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INDEX 


TO 

THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 

VOLUME  LXX,  1911. 


Pages 

Acetylene  Refuse  .  28 

Acid  Phosphate,  What  Is? . 582 

Acre,  Product  of .  26 

Adobe  for  Buildings .  6S7 

Advertisers’  Protective  Association.  842 

Advice  from  Home .  899 

Agrarian  Party,  Need  of . 440,  595 

Agreement,  Violation  of .  377 

Agricultural  College  Graduate  Talk  959 

Agricultural  Department,  N.  Y .  230 

Agricultural  Educators  and  Land 

Boomers  . 1246 

Agricultural  Epitomist  . 1166 

Agricultural  Exhibit,  Boston . 92U 

Agricultural  Graduate  Reflects . 895 

Agricultural  Report,  N.  Y.  State..  94 

Agricultural  Society,  New .  604 

Agricultural  Society,  N.  Y.  State. 

105,  137 

Agri  'Rural, '  Canadian  Aid  To _ 863 

ture  in  School .  894 

Alao&nJa  Electric  Service  Co .  S6 

Albany,  N.  Y'.,  News  from - 967,  1011 

,  1050,  1099,  1134 

Albany,  News  from . 1172 

Alfalfa  after  Rye .  67 

Alfalfa  and  Apples .  423 

Alfalfa  and  Grain .  332 

Alfalfa  and  Potatoes . 1150 

Alfalfa,  Argument  for . 1010 

Alfalfa,  Changing  for  Corn .  719 

Alfalfa,  Cost  of  10  Acres .  435 

Alfalfa  Enemies  . 123 

Alfalfa,  Enthusiastic  Over .  159 

Alfalfa  for  Hens .  17 

Alfalfa  for  Horses .  81S 

Alfalfa  for  Steers .  444 

Alfalfa  Gone  to  Seed .  27 

Alfalfa  in  Alabama .  805 

Alfalfa  in  Connecticut . 799 

Alfalfa  in  Corn .  471 

Alfalfa  in  Maine . 644,  815,  S94 

Alfalfa  in  Michigan .  490 

Alfalfa  in  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y..878,  899 

Alfalfa  in  Orchard . . . 561 

Alfalfa  in  Tennessee .  1S7 

Alfalfa  Irrigation  . 1067 

Alfalfa,  Late  Seeding .  SOI 

Alfalfa,  Lime  on .  383 

Alfalfa  on  Long  Island . 704,  753,  768 

Alfalfa  or  Corn .  622 

Alfalfa  Preparation  .  55 

Alfalfa,  Quantity  for  Seeding .  S19 

Alfalfa  Questions  .  393 

Alfalfa  Seed  in  New  York .  188 

Alfalfa  Sermon  .  469 

Alfalfa  Starting . 587,  816,  1130 

Alfalfa,  Story  of  .  26 

Alfalfa,  Struggle  for .  939 

Alfalfa  Talk  .  750 

Alfalfa,  Top-dressing  for . 196,  922 

Alfalfa,  Value  of . 62,  573 

Alfalfa,  What  Crop  Before? .  605 

Alfalfa,  When  to  Cut . 1213 

Alfalfa  with  Corn  .  721 

^.Ifalfa  with  Oats . 980 

Alfalfa  with  Oats  and  Peas . 128,  377 

Allison-Richey  Gulf  Coast  Co .  222 

Allyn,  L.  C .  794 

America,  Ungastronomic  . 1095 

Ar.'.oNe-n  Zr. vestment  Assoc hstion. . .  234 

American  Potash  Co . 1158 

Ant  Hill  in  Grave . 1095 

and  Mignonette .  903 

Getting  Rid  of .  721 

Ants,  in  Lawn .  609 

Ants  in  Mushroom  Beds .  439 

Apple  and  Pear  Seedlings .  398 

Apple,  Baldwin,  Annual  Bearing...  539 

Apple,  Ben  Davis,  in  Poetry .  464 

Apple,  Bismarck  .  98 

Apple  Canker  . 1093 

Applo  Consumers’  League .  40 

Apple  Crop,  Handling . 1003 

Apple  Culture  in  N.  Y .  389 

Apple  Eating  Contest .  964 

Apple,  Everbearing  . 1155 

Apple,  Grimes  .  32 

Apple  Growers,  Hudson  Valley....  405 

Apple  Growing,  Virginia .  661 

Apple,  Jonathan  .  647 

Apple,  McIntosh  . 1150 

Apple  Maggot  .  559 

Apple  Notes  .  516 

Apple  Notes,  Ohio .  1048 

Apple,  Oldenburg,  Self  Fertile. ...  499 

Apple  Orchard.  Cost  of .  33 

Apple  Orchard,  Draining .  893 

Apple  Orchard,  Indiana .  354 

Apple  Orchard  Fillers .  237 

Apple  Orchard.  Return  from .  71* 

Applo  Orchards,  Western .  768 

Apple  Package,  Culls  in . 62,  458 

Apple  Packing  in  Boxes .  36 

Apple  Pie  at  White  House .  819 

Apple  Pomace  for  Cows .  420 

Apple  Prices  . 960 

Apple  Questions  .  7 

Apple,  Red  Gravenstein .  263 

Apple  Region,  W.  Va .  200 

Apple  Sauce,  Making .  292 

Apple  Scions . 1173 

Apple,  Seedless  . 1154 

Apple  Seedlings,  Handling .  467 

Apple  Show,  Rochester . 1191 

Apple  Situation  . 1024 

Apple,  Stark,  Top-Working . 1195 

Apple  Storage,  Simple .  602 

Apple  Storage  Situation . 1004 

Apple,  Sutton  . 1090 

Apple  Tent  Caterpillar  . 897 

Apple  Trade,  Retail . 1233 

Apple  Trade  with  Germany .  405 

Apple  Tree,  Courageous .  894 

Apple  Tree,  Fire  Blight  on .  308 

Apple  Tree,  Valuable .  392 

Apple  Tree,  What  Age  for  Plant¬ 
ing?  .  919 

Apple  Trees  and  Roots . 1111 

Apple  Trees,  Annual  Bearing  of. 

155.  309,  390,  431,  459 

Apple  Trees,  Caring  for .  316 

Apple  Trees,  Dishorning . 426 

Apple  Trees,  Dwarf,  Trouble  with.  37 

Apple  Trees  Neglected .  320 

Apple  Trees,  New  Head  on .  363 

Apple  Trees,  New  York . 1191 

Apple  Trees,  Old,  Repairing .  515 

Apple  Trees,  Overloaded .  669 

Apple  Trees,  Planting .  98 

Apple  Trees,  Spray  for . 429 

Apple  Trees,  Summer  Pruning  of..  434 

Apple,  Twenty  Ounce,  in  Kansas..  11 

Apple  Trees,  Value  of . 921 

Apple  Trees,  Working  over .  121 

Apple  Varieties,  Mixing . 34,  268 

Apple,  Wealthy,  Growth  of .  962 

Apples  at  Auction . 1167 

Apples,  Boxed,  in  N.  Y . 1022 

Apples,  California,  Advertising _ 1024 

Apples,  Cider,  Prices  for . 1107 

Apples,  Cost  of  Growing .  733 

Apples,  Delaware,  Keeping . 1113 

Apples,  Direct  Trade  in . 1149 

Apples,  Dropping  .  665 

Apples,  Eastern,  Boxes  for .  857 

Apples,  Fertilizing  .  68 

Apples  for  Hogs . 1026 


Pages 


Apples  for  Iowa .  405 

Apples  for  Maryland .  471 

Apples  for  Michigan . 1212 

Apples  for  New  England .  396 

Apples  for  New  York . 1H2 

Apples  for  Northern  Markets . 519 

Apples  for  Ohio .  390 

Apples  for  Pennsylvania . 1097 

Apples  for  Virginia .  323 

Apples  for  Wisconsin .  100 

Apples,  Imperfect  . 1053 

Apples  in  Illinois .  557 

Apples  in  Ohio  .  962 

Apples  in  Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y .  26u 

Apples  in  New  England  Cellar .  91 

Apples,  Interplanting  .  92 

Apples  in  Turkestan .  771 

Apples,  Keeping  .  961 

Apples  on  Doucin  Stocks . 1071 

Apples  on  Milk  Route . 1066 

Apples  or  Grapes . 515,  539 

Apples,  Over  Production  of .  320 

Apples,  Packing  Honestly .  60 

Apples,  Planting  in  Brush .  314 

Apples,  Profitable  .  458 

Apples,  Storing  in  Cellar .  984 

Apples,  Vermont  . 1005 

Apples,  Western  N.  Y .  645 

Apples,  When  to  Pick . 875,  877 

Apples,  Winter  Banana  .  383 

Apples,  Winter  Injury  of .  541 

Arcadia  Orchard  Co . 54,  150 

Aremu  Mining  Co .  22 

Arsenic,  New  Forms  of .  428 

Arsenic  Spray,  Danger  in .  266 

Ashes  and  Fertilizer .  237 

Ashes  and  Manure . 838 

Ashes,  Use  of .  431 

Asparagus,  Crops  Between .  192 

Asparagus,  Climbing . 1237 

Asparagus  Culture  .  317 

Asparagus  Experiment  .  628 

Asparagus  Growers,  Mass .  608 

Asparagus,  Movipg  .  545 

Asparagus,  Poisonous  (?)  .  784 

Asparagus.  Transplanting  .  962 

Asphalt,  Imitation  .  18 

Aster  Seed,  Raising  . 1132 

Asters,  Lime  for .  388 

Atlas,  II . ' .  254 

Auto  Press  Co .  534 

Autos  for  Heavy  Work .  396 

Autos  on  Farm .  429 

Baker,  Geo.  H .  510 

Baker,  Work  of .  92l 

Ballinger  Incident  .  756 

Baltimore.  Trade  in  . 1087 

Bamboo  at  Culebra .  459 

Bankers  Finance  Co .  598 

Barn  Basement.  Draining .  348 

Barn  Broom  . 1083 

Barn,  Dairy  .  385 

Barn,  Kentucky  .  1 

Barn,  Planning  .  448 

Barn,  Remodeling  .  249 

Barn,  Terra  Cotta .  385 

Barn  Ventilation  .  14T 

Barn,  Virginia  . 909 

Barn  Wall.  Cement  .  410 

Baskets,  Short  Measure .  531 

nean  Diseases  .  623 

Bean  Picking . 1235 

Bean  Prices  .  729 

Beans,  Soy,  Harvesting .  898 

Bean,  Soy,  in  Pennsylvania .  92 

Bean,  Soy,  Milk .  597 

Bean  Weevil,  Fighting . 1051 

Beans,  Grading  .  666 

Beans  in  Orchard .  62 

Beans  with  Weight  .  181 

Bedbugs  in  Henhouse .  933 

Bee  Talk . 1212 

Beehives.  Cement . 1235 

Bees  and  Fruit .  843 

Bees  and  Spraying .  625 

Bees  and  Tobacco .  922 

Bees,  Handling  .  939 

Bees,  Long-Tongued  .  921 

Bees,  Starting  with . 1066 

Beet  Pulp  for  Stock  Feed .  82 

Beef,  Jerked  . 1235 

Belt,  Long  or  Short . 1173 

Belting  Questions  . 1117 

Bennett,  J.  A . 618,  730,  1126 

Beckmann,  A.  F .  890 

Bermuda  Notes  .  517 

Berry  Grading  System . 265 

Bicycle  Grinder  . 1002 

Biggs,  Warren  W . 890 

Birds  and  Worms .  329 

Birge,  W.  H .  454 

Bishop  Creek  Gold  Co .  554 

Bisulphide  of  Carbon  for  Grain....  270 
Blackberry  Culture,  New... 621,  642,  662 

Blackberry,  Early  Harvest .  723 

Blackberry  Eldorado  .  239 

Blackberries,  Failure  with .  664 

Blackberries,  Notes  on .  39 

Blackberries,  Western  .  312 

Blackberries,  Wild,  Transplanting.  .1112 

Black  Knot  in  Plums .  259 

Black  Walnut,  Improved . 163 

Blood  Transfusion  .  561 

Boarder,  Summer  .  752 

Bonds,  Defaulted,  Uses  of .  35 

Bone  Dust  or  Manure .  350 

Bone  for  Top  Dressing .  158 

Bone  Meal  on  Berries .  193 

Bone  or  Acid  Phosphate .  467 

Bones  for  Fertilizer .  96 

Borers  and  Spiders .  684 

Bordeaux,  Dry  .  493 

Bordeaux  vs.  Lime-Sulphur .  272 

Boston  Produce  Markets .  749 

Boxwood  as  Florist’s  Greens . 1217 

Boy,  Interesting  .  435 

Boys  at  N.  Y.  State  Fair .  982 

Boyer,  N.  P .  794 

Bread,  Living  . 1136 

Brewers’  Grains  and  Cob  Meal . 291 

Brewers  Grains,  Law  Regarding....  248 

Brewers’  Grains,  Storing . 333,  450 

Bridge,  Cement  .  957 

Brush  Land,  Subduing .  287 

Buckwheat  as  Farm  Crop .  917 

Buckwheat  as  Green  Manure .  721 

Buckwheat  for  Poultry .  84 

Buckwheat  in  Orchard .  816 

Buckwheat  on  Fallow  Land .  666 

Buckwheat,  Plowing  in .  818 

Buckwheat  Straw  as  Bedding . 1222 

Buckwheat,  Treatment  of .  47 

Buckwheat,  Vetch  with .  606 

Buffalo  Overcoats  for  Sale . 1071 

Bull,  Selecting . 1229 

Bull  with  Scours .  413 

Bull,  Working  . 1202,  1123 

Burbank  and  Cactus .  168 

Burbank  and  Dept,  of  Agriculture..  804 

Burbank  Ocala  Farms .  662 

Burdock,  Killing  . 704,  821 

Rurbank  Timber  Co . 1206 

Burrell  Syndicate  .  83U 

Business  Combinations  .  635 

Butter  Adulterated  .  .  240 

Butter,  Bogus . 1244 

Butter.  Good,  Making .  887 

Butter,  High-Scoring  .  931 


Pages 

Butter  Making  .  213 

Butter  Merger  .  331 

Butter,  Moisture  in . 650,  675 

Butter  Prices,  False . 1230 

Butter,  “Process,”  How  Made. .  369 

Butter,  Sampling  .  729 

Butter,  Soft  .  827 

Butter  Starter  .  597 

Cabbage  for  Cows .  450 

Cabbage,  Keeping  . 1114 

Cabbage  Lice  . 1053 

Cabbage,  Lime  for .  66 

Cabbage  Plants  Under  Cheese 

Cloth  .  626 

Cactus  Culture  .  10 

Cactus,  Florida  .  48 

Cactus,  Spineless  . 109T 

Calf,  Indigestion  in..., .  331 

Calf,  Milk  Substitute  for .  611 

Calf,  Weaning  .  29 1 

Calf  with  Fits .  699 

Call  with  Foot  Rot .  866 

Calves,  Death  of .  141 

Calves,  Feeding  .  715 

Calves,  Lice  on . 143,  370 

Calves,  Ration  for .  414 

Calves  with  Catarrh .  82 

Calves  with  Ringworm .  48 

Calves  with  Scours . 10S5 

Callus,  Treatment  of .  567 

Camphor  in  Florida .  669 

Camphor  Trees  in  South .  ' 

Canada  and  Reciprocity .  988 

Canada,  Conditions  in .  757 

Canada,  Conditions  in .  40 

Canada,  Reciprocity  with . 324,  364 

Canal,  Panama,  Effect  of .  703 

Cannas  from  Seed . 1137 

Canning  Factory,  Story  of .  490 

Canning  Factory,  Prices .  379 

Canning  Factories  .  97 

Canning  Outfit,  Home . 389,  685 

Capital  Investment  Co .  US 

Carbide  Residuum  as  Fertilizer....  560 

Carnations,  Commercial  .  629 

Carnegie  Trust  Co .  618 

Carp  in  Germany .  627 

Carp  in  Maryland .  737 

Carp,  Selling  .  644 

Carrot  Seed  Separating .  689 

Carrot,  Wild,  Killing .  388 

Carrots,  Large  .  270 

Cartage,  Question  of . 1006 

Cat  and  Goslings .  751 

Cat  and  Goslings .  777 

Cat,  Sick  . 48,  82,  731 

Cat  with  Tumor .  970 

Catnip  Culture  .  589 

Cauliflower,  Ailing  .  941 

Cattle  and  Black  Cherry .  910 

Cattle  and  Horses,  Big . 1102 

Cattle,  Angus  .  622 

Cattle,  Beef,  in  Ohio .  792 

Cattle  Breeder  Talks  Sense . 1142 

Cattle,  Brown  Swiss .  866 

Cattle,  Club,  Guernsey . 617 

Cattle  Club,  Jersey .  631 

Cattle,  Devon,  Value  of .  849 

Cattle,  Dexter  and  Kerry .  930 

Cattle,  Dishorning  . 21,  208,  329 

Cellar,  Dry,  Wanted . 1194 

Cattle,  Dutch  Belted . 1082 

Cattle  Feeding  in  Mexico .  655 

Cattle  Feeding  Sheds .  829 

Cattle,  Hereford  .  444 

Cattle,  Holstein  . : . 1014 

Cattle,  Holstein,  Value  of . 792 

Cattle,  Improving  .  931 

Cattle,  Lice  on .  376 

Cattle,  Pasturing  on  Soiling .  635 

Cattle,  Purebred  . 20,  594 

Cattle,  Red  Poll .  744 

Cattle  Registration  . 1014 

Cattle  Tuberculosis  Law . 1222 

Cattle  with  Depraved  Taste .  867 

Cattle,  Yoke  of .  55 

Celery  Growing,  New .  619 

Celery,  Keeping  . 1153 

Celery  Rust  . 103 

Cement,  Amount  Needed .  236 

Cement  and  Sand,  Figuring .  411 

Cement  Barn  Wall .  410 

Cement  Bridge  .  957 

Cement  Floor  for  Granary . 1133 

Cement  Floor  for  Stable .  444 

Cement  Granary  Floor . 1210 

Cement  Gun  .  625 

Cement  in  Place  of  Lime .  983 

Cement  Pipe,  Making  .  564 

Cement,  Roof  . 227,  687 

Cement  Tile,  Making .  90 

Cement  Trough  . . 834 

Cement  Vinegar  Tank .  646 

Cement,  Water  Leaking  Through . .  586 

Central  Fish  Co .  954 

Central  Mercantile  Co . 1018 

Chacamas  Plantation  Co .  914 

Cheese  Season,  N.  Y . 1143 

Cheese,  World’s  Largest . 1067 

Chemicals  and  Clover .  577  , 

Cherry,  Borers  in .  981>' 

Cherry  Experience  .  353 

Cherry  Varieties  .  665 

Cherry  Tree,  Bruised .  723 

Cherry,  Wild.  Budding . 1026,  1048 

Cherries,  Best  Stock  for .  345  "V 

Cherries  for  Northern  N.  Y .  388 

Cherries  in  Washington .  626  , 

Cherries,  Sour,  Care  of .  132  ^ 

Cherries,  What  Ails . 1048  v 

Chestnut  Disease  .  821 

Chestnut  Blight  . 259,  861 

Chestnut  Bloom  and  Birds .  464 

Chestnut  in  the  South .  432 

Chestnut  Leaves  and  Stock . 704 

Chestnut  Notes  .  226 

Chestnuts,  Grafting . 1217 

Chestnuts  in  Ohio . 1157 

294,  552 

Chicago  Portrait  Co .  698 

Chick  Brooder,  Cheese  Box....  80, 

Chick  Brooder,  Homemade .  415 

Chicks  and  Express  Company .  868 

Chicks,  Baby,  Selling . 80,  576 

Chicks,  Baby,  Shipping .  848 

Chicks,  Caring  for .  380 

Chicks,  Dry  Mash  for .  848 

Chicks,  Handling  .  451 

Chicks,  Late  Hatched .  17 

Chicks,  Leg  Weakness  in .  552 

Chicks,  Malnutrition  of . 1204 

Chicks,  Mortality  in .  217 

Chicks  Need  Earth .  676 

Chicks  on  Board  Floor .  729 

Chicks,  Ration  for . 888.  933 

Chicks,  Sorehead  in.  ...  868 

Chicks,  Untrue  to  Color . 745 

Chicks,  White  Diarrhoea  in  ...  17, 

735,  751,  809,  868.  1084 

Chicks  with  Pip .  17 

Chicken  Business  .  415 

Chicken’s  Toes,  Growth  on .  51 

Childs,  J.  L.,  and  Wonder!  .1198 

Chimney,  Dripping  . 897 

Chimney,  Iron  Lined  .  941 

Chimney,  Jacket  for . 1022 

Churning,  Difficulty  In .  ..1202 

Cider,  Clarifying  . 985 


Pages 

Cinders  and  Fence  Wire.. 464,  604,  626 

Circle  Pub.  Co .  658 

Cistern,  Building  . 1153 

Cistern,  Cement,  Trouble  with -  465 

Cistern,  Farm . 1195 

Cistern,  Leaking  .  769 

Cistern,  Purifying . 838,  925,  9S0 

Clearfield  Butter  and  Egg  Co . 1246 

Clematis  from  Seed .  439 

Clergyman,  Cursing  .  828 

Clippings,  Keeping . 1194 

Clover  and  Turnips .  516 

Clover,  Crimson,  Fails .  565 

Clover,  Crimson,  in  Ga . «...  539 

Clover,  Crimson,  in  Peach  Orchard.  320 

Clover  Hay,  Handling .  491 

Clover  in  Silo . 98,  219,  248 

Clover,  Plowing  Under .  493 

Clover  Questions  .  358 

Clover  Seed  Condition .  854 

Clover  Seed,  Vitality  of . 1114 

Clover,  Seeding  .  .  C47 

Clover,  Winter-kills  . 1069 

Clows,  Geo.  C .  182 

Coal  Ashes,  Use  of .  156 

Coal  Ashes,  Value  of .  585 

Coboea  Scandens,  Growing _ 987,  1114 

Codling  Moth,  Cider  Trap  for.. 458,  643 

Coffee,  Valorized  .  496 

Cohen,  Wm . 54 

Cold  Storage  and  Business . 1198 

Cold  Storage  Legislation .  971 

Cold  Storage  Legislation .  740 

Cold  Storage  Legislation . 999 

Cole,  Geo.  F . 1126 

College  Family  Party .  964 

College  Graduate’s  Reflections . 1001 

Colt,  Handling  .  331 

Colt,  Paralyzed  .  52 

Colt,  Unthrifty  .  301 

Colt,  Weaning  .  172 

Colt  with  Fistula .  847 

Colt  with  Lampas  . 1226 

Colt  with  Weak  Stifle . 1103 

Colts,  Dairy  .  Ill 

Columbia  Magazine  .  534 

Columbia  Sterling  Co . 1062,  1146 

Columbian  Sterling  Co . 1186 

Commerce  Court  Ruling _ ; .  690 

Commercial  Club,  Nebraska. ..  .610,  654 
Commission  Man  and  Sweet  Pota¬ 
toes  .  756 

Commission  Man  Hog . 1154 

Commission  Man,  Kansas . 1046 

Commission  Man,  Letter  to . 

1024.  1070 

Commission  Men,  Regulating.  .324, 

329,  468,  670,  756,  862 

Commission  Man,  Story  of . 1110 

Compost,  Heap,  Making .  231 

Concrete,  Coal  Ashes  in .  560 

Concrete,  Deterioration  of . 1215 

Concrete  Floor  and  Furnace .  985 

Concrete  Icehouse  . 1113 

Concrete  in  Corncrib .  68 

Concrete  in  Fence  Building .  646 

Concrete  Roller  .  235 

Concrete  Stable  Floor .  146 

Congressman,  “Careful  Considera¬ 
tion”  .  19 

Concrete  Watering  Trough .  1192 

Consular  School  .  966 

Contract  for  Farm  Machinery . 233 

Contracts  and  Promises .  2 

Co-operation,  Successful  .  6 

Copperas  for  Cows .  372 

Co-operation  Among  Farmers . 977 

Cotton  Growers  Combining .  988 

Corn  Acreage  .  569 

Corn  After  Vetch .  496 

Corn  and  Crows . 492,  541 

Corn  and  Potash .  896 

Corn  Breeding  Experiment .  387 

Corn  Breeding,  Talk  on .  93 

Corn  Contest  . 64,  500 

Corn  Crop,  Kentucky .  386 

Corn  Crop,  Large .  587 

Corn  Crop,  Rhode  Island . .  226 

Corn,  Early  Start  for .  734 

Corn,  Feeding  Value  of .  697 

Corn,  Flint  .  493 

Corn  Fodder  . 219 

Corn  Fodder,  Baled . 1194 

Corn  Fodder,  Keeping .  986 

Corn  Fodder,  Feeding .  112 

Corn  Fodder,  Shredding .  213 

Corn  Fodder,  Value  of .  37 

Corn  from  the  Blue  Ridge. ..  .581,  617 

Corn,  Knife  for  Thinning .  941 

Corn  for  Silage .  484 

Corn,  Grinding  on  Farms .  303 

Corn  Growing  in  Nebraska .  123 

Corn  Harvester  Discussion. .37,  95,  214 

Corn,  Hen  Manure  for .  584 

Corn  Hybrids,  First  Generation....  135 

Corn,  Importance  of .  324 

Corn  in  Checks  or  Hills .  464 

Corn  in  Illinois . 58,  493 

Corn  in  New  England .  462 

Corn  in  Vermont .  66 

Corn,  Kaffir,  Treatment  of .  516 

Corn,  Potash  for .  235 

Corn,  Seed,  Vitality  of .  859 

Corn  Record,  North  Carolina .  756 

Corn  Show,  New  England . 988,  1132 

Corn  Shredder  Notes .  227 

Corn,  Silage,  Record  Crop . 1169 

Corn  Smut  . 492,  647 

Corn,  Stalk-Borer  .  785 

Corn,  Sweet,  Crop  of .  266 

Corn  Testing  .  462 

Corn,  Thinning  .  837 

Corn  Troubles . 1191 

Corn,  Turnips  or  Beets  in .  685 

Corn  Varieties  .  567 

Corn  with  Potatoes .  18 

Corn  Yield,  Large . 1190 

Corncrib,  Old  Fashioned .  798 

Corncrib,  Rat-Proof  . 665,  856 

Correspondence  Inst,  of  America. .  86 

Correspondence  Schools  .  486 

Corry  Hide  and  Fur  Co . 298,  1146 

Corrosive  Sublimate,  Dissolving....  400 

Cotton  Boll  Worm  Conspiracy .  431 

Cotton  Field,  N.  C . 1155 

Cottonseed  for  Hens . 1205 

Coudry,  H.  M . 1146 

Cow,  Ailing  . 213,  375 

Cow  and  Man .  IS 

Cow,  Ayrshire,  Ration  for .  178 

Cow,  Best  in  Java .  444 

Cow,  Brewers’  Grains  for . 376,  448 

Cow  Butter  Ration  for .  178 

Cow,  Cotton  Seed  Meal  for .  3J2 

Cow,  Dairy,  Rations .  932 

Cow  Deal,  Bogus .  81 

Cow,  Death  of . 1059 

Cow,  Dry,  Feeding .  253 

Cow  Earns  $1  per  day .  826 

Cow,  800-Pound,  Ration  for .  376 

Cow,  Family,  Propagating .  808 

Cow,  Fattening  .  414 

Cow,  Feeding  Stalks  and  Grain  to.  178 

Cow,  Good  .  248 

Cow,  Guernsey,  Argument  for .  173 

Cow,  Guernsey,  Ration . 376,  573 

Cow.  Heavy  Feeding  for .  332 

Cow-Hen  Controversy  .  508 


Pages 

Cow,  Hobbling  . 827 

Cow,  Holstein  . 484 

Cow,  Holstein,  Ration  for .  376 

Cow,  Holstein,  Record .  760 

Cow,  Holstein,  Testing  .  505 

Cow,  Hope  Farm . 556,  668,  1030 

Cow,  How  to  Hobble . 558,  677 

Cow,  Jersey,  Ration  for .  216 

Cow,  Jersey,  Uses  for .  717 

Cow,  Kicking.  Handling . 297,  994 

Cow  Leaks  Milk . 614,  679,  1085 

Cow  Losing  Milk  Flow .  675 

Cow,  Milch,  Ration  for - 209,  216, 

777,  869,  1059,  1141 
Cow,  Missy  of  the  Glen.. 104,  324, 

418,  506,  523,  553,  574,  650,  S62 


Cow,  Oats  and  Rye  for .  479 

Cow,  1,000-Pound,  Feeding .  215 

Cow,  Poor  .  572 

Cow  Ration,  Defective . .  253 

Cow  Ration,  Expensive .  413 

Cow  Ratio  .  for  Butt*  -.  .  8S,  21  1 

Cow  Ration  for  Milk . 20,  51,  479 

Cow  Ration,  Improving _ 209,  414,  452 

Cow  Ration,  Insufficient .  376 

Cow  Ration,  Narrow .  551 

Cow  Ration,  Purchased .  452 

Cow  Ration,  Summer .  551 

Cow  Ration,  Too  Fattening .  452 

Cow  Ration  with  Brewers’  Grains..  142 
Cow  Ration  with  Home-Grown 

Grain  . 142,  146,  551 

Cow  Ration  with  Pea  Hay .  50 

Cow  Ration  Without  Roughage .  82 

Cow  Record  .  308 

Cow,  Record,  Disputed . .  246 

Cow,  Record,  Guernsey .  504 

Cow  Report  .  828 

Cow,  Restless  .  119 

Cow,  Scrub  .  970 

Cow,  Short  Horn,  Good  Words  for.  214 

Cow,  Shorthorn,  Value  of .  694 

Cow,  Slobbering  .  679 

Cow  Stable,  Paint  for . 1206 

Cow,  Stimulating  Milk  Flow .  21 

Cow  Swallows  Nails .  688 

Cow,  Testing  with  Tuberculin .  47S 

Cow,  Timothy  and  Grain  for . 253 

Cow  Trade,  Fake . 1164 

Cow,  Warts  on . 119,  208,  302 

Cow  Wears  Overalls .  728 

Cow  with  Aglactia .  338 

Cow  with  Blind  Teat .  483 

Cow  with  Brain  Trouble .  579 

Cow  with  Bunch .  375 

Cow  with  Catarrh .  108 

Cow  with  Cough . 52,  143,  528,  932 

Cow  with  Dropsy .  909 

Cow  with  Foot  Rot . 932,  1085 

Cow  with  Garget . 82,  141,  446, 

595,  846,  911,  932 

Cow  with  Indigoston  . 301,  659 

Cow  with  Injured  Teat .  79 

Cow  with  Leaking  Teats . 141 

Cow  with  Milk  Fever .  744 

Cow  with  Rheumatism .  21 

Cow  with  Ringworm .  140 

Cow  with  Scours . 52,  369 

Cow  with  Skin  Disease .  369 

Cow  with  Sore  Udder . 1162 

Cow  with  Texas  Fever . 57° 

Cow  with  Tumor .  52 

Cow  with  Udder  Trouble .  48 

Cow  with  Warts .  729 

Cow,  Unprofitable  .  45s 

Cow  vs.  Hen . 374 

Cow,  Young,  Ration  for .  216 

Cows  and  Ivy .  827 

Cows,  Apple  Pomace  for . 420 

Cows,  Bone  Meal  for . 1222 

Cow’s  Breathing,  Difficult .  847 

Cows,  Breeding  Up . 572 

Cows,  Buckwheat  Chaff  for . 1184 

Cows,  Chautauqua  County,  N.  Y.. 

.  776,  950,  1038,  1162 

Cows,  Dishorning  .  659 

Cows,  Exercise  or  Confinement  for 

212,  334 

Cows,  Family  .  594 

Cows,  Forty-Five  Dollar .  776 

Cows,  Fresh,  Ration  for .  209 

Cows,  Good  .  372 

Cows,  Heavy  Producing . 1083 

Cows,  Holstein  and  Milk  Color....  674 

Cows  in  Close  Quarters . 1143 

Cows,  Kicking  . 1058 

Cows,  Leading  .  402 

Cows,  Milch,  Ration  for . 1225 

Cows,  Photographing  . 1129 

Cows,  Potatoes  for .  412 

Cows,  Profit  in . 1163 

Cows,  Rape  for . 18,  144 

Cows,  Remarkable  . • .  642 

Cows,  Roughage  for . 1184 

Cows,  Short-Horn  . 445,  446 

Cows,  Stale  Bread  for .  142 

Cows,  Tied  or  Loose . 140 

Cows,  Two  Good .  110 

Cow’s  Udder,  Congested .  213 

Cows,  Warbles  in .  333 

Cows,  Warming  Water  for .  332 

Cows  Wear  Clothes . 1223 

Cows,  Western  N.  Y . 1243 

Cows,  What  Ailed? . 1227 

Cows  with  Hygroma .  827 

Crabapple,  Flowering  .  841 

Cream  Homogenized  . 1065 

Cream,  Trouble  with . 110,  249 

Creamery,  Minnesota  State .  938 

Creamery  Promoters  .  410 

Crescent  Candy  Co .  182 

Crop  for  Soiling .  586 

Crop  Production  and  Prices . 1178 

Crop  Rotation,  Changing .  165 

Crops  for  Muck  Ground . 1048 

Crops,  Green,  Plowing  Under .  736 

Crops,  Some  Successful . .  290 

Crops  to  Plow  Under . 1153 

Crown  Gall  Disease .  690 

Crown  Gall  in  Fruit  Trees .  702 

Crows,  Killing  . 1098 

Cross  Dull  Corn . 541,  588 

Crows,  Fall  .  986 

Crunells  .  686 

Cultivation  in  Drought .  539 

Cummins,  W.  J . 1166 

Currant,  Spraying  .  466 

Currier  Pub.  Co . 86,  678 

Cutworm,  Protection  Against.  .389, 

520,  644,  686,  703,  736 

Cyclamers,  Treatment  of .  689 

Daffodils  in  Frames .  903 

Daffodils  in  Greenhouse . 1133 

Dahlia  and  Sunflower  as  Food .  437 

Dahlia  Treatment  . 586,  1053,  1115 

Dahlias  as  Cut  Flowers . 1217 

Dahlias  in  January .  239 

Dahlias,  Insects  on .  861 

Dandelions,  Killing  .  881 

Dairy  Farm,  N.  Y . 1061 

Dairy  Farm,  Work  on . 1105 

Dairy,  Georgia  .  695 

Dairy  Herd,  Improving . 813,  950 

Dairy  Herd,  Pacific  Coast . 713 

Dairy  Herd,  Story  of . 1014 

Dairy  of  F.  D.  Kershaw . 712 

Dairy  Products  Co . 1018,  1086 

Dairy  Profits  .  953 


ii 


INDEX.— THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 


Pages 

Dairy  Train,  Iowa .  144 

Dairy  in  Canada . 575,  1011 

Dairying  in  Dakota .  372 

Dairying  in  Florida .  994 

Dairying  in  Maine .  809 

Dairying  in  Michigan .  849 

Dairying  in  Southwest . 10B1 

Dairying,  Wall  Street . 814,  744 

Dairymen  and  Reciprocity . 531,  575 

Dairymen,  N.  Y.,  Meet . 1247 

Dairymen,  Sanitary  . 1183 

Dairymen’s  League  . 412,  509,  553 

Dairymen’s  League  Meeting . 1223 

Deafness  Cures  .  349 

Dean,  C.  E . 870 

Deer  in  Massachusetts . 1090 

Deer,  Raising  By  Hand .  148 

Dew  on  Foliage . 881 

Dewberry,  Lucretia  . 1092 

Dewberry,  Treatment  of . ..1177 

Di  Nuovo  Cheese  Co .  1S2 

Dix,  John  A .  12 

Dodder,  Killing  Out .  31 

Dog,  Collie,  Feeding.. .  179 

Dog,  Goitre  in . 338 

Dog,  Indigestion  in .  119 

Dog  Shedding  Hair .  909 

Dog,  Sick  .  847 

Dog,  Stiffness  in .  338 

Dog,  Stunting . . 1226 

Dog,  Valuable  .  889 

Dog,  Vermin  On .  996 

Dog,  Weak  .  52 

Dog  with  Catarrh . 55,  140 

Dog  with  Chorea . 412,  579 

Dog  with  Eczema .  248 

Dog  with  Mange .  46 

Dogs  That  Lead .  186 

Dogs,  Working  .  562 

Dollar,  Consumer’s . 1170 

Dollar,  What  Will  Buy .  194 

Domestic  Science,  Training  in .  300 

Donley  Lumber  Co .  422 

Drain  Tile,  Cement . 90,  682 

Drain,  Roots  in . 47,  819 

Drain,  Submerged  Outlet  for . 1110 

Drains,  Stone  .  186 

Drainage,  Good  Job  of .  185 

Drainage,  House  .  297 

Drainage,  Interest  in .  227 

Draining  Orchard  .  893 

Drainage  Problem  . 514,  719,  959 

Drainage  Tax  .  766 

Drainage  with  Pump .  854 

Draining  Spring  Sideliill .  644 

Duck,  Indian  Runner . 149,  482, 

535,  696,  713,  746,  868,  1041 

Ducks,  Ailing  . 466,  997 

Ducks,  Trouble  with . 1165 

Dynamite  for  Clearing  Land .  351 

Dynamite  for  Subsoiling .  896 

Easter  Flowers  .  562 

Education,  Agricultural  .  122 

Education,  New  York . 1199 

Egg,  Big  .  250 

Egg,  First  . 918 

Egg  Producers  Co . 54,  342.1206 

Egg  Situation  .  339 

Egg  Talk  .  933 

Egg  Tester,  Magic . 212 

Egg,  White,  Wanted . 576,  676 

Eggs  and  Express  Companies.  .508,  538 

Eggs,  Blood  Spots  in . 508,  793 

Eggs  in  December .  380 

Eggs  in  Water  Glass.. 532,  636,  729,  868 

Eggs,  Large  .  417 

Eggs,  Trouble  with .  656 

Electric  Wires,  Danger  in .  3 

Employer’s  Liability  Law .  770 

Engine.  Gasoline,  Best  Cooler  for.. 1193 
Engine,  Gasoline,  for  Farm  Work. 

59,  767,  874,  940 

Engine  Power  and  Fuel .  785 

Engine.  Traction  .  459 

Epilepsy,  Trea*  ment  of .  561 

Erie,  Pa.,  Business  at . 1024 

Eucalyptus  in  Calfornia .  662 

Express  Charges  . 32,  41 

Express  Charges  Unreasonable....  364 

Express  Company  Robbers .  137 

Express  Company  Statistics .  136 

Express  Company,  Struggle  with..  347 

Express  Companies  and  Eggs .  538 

Express  Companies,  Buying  Out -  682 

Express  Rates  .  67 

Express  Rates,  Exorbitant . 1195 

Express  Rates  in  Canada .  8 

Express  Trust  .  364 

Fair,  N.  Y.  State . 942,  961 

Fairs,  Exhibits  at .  896 

Fake  Goods,  Handling .  227 

Fakes,  Operating  on . 113S 

Farm,  Abandoned,  Results  from -  3 

Farm,  Actor’s  .  835 

Farm  and  Home  at  Ohio  Fair .  954 

Farm,  Campaign  Against .  467 

Farm  Children,  Educating .  822 

Farm  Contract  .  432 

Farm  Co-operation  . 684,  977 

Farm  Co-operation  In  Dakota .  136 

Farm  Day,  Connecticut .  996 

Farm  Day,  Indiana .  989 

Farm  Exchange  Manager .  935 

Farm,  Hunting . 1196 

Farm,  Income  from .  129 

Farm  Institute,  Starting .  369 

Farm  Institutes,  N.  Y . 1119 

Farm  Labor  for  Kansas .  91 

Farm  Labor,  Government  Bureau.  235 

Farm  Labor  Question . 922,  1097 

Farm  Labor,  Students  for.  .623,  641,  662 

Farm,  Living  on .  463 

Farm  Machinery,  Guaranteed.  .155,  233 

Farm,  Mortgaged,  Buying .  159 

Farm,  Ohio,  Day  on .  971 

Farm  Organization  in  Austria .  683 

Farm,  Outlet  to . ■ . 1027 

Farm  Partnership  . 860,  978.  1008 

Farm,  Picking  Out . 701,  766 

Farm  Politics  . 862,  876 

Farm  Politics  and  Farmers .  917 

Farm  Produce,  Marketing .  386 

Farm  Rotation  .  7 

Farm  Schools  in  North  Carolina..  472 

Farm,  Small  . 189,  394 

Farm,  Small,  well  Tilled .  983 

Farm  Story  .  709 

Farm,  Struggle  for .  269 

Farm,  Southern  . 1049 

Farm  Tenancy  . .  159 

Farm  Tenant  Contracts .  65 

Farm  Tools,  Care  of .  922 

Farm  Truck,  in  N.  J . 843,  984 

Farm  Values  in  Mass,  and  Idaho..  441 

Farm,  Vermont  . 855,  905 

Farms,  Municipal,  California . 1049 

Farms,  N.  Y.  State . 537,  558 

Farms  of  N.  Y.  Central  Railroad..  667 

Farmer  and  "Agriculturist” .  644 

Farmer  and  Production .  1158 

Farmer  and  Public  Markets . 1171 

Farmer,  Dishonest . 1233 

Farmer  from  the  City . 1189 

Farmers  and  Co-operation . 1010 

Farmers  and  Purebred  Stock . 1102 

Farmers  and  Vocational  Education  926 

Farmer,  Birthday  of .  863 

Farmer,  City  . 1022 

Farmer,  Mrs.  Goodell  on .  158 

Farmer  on  Present  Conditions .  122 

Farmer,  State  of . 1022 

Farmers  and  Reciprocity .  500 

Farmers  and  Sport  Money .  631 

Farmers  Club.  Hanover .  468 

Farmers,  College  for .  134 

Farmers’  Day  at  Shortsville .  441 

Farmers  Deal  with  State  Institu¬ 
tions  . 1138 

Farmers,  Direct  Dealing  wth . 1131 

Farmers  Exchange  .  578 

Farmers’  Party,  Need  of . 538,  547 

Farmers,  Rhode  Island,  Meet .  41 


Pages 


Farmer’s  Share  of  Dollar . 158, 

292,  801,  836,  1046 

Farmers  Week  at  Cornell .  316 

Farmhouse,  Kentucky  .  688 

Farming  a  Trade .  961 

Farming  and  Railroads . 1198 

Farming  at  South .  318 

Farming  in  Alaska . 1139 

Farming  in  South . 1192 

Farming  Both  Sides  of  Equator..  985 

Farming,  Dry  Land .  101 

Farming,  Good,  at  South .  157 

Farming  in  Mexico . 704,  741 

Farming  in  Rhode  Island .  816 

Farming  in  Texas .  757 

Farming  in  Virginia .  584 

Farming  or  Trading .  766 

Farming  Under  Difficulties .  721 

Farming  without  Drudgery . ’.  128 

Fat,  Losing  . 964,  1074,  1156 

Feed  Mill,  Buying . 32 

Feeds,  Commercial  . 1028 

Feeds,  Value  of .  332 

Feneo  Line,  Fixing .  682 

Fence  Posts,  Bracing.' . 429,  461 

Fence  Posts,  Concrete.... .  530 

Fence  Post,  Non-Twisting .  186 

Ferns,  Business  in.- .  97 

Fertilizer  Analysis  . 1112 

Fertilizer  and  Soiling  Crops .  310 

Fertilizer,  Carcass  in .  647 

Fertilizer,  Commercial,  Use  of _ 561 

Fertilizer  Contract,  Story  of . 1215 

Fertilizer,  Copper  Tailngs  as .  240 

Fertilizer,  Faulty  .  514 

Fertilizer,  Floats  as .  231 

Fertilizer,  Fool  Talk  About .  395 

Fertilizer  for  Apples .  68 

Fertilizer  for  Asparagus .  608 

Fertilizer  for  Dahlias . 1177 

Fertilizer  for  Grass .  387 

Fertilizer,  for  Orchard . 465,  960 

Fertilizer  for  Potatoes .  31 

Fertilizers  for  Rye  and  Clover....  192 

Fertilizer  for  Small  Fruits .  156 

Fertilizer  for  Strawberry . 836 

Fertilizer  for  Top  Dressing .  604 

Fertilizer  for  Truck .  431 

Fertilizer,  Lava  .  750 

Fertilizer  Law,  Rhode  Island .  40 

Fertilizer,  Liquid  .  582 

Fertilizer  Mixture  .  585 

Fertilizer  Mixtures . 1173 

Fertilizer.  Old  .  98 

Fertilizer  Questions  .  228 

Fertilizer,  Rock  Dust  as .  642 

Fertilizer,  Roekweed  as .  798 

Fertilizer  Tankage  .  713 

Fertilizer  with  Green  Manure .  896 

Fertilizer  Work  in  Vermont . 1023 

Fire  Law,  Connecticut .  645 

Firearms  Law  . 1002 

Fish  as  Fertilizer . 1072 

Fish  Culture  in  Penn .  624 

Fish  for  Poultry .  17 

Fish  in  Nova  Scotia .  625 

Fish  Ponds  and  Power .  801 

Fiss,  Doerr  &  Carroll  Co .  870 

Flagg,  Jared  . 678,  998 

Flax  Diseases  .  435 

Flea  Beetle  on  Potatoes .  330 

Flea  Beetles.  Trap  Nests  for.. 434,  464 

Floats,  Use  of .  237 

Floor  Filler  for .  61 

Floor,  Tar  Paper  and  Cement  for..  558 

Flora  of  Puget  Sound .  499 

Florida,  Conditions  in .  422 

Florida  Dairying  .  38 

Florida  Facts . 1216 

Florida,  Facts  About  .  769 

Florida  Farm,  Buying . 1233 

Florida  Farm  Day . 1159 

Florida  Fruit  Land  Co . 1126 

Florida  Homes  . 1074 

Florida  Land  Fake .  566 

Florida.  Live  Stock  in .  180 

Florida  Notes  _ 10.  166,  202,  238, 

278,  322,  362,  470,  818 

Florida  Water  Power .  566 

Flower  Garden  Enemies .  471 

Flour,  Best  Wheat  for . 1235 

Flowers,  Artificial  Coloring  of .  669 

Fodder  for  Five  Cows .  333 

Food  Adulteration . 1178 

Food  Law  Violations . 1071 

Food,  Pure,  and  Government .  740 

Food,  Sepculation  in .  113 

Foods  in  Tin  Cans .  432 

Forage,  Late  Sown .  834 

Forestry  Tax  Exemption  in  Pa.... 1095 

Fowls,  Lakenvelder  . 1041 

Fowls,  Limberneck  in  .  848 

Fowls.  Roup  in . 1041 

Fowls,  Vertigo  in .  379 

Fowls  with  Roup . 1104 

Franklin  Mdse.  Co . 86.  312 

Freemartins,  What  About .  827 

Freight  Service,  Efficient .  339 

Fruit,  Best  .  688 

Fruit  Buds,  Retarding .  431 

Fruit,  Copyrighting  . 1047 

Fruit,  Farm,  Back  to .  197 

Fruit  Farm,  Indiana .  839 

Fruit  Farm,  New  England . 1047 

Fruit  Farm,  Nova  Scotia .  927 

Fruit  Growers’  Ass’n,  Eastern - 1236 

Fruit  for  Central  N.  J . 965,  981 

Fruit  for  Iowa .  228 

Fruit  for  New  England .  229 

Fruit  for  Northeastern  N.  Y .  563 

Fruits  for  Pennsylvania .  397 

Fruit  for  Virginia .  739 

Fruit  for  Wisconsin .  360 

Fruit  Grower,  Young .  272 

Fruit  Growers,  Conn .  85S 

Fruit  Growers,  N.  Y.  State.. 64,  73,  100 

Fruit  Growers’  Outing .  736 

Fruit.  Growers.  Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y..  843 

Fruit  Growing,  Co-operative .  195 

Fruit  in  Ohio .  547 

Fruit  Ladder  .  469 

Fruit,  Missouri  .  626 

Fruit  Notes  . 495 

Fruit,  Potash  for .  61 

Fruit,  Selling  .  432 

Foote  Soil  Testing  Outfit . 1198 

Fruit  Tree  Restorer .  162 

Fruit  Tree,  Selecting . 1021 

Fruit  Trees,  Best  Size .  309 

Fruit  Trees,  Cheap  Plan  for  Start¬ 
ing  .  157 

Fruit  Trees,  Hope  Farm .  522 

Fruit  Trees,  How  Grown . 

683,  900,  1109 

Fruit  Trees  in  Sod .  516 

Fruit  Trees,  Pedigree .  426 

Fruit  Trees,  Pruning .  513 

Fruit  Trees,  Trademarked . 1152 

Fruit  Trees  with  Crown  Gall .  702 

Fruit  Varieties,  Mixing .  784 

Fruitmore  Orchards  .  260 

•'uel  Outlook .  686 

Gall  on  Tree  Roots, 

734,  750,  752,  766,  782 

Galloway,  Wm .  658 

Galloway,  Wm.  . . 1246 

Ganders  Sing  Tenor  .  51 

Garden,  Cover  Crops  for . 817,  861 

Garden  Crops  .  516 

Garden,  Fertilizer  for  . 624,  685 

Garden,  Florida  .  402 

Garden,  New  Jersey  .  356 

Garden  Notes,  Missouri  .  803 

Garden,  Preparing  for  .  857 

Garden,  Sales  from  .  430 

Garden,  Soil  for  .  584 

Garden,  Wisconsin  .  319 

Garden,  Woman’s  . 1069 

Gardner  Nursery  Co .  534 

Garlic,  Getting  Rid  of  .  687 

Gasoline  Power  for  Mower . 1150 

Gate  Post  Brace  .  360 


Pages 

Gate  Faktener  . 27 

Genealogical  Pub.  Co .  510 

Gillett,  E.  C.,  for  Legislature .  966 

Gladiolus  as  Side  Line  . 1217 

Globe  Association  . 86,  222,  1146 

Goat,  Angora  . 1002 

Goat,  Angora,  in  Maine . 1082 

Goat,  Good  Qualities  of .  910 

Goat,  Milch . 1203 

Goats  vs.  Sheep . 1151 

Goddard,  Charles  .  658 

Golf  Links,  Size  of . , .  624 

Good  Housekeeping  Co .  22 

Good  Housekeeping  Sold .  486 

Gotham  Dairy  Co .  914 

Graft  in  Condensed  Produce .  131 

Grafting  Grapes  .  258 

Grafting  in  Fall  .  431 

Grafting  Plum  and  Peach . 1237 

Grafting  Stock,  Congenial  .  765 

Grain,  Food  Value  of .  869 

Grain  Fumigation  .  270 

Grain  in  Argentina  .  441 

Grain,  Plant  Food  Value  of........  67 

Grain,  Sweat  in  . . 630 

Granary,  Cement  Floor  for . 1133 

Granary,  Vermin  Proof  . 584 

Grange  and  Direct  Primaries .  967 

Grange  and  Reciprocity  .  329 

Grange,  National  . 1158 

Grange,  National . 1179 

Grange,  National,  Officers  . 

Grange,  Trouble  in  . 1098 

Grape  Disease  in  Mexico .  323 

Grape,  Grafting  .  258 

Grape,  Large,  Transplanting .  316 

Grape  Leaf-hopper  .  980 

Grapo  Lueile  .  841 

Grape,  Lucille . 1195 

Grapes  as  Ornamentals  ....821,  925,  945 

Grapes  Injured  by  Cricket .  962 

Grapes,  Lime  Sulphur  on  .  629 

Grape  Prices  . 1063 

Grapes,  Food  Value  of . 1117 

Grapes  as  Food . . . ...1177 

Grapes,  Talk  About .  523 

Grapes,  Training  .  313 

Grapevines,  Transplanting  .  431 

Grapes,  Treatment  of .  30 

Grapes,  Trouble  with  . 707,  753 

Grapevines,  Barren  .  563 

Grass,  Clark  Plan  of . 65,  783 

Grass  Farm,  Developing  .  4 

Grass,  Fertilizer  for  .  387 

Grass,  Preparing  for  .  834 

Grass,  Seeding  in  Corn .  766 

Grass,  Seeding  Without  Grain . 1114 

Grass,  Sowing  in  Spring . 1155 

Grass  Under  Trees  . 1049 

Grasshoppers  and  Turkeys . 1067 

Greece,  Agriculture  In .  58 

Greenhouse  Adjoining  Dwelling.  .11,  124 

Greenhouse,  Farm  . 1091 

Greenhouse  Heated  by  Flue . 1068 

Greenhouse,  Heating  with  Wood, 

1093,  1149,  1154 

Greenhouse,  Sub-Irrigating . 1217 

Greenhouse,  Traveling  . 1237 

Greens,  Christmas  . 1093 

Grocer  on  Prices  .  942 

Grub,  White,  Problem  of.  .705.  857, 

1048,  1069 

Guild  of  Infant  Saviour .  554 

Guinea  Pigs,  Raising .  952 

Guinea  Pigs  as  Lawn  Mowers .  801 

Guineas,  Sex  of .  78 

Gullies,  Filling  .  9S1 

Gtinson,  L.  P .  746 

Hale.  .1.  H.,  as  Railroad  Commis¬ 
sioner  .  324 

Hampton  Columbian  . 1166 

Hampton’s  Magazine  .  954 

Harrison,  W.  P .  510 

Harness,  Farm  . 1091 

Hartmann,  Dr.  Ferdinand .  830 

Harvest,  Novel  .  715 

Hats,  Purchasers  Share  of .  31 

Hawkweed  in  Pasture .  752 

Hawthorne,  Julian  . 974,  1086 

Hay,  Baling  in  Field . 1133 

Hay,  Cost  of  Harvesting .  784 

Hay  Crop  and  Chemicals .  602 

Hay  Crop,  New  York .  767 

Hay  Farm,  Making .  605 

Hay  Hoist  .  874 

Hay,  Housing  . 720,  721,  801 

Hay  Making  in  Illinois .  603 

Hay  Rake,  Cultivating  with .  717 

Hay  Rake,  Side  Delivery . 666,  737 

Hazelnuts  for  Profit . 1069 

Heifer,  Feeding  Before  Calving _ 253 

Heifer,  Care  of . 1182,  1243 

Heifer  with  Defective  Udder .  S46 

Hen  Business,  Woman’s .  16 

Hen  Contest,  Dougan . 713,  777, 

829,  1016,  1125 

Hen  Contest,  Dougan . 1224 

Hen  Contest.  Storrs . 1170,  1211 

Hen  Contest,  Virginia .  505 

Hen  Crop-Bound .  952 

Hen,  Dusting  .  294 

Hen  Feeding,  Cosgrove  on .  481 

Hen  Figures  Analyzed .  480 

Hen  Figures  Criticized .  529 

Hen,  Frost  Proof .  416 

Hen,  Fur-Coated  .  186 

Hen,  Houdan  . 381,  482,  508,  582 

Hen  Law,  Connecticut .  183 

Hen  Law,  North  Carolina .  508 

Hen  Liars  . 1125 

Hen  Lice,  Grease  for . 1224 

Hen  Lice.  Lime  Sulphur  for .  997 

Hen  Manure  and  Lime . 1205 

Hen  Man,  Mapes .  602 

Hen  Man,  Virginia .  180 

Hen  Manure  and  Ashes .  543 

Hen  Manure  as  Fertilizer . 1224 

Hen  Manure  and  Kainit .  809 

Hen  Manure,  Facts  About .  735 

Hen  Manure  for  Corn .  584 

Hen  Manure  for  Garden .  97 

Hen  Manure,  Handling  . 35,  753 

Hen  Manure,  Market  for .  912 

Hen  Manure  on  Fruit .  156 

Hen  Manure,  Saving . 1165 

Hen  Manure,  Use  of .  450 

Hen  Manure,  Value  of .  782 

Hen  Plan.  Mapes .  729 

Hen  Profits  .  538 

Hen  Profits,  Figuring . 1205 

Hen  Ration  . 1059 

Hen  Record,  Dougan . 480,  529, 

616,  656,  912 

Hen  Record.  Study  of . 1245 

Hen,  Rheumatic  .  596 

Hen,  Trouble  with .  761 

Hen  Woman,  Points  for .  125 

Hen,  Woman’s  Report  on .  340 

Hen  Women  .  417 

Hen,  Yawning  .  532 

Hens,  Ailing  .  829 

Hens,  Alfalfa  for .  17 

Hens,  Ancona  or  Leghorn .  933 

Hens  and  Bordeaux  .  450 

Hens  and  Pullets,  Don’t  Mix . 912 

Hens  and  the  Census . 148,  415 

Hens,  Care  of . 1245 

Hens,  Clover  Hay  for . 532 

Hens,  Commuter’s  .  250 

Hens,  Confined  . 1165 

Hens.  Cotton  Seed  for . 1165 

Hens,  Cracklings  for .  250 

Hens,  Early  Hatched .  378 

Pens  Eating  Eggs . 148,  576,  616,  997 

Hens,  Engineer’s . 952,  972,  1016, 

1045,  1145,  1165 

Hens,  Fairy  Tales  About .  873 

Hens,  Fat  and  Lazy .  636 

Hens,  Feather  Pulling . 508,  696 

Hens,  Feather  Trouble  with . 1016 

Hen’s  Feet.  Mud  on .  148 

Hens.  Fighting  .  .  116 

Hens.  Figuring  on  .  380 

Hens,  Good  R.  T.  Reds .  250 


Pages 

Hens,  Happy . 1245 

Hens  Harvest  Grain . 1060 

Hens  in  Dog  Days .  952 

Hens  in  Harness . 874 

Hens  in  Mexico .  688 

Hens  in  Panama .  972 

Hens  in  Small  Flocks .  176 

Hens,  Laying,  Selecting .  164 

Hens,  Lies  About .  912 

Hens,  Litter  for .  250 

Hens,  Maine  .  596 

Hens,  Meat  for . 1165 

Hens,  N.  Y.  Testing . 1060 

Hens,  Nine  Dollar _ 127,  219,  234,  307 

Hens,  Non-Laying  .  218 

Hens  of  Gori  &  Son .  220 

Hens  on  Dairy  Farm . 1073 

Hens  or  Hogs .  306 

H -  ns  or  Sheep  . . . 1213,  1242 

Hens,  Poor  Laying .  532 

Hens,  Selecting  . 656,  746 

Hous,  Silage  for .  729 

Hens,  Sprouted  Oats  for .  380 

Hens,  Sprouted  Oats  for . 1185 

Hens,  Starling  with . 1060 

Hens  That  Lay . 161 

Hens,  Too  Kind  to . 116 

Hens,  Trap-Nesting  .  304 

Hens.  Truth  About .  38 

Hens,  Twelve  Dollar .  508 

Hens  vs.  Cows . 46,  113,  220,  552 

Hen’s  Ways  and  Lays .  939 

Hens,  Weeding  Out . 761,  777 

Hen’s  Wings,  Clipping . 450,  532 

Hen  Coops  . 696 

Henhouse  Arrangement  .  84 

Henhouse,  Cement  .  450 

Henhouse,  Cement  Wall  for . 481 

Henhouse,  Combination  .  61 

Henhouse  Convenience  .  696 

Henhouse,  Cost  of . 1245 

Henhouse  Disinfection  .  481 

Henhouse,  Gambrel  Roof .  200 

Henhouse,  Liceless  . 1016 

Henhouse,  Long  Island . 1060 

Henhouse,  Maryland  .  697 

Henhouse  of  Corrugated  Iron . 1084 

Henhouse,  Open  Front, _ 116,  250,  381 

Henhouse,  Open  Front . 1231 

HenhoOsc,  Paper . 1185 

Henhouse  Plan  .  972 

Henhouse  Queries  . 1104 

Henhouse  Roof  . 952,  997 

Herbs.  Medicinal  .  684 

Hessian  Fly  Notes .  198 

Hickory  Trees  in  Pasture .  771  . 

Hickory  arid  Chestnut  Borers . 1197 

Highway,  Widening  . .  982 

Hillsides,  Fertilizing  .  924 

Hillside  in  Sod . 1071 

Himalaya  Berry  . 71,  351 

Hired  Man,  Firing . 738,  819 

Hoch  &  Co... . . . 69S,  1018 

Hog,  Black  Mammoth .  826 

Hog  Cholera,  Serum  Treatment  for, 

1072,  1162 

Hog  Cholera  Serum . 1182 

Hog,  Mulefoot  . 1111 

Hog  Pasture  and  Spray .  464 

Hog,  Pasture  for .  215 

Hog  Pasture  for  New  Jersey .  296 

Hog  Pasture  in  Maryland . .  212 

Hog  Pasture.  Plan .  219 

Hog.  Profitable  .  694 

Hog  Raising  Notes . 1244 

Hog  Ranch,  Nova  Scotia . 1038 

Hog  Ration  .  414 

Hog  Trough  Convenient . 1038 

Hog,  Which  to  Kill . 1163 

Hog  With  Indigestion .  579 

Hogs,  Beets  for .  847 

Hogs.  Berkshire . 1222 

Hogs,  Best  Location  for .  847 

Hogs,  Butchering  on  Farm . 1122 

Hogs,  Experience  with .  634 

Hogs,  Improvement  In . 1058 

Hogs  in  Corn  Belt .  853 

Hogs  in  Orchard . 172,  320 

Hogs  in  Rough  Land .  99 

Hogs,  Large  Black .  930 

Hogs,  Large  Yorkshire . 1162 

Hogs,  Poland  China .  930 

Hogs  in  Orchard . 1193 

Hogs,  Rape  for .  72 

Hogs,  Snuffles  in .  679 

Hogs,  Tankage  for .  697 

Hogs,  Trouble  with .  375 

Hoghouse  Suggestions  .  484 

Holly,  Culture  of .  565 

Honeysuckles,  Getting  Rid  of .  896 

Hope  Farm  at  Ball  Game . 1052 

Hope  Farm  Crowd .  924 

Hornbeck.  F.  T .  794 

Horse.  Abnormal  Sweating  of .  52 

Horse  and  Frosted  Bit .  303 

Horse  Breeding  .  444 

Horse.'  Blind.  Breeding  from .  763 

Horse  Buying  Guarantee .  618 

Horse  Company,  Farmers’ .  .89,  1S7, 

286,  328.  368,  375,  411.  530,  572,  615 

Horso  Deal.  Connecticut .  426 

Horse,  Feeding  .  413 

Horse  for  Farm  Work .  102 

Horse,  Foundered  .  909 

Horse,  Hackney  .  634 

Horse,  Halter  Pulling . 1227 

Horse,  Hope  Farm,  Lost .  840 

Horse.  Knuckling  . 763,  827 

Horse  Lacks  Appetite .  119 

Horse,  Lame  . IS,  301,  375,  418, 

421.  446.  655 

Horse,  Lame . 1206,  1226 

Horse,  Molasses  for .  418 

Horse,  Moon  Blindness  in . 301,  375 

Horse,  Nervous  .  827 

Horse,  Nettle,  Killing . 1233 

Horse  or  Mule .  581 

Horse,  Old . 1222 

Horse,  Paralyzed  .  849 

Horse,  Paralyzed . 1227 

Horse,  Pawing  .  511 

Horse,  Ration  for .  617 

Horse,  Roaring  .  55 

Horse.  Run  Down .  479 

Horse  Salesman  Talks .  445 

Horse,  Sick  .  860 

Horse.  Sleepy  .  679 

Horse,  Stall  Kicking .  679 

Horse,  Stiff  .  369 

Horse.  Stumbling  .  731 

Horse.  Suffolk  .  581 

Horse  Swindle  . 1918 

Horse  Tears  Blanket . 1182 

Horse,  Thin  . 143.  338.  1085 

Horse,  Thin . 1182 

Horse,  Trembling  .  423 

Horse.  Unnerving  .  140 

Horse,  Vicious  .  55 

Horse  with  Cataract .  369 

Horse  with  Catarrh . 248,  33.8 

Horse  with  Colic .  826 

Horse  with  Cough . Ill,  655 

Horse  with  Cracked  Hoof . 1085 

Horse  with  Diseased  Teeth .  579 

Horse  with  Fistula . 1085 

Horse  with  Grease .  446 

Horse  with  Heaves _ 46,  141,  301, 

375,  418.  487 

Horse  with  Hoof  Trouble .  375 

Horse  with  Indigestion . 528.  579 

Horse  with  Indigestion . 1227 

Horse  with  Lampas .  659 

Horse  with  Lymphangitis .  423 

Horse  with  Lymphangitis . 1243 

Horse  with  Ringbone . 1227 

Horse  with  Skin  Trouble . 1085 

Horse  with  Shoe  Boil .  847 

Horse  with  Spavin . 375,  731 

Horse  with  Springhalt .  511 

Horse  with  Staggers . 301 

Horse  with  Strangles .  52 

Horse  with  Swelling . 1103 

Horse  with  Sweeny . 1227 

Horse  with  Tender  Feet .  413 

Horse  with  Thrush .  375 


Pages 

Horse  with  Tumor .  108 

Horse  with  Weak  Stifles .  699 

Horse  with  Worms . 52,  996 

Horse  with  Worms . 1227 

Horses  at  N.  Y.  State  Fair .  747 

Horses,  Buying  in  New  York .  342 

Horses,  Cornstalks  for .  179 

Horses,  Cottonseed  for . 1184 

Horses,  Draft,  Raising .  90S 

Horses  for  Northern  N.  Y .  78 

Horses,  Mange  in .  826 

Horses,  Millet  for .  763 

Horses,  Oat  and  Pea  Hay  for . 1144 

Horses,  Parasites  in .  172 

Horses,  Ration  for .  573 

Horses,  Runaway,  Damage  from....  377 

Horses,  Winter  Care  of . 1202 

Horses  with  Hard  Hoofs .  655 

Horseradish  and  Dandelions, .  124 

Horseradish,  Handling  .  562 

Horseradish,  Keeping . 1212 

Horseradish,  Killing  .  61 

Horseradish,  Preparing  .  624 

Horseshoes,  Queer  .  677 

Horticultural  Exhibition,  Ontario.  .1193 

Horticultural  Society,  N.  J . 1214 

Horticultural  Society,  Va .  496 

Hotbed,  Cow  Manure  for .  494 

Hotbed.  Filling  for .  392 

House  Drainage  .  390 

Houses  on  Rented  Land . 1027 

Huckleberry  Culture  .  291 

Human  Life  Co .  554 

Human  Piebalds  . . 896 

Humus,  Aerated  .  938 

Humus,  Need  of . 644,  878 

Hypnotism  and  Law . 1027 

Ice  Cream  Farm . 913,  92ft 

Icehouse,  Concrete . 495,  897,  920, 

980,  lilt 

Idaho  Notes  .  900 

Incubators  and  Insurance .  482 

Insurance,  Farm  .  329 

Interim  Receipt,  What  Is .  254 

Inter-State  Employment  Exchange..  3.82 

Iowa  Notes  .  704 

Iron,  Chilled  .  624 

Iron,  Rust  Resisting  .  7 

Irrigation  by  Pumping .  123 

Irrigation,  Human  .  834 

Irrigation  Problem  . 95 

Irrigation,  Skinner  System .  261 

Irwin.  W.  N .  787 

Ivy,  Poison... 605,  625,  644,  838,  932,  941 

Jant.ha  Plantation  Co .  Sin 

Judd,  G.  Adolph .  729 

Judges,  Recall  of .  862 


Kale,  Culture  of .  1154 

Kennedy,  M.  J .  254 

Kumquat,  Australian  ...;. .  545 

K.  W.  Ignition  Co .  342 

Ladder  on  Wheels . 959 

Lady  Bugs,  Corrupt . . . 921 

Lambs,  Early  . 681.  745 

Lambs.  Winter,  Care  of .  368 

Lame  Ducks  in  the  Senate .  708 

Land,  Back  to . 90,  125,  306.  428, 

490,  718,  875,  895 

Land,  Back  to. . 1171 

Land  Boomers . 1218 

Land,  Oooze,  Draining .  718 

Land,  Over-Limed  .  201 

Land,  Poor,  Handling .  683 

Land,  Rent  for .  352 

Land,  Restoring  . 377,  393 

Land  Roller.  Concrete .  235 

Land  Rollers,  Quality  in . . .  95 

Land,  Rough,  Preparing .  379 

Land  Schemes.  Colony .  440 

I, and  Show,  N.  Y . ....1119 

Land,  Swamp,  Eastern . .  659 

Land  Swindle  .  785 

Land  Tax,  German .  472 

Land,  Two  Crops  from .  200 

Land  Title  from  Tax  Sale .  377 

Land,  Washing  .  814 

Larkspur  and  Medicinal  Herbs -  439 

Laundry,  Dav  in . 1215 

Laundry  Work,  Florida . 1130 

Lawn  and  Pine  Trees .  669 

Lawn,  Ants  in . 609 

Lawn,  Arkansas  .  401 

Lawn,  Leaves  on .  11 

Lawn,  Making  . 232 

Lawn,  Nitrate  of  Soda  on .  624 

Lawn,  Plan  for .  403 

Lawn,  Patching  up .  540 

Lawn,  Preparing  for .  684 

Leaves  in  Dry  Streams .  49 

Legislature,  N.  Y.,  Work  of .  818 

Lespedeza  Growers  . 168,  688 

Letter  Chain  . 342,  427 

Lettuce,  Forcing . 1197 

Lewis  and  Courts .  805 

Lewis  and  Development  Co . 1139 

Lewis,  E.  G.,  and  Employees _ 905 

Lewis  and  Fiber  Stopper  Stock....  863 
Lewis,  E.  G.,  and  Government.  .13, 

169.  211,  591 

Lewis  and  Magazine  Subscriptions.  .1119 

Lewis  and  Mr.  York .  486 

Lewis,  E.  G..  and  Paper  Company.  510 

Lewis  and  People’s  Bank . 365 

Lewis  and  People's  Bank. . 1199 

Lewis  and  R.N.-Y . 1179 

Lewis  and  Reorganization  Scheme..  1219 
Lewis,  E.  O.,  and  Poor  People..  441 

Lewis  and  Readers'  Pool .  73 

Lewis  and  Realty  Co .  690 

Lewis  and  Receivership.  ..709,  789,  927 

Lewis,  E.  G.,  and  Regents - 773.  947 

Lewis  and  Reorganization. 631.  651.  1099 

Lewis  and  Senator  Davis .  611 

Lewis  and  Sucker  List .  525 

Lewis  and  U.  S.  Bank .  S83 

Lewis  and  Williams . 1166 

Lewis,  E.  G.,  and  Victims . 967 

Lewis  and  Woman’s  League . 1159 

Lewis,  E..  G.,  Companies  of .  989 

Lewis  Denounces  Officials .  319 

Lewis  in  California .  690 

Lewis  Indicted  .  773 

Lewis  Protects  Advertisers . 1086 

Lewis  Publishing  Schemes .  41 

Lewis,  Trying  to  Swipe  the  Evi¬ 
dence  .  547 

Lice,  Ashes  for . 1165 

Lice,  Gas  Tar  for . 1060 

Lice  on  Calves .  143 

Lice  on  Cattle .  376 

Lice  on  Chicks .  793 

Lice  on  Heifer .  181 

Lice  on  Hens . 450,  676 

Lice  Powder  .  952 

Lice  on  Sow .  179 

Life,  Joy  of . 1030 

Life  Preserver.  Illuminated .  939 

Light  for  Farm  Houses .  318 

Lightning  and  Metal  Roof . 67.  231 

Lightning  and  Trees . 1152 

Lightning  Rod  Fake .  678 

Lightning  Rod  Man . 718,  746,  766 

Lightning  Rod  Questions . 833,  93S 

Lily  Troubles  . 1053 

Lime  and  Acid  Phosphate . 1169 

Lime  and  Manure .  59 

Lime  on  Old  Land . 1196 

Lime  and  Potatoes . 434,  435 

Lime  and  Sawdust .  198 

Lime  and  Strawberries .  28 

Lime,  Applying  .  429 

Lime,  Chief  Function  of . 1089 

Lime,  Different  Forms  of . 28,  582 

Lime,  Discussion  of .  186 

Lime  Dust  .  858 

Lime,  Effects  of .  664 

Lime,  Experience  with . 426 

Lime  Exposed  to  Weather . 133 

Lime  for  Cabbage .  66 

Lime  for  Heating . 1165 

Lime  for  Peas  and  Asters .  388 

Lime  from  Acetylene  Waste .  514 

Lime  from  Illinois  Penitentiary _ 1032 

Lime.  Increased  Use  of .  472 


INDEX.— THE  BUBAL  NP'W-YOBEFB 


iii 


Pages 

Lime  in  Manure  Spreader . 513 

Lime,  Legumes  and  Drainage .  90 

Lime  on  Beans . . . 1007 

Lime  on  Meadow . . .  164 

Lime  on  Potatoes . . . 5S7 

Lime  on  Surface . 1007 

Lime  or  Limestone .  163 

Lime,  Season  for .  882 

Lime,  Self  Burning .  915 

Lime,  Slaking  . 433,  560,  582 

Lime,  Story  of .  859 

Lime-Sulpliur  and  Arsenate. ..  .464,  491 

Lime-Sulphur  and  Bordeaux .  521 

Lime-Sulphur  and  Paint  .  818 

Lime-Sulphur  and  Peach  Rot .  57 

Lime-Sulhur  as  Siieep  Dip .  738 

Lime-Sulphur,  Concentrated . 261, 

100,  513 

Lime-Sulphur  Concentrated . 1211 

Lime-Sulphur,  Cost  of .  583 

Lime-Sulphur  for  Blister  Mite .  833 

Lime-Sulphur  for  Oyster  Shell  Scale  60 

Lime-Sulphur  for  Peaches . 513 

Lirae-Sulphur  for  Potatoes .  647 

Lime-Sulphur,  Homemade  .  465 

Lime-Sulphur  Injury  .  28 

Lime-Sulphur,  Left  Over . 192,  439 

Lime-Sulphur,  Making  .  160 

Lime-Sulphur  on  rapes .  629 

Lime-Sulphur  or  Bordeaux .  568 

Lime-Sulphur  Questions  .  360 

Lime-Sulphur  Sediment  in..'. .  388 

Lime-Sulphur  Strainer  . 276 

Lime,  Too  Much .  98 

Lime,  Use  of . 3S7,  491 

Lime,  Water  Slaked .  299 

Lime  with  Grass  Seeding .  922 

Lime,  Winter  Use  of . 1027,  1095 

Limestone,  Arguments  for .  9 

Limestone,  Ground  .  607 

Liquor  Habit,  Curing . 1066 

Live  Stock,  Feeding  Shed  for _  958 

Live  Stock  Breeder’s  Problem . 1212 

Live  Stock  Improvement .  550 

Live  Stock  in  Ohio .  505 

Live  Stock  in  South .  571 

Live  Stock  in  Sprayed  Orchards....  516 

Live  Stock  in  Straw  Sheds .  16 

Live  Stock,  Pampering .  478 

Live  Stock,  Promising .  427 

Live  Stock,  Purebred . 338,  573,  654 

Live  Stock  Show,  Chicago .  108 

Living,  Cost  of . .  720 

Living,  Philosophy  of .  782 

Locomotive  Engineering,  School  of.  1233 

Locusts,  17-Year . 270,  364,  688,  722 

Louse  Killer  for  Poultry .  379 

Lumber  for  Dakota .  192 

Magazine  Publishers  Stock . 618,  971 

Maine  and  Prohibition . 901,  966 

Man,  Productive  Power  of .  191 

Man,  Young,  Advice  to .  134 

Mango,  Culture  of .  167 

Mango,  Mulgoba  .  151 

Manhattan  Properties  Co .  658 

Manufacturers  Sales  Information 

Ass’n  .  850 

Manure  and  Tobacco  Stems . 233 

Manure,  Ashes  and  Bone  .  351 

Manure,  Chemicals  with .  582 

Manure,  Composition  of .  877 

Manure,  Cow,  for  Hotbed .  191 

Manure,  Fermentation  of .  896 

Manure  from  City .  374 

Manure  from  Stockyards .  190 

Manure,  Green  Crop  for .  560 

Manure,  Green,  Vetch  as .  350 

Manure,  Handling  . 622,  661 

Manure,  Liquid,  Using .  921 

Manuro  Loader,  Homemade .  889 

Manure,  Old  .  1114 

Manure  on  Stubble .  421 

Manure  or  Fertilizer .  565 

Manure  Spreader.  .334,  361,  432,  162,  561 

Manure  Spreader,  Both  Sides  of _ 196 

Manure  Piling  or  Spreading . 99,  582 

Manure,  Value  of . 1175 

Manure,  Where  to  Put .  427 

Maple,  Birds-eye  . 1027 

Maple  Trees,  Trouble  with .  769 

Maple  Worms  . 701 

Mapes  and  His  Hens .  602 

Mare,  Lame  . 1122 

Mare,  Mi  Ik  less  .  699 

Mare,  Percheron,  as  Investment.  .83,  115 

Market  at  Erie,  Pa . 1076 

Market  at  South  Bend,  Ind _ 912,  1006 

Market  Wagon,  Loading .  979 

Market,  Public,  in  Illinois . 1111 

Marketing,  Co-operative. ..  .386,  427.  157 

Marketman’s  Side  .  2 

Martine,  James  E .  168 

Maryland,  Conditions  in .  463 

Massachusetts,  Conditions  in .  920 

May,  L.  L .  778 

McCIanahan,  J.  T . . .  382 

McKee.  Chas.  B .  54 

McKnight  Realty  Co .  222 

Meadow,  Damaged  by  Fire _ _  611 

Meadows,  Working  Over .  585 

Meat  or  Milk.  Cost  of .  Ill 

Meat.  Situation.  Western  .  48 

Mechanics  Bld’g  Ass’n . .  254 

Melon,  Casaba  .  279 

Melons,  Starting  .  430 

Met.  Live  Stock  Ins.  Co .  222 

Mexican  Patriot  .  836 

Mice  and  Trees .  609 

Michigan,  Conditions  In.  . .  751 

Middleman  Question  . 539,  816 

Middlemen,  Toll  of . 1191 

Mignonette  and  Ants .  903 

Mignonette  Culture  .  589 

Milk,  Abnormal  .  S67 

Milk  and  Pork  Rations .  Ill 

Milk  and  Park  Rations .  Ill 

Milk  and  Rape .  333 

Milk  and  Purebred  Cattle . . . 1202 

Milk  and  Silage .  S46 

Milk,  Babcock  Test  for .  744 

Milk,  Bacterial  Count  in .  886 

Milk  Bill.  Ellis . 1164 

Milk  Bill,  Foley . 251,  420,  509 

Milk,  Bitter  .  49 

Milk,  Bloody  .  338 

Milk,  Borden  Prices . 1061 

Milk,  Boston  .  251 

Milk  Case,  Bellows _ 40,  650,  657,  712 

Milk,  Color  of .  674 

Milk  Commission  N.  Y.  State .  411 

Milk  Contract  .  637 

Milk  Cooked  .  786 

Milk,  Co-operation  in... . 953 

Milk,  Cost  of .  119 

Milk,  Does  it  Rob  Farm .  210 

Milk,  Dried,  as  Starter .  597 

Milk  Flow,  Increasing .  114 

Milk  Flow,  Reduced .  49 

Milk,  Guernsey,  Color  of .  722 

Milk,  Hauling  . .• .  449 

Milk  Hold-up  . 1040 

Milk,  Improving . 1183 

Milk  Improvement  .  895 

Milk  in  Massachusetts . 293,  911 

Milk  in  New  England . 483,  1143 

Milk  in  Ohio . 615,  1017 

Milk  in  Rhode  Island .  973 

Milk  Inspection  . 597,  1164 

Milk  Inspection,  Buffalo .  695 

Milk  Inspection  Story .  637 

Milk  Inspectors  Score  Card . 1083 

Milk  Inspectors,  Work  of.. 846,  887,  913 

Milk,  Massachusetts.  ..597,  657,  695, 

776,  80S,  1083 

Milk,  Massachusetts . 1244 

Milk,  Money  in .  842 

Milk,  New  Grading  Law . 1244 

Milk  Organization  Proposed . 1040 

Milk  Prices,  Borden . 1105 

Milk  Prices,  Mapes  on .  973 

Milk  Produced  at  a  Loss .  143 

Milk  Ration  with  Brewers'  Grains.  657 
Milk  Score,  Correspondence  Over..  995 
Milk  Scores  Compared . 1015 


Pages 

Milk  Selling  and  Co-operation....  744 

Milk,  Separating  .  595 

Milk  Situation  . 204 

Milk  Station,  Demonstration.  .797,  815 

Milk  Stringy  . 623 

Milk,  Tax  on .  573 

Milk  Tests,  Varying .  760 

Milk  Trust,  Indicted .  677 

Milk,  Value  of . . .  674 

Milk,  Yellow,  Feeding  for .  414 

Milking  Machines  .  79 

Miller  as  Middleman . 1130 

Miller  as  Middleman . ,...1175 

Miller  as  Middleman . 1210 

Millet  and  Cow  Peas .  421 

Millet  Crop  .  651 

Millet,  Crop  to  Follow .  922 

Millet  for  Horses . 1214 

Millet,  Hungarian  .  563 

Miner  Digs  Out  Farm . 221,  252 

Mining  Stocks  .  664 

Mink  Story  .  374 

Mississippi,  Conditions  in .  902 

Molasses  for  Stock .  847 

Moles  and  Castor  Beans .  684 

Moles  in  Lawn . 644 

Moles,  Trapping  .  683 

Monaton  Realty  Co . 118 

Montbretias,  Treatment  of . 1053 

Moore  Seed  Co .  182 

Morse,  Chas.  W .  670 

Mortgage,  Fake  .  938 

Mosquito  Nuisance  . 440,  610 

Mosquitoes  and  Disease .  568 

Mosquitoes,  Fumigating  .  377 

Motley,  W.  G .  534 

Motor  for  Small  Farm .  188 

Mounds  in  Pastures . 1070 

Muck  and  Leaf  Mould . 1025 

Muck,  Handling  .  35s 

Muck,  Lime  for .  320 

Muck,  Use  of . . . 721,  798 

Mulberry,  Barren  . 1133. 

Mule  or  Cow .  444 

Mule  Raising  .  557 

Mule  with  Chorea .  867 

Mule  with  Indigestion . . . 1103 

Mule  with  Tetanus .  413 

Mule  with  Warts .  21 

Mules,  Veteran  .  655 

Mushroom  Spawn.  Making . 1112 

Mussel  Shell  as  Fertilizer .  587 

Myriek,  Herbert  . 554,  638,  698 

National  Conservation  Congress....  946 

National  Co-operative  Co .  54 

National  Post  .  850 

National  Soil  Fertility  League.. 811,  883 

National  Trust  Co .  118 

Muskmelons  in  Utah . 1197 

Navy,  Life  in. .  38 

Nebraska,  Life  in .  365 

Nebraska  Sand  Hills . 607,  664 


Pages 

Paeonies  Fail  to  Flower . 739 

Paint  Brush,  Killing . 723,  896 

Paint,  Cheap  . 400,  493 

Pansies.  Protecting  .  987 

Paper  from  Bananas .  819 

Paraguay  Tea  . 162 

Parcels  Post  and  Storekeepers .  59 

Parcels  Post  Argument . 627 

Parcels  Post  Convert .  331 

Parcels  Post,  Enemies  of . 1230 

Parcels  Post  in  England . .  306 

Parcels  Post  in  Germany . 1218 

Parcels  Post  in  Persia .  822 

Parcels  Post,  Killed  by  Congress..  404 

Parcels  Post,  Need  of . .  686 

Parcels  Post,  Notes  on . .  181 

Parcels  Post,  Opposition  to.. 72,  73,  121 

Parcels  Post  Plan . 1130 

Parcels  Post,  Rural  Carrier  on....  186 

Parcels  Post  Suggestions .  33 

Paris  Markets  .  831 

Parsley,  Turnip-Rooted  .  353 

Passiflora  Incarnata  . 71,  987 

Pasture,  Fertilizer  for .  564 

Pasture,  Mounds  in .  996 

Pasture,  Restoring  . 1007,  1114 

Pasture,  Shade  Trees  for .  306 

Pasture,  Spring  Rye  as . 194 

Pea  Vines,  Plowing  Under _ 702,  960 

Peas  Before  Potatoes . . . 428 

Peas,  Canada,  as  Fodder .  971 

Peas,  Cow  and  Canada .  546 

Peas,  Cow,  and  Clover .  97 

Peas,  Cow,  and  Oats .  188 

Peas,  Cow,  for  Hay .  162 

Peas,  Harrowing  in . 585 

Peas,  Plowing  Under . 

Peach  Borers  . 

Poach  Borers  and  Spiders . 

Peach,  Brown  Rot  in .  57 

Peach  Buds,  Condition  of . 

Peach  Budding  . 

Peach,  Carman  . 

Peach  Crop,  Handling  .  564 

Peach  Crop  in  Baseball .  435 

Peach,  Feitcheng  . .  755 

Peach,  Good  Late . 1133 

Peach,  Grafting  . H55 

Peach  Gummosis  . 1237 

Peach,  Hale,  New . 1117 

Peach,  Haleborta  . 1047 

Peach,  Late  Yellow  Wanted .  987 

Peach,  Million  Dollar, .  979 

Peach  Orchard.  Crimson  Clover  in.  320 

Peach  Orchard,  Mulching .  403 

Peach,  Picquot’s  Late . . 1217 

Peach  Pits,  Planting,. . .  903 

Peach,  Pruning  . 1051 

Peach  Seedlings,  Growing .  919 

Peach  Seeds,  California . : . 1197 

Peach,  Snow's  Orange . 1192 

Peach,  Sprays  for .  543 


New  York,  Farming  in. 


Nicotine  as  Insecticide . 

Nightshade  Poisons  Cattle . 

Nightsoil,  Using  . 2 

Nitrate  on  Lawn . 

Nitrate  for  Strawberries . 

Nitrate  with  Manure . 


Nitrogen,  Artificial 


831 

Poach  Trees,  Ailing . 

.  982 

630 

Peach  Trees,  Barren . 

510 

Poach  Trees,  Crops  in... 

.  339 

662 

Poach  Trees,  Cutting  Back . 

4 

383 

Peach  Trees,  Dishorning . 

.  665 

705 

Peach  Trees  for  Fillers . 

1022 

Peach  Trees  on  Wild  Roots . 

.  262 

361 

Peach  Trees,  Sprouts  on . 

.  704 

621 

Peach  Trees,  Trouble  with... 

.  737 

363 

Peach  Yellows  and  Lime  Sulphur. 

.  383 

Poaches  for  Central  N.  Y... 

.1 114 

543 

Peaches  for  Central  N.  Y.... 

.1210 

66 

Peaches  for  Indiana . 

Peaches  for  Pennsylvania .  237 

Peaches  in  Massachusetts .  11 

Peaches,  Mulching  .  39 

Peaches,  New,  from  Texas . 1110 

Peaches,  Overfeeding  .  785 

Peaches,  Protecting  in  Winter .  102 

Peaches,  Rank  Growth  of .  320 

Peaches,  Treatment  of .  30 

Peaches,  Trouble  with .  925 

Peaches  vs.  Grain  and  Hay .  874 

Peaches,  Wrong  Spray  for .  925 

_  .  ,  Peanut  in  Indiana .  918 

Oat  and  Pea  Hay .  383  Pear,  Bartlett  on  Kieffer .  315 


Nursery  Business,  Guflln .  717 

Nursery  Stock,  Order  for .  783 

Nursery  Tree  Question . 1192 

Nursery  Trees,  Misfit . 1211 

Nurserymen  and  Orders .  762 

Nut  Growing  in  North . 317,  357 

Nuts  in  the  North .  903 

Nut  Planting,  Plea  for . 1031 

Nuts,  Seedling  .  28 

Nuts,  Trade  in .  404 

Nuts,  When  to  Plant .  132 


Oat  Crop  . 999 

Oat  Crop,  N.  Y .  90 

Oat  Hay,  Value  of .  573 

Oats  Among  Strawberries.978,  1006,  1133 

Oats  and  Peas  as  Cover  Crop .  29 

Oats  and  Peas.  Following .  819 

Oats  and  Peas  for  Grain .  92 

Oats,  Bleached  . 181,  821 

Oats,  Fall  Seeding  of . S80,  960,  964 

Oats,  Fried  .  445 

Oats  in  Maryland .  358 

Oats,  Oregon  .  231 

Oats,  Preparing  for . 541,  1027 

Oats,  Self  Sown .  431 

Oats,  Sprouted,  for  Chicks .  61 

Oats,  Two  Crops  of . 1093 

O’ Gorman,  James  A .  500 

Oleo,  Poisonous . 1223 

Oleo,  Senator  .  483 

Onion  Maggot,  Imported .  430 

Onion  Seed,  Crop  of .  263 

Onion  Sets  .  462 

Onion  Smut  Prevention .  540 

Onions,  Cost  of  Acre .  9.35 

Onions,  Failure  with . 103,  383 

Onions  from  Sets .  34.3 

Onions  in  Milk .  483 

Onions  on  Sod . 348 

Onions,  Preparing  for .  126 

Onions,  Prizetaker  .  402 

Onions,  Wild  .  943 

Onions,  Wintering  .  980 

Onions,  Succession  of .  704 

Opossums,  Development  of .  666 

Orange,  I.aue  Gim  Gong .  689 

Orchard  and  Farm  Fertility .  355 

Orchards  and  Taxation . 29,  121 

Orchard,  Beans  in .  62 

Orchard,  Best  Slope  for .  383 

Orchard  Brush  Burner .  264 

Orchard,  Care  of .  236 

Orchard,  Cost  of .  538 

Orchard  Cost . 121 6 

Orchard,  Cover  Crops  in . 624,  941 

Orchard  Cultivation  .  924 

Orchard  Damaged  by  Fire .  921 

Orchard  Demonstration,  Penn . 1005 

Orchard,  Fertilizer  for .  960 

Orchard  for  Hog  Pasture .  172 

Orchard  Heating  . 34,  124 

Orchard  Heating  in  California.  .227,  355 

Orchard  Heating  in  Maryland .  130 

Orchard  Heating  with  Natural  Gas, 

900.  979 

Orchard,  Hens  and  Hogs  in . 1193 

Orchard,  Investing  in .  469 

Orchard  Land.  Leasing .  349 

Orchard,  Laying  Out . 978,  1046 

Orchard,  Laying  Out .  978 

Orchard,  Money  in .  683 

Orchard,  Mulched  . 939 

Orchard  of  One  Year  Trees . 1067 

Orchard.  Old,  Handling .  436 

Orchard  on  Rocky  Land .  388 

Orchard  on  Shares . 1130 

Orchard  Planting,  Plan . 268,  918 

Orchard.  Poor  Drainage  of . 1093 

Orchard  Prizes  .  405 

Orchard  Pruning  in  Summer .  937 

Orchard,  Rye  in .  685 

Orchard,  Rye  and  Vetch  in .  684 

Orchard,  Redeemed  .  837 

Orchard,  Resodding  .  131 

Orchard,  Unit  . 650,  904 

Orchards,  Unit . 1175 

Orchard,  Value  of . 1007 

Oregon,  Conditions  in .  240 

Ostrander.  W.  M . 678,  890 

Ox  and  Horse  Team . 1082 

Ox  in  Harness . 517 

Ox  Yoke  .  447 

Oxen.  Feed  for .  114 

Oxen  for  Work .  208 

Oxen,  Ohio  .  886 

Packages.  Unclaimed,  Sale  of....  460 

Paeony  Disease  .  689 


Pear,  Douglas  .  59 

Pear,  Kieffer,  Grafting . 1217 

Pear,  Oriental,  as  Stock .  437 

Pear,  Seedless  . mj 

Pear  Tree,  Winter  Killed .  312 

Pears  for  Maine . 104,8 

Pears.  Grafting  . 1137 

Pears  in  Michigan .  563 

Pears.  Knotty  'Fruit  on .  460 

Peat,  Plant  Food  in .  192 

Pecan  Trees  in  North .  156 

Pecans  in  Kansas .  493 

Pecans  in  Mexico . 1217 

Pecans  in  New  Jersey .  96 

Pecans  in  New  York .  132 

Pecans,  Notes  on . 1070 

Peerless  Steam  Washer .  698 

Pennsylvania  Conditions  .  898 

Pennsylvania  Notes  .  940 

Persimmons,  Grafting  .  460 

Persimmons  in  Indiana . 1046 

Peruvian  Rain  Tree . 1137 

Peterson,  E.  0 .  934 

Petroleum  Cement  .  97 

Phosphate  Land,  Government .  547 

Pig  Experience  .  574 

Pig  Ruptured  .  421 

Pig  Thriftless  .  172 

Pig  with  Cough .  659 

Pig  with  Fits .  83 

Pigs  and  Molasses .  572 

Pigs,  Black  Teeth  in .  413 

Pigs,  Feeding  .  539 

Pigs,  Fits  in .  286 

Pigs,  Lame  . 412,  505 

Pigs,  Large  Black . ’  886 

Pigs  on  Purchased  Feed .  694 

Pigs,  Spring  Pasture  for .  112 

Pigs  with  Eczema .  141 

Pigs  with  Rickets.. 52,  338,  371,  418,  528 

Pigs  with  Rickets . 1243 

Pigs  with  Skin  Disease .  827 

Pigs  with  Thumps . 511,  1122 

Pigs,  Unthrifty  .  932 

Pigweed  as  Greens .  737 

Pigeons,  Catching  .  294 

Pigeons,  Trespassing  . 133 

Pine  Heights  Co .  54 

Pine,  Planting  . 1025 

Pineapples,  Selling  .  756 

Pioneer  Land  Co . 342,  554 

Plant  Beds,  Sterilizing .  425 

Plant  Food,  Search  for . 1118 

Plant  Food,  Waste  in . 1235 

Plant  Lice.  Black . 1115 

Plants.  Hardiness  of .  723 

Plants,  Inter-Pollination  of .  689 

Plants,  Layering  .  664 

Plants,  New  . . . 686,  1152 

Plants,  Transplanting  by  Machine..  751 

Plapso  Laboratories  . 1042 

Plaster  as  Fertilizer . 1007 

Plaster,  Use  of .  346 

Plows,  Hillside . 1216 

Plows,  Walking  or  Riding . 1023 

Plowing,  Fall  .  70 

Plowing,  Fall . 1190 

Plowing  Match,  Canadian . 1153 

Plowing  with  Motor . 1231 

Plum,  Abundance,  Origin  of.. 394,  499 

Plum.  Earliest  of  All . 1157 

Plum,  Gonzales  . 1157 

Plum  Leaves,  Damaged .  647 

Plum.  Moores’  Arctic . 1048 

Plum  Tree,  Unfruitful .  717 

Plum  Trees,  Barren .  646 

Plum,  Waugh  . 1157 

Plums.  Black  Knot  in . . . 259 

Plums  for  Pennsylvania.,..: .  237 

Plums.  Grafting  .  861 

Plums,  Hansen’s  Hybrid . 1025 

Plums  in  S.-W.  Missouri . 1009 

Plums,  Japan  . /. .  390 

Plums,  Japan,  in  California .  739 

Plums,  Japan,  Notes' on . 540,  1157 

Plums,  New,  from  Dakota . 1092 


Pages 

Plums  with  Black  Knot .  752 

Bornological  Society,  American. 311,  351 

Ponies,  Breeding  . 1058 

Pork,  Cook  Well .  395 

Post,  Digging  Out .  983 

Post  Office  Deficit .  590 

Postage  in  England  and  Canada....  2 

Postmasters,  Duty  of .  943 

Potash,  American  . m2 

Potash  Controversy  .  404 

Potash  for  Corn .  235 

Potash  for  Fruit .  61 

Potash  in  Canada .  40 

Potomac  Refining  Co .  86 

Potato  Blight  .  203 

Potato  Blight,  Lime-Sulphur  for..  705 

Potato  Boom,  Maine .  126 

Potato  Breeding,  Year’s  Work  in..  559 

Potato  Bug,  Old-Fashioned .  785 

Potato  Crop,  Cost  of .  154 

Potato  Crop,  Large .  9 

Potato  Crop,  Ohio .  29 

Potato  Digger,  Champion .  .199,  280, 

346,  492,  493 

Potato  Experiment  .  393 

Potato  Growing  in  California .  27 

Potato,  Improving  . 663 

Potato  Market  and  Quality .  464 

Potato  Notes  .  492 

Potato  Notes,  Colorado .  643 

Potato  Outlook  .  473 

Potato  Questions  .  133 

Potato  Scab  .  308 

Potato  Scab  and  Ashes .  398 

Potato  Scab,  Facts  About . 1046 

Potato  Seed,  Large  or  Small .  93 

.  257 


.  687 

Potato 

Seed, 

Northern. . . . 

,  630 

Potato 

Seed 

Question. . . . 

.  684 

Potato 

Seed, 

Selecting. . . . 

Potato 

Seed, 

Soaking. . . . 

.  492 

Potato 

Story 

.1117 

Potato 

Story, 

I  .large . 

.1031 

Potatoe 

s  and 

Grubs . 

31 

412 

988 

564 


Potatoes  and  Lime .  587 

Potatoes  and  Lime  Sulphur .  647 

Potatoes  in  fndianapolis.1021,  1054,  1070 

Potatoes,  Fertilizer  for . 

Potatoes  for  Cows . 

Potatoes,  Foreign  . 

Potatoes,  French  Fried . . 

Potatoes,  Lime-Sulphur  on . :  626 

Potatoes,  Planting  by  Hand .  518 

Potatoes,  Planting  Eye  Down .  667 

Potatoes,  Preparing  for . 92,  560 

Potatoes  Run  to  Top . 1176 

Potatoes  Run  to  Vines .  840 

Potatoes,  Seedling  .  400 

-Potatoes,  Selling  Direct .  36 

Potatoes,  Sprayed  .  821 

Potatoes,  Sprouting  .  431 

Potatoes,  Sun-Sprouted  .  300 

Potatoes,  Sweet,  Keeping. . 1173 

Potatoes,  Too  Large .  379 

Potatoes  Under  Straw . 98.  193,  267 

Potatoes,  Working  While  Wet _  784 

Poultry  and  Salt .  55 

Poultry  and  Spoiled  Meat . 1125 

Poultry  Association,  New .  676 

Poultry  at  N.  Y.  State  Fair .  970 

Poultry,  Beef  Scrap  for .  933 

Poultry,  Buckwheat  for .  84 

Poultry,  Close  Kept .  868 

Poultry  Contest,  Connecticut.  .1145,  1150 

Poultry,  Cooked  Feed  for .  340 

Poultry  Contracts.  Breaking.  .946,  1084 

Poultry,  Cornish  Indian . 829,  972 

Poultry,  Damaged  Barley  for .  793 

Poultry,  Expressage  on . 1185 

Poultry,  Fish  for .  17 

Poultry  Farm,  Willow  Wall .  153 

Poultry  House,  Handy . 335.  378 

Poultry  House,  Shavings  In .  340 

Poultry  Houses,  Stone .  340 

Poultry  in  Germany .  415 

Poultry  in  Small  Runs .  51 

Poultry,  Labor  In  Care  of .  952 

Poultry,  Line  Breeding . 478.  933 

Poultry,  Meat  for .  745 

Poultry,  Mustard  for .  17 

Poultry  Plant,  W.  Va . 174,  399 

Poultry,  Plymouth  Rock .  642 

Poultry,  Proportion  of  Males . 1165 

Poultry,  R.  I.  Red .  78 

Poultry,  Roup  Remedy .  340 

Poultry  Selection  .  176 

Poultry  Show,  Maryland .  151 

Poultry  Show,  N.  Y .  51 

Poultry,  Sprouted  Oats  for .  51 

Poultry  Storage,  Farm . 1245 

Poultry,  Tax  on .  745 

Poultry  Test  .  912 

Poultry,  Thanksgiving  . 1127 

Poultry,  Utility,  Judging . 1084 

Poultry,  Utility,  Judging . 1224 

Poultry.  Whole  or  Cracked  Corn  for  933 

Poultry  with  Limberneck .  868 

Poultry,  Yellow  Clover  for .  17 

Poultryman’s  Friend  .  294 

Powder  Refuse  .  469 

President  Taft  and  Grange .  946 

Primary,  Direct,  In  Maine . 1111 

Primary,  Gov.  Wilson  on .  104 

Primary  in  New  Jersey . 988 

Privet  Hedge,  Arching .  739 

Privet  and  Mice . 1135 

Privet,  Planting  .  840 

Privet,  Transplanting  .  352 

Produce.  Direct  Sale  of . 959,  1023 

Prune  Growing  in  Oregon .  353 

Prunes  In  Michigan .  861 

Pruning  Fruit  Trees .  513 

Pruning,  Philosophy  or .  945 

Pruning,  Summer  .  937 

Pullets  as  Breeders . 1104,  1125 

Pullets,  Leghorn,  History  of . 1104 

Pullets,  Good  Virginia  .  713 

Pullet,  Precocious  . 1041 

Pullets  as  Breeders . 1165 

Pullets,  When  Lay . 133,  868 

Pullets,  Work  of .  888 

Pumping  Questions  .  361 

Pumpkin-Squash  Hybrid  .  267 

Pumpkins,  Keeping  . 1114 

Ptislev  for  Hens .  848 

Purtelle,  Eugene  .  150 

Putty  Making  .  192 

Quack,  Killing  . 129,  352,  943 

Quince,  Barren  . 388,  565 

Quinco  Culture  .  686 

Quince  Culture . 1176 

Quinces,  Early  Bearing .  439 

Quinces.  Treatment  of .  30 

Ouinn-Campbell  Conservatory .  830 

Rabbit  Manure  .  298 

Rabbits  and  Trees .  92 

Rabbits,  Protection  Against .  36 

Raccoons,  No  Law  on .  379 

Railroad  Farm.  Figures  of . 1005 

Railroads  and  Freight  Rates .  324 

Railroads  and  Money  Interests. ..  .1206 

Railroads  and  Weight .  939 

Railroads  Assisting  Farmers .  72 

Railways  in  Canada .  104 

Ram  Paralyzed  .  172 

Ram,  Thin  .  731 

Rape  as  Cover  Crop .  664 

Rape  as  Pasture .  371 

Rape,  Failure  with .  585 

Rape,  Facts  About .  910 

Rape  for  Hen  Pasture .  164 

Rape  for  Hog  Pasture . 72,  296 

Rape  for  Sheep  Feeding .  78 

Rape  for  Summer  Silage .  465 

Rape  in  Canada .  208 

Rape.  Seeding  .  346 

Raspberry  Culture  .  437 

Raspberry  Rust  .  858 

Raspberry.  St.  Regis .  787 

Raspberry  Tips.  Rooting .  945 

Raspberries,  Growing  .  437 

Raspberries,  New  Hybrid .  903 

Raspberries,  Propagating  . 1154 

Raspberries,  Trouble  with .  463 

Ration  for  Large  Cows  .  291 


Pages 

Ration  for  Milk .  291 

Rats,  Mice  and  Hens .  558 

Reciprocity  and  Parcels  Post .  546 

Reciprocity  and  President  Taft....  280 

Reciprocity,  Farmer  on .  379 

Reciprocity,  Henry  Wallace  on _  404 

Reciprocity  with  Canada..  199,  204, 

240,  280,  472,  966 

Record,  Plan  for .  . .  194 

Redheads  at  Hope  Farm . 964,  1096 

Repp.  A.  T.,  Orchards  of .  946 

Retailers  Combining  .  935 

Rhubarb  Culture  .  203 

Rice  Bros . .' .  934 

Rich  and  Everetsen .  298 

Richardson,  A . .  454 

Right  of  Way .  159 

Roach,  Henry  N . 578 

Road  Drag,  King . 395,  439 

Road  Drag.  Use  of . 1095 

Road,  Private,  Repairing .  159 

Robin,  Joseph  G .  113 

Rochester  Nursery  Co . 1106 

Roof,  Cement  .  687 

Roof  of  Poultry  House .  997 

Roof,  Galvanized,  Water  from _ 106S 

Rooster,  Dishorning  . 1104 

Rooster.  Removing  Spurs . 1185 

Rope,  Kinky  - 624,  686,  731,  819,  111) 

Roof,  Cement  .  227 

Roof,  Metal,  and  Lightning .  231 

Roots,  Depth  of . 1213 

Roots,  Sandy,  and  Cow’s  Teeth . .  421 

Rope,  Kink  in . 1212 

Rose,  Baby  Rambler . 1137 

Rose  Bugs,  Handling .  358 

Roso  Bugs,  Poison  for .  629 

Roses,  Black  Spot  and  Mildew  on..Jj£7 

Roses,  Cool  Greenhouse  for .  103 

Roses,  Protecting  .  jjgi 

Roses,-  Securing  to  Walls .  685 

Roses,  Soil  for .  664 

Roses,  Talk  About .  771 

Roses,  Tlirips  on . 737 

Rubber  from  Milkweed . !!!.!  739 

Rubber  Plant,  Topping . 1115 

Rubber  Tree,  Hardy .  821 

Rubber,  Valorizing  .  655 

Rye  as  Cover  Crop . 737,  1025 

Rye  as  Green  Manure . 232 

Rye,  Experience  with . 1131 

Rye  for  Silo . 586,  606 

Rye,  Late  Seeded .  413 

Rye  or  Oats . ’’  3gj 

Rye,  Plowing  Under . 1005 

Saccharin,  Use  of .  854 

Sacramento  Valley  Improvement  Co. 

4aJ,  890 

Salt  as  Fertilizer . 820,  840 

Salvia  Notes  . 195 

Samuels,  Prof . "n66 

Sap,  Boiling  .  61 

Sapota,  White  . 1031 

Sawdust,  as  Mulch . 125,  388 

Sawdust,  Fresh,  Using . ]  768 

Sawdust,  Old,  Use  of .  560 

Sawdust,  Use  of... .  585 

Saunders,  Dero .  902 

Scale,  Oyster  Shell .  60 

Scale,  San  Jose,  Disappearing .  193 

Scale,  San  Jose,  Oil  Spray  for _  383 

Scabs,  Correct,  in  N.  Y .  685 

Schneider.  J.  11 .  492 

School  Farm  .  754 

School  Garden  Experience .  835 

School,  Hope  Farm .  566 

School  Teacher  Talks .  1135 

Sea  Waste,  Value  of .  941 

Seed  Agent.,  Tale  of .  34« 

Seed  Drills,  Suit  About .  70S 

Seed  Faker  .  898 

Seed,  Guaranteed  .  1047 

Seeds,  Testing  .  H58 

Seeding  Machine,  New... .  195 

Senator  Page  Act. .  610 

Senators,  Direct  Election  of _ 324,  546 

Sewage,  Treatment  of .  979 

Shade  Trees  and  Lawns .  987 

Sheep  Dip,  Lime  Sulphur  as _ 738,  827 

Sheep  as  Weed  Killers .  70S 

Sheep,  Catarrh  in .  375 

Sheep  Farming  by  Proxy .  302 

Sheep  In  Connecticut .  654 

Sheep  In  Early  Fall .  9S0 

Sheep  in  New  York .  757 

Sheep  Notes  . 4028,  1038 

Sheep,  Profit  In .  297 

Sheep,  Profit  in . 1222 

Sheep,  Rape  for .  73 

Sheep  Shearing,  Early .  594 

Sheep,  Shropshire  . 1162 

Sheep  Story  . * .  635 

Sheep,  Sulphur  for .  2US 

Sheep,  Taking  Picture .  876 

Sheep  with  Necrobacillosls .  655 

Sheep's  Horns,  Killing . 1082 

Shingle  Stains  . 1025 

Shot-hole  Borers  .  981 

Shrubs,  Propagating  .  567 

Sibbald,  Robert  A .  77a 

Silage  and  Milk .  846 

Silage  and  Tuberculosis .  328 

Silage,  Bulk  or  Quality  in .  5 

Silage,  Clover  as . 98,  416 

Silage  for  Cows .  573 

Silage.  Measuring . 1205 

Silage,  Peavlne  .  414 

Silage,  Rye  as .  586 

Silage,  Selling  . 677,  697 

Silage,  Summer  . 677,  697,  793 

Silage,  Value  of . 116I 

Silage,  Weight  and  Price  of .  333 

Silago  without  Silo . 336,  370,  530 

Silo,  Clover  in .  248 

Silo  Experience  .  932 

Silo  Filling  Time .  951 

Silo  for  Small  Farm .  694 

Silo,  Foundation  for .  218 

Silo,  Late  Filling  of .  953 

Silo,  Nova  Scotia .  826 

Silo  of  Drain  Tile . 1065 

Silo,  Paint  for .  827 

Silo,  Profitable  .  466 

Silo,  Repairing  .  971 

Silo,  Rye  in .  606 

Silo,  Summer  . 144,  643 

Silo,  What  Corn  for .  81 

Skunk  Farms  Illegal .  218 

Skunks,  Strychnine  for .  97 

Sladkus  &  Bro .  54 

Smith,  Harry  D .  554 

Smut  in  Corn .  492 

Smut  in  Wheat .  821 

Snake  After  Mice .  676 

Snail  Culture  . 1215 

Snapdragons  for  Florist  Use . 1217 

Snow  Shovel,  Efficient . 1215 

Soap,  Swindle  in . 559,  958,  1106 

Sod  for  Greenhouse  Work .  609 

Sod,  Improving  .  320 

Soil,  Alkali,  Treating .  235 

Soil,  Building  Up .  514 

Soil,  Clay,  and  Grass .  622 

Soil,  Heavy,  Improving .  66 

Soil,  Sterilizing  . 686 

Soils,  Study  of . . .  7 

Soiling  Crops  and  Fertilizer .  310 

Soiling  Crops,  Late .  96 

Soiling  In  Oregon .  144 

South  Platte  Mining  Co . 1206 

Sprayers,  Air  Pressure . 1231 

Sow  Bugs,  Destroying . 1137 

Sow,  Muzzle  for .  248 

Sow,  Paralysis  in...  699 

Sow,  Weak  .  659 

Spar  Products  Co .  714 

Spencer  Optical  College .  698 

Speltz  in  New  Jersey .  329 

Speltz,  Success  with .  383 

Speltz,  Value  of .  192 

Spider,  Web  Spinner .  785 

Sport,  Paying  for..... . 1095 

Spray  and  Cattle .  684 


\ 


INDEX.— THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Pages 

Spray  Rig,  One  Man .  560 

Sprayer,  Air  Pressure .  274 

Sprayer,  Roller  Tank . 735 

Sprayer,  Traction  .  261 

Spraying  and  Bees .  625 

Spraying  and  Live  Stock . 605,  626 

Spraying  and  Pasture  Grass . 200 

Spraying  and  Rain . 644,  667,  687 

Spraying  Apples  .  429 

Spraying  at  Hope  Farm .  944 

Spraying  by  Air  Pressure . 590,  624 

Spraying  by  Contract . 273,  958 

Spraying  by  Gravity . 661,  739 

Spraying,  Dust  Method . 623,  723 

Spraying,  Evidence  from . 1051 

Spraying,  Facts  About .  277 

Spraying,  Fine  Points  in . 323 

Spraying  in  Iowa .  272 

Spraying  in  Nebraska .  j62 

Spraying  in  Small  Way .  264 

Spraying  Notes  .  264 

Spraying,  Plain  Facts  About . 314 

Spraying,  Sediment  in .  841 

Spraying  Trouble.  Avoiding . 802 

Spring,  Green  Film  in .  95 

Squash,  Fordhook . H92 

Squash  ill  Rhyme . 1219 

Stable  Floor,  Concrete . 146,  445 

Stable  Floor,  Waterproof .  79 

Stakes,  Lifting  . 1095 

Stauffer,  A.  . .  86 

Steers,  Fattening  .  305 

Steisel,  M . 638 

Stone  Wall,  Connecticut .  814 

Storage  House,  Frost  Proof . 1195 

Stone  Wall,  Pennsylvania .  893 

Stove  Ventilator  .  686 

Straw  Handling  .  622 

Strawberry,  Ever  Bearing,  in  Mex¬ 
ico  . *** 

Strawberry,  Fertilizer  for .  836 

Spraying  Notes  .  264 

Strawberry,  Perfect  Flowered .  881 

Strawberry  Plants,  Legal  Right  in,  678 

Strawberry  Questions  .  784 

Strawberry  Story,  Florida .  644 

Strawberry  Tests  in  Missouri .  707 

Strawberries  and  Acid  Soil . 1074 

Strawberries  and  Lime .  28 

Strawberries,  Arkansas  .  263 

Strawberries,  Buckwheat  Straw'  on, .119.1 

Strawberries,  California  .  722 

Strawberries,  Care  of .  761 

Strawberries,  Duration  of .  161 

Strawberries,  Everbearing  . 1075 

Strawberries,  Fall  Bearing  .  191 

Strawberries,  Florida  .  784 

Strawberries,  Hope  Farm  .  588 

Strawberries,  Imperfect  . 764,  841 

Strawberries  in  Cold  Country .  390 

Strawberries  in  Hills  .  705 


Pages 

Strawberries  in  Ohio  .  755 

Strawberries,  Late  Setting .  704 

Strawberries,  Mulch  for .  94 

Strawberries,  Nitrate  on .  363 

Strawberries,  Oats  as  Mulch .  97S 

Strawberries,  Setting  . 388,  838 

Strawberries,  Soil  For .  688 

Strawberries,  Spraying  .  396 

Strawberries,  Spring  Cultivation  of  263 

Strawberries,  Staminate  .  239 

Strawberries,  Transplanting  .  817 

Strawberries,  Yearling,  Transplant¬ 
ing  .  263 

Strawberries,  Winter  Care  of . 1063 

Strychnos  Spinosa  .  787 

Student  Labor  Problem  . .  799 

Students,  Bailey  on . 623,  641,  662 

Success  Magazine  .  86 

Sugar  Cane,  Cultivation  of .  582 

Sumach.  Killing  . 61,  400 

Sunflower  Seeds,  Curing .  987 

Sunflowers,  Curing . U96 

Sunflowers,  Harvesting  .  61 

Sunflowers  in  Silo .  179 

Supreme'  Court  and  Oil  Trust . 630 

Swain,  W.  S .  486 

Swamp  Root  . 686,  723,  821 

Swamp,  Use  for . 1213 

Sweet  Potato  Culture .  801 

Syracuse  Breeders  Ass’n . 382 

Tankage,  Use  of  .  252 

Taylor,  Dr.  W.  M . 1062 

Teague,  T.  . .  6la 

Telepost  Co .  578 

Temple  Pump  Co .  698 

Tenant  System  in  Ohio . 330 

Tenant  System  in  Texas .  466 

Tennessee  Conditions  .  605 

Texas.  Hard  Conditions  in - 781,  799 

814,  834,  854 

Thistles,  Exterminating  - 351,  563,  854 

Tile  Drainage,  Facts  About .  463 

Tiles,  Cement  or  Clay . ;983 

Timber,  When  to  Kill .  785 

Timothy,  Second  Growth . 351 

Timothy,  Seeding  .  413 

Tobacco  Beds,  Sterilizing .  425 

Tobacco  Seed,  Starting .  314 

Tobacco  Trust  Decision .  670 

Todd,  Lee  . 1018 

Tomato  Grafted  on  Potato . 1047 

Tomato  Grower  Talks .  349 

Tomato  Growing,  New  Plan  of.. 497,  518 

Tomato  Waste,  Value  of .  467 

Tomatoes  in  Indiana  .  351 

Tomatoes,  Nitrate  on .  752 

Toys,  Changing  Color  in . 1216 

Tree  Agent,  Confessions  of .  943 

Tree  Agents,  Experience  with .  894 

Tree  Agent.  Honorable . 1151 

Tree  Agent's  Side .  855 


Pages 

Tree  Agent  Talks . 1065 

Tree  Dope  . 1002 

Tree  Growth,  Record  of .  5 

Tree,  Hidebound  . 336 

Tree,  How  Old  . 1089 

Tqee,  Selecting  . 1021 

Tree  Trunks,  Covering .  665 

Trees  by  Roadside  .  959 

Trees,  Crown  Gall  on . 1171 

Trees,  Damage  for  Destruction .  756 

Trees,  Doping  . -258,  988 

Trees  for  Shade . 587,  629 

Trees,  Guarantee  for  .  393 

Trees,  Large,  Moving . 198.  1131 

Trees,  Nursery,  Grading .  839 

Trees  on  Own  Roots . 1070 

Trees,  Pedigreed  .  155 

Trees  Planted  in  Small  Holes....  312 
Trees,  Planting  at  Hope  Farm....  498 
Trees,  Protecting  in  Mulched 

Orchard  .  718 

Trees,  Removing  with  Dynamite..  261 

Trees,  Roadside  . 1095 

Trees,  Root  Gall  on .  734 

Trees  Untrue  to  Name .  280 

Trees,  Whitewashing  .  320 

Trees,  Wild,  Planting .  925 

Trees,  Wild,  Transplanting . 1217 

Truck  Farming  Under  Irrigation..  261 

Tryon,  R.  W .  746 

Tuberculosis  and  Silage .  328 

Tuberculous  Patients  .  820 

Turnips,  Fertilizing  Value  of .  61 

Turnips  for  Stock . . .  178 

Turkeys,  Bronze  .  450 

Turkeys  in  Close  Quarters .  164 

Turkeys  in  Washington .  17 

Turkeys,  Trouble  with .  576 

Turkeys,  Young,  Raising .  656 

Union  Central  Life  Ins.  Co .  182 

United  Contractors  Corporation....  658 

United  Stores  Association . 989 

U.  S.  Pub.  Co .  598 

Universal  Salesman  Co . 342 

Vacation,  High  .  943 

Varnish,  Thinning  . 1092 

Vegetable  Garden,  All  Year .  401 

Vegetable  Growers  Meeting . 982 

Vegetables  and  The  Boy . 462 

Vegetables  before  Alfalfa . 1048 

Vegetables,  Preparing  for . 983 

Ventilation,  Barn  .  141 

Vermont,  Farming  in .  92 

Vermont,  Grain  in .  6S3 

Vermont,  Legislation  in .  4 

Vermont  or  Maryland . 233,  405 

Vetch  and  Crimson  Clover  in  Ga..  539 

Vetch  and  Wheat .  985 

Vetch  as  Horse  Hay .  798 

Vetch  as  Weed . 708,  723 

Vetch  Crop  . ln®9 


Pages 

Vetch,  Experience  with . 603,  835 

Vetch,  Experiment  .  91 

Vetch  for  Cover  Crop . 225,  306 

Vetch  for  Horses .  909 

Vetch  for  Hay  .  734 

Vetch  in  Indiana .  813 

Vetch  in  Massachusetts . 3,  491 

Vetch  in  Michigan .  627 

Vetch  in  New  Jersey .  90 

Vetch  in  Ohio  .  28 

Vetch  in  Peach  Orchard .  426 

Vetch  in  Rotation .  465 

Vetch  in  Washington .  584 

Vetch,  Michigan  .  226 

Vetch  Notes  .  6S7 

Vetch  Seed,  Saving .  607 

Vetch  Seed,  Separating . 521.  686 

Vetch,  Sowing  .  920 

Vetch,  Trouble  with . 1027 

Vetch,  "What  Ailed? .  837 

Vetch  Will  Stay  Put .  642 

Victor  Razor  Co .  746 

Vine  Plant  Crosses .  1049 

Vines,  Training  .  461 

Vinegar  Law,  N.  Y .  720 

Vinegar  Tank,  Cement .  646 

Vineyard,  Weeds  in . 838,  921 

Virginia,  Facts  About .  361 

Voorhees,  E.  B.,  Death  of .  690 

Walnut,  English,  in  Penn .  563 

Walnut,  Persian,  in  Illinois .  665 

Walnut,  Persian,  in  Virginia . 1197 

Walnut  Trees,  Large .  392 

Walnuts,  English,  Trouble  with.. .1092 

Washington,  Brighter  Days  at . 1103 

Ware  Progress  Co .  222 

Water  Gardens,  Chinese . 1157 

Water,  Green  Film  on . —  192 

Water,  Heating  for  Stock . 1222 

Water,  Piping  front  Spring .  737 

Water,  Piping  to  Barn . 931,  1026 

Water  Problem  .  947 

Water,  Purifying  . 1069,  1114 

Water,  Stirring  . 1095 

Water  Supply  for  Barn .  30 

Water  Systems,  Air  Pressure .  126 

Water  Trough,  Cement . 1112 

Water  Veins,  Rights  in .  159 

Water  Wheel,  Power  of . 395 

Watermelons,  Large  . 417,  589 

Waterfall,  Power  for .  685 

Weasels  and  Oxen . 558,  677 

Weasels  and  Poultry  .  532 

Weasel.  Catching  . 99,  656 

Weed  Law,  Pennsylvania .  896 

Weeds,  Chemicals  for .  838 

Weeds  in  Fertilizer . 1026 

Weeds  in  Vineyard .  837 

Weeds,  Poisonous  .  986 

Weil,  Victor  M .  554 

Weitzel,  John  A .  22 


Pages 

Well  Curb,  Tile  for .  898 

Well,  Cleaning  . 1092 

Well,  Dug  or  Drilled .  1071 

Well,  Faulty  .  624 

Well,  Increasing  Flow  from .  940 

Well  in  Sandy  Soil .  400 

West  Side  Dog  Exchange .  934 

Wells,  Digging . 1231 

Western  Irrigated  Land  Co .  22 

Western  Pub.  Co .  422 

Westfield  Poultry  Yards .  850 

Wheat,  Chopped,  as  Feed .  826 

Wheat  Crop,  Canadian  .  405 

Wheat,  Crop  to  Follow .  383 

Wheat,  Double  Seeding .  310 

Wheat,  Drilling  Both  Ways - 34. 

122,  200,  460 

Wheat  Field,  Treatment  of . 348 

Wheat,  Miracle  .  308 

Wheat  on  Sod .  782 

Wheatley,  W.  W .  150 

White,  Van  Glahn  Co .  61S 

Whitewash,  Sticky  . .  168 

Whitewashing  With  Pump .  626 

Whitewood,  Value  of .  174 

Whiting  Nursery  Co . 682,  1153 

Wife  Beating  . 666,  731 

Wiley  and  Pure  Foods . 690,  788,  8S2 

Willow,  Destroying . 395,  6S5,  752 

Wilson,  James  . 1032 

Wind  vs.  Electricity  .  752 

Windmill,  Go-devil  .  667 

Winter  Scene  .  29 

Winter  Mfg.  Co .  29S 

Wipper,  A . 698 

Wires,  Insulating  .  685 

Wireworms,  Destroying  .  602 

Wisconsin,  Winter  Work  in . 448 

Wisner,  A.  L .  486 

Wistaria,  Pruning  .  439 

Wistaria.  Treatment  of . 1115 

Witch  Grass  and  Potatoes . 1209 

Witch  Grass,  Killing .  685 

Wood  Harmon  Co . 118 

Woodchucks,  Destroying  .  647 

Woodward,  J.  S . 438,  500 

Woman  Hen  Farmer .  508 

Woman  Suffrage  in  California - 1055 

Woman’s  League  Indebtedness . 1239 

Woman’s  Right  in  Property .  158 

Women  Favmers  .  880 

Women  Milkers  .  333 

Wonderberr.v  and  Cactus .  428 

Wonderberry,  Poisonous  .  904 

Wonderberries,  Dangerous  .  882 

World  Home  Supply  Co . 598,  974 

World  Mfg.  Co .  486 

Xanthoceras  Sorbifolia  . 1177 


WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 


Tagos 

Achimenes  and  Primulas  .  409 

Adam’s  Luxury  and  Eve’s  Cookery  74 

After  Dinner  Rest .  791 

Alfalfa  as  Human  Food .  282 

Aluminum  Frying  Pan .  691 

Ambergris,  Value  of  .  652 

Animals,  Sick,  Free  Clinic  for -  106 

Ants,  Getting  Rid  of . 807,  864, 

969,  992 

Apple,  Ben  Dy  is,  Baked . 775 

Apples,  Bluri  ,ng  .  548 

Apple  Custa  1  . 1034 

Apple  Pie  with  Bacon .  366 

Apple  Sauce  Cake .  969 

Apples  witli  Cocoanut .  726 

Aunt  Martha's  Envelope  Library..  44 

Automobile  Wear  .  692 

Auto  Toque,  Crocheting . 1141 

Autumn  Days  at  “Faraway” . 1056 

Autumn  Leaves  . 1241 

Baby,  Bread  for  . 1078 

Baby  When  Teething  .  991 

Baby’s  Clothes  .  949 

Bacon  and  Eggs .  243 

Bacon,  Farmers  . 1079 

Bayberry  Candles  . » .  475 

Beads,  Stringing  .  632 

Beans,  Canning  . J91 

Beans,  French  .  710 

Beauty  Specialist,  Damage  from.  ..1078 
Beauty  Specialists,  Damage  from.. 1078 

Bedbug  Experiments  .  474 

Bedbug  Treatment  .  592 

Beef,  Canning  .  139 

Beef,  Canning . 1221 

Beef  Loaf  .  907 

Beets,  Canning  . 844,  929,  992,  1034 

Beggars,  Problem  of .  672 

Belts  and  Other  Things . 10.37 

Bird  Lesson  .  692 

Bird  Literature  .  476 

Birds,  Studying  .  367 

Biscuits,  Quick  .  443 

Blackberries,  Spiced  .  884 

Blue  Anchor  Society .  742 

Boarders,  Summer,  in  Michigan....  45 

Books,  Covering  . 474 

Bookcase,  Homemade  .  443 

Bouquets,  Making  .  42 

Boy  Scouts  .  906 

Bread,  Creole  . 673 

Bread  Making  .  75 

Bread,  Salt  Rising . 1241 

Bread,  Standardizing  .  326 

“Bubble  and  Squeak”  .  14 

Bulbs,  Fall  Planted  .  969 

Buns,  Delicate . .. . U80 

Cabbage  au  Gratin . 1181 

Buttons,  Homemade  .  741 

Cabbage,  Chinese  .  592 

Cabbage,  Cooking  .  526 

Cabbage,  Creamed  .  928 

Cabbage,  Stewed  .  45 

Cake  Apple  Sauce  .  76 

Cake,  Baked  Buckwheat  .  77 

Cake,  Birthday  .  244 

Cake,  Chocolate  Caramel .  806 

Cake,  Chocolate  Cream . ’  244 

Cake,  Cinnamon  .  244 

Cake,  Daisy  . . .  244 

Cakes,  Dark  .  76 

Cake,  Eggless  .  844 

Cake,  Fairfield  .  693 

Cake,  Fruit  .  929 

Cake,  Hardenburg . 1201 

Cake,  Harrison  . 1012 

Cake  Icing  .  775 

Cake,  Maple  Sugar  .  844 

Cake,  Walnut  Mocha  .  244 

Cake  with  Sour  Milk .  824 

Cake  Without  Eggs . 928,  993 

Cakes,  Alabama  . 1012 

Cakes  Tested  . 1080 

Candy  Chocolate,  Difficulty  with._.  242 

Candy,  Home  Made . 285,  442 

Candy  Making  .  245 

Card  Playing  .  632 

Carpet  Beetle  .  790 

Carpet  Dyeing  .  139 

Carpet,  Rag  .  477 

Carrot  Marmalade  .  207 

Carrots.  Pickled  .  968 

Cats  Run  Wild  . 366 

Celery  Sandwiches  . 406 

Cereal  Cutlets  .  283 

Charitv  Sweetheart's  Letter. ..  .106, 

477,  673,  711,  90S 

Cheese,  Cottage  .  548 

Cheese,  Roasted  .  576 


Pages 

Cherry  Pudding  .  632 

Cherry  Short  Cake  .  632 

Chickadees.  Domesticated  . 1035 

Chicken,  Creole  .  673 

Chicken  Saute  . 1078 

Child  Welfare  Exhibit . 170,  242 

Child's  Ears,  Care  of . 1121 

Child's  Eyes,  Care  of . H01 

Child’s  Mouth,  Care  of . 1057 

Children,  Treatment  of .  592 

Children’s  Pantry  .  992 

Chile  Con  Carne .  673 

Chocolate  Jelly  .  692 

Chow  Chow  . . 385 

Christmas  Carol . 1220 

Christmas  Gifts  . 1200 

Christmas  Shopping . .1181 

Christmas  Snow . H30 

Christmas  Thoughts . 1220 

Cider,  Preserving  . H00 

Cinnamon  Toast  .  632 

Citron  Marinelade  .  791 

Citron  Melon,  Dried . 1121 

Clam  Chowder  .  570 

Clam  Fritters  .  282 

Clothes,  White,  Stained  in  Washing  107 

Clothing,  Making  Over . 45,  548 

Codfish  Recipes  .  474 

Coffee  Substitute . 1220 

Comments  and  Suggestions .  549 

Conservatives  and  Insurgents . 593 

Contracts  and  Promises .  2 

Cooker,  Fireless . 442,  711,  742,  759 

Cookery,  Southern  .  672 

Cookies,  Cream  .  107 

Cookies,  Sweet  Cream .  327 

Corn  Bread  . 171,  921 

Corn,  Canning  Whole .  884 

Corn  Chowder  . 1012 

Corn  Hulled  .  633 

Corn,  Hulled . 1221 

Corn,  Hulled,  Baked  .  283 

Corn  Products  Dinner . -  474 

Corn  Souffle  .  281 

Cornmeal  Crisp  .  671 

Crabapple  Preserves  .  790 

Crab  Apple  Sauce  . 993 

Crullers,  Making  . 326,  993 

Currant  Farina  .  807 

Currant  Souffle  . 80T 

Curtains,  Stencilled  . 1100 

Custard,  Baked  .  758 

Custard  Potatoes  .  327 

Dewdrops,  Hunting  . 1012 

Domestic  Service,  Compulsory .  282 

Doughnuts  .  170 

Doughnuts  and  Crullers. ..  .474,  502,  670 

Doughnuts,  Raised  .  107 

Dumb  Waiter  Plans  Wanted . 1100 

Dumb  Waiter,  Simple - 1201,  1221,  1240 

Egg  Soup  .  742 

Elm,  Slippery,  Use  of . 1161 

Embroidery  Designs  . 1140 

Epilepsy,  Treatment  for .  74 

Fair  Exchange  .  6SS 

Farm  Thanksgiving  . 1140 

Farm  Woman  in  Africa .  990 

Farm  Woman’s  Diary . 1201 

Farms,  Eastern,  Prices  for .  2 

Farming  for  Women .  406 

Ferns  from  the  Woods . y....  503 

Fires  and  Cigars . 1078 

Flatiron,  Charcoal  .  990 

Fleas  in  House . 884,  969 

Flies,  Destroying  . 824,  907 

Floor  Covering,  Inexpensive - 527, 

612,  633,  672 

Flower  Seeds,  50  cents  Worth  of..  282 

Flowers,  Annual  .  408 

Flowers,  Perennial,  for  Home  Gar¬ 
den  .  284 

Food,  Elements  of .  526 

Food,  Preparing  Ahead .  43 

Fowler,  Susan  .  652 

Freckles  .  526 

Fruit  Desserts  .  865 

Fruit,  Dried.  Cooking .  990 

Fruit.  Preserving  for  Exhibition....  652 

Fudge  Recipes  .  503 

Furs,  Storing  .  632 

Garden,  Jungle  .  570 

Garden,  Last  of . 1079 

Garden  Mistakes  .  476 

Garden,  Unsightly  .  672 

Gardeners,  Crippled  .  406 

Gems  and  Muffins  .  77 

Gingerbread  .  775 

Gingerbread  with  Cream .  242 

Girls,  Irish  Names  for . 1036 


Pages 

Goose  Fat,  Keeping . 207,  367,  406 

Gooseberry  Pudding  .  *32 

Graham  In  Various  Ways .  727 

Grape  Jewelry  .  42 

Grape  Juice  In  Quantity .  537 

Grape  Recipes  .  325 

Grapes,  Canning  . 742 

Grape  Conserve  . 1120 

Grease,  Removing  .  759 

Griddle  Cakes,  Batch  of .  1^ 

Griddle  Cakes,  Buckwheat  .  367 

Griddle,  Soapstone  . 170,  326 

Hair,  Falling,  Treatment  for . 1080 

Ham  and  Eggs .  243 

Hams,  Curing  .  -07 

Ham,  Keeping  .  407 

Hams,  Virginia  . 1079 

Hamburg  Steaks,  Creole .  474 

Hatpin  Legislation  .  74 

Hay  Ranch,  Wyoming . . . 10o7 

Hermits  .  244 

Home,  Business  Management  of - 864 

Home  Making  .  571 

Home  Making  Experiences .  7»0 

Hominy  and  Prunes .  206 

Hominy,  Savory  . 928 

Horseradish,  Chopped  .  503 

Hospitality,  Secret  of .  75 

Housekeeping,  Tricks  of .  75 

Icing,  Boiled  .  710 

Ivy,  Poison  . 475,  1013 

Jelly,  Contrary  .  948 

Jelly  Roll  .  369 

Jumbles  . 592 

Kerosene  for  Heating . 1035 

Kidney  and  Tomatoes  .  526 

Kohl  Rabi,  Cooking .  344 

Lamb,  Cold  .  726 

Lamb’s  Kidneys  .  593 

Lawn  Furniture  .  407 

Leaves,  Autumn  Keeping . 1100 

Lemon  Butter  .  948 

Lemon  Recipes  .  613 

Lenten  Dishes  .  327 

Lentil  Recipes  . ....774 

Lentil  Soup  .  364 

Lewis,  Ida,  Death  of . 1120 

Liver  and  Bacon .  243 

Lunching  by  Calories . 1200 

Mackerel,  Spanish  .  526 

Maple  Mousse  .  993 

Maple  Nougat  .  138 

Marabou,  Imitation  .  570 

Marmalade,  Amber  .  613 

Marshmallows,  Ways  of  Using. ..  .1037 

Martynla  Pickling  .  884 

Mayonnaise,  Cooked  . 1221 

Mayonnaise  with  Drawn  Butter. ..  .1036 

Meat  Left-Overs  . U61 

Meat  Loaf  .  758 

Meat  Pie,  Old  Fashioned .  726 

Meat,  Keeping  Without  Ice - 928, 

992,  1013,  1035 

Meat,  Preserving  with  Sugar . 1036 

Meat,  Smoking . 1201 

Meat  Scallops  . 1081 

Meats,  Farm  . 1079 

Medicine,  Taking  With  Ice .  42 

Medicinal  Treatment  at  Home....  42 

Melon,  African  .  74 

Melon  Compote  .  726 

Milk,  Changing  Flavor  of .  106 

Mincemeat,  Legal . 1220 

Mincemeat,  What  Is .  692 

Mock  Birds  .  442 

Mock  Duck  * .  327 

Molasses  Cake  .  969 

Molasses  Pie  .  242 

Mop,  Dry  .  613 

Mosquito  Repellent  .  906 

Mother’s  Vacation  .  77 

Mousetrap,  Glass  . 1078 

Mushrooms,  Deadly  .  96S 

Muskmelon  and  Ice  Cream .  968 

Mutton  Broth  .  474 

Mutton,  Harricot  of .  43 

Mutton  Timbales  .  526 

My  Neighbor  and  1 . 990,  1036 

Necktie  Easily  Made . 1140 

Neighborhood  Club  Doings . 1240 

“eedles,  Threaded  .  170 

New  Guinea,  Conditions  in .  864 

Night  Before  the  Morning .  824 

Non-Smokers’  Protective  League..  790 

Nut  Scrapple  .  283 

Olive  Oil,  Use  of .  526 

Onion  Sait  . 864 

Onions,  Deviled  .  710 

Onions  on  Toast  .  710 


Pages 

Orange  Conserve  .  612 

Ostrich  Feather  Keeping .  170 

Pancake  Notes  .  476 

Pantry  Shelves,  Painting .  14 

Paper  Bag  Cooking .  807 

Parcels  Post  In  England .  2 

Peach  Honey  .  742 

Peaches,  Preserved  .  791 

Peanut  Canapes  . 1013 

Peanut  Straw  Hats .  774 

Peanuts,  Use  of  .  503 

Pear  Marmalade  . 1056 

Penny  Saved  .  929 

Pepper  Canapes  .  885 

Pepper,  Uses  for .  632 

Perspiration  Stains,  Removing  — 1036 

Piccalili,  Cooked  . . 1078 

Pickerel,  Cooking  .  806 

Pickle,  Chunk  .  "844 

Pickles,  Dill  .  845 

Pickles,  Sweet  .  774 

Picture  Frames.  Birch  Bark . 1141 

Pie,  Christmas . 1240 

Pie,  Cocoanut,  Substitute . 1078 

Pie,  Pumpkin  .  929 

Pie,  Shepherd’s  . 1160 

Piecrust  with  Baking  Powder .  76 

Plant  of  Purity .  242 

Plaster  Cast,  Painting . 107,  327 

Plaster  Removed  with  Vinegar - ^42 

Plum  Jam  .  791 

Popcorn  Pleasures  . H01 

Popovers . . . 170,  326,  406,  7»8 

Pork,  Cooking  .  243 

Pork,  Curing  v . 1079 

Potato  Mayonnaise  . H00 

Potato  Omelet  .  710 

Potato  Pancake  . 710 

Potato.  Sweet,  Ribbons . 1181 

Potatoes,  Glazed  .  673 

Potatoes,  Stuffed  .  45 

Potatoes,  Swiss  .  710 

Potatoes,  Warmed  Over .  76 

Priscilla  Cream  Roll . 45 

Prunes,  Cooking  .  138 

Prunes,  Stuffed  .  884 

Pudding,  Cocoanut  .  409 

Pudding,  Gooseberry  .  632 

Pudding,  Indian  .  245 

Pudding,  Jam  .  409 

Pudding,  Lemon  Rice .  409 

Pudding,  Indian . 1200 

Pudding,  Raisin  .  409 

Pudding,  Sago  .  409 

Pudding,  Steamed  Spice .  527 

Pudding,  Vermont  .  409 

Puddings,  Winter  .  1141 

Puffball  as  Food . 1080 

Pumpkin,  Canning  .  791 

Radishes,  Boiled  .  845 

Raspberry  Cream  .  807 

Raspberry  Roly  Poly .  h32 

Raspberry  Trifle  .  632 

Rhubarb  Marmalade  .  774 

Rice  Croquettes  .  885 

Rice  Pudding  .  993 

Rice,  Savory  .  283 

Rice,  Spanish  .  592 

Rice,  Steamed  .  884 

Rice  with  Cheese  . 1120 

Rugs,  Washing  .  14 

Sabbath  Rest  Farm .  242 

Saccharin  .  758 

Salad  Dressing  . 1161 

Samp,  More  About .  15 

Sandwiches,  Sweet  .  326 

Sandwiches,  Unique  . 1120 

Sandwiches,  Various  .  759 

Sauerkraut  . 1221 

Sausage  and  Head  Cheese .  206 

Sausage,  Bologna  . 991,  1079 

School  in  Fresh  Air .  14 

Scrap  Books  .  865 

Shoe  Numbers,  Puzzling.  .245,  406,  613 

Shortcake  .  993 

Shrubs  for  the  Home  Grounds..  282 

Silver,  Old  English .  502 

Soap,  Homemade  .  948 

Soap  Bubbles,  Blowing .  864 

Soup  Bouquet  .  692 

Soup!  Tomato  .  948 

Spaghetti  Croquettes  . .  327 

Spanish  Toast  .  928 

Spectacle  Fakes  .  442 

Squash  Fritters  .  76 

Stain,  Removing  . 207,  242,  408 

Steak,  Spanish  .  42 

Steak,  Tough  .  76 

Stew,  Appetizing  .  170 


Pages 

Stew,  Brown  .  549 

Strawberry  Dumplings  .  632 

Strawberry  Turnovers  .  672 

Strawberry  Whip  .  673 

Strawberries,  Canning  .  652 

Strychnine,  Danger  in .  548 

Sweet  Flag  Candy  .  824 

Sweet  Potatoes,  Canning .  791 

Swiss  Chard,  Canning - 969,  1034,  1056 

Tarts,  Fruit  .  673 

Tea  Party  Notes  .  743 

Tennessee  Country  Club .  790 

Tennessee  Notes  .  727 

The  Dying  Year . 1240 

Tomatoes,  Broiled  .  76 

Tomato  Chutney  .  968 

Tomato  Dip  .  845 

Tomatoes,  Curried . .1181 

Ypast,  Old  Fashioned . 1220 

Tomatoes,  Pickled  .  885 

Tomatoes,  Preserved  .  844 

Tomatoes,  Various  Ways  with .  791 

Tongue,  Braised  .  726 

Town  and  Country  Comparisons.  .1081 

Troches,  Homemade  .  907 

Tuttl  Frutti  .  758 

Vegetable  Stew  . 775 

Vegetables,  Canning  . 653,  806 

Velvet  Cream  .  726 

Vienna  Steak  .  612 

Vinegar  from  Molasses .  326 

Walnut  Creams  .  282 

Wedding  Anniversaries  .  825 

Welnerwurst  . 1079 

Wheatlet,  Homemade  .  408 

White  Monkey  on  Toast  .  652 

Will,  Making  . 1012 

Windmill,  How  Used . 1100 

Window  Shades,  Freshening .  245 

Woman  Mayor  of  Oldham,  Eng.. 1120 

Woman’s  Diary  .  825 

Woman’s  Farm  Day .  949 

Wyoming,  Life  In .  775 

Zinc,  Cleaning  Flues  with.. 14,  107, 

171,  207 

Zweiback  .  652 


POETRY. 

Angels  .  672 

April  Day  .  474 

Benedlcte  .  282 

Blindfolded  and  Alone .  990 

Bravest  of  Battles . 1034 

Country  School  .  626 

Courage  .  42 

Flag  Song  .  90S 

Friends  in  Paradise . .  20S 

Gethsemane  .  106 

Homo  . 1160 

House  and  Home .  928 

House  bv  Side  of  the  Road . 774 

Tmmortal  . 592,  726 

Mortality  .  612 

In  Memoriam  .  548 

In  the  Morning  of  Life . 1056 

It  Is  Not  Yours,  O  Mother .  366 

Land,  Back  to . 1012 

Lazarus  .  844 

Life  Gauge* .  14 

Life  is  What  We  Make  It .  170 

Little  Things  .  570 

Make  the  Best  of  It .  138 

My  Creed  .  742 

Nobility  .  652 

Nox  Nocti  Indicat  Scientiam .  242 

On  the  Plains . 1100 

Opportunity  .  968 

Perfect  Day  .  948 

Resignation  . 1078 

Seed  Tinm  and  Harvest .  326 

Suppose  You  Try  Smiling .  710 

The  Great  Good  Man .  442 

The  Old  Man’s  Mother . 1120 

Thou  or  1 .  864 

To  Daffodils  . 502 

Trifles  .  407 

Unsubdued  .  758 

Water  and  Tide .  692 

When  .  884 

Where  There’s  a  Will  There’s  a 

Way  .  790 

White  Peace  .  632 

With  Thankful  Hearts . 1140 

Would  You  Have  the  World  Be 

Kind  .  74 

Yet  if  His  Majesty,  our  Sovereign 
Lord  .  906 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4080. 


NEW  YORK,  JANUARY  7,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR. 


A  KENTUCKY  FEED  BARN. 

Plan,  Materials  and  Details  of  Building. 

While  Kentucky  is  renowned  for  her  fine  horses 
and  fair  women,  the  past  generations  have  not  been 
given  to  building  as  substantially  as  the  present.  On 
many  farms  may  be  seen  just  such  work  as  this 
shown  in  the  photo¬ 
graphs,  Figs.-  1  and  2. 

The  old  buildings  are 
passing,  with  the  old 
fogy  notion  that  any 
kind  of  a  barn  will  do 
just  so  it  keeps  off  the 
rain.  The  low  state  of 
tilth  which  much  of  our 
soil  is  in  at  present,  and 
the  wages  asked  by  the 
laborers  on  the  farms, 
make  it  necessary  that 
we  take  all  possible  ad¬ 
vantages,  and  save  all 
that  the  soil  produces. 

With  sufficient  barn 
room  to  store  all  the 
hay,  corn  stover,  sheaf 
oats  and  other  grains 
that  are  taken  from  the 
soil,  stock  well  housed, 
to  consume  all  of  this, 
converting  it  into  soil¬ 
building  material,  a  man 
is  on  the  right  road  to 
success. 

The  barn  building  is 
44x70  feet,  and  16  feet 
to  the  eaves.  The  loft 
floor  is  nine  feet  from 
the  lower  floor.  The  loft 
is  44x70  fe'et,  15  feet  to 
the  main  truss  beams. 

The  mansard  roof  with 
self-supporting  trusses 
gives  us  46,200  .  cubic 
feet  of  loft  room.  The 
siding  is  yellow  pine, 
novelty  or  drop  siding. 

The  sheeting  is  No.  2 
common  flooring,  which 
is  put  on  solid.  The 
roof  is  an  indestructible 
composition  material. 

The  floor  of  the  loft  is  No. 

1  yellow  pine  tongued 
and  grooved.  The  floor 
in  the  lower  part  is 
made  of  concrete,  ex¬ 
cept  that  of  the  stalls, 
which  is  of  tough  clay 
and  sand ;  this  makes  a 
fine  floor  on  which  the 
horses  may  stand  with¬ 
out  injury,  as  caused 
from  standing  on  a 
concrete  floor.  Fig.  3 
shows  the  method  of 
framing,  Fig.  5  is*  the 
floor  and  foundation 
plan.  This  shows  the  arrangement  of  the  driveway, 
feet  wide;  the  stalls,  which  are  eight  by  10 
feet;  the  feed  alleys,  three  feet  wide;  the  engine 
room,  eight  by  14  feet;  harness  room,  eight  by  14 
feet;  the  feed-mixing  room  10x14  feet;  the  tool  room 
10x14  feet;  the  feed  carrier  that  runs  as  shown  by 
the  dotted  lines,  the  concrete  watering  trough,  the 


mangers  and  hay  chutes,  and  the  windows  and  the 
doors. 

A,  big.  5,  a  six  horse-power  gasoline  engine, 
that  runs  the  pump  to  a  driven  well,  which  is  110 
feet  deep  and  furnishes  the  finest  of  water.  The 
engine  also  runs  the  feed  cutters,  feed  grinders  and 


crete  watering  trough,  capacity  60  gallons.  D,  the 
track  of  the  feed  carrier.  E,  feed  mixing  room, 
where  all  of  the  chop  feeds  are  mixed  previous  to 
being  fed  to  the  horses,  mules  and  cattle.  F,  tool 
room ;  G,  the  feed  alleys ;  IT,  the  mangers ;  I,  the 
hay  chutes;  J.  the  harness  room,  in  which  the.  stair¬ 
way  is  located;  1.  1.  1.  are  the  box  stalls;  2.  2.  are 


open  stalls.  The  windows  of  the  first  story  are  made 
to  slide  down  into  a  pocket,  which  prevents  them  be¬ 
ing  broken,  when  open.  The  foundation  is  of  con¬ 
crete,  two  feet  deep  and  six  inches  thick,  except 
where  each  post  stands;  here  it  is  one  foot  thick,  so 
as  to  correspond  with  the  size  of  the  post.  Fig.  4 
shows  the  plan  of  the  loft  door;  A,  feed  grinder;  B, 

stover  and  straw  cutting 
box ;  C,  hay  chutes  ;  D, 
corn  sheller ;  E,  room  for 
bran,  shelled  oats  and 
mill  feed.  This  room  has 
chutes  running  to  the  feed 
mixing  room  on  the  first 
floor.  F  shows  the  posi¬ 
tion  of  the  double  track 
for  the  hay  carriers ;  G, 
the  roller  doors.  The  sizes 
and  lengths  of  the  ma¬ 
terials  are  given  in  the 
list  of  materials  used  in 
the  building. 

As  the  cost  of  mate¬ 
rial  differs  in  different 
localities,  also  that  of 
labor,  it  would  be  diffi¬ 
cult  to  give  a  correct 
statement  as  to  the  cost 
of  such  a  barn.  Much 
of  the  material  used  in 
the  construction  of  this 
one  came  out  of  the 
frame  of  a  sawmill.  The 
cost  of  wrecking  the 
frame  of  the  mill  and 
the  changing  of  the 
framework  was  almost 
equal  to  that  of  framing 
all  new  timbers.  The 
foundation  of  the  barn 
is  one  foot  above  the 
level  of  the  road  that 
runs  in  front  of  the 
barn.  The  old  fence  will 
be  cleared  away  and  the 
front  of  the  lot  between 
the  barn  and  the  road 
will  be  graded  to  a  slight 
grade,  running  from  the 
barn  ti  the  road,  which 
is  about  50  feet.  There 
are  two  iron  tanks  buried 
in  the  ground  just  beside 
the  barn ;  one  of  these 
holds  1,000  gallons  and 
the  other  one  300.  The 
1,000-gallon  tank  is  for 
the  well  water,  which  is 
hard,  and  the  300-gallon 
tank  is  for  rain  or  soft 
water  that  is  stored  in  a 
large  cistern  as  it  runs 
from  the  barn.  These 
tanks  are  so  fitted  with 
pipes  that  run  from  the 
engine  to  the  heater  in 
the  basement  of  the 
dwelling,  that  the  water 
is  forced  all  over  the  house.  The  well  water  is  used 
for  watering  the  stock  and  other  purposes  where  water 
is  required  on  the  farm.  This  barn  is  estimated  to 
have  cost  $2,500.  Of  course  the  cost  of  construction 
varies  greatly  in  different  localities;  both  hired  labor 
and  materials  may  be  secured  more  cheaply  in  one 
place  than  another.  The  matter  of  labor  is  especially 


the  grindstone  and  rip  saw  in  the  tool  room.  B.  con- 


CHANGING  THE  OLD  FOR  THE  NEW.  Fig.  1. 


A  KENTUCKY  FEED  BARN.  Fig.  2. 


2 


January  7, 


important;  a  farmer  with  ability  in  building  puts 
himself  in  the  place  of  expensive  hired  help. 

The  following  is  the  list  of  material  used  in  build¬ 
ing  feed  barn: 


70 

35 

36 
36 
16 
16 
16 
16 

120 

30 

36 

16 

60 

290 

140 

290 

soo 

4.100 

.1000 

22 

36 

28 

6 

32 

3300 

50 

2000 

800 


Pea.  2x3  0,  14  feet  long,  loft  joist. 

Pcs.  2x10,  16%  feet  long,  loft  joist 
Pcs.  6x6,  16  feet  long,  strut  braces. 

Pcs.  6x6,  10  feet  long,  main  truss  supports. 

Pcs.  6x6,  1  foot  long,  short  tie  braces. 

Pcs.  6x6,  2%  feet  long,  short  tie  braces. 

Pcs.  12x12,  8  feet  long,  main  posts  . 

Pcs.  6x8,  8  feet  long,  second  story  posts. 

Pcs.  2x4,  8  feet  long,  studding. 

Pcs.  2x4,  16  feet  long,  studding. 

Pcs.  6x6,  18  feet  long,  truss  rafters. 

Pcs.  6x6,  6  feet  long,  truss  braces. 

Pcs.  2x4,  10  feet  long,  studding. 

lin.  feet  2x8  inch  stuff  for  purlin  plate. 

lin.  feet  6x6  inch  stuff  for  purlin  plate. 

lin.  feet  2x6  inch  stuff  for  second  row  of  plates. 

lin.  feet  2x30  inch  stuff  for  main  truss  beams. 

feet  sheeting. 

feet  siding. 

stall  posts,  support  for  loft,  6x6  inches,  8  feet  long. 

braces  4x4,  5  feet  long. 

braces  6x9,  6  feet  long. 

windows,  12  lights,  10x3  2  inch  glass. 

windows,  6  lights,  10x12  inch  glass. 

feet  of  flooring  for  loft. 

barrels  of  Portland  cement  for  fdn.  and  floors. 

feet  of  1%  inch  beech  and  hickory,  stalls. 

feet  dressed  pine  for  finish  in  lower  story,  drive¬ 


way,  etc. 

44  squares  of  roofing. 

140  lin.  feet  28  inch  tin  for  gutters. 

8  sets  of  double  hangers  for  roller  doors. 

6  kegs  of  nails,  8d..  10d.,  20d.  and  40. 

2  coats  of  lead  and  oil  paint. 

7  comb  ventilators. 


Kentucky. 


J.  W.  GRIFFIN. 


CONTRACTS  AND  PROMISES. 

A  specific  contract  signed  by  the  purchaser  renders 
all  verbal  promises  and  specifications  worthless, 
especially  if  trouble  should  arise  and  the  courts  be 
resorted  to  to  settle  the  difficulty.  In  short,  the 
promises  are  made  to  sell  the  goods  and  the  con¬ 
tract  is  held  in  reserve  to  sue  upon.  A  case  in  point: 
A  local  hardware  dealer  contracted  with  a  manufac¬ 
turing  company  for  several  grain  drills  of  a  certain 
construction,  the  details  being  specified  in  the  con¬ 
tract.  Two  more  machines  than  were  ordered  were 
shipped,  and  the  machines  all  differed  from  the  speci¬ 
fications  in  the  contract,  but  were  kept  by  the  dealer. 
The  warranty  clause  in  the  contract  is  as  follows: 
“Said  machines  are  warranted  only  against  breakage 
from  manifest  defect  in  material  for  the  year  in  which 
they  are  sold.”  None  of  the  machines  gave  satis¬ 
faction;  in  fact,  could  not  be  used  at  all.  The  local 
dealer,  having  the  agent’s  verbal  promise  of  a  square 
deal,  went  to  considerable  expense  to  get  these  drills 
to  going  properly,  but  with  no  success,  and  all  the 
drills  were  thrown  back  on  the  dealer’s  hands.  The 
drill  company  offered  to  rebuild  these  drills  as  they 
had  done  in  other  parts  of  Ohio,  but  refused  to  re¬ 
munerate  the  dealer  for  his  expense  for  repairs,  and 
the  latter  refused  to  settle  for  the  machines.  Suit 
was  brought  to  collect  the  price  of  the  drills,  but 
defendant  demurred  that  more  machines  were  shipped 
than  were  ordered,  that  they  were  not  according  to 
specifications,  and  were  worthless  in  the  field.  The 
court  held  that  as  the  -  shipment  had  been  accepted 
by  the  defendant,  the  change  in  number  and  specifi¬ 
cations  of  the  machines  did  not  nullify  the  contract; 
all  evidence  that  the  drills  failed  to  do  the  work  they 
were  intended  for  was  ruled  out,  and  the  jury  in¬ 
structed  to  decide  the  case  upon  the  contract  only; 
the  judge  being  careful  to  construe  the  warranty 
clause  quoted  above  to  mean  just  what  it  says,  charged 
the  jury  to  find  for  the  plaintiffs,  which  it  did  after 
being  out  a  short  time.  Bound  by  precedent  and  fear 
of  reversal  by  higher  courts,  as  the  common  pleas 
courts  are,  and  having  a  specific  contract,  no  other 
verdict  could  be  hoped  for.  The  case  has  been  ap¬ 
pealed.  Here  is  the  case  of  a  dealer  who  has  a  lot 
of  junk  on  his  hands  which  a  court  says  he  must  pay 
good  money  for,  and  all  because  he  was  not  long¬ 
headed  enough  to  see  that  the  contract  he  signed 
warranted  against  defective  material  only,  and  did 
not  embody  the  agent’s  promises.  Before  signing 
the  other  man’s  contract  be  sure  that  it  specifies 
plainly  just  what  you  want  done. 

Ohio.  W.  E.  DUCKWALL. 


POSTAGE  IN  ENGLAND  AND  CANADA. 

In  your  articles  on  parcels  post,  while  you  have  al¬ 
ways  been  complimentary  to  the  English  system,  I  do 
not  think  you  have  yet  done  it  justice.  One  of  your 
recent  articles  states  that  the  British  parcels  rate  be¬ 
gins  at  six  cents.  Technically  this  is  correct,  but 
practically  it  is  incorrect.  The  British  government 
has  taken  the  rather  extraordinary  step  of  introducing 
common  sense  into  their  postal  rules,  and  ordinary 
postage,  beginning  at  two  cents,  will  carry  as  much 
as  four  ounces  whether  letter  or  merchandise  or 
mixture  of  either !  At  four  ounces  one  pays  four 
cents,  which  carries  anything  up  to  a  pound  and  at 
one  pound  the  nominal  parcels  rate  begins  and  adds 
two  cents  nearly  every  time  for  an  additional  pound, 
occasionally  favoring  the  sender  so  that  when  the 
limit  of  II  pounds  is  reached  the  rate  is  24  cents. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-VORKER 

The  Canadian  method,  of  prohibiting  writing  in  par¬ 
cels  and  prohibiting  parcels  by  letter  rate  is  distinctly 
lacking  in  common  sense.  Why  should  our  govern¬ 
ment  refuse  to  receive  such  mixtures  when  people 
want  to  send  them?  It  is  certainly  an  agreeable  ex¬ 
perience  for  one  from  this  continent  to  mail,  as  I  did 
last  Summer,  a  small  valise  packed  full  and  weighing 
over  six  pounds  for  a  distance  of  some  300  miles  for 
16  cents.  Moreover,  the  express  companies  compete. 
For  the  sake  of  convenience  I  one  day  sent  a  similar 
parcel  at  the  same  rate  by  express,  and  when  leaving 


METHOD  OF  FRAMING.  Fig.  3. 

England  I  had  a  parcel  to  send  to  London  and  found 
that  it  was  just  over  weight.  This  time  I  thought  I 
would  pay  a  high  express  rate,  but  no,  the  postal  rate 
for  11  pounds  is  24  cents,  and  I  found  that  the  express 
rate  for  llRj  pounds  was  26  cents  for  200  miles.  If 
the  express  companies  of  this  continent  would  put 
such  rates  into  force,  I  fancy  there  would  be  an  im¬ 
mediate  cessation  in  the  agitation  for  parcels  post. 

Ontario,  Canada.  w.  e.  saunders. 


PRICES  FOR  EASTERN  FARMERS. 

I  am  very  much  interested  in  yocrr  farm  advertising. 
Will  you  state  what  makes  farm  land  vv*bieh  is  very  highly 
Improved  sell  so  cheap?  I  enclose  two  of  your  advertise¬ 
ments.  Either  one,  if  situated  in  Franklin  County,  Mo., 


erv  i— i  c.crm  e.en 


i.  i _ a _ n_ - a - a- - □ - □ _ c 

LOFT  OF  MAIN  FLOOR.  Fig.  4. 

would  sell  for  more  than  double  the  advertised  price. 
There  must  be  something  wrong  in  Now  York ;  the  land 
must  be  very  poor  and  washed  in  gullies,  as  the  improve¬ 
ments  would  cost  more  than  the  farm  sells  for.  o.  v. 

St.  Clair,  Mo. 

We  have  tried  to  answer  these  questions  many 
times,  but  it  is  hard  for  a  western  man  to  understand 
the  situation  in  these  eastern  hill  towns.  Some  oi 
these  farms  are  sold  to  settle  an  estate.  The  ok 

folks  have  died,  and  there  are  no  children,  or  til- 

children  have  moved  away  and  do  not  want  to  liv 
on  the  farm.  In  other  cases  the  older  people  are  too 

feeble  to  remain  and  work  the  land,  while  tenants 

simply  skin  the  farm.  Some  of  this  trouble  over 
deserted  farms  dates  back  to  the  Civil  War,  when 


thousands  of  soldiers  went  from  these  hill  towns. 
Many  were  killed,  while  others,  after  serving  in  the 
army,  went  West  after  the  richer  government  land 
was  offered.  Our  western  friends  must  also  realize 
what  it  means  to  live  within  easy  reach  of  large  towns 
and  cities.  The  “call”  from  those  places  is  strong 
for  young  country  people,  and  many  farmers  have 
not  tried  to  meet  it  by  improving  their  land  or  in¬ 
vesting  their  money  at  home.  What  we  call  the 
“farm  spirit”  is  low  in  some  localities,  and  this  has 
had  much  to  do  with  pulling  down  prices.  Western 


land  i?  valued  at  what  it  actually  produces  in  farm 
crops  in  a  section  where  farming  is  the  chief  busi¬ 
ness,  This  eastern  hill  land  is  in  a  section  where 
farming  is  regarded  as  of  less  importance  than  a 
business  in  town,  and  where  few  if  any  attempt  to 
show  what  the  land  is  capable  of  doing.  Thus  the 
low  price  for  this  land  is  not  based  on  its  inability 
to  produce  good  crops,  but  upon  sentimental  or 
social  causes.  Such  farms  often  present  remarkable 
bargains,  because  the  land  may  be  naturally  strong. 
It  usually  needs  drainage  and  lime  and  the  careful 
use  of  fertilizers,  but  it  can  be  made  productive  if  a 
man  will  work  and  spend  some  money.  These  farms 
vary  considerably  in  soil  and  location,  and  it  is  not 
safe  to  buy  them  without  a  personal  inspection.  Go 
and  visit  them  alone,  without  any  agent  or  interested 
party.  Take  a  spade  and  dig  into  various  fields. 
Notice  how  deep  the  top  soil  is,  the  character  of  the 
subsoil,  the  sort  of  grass  which  comes  in,  and  the 
kind  of  trees  and  the  quality  of  the  water.  These 
farms  are  now  being  taken  up  rapidly,  and  the  price 
is  rising. 

THE  MARKETMAN’S  SIDE. 

I  have  noticed  several  articles  asking  “What  Per 
Cent  Does  the  Farmer  Get?”  Being  near  a  large  city, 
and  running  a  retail  route,  I  buy  considerable  besides 
what  I  raise,  and  sell  my  surplus  at  wholesale.  I 
am,  as  you  may  perceive,  on  both  sides  of  the  market. 
If  some  of  those  who  seem  to  think  that  every  pro¬ 
duce  man  is  a  swindler  could  see  what  a  lot  of  poor 
stuff  is  in  nearly  every  wholesale  place,  they  would 
know  that  the  returns  for  such  merchandise  would 
be  little  or  nothing.  I  am  in  dose  touch,  as  1  said 
before,  with  the  wholesale  market,  and  yet  quite  a 
little  of  my  stuff  goes  to  the  dump.  There  are  days 
when  the  market  is  bare,  when  even  poor  stuff  will 
bring  good  prices,  and  there  are  also  days  when 
strictly  No.  1  goods  are  in  such  abundance  that  a 
considerable  per  cent  spoils.  Some  things  sell  well 
on  certain  days  and  are  thrown  away  if  sent  in  on 
other  days.  A  very  little  of  some  high-priced  stuff 
will  glut  the  market  and  fail  of  finding  a  sale.  Very 
slight  defects,  which  do  not  in  any  wise  damage  an 
article,  will  “queer”  it,  so  that  it  will  not  sell.  The 
margin  on  most  perishable  stuff  must  be  large,  or 
dealers  will  not  touch  it,  so  great  is  the  loss.  Last 
of  all,  most  produce  dealers  are  under  heavy  ex¬ 
penses  for  rent,  men,  teams,  etc.,  and  they  have  to  do 
a  hustling  business  to  pay  expenses  and  make  a  living 
profit.  There  doubtless  are  some  shysters,  and  there 
are  also  a  host  that  deal  on  the  square.  A  constant 
source  of  wonder  to  me  is  how  the  farmers  far 
away,  and  especially  in  the  South,  can  have  any¬ 
thing  coming  to  them  when  their  goods  are  sold  so 
cheaply  in  our  northern  markets.  Of  course  the 
best  brings  good  prices,  but  very  much  that  is  sent 
to  our  markets  would  better  have  been  left  to  rot; 
the  raiser  would  have  been  better  off  if  he  had  never 
shipped  it.  I  write  this  because  some  of  the  articles 
which  I  have  read  seemed  to  be  written  by  those  too 
far  away  to  know  real  conditions,  and  seemed  to 
call  for  an  explanation.  f.  t.  jenks. 

Rhode  Island. 

Great  things  are  to  be  done  with  chemical  fertilizers 
in  the  future.  We  have  scarcely  begun  to  know  how 
to  use  them  to  best  advantage.  Some  farmers  already 
are  saving  money  by  knowing  what  to  buy.  In  one 
case  a  crematory  was  established  near  a  small  city — 
where  the  wastes  were  to  be  burned.  These  wastes 
included  dead  animals,  bones,  garbage,  paper  and  some 
wood.  The  amount  was  not  large,  so  that  there  was 
not  enough  of  the  ashes  to  put  on  the  regular  market. 
A  farmer  who  had  studied  the  fertilizer  question  had 
a  sample  of  these  ashes  analyzed.  He  found  a  trace 
of  nitrogen  and  fair  amounts  of  potash  and  phosphoric 
acid.  By  knowing  the  commercial  values  of  plant 
food  he  was  able  to  buy  these  ashes  at  a  good  bar¬ 
gain.  By  using  them  judiciously  with  nitrate  and 
some  organic  nitrogen  he  has  a  complete  fertilizer 
for  growing  clover  and  Alfalfa,  and  when  a  man  can 
grow  and  save  these  his  plant  food  question  is  settled. 
The  great  fertilizing  problem  of  the  future  is  how  to 
save  wastes.  They  will  be  utilized  more  and  more 
and  the  man  who  knows  what  his  soil  needs  and  the 
commercial  value  of  plant  food  will  win.  lie  will  be 
juit  like  the  manufacturer  who  can  buy  his  raw  mate¬ 
rial  cheapest.  _  ■ 

It  is  known  that  the  sea  contains  everything  that  the 
soil  ever  had.  All  the  minerals  are  dissolved  in  sea  water. 
The  sea  is  also  a  factory.  Now  there  has  been  found  a 
form  of  seaw-eed  which  is  woven  into  a  coarse  and  strong 
cloth. 

This  is  the  way  some  of  them  use  manure  when  ferti¬ 
lizer  to  go  on  the  crop.  A  load  of  manure  is  put  id  the 
spreader  and  thirty  to  forty  pounds  of  the  chemicals  scat¬ 
tered  over  it.  The  result  is  that  the  whole  thing  is  evenly 
scattered. 


1911. 


3 


CROPS  SECURED  ON  AN  ABANDONED 

FARM. 

About  22  years  ago  my  father  bought  an  83-acre 
river  farm.  As  he  had  other  property  we  did  not 
move  on  the  place,  and  beyond  cutting  the  grass  and 
hauling  manure  on  the  property,  little  was  done. 
Meanwhile  the  property  assumed  that  forlorn  and 
“run-down”  appearance  that  many  abandoned  farms 
get  whose  owners  had  made  enough  to  retire  to 
town,  or  had  abandoned  for  lack  of  help  to  work. 
Three  years  ago  the  place  came  into  my  possession, 
and  not  liking  farming  I  made  some  efforts  to  sell 
the  place,  but  from  its  appearance  prospective  pur¬ 
chasers  said  the  soil  was  all  “worn  out,”  and  al¬ 
though  the  land  lay  in  a  nice  position  and  quite  free 
from  stone,  I  could  make  no  sale.  As  it  was  only 
a  short  distance  from  town  on  a  good  level  road,  and 
a  pleasant  place  to  live,  I  immediately  rebuilt  the 
house,  put  the  barns,  fences,  etc.,  in  good  conditon,  or 
rebuilt,  and  moved  on  the  farm.  Being  an  R.  F.  D. 
carrier  I  had  little  time  to  work  the  farm  beyond 
caring  for  a  large  garden.  From  the  results  ob¬ 
tained  I  could  see  that  the  soil  was  not  all  “worn 
out,”  and  although  the  knowing  (?)  ones  assured  me 
I  could  raise  nothing  on  the  land  until  I  paid  out 
several  hundred  dollars  for  fertilizer,  lime,  etc.,  I 
decided  to  test  whether  the  land  was 
really  worthless,  as  some  would  call  it, 
for  being  virtually  idle  a  number  of 
years,  or  for  want  of  being  properly 
tilled. 

We  did  not  make  a  very  early  or 
promising  start  as  could  be  desired,  but 
Fig.  6  shows  a  picture  of  part  of 
garden  taken  the  middle  of  August. 

This  piece  was  plowed  late  in  the  Fall 
and  in  the  Spring  a  good  coat  of  ma¬ 
nure  was  given  and  the  ground  thor¬ 
oughly  gone  over  with  a  spring-tooth 
harrow.  In  the  foreground  are  three 
rows  of  tobacco,  planted  as  an  experi¬ 
ment;  this  was  gone  through  three 
times  with  the  cultivator  and  part  of 
the  crop  was  hoed  only  twice,  and  the 
rest  only  once.  Although  set  out  the 
first  week  of  July  we  had  numerous 
leaves  measuring  18  inches  across,  and 
stalks  weighing  three  and  a  half 
pounds.  From  near  end  of  rows  to 
rail  fence  is  800  feet,  and  in  this  gar¬ 
den  were  planted  and  growing  straw¬ 
berry  plants,  cauliflower,  tomatoes,  pep¬ 
pers,  cucumbers,  beans,  turnips,  beets, 
celery,  buckwheat,  potatoes,  cabbage, 
pop  and  sweet  corn  and  squashes.  With 
the  exception  of  the  beets  and  turnips 
the  remainder  of  the  crop  was  above 
the  ordinary.  Much  of  my  buckwheat 
stood  three  and  four  feet  high,  while 
on  another  piece  I  raised  muskmelons 
that  grew  four  to  five  pounds.  Fig.  7 
is  piece  of  dent  corn  planted  on  an¬ 
other  section  of  the  farm  about  June  9, 
cultivated  and  hoed  only  once,  cut  first 
week  in  October.  The  picture  was 
taken  about  three  weeks  later,  after  the 
corn  had  shrunk  and  many  of  the  tops 
had  been  broken  off  by  the  wind.  This 
ground  was  plowed  late,  and  as  we 
were  unable  to  get  any  manure  on  the 
ground  before  planting  we  used  about 
one  quart  of  commercial  corn  fertilizer 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

A  ONE-HORSE  FARMER’S  VETCH. 

I  am  emphatically  a  “one-horse”  farmer  or  less, 
for  my  one  horse  does  for  others  more  than  enough 
to  pay  for  the  labor  of  an  extra  horse  when  I  need 
two.  My  land  is  on  the  bank  of  the  Merrimac 
River,  is  generally  level  and  free  from  stones.  It 
would,  I  suppose,  all  be  called  sandy  loam,  some  of 
it  much  lacking  humus,  some  of  it  having  plenty,  but 
all  needing  lime.  It  is  easy  to  cultivate,  is  ideal  land 
for  corn  except  when  there  is  witch  grass.  Witch 
grass  makes  good  hay,  if  cut  early,  but  is  inclined 
to  occupy  all  the  best  land  where  there  is  the  most 
humus  and  leave  no  room  for  other  crops.  There 
is  much  advice  given  for  conquest  of  witch  grass. 
We  are  told,  too,  that  we  can  conquer  the  evil  of 
the  world  by  bringing  in  the  good.  My  experience 
leads  me  to  think  clover  will  conquer  witch  grass  if 
we  will  use  lime.  The  articles  in  The  R.  N.-Y. 
years  ago  on  “clover,”  “clover  sickness,”  etc.,  were 
intensely  interesting  to  me.  A  seed  catalogue  says 
Winter  vetch  will  grow  on  poor  land  and  do  better 
on  good.  I  thought  I  would  try  it  on  about  an 
acre  about  as  poor  as  any.  I  bought  the  seed  and 
rye  and  sowed  as  directed,  having  manured  lightly. 
I  don’t  remember  the  amount  of  lime  I  used.  I  think 
not  much  over  half  a  ton  caustic,  a  kind  I  cannot 


hope  to  cut  some  next  year  for  hay.  One  thing  more 
interests  me.  On  the  rye  and  vetch  which  stood  until 
the  seed  was  ripe  my  cow  will  eat  all  the  vetch  and 
much  of  the  rye.  I  thought  rye  straw  was  almost 
worthless  for  feed.  This  reminds  me  of  your 
“brevity”  on  page  1166.  james  danforth. 

Massachusetts. 

R.  N.-Y. — We  have  reports  from  a  number  of 
farmers  who  started  vetch  in  this  way.  It  did  poorly 
at  first,  but  by  saving  the  seed  of  the  plants  that  did 
grow  the  farmers  were  finally  able  to  fit  the  plant 
to  their  farms. 


A  RURAL  DELIVERY  MAN’S  GARDEN.  Fig.  6 


CORN  ON  AN  “ABANDONED”  FARM.  Fig.  7. 


mixed  into  a  10-quart  pail  of  poultry  droppings  pul-  handle  without  a  handkerchief  over  my  nose  and 
verized.  About  a  small  handful  was  dropped  into  goggles  on  my  eyes,  for  I  spread  it  by  hand.  This 
the  furrow,  the  tarred  corn  dropped  on  to  this  and  was  in  September,  1908.  The  next  season  I  had  a 
covered.  fme  crop  Gf  rye  an(j  vetc]l  ;n  spots  on  one-half  the 

I  have  no  doubt  many  of  our  abandoned  farms  piece.  Some  of  the  vetch  was  good,  showing  what  it 
can  be  worked  with  as  good  success  as  I  have  ob-  was  when  it  did  well.  On  the  other  half  of  the  piece 
tamed  from  my  place,  but  I  find  that  many  intend-  where  I  thought  the  land  was  about  the  same  the 
ing  purchasers  of  farms  are  more  willing  to  pay  -  rye  was  not  quite  as  good,  and  no  vetch  except  here 
-i  extra  high  price  for  farms  that  are  cultivated  to  and  there  a  few  very  feeble  vines, 
their  fullest  capacity  and  require  constant  attention,  All  of  the  rye,  in  which  there  was  much  good 


money  and  correct  methods  to  keep  so  than  to 
purchase  an  abandoned  farm  at  a  much  lower  price 
and  derive  all  the  benefits  of  working  it  up  to  as 
lngh  a  state  of  cultivation  by  their  own  work  and 
methods.  This  phase  of  the  situation  I  have  noticed 
many  times,  and  have  no  doubt  it  can  be  likened  to 
the  thoughts  of  the  investors  in  the  get-rich-quick 


vetch,  I  saved  and  thrashed  by  itself,  and  sowed  the 
seed  on  another  piece  in  September,  1909.  This  sec¬ 
ond  piece  I  had  cultivated  more  years  past  and  was 
then  in  better  condition  for  any  crop.  On  this  piece 
I  had  a  good  crop  of  rye  and  lots  of  vetch,  the  rye 
as  high  as  my  head  and  the  vetch  as  high  as  I  could 
reach.  The  rye  was  not  tall  enough  to  hold  it  up. 


-  ,  -  *  *  a.  wv.  vv  CIO  UVJl  tel  1 1  kUv  11  LU  UU1U  H  UU. 

concerns,  who  by  their  prosperous  appearance  and  Roth  years  I  have  allowed  it  to  stand  for  seed.  This 

flKnln  V  r»  Otl  mnnon  _ 1- _  1  .  _ 


display  can  induce  investors  to  invest  where  a  less 
inviting  but  nevertheless  more  sold  chance  of  suc¬ 
cess  would  not  get  a  second  look.  The  four  children 
in  Fig.  6  show  what  other  strong  healthy  crops 
can  be  grown  on  such  farms  besides  corn,  grain  and 


last  Spring  I  had  a  second  crop  of  rye  and  vetch 
on  the  first  piece  from  seed  that  sowed  itself  and 
made  a  splendid  pasture  for  my  cow  until  into  July. 
On  the  second  piece  after  cutting  the  vetch  was  all 
over  the  piece,  and  the  cow  fed  on  it  for  weeks  and  I 


«  -  v/vw  emu  Lilt  LU \V  1CU  Ull  11  IU1  WCCK5  ailU  1 

.  ‘1U  P,n(llce-  The  owner  of  such  a  farm  musf  expect  or  hope  for  a  fine  pasture  for  her  there  next 
judge  for  himself  what  plan  to  follow  in  building  Spring.  Vetch  is  a  new  thing  about  here.  No  one 

w-  p-  VAN  loan.  knows  anything  about  it.  I  don’t  know  much,  but 
usque  lanna  Co.,  Pa.  I  am  enthusiastic.  I  have  sown  more  this  Fall  and 


PROTECTION  FROM  ELECTRIC  WIRES. 

On  page  1135  an  article  appears  headed  “Death 
in  the  Electric  Wire,”  the  purport  of  which  was  to 
show  how  a  farmer  in  California  lost  his  life  through 
his  ignorance  of  the  principles  of  electricity,  by 
touching  and  taking  hold  of  a  wire  fence  which  had 
accidentally  come  in  contact  with  a  high  potential 
conductor  from  a  distant  plant.  It  also  advised  what 
to  do  in  order  to  avoid  the  awful  consequences  that 
befel  Mr.  Vargas.  The  article  though  attempting  to 
give  the  reason  for  the  accident,  is  misleading  because 
it  gives  only  half  the  facts,  which,  plainly  speaking, 
were  that  not  only  the  wire  but  also 
the  earth  was  acting  as  a  conductor,  and 
when  contact  with  the  live  wire  would 
be  death  to  anyone  touching  it.  A  much 
easier  and  I  believe  a  sure  preventive 
of  any  such  accidents  would  be  to  have 
a  wire  run  from  the  fence  wire  and 
driven  into  the  earth  at  one  or  two 
places  in  a  fence,  which  would  make  the 
fence  the  same  polarity  as  the  earth. 
In  this  case  a  live  wire  which  might 
drop  on  the  fence  would  make  a  short 
circuit  and  burn  itself  clear  of  the  fence. 

1  his  is  the  mode  of  safeguarding  in 
general  use  by  electrical  concerns,  and 
would  certainly  be  a  safer  way  than  try¬ 
ing  to  insulate  portions  of  a  fence. 

New  Jersey.  a.  b.  dow. 

V  hile  the  insulated  gaps  are  all  right, 
they  are  troublesome,  and  still  leave  a 
part  of  the  fence  charged.  The  neces¬ 
sary  thing  to  do  is  to  ground  the  fence 
thoroughly  in  the  neighborhood  of  any 
high-tension  wires  that  are  apt  to  cross 
it,  and  this  will  make  insulation  unnec- 
sary,  and  at  the  same  time  do  the  best 
possible  thing  by  giving  immediate  no¬ 
tice  to  the  power-station  in  the  case  of  a 
ground,  and  blowing  out  the  fuse  or 
breaker  so  as  to  deaden  the  power-wires. 
A  good  electrical  ground  would  be  made 
by  selecting  the  wettest  place  in  the 
neighborhood  (if  a  pond  or  tank  so 
much  the  better)  and  burying  in  it,  or 
deep  enough  below  the  surface  so  that 
it  will  be  always  moist,  say  about  25 
square  feet  of  sheet-metal,  and  connect¬ 
ing  it  by  a  No.  0  or  larger  galvanized 
wire  to  all  the  strands  of  the  fence.  The 
connection  should  be  by  soldering,  and  if 
handier  of  course  three  or  four  pieces 
of  ordinary  fence  wire  could  be  used  in¬ 
stead  of  No.  0.  The  sheet  metal  should 
be  copper  to  insure  permanency,  but  an 
old  tin  roof  would  last  a  long  while 
under  ground.  A  connection  to  a  pipe 
driven  in  the  ground  down  to  permanent  water-line 
would  do,  if  the  top  end  is  tinned  so  that,  a  soldered 
joint  can  be  made.  In  short,  ground  your  fence  just 
like  a  lightning-rod,  and  you  will  be  in  no  danger 
from  power  wires  so  long  as  they  hit  the  fence  first. 

Wisconsin.  george  w.  colles. 

The  accident  due  to  the  crossing  of  electric  and 
fence  wires  on  page  1135  could  have  been  prevented 
with  very  little  trouble  by  the  following  plan,  which 
also  would  avoid  any  danger  from  a  lightning  bolt. 
When  setting  posts  thrust  a  crowbar  down  its  full 
length  every  hundred  yards.  This  will  usually  reach 
permanent  moisture.  Cut  and  double  a  wire  long 
enough  to  reach  from  bottom  of  hole  to  top  of  post, 
shove  this  wire  down  the  bolt  and  tamp  with  bar. 
When  stretching  fence  staple  this  ground  wire  tightly 
across  each  strand.  This  will  effectually  ground  the 
fence  and  will  last  as  long  as  the  posts.  All  short  sec¬ 
tions  should  be  grounded.  Several  years  ago  I  heard 
of  a  case  where  lightning  followed  an  ungrounded 
fence  and  killed  a  cow  which  stood  close  to  the  bars, 
though  the  bolt  struck  several  rods  away.  Dry  wood 
is  almost  a  perfect  insulator  and  wood  is  not  a  good 
conductor  when  wet  if  the  stick  is  sound.  The  posts 
which  caught  fire  were  probably  soggy  or  green  wood. 

I  have  built  nearly  two  miles  of  fence  grounded  as 
above  in  a  regular  “lightning  infested”  place  where  it 
has  struck  not  only  once,  but  as  often  as  three  times 
in  the  same  place.  r. 

East  Stroudsburg,  Pa. 


THE  RURAI>  NEW-YORKER 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the  name 
and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure  attention.  Be¬ 
fore  asking  a  question,  please  see  whether  it  is  not 
answered  in  our  advertising  columns.  Ask  only 
a  few  questions  at  one  time.  Put  questions  on  a 
leparate  piece  of  paper.] 

CUTTING  BACK  PEACH  TREES. 

D.  H.  L.,  Garden  City ,  Kan. — I  have 
about  300  peach  trees  set  out  nine  years 
ago,  different  varieties,  which  have  not 
been  topped  back  for  four  years.  Would  it 
be  a  safe  pi’oposition  to  top  back  trees 
this  age?  The  growth  since  topping  is 
from  four  to  six  feet.  If  safe,  how  much 
should  I  cut  back?  Peaches  were  a  total 
failure  for  two  years  through  late  freez¬ 
ing.  This  year  the  freeze  got  most  of 
them.  I  had  about  60  bushels,  and  they 
sold  for  $2.50  per  bushel  direct  to  fami¬ 
lies. 

Ans. — It  will  be  entirely  safe  to  cut 
back  the  peach  trees  mentioned,  and  very 
likely  they  would  be  greatly  benefited 
by  it.  Peach  trees  should  not  be  al¬ 
lowed  to  grow  at  will  from  year  to 
year,  but  cut  in  some  at  least  every  al¬ 
ternate  year.  The  amount  of  wood  cut 
off  should  depend  on  the  condition  of 
the  trees.  Enough  of  the  old  wood 
should  be  cut  away  to  keep  up  a  supply 
of  new  wood  to  bear  plenty  of  fruit 
and  to  keep  the  trees  with  round  and 
moderately  compact  heads.  As  these 
particular  trees  are  nine  years  old,  have 
not  been  pruned  for  four  years  and  have 
made  growth  from  four  to  six  feet  long 
in  that  time,  I  would  suppose  that  they 
need  heading  back  about  half  way  of 
this  growth.  This  should  be  done  early 
next  Spring.  If  done  during  the  cold 
weather  of  the  present  Winter  the  cut 
branches  may  die  back  somewhat  from 
the  effects  of  the  cold. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 

g  - 

Developing  a  Grass  Farm. 

A.  B.,  Gloversville,  N.  Y. — I  have  10 
acres  of  clover  on  my  farm  near  Alta- 
inont,  N.  Y.,  that  averaged  three  tons  per 
acre  first  cutting  last  season.  I  intend 
to  plow  it  next  July,  after  hay  is  gathered, 
about  eight  inches  deep,  broadcast  1,000 
pounds  per  acre  of  good  lime,  then  sow 
Hairy  vetch  at  the  rate  of  one  bushel  per 
acre.  The  next  Spring  about  May  1,  plow 
it  under  and  sow  to  oats  after  broadcast¬ 
ing  200  pounds  per  acre  of  high-grade  fer¬ 
tilizer.  I  have  five  lots  of  10  acres  each, 
of  which  this  is  one.  As  it  is  a  heavy  clay 
hay  farm  I  have  four  lots  in  hay  each  year, 
and  one  in  oats.  After  the  oats  are  gath¬ 
ered  I  intensely  cultivate  like  Clark  for 
two  months,  and  September  1  sow  to 
Timothy  and  Red-top  with  800  pounds  of 
high-grade  fertilizer  without  cover  crop,  and 
in  the  succeeding  Spring  600  pounds  more 
and  200  pounds  after  first  cutting.  I  am 
just  commencing  this  system,  and  as  my 
farm  is  a  natural  hay  farm  I  am  expecting 
good  results.  Do  you  think  the  clover  sod 
plowed  under  eight  inches  in  July  will  be 
sufficiently  rotted  to  plow  all  right  the 
next  May?  Also  your  opinion  about  the 
vetch  sown  in  July  and  plowed  under  May 
1  as  a  seed  bed  for  oats?  While  it  is  un¬ 
questionably  good  on  sandy  soils  would  it 
be  helpful  to  my  soil?  I  take  it  for 
granted  that  there  cannot  be  too  much 
vegetable  matter  in  any  soil  for  hay  and 
oats. 

Ans. — Yes,  we  think  the  clover  sod 
can  be  plowed  so  as  to  make  a  good 
seed  bed  for  oats — also  the  vetch.  The 
latter  is  better  adapted  to  light  or  sandy 
soils,  but  we  have  reports  from  farmers 
who,  by  seed  from  their  own  crops, 

have  been  able  to  make  good  use  of 
it  in  all  soils.  You  must  remember 
that  large  amounts  of  lime  will  be  need¬ 
ed  in  such  farming,  and  the  grass  seeded 
in  this  “Clark”  plan  must  be  well  fed. 


hired  an  array  of  brilliant  lawyers,  while 
on  the  other  hand,  the  entire  population 
of  the  valley  lined  up  to  defend  their 
rights.  The  storv  is  told  by  a  correspond¬ 
ent.  It  has  a  lesson  for  other  farmers : 

"The  Vermont  Legislature  has  a  repre¬ 
sentative  from  every  township,  consequently 
the  House  has  246  members.  The  Senate 
has  two  or  three  men  from  each  county 
and  about  30  members.  How  was  the  bat¬ 
tle  fought?  A  telling  petition  was  printed 
leaving  a  blank  space  beneath  for  signers. 
A  copy  was  placed  in  all  the  Woodstock 
stores  and  in  every  village  store  and  mill 
up  and  down  the  river.  Every  _  store¬ 
keeper  was  exhorted  not,  on  his  life,  to 
let  a  man  get  away  without  signing.  Soon 
the  committee  was  overwhelmed  by  peti¬ 
tions.  The  bill  was  fortunately  sent  to  the 
Committee  on  Conservation  of  Forests,  the 
chairman  of  which,  Mr.  Battell,  has 
bought  and  given  the  State  much  moun¬ 
tain  woodland.  The  committee  had  two 
hearings.  Many  delegations  went  before 
the  committee  and  a  great  many  more 
wrote  letters  of  protest  signing  their 
names.  One  roan  made  it  his  business  to 
talk  against  the  bill  among  members  out¬ 
side  of  Windsor  Co.  Later  two  lawyers 
were  employed  when  _  it  was  found  the 
paper  company  had  six  or  seven  lawyers 
in  the  lobbv.  The  telephone  played  an 
important  part.  A  very  fair  newspaper 
article  I  sent  went  on  the  desk  of  every 
member  and  was  read  before  voting.  Soon 
everv  man,  woman  and  child  in  this  val- 
lev  'was  enlisted  against  the  Champlain 
Realty  Paper  Co.  with  the  effect  that  when 
the  final  vote  was  taken  the  paper  company 
got  three  votes  out  of  the  246.” 


LEGISLATION  IN  THE  BASHFUL  STATE. 

We  have  called  Vermont  the  “Bashful 
State”  because  her  people  seemed  ashamed 
to  tell  the  world  what  they  have  to  offer. 
These  bashful  citizens  can  put  up  a  bat¬ 
tle  when  they  once  get  started,  and  in 
their  very  bashfulness  they  set  a  good  ex¬ 
ample  to  the  western  boomers.  Whenever 
the  people  of  a  section  stand  up  and  fight 
for  their  rights  we  like  to  let  the  world 
know  about  it — for  that  is  the  way  things 
are  done  in  this  world.  The  Champlain 
Realty  Paper  Co.  got  a  bill  before  the 
Vermont  legislature  granting  them  the 
right  to  float  logs  down  the  Ottauqueecliee 
River  and  its  tributaries.  This  would 
have  ruined  the  stream  by  removing  the 
forests,  made  it  dangerous  and  changed 
the  character  of  the  valley  simply  to  en¬ 
rich  this  corporation.  The  realty  company 


DIRT 

out  of  the 

Milk 


out— keep 
it  out. 

One  milk  pail  and  only  one  will  doit.  Milk  goes 
through  the  strainer  cloth  into  the  pail,  untainted, 
while  the  dirt  shelf  catches  all  the  dirt  from  the 
udders  and  handling  in  the 

Sterilac  Milk  Pail 

(Try  It  lO  Days  Frea) 

You  will  never  civ©  it  up  if  you  try  it.  The  only  sanitary 
milk  pail  that  has  the  approval  of  all  dairymen.  Heavy, 
well  made,  the  proper  height,  .lust  the  right  “set,"  easy 
to  pour  milk  out  of,  easy  to  clean,  and,  above  all,  it  keeps 
milk  pure.  Best  way  to  keep  milk  from  souring,  surest 
way  to  keep  out  of  trouble  with  Boards  of  Health  and  Milk 
Commissions,  and  get  a  reputation  lor  pure  milk.  Price 
$2.50  prepaid.  Order  direct  if  dealer  doesn’t  have  it.  Sim¬ 
ply  return  at  our  expense  if  not  satisfactory.  Circular  free. 

STERILAC  COMPANY,  5  Merchants  Row, Boston, Mass. 


Use  a  HERCULES 

All-Steel  Triple-Power 

Stump  Puller  on 
30  Days’  Free  Trial 

Clear  up  your  stumpy  fields  at  our  risk  now 
■with  a  famous  Hercules  on  30  days’  Free  Trial. 
Test  it  on  your  place  at  our  risk.  Pulls  stumps 
out,  roots  and  all.  400ft  stronger  than  any 
other  puller  made.  Triple  power  attachment 
means  one-third  greater  pull.  The  only  stump 
puller  guaranteed  for  3  years.  Only  one  with 
Double  Safety  Ratchets.  Only  one  with  all 
bearings  and  working  parts  turned,  finished 
and  machined,  reducing  friction,  increasing 
power,  making  .  it  extremely  light-running. 

I  Hitch  on  to  any  stump 
400^  and  the 


More 

Power 


Stump  is  Bound 
to  Come 

Also  pulls  largest- 
sized  green  trees, 
hedgerows, 
etc.  Don't  risk 
da  n  geroas 
end  costly 
dynamite,  ft 
only  shatters 
stump  and  leaves 
roots  in  ground. 
Save  big  money 
by  getting  our 
rnrr  DAOVC  and  free  trial  offer.  Also 
r  Rr.r.  DUUfVij  special  proposition  to 
first  buyers  where  we  have  no  agents.  Write  us  a 
postal  card  today.  Address 

HERCULES  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

130  17th  Street,  Centerville,  Iowa 


BUY  LIME  NOW  .a 

lime  in  paper 
sacks,  carlots, 


for  $7.50  per  ton.  Lime  screenings  in  bulk,  from 
best  grade  of  burnt  lime,  $5.00  per  ton.  f.  o.  b. 
cars  any  point  between  Buffalo  and  New  York 
on  main  lines  of  the  N.  Y.  Central,  Erie,  D.  L. 
&  W.  and  C.  R.  R.  of  N.  J.  Order  early  before 
the  great  demand  sets  in  and  delays  shipments. 

Address  J.  W.  BALLARD  CO..  Binghamton.  New  York. 


CAI  CQUCU  WAklTPH  Free  outfit.  Commis- 
OALCoMtN  VYAIl  I  HU  gionpaid  weekly.  Write 

f ....  . _ _  DCDDV  IIIIDC. 


I 


- for  terms.  PERRY  NURS- 

T0  SELL  TREES  AND  PLANTS  ERIES,  Rochester.  N.  Y. 

WANT  TWO  BUSHELS  GOOD  BUTTERNUTS,  how  much, 
f.o.b.?  Address "C,’’  care  of  Rural  New-Yorker. 

Virginia  Farms  and  Homes. 

FREE  CATALOGUE  OF  SPLENDID  BARGAINS 
R.  B.  CHAFFIN  &  CO.,  Inc.,  Riclimond,Va. 


FRUIT,  SHADE  and  ORNAMENTAL 
TREES,  SHRUBS  and  ROSES 

A  Large  Stock  of  the  Finest  Quality.  Also 
a  Full  Line  of  the  BEST  Spray  Pumps,  and 
Spray  Material.  Prices  Low  and  Satisfac¬ 
tion  Guaranteed.  We  Deal  Direct  with 
our  Customers.  Write  for  Price  List. 
CALL’S  NURSERIES,  Ferry,  Ohio. 


Why  HarrisSeeds 
are  Surest  and  Best 

Seed  that  gr<nus— that  gets  right  down  to  business  and 
makes  good  plants — is  the  only  kind  you  can  aff ird — and 
it’s  the  kind  you  get  when  you  order  from  us.  Every  strain  of 
our  seed  lias  a  pedigree— has  made  a  record  for  years. 
Nearly  all  of  it  is  grown  on  our  own  farms ;  we  give  it  a 
careful  gerynination  festt  to  prove  just  how  much  of  it  is 
good.  When  we’ve  found  that  out,  we  print  it  on  a 
special  label  appearing  on  each  package,  so  that 

You  can  always  tell  how  much 
of  our  seed  will  come  up 

Think  of  what  that  means !  You 
can  tell  when  you  plant  it,  whether 
to  sow  thick  or  light ;  you  can  get 
just  the  stand  you  want  without 
resowing,  without  wasting  any 
seed,  and,  most  important  of  all, 
i  without  wasting  any  time. 

■  Our  free  Catalogue  contains 
aluable  information  about  Gar¬ 
den,  Field  and  Flower  Seeds. 
Write  for  it  NOW. 

ercO.«\  JOSEPH  HARRIS  CO. 
v  Moreton  Farm,  Box  31 
COLDWATER,  N.  Y. 


The  Label  Tells 
You  How  Our  Seeds  Grow 


[The  confidence  felt  by  farmers  and 
gardeners  in  Ferry's  Seeds  to-day 
i  would  have  been  impossible  to  feel  in 
[  any  seeds  two  score 
1  ago.  We  have  madi 
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1  growing. 


sag* 


always  do ' 
exactly  what  you 
expect  of  them.  For  sale 
everywhere.  FERRY’S  1911  SEED 
1  ANNUAL  Free  on  request 
O.  M.  FERRY  &  CO.,  Dotrolt,  Mich. 


GuaranteedTrees 

t  Wholesale  Prices 


Direct  from  the  Growers.  Free 
from  Seale  and  disease. 

Apple,  2-year,  4-5  foot,  $8.80  per  100 
Peach,  3-4  foot,  $3.50  per  100 

Cherry,  fine  2-year,  $3.50  per  100 
Write  for  Free  Descriptive  Catalogue . 

Bros.  Nurseries,  1024 Reilly  Rtf.,Dansville,N.Y. 


Fruit  Trees  at  $6.48  tor  100 

WE  GROW  THF,  TREES  WE  SELL,  which 
are  the  best  known  for  garden  and  or. 
chard.  Fresh  dug,  troe  to  name,  no  scale, 
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tree  illustrated  catalogue. 

2  APPLE  TREES.  1  McIntosh  and  1 
Banana,  sent  postpaid  for  25  cents. 

Maloney  Bros.  &  Wells,  Box  13  D&nsville,  N.  Y. 


PLANT  HARDY  TREES 

Healthy,  acclimated,  high  grade,  true  to  label  fruit  trees 
and  plants  for  Northern  States  at  wholesale  prices,  direct 
from  nursery  to  planter.  Send  for  catalogue. 

^JCELERl^CIUMniRSER^SJtii^KsuMazooJAiCj^ 


FRUIT 


Apples,  Pears,  Plums,  Cherries, 
Peaches,  Small  Fruits,  Shrubs, 
Roees.  Finest  Stock.  Low  Prices. 
Free  Catalog.  Save  money.  Write. 

J.  FAERBER  FRUITLAN0  NURSERIES 
383  WiatM  W  North,  Rochester,  N.Y. 


December  10, 

When  yon  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  12. 


Bumper  Crops  of 

STRAWBERRIES 

in  Mid-Summer 
and  Lafe  Fall. 

Send  for  Catalogue. 

T.  C.  KEVITT 

Athenia,  N.  J . 


OATS 


Merit  is  Bound  to  Win 

Some  one  has  truly  said  that  if  a  man 
builded  a  better  article  than  anyone  else, 
that  though  it  be  builded  in  a  wilder¬ 
ness  people  would  wear  a  path  through 
the  forest  to  purchase.  Merit  is  bound 
to  win.  You  can  “fool  part  of  the  peo¬ 
ple  all  the  time  and  all  the  people  part 
of  the  time,  but  you  can’t  fool  all  the 
people  all  the  time.”  The  thousands 
upon  thousands  of  progressive  farmers 
in  North  America,  Australia,  South 
America,  Russia,  Germany,  in  fact,  in 
every  part  of  the  grain  growing  world, 
would  not  use  Superior  Grain  Drills 
unless  they  were  right.  Why  are  they 
right?  Because  you  can  sow  any  seed 
from  the  finest  grass  seeds  to  bush 
Lima  beans,  you  can  sow  any  commer¬ 
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will  sow  it  right  and  in  quantities  de¬ 
sired.  You  can  reseed  worn  out  and 
run  down  pastures  and  meadows.  The 
Superior  puts  the  grass  seed  under  the 
sod  without  turning  it.  It  is  strong, 
light  draft,  accurate  and  will  do  your 
work  right.  It  sows  evenly — every  feed 
exactly  the  same  amount.  No  skipping, 
no  bunching  or  choking.  The  Superior 
Disc  Drill  will  run  and  do  good  work 
wherever  a  disc  harrow  will  run.  Stalks, 
mud,  pea  vines,  crab  grass  and  any 
other  trash  has  no  terrors  for  the  Supe¬ 
rior.  “The  name  tells  a  true  storv.” 
Drilled  oats  and  small  grains  will  with¬ 
stand  the  drouth  much  better  than  when 
broadcasted.  You  can  get  a  good  stand 
of  clover  if  you  sow  it  in  the  spring  at 
the  same  time  you  do  your  oats  or 
wheat,  because  the  young  clover  plants 
get  a  good  stalky  growth  at  a  very 
critical  time — when  they  need  sun  and 
air.  The  Superior  Drill  is  manufac¬ 
tured  in  many  styles  and  sizes  by  The 
American  Seeding-Machine  _  Co.,  In¬ 
corporated,  Springfield,  Ohio.  \\  rite 
them  for  a  Superior  catalogue,  read  it 
carefully.  Go  to  your  nearest  imple¬ 
ment  dealer,  and  ask  him  to  show  you 
a  Superior  Drill. 


Martin  Fertilizers 

again,  in  1910,  far  exceed  expectations  in  sales  and 
crop  results.  Farmers  for  20  or  more  years  using 
fertilizers  say  they  never  had  as  good  crops  as  wit  h 
Martin’s:  oats  over  60  bu.,  wheat  over  30  bu.  per 
acre  with  but  150  pounds.  Agents  are  selling  more 
MARTIN  PURE  ANIMAL  BONE  FERTILIZERS  easier  and  in 
less  time  than  any  they  ever  sold.  Haw  materials 
used  are  of  the  best  and  chiefly  from  our  own?  large 
abattoirs  and  stockyards.  We  want  active,  re¬ 
sponsible  agents  at  once.  Farmers  who  have  spare 
time  during  the  winter  can  add  to  their  incomes. 
Write  NOW.  Mention  this  paper. 

D.  B.  MARTIN  CO.,  706  Penn  Bldg.,  Pittsburg,  Pa, 


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QTRAWBERRY  PLANTS-All  the  leading  and  money  making 
O  varietie.s  ready  to  ship  now.  D.  RODWAY,  Hartly.Del. 

PEACH  TREES 

FALL  1910  SPRING  1911 

We  are  prepared  to  quote  prices  and  enter 
orders  now  for  just  what  you  want  of  our 
own  grown  trees.  Don’t  be  disappointed 
again  the  coming  season  but  order  now. 

JOSEPH  H.  BLACK,  SON  &  COMPANY 

HIGHTSTOWN, _ NEW  JERSEY 

Choicest  Clover  Seed 

direct  from  the  farmer  and  selling  direct  to  you 
gives  you  best  quality,  clean  seed,  and  saves  you 
money.  Also  handle  Alsike  and  Timothy.  Sample 
free.  Order  now.  O.  M.  SCOTT  &  SON,  ’’  Only 
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1  AM  A  FARMER  and  have  FOR  SALE 

STRICTLY  CHOICE  CLOVER  SEED. 

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Farmdale  or  Peoria,  Ill.  Box  17. 


that  YIELD.  Our  Sensation  Oats 
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and  plants  direct  from  us  by  mail 
instead  of  through  an  agent.  We 
have  thousands  of  satisfied  custom¬ 
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proves  that  our  stock  is  the  kind 
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We  grow  our  own  stock 
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Send  us  your  name  ana  address  now. 
ALLEN  L.  WOOD,  Woodlawn  Nurseries 
565  Culver  Road,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


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Seeds.  44  greenhouses  of 
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Mail  size  postpaid,  safe  arrival  and  satisfaction  guar¬ 
anteed.  Immense  stock  of  SUPERB  CANNAS,  the 
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Perennials.  No.  1  Catalog.  112  pages,  for  Fruits  and 
Ornamentals;  No.  2, 168  pages,  for  Seeds  and  Plants. 
Both  FREE,  Direct  deal  will  Insure  you  the  best 
at  first  cost.  Try  It.  57  years.  1,200  acres.  (18) 

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SPECI0SA  TREES.  MUe 

R  I  QH  are  true  lo  name.  Free  booklet 

vn  I  HLrn  h.  c.  Rogers, 

Box  311  Mechaaicsburfl,  Ohio 


FRUIT  TREES 


Eldorado  Blackberries,  Strawberry  and 
Raspberry  Plants.  Catalog  free. 

BARNES  BROS.  NURSERY  GO. 

Box  8f  Yalesville,  Conn. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


6 


THE  GROWING  SEASON. 

In  looking  at  my  young  oak  trees  in 
the  Fall  of  1909,  I  thought  the  trunks 
looked  bigger  than  in  midsummer.  As 
I  had  not  measured  them  I  could  not 
be  sure,  but  I  determined  to  watch 
them  this  year.  I  have  just  completed 
my  measurements,  and  give  them  for 
the  benefit  of  jrour  readers.  In  the  ac¬ 
companying  diagram.  Fig.  8,  the 
vertical  lines  show  the  time  the  meas¬ 
urements  were  taken.  The  distance 
from  the  base  to  the  slanting  cross  lines 
running  from  each  tree  name  shows  the 
actual  circumference  of  the  tree  at  each 
date.  Then  the  variation  in  slant  will 
indicate  the  relative  rapidity  of  growth 
of  the  different  trees  and  the  variation 
in  rapidity  of  growth  in  different 
months ;  the  straight  lines  across  the 
last  column  meaning  no  growth  be¬ 
tween  September  10  and  November  6. 
Of  course  the  apparent  decrease  of  two 
in  the  last  column  may  be  explained  by 
slight  inaccuracy  in  measuring.  The 
vertical  distance  between  the  two  ends 
of  each  line  shows  the  season’s  in¬ 
crease  in  circumference,  the  English 
elm  having  grown  over  two  inches  and 
the  Kieffer  pear  only  a  half  inch.  All 
grow  under  similar  conditions  in  clay 
soil  on  a  town  lot.  They  were  meas¬ 
ured  with  a  strip  of  paper  six  inches 
above  the  ground.  This  strip  with  the 
marks  for  each  tree  was  then  applied 


ENGLISH  ELf\ 
SOURCHERRY/. 
STAY.  WIN  E5  AR \\ 
SILVER  MAPLE})’ 
GRIMES  G0LDEH.V; 
YELLOW  TRANSRAR.'-. 
NEFFER  PEAR.'" 
NORWAY  MAPLE.  - " 
WILLOW  OAK/) 
PIN  OAK... 


DIAGRAM  OF  TREE  GROWTH.  Fig.  8. 

to  the  chart  and  the  cross  lines  drawn 
from  the  previous  measurement. 

We  see  that  the  most  growth  was 
made  in  June  and  July.  The  neglect  to 
take  a  record  between  June  5  and  July 
26  leaves  us  in  doubt  as  to  the  exact 
time  of  greatest  growth.  Little  growth 
was  made  before  June  except  by  the 
Norway  maple,  although  the  young 
twigs  had  grown  greatly  in  length  be¬ 
fore  that  on  the  maples  and  fruit  trees. 
Most  of  the  trees  grew  but  little  after 
midsummer,  but  even  the  long  drought 
did  not  stop  the  oaks  till  late,  while  the 
English  elm  grew  all  Summer  and  ap¬ 
parently  took  a  fresh  start  after  the 
drought.  I  wish  to  commend  this  as 
a  method  of  measuring  the  value  of  the 
sum  of  all  the  factors  affecting  growth, 
which  if  kept  with  weekly  measure¬ 
ments  would  show  all  the  annual  varia¬ 
tions  of  growing  conditions  as  well  as 
give  a  means  of  comparing  different 
years  and  situations  more  accurate  than 
weather  records  or  soil  analyses.  Tak¬ 
ing  the  average  of  growth  in  length  of 
several  kinds  of  vines  grown  under  dif¬ 
ferent  conditions  would  be  an  easier 
method.  The  following  would  do. 
Boston  ivy,  grape,  bean,  hop,  Sweet  po¬ 
tato,  Madeira  vine,  Crimson  Rambler 
rose,  balloon  vine,  morning-glory,  Japa¬ 
nese  honeysuckle,  pumpkin,  gourd, 
ihose  that  continue  growth  throughout 
tne  Summer  would  be  more  useful. 

J.  B.  S.  NORTON. 

Maryland  Experiment  Station. 


BULK  OR  QUALITY  IN  SILAGE. 

Your  article  on  page  1140  entitled 
the  New  England  Corn  Show,”  raises 
the  very  important  question  of  what 
should  be  our  purpose  in  growing  sil¬ 
age  corn — yield  per  acre  or  quality  of 
product.  Perhaps  the  conditions  sur¬ 
rounding  the  dairyman  will  to  a  certain 
extent  determine  the  answer.  If  he  is 
working  high-priced  land  and  is  get- 
Ung  a  high  price  for  dairy  products  it 
may  be  profitable  for  him  to  grow  as 
much  rough  feed  as  possible  per  acre, 
making  up  any  deficiency  in  feeding 


value  with  an  extra  grain  ration.  But 
how  is  it  with  the  dairyman  who  must 
produce  milk  as  cheaply  as  possible,  and 
who  wishes  to  provide  as  much  nutri¬ 
ment  as  possible  in  the  home-grown 
rough  feeds?  I  believe  such  a  man 
cannot  afford  to  grow  silage  corn 
which  will  not  mature  ears  in  an  aver¬ 
age  season.  It  is  absolutely  necessary 
to  provide  a  certain  amount  of  coarse, 
bulky  feed  in  the  ration,  but  the  amount 
of  such  feed  which  the  animal  can 
consume  and  digest  is  necessarily  limit¬ 
ed.  Performance  at  the  pail  does  not 
depend  upon  gross  weight  of  feed  con¬ 
sumed,  _  but  upon  nutriment  consumed 
and  digested.  It  follows,  therefore, 
that  if  we  supply  any  part  of  a  ration 
which  is  not  up  to  the  highest  possible 
standard  we  have  lost  an  opportunity 
to  make  the  animal  do  its  best.  Now 
what  is  the  case  when  we  feed  silage 
from  corn  which  does  not  mature?  The 
Vefmont  Experiment  Station  in  1900 
and  1901  planted  four  varieties  of  corn: 
Sanford,  a  medium  early  flint,  and 
three  later  maturing  and  larger  yield¬ 
ing  dents.  The  results  are  summarized 
in  the  twentieth  annual  report,  as  fol¬ 
lows  : 

The  larger  corns  produced  from  50  to 
70  per  cent  more  gross  weight  than  did 
the  Sanford,  but  averaged  only  10  per  cent 
more  dry  matter,  and  that  was  less  mature. 
The  several  crops  were  ensiled  and  fed. 
When  the  cows  were  changed  from  San¬ 
ford  silage  to  that  made  from  the  larger 
growths,  shrinkage  of  milk  flow  ensued  un¬ 
less  an  increased  amount  of  silage  was 
fed.  The  Sanford  silage  was  a  shade 
richer  in  protein  and  much  richer  in  car¬ 
bohydrates  than  that  made  from  the 
larger  growths,  doubtless  due  to  its  greater 
maturity.  The  large  corns  look  impres¬ 
sive,  but  they  yield  but  little  or  no  more 
actual  food  matter  than  do  some  smaller 
varieties.  The  farmer  has,  moreover,  to 
harvest  and  house  largo  tonnages  of  water 
which  may  generally  be  procured  cheaper 
in  other  ways. 

The  results  of  seven  trials  at  the 
Maine  Station  comparing  Southern 
corn  with  field  corn  show  an  increase 
of  12,492  pounds  green  weight  in  favor 
of  the  former,  but  when  it  comes  to 
digestible  substance  the  gain  is  but  175 
pounds.  Now,  is  it  profitable  to  grow 
and  handle  six  tons  of  green  weight 
in  order  to  secure  175  pounds  of  diges¬ 
tible  dry  matter?  In  answering  this 
question  we  must  not  only  take  into 
consideration  the  fact  that  an  extra 
weight  must  be  handled,  but  also  the 
fact  that  the  animal  must  consume  and 
digest  a  much  larger  bulk.  I  believe 
all  things  considered  the  smaller  crop 
will  put  more  dollars  in  the  dairyman’s 
pocket.  We  are  now  feeding  silage 
made  from  flint  corn  which  was  plant¬ 
ed  so  thickly  that  no  ears  were  formed. 
The  yield  was  large  for  a  flint,  fully  20 
tons  to  the  acre,  but  we  cannot  get  the 
cows  to  consume  enough  of  this  so  that 
they  make  their  usual  records.  Instead 
of  aiming  for  enormous  yields  of  im¬ 
mature  green  silage  corn  per  acre,  will 
we  not  come  out  better  if  we  try  to 
develop  as  large  a  yielding  variety  as 
will  mature  in  our  locality,  and  then 
plant  this  variety  so  that  it  will  ear  well, 
cutting  the  whole  plant  into  the  silo? 

Vermont.  e.  s.  brigham. 


BEAUTIFULLY  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOG 

114  Large  Pages— Mailed  Free 


( About  K  Natural  Size) 

ESCHSCHOLTZIA  THORBURNI 

( California  Poppy) 

anmlal-  Sow  outdoors  in  Spring. 

I  he  grandest  of  all  Eschscholtzias.  The 
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novelty  and  a  copy  of  our  beautiful  catalog— 
ihe  best  Seed  annual  published  in  America — for 
only  lOeents,  stamps  or  coin.  (Regular 
price  of  Seed,  lo  cents  packet.)  Write  today. 

J.  M.  THORBURN  &  CO 

DEPT.  Y  | 

33  BARCLAY  ST.,  NEW  YORK 


Free  guide  to  lighter  work. 


The  Planet  Jr  19  n  illustrated  catalogue  is  a 
^complete  guide  to  lighter  farm  work,  better 
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Bog  1107  Y  PhilaPa 

|  No.  11  *1  Planet  Jr 
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has  an  important  im-J 
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Planet  Jr 
Combined 
Hill  and 
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SAVE  MONEY«*FRUIT  PLANTS 


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but  you  cannot  expect  to  grow  good  fruit  by  planting 
and  replanting  small  inferior  stock. 

Our  plants  are  all  grown  on  new  ground  (this  being 
the  first  crop)  and  are  large,  heavy  rooted  and  free 
from  disease. 

We  grow  them  by  the  million  on  our  own  ground 
and  know  what  we  are  selling.  That  is  why  our  busi¬ 
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twenty-two  years. 

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Will  Yield  $500  to  $800  per  Acre 

THE  Kellogg  1911  strawberry  book  is  the  most 
complete  treatise  on  strawberry  growing  ever 
written.  It  tells  the  farmer  how  to  grow  big 
crops  of  big,  red  strawberries  and  how  to  sell 
them  at  big  prices.  No  matter  where  you  live  or 
what  kind  of  soil  you  have,  this  book  will  tell  you 
how  to  prepare  your  soil,  what  varieties  to  set, 
and  how  to  manage  the  plants  to  Insure  best 
results.  One  acre  of  Kellogg  Thoroughbred 
Plants  grown  the  Kellogg  way  will  yield  S500  to 
$800.  Get  this  beautifully  illustrated  64-page 
book  and  learn  how  easy  It  is  to  grow  straw¬ 
berries  for  market  or  home  use.  It’s  free. 

R.  M.  KELLOGG  COMPANY,  Box  480  Three  Rivers,  Mlcb. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  THAT  GROW 


You  will  find  my  new  1911 
seed  catalog  a  real  help  to  you. 

It  contains  useful  information 
that  will  help  solve  your  farm 
and  garden  problems.  Also  a  com¬ 
plete  list  of  the  choicest  varieties  of 
tested  farm  and  garden  seeds  that 
will  produce  the  best  results. 

Send  for  it  today.  A  postal  mentioning 
The  Rural  New-Yorker  will  bring  it  to 
you  promptly. 

On  receipt  of  10c  in  coin  or  stamps,  I  will 
also  send  you  three  10c  packets  of  seed 

—one  each  of  my  unequaled  Bonny  Best 
Early  Tomatoes,  new  Sparkler  White  Tip 
Radish  and  orchid  flowering  Sweet  Peas. 

Walter  P.  Stokes  , 

Dept.  L,  219  Market  St.,  Philadelphia  < 


THAT  DO  NOT  DISAPPOINT 


All  Standard  Varieties.  Also  RASPBERRY,  BLACKBERRY. 
CURRANT  and  GRAPE  Plants  and  ASPARAGUS  Roots  in 
ASSORTMENT.  WARRANTED  TRUE-TO-NAME,  and  of 
GRADE  represented.  Catalog  with  Cultural  Instructions  FREE 

C  E.  WHITTEN.  BOX  11,  BRIDGMAN.  MICHIGAN. 

I®  1®  I  I  Sold  on  The  Ford  Plan,  which  guar- 
antees  satisfaction  and  saves  you 
money  on  every  purchase.  Our  cat¬ 
alog  tells  about  it,  gives  descriptions  and  low  prices  on 
Best  varieties  Garden,  Flower  and  Field  Seeds,  Pota¬ 
toes,  Bulbs,  Trees,  Shrubs  and  Small  Fruit  Plants.  Con¬ 
tains  lots  of  testimonials  from  our  customers.  It’s  free. 

FOKD  SEED  CO.,  Dept.  34,  Kavenna,  Ohio. 


GREGORY’S  HONESTI 

FLOWER  SEED  OFFER 

We  will  send  you  these  ten  packages  of  Gregory’s 
Honest  Flower  Seeds,  postpaid,  for  25  cents  In  coin. 1 
_  90  cents  worth  for  25  cents 

1  pkg.  Aster.  Gregory’s  Special  Fancy  Mixture,  .  .  10c. 
1  pkg-  Pansy,  Gregory’s  Special  Fancy  Mixture,  .  15c. 
1  pkg.  Coreopsis,  Gregory’s  Special  Fancy  Mixture,  05c. 
J  Pkk-  Poppy,  Gregory’s  Faney  Double  Mixed  Annuals'  10c 

1  pkg.  Mignonette,  Gregory’*  Lnrge  Flowering, very  rleh  10c! 
}  ‘  “a^heIor  Button,  Gregory’s  Finest  Mixture,  He. 

1  pkg.  I  etunia,  Gregory’s  Finest  Hybrid  Mixture,  .  15c. 
1  pkg.  Candytuft,  Gregory’s  Finest  Mixed,  .  .  .05c. 
1  pkg.  Nasturtium,  Dwarf,  Finest  Mixed,  .  .  .  .05c 
^pkg.  Sweet  Peas,  Extra  Choice  Mixed,  .  .  .  .  05c! 

10  packages  sent  for  25c  in  coin. 
Our '1911  Catalogue  .morel 

.  profusely  illustrated  than  ever, 

^HONEST  J#  is  just  out.  A  copy  to  you  for 

Ve?-, _ the  asking. 

J.J.  H.  GREGORY  &  SON, 

1  4  Elm  St.,  Marblehead,  Mass, 


gj  Cabbago  Sood— We  sup-f 
ply  largest  growers  in  U.S.l 
Cauliflower  —  Danish’ 
grown,  large,  fertile  seed. 

Onion  Seed— No  cleaner,  truer  seed. 

Cucumber  Sood— White  as  chalk.  ^ 

Also  pedigreed  Peas,  Beane  and  Sweet  Corn.  About 
J4  usual  prices.  We  sell  direct— no  middlemen.  Write. 

-  FORREST  SEED  CO.,  Box  32  Cortland.  N.Y. 

(P  r.  LLn  C  _  J  All  the  best  varieties, 

5jCGQ  including  the  grand 
6  new  variety  GLORY.  i 

Tins  is  very  early,  solid,  white  and  flnest  quality.  It’s  a 
money-maker  for  you.  Our  catalog,  sent  free  to  all,  tells 
all  about  it  and  Ford’s  Sound  Seeds  of  all  kinds.  Writ©  today 

iTOKD  SEED  CO.,  Dept.  24,  Kaveima.  Ohio. 


Alfalfa  Book 

crFREE 


We  are 
in  the  center 

of  the  alfalfa  district  — w 

and  are  the  largest  handlers  of 
alfalfa  in  the  U.  S.  We  sell  best  grade  w 
a‘ ^  price.  Ask  for  Free  Alfalfa  Booklet 
nfrairColleget£:0mery’  Nebraska  State  Agricul- 

Also  big  catalog  of  all  Garden  and  Field  Seeds  Free. 

Griswold  Seed  Co.,227  So.  loth  St..  Lincoln.  Neb. 


Peach  and  Apple  Trees 

For  fall  or  spring  planting.  Prices  right;  stock 
right.  MYER  &  SON,  Bridgoville,  Del. 

!i!S  GRAPEVINES 

69  v  arletle*.  Also  Small  Fruits,  Trees,  etc.  Best  Root¬ 
ed  Stock,  Genuine,  cheap,  2  sample  vine*  mailed  for  10c.  Desc. 
price-list  free,  LE'US  UOESCI1  St  SON,  BoxK.  Frsdonla,  N.  y. 


e 


THE  RURAIi  NEW-YORKER 


January  7, 


A  PERFECT  STAND 

Of  potato**  U  what  you  will  f.t  with  (sod 

Mod  ud  »n  Iron  Age  Planter  It  plants  100 
pat  cent,  without  mluu  ot  doublet  or  In¬ 
jury  to  the  teed.  Every  teed  piece  pieced. 

Jut*  right,  at  even  tpecet  end  covered  uni¬ 
formly.  The  boy  peys  for  bit  labor  10  to  20 
tlmea  over,  end  the  planter  payt  for  ittelf — 

•tkeny  near.  With  or  without  fertilirer  dlttrlbnter. 

Farm  and 

_  Garden  Tools 

bave  "made  food”  and  proven  their 
tuperiority  for  75  yeart.  8end 
postal  to-day  for  our  Anni¬ 
versary  Catalog— it  tells  all 
about  our  Potato  Planter*, 

Oultlratort,  Diggers,  Spray¬ 
ers,  Garden  Toole.  Wheel 
Host,  Drill!,  etc.,  and  ia 
IHS1.  Don't  delay. 

BATEMAN  M*P*0  CO. 
BOX  1026  9RENLOCH,  N.  J. 


mm 


HAMILTON  RESERVOIR 
ORCHARD 
HEATER 


Positively 
the  most 
effective 
heater  be¬ 
cause  of  its 
REGULATED 
FIRE.  Many 
other  points  of  superiority. 

Write  for  our  RED  BOOK  on  orchard 
heating  free.  Tells  you  how  best  to  smudee 

HAMILTON  ORCHARD'  HEATER  CO.,  Grand  Junction,  Cole. 


48  Million  Shortage 

Government  statistics  show  there  were  48,000,000  bush¬ 
els  less  of  potatoes  grown  In  the  United  States  last 
year  than  In  1909.  This  with  increasing  population 
must  necessarily  make  a  larger  demand  for  potatoes 
In  1911.  No  crop  as  a 

Money  Maker 

equals  It.  and  the  Information  showing  how  to  grow 
for  profit  will  be  mailed  absolutely  free  to  any  one 
asking  for  It.  Our  president  has  devoted  over  fifty 
years  to  the  study  of  potato  culture  and  the  manufac¬ 
ture  of  machinery  for  handling  the  crop  in  all  stages. 

ASPINWALL  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

437  Sabin  Street,  Jackson,  Michigan,  U.  S.  A. 
World’s  Oldest  and  Largest  Makers  of  Potato  Machinery. 


Make  Your 
Loading  Easy 


4  Out  out  the  backaches,  strains  and  ruptures  by 
using  low  Empire  Steel  Wheels  for  your  farm 
hauling.  Ton  can  put  on  a  bigger  load.  Half  the 
work.  Half  the  time.  Save  your  team.  Don’t 
out  up  your  fields. 

EMPIRE  LOW 
STEEL  WHEELS 

cost  only  one-half  as  much  as  wood¬ 
en  wheehi.  They  save  you  tire  cut¬ 
ting  and  repair  expense.  You  can 
change  your  wooden  wheels  for  your 
Empire  Steel  Wheels  any  time  in  5  minutes. 

Send  for  free  catalog  showing  wheels  and 
low-priced  Empire  Handy  Wagons. 

Empire  Mfg.  Co..  BoxgsX.  Quincy,  III. 


[mining  Water  on  the  Farm  SSsSOTa 

t  low  first  cost  with  an  automatic 

RIFE  RAM 

Cheapest  and  most  efficient 
water  supply  for  country 
place,  irrigation,  farms,  etc. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Booklet,  plans,  estimates  fre*. 

Rife  Engine  Co.  2429TrinityBldg„N.T. 


WAT  •rtf  f  DRILLING 
W  I/LfLf  MACHINES 

Over  70  sizes  and  styles,  for  drilling  either  deep  or 
•hallow  wells  in  any  kind  of  soil  or  rock.  Mounted  on 
wheels  or  on  sills.  With  enginesor  horse  powers.  Strong; 
pimple  and  durable.  Any  mechanic  can  operate  them 
Many.  Send  for  catalog. 

WILLIAMS  BROS.,  Ithaca.  N.  Y. 


SAVE  HALF  THE  LABOR 


in  sa  wing  wood.  You  can  do 
this  and  at  the  same  time, 
cut  more  wood  in  a  given 
time  than  in  any  other  way 
by  using 


Table  is  mounted  on  grooved  rolls,  moves 
easily— cut  of  saw  is  down  instead  of 
against  the  operator  as  in  old  style  ma¬ 
chines.  Must  be  seen  to  be  appreciated.  We  also 
manufacture  Drag  Saws,  Saw  and  Shingle  Mills. 
<l«t  our  prices  on  Canvas  Belting;  they  will  surprise  yon. 

Send  tor  prices  and  lull  information. 

Ireland  Machine  8  Foundry  Co.,14State  St.,Norwich,N.Y. 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.S.  PATENT  OFFICE. 


.  .  .  SOLELY  MANUFACTURED  BY  .  .  . 

*The  Rogers  Cl  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn., 

Send  for  Free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
the  Hubbard  “Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


CROPS  AND  PRICES. 

An  unusually  dry  Fall ;  Mississippi  RiTer 
lowest  on  record,  at  this  point  one  foot 
lower.  Winter  wheat  I  would  judge  75 
per  cent  of  usual  stand,  fields  infested 
with  Hessian  fly,  some  few  fields  badly. 
Probabilities  are  that  great  damage  will 
be  done  by  the  Spring  brood  of  Hessian 
fly.  Fall-sown  grass  seed  badly  damaged 
by  dry  weather.  Corn  crop  was  good  in 
this  section ;  oat  crop  an  average wheat 
below  an  average ;  hay,  good  crops. 

Nauvoo,  Ill.  M.  H. 

At  present  shelled  corn  is  33  cents  per 
bushel,  56  pounds ;  oats  25  cents  per  bushel 
of  32  pounds.  Wheat  bran  is  $1.15  per 
hundred  barrels;  hay  (wild  or  prairie)  $10 
per  ton.  Corn  fodder  at  present  is  not 
sold,  most  of  this  feed  is  left  in  the  field 
and  cattle  turned  out,  but  this  latter  prac¬ 
tice  is  rather  wasteful,  which  will  be  reme¬ 
died  in  the  near  future,  as  land  values  are 
getting  on  a  rather  high  level  for  a  west¬ 
ern  country.  Land  is  selling  at  $60  to  $125 
per  acre,  accord  to  improvements  and  loca¬ 
tion.  C.  L. 

Pierce.  Neb. 

The  dairy  and  cold  storage  commissioner 
of  the  Dominion  Agricultural  Department 
reports  on  experimental  shipment  of 
peaches  made  to  Great  Britain  from  Can¬ 
ada  last  Autumn  that,  averaging  the  ship¬ 
ments  to  the  different  markets,  the  peaches 
sold  in  Great  Britain  for  $1.04  per  case 
of  20  to  23  peaches.  The  costs  to  be 
deducted  were  inland  and  ocean  freight 
from  St.  Catherines,  Ontario,  13.6  cents 
per  case,  and  selling  charges  in  Great 
Britain,  including  commission,  9.7  cents 
per  case,  leaving  a  net  price  of  80.7  cents 
per  case  f.  o.  b.  St.  Catherines.  On  these 
shipments  this  figured  out  13  cents  per 
pound,  or  about  40  cents  per  dozen  to  the 
shipper. 

The  apple  crop  in  Augusta  County,  Vir¬ 
ginia,  was  very  good  this  year ;  13,042  cars 
of  apples  were  shipped,  aggregating  248,- 
170  barrels,  at  an  estimated  value  of  about 
$600,000.  This  is  only  the  beginning  of 
the  real  apple  industry  in  that  part  of 
Virginia.  Up  to  within  a  few  years  ago 
very  little  spraying  was  done,  and  the 
scale  and  other  insects  had  begun  to  in¬ 
jure  the  orchards.  The  Virginia  Horticul¬ 
tural  Society,  through  its  campaign  for 
better  fruit,  started  a  great  interest  in 
spraying  and  thorough  care,  with  the  re¬ 
sult  that  large  quantities  of  insecticides 
have  been  used,  fine  fruit  turned  out,  and 
what  is  better,  a  great  interest  developed. 
At  the  next  meeting  of  the  Horticultural 
Society  in  Roanoke  January  11  to  13, 
there  will  be  a  hard  competition  for  the 
prize  of  the  best  five  boxes  of  fruit,  and 
everything  indicates  a  wonderful  develop¬ 
ment  of  Virginia  orcharding. 

Winter  began  November  30  in  the  form 
of  a  raging  blizzard,  and  has  continued  to 
this  date  (December  20)  though  without 
the  blizzard  part  now.  Ground  covered 
with  snow ;  a  steady  cold  without  wind. 
Wheat  crop  well  protected ;  large  area 
sown  and  made  fine  Fall  growth.  Some 
corn  still  out  in  the  fields  and  little  head¬ 
way  can  be  made  in  husking  now.  Stock 
outlook  better  than  one  year  ago-  still 
there  is  a  shortage  in  some  kinds.  Health 
of  animals  unusually  good ;  no  cholera 
among  hogs.  Scarcity  of  beef  cattle  makes 
them  in  good  demand.  Horses  are  also  in 
good  demand.  Business  outlook  fair.  The 
holiday  trade  will  be  large.  Farmers  are 
waking  up  and  are  beginning  to  act  in 
many  important  matters.  High  time,  too. 
Wheat,  92  cents ;  corn,  37 ;  oats,  32  ;  hogs, 
$7.75  per  100 ;  cattle,  5  cents  per  pound ; 
potatoes,  90  cents  bushel;  apples,  $1.50 
bushel ;  butter,  30  cents  a  pound ;  eggs,  53 
cents  a  dozen  ;  poultry,  8  to  9  cents ;  poul¬ 
try,  young,  10  cents;  hay,  scarce,  $14  and 
$15;  Timothy,  $12  to  $13  clover.  J.  H.  H. 

Carroll  Co.,  lnd. 


SUCCESSFUL  CO-OPERATION. 

In  November,  1909,  the  Producers’  and 
Consumers'  Exchange  was  incorporated  at 
Brunswick,  Me.,  with  a  capital  of  $10,000, 
divided  in  shares  of  $1  each.  The  object 
in  making  the  price  of  shares  so  small  was 
to  give  everyone  a  chance  to  join  with 
us.  It  was  thought  that  a  company  com¬ 
posed  of  8,000  to  10,000  active  members 
could  do  more  good  than  if  the  shares 
were  placed  higher  and  a  less  number  of 
shareholders.  Last  April  headquarters 
were  opened  in  Boston,  and  the  Exchange 
began  its  fight  to  sell  the  produce  of  its 
members  and  purchase  the  supplies  needed. 
While  no  startling  results  have  been  ap¬ 
parent,  the  Exchange  has  made  a  steady 
growth  and  sold  for  its  members  some¬ 
thing  like  $22,000  worth  of  potatoes,  hay, 
apples,  eggs,  butter,  poultry,  etc.,  at  prices 
in  most  cases  a  little  over  the  market, 
and  bought  supplies  consisting  of  fertilizer, 
chemicals,  grass  seeds,  groceries,  farm 
tools,  etc.,  at  quite  a  saving.  The  work 
of  the  Exchange  is  being  closely  watched 
by  both  its  friends  and  enemies,  and  the 
enemies  have  put  all  the  obstacles  possible 
in  its  way.  It  is  a  difficult  task  to  find  a 
market  for  the  produce  of  our  members 
in  the  face  of  lie  opposition  which  the 
Exchange  is  encountering,  but  it  is  being 
done.  The  most  serious  drawback  is  not 
having  sufficient  capital.  At  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Exchange  in  November  last 
Manville  Hall  was  elected  president ;  F.  S. 
Adams,  vice-president ;  B.  L.  Stevens,  treas¬ 
urer  and  manager ;  E.  H.  Libbey,  secretary 
of  the  Maine  State  Grange,  clerk ;  E.  C. 
Patten,  Overseer  of  Maine  State  Grange, 
auditor ;  C.  E.  Stetson,  Master  of  Maine 
State  Grange ;  M.  Hall,  F.  S.  Adams,  Cattle 
Commissioner,  and  E.  G.  Tilley  were  elected 
directors. 

At  the  State  Grange  of  Maine,  held  at 
Augusta,  December  20-22,  th(e  manager, 
B.  L.  Stevens,  was  present  and  made  a 
brief  report  of  what  the  Exchange  was 
trying  to  accomplish.  A  great  deal  of 
enthusiasm  was  displayed.  F.  S.  Adams, 
E.  C.  Adams  and  others  spoke  in  its  favor. 
Any  member  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry 
is  eligible  to  join  with  us.  and  become 
shareholders,  and  we  wish  that  every 
Patron  would  take  as  many  shares  as  pos¬ 
sible  at  $1  each.  We  have  been  talking 
cooperation  for  years,  and  now  that  we  are 
trying  to  put  it  into  actual  practice  we 
would  like  your  help. 

B.  L.  STEVENS,  Mgr. 


the  Full  Value  of 
Fence  Investment 


OW?  Use  good  cor¬ 
ner  and  end  posts,  well 
braced.  Then  stretch  the 
fence  —  stretch  it  till  it  sings. 
Ell  wood  fence  will  stand  any  stretching. 
You  cannot  break  it. 


Erect  your  fence  in  this  way  and 
it  will  last  twice  as  long.  Any 
fence  dealer  can  supply  the  tools. 
It  costs  no  more  to  erect  a  fence 
properly.  It  requires  no  greater 
effort  if  you  expend  a  little  thought 
to  get  the  knack  of  doing  it.  Our 
dealer  nearest  you  will  give  you 
a  booklet  explaining  how  to  erect 
a  fence — how  to  make  the  work 
easy  and  right. 

The  steel  in  Ellwood  fence  is 
specially  made  for  the  purpose 
from  carefully  selected  stock.  It 
is  hard,  elastic,  tough  and  springy. 
The  line  wires,  composed  of  two 


or  more  wires  twisted  into  cables, 
give  each  individual  wire  the  shape 
of  an  elongated  coiled  spring. 
The  fence  is  therefore  sufficiently 
elastic  to  take  care  of  expansion 
and  contraction,  and  yet  so  rigid 
when  properly  stretched  as  to  pre¬ 
vent  sagging.  The  small  and  per¬ 
manent  mesh  is  made  by  weaving 
one  continuous  wire  throughout 
the  fabric.  The  mesh  or  stay  wires 
are  so  interwoven  that  slipping 
is  impossible.  The  triangular  truss 
is  the  strongest  form  of  construc¬ 
tion  known.  For  this  reason, 
Ellwood  fence  will  stand  the 
hardest  usage  and  still  retain 
its  shape. 

Look  for 


Ellwood  Fence  is  sold  in  your  town.  tLhe  En 

•wood  dealer  and  let  him  show  you  his  different  styles  of  fence  and 
quote  you  his  low  prices.  Get  his  expert  advice  on  your  special 
needs.  He  is  on  the  spot,  buys  in  large  quantities,  gets  the  lowest 
carload  freight  rates,  demonstrates  quality  before  your  eyes  and  is 
the  man  from  whom  you  will  get  the  most  for  your  money. 

FRANK  BAACKES,  Vice  President  and  General  Sales  Agent 

American  Steel  &  Wire  Company 


Chicago 


New  York 


Denver 


San  Francisco 


Send  for  copy  of  “Ellwood  Fence  Hews,” profusely  illustrated,  devoted 
to  the  interests  of  farmers  and  showind  how  fence  may  be  employed  to 
enhance  the  earning  power  of  a  farm.  Furnished  free  upon  application . 


EMPIRE  FENCE 

the  genuine  EMPIRE  big 
wire  fence,  direct,  at  wholesale. 
Save  dealer’s  profits. 

Big  Factory.  Big 
Sales.  23  Styles 

No  traveling  salesmen,  small 
expense,  prices  low.  Every- 
guaranteed.  Free  samples  by 
mall.  Prices  of  leading  stylesfreight  pre¬ 
paid  to  all  points  north  ot  the  Ohio  and 
east  of  the  Mississippi  River: — 

Vires  Inches  high  Medium  Weight  Extra  heavy  (all  No.9) 

9  39  23c  per  rod  37c  per  rod 

10  47  2Cc  per  rod  tic  per  rod 

12  B5  S2c  per  rod  49c  per  rod 

Special  rates  beyond  this  territory. 

BOND  STEEL  POST  CO..  23  E.  Maunee  St..  Adrian.  Mich. 


.0  D 


FROST 
WIRE  FENCES 

Extra  Heavy  Weight  Farm  Fences.  Built 
for  service  and  satisfaction.  Quality 
first  consideration.  Best  material  snd 
workmanship  used  in  our  Woven 
Wire  or  Field  Erected  Fences. 
Ask  vour  dealer.  FREK  catalog. 

THE  FROST  WIRE  FENCE  CO. 
Dept.  H  Cl.EVF.LANT>,  O. 


FENCE 


Strongest 
Made — 

Made  of  High  Carbon  Double  Strength 
Coiled  Wire.  Heavily  Galvanised  to 
prevent  rust.  Have  no  agents.  Bell  at 
factory  prices  on  30  days’  free  trial. 
We  pay  al  I  freight.  37  heights  of  farm 
and  poultry  fence.  Catalog  Free. 

COILED  SPRING  FENCE  CO. 
Box  263  Winchester,  Indiana. 


13i  Cents  a  Rod 

-  P-S* For  18-in.  14  8-4e  for  22-in.  Hog  *«— 

Fence;  15e  for  26-inch;  18  3-4c 
1  for  32-inch;  25e  for  a  47-inch 
~  Farm  Fence.  48-inch  Poultry 
fence  38  l-2e.  Sold  on  30  days 
trial.  80  rod  spool  Ideal  Barb 
Wire  $1.45  Catalogue  free. 

KITSELMAN  BROS., 

Box  230  MUNCIE,  IND. 

maMmanaBtaasHsi 


LAWN  FENCE 

Many  Styles.  Sold  on  trial  at 
wholesale  prices.  Save  20 
to  30  per  cent.  Illustrated 
Catalogue  free.  Write  today. 

KITSELMAN  BROS. 

Box  440  Muncie,  Indian. 


LAWN  FENCE 

Many  designs.  Cheap  as 
wood.  32  page  Catalogue 
free.  Special  Prices  to 
Churches  and  Cemeteries, 
oiled  Spring  Fence  Co. 
Box  3  1  4  Winchester,  lnd. 


FENCE 


,  O  W  PRICES.  Ornamental  iron  fence  is  cheaper  than  wood 
ir  Lawns,  Churches,  Cemeteries,  Public  Grounds.  Best  Poultry 
nd  Farm  Fence.  Free  Catalog.  Write  lor  Special  Offer. 
iur  til  sen  etucc  rn  Rat  MR.  rinrstur.  lnd. 


■tUlll.  a  rod  27c 

Best  high  carbon  coiled  steel 
wire.  Easy  to  stretch  over 
hills  and  hollows.  FREE 
Catalog — f  ences,  tools.  Buy 
from  factory  at  wholesale 
prices.  Write  today  to  Box  67 
Yi.  H.  MASON,  LEESBURG. O. 


•St — '  - (fj - Uh  —  ■•A/  ——Vi/ 

I  FE/Nf 


Rust  Proof  -  Bull  Strong 

Fences  for  horses,  cattle,  sheep, 
hogs,  chickens,  etc.  160  styles. 

BARGAIN  PRICES: 

14  Cents  Per  Rod  Up. 

We  pay  the  freight.  Lawn  Fences 
and  Gates.  Free  catalog  and  sample. 

Th»  Rrnwn  Fence  &  Wire  Co.. 


Pi 

m 


PUT  UP  REPUBLIC  FARM  CATES 


fnex- 


Handsome  Catalog  of  Republic  Farm 
Gates  and  Ornamental  Fences  sent 
FREE 

REPUBLIC  FENCE  4  GATE  CO., 


And  see  for  yourself  how  convenient, 
pensive  and  durable  they  are. 

Easily  raised  above  snow  drifts,  or  to  allow  chickens  or  hogs 
to  pass,  at  the  same  time  turning  cattle  and  horses. 

Cost  less  than  wooden  gates,  more  easily  handled 
and  last  ten  times  as  long. 

REPUBLIC  FARM  GATES 

arc  built  to  stand  the  wear  and  tear  of  years.  Frame  made  I 
of  high  carbon  extra  heavy  tubular  steel,  thoroughly  braced 
to  prevent  sagging.  No  holes  to  weaken  the  gate.  Fabric  is  I 
lar^e  heavily  galvanized,  rust  proof  wires,  closely  spaced.  | 

A  gate  that  weather  and  stock  cannot  destroy. 

211  Republic  St., 
NORTH  CHICAGO,  ILL. 


1911. 


THE  KUKAb  NEW-YORKER 


7 


CHANGEABLE  ROTATION. 

W.  B.  D.,  Mount  Vernon,  N.  Y. — I  have 
read  ‘‘Thirty  Years  of  Chemicals  and 
Clover,”  and  I  believe  It  is  of  great  value 
to  a  progressive  farmer.  My  farm  is  in 
Putnam  County,  N.  Y.,  and  I  am  running 
It  with  hired  help,  and  of  course  find  it 
difficult  to  make  it  even  carry  itself.  I 
supervise  all  the  work  and  take  great  in¬ 
terest  in  its  management  and  care  ;  did  bet- 
tre  this  year  than  ever  before,  selling  about 
$800  worth  of  apples  and  potatoes.  I  de¬ 
sire  to  follow  your  suggestion  as  to  rota¬ 
tion  as  near  as  possible,  and  ask  if  in  your 
judgment  this  would  be  a  good  rotation 
for  me  to  follow,  as  I  think  I  could  use 
oats  to  better  advantage  than  wheat.  (If 
I  am  wrong  in  this,  I  -wish  you  would 
correct  me.)  First  year,  corn.  Second 
year,  potatoes,  and  these  ripening  in  the 
Fall,  the  ground  would  have  to  be  left 
bare  for  the  Winter  and  until  Spring.  In 
the  Spring  or  third  year  sow  oats  and 
clover  and  grass  seed.  Harvest  the  oats 
and  then  for  two  years,  or  the  fourth  and 
fifth  years,  grow  grass  and  cut  hay  and 
then  continue  this  rotation  over  again.  If 
this  rotation  would  be  the  best  I  could 
follow,  what  aniount  and  kind  of  clover 
and  grass  seed  would  you  advise  me  using? 
The  land  I  would  use  as  outlined  is  mostly 
high  land,  but  fairly  level,  some  Slope  but 
not  steep.  I  have  come  to  the  conclusion 
that  it  is  best  for  me  to  plant  a  rather 
late  potato,  as  I  can  handle  the  crop  later 
In  Fall,  better  than  at  an  earlier  time.  We 
have  apples  to  gather  in  the  Fall  as  well, 
and  local  people  to  whom  I  sell  potatoes 
will  not  buy  until  later  in  Fall,  and  by 
having  a  late  potato  I  do  not  have  to 
store  them  until  I  can  sell  them. 

Ans. — The  rotation  in  “Chemicals  and 
Clover”  is  corn,  potatoes,  wheat  and 
grass  two  years.  Under  this  system  it 
is  necessary  to  use  early  potatoes  so  as 
to  get  them  out  in  time  for  wheat  seed¬ 
ing.  We  doubt  if  the  oats  will  pay 
better  than  wheat,  and  the  change  will 
mean  more  Spring  plowing.  As  -  you 
are  situated,  the  change  may  be  better. 
We  should  sow  Crimson  clover  and 
turnips  or  vetch  in  the  corn  at  last 
working  to  plow  under  in  Spring.  Even 
with  late  potatoes  we  should  sow  rye 
after  digging.  This  plan  works  well 
with  us.  Dig  the  potatoes  and  work 
over  the  field  with  a  spring-tooth,  lift¬ 
ing  it  at  intervals  so  as  to  bunch  the 
vines  and  weeds.  Haul  these  off  and 
pile  around  young  trees.  Sow  rye  after 
the  spring-tooth  and  cover  with  Acme 
or  spike  harrow.  This  rye  will  save 
nitrates  and  add  humus  to  the  soil.  It 
will  no  doubt  pay  you  to  use  lime  in 
this  rotation.  We  should  do  so  when 
seeding  to  oats  and  grass.  We  use 
four  pounds  each  Alsike  and  Red  clover. 
If  the  hay  is  to  be  sold  use  Timothy 
seed  alone,  about  15  quarts  per  acre. 
If  for  home  feeding  add  five  quarts 
Red-top  seed. 

A  STUDY  OF  SOILS. 

E.  P.,  Windsor,  Conn. — I  hope  to  pur¬ 
chase  a  farm  for  the  purpose  of  putting 
out  an  apple  orchard.  It  will  probably  be 
somewhere  within  30  miles  of  the  Connec¬ 
ticut  River  if  in  Connecticut,  or  in  the 
Berkshires  if  in  Massachusetts.  The  Gov¬ 
ernment  has  made  a  soil  survey  of  the 
Connecticut  River  Valley,  listing  thereon 
two  soils  that  I  think  look  like  good  apple 
soils,  triassic  stony  loam  and  Endfield 
sandy  loam.  The  first  a  dark  Indian  red 
color,  and  the  second  a  grayish  loam  over¬ 
laying  the  triassic  loam.  The  red  color 
of  the  soils  is  supposed  to  give  a  higher 
color  to  apples.  Is  this  correct?  What 
elevation  and  exposure  are  desirable?  I 
wish  to  obtain  the  right  situation. 

Ans. — The  soils  of  New  England  had 
such  a  mixing  up  in  our  early  history, 
and  the  surface  has  been  left  so  un¬ 
even  that  we  find  a  great  many  varie¬ 
ties  on  soils  of  even  small  farms.  We 
may  find  soils  that  will  produce  es¬ 
pecially  fine  apples  on  one  part  of  a 
farm,  peaches  upon  another,  grapes  on 
others  and  perhaps  all  of  the  fruits  upon 
some  portions.  These  areas,  however, 
are  generally  small,  though  in  Massa¬ 
chusetts  belts  may  be  found  of  con¬ 
siderable  extent.  Thus  from  Worcester 
through  the  towns  of  Grafton,  West- 
boro,  Upton,  Hopkinson,  Holliston,  \ 
Sherborn,  Medway,  etc.,  we  find  a  belt  j 
of  25  or  more  miles  long  and  from  four 
to  six  miles  wide,  where  apple  trees 
grow  vigorously  and  attain  large  size. 
Another  belt  extends  from  Fitchburg 


easterly  to  Concord  and  Lexington  and 
through  to  Newburyport,  from  25  to  30 
miles  long,  especially  suited  to  the 
growth  of  the  apple.  The  best  of  the 
land  in  these  belts  is  on  high  elevation, 
with  west  or  northwest  exposure,  though 
good  grass  land  will  generally  produce 
good  apples.  Soil  analyses  are  only 
valuable  where  there  are  large  areas 
of  soil  of  the  same  character.  A  simple 
and  very  satisfactory  method  of  de¬ 
termining  the  value  of  soil  for  the  apple 
is  to  note  the  growth  of  the  apple  trees 
upon  it  or  that  near  by.  If  the  trees 
are  large  and  vigorous  and  have  sound 
trunks,  we  may  conclude  that  young 
trees  will  thrive  in  it  under  proper 
conditions.  There  is  great  interest  in 
apple  growing  at  this  time  and  some 
remarkable  results  have  been  obtained 
in  renovating  old  orchards  where  the 
trees  have  been  pruned,  sprayed  and 
fertilized.  s.  t.  maynard. 

RUST  RESISTING  IRON. 

The  consular  reports  from  Washington 
contain  the  following: 

Consul  Albert  Ilalstcad,  of  Birmingham, 
calls  attention  to  the  announcement  by  a 
British  journal  of  a  new  rust-proofing  pro¬ 
cess  for  iron  and  steel.  The  article  is 
boiled  in  one  gallon  of  water  to  which  is 
added  four  ounces  of  phosphoric  acid,  and 
one  ounce  of  iron  filings.  A  black  non¬ 
corroding  coating  is  produced. 

This  was  mentioned  some  years  ago, 
and  we  tried  to  find  out  about  it.  In¬ 
quiry  at  the  Agricultural  Department 
brings  out  the  following : 

This  office  has  had  no  experience  in 
the  treatment  of  iron  for  the  prevention 
of  rust  according  to  the  process  you  men¬ 
tion.  This  method  is  known  as  the  Cos- 
lett  rust-preventing  process,  and  aims  to 
provide  a  coating  of  phosphate  of  iron 
over  the  metal  to  be  -protected.  It  is 
stated  that  articles  so  tr  *ated  present  a 
surface  finish  similar  to  ebonite,  and  that 
the  temper  of  steel  articles  is  not  affected 
•by  the  process.  If  such  a  deposit  can 
actually  be  formed  on  the  metal  by  the 
process  as  described,  it  is  quite  possible 
that  rusting  will  be  prevented,  provided 
the  coating  does  not  crack  or  scale  off  after 
the  metal  is  exposed  to  the  weather.  In 
the  near  future  we  hope  to  carry  out  some 
experiments  along  this  line,  but  have  not 
as  yet  done  so.  vernox  n.  peiuce. 


Apple  Questions.— Has  any  one  fruited 
the  Delicious,  King  David  or  Senator 
apples  in  the  East?  If  so,  are  they  of 
any  value  for  an  eastern  orchardist?  Is 
the  filler  plan  with  apples  a  success?  By 
filler  plan  is  meant  setting  standard  trees, 
as  Baldwin,  from  35  to  40  feet  square, 
and  a  tree  like  Duchess  in  the  center  of 
square. _ A.  J.  henry. 

\\  hen  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reoly  and 
"a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  12. 

GOT  IT 

Get  Something  Else,  Too. 

“I  liked  my  coffee  strong  and  I  drank 
it  strong,  ’  says  a  Pennsylvania  woman, 
telling  a  good  story,  “and  although  I  had 
headaches  nearly  every  day  I  just  would 
not  believe  there  was  any  connection  be¬ 
tween  the  two.  I  had  weak  and  heavy 
spells  and  palpitation  of  the  heart,  too, 
and  although  husband  told  me  he  thought 
it  was  coffee  that  made  me  so  poorly,  and 
did  not  drink  it  himself  for  he  said  it  did 
not  agree  with  him,  yet  I  loved  my  coffee 
and  thought  I  just  couldn’t  do  without  it. 

"One  day  a  friend  called  at  my  home — 
that  was  a  year  ago.  I  spoke  about  how 
well  she  was  looking  and  she  said: 

“  ’Yes,  and  I  feel  well,  too.  It’s  be¬ 
cause  1  am  drinking  Postum  in  place  of 
ordinary  coffee.’ 

"I  said,  what  is  Postum? 

"  1  hen  she  told  me  how  it  was  a  food- 
drink  and  how  much  better  she  felt  since 
using  it  in  place  of  coffee  or  tea,  so  I  sent 
to  the  store  and  bought  a  package  and 
when  it  was  made  according  to  directions 
it  was  so  good  I  have  never  bought  a 
pound  of  coffee  since.  I  began  to  im¬ 
prove  immediately. 

"1  cannot  begin  to  tell  you  how  much 
better  I  feel  since  using  Postum  and 
leaving  coffee  alone.  My  health  is  bet¬ 
ter  than  it  has  been  for  years  and  I  can¬ 
not  say  enough  in  praise  of  this  delicious 
food  drink.” 

Take  away  the  destroyer  and  put  a  re- 
huilder  to  work  and  Nature  will  do  the 
rest.  That’s  what  you  do  when  Postum 
takes  coffee's  place  in  your  diet.  “There’s 
a  Reason.” 

Read  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs. 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new 
one  appears  from  time  to  time.  They 
are  genuine,  true,  and  full  of  human 
interest. 


AS  LONG  AS  YOU’RE 
GOING  TO  BUY  A  POWER 

SPRAYER  YOU’D  BETTER  GET 

THE  BEST-A  CHAMPION 


Costs  No  More  to  Buy  than  Ordinary  Outfits 
and  Costs  a  Lot  Less  Afterwards 

YOU  COULDN  T  DO  WORSE  than  to  buy  a  poor  sprayer — you’ll  pay  for 
it  twice  over  in  time  lost,  solution  wasted  and  repair  bills. 

OF  COURSE  IF  YOU  HAD  TO  PAY  MORE  for  the  best  sprayer— 
which  is  the  Champion — then  there  might  be  some  reason  in  saving  money 
and  taking  a  chance. 

BUT  THAT  iSN  T  THE  CASE  the  Champion  costs  actually  less  than 
inferior  power  sprayers  of  other  makes.  One  reason  is  the  Champion 
is  simpler,  therefore  costs  less  to  build  and  so  can  be  sold  for  less.  Then, 
too,  we  make  them  in  large  quantities — being  the  largest  exclusive 
manufacturers  of  power  sprayers  in  the  world,  and  we  give  you  the  benefit 
of  the  saving  we  effect  in  that  way. 

THE  SAME  SIMPLICITY  OF  DESIGN  that  enables  us  to  make  and 
sell  the  best  sprayer  for  the  price  of  an  ordinary  one  also  makes  the 
Champion  the  easiest  to  operate  and  the  most  economical. 

SO  THERE  S  ONLY  ONE  REASON  why  anyone  would  buy  any  othe 
power  sprayer — he  hasn’t  seen  a  Champion  in  operation  nor  investigated 
its  many  superior  features. 

YOU  OWE  IT  TO  YOURSELF  to  get  our  catalog,  study  the  technical 
description  of  this  splendid  outfit  and  let  us  send  you  the  names  of 
prominent  orchardists  everywhere  who  are  using  Champions.  The  rest 
will  be  easy. 

PLEASE  REMEMBER  THIS  we  are  specialists.  The  Champion  Manu¬ 
facturing  Company  manufactures  only  power  sprayers.  We  never  have 
made  water  pumps  nor  farm  machinery.  Sprayers  are  not  a  side  line  with  us. 

WE  DEVOTE  ALL  OUR  ENERGIES  to  making  the  best  power  sprayer 
possible — one  that  solves  all  problems  in  the  handling  of  all  kinds  of  solu¬ 
tions,  and  does  it  more  easily,  quickly  and  economically. 

ORDERS  ALWAYS  AHEAD  OF  SUPPLY.  So  send  for  catalog  at  once, 
then  order  quickly  so  as  not  to  suffer  delay  in  delivery.  Champion 
Automatic  Power  Sprayers  are  fully  guaranteed. 


DO  YOU  KNOW  the  Champion  nozzle — the  only  variable  one — does  away 
with  towers ;  sprays  the  highest  branches  or  lowest  from  the  ground ;  Lorn 
any  point  regardless  of  direction  of  wind ;  does  a  perfect  job — and  saves 
half  the  solution.  Look  into  it. 


Champion  Manufacturing  Co. 
Pontiac,  Michigan 

Department  D 


8 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


January  7, 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Thi 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
"a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  12. 


Be  Sure 


You  Write  Today 


SIT  down  right  now  and  write  for  our 
Free  Booklet  on  Gearless  Hay  Loaders. 
It  is  illustrated  in  colors  and  will  prove  val¬ 
uable  and  interesting  reading  to  every  farmer 
who  raises  hay,  alfalfa  or  beans.  The  light 
running  “  GEARLESS  ”  rakes  the  field 
clean  and  loads  the  hay  carefully  upon  the 
wagon  without  thrashing  out  the  seed  or 
chewing  up  the  hay  in  the  least. 

It  has  the  long,  easy,  sweep  stroke  of  the 
hand  rake,  adjusts  itself  automatically  to  the 
quantity  of  hay  whether  it  be  light  or  in 
windrows.  It  operates  by  one  man  (the 
driver)  and  can  be  depended  upon  every 
hour  of  the  haying  season. 

Our  booklet  tells  all  about.  Drop  us  a 
postal  today. 

LA  CROSSE  HAY  TOOL  CO. 

35TH  STREET  CHICAGO  HEIGHTS.  ILL. 


HANDY  GARDEN  TOOL 


IBONASE 


Here’s  a  practical  tool  for  the  farmer  or 
gardener— our  No.  6  Combined  Double  and 
Single  Wheel  Hoe,  Hill  and  Drill  Seeder. 
Four  tools  for  the  price  of  one.  It  plante 
In  hills  or  continuous  rows,  covers  the  seed, 
rolls  the  soil,  marks  the  next  row,  hoes, 
weeds  and  cultivates.  Simple,  easy  to  oper¬ 
ate,  and  does  a  day's  work  in  60  minutes. 

Farm  and 
Garden  Tools 

For  76  years  we  have 

made  dependable  tools 
of  quality  for  the 
farmer,  trucker  and 
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make  S3  garden  tools 
at  $2.50  to  $12.00  each. 

Write  to-day  for  Anniversary  Catalog 
describing  our  entire  line  including 
potato  planters,  cultivators,  sprayers, 
diggers,  orchard  and  other  tools. 

BATEMAN  M’F’G  CO. 

BOX  1022  GRENLOCH.  N,  J. 


Would  Ka  More  Water 

With  the  same  power  Infnfnot  Vnil? 

from  deep  wells  I II LCI  Ii  EUlli 
It  is  accomplished  with  the  Double-Acting 

“American” 

Deep  Well  Pump 

It  delivers  full  cylinder 
capacity  both  on  the  Down- 
stroke  and  the  Up-stroke. 

It  requires  at  no  time  more 
power  than  the  up-stroke  of 
a  single-acting  cylinder  of 
the  same  displacement. 

Send  for  the  most  com¬ 
plete  deep  well  catalogue 
ever  Issued,  No.  110  just  off 
the  press,  mailed  free. 

THE  AMERICAN  WELL  WORKS, 

General  Offlee  and  Works, 

Aurora,  Ill. ,  U.  S.  A.  - 

Chicago  Offlee,  -  -  First  National  Bank  Building. 


WRITE  for  My  1911  Price 
Proposition  and  Try  My 
Dan  Patch  Spreader  FREE 

Start  right  here  with  a  postal  to  me  and  inves¬ 
tigate  my  1911  Dan  Patch  Spreader— low  factory 
prices — exclusive  features  and  longest  free  trial 
proposition  on  time  or  for  cash.  Write  the 
others,  too,  if  you  wish.  I’ll  take  all  risks.  First  a 

Postal  Gets  Mv  TWO  BIG  BOOKS 


and  my  “Barn¬ 
yard  Cold 
Catalog. 


You  consider  and  compare  from 
large  photograph  color  illustra¬ 
tions  all  the  actual  practical 
points — of  my  spreader  (side  by 
side  in  .books  or  on  my  free 
trial  on  your  place).  Send  me 
no  money  if  you  say  so.  You 
decide.  Write  M.  W.  SAVAGE.  Prea. 
Th*  M.W.  Savage  Factories,  Inc. 

Dept. 115  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


I  WANT  FAIR  PLAY. 

For  45  years  I  have  fought  all  forms 
3  of  trust  combinations,  have  kept  my 
;;  prices  down  where  every  farmer  could 
j  buy  a  first  class  scale  at  a  fair  price 
J  and  have  protected  the  dealer.  Now 
fthe  implement  dealers  largely  sub- 
'  sidized  by  the  trusts  say  that  if  I  sell 
my  scales  to  a  farmer  they  won’t  let  me 

_  sell  to  any  dealer.  All  right.  I  am 

ready  for  the  fight.  Hereafter  my  price  is  the  same  to  all 
Money  talks  and  any  responsible  man  can  buy  my  scales 
on  approval  to  be  paid  for  on  agreed  terms  at  dealers 
price.  Money  talks  and  your  request  on  a  postal  card  will 
bring  you  my  offer  on  any  kind  of  a  scale  that  you  may 
want,  big  or  little.  Money  talks  and  if  you  have  the 
money  I  nave  the  scales  and  the  inclination  to  fight  the 
trust  which  says  that  no  man  can  buy  my  scales  without 
paying  a  profit  to  the  dealer.  Write  me  and  soon. 

“  JONES  He  Pays  the  Freight.” 

20  Fny  St.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE. 

The  salmon  pack  of  Alaska  and  the  Pa¬ 
cific  Northwest  for  1910  brought  the  can- 
ners  $19,000,000. 

Colorado  mined  12,000,000  tons  of  coal 
during  1910,  75,000  tons  being  anthracite, 
and  the  remainder  high-grade  bituminous. 


The  steamer  Honoluluan,  has  just  ar¬ 
rived  at  Seattle  from  Baltimore,  a  14,000- 
mile  journey  around  the  Horn.  The  trip 
required  5G  days ;  oil  was  used  for  fuel, 
14,000  barrels  being  shipped  at  Baltimore 
for  this  purpose. 

Dirty  Rye.— I  recently  examined  a  lot 
of  rye  that  sold  for  at  least  five  cents  be¬ 
low  its  real  value  because  it  had  not  been 
well  cleaned.  A  little  finer  sieve  on  the 
fanning  mill  would  have  taken  out  the  rat 
droppings  and  straws,  which  made  the 
grain  practically  unmerchantable. 

Furs. — In  making  shipments  of  furs  it 
is  well  to  order  each  lot  held  separate  un¬ 
til  the  returns  are  received,  so  that  if  the 
price  made  is  not  satisfactory  the  check 
may  be  returned  and  the  goods  sent  back 
to  the  shipper.  Any  responsible  fur  house 
will  hold  shipments  separate  in  this  way 
on  request,  and  thus  misunderstandings  and 
disappointment  will  be  avoided. 

Dressed  Poultry. — The  Christmas  mar¬ 
ket  was  one  of  the  worst  ever  experienced 
in  New  York.  Those  who  had  stored 
poultry  at  Thanksgiving  were  trying  to  get 
rid  of  their  stocks  on  a  market  that  was 
already  overburdened  with  fresh  supplies. 
The  result  was  low  prices,  and  all  the 
local  warehouses  filled  with  poultry  that 
could  not  be  sold.  One  estimate  puts  the 
surplus  at  200  carloads.  Speculators  were 
able  to  pick  up  fancy  turkeys  at  21  cents, 
and  will  probably  make  a  little  money  out 
of  them  on  this  basis,  as  there  is  a  fair 
demand  for  turkey  during  January. 


Hay. — “Can  you  inform  me  whether  hay 
is  likely  to  go  up  or  down?”  G.  h. 

New  York. 

The  under  grades  are  dull  and  selling 
low  at  present ;  prime  and  No.  1  are  nearer 
what  may  be  considered  the  top  price  for 
those  grades.  From  present  appearances 
there  is  more  probability  of  advance  in 
medium  and  lower  grades.  Prophesying  fu¬ 
ture  prices  is  rather  doubtful  business, 
however. 


“What  do  you  think  of  lettuce  and  as¬ 
paragus  growing  for  shipment  to  New 

York?  The - Co.  is  going  to  sell 

them  for  me.”  e.  c. 

Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y. 

There  is  always  a  demand  for  lettuce 
and  for  asparagus  in  its  season,  provided 
a  fine  quality  can  be  grown  and  got  to 
New  York  in  good  condition.  The  market 
gets  overstocked  with  both  of  these  things 
at  times,  but  the  same  is  true  of  all  green 
vegetables.  The  house  that  you  mention 
is  considered  one  of  the  best  dealers  in 
vegetables  and  fruits,  and  will  probably  be 
able  to  get  all  that  the  market  warrants. 
Nearby  growers  can  get  rid  of  consider¬ 
able  low-grade  stuff,  at  prices  that  make 
a  small  profit,  as  it  costs  hut  little  to  get 
the  produce  to  market,  but  for  a  distance 
of  several  hundred  miles  it  will  scarcely 
pay  to  ship  anything  but  prime  asparagus 
or  lettuce.  Be  sure  that  the  lettuce  seed 
used  is  the  best  that  can  be  had,  and  the 
same  is  true  of  asparagus  roots. 


Eggs. — The  market  is  weak  on  all  hut 
strictly  fancy  white.  Storage  eggs  are  be- 
ng  urgently  offered,  a  good  many  having 
reached  the  limit  of  profitable  storage, 
rhere  appears  to  be  considerable  misun- 
lerstanding  as  to  what  constitutes  a  white 
;gg  in  the  New  York  market.  Those  that 
wing  the  premium  price  are  pure  chalky 
vhite,  with  no  pink  or  brownish  cast.  This 
white  idea  is  merely  a  fad,  but  those  will¬ 
ing  to  pay  for  it  have  as  much  right  to 
lemand  the  special  color  desired  as  to  in¬ 
sist  that  fresh  eggs  be  fresh.  Ibe  egg 
handler’s  room  is  a  place  where  murder 
juts  and  dark  secrets  are  brought  to  light. 

[  was  this  week  looking  over  a  case  of 
eggs  said  to  be  three  days  old  when 
shipped,  making  them  about  a  week  old 
vhen  examined.  The  candler  s  fijffit 
showed  them  to  be  a  mixed  lot,  a  few 
Eresh  but  mostly  shrunken  or  black 
spotted. 

Canada  is  making  a  thorough  investiga¬ 
tion  of  express  rates  in  the  Dominion.  On 
ill  business  extending  west  of  the  Bake 
Superior  regions  the  Railway  Board  has 
ordered  the  companies  to  file  new  tariffs 
md  a  new  form  of  contract  within  three 
months,  stating  that  in  some  instances  the 
present  rates  are  exorbitant  and  the  con¬ 
tracts  unfair.  In  Canada  practically  all  of 
the  express  company  stock  is  owned  by 
the  railroads,  the  express  business  being 
merely  a  subsidiary  of  the  railroad  organi¬ 
zation.  This  subsidiary  has  been  mordin- 
atelv  profitable,  and  the  Railroad  Board  is 
unable  to  see  why  express  business,  which 
is  not  essentially  different  froi*1  *asJ; 
freight  business,  should  carry,  profits  out 
of  all  proportion  to  the  freight  depart¬ 
ment.  In  the  case  of  the  Dominion  Ex¬ 
press  Company,  it  is  understood  that  $2 V 
500  was  originally  put  into  it,  $1,0UU, uuu 
in  stock  being  issued.  This  stock  has  since 
been  increased  to  $2,000,000.  the  inference 
being  that  the  extra  capitalization  is  made 
solely  to  whittle  down  the  appearance  of 
the  profits.  This  is  exactly  what  express 
companies  in  the  United  States  have  been 
doing,  but  the  Canadian  Government  seems 
to  be  unwilling  to  swallow  it  calmly. 


Paint  and  Waterproofing. — I  saw  the 
advice  to  use  linseed  oil  to  waterproof 
canvas.  I  have  for  many  years  used  it. 
but  made  it  one-fourth  lard  oil.  The  small 
amount  of  lard  oil  doesn’t  seem  to  lessen 
the  adhesive  nature  of  the  linseed,  and 
makes  it  soft  and  pliable.  I  have  used 
it  for  wagon  aprons  and  storm  covers  for 
horses,  also  on  curtains  of  our  truck 
wagons:  it  keeps  the  water  out,  keeps  them 
soft,  and  they  do  not  cut  or  break  as  with 
clear  linseed.  For  several  years  a  mixture 
of  petroleum  and  linseed  oil  has  been  used 
in  this  section  as  paint  for  farm  build¬ 
ings.  One-third  linseed  will  bind,  hold, 
or  harden  the  paint,  while  petroleum 
largely  goes  in  the  boards.  For  barns  that 
have  been  unpainted  a  long  time  it  does 
very  well.  My  neighbor  and  myself  both 
used  it  three ‘or  four  years  ago,  and  it 
looks  good  yet,  cost  of  petroleum  about 
13  cents  per  gallon.  s.  F.  w. 

Allentown,  N.  J. 


Your  Gasoline  Engine  Should 
Have  a  Cement  Foundation 

None  other  will  keep  it  running  in  perfect  alignment. 
Concrete  made  from  clean  sand  and  Universal  Portland 
Cement  will  outlast  the  life  of  your  engine.  It  is  ever¬ 
lasting.  Pounding  and  vibration  of  the  engine  make 
no  impression  upon  it.  And  it  is  also  fireproof. 

Plans  for  Concrete  Construction  FREE 

Write  us  today  for  simple,  definite  plans  for  building 

No.  1— Sidewalks  No.  2— Troughs  No.  3— Porches  and  Steps 

If  you  want  instructions  how  to  build  concrete  floors,  foun¬ 
dations,  well  curbs,  posts,  silos,  tanks,  dipping  vats,  cisterns  or 
concrete  blocks  or  anything  else,  write  us  at  once,  describing 
fully  just  what  you  want  to  build. 


We  invite  correspondence  on  any  kind  of  concrete 
work  and  will  write  you  individually,  giving  our  advice 
and  instructions  for  obtaining  the  best  results.  This  ser¬ 
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used  in  writing  us.  Address  the  nearest  office  of  the 
Company. 


UNIVERSAL  PCEMENTD  COMPANY 

CHICAGO  — PITTSBURG 

Northwestern  Office:  Minneapolis 


JACOBSON 

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The  Agency  is  available  in  some  sections  and 
valuable  in  all. 

JACOBSON  MACHINE  MEG.  CO. 

Ill  Irvine  Street  Warren,Pa. 


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any  till  you  first  learn  all 
about  Old  Reliable 

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durable,  economical, efficient 
engines  made.  Address 

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Box  250, Springfield, Ohio 


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13  Depot  St.?  New  Lexington.  O. 


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1911. 

ARGUMENTS  FOR  GROUND  LIMESTONE 

Part  II. 

Burnt  lime  by  its  causticity  may 
injure  some  tender  plant  growths,  while 
seeds  will  sprout  and  grow  in  pure  lime 
carbonate.  So  that  the  carbonate  can  be 
applied  at  any  time  of  year  or  any  con¬ 
dition  of  crop ;  can  even  be  mixed  with 
commercial  fertilizer  or  manure  to  great 
advantage.  For  in  addition  to  being  fa¬ 
vorable  to  both  nitrogen  and  potash,  as 
stated  in  Bulletin  46  of  Rhode  Island, 
lime  increases  the  availability  of  phos¬ 
phoric  acid.  Bulletin  110  of  Illinois  rec¬ 
ommends  the  use  of  carbonate  of  lime 
along  with  raw  phosphate  rock,  to  make 
the  latter  available.  It  may  not  always 
be  convenient  to  await  the  proper  time 
to  apply  burnt  lime  with  least  detriment. 
The  carbonate  is  also  less  disagreeable 
to  handle  than  the  burnt  lime  when  ap¬ 
plying  to  the  soil.  Fresh  water  shell 
marl  is  found  in  large  deposits  practi¬ 
cally  pure  lime  carbonate,  because  of  the 
method  of  its  formation,  quite  different 
from  salt  water  shell  marl,  wholly  from 
large  shells  and  invariably  with  a  small 
percentage  of  lime  carbonate. 

Our  State  geological  reports  are  in¬ 
teresting  regarding  marl.  That  of  Mas¬ 
sachusetts  (the  author  being  then  Presi¬ 
dent  of  Amherst),  says:  “I  pledge  that 
our  fresh  water  shell  marls  are  precisely 
similar  to  those  that  have  accomplished 
such  great  benefits  in  Europe,  and  they 
may  improve  the  agriculture  of  our  en¬ 
tire  State,  if  the  present  generation  does 
not  realize  this,  future  ones  will.”  The 
New  York  report  says:  “Our  fresh 
water  shell  marls  will  not  subordinate  in 
fertilizer  effect  to  any  other  form  of  lime, 
and  if  used  judiciously  will  return  mil¬ 
lions  of  dollars  to  the  pockets  of  our 
farmers.”  The  new  Virginia  Bulletin 
No.  187  quotes  the  authentic  Pennsylva¬ 
nia  Station  tests  where  the  carbonate 
gave  $5.77  in  crop  yield  more  per  acre 
than  the  unlimed,  and  burnt  lime  $4.21 
per  acre  less  than  the  latter,  a  differ¬ 
ence  of  $10  per  acre  in  favor  of  the 
carbonate.  But  this  test  was  made  on  a 
limestone  soil;  had  the  soil  been  a  light 
one,  acid  and  deficient  in  humus,  the 
unlimed  would  have  made  a  poorer 
showing,  and  also  the  carbonate  would 
have  shown  more  favorably  over  the 
burnt  form.  Consequently  judged  by  re¬ 
sults  a  ton  of  non-magnesian,  finely  pow¬ 
dered  carbonate  of  lime,  such  as  found 
in  fresh  water  shell  marl  and  some 
ground  limestones  is  worth  more  to  the 
farmer  than  a  ton  of  burnt  lime — not¬ 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


withstanding  contrary  statements  in 
some  of  our  State  bulletins.  If  a  soil  is 
deficient  in  humus,  and  this  is  to  be  in¬ 
creased  by  growing  legumes,  to  obtain 
which  lime  is  necessary,  why  use  the 
burnt  form  to  deplete  the  scanty  organic 
matter  further,  when  the  carbonate  would 
both  avoid  such  depletion  and  also  be 
more  favorable  to  the  growth  of  the 
legumes.  Bulletin  398,  U.  S.  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture,  May,  1910,  “Com¬ 
mercial  Fertilizers  in  Middle  Atlantic 
States,”  says  when  a  soil  is  deficient  in 
humus  full  benefits  from  use  of  com¬ 
mercial  fertilizer  are  not  obtainable,  and 
if  the  farmers  of  eastern  Virginia  and 
eastern  North  Carolina  will  get  all  their 
nitrogen  by  growing  the  clover  class  of 
crops,  as  some  are  doing,  they  will  save 
$8,000,000  a  year  in  fertilizer  bills  and 
besides  raise  one-quarter  better  crops. 
Our  consular  service  having  been  placed 
at  my  service  in  investigating  the  lime 
question,  I  found  that  the  great  agricul¬ 
tural  improvements  accomplished  in 
Europe,  where  entire  sections  have  been 
changed  from  an  infertile  condition  to 
become  the  finest  agricultural  land  in  the 
world,  has  been  made  so  by  the  use  of 
calcareous  marl  and  chalk,  the  latter  a 
soft  carbonate  of  lime,  and  not  by  the 
use  of  burnt  lime.  And  I  maintain  that 
the  renewal  of  fertility  to  our  impover¬ 
ished  land  along  the  Atlantic  Coast  will 
be  brought  about  economically  only  by 
the  use  of  carbonate  of  lime,  following 
the  experience  of  the  older  civilization  of 
Europe.  The  real  worth  of  lime  in  agri¬ 
culture  depends  on  soil  conditions, 
whether  the  crop  is  a  lime  favoring  one 
and  if  there  has  been  a  drought;  under 
some  of  these  circumstances  the  benefits 
from  the  use  of  carbonate  of  lime  may 
far  exceed  that  of  use  of  high-grade  fer¬ 
tilizer.  Sooner  or  later  lime  must  be 
used  on  all  our  land  to  maintain  fertility. 

FRANKLIN  NOBLE. 

R-  N.-Y. — Let  it  be  understood  that 
Mr.  Noble  is  referring  to  limestone,  marl 
or  shells  crushed  or  ground  without  be¬ 
ing  burned.  This  is  carbonate  of  lime, 
while  the  burnt  lime  is  the  carbonate 
burned  instead  of  being  ground.  With 
a  few  exceptions  the  carbonate  will  take 
the  place  of  the  burnt  lime.  On  a  very 
sour  soil  the  burnt  lime  would  give  quick¬ 
er  action.  In  warm  climates  where  green 
crops  are  plowed  under  to  provide  hu¬ 
mus  we  should  prefer  burnt  lime  since 
these  crops  would  be  likely  to  sour  the 
soil  and  a  quick  acting  lime  would  be 
needed  to  sweeten  it.  In  buying  lime  it 
is  safe  to  consider  one  form  as  good  as 


the  other  pound  for  pound.  Thus,  if 
ground  limestone  cost  $4  per  ton  and  the 
analysis  guaranteed  55  per  cent  of  lime, 
it  would  cost  a  little  more  than  one-third 
of  a  cent  per  pound.  Burnt  lime  usually 
averages  about  75  per  cent  of  lime,  which 
means  1,500  pounds  to  the  ton.  At  the 
same  price  per  pound  the  burnt  lime 
should  be  worth  a  little  over  $5.50. 


THAT  GREAT  POTATO  CROP. 

IF.  P.  8.,  Roodhouse,  III. — In  reading  the 
article  on  pages  1133-34,  “A  Crop  of  Po¬ 
tatoes,”  by  C.  I.  Hunt,  Livingston  Co.. 
N.  Y.,  could  you  tell  me  where  he  procured 
his  seed  for  the  four  acres,  40  bushels  for 
$6.40? 

■I.  II.  W.,  (No  Address) . — C.  I.  Hunt,  on 
page  1134,  certainly  can  grow  potatoes 
cheap.  It  costs  me  $18  an  acre  to  grow 
simple  sowed  corn  to  feed  the  cows  in 
the  Fall.  it  costs  me  from  $35  to  $40 
an  acre  to  grow  potatoes,  depending  on 
how  troublesome  weeds  are.  Mr.  Hunt 
made  no  charge  for  the  use  of  land,  no 
charge  for  spraying,  not  even  for  fighting 
bugs,  no  charge  for  pulling  weeds,  and  he 
certainly  dug  them  cheaply,  $5  an  acre.  It 
costs  me  an  average  of  $10  an  acre.  He 
made  no  reduction  for  small,  scabby,  worm- 
eaten  or  otherwise  unmerchantable  tubers, 
and  he  figured  a  profit  that  is  better  than 
a  gold  mine  in  Alaska  or  a  membership  in 
the  meat  trust.  If  I  could  grow  potatoes 
for  a  trifle  over  eight  cents  per  bushel,  I 
would  grow  them  for  cow  feed  and  to 
winter  the  horses  on. 

Ans. — Since  my  article  on  potato 
raising  appeared  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  I  have 
been  asked  by  different  readers  for  more 
information.  J.  B.  W.  says  that  I  made 
no  charge  for  the  use  of  the  land.  Why 
should  I  ?  The  land  is  here,  and  if  not 
used  will  grow  up  in  weeds.  It  is  my 
capital,  or  you  might  say-  my  bank.  A 
banker  would  not  charge  any  expense 
against  any  sum  he  had  to  loan,  simply 
the  cost  of  loaning  or  handling  the 
money.  At  the  end  of  the  year,  when 
inventory  is  taken,  is  the  time  to  figure ; 
the  interest  on  the  value  of  the  whole 
farm  should  be  taken  into  account.  In 
figuring  the  net  income  from  a  cow,  for 
instance,  it  would  be  proper  to  figure  a 
sum  for  the  depreciation  of  the  animal 
because  her  life  of  usefulness  is  limited. 
Not  so  with  a  farm.  It  will  last  forever, 
and  if  properly  used,  will  grow  better 
year  by  year.  I  know  this  does  not  co¬ 
incide  with  the  general  opinion  on  the 
subject,  but  I  believe  it  is  the  right  con¬ 
clusion.  “No  charge  for  spraying,  or 
even  fighting  bugs.”  There  has  not  been 
a  pound  of  poison  or  spraying  material 
used  on  our  potatoes  for  some  years, 
/for  the  good  reason  that  we  plant  the 
kinds  that  are  practically  bucr  and  blitrht 


proof.  Our  potato  tops  are  as  green  as 
ever  when  the  frost  comes,  and  the  only 
objection  to  the  kinds  is  that  they  are  a 
little  too  late  for  this  section,  but  as 
long  as  we  can  secure  such  crops  of  fine 
quality  potatoes  we  are  satisfied  to  let 
well  enough  alone.  “No  charge  for 
pulling  weeds.”  Bless  you,  man,  the 
time  to  pull  weeds  is  when  they  are 
small,  and  you  can  pull  them  by  the  mil¬ 
lion  with  a  good  weeder,  which  should 
be  started  very  soon  after  the  planting 
is  done.  The  proper  use  of  the  weeder 
and  the  wings  on  the  cultivator  at  the 
right  time  will  destroy  the  weeds  so  that 
there  will  be  very  few  left  for  pulling. 
Not  an  hour  was  spent  in  our  field 
either  pulling  or  hoeing,  and  a  man 
could  carry  off  in  one  arm  all  the  weeds 
that  were  here  at  digging  time. 

“And  he  certainly  dug  them  cheaply.” 
It  has  never  cost  us  more  than  $5  an  acre 
to  get  them  dug,  picked  up  and  placed  on 
the  wagon.  Some  of  our  young  boys 
have  made  a  business  of  digging  at  that 
price  and  have  made  over  $3  per  day 
at  it.  “He  made  no  reduction  for  small, 
scabby,  wormeaten  or  otherwise  un¬ 
merchantable  potatoes.”  There  is  no 
need  for  so  doing.  There  are  no  small 
ones,  never  have  been,  no  wormeaten 
ones,  because  there  are  no  worms,  land 
that  is  kept  busy  will  not  get  wormy. 
There  is  no  scab,  because  if  there  is  any 
show  of  scab  on  our  seed  stock  it  soon 
gets  ducked  in  a  formalin  solution  to 
free  it  from  all  scab  germs.  “If  I 
could  grow  potatoes  for  eight  cents  a 
bushel  1  d  grow  them  for  the  cows  and 
horses.”  It  seems  to  me  that  that  would 
be  poor  economy,  because  land  that  will 
grow  190  bushels  of  potatoes  to  the 
acre  should  grow  20  tons  of  well  eared 
corn  for  the  silo.  In  190  bushels  of  po¬ 
tatoes  there  are  2,013  pounds  of  dry  mat¬ 
ter  to  feed.  In  twenty  tons  of  good  silage 
there  are  10,400  pounds  with  double  the 
amount  of  protein  of  that  in  the  pota¬ 
toes.  W.  P.  S.  of  Illinois  asks  where  I 
found  seed  at  16  cents  per  bushel.  I 
simply  charged  up  the  price  at  which 
potatoes  sold  for  at  planting  time.  Three 
kinds  were  planted,  Twentieth  Century, 
Silver  King  and  Pan  American.  The 
first  two  seem  blight-proof.  While  there 
was  a  sign  of  blight  on  the  Pan  Amer¬ 
ican  there  was  not  enough  to  pay  to 
spray.  I  have  no  potatoes  to  sell,  no  in¬ 
terest  in  any  seed  firm.  My  only  in¬ 
terest  is  in  producing  the  largest  crop 
with  the  least  work  and  expense  and  the 
maximum  net  profit.  c.  i.  hTnt. 

T.ivinP'Stnn  C'n  V  V 


Now  About  Clean  Food 

Another  Splendid  Opportunity  to 

Bring'  Out  F  acts 


When  the  “Weekly”  which  sued  us  for  libel 
(because  we  publicly  denounced  them  for  an 
editorial  attack  on  our  claims)  was  searching 
for  some  "weak  spot,”  they  thought  best  to  send 
a  N.  Y.  Atty.  to  Battle  Creek,  summoned  25  of 
our  workmen  and  took  their  sworn  statements 
before  a  Commissioner. 

Did  we  object?  No.  On  the  contrary,  we 
helped  all  we  could,  for  the  opportunity  was  too 
good  to  be  lost. 

Geo.  Haines  testified  he  inspected  the  wheat 
and  barley,  also  floors  and  every  part  of  the 
factories  to  know  things  were  kept  clean.  That 
every  30  minutes  a  sample  of  the  products  was 
taken  and  inspected  to  keep  the  food  up  to  stand¬ 
ard  and  keep  out  any  impurities,  also  that  it  is 
the  duty  of  every  man  in  the  factories  to  see 
that  anything  not  right  is  immediately  reported. 
Has  been  with  the  Co.  10  years. 

Edward  Young  testified  had  been  with  Co.  15 
years.  Inspector,  he  and  his  men  examined  every 
sack  and  car  of  wheat  and  barley  to  see  they 
were  up  to  standard  and  rejected  many  cars. 

IT.  E.  Burt,  Supt.,  testified  has  been  with  Co. 
over  13  years.  Bought  only  the  best  grain  ob¬ 
tainable.  That  the  Co.  kept  a  corps  of  men  who 
do  nothing  but  keep  things  clean,  bright  and 
polished. 

Testified  that  no  ingredient  went  into  Grape- 
•Vits  and  Postum  except  those  printed  in  the 
advertising.  No  possibility  of  any  foreign  things 
getting  into  the  foods  as  most  of  the  machinery 
is  kept  closed.  Asked  if  the  factory  is  open  to 
the  public,  said  “yes”  and  “it  took  from  two  to 
three  guides  constantly  to  show  visitors  through 
the  works.  Said  none  of  the  processes  were 
carried  on  behind  closed  doors. 

At  this  point  attys.  for  the  “Weekly”  tried  to 
show  the  water  used  was  from  some  outside 
source.  Testified  the  water  came  from  Co.’s  own 
artesian  wells  and  was  pure. 

He  testified  the  workmen  were  first-class,  high- 
grade  and  inspected  by  the  Co.’s  physician  to  be 
sure  they  were  all  in  proper  physical  condition; 


also  testified  that  state  reports  showed  that  Co. 
pays  better  wages  than  the  average  and  he 
thought  higher  than  any  in  the  state. 

F.  B.  Martin,  Asst.  Supt.,  testified  Grape-Nuts 
made  of  Wheat,  Barley,  Yeast  and  Water.  Any¬ 
thing  else?  “No,  sir.”  Postum  made  of  Wheat, 
Wheat  Bran  and  New  Orleans  Molasses.  State¬ 
ments  made  on  his  experience  of  about  10  years 
with  Co. 

Testified  bakers  are  required  to  wear  fresh 
white  suits  changed  every  other  day.  Said  had 
never  known  of  any  of  the  products  being  sent 
out  that  were  below  the  high  standard  of  in¬ 
spection.  Asked  if  any  one  connected  with  the 
Postum  Co.  had  instructed  him  how  to  testify. 
Said,  “No,  sir.” 

Horace  Brown  testified  has  been  with  Co.  9 
years.  Worked  in  Grape-Nuts  bake  shop.  Testi¬ 
fied  the  whole  of  the  flour  is  composed  of  Wheat 
and  Barley.  Attys.  tried  to  confuse  him,  but  he 
insisted  that  any  casual  visitor  could  see  that 
nothing  else  went  into  the  flour.  Said  machinery 
and  floors  always  kept  clean. 

So  these  men  were  examined  by  the  “Weekly” 
lawyers  hoping  to  find  at  least  one  who  would 
say  that  some  under-grade  grain  was  put  in  or 
some  unclean  condition  was  found  somewhere. 

But  it  was  no  use. 

Each  and  every  man  testified  to  the  purity  and 
cleanliness. 

As  a  sample,  take  the  testimony  of  Luther  W. 
Mayo. 

Testified  been  with  the  Company  about  10  years. 
Now  working  in  the  bakery  department  mak¬ 
ing  Grape-Nuts.  Testified  that  the  ovens  and 
floors  are  kept  clean  and  the  raw  products  as 
they  go  in  are  kept  clean.  Also  that  the  wearing 
apparel  of  the  employes  has  to  be  changed  three 
times  a  week. 

Q.  Do  you  use  Postum  or  Grape-Nuts  your¬ 
self  at  all? 

A.  Yes,  I  use  them  at  home. 

Q.  If  from  your  knowledge  of  the  factory 
which  you  have  gained  in  your  ten  years  at  the 


factory  you  believed  that  they  were  dirty  or 
impure  in  any  way,  would  you  use  them? 

A.  I  do  not  think  I  would.  No. 

Asked  if  any  one  on  behalf  of  the  Company 
had  asked  him  to  testify  in  any  particular  manner. 
Stated  “No.” 

All  these  sworn  depositions  were  carefully  ex¬ 
cluded  from  the  testimony  at  the  trial,  for’  they 
wouldn’t  sound  well  for  the  “Weekly.” 

Think  of  the  fact  that  every  man  swore  to 
the  purity  and  cleanliness  so  that  the  Atty.  for 
the  Weekly”  was  forced  to  say  in  open  court 
that  the  food  was  pure  and  good. 

What  a  disappointment  for  the  “Weekly !” 
But  the  testimony  showed : 

All  of  the  grain  used  in  Grape-Nuts.  Postum 

and  Post  Toasties  is  the  highest  standard  pos¬ 

sible  to  obtain. 

All  parts  of  the  factory  are  kept  scrupulously 

clean. 

None  of  the  workmen  had  been  told  how  to 

testify. 

Most  of  them  have  been  from  10  to  15  years 

with  the  Co.  and  use  the  products  on  their  tables 

at  home. 

Why  do  their  families  use  the  product,  Grape- 
Nuts,  Postum  and  Post  Toasties,  that  they,  them¬ 
selves,  make? 


There’s  a  Reason  ” 


Postum  Cereal  Co.,  Ltd. 


Battle  Creek,  Mich. 


io 


January  7, 


*THE  R.URAI*  NKW -YO  Fi  KKH 


Hope  Farm  Notes 

All  Sorts. — Through  parts  of  north¬ 
ern  New  Jersey  and  nearby  States  the 
water  problem  is  serious.  Following 
the  long  drought  of  last  Summer  there 
were  but  few  rains.  The  wells  and 
springs  were  very  low  when  the  ground 
finally  crusted  with  frost.  In  some 
cases  there  is  not  enough  water  for 
stock,  and  the  supply  provided  for 
humans  is  poor  or  dangerous.  With  our 
140-foot  well  we  have  had  no  trouble, 
but  the  outlook  is  serious  for  many. 
The  soil  contains  but  little  water,  and 
I  am  afraid  some  of  the  young  trees 
will  suffer.  Another  thing  that  con¬ 
fronts  us  is  a  visitation  of  17-year 
locusts — due  next  year.  Bergen  Co., 
N.  J.,  is  one  of  the  places  where  they 
were  thickest  last  time,  and  I  expect  a 
“plague”  of  them.  The  English  spar¬ 
row  will  handle  them,  but  the  spar¬ 
rows  are  not  numerous  with  us.  I  ex¬ 
pect  these  sparrows  and  other  birds 
will  learn  of  the  feast  spread  before 
them  and  come  to  our  farms.  These 
locusts  cut  slits  in  the  young  wood  of 
trees  and  lay  their  eggs.  I  have  been 
so  much  impressed  with  statements 
about  these  locusts  that  we  will  give 
up  planting  young  trees  at  the  back  of 
the  farm — near  the  woods.  I  would 
rather  skip  a  year  than  to  face  this 
“plague.”  We  'Shall  plant  on  the  lower 
farm  around  the  house.  .  .  .  We 
plan  to  try  a  good-sized  experiment 
with  Prizetaker  onions  this  year.  That 
field  which  was  drained  last  Spring  is 
now  one  of  the  best  on  the  farm.  If 
our  plans  do  not  slip  a  clog  we  will 
have  that  field  plowed  and  fitted  early 
and  put  it  all  into  onion  plants.  The 
hotbeds  are  now  being  made,  and  we 
hope  to  start  the  seed  in  early  March. 
Now  I  am  hunting  for  dead  sure  Prize- 
taker  seed,  which  is  often  hard  to  find. 
This  crop  has  always  paid  us  well,  and 
we  now  have  the  right  soil  for  it. 
.  .  .  Oud  old  friend  Jerry — the  cul¬ 
tivating  horse — has  passed  on.  He  was 
an  old  veteran — scarred  by  many  a  farm 
conflict.  The  old  fellow  was  cranky  and 
liked  to  have  his  own  way,  but  put  him 
on  a  cultivator  and  let  him  know  what 
you  wanted  and  Jerry  would  do  or  die. 
Winter  was  a  hard  time  for  him,  for 
he  grew  stiff  and  lame,  and  it  hurt  him 
to  get  about.  He  is  better  off  out  of 
the  battle.  His  thick  fur  will  be  made 


Vegetables  are  easily  grown  and  cheap. 
Our  folks  expected  to  find  plenty  of 
pecan  nuts,  but  they  are  worth  40  cents 
a  pound.  As  for  groceries,  the  best 
way  is  to  buy  in  large  lots  from  whole¬ 
sale  houses.  Dairy  products  are  scarce 
and  high.  They  ought  not  to  be,  for 
Florida  could  be  made  a  good  dairy  sec¬ 
tion.  On  the  whole  I  think  our  ex¬ 
perience  will  show  that  there  are  a 
good  many  families  at  the  North  who 
could  quite  easily  manage  a  double 
home.  The  older  members  of  the  fam¬ 
ily,  or  those  who  suffer  from  cold, 
could  spend  several  months  in  Florida, 
and,  after  they  learned  how,  pick  up 
some  Winter  work  that  will  nearly  pay 
for  the  trip.  This  will  require  some 
capital  and  considerable  judgment,  but 
I  think  it  can  be  done  with  moderate 
outlay  by  people  who  have  good  farm 
homes  in  the  North.  .  .  .  Christmas 
in  Florida  always  struck  me  as  a  sort 
of  tangled  proposition.  You  need  an 
entirely  revised  edition  of  Christmas 
books  to  have  children  understand  how 
Santa  Claus  comes  in  a  sleigh  and  a 
thick  fur  coat.  A  more  useless  costume 
than  the  one  usually  given  Santa  Claus 
would  be  hard  to  imagine  in  that  mild 
climate.  And  yet,  when  we  think  of  it 
the  original  Christmas  was  in  another 
mild  climate  without  snow  or  severe 
cold.  Anyway  the  children  do  not  seem 
to  care,  for  with  a  roaring  fire  and  a 
well-covered  Christmas  tree  they  have 
no  reason  to  complain.  I  fear  they  will 
find  out  the  real  character  of  “Santa 
Claus”  earlier  in  life  than  Northern  chil¬ 
dren  do,  for  the  snow  heaps  add  ro¬ 
mance  to  it.  Anyway,  our  folks  cele¬ 
brated  Christmas  in  the  sun  and  had  a 
great  day. 

Cactus  Culture. — I  asked  Mr.  Sin¬ 
clair,  of  Texas,  what  he  thought  of 
cactus  as  a  Florida  crop.  Like  the  rest 
he  doubts  it. 

You  would  probably  have  to  cultivate 
more  carefully  than  we  do.  We  have  so 
little  rainfall  that  the  weeds  do  not  choke 
the  plants  much.  We  do  not  cut  out  the 
weeds  in  the  rows,  simply  keep  the  mid¬ 
dles  open.  But  you  might  find  it  neces¬ 
sary  to  weed  out  between  the  plants.  The 
best  tool  for  that  purpose  is  a  hoe,  with 
the  shank  straightened  out.  With  that, 
you  can  get  at  the  weeds  easily.  Of  course 
this  manual  labor  increases  cost  of  forage 
considerably.  You  would  have  to  decide 
if  it  would  pay  in  your  circumstances  to 
grow  pear  for  forage,  or  put  up  a  silo  for 
other  crops,  such  as  corn  or  Velvet  beans. 
Here  we  cannot  depend  on  those  crops 
unless  we  do  better  farming  than  the  aver¬ 
age.  So  we  prefer  the  pear  for  our  feed, 
not  only  because  we  know  we  shall  get 
a  crop  of  some  size  even  if  we  do  not  cul¬ 
tivate  at  all,  but  because  we  shall  get 
bigger  crops  with  same  outlay,  than  with 
anything  else.  Supplying  those  hotels 
with  milk  and  cream  every  Winter  and  go¬ 
ing  North  for  the  Summer,  looks  like  a 
very  attractive  proposition. 

On  the  whole  cactus  does  not  look 
promising  for  central  Florida,  though 
it  is  all  right  in  parts  of  Texas.  I  now 
have  a  list  of  forage  crops  suitable  for 
Putnam  Co.,  and  it  is  astonishing  what 
can  be  grown  there.  If  they  had  such 
a  range  of  crops  in  Vermont  those 
Green  Mountain  dairymen  would  have  a 


into  a  lap  robe  or  rug.  The  tanners  do 
beautiful  work  with  such  hides,  and  it 
is  surprising  how  many  are  being 
treated. 

The  South. — Our  Florida  folks  re¬ 
port  fine  weather.  Most  of  the  days  are 
delightful,  but  the  nights  are  cool.  Now 
and  then  comes  a  day  when  the  weather 
is  pronounced  cold.  Fires  seem  to  be 
needed  nearly  every  night.  The  Florida 
houses  are  provided  with  fireplaces  and 
usually  with  little  wood  stoves  to  take 
off  the  chill.  But  Winter  life  in  Florida 
to  those  who  have  the  full  price  can 
be  made  a  pleasant  dream.  It  is  hard  to 
describe  the  beauty  of  the  lakes  while 
the  bright  sun  is  shining  or  to  tell 
how  the  sun  drops  suddenly  into  the 
west  when  night  comes.  It’s  a  great 
place  for  a  restful  “loaf,”  but  let  me 
keep  adding  the  fact  that  you  must  have 
the  price  in  order  to  enjoy  it.  Our  great 
brood  of  little  folks  is  coming  on  in  the 
sand  and  sun.  The  boarding  season  has 
begun.  At  Christmas  I  received  a  regis¬ 
tered  package  containing  50  cents — the 
price  of  the  first  meal  actually  sold  by 
our  folks.  I  think  that  ought  to  be 
made  into  some  sort  of  a  pin.  The 
“rush”  will  now  begin  in  earnest.  The 
boys  are  to  wait  on  the  table,  the  girls 
will  help  cook  and  clean  house — in  fact 
all  hands  will  be  busy.  Living  is  not 
expensive  in  Florida  if  one  will  use 
business  judgment  in  buying.  With  the 
exception  of  ham  and  bacon,  meats  are 
cheap — rarely  over  15  cents  a  pound  in 
local  markets.  Fish  is  plentiful  and 
quite  easily  caught.  The  woods  are  well 
stocked  with  game.  The  hunters  go  out 
for  half  a  day  and  bring  in  a  good  sup¬ 
ply  of  quail.  Poultry  can  be  bought.  at 
reasonable  prices,  and  the  natives  bring 
wild  turkeys  in  from  time  to  time. 


bonanza. 


h.  w.  c. 


Wash  in  Running  Water 


■  or  cold,  soft  or  hard,  at  any  time,  with  - 
-  Eroin e  out  of  doors  or  working  the  handle 
the  pump.  Use  all  the  water  you  want— 
1  have  it  under  constant  pressure. 

Svery  convenience  that  the  city  man 
joys  from  water  under  pressure  can  be 
urs  when  you  own  a 


very  minute  you  spend  pumping  water  the 
fashioned  way — carrying  it  m  buckets 
after  day — year  after  year  means  money 
to  you.  Live  better-and  that  means  your 
ire  family— and  let  the  Leader  Water  Sys- 
i  do  the  work, 
jn  and  mail  the  coupon 
w,  and  learn  how  easy 
i  to  have  such  a  plant. 

ider  Iron  Works 
Decatur,  Illinois 

ern  Division,  Owogo,  N.  V. 

York  Office,  15  William  St. 
ago  Office,  Monadnock  Block. 


Leader  Iron  Works, 

Without  cost 
Question  of  Water, 
Leader  Water  Systems. 


Jasper  St,  Decatur. 


or  obligation,  mail  me  your  book  "The  * 
later,  with  full  particulars  about  ■ 


Name..... . . . 

R.  F.  D.  or  Box . * . 

Town . State. . 


The  “Sterling”  Grate  Saves  Fuel 


SEE  how 
the  fin¬ 
gers  on 
each  grate- 
bar  alternate 
with  the  pro¬ 
jections  o  n 
the  opposite 
grate-bar. 
This  supports 
the  fire  per¬ 
fectly,  yet  ad- 
m  i  t  s  the 
greatest  pos¬ 
sible  amount 
of  air  to  the 
flames.  So 
you  burn  less 
fuel  and 
more  air. 


This  patented  grate  in  the 


enables  you  to  utilize  every  heat-unit  to  the  utmost.  This 
big  and  sturdy  grate  is  very  easily  removed  without  tools. 

The  Sterling  Grate  and  Firebox  give  a  quick,  hot,  even 
fire.  The  Sterling  Flue  System  delivers  the  heat  uni-  \ 
formly  to  every  side  and  corner  of  the  oven.  There  are 
20  superior  advantages  of  the  Sterling — if  your 
dealer  hasn’t  this  range,  send  for 
our  booklets. 


Cut 
W  Out 
V  This 
Coupon 
6>Mail 
To-Day 


SILL 


STOVE  WORKS, 
215  Kent  Street, 
Rochester,  New  York. 


Si  li.  Stove  Works, 215  Kent  St..  Rochester,  X.Y. 
Please  send  your  book  on  Sterling  Ranges  to 

My  Name . . 

Address . State . 

My  Dealer's  Name . . 


CLARK’S  MARKET  GARDEN  OR  GROVE  HARROW 


This  harrow  is  used  extensively  by  gardeners 
and  truckers  in  the  South  and  other  vegetable 
growing  sections.  In  Florida  it  is  a  great  favorite 
for  orchard  cultivation. 


Made  light  for  shallow  cultivation  ;  cuts  two  to 
four  inches  deep  if  desired.  No  seat  supplied  un¬ 
less  ordered.  .  .  ,, 

Made  in  three  sizes  : 


No.  0  1  .home,  with  2  gang*  of  five  14  In.  disks  en<  h 
“  00  I.t-  2-horse,  2  gongs  of  six  14  “  “ 

“  OOOHvy.  2-horse,  2 gangs,  seven  14  **  “  “ 

No  gardening  equipment  is  complete  wirhont 
one  or  more  of  these  harrows.  Used  on  their  Ex¬ 
perimental  Grounds  at  Garden  City,  L.  I.,  N.  Y., 
by  the  publishers  of  the  Garden  Magazine. 

Send  to-day  for  onr  new  Catalogue  “Intensive 
Cultivation.”  Free. 


CUTAWAY  HARROW  CO.,  839  Main  St..  Higgamim,  Conn. 


kelly  DUPLEX  GRMILLSG 


Only  mill  mad©  with  a  double  set  of 
grinders  or  burrs.  Have  a  grinding 
surface  of  just  double  that  of  any 
other  mill  of  equal  size,  therefore, 

Do  Twice  as  Much 
Work. 

Grind  ear  corn,  shelled 
corn,  oats,  rye,  wheat, 
barley,  kaffir  corn,  cot¬ 
ton  seed,  corn  in 
shucks,  sheaf  oats,  or 
any  kind  of  grain,  coarse,  me¬ 
dium  or  fine.  Require  25$  less 
power  than  any  other  mill. 
Especially  adapted  for  gasoline 
engines.  Write  for  new  catalog. 

Duplex  Mill  &  Mfg.Co.,  Box  329  Springfield,  Ohio 


SCIENTIFIC  SWEEP  NULL 


Double  Action.  Triple  Geared 

This  No.  5  is  one  of  our 
leading  Feed  Mills.  Particu¬ 
larly  adapted  for  grinding 
ear  oorn  and  small  grain  for  stock 
feed.  A  medium  priced  mill  that 

Gives  Satisfaction 

Strong,  durable  and 
easy  running.  Mounted 
on  a  heavy  hard-wood 
box.  Fully  guaranteed. 

Write  for  free  catalog. 

Over  20  styles  and  sizes. 


THE  FOOS  MFG.  CO.,  Box  823  Springfield,  Ohio 


for  the  land’s  sake 

use  Bowker’s  fertilizers.  They  enrich 
the  earth  and  those  who  till  it.  It  pays 
the  farmer  to  buy  and  it  pays  the  agent 
to  sell  Bowker’s;  the  former  because 
they  give  big  field  results,  and  the  latter 
because  their  national  reputation  and 
popular  favor  make  them  easy  to  sell. 

Forty  years  of  experience,  prompt  service, 
the  best  materials,  the  best  facilities  are  behind 
every  bag-  of  Bowker’s.  A  brand  to  fit  every 
crop  and  every  pocket  book. 

We  want  agents  wherever  we  are  not  now 
represented.  Write  today  for  prices  and  terms  ; 
this  may  mean  a  good  business  for  you  if  you  act 
at  once. 

Write  anyhow  for  our  illustrated  catalogue  and 
calendar.  ^Ve  want  you  to  know  Bowker  s  before  \  ou 
buy  your  spring  fertilizer. 

D  ^  C  D  FERTILIZER  COMPANY, 

\j  VY  lSk.  J  AX  77  Lyman  St.,  Buffalo, N.  Y. 

Original  and  largest  manufacturers  of  special  fertilizers. 


1911. 


11 


Ruralisms 


LEAVES  ON  THE  LAWN. 

F.  TF.  A.,  Louisville,  Ky. — The  grounds 
of  my  home  to  the  extent  of  28  acres  are 
beautifully  laid  out  in  lawn  and  shrubbery, 
with  border  plantations  containing  between 
400  and  500  fine  old  forest  trees  of  about 
every  variety  which  will  do  well  in  this 
part  of  the  country.  Of  course  from  such 
a  number  of  large  trees  there  is  an  im¬ 
mense  leaf  fall  commencing  (according  to 
variety)  in  the  Fall  and  lasting  right  up 
to  Spring.  For  some  years  past  I  have 
been  accustomed  to  have  these  leaves  raked 
up  three  or  four  times  during  the  Winter 
because  the  appearance  of  the  grounds  is 
improved  by  having  the  leaves  raked  up. 
The  leaves  are  so  much  more  easily  raked 
up  soon  after  they  fall  than  they  are  in 
the  Spring  after  lying  on  the  ground  all 
Winter  under  the  snow  and  rain.  My  men 
have  plenty  of  time  during  the  Winter  for 
that  kind  of  work,  whereas  if  -  left  until 
Spring  it  would  be  a  very  big  job  at  a  time 
when  the  men  are  busiest.  I  am  of  course 
aware  that  in  raking  up  the  leaves  at  all 
we  are  interfering  with  nature’s  mbtbod 
of  returning  to  the  soil  what  the  roots  of 
the  trees  take  out  of  it.  Considering  that 
the  leaves  will  be  raked  up  every  season, 
does  it  matter  whether  the  work  is  done 
In  the  Fall  or  Spring?  In  other  words, 
would  it  bo  of  any  particular  benefit  to 
the  soil  to  allow  the  leaves  to  remain  on 
the  ground  just  during  the  Winter?  Can 
you  inform  me  what  fertilizer  is  the  best 
to  use  every  year  to  take  the  place  of  the 
leaves  which  are  raked  up? 

Ans. — New-fallen  forest  leaves  de¬ 
cay  so  slowly  during  cold  weather  that 
little  can  be  gained,  except  in  the  way 
of  protection  of  tender  plants,  by  al¬ 
lowing  them  to  lie  until  Spring.  The 
gain  in  fertility  by  leaching  is  small  in¬ 
deed  compared  to  the  convenience  in 
getting  litter  off  the  lawn  when  labor 
is  not  otherwise  busily  employed.  The 
removal  of  the  leaves  drains  the  fer¬ 
tility  of  the  soil  mainly  in  the  actual 
potash  and  phosphorus  taken  away,  as 
the  nitrogen  content  is  not  high.  An¬ 
nual  dressings  of  fair  grade  potato  or 
other  complete  chemical  fertilizers  at 
the  rate  of  200  pounds  to  the  acre 
should  more  than  restore  the  lost  ele¬ 
ments.  Leaves  are  often  more  useful 
for  the  ameliorating  effect  on  the  soil 
of  the  humus  produced  by  their  slow  ' 
decay  than  for  their  actual  fertilizing 
constituents,  but  humus  may  be  main¬ 
tained  in  wooded  lawns  as  well  as  in 
meadows  by  the  decay  of  grass,  herbace¬ 
ous  plant  roots  and  even  tree  rootlets, 
the  growth  of  which  can  be  stimulated 
by  appropriate  chemicals  regularly  ap¬ 
plied.  '  w.  v.  F. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-VORKER 


Peach  Growing  in  the  Berkshire  Hills. 

II.  II.,  Massachusetts. — For  several 
years  I  have  tried  to  raise  peaches  in  the 
Berkshire  Ilills  of  western  Massachusetts, 
but  tlie  trees  do  not  thrive  or  die.  What 
are  the  chief  reasons  for  failure  in  that 
country  ? 

Ans. — I  have  in  mind  two  or  three  rea¬ 
sons  for  his  failure.  One  is  that  it 
sounds  like  borers;  another  is  that  in 
that  locality  with  an  elevation  of  1600 
feet  the  thermometer  may  register  as 
low  as  30  or  40  below  bero,  which  would 
kill  most  varieties.  Another  is  that  in 
Otis  and  several  of  the  other  towns  on 
the  same  elevatibn,  the  soil  is  very 
heavy  and  wet,  and  seems  to  be  in  the 
track  of  severe  northwesters,  which 
bring  a  low  temperature  after  the  buds 
have  started  in  the  Spring.  This  does 
not  reach  the  locality  where  I  am.  I 
never  have  known  peaches  to  succeed 
in  that  locality,  but  in  the  Housatonic 
and  Green  River  valleys  peaches  do  well, 
that  is,  the  reasonably  hardy  kinds.  1 
have  raised  a  few  Stump-the- World, 
Crawford  Early  and  Late,  and  Elbertas, 
and  they  have  always  done  well;. have 
had  Crawford  trees  20  years  old  that 
have  borne  nearly  every  year  for  that 
time,  which  is  a  very  good  record.  I 
had  an  Elberta  tree  this  year  five  years 
old  that  gave  me  two  bushels  of  the 
nnest  of  fruit,  and  took  premium  at  the 
fair.  I  have  not  raised  peaches  very 
c  xlensively,  as  they  are  not  as  sure  a 
crop  as  apples,  but  call  for  more  care. 

I  would  not  advise  anyone  to  make 
peach  growing  their  only  business  in 
Berkshire  County.  r.  henry  race. 


Greenhouse  Adjoining  Dwelling. 

S.  A7.  D.,  West  Hartford,  Conn. — I  desire 
to  build  a  small  greenhouse  about  10x15 
feet  adjoining  my  house,  and  have  the  same 
connected  with  the  hot  water  heating  ap¬ 
paratus  of  the  house.  As  so  situated  it 
will  be  on  the  south  side  of  the  house.  Do 
you  recommend  that  I  construct  it  of  double 
thick  glass  instead  of  glass  of  single  thick¬ 
ness,  and  do  you  further  recommend  that  I 
build  it  with  two  layers  of  glass  after  the 
style  of  the  ‘‘double  glass  sash"?  If  the 
latter,  should  the  air  space  be  closed  or 
open  so  that  there  can  be  a  circulation  of 
air  through  it,  and  if  not  open  at  both  ends, 
should  it  be  open  at  one  end  so  that  the 
air  will  not  become  dead  in  the  air  space? 
How  much  of  an  air  space  should  be  al¬ 
lowed?  Do  you  recommend  double  wood 
walls  with  four-inch  air  space  between,  and 
should  this  be  open  at  the  top  or  closed? 
What  kind  of  wood  should  be  used?  What 
is  the  most  economical  size  of  glass  to  use? 
On  a  house  10  feet  wide  how  much  higher 
than  the  eaves  should  the  ridge  be? 

Ans. — There  would  be  no  necessity 
for  using  two  layers  of  glass  in  glaz¬ 
ing  such  a  greenhouse,  especially  when 
the  house  may  be  properly  heated  from 
the  hot  water  apparatus.  Double  glaz¬ 
ing  also  has  the  disadvantage  of  collect¬ 
ing  dirt  between  the  two  layers  of  glass, 
and  thus  obstructing  the  light  to  a 
greater  or  less  extent.  The  most  eco¬ 
nomical  size  of  glass  to  use  for  the 
purpose  is  10x15  inches,  using  it  the 
15-inch  way  between  the  glass  strips. 
Double  wooden  walls  closed  at  the  top 
form  the  best  protection  from  the 
weather,  and  the  best  wood  to  use  for 
all  parts  of  a  greenhouse  is  cypress.  On 
a  house  10  feet  wide  the  height  to  the 
bottom  of  the  ridge  should  be  seven 
feet,  or  allowing  for  walls  three  feet 
high,  the  ridge  would  be  four  feet  above 
the  eaves.  Double  thick  glass  is  best. 

w.  H.  taplin. 


Twenty  Ounce  Apple  in  Kansas. — I  saw 
your  report  of  the  Ilitchings  Twenty  Ounce 
apple ;  that  is  a  good  apple  in  western 
New  York,  but  here  it  is  not  hardy  in  tree, 
and  his  sport  may  not  be.  One  thing: 
here  top-grafting  a  tree  is  never  a  success 
because  after  starting  to  grow  they  blight 
first  at  the  graft,  then  the  dead  tissue 
continues  down  the  tree  till  all  is  dead  I 
tried  it  repeatedly,  and  others  with  the 
same  result.  On  young  trees  one  or  two 
years  in  orchard  it  does  well,  but  never 
much  older.  a.  h.  griesa. 

Kansas. 


SAVE 

50 % 

Of  Your 
Calk  Bills 


you  buy  Ring-Point  Calks-the  Improved 
Tool  Steel  Centers”— you  are  getting  a  calk  that 
will  wear  twice  as  long  as  any  other  calk  made. 
That  means  you  can  save  Just  half  your  calk 
money  this  winter.  Avoid  the  old-fashioned  wiro- 

gin  center  calks,  whose  centers  drop  out.  Use 
ing-Points— their  wedge-shape  center  of  genuine 
tool  steel  is  welded  in  and  cannot  fall  out :  making 
them  genuine  self-sharpening  calks. 

Stop  at  once  the  useless  expenditure  of  money 
for  the  old  method  of  sharpening  your  horses’ 
shoes.  You  know  how  costly  it  is— how  long  it 
takes.  You  can  do  away  with  this  expense  and 
delay  with  - 


ROWE 


RING-POINT 


Read  what  one  user  of  Rine-Points  says: 

Wore  Well  Every  Way. 

m  ,,  Nkw  Albany,  Pa.,  April  11. 

Ihk  Rowr  Calk  Selling  Co.,  Hartford,  Conn. 

Hoar  Sirs — 1  he  calks  received  from  you  proved  very 
satisfactory.  They  wore  well,  the  centers  remaining 
snarp  when  the  calks  were  worn  nearly  to  the  shoe,  and 
the  centers  did  not  break  on  frozen  ground  and  stones 
as  they  do  in  some  calks.  1  consider  them  a  superior 
article.  Yours  very  truly,  Uarkz  H.Lyox. 

tio  to  your  horseshoer  for  Ring-Points.  Try  one 
box  at  our  risk.  If  they  prove  unsatisfactory  you 
can  have  your  money  back  by  returning  them 
with  the  label  on  the  box  and  this  ad.  If  your 
local  man  don’t  handle  them,  y 

send  us  the  name  and  address 
of  your  horseshoer,  with  the 
size  and  quantity  you  want  and 
we  will  have  you  supplied  at  the 
regular  price. 

Send  for  our  great  free  book¬ 
let  300  Short  Stories  for  Horse- 
shoers. ”  It  will  put  you  “calk 
wise.”  Split  samples  of  Ring- 
Points  and  wire  centers  will  be 
sent  to  the  first  ten  requests 
from  each  town. 

Horseshoers  Protected 
Rowe  Calk  Selling  Co. 

4703  Mechanic  Street 

Hartiord,  Conn.  Tin* 


S1f35  narenoil|S1u“~?2  I*'  Hand,e,  $1-85 -Without  Handle 

THE  inFflf  pBilMiwp  c*X°pn,rCn  1;,r‘  Agents  wanted. 

iHt  IDEAL  PRUNING  SAW  CO.,  Dept.-;  M,  Webster.  N.  Y. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  12. 


San  Jose 
Scale 


THE  growth  of  your  orchard 
trees,  the  size  of  your  fruit,  its 
color,  cleanliness  and  your 
profit,  all  are  affected  by  this  sap¬ 
sucking  insect.  If  you  permit  this 
insect  to  multiply  there  is  but  one 
end — unsaleable  fruit,  if  any,  and  the 
destruction  of  your  orchards. 

SHERWIN-WILLIAMS 

LIME- SULFUR  SOLUTION 

is  a  simple  and  economical  remedy 
for  this  small,  tough-skinned  insect. 
It  contains  no  sediment,  does  not 
crystallize  as  does  the  home-boiled 
solution  when  cold,  retains  its  strength 
indefinitely,  can  be  used  as  a  Summer 
spray  by  proper  dilution,  gives  the 
fruit  and  foliage  added  color  and  a 
smooth  appearance  and  kills  San  Jo6e 
Scale  without  injury  to  the  tree. 

Write  for  prices. 

The  Sherwin-Williams  Co. 


■  The  Best  Spray  Pump 

Sprays  the  tallest  fruit  trees  from  the  ground 
Special  nozzle  for  grape  vines,  shrubs,  etc 
Sprays  quickest  and  best.  Does  the  work  in 
half  the  time  and  does  it  thoroughly.  Always 
ready.  Used  with  bucket,  barrel  or  tank. 
I,ast.s  a  lifetime.  No  leathers  to  dry  up,  wear 
out,  or  make  trouble. 

Standard  Spray  Pump 

Warranted  for  5  Years.  Price  $4.00.  * 

It  will  not  cost  you  a  cent  to  try  it.  Our 
special  offer  gives  complete  details.  Write 
tor  it  today  arid  we  will  also  send  our  illus- 
tiated  circular  showing  how  this  pump  pays 
for  itself  many  times  over  the  first  season. 

The  Standard  Stamping  Co. 

94  Main  Street  Marysville,  O. 


635  CANAL  ROAR 


048 


CLEVELAND,  O. 


This  book,  “Spraying —  | 
a  Profitable  Invest¬ 
ment,”  sent  free. 


“ONE  FOR  ALL,”  No,  1 

Wool  Grease,  Arsenate  of  Lead,  Lime  and 
Sulphur.  Both  a  Contact  and  Poison 
Spray.  An  Insecticide  and  Fungicide. 

Positively  the  Only  Thing  Needed  for  all  Pests  or  Fungus 

A  tonic  for  vegetation.  Sick  trees  made  well  • 
old  trees  rejuvenated  to  youthful  vigor:  better 
foliage;  larger  and  more  abundant  fruit.  Neither 
sucking  or  chewing  insects  nor  fungus  will  attack 
wood  that  has  ‘One  For  All”  upon  it.  After  one 
tall  spraying  no  dormant  spraying  will  be  needed. 
Spraying  confined  to  the  growing  season.  Scale 
exterminated.  Positive  evidence  from  practical 
growers  furnished  upon  application. 

Prices,  F.  O.  B.  New  York 

Barrels,  425  lbs . 05c.  per  lb 

A  Bbls.,  200  lbs .  05J4 

100  lbs  .  06  ” 

50  }bs . 06'A  “ 

MANHATTAN  OIL  COMPANY 

Established  1852 

Front  Street  New  Yorfr 


The  Hurst  Potato  and  Orchard  Sprayer 

doubles  your  crop.  IT  SPRAYS  ANYTHING  — 
trees,  potatoes,  vineyards,  truck,  etc.  High  press- 
.Easy  to  operate.  Cheap  in  price,  light,  strong, 
aod  durable.  BRASS  valves,  plunger,  strainer  etc 
HURST  HORSE.POWER  SPRAYER  for  orchards,' 
vineyards,  potatoes,  etc.  "No  tree 
too  high,  no  field  too  big  for  this 
king  of  sprayers.”  All  HURST 
sprayers  sold  on  same  liberal  No¬ 
money-in-advance  plan.  Writ, 
to-day  for  our  FREE  Spraying 
Guide,  Catalogue  and 
SPECIAL  FREE  OF- 
FER  to  FIRST  BUYER 
in  each  locality. 

H.L.  Hurst  Mfg.  Co. _ . 

282  North  St.,  Canton,  O. 


CDD  AV  COMPLYING  WITH  THE  INSECTICIDE  ACT  OF  1919 

r  KMT  IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  USE  EITHER) 

*•  1  PASTE  OR  POWDERED  »4, 

FOR  ALL  LEAF  EATING  INSECTS 
RESPONSIBLE  DISTRIBUTERS  AND AGENTS  WANTED 

KEY  BRAND 

"  RIGHT  PRICE  and  MATERIAL 

~  FUNGICIDE  AND  INSECTICIDE 

_ ii^TTBAArTTi 

INTERSTATE  CHEMICAL  CO. 

14  BAYVIEW  AVE..JERSEY  CITY.  N  J 

WRITE  FOR  PRICES. CIRCULARS  ETC.  CORRESPONDENCE  SOLICITED. 


“KANT-KLOG” 
SPRAYERS 


Spraying 

Guide  Free 


Patented 
Oct.  (i,  1908 


Something  New  l 

Gets  twice  the  results  — 
with  same  labor  and  fluid,  * 

Flat  or  round,  flue  or  coarse  sprays 
from  name  nozzle.  Ten  styles.  For  - 
trees,  potatoes,  garden.),  whitewashing, 
etc.  Agents  Wanted,  Booklet  Free. 

RocttiUr  Spray  Pimp  Co. 


FRUIT  GROWERS  FAVORITE  SAW 


IS  THE  MOST  PRACTICAL  TREE  PRUNER  EVER  INVENTED 

Because  it  saves  time  and  labor  and  is  so  easy  to 

lade 


handle.  It  is  made  with  a  lS-inch^raw^ut^ft 
and  has  a  7  or  8  loot  handle. 


Write  today  for  Descriptive  Circular  and  Prices.  ' 

FRUIT  GROWERS  SAW  COMPANY,  Scottsville,  New  York. 


'with 

the 


Empire  King. 


CHDAY 

lfl  BEA  AnA  A  He  who  attempts  to  grow  fruits  without  a  Sprayer  it  handi- 

A^  A  ^  capped.  Blight  and  bugs,  rot  and  rust,  mold  and  mildew,  all 

A  **  conspire  to  damage  the  crop ,  and  in  all  cases  succeed  i  f  the  farmer  does 

not  spray.  This  is  the  only  hand  pump  having  automatic  agitator  and  brush  for  clean- 
jpg  strainer.  Valuable  book  of  instruction  free.  FIELD  FORCE  PUMP  C0..<2  *  llTH  Si..  ELMIRA.  M.  Y 


“ORCHARD  DIVIDENDS  •  Apples  from  trees  sprayed  with 


*6 


SCALECIDE 


J9 


some  as  many  as  nine  consecutive  times,  took  all  the  first  prizes  at  the  Pennsylvania 
Horticultural  Society  Meeting;  all  the  first  prizes  this  year  and  last  at  the  New  Jersey 


at  the  New 


-  -  - -  uv «/ »  a  t  y  uiA  iiaav  mou  A  1GVO  UU1C3  j  GC*1  LVliU  X  CIO  1/  <X  U  tfXJLV 

Horticultural  Society  Meeting ;  a  long  list  of  sweepstakes  and  first  prizes 
England  I  ruit  Show  in  Boston  ;  also  first  prize  at  the  Ohio  State  Fair. 

Write  for  full  information  and  Booklets,  “ Orchard  Dividends."  and 
“Modern  Methods  of  Harvesting,  Grading,  and  Hacking  Apples."  Both  free. 

B.  G.  PRATT  CO.,  Manufacturing  Chemists,  50  Church  St.,  New  York. 


|  RHODES  DOUBLE  CUT 


THE  only 
*  pruner 
made  that  cuts 
from  both  sides  of 
the  limb  and  does  not 
bruise  the  bark.  Made  in 
all  styles  and  sizes.  We 
pay  Express  charges 
on  all  orders. 

Write  for 
circular  and 
prices. 


12 

The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER. 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes. 
Established  1850. 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  Street,  Sew  York, 

Herbert  W.  Collingwood,  President  and  Editor, 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Koyle,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR. 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  $2.04,  equal  to 
8s.  6d.,  or  8*2  marks,  or  10*2  francs.  Remit  in  money  order, 
express  order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  tim< 
orders.  References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to 
us;  and  cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

"A  SQUARE  DEAL.” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a 
responsible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any 
loss  to  paid  subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindle** 
advertising  in  our  columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  ex¬ 
posed.  We  protect  suberibers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee 
to  adjust  trifling  differences  between  subscribers  and  honest,  respon¬ 
sible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be  responsible  for  the  debts,  of 
honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts.  Notice  of  the  complaint 
must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of  the  transaction, 
and  you  must  have  mentioned  Thu  Rural  New-Yorker  when 
writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order1  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

Right  nozv  is  the  time  to  get  after  your  Congress¬ 
man  , about  parcels  post.  The  enemies  of  this  measure 
see  that  the  people  are  aroused  and  they  are  organ¬ 
izing  as  never  before.  The  people  must  meet  them 
out  in  the  open.  Do  not  bother  with  petitions  or 
form  letters,  but  get  right  after  them  in  your  own 

language — in  black  and  white. 

* 

On  page  1078  we  paid  our  respects  to  the  New 
England  Mineral  Fertilizer  &  Chemical  Co.  This  con¬ 
cern  has  a  high  per  cent  of  “guff”  in  its  literature, 
while  analysis  shows  mighty  little  plant  food  in  its 
fertilizers  as  compared  with  the  price.  This  company 
must  not  be  confused  with  the  New  England  Fer¬ 
tilizer  Co.  The  goods  mixed  by  this  last-named  house 
stood  high  in  the  report  of  the  New  York  Experiment 
Station,  and  we  believe  it  is  doing  an  honorable  busi¬ 
ness.  A  geographical  name  cannot  be  registered  or 
copyrighted,  so  these  “mineral”  people  cannot  be  pre¬ 
vented  from  using  what  belongs  to  the  other  concern. 

* 

If  all  limestone  were  alike  the  question  of  what 
form  of  lime  to  buy  would  be  easy.  We  could  figure 
that  100  pounds  of  limestone  contains  56  pounds  of 
lime,  and  the  same  weight  of  slaked  lime  75  pounds, 
and  figure  from  the  quoted  prices  which  gave  the 
cheaper  pound  of  lime.  But  limestones  vary  greatly 
in  composition.  In  Connecticut  there  are  deposits 
which  vary  from  23  to  55  per  cent  of  lime,  and  it  is 
doubtful  if,  when  crushed,  the  average  buyer  could 
tell  which  was  better.  The  trouble  in  buying  ground 
limestone  is  that  unless  you  can  have  a  positive  guar¬ 
antee  of  the  per  cent  of  lime  you  are  quite  likely  to 
get  something  hut  little  better  than  road  dust.  There 
is  less  risk  in  buying  burned  lime,  for  you  are  more 
likely  to  get  a  guarantee,  and  the  lime  dealers  would 
be  less  likely  to  burn  a  low-grade  stone.  We  believe 
it  is  possible  to  practice  great  frauds  in  the  sale  of 
limestone  unless  a  strict  guarantee  is  given  and  sam¬ 
ples  are  analyzed. 

* 

There  is  abundant  evidence  that  the  express  com¬ 
panies  see  the  writing  on  the  wall  at  last.  Stock¬ 
brokers  all  over  the  country  find  that  small  blocks  of 
express  company  shares  are  being  offered  quietly. 
Formerly  there  were  few  of  such  sales  except  where 
interested  parties  sold  to  each  other  in  order  to  record 
a  high  price.  The  present  effort  to  sell  stock  is 
different.  It  seems  like  a  genuine  case  of  trying  to 
unload  while  the  price  is  good.  During  the  prohibi¬ 
tion  campaigns  in  Ohio,  Indiana,  Tennessee  and  other 
States  there  came  a  time  when  brewers  and  distillers 
saw  that  the  fight  was  against  them,  and  they  began 
to  offer  their  stocks  in  just  this  way.  Stock  brokers 
who  watched  the  market  knew  that  these  brewery 
stocks  were  being  unloaded  because  the  brewers  knew 
their  day  was  done.  These  brokers  size  up  the  offer¬ 
ings  of  express  stock  in  the  same  way.  The  express 
companies  now  see  that  the  public  is  aroused  as 
never  before,  and  that  parcels  post  will  surely  come 
in  time.  That  will  mean  death  to  their  hold-up 
monopoly  and  extortionate  profits.  If  they  can  work 
their  stock  off  on  farmers  tfiey  will  do  it.  It  is 
hard  to  think  of  anything  more  pigheaded  than  the 
action  of  these  express  companies.  They  might  have 
killed  off  much  of  the  demand  for  parcels  post  had 
they  been  willing  to  offer  fair  rates  for  their  ser¬ 
vice..  Instead  of  that  they  have  done  all  they  could 
by  boldly  holding  up  the  public  to  feed  the  flame  for 
better  mail  privileges.  Give  a  hand  of  squirrels  a 


THE  RURAt  NEW-YORKER 

bushel  of  corn  and  they  will  carry  a  share  of  it  away 
to  hide  for  their  Winter  store.  Give  it  to  hogs  and 
they  will  eat  all  they  can  at  once  and  trample  the  rest 
into  the  mud.  The  express  companies  lack  the  in¬ 
stinct  of  the  squirrel,  and  must  now  stand  up  and 
face  the  frost. 


A  GREAT  POLITICAL  OPPORTUNITY. 

The  Democratic  party  in  New  York  is  on  trial. 
For  the  first  time  in  18  years  it  has  elected  a  Gover¬ 
nor.  Both  branches  of  the  Legislature  are  also 
Democratic,  thus  gaining  the  privilege  of  electing  a 
United  States  Senator  to  succeed  Mr.  Depew.  This 
has  not  come  about  so  much  through  the  over¬ 
powerful  sentiment  of  confidence  in  the  Democratic 
party  and  its  candidates  as  in  protest  against  the 
corruption  of  the  Republican  party  of  the  State,  de¬ 
veloped  through  near  a  score  of  years  of  continuous 
power.  If  the  party  in  power  devotes  itself  to  the 
interest  of  the  people  without  regard  to  partisan  poli¬ 
tics,  the  party  of  Tilden  may  again  establish  itself 
in  the  confidence  of  the  voters  and  receive  a  renewal 
of  its  present  commission  from  the  people.  It  can¬ 
not  do  this  in  any  other  way. 

The  danger  to  the  Democrats  is  in  the  political 
hacks  and  selfish  politicians  that  always  surround  a 
new  leader  in  a  mad  scramble  for  position.  These 
office  seekers  have  no  concern  for  the  success  of  the 
administration  and  still  less  regard  for  the  interests 
of  the  people.  An  opportunity  to  live  on  the  expense 
of  the  public  is  their  conception  of  the  functions  of 
public  service.  Another  danger  to  the  new  adminis¬ 
tration  is  the  persistent  demands  and  seductive  plead¬ 
ings  of  the  railroads  and  other  corporate  interests 
for  a  place  for  their  representatives  in  governmental 
places.  The  new  administration  in  New  York  is  beset 
with  both  these  elements.  Therein  lies  its  greatest 
danger.  When  the  people  of  Long  Island  sought  re¬ 
dress  from  the  exactions  of  the  Pennsylvania  Rail¬ 
road,  which  controls  the  transportation  privileges  of 
the  Island,  it  was  Edward  M.  Shepard  who  opposed 
the  interests  of  the  people  at  Albany.  Now,  be¬ 
cause  of  his  great  ability  as  a  lawyer,  he  is  urged 
as  *a  candidate  for  the  United  States  Senate.  And, 
lamentable  to  relate,  the  other  candidates  pressing 
for  the  position  give  him  the  advantage  of  a  had 
preference.  Many  of  the  satellites  pressing  for  ap¬ 
pointive  positions  by  the  Governor  are  of  the  same 
general  type,  until  it  has  got  to  a  point  where  strong, 
clean  men,  jealous  of  their  reputations,  hesitate  to 
allow  the  use  of  their  names  for  the  positions.  This 
state  of  affairs  in  the  situation  is  not  new.  It  is  not 
peculiar  to  one  party  or  another.  Every  new  ad¬ 
ministration  has  these  conditions  to  meet.  The  suc¬ 
cess  of  the  Democratic  party  in  the  State  will  de¬ 
pend  on  the  skill  of  Governor  Dix  and  his  ad¬ 
visers  in  the  party  to  put  these  claimants  aside  and  to 
select  for  the  State  and  national  service  men  solely 
because  of  their  fitness  for  the  service,  and  especially 
qualified  because  of  their  freedom  from  association 
and  contamination  with  financial  systems  and  cor¬ 
porate  interests.  Upstate  we  hear  a  great  deal  about 
the  corruption  of  Tammany  Hall.  The  R.  N.-Y.  has 
no  apologies  to  make  for  that  institution.  But  truth 
compels  us  to  say  that  it  never  made  a  record  for 
barefaced  corruption  that  could  compare  with  the 
upstate  political  machine  of  the  Republican  bosses, 
kept  in  power  by  the  votes  of  farmers  during  recent 
years.  It  was  never  in  a  position  to  put  through 
corrupt  deals  without  combining  with  these  Republi¬ 
can  politicians.  Tammany  Hall  has  an  opportunity 
now  to  put  that  machine  to  shame.  Its  influence  is 
strong  with  the  new  administration.  Let  that  in¬ 
fluence  be  used  to  set  aside  the  claims  of  the  Shep¬ 
ards,  the  Sheehans,  the  Crams,  and  the  Gradys,  and 
to  call  into  service  men  with  a  clean  record  and  high 
sense  of  public  duty.  Let  them  cut  out  the  corpora¬ 
tion  lawyers  and  hack  politicians  for  once  and  send 
a  strong,  clean,  broad-minded  business  man  or  farmer 
from  upstate  to  represent  New  York  in  the  National 
Senate.  The  people  of  the  State  would  be  quick  to 
approve  a  policy  of  this  kind,  and  if  followed  in 
other  matters  an  accidental  lease  of  power  would 
become  a  permanent  commission  from  the  people  to 
the  Democracy  of  the  State  and  nation.  The  people 
of  New  York  have  come  to  the  point  where  they  de¬ 
mand  cleaner  public  service,  and  do  not  much  care 

which  party  gives  it  to  them. 

* 

Our  western  friends  are  slow  to  enter  that  pro¬ 
posed  corn-growing  contest.  Our  proposition  was  for 
a  number  of  growers  in  the  West  and  an  equal  num¬ 
ber  in  the  East  to  select  an  acre  or  a  few  acres  of 
land  and  grow  a  corn  crop  in  any  way  they  please.  | 
They  are  to  use  any  amount  of  manure  or  fertilizer, 
and  any  culture  they  like,  provided  they  keep  an  ac¬ 
curate  account.  The  yields  are  to  be  supervised  and 
determined  by  an  exact  scientific  method,  and  the 


January  7, 

value  figured  at  local  prices  for  grain  and  fodder. 
We  wanted  a  square  business  contest  between  rich 
western  corn  land  and  such  soil  as  is  found  in  New 
England.  We  supposed  the  western  men  would  be 
first  to  enter  such  a  contest,  but  thus  far  only  one 
lias  offered.  We  can  safely  promise  100  New  Eng¬ 
land  corn  growers  if  needed.  Thus  far  the  western 
men  say  that  small  fields  of  one  acre  or  a  few  acres 
are  mere  playthings  and  not  in  their  line.  We  think 
they  can  be  accommodated  with  10  or  20  acre  fields 
if  they  will  come  into  the  contest.  There  are  some 
large  cornfields  in  New  England  ready  to  be  matched 
against  similar  fields  in  the  West.  Where  are  the 
western  corn  growers? 

* 

You  will  remember  the  discussion  with  Senator 
Burrows,  of  Michigan,  over  parcels  post  last  year. 
Michigan  people  began  to  stick  a  few  stamps  on  the 
Senator.  At  first  he  paid  no  attention,  but  the  stamps 
kept  coming.  Then  he  talked  “careful  consideration,” 
but  that  only  brought  more  stamps.  Then  Mr.  Bur¬ 
rows  saw  that  he  must  do  something,  and  he  actually 
introduced  a  bill  to  try  parcels  post  on  two  rural 
routes!  In  the  primary  election  held  in  Michigan 
last  Summer  Mr.  Burrows  was  defeated  as  a  candi¬ 
date  for  the  Senate.  Congressman  Townsend  was 
selected,  and  in  response  to  a  question  of  where  he 
stands  on  parcels  post,  Mr.  Townsend  says: 

I  have  your  favor  of  the  13th  and  you  may  bo  sure 
that  I  shall  favor  a  rural  parcels  post  to  the  limit  of  my 
ability.  I  am  on  record  in  behalf  of  it  in  my  announce¬ 
ment  for  United  States  Senator,  and  I  have  appeared 
before  the  committees  hero  in  its  favor,  and  I  shall  be  for 
it  on  every  proper  occasion. 

Sincerely  yours, 

CII  AS.  E.  TOWN  SEN  D. 

Score  at  least  one  for  primary  nominations.  Had 
there  been  no  primary  in  Michigan  the  chances  are 
that  Mr.  Burrows  would  have  been  returned  in  spite 
of  the  fact  that  a  large  ^majority  of  the  people  did  not 
want  him.  If  we  had  held  a  primary  in  New  Yo.rk 
last  year  the  question  of  Senator  would  have  been 
settled.  As  it  is  a  handful  of  politicians  are  now 
deciding  this  question  as  if  they  owned  the  State. 

* 

“We  do  not  consider  this  any  of  your  -  Imsi- 

ness! 

We  do  not  know  how  familiar  you  are  with  appro¬ 
priate  adjectives,  but  you  may  use  the  strongest  one 
you  know  and  will  then  have  what  we  receive  a 
dozen  times  a  week.  This  opinion  generally  comes 
from  gentlemen  who  have  refused  to  settle  with  some 
of  our  readers.  Sometimes  it  is  for  one  thing  and 
sometimes  another,  but  the  man  who  owes  the  money 
generally  thinks  he  has  hold  of  an  easy  mark  who 
cannot  protect  himself  or  do  much  more  than  com¬ 
plain.  When  these  complaints  are  sent  us  they  are 
investigated  carefully.  In  some  cases  there  is  merely 
a  difference  of  opinion  and  no  attempt  to  do  any  in¬ 
justice.  These  cases  are  easily  settled.  In  others  it 
is  evident  that  one  party,  is  trying  to  avoid  paying  a 
just  debt  or  obligation.  In  such  cases  we  make  it  our 
business  to  help  our  readers,  and  the  first  step  is  to 
approach  the  debtor  in  a  fair  and  courteous  way,  sug¬ 
gesting  a  settlement.  That  is  where  we  often  get  the 
opinion  quoted  above.  Then  it  becomes  our  duty  to 
explain  where  we  get  our  authority  for  coming  into 
the  game,  and  as  a  rule  we  think  these  gentlemen 
understand  before  they  get  through.  We  had  a  case 
not  long  ago  of  a  seed  dealer  who,  it  was  evident, 
had  compelled  a  farmer  to  pay  for  nearly  100  pounds 
of  seed  which  was  never  delivered.  The  corre¬ 
spondence  went  to  the  point  where  this  dealer  "de¬ 
clined  to  receive  any  more  letters  from  us.”  We  told 
him  that  would  satisfy  us,  and  save  time  and  post¬ 
age,  but  that  the  whole  story  would  he  told  in  The 
R.  N.-Y.  Within  48  hours  he  came  hack  still  denying 
our  right  to  discuss  the  case,  but  saying  that  if  we 
would  postpone  the  printing  awhile  he  would  “take  up 
the  matter  again”  with  the  farmer!  That  is  the  un¬ 
printed  history  of  hundreds  of  cases.  We  do  not 
know  of  any  better  work  that  a  farm  paper  can  do 
for  its  readers.  We  do  not  worry  about  the  “author¬ 
ity” — when  it  seems  necessary  to  do  so  we  walk  right 
into  such  little  games  and  take  a  hand. 


BREVITIES. 

If  it  is  not  in  ‘‘The  Business  Hen” — ask  for  it. 

The  "novelties”  do  not  seem  quite  so  novel  this  year. 

There  is  said  to  be  a  revival  of  the  windmill  for  pump¬ 
ing  power  in  England. 

The  husband  of  the  "Business  Hen”  is  worth  consid¬ 
ering.  His  crow  indicates  his  courage. 

We  would  rather  help  any  man  along  than  club  him, 
and  we  want  to  give  them  what  they  deserve. 

The  woman  who  on  page  16,  started  in  to  tell  the 
truth  about  her  hen  business  has  our  sympathy  and  ad¬ 
miration.  If  she  will  give  us  the  cold  facts  and  figures 
just  as  they  are  and  submit  them  for  analysis,  it  will 
make  one  of  the  most  useful  poultry  "systems”  over 
systematized. 


1911. 


OTHER  PEOPLE  S  MONEY. 

The  frantic  appeals  that  E.  G.  Lewis, 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  is  now  making  to 
secure  money  from  confiding  and  gulli¬ 
ble  country  people  is  beyond  question 
the  most  impudent  defiance  of  the  law 
that  the  United  States  mails  must  not 
be  used  for  fraudulent  purposes  that 
has  ever  been  perpetrated  by  any  resi¬ 
dent  of  this  country.  We  bar  none. 
I  he  whole  scheme  is  peculiar  to  Lewis. 
The  promises  of  future  profits,  benefits 
and  wealth  are  in  themselves  repudia¬ 
tions  of  similar  promises  previously 
made  the  same  people  for  money  already 
sent  him.  His  whole  debenture  scheme 
is  an  attempt  to  cover  up  past  promises 
and  present  obligations  to  the  people 
that  he  is  now  trying  to .  induce  once 
more  to  send  him  more  money.  When 
he  faked  the  women  of  the  country  into 
becoming  subscription  agents  for  his 
papers  by  organizing  the  American 
W  Oman  s  League,  he  provided  that 
membership  could  be  secured  only  by 
sending  subscriptions  to  his  papers,  or 
by  purchasing  subscription  certificates 
for  them.  Membership,  he  said,  could 
be  secured  in  no  other  way.  He  based 
the  whole  success  of  the  League  scheme 
on  the  profits  that  would  accrue  to 
his  monthly  publications,  which  he  said 
was  the  largest  and  most  profitable  pub¬ 
lishing  business  in  the  world,  and  which 
the  women  were  to  own  through  the 
League.  _  Hence  his  pledge  that  mem¬ 
bership  in  the  League  could  be  secured 
in  no  other  way  than  in  the  building 
up  of  the  papers  through  membership 
purchased  by  subscriptions  to  them.  If 
there  was  any  benefit  in  the  scheme  ex¬ 
cept  the  privilege  of  sending  Lewis 
money,  it  was  in  this  feature  of  it.  If 
there  were  any  sincerity  in  the  scheme, 
we  would  expect  it  to  show  itself  in  an 
honest  and  persistent  effort  to  make 
good  along  this  line.  But  without 
warning  to  the  women  he  now  stops  the 
publication  of  these  papers,  which  he 
told  them  were  the  largest  and  most 
profitable  in  the  world,  and  admits  that 
they  were  published  at  a  loss.  His  only 
apology  is  the  brazen  admission  that 
he  did  not  know  that  they  were  losing 
money  when  he  called  them  the  largest 
and  most  profitable  in  the  world. 

We  will  not  enumerate  the  annuity 
for  life  or  other  benefits  promised  the 
women.  He  has  now  practically  aban¬ 
doned  them  all,  and  memberships  are 
for  sale  to  anyone  at  $100  per.  In  ad¬ 
dition  you  can  get  a  10-year  debenture 
or  note  for  the  full  amount.  But  Lewis 
has  yet  failed  to  show  that  the  note  has 
a  penny  of  value  behind  it;  and  the  gen¬ 
eral  opinion  is  that  the  money  is  going 
into  an  insolvent  account.  From  what 
Lewis  has  himself  said  we  would  not 
expect  his  Builders’  Fund  account  to  pay 
50  cents  on  the  dollar  if  liquidated  to¬ 
day,  and  it  is  into  this  that  he  asks 
women  to  put  $3,000,000.  He  actually 


I  HR  RURAL, 

had  the  audacity  to  request  that  this 
large  sum  be  sent  him  before  New 
Year's.  Of  course  he  knew  it  would  not 
come;  but  predicating  all  on  that  re¬ 
sult  he  went  on  to  tell  of  the  glorious 
results  just  as  if  it  were  an  assured 
fact. 

Note  the  characteristic  Lewis  induce¬ 
ments.  First  those  only  who  sent  the 
money  by  December  3  could  get  the 
notes  this  year.  Then  December  17 
would  do.  After  that  date,  all  who  sent 
the  money  by  January  1,  1911,  would 
get  them.  This  shuffling  of  limits  and 
inducements  is  an  old  trick  of  Lewis’s. 
Go  over  his  literature  for  10  years  and 
you  find_  many  repetitions.  But  what  is 
the  use?  We  are  not  going  into  de¬ 
tail  about  his  new  promises  for  the  de¬ 
bentures.  There  is  neither  business  nor 
sincerity  in  it.  To  secure  money  under 
false  pretenses  is  a  swindle.  To  permit 
the  continuous  exploitation  of  the  people 
through  the  mails  would  be  a  national 
scandal.  We  cannot  believe  that  the 
Post  Office  Department  would  know¬ 
ingly  stand  for  it.  We  invite  the  honest 
women  of  the  country  to  help  other 
poor  women  save  their  earnings,  and 
help  save  the  credit  of  the  country  by 
a  vigorous  protest  to  the  Post  Office 
Department  against  a  reckless  scheme 
of  frenzied  finance.  If  you  get  any 
letters  or  circulars  from  Lewis  so¬ 
liciting  money  on  these  debentures,  send 
them  on  to  us  just  as  you  get  them. 
We  can  make  better  use  of  them  than 
you  can. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — Fire  Marshal  James  Horan 
and  30  of  his  comrades  of  the  Chicago 
Fire  Department  gave  up  their  lives  De¬ 
cember  22  in  a  disaster  that  the  veteran 
fire  fighter  had  feared  for  years.  Twelve 
hours  after  the  fire  chief  had,  warned  the 
Council  Committee  on  Buildings  that  bet¬ 
ter  fire  fighting  appliances  were  needed  in 
the  stock  yards  at  once  he  had  been 
trapped  and  two  entire  companies  of  fire¬ 
men  had  been  wiped  out  in  just  such  a 
fire  as  he  had  predicted.  The  flames  de¬ 
stroyed  the  new  beef  house  of  the  Morris 
&  Co.  plant  at  the  yards,  spread  to  sev¬ 
eral  smaller  structures  and  for  hours 
threatened  to  sweep  the  yards.  In  addi¬ 
tion  to  the  loss  of  life  the  flames  destroyed 
property  worth  $1,000,000.  It  was  due  only 
to  the  stubborn  fight  waged  by  the  fire¬ 
men  from  every  section  of  Chicago  rather 
than  the  fire  appliances  and  water  pres¬ 
sure  at  their  command  that  they  kept  the 
flames  from  the  Armour  and  Swift  plants 
close  about  the  site  of  the  ruined  beef 
house.  The  fire  broke  out  again  the  fol¬ 
lowing  day,  and  was  finally  subdued  with 
difficulty. 

Thirteen  firemen  and  one  policeman  met 
death  when  the  walls  of  the  Friedlander 
leather  factory  in  North  Bodine  street, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  collapsed  December  21, 
after  the  building  had  been  destroyed  by 
fire.  According  to  an  official  statement 
given  out  by  the  Department  of  Public 
Safety,  in  addition  to  those  killed  thirty- 
one  firemen, _  seven  policemen  and  one  ci¬ 
vilian  were  injured,  some  of  them  danger¬ 
ously.  One  fireman,  William  Glazier  of 
Engine  Company  G,  was  taken  alive  from 
the  ruins  after  he  had  been  imprisoned  for 
14  hours.  There  is  hope  that  he  will  live. 
The  factory  building  was  58  years  old. 
Edwin  Clark,  chief  of  the  Bureau  of 
Building  Inspection,  said  the  walls  col¬ 
lapsed  because  of  their  age  and  the  man¬ 
ner  of  their  construction.  The  mortar,  he 


NEW-YORKER 

said,  was  so  old  that  a  little  beat  eon- 
verted  it  practically  into  powder,  so  that 
It  had  no  adhesive  power.  The  girders  and 
beams,  instead  of  being  iron  and  steel  as 
in  modern  buildings,  were  of  wood.  These 
burned  out  quickly  and  took  away  the  only 
support  of  the  walls. 

December  21  fire  in  the  Oriess-Pfleger 
plant  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  killed  three  men, 
injured  six  others,  and  caused  a  property 
loss  of  $2,500,000. 

tor  pretending  to  teach  city  boys  how 
to  become  cowboys  Carl  Smith  of  San  An¬ 
tonio,  Tex.,  has  been  made  the  subject  of 
a  fraud  order  by  the  Postmaster-General. 
He  is  under  arrest  in  Texas.  It  is  ex¬ 
plained  that  when  arraigned  before  the 
United  States  Commissioner  and  asked  if 
he  had  been  employing  cowboys  Smith  ad¬ 
mitted  that  he  had  and  pleaded  guilty  to 
the  charge  against  him.  When  asked  if 
he  ever  paid  any  of  them  as  he  promised  in 
his  advertisement,  he  said  he  had'  not. 
Asked  where  “Rincon  Ranch”  was,  to  which 
he  promised  to  send  them,  he  said  he  had 
no  idea,  and  when  asked  why  he  had  ap¬ 
plicants  send  him  $2  on  account  for  a 
railroad  ticket  to  the  place  when  he  did 
not  intend  to  send  a  ticket  he  blandly  an¬ 
swered  :  "Why,  to  get  the  money,  I  guess.” 

The  Llewellyn  Iron  Works,  Los  Angeles, 
Cal.,  were  partially  destroyed  by  a  dyna¬ 
mite  explosion  December  25.  The  firm  had 
had  trouble  with  the  metal  workers’ 
union  for  several  months.  So  great  was 
the  force  of  the  explosion  that  residents 
In  the  West  Lake  Park  district,  two  miles 
away,  were  awakened  by  the  shock.  All 
the  glass  in  neighboring  buildings  was 
smashed  and  some  damage  was  done  to  the 
Lacy  Manufacturing  Company,  the  Johnson 
Machine  Works  and  other  plants.  The  ex¬ 
plosion  tore  a  hole  18  inches  deep  and  six 
feet  in  diameter  in  the  ground  just  at  the 
wagon  entrance  to  the  plant.  A  shed  which 
contained  stored  iron  near  the  entrance  was 
totally  wrecked. 

Joseph  G.  Robin,  formerly  Robinovitch, 
a  New  York  banker,  is  in  trouble. 
His  bank,  the  Northern,  at  215  West  125th 
street,  New  York,  deposits  $7,000,000,  was 
closed  by  the  Banking  Department  before 
business  could  open  December  27.  It  has 
nine  branches,  which  were  closed  simul¬ 
taneously.  It  was  said  that  the  depositors 
would  get  their  money,  but  that  the  stock¬ 
holders  were  not  likely  to  fare  so  well. 
The  Insurance  Department  set  things  going 
against  Robin  through  an  inquiry  into  the 
financing  of  the  Aetna  Indemnity  Company 
of  Hartford  by  Robin,  who,  the  department 
says,  treated  the  assets  of  companies  he 
controlled  as  his  own  personal  property. 
Superintendent  of  Insurance  Hotchkiss 
says  that  an  examination  of  the  Aetna  In¬ 
demnity  Company  of  Hartford  by  the  New 
York  and  Connecticut  Insurance  depart¬ 
ments  was  begun  December  1G.  Joseph  G. 
Robin  was  in  March  last  the  controlling 
stockholder  of  the  Aetna  Indemnity  Com¬ 
pany  and  apparently  of  the  Northern  Bank 
of  New  York,  located  at  215  West  125th 
street.  He  also  largely  controlled  the 
Bankers’  Realty  and  Security  Company,  a 
realty  corporation  heavily  interested  in 
Bronx  lands ;  the  Fidelity  Development 
Company  (the  owners  of  the  old  Morris 
Fark  racetrack),  and  the  South  Shore 
Traction  Company  and  the  Babylon  Rail¬ 
road  Company,  two  Long  Island  traction 
corporations.  The  Robin  corporations, 
other  than  the  banks  and  the  insurance 
company,  all  office  together  on  the  eighth 
floor  of  the  Times  Building  and  seem  to 
have  the  same  employees.  Save  as  to  the 
Northern  Bank,  in  which  he  is  chairman 
of  the  Finance  Committee,  Robin,  appears 
not  to  be  an  officer  of  any  of  these  institu¬ 
tions,  his  control  or  influence  being  exer¬ 
cised  through  one  or  more  confidential 
representatives.  Such  control  seems,  how¬ 
ever,  to  be  absolute. 

Stanislao  Pattenza  and  Maria  Rappa,  who 
were  convicted  in  the  County  Court,  Brook¬ 
lyn,  of  complicity  in  the  kidnapping  of 
Joseph  Longa  and  Michael  Rizzo  on  No¬ 
vember  19,  were  sentenced  December  27  by 
Judge  Fawcett  each  to  not  less  than  25 
years  imprisonment  nor  more  than  49  years 
and  10  months.  Pattenza  goes  to  Sing 


13 

Sing  and  Maria  Rappa  to  -Auburn  prisoji. 
lhese  two  were  leaders  in  a  gang  of  Italian 
kidnappers  who  were  implicated  in  numer¬ 
ous  crimes. 

FARM  AND  GARDEN.- — -The  annual  con¬ 
vention  and  fruit  show  of  the  State  Hor¬ 
ticultural  Association  of  Pennsylvania  will 
be  held  in  Harrisburg,  Januarv'  24,  25,  2G, 
in  connection  with  the  State  Board  of  Agri¬ 
culture,  Pennsylvania  Live  Stock  Breeders’ 
Association,  and  the  State  Dairy  Union  ; 
Chester  J.  Tyson,  Secretary,  Flora  Dale, 
Pa. 

D.  W.  Raymond,  secretary  of  the  State 
Board  of  Live  Stock  Commissioners,  swore 
out  a  warrant  December  2G  for  the  arrest 
of  S.  W.  Langhorne,  Jr.,  assistant  secretary 
of  the  board,  charging  forgery  of  check's 
made  out  to  shippers  of  cattle  from  Mon¬ 
tana  to  the  eastern  markets.  Langhorne. 
was  arrested.  He  has  returned  $3,000, 
it  is  said,  and  admits  taking  $15,000  in 
this  manner.  The  State  examiners’  inspec¬ 
tion  shows  double  this  amount  improperly 
accounted  for.  His  plan,  it  was  alleged, 
was  to  extract  from  letters  checks  cover¬ 
ing  stray  shipments,  which  usually 
amounted  to  $150,000  a  year. 

The  Massachusetts  Creamery  Association 
met  at  the  Draper  Hotel  in  Northampton, 
December  21  in  their  sixteenth  annual 
business  meeting.  The  following  officers 
were  elected  for  the  ensuing  year'  Presi¬ 
dent.  W.  A.  Harlow,  Cumnnngton ;  vice- 
president,  W.  A.  Pease,  Hatfield ;  secre¬ 
tary  and  treasurer,  Prof.  W.  P.  B.  Lock- 
wood,  Amherst  (AJassachusetts  Agricul¬ 
tural  College).  After  the  election  of  offi¬ 
cers  the  regular  business  of  the  association 
was  transacted.  Those  present,  other  than 
members,  were:  G.  E.  Hodgkins,  president, 
Northampton  Board  of  Trade;  Dr.  J.  R. 
Lindsey  and  P.  H.  Smith,  of  the  Agricul¬ 
tural  Experiment  Station :  Prof.  James  A. 
Food  and  C.  F.  Robinson,  dairy  field  agent 
of  the  Agricultural  College.  H.  A.  Par¬ 
sons  of  North  Amherst  represented  the 
Massachusetts  Dairy  Bureau.  The  Cream¬ 
ery  Association,  instead  of  having  a  sepa¬ 
rate  convention  this  year,  will  co-operate 
with  the  Agricultural  College  in  making 
March  15,  the  Wednesday  of  Farmers’ 
Week,  a  big  dairy  day.  Every  phase  of 
the  dairy  work  will  be  handled  by  an  ex¬ 
pert.  There  will  be  a  competitive  mar¬ 
ket  milk,  dairy  butter  and  creamery  but¬ 
ter  exhibit.  No  pains  is  being  spared  to 
make  this  meeting  the  best  possible.  It  is 
desired  to  get  together  those  interested  in 
all  lines  of  dairy  work  and  organize  a 
dairymen’s  association  in  Massachusetts. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Brown  Swiss 
Cattle  Breeders’  Association  was  held  at 
Owego,  N.  Y.,  December  8,  1910,  but  they 
lacked  one  or  having  a  quorum,  and  ad¬ 
journed  to  Saturday,  January  25,  1911,  at 
Chicago.  The  Brown  Swiss  cattle  are  on 
a  higher  plane  and  more  sought  after  than 
even  before. 


“Everything  is  lovely  and  the  goose 
hangs  high.”  Conditions  here  in  Wal¬ 
worth  County,  Wis.,  are  as  follows :  We 
had  a  very  dry  Summer,  no  rain  to  speak 
of  from  May  -  28  to  August  15,  but  for 
all  that  crops  and  prices  are  a  strong 
average,  except  corn,  which  is  a  little  bet¬ 
ter  than  half  a  crop.  Prices  are  about 
as  follows :  Hogs  on  foot,  $7  per  100 ; 
oats,  32  cents  per  bushel ;  barley,  70  cents  ; 
hay,  $15  to  $18  per  ton  ;  corn,  shelled,  $20 
per  ton ;  potatoes,  40  to  50  cents  per 
bushel.  Cattle  on  foot  from  four  cents  to 
five  cents  per  pound.  Land  anywhere  from 
$80  to  $200  per  acre ;  the  latter  figure 
was  paid  for  520  acres  about  one  and  a 
half  miles  from  Delavan  by  a  Chicago 
acker.  The  Bordens  pay  an  average  of 
1.86  2-3  per  100  for  milk  the  six  months 
of  Winter.  New  milch  cows  are  worth 
anywhere  from  $40  to  $75  per  head  for 
common  and  for  purebreds  from  $100  to 
$300,  but  those  are  not  in  the  poor  man’s 
class.  Horses  are  also  high,  from  $100 
to  $300  for  work  horses  r  in  short,  all  stuff 
brings  Chicago  prices  with  a  little  out  for 
freight  and  commission.  m.  F. 

Elkhorn,  Wis. 


Dibble’s  Farm  Seed  Catalog 

- FOR  1911 - 


is  now  ready  lor  distribution.  We  expect  to  begin  mailing  the  1911 
edition  to  our  regular  customers  January  10th,  and  all  requests  for 
catalogs  will  be  promptly  attended  to. 

Dibble’s  Farm  Seed  Catalog  is  the  leading  Farm  Seed  Book  of  the 
j  ear,  copiously  illustrated  with  photographic  reproductions,  tells  the 
exact  truth  about  the  Farm  Seed  situation,  and  gives  brief,  concise 
descriptions  of  the  best  Northern-grown  Seed  Potatoes,  Corn,  Oats 
Barley,  Alfalfa,  Clover  and  Grass  Seeds. 


Are  Headquarters  For  Farm  Seeds. 

Have  over  1600  Acres  in  our  own  Seed  Farms  and  ship  direct 
from  our  tarms  to  yours  at  the  lowest  possible  prices  consistent  with 
highest  possible  quality. 

With  each  catalog,  if  you  ask  for  them,  we  will  send  two  book¬ 
lets  written  by  Mr.  Dibble,  entitled  “Dibble  On  The  Potato” 
and  “Dibble  On  Alfalfa,”  absolutely  without  charge. 


ADDRESS- 


EDWARD  F.  DIBBLE,  Seedgrower 

Box  _  Honeoye  Falls,  N.  Y. 


PETER  COOPER’S  PURE  BONE  DUST 

THE  OLD  RELIABLE  SINCE  1827 

STERLING  BRANDS  OF 
COMPLETE  FERTILIZERS 

SPECIAL  BLENDS  FOR  SPECIAL  CROPS 

:  :  Send  for  Booklet  :  : 

PETER  COOPER'S  FERTILIZER,  "V.KftSST 


VISIT  OUR 
EXHIBIT  OF 


EASTERN  GROWN  APPLES 


UNTIL  FEB. 
1st,  1911 


We  have  on  exhibit  during  January  at  the  Reading;  Terminal  Market,  Philadelphia,  car  loads 
of  Eastern  grown  apples— Winesap,  Ben  Davis,  York  Imperial,  Stayman’s  Winesap,  Albemarle 
Pippin  and  others  to  show  what  can  be  grown  in  the  East.  George  H.  McKay,  mgr.  of  exhibit. 
VV  c  also  have  a  car  load  of  fruit  and  ornamental  trees  showing  we  can  grow  trees. 
WE  HAVE  AT  OUR  NURSERIES: 

GRAPE  VINES— Concord  and  Moore's  Early  20,000  PLUM  TREES— 1  and  2  years 

PEACH  ™EES-100  varieties  500,000  CALIFORNIA  PRIVET — all  urades 

APPLE  TREES— 100  varieties,  I  and  2  years  10,000,000  STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 

PEAR  TREES- 1,  2  and  3  years  100,000  NORWAY  MAPLES 

CHERRY  TREES— 1  and  2  years  '100,000  NORWAY  SPRUCE 


100,000 
200,000 
200,000 
50,000 
50,000 

and  a  large  acreage  of  other  shade  and  ornamental  trees  all  of 
which  are  in  fine  condition  and  ready  for  Immediate  shipment. 
Can  we  talk  business?  If  you  intend  planting  stock  in  the 
spring,  won't  you  kindly  All  out  the  attached  coupon  and 
mail  same  to  ns  today?  You  do  not  place  yourself  under  any 
obligations  whatever  by  doing  this,  but  I  should  be  glad  to 
have  the  opportunity  of  giving  you  our  prices. 

New  catalogue  on  how  to  grow  fruit  in  the  East  FREE. 

HARRISON'S  NURSERIES,  Berlin,  Md. 


HARRISON’S 

Name _ 

Town _ 

State_ 


NURSERIES,  Berlin,  Md. 


County 


1  am  in- 


I 

terested  in  the  following  for  spring  planting:  | 

J 


WILL  ADD  VALUE 
TO  YOUR  LAND 


ALFALFA 

ALFALFA  is  a  wonderful  yielder  of  hay  and  is  equally  valuable  as  a  fP 
\  soil  builder,  restoring  nitrogen  and  increasing  fertility.  We  special- 
ize  in  alfalfa,  particularly  in  those  varieties  which  have  proved  hardiest  $ 
and  most  valuable  for  all  climates. 

Read  About  Alfalfa  in  Our  27th  Annual 


Our  Sterling  Alfalfa  is  the  purest, 
cleanest  and  best  seed  obtainable 
price. 

PRICES,  including  bags 
F.  O.  B.  Minneapolis: 

Sterlino  Montana  Alfalfa,  perbu.,  S14.20 

Dry  Land  Alfalfa,  “  “  15.10 

Turkestan  Alfalfa,  "  “  13.30 

Grim  Alfalfa,  '*  "  18.10 


Catalogue 

TT  tells  the  value  of  Alfalfa  for  feeding 
stock,  its  yield  and  how  it  improves 
the  soil.  Each  variety  is  described  at 
length.  This  beautiful  144  Page  Cata¬ 
logue  is  full  of  valuable  information  on 
the  best  varieties  of  all  kinds  of  seeds 
for  field  and  garden.  Write  for  it  today. 


NORTHRUP,  KING  &  CO.,  Seedsmen,  54  Bridge  Sq.,  Minneapolis,  Minn 


Burpee,  Philadelphia, 

WP  ^  h  H  1 1  Kp  nlpOCPrl  fn  can/I  'T  tm  T  m  mum  *  gg  ED  CATAL 

Burpee=Quality 


is  sufficient  for  the  front 
of  a  post  card.  If  you  will 
write  your  own  address 

we  shall  be  pleased  to  send  The  Leading  American  Seed  Catalog.  Pl^1elerantl5TOkeofS  174 
pages,  it  tells  the  plain  truth,  and  should  be  read  by  K  74 

all  who  would  have  the  best  garden  possible  and 
who  are  willing  to  pay  a  fair  price  for  seeds  of  the 


14 


THE  RURAL  NEW  -YORKER 


January  7, 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

THIS  LIFE  GAUGE. 

They  err  who  measure  life  by  years, 

With  false  or  thoughtless  tongue; 

Borne  hearts  grow  old  before  their  time; 
Others  are  always  young. 

*Tis  not  the  number  of  the  lines 
On  Life’s  fast  filling  page; 

»Tis  not  the  pulse’s  added  throbs 
Which  constitute  their  age. 

Some  souls  are  serfs  among  the  free, 

While  others  nobly  thrive 
They  stand  just  when'  their  fathers  stood; 
Dead,  even  while  they  live! 

Others,  all  spirit,  heart,  and  sense — 

Theirs  the  mysterious  power 
To  live,  in  throbs  of  joy  or  woe, 

A  twelvemonth  in  an  hour! 

Seize  then  the  minutes  as  they  pass — 

The  woof  of  Life  is  Thought! 

Warm  up  the  colors — let  them  glow 
By  fire  or  fancy  fraught. 

Live  to  some  purposed-make  thy  life 
A  gift  of  use  to  thee! 

A  joy,  a  good,  a  golden  hope. 

A  heavenly  argosy! 

— Author  Unknown. 

♦ 

“Til’  whistle  never  blows  for  mother,” 
says  Abe  Martin,  the  Indiana  philoso¬ 
pher,  (hits  expressing  a  great  truth  in 
everyday  words. 

♦ 

Hous ('.keepers  will  be  interested  in 
the  fraud  order  recently  issued  against 
the  World  Manufacturing  Company,  of 
Cincinnati,  O.,  and  three  subsidiary 
companies.  This  includes  the  R.  Arm¬ 
strong  Company,  which  manufactures  a 
vacuum  carpet  cleaner.  It  is  asserted 
that  the  cleaner,  which  costs  $8.50,  is 
not  as  represented.  Federal  inspectors 
say  that  the  company  has  sold  37,000  of 
these  devices  this  year. 

* 

“Bubble  and  squeak”  is  an  old-fash¬ 
ioned  English  name  for  warmed-over 
beef  and  cabbage.  Cold  boiled  beef  is 
sliced  thin,  including  the  fat,  and  is 
then  fried  quickly  in  hot  butter  until 
heated  through.  Fry  the  cabbage  in 
butter  also,  seasoning  well  with  black 
pepper,  then  make  a  mound  of  the  cab¬ 
bage  on  a  hot  platter,  lay  the  slices  of 
beef  on  it  and  serve  very  hot.  Some¬ 
times  a  little  chopped  onion  is  fried  in 

the  butter  before  the  meat  is  put  in. 

* 

Farming  in  Nairobi,  British  East  Af¬ 
rica,  is  not  without  thrills,  according  to 
a  resident  of  that  district  recently  in 
New  York.  He  has  a  great  ranch,  where 
he  expects  to  carry  on  ostrich  farming 
on  a  large  scale.  He  said  to  an  inter¬ 
viewer  : 

“Since  I  left  my  farm  my  man  has 
trapped  a  leopard  that  measured  nine 
feet  three  inches  in  length,  and  another 
which  is  believed  to  be  the  biggest  ever 
taken.  They  were  after  our  pigs  and 
got  caught  in  a  cage.  A  recent  letter 
from  .niy  manager  tells  me  that  a  lion 
and  a  lioness  have  taken  up  their  abode 
in  one  corner  of  a  200  acre  cornfield, 
and  that  the  opposite  corner  has  been 
appropriated  by  an  old  bull  buffalo.” 

* 

The  experience  gained  in  the  public 
schools  of  Orange,  N.  J.,  where  they 
have  established  a  special  class  room 
for  anaemic  children,  will  be  very  use¬ 
ful  to  mothers  who  have  this  problem 
before  them.  The  children  are  not 
taught  out  of  doors,  but  in  a  large  room 
in  which  there  are  numerous  windows, 
all  kept  wide  open  throughout  the  ses¬ 
sion.  In  every  other  feature  the  work 
is  the  same  as  that  of  an  outdoor  class. 
The  board  established  a  class  for  chil¬ 
dren  threatened  with  tuberculosis  some 
time  ago,  and  with  that  problem  dis¬ 
posed  of  it  became  necessary  to  provide 
for  the  children  who  are  not  well 
enough  nourished  to  insure  their  full 
development.  They  get  to  school  at 
nine  o’clock  in  the  morning  and  the  ses¬ 
sion  lasts  until  10.30,  with  interruptions 
for  breathing  exercises  and  a  little  play. 
Then  they  get  hot  porridge  or  milk  and 
eggs  and  after  that  they  are  at  work 


again  until  noon.  The  midday  meal  is 
served  in  the  schoolroom  at  the  ex¬ 
pense  of  the  Board  of  Education.  The 
children  then  work  until  three  o’clock, 
when  they  are  sent  home  comforted  with 
cocoa,  porridge  or  milk,  with  plenty  of 
bread  and  butter  on  the  side.  A  great 
many  growing  children  and  young  girls 
become  anaemic,  and  we  believe  this 
condition  is  not  always  recognized  by 
the  parents.  Abundant  fresh  air.  out¬ 
door  exercise,  plenty  of  sleep  and 
nourishing  food  are  among  the  first 
requisites,  and  nothing  could  be  much 
worse  for  an  anaemic  child  than  a 
crowded  and  poorly  ventilated  sleeping 
room. 

* 

Representative  Murdock,  of  Kansas, 
wants  Congress  to  pass  a  pure-fabric 
law.  He  says  that  he  cannot  see  why, 
if  the  law  protects  people  from  the  im¬ 
position  of  aniline-dyed  glucose  mas¬ 
querading  as  currant  jelly,  they  should 
not  be  protected  by  law  from  cotton 
masquerading  as  wool.  In  short,  hisr 
legislative  attempt  will  be  to  secure  the 
passage  of  a  bill  which  shall  compel 
the  proper  labelling  of  all  fabrics,  SO 
that  the  purchaser  may  know  whether 
he  is  buying  all  wool,  part  wool,  or 
no  wool.  He  would  have  proper  penal¬ 
ties  provided,  and,  in  his  view,  a  proper 
penalty  means  imprisonment  for  false 
statements  made  on  the  goods’  labels. 
We  think  every  housekeeper  in  the 
United  States  will  be  ready  to  back 
Mr.  Murdock,  for  most  of  us  have  had 
painful  experience  in  buying  “all-wool” 
fabrics,  at  all-wool  prices,  which  quickly 
showed  their  cotton  and  shoddy  char¬ 
acter.  The  prices  of  woolen  and  even 
part  woolen  fabrics  are  so  high  that  we 
are  surely  entitled  to  know  what  we  are 
paying  for. 

Cleaning  Flues  with  Zinc. 

Can  you  tell  me  the  method  of  cleaning 
kitchen  flues  with  old  zinc  or  worn-out 
electric  batteries?  I  nave  seen  mention 
of  it  in  the  papers.  Is  the  zinc  or  bat¬ 
teries  placed  in  the  chimney?  If  so,  how 
are  they  burned?  They  do  not  give  the 
method  of  doing  it.  MRS.  E.  w. 

This  question  is  beyond  us;  can  any¬ 
one  give  us  information  regarding  it? 
We  infer  that  the  zinc  is  treated  with 
some  acid  which  causes  rapid  formation 
of  gas. 

Painting  Pantry  Shelves. 

I  have  read  so  much  advice  about 
using  white  oilcloth  for  pantry  shelves 
that  I  wish  to  enter  a  protest.  Why 
not  paint  the  shelves?  Almost  any  color 
but  white  will  do.  Enamel  paint  is  pre¬ 
ferable.  Under  milk  pans  or  dishes 
containing  food  there  might  be  a  piece 
of  pasteboard  or  a  folded  paper.  Then 
all  that  is  necessary  to  do  is  occasion¬ 
ally  to  wipe  the  dust  off  the  shelves.  I 
think  a  light  color  is  better  for  shelves 
than  a  dark  one.  Oilcloth  cracks,  stains 
and  sometimes  the  paint  rubs  up  and 
looks  black  and  dirty;  paint  costs  less. 

G.  w.  c. 


wise  on  the  line  with  many  pins,  which 
prevented  them  getting  out  of  shape. 
The  rugs  were  thoroughly  clean  and 
fadeless,  while  my  back  was  spared  the 
consequences  attendant  on  lifting  and 
wringing  heavy  things  from  a  tub. 

MAUDE  E.  S.  HYMERS. 


Baked  Apple  Pudding. — Peel,  core 
and  slice  12  large  apples;  line  a  deep 
pudding  dish  with  pie  paste,  pack  in 
apples,  add  V/z  cup  of  sugar,  one  grated 
nutmeg,  one  tablespoon ful  of  butter,  and 
one  half  cup  of  water.  Wet  edges  of 
paste,  lay  on  a  top  cover,  pinch  or  crimp 
edges  together,  make  a  small  opening 
in  center,  bake  in  a  moderate  oven  un¬ 
til  apples  are  tender.  Serve  with  rich 
sweet  cream.  d.  b.  p. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  12. 


Send  Your  Name  To-day  to 


R.  H.  Jlncy’s  Attractions  are  their  Low  Prices 


Washing  Heavy  Rugs. 

With  the  conviction  that  some  heavy 
vhite  cottage  rugs  required  washing, 
trose  the  question  of  how  it  should  be 
lone.  I  dared  not  send  them  to  my 
vasherwoman  lest  their  delicate  colored 
borders  be  faded  and  thus  ruin  my 
rolor  scheme ;  and  to  wash  them  at 
lome  required  a  washing  machine, 
.vhich  I  did  not  possess.  After  much 
leliberation  I  had  the  large  kitchen 
able  brought  outside  in  the  shade,  hav- 
ng  chosen  a  warm,  sunshiny  day.  On 
his  I  spread  the  rug,  having  a  tubful 
if  hot,  strong  suds  beside  me  on  a 
lench ;  and  with  a  stiff  bristle  brush  I 
rave  those  rugs  a  thorough  scrubbing 
m  both  sides.  This  was  followed  by 
:horough  rinsing  with  a  second  tubful 
if  hot,  clear  water;  then  came  a  rins- 
ng  in  cold  water,  finishing  with  a  fourth 
ubful  of  blued  water.  When  clean  and 
dear  they  were  hung,  without  wringing, 
n  the  sunshine;  being  fastened  length- 


★ 

★ 

★ 

★ 

★ 

★ 

★ 

★ 

★ 

★ 

★ 

★ 

★ 

★ 

★ 

★ 

★ 

★ 

★ 

★ 

★ 

★ 

★ 


and  we  will  send  you  a  copy  of  our  Special 
Sale  Catalogue  Free  and  Postpaid. 


OF  MACY 
BARGAINS 


THOUSANDS 

There  h:is  never  been  a  midwinter  Bale  quite  like 
this.  From  field  and  farm  and  workshop— from 
producers,  from  manufacturers— we  have  gath¬ 
ered  together  a  wonderful  variety  of  fine  mer¬ 
chandise  and  to  sell  it  all  in  January  and  Febru¬ 
ary  we  offer  It  at 

BIG  PRICE  REDUCTIONS 

Shirtwaists,  shirts,  pettlconts,  comlilnn- 
tlon  suits,  corset  covers,  table  and  bed 
linens,  towels,  wash  goods,  dress  goods, 
embroidery,  neckwear.  Infant’s  wear, 
apparel  for  men,  women  and  children, 
household  goods,  thousands  ofthemostneeded 
articles  gathered  together  spe¬ 
cially  for  this  great  sale.  Don’t 
buy  anything  to  wear,  CQ<£ 

anywhere, atany  price,  J 

until  you  first  see 
what  we  offer  in 
this  free  catalogue. 

Write  for 
it  now. 


Ask  for  Catalogue  No.  801 

R.  H.  MACY  &  CO.,  New  York 

Broadway  at  6th  Ave.,  34th  to  35th  Street 


MARKET  GARDENERS’  PAPER 

Weekly  Market  Growers’  Journal— only  paper  printed 
especially  for  vegetable  growers.  81.00  a  year,  52  is¬ 
sues.  For  10  cents  and  names  of  three  market  gardeners 
we  will  send  it  ten  weeks  with  our  popular  booklet, 
"$25,000  a  Year  From  Twelve  Acres.’  Send  for  free 
sample  copies — it  is  the  best  way  to  judge.  % 

Market  Growers'  Journal,  541  Walker  Bldg.,  Louisville,  Ky. 

DCCIf  CCDillP  its  pleasures  and  profits,  is  the 
DhtfVttrINU  theme  of  that  excellent  and  tauid- 
somely  illustrated  magazine,  GLEAN  I  N  OS  1»  KM, 
CULT  CUE.  VV'e  send  it  for  six  months  on  tiial  for 
twenty-five  cents,  and  also  send  free  a  64-page  book  on 
bees  and  our  bee  supply  catalogue  to  all  who  n 
paper.  THE  A.  L  ROOT  CO.,  IF  -  “ 


_ _ _ _ name  this 

lux  65,  Medina,  Ohio. 


Makes  and  burns  its  own  gas  and 
produces  a  pure  white,  steady, 
safe,  100  candle  power  light.  .  No 
wick,  smoke,  dirt,  grease  or  odor. 


THE  BEST  LIGHT 


Lighted  instantly.  Over  200  styles. 
Agents  wanted. Write  for  catalog 

the  best  EIGHT  CO. 

4  01  E.  5th  St.,  Canton,  0< 


FOUNDED  18-Ht 


Intense  and  Fadeless 

Simpson- 
Eddystone 

[Solid  Black  Prints 

(have  been  the  recognized 
standard  black  since  1842. 

The  rich  lustrous,  black 
I  of  this  calico  is  insepar- 
able  from  the  cloth.  The 
color  is  tub -proof,  sun¬ 
proof  and  perspiration  - 
proof.  Cloth  of  the  first 
quality,  well -woven  and 
|  durable. 

Show  this  advertisement  to  your  deal- 
ler  when  you  order,  and  don't  accept 
I  substitutes.  If  not  in  your  dealer’s 
I  stock  write  us  his  name  and  address. 
|  We'll  help  him  supply  you. 

jThe  Eddystone  Mfg.  Co.,  Philadelphia 

Established  by  Wm.  Simpson,  Sr* 


RANGER’’  BICYCLES 


Have  imported  roller  chains ,  sprockets  anti 
fedals;  New  Departure  Coaster- Brakes  and 
Hubs;  Puncture  Proof  Tires;  highest  grade 
equipment  and  many  advanced  features  pos¬ 
sessed  by  no  other  wheels.  Guaranteed  Syr  s. 

ACT0RY  PRICES 

others  ask  for  cheap  wheels.  Other  reliable 
models  from  6X2  up.  A  few  good  second¬ 
hand  machines  $3  to  $8. 

lODAYS’FREE  TRIAL!I’.t' 

■  provnl  ,  freight  prepaid ,  anywhere  In  U.  S., 
without  a  cent  in  advance.  DO  NOT  BUY  a 
'bicycle  or  a  pair  of  tires  from  anyone  atany 
J  price  until  you  get  our  big  new  catalog  and 
” special  prices  and  a  marvelous  new  offer. 
A  postal  brings  everything.  Write  it  now. 
TiprO  Coaster  Brake  Rear  Wheels,  lamps, 
I  IIILv  parts,  and  sundries  half  usual  prices. 
Rider  A  grents  everywhere  are  coining  money  selling  out  bi¬ 
cycles,  tires  and  sundries.  Write  today, 

MEAD  CYCLE  CO.,  Dept.  W80»  CHICAGO 


manatee-florida 


J  Where  fortune*  are  made  on  amall  farm* 
\M5^growin8  Oranges,  Grape  Fruit  and  Veg- 
VS^e  tables.  Cheap  lands  now  available.  Quick 
transportation — low  freight  rates  to  Eastern 
and  Northern  markets  via  S.  A.  L.  Ry.  Two 
*and  three  crops  a  year,  net  $500  to  $1500 
'  per  acre.  Ideal  climate  year  round  —  no 
freezes — no  extreme  heat.  Write  for  illus¬ 
trated  booklet — it’s  free — address, 

J.  W.  WHITE,  Gen’l  Indnstrial  Agt, 

■if.  SEABOARD  AIR  LINE  RY. 

NORFOLK,  VA.  DEPT.  A 


Why  Rent  a  Farm 

and  be  compelled  to  pay  to  your  landlord  most  of 
your  hard-earned  profits?  Own  your  own 
farm.  Secure  a  Free  Homestead  in 
Manitoba,  Saskatchewan  or  Al- 
1  berta,  or  purchase  land  in  one 
of  these  districts  and  bank  a 
profit  of  $10.00  or  $18.00 
I  an  acre  every  year. 

J  Land  purchased  three  years 
lagoatSlO.OO  an  acre  has  recently 
|  changed  hands  at  S'35.00  an  acre. 
|The  crops  grown  on  these  lands 
v  CiW^ll  sfiiSH  wur rant  the  advance.  You  can 

Become  Rich 

by  cattle  raising,  dairying,  mixed  farm- 
irig  and  grain  growing  in  the  prov¬ 
inces  of  Manitoba,  Saskatchewan 
and  Alberta  in  Western  Canada. 

Free  homestead  and  pre-emption 
areas,  as  well  as  land  held  by  railway 
and  land  companies,  will  provide 
homes  for  millions. 

Adaptable  soil,  healthful  climate, 
splendid  schools  and  churches  and 
good  railways. 

For  settlers’  rates,  descriptive  litera¬ 
ture  "Last  Best  West.”  how  to  reach 
the  country  and  other  particulars,  write 
to  Sup’t  of  Immigration,  Ottawa,  Can¬ 
ada,  or  to  the  Canadian  Gov’t  Agent. 
Supt.  of  Immigration,  Ottawa,  Canada,  or 
Canadian  Government  Agent.  30  Syracuse 
Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

(63) 


HOUSEWORK  HALVED 

By  Syracuse  “EASY”  Utilities 

SOLD  ON  TRIAL 

Syracuse  “  F.ASY  ”  Vacuum  Washer  cleans  completely  a  tubful  of  clothes,  coarse 
or  delicate,  in  10  minutes  of  easy  effort.  Heat  water  right  in  rust-proof  steel  tub.  No 
swinging  of  clothes  or  water.  Works  like  a  cistern  pump.  Sold  on  30  days  trial. 

Syracuse  “EASY”  Vacuum  Cleaner,  hand  or  electric,  most  satisfactory 
on  market.  Gets  all  the  dirt  without  raising  dust.  Easy  to  oi>erate.  Very 
durable  and  efficient.  Send  for  free  booklet  and  Trial  Order  Form. 

DODGE  &  ZUILL,  224C  Dillaye  Bldg.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


33HEES2-I 


You  can  buy  fertilo  farms  with  timber,  fruit  and  water  for  *10.00  per  acre 
-  and  uPr  Annual  Rainfall  45  inches.  Splendid  country  f»  • 
fruit  growing,  dairying*  stock  raising  and  general  fariiiinff* 

Fine  climate,  abundant  water,  convenient  Eastern  markets,  excellent^ schools,  good 
neighbors.  Write  for  our  illustrated  Quarterly,  maps,  Homeseokcr  s  Excursion 
rates  and  other  information.  They  tell  WHY  Vtrg.n.a  land  is  so  low  in  price. 

F.  H.  LaBaume.  Agr.  &  In  J.  Agf.,  Norlolk  &  Western  Ry.  Box,  2047,  Roanoke,  Va 


AND  UP 
PER  ACRE 


NOW 


BUT  PRICE 
RAPIDLY  ADVANCING 


OICE  VIRGINIA  FARM 

Along  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railway  as  low  as  $15.00  per  acre.  Rich 

soil  mild  winters,  nearby  eastern  markets.  Exceptional  kruit  Growing  rosst. 
hilities  Write  for  illustrated  booklet  of  farms  for  sale  “COUN¬ 
TRY  LIFE  IN  VIRGINIA”  (100  pages)  and  low  excursion  rates 

address  IV.  T.  CRAWLEY,  Industrial  Act. 

C.  &  O.  RY..  BOX  Z  RICHMOND,  VA. 


11*11. 


the  E  i; E  A  NEW-YORKER 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  pattern  and  measurement  de¬ 
sired. 

The  house  coat  is  one  of  the  com¬ 
forts  that  every  man  likes  to  include  in 
his  wardrobe.  This  one  can  quite  read¬ 
ily  and  successfully  be  made  at  home. 
The  coat  is  made  with  fronts  and  back. 
Patch  pockets  are  arranged  over  the 


6861  Men’s  House  Coat.  34  to  44  breast. 

fronts  and  rolled-over  collar  finishes 
the  neck.  The  sleeves  are  of  the  two- 
piece  sort,  finished  with  cuffs.  The 
edge  can  be  finished  with  cord,  as  in 
this  instance,  or  left  plain  or  treated 
in  any  way  to  suit  the  fancy.  The  quan¬ 
tity  of  material  required  for  the  medium 
size  will  be  4*4  yards  27,  2V%  yards  44 
or  2  yards  52  inches  wide  with  7  yards 
of  cord  to  trim  as  illustrated.  The 
pattern  No.  6861  is  cut  in  sizes  for  men 
of  34,  36,  38,  40,  q2  and  44  inch  breast 
measure;  price  10  cents. 

The  smaller  cuts  include  6825,  tucked 
waist  with  or  without  fitted  lining;  34 
to  42  bust;  4/  yards  of  material  21  or 
24  inches  wide,  2*4  yards  36,  2  yards  44 
for  medium  size.  6841,  girl’s  bertha 
dress;  4,  6  and  8  years;  4^4  yards  of 
material  24  or  27  inches  wide,  3  yards 
36,  2)4  yards  44,  with  *4  yard  18  inch 


wide  for  yoke,  4*4  yards  of  banding  and 
3*4  yards  of  ruffling  for  medium  size. 
6844,  bath  robe  perforated  for  shorter 
length.  Small  34  or  36,  medium  38  or 
40,  large  42  or  44  bust.  7*4  yards  of 
material  27  inches  wide,  4)4  yards  44, 
4  yards  52,  with  34  yard  of  silk  for 
trimming,  for  medium  size.  6203,  men’s 
night  shirt;  34  to  44  breast;  6*4  yards 
of  material  27  inches  wide,  4*4  yards  36 
inches  wide  for  medium  size.  6828,  six- 
gored  skirt;  24  to  32  waist;  6%  yards 
of  material  24  or  27  inches  wide,  3 
yards  44  or  52,  width  of  skirt  at  lower 
edge  1)4  yards  when  plaited,  for 
medium  size. 


Obedience  is  not  truly  performed  by 
the  body  of  him  whose  heart  is  dissatis¬ 
fied. — Saadi. 


More  About  Samp. 

I  read  a  communication  from  Albert 
Neilson,  page  1013,  asking  why  grits  or 
hominy  is  called  in  this  section  samp. 
This  question  I  cannot  answer,  but  I 
agree  with  him  when  he  says  that  most 
of  the  cornmeal  sold  is  only  fit  for 
cows.  But  when  he  says  that  corn 
should  be  kept  and  dried  a  year  before 
being  ground  or  cracked  into  samp  or 
hominy,  I  beg  to  differ  with  him.  When 
I  was  a  small  boy  my  father  always 
picked  out  the  best  ears  of  yellow  corn 
in  early  Fall,  and  shelled  it  before  it 
became  dry,  and  it  was  hard  work  to 
shell  it  too.  He  then  took  it  to  the 
mill  and  had  it  cracked  or  coarsely 
ground  while  it  had  that  new  fresh 
flavor,  which  old  corn  can  never  have 
afterward.  My  mother  used  to  spread 
it  on  a  cotton  sheet  and  stir  it  often, 
so  that  it  would  not  become  heated  un¬ 
til  it  was  used  up.  If  Mr.  Neilson  will 
try  one  grist  of  this  at  home  done  in 
this  way,  he  will  not  be  sending  to 
Maryland  for  his  fodder  any  more. 

_  E.  A.  S. 

A  Batch  of  Griddle  Cakes. 

Hominy  Fritters. — Reduce  to  a  smooth 
paste  a  pint  of  cold  boiled  hominy  and 
a  tablespoon ful  of  melted  butter.  Add 
three  well  beaten  eggs.  Then  stir  in  a 
cupful  of  flour  that  has  been  sifted  with 
a  teaspoon  ful  of  baking  powder  and  thin 
with  milk.  The  batter  should  drop,  not 
run,  from  the  end  of  a  spoon.  Drop  by 
the  spoonful  into  hot  fat.  Serve  with 
maple  syrup. 

Rye  Pancakes. — Make  a  batter  of  one- 
half  pint  of  milk,  one,  egg,  a  saltspoon 
of  salt,  one  teaspoon  of  baking  powder, 
and  flour  enough  to  make  a  rather  thick 
batter.  Sour  milk  and  soda  is  better. 
Beat  it  well,  drop  it  with  spoon  into  hot 
fat,  and  fry.  These  were  usually  eaten 
with  sugar,  cider  or  lemon  juice. 

Hygienic  Pancakes. — Beat  three  eggs 
very  light,  add  a  teaspoonful  of  salt,  four 
sifted  shredded  wheat  biscuits  and  one 
cupful  of  whole  wheat  flour;  mix  thor¬ 
oughly  and  add  one  pint  and  a  half  of 
milk,  a  little  at  a  time.  Beat  well,  bake 
on  a  hot  griddle  and  serve  with  maple 
syrup. 

Rice  Cakes. — Beat  three  eggs  very 
light,  adding  (keep  beating)  a  cup  of 
cold  boiled  rice.  When  thoroughly 
blended  add  three  or  four  tablespoons  of 
cream  or  rich  milk,  a  pinch  of  salt,  a 
spoonful  of  melted  butter  and  just 
enough  flour  to  hold  it  together.  Make 
any  fritter  stiff  with  flour  and  it  is 
ruined.  Drop  in  spoonfuls  in  smoking 
hot  butter. 

Raised  Buckwheat  Cakes. — Sift  to¬ 
gether  four  cups  of  buckwheat  and  one 
small  cup  of  cornmeal.  Dissolve  one 
yeast  cake  in  half  a  cup  of  water.  Then, 
after  warming  the  flour,  mix  into  it  the 
yeast  and  four  cups  of  warm  water.  Beat 
thoroughly,  adding  salt,  and  set  it  to 
rise  in  a  warm  place  near  the  stove  on 
cold  nights.  In  the  morning  beat  it  up 
and  add  a  teaspoonful  of  soda  dissolved 
in  a  little  milk.  Have  the  griddle  hot, 
and  fry  the  cakes  a  golden  brown.  It 
can  be  renewed  indefinitely  by  simply 
pouring  cold  water  over  the  batter  that 
is  on  hand  after  breakfast.  When  cakes 
are  needed  a  second  time,  pour  off  the 
cold  water  (the  batter  will  have  sunk 
to  the  bottom  of  the  crock)  and  add  the 
same  proportions  of  buckwheat  and  corn¬ 
meal  that  you  did  in  starting  the  batter. 
Let  it  rise  again  overnight,  adding  the 
soda  next  day.  When  breakfast  is  over 
cover  with  cold  water  again.  Buckwheat 
cakes  are  always  better  for  being  raised 
with  yeast,  as  the  flour  is  naturally 
heavy. 


GIRLHOOD 

AND 

Scott’s  Emulsion 


are  linked  together.  The 
reason  is  that  at  a  period 
when  a  girl’s  digestion  is 
weak 

Scott's  Emulsion 

provides  her  with  powerful 
nourishment  in  easily  di¬ 
gested  form. 

It’s  the  food  that  builds 
and  keeps  up  a  girl’s 
strength. 


15 


SPEAR  Will  Trust  You 
Wherever  You  Live— Write 
.  For  His  Free  Catalog 


A  Personal 
Word 

The  rich  and 
prosperous  class 
can  always  com¬ 
mand  the  lux¬ 
uries  of  life,  but 
the  average 
home  lover  needs 
the  Spear  System 
of  Credit  to  the 
Nation.  I  want 
1,000,000  families 
to  say  of  me:— 
He  helped  us 
to  furnish  and 
beautify  our 
homes.”  I  ask 
for  no  higher  tri¬ 
bute  to  my  life’s 
work.  Write  for 
my  Free  Catalog. 


Spear 

of 

Pittsburg 


NO  matter  where  you  liye,  yon  can  buy  everything  needed 
for  the  home  from  us  on  credit  and  on  easy  payments 
to  suit  your  convenience.  All  you  need  to  do  is  to  mail 
us  your  name  and  address  and  we  will  at  once  send  you, 
free,  our  Mammoth  Home  Furnishing  Catalog,  con¬ 
taining  illustrations  from  photographs  and  full  des¬ 
criptions  of  thousands  of  articles  in  Furniture,  Bugs, 
Carpets  and  Homo  Furnishings  sold  by  us  on  long  time, 
open  account,  easy  credit  terms. 

Credit  Buying  Made  Easy 

With  the  aid  of  this  Big  Bargain  Catalog,  you  can  select 
anyttnngyou  want—  Fumlture,Carpe«s,  Rugs,  Stoves,  Ranges, 
Refrigerators,  Sewing  Machines,  Baby  Carriagea,  Go-Carts, 
Silverware,  Dishes,  Phonographs,  Washing  Machines,  Clocks, 
etc.,  —  to  a  greater  advantage  than  if  you  were  to  visit 
personally  even  the  largest  city  stores;  because  wo  offer 
you  not  only  a  vastly  larger' and  better  stock  to  choose 
from,  but  your  selections  are  made  at  homo  after  consult¬ 
ing  your  family  and  without  suggestions  from  clerks  who 
may  seek  to  influence  you. 

Pay  When  Convenient 

Tour  credit  is  good  with  us.  Why  not  use  It? 

Under  onr  liberal,  open  account,  easy  payment  plan 
you  can  have  every  possible  advantage  in  buying  for 
your  home  possessed  by  the  most  favored  and  well- 
to-do-shopper  in  the  city  stores.  Our  credit  sys¬ 
tem  is  extended  to  honestpeople,  everywhere,  re¬ 
gardless  of  their  Income.  You  need  not  deny  your¬ 
self  any  article  of  household  comfort  or  luxury  on 
account  of  a  lack  of  ready  cash.  Select  what  you 
want  from  onr  Catalog,  pay  a  little  cash  down  and 
a  little  each  month. 


Plymouth  Range 

$3.75  Down 

The  rang.  that  ha*  earned 
such  a  sensation  and  cre¬ 
ated  so  much  talk. 


Our  Prices  Are  The  Lowest 

While  onr  credit  terms  are  the  most  liberal  in  the 
country,  yet  our  prices  aro  the  lowest. 
This  is  because  of  our  immonso  purchas¬ 
ing  power  and  enormous  volume  of  sales. 
Wo  buy  goods  in  such  vast  quantities 
that  we  secure  better  prices  than  would 
be  possible  to  smaller  concerns,  and 
by  extending  our  business  to  tens  of 
thousands  of  customers  all  over  the 
country,  we  can  afford  to  accent  just 


country,  we  can  anora  to  accept  just 
one  small  added  profit  from  each  sale. 
Wo  allow  no  store  or  factory  on  earth 
to  undersell  us.  Get  our  prices  and 
bo  your  own  judge  of  whether  or  not  wa 
save  you  from  20  to  30  per  cent  oa  your 
home  furnishings. 


Only  S2.2S  Down  and 
9  1 .00  Par  Month 


Bruasals  Rugs, 
9x  12-SI  1.8S 
and  up 


Price  $4.95 

Terms  75c  Cash 
With  Order 

Balance  50c  Payable  Monthly 

SPEAR  &  COMPANY,  Department  19MM  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Take  A  Month  To  Decide 

Anything  you  select  from 
our  Bargain  Catalog  will 
be  shipped  on  approvaL 
Keep  the  goods  30  days, 
then  decide  to  buy  or  re¬ 
turn  at  ourexpense.  Ifyou 
aro  not  fully  satisfied,  the 
goods  may  be  shipped  back 
to  us  at  our  exponso  and  your 
first  payment  and  freight 
charges  refunded  you. 

Big  Rocker  Bargain 

A  large,  comfortable,  solid  oak 
Rocker  with  high,  wide  back,  fully 
tufted  and  buttoned  with  heavy 
ruffled  edge.  Seat  is  large  and 
roomy, upholstered  with  high-grade 
black  Sylvan  leather  over  full  steel 
spring  construction,  and  has  a  beautifully  ruf¬ 
fled  edge  to  match  back.  Construction  is  solid 
golden  oak  throughout,  with  high  gloss  golden 
finish.  Arms  are  wide,  front  posts  of  handsome 
design.  Satisfaction  guaranteed  or  money  back. 

Write  For  Free  Catalog  Today 


Ann  Arbor  Lighting 
Systems  are  brighter 
than  gas,  steadier  and  clearer  thao 
electric  light,  and  cost  about  one- 
tenth  as  much  to  operate.  Each 
lamp  gives  300  to  500  candle  power 
for  less  than  %  cent  per  hour.  Fuel 
ii  gasoline;  perfectly  safe. 

We  make  Complete  Light* 
Inf  System  for  Homes, 
Churches,  Stores,  Etc. 

Price  $10  up,  according  to  number 
of  lamps  desired.  We  make  inverted 
arcs  especially  adapted  for  use  in 
stores,  halls,  factories,  etc. 

\VE  W ANT  who  will  push  our 
AGENTS  line.  Special  terms 
to  those  who  Write  early.  Catalog 
and  prices  on  request 

superior  npa.  co. 

3flb  Second  St.,  Ana  Arbor,  Mich. 


Electric  Lights  make  the  brightest,  safest, 
cleanest  and  most  reliable  lighting  system 
known  for  farms  and  country  homes.  The 
Dayton  Electric  Lighting  Outfits  are  low  in 
cost,  easy  to  install,  cost  almost  nothing  to 
operate.  Give  you  better  lights  than  most  city 
people  enjoy.  Write  today  fot  complete  illus¬ 
trated  catalog  showing  outfits,  fixtures,  etc. 

DAYTON  ELECTRICAL  MFG.  CO. 
231  St.  Clair  Street  Dayton,  Ohio 


BROWN’S 

Bronchial  Troches 

are  prepm-ed  in  convenient  form  of  simple 
medicinal  substances,  most  beneficial  in  the 
treatment  of  throat  affections.  Free  from 
opiates  or  other  harmful  ingredients. 

Price,  25c,  50c  and  $1.00.  Sample  free 
John  I.  Brown  &  Son  Boston,  Mas*. 


The  Corn  Belt”  All-Rubber  Arctic 


Bears  the  famous  Beacon  Falls  Cross,  a  guarantee  of  quality, 
reliability  and  independence  from  any  trust. 

Made  entirely  of  Fine  Rubber— no  cloth  used  for  the  uppers. 

A  perfect  snow-excluder.  Keeps  the  feet  warm  and  dry  in 
any  weather  and  absolutely  waterproof  and  dampproof  from 
top  to  bottom. 

Good  rubbers  can’t  be  made  of  poor  material,  but  lots  of  good 
material  is  spoiled  by  poor  construction.  “Corn  Belt’’  All-Rub¬ 
ber  Arctics  were  not  built  on  the  spur  of  the  moment — they 
represent  years  of  careful  study  as  to  the  needs  of  the  wearer. 
Reinforced  where  most  needed.  See  the  famous  Samson 
Extension  Heel,  and  the  “Armor-plated”  toe  cap. 

The  fact  that  it  is  absolutely  waterproof  and  that 
mud  and  barnyard  filth  can  be  washed  off'  makes  it, 
particularly  appropriate  for  use  about  the  farm. 

ASK  FOR  THE  "CORN  BELT”  ALL-RUBBER  ARCTIC 
LOOK  FOR  THE  CROSS 

When  you  want  rubber  boots  or  shoes  of  any  kind 
ask  for  the  Beacon  Falls  line.  You  will  be  sure  of  good 
value  and  satisfactory  service. 

If  you  cannot  buy  Beacon  Falls  Arctics  of  your  dealer,  send  usj 
his  name.  We  will  see  that  you  are  supplied. 

Write  for  illustrated  booklet,  describ- 
Beacon  Falls  rubber  footwear. 


The  Beacon  Falls 
Rubber  Shoe  Co. 

Chicago. 

Trade  Mark 

New  York,  Boston.  Loek  ior  the  Cross. 


Beacon  Falls 

ifio^ 

Co. 


THE  RURAL  NEW  -YORKER 


January  7, 


ie 

Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

STOCK  SHEDS  OF  STRAW. 

The  recent  days  of  stormy  zero 
weather  and  a  searching  wind  and  snow 
have  induced  me  to  tell  R.  N.-Y.  readers 
how  we  have  converted  straw  stacks 
into  comfortable  quarters  for  stock  that 
has  the  run  of  barnyard  more  or  less 
during  the  Winter.  Especially  does  this 
apply  to  the  work  horses  that  are  often 
said  to  have  been  turned  to  the  straw 
stack,  and  which  affords  about  their  only 
protection  during  severe  Winter  weather. 
That  horses  or  other  live  stock  thus  ex¬ 
posed  to  the  elements  will  survive  and 
perhaps  do  fairly  well  during  our  long 
and  severe  Winters,  even  under  such  con¬ 
ditions,  may  be  quite  possible,  but  it  is 
well  understood  that  such  result  are  at¬ 
tained  only  by  the  increased  amount  of 
food  required.  While  considering  the 
matter  from  this  standpoint  we  (though 
my  son  deserves  most  of  the  credit)  de¬ 
cided  to  utilize  our  straw  stack,  not  only 
to  serve  as  a  wind-break,  but  as  a  means 
of  warmth  and  comfort  to  our  faithful 
co-workers  and  dependents  on  the  farm. 
To  this  end  we  ^  improved  the  oppor¬ 
tunity  before  the 'season's  thrashing  of 
grain  to  construct  on  a  portion  of  the 
ground  to  be  occupied  by  the  stock  a 
cheap  framework  about  8  feet  high  by 
18  feet  long  and  14  feet  wide.  For  sup¬ 
ports  two  rows  of  posts  were  set  in  the 
ground  four  feet  apart,  with  timbers  ex¬ 
tending  across  the  posts  on  either  side  ;  on 
these  poles,  rails,  etc.,  were  used  to  com¬ 
pose  the  roofing.  The  open  end,  for  best 
results,  should  border  either  the  east 
or  south  portions  of  the  stack,  the  south 
preferred,  for  securing  the  warm  rays  of 
the  sun ;  the  sides  and  end  of  the  same 
can  be  loosely  constructed  of  refuse 
boards,  etc.  At  thrashing  time  the  whole 
arrangement  is  to  be  covered  and  serve 
as  a  portion  of  the  foundation  of  the 
stack.  As  the  straw  is  used  during  the 
Winter,  all  that  over  the  structure  should 
remain  to  be  used  last. 

It  was  a  great  satisfaction  to  observe 
during  the  recent  extremely  cold  and 
windy  weather  how  readily  the  horses 
availed  theselves  of  the  warm,  com¬ 
fortable  quarters  that  awaited  them,  even 
in  preference  to  that  comprising  part  of 
our  farm  buildings.  And  when  we  re¬ 
alize  that  the  thousands  of  straw  stacks 
here  in  Western  New  York  only  could 
be  converted  into  a  medium  of  comfort 
and  protection  to  our  dumb  animals  with 
comparatively  little  expense,  should  we 
not  avail  ourselves  of  this  privilege,  even 
from  a  humanitarian  standpoint,  aside 
from  the  source  of  pecuniary  advantage 
that  will  surely  follow? 

Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y.  irving  d.  cook. 

A  WOMAN’S  HEN  BUSINESS. 

On  page  1120  a  Massachusetts  woman 
sent  us  this  little  note: 

Suppose  you  knew  nothing  and  were  go¬ 
ing  on  to  a  farm  April  1.  You  had  land 
for  a  vegetable  garden  and  liens.  "What 
would  you  do  in  New  Hampshire?  Would 
you  buy  10-day-old  chicks  and  raise  broilers 
for  the  fashionable  market  nearby?  I  wish 
your  various  people  would  tell  me  how 
they  would  go  to  work  to  get  a  living  un¬ 
der'  the  above  circumstances?  •  e.  h. 

Some  of  our  people  tried  to  help,  but 
this  woman  did  not  wait  for  them,  but 
started  out  herself  to  learn  in  the  old- 
fashioned  way.  She  has  now  agreed  to 
give  us  a  fair  statement  of  her  hen  busi¬ 
ness,  and  we  print  below  the  first  in¬ 
stallment.  We  hope  she  will  carry  the 
plan  through  and  let  us  know  exactly 
how  it  comes  out.  In  these  days  of 
“systems”  and  big  hen  stories  a  dry 
mash  of  the  pure,  cold  truth  will  bal¬ 
ance  the  ration  and  do  us  all  good. 
Bear  in  mind  that  this  woman  is  not 
to  tell  others  how  to  do  it.  but  rather 
how  she  does  it  or  doesn’t  do  it.  No 
one  that  we  ever  heard  of  has  started 
the  poultry  business4  in  just  this  way. 

The  First  Statement. 

I  wrote  you  asking  you  how  to  begin  a 
paying  poultry  business  in  April.  I  have 
been  appreciative  of  your  efforts  to  get 
an  answer.  I  saw  for  myself  after  a 
time  what  the  answer  of  the  poultry- 
man  says — that  buying  10-day-old  chicks 
lacked  background;  that  hens  and  eggs 
were  needed.  Just  then  I.  was  offered 
for  a  few  months  a  farm  in  Massachu¬ 
setts,  rent  free,  brooder  houses,  incu¬ 
bators  and  all,  if  I  would  buy  the  re¬ 
maining  154  birds  that  had  not  been 
sold  from  a  flock  of  900.  I  bought  this 
clean,  healthy  stock  for  $1  a  bird,  and 
here  I  am !  Now  note :  I  have  no 
rent;  I  have  henhouses  to  hand;  I  have 
two  men,  one  the  man  who  has.  lived 
on  the  place  and  wants  a  home  with  me 
till  April,  and  one  other  man,  very  in¬ 
telligent  and  industrious,  but  out  of 
health,  and  so  about  to  take  up  an  out¬ 
door  life.  They  do  the  work  and  I  do 
the  cooking.  In  other  words,  I  have  not 
one  cent  to  pay  for  labor.  I  say  all 
this  for  the  reason  that  I  want  to  make 


it  clear  that  here  is  a  person  starting  ’ 
in  on  the  poultry  business  under  the 
most  favorable  circumstances.  I  want 
to  send  you  monthly  our  assets  and 
liabilities.  I  mean  if  we  do  not  make 
money  it  means  either  that  we  are  stupid 
or  that  there  is  not  money  in  poultry. 

Here  is  just  where  we  stand  now: 
On  December  5  out  of  154  birds  we  got 
five  eggs;  the  layers  had  been  sold,  we 
had  the  moulters.  I  was  told  that  one 
should  be  getting  one-third  as  many 
eggs  as  one  had  hens.  That  meant  about 
45  a  day.  Five  was  a  shock.  We  ad¬ 
ministered  beef  scraps,  cabbage  and  cut 
clover.  By  December  21  we  had.  30 
eggs  a  day.  We  reckon  that  our  birds 
eat  five  dollars  a  week.  In  our  first 
week  we  took  in  $1.80  for  eggs— we 
were  all  liabilities  and  no  assets.  Our 
second  week  showed  assets.  We  paid 
for  the  grain  and  also  for  $2  worth  of 
sand  and  had  $2.01  left  over  towards 
feeding  ourselves.  This  coming  week 
we  shall  sell  all  our  eggs  at  60  cents  a 
dozen,  and  probably  make  $5  to  the 
good.  This  sounds  promising,  but  it  is 
not  so  fair  as  it  sounds.  We  get  60 
cents  at  the  door  for  eggs,  but  because 
we  do  that  we  have  to  pay  high  for  what 
we  buy  ourselves  (90  cents  a  bushel 
for  potatoes).  To  live  costjs  us  $20  a 
week,  I  fear.  I  do  not  see  our  hens 
really  supporting  us,  but  I  see  that  had 
we  10  times  as  many  they  might — they 
might  for  the  moment.  There’s  the 
rub !  In  January  all  will  be  well,  but 
in  February  we  have  to  put  our  eggs 
into  the  incubators.  To  get  500  pullets 
grown  up  we  have  to  use  2500  eggs. 
This  wipes  out  all  January  profits;  we 
shall  need  every  cent  and  more  to  feed 
our  birds  while  we  are  incubating  their 
eggs.  In  May  I  fancy  we  can  begin 
to  sell  eggs  again,  and  in  June  begin 
on  selling  off  the  cockerels  as  broilers. 
But  I  cannot  see  the  eggs  of  May,  June 
and  so  on  and  the  cockerels  of  June 
and  July  doing  much  more  than,  carry 
our  500  chicks.  In  short,  it  is  nip  and 
tuck,  a  toss  up,  whether  if  we  took  the 
poultryman’s  advice  and  sold  •  off  our 
hens  in  September  for  $1  a  bird  we 
should  come  up  asset  or  liability.  I 
fancy  it  would  be  about  even,  and  here 
we  are  without  rent,  or  wages  for  labor. 
However,  I  hope  I  am  wrong.  I  will 
let  vou  know  how  we  come  out.  e.  h. 


JlO_;-CeA, 


DAILY 

OUTPUT 

18,000 

BBLS 


YEARLY 

OUTPUT 

OVER 

6,500,000 


ALPHA 

PORTLAND  DEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


Da wm 

ReduceThat  Feed  Bill 

Increase  your  milk  supply  at  the 
same  time  by  feeding  Dried  Brewers 
Grains  and  Malt  Sprouts.  Send  for 
our  valuable  descriptive  booklet  on 
Points  for  Stock  Feeders. 

Farmers  Feed  Co., 

76th  St.  East  River,  New  York  City. 


PE 


C 


EBONS 


CATTLE 


Reg.  Holstein  Male  Calves 

$20.00  TO  $25.00 

CHEAPER  than  yon  can  purchase  elsewhere, 
quality  considered.  Write  for  photographs 
and  particulars.  We  also  offer  special  bargains 
in  cows  bred  to  our  great  King  Segis  Beets 
Korndyke.  Address, 

HILLHURST  FARM,  Rivenhurgh  Bros.,  Munnsville,  N.  Y. 


ttft  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
•  A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somerville,  N.  J. 


ONTARIO  VAN  FRIESLAND  DE  KOL 

BUHL  CALF,  three  months  old;  sire,  America 
DeKol  Burke;  dam,  Woodcrest  Van  Friesland, 
over  21  pounds.  Price,  $75  crated  f.  o.«b. 
Charlotte.  Send  for  details. 

CLOVER DALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

C,  S.  Lunt,  Owner  John  J.  Eden,  Manager 


ERGHERON 

STALLIONS  JUS  HARES 

Imported  and  home-bred.  The  best  lot  ever 
shown  in  this  country.  Quality,  price,  guarantee  right. 
For  30  years  an  importer  and  breeder  of  prize  winners. 

El.  WOOD  S.  AKIN 
170  South  Street,  Auburn,  N.  Y. 

MPercheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 

at  farmers’  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  <).  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penna.  R.It.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O. 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated.  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEI N-FRI  ESI  A  N  ASSN  OF  AMERICA 
F.  L.  HOUGHTON,  SEC’Y.  BOX  1 0S,  BRATTLEBORO.VT. 

knyo°w  dtVa°t  Fern’s  Jubilee  No.  73852 

A.  J.  C.  C.,  is  one  of  the  best  “butter  bred"  hulls 
in  the  world,  investigate.  Then  order  one  of  his 
young  sons  before  it  is  too  late.  Nothing  over  three 
months  old  on  hand  at  present.  Address 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Laurel  Farm,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 


E 


JS  X3C  El  3EJ 


3 


Woodland  Dorsets 

Woodland  Dorsets  have  been  sold  into  practically 
every  State  in  the  Union,  and  are  giving  satisfac 
tion.  I  can  spare  fifty  head  of  splendid  ewes,  all 
of  them  bred  to  a  very  flue  ram. 

CHAS.  B.  WING,  Mechantcsburg,  Ohio. 

CUDflDCUIDEQ-100  YearlinS  ewes;  40 
Oil nUr  OnlriCO  yearling  rams.  Price  and 
breeding  right.  FRED  VAN  VLEET,  LODI,  N.Y. 


JERSEYS 


-Combination  and  Golden  Lad;  for 
sale,  1  cow,  8  heifers,  G  bulls. 

S.  E.  NIVIN,  Landenburg,  Pa. 


Breed  Up-Not  Down1£rc.ThST 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  K.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


GALLOWAY  CATTLE— Showed  at  five  fairs  this  fall 
and  drew  $540  in  cash.  All  ages  for  sale. 
JOHN  CHAMBERLIN  &  SON,  Flat  Rock,  Mich. 


R 


EADY  FOR  IMMEDIATE  SHIPMENT; 

2  mos.  to  2  yrs.  old,  Lincoln  Lucks  1  to  3  yrs.  old.  Lincoln, 
Hampshire  and  Shropshire  Down  Lambs  both  sexes.  Send 
2-cent  stamp  for  circular.  Come  see  my  stock  and  make 
your  own  selections.  Edward  Walter,  West  Chenier,  Pa, 

Cop  QoIq— 1)0111)10  Standard  Polled  Durham  Bull 
r U 1  OdlG  Calf;  price  reasonable.  For  particu¬ 
lars  address  E.  B.  CLKVENGEK.  Clearbrook,  Va. 


JS  ■\7£7‘  I  UMT  33 


Dlbs-9Tfoirfhs 


s -X7V  i  nsr  e 


Jersey  Reds  fatten  easily  &  quickly. 

Small-boned,  loug-bodied,  vigorous 
&  prolific.  Meat  unsurpassed.  Have 
some  choice  offerings  now.  Write 
for  catalog  and  prices.  Artuub  J. 
COL.1.1K8,  Box  It,  Moorentown.N.J. 


miDflPC  the  BIG’ I)EEP  fellows 

UUnllUO  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 

SOMETHING  NICE—  Duroc  Jersey  Swine,  Partriige 
and  Golden  Rock  Chickens,  Bourbon  Red 
Turkeys.  Embden  Geese,  Crested  White  Ducks. 

_ ' _ J.  H.  LEWIS,  R.  No.  2,  Cadiz,  Ohio. 

CHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
O  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNES,  Oxford,  N.  Y. 

nuccu  IRCC— TH15  WHITE,  BACON  HOG, 

unLonltlLO  Long-bodied,  Square-built,  good 


LARGE  BERKSHIRES 

Sows  bred  for  spring  farrow.  August  and 
September  pigs  from  litters  averaging  ten. 

.  .  .  Catalogue  on  application  .  .  . 

WILLOUGHBY  FARM,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 


_  _  _ _  profitable. 

MORNINGSIDE  FARM,  Sylvania,  Pa. 

A  BERKSHIRE  OR  DUROC  PTG  given  for  a 
x*.  few  hours  of  your  time.  Stamp  for  particulars. 
PEXNA.  BERKSHIRE  OCX,  Fannettsburg,  Pa, 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

...  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


For  Sale 

4  REGISTERED  CHESTER  WHITE  GILTS 

Old  enough  to  breed  in  January  for  May  Pigs 
Price  $io  each  f.  o.  b.  Scio,  N.  Y. 

EUGENE  T.  BLACK,  SCIO,  N.  Y. 


Reg.  P.  Chinas,  Berkshires,  C.  Whites. 

Fine,  large  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 

_  _  Pups,  Beagles  and  Poultry.  Write  for 

prices  &  circulars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Middletown,  Pa 

I  ARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD-m 

L/  each  ot  tliv  last  three  volumes  of  American  Berkshire  Kecoi  d 
we  gold  and  registered  more  Berkshires  Ilian  any  other  breeder 
In  the  United  States.  The  large  proportion  went  to  old  custom¬ 
ers.  This  speaks  for  Itself,  11.0.  &  II. B.  Harpending,  Dundee,  N.V. 

SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.  ?;',,  8£j 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Proprietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


Farm  Help  If  pays 


The  only  help  you  can  rely  on 
today  is  mechanical  help.  The 
Farmers’  Favorite  Feed  Cooker 
and  Boiler  is  the  best  help  ever 
put  on  a  farm.  Cooks  stock  and 
poultry  feed,  sterilizes  milk  cans, 
boils  sap,  cooks  scrapple,  renders 
lard  and  boils  spray  mixtures.  Send 
for  special  sale  list. 

LEWIS  MFC.  CO.,  Box  0,  Cortland,  K.Y. 


BERKSHIRE  BOAR  PIGS 

Eight  weeks  old.  $10.00.  “Polegate  Delarey.” 

A.  ROGERS,  Lambertville,  N.  J.,  Route  2 

IMillr  PrfwIlTCPPC  for  New  York  City  market 
1111m  rlUUliliCiS  desiring  information  how  to 

form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albbrt  Manning,  Olisville,  N.  Yr. 

KENTUCKY  MAMMOTH  JACKS,  JEN- 
NETS  and  SADDLE  HORSES. 

We  are  the  Largest  Breeders  in  America  of  Mam¬ 
moth  Jacks.  Hampshire  and  Tamworth  hogs.  Stock 
of  all  ages  for  sale.  J.  F.  COOK  &  CO.,  Lexington,  Ky. 

pni  I  IE  D||  DO— From  imported  stock.  Females 

UULLIC  I  U  id  cheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 

Fox,  Rabbit  and  Hound  Pups— Skunk  Dogs 

2-cent  stamp  for  reply.  P.  L.  Yarnell,  Sbreve,0. 

—GRAY  BELGIAN  HARES. 

Cos  Cob,  Conn. 


GREAT 


SALE 


NEW  YEAR’S 

AT  THE 

SHARON  VALLEY  STOCK  FARM,  NEWARK,  0. 

TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY,  JAN.  10  and  11, 1911 

This  Sale  will  consist  of 

250— Belgian,  Percheron  and  German  Coach 
stallion*  and  Mares— 250 
50  head  arrived  at  the  farm  last  March  ;  100  head  im¬ 
ported  in  August,  1910,  and  100  head  arrived  Dec.  12, 
1910.  These  mares  have  all  been  bred,  those  here  to 
my  best  stallions  and  the  last  lot  to  tlxe  choice  stallions 
of  Belgium  and  France,  the  majority  sure  in  foal.  The 
last  lot  are  principally  mares,  of  the  most  fashionable 
colors  and  quality  unexcelled.  A  large  majority  match 
perfectly;  ages  2  to  4  years;  all  purchased  by  myself, 
individually,  when  abroad  last  August.  Every  one  that 
expects  to  purchase  a  stallion  or  pair  of  mares  in  the 
near  future  should  not  fail  to  grasp  this  opportunity 
to  secure  them  at  prices  that  will  prove  money  makers 
to  the  purchaser.  Other  business  interests  compel  me 
to  reduce  my  stock  and  this  two  days  sale  will  furnish 
a  rare  chance  to  secure  the  best  stallions  and  mares  of 
the  world.  Also  40  head  of  fine  mules  will  be  offered 
for  sale.  Send  at  once  for  illustrated  catalogue.  Sale 
begins  at  10  o’clock  sharp  each  day.  Barn  eomfoitably 
heated  and  fitted  with  fine  lunch  stand. 

COL.  G.  W.  CRAWFORD,  Prop. 


rnn  CAT  "C— gray  belgi 
rUn  oALE  G.  E.GIESER, 


WITHOUT  MlLfT 

|  Write  for  Free  Booklet 

“ Howto  Raise  Calves  Cheaply  and  Successfully  Without  Milk 

Contains  full  information  and  complete  feeding  directions  for  using 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal— The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute 

Three  or  four  calves  can  he  raised  on  it  at  the  cost  of  one  where  milk  is  fed. 

Wo  mill  feed  The  only  calf  meal  manufactured  in  an  exclusive  Calf  Meal  Factory 
Established  at  Leicester,  England,  in  1800. 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory,  Waukegan,  Ill. 


1911. 

The  Henyard. 

Some  things  I  have  found  out  by  experi¬ 
ence.  You  cannot  feed  chickens  of  varying 
ages  together  with  much  profit.  The  old 
ones  trample  the  little  ones  to  death.  Old 
hens  and  pullets  do  better  separated.  As 
the  pullets  do  not  need  as  high  feeding 
until  nearing  time  to  lay,  each  breed  should 
be  kept  apart  from  another.  One  style  of 
feeding  does  not  do  for  Asiatics  and  Medi¬ 
terranean  poultry.  m.  b. 

Plump  Market  Fowls. — In  breeding 
fowls  for  market  individuals  should  be 
chosen  which  have  small  bones  and  plump¬ 
ness  as  a  first  consideration.  Shortness  of 
leg  and  neck  are  necessary ;  but  these  points 
usually  belong  to  the  plump  bird.  There  is 
more  from  breeding  from  good  individuals 
than  there  is  in  any  one  particular  breed. 
We  must  have  a  good  breed  of  course,  but 
its  improvement  depends  on  the  selection 
of  the  right  individuals  for  breeding  pen. 

Weedsport,  N.  Y.  b.  n.  h. 

Mustard  fob  Poultry. — The  foreign 
correspondent  of  the  New  York  Sun 
says  if  your  chickens  show  a  disinclination 
to  lay  give  them  mustard.  An  experiment 
has  been  made  in  Wales  that  proves  that 
this  condiment  acts  as  a  stimulant  to  hens. 
The  experiment  was  made  by  the  vice- 
president  of  the  English  Poultry  Club  and 
it  was  carried  on  for  one  year.  Buff  Or¬ 
pington  pullets  were  selected  for  the  test. 
The  birds  had  never  laid  eggs  and  were  as 
nearly  alike  as  possible.  Food  was  served 
to  six  birds  in  one  pen.  The  food  of  six 
birds  in  another  pen  had  mustard  added 
to  it.  At  the  end  of  six  months  the  birds 
fed  with  ordinary  food  had  laid  369  eggs, 
whereas  the  birds  fed  with  the  mustard 
addition  to  their  food  had  laid  532  eggs. 
At  the  end  of  the  year  the  birds  fed  on 
ordinary  food  had  laid  914  eggs,  as  against 
1,023  eggs  laid  by  the  mustard  fed  birds. 

Late  Hatching. — While  it  may  be  prac¬ 
tical  to  hatch  chicks  all  Summer,  we  do 
not  do  it,  nor  do  we  think  it  profitable  for 
us.  In  our  own  experience  of  over  16 
years  we  find  the  Leghorn  hatched  in  April 
to  be  the  most  profitable  for  eggs,  as  she 
commences  to  lay  in  September  and  will 
not  make  any  moult,  which  is  the  one  trou¬ 
ble  of  March-hatched  Leghorns.  May- 
hatched  chicks  will  make  good  Winter  lay¬ 
ers,  but  we  have  never  been  able  to  get 
good  birds  later  than  May.  The  reason  for 
this  may  be  owing  to  our  being  unable  to 
give  them  proper  care,  as  at  this  season  we 
are  rushed  with  our  work  with  fruit,  but 
whatever  the  cause  or  reason  is,  we  have 
never  succeeded  in  making  a  Summer- 
hatched  chicken  a  profitable  egg  machine. 

New  York.  FLOYD  q.  white. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


17 


Yellow  Clover  for  Poultry. 

Having  a  lot  of  yellow  clover  hay,  I 
would  like  to  know  how  good  it  is  to  feed 
to  laying  hens?  L.  G.  w.  r. 

Mongaup,  N.  Y. 

This  is  probably  Yellow  trefoil,  although 
there  are  several  kinds  of  yellow  clover. 
Yellow  trefoil  has  a  composition  a  little 
better  than  ordinary  clover,  but  not  equal 
to  Alfalfa.  G.  F.  w. 


Preserving  Fish  for  Poultry. 

I  am  located  near  a  river,  where  I  can 
get  a  lot  of  fish  for  my  poultry.  How  can 
I  preserve  the  fish  so  it  will  keep  any 
length  of  time?  c.  p.  a. 

Bournedale,  Mass. 

While  fresh  fish  makes  a  good  animal 
food  for  growing  chicks  and  laying  hens, 
It  is  not  suitable  for  feeding  market  poultry 
just  before  killing,  as  it  gives  the  meat  a 
“fishy”  flavor.  Although  I  have  never  seen 
fish  preserved  with  anything  except  salt, 
which  of  course  would  spoil  it  for  poultry 
food,  I  can  see  no  reason  why  it  could  not 
be  cooked,  dried  and  ground  the  same  as 
beef  scrap  is  prepared.  It  should  then  keep 
for  months.  c.  s.  g. 


Alfalfa  for  Hens. 

Will  you  tell  me  what  is  the  general 
opinion  of  Alfalfa  as  a  “green  food”  for 
laying  hens,  and  how  it  is  best  prepared  for 
that  purpose?  D.  F.  w. 

Newark,  N.  J. 

Alfalfa  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  best 
green  foods  for  laying  hens  that  we  have. 
Of  course  it  must  be  cut  at  the  proper  time 
and  cured  without  getting  wet,  or  its  value 
will  be  greatly  decreased.  It  may  be  cut 
or  ground  and  steamed  and  mixed  with  the 
noon-day  mash,  or  it  can  be  mixed  with  the 
dry  mash  and  fed  dry  in  hoppers.  It  Is 
Impossible  to  say  that  one  method  is  better 
than  the  other,  as  both  accomplish  the 
same  results,  so  it  is  largely  a  matter  of 
convenience  or  preference  which  method  is 
pursued.  c.  a.  G. 

Gapes  or  Pip. 

Give  me  a  cure  for  the  gapes  or  pip  in 
chickens.  I  have  lost  several  with  that 
disease,  and  there  seems  to  be  no  cure. 

New  York.  J.  z. 

Gapes  are  caused  by  worms  in  the 
chick’s  windpipe.  The  best  treatment  is 
prevention.  Ground  on  which  chickens 
suffering  with  gapes  have  ranged  becomes 
infected  and  should  not  be  used  in  suc¬ 
ceeding  years.  The  trouble  can  be  mini¬ 
mized  by  practicing  rigid  disinfection  and 
cleanliness  in  the  coops,  yards  and  eating 
places.  Feeding  strong  onions  or  garlic, 
chopped  and  mixed  with  other  food  and 
fed  before  the  worms  gain  a  foothold,  is 
beneficial  in  keeping  down  the  growth  and 
development  of  the  parasite.  Early  hatch¬ 
ing  also  is  advised.  Keeping  the  chicks  on 
a  board  floor — away  from  all  soil,  will 
prevent  the  trouble.  “Pip”  is  a  general 
name  applied  to  a  diseased  and  dried  con¬ 
dition  of  the  mouth.  The  common  treat¬ 
ment  of  tearing  off  the  dried  portion  of 
the  tongue  is  cruel  and  often  causes  death. 
Dr.  Salmon  recommends  a  wash  of  equal 
parts  of  glycerine  and  water,  with  15 
grains  of  boric  acid  to  the  ounce.  This 
will  loosen  the  hardened  tissues,  which 
may  then  be  carefully  removed. 

Turkeys  in  Washington 

On  page  1160  a  reader  in  Washington 
tells  of  his  success  in  raising  turkeys.  How 
did  he  do  it?  He  beats  us.  j‘.  h.  l. 

Regarding  those  turkeys  we  don’t  think 
that  we  did  anything  unusual.  I  have 
known  better  results  in  several  instances. 
•Not  perhaps  in  price,  but  surely  in  per¬ 
centage.  The  good  wife  gets  the  honors 
for  the  raising,  having  had  all  the  care 


of  the  little  ones  for  the  first  three 

months  or  more.  To  begin  with,  the 
poults  were  not  hatched  early  enough  to 
do  their  best  for  Thanksgiving,  the  first 
ones  only  coming  May  15.  For  the  first 
two  or  three  weeks  they  were  fed  hard- 

boiled  eggs  with  chopped  onion  and  grit, 
mixing  in  chick  food  part  of  the  time.  Be¬ 
tween  meals  finely  cut  Alfalfa  was  given 
freely,  this  brought  them  to  the  stage 
where  they  could  forage  for  themselves, 
getting  only  wheat  when  they  came  in 
at  night.  About  four  weeks  before  Thanks¬ 
giving  whole  corn  was  placed  where  they 
could  get  all  they  would  eat  to  finish  them 
off,  though  I  don’t  think  they  ate  more 

than  100  pounds.  We  give  most  of  the 
credit  to  the  dry,  warm  climate.  The 

gobbler  is  a  Bronze  with  three  Bronze  fe¬ 
males  and  two  cross-bred  ones. 

Pasco,  Wash.  r,.  a.  p. 


The  poultry  business  is  very  limited. 
Farmers  do  a  general  farm  business.  It  is 
very  hilly  in  this  locality,  and  land  is  not 
in  its  virgin  state,  we  lose  a  great  amount 
of  fertility  from  heavy  rain  causing  the  soil 
to  wash.  From  some  cause  the  fruit  busi¬ 
ness  has  not  been  a  success,  mostly  being 
killed  by  late  frosts.  In  former  years  a 
great  many  sheep  were  kept,  but  on  account 
of  low  price  of  wool  and  low  price  of  fat 
wethers  this  is  largely  dropped.  The  price 
paid  by  shippers  for  125-pound  wether  is 
$3.50  per  100,  and  lambs  $5  per  100.  Wool 
sold  at  23  and  24  cents.  I  am  past  66 
years  old,  and  40  years  ago  I  have  sold  fat 
sheep  of  less  weight  at  $5  per  100.  The 
high  cost  of  living  cannot  be  placed  to  the 
farmers’  account,  as  wages  are  high  for 
hired  help,  and  that  next  to  impossible  to 
secure.  It  seems  as  though  farm  work  is 
considered  degrading,  or  work  for  undesir¬ 
able  people  that  cannot  be  trusted.  When 
I  first  started  on  the  farm  to  do  for  myself 
in  1866  I  could  secure  good  help  which  took 
an  interest  in  the  work,  but  it  is  different 
now,  and  the  cost  of  production  is  increas¬ 
ing.  I  only  had  a  few  farming  tools  when 
I  commenced,  but  now  our  barn  and  sheds 
are  all  full  of  machinery,  and  repairs  are 
almost  out  of  the  question,  and  it  is  almost 
better  to  buy  a  new  machine.  w.  k.  g. 

Columbiana  Co.,  O. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  12. 


As  they  some¬ 
times  are. 


As  “  8AVF.-TIIF.-nOB8K" 

can  make  them. 


THIS  TELLS  THE  STORY 

Our  contract  takes  absol  utel  y  every  parti  cle  of  chance 
out  of  the  matter  so  far  as  the  user  is  concerned. 
This  is  no  “say  so”  or  “catch  the  unwary”  sort  of 
guarantee ;  it  isa  legal,  binding,  signed  agreement  to 
protect  purchaser.  Send  for  copy  and  absolute  proofs — 
results  —  truths  from  business  men,  bankers,  manu¬ 
facturers,  breeders,  and  horse  owners  the  world  over. 

15  YEARS’  SUCCESS.  On  any  and  every  case  the 
kinds  whore  all  other  methods  fail,  it  proves  to  have 
the  potential  properties  and  power  to  consummate  the 
desired  result.  Whether  an  old,  new  or  a  serious  com- 

Slicnted  case  considered  beyond  hope,  in  using  “Save- 
le-Horse  you  are  not  frittering  away  time  and  money. 

EXPERT  VETERINARY  ADVICE  ALWAYS  FREE. 

The  Citizens’  Bank  of  Atchison  Co.,  Rock  Port,  Mo.  —  I  have 
bought  several  bottles  of  “  Savo-The-Horse."  I  used  part  of 
last  bottle  on  bay  mare,  lame  in  hind  tendon,  with  great  results. 
Have  had  over  35  years’  experience  and  consider  it  the  greatest 
remedy  I  ever  had.  ,  W.  W.  Hudokss. 

STAYS  SOUND!  THAT’S  THE  BEST  OF  IT. 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y  ,  Juno  21,  1910.  — Just  a  year  apo  to-day  X 
bought  or  my  dealer  a  bottlo  of  “Savo-The-Horse/*  which  I 
used  with  great  success.  It  cured  my  horse  entirely  ol  a  bone 
spavin.  Ho  was  so  bad  ho  could  not  be  used  without  danger  of 
my  being  arrested.  Now  it  would  take  quite  a  little  money  to 
buy  him.  I  cannot  praise  your  spavin  cure  too  highly. 

Thos.  J.  Rzanxt,  4,405  16th  Ave. 
Denver  Colo.,  June  23,  1910. —I  have  cured  one  of  tha 
worse  thorough  pins  on  a  stallion  that  ever  was,  with  your 
remedy,  and  did  not  uso  quite  one  bottle.  Itcertainly  does  the 
work.  Since  using  your  modicino  I  am  aure  of  ita  merits.— 
Respectfully,  Gao.  W.  Williams.  1643  Marion  St. 

$5.00  a  Bottle  With  Signed  GUARANTEE 

A  binding  CONTRACT  to  protoet  purchaser  absolutely  in 
•' „'.nsr  ®nd  caring  any  case  of  Bona  and  Bo.  Spavin.  Tharougb- 
pin.  Ring-bone  (except  low).  Curb.  Splint,  Capped  Back,  Wiodpull. 
(aaabail.  Injured  Tendons  and  all  Lameness.  No  scar  or  lose  of 
pair.  Horse  works  as  usual.  Send  for  copy  of  contract,  book- 
let  on  all  lameness  and  letters  on  every  kind  of  caso. 

At  all  druggists  and  dealers,  or  express  paid. 
Troy  Chemical  Co.  24  Com’l  ave.Binghamton.N.T. 

Save  Time  and  Seed 

By  Using  the  50  Year 
Old  World's  Standard 


GAHOON 

SEED 

SOWER 


Guaranteed  to  do  more  and  better  broadcast  work 
with  any  kind  of  grain  or  grass  seed  than  any  other 
Seed  Sower.  Savestimeandlabor;  givesbiggercrops. 
Pays  for  itself  many  times  over  yearly,  although  it 
Is  the  highest  priced  sower.  Made  of  iron,  steel  and 
brass.  Lasts  a  lifetime.  If  your  dealer  cannot  supply 
you,  we  will  deliver  the  Cahoon  to  any  express 
office  east  of  the  Mississippi  River  on  receipt  of  $4. 

Seed  Sowers’  Manual  tells  how  to  save  seed  and 
get  bigger  crops.  It’s  free.  Send  for  it. 

GOODELL  CO..  14  Main  St.,  Antrim.  N.  H. 


AGENTS  100%  PROFIT 

IN  ONE 


Most  perfect  and  valuable  Com¬ 
bination  of  tools  ever  invented.  Sells 
u  , .  .  ,  .  v «  at  to  Farmers,  Plumbers, 

Machinists,  Automobile  Owners,  in  stores  and  the  homo. 

Made  of  Drop  Forged  high  grade  carbon  steel.  One  agent  in 
Essex  County,  N.  Y.,  after  a  6  days’  canvass  ordered  100  tools. 
His  profit  f 100.00,  Big  snap  for  agents.  Sample  free  to  workers. 

T.  THOMAS  MFG.  CO.,  2865  W.yn.  St.,  D.yto.,  Ohio 


IH  Feed  Your  Stock 

60  Days 
foreYou 


vu 

Save 

Your  Sheep 
and  Lambs 9 
Hogs  and  Horses 
From  Deadly  Worms 

Don’t  stand  by  and  let  your  sheep  and  hogs  die  off. 
Don’t  let  them  grow  thin,  scrawny  and  dull.  Don’t  let 
yom  profits  be  eaten  up  by  worms.  Every  day  that 
worms  eat  at  your  stock  you  are  losing  a  lot  of  money. 

^  1 11  stop  this  loss  and  prove  it  before  you  pay  me  a 
cent.  A!1.  .'  ask  is  a  chance  to  show  you  how 


TRADE  MARK 


Read  These  Letters 

“‘Sal-Vet*  is  the  best  con¬ 
ditioner  and  worm  destroy¬ 
er  I  ever  used.  None  of  the 
other  remedies  that  I  havo 
used  in  the  past  seventeen 
years,  during  which  I  havo 
been  raising  sheep  and 
lambs,  compare  with  ‘Sal- 
Vet’. 

I  bought  a  bunch  of  largo 
frame,  coarse  wool  lambs 
that  were  badly  infested 
with  stomach  worms,  put 
them  in  the  feed  lot  Novem¬ 
ber  20th,  at  an  averago 
weight  of  64  lbs.  I  kept 
*Sal-Vet*  constantly  before 
them  and.  sold  them  Febru¬ 
ary  12th  at  an  averago  of 
102  lbs.’*— Chas.  A.  Russell, 
Wakeraan,  Ohio. 

“1  find  ‘Sal- Vet’  to  do  all 
you  claim  for  it,  and  it  does 
it  better  than  any  other 
stock  remedy.  I  think  I 
know  because  I  have  tried 
eight  different  kinds  in  the 
last  ten  years.** — Joseph  L. 
Hibbs,  Hillsboro,  Ohio. 


REG  U.S.  PAT.  OFF. 


will  get  rid  of  the  worms  and  put  the  digestive  organs  of  your  stock 
in  such  a  healthy,  thrifty  condition,  they  will  grow  like  magic— I’ll 
keep  them  that  way,  because  SAL-VET  not  only  kills  and  expels 
worms  but  conditions  farm  animals  as  nothing  else  will. 

is  a  medicated  salt,  containing  seven  medicinal  ele¬ 
ments  that  work  wonders.  It  goes  to  the  root  of  the  evil— (stomach 

and  intestinal  worms)— routes  them  out — cleanses  the  system _ 

aids  the  digestion— enables  the  animal  to  derive  more  nutrition 
from  the  feetl— saves  feed— puts  every  organ  in  the  pink  of  “eon-  '\v 
dition  ““Works  a  w°nderful  change.  Its  base  is  salt— stock  like  it.,'lv* 
Put  it  where  they  can  get  it,  and  they’ll  doctor  themselves.  /  cN  tf 

_  *  A  -a.  .e.* 


SEND  ME  NO  MONEY 


dying  off  you  want  to  have  finer  animals— you  A  i 

want  to  make  more  money  —  get  more  work  ,'L.  A* 
out  your  horses — then  send  in  the  coupon  below. 

The  publishers  of  this  paper  vouch  for  my 


responsibility.  You  Visit  nothing. 

Sidney  R .  Fell ,  Pres. 

The  Sm  Rm  FeH  Company  “ 

Dept.  R-R.  Y,  Cleveland,  O. 

Prices:  40  Ihs.  $2.25;  100  lbs.  $5.00;  200.'-^' 

lbs.  $9.00 ; 300  lbs.  $13.00 •  /A  J'J'  . 


•/V 

v°  if  O' 


I? 

(P 


HI!”1' 


f\  Full  Stable 

Horses  of  big,  sturdy,  powerful  type  can  only  be  built  up  by 
proper  feeding.  Whole  corn  and  oats  will  not  do  it  so  well  or  as  cheap  as 
a  properly  balanced  kiln-dried,  ground  corn  and  oat  feed.  Whole  grains 
contain  too  much  water.  Sell  them  at  good  prices  and  buy  a  balanced 
ration  that  is  richer,  better,  cheaper.  Get  the  best— get 


A  QUALITY  FEED 


It  Makes  Fat,  Bone  and  Muscle 

and  keeps  horses  in  fine  fettle.  Kiln-dried,  always  uniform,  easily  digested. 
Contains  protein,  carbohydrates,  fats  and  fibre  blended  by  experts  in  exact  oro- 
portion  for  best  results.  To  get  the  most  out  of  your  horses  feed  them  right.  Get 
Boss  Feed  of  your  dealer.  If  he  can’t  supply  you  write  us.  Send  postal  for  inter¬ 
esting  folder  about  horses  and  Boss  Feed. 

The  GREAT  WESTERN  CEREAL  CO.  E"t  Chicago 

MAKERS  OF  QUALITY  FEEDS 

Boss  Feed,  Gregson’s  Calf  Meal,  Daisy  Dairy  Feed,  Sterling  Scratch  Feed,  Sterling  Chick  Feed 

BRANCHES 

Boston,  New  York,  Pittsburg,  Philadelphia,  St.  Louis,  Indianapolis,  Memphis 


18 


January  7, 


THE  RTJ RAL  NEW-YORKER 


“CAREFUL  CONSIDERATION”  CONGRESS¬ 
MAN  GETS  HIS. 

It  seems  a  shame  to  “rub  it  in”  on 
some  of  these  “careful  consideration” 
gentlemen,  yet  doctors  tell  us  the  only 
way  to  make  a  strong  treatment  ef¬ 
fective  is  to  see  that  it  really  gets  into  the 
system.  Just  prior  to  the  last  election 
one  of  our  readers  in  Pennsylvania  wrote 
his  Member  of  Congress  and  asked  him 
certain  questions,  including  the  follow¬ 
ing: 

I  understand  there  is  a  movement  on 
foot  tp  put  the  rural  delivery  routes  under 
the  old  Star  Route  system  of  letting  to 
the  lowest  bidder.  Would  you  favor  such 
a -plan?  Will  you,  if  re-elected,  support  a 
parcels  post  measure  similar  to  those  en¬ 
joyed  by  European  nations? 

The  dignity  with  which  some  of  these 
gentlemen  pass  out  words  of  wisdom  is 
something  awe-inspiring,  but  somehow 
it  does  not  work  as  it  did  once.  Our 
friend  who  wrote  the  original  letter 
says : 

I  enclose  a  copy  of  his  reply.  Lucid,  is 
it  not?  I  was  quite  overwhelmed  by  so 
much  information,  all  in  one  lump. 

Lucid?  Well — judge  for  yourself. 

I  am  not  sufficiently  familiar  witli  the 
changes  you  desire  in  the  rural  delivery 
service  to  state  what  stand  I  would  take ; 
but  you  may  rest  assured  that  if  the  serv¬ 
ice  in  this  district  can  be  improved  to 
serve  the  people  better,  I  shall  put  my  best 
effort  behind  such  changes.  1  am  using 
the  greatest  amount  of  effort  to  ascertain 
with  exactness  what  the  people  of  the  dis¬ 
trict  want  in  regard  to  the  parcels  post 
movement,  and  when  the  wishes  of  the 
majority  are  known  I  will  act  to  make 
their  wishes  effective.  It  would  be  easy 
enough  for  me  to  answer  your  questions 
in  the  affirmative  now  before  election  if  1 
considered  them  lightly,  and  it  is  only 
because  of  the  deep  sense  of  responsibility 
that  I  entertain  for  the  office  which  I  ask 
you  to  give  me  that  I  refrain  from  making 
a  more  sweeping  declaration  of  my  inten¬ 
tions. 

And  here  comes  the  sequel : 

I  had  the  intense  satisfaction  of  seeing 
him  defeated  by  700  votes  in  a  district 
where  he  should  have  received  a  majority 
of  4,000.  Well,  times  are  changing;  and 
politicians  with  “the  deep  sense  of  respon¬ 
sibility”  can  but  sit  up  and  take  notice ; 
and  “my  people”-  will  yet  get  what  they 
want. 

Surely  “my  people”  will  get  what  they 
want  just  as  soon  as  they  realize  that 
'  they  belong  to  themselves  and  not  to 
“me.”  For  this  is  one  of  the  gentlemen 
who  might  have  been  reelected  if  he  had 
been  sensible  enough  to  know  how  the 
people  felt  about  parcels  post! 

Imitation  Asphalt;  Cement  and  Coal  Tar. 

J.  L.  B.  (No  Address).— I  have  heard 
that  a  mixture  of  coal  tar  and  cement 
will  take  the  place  of  asphalt  in  roofing 
a  barn  or  shed,  and  prove  satisfactory. 
What  are  the  facts  about  this? 

Ans— I  do  not  know  of  any  instance 
where  this  has  been  tried  out.  I  should 
myself  doubt  its  success,  especially  if 
the  plan  is  to  use  the  cold  liquid  coal  tar. 
The  coal  tar  would  be  a  long  time  in 
becoming  hard,  but  in  doing  so  would 
shrink  in  volume  and  this,  I  fear,  would 
leave  the  hardened  product  too  porous 
to  shed  water  even  if  it  did  not  become 
so  brittle  as  to  be  injured  by  cracking. 
I  know  from  actual  trial  that  when  coal 
tar  is  mixed  with  sand,  after  the  coal 
tar  has  been  boiled  sufficiently  so  as  to  be 
hard  when  cold,  the  sand  being  put  into 
the  coal  tar  hot  and  the  sand  dry,  giving 
a  stiff  mortar  when  hot,  the  layer  when 
cold  was  not  impervious  to  water.  It 
does  not  follow  certainly  from  this,  how¬ 
ever,  that  the  same  would  be  true  with 
coal  tar  and  cement.  The  inquirer  could 
readily  make  a  trial  on  a  small  scale 
which  would  satisfy  him  as  to  the  prac¬ 
ticability  of  its  lying  on  the  roof  until  it 
becomes  hard,  and  whether  it  would  be 
likely  to  be  waterproof.  F.  H.  king. 


THE  COW  AND  THE  MAN. 

The  North  Dakota  College  sends  out  the 
following  circular  about  cows : 

“If  a  cow  gives  175  pounds  of  butter  in 
a  year  is  worth  $60,  how  much  is  a  cow 
worth  that  gives  350  pounds  of  butter  in  a 
year?  Suppose  that  butter  will  average  25 
cents  the  year  round,  and  it  will  do  better, 
and  that  the  feed  is  worth  $40  for  the 
year.  The  first  cow  would  give  a  return 
of  $43.75,  less  $40  for  feed  would  leave 
a  profit  of  $3.75,  counting  that  the  milk, 
calf  and  manure  pays  for  the  labor.  The 
second  cow  would  give  a  return  of  $87.50 
for  butter  and  would  give  at  least  4,000 
pounds  more  of  milk,  which,  at  20  cents 
per  100  pounds  (and  it  is  worth  more  for 
feed),  would  bring  $8.  The  calf  from  fke 
good  cow  is  also  worth  more,  but  let  that 
go.  The  return  would  be  $95.50,  less  $40 
for  feed,  or  a  profit  of  $55.50  on  the  same 
basis  as  the  other  cow  made  a  profit  of 
$3.75.  It  would  take  practically  15  175- 
pound  cows  to  make  as  much  profit  as  the 
one  350-pound  cow.  $3.75  is  6.2  per  cent 
on  $60,  and  $55.50  is  6.2  per  cent  on 
$985.16.  On  the  basis  of  percentage  in¬ 
come,  when  the  175  pound  cow  is  worth  $50, 
the  350  cow  is  worth  $895.16.  The  keep¬ 
ing  of  the  cows  should  be  looked  at  from 
the  business  standpoint.  The  poor  cow  is 
dear  at  any  price,  but  the  good  cow  is 
usually  not  rated  at  her  real  value.” 

Our  answer  is  that  it  depends  on  the 
man  in  front  of  the  cow.  for  the  feeding 
aud  care  is  what  does  it.  Put  a  purebred 
cow  in  the  hands  of  a  scrub  dairyman  and 
a  scrub  in  charge  of  a  good  man  and  we 
will  back  the  latter.  We  buy  fertilizers 
and  feeds  on  the  strength  of  their  an¬ 
alysis — or  at  least  we  ought  to — but  the 
real  test  is  the  man  who  uses  them.  Some 
farmers  will  waste  plant  food  or  feed.  That 
is  why  the  dairy  value  of  a  cow  or  the 
farm  value  of  a  fertilizer  will  depend  on 
the  man. 


H 


Milch  Cows  on  Rape. 

If  milch  cows  should  be  turned  regularly 
into  a  pasture  where  they  can  feed  on 
Dwarf  Essex  rape,  would  the  rape  impart 
a  taint  to  their  milk?  If  the  rape  should 
be  cut  and  fed  just  after  the  cows  are 
milked,  would  such  a  course  overcome  the 
difficulty?  w.  h.  l. 

Yes.  where  cows  are  pastured  on  rape 
the  milk  will  be  tainted.  Thus  the  rape  is 
better  pasture  for  steers,  sheep  and  hogs. 
It  is  much  like  using  turnips  or  cabbage. 
When  these  are  fed  just  after  milking  the 
the  milk  is  not  tainted.  The  trouble  is  duo 
to  volatile  oils  which  will  pass  out  of  the 
system  in  10  hours  or  so.  Thus  if  fed  just 
after  the  milk  is  drawn  those  taints  will 
disappear  before  another  milking. 

Corn  with  Potatoes. 

I  have  a  small  farm  of  about  10  acres. 
The  land  is  in  good  shape.  I  would  like 
to  plant  all  I  can  and  get  the  best  results. 
Could  I  plant  in  drill  potatoes  and  some 
small-stalk  early  sweet  corn  such  as  Golden 
Bantam  or  some  other  small  kind;  plant 
in  hills  18  inches  apart  every  other  hill? 
I  wish  to  plant  cabbage  and  cauliflower  on 
a  side  hill.  Ought  I  to  lime  or  fertilize? 
I  am  going  to  manure  the  piece.  I  had 
sweet  corn  on  it  this  year.  A.  B.  c. 

Luzerne  Co.,  Pa. 

If  we  understand  your  question  you 
think  of  planting  sweet  corn  in  the  hills 
of  potatoes.  Unless  the  season  is  exactly 
right  you  will  not  get  full  crops  of  either. 
There  must  be  an  abundance  of  moisture 
and  the  soil  must  be  stuffed  full  of  vege¬ 
table  matter.  We  have  tried  this  many 
times,  but  with  few  successes.  If  you  use 
a  good  coat  of  manure  the  cabbage  ought 
to  make  a  fair  growth.  We  should  use 
lime  broadcast  and  harrowed  in. 


Lame  Horses. 

What  is  the  best  remedy  for  a  horse  that 
;s  very  sore  in  the  front  feet?  I  had  a 
jood  team  which  are  very  sore ;  these  horses 
;ame  from  the  city,  off  hard  roads. 

Michigan.  K- 

Shoe  with  leather  pads  under  flat  bar 
shoes.  Clip  hair  from  tendons  and  blister 
repeatedly  with  cerate  of  cautharides. 

a.  ,s.  A. 


I* 


Wc  Want 
Our  1911 

rCataIog  In  the  Home 
rof  Every  Farmer  In  America’ 

178  pages  filled  from  cover  to  cover  with  gen- 
-'nine  Buggy,  Harness  and  Saddlo  bargains;  251  illus- 
Jt rations,  many  in  colors;  138  styles  of  Vehicles,  74  de- 
/eigns  in  harness;  the  biggest  and  best  book  ever  printed 
fin  this  line.  Don’t  miss  Bending  for  itl 

Murray  Highest  Award  Buggies  Direct  from 

His  Factory  —  Four  Weeks  Road  Trial  — 

,  insures  Sale  Delivery— Two  Years’  Guarantee 

I  Before  buying  any  kind  of  vehicle.  Just  get  the  1911 
Murray  Style  Book  and 

compare  Murray  Prices  with 
,  all  others.  Costs  you  noth-  ' 
ting.  You  might  as  well  have 
\  this  book  in  your  home, 

The  Wilber  H.  \/VJ dEJST  Save 

k  Murray  M’f’g  Co.  __  $30.00 

308  E.  5th  St„  1 

.  Cincinnati. 

>  Ohio 


Send  _ 
For  This'  . 
Free  Book 
Hlght  Now. 


r 


ERE’S  the  place  where 
two  farmers’  sons  have 
built  up  a  business  of  over 


$100,000  a  year 


COOK  YOUR  FEED  and  SAVE 
Half  the  Cost— with  the 

PROFIT  FARM  BOILER 


With  Dumping  Caldron.  Empties 
its  kettle  in  one  minute.  The  simplest 
and  best  arrangement  for  cookinf 
food  for  stock.  Also  make  Dairy  and 
Water  and 


READER:  If  you  want  to  make  money 
with  poultry  as  the  Curtiss  brothers  are 
making  it,  subscribe  now  for  the  FARM 
JOURNAL,  and  get  with  it  the  new 


for  particulars  and  ask  for  circulan  J 

D.  It.  SPERRY  &  00.,  Batavia,  111. 


c 


urtiss  Poultry  Dook 


B 


which  tells  how  Roy  Curtiss,  a  New  York 
farmer’s  son,  starting  with  a  few  neglected  hens, 
has  built  up  at  the  famous  NIAGARA  Farm,  the 
largest  poultry  plant  in  the  world ,  with  sales  of 
over  $100,000  a  year. 

Roy  wanted  to  make  some  money.  He  saw 

that  the  hens  on  the  place  were  almost  entirely  neglected,  and 
proposed  that  if  his  father  (a  grain  merchant  and  farmer) 
would  furnish  the  feed,  he  (Roy)  would  take  care  of  the 
flock,  and  supply  eggs  and  chickens  for  the  farm  table,  and  all 
that  were  left  over  were  to  belong  to  him.  His  father  agreed 
and  Roy  went  to  work. 

In  two  years  he  was  using  so  much  feed  that 
his  father  had  to  cry  quits,  but  the  boy  kept  right  on.  He 
had  grit  and  “  go,”  just  like  your  father’s  boys,  and  was 
determined  to  succeed.  He  would  start  at  two  o’clock  A.  M. 
for  Niagara  Falls,  thirteen  miles  away,  with  poultry  and  eggs 
to  sell.  His  brother  joined  him  in  the  business,  and  it  grew 
and  grew.  They  took  the  farm,  paid  off  the  mortgage,  built 
and  added  to  their  plant,  learning  slowly  how  to  avoid  losses 
and  make  profits.  Their  tender  spring  chickens  and  delicious 
ducklings  captured  the  best  hotel  trade  of  Niagara  Falls, 
Buffalo,  and  the  Adirondacks,  and  they  began  to  see  “big 
things”  in  the  poultry  business. 

But  they  had  no  guidance.  They  had  to 

devise  their  own  methods,  and  learn  by  their  own  mistakes. 
Such  a  guide  as  the  CURTISS  POULTRY  BOOK  would 
have  saved  them  thousands  of  dollars  and  years  of  lost  time. 

This  remarkable  new  book  was  written  at 
Niagara  Farm,  by  the  veteran  poultryman  Michael  K. 
Boyer.  He  had  the  Curtiss  brothers  right  at  his  elbow,  with 

their  records  and  data.  He  says  he  never  saw  a  general 
poultry  plant  so  well  managed  at  every  point.  No  “putting  on  style,”  no 
fancy  buildings,  no  ornament,  but  straight,  solid  business.  Everything  is 
planned  for  months  ahead.  Every  day  shipments  go  off,  every  day  money 
comes  in.  You  could  hardly  believe  how  little  they  lose.  Their  percent¬ 
age  of  'fertile  eggs,  of  live,  strong  chickens  hatched,  of  day-old  chicks 
shipped  without  loss  even  to  Kansas  or  Florida,  is  really  wonderful. 

This  book  describes  fully  their  methods  of  managing  incu¬ 
bators,  handling  eggs,  feeding,  killing,  dressing,  packing,  and  marketing. 
It  gives  all  their  formulas  for  mixing  feed  for  chickens  and  ducks  at 
different  ages.  These  formulas  have  been  gradually  modified  and  im¬ 
proved,  until  now  they  bring  the  best  results  with  such  certainty  that,  if 
you  couldn’t  get  them,  they  would  be  almost  priceless.  All  these  methods 
have  been  tested  by  years  of  experience,  resulting  in  what  is  believed  to  be 
THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  GENERAL  POULTRY  PLANT  IN 
THE  WORLD.  Whether  you  raise  chickens,  ducks,  or  eggs,  whether 
you  keep  forty  fowls  or  forty  thousand,  you  will  find  here  help  that  you 
can  get  in  no  other  way. 

Have  you  use  for  such  a  book  ?  Then  read  the  special  offer  below. 

The  Farm  Journal  (  thirty-four  years  old  )  has  over 
750,000  subscribers,  MORE  THAN  ANY  OTHER  FARM  PAPER. 
It  is  of  great  value  to  everybody,  in  town  or  country,  who  wants  to  make 
money  by  growing  fruit,  vegetables,  poultry,  eggs,  milk,  butter,  as  well 
as  grain  and  stock.  It  is  a  great  favorite  with  mothers,  housekeepers,  boys 
and  girls,  as  well  as  the  men.  “Cream,  not  skim-milk,”  is  its  motto.  It  is 
clean,  brief,  bright,  “boiled  down,”  intensely  practical.  It  tells  in  a  few 
words,  and  just  at  the  right  time,  what  to  do  NOW,  and  the  best  way  to 
do  it.  It  is  now  running  a  very  interesting  series,  “Back  to  the  Soil,” 
stories  of  city  people  who  have  gone  to  the  country  to  make  a  home.  _  If 
you  care  about  outdoor  life,  or  plants,  or  pets,  or  children,  or  anything 
that  grows,  then,  no  matter  how  many  other  papers  you  get,  you  and 
your  family  ought  to  have  the  FARM  JOURNAL. 


SPECIAL  OFFER :  We  will  send, 
postpaid,  the  Farm  Journal 
for  Four  Full  Years,  and  the 
Curtiss  Poultry  Book, 

Both  foe  $1°° 

cash,  money  order,  check  or  stamps. 
Book  and  paper  may  go  to  different 
addresses,  if  necessary. 

FARM  JOURNAL,  Philadelphia 


Cut  Out  and  Send  this  Coupon 


Farm  Journal,  130  Clifton  St.,  Philadelphia. 

Here’s  the  dollar.  Send  the  Farm  Journal  for 
four  full  years, and  the  Curtiss  Poultry  Book,  to 


Name 


P.  O. 


R.  F.  D . State. 


1911. 


There  is  no  milk  sold  here ;  a  few  small 
dairies  close  to  our  town  supply  milk  for 
the  people  in  town,  no  shipping  done,  as 
this  is  not  a  dairy  country.  The  north¬ 
western  part  of  Ohio  is  mostly  corn. 

Leipsic,  O.  j.  w.  P. 


THK  RUKA1,  NKW-YORKKR 


19 


No  milk  is  sold  in  this  part  of  the  coun¬ 
try  ;  either  the  cream  or  butter  is  sold  in¬ 
stead.  Cream  is  25  cents  and  butter  20 
cents  per  pound  at  the  present  time.  Wheat 
is  82  cents,  corn  34,  and  oats  25  per  bush¬ 
el.  The  growing  wheat  is  all  right  so  far 
this  Winter ;  is  covered  with  snow. 

Seward,  Neb.  w.  e.  w. 


We  have  a  hand  separator,  and  we  sep¬ 
arate  our  milk  and  sell  the  cream  to  the 
Farmers’  Union.  They  send  out  a  wagon 
twice  a  week.  It  sold  at  25  cents  a  pound. 
Grain  oats  from  35  to  40  cents;  wheat 
80  to  85  cents ;  corn  40  cents.  Alfalfa 
hay  $10  per  ton  ;  hay  $8.  A.  r. 

Cawker  City,  Kan. 


Milk  at  wholesale  is  about  15  cents  per 
gallon,  retailing  at  six  cents  per  quart. 
The  greater  part  of  milk  is  sold  by  dairy¬ 
men.  There  is  one  milk  company  in  Ham¬ 
ilton  that  takes  in  about  1,200  gallons 
daily,  condensing  a  part  of  it,  remainder 
retailed.  There  are  a  few  retailers  who 
buy  from  the  farmers,  but  this  is  a  small 
part  of  the  business.  In  the  whole  bus¬ 
iness  the  rules  of  sanitation  are  not  given 
much  attention.  There  are  a  great  many 
chickens  raised,  and  sold  mostly  in  Ham¬ 
ilton,  Cincinnati  and  nearby  towns,  but 
few  turkeys.  a.  m.  f. 

Hamilton,  O. 


In  our  vicinity  there  are  a  great  many 
boarding  houses  for  Summer  boarders,  and 
a  great  many  of  the  farmers  sell  their  milk 
to  them  in  the  Summer  and  get  from  Jive 
to  six  cents  a  quart.  Some  churn  all  in 
butter,  which  always  brings  a  good  price. 
In  the  Winter  those  that  do  not  churn  take 
what  little  milk  they  get  to  creamery.  If 
any  is  sold  direct  to  neighbors  or  consum¬ 
ers  in  general  it  is  sold  for  five  cents  a 
quart.  Poultry  is  sold  to  the  Summer 
boarding  houses  or  to  the  butchers,  and,  of 
course,  the  price  is  up  and  down ;  in  the 
Summer  poultry  and  eggs  bring  a  good 
price  and  eggs  just  now  are  selling  at  40 
cents  a  dozen ;  poultry  is  about  15  cents 
a  pound.  G.  w. 

Ilenryville,  Pa. 

The  milk  in  this  locality  mostly  goes  to 
the  creamery  where  it  is  skimmed,  made 
into  butter,  and  the  skim-milk  returned. 
It  is  hauled  there  by  regular  milk  haulers 
who  get  10  cents  per  100  pounds  of  milk. 
We  are  paid  according  to  butter  fat  test, 
governed  by  the  Elgin  market.  For  the 
month  of  November  I  received  32  cents 
per  pound  or  $1.28  per  100  for  four  per 
cent  milk,  my  milk  testing  4.20.  A  few 
farmers  living  near  the  railroad  ship  to 
Chicago  and  get  more,  but  as  they  nave 
no  skim-milk  and  keep  no  hogs,  I  think  at 
the  price  hogs  have  been  the  last  year  or 
more  we  stand  just  as  good  a  show  as  they 
do.  There  is  no  feed  for  sale  here ;  nearly 
all  are  short,  and  I  have  been  wondering 
what  some  of  us  will  do  before  grass  grows 
again.  Is  there  not  some  one  in  the  corn 
belt  who  could  sell  us  baled  shredded  corn 
fodder  at  a  right  price?  J.  C. 

Kansasville,  Wis. 


Here  milk  at  present  retails  at  6% 
cents  per  quart.  Dairymen  charge  this 
price,  farmers  also  where  they  retail  it. 
The  retailers  who  buy  milk  I  think  pay 
at  the  rate  of  20  cents  per  gallon.  Grain 
from  producer  to  consumer  in  our  small 
towns  is  handled  on  a  margin  of  10  cents 
per  bushel ;  potatoes  the  same ;  apples  at 
present  prices  around  25  cents  margin  per 
bushel.  Hay,  baled  at  $2  or  $3  per  ton 
margin.  We  of  the  smaller  settlements 
fare  much  better  in  regard  to  what  is 
called  middlemen’s  profits  than  do  the 
population  of  larger  cities.  The  margins 
that  I  have  quoted  you  do  not  seem  un¬ 
just,  neither  producer  nor  consumer  could 
'"‘kick”  on  these  margins  of  profit.  As  we 
view  it  the  producer  gets  his  products  to 
the  cities  cheaply  enough,  but  once  there 
the  prices  are  manipulated  to  the  detri¬ 
ment  of  the  consumer  (where  the  popu¬ 
lation  is  dense).  It  remains  for  the  cities 
themselves  to  remedy  these  defects  of  so 
large  margins  of  profits.  M.  H. 

Nauvoo,  Ill. 


Most  milk  pi-oduced  here  is  shipped  to 
Philadelphia  by  the  McEwen  Milk  Com¬ 
pany,  who  started  a  ci‘eamery  here  about 
one  year  ago.  This  has  some  advantages 
over  the  old  way  of  individual  shipment. 
The  creamery  gives  about  Philadelphia 
prices,  4%  cents,  less  freight,  which  is 
one-half  cent  per  quai-t.  They  furnish 
the  cans,  thereby  a  saving  of  about  $20  to 
every  farmer  per  year.  All  cans  used  be¬ 
tween  farm  and  creamei’y  are  washed  at 
creamery.  No  short  cans  to  pay  full 
freight  for,  no  lost  milk  in  transit,  no 
investment  in  milk  tickets  which  pay  no 
dividends,  no  expense  of  ice ;  time  of  de¬ 
livery  1  %  hour  later  mornings.  This  is 
a  good  thing  when  roads  are  bad,  especi¬ 
ally  when  blocked  by  snow.  The  railroad 
service  is  Union  Transportation  Company, 
lessee  of  a  branch  of  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
ro«^,  x  ^eir  management  instructed  the 
milk  train  crew  if  farmers  did  not  help 
load  milk  on  train  to  leave  it,  which  was 
done  on  some  shipments  which  were  to 
go  to  seashore  points.  This  matter  was 
carried  before  the  State  Railroad  Commis¬ 
sion,  and  was  decided  in  favor  of  farmers ; 
the  company  was  compelled  to  load  all 
freight  which  was  properly  tagged 
Wrightstown,  N.  J.  D.  s.  c. 


Did  You  Try  The  NEW 

Schumacher 

F setting 
Plan 


Dairymen 


Milk  is  sold  here  direct  from  dairymen 
to  consumer  at  eight  cents  per  quart,  bot¬ 
tled.  Hotels  are  allowed  a  wholesale  rate 
of  six  cents  per  quart.  There  are  no  cheese 
factories  or  creameries  in  this  county. 
Poultry  prices  are  high,  and  fresh  eggs 
are  scarce  at  45  to  50  cents  per  dozen. 
Storage  eggs  30  cents.  i.  c.  s. 

Franklin,  Pa. 

The  local  milk  market  is  supplied  direct 
from  the  producer ;  prices  are  five  cents 
in  Summer  to  six  in  Winter.  The  farmers 
use  hand  separators  and  sell  the  cream  to 
creamery  companies  who  have  agents  at 
each  town ;  prices  range  from  24  cents  to 
30  cents,  according  to  whether  they  have 
competition.  j.  l. 

Syracuse,  Neb. 


Gained 

30  lbs . 

of  milk  a  day 
from  14-  cows 


The  Quaker  Oats  Co. 
Chicago,  Ill. 

Gentlemen: — During  the  past 
few  months  I  have  been  feeding 
my  dairy  a  ration  composed  of 
equal  parts  of  Gluten  Feed  and 
Distillers  Grain.  About  two 
weeks  ago  I  left  out  the  Distillers 
Grain  and  began  using  Schu¬ 
macher  Feed  in  its  place  and  feed¬ 
ing  just  the  same  amount.  In  two 
days  my  dairy  has  gained  thirty 
pounds  of  milk  per  day. 

At  present  I  am  getting  as 
much  as  425  pounds  of  milk  per 
day  from  fourteen  cows.  Thirteen 
of  these  cows  have  been  milked 
since  last  March  and  April. 
Themostimportantpoint  to  be  considered 
in  this  test  is  the  fact  that,  whileSchumach- 
er’s  cost  me  $6.00  per  ton  less  than  the  Distilleis 
Grain,  my  cows  actually  gained  in  milk  produc¬ 
tion  by  feeding  it,  and  at  a  time  when,  as  every 
dairyman  knows,  it  is  the  tendency  for  cows  that 
have  been  milked  continuously,  as  long  as  these 
have,  to  shrink. 

Yours  very  truly, 

J.  E.  Murray,  Freedom,  N.  Y. 


The  Quaker  Oats  Co. 

Chicago,  Ill. 

Gentlemen: — Schumacher  Feed 
has  been  a  large  factor  in  the  ra¬ 
tion  we  feed  our  herd  for  the  past 
two  years.  We  feed  one-half  Schu¬ 
macher  and  one-half  Gluten  Feed. 

This  summer  our  feed  dealer  was  out 
of  Schumacher  and  we  bought  one  ton  of 
bran  to  take  its  place.  After  feeding  this  a 
few  days  we  saw  our  cows  were  shrinking.  A 
car  of  Schumacher  arrived  after  we  had  fed 
1,600  pounds  of  bran.  We  changed  directly  to 
Schumacher  and  in  three  days  our  cows  gained  a 
ten-gallon  can  of  milk.  During  one  week  of  last 
June  we  milked  1,600  pounds  of  milk  a  day  from 
forty  cows,  which  you  will  note  is  an  average  of 
forty  pounds  to  the  cow.  This  was  done  on  a  ration 
of  Schumacher  Feed  and  Gluten.  The  strong  argu¬ 
ment  in  favor  of  Schumacher  Feed  is  that  it  keeps 
our  cows  in  good  flesh  while  they  are  producing  milk. 
Every  cow  we  have  sold  during  the  past  year  has  gone 
directly  to  the  slaughter  house  and  she  has  been  sold 
after  producing  a  large  flow  of  milk  all  the  season.  We 
consider  it  a  hard  proposition  to  make  milk  the  year 
around  as  we  do,  without  Schumacher  Feed. 

Yours  very  truly, 

C.  Haskell  &  Son,  Sandusky,  N.  Y. 


Did  You  Read  Our  “ Message  to  Dairymen” 

in  our  previous  advertisement  in  this  paper?  It  is  a  money  saver  of  unusual  value.  We  told  the  dairy¬ 
men  and  farmers  of  this  county  how  they  could  save  $5  to  $8  a  ton  on  their  feed  by  following  a  simple 
feeding  plan  we  have  recently  discovered.  The  letters  above  tell  their  own  story. 

Here  is  the  Plan—  Will  You  Try  It  Now  ? 

You,  no  doubt,  are  feeding  high  protein  concentrates  such  as  gluten,  cotton  seed  meal,  malt  sprouts, 
oil  meal.  Blue  Ribbon  Dairy  Feed  and  other  similar  high  protein  feeds,  etc.  If  you  will  combine 
SCHUMACHER  FEED  with  any  of  these  in  half  to  two-thirds  the  ration,  you  will  not  only  save  $5.00 
to  $8.00  per  ton  on  your  feed,  but  get  far  better  results  in  both  milk  and  “condition”  of  your  cows 

You  know  the  prices  for  milk  were  never  higher,  making  it  especially  desirable  to  get  the  fullest  returns 
from  your  cows  right  now.  Again,  the  present  favorable  prices  of  coarse  grains  making  it  possible  to  sell 

Schumacher  Feed 

^at  or  below  the  price  of  bran  is  another  good  reason  why  you  should  try  this  new  feeding  plan  which  saves 
you  money  on  feed  cost  But  there  are  still  many  other  advantages.  Schumacher  Feed  which  is 
composed  of  a  variety  of  grain  by-products  such  as  corn,  oats,  wheat  and  barley,  blended 
scientifically,  ground  and  kiln-dried,  furnishes  just  the  nutrients  your  cows  require  to  give 
them  strength  and  vitality  with  which  to  Btand  long  milking  periods.  It  is  also  a  tissue 
builder  as  well  as  a  milk  maker  and  will  put  your  cows  in  healthy,  sleek  condition, 
ready  for  the  butcher  when  dry.  It  is  without  doubt  the  finest  feed  on  the  market 
today.  Ask  your  dealer  for  Schumacher.  If  he  can’t  supply  you,  write  us. 

The  Quaker  Oats  Com 

Chicago,  11*  S*  A* 


Schumacher  Feed  is  Especially  Good  for  Hogs •  Try  it 


Is  A1 

$5t 

VE 

»$8 

PER  TON 

I  On  Your  Feed 

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than  half  of  the  Prize  Winning 
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every  year  are  fed  from  the 
FAMOUS  INDIANA  SILOS. 

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318  Union  Building,  Anderson,  Indiana 


ECONOMY  SILO 


Our  simple  yet  perfect-fitting  doors, 
forming  air-tight  silo,  entirely  pre¬ 
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Quick,  easy  adjustment  without 
hammer  or  wrench.  Free  access. 

Every  silo  easy  to  erect.  Seasoned 
white  pine  or  cypress  staves.  Refined 
iron  hoops  form  easy  ladder. 

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of  our  claims  from  delighted  users. 

ECONOMY  SILO  A  MFC.  CO., 

Box  38-J  Frodortck,  Md. 


Write 

to-day. 


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GUARANTEED  AUT0-SPARKER 

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112  Harold  St.,  Pendleton,  Ind 


Quinn's  Ointment 

“does  for  the  horse  what  no  other  remedy  can  do. 
There’s  not  a  curb,  splint,spavin,  wind  puff  or  bunch 
that  it  will  not  remove.  Sure  and  speedy.  Thous¬ 
ands  of  horse  owners  use  it — Quinn’s  alone.  They 
regard  it  as  the  unfailing  remedy. 

PRICE  St. 00  PER  BOTTLE. 

At  all  druggists  or  sent  by  mail.  Testimonials  free. 

W.  B.  Eddy  t,  Co.,  Whitehall,  New  York. 


SILOS 

The  kind  ‘’Uncle  Sam"  uses,  best 
and  cheapest.  Send  for  catalog. 

HARDER  MFC.  CO. 

Box  1 1  , _ Coblosklll.  N.  Y. 


Continuous  Opening 
Best  Materials 
Braced  Door  Frame 
Adjustable  Doors 
Permanent  Laddei 
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Five  kinds  lumber 


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The  only  thoroughly  manufactured 
Silo  on  the  market.  Full  length  stave. 
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ladder.  Triple  beveled  silo  door  with 
hinges.  Equipped  with  extra  heavy 
Loops  at  bottom. 

AIR  TIGHT 

Make*  winter  feed  equal  to  June 
fra*s.  THE’ ROSS  wiil  more  than  pay 
fo*  itself  in  one  season.  Write  to¬ 
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For  Lame  Horses 


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Ringbone,  Curb,  Shoe  Bolls,  Cappedt 
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REMOV-ALL 

Sold  on  money-back  guarantee.  ’ 
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years  sale.  TOLEDO,  OHIO. 


pENOAL&l 

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You  can  never  tell  when  a  linrse 
is  going  to  develop  a  Curb.  Splint, 

Spavin.  Ringbone  or  a  lameness. 

Yet  it  is  bound  to  happen  sooner 
or  later.  And  you  can’t  afford  to 
keep  him  in  the  barn.  Keepa  bottleof 

Kendall’s  Spavin  Cure 

handy  at  all  times.  Mr.  Sheppard  or 
Richfield,  N.J.  writes-  “Your  Spavin  Cure 
is  a  sure  cure  for  Spavin,  Splints,  Ringbone, 
RMH _ Lameness,  etc. 

|  I  Get  Kendall’s  Spavin 

Cure  at  any  druggist’s. 

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DEHORNERS,  Teat  Syphons,  Slitters, 

Dilators,  etc.  Received  only  award 
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HA6SSMANN  &  DUNN  CO. 

392  South  Clark  Street,  Chicago,  Ill. 


20 


THE  RURAL  NEW  -  VO  R  K  E  R 


January  7, 


FEEDING  PROBLEMS. 

Under  this  heading  we  endeavor  to  give  advice 
and  suggestions  about  feeding  mixtures  of  grains 
and  fodders.  No  definite  rules  are  given,  but  the 
advice  is  based  upon  experience  and  average 
analyses  of  foods.  By  ‘'protein”  is  meant  the 
elements  in  the  food  which  go  to  make  muscle  or 
lean  meat.  “Carbohydrates”  comprise  the  starch, 
sugar,  etc.,  which  make  fat  and  provide  fuel  for 
the  body,  while  “fat”  is  the  pure  oil  found  in 
foods.  Dry  matter”  means  the  weight  of  actual 
food  left  in  fodder  or  grain  when  all  the  water  is 
driven  off.  A  "narrow  ration"  means  one  in  which 
the  proportion  of  protein  to  carbohydrates  is  close 
—a  "wide”  ration  means  one  which  shows  a  larger 
proportion  of  carbohydratjs. 

A  Milk  Ration. 

ITow  can  we  make  a  ration  .for  milch 
cows  with  cornstalks,  ground  oats,  and 
ground  corn?  How  is  this  for  milch  cows? 

3  0  pounds  a  day  of  cornstalks,  10  pounds 
straw,  four  pounds  ground  oats,  four  pounds 
buckwheat  middlings.  m. 

New  York. 

According  to  the  best  authorities  a 
standard  ration  for  a  i,ooo-pound  cow 
should  contain  24  pounds  of  dry  matter, 
in  which  there  are  2.5  pounds  of  di¬ 
gestible  protein,  and  13.4  pounds  of  di¬ 
gestible  carbohydrates  and  fat,  which 
gives  it  a  nutritive  ratio  of  1  -.5.4.  Here 
is  the  analysis  of  the  ration  you  sug¬ 
gest.  Let  us  see  how  it  compares  with 
the  standard  : 

Feeding  stuff. 


cotton-seed  before  they  have  been  fresh 
at  least  two  weeks.  It  is  rather  difficult 
to  understand  why  you  picked  the  ears 
off  your  corn  before  putting  it  into 
the  silo,  as  it  is  so  much  time  and  labor 
actually  wasted,  to  say  nothing  of  the 
expense  of  grinding  the  corn.  When 
it  is  all  put  in  the  silo  together  it  makes 
much  better  silage,  and  is  much  more 
economical  of  time  and  money,  c.  s.  G. 


4  lbs.  buckwheat  mid 


Dry 

Pro- 

Cavb: 

matter. 

tein. 

and  Fat. 

.  6. 

.37 

3.4 

.  9.1 

.32 

4.04 

.  3.56 

.368 

2.272 

.22 

1.824 

22.34 

3.538 

11.536 

Nutritive  ratio  . 

You  will  see  by  the  above  analysis 
that  the  ration  mentioned  is  deficient  in 
every  requirement,  and  especially  in  pro¬ 
tein,  where  a  large  part  of  the  trouble 
usually  comes  in  selecting  proper  feed¬ 
ing  stuffs  for  a  milk-producing  ration. 
While  a  cow  would  live  on  this  ration 
she  would  not  give  milk  enough  to 
pay  her  keep.  Another  serious  fault 
with  this  combination  is  that  it  contains 
no  succulent  material  like  silage,  roots 
or  beet  pulp.  It  is  practically  an  impos¬ 
sibility  to  produce  milk  without  succu¬ 
lent  feed  in  competition  with  farmers 
who  are  using  something  of  this  kind, 
as  the  cost  is  increased  beyond  the  price 
obtainable  for  market  milk.  Every 
dairy  farmer  should  raise  corn  for  sil¬ 
age  first,  and  then  raise  clover  and  Al¬ 
falfa  if  it  is  possible  for  him  to  do 
so,  as  thtft  is  the  best  way  to  get  ahead 
of  the  feed  trust. 

Buckwheat  middlings  contain  22  per 
cent,  protein  (digestible),  which  should 
place  them  among  the  first  class  of  pro¬ 
tein  feeds  were  it  not  for  the  fact  that 
being  so  fine  they  make  a  sticky  paste 
in  the  cows'  mouths  unless  mixed  with 
a  large  quantity  of  coarse  feed,  and  it 
has  been  my  experience  as  well  as  others 
that  cows  do  not  relish  them,  although 
some  feeders  claim  good  results  from 
their  extensive  use.  I  was  unable  to 
get  cows  to  eat  more  than  one  or  two 
pounds  a  day,  and  the  milk  yield  de¬ 
creased  when  I  started  to  feed  them. 
For  these  reasons  I  cannot  recommend 
their  extensive  use,  but  rely  on  cotton¬ 
seed  meal,  gluten  feed,  dry  distillers’ 
grains,  and  oil  meal  to  furnish  the 
deficient  amount  of  protein,  and  in  the 
absence  of  silage  I  would  feed  dry  beet 
pulp.  c.  s.  G. 

Another  Dairy  Ration 

Please  give  a  ration  from  oats,  cob-and- 
corn  ground  together,  silage  from  well- 
ripened  fodder,  corn  picked  off,  common 
or  natural  mixture  of  hay  (June,  quack 
Red-top,  Timothy).  All  kinds  grain  and 
feed  for  sale  nearby  that  is  lacking  for  a 
balanced  ration.  w.  w. 

Fambridgeport,  Vt. 

Your  home-grown  feeds  are  all  lack¬ 
ing  in  protein  which  must  be  supplied 
if  you  expect  your  cows  to  produce  milk 
in  paying  quantities.  The  most  eco¬ 
nomical  way  to  buy  protein,  everything 
considered,  is  in  the  form  of  cotton¬ 
seed  meal,  but  of  course  there  is-  a 
limit  to  the  amount  of  this  feed  that  can 
safely  be  fed  to  a  cow.  Large  heavy 
milkers  have  been  known  to  eat  five 
pounds  or  more  a  day  when  making  a 
record,  but  two  or  three  pounds  a  day 
for  average  cows  is  much  safer  to  feed. 
Ajax  flakes  contain  23  per  cent,  digesti¬ 
ble  protein,  or  practically  twice  as  much 
as  wheat  bran,  and  as  Ajax  is  a  light 
bulky  feed  the  proper  amount  of  protein 
can  be  made  up  with  it  and  you  will  have 
a  practical  ration  with  a  nutritive  ratio . 
of  1  :5.5  as  follows :  35  pounds  silage, 
10  pounds  mixed  hay,  two  pounds  ground 
oats,  four  pounds  corn-and-cob  meal, 
three  pounds  cotton-seed  meal  and  three 
pounds  Ajax  flakes.  This  ration  is  suit¬ 
able  for  large  cows  giving  a  full  flow  of 
milk ;  and  for  smaller  cows  it  should 
be  reduced  accordingly.  Cows  coming  in 
early  in  the  Spring  should  not  have  much 


Farmers  and  Purebred  Cattle. 

Farmers  arc  conservative  and  slow  to 
take  hold  of  new  things,  but  it  is  only  nec¬ 
essary  to  refer  to  the  records  of  purebred 
stock  to  determine  that  the  average  pro¬ 
duction  of  purebred  dairy  cattle  is  much 
greater  than  that  of  the  scrub  or  general- 
purpose  cow,  and,  of  course,  the  same  will 
apply  tc  the  beef  breeds.  1  presume  that 
a  great  many  farmers  in  the  State  of  New 
York,  as  well  as  in  other  States,  are  main¬ 
taining  herds  of  cattle  at  a  loss ;  cattle 
that  do  not  pay  their  hoard.  The  average 
farmer  does  not  keep  a  record  of  the 
amount  of  grain  and  forage  fed,  and  there 
is  no  doubt  if  they  were  to  keep  a  record 
of  it  they  would  be  astonished  to  see  the 
Joss  in  a  great  many  instances.  In  some 
localities  the  farmers  are  not  so  much  to 
blame ;  the  agricultural  colleges  have  been 
advocating  the  general-purpose  cow.  Of 
course,  that  does  not  apply  to  New  York 
State.  It  was  only  three  or  four  years  ago 
that  some  of  the  western  agricultural  col¬ 
leges  seemed  to  be  strongly  in  favor  of  the 
general  purpose  cow.  The  recent  dairy  con¬ 
test  in  the  State  of  Iowa,  1  think,  has  had 
much  to  do  with  dispelling  that  illusion, 
and  it  is  only  necessary  to  look  up  the  rec¬ 
ords  made  by  the  purebreds  and  even  those 
that  were  crossed  with  the  purebreds  to 
see  that  the  general-purpose  cow  is  far 
behind  the  average.  It  is  my  opinion  that 
the  farm  papers,  papers  that  are  read  the 
most  by  the  farmers,  can  do  more  along 
educational  lines,  relative  to  purebred  cat¬ 
tle  than  can  be  done  in  any  other  way.  I 
presume  that  the  average  farmer  objects 
very  strongly  to  the  price  that  he  must 
pay  for  purebred  cattle,  and  thinks  that  it 
is  folly  to  pay  $200  to  $500  for  a  purebred 
cow  when  he  can  buy  a  scrub  for  $60.  My 
experience  has  been  that  the  better  and 
higher-priced  ones  are  the  cheaper  and  most 
profitable,  and  I  guess  it  is  only  by  experi¬ 
ence  that  we  learn  these  things.  I  have 
cows  that  average  over  550  pounds  of  but¬ 
ter  fat  per  year  under  ordinary  good  dairy 
conditions,  milked  twice  a  day.  It  is  their 
normal  capacity.  These  are  paying  cows. 

Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y.  it.  g.  benham. 


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You  do  not  care  who  invented  the  Cream  Separator. 

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breeds  of  cows.  It  was  awarded  the  only  Grand 
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Cream  skimmed  by  the  United  States  Separator 

is  used  by  99io!>  per  cent  of  all  creameries.  They  can’t 
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§ 


WHEELS,  FREIGHT  PAID,  $8.75 

for  4  Buggy  Wheels,  Steel  Tires.  With  Rubber  Tirea, 
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The  Principle 
of  Feeding 

The  man  who  feeds  sheep,  cattle  or  swine,  so  as  to  bring  about 
rapid  growth  and  a  short  fattening  period,  never  goes  by  guess¬ 
work.  With  him,  feeding  is  a  science  based  on  one  fundamental 
principle,  viz :  A  strong  animal  digestion  means  economical  food  con¬ 
sumption.  To  accomplish  this — to  make  the  digestive  function  of  hie 
feeding  stock  unfailingly  active — he  gives  regular  daily  doses  of 

DB  HESS  STOCK  FOOD 

in  the  grain  ration  and  reaps  his  reward  in  fat,  sleek  cattle,  plump  sheep  and  heavy  hogs.  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food 
was  formulated  by  Dr.  Hess  (M.  D.,  D.  V.  S.)  in  response  to  a  general  demand  for  a  digestive  tonic  which  would 
prevent  failing  appetite  and  stomach  derangements  resulting  from  heavy  feeding. 

This  way  of  managing  farm  stock  is  called  after  the  name  of  its  originator — ‘‘The  Dr.  Hess  Idea,” 
and  proves  conclusively  that  “a  poor  ration,  well  digested,  is  better  than  the  best  ration,  poorly 
digested.”  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food  is  sold  on  a  written  guarantee.  It  makes  a  milch  cow  increase  her 
mess  ;  shortens  perceptibly  the  time  necessary  to  fatten  a  steer,  hog  or  sheep  ;  puts  horses  in  A  1  , 

T  condition  and  relieves  all  the  minor  stock  ailments. 

!  iv 


W 


100  lbs.  $5.00 
25  lb.  pail,  $1.60 


Except  in  Canada  and  the  extreme  West  and  South. 

Smaller  quantities  at  a  slight  advance. 

Also  manufacturers  of  Dr.  Hess  Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a  and 
Instant  Louse  Killer.  FREE  from  the  1st  to  the  10th  of  each 
month— Dr.  Hess  (M.  D.,  D.  V.  S.)  will  prescribe  for  your  ail¬ 
ing  animals.  You  can  have  his  96-page  Veterinary  Book  any 
time  by  asking.  Send  2  cent  stamp  and  mention  this  paper. 


DR.  HESS  &  CLARK 
Ashland,  Ohio. 


makes  poultry  keeping  a  successful  venture  for  the  man 
or  woman  who  wants  a  nice,  quiet,  home  business. 
It  acts  on  the  digestive  organs  of  the  hen  and  converts  the  greatest  possible  proportion  of  her  food  into  large,  fuU-meated  eggs, 
wards  off  common  poultry  ills  and  pays  for  itself  many  times  over.  Ask  vmir  denier  for  Dr.  Hess  Poultrv  Pan-a-ce-a. 


DR.  HESS  POULTRY  PAN-A-CE-A 


Ask  your  dealer  for  Dr.  Hess  Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a. 

1%  lbs.  25c;  mail  or  express  40c.  5  lbs.  COc;  12  lbs.  $1.25;  25  lb.  pail  $2.50. 

Except  in  Canada  and  the  extreme  West  and  South.  Send  2  cents  for  Dr  Hess 

48-page  Poultry  Book,  free. 

INSTANT  LOUSE  KILLER  JoLLS^UCE 


1911. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


21 


THE  PAIN  OF  DISHORNING. 

On  page  1040,  regarding  the  dishorning 
of  cattle,  the  writer  says  that  “at  least  a 
quarter  to  one-half  an  inch  of  flesh  should 
be  included,  as  the  horn  should  be  cut  as 
close  to  the  skull  as  possible.”  Another 
authority,  I  have  noted,  has  said  that 
three-quarters  of  an  inch  of  the  hide  should 
be  taken.  The  practice  of  dishorning,  if 
done  properly,  on  older  animals,  appears  to 
be  diabolical,  as  far  as  the  act  is  con¬ 
cerned,  and  I  wonder  that  your  journal, 
which  is  conspicuous  among  agricultural 
papers  because  of  its  bravery  in  standing 
for  what  it  believes  to  be  right,  should 
recommend  torturing  a  helpless  animal  for 
any  length  of  time  without  giving  it  an 
anaesthetic.  james  a.  smith. 

Connecticut. 

This  subject  has  been  discussed  over  and 
over  again  in  about  all  of  the  journals  “in¬ 
terested”  in  the  country,  and  the  common 
consent  is  that  it  is  preferable  to  prevent 
growth  of  horns  by  applying  caustic  potash 
to  the  skin  just  above  the  horn  button 
when  the  calf  is  but  a  few  days  old.  This 
causes  little  inconvenience  and  results  in 
a  polled  head  that  cannot  be  distinguished 
from  that  of  a  polled-bred  animal.  For 
beef  animals  the  no-horn  idea  is  best  man¬ 
aged  by  using  a  polled  bull.  We  are  now 
getting  all  of  the  beef  breeds  polled  for 
those  who  hate  horns.  Even  the  Short-horns 
have  now  a  polled  variety,  known  as  the 
“Polled  Durham,”  and  they  are  purebred, 
fine  beasts  and  mostly  eligible  to  registry  in 
both  herd  books.  The  Ilerefords  are  estab¬ 
lishing  a  like  variety  and  record.  Despite 
the  possibility  of  having  polled  calves  born 
or  artificially  made  to  grow  up  hornless, 
horned  “critters”  continue  to  form  the  ma¬ 
jority  of  our  bovine  stocks.  What  shall  be 
done  with  these?  Shall  we  “take  arms 
against  a  sea  of  troubles  and  by  opposing 
end  them”  or  shall  we  put  up  with  the 
nuisance  of  horns  for  the  sake  of  saving 
the  animal  pain  in  losing  them?  While 
few  people  are  willingly  cruel  they  deem 
it  a  practical  necessity  to  dishorn  cattle  and 
they  try  to  do  it  as  painlessly  as  possible. 
It  is  not  feasible  to  chloroform  cattle  while 
operating  on  the  horns ;  the  operation  then 
should  be  done  as  quickly  and  humanely  as 
possible.  There  is  no  excuse  in  slowly  saw¬ 
ing  through  the  butt  of  the  horn  with  a 
blunt  saw ;  nor  do  we  think  it  necessary  to 
cut  far  down  in  the  flesh  or  skin.  The 
horn  should  be  taken  off  as  close  as  possi¬ 
ble,  else  an  unsightly  “scur”  may  grow. 
The  operation  should  be  done  when  the 
horns  are  thin.  It  causes  more  pain  to 
remove  the  thick  horns  of  an  adult  animal 
and  that  only  should  be  done  in  the  ease  of 
a  vicious  bull  or  cow.  The  humane  socie¬ 
ties  of  several  States  tried  to  stop  dishorn¬ 
ing,  but  the  practice  was  so  general  and 
widespread  that  the  attempt  failed.  To 
make  dishorning  a  misdemeanor  would  ne¬ 
cessitate  putting  castration  on  the  same 
basis,  as  that  operation  causes  at  least  as 
much  pain  as  dishorning  Docking  of  horses 
has  been  made  a  punishable  offense  iu  many 
States  and  rightly  so;  but  men  continue 
to  trim  dogs’  ears  and  to  dock  puppies  with 
seeming  impunity.  The  tails  of  lambs  also 
ars  docked,  and  unless  the  operation  is  per¬ 
formed  properly  the  animals  are  apt  to 
suffer  much  misery  from  maggots.  Per¬ 
sonally  the  writer  does  not  like  to  mutilate 
an  animal,  and  he  has  never  docked  a  horse, 
nor  trimmed  a  dog’s  ears  and  could  not  be 
engaged  to  do  so.  But  as  a  commercial 
proposition  he  deems  dishorning  of  cattle 
profitable  and  often  absolutely  necessary. 
An  anaesthetic  should  be  used -  in  all  major 
operations  upon  animals,  but  it  has  rot 
been  found  feasible  to  introduce  such  a 
practice  as  regards  the  dishorning  of  cattle, 
or  the  branding  of  cattle,  or  castration  of 
calves,  or  docking  and  castration  of  lambs, 
or  the  slaughter  of  animals  for  food.  Many 
castrators  of  fine  horses  now  use  an  anaes¬ 
thetic  ;  if  the  owner  is  willing  to  pay  for 
It  and  the  extra  help  required.  There  is 
the  rub  !  It  costs  money  and  time  to  put 
animals  under  the  influence  of  anaesthetics 
and  it  is  done  at  considerable  risk  of  life; 
therefore  men  object  and  so  many  a  poor 
beast  has  to  suffer.  Let  us  hope  that  the 
suffering  may  be  made  as  slight  as  possi¬ 
ble  and  short  in  duration.  a.  s.  a. 


Stimulating  Milk  Flow. 

I  have  a  Jersey  cow  about  10  years  old. 
She  -was  fresh  October  7,  but  made  no  bag 
until  calf  was  three  days  old.  I  could  not 
dry  her  up.  She  gave  a  small  flow  of  milk 
up  to  three  days  before  calving.  She  was 
on  good  pasture  all  Summer.  For  the  last 
six  weeks  I  have  been  feeding  chopped  feed 
and  clover  hay.  She  has  ravenous  appetite 
and  apparently  in  good  health.  The  calf 
has  taken  all  the  milk  from  the  first,  and 
is  in  good  condition.  She  has  always  been 
a  heavy  milker,  and  we  have  got  from  two 
to  five  quarts  at  a  milking  besides  what  the 
calf  took.  Can  you  tell  me  how  to  increase 
the  milk?  E  B  s 

A\  ean  the  calf  and  milk  the  cow  three 
times  a  day.  Patiently  massage  the  udder 
when  occasion  offers  and  at  night  rub  well 
with  brandy.  See  that  her  bowels  are  kept 


acting  freely.  Twice  a  day  give  at  least 
one  quart  of  warm  flaxseed  tea,  adding  half 
a  cupful  of  black  strap  molasses.  If  this 
opens  the  bowels  too  much,  reduce  amount 
of  molasses.  If  milk  does  not  quickly  in¬ 
crease  add  to  the  drench  twice  daily  a  heap¬ 
ing  tablespoonful  of  a  mixture  of  equal 
parts  ground  anise  seed  and  fennel  seed. 
Feed  her  mixed  clover  hay,  silage,  bran, 
gluten  meal,  a  little  cornmeal  and  a  little 
dried  brewers’  grains.  Start  with  one  pound 
of  concentrated  food  per  100  pounds  live 
weight  and  increase  the  amount  as  milk 
flow  increases.  Keep  her  from  chill.  Take 
chill  off  drinking  water.  Keep  her  from 
lying  on  cold  grouud  or  floors.  a.  s.  a. 

Rheumatism. 

I  have  a  fine  heifer  10  months  old  which 
became  stiff  when  she  was  seven  months 
old ;  it  first  affected  her  hind  legs  but  later 
went  to  her  front  legs.  I  consulted  a 
veterinary  and  he  thought  it  was  due  to 
the  heat.  She  has  been  in  a  large  pas¬ 
ture  with  plenty  of  shade,  and  eats  and 
drinks  well,  but  does  not  seem  to  im¬ 
prove  any.  Will  you  tell  me  what  to  do 
and  what  ails  her?  d.  c. 

Wisconsin. 

It  seems  likely  that  rheumatism  maj 
be  the  cause  of  stiffness ;  but  the  heifer 
might  show  such  symptoms  from  rickets 
affecting  the  bones  or  from  tuberculosis, 
which  not  uncommonly  causes  stiffness. 
If  she  does  not  show  the  latter  disease  on 
being  tested  with  tuberculin,  try  effects  of 
salicylate  of  soda  given  in  one  dram  dose 
twice  daily  and  then  three  times  daily,  if 
found  necessary.  Stop  for  a  time  if  the 
medicine  impairs  the  appetite.  If  any  JolnJ 
is  enlarged  or  sore  paint  it  with  tincture 
of  iodine  two  or  three  times  a  week. 

a.  a.  a. 


Wart  on  Mule. 

We  have  a  mare  mule  developing  what 
seems  to  be  a  large  wart  on  the  inside  of 
the  left  hind  leg,  on  the  lower  thigh,  just 
high  enough  so  that  it  rubs  on  the  abdo¬ 
men  when  fighting  flies,  and  this  keeps  it 
raw  most  of  the  time.  What  can  we  do 
for  it?  The  wart  is  now  nearly  half  as 
large  as  a  man’s  fist.  T.  B. 

Mississippi. 

The  wart  should  be  cleanly  removed  by 
careful  dissection,  followed  by  cauteriza¬ 
tion.  If  this  cannot  be  done,  then  tie  a 
small  cord  very  tightly  around  its  base  and 
once  daily  paint  with  glacial  acetic  acid 
until  it  drops  off  or  withers  up.  a.  s.  a. 


These  Steel  Shingles 

Are  Guaranteed 


Against 

Lightning! 

We  stand  ready 
to  make  good 
this  olaim  with 
a  $10,000  guar¬ 
antee  bond. 


Edwards  Interlocking 
“REO”  Steel  Shingles 

are  stamped  tn  best  Bessemer  steel  and 
come  in  sheets  5  to  12  feet  long  and  24  inches 
wide.  Patent  interlocking  device  gives  abso¬ 
lutely  moisture-proof  seams,  which  will  not 
bulge  or  pull  apart. 

Easy  for  Anyone  to  Lay 

You  can  lay  Edwards  Interlocking  "Reo” 
Steel  Shingles  yourself  on  any  sort  of  roof. 
Hammer  only  tool  needed.  Can  be  laid  on 
rafter  boards  or  old  shingles.  Look  well 
on  building. 


Write  for  FREE  Catalog  No.  173 

We  are  the  largest  manufacturers  of  all 
kinds  of  iron  and  steel  roofing  and  sell  to 
you  at  lowest  prices.  Our  free  catalog  con¬ 
tains  valuable  information.  Send  dimensions 
of  your  building  and  we  will  quote  you  exact 
cost  of  a  "Reo”  Steel  Shingle  roof  delivered 
to  your  station. 

We  want  one  representative  in  every  com¬ 
munity  to  take  orders  for  Edwards  Inter¬ 
locking  "Reo”  Steel  Shingles.  Write  today. 

Th«  Edwards  Manufacturing  Co. 

123  173  Lock  St.  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

The  World's  Largest  Manufacturers  of  Steel 

Shingles,  Metal  Roofing,  Metal  Ceiling,  etc. 


AND  UPWARD 

SENT  ON  TRIAL 
FULLY 

GUARANTEED. 


^AMERICAN — 

SEPARATOR 

A  brand  new,  well  made,  easy  running,  easily 
cleaned,  perfect  skimming  separator  for  $15.95. 
Skims  warm  or  cold  milk.  Makes  thick  or  thin 
cream.  Thousands  in  use  giving  splendid  satis¬ 
faction.  Different  from  this  picture  which  illus¬ 
trates  our  large  capacity  machines.  The  bowl 
is  a  sanitary  marvel  and  embodies  all  our  latest 
improvements.  Our  richly  illustrated  catalog 
tells  all  about  it.  Our  wonderfully  low  prices  on 
all  sizes  and  generous  terms  of  trial  will  astonish 
you.  We  sell  direct  to  user.  No  agents.  Our 
guarantee  protects  you  on  every  American  Sepa¬ 
rator.  Western  orders  filled  from  Western  points. 
Whether  your  dairy  is  large  or  small,  get  our  great 
offer  and  handsome  free  catalog.  ADDRESS 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR 


BOX  1075 
BAINBRIDGE,  N.  Y. 


New  Home- Builders'  Plan  Book 
Keeps  Cost  Within  Estimates! 


NOT  “Theoretical”  Figures,  but  Actual  Cost  to  Build! 

I  Practical  Plan  Book  that  keeps  the  cost  of  new  homes 
within  the  original  estimates.  Doubtless  you  have  consulted  architects  or 

- • -  have  sent  for  some  of  the  many  Plan  Books 

that  aro  advertised  for  sale.  Have  you  ever 
tried  to  put  up  a  house  at  the  price  stated  in 
these  books?  If  so,  you  have  learned  how  dis¬ 
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guards  the  home  builder.  It  shows  real 
awagjgv l  Photographs  and  Floor  Plans  of  Newest  Designs  =3 

Lumber  and  Millwork  for  this  ,n  "ouses 1 &  Bungalows  Costing  $600  to  $6,000  ^S.~7nd  Miii^Trk 
5-Room  Bungalow.  $868  Every  house  illustrated  in  it  has  been  actu-  al;.  7  p  u 
a,  ““ „  \ P  *  ally  built  at  the  figures  stated.  We  have  seen  11118  7-Koom  House,  $1,057 

andi  ihave  fj^lsbed  all  the  material  used.  We  want  this  book  to  be  in  the  hands  of 
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build  with  utmost  economy  and 
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TIlarlin 


12  GAUGE 


_  _  _  epeating  Shotgun 

Made  famous  by  its  dependability.  The  solid  top  and  side  ejection  keep  gases  and  powder  away  from  your  eyes; 
help  quick,  effective  repeat  shots.  Rain,  sleet,  snow  and  foreign  matter  can’t  ffet  into  the  action. 

The  mechanism  is  strong,  simple,  wear-resisting.  The  double  extractors  pull  any  shell  instantly ;  two  special  safety 
<* vices  prevent  accidental  discharge  while  action  is  unlocked,  and  an  automatic  recoil  block  makes  hang  fires  harmless 
Ail  Marlins  are  strongly  made  finely  balanced,  accurate,,  hard  hitting  guns,  and  are  the  quickest  and  easiest  to  take 
down  and  clean,  illustration  shows  Model  24  grade  A  12  gauge  ;  it  has  all  the  features  that  make  for  a  perfect  gun. 

Send  three  .tamp,  portage  today  for  our  136  TZe  Tttaefot  firearms  Co. 

page  catalog  describing  the  full  ///arlsn  line.  157  willow  Street  New  Haven 


Our  Factory  Price  and  Book  Prove  ▲  American  Harrow  Co., 

ran  •  MW  **  M  JAJ  M  wr  «  a  1637  Hastings  Street.  Detroit.  Mich. 

This  the  Biggest  1911  Value  in  a  Harrow 

w  w  *  -  Name . 

Toum . 

R.F.D . 

-  ,  .  .  s ,  .  .  .  ...  .  ,  - - sc  witn  us  whipping:  and  pounding  of  horses  and  neck-  "W 

weight  which  injures  the  team  just  when  you  need  it  most.  A  tongueless  disc  solves  the  problem,  saves  the  .  A.  State 

horses,  saves  time  and  work,  lets  you  work  closer  to  fences  because  no  pole  to  catch.  *•  *■  state. 

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Detroit-Amerfcan  Tongueless  Disc  Now 

Jsall  steel, which  means  no  breakage,  no  repairs  or  costly  delays  in  busy  season.  Light indra/f-strong as  a  harrow  can  TO 

be  made.  Entire  frame  and  front  trucks  are  steel.  Wide  tired  steel  wheels  do  not  cut  Into  soil.  Arched  axle  gives  good  /  -  * 

clearance.  Trucks  are  attached  to  frame  by  flexible  pivot  so  wheels  pass  over  uneven  places  without  ” 

disturbing  the  perfect  balance  of  frame.  Steel  discs  cut  to  uniform  depth.  Disc  sections  do  not 
Sr 1  together  in  center.  All  end  thrust  taken  up  by  Bard  Maple  Ring  Bearings.  Pipe  oilers. 

Steel  Separators  between  blades.  Long  blade  scrapers.  These  and  many  other  Detrolt-American 
advantages  are  shown  in  our  big  book.  Choice  or  16  sizes,  cutting  from  4  feet  to  10  feet  in  width. 

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Warehouses  in  Many  Cities  Insure  Prompt  Delivery. 


22 


January  7, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 

E.  G.  Lewis,  the  famous  feminine 
mesmerist,  complains  that  The  R. 
N.-Y.  misrepresents  his  high  and  noble 
aspirations,  so  we  think  it  may  be  well 
to  confine  ourselves  to  some  of  his  own 
conflicting  language  and  let  him  explain 
the  contradictions.  On  December  21,  in 
National  Daily,  he  said: 

For  some  time  past  the  subscription  list 
of  the  National  Daily  has  been  growing 
at  an  average  rate  of  5,000  new  subscrip¬ 
tions  per  day.  Nothing  like  it  was  ever 
before  known  in  journalism. 

On  December  G  in  the  same  paper  he 
said : 

Monday’s  mail  was  .  the  largest  single 
day’s  business  ever  received  by  the  League. 
It  had  already  reached  over  $20,000  by 
noon,  when  this  issue  of  the  daily  went  to 
press. 

During  the  same  time  St.  Louis  at¬ 
torneys  were  trying  to  collect  from 
Lewis  the  claims  of  some  of  our  sub¬ 
scribers  who  sent  him  their  hard-earned 
savings  years  ago  under  promises  of 
making  them  rich  from  the  profits.  To 
these  attorneys  he  wrote : 

The  mails  are  rotten.  We  are  not  get¬ 
ting  in  cash  enough  to  pay  running  ex¬ 
penses. 

Lewis  will  hardly  say  that  this  state¬ 
ment  misrepresents  him.  He  will  hardly 
bring  a  libel  suit  on  it,  because  he  knows 
that  it  is  his  own  language  in  black 
and  white.  Did  he  lie  to  the  noble 
women  who  are  sending  him  money  or 
to  the  attorneys  who  were  trying  to  get 
back  money  for  women  who  lost  their 
nobility  according  to  Lewis  when  they 
asked  him  to  return  the  money  they 
sent  him  years  ago  under  promises  that 
he  would  make  them  rich  ?  The  women, 
when  they  are  sending  him  money,  are 
noble,  generous  specimens  of  woman¬ 
hood  ;  when  they  ask  for  an  accounting 
of  it  or  demand  its  return,  they  become 
in  his  terms  traitors  and  detainers. 

John  A.  Weitzel,  of  the  Weitzel 
Novelty  Plating  Company,  Lancaster, 
Pa.,  was  recently  arrested  for  using  the 
mails  to  defraud. 

The  Live  Stock  Insurance  Company, 
Syracuse,  New  York,  have  had  two 
judgments  recently  docketed  against 
them  in  the  amount  of  $211.08.  They 
have  given  a  bill  of  sale  of  office  fur¬ 
niture  for  $125  to  Robert  Orely.  This 
for  the  information  of  several  inquirers 
previously  recorded. 

During  the  past  year  or  two  we  have 
had  many  inquiries  about  the  Aremu 
Mining  Company  and  the  South  Ameri¬ 
can  Gold  Company,  advertised  and  pro¬ 
moted  by  Gaylord  Wilshire  in  his  so¬ 
cialist  magazine.  These  people  seemed 
to  think  that  Mr.  Wilshire’s  securities 
must  be  an  exception  to  the  general 
class  of  paper  and  publisher's  securities 
that  we  have  advised  our  people  to  let 
alone.  Now  it  is  reported  that  these 
propositions  have  been  under  investi¬ 
gation  by  Federal  authorities  and  that 
the  public  has  contributed  some  $3,000,- 
000.  Mr.  Wilshire,  it  is  reported,  has 
taken  up  residence  abroad  and  is  not 
likely  to  be  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic 
for  some  time.  Bear  all  this  in  mind 
when  other  publishers  have  great  oppor¬ 
tunities  of  investment  for  the  dear 
reader.  One  by  one  the  publishers  who 
win  the  confidence  of  their  readers  only 
to  gather  in  for  their  own  purposes  the 
small  savings  of  the  poor,  add  their 
testimony  to  our  advice  to  let  such  pro¬ 
positions  alone. 

Will  you  please  inform  me  what  my 
prospects  are  of  making  100  per  cent  per 
year  on  my  investment  in  buying  land  in  a 
small  way,  land  situated  in  New  Mexico 
and  sold  by  the  Western  Irrigated  Land 
and  Orchai-d  Co.,  47  West  42d  Street,  New 
York  City?  Also  please  give  me  some  in¬ 
formation  in  regard  to  the  S.  Ranch,  Crys¬ 
tal  City,  Texas.  g.  r.  e. 

Vermont. 

The  prospects  of  realizing  100  per  cent 
profit  per  year  on  any  land  purchase  is 
to  the  prospect  of  losing  the  whole  in¬ 
vestment  about  in  the  proportion  of 
.000,001  for  the  profit  to  1,000,000  for 
the  total  loss.  This  would  be  one 
chance  of  the  profit  to  1,000,000,000,000 
chances  for  total  loss.  Most  well  in¬ 
formed  critics  would  say  our  estimate 
for  possible  profit  would  be  too  liberal, 
but  figuring  one  transaction  a  year,  the 
repeated  losses  will  probably  cure  most 
of  us  of  this  kind  of  investment  before 
reaching  the  limit  of  chances.  If  you 
have  any  money  to  invest  in  lands,  you 
will  find  a  more  profitable  investment 
in  Vermont  than  in  New  Mexico  or 
Texas.  If  you  were  a  resident  of  these 
sections  some  promoter  would  be  making 
you  tempting  propositions  for  invest¬ 
ments  in  New  England,  which  with 
your  present  information  does  not  ap¬ 
peal  to  you.  In  other  words,  promoters 
always  capitalize  the  want  of  informa¬ 
tion  or  ignorance  of  the  people  as  to  the 
schemes  they  promote.  Again  we  cau- 


THE  RURA.I>  NEW-YORKER 


tion:  Don’t  buy  land  anywhere  until 
you  have  examined  the  land  and  been 
informed  on  the  conditions  of  its  en¬ 
vironment. 

Good  Housekeeping  stock,  six  per  cent, 
certificate,  seven  per  cent,  shares  $50. 
International  Ed.  Pub.  Co.  stock,  shares  $50, 
shares  $10.  Phelps  Publishing  Co.  building 
seven  per  cent.  The  preferred  carries  one- 
half  share  common  stock.  International 
Textbook  Co.  stock,  $145  share.  10  per  cent. 
If  these  are  not  good  investments  what  are? 
I  have  a  little  to  invest  but  none  to  lose. 

New  York.  eeadeu. 

If  you  want  to  find  the  value  of  such 
paper  investments  just  ask  your  bank 
what  they  would  pay  you  for  them,  if 
you  now  owned  them.  No  experienced 
investor  would  put  his  money  into  such 
things  purely  as  an  investment.  The 
first  is  a  publishing  company  stock  with 
an  authorized  million  dollar  capital.  The 
company  simply  holds  title  to  the  publica¬ 
tion,  which  has  been  rented  to  another 
company  to  publish,  all  under  the  con¬ 
trol  of  Herbert  Myrick.  In  this  way 
the  stock  can  be  manipulated  so  as  to 
make  it  pay  dividends  high  or  low  or  not 
at  all,  just  as  policy  or  interest  dictates. 
If  you  accept  the  building  certificates  as 
a  mortgage  or  lien  on  a  building,  you 
will  not  get  what  you  expect.  In 
effect  they  are  notes,  partaking  some¬ 
thing  of  the  nature  of  a  contract,  and 
there  is  a  string  to  the  seven  per  cent  at 
that.  Lewis  would  call  them  “deben¬ 
tures.”  Suppose  you  lived  near  a  fac¬ 
tory  and  wanted  to  sell  culled  apples  to 
the  workingmen’s  families,  and  you 
would  like  to  borrow  some  of  their  sav¬ 
ings  at  the  same  time.  If  you  offer  them 
the  apples  they  will  compare  the  fruit 
with  apples  offered  by  other  growers, 
and  you  may  lose  the  sale.  If  you  ask 
them  to  loan  you  their  money  on  notes, 
they  are  likely  to  ask  you  for  security. 
Then  comes  your  genius  for  business 
and  frenzied  finance.  It  would  be  a 
good  stroke  to  borrow  the  money  and 
sell  the  apples  all  at  once.  So  you  print 
up  a  nice  piece  of  paper  and  call  it  a 
Barn  Certificate,  promise  to  pay  a  _  big 
rate  of  interest,  but  make  sure  that  it  is 
all  or  partly  payable  in  culled  apples,  and 
make  it  appear  an  object  to  continue  to 
buy  your  apples.  If,  without  your  say¬ 
ing  so  in  so  many  words,  they  get  the 
notion  that  the  certificate  is  a  lien  on  the 
barn,  it  will  only  make  them  the  more 
willing  to  have  them,  and  if  the  barn  is 
really  in  your  wife’s  name  so  much  the 
safer — for  you.  Such  things  work  out  all 
right  for  one  party  to  the  contract;  but 
be  careful  that  you  are  not  put  in  the 
position  of  the  factory  workman.  Your 
children  may  learn  to  like  good  apples. 

In  previous  issues  we  have  referred  to 
the  other  investments.  When  you  part 
with  your  money  for  an  investment,  see 
that  you  get  something  in  exchange  for 
it  that  has  a  ready  market  value  and  no 
strings  to  its  income.  That  is  a  rule  for 
a  good  investment.  J.  J.  d. 


A  Money  Making  Book 
About  Money  Making 
Poultry — F  REE 


Write  today 
for  "Money  Mak-  . 
ing  Poultry,”  the 
newest  and  best  Poul¬ 
try  book  published.  Tells 
you  how  to  get  more  eggs— 
better  quality  fowl  for  market 
—how  to  judge  and  select 
breeds— how  to  improve  stock 
—everything  necessary  to  make 
a  success  of  a  big  poultry  farm 
or  small  flock. 

If  it  it  a  Barred  Rock,  Ask 
if  it  is  Pittsfield  Strain 

“Money  Making  Poultry"  was 
prepared  by  F.  W.  Briggs, 
America’s  leading  poultryman, 
whose  breed  in  Maine  Barred 
Rocks  are  known  everywhere. 

It  tells  how  he  cares  for  his 
flocks  on  the  Pittsfield  farm 
and  how  he  produceswinners. 

Breeding  and  utility  stock, 
day  old  chicks,  and  eggs 
for  hatching.  Write  to¬ 
day. 

Pittsfield  Poultry 
Farm  Co. 

416  Main  St. 

Pittsfield, 

Maine. 


GUAY’S  SILVER  QUILL  White  Rocks,  White 
Wyandottes,  White  Holland  Turkeys  and 
Berkshire  Pigs  at  bargain  prices.  GROVF.LAND 
STOCK  FARM,  Box  A,  Groveland,  New  York. 

Silver  Spangled  Hamburg,  COCKERELS 
White  Crested  Black  faph 

Polish  and  Brown  Leghorn  -plug  moh 
AUSTIN  JACKSON,  Mineral  Springs.  N.  V. 

I)  n  EGGS  $1 .00 — T /eading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
L  U  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Large  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 

Mf  Dloaeant  Parm~A  Breeding  Establish- 

lYlli  riOdoulll  I  Q I  III  ment  of  250  acres,  de¬ 
voted  to  developing  under  ideal  conditions  the  best 

—  S.C.W.  LEGHORNS 

We  solicit  inquiries  from  those  in  need  of  new 
blood  or  foundation  stock.  Spring  orders  for  Eggs 
and  Chicks  now  being  booked.  Splendid  Cockerels 
cheap  during  December.  MT.  PLEASANT  FARM, 
Box  Y,  Havre  de  Grace,  Maryland, 


THE  SURE  HATCH 
IS  MADE  RIGHT 


Uncle  Sam  never  says  how  a  thing  ought  to  be  made  until  he 
knows.  Farmer’s  Bulletin  No.  236 of  the  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agricul¬ 
ture  tells  the  right  way  to  make  an  incubator  and  what  features  a 
good  incubator  must  possess.  The  Sure  Hatch  contains  every  one 
of  those  features  and  is  made  exactly  as  Uncle  Sam  says  an  incuba¬ 
tor  ought  to  be  made.  The  _ _ 

Sure  Ha.tch  Incubator 

is  the  only  one  on  the  market  that  unquajifiedly  meets  every  requirement 
of  the  government.  It’sthc  one  perfect  incubator. 

We  will  send  you  a  Sure  Hatch  for  a  60  DAY 
FREE  TRIAL,  pay  the  freight,  and  refund  your 
mcney  if  you  are  not  satisfied. 

Send  for  Farmer’s  Bulletin  No.  236,  sent  free  by  the 
Government.  Send  also  for  the  Free  Sure  Hatch  Book. 

Read  the  Government  requirements  of  a  good  incubator, 
then  read  the  description  of  the  Sure  Hatch  Incubator 
and  you  will  see  why  we  guarantee  the  Sure  Hatch 
to  hatch  every  fertile  egg. 

Write  for  catalog.  Early  chicks  pay  best.. 

Sure  Hatch  Incubator  Co., 

Box  44,  Fremont,  Neb. 


Poultry  EXPERTS 

SAY 


This  is  tho 

Most  Practical 
Helpful  Book  on 
Poultry  Raising 
Published 


We  sent  a  copy 
to  every  promi¬ 
nent  poultry- 
man,  requesting 
each  to  write  us 
their  candid  opinion  about  it.  Here  is  just 
one.  We  have  dozens  more  equally  as  strong: 

Storrs  (Conn.)  Agri.  Exp.  Station 
Gentlemen I  have  just  examined  your  new  catalogue. 
This  is  one  of  the  best  things  of  the  kind  I  have  seen. 
You  are  to  be  congratulated  upon  the  high  character  oi 
this  publication.  L.  A.  CLINTON,  Director. 

It  is  a  book  that  either  the  beginner  or  the 
experienced  poultryman  will  find  of  vital 
interest,  because  it  contains  the  actual  ex¬ 
perience  of  the  most  successful  poultrymen. 

YOU  WANT  THIS  BOOK 

ITfC  rnm  Write  a  Post  Card 
II  w  ■  Htt  ■  for  a  Copy  TODAY 

As  one  illustration  of  its  valuable  contents 
there’s  a  letter  from  a  man  who,  with  the  help 
of  his  son, cleared  $12,000  last  year  raising  poul¬ 
try.  Four  years  ago  he  had  no  experience.  It 
tells  how  to  make  money  on  the  ordinary  farm 
with  poultry  —  how  to  make  money  raising 
ducks— how  to  select  layers— what  breeds  are 
best  for  different  purposes  —  bow  to  feed, 
breed,  rear  and  hatch  profitably  and  econom- 
|  ically — how  to  overcome  disease  and  a  hun¬ 
dred  and  one  other  important  things.  It 
describes  the  i»ii  Sand  Tray 

PRAIRIE 
STATE 

Incubators 
<&  Brooders 

tphich  are  revelations  In 
rtificial  incubation  machin¬ 
ery.  Not  built  on  theories, 

. __  _  _  but  on  experiences  that  have 

proven  successful  and  profitable.  You  want  to  read  about 
and  investigate  this  season’s  Prairie  State  machines  before 
you  buy.  Send  for  this  book  and  get  the  most  valuable  poultry 
raising  information  that 
has  been  published.  The 
edition  is  going  fast. 

Send  at  once  to  insure 
getting  a  copy  promptly. 

Prairie  State  Incubator  Co. 

406  Main  St.  Homer  City,  Pa. 


, ,  ,  y  - , 

!  .<  rrs  -,-v  , 


Hr 


BUCKEYE $ 

50  EGG  | 

INCUBATOR 


6 


Poultry  the  Best  Paying 
Branch  of  Farming 


The  1911  catalog  by  Robert  H.  Essex, 
poultry  and  iucubator  export, 
will  start  you  right.  Improved  incu¬ 
bators  and  brood ers.  Read  *  .Why 
Some  Succeed  Where  others  1 *  ail. 

ROBERT  ESSEX  INCUBATOR  CO. 

84  Henry  St.,  Buffalo.  N.  T. 


125  Egg  Incubator 
and  Brooder  BVor©iU 


I  If  ordered  together  we  send 
'both  for  $10.  Freight 
1  paid  east  of  ltockies.  Hot 
water,  copper  tanks,  double  walls, 
double  glass  doors.  Free  catalog 
describes  them.  Send  for  it  today. 

Wisconsin  Incubator  Co.. 

Box  118,  Racine,  WIs. 


Hatch  After  Hatch 


Write  today  for  our  Big  FREE 
Book  about  the  World’s  Greatest 
Guaranteed  Continuous  Hatchers 
rVDUCDC  Incubators 
If  I  r  HunO  and  Brooders 
Get  your  share  of  billion  dollars 
poultry  money  in  1911.  Guide 
Book  free— write  for  it  today. 

Cypher.  Inenbator  Co.,  Dept.  38 

Buffalo,  N.  Y..  New  Yolk  City,  Chicago,  IIL 
Boston,  Mass..  KansMCi^1 Mo^«OAkl>ndjC&l. 


_  •'STANDARD  i 
,  ^CYPHERS  INCUBATOR. 1 

fir*  PisoWrlnsursbJst 


MAKE  HENS  LAY 

By  feeding  raw  bone.  Its  egg-producing  value  Is  four 
times  that  of  grain.  Eggs  more  fertile,  chicks  moro 
vigorous,  broilers  earlier,  fowls  heavier.) 
profits  larger. 

MANN’S  L£ToEo!I  Bone  Cutter 

Cuts  all  bone  with  adhering  meat  and 
gristle.  Neverclogs.  10  Days’ Free  Trial. 

No  money  In  advance. 

Send  Today  lor  Free  Book. 

F.  W.  Mann  Co.,  Box  15,  Milford,  Mass. 


MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  18U 
R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 


Greider’s  Fine  Catalogue 

of  pure  bred  poultry,  for  1911,  over  200 
pages,  57  colored  pictures  of  fowls,  calen¬ 
dar  for  each  month,  illustrations,  descrip¬ 
tions,  photos,  incubators,  brooders,  and 
all  details  concerning  the  business,  where 
and  how  to  buy  fine  poultry,  eggs  for 
hatching,  supplies,  etc.,  at  lowest  cost. 
Send  15c.  B.  H.  Greioer,  BOX  58 .  Rheems.  Pa, 


LARGE  TOULOUSE  GEESE.  White  Holland  Turkeys  and 
White  Wyandotte  Cockerels  for  sale.  Prices  low 
for  quality.  E.  SCHIEBER,  R.  2,  Bucyrus,  Ohio, 


W.  H,  TURKEYS 


MBS.  B.F.  WRIGHT, 
Kansomville,  N.  Y. 


kUREBRED  WHITE  HOLLAND  TURKEYS. 

MRS.  E.  J.  RIDER,  Rodman,  New  York. 


FOB  SALE-MAMMOTH  BRONZE  TURKEYS 

One-quarter  wild  blood.  Toms  weighing  from  20 
to  24  lbs.,  Hens  from  12  to  14.  Toms  $7.00,  Hens  $5.00. 
MRS.  JOHN  H.  JANNEY,  Brookeville,  Maryland. 


Pure  Bred  Bronze  Turkeys 

From  Prize-winning  Strains.  Stamp. 

MRS.  HARRIET  CHUM  BLEY,  Draper,  Va. 


Simple,  self-regulating,  complete. 
Guaranteed  to  hatch  every  hatchablo 
egg.  Sold  on  40  days  trial  with  money 
back  in  case  of  failure.  150,000  in  use. 
If  your  dealer  doesn’t  keep  them  write  to  us.  We’ll  send 
you  our  catalogue  and  two  books,  “Making  Money  the 
Buckeye  Way”  and  "51  Chicks  from  50  Eggs,”  Free. 

THE  BUCKEYE  INCUBATOR  CO.,  508  W.  Eusiid  Avenue.  Springlleld,  Ohio. 

Builders  of  Buckeye  Portable  Poultry  Houses 
Sold  Cheaper  Than  You  Can  Build  Thom. 


Tiir  PEICRRATCn  HUNGARIAN  AND  ENGLISH 
IHt  UtLtBnAICU  PARTRIDGES  AND  PHEASANTS 

Wild  turkeys,  quails,  rabbits,  deer,  etc.,  for  stock¬ 
ing  purposes.  Fancy  pheasants,  peafowl,  cranes, 
swans,  storks,  ornamental  geese  and  ducks,  foxes, 
sauirrels,  ferrets,  and  all  kinds  of  birds  and  ani¬ 
mals.  WENZ  &  MACKENSEN.  Dept.  10,  Pheas- 
antry  and  Game  Park,  Yardley,  Pa. 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS— Quality 
Kind,  Famous  Lakewood  Strain,  Young  and  old 
stock  for  sale:  Hatching  eggs  for  early  delivery 
SUNNY  HILL,  FARM.  Flemington,  New  Jersey. 


Free  Poultry  Catalogue 

EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS  MARIETTA  PA. 


T 


HE  FARMER’S  FOWL-Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
i.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland.  N.  Y. 


free 


ennn  BROWN  and  White  Leghorn  Hens;  Giant  Bronze 
OUUU  and  White  Holland  Turkeys.  Bred  for  heavy 
winter  layers.  Numbers  to  suit.  Prices  reasonable. 

THE  AMERICAN  POULTRY  PLANT,  Collins,  Ohio 


R.  G.  Rhode  Island  Reds  and  Indian  Runner 

flnnl/e— Strong,  vigorous  strains  for  utility,  show 
Ulluno  and  export.  All  stock  sold  on  approval 

SINCLAIR  SMITH,  602  Fifth  Street,  Brooklyn,  New  York. 


Baby  Chicks  10c  Eaclrs?™K  'ffi?ThK2t£! 

born.  Can  furnish  in  any  number  I  am  booking 
orders  for  early  deliveries.  Circular  free.  CHAS.  R. 
STONE,  Baby  Chicken  Farm,  StaatsburQ-on-Hudson.  N.  Y. 

S.  C.  Rhode  Island  Reds  at  the  Horseshoe 
Road  Poultry  Farm 

erels.  Write  for  prices.  WM.  R.  BURKHOLDER. 
Box  152,  It.  5,  Lancaster,  Pa. 


Tr8BLATN  S,  C,  W.  LEGHORN 


FAMOUS  LAY¬ 
ING  STRAIN  w.  w.  ...  - 

Breeding  Hens  at  low  price  to  make  room.  Also 
promising  Cockerels  cheap  in  quantities. 

8T.  MORITZ  FARM,  RAMSEY,  N.  J. 


DIICC  DHPtf  PULLETS  and  COCKERELS, 
DU  IT  llUlm  hen  hatched,  large,  healthy  and 
vigorous.  Address  THE  FOUR  ACRES,  Nutley ,  N.J. 


RICHLAND  FARMS,  Frederick,  Md. 

S.  C.  WHITE  VE™ORNSmouth 

S.  C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS 

Now  is  the  time  to  place  your  order  for 
HATCHING  EGGS  and  DAY  OLD  CHICKS 
Six  hundred  and  sixty-two  acres  devoted  to  the  three 
breeds.  All  breeding  stock  have  free  range.  No  orders 
too  small  or  too  large. 

BREEDERS  FOR  SALE 


UfUITC  I  CGUnDIIC  We  will  have  somo 
VYnllL  Ltununno  promising  April 


AND 


promising  April 
hatched  Single  Comb 
White  Leghorn  cock- 

PEKIN  DUCKS  St  “Sirs? 

hatch  Barred  Rock  cockerels  sired  by  10  pound 
cocks  for  $3.00  and  $5.00  each.  Remember  our 
strain  of  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks,  Madison  Square 
Garden  Blue  Ribbon  Winners,  is  second  to  none. 
Have  1,000  now  to  select  from.  Orders  hooked  for 
early  delivery  of  hatching  eggs  in  any  quantity  or 
day  old  chicks  and  ducklings.  Cyphers  agents.  Incu¬ 
bator  10,000  egg  capacity.  Correspondence  invited. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.  The  only  large  successful 
plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City.  Bonnie 
Brae  Poultry  Earm.  New  Rochelle,  N.  i. 


1911. 


23 


The  kuk-A-u  new-yorkeh 


CONTENTS 

FARM  TOPICS. 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  January  7,  1911. 

A  Kentucky  Feed  Barn . 1,  2 

Prices  for  Eastern  Farmers . 2 

Chemical  Fertilizers . . 2 

Crops  on  an  Abandoned  Pennsylvania 

Farm  . 3 

A  One-horse  Farmer’s  Vetch .  3 

1  developing  a  Grass  Farm .  4 

The  Sunflower  Crop .  4 

Bulk  or  Quality  in  Silage . 5 

Changeable  Rotation . 7 

A  Study  of  Soils . 7 

Arguments  for  Ground  Limestone,  Part 

II . 9 

That  Great  Potato  Crop . 9 

Hope  Farm  Notes . .*  . 10 

Corn  with  Potatoes . 18 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

Stock  Sheds  of  Straw . 16 

A  Woman’s  Hen  Business .  16 

The  Henyard . 17 

Yellow  Clover  for  Poultry . 17 

Preserving  Fish  for  Poultry . 17 

Alfalfa  for  Hens . 17 

Gapes  or  Pip . 17 

Turkeys  in  Washington . 17 

Lame  Horses . .18 

The  Cow  and  the  Man . ...18 

Milch  Cows  on  Rape..,, . 18 

Milk  . . . 19 

A  Milk  Ration . 20 

Another  Dairy  Ration. . . 20 

Farmers  and  Pure-bred  Cattle . 20 

The  Pain  of  Dishorning . 21 

Stimulating  Milk  Flow . 21 

Rheumatism  . 21 

Wart  on  Mule . 21 

HORTICULTURE. 

Cutting  Back  Peach  Trees .  4 

School  of  Box  Packing .  4 

The  Growing  Season .  5 

Apple  Questions . .  7 

Twenty  Ounce  Apple  in  Kansas . 11 

Leaves  on  the  Lawn . 11 

Peach  Growing  in  the  Berkshire  Hills...  11 
Greenhouse  Adjoining  Inveiling . 11 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day . 14 

Cleaning  Flues  With  Zinc . 14 

Painting  Pantry  Shelves . 14 

Washing  Heavy  Rugs . 14 

Baked  Apple  Pudding . 14 

The  Rural  Patterns .  15 

More  About  Samp . 15 

A  Batch  of  Griddle  Cakes . 15 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Contracts  and  Promises .  2 

Postage  in  England  and  Canada .  2 

The  Marketman’s  Side .  2 

Protection  from  Electric  Wires .  3 

Legislation  in  the  Bashful  State .  4 

Crops  and  Prices .  6 

Successful  Co-operation .  6 

Rust-Resisting  Iron .  7 

Products,  Prices  and  Trade . 8 

Editorials  . 12 

Other  People’s  Money . 13 

Events  of  the  Week.! . 13 

“Careful  Consideration”  Congressman 

Gets  nis . 18 

Imitation  Asphalt,  Cement  and  Coal  Tar.  18 

Publisher’s  Desk .  22 


MARKETS 


HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS. 
Cucumbers,  best,  doz..  1.75  ®  2.00 

MusQrooms,  lb . 20  ®  .35 

Radishes,  1U0  bunches.  2.50  @  3.00 
Tomatoes,  lb . 15  ®  .40 

DRESSED  POULTRY 


Chickens,  roasting  ... 
Common  to  Good . . . 


Guineas,  spring,  pair.. 


BUTTER 


Wholesale 

Retail 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb. 

. .  .30 

& 

.31 

.33^3) 

.35 

Good  to  Choice. . . . 

. . .  .26 

@ 

.29 

30 

.32 

Lower  Grades  _ 

@ 

.25 

24® 

.28 

Storage . 

@ 

.31 

State  Dairy,  best _ 

® 

.29 

.30® 

.32 

Common  to  Good.. 

..  .23 

® 

.26 

.25® 

.28 

Factory . . 

...  .22 

® 

.24 

.24® 

.26 

Packing  Stock . 

@ 

.20 

CHEESE 

Full  Cream,  best.... 

@ 

.17 

•17@ 

.20 

Common  to  Good  .... 

..  .12 

® 

.13 

.14® 

.16 

Skims . . 

@ 

.12 

.10® 

.14 

EGGS 

White,  good  to  choice.  .43 

® 

.46 

.45@ 

.50 

Mixed  Colors,  best.. 

...  .38 

® 

.42 

.42 

-45 

Common  to  Good.. 

..  .25 

® 

212 

.30®  .40 

Storage . 

..  .18 

@ 

.25 

BEANS 

Marrow,  bu . 

..  2.30 

@  2.35 

qt 

.15 

Medium . 

...  2.16 

® 

2.20 

Pea . 

@ 

2.20 

qt 

.15 

Yellow  Eye . 

..  2.15 

® 

2.20 

Red  Kidney . 

..  2.90 

® 

2.95 

WhiteKklney . 

..  3.10 

®  3.15 

CIDER  VINEGAR 
Prices  charged  in  N.Y. 
by  wholesale  dealers 
for  single  barrellots: 

Extra  Choice  Old,  gal.  .22  ®  224 
Standard  Grade . 13  @  .15 

DRIED  FRUITS 
Apples,  evap.  fancy...  .12  ®  13 

Evap.,  com.  to  good.  .06  @  .11 

Sun  Dried . 05  @  .07 

Raspberries . 28  @  .30 

Cherries . 15  ®  .18 

_ FRESH  FRUITS 

Apples,  Ben  Davis,  bbl  2.00  ®  4.00 

King .  2.00  ®  4.75 

Greening .  2.00  ®  5.50 

York  Imperial .  3.00  ®  4.75 

Baldwin .  2.00  @  4.50 

Western,  box .  1.25  @  2.25 

Cranberries,  bbl .  7.00  @10.00 

Pears,  Kieffer,  bbl .  1.50  ®  3.50 

Strawberries,  Cal.,  pt..  .25  ®  .45 
Florida,  qt. . 75  ®  .90 

VEGETABLES 

Potatoes, 

N.  Y.  State,  180  lbs..  1.37  @  1.62 
Long  Island.  180  lbs..  1.50  ®  2.00 

Bermuda,  bbl .  4.00  ®  5.00 

Maine . . .  1.40  ®  1.60 

Sweet.  Jersey,  bbl. ..  1.00  @  2.75 
Anise,  Southern,  bbl..  3.00  @  3.50 
Brussels  Sprouts,  qt...  .10  @  .18 
Beets,  Southern,  bbl..  3.00  ® 

Carrots,  bbl .  1.00  ®  1.50 

Southern,  bbl .  2.50  ®  3.00 

Cabbage,  ton .  12.00  ®14.00 


.15®  .17 
.09®  .13 


Celery,  doz . 

.25 

.60 

Chicory,  bbl . 

2.25 

(4 

4.00 

EscaroT,  bbl . 

.  .  .  , 

3.00 

® 

4.00 

Endive.  French,  lb 

.15 

® 

Cauliflowers,  bbl.. 

2.00 

® 

7.00 

Kale,  bbl . 

.90 

® 

1.00 

Kohlrabi,  South’n. 

bbl. 

4.00 

® 

5.00 

Lettuce,  5^-bbl.  bkt 

1.25 

® 

3.50 

Peppers,  Southern, 

bu. 

3.00 

® 

7.00 

Onions,  OrangeCo., 

bag 

1.50 

® 

2.25 

Conn.  White- bbl 

2.50 

® 

4.00 

White  pickle,  bu. 

.75 

® 

1.00 

Peas.  Fla.,  bu . 

® 

9.00 

Komaine,  South’n, 

bbl. 

3.00 

® 

4.50 

String  Beans,  bu. . . 

2.00 

9.00 

Spinach,  bbl . 

® 

4.00 

Squasn.  bbl . 

1.00 

® 

1.75 

Turnips.  Rutabaga, 

bbl 

.75 

® 

1.15 

White,  bbl . 

.  . .  V 

1.00 

® 

1.75 

each  .03®  .05 


.21 

® 

.22 

.23®  .26 

.16 

® 

.20 

.18®  .23 

.17 

® 

.18 

■19@  .22 

.13 

@ 

.16 

•15@  .18 

.23 

® 

.25 

12 

@ 

.15 

15®  .18 

.12 

® 

.17 

.14 

@ 

.17 

.16®  .20 

-  2.00 

® 

4.25 

.65 

@ 

1.10 

•  UESSED  MEATS 

.12 

@ 

.12^ 

.08 

® 

.10 

5.00 

® 

7.00 

•to  h>® 

.11 

.99 

® 

.10 

.14 

@ 

.17 

Roasting  Pigs,  lb... 

HAY  AND  STRAW 
Quotations  for  large  bales. 

Small  bales  sell  50  cents  to  SI. 00 
per  ton  less. 

Hay,  No.  1,  ton . 21.00  ®  22.00 

No.  2 . 19.00  ®  20.00 

No.  3 . 16.00  ®  18.00 

Clover  Mixed . 13.00  ®  19  00 

Clover . 12.00  ®  17.00 

Wild  Hay . 9.00  ®  10.00 

8traw,  Rye . 10.00  ®  11.00 

Oat  and  Wheat .  8.00  ®  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK. 

Prices  given  are  for  top  market  grades  per  100 
pounds  in  the  markets  named. 

f  Oalveg 

Steel's.  Best.  Poor.  Sheep.Lambs.Hogs 

New  York .  6.65  10.50  6.00  4.00  6.60  8.40 

Buffalo .  6.75  10.50  7.00  4.00  6.00  8.30 

Pittsburgh .  6.40  9  00  4.25  6225  8.25 

Cincinnati .  5.75  .  3.75  6.00  8 10 

Chicago .  7.25  8.00  6.50  4.40  6.60  7.75 

Kansas  City  ....  6.50  8.25  5.00  4.00  6.25  7.56 

GRAINS. 

The  prices  given  are  for  large  sales  of  No.  2 
quality  in  the  cities  named: 

-Wheat.' 


Hard 

Win- 

Bar- 

Spring. 

ter. 

Corn. 

Oats. 

Rye. 

ley. 

New  York.... 

.$1.16 

.98 

.52 

.38 

.81 

.90 

Boston . 

•  •  • 

56 

.40 

Philadelphia. 

.  .  , 

.95 

.50 

Baltimore. . . . 

.96 

.50 

Buffalo . 

.  1.10 

.95 

.50 

.35 

.88 

Chicago . 

.  1.02 

.94 

.46 

.31 

.80 

.75 

Minneapolis  . 

.  1.01 

.42 

.29 

.76 

.80 

Duluth . 

.  1.01 

.31 

.74 

.76 

Kansas  City. 

.  .  • 

.96 

.46 

Winnipeg  . . . . 

.  .90 

.. 

•  • 

•  • 

•  • 

•  • 

$7|0  or  $50®2 

For  a  Cream 
Separator— Which  ?  A 

SHARPLES 

Tubular 

Cream  Separator 

will  run  for  ten  years  and  then 
be  a  good,  serviceable  machine 
for  many  more  years.  A  stand¬ 
ard  size  of  Tubular  separator 
costs  $75-00,  or  $7. 50  per  year  for 
ten  years,  and  you  will  still  have 
a  good  separator  left 
You  can  buy  a  (so 
called)  cheap  sepa¬ 
rator  for  $50.00,  the 
average  of  life  of 
which  is  one  year. 
You  can  buy  another 
the  next  year, 
and  so  on  until 
you  have  spent 
$500.00  in  ten  years ; — 
$50.00  per  year.  Which 
do  you  want  ?  You  can 
own  and  use  a  Sharpies 
Tubular  Cream  Separator 

for  less  than  any  other 
separator  built.  We 
guarantee  it.  Shall 
we  tell  you  how  ? 

Write  for 
1911  Cata¬ 
logue  No. 
*53. 


30 


THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO. 

WEST  CHESTER,  PA. 

Chicago,  III.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Portland,  Ora. 
Toronto,  Can.  Winnipeg,  Can. 


MONTROSS  METAL  SHINGLES 

Wear  three  times  as  long  as  wood  shingles  and 
composition  roofings.  Fireproof.  Ornamental.  In- 
, extensive.  Catalog.  Montross  Co.,  Camden, N.J 

IRH  FlirmCFOR  SALE  <IHEAP,  in  fertile 
IUU  I  Cl  I  111  O  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 

and  map  free.  Horace  G.  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa. 

TJICK 

Highest  Grade— Sanitary 

Not  a  particle  of  wood  about  them. 
Quick  to  open  — Quick  to  close  — 
Quick  to  please — Quick  shipments. 
Ask  for  1910  Catalogue. 

_ BOWEN  &  QUICK,  Mfry.  Auburn.  N.Y. 

THE  PERCHERON  SOCIETY  OF  AMERICA 

Has  just  increased  its  capital  stock  to 
$100,000.  10,000  shares  of  $10  each.  3,000 

shareholders.  Nov.  28,  1910.  100  breeders 

have  taken  membership  since  Dec.  1st. 
Ninety-five  per  cent  of  the  Percheron 
breeders  of  America  record  with  the 
Percheron  Society.  «  *  »  *  » 

Information  pertaining  Fercherons  -f  urnished.  Address 

WAYNE  DINSMORE,  Secretary, 
Union  Stock  Yards,  Chicago,  Ill. 

FOR  SALE— Finest  Orchard  in  Best  Apple  Section— 7,000 

trees.  George  Wharton,  Cruso,  Haywood  Co.,  N.  C. 

Boston  Produce  Go. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.,  -  Boston. 


DE  LAVAL 

Cream  Separators 

/87S-/9// 

Over  30  Y ears  of  Cream 
Separator  Leadership 

The  first  successful  cream  separator  was  perfected  and 
patented  by  Dr.  De  Laval  in  1878. 

The  DE  LAVAL  was  the  pioneer.  It  was  first  in  the 
field  and  for  over  thirty  years  it  has 
maintained  its  leadership  against 
any  and  all  comers. 

The  DE  LAVAL  has  always  been 
the  acknowledged  leader  in  making 
cream  separator  improvements,  its 
development  has  revolutionized  the 
dairy  business  and  done  more  than 
anything  else  to  make  dairying 
profitable. 

So  completely  is  the  superiority 
of  the  DE  LAVAL  recognized  by 
creamerymen  and  those  who  make  the  separation  of 
cream  and  making  of  butter  a  business,  that  98%  OF 
THE  WORLD’S  CREAMERIES  USE  THE  DEL  AVAL 
TO  THE  EXCLUSION  OF  ALL  OTHER  MAKES. 

In  cleanness  of  skimming,  quality  of  cream  separated, 
ease  of  operation,  simplicity  of  construction  and  dura¬ 
bility  the  DE  LAVAL  is  in  a  class  all  by  itself. 

The  more  you  know  about  cream  separators  the  more 
you  will  appreciate  its  superiority,  and  whether  or  not 
you  start  with  one  SOOXER  OR  LATER  YOU  AVI LL 
BUY  A  DE  LAVAL. 

The  De  Laval  Separator  Co. 


165-167  Broadway 
NEW  YORK 


42  E. 


Madison  Street 
CHICAGO 


Orumm  &  Sacramento  Sts 
SAN  FRANCISCO 


178-177  William  Street 
MONTREAL 


14  &  16  Princess  Strset 
WINNIPEG 


1016  Western  Avenue 
SEATTLE 


WANTED— A  working  farm  foreman  about  March  10 
who  has  had  practical  experience  with  poultry 
and  frnit  farming.  Married  man,  no  children,  wife 
to  do  housework.  Write  fully  as  to  experience, 
age  and  references,  stating  wages  expected.  Farm 
located  22  miles  from  New  York  on  Erie  Railroad. 
H.  A.  BENNETT,  Bluffton,  Indiana. 


TT7  A  IVT'ETA — A  Partner  experienced  in  Truck 
A  Cl!  Farming.  I  will  furnish  land 
and  capital.  Address  "PARTNER,”  care  R.  N.-Y. 


WAMTPfl  agents  to  sell  farmers’  account  book. 

IlHlllLU  Rasy  to  sell.  Big  inducements.  Act 
Quick.  Address.  L.  R.  SYPHKRS.  Ft.  Wayne,  Ind. 


AWNLAN1)  FARM’S  White  and  Buff  Wyandottes, 
^  Indian  Runner  Ducks.  Famous  "Win  and  Lay” 
Strains.  All  stock  subject  to  approval.  Price-List. 

0WNLAN0  FARM,  Box  497,  South  Hammond,  New  York. 


Cav  Coin- Six  years’ issues  of  Rural  New-Yorker, 
rUI  udlC  1903  to  1908 — one  year  bound.  Address 
G.  Minnitt,  1339  Washingt’n St., Grand  Haven, Mtch. 

Carm  fftr  Pont  near  Salisbury,  Maryland.  For 
I  Q I  III  I U I  itwlll  lull  particulars  address  or  call 
On  SAMUEL  P.  WOODCOCK,  Salisbury,  Maryland. 

pnp  CAI  p—  FINE  Carolina  Plantation,  709 
lUn  OHLL  acres;  large  house,  three  barns; 
artesian  water.  Three  large  pear  orchards,  all  In 
bearing;  200  pecan  trees.  Near  Savannah,  Ga.; 
cheap.  Water  facilities  to  northern  markets. 
Will  sell  as  a  whole  or  in  smaller  farms.  For 
further  particulars  address  A.  H.  STODDARD,  JK., 
General  Delivery.  Savannah,  Ga. 


A  BEAUTIFUL  FARM  FOR  SALE  in  the  finest  fruit 
n  growing  and  trucking  section  in  tiie  world; 
fertile  soil  and  fine  climate:  also  a  beautiful  water 
front  farm  with  timber.  For  full  particulars  ad¬ 
dress  SAMUEL  P.  WOODCOCK,  Salisbury, 
Wicomico  County,  Maryland. 


LET  US  TAN 
YOUR  HIDE. 

Cattle  or  Horse  hide.  Calf,  Dog.  Deer, 
or  any  kind  of  skin  with  hair  or  fur  on. 

We  make  them  soft,  light,  odorless, 
wind,  moth  and  water  proof,  and  make 
them  into  coats  (for  men  or  women) 
robes,  rugs  or  gloves  when  so  ordered. 

Your  fur  goods  will  cost  you  less  than 
to  buy  them,  and  be  worth  more.  Send 
three  or  more  cow  or  horse  hides  in  one 
shipment  from  anywhere  east  of  Den¬ 
ver  and  we  pay  the  freight  both  ways. 

Get  our  illustrated  catalog  which 
gives  prices  of  tanning,  taxidermy  and 
head  mounting.  Also  prices  of  l'ur 
goods,  and  big  mounted  game  heads 
we  sell. 

The  Crosby  Frisian  Fur  Company, 

571  Lyell  Ave.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


TRAPPERS  AND  HUNTERS. 

Furs  are  high.  A  fact  which  you  are  all  probably  ac¬ 
quainted  with.  But  the  question  is.  Are  you  getting 
highest  market  value  for  yours  ?  Remember  we  do  not 
charge  any  commission;  pay  all  express  charges:  will 
hold  your  goods  separate  for  approval  of  our  valuation, 
when  requested,  and  if  not  satisfactory  will  return  and 
pay  all  charges.  Don’t  you  think  we  are  entitled  to  a 
trial  shipment  on  the  strength  of  the  foregoing ;  For 
further  information  write  for  our  free  price  list  and 
Trappers’  Guide.  Make  us  a  trial  shipment  today. 

Abrahams  Fur  8  Wool  Co.,  Fur  Merchants,  Seymour,  Wis. 


Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  8  CO.,  Com¬ 
mission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York. 

Dl.KASK  semi  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com- 
1  mission  House  in  New  York.  Kst.  1838.  Butter, 
Eggs.  Poultry.  Pork.  Calves.  Hay.  Grain.  Beans, 
Appies.  etc.  I'..  It.  WOODWAltli,  802  C.-eetmiel.  st.,  n.  y. 


Raw  Fur  Prices 

are  going  to  be  up  and  down  tlii<  winter.  Some 
heavy  stocks  carried  over  will  probably  affect  the 
market.  We  keep  our  shippers  posted  by  special 
bulletins  all  through  the  winter.  We  give  you  the 
top  price  because  we  post  you  about  the  rises  and 
falls.  Send  your  name  to  get  on  our  bulletin  list. 
Shipments  to  us  at  the  right  time  bring  best  money 
and  quickest  returns.  KANN  &  COMPANY. 
41  K.  10th  Street,  New  York  City. 


SHIP 

YOUR 

GEO 


PIGS  and  CALVES 

- TO - 

.  OLIVER  &  COMPANY 

Established  1850 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 
WEST  WASHINGTON  MARKET,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 

PROMPT  RETURNS 

Hnlidav  Poultry  Poultry,  Calves,  Hothouse 
nuiiudj  rouiiry  Lambs,  Fancv  Eggs 

Ship  to  W.  H.  COHEN  8  CO.,  229  Washinoton  St.,  New  York. 
GKO.  P.  HAMMOND.  EST.  1875.  FRANK  W.  GODWIN 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  CO., 

Commission  Merchants  and  Dealers  in  all  kinds  of 
COUNTRY  PRODUCE,  Appies,  Peaches,  Ber 
ries  Butter,  Eggs,  Cheese,  Poultry.  Mushrooms 
andHot-house  Products  a  Specialty.  Consignments 

solicited.  34  &  36  Little  12th  St..  New  York 


You  can  shove  ensilage  out  ofthe  unobstructed, 
continuous  door  front  of  a  ITnadillnSilolS  cents 
a  ton  cheaper  than  yon  can  pitch  it  up  3  to  C  fl. 
over  cross-bars  on  an  ordinary  silo. 

Unadilla  Silo  doors  shove  up — most  others 
push  In,  making  it  necessary  to  feed  to  the 
bottom  of  these  doors  before  they  can  be  opened. 
Non-breakable  lugs,  cold  rolled  over  threads  on 
end  of  steel  hoops — '4  stronger  than  ordinary 
cut  thread  hoops.  Write  for  25  Reasons  Why. 
Kxtra  discount  for  early  orders,  Agents  wanted. 
UNADILLA  SILO  CO.,  Rox  R,  I  rmdillu,  N.  Y. 


Good  Farms 


All  over  New  York  State. 

-  - Low  prices  and  reasonable 

terms.  First-class  markets.  Low  taxes.  Catalog 

free  to  buyers.  NORTHERN  REALTY  CO.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


24 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


January  7,  1911. 


A  Wonderful  Building  Offer 


Out  Great  1911  Price  Wrecking  Sale 

Brand  New  Lumber  and  Building  Material 


HOW  WE  OBTAIN 
OUR  SUPPLIES 

We  purchase  at  Sheriffs*,  Receivers  and 
Manufacturers’  Sales,  besides  owning  out¬ 
right  sawmills  and  lumber  yards.  Usually 
when  you  purchase  your  building  material 
elsewhere  for  the  complete  building  shown 
here,  it  will  cost  you  from  50  to  60  per  cent 
more  than  we  ask  for  it.  By  our  “direct  to 
you”  methods  we  eliminate  several  middle¬ 
men’s  profits.  We  can  prove  this  to  you. 

Write  L Is  For  Facto 


OUR  BINDING  GUARANTEE 

This  Company  has  a  capital  stock  and  surplus  of  over 
$1,000,000.  We  guarantee  absolute  satisfaction  in  every  detail. 
If  you  buy  any  material  from  us  not  as  represented,  we  will  take 
it  back  at  our  freight  expense  and  return  your  money.  We  rec¬ 
ognize  the  virtue  of  a  satisfied  customer.  We  will  in  every 
instance  “  Make  Good.”  Thousands  of  satisfied  customers  prove 
this.  Ask  any  Bank,  or  write  to  the  publishers  of  this  paper. 

Our  Responsibility  is  Unquestioned 

CHICAGO  HOUSE  WRECKING  COMPANY 


EVERY  STICK  OF  LUMBER 
IS  BRAND  NEW 

Our  stock  consists  of  Brand  New  Material 
and  any  statement  to  the  contrary  is  false  and 
purposely  misleading.  Get  our  Guaranteed 
Quotation,  delivered  Free  of  Freight  Charges 
at  your  home  station.  You  run  no  risk,  as 
every  item  is  guaranteed  to  be  exactly  as 
represented.  A  positive  saving  of  from  30 
to  50  per  cent  by  our  “ direct  to  you” 
methods.  Let  us  prove  this  to  you. 

Let  Us  Make  You  an  Estimate 


Steam  and  Hot  Water  Heating 

1  We  furnish  complete  Hot  Air,  Hot 
Water  and  Steam  Heating  Plants  of  every 
kind.  It  makes  no  difference  -s«  rr 

whether  it  is  an  old  or  a  new 
building,  we  can  furnish  ma¬ 
terial  at  real  “Wrecking 
Prices."  Our  Special  Heat- 
*  -  ing  Booklet,  which  we  send 
free  to  those  interested,  tells  all  the, 
facts  and  gives  much  valuable  inf or- 1 
mation.  Send  us  sketch  or  diagram  of 
your  building  or  home  and  we  will 
make  you  an  estimate. 

Steel  Roofing ,  Siding,  Ceiling 

Economical  and  easy  to  put  on,  no 
previous  experience  necessary ;  abso¬ 
lutely  guaranteed,  brand  new,  clean 
stock— bright  as  a  dollar.  Ik  inch 
corrugated,  unpainted  steel  sheets, 
light  weight, 22  in.  wide,  C  1QCJ 
6 and  8ft.  long.  100 sq.ft.. 

Painted,  same  as  above . $1.95 

lk  inch  corrugated,  galvanized, 
rust-proof  .steel  sheets,  light 
weight  22  to  24  in.  wide,  <£3.25 

2  to  7  ft.  long.  100  6q.  ft .  ,  „ 

freight  at  these  prices  to  all 

mlncdTrce?^ 

Mill  Work 

New  Material  Only 

We  have  on  hand  at  all  times 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  items  of  mill 
work  of  all  kinds.  Can  furnish  any¬ 
thing  from  a  single  item  of  adoor  to  a 
carload  of  mouldings.  The  stock  is 
hero  where  you  can  inspect  it  before 
purchasing.  We  are  prepared  to  fur¬ 
nish  complete  House  Bills  on  short 
notice.  Send  us  your  list  for  our  Est  i¬ 
mate  naming  you  delivered  prices. 

Following  are  some  of  our  low  prices. _ 

Front  Door.  2  feet  8  inches  by  6  feet  8 
inches  by  1%  inches.  No.  10B425  . $-.30 

Frame  forsame,  soft  pine.  No.  10A99.„r —  l.So 

Interior  Finish  forsame,  clear  yellow  pine.  ^ 

24x28,  2 -Light  Window,  glazed.  No;  10A7T-  1.05 
Frame  for  same,  soft  pine.  No.  10A100B.--  1.35 
Interior  trim  for  same,  clear  yellow  pine.  3Q 

Barn  SMlTIxioITfights  glazed.  No.  iOA86„  .45 
Thousands  of  Other  Bargains 

fli>  Pressure  Water  Works 

Modern  Air'Pressure 
Water  Supply  Systems 
at  prices  ranging  from 
$48.00  to  $200.  They  are 
strictly  new,  first  class 
and  complete  in  every 
detail.  It  makesnodif- 
ference  whether  you 
live  in  the  country,  you 
can  enjoy  every  city 
comfort  at  1  ittle  ex¬ 
pense.  Why  not  inves¬ 
tigate  this?  WTe  are 
ready  to  furnish  you 
with  all  the  facts  free 
of  charge.  All  material 
fully  guaranteed.  We 
also  have  a  complete 
stock  of  Pipe,  Valves 
and  Fittings  at  40  to60< 
saving.  Gasoline  en¬ 
gines  at  low  prices. 


Buys  the  Materia! 
to  Build  This  Barn 


Our  Joist  Frame 

Bam 


Rawhide  Rubber  Roofing 

Fire,  hail  and  weatherproof.  Not 
affected  by  heat  or  cold.  Recom¬ 
mended  by  fire  underwriters.  108 
ft.  to  a  roll,  with  large  headed 
nails  and  cement  for  laps.  Re¬ 
quires  no  coating  after  laying. 
Price  per  roll: 

1  Ply.  Guaranteed  6  years,  $1 .22 

2  Ply.  “  9  “  1.49 

3  Ply.  “  13  “  1-71 

Freight  paid  to  Illinois,  Indiana, 
Iowa,  Wisconsin,  Ohio  and  Michi¬ 
gan.  Write  for  delivered  price  to 
other  States  and  Roofing  Book. 
Samples  mailed  free. 


Roofing,  - - 

Purpose  Barn  ever  designed.  _  _  _ 

sidering  the  excellent  quality  of  the  material. 

This  Barn  was  planned  and  designed  with  great  care  to  use  all  material  to  the  best 
nna,i i,i,,  Advantage  and  without  waste.  Tills  means  economy  In  first  cost  and  labor. 

P  We  can  SUDDI?  tills' BtunS  in  six  different  sizes,  all  of  a  uniform  width  of  36  feet. 

Tlio  above  quotation  covers  a  Barn  36  feet  wide  by  48  feet  long  and  18  feet  high,  be¬ 
ing our  n£ 22L The Construction  Is  sound  and  solid,  of  Joist  Frame  Style,  easily  lmllt. 

«s  the  self-suDDorting  type.  No  posts  In  the  hayloft.  Ample  provision  Is  made 
for  light  and  vlntilaUon.  rhe  interior  Stable  plan  can  be  arranged  to  suit  the  individual 

mireliaser.  and  Is  not  included  in  our  price.  .  .  ,  . 

P  This  Barn  has  been  buUt  again  and  again  and  is  a  success  from  every  standpoint. 


&  6 


O 


W  1 


Blue  Print  Plans ,  $2 

For  $2.00  we  wilt  furnish  complete 
Blue  Print  Plans,  Specifications  and  Ma¬ 
terial  List  for  this  barn  or  any  House  or 
Barn  Plans  shown  in  our  Plan  Book, 
which  is  sent  you  free  for  the  asking. 
This  amount  Is  deducted  from  your  pur¬ 
chase  price.  Note  the  additional  sizes 
of  this  Barn  and  the  prices  at  which  we 
furnish  same. 


Send  Us  Your  Lumber 
Bill  for  Our  Freight 
Paid  Estimate 


Builders 9  Hardware 

Marvelous  opportunities  .to  save 
money  on  hardware  furnishings  for 
vour  homo.  Our  stock  consists  of 
Door  Locks,  Hinges,  Push  Plates, 
Window  Bolts,  Springs,  Hangers, 
Sish  Weights,  Sash  Pulleys,  Sash 
Cord,  Latches.  Wardrobe  Hooks  and 
nil  of  the  most  modern  manufactur¬ 
ing  and  first  class  in  every  respect. 

Wo  can  save  you  from  30  to  50  per  cent. 
This  stock  is  fully  illustrated  and 
described  in  our  mammoth  Catalog 
which  we  will  send  freo  tor  the  ask¬ 
ing.  Write  today. 


Sizes  and  Prices 


No. 

Size 

Ht.to 

Plate 

Ht.  to  Top 
of  Roof 

Price 

221 

36x  48 

18  ft. 

38  ft.  6  in. 

$523.00 

222 

36x  64 

18  ft. 

38  ft.  6  in. 

651.00 

223 

36x  80 

18  ft. 

38  ft.  6  in. 

770.00 

224 

36x  96 

18  ft. 

38  ft.  6  in. 

901.00 

225 

36x112 

18  ft. 

38  ft.  6  in. 

1023.00 

Our  Free  Book  of  Plans 

This  is  the  handsomest  book  of  designs 
ever  produced.  Explains  our  wonderful  build¬ 
ing  offer  whereby  we  sell  at  a  given  price  the 
complete  bill  of  material  to  construct  houses, 
cottages,  barns,  etc.  We  are  leaders  in  our 
methods  and  our  complete  proposition  is  the 
most  enterprising  building  offer  ever  pre¬ 
sented.  Fill  in  the  coupon  shown  in  this  ad 
and  we  will  send  this  “Book  of  Plans  ” 


Cement  Building  Block  Machine 


$13.85  for  a  first  class  prac¬ 
tical  cement  building  block 
machine.  Blocks8x8xl6  inches. 

You  can  make  whole,  half 
and  quarter  blocks.  Turnout 
100  blocks  a  day.  Ten  days 
free  trial  given  to  every  one. 

We  furnish  either  single  or 
double  core  flasks.  Oper¬ 
ates  so  easily  a  boy  can  un¬ 
derstand  it  and  use  it  without 
previous  experience.  This 
machine  is  the  mostfor  the  money  that  can  be  se¬ 
cured;  isafactory  in  itself.  Send  for  freo  catalog. 


Lumber 


Flooring.  1x8, 10  to  20 
ft., No.  2  Southern  Price  per  1000 

Pine . $17.50 

Extra  Star  A.  Star  Red  Cedar  Shingles —  3.00 

2x4,  10  to  16  ft..  Hemlock  Sized - -  16.00 

Fencing,  1x5, 10  to  16  ft..  No.  1  White  Pine  20.00 
Bough  Barn  Boards,  White  Pine,  No.  1 

Grade . - .  30.00 

Southern  Pine.  No.  1,  1x12.  10  to  20  ft.. 

dressed _ _ _ --r-  24.50 

Drop  Siding,  1x6- B  and  Better  Oregon  Fir  28.50 
Drop' Siding.  Southern  Pine  No.  2  Grade.  16.00 

Battens  O.  G.  Clear  Oregon  Fir .  6.50 

Ceiling,  No.  1  Southern  Pine _  14.00 

Sheathing  Boards,  Hemlock,  White  Pine 

or  Southern  Pine . -----  JQ.00 

Roof  Sheathing,  1x4,  10  to  16  ft.  No.  2  Pine  lo-OO 

Lap  Siding,  4-inch  Clear  White  Pine - 

Shiplap,  Hemlock,  No,  2  Grade -  1  <  .OO 

Modern 
Fire-Proof 

Steel 
Buildings 

We  furnish  buildings  made  entirely  of  steel, 
suitable  for  factories,  barns,  warehouses,  machine 
shops,  foundries,  storage  sheds,  auto  garages  at  a 

saving  of  from  30  to  50  per  cent.  _ 

Sizes  range  from  18  ft.  to  50  ft.  in  width  and  20 
ft.  to 200  feet  in  length. 

Necessary  plans  and  specifications  of  these 
buildings  free  with  order.  These  plans  show  ex¬ 
actly  where  each  item  in  the  bill  of  material  is 
used  in  the  building,  each  piece  of  steel  being 
numbered  in  the  Material  List  and  correspond¬ 
ingly  numbered  on  the  Plans,  greatly  simplifying 
the  erection  of  the  building  and  at  a  great  saving 
in  the  cost  of  labor. 

Write  us  for  description  and  prices. 

High  Grade  Plumbing 

Enjoy  the  comforts  of  a  City  Ho 
all  the  advantagesof  the  modern  baT 
room,  laundry  and  kitchen.  Water 
in  abundance  in  every  part  of 
vour  home.  No  excuse  for  you  to 
j,e  without  one  of  these  Bystems. 
The  expense  is  very  small. 

We  will  loan  you  tools  and  give 
you  complete  instructions  so  yon 
can  install  the  system  yourself. 

Strictly  new  and  as 

good  as  anyone  sells.  We 
ave  everything  needed 
in  plumbing  material. 

Our  prices  mean  a  saving 
to  you  of  30  to  50  per 
cent.  We  can  easily 
prove  it  if  you  will  give  us  a  chance. 

90c  buys  our  special  flat 
rim,  cast  iron,  white  en¬ 
amel  kitchen  sinks.  Price 
includes  strainer  and  coup¬ 
ling.  $5.50  buys  an  enamel 
bath  tub.  $10  for  a  cast 
iron,  roll  rim.  white  enamel 
bath  tub.  $9.50  for  our 
white  enamel  low  down  tank 
water  closet,  complete  outfit. 
Iron  pipo  at  mill  prices. 


FELL  OUT  THIS  COUPON  ^ 

Chicago  House  Wrecking  Co. 

I  saw  vour  Page  Advertisement  in  The  Rural  New-Yorker. 

[  am  interested  in  the  following  items: 

FREE  your  Large  Illustrated  Catalog.  Also 
owing  additional:  (Cheek  off  Rooks  you  want.) 


Send  me - „  . 

send  the  following  additional: 


Book 

of 

Plans  l 


Heating 

and 

Plumbing  L 


Roof¬ 

ing 

Book 


I  1000 

Page 

JCatalogL 


Mr  Name 


Town  - . . 
R.F.D.  ■ 


. P.O.Box- 


Roofing  Book  Mammoth  Free  Catalog  Heating  and  Plumbing 


A  most  valuable  book  filled  with  in¬ 
formation  regarding  all  kinds  of  Steel 
Corrugated  and  Ready  Roofing.  Ex- 
-  amples,  diagrams  and  in¬ 
structions  on  how  to  ap¬ 
ply  all  kinds  of  material, 
Roofing,  Ceiling  and 
Siding,  exterior  and  in¬ 
terior  finish.  Every 
home  builder  should 
have  one  of  these 
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WIXjIj  NOT  LAST  LONG 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4081. 


NEW  YORK,  JANUARY  14,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR. 


THE  STORY  OF  ALFALFA. 

How  to  Get  it  Going. 

1  have  a  piece  of  land,  about  four  acres,  I  wish  to 
into  Alfalfa.  The  land  is  level  and 
of  limestone  nature.  Tell  me  how  1 
must  go  about  it  to  get  a  good  stand, 
when  to  sow,  and  where  I  can  get 
the  seed.  m. 

West  Virginia. 

The  opinion  seems  to  be  prev¬ 
alent  that  Alfalfa  cannot  be  suc¬ 
cessfully  grown  in  the  Eastern 
part  of  the  United  States.  Our 
own  experience,  however,  on  the 
cold,  heavy,  non-limestone  clays 
of  Northeastern  Ohio  has  led  us 
to  believe  it  can  be  made  a  prof¬ 
itable  crop  almost  anywhere.  Cer¬ 
tain  soil  conditions  are  absolutely 
essential,  but  where  these  are  not 
naturally  found  they  may  all  be 
provided.  These  conditions  are, 
first,  a  dry  soil ;  second,  a  sweet 
soil;  third,  a  soil  filled  with  cer¬ 
tain  bacteria  which  live  and  work 
with  the  Alfalfa  plant;  fourth,  a 
clean  soil,  and  a  fertile  soil. 

DRAINAGE.— Alfalfa  is  pre¬ 
eminently  a  dry  soil  plant.  By 
nature  it  is  deep-rooted,  and  a 
soil  that  holds  water,  so  that  for 
even  a  short  time  after  heavy 
rains  it  stands .  full  of  water,  is 
unfriendly.  Unfriendly  is  too 
mild  a  word  to  use  in  that  con¬ 
nection.  It  is  death.  For  Alfalfa 
roots,  fitted  by  nature  for  a  deep, 
dry  soil,  simply  cannot  grow  in  a 
water-logged  soil.  A  soil  that 
heaves  by  freezing  is  not  suited 
to  Alfalfa,  for  it  cannot  do  other¬ 
wise  than  pull  up  or  break  off 
the  long  tap  roots  of  the  Alfalfa 
plant.  Not  to  mention  the  ordi¬ 
nary  benefits  which  come  from 
drainage,  I  think  we  see  the  ab¬ 
solute  necessity  of  it  for  Alfalfa, 
so  that  unless  the  soil  is  naturally 
well  drained,  thorough  and  deep 
artificial  drainage  is  the  first 
preparation.  Better  give  it  up 
than  to  sow  on  wet,  soggy  land. 

LIME  FOR  ALFALFA.— It  is 
a  significant  fact  that  the  natural 
Alfalfa  soils  the  world  over  are 
the  strongest  lime  soils.  Another 
fact  well  established  and  equally 
significant  is  that  the  attempts  to 
grow  it  on  non-calcareous  soils 
without  liming,  have  almost  in¬ 
variably  resulted  in  failure.  I  re¬ 
cently  met  a  man  from  the  West¬ 
ern  Ohio  oil  regions,  who  gave 
me  this  remarkable  testimony  as 
to  the  value  of  lime  for  Alfalfa. 

He  wished  to  seed  to  Alfalfa  a 
field  of  very  rich  black  loam,  in 
the  center  of  which  a  dry  hole 
had  been  put  down  for  oil  the 
year  previous.  The  white  sand 
drillings  of  the  limestone  rock 
beneath  were  in  marked  contrast 
with  the  black  soil  of  the  rest  of 
the  field.  He  said  he  gave  the  soil  special  preparation, 
and  fully  expected  to  get  Alfalfa  on  this  fertile  field, 
except  around  the  well.  He  did  not  think  it  could 


possibly  grow  in  that  raw  limestone  sand.  To  his 
very  great  surprise,  the  Alfalfa  grew  strong  and  rank 
in  the  limestone  drillings  around  the  old  well,  but 
jet  was  a  total  failure  on  the  rest  of  the  field.  On  our 


BEGINNING  EARLY  AT  THEIR  JOB.  Fig.  11. 


GENERAL  PURPOSE u-  MILK;  BEEF  AND  SADDLE.  Fig.  12 

own  .soil  Alfalfa  was  a  failure  until  we  limed  thor¬ 
oughly.  Since  then  it  has  grown  luxuriantly.  It  re¬ 
quired  two  tons  of  caustic  lime  per  acre  to  sweeten 


our  soils  sufficiently  to  enable  it  to  grow  Alfalfa. 

INOCULATION. — The  next  necessity  is  inocula¬ 
tion.  Many  still  laugh  at  the  idea  of  inoculation,  but, 
however  foolish  it  may  seem  to  those  who  have  not 

studied  the  question,  it  has 
been  proven  beyond  doubt  that 
a  certain  bacterium  must  be 
present  in  the  soil  to  live  with 
and  work  with  (supply  nitro¬ 
gen  to)  the  plant  before  Al¬ 
falfa  can  make  a  profitable 
growth.  Of  course  if  this  par¬ 
ticular  form  of  bacteria  is 
present  in  the  soil,  inoculation 
is  not  necessary.  But  in  re¬ 
gions  where  this  crop  has  never 
been  grown,  the  chances  are 
that  it  is  not  present  and 
must  be  introduced.  In  our 
own  work  we  did  not  succeed 
until  we  procured  soil  from  an 
old  Alfalfa  field  and  applied  it 
to  our  field.  In  speaking  of 
inoculation  it  might  be  well  to 
state  that  strong  sunlight  will 
kill  bacteria,  and  if  the  inocu¬ 
lating  substance  is  spread  over 
the  surface  of  the  field  on  a 
sunshiny  day,  and  not  at  once 
worked  into  the  soil,  the  bac¬ 
teria  may  be  killed,  and  no 
inoculation  effected.  It  is  a 
good  plan  to  drill  the  inocu¬ 
lating  material  into  the  soil 
with  the  grain  drill,  thus  put¬ 
ting  it  down  into  the  moist  soil 
where  it  will  come  most  com¬ 
pletely  in  contact  with  the 
Alfalfa  roots. 

A  CLEAN  SOIL.— The 
next  necessity  is  to  rid  the 
soil  of  weeds.  While  it  is 
true  that  on  properly  prepared 
soil,  Alfalfa  grows  very  fast, 
yet  we  must  remember  that  it 
is  not  native  here — not  at 
home.  We  are  taking  it  out 
of  its  chosen  environments 
and  asking  it  to  grow  under 
somewhat  unnatural  condi¬ 
tions,  and  it  need  not  be  sur¬ 
prising  if  it  is  unable  to  do 
battle  with  the  weeds,  which 
are  at  home  in  their  chosen 
environment.  Many  a  promis¬ 
ing  stand  of  Alfalfa  has  grown 
discouraged  and  given  up  be¬ 
cause  it  could  not  compete 
with  the  native  weeds.  It  is 
therefore  only  giving  the'  crop 
a  fair  chance  when  we  thor¬ 
oughly  clean  the  ground  of 
weeds  before  sowing. 

FERTILITY.— The  next  re¬ 
quirement  is  a  fertile  soil. 
From  our  own  experience  we 
are  led  to  believe  that  if  the 
above  requirements  are  met, 
Alfalfa  is  no  more  exacting  as 
to  plant  food  than  other 
crops.  But  it  is  a  crop  of 
great  value,  and  one  so  ex¬ 
pensive  to  start,  that  having 
gone  to  the  expense  of  meeting  the  necessary  re¬ 
quirements,  it  is  wise  to  provide  the  plant  food  nec¬ 
essary  for  a  luxuriant  growth.  If  the  field  to  be 


Lie 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


seeded  to  Alfalfa  is  not  naturally  well  drained,  the 
first  thing  to  do  is  to  drain  it.  It  will  be  useless  to 
attempt  it  otherwise.  Two  or  three  months  before 
plowing  I  would  give  it  a  dressing  of  good  manure. 
Plow  in  the  Winter  or  early  Spring  as  deeply  as  the 
soil  will  permit,  i.  e.,  without  throwing  up  too  much 
crude  subsoil.  Then  unless  sure  of  an  abundant  lime 
content,  I  would  apply  at  least  one  ton  of  caustic 
lime  or  two  tons  ground  limestone  per  acre,  and 
work  well  into  the  soil.  Stir  the  ground  every  10 
days  until  July.  You  will  then  have  a  fine  firm  moist 
seed  bed  and  all  troublesome  weeds  killed.  I  would 
get  soil  from  a  field  that  is  growing  Alfalfa  success¬ 
fully,  and  apply  evenly  200  pounds  per  acre.  Work 
it  into  the  soil  with  as  little  sunshine  on  it  as  pos¬ 
sible.  Unless  the  field  is  very  fertile  I  would  give 
it  a  liberal  application  of  those  elements  of  plant 
food  which  your  experience  has  taught  you  the  soil 
requires.  I  would  use  steamed  bone  as  a  carrier  for 
phosphoric  acid.  Any  favorable  time  in  July,  sow 
15  to  20  pounds  of  clean  Alfalfa  seed  to  the  acre, 
and  then  watch  it  grow.  If  soil  and  weather  condi¬ 
tions  are  favorable  15  pounds  of  seed  or  even  less 
is  enough.  If  conditions  are  not  all  favorable  I 
would  use  the  larger  quantity.  You  can  get  the  seed 
from  any  reliable  seed  firm.  Your  experiment  station 
will  probably  examine  the  seed  for  you,  and,  if  im¬ 
pure,  tell  you  how  to  clean  it.  Perhaps  all  this  seems 
like  an  undue  amount  of  fuss  and  bother  to  get  the 
crop  started.  But  it  is  far  better  to  go  to  a  little 
extra  expense  in  starting  the  crop  and  succeed,  than 
to  half  do  it  and  fail.  If  you  feel  that  you  cannot 
lose  the  use  of  the  land  the  first  year,  you  might 
raise  a  crop  of  early  potatoes;  give  them  clean  cul¬ 
ture  and  seed  to  Alfalfa  after  digging.  But  you  will 
probably  be  ahead  in  the  end  if  you  let  the  Alfalfa 
have  the  benefit  of  all  that  the  field  is  capable  of 
doing.  ALLEN. 

Ohio. 


THE  PRODUCTS  OF  AN  ACRE. 

We  are  frequently  asked  this  question:  What 
are  the  actual  results  of  the  practical  work¬ 
ing  of  an  acre  of  ground,  and  how  much 
can  be  produced  on  the  same  ?  Theoretically 
this  question  may  easily  be  answered,  but 
practically  it  will  be  necessary  to  show  the  complex 
character  of  the  subject,  but  it  is  quite  natural  to 
assume  that  it  will  depend  somewhat  on  the  man  and 
methods.  From  a  life  experience  in  the  market 
garden  I  am  fully  convinced  that  those  who  arc  the 
most  successful  in  producing  large  and  profitable 
crops  are  men  who  practice  high  farming  and  use 
intensive  methods.  And  if  this  term  has  any  definite 
meaning  at  all  it  should  be  used  only  to  express  the 
idea  of  a  farm  or  market  garden  so  managed  that 
the  soil  is  rich  enough  to  produce  maximum  crops 
every  year,  provided  there  is  a  system  adopted  of 
crop  rotations  quite  generally  used  in  successful  mar¬ 
ket  gardens,  and  by  this  I  mean  a  judicious  rotation 
of  crops  to  avoid  the  loss  of  the  great  quantity  of 
manure  that  is  necessarily  used,  thus  giving  us  con¬ 
fidence  in  the  substantial  value  of  the  soil  for  double 
cropping,  and  this  is  an  essential  requisite.  Agricul¬ 
ture  is  an  art,  and  must  be  followed  as  such.  Sci¬ 
ence  will  help  and  help  enormously,  but  it  will  never 
enable  us  to  dispense  with  industry  or  the  experience 
we  attained  by  untiring  application.  Chemistry 
throws  great  light  on  the  art  of  cooking,  but  it  does 
seem  as  though  a  farmer’s  wife  can  roast  a  fowl 
better  than  a  proficient  chemist.  The  writer  is  well 
acquainted  with  some  very  practical  men  eminently 
successful  in  the  art  of  growing  great  crops,  who  do 
not  believe  there  is  any  real  chemical  necessity  for 
a  rotation  of  crops  and  that  the  notion  is  unfounded. 

A  few  years  ago  it  was  not  considered  safe  to  plant 
potatoes  on  the  same  soil  two  years  in  succession, 
but  since  those  days  it  has  been  shown  that  po¬ 
tatoes  can  follow  potatoes  and  corn  can  follow  corn, 
and  immense  crops  can  be  grown  each  succeeding 
year,  provided  we  practice  inter-cropping  with  Crim¬ 
son  or  Red  clover,  and  use  the  necessary  manure  and 
get  the  soil  clean  and  in  the  right  mechanical  condi¬ 
tion.  The  clover  takes  from  the  soil  the  manurial 
value  the  potatoes  did  not  use  or  require,  and  natur¬ 
ally  prepares  the  soil  for  the  potato  the  following 
Spring.  Under  former  conditions  this  would  have 
been  lost.  Without  wandering  too  far  from  our 
subject  the  point  I  am  trying  to  show  is  this;  that 
a  well-managed  market  garden  or  farm  where  the 
soil  is  made  exceedingly  rich  by  using  large  quan¬ 
tities  of  manure  and  avoiding  loss  of  the  same  by 
regularity  in  crop  rotations  is  to  the  proprietor  what 
a  well-equipped  plant  or  manufacturing  industry 
would  be;  always  dependable,  reliable  and  capable  of 
producing  maximum  crops.  The  manure  therefore 
has  given  the  soil  a  substantial  value,  and  is  regarded 
as  a  permanent  improvement.  The  planter  has  confi¬ 
dence  in  his*  soil  and  under  normal  conditions  feels 
quite  sure  what  his  acres  will  produce,  whereas,  if 


he  is  to  depend  on  commercial  fertilizers  and  chem¬ 
icals  to  accomplish  these  results  he  would  have  to 
labor  under  many  agricultural  uncertainties,  prob¬ 
ably  due  to  inferior  brands  of  fertilizers,  mislead¬ 
ing  analyses,  and  many  testimonials  from  sources 
pre-eminently  unreliable.  Testimonials  to  patent  fer¬ 
tilizers  should  be  considered  about  as  reliable  as 
testimonials  to  a  patent  medicine.  The  analyses  we 
get  with  our  fertilizers  and  the  analyses  of  plants 
do  not  afford  a  sufficient  trustworthy  guide  to  the 
practical  farmer  and  market  gardener.  It  is  the 
actual  trial  we  make  in  the  field  that  is  convincing, 


and  there  agricultural  value  is  measured  by  the 
benefits  received  from  its  use. 

While  I  am  not  a  special  advocate  of  artificial  man¬ 
ures,  except  under  certain  condition,  yet  we  have 
seen  on  different  occasions  large  crops  produced  with 
them,  but  we  have  no  assurance  of  the  condition  of 
the  soil  after  their  first  use,  or  in  other  words,  we 
do  not  get  from  their  use  what  the  soil  is  capable 
of  producing  in  double  and  companion  cropping.  And 
it  would  therefore  seem  unfair  and  misleading  to 
attempt  to  show  by  the  extravagant  use  of  fertilizers 
and  manures  what  can  be  grown  in  one  year  regard¬ 
less  of  labor  and  expense,  on  a  single  acre, 
and  that  the  method  would  entail  a  great 
waste  of  fertilizer  is  highly  probable,  beside 
rendering  the  practice  impractical.  When  a  success¬ 
ful  market  gardener  undertakes  to  grow  a  good  patch 


SPRAY  OF  MER.SE RE AU  BLACKBERRY.  Fig.  14. 

See  Ruralisms,  Page  39. 

of  early  cabbage  he  knows  there  is  little  to  be 
gained  by  consulting  the  analysis  of  the  cabbage.  He 
simply  fills  his  fertile  soil  full  of  horse  manure  to 
the  extent  of  75  tons  to  the  acre.  He  understands  that 
the  crop  requires  exceedingly  rich  soil  and  by  using 
this  heavy  application  of  manure,  he  has  supplied 
whatever  the  cabbage  crop  will  require,  and  also  the 
crops  that  are  to  follow.  About  16,000  plants  can  be 
grown  on  an  acre  and  25  tons,  or  about  500  barrels, 
of  cabbage  can  be  cut  from  the  same,  and  the  aver¬ 
age'  price  will  be  about  one  dollar  per  barrel.  Now, 
on  referring  to  Prof.  E.  Wolff’s  table  on  the  cornpo- 


January  14, 


sition  of  the  cabbage  we  find  that  25  tons  of  cab¬ 
bage  have  taken  only  20  per  cent,  of  the  nitrogen  and 
phosphoric  acid  the  75  tons  of  manure  contain.  We 
also  see  it  has  taken  a  very  large  per  cent,  of  potash 
and  lime.  Now,  in  this  case  we  must  endeavor  to 
follow  the  crop  of  cabbage  immediately,  with  some 
crop  that  has  the  power  of  taking  up  the  large  quan¬ 
tities  of  nitrogen  and  other  plant  foods  that  will  be 
left  in  the  soil.  Experience  has  taught  us  that  celery 
is  a  great  feeder  and  requires  great  quantities  of 
nitrogen  and  phosphoric  acid,  and  is  perhaps  the  most 
profitable  to  follow  the  cabbage;  20,000  stalks  can  be 
grown  on  an  acre  under  such  favorable  conditions, 
and  the  price  for  the  same  will  average  $2  per  hun¬ 
dred  stafks,  or  $400  for  the  crop.  The  amount  thus 
produced  on  the  one  acre  at  a  low  estimate  will  sell 
for  $900.  Of  all  our  ordinary  market  crops  the 
early  cabbage  and  celery  entail  the  most  labor  and 
expense,  and  I  think  we  may  safely  assume  that 
when  $350  is  deducted  from  the  foregoing  figures  for 
expenses,  we  have  quite  a  handsome  profit  Jo  our 
credit.  This  is  somewhat  less  than  what  may  be 
shown  in  well  equipped  market  gardens  with  irrigat¬ 
ing  systems  in  practical  use,  and  more  intensive 
methods  applied.  The  practical  working  of  an  acre 
need  not,  however,  be  confined  to  cabbage  and  celery. 
We  have  found  the  strawberry  quite  reliable  and  as 
a  rule  profitable,  when  well  done,  but  on  rich  soil 
where  great  quantities  of  manure  are  used  they  will 
not  give  as  good  returns  as  some  of  the  vegetable 
crops  unless  we  practice  companion  cropping.  If  we 
plant  in  the  Spring  the  plants  may  be  set  three  feet 
apart  in  the  rows  that  are  placed  three  feet  apart ; 
between  each  two  plants  of  strawberries  set  two  well- 
grown  lettuce  plants,  the  plants  will  then  all  stand 
one  foot  apart  in  the  rows  and  can  be  cultivated  by 
horse-power.  An  acre  so  planted  will  require  4,s00 
strawberry  plants  and  9,700  lettuce,  or  about  14,500 
plants  in  all.  The  lettuce  will  be  fit  to  cut  before 
the  strawberries  begin  to  run  or  make  plants.  Early 
lettuce  usually  sells  for  not  less  than  $3  per  hundred, 
amounting  to  $275  for  the  crops.  After  the  lettuce 
is  off  the  strawberries  will  grow  very  fast,  and  will 
be  entirely  too  thick  if  allowed  to  run  at  random. 
We  usually  space  the  plants,  allowing  each  parent 
plant  to  produce  six  or  eight  strong  hardy  off-sets. 
These  will  form  a  matted  row  20  inches  wide;  an 


icre  thus  grown  will  contain  about  33,000  plants  at 
the  proper  age  and  size  and  should  yield  S,000  quarts 
per  acre,  the  following  June  these  will  be  choice 
berries  and  should  command  nine  cents  per  quart,  or 
$720  for  the  crop.  We  have  long  been  of  the  opinion 
that  it  seldom  pays  to  fruit  a  strawberry  bed  the 
second  year  where  the  soil  is  in  a  high  state  of 
cultivation  for  growing  vegetables.  Therefore  we 
usually  plow  under  the  plants  and  their  heavy  mulch¬ 
ing,  and  plant  with  celery  as  before  described  in  this 
article.  Radishes  are  sometimes  drilled  in  between 
the  rows  of  celery  to  good  advantage,  and  at  to  is 
time  of  year  usually  sell  for  $1  per  100  bunches. 
These  will  be  out  of  the  way  by  the  time  the  celery 
requires  much  attention.  This  crop  will  add  about 
$100  to  the  products  of  the  acre  for  two  years, 
amounting  in  all  to  $1,500  or  $750  a  year.  The  labor 
and  expenses  on  these  crops  will  be  about  $300  a  year. 
Now  if  we  grew  a  crop  of  strawberries  in  the  usual 
way  they  would  occupy  the  ground  two  years  for  the 
one  crop  and  to  realize  the  same  returns  as  we  get 
by  companion  cropping  with  vegetables  as  I  have  en¬ 
deavored  to  show,  the  strawberries  would  have  to 
yield  16,000  quarts  to  the  acre.  This  is  an  unusual 
amount,  and  in  our  belief  a  practical  impossibility. 
Successful  market  gardeners  must  get  great  crops  oi 
they  cannot  pay  their  expenses,  and  such  crops  can 
only  be  grown  on  very  rich  land.  It  should  be  un¬ 
derstood  that  some  crops  require  much  more  labor 
than  others,  and  should  never  be  grown  unless  the 
land  is  capable  of  producing  a  maximum  yield  per 
acre,  or  a  close  approximation  to  it.  As  a  rule  the 
least  paying  crops  are  those  which  require  the  least 
labor  per  acre. 


T.  M.  WHITE. 


u. . 


A  report  from  Consul  Frank  D.  Hill,  of  Fran.<- 
fort,  Germany,  states  that  German  bankers  are  to 
fight  bucketshops,  which  are  places  where  irrespons¬ 
ible  stock  jobbing  or  gambling  is  done. 

One  of  the  first  steps  taken  was  a  conference  held  in 
Berlin  between  the  directors  of  the  Bankers’  Association 
and  representatives  of  the  leading  newspapers.  It  is 
understood  that  in  the  future  the  press  and  the  Bankers’ 
Association  will  work  hand  in  hand.  The  press  will  gi\e 
all  possible  publicity  to  the  association’s  fight  against 
bucket  shops  and  the  association  will  place  experts  at 
the  disposal  of  the  press,  particularly  for  reporting  legal 
proceedings  against  bucket  shops. 

In  this  country  a  good  share  of  the  papers  would 
want  to  know  how  much  if  any  “graft”  was  in  it  for 
them.  Take  the  recent  case  of  Burr  Bros,  and  simi¬ 
lar  swindlers.  They  never  could  have  robbed  the 
people  as  they  did  if  the  newspapers  had  not  adver¬ 
tised  and  boomed  them. 


1911. 


27 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


POTATO  GROWING  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Every  Winter  for  10  or  12  years  past  potatoes 
have  commanded  a  good  price  in  the  California  mar¬ 
kets,  even  some  years  when  the  crop  was  large  the 
price  was  fair.  Many  wiseacres  believe  this  tuber 
will  never  be  what  was  called  cheap  in  this  State 
any  more.  This  is  owing,  I  presume,  to  the  fact 
that  the  potato-growing  sections  are  limited,  and  more 
especially  to  the  fact  that  the  number  of  consumers 
is  constantly  increasing,  as  has  been  shown  by  the 
rapid  growth  of  the  ^State's  population.  There  are 
good  spots  where  potatoes  can  be  grown  in  California, 
but  there  is  too  often  a  lack  of  water.  One  of  the 
best  sections  for  the  growing  of  this  vegetable  is  in 
the  Salinas  Valley;  yet,  recently,  the  crop  has  not 
been  as  largely  grown  as  formerly,  ow¬ 
ing.  largely,  to  the  fact  that  sugar  beet 
growing  is  superseding  it.  Around  Al¬ 
varado,  in  Alameda  County,  there  were 
many  fine  potato  fields  on  the  washed 
or  made  lands  about  the  mouths  of 
Alameda  creek.  There  being  another 
beet-sugar  factory  here,  the  oldest  in 
the  State,  if  not  in  the  United  States, 
this  tuber  has  given  way  to  the  beet, 
though  some  wise  farmers  rotate  now 
and  then  with  potatoes.  In  the  same 
county,  up  on  the  hillsides  above  the 
town  of  Niles,  the  earliest  potatoes  in 
the  State  are  produced — Winter  tubers 
smaller  than  hens’  eggs  that  bring  fancy 
prices.  But  the  number  of  growers  are 
few  and  the  acreage  rather  limited.  On 
the  semi-sand  hills  of  the  peninsula 
south  of  San  Francisco,  many  hundreds 
of  acres  of  potatoes  are  grown  annually. 

All  through  the  truck  gardens  south  of 
the  metropolis  and  extending  well  down 
into  San  Mateo  County,  are  gardens 
where  intensive  cropping  is  practiced. 


tatoes  from  the  Salinas  country  and  also  about  Alva¬ 
rado,  heretofore  mentioned.  But  the  tubers  are  large 
and  are  liked  by  hotel  and  restaurant  keepers.  Usu¬ 
ally  they  do  not  command  as  high  a  price,  though 
I  believe  in  a  fairly  dry  year  many  of  these  tubers 
are  as  fine  and  mealy  as  the  best  from  other  places 
which  have  a  higher  reputation  for  quality. 

I  have  often  wondered  why  more  gardeners  did  not 
grow  larger  acreages  of  potatoes.  Some  say  that  in 
years  past  many  farmers  lost  heavily  by  growing  this 
vegetable;  those  years  were  years  of  plenty  and  low 
prices.  Many  thousands  of  tons  were  piled  along 
the  levee  where  they  were  allowed  to  rot,  as  it  did 
not  pay  to  ship  to  the  bay  cities.  But  the  times  have 
changed.  V  Idle  there  are  still  some  white  gardeners 


institution.  If  this  is  so,  it  has  set  a  pace  that  surely 
many  white  folk  will  be  called  upon  to  come  up  to, 
if  not  go  beyond.  Of  course,  Mrs.  Phcebe  Hearst’s 
benefactions  are  so  large  as  to  be  perhaps,  unap¬ 
proachable. 

When  the  Spring  of  1910  came,  stories  were  afloat 
that  George  Shima  was  going  to  surpass  his  former 
rake-off  in  the  potato  market.  Rumor  had  it  that  he 
was  out  securing  large  acreages  of  land  below  Stock- 
ton  and  that  he  was  going  to  plant  townships  of 
potatoes — that  he  had  already  secured  4,300  acres  of 
splendid  soil,  and  was  buying  potato  seed  wherever 
he  could  get  it.  But  just  how  many  acres  he  did  se¬ 
cure  or  how  many  he  planted,  he  was  discreet  enough 
to  keep  to  himself.  But  now  comes  the  story  from 
Stockton  that  this  potato-manipulator 
will  surely  clear  $200,000  on  the  crop  he 
raised,  as  well  as  on  what  he  was  able 
to  corner.  But  he  is  said  to  deny  that 
he  has  been  trying  to  create  a  corner 
in  the  tubers.  His  crop  was  unusually 
large  and,  consequently,  he  had  plenty 
to  make  him  wealthy  at  the  present 
price  of  this  vegetable  in  the  coast  mar¬ 
kets — from  $1.25  to  $1.50  per  hundred¬ 
weight,  wholesale,  right  on  the  river 
bank.  The  report  of  this  man’s  large 
profit  last  Winter  spurred  others  to 
plant  more  largely  than  hithertofore,  so 
they,  too,  are  reaping  a  good  crop  of 
coin  for  their  trouble.  w.  a.  pryal. 
California. 


CALIFORNIA  TRUCK  GROWER’S  HOME.  Fig.  15 


Never  a  trucker  goes  to  the  big  city  but  he  returns 
with  a  heaping  load  of  manure,  carefully  enveloped 
in  cloth  coverings.  Nearly  all  of  these  vegetable 
gardeners  are  Italians;  they  work  their  holdings  for 
all  there  is  in  them,  yea,  and  even  more,  it  might  be 
said. 

But  withal  there  are  so  many  potatoes  grown  near 
the  big  cities  of  San  Francisco  and  Oakland,  still, 
far  from  sufficient  is  produced  to  supply  the  de¬ 
mand.  It  is  to  the  lands  of  the  islands,  and  along 
the  shores  of  the  San  Joaquin  and  Sacramento  rivers, 
mostly  the  former,  that 
the  great  supply  of  this 
vegetable  comes.  Even 
then,  some  years,  thou¬ 
sands  of  tons  come  from 
the  far  North — Oregon 
and  sometimes  Wash¬ 
ington.  But  I  am  quite 
sure  California  would  be 
able  to  supply  all  her 
home  demands  if  it  were 
not  for  the  fact  that  a 
large  part  of  those  sent 
to  the  San  Francisco 
market  are  exported — 
they  go  to  the  islands 
of  the  Pacific,  and  even 
across  the  ocean.  Some 
years,  I  am  told,  big 
shipments  are  made  to 
the  Philippines. 

The  islands  and  some 
of  the  land  along  the 
big  rivers  of  California, 
are  ideal  potato  lands. 

Much  of  it  was  origin¬ 
ally  covered  with  rushes 
or,  as  we  call  them  here, 
tide.  The  filling  of  the 

rivers  by  the  constant  washing  of  debris  from  the 
hydraulic  mines  in  the  mountains,  caused  the  rivers 
to  fill  up  inordinately,  and  in  seasons  of  big  freshets, 
either  caused  by  excessive  rains  or  by  sudden  and 
rapid  melting  of  the  snow  in  the  Sierra  Nevada 
Mountains,  the  rivers  would  overflow  their  banks.  At 
times  these  overflows  have  been  as  beneficial  to  the 
gardener  as  the  annual  overflow  of  the  Nile  is  to  the 
Egyptian  soil  cultivators.  Much  of  the  tide  land  was 
turned  from  marsh  wastes  into  fruitful  garden  spots; 
at  other  times  garden  spots,  especially  up  near  the 
foothills,  have  been  made  barren  wastes  by  the  wash¬ 
ing  upon  them  of  rock  and  gravel.  But  to  the  low 
lands  only  the  finer  silt  was  conveyed,  all  of  which 
in  time  made  the  best  of  garden  soil.  The  value  of 
these  island-gardens  soared  up  into  fabulous  prices, 
as  they  became  in  great  demand.  Some  of  the  finest 
asparagus  land  in  the  world  is  found  on  these  islands 
and  along  the  river  banks  on  the  mainland.  Generally 
the  potatoes  are  not  considered  so  good  as  the  po¬ 


on  these  islands,  they  are  fast  being  crowded  out  by 
Chinese  and  Japanese  gardeners,  mostly  the  latter. 
They  pay  big  rentals  for  land  in  this  famous  garden 
section.  Last  year  one  of  these  Japanese  gardeners 
jumped  into  the  commercial  limelight  by  clearing  in 
a  single  season  an  hitherto  unknown  fortune  out  of 
potatoes.  FI  is  clearings  were  reported  to  be  $25,000. 
He  was  at  once  dubbed  the  “Potato  King  of  the  West.” 
Whether  he  swelled  up  with  conceit  or  not,  I  never 
learned.  I  know,  however,  that  he  felt  his  impor¬ 
tance  as  a  good  citizen  of  the  world,  and  at  once 


A  HANDY  GATE  FASTENER. 

The  season  for  repairing  farm  gates 
will  soon  be  at  hand,  and  some  gates 
will  require  new  fasteners.  A  durable 
gate  fastener  that  will  receive  the  gate 
when  slammed  and  hold  it  securely,  as 
well  as  one  that  can  be  operated  from 
horseback  and  yet  cannot  be  lifted  by  stock,  can  be 
made  and  applied  by  a  blacksmith  or  any  one  of  a 
mechanical  turn.  It  is  made  of  two  pieces  of  common 
flat  iron  b,  one  inch  wide,  each  14  inches  long,  shaped 
in  manner  shown  in  Fig.  13,  swung  at  c  by  means 
of  a  3j4-inch  bolt  through  a  piece  of  bar  iron,  a, 
114  inch  by  1^4  inches  in  diameter,  eight  inches 
longj  plus  diameter  of  post  to  which  it  is  fastened 
by  a  nut  on  the  threaded  end,  the  portion  which 
passes  through  the  post  being  rounded.  The  ends,  d, 
may  be  either  welded  together  or  fastened  with  a 

bolt  and  a  loop  may  be 
arranged  onto  the  bolt 
to  assist  in  lifting  the 
fastener,  shown  in  de¬ 
tail  by  /.  Gate  is  shown 
in  closed  position  by  e. 
An  iron  plate,  g,  may  be 
fastened  to  gate  where 
it  .strikes  fastener  to 
save  wear  on  gate. 
Texas,  victor  laradie. 


AN  ALFALFA  PLANT  GONE  TO  SEED,  SENECA  CO.,  N,  Y.  Fig.  10. 


came  to  live  in  a  civilized  community.  He  purchased 
a  fine  house  on  a  corner  of  one  of  the  high-toned 
residential  streets  in  Berkeley,  not  far  from  where  I 
live.  At  first  the  people  in  the  neighborhood  raised 
objections  to  having  a  Japanese  living  in  their  midst — 
those  Berkeley  people  are  somewhat  exclusive,  though 
nearly  every  last  one  of  them  will  hire  Japanese  help 
in  their  homes  to  the  exclusion  of  white  help.  At  any 
rate,  George  Shima,  for  that  is  the  potato  king’s 
name,  held  his  fort  and  at  once  proceeded  to  make 
it  one  of  the  attractive  spots  on  College  Avenue.  He 
hired  gardeners  from  the  Flowery  Land,  and  a  veri¬ 
table  Japanese  garden  soon  surrounded  his  home. 
Some  one  must  have  given  the  potato  king  the  hint 
that  to  be  a  good  denizen  of  the  University  City  he 
could  not  do  better  than  to  bestow  a  goodly  por¬ 
tion  of  his  newly-acquired  potato-money  upon  the 
university.  Just  as  to  the  truth  of  this  I  am  unin¬ 
formed,  but  rumor  had  it  that  he  sent  a  check  in  the 
sum  of  $2,000  to  the  Agricultural  Department  of  the 


ALFALFA  SEED  IN 
NEW  YORK.  —  F.  R. 
Stevens  sends  us  the 
picture  shown  at  Fig. 
16,  this  page.  We  have 
seen  specimens  of  Al¬ 
falfa  plants  grown  near 
Geneva  that  were  well 
covered  with  strong 
seed.  Mr.  Stevens  says  : 

“I  am  enclosing  here¬ 
with  a  picture  of  Alfalfa 
thoroughly  gone  to  seed. 
It  is  growing  between  a 
double  fence  surround¬ 
ing  a  garden,  and  -has 
not  been  cut  for  some 
years.  The  taller  man  in  the  background  of  the 
picture  is  fully  six  feet  high,  and  he  is  standing  on 
a  level  with  the  ground  at  the  roots  of  the  Alfalfa. 
From  within  a  foot  of  the  ground  to  the  very  top, 
this  Alfalfa  is  loaded  with  seed  and  has  been  so 
loaded  for  the  past  two  or  three  years.  This  may 
tend  to  disprove  two  theories  of  the  growing  of  Al¬ 
falfa  in  this  State;  one  that  Alfalfa  will  not  seed  in 
the  East,  and  the  other  that  the  allowing  of  Alfalfa 
to  mature  materially  weakens  it.  The  picture  was 
taken  in  Cayuga  County,  New  York,  along  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad.” 


Suppose  you  got  just  what  you  deserve — no  more  and 
no  less.  Would  you  be  better  or  worse  off  than  you  are 
now? 

One  of  the  earliest  medical  fakes  was  Issued  nearly 
300  years  ago.  It  was  a  secret  remedy  for  falling  hair. 
When  the  price  was  paid  the  victim  found  that  he  or  she 
was  advised  to  use  the  fat  of  a  rat  as  hair  restorer! 
It  was  said  that  the  Chinese  really  used  the  remedy. 


28 


THE  RURAIj  NEW-YORKER 


January  14, 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the  name 
and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure  attention.  Be¬ 
fore  asking  a  question,  please  see  whether  it  is  not 
answered  in  our  advertising  columns.  Ask  only 
a  few  questions  at  one  time.  Put  questions  on  a 
teparate  piece  of  paper.] 

Different  Forms  of  Lime. 

E.  L.  IF.,  Kingsley,  Pa. — I  am  offered 
ground  marl  at  railroad  station  at  $8.50 
per  ton,  with  80  cents  off  if  sacks  are  re¬ 
turned.  The  company  guarantees  56  per 
cent  actual  lime.  Is  there  any  advantage 
in  buying  this  when  hydrated  lime  can  be 
bought  for  $8  and  lime  screenings  (from 
best  masons’  lime)  can  be  had  for  $5  a 
ton?  Is  the  marl  lime  any  safer  to  use 
than  caustic  lime,  or  more  available,  i.  e., 
does  it  act  on  the  soil  same  as  caustic  lime, 
or  is  it  more  of  the  nature  of  ground 
limestone? 

Ans. — It  will  depend  on  the  analysis 
of  the  marl.  Some  marls  contain  potash 
and  a  small  quantity  of  phosphoric  acid, 
and  the  value  of  these  substances  should 
be  counted  in.  If  the  marl  contains 
only  56  per  cent  of  lime  and  no  other 
plant  food  we  should  prefer  the  hydrated 
lime  at  $8  per  ton.  The  marl  is  of  the 
nature  of  ground  limestone,  and  is  most 
useful  under  the  conditions  which  we 
have  often  pointed  out. 

The  Size  of  Nut  Seedlings. 

II.  IF.  8.,  So.  Framingham,  Mass. — I  have 
on  a  farm  in  southern  New  Jersey  a  piece 
of  ground,  that  owing  to  its  shape,  is  not 
conveniently  worked  with  a  horse,  and 
think  of  planting  it  with  walnut,  chest¬ 
nut  and  hickory,  etc.,  as  a  small  nursery. 
How  long  will  it  take  for  these  to  grow, 
say  one  inch  in  diameter  at  butt  of  stem, 
from  seed  planted  in  rows,  and  would  a 
special  fertilizer  push  the  wood  growth 
enough  to  pay  to  use  it?  The  hickory 
grows  naturally  in  woods  close  by,  but 
have  not  observed  its  rate  of  growth. 

Ans. — In  my  experience  Black  walnut 
seedlings  have  reached  the  size  of  one 
inch  in  diameter  by  the  end  of  the  sec¬ 
ond  year’s  growth;  the  chestnut  would 
attain  the  same  size  at  the  age  of  three 
years;  and  the  hickory  I  expect  would 
require  require  four  years’  growth  at 
least  to  become  one  inch  in  diameter. 
We  have  done  no  experimenting  with 
fertilizers  on  seedling  trees  of  this  sort, 
but  I  should  expect  unleached  wood 
ashes  to  give  the  best  results.  Of  course 
the  growth  can  be  forced  by  the  use 
of  nitrate  of  soda,  blood  or  tankage,  but 
I  doubt  if  the  cost  of  these  materials 
would  justify  their  use.  I  think  waste 
land  cannot  be  put  to  better  use  than 
to  the  growing  of  nut  trees  as  contem¬ 
plated  by  your  correspondent. 

c.  P.  CLOSE. 

Md.  Agricultural  College, 

R.  N.-Y. — We  should  be  careful  about 
planting  chestnuts  on  account  of  the 
fungus  disease  which  is  rapidly  destroy¬ 
ing  trees  in  New  Jersey  and  eastern  New 
York. 

Vetch  for  Ohio  Soil. 

IF.  .4.  M.,  Delaware,  O. — I  see  some  writ¬ 
ers  claim  that  vetch  is  as  good  a  fertilizer 
to  plow  under  as  clover,  and  that  if 
sown  in  September  in  favorable  weather, 
will  cover  the  ground  in  Fall.  What  do 
you  think  of  it  for  central  Ohio  for  potato 
ground  1 

Ans.— There  are  two  vetches  capable 
of  living  over  Winter,  one  being  Winter 
vetch,  Lathyrus  hirsutus,  said  not  to  be 
hardy  north  of  Washington,  D.  C. ;  the 
other  is  Hairy  or  Sand  vetch,  Vicia  vil- 
losa ;  long  grown  in  Russia,  Germany 
and  France.  It  has  been  tried  in  many 
parts  of  the  United  States  with  good 
results.  Hairy  vetch  has  been  tried  in  a 
small  way  in  southern  Ohio  both  as  a 
Spring  and  Fall  crop,  and  with  some  suc¬ 
cess,  but  as  all  the  vetches  require  warm, 
light,  well  drained,  sandy  loam  soils 
for  their  best  development,  they  will 
likely  not  prove  satisfactory  on  our 
rather  heavy  clay  loams.  John  M.  Jami¬ 
son  has  grown  vetch  with  rye  for  sheep 
and  hog  pasture,  but  in  the  main  he 
depends  upon  clover  and  rye.  As  a  cover 
crop  vetch  should  prove  satisfactory,  es¬ 
pecially  on  well-drained  soil  suitable 
for  potatoes  or  truck,  and  W.  A.  M., 
Delaware,  O.,  will  find  vetch  or  vetch 
and  rye  sown  in  early  September  an  al¬ 
most  ideal  soil  cover  and  renovating 


crop,  should  his  soil  conditions  suit. 
About  one  bushel  of  seed  per  acre  should 
be  used,  drilled  or  broadcast,  and  may 
be  sown  from  the  middle  of  August  to 
mid-September.  Vetch  requires  about  j 
six  weeks  of  good  growing  weather  after 
seeding,  but  after  getting  a  start  stands 
drought  and  extremes  of  temperature 
well.  It  is  probable  that  W.  A.  M. 
could  use  Crimson  clover  to  advantage 
also.  w.  E.  D. 

Hillsboro,  O. 

Keep  Lime  from  Strawberries. 

J.  J.,  Sicklerville,  N.  J. — Can  ground 
lime  be  spread  on  strawberries  at  this  time 
of  the  year  to  profit,  and  how  much  to  the 
acre  ? 

Ans. — Do  not  spread  the  lime  on 
strawberries.  You  will  do  more  harm 
than  good  by  doing  so.  The  strawberry, 
like  the  cranberry  and  blueberry,  pre¬ 
fers  a  sour  soil  and  will  do  best  in 
such  a  soil.  Lime  will  sweeten  the  soil, 
and  if  too  much  is  used  the  straw¬ 
berries  will  not  do  well.  Use  lime  for 
clover,  Alfalfa,  wheat  or  grass,  but 
keep  it  away  from  strawberries. 


LIME  AND  SULPHUR  INJURY. 

The  lime-sulphur  mixture  is  likely  to 
take  the  place  of  Bordeaux  Mixture  as  a 
spray  for  controlling  many  fruit  diseases. 
Some  x-eports  of  injury  from  the  use  of 
lime-sulphur  are  reported,  and  it  is  well 
to  know  the  reason  for  it.  Prof.  II.  J. 
Whetzel,  of  Cornell,  gives  the  following 
statement  of  some  experiments  in  this  line  : 

“Mr.  Wallace’s  experiments  and  obser- 
vations  on  this  question  indicate,  first, 
that  heavy  drenching  is  a  common  cause 
of  foliage  injury ;  second,  that  much  of  the 
burning  of  apple  foliage"  this  year  follow¬ 
ing  the  application  just  after  the  blos¬ 
soms  fell  was  due  to  previous  scab  in¬ 
fection  of  the  leaves ;  third,  that  arsenate 
of  lead  is  the  only  insecticide  that  we 
yet  know  which  may  be  used  in  the  lime- 
sulphur  with  safety.  It  not  only  decreases 
the  burning  but  actually  increases  the 
fungicide  value  of  the  mixture  by  50  per 
cent.  Fourth,  that  injury  to  the  fruit  and 
foliage  by  lime-sulphur  is  much  less  serious 
than  that  caused  by  Bordeaux  under  the 
same  conditions.  Fifth,  that  the  addition 
of  lime  or  the  presence  of  sediment  does 
not  materially  affect  the  burning  qualities 
of  the  lime-sulphur  one  way  or  the  other. 
Sixth,  that  cultivated,  vigorous  trees  will 
withstand  foliage  injury  bettpr  t«ian  trees 
in  neglected  orchards.” 


Acetylene  Refuse — Pig  Manure. 

Is  the  residue  from  an  acetylene  gas  ma¬ 
chine  of  value  or  a  detriment  to  the  soil? 
How  does  pig  manure  compare  in  fertiliz¬ 
ing  value  with  other  manures?  f.  g.  w. 

Maryland. 

This  residue  is  lime — much  like  good 
limestone,  and  can  be  used  wherever  lime 
is  needed.  Pig  manure  varies  somewhat 
according  to  the  amount  and  quality  of 
bedding  and  absorbents  used.  Generally  It 
is  about  20  per  cent  richer  than  cow 
manure  and  more  available,  since  it  is 
worked  over  and  is  finer. 


“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers ;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 


MAULE’S  SEEDS 


ONCE  GROWN  ALWAYS  GROWN 

is  the  reason  why  lor  many  years  past  I  have 
done  such  an  enormous  seed  business.  79,430 
customers  in  Pennsylvania  alone,  with  almost 
half  a  million  the  world  over.  My  New  Seed  Book 
for  1911  is  a  wonder;  contains  everything  in 
seeds,  bulbs  and  plants  worth  growing.  Weighs  12 
ounces;  600  illustrations,  4  colored  plates,  176 
pages.  Any  gardener  sending  his  name  on  a 
postal  card  can  have  it  for  the  asking.  Address 

WM.  HENRY  MAULE 
1707-09-11  Filbert  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

am^^m^Send  5  cents  ( stamps )  and  mention  this 
raJHB paper  and  I  will  enclose  in  the  catalogue 
™  a  packet  of  seed  of  the  above  choice  pansy. 


Every  American  Planter  knows  that 

Btirpee’s  Seeds  Grow! 

BUT— do  YOU  know  ui/ry  they  are  the  Best  Seeds  that  can  be  grown  for  planting 
in  191 1  ?  Our  address  is  W.  ATLEE  BURPEE  &  CO.,  Burpee  Buildings, 
Philadelphia.  Send  us  your  address,  and  we  shall  mail,  without  cost,  a  copy  of 

The  Leading  American  Seed  catalog  for  1911,  a  bright  New  Book  of 
174  pages  that  tells  The  Plain  Truth  About  THE  BURPEE-QUAUTY  SEEDS. 


VISIT  OUR 
EXHIBIT  OF 


EASTERN  GROWN  APPLES 

We  have  on  exhibit  during  January  at  the  Reading;  Terminal  Market,  Philadelphia,  ear  loads 
of  Eastern  grown  apples — Winesap,  Ben  Davis,  York  Imperial,  Stayman’s  Winesap,  Albemarle 
Pippin  and  others  to  show  what  can  be  grown  in  the  East.  George  H.  McKay,  mgr.  of  exhibit 
We  also  have  a  car  load  of  fruit  and  ornamental  trees  showing  we  can  grow  trees. 
WE  HAVE  AT  OUR  NURSERIES: 


100.000  GRAPE  VINES-  Concord  and  Moore’s  Early 
200,000  PEACH  TREES-100  varieties 
200,000  APPLE  TREES— 100  varieties,  1  and  2  years 
50,000  PEAR  TREES— 1,  2  and  3  years 
50,000  CHERRY  TREES— 1  and  2  years 

a  nd  a  large  acreage  of  other  shade  and  ornamental  trees  all  of 
which  are  in  tine  condition  and  ready  for  immediate  shipment. 

(’an  we  talk  business?  If  you  intend  planting  stock  in  the 
spring,  won’t  you  kindly  fill  out  the  attached  coupon  and 
mail  same  to  us  today?  V on  do  not  place  yourself  under  any 
obligations  whatever  by  doing  this,  but  I  should  be  glad  to 
have  the  opportunity  of  giving  you  our  prices. 

New  catalogue,  on  how  to  grow  fruit  in  the  East  FREE. 
HARRISON’S  NURSERIES,  Berlin,  Md. 
__10  VALUABLE  FARMS  FOR  SALE  — 


20,000  PLUM  TREES— 1  and  2  years 
500.000  CALIFORNIA  PRIVET-all  trades 
10,000.000  STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 
100,000  NORWAY  MAPLES 
100,000  NORWAY  SPRUCE 


r 


HARRISON’S  NURSERIES,  Berlin,  Md. 

Name - - - 

Town _ 

State _ 

tercsted  in  the  following  for  spring  planting- 


County  _ 


_  I  am  in- 


I 


REASONS  WHY 

BLANCHARD’S 


ARE  THE  BEST 


BECAUSE 
BECAUSE 
BECAUSE 
BECAUSE 
BECAUSE 
BECAUSE 

SOME 

LION  BRAND  Lime-Sulphur 

Solution 

LION  BRAND  Bordeaux  Mixture 
LION  BRAND  Pure  Paris  Green 
LION  BRAND  Arsenate  of  Lead 


of 


Blanchard  is  the  OLDEST  manufacturer 
agricultural  sprays  iu  the  world. 

Blanchard  is  the  LARGEST  manufacturer  of 
agricultural  sprays  in  the  world, 

Blanchard  is  the  only  firm  whose  exclusive  bus¬ 
iness  is  manufacturing  sprays  and insscticides. 

Blanchard  is  the  only  manufacturer  of  a  COM¬ 
PLETE  LINE  or  agricultural  spi  aye. 
Blanchard’s  are  the  most  PERFECTLY 
EQUIPPED  factories  in  the  world. 

Blanchard  uses  his  own  improved  processes 
and  makes  nothing  but  insecticides  and  sprays, 

BLANCHARD  PRODUCTS 

LION  BRAND  Kerosene 

Emulsion 

LION  BRAND  Whale  Oil  Soap 
LION  BRAND  Insect  Powder 
LION  BRAND  Powdered  Tobacco 

Every  successful  grower  knows  he  must  spi-av  to  have 
an  orchard  constantly  increasing  in  value  and  earning 
capacity. 

it's  simply  a  question  whose  spraying  materials  to  use. 
Those  who  know  will  have  none  but  BLANCHARD 'S 
LION  BRAND,  because  of  their  scientific  formulas, 
perfection  in  manufacture,  and  dependable  uniformity 
in  quality  and  effectiveness.  Buy  from  your  local  dealer 
or  write  to  us  and  refuse  to  allow  any  one  to  substitute 
any  other  brand. 

LION  BRAND  PRODUCTS  ARE  GUARANTEED  UNDER  THE 
INSECTICIDE  ACT  OF  1910  BY 

THE  JAMES  A.  BLANCHARD  CO., 

522  Hudson  Terminal,  100  Broad  St., 

New  York  St.  Joseph.  Mich. 


PeachTrees 

fine,  stocky,  hardy,  grown 
on  the  bank  of  Lake  Erie. 
Free  from  borers  and  other 
diseases.  All  kinds  of  Fruit 
Trees  in  large  supply.  Head- 
uarters  for  Ornamentals. 
D  acres  in  Hardy  Boses, 
none  better  grown.  The  Best 
Flower  and  Vegetable 
Seeds.  44  greenhouses  of 
Everblooming  Boses, 
Palms,  Ferns,  Ficus,  Gera¬ 
niums,  and  other  things  too  numerous  to  mention. 
Mail  size  postpaid,  safe  arrival  and  satisfaction  guar¬ 
anteed.  Immense  stock  of  8UPEBB  CANNA8,  the 
queen  of  bedding  plants.  Acresof  Pmonlas  and  other 
Perennials.  No.  1  Catalog,  112  pages,  for  Fruits  and 
Ornamentals;  No.  2, 168  pages,  for  Seeds  and  Plants. 
Both  FBEE.  Direct  deal  will  Insure  you  the  best 
at  first  cost.  Try  It.  67  years.  1,200  acres.  (18) 

The  Storrs  &  Harrison  Co.,  Box  155,  Painesville,  0. 


FREE  BOOKLET 


“When,  How  and  Why  to  Spray,”  la 
filled  with  Interesting  and  valuable  spraying 


information.  Send  your  address  lor  a  Fkee  Copy. 


You  Can  Depend  on  These  Sprayers 

Don’t  waste  your  money  on  nncertain  sprayers  -  the 
kind  that  are  often  out  of  order.  The 


largest  fruit  growers  use  the  “Bardie” 
because  it’s  a  sprayer  with  the 
trouble  left  out. 
This  Hardie  No. 
2  PowerSprayer 
lias  160  gal  .tank, 
all  brass  pump, 
11  h.  p.  engine. 
Weight760lbs. 
Price  $180.00. 


rhe 

lardie  Sprayers 

•re  made  in  26  different  sizes  and 
tyles ;  prices  $8.60  to  $860.  Onr  cat- 
.logue  describes  these  sprayers, 
.nd  shows  you  the  best  way  to 
pray.  It’s  free.  8end  for  a  copy. 

THE  HARDIE  MFG.  CO. 

9-12  Mechanic  8t. ,  Hull  non,  Mlth. 
also  -19  tio,  Front  8t. ,  Portland,  Ore. 


Band  Outfit 


How 
I  Made 
The 
Old  farm 
Pay  JJ 


Increase 

Your  Farm  Profits 

Are  you  making  as  much  money  as 
you  can?  Let  us  tell  you  how  one 
acre  in  fruit  can  be  made  to  yield 
you  more  money  than  five  acres 
in  grain.  It  is  all  in  “How  I  Made 
The  Old  Fgrm  Pay, "by  Chas.  A. 
Green,  30  years  publisher  of 
Green’s  Fruit  Grower.  Tells 


v  . . . 

Xto  plant  an  orchard,  vineyard  or  berry  field 
#  get  biggest  crops,  what  varieties  will  pay  you 
/  best,  and  how  to  prepare  for  market.  This  ir 
tensely  interesting  book  sent  free  with  a  hand¬ 
some  catalog  of  high  grade  nursery  stock  a* 
wholesale  prices— no  agents.140,000  choicest 
apple  trees  for  sale  while  they  'ast.  Also  - 
100,000  privet  hedge  plants.  Established 
30  years.  Capital,  $100,000.00. 

Write  today. 

GREEN’S  NCRBERY  CO. 

Bor  22 

Rochester,  N.  Y. 


Deal  Directs**  Nursery 


and  save  the  agent’s  commission.  W e  sell 
only  high  grade  fruit  and  ornamental  trees, 
vines  and  shrubs. 

Write  for  our  valuable  Free  Book. 

JVc  grow  our  own  stock  and  guar  ante  t  it. 
ALLEN  L.  WOOD,  WoodUwn  Nurseries 
5<>G  Culver  Road  Rochester,  N.  V. 


EVERGREENS 

Nursery  grown,  suitable  for  all  pur¬ 
poses.  84.00  and  up  per  thousand.  We 
have  60  millions.  Our  low  prices  will 
astonishyou.  Also  Hardy  Forest  trees, 

Shade,  Ornamental  and  Fruit  trees, 

Shrubs,  Vines,  etc.  Our  beautiful  Cat¬ 
alog  is  crowded  with  valuable  informa¬ 
tion.  This  and  50  Great  Bargain  Sheet  are  Free.  | 
Send  for  them  today. 

D.  HILL  NURSERY  CO.,  Box  212,  Dundee,  III. 

Evergreen  Specialists 


12  FRUIT  TREES 


FOR  S8c 


WORTH 

$1.90 

1  Roosevelt,  1  Bradshaw  Plum,  1 
Niagara  Peach,  1  Bing,  1  Napo¬ 
leon,  1  Montmorency  Cherry,  1 
Baldwin,  1  McIntosh,  1  King 
Apple,  1  Orange  Quince,  1  Bartlett, 

1  Seckel  Pear.  All  first  class  trees, 

2  yr.,  4  ft  high  for  98c.  Everybody 
write  for  free  illustrated  catalogue. 

Maloney  Bros.  &  Wells,  Box  13  Dansville,  N.  Y. 


200  Varieties.  Also  Grapes,  Small  Fruits,  etc.  Best 

rooted  stock.  Genuine,  cheap.  2  sample  currants  mailed  for  10c. 

Catalog  free.  LEWIS  KOKSCH  A  SON,  Box  K  .Fredonla,  N.  V, 


5  Twon.y0.H"fdy  Grapevines  50  cts„ 

Sent  postpaid.  Best  varieties — red,  white,  black.  We  also 
Offer  Five  Three-Year-OKl  Vines  for  $1.00.  Will  bear  year 
after  planting.  Valuable  book  how  to  plant,  cultivate  and 
prune,  free  with  every  order.  Grapes  are  easily  grown 
and  should  be  in  every  garden.  Mention  this  paper  and 
we’ll  add  free,  one  new,  large,  red  currant. 

T.  S,  Hubbard  Co,,  Grapevine  Specialists,  350 Central  Ave.,  Fredonia,  N.Y. 
Established  I,!,  Years. 


PLANT  HARDY  TREES 

Healthy,  acclimated,  high  grade,  true  to  label  fruit  trees 
and  plants  for  Northern  States  at  wholesale  prices,  direcl 
from  nursery  to  planter.  Send  for  catalogue. 

CELERYCITYNURSERIESJesi^JQumszooJAicil 

1  AM  A  FARMER  and  have  FOR  SALE 

STRICTLY  CHOICE  CLOVER  SEED. 

Also  handle  Mammoth  and  Alsike  Clover,  Timothy 
and  Millet  Seed;  Reid’s  Yellow  Dent.  Learning, 
Boon  Co.  White.  Silver  Mine  and  the  big  Silo  fod¬ 
der  Seed  Corn.  Please  ask  for  samples  ami  price. 
1  also  buy  all  kinds  of  seed.  L.  F  STOKCKER, 
Farrudale  or  Peoria,  Ill.  Box  17. 


errne  that  do  not  disappoint 

^  >■  «■  I  I  ^  Sold  on  The  Ford  Plan,  which  guar- 
ll  I  I  II  ll  antees  satisfaction  and  saves  you 
■■  ■■  money  on  every  purchase.  Our  cat¬ 

alog  tells  about  it,  gives  descriptions  and  low  prices  on 
Best  varieties  Gai-den,  Flower  and  Field  Seeds,  Pota¬ 
toes,  Bulbs,  Trees,  Shrubs  and  Small  Fruit  Plants.  Con¬ 
tains  lots  of  testimonials  from  our  customers.  It’s  free. 

FORD  SEED  CO.,  Dept.  34,  Raveuna,  Ohio. 


FRUIT,  SHADE  and  ORNAMENTAL 
TREES,  SHRUBS  and  ROSES 

A  Large  Stock  of  the  Finest  Quality.  Also 
a  Full  Line  of  the  BEST  Spray  Pumps,  and 
Spray  Material.  Prices  Low  and  Satisfac¬ 
tion  Guaranteed-  We  Deal  Direct  with 
our  Customers.  Write  for  Price  List. 
CALL’S  NURSERIES,  Ferry,  Ohio. 


FRUIT  TREES 


Eldorado  Blackberries,  Strawberry  and 
Raspberry  Plants.  Catalog  free. 

BARNES  BROS.  NURSERY  CO. 

Box  8,  Yalesville,  Conn. 


11'  11 


2© 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


AN  OHIO  POTATO  CROP. 

I  bought  five  acres  of  land  adjoining 
my  farm.  The  price  was  $500 ;  I  bor¬ 
rowed  the  money  for  three  years,  think¬ 
ing  I  could  make  the  piece  of  ground 
pay  for  itself  by  that  time.  This  was 
in  April,  1909.  I  then  hired  it  plowed 
deeply,  it  being  clover  sod;  the  plow¬ 
ing  was  done  in  three  days  for  $7.  I 
harrowed  it  with  my  one  horse,  allow¬ 
ing  for  my  labor  $2.  I  bought  50  bush¬ 
els  of  fine  large  potatoes  for  seed  at  80 
cents  per  bushel,  $40.  I  then  hired 
labor  for  planting  May  15 ;  planting  was 
$(>.  They  were  planted  with  two-horse 
planter  about  eight  inches  apart,  from 
six  to  seven  inches  deep.  When  about 
to  come  up  I  harrowed  them  well  with 
one  horse  one  day,  $2 ;  then  when  they 


cality  we  should  experiment  with 
Hairy  vetch,  and  while  doing  so  put 
in  a  mixture  of  rye,  Crimson  clover 
and  Cow- horn  turnips.  The  Canada 
field  pea  is  best  to  seed  with  oats.  We 
cut  them  when  the  first  little  peas  are 
getting  hard  in  the  pod,  though  it  is 
hard  to  strike  the  exact  time.  Oats 
and  peas  should  give  from  two  to  three 
tons  of  cured  hay  per  acre. 


TAX  EXEMPTED  ORCHARDS. 

In  a  recent  issue  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  you 
refer  to  a  resolution  of  the  New  Hamp¬ 
shire  Horticultural  Society  favoring  the 
exemption  from  taxation  of  newly  set 
orchards  for  a  term  of  years.  Prob¬ 
ably  the  action  of  the  society  was  in¬ 
fluenced  by  an  article  which  I  wrote  for 


Reo  $1250 


Top  and  Mezger  Automatic  Windshield  extra 


Demand  proof  that  a  motor-car  will  give  you  what 
you  want  You  want  power,  speed,  comfort ;  but,  most 
of  all,  you  want  reliability  and  endurance. 

The  Reo  has  complete  proof.  First  the  25,000 
users  who  have  Reos  and  are  happy ;  but  it  is  hard 
to  get  at  all  of  them. 

Proof  of  power  :  The  Reo  holds  the  record  for  climbing  Mt.  Hamilton 
in  California,  a  climb  of  24^  miles  to  an  altitude  of  4200  feet  in  1  hour 
5  minutes,  and  did  it  in  foggy,  slippery  weather. 

Proof  of  speed  :  In  October  a  Reo  beat  a  Chalmers  by  10  miles  over 
50  miles  of  sandy  roads.  Time  57  minutes  43  seconds.  In  November,  a  Reo 
beat  the  field  at  Yonkers,  N.  Y.  Ten  miles  in  13  minutes  52  seconds. 

Proof  of  reliability  and  endurance:  The  10^  day-and-night  record 
from  New  York  to  San  Francisco  is  absolute  proof  of  this.  A  car  that  can 
run  continuously  day  and  night  for  4000  miles  over  such  roads 
as  the  Reo  encountered  can  be  absolutely  relied  upon  to  go 
wherever  you  want  it  to,  and  as  far  as  you  want.  There  is, 
nowhere  else,  such  proof  of  reliability. 

Proof  of  comfort :  Prove  it  yourself.  Get  next  to  a  Reo 
driver  and  let  him  take  you  out  on  a  bad  road. 

Send  for  catalogue  and  more  proof. 


You  can 
do  it 
with  a 


R  M  Owen  &  Co  Lansing  Mich  G«ngeer“{  ?^e*  Reo  Motor  Car  Co 

Licensed  under  Selden  Patent 


WINTER  IN  THE  WHITE  MOUNTAINS.  Fig.-  17 


were  all  up  about  three  to  four  inches  I 
cultivated  with  one-horse  cultivator  up 
close,  $3.  Later  I  went  through  with 
one-horse  double  shovel  plow  close  and 
deep,  $3 ;  lastly  with  double-shovel  plow 
once  in  a  row  deep,  $2.  This  finished 
till  digging  time,  which  cost  me  nearly 
$40.  I  used  no  fertilizer  at  all,  nor  did 
I  spray  them.  I  only  had  a  few  bugs, 
which  I  picked  off  at  the  cost  of  $2.  I 
had  no  bligh't  in  my  patch.  Others  were 
hurt  badly.  I  think  this  is  largely  the 
result  of  good  strong  seed.  My  ex¬ 
penses  with  potatoes  in  barn  are  $107. 
When  I  had  them  dug  I  had- 1,580  bush¬ 
els  of  marketable  potatoes  from  the  five- 
acre  lot.  My  whole  crop  was  large; 
they  were  the  Ohio  Carman  No.  3,  all 
the  one  kind.  I  shipped  and  sold  at  fit 
cents  per  bushel,  less  five  cents  freight 
per  bushel,  making  $884.80,  less  expenses, 
$107 ;  net  .$777.80.  This  was  1909  crop. 
Then  I  sowed  the  lot  to  wheat.  This 
harvest  thrashed  115  bushels  of  nice 
wheat.  I  have  it  back  in  clover  now 
this  year,  1910.  I  fertilized  my  potatoes 
on  three-quarters  of  an  acre,  used  about 
$15  worth.  I  got  195  bushels  of  pota¬ 
toes.  This  does  not  speak  well  for  fer¬ 
tilizer.  The  season  was  not  so  good,  too 


"New  England  Farms”  and  printed  in 
their  February  issue.  In  the  article  was 
a  proposition  which  I  consider  of  as 
much  or  more  importance  than  the  ex¬ 
emption  itself,  and  it  has  not  been  men¬ 
tioned  in  the  action  of  the  society;  this 
is  that  the  orchard  should  be  set  and 
cared  for  by  some  one  of  the  approved 
methods  and  under  the  direction  and 
approval  of  the  Horticultural  Depart¬ 
ment  of  the  State  College.  I  would 
like  to  see  the  work  of  our  State  Col¬ 
lege  exemplified  in  different  parts  of  the 
State,  not  only  in  orchards,  but  in  any 
other  way  that  might  be  possible,  as 
there  are  hundreds  of  farmers  that  are 
hard  to  reach  at  a  distance  from  the  in¬ 
stitution.  A.  I.:  LITTLEFIELD. 

New  Hampshire. 


A  White  Winter. — The  picture 
shown  at  Fig.  17  was  taken  near 
Franconia,  X.  H.,  and  shows  a  grove  of 
evergreens  after  a  snowstorm.  It  will 
appeal  to  some  of  our  readers  who  live 
in  warmer  climes,  and  who  were  out  in 
the  sun  working  the  soil  at  the  time  this 
picture  was  taken.  This  snow  may 
seem  a  handicap  to  such  people,  but  to 
New  Hampshire  the  Winter  weather  is 
becoming  an  asset,  for  thousands  of 
tourists  now  visit  the  State  to  enjoy 
skating  and  coasting  or  snowshoeing. 


ft  Make  Most  Money  For  Farmers  that  experienced  operators 

r  are  not  necesssary.  Any  one  can  set  up  and  run  an  American  mill  with  the  drawings 
and  instructions  we  furnish.  And  they  make  more  lumber  with  less  power  and_les9 
help  than  any  other  owine  to  their  Special  Time  and  Labor  Saving  Devices. 
Variable  Friction  Feed.  Improved  Giant  Duplex  Steel  Dogs.  Combined  Ratchet  Setworks 
and  Quick  Receder.  Rolled  Steel  Track.  Self-Oiling  Bearings  throughout.  Made  in  all 
Sizes— For  all  Powers. 

I _ I _ —  Uamai,  You  can  make  both  with  one  of  these  mills.  The  outfit 

LUmQcr  IS  IflUllcY  soon  pays  for  itself.  If  you  have  no  timber,  your  neinh- 
borshave.  Just  haul  the  outfit  to  the  logs,  cut  them  up.  move  on  to  the  next  job. 

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structive  catalogue.  _  It  illustrates,  describes  and 
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Planers  Edgers  Trimmers,  Etc. 

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•129  HOPE  ST.,  HACKETTSTOWN,  N.  J. 

1682  Terminal  Buildings,  New  York 


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perfect  broadcast  sower  for  all  grain 
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Saves  time,  saves  seed  and  gives  bigger  crops. 
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dry.  0.  v. 

Belleville,  O. 


OATS  AND  PEAS  AND  CORN. 

C.  J.  K.,  Northern  Allegany  Co.,  .V.  Y. — 
I  have  two  fields  of  about  nine  acres  each 
which  I  wish  to  rotate  with  corn  for  silo, 
and  oats  and  peas  for  hay.  Can  I  keep 
up  the  fertility  by  sowing  Mammoth  clover 
with  the  oats  and  peas,  to  be  plowed  under 
the  next  Spring  for  corn  and  sowing  some 
cover  crop  at  the  last  cultivation  of  corn 
to  plow  down  for  oats,  sowing  one-half  ton 
to  the  acre  of  ground  limestone  with  the 
oats  and  peas?  What  is  best  to  sow  with 
the  corn  for  a  cover  crop?  What  is  the 
best  kind  of  peas  to  sow  with  oats  to 

make  the  most  and  best  hay,  and  how 
much  seed  to  the  acre  of  the  mixture?  At 
what  stage  of  maturity  Is  it  best  to  cut 
them  to  make  the  best  nay?  What  tonnage 
to  the  acre  is  considered  a  fair  crop  of 
the  cured  hay? 

A  ns.— You  may  possibly  be  able  to 

keep  up  the  fertility  of  such  land  in 

this  way,  but  a  surer  way  would  be  to 

use  about  400  pounds  per  acre  of  a 
mixture  containing  300  pounds  acid 
phosphate  and  100  muriate  of  potash 
when  you  plant  corn.  This  will  keep 
np  the  fertility  and  probably  pay.  For 
a  cover  crop  in  the  corn  for  your  lo- 


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This  offer  is  on  Quaker  City  Mills— the  grinders  that  have  been  the  standard  of  quality 
for  over  41  years.  You  can  prove  at  our  risk,  that  the  Quaker  City  is  all  we  claim,  that 
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to  you  on  trial  without  trying  in  any  way  to  tie  you  up  to  keeping  it  if  it  isn’t  satis¬ 
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investment.  We  want  you  to  see  that  a  Quaker  City  Mill  has  the  widest  range 
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tages  of  Quaker  City  Mills.  The  new  attachment  grinds  husks,  with  the  cobs  and  corn.  Makes  I 
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A.  G.  Straxib  &  Co.,  3737  Filbert  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
Tlie  Machinery  Warehouse,  3707  So.  Ashland  Ave.,  Chicago,  I 


30 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


January  14, 


WATER  SUPPLY  FOR  BARN. 

S.  C.  2V,  Clymcr,  N.  Y. — I  enclose  a  sketch 
of  a  water  supply  I  have  installed  this 
Fall  and  it  works  welL  Now  1  would 
like  some  advice ;  the  line  passes  within 
40  feet  of  my  barn.  I  have  put  in  a  tee 
as  shown  in  sketch.  I  want  to  tap  the 
pipe  there  and  bring  water  to  barn.  If  I 
do  this  will  it  affect  the  faucet  in  the 
house?  Then  when  the  water  drops  be¬ 
low  the  six-foot  level,  as  it  will  in  Sum¬ 
mer,  shall  I  be  able  to  draw  it  by  faucet, 
as  now,  or  will  I  have  to  use  a  pump?  I 
would  have  to  use  a  pump  in  barn,  as  I 
would  always  be  above  the  water  line 
there.  But  I  don't  want  to  bring  it  into 
the  barn  unless  I  am  sure  it  would  not 
make  any  trouble  in  the  house. 

Ans. — The  syphon  action  of  the  water 
pipe  must  stop  as  soon  as  the  level  of 
water  in  the  well  reaches  the  level  of 
the  faucet  in  tile  house.  It  would  prob¬ 
ably  stop  before  this  point  is  reached, 


a  balanced  ration.  The  mulch  should 
be  heavy,  covering  the  ground  several 
inches  deep,  and  a  close  wire  cloth  or 
any  material  enclosing  the  trunk  of  the 
trees  to  keep  the  mice  from  girdling 
them  under  the  mulch.  The  common 
salt  would  not  benefit  them  at  all.  Prune 
the  trees  thoroughly,  and  fertilize  well 
is  the  secret  of  growing  quinces.  3 
The  clover  in  the  peach  orchard  will 
have  to  be  plowed  under  early  in  the 
Spring,  otherwise  an  early  drought 
might  prevent  it  being  done,  and  the 
clover  would  use  up  the  moisture  that 
the  peach  trees  need,  and  result  in  a 
stagnated  orchard  that  might  never  re¬ 
cover  from  the  effects  of  it.  Potatoes 
require  a  great  amount  of  moisture,  and 
also  potash  and  phosphoric  acid,  and 
these  are  very  essential  elements  in  the 


to  supply  water  sufficiently  rapidly  for  growing  of  a  peach  tree.  The  potato 
use.  If  an  arm  were  carried  to  the  must  be  protected  from  the  bugs  with 
barn,  to  which  a  pump  is  attached,  the  insecticides,  and  as  Paris-green  is  the 
effect  of  pumping  at  the  barn  might  be  popular  formula  for  the  potato,  *he  ma- 


to  lower  the  water  in  the  well  suf¬ 
ficiently  to  prevent  the  faucet  from 
flowing  strongly  in  the  house,  or  from 
flowing  at  all  until  the  water  had  again 
raised  in  the  well.  If  the  water  en¬ 
ters  the  well  slowly,  especially  during 
the  dry  part  of  the  year,  it  might  be 
possible  that  in  pumping,  the  water  in 
the  well  would  be  lowered  sufficiently 
to  uncover  the  lower  end  of  the  syphon 
in  the  well,  and  so  stop  the  flow  en¬ 
tirely  until  it  was  again  started.  If 
no  leakage  of  air  results  from  attach¬ 
ing  the  pump,  this  arrangement  would 
not  interfere  with  the  flow  at  the  faucet, 
except  at  the  time  of  pumping,  unless 
the  faucet  were  left  open,  or  if  the 
faucet  leaked  so  that  air  could  be 
drawn  in  there  through  the  suction  ef¬ 
fect  of  the  pump.  Any  leakage  there 
while  the  pump  was  being  worked 
might  permit  sufficient  air  to  be  drawn 
in  to  stop  the  action  of  the  syphon.  It 
may  be  possible  to  deepen  the  well  and 
get  a  sufficient  increase  of  flow,  so  that 
the  level  of  the  water  in  the  well  would 


terial  is  likely  to  be  sprayed  or  dusted 
on  the  foliage  of  the  peach,  and  as  the 
peach  leaf  is  sure  to  be  killed  if  Paris- 
green  is  used  on  it  ever  so  light,  there 
is  a  great  danger  of  ruining  the  peach 
while  protecting  the  potato.  Also 
Bordeaux,  that  is  so  popular  a  fungicide 
for  the  potato,  is  rank  poison  to  the 
foliage  of  the  peach.  I  am,  and  always 
have  been,  prejudiced  against  cropping 
a  peach  orchard  with  either  potatoes  or 
corn;  if  for  no  other  reason,  they  take 
up  the  moisture  the  peach  tree  should 
have.  Melons,  tomatoes,  carrots,  beets 
and  such  small  hoed  crops  are  best  for 
growing  in  young  orchards,  but  what¬ 
ever  crop  is  used  in  the  orchard,  it  must 
be  kept  perfectly  clean  and  thoroughly 
cultivated  to  retain  the  moisture.  Any 
neglect  on  this  score  means  a  failure  for 
the  orchard.  E.  s.  black. 


“Pa,  what  is  a  philosopher?”  “A 
philosopher,  my  boy,  is  one  who  tells 
other  people  that  their  troubles  don’t 
amount  to  much.”— Detrot  Free  Press. 


- PLANT - 

Dibble’s  Seed  Potatoes 


Grown  in  the  cold  north  on  soils  specially  adapted  to  each  variety,  they  are  full  of  vigor 
and  produce  larger  and  better  crops  than  those  from  any  other  source.  Scores  ot  farmers 
have  written  us  that  our  seed  potatoes  gave  them  over  twice  the  production  of  their  own 
seed;  therefore  plant  Dibble’s  seed  potatoes  and 

Double  Your  Crops 

We  are  seed  growers  and  have  over  1600  acres  in  our  own  seed  farms.  Last  season  we 
sold  the  production  of  over  4000  acres.  We  are  located  in  northwestern  New  York,  be¬ 
tween  the  Genesee  River  and  its  main  affluent,  the  Honeoye,  the  best  section  of  the 
Empire  State,  the  best  potato  State  of  the  Union.  Our  seed  potatoes  are  grown  either  on 
virgin  soil  or  on  clover  sod,  and  we  offer  you  over  60,000  bushels,  31  varieties  in  all,  that 
were  saved  from  fields  that  were,  to  the  best  of  our  knowledge  and  belief,  free  from 
disease.  Be  sure  and  plant,  healthy  seed  and 

AVOID  BLIGHT 

We  quote  you  extremely  low  prices,  as  we  sell  direct  from  our  seed  farms  to  yours. 
Our  catalog  describing  the  best  seed  potatoes,  oats,  corn,  alfalfa,  clover  and  grass 
seed,  the  leading  farm  seed  book  of  the  year,  is  free.  In  addition,  we  will  send  to  those 
who  ask  for  them,  two  concise,  instructive  little  booklets  written  by  our  Mr.  Dibble. 
“  Dibble  on  the  Potato  ”  and  “  Dibble  on  Alfalfa,”  absolutely  without  charge.  These 
booklets  are  not  advertising  matter  in  any  way,  but  contain  practical  information,  in 
fact  everything  any  one  wants  to  know  about  growing  potatoes  and  alfalfa,  written  by 
one  who  knows.  Address  — 

EDWARD  F.  DIBBLE,  Seedgrower,  Box  B,  Honeoye  Falls,  N.  Y. 


Dreers  Garden  Book 

i9u  E,di ti  on 


CONTAINS  hundreds  of  articles  by  horticultural 
experts,  telling  in  clear,  concise  language,  how  to 
grow  various  Flowers,  Plants,  Vegetables — about  soils, 
fertilizers,  times  and  methods  of  planting,  etc.  These 
arranged  conveniently  with  catalogue  descriptions, 
prices  and  pictures.  288  copiously  illustrated  pages,  8  color 
and  duotone  plates.  Describes  over  1200  varieties  of  Flower 
Seeds,  2000  kinds  of  Plants  and  600  varieties  of  Vegetables.  Rec¬ 
ognized  as  the  standard  publication  of  its  kind  for  over  70  years. 
Mailed  free  to  anyone  mentioning  this  magazine. 

714  Chestnut  Street, 
PHILADELPHIA. 


HENRY  A.  DREER, 


PIONEER 

SIS 


FOR  ALL  KINDS  OF 
CLOVER  and  FIELD 
SEEDS  also  GARDEN, 
FLOWER  SEEDS 
and  Implements 
Write  to  this  Old  Reliable 
House— Catalogue  Free 
and  Field  Seed  Price  List 
mailed  you  on  application. 


THE  HENRY  PHILIPPS  SEED  AND  IMPLEMENT  CO., Toledo.  0. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 

200  Acres  of  Them.  I  Grow  Nothing  Else. 

I  do  not  run  a  nursery— or  seed  business . 

I  devote  all  my  time  to  Strawberry 
Plant***  I  personally  superintend  my 
farm.  Every  plant  guaranteed  “true  to 
na^le.,,  Plants  grown  in  Natural  Strav> 
berry  Climate  ;  ‘soil  right,  too.  Strong 
rooted,  prolific  bearers.  Prices  right.  Get 
my  1911  Catalog.  Write  to-day.— NOW. 

W.  W.  THOMAS,  The  Strawberri  Plant  Man,  256Maln  Stjlnns, 


48  Million  Shortage 

Government  statistics  show  there  were 
48,000,000  bushels  less  of  potatoes  grown 
In  the  United  States  last  year  than 
In  1909.  This  with  Increasing  popu¬ 
lation  must  necessarily  make  a 
larger  demand  for  potatoes  In  1911. 

No  crop  as  a 

Money  Maker 

equals  it,  and  the  information  showing  how  to  grow 
for  profit  will  be  mailed  absolutely  free  to  any  one 
asking  for  it.  Our  president  has  devoted  over  fifty 
years  to  the  study  of  potato  culture  and  the  manufac¬ 
ture  of  machinery  for  handling  the  crop  In  all  stages. 

ASPINWALL  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

437  Sabin  Street,  Jackson,  Michigan,  U.  S.  A. 
World’s  Oldest  and  Largest  Makers  of  Potato  Machinery, 


D SEEDS 

ESTINTHEWORLD 

PRICES  BELOW  ALL  OTHERS 

a  lot  of  new  sorts  for 
with  every  order  I  fill. 
Grand  Big  Catalog  CPCC 
Illustrated  with  over  rllEIS 
700  engravings  of  vegetables 
and  flowers.  Send  yours  and 
neighbors’  addresses. 

Y,  Rockford,  Illinois 


not  materially  change  while  pumping. 

F.  H.  KING. 


GRAPES,  QUINCE  AND  PEACH  ORCHABDS 

E.  E.  B.j  Netc  Milford,  Comm. — 1.  1  have 
three  acres  of  grapes,  one-half  Concord  and 
the  other  half  Worden.  They  made  a  fine 
growth ;  should  I  cover  them  this  Win¬ 
ter  to  prevent  them  from  freezing?  2.  Do 
you  advise  salt  for  quince  trees  and  how 
much  per  tree,  trees  set  last  Spring? 

3.  I  have  set  3,000  peach  trees,  one  and 
two  years  old.  I  sowed  clover  (red)  in 
August  and  it  made  a  good  growth.  Do 
you  advise  planting  the  orchard  to  po¬ 
tatoes  next  year? 

Ans. — 1.  S.  E.  B.  might  find  it  a  paying 
proposition  to  lay  down  his  grape  vines 
before  Winter  sets  in.  The  Concord  is 
hardy  and  withstands  severe  Winters 
without  protection,  but  the  other  half 
of  the  vineyard  may  be  tender  and  need 
protection.  On  the  whole,  I  would  ad¬ 
vise  laying  down  the  vines,  as  it  would 
not  be  an  expensive  job,  and  it  certain¬ 
ly  would  be  a  benefit  to  them.  2.  The 
quince  requires  a  deep,  rich,  moist,  well- 
drained  soil  and  heavy  applications  of 
stable  manure  as  a  top-dressing,  or  a 
heavy  mulch  of  straw,  grass  or  any  ma¬ 
terial  that  will  retain  moisture,  and  in 
connection  with  the  stable  manure  a 
heavy  application  of  kainit  broadcast  at 
the  rate  of  1,000  pounds  per  acre — or 
500  pounds  of  muriate  of  potash ;  this 
will  furnish  what  the  quince  needs  as 


mt  y«u  Are9a  Progressive  Farmer 

is  the  Ownership  oi  a 

DAVENPORT  Roller -Bearing  Steel  Wagon 

You  know  a  fanner  by  the  implements  he  uses.  And  the  surest  sign 
of  progressiveness  is  in  the  Davenport  Roller-Bearing  Steel  Wagon. 
«Sfc=L^r  **  Some  day  every  farmer  will  own  a  Steel  Wagon.  But ‘the  far-sighted, 
money-making  farmer  of  today  is  using  the  Davenport  now — is  benefiting  from  its  many  advantages 
now.  He’s  setting  the  pace— his  neighbors  will  soon  follow,  but  he’s  getting  the  extra  satisfaction  now. 

You 
Know 
About 
This 

You  know  how  much  easier  it  is  to  roll  a  log  than  it  is  to  drag  it.  The  ordinary  wagon  is  little  more  than  dragged  in 
comparison  with  the  Davenport.  That  makes  the  wonderful  difference  in  the  draft.  Think  of  your  horses  when  you  buy 
your  next  wagon.  Remember  also  that  Roller-Bearings  mean  more  trips,  easier  trips,  with  fewer  horses. 

The  Davenport  owner  knows  the  value  of  these  features:  The  all-steel  construction  which  means  lifetime  service.  The 
guaranteed  capacity  of  6000  pounds  which  assures  safety  under  heavy  loads.  The  gears  of  solid  steel  rolled  into  its 
strongest  forms  and  trussed  like  a  bridge,  which  combines  lightness  and  strength.  The  wheels  of  steel,  with  strong, 
round  spokes  forged  solidly  into  the  hubs  and  hot-riveted  in  the  tires,  which  means  that  there’s  nothing  to  dry  apart, 
shrink,  rot  or  work  loose.  The  ROLLER-BEARINGS  insure  30  %  to  50%  lighter  draft. 

No  tires  to  set;  no  breakdowns;  no  repairs  and  the  automobile  hub  enables 
him  to  oil  without  removing  the  wheels. 

You  should  know  what  these  advantages  really  mean  to  you  now.  Write  ns  for  full  infor¬ 
mation  contained  in  Package  Ne.36.  and  we  will  be  pleased  to  write  you  fully,  whether  you 
are  in  the  market  now  or  not. 


Davenport  Wagon  Company,  Davenport,  Iowa 


The  Roller  Bearing. 


1911 


THE  RURAI<  NEW-YORKER 


31 


A  FARMING  TOWN  IN  SOUTHERN  NEW 
HAMPSHIRE. 

The  first  settlements  were  made  in  this 
town  near  the  close  of  the  seventeenth 
century,  and  were  made  up  almost  wholly 
of  children  and  grandchildren  of  the  Puri¬ 
tan  English  settlers  who  came  to  the  neigh¬ 
boring  town  of  Hampton  during  and  soon 
after  1638.  This  town  had  become  quite 
fully  settled  by  1773,  when  the  popula¬ 
tion  numbered  652.  Emigration  to  the  in¬ 
terior  towns  of  the  colony  began  at  the 
close  of  the  French  and  Indian  War  and 
continued  for  40  years  or  more,  but  fami¬ 
lies  were  large  iu  those  days,  and  the  popu¬ 
lation  gradually  increased  till  1840,  when 
the  permanent  inhabitants  numbered  about 
850.  There  has  since  been  a  small  but 
irregular  falling  off  to  the  present  figure, 
which  is  783.  The  change  in  the  character 
of  the  population  has  been  less  than  in 
many  country  towns.  The  census  of  1790 
gives  the  names  of  99  heads  of  families 
and  of  these  families  92  are  still  repre¬ 
sented  by  descendants  living  within  the 
limits  of  the  town  or  near  its  borders.  It 
follows  that  several  farms  have  been  in 
possession  of  the  same  family  for  six  or 
seven  generations.  One  piece  of  land  which 
I  now  own  has  never  been  conveyed  by 
deed  since  the  year  1708,  and  then  it  was 
by  a  deed  from  father  to  son  and  without 
consideration. 

This  has  always  been  almost  exclusively 
a  farming  community.  A  few  families  on 
the  seashore  depend  in  part  on  Summer 
boarders,  and  we  have  the  usual  number 
of  tradesmen  and  mechanics  needed  to 
supply  the  wants  of  a  country  town,  but 
we  have  no  manufacturing  of  any  descrip¬ 
tion.  The  grist  mills,  tan  yards  and  va¬ 
rious  forms  of  home  manufactures,  which 
were  here  100  years  ago,  have  long  since 
disappeared. 

The  type  of  farming  which  now  prevails 
is  very  different  from  that  of  the  former 
days  when  most  of  the  needs  of  the  family 
were  supplied  by  the  farm  itself.  i  re¬ 
member  when  considerable  grain  was  raised, 
but  now  ,  very  little  is  produced  except 
what  is  used  for  green  fodder.  There  was 
likewise  a  great  falling  off  in  field  corn, 
but  the  high  prices  of  the  last  few  years 
have  brought  about  a  revival  of  interest 
in  this  crop,  which  can  be  raised  to  per¬ 
fection  in  this  region,  if  the  flint  varieties 
are  planted.  Twenty-five  years  ago  pota¬ 
toes  were  raised  quite  generally ;  sometimes 
five  or  six  hundred  bushels  on  a  farm, 
but  now  the  quantity  raised  is  barely  suf¬ 
ficient  for  home  consumption,  and  some 
years  potatoes  are  shipped  iu  here  by  the 
carload.  Nevertheless  good  crops  can  be 
obtained  by  thorough  tillage  and  generous 
use  of  fertilizer.  There  is  always  a  good 
market  for  poultry  and  eggs  and  prac¬ 
tically  every  farm  has  a  flock  of  hens,  but 
I  know  of  no  case  where  this  is  made  the 
chief  business  of  the  farm.  Several  persons 
have  tried  to  carry  on  the  hen  business  on 
a  large  scale,  but  the  final  outcome  has 
usually  been  disappointing.  There  is  a 
fairly  good  demand  for  fresh  vegetables 
and  small  fruit  at  the  nearby  Summe:  re¬ 
sorts,  and  a  man  who  could  peddle  his 
goods  should  obtain  substantial  returns. 
Very  little  is  done  here  in  this  line  al¬ 
though  there  are  several  good-sized  truck 
farms  in  the  nearby  towns.  The  produc¬ 
tion  of  milk  for  the  Boston  market  has  be¬ 
come  the  principal  occupation  of  the  farm¬ 
ers  of  this  town.  The  milk  is  collected 
at  his  door  and  the  Winter  price  is  about 
38  cents  for  a  can  of  8Vt  quarts.  Very 
little  butter  is  made ;  nearly  all  we  use 
coming  from  Maine  and  Vermont.  The 
keeping  of  large  herds  of  cows  means  lots 
of  hard  confining  work,  and  the  profit 
seems  to  figure  out  pretty  small,  but  as 
farmers  continue  at  it  year  after  year  and 
seem  to  keep  in  fairly  comfortable  circum¬ 
stances  there  must  be  some  money  iu  it. 

I  have  heard  many  discussions  of  the 
orchard  question  as  applied  to  this  lo¬ 
cality,  and  1  hesitate  to  give  an  opinion 
on  it.  There  are  some  years  in  which 
substantial  returns  come  from  the  sale  of 
apples,  and  this  year  is  one  of  them. 
Apples  as  good  as  any  can  be  raised  here. 

I  think  there  is  no  doubt  on  this  point. 

A  few  days  ago  there  were  five  carloads 
sent  iu  a  single  shipment  from  our  station 
to  Chicago,  and  the  New  England  agent 
of  the  Canadiau  Pacific  Dispatch  tells  me  ■ 
there  is  a  good  demand  there  for  New  1 
England  Baldwins  of  good  quality,  and  that  ; 
is  the  variety  mostly  raised  in  this  region.  i 
1  hear  many  of  my  friends  declare  that 
the  labor  and  expense  of  caring  for  an  or¬ 
chard  makes  the  business  unprofitable  and 
very  few  young  orchards  are  being  planted. 

I  set  out  a  small  orchard  two  years  ago, 
and  I  was  given  to  understand  that  my 
courage  was  more  to  be  admired  than  my 
judgment.  It  is  my  idea  that  the  or¬ 
chards  have  not  had  a  fair  show,  and  that 
if  they  were  regularly  and  properly  culti¬ 
vated,  fertilized,  pruned  and  sprayed  a  dif¬ 
ferent  story  might  be  told. 

The  sale  of  standing  timber  has  been  an 
important  source  of  income  to  many  of  our 
farmers.  This  section  was  originally  an 
unbroken  forest,  mostly  of  pine  and  hem¬ 
lock,  and  although  there  are  some  valuable 
lots  still  standing,  the  inroads  of  the  past 
30  years  have  made  great  changes.  A 
sale  amounting  to  five  or  six  thousand  dol¬ 
lars  has  not  been  uncommon,  and  I  have 
personal  knowledge  of  a  farm  iu  a  nearby 
town  from  which  the  owners  have  received 
for  the  sale  of  standing  growth  about 
850,000  within  the  last  five  years,  and 
many  acres  still  remain  untouched. 

The  subject  of  taxes  is  of  importance  in 
a  farming  community  and  in  this  regard 
we  are  fairly  fortunate.  Our  rate  is  814 
per  thousand,  divided  about  as  follows : 
State  tax,  83 ;  county,  82.60 ;  schools, 
•83.65 ;  highways,  82,  and  miscellaneous, 
82.75.  The  valuation  is  considered  as 
low  rather  than  high,  and  is  probably  in 
most  cases  well  inside  the  forced  selling 
value  of  the  property.  No  separate  poll 
tax-  is  levied  in  New  Hampshire,  but  each 
citizen  voter  between  the  ages  of  21  and 
<0  is  assessed  at  8100.  and  this  is  added 
to  the  valuation  of  his  other  property, 
lhere  has  been  an  increase  in  our  tax  rate 
of  about  40  per  cent  during  the  past  six 
years,  owing  to  a  great  increase  in  the 
fetate  tax  and  a  number  of  unusual  local 
expenses,  among  them  the  building  of  a 
8o,000  library,  the  payment  for  which  was 
wholly  met  by  taxation.  Our  town  is  free 
from  debt  and  has  practically  no  paupers 
to  support. 

I  have  noticed  in  your  paper  figures  as 
to  the  value  of  real  estate  in  different 
localities.  With  us,  arable  land  in  good  i 


condition  is  worth  from  860  to  $100  per 
acre ;  woodland  from  $100  to  $200  if  cov¬ 
ered  with  good-sized  growth,  although  I 
know  of  one  lot  of  48  acres  sold  for 
$500  per  acre.  This  was  the  farm  in  a 
neighboring  town  which  I  have  mentioned 
before.  Good  pasture  land  is  considered 
worth  $25  to  $30  per  acre,  but  old  and 
run-out  pastures  are  sometimes  sold  as  low 
as  $10.  Most  of  our  farms  are  well  pro¬ 
vided  with  buildings,  and  they  usually  rep¬ 
resent  an  investment  of  four  to  six  thou¬ 
sand  dollars  if  the  building  site  be  in¬ 
cluded.  In  some  cases  the  replacement 
value  would  be  more  than  this ;  say  eight 
to  ten  thousand.  Men  who  have  done  much 
traveling  about  the  country  have  told  me 
that  it  is  very  rare  to  find  a  locality  where 
the  average  farm  is  so  well  provided  with 
comfortable  and  substantial  buildings. 

It  is  a  general  opinion  that  this  is  a 
very  good  place  for  a  farmer  to  live,  pro¬ 
vided  he  owns  his  farm  unincumbered  and 
has  a  few  thousand  dollars  in  available 
capital  besides.  It  is  considered  a  risky 
proceeding  for  a  man  to  run  in  debt  for 
his  farm.  That  is  to  say,  a  man  may  ex¬ 
pect  a  living  from  his  farm,  but  must  not 
hope  for  much  returns  on  invested  capital. 

I  think  more  intensive  agriculture  would 
result  in  greater  returns,  but  this  is  often 
impracticable  on  account  of  the  scarcity 
of  labor.  If  a  man  is  so  fortunate  as  to 
have  one  or  two  sons  old  enough  to  work 
on  the  farm  and  willing  to  do  so  he  has 
a  good  chance  to  make  good  in  the  busi¬ 
ness.  One  of  my  neighbors  who  milks 
about  30  cows  reports  that  a  keeping  of 
individual  milk  and  feed  records  has 
greatly  increased  the  efficiency  of  his  plant. 
It  is  very  easy  to  suggest  changes  which 
in  theory  should  make  a  generous  in¬ 
crease  in  the  farmer’s  income,  but  the  prac¬ 
tical  end  of  the  problem  is  a  much  more 
complicated  matter.  e.  m.  s. 


FERTILIZING  FOR  POTATOES. 

I  would  like  to  plant  potatoes  in  the 
Spring  iu  an  old  field  that  has  not  been 
farmed  for  at  least  seven  years;  still  it  is 
not  a  field  that  was  previously  farmed  to 
death,  being  practically  new  ground.  It  is 
not  very  rough,  or  grown  up  to  anv  ex¬ 
tent.  I  intend  to  clean  it  off  and  give  it 
a  good  plowing  and  harrowing  with  a 
spring-tooth  harrow.  After  digging  pota¬ 
toes  I  wish  to  seed  down  to  rye  or  wheat 
(it  is  level  ground)  for  a  grass  crop.  What 
fertilizer  would  you  advise,  and  what  should 
it  contain?  l.  l.  r. 

Stroudsburg,  Pa. 

In  such  a  case  unless  we  had  had  ex¬ 
perience  in  using  the  separate  chemicals 
we  would  use*  900  pounds  or  more  per 
acre  of  one  of  the  high  grade  potato  fer¬ 
tilizers  with  about  3%  per  cent  nitrogen, 
eight  per  cent  phosphoric  acid  and  six  per 
cent  potash. 


Killing  Out  Dodder. 

There  are  some  farmers  who  have  dod¬ 
der  or  “daughter,”  as  they  call  it,  in  their 
clover  and  would  like  to  find  out  how  to 
get  rid  of  it.  t  e.  e.  l. 

This  dodder  question  comes  in  every  day. 
The  dodder  is  a  parasi.te  which  "grows 
around  ,  the  stems  of  clover  and  Alfalfa  and 
strangles  them.  The  seed  usually  comes 
as  an  adulteration  of  clover  or  Alfalfa 
seed.  If  left  alone  it  will  spread  through 
the  field.  Plowing  and  growing  a  culti¬ 
vated  crop  for  several  years  will  kill  out 
the  dodder,  but  if  you  want  to  keep  on 
cutting  the  clover  crop  you  must  kill  off 
the  dodder  spots.  This  is  done  by  mowing 
off  everything  where  the  dodder  is  found 
several  feet  outside  of  the  dodder  plants. 
Let  this  hay  dry,  then  pour  kerosene  all 
over  and  burn  the  spot  over.  Do  not  buy 


any  clover  or  Alfalfa  seed  unless  guaran¬ 
teed  free  from  dodder. 


Hucksters  and  storekeepers  here,  25 
miles  w'est  of  Indianapolis,  pay  seven  cents 
each  for  rabbits.  They  are  retailed  in  In¬ 
dianapolis  for  25  cents  each.  We  have  di¬ 
rect  shipping  facilities  to  Indianapolis  via 
Big  Four  It.  R.  and  ,J.  C.  T.  U.  Traction 
Line.  j.  h. 

Danville,  Ind. 

As  a  plain  proposition,  when  a  man  re¬ 
ceives  seven  .cents  for  a  rabbit  which  later 
retails  for  25  cents  he  receives  28  cents  of 
the  consumer’s  dollar. ,  He  is  doing  a  little 
better  than  some  growers  of  fruit  and  po¬ 
tatoes  who  have  sent  us  records. 

Producer’s  Share  of  ’  Hats. -r-Consul 
Cheney  of  Curacao,  gives  some  .notes  on  the 
straw  hat  industry  in  the  Dutch  West  Indies. 
How  much  does  the  hat  cost  you?  ‘Since 
the  failure  of  the  phosphate  and  salt  busi¬ 
ness  more  than  half  the  exports  from 
Curacao  consist  of  straw  hats,  the  making 
of  which  gives  employment  to  thousands 
of ,  women,  who  earn  from  three  to  six 
cents  a  day,  according  to  their  skill.  The 
straw; is  jipijapa,  from  Venezuela,  and  the 
material  for  a  hat  that  sells  for  eight  cents 
costs  about  three  cents.  A  skilled  woman 
can  make  one  hat  a  day.  The  government 
furnishes  straw  for  manv  of  the  very  poor. 
Syrians  buy  most, of  the  hats  and  sell  them 
to  exporters  at  a  uniform  profit  of  two 
cents  a  dozen.  They  go  to  New  York, 
where  they  receive  a  finish,  and  are  sent 
south  and  west.  The  invoice  value  lately 
has  been  about  $1.08  per  dozen.  Made  by 
hand,  they  have  to  compete  with  cheap 
machine-made  hats.  A  better  grade  is  made 
to  a  small  extent,  and  the  amount  is  in¬ 
creasing,  as  the  government  has  estab¬ 
lished  a  school  to  teach  fine  hat  braiding. 
Almost  all  of  these  hats  go  to  Europe. 


Send  Free  Cou¬ 
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rntt  ■ 

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Department  3581,  Davenport,  Iowa  wOUpOll  J 


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Gentlemen:  Without  any  obligations  whatever  on  me, 
send  me  (free  and  prepaid)  your  catalogs  and  all  particulars 
of  your  introductory  free  trial  offer  on  Schmidt’s  Chilled 
Cylinder  Gasoline  Engine,  also  your  new  book.  "How  to 
Use  Power  on  the  Farm.” 


Name 


J  Address 


3LJ 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


THE  GRIMES  GOLDEN  APPLE. 


The  world  would  soon  have  forgotten 
Thomas  Grimes,  the  West  Virginia  farmer, 
had  he  devoted  his  life  to  growing  ordin¬ 
ary  farm  crops.  He  gave  the  world  the 
Grimes  Golden  apple,  and  thus  will  live 
in  song,  story  and  pie  crust  long  after 
great  captains  of  industry  have  passed 
away.  The  latest  effort  to  do  him  justice  is 
the  following  by  Walt  Mason  : 

“Where  is  the  stately  Mr.  Grimes,  the 
noblest  man  of  modern  times,  whose  ap¬ 
ple  soothes  and  pleases?  He  surely  is  a 
crackerjack ;  I’d  to  pat  him  on  the  hack, 
and  hold  him  on  my  kneeses.  I’d  like  to 
fold  him  to  my  breast,  and  say :  ‘Your 
apple  is  the  best  that  ever  grew  and 
ripened ;  I  think  so  much  of  you  that  I 
would  share  with  you  my  pumpkin  pie, 
my  taxes  or  my  stipend.’  O  let  the  good 
old  name  of  Grimes  be  sounded  by  the 
evening  chimes,  and  blazoned  on  the  hoard¬ 
ing  ;  his  apple  drives  dull  care  away,  and 
makes  each  heart  seem  light  and  gay,  down 
here  where  I  am  boarding.  O  let  the 
noble  name  of  Grimes  be  handed  down  to 
future  times,  embalmed  in  song  and  story; 
his  apple  cheers,  inspires  and  thrills,  in¬ 
cites  to  splendid  deeds,  and  fills  our 
boarding-hyouse  with  glory.  ’Twould  be 
the  foulest  of  all  crimes  if  nevermore  the 
name  of  Grimes  should  be  on  earth  par¬ 
aded  ;  for  he  has  brought  a  new  delight — 
an  apple  that  the  gods  would  bite — and 
has  old  Burbank  faded.  O  Grimes,  I  lack 
the  poet's  speech,  or  I  would  tell  you  what 
a  peach  you  are,  you  dear  old  lummix ! 
You’ve  poured  some  balm  upon  our  smarts  ; 
you’ve  surely  reached  the  people’s  hearts, 
and  reached  them  through  their  stomachs!” 


BUYING  A  FEED  MILL, 

When  buying  a  feed  mill  it  is  a  good 
plan  to  see  the  mills  of  different  kinds  in 
operation,  and  note  the  kind  of  feed  pro¬ 
duced.  Failing  in  this  one  must  depend 
upon  what  the  maker  says,  or  get  the  mills 
on  trial.  There  are  two  general  kinds  of 
corn  and  cob  power  mills ;  one  kind  has  a 
crusher,  above  the  main  shaft  and  geared 
to  it,  for  the  purpose  of  breaking  up  the 
cob  into  small  chunks  ready  for  the  burrs 
or  grinding  plates ;  another  and  simpler 
style  has  the  crusher  on  the  main  shaft 
with  the  grinding  plates.  The  latter  is 
preferable,  because  there  are  no  gears  or 
extra  belt  to  bother  with  and  cause  extra 
friction,  and  the  mill  has  but  two  bearings. 
Such  a  mill  consists  essentially  of  a  crusher 
to  break  up  the  ears  and  to  feed  the 
pieces  into  the  burrs,  and  the  burrs  or 
grinding  plates  to  fine  the  product.  The 
other  parts  are  the  shaft,  frame,  bearings, 
pulley  and  regulating  screw.  The  make 
of  the  mill  is  not  so  important  as  the 
kind.  Get  the  simplest  kind  and  avoid 
trouble.  There  are  fine  and  coarse  grind¬ 
ing  plates ;  the  coarse  grinding  plates  haje 
a  force  feed  and  a  shear  cut,  while  the 
others  have  a  less  rapid  feed  and  a  grind¬ 
ing  or  rubbing  action.  For  feed  grinding 
the  coarse  plates  should  be  used,  while 
for  table  meal  or  graham  the  fine  grinding 
plates  should  be  used  and  set  to  run  as 
close  together  as  practicable.  The  writer 
has  seen  several  makes  of  feed  mills,  and 
believes  there  is  but  little  choice  among 
them.  However,  it  is  well  to  get  a  mill 
capable  of  grinding  cob  meal  fine,  should 
one  desire  it,  as  well  as  coarse,  to  see 
that  the  mill  is  mounted  on  a  substantial 
iron  frame,  and  that  it  is  suited  to  the 
power  available.  All  the  mill  makers  give 
a  broad  guarantee  of  satisfaction,  and  it 
would  seem  that  the  purchaser  runs  but 
little  risk  in  securing  a  mill  for  any  need. 

Ohio.  W.  E.  DUCKWALL. 


CROPS  AND  PRICES. 

This  closes  one  of  the  driest  years  ever 
known  around  here,  and  I  think  half  the 
wells  have  failed.  Some  families  have 
hauled  their  drinking  water  a  mile  or 
more.  In  spite  of  this  we  had  Summer 
showers  enough  to  keep  the  top  of  the 
ground  in  good  condition,  and  most  crops 
were  fully  up  to  the  average  in  both  quan¬ 
tity  and  quality.  e.  m.  s. 

New  Hampshire. 

Potatoes  were  light  in  yield,  good  size 
and  excellent  quality,  selling  at  90  cents  and 
$1  per  bushel.  These  prices  are  for  home¬ 
grown,  shipped  stock  selling  at  50  and  (JO 
cents  per  bushel.  Wheat  got  a  poor  star 
by  reason  of  drought.  Eggs  40  cents  a 
dozen ;  butter  35  cents  per  pound ;  milk 
9  cents  a  quart;  chickens  15  to  18  cents 
per  ipound  dressed.  Hay  $16  per  ton ; 
dressed  hogs  10  cents  per  .pound ;  apples  $1 
per  bushel.  w.  d. 

Crookesville,  O. 

A  rainy  day,  and,  oh,  how  we  need  the 
rain  !  Hardly  a  well  in  this  section  in 
use.  Farmers  nearly  all  hauling  all  water 
used.  I  read  of  one  farmer  selling  350 
gallons  of  water  daily  in  Norwich,  a  city 
of  20,000,  a  dozen  miles  south,  at  five 
cents  a  quart.  Another  wealthy  farmer 
•with  a  deep  artesian  well,  and  water  in 
abundance,  bought  a  tank  wagon  and  de¬ 
livers  a  tankful,  400  gallons,  to  surround¬ 
ing  farmers  at  one  dollar.  Quite  a  dif¬ 
ference  in  price  between  four  gallons  for 
one  cent  and  20  cents  per  gallon  !  My  own 
well  in  low  ground  has  not  yet  failed. 

I’ackerville,  Conn.  e-  P-  r- 

We  are  having  steady  Winter  weather 
with  no  extremes  so  far,  favoring  the 
fruit  prospects,  as  buds  are  in  good  shape. 
We  are  hauling  mulch  around  the  trees, 
while  other  orchard  work  cannot  be  done. 
Farmers’  orchards  generally  are  neglected 
and  will  not  produce  anything  but  a  local 
supply  of  wormy  and  cider  apples  as  long 
as  thorough  spraying  is  neglected,  and 
trees  are  hurt  some  by  being  thoroughly 
covered  in  many  cases  with  scurfy  bark- 
louse.  The  market  for  good  sound  fruit  is 
good,  and  with  good  methods  of  growing, 
spraying  and  mulching  there  is  the  promise 
of  good  profits  in  apple  culture,  as  with 
most  other  fruit  in  this  locality.  c.  w. 

Wayne  Co.,  Ohio. 

We  are  having  an  old-fashioned  Winter, 
have  had  nearly  two  months  already.  It 
has  been  to  zero  several  times.  It  is  good 
weather  for  feeding  stock,  but  there  is 
not  a  very  large  amount  being  fed.  Meat 
prices  have  fallen  off  since  cold  weather 
came.  Some  say  that  it  is  due  to  the  large 
corn  crop,  but  the  corn  is  not  on  the  mar¬ 
ket  in  the  shape  of  meat.  There  probably 
will  be  more  stock  fattened,  than  usual,  but 
I  think  it  premature  to  give  this  as  the 
reason  for  the  decline.  I  think  the  true 
reason  can  be  attributed  to  the  packers ; 
an  investigation  I  think  would  be  in  order 
and  a  good  thing .  for.  .the.  .farmer.. . . 

Canandaigua  Co.,  N.  Y.  fi.  T.  b. 


We  have  been  having  plenty  of  Winter 
since  early  November.  Very  dry  all  Sum¬ 
mer  and  still  dry,  wells  and  springs  dry 
that  never  were  known  to  fail  before. 
People  are  busy  hauling  water.  Wheat 
was  sown  last  Fall  in  dry  ground  and  not 
looking  very  well ;  thin  on  the  ground. 
Prices  as  follows :  Butter,  32  cents  per 
pound ;  eggs,  35  cents  per  dozen ;  wheat, 
93  cents  per  bushel ;  corn,  $1  per  barrel  of 
106  pounds ;  hay,  $18  to  $20  per  ton ; 
hogs,  dressed,  10  to  11  cents  per  pound; 
horses  selling  from  $75  to  $275  accord¬ 
ing  to  quality  ;  cows,  from  $45  to  $100  per 
head.  Prospects  look  good  at  present  for 
a  peach  crop.  Farms  selling  from  $60  to 
$lr>0  per  acre.  s.  w.  M. 

Washington  Co.,  Md. 

We  live  in  what  is  known*  as  the  “wheat 
belt,”  and  most  of  our  land  is  sown  to 
wheat,  which  looks  rather  poor  on  account 
of  drought.  The  soil  is  good,  no  rock,  a 
little  sand.  Water  is  fine  and  abundant, 
at  an  average  depth  of  20  to  30  feet,  sheet 
water,  and  everywhere  on  the  Arkansas 
Valley  and  upland.  In  the  valley  proper 
is  it  only  three  to  six  feet  depth.  Far¬ 
ther  west  it  is  higher  in  elevation  and 
water  farther  down,  on  the  uplands  as  you 
get  away  from  the  river,  but  the  soil  is 
generally  all  good,  and  with  proper  amount 
of  rain*  fall  will  raise  good  crops.  The 
price  of  land  here  is  from  $50  to  $75 
per  acre,  perhaps  it  would  average  $60, 
depending  on  location  and  improvements. 
The  land  100  miles  west  js  just  about  the 
same  in  quality  and  can  be  bought  yet  at 
from  $12  to  $30  per  acre,  away  from  the 
river  and  towns,  but  such  land  put  into 
crops  suitable  to  the  West,  with  its  less 
rainfall  makes  a  good,  fair  home,  for  a 
person  with  limited  means.  Land  here 
and  West  is  continually  on  the  rise,  and 
is  yet  the  best  place  for  a  poor  man  I 
know  of,  if  he  has  money  enough  to  pay 
for  his  home,  or  most  of  it.  d.  h.  w. 

Macksville,  Kan. 


on.  If  the  goods  we  order  do  not  weigh 
over  four  pounds  we  have  the  merchant 
add  something  else  that  we  can  use.  The 
mail  carrier  does  not  charge  anything  for 
carrying  goods  that  weigh  over  four 
pounds.  Goods  that  are  too  heavy  and 
would  prevent  the  carrier  from  delivering 
mail  on  time  are  not  accepted.  A.  s. 

Laddonia,  Mo. 


We  are  not  in  favor  of  a  limited  parcels 
post.  When  we  want  to  purchase  some 
article  from  our  home  merchant  we  call 
up  the  merchant  over  the  telephone,  tell¬ 
ing  the  merchant  what  we  want  and  ask¬ 
ing  him  to  deliver  the  goods  to  the  mail 
carrier,  who  goes  over  the  route  we  live 


The  “Inside  Ballot.” — See  clipping  at¬ 
tached  for  English  apples.  I  think  the 
farmer  got  $2.25  for  his  apples  here. 

“FRANKLIN,  N.  II.,  Dec.  29. — While 
packing  apples  for  shipment  at  Benjamin 
Little’s,  in  Webster,  last  Fall,  Miss  Myra 
Little  put  a  letter  in  one  of  the  barrels, 
with. a  request  that  whoever  purchased  the 
fruit  answer  the  letter.  Yesterday  Miss 
Little  received  a  letter  from  a  lady  in 
London,  England,  saying  that  she  paid 
$5.25  for  the  apples,  and  that  they  were 
of  fine  quality.”  w.  j.  n. 

Concord,  N.  H. 

R.  N.-lr. — Here  we  have  a  scant  43  cents 
of  the  consumer's  dollar — quite  a  little 
above  the  average — with  the  grower  to  pay 
for  the  barrel. 

Express  Charges. — I  shipped  a  hamper 
of  sweet  potatoes  from  here  to  Catskill, 
N.  Y.,  (Adams  Express)  which  cost  me  60 
cents  and  the  express  charges  were  $1.46. 
What  do  you  think  of  that?  G.  p. 

Millville,  N.  J. 

R.  N.-Y. — All  our  thoughts  on  this  sub¬ 
ject  run  into  one  channel — we  shall  con¬ 
tinue  to  be  held  up  until  we  have  a  fair 
parcels  post. 

Another  Express  “Kick.” — Here  is  an¬ 
other  kick  against  the  holdup  express  com¬ 
pany.  We  ordered  an  article  from  New 
York,  valued  at  $1.15,  express  charges 
$1.10.  If  we  had  parcels  post,  40  cents 
would  have  carried  it.  Even  now  I  could 
take  the  same  article,  weight  five  pounds, 
mail  it  here  at  Neosho,  Mo.,  and  send  it 
to  the  center  of  Europe,  and  do  it  for  60 
cents.  It  is  just  as  Barnum  said.  H.  h. 

Neosho,  Mo. 

r.  n.-Y. — We  get  the  full  force  of  this 
express  monopoly  this  year  in  trying  to 
send  goods  to  Florida.  That  is  enough  of 
itself  to  make  one  a  rabid  parcels  poster. 


January  14, 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


Wliat  Even  Sowing  Means. 

Even  sowing  means  even  growing, 
even  ripening  and  proper  grading  of 
the  grain.  The  feed  of  a  grain  drill, 
as  well  as  the  furrow  opening  devices, 
are  of  great  importance.  Some  styles 
of  furrow  openers  are  best  adapted  to 
one  kind  of  soil  and  some  to  others. 
But  the  farmer  who  realizes  that  seed 
sown  in  a  wide,  broad,  flat  seed  bed 
will  do  better  than  if  narrowly  con¬ 
fined  will  investigate  the  Farmers’  Fa¬ 
vorite  “Plowfur”  Single  disc,  which  has 
a  shield  shaped  like  the  mouldboard 
on  a  plow.  The  Farmers’  Favorite 
Grain  Drill,  manufactured  by  The 
American  Seeding-Machine  Co.,  Incor¬ 
porated,  Springfield,  Ohio,  is  positive  in 
its  sowing  of  all  known  seeds,  both 
large  and  small,  as  well  as  all  kinds 
of  fertilizers.  It  is  a  decided  success 
in  all  parts  of  the  world  where  grain 
is  raised.  It  is  made  in  large  variety 
of  styles  and  sizes,  fully  and  honestly 
guaranteed  to  do  the  best  possible  work. 
Wherever  you  live  or  whatever  your 
seeding  conditions  may  be  you  can  get 
a  Farmers’  Favorite  Drill  that  will  do 
your  work  as  you  want  it  done.  Send 
to  the  manufacturers  for  their  Farm¬ 
ers’  Favorite  catalogue,  and  go  to  your 
local  implement  dealer  and  insist  on 
seeing  the  Farmers’  Favorite. 

A  BEAUTIFUL  FARM  FUR  SALE  in  the  finest  fruit 
growing  and  trucking  section  in  the  world: 
fertile  soil  and  fine  climate:  also  a  beautiful  water 
front  farm  with  timber.  For  full  particulars  ad¬ 
dress  SAMUEL  P.  WOODCOCK,  Salisbury, 
Wicomico  County,  Maryland. 


GOLD  MEDAL  CORN! 

THE  ONLY  GOLD  MEDAL 

Given  at  the  Great  New  England  Corn  Exposition, 

Held  at  Worcester,  Mass.,  November  7th  to  12th,  was 

Awarded  to  Hon.  THEODORE  C.  BATES, 

For  CROP  and  for  EXHIBIT 

Those  who  visited  the  Corn  Exposition  will  recall  the  Great  Pyramid  and  Great  Cone  of  Com  near  the  entrance. 


There 
Were 
2000 
Perfect 
Ears 
on  the 
Pyramid 

from  12J4  to 
14  inches 
long. 


GOLD  MEDAL  CORN  GROWN  ON  PERUVIAN  VEGETABLE  GROWER 

On  One  Acre  of  Flint  Corn  Mr.  Bates  Raised 
One  Hundred  Seventy-Three  and  Three- 
Tenths  (173.3)  Bushels  of  Ears  Weigh¬ 
ing  70  Pounds  to  the  Bushel 


There 
Were 
3000 
Perfect 
Ears 
on  the 
Cone 

none  of  them 
less  than  12 
inches  long. 


Allowing  43  per  cent  for  moisture  and  cob,  and  reducing  to 
12  per  cent  moisture  basis  (average  moisture  in  crib-dry  corn) 
we  find  that  Mr.  Bates  produced 

One  Hundred  Forty  and  Three-Tenths 
Bushels  (140.3)  of  Shelled  Corn  Per  Acre 


(56  lbs.  of  shelled  corn  to  the  bushel) 

MANUFACTURED 


The  yield  was  certified  to  by  three  competent  men  (as 
sworn  to  by  them  before  the  clerk  of  the  courts  at  Worcester, 
Mass.)  The  Worcester  Magazine  says: — 

*  ‘  The  authorities  present  at  the  Corn  Show  gioe  this  yield  the 
credit  of  excelling  any  record  of  Flint  Corn  in  this  country. 

Truly  a  wonderful  tribute  to  Mr.  Bates’s  skill  as  a  farmer, 
to  New  England  soils,  and  to 

PERUVIAN  VEGETABLE  GROWER 

with  which  this  remarkable  crop  was  raised. 

If  you  are  a  business  farmer  you  ought  to  know  more 
about  Peruvian  Vegetable  Grower,  the  Highest  Grade  Corn 
and  Vegetable  Fertilizer  on  the  market. 


ONLY  BY 


THE  COE-MORTIMER  COMPANY, 

Sole  Manufacturers  of  E.  Frank  Coe  Fertilizers  and  Peruvian  Brands 


24-26  Stone  Street, 
NEW  YORK  CITY 


WATCH  FOR  OUR  ANNOUNCEMENTS 
OF  OUR  OTHER  PRIZE  WINNERS 


If  you  have  not  received  a  copy  of  our  handsome 
ANNUAL  MEMORANDUM  book,  we  shall  he  glad 
to  send  you  one  ifyou  mention  Rural  New-Yorker. 


rtJ3C 


1911. 


33 


THE  COST  OF  AN  APPLE  ORCHARD. 

One  of  our  readers  wants  to  know  the 
cost  of  developing  an  orchard  to  bearing 
age.  Ife  will  take  a  20-acre  grass  field 
or  pasture,  break  it  up  and  put  it  iu  shape 
for  planting.  What  would  it  cost  you  to 
do  this  and  what  would  be  the  yearly  cost 
as  you  handle  trees  to  care  for  the  orchard 
until  it  comes  into  bearing  to  cover  ex¬ 
penses?  Tell  us  also  how  early  Baldwins 
or  other  standard  varieties  will  bear  in 
your  section. 

If  stony  pasture  land,  would  depend 
upon  mulch  and  chemicals  and  cost 
would  not  be  more  than  one-half  when 
cultivated.  Plowing,  $.‘5  to  $5  per  acre; 
first  season’s  harrowing,  $2  to  $3 ;  sowing 
cover  crop,  peas  and  beans,  etc.,  amount 
to  $19.50.  Crops  may  be  grown  in  rows 
between,  but  prevents  growth  of  cover 
crop.  Second  year,  wheel  harrow  or 
spring-tooth  may  be  used  after  plowing 
under  cover  crop  in  May  or  June.  Cost 
of  second  year  need  not  be  over  $15. 
Succeeding  years  would  cultivate  only  in 
strips  between  rows.  Baldwins  will  not 
yield  paying  crop  until  eighth  or  tenth 
year;  Spys,  15;  Gravenstein,  12  years; 
Wealthy,  six  years.  If  one  has  team 
and  other  help  the  cost  need  not  be  quite 
as  much.  s.  t.  maynard. 

Massachusetts. 

If  the  plot  was  mine  I  would  not  break 
it  up ;  would  plant  in  the  sod.  This  will 
cost  about  five  cents  per  tree.  I  would 
then  mulch  the  tree  with  stable  manure 
if  available,  otherwise,  mulch  with  straw 
or  any  vegetable  matter,  using  of  the 
manure  about  two  bushels  by  measure  per 
tree.  This  cost  will  vary  with  the  source 
of  supply  of  the  manure;  about  five  cents 
per  tree,  for  an  estimate ;  the  spraying 
for  the  first  five  years  costs  about  two 
cents  per  tree;  for  the  next  five  years 
about  six  cents  per  tree.  This  spraying 
expense  is  estimated,  for  weather  condi¬ 
tions  and  insects  present  govern  the 
amount  of  spraying  necessary.  The 
pruning  as  practiced  here  would  cost  pet- 
year  for  the  first  five  years  30  cents  per 
acre  per  year;  next  five,  $1  per  acre  per 
year.  The  cost  of  mowing  grass  and 
mulching  trees  is  about  60  cents  per 
acre  per  year.  This  estimate,  counting 
50  trees  per  acre,  makes  annual  cost  pet- 
acre  for  first  five  years,  $1.90;  for  second 
five  years,  $4.60.  The  planting  and  mulch¬ 
ing  of  the  trees  with  manure  costs  $5 
per  acre.  This  would  make  cost  per  acre 
at  end  of  10  years  as  follows:  Planting, 
$2.50;  mulching,  $2.50;  five  year’s  cost 
at  $1.90,  $9.50;  same  period  at  $4.60,  $23. 
Total,  $37.50.  Before  the  10  years  are 
up  the  orchard  here  planted  and  cared  for 
as  above  would  have  more  than  made 
good  purchase  price  and  all. 

GRANT  G.  HITCIilNGS. 

New  York. 

I  believe  that  to  break  up,  prepare  and 
plant  an  acre  of  apple  trees,  including  the 
cost  of  trees,  50  to  the  acre,  would  cost 
about  $25.  The  cost  of  the  full  care  of 
an  orchard  varies  greatly,  depending  up¬ 
on  the  character  of  treatment  and  the 
land  upon  which  it  is  located,  so  that  I 
should  Say  the  acre  of  orchard  might  cost 
about  $50  to  $100  from  the  time  it  was 
planted  up  to  eight  years,  when  it  should 
be  in  shape  to  pay  expenses.  With  us 
York  Imperials  begin  to  bear  at  about 
eight  years,  are  bearing  nicely  at  ten 
years,  and  at  twelve  years  old  are  right 
down  to  business.  Baldwins  begin  bear¬ 
ing  about  the  same  age,  also  Grimes 
Golden.  Stayman  Winesap  and  Jonathan 
begin  bearing  a  little  later. 

Adams  Co.,  Pa.  Chester  j.  tyson. 

In  my  own  case  I  have  expected  the 
orchard  to  pay  its  own  expenses  from 
the  first  year,  so  the  cost  need  not  deter 
anyone  from  setting  out  an  orchard.  No 
novice  should  set  out  an  orchard  with¬ 
out  the  advice  of  an  expert.  An  apple 
orchard  is  a  live-long  investment.  Any 
mistake  made  at  the  beginning,  cannot 
be  remedied  afterward.  Our  way  would 
be  to  set  the  trees  in  rows  35  feet  apart 
both  ways  and  to  set  peach  trees  between 
the  apple  trees  and  a  row  between  the 
rows  of  apple  trees,  which  gives  three 
peach  trees  to  one  apple  tree.  Then  set 
the  ground  between  with  a  low  stover 
variety  of  corn,  like  sweet  or  popping 
corn,  or  with  strawberries,  tomatoes, 
etc.  The  cultivation  of  these  crops  will 
give  the  trees  the  best  of  care  and  will 
pay  the  expenses  of  the  first  two  or 
three  years.  The  peach  trees  will  need 
the  ground  the  fourth  year  and  on  for 
six  or  eight  years,  by  which  time  the 
peach  trees  should  be  removed  and  not  be 
allowed  to  crowd  the  apple  trees. 
Massachustts.  j.  eames. 

We  might  be  able  to  tell  how  we 
would  do  it,  but  when  we  are  asked  to 
tell  the  cost  of  some  one  else  doing  it, 
the  problem  is  too  big  for  us.  In  fact  we 
should  not  expect  to  develop  two  or¬ 
chards  of  that  size  with  hired  help  at  the 


WHE  RURAIv  NEW-YORKER 


same  cost,  viz :  giving  each  orchard  a 
foreman  to  manage  the  whole  business, 
planting,  pruning,  cultivating,  etc., 
neither  should  we  expect  the  orchards  to 
be  of  equal  value  at  that  age,  even  if 
the  condition  of  the  land  was  practically 
alike.  The  value  of  the  orchard  will 
depend  very  much  upon  the  man  behind 
it,  the  cost,  location  and  quality  of  the 
soil.  Local  conditions  count  for  much, 
not  so  much  in  the  difference  in  price  of 
labor  per  day,  but  in  its  quality  and  intel¬ 
ligence.  A  man  might  start  under  ideal 
conditions  in  regard  to  labor,  and  then  in 
a  few  years  be  greatly  handicapped  to  get 
suitable  labor  at  reasonable  rates.  When 
I  receive  questions  like  this  I  wonder 
whether  anybody  inquires  of  the  editor 
what  it  would  cost  to  start  an  agricul¬ 
tural  paper  until  it  was  on  a  paying  basis. 
For  when  we  take  into  consideration  that 
the  bearing  age  will  depend  upon  the 
varieties  used,  as  well  as  the  judgment 
used  in  their  care,  the  question  is  one 
for  the  agricultural  professor  who  has 
had  no  practical  experience  in  the  mat¬ 
ter.  H.  0.  MEAD. 

Massachusetts. 


Suggestions  for  Parcels  Tost. — The 
people  need  and  will  have  parcels  post, 
and  the  opposition  to  it  will  be  over¬ 
come  by  retiring  the  Congressmen  who 
oppose  it.  My  plan  for  adopting  parcels 
post  would  be  as  follows :  Abolish  the 
fourth  classification  of  mail  matter  by  in¬ 
cluding  in  the  third  class  everything  not 
now  included  in  the  first  and  second 
classes,  maintaining  the  rate  of  postage 
on  third  class  matter  as  now,  one  cent  for 
each  two  ounces  or  fraction  thereof.  The 
fourth  classification  always  seemed  to  me 
to  bo  a  supernumerary — a  good  thing  to 
get  rid  of.  Besides  a  large  part  of  mail 
matter  of  the  fourth  class,  viz.,  seeds  and 
plants,  is  already  given  the  third  class 
rate.  And  herein  are  injustices  and  con¬ 
fusion.  Why  should  the  postage  on  a 
pound  of  seeds  be  eight  cents,  while  that 
on  a  pound  of  other  merchandise  is  16 
cents?  Or  why  should  the  postage  on  a 
pound  of  celery  seed  for  planting  be  eight 
cents,  while  that  on  a  pound  of  celery 
seed  for  flavoring,  though  sold  for  one- 
tenth  the  price  of  the  former,  is  just  twice 
as  much?  Vet  this  is  according  to  the 
present  elegant  classification  of  mail  mat¬ 
ter  in  this  country.  Since  there  is  no 
limit  of  weight  on  packages  of  first  and 
second  class  matter  I  can  see  no  good 
reason  for  limiting  the  weight  of  pack¬ 
ages  of  matter  otherwise  classed  to  four 
pounds — unless  it  be  tire  four  express  com¬ 
panies.  Hence  I  would  abolish  the  weight 
limit,  or  limit  all  packages  of  mail  mat¬ 
ter  to  a  weight  of  not  more  than  25  pounds. 
This  plan  would  give  us  a  simple  and  eas¬ 
ily  understood  classification  of  mail  mat¬ 
ter  and  our  long  sought  parcels  post.  And 
I  have  no  doubt  that  it  would  also  wipe 
out  the  annual  shortage  of  the  Postoffice 
Department  and  give  in  its  stead  a  sub¬ 
stantial  Surplus.  F.  E.  ASl’ I  NALL. 

Kentucky. 


( - 

For 

Breakfast 

The  Happy  Reply — 

Post 
T  oasties 

A  crisp,  dainty  food  that 
pleases  young  and  old. 

Wholesome 

Economical 

Convenient 

Serve  with  cream  or  milk 
(hot  or  co  d). 

“The  Memory  Lingers” 

Postum  Cereal  Co.,  Ltd., 

Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

V - - ) 


A  PERFECT  STAND 

Of  potatoea  la  what  you  will  fat  with  good 
aeed  and  an  Iron  Age  Planter.  It  plants  100 
per  cent,  without  mlasea  or  doublea  or  In¬ 
jury  to  the  aeed.  Every  seed  piece  pieced, 
just  right,  et  even  apecea  end  covered  uni¬ 
formly.  The  boy  peya  for  hie  lebor  10  to  20 
times  over,  and  tho  planter  peya  for  itself— 
•akanyuaer.  With  or  without  fertilizer  distributor. 

Farm  and 
Garden  Tools 


ISOM  ME 


have  “made  good”  and  proven  their 
superiority  for  75  years.  Sand 
postal  to  day  for  our  Anni¬ 
versary  Catalog— it  tells  all 
about  our  Potato  Plantar*, 

Cultivators,  Diggers,  Spray¬ 
ers,  Garden  Tools.  Wheel  - V 
Hoes,  Drills,  etc.,  and  is 
r&SI.  Don't  delay. 

BATEMAN  M*F*0  CO. 
BOX  1036  BREN  LOCH.  N. 


J. 


This  $1500  Farmers  Motor  Car 

In  Many  Respects  Equals  $4000  Cars 


FARMERS  are  delighted  to  find  in  this  great  motor  car  many  of  the  feat¬ 
ures  of  motor  cars  that  cost  up  to  $4000.  We  have  spent  years  in  de¬ 
veloping  the  Abbott-Detroit  until  now  it  is  the  one  perfectly  standardized 
motor  car  in  the  world  selling  at  $1500  fully  equipped.  By  this  we  mean  that 
every  part,  every  detail  has  been  scrutinized  and  brought  to  a  stage  of  perfec¬ 
tion  where  we  find  it  impossible  to  improve.  For  these  reasons  you  get  in  the 
Abbott-Detroit  a  country  service  automobile  far  exceeding  your  expectations. 


“The  Car  With  A  Pedigree” 

Abbott  fidtoir 


Looks  Just  Like  Highest  Priced  Cars 


The  painting  and  trimming  specifications  of 
the  Abbott-Detroit  parallel  those  of  $4000  cars. 
The  lines,  the  convenience,  the  luxury  of  the 
Abbott-Detroit  make  a  great  many  people  think 
it  costs  three  times  as  much  as  it  does. 

Over  the  roughest  country  roads  the  Abbott- 
Detroit  clearly  demonstrates.its  free  easy  riding, 
its  power,  its  noiselessness,  its  ability  to  assim¬ 
ilate  ruts,  crossings,  hard  grades  and  deep  mud. 
You  are  as  comfortable  as  you  can  be  because  of 
the  big,  strong,  perfectly  built  springs  which 
level  bumps  and  make  all  roads  seem  like 
boulevards. 

There  are  many  cars  listed  at  $1500  but  by 
the  time  you  have  paid  for  all  the  extras  you 
have  expended  up  to  $2000.  The  Abbott-Detroit 
at  $1500  includes  everything  but  top  and  wind¬ 


shield.  It  includes  a  complete  electric  light 
equipment  of  two  electric  headlights  and  combi¬ 
nation  electric  and  oil  side  and  rear  lamps  and 
Bosch  High  Tension  or  Splitdorf  dual  ignition 
system. 

Write  to-day  for  the  Book  of  the  Abbott-De¬ 
troit  which  gives  all  the  vital  information  about 
this  wonderful  car  and  when  we  send  it  to  you 
we  will  include  a  letter  of  introduction  to  our 
local  dealer  who  can  show  you  the  car  itself. 

Our  guarantee  is  more  than  the  ordinary 
guarantee.  When  you  become  an  Abbott-Detroit 
owner  you  make  a  permanent  connection  with 
our  organization.  We  keep  in  touch  with  you 
and  protect  you  continually.  Just  drop  us  a 
postal  right  now  and  let  us  tell  you  all  about  it. 


Abbott  Motor  Co., 

1 26  Waterloo  St.,  Detroit,  Mich. 


DISTRIBUTORS:  George  L,  Reiss, 1778  Broadway,  N.  Y.  City ;  J.  H. Wright,  28  Market 

h  t  iil.it  .1*.  X*  V  T>. ■  ..1.  e,  TV  —  ... ..II  m  .  x  -  .  r  CT  ...  .  .  _ 


Pull  Your  Stumps  30  Days 

m^r.  FREE 


At  Our 

Risk-Bi 


Guaranteed  3  Years 

Triple-Power— All-Steel 

Clear  up  your  stumpy  fields  with  the  3-year 
Guaranteed  Hercules,  now  sold  on  30  days’ 
Free  Trial.  Test  it  on  your  place  at  our  risk. 
Pulls  stumps  out,  roots  and  all.  400ft 
stronger  than  any  other  puller  made.  Triple 
power  attachment  means  one-third  greater 
pull.  The  only  stump  puller  guaranteed  for 
3  years.  Only  one  with  Double  Safety 
Ratchets.  Only  one  with  all  bearings  and 
working  parts  turned,  finished  and  machined, 
reducing  friction,  increasing  power,  making 
it  extremely  light  running.  Hitch  on  to  any 


stump  and  the  stump  is  bound  to  come. 
Also  pulls  largest-sized  green  trees,  hedge¬ 
rows,  etc.  Don’t  risk  dangerous  and  costly 
dynamite.  It  only  shatters  stump  and 
leaves  roots  in  ground. 

Special  Price  Offer 

We  have  a  special  price  proposition  to  the 
first  man  we  sell  to  in  new  sections.  We 
are  glad  to  make  you  a  special  price  on  the 
first  Hercules  sold  in  your  community  be¬ 
cause  that  will  sell  many  more  for  us 
and  save  advertising.  Write  us  at  once 
to  get  this. 


HERCULES  Puller 

Just  write  a  postal  for  our  special  price— 30  days’  Free  Trial  and  all  FREE  BOOKS 
about  the  only  All-Steel.  Triple-Power  Stump  Puller-the  Famous  Hercules. 

HERCULES  MANUFACTURING  CO.,  13017th  St.,  Centerville,  la* 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE. 


HUBBARD’S 
B?3E  FERTILIZER 
ALMANAC 
19  11 


.  .  .  MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY  .  .  . 

*Ihe  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 


Now  ready  for  distribution. 


Send  for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  ‘"Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


Mailed  free  to 
111  ■■!■■■■ 


any 


address. 


34 


NEW-YORKER 


January  14, 


Wood’s  Seeds 

For  The 

Farm  and  Garden 

have  an  established  reputation 
extending  over  thirty  years,  be¬ 
ing  planted  and  used  extensively 
by  the  best  Farmers  and  Garden¬ 
ers  throughout  the  Middle  and 
Southern  States. 


for  1911  will 
help  you  to 


Wood’s  New 
Seed  Catalog  5e!p 

**  determine  as 
to  what  crops  and  seeds  to  plant 
for  success  and  profit.  Our  pub¬ 
lications  have  long  been  noted 
for  the  full  and  complete  infor¬ 
mation  which  they  give. 

Catalog  mailed  free  on 
request.  Write  for  it. 

T.  W.  WOOD  &  SONS, 

Seedsmen,  -  Richmond,  Va. 


WeCrowandTest 
OurSeedatHome 

Nearly  all  our  seed  is  grown  right  here  on  our  own  farms. 
We  could  buy  seed  a  lot  cheaper,  but  we  can't  afford  to  do  it 
—neither  could  you  afford  to  plant  such  stuff,  even  though 
you  bought  it  for  a  few  cents  less— because  nobody  can  ever 
tell  how  much  of  it  w  ill  grow. 

Our  method  makes  it  easy  for  you  to  grow  good  crops. 
We  watch  the  seed  plants  in  the  fields  all  summer,  to 
make  sure  that  they  grow  true  to  type,  unmixcd  with  other 
seed;  then  we  carefully  clean  and  thoroughly  test  it,  so  that 

When  You  Plant  Harris’  Seed  You  Can 
Tell  Just  How  Much  of  It  Will  Grow 

On  every  package  of  our  seed  is  a  label  telling  just  how 
much  of  that  seed  will  germinate.  If  you  aren  t  in  the  habit 
of  buying  seed  that's  as  carefully  grown  as  that,  try  our 
seed  tins  year ;  it  won’t  cost  you  much,  if  any,  more,  but 

your  crops  will  be  far  better  l  Catalogue  free. 

JOSEPH  HARRIS  COMPANY 
Moreton  Farm,  Box  31.  Cold  water,  N.  Y. 

>?< 


See 

|  Blue  Gibbon 

rl  C  Quality  At 
LOW  PRICES 

F 

Choose  tei 
and  high  j 
chances  vs 

ded  seed  of  known  vitality 
fielding  strain.  Why  take 
-hen  you  can  buy  our  Blue 
ooric — all  nriy.fi  seeds — as 

B 

IUW  Vi  iv  »•***»**  - - 

buy  any  seeds  until  you  read  our 
new,  valuable  book 

“The  Gateway  to 
Success”  —  FREE 

Crowded  with  information  every 
farmer  and  gardener  needs.  Explains 
low  prices,  describes  our  complete 
large  stocks  of  fine  Clover*  and 
Grass  Seeds,  Alfalfa,  Seed  Corn, 
Oats,  Cow  Peas,  Millet,  Sorghum. 
Rape,  Soja  Beans,  Potatoes,  Onion 
Sets,  etc.,  besides  the  finest  Vege¬ 
table  -and  Flower  Seeds,  Lawn 
Grass.  Write  for  free  book  and  low 
prices  quick  while  stocks  are 
complete.  We  fill  all  orders  the  day 
they  are  received  and  guarantee 
seeds  true  to  name  and  descriptions 


WOOD,  STUBBS  &  CO., 

Louisville,  Ky. 


m 


NOraffiSIf  GROWN 
SEED  POTATOES 


Buy  genuine  Northern  grown 
seed  potatoes  and  increase  your 
yield  per  acre  50  to  100  bushels. 
You  cannot  afford  to  plant  any 
other  kind.  Our  new,  rich  land, 
free  from  all  disease,  our  cool, 
fresh  air,  produce  potatoes  which 
cannot  be  excelled  for  vitality, 
strength,  beauty  of  form,  color 
and  large  yield.  Our  beans  and 
peas  are  unequalled— we  supply 
argest  growers  everywhere.  Get 
our  free  1911  Catalog  of  Hardy 
Northern  field,  garden  and  flower 
seeds — positively  the  most  com¬ 
plete  and  valuable  list  of  thor¬ 
oughbred  seeds  ever  offered. 
See  our  prices  before  you 
buy.  Write. 

DARLING  &  BEAHAN 

- Michigan  St  - 

Potoskcy,  Mich. 


,471 


OATS 


MIX  THE  APPLE  VARIETIES. 

H.  R.  M.,  page  1163,  is  making  some 
inquiries  about  setting  out  10  acres  of 
apple  orchard  in  place  of  a  life  insur¬ 
ance  policy  for  his  son,  and  only  plant¬ 
ing  two  varieties.  I  hope  he  will  not 
make  the  mistake  of  planting  one  kind 
on  half  the  ground,  and  the  other  va¬ 
riety  on  the  other  half.  It  should  be 
planted  two  or  four  rows  of  one  vari¬ 
ety  and  then  two  or  four  rows  of  the 
other,  so  as  to  fertilize  both  varieties. 
Wind  and  insects  will  scatter  the  pol¬ 
len  for  two  rows  both  ways,  and  he 
will  have  more  apples  and  of  a  better 
quality.  Many  orchards  are  a  failure 
by  not  being  properly  pollenized.  Set¬ 
ting  large  blocks  of  one  variety  is  a 
sad  mistake.  I  helped  set  two  orchards 
of  15  acres  each,  solid  Baldwins,  and 
one  of  six  acres  of  a  family  orchard 
mixed,  two  rows  of  a  kind,  and  '-he  six 
acres  has  given  more  apples  than  the 
30  of  one  kind,  all  set  over  40  years 
ago.  Many  orchards  of  10  to  100  acres 
of  solid  Ben  Davis  were  set  in  Illinois 
15  to  25  years  ago,  when  people  were 
crazy  over  Ben  Davis,  and  they  proved 
a  failure.  In  a  very  favorable  season 
with  wind  and  sunshine  the  pollen  may 
be  distributed  so  as  to  have  a  partial 
crop,  and  with  a  cold  wet  period  at 
blossoming  time  (and  it  seems  often 
it  is  the  worst  week  of  the  year)  there 
is  failure.  Better  plant  at  least  four 
varieties,  so  the  boy  can  enjoy  eating 
apples  with  father  and  mother  most  of 
the  season.  S.  G.  soverhill. 

Illinois. 


POSSIBILITIES  OF  ORCHARD  HEATERS 

I  tried  2,500  orchard  heaters  in  an 
orchard  I  bought  at  Seymour,  Mo.,  last 
Spring.  On  April  18  we  had  a  frost, 
with  the  temperature  down  to  2S  on  low 
ground  and  30  on  higher  ground.  We 
lighted  the  pots  at  3  a.  m.;  the  trees 
were  white  with  frost  then.  Inside  of 
thirty  minutes  we  raised  the  temperature 
six  degrees,  with  the  pots  only  one-third 
open.  A  week  later  we  were  struck  by 
that  big  storm,  had  a  30-mile  wind  and 
a  temperature  of  27°  when  the  apples 
were  as  big  as  hazelnuts.  We  lit  the 
pots,  but  could  not  get  the  heat  above 
three  feet  from  the  ground,  the  wind  was 
too  strong.  I  am  absolutely  convinced 
that  all  still  frosts  (and  most  of  them 
are  still)  can  be  fought.  With  no  wind 
the  oil  pot  will  raise  the  temperature  10° 
with  50  pots  per  acre  burning.  This 
orchard  heating  will  in  a  very  few  years 
revolutionize  southwestern  orcharding. 
I  bought  a  480-acre  farm  with  240  acres 
of  bearing  orchard  upon  it,  with  all  the 
personal  property,  for  $25,000.  I  am 
looking  after  a  480-acre  orchard  for  a 
stock  company  that  did  not  cost  them 
over  $30,000.  It  has  cost  them  now  about 
$10,000  to  put  it  in  first-class  condition, 
■but  it  has  a  bearing  capacity  of  not  less 
than  40,000  barrels  per  crop  now,  and 
the  trees  are  only  12  to  24  years  old. 
The  good  orchards  are  fast  changing 
hands  down  there,  and  the  new  owners, 
are  going  after  them  Pacific  Coast  style. 
I  have  bought  apples  in  New  York  and 
the  Eastern  States  for  10  years,  I  know 
what  they  can  produce  out  there.  I  am 
convinced  that  the  Southwest  can  raise 
as  many  apples  per  acre  in  10  years,  and 
of  better  color  and  size  than  New  York, 
provided  the  orchards  get  the  care  that 
the  best  ones  get  in  New  York,  and  are 
equipped  with  heaters  besides. 

Wisconsin.  c.  vollenweider. 


ALFALFA 

All  Northern  grown,  guaranteed  to  be  99  percent 
pure  and  free  from  dodder.  Write  for  free  sample 
on  which  we  invite  yon  to  get  Government  tests. 
This  seed  should  produce  hay  at  $60  per  acre]  an¬ 
nually.  Free  Instructions  on  growing. 

GRAIN  AND  GRASS  SEED 

Northern  grown  end  of  .ftrongest  Titality.  We 
handle  export  grade  only  and  can  furnish  grass 
mixture  suitable  for  any  soils#  Write  for  catalog. 

WING  SEED  CO.,  Box  333  Mechanicsburg,  O. 

THAT  YIELD.  Our  Sensation  Oats 
breaks  all  records.  Nothing  like  it. 

_  _  _  _  _  Also  SEED  CORN.  Samples  and  cat- 

loag  free.  THEO.  BURT  &  SONS,  MELROSE,  OHIO. 


WANT  TO  KNOW. 

Drilling  Wheat  Both  Wats. — We  drill 
2%  bushels  to  the  acre.  This  Fall  we 
could  not  get  it  all  on  one  way,  so  crossed 
It.  Will  it  thin  out?  The  wheat  came 
up  very  thick,  but  looks  extra  good.  Our 
drill  was  not  working  very  well,  which  is 
our  reason  for  not  getting  it  all  on  the 
one  way.  Will  it  pay  to  drill  grain  both 
ways  using  more  seed  wheat,  oats,  rye, 
etc.?  a.  M.  D. 

Pennsylvania. 

R.  N.-Y. — We  have  had  no  personal  ex¬ 
perience  with  this  kind  of  seeding.  Can 
any  reader  tell  us? 


BIG  RED  APPLES 

are  selling  at 
10  cents  each 

There  is  money  in  fruit  growing  right  where 
you  are.  Apples  are  worth  twice  as  much  as 
oranges,  and  if  you  cannot  raise  apples,  there  are 
other  fruits  equally  profitable. 

Start  an  orchard.  Those  who  have  planted 
orchards  as  advised  by  Green’s  Fruit  Grower  are 
getting  their  reward  in  big  profits.  You  can  pay 
for  the  orchard  by  growing  small  fruit  in  it. 

GREEN'S  FRUIT  GROWER 

will  tell  you  how  and  where  to  plant,  how  to  prune  and  spray,  and 

how  to  make  your  trees  productive. 

It  is  the  oldest  and  the  most  popular  fruit  grower’s  magazine.  January  is 
our  30th  ANNIVERSARY  NUMBER. 

Special  offer  to  readers  of  Rural  New  Yorker  :  We  will  mail  new  subscrib¬ 
ers  Green’s  Fruit  Grower  one  year  on  trial,  at  hall  price,  25  cents. 

GREEN’S  FRUIT  GROWER  CO., 

B0X  A>  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 


caialpa 


•'■\v  £JJ 


©RANDMOliHSRS! 

Rainbow  Collection 
of  Sweet  Peas 

All  the  exquisite  shadings  of  the  Spencer  types 

Enclose  us  10  Cents,  Stamps  or  Coin, 

and  we  will  mail  you  one  half 
ounce  package ;  also  our  catalog 
for  1911  included  FREE,  which  is 
beautifuly  illustrated  and  full  of 
New  Novelties.  Others  are  se¬ 
curing  this  liberal  offer.  Why 
not  you  ?  W rite  to-day. 

WM.  ELLIOTT  &  SONS 
36  Vesey  St..  New  York 


CDCPinOA  TDECQ  Mine  are  true  to  name. 
Ol  LulUoA  IUlLu  Free  booklet  tells  all 
about  the  150  acres  I  am  growing  for  telephone 

r.nies.  H.C.  ROGERS.  Box  111,  Mechanicsburg,  0. 

Black’s  Peach  Trees-1911 

Peach  Trees  ere  one  of  our  specialties— v  '  . 
grow  for  quality  aiul  not  qi<  t'y  alone.  ,,:rl 

frees,  however,  cost  little,  if  any,  more  than  thel 
ordinary  sort — we  employ  no  agents,  but  scljj 
£-8  direct  .saving  middleman 's  profits,  «jr  »  i  » 

■New  booklet,  "  Springtime  and  YafUaDie 
>  Harvest  for  the  Fruit-grower,"  free,  jj  _  _  ■  >  i 
Joseph  H.  Black,  Son  &  Co.  BOOKlcT 
^oxJiVHIghtstownuflew^ersc!^  JT^g 

IHDiPPP — 150  ACKK8,  Genesee  Valley 
SJ  Ik  w  grown.  “Not  the  cheapest,  but 
|\  |\  |\  the  best.”  Never  have  bad  San 
A  A t, MU jose  Scale.  Established  I860. 

nr  rDto  GEO.  A.  SWEET  NURSERY  CO., 
CATALOG  FREE  20  Maple  St.,  Oansville,  N.  Y. 


1  Bumper  Crops  of 

STRAWBERRIES 

in  Mid-Summer 
and  Late  Fail. 

Send  for  Catalogue. 

T.  C.  KEVITT 

Atlienia,  N.  J. 


SCARFF’S 

GOOD  SEED  CORN 

We  sold  over  11,000  bushels  of  it  last  year,  and  we  ex¬ 
pect  to  double  it  this  year.  Your  money  back  if  corn  is 
not  satisfactory.  10  days  to  test  It.  Can  send  either 
shelled  or  in  the  ear.  Also  choice  lot  of  seed  oats,  barley, 
speltz,  timothy  and  potatoes.  We  cannot  tell  you  more 
about  it  here,  but  our  catalog  is  free.  Send  for  it  to-day. 

W.  N.  SCARFF,  New  Carlisle,  Ohio 


OTV/OAf  SEED 


We  are  headquarters  for  a  full  line  of  Stras- 
burg,  Plat  Danvers  and  Yellow  Globe  Onion 
Seed.  Try  them  for  No.  1  stock.  Get  prices. 

■  -  THEILMANN  SEED  CO.,  ERIE,  PA. - 


WHOLESALE 


On  Strawberry,  Raspberry,  Blackberry.  Gooseberry. 
Currant.  Asparagus  and  Grape  Plants,  Heavy  Rooted, 
High  Grade  Stock.  19th  Annual  Catalogue  Free. 

R.  WESTON  SCO,  R  8  Bridgman.  Mich. 


A.  «.  WESTON  «  CO, 


ST.  REGIS 


EVERBEARING 

RASPBERRY 


t  < 


THAT  GERMAN  RYE” 


Those  wishing  to  get 
the  imported  seed  for 
spring  sowing,  must  have  their  order  here  not 
later  than  Feb.  10,  when  the  last  cable  order  will  go 
out.  Price  reduced  for  Rural  readers  to  510.00  per 
hundred  kilos  (about  four  bushels). 

FRANK  HYDE,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 

ninrT)  pr\TC-' Three-Inch, $1.25  a  1,000 ; 
L  ArClV  1  1  3  four-inch,  $1.75  a  1,000. 

P.  B.  CROSBY  &  SON,  Oatonsville,  Md. 

QTRAWBERRY  PLANTS  — All  the  leading  and  moneymaking 
0  varieties  ready  to  ship  now.  D.  RODWAY.  Hartly.Del. 


Bears  tlie  first  season  ! 

The  most  productive  rasp¬ 
berry — plauted  in  April,  bears 
continuously  from  June  to 
October  of  same  year.  Tile 
first  to  ripen  and  the  last.  Ber¬ 
ries  larg«».  of  bright  red  color 
and  excellent  quality  —  ship 
200  miles  in  first-class  order. 
Absolutely  hardy  a  sun-proof. 

Our  new  catalog  Free — tells 
how  to  choose  and  grow  small 
fruits  *  ‘that  produce  profits.’* 
Je  T*  LOVETT* 

Box  162  Little  Silver,  N.  3. 


CLOVER  SEED 

Mammoth  and  Medium  Red  Clover  Seed.  I  buy 
direct  from  the  farmer  that  grows  It.  Will  mail 
you  sample  and  quote  you  prices  on  lots  of  two 
bushels  up.  M.  L.  WHITE,  NOBl.ESVlLLE,  Inu. 

Fresh  Dug  Nursery  Stock. 

A  complete  assortment  of  the  finest  Genesee  Valley 
Grown  Fruit  Trees,  etc.  Stock  guaranteed,  prices 

riKht cataeio|ue.r  free  L- W. HALL&GO.,  Rochester,  N.Y. 


GALLOWAY 


SAVES  YOU 
$50  to  $300 


I  |  A 


o  _  _  , 

.  1  a  real  engine  factory.  Save  dealer,  jobber  and  catalogue  house  profit.  No  such  offer 
as  I  make  on  the  class  of  engine  I  sell  has  ever  been  made  before  in  all  Gasoline  Engine 
history.  Here  is  the  secret  and  reason  :  1  turn  them  out  all  alike  by  the  thousands  in  my 
enormous  modern  factory,  equipped  with  automatic  machinery.  I  sell  them  direct  to  you 
for  less  money  than  some  factories  can  make  them  at  actual  shop  cost. 

All  you  pay  me  for  is  actual  raw  material,  labor  and  one  small  profit  (and  I  buy  my 
material  :n  enormous  quantities). 

Anybody  can  afford  and  might  just  as  well  have  a  high  grade  engine  when  he 
can  get  in  on  a  wholesale  deal  of  this  kind.  I’m  doing  something  that  never  was 
done  before.  Think  of  it  1  A  price  to  you  that  is  lower  than  dealers  and 
jobbers  can  buy  similar  engines  for,  in  carload  lots,  for  spot  cash. 

An  engine  that  is  made  so  good  in  the  factory  that  I  will  send 
it  out  anywhere  in  the  U.  S.  without  an  expert  to  any  inexperienced 
users,  on  30  days’  free  trial,  to  test  against  any  engine  made  of 
similar  horse-power  that  sells  for  twice  as  much,  and  let  him 
be  the  judge.  Sell  your  pooro&t  horse  and  buy  a 


5-U.-P.  Only  $119.50 


je> 


Get  Gattoway’s 
Biggest  and  Best 

BOOK 


GASOLINE 

ENGINE 


PlP 


Write  today  for  my  beautiful  new  50-page  Engine  Book  in  four 
colors,  nothing  like  it  ever  printed  before,  full  of  valuable  information, 
showing  how  I  make  them  and  how  you  can  make  more  money  with  a 
gasoline  engine  on  the  farm.  Write  me — 

Wm.  i'nlloway,  Pres.,  Wm.  Galloway  Co, 
665  Galloway  Station,  Waterloo,  Iowa 


1911. 


85 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


HANDLING  THE  POULTRY  MANURE. 

J.  R.  G.,  Mercliantville,  N.  J. — We  are 
putting  our  place  out  in  fruit  trees ;  apples 
and  peaches,  and  as  we  accumulate  quite  a 


to  some  one  else  at  a  little  profit,  and 
third,  that  they  may  sell  them  themselves 
to  some  one  in  a  failing  condition  who 
desires  to  have  a  lot  of  worthless  securities 


lot  of  manure  we  wish  to  know  how  to  in  b*s.  box  that  he  may  give  as  an  excuse 
handle  it  to  best  advantage.  We  have  a  for  bis  failui'e-  There  may  be  other  rea^ 


small  house  in  which  we  place  the  drop¬ 
pings  from  the  droppings  boards  in  our 
chicken  houses.  This  house  is  full.  If 


sons  than  these,  but  these  I  think  are  the 
principal  ones  for  such  action.” 

‘‘The  business  in  defaulted  bonds  and 


necessary  or  profitable  we  can  build  an-  W01‘thless  securities  is  certainly  not  of  a 

high  order,  but  as  Ipng  as  these  things  are 
around  there  will  always  be  some  one  to 
trade  in  them.  The  following  cases  occur 
to  me :  The  dealers  take  a  chance  on 
being  able  to  pick  a  flaw  in  an  old  fore¬ 
closure,  or  reorganization,  with  little  to 
lose,  and  much  to  gain  if  successful.  Some- 


other,  but  we  have  been  advised  that  we 
can.  as  we  accumulate  it,  mix  these  drop¬ 
pings  with  barnyard  or  stable  manure  in 
one  large  compost  out  of  doors,  exposed  to 
the  weather.  Is  this  .  advisable  or  would 
it  pay  us  to  build  another  store  house  and 
save  droppings  until  Spring,  or  can  they 


be  broadcast  throughout  the  Winter,  or  times,  if  they  can  get  together  enough 
throughout  the  year  as  we  accumulate  secuiities  to  make  it  an  object,  smart 
them?  Again,  we  have  large  quantities  of  counsel  can  be  ^ired  on  a  contingent  fee 
broken  straw  which  we  sweep  up  from  to  “ako  £be  try'  ‘H°P°  springs  eternal, 
the  scratching  floors  of  the  pens  each  10  e£c”  aPPlb?s  to  defaulted  securities.  We 
days;  this  has  more  or  less  droppings,  but  saw  ^r‘  Dawson  make  a  campaign  on  Bay 
the  straw  is  not  rotting.  What  would  we  ^tate  Gas,  and  who  can  tell  who  else  might 
best  do  with  this?  Dare  we  use  it  in  our  not  make  a  camPaiSn  011  something  else 

pigpens?  We  are  afraid  of  lice  getting  on  so“®  day? 
our  pigs.  We  can  get  lots  of  straw,  so  Secondly,  the  business  of  furnishing 
that  we  do  not  need  it  in  our  pigpens.  ^cti1;ioas  assets  to  parties  who  have  failed 
So  you  see  we  have  four  different  kinds  iu  business  aud  bave  uo  plausible  show  of 
of  manure  to  take  care  of,  droppings-  assets  is’  1  have  uo  doubt’  cat ered  t0  by 
boards,  stable  or  barnyard,  pigpen,  and  these  dealers’  aud  1  imagine  there  is  a 
scratching  floor.  We  do  not  need  much  fiaod  deal  moie  of  this  than  people  realize, 
of  our  manure  for  farming,  as  we  do  very  and  £n  so  £ai’  as  £bis  *s  dishonest,  the 
little;  we  wish  to  fertilize  our  trees  and  dealers  are  really  not  necessarily  tespon- 
let  them  have  lots  to  “eat.”  sible,  because  they  may  have  a  chance  to 

.  .  turn  over  their  defaulted  securities  at  a 

/\NS.  1  he  poultry  manure  question  small  profit,  without  knowing  what  use  is 

is  discussed  in  “The  Business  Hen.”  to  be  made  of  them,  in  30  years’  experi 
There  are  two  chief  things  to  avoid  in  ence  in  Wal1  stl‘eet  I  never  heard  of  a  case 

handling  this  manure-mixing  if  with  f  a“y  btroker ,  iu  defaulted  security  at- 
..  ...  tempting  to  palm  them  otf  dishonestly,  aud 

lime  or  wood  ashes,  or  permitting  it  to  i  imagine  such  cases  are  rare.  Some  of  the 
become  moist  and  warm.  In  either  other  brokers  iu  these  things  are  a  good 
event  you  will  lose  ammonia.  In  the  deal  liko  nigbt  bawks>  and  I  would  fight 
case  above  mentioned  we  should  build  *hy  *  thte“’  They  are  tbe  scavensers  o£ 
another  house  or  shed  for  the  manure.  “if  these  bonds  get  into  the  hands  of 
Use  an  abundance  of  plaster,  road  dust  dishonest  parties  it  is  probable  that  they 
or  “floats”  under  the  perches,  and  dry  wlu  attemPt  to  work  them  off  on  ignorant 

out  the  manure.  Then  if  kept  under  and  TTT'lu*  people’ f,but  1  aiu  in’ 

.  u  i  •  ...  ,  .  formed  that  there  is  another  purpose  in 

tne .  shed  it  will  be  hard  and  dry  in  the  purchase  of  these  bonds.  The  buyer 
Spring.  It  will  pay  to  crush  it  fine  pays  very  little  for  them.  I  have  known 
before  using.  On  a  farm  where  plant  cascs  where  large  blocks  have  sold  in  the 

food  is  greatly  needed  we  advise  mix-  aucti°n  roo‘n  £or  $5  and  and  tbese  can 
.  .  ,  .  sometimes  be  turned  in  to  the  purchaser  of 

ing  t  ns  crushed  manure  with  cheitll-  a  defunct  corporation  who  will  take  them 
cals  as  advised  in  “The  Business  Hen.”  for  some  reason  only  known  to  themselves. 
In  any  event,  if  it  is  saved  at  all  we  is  fluite  possible  that  in  the  case  of  a 

should  keep  it  dry  and  crush  before  failroad  that  bas  been  ^organized  and 
~  ,  .  later  sold  to  another  road,  the  latter  would 

using.  Some  poultrymen  scatter  the  be  willing  to  pay  a  small  price  for  an  old 

manure  as  fast  as  made  over  grass  issue  of  bonds  to  clear  up  the  records.  I 
land.  There  is  probably  some  loss  of  know  a  case  of  the  officers  of  a  State  who 

ammonia  from  this  plan,  but  it  means  issued  bonds  unauthorized  by  the  Legis- 
.•  ,  ,  ,  ,  .  lature  aud  which  the  State  afterwards  re- 

o  y  f  time.  We  should  not  mix  pudiated.  It  seems  to  me  that  it  would 
the  hen  manure  with  other  kinds  in  be  good  business  for  the  present  State 
an  open  yard.  It  would  be  better  to  officers,  if  they  could  retire  the  whole  issue 

mix  with  cow  manure  than  with  horse,  at  a  very  uoniiual  figure,  to  do  so.  it 
•  ,■  •  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  would  be  a  cheap  way  of  disposing  of  the 

since  the  former  is  colder  and  the  hen  matter.” 

manure  would  act  somewhat  like  kind-  — - - 

ling  to  start  fermentation.  Where  one 
can  make  a  compost  of  muck,  old  sods 
or  other  refuse,  the  hen  manure  is 
good  to  quicken  the  chemical  actions 
which  are  needed  to  make  the  plant 
food  available.  We  would  not  use  the 
straw  from  the  henhouses  to  bed  the 
hogs.  Use  it  around  the  trees  as  a 
mulch,  being  careful  not  to  leave  it 
close  up  to  the  stems  during  Winter, 
so  the  mice  will  not  nest  under  it  and 
gnaw  the  trees. 


USES  FOR  DEFAULTED  BONDS. 

Some  of  our  readers  have  received  circu¬ 
lars  much  like  the  following,  and  have 
wondered  what  is  done  with  these  old,  de¬ 
faulted  securities  : 

“1  will  buy  old,  repudiated  or  defaulted 
bonds,  also  defunct  or  inactive  railroad 
and  other  securities.  Bonds  wiped  out  by 
reorganization,  also  good  but  unsaleable 
securities  in  estates  bought.  Send  me  a 
memorandum  of  what  you  hold  in  this  line 
with  dates  of  certificates.  Save  safe  de¬ 
posit  charges  on  non-dividend  payers. 

Wanted  : — Old  Railroad  Stocks  and  Bonds 
Old  Canal  Company  Bonds. 
Defaulted  Township  and  State 
Bonds. 

Old  Non-dividend  Railroad  Stocks, 
and  other  American  Securities 

„  over  10  years  old. 

Not  Wanted  : 

Gold  and  Silver  Mining  stocks, 

Oil  Company  stocks.” 

We  have  asked  several  bankers  and  brok¬ 
ers  about  this  and  some  of  their  replies  are 
given  below  : 

“I  have  always  understood  that  the  par¬ 
ties  who  are  picking  up  old  repudiated  and 
defaulted  bonds  are  doing  so  for  three  dif¬ 
ferent  reasons.  First,  that  they  may  find 
something  which  on  investigation  may. 
prove  to  have  some  value,  which  the.  par¬ 
ties  selling  them  da  not  understand ;  sec¬ 
ond,  that  they  may  be  able  to  sell  them 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  10. 

OLD  COMMON  SENSE. 

Change  Food  When  You  Feel  Out  of  Sorts. 


“A  great  deal  depends  upon  yourself 
and  the  kind  of  food  you  eat,”  the  wise 
old  doctor  said  to  a  man  who  came  to 
him  sick  with  stomach  trouble  and  sick 
headache  once  or  twice  a  week,  and  who 
had  been  taking  pills  and  different  medi¬ 
cines  for  three  or  four  years. 

He  was  induced  to  stop  eating  any  sort 
of  fried  food  or  meat  for  breakfast,  and 
was  put  on  Grape-Nuts  and  cream,  leav¬ 
ing  off  all  medicines. 

In  a  few  days  he  began  to  get  better, 
and  now  he  has  entirely  recovered  and 
writes  that  he  is  in  better  health  than 
he  has  been  before  in  twenty  years.  This 
man  is  58  years  old  and  says  he  feels 
“like  a  new  man  all  the  time.” 

Read  “The.  Road  to  Wellville,”  in 
pkgs.  “There’s  a  Reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new 
one  appears  from  time  to  time.  They 
are  genuine,  true,  and  full  of  human 
interest. 

Leffe!  Steam  Power 
Should  Be  Yours 

— because  you  want  the  simplest,  strong¬ 
est,  most  econom  ical,  most  dependable 
and  mostdurable  engine.  Steam  has 
held  its  place  atthe  top  and  LefTel 

Steam  Engines  and  Hollers  are  the 

known  best  of  all  Steam  Out¬ 
fits.  Write  NOW  for 
Free  Booklet.  Address 

James  Leffel  &  Co. 
BOX  250 
Springfield, 

Ohio 


BIG  LABOR  SAVING  MACHINE 

on  FREE  TRIAL 
/ 


Freight  Prepaid 

Guaranteed  lOYears 


Send  the  coupon  at  the  bottom  of 
this  advertisement  and  get  full  par¬ 
ticulars  of  my  free  trial  offer. 

I  will  send,  freight  prepaid,  without  trouble 
or  red  tape,  the  wonderful  labor-saving  Luther 
Farm  Special  Tool  Grinder — with  12  different 
attachments — for  10  days’  free  trial.  If  you  do 
not  want  it  after  you  have  sharpened  all 
your  farm  tools,  return  it  and  I’ll  pay  the  return 
freight  too. 

I  make  this  offer  to  prove  to  you  how 
necessary  my  grinder  is  on  your  farm 

— how  it  makes  all  your  farm  work  easier — and 
to  show  you  the  marvelous  sharpening  power 
of  Carborundum  wheels  and  how  they  will 
not  draw  temper. 

Luther  Farm  Special 

Tool  Grinder  25  Ti  m ••  |Fa«t«r 

Than  Grindstone— 
6  Timas  Fastar  Than  Emory  —  Cuarantead  10 
Years  —  Half  Million  Now  in  Usa. 

You  can  do  all  your  farm  work  quicker  and  easier  because  of 
sharp  tools,  and  in  sharpening  them  you  can  do  in  a  few  minutes 
what  would  take  you  half  an  hour  with  the  [grindstone.  You 
can  take  your  rustiest,  dullest,  old  tools  and  make  them  like 
new  in  a  minute  or  two.  And  when  you  consider  how  little  the 
Luther  Tool  Grinder  costs — no  more  than  a  week’s  pay  of  a 
hired  hand — and  that  it’s  on  the  job  for  a  life-time,  no  pro¬ 
gressive  farmer  can  afford  to  be  without  it. 

CARBORUNDUM 

Carborundum  is  the  most  wonderful  sharpening  substance  the 
world  has  ever  known.  It  is  made  of  artificial  diamond  crystals 
created  in  the  most  terrific  heat  of  mammoth  electrical  furnaces 
at  Niagara  Falls  where  it  gets  a  temper  and  sharpness  that  cuts 
the  hardest  steel.  No  cooling  with  water  is  needed  and  there’s 
no  danger  of  drawing  temper  from  steel  because  with  the  gen¬ 
uine  Carborundum  no  pressure  is  necessary  to  sharpen  the 
dullest  tool. 

There  is  ONLY  ONE  Carborundum  and  it  is  found 
on  the  Luther  Grinders  —  so  beware  of  imitations  with  mis¬ 
leading  names  and  descriptions  Get  the  Luther  Grinder  with 
the  10-year  guaranteed,  genuine  Carborundum  wheels. 


12  Machines  in  One 

Get  my  wonderful  grinder  on  your 
farm  and  you  can  sharpen  all  your  tools 
twenty-five  times  faster  than  with  a 
grindstone  and  without  danger  of  draw¬ 
ing  temper  from  steel  or  the  need  of  cool 
ing  with  water 

No.  1  Carborundum  Sickle  Wheel. 

No.  2  Carborundum  Coarse  Grinder 
No.  3  Carborundum  Fine  Grinder 
No.  4  Carborundum  Saw  Gummer. 

No.  5  Carborundum  Scythe  Stone. 

No.  6  Carborundum  Oil  Stone 
No.  7  Carborundum  Razor  Hone 
No.  8  Carborundum  Pocket  Hone  in 
Leather  Case. 

No.  9  Carborundum  Rust  Remover 

No.  10  Buffing  Wheel 

No.  11  Tool  Rest 

No.  12  Patent  Sickle  Holder. 

Handiest  Tool  On  Farm 

I  have  neglected  to  mention  every  time, 
in  writing  you.  what  1  think  about  your 
grinder.  I  think  more  of  your  farm  grinder 
as  a  handy  and  time-saving  implement  than 
anything  on  my  farm. 

F.  N.  NEAL,  Bristow,  la. 


10  DAYS 


TRIAL— FBEIGHT  PREPAID 


Send  Coupon  For  Particulars 

Cut  out  coupon  and  get  full  particulars  about  my  10  days’ 
free  trial  offer.  There  are  no  strings  to  it — no  obligations  of 
any  kind 

I  will  also  send  McClure  Magazine’s  interesting  story  about 
the  discovery  of  Carborundum. 

Remember,  you’re  under  no  obligations  when  vou  return  the 
coupon.  It  brings  you  the  details  of  my  straightforward  offer, 
and  how  you  can  take  advantage  of  it.  So  don’t  hesitate— 
just  clip  out  the  coupon  now  —  and  send  it. 

LUTHER  GRINDER  MFD.  CO.  c-&iSK.“ 

143  Madison  Strest  MILWAUKEE,  WIS. 


1  Luther  Grinder  Mfg.  Co. 

1 143  Madl8in  St.  Milwaukte,  WIs.  I 

Gentlemen:  Please  send  me  full  * 

I  details  of  the  10  days’  Free  Trial  Offer  I 
and  McClure’s  story  of  Carborundum.  ■ 
_  It  is  distinctly  understood  that  this  re-  _ 
|  quest  places  me  under  no  obligations. 

|  Name . 

|  Address . 

£State . Co . R.  F.  D.....  M 


Y 


Sm 


The  greatest  labor-savers  and  time-savers  ever  invented  for  the  farm"  i 
and  garden  !  A  Planet  Jr  does  the  work  of  3  to  6  men  ;  and  does  ■ 
it  better.  Makes  you  independent  of  indifferent  help.  Made  by  a| 
practical  farmer  who  knows  the  every-day  need  of  other  farm¬ 
er5’  Thirty-five  years’  experience.  Fully  guaranteed. 

1  N°.  4  j  Planet  Jr  Combined  Seeder  and  Wheel-Hoe  saves  time,  labor 
seed  and  money.  Almost  all  useful  garden  implements  in  one.  Adjustable  in  a  minute  J 
insnTaU -frdcnsa  seeds-  hou-  oulti™te,  weed,  or  plow.  Pays  for  itself  quickly,  even 

|  No.  8 1  Planet  Jr  Horse-Hoe  and  Cultivator  will  do  more  f  things 
in  more  ways  than  any  other  horsc-hoe  made.  Plows  to  or  from  the  * 
row.  A  splendid  furrower,  coverer,  hiller,  and  horse-hoe:  and  un¬ 
equaled  as  a  cultivator. 

The  1911  Planet  Jr  catalogue  is  free.  It  illustrates, 
and  describes  55  different  implements  for  the 
farm  and  garden. 

Write  for  it  today. 

S  L  Allen  &  Co  ■  -  mnr 

Box  1107  V  Philadelphia  Pa  -  ■  di&r  W 


Can  You  Afford  to  Waste  Grain? 


tiona  l>y  :no8t8uece88ful  stock-raisers  in  thiscountry. 
how  to  feed  hogs,  cattle,  inilk-eows,  horses,  sheep  and 
poultry.  Don’t  miss  this  opportunity.  W  rite  to-day  1 

Hew  z/feUand  Feed  Mills 

are  money-makers  for  farmers  and  stock-raisers. 
They  grindcorn  on  the  cobor  smallgrain  perfectly. 
W  ill  grind  coarse  for  stock.or  llneas  flour  for  table. 
Easy  to  run.  Use  any  kind  of  power.  6sizes.  Get 
one  from  your  dealer  on  FreeTrial.  If  he  hasn’t 
one,  write  us.  We  will  then  supply  you  and  give 
you  an  extended  Free  Trial.  Send  for  catalogue. 
NEW  HOLLAND  MACHINE  CO.,  Box  41  New  Holland.  P*. 


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Ill- 


86 


January  14, 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  and  TRADE 

Wool. — Boston  is  the  great  wool  market 
of  this  country,  and  is  Beginning  the  year 
with  heavy  stocks,  especially  of  western 
wools.  The  present  outlook  is  not  favorable 
to  higher  prices. 

Mints  in  the  United  states  coined  money 
to  the  value  of  .$111,501,133  during  1910. 
The  total  number  of  pieces  was  213,962,- 
716,  of  which  8,586,493  were  gold  and  22,- 
361,652  silver. 

Of  a  cargo  of  4,643  pigs  from  China, 
arriving  at  London,  England,  319  were  con¬ 
demned  because  examination  showed  tuber¬ 
culosis. 

Cabbage,  in  New  York  City,  has  been 
lower  than  in  interior  markets,  $9  to  $11 
per  ton.  Trade  in  this  vegetable  is  rather 
light  during  the  holidays,  and  will  probably 
pick  up  later. 

There  are  now  in  this  country  7,231 
national  banks,  with  authorized  capital  of 
$1,014,591,135,  and  outstanding  circulation 
of  $727,705,981.  In  the  South  393  banks 
were  started  during  the  past  year,  with 
total  capital  of  $9,364,500. 

Year’s  Metal  Output. — The  production 
of  pig  iron  in  the  United  States  was  27,- 
200,000  tons;  copper,  649,107  tons;  lead, 
469,682  tons  ;  and  zinc,  267,423  tons.  The 
world’s  total  production  of  iron  was  63,- 
169,000  tons,  and  of  copper,  890,000  tons. 
Following  are  current  metal  prices  at  first 
hand  in  this  country :  Foundry  iron,  $14 
per  ton;  copper,  12%  cents  per  pound; 
lead,  4.45  cents. 

Customs  Notes. — During  1910,  331,322 
passengers  landing  at  the  port  of  New 
York  paid  $1,776,280.74  duty  on  baggage. 
In  the  22  months  that  the  present  Col¬ 
lector  of  the  I’ort  has  been  in  office,  $3,941,- 
276.83  has  been  collected  in  fines  on  un¬ 
dervaluations  and  other  forms  of  customs 
dishonesty.  Toronto,  Canada,  had  a  record 
customs  year,  duties  paid  amounting  to 
$14,075,000,  a  gain  of  $2,275,000  over  the 
preceding  year. 

Italians  for  Truck  Farming. — I  have 
about  100  acres  of  land  suitable  for  gar¬ 
dening  and  would  like  to  correspond  with 
some  families  of  foreigners.  Do  you  know 
of  any  associations  that  interest  themselves 
in  finding  locations  for  such  people? 

Michigan.  S.  B.  M. 

It  will  be  well  to  correspond  with  Labor 
Information  Office  for  Italians,  59  La 
fayette  street,  New  York,  or  with  the 
Scandinavian-American  Line,  1  Broadway, 
N.  Y.  The  Italian  bureau  named  is  main¬ 
tained  by  the  Italian  Government  for  the 
purpose  of  helping  immigrants  of  that  na¬ 
tionality  to  get  out  on  the  land  instead 
of  congregating  in  the  cities. 

Potatoes  from  Porto  Rico. — At  the  end 
of  December  consumers  in  the  suburban 
towns  15  miles  from  New  York  were  pay¬ 
ing  $1  a  bushel  for  potatoes  from  Porto 
Rico.  They  were  excellent,  smooth,  white 
tubers,  of  good  quality,  with  little  waste. 
Local  potatoes  had  sold  for  75  cents  to  $1 
a  bushel  earlier  in  the  season,  but  the 
quality  was  not  good,  owing  to  an  unfavor¬ 
able  season,  and  there  was  a  good  deal  of 
complaint  from  purchasers.  Those  Porto 
Rico  potatoes  come  in  free  of  duty,  and  are 
no  doubt  handled  at  favorable  steamer 
transportation  rates.  These  suburban  buy¬ 
ers  afford  a  good  market,  and  one  would 
imagine  that  such  trade  would  make  a 
favorable  outlet  for  growers  in  the  Eastern 
States,  rather  than  an  outlying  island. 

Christmas  Florists’  Trade. — The  holi¬ 
days  just  past  showed  an  increasing  sale 
of  pot  plants ;  trade  authorities  in  New 
York  report  practically  all  the  pot  plants 
on  the  market  cleaned  out,  and  there  is 
no  doubt  the  sales  weie  unprecedented  in 
most  cities.  Palms,  ferns  and  Arcaucarias 
(Norfolk  Island  pine)  are  always  sold  large¬ 
ly  in  addition  to  flowering  plants.  The 
showy  Poinsettlas,  with  their  vivid  red 
bracts,  are  strong  favorites;  a  great  many 
Cyclamens  are  sold,  quantities  of  Begonias, 
and  a  variety  of  miscellaneous  stock.  The 
increasing  inclination  to  buy  plants  as 
Christmas  gifts  is  to  be  commended,  and 
not  only  from  the  florist’s  standpoint.  Cut 
flowers  did  not  do  so  well ;  there  was  a 
vast  amount  of  stock  on  the  market,  medi¬ 
um  sales  and  low  prices.  Quantities  of  pink 
roses  sold  at  $3  to  $6  per  100,  though 
some  very  choice  Killarney  and  My  Mary¬ 
land  reached  $15,  $20  and  $25.  Very  choice 
Richmond  is  reported  at  $25  to  $50  per 
100;  American  Beauty,  $6  to  $12  per 
dozen,  but  the  latter  for  extras  only.  Car¬ 
nations  ranged  from  $3  to  $10  per  100, 
the  latter  for  choice  red,  though  there 
were  some  sales  of  extra  stock  at  prices 
above  the  market.  There  was  a  slump  in 
violets  at  the  end  of  the  week,  but  the 
quoted  price  was  $1.25  per  100,  some  spe¬ 
cials  going  up  to  $1.50;  lily  of  the  valley, 
$2  to  $4  per  100;  lilies,  $10  per  100; 
sweet  peas,  $1.50  to  $2  per  dozen  bunches; 
Paper  White  Narcissus,  $1  to  $2  per  100 ; 
white  Roman  hyacinths,  $1  to  $1.50  per 
100.  Gardenias  (Cape  jasmine)  were  $1  to 
$4  per  dozen,  which  is  not  very  consoling 
to  a  man  who  grows  high-grade  long¬ 
stemmed  flowers.  Cattleyas,  those  beautiful 
mauve  and  purple  orchids,  which  suggest 
ideas  of  luxury  to  most  women,  were  50 
cents  to  $1  each.  Wallflowers,  which  are 
grown  as  a  catch  crop,  ran  about  35  cents 
per  bunch  of  six  sprays ;  these  find  their 
outlet  chiefly  among  high-class  retailers, 
who  add  a  few  sprays  to  a  box  of  flowers 
because  of  their  delicious  fragrance.  Pink 
lupines  are  among  novelties  grown  in  the 
same  way.  The  sales  or  Christmas  greens 
are  reported  as  far  beyond  all  previous 
years.  Immense  quantities  of  holly  were 
sold,  but  late  arrivals  caused  a  great  slump 
in  the  price  two  days  before  Christmas. 
The  previous  week  holly  sold  on  the  pier 
in  New  York  at  $4  to  $5  per  case,  but 
great  quantities  arrived  as  late  as  Decem¬ 
ber  23,  which  caused  the  price  to  drop  as 
low  qs  75  cents  per  case  in  large  lots,  and 
$2  per  case  retail.  It  was  said  that 
much  holly  was  short  of  berries,  but  we  saw 
much  that  was  of  high  quality,  and  the 
foliage  was  generally  very  good. 

Selling  Potatoes  Direct. — “Can  you 
tell  me  of  anyone  in  New  Y’ork  City  to 
whom  I  can  sell  potatoes  direct  without 
going  through  the  hands  of  middleman  ?” 

New  York.  A.  R. 

We  know  of  no  retailer  who  could  be 
recommended.  Of  course  they  are  not  all 
dishonest,  but  some  who  are  so  to-day  may 
be  to-morrow,  when  bad  debts  or  some 


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unfortunate  turn  of  trade  pinches  them. 
The  writer  has  looked  up  a  good  many 
cases  where  people  who  had  sent  goods  to 
such  merchants  direct  found  themselves  in 
trouble,  and  knows  how  difficult  it  is  to 
squeeze  a  settlement  out  of  a  man  with 
but  little  capital  and  low  business  rating. 
The  risk  of  sending  produce  to  them  is 
too  great.  Possibly  the  Grange  or  some 
live  producers’  associations  may  get  at  this 
matter  in  the  future  and  establish,  in  sev¬ 
eral  large  cities,  stores  that  will  sell  far¬ 
mers’ wares  to  the  consumer,  taking  only  one 
instead  of  several  profits.  The  idea  is 
not  a  new  one.  It  has  been  thrashed  out 
frequently  in  farmers’  meetings  and  in 
print,  but  it  seldom  gets  beyond  the  talk 
stage  in  which  it  is  proposed  to  crowd  out 
the  middlemen.  When  a  grocer  who  means 
business  starts  a  store,  be  hires  a  building, 
gets  his  stock  of  goods  and  offers  them 
to  the  people.  That  is.  Just  the  proposition 
that  is  before  an  organization  of  farmers 
who  want  to  sell  their  produce  direct  to 
the  consumers  in  a  large  city.  It  is  more 
a  matter  of  having  the  right  goods  and 
being  accommodating,  than  of  fighting  the 
middleman  or  crowing  about  what  is  to 
be  done  when  he  is  put  out  of  business. 

w.  w.  H. 


Protection  Against  Rabbits. 

We  have  always  depended  on  tarred 
paper  to  prevent  damage  by  mice  in  the 
orchards,  and  have  had  little  trouble  from 
any  gnawing  above  the  paper.  We  have 
never  used  any  wash  or  spray,  and  there¬ 
fore  I  have  no  advice  to  give  in  reference 
to  same.  We  have  had  considerable  trou¬ 
ble  where  we  have  neglected  to  wrap  the 
trees ;  have  been  quite  successful  in  saving 
the  trees  by  bridging  over  (inarching) 
with  small  twigs  and  covering  with  clay 
and  cow  manure.  chas.  s.  pope. 

Maine. 


School  of  Box  Packing. — The  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Pomology  of  Cornell  will  hold  a 
packing  school  for  box  anplcs  during  Farm¬ 
ers’  Week,  February  20-25.  A  series  of 
lectures  covering  the  theory  and  practice 
of  packing  will  be  given  in  the  forenoons, 
and  laboratory  practice  in  the  afternoons. 
The  laboratory  work  will  consist  of  the 
actual  practice  of  wrapping  and  packing 
apples.  The  course  is  open  to  everyone. 
Inasmuch  as  tjhe  laboratory  facilities  are 
limited,  it  will  be  necessary  to  register 
in  advance  for  the  work.  Those  who  wish 
the  course  are  requested  to  send  their 
names  to  the  department  at  once. 


Martin  Fertilizers 

again,  in  lfllO,  fa r  exceed  expectations  in  sales  and 
crop  results.  Farmers  for  20  or  more  years  using 
fertilizers  say  they  never  had  as  good  crops  as  with 
Martin’s;  oats  over  (HI  bu..  wheat  over  30  bn.  per 
acre  with  but  150  pounds.  Agents  are  selling  more 
MARTIN  PURE  ANIMAL  BONE  FERTILIZERS  easier  and  in 
less  time  than  any  they  ever  sold.  Haw  materials 
used  are  of  the  best  and  chiefly  from  our  own?  large 
abattoirs  and  stockyards.  We  want  active,  re¬ 
sponsible  agents  at  once.  Farmers  who  have  spare 
time  durint:  the  winter  can  add  to  their  Incomes. 
Write  NOW.  Mention  this  paper. 

D.  B.  MARTIN  CO.,  706  Penn  Bldg’.,  Pittjburg,  Pa. 


BUY  LIME  NOW/ 

sacks,  carlots, 

for  S7.50  per  fon.  Lime  screenings  in  bnlk,  from 
best  grade  of  burnt  lime,  S5.00  per  toa.  f.  o.  b. 
cars  any  point  between  Buffalo  and  New  York 
on  main  lines  of  the  N.  Y.  Central.  Erie,  T).  L. 
&  W.  and  <\  R.  R.  of  N.  J.  Order  early  before 
the  great  demand  sets  in  and  delays  shipments. 

Address  J.  W.  BALLARD  CO.,  Binghamton.  New  York. 


|  Cfl  Farmc  FOR  SALE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
KJU  I  □  I  III O  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horace  G.  Reeder.  Newtown.  Pa. 


WHY 


The  Bowker  Grand  Prize 
of  $500  was  awarded  to  a 
Crop  of  127  Bushels  Yel¬ 
low  Flint  over  one  of  133 
Bushels  White  Dent  at 


the  New  England  Corn  Show  at  Worcester,  Mass. 

jiff"  Because  of  Greater  Food  Value 


I 


The  Protein,  Fat,  Sugar,  etc.,  contained  in  the  crop 
of  127  bushels  yellow  Hint  (equal  to  103 
bushels  crib-dry  shelled  corn)  grown  by 
Perley  E.  Davis,  Granby,  Mass.,  was  . 

The  Protein,  Fat,  Sugar,  etc.,  contained  in  the  crop 
of  133  bushels  white  dent  (equal  to  83 
bushels  crib-dry  shelled  corn)  was 

Difference  in  food  value  in  favor  of  Flint  Crop 


4934  Lbs. 


4102  Lbs. 

832  Lbs . 


According-  to  feeding:  values  approved  by  Dr.  J.  R.  Lindsey, 
Massachusetts  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  the  Davis 
crop  fed  for  beef  and  the  average  amount  assimilated  would 
produce  .  .  .  •  1155  lbs.  of  beef. 

While  the  Dent  crop  would  yield  .  951 

Prof.  R.  M-  Washburn,  Vermont  Experiment  Station  has 
figured  out  that  if  the  Davis  crop  was  fed  for  milk,  it  would 
produce  .  13,051  lbs.  of  milk, 

and  the  Dent  crop  .  .  •  10,746 


it  i  i 


This  contest  shows  that  the  Stockbridge  Corn  Manure  produces  not  only  a  large  amount 
of  corn  per  acre, but  with  the  right  kind  of  seed,  a  corn  rich  in  food  -constituents. 

Use  StocKbridge  and  Get 
Greatest  Food  Value  From  Your  Land 

Send  today  for  full  particulars  concerning  next  year’s  prizes.  Also  for  our  new 
Stockbridge  Catalogue  and  Book  of  the  Corn  Contest,  mailed  free. 

Fertilizer  Company, 

43  Chatham  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 


BOWKER 


1 


\ 


1011. 


THtC  RURAL  N  IC  W  -  Y  O  RKER 


37 


VALUE  OF  CORN  FODDER. 

Advice  on  Cutting  and  Storing. 

In  these  times  of  high  feed,  with  hay 
at  $14  to  $30  per  ton,  the  importance 
of  this  coarser  feed  comes  into  play  as  a 
god  substitute  if  properly  handled  and 
fed.  Corn  cut  and  put  up  when  suffi¬ 
ciently  glazed  has  usually  its  stalks  and 
leaves  in  a  green  state  filled  with  nutri¬ 
ment.  In  cutting  for  feeding  purposes, 
one  should  do  so  at  this  stage,  for  if 
left  longer,  the  fiber  both  of  the  leaves 
and  stalks  gets  woody,  similar  to  over¬ 
ripe  Timothy,  and  loses  the  greater  por¬ 
tion  of  the  feeding  value ;  every  frost 
and  rain  subsequently  deteriorates  it  in 
value,  and  many  of  the  leaves  fall  and 
are  lost.  I  prefer  to  put  in  large  shocks, 
containing  approximately  100  hills,  or  in 
other  words,  cut  10x10.  These  shocks 
I  make  over  a  stool  of  four  lulls,  then 
later  if  severe  storms  occur,  more  stand 
than  if  made  smaller.  Very  nearly  as 
much  fodder  gets  blackened  by  the 
weather  upon  the  outside  of  a  small 
shock  as  a  larger  one,  and  when  placed 
in  the  latter  it  stands  better,  and  as  no 
storms  or  sun  penetrate  to  the  interior, 
when  husked,  the  fodder,  although  cured 
perfectly,  will  be  found  nearly  as  green  ! 
in  color  and  as  palatable  as  the  day  it 
was  cut. 

The  biggest  difference  imaginable  ex¬ 
ists  in  the  feeding  value  of  corn  fodder, 
whether  placed  in  larger  or  smaller 
shocks.  It  has  been  stated  that  corn  is 
very  apt  to  rot  or  mould  if  placed  in 
large  shocks.  During  my  observation  of 
others  and  an  experience  of  20  years  in 
harvesting  my  corn  in  large  to  very  large 
shocks,  I  have  never  found  a  shock 
ruined  by  so  handling.  In  a  tour  through  j 
corn  sections  where  they  shock  it  one 
will  readily  find  more  small  shocks  down 
than  larger  ones.  Corn  when  cut  at  the 
right  stage,  cured  properly  in  large 
shocks,  shredded,  and  when  fed,  salted 
slightly,  will  be  found  nearly  if  not  even, 
as  nutritious  as  the  best  hay  and  at  one- 
third  its  cost.  It  has  also  this  in  its 
favor :  it  is  never  dusty  and  seldom 
musty.  One  may  ration  horses  with  bad 
wind,  heaves,  etc.,  on  shredded  corn  fod¬ 
der  and  keep  them  for  years  of  useful¬ 
ness,  whereas  if  fed  on  an  all-hay  and 
grain  ration  they  would  last  but  a  short 
time.  As  for  worms,  as  some,  not  well 
informed,  contend  corn  fodder  will  pro¬ 
duce  in  horses,  I  will  say  that  rather 
they  are  a  condition  of  the  animal  and 
not  a  creation  caused  by  feeding  it,  and 
indeed  had  I  wormy  horses  they,  by  all 
means,  would  get  due  rations  of  this  ex¬ 
cellent  feed.  If  farmer  friends  would 
experiment  more  and  study  the  value  of 
good  corn  fodder  a  different  meaning 
than  at  present  would  attach  to  the 
phrase,  “wintering  through  on  corn 
stalks.”  At  present  it  is  the  one  feed 
crop  most  neglected  of  all  on  farms. 
Eveii  after  four  or  five  heavy  rains,  when 
clover  gets  black  as  one’s  hat  and  its 
value  literally  washed  away,  many  will 
rush  it  to  the  cover  of  the  barn  as 
though  some  treasure,  and  stack  this  fod¬ 
der,  worth  three  times  as  much  for  feed,  '■ 
under  the  eaves  outside  to  freeze  full 
of  snow  and  ice,  during  the  Winter. 
This  is  certainly  poor  policy.  Lucky 
the  farmer  who  has  tons  of  properly 
cured,  carefully  housed  shredded  fodder, 
not  only  to  feed  his  cattle,  but  also  for 
his  horses  and  colts.  g.  a.  randall. 
Michigan. 

More  Corx  Harvester  Talk. — I  would 
like  to  ask  A.  H.  D.  of  Virginia,  page 
1004,  wbat  he  needs  three  men  for  with  a 
corn  harvester.  One  must  have  been  lone¬ 
some  and  wanted  company.  If  one  man 
with  a  good  team  cannot  cut  five  acres  a 
day  easy  there  would  better  be  a  man  on 
the  job  that  knows  his  business.  As  for 
plowing  down  the  corn  stubble,  which  Mr. 
Itines  objected  to,  I  can  only  say  that  I 
plowed  my  five  acres  of  corn  stubble  in  a 
little  over  40  hours  actual  time,  and  had 
no  bother  on  account  of  stalks  being  too 
long.  Still  some  plowing  being  done  (No-> 
vein  her  27),  but  weather  is  turning  raw 
and  stormy.  Streams  and  ponds  very  low 
and  wells  dry ;  more  so  than  for  years. 
Vassalboro,  Me.  c.  j.  B. 


Trouble  with  Dwarf  Apple. 

F.  L.,  Ridgefield  Park ,  Ar.  J. — What  is 
the  trouble  with  a  dwarf  apple  tree,  prob¬ 
ably  eight  years  old,  imported  from  France, 
which  has  been  planted  in  my  garden  for 
three  years?  It  is  a  strong,  vigorous  tree, 
seemingly  in  good  health,  except  numerous 
galls  on  branches  and  twigs,  of  which  I  en¬ 
close  specimen,  also  please  advise  treat¬ 
ment.  This  tree  in  spite  of  its  size  and 
vigor  bore  only  one  apple  year  before  last 
and  none  last  year. 

Ans. — The  branches  sent  have  been, 
evidently,  infested  with  the  Woolly  aphis. 
As  you  are  aware,  this  is  one  of  the 
worst  pests  on  apple  trees  in  this  coun¬ 
try  when  it  once  becomes  firmly  estab¬ 
lished.  There  are  two  forms,  the  branch, 
or  aerial  form,  and  the  root,  or  under¬ 
ground  form,  the  latter  of  which  is  much 
the  worse.  In  fact,  it  is  the  root  form 
that  causes  the  serious  trouble,  and  the 
branch  form  serves  as  an  indication  of 
the  presence  of  the  root  form.  The 
knots  on  the  branches  are  not  caused 
by  the  insect  itself,  although  the  aphids 
take  advantage  of  the  crevices  afforded 
by  the  enlargements  and  live  in  the  pro¬ 
tecting  nooks.  I  would  suggest  that 


inquirer  examine  the  root  of  his 
tree,  and  if  he  finds  the  Woolly  aphis 
present  to  hoe  away  the  dirt  around 
the  trunk  of  the  tree  in  a  circle  four 
feet  in  diameter,  say,  to  the  depth  of 
three  or  four  inches.  Then  the  soil  in 
this  circle  should  be  soaked  with  15 
per  cent,  kerosene  emulsion,  using 
probably  three  or  four  gallons  over  the 
area  indicated.  After  treatment  the  dirt 
should  be  replaced.  A  word  of  precau¬ 
tion  is  necessary,  viz.,  that  the  kerosene 
emulsion  should  not  be  applied  at  this 
time  of  the  year  while  the  tree  is  dor¬ 
mant,  because  strange  to  say,  injury  is 
liable  to  result.  He  should,  therefore, 
wait  until  the  tree  becomes  active  in 
the  Spring  and  the  sap  is  circulating 
before  making  the  application.  Regard¬ 
ing  the  knots  themselves,  I  should  say 
that  they  were  caused  by  some  physi¬ 
ological  irritation,  possibly  by  the  pres¬ 
ence  of  the  aphids  upon  the  roots.  Very 
likely,  however,  it  is  simply  the  manner 
of  growth  of  the  tree  itself  and  not 
due  to  any  injury.  The  branch  form 
of  the  aphis  may  be  controlled  by  spray¬ 
ing  with  kerosene  emulsion.  g.  w.  h. 


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“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page 


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BBLS 


YEARLY 

OUTPUT 

OVER 

6,500.000 


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38 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


January  14, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


Both  Ends. — New  Year’s  came  to  us 
in  New  Jersey  with  something  like  a 
wet  blanket.  There  was  a  heavy  rain, 
followed  by  one  of  the  mean  mists  . 
which  fill  the  air  with  moisture.  You 
can  have  no  use  for  such  a  day  ex¬ 
cept  that  you  can  look  at  your  coat  and 
see  just  how  the  spray  should  be  put 
on  the  trees !  Our  country  needed  the 
rain,  yet  it  will  not  help  the  wells  much. 
Now  the  strawberries  must  be  covered. 
Our  great  hill  plants  have  not  been 
hurt.  During  this  warm  spell  they  be¬ 
gan  to  put  out  new  leaves.  Our  stock 
has  been  cut  down  for  the  Winter,  but 
what  we  have  left  looks  well  from  the 
cats  to  the  horses.  You  remember  that 
we  began  feeding  the  corn  fodder  early. 

It  is  still  being  fed — the  horses  have 
no  other  roughage.  The  grain  is  mostly 
bran  with  the  nubbins  on  the  stalks. 

.  .  .  Several  people  have  asked  about 

our  fireless  cooker.  It  has  given  good 
satisfaction.  It  works  on  the  principle 
of  confined  heat.  There  are  two  pieces 
of  metal  much  like  a  stove  cover  or  lid. 
These  are  heated  on  the  stove,  or  over 
a  lamp.  One  is  put  at  the  bottom  of 
the  cooker  and  the  food  to  be  cooked  is 
put  in  a  dish  over  this  hot  metal.  The 
other  hot  piece  is  put  above  the  dish 
and  then  the  whole  thing  is  shut  up  into 
a  sort  of  cabinet.  Unable  to  escape  the 
heat  goes  to  work  and  cooks  the  food  in 
the  dish.  We  can  boil  meat,  cook  a 
stew  or  pudding,  make  biscuits  or  do 
any  form  of  baking.  The  thing  is  quite 
satisfactory  and  certainly  show«  how 
much  of  the  heat  must  be  wasted  in 
the  average  stove.  ...  As  New 
Year’s  night  came  on  I  built  a  fire  in 
the  big  fireplace  and  sat  beside  it  alone 
trying  to  imagine  the  room  filled  with 
the  noisy  crowd  of  red  heads  and  yellow 
heads  who  were  at  that  time  running 
about  in  the  Florida  sand.  For  while 
we  were  in  that  raw  mist  and  waiting 
for  the  promised  “cold  wave”  to  come, 
our  folks  in  the  South  were  having 
June  weather.  The  air  is  mild  and 
balmy,  and  they  are  actually  consider¬ 
ing  the  plan  of  going  in  bathing  in  the 
large  lake !  With  me  before  my  lonely 
fire,  the  house  seemed  peopled  with  the 
six  or  more  generations  who  have  lived 
on  our  farm.  Those  little  folks  in  the 
South  are  not  considering  the  past  of 
Hope  Farm.  That  does  not  concern 
them  yet,  and  I  am  rather  glad  of  it. 
They  are  thinking  of  the  blue  sky,  the 
red  sunset  clouds,  the  green  hills ‘and 
the  fruit  slowly  ripening  on  the  trees 
which  they  will  surely  find  here  in  June. 
For  in  spite  of  the  balm  and  rest  in  the 
Florida  air  they  are  all  looking  ahead 
to  the  hills  of  Hope  Farm  when  the  time 
comes  to  move  back.  I  have  a  few 
problems  on  hand  which  may  well  make 
me  thoughtful,  but  the  little  folks  are 
more  interested  in  voting  about  the  new 
dog.  Shall  it  be  a  big  one  or  a  little 
one?  That’s  an  important  matter  for 
the  children  to  decide.  1  am  afraid  that 
if  1  got  all  the  different  dogs  the  chil¬ 
dren  want,  1  should  have  such  evidence 
of  poverty  running  and  barking  about 
that  no  one  would  extend  us  credit. 
But  I  do  mean  that  this  houseful  of 
little  folks  shall  have  a  good  childhood 
no  matter  what  happens.  I  have  been 
walking  about  the  farm  looking  at  the 
fields  and  orchards  and  thinking  what 
we  can  do  to  have  our  crops  come 
along  with  the  children.  The  year 
opens  well  with  us.  The  farm  never  was 
in  better  condition  or  more  productive 
than  now.  This  is  naturally  our  fruit 
x^ear,  and  we  think  we  have  things  ready 
for  a  good  yield.  It  may  all  be  upset, 
but  we  will  hope  not,  and  when  we 
get  these  little  folks  tucked  away  for 
the  Summer  life  will  seem  very  full. 

Truth  and  Hens. — I  am  glad  that  the 
woman  who  asked  the  questions  on 
page  1120  has  a  chance  to  tell  the  full 
truth  about  poultry.  I  hope  she  will 
have  the  nerve  to  hold  on  to  the  job 
through  thick  and  thin,  and  tell  us  just 
what  the  hens  do.  Does  it  then  require 
nerve  to  report  just  what  the  business 
hen  does  while  she  is  getting  ready  for 
business?  It  does,  and  we  seldom  get  a 
real  slice  of  it.  I  have  heard  men  smil¬ 
ing  and  chuckling  over  the  profit  in 
poultry  when  right  at  that  moment 
their  eggs  were  Costing  them  eight  and 
10  cents  each!  We  have  tried  poultry 
in  various  ways  at  Hope  Farm,  but  have 
never  been  able  to  show  any  wonderful 
profits.  We  think  we  can  grow  big 
strawberries  and  onions  and  have  hopes 
for  apples,  but  somehow  the  hen  busi¬ 
ness  is  different.  We  have  come  to  the 
point  where  it  must  be  a  very  strong 
new  “system”  to  start  us  off  into  dreams 
of  $5  per  hen !  I  will  not  deny  that  it 
has  been  done  or  is  being  done,  but  I 
frankly  admit  that  the  people  who  do 
it  are  smarter  than  we  are.  That  is  one 
reason  why  I  sincerely  hope  this  woman 
will  keep  at  it  and  tell  us  the  truth. 


My  judgment  is  that  a  woman  would  be 
more  likely  to  do  this  than  a  man. 

Florida  Dairying. — The  trouble  in 
getting  good  milk  for  the  little  folks 
and  the  high  price  of  what  we  do  get 
has  set  me  figuring  on  the  dairy  problem. 
There  are  a  good  many  half-wild  cattle 
running  in  the  Florida  woods.  They 
seem  to  be  small  and  stunted  and  wild 
as  hawks.  Apparently  they  barely  give 
milk  enough  to  bring  up  a  calf  prop¬ 
erly.  I  have  not  been  able  to  buy  a 
good  cow  in  that  country  at  any  reason¬ 
able  price,  and  the  great  proportion  of 
Northern  boarders  must  depend  on  a 
herd  of  “tin  heifers,”  or  canned  milk. 
There  is  no  use  taking  a  good  cow 
from  the  North,  or  I  should  have  done 
so  this  year.  I  think  it  would  be  pos¬ 
sible  to  select  some  of  the  best  of  these 
woods  cattle,  feed  them  well  and  breed 
up  from  a  good  Jersey  or  Guernsey  and 
thus  have  acclimated  stock.  I  have  been 
impressed  by  what  Wm.  Sinclair  has 
written  about  feeding  cactus  in  Texas. 

I  know  that  he  really  does  what  he 
claims.  Why  could  we  not  work  that 
scheme  in  Florida?  Dr.  Griffiths,  of  the 
Department  of  Agriculture,  thinks  the 
cactus  plant  would  fail  in  Putnam  Co. 
Along  the  coast  the  cactus  will  do  rea¬ 
sonably  well,  but  in  the  interior  it  goes 
down,  during  the  hot,  moist  weather  of 
Summer.  One  reason  why  I  thought  of 
cactus  was  the  saving  of  fencing,  which 
is  an  expense  and  a  nuisance  in  Florida. 

But  leaving  out  the  cactus,  there  seems 
no  doubt  that  the  feed  question  is  easy. 
Bermuda  grass  makes  a  fine  pasture, 
with  grazing  nearly  the  entire  year. 
During  the  Summer  sorghum,  beggar- 
weed,  cow  peas  and  crab  grass  will 
thrive,  and  in  Winter  rye,  vetch,  Velvet 
bean  and  Essex  rape  will  all  grow.  I 
find  that  a  few  dairymen  in  Florida  have 
silos  which  they  fill  with  corn  and 
sorghum.  Milk  sells  readily  at  40  to  50 
cents  a  gallon,  and  dairymen  claim  to 
make  a  profit  of  $100  per  cow  yearly. 

I  can  readily  believe  that  a  good  cow 
could  do  that  with  the  cheap  feed  which 
that  southern  country  can  be  made  to 
produce.  I  believe  it  will  be  harder  to 
get  good  cows,  but  there  is  no  question 
in  my  mind  about  the  opportunity  for 
dairying  and  stock  feeding  in  that  warm 
climate.  I  think  it  would  pay  a  man  of 
ordinary  means  better  than  orange  grow¬ 
ing  or  trucking.  There  may  be  many 
drawbacks  not  in  sight ;  if  so  I  would 
like  to  know  what  they  are. 

Life  in  the  Navy. — You  remember 
that  the  question  about  boys  in  the 
navy  recently  came  up.  As  we  are  after 
the  facts,  I  print  the  following  letter 
from  a  sailor: 

On  page  1142  E.  M.  N.  inquires  about 
the  navy  and  what  chances  a  young  man 
has  theire.  Having  spent  three  years  in 
our  navy,  I  think  that  I  am  qualified  to 
say  a  word  on  the  subject.  When  a  man 
enters  the  navy  he  loses  his  individuality  ; 
he  is  no  longer  Jack  or  Jim,  but  simply  a 
number.  He  will  be  subjected  to  gibes  and 
jests  never  heard  outside  a  man  of  war, 
and  if  his  American  blood  revolts  and  if 
he  strikes  a  blow  in  self  defence,  he  will 
get  punished  with  extra  work  and  loss  of 
liberty  on  shore.  Now  for  his  great  chances 
of  seeing  the  world  and  of  advancement. 
He  will  see  the  world  from  the  deck  of 
his  ship,  or  if  the  ship  stays  long  enough 
in  port  and  he  is  a  man  without  a  mark 
against  him,  he  can  go  ashore  from  noon 
to  7  a.  m.  next  day.  How  much  can  he 
see  of  the  place  in  that  time?  As  for 
promotions,  if  you  are  sober  and  indus¬ 
trious  and  turn  your  right  ear  around  when 
struck  on  the  left,  you  will  have  a  chance 
to  advance  to  a  position  of  chief  petty 
officer,  and  that  is  as  far  as  you  ever  will 
go  without  political  influence.  After  your 
enlistment  expires,  you  either  have  to  re¬ 
enlist  or  else  commence  where  you  left  off 
before  your  enlistment.  You  will  be  like 
a  stranger  to  everything  you  worked  at, 
because  the  world  does  not  ston  and  wait 
while  you  are  buried  up.  Aboard  ship 
you  are  aroused  from  your  bed  at  5  a.  m., 
no  matter  if  you  have  been  on  deck  all 
night;  you  drink  a  cup  of  black  coffee,  and 
then  turn  to  and  wash  down  decks ;  at  7 
a.  m.  breakfast;  8  a.  m.  muster,  and  then 
drills  to  10  and  sometimes  to  12  o’clock. 
Your  work  is  not  very  hard,  but  you  are 
always  doing  something,  and  you  are  al¬ 
ways'  aware  that  you  are  the  under  dog. 
Your  food  is  the  coarsest  imaginable,  and 
the  only  way  you  can  get  anything  fit  to 
eat  is  to  stop  your  ration,  get  the  $9 
allowed  for  it,  put  a  few  dollars  from 
your  own  pocket  with  it,  and  give  it  to  the 
steward  of  the  mess,  and  he  will  buy  pro¬ 
vision  from  shore.  At  sea  in  heavy  weather 
all  hands  stay  on  deck,  in  ordinary  weather 
at  night  you* have  four  hours  on  deck  and 
four  below.  At  night  you  sleep  in  your 
hammock  ;  what  little  sleep  you  get  in  day 
time  you  will  take  where  you  find  a  shel¬ 
tered  spot,  no  hammock  then.  This  is  a 
true  story  of  life  in  our  navy,  a  *  a  farm¬ 
er’s  boy  might  well  stop  and  consider  be¬ 
fore  he  enters  a  service  that  he  cannot 
leave,  no  matter  how  distasteful  it  is  to 
him.  My  advice  to  the  young  man  is,  stay 
on  the  farm,  no  matter  how  hard  your 
work ;  you  are  not  called  out  from  your 
comfortable  bed  for  drill  or  fire  quarters. 
If  you  have  a  liking  for  the  sea,  take  a 
trip  in  some  of  our  merchant  ships,  and  if 
you  like  the  life  you  will  have  a  chance  to 
advance  to  a  higher  position  and  salary,  as 
you  never  will  have  if  you  spend  a  lifetime 
in  the  navy.  Andrew  j.  gibson. 

New  Hampshire. 

That  tallies  reasonably  well  with  the 
information  I  have  had  from  other 
quarters.  The  farm  for  me.  h.  w.  c. 


HUBER 

GAS  TRACTOR. 

An  all-round  farm  tractor. 
Intended  to  take  the  place  of 
teams  for  plowing,  and  for 
hauling  all  farm  machinery. 

Also  a  fine  belt  power  for 
running  small  thresher,  baler, 
feed  cutter,  saw  mill. 

Uses  a  surprisingly  small 
quantity  of  gasoline. 

Built  for  heavy  duty,  but  in 
construction  is  equal  to  the 
finest  marine  or  automobile 
engine. 

Backed  by  most  ample  guar¬ 
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engines. 

Full  information  on  request. 

The  Huber  Manufacturing  Go. 

646  Center  Street,  MARION,  OHIO 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  T  he 
r.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
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and  you  will  have  no 
trouble  keeping  your 
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You  can  not  only  lift  the 
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THE  FARMER’S  WIFE 

APPRECIATES  THE  VALUE  OF  A  GASOLINE  ENGINE  AS  A  LABOR  SAVER  IN  THE  HOME 


WITH  TiaWteas y  AIR  COOLED 

she  churns,  does  the  washing,  runs  cream  separator,  makes  ice  cream, 
has  a  water  supply  for  sink  nud  bath  room.  On  the  farm  iile  is  worth 
living  with  THE  “HEW-WAT”  AIR  COOLED  FARM  ENGINE. 


Just  ask  your 
wife  about  it, 
then  ask  us 
for  catalog  5. 


The  New-Way  Herex  Compamy 

LAMSf/re,  Mkktcah.  U.S.A. 


140 

SHERIDAN  ST. 


Don’t  Strain  Your  Back  With  Heavy  Lifting! 

You  can  lift  as  much  as  three  strong  men  with  but  little  exertion  if  you  use  the 

Burr  Automatic  Safety  Tackle  Block 

You  do  not  need  the  assistance  of  a  hired  man  to  change  wagon  boxes,  stretch 
wire,  move  heavy  stones,  lift  and  move  injured  or  dead  animals,  when  you  have 
a  Burr  Block.  Just  the  thing  for  the  garage  for  changing  auto  bodies  and  lifting 
the  chassis  for  underneath  work. 


Burr  Automatic  Safety 
Tackle  Block 

does  nil  the  work  of  n  chain  block  in  n  much  better  way.  It  is  the  only  rope  block  that  oom- 
pares  with  a  chain  block  yet  does  not  gouge  or  chew  the  rope  every  time  it  is  locked. 

The  Burr  Block  Is  Easily  Manipulated 

You  can  raise  or  lower  the  object  any  distance  —  the  thickness  of  a  sheet  of  paper  if 
necessarv-and  know  that  it  will  not  slip  or  give.  Wet,  greasy  rope  makes  no  difference 
with  the  Burr  Block. 

You  can  buy  the  smallest  size  Burr  Block  (600  pounds  capacity)  for  75  cents,  lhe 
largest  size  (capacity  6,000  pounds)  costs  but  S4.46.  There  is  no  other  apparatus  that 
you  can  buy  for  the  farm  that  will  give  you  such  abigreturn  on  the  money  invested. 
Think  of  the  time  and  lal>or  you  can  save  with  a  Burr  Block  Ask :  us  to  send  you 
full  information  an  to  prices,  sizes  and  capacity.  We  will  bepleasud  to  tell .  ouwneio 
you  can  buy  Burr  Blooks.  A.  postal  will  bring  the  information.  Write  today. 

BURR  MFG.  CO..  136  Viaduct.  CLEVELAND,  OHIO 


Heavy  Fence 

For  Economy 

W OVEN-WIRE  FENCES  must  be  heavy  as 
they  have  to  turn  animals  by  sheer  strength 
of  the  wire.  A  fence  with  barbs  is  protected 
from  excessive  pressure  because  the  animal  fears  the 
barbs.  Remove  the- barbs  and  the  greatest  strength 
of  the  animal  is  thrown  upon  the  fence.  Its  wires 
must  be  larger  and  stronger.  To  have  a  long-life 
woven-wire  fence  the  fence  must  be  heavy. 

AMERICAN 

FENCE 

is  a  thoroughly  galvanized  square  mesh  fence  of 
weight,  strength  and  durability.  Large  wires  are 
used  and  the  whole  fabric  is  woven  together  with 
the  American  hinged  joint  (patented) — the  most 
substantial  and  flexible  union  possible.  Both  wires 
are  positively  locked  and  firmly  held  against  sideslip 
and  yet  are  free  to  act  like  a  hinge  in  yielding  to 
pressure,  returning  quickly  to  place  without  bending 
or  injuring  the  metal. 

Dealers  Everywhere— aJ^carriid^eveTypiacI 

where  farm  supplies  are  sold.  The  Fence  is  shipped  to  these 
points  in  carload  lots,  thereby  securing  the  cheapest  transpor¬ 
tation,  and  the  saving  in  freight  thus  made  enables  it  to  be  sold 
at  the  lowest  prices.  Look  for  the  American  Fence  dealer  and 
get  the  substantial  advantages  he  is  enabled  to  offer.  He  is 
there  to  serve  the  purchaser  in  person,  offer  the  variety  of 
selection  and  save  the  buyer  money  in  many  ways. 


FRANK  BAACKES,  Vice  President  and  General  Sales  Agent 

American  Steel  &  Wire  Company 

Chicago  New  York  Denver  San  Francisco 


Send  for  copy  of  “ American  Fence  News"  profusely  illustrated ,  devoted  to  the  interests 
o*  farmers  and  showing  how  fence  may  be  employed  to  enhance  lhe  earning  power  of  a  farm. 
Furnished  free  upon  application. 


lull. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


39 


Ruralisms 


NOTES  ON  BLACKBERRIES. 

Among  small  fruits  none  has  shown 
more  reason  for  promotion  than  the 
blackberry.  It  has  won  this  entirely  on 
its  intrinsic  merits  as  a  moneymaker.  At 
present  I  regard  the  blackberry  as  the 
most  profitable  of  all  the  small  fruits 
with  the  single  exception  of  the  straw¬ 
berry,  and,  given  ordinary  conditions  of 
culture,  I  should  not  feel  disposed  to 
except  even  the  queen  of  berries.  For 
this  advancement  the  rise  in  prices  is 
largely  responsible,  for,  while  the  straw¬ 
berry,  like  everything  else,  is  affected 
to  the  sellers  advantage,  the  glutting 
of  the  markets  in  good  crop  years  bears 
down  the  market  regardless  of  relative 
values,  and  there  is  nearly  always  a 
short  period  when  the  box  of  strawber¬ 
ries  sells  for  little  above  the  cost  of  pro¬ 
duction.  Not  so  with  the  blackberry,  at 
least  on  our  local  market.  Its  cultivation 
for  market  is  not  so  extensive  and  it 
yields  its  crop  evenly  from  first  to  last. 
Its  period  of  ripening  from  the  time  the 
berry  turns  red  is  longer  than  that  of  the 
strawberry  and  it  can  be  left  longer  on 
the  vine  without  injury.  There  is  an 
interval  of  several  days  from  the  time  it 
turns  black  and  the  time  it  becomes  dead 
ripe,  and  all  this  time  it  is  salable.  Then 
again  its  culture  is  far  less  exacting,  from 
planting  to  picking  the  fruit.  No  ex¬ 
perts  are  required  at  any  stage  of  the 
work  in  dealing  with  the  blackberry, 
which  has  its  long  strong  canes  armed 
with  formidable  thorns  to  defend  it.  I 
have  often  been  devoutly  thankful  for  its 
hardiness,  for  by  the  time  the  strawberry 
season  here  is  over,  the  women  and  girls 
who  are  the  only  reliable  pickers,  are 
worn  out  and  want  a  rest.  We  may  keep 
them  with  success  throughout  the  best  of 
the  raspberries,  but  when  they  are  asked 
to  harvest  the  blackberries  with  the  sun 
now  exceedingly  hot,  plenty  of  sharp 
thorns  to  reach  after  calico,  and,  last 
but  not  least,  myriads  of  pestiferous 
“chiggers”  awaiting  an  opportunity  to 
make  their  days  and  nights  wretched, 
they  usually  suggest  that  they  are  in  need 
of  rest  as  well  as  those  new  garments 
that  they  were  earning  money  to  buy. 
So  we  bid  farewell  to  the  female  pickers 
and  for  the  first  time  present  a  smiling 
front  to  the  boys  of  all  sizes,  ages  and 
degrees  of  respectability.  For  once  you 
are  ready  to  welcome  the  “one-gallus” 
urchin  who  has  been  annoying  you  for  a 
job  for  weeks  past.  These  boys  do 
fairly  well  if  there  is  some  one  present 
to  prevent  playing  and  keep  them  to  the 
proper  rows.  Sometimes  we  fit  them  out 
with  tin  buckets  suspended  around  their 
necks  so  they  can  use  both  hands  and 
pick  faster.  With  hand  crates  and  boxes 
they  lose  time  in  stooping  with  each 
handful.  On  the  local  market  bucket 
picking  is  admissible,  for  the  berries  are 
generally  used  at  once,  and  some  bruis¬ 
ing  doesn’t  matter. 

Last  season’s  prices  opened  up  at  15 
cents  a  box  or  two  boxes  for  a  quarter 
for  Early  Harvest,  and  after  receding  to 
10  cents  remained  there  to  the  end  of  the 
crop.  Crates  of  twenty-four  boxes  were 
sold  down  to  $2,  while  in  former  years 
I  have  known  them  to  go  to  $1.  At  such 
prices  as  these  I  count  the  blackberry 
decidedly  profitable,  and  considering  all 
things,  it  would  be  my  choice  of  small 
fruits  for  market.  In  varieties  the  old 
stand-bys  in  the  Central  West  have  been 
the  Early  Harvest,  Snyder  for  main  crop, 
with  some  Taylor’s  Prolific  for  late. 
This  was  a  wise  choice  and  holds  good 
even  to-day,  with  the  exception  of  the 
Snyder,  which  has  lost  some  of  its  pre¬ 
cedence  to  newer  varieties.  The  black¬ 
berry  world  is  still,  however,  in  a  state 
of  confusion  and  transition  over  varie¬ 
ties,  because  of  the  rust,  a  disease  anal¬ 
ogous  in  its  fatality  and  resistance  to 
plant  therapeutics  to  the  pear  blight. 
This  condition  results  from  the  fact 
that  while  these  newer  candidates  sur¬ 
pass  the  Snyder  in  vigor  of  growth  and 
size  of  berry,  they  fail  to  equal  it  in  its 
rust-resisting  properties  and  occasionally 
in  hardiness. 

The  old  Kittatinny  proved  so  suscep¬ 
tible  to  rust  that  it  is  now  generally 
discarded  all  over  the  country,  but  apart 
from  that,  it  combined  more  fine  qualities 
than  any  other.  The  first  modern  in¬ 
introduction  of  note  was  the  Mersereau. 
This  variety  really  deserved  all  the  flat¬ 
tering  things  said  of  it.  It  possesses  all 
the  excellences  of  the  Kittatinny,  vig¬ 
orous  growth,  great  productiveness, 
adaptability  to  soil  and  climate,  and  a 
berry  of  the  largest  size  that  excels  even 
that  of  the  Kittatinny  or  of  any  other 
main  crop  sort  in  quality.  But,  alas,  a 
trial  of  this  paragon  demonstrated  that 
it  fell  an  easy  victim  to  the  ,rnst,  not 
quite  to  such  hopeless  degree  as  the  Kit¬ 
tatinny,  but  bad  enough  to  condemn  it 
with  many  fruit  growers.  This  is  a 
great  pity,  for  it  seemed  impossible  to 
improve  upon  when  at  its  best.  The 


Eldorado  was  another  candiate  for  the 
Snyder’s  place,  coming,  I  believe,  from 
Ohio,  but  it  has  apparently  failed  to 
“make  good”  throughout  the  Central 
States.  It  is  fairly  immune  to  rust,  but 
lacks  productiveness  and  is  also  deficient 
in  growth  as  tested  here.  The  high  flavor, 
also,  with  which  it  came  heralded,  did  not 
make  itself  manifest  here.  From  reports 
its  seems  to  do  better  in  the  Northern 
States.  The  Wilson  and  Rathbun  va¬ 
rieties, which  are  indistinguishable  here, 
appear  to  lack  something  in  their  environ¬ 
ment  fatal  to  their  perfection.  They  send 
up  new  canes  with  great  luxuriousness, 
but  during  the  Winter  they  regularly  die 
back  to  the  extent  of  one-half  to  two- 
thirds  of  their  bearing  canes,  and  often 
even  more.  Added  to  this  defect  is  the 
failure  of  their  blossoms  to  become  fully 
pollinated,  with  the  result  that  many  ber¬ 
ries  are  imperfect  and  worthless.  Other¬ 
wise  their  berries  are  of  the  largest  size, 
but  inclined  to  be  too  hard  and  sour.  I 
think  it  will  not  be  long  until  they  are 
entirely  discarded. 

The  Blowers  is  still  listed  with  such 
flattering  commendations  that  it  would 
seem  to  be  the  long-sought  ideal  of  the 
blackberry  kingdom,  but  a  test  here  failed 
to  reveal  its  many  virtues.  Like  the  Rath- 
bun,  it  partakes  of  the  dewberry  char¬ 
acter  the  first  Summer  in  its  running 
habits,  but  afterwards  sends  up  strong 
canes.  Its  berries  set  in  round  clusters, 
and  the  center  one  would  ripen  while  the 
others  were  still  green.  This  king  berry 
was  of  good  size,  but  the  others  did  not 
grow  to  its  standard.  Its  uneven  ripen¬ 
ing  and  commonplace  berries  condemned 
it  here.  The  Ward  is  another  candidate 
from  New  Jersey,  about  which  I  am  glad 
to  be  able  to  say  better  things.  The 
original  plants  which  I  purchased,  to¬ 
gether  with  their  numerous  sprouts,  have 
never  been  attacked  by  the  rust,  although 
fully  exposed  to  it  at  a  short  distance. 
It  is  hardy  and  productive,  and  of  fairly 
vigorous  growth.  Its  berries  are  long, 
but  fall  short  of  the  Mersereau  in  size. 
Their  flavor  is  good.  Here  then  we  seem 
to  have  a  very  good  sort  that  might  be 
substituted  for  the  Snyder  as  a  commer¬ 
cial  variety,  but  still  I  should  not  be  will¬ 
ing  to  recommend  it  unqualifiedly  for 
large  plantings  on  the  strength  of  this 
test  alone.  All  in  all,  however,  just  now 
it  is  the  most  promising  of  the  late  intro¬ 
ductions.  L.  R.  JOHNSON. 

Cape  Girardeau  Co,.  Mo. 


Mulched  Peaches. — I  wish  you  could 
have  seen  my  grass-mulched  orchard  of 
100  Carman  peach  trees.  In  1909  when 
three  years  old  we  picked  200  baskets ; 
1910  at  four  years  old  a  little  more  than 
300  baskets.  At  present  time  more  orders 
are  being  booked  for  apple  and  peach  trees 
than  ever  before.  o.  w.  p. 

Wilton,  N.  H. 


We  Want 
Every  Farmer 
Who  Raises  Hay 

To  send  us  his  name  so  we  can  mail  him 
our  Free  Booklet  on  “GEARLESS” 
HAY  LOADERS.  It  is  full  of  Hay 
Loader  facts  that  will  prove  interesting  read¬ 
ing,  and  gives  many  reasons  why  more 
“GEARLESS”  Hay  Loaders  were  sold 
last  year  than  any  other  make. 

The  “GEARLESS”  hasn’t  one  of  the 
many  troublesome  features  that  are  to  be 
found  on  cylinder  and  other  rake-bar  loaders. 

It  is  the  one  loader  that  is  “on  the  job” 
every  hour  during  the  haying  season — no 
broken  gears,  no  broken  sprockets,  no 
broken  chains  or  springs,  because  it  hasn’t 
any  of  these  troublesome  parts. 

Write  us  today  for  the  ‘‘GEARLESS” 
Booklet.  A  postal  will  do. 

LA  CROSSE  HAY  TOOL  CO. 

35TH  STREET  CHICAGO  HEIGHTS,  ILL. 


“KANT-KLOG”^  s\\'  Spraying 
SPRAYERS  Ay-la  Guide  Free 

Something  New 

Gets  twice  tlie  results— V 
with  same  laborand  fluid, 

Flat  or  round,  fine  or  coarse  sprays  \\ 

from  same  nozzle.  Ten  styles.  For  aSt, 

trees,  potatoes,  gardens,  whitewashing, 
etc.  Agents  Wanted,  Booklet  Free.  V  j 

Rochester  Spray  Pump  Co.  nSZ!™?. 


Fruit  Growers ! 

Bowker’s 


Lime-Sulphur 

A  .  ... 

is  absolutely 
pure 

No  salt  or  caustic  being  added,  every 
drop  is  effective  against  the  San  Jose 
and  other  scales,  destroying  mosses, 
fungi,  etc.,  and  thoroughly  cleaning  up 
the  trees  without  injury. 

Write  for  special  prices ,  stating  number 
of  trees  to  be  sprayed. 


INSECTICIDE  COMPANY, 

JjV-J  W  ^LiiV  43  Chatham  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Manufacturers  of  Arsenate  of  Lead;  also  Bowker’s 
“PYROX”  the  one  Best  All  Around  Spring- and 
Summer  Spray  for  fruits  and  vegetables. 

.  . . . . . — / 


Kill  the  Bugs  and 
Save  the  Crops  with 

ELECTRO  Arsenate  of  Lead 

(in  Powdered  Form) 

The  most  effective  and  economical  insecticide  for  all  leaf-eating  insects.  Electro  is 
the  only  successful  powdered  arsenate  of  lead,  because  it  is  the  only  one  in  an  amorphous 
(non-crystalline)  form.  The  only  one  that  mixes  instantly  with  water  in  such  a  finely 
divided  state  that  every  drop  of  spray  contains  the  right  amount  of  arsenic.  It  cannot 
be  washed  off  by  rain  and  will  not  injure  the  newest,  tenderest  foliage. 

>  We  guarantee  it  to  contain  30%  arsenic  oxide — 50%  more  than  other  brands — as 
proved  by  Conn,  and  N.  J.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  tests.  Write  us  for  them. 
Save  Freight  on  Water  —  there  is  40  to  60%  in  all  pastes.  Put  in  the  water  at  home. 

We  have  the  best  Paste  on  the  market  and  will  prove  it  if  you  prefer 
Arsenate  of  Lead  in  this  form. 

II  your  dealer  cannot  supply,  write  us  for  prices  and  statements  from 
successful  growers  in  your  section. 

THE  VREELAND  CHEMICAL  CO. 
32  Church  Street,  New  York 


PRATT’S 


SCALLCIDE 


Will  positively  destroy  SAX  JOSE  SCALE  and  all 
soft  bodied  sucking  insects  without  injury  to  the 
tree.  Simple,  more  effective  and  cheaper  than 
Lime  Sulphur.  Not  an  experiment.  One  gallon 
makes  111  to  ‘JO  Ballons  spray  by  sininly  adding  water. 

Send  for  Booklet,  "Orchard  Insurance.” 

B.  G.  PRATT  CO.,  50  CHURCH  ST.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


r*  nr%  A  V/-  complying  with  the  insecticide  act  of  1910 

brKAY  IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  USE  EITHER 

7^*^.  -  j, 

PASTE  OR  POWDERED 
FOR  ALL  LEAF  EATING  INSECTS 
RESPONSIBLE  DISTRIBUTERS  and  AGENTS  WANTED 

KEY  BRAND 

RIGHT  PRICE  and  MATERIAL 


FUNGICIDE  and  INSECTICIDE 
USE 


I 


INTERSTATE  CHEMICAL  CO. 

It  BAYVIEW  AV E..JERSEY  CITY.  N.U. 

WRITE  FOR  PRICES, CIRCULARS  ETC.  CORRESPONDENCE  SOLICITED. 


GET  THE  BEST 

A  Good  Spray  Pump  earns 
big  profits  and  lasts  for  years. 

THE  ECLIPSE 

is  a  good  pump.  As 
1  practical  fruit  grow- 
i  ers  we  were  using  common 
:  sprayers  in  our  own  orchards 
j  — found  their  defects  and 
j  invented  the  Eclipse.  Its 
I  success  forced  us  to  manu- 
\  ~  facturing  on  a  large  scaie. 

You  take  no  chances.  We 
’---.Tr.'SEvS-p'”  have  done  all  the  experi¬ 
menting.  Large  fully  illustrated  Catalog 
and  Treatise  on  spraying  FREE. 

MORRILL  &  MORLEY.  Benton  Harbor,  Mich. 


ForBest  EXTENSION  LADDER  at  ^M,ces 

JOHN  J.  l'OTTKK.H  Mill  St..  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


“ONE  FOR  ALL”  No.  1 

Wool  Grease,  Arsenate  of  Lead,  Lime  and 

Sulphur.  Both  a  Contact  and  Poison 
Spray.  An  Insecticide  and  Fungicide. 

Positively  the  Only  Thing  Needed  for  all  Pests  or  Fungus 

A  tonic  for  vegetation.  Sick  trees  made  well; 
old  trees  rejuvenated  to  youthful  vigor;  better 
foliage;  larger  and  more  abundant  fruit.  Neither 
sucking  or  chewing  insects  nor  fungus  will  attack 
wood  that  has  “One  For  All”  upon  it.  After  one 
fall  spraying  no  dormant  spraying  will  be  needed. 
Spraying  confined  to  the  growing  season.  Scale 
exterminated.  Positive  evidence  from  practical 
growers  furnished  upon  application. 

Prices,  F.  O.  B.  New  York 

Barrels,  425  lbs . 05c.  per  lb 

y2  Bbls.,  200  lbs . 05^  “ 

100  lbs . 06 

50  lbs . 06^  “ 

25  lbs . 08 

MANHATTAN  OIL  COMPANY 


Established  1852 

Front  Street  New  Yorjj 


1911  DEYO  POWER  SPRAYERS 


IO  Years  of  Success 


FRIEND  FRUIT  GROWER :  Uncle  Sam  says 
you  must  spray.  Users  of  the  Deyo  are  relieved 
from  experimenting.  After  ten  years  of  service  the 
Deyo  is  still  giving  perfect  satisfaction.  Onr  cus¬ 
tomers  are  our  reference,  ask  the  user.  We  sell 
direct  to  you.  Deyo  pays  all  freights  to  Missis¬ 
sippi  River  shipping  points.  Write  tor  catalogue  19. 

DEYO-MACEY  ENGINE  CO.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


40 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER. 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes. 

Established  1850. 

Pnbllihed  weekly  by  the  Rnral  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  Street,  Sew  York* 

Herbert  W.  Collingwood,  President  and  Editor, 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Hoyle,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR. 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  $2.04,  equal  to 
88.  6d.,  or  8*2  marks,  or  10*2  francs.  Remit  in  money  order, 
express  order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 


Advertising  rates  f>0  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  tim< 
orders.  References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to 
us;  and  cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

"A  SQUARE  DEAL.” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a 
responsible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  wo  will  make  good  any 
loss  to  paid  subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler 
advertising  in  our  columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  ex¬ 
posed.  We  protect  subcribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee 
to  adjust  trifling  differences  between  subscribers  and  honest,  respon¬ 
sible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be  responsible  for  the  debts  of 
honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts.  Notice  of  the  complaint 
must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of  the  transaction, 
and  you  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker  when 
writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 

10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

Our  recent  remarks  on  “guff”  seem  to  have  stirred 
up  a  few  hot-air  artists  to  extra  exertion.  Guff  and 
bluff  may  both  be  ranked  as  stuff.  There  was  a  time 
when  the  public  thought  they  were  solid,  but  people 
know  better  now,  and  wise  men  will  work  away 
from  them. 

* 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  New  York  State  Agri¬ 
cultural  Society  will  be  held  at  Albany  January  17-19. 
The  development  of  agricultural  resources  and  the 
relation  between  this  problem  and  the  cost  of  living 
will  be  the  chief  topics  for  discussion.  A  strong  pro¬ 
gramme  has  been  prepared  and  many  noted  speakers, 
including  the  governors  of  two  States,  are  expected 
to  be  present.  We  would  like  to  see  a  large  number 
of  practical  farmers  at  this  meeting  and  have  them 
go  there  prepared  to  take  a  hand  in  the  discussion. 
While  many  of  the  topics  suggested  may  reasonably 
be  analyzed  by  thinkers  and  professional  men,  the 
final  word  should  be  spoken  by  actual  farmers.  We 
hope  therefore  that  many  of  them  will  come  to  this 

meeting  prepared  to  express  their  views. 

♦ 

You  remember  that  the  Bellows  milk  case  is  be¬ 
ing  fought  out  to  determine  the  right  of  the  New 
York  Board  of  Health  to  take  arbitrary  ground  in 
inspecting  or  rejecting  market  milk.  In  Buffalo  the 
Health  Commissioner  asked  the  corporation  counsel 

11  he  had  the  legal  power  to  inspect  and  supervise 
dairies  outside  the  city  limits.  Judge  Hammond  is 
quoted  as  giving  the  following  opinion : 

A  valid  ordinance  cannot  be  enacted  which  would  em¬ 
power  the  health  commissioner  to  supervise  dairy  farms 
outside  the  limits  of  the  city,  and  the  same,  if  enacted 
by  the  common  council,  would,  in  my  judgment,  be  in¬ 
valid.  It  is  not  within  the  power  of  the  municipal  au¬ 
thorities  to  send  inspectors  to  supervise  those  dairies,  for 
that  would  be  usurpation  of  the  authority  of  the  Com¬ 
missioner  of  Agriculture  and  the  State  Board  of  Health. 

At  the  Bellow’s  trial  it  was  claimed  that  the  New 
York  City  charter  was  peculiar,  and  gave  the  city 

authorities  special  powers  and  privileges. 

♦ 

In  his  first  message  to  the  Legislature  Gov.  John  A. 
Dix  of  New  York  advocates  three  things  which  The 
R.  N.-Y.  has  hammered  for  years.  Primary  nomina¬ 
tions  !  Gov.  Dix  stands  squarely  for  it  and  calls  for 
honest  primary  legislation.  Parcels  post !  The  Gov¬ 
ernor  recommends  that  the  New  York  Legislature  pass 
a  resolution  calling  upon  Congress  to  start  parcels  post 
at  once !  The  consumer’s  dollar !  He  says  we  should 
make  a  systematic  effort  “to  improve  trade  conditions 
in  farm  products  to  benefit  both  consumer  and  pro¬ 
ducer.”  That  means  cut  down  the  consumer’s  dollar 
and  still  give  much  to  the  producer.  Gov.  Dix  is  in 
favor  of  abolishing  the  State  Fair  Commission — cutting 
out  five  commissioners  who  draw  large  salaries.  We 
have  never  been  able  to  understand  why  Gov.  Hughes 
ever  permitted  this  commission  to  start  or  why  he 
favored  the  legislation  last  Winter  which  permitted 
these  commissioners  to  make  themselves,  as  they 
thought,  secure  in  their  jobs.  The  agriculture  of  New 
York  can  get  along  without  them. 

* 

One  strong  argument  in  favor  of  buying  a  farm  in 
the  Eastern  States  is  the  fact  that  the  best  markets 
in  the  country  are  to  be  fond  within  reach  of  these 
farms.  The  last  census  report  makes  this  argument 
stronger.  Let  us  take  that  part  of  the  country  east 
of  the  lakes  and  the  Ohio  River.  This  section  em¬ 
braces  about  eight  per  cent,  of  the  territory  of  the 
United  States.  It  contains  two  of  the  largest  cities 
in  the  world  and  eight  cities  with  over  250,000  popu¬ 


<THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 

lation,  and  in  easy  reach  of  two  more.  Of  50  Amer¬ 
ican  cities  with  100,000  or  more  people  this  compara¬ 
tively  small  section  contains  21 — with  eight  of  these 
in  New  England.  There  are  178  cities  in  the  country 
with  25,000  to  100,000  population.  Of  these  83  are 
east  of  the  Ohio,  with  32  of  them  in  New  England. 
No  other  section  is  so  thickly  spotted  with  good 
markets,  and  nowhere  else  is  farm  land  to  be  obtained 
at  a  better  bargain.  The  census  shows  that  these 
eastern  cities  make  a  large  gain  in  population.  Their 
prosperity  is  assured,  and  with  each  year  the  army 
of  spenders  will  increase  and  the  demand  for  the 
finer  forms  of  food  will  grow.  The  farmer  close  to 
these  great  markets  has  opportunities  which  are  de¬ 
nied  those  who  must  ship  their  goods  long  distances 
to  the  final  cpnsumer.  All  these  things  justify  the 
assertion  that  the  Eastern  States  still  offer  as  fine 
agricultural  opportunity  as  any  other  part  of  the 
country. 

* 

Rhode  Island  has  now  the  strongest  fertilizer  law 
in  the  country.  Most  of  the  States  exempt  from  in¬ 
spection  fertilizer  selling  for  less  than  $10  per  ton. 
This  exemption  has  let  in  a  lot  of  stuff  and  poor  lime. 
Rhode  Island  compels  the  sampling  and  analysis  of 
everything  “excepting  the  dung  of  poultry  and  domes¬ 
tic  animals  in  its  usual  condition.”  In  addition  to 
giving  the  amounts  of  nitrogen,  phosphoric  acid  and 
potash  claimed,  the  manufacturer  must  state  his 
guarantee  of  lime  and  magnesia.  For  example,  wood 
ashes  have  been  sold  on  a  guarantee  of  potash  and 
phosphoric  acid.  Now  the  guarantee  must  include 
lime,  and  all  samples  of  lime  must  also  be  guaran¬ 
teed  and  analyzed.  This  is  an  excellent  plan  and  it 
should  be  followed  in  all  the  States.  Immense  quan¬ 
tities  of  lime  are  being  sold,  and  as  the  price  is  usu¬ 
ally  below  $10  a  ton  there  is,  in  most  States,  no  re¬ 
straint  and  no  protection  for  farmers.  This  will  open 
a  chance  for  great  frauds  especially  in  the  sale  of 
ground  limestone.  We  would  compel  the  dealers  to 
guarantee  a  certain  per  cent,  of  lime  in  every  sale. 
It  is  the  only  safe  way  to  buy. 

* 

I  wish  to  say  that  the  Apple  Consumers’  League  is  in 
danger  of  becoming  extinct  in  Michigan.  Groceries  adver¬ 
tise  apples  at  $1  per  bite,  three  bites  for  $2.50.  It  is  a 
serious  situation  for  the  League.  c.  D.  r. 

As  the  original  member  of  the  Apple  Consumers’ 
League  we  have  had  occasion  to  study  the  history 
of  many  great  movements  for  uplifting  the  race.  They 
all  come  to  a  crisis  when  only  the  fittest  survive  to 
carry  on  the  work.  The  weaklings  drop  out  at  some 
supreme  test,  and  the  strong  who  remain  are  made 
stronger.  The  League  has  evidently  come  to  one  of 
these  great  tests  with  apples  at  “one  dollar  a  bite.” 
The  heroes  will  give  up  some  other  pleasures  and  still 
put  the  price  into  apples — taking  as  large  bites  as 
possible.  Seriously,  this  scheme  of  “talking  apple” 
and  making  apple  eating  popular  has  done  more  than 
anything  else  to  make  the  present  great  demand  for 
fruit.  There  are  still  many  fine  apples  which  net 
the  grower  little  or  nothing,  while  consumers  are 
held  up  by  awful  prices.  That  is  one  reason  why  we 
advocate  parcels  post.  This  would  encourage  direct 
dealing  between  consumer  and  producer.  Such  busi¬ 
ness  would  not  all  be  done  by  mail,  but  the  competi¬ 
tion  of  parcels  post  would  improve  and  cheapen  all 
other  forms  of  transportation. 

* 

“ Mature  deliberation  and  careful  consideration.” 

We  have  become  convinced  that  some  Congressmen 
have  these  phrases  so  securely  fixed  in  their  systems 
that  they  cannot  get  them  out.  Congressmen  Hig¬ 
gins  of  Connecticut  is  one  of  those  unfortunates.  He 
could  not  come  nearer  parcels  post  than  “careful  con¬ 
sideration”  and  as  a  result  his  majority  of  several 
thousand  shrunk  last  Fall  to  78.  A  man  in  his  dis¬ 
trict  recently  wrote  asking  how  Mr.  Higgins  stood 
orl  parcels  post,  and  particularly  begged  him  not  to 
say  “careful  consideration,”  as  he  had  heard  that  often 
enough.  Mr.  Higgins  evidently  tried  hard,  but  habit 
was  too  strong,  and  in  his  reply  he  worked  in  both 
“careful  consideration”  and  “mature  deliberation.”  He 
simply  could  not  help  it ;  like  so  many  more  of  these 
Congressmen  he  cannot  work  these  words  out  of  his 
system,  and  that  fact  will  work  him  out  of  the  polit¬ 
ical  system  of  this  nation.  One  of  the  best  letters 
we  have  read  is  sent  by  State  Senator  J.  J.  Brookes 
of  Tennessee  to  the  candidates  for  United  States 
Senator.  Among  other  good  things  Mr.  Brookes 
says : 

No  demagogical  side-stepping  will  answer.  To  say, 
“These  questions  shall  receive  my  most  careful  considera¬ 
tion,  bestowing  upon  them  the  best  thought  of  which  I 
am  capable,  with  an  eye  single  to  safeguarding  the  public 
and  promoting  the  general  welfare  of  my  country,”  is 
to  give  forth  pure  buncombe  and  show  evidence  of 
moral  cowardice.  Nothing  short  of  a  definite,  bold  state¬ 
ment  will  suffice.” 

Let  us  class  “careful  consideration”  as  “guff.” 


January  14, 

I  have  always  been  interested  in  everything  you  have 
said  about  parcels  post,  and  about  a  week  ago  I  read  a 
particularly  raw  lot  of  “guff”  in  the  Erie  (Pa.)  Daily 
Dispatch  signed  by  “A.”  I  could  not  resist,  and  so  fired 
back  at  him  what  the  Dispatch  printed  to-day  and  which 
I  enclose.  Keep  up  the  fight;  all  but  the  fools  are  with 
you,  and  most  of  them  will  get  wise  in  time. 

Pennsylvania.  a.  i.  loop. 

Mr.  Loop  wrote  one  of  the  most  sensible  articles 
on  parcels  post  that  we  have  read  in  a  long  time.  We 
make  mention  of  this  to  point  out  what  men  can  do 
with  a  sharp  pen  if  they  only  try.  The  local  papers 
often  carry  considerable  influence  in  a  community. 
Many  of  them  are  inclined  to  be  dominated  by  the 
advertisers,  simply  because  the  subscribers  do  not 
assert  themselves.  The  subscribers  represent  the  back¬ 
bone  of  any  newspaper  enterprise,  and  when  they 
come  forward  as  Mr.  Loop  did,  and  put  their  views 
right  up  in  forcible  English,  they  can  do  a  world 
of  good.  That  is  one  of  the  best  ways  to  spread  the 
gospel  of  reform,  for  these  local  papers  go  right  into 
the  homes  of  the  people  and  are  welcome  there.  Take 
up  the  pen ! 

♦ 

The  farmers  of  Western  Canada  among  other  de¬ 
mands  call  for  a  railroad  from  Winnipeg  to  Hudson 
Bay,  a  harbor  on  that  body  of  water  and  public  ele¬ 
vators  at  this  harbor.  They  demand  that  the  rail¬ 
road,  harbor  and  elevators  shall  be  public  property, 
constructed  and  operated  by  the  government.  The 
money  required  for  these  great  enterprises  is  already 
available.  It  was  raised  from  sales  and  taxes  of 
farm  lands  and  these  farmers  rightly  claim  that  this 
farm  land  revenue  should  be  spent  so  as  to  benefit 
farmers  for  all  time.  The  government  will  no  doubt 
build  the  railroad,  and  its  building  will  have  a 
marked  effect  upon  the  future  history  of  this  conti¬ 
nent.  A  large  share  of  Canadian  wheat  and  a  good 
supply  of  meat  and  wool  will  be  sent  north  through 
Hudson  Bay  rather  than  east  through  Montreal  or 
New  York.  With  free  trade  between  Canada  and  this 
country  a  good  share  of  the  produce  of  our  own 
Western  farms  will  also  be  exported  over  the  north¬ 
ern  route.  There  would  also  be  a  larger  exchange 
of  farm  products  between  the  two  countries.  Our 
people  will  soon  need  Canadian  wheat  in  order  to 
obtain  bread  at  a  fair  price,  while  the  Canadians 
need  and  will  take  great  quantities  of  our  apples  and 
other  fruits.  Western  Canada  is  sure  to  dominate 
the  Dominion,  and  a  large  proportion  of  the  Western 
Canadians  are  men  and  women  who  have  moved  from 
this  side  of  the  line. 

* 

It  is  reported  that  rich  deposits  of  potash  have 
been  found  in  Canada,  and  that  owners  of  potash 
mines  in  Germany  have  secured  control.  This  report 
is  denied,  but  we  think  there  is  some  basis  for  truth 
in  it.  We  have  long  believed  that  some  day  potash 
deposits  worth  working  will  be  discovered  on  this 
continent.  It  is  also  possible  that  methods  will  be 
discovered  for  making  the  potash  in  various  forms 
of  granite  rock  available.  We  have  recently  been 
informed  by  experts  that  the  government  could  cer¬ 
tainly  discover  means  for  doing  this  if  it  would  pro¬ 
vide  the  money  for  expensive  experiments.  All  these 
things  are  now  coming  to  a  head  in  connection  with 
the  controversy  over  the  contracts  and  prices  for 
German  potash.  The  question  has  become  compli¬ 
cated  with  other  matters,  and  may  lead  to  a  tariff  war 
with  Germany.  The  State  Department  has  promised 
tc  give  us  the  exact  facts  soon.  Thus  far  the  state¬ 
ments  which  have  appeared  in  the  papers  appear  to 
have  been  dictated  by  one  extreme  position  or  the 
other.  Aside  from  any  other  consideration,  we  think 
the  Germans  show  a  short-sighted  policy  in  holding 
up  the  price  of  potash.  They  will,  by  doing  so,  drive 
the  American  people  into  demanding  a  more  thorough 
search  for  potash  deposits,  or  for  methods  of  ex¬ 
tracting  potash  from  rock.  Under  such  pressure  we 
believe  that  increased  supplies  of  American  potash 
will  be  found. 


BREVITIES. 

Take  our  advice  and  use  some  Alsike  clover  seed  with 
the  Red. 

Take  things  when  they  are  ripe  or  they  will  go  to  rot. 
That's  true  of  parcels  post. 

Kansas  fruit  growers  report  a  scourge  of  rabbits  which 
are  gnawing  young  fruit  trees. 

The  chances  are  more  than  even  that  your  older  horses 
have  trouble  with  their  teeth  and  cannot  chew  properly. 

The  Republic  of  Cuba  will  pay  $30,000  to  the  person 
who  discovers  the  origin  of  a  disease  of  cocoanuts,  and  a 
remedy  or  cure. 

And  now  the  cocoanut  crop  in  Samoa  is  in  danger  from 
a  beetle.  The  entire  life  habits  of  the  insect  must  be 
studied  before  a  remedy  is  found. 

The  latest  suggestion  for  holding  or  preventing  forest 
fires  from  spreading  is  to  plant  hedges  of  cactus  or  Mex¬ 
ican  agave  when  these  juicy  plants  will  grow. 

Last  year  for  the  first  time  in  German  history  the 
German  people  consumed  more  alcohol  for  industrial  than 
for  drinking  purposes.  There  was  even  a  boycott  against 
the  German  schnapps. 


THK  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


41 


1911 

OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

•‘The  president  of  the  Lewis  Pub¬ 
lishing  Company  has  promoted  or 
exploited,  through  the  medium  of 
‘The  Woman’s  Magazine’  and  ‘The 
Woman’s  Farm  Journal,’  more  than 
one  dozen  of  his  private  enterprises, 
one  of  which  was  the  ‘People’s  Uni¬ 
ted  States  Bank,’  against  which  a 
fraud  order  was  issued  by  the  Post¬ 
master  General  on  July  6,  1905,  for 
the  reason  that  sales  of  its  stock  had 
been  made  and  deposits  induced  up¬ 
on  false  representations  and  promises, 
and  that  the  funds  of  the  Institution 
were  being  misapplied.” 

We  have  felt  a  sense  of  delicacy  about 
reporting  a  court  proceeding  in  St. 
Louis  last  month,  which  grew  out  of 
the  publication  of  the  above  paragraph, 
in  a  Postal  Department  pamphlet.  The 
members  of  the  American  Woman's 
League  and  others  who  have  contrib¬ 
uted  to  the  fancy  financial  frolics  of  E. 
G.  Lewis  are,  of  course,  most  interested 
and  we  thought  the  “National  Daily” 
was  entitled  to  the  “beat”  in  publishing 
the  first  news  of  the  trial.  We  know 
Mr.  Lewis  has  a  most  exalted  appreci¬ 
ation  of  the  intelligence  of  womanhood 
— at  least  of  such  women  as  do  not  ask 
for  an  accounting  of  their  cash.  We 
know  he  likes  to  take  them  into  his  con¬ 
fidence — when  he  needs  money.  In 
times  past  we  have  felt  that  he  was  a 
bit  sensitive  because  we  had  been  the 
first  to  publish  accounts  of  suits  brought 
against  him  for  the  collection  of  notes, 
taxes,  premiums,  etc.  We  have  ob¬ 
served  that  he  always  gave  prompt  re¬ 
port  and  double  heads  to  the  account  of 
libel  suits  filed  by  Mr.  Lewis  against 
publishers  and  others.  Even  when  the 
courts  granted  him  through  technical 
legal  pleadings,  the  preference  of  loca¬ 
tion  for  hearing  his  suits,  he  always 
found  space  for  the  news.  Naturally 
we  expected  a  report  of  the  December 
trial  in  the  following  issue  of  the  “Na¬ 
tional  Daily.”  We  expected  Mr.  Lewis 
would  want  to  confide  his  woes  to  the 
“sweet  love”  of  “the  noble  unselfish  wo¬ 
men,”  who  are  sending  him  money,  and 
asking  no  questions.  But  his  forbear¬ 
ance  has  given  us  a  new  conception  of 
greatness.  We  have  all  read  and  re¬ 
read  his  admiration  of  the  courts  that 
failed  to  order  him  a  complimentary 
ticket  to  a  Federal  free  board  institu¬ 
tion  when  he  was  under  trial  on  an  in¬ 
dictment  of  fraud  in  the  use  of  the 
mails.  We  conclude  now  that  he  still 
retains  his  reverence  for  the  courts,  and 
that  he  is  accepting  the  new  verdict  in 
the  silence  of  chastened  humility. 

When  the  postmaster-general  issued 
an  order  denying  the  second-class  mail¬ 
ing  privileges  to  the  “Woman’s  Maga¬ 
zine,”  and  “Woman’s  Farm  Journal,” 
both  published  by  the  Lewis  Publishing 
Company,  Mr.  Lewis,  through  his  pub¬ 
lications  urged  readers  to  write  to  the 
President,  and  Postmaster-General  and 
members  of  Congress,  protesting  against 
the  action  of  the  department.  These 
protests  were  referred  to  the  Assistant 
Attorney-General  and  an  inspector  in 
charge.  These  officials  issued  a  brief 
statement  of  the  reasons  for  the  action 
taken  by  the  department.  The  state¬ 
ment  contained  the  paragraph  quoted 
above  and  because  of  its  publication 
Lewis  brought  an  action  against  the  of¬ 
ficials  in  the  name  of  the  People’s 
United  States  Bank,  charging  that  they 
had  libeled  the  bank  by  stating  “that 
the  funds  of  the  institution  were  being 
misapplied.” 

In  the  suit  last  month,  after  Lewis 
had  presented  his  evidence  the  judge 
dismissed  the  camplaint  on  the  ground 
that  sufficient  evidence  had  not  been  pro¬ 
duced  to  establish  a  cause  of  action.  On 
payment  of  the  necessary  fee,  Lewis  was 
allowed  a  non-suit  which  gives  him  the 
privilege  of  appeal  within  a  limited  time. 
To  give  credit  where  due,  we  think  Mr. 
Lewis  was  always  modest  about  the 
proceeds  of  this  suit.  He  has  never  as 
far  as  we  have  observed  included  the 
suit  in  any  of  his  tables  of  assets ;  nor 
sold  any  certificates  against  it,  which 
were  to  participate  in  the  profits.  We 
expect  that  Mr.  Lewis  will  now  explain 
to  “noble  and  liberated  womanhood” 
why  he  failed  to  report  the  last  suit. 
We  suggest  the  modesty  and  humility 
theory.  But  Mr.  Lewis  needs  no  ad¬ 
vice.  He  has  a  way  of  his  own  of 
making  explanations. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC.— W.  W.  Spencer  of  the  In¬ 
diana  Legislature  seeks  a  repeal  of  the  di- 
x-ect  primary  law,  claiming  that  results  in 
that  State  are  unsatisfactory. 

William  Ogilvie,  ex-Governor  of  the 
Yukon  Territory,  arrived  at  Ottawa,  Can¬ 
ada,  December  29,  with  an  elaborate  plan 
to  reclaim  3,000,000  acres  of  ‘‘muskeg” 
lands  in  the  Saskatchewan  River  territory, 
through  which  the  new  Hudson  Bay  Rail¬ 
way  will  be'  constructed.  He  will  present 
the  plan  to  the  Department  of  the  Interior 
and  it  will  be  taken  up  by  the  Laurier  Cab¬ 
inet  soon  after  the  reassembling  of  Parlia¬ 
ment.  These  lands  are  now  useless  and  un¬ 
productive,  but  if  drained,  it  is  said,  they 
would  produce  easily  from  thirty  to  forty 
bushels  of  wheat  to  the  acre,  and  their  set¬ 
tlement  and  cultivation  would  be  of  great 
assistance  to  the  Hudson  Bay  Railway, 
which  will  be  purely  a  grain  carrying  road. 
Mr.  Ogilvie  is  conlident  that  the  Govern¬ 
ment  will  adopt  the  plan. 

Fourteen  men  were  instantly  killed  and 
two  have  since  died  from  injuries  received 
through  the  explosion  of  a  tubular  boiler 
in  the  engine  house  of  the  Morewood  Lake 
Ice  Company,  the  largest  ice  plant  in  Berk¬ 
shire  County,  a  mile  and  a  half  southeast 
of  Pittslield,  Mass.,  December  29.  More 
than  35  men  were  hurt.  The  police  theory 
of  the  explosion  is  that  a  new  steam  gauge 
which  had  been  installed  recently  was 
choked  and  that  whereas  the  gauge  was 
set  for  40  pounds  the  boiler  may  have  been 
carrying  two  hundred  pounds  when  it  blew 
up.  The  property  loss  to  the  ice  company 
is  $5,000.  An  official  of  the  Morewood 
Lake  Ice  Company  said  that  only  two  of 
the  killed  and  injured  were  on  its  payroll. 
The  others  had  gathered  at  the  icehouse 
seeking  employment,  which  was  to  begin 
with  the  hoisting  of  ice.  No  man  lives  to 
tell  what  happened  inside  the  boiler  room. 
Survivors  outside  say  that  suddenly  they 
were  lifted  from  their  feet  and  hurled  into 
space.  The  building,  20x40  feet,  was  com¬ 
pletely  wrecked.  Two  side  walls,  the  roof 
and  the  boiler  and  engine  went  into  the  air. 
l’ieces  of  iron  were  hurled  200  feet. 

The  United  States  Government  is  not  yet 
through  with  the  sugar  trust.  Investiga¬ 
tions  at  New  Orleans  and  Snu  Francisco 
have  uncovered  trails  that  lead  officials  of 
the  customs  service  to  believe  that  it  is 
possible  for  the  Government  to  collect  large 
sums  from  the  trust.  The  investigation  at 
New  Orleans  goes  back  more  than  a  dozen 
years.  The  alleged  frauds  were  committed 
in  the  sampling  of  the  sugar  and  are  not 
concerned  with  the  weighing.  The  frauds 
on  the  coast  said  to  have  been  committed 
by  the  trust  were  drawback  frauds,  like 
those  brought  to  light  recently  in  New 
York,  where  the  Government  expects  to  re¬ 
cover  possibly  three-quarters  of  a  million 
dollars.  In  the  San  Francisco  case  it  is  al¬ 
leged  that  sugar  imported  from  the  Philip¬ 
pines  and  used  in  fruit  exported  afterward 
got  a  drawback  as  Java  sugar.  Those 
frauds  too  are  said  to  have  been  extensive. 
Though  the  Government  has  not  finally  ac¬ 
cepted  the  offer  of  the  American  Sugar  Re¬ 
fining  Company  to  pay  $700,000  in  settle¬ 
ment  of  the  drawback  claims  on  imported 
sugar  made  into  molasses,  subsequently  ex¬ 
ported,  that  amount  of  money  in  cash  has 
been  deposited  by  the  trust  in  the  Sub- 
Treasury  in  New  York.  United  States  At¬ 
torney  Wise  has  the  certificate  of  deposit  in 
his  possession.  Mr.  Wise  made  it  clear  that 
the  deposit  of  the  money  did  not  mean 
that  the  Government  had  accepted  the  of¬ 
fer  of  the  trust.  The  money  had  to  be 
deposited  before  the  Government  could  con¬ 
sider  the  proposition.  If  Mr.  Wise  does 
approve  it  the  offer  must  then  be  submitted 
to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

Fire  in  the  Flos  Roller  Company's  fac¬ 
tory  at  Ogdensburg,  N.  Y.,  January  3, 
caused  a  loss  estimated  at  $100,000. 

Two  of  the  world’s  foremost  aviators. 
Arch  Hoxsey  and  John  B.  Moisant,  both 
Americans  and  both  holders  of  notable 
flying  records,  were  killed  December  31. 
Hoxsey  in  a  Wright  biplane  fell  a  dis¬ 
tance  estimated  at  530  feet  at  Los  Angeles 
while  doing  what  appeared  to  bo  a  spiral 
dip.  Moisant  in  a  Bleriot  monoplane  met 
death  on  the  outskirts  of  New  Orleans.  He 
lost  control  of  his  machine  at  a  .height  of 
200  feet.  At  100  feet  elevation  he  fell  out 
of  his  machine.  Neither  man  was  killed 
instantly.  Hoxsey’s  heart  was  still  beat¬ 
ing  when  he  was  removed  from  the  wreck 
of  his  machine.  He  died  just  before  he 
was  put  on  an  operating  table  at  the 
emergency  hospital.  He  never  was  con¬ 
scious  after  he  struck  the  ground.  Moi¬ 
sant  was  unconscious  when  picked  up, 
but  died  a  few  minutes  later  while  being 
ijtaken  on  a  special  train  to  a  New  Orleans 
hospital.  Both  men  were  seeking  to  make 
new  records.  Hoxsey  was  trying  to  sur¬ 
pass  his  world’s  record  altitude  flight  of 
11,474  feet,  which  he  made  at  Los  Angeles 
December  26.  Moisant  was  trying  for  the 
Michelin  long  distance  prize,  which  Tabu- 
teau  won  December  30  at  Buc,  France. 
According  to  some  aviation  fatality 
records,  Hoxsey  was  the  fortieth  aviator 
to  be  killed  since  the  sport  or  science  of 
flying  in  heavier  than  air  machines  began. 
Moisant  was  the  thirty-ninth  victim,  hav¬ 
ing  been  killed  almost  exactly  six  hours 
before  Hoxsey.  Of  these  40  deaths  30  in 
round  numbers  occured  in  1910.  Ralph 
Johnstone,  another  of  the  Wright  fliers, 
who  was  Iloxsey’s  greatest  rival  in  alti¬ 
tude  flights,  was  killed  a  few  weeks  ago  in 
Denver.  Cecil  Grace,  who  had  sought  to 
outdo  Moisant’s  Channel  flight  by  a  trip 
from  England  to  France  and  back,  has 
never  been  heard  from  since  he  left  Calais. 

The  Southern  Pacific  train  No.  1,  the 
Overland  Limited,  westbound,  was  held 
un  by  two  masked  men  January  3  at 
Reese,  nine  miles  west  of  Ogden,  Utah. 
William  Ravis,  a  negro  porter,  was  shot 
and  instantly  killed  and  A.  W.  Taylor,  an¬ 
other  porter,  was  mortally  wounded.  A 
passenger  was  slightly  wounded.  One  hun¬ 
dred  passengers  on  the  train  were  relieved 
of  their  valuables.  The  robbers  did  not 
attempt  to  enter  the  express  car,  but  de¬ 
voted  their  entire  attention  to  the  Pull¬ 
mans,  where  they  made  a  rich  haul  among 
the  California  bound  passengers,  holding 
the  train  for  more  than  an  hour. 

With  a  blizzard  in  half  a  dozen  States 
and  freezing  temperatures  extending  'to 
the  Gulf,  the  South  January  3  experienced 


the  coldest  weather  recorded  this  Winter. 
Texas  reports  two  deaths  from  freezing. 
An  aged  man  was  found  frozen  to  death 
in  Mobile,  Ala.  Snow  fell  in  Texas, 
Arkansas,  Tennessee,  Kentucky,  southern 
Ohio  and  the  more  northerly  portions  of 
Mississippi  and  Alabama.  Loss  to  crops 
and  cattle  in  Texas  is  estimated  at  $1,- 
000,000.  The  orange  belt  also  suffered  se¬ 
verely.  With  temperatures  ranging  from 
21  degrees  below  zero  at  Salina,  Kan.,  to 
zero  in  northern  Arkansas,  the  southwest 
also  experienced  the  coldest  weather  of 
the  Winter.  Near  Cripple  Creek,  Col.,  the 
record  cold  of  34  below  zero  was  registered. 

Fire  destroyed  the  buildings  of  the 
Knickerbocker  Fireproof  Storage  Ware¬ 
house  Company,  No.  102  to  106  Arlington 
street,  Newark,  N.  J.,  January  3.  The  fire 
was  one  of  the  most  spectacular  that  has 
ever  occurred  in  that  city  in  daylight.  It 
entailed  a  loss  estimated  to  be  not  less  than 
$300,000,  of  which  about  an  equal  share 
is  upon  buildings  and  contents.  A  defec¬ 
tive  telephone  wire  crossing  with  a  highly 
charged  electric  light  wire  is  believed  to 
have  started  the  blaze.  The  destroyed 
buildings  included  a  five  story  brick  struc¬ 
ture  occupying  two  city  lots,  and  adjoining 
this,  on  the  south,  a  fine  buff  brick,  solidly 
constructed  eight  story  building. 

Fire  destroyed  $1,000,000  worth  of  prop¬ 
erty  in  the  heart  of  the  business  district 
of  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  January  3.  The  fire 
started  in  the  fifth  story  ot  the  building 
owned  by  Gov.  Donaghy  at  Seventh  and 
Main  streets,  occupied  by  the  Hollenberg 
Music  Company. 

FARM  AND  GARDEN.— The  forty- 
second  annual  meeting  of  the  Nebraska 
State  Horticultural  Society  is  to  be  held 
at  the  University  Farm,  Lincoln,  Neb., 
January  17  to  19,  1911.  Tuesday  especially 
the  meeting  will  be  one  of  considerable 
interest  to  growers  and  retailers,  as  such 
subjects  as  the  following  will  be  under 
discussion  :  Arranging  Fruits  and  Cut 
Flowers,  Chrysanthemums,  the  Retail  Flor¬ 
ist,  Advertising  Bulbs,  Prospects  for  Whole¬ 
saling  in  Nebraska,  etc.  The  meeting  on 
that  day  will  be  given  over  to  the  State 
Florists’  Society,  with  President  Irwin  Frey 
in  the  chair. 

The  National  Flower  Show  will  be  held 
in  Horticultural  Hall,  Boston,  Mass.,  March 
25  to  April  1,  in  connection  with  the  Spring 
Convention  of  the  Society  of  American 
Florists,  the  American  Rose  Society,  the 
American  Carnation  Society,  the  American 
Gladiolus  Society  and  the  Massachusetts 
Horticultural  Society.  The  general  man¬ 
ager  is  Chester  1.  Campbell. 

The  meeting  of  the  Connecticut  Porno- 
logical  Society  will  be  held  at  Hartford 
February  1-2.  Thei-e  will  be  as  usual  an 
excellent  programme,  with  the  banquet 
which  has  become  a  fixture  in  these  meet¬ 
ings. 

The  various  State  Agricultural  Associa¬ 
tions  of  IVest  Virginia  will  hold  their  an¬ 
nual  meetings  in  the  rooms  of  the  State 
Board  of  Agriculture,  Charleston,  during 
the  week  of  January  23,  1911.  The,  best 
of  speakers  and  some  of  the  leading  live 
stock  authorities  of  the  country  will  be 
present.  A  special  feature  will  be  the 
agricultural  rally  to  be  held  in  the  House 
of  Representatives  the  evening  of  January 
24.  Some  of  the  leading  agricultural  pro¬ 
moters  of  the  land  will  be  present  and 
deliver  addresses,  among  whom  are  Hon. 
Win.  E.  Glasscock,  Governor  of  West  Vir¬ 
ginia  ;  Hon.  A.  P.  Sandies,  Secretary  of  the 
Ohio  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  and 
others.  State  Dairy  Association  will  meet 
January  23  at  7.30  p.  m. ;  State  Live 
Stock  Association,  January  24,  9.30  p.  in. : 
State  Wool  Growers’  and  Sheep  Breeders’ 
Association,  January  24,  1.30  p.  m. ;  State 
Horticultural  Society,  January  25  and  26; 
annual  meeting  of  the  State  Grange,  Janu¬ 
ary  26  and  27. 

Secretary  of  State  Knox  has  opened 
negotiations  with  the  German  Government 
for  the  settlement  of  the  potash  dispute 
which  has  been  pending  for  several  months. 
A  few  days  ago  a  diplomatic  note  was 
forwarded  to  the  German  Foreign  Office 
through  Dr.  David  Jayne  Hill,  American 
Ambassador  at  Berlin,  expressing  the  de¬ 
sire  of  this  Government  to  take  up  the 
question  through  diplomatic  channels  for 
the  purpose  of  reaching  an  amicable  adjust¬ 
ment  of  the  question  so  as  to  avoid  the 
possibility  of  a  tariff  war.  All  proposals 
of  retaliatory  action  against  Germany  have 
therefore  been  postponed  pending  the  con¬ 
clusions  of  the  diplomatic  negotiations. 

The  New  Jersey  State  Board  of  Agricul¬ 
ture  will  meet  at  the  State  House,  Trenton, 
January  18,  19  and  20. 

The  third  annual  meeting  of  the  Illinois 
Horticultural  Institute,  fifty-fifth  annual 
convention  of  the  Illinois  State  Horticul¬ 
tural  Society,  and  sixth  annual  meeting  of 
the  Illinois  State  Florists’  Association  will 
be  held  in  the  Agricultural  Building  of  the 
University  of  Illinois,  Champaign,  Ill., 
January  31  to  February  10.  R.  O.  Graham, 
President  Illinois  State  Horticultural  So¬ 
ciety,  Bloomington  ;  W.  B.  Lloyd,  Secretary 
Illinois  State  Horticultural  Society,  Ivin- 
mundy ;  C.  L.  Washburn,  President  Illinois 
State  Florists’  Association,  Chicago ;  J.  F. 
Ammann,  Secretary  Illinois  State  Florists’ 
Association,  Edwardsville ;  August  Geweke. 
President  Cook  County  Truck  Growers’ 
Association,  Des  Plaines ;  E.  Bollinger, 
President  Horticultural  Society  of  Lake 
Forest,  Lake  Forest;  C.  Geppert,  Secretary 
Horticultural  Society  of  Lake  Forest,  Lake 
Forest. 

GOV.  DIX’S  MESSAGE. — The  first  mes¬ 
sage  sent  by  the  new  Governor  of  New  York 
to  the  Legislature  makes  an  urgent  plea 
for  economy,  and  declares  that  too  much 
money  Is  being  expended.  There  is  an 
intimation  of  direct  taxation.  He  comes 
out  squarely  in  favor  of  parcels  post,  sug¬ 
gests  the  advisability  of  an  income  tax,  and 
urges  direct  nominations  and  a  constitu¬ 
tional  amendment  compelling  the  registra¬ 
tion  of  all  voters.  He  also  urged  a  con¬ 
stitutional  amendment  providing  for  the 
popular  election  of  United  States  Senators. 
Among. other  points  covered  the  Governor 
said  :  “The  State  Fair  is  a  worthy  object 
of  State  assistance,  but  I  question  seriously 
the  wisdom  or  necessity  of  the  legislation 
of  the  last  session,  which  established  a 
commission  of  five  members,  at  large  sal¬ 
aries,  to  superintend  the  work  in  connec¬ 
tion  therewith.  In  the  Interests  of  econ¬ 
omy  I  recommend  the  repeal  of  such  legis¬ 
lation.”  Regarding  increased  expenditures, 
Gov.  Dix  says  that  the  principle  cause  for 
the  increasing  cost  of  government  are  the 
added  expenditures  for  boards  and  com¬ 
missions  within  the  last  seven  years ;  ex¬ 
penditures  for  penal  institutions  have  in¬ 
creased  127  per  cent. ;  for  educational  pur¬ 


poses  more  than  53  per  cent.  Regarding 
the  work  of  the  Highway  Commission,  the 
Governor  says  that  during  the  last  fiscal 
year  564  miles  of  State  roads  have  been 
built  and  the  work  of  construction  of 
513  miles  begun.  In  addition  to  this 
work,  121  miles  of  road  already  constructed 
have  been  maintained  and  put  in  repair 
and  plans  are  under  way  for  construction 
of  much  additional  work.  When  the  peo¬ 
ple  of  the  State  passed  upon  the  proposi¬ 
tion  to  expend  $50,000,000  upon  the  roads 
of  the  State  they  expected  in  return  there¬ 
for  to  receive  a  comprehensive  system  of 
roads  connecting  all  the  principle  points 
in  the  State,  and  with  branches  extending 
laterally  so  as  to  make  a  complete  network 
all  over  the  State  of  modern,  well  con- 
constructed  and  lasting  roads.  An  exam¬ 
ination  of  the  records  of  the  State  disclose 
the  fact  that  the  appropriation  for  the 
maintenance  and  repair  of  State  roads  for 
the  year  1909  was  $1,500,000,  and  for  the 
year  1910  the  sum  of  $1,800,000,  while  the 
estimate  for  the  year  1911  amounts  to 
$1,500,000. 

‘‘The  amount  of  money  expended  in  one 
year  upon  the  maintenance  and  repair  of 
roads,  but  recently  constructed,  would  seem 
to  indicate  that  the  people  are  likely  to  be 
disappointed  in  this  regard,  and  I  q'ucstiou 
whether  or  not  more  effective  results  in 
efficiency  and  economy  would  not  be  ob¬ 
tained  by  doing  away  with  this  costly  com¬ 
mission,  the  only  reasonable  excuse  for 
whose  existence  would  be  the  ability  to  do 
the  work  of  which  it  has  had  charge  more 
efficiently  or  cheaply  than  the  officers  un¬ 
der  whose  supervision  such  work  was  for¬ 
merly  done.”  _ 


RHODE  ISLAND  FARMERS  MEET. 

The  Farmers’  Convention  of  Rhode  Island 
met  at  the  Rhode  Island  State  College  from 
Tuesday,  December  27,  to  Friday,  December 
30,  with  an  attendance  of  about  120,  a 
great  increase  in  numbers  over  last  year, 
there  being  only  56  then.  The  special 
course  for  the  farmers  during  this  time  con¬ 
sists  of  a  series  of  lectures  by  the  heads  of 
the  different  departments  of  agriculture  in¬ 
terested,  and  by  a  few  outside  speakers. 
These  lectures  took  up  every  phase  of  farm¬ 
ing  under  all  kinds  of  conditions,  and  tried 
to  show  the  farmer  how  he  could  better  the 
products  from  his  farm  and  get  better 
prices  for  the  produce.  One  of  the  most 
interesting  and  instructive  lectures  of  the 
course  was  given  on  Thursday  afternoon  by 
H.  W.  Collingwood,  on  the  subject  of  ‘  The 
Consumer  s  Dollar,”  in  which  he  showed 
that  of  the  dollar  the  consumer  paid  for 
produce,  about  35  cents  went  to  the  pro¬ 
ducer,  and  the  rest  to  the  railroads,  and 
the  commission  merchants  or  ‘‘middlemen.” 
lie  went  on  to  show  that  this  could  be  done 
away  with  by  the  farmer  selling  direct  to 
the  consumer,  lie  showed  wherein  the 
parcels  post  was  the  only  law  that  Congress 
could  pass  that  would  benefit  the  farmer, 
since  this  would  provide  the  means  of  the 
farmer  getting  bis  produce  on  the  market 
cheaply,  or  at  least  cheaper  than  he  can 
under  the  present  laws,  where  the  express 
companies  have  practically  no  competition, 
and  can  therefore  charge  almost  any  price 
for  transportation,  whereas  if  we  had  the 
parcels  post,  the  express  companies  would 
nave  to  reduce  their  rates  in  order  to  get 
any  business. 

The  fruit  growers  at  the  convention  held 
a  meeting  on  Thursday  and  organized  a 
Rhode  Island  Fruit  Growers’  Association  to 
be  affiliated  with  the  Rhode  Island  Horti¬ 
cultural  Society  as  a  branch  of  that  so¬ 
ciety,  the  purpose  of  which  is  to  try  to 
arouse  more  interest  in  fruit  culture  in 
Rhode  Island.  The  meeting  also  passed  a 
resolution  as  follows  : 

‘•Resolved,  That  it  is  the  sense  of  the 
fruit  growers  and  agriculturists  assembled 
at  the  Farmers’  Week  at  the  Rhode  Island 
State  College  that  a  law  in  regard  to  or¬ 
chard  inspection  is  of  great  importance  and 
a  necessity  to  protect  fruit  growers  of 
Rhode  Island.” 

It  is  thought  that  this  law  will  be  a 
great  benefit  to  fruit  culture  in  the  New 
England  States  and  Rhode  Island  in  partic¬ 
ular.  The  convention  as  a  whole  has  been 
a  great  success  and  is  calculated  to  help 
the  college  and  the  farmers  of  the  State 
very  much.  The  following  is  the  programme 
of  the  lectures  as  given :  Tuesday,  Decem¬ 
ber  27,  “Commercial  l’each  Culture,”  A.  E. 
Stene ;  “The  Robber  Cow,”  II.  Burdick ; 
“Feeding  of  Winter  Chicks,”  B.  L.  Hart¬ 
well;  “Corn,”  G.  E.  Adams;  “Strawberry 
Culture,”  Wilfrid  Wheeler.  W’eduesday, 
“Propagation  of  Plants,”  G.  It.  Cobb  ;  "Sil¬ 
age  and  Its  Uses,”  F.  S.  Putney ;  “Systems 
of  Handling  Poultry,"  D.  J.  Lambert; 
“Alfalfa,”  H.  J.  Wheeler;  “Farm  Adminis¬ 
tration,"  J.  W.  Sanborn.  Thursday,  "Apple 
Culture,”  A.  E.  Stene ;  “Swine,”  F.  S.  Put¬ 
ney  ;  “Poultry  Houses  and  Fixtures,”  I).  J. 
Lambert;  “Potato  Culture,”  G.  E.  Adams ; 
“The  Consumer’s  Dollar,”  FI.  W.  Colling¬ 
wood.  Friday,  “Spray  Mixtures,”  G.  R. 
Cobb ;  “The  Farm  Barn,”  F.  S.  Putney ; 
“The  Farmer’s  Hen,”  D.  J.  Lambert;  “For¬ 
age  Crops,”  G.  E.  Adams ;  “Cost  of  Crop 
Production,”  G.  E.  Adams.  p.  e.  f. 

EASTERN  FRUIT  GROWERS’  MEET¬ 
ING. — At  the  meeting  in  Washington,  D.  C„ 
December  21,  1910,  the  title  Eastern  Fruit 
Growers’  Association  was  adopted  as  pre¬ 
ferable  to  the  title  Appalachian  Fruit 
Growers’  Association,  used  in  the  call  for 
the  meeting.  The  first  Washington  meeting 
was  successful,  even  beyond  the  expecta¬ 
tions  of  those  issuing  the  call.  Definite  ac¬ 
tion  was  taken  to  support  the  Simmons  bill 
giving  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  author¬ 
ity  to  quarantine  against  infested  nursery 
stock ;  to  secure  better  freight  and  express 
rates  through  the  Interstate  Commerce 
Commission ;  to  obtain  a  satisfactory  stand¬ 
ard  package  law;  favoring  an  unlimited 
parcels  post,  and  to  watch  for  legislation 
that  might  prove  to  be  inimical  to  the  fruit 
growing  industry  in  the  East. 


Prepaid  Express  Charges. — I  notice  an 
inquiry  from  one  of  your  readers  asking 
how  to  avoid  having  his  customers  pay 
express  charges  on  packages  when  he  pre¬ 
pays  the  express.  The  proper  method  to 
avoid  this  is  by  putting  on  a  sticker  which 
reads :  “All  express  charges  on  this  pack¬ 
age  prepaid.”  No  company  is  allowed  to 
collect  on  a  package  if  they  accept  it  under 
these  conditions — provided  the  company  is 
able  to  waybill  the  package  through  from 
the  receiving  to  the  distributing  point. 
This  they  are  not  always  able  to  do,  as 
they  do  not  have  connections  of  their  own 
in  every  town  and  city.  The  chances  are 
that  in  the  latter  case  there  will  be  an 
extra  charge.  geo.  j.  martix. 

Massachusetts. 


42 


THE  RURAE  NEW-YORKER 


January  14, 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

COURAGE. 

Because  I  hold  it  sinful  to  despond, 

And  will  not  let  the  bitterness  of  life 
Blind  me  with  burning  tears,  but  look  be¬ 
yond 

Its  tumult  and  its  strife  ; 

Because  I  lift  my  head  above  the  mist, 
Where  the  sun  shines  and  the  broad 
breezes  blow, 

By  every  ray  and  every  raindrop  kissed 
That  God’s  love  doth  bestow ; 

Think  you  I  find  no  bitterness  at  all, 

No  burden  to  be  borne,  like  Christian’s 
pack  ? 

Think  you  there  are  no  ready  tears  to  fall, 
Because  I  keep  them  back? 

Why  should  I  hug  life's  ills  with  cold  re¬ 
serve, 

To  curse  myself  and  all  who  love  me? 
Nay  ! 

A  thousand  times  more  good  than  I  de¬ 
serve 

God  gives  me  every  day. 

And  in  each  one  of  those  rebellious  tears 

Kept  bravely  back  lie  makes  a  rainbow 
shine ; 

Grateful  I  take  His  slightest  gift;  no  fears 
Nor  any  doubts  are  mine. 

Dark  skies  must  clear,  and  when  the  clouds 
are  past 

One  golden  dfiy  redeems  a  weary  year ; 
Patient  I  listen,  sure  that  sweet  at  last 
Will  sound  His  voice  of  cheer. 

— Celia  Tbaxter. 

• 

Pi.aster  stains  on  floors  are  quite  dif¬ 
ficult  to  remove  with  ordinary  scrub¬ 
bing,  and  are  often  left  by  careless  work¬ 
men.  They  usually  disappear  with  little, 
labor  if  well  rubbed  with  vinegar  before 
the  floor  is  scrubbed. 

* 

Spanish  steak  is  a  delicious  way  of 
using  the  flank.  Trim  a  flank  steak,  fry. 
it  brown  in  plenty  of  butter,  lift  out  and 
put  in  a  baking  pan.  Sprinkle  with  salt 
and  pepper,  and  fry  a  sliced  onion 
brown  in  the  butter  remaining  in  the 
pan.  Spread  the  onion  over  the  top  of 
the  steak,  then  turn  a  can  of  tomatoes 
into  the  frying  pan  with  the  drippings, 
heat  up,  and  then  pour  the  tomatoes 
over  the  steak.  Cover  and  bake  an  hour 
in  a  slow  oven,  basting  frequently.  There 
should  be  enough  juice  with  the  toma¬ 
toes  to  make  sufficient  gravy. 

* 

A  person  who  has  had  experience  in 
taking  extremely  nauseating  medicine 
has  hit  upon  a  scheme  for  rendering  it 
innocuous.  When  the  time  comes  for 
his  dose  he  has  a  teaspoon ful  of  ice 
cracked  to  powder,  holds  this  on  his 
tongue  until  it  dissolves,  and  then 
swallows  the  medicine.  The  ice  numbs 
the  nerves,  and  the  medicine  slips  down 
without  leaving  any  taste.  Modern 
doctors  do  not  give  as  many  abomin¬ 
ably  flavored  compounds  as  the  good  old 
saddle-bag  practitioners,  but  there  are 
still  remedies  of  such  loathly  flavor  that 
some  disguise  is  needed  to  make  them 
endurable.  Of  course  it  would  always 
be  well,  in  serious  illness,  to  learn 
whether  the  ice  treatment  is  permissible. 

* 

The  new  boarder  stepped  into  the 
room  and  closed  the  door,  says  the  New 
York  Sun.  The  landlady  stood  in  the 
hall  until  she  heard  him  exclaim  “Hang 
it  all !”  Then  she  chuckled  softly  and 
went  down  stairs. 

“Saved,  and  by  vaseline,”  she  said. 
“My  detective  instinct  told  me  that  that 
man  is  the  kind  that  scratches  matches 
on  the  woodwork.  Many  a  door  jamb 
and  mantelpiece  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
gas  jets  has  been  scratched  past  redemp¬ 
tion  by  match  fiends  who  had  no  re¬ 
spect  for  the  furniture.  But  I  have  got 
the  best  of  them.  I  simply  smear  with 
vaseline  tlie  woodwork  that  is  conveni¬ 
ent  for  scratching  matches,  then  the 
matches  won’t  light.  The  man  doesn’t 
know  why,  but  he  never  tries  it  again.” 

♦ 

OLD-fashioned  people  sometimes  re¬ 
call,  for  the  amusement  of  their  juniors, 
the  florists’  formal  bouquets,  as  made  in 
their  youth.  They  were  composed  of 


unhappy  flowers  jammed  closely  to¬ 
gether,  the  stems  wound  round  and 
round  with  thread,  until  the  whole  for¬ 
mation  was  as  firm  as  an  old-country 
birch  besom.  A  frill  of  lace  paper,  silk 
fringe,  or  lace  completed  the  bouquet, 
the  stems  being  enclosed  in  an  orna¬ 
mental  holder.  Sheaf  and  shower  bou¬ 
quets  and  all  the  graceful  arrangements 
of  long-stemmed  flowers  have  displaced 
these  formal  arrangements  for  so  many 
years  that  the  pendulum  of  fashion  is 
swinging  back  again,  and  this  Winter 
we  see  formal  bouquets  once  more. 
Many  of  them  are  made  of  two  sorts 
of  flowers,  the  center  a  flat  surface  of 
one  variety,  surrounded  by  a  contrast¬ 
ing  border ;  for  instance,  a  center  of 
little  pink  rosebuds  edged  with  a  ring 
of  forget-me-nots  or  violets,  the  whole 
edged  with  lace.  They  have  a  quaint, 
before-the-war  appearance,  and  perhaps 
their  dainty  prettiness  will  make  people 
realize  that  size  alone  does  not  make 
a  flower’s  attractiveness.  The  florists 
themselves  are  getting  tired  of  hugh 
cabbagy  roses  and  mop-like  Chrysan¬ 
themums  with  five- foot  stems. 

* 

Grape  jewelry — that  is,  ornaments  im¬ 
itating  the  foliage,  fruit  and  tendrils  of 
the  vine,  has  been  very  popular  the  last 
year  or  two,  ranging  all  the  way  from 
the  inexpensive  but  charming  Paris  nov¬ 
elties  to  the  costly  products  of  fashion¬ 
able  goldsmiths.  Little  bunches  of  grapes 
backed  by  foliage,  hanging  as  pendants 
from  slender  chains,  brooches  or  quaint 
little  eardrops  to  match,  slender  brace¬ 
lets  with  similar  decoration — all  are 
very  alluring  to  the  feminine.  Jewelry 
of  the  same  pattern  was  worn  by  ladies 
of  the  powerful  Roman  Empire  two 
thousand  years  ago,  and  it  is  interesting 
to  learn  that  a  recent  discovery  in  buried 
Pompeii  brings  to  light  a  specially  beau¬ 
tiful  example  of  it.  Workmen  who  were 
digging  for  the  foundation  of  a  new 
building  outside  the  area  of  the  buried 
city  found  the  body  of  a  woman  which 
had  been  petrified.  Both  the  hands  were 
full  of  jewels.  Evidently  the  woman 
fled  from  the  eruption  that  over¬ 
whelmed  Pompeii,  carrying  her  valu¬ 
ables,  and  was  buried  in  the  downpour 
of  scoriae.  The  jewels  are  excellently 
preserved,  having  been  protected  from 
the  ashes  and  lava  by  the  body.  They 
consist  of  bracelets,  necklaces,  rings, 
amulets  studded  with  gems  and  a  pair 
of  earrings,  which  are  probably  unique. 
They  may  be  altogether  the  most  valu¬ 
able  specimen's  of  ancient  jewelry  ever 
discovered.  Each  earring  contains 
twenty-one  perfect  pearls  set  in  gold  in 
imitation  of  a  bunch  of  grapees. 


Home  Treatment  for  Small  Ills. 

Simple  remedies  faithfully  used  will 
ofttimes  bring  great  relief  and  comfort 
in  cases  Qf  the  smaller  bodily  ills.  They 
will  in  most  cases  prove  as  effective  as 
will  the  patented  ointments  and  lotions 
for  which  one  must  pay  five  times  as 
much.  An  elderly  woman  has  found, 
after  years  of  annoyance  from  eczema, 
and  after  trying  all  sorts  of  proprietary 
“sure  cures,”  that  nothing  gives  such 
relief  as  a  mixture  of  glycerine  and 
wintergreen.  She  buys  them  separate — 
as  druggists  will  sometimes  charge 
prescription  rates  where  even  two  in¬ 
gredients  are  combined — mixing  them  in 
about  equal  proportions  and  diluting 
somewhat  with  alcohol  that  it  may  not 
be  too  viscid  to  be  well  rubbed  in.  The 
tincture  of  wintergreen  can  be  used,  but 
the  oil,  though  more  expensive,  is  pref¬ 
erable.  Thorough  applications  to  the 
skin  as  soon  as  the  eruptions  show  will 
give  relief,  and  persistent  use  will  drive 
them  away.  As  to  those  severe  attacks 
where  much  moisture  exudes  from  the 
skin,  it  may  be  necessary  to  call  a  phys¬ 
ician,  and  use  more  strenuous  remedies, 
but  for  the  chronic  irritation  from  which 
many  old  people  suffer  a  rubbing  with 
the  glycerine  and  wintergreen  will  often 


mean  the  comfort  of  a  quiet  night’s 
sleep. 

The  dictionary  defines  “callous”  as 
“unfeeling,”  but  anyone  who  has  had 
one  of  those  obdurate,  indurated,  ob¬ 
structions  which  we  call  a  callous  place 
upon  the  foot  knows  how  far  from  un¬ 
feeling  it  can  seem.  Daily  footbaths  are 
a  help  because  the  only  way  to  secure 
ease  is  by  keeping  the  place  softened  as 
much  as  possible.  When  abundant  hot 
water  and  fussing  are  out  of  the  ques¬ 
tion  it  is  worth  while  to  wear  upon  the 
spot,  every  night,  a  pad  of  absorbent 
cotton  kept  moist  with  some  soothing- 
remedy.  A  sort  of  skeleton  sock  can  be 
made  of  soft  cloth,  a  half  sandal  affair 
with  soft  strings  of  cloth  to  cross  and 
tie  about  the  ankle,  a  little  band  of  the 
cloth  to  slip  between  the  toes  being 
added  if  necessary.  Baste  the  pad  of 
cotton  to  cover  the  afflicted  spot  and  it 
will  take  but  a  moment  to  arrange  the 
device  for  local  treatment.  It  is  said 
that  corns  may  be  cured  by  keeping 
them  moist  with  glycerine.  First  dust 
thickly  with  bicarbonate  of  soda  and 
then  cover  with  a  wad  of  absorbent  cot¬ 
ton  soaked  in  the  glycerine.  This  is 
good  treatment  for  callosities  also,  and 
if  it  is  possible  to  wear,  during  the  day¬ 
time,  a  corn  plaster  or  a  homemade  de¬ 
vice  of  cotton  having  a  hole  in  its  center 
to  prevent  pressure  from  the  shoe,  pa¬ 
tient  perseverance  in  the  treatment  will 
surely  bring  relief  and  finally  complete 
cure. 

For  a  rheumatic  knee  this  treatment  is 
highly  recommended.  Wring  a  towel 
out  of  cold  water  at  bedtime  and  wrap 
about  the  lame  joint.  Over  this  pin  a 
dry  cloth  and  then  wrap  all  in  a  soft 
woolen  shawl  or  something  equally 
warm  and  pliable.  Secure  with  plenty 
of  safety  pins.  Be  sure  to  have  the 
woolen  wrappings  warm  enough  to  bring 
a  sense  of  heat  and  comfort  and  the 
knee  will  be  well  next  day. 

PATTIE  LYMAN. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


FOUNDED  1642, 


Simpson- 
Eddystone 
Prints 

are  reliable  dress- goods 

They  have  been  the 
standard  calicoes  of  the 
United  States  for  over  65 
years.  Your  grandmother 
relied  on  these  same  eot- 
tondress-goodsof  quality; 
90  did  your  mother. 

Numerous  beautiful, 
fashionable  designs,  print¬ 
ed  in  absolutely  fast  col¬ 
ors  on  the  finest  and  best 
woven  cloths. 

Show  this  advertisement  to  your  deal¬ 
er  when  you  order,  and  don’t  accept 
substitutes.  If  not  in  your  dealer's 
stock  write  us  his  name  and  address. 
We’ll  help  him  supply  you. 

The  Eddystone  Mfg.  Co.,  Philadelphia 
Established  by  Wm.  Simpson,  Sc 


44  Maple  ff  Evaporators  . 

Oar  “Maple  Evaporator*9  Is  the  most  durable  and  most 
economical  on  (he  market,  only  selected  materials  being 
used  In  its  construction.  Henry  eaat-lron  frame,  rein¬ 
forced  sheet  ateel  jacket,  extra  heavy  specially  rolled  tin 
or  galvanized  Iron  pana. 

Easily  erected,  uses  very  little  fuel  either 
wood  or  coal,  works  smoothly  and  evap¬ 
orates  quickly,  producing  very  fine  sugar 
and  syrup;  Hundreds  in  use  giving 
Splendid  service.  Moderate  in  cost. 

We  carry  a  full  line  of  sugar  camp  sup¬ 
plies. 


Send  for  catalog 
and  price  liat. 


McLane- 
Schank 
Hard¬ 
ware  Co. 

f/tnesvllle 
Pa. 


You 

Who  Get 

Hungry 
Between  Meals 

Don’t  deny  yourself  food  till  meal 
time. 

When  that  mid  morning  hunger  ap¬ 
proaches,  satisfy  it  with  Uneeda  Biscuit. 
These  biscuits  are  little  nuggets  of  nutrition. 
Each  crisp  soda  cracker  contains  energy 
for  thirty  minutes  more  work. 

Many  business  men  eat  them  at  ten 
in  the  morning.  So  do  school 
children  at  recess. 

They’re  more  nutritive  than 
bread.  You  can  eat  them 
dry  —  or  with  milk. 

Uneeda  Biscuit  are 
always  crisp  and 
delightful. 


Never  Sold 
in  Bulk 


In  the  moisture-proof 
package 

NATIONAL  BISCUIT  COMPANY 


. . . 


■v.viii 


1911. 


-13 


THE;  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

Baby’s  short  clothes  require  to  be 
simple,  yet  shapely.  In  this  set  are  in¬ 
cluded  the  necessary  under-garments 
and  a  simple  little  dress.  The  petticoat 
is  made  with  a  straight  gathered  skirt 
and  smooth  fitting  body  portion  and  the 
dress  is  straight  below  the  round  yoke. 
It  can  be  made  either  with  short  or  long 
sleeves.  The  drawers  are  just  full 
enough  for  comfort  and  can  be  finished 
with  either  embroidery  or  lace  or  with 


6854  Baby’s  Set,  One  Size, 
simple  hemmed  edges.  They  are  joined 
to  bands  and  the  bands  are  designed  to 
be  buttoned  to  an  under-waist.  The 
quantity  of  material  required  to  make 
the  dress  is  1%  yards  36  or  154  yards  44 
inches  wide,  with  l'A  yards  of  insertion 
and  lVs  yards  of  edging.  For  the  petti¬ 
coat  will  be  needed  1%  yards  36  or  aA 
yard  44  with  2  yards  of  insertion  and  3 
yards  of  edging,  and  for  the  drawers 
will  be  required  %  yard  36  or  54  yard 
44  inches  wide  with  2  yards  of  edging. 
The  pattern  No.  6854  is  cut  in  one  size 
only;  price  10  cents. 

The  smaller  pictures  include  6823, 
blouse  waist,  with  or  without  fitted  lin¬ 
ing.  34  to  42  bust.  4%  yards  of  ma¬ 
terial  21  or  24  in.  wide,  2%  yards  36,  2 
yards  44,  for  medium  size.  6830,  girl’s 
coat.  To  be  made  with  sailor  or  notched 
collar  and  shield,  perforated  for  short 


length.  4%  yards  of  material  27  in. 
wide,  3  yards  44,  254  yards  52  with  54 
yards  of  silk  for  sailor  collar,  254  yards 
of  wide  braid  and  7  yards  of  narrow 
braid  for  trimming,  for  10  year  size. 
6821,  girl’s  dress,  with  straight  skirt.  8, 
10  and  12  year  5%  yards  of  material  24 
yards  44  with  J4  yard  18  in.  wide  for 

trimming,  54  yard  of  any  width  for  belt, 
for  10  year  size.  6858,  boy’s  box  plaited 
blouse  suit.  2,  4  and  6  years.  4% 
yards  24  or  27  inches  wide,  or  2%  yards 
36  or  44  inches  wide  for  a  boy  of  4 
years.  6847,  muff  and  collarette,  collar¬ 
ette  to  be  made  with  or  without  collar, 
with  pointed  or  straight  outline  at  back. 
1/4  , yards  of  material  36  in.  wide,  154 
yards  52  inches  wide,  with  2'A  yards  of 
satin  for  lining.  One  size;  price  of 
each  pattern  10  cents. 


Enough  for  Two  Days. 

All  housekeepers  are  familiar  with  the 
plan  of  doing  baking  a  day  ahead  when 
there  is  to  be  company  or  an  extra  lot 
of  men  to  feed,  but  very  few  manage 
their  work  to  admit  of  doing  much  cook¬ 
ing  before  the  day  it  is  needed.  Yet  this 
is  one  of  the  most  economical  ways  of 
getting  along  known,  and  if  the  right 
foods  are  selected  there  is  nothing  lost 
in  the  way  of  flavor.  Take  old-fashioned 
succotash  for  example.  This  is  a  good 
hearty  dish,  and  is  relished  alike  by  men 
from  the  field  and  by  company,  town 
company  especially.  Pick  and  boil  your 
beans  the  day  before  needed,  as  this  is 
the  tedious  task.  Cook  with  the  ham 
bone  or  bit  of  bacon  and  set  away  in  the 
granite  kettle  till  next  day.  Half  an 
hour  before  dinner  bring  to  a  boil  and 
add  the  corn  and  potatoes.  In  an  emer¬ 
gency  the  corn  and  all  but  the  potatoes 
may  be  cooked  the  day  before,  and  sim¬ 
ply  re-heated  when  needed.  Season  with 
butter,  pepper  and  salt  and  no  one  will 
guess  it  was  prepared  the  day  before  at 
leisure. 

Puddings  of  all  sorts  may  be  made  the 
day  before  needed  and  simply  reheated. 

I  have  done  this  many  times  without 
being  suspected.  Bake  and  set  in  a  cool 
place,  warming  half  an  hour  before  they 
are  to  be  served.  Meat  loaf  for  two 
days  is  easily  managed,  though  the  gravy 
should  all  be  made  the  first  day  and 
then  reheated.  Never  try  to  heat  the 
gravy  the  second  day  in  the  same  pan 
with  the  loaf.  Chicken  for  pot  pie  or 
for  chicken  pie  may  be  cooked  the  day 
before,  provided  it  is  allowed  to  cool 
without  a  cover,  and  also  provided  it 
stands  in  a  perfect  granite  kettle,  crock 
or  dish.  There  is  too  much  danger  of 
poison  in  careless  cooking  and  saving  of 
chicken  to  recommend  it  to  the  careless 
housewife. 

Sweet  potatoes  boiled  in  salted  water 
and  set  away  for  frying  in  melted  but¬ 
ter  next  day  is  another  standby  of  the 
busy  housekeeper.  Lima  beans  shelled 
and  parboiled  for  reheating  in  cream 
sauce  cannot  be  distinguished  from 
those  cooked  the  same  day,  and  there 
are  various  other  vegetables  that  stand 
warming  over,  or  rather  the  finishing 
touches  of  cooking  very  nicely.  Think 
what  it  means  to  the  woman  whose 
hands  must  prepare  a  dinner  for  a  dozen 
men  or  so  to  bring  out  cooked  chicken 
for  a  pie,  ham  ready  for  slicing  cold, 
meat  loaf  for  a  half  hour’s  warming  in 
the  oven,  beans  ready  for  the  hot  sauce, 
succotash  to  simmer  on  the  back  of  the 
stove,  sweet  potatoes  ready  for  brown¬ 
ing  in  the  oven,  cauliflower  for  a  hot 
butter  dressing,  a  dessert  ready  after  a 
few  minutes  in  the  oven  or  any  one  of  a 
dozen  other  dishes.  Slaw  can  then 
easily  be  made,  as  it  does  not  take  kind¬ 
ly  to  standing  over  night,  the  table  set, 
the  potatoes  freshly  cooked  and  the 
cookies  and  bread  brought  out.  There 
will  be  no  hurry,  no  worry,  and  the  ex¬ 
tra  dishes  to  be  washed  will  be  the  only 
real  burden  of  the  housewife  with  no 

help.  HILUA  RICHMOND^ 


Haricot  of  Mutton. — This  is  a  sav¬ 
ory  and  nutritious  dish  which  requires 
long,  slow  cooking,  eight  or  ten  hours. 
It  will  be  found  an  economical  dinner 
for  a  large  family.  Wash  four 
or  five  pounds  of  the  breast  of 
mutton.  Put  into  an  iron  kettle — if 
you  have  one — if  not,  a  broad  granite 
one  will  do;  but  be  sure  to  have  asbes¬ 
tos  mat  or  heavy  iron  cover  under  the 
kettle,  for  you  must  be  very  careful  not 
to  let  it  burn  ever  so  little,  and  neither 
must  you  stir  it;  if  you  do  you  will 
spoil  it;  now  over  the  meat  pour  one 
quart  of  water.  Let  come  to  a  boil, 
skim,  then  cover  tight  and  cook  gently 
for  one  hour.  Then  cut  into  dice,  or 
slices,  one  pint  of  carrots;  put  these  on 
top  of  the  meat ;  add  two'  tablespoonfuls 
of  salt  and  one  of  sugar,  then  one  quart 
can  of  tomatoes ;  cover  tight  again,  and 
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44 


January  14, 


THE  R.UFtA.I>  NEW-YORKER 


Aunt  Martha’s  Envelope  Library. 

We  were  sitting  on  the  shady  end  of 
the  veranda,  busily  engaged  in  trying  to 
work  out  the  details  of  a  somewhat  in¬ 
tricate  piece  of  Irish  crochet,  when  we 
heard  a  timid  knock  at  one  of  the 
veranda  pillars,  and  looked  up  to  see^  a 
tiny  maid  gazing  gravely  at  us.  She 
courtesied  prettily  in  response  to  our 
greeting  and  walked  timidly  over  to 
Aunt  Martha. 

“I’m  going  to  have  a  birthday  party, 
and  my  mama  said  maybe  you  would 
please  to  tell  me  some  games  to  play, 
she  whispered. 

“To  be  sure  I  will,”  said  Aunt  Martha, 
kissing  the  eager  upturned  face,  “but 
first  1  must  know  how  many  are  to  be 
invited,  and  whether  it  is  a  party  for 
little  girls  or  for  girls  and  ?  boys,  and 
when  and  where  it  is  to  be. 

“On  the  lawn  if  it  is  pleasant,  and  in 
the  house  if  it  rains,’  replied  the  little 
one.  beginning  with  the  last  question. 
“I’m  five  years  old  next  Saturday  and 
my  mama  said  they  was  to  come  at 
two  o’clock,  and  I  have  asked  -then 
followed  a  long  list  of  names  and 
there  will  be  girls  and  boys,  she  added, 
looking  expectantly  into  Aunt  Martha’s 
face. 

“Very  well,  dear.  You  come  over  on 
Saturday  morning  and  I  will  tell  you 
how  to  play  several  games  which  . I  am 
sure  vou  will  all  think  great  fun,  said 
Aunt  Martha. 

“I  knew  you  would,  said  the  little 
one  joyously,  and  she  darted  away,  call¬ 
ing  over  her  shoulder,  “I'm  going  to 
kindergarten.”  .  . 

Aunt  Martha  drew  a  small  pad  with 
pencil  attached  from  her  apron  pocket, 
and  jotted  something  down  on  it,  then 
resumed  her  crocheting. 

“Good  morning!”  The  speaker  was  a 
rosv-faced  young  woman  in  the  next 
yard.  A  troubled  expression  on  her  face 
was  explained  by  her  first  words,  “Tom 
*  has  just  telephoned  that  I  am  going  to 
have  company  for  luncheon,  and  T  can  t 
think  of  a  thing  to  give  them.  It  isn’t 
that  I  don’t  have  things,  but  I  don’t 
know  what  to  get  for  a  company  lunch¬ 
eon  in  a  hurry.  Can  you  tell  me?” 

“Give  me  10  minutes  and  I  can,”  Aunt 
Martha  replied  as  she  went  into  the 
house.  In  a  few  minutes  she  was  back, 
carrying  an  envelope  and  a  sheet  of 
note  paper.  “I  have  written  down  three 
‘hurry  up  menus,’  ”  she  said,  as  she 
passed  the  paper  and  envelopes  over  the 
fence.  “I  think  one  of  them  may  be 
what  you  want,  and  there  are  recipes 
tor  one  or  two  dishes  which  may  be 
prepared  on  short  notice,  which  you  may 
like  to  try.  They  are  tested  and  will 
be  sure  to  be  good.  You  may^  return 
them  when  your  guests  are  gone.” 

The  girl’s  face  cleared  as  she  looked 
over  the  menus.  “That  first  one  is  just 
the  thing,”  she  exclaimed.  “Thank  you 
so  much.  I  get  so  flustered  when  I 
have  to  plan  meals  in  a  hurry  for  com¬ 
pany.  I  can’t  seem  to  think  of  any¬ 
thing,”  and  she  hurried  away  to  pre¬ 
pare  for  her  unexpected  guests. 

We  had  successfully  copied  the  first 
‘figure  when  Nellie  Evans  came  hurrying 
in  and  seated  herself  on  the  top  step. 

“You  see  it’s  this  way,”  she  began, 
“the  Baracas  and  Adelphis  and  the  Y  s 
and  the  Order  of  the  Shield  are  each 
to  be  responsible  for  one  social  during 
the  season;  and  our  class,  the  ’Order 
of  the  Shield,’  are  to  have  one  next 
month,  and  we  want  to  have  some  sort 
of  an  entertainment  for  part  of  the. 
evening  and  the  rest  of  the  time  we 
want  to  have  something  everyone  can 
take  part  in,  and  I  told  the  girls  I  was 
sure  you  would  know  just  the  thing, 
and  I  knew  you  would  help  us.  ^  ou 
will,  won’t  you  ?” 

“And  probably  I  will,”  remarked  Aunt 
Martha  dryly. 

“And  we’re  to  meet  to  plan  it  out  on 
Monday  evening,”  continued  Nell,  ob¬ 
livious  of  any  inference  in  Aunt  Mar¬ 
tha’s  words,  “and  I  wondered  if  we 
might  meet  here,  so  you  could  tell,  all 
the  girls  just  what  to  do,  you  know.” 

“And  you  certainly  may,  and  I  will  be 
delighted  to  have  you,”  Aunt  Martha 
replied. 

Nellie  laughed.  “Did  I  use  too  many 
ands?  I  don’t  care,  it’s  a  dear  little 
connector,  and  I  haven’t  time  to,  bother 
with  grammatical  intricacies.  I’m  late 
to  my  music  lesson  now,  but  I  feel  as  if 
our  social  was  all  planned  now.  Good¬ 
bye,”  and  she  hurried  away. 

Aunt  Martha  jotted  something  more 
down  on  the  pad  in  her  apron  pocket. 

“Have  you  a  recipe  for  carrot  mar¬ 
malade?”  said  Mrs.  Wilson,  coming  in 
the  gate,  which  Nellie  had  left  open. 
“I’ve  looked  through  all  the  cook  books 
I  have  and  I  can’t  find  a  recipe,  and 
mother  says,  ‘Why  don’t  you  put  your 
bonnet  on  and  run  over  to  Martha’s? 


She’s  sure  to  have  one.’  And  so  I 
came  right  over.  Have  you  got  one?” 

Aunt  Martha  went  into  the  house 
again  and  soon  came  out  with  the  de¬ 
sired  recipe. 

“It  seems  as  if  you  always  had  the 
thing  we’re  looking  for,  no  matter  what 
it  is,”  said  Mrs.  Wilson,  as  she  took 
the  recipe  and  started  down  the  steps. 

“I  think  Mrs.  Wilson  sized  up  the 
situation  about  right,”  I  said,  as  that 
worthy  lady  disappeared  down  the 
street.  “And  still  the  wonder  grew 
that  one  small  head  could  carry  all  she 
knew,”  I  paraphrased.  “How  do  you 
do  it,  Aunt  Martha?” 


“As  I  told  you,  I  began  years  ago,” 
she  said,  “and  I  have  kept  it  up.  I  keep 
my  magazines  on  file  through  the  year, 
but  I  mark  every  article  which  I  care 
to  save  as  I  read  them.  Then,  at  the 
end  of  the  year  I  spend  all  my  spare 
time  for  a  week  or  two  cutting  clippings 
and  filing  them  away.  I  wait  until  the 
end  of  the  year  because  I  loan  my 
magazines  to  friends  and  I  do  not  like 
to  have  them  disfigured  when  they  take 
them  to  read.  As  for  the  case,  your 
uncle  gave  that  to  me  last  Christmas.  I 
like  it  because  I  can  add  new  sections  as 
I  need  them.  Before  I  had  this  case  I 
used  one  which  I  made  myself.  You  see 


“Come,  and  I  will  show  you,”  she-  I  keep  my  patterns  in  it  now,”  and  she 
replied,  leading  the  way  to  her  sewing  drew  back  the  curtains  of  a  case  made 
room.  “There,  ’  she  said,  pointing  to  a  of  grocery  boxes  into  which  she  had 
sectional  bookcase  with  heavily  frosted  fitted  partitions  of  thin  boards.  that 
glass  doors,  “you  see  the  source  of  all  1S  within  the  leach  of  anyone,  I  am 
my  wisdom.  My  small  head  don’t  carry  sujT- 

it  at  all.  It  is,  as  you  will  see,  carefully  What  would  you  take  for  y  our  E  - 
labeled  and  packed  away  in  those  en-  velope  Library  .  I  asked  as  we  returne 

velopes,”  and  she  pushed  back  the  door  to  veranda.  „  „ 

to  one  section,  revealing  a  case  of  Why,  my  dear,  she  began,  y  u  e 

pigeonholes  filled  with  white  envelopes,  I  never  thought  of  sue  i  a  t  iing. 
4^x11  inches  in  size.  “This  is  what  I  wouldn  t  take  anything  for  it,  she  broke 


4^2x1  _ 

call  my  envelope  library,  and  this,” 
throwing  open  the  top  section  and 
pointing  to  two  drawers  which  occupied 
the  width  of  two  pigeonholes  in  the  sec¬ 
tion,  “is  my  card  index.”  The  drawers 
were  filled  with  cards  indexed  in  true 
library  fashion. 

“But  what  is  in  the  envelopes?”  I 
asked. 

“Clippings,”  she  replied.  “I  began 
collecting  them  when  I  was  a  mere  child. 
At  first  l  had  a  -scrap  album,  but  often 
there  were  things  on  both  sides  of  the 
clipping  which  I  wished  to  preserve,  and 
the  scrap  album  would  not  do  unless  I 
purchased  another  paper  or  magazine, 
so  I  took  to  putting  such  things  in  en¬ 
velopes.  After  a  time  I  discarded  the 
scrap  book  entirely  and  placed  all  the 
clippings  in  envelopes.  The  difficulty 
which  arose  then  was  that  I  never  knew 
where  to  find  anything.  After  I  had 
filled  a  dozen  envelopes  the  task  of 
searching  for  some  article  was  too  bur¬ 
densome,  so  I  began  to  label  each  en¬ 
velope,  writing  on  the  outside  the  title 
of  each  clipping  as  I  inserted  it.  This 
worked  well  until  my  clippings  outgrew 
their  envelopes.  Then  I  began  increas¬ 
ing  my  envelopes  and  subjects.  For 
example,  in  place  of  the  one  envelope 
labeled  ‘Cooking  Recipes,’  I  use  many 
envelopes  for  each  department  of  cook¬ 
ery.  There  is  an  envelope  for  every¬ 
thing  to  be  cooked ;  each  kind  of  fruit, 
each  vegetable,  each  variety  of  meat,  has 
an  envelope.  On  my  cards  I  make  a 
note  of  every  clipping  .filed,  giving  the 
title  and  number  of  the  envelope.  As 
the  envelopes  are  arranged  alphabetically 
I  find  it  an  easy  matter  to  locate  any 
clipping  in  a  moment.” 

I  looked  hastily  through  the  card  in¬ 
dex,  and  became  more  and  more  im¬ 
pressed  with  the  possibilities  of  such  a 
system.  The  index  was  quite  complete. 
Under  the  subject  of  Recipes,  I  found 
such  recipes  as  “Chicken  and  Egg  Salad" 
noted  on  three  different  cards  under  the 
headings,  “Chicken,”  “Egg,”  and  “Salad.” 
Each  referred  to  the  same  envelope, 
which  in  this  case  was  “Salads.”  There 
were  five  salad  envelopes,  I  noticed, 
labeled  respectively  “Meat  Salads,’’ 
“Vegetable  Salads,”  “Fish  Salads,’ 
“Fruit  salads,”  “Salads,”  the  last  to  in¬ 
clude  all  salads  not  included  in  the 
others.  There  were  a  number  of  menu 
envelopes,  suggesting  menus  for  almost 
every  occasion  imaginable,  judging 
from  the  topics.  There  were  menus  for 
children’s  parties,  afternoon  parties  and 
teas,  company  breakfasts,  dinners,  and 
suppers,  evening  gatherings,  public  and 
private,  etc.,  etc.  But  the  cookery  and 
household  sections  were  not  all.  There 
was  a  literary  section  holding  clippings 
giving  “Short  Biographies,”  “Travel 
Sketches,”  “Stories  of  Famous  Men,” 
“Poetry,”  “Music  and  Musicians,”  and 
many  more  subjects.  Then  there  was 
the  entertainment  section  with  its  thou¬ 
sands  of  suggestions  for  good  times. 
Public  entertainment  programmes  for 
all  occasions,  parties  to  suit  every  season 
and  occasion,  picnic  plans,  missionary 
programmes  and  socials,  games,  puzzles, 
children’s  parties,  in  short,  every  possi¬ 
ble  form  of  entertainment  seemed  to  be 
represented  in  the  list.  There  was  a  mis¬ 
cellaneous  section  holding  information 
on  a  variety  of  subjects.  Toilet  recipes, 
fancy  articles,  Christmas  suggestions — 
but  you  will  hardl”  care  for  a  continu¬ 
ance  of  the  enumeration.  Enough  has 
been  given  to  suggest  the  possibilities  of 
such  a  plan.  I  understood  now  why 
everyone  called  on  Aunt  Martha  for 
ideas. 

“That  is  splendid,”  I  said,  admiringly, 
“but  not  everyone  can  afford  sectional 
bookcases  fitted  up  like  that,  and  then, 
where  did  you  get  all  your  clippings?” 


off  emphatically. 

“I  should  hardiy  think  you  would,”  I 
said.  “It  is  a  veritable  mine  of  informa¬ 
tion,  but  suppose  you  had  magazines 
which  you  did  not  care  to  destroy'.  I 
have  several  volumes  of  fancy  work 
papers  which  are  a  constant  source  of 
annoyance  to  me,  because  I  never  know 
where  to  find  things  in  them,  and  I  have 
to  look  through  so  many  before  I  run 
across  what  I  want.” 

“The  card  index  will  solve  that  prob¬ 
lem,”  sard  Aunt  Martha.  “Perhaps  you 
noticed  down  in  the  corner  of  some  of 
the  cards  in  my  library  index  the  letters 
X  Y  Z.”  I  had  noticed  them.  “They 
refer  to  a  card  index  which  I  keep  to 
index  just  such  papers  and  books.  They 
show  that  there  is  something  on  the 
same  subject  in  some  paper  or  book 
which  will  be  recorded  in  the  other 
index.”  Just  then  the  minister’s  wife 
came  in  the  gate  and  I  came  in  the 
house. 

“Can  you  suggest  something  to  fill  in 
the  time  which  was  to  have  been  taken 
by  Miss  M —  at  our  missionary  meet¬ 
ing?  You  know  she  is  ill,”  I  heard  her 
ask  as  I  came  through  the  hall.  I  was 
sure  Aunt  Martha  could. 

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We  Sell  cheaper  than  any  other  factory. 

_  TIRES,  Coast.r-Brak.  rear  wheels, 

(amps,  repairs  and  all  sundries  at  half  usual  prices. 
Do  Hot  Walt;  write  today  for  our  special  offer. 

MEAD  CYCLE  CO.,  Dept.  W80,  CHICAGO 


44  Bushels  to  the  Acre 

Is  a  henvy  yield,  but  that’s  what  John  Kennedy  of 


firovince  showed  other  excel- 
ent  results— such  as  4,000  bush¬ 
els  of  wheat  from  120  acres,  or 
33X  bushels  per  acre.  26. 30  and 
40  bushel  yields  were  numerous. 
As  high  as  132  bushels  of  oats  to 
the  acre  were  threshed  from 
Alberta  fields. 

THE  SILVER  CUP 

at  the  recent  Spokane  Fair  was 
awarded  to  the  Alberta  Government 
for  its  exhibit  of  grains,  grasses  and  vege¬ 
tables,  Reports  of  excellent  yields  for  1910 
come  also  from  Saskatchewan  and  Manitoba 
ail  in  Western  Canada. 

Free  Homesteads  of  160  acres, 
and  adjoining  pre-emptions  of  160 
acres  (at  $3  per  acre),  are  to  be  had 
in  the  choicest  districts. 

Schools  convenient,  climate  ex¬ 
cellent,  soil  of  the  very  best,  rail- 
wny8clo8eathand,buildinfi:Iumber 
cheap,  fuel  easy  to  get  and  reason¬ 
able  in  price,  water  easily  procured, 
mixed  farming:  a  success. 

Writo  as  to  best  placo  for  settlement,  set¬ 
tlers’ low  railway  rates,  pamphlet  “Last  Best 
West”  and  other  information,  to  Supt.  of  Im- 
mig. ,  Ottawa,  Can. ,  or  to  Can.  Gov’t  Agt.  (54) 

Supt.  of  Immigration,  Ottawa,  Canada,  or 
Canadian  Government  Agent,  30  Syracuse 
Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


Victor-Victrola 


Victor-Victrola  X 
$75 

Mahogany  or  oak 


Victor-Victrola  XI,  $100 

Mahogany  or  oak 

Victor-Victrola  XIV,  $  1 50 

Mahogany  or  oak 
with  racks  for  records 


The  most  wonderful  of 
all  musical  instruments 

The  Victor-Victrola  pos¬ 
sesses  all  the  virtues  of  the 
famous  Victor,  but  has  im¬ 
proved  sound  amplifying-  sur¬ 
faces  instead  of  a  horn  and 
all  moving  parts  are  entirely 
concealed. 

And  it  has  a  pure  and  mel¬ 
low  tone-quality  such  as  is 
possessed  by  no  other  in¬ 
strument. 

Hear  the  Victor-Victrola  today  at 
the  nearest  Victor  dealer’s.  At  least 
write  us  for  complete  catalogs. 

Victor  Talking  Machine  Co. 

20th  and  Cooper  Sts.,  Camden,  N.  J. 


Berliner  Gramophone  Co.,  Montreal 
Canadian  Distributors 


]Look  for  the 
\  Victor  dog 
^  on  the  lid  of  N 
every  Victor-Victrola 


Mis  MaslcrsXoicC/ 


1811. 

The  Michigan  Woman  on  Summer 
Boarders. 

A  discussion  of  Summer  boarders  on 
a  farm  leads  me  to  add  my  observa¬ 
tions,  if  not  my  experience,  for  I  live 
near  Lake  Michigan  where  thousands 
of  Chicago  people  cross  over  and  spend 
a  vacation  in  our  sand  and  fruit  trees. 
The  city  woman  has  so  many  con¬ 
veniences  in  the  nearby  shops,  the  street 
car,  the  gas,  electricity,  city  water  and 
such  things  that  she  little  knows  what 
she  entails  on  her  hostess  by  her  re¬ 
quests  and  requirements.  As  a  rule, 
she  is  unwilling  to  pay  what  it  is 
worth,  for  the  time  that  is  lost  in  get¬ 
ting  back  and  forth,  the  expense  of  the 
trip  and  the  expenses  that  go  on,  like 
rent  and  such  things,  all  are  counted 
out  of  the  board.  The  children  of  city 
parents  transported  to  the  farm  miss 
the  companionship  of  the  neighborhood 
children.  They  are  less  resourceful 
when  obliged  to  play  alone  and  they 
give  their  mother  and  the  hostess  a 
“merry  chase.”  It  is  hard  for  grown¬ 
ups  and  children  to  adjust  themselves 
to  such  a  different  way  of  living,  dis¬ 
satisfaction  grows  aided  by  lonesome¬ 
ness  and  strangeness  and  quietness, 
“nothing  doing,”  the  rush  and  hurry 
of  city  life  all  removed — is  it  any  won¬ 
der  my  lady  hurries  back  to  her  own 
home,  leaving  the  farmer’s  family  lit¬ 
tle  better  off  in  purse,  but  long  on  ex¬ 
perience?  If  she  goes  into  a  Summer 
hotel  regular  fixed  rates  are  charged, 
her  wants  are  anticipated  (or  not 
worried  over),  she  does  not  lack  com¬ 
panionship  and  if  she  dare  take  chil- ' 
dren  there,  they  have  their  own  quar¬ 
ters  and  caretakers  and  separate  din¬ 
ing-rooms.  To  take  boarders  with  sat¬ 
isfaction  to  all  and  to  make  something 
one  should  charge  at  least  a  dollar  a 
day,  several  should  be  entertained  and 
enough  should  be  engaged  to  keep  the 
house  full  throughout  the  season.  The 
woman  who  undertakes  to  care  for 
boarders  should  have  little  care  be¬ 
sides;  the  mother  of  little  children  or 
one  who  is  not  strong  should  not  at¬ 
tempt  it.  She  should  have  an  accom¬ 
modating  husband  and  one  who  will  do 
his  share  as  well  as  tell  “how  much  we 
made”  and  spend  the  money.  She  should 
have  a  good  garden  and  plenty  of  fruit, 
or  get  both  direct  from  the  grower.  She 
should  be  able  to  serve  young  chickens 
and  fresh  eggs;  if  city  people  go  into 
the  country  it  is  for  farm  food  and 
and  these  should  be  provided. 

That  city  people  have  been  imposed 
upon  by  farmers  who  advertised  and 
accepted  them  when  not  able  to  give 
them  ordinary  accommodations,  we  all 
know.  They  cannot  eat  the  farm,  or 
breathe  the  air  if  a  barnyard  is  near 
and  flies  plentiful.  Mosquitoes  are  ter¬ 
rible  here  in  Michigan  at  times.  They 
should  be  subdued  or  checked  by 
porches  screened  or  mentioned  when 
arrangements  are  made.  Canned  goods 
are  the  city  dwellers’  year  round  food, 
and  should  not  be  on  the  farm  table. 
Stale  eggs  and  thin  milk  are  not  apt  to 
keep  or  bring  back  boarders.  If  one 
takes  a  large  number  of  boarders,  say 
10  or  more,  one  can  let  the  less  desir¬ 
able  ones  go  and  select  the  ones  for 
another  year  that  are  easily  suited,  that 
are  appreciative  and  one  can  know  what 
kind  of  people  are  coming.  Those  who 
have  failed  at  keeping  boarders  are 
those  who  rush  into  it  and  out  of  it 
with  little  experience,  and  those  who 
try  to  make  too  much  for  the  time 
being.  It  is  like  other  business,  “not 
built  in  a  day,”  one  season  may  be  only 
a  preparation  for  another  very  satis¬ 
factory  one,  while  in  itself  very  dis¬ 
appointing.  “Learn  to  do  by  doing” 
applies  to  this  as  to  other  tasks ;  no 
one  should  feel  she  has  mastered  it  in 
one  season  or  with  one  family.  The 
secret  is  to  charge  enough  to  cover 
one's  expenses,  one’s  time,  the  wear 
and  tear  on  household  goods,  and  to 
put  one’s  own  interests  largely  aside;  it 
can  t  be  done  as  a  side  issue. 

Satisfactory  help  is  scarce.  Girls  can 
have  their  choice  of  many  good  places. 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


46 


Why  should  they  engage  to  work  where 
exacting  city  boarders  expect  “40  trips 
upstairs”  when  one  is  tired.  If  one 
cannot  take  a  girl  into  partnership,  re¬ 
alizing  her  work  is  an  asset  as  well  as 
the  rooms  and  the  poultry  products, 
better  depend  on  daughters  or  labor- 
saving  machines,  for  hired  girls  have 
a  habit  of  deciding  to  leave  or  have  a 
sick  mother  or  something  equally  dis¬ 
turbing  when  hot  weather  and  boarders 
are  at  the  other  end  of  the  plank. 

City  children  we  know  are  in  a  very 
unnatural  environment.  When  they  get 
to  the  country  with  its  freedom  from 
“cops”  and  dangers,  they  seem  to  let 
loose  their  pent-up  energies,  inquisi¬ 
tiveness  and  lawlessness.  It  is  a  great 
trial  to  those  who  see  property  de¬ 
stroyed  and  pet  animals  mistreated. 
This  should  be  spoken  of  when  engag¬ 
ing  boarders,  for  some  mothers  do  not 
realize  the  depredations  their  children 
are  committing,  being  ignorant  of 
country  life  themselves.  Some  women, 
like  some  hens,  make  poor  mothers, 
that  kind  should  be  avoided  in  tak¬ 
ing  them  into  one’s  home,  for  their 
stay  will  not  be  satisfactory.  Were  I 
to  take  Summer  boarders  I  should 
stock  up  with  medicine,  by  a  physician’s 
instructions,  of  such  kinds  liable  to  be 
needed,  with  plain  directions  for  adults 
and  children.  A  change  of  water,  food 
and  other  things,  a  lack  of  excitement 
and  anxiety  all  tend  to  work  physical 
changes.  Then  there  is  the  possible 
accident  and  no  doctor  near !  The 
mother  who  brings  children  into 
the  country  should  be  asked  to 
bring  her  own  physician’s  remedies 
for  such  things  as  they  may  need. 
There  are  prickly  heat,  sunburn,  mos¬ 
quitoes  and  the  ever-present  stomach 
ache  where  green  apples  and  cucum¬ 
bers  may  abound.  This  precaution 
would  save  many  a  shortened  vacation 
and  disappointment  to  all  concerned. 
A  profusion  of  flowers  and  being  able 
to  pick  freely  will  help  wonderfully, 
and  annuals  should  be  planted  and 
cared  for.  A  steady  horse  for  them 
to  drive  will  add  to  their  pleasure  and 
the  pleasure  they  give,  for  who  does 
not  want  to  give  satisfaction  in  ex¬ 
change  for  money.  This  is  a  good 
place  to  remember  the  Golden  Rule 
and  try  to  give  the  square  deal.  Many 
of  our  valuable  friends  came  by  acci¬ 
dent,  and  who  can  tell  but  in  doing 
the  right  thing  by  a  city  woman  we 
may  not  be  making  lifelong  friends, 
such  friends  as  mere  money  and  pros¬ 
perity  do  not  bring  to  us  ? 

A  MICHIGAN  WOMAN. 


and  looked  as  good  as  new.  The  lovely 
cloak  was  for  Baby  John's  christening, 
and  he  looked  very  sweet  indeed  as  he 
pulled  at  the  beautiful  lace  with  his 
chubby  hands  and  looked  up  at  the  good 
old  minister,  as  the  solemn  words  of 
baptism  were  pronounced.  f. 


BOYHOOD 


AND 


Making  Over  to  Advantage. 


“Here,  Huldah,  are  some  things  to 
make  over  for  the  children,”  said 
Mother  as  she  tucked  a  big  bundle  into 
the  buggy  just  as  Huldah  was  starting 
for  home. 

The  bundle  contained,  among  other 
things,  a  dress  of  cream  white  wool 
henrietta  cloth  with  trimming  of  fine 
wide  lace  and  satin  ribbon.  The  skirt 
was  somewhat  soiled,  so  Huldah  ripped 
that  and  colored  it  dark  red  with  crim¬ 
son  dye.  There  was  enough  material 
in  the  skirt  to  cut  one  of  the  long  waist- 
ed  princess  models  with  pleated  skirt 
for  her  little  daughter.  That  was  easy 
for  a  “making  over’’  process.  It  is  al¬ 
ways  more  work  to  “make  over”  than 
to  make  up  new  material.  But  the  waist 
taxed  Huldah’s  ingenuity,  and  from  it 
she  evolved  the  seemingly  impossible,  a 
baby  coat  or  cloak  of  ample  size  for 
Baby  John.  The  old-fashioned  large 
puffed  sleeves  were  immense,  really,  and 
they  made  the  skirt  ot  the  cloak  and  the 
little  coat  sleeves  besides.  The  capote 
was  fashioned  from  the  back  and  fronts 
of  the  waist,  and  the  yoke  pieced  from 
them,  too.  The  piecings  were  scarcely 
noticeable  in  the  capote,  and  in  the  yoke  1 
were  hidden  by  the  ribbon  and  lace 
trimming.  The  fine  cotton  lining  that 
was  in  the  waist  and  sleeves  was  used 
to  line  the  cloak,  though  Huldah  was 
sorely  tempted  to  buy  some  silk  for 
that.  The  waist  material  was  carefully 
washed  of  course  before  making  up, 


Stewed  Red  Cabbage. — Cut  one  red 
cabbage  into  thin  slices,  put  them  into  a 
stewpan  with  a  small  slice  of  ham  cut  in 
dice,  one-half  ounce  of  butter,  half  a 
pint  of  weak  stock  or  broth  and  a  gill 
of  vinegar.  Cover  the  pan  closely  and 
stew  for  one  hour.  When  very  tender 
add  another  half  pint  of  stock,  pepper 
and  salt  to  taste  and  one  tablespoonful 
of  powdered  sugar,  mix  well  together, 
stir  over  the  fire  until  nearly  all  the 
liquor  has  dried  away  and  serve  with 
fried  sausages  as  a  garnish. 

Stuffed  Potatoes  with  Hamburg  Gravy. 
— Bake  one  dozen  good-sized  potatoes. 
When  done  cut  off  a  cap  at  one  end  of 
each,  remove  inside,  mash  and  mix  with 
it  one  tablespoon  of  butter,  one  table¬ 
spoon  of  onion  (minced),  a  teaspoon  of 
salt  and  a  saltspoon  of  pepper.  Stuff 
the  skins  and  put  back  in  the  oven  for 
30  minutes.  For  the  Hamburg  gravy  cook 
one-half  pound  Hamburg  steak,  add  to  it 
a  cup  of  water,  a  tablespoon  of  chopped 
onion  and  a  teaspoon  of  salt;  thicken  | 
with  a  dessertspoon  of  flour  and  a  table- 
spoon  of  butter. 

Priscilla  Cream  Roll. — Pare  and  chop 
fine  six  medium-sized  raw  potatoes. 
Season  with  half  teaspoonful  of  salt,  a 
teaspoon ful  of  onion  juice,  a  dash  of 
cayenne,  and  add  just  enough  cream 
sauce  to  bind  them  together.  Put  them 
into  a  buttered  shallow  baking  dish 
and  place  in  a  moderately  hot  oven  in  a 
pan  of  hot  water.  Cook  until  the  pota¬ 
toes  are  done;  then  roll  them  over  like 
an  omelet,  let  them  stand  a  few  minutes 
linger,  but  do  not  let  them  brown.  Turn 
out  on  a  heated  dish  and  garnish  with 
parsley  and  broiled  ham. 


ALCOHOL 


There  are  some  things  too 
awful  to  contemplate — one 
is  the  giving  of  alcohol  in  the 
guise  of  medicine  to  boys. 
We  believe 

Scott’s  Emulsion 

is  the  only  preparation  of 
Cod  Liver  Oil  that  contains 
absolutely  no  alcohol,  drug 
or  harmful  ingredient  of 
any  sort. 


ALL  DRUGGISTS 


Has  a  Host  »f 

Imitators, 

Imitations 

Have  limitations 


|  Get  Genuine  "Sun”  Lamps  and  “Sun"  Hollow  Wire 
1  System.  Safe— permitted  by  insurance  underwriters. 
Easy  to  instal  j  lights  like  gas,  brilliant  beautiful  light. 
Burns  gasoline.  Cheaper  than  electricity ,  gas.  kerosene. 
Two  weeks'  trial;  guarantee  bond.  Catalog,  ic3  styles 
fixtures,  $2.25  UP*  No  agents— sold  direct. 


SUN  VAPOR 
LIGHT 
CO. 


1116  Market 
Street 
Canton,  0. 


NEW  YORK  PRICES  ARE  LOWEST 


★ 

★ 


R.  H.  MACY  &  CO.  Establish  Prices  in  New  York 


penses.  transportation  charges,  etc.,  which  are  a  part  of  the  prices  asked  in  usual  retail  stores  If 
you  want  to  do  so  you  can  make  a  big  saving  this  year  and  at  the  same  time  have  better  things 
to  eat.  to  wear,  and  to  use.  Send  a  postal  card  to  learn  by  return  mail  how  to  make  this  saving 

LIVE  BETTER  AND  AT  LOWER  COST  R.  H.  Macy  &  Co.  quote  lower  prices 

vrSm«fcoTteMhanfi3f'l  Wa  |eifher  mi>nufact"re  ou,;.own  ff.ood?  secure  them  at  fireThands0^  we  pass  them  on  to  you 
at  mere  cost  of  materials  and  Labor  with  our  one  small  margin  of  profit  added.  Our  prices  are  so  low  that  even  merchants 
'VTldcr  ,  ',ow  we  ')°  }*■  n°n't  take  our  word  for  it— see  for  yourself.  We  issue  a  big  catalogue  filled  from  cover  to 
cover  with  a  wonderful  variety  of  every  kind  of  merchandise,  which  we  sell  at  prices  below  those  quoted  by  any  other 
dealer  at  home  or  elsewhere.  We  will  send  you  a  copy  free  and  postpaid  if  you  write  a  letter  or  postal  card  and 
avYIor  *  ou  waste  money  every  day  you  get  along 
without  this  free  book.  Write  for  it  to-day. 


Send  for  Catalogue  No.  801 

R.  H.  Macy  &  Co.  New  York 


★ 

★ 


★★★★★★★★★★★★★ 


Treat  your 
plants  right! 


Use,  Sunlight 
Double  Glass 
Sash 


A  5/e  inch  leaver  of  dry  still  eJr.  between  th  etwo/zye^of 

the  coldest  weoitheti 

This  transparent  blanket  eliminates  all  mats,  “10  below  zero.  Plantnunder  Sunlight  Sash  un¬ 
boards  or  coverings  of  any  kind,  and  does  away  “urt.the  saih  were  not  covered.-’  Writs  us  for 
with  the  hard  work  Agents  offer. 


Double  GIclss  Sash 


with  the  hard  wor 

a..  Plants  get  all  the  light  all  thetime 

IU  which  makes  them  grow  faster  and  sturdier  and 
puts  them  on  the  market  weeks  in  advance  of 
those  grown  under  single  glass  sash.  Glass  is  held 
in  place  without  putty.  Can’t  work  loose.  Easily 
replaced. 

lO  degrees  below  zero 

Wilmer  A.  Lyon, Lyndonville,  Vermont,  writes: 

SUNLIGHT  DOUBLE  GLASS  SASH  CO.,  (Inc. 


Agents  offer. 

Get  these  two  books  : 

1,  Our  free  catalog.  Containing  freight  prepaid 

and  guaranteed  delivery  — 

proposition. 

2.  Send  4c  In  stamps  for  a 
valuable  booklet  on  hot¬ 
bed  and  cold-frame  gar¬ 
dening  by  Prof.  W.  F. 

Massey. 


934:  E.  Broadway, 
Louisville.  Ky. 


W/S- 


Precious  Lives  in  the  Country  are  Saved  from  Death 

Telephone  and  Get  the  Doctor  in  Half  the  Time  You  Can  by  Riding. 

And  He  Will  Tell  You  What  to  Do  till  He  Comes. 

_ r  aoii!es  ti?.e  Neighlxirs  for  Fire— Warns  the  People  of  Thieves— Tells  You  the  Markets  Daily— Calls  the  Doctor  Quickly 

Errands*1  VlSlt  Whle  lt;  Rains— Tells  the  Weather  Forecast— Summons  your  Harvest  Laborers— Saves  You  Countless 

A  Dean  Telephone  in  Your  Country  Home  Costs  Only  lc  a  Week. 

Every  Country  Home  Will  Soon  Have  a  Telephone;  Over  500,000  Miles  of  Farm  Telephone  Wires  Now  in  Use  in  U.  S. 

Let  a  Dean  ’Phone  Do  It  for  You.  Send  for  Free  Booklet  and  Plan. 

Address— THE  DEAN  ELECTRIC  CO.,  1305  TAYLOR  STREET,  ELYRIA,  OHIO 


^\V;\\'S1 


A 

,w»;  «*v 


''"'mu ' 


******** 


40 


THE  RURAIi  NEW -YORKER 


January  14, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

HENS  AGAINST  COWS. 

On  page  1206  W.  J.  Dougan  makes  a  re¬ 
markable  statement  about  his  hens.  He 
says  he  will  match  10  hens  against  two 
cows.  What  does  he  mean  by  such  talk? 
It  is  the  biggest  hen  talc  yet.  j.  s.  p. 

We  asked  Mr.  Dougan  to  chop  his 
statements  up  finer,  and  he  sends  us  the 
following.  We  expect  to  have  later  the 
whole  story  with  a  description  of  the 
henhouse : 

Those  $9  Hens. 

Before  writing  anything  about  poultry 
or  cows  let  me  say  three  things :  I  have 
no  book  for  sale.  I  am  exploiting  no 
system.  I  am  seeking  no  free  adver¬ 
tising.  Those  being  understood,  I  will 
admit  that  the  contest  looks  unequal  on 
its  face,  and,  I  know,  could  not  be  con¬ 
sidered  rational  when  some  cows  are 
considered.  With  proper  handling  10 
hens  will  do  lots.  You  evidently  don’t 
know  this  neighborhood,  or  you  would 
never  think  of  anyone  accepting  the 
challenge.  I  have  some  extra  jiice 
poultry,  and  I  never  thought  that  $9.89 
a  head  per  year,  was  anything  extra. 
At  the  time  we  did  that,  we  were  com¬ 
plaining  of  our  “ill  luck,”  as  it  was 
impossible  to  get  a  decent  hatching,  just 
think,  only  700  chicks  from  2,740  eggs. 
That  is  the  best  we  could  do  in  1909. 

I  think  the  only  secret  is  in  the  select¬ 
ing,  as  I  find  only  about  one  in  five 
•really  worth  the  trouble  of  keeping.  I 
have  read  most  of  the  poultry  books, 
and  then  did  as  I  thought  best,  and  I 
find  that  good  common  sense  will  do 
wonders. 

We  have  a  poultry  house  which  I  con¬ 
sider  a  gem,  or  a  wonder ;  it  is  won¬ 
derful  for  simplicity,  and  for  conveni¬ 
ence  beats  anything  I  ever  saw.  It  is 
open  front,  except  for  two-inch  wire 
netting.  Inside  we  have  muslin  cur¬ 
tains,  eight  by  six  feet,  which  swing 
up  against  the  roof.  It  is  now  136 
feet  in  length,  and  56  feet  more  build¬ 
ing,  with  f:ed  room  on  east  end.  It  is 
divided  by  wire  partitions,  two-inch 
mesh.  Some  sections  have  three  cur¬ 
tains,  some  only  two,  as  we  were  gov¬ 
erned  by  the  rows  of  apple  trees.  Three 
cuytains,  24  feet,  we  allow  90  Wyan¬ 
dotte  hens,  or  just  enough  to  fill  two 
roosts.  The  house  is  15  feet  wide,  no 
floor,  only  sand  on  top  of  the  earth  to 
fill  up  about  six  inches  higher  than  the 
ground  outside.  Meat,  oyster  shells, 
grit  and  charcoal  hoppers  hang  on  the 
back  and  partitions,  and  bran  box  on 
the  floor  where  it  can  be  reached  on 
four  sides.  Water  arrangement  will  be 
improved  next  Spring,  as  it  will  be 
piped  to  the  house.  The  above  things 
are  always  on  hand.  I  have  never  used 
a  mash,  either  wet  or  dry,  since  1907. 
Feed  oats  for  breakfast  (in  litter) 
wheat,  barley  or  screenings,  with  now 
and  then  some  buckwheat  for  lunch, 
just  to  keep  them  busy,  and  cracked 
corn  at  night,  and  all  they  want  of  it, 
too.  I  claim  no  “system”  except  regu¬ 
larity  in  the  care. 

We  keep  two  breeds,  White  Wyan- 
dottes  and  Single  Comb  White  Leg¬ 
horns.  The  way  we  make  so  much  is 
simple.  We  get  more  than  35  cents  of 
the  consumer’s  dollar,  in  fact,  we  get 
nearly  all  of  it,  as  we  sell  all  eggs  di¬ 
rect  to  private  families  and  at  top  price, 
and  cannot  begin  to  supply  the  trade 
that  comes  to  us,  having  turned  away 
orders  for  as  many  as  105  dozen  per 
week.  We  take  orders  for  a  stated 
yearly  price  so  must  count  on  \\  inter 
eggs,  and  I  have  had  them  every  Win¬ 
ter  with  exception  of  Winter  of  tqo6, 
my  first  Winter  at  this  business.  This 
farm  is  one  that  was  abandoned  and  has 
48  acres  (46  too  much  for  a  poultry 
farm),  and  more  than  2,000  fruit  trees, 
so  you  can  form  your  own  idea  about 
the  cause  of  the  others  failing.  We  are 
increasing  facilities  as  fast  as  we  can, 
as  the  call  for  stock  and  eggs  is  too 
great  to  turn  away.  The  price  for  eggs 
just  now  is  all  that  a  poor  man  can 
pay ;  but  I  don’t  deal  with  the  market 
at  all,  except  for  surplus  chickens.  Each 
egg,  when  shipped,  is  wrapped  in  paper 
before  being  packed.  We  stand  all 
breakage,  unless  it  exceeds  one  dozen, 
and  then  the  express  company  stands 
it.  I  deal  with  the  United  States  Ex¬ 
press  Company,  and  have  no  complaint 
to  offer,  as  they  always  pay  claims,  al¬ 
though  it  usually  takes  five  months.*  I 
am  sending  you  a  seal  I  use  on  each 
case,  that  being  about  the  _  only  way  I 
know  to  insure  no  substitution. 

I  am  greatly  opposed  to  spreading 
great  stories  about  the  profits  in  poultry, 
as  I  think  it  does  great  injury.  The 
ones  who  partly  handle  poultry  only 
smile  and  say  it  is  a  lie.  The  inexperi¬ 
enced  swallow  everything  whole,  never 
looking  or  thinking  of  the  reverse  side 
of  the  case,  and  jump  in.  It  figures  up 
so  easily,  if  100  hens  can  earn  $900,  5,000 


can  do  so  much  more.  Your  fortune 
made  while  you  wait.  I  shall,  no  doubt, 
be  interested  in  any  controversy  the 
statement  stirs  up,  although  I  intended 
nothing  of  that  sort  when  I  wrote  you, 
but  I  stand  for  the  statement,  and  I 
know  from  reading  The  R.  N.-Y.  that 
you  present  things  to  readers  in  proper 
light.  w.  j.  DOUGAN. 

New  Jersey. 

A  Cow  Man  Talks. 

If  I  were  a  neighbor  of  W.  J.  Dou¬ 
gan  I  surely  would  put  two  cows  up 
against  his  10  hens.  A  little  more  than 
a  year  ago  we  began  to  keep  records  of 
milk  production,  of  our  individual  cows, 
and  while  I  find  that  some  in  a  dairy  of 
15  return  us  as  little  as  $60,  I  can  se¬ 
lect  two  that  are  ahead  of  Mr.  Dougan’s 
10  hens.  No.  1  gave  9,059  pounds  of 
milk,  which  sold  for  $143.02,  delivered 
at  the  receiving  station.  Her  calf  was 
raised,  and  we  valued  it  at  $5  when  we 
weaned  it,  making  $148.02  gross  returns. 
No.  2  gave  8,213  pounds  of  milk,  worth 
$133.75.  Valuing  the  calf  as  above 
would  make  the  gross,  returns  $138.75. 
These  are  grade  Holstein  and  I  have  no 
doubt  can  be  beaten.  The  best  lesson  I 
have  learned  by  keeping  records  is  that 
it  does  not  pay  to  keep  the  poor  cows. 

P.  ALLEN  CLOUD. 

Chester  Co.,  Penn. 


Mange, 

Is  there  any  cure  for  mange  in  a  dog? 
I  have  a  dog  that  has  had  it  for  about  a 
year.  Do  you  think  it  is  past  curing?' 

New  Jersey.  W.  T. 

There  are  different  forms  of  mange,  and 
one  has  to  treat  for  each  kind  in  a  dif¬ 
ferent  way.  The  case  should  prove  curable, 
but  we  are  unable  to  prescribe  intelligently, 
not  knowing  whether  it  is  parasitic  mange 
or  “red  mange”  (eczema).  If  the  dog  is 
a  valuable  animal  better  take  him  to  an 
expert  in  canine  practice.  If  you  do  not 
care  to  do  so,  give  us  a  full  description 
of  the  case,  symptoms,  condition  present, 
manner  of  management  and  feeding  and 
say  what  treatment  has  failed.  If  you  do 
so  we  may  be  able  to  give  advice,  a.  s.  a. 


Heaves. 


Is  there  any  cure  for  a  horse  with 
heaves?  I  have  one  among  our  stock  that 
has  become  pretty  bad,  has  had  it  several 
years.  We  have  been  giving  him  different 
kinds  of  medicine,  but  all  of  no  use.  I 
have  heard  that  there  is  no  cure  for 
heaves,  but  also  heard  you  can  relieve  a 
horse  for  some  time,  provided  he  gets  the 
right  sort  of  treatment.  This  horse  is 
about  20  years  of  age.  a.  j.  c. 

New  York. 

As  the  horse  does  not  cough  it  is  most 
likelv  that  he  is  a  “roarer”  (laryngeal 
hemiplegia)  and  in  that  case  he  might 
work  comfortably  after  insertion  of  a  per¬ 
manent  tracheotomy  tube  in  his  windpipe. 
A  qualified  veterinarian  could  perform  the 
necessary  operation.  If  the  flanks  heave 
when  the  horse  stands  at  rest  the  trouble 
is  “heaves”  and  roaring  may  be  an  ac¬ 
companiment.  Wet  all  food.  Prefer  oat 
straw  to  hay  in  Winter  and  grass  as  the 
only  food  in  Summer.  Do  not  work  him 
soon  after  a  meal.  Dive  half  an  ounce  of 
Fowler’s  solution  of  arsenic  night  and 
morning  after  a  few  smaller  preliminary 
doses.  a.  s.  a 


Costs  Nothing 
To  Try, 

Costs  Little  to  Own 


A  SHARPLES 
Tubular  Cream 
Separator 


Without  expense  to  you,  our  local  representa¬ 
tive  will  put  the  world-iamous  Dairy  Tubular 
into  your  home  for  thorough,  free  trial. 

Remember!  Dairy 
Tubulars  are  later  than 
and  different  from  othci  s 
—no  disks  or  other  con¬ 
traptions— a  b  s  o  1  u  t  e  1  y 
simple— wear  a  lifetime- 
guaranteed  forever.  The 
average  life  of  (so  called) 
cheap  machines  is  one 
year.  Cheaper  to 
buyaTubular.and 
use  it  a  lifetime, 
than  spendhundredsof  dollars 
for  inferior  machines  which 
wear  out  quickly  and  lose 
their  cost  in  wasted  cream 
time  after  time. 

Whyshouldyou  pay  freight, 
or  anything  else,  or  waste 
time  on  any  “mailorder”  or 
other  inferior  machine, 
when  you  can  get  The  World’s  Best 
in  your  home  town  for  free  trial  ? 
America’s  oldest  and  world’s 
biggest  separator  concern  offers 
ou  it  costs  less  to  own  a 
Tubular  than 
any  other. 

Write  for 
1911  catalogue 
No.  153,  and 
free  trial. 


to  show  you 


THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO. 

WEST  CilEsi’LK,  PA. 


Okleago,  Ill.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Portland,  Ore, 
Toronto,  Can.,  Winnipeg,  Can. 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES. ^fze  ^ 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  Dow.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Proprietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


I 


AJAX  FLAKES 

THIS  valuable  distillers’  grain 
contains  about  31%  protein, 
13%  fat.  It  is  twice  as  strong  as 
bran.  You  cannot  make  milk 
economically  if  you  use  bran. 
One  pound  of  AJAX  FLAKES 
does  the  work  of  two  pounds  of 
bran,  and  saves  $14.00  per  ton. 

AJAX  FLAKES 

holds  hundreds  of  official  records  and 
many  world’s  records.  It  is  used  and 
recommended  by  Cornell  Agricultural 
College,  Pennsylvania  State  College 
and  prominent  breeders.  You  should 
lay  in  your  supply  now. 

Send  for  Feeders'  Hand  Book  ■with 
tables  and.  feeding  instructions. 

BEWARE  OF  IMITATIONS 

CHAPIN  &  CO., Seneca  and  Main  Sts., Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


NEWTON’S  HEAVE 

COUCH,  DISTEMPER^* I  IDE1  m 
AND  INDIGESTION  vUI\L  g 

The  Standard  Veterinary  Remedy.  12 


Makes  the  horse  sound,  stay  sound 

DEATH  TO  HEAVES 

The  first  or  second  $1.00  can  cures.  The  third  can 
is  guaranteed  to  cure  or  money  refunded. 

$1.00  per  can  at  dealers,  or  express  prepaid. 

THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO.,  Toledo.  Obi* 


euc 


33 


0  3NTS 


□ 


THE  PERCHERON  SOCIETY  OF  AMERICA 

Has  just  increased  its  capital  stock  to 
$100,000.  10,000  shares  of  $10  each.  3,000 

shareholders,  Nov.  28,  1910.  100  breeders 

have  taken  membership  since  Dec.  1st. 
Ninety-five  per  cent  of  the  Percheron 
breeders  of  America  record  with  the 
Percheron  Society.  ***** 
Information  pertaining  Percherons  furnished.  Address 

WAYNE  DIXSMORE,  Secretary, 
Union  Stock  Yards,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Pfj  Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
OU  at  farmers'  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station.  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O. 


THICK,  SWOLLEN  GLANDS 


that  make  a  horse  Wheeze, 
Roar,  have  Thick  Wind,  or 
Choke-down,  can  be  re¬ 
moved  with 


ABsor 


BINE 


or  any  Bunch  or  Swelling, 

NTo  blister,  no  hairl 
gone,  and  horse  kept  at. 
work.  $2.00  per  bottle,  de-| 
livered.  Book  3  D  free. 

ABSORBINE,JR.,for  - 

mankind.  $1.00,  delivered.  Reduces  Goitre,  Tumors, 
Wens,  Varicose  Veins,  Ulcers,  Hydrocele,  Varico- 
celo.  Book  free.  Made  only  by 

W.  F.  YOUNG,  P.  D.  F.,  88  Temple  St.,  Springfield,  Mass. 


DA.I 


Y  CATTLE 


M51,  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  youngbulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somerville,  N.  J. 


SHETLAND 

PONIES 

free.  BELLE  MEADE 


Unceasing  source  of  pleasure 
and  robust  health  to  children. 
Ideal  playmates.  Safe.  Inex¬ 
pensive  to  keep.  Stallions  and 
mares  for  breeding.  Complete 
outfits  Illustrated  catalog 
FARM.  DEPT.  S.  MARKHAM.  VA. 


KENTUCKY  MAMMOTH  JACKS,  JEN¬ 
NETS  and  SADDLE  HORSES. 

Wo  are  the  Largest  P.reeders  in  America  of  Mam¬ 
moth  Jacks.  Hampshire  and  Tamworth  hogs.  Stock 
of  all  ages  for  sale.  J.  F.  COOK  &  CO.,  Lexington,  Ky. 

I  i  JS  XU  33  33  n 


Woodland  Dorsets 

Woodland  Dorsets  have  been  sold  into  practically 
eveiy  State  in  the  Union,  and  are  giving  satisfac 
tion.  I  can  spare  fifty  head  of  splendid  ewes,  all 
of  them  bred  to  a  very  fine  ram. 

CHAS.  B.  WING,  Mechanlcsburg,  Ohio. 

—  100  yearling  ewes;  40 
yearling  rams.  Price  and 
FRED  VAN  VLEET,  LODI.  N.Y. 


SHR0PSHIRES 

breeding  right. 


SWIUE 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


ONTARIO  VAN  FRIESLAND  DE  KOL 

BULL  CALF,  three  months  old;  sire,  America 
De  Kol  Burke;  dam,  Woodcrest  Van  Friesland, 
over  21  pounds.  Price,  $75  crated  f.  o.  b. 
Charlotte.  Send  for  details. 

CLOVER  HALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

C.  S.  Hunt,  Owner  John  J.  Eden.  Manager 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEI N-FRI  ESI  AN  ASS’N  OF  AMERICA 
K.L.  HOUGHTON. SEC' Y.BOX  1 0S.BRATTLEBO  RO.  VT. 


k /ow  dt°h  n°t  Fern’s  Jubilee  No.  73852 

A.  J.  C.  C.,  is  one  of  the  best  “butter  bred”  bulls 
in  the  world,  investigate.  Then  order  one  of  his 
young  sons  before  it  is  too  late.  Nothing  over  three 
months  old  on  hand  at  present.  Address 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  -:-  Laurel  Farm,  -:-  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 


Galloways  at  beef  prices.  Buying  feed,  will  have 

— —  ■  no  room  on  grass.  Either  sex,  all 

ages,  for  sale.  CHAMBERLIN  &  SON,  Flat  Rock,  Mich. 


Breed  Up— Not  DowirfcT 

X .  D...,  Vr.  Krvt 


rsey  Bull  Calves 
can  afford  to 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  U.  F. 
SHANNON,  007  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Millr  Pundiirprc  for  New  York  City  market 
lUllft  riUUUOClN  desiring  information  how  to 
form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 


nilPflPC  THE  mG’  I>EEP  FELLOWS 

UUnUUO  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SIIENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 

CHELD0N  FARM  registered  Duroes.  Pigs  of  both  sex.* 
«  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNES,  Oxford,  N.  Y. 

A  BERKSHIRE  OR  DUROC  PIG  given  for  a 
d  few  hours  of  your  time.  Stamp  for  particulars. 
PENNA.  BERKSHIRE  CO.,  Fannettsburg,  Pa, 

LARGE  BERKSHIRES 

Sows  bred  for  spring  farrow.  August  and 
September  pigs  from  litters  averaging  ten. 

.  .  .  Catalogue  on  application  .  .  . 

WILLOUGHBY  FARM,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

I  ARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD-m 

ea*-h  oi  th«*  lust  three  volumes  ot  American  Berkshire  Record 
we  sold  ami  registered  more  Berkshires  than  any  other  breeder 
in  the  United  States.  The  large  proportion  went  to  old  euatom- 
ers.  Thisspeaks  for  itself.  1I.C.  &  II.  B.  llarpending,  Dundee,  K.  Y. 


The 
MOST 
MONEY 


for  One  Dollar 

Invested  in  Food  /  >J$ 


has 

been  secured  J 
in  impartial  trial^ 
from 

The  GUERNSEY  COW 

Her  Dairy  Products  have  Scored  the  Highest  Quality  and  Best  Color 

The  Guern*ey  was  the  Fir*t  Breed  to  establish  an 
Advanced  Register  on  basis  of  Year*  Record* 
with  Public  Supervision. 

An  average  of  over  1000  official  year’s  records  show  . 

8000  lbs.  Milk  400  lbs.  Butter  Fat 

(Equivalent  to  460  lbs.  butter) 

AVERAGE  PER  CENT.  BUTTER  FAT  5.07 

Full  information  regarding  the  breed  by  writing 

The  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club 

Bo*  R  PETERBORO,  N.  H. 


O  Gr  S 


SCOTCH  COLLIES,  Spayed  Females,  two  to 
eight  mos.  Circ.  SILAS  DECKER,  Montrose  Pa. 

ppi  I  IC  D| |  DO— From  imported  stock.  Females 

ULLLIl  rUrOeheap.  Nelson  Bros., Grove  City,  Pa. 


“EVERYTHING  FOR  DAIRYMEN  ALWAYS  IN  STOCK” 

WISISIER  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  230  ^wyork"  ST' 


1911. 

KEEPING  ROOTS  OUT  OF  DRAIN  TILE. 

I).  H.  W.,  Monongahela,  Pa. — My  four- 
inch  tile  sewer  leading  from  my  house  to 
the  street  sewer  passes  between  two  maple 
shade  trees  at  a  depth  of  about  five  feet, 
and  at  this  point  roots  have  grown  into 
the  joints  of  the  sewer  and  filled  it  up. 
If  I  take  up  the  sewer  and  clean  out  the 
roots  and  relay  the  tile  and  cement  the 
joints,  then  fill  in  the  dirt  two  or  three 
inches  deep  over  the  sower,  would  there  be 
any  advantage  in  putting  a  gallon  of  salt 
over  each  joint?  Would  it  prevent  or  re¬ 
tard  the  roots  in  reaching  the  joints  and 
perhaps  again  entering  the  sewer? 

Ans. — The  best  plan  to  adopt  is  to 
law  down  under  each  joint  of  tile,  with¬ 
in  reach  of  the  roots  ahout  three  inches 
of  cement  concrete,  tilling  into  the  joints 
and  building  entirely  over  the  top  of  the 
tile,  forming  a  thimble  10  or  12  inches 
long  about  each  joint,  letting  this  set 
and  then  cover  and  fill  the  trench.  These 
thimbles  will  securely  shut  out  the  roots. 
The  application  of  salt  would  sooner 
or  later  dissolve  and  be  carried  off  in 
the  percolation  of  rain  water.  If  your 
correspondent  does  not  care  to  risk  the 
treatment  with  cement  alone,  a  treatment 
with  ordinary  liquid  coal  tar  from  the 
gas  factory  would  be  likely  to  be  longer 
effective  in  turning  the  roots  aside  than 
the  salt  treatment,  but  I  doubt  if  this 
could  be  permanent.  The  long  thick 
cement  thimbles  would  be  quite  certain 
to  be  effective.  f.  h.  k. 


“THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


WHAT  TO  DO  WITH  BUCKWHEAT. 

I  have  a  large  supply  of  buckwheat,  300 
bushels.  I  would  like  to  know  how  to  han¬ 
dle  it  to  the  best  advantage.  I  have  a  good 
flock  of  poultry  and  a  couple  of  cows,  two 
brood  mares.  Our  poultry  have  had  before 
them  for  some  three  months  the  Maine 
formula,  with  wheat  scattered  in  deep  lit¬ 
ter  and  corn  on  the  cob,  chopped  in  short 
lengths.  They  look  in  excellent  condition, 
but  are  laying  poorly :  on  free  range,  plenty 
of  green.  What  do  you  think  is  lacking? 
I  fear  they  are  in  too  large  a  flock,  225, 
roosting  in  several  small  open-air  houses. 
They  gather  about  in  large  bunches  and 
stand  so  almost  all  day.  Would  you  use 
the  buckwheat  for  them  or  disnose  of  it  and 
buy  something  else?  Oats  are  50  cents, 
wheat  $1,  buckwheat  from  80  cents,  mid¬ 
dlings  $1  per  100.  o.  w.  T. 

Oak  Grove,  Del. 

You  are  overfeeding  your  birds  so  they 
do  not  care  to  roam  around  as  they  should. 

I  would  suggest  that  you  try  feeding  only 
half  as  much  corn  and  wheat  as  you  are 
now  feeding,  in  the  proportion  of  two  parts 
corn,  one  part  wheat  and  one-third  part 
buckwheat  added.  Y’ou  should  also  place 
beef  scrap  before  your  birds  in  separate 
hoppers  if  you  expect  them  to  lay  many 
eggs.  It  would  be  advisable  to  sell  your 
buckwheat  rather  than  feed  it  to  laying 
hens  in  any  larger  quantities  than  stated. 

c.  H.  G. 

If  I  had  your  Delaware  reader’s  200 
bushels  of  buckwheat  1  would  keep  enough 
to  feed  my  poultry  until  buckwheat  was 
harvested  again.  My  way  of  feeding  poul¬ 
try,  or  stock,  is  to  give  them  as  many 
different  kinds  of  feed  as  is  adapted  to  the 
stock.  I  feed  my  chicks  one  part  ground 
corn,  one  part  meat  scraps,  two  parts  mid¬ 
dlings,  and  when  they  cannot  get  grass  a 
fifth  part  of  cooked  potatoes,  beets  or  car¬ 
rots  in  the  morning  mash.  At  noon  buck¬ 
wheat  one  day,  oats  the  next.  If  I  did  not 
have  oats  I  would  feed  buckwheat  each  day 
at  noon;  at  night  cracked  corn.  My  birds 
lay  well,  and  are  healthy  and  fat.  One- 
third  buckwheat  with  oats  has  always 
proved  a  good  feed  for  my  horses,  I  pre¬ 
sume  it  would  be  excellent  for  horses 
ground  with  corn  and  oats  as  follows,  10 
bushels  oats,  10  bushels  corn  on  cob,  and 
five  bushels  buckwheat.  My  opinion  is  it 
will  pay  your  Delaware  reader  to  feed  his 
buckwheat  this  way.  If  I  had  more  than  I 
wanted  to  feed,  I  would  have  it  made  into 
flour,  and  have  all  the  middlings  taken 
from  it  that  I  could  get.  It  is  fine  for 
cows  or  calves’  feed,  and  the  flour  generally 
brings  more  in  proportion  than  the  grain. 

I  have  gained  many  good  points  from  The 
R.  N.-Y.,  one  is  I  have  cut  eight  good  crops 
in  two  years  from  the  first  setting  of 
Alfalfa.  F.  p.  B. 

Wawarsing,  N.  Y. 

If  I  knew  more  of  the  particulars  as  to 
how  much  he  could  get  for  the  whole 
grain,  also  his  facilities  for  having  the 
buckwheat  floured,  I  could  answer  more 
Intelligently.  With  us  the  proposition  would 
be  easy.  Buckwheat  flour  is  worth  about 
$2.25  per  100  pounds  here.  With  flour 
at  that  price  I  would  have  the  buckwheat 
floured,  sell  the  flour  and  put  enough  of 
the  money  into  buckwheat  middlings  at  $1 
per  100  pounds  (the  price  quoted  by  ques¬ 
tioner)  to  make  the  major  part  of  my  cow 
ration  for  the  Winter ;  sell  the  bran  for 


80  cents  per  100,  take  that  and  enough 
of  my  flour  money  to  buy  grain  for  the 
poultry,  and  put  the  balance  in  my  pocket. 
I  would  not  think  of  having  the  buckwheat 
ground  with  other  grain,  for  at  the  prices 
quoted  you  will  get  about  four  times  the 
feeding  value  in  $1  worth  of  middlings  as 
in  $1  worth  of  flour,  so  if  mixture  with 
other  grain  is  necessary  use  middlings.  I 
consider  the  poultry  as  getting  a  very  poor 
ration.  While  a  dry  mash  is  all  right  if 
properly  fed  (which  includes  the  mixing) 
if  chickens  are  allowed  all  the  corn  they 
want  even  If  fed  on  the  cob,  they  will  not 
eat  enough  of  the  dry  feed  to  balance. 
Buckwheat  may  be  fed  for  part  of  the  ra¬ 
tion,  but  if  fed  to  any  great  extent  it  will 
make  the  yolks  light  when  fed  to  laying 
hens.  This  is  objectionable  if  you  have  a 
good  egg  trade,  and  at  prices  quoted  I 
believe  it  could  be  exchanged  on  the  market 
for  a  more  satisfactory  ration. 

Columbia  C'o.,  N.  Y.  wm.  h.  hotaling. 


A  CONSUMER'S  OBSERVATION  ABOUT 
HIS  DOLLAT. 

I  am  much  interested  the  distribution 
of  the  consumer's  dollar  between  him  and 
the  producer,  because  I  am  one  of  those 
who  pay  it.  Some  facts  which  I  have 
learned  from  my  end  may  be  of  value  m 
the  discussion.  Last  October  I  purchased 
a  basket  of  Concord  grapes  in  Dover,  N.  H., 
for  12  cents.  The  basket  bore  the  names 
of  a  grower  in  Naples,  N.  Y.,  a  commission 
house  in  Boston,  and  a  wholesale  house  in 
Dover.  Therefore  the  basket  had  been 
shipped  from  the  grower  to  Boston  and 
thence  reshipped  to  the  wholesaler  in 
Dover,  who  had  delivered  it  to  the  pro¬ 
vision  dealer  from  whom  I  purchased  it. 
Out  of  my  12  cents,  there  must  have  been 
two  freight  charges  and  three  dealers’  pro¬ 
fits  withheld  before  it  reached  the  pro¬ 
ducer.  A  letter  to  the  grower  brought  a 


courteous  answer,  in  which  it  was  stated 
that  the  grapes  were  sold  in  Boston  for 
nine  cents,  from  which  three  cents  were 
deducted  for  freight  and  commission,  leav¬ 
ing  the  grower  six  cents,  out  of  which 
sum  he  had  paid  one  and  seven-tenths 
cents  for  the  basket  in  which  the  grapes 
were  packed.  It  would  seem  that  an  eco¬ 
nomy  would  result  if  the  wholesale  house 
in  Dover  could  be  in  direct  relation  with 
the  grower  in  Naples,  instead  of  having  a 
third  party  in  Boston  to  require  a  profit 
for  handling. 

Another  way  in  which  a  toll  is  taken 
from  the  consumer’s  dollar  I  have  learned 
from  a  friend  who  has  a  huckster's  route 
in  a  suburb  of  Worcester,  Mass.  Some  of 
his  vegetables  he  grows  himself ;  but  much 
of  his  stock,  including  all  his  fruits,  he 
buys  of  the  wholesale  house.  He  aims  to 
obtain  an  advance  of  20  per  cent  on  his 
purchase  price,  which  means  that  of  the 
consumer’s  dollar  which  he  receives,  he  re¬ 
tains  16  2-3  cents  for  his  labor  and  risks 
in  the  delivery  of  the  goods.  This  may 
seem  a  large  share,  but  it  takes  nearly  one 
hundred  patrons  to  make  the  gross  sales 
amount  to  .$25  or  $30  per  trip.  To  per¬ 
form  this  service  requires  on  his  part  from 
12  to  16  hours  in  buying  stock,  preparing 
the  load,  travel  and  delivery.  He  receives 
about  five  dollars  per  trip  for  himself  aud 
horse.  Since  farmers  in  the  same  locality 
receive  four  dollars  for  a  man  and  team 
for  nine  hours,  the  remuneration  cannot 
be  called  excessive.  But  it  is  one-sixth 
of  the  consumer’s  dollar  which  cannot 
reach  the  producer.  Furthermore,  it  never 
can  reach  the  producer  until  some  less 
expensive  method  will  deliver  the  goods 
at  the  consumer’s  door  in  equally  as  good 
condition  and  with  the  same  certainty. 
Housewives  in  this  suburb  know  that  thev 
can  buy  at  lower  prices  in  the  largp  public 
markets  in  town,  but  it  costs  a  dime  for 
carfare  and  an  hour  of  time  to  market  in 
person,  while  delivery  is  uncertain  as  well 
as  quality,  if  the  order  is  sent  in  by  tele¬ 
phone.  Hence  they  prefer  the  huckster, 
who  strives  to  please  them  by  humoring 
their  fancies.  f.  w.  m. 

Amherst,  Mass. 


IKON  ME 


47 

HANDY  GARDEN  TOOL 

Here’s  a  practical  tool  for  the  farmer  or 
gardener— onr  No.  «  Combined  Double  and 
Single  Wheel  Hoe,  Hill  and  Drill  Seeder. 
f'°m' f°°R  for  the  price  of  one.  It  plants 
in  hills  or  continuous  rows,  covers  the  seed, 
rolls  the  soil,  marks  the  next  row,  hoes, 
weeds  and  cultivates.  Simple,  easy  to  oper¬ 
ate,  and  does  a  day’s  work  In  60 'minutes. 

Farm  and 
Garden  Tool* 

For  75  years  we  have 
made  dependable  tools 
of  quality  for  the 
farmer,  trucker  and 
t  o  w  n  gardener*.  We 
make  33  garden  tools 
at  *3.59  to  $12.00  each. 
Write  to-day  for  Anniversary  Catalog 
describing  our  entire  line  including 
potato  planters,  cultivators,  sprayers, 
diggers,  orchard  and  other  tools. 

BATEMAN  M’F’G  CO. 

BOX  1022  GRENLOCH.  N.  J. 


Practical  Hand  Sewing  Machine 

tor  repairing  Uioej,  harnes*.  saddles,  etc. 

Veterinarians  find  it  indispent* 
aWe  for  sewing  wire 
cuts  in  stock 


•OK NT*  war tf n 


J.  G.  CALLAHAN  CO 

Sangamon  Street 
CHICAGO 


FOR  MENDING  HARNESS 

It takes 
a  wax  • 
thread, 
feeds 


shoes,  tents,  awnings,  pulley  belts,  car¬ 
pets.  saddles,  suit  cases,  buggy  tops. 


from  spool  and 
does  the  work  of 
any  harness  maker 
machine.  It  is  indis¬ 
pensable  for  farmers. 

Agents  wanted.  Sent  prepaid 
for  $1.25.  Send  at  once  for 
catalog.  STEWART-SKINNER  CO. 
35  Hermon  Street,  Worcester,  Mass, 


dash  boards,  or  any  heavy  material. 

Stewart’ s  Automatic 
Awl  is  the  only  per¬ 
fect  Sewing 

Awl. 


THEjJPLANT  FOOD  PROBLEM  SOLVED 

BY  USERS  OF 


Bradley’s  Fertilizers 

“The  WorlcTs  Best  By  Every  Test” 


Sometimes  farmers  say  they  cannot  afford  to  use  as  much 
as  1000  lbs.  of  fertilizer  per  acre,  yet  many  farmers  have 
.proved  that  as  much  or  more  is  very  profitable  to  them. 
How  much  to  use  is  a  problem  every  one  must  work  out 
for  himself.  Our  most  successful  customers  say  they  find 
as  they  have  increased  from  year  to  year  the  amount  of 
fertilizer  used,  the  easier  it  has  been  to  pay  for  it.  This  is 
the  way  they  express  the  greater  profit  derived  from  using 
1500  to  2000  lbs.  per  acre  instead  of  a  smaller  quantity  on 
their  market  crops. 

Many  of  them  use  a  ton  to  the  acre  of  Bradley’s  High  Grade 
Fertilizer  and  find  that  it  pays  in  the  crop  marketed  and  in  the  up¬ 
keep  or  improvement  of  the  land  for  succeeding  crops.  You  cannot 
tell  without  experimenting  how  much  fertilizer  will  pay  you  best.  If 
you  have  not  already  solved  this  problem,  begin  next  season  and  use 

Bradley’s  Fertilizers 

Our  local  agents  have  a  new  descriptive  booklet  and 
calendar  for  1911  for  you.  If  we  have  no  agent  near  you 
write  us  today  for  our  agency  proposition.  Address  Depart¬ 
ment  M 

BRADLEY  FERTILIZER  WORKS 


OF  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURAL  CHEMICAL  CO. 


92  State  St., 
Boston. 


2  Rector  St., 
New  York. 


P.  0.  Drawer  970, 
Buffalo. 


Rose  Building, 
Cleveland. 


Cincinnati  Office,  1204  Second  National  Bank  Building. 


# 


48 


THE  RURAE  NEW-YORKER 


January  14, 


GROWING  CACTUS  IN  FLORIDA. 

On  page  1078  I  find  an  editorial  con¬ 
cerning  the  commercial  growing  of  the 
prickly  pear  in  Texas  and  predicting  a 
great  future  for  the  desert  region  where 
it  best  flourishes.  If  its  successful  grow¬ 
ing  for  feed  purposes  be  established  as 
stated,  it  is  of  equal  importance  to 
Florida.  We  have  hundreds  of  thou¬ 
sands  of  acres  of  the  same  general  sort 
of  land  you  speak  of  upon  which  this 
cactus  now  grows  and  flourishes.  Like 
Texas,  Florida  has  a  diversified  soil, 
ranging  from  as-rich  as  there  is  in  the 
world  to  supposed  worthless  wastes  of 
large  area.  I  write  you  particularly  as 
to  the  exact  method  to  be  pursued  in 
scorching  off  the  spines.  You  say  “you 
just  go  out  with  a  burner  and  scorch 
off  the  spines  and  the  cattle  eat  it  down.” 
This  implies  that  it  i;  done  while  the 
cactus  is  yet  standing  in  the  rows.  We 
know  of  the  value  of  this  plant  as  a 
food,  but  we  do  not  know  of  any  prac¬ 
ticable  method  of  so  ridding  it  of  its 
spines  in  the  field  that  its  cultivation  is 
worth  while.  Arthur  g.  hamlin. 

Florida. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  best  we  can  do  is  to 
refer  to  the  article  by  Wm.  Sinclair,  of 
Texas,  on  page  601  md  also  on  page 
1159.  There  are  also  bulletins  published 
by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  at 
Washington.  Mr.  Sinclair  is  a  practical 
dairyman  and  is  feeding  the  cactus  with 
much  success.  As  will  be  seen  from 
his  article  the  cactus  is  planted  in  rows 
and  cultivated.  When  ready  to  feed  the 
feeder  goes  out  with  a  gasoline  torch 
and  singes  the  spines  off  the  cactus  as 
it  stands.  The  cows  follow  and  eat 
down  the  plant.  The  spines  protect  the 
cactus  from  stock  or  vermin,  and  the 
spined  varieties  are  also  hardier  than 
the  “spineless.”  We  certainly  believe 
there  is  a  future  for  this  business. 


“Why,”  asked  a  Missouri  newspaper, 
“does  our  State  stand  at  the  head  in 
raising  mules?”  “Because,”  said  aji ' 
Iowa  paper,  “that  is  the  only  safe  place 
to  stand.” — Jack  o'  Lantern. 


THE  WESTERN  MEAT  SITUATION. 

I  cannot  believe  that  the  heavy  grain 
crop  reported  has  as  yet  had  much  to  do 
with  the  price  of  meat,  only  in  so  much  as 
the  good  corn  crop  has  induced  farmers  to 
feed  hogs  longer  and  make  them  heavier. 
The  year  has  been  unusually  dry  from  the 
Mississippi  River  west ;  pastures  were  short 
and  cattle  were  sold  off  closer  than  usual, 
making  the  price  lower,  but  will  increase 
the  scarcity  later  on.  There  is  no  question 
but  that  beef  cattle,  cows  and  steers  have 
been  decreasing  in  this  State  at  least,  at 
an  increased  rate  for  the  last  three  years. 
With  high-priced  corn  few'er  brood  sows 
were  kept  each  Sprine  for  the  last  three, 
and  last  Spring,  when  live  hogs  went  to 
10  cents  and  above,  they  were  sold  off 
closer  than  ever.  This  Fall  in  anticipation 
of  a  lower  market  the  hogs  were  rushed  to 
market,  many  only  half  fat.  It  brought 
the  price  down,  but  the  market  reports  show 
that  the  pig  crop  is  being  marketed  from 
six  weeks  to  two  months  earlier  than  usual, 
which  will  have  an  effect  later  on.  If  the 
relative  supply  and  demand  governs  next 
Spring,  the  price  will  be  governed  by  the 
consumers1’  ability  to  pay.  At  that  time 
the  meat  will  be  in  the  packers’  hands. 
They  got  the  hogs  on  the  run  by  predicting 
a  six-cent  market,  and  they  will  stay  down 
until  they  have  the  hogs,  which  will  be 
earlier  than  usual  on  account  of  the  un¬ 
usually  good  weather  for  feeding  prevailing. 

Adams  Co.,  Iowa.  jerome  smith. 

The  local  causes  as  we  see  them  here 
are  several.  In  the  first  place  the  last 
election  had  something  to  do  with  it,  as 
an  unrest  is  usually  produced  in  financial 
circles  when  there  is  a  change  in  political 
control.  Second,  this  is  the  season  of  the 

year  when  the  bulk  of  the  poultry  are 

placed  on  the  market.  Third,  many  west¬ 
ern  cattle  were  shipped  into  this  county, 
the  purchasers  expecting  to  graze  them  and 
put  them  off  at  a  good  profit  this  Fall. 
The  season  has  been  a  very  wet  one  and 
the  pasture  was  practically  no  good,  and 
many  acres  of  corn  drowned  out,  so  they 
were  forced  to  put  cattle  on  the  market 
and  forced  the  price  down.  Fourth,  the 

increase  in  number  of  hogs  with  the  addi¬ 
tional  weight  they  were  given  with  old  corn 
that  they  were  fed,  would  produce  the 

quantity  with  additional  quality,  and  would 
surely  cause  the  market  to  fall.  In  one 
day  one  shipper  carried  over  600  hogs 
which  brought  the  farmers  over  .$10,000  to 
this  one  shipping  point.  Scattering  cases 
of  cholera  among  the  hogs  caused  many 
to  dispose  of  them  ;  the  shipper  making  a 
great  ado  about  it  assisted  the  farmers  to 
dispose  of  them.  w.  e.  d. 

Highland  Co.,  O. 


Ringworm. 

Our  calves  are  troubled  with  a  skin 
disease  of  some  kind.  Some  tell  me  it  is 
ringworm.  It  usually  starts  around  the 
eyes,  the  skin  becomes  rough  and  scaly  and 
it  spreads  very  fast.  The  hair  comes  out, 
and  the  skin  is  dry  and  rough.  Can  you 
tell  me  what  it  is,  and  give  me  a  remedy  ? 

New  York.  h.  e.  b. 

The  disease  is  ringworm.  Scrub  and 
scrape  all  affected  parts  until  free  of  scales 
and  scabs,  then  rub  in  iodine  ointment  and 
repeat  the  application  each  other  day  un¬ 
til  well.  Clean  up,  disinfect,  whitewash, 
ventilate  and  sunlight  the  stable,  otherwise 
local  treatment  will  only  give  temporary 
relief.  a.  s.  a. 

Sick  Cat. 

Can  you  advise  me  of  anything  that  I 
can  give  to  my  cat  to  benefit  her?  Last 
Spring  before  she  was  a  year  old  she  had 
distemper  and  seemed  to  get  over  it,  but 
every  once  in  awhile  has  a  touch  of 
diarrhoea.  She  has  a  good  appetite  and 
catches  plenty  of  food  for  herself,  but  keeps 
very  thin.  s.  J.  c. 

New  York. 

Worms  are  the  most  likely  cause  of  thin 
condition.  Give  fluid  extract  of  pink  root 
and  senna  in  increasing  doses  every  three 
hours  until  the  bowels  open  freely.  When 
diarrhoea  is  present  from  other  causes  than 
trouble  named,  give  ten-grain  doses  of 
subnitrate  of  bismuth,  following  a  dose  of 
purgative.  a.  s.  a. 

Congested  Udder. 

Can  you  tell  me  what  ails  my  cow?  I 
find  clots  of  blood  in  the  milk  and  thought 
it  was  garget,  but  she  has  no  irritation 
of  the  udder  and  appears  perfectly  normal, 
otherwise.  She  came  in  fresh  in  March, 
milking  23  quarts  a  day.  She  is  fed  cow- 
pea  hay,  bran,  fodder,  carrots  besides  pas¬ 
turage.  The  milking  utensils  are  cleaned 
and  scalded  daily.  She  is  now  giving  16 
quarts  a  day  and  appears  perfectly  healthy 
except  for  the  blood  clots.  f.  b.  f\ 

Small  blood  vessels  have  ruptured  and 
bleeding  takes  place  at  time  of  milking.  : 
Milk  gently  three  times  a  day  and  then 
bathe  the  udder  with  cold  water  and  aft¬ 
erwards  with  a  lotion  composed  of  two  j 
teaspoonfuls  of  powdered  alum  in  a  pint 
of  cold  water.  Care  must  be  taken  to  , 
keen  the  cow  protected  against  drafts  when  j 
cold  bathing  has  been  done.  Such  treat-  i 
ment  cannot  well  be  given  in  cold  weather,  j 
unless  the  udder  is  rubbed  with  melted 
lard  or  sweet  oil  after  bathing.  If  the 
cow  is  not  in  calf  give  her  a  dram  of  dried 
sulphate  of  iron  in  a  dessertspoonful  of 
salt  in  feed  once  daily.  Iron  is  unsafe 
medicine  for  a  cow  in  calf.  Lessen  the 
milk-making  foods.  See  that  udder  is  not 
bruised  in  any  way.  a.  s.  a. 


Whex  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


Your 
Stock 

Farmers  and  stockmen  ! 

Dr.  Hess  Dip  and  Disinfec¬ 
tant  is  a  chemical  prepar¬ 
ation,  harmless  alike  to  man 
and  animal,  but  unfailingly 
destructive  to  parasitic  life  and 
all  infectious  germ  diseases  of 
livestock.  It  is  guaranteed.  It  is 
easy  to  apply.  It  is  inexpensive.  One 
'gallon  makes  70  to  100  gallons  when 
diluted,  ready  for  use. 

D"  HESS  DIP 

and  Disinfectant 

used  occasionally  in  proper  solution, 
will  save  your  farm  animals  from 
fatal  germ  diseases  and  prevent 
attacks  from  lice,  fleas  and  sheep 
ticks.  It  meets  the  Government 
requirement  for  sheep  scab. 

It  disinfects  and  purifies 
pens,  stables  and  outbuild¬ 
ings.  It  insures  healthy 
conditions  on  the  farm. 

You  can’t  afford  to  be 
without  it.  Write  for 
free  booklet. 

DR. HESS  & 

CLARK, 

Ashland, 

Ohio. 


SlateMlar-l 


Pat  elate  on  your  roof  and  you'll  keep  dollars  in  your 
pocket.  No  more  leaks  or  expensive  repairs.  Nothing 

equals  curinnN’Q SEA  GREEN  AND  PURPLE 
OnCLUUn  O  ROOFING  SLATE 

for  durability,  strength  and  economy. 

The  first  cost  no  greater  than  high-priced  prepared  j 
roofing  or  shingles.  Slate  does  not  rust  or  water  soak 
will  not  melt— not  Affected  by  climate.  Our  free  book  I 
“The  Roof  Question”  tells  why.  Wr rite  us  today  about  | 
your  wants.  Special  prices  on  car  lots. 

F.  C.  Sheldon  Slate  Co.  Granville,  N.T.  ! 


r 


Here  Are  Two 
of  the  Greatest 
Milk  Producers  On  Earth 


Missy  of  the  Glen 

18390,  Adv.  R.  936. 
Produced  14591.70  lbs.  of  Milk, 
954.76  lbs.  of  Butter  Fat. 

MISSY  of-the  Glen  is  a  Guernsey  cow— 4*4 
years  old  at  the  beginning  of  her  test.  Her 
daily  ration  included  3  to  5  lbs.  of  Dried  Beet 
Pulp. 

She  was  bred  at  Glen  Farm,  owned  by  Mr. 
H.  A.  C.  Taylor,  Newport,  R.  I. — and  bas  been 
raised  and  developed  at  the  farm.  Her  sire  and 
dam  arc  both  advanced  Register  animals  and 
noted  prize  winners. 


THESE  prize  winners  have  most  remarkable  records.  Age  for  age  they 
excel  any  other  similar  cows  in  the  world.  Not  only  in  milk  produc¬ 
tion  and  butter  fat  records  but  physically  as  well.  Health  in  the 
long  run  is  the  most  valuable  for  it  assures  just  so  much  net  profit  annually 

for  a  longer  period  of  years.  You  can  count  on  your  income. 

These  two  animals  are  fed  Dried  Beet  Pulp  regularly  like  thousands  and  thousands 
of  other  cows  on  American  farms  that  are  establishing  big  milk  production  records.  Far¬ 
mers  all  over  are  experiencing  the  same  beneficial  results.  Milk  is  flowing  freer  which 
means  more  clear  money — net  profit — that  can  be  tucked  away  in  the  bank. 

You  can  do  the  same  with  your  herd.  We’ll  prove  absolutely  that  our  feed  will  in¬ 
crease  your  milk  supply  in  a  week  and  put  your  cattle  in  finer  condition.  We  know  this 
so  well  and  are  so  positive  of  it  that  we  will  take  any  cow  you  pick  and 

Feed  Her  For  Three  Weeks  On 


lb 

At  Our  Risk 


Dolly  Dimple 

19144,  Adv.  R.  628. 
Produced  18458.8  lbs.  of  Milk, 
906.89  lbs.  Butter  Fat. 

DOLLY  DIMPLE  is  a  Guernsey  cow— 354 
years  old  at  the  beginning  of  her  test. 
During  her  test  year  her  ration  included  2537 
lbs.  of  Dried  Beet  Pulp  and  she  produced 
18458.8  lbs.  of  milk,  which  is  the  highest 
record  known  for  Guernsey  of  this  age.  Her 
butter  fat  record  was  906.89  lbs.,  which  is 
equivalent  to  1058.  lbs.  of  butter. 

She  is  the  property  of  F.  Lothrop  Ames  of 
Langwater  Farms.  North  Easton,  Mass.,  where 
they  breed  and  sell  thc“Langwater  Guernseys.” 


Of  course  the  cow  must  be  able  to  give  milk. 
That’s  all  we  insist  on.  Give  us  the  cow  that’s  a 
little  shaky  or  weak  in  the  knees  and  producing  poorly 
and  we’ll  put  her  on  the  way  to  be  the  prizeof  your 
farm.  In  one  week  we’ll  show  an  actual  increase. 
You  do  the  judging.  Weigh  the  milk  before  starting 
on  your  proposition  and  weigh  it  after  and  you’ll  see 
the  difference  on  the  scale.  You  take  no  chance 
whatever.  All  you  have  to  do  is  the  milking  and 
the  weighing. 

Dried  Beet  Pulp  is  none  other  than  our  native 
Sugar  Beet  with  most  of  the  sugar  and  water  extract-.' 
ed.  All  the  tender  nutritious  vegetable  tissues  of  the 
beet  are  retained.  No  adulteration — no  fillers.  It’s  a 
genuine  vegetable  food,  being  just  as  succulent  and 
palatable  as  your  June  pasture.  Cows  thrive  wonder¬ 
fully  if  fed  regularly  with  a  Dried  Beet  pulp  ration. 
They  gobble  it  up  with  eagerness. 


Here's  The  Way  To  Get 
New  Big  Profits  Right  Away 

Go  to  your  dealer,  show  him  this  advertisement,  tell  him  you  want 
to  try  a  sack  of  Dried  Beet  Pulp  at  our  risk.  Don’t  take  "no”  for  an 
answer;  you  are  entitled  to  get  wbat  you  want.  Here  is  our  propo¬ 
sition;  it  involves  no  risk  for  you  or  the  dealer. 

We  will  ship  your  dealer  (if  he  does  not  already  carry  it  in  stock) 

'  500  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp  so  that  you  can  try  it.  if  after  you  have  fed 
one  sack,  the  cow  you  selected  has  not  increased  her  milk  production, we 
authorize  the  dealer  to  return  you  in  full  your  purchase  price,  and  we 
will  in  turn  refund  to  the  dealer.  The  decision  in  the  matter  will  rest 
entirely  with  you;  your  dealings  will  be  with  the  man  you  know  and 
with  whom  you  trade.  , 

.  .  To  dealers  everywhere  east  of  the  Mississippi  River 
except  in  states  of  Wisconsin  and  Michigan:  You  are  author¬ 
ized  to  sell  to  any  dairyman  who  will  agree  to  give  the  feed  a  fair  honest 
trial,  one  sack  of  our  Dried  Beet  Pulp  and  to  guarantee  to  refund  the 
purchase  price  if  after  the  dairyman  has  fed  it  to  one  cow  for  three 
weeks  the  cow  has  not  increased  her  milk  production;  we  will  reimburse 
you  for  your  expenditure.  If  you  do  not  carry  Dried  Beet  Pulp  in 
stock,  write  us  quickly  for  our  trial  offer  of  500  lbs.  Please  mention 
this  paper. 


Add  Dried  Beet  Pulp  to  the  ration  that  is  being 
fed  on  your  farm  now  and  inside  of  a  week  each  one 
of  your  cows  will  be  giving  more  milk.  Your  cows 
will  look  better  and  act  better.  They’ll  have  more 
spirit  and  a  brighter  eye.  It  will  condition  your 
cattle  and  keep  them  primed.  It’s  nourishing  and 
builds  up  their  entire  system,  regulating  bowels  and 
kidneys.  It  prevents  garget,  lengthens  the  milk  pro¬ 
ducing  period.  Stop  feeding  on  exclusively  heavy 
grain  ration,  lighten  it  up  by  adding  the  bulky  suc¬ 
culent,  palatable  Dried  Beet  Pulp. 

All  live  dealers  should  carry  Dried  Beet  Pulp.  If  yours  does  not* 
send  us  his  name  and  we’ll  see  that  he  has  it  quickly.  Act  now.  Scud 
today  for  our  booklet  “Feeding  for  i*?rger  Profits.” 

The  Larrowe  Milling  Company 

604  Ford  Bldg.  Detroit,  Michigan 


1911 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


The  N.  Y.  Exchange  price  Is  $1.91  per 
40-quart  can,  netting  4  cer  ts  to  shippers 
in  the  26-cent  zone  who  or  ve  no  station 
charges. 


Farmers  are  selling  their  milk  here  for 
five  cents  per  quart.  Hay  brings  $12  to 
$18  per  ton;  corn,  40  to  50  cents  per 
bushel.  Wheat  bran  costs  $1.25  per  100 
pounds. 


Not  much  milk  retailed.  Harrisonburg, 
county  seat,  population  about  5,000,  is  all 
the  market  we  nave.  That  is  supplied  by 
three  or  four  dairymen  at  five  cents  per 
quart.  Only  one  creamery  in  this  section 
and  it  is  breathing  its  last.  It  is  sold 
by  producers  to  consumers  direct.  Grains 
as  follows ;  Wheat.  95  cents ;  oats,  44 
cents ;  barley,  65  to  70  cents ;  corn  in  ears, 
$1  per  barrel  of  three  bushels;  hay,  $14 
and  $17  per  ton  ;  fodder,  six  cents  delivered. 

Bridgewater,  Va.  n.  l,  s. 


In  Lisbon  the  farmers  peddle  nearly  all 
the  milk  consumed,  and  receive  7  cents  per 
quart.  What  is  sold  wholesale  is  from  14 
to  20  cents  per  gallon.  Lisbon  is  a  small 
place  of  about  3,500  population.  Our  best 
market  is  East  Liverpool,  about  10  miles 
distant.  Wholesale  price  for  milk  from  16 
to  20  cents  per  gallon,  farmer  to  pay 
freight  on  electric  line.  There  are  several 
farmers  who  peddle  milk  and  receive  8  cents 
per  quart.  I  suppose  East  Liverpool  has  a 
population  of  something  over  22,000. 

Lisbon,  O.  w.  k.  g. 


The  price  of  milk  in  this  locality  is  $2 
per  hundred  pounds  delivered  at  the  con¬ 
densing  plant.  Ivahoka  also  has  an  agent 
of  S.  P.  Pond  &  Co.,  who  buy  milk  at  the 
same  price,  also  cream,  paying  at  present 
26  cents  per  pound  butter  fat.  Milk  when 
peddled,  brings  six  cents  per  quart  through 
the  Winter  months.  Butter  at  present 
brings  25  to  30  cents  per  pound.  Hay  is 
worth  about  $14  per  ton ;  corn  35  cents 
per  bushel;  oats  26  cents;  bran  $1.25  per 
hundred.  H.  w.  s. 

Kahoka,  Mo. 


This  is  a  grain  country ;  wheat,  corn, 
oats  and  hay,  and  in  clover  seed  belt 
mixed  husbandry  as  we  call  it.  There  are 
two  farms  close  to  Hieksville  that  make 
a  specialty  of  milk  bottled  and  peddled 
around  town  at  seven  cents  per  quart. 
Country  butter  sells  at  20  cents  per  pound. 
The  cream  wagon  from  Nappanee,  Ind., 
comes  through  here  twice  a  week,  gathers 
up  cream,  and  by  cream  test  gives  28 
cents  per  pound  for  butter.  This  butter 
comes  back  to  our  town  for  32  cents  per 
pound,  and  is  retailed  out  at  35  cents. 

Ilicksville,  O.  L.  p.  w. 


Consul  George  Ilulon  of  Saloniki,  Tur¬ 
key,  reports  the  following  milk  note  from 
that  country :  “The  sanitary  inspector  of 
Saloniki  has  adopted  the  following  plan 
for  insuring  to  the  public  a  supply  of  un¬ 
diluted  milk :  He  has  ordered  a  supply 
of  cans  fitted  with  valves  working  in  such 
a  manner  that  a  liquid  may  be  poured  out 
but  not  in.  Another  opening  permits  the 
cans  to  be  filled  with  milk.  The  cans, 
when  they  are  full,  are  taken  to  any  one 
of  four  inspection  depots,  where  their  con¬ 
tents  are  chemically  tested,  after  which 
this  second  opening  is  closed  and  stamped 
with  an  official  seal.  All  the  dealers  will 
be  supplied  with  these  cans  and  obliged 
to  use  them  as  soon  as  they  are  secured.” 


A  large  quantity  of  the  milk  produced 
here  is  sent  to  the  St.  Charles  Condensing 
plant  and  the  remainder  to  cheese  factor¬ 
ies.  Condensery  prices  for  Winter  are  as 
follows:  October  and  March,  $1.40;  No¬ 
vember,  December,  January  and  February, 
$1.55.  Cheese  factories  average  from  85 
to  90  cents  per  100  for  the  season.  Bran, 
$20 ;  cotton-seed  meal,  $33 ;  coarse  grain 
mostly  fed  on  farms.  Increased  acreage 
of  wheat  was  sown  last  Fall  and  is  look¬ 
ing  well.  Apples,  unsprayed,  $1.50  a 
barrel ;  sprayed,  cooperative,  $3.50  on 
board.  Potatoes  fair  crop,  badly  infested 
with  dry  rot,  will  be  scarce  in  the  Spring. 
Farm  land  as  high  as  $100  an  acre.  Milch 
cows  $50  to  $100.  Dairying  is  a  specialty. 

Ingersoll,  Ont.  w.  w.  n. 


Milk  business  here  in  Northeastern  Ne¬ 
braska  is  mostly  handled  directly  from  the 
farm  to  the  consumer  at  somewhat  various 
prices,  from  5  to  7  cents  per  quart,  and 
that  by  farmers  near  cities  for  immediate 
or  daily  use.  No  milk  is  shipped.  Nearly 
all  farmers  have  their  cream  separators, 
and  all  milk  is  separated  immediately  after 
milking.  Cream  is  delivered  to  nearby  cream¬ 
eries  or  shipped  to  distant  large  centralized 
creameries,  as  Omaha,  Fremont  or  Beatrice, 
Neb.  Deliveries  are  made  once  a  week  in 
Winter  and  tri-weekly  in  Summer.  Ci’eam 
or  butter-fat  as  tested  is  paid  a  certain 
price,  according  to  season  and  volume  of 
product.  The  average  price  for  the  season 
this  year  was  about  25  cents  per  pound. 
Butter  fat  testing  from  30  to  40  per  cent. 

Pierce,  Neb.  c.  L. 


The  greater  quantity  of  the  milk  around 
here  is  handled  by  the  two  Borden  fac¬ 
tories,  one  each,  in  Sterling  and  Dixon. 
Their  prices  for  an  average  six  months  to 
the  producers  is  $1.85  1-3  per  hundred 
pounds.  The  wholesale  price  of  milk  by 
the  dairyman  to  the  producer  is  $1.85  per 
100  pounds,  and  the  retail  price  to  the 
consumer  is  seven  cents  per  quart.  Corn 
is  low  in  price  according  to  the  yield,  be¬ 
ing  only  36%  cents  for  No.  3  yellow,  to  as 
low  as  32  cents  for  no  grade.  Gats  are 
getting  hack  into  the  old  ruts  again,  26 
to  28  cents  per  bushel.  Hay  is  high,  but 
scarce,  ranging  in  price  from  $10  to  $20  a 
ton,  according  to  quality.  Baled  oat  straw 
is  as  high  as  $11  a  ton.  Keep  up  your 
work  in  favor  of  parcels  post,  as  the  ex¬ 
press  companies  are  regular  extortionists, 
and  so  far  as  i  can  see  our  Senators  and 
Representatives  are  all  in  cahoot  with 
them,  and  against  good,  clean,  honest  law¬ 
making.  T.  c. 

Dixon,  Ill. 


THE  COST  OF  MILK. 

„  On  page  1187  there  is  an  article  headed 
Cost  of  a  Quart  of  Milk,”  in  which  it  is 
figured  out  that  it  costs  six  cents  to  pro¬ 
duce  a  quart  of  milk  on  even  so  large  a 
farm  as  one  keeping  40  cows.  It  is  hardly 
worth  while  to  analyze  the  statement  to 
show  how  fallacious  it  is,  as  any  dairy¬ 
man  knows  that  if  it  was  so  he  could  not 
exist.  Bat  to  show  at  a  glance  how  little 
.  there  is  to  the  statement  it  is  only  neces¬ 
sary  to  look  at  another  column  of  th6 
same  issue  where  a  number  of  your  cone- 


.VOPdents  from  Illinois  and  other  States 
i  on  .Hon  the  current  prices  for  milk  in 
U  riv  respective  localities  from  which  they 
u  ritt  as  being  from  $1.50  to  $2  per  100 
pGunds  at  the  creamery ;  which  is  the 
equivalent  of  from  three  to  four  cents  a 
quart.  Now  any  well-informed  person 
knows  that  at  that  price  farmers  are  able 
to  maintain  themselves  and  prosper  on 
land  that  sells  from  $75  to  $150  an  acre. 
They  may  not  be  getting  as  much  for 
milk  as  they  should,  but  manifestly  it  is 
not  costing  them  six  cents  a  quart  to  pro¬ 
duce  it.  w.  H.  D. 

Kalamazoo,  Mich. 

R.  N.-Y. — This  is  not  a  fair  comparison. 
The  high  priced  milk  was  retailed  and 
made  under  sanitary  inspection  which  made 
expensive  care  and  stables  necessary.  The 
other  milk  was  sold  at  wholesale  and  did 
not  stand  the  same  inspection.  Another 
thing  to  be  considered  is  the  cost  of  fod¬ 
der  and  grain — nearly  twice  as  high  in 
Massachusetts  as  in  the  other  States  men¬ 
tioned.  What  we  want  is  to  have  some  one 
tell  us  whenever  the  figures  given  are  too 
high.  _ 


Bitter  Milk. 

I  have  a  cow  that  gives  bitter  milk  in 
the  Fall,  about  one  month  before  she  should 
go  dry.  This  is  the  third  Fall.  I  gave 
three  bottles  of  medicine  for  digestive 
organs,  but  it  did  no  good.  All  through 
the  Summer  the  milk  is  fine  and  very  rich. 
Can  you  tell  me  of  a  preventive?  m. 

New  York. 

You  should  dry  the  cow  off  six  weeks 
before  calving.  It  is  quite  common  for  the 
milk  to  be  bitter  in  taste  if  milk  flow  con¬ 
tinues  right  up  to  calving  time,  and  it  is 
best  for  the  cow  to  have  a  rest  from  lacta¬ 
tion  before  calving.  To  dry  her  off  reduce 
milk-making  food  and  leave  a  little  milk 
in  the  udder  at  each  milking.  Great  care 
must  be  taken  to  avoid  causing  inflamma¬ 
tion  of  the  udder.  If  any  symptoms  of 
inflammation  appear  treat  as  so  often  ad¬ 
vised  here  for  garget.  A.  s.  A. 

Reduced  Milk  Flow. 

I  have  a  cow  13  years  old  that  came 
fresh  June  21,  1909,  was  farrow  last  year 
and  came  fresh  again  this  Fall,  November 
12,  1910.  She  gave  milk  till  she  freshened 
and  when  she  came  fresh  only  gave  four 
quarts  a  day  for  two  weeks,  and  now  Is 
only  giving  six  quarts  a  day.  I  am  feed¬ 
ing  her  corn  fodder  morning  and  night, 
good  hay  at  noon  and  eight  quarts  of  grain 
a  day.  I  am  feeding  her  equal  parts  of 
meal,  wheat  middlings  and  buckwheat 
middlings.  She  seems  to  be  healthy  ana 
in  a  good  condition.  Is  there  anything  to 
do  to  start  the  milk,  or  would  I  better 
dry  her  off  and  beef  her?  She  is  one  of 
my  best  cows.  e.  l.  s. 

Pennsylvania. 

Give  her  a  pound  of  mixed  meals  per  100 
pounds  of  live  weight  as  a  day's  ration 
and  let  dried  brewers’  grains,  cotton-seed 
meal  and  bran  form  part  of  the  ration. 
Prefer  mixed  clover  hay  to  Timothy  hay. 
If  possible  feed  some  silage  or  roots.  Warm 
drinks  of  flaxseed  tea  containing  black 
strap  molasses,  given  two  or  three  times 
daily,  shoTild  help  to  start  the  milk  flow. 
Keep  her  indoors  in  a  clean,  sunny,  well- 
ventilated  stable,  and  take  chill  off  drinking 
water.  a.  s.  a. 


Leaves  ix  Dry  Streams. — The  streams 
of  Long  Island,  especially  along  the  south 
side,  are  dry.  In  their  lieds  are  thousands 
of  loads  of  decayed  leaves  and  vegetable 
matter  which  would  make  excellent  ferti¬ 
lizer.  Why  don’t  the  farmers  draw  it  and 
use  it  as  a  compost  or  top-dressing?  So 
far  as  can  be  seen  from  the  main  thor¬ 
oughfares  no  effort  has  been  made  to  uti¬ 
lize  it.  It  may  soon  be  covered  with  water 
if  we  have  the  nsual  Fall  rains. 

j.  H.  G. 


Q0O/  of  the  World’s 

vO/o  Creameries  Use 

DE  LAVAL 

Cream  Separators 


Ten  years  ago  there  were  a  dozen 
different  makes  of  creamery  or  fac¬ 
tory  separators  in  use.  Today  over  98 
per  cent,  of  the  world’s  creameries  use 
DE  LAVAL  separators  exclusively. 

It  means  a  difference  of  several 
thousand  dollars  a 
year  whether  a  DE 
LAVAL  or  some 
other  make  of  sepa- 
rator  is  used  in 
a  creamery. 

Exactly  the  same 
differences  exist,  on  a 
smaller  scale,  in  the 
use  of  farm,  separa¬ 
tors.  Owing  to  the 
fact,  however,  that 
most  farm  users  do 
not  keep  as  accurate  records  as  the 
creameryman,  they  do  not  appreciate 
just  what  the  difference  between  a 
good  and  a  poor  separator  means  to 
them  in  dollars  and  cents.  Nine 
times  out  of  ten  the  farmer  can’t  tell 
whether  or  not  he  is  wasting  $50  to 
$100  a  year  in  quantity  and  quality  of 
product  through  the  use  of  an  infe¬ 
rior  cream  separator. 

Now,  if  you  were  in  need  of  legal 
advice,  you  would  go  to  a  lawyer.  If 
you  were  sick  you  would  consult  a 
doctor.  If  you  had  the  toothache  you 
would  call  on  a  dentist.  Why?  Be¬ 
cause  these  men  are  all  specialists  in 
their  line,  and  you  rely  upon  their 
judgment  and  skill.  When  it  comes 
to  buying  a  separator  why  not  profit 
by  the  experience  of  the  creamery- 
man?  His  experience  qualifies  him 
to  advise  yon  correctly.  He  knoios 
which  separator  will  give  you  the 
best  service  and  be  the  most  economi¬ 
cal  for  yon  to  buy.  That’s  why  984 
of  the  world’s  creameries  use  the  DE 
LAVAL  exclusivelv. 

There  can  he  no  better  recommen¬ 
dation  for  the-DE  LAVAL  than  the 
fact  that  the  men  who  make  the  sep¬ 
aration  of  milk  a  business  use  the  DE 
LAVAL  to  the  practical  exclusion  of 
all  other  makes. 


THE  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  CO. 

165-167  Broadway  42  E.  Madison  Sf.  ' 

NEW  YORK  CHICAGO 


49 


Made  for  the  Man 
Who  Wants 
the  Bes* 


Make 

$4.00  to  $8.00  More 
From  Each  Acre  Sure! 


wBst 

The  One  Spreader 

That  Stands  the  Strain 

You  want  a  strong  spreader — one  that  can  stand  the  strain.  There  is  only  one  in 
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Western  is  the  only  spreader  strong  enough  to  stand  the  strain.  When  you  know 
what  other  spreaders  are  made  of  it  won’t  be  hard  for  you  to  understand  why  they 
are  not  strong  enough  to  stand  up  under  the  heavy  loads  and  hard  work.  The 

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Spreader  has  an  endless  apron  that  runs  on  3  sets  of  extra  large  rollers— 
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big  malleable  fifth  wheel  is  attached  to  two,  big,  solid  oak  bolsters,  by 
malleable  braces.  The  Great  Western  front  trucks  are  set  two  feet 
under  the  load — so  the  load  is  carried  equally  on  the  four  wheels. 

Great  Western  poleis  made  of  solid  oak — not  pine  or  inferior  woods. 

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60 


THE  RURAt  NEW-YORKER 


January  14, 


FEEDING  PROBLEMS. 

Under  this  heading  we  endeavor  to  give  advice 
and  suggestions  about  feeding  mixtures  of  grains 
and  fodders.  No  definite  rules  are  given,  but  the 
advice  is  based  upon  experience  and  average 
analyses  of  foods.  By  ‘‘protein”  is  meant  the 
elements  in  the  food  which  go  to  make  muscle  or 
lean  meat.  “Carbohydrates”  comprise  the  starch, 
sugar,  etc.,  which  make  fat  and  provide  fuel  for 
the  body,  while  “fat”  is  the  pure  oil  found  in 
foods.  Dry  matter”  means  the  weight  of  actual 
food  left  in  fodder  or  grain  when  all  the  water  is 
driven  off.  A  “narrow  ration”  means  one  in  which 
the  proportion  of  protein  to  carbohydrates  is  close 
—a  “wide”  ration  means  one  which  shows  a  larger 
proportion  of  carbohydrates. 


Cabbage  in  Milk  Ration. 

Will  you  tell  me  how  I  can,  to  the  best 
advantage,  use  the  following  food  stuffs 
fed  for  producing  milk?  Some  clover  and 
plenty  Timothy  hay,  lots  of  cabbage,  tur¬ 
nips,  oats,  buckwheat,  peas  and  oats,  corn 
fodder.  What  is  the  best  grain  to  feed  with 
cabbage  to  form  a  balanced  ration,  and 
how  much  per  cow?  w.  h.  c. 

Caneadea,  N.  Y. 

You  can  make  a  fairly  well-balanced 
ration  for  the  production  of  milk  with 
the  feeding  stuffs  mentioned  without 
buying  anything  more.  Clover,  cab¬ 
bage  and  peas  are  all  rich  in  protein, 
and  make  up  for  what  the  others  lack. 
Timothy  hay  is  not  a  good  feed  for 
milk  production,  but  when  cut  early  it 
can  form  a  small  part  of  the  ration. 
Buckwheat  can  usually  be  sold  at  a 
higher  figure  than  can  be  realized  for  it 
when  fed  to  dairy  cows.  If  you  have  a 
good  market  for  Timothy  hay  and  buck¬ 
wheat,  without  too  long  a  haul,  I  would 
advise  selling  them  and  buying  such 
feeds  as  wheat  bran,  dried  brewers’  and 
distillers’  giains,  gluten  or  cotton  seed. 

Cabbage  is  an  excellent  feed  for  the 
production  of  milk,  and  can  be  fed  free¬ 
ly  once  a  day  with  splendid  results.  It 
is  impossible  for  me  to  say  that  any 
particular  grain  is  best  to  feed  with 
cabbage  as  so  much  depends  upon  the 
conditions  under  which  a  person  is 
working,  especially  the  roughage  used 
for  the  remainder  of  the  ration.  As 
cabbage  contains  85  per  cent,  water  it 
cannot  entirely  take  the  place  of  dry 
feeds,  but  should  be  used  to  supple¬ 
ment  them  and  furnish  succulence.  The 
nutritive  ratio  of  cabbage  is  1:5:1,  so 
it  will  be  seen  that  it  is  a  little  narrower 
than  is  required  for  a  balanced  ration. 
When  fed  freely  it  has  a  tendency  to 
produce  a  laxative  condition  of  the 
cow’s  digestion.  This  should  be  watched 
closely  by  the  feeder  and  the  amount 
used  regulated  accordingly.  Turnips 
should  be  cut  into  small  pieces  before 
feeding  by  running  them  through  a  root 
cutter.  Both  cabbage  and  turnips 
should  be  fed  soon  after  milking,  to 
prevent  tainting  the  milk.  The  follow¬ 
ing  ration  is  compounded  from  the 
,  feeding  stuffs  mentioned  : 


Digestible 

Pro- 

Carb’s 

Feeding  stuffs.  Dry  matter. 

tein. 

and  Pat. 

Corn  fodder.  5  lbs.  2.9 

.125 

1.865 

Clover  hay,  7  lbs...  5.95 

.470 

2.772 

Timothy  hay,  5  lbs.  4.35 

.14 

2.325 

Cabbage,  20  lbs _  3. 

.36 

1.82 

Turnips,  5  lbs . 5 

.05 

.385 

Ground  oats.  4  lbs.  3.56 

.368 

2  272 

Ground  peas.  4  lbs.  3.0 
Ground  buckwheat. 

.672 

2.136 

2  lbs .  1.74 

.154 

1.066 

25.6 

2.34 

14.64 

While  this  ration  is  a  little  too  wide, 
having  a  ratio  of  1:6.2,  it  is  doubtful  if 
it  would  pay  to  buy  feed  to  make  it 
narrower  unless  you  can  make  some  of 
the  changes  mentioned  above,  c.  s.  G. 

A  Kentucky  Ration. 

For  our  dairy  herd  we  have  pea-vine 
hay,  wheat  and  oats  ground  together,  by 
weight  120  pounds  wheat  to  35  pounds 
oats.  Oats  bought  at  50  cents  a  bushel, 
wheat  grown  on  farm  and  worth  00  cents. 
Corn  crushed,  cob  and  all ;  all  grown  on 
place  but  oats.  Cotton-seed  meal.  $30  per 
ton ;  linseed  meal,  $34  :  bran,  $29.  For 
another  herd  we  have  the  same  feed  except 
oats,  hay  in  place  of  cow-pea  hay,  or 
can  feed  of  both.  Also  compound  me  a 
ration  using  Alfalfa  hay  in  place  of  pea- 
vine. 

Kentucky.  M.  s.  b. 

Here  are  the  analyses  of  two  rations 
which  are  nearly  balanced,  one  using 
Alfalfa  alone  and  the  other  using  equal 
parts  cow-pea  hay  and  hay  from  oats : 


Digestible 

Pro- 

Carb's 

Feeding  stuffs.  Dry  matter. 

tein. 

and  Fat. 

Alfalfa,  15  lbs _ 12.80 

1.65 

6.345 

Corn  and  cob  meal, 

8  lbs . G.S0 

.352 

5.32 

Ground  oats,  1  lb..  .89 

.  092 

.  568 

Ground  wheat,  3% 

lbs .  3.15 

.857 

2.55 

Oil  meal,  1  lb . 91 

.293 

.485 

24.55 

2.744 

15.268 

Nutritive 

ratio  1 

:  5.56. 

Oats  hay,  10  lbs...  8.4 

.40 

3.711 

I’eavine  hay,  10  lbs.  8.93 

1.079 

4.18 

Ground  oats,  1  lb..  89. 

.092 

.568 

Ground  wheat.  3% 

lbs . .  3.15 

.357 

2.55 

Coru  and  cob  meal, 

3  lbs . 2.55 

.132 

1 .995 

Oil  meal,  2  lbs -  1.82 

.586 

.97 

25.74 

2.646 

13.974 

Nutritive  ratio 

1  :  5.3. 

If  you  desire  to  feed  the  cow-pea  hay 
alone  for  roughage  you  can  simply  sub¬ 
stitute  it  for  the  Alfalfa  in  that  ration 
as  the  analysis  is  practically  the  same 
for  both.  I  would  not  advise  feeding 
the  oats  hay  alone,  as  you  will  find  your 


cows  will  do  better  on  a  ration  com¬ 
posed  partly  of  cow-pea  or  Alfalfa  hay 
than  they  will  when  fed  hay  from  oats 
exclusively.  You  will  notice  in  the  two 
rations  I  have  compounded  for  you  that 
you  will  not  have  to  buy  much  feed  to 
make  your  rations  balance  as  you  raise 
everything  except  oats  and  oil  meal, 
both  of  which  are  used  in  very  small 
quantities.  I  am  sure  these  rations  will 
produce  good  results  when  properly  fed 
to  good  cows.  c.  s.  G. 

Ration  with  Mixed  Materials. 

Will  you  please  tell  me  how  I  can  to  the 
best  advantage  use  the  following  food  stuffs 
in  ration  for  cows  fed  for  producing  milk? 
1  have  on  hand  silage,  dried  barley  grains, 
dried  beet  pulp,  dairy  feed,  gluten  feed  and 
hay,  clover  and  Timothy  mixed,  a.  H.  b. 

New  York. 

The  object  of  compounding  rations 
for  readers  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  is  to  show 
how  to  mix  your  own  balanced  rations, 
thus  saving  the  cost  of  buying  them 
ready  mixed.  The  dairy  feed,  accord¬ 
ing  to  Bulletin  324  issued  by  the  New 
York  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 
at  Geneva,  is  composed  of  cotton-seed 
meal,  molasses,  cleaned  grain  screen¬ 
ings,  salt  and  oat  clips.  It  analyzes 
about  the  same  as  other  molasses  feeds, 
but  the  man  who  buys  it  pays  a  good 
price  for  mixing  and  advertising  it.  I 
would  not  advise  its  use  after  your 
present  supply  is  exhausted.  Dried  beet 
pulp  also  is  not  necessary  if  you  have 
plenty  of  silage.  If  not,  the  dried  pulp 
makes  an  excellent  substitute.  The  fol¬ 
lowing  ration  is  a  little  wider  than  the 
standard  calls  for,  but  it  will  produce 
good  results  in  practice. 


Digestible 

Pro- 

Carb’s 

Feeding  stuffs. 

Dry  matter. 

tein. 

and  Fat. 

40  lbs.  silage. 

_  8.4 

.36 

5.16 

12  lbs.  mixed 

hay 

and  clover  . 

_ 10.14 

.744 

5.52 

5  lbs.  dried  brewers 

trains  . 

_  4.6 

.785 

2.39 

3  lbs.  gluten  feed..  2.7 

.696 

2.097 

26.14 

2.58 

15.167 

Nutritive  ratio  1 :  5.9. 

If  you  have  the  dairy  feed  and  beet 
pulp  on  hand  you  can  use  one  or  two 
pounds  of  each  in  the  ration,  reducing 
the  total  amount  fed  correspondingly. 
In  making  any  change  of  course  you 
must  realize  that  it  must  be  made  very 
gradually,  during  a  week  or  two  if  the 
best  results  are  expected.  If  you  can 
get  dried  distillers’  grain  like  Biles 
XXXX  or  Ajax  flakes  and  would  use 
that  instead  of  the  brewers’  grains  you 
tvould  have  as  good  a  ration  as  you  can 
find.  _ _  c.  s.  G. 


“This  is  the  fourth  time  you  have 
asked  me  to  marry  you,”  said  the  good- 
looking  girl,  resentfully.  “I  am  sure  I 
have  never  encouraged  you.”  “I  don’t 
know  about  that,”  replied  the  serious 
young  man.  “You’re  the  only  girl  I 
know  who  doesn’t  laugh  when  I  propose 
to  her.” — Washington  Star. 


APPLETON  QUALITY 
WOOD  SAWS? 


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whether  it  be  for  cord  wood,  poles  or  logs. 
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Also  ask  for  our  free  general  catalogue 
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THE  FOOS  MFG.  CO..  Box  229  Springfield,  Ohio 


$2618  PROFIT  PER  ACRE 

On  a  patch  of  ground  containing  840  square  feet,  C.  C. 
Woodruff,  of  Illinois,  raised  produce  that  netted  him  $51.34 
— or  at  the  rate  of  $2618  per  acre.  He  probably  could  not 
have  made  that  much  on  a  full  acre,  but  his  figures  go  to 
show  how  many  ways  there  are  to  make  and  save  money  in 
the  ordinary  small  garden.  There  is  money  in  back  yards. 

If  Your  Garden  Isn’t  Producing  Good 
Profit  It’s  Not  the  Garden’s  Fault 

There  is  a  gold  mine  in  your  garden  if  you  know  how  to  find  it. 
You  don’t  have  to  seek  far  or  work  hard  to  locate  it.  You  simply  have 
to  know  a  few  things,  either  by  experience  or  from  some  one  who  is  an 
expert  garden -miner.  One  of  the  latter  now  ofteis  to  owners  of  small 
gardens  the  new  booklet, 

Garden  Gold 


written  to  show  you  how  to  get  produce  and  profits  out  of  your  garden.  Hun¬ 
dreds  and  thousands  of  people  have  done  it — men  like  Chas.  C.  Woodruff,  of 
Illinois,  who  raised  fifty-five  dollars’  worth  of  produce  on  840  square  feet  of 
ground — at  the  rate  of  $2,805  worth  per  acre  a  season;  or  H.  S.  Weber,  a  Penn¬ 
sylvania  gardener,  who  figured  his  year’s  receipts  on  a  patch  of  seven  acres  at  $1700. 

Read  these  subject  headings  that  occur  here  and  there  in  this  great  little 
book,  and  then  read  how  you  can  get  it  at  a  bargain  : 

“Locating  the  Garden  Mine,”  “Small  Areas  Most  Profitable,”  “The  Secret 
of  Drawing  Fertility  from  the  Air,”  “Planting  Pointers,”  “Methods  of  Keeping 
Moisture  in  Soils,”  “Storing  for  High  Winter  Prices,”  “$500  Annually  per 
Acre”  (from  Celery),  “Sweet  Potatoes  a  Paying  Specialty,”  “How  to  Market 
Vegetables,”  etc.,  etc. 


Reduce  the  Cost  of  Living 


If  you  raise  no  garden  vegetables  for  market,  you  can  still  raise  them  for 
your  own  table;  it  is  amazing  how  even  a  tiny  back  yard  can  cut  down  huckster 
bills.  All  it  needs  is  intelligent  care  and  a  handbook  that  is  especially  adapted 
for  money-making  in  small  patches  of  ground — in  other  words,  “Garden  Gold.” 

There  is  only  one  way  to  get  this  new  and  valuable  work,  and  that  is  with 
Farm  Journal. 


Farm  Journal  comes  once  a  month,  and  each  copy  is  a  kind  of  little  brother 
to  “Garden  Gold.”  It  is  an  intimate,  friendly,  neighborly  sort  of  paper,  with 
well  written  departments  that  will  appeal  to  every  member  of  your  family. 
Every  page  is  full  of  the  soundest,  most  practical  reading,  the  most  helpful 
information  on  gardening,  poultry,  horses,  berries,  fruit,  the  dairy,  and  all  the 
multitudes  of  farm  interests.  A  splendid  new  series  of  ai-ticles  called  “Back  to 
the  Soil,”  by  city  people  who  have  actually  gone  to  the  country,  and  who  give 
the  most  absorbing  accounts  of  their  successes  or  failures.  Farm  Journal  is  the 
standard  agricultural  paper  of  the  world.  Has  750,000  subscribers  already,  and 
insists  on  a  full  million.  Regardless  of  what  yon  may  think  now,  it  is  the 
paper  for  you  if  you  have  a  back  yard,  a  berry  patch,  a  fruit  tree,  a  few  hens, 
or  any  patch  of  ground  as  large  as  a  napkin.  Unlike  any  other  paper. 


You  get  F arm  Journal 
for  four  years  with 
“Garden  Gold,**  post¬ 
paid,  for  only  .  .  . 

Book  and  Paper  may  go  to  different 
addresses  if  necessary. 

“Garden  Gold”  and  Farm  Journal  will  make 
money  for  any  garden  owner  who  will  read 
them.'  J  u.st  ciit  out  and  mail  the  coupon. 

Farm  Journal,  do  ciifton  st.,  Philadelphia 

If  you  order  within  Ten  Days  we  will  also 
Include  Free  “  Poor  Richard  Revived,” 
splendid  48-page  Almanac  for  1911, 
full  of  wit  and  wisdom. 


FARM  JOURNAL, 

130  Clifton  St.,  Philadelphia. 

Gentlemen— I  enclose  $1.00,  for  which 
send  “Garden  Gold”  (postpaid)  and  Farm 
Journal  for  four  full  years,  to 

Name . 

P.  O . 

R.  F.  D.  or  St . State . 

Include  the  Almanac  FREE  if  this 
order  is  received  in  time. 


1911. 

The  Henyard. 

POULTRY  IN  SMALL  RUN. 

R.  Thomas's  article  on  page  1106  on 
poultry  yards  is  so  interesting  we  would 
like  to  have  another  article,  touching  on 
the  following  points :  Can  the  hens  be  kept 
healthy  in  these  narrow  quarters  the  entire 
year?  Are  the  young  chickens  raised  en¬ 
tirely  in  these  quarters?  Is  it  best  to 
divide  the  chickens  in  small  colonies  of 
one  cock  and  say  dozen  hens,  or  it  is  prac¬ 
tical  to  put  100  hens  and  six  or  eight 
cocks  in  one  run?  s.  r.  c. 

Rome,  Ga. 

I  must  say  that  chickens  are  certainly 
healthier  in  my  Summer  runs,  for  I  have 
had  no  sickness  at  all  in  them.  I  have 
a  large  open-front  poultry  house  that  I 
only  use  in  the  Winter  months,  and  I 
have  occasional  sickness  in  them.  I 
should  think  in  Georgia  my  narrow  runs 
would  be  ideal  the  year  round,  for  they 
are  always  clean  and  fresh.  For  breed¬ 
ing  stock  I  would  keep  12  hens  and  1 
cock  in  each  section  (16x4  feet),  but 
for  laying  stock  I  would  keep  100  hens 
or  more  together,  but  no  cocks,  at  the 
rate  of  20  hens  per  section.  I  would  keep 
100  small  chicks  in  one  section,  from  one 
to  three,  weeks  old,  and  add  one  or 
more  sections  on  as  they  grew  larger, 
and  I  keep  them  there  till  November.  I 
think  in  Georgia  you  could  keep  them 
all  the  year.  My  growing  chickens  do 
better  in  these  yards  than  in  free  range, 
and  the  quantity  remains  the  same,  for 
with  free  range  there  are  always  a  largo 
number  which  disappear,  besides  what 
are  drowned  in  thunderstorms.  The 
grass  does  not  get  so  long  and  there 
are  no  tall  weeds,  so  they  do  not  get 
wet  with  dew  and  rain  as  they  would 
with  free  range,  but  move  daily,  or  at  the 
most  every  two  days.  The  runs  could 
be  made  wider,  say  eight  feet,  but  rhey 
are  not  so  handy  to  move,  and  would 
be  very  likely  left  when  other  work  is 
pressing.  The  16x4  runs  can  be  moved 
so  easily  it  does  not  count  among  the 
many  jobs  on  a  truck  and  poultry  farm. 

R.  THOMAS. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


New  York  Poultry  Show. 

The  Poultry,  Pigeon  and  Pet  Stock  As¬ 
sociation  held  its  2  2d  annual  show  in 
Madison  Square  Garden  December  27-31. 
As  usual  excellent  specimens  of  all  the 
standard  and  fancy  breeds  were  there.  The 
greatest  apparent  increase  was  in  the  Or¬ 
pington  class.  These  large,  handsome  birds 
make  tine  table  fowls  and  are  said  to  be 
good  layers.  Fancy  prices,  from  $500  to 
$1,000,  were  put  on  some  of  the  prize  win¬ 
ners.  A  Connecticut  man  had  a  large 
collection  of  fancy  ducks  and  other  water 
fowls,  pheasants,  cranes,  storks,  etc.  This 
annual  show  is  well  worthy  of  study  by 
both  the  fancy  breeder  and  the  strictly 
utility  poultryman,  as  there  is  opportunity 
to  see  a  great  variety  of  birds  in  a  short 
time  and  ask  any  desired  questions.  There 
was  a  cat,  pigeon  and  pet  stock  depart¬ 
ment  for  those  interested  in  these  matters. 


SPROUTED  OATS  FOR  POULTRY. 

We  receive  many  questions  from  people 
who  want  to  know  how  to  prepare  sprouted 
oats  for  poultry.  Sprouted  oafs  make  a 
most  convenient  and  excellent  green  feed 
for  Winter — in  some  respects  better  than 
anything  else.  A  recent  bulletin  from  Cor¬ 
nell  University  shows  how  the  oats  are 
prepared.  A  rack  with  several  shelves  is 
very  useful  in  preparing  the  oats.  The 
rack  in  question  is  constructed  of  four 
2x4-inch  sticks,  six  feet  long.  These  are 
used  as  corner  posts  fastened  by  horizontals 
with  their  top  edges  10  inches  apart.  The 
corners  themselves  are  two  feet  six  inciic3 
apart  by  outside  measurement  and  the  two 
pieces  of  cleated  sticks  are  fastened  to¬ 
gether  exactly  two  feet  six  inches  apart 
Inside  measurement  with  the  cleats  on 
the  inside.  A  diagonal  brace  is  nailed  at 
the  back  of  the  frame.  The  cleats  serve 
as  slides  and  supports  for  the  shelves, 
which  are  exactly  two  feet  six  inches 
square  and  two  inches  deep.  The  bottom 
is  made  solid  except  for  a  few  holes  to 
allow  for  drainage.  One  trouble  with 
sprouted  oats  has  been  that  smut  or  mold 
develops  during  the  sprouting.  Iu  order  to 
prevent  this  the  oats  are  treated  with 
formalin  the  same  as  when  they  are  used 
for  seed.  One  pint  of  formalin  in  30  gal¬ 
lons  of  water  or  in  smaller  proportions 
will  answer.  The  oats  are  spread  on  a 
tight  floor  and  the  liquid  sprinkled  over 
them.  They  must  then  be  thoroughly  mixed 
with  a  shovel  and  a  rake  and  after  mixing 
up  into  a  wet  pile  covered  with  blankets 
and  left  for  12  hours,  then  the  blankets 
are  removed  and  the  oats  dried  by  stirring 
about.  They  can  be  kept  in  sacks  or  in 
bins  which  have  also  been  sprayed  with 
the  formalin.  For  sprouting  soak  the  oats 
for  24  hours,  using  warm  water.  One 
10-quart  pail  of  oats  will  make  enough 
for  one  tray.  Sprinkle  each  trayful 
of  the  oats  with  warm  water  every  morn¬ 
ing.  The  time  required  for  the  oats  to 
sprout  and  grow  will  depend  upon  the 
temperature  of  the  room.  Under  artificial 
heat  about  a  week  or  10  days  will  be  re¬ 
quired  to  make  a  growth  of  about  three 
inches  high.  By  this  time  there  will  be 
a  solid  mat  of  roots  all  through  the  oats 
and  this  can  be  cut  off  in  chunks.  The 
ordinary  requirement  is  about  one  square 
inch  of  such  growth  per  hen  each  day. 
By  keeping  all  the  troughs  filled  as  fast 
as  they  are  fed  out  a  constant  supply 
will  be  on  hand  and  it  will  make  a  most 
excellent  feed  for  the  poultry. 


“GROWTH”  ON  CHICKEN’S  TOES. 

I  saw  on  page  1171  that  II.  .T.  F.'s  hens 
have  large  growths  on  the  end  of  their 
toes.  The  probable  reason  is  that  they, 
have  been  scratching  in  damp  coal  ashes 
or  mud  until  it  has  accumulated  on  their 
toes.  If  he  will  take  a  hammer  and  lay, 
the  hen's  toes  on  the  floor  and  give  the 
bunches  on  the  toes  a  light  tap  they  will 
crack  off.  I  have  had  hens  in  the  same 
condition.  c.  b.  f. 

.  Concord,  N.  n. 

The  inquiry  concerning  lumps  oq  the 
toes  of  White  Leghorns,  which  “look  like 
lumps  of  mud,”  by  H.  J.  F„  page  1171, 
facetiously  commented  upon  by  Mr.  Cos¬ 
grove,  is  very  probably  not  a  “growth” 
from  the  system  of  the  birds,  but  an  ac¬ 
cumulation  of  filth  due  to  the  hens’  scratch¬ 
ing  or  standing  in  wet  or  moist  manure 
of  their  own  making.  A  mucilaginous  con¬ 
sistency  of  the  excrement  of  chickens  very 
often  pertains  when  they  are  not  in  best 
of  health.  These  balls  will  therefore  some¬ 
times  form  on  a  hen's  feet-  if  she  roosts  on 
the  droppings  board  instead  of  roosts 
proper,  and  if  she  is  not  a  lively  bird  she 
will  pick  up  on  her  sticky  toes  dust  or  soil 
from  the  droppings  board  or  floor  of  the 
coop,  thus  accumulating  night  and  day, 
first  manure,  then  dirt,  which  dries  in  lay¬ 
ers  until  the  mass  becomes,  may  be,  as 
large  as  English  walnuts  and  as  hard  as 
concrete.  Little  chickens  will  do  this, 
much  more  readily,  if  allowed  to  walk  in 
the  mud  of  a  dirty  coop,  especially  if  their 
dry  mash  forms  a  part  of  the  paste — a 
slopped-over  drinking  fountain  together 
with  the  filth  is  most  often  the  cause. 
When  I  first  discovered  this  condition  some 
years  ago  in  a  neighbor’s  coop  the  little 
chickens  beat  a  veritable  tattoo  upon  the 
floor  running  for  feed.  It  will  bo  thus 
noted  that  such  a  condition  of  chickens’ 
feet  does  not  compliment  their  owner 
much,  but  if  II.  J.  F.  will  soak  the  feet  of 
his  Leghorns  in  very  warm  water  and 
gradually  soften  these  masses  they  will 
come  off.  But  in  no  case  try  to  force  them 
off  until  soft,  or  the  skin  of  the  toes  and 
probably  the  toenails  will  come  off  them. 
Then  if  he  will  ever  after  keep  clean  he 
will  have  no  further  trouble. 

Long  Island.  Charles  e.  thorne. 


Ganders  Sing  Tenor. 

Can  you  tell  me  how  to  recognize  the 
sex  of  Toulouse  geese  before  they  begin 
laying?  j.  h.  n. 

Toulouse  ganders  are  larger  than  the 
geese,  and  can  readily  be  distinguished  by 
their  sharp,  shrill  voice  when  calling  for 
their  mates.  Remove  each  bird  separately 
from  the  rest  of  the  flock  and  observe 
the  noise  they  make.  A  goose  has  a  low 
bass  voice  quite  unlike  that  of  the  gander. 

C.  s.  G. 


The  Sunflower  Crop, 

Can  you  tell  me  how  large  growers  of 
sunflowers  harvest  their  crop? 

Vermont.  d.  b.  ii. 

We  raised  three  acres  on  our  poultry 
farm  this  year,  but  as  we  had  2,000  grow¬ 
ing  chickens  in  the  same  field,  and  2,000 
more  in  the  field  adjoining,  in  addition  to 
1,500  laying  hens  here  at  the  plant,  we 
were  enabled  to  feed  nearly  all  of  the  seed 
as  fast  as  it  ripened,  being  obliged  to 
gather  and  cure  only  about  15  bushels. 
These  heads  were  cut  and  spread  on  the 
ground  for  a  few  days,  and  then  the  seed 
pounded  out.  We  then  spread  it  on  the 
barn  floor,  shoveling  it  over  each  day  for 
about  a  week.  This,  of  course,  would  be 
impractical  had  we  been  obliged  to  gather 
the  entire  crop.  I  believe,  some  growers 
cut  and  shock  sunflowers  the  same  as 
corn,  allowing  the  shock  to  stand  as  late 
as  possible.  Even  then  it  is  necessary  to 
spread  the  seed  out  in  order  to  cure  them 
thoroughly.  w.  g.  krum. 

Cornell. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
"a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


Monarch 


Hydraulic 

Cider  Press 


Great  strength  and  ca¬ 
pacity;  all  sizes;  also 
gasoline  engines, 
steam  engines, 
sawmills,  thresh- 

—  -  ers.  Catalog  free. 

Monarch  Machinery  Co*  609  Cortlandt  Bids..  New  York 

Your  FATHERS 

uncles,  older  brothers  and 
MAYBE.  YOU 
saw  ourad.intheseeolumns 

Twenty  Odd  Years  Aqo 

bought  the  CHARTER  and  it 
is  in  use  yet.  Record  ? 
Want  our  Catalog  ’  State 
Power  needs. 

Gasoline,  Kerosene,  etc. 
Charter  Gas  Enoine  Co.,  P.  0.  Box  26,  Sterlinu.  III.,  U.S.  A. 


CLUC, 

LngineJ 


KEROSENE 


For  Farm,  Shop  and  Home 

Runs  perfectly  on  kerosene,  gasoline, 
distillate,  any  fuel  oil.  Hundred  less 
parts.  Patent  throttle  gives  three  en¬ 
gines  for  price  of  one.  Single  spark 
ignition  saves  75  %  battery  cost.  Force 
feed  lubricator— perfect  oiling.  Double 

duty  tank  revo-  We  Pay  the  Frelaht 

lutionizes  cooling  sys¬ 
tems.  Automobile  muffler 
Ball  bearing  governor^ 

Starts  inatantly,  no 
pre-heating,  no  crank.' 

Experience  unnecea 
sary.  Women  can  op- 
erate.  Mounted  on 
•kid*  or  truck*.  Vib¬ 
ration  eliminated.  .. 

Come*  complete,  test-  / 
ed,  r  ea  d  y  to  run 
rwice  os  good  at  half 
the  price. 

Free  Trial 

No  obligation  till  satis* 

Cod  10-year  ouaraatte. 

**  Engine  Facta'  *  frte; 

Write  for  it  NO  W- 

ELLIS  ENGINE  CL  . 

K1  Mullatt  St..  Datrait,  Mid- 


61 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y .  and  you  11  get  a  quick  reply  and 
"a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


[«CA»  1WIAT60  Dairymen,  Take  a  Look  at  the 
STRITE  GOVERNOR  PULLEY 

It's  the  original  and  <4only 
thing  for  driving  cream  nei>- 
arators  with  gasoline  en¬ 
gines.  Once  tried,  always 
used.  THY  ONE.  A sk  your 
dealer  for  a  “sTIUTK”  or 
■write  us  direct.  Don’t  take 
an  imitation. 


A  sufficient  quantity  to  make 

4  Pails  on  lOO 
Pounds  of 

the  Beat 
Stock  Tonic,  Con¬ 
ditioner,  Regula¬ 
tor  or  Condition 
Powder  on  Earth. 

The  whole  story  in  a  not  shell. 

KVneTenIK  is  the  most 
carefully  prepared  Tonic, 

Regulator  or  Conditioner 
on  the  market  with  the 
Filler  and  Salt  left  out. 

It  is  a  carefully  com¬ 
pounded  prescription, 
reflecting  experience, 
experiments  and  act¬ 
ual  tests  of  tlio  most 
successful  Farmers, 

Stock  Raisers,  Veter¬ 
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Chemists  of  the  world, 
including  the  results  ob¬ 
tained  by  tile  Agricultural 
Experiment  Stations. 

It  coinesto  you  in  con¬ 
centrated  form  and  all 
you  have  to  do  is  to  mix  it 
with  salt  and  middlings, 
bran, corn  meal.oil  meal  or 
any  other  gronnd  feed  you 
may  he  using,  to  get  tile 
best  Stock  Tonlc.Con- 
dltloner,  C  o  n  d  i  1 1  o  n 

Powder  or  Regulator  _ 

on  earth,  at  about  1-tenth  the  price  you  are  now  paving.  Givo 
us  a  chance  to  prove  nnr  claims.  We  will  send  you  afull  sized 
Dollar  Package  absolutely  free.  Not  a  cent  to  he  paid  us 
either  now  or  at  any  time  in  the  future. 

Only  One  Package 

8en?  °w?P‘,li;kaKe  •"  this  manner,  and 
.1?  Ckag°  1*1  You  decide  for  yourself 

whether  our  claims  are  true.  Sit  right  down  and 
fill  out  this  coupon  today  and  make  us  “show you." 
We  know  after  you  have  tried  KlneTeniK  you  will 
Insist  upon  your  dealer  supplying  you. 

Co”  DeP‘-  342  Wellsboro,  Pa. 

■  H.F.Bash, Gen.  Mgr.KarBraK Chemical  Co.  Depl.  342  Wellsboro,  Pa  2 

Z  ™a  absolutely  free,  a  dollar  package  of  2 

•  KmeTen.K.  I  am  not  to  pay  you  one  cent  for  this  ■ 

•  Package  either  now  or  at  any  time  in  the  future.  ! 

■  ■ 

J  Name . 

j  ™ . ZZ\Z\ZZZZZ\Z\\  \ 1 

5  . Express  Office .  J 

I  County . . .  J 

;  own... Horses. ..Cows...Hogs  and  . acre  farm  2 

i  DEALERS:  Our  line  is  sold  through  Local  Dealers  ■ 

•  Send  for  the  best  Sales  Plan  ever  conceived.  *  2 


Strife  Governor  Pulley  Co. 
°;L  357  Sooth  Third  Street 

to*J  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


Death  ths  Stomach 

Worms  Guaranteed 

We  will  send  you  100  lbs.  of  DR. 
HOLLAND'S  MEDICATED  STOCK 
BALT  on  00  day*’  trial  freight, 
prepaid.  If  you  derive  no  benetlt, 
it  costs  you  nothing;  if  you  do,  It 
costs  you  $a.00.  Give  us  your  or¬ 
der  at  once. 

The  HOLLAND  STOCK  REMEDY 
COMPANY,  Wellington.  Ohio. 


,r  ROBERTSON’S  CHAIN 
L  HANGING  STANCHIONS 
“1  have  used  them  for  more 
than  TWENTY  YEARS,  and  they 
have  given  the  very  best  of  satis¬ 
faction  in  every  way,”  writes 
Justus  H.  Cooley,  M.D.,  Plainfield 
Sanitarium,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

Thirty  days’  trial  on  application 

O.  II.  ROBERTSON 
Wash.  St.,  Forestville,  Conn. 


CRUMB’S 

STANCHION 


“  Aly  bam  that  was 

BURNED 

was  fitted  with  Crumb's 
Warrlner  Stanchions.  If  it 
had  not  been  for  the  ease  with 
which  these  fasteners  were 
opened  I  should  have  lost  my 
cows,”  writes  Mr.  Everett 
Gains,  Bernardstown,  Mass. 
Booklet  Free. 

WALLACE  H.  CRTJMH,  BoxMo,  Forest  v  I  lie,  Conn, 


EXCELSIOR  SWING  STANCHION 

'^9  “New  Modern” 

//  SanitarySteelStalls 

jj 

Warranted  The  Best.  30  Days’  Triad 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  when  open 
Noiseless  Simple  Sanitary  Durable 

i 

//  Wood  orSteel  Stanchions  (chain  or 
//  swivel  hungi,  Litter  and  Feed 
lj  Carriers,  Watering  Basins,  etc. 

/  Glor  Bros.  &  Willis  Mfg.  Co. 

Jy-SJ 

The  Wasson  Stanchion  Co., 

j  78  Main  Street,  Attica,  N.  Y. 

Hox  60,  Cnlnt,  N.  Y. 

‘‘EVERYTHING  FOR  THE  EARN" 

COW  COMFORT 

Means  additional  profit.  Simple, 
tlui'nblc,  easily  locked.  Foster 
Steel  K  t  it  tie  h  )  o  n  h  cannot  bo 
opened  by  the  cattle.  Top  and  bot¬ 
tom  chains  permit  free  head  move¬ 
ment,  standing  or  lying  down,  yet 
keep  cattle  lined  tip  and  clean. 
Writ®  for  new  booklet  showing 
model  stables. 

Foster  Steel  Stanchion  Co., 

906  Ins.  Bldg.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


A  live  man  in  your  neigh¬ 
borhood  can  create  a  good 
business  for  himself  by 
selling  our  fertilizers. 

They  are  rightly  balanced 
and  blended  to  improve 
both  crops  and  soil.  They 
are  well  known  and  pop¬ 
ular,  hence  sell  readily  to 
progressive  farmers. 

We  are  among  the  largest  manufact¬ 
urers  in  the  world.  Our  factories 
never  shut  down. 

Send  for  free  Booklet  and  ask  for 
Agency  today;  address  nearest  office. 

The  American  Agricultural  Chemical  Company 


Baltimore, 

Boston, 

Buffalo, 


Cincinnati, 

Cleveland, 

Detroit, 


Jacksonville, 
Los  Angeles, 
Philadelphia, 


New  York, 
Savannah, 
St.  Louis. 


d  U 


THIS  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


January  14, 


AILING  ANIMALS. 

Bone  Tumor. 

Within  the  last  few  days  one  of  my  cowa 
has  developed  a  bony  lump,  now  about  the 
size  of  a  ben’s  egg,  on  the  edge  of  the 
lower  jaw,  in  a  line  with  the  eye,  and  there 
is  also  a  swelling  in  the  flesh  around  under 
the  hard  lump.  I  cannot  say  what  caused 
the  trouble,  but  I  am  told  it  is  a  ‘'hold¬ 
fast,”  and  that  it  may  prove  very  detrimen¬ 
tal  to  the  cow.  I  am  at  present  painting 
it  with  iodine  three  or  four  times  a  day. 
In  your  opinion  is  this  the  most  correct 
treatment,  and  if  not,  what  would  you  rec¬ 
ommend  me  to  do?  perplexed. 

New  Hampshire. 

“Holdfast”  is  a  fictitious  term,  there  be¬ 
ing  no  such  condition  in  cattle ;  but  horses 
often  have  sores  under  harness  which  are 
rightly  termed  “sitfasts,”  as  there  is  in 
the  center  of  each  a  bit  of  dead  skin  which 
becomes  horny  in  texture  and  has  to  be 
cut  away  before  healing  will  take  place. 
Have  the  lower  molar  teeth  examined,  as  it 
is  just  possible  that  the  bone  tumor  is 
associated  with  a  diseased  condition  of  a 
tooth  and  removal  of  latter  may  be  neces¬ 
sary  as  treatment.  If  no  such  cause  is 
found  “lump  jaw”  (actinomycosis)  proba¬ 
ble  is  present,  and  the  part  should  be  oper¬ 
ated  upon  as  soon  as  possible.  Excision  is 
the  best  remedv,  if  undertaken  at  once ;  but 
treatment  with  iodine  is  intelligent  and 
often  beneficial.  a.  s.  a. 

Abnormal  Sweating. 

Is  there  any  reason  for  a  three-year-old 
mare  that  has  had  moderate  driving  all 
Summer  to  sweat  abnormally?  I  have  one 
which  if  driven  for  a  mile  or  two  at  a  fair 
road  gait  will  be  wet  all  over;  small  drops 
seem  to  stand  out  on  the  ends  of  the  hairs. 
She  is  in  good  condition  and  spirits.  She 
has  been  this  way  ail  Summer,  but  is  worse 
now  considering  the  cold  weather.  Her  feed 
is  eight  quarts  of  oats  a  day  and  good  hay. 
Can  you  give  the  cause  and  remedy? 

New  York.  D.  c.  H. 

Mare  no  doubt  has  indigestion,  and  that 
Is  very  common  when  teeth  are  being  cut 
by  a  three-year-old  animal.  She  will  im¬ 
prove  as  she  ages  and  hardens.  Meanwhile 
reduce  feed  of  oats  two  quarts  and  substi¬ 
tute  wheat  bran  for  the  oats.  See  that  sta¬ 
ble  is  perfectly  ventilated,  as  hot,  stuffy 
stables  induce  such  conditions.  Clipping 
would  be  an  immediate  and  beneficial  cure. 
If  vou  do  not  care  to  have  her  entire  body 
clipped  it  will  suffice  to  clip  the  hair  from 
belly  to  a  line  with  breeching  and  breast 
collar  straps  and  from  there  down  to  knees 
and  hocks.  This  is  the  best  treatment  for 
sweating  in  the  stable.  It  also  is  wonder¬ 
fully  beneficial  in  indigestion.  A.  s.  a. 

Cow  with  Cough. 

Could  you  tell  me  what  is  good  for  a 
cough?  ‘My  'Jersey  cow,  which  is  four 
years  old,  has  had  one  calf ;  has  had  a 
cough  for  quite  a  while.  1  don't  think 
it  is  a  cold,  for  she  has  had  it  all  Sum¬ 
mer.  ...  A:  ?•  . 

Cough  is  merely  an  indication  ot  irri¬ 
tation  affecting  the  throat,  bronchial  tubes 
or  lungs,  and  the  cause  must  be  determined 
before  treatment  can  intelligently  be  ap¬ 
plied.  In  all  cases  of  chronic  cough  in 
cattle  the  first  step  should  be  to  test 
with  tuberculin,  as  tuberculosis  of  the 
glands  of  the  throat  or  of  the  lungs  is 
to  be  suspected,  and  one  would  not  wish 
to  retain  an  animal  so  affected.  The 
tuberculin  will  do  no  harm.  It  is  ab¬ 
solutely  harmless,  and  cannot  possibly 
cause  ‘tuberculosis;  but  it  is  a  certain 
means  of  determining  the  presence  ot  the 
disease.  The  only  condition  in  which  it 
may  fail  to  cause  a  reaction  indicating  the 
presence  of  tuberculosis  is  when  the  dis¬ 
ease  is  far  advanced  and  the  system  of 
the  animal  thoroughly  saturated  with  the 
bacilli  of  the  disease.  In  such  cases,  how¬ 
ever,  it  is  an  easy  matter  for  the  veterin¬ 
arian  to  diagnose  the  disease  from  a  .phy¬ 
sical  examination.  In  slight  cases  it  is 
absolutely  impossible  for  anyone  to  diagnose 
the  disease,  and  it  often  is  present  with¬ 
out  manifesting  any  diagnostic  symptom. 
For  cough,  not  due  to  tuberculosis,  glyco- 
heroin  will  be  found  effective  if  given  in 
half  to  one  ounce  doses  two  or  three  times 
a  day  according  to  severity  of  case.  Fluid 
extract  of  belladonna  leaves  combined  with 
glycerine  and  water  also  is  useful  lor 
cough,  or  the  veterinarian  may  prescribe 
some  favorite  remedy  that  will  "do  the 
trick”  if  the  cough  can  be  remedied  by 
medicine.  a.  s.  a. 

Rickets  in  Pigs. 

I  differ  in  regard  to  an  article  about 
paralysis  of  pig  in  hindquarters,  page  1007. 
It  is  due  to  the  presence  of  kidney  worm; 
treat  with  turpentine,  and  feed  with  blood 
meal.  Watch  results  and  you  will  notice 
worm.  If  pig  has  not  been  stiff  too  long, 
will  get  over  it.  p<  H- 

New  York. 

It  is  a  very  well  known  fact  that  kidney 
worms  are  no‘t  the  cause  of  paralysis  of  the 
hind  legs  in  pigs.  Veterinarians  every¬ 
where,  including  the  writer,  have  made 
many  post  mortem  examinations  of  affected 
animals,  but  have  not  found  kidney  worms. 
Kidney  worms  have  often  been  found  m  ap¬ 
parently  healthy  pigs.  Intestinal  worms 
are  quite  commonly  met  with  in  paralyzed 
pigs,  and  have  a  great  deal  to  do  with  the 
malnutrition  always  present  in  the  pig 
afflicted  with  rickets.  Turpentine  is  useful 
in  ridding  pigs  of  worms,  and  blood  meal 
is  a  great  help  in  rickets.  a.  s.  a. 

Strangles. 

I  have  a  horse  which  I  think  has  dis¬ 
temper.  He  is  very  thirsty,  but  does  not 
seem  to  drink  much  water.  His  jaws  swell, 
and  he  began  to  fester  with  pus.  He  is 
sluggish ;  pays  little  attention  to  various 
surroundings.  Could  you  tell  me  what  it 
is,  and  give  remedy  for  it?  G.  D. 

Ohio. 

When  the  abscess  of  strangles  begins  to 
form  under  the  jaw  the  usual  treatment 
is  to  apply  hot  flaxseed  poultice,  renewed 
night  and  morning,  until  a  spot  softens  and 
can  readily  be  lanced  for  the  evacuation 
of  pus.  Good  feeding  and  nursing  are  more 
important  than  medicine  in  this  disease. 
Feed  soft  feed,  and  wetted  hay  and  if  horse 
is  weak  give  drinks  of  flaxseed  tea,  hay 
tea,  thin  gruel  or  milk.  In  the  way  of 
medicine  stimulants  are  useful  and  with 
them  may  be  given  dram  doses  of  fluid 
extract  of  gentian  and  10-drop  doses  of 
fluid  extract  of  belladonna  leaves  every 
three  or  four  hours.  Keep  pure,  cold  water 
constantly  before  the  horse.  He  should  oc¬ 
cupy  a  roomy  box  stall  in  a  clean,  well- 
ventilated  stable.  a.  s.  a. 


Worms. 

I  have  a  horse  which  is  troubled  with 
small  worms  which  are  discharged  in 
manure  occasionally ;  he  keeps  in  poor 
condition.  Please  advise  me  as  to  treat¬ 
ment.  J.  tv.  M. 

Ohio. 

Inject  into  rectum  three  nights  a  week 
a  couple  of  quarts  of  soapy  warm  water 
containing  a  half  cupful  of  decoction  of 
tobacco  stems  or  a  decoction  of  two  ounces 
of  quassia  chips.  In  the  feed  night  and 
morning  for  a  week  mix  a  tablespoonful  of 
a  mixture  of  two  parts  salt  and  one  part 
each  of  dried  sulphate  of  iron  and  flowers 
of  sulphur ;  then  skip  10  days  and  repeat. 

a.  s.  a. 

Partial  Paralysis. 

I  have  a  colt  three  years  old  that  was 
injured  in  September  by  getting  cast  in  a 
ditch.  He  is  at  present  strong  and  in 
excellent  condition,  but  walks  with  a  stoop 
behind,  and  is  unable  to  retain  his  water. 
I  have  had  him  examined  by  two  veterin¬ 
ary  surgeons ;  they  call  his  trouble  paral¬ 
ysis  of  the  nerves.  Is  there  any  cure  for 
this  case?  l.  j.  c. 

New  York. 

Colt  may  gradually  outgrow  the  weak¬ 
ness  if  generously  fed  oats  and  bran  along 
with,  best  of  mixed  hay,  and  made  to  live 
an  outdoor  life,  so  far  as  state  of  weather 
will  allow.  The  veterinarian  might  give 
fluid  extract  of  nux  vomica  in  increasing 
doses,  hut  the  medicine  is  poisonous  and 
has  to  be  carefully  administered. 

Weak  Dog. 

My  collie  dog,  19  months  old,  took  dis¬ 
temper  the  latter  part  of  August ;  would 
eat  scarcely  anything ;  lay  around  most  of 
the  time,  getting  very  thin.  I  got  stuff 
from  a  druggist  who  claimed  to  be  a  bit 
of  a  dog  doctor  (no  vets,  in  this  country), 
but  don’t  think  it  has  done  him  much 
good.  At  the  present  time  his  appetite 
is  good,  his  coat  is  shiny  and  he  has 
picked  up  some,  but  it  has  left  him  deaf 
and  nearly  blind.  The  pupils  of  his  eyes 
are  very  large,  and  he  is  still  weak  in  the 
hind  legs,  but  much  livelier  than  he  was 
a  month  ago.  h.  c. 

British  Columbia. 

Twice  a  day  give  the  dog  a  tablespoon¬ 
ful  of  emulsion  of  cod  liver  oil  in  addi¬ 
tion  to  generous  feeding.  Include  par¬ 
boiled  liver  and  meat  in  the  ration.  As  a 
tonic  give  twenty  drops  of  elixir  of  cali- 
saya  bark,  iron  and  strychnine  twice  a 
day  in  a  little  water  and  increase  to  three 
such  doses  a  day  if  found  necessary.  We 
fear,  however,  that  the  eyesight  and  deaf¬ 
ness  are  beyond  help.  a.  s.  a. 

Scours  in  Cow. 

I  have  a  nice  Jersey  cow  that  has  the 
bloody  scours,  but  is  getting  better  Her 
appetite  is  very  poor  and  she  is  very  thin 
in  flesh  from  her  sickness.  Wnat  would 
you  advise  for  her  appetite?  I  feed  her 
corn-cob  meal,  ships  and  middlings,  of 
which  she  only  eats  about  three  piDts,  and 
is  careless  of  eating  it  unless  sprinkled 
with  salt.  She  seems  to  crave  salt,  of 
which  I  am  afraid  to  give  her  very  much 
on  account  of  her  bowels.  Her  fodder  con¬ 
sists  of  mixed  hay  and  cornstalks.  She 
prefers  the  cornstalks  to  the  hay  Please 
advise  what  to  give  for  her  appetite.  She 
is  with  calf.  Also  what  treatment  is  best 
for  bloody  scours.  M.  a.  b. 

Give  her  a  dram  of  salol  and  two  drams 
each  of  subnitrate  of  bismuth,'  ground  gin¬ 
ger  root  and  catechu  two  or  three  times  a 
day  in  half  a  pint  of  flour  gruel  until 
scouring  subsides.  Appetite  will  then  grad¬ 
ually  return.  If  it  is  slow  in  so  doing  give 
half  an  ounce  of  aromatic  sp'r'ts  of  am¬ 
monia,  one  ounce  of  pure  alcohol  and  half 
a  dram  of  fluid  extract  of  nux  vomica  three 
times  a  day  in  a  pint  of  flaxseed  tea. 

a.  s  a. 

  i 


Important! 


Trinidad  Lake  asphalt  is  of 
vital  importance  to  every  roof. 
Lengthens  its  life.  Saves  time, 
labor,  money. 

Genasco 

Ready  Roofing 

is  made  of  Trinidad  Lake  asphalt. 
Doesn’t  crack,  rot,  or  break.  Gives 
lasting  protection  to  your  home,  barn, 
and  all  other  buildings. 

The  Kant-leak  Kleet  clamps  seams 
watertight  without  cement  or  large¬ 
headed  nails.  Makes  laying  easier 
than  ever.  Saves  time.  Protects 
against  wind.  Gives  fine  finish.  Fur¬ 
nished  in  rolls  of  Genasco,  when 
ordered. 

Look  for  the  trademark.  Ask  your  dealer  for  Genasco. 
Mineral  or  smooth  surface.  Highest  award,  Seattle,  1909. 
Write  for  samples  and  the  Good  Roof  Guide  Book. 

THE  BARBER  ASPHALT 
PAVING  COMPANY 

Largest  producers  of  asphalt,  and  largest 
manufacturers  of  ready  roofing  in  the  world. 

PHILADELPHIA 

New  York  San  Francisco  Chicago 

Cross-seclion,  Genasco  Smooth-surface  Roofing 

■nOMSMM  Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 

Asphalt-saturated  Wool  Felt 
Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 

,  |  ■  -r . . 


AGRICULTURE 


Waterloo  Boy, 
Price  THE  Price  Maker 


No  other  gasoline  engine  reduced  the  price  of  gasoline  engines  * 
like  the  Waterloo  Boy.  It  is  the  price  maker.  Here  are 
the  reasons: 

Waterloo  Boy  has  fewer  parts  than  any  other  engine.  It  costs  less] 
to  make  few  parts  than  it  does  to  make  many  parts. 

Waterloo  Boy  is  made  in  large  quantities,  in  oneof  the  biggest,  best I 
equipped,  most  modern  gasoline  engine  factories  in  the  world.  It  costs  less/ 
per  engine  to  make  100  engines  a  day  than  it  does  to  make  10. 

Waterloo  Boy  is  sold  at  less  expense  than  other  engines.  We, 
have  no  traveling  salesmen,  no  high  priced  experts,  no  large  office  to, 
maintain.  We  are  not  in  the  Trust. 

This  is  why  we  make  the 
HRa^SIl  _  underselling  price. 


Service 

Waterloo  Boy 


Always  ready  to  go.  No  fuss. 
No  bucking.  Starts  easy  in  winter. 


Old 


is  Dependable 

reliable  fly  ball  governor,  the 


■ame  as  used  on  steam  engines.  Igniter  is  as  simple  as  a  pair  of  scissors 

Automatic  feed  regulation  does  away  with  both  the  expense  and  bother  of  a  pump. 

Speed  lever  works  like  a  throttle  on  a  locomotive.  You  can  change  the  speed  of  the  engine] 
from  50  to  75  revolutions  while  in  motion. 

Waterloo  Boy  Engines  are  Strong 

Nearly  all  the  parts  arc  interchangeable.  You  never  know  the  strength  of  a  Waterloo  j 
Boy  until  you  try  one.  More  people  have  been  surprised  at  the  powerfulness  of  these] 
engines  than  anything  else  about  them.  They  Deliver  the  Goods, 

If  you  want  Service,  pure  and  simple,  satisfaction  all  the  year  round,  buy  the  j 
.Waterloo  Boy. 

WATERLOO  BOY  LASTS. 

It  is  not  a  cheapskate.”  It  is  mechanically  correct  in  design.  Built  ofi 
the  best  material,  by  men  that  know  how.  The  ENGINE  THAT  LASTS. 

17  years  of  actual  experience  built  into  every  W aterloo  Boy. 

17  years  of  making  good  is  the  record  of  the  Waterloo  Boy. 

For  17  years  we  have  kept  every  promise  ever  made.  We  have  dealt  square  with  the , 
public.  We  are  here  to  satisfy  you  that  we  can  give  you  more  engine  per  dollar^ 
than  anybody  else  can.  In  Price,  Service,  Durability,  the  Waterloo  Boy^ 
leads  the  world.  If  you  arc  interested  write  us. 

Waterloo  Gasoline  Engine  Co., 

184  W.  3rd.Ave,  Waterloo,  Iowa. 


[Durability-' 


Make  Big  Money 
Training  Horses!  ^  Book  FREE 


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Prof.  Jesse  Beery  is  acknowledged  to  be  the  world’s  master 
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Competent  Horse  Trainers  are  in  demand  everywhere. 
People  gladly  pay  S15  to  $25  a  he  ad  to  have  horses  tamed, trained, 
cured  of  habits,  to  have  colts  broken  to  harness.  A  good  trainer 
oan  always  keep  his  stable  full  of  horses. 

What  Some  of  Prof.  Beery's 
Students  Are  Doing 

Emmet  White  of  Kalona,  Iowa,  writes:  “I  would  not  take 
S500  for  what  you  have  taught  me.  You  may  judge  of  my  suc¬ 
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F.  N.  Goux,  Vernon,  N.  Y.  writes:  “I  cannot  speak  in  high 
enough  praise  of  your  instruction,  I  am  at  present  handling 
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of  money  here  at  home,  and  your  course  hns  made  me  so 
successful  I  am  planning  to  go  on  the  road  training  horses 
and  giving  exhibitions. 

Roy  Fordyoe,  04124  Adams 
St.,  Spokane.  Wash.,  writes: 
“I  am  delighted  with  your 
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year-old  stallion  to  drive 
without  a  bridle  or  lines.  I 
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A.  W.  Bower,  Tiffin,  Ind., 
writes:  “You  have  made  mo 
a  practical  colt-trainer. 
Have  all  I  can  do  and  mak¬ 
ing  more  money  than  ever 
before.” 

Prof.  Jesse  Beery 

57  Acadamy  St.,  Pleasant  Hill»  Ohio 


The  Only  Instruction 
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Are  THOROUGHLY  HARD  BURNT 

I—  Made  of  best  Ohio  Olay.  Sold  in  car-load  lots. 

PO  Also  manufacturers  of 

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u-  H.  B.  Camp  Company,  Fulton  Bldg..  P>ttsburv,  Pa. 


1911 


the  rurai> 


MARKETS 


Prices  current  at  New  York  during  week  ending 
January  6.  Hill,  wholesale  except  where  other¬ 
wise  indicated.  The  retail  prices  given  do  not,  as 
a  rule,  cover  either  the  highest  or  lowest  sales,  but 
show  what  the  bulk  of  consumers  of  moderate 
means  pay  for  small  quantities  of  produce  bought 
in  Fulton,  Washington,  Jefferson  Markets,  etc., 
and  up-town  grocery  stores.  "Retail”  is  rather 
an  indefinite  word,  but  in  this  column  it  means 
less  than  barrel  or  other  original  package  lots  of 
fruits  and  vegetables,  less  than  tubs  of  butter, 
eases  of  eggs,  etc.  The  trade  of  commission  mer¬ 
chants  is  strictly  wholesale.  The  retail  prices 
given  are  those  secured  by  grocers  and  small  deal¬ 
ers  who  receive  no  direct  shipments. 


BUTTER 


Wholesale 
.29  @  .30 
© 

@ 


Creamery,  fancy,  lb 

Good  to  Choice . 26 

cower  Grades . 23 

Storage . 24  _ 

State  Dairy,  best . 27  @ 

Common  to  Good . 23  @ 

Factory . 20  @ 

Packing  Stock . 17  © 

CHEESE 

Full  Cream,  best . 15  © 

Common  to  Good . 12  © 

Skims . 05  @ 

EGGS 

White,  good  to  choice.  .38  ©  .44 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 38  @  .42 

Common  to  Good . 25  ©  .32 

Storage . 18  @  .25 

Western,  fresh  gath¬ 
ered,  best . 38  ©  .40 

Under  grades..  .30  @  .33 

BEANS 

Marrow,  bu .  2.30  ®  2.32  qt 


.28 

.25 

.29 

.28 

.26 

.22 

.20 


.17 

.13 

.12 


Retail 

.32®  .34 
.29  .31 

24@  .28 
.28©  .32 
.30®  .32 
.25©  .28 
.24©  .25 


.17© 

.14© 

•10@ 


.40© 

.40 

.30© 


20 

.16 

.11 


.48 

.45 

.40 


Pea . 

2.10 

<§> 

2.20 

2.20 

Yellow  Eve . 

Red  Kidney .  . 

3.05 

®  3.35 

WhlteKidney . 

3.05 

®  3.10 

HOPS 

Prime  to  Choice . 

.23 

© 

.25 

Common  to  Good . 

.20 

© 

.22 

Pacific  Coast . 

.18 

@ 

.21 

German  Crop,  1910.... 

.43 

.45 

CIDER 

VINEGAR 

Prices  charged  in  N.Y. 

by  wholesale  dealers 
for  single  barrel  lots: 

Extra  Choice  Old,  gal. 

.22 

® 

.24 

Standard  Grade . 

.13 

© 

.15 

DRIED  FRUITS 

Apples,  evap.  fancy... 

.12 

n 

13 

Evap.,  com.  to  good. 

.06 

(ft 

.11 

Sun  Dried . 

.05 

© 

.07 

Chops . 

.04^® 

.04.^ 

Cores  and  Skins . 

.04 

® 

.04^ 

.30 

Raspberries . 

.28 

<04 

Cherries . 

.15 

® 

.18 

qt 


.15 

.15 


.15®  .17 
.09©  .13 


FRESH  FRUITS 

Apples,  Ben  Davis,  bbl 

.  2.00 

©  4.00 

King . 

3.00 

®.  5.00 

Greening .  . . 

2.00 

®  5.50 

York  Imperial . 

3.50 

®  5.00 

Baldwin . 

2.00 

®  4.50 

Western— 

Newtown,  box . 

1.15 

®  2.00 

Spitz,  box . 

1.50 

©  2.25 

Home,  box . 

1.2a 

®  2  00 

Wiuesap.  box . 

1  25 

©  2.25 

Gano.  box  . 

1.25 

®  1.65 

Baldwin,  box . 

1.25 

@  1.75 

Cranberries — 

Cape  Cod.  bbl . 

8.00 

@10.00 

Long  Island,  bbl . 

8.50 

®  9.00 

Jersey,  bbl . 

7.00 

©  8.00 

Pears,  Kieffor.  bbl . 

1.50 

®  3.50 

Strawberries.  Cal.,  pt.. 

.26 

®  .45 

Florida,  qt.  ...  . 

.<0 

@  .60 

HONEY 

White  Clover,  lb . 

.12 

@  .15 

Buckwheat,  lb . 

.09 

@  .10 

Extracted,  lb . . 

.07 

@  .09 

VEGETA 

BL'KS 

Potatoes— 

N.  Y.  State.  180  ibs.. 

1.37 

©  1.62 

Long  Island.  180  lbs.. 

1.60 

@  2.00 

Bermuda,  bbl . 

4.00 

@  5.00 

Maine . 

1.40 

®  1.75 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bbl . . . 

1.00 

@  2.75 

Anise,  Southern,  bbl.. 

3.00 

©  3.50 

Brussels  Spronts,  qt... 

.06 

@  .12 

Beets,  new,  100  bnches  2.00 

®  3.50 

Carrots,  bbl . 

1.00 

@  1.50 

bu. 

bu. 

qt. 

qt. 


.75®  1.00 
1.00@1.25 
.10®  .15 

.10®  .12 

.10©  .18 


Southern,  bbl .  1.50 

Cabbage— 

Danish  seed,  ton  ..  12.00 

Domestic .  9  00 

Red .  30.00 

Celery,  doz . 25 

Chicory,  bbl .  2.25 

Escarol.  bbl . 3.00 

Endive.  French,  lb . 15 

Cauliflowers,  bbl .  2.00 

Kale,  bbl .  .60 

Kohlrabi,  South’n.  bbl.  4.00 
Hettuce.i-8-bbl.bkt....  1.25 

N.  O.,  bbl .  3.00 

Peppers.  Southern,  bu.  3.00 
Onions,  Orange  Co.,  bag  1.50 
Conn.  White,  bbl...  2.50 

White  pickle,  bu . 75 

Peas.  Fia..  bu .  3.00 

Itomaine.  South’n,  bbl.  3.00 

String  Beans,  bu . 3.60 

Spinach,  bbl .  1.50 

oquasn.  bbl .  1.00 

Turnips.  Rutabaga,  bbl  .75 

White,  bbl. .  1.00 

Leeks,  Southern,  100 

bunches . 2.00 

Egg  Plants.  Fla.,  box.  6.00 
Salsify,  100  bunches.. .  4.00 

Parsnips,  bbl .  1.75 

Parsley  bbl .  2.00 


®  2.50 

®14.00 

©11.00 

®35.00 
©  .60 
©  3.25 
®  4.00 
® 

®  6.00 
®  .75 
©  5.00 
©  3  60 
@  5.00 
®  7.00 
®  2.25 
®  4.00 
®  1.00 
®  6.00 
©  4.00 
©  6.00 
®  3.00 
@  1.75 
©  1.15 
®  1.75 

®  3.00 
« 10.00 
®  5.00 
@  2.25 
«  6.00 


each 


each 


.15®  .25 
.03©  .05 


GAME 

Ducks,  Canvas,  pair  ..  2.25  ®  3.00 

Mallard,  pair .  1.00  ©  1.25 

Red  Head .  1.50  ®  2.50 

Rabbits,  pair . 25  ®  .30 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 
Calves,  good  to  prime.  .12  ©  ,13}£ 

Common . 09  @  .11 

Lambs,  hothouse,  head  5.00  ®  8.00 

Pork,  light . 11J4®  .12 

Medium  to  heavy  ...  .09  ®  .10 

Roasting  Pigs,  lb . 14  ®  .17 

HAY  AND  STRAW 
Quotations  for  large  bales. 

Small  bales  sell  50  cents  to  $1.00 
per  ton  less. 

Hay,  No.  1,  ton . 21.00  ®  22.00 

No.  2 . 19.00  ®  20.00 

No.  3 . 16.00  ®  18.00 

Clover  Mixed . 13.00  ®  19  00 

Clover . 12.00  ®  17.00 

Wild  Hay . 9.00  ®  10.00 

Straw.  Rye . 10.00  ®  11.00 

Oat  and  Wheat .  8.00  ®  9.00 

MILL  FEED 

Spring  Bran,  ton .  24.75  ®  25.00 

Standard  Middlings  ..  26.25  ®  28.10 

Red  Dog.  .  28.00  @  28.50 

Hominy  Chop .  28.00  ®  24.20 

Linseed  Meal .  35.00  ©  36  00 

Corn  Meal .  24.00  ®  26.00 


Prices  given  are  ___  _ 

pounds  in  the  markets  named. 


LIVE  STOCK 

for  top  market  grades  per  100 


Steers. 


. — Calves — , 
Best.  Poor. 


Sheep.  Lambs.  Hogs 


Cincinnati.... 


HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 


Cucumbers,  best,  doz..  1.00 

Musnrooms,  lb . 15 

Radishes,  100  bunches.  2.00 

Tomatoes,  lb . 15 

Rhubarb,  doz.  bunches  .90 


®  1.50 
®  .30 
@  2.50 
®  .35 
@  1.00 

LIVE  POULTRY 


Roosters. . 


® 

•  15« 

© 

VM. 

.  .10 

© 

.11 

© 

.16 

® 

.14 

.  .15 

@ 

.18 

DRESSED  POULTRY 

Turkeys.  Fey . 21 

Common  to  Good . 16 

Chickens,  roasting . 16 

Common  to  Good . 13 

Fancy  broilers,  lb...  .23 

Fowls .  12 

Capons,  best,  lb . .  .24 

Medium  grades . 22 

Small  and  Slips . 15 


Geese,  spring . 

Squabs,  doz . . 

Guineas,  spring,  pair. 


® 

.22 

.23®  .26 

© 

.20 

.18®  .23 

© 

•17^ 

•18@  .21 

(c 

.15 

.15@  .17 

® 

.25 

© 

.15 

15@  .18 

® 

.25 

@ 

.23 

@ 

.20 

© 

.17 

@ 

.14 

.12©  .18 

© 

4.25 

©  1.10 

Kansas  City 


6.65 

10.75 

7.00 

4.00 

6.75 

8.40 

6.75 

11.00 

7.00 

4.00 

5.50 

8.30 

6.40 

900 

4.25 

6.50 

8.50 

5.76 

•  .  .  • 

.... 

4.25 

6.00 

8  26 

7.10 

9.25 

7.00 

4.40 

6.60 

8.20 

6.50 

8.50 

5.00 

4.00 

6.25 

7.96 

GRAINS 


Win¬ 

ter. 

Corn.  Oats. 

Rye. 

Bar¬ 

ley. 

.98 

.52 

.38 

.81 

.90 

55 

.40 

#  # 

.95 

.50 

.38 

1 1 

.96 

.50 

.. 

.95 

.50 

.35 

.88 

.94 

46 

.31 

.80 

.75 

, , 

.42 

.29 

.76 

.80 

.  . 

.  , 

.31 

.74 

.75 

.96 

.46 

... 

. . 

The  prices  given  are  for  large  sales  of  No.  2 
quality  in  the  cities  named: 

, — Wheat. — „ 

Hard 
Spring. 

New  York . $1.16 

Boston . 

Philadelphia.. 

Baltimore . 

Buffalo .  Hit) 

Chicago .  1.02 

Minneapolis..  1.01 

Duluth .  1 .01 

Kansas  City.. 

Winnipeg . 90 

STAPLES  IN  VARIOUS  CITIES 

The  figures  given  are  the 
rent  in  C 
quality. 


Boston . 

Philadelphia 

Baltimore.... 

Buffalo . 

Cincinnati ... 
Indianapolis. 

Chicago . 

St.  Louis  .... 
New  Orleans. 


markets 

named  for 

medium 

to  good 

Pota- 

Tur- 

Butter, 

Eggs, 

toes, 

keys, 

Apples, 

lb. 

doz. 

ba. 

lb. 

bbl. 

..  29-30 

42-44 

40-50 

22-23 

3.00-4.50 

.  28-30 

35-37 

40-65 

21-22 

3.CO-4.60 

..  30-31 

32-33 

30-50 

17-21 

2.25-5.00 

,.  30-31 

35-40 

35-60 

23-25 

2.50-4.50 

..  30-32 

36-38 

40-50 

17-18 

3.00-5.00 

..  31-33 

31-32 

50-65 

16-17 

3.75-5.50 

29-31 

30-45 

14-17 

2.50-6.00 

,.  28-30 

24-27 

45-48 

18-20 

4.00-5.00 

..  30-32 

28-30 

60-65 

17-20 

4.00-6.50 

WOOL 

Michigan  Fleeces,  Delaine,  unwashed..  26 

Ohio  Fine  Delaine,  unwashed . 25 

Idaho  Wools .  ‘18 

Wyoming  Wools . 18 

Montana  Wools . 22 


®  .27 
®  .27 
® 

@  .20 

®  .23 


COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  15.00 

Middling  Gulf .  15.26 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  14.87 

Good  Middling .  16.25 

Liverpool,  Low  Middling .  15.00 

Good  Middling . lg.oo 

TOBACCO 

Conn.  Broad  Leaf  Filler .  08  —  .10 

Wrappers . 50  —.60 

N.  Y.  State  Fillers . 05  —  .06 

Penn.  Broad  Leaf  B . 15  —  .17 

Virginia  Dark  Leaf . ,...10  —.20 

Western  Burley  Lugs . 10  —  .13 

HARVEY  BOLSTER  SPRINGS 

a  Soon  save  their  cost.  Make  every  wagon  a  tprlnf /Jt 
|j  wagon,  therefore  fruit,  vegetables,  eggs,  etc.,  "I 
u  bring  more  money.  Ask  for  special  proposition. 

RiUnrej  Spring  Co.,  <10- 17th  St,  Kacine,  WU.(|  > 


GUARANTEED 


“The  DAMNING  OF  JONES.” 

The  Implement  Trust  says.”  Damn  JONES  and  out  of  business 
with  him”  because  he  is  the  only  man  who  dares  to  sell  you  a 
warranted-take-i£honie-aud-try-it-before-buying-«cale  of  any  size 
or  kind  at  the  dealers  price.  Money  talks  and  your  money  is  as 
.*ood  as  any  dealer  and  your  credit  better.  Send  for  my  offer  and 
their  reason  for  4<damning  Jones.” 

“JONES  He  Pays  the  Freight.” 

20  Lay  St.,  BINGHAMTON,  N.  V 


AGENTS— $33.30  A  WEEK 

Jack  Wood  did  it  I 


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He  writes — “Hurry 
100  more  —  sc 
first  lot  in  2  da 
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ever  saw.”  Hu 
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coining  mono] 
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THOMAS  MFG.  CO.,  8865  Wayno  St.,  DAYTON,  OH 


*  19.00  More  Profit 

On  Your  Hides 


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,  NATIONAL  FUR  &  TANNING  CO. 

"7  Arnold  St.,  Three  Rivers,  Michigan 

Omaha  Branch,  1929  S.  13th  St. 


NEW-YORKRR 


<53 


AND  UPWARD 

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— AMERICAN = 

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AMERICAN  SEPARATOR 


BOX  1075 
BAINBRIDGE,  N. 


The  Only  Implement  Necessary 

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is  the  “ACME.”  It  cuts,  crushes,  levels,  turns  and  smoothes  In  one  operation,  and  thoroughly  works  all  the  soil. 

_  On  PlOl/VPll  T’ftl’n  Ctllhhlp  tIie  “ACME”  leaves  trash  burled  after 
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because  it  does  more  work  in  the  same  time  than  any  other  Harrow  and  witli  tile  least  strain 
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from  3  to  17%  ft.  wide — a  size  for  your  requirements.  Get  our  combined  cata¬ 
log  and  booklet  from  your  dealer,  our  General  Agents  of  the  home  office. 


DUANE  H,  NASH,  Incorporated 

137  Division  Ave.,  Millington,  N.  J. 

(•eneral  Agents, 

JOHN  DKKKK  PLOW  CO., 

Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


Free  Book 


Modern  Silage 
Methods 


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so  can  you  be.  HALL  S  FARM  AGENCY.  Owego! 
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for  Harness  or  Saddle  Galls,  Chafe,  Rope 
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Box 286,  Old  Town,  Maine 


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BICKMQRE’S 

FARM 

ACCOUNT  BOOK 

Published  by 

BtCKMORE  Gail  Cure  Co. 

OLD  TOWN,  MAINE,  0.  S.  A. 


Send 
/  me  a 
‘‘  Free 
Copy  of 
Bickmore’s 
“ Farm 
Account 
Book,"  as 
advertised  in 
Rural 

New-Yorker. 


<THK  RURAb  NEW-YOKKRR 


January  14, 


64 

PUBLISHER’S  DESK 

Thanks.  The  first  business  day  of 
1911  starts  off  well.  The  record  for 
subscription  returns  has  again  been 
broken.  The  increase  over  the  record 
of  last  year  is  $123.08.  It  not  only 
beats  the  record  of  last  year,  but  any 
previous  record.  It  is  the  biggest  day’s 
subscription  mail  ever  received  at  this 
office.  We  have  no  words  at  this  time 
fittingly  to  express  our  feelings  or  our 
appreciation  and  gratitude.  It  simply 
starts  us  off  rejoicing  on  a  new  year's 
work,  and  with  a  new  inspiration  to  give 
the  farmers  of  this  country  the  best 
service  that  any  paper  ever  gave  any 
people  or  any  industry.  We  do  not 
mean  by  this  that  you  will  find  nothing 
to  criticise.  \Ve  propose  to  keep  on  do¬ 
ing  things,  and  in  human  activity  there 
are  sure  to  be  errors,  but  without  pre¬ 
judice  or  theory  or  personal  ax  to  grind, 
we  want  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  speak  first, 
last  and  all  the  time  for  the  interest 
of  the  farm.  That  is  the  star  to  which 
our  compass  is  set.  We  may  get  off 
the  trail  at  times,  but  with  the  needle 
always  in  one  direction  we  do  not  ex¬ 
pect  to  stray  far.  We  prefer  to  pursue 
this  policy  peaceably  and  in  harmony 
with  all  other  industries;  but  when 
rogues  attempt  to  ply  their  trade  at  the 
expense  of  the  farm,  there  is  likely  to 
be  a  scrap. 

Thanks  again  for  the  mail  of  January 
third. 

Charles  B.  McKee,  Huntington,  Pa., 
was  arrested  December  3  by  postal  in¬ 
spectors.  He  traded  as  the  Charles  B. 
McKee  Commission  Company  and  the 
Huntington  Fruit  and  Produce  Com¬ 
pany.  It  is  alleged  that  he  bought  pro¬ 
duce  of  farmers  through  the  mails  and 
failed  to  make  payments. 

Last  month  officers  of  the  Pine 
Heights  Co.,  Ocean  City,  N.  J.,  a  south¬ 
ern  New  Jersey  land  promoting  com¬ 
pany,  were  arrested  by  Federal  authori¬ 
ties  for  selling  lots  in  south  New  Jer¬ 
sey,  which  the  Government  alleges  are 
practically  worthless.  Keep  this  in  mind 
when  land  promoters  make  tempting 
future  promises  in  exchange  for  ready 
cash. 

Will  you  please  inform  me  whether  the 
National  Co-operative  Co.,  Washington, 
D.  C.,  is  all  right,  or  are  they  just  a  cor¬ 
respondence  school  or  a  real  estate  ex¬ 
change  as  they  advertise?  Thanking  you 
in  advance  I  remain  a  friend  to  Publisher’s 
Desk.  e.  G.  A. 

Maryland. 

The  real  estate  exchange  feature  is  a 
good  argument  to  induce  remittances 
for  lessons,  but  it  has  no  other  merit 
that  we  have  been  able  to  discover. 

On  December  14  a  judgment  for  $167 
was  entered  against  the  Egg  Producers’ 
Co.,  48  Washington  avenue,  and  276  East 
New  York  avenue,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  in  fa¬ 
vor  of  Orville  E.  Meservey  for  poultry  sold 
and  delivered.  Execution  was  issued  on  the 
15th,  and  the  sheriff  reports  that  the  Egg 
Producers’  Co.  has  been  succeeded  by  the 
Morgan  Poultry  Co. 

Above  is  our  last  report.  Morgan 
was  about  all  there  was  to  the  old  com¬ 
pany,  and  what  basis  there  is  for  ex¬ 
tending  him  credit  on  his  new  company 
is  more  than  we  can  figure  out.  He 
will  probably  pay  for  a  time,  and  some 
shippers  will  argue  that  this  will  be 
sufficient  reason  for  extending  credit 
again. 

Draft  of  $2.07  due  me  from  the  D.,  L.  & 
W.  it.  It.  Co.,  overcharge  on  carload  haled 
hay  received  ;  return  thanks  for  same.  You 
say  this  hill  was  easy  to  settle ;  in  fact, 
ea'sier  than  usual.  Yes,  T  suppose  it  was 
easy  for  the  big  It.  N.-Y.,  the  same  as  it 
was  easy  for  Johnson  to  knock  Jeff  out  last 
Fourth  of  July.  I  was  in  the  ring,  a  game 
little  farmer  against  the  D.,  E.  &  W.  It.  K. 
Co.  I  had  conclusive  evidence  that.  1  had 
been  overcharged,  and  although  I  hit  them 
hard  with  right  and  left  hooks  and  wound 
up  with  a  right  hand  swing  to  the  solar 
plexus,  I  lacked  steam,  hut  when  The 
It.  N.-Y.  took  it  up  for  me  they  simply 
threw  up  the  sponge.  w.  a.  b. 

Pennsylvania. 

Our  Pennsylvania  friend  tells  his 
story  so  forcibly  in  bis  own  way  that 
we  have  nothing  to  add  to  it. 

Would  you  advise  an  investment  in  the 
Arcadia  Orchard  Co.,  Spokane,  Wash.? 
They  sell  small  farms  on  contract  in 
monthly  payments,  agreeing  to  clear  the 
land  and  plant  it  to  fruit,  and  care  for  it 
during  contract  for  you.  reader. 

New  Jersey. 

Reports  indicate  that  this  company 
had  some  “old  scores”  under  a  former 
management  which  have  now  been  com¬ 
promised  or  settled,  and  that  it  has  a 
present  large  income  from  payments  on 
land  sold  on  practically  the  plan  re¬ 
ferred  to  above.  It  seems  to  control  a 
large  tract  of  land  suitable  for  fruit 
growing,  and  also  controls  some  valu¬ 
able  water  privileges  for  irrigation, 
but  the  company  is  under  heavy  ex¬ 
pense,  and  its  success  depends  on  its 
ability  to  dispose  of  the  land  yet  re¬ 
maining  unsold.  So  if  you  buy  now 
you  at  least  share  the  risks  of  the  com¬ 
pany  in  disposing  of  other  large _  hold¬ 
ings.  But  aside  from  this  question  of 
the  future  success  of  the  company  pro¬ 


moting  the  scheme,  we  have  not  known 
where  money  has  been  made  out  of 
farming  operations  by  proxy.  If  anyone 
knows  of  a  single  instance  where  a  man 
has  gone  in  debt  for  a  farm,  large  or 
small,  and  turned  the  whole  work  and 
care  and  management  of  it  over  to  an¬ 
other  party,  the  purchaser  paying  the 
bills  and  made  money  through  the  trans¬ 
action,  we  would  like  to  have  the  story 
of  such  experience  in  detail.  Schemes 
of  this  kind  in  the  past  have  been  com¬ 
plete  failures  as  far  as  our  observa¬ 
tion  goes,  to  say  nothing  of  the  delib¬ 
erate  swindles  that  have  been  worked 
on  propositions  to  plant  and  care  for 
land  and  crops  at  so  much  per  in  ready  ; 
•cash. 

On  September  16,  1910,  I  shipped  C. 
M.  Sladkus  &  Bro.  one  case  30  dozen  eggs 
and  on  September  17,  one  case  eggs,  30 
dozen.  Later  I  received  a  check  for  one 
case  which  they  claim  to  have  received 
September  19,  for  which  they  paid  me  net 
37  cents  per  dozen.  I  immediately  wrote 
them  in  regard  to  the  one  case  unsettled 
for  and  inclose  you  their  reply.  Yester¬ 
day  I  talked  with  the  TJ.  S.  Express  agent 
here.  lie  admitted  that  he  thought  some 
things  had  gone  wrong.  I  would  like  you 
to  look  this  up  and  see  what  can  be  done 
about  it  I  inclose  you  Sladkus  letter  and 
shipping  receipts.  M.  d.  t. 

New  York. 

The  claim  in  this  case  was  $11.10,  and 
the  United  States  Express  Company  set¬ 
tled  in  reasonable  time,  sending  usi 
check  for  full  amount. 

I  have  now  in  my  possession  a  draft 
from  the  Home  Insurance  Co.  for  the  full 
amount.  $200,  and  I  want  to  thank  you 
for  your  kindness  in  pushing  the  matter 
through  for  me.  B.  a. 

New  Jersey. 

In  this  case  the  farmer  had  bought  a 
farm  with  a  mortgage  and  fire  insurance 
policy  issued  to  the  mortgagee  to  pro¬ 
tect  the  mortgage.  The  purchaser  paid 
the  premium  for  the  unexpired  term  of 
the  insurance  policy,  but  neglected  to 
have  the  policy  transferred  to  himself. 
The  barn  burned  later,  and  the  agent 
of  the  company  took  a  technical  posi¬ 
tion  and  claimed  that  since  no  transfer 
of  the  policy  had  been  made  to  the  new 
owner,  the  company  did  not  have  any 
contract  with  him.  That  is,  it  had  not  in¬ 
sured  him.  Technically  this  was  correct, 
and  it  was  a  close  legal  question  whether 
or  not  the  company  could  be  held  for 
the  loss.  We  took  the  matter  up  with 
the  main  office  and  the  company  finally 
advised  us  that  they  recognized  a  re¬ 
sponsibility  and  settled  the  claim. 

Sometimes  we  hear  through  an  old 
subscriber  or  a  subscription  agent  that 
some  new  subscriber  to  The  R.  N.  Y. 
has  been  nursing  a  grievance  against 
the  paper  or  its  publisher  because  of 
his  failure  to  get  the  souvenir  promised 
him  or  some  other  neglect.  We  never 
hear  of  these  complaints  from  old 
friends,  because  they  know  that  a  postal 
card  reminding  us  of  the  omission  will 
receive  prompt  attention.  The  new  sub¬ 
scriber  often  thinks  that  the  promise 
was  a  catch  and  the  omission  inten¬ 
tional,  and  consequently  takes  no  meas¬ 
ure  to  correct  it.  The  books  or  other 
souvenirs  are  usually  mailed  the  very 
day  the  subscription  is  received ;  and  it 
is  our  custom  and  our  purpose  to  an¬ 
swer  every  inquiry  promptly.  But  it 
is  possible  that  a  clerk  will  omit  to 
send  a  book  occasionally.  More  often 
one  of  the  books  will  be  lost  in  the 
mails.  At  this  time  thousands  go  out 
daily,  and  it  would  be  too  much  to  ex¬ 
pect  that  errors  and  oversights  would 
not  occasionally  occur.  It  is  so  with 
the  replies  to  inquiries.  Sometimes  the 
writers  do  not  give  their  address,  and 
at  times  not  even  their  names.  Some¬ 
times  the  question  forms  a  single  line 
in  a  long  letter  about  other  matters, 
and  it  is  easily  overlooked  when  we 
have  over  a  thousand  other  letters  in 
the  same  mail.  We  make  this  explana¬ 
tion  because  we  do  not  want  anyone  to 
feel  that  he  has  been  wilfully  neglected. 
If  there  is  any  time  any  apparent 
neglect  or  oversight,  just  drop  a  line 
about  it,  and  the  matter  will  have 
prompt  attention.  If  a  book  does  not 
reach  you,  no  matter  what  the  cause,  we 
will  send  you  another.  We  will  take 
your  word  for  this  or  other  correction 
without  question  or  dispute. 

I  enclose  a  bill  against  Wm.  Cohen,  of 
2019  Seventh  Ave.,  New  York  City,  for 
a  case  of  eggs,  shipped  him  on  August  5. 
I  am  unable  to  got  any  reply  from  him 
whatever.  Will  you  kindly  collect? 

New  Vo1'1*-  F-  E-  P- 

Mr.  Cohen  has  left  the  address  given 
above,  and  we  are  unable  to  locate  him. 
He  is  now  probably  located  at  a  new 
address  under  a  new  name,  and  pos¬ 
sibly  receiving  goods  on  credit  from 
other  sections.  There  is  so  much  of 
this  kind  of  business  it  is  important  to 
look  up  rating  before  makir\g  ship¬ 
ments.  Even  then  there  is  some  risk 
unless  the  house  is  wrell  established,  and 
a  little  risk  in  any  case;  but  it  is  the 
best  that  can  be  done.  There  is  no  such 
thing  as  absolute  perfection  in  anything 
in  this  world.  J.  J.  d. 


Of)  Buys  My  Double 
Wall ,  Hot  Water 
Fifty  Egg  Incubator 

A  better  machine  for  the  money  cannot  he  had.  Guaranteed  to 
hatch  every  fertile  egg.  Double  walls.  Hot  water  tank  covers 
entire  top  of  egg  chamber.  Absolutely  self-regulating.  I’ve 
built  incubators  for  30  years. 

800,000  Satisfied  Users  of 

Stahl  Incubators 

lOO  egg  size,  price  $7.GO 
200  egg  size,  **  $9.60 

80-page  catalogue  shows  full  line  of 
Excelsiors,  W ooden  Hens,  Brooders, 
etc.  W rite  for  it  to-day. 

GEO.  H.  STAHL 
Box  250  ’B,  Quincy ,  III. 


THINK 
OF  IT 


Ask 
the 

editor 
ot  this 
paper  II 
Stahl  and 
his  Incu¬ 
bator  are 
right. 


We  will  have  some 
promising  April 
hatched  Single  Comb 
White  Leghorn  cock¬ 
erels  at  $2.00  and  $3.00 
each.  grand  early 
cockerels  sired  by  10  pound 
$r>.00  each.  Remember  our 


WHITE  LEGHORNS 

- AND - 

PEKIN  DUCKS 

hatch  Barred  Rock 
cocks  for  $3.00  and  ...... 

strain  of  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks,  Madison  Square 
Garden  Blue  Ribbon  Winners,  is  second  to  none. 
Have  1,000  now  to  select  from.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  of  hatching  eggs  in  any  quantity  or 
day  old  chicks  and  ducklings.  Cyphers  agents.  Incu¬ 
bator  10,000  egg  capacity.  Correspondence  invited. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.  The  only  large  successful 
plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City.  Bonnie 
Brae  Poultry  Farm,  New  ltoclielle,  N.  Y. 

Darlington  Poultry  Farm-^ncVERELseFKocR 

SALE.  $2.00  and  $3.00  each.  Fishel  strain. 

JAMES  T.  JONES,  Darlington,  Md 


S.  C.  W.  LEGHORN 


Also 


S.  C.  Rhode  Island  Reds  at  the  Horseshoe 
Road  Poultry  Farm  &i,^an^aEfGewscockr 

erels.  Write  for  prices.  WM.  R.  BURKHOLDER. 
Box  152,  R.  5,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

FAMOUS  LAY¬ 
ING  STRAIN 

Breeding  Hens  at  low  price  to  make  room, 
promising  Cockerels  cheap  in  quant  ities. 

ST.  MORITZ  FARM,  RAMSEY,  N.  J. 

OWNLAND  FARM’S  White  and  Buff  Wyandottes, 
Indian  Runner  Ducks.  Famous  "Win  and  Lay" 
Strains.  All  stock  subject  to  approval.  Price-List. 

OWNLAND  FARM,  Box  497,  South  Hammond,  New  York. 

GUAY’S  SILVER  QUILL  White  Rocks,  White 
Wyandottes,  White  Holland  Turkeys  and 
Berkshire  Pigs  at  bargain  prices.  GROVELAND 
STOCK  FARM,  Box  A,  Groveland,  New  York. 

Rahu  PhinlfC  I fl r*  Paoh- From  free  range  selected 

DflUj  bill  u  no  lUu  LdUl  Single  Comb  White  Leg¬ 
horn.  Can  furnish  in  any  number  I  am  hooking 
orders  for  early  deliveries.  Circular  free.  CHAS.  R. 
STONE,  Baby  Chicken  Farm,  Staatsburg-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 

Silver  Spangled  Hamburg,  COCKERELS 
White  Crested  Black  j.,  oo  itafh 
Polish  and  Brown  Leghorn 

AUSTIN  JACKSON,  Mineral  Springs,  N.  V. 


THE  FARMER’S  FOWL-Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 

Conn  BROWN  ami  White  Leghorn  Hens;  Giant  Bronze 
3UUU  and  White  Holland  Turkeys.  Bred  for  heavy 
winter  layers.  Numbers  to  suit.  Prices  reasonable. 

THE  AMERICAN  POULTRY  PLANT,  Collins,  Ohio 


R.  C.  Rhode  Island  Reds  and  Indian  Runner 

nil aI/q— Strong,  vigorous  strains  for  utility,  show 
UUbno  and  export.  All  stock  sold  on  approval 

SINCLAIR  SMITH,  602  Fifth  Street,  Brooklyn,  New  York. 


SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS— Quality 
Kind,  Famous  Lakewood  Strain,  Young  and  old 
stock  for  sale:  Hatching  eggs  for  early  delivery. 
SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Floinington.  New  Jersey. 


Free  Poultry  Catalogue 

EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS  MARIETTA  PA. 


RICHLAND  FARMS,  Frederick,  Md. 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS 

S.  C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS 

Now  is  the  time  to  place  your  order  for 
HATCHING  EGGS  and  HAY  OLD  CHICKS 
Six  hundred  and  sixty-two  acres  devoted  to  the  three 
breeds.  All  breeding  stock  have  free  range.  No  orders 
too  small  or  too  large. 

BREEDERS  FOR  SALE 

nn  EGGS  si.OO — Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
L U  try,  Pigeons.  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  1-arge  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  E.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 

Mt,  Pleasant  FarirLS  SrjSS 

voted  to  developing  under  ideal  conditions  the  best 

■S.  C.  W.  LEGHORNS 


l CORN  ELL L 


We  solicit  inquiries  from  those  in  need  of  new 
blood  or  foundation  stock.  Spring  orders  for  Eggs 
and  Chicks  now  being  booked.  Splendid  Cockerels 
cheap  during  December.  MT.  PLEASANT  FARM, 
Box  Y,  Havre  de  Grace,  Maryland. 

Pure  Bred  Bronze  Turkeys 

From  Prize-winning  Strains.  Stamp. 

MRS.  HARRIET  CHUMBLEY,  Draper,  Ya. 


LARGE  TOULOUSE  GEESE,  White  Holland  Turkeys  and 
White  Wyandotte  Cockerels  for  sale.  Prices  low 
for  quality.  E.  SCHIEBKR,  R.  2,  Bucyrus,  Ohio, 


GASOLINE 

BROODER  HEATER 

Equal  to  four"  Kerosene  Heaters 

Cares  for  200  chicks. 

Needs  little  attention. 

No  lamps  to  trim. 

No  ashes,  no  dirt,  no  soot. 
Absolutely  safe. 

Perfectly  Ventilated. 


W.  H.  TURKEYS 


MRS.  B.  F.  WRIGHT, 
Ransomvllle,  N.  Y. 


PUREBRED  WHITE  HOLLAND  TURKEYS. 

MRS.  K.  J.  RIDER,  Rodman,  New  York. 

MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  line  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1844 
R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 


I  CC  Egg  Incubator  SI  125 
Chick  Brooder  A  J. 


Ivu  Chick  Brooder  A  A 
FREIGHT  PREPAID  (East  of  Rockies! 


The  Progressive  has  cold  rolled  copper 
tank,  hot  water  heat,  double  disc  regulator, 
self  ventilating,  deep  nursery,  high  legs, 
double  doors,  safety  lamp.  It  Is  made  from 
Special  Heat  and  Cold  Resisting  Material 
with  hundreds  of  dead  air  cells.  Write  today. 

PROGRESSIVE  INCUBATOR  CO.,  Box  145  Racine,  Wl8. 

G.  C.  WHEELER,  Manager. 


PRICE  COMPLETE 

$10.92 


CAPACITY 

200 

CHICKS 


Recommended  by  The  New  York  State 
College  of  Agriculture. 

.  .  .  Send  for  Free  Catalog  .  .  . 

TREMAN,  KING  &  CO., 

Dept.  M,  ITHACA,  NEW  YORK. 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  POULTRY  HOUSE  APPLIANCES. 


Hatch  After  Hatch 


Write  today  for  our  Big  FREE 
Book  about  the  World’s  Greatest 
Guaranteed  Continuous  Hatchers 
AVDIICDC  Incubators 
0  I  rHCnu  and  Brooders 
Get  your  share  of  billion  dollars 
poultry  money  In  1911.  Guide 


Get  your  share  of  billion  dollars 
poultry  money  in  1911.  Guido 
Book  free -write  for  It  today. 

Cyphers  Incubator  Co.,  Dept,  88 

buffalo,  N.  V.,  N.w  York  City.  Ohlcago,  III. 
Co, ton.  Mam. ,  K&nsx. City,  M o. ,  O^klwLCal^ 


fir#  PiwWr  lntura  bit 


Qualify  Higher-Price  Lower 

W  — - *  ^  Otl  ItfMln  Got 


ITricd  and  ProTen 
for  17  Years 
Dea  Moines  Incubator  Co. 


Wo  beat  them  all  again.  Got 
our  DIRECT-TO-YOU  prop¬ 
osition,  low  prices,  and  BIG 

So.  SUCCESSFUL 

Incubators  And  Brooders  before  you  buy 
anywhere  this  year— the  RreateBt  value 
ever  offered.  Catalog  FREE — send  name. 
If  you  want  a  book  on  “Proper  Care  of 
CWoks,  Ducks,  Turkeys’*— send  10  cents. 


90  Second  St.,  Dcs  Moines,  la. 


$  >55  Buys  Best 

140-Egg 

Incubator 


J 


Wo  ship 
quick  from 
8t  Paul,  Buffalo, 
Kansas  City  or 
Kacino. 


Double  cases  all  over;  best 
copper  tank;  nursery,  self¬ 
regulating.  Best  140-chick 
hot-water  Brooder,  $4.85. 
Both  ordered  together,  $11.50.  Freight  prepaid 
(E.  of  Rockies).  No  machines  at  any  price  are 
better  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Write  for  book 
today  or  send  price  now  and  save  waiting. 

Belle  City  Incubator  Co.,  Box  4  8  Racine.  Wis. 

125  Egg  Incubator^ If) 
and  Brooder  Bof5.-$*U 

I  If  ordered  together  we  send 
lboth  for  $10.  Freight  iSS? 

'paid  east  of  Rockies.  Hot^S= 
wator,  copper  tanks,  double  walls, 
double  glass  doors.  Free  catalog 
describes  them.  Send  for  it  today. 

Wisconsin  Incubator  Co., 

Box  It 8,  Racine,  WIs. 


GRIT 


M  AKA-SHEL  SOLUBLE 

Bright,  sharp,  shining, 

M  a  k  e  s  b one  and 
Increases  Kgg- 
Produetion  when  | 

Eggs  are  liigli. 

Ask  your  dealer,  or  send  us  $1-00  for  two 
100-11).  bags  f.  o.  b.  cars.  Booklet  free 

EDGE  HILL  SILICA  ROCK  CO., 

Box  J.  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 


_ JE  foods 

are  demanded  and  used  by  successful 
poultrymen  everywhere  because  our 
goods  are  reliable.  Every  ounce  of  grain  is 
clean  and  nourishing.  Lowest  prices.  Full 
weight.  Prompt  shipments.  Satisfaction 
guaranteed.  Send  today  for  Booklet  and 
FREE  Souvenir.  Don’t  delay. 

TAYLOR  BROS.,  10  Market  Street,  CAMDEN,  N.  J. 


JL 


MAKE  HENS  LAYH 


more  eggs;  larger,  more  vigorous  chicks; 
heavier  fowls,  by  feeding  cut  bone. 

MANN’S  LATE*-T- 

cuts  fast,  easv.  fine :  never 


BONE  CUTTER 

easy,  fine;  never  clogs. 


1911. 


THE  RURAE  NEW-YORKER 


£6 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  January  14,  1911. 

FARM  TOriCS. 

The  Story  of  Alfalfa . 25,  26 

The  Pdoduets  of  an  Acre . 26 

potato  Growing  in  California . 27 

Alfalfa  Seed  in  New  York . 27 

Different  Forms  of  Lime . 28 

Vetch  for  Ohio  Soil . 28 

Acetylene  Refuse;  Pig  Manure . 28 

An  Ohio  Potato  Crop . 29 

oats  and  Peas  and  Corn . 29 

Water  Supply  for  Barn . 30 

A  Farming  Town  in  Southern  New  Hamp¬ 
shire  . ..31 

Fertilizing  for  Potatoes . 31 

Killing  Out  Dodder . 31 

Buying  a  Feed  Mill . 32 

Crops  and  Prices . 32 

Drilling  Wheat  Both  Ways . 34 

Handling  the  Poultry  Manure . 35 

Value  of  Corn  Fodder . 37 

Hope  Farm  Notes.... . 38 

Rhode  Island  Farmers  Meet . 41 

Keeping  Roots  Out  of  Drain  Tile . 47 

What  to  Do  With  Buckwheat . 47 

Growing  Cactus  in  Florida . 48 

The  Sunflower  Crop . 51 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

Hens  Against  Cows . 46 

Mange  . 46 

Heave's  . 46 

The  Western  Meat  Situation . 48 

Ringworm  . 48 

Sick  Cat  . 48 

Congested  Udder  . *8 

Milk  . 49 

The  Cost  of  Milk . 49 

Bitter  Milk  . 49 

Reduced  Milk  Flow . 49 

Cabbage  in  Milk  Ration . 50 

A  Kentucky  Ration . 50 

Ration  With  Mixed  Materials . 50 

New  York  Poultry  Show . 51 

Sprouted  Oats  for  Poultry . 51 

“Growth”  on  Chicken’s  Toes . 51 

Ganders  Sing  Tenor . 51 

Poultry  in  Small  Run . 51 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

Bone  Tumor  . 52 

Abnormal  Sweating  . 52 

Cow  With  Cough  . 52 

Rickets  in  Pigs . 52 

Strangles  . 545 

Worms  - . 52 

Weak^Dog1  ? . !!!!!!!!!!!!!! I !!!!! !n2  a‘d  could  be  secured,  before  the  birds  begin 

vc  in  Pnw  ...  . frpt  «ir*lc  if-  wrmlr!  ho  o  p-oorl  nlnn  fn 


Truss  for  Roaring  Horse. 

I  have  a  line  large  roaring  mare  eight 
years  old.  Would  you  indicate  how  spring 
mentioned  on  page  1149  is  made  and  used, 
of  what  material  and  is  it  put  inside  of 
nostral  or  outside.  N.  a.  m. 

New  York. 

The  truss  is  simply  a  pad  of  oakum  or 
tow  covered  with  chamois  skin  or  other 
soft,  pliable  leather  and  kept  pressing  upon 
the  outside  of  the  false  nostr’l,  by  means 
of  a  spring.  Any  harness  maker  will  make 
the  necessary  apparatus.  A  spring,  like 
that  on  ordinary  ear  muffs,  may  be  used 
with  success.  a.  s.  a. 

Dog  with  Catarrh. 

I  have  a  dog  that  was  taken  with  sneez¬ 
ing  last  March  like  a  person  ;  his  nose  now 
runs  and  his  head  gathers.  His  gums  and 
his  teeth  bleed  and  he  does  not  eat  very 
much.  When  he  was  ttrst  taken  he  was 
very  fat,  but  now  is  quite  thin.  Can  you 
give  me  any  remedy  ?  T.  M. 

New  York. 

Keep  the  nose  clean  by  sponging  with  a 
saturated  solution  of  boric  acid.  Use  a 
similar  solution  with  which  to  wash  the 
gums  twice  a  day.  Give  two  grains  of  qui¬ 
nine  in  capsule  every  night  and  twice  a 
day  20  drops  of  elixir  calisaya  bark,  iron 
and  strychnine  in  a  little  water,  a.  s.  a. 

Poultry  Poisoned  with  Brine. 

What  can  ne  done  for  poultry  that  has 
been  poisoned  by  fish  brine  or  salt? 

Baltimore,  Md.  l.  c.  C. 

All  kinds  of  poultry,  especially  pigeons 
and  turkeys,  die  so  quickly  from  salt  poi¬ 
soning  that  there  is  not  much  time  to  do 
anything  for  them.  It  usually  takes  less 
than  an  hour  for  them  to  die.  If  prompt 


Scours  in  Cow . 52 

HORTICULTURE. 

The  Size  of  Nut  Seedlings . 28 

Keep  Lime  from  Strawberries . 28 

Lime  and  Sulphur  Injury . 28 

Tax  Exempted  Orchards . 29 

Grapes,  Quince  and  Peach  Orchards . 30 

The  Grimes  Golden  Apple . 32 

The  Inside  Ballot  . 32 

The  Cost  of  an  Apple  Orchard . 33 

.Mix  the  Apple  Varieties . 34 

Possibilities  of  Orchard  Heaters . 34 

Protection  Against  Rabbits . 36 

Trouble  With  Dwarf  Apple . 37 

Notes  on  Blackberries . 39 

Mulched  Peaches  . 39 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day . 42 

Home  Treatment  for  Small  Ills . 42 

The  Rural  Patterns  . 43 

Enough  for  Two  Days . 43 

Haricot  of  Mutton . 43 

Aunt  Martha’s  Envelope  Library . 44 

The  Michigan  Woman  on  Summer  Board¬ 
ers  . 45 

Making  Over  to  Advantage . 45 

Stewed  Red  Cabbage  . 45  whip  smartly 

Stuffed  Potatoes  With  Hamburg  Gravy.. 45  mean. 

Priscilla  Cream  Roll . 45  _________ 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

A  Handy  Gate  Fastener . 27 

A  White  Winter  . 29 

Producer’s  Share  of  Hats . 31 

Express  Charges . 32 

Suggestion  for  Parcels  Post . 3S 

Use  for  Defaulted  Bonds . 35 

Products,  Prices  and  Trade . 36 

Editorials  . 40 

Other  People’s  Money . 41 

Events  of  the  Week . 41 

Prepaid  Express  Charges . 41 

A  Consumer’s  Observation  About  His 

Dollar  . 47 

Publisher’s  Desk  . 54 


to  get  sick,  it  would  be  a  good  plan  to 
wash  out  the  crop  with  warm  water,  hold¬ 
ing  the  birds  enough  under  a  stream  of 
water  until  the  crop  is  full  and  then  let.ting 
the  head  hang  down  while  the  contents  of 
the  crop  runs  out.  Mild  cases  of  poisoning 
may  be  saved  in  this  way.  c.  s.  g. 

Vicious  Mare. 


I  have  a  mare  eight  years  old  that  was 
always  quiet  and  gentle  until  three  months 
ago  she  became  cross  so  that  I  cannot 
use  her.  She  will  strike,  bite  and  kick.  Is 
there  a  cure?  h.  k.  m. 

If  possible  have  the  mare  spayed  by 
an  expert  veterinarian.  If  this  cannot  be 
done  give  her  a  dram  of  iodide  of  potash 
twice  a  day  in  water  for  five  consecutive 
days  a  week  for  several  weeks,  and  feed 
her  sparingly.  She  also  should  have  the 
applied  when  she  acts 
a.  s.  A. 


POULTRY 

TRUTHS 


g> 


/V  -kii 


A  YOKE  OF  YOUNG  CATTLE. 

Fred  Bayhan,  the  youngster  with  the 
calves  in  Fig.  11  (see  first  page),  is 
following  the  advice  of  The  R.  N.-Y. 
by  breaking  a  yoke  of  cattle.  The  Red 
Polled  cow  in  Fig.  12  is  the  mother  of 
these  calves,  which  are  twins  and  were 
about  six  weeks  old  when  the  pictures 
were  taken.  Oxen  are  of  considerable 
utility  on  the  farm,  and  this  young  man 
has  made  a  good  start,  by  kindness  and 
patience,  towards  securing  a  dependable 
ox  team.  These  calves  weighed  about 
155  pounds  apiece,  were  quite  thrifty 


After  all,  it’s  the 
TRUTH — the  plain 
unvarnished  prac¬ 
tical  facts  about 
poultry-raising,  that 
you  want,  not  theories 
advanced  by  writers 
,  who  too  often  have  “an  axe 
j  to  grind.” 

.  Mr.  S.  B. Twining,  a  lead¬ 
ing  authority  on  practical 
poultry-raising  for  profit,  has 
written  a  valuable  book  that 
gives  readers  the  benefit  of  his 
life-long  experience — a  plain, 

J  honest  statement  of  facts. 

Every  phase  of  the  poultry  business  is* 
covered  including  Capon  Culture. 

POULTRY  TRUTHS  is  being  sold 
on  its  merits— no  connection  with  any 
publication  or  advertising  scheme. 

You’ll  find  it  profitable  to  read 
this  book.  No  other  book  contains 
so  much  practical, reliable  advice. . 


$i  nn  droopy 

I  lUV  POSTPAID 

Send  for  Your  Copy  Today. 

AFTON  FARMS.  Bax  0-1, 
Yardley,  Pa. 


and  exceedingly  well  behaved  for  such ^*rCldCr  S  FillC  Catalogue 

°  .  of  pure  bred  poultry,  for  1911,  over  200 

youngsters.  They  have  been  hitched  to  pages,  57  colored pictures of  fowls,  caien- 

0  J  ,  darfor  each  month,  illustrations,  descrip- 

small  sleds  and  other  small  articles,  Ufjns.  photos,  incubators,  brooders,  and 

’  all  details  concerning  the  business,  where 
which  they  readily  pulled.  W.  E.  D.  and  how  to  buy  fine  poultry,  eggs  for 

Hillsboro,  Ohio. 


hatching,  supplies,  etc.,  at  lowest  cost. 
Send  15c.  B.  H.  Greider,  Box  58 ,  Rheemx,  Pa. 


Preparing  for  Alfalfa. 

1  have  a  piece  of  ground,  about  one-half 
acre.  I  desire  to  sow  in  Alfalfa  the  coming 
season.  It  was  an  old  peach  orchard ;  the 
soil  tv  as  corned  two  years,  last  Spring  sown 
with  oats  aud  Red  clover.  I  got  a  nice 
stand  of  clover,  during  August  turned  the 
clover  under  and  sowed  with  rye.  In 

Spring  I  think  I  shall  turn  the  rye  under 
and  sow  with  Canada  peas  and  oats ;  cut 
the  same  for  hay,  plow  and  prepare  the 
ground  by  frequent  cultivation,  lime  and 
'hoculatlon,  and  sow  about  August  15. 
Mill  it  be  better  to  let  the  rye  mature  and 
turn  stubble  down  aud  then  prepare  the 
ground  as  above?  w.  e.  c. 

Flemington,  N.  J. 

Our  plan  would  be  to  plow  under  the 
rye  and  seed  to  Canada  peas.  You  should 
try  to  get  all  the  vegetable  matter  possible 
into  the  soil  when  seeding  Alfalfa,  hut  re¬ 
member  that  this  makes  more  lime  neces¬ 
sary. 


Peach  and  Apple  Trees 

For  fall  or  spring  planting.  Prices  right;  stock 
right.  MYER  &  SON,  Bridgeville,  Del. 

CflD  CAI  C— Canada  Peas, $1.85bushel;  Alas- 

■  If  it  VHLL  ka  Peas,  $4.00  bushel;  Cow  Peas. 
$2.25  bushel;  Crimson  Clover  Seed,  $8.50  bushel. 
Sow  Canada  Peas  and  Oats  in  March  ami  harvest 

a  crop  of  Hay  in  May.  JOSEPH  E.  HOLLAND,  Milford,  Del. 

For  Sale;  20  Tons  of  Alfalfa  Ha/JiS: 


Running  Water  on  tire  Farm  K  .3 

at  low  first  cost  with  an  automatic 

RIFE  RAM 

Cheapest  and  most  efficient 
water  supply  for  country 
place,  irrigation,  farms,  etc. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Booklet,  plans,  estimates  fas*. 

Rife  Engine  Co.  2429TriniiyBldg.,R.Y. 


^Galloway 

MANURE  SPREADER 

The  real  thing.  A  successful  50  bushel  Spreader  with 
more  than  four  years  of  success  behind  it,  only  $39.50j 
This  is  only  one  of  the  great  Galloway  line.  More 
than  40,000  fanners  of  America  have  stamped  their 
O.K.onit.  They  say,  “It’s  the  Best.”  This  is  the  latest 
from  the  Great  Galloway  factory.  It’s  part  of  my  1911 
capacity  of  40,000  manure  spreaders.  It  is  you  that  gets 
the  benefit  of  this  tremendous  output,  and  you  save  40  to  GO 
per  cent  on  your  purchase  because  I  divide  the  melon  with 
you.  Every  page  of  my  big  free  book  fairly  bristles  with  Proof 


jOnl/39-l 

F.O.B.  WATERLOO 


s~~a 


GST  THIS  BIG  BOOK 

Tree 


Let  ine  quote  you  prices  on  a  Gallowny  Spreader 
to  suit  the  size  of  your  farm.  I’ve  got  the  one  for  you.  I’ll 
trust  you  to  try  it.  I’ll  put  it  all  up  to  you,  and  if  you  say  it’s  not  what  you 
want,  I’ll  take  it  back  and  you  don’t  lose  one  dollar  by  the  deal.  See  it 
worf-,  then  vou  know  what  it  is.  Here’s  what  you  will  find  out : 

IDs  the  simplest  and  handiest — two  horses  can  handle 
it— spreads  any  kind  of  stuff— no  breakage  bills-loni 
life  — satisfaction  all  the  way— it’s  a  money-maker 
every  day  —  it  pays  you  bid  profit  on  every  crop 
you  use  it.  Now  prove  this  out.  Find  out  that  you  can 
make  this  saving.  I  know  something  about  the  spreader  bus¬ 
iness  you  ought  to  know;  let  me  tell  you.  Write  me  and 
r  don’t  put  it  off  till  tomorrow.  — WM.  GALLOWAY 

WM.  GALLOWAY  CO.,  669  Galloway  Sta.,  Waterloo,  bwa 

Let  Me  Tell  You  How  I  Divide  the  Melon  with  You 


Yours  FREE  30  Days 

I’ll  Pay  Freight  Anywhere 

Just  let  me  send  my  Chatham  Fanning  Mill  to  your 
R.  R.  Station  on  a  month’s  trial.  No  money,  no 
contract  and  I  pay  the  freight.  Return  at  my  ex¬ 
pense  or  keep  it  and  take  a  year  to  pay  me.  Just  let 
mo  prove  the  money  you  can  make  with  a 

CHATHAMvScfE 


No  Money  Dow.. 

No  Note 

No  Contract 


Cleans  and  grades  all  kinds  of  seeds,  grasses  and  grains.  Don’t 
grow  weeds  or  thin  stands.  Landnnd  taxes  are  too  high.  Double 
the  crops,  get  better  crops  and  have  high-priced  seed,to  sell.  Send 
postal  now  for  my  factory  price,  liberal  terms,  and  get  FREE 
BOOK  No.  104.  Tells  how  thousands  are  making  big, 
extra  profits  with  a  Chatham.  Send  your  name  by  next  mail. 
Address  Manson  Campbell,  Pres.,  * 

HANSON  CAMPBELL  CO..  Detroit,  Mich.  . 

Kansas  City,  Mo.;  St.  Paul,  Minn.;  Seattle,  Wash. 


17  Screens  and  Riddles 
Eanwh  * —  Every  Puroosp 


On  account  of  the  owners  wish  to  discontinue 
farming,  the  entire  herd  of  imported  and  homebred 
GU14KNSEY  CATTLE  of  BKAFIBUKN  FARMS, 
consisting  of  8  imported  cows  and  2  homebred;  15 
head,  various  ages,  from  1  month  to  3  years.  Also 
2  purebred  Holstein  cows  in  advanced  registry 
Netherland  Do  Kol  strain;  one  Guernsey  bull,  15 
months  old,  dam  Princess  L  of  Homested,  13155 
A.  U.  680—  record  7871  lbs.  milk,  363  lbs.  fat;  sire 
ltoys  of  Norwood  8141 :  all  tuberculin  tested. 

Thirty-two  head  of  Pure  Southdown  Ewes,  im¬ 
ported  and  homebred,  all  with  lamb,  and  one  Ram 
lamb.  500  head  of  Leghorn  Pullets.  Young’s 
strain.  Also  three  pairs  of  good  farm  horses,  and 
One  road  horse,  Harubletonian  bred, coming  three 
years,  broken  and  safe  and  all  right  in  every  way; 
together  with  a  lot  of  farm  machinery,  all  in  good 
condition.  This  is  a  good  chance  to  secure  some 
good  stock  at  reasonable  prices.  Parties  interested 
will  be  met  at  Towaco  on  the  D..L.  &W.  R.  R. 
and  Pompton  Plains  on  the  Erie  It.  R.  by  notifying 
the  Superintendent  a  few  days  in  advance.  For 
full  particulars  addressltOBHKT  DOUGLAS, Supt., 
Braeburn Farms,  Towaco  P.O., Morris  County,  N.J. 


POSITION  WANTED 

It  gives  me  pleasure  to  recommend  my  Superin¬ 
tendent.  Mr.  Robert  Douglas,  who  has  served  me 
to  my  entire  satisfaction.  He  is  a  young  man  of 
practical  knowledge,  trustworthy  and  reliable.  On 
account  of  my  desire  to  discontinue  farming  and 
stock  breeding,  he  is  open  for  engagement.  I 
would  strongly  advise  any  one  desirous  of  securing 
the  services  of  an  up-to-date  man  to  interview  him 
at  my  country  estate,  Braeburn,  Towaco.  Morris 
CO.,  N.  J.  Address  DAVID  YOUNG,  ESQ.,  227 
Roseville  Avenue,  Newark,  N.  J. 


Farm  far  Rani  noar  Salisbury, Maryland.  For 
P  U I  111  1U!  IlC  II  l  full  particulars  address  or  call 
on  SAMUEL  P.  WOODCOCK,  Salisbury,  Maryland. 


SELL  FAKMS  IN  OCEANA,  the  best  (to,  in  theU.S.  Fruit,  grain 
I  and  stock.  Write  for  list.  J.  D.  S.  HANSON,  Ilart,  Mich. 


Purebred  Bronze  Turkeys  JSS.  £^emrss7 

Hens,  $4;  f.  o.  b.  G.  Harris  Field,  The  Plains,’ Va’. 


Indian  Runner  Ducks 

$5  per  trio.  W.  T.  EASTON,  R.  5,  Delaware.  Ohio 


-UTILITY 
Stock,  $4  and 


R.  C.  B.  MIN0RCAS,  Cockerels,  $1.25  each.  Indian 
Runner  Ducks.  $6  trio.  Geo.  Bowdish,  Esperance,  H.Y. 


COLUMBIAN  WYAND0TTES— Beauty &utility  c-mbined. 
Splendid,  vigorous  Cockerels  and  Pens  mated.  Ad- 
dress  Ralph  Woodward,  Box  28,  Grafton,  Mass. 

Lt.  Brahmas,  White  P.  Rocks,  B,  P.  Rocks. 

Fine  Birds.  J.  A.  ROBERTS,  Malvern,  Pa. 

ORPINGTONS — S.  C.  Blackand  White  Cockerels,  Black 
Pullets;  utility  orprize winners.  Prices  reasonable. 
Eggs  in  season.  R.  M.  MORRISON,  Lyme,  N.  H. 

RIIFF  RflPK  PULLETS  and  COCKERELS, 

UUI  I  llUUlV  hen  hatched,  large,  healthy  and 
vigorous.  Address  TH  E  FOUR  AC  RES,  Nu  tley ,  N.J. 

COLLIE  PUPS,  $4  and  $5— Spayed  Female,  20  mos.  old 

very  handsome,  $13.  Buff  Orpington  Cockerels.  $1 ! 
Berkshire  Gilt,  $-20,  W.  A.  LOTHERS,  Peru  Lack,  Pa. 

Fox,  Rabbit  and  Hound  Pups— Skunk  Dogs 

2-cent  stamp  for  reply.  P.  L.  Yarnell,  Shreve,  O. 

Pi  CYC  *8  each;  pair,  $15.  a.m. 

L>11  RSUH  C  I  lS^  DAVIS,  Trooper,  Pa. 

LAKEHILL  FARM 

W.  H.  THACHER. 

Single  and  Rose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W.  P  Rocks 
and  Imp.  Pekin  Ducks.  Cockerels  and  Ducks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  in  any  quantity  at  right  prices 
Orders  booked  for  early  delivery  of  hatching  eutrs 
and  day  old  chicks  and  ducklings.  Safe  delivery 
of  all  orders  guaranteed.  Satisfaction  or  your 
money  back.  JOHN  H.  WEED,  Mgr,  HILLSIDE 
Westchester  County.  N.  Y.  ’ 

Hothouse  Lambs,  Poultry,  Calves,  Fancy  Eggs 

Ship  to  W.  H.  COHEN  &  CO.,  229  Washington  St.,  New  York. 


This  hook 
entitled  **1911  Notes  on 
Poultry  Raising:”  describes  the  “really 
different”  incubator — the  NATIONAL. 
and  tells  how:  to  succeed  with  poultry, 
•to  discover  useless  eg^s,  to  get  big 
f  hatches,  etc.  Write  now.  It  is  FRK  K. 

NATIONAL  INCUBATOR  CO. 
108  18th  Street  Racine,  Wij. 


LET  US  TAN 
YOUR  HIDE. 

Cattle  or  Horse  hide.  Calf,  Dog,  Deer, 
or  any  kind  of  skin  with  hair  or  fur  on. 

We  make  them  soft,  light,  odorless,  • 
wind,  moth  and  water  proof,  and  make 
them  into  coats  (for  men  or  women) 
robes,  rugs  or  gloves  when  so  ordered. 

Your  fur  goods  will  cost  you  less  than 
to  buy  them,  and  be  worth  more.  Send 
three  or  more  cow  or  horse  hides  in  one 
shipment  from  anywhere  cast  of  Den¬ 
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gives  prices  of  tanning,  taxidermy  and 
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-i'V 


Along:  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railway  as  low  as  $15.00  per  acre. 

rke 


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mohUX  C.  &  O.  RY..  Box  Z  RICHMOND,  VA. 


AS 


60 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


January  14,  1911 


Don’t  Send  Us  One  Cent! 


The  editor  of  this  paper  unre¬ 
servedly  recommends  that  you  take 
advantage  of  this  free  loan  offer,  as  he 
is  familiar  with  the  Edison  phonograph 
and  knows  of  nothing  which  will  add 
more  cheer,  entertainment  and  pleas¬ 
ure  to  the  home  life  than  one  of  these 
wonderful  machines. 


Keep  your  money  in  your  pocket.  Don't  send  us  a  penny.  We  simply 
want  you  to  see  for  yourself,  and  prove  to  your  own  satisfaction  that  the  new 
styie  Edison  Phonograph  is  the  greatest  entertainer  ever  invented,  that  the  long 
winter  evenings  may  be  made  so  enjoyable  that  your  sons  and  daughters,  and  even 
your  neighbors,  will  look  forward  every  day  to  4 'evening  time”  when  you  can  all  gather  round  the 
cheerful  fire  and  play  all  the  new  as  well  as  old  songs,  and  join  in  the  singing  of  them, 
latest  minstrel  jokes,  orchestra  and  band  selections,  funny  stories,  and  the  dozens 
things  included  in  our  list  of  thousands  of  records. 

If  I  could  just  walk  into  your  home  this  evening 


and  hear 
of  other 


the 

good 


will  really  do. 


and  shake  hands  with  each  member  of  the  family  and  then, 
after  a  few  minutes’  pleasant  chat,  place  my  latest  model  phono¬ 
graph  on  your  table  and  play  “Way  Dow?i  Upon  the  Suxcanee  River  with 
its  beautiful  orchestra  accompaniment,  have  you  all  join  in  and  sing  the  second 
verse — your  daughters’,  your  sons’  and  your  own  voices  blending  in  sweet  har¬ 
mony,  a  thrill  of  genuine  contentment  and  an  almost  new  interest  in  life  would 
take  possession  of  you,  and  under  the  emotional  influence  of  that  grandest  of 
God's  gifts  to  man — music — you  would  take  me  by  the  hand  and  thank  me  from 
the  bottom  of  your  heart  for  having  come  into  your  home  and  gladdened  you  all 
with  a  practical  demonstration  of  what  this  wonderful  Edison  Phonograph 
But  I  cannot  possibly  visit  the  hundreds  of  thousands  of  homes  throughout  this  vast  country,  yet  I  can  loan  you  the  machine  and  records. 


and  this  is 

to  fill  out  the  coupon  below  and  cut  it  out  and  mail  it  right  away. 


what  I  propose  to  do,  and  without  asking  you  to  send  or  deposit  one  penny.  All  you  have  to  "do  is 

Don't  fail  to  send  for  our  handsome  Free  Edison  Catalog  and  list  of  records, 
so  you  can  select  just  the  machine  and  the  records  you  want.  You  may  take  your 
choice  of  any  machine  you  like,  also  your  choice  of  records.  Remember,  there  is  no 
obligation  on  you.  You  do  not  risk  a  penny.  Just  fill  out  the  coupon  and  mail  it  to 
us  at  once.  There  is  no  “catch”  to  this  offer.  We  will  do  just  as  we  say. 


I  want  you  to  just  satisfy  yourself  what  a  great  addition  to  your  home  the 
phonograph  will  make.  If  I  were  a  farmer,  and  only  had  enough  money  with 
which  to  pay  my  actual  living  expenses,  and  a  little  more,  I  would  take 
advantage  of  such  an  offer  as  is  made  herewith,  as  I  would  feel  that  ray  wife  and 


family  as  well  as  myself  had  a  right  to  some  of  the  pleasures  of  life. 


ROOSEVELT  SAYS: 

F.  K. 

BABSON,  XJpporZn^ 


and  the  disposition  to  put  off  doing  things  until  tomorrow,  which 

unhappiness,  more  failures  and  more  lost 


done  today  causes 
than  any  one 


more 

error 


to  which  humanity  is  prone.’ 


Edison  Phonograph 
Distributers 

SUITE  3581 


EDISON  BLOCK, 
CHICAGO,  ILL. 


So  don’t  delay.  Don’t  procrastinate. 

Fill  in  this  Coupon  at  once,  NOW,  today, 

and  send  for  our  generous  free  loan  offer.  Enjoy  the 


Without  any  cost  to  me,  please 


\ 

send  me  your  Great  Edison  Catalog, 
free  and  prepaid,  and  full  explanation  of 
your  Free  Loan  Phonograph  Tidal  Offer. 


our 

free  concerts.  Use  it  in  the  sick  room,  the  nursery, 
a  “Barn  Dance,”  play  it  for  the  old  folks,  the  baby, 
the  family.  Learn  all  the  new  songs  and  hear  the  new 
records.”  Don’t  pass  this  great  free  trial  offer  by. 


Have 
for  all 
‘funny 


Mail  Coupon  to  us  at  once 


My  reasons  for  making  this 

free  loan  offer:  By  loaning  a  few 
people  these  wonderful  new  style 
Edison  machines,  letting  them  play  them 
for  their  friends,  I  will  quickly  acquaint 
everybody  with  the  superiority  of  the  latest 
style  Edison.  Many,  many  people  will  hear 
the  free  concerts  and  then  some  at  least 
will  want  to  buy  an  Edison — especially  as 
the  finest  instruments  may  be  had  for  $2.00 
a  month.  But  if  nobody  who  hears  the 
concerts  at  your  home  happens  to  buy, 
there’s  no  harm  done.  I  am  just  as  glad 
that  I  sent  you  the  phonograph  on  the  free 
loan  and  thus  got  your  help  in  advertising 
the  machine  by  means  of  the  free  concerts. 


Name . . . . \ 


Address. 


F.  K.  Babsoii,  Edison  Phonograph  Distributers 


iusi  fm  out  this  coupon.  No  totter  neccessary. 


SUITE  3581  EDISON  BLOCK,  CHICAGO,  ILLINOIS 

CANADIAN  OFFICE:  WESTERN  OFFICE: 

335  Portage  Ave.,  Winnipeg,  Manitoba 


65  Post  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


MR.  EDISON 

■  * *1  want,  to  see  a  Phonograph 

in  every  American  Home .  ” 


The  phonograph  is  the  result  of  years  of  experiment, 
it  is  Mr.  Edison’s  pet  and  hobby,  and  is  considered  by 
him  his  greatest  invention.  It  his  ambition  to  have  one 
of  these  wonderful  entertainers  in  every  home  in  the 
land. 


I  do  not  ask  for  one  cent. 

No  deposit.  No  payment  of  any  kind. 

All  S  want  is  that  you  let  me 
loan  you  one  of  my  new  Style  Phono¬ 
graphs  in  your  home  and  use  it  absolutelv 
FREE.  I  want  to  loan  you  this  wonderful  ma¬ 
chine.  I  want  you  to  take  it  right  to  your  own 

home  and  treat  it  just  as  if  it  were  your  own  and  give  it  a  thorough  trial. 
I  want  you  to  call  the  family  together  and  invite  in  your  neighbors  and 
have  some  free  concerts,  and  hear  the  latest  songs,  the  newest  “rag-time 
music.  I  want  you  to  hear  "Sousa’s  great  band  of  sixty  pieces,  I  want  you 
to  hear  the  great  Grand  Opera  singers,  the  best  ballad  vocalists  of  the  age. 


OFFER 


REMEMBER,  we  do  not  ask  you  to  take  one  cent  risk,  you  are  under  no  obligation  to  keep 

the  phonograph  in  any  way.  We  simply  want  you  to  try  it  and  have  your  neighbors  hear  it.  Then  when  you  are  through  with  the  free  concerts  send 
back  the  outfit  at  our  expense.  I  have  a  particular  reason  for  wishing  to  ship  you  this  wonderful  phonograph  on  free  loan  offer,  note  these  reasons  given  below. 


I  MEAN  EVERY  WORD 
OF  THIS  REMARKABLE 


CONQUEST  OF  BROWN-ROT. 
Self-Boiled  Lime-Sulphur. 

The  most  destructive  fungus  disease 
known  to  the  peach  orchardist  has 
finally  been  put  under  control.  J.  H. 
Hale,  of  Georgia  and  Connecticut,  paid 
his  respects  to  the  brown-rot  disease  in 
the  following  terms :  “The  brown-rot 
is  so  great  a  factor  for  evil  in  the  rais¬ 
ing  of  peaches  for  the  market  that  in  a 
few  years  more  it  would  have  accom¬ 
plished  the  complete  failure  of  my  or¬ 
chard  plant  in  the  State  of  Georgia.  We 
can  master  or  control  every  other  enemy 
of  the  peach  by  up-to-date  methods  and 
precautions,  but  until  now  we  have  had 
no  weapon  that  would  touch  the  brown- 
rot  fungus.”  And  then  he  continued  to 
say  that  “the  use  of  the  self-boiled  lime- 
sulphur  spray  as  a  foliage  treatment  for 
the  peach  tree,  recently  discovered  by 
Mr.  W.  M.  Scott,  of  the  U.  S.  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture,  alone  would  swing 
the  future  status  of  my  fortune  from 
failure  to  success.” 

The  importance  of  this  spray  to  Mr. 
Hale  reaches  to  every  other  peach 
grower  in  the  country,  with  somewhat 
less  force,  except  perhaps,  to  orchardists 
in  the  arid  regions  of  the  West  where 
the  climatic  conditions  are  unfriendly  to 
the  career  of  the  destructive  fungus.  In 
the  early  peach  section  of  Georgia  the 
work  of  Mr.  Scott  means  the  restoration 
of  prosperous  peach  growing,  where  re¬ 
cently  the  industry  has  had  to  be  aban¬ 
doned  solely  on  account  of  brown-rot. 
Gradually  in  the  past  15  years  the  peach 
belt  has  been  pushed  farther  south  into 
the  humid  regions  of  Georgia  for  the 
sake  of  producing  earlier  fruit.  It  is 
here  that  the  rot  has  worked  the  most 
utter  ruin. 

While  in  general  it  is  true  that  the 
coastal  plains  are  hardest  hit,  it  is  a 
fact  that  wherever  there  are  stone  fruits 
raised  in  abundance  there  is  brown-rot 
present,  waiting  only  the  awakening 
touch  of  the  friendly  dampness  to  bring 
it  to  life  when,  in  a  few  days,  it  will 
devour  a  large  part  or  all  of  the  profits 
of  the  orchard.  In  a  recent  year  D.  M. 
Wertz,  of  Waynesboro,  Pa.,  a  large  or¬ 
chardist  located  in  the  mountain  region, 
where  peach  trees  are  assumed  to  be 
comparatively  safe  from  brown-rot,  lost 
20  carloads,  or  about  one-third  of  his 
crop  from  a  sudden  outbreak  of  the 
fungus. 

f  he  brown-rot  answers  to  the  aristo¬ 
cratic  Latin  name  of  Sclerotina  fructi- 
gena.  In  habit  it  is  a  sort  of  sleeping 
sickness,  since  it  is  able  to  endure  al¬ 
most  indefinitely  in  the  mummified  fruit 
that,  having  been  infected,  has  either 
dropped  to  the  ground  or  hangs  with¬ 
ered  on  the  tree.  In  the  moist  seasons 
of  .Spring  and  Summer  the  fungus 
breeds  vast  numbers  of  spores  that  later 
are  conveyed  by  winds  to  the  trees, 
where  infection  is  repeated.  In  dry 
weather  so  slight  damage  is  done  that 
the  disease  appears  to  sleep.  Often  in 
a  badly  infected  orchard  the  inroads  of 
the  rot  will  be  immaterial  until,  just  at 


GUM  FROM  CURCULIO  PUNCTURES.  Fig.  21. 


BROWN  ROT  ON  PEACHES.  Fig.  22. 


harvest  time,  a  spell  of  overcast  skies 
and  high  humidity  will  awaken  the 
fungus  to  activity.  A  singularly  com¬ 
plete  case  of  this  kind  occurred  near 
Dublin,  Georgia,  a  few  years  ago.  The 
grower  had  reared  his  orchard  with  in¬ 
telligent. and  devoted  care.  His  orchard 
was  one  to  be  proud  of,  and  in  this 
year  of  nemesis  the  trees  bore  their  first 
bumper  crop.  Figuring  on  the  masses 
of  large  handsome  fruit  that  bent  the 
branches  of  the  trees  the  owner  ordered 
crates  for  40  carloads.  All  proceeded 
fairly  until  harvest  when,  just  as  the 
pickers  began  their  work,  the  fair  dry 
weather  changed  to  a  slow  warm  drizzle 
that  lasted  several  days.  The  result  was 
a  spontaneous  combustion  of  brown-rot. 
Almost  instantly  with  the  change  of 
weather  the  spots  of  decay  with  their 
beards  of  white  spore-bearing  threads 
started  out  on  the  fruit.  The  pickers 
were  hurried  to  gather  as  much  of  the 
unspoiled  fruit  as  possible.  These  se¬ 
lected  specimens,  a  small  percentage  of 
the  whole  crop,  were  crated  and  shipped. 
In  a  few  days  word  was  received  from 
New  York  that  this  apparently  unblem¬ 
ished  product  had  arrived  hopelessly 
ruined  by  the  rot  that  had  developed  in 
transit.  A  crop  easily  worth  $20,000 
was  a  total  failure,  and  the  owner  was 
in  debt.  Healthy  peaches  become  con¬ 
taminated  by  handling,  and  the  sweating 
that  goes  on  in  poorly  refrigerated  cars 
offers  the  favorable  condition  to  the  de¬ 
velopment  of  the  fungus.  The  arrival 
of  diseased  fruit  so  upsets  the  market 
that  on  a  day  when  50  carloads  of  clean 
fruit  would  be  readily  sold  at  excellent 
prices,  the  discovery  of  15  or  20  carloads 
marked  with  the  rot  is  sufficient  to  create 
a  “glut,”  and  so  to  lower  the  price  that 
the  entire  lot  will  scarcely  bring  ex¬ 
penses. 

In  1902  W.  M.  Scott,  then  State  en¬ 
tomologist  and  plant  pathologist  of  the 
State  of  Georgia,  addressed  Dr.  Merton 
B.  Waite,  chief  pathologist  in  charge  of 
fruit  disease  investigations  in  the  U.  S. 
Department  of  Agriculture,  asking  ad¬ 
vice.  Mr.  Scott,  in  the  course  of  his 
travels  over  the  State,  continually 
crossed  the  trails  of  brown-rot  ruin.  He 
saw  that  even  the  most  intelligent  and 
industrious  grower  was  almost  impotent 
to  prevent  the  progress  of  the  disease, 
and  that  the  annual  loss  affected  a  host 
of  people,  everyone  in  fact  along  the 
line,  from  nurseryman  to  peach  con¬ 
sumer.  Now  the  principal  reason  why 
until  Mr.  Scott’s  discovery  the  disease 
had  enjoyed  immunity  was  that  so  far 
as  was  known  there  existed  no  spray 
that  could  be  applied  safely  to  the  peach 
tree  while  in  full  leaf.  All  diseases  pre¬ 
ventable  by  dormant  spraying,  such  as 
leaf-curl  and  California  peach  blight, 
had  been  easily  overcome,  but  those  re¬ 
quiring  Summer  treatment  had,  as  a 
rule,,  gone  scot-free  for  the  lack  of  a 
suitable  fungicide.  All  that  the  fruit 
grower  could  do  towards  reducing  his 
losses  by  brown-rot  was  to  gather  in 
the  mummies  of  the  past  season  and 
burn  them.  As  it  was  quite  impossible 


68 


Januarj  21, 


to  do  this  cleanly,  and  as  two  or  three  mummies  were 
enough  to  infect  an  orchard,  the  laugh  was  generally 
with  the  mummy. 

Spraying  the  dormant  tree  with  the  commercial 
lime-sulphur  was  all  right  for  controlling  the  San 
Jose  scale,  but  did  not  so  much  as  ruffle  the  beard 
of  the  fungus,  which  at  that  time  was  not  aboard  the 
tree  at  all.  A  later  desperate  spraying  of  the  full¬ 
leaved  tree  with  this  mixture  would  certainly  smite 
the  rot  a  deathblow,  but  unfortunately  it  was  quite 
as  certain  to  result  in  defoliation.  The  powerful  in¬ 
secticide  and  fungicide  compounds  formed  by  boiling 
slaked  lime  and  flowers  of  sulphur  have  a  fatally 
caustic  effect  upon  the  delicate  foliage  of  the  peach. 
The  Bordeaux  Mixture  was,  of  course,  out  of  the 
question,  since  it  has  a  peculiarly  poisonous  action  on 
peach  foliage.  So  for  many  years  Mr.  Scott’s  work 
was  most  unpromising  and  discouraging.  After  try¬ 
ing  about  all  the  combinations  of  sulphur  and  lime  he 
finally  picked  up  the  self-boiled  mixture  which  had 
been  discredited  as  a  treatment  for  scale  for  the  rea¬ 
son  that  the  heat  of  slaking  lime  only  dissolved  about 
seven  per  cent  of  the  sulphur  added,  and  this  was 
insufficient  to  loosen  the  scale,  which  is  crusted  firmly 
on  the  trees.  In  his  experiments  Mr.  Scott  had 
reached  the  conclusion  that  the  excess  of  caustic 
sulphids  in  the  boiled  mixture  caused  the  injuries  to 
the  foliage,  and  he  turned  as  a  last  resort  to  the  ex¬ 
pedient  of  self-boiling  as  bringing  into  solution  a 
minimum  percentage  of  sulphur.  The  results  were 
gratifying.  The  new  spray  not  only  did  not  de¬ 
foliate  the  tree,  but  on  the  contrary  improved  the 
condition  and  appearance  of  the  leaf  and  fruit.  After 
three  seasons  of  field  work  in  commercial  orchards 
Mr.  Scott  has  developed  a  final  formula  and  method 
for  making  this  spray  effective.  Eight  pounds  of 
lime  are  put  into  a  barrel  and  enough  water  is 
poured  in  to  cover  it.  As  soon  as  the  lime  begins 
to  slake  eight  pounds  of  flowers  or  flour  of  sulphur 
are  added.  The  mixture  must  be  stirred  constantly 
and  more  water  poured  in  until  the  lime  is  well  slaked, 
then  the  bulk  of  the  water  is  added  to  cool  the  mix¬ 
ture  and  to  check  further  boiling.  In  all  about  50 
gallons  of  water  are  necessary  to  this  proportion  of 
sulphur  and  lime.  Before  spraying  the  mixture  must 
be  strained  to  remove  the  coarse  particles  of  lime, 
but  the  sulphur  is  worked  through.  The  theory  of  the 
action  of  this  mixture  is  that  the  free  lime  serves  as 
a  matrix  to  hold  all  the  other  elements  together,  that 
there  are  enough  of  the  sticky  sulphids  to  bind  the 
solids  to  the  fruit,  branches  and  leaves,  and  that 
the  free,  finely  divided  sulphur  deals  correctively  with 
the  fungus.  But,  while  the  exact  nature  of  the  fungi¬ 
cidal  action  is  a  mystery,  the  effect  is  unmistakable 
and  decisive. 

In  the  Spring  of  1909  J.  H.  Hale  offered  the  or¬ 
chard  of  the  Hale  Georgia  Orchard  Co.,  at  Fort 
Valley,  Ga.,  as  a  demonstration  and  proving  ground 
for  the  spray.  Experiments  in  1907  had  been  made 
on  small  plots  in  Missouri,  and  the  brown-rot  con¬ 
trolled  to  10  per  cent  of  the  crop.  More  experiments 
were  made  in  1908  in  Georgia,  Arkansas  and  Illinois, 
these  involving  orchards  in  several  localities  aggre¬ 
gating  about  2,000  trees.  The  demonstration  in  Mr. 
Hale’s  orchard  established  the  complete  and  convinc¬ 
ing  proof  of  the  economic  value  of  the  discovery. 
While  this  great  orchard  had  had  the  best  of  care 
and  was  otherwise  in  perfect  condition,  it  had  in 
recent  years  become  so  infested  with  brown-rot  that 
in  1908  the  crop  was  largely  lost.  Two  other  enemies 
of  the  peach,  close  allies  of  the  rot,  had  lent  evil 
hands  to  encompass  the  ruin  of  the  orchard,  namely, 
the.  scab  and  the  plum  curculio.  The  former  is  also 
a  fungus  and  is  popularly  known  as  ‘‘freckles,”  a 
name  descriptive  of  the  black  spots  it  causes  on  the 
fruit.  It  is  not  so  malignant  a  malady  as  the  rot, 
but  serves  as  an  accessory  by  cracking  and  spotting 
the  peach,  thus  giving  the  deadlier  fungus  an  entrance. 
The  scab  on  its  own  account  depreciates  the  value  of 
a  crop  at  least  25  per  cent,  and  in  some  localities 
where  brown-rot  is  not  so  prevalent  it  is  considered 
by  growers  as  their  worst  enemy.  The  curculio  beetle 
damages  the  fruit  by  puncturing  the  skin  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  laying  its  eggs  within.  After  laying  the  eggs 
it  cuts  a  crescent-shaped  wound  about  the  puncture  to 
prevent  the  growth  of  the  peach  from  crushing  the 
eggs  before  they  hatch.  The  larvae  upon  hatching 
proceed  to  bore  inward  to  the  stone,  where  they  feed 
until  the  period  of  pupation,  when  they  emerge  and 
drop  to  the  ground,  as  likewise  does  the  damaged 
peach.  The  worst  crime  of  the  beetle  is  in  making 
the  punctures  that  give  the  rot  an  “open  sesame.” 

Mr.  Scott  and  his  chief  assistant,  Mr.  Willard  Ayres, 
conducted  the  spraying  on  large  blocks  of  different 
varieties,  comprising  over  5,000  trees,  while  Mr. 
Hale’s  force  sprayed  about  7,000  trees  in  their  or¬ 
chard  under  the  supervision  of  the  two  scientific  men. 
Plots  of  trees  were  selected,  the  trees  on  them  counted 
and  sprayed,  while  next  adjoining  a  sprayed  plot  an¬ 
other  was  left  unsprayed.  Two  applications  were 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

made,  one  about  a  month  after  the  petals  dropped  and 
again  three  weeks  before  the  fruit  ripened.  At  pick¬ 
ing  time  the  entire  crop,  including  dropped  fruit,  was 
counted  on  five  average  trees  in  each  plot.  On  the 
sprayed  plot  it  was  found  that  17  per  cent  was  affected 
with  brown-rot,  and  that  in  93  per  cent  of  the  rotting 
fruit  infection  had  been  admitted  by  curculio  punc¬ 
tures.  The  scab  was,  from  the  commercial  standpoint, 
completely  controlled.  On  the  unsprayed  plot  49.5 
per  cent  of  the  fruit  was  found  to  be  affected  with 
rot,  and  91.5  per  cent  with  scab;  81  per  cent  of  rot 
infection  had  come  about  through  curculio  punctures. 
The  figures  themselves  were  very  satisfactory  to  Mr. 
Hale,  but  there  was  another  cause  for  gratification 
in  the  increased  size  and  color  and  generally  better 
merchantable  condition  of  the  sprayed  fruit.  The  com¬ 
mercial  results  of  the  spraying  were  determined  by 
counting  the  marketable  fruit  on  500  trees  out  of 
each  plot.  The  sprayed  plot  yielded  170  crates,  the 
unsprayed  SO.  Thus  was  nearly  a  quietus  given  to 
the  brown-rot.  The  curculio  was  the  main  factor  to 
be  faced  now.  As  Mr.  Scott  writes:  “The  plum 
curculio  punctures  the  skin  of  a  certain  percentage 
of  the  fruit  and  admits  the  fungus  in  spite  of  all  the 
spraying  that  can  be  done.” 

In  cooperation  with  Mr.  A.  L.  Quaintance,  of  the 
Bureau  of  Entomology,  some  experiments  were  made 
of  first  spraying  with  arsenate  of  lead  just  as  the 
calyces  were  shedding,  and  again  in  about  three  weeks 
with  the  self-boiled  lime-sulphur  plus  two  pounds  of 
arsenate  of  lead  added  to  the  formula.  The  success 
was  brilliant.  Only  4.5  per  cent  of  the  fruit  showed 
brown-rot,  6.5  per  cent  had  slight  traces  of  the  scab, 
and  about  27.5  per  cent  were  curculio  punctured.  On 
the  unsprayed  plot  63  per  cent  was  rotted,  99  per  cent 
was  scabby,  and  97  per  cent  wormy  from  curculio.  The 
sprayed  block  yielded  327  crates  of  first  class  fruit 
while  the  unsprayed  block  contributed  only  33  crates, 
all  of  which  was  poor  in  quality.  In  the  New  York 
market  the  sprayed  fruit  brought  $2  per  crate  as 
compared  with  $1.50  per  crate  for  the  best  of  the  un¬ 
sprayed.  Also  all  the  sprayed  fruit  was  sold  before 
anv  of  the  unsprayed,  showing  the  impression  made 
upon  the  buyers  by  the  difference  in  the  appearance 
of  the  two  classes.  The  cost  of  spraying,  including 
four  treatments,  one  with  arsenate  of  lead  alone,  one 
with  the  arsenate  plus  lime-sulphur,  and  two  with 
lime-sulphur  alone  was  about  six  cents  per  tree. 

Massachusetts.  Robert  a.  sanborn. 

CORN  GROWING  IN  ILLINOIS. 

I  raised  90  bushels  of  corn  to  the  acre  this  year, 
and  did  not  try  very  hard,  either.  I  do  not  mean  90 
bushels  of  ears,  but  90  bushels  at  70  pounds  to  the 
bushel.  Western  farmers  do  not  know*  anything 
about  estimating  corn  yields  by  the  bushels  or  bar¬ 
rels  of  ears.  Dealers,  when  they  accept  corn  direct 
from  the  field  at  “shucking  time,”  allow  80,  75  or 
70  pounds  to  the  bushel,  according  to  the  amount  of 
“sap”  which  the  grain  contains.  Occasionally,  with  a 
favorable  season,  and  a  moderately  quick  maturing 
variety,  they  are  offered  corn  which  they  can  figure  at 
70  pounds  to  the  bushel.  This  year,  owing  to  the 
low  price  offered,  nearly  all  the  farmers  held  their 
corn.  The  price  has  remained  at  a  standstill,  and 
owing  to  the  heavy  crop,  the  greater  part  of  which  is 
still  in  the  hands  of  the  growers,  they  begin  to  fear 
they  will  be  obliged  to  accept  a  low  price.  The  crop 
is  usually  shelled  right  on  the  farm,  and  the  grain 
dealers  allow  56  pounds  to  the  bushel  when  delivered 
off  the  cob. 

A  man  does  not  find  any  difficulty  here  in  raising 
from  60  to  120  bushels  of  corn  to  the  acre  if  he  uses 
careful,  up-to-date  methods,  and  the  season  is  favor¬ 
able.  But  when  it  comes  to  making  more,  clear  profit 
per  acre  than  his  brother  farmer  back  East — that  is 
a  different  proposition.  If  I  wanted  to  make  a  spe¬ 
cialty  of  growing  apples,  I  would  go  to  New  York 
State,  Washington,  Oregon,  or  any  place  where  the 
conditions  were  most  favorable.  If  I  wanted  to  do 
a  little  of  many  things— dairying,  poultry,  fruit  grow¬ 
ing,  and  mixed  farming,  surely  the  East  is  a  good 
place,  with  its  cheap  land  and  excellent,  near-by 
markets.  But  if  I  wanted  to  raise  corn  on  a  large 
scale,  I  don't  think  I  should  look  farther  than  cen¬ 
tral  Illinois,  with  its  naturally  rich  soil,  its  season 
of  hot  days  and  warm  nights,  during  June  and  July, 
and  its  usually  cool,  dry,  crisp  weather  in  October, 
at  ripening  time.  We  have  no  rocks  to  contend  with. 
You  can  look  all  over  a  thousand  acres  of  our 
broad,  gently  rolling  or  level  praire  land,  and  not 
find  a  stone  to  throw  at  a  bird.  Most  fields  contain 
40  or  80  acres,  and  in  plowing,  cultivating,  and  gather¬ 
ing  the  crop,  the  team  travels  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
before  it  turns.  A  few  years  ago  one  man  and  two 
horses  were  expected  to  care  for  40  acres  of  corn ; 
now  one  man  and  four  horses  (sometimes  three),  with 
gang  or  sulky  plow  and  two-row  cultivator,  puts  in 
and  “tends”  80  acres.  Illinois  this  year  raised  its  av¬ 
erage  to  39  bushels  per  acre.  Remember,  there  is 


much  poor  land  in  our  State,  and  the  localities  where 
it  exists  keep  down  the  average.  Central  Illinois 
farmers  are  learning  better  methods,  and  the  young 
generation  of  farmers  has  already  commenced  to  re¬ 
pair  the  damage  done  by  their  fathers,  and  are  putting 
back  some  of  the  lost  humus  and  fertility  that  will  in 
a  few  years  push  the  average  yield  of  corn,  as  well 
as  of  other  crops  higher  and  higher.  Our  State  ex¬ 
periment  station,  our  farmers’  institutes,  and  the  agri¬ 
cultural  press,  are  all  pressing  fundamental  truths 
home,  and  they  are  finding  lodgment  in  minds  ripe 
and  ready  for  them.  Adjoining  my  place  is  a  farm 
of  over  200  acres,  operated  by  the  enterprising  son 
of  the  owner.  Last  week  I  saw  his  manure  spreader 
going  back  and  forth  across  a  large  field,  leaving 
behind  it  a  grey  swath  of  rock  phosphate,  to  be  turned 
under  with  the  clover.  Several  carloads  of  “floats” 
have  been  used  in  the  past  few  years  in  this  neigh¬ 
borhood.  Our  land  is  not  worn  out — this  phosphate 
has  gone  on  some  of  the  best  farms  to  be  found  here. 
Their  owners  are  simply  enterprising,  and  are  tak¬ 
ing  means  not  only  to  keep  them  among  the  best,  but 
gradually  to  make  them  better.  Forty  bushels  of 
wheat  to  the  acre  is  now  becoming  common,  and 
large  yields  of  all  grain  crops  is  the  ambition  of  our 
most  intelligent  farmers.  They  will  not  be  satisfied 
with  ordinary  yields  any  longer,  while  gradually  de¬ 
creasing  averages  will  not  be  tolerated  at  all. 

Macon  Co.,  Ill.  J.  c.  nicholls. 

R.  N.-Y. — Many  reports  of  large  yields  of  corn 
prove  to  be  based  on  a  pretty  loose  way  of  estimating. 
The  truest  method  is  the  plan  followed  at  the  New 
England  Corn  Show  of  figuring  the  yield  of  “crib-dry” 
shelled  corn.  “Crib-dry”  means  only  12  per  cent  of 
water,  found  by  taking  good-sized  samples  of  the 
corn  and  analyzing  it.  The  chemist  does  exactly  what 
the  western  buyers  guess  at  when  they  estimate  the 
sap. 


WHERE  GOVERNMENT  TRIES  TO  REGU¬ 
LATE  FRUIT  PRODUCTION. 

The  Greek  currant  is  really  a  small  grape.  It  has 
been  grown  in  Greece  since  earliest  times,  and  since 
the  failure  of  the  French  vineyards  in  1880  it  is  an 
important  commercial  product.  The  history  of  this 
business  gives  one  of  the  most  striking  illustrations 
of  an  attempt  by  government  to  regulate  a  private 
industry.  Under  the  stimulus  of  high  prices  the 
Greeks  planted  heavily  and  glutted  the  market. 
Strange  to  say  little  effort  was  made  to  increase  the 
demand  for  the  fruit.  The  government  came  in  with 
an  effort  to  cut  off  production.  It  forced  each  ex¬ 
porter  to  deposit  in  the  government  stores  10  to  15 
per  cent  of  exports.  These  were  sold  by  the  gov¬ 
ernment  for  wine  making.  When  the  money  from  these 
sales  reached  a  considerable  figure  the  growers  de¬ 
manded  their  share.  A  currant  bank  was  established 
in  1889,  with  a  capital  of  $750,000,  required  by  law  to 
make  loans  in  money  or  its  equivalent  in  sulphur. 
Growers  accepted  this  plan  and  increased  production 
to  180,000  tons.  The  15  per  cent  retention  was  raised 
to  20  per  cent,  but  even  this  proved  insufficient  to 
control  and  keep  up  prices.  Then  the  Greek  gov¬ 
ernment  arranged  with  the  currant  bank  to  guarantee 
growers  a  fixed  minimum  price  for  currants.  A  loan 
was  made  to  finance  this  scheme.  This  guaranteed 
price  proved  higher  than  the  market  price.  The 
growers  got  the  money  and  the  bank  had  the  fruit — 
and  a  loss  of  $400,000.  Then  they  raised  the  reten¬ 
tion  amount  to  35  per  cent. 

In  1905  “The  Privileged  Company”  was  organized 
with  a  20-year  charter.  This  company  may  retain  35 
per  cent  of  the  crop,  a  heavy  tax  on  new  areas  put  in 
currants  and  control  of  tariff  and  taxes  on  grapes. 
It  is  to  guarantee  fixed  prices  for  currants.  For  con¬ 
cessions  it  has  the  right  to  collect  $2.60  a  ton  on  all 
currants  raised,  and  it  may  have  about  60  per  cent 
of  all  the  currants  retained  for  its  own  use.  There 
have  been  two  great  crops  in  succession  which  have 
nearly  swamped  this  company.  In  1910  a  law  was 
passed  which  aims  to  induce  growers  to  pull  out  part 
of  their  vineyards!  They  are  paid  a  fixed  price  for 
each  quarter  acre  uprooted. 

All  this  will  seem  like  a  curious  way  to  do  busi¬ 
ness  in  this  country,  where  the  tendency  is  to  in¬ 
crease  production  and  keep  on  planting.  Imagine 
Oregon  or  Washington  passing  laws  to  induce  apple 
growers  to  cut  down  their  orchards  so  as  to  shut  off 
the  output.  The  tendency  here  is  to  get  out  and  find 
new  markets  for  the  goods.  All  these  efforts  to  es¬ 
tablish  prices  by  law  by  trying  to  control  produc¬ 
tion  are  likely  to  break  down.  No  doubt  the  world 
would  consume  twice  the  volume  of  Greek  currants 
if  the  Greeks  would  start  a  campaign  like  that  of  the 
Apple  Consumers’  League. 

According  to  Dr.  Towell  of  the  National  Bureau  of 
Plant  Industry  brown  rot  on  peaches  causes  growers  to 
lose  .$5,000,000  annually,  while  peach  scab  causes  an  an¬ 
nual  loss  of  $1,000,000.  Let  us  spray. 


1911. 


THE  RU  RAt  NEW-YORKER 


59 


A  GASOLINE  HIRED  MAN. 

I  have  seen  several  letters  in  regard  to  the  use  of 
gasoline  engines  on  farms.  Fig.  23  shows  a  rig  I 
have  made  to  stack  hay.  I  have  a  35- foot  pole  with 
two  strong  back  guys,  and  a  wire  in  front  to  keep  it 
steady,  and  lean  this  over  toward  the  stack.  The 
horse  fork  is  rigged  to  a  pulley  on  top  of  the  pole, 
and  the  rope  runs  down  the  pole  to  a  block  at  the 
bottom,  and  thence  to  a  drum  on  the  truck  on  which 


vr  ■ 

V 

\ 


THE  GASOLINE  HIRED  MAN.  Fig.  23. 


the  engine  is  carried.  This  drum  has  a  large  pulley 
on  the  shaft,  and  a  sliding  box  controlled  by  a  lever 
which  allows  the  pulley  to  be  pressed  against  a  stop 
and  held  in  any  position,  or  pressed  by  reversing 
the  lever  against  a  smaller  pulley  or  a  shaft,  having 
a  pulley  belted  to  the  engine,  which  may  be  running 
all  the  time  to  transmit  the  power  to  the  drum  to 
wind  up  the  rope  and  hoist  the  hay.  By  this  means 
a  stack  25  feet  high  or  more  can  be  built,  and  much 
more  quickly  than  by  a  horse.  The  drum  when  re 
leased  in  a  vertical  position,  runs  itself,  letting  the 
fork  down  quickly,  or  when  up  at  the  top  can  be 
held  there  by  a  simple  motion  of  the  lever  forward,  or 
can  be  hoisted  by  a  pull  of  the  lever  backward.  I 
have  a  six  horse-power  engine.  It  can  be  placed  any¬ 
where  easily  while  on  the  truck.  With  it  we  cut  wood, 
cut  feed,  hoist  hay  in  and  out  of  the  barn  or  stack, 
and  grind  feed,  press  straw,  etc.  I  find  it  a  great 
saving  of  time  and  horse.  The  rig  is  homemade  and 
gives  perfect  satisfaction.  h.  q.  howe. 

Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y. 


THE  COUNTRY  STOREKEEPER’S  SIDE  OF 
PARCELS  POST. 

We  hear  much  about  the  parcels  post  nowadays, 
and  from  the  daily  papers  we  learn  that  the  "interests" 
are  taking  notice  and  are  organizing  to  "protect”  the 
country  store;  at  least  that's  what  they  claim.  Now 
I  don’t  believe  the  movement  is  sincere  or  that  the 
store  is  in  any  danger.  Other  reasons  may  cause  the 
country  merchant  to  modify  or  change  some  detail 
of  his  business,  for  readjustment  is  going  on  all  the 
time  in  society,  industry  and  trade,  and  we  all  abide 
by  changes  whether  we  like  it  or  whether  we  get  hurt 
or  not.  I  remember  when  the  trolley  car  came  to 
this  town  the  public  stable,  with  its  depot  carriage 
service,  was  put  out  of  business.  It  was  a  real  hard¬ 
ship  to  the  proprietor,  obliged  in  middle  life  to  seek 
other  means  of  earning  a  living,  and  no  one  moved 
to  abandon  the  trolley  project  to  protect  the  stable¬ 
man.  Twenty-five  years  ago  a  florist  was  doing  a 
small  business  with  one  greenhouse  on  a  side  street. 
In  those  days  people  would  walk  a  mile  or  drive  five 
miles  to  trade  with  him,  but  they  won’t  now.  To 
be  sure  he  was  not  enterprising  enough  to  move  into 
town  and  do  more  business  than  ever,  so  when  the 
trolley  came  he  went  under,  and  no  sympathy  was 
wasted. 

I  have  heard  the  argument,  and  seen  it  in  print  too, 
that  the  citizen  is  under  moral  obligation  to  trade 
with  the  local  merchant,  no  matter  if  he  could  save 
money  elsewhere.  There  is  some  force  in  that  logic. 
Let’s  talk  it  over.  Take  myself,  for  instance.  From 
youth  to  middle  age  I  was  a  mechanic  in  a  small  local 
factory.  Twenty-five  years  ago  competition  caused 
the  small  concern  to  go  out  of  business,  and  I  was 
out  of  a.  job.  So  were  20  others.  Some  owned  places, 
all  were  good  citizens,  paid  their  taxes  and  per¬ 
formed  their  civic  duties  equally  with  the  storekeeper 
and  all  the  rest.  Something  like  this  must  have  hap¬ 
pened  in  a  thousand  places,  and  yet  there  was  no 
nation-wide  movement  to  protect  those  who  suffered 
by  it.  Every  important  invention  has  caused  hard¬ 
ship  to  many  people  and  yet  the  world  has  accepted 
4he  improvement  joyously  and  will  accept  the  parcels 
post  even  if  it  should  become  certain  that  some  peo¬ 
ple  will  get  hurt.  I  was  unwilling  to  move  to  the 
large  manufacturing  town  to  work  at  my  trade.  So 
I  still  live  on  the  place  where  I  was  born  a  good 


while  ago,  a  one-man,  one-horse,  one-cow  farm.  I 
draw  interest  on  my  savings  as  a  mechanic  to  pay 
taxes.  I  draw  on  the  principal  in  time  of  sickness 
or  hard  luck.  I  sell  cordwood  enough  to  buy  coal 
for  the  furnace,  but  for  the  most  part  try  to  live  off 
the  place.  Now  for  the  point  I  want  to  make  con¬ 
cerning  (not  against)  the  local  store.  I  had  10  bushels 
of  potatoes  to  spare.  Having  a  monumental  distaste 
for  peddling  my  only  market  was  the  store,  so  I 
asked  the  price.  "Twenty-five  cents  a  peck — 90  cents 
a  bushel.’  "1  don  t  want  to  buy,  I  have  some  to 
sell.  “Give  you  65  cents — that’s  what  they  cost  us 
from  Boston.”  If  I  were  talking  about  the  “con¬ 
sumer’s  dollar”  I  needn’t  go  far  for  a  text,  but  I 
haven’t  any  fault  to  find  with  the  merchant’s  attitude 
concerning  potatoes.  Why  should  he  pay  me  any 
more  than  he  can  buy  for  elsewhere,  and  why  should 
I  pay  him  more  for  groceries  than  I  can  get  them  for 
from  Boston?  His  obligation  to  me  equals  my  obli¬ 
gation  to  him,  and  that  is  nothing  at  all.  No  friend¬ 
ship  in  trade  is  an  old  proverb ;  no  sentiment  either. 

Right  here  some  one  will  ask  if  I  do  not  find  it  con¬ 
venient  to  buy  many  things  locally,  and  what  would 
I  do  if  the  store  should  close.  Why,  some  com¬ 
petitor  would  knock  at  my  door  within  24  hours 
soliciting  my  small  patronage !  I  recall  that  some  one 
writing  to  The  R.  N.-Y.  on  the  parcels  post  quite  a 
while  ago  predicted  the  decline  of  farm  values  if  it 
should  prevail.  He  even  quotes  an  actual  occurrence 
where  a  prospective  customer  declined  to  buy  because 
there  was  no  store  nearby.  I  can  easily  believe  that, 
but  what  of  it?  If  a  store  went  out  and  values 
dropped,  what  of  it?  Does  some  one  lose?  So  did 
the  stableman  when  the  trolley  came  in.  Undeserved 


THE  DOUGLAS  PEAR.  Fig.  24. 


misfortune  is  the  common  lot  of  mortals.  The  steam¬ 
roller  doesn't  turn  out  for  the  ant  crossing  the  road, 
though  the  ant  was  there  first  and  had  vested  rights. 
If  the  parcels  post  is  in  the  interest  of  the  great 
majority,  it  must  not  turn  out  for  the  few.  Besides, 
it  is  not  certain  yet  that  anyone  would  get  hurt. 

As  for  the  dweller  in  back  places  finding  it  dif¬ 
ficult  to  get  supplies,  that  is  part  of  the  price  that  he 
pays  for  his  isolation.  There  are  advantages  offset 
by  disadvantages  everywhere,  even  in  cities.  Some 
choose  one  set  of  advantages  and  some  another.  It 
depends  on  personal  taste  and  some  other  things.  My 
friends  about  town  think  it  must  be  awful  -to  live  two 
miles  from  the  depot  and  a  mile  from  a  yeast-cake. 
I  listen  to  their  tales  of  woe,  note  the  hoodlumism  on 
the  lighted  street,  and  thank  my  stars  that  I  live 
out  on  the  edge  of  the  woods,  even  beyond  the  electric 
service  and  public  water  system,  but  I  want  the  parcels 
post.  “And  there  ye  are,”  says  Martin  Dooley  to  Mr. 
Hennessey.  u.  s. 

Massachusetts. 

R.  N.-Y. — Do  not  forget  how  farmers  throughout 
the  entire  East  lost  half  the  value  of  their  farms 
through  the  Government’s  booming  of  western  land. 

Do  not  depend  upon  a  growth  of  sorrel  as  a  sure  test 
for  sour  soil.  The  test  with  litmus  paper  beats  it. 

Ax  English  lawsuit  which  was  begun  562  years  ago  was 
recently  resumed  in  the  Court  of  Chancery  according  to 
the  London  Express.  It  relates  to  the  right  to  hold  a 
market  in  the  town  of  Stowmarket,  Essex,  the  Abbot  of 
St.  Osyth  claiming  that  Richard  de  Maundeville  had 
obtained  a  grant  to  hold  a  market  there  in 
lo48.  The  case  was  adjourned  because  the  defendant  had 
to  go  the  wars  in  France,  and  is  now  resumed  to  settle 
some  technical  legal  point. 


THE  DOUGLAS  PEAR. 

I  send  you  a  sample  of  the  Douglas  pear.  I  had 
some  not  quite  as  large  October  14  to  be  sampled  by 
grocers  and  fruit  men;  they  were  loud  in  praise  of 
its  quality,  saying  it  was  better  than  the  best  Bartlett, 
and  some  that  it  was  as  good  as  the  Seckel.  From 
two  trees  with  two-year-old  tops  I  picked  one-half 
bushel.  It  is  inclined  to  overbear  and  make  the  fruit 
smaller.  It  is  a  seedling  of  Kieffer  crossed  with 
Duchesse  d’Angouleme.  Its  late  ripening  makes  it 
come  in  at  a  good  time,  after  peaches  are  gone.  If 
the  tree  keeps  up  the  same  habits  as  here  the  past  10 
years,  since  it  began  fruiting,  it  will  change  fruit  grow¬ 
ing,  as  no  fruit  at  this  time  is  in  market  that  is 
really  good.  a.  h.  griesa. 

Douglas  Co.,  Kan. 

R-  N.-Y. — Fig.  24  shows  an  excellent  picture  of  this 
pear,  natural  size.  The  quality  was  exceedingly  good, 
flesh  tender,  juicy  and  melting,  flavor  rich  and  sweet. 
It  is  a  handsome  pear,  and  its  general  excellence  seems 
to  promise  a  great  future  both  for  home  and  market 
use. 


LIME  VS.  BARNYARD  MANURE. 

It  is  advisable  to  use  lime  iu  connection  with  barn¬ 
yard  manure?  Has  the  lime  the  power  to  evaporate  some 
of  the  useful  elements  in  the  manure,  such  as  nitrogen, 
phosphoric  acid  and  potash?  Would  it  be  advisable 
either  to  use  lime  the  preceding  or  the  following  year 
after  manuring?  IIow  much  fresh  burnt  stone  lime  can 
safely  be  used  per  acre?  The  soil  under  consideration 
is  a  sandy  loam,  well  drained  and  in  need  of  lime.  The 
manure  turned  under  in  the  Fall,  and  the  field  left  in 
the  rough.  The  lime  to  be  spread  iu  the  Spring  and 
well  worked  in  the  soil  before  planting.  s.  n.  s. 

Pennsylvania. 

Burned  lime  and  manure  should  not  be  mixed  above 
ground.  Ground  limestone  will  not  injure  the  manure, 
but  burned  lime  will  act  chemically  to  set  free  am¬ 
monia  in  the  form  of  gas.  For  this  reason  burned 
lime  should  not  be  mixed  with  organic  manures  above 
ground.  When  lime  and  manure  are  mixed  in  the  soil 
the  ammonia  is  set  free,  but  will  be  largely  held  by 
the  soil  so  that  plants  can  use  it.  The  lime  will  have 
no  injurious  effect  upon  potash.  It  acts  on  the  soil  to 
some  extent  to  make  potash  available.  With  phosphoric 
acid  the  lime  unites  with  soluble  phosphate  to  make  it 
Uss  available  but  does  no  great  damage  to  it  usually. 
It  would  depend  upon  the  soil  and  the  crop  whether 
to  use  lime  a  year  before  or  a  year  after  manure.  The 
manure  usually  acts  to  sweeten  the  soil,  though  not 
as  much  as  the  lime.  From  choice  we  should  use 
lime  if  possible  when  seeding  down  to  wheat  or  grass, 
rather  than  with  corn.  Certainly  not  with  potatoes. 
It  is  quite  a  common  rotation  to  use  the  manure  on 
corn  and  follow  with  potatoes,  and  then  wheat  or  oats 
and  grass.  In  such  case  we  should  want  to  use  the 
lime  after  potatoes.  All  the  way  from  half  a  ton  to 
three  tons  of  burned  lime  per  acre  have  been  used,  de- 


MUMMIED  PEACHES  HARBORING  BROWN  ROT.  Fig.  25 

pending  on  the  condition  of  the  soil  and  the  crop. 
Alfalfa  or  clover,  etc.,  need  most,  as  do  the  cold  and 
sour  clays.  For  such  soil  as  you  mention  one  ton 
should  give  good  results.  The  plan  of  plowing  manure 
in  Fall  and  using  lime  in  Spring  will  work,  though  on 
our  own  farm  we  do  not  like  Fall  plowing.  We  would 
rather  have  some  live  crop  growing. 


eo 


January  21, 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the  name 
and  address  of  the  -writer  to  insure  attention.  Be¬ 
fore  asking  a  qaestion,  please  see  whether  it  is  not 
answered  in  our  advertising  columns.  Ask  only 
a  few  questions  at  one  time.  Put  questions  on  a 
separate  piece  of  paper.] 


“THE  CULL  IN  THE  PACKAGE.” 

It  is  the  rotten  apple  in  the  box,  the 
painted  knothole  in  the  board,  the  musty 
streak  in  the  butter  or  bacon  which  will 
decide  the  price  of  the  second  package  of 
food  you  try  to  sell  a  private  customer. 
Most  people  will  forget  to  praise  the  good 
specimens  if  they  think  you  are  trying  to 
deceive  them  with  a  cull.  Most  of  us  have 
heard  of  the  fine  packing  of  the  Pacific 
Coast  fruit.  Are  there  no  culls  in  these 
packages?  Interested  in  this  matter  we 
wrote  the  firm  of  Steinhardt  &  Kelley,  who 
for  some  years  have  handled  apples  from 
the  farmers  of  the  Hood  River  region. 
Their  answer  follows,  and  it  is  worth  the 
attention  of  any  fruit  grower. 

First  you  would  like  to  know  if  the 
packing  of  the  Hood  River  apples  is 
so  perfect  that  we  accept  them  without 
close  investigation.  Not  only  do  we  ac¬ 
cept  them  without  close  investigation, 
but  we  accept  them  without  any  investi¬ 
gation  whatever,  leaving  the  entire  mat¬ 
ter  up  to  the  Hood  River  Apple  Grow¬ 
ers’  Union,  a  body  of  men  with  about 
nine  directors  under  whose  personal  su¬ 
pervision  all  the  fruit  is  packed  and 
shipped  to  market.  Our  dealings  with 
these  men  for  the  last  three  years,  dur¬ 
ing  which  time  we  have  purchased  their 
crop,  have  always  been  of  such  a  straight 
and  upright  character  that  we  have 
never  had  occasion  or  cause  to  doubt 
their  packing,  and  we  have  never  been 
disappointed  in  our  business  dealings 
with  them. 

Our  contract  with  the  Hood  River 
Apple  Growers’  Union,  as  represented 
by  their  board  of  directors,  is  certainly 
a  very  stringent  one,  they  guaranteeing 
us  a  perfect  pack  and  also  guaranteeing 
that  every  apple  in  every  box  is  abso¬ 
lutely  perfect.  We  have  handled  sev¬ 
eral  hundred  thousand  boxes,  and  never 
have  we  found  ourselves  in  condition  to 
make  a  single  complaint  against  their 
pack.  It  is  as  near  perfect  as  human 
ingenuity  and  honesty  of  endeavor  can 
make  it;  in  fact  we  shall  be  glad  to 
have  you  drop  in  our  place  of  business  at 
any  time  and  take  a  box  of  fruit  from 
any  heap,  and  you  will  find  that  every 
box  is  practically  identical,  and  that 
every  apple  is  absolutely  perfect,  whether 
you  open  the  top,  bottom  or  side  of  any 
package.  This  is  more  than  we  have 
been  able  to  say  for  any  large  pack  of 
fruit  that  we  have  ever  contracted  for. 

Referring  to  your  second  question. 
The  very  best  fruit  from  the  Hood 
River  country  is  purchased  by  us  on 
f.  o.  b.  basis,  Hood  River,  and  although 
of  course  the  prices  are  not  exactly 
public  property,  still  we  may  tell  you 
that  they  average  somewhere  around 
$2.25  a  box  there.  Of  course  you  under¬ 
stand  that  a  box  of  fruit  will  cost  us  a 
great  deal  more,  as  the  freight  from 
Hood  River  to  New  York  is  on  an  aver¬ 
age  of  60  cents  a  box.  Regarding  your 
question  whether  it  were  possible  for 
a  number  of  individuals  who  are  not  con¬ 
nected  with  this  association  to  do  busi¬ 
ness  on  the  same  plan  as  that  of  the 
Association,  suffice  it  to  say  that  if  you 
can  get  a  number  of  honest  men  who 
are  also  good  business  men  together, 
they  could  do  just  as  well  as  the  Hood 
River  Apple  Growers’  Union. 

Regarding  your  endeavor  to  encourage 
Eastern  fruit  growers  to  put  up  a  pack¬ 
age  as  good  as  that  of  the  West,  suffice 
it  to  say  that  this  could  be  done  just 
as  well  in  the  East  as  in  the  West  if 
you  can  get  enough,  as  we  stated  be¬ 
fore,  honest  men  who  will  pack  hon¬ 
estly.  The  whole  thing  in  a  nutshell  is 
simply  and  purely  a  business  proposi¬ 
tion.  You  no  doubt  know  that  the 
Eastern  barrel  pack,  to  say  the  least, 
leaves  a  great  deal  to  be  desired.  Y  ou 
know  that  there  are  usually  three  or 
four  good  tiers  on  top  and  the  rest  is 


<THE  RURAL  N  PC  W -YORKER 


a  lot  of  inferior  goods.  This  is  the 
reason  why  the  public  is  now  turning 
toward  the  box  apple  to  take  the  place 
of  the  barrel  and  it  is  the  writer's  per¬ 
sonal  opinion  that  it  will  only  be  a  few 
years  when  the  barrel  apple  will  be 
practically  out  of  use  for  the  better 
class  of  trade,  owing  to  no  other  reason 
than  dishonest  methods  employed  in 
packing. 

The  entire  matter  is  simply  one  of 
honesty  and  quality.  Fruit  can  be  had 
just  as  good  in  the  East  as  in  the  West, 
and  we  see  no  reason  why  the  Eastern 
grower  can’t  get  just  as  much  for  his 
goods  as  the  Western  grower,  if  he  will 
only  make  up  his  mind  to  one  absolute 
fact,  and  that  is  that  he  has  got  to  be 
honest,  and  that  if  he  thinks  he  can  fool 
the  people  all  the  time  by  putting  up  a 
fake  barrel  of  apples  he  is  making  a  big 
mistake.  steinhardt  &  kelley. 

LIME -SULPHUR  AND  OYSTER -SHELL 
SCALE. 

G.  M.  II.,  Charlotte,  Vt. — Will  spraying 
with  lime-sulphur  before  buds  open  kill 
Oyster-shell  scale? 

Ans. — Yes,  spraying  with  lime-sul¬ 
phur  as  a  dormant  spray  will  kill 
Oyster-shell  scale,  and  yet  I  feel  that 
this  answer  should  be  qualified.  The 
Oyster-shell  louse  has  a  different  life 
history  from  the  San  Jose  scale,  which 
never  lays  eggs,  but  gives  forth  young. 
So  in  this  case  there  is  always  a  young 
insect  under  the  scale  which  it  secretes 
itself  after  settling  on  a  limb.  On  the 
other  hand,  during  the  dormant  season 
there  are  always  eggs  under  scales  of 
the  Oyster-shell  louse  laid  by  the  adult 
and  covered  by  her,  and  they  remain 
eggs  until  the  hatching  season  during  late 
Spring,  when  they  crawl  forth,  mature, 
lay  eggs  and  cover  them.  No  contact 
insecticide  is  as  effective  against  the 
egg  as  against  the  insect.  For  this 
reason  one  application  of  lime-sulphur  is 
not  always  sufficient  to  eradicate  Oyster- 
shell  bark  louse,  be  it  ever  so  thorough. 
But  where  regular  sprayings  with  lime- 
sulphur  are  made  the  Oyster-shell  louse 
disappears  entirely  in  two  or  three  years. 
And  the  lime-sulphur  is  easier  to  use,  and 
much  more  practical  than  any  of  the 
soap  or  emulsion  sprays  used  or  recom¬ 
mended  for  a  Summer  spray,  which  are 
unreliable  and  dangerous  at  best,  be¬ 
cause  of  the  poor  quality  of  many  soaps, 
and  of  the  generally  poor  emulsion  made 
by  those  who  have  not  had  some  ex¬ 
perience  in  preparation.  w.  H. 

Peach  Trees  for  Fillers, 

C.  II.  B.,  Moliegan  Lake,  A.  Y. — Is  the 
practice  of  using  peach  trees  for  fillers 
among  apple  trees  a  good  one? 

Ans. — The  matter  of  using  peach 
trees  as  fillers  in  apple  orchards,  that  the 
spaces  between  the  apple  trees  may  be 
utilized  until  they  come  to  profitable  age, 
is  very  fine  in  theory  but  not  in  prac¬ 
tice.  1  know  that  some  fruit  growers  do 
not  agree  with  this  view,  and  not  only 
advise  others  to  do  it,  but  do  it  them¬ 
selves,  and  I  do  not  say  that  there  are 
not  cases  in  which  it  has  succeeded.  But 
I  started  out  in  my  own  orcharding 
with  this  idea,  and  planted  one  orchard 
that  way,  but  my  experience  was  so 
disastrous  that  1  dug  up  the  peach  trees 
and  decided  never  to  commit  that  folly 
again.  *  I  have  been  looking  at  other  or¬ 
chards  planted  with  peach  fillers  ever 
since,  up  to  this  year,  from  the  Atlantic 
to  the  Pacific,  and  I  cannot  recall  an 
instance  in  which  the  plan  worked  well. 
The  apple  trees  finally  become  stunted 
in  some  degree  and  sometimes  very 
badly,  because  the  peach  trees  are  far 
more  rampant  growers  than  the  apple 
trees.  Within  the  last  few  months  I 
have  visited  hundreds  of  orchards  _  in 
the  famous  fruit  regions  of  the  Pacific 
Coast,  from  British  Columbia  to  Ari¬ 
zona,  and  one  of  the  worst  features  no¬ 
ticed  was  the  injury  to  apple  orchards 
interplanted  with  peach  fillers.  Many  of 
the  growers  had  pulled  out  the  peach 
trees,  others  had  their  minds  made  up 
to  do  it,  and  a  few  with  whom  I  talked 
were  undecided.  The  proportion  of 
newly  set  orchards  with  peach  fillers  is 
much  less  than  of  the  older  ones.  Early 
bearing  apple  trees  are  as  profitable  for 
fillers  as  peach  trees,  although  they  do 
not  come  into  bearing  as  soon.  Let  an 
apple  orchard  be  an  apple  orchard  en¬ 
tirely  and  plant  peach  trees  by  them¬ 
selves.  The  two  do  not  need  the  same 
culture  or  spraying,  and  often  this  causes 
trouble.  h.  e.  van  deman. 


Over  half  a  century  of  fair  dealing  has  civcnour  products  that 
prominence  which  merit  deserves.  Everything  of  the  best  for 

Orchard,  Vineyard,  Lawn,  Park, 
Street,  Garden  and  Greenhouse 

Seeds,  Bulbs,  Plants,  Roses,  Shrubs,  Small  Trees,  Etc. 

by  mall  postpaid— safe  arrival  and  satisfaction  guaranteed.  Forthese 
send  for  Catalog  No. 2,  168  pages.  Hundreds  of  carloads  of  Fruit 
and  Ornamental  Trees,  Evergreens,  Shrubs,  Hardy  Roses,  etc. 
Catalog  No.  1  for  these.  112  pages.  Both  FREE.  Immense  stock  of 
SUPERB  CANNAS,  the  queen  of  bedding  plants.  Acres  of  Paeonias 
and  other  Hardy  Perennials.  Direct  deal  will  insure  you  the 
best  and  save  you  money.  57  years.  44  greenhouses.  1.200  acres. 

THE  STORRS  &  HARRISON  CO.,  Box  157*  Painesvllle,  O. 


VISIT  OUR 
EXHIBIT  OF 


EASTERN  GROWN  APPLES 


UNTIL  FEB. 
1st,  1911 


We  have  on  exhibit  during  January  at  the  Reading  Terminal  Market,  Philadelphia,  car  loads 
of  Eastern  grown  apples — Winesap,  Ben  Davis,  York  Imperial,  Stayman’s  Winesap,  Albemarle 
Pippin  and  others  to  show  what  can  be  grown  in  the  East.  George  H.  McKay,  mgr.  of  exhibit 
We  •  ...  . - - - - 


also  have  a  car  load  of  fruit  and  ornamental  trees  showing 
WE  HAVE  AT  OUR  NURSERIES 


we  can  grow  trees. 


100,000  GRAPE  VINES— Concord  and  Moore's  Early 
200,000  PEACH  TREES-100  varieties 
200,000  APPLE  TREES— 100  varieties.  1  and  2  years 
50,080  PEAR  TREES— 1,  2  and  3  years 
50,000  CHERRY  TREES— 1  and  2  years 

and  a  large  acreage  of  other  shade  and  ornamental  trees  all  of 
which  are  in  fine  condition  and  ready  for  immediate  shipment 
Can  we  talk  business?  If  you  intend  planting  stock  in  the 
spring,  won’t  you  kindly  fill  out  the  attached  coupon  and 
mail  same  to  us  today!  Y ou  do  not  place  yourself  under  any 
obligations  whatever  by  doing  this,  but  I  should  be  glad  to 
have  the  opportunity  of  giving  yon  our  prices. 

New  catalogue  on  how  to  grow  fruit  in  the  East  FREE 
HARRISON’S  NURSERIES,  Berlin,  Md. 


20,000  PLUM  TREES— 1  and  2  years 
500,000  CALIFORNIA  PRIVET— sB  trades 
10,000,000  STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 
100,000  NORWAY  MAPLES 
100,000  NORWAY  SPRUCE 


.10  VALUABLE  FARMS  FOB  SALE. 


HARRISON’S 

Name _ 

Town _ 

State 


NURSERIES.  Berlin,  Md. 


County 


terested  in  the  following  for  spring  planting:  | 


_  1  am  in- 


FRUIT  TREES 


Eldorado  Blackberries,  Strawberry  and 
Raspberry  Plants.  Catalog  free. 

BARNES  BROS.  NURSERY  CO. 

Box  8,  Yalesville,  Conn. 


Wood’s  Seeds 

For  The 

farm  and  Garden 

have  an  established  reputation 
extending  over  thirty  years,  be¬ 
ing  planted  and  used  extensively 
by  the  best  Farmers  and  Garden¬ 
ers  throughout  the  Middle  and 
Southern  States. 

Wood’s  New  for  1911  will 

Seed  Catalog  ^rmy°e  £ 

to  what  crops  and  seeds  to  plant 
for  success  and  profit.  Our  pub¬ 
lications  have  long  been  noted 
for  the  full  and  complete  infor¬ 
mation  which  they  give. 

Catalog  mailed  free  on 
request.  Write  for  it. 

T.  W.  WOOD  O  SONS, 

Seedsmen,  -  Richmond,  Va. 


J  Cabbage  Seed — We  sup-j 
r  ply  largest  growers  in  U.S.Y 
Cauliflower  —  Danish^ 
grown,  large,  fertile  seed.  ' 

Onion  Sead-No  cleaner,  truer  seed. 

Cucumber  Seed — White  as  chalk.  _ 

Also  pedigreed  Peas,  Beana  and  Swoel  Corn.  About 
H  usual  prices.  We  sell  direct— no  middlemen.  Write. 
FORREST  SEED  CO.,  Box  32  Cortland,  H.Y. 


ONION  SEED 


We  are  headquarters  for  a  full  line  of  Stras- 
burg,  Flat  Danvers  and  Yellow  Globe  Onion 
Seed.  Try  them  for  No.  1  stock.  Get  prices. 
- THEILMANN  SEED  CO.,  ERIE,  PA. - 


FRUIT 

TREES 

Pear*.  Bartlett,  Seckel  and  others. 

Fine,  healthy  trees.  Cherries  and 
PIums,all  best  varieties. Peaches, 
grown  from  buds  from  bearing  trees.  Also  Grapes 
and  Currants  in  any  quantity.  General  big  advance 
in  prices  this  year  owing  to  great  demand  for  fruit 
trees  in  northwest.  Our  prices  have  not  advanced. 
Get  wholesale  prices  direct  from  us  and  $1  Lot  Oilers. 
Save  §  to  J.  Free  Catal  og.  W  rite  to-day. 

W.  P.  KCPEBT  &.  SON,  Box  30  Seneca,  N.  Y. 
Also  Breeders  of  Prize  Hampshire  Sheep 


Black’s  Peach  Trees-1911 

.*  y'iVriV’l^eac^  Trees  are  one  of  our  specialties — we  ■ 
grow  for  quality  and  not  quantity  alone.  Our 
x  trees,  however,  cost  little,  if  any,  more  than  the 

ordinary  sort — we  employ  no  agents,  but  seljj 
a* #25 direct, saving  middleman’s  profits.*  r  |  ■  * 

New  booklet,  “Springtime  ^‘^VulUSDlfi 
*  Harvest  for  the  Fruit-grower,”  free.j  | 


Joseph  H.  Black,  Son  &  Go. 

Box  V,  Hightstown,  New  Jersey^  j.  f  J-gg 


FRUIT,  SHADE  and  ORNAMENTAL 
TREES,  SHRUBS  and  ROSES 

A  Large  Stock  of  the  Finest  Quality.  Also 
a  Full  Line  of  the  BEST  Spray  Pumps,  and 
Spray  Material.  Prices  Low  and  Satisfac¬ 
tion  Guaranteed.  We  Deal  Direct  with 
our  Customers.  Write  for  Price  List. 

CALL’S  NUKSEKIKS,  Perry,  Ohio. 


This 

ValuableBook 


It’s  valuable  because  it  tells  vou 
how  to  obtain  the  highest  grade 
fruit  and  ornamental  trees,  vines 
and  plants  and  save  the  agent  s 
commission. 

We  are  offering  some  great  bargains  for  this 
Spring’s  planting  and  you  owe  it  to  yoursclr  to 
send  us  your  name  and  address  so  we  can  place 
the  book  in  your  hands. 

We  grow  our  own  stock  and  guarantee  it 
ALLEN  L.  WOOD,  Woodlawn  Nurseries 
567  Culver  Road,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


C7C  ftftft  apple  and 
PEACH  trees 

Our  prices  are  50  per  cent  less  than  you 
nay  agents  and  dealers.  I  localise  in 
buying  direct  from  the  growers  you 
SAVE  TWO  PROFITS 
and  run  no  risk.  Every  tree  as  repre¬ 
sented.  True  to  name.  Fresh  dug. 
Personal  attention  given  each  order. 

2  Apple  Trees  J  g““r.£t 

postpaid  for  25  cents. 

Everybody  send  for  Free  catalogue. 

Maloney  Bros.  &  Wells, 

Box  13  ,  Dansvllle,  N.  Y. 


■  1 


T^r 


ferry: 

CC  E  To  grow  the  fln- 

wj  est  flowers  and 

most  luscious 
r  vegetables,  plant  the  best 
seeds.  Ferry’s  Seeds  are  best 
because  they  never  fall  In  yield 
or  quality.  The  best  garden¬ 
ers  and  farmers  everywhere 
know  Ferry’s  seeds  to  be  the 
highest  standard  of  quality 
yet  attained.  For  sale 
everywhere. 

[FERRY’S  1911  Seed  Annual 
Free  on  request 

0.  M.  FERRY  A  CO, 

DETROIT,  MICK. 


850,000 


1 


GRAPEVINES 

61*  Varieties.  Also  Small  Fruits,  Trees,  etc.  Best  Root¬ 
ed  Slock,  Genuine,  cheap,  S  , ample  vines  mailed  for  10c.  Desc. 
price-list  free.  LKU  IS  llOESCli  U  SOJi.  Bos  K,  Eredonls,  ».  T. 

EDIIIT  TDCCC  Apples,  Pears,  Plums, Cherries, 
ftlUl  I  I  tltlELO  Peaches,  Small  Fruits,  Shrubs, 
Roses.  Finest  Stock.  Low 
Prices.  Free  Catalogue.  Write  us  before  you  buy. 

J.Faerber  Frultiand  Nurseries.  303  Winton  Rd.N.,Roohester,N.Y. 


PLANT  HARDY  TREES 

Healthy,  acclimated,  high  grade,  true  to  label  fruit  trees 
and  plants  for  Northern  States  at  wholesale  prices,  direct 
from  nursery  to  planter.  Send  for  catalogue. 

^ELERTMCID^URSERIES^esi^JUlajuzoo^ic^ 


—150  ACRES,  Genesee  Valley 
grown.  “Not  the  cheapest,  but 
the  best.”  Never  have  had  San 
Jose  Scale.  Established  18C8. 

rsvsTfU'  vpsr  GEO.  A.  SWEET  NURSERY  CO., 
CATALOG  FREE  20  Maple  St.,  Dansville,  H.  Y. 


TREES 


"WXT  X  Jk  »l  |  a  few  good  customers  for 

\A/  A  |\|  I  r  |  lour  unexcelled  Trees, 
"  Shrubs  and  Plants. 

We  want  your  custom  and  you  want  our  goods. 
.  Send  for  our  FREE  catalog. 

The  Rochester  Nurseries,  Rochester,  N.Y. 


1911 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


til 


COMBINATION  HENHOUSE. 

I  am  interested  in  the  poultry  plant 
described  on  page  1106  by  R.  Thomas,  of 
New  Jersey.  The  cut  shows  only  the  yard, 
which  I  understand  easily  enough,  but  it 
describes  three  poultry  houses  each  4x4 
feet  for  roosting,  laying  and  feeding.  Are 
these  houses  joined  together  or  separate? 
The  article  says  the  sections  (of  yards  I 
suppose)  could  be  placed  end  to  end,  but 
that  each  house  should  have  one  or  more 
sections  between  them.  How  could  they  if 
the  sections  are  end  to  end?  I  would  like 
to  have  you  explain  how  the  houses  are 
arranged  and  any  other  particulars  that 
are  not  apparent  in  the  article  in  ques¬ 
tion.  T.  A.  H. 

Fergus  Falls,  Minn. 

In  the  diagram,  A  show  run  4x16; 
B  roosting  houses,  4x4 ;  C  laying  houses. 


Fertilizing  Value  of  Flat  Turnips. 

We  sowed  our  first  Cow-horn  turnips  this 
year  in  our  early  sweet  corn ;  they  were 
extra  nice.  We  had  five  acres  of  Purple- 
tops,  but  the  season  was  against  them. 
There  are  about  300  bushels  on  the  ground 
to  the  a'cre  that  are  too  small  for  sale.  Ho 
you  think  they  will  do  the  land  as  much 
good  as  the  Cow-horn?  It  makes  me  sick 
to  read  about  high  cost  of  living;  the 
prices  to  farmers  around  Syracuse  are  not 
higher  than  they  have  been  in  10  or  12 
years,  except  meat,  but  you  can  hive  no 
one  to  work  except  Italians,  and  we  have 
to  draw  them  from  the  city.  e.  s. 

New  York, 

The  Cow-horn  turnips  are  superior  be¬ 
cause  they  make  a  long  tap  root  and  work 
the  soil  deeply.  The  flat  turnips  add  con¬ 
siderable  humus  to  the  soil  and  help  it. 


B  ’ 

B 

B 

B  : 

A 

C 

C 

■  A  . 

A 

C 

D 

A 

3 

■  B- 

B 

■B 

A 

4x4 ;  D  dry  mash  house,  4x4.  Cut  holes 
to  admit  fowls  at  X  in  each  house. 
Each  vertical  line  on  the  plan  is  the 
end  of  each  run  or  house  and  each 
house  or  run  can  be  moved  as  if  the 
plan  was  a  line  of  store  boxes;  they  are 
not  fastened  in  any  way.  The  reason 
the  houses  are  4x4  is  that  they  can  be 
moved  by  one  man  or  boy,  or  even  a 
woman,  and  being  built  of  one-inch 
boards  would  be  too  heavy  if  made 
larger.  Also  the  beginner  can  start 
with  16  hens,  one  run,  one  roosting 
house  and  one  laying  house,  and  increase 
as  he  wishes.  The  outside  shape  and 
size  of  all  houses  are  the  same.  E 
shows  nests,  F  dry  mash.  Make  hole, 
X,  in  diagram  large  enough  to  admit 
light,  but  not  large  enough  to  admit 
rain  on  the  mash.  r.  thomas. 

New  Jersey. 


KILLING  OUT  HORSERADISH. 

On  page  1160  G.  W.  B.,  DeRuyter, 
N.  Y.,  asks  what  will  kill  horseradish. 
I  have  a  small  field  on  my  farm  that 
had  horseradish  in  it.  I  tried  to  ex¬ 
terminate  it,  but  failed;  tried  to  dig  it 
out,  but  that  only  seemed  to  subdue  it. 
Then  I  tried  salt  on  the  crown  as  recom¬ 
mended  by  T.  M.  White,  and  that  did 
not  kill  it ;  then  I  used  hot  brine,  which 
failed  to  kill  it.  Finally  I  bought  a 
small  flock  of  sheep.  We  pastured  this 
field  with  the  sheep  because  it  was  near 
the  house  and  we  could  protect  the 
sheep  from  dogs.  I  was  surprised  to 
see  the  sheep  eat  the  horseradish ;  they 
kept  it  nipped  off  close  to  the  ground. 
The  next  season  we  pastured  the  sheep 
in  the  same  field,  not  knowing  then  the 
sheep  would  destroy  horseradish,  but 
they  did ;  they  kept  it  nipped  off  close 
to  the  ground.  The  second  year  the 
result  was  they  killed  every  root  of 
horseradish.  j.  f.  e. 

Minaville,  N.  Y.  • 

R.  N.-Y. — Close  pasturing  with  sheep 
will  kill  off  many  plants,  including  crab 

grass. 


Finish  for  Oak  Floor. 

C.  8.  B.,  Clifton  Springs,  N.  Y. — Would 
you  give  me  the  best  method  and  proper 
material  used  in  filling  and  finishing  new 
floors  in  natural  wood,  especially  oak,  both 
in  preparing  and  varnishing  and  also  in 
polishing? 

Ans. — Fill  with  a  paste  filler,  allow 
same  to  stand  one-half  hour,  or  long 
enough  to  dry,  then  rub  off  with  excel¬ 
sior  or  burlap.  Be  sure  to  rub  off  across 
the  grain,  so  as  not  to  pull  the  filler  out 
of  the  pores  of  the  wood.  Let  floor 
stand  for  2.4  hours,  putty  holes  and  then 
apply  a  thin  coat  of  white  shellac.  When 
hard  face  off  with  No.  o  sandpaper.  Next 
'apply  a  coat  of  floor  wax,  let  same  stand 
until  dry,  and  then  polish  with  a  twenty- 
live  pound  weighted  floor  brush.  If  high 
polish  is  desired  put  on  second  coat  of 
wax,  and  after  polishing  with  brush  fin¬ 
ish  by  polishing  with  flannel  or  tapestry 
carpet  placed  under  the  brush.  Paste 
tiller  or  floor  wax  can  be  obtained  from 
any  paint  manufacturer  or  dealer.  If 
a  stain  is  desired  color  the  filler  to  the 
required  shade  before  applying.  h.  h. 


ROOST 


ROOST 


1  2  3 

COMBINATION  HENHOUSE.  Fig.  26. 

The  chemists  tell  us  that  turnips  contain 
but  little  actual  plant  food,  but  they  show 
themselves  in  the  following  crops. 


Potash  for  Fruit. 

Some  time  ago  I  complained  about  my 
Campbell’s  Early  grapes.  After  that  I  dug 
out  the  worst  and  applied  a  heavy  dress¬ 
ing  of  muriate  of  potash,  and  in  spite  of 
the  fact  that  they  suffered  severely  from 
late  frosts,  they  made  a  great  gain  in 
wood  growth  over  the  previous  season.  All 
kinds  of  fruit  (barring  grapes)  did  well 
where  the  trees  had  proper  care,  and  it 
seems  to  me  from  what  I  have  learned 
the  past  two  seasons,  that  plenty  of  potash 
is  a  very  necessary  adjunct.  l.  f. 

It  depends  much  upon  the  soil.  The 

lighter  soils  lack  potash  and  also  some 

heavier  soils  which  have  been  cropped  a 

long  time.  It  is  true  that  potash  acts  as  a 
form  of  tonic  or  medicine  for  many  plants, 
particularly  trees,  and  such  crops  as  po¬ 
tatoes  or  sugar  beets. 

Sprouted  Oats. — Little  chickens  like 
sprouted  oats  so  much  that  if  they  have 
plenty  of  other  feed  before  them,  they  will, 
upon  the  approach  of  any  one,  come  out 
of  the  brooder  in  the  dusk  of  evening  and 
fill  in  on  sprouted  oats  till  their  little 

crops  are  as  hard  as  stone,  and  they  cer¬ 
tainly  grow,  but  there  are  difficulties  in 
the  work,  as  good  quality  oats  are  hard 
to  get.  and  in  cold  weather  it  can’t  be  done. 

Milford,  Conn.  s.  k. 


Sumach. — To  exterminate  sumach  the 
sprouts  must  be  cut  every  Fall.  I  find 
the  best  time  is  from  August  15  to  time  of 
hard  frosts.  Last  year  I  had  some  spare 
time  the  first  of  July,  so  cut  some  sprouts, 
but  on  that  piece  there  are  two  sprouts 
where  I  cut  one,  about  one  foot  high,  ready 
to  make  a  good  growth  next  season.  Had 
I  waited  till  Fall  the  result  would  have 
been  much  better  I  think.  Last  Fall  I 
went  over  30  acres  with  corn  knife. 
Where  it  was  the  fifth  year  I  have  been 
over  the  ground  the  sprouts  were  scatter¬ 
ing  and  small,  but  the  sprouts  on  ground 
cut  over  last  year  for  the  first  time  were 
from  three  to  six  feet  high,  so  it  was 
about  like  cutting  corn.  I  have  had  more 
trouble  with  sumach  on  new  land  than 
with  any  other  shrub.  Had  I  taken  it  in 
time  before  it  got  such  a  start  I  could 
have  kept  it  down  with  much  less  work. 

Tioga  Co.,  N.  Y.  m.  d.  c. 

It.  N.-Y. — We  have  often  explained  the 
theory  of  this  late  cutting.  The  bushes 
grow  until  late  Summer.  Then  the  roots 
are  exhausted,  growth  stops,  and  the  roots 
lay  in  material  for  next  season’s  growth. 
If  they  are  cut  in  August  the  roots  start 
in  to  make  a  feeble  growth,  and  cannot  at 
the  same  time  fit  themselves  for  another 
season. 

Arch  for  Boiling  Sat. — I  would  like  in¬ 
formation  regarding  how  to  build  an  arch 
for  boiling  maple  sap.  Last  year  I 
purchased  a  complete  boiling  outfit,  which 
proved  a  bad  failure.  This  failure  I 
think  was  due  to  the  arch  having  sloping 
sides,  the  grate  width  being  much  less 
than  the  pan.  Although  we  had  good  dry 
sound  wood  and  slack  coal  and  experienced 
firemen  we  could  not  evaporate  more  than 
about  half  as  much  water  as  claimed  for 
it.  With  a  brick  furnace  with  the  same 
pan  surface  we  could  nearly  double  the 
quantity.  I  have  been  told  that  an  evapo¬ 
rator  will  not  evaporate  as  fast  as  a  plain 
pan.  Is  there  any  truth  in  this  statement? 
The  best  arch  I  ever  used  was  made  of 
brick,  and  was  two  feet  deep  back  of  the 
grates.  No  fire  blazed  out  of  the  top  of 
the  chimney,  while  the  iron  arch  fire 
blazed  out  much  of  the  time.  We  tried 
various  ways  of  checking  the  draft,  with 
the  effect  of  checking  the  boiling.  I  pro¬ 
pose  to  build  a  new  arch,  and  I  want  a 
good  one.  I  have  400  good  trees.  Please 
give  dimensions  of  pan.  h.  s. 

Ohio. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


A  PERFECT  STAND 

Of  potato*!  ia  what  yon  will  fat  with  food 
aaed  and  on  Iron  Age  Planter.  It  plant#  100 
per  cent,  without  misses  or  doubles  or  In¬ 
jury  to  the  seed.  Every  seed  piece  placed. 

Just  right,  at  eren  spaces  and  covered  uni¬ 
formly.  The  boy  pays  lor  bis  labor  10  to  20 
times  over,  and  the  planter  pays  for  itaelf— 
ask  any  user.  With  or  without  fertilizer  distributor. 

Farm  and 
Garden  Tools 

have  "made  food”  and  proven  their 
superiority  for  75  years.  8and 
postal  to  day  for  our  Anni¬ 
versary  Catalog— it  tells  all 
about  our  Potato  Plautars, 

Cultivators,  Diggers,  Spray¬ 
ers,  Garden  Tools,  Wheel  ___ 

Hoes.  Drills,  etc.,  and  ia 
f  SSI  Don't  delay. 

BATEMAN  M*P*0  GO. 

BOX  1036  a  REN  LOCH.  N.  J. 


v«  waaasvi 

IRON  ME 


Save  Time  and  Seed 

fly  Using  the  50  Year 
Old  World’s  Standard 


GAHOON 

SEED 

SOWER 


Guaranteed  to  do  more  and  better  broadcast  work 
with  any  kind  of  grain  or  grass  seed  than  any  other 
Seed  Sower.  Saves  time  and  labor;  givesblggercrops. 
Pays  for  itself  many  times  over  yearly,  although  it 
i  s  the  highest  priced  sower.  Made  of  iron,  steel  and 
brass.  Lasts  a  lifetime.  If  your  dealer  cannot  supply 
we  will  deliver  the  Cahoon  to  any  express 
office  east  of  the  Mississippi  River  on  receipt  of  $4. 

(Seed  Sowers’  Manual  tells  how  to  save  seed  and 
get  bigger  crops.  It’s  free.  Send  for  it. 

GOODELL  CO,,  14  Main  St..  Antrim,  N.  H. 


48  Million  Shortage 

Government  statistics  show  there  were  48,000,000  bush¬ 
els  less  of  potatoes  grown  in  the  United  States  last 
year  than  in  1900.  This  witli  increasing  population 
must  necessarily  make  a  larger  demand  for  potatoes 
in  1911.  No  crop  as  a 

Money  Maker 

equals  it.  and  the  information  showing  bow  to  grow 
for  profit  will  be  mailed  absolutely  free  to  any  one 
asking  for  it.  Our  president  has  devoted  over  fifty 
years  to  the  study  of  potato  culture  and  the  manufac¬ 
ture  of  machinery  for  handling  the  crop  in  all  stages. 

ASPINWALL  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

437  Sabin  Street,  Jackson,  Michigan,  U.  S.  A. 
World***  Oldest  and  Largest  Makers  of  Potato  Machinery. 


How  to  Save  Half  on 
Your  Tire  Cost 

Here  are  tires  which,  until  lately,  cost  20%  more  than  the  ordinary. 
All  because  they  can  t  rim-cut,  and  because  they  are  oversize.  Now 
these  same  tires,  which  save  half  on  one’s  tire  bills,  cost  no  extra  price. 


We  have  sold  half  a  million  Good¬ 
year  No-Rim-Cut  tires  at  20  per 
cent  more  than  the  price  of  other 
standard  tires.  Last  year  our  tire 
sales  trebled— jumped  to  $8,500,000. 

All  because  the  tires  can’t  rim- 
cut,  and  because  Goodyear  tires  are 
10  per  cent  oversize. 

Now  these  same  tires — No-Rim- 
Cut  tires — tires  10  per  cent  oversize 
— cost  no  extra  price.  Our  multi¬ 
plied  output  has  cut  the  cost  of  pro¬ 
duction.  All  motor  car  owners 
should  insist  on  them  now. 


We  have  run  them  flat  in  a  hundred  tests 
as  far  as  20  miles.  Yet  there  has  never 
been  a  single  instance  of  rim-cutting. 


The  Cause  of  Rim-Cutting 


The  above  picture  shows  how  aa  ordinary 
tire— a  clincher  tiro— fits  this  same  standard 
rim.  The  removable  rim  flanges  must  be  turned 
to  face  inward— to  grasp  hold  of  the  hooks  in 
the  tire.  That  is  how  the  tires  are  held  on. 

Note  how  that  thin  edge  of  the  rim  flange 
digs  into  the# tire.  That  is  what  causes  rim-cut- 
ting.  That  is  how  tires  are  wrecked  beyond 


repair  if  you  run  them  flat,  even  for  a  few 
hundred  feet. 

That  rim-cutting  ruins  more  automobile  tire* 
than  any  other  single  cause. 

How  to  Avoid  It 

The  difference  is  simply  this:  In  the  Good¬ 
year  No-Rim-Cut  tires  there  are  6iS  braided 
piano  wires  run  through  the  baso  on  each  side. 
That  makes  the  base  unstretchable.  The  tire 
can’t  creep  on  the  rim,  and  nothing  can  pos¬ 
sibly  force  it  over  the  rim. 

When  these  tires  are  inflated  the  braided 
wires  contract.  They  are  then  held  to  the  rim 
by  a  pressure  of  131  pounds  to  the  inch. 

That  is  why  Goodyear  No-Rim-Out  tires  don’t 
need  to  bo  hooked  to  the  rim.  The  rim  (lunges 
can  be  turned  to  hook  outward,  and  you  can’t 
rim-cut  the  tire. 

Other  makers,  to  meet  our  competition,  run 
a  single  wire  through  the  base.  Or  they  use  a 
hard  rubber  base.  But  neither  plan  will  do. 
The  braided  wires,  which  contract  under  air 
pressure,  are  absolutely  essential  to  a  safo  hook¬ 
less  tiro.  And  we  control  that  feuture. 


Goodyear  Tires  10%  Oversize 

They  supply  the  tire  size  to  support  that'Ioad 
t  they  rarely  leave  any  margin.  They  cannol 


The  63  Braided  Wires 

No  Rim-Cutting 

The  picture  shows  how  a  Goodyear  No- 
Rim-Cut  tire  fits  any  standard  rim  for 
quick-detachable  tires.  Also  de¬ 
mountable  rims. 

Note  that  the  rim  flanges  — 
which  are  removable— are  turned 
to  hook  outward  with  No-Rim- 
Cut  tires.  There  are  no  hooks 
on  the  tire  base  to  hook  into  this 
flange,  as  there  are  on  other  tires. 

The  rounded  flange  comes 
next  to  the  tire  casing,  and  rim¬ 
cutting  is  made  impossible.  Half 
a  million  of  these  tires  have  been 
used. 


Here  is  another  feature  which,  with  the 
.average  car,  saves  25%  on  the  tire  bills. 

The  Goodyear— while  it  fits  the  rim— gives  yon 
10%  more  tire  for  your  money.  That  means 
10%  more  carrying  capacity.  It  means,  with 
average  conditions,  26%  more  mileage  per  tire. 

The  reason  is  this: 

Motor  car  makers,  in  adopting  tire  sizes,  fig¬ 
ure  on  the  weight  of  tho  car  as  they  sell  it  and 
the  weight  of  the  passengers  at  150  pounds  each. 


but  they  rarely  leave  any  margin.'  They  cannot 
afford  to  at  the  present  prices  for  cars. 

You  may  udd  a  top,  a  glass  front,  gas  lamps, 
gas  tank,  an  extra  tire,  etc.  And  passengers 
may  over- weigh.  With  nine  cars  in  ten  the  ex¬ 
pected  load  is  exceeded.  The  result  is  a  blow¬ 
out— often  while  tho  tire  is  new.  Overloading, 
with  the  average  car,  odds  25%  to  the  tire  cost. 

We  Save  That  25% 

When  you  specify  Goodyear  No- 
Itim-Out  tires  you  get  10%  oversize 
without  extra  cost.  That  prevents 
overloading.  It  adds,  on  the  average, 
one-fourth  to  the  tire  mileage. 

We  give  yon  this  extra  size  without 
extra  cost  to  protect  our  reputation. 
When  tires  are  wrecked  by  overload¬ 
ing.  one  naturally  blames  the  tire 
maker.  Wo  wish  to  avoid  that  blame. 

Thero  are  many  other  things  you 
gain  when  you  specify  Goodyear  No- 
Rim- Cut  tiros.  Tbeyareall  told  inour 
book.  "Hoiv  to  Select  an  Automobile 
Tire.”  Ask  us  to  send  it  to  you. 


The  Goodyear  Tire  &  Rubber  Co.,  59th  St.,  Akron,  O. 

WE  MAKE  ALL  KINDS  OF  RUBBER  TIRES 

Branches  and  Agencies  in  All  the  Principal  Cities 


THE  RURA&  NEW-YORKER 


January-  21, 


62 

ALFALFA  A  GOOD  TEACHER. 

What  it  Taught  in  1910. 

First,  that  one  bushel  of  clean  seed 
oats  sown  as  a  nurse  crop  for  Alfalfa 
seeding  will  raise  30  to  50  bushels  of 
oats  to  the  acre,  this  according  to  the 
strength  and  condition  of  the  soil.  Sec¬ 
ond,  judging  from  the  above,  hereafter 
I  do  not  intend  to  sow  more  than  two 
bushels  of  oats  to  the  acre  at  any  time, 
or  on  any  kind  of  soil.  Third,  that  it 
is  useless  to  sow  a  peck  of  Alfalfa  seed 
to  the  acre,  as  I  have  failed  to  get  a 
stand  sowing  a  peck,  and  have  suc¬ 
ceeded  in  getting  a  stand  sowing  four 
pounds  to  the  acre.  Fourth,  to  sow  no 
other  kind  of  grass  seed  at  all  where  you 
sow  Alfalfa.  If  you  need  more  seed  sow 
Alfalfa  seed.  Fifth,  in  fertilizing  Al¬ 
falfa  land  guard  against  grass  or  weed 
seed  in  the  fertilizer.  Sixth,  that  disking 
Alfalfa  is  apt  to  cut  off  the  crowns  of  the 
plant,  and  when  this  is  done  that  is  the 
end  of  that  plant’s  life.  Even  a  splitting 
of  the  crowns  with  me  has  proved  in¬ 
jurious.  I  have  used  the  harrow  at  cer¬ 
tain  times  with  good  effect,  but  believe 
that  surface  cultivation  can  be  done  with 
a  better  implement  than  either  a  disk 
or  harrow. 

While  we  never  inoculated  our  soil 
we  found  that  after  the  second  year  the 
soil  was  self-inoculated ;  nodules  were 
quite  numerous  on  the  plants  in  1910. 
One  of  the  most  important  things  about 
starting  Alfalfa  is'  a  soil  free  from  weed 
or  grass  seed.  My  experience  is  that  the 
best  time  is  right  after  oat  seeding  in 
the  Spring.  Alfalfa,  like  Red  clover, 
will  stand  a  light  freeze  even  after  it 
has  come  up.  Practically  a  better  way 
would  be  to  sow  alone  and  clip  it  two 
or  three  times  during  the  season  with  a 
mower.  Do  not  expect  too  much  from 
the  first  crop. 

Slower  starting  in  the  Spring,  Alfalfa 
overtakes  all  the  native  grasses  by  the 
middle  of  June,  when  the  first  crop  is 
ready  to  cut.  While  the  first  crop  yields 
the  best,  it  is  the  sickliest  looking  crop 
of  the  season.  After  the  first  cutting 
Alfalfa  grows  thrifty  and  is  beautiful  in 
appearance,  a  bluish  dark  green  folliage 
and  thrifty  growth.  The  second  crop 
will  do  to  cut  the  last  of  July,  third 
crop  last  of  August  or  first  of  September. 
It  is  best  to  leave  the  fourth  crop  on 
the  ground  for  Winter  protection  and 
it  makes  the  plant  more  hardy.  It  is 
a  positive  advantage  to  cut  the  crop  three 
times  during  the  season,  whether  you 
get  much  or  little,  for  it  is  by  cutting 
and  surface  cultivation  that  the  plant 
is  made  vigorous  and  productive  from 
year  to  year,  and  is  enabled  to  retain 
a  foothold  on  the  soil  to  the  detriment  of 
other  grasses  that  are  native  and  would 
crowd  it  out  were  it  not  for  the  above 
precautions.  millard  horton. 

Hancock  Co..  Ill. 

Beans  in  a  Young  Orchard. 

<?.  M.  H.,  Vermont. — Which  is  the  best 
crop  to  raise  in  young  orchard  (best  for 
orchard),  corn,  beans,  or  potatoes? 

Ans. — Of  the  three  crops  mentioned 
we  would  choose  beans.  Corn  unless  it 
be  a  dwarf  kind,  grows  too  high  and  will 
shade  the  young  trees.  Corn  is  a  rank 
feeder  and  sometimes  robs  the  orchard 
of  food  and  drink.  Potatoes  are  good, 
provided  they  are  well  fed;  but  the 
trouble  with  the  late  crops  is  that  dig¬ 
ging  gives  very  late  cultivation  or  work¬ 
ing  of  the  soil.  This  stimulates  a  late 
growth,  which  is  tender  and  may  be 
killed  in  Winter.  Beans  make  a  good 
growth  and  add  some  nitrogen  to  the 
soil.  They  permit  good  culture  and 
clover  or  rye  can  be  seeded  among  them 
at  the  last  cultivation.  The  vines  are 
excellent  to  pile  around  the  trees. 


“The  Cull  in  the  Package.” 

One  of  the  brightest  and  most  telling 
talks  at  the  New  York  Fruit  Growers’ 
meeting  in  Rochester  was  given  by  Mrs. 
Florence  Cornwall,  of  Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y. 
The  writer  had  spoken  of  the  damage  done 
to  New  York  State  fruit  by  poor  packing, 
and  had  advised  young  men  to  marry 
school  teachers  if  they  could  get  one  to 
overlook  their  deficiencies.  Mrs.  Cornwall 
said : 

“Perhaps  the  reason  I  am  here  this 
morning  is  because  my  husband  followed 
the  advice  of  Mr.  Collingwood  and  married 
a  school  teacher,  and  it  is  hard  to  stop 
talking  all  at  once.  We  heard  yesterday 
afternoon  and  evening  a  serious  and  stren¬ 
uous  scoring  of  the  western  New  York 
‘state  apple.  By  strong  implication  the 
grower  of  the  western  New  York  State 
apple  was  blamed.  We  were  reminded  of 
all  our  advantages,  of  the  expert  advice 
which  we  are  receiving  in  these  meetings, 
and  plainly  asked,  Where  are  your  re¬ 
sults?  Now  do  you  think  this  is  fair? 

I  know  it  isn’t  in  Wayne  County.  We 
raise  fine  apples.  We  are  on  the  laek 
shore.  We  have  every  advantage  of  cli¬ 
mate,  soil,  theory  and  experience.  We 
ought  to  raise  fine  apples  and  we  do.  Is 
it  the  grower’s  fault?  Should  we  be 
blamed  for  the  present  reputation  which 
the  western  New  York  apple  has  in  Ro¬ 
chester?  I  say  no,  and  for  this  reason.  In 
Wayne  County  95  per  cent  of  the  apples 
are  bought  by  dealers,  operators,  specula¬ 
tors.  He  buys  them  orchard  run.  He 
does  much  of  the  packing  and  oversees  the 
rest  himself.  He  labels  the  fruit.  It  is 
just  like  this:  Last  year  a  dealer  offered 
us  80  cents  a  bushel  orchard  run.  When 
we  said  $3  a  barrel  he  laughed  and  went 
away.  But  he  bought  our  neighbors’ 
apples,  took  them  to  storage.  During  the 
Winter  he  repacked  them  with  the  co¬ 
operation  of  a  New  York  commission  man, 
packed  them  so  loosely  that  he  made  about 
20  extra  barrels  out  of  his  8,000  barrels, 
put  in  two  bushels  of  fairly  good  apples, 
one  bushel  on  the  bottom,  one  bushel  on 
top,  filled  in  the  middle  with  cider  apples. 
Some  of  these  which  we  brought  home  as 
a  curiosity  were  the  size  of  cherries.  He 
said :  ‘In  New  York  City  they  only  pay 
for  two  bushels  of  good  apples.  What  is 
the  use  of  putting  in  three?’ 

“He  shipped  his  first  carload  to  his 
friend  in  New  York  City,  got  .$3.75  a  barrel, 
while  we  and  others  who  packed  their  own 
fruit  and  packed  it  fair  and  honest  got 
$5.50.  His  second  car  dropped  50  cents  a 
barrel,  the  third  25  cents  more,  in  spite  of 
the  efforts  of  his  friend  to  keep  up  the 
price.  In  the  end  he  lost  a  great  deal  of 
money.  He  also  lost  Incidentally  or  did 
his  best  to  lose  the  reputation  of  the  west¬ 
ern  New  York  State  apple.  It  went  into 
the  middle  of  the  barrel  with  the  culls. 

“How  is  it  with  Monroe  County?  Where 
are  the  fine  pears  which  are  grown  in  this 
vicinity?  We  know  the*e  are  none  finer  in 
the  United  States.  Are  they  sold  in  Ro¬ 
chester?  I  would  like  to  ask  the  Cham¬ 
ber  of  Commerce  of  Rochester  to  give  us 
the  names  of  dealers  in  Rochester  who  will 
buy  No.  1  fruit.  Don’t  you  think  some  of 
these  dealers  are  hiding  behind  the  poor 
pack,  the  cull  in  the  the  barrel,  as  an 
excuse  for  not  paying  what  good  fruit  is 
worth?  And  perhaps  they  put  a  pile  of 
muddy  New  York  State  apples  on  the 
floor  of  their  stores  in  order  to  sell  by 
contrast  the  western  box  apple.” 


This  Beautiful  New  Rose 

The 

Climbing 
American 
Beauty 

1  was  originated  by 
us  —  a  cross  be¬ 
tween  the  Ameri¬ 
can  Beauty  and 
the  seedling  of 
one  of  our  hardy 
climbing  roses. 

The  result  is  a 
rose  as  beautiful 

_ _  and  exquisitely 

fragrant  as  the  American  Beauty,  with 
blooms  3  to  4  inches  in  diameter — but  it  is 
hardy  as  an  oak,  of  strong  habit  of 
growth,  a  perfect  mass  of  bloom  in  June. 
The  Climbing  American  Beauty  will  grow 
wherever  a  climbing  or  pillar  rose  will — 
why  not  in  your  garden  ?  We  will  sell 
year-old  plants  of  this  wonderful  new  rose 
at  $2.00  each— mailed,  postpaid,  to  any 
address  on  receipt  of  amount.  Write  for 
folder  giving  full  particulars. 

Hoopes,  Bro.  &  Thomas  Company 

West  Chester,  Pa. 


SAVE  MONEY^FRUIT  PLANTS 


Healthy,  northern-grown  stock,  which  will  produce 
money-making  crops.  Strawberry.  Raspberry  Black¬ 
berry,  Currant.  Grape  Plants.  Etc 


READ  OUR  GUARANTEE 


Every  plant  we  ship  is  guaranteed  to  be  first  class 
and  true  to  name,  packed  to  reach  you  in  good  grow¬ 
ing  condition  (by  express),  and  please  you.  or  your 
money  back.  ... 

You  can  make  big  money  growing  good  berries, 
but  you  cannot  expect  to  grow  good  fruit  by  planting 

and  replanting  small  inferior  stock. 

Our  plants  are  all  grown  on  new  ground  (this  being 
the  first  crqp)  and  are  large,  heavy  rooted  and  free 
from  disease.  . 

We  grow  them  by  the  million  on  our  own  ground 
and  know  what  we  are  selling.  That  is  why  our  busi¬ 
ness  has  nearly  doubled  every  year  for  the  past 
_■  twenty-two  years.  _  .  . 

We  can  save  you  money  on  100  plants  or  a  car  load.  Our  large  illustrated  catalogue 
is  instructive  and  is  free  to  all  fruit  growers  Write  for  it  today 

O.  A.  D.  BALDWIN,  R.  D.  14,  Bridgman,  Mich. 


Kellogg 


Plants 


“Mrs.  Gaswell,  while  you  were  in 
Venice  did  you  see  the  bridge  of  sighs?” 
“Oh,  yes,  I  saw  what  they  called  that, 
but,  my  land,  I’ve  seen  bridges  ten  times 
its  size  without  ever  going  out  of  Penn¬ 
sylvania.” — Chicago  T ribune. 


Seeds,  Plants,  Roses, 


Bulbs,  Vines,  Shrubs,  etc. 
Hundreds  of  car  lots  of 
FRUIT  and  ORNA- 
MENTAL  TREES.  1,200 
acres,  50  in  hardy  Roses, 
none  better  grown.  44green- 
houses  of  Palms,  Ferns, 
Ficus,  Geraniums  and 
other  things  too  numerous 
to  mention.  Seeds,  Plants, 
Bulbs,  Roses,  Small  Trees,  etc.,  by  mall,  post¬ 
paid.  Safe  arrival  and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Immense  stock  of  SUPERB  CANNAS,  the 
queen  of  bedding  plants.  Acres  of  Paeonias  and 
other  Perennials.  50  choice  collections  cheap  in 
Seeds,  Plants,  Roses,  etc.  Elegant  168 -page 
Catalog  FREE.  Send  for  it  today  and  see  what 
values  we  give  for  your  money.  Direct  deal  will 
Insure  you  the  best  at  first  cost.  57  years.  (11) 
The  Storrs  &  Harrison  Go.,  Box  156,  Paines ville,0. 


Will  Yield  $500  to  $800  per  Acre 

rpHE  Kellogg  1911  strawberry  book  is  the  most 
A  complete  treatise  on  strawberry  growing  ever 
written.  It  tells  the  farmer  how  to  grow  big 
crops  of  big,  red  strawberries  and  how  t~>  sell 
them  at  big  prices.  No  matterwhereyonliveor 
what  kind  of  soil  you  have,  this  book  will  tell  you 
how  to  prepare  your  soil,  what  varieties  to  set, 
and  how  to  manage  the  plants  to  insure  best 
results.  One  acre  of  Kellogg  Thoroughbred 
ilants  grown  the  Kellogg  way  will  yield  $500  to 
,800.  Get  this  beautifully  illustrated  64-page 
book  and  learn  how  easy  It  is  to  grow  straw¬ 
berries  for  market  or  home  use.  It’s  free. 

B.  M.  KELLOGG  COMPANY,  Box  480  Throe  Rivers,  Mlcb. 


WHOLESALE  PRICES 


i  Strawberry,  Raspberry,  Blackberry,  Gooseberry, 
irrant,  Asparagus  and  Grape  Plants,  Heavy  Rooted, 
High  Grade  Stock.  19th  Annual  Catalogue  Free. 

A.  R.  WESTON  &  CO„  R.  8  Bridgman,  Mlcb. 


Bumper  Crops  of 

STRAWBERRIES 

in  Mid-Summer 
and  Late  Fall. 

Send  for  Catalogue. 

T.  C.  KEVITT 

Athenia  N.u 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  THAT  CROW 


All  Standard  Varieties.  Also  RASPBERRY.  BLACKBERRY, 
CURRANT  and  GRAPE  Flams  and  ASPARAGUS  Roots  in 
I  ASSORTMENT.  WARRANTED  T  RUE-TO-N  AM  E,  and  of 
GRADE  represented;  Catalog  with  Cultural  Instructions  FREE, 
[p  E  WHITTEN.  BOX  11,  BRIDGMAN.  MICHIGAN. 

SCARFF’S  K&Vs 

of 


1000  acres  devoted  to  the 


growing 

Scarff’s  fruiting  strains  of  small  fruit 
plants,  fruit  trees,  farm  seeds,  garden 
roots,  etc.  Our  free  catalog  will  surely 
please  and  save  you  money. 

W.  N.  SCARFF,  New  Carlisle,  Ohio 


Drop  a  card  for 

FLANSBURG  H’S 

STRAWBERRY  CATALOG 

for  1911.  Reliable,  interesting  and  instruc¬ 
tive.  HIGHLAND,  ST.  LOUIS,  GOLDEN  GATE 
and  all  the  best  varieties.  Address 

C.  N.  FLANSBURGH  &  SON 

JACKSON,  MICH. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 


200  Acres  ofThem.  I  Grow  Nothing  Else 

I  do  not  run  a  nursery —or  seed  business  • 

I  devote  all  my  time  to  Strawberry 
Plant:-  I  personally  superintend  my 
farm,  .'very  plant  guaranteed  44  true  to 
namo*4'*  Plants  grown  in  Natural  Straus 
berry  Climate ;  'soil  right,  too.  Strong 
rooted,  prolific  bearers.  Prices  right.  Get 
my  1911  Catalog.  Write  to-day. — NOW. 

W.  W.  THOMAS,  file  Strawbemr  Plant  Man.  25GMaln  St.,  Anns,  III. 


CTRAWBERRY  PLANTS  — All  the  1  eadlng  and  money  making 
O  varieties  ready  to  ship  now.  D.  ROD  WAY,  Hartly.Del. 


PAPER  POTS 


-Three-inch,  $1 .25  a  1,000; 

— .  —  - - four-inch,  $1.75  a  1,000. 

P.  B.  CROSBY  &  SON,  Catonsville,  Md. 


Three  rousing  big  crops  of 

SALZER’S 

Alfalia 


We  have  sold  enough  of 
this  seed  to  sow  half-a- 
million  acres  and 
every  purchaser 
has  been  enthu¬ 
siastic  about  it. 

Ex-Gov.  W.  IX 
Hoard  of  Wiscon¬ 
sin  writes  “I  like  ^ 

the  quality  of  your 
Alfalfa  Clover  very  * 
much.  On  30  acres 
I  raised  over 
$2500  worth  of 
Alfalfa  Hay. 

There  is  no 
better  money 
crop  that  I 

know  of."  --=•»>--  — - 

You  sow  Salzer’s  Northern  Grown  Alfalfa  and 
get  three  rousing  big  crops,  in  May,  July  and 
August,  besides  having  the  best  of  pastures.  It 
will  do  this  on  any  farm  America  where 
Timothy  will  grow.  Get  full  particulars.  A\iite 
for  our  1911  catalog.  It’s  free. 


0 


10  PACKETS  OF 

FARM  SEEDS 


10*1 


Here’s  our  great  trial  collection  at  one  cent 
a  package,  composed  of  Spellz,  the  cereal  and 
hay  wonder,  Silver  King  Barley,  a  world  beater  with 
173  bu.  per  acre,  Bonanza  Oaf — s won  four  farms  in 
1910 — biggest  sworn  to  yield  259  Bushels  per  acre. 
Billion  Dollar  Grass,  the  ten  ton  grass  wonder, 
Salzer's  luxuriant  Alfalfa,  and  five  other  packets, 
allfen  for  10c  in  stamps.  Write  for  this  collection 
today  and  we’ll  also  send  you  a  free  copy  of  our 
great  1911  catalogue. 

JOHN  A.  SALZER  SEED  CO. 

144 South  8th  St.,  La  Crosse,  WIs. 


ALFALFA 

All  Northern  grown,  guaranteed  to  be  99  percent 
pure  and  free  from  dodder.  Write  for  tree  sample 
on  which  we  Invite  you  to  get  Government  testi. 
This  seed  should  produce  hay  at  $60  per  acre!  an¬ 
nually.  Free  Instructions  on  growing. 

GRAIN  AND  GRASS  SEED 


SOY  BEANS 


Northern  grown  and  of  .strongest  vitality.  We 
handle  export  grade  only  and  can  furnish  erase 
mixture  suitable  for  any  soils. 

Wing’s  Mikado, Sable 
and  Mongol  are  the 
heaviest  known  yield- 
ers.  Are  all  our  own 
new  varieties  obtainable  from  ns  only.  Mikado 
has  record  of  37  bu.  per  acre.  Will  grow  on  poor 
soil  and  greatly  Improve  It.  Write  today  for  catalog. 

WING  SEED  CO.,  Box  323  Mechanlcsburg.  O. 

CLOVER  SEED 

Mammoth  and  Medium  Red  Clover  Seed.  I  buy 
direct  from  the  farmer  that  grows  it.  Will  mail 
you  sample  and  quote  you  prices  on  lots  of  two 
bushels  up.  M.  L.  WHITE,  Noblksvilli:,  Ind. 

Choicest  Cloter  Seed  ifiSrtS 

direct  from  the  farmer  and  selling  direct  to  you 
gives 
money. 

free  C.  _ _  _ _  _ _ 

Seeds— mostly  clovers,”  10  Main  St..  Marysville,  O. 

OFF  no  THAT  DO  NOT  DISAPPOINT 

■■  P*  I  I  Sold  on  The  Ford  Plan,  which  guar- 
BlN  B  IJMBantees  satisfaction  and  sa>cs  you 
w  ■■  ■■  w  money  on  every  purchase.  Our  cat¬ 
alog  tells  about  it,  gives  descriptions  and  low  prices  on 
Best  varieties  Garden,  Flower  and  Field  Seeds,  Pota¬ 
toes,  Bulbs,  Trees,  Shrubs  and  Small  Fruit  Plants.  Con¬ 
tains  lots  of  testimonials  from  our  customers.  It’s  free. 

FORD  SEED  CO.,  Dept.  24,  Ravenna,  Ohio. 


1  AM  A  FARMER  and  have  FOR  BADE 

STRICTLY  CHOICE  CLOVER  SEED. 

Also  handle  Mammoth  and  Alsike  Clover,  Timothy 
and  Millet  Seed;  Reid’s  Yellow  Dent,  Learning, 
Boon  Co.  White,  Silver  Mine  and  the  big  Silo  fod¬ 
der  Seed  Corn.  Please  ask  for  samples  and  price. 
I  also  buy  all  kinds  of  seed.  L.  F  8TOKCKER, 
Farmdale  or  Peoria,  111.  Box  17. 


0ODSEEDS 

SBESTINTHEWORLD 

PRICES  BELOW  ALL  OTHERS 

I  give  a  lot  of  new  sorts  for 
’  trial  with  every  order  I  fill. 
|A  Grand  Big  Catalog  CjlCC 
:  Illustrated  with  over  EJU-Jj 
700  engravings  of  vegetables 
and  flowers.  Send  yours  and 

_  _ 'your  neighbors’  addresses. 

EL  H.  SHUMWAY,  Rockford.  Illinois 


Windmill  Knocked  Out 

by  Wonderful  Farm  Pump  Engine 


Up  and 
Coming  99 


Fight  to  the  Finish  Between  Farm 
Pump  Engine  and  Windmill 
Results  in  Absolute  Rout  of 
Unreliable  “Wind  Jammer” 

Little  Engine  Built  by  Fuller  &  Johnson  Especially 
for  Farm  Use,  Beats  Windmill,  to  a  Frazzle  in 
Pumping  and  Proves  a  Real  Champion  as  a  Gen¬ 
eral  Utility  Portable  Power  Plant  for  the  Farmer 

The  Farm  Pump  Engine  is  the  new  champion  of  the  farm.  In  a  fair 
fight  and  a  fight  to  a  finish  this  little  engine  has  met  the  windmill  on  its 
own  ground,  battled  against  odds  and  completely  knocked  out  the  unreliable 
wind  jammer”  in  every  point. 

Thousands  of  farmers  have  acted  as  referee  in  this  “fight  to  a 
finish.  They  have  watched  the  battle  closely  for  it  meant  money, 
time  and  labor  to  them.  These  thousands  of  farmers  unanimously 
award  the  championship  to  the  Fuller  &  Johnson  Farm  Pump  Engine. 

Ihere  never  was  a  question  about  who  the  winner  would  be  after  the 
first  round  of  the  battle,  for  the  little  engine  makes  the  windmill  look 
silly”  at  every  turn.  Some  days  when  the  wind  blows  just 
right  the  old  mill  gains  just  a  trifle  in  confidence,  but  even 
at  its  best  the  wind  jammer”  is  unable  to  keep  up  with  the 
Farm  Pump  Engine  either  in  water  pumped  or  work  done. 

}  l'e  little  engine  dances  through  every  day’s  work  just  as  if 
it  were  going  to  a  country  fair  celebration.  The  windmill, 
on  the  other  hand,  is  always  in  trouble  and,  when  not  en¬ 
tirely  out  of  commission,  either  has  trouble  getting  along  at 
all  or  is  kicked  along  at  such  high  speed  that  it  is  in  danger 
of  being  wrecked  at  any  moment. 

Actual  performances  in  thousands  of  test  cases  show 
that  the  little  F arm  Pump  Engine  will  outpump  the  windmill 
day-in-and-day  out,  five  to  one.  That’s  body  blow  No.  1, 
handed  out  by  the  new  champion  of  the  farm. 


CO 


LET  THIS  LITTLE  CHAMPION  DO 
YOUR  HARDEST  WINTER  WORK 

Set  this  “hired  man”  to  work  on 
your  farm  and  know  what  it  is  to  be 
free  from  winter  drudgery  chores. 
The  Fuller  &  Johnson  Farm  Pump  En¬ 
gine  will  win  out  in  a  “tight  to  the  fin¬ 
ish”  against  the  best  windmill  made; 
save  you  money,  time  and  labor  and 
leave  you  a  big  dividend  besides.  This 
little  engine  is  knocking  out  windmills 
on  hundreds  of  farms  because  it  does 
more  real  work  than  three  windmills, 
yet  costs  less  than  the  price  of  one. 


F 


I 


=  it 


fBSS  * 


m 

im 


Cm 


How  the  Championship  is  Clinched 


ENGINE  RUNNING  FANNING  MILL 


ENGINE  RUNNING  SPRAYER 


This  is  not  a  complete  knockout  however,  for  the  wind¬ 
mill  puts  up  the  defence  that  it  pumps  water  without  expense. 

Biff!  Bang!  Smash!  Just  as  the  haughty  windmill  makes 
this  proud  boast,  along  comes  a  thunderstorm  and  a  bit  of 
a  blow  and  the  “wind  jammer”  breaks  a  gear,  putting  it 
entirely  out  of  commission  until  expensive  repairs  are 
secured  from  town.  These  repairs  cost  enough,  in  money, 
labor  and  time  lost,  to  buy  gasoline  for  the. Farm  Pump 
Engine  for  more  than  a  year. 

Hardest  Worker  on  the  Place 

Here’s  how  the  Farm  Pump  Engine  puts  in  the  day  on 
thousands  of  farms  in  every  corner  of  the  United  States: 
It  starts  to  work  on  the  pump  the  first  thing  in  the  morn¬ 
ing.  A  turn  of  the  flywheel  and  away  it  goes,  pumping 
water  at  the  rate  of  400  to  1000  gallons  per  hour.  It  does 
not  take  long  to  fill  all  of  the  water  tanks  in  the  barn,  feed 
lot  and  dairy. 

Then  it  is  unhooked  from  the  pump  and  set  at  the  task 
of  running  the  milking  machine.  This  work  over,  it  tackles 
the  job  of  running  the  cream  separator  or  the  churn.  Then 
“mother”  uses  it  to  run  the  washing  machine  and  the 
wringer  and  it  does  practically  all  of  the  work  except  hang¬ 
ing  the  clothes  out  to  dry.  In  the  afternoon  there  is  work 
to  be  done  in  the  workshop.  It  turns  the  grindstone  for 
an  hour  and  then  it  is  hooked  up  with  the 
emery  wheel  while  all  the  plows  on  the  place 
are  sharpened  and  polished. 

Hustles  for  “Mother”  Too 

The  Madam  sends  out  word  that  the  wood 
supply  is  getting  low  and  the  little  portable 
power  plant  is  harnessed  to  the  wood  saw 


\ 


Patented  in  U.  S.  A.  June  to,  1909.  Also  Domin¬ 
ion  of  Canada  September  6,  1910,  and  other 
foreign  countries.  Other  patents  applied  for. 

If  you  want  to  do  the  biggest 
engine  business  in  town,  ask 
for  our  proposition. 


.while  a  half  cord  of  wood  is  prepared 
for  the  kitchen  stove.  Chore  time 
finds  the  Fuller  &  Johnson  Engine 
pumping  away  just  as  if  it  had  not 
done  a  tap  of  work  all  day. 

The  Fuller  &  Johnson  Farm  Pump 
Engine  will  do  the  work  of  a  hired 
man  every  day  in  the  year,  summer  DEALERS 
or  winter,  ram  or  shine,  light  wind  — — • 
or  heavy  blow.  It  runs  at  full  capacity  for  10  hours  on  a  few  cents’ 
worth  of  gasoline.  Think  of  it !  A  hired  man  who  takes  pennies  for  his 
pay  and  never  kicks  on  long  hours. 

The  Farm  Pump  Engine  comes  all  complete.  No  extras  to  buy.  It’s  all 
ready  to  go  to  work  in  15  minutes  after  it  is  unpacked.  Easy  to  operate. 
Any  child  can  start  or  stop  it  with  safety.  Compact,  self-contained  and 
perfectly  simple  in  construction.  Made  with  the  same  care  and  skill  as 
are  engines  used  in  automobiles.  Strong  and  sturdy,  yet  it  weighs  but 
240  pounds  and  can  be  moved  anywhere  on  the  farm  in  a  wheelbarrow. 

Send  for  Big  Free  Book 

Fill  out  coupon  or  send  postal  today  for  our  big  Free  Catalog  which 
gives  detailed  information  about  the  Fuller  &  Johnson  Farm  Pump  Engine. 

Do  not  wait  until  your  wind- 
mill  is  put  out  of  commission 
for  the  winter  by  the  first  bliz¬ 
zard  that  comes  along.  Write 
today  and  let  us  tell  you  the 
name  of  nearest  dealer  where 
you  can  see  this  wonderful  little 
engine  at  work. 

I  f  interested  in  larger  engines,  write 
for  Catalog  of  Fuller  &  Johnson  Famous 
Double-Efficiency  Engines. 


FULLER  &  JOHNSON  MFG.  CO. 


ENGINE  PUMPING  ANU  RUNNING  WASHER  AND  CREAM  SEPARATOR 


Established  1840 

1  ROWLEY  STREET 


Engine  Book  Coupon 

FULLER  &  JOHNSON  MFG.  CO. 

I  Rowley  Street,  Madison,  Wis. 

Please  send  books  checked  below: 


Name . 


Town. 


R.  P,  D.  No. 


.State. 


MADISON,  WIS. 


( ISo) 


Pump  Engine  Book  □  | 
<  Double  Efficiency 

»  ■  *  ■  ■  mm  ■  ■  ■  ■  la  mm  al 


64 


THAT  CORN  CONTEST. 

Remarks  from  Indiana. 

The  proposed  corn  contest  between  the 
East  and  the  West  might  result  in  much 
good  to  both  sections.  If  it  is  true  that 
the  East  can  grow  over  100  bushels  flint 
corn  per  acre  on  their  soils,  long  tilled, 
then  we  of  the  West  want  to  know  how 
they  do  it.  We  do  not  do  so  with  our 
large-eared  dents  which  run  from  14  to 
10  ounces  to  the  ear.  If  we  get  80  or  90 
bushels  we  think  it  a  big  crop.  In  1875  I 
told  a  New  York  farmer  that  the  corncobs 
of  Western  corn  were  larger  than  the  ear  of 
flint  corn,  cob  and  all.  There  must  have 
been  a  great  change  since  then  in  one  or 
the  other.  There  are  two  difficulties  in 
the  way  that  I  hardly  know  how  to  re¬ 
concile.  One  is  in  setting  the  price  mat¬ 
ter.  Corn  here  is  worth  about  35  cents 
per  bushel  (ear  corn  68  pounds).  It  is 
never  sold  shelled — always  in  the  ear.  The 
other  is  the  distance  between  sections 
would  make  it  very  inconvenient  for  esti¬ 
mates.  Yet  we  need  something  to  spur 
us  Westerners  to  better  farming.  The 
average  Hoosier  farmer,  if  put  on  a  New 
York  farm  that  has  been  in.  cultivation 
over  100  years,  would  go  to  the  wall 
quickly,  while  the  live  Yankee  farmer  on 
our  rich  river  soils  would  soon  have  a 
competence.  J.  h.  haynes. 

Indiana. 

R.  N.-Y. — Only  one  Western  man  (from 
Iowa)  has  yet  offered  to  come  into  the 
contest.  Eastern  corn  growers  will  grow 
some  large  crops  anyway.  In  such  a  con¬ 
test  we  should  insist  upon  a  scientific 
test  for  the  yield.  It  would  not  answer 
to  measure  the  yield  in  baskets  or  simply 
weigh  it.  We  are  not  trying  to  see  how 
much  water  can  be  stuck  to  a  corncob. 
There  must  be  a  fair  amount  of  corn  taken 
as  a  sample,  and  analyzed  to  find  the 
amount  of  water,  and  then  the  whole  thing 
figured  down  to  a  basis  of  12  per  cent  of 
water  and  no  more.  That  would  be  fair 
to  both  sides.  Many  of  the  so-called  corn 
yields  are  guesses  or  weights  of  wet  corn 
without  any  definite  standard  for  compari¬ 
son. 

Kansas  Is  Heard  From. 

If  The  II.-N.  Y.  persists  in  her  eastern 
corn  bluff  to  the  Western  States  we  may 
feel  under  obligations  to  show  her  a  thing 
or  two,  for  Kansas  is  considered  a  Western 
State,  though  she  should  be  in  a  class  all 
by  herself.  What  Kansas  might  do  under 
remarkable  conditions  is  still  left  for  the 
future  historian  to  pen.  But  that  she  can 
excel  all  other  States  in  production  un¬ 
der  adverse  conditions  has  been  proven 
many  times  beyond  the  school  boy’s  count. 
We  still  have  corn  and  cobs  to  show,  with 
premiums  three  years  in  succession,  how  a 
neglected,  almost  abandoned  piece  of 
ground,  produced  96  bushels  of  corn  per 
acre  without  manure  or  fertilizer,  with 
two  cultivations,  and  several  harrowings. 
Then  next  year  adjoining  100  bushels  with 
one  cultivation  and  two  harrowings.  This 
corn  was  produced  under  very  unfavorable 
conditions,  so  much  so  that  neighbors 
planting  the  same  day,  a  few  rods  away, 
produced  less  than  10  bushels  per  acre  of 
very  inferior  stuff.  This  corn  was  sold  as 
seed  to  farmers  at  $1  per  bushel,  but  we 
charged  bankers  $1.50  and  had  orders  we 
refused  to  fill  as  far  off  as  Oklahoma.  Now 
Is  it  all  climate.  State,  soil  or  conditions? 
But  isn’t  there  something  in  “the  man  be¬ 
hind  the  gun?”  Just  as  you  will  find  in 
those  great  milk  records,  it  isn’t  all  of  tho 
cow’s  doings.  john  e.  hinshaw. 

Kansas. 

It.  N.-Y. — We  are  not  taking  about  seed 
corn  sold  at  high  prices  or  estimated 
yields.  Our  proposition  is  to  grow  dry 
shelled  corn  with  not  over  12  per  cent  of 
water  and  sell  it  not  for  seed  but  for  ac¬ 
tual  food  in  the  nearby  market.  The  fod¬ 
der,  too,  is  to  count.  If  Mr.  Hinshaw 
thinks  this  is  a  bluff,  will  he  come  into 
the  game  with  one  or  10  acres? 


NEW  YORK  STATE  FRUIT  GROWERS’ 
ASSOCIATION. 

The  best  meeting  ever  held  in  this  State 
by  a  horticultural  society  was  called  to  or¬ 
der  on  the  morning  of  January  4  and  was 
continued  without  the  least  abatement  of 
interest  until  late  afternoon  of  the  6th. 
This  association  is  growing  very  rapidly  in 
numbers  with  a  corresponding  financial 
strength,  and  still  more  rapidly  in  strength 
of  purpose  to  protect  the  fruit  growers 
and  extend  the  industry.  It  not  only 
places  the  most  up-to-date  information  be¬ 
fore  its  members  at  its  annual  meeting, 
but.  holds  an  eastern  meeting  at  Pough¬ 
keepsie  every  Winter  and  a  Summer  field 
meeting  each  year  in  localities  where  the 
growers  can  see  what  others  are  doing,  and 
compare  methods.  Nor  does  it  stop  here. 
It  sends  out  several  crop  reports  each  sea¬ 
son  that  members  may  keep  in  touch  with 
the  prospects  from  the  various  fruit  centers 
and  be  in  a  position  to  know  the  value  of 
their  fruit  when  selling  time  comes.  The 
secretary  not  only  gathers  data  from  the 
members,  but  gets  reports  from  reliable 
sources  all  over  the  country,  and  the  crop 
reports  of  this  association  have  proved  as 
near  correct  as  any  reports  published.  They 


THE  RURAh  NEW-YORKER 


January  21, 


have  saved  thousands  of  dollars  to  mem¬ 
bers.  The  association  also  handles  fer¬ 
tilizers  and  spraying  chemicals  for  the 
benefit  of  its  members. 

The  Geneva  Station  filled  two  long  tables 
with  fruit  and  a  small  exhibit  illustrating 
methods  of  propagation.  Beside  many 
standard  varieties  shown  they  exhibited 
many  of  their  ww  seedlings,  most  of 
them  being  crosses  on  Ben  Davis  by  Jona¬ 
than,  McIntosh.  Esopus  and  Mother.  It 
will  take  some  time  to  determine  the  hardi¬ 
ness,  habit  and  capacity  of  the  trees  of 
these  crosses,  and  until  this  is  determined 
it  will  be  impossible  to  judge  the  merits 
of  any  of  these  varieties.  The  association 
offered  liberal  prizes  to  be  competed  for 
by  members  with  New  York  State  fruit 
only.  There  were  29  exhibitors,  and  all 
things  considered  I  believe  it  was  the  finest 
show  of  fruit  ever  exhibited  at  one  of  these 
meetings.  The  exhibit  of  boxed  apples  was 
very  fine,  and  it  was  hard  to  make  people 
believe  it  was  not  Oregon  or  Washingtpn 
grown.  For  the  best  three  boxes,  fruit, 
packing  and  package  to  be  considered,  there 
were  prizes  of  $10,  $6  and  $4,  and  the 
winner  of  first  also  won  the  silver  cup 
offered  by  B.  G.  Pratt.  W.  S.  Teator,  of 
Upper  Red  Hook,  won  first  and  cup  ;  Henry 
D.  Lewis,  Annandale,  second,  and  Leslie 
Farmer,  Medina,  third.  Some  very  fine 
boxed  fruit  was  shown  that  was  not  placed, 
and  the  collections  and  single  plate  ex¬ 
hibits  contained  some  extra  fine  apples. 
The  fruit  was  judged  by  students  from 
Cornell,  and  awards  were  made  by  scoring. 
They  were  very  careful  in  their  work,  and 
with  one  or  two  exceptions  all  the  exhibi¬ 
tors  seemed  satisfied. 

The  Wolcott  Fruit  Growers’  Association 
exhibited  several  plates  of  apples  in  the 
non-competitive  class,  and  D.  Maurice 
Wertz,  of  Waynesboro,  Pa.,  showed  extra 
fine  specimens  of  Ben  Davis,  Mammoth 
Blapk  Twig.  Grimes,  York  Imperial  and 
Jonathan.  Some  of  these  varieties  seem  to 
need  a  longer  growing  season  than  we 
have  in  New  York  to  come  to  their  full 
development.  Bartlett  pears  as  hard  as 
they  were  when  picked  were  shown  by  the 
Brighton  Cold  Storage  Co.,  and  in  the 
competitive  pear  class  Sheldon  and  Flem¬ 
ish  Beauty  were  shown  in  good  condition. 

Cornell  University  had  a  good  box  pack¬ 
ing  exhibit  in  charge  of  students  under 


Prof.  Wilson,  and  the  crowds  that  gath¬ 
ered  around  this  booth  would  seem  to  in¬ 
dicate  an  increasing  interest  in  the  box 
package  among  New  York  growers.  Dif¬ 
ferent  style  boxes,  a  packing  table  and 
box  press  were  shown,  and  all  the  steps 
in  the  operation  were  carried  on  by  the 
students.  The  plant  pathology  and  ento¬ 
mological  exhibits  from  Cornell  and 
Geneva  came  in  for  their  full  share  of 
attention,  and  those  in  charge  were  kept 
busy  giving  out  the  latest  information  m 
their  lines  to  the  older  growers  and  start¬ 
ing  new  beginners  on  the  right  road  to 
insect  and  fungus  control. 

The  manufacturers  of  orchard  machin¬ 
ery  and  spraying  rigs  and  materials  were 
out  in  force  and  did  a  very  large  business. 
There  was  dynamite  to  clear  the  land, 
plows  and  other  tools  to  subdue  it,  and  a 
ditching  machine  to  open  drains  through 
it.  Two  gasoline  power  tractors  were  ex¬ 
hibited.  Actual  work  in  the  field  and  or¬ 
chard  will  point  out  the  defects  and  sug¬ 
gest  changes  in  these  tractors  that  will 
soon  bring  them  to  a  practical  basis  where 
for  the  large  farmer  and  orchardist  they 
will  be  more  economical  than  horse  power. 
Power  spraying  rigs  were  out  in  greater 
numbers  than  ever  before,  and  practical 
improvements  are  constantly  being  added 
to  these  machines.  Hand  pumps,  nozzles 
and  shut-off  devices  added  to  the  display, 
with  every  agent  claiming  superiority  for 
his  goods.  Insecticide  manufacturers  were 
out  in  full  force,  with  concentrated  lime- 
sulphur  and  arsenate  of  lead  the  leaders. 
The  popularity  of  lime-sulphur  was  shown 
by  the  large  sale  of  hydrometer  sets  for 
testing  it.  The  oil  sprays  are  still  in  the 
field  however  and  some  fine  boxed  fruit 
was  shown  by  the  manufacturers  to  show 
the  results  from  the  use  of  sulfocide  and 
like  sprays.  There  were  also  exhibits  of 
pruning  tools  and  ladders,  and  basket 
manufacturers  were  out  extra  strong,  some 
showing  boxes  in  addition  to  their  basket 
displavs.  Nurserymen  are  realizing  the  op- 
portunitv  for  making  sales  these  meetings 
afford  them  and  are  turning  out  stronger 
every  year.  If  all  their  customers  could 
receive  trees  as  good  as  those  shown  their 
complaint  departments  could  be  shifted  to 
their  order  filling  forces.  Many  exhibits 
had  to  be  turned  away  from  lack  of 
room.  6-  k.  s- 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  gifarantee  page  16. 


Silver  King 

Potatoes 


If  you  have  read  Mr.  C.  I.  Hunt’s  account  of  his 
potato  crop  you  will  be  interested  in  trying  the 
varieties  he  raised.  Two  of  them.  Silver  King  and 
Pan  American,  Mr.  Hunt  bought  of  us.  We  intro¬ 
duced  these  varieties  and  have  pure  seed  at  very 
reasonable  prices. 

We  also  have  many  other  varieties  of  both  early 
and  late  potatoes,  as  well  as  seeds  of  all  kinds, 
including 

SOY  BEANS— Early  varieties  grown  in  New 
York  State. 

ALFALFA— Very  high  quality  seed,  free  from 
dodder  and  weed  seed,  and  99  per  cent.  pure. 

VETCHES,  OATS,  high  grade  SEED  CORN 
and  vegetable  and  farm  seeds  of  all  kinds. 

Please  ask  for  our  Catalogue — FREE. 

JOSEPH  HARRIS  CO.,  Box  31,  Coldwater,  N.Y, 


K 


I 


Fresh,  pure,  reliable,  and  hand  selected- 
such  are  Gregory’s  Honest  Seeds.  Try 
these  extremely  profitable  varieties:— 
Symmes  Blue  Hubbard  Squash,  Vickery’s 
Forcing  Cucumber,  Gregory’s  Imp.  Orig¬ 
inal  Crosby  Corn,  Imp.  Yellow  Globe 
Onion.  Will  double  previous  profits. 
Free— Gregory’s  New  Catalogue 
One  of  the  finest  seed  books  published  and 
much  the  most  helpful.  Write  to-day  for 
1911  copy — sent  only  when  asked  for. 

J.  J.  H.  GREGORY  &  SON, 

1  4  Elm  St,  ,  Marblehead, 

^HONEST:' 

|E£E 


WATCH  FOR  OUR  ANN  O  UN  CEMENTS 
OF  OUR  OTHER  PRIZE  WINNERS 


If  you  have  nob  received  a  copy  of  our  handsome 
ANNUAL  MEMORANDUM  bools,  we  shall  he  glad 
to  send  you  one  If  you  mention  Rural  New-Yorker. 


There 
Were 
2000 
Perfect 
£ars 
[on  the 
Pyramid 

from  12)4  to 
14  inches 
long. 


There 
Were 
3000 
Perfect 
Ears 
on  the 
Cone 

none  of  them 
less  than  12 
inches  long. 


GOLD  MEDAL  CORN  GROWN  ON  PERUVIAN  VEGETABLE  GROWER 


On  One  Acre  of  Flint  Corn  Mr.  Bates  Raised 
One  Hundred  Seventy-Three  and  Three- 
Tenths  (173.3)  Bushels  of  Ears  Weigh¬ 
ing  70  Pounds  to  the  Bushel 

Allowing  43  per  cent  for  moisture  and  cob,  and  reducing  to 
12  per  cent  moisture  basis  (average  moisture  in  crib-dry  corn) 
we  find  that  Mr.  Bates  produced 

One  Hundred  Forty  and  Three-Tenths 
Bushels  (140.3)  of  Shelled  Corn  Per  Acre 

(56  lbs.  of  shelled  com  to  the  bushel) 


The  yield  was  certified  to  by  three  competent  men  (as 
sworn  to  by  them  before  the  clerk  of  the  courts  at  Worcester, 
Mass.)  The  Worcester  Magazine  says: — 

“The  authorities  present  at  the  Com  Show  give  this  yield  the 
credit  of  excelling  any  record  of  Flint  Corn  in  this  country. 
Truly  a  wonderful  tribute  to  Mr.  Bates’s  skill  as  a  farmer, 
to  New  England  soils,  and  to 

PERUVIAN  VEGETABLE  GROWER 

with  which  this  remarkable  crop  was  raised. 

If  you  are  a  business  farmer  you  ought  to  know  more 
about  Peruvian  Vegetable  Grower,  the  Highest  Grade  Corn 
and  Vegetable  Fertilizer  on  the  market. 


MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY 


THE  COE-MORTIMER  COMPANY, 

Sole  Manufacturers  of  E.  Frank  Coe  Fertilizers  and  Peruvian  Brands 


24-26  Stone  Street, 
NEW  YORK  CITY 


THE  ONLY  GOLD  MEDAL 

Given  at  the  Great  Nezv  England  Corn  Exposition, 

Held  at  Worcester,  Mass.,  November 7th  to  12th,  was  awarded  to 

Hon.  Theodore  C.  Bates 

NORTH  BROOKFIELD,  MASS. 

For  CROP  and  for  EXHIBIT 

Those  who  visited  the  Com  Exposition  will  recall  the  Great  Pyramid  and  Great  Cone  of  Corn  near  the  entrance. 


GOLD  MEDAL  CORN! 


1911. 


THE  RURAL*  NEW-VORKEB 


85 


THE  “CLARK”  PLAN  OF  GRASS  CUL¬ 
TURE. 

T.  F.  L.,  Scranton ,  Pa. — I  have  a  farm 
of  about  200  acres.  I  am  no  farmer,  and 
will  not  begin  farming  now  along  the  line 
of  general  cropping.  Iam  advised  by  those 
who  think  they  know  that  this  farm  is  one 
of  the  best  farms  in  the  country  for  Tim¬ 
othy  hay,  and  I  would  like  very  much  to 
see  it  tried.  The  land  has  not  been 
plowed  for  about  20  years ;  on  many  acres 
it  is  overgrown  with  weeds.  The  land 
lies  well  for  mowing ;  a  mower  can  easily 
be  run  over  every  acre.  I  would  like  ad¬ 
vice  as  to  best  method  of  fertilizing  to 
restore  the  land  speedily,  kind  of  fertilizer, 
quantity  per  acre,  etc.  I  learn  from  one 
of  your  subscribers  that  you  at  times  have 
articles  in  your  paper  from  a.  Axr.  Clark 
who  makes  a  specialty  of  Timothy  hay. 

Ans. — This  is  a  fair  sample  of  many 
letters.  There  are  men  who  have  a  farm 
or  a  piece  of  land.  They  cannot  give  it 
personal  attention  and  grow  a  rotation 
of  crops,  but  they  want  to  make  the  land 
earn  something  if  possible.  Hay  farm¬ 
ing  offers  such  men  an  opportunity. 
Geo.  M.  Clark,  the  “Connecticut  grass 
man,”  is  dead.  He  produced  large  crops 
of  hay  and  kept  it  up  year  after  year, 
but  his  methods  were  expensive,  and 
required  great  skill  and  care.  His  plan 
was  to  give  the  land  most  thorough 
preparation,  grade  it  to  a  level,  use  a 
large  amount  of  fertilizer  and  seed 
heavily  to  grass  seed  alone  in  late  Sum¬ 
mer  or  early  Fall. 

Starting  with  such  soil  as  is  described 
above  Mr.  Clark  would  select  as  much 
as  he  could  handle  well  with  team  and 
tools  and  follow  one  of  two  methods. 
One  would  be  to  plow  early  and  sow 
oats  with  a  good  dressing  of  fertilizer. 
These  oats  would  be  cut  early  and  the 
stubble  worked  up  with  plow  or  disk, 
and  kept  worked  again  and  again  until 
late  in  August.  The  oat  crop  will  help 
break  up  the  old  sod  and  give  an  in¬ 
come.  Mr.  Clark  did  not  plow  the  sod 
or  oat  stubble  with  a  turning  plow,  but 
used  a  Cutaway  or  disk.  This  chopped 
up  the  sod  and  tossed  rather  than  turned 
it  over.  The  object  of  this  Is  to  kill  out 
the  weeds  and  old  grass  instead  of  turn¬ 
ing  them  under  to  grow  again.  When¬ 
ever  any  green  growth  showed  in  the 
field  it  was  worked  with  Cutaway  or 
harrow,  so  that  by  late  August  the  field 
is  in  fine  shape.  The  seed  is  put  in 
before  the  middle  of  September,  15 
quarts  each  of  Timothy  and  Red-top 
seed,  with  four  quarts  of  clover  seed 
added.  For  fertilizer  a  mixture  of  equal 
parts  nitrate  of  soda,  fine  bone,  muriate 
of  potash  and  acid  phosphate  will  “make 
grass  grow.”  Mr.  Clark  used  an  aver¬ 
age  of  800  pounds  of  such  a  mixture  per 
acre.  The  first  was  used  when  seeding 
down  and  the  remainder  annually,  half 
in  late  Summer  and  the  remainder  in 
early  Spring.  In  this  way  the  fields  were 
kept  in  grass  for  six  or  seven  years, 
yielding  four  tons  and  more  per  acre. 
The  other  plan  mentioned  would  be  to 
leave  out  the  oats  and  begin  at  once  on 
the  old  sod,  tearing  it  up  and  killing  out 
the  old  growth  to  seed  in  September  as 
described  above. 

This  method  costs  considerable  in 
preparation  and  fertilizer,  but  it  will 
make  strong  and  permanent  meadows. 
After  they  are  well  started  the  labor  of 
cutting  and  handling  the  hay  crops  will 
probably  be  less  than  with  any  other 
crop  of  equal  value.  There  is  no  pres¬ 
ent  indication  that  hay  will  be  much 
lower  in  price.  The  market  for  good 
hay  seems  secure.  We  would  advise  a 
liberal  use  of  lime  before  seeding  down. 
The  best  time  to  use  the  lime  would  be 
just  after  the  sod  or  the  stubble  is 
broken  up  for  the  first  time.  The  sub¬ 
sequent  working  will  mix  the  lime  thor¬ 
oughly  in  the  soil.  The  first  crop  of 
grass  after  such  seeding  is  generally  dis¬ 
appointing^  It  is  very  thick,  but  too 
short.  With  later  growth  it  thins  out 
somewhat  and  grows  longer. 


AGREEMENT  WITH  FARM  SUPERINTEN¬ 
DENT. 

Those  who  undertake  proxy  farming  or 
attempt  to  run  a  farm  through  a  manager 
or  superintendent  often  have  trouble  in 
drawing  up  a  satisfactory  agreement.  This 
ts  the  hardest  kind  of  farming  to  carry  on. 
ihe  owner,  usually  a  city  man  with  a 
business  which  fully  occupies  his  mind, 
does  not  often  realize  how  the  manager  is 
situated.  The  manager  thinks  his  rights 
are  interfered  with  by  the  wife  or  the 
owner.  There  are  a  dozen  ordinary  ways 
through  which  complaint  and  dissatisfac- 
following  agreement  was 
studied  out  by  such  a  “jiroxy  farmer”  in 
1  ennsylvania  and  is  submitted  here  for 
comment  and  discussion : 

“You  are  hereby  engaged  to  start . 

: . ,as  working  superintendent  upon  my 

farm  here,  at - dollars  per  day,  pay¬ 

able  on  or  before  the  fifth  of  each  month 
tor  the  preceding  month.  It  is  understood 
that  you  will  devote  your  full  time  to  my 
interests ;  be  responsible  for  the  good  care 
and  safety  of  the  live  stock,  crops,  build¬ 
ings,  and  equipment;  keep  a  day  book  of 
sales,  purchases,  breeding  of  stock,  plant- 
tngs  and  harvests;  and  do  whatever  else  is 
required  and  necessary  in  a  faithful,  hon¬ 
est  and  intelligent  manner  to  the  best  of 
yom-  ability  and  as  I  may  direct. 

\  ou  will  be  supplied  with . quarts 

of  milk  per  week,  and  firewood  for  six  ) 


months,  between  April  1  and  October  1,  and 
kindling  wood  for  the  balance. 

“There  will  be  reserved  for  your  use  a 

space  of  ground . feet  by . feet  for 

a  truck  patch,  and  where  you  may  keep 

not  more  than . chickens  of  any  dark 

feathered  breed,  the  produce  from  which  is 
not  to  be  sold  or  given  away  without  my 
consent,  it  being  intended  for  your  table 
exclusively. 

“You  will  be  allowed  to  occupy,  only  as 
a  place  of  residence  for  yourself  and  wife, 
all  of  the  frame  house  on  the  farm,  except 
the  rear  room  in  the  second  story,  which 
I  reserve  for  myself  or  employees,  with  the 
right  of  ingress  at  all  times. 

“When  _  you  cease  to  work  for  me  you 
are,  within  '24  hours,  to  surrender  posses¬ 
sion  of  the  premises  in  as  good  order  and 
repair  as  now  is,  reasonable  wear  and  tear 
and  damage  by  accidental  fire  excepted,  and 
will  remove,  or  cause  to  be  removed,  all 
ashes  or  refuse,  and  failing  to  so  sur¬ 
render  the  premises,  uy  attorney  as  at¬ 
torney  for  you  will  at  my  request  sign  an 
agreement  for  entering  in  court  an  amicable 
action  and  .judgment  in  ejection  (without 
any  stay  of  execution  or  appeal)  against 
you  for  my  repossession,  without  any 
liability  on  the  part  of  such  attorney  for 
which  this  shall  be  a  sufficient  warrant : 
Thereupon  a  writ  of  habere  facias  pos¬ 
sessionem  may  issue  forthwith,  and  you 
release  to  me  all  errors  and  defects  in  such 
action  and  agree  that  no  writ  of  error  or 
exception  shall  be  made  ;  and  a  filing  of  a 
copy  of  this  agreement  makes  it  unneces¬ 
sary  to  file  the  original  as  a  warrant  of 
attorney,  any  law  or  rule  of  court  to  the 
contrary  notwithstanding. 

“Within  30  days  after  the  completion  of 
each  year  of  continuous,  satisfactory  and 
efficient  service  I  will  pay  you,  in  addi¬ 
tion  to  your  wages,  a  bonus  of  10  per  cent 
of  the  final  profits  from  the  farm  for  the 
preceding  fiscal  year. 

“If  after  you  have  been  with  me  a  year 
there  arises,  through  no  fault  of  yours,'  the 
necessity  for  discharge  before  the  comple¬ 
tion  of  the  second  or  any  subsequent  years, 
you  will  be  paid  the  10  per  cent  bonus,  of 
the  final  profits  from  the  farm,  for  that 
portion  of  the  year  which  you  have  served 
me ;  but  no  bonus  will  be  paid  should  your 
employment  cease  for  any  cause  before.... 

“The  profits  will  be  determined  by  the 

total  income  from  crops . 

and  hogs,  less  all  costs  and  expenses  of 
conducting  farm  ;  interests  ;  taxes  ;  insur¬ 
ance  ;  an  allowance  of  15  per  cent  of  the 
inventory  value  to  cover  depreciation  of 
farm  buildings,  horses,  machinery  and 
equipment ;  and  a  further  allowance  equal 
to  10  per  cent  of  the  profits  to  cover  ma¬ 
terial  and  wages  to  special  mechanics  to 
construct,  repair  and  paint  new  and  old 
buildings,  pens,  fences,  machinery,  drains, 
piping,  etc.,  that  I  consider  necessary  to  the 
equipment  and  general  upkeep  of  the  farm. 
Upon  balance  then  remaining  the  bonus 
will  be  figured. 

“The  labor  to  make  improvements  to  my 
house  and  farm,  attend  to  carriages,  horses 
and  harness  for  family  use,  go  to  station 
when  required,  and  care  for  kitchen  garden 
and  other  labor  of  a  personal  nature  which 
could  not  be  considered  as  necessary  to  the 
equipment  or  conduct  of  the  business  side 
of  this  enterprise,  shall,  when  special  me¬ 
chanics  are  unnecessary,  be  done  by  you 
and  the  men  under  you,  when  it  will 'in¬ 
terfere  as  little  as  possible  with  the  gen¬ 
eral  farm  work,  without  credit  to  said  10 
per  cent  allowance,  and  to  offset  this  noth¬ 
ing  will  be  deducted  from  the  profits  for 
my  services  in  buying,  selling  and  other 
time  devoted  to  the  business.  Expenses  for 
alterations  and  additions  to  my  house  other 
than  farm  labor,  will  be  assumed  by  me 
independently. 

“I  reserve  the  right  to  cancel  your  ap¬ 
pointment  at  any  time ;  and  when  you  leave 
you  are  to  surrender  the  property  en¬ 
trusted  to  your  care  in  as  good  condition 
as  now  is,  reasonable  wear  and  tear  and 
damage  by  accidental  fire,  excepted.  If  vou 
fail  satisfactorily  to  account  for  my  prop¬ 
erty,  or  I  believe  you  purposely  destroyed 
it  or  caused  it  to  be  destroyed,  a  reason¬ 
able  valuation  for  the  property  unsatis¬ 
factorily  accounted  for  or-  destroyed  would 
be  deducted  from  any  wages  or  other  money 
due  you. 

“If  your  services  are  unsatisfactory  the 
payment  of  wages  only,  as  in  the  first  para¬ 
graph,  without  bonus,  shall  be  accepted 
in  full  payment  of  all  my  obligations  un¬ 
der  this  letter.  If  I  am  convinced  vou 
have  done  your  best  to  serve  me,  you  can 
depend  upon  ample  notice  to  find  other 
work. 

“I  will  do  all  in  my  power  to  make  your 
position  agreeable  and  lasting.” 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
"a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  10. 


FAMILY  OF  FIVE. 

All  Drank  Coffee  From  Infancy. 


It  is  a  common  thing  in  this  country 
to  see  whole  families  growing  up  with 
nervous  systems  weakened  by  coffee 
drinking. 

That  is  because  many  parents  do  not 
realize  that  coffee  contains  a  drug — caf¬ 
feine — which  causes  the  trouble. 

“There  are  live  children  in  my  family/’ 
writes  an  Iowa  mother,  “all  of  whom 
drank  coffee  from  infancy  up  to  two 
years  ago. 

“My  husband  and  I  had  heart  trouble 
and  were  advised  to  quit  coffee.  We 
did  so  and  began  to  use  Postum.  We 
novv  are  doing  without  medicine  and  are 
entirely  relieved  of  heart  trouble. 

( Caffeine  causes  heart  trouble  when 
continually  used  as  in  coffee  drinking.) 

“Our  eleven-year-old  boy  had  a  weak 
digestion  from  birth,  and  yet  always 
craved,  and  was  given,  coffee.  When  we 
changed  to  Postum  he  liked  it  and  we 
gave  him  all  he  wanted.  He  has  been 
restored  to  health  by  Postum  and  still 
likes  it. 

“Long  live  the  discoverer  of  Postum !” 

Read  “The  Road  to  Wellville,”  in 
pkgs.  “There’s  a  Reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new 
one  appears  from  time  to  time.  They 
are  genuine,  true,  and  full  of  human 
interest. 


for  the  land’s  sake 

use  Bowker’s  fertilizers.  They  enrich 
the  earth  and  those  who  till  it.  It  pays 
the  farmer  to  buy  and  it  pays  the  agent 
to  sell  Bowker’s ;  the  former  because 
they  give  big  field  results,  and  the  latter 
because  their  national  reputation  and 
popular  favor  make  them  easy  to  sell. 

Forty  years  of  experience,  prompt  service, 
the  best  materials,  the  best  facilities  are  behind 
every  bag-  of  Bowker’s.  A  brand  to  fit  every 
crop  and  every  pocket  book. 

We  want  agents  wherever  we  are  not  now 
represented.  Write  today  for  prices  and  terms  ; 
this  may  mean  a  good  business  for  you  if  you  act 
at  once. 

Write  anyhow  for  our  illustrated  catalogue  and 
calendar.  We  want  you  to  know  Bowker’s  before  you 
buy  your  spring  fertilizer. 


BOWKER 


FERTILIZER  COMPANY, 
77  Lyman  St.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Original  and  largest  manufacturers  of  special  fertilizers. 


DC  Elf  EC  Dill  12  its  pleasures  and  profits,  is  the 
theme  of  that  excellent  and  hand¬ 
somely  illustrated  magazine,  OLE  AN  IX  G8  IN  BEE 
OULTUKE.  We  send  it  for  six  months  on  trial  for 
twenty-live  cents,  and  also  send  free  a  64-page  book  on 
bees  and  our  bee  supply  catalogue  to  all  who  name  this 
paper.  THE  A.  L  HOOT  CO.,  Box  65,  Medina,  Ohio. 


ENCOURAGE  THEBOYS 

^Boya  want  encouragement-^^ 
if  they  don’t  get  it  at  home  they 
rgo  elsewhere.  Teach  them  to  earn  their' 

"own  spending  money.  Growing  vegetables  V 
Is  Instructive,  interesting,  profitable  when 

tlMON AGEl^te 

are  used.  Our  No.  6  Combined  Hill  and  Drill 
Seeder  with  Marker  and  Double  and  Single 
Wheel  Hoe  is  a  wonderful  tool — can  be  used 
in  various  unusual  combinations.  Saves  time, 
labor  and  seed.  Price,  $12.  Other 
garden  tools,  $2.50  up.  Easy  to  * 
operate.  .Recommended  by  I 
gardeners  everywhere.  W  rite  * 
to-day  for  75th  Anniver- 
eary  Catalog— Free. 

BATEVAN  W  V  Q  CO. 

Box  102-0 
Grenloch,  N. « 


BUY  LIME  DIOW 


Hydrated 
lime  in  paper 
sacks,  carlots, 
for  $7.50  per  ton.  Lime  screenings  in  bulk,  from 
best  grade  of  burnt  lime,  $5.00  per  Ion,  f.  o.  b. 
cars  any  point  between  Buffalo  and  New  York 
on  main  lines  of  the  N.  Y.  Central,  Brie,  D.  L. 
&  W.  and  C.  R.  R.  of  N.  J.  Order  early  before 
the  great  demand  sets  in  and  delays  shipments. 

Address  J.  W.  BALLARD  CO.,  Bmphamton,  New  York. 


Get  This  Power ; 

— Back  to  the  old  reliable  LefTel  Steam  Power  1 
theory  from  hundreds  of  farmers  who  havo 
used  gasoline  engines.  There  are  many 
reasons.  Let  us  tell  you  them.  ~ 

LEFTEL  Steam 
Engines  and 
Boiiers 

have  proven  most  simple, 
dependable,  economical, 
durable  and  efficient, 

Writejpostal  now  for 
“The  Farmer’s  Pow¬ 
er.”  Address 

James  Leffel  8t  Co. 

Box  250, 

Springfield, 

Ohio 


A  Ren 

tarkable  Fu 

tel  Savinfif 

Farm  E 

aigine  15  D 

ays  FREE 

GAs?l;ne  18  wa7  UP  now.  Rom  6  to  16  cents  more  than  kerosene,  and  is  still  soaring 
1  he  big  automobile  demand  is  responsible  for  it.  What  will  you  do  if  your  engine 
wont  run  on  kerosene?  Better  be  on  the  safe  side.  Better  own  an  engine  that 

will  operate  on  either  kerosene  or  gasoline. 

Record  Breaking  PERFECTION  Kerosene  Engine 

,  V1?  PERFECTION  does  what  no  othor  engine  can  do.  It  vaporli.s  kerosene,  drawing 
a  bght  mist  through  tho  carbureter  so  that  it  has  the  same  force  as  gasolino  in  the  cylinder 
Tho  Perfection  is  light,  portable,  has  only  throe  moving  parts,  runs  everything  about 
the  placo,  operates  on  any  engino  fuel,  is  priced  lower  than  othors  of  the  same  size. 

1  5  Days’  Free  Trial  X°il  Can  havo  one  ot  theso  en8ines  for  15  days'  free  trial. 

.1,  •>  „  on  y°ur  dealer,  ask  him  to  show  you  the  “Perfec¬ 

tion  Ho  11  let  you  use  one  on  your  farm  for  15  days  and  if  you  find  that  it  is  not  as 
represented,  we  will  refund  cheerfully  every  dollar  paid  for  it  by  you.  Ask  for  our 
Free  Engine  Book  or  if  your  dealer  does  not  carry  the  “Perfection"  write  to  us  direct. 

Caille  Perfection  Motor  Co.,  211  Second  Ave.,  Detroit,  Mich 


GALLOWAY 


SAVES  YOU 
$50  to  $300 

his, or/  1  litre  °f,?ngme  1  sel.1  has  ever  been  made  before  in  all  Gasoline  Engine 

en.°.  *™S£&r**  am  reafon.:.  1  turn  ,heni  out  all  alike  by  the  thousands  in  my 
L.  t  ‘  S  m  .[n  factory ,  equipped  with  automatic  machinery.  I  sell  them  direct  to  vou 
for  lea  money  than  some  factories  can  make  them  at  actual  shop  cost  J 

y.ou  Pax  me  for  actual  raw  material,  labor  and  one  small  profit  (and  I  buy  my 

material  ;n  enormous  quantities).  y  y 

Anybody  can  afford  and  might  just  as  well  have  a  high  grade  engine  when  he 

dtte  before0  “TWnktff  tl?iS  kSnd-  r™  doinZ  something  that  never  was  Z^^A 

in/be/  u,n  b,,Tl  k.  Mt  1 .  A  ?rice. to  y°u  that  is  lower  than  dealers  and  ZZZ'a&Z- 
jobbers  can  buy  similar  engines  for,  in  carload  lots,  for  spot  cash.  wy 

„  ,  eng‘ne  that  is  made  so  good  in  the  factory  that  I  will  send  " 

°  i  y'Lhe,re  *?  t,he  U-  s-  without  an  expert  to  any  inexperienced 
°“  30  days  free  trial,  to  test  against  any  engine  made  of 
iT.u  bors  e-power  that  sells  for  twice  as  much,  and  let  him  ,  ,  , 
be  the  judge.  Sell  your  poorest  horse  and  buy  a 

5"Hm-Pm  Only  $119,50 


Get  Gaiioway'i 
Biggest  and  Bes 

BOQi 


GASOLINE 
ENGINE 

Write  today  for  tny  beautiful  new  50-page  Engine  Book  in  foui 
colors,  nothing  like  it  ever  printed  before,  full  of  valuable  information, 
showing  how  I  make  them  and  how  you  can  make  more  money  with  a 
gasoline  engine  on  the  farm.  Write  me — 

Wm.  Galloway „  Pres.,  Wm.  Galloway  Com 
B85  Galloway  Station,  Waterloo ,  Iowa 


66 


THE  RUR.A-1>  NEW-YORKER 


January  21, 


You  Owe  This 

to  Your  Family 

All  wise  people  agree  that  a  home  in  the 
country  is  better  than  a  home  in  the  city. 
But  some  country  homes  miss  one  great  com¬ 
fort  that  even  the  poor  have  in  the  city  and 
that  is  good  light. 

Bor  nearly  a  hundred  years  city  people 
have  been  keeping  their  homes  bright  and 
cheerful  by  using  gaslight.  Von  can  now  have 
this  greatest  of  all  city  comforts  in  your 
country  home — because,  light  for  light,  it  is 
cheaper  than  kerosene  if  you  use  the 


OLT 


t*adj 


Acetylene 
Generator 


Over  200,000  country  homes  are  now  made 
pleasant  aud  cheery  by  home-made  gas.  You 
want  your  family  to  be  as  comfortable  as 
any.  Why  not  investigate  this  important 
matter. 

The  U.  S.  light-houses  have  been  using  this 
Colt  light  for  seven  years.  It  is  the  safest 
light  made.  Insurance  experts  all  endorse 
it.  It  requires  only  15  minutes  work,  once  a 
month.  A  boy  can  do  it  all.  This  Colt  light 
is  the  best  improvement  you  can  add  to  your 
property.  It  will  pay  you  to  write  today  for 
our  book,  17  on  “Modern  Lighting."  Write 
for  it. 

J.  B.  COLT  CO. 

69A  Murray  St.,  New  York 


The  Improved  MONITOR 


MAKES  IRONING  EASY  AND  A  PLEASURE  ] 

Pronounced  “The  World’s  Best’’  by  over  275,000  | 
satisfied  customers.  No  hot  stove— easy  to  operate. 
Beat  regulated  instantly.  SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED. 

Highest  in  quality  —lowest  in  price.  I 
Highly  polished  and  nickel  plated. 

AGENTS  WANTED. 
Write  for  catalogue  and  terms. 
Tho  Monitor  Sad  Iron  Co.  | 
28  Wayne  si.,  Big  Prairie,  0. 


4  FLOOD  OF  LIGHT 


BROWN’S 

Bronchial  Troches 

for  over  half  a  century  have  been  recognized 
throughout  the  world  as  the  most  convenient 
and  effectual  remedy  for  coughs,  hoarseness  and 
all  throat  affections.  Free  from  opiates— Over 
fifty  years  in  use. 

Price,  25c,  50c  and  $1.00.  Sample  free 
John  I.  Brown  &  Son  _  Boston,  Mass. 


USED  ON  TWO  HEMISPHERES 

“Whatever’s  worth  doing,  is  worth  doinj 
well,”  evidently  is  the  policy  of  our  good 
friends  The  Johnston  Harvester  Co.  Thjs 
policy  is  carried  out  in  the  making  of  their 
widely-known  quality  farm  machinery,  which 
enjoys  the  implicit 
confidence  of  tba 
farmers  of  bo  t  h 
hemispheres,  also  in 
building  the  Johns¬ 
ton  catalog  for  19 i i. 

The  cover-page  of 
Catalog  is  one  of  the 
most  attractive  seen 
this  season — a  strik¬ 
ing  country  scene  in 
a  tasteful  combina¬ 
tion  of  colors;  the 
same  good  taste  and 
knowledge  of  the  es¬ 
sentials  of  catalog¬ 
making  are  shown  in  the  inner  pages, 
where  tools  and  parts  are  reproduced  from 
photographs.  The  book  is  replete  -with  in¬ 
teresting  facts  about  farm  machine  history 
—a  valuable  addition  to  any  farm  library. 

The  catalog  illustrates  and  describes 
Johnston  Grain  Binders,  _  Reapers,  Rakes, 
Manure  Spreaders,  Spring  and  Spike 
Tooth  Harrows,  Side-Delivery  Rakes,  Land 
Rollers,  Corn  Binders,  Mowers,  Tedders, 
Hay  Loaders,  Disc  Harrows  and  Orchard 
Harrows. 

Readers  of  this  paper  who  are  interest¬ 
ed  in  strictly  first-class  farm  machinery, 
should  write  Johnston  Harvester  Co.,  Box 
100  R,  Batavia,  N.  Y.,  for  this  catalog,  or 
lor  booklets  _  pertaining  to  the  individual 
machines  of  interest. — -Adv. 


FARM  FACTORIES  FOR  NITROGEN. 

8.  6.  11.,  Candlish,  Tex.— On  page  1095 
you  print  an  article  on  cyanamid.  Is  this 
far  enough  perfected  so  one  can  procure 
the  apparatus  for  making  the  preparation 
on  the  farm,  and  thus  obviate  freight 
charges?  If  so,  where  can  I  get  the  ma¬ 
chine,  or  find  out  about  it  further?  I 
have  gasoline  engine — six  horse-power — and 
it  occurs  to  me  I  may  be  able  to  use  same 
in  making  a  fertilizer. 

Ans.— No,  the  plan  would  not  be  pos¬ 
sible  for  ordinary  farm  power.  It  is 
only  feasible  when  worked  on  a  large 
scale  with  expensive  machinery  and 
great  capital.  The  outfit  is  usually  lo¬ 
cated  near  a  strong  water  power  and  is 
a  complicated  process.  We  understand 
that  a  plant  of  this  sort  is  to  be  estab¬ 
lished  in  New  England.  The  best  nitro¬ 
gen  factory  for  the  average  farmer  is 
to  be  found  in  a  field  of  clover,  Alfalfa, 
beans  or  peas.  These  will  take  the  ni¬ 
trogen  from  the  air  and  put  it  in  such 
form  that  a  farmer  can  use  it  where 
he  wants  it. 


/  Aladdin  MANTLE  Larr 

//  BURNS  KEROSENE  (Coat  Oi. 


Produces  powerful,  Vhite,  more  brilliant 
light  than  city  gas,  gasolene  or  electricity- 
simple,  noiseless,  odorless,  clean,  safe,  dur¬ 
able  —  comp  let  e  success  —  recognized 
world’s  standard.  Fully  Guaranteed. 

T.  H.  BALL,  California,  SOLD  850 

On  money  back  guarantee — not  one  returned, 
^^^JIc.E.  Kramer  made  $700  in  6odays.  Completellne 
Df  lamps  and  chandeliers  for  homes,  offices  and  public  places. 
Ask  nearest  office  for  agency  proposition  or  how  to  get  lamp  free 
MANTLE  LAMP  CO.  OF  AMERICA,  Dept 
Okie**©,  PortUad, Pro-,  Waterbary ,  Conn.,  Wlnnlpeg^Bfong^CsasdA. 


FROM  Kt:WO<# 
(COAL  CIL 


Lime  for  Cabbage, 

I  have  about  five  acres  of  low  land, 
poorly  drained,  and  foul  with  quack  and 
weeds,  that  I  wish  to  set  to  cabbage. 
Would  a  moderate  application  of  lime,  say 
1000  or  1200  pounds  to  the  acre,  help  the 
cabbage?  If  so,  what  kind  would  be  best? 

New  York.  F.  w. 

Cabbage  responds  to  lime,  and  such  soil 
needs  lime  in  an  active  form.  We  should 
use  at  least  one  ton  of  burned  lime' — that 
is  lump  lime  slaked.  Our  advice  is  to  burn 
this  field  over  before  plowing — then  broad¬ 
cast  the  lime  and  harrow. 


Bringing  Up  Wet  Clay  Soil. 

What  is  to  be  done  with  a  wet  clay  soil 
that  is  so  of?  What  crop  will  adapt  itself 
to  such  soil?  Will  it  do  for  fruit  trees 
and  what  kinds?  No  coal  under  the  farm, 
but  has  been  mined  near  by.  The  farm  is 
not  level,  iron  ore  has  been  taken  out  at 
one  time.  The  farm  will  have  to  be  sold 
or  taken  hold  of  by  some  one  who  will  doc¬ 
tor  it  up  a.  c.  s. 

Beaver,  Pa. 

Drainage  and  lime  are  probably  most 
needed.  A  wet  clay  can  never  produce 
good  crops  without  thorough  drainage,  but 
when  well  drained  it  will  prove  very  pro¬ 
ductive.  Such  soils  are  usually  sour.  In 
such  a  case  we  would  use  burned  lime,  one 
ton  or  more  per  acre,  and  this  in  connec¬ 
tion  with  draining  will  fit  that  soil  so  it 
will  produce  grain  and  grass  and  fruit. 


Corn  Growing  in  Vermont 

I  attended  the  corn  show  at  Worcester, 
Mass.,  which  was  an  eye  opener.  It  was 
just  what  the  New  England  people  need, 
something  to  wake  them  up  and  show  them 
the  possibilities  of  corn  growing  here. 
Corn  can  be  made  one  of  the  most  profitable 
and  largest  of  the  grain  crops  grown  on 
our  New  England  soil.  Our  Champlain 
Valley  is  noted  for  large  hay  crops,  and 
there  is  no  reason  why  the  farmer  should 
not  raise  his  own  grain  and  not  depend 
on  the  West  for  it.  Raise  some  good  flint 
variety  ;  dent  corn  is  not  adapted  to  this 
section.  My  method  of  raising  corn  has 
generally  been  to  manure  a  piece  of  my 
meadow  land  that  needed  new  seeding, 
spreading  about  15  two-horse  loads  to  the 
acre,  and  turning  the  manure  under,  plow¬ 
ing  in  the  Fall  if  clay  land.  If  loam  land 
plow  as  convenient,  Spring  or  Fall.  As 
early  in  the  Spring  as  the  land  is  suitable 
to  work  I  commence  to  work  my  corn  land, 
harrowing  it  as  many  different  times  as  I 
can  find  the  time  before  it  is  time  to  plant. 
I  do  not  plant  my  corn  until  I  consider  ray 
land  well  fitted.  Before  using  the  smooth¬ 
ing  harrow  the  last  time  before  planting,  I 
sow  broadcast  400  pounds  of  some  good 
fertilizer,  and  harrow  in ;  then  mark  the 
land  oYu  feet  each  way.  or  use  a  check¬ 
row  planter,  and  get  my  corn  planted  by 
May  20  if  possible.  Go  over  your  corn 
piece  with  the  weeder  before  the  corn 
comes  up,  and  keep  using  it  until  the 
cultivator  will  do  the  best  work.  Then 
use  cultivator  until  corn  is  too  large  to 
work  in.  Do  not  let  the  weeds  get  a  start. 
Eternal  vigilance  and  clean  culture  is  the 
price  of  corn.  The  corn  show  has  aroused 
a  good  deal  of  interest  among  the  farmers 
of  this  section,  and  I  think  more  corn 
than  usual  will  be  planted  this  year.  This 
valley  between  the  lake  and  the  mountains 
the  whole  length  of  the  State  has  a  great 
future  in  fruit  growing.  Addison  County 
shipped  more  apples  last  Fall  than  ever  in 
its  history.  No  better  keeping  or  finer 
flavored  apples  can  be  found  in  the  United 
States.  I  hope  to  see  a  good  deal  in  The 
R.  N.-Y.  the  coming  months  about  Vermont, 
its  corn,  fruit,  etc.  If  Vermont  was  ad¬ 
vertised  like  many  Western  States  people 
would  be  flocking  here  by  .the  hundred  to 
buv  farms.  We  are  coming  to  the  front 
and  won’t  be  called  the  “Bashful”  State 
much  longer.  c.  H.  J. 

Middleburg,  Vt. 


DIBBLE’S  FARM  SEEDS 

are  of  just  one  grade,  the  best  obtainable  regardless  of  cost.  The  best  is  none  too  good 
for  the  American  Farmer.  If  you  want  cheap  seeds,  buy  of  the  other  fellow;  we  do  not 
grow  or  handle  them,  and  yet  we  sell  to  you  the  very  highest  grade  of  seed  potatoes,  com, 
oats,  alfalfa,  clover,  timothy,  etc.,  at  prices  so  low  that  every  business  farmer  can  afford 
to  buy  of  us  because  a  large' part  of  the  seeds  we  sell  we  ship  direct 

From  Our  Seed  Farms  to  Yours 

We  live  in  the  best  farming  section  of  the  Empire  State,  have  over  1,600  acres  in  onr  own 
seed  farms;  own  our  own  warehouses,  360  feet  in  length,  built  especially  for  the  storage 
of  seed  potatoes  and  farm  seeds;  have  our  own  private  railroad  switches  from  the  New 
York  Central  and  Lehigh  Valley  Railroads,  and  do  not  pay  liigh-priced  city  rents.  Each 
member  of  our  firm  is  a  practical  farmer.  Seeds  are  tested by  us  in  field  culture,  and 
we  know  the  farm  seeds  we  sell  are  the  best  that  money  will  buy. 

Dibble’s  Alfalfa  seed  produced  on  one  of  our  farms  last  year,  alfalfa  to  the  value  of 
over  $100  per  acre. 

Our  D.  B.  brand  clover,  alfalfa  and  grass  seed  are  the  best  obtainable— purity  and 
germination  unexcelled.  We  grow  hundreds  of  tons  of  hayon  our  seed  farms  annually, 
and  know  that  no  better  seed  can  be  purchased  at  any  price. 

We  have  over  60,000  bushels  of  seed  potatoes,  31  new  and  standard  varieties  in  store, 
and  the  best  varieties  of  corn,  oats,  barley,  etc.,  adapted  to  the  Middle  and  Eastern  States. 

We  unhesitatinglv  state  that  Dibble’s  farm  seeds  have  made  good,  as  in  twenty 
years  the  business  has  grown  from  less  than  $500  the  first  year  to  such  magnitude  that 
we  are  now  considered  the  largest  growers  and  dealers  in  strictly  farm  seeds  in  America. 

Good  seeds— careful  attention  to  business— square  dealing— have  built  this  business 
up  to  its  present  magnitude. 

Our  1011  Catalog,  the  leading  Farm  Seed  Book  of  the  year,  is  yours  for  the  asking ; 
also  absolut  ely  FREE  the  two  new  books  written  by  Mr.  Dibble,  entitled,  “Dibble  on  the 
Potato”  and  “Dibble  on  Alfalfa.” 

- ADDRESS - 

EDWARD  F.  DIBBLE,  Seedgrower,  Box  B,  Honeoye  Falls,  N.  Y. 


Weed  Seeds  Grow! 


That  this  is  true  every  farmer 
knows,  but  what  YOU  want  is  the 
BEST  SEEDS  THAT  CAN  BE  GROWN !  Such  are  the  only  seeds  produced  and 
sold  by  BURPEE,  Philadelphia.  Shall  we  mail  you  a  copy  of  our  Complete  New 
Catalog  for  1911  ?  It  is  a  Safe  Guide  to  Success  in  Gardening  and  is  free  to 
all  who  realize  that  in  seeds  "the  Best  is  the  cheapest."  Write  to-day!  Address 

W.  Atlee  Burpee  &  Co.,  Burpee  Buildings,  Philadelphia, 
The  Largest  Mail-Order  Seed  House  in  the  World. 


You’ll  appreciate  my  new 
1911  seed  catalog.  It  gives 
full  descriptions  of  the  choicest  and 
most  profitable  farm  and  garden 
varieties  and  shows  photographs  of 
actual  results  obtained  from  these 
«eeds.  Also  valuable  information 
about  how  to  get  the  best  results. 

Write  for  it  today.  I’ll  send  it  free  if 
you  mention  The  Rural  New-Yorker. 

For  10c  in  stamps  or  coin  I’ll  also  send 
you  three  10c  packets  of  seeds,  one  each 
of  my  unequaled  Bonny  Best  Early 
Tomatoes,  Stokes  Sugar  Sweet  Musk- 
■elon  and  Stokes  Standard  Sweet  Peas. 

Walter  P.  Stokes 

Dept  L,  219  Market  St.,  Philadelphia 


BEAUTIFULLY  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOG 

144  Large  Pages — Mailed  Free 


(.About  %  Natural  Size ) 

ESCHSCHOLTZIA  THORBURNI 

(California  Poppy) 

HARDY  annual.  Sow  outdoors  in  Spring. 
The  grandest  of  all  Eschscholtzias.  The 
unopened  buds  on  outer  side  of  petals 
are  of  the  deepest  crimson,  toning  down  on  the 
inner  side  to  bright  flame  color  and  molten 
gold.  We  will  mail  a  packet  of  this  valuable 
novelty  and  a  copy  of  our  beautiful  catalog— 
the  best  Seed  annual  published  in  America — for 
only  lO cents,  stamps  or  coin.  (Regular 
price  of  Seed,  15  cents  packet.)  Write  today. 

J.  M.  THORBURN  &  CO. 

DEPT.  ¥ 

33  BARCLAY  ST.,  NEW  YORK 


_ tested  seed  of  known  vitality 

and  high  yielding  strain.  Why  take 
chances  when  you  can  buy  our  Blue 
Ribbon  Seeds— all  prize  seeds— as 
low  or  lower  than  others.  Don’t 
buy  any  seeds  until  you  read  our 
new,  valuable  book 

“The  Gateway  to 
Success” —  FREE 

Crowded  with  information  every 
farmer  and  gardener  needs.  Explains 
low  prices,  describes  our  complete 
large  stocks  of  fine  Clovers  and 
Grass  Seeds,  Alfalfa,  Seed  Com, 
Oat*,  Cow  Peas,  Millet,  Sorghum, 
Rape,  Soja  Bean*,  Potatoes,  Onion 
Sets,  etc.,  besides  the  finest  Vege¬ 
table  and  Flower  Seeds,  Lawn 
Grass.  Write  for  free  book  and  low 
prices  quick  while  stocks  are 
complete.  We  fill  all  orders  the  day 
they  are  received  and  guarantee 
seeds  true  to  name  and  descriptions 


WOOD,  STUBBS  &  CO., 

Louisville.  Ky. 


I/Iflf’C  Garden 
Villi  3  and  Floral 


GUIDE 


For  1911 

Tells  all  that  is  worth  knowing  about  Vegetable. 
Flower  and  Farm  Seeds,  Plants,  Berries,  Fruit  ami 
Ornamental  Trees.  You  need  the  Guide  to  make 
your  garden  or  farm  a  success.  A  copy  is  ready 
for  you.  Send  for  it  to-day.  It  is  free. 

JAMES  VICK’S  SONS.  430  Main  St..  Rochester. N  Y. 


CATALPA 


SPEGIOSA 
TREES 


Wine  are  true  to  name.  Write  for  Free  booklet  which  tells 
all  about  the  ISO  acres  I  am  growing  for  telephone  poles. 

H.  C.  ROGERS,  Box  11,  Mechanicsburo,  Ohio. 

Hardy  Highland  Nursery  Stock 

Acclimated  to  Northern  climate.  Always  true  to 
label.  No  scale  ever  found  in  our  Nursery.  Send 
forcatalog.  L.M.  EMPIE,  Box  A,  Johnstown,  N.Y. 

SALESMEN  WANTED 

-  - 8  for  terms.  PERRY  NURS. 

TO  SELL  TREES  AND  PLANTS  ERIES,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Peach  and  Apple  Trees 

For  fall  or  spring  planting.  Prices  right;  stock 
right.  MYER  &  SON.  Bridgeville,  Del. 

JL  THAT  YIELD.  Our  Sensation  Oats 

■  ■  MJL  I  breaks  all  records.  Nothing  like  it. 

Also  SEED  CORN.  Samples  and  cat- 
lone  free.  THEO.  BURT  &  SONS,  MELROSE,  OHIO 

Fruit  Trees  From  the  Grower. 

Save  middlemen's  expense  and  get  them 
fresh  dug.  Catalog  free. 

WM.  J.  REILLY.  NURSERYMAN.  OAHSVILLE,  N  Y. 

For  Best  EXTENSION  LADDER  “  532?,’.““ 

JOHN  J.  1>«TTEU,H  Mill  St.,  Binghamton,  X.  Y. 

WARFIELD  STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  for  $1-00  per  1,000. 

Sen.  Dunlap  for  $2.00  per  1,000.  Catalogue  free. 
100  varieties.  J.  G.  PKESTAGE,  Allegan,  Micli. 

CfID  CHI  E-Canada  Peas, $1.85bushel;  Alas' 
rUll  OALk  ka  Peas,  $4.0C  bushel;  Cow  Peas, 
$2.25  bushel;  Crimson  Clover  Seed,  $8.50  bushel. 
Sow  Canada  lJeas  and  Oats  in  Mareli  and  harvest 
a  crop  of  Hay  in  May.  Onion  Sets  at  $2.2.>  per 
bushel.  JOSEPH  E.  H0LLAN0.  Millard.  Del. 


1911. 


0f 


PLANT  FOOD  VALUES  OF  FEED. 

In  England,  when  a  farm  changes 
tenants,  the  question  of  “unexhausted 
manurial  values”  must  be  considered. 
This  means  that  the  outgoing  tenant 
must  be  paid  for  the  plant  food  left  in 
the  soil  from  the  grain  which  he  has 
bought  and  fed.  He  is  not  at  liberty 
to  take  away  any  manure,  but  if  he  can 
prove  that  he  has  within  the  previous 
two  years  bought  and  fed  grain,  bran, 
cotton-seed  meal,  linseed  or  similar  food 
he  receives  a  credit  for  such  food.  This 
custom  is  so  general  that  there  is  an 
Association  of  Agricultural  and  Tenant 
Right  Valuers,  members  of  whicli  go 
about  making  valuations  when  tenants 
leave  a  farm.  There  have  been  _two 
methods  of  computing  such  value.  One 
was  to  estimate  the  cost  of  the  food 
and  make  a  proportionate  value  based 
on  the  amount  of  plant  food  supposed 
to  be  left.  The  othei  plan  is  to  make 
a  standard  price  for  nitrogen,  potash 
and  phosphoric  acid,  much  like  our 
American  trade  values  of  chemicals, 
and  figure  from  these  prices  based  on 
the  analyses  of  the  feeds.  The  last 
named  plan  is  considered  fairest.  Under 
the  first  plan  if  the  tenant  could  show 
that  he  had  bought  and  fed  feed  to  the 
value  of  $500  during  the  last  year  he 
had  the  farm  he  would  be  credited  with 
$250  as  “unexhausted  value.”  This  is 
not  fair,  because  it  is  easy  to  see  that 
$50  worth  of  cornmeal  could  not  pos¬ 
sibly  give  the  manurial  value  of  $50 
worth  of  cotton-seed  meal.  The  com¬ 
mon  plan  now  followed  is  to  assume 
that  one-half  the  nitrogen,  three-fourths 
of  the  phosphoric  acid  and  all  the  potash 
in  the  food  consumed  during  the  last 
year  the  tenant  held  the  farm  will  be 
found  in  the  manure,  and  that  the  next 
year  only  half  of  this  will  remain  in 
the  soil.  On  this  basis  it  is’  figured  that 
a  ton  of  cotton-seed  meal  should  contain 
6.9  per  cent  of  nitrogen,  3.1  of  phos¬ 
phoric  acid  and  2  per  cent  of  potash. 
At  the  ruling  price  one-half  this  nitrogen 
would  be  worth  41.5  shillings,  three- 
fourths  the  phosphoric  acid  seven  shill¬ 
ings,  and  the  potash  eight,  or  56  shill¬ 
ings,  or  about  $14,  and  this  would  be 
credited  to  the  outgoing  tenant.  If  the 
tenant  had  fed  a  ton  of  cotton-seed 
in  the  year  before  the  last  he  would  be 
credited  with  $7  for  the  plant  food  left 
in  the  soil.  In  like  manner  a  ton  of 
corn  would  be  credited  $3.50  for  the 
first  year  and  $1.75  for  the  year  before. 
We  have  not  yet  come'  in  this  country 
to  any  such  elaborate  estimates,  but 
the  tendency  in  all  good  farming  regions 
is  to  consider  plant  food  as  cash.  The 
“Mark  Lane  Express”  contains  a  re¬ 
port  of  a  lawsuit  over  a  manure  pile. 
An  incoming  tenant  on  an  English  farm 
found  a  pile  of  manure  for  sale,  and  en¬ 
gaged  a  valuer  to  put  a  price  on  it. 
This  price  was  set  at  about  $40  and  was 
paid.  It  was  found  later  that  this 
"manure”  pile  was  composed  largely  of 
road  scrapings,  and  the  tenant  sued  the 
valuer  for  giving  too  high  a  value.  After 
a  long  trial  the  tenant  lost. 

Metal  Roofs  and  Lightning. 

E.  .4.  P .,  Chatham,  Pa. — Some  of  the 
manufacturers  of  iron  roofing  claim  that  if 
connected  with  the  ground  by  wire  it  af¬ 
fords  the  best  protection  against  lightning. 
What  do  you  think  of  this?  ‘Does  the  iron 
roof,  without  the  wire  connection,  increase 
the  risk  over  a  shingle  roof?  Is  the  wire 
connection  of  any  benefit? 

Ans. — A  metal-covered  building,  roof 
and  sides,  and  well  connected  with  the 
ground,  is  ideally  protected  against 
lightning.  A  metal  roof,  well  connected 
with  permanently  moist  earth,  is  also 
well  protected  against  lightning.  The 
metal  roof  unconnected  with  the  ground 
is  not  essentially  more  dangerous  than 
an  ordinary  roof,  but  the  roof  should 
be  well  connected  with  the  ground. 
One  of  the  best  methods  is  to  use  strips 
of  galvanized  sheet  iron  riveted  and 
soldered  to  the  roof  and  riveted  and 
soldered  together,  carried  down  the 
sides,  and  the  end  terminating  in  per¬ 
manently  moist  soil,  riveted  and  sol- 


THE  RURAL? 

dered  to  a  strip  of  of  the  same  metal 
some  two  feet  square  laid  flat  on  the 
bottom  of  the  hole  and  the  earth  filled 
in  over  it.  The  wider  the  strips  and 
the  more  of  them,  the  more  complete  is 
the  protection.  They  ought  not  to  be 
less  than  four  inches  wide,  and  two  of 
them  on  opposite  sides  of  the  building 
which  is  metal  roofed,  would  constitute 
fair  conductors.  f.  h.  king. 

Alfalfa  after  Rye. 

•7.  F.  F.,  Bedminster,  Pa. — I  have  an  acre 
of  well-drained  gravelly  loam  that  is  seeded 
to  rye.  I  took  a  crop  of  rye  off  it  Summer 
of  1910,  let  ragweed  and  a  small  amount 
of  clover  grow  there  until  September  26. 
That  day  I  gave  it  a  good  coat  of  barn¬ 
yard  manure.  I  plowed  weeds  and  manure 
under,  prepared  a  good  seed  bed  and 
seeded  down  to  rye,  using  200  pounds  of 
fertilizer,  analysis  available  phosphoric  acid 
12  per  cent,  potash  five  per  cent.  If  I 
harvest  the  rye,  lime  the  acre  and  seed  to 
Alfalfa,  can  I  expect  a  stand?  Clover 
grows  x’eadily  when  season  is  favorable.  I 
am  told  that  no  farmer  is  rich  enough  to 
pasture  a  field,  that  cattle  take  more  fer¬ 
tility  off  in  a  single  season  than  a  farmer 
can  haul  on  in  a  Winter  of  barnyard 
manure.  Is  this  true?  I  have  the  time 
and  the  help.  Would  you  advise  me  to 
haul  out  the  barnyard  manure  upon  the 
sod  field  that  I  intend  to  plow  for  corn  in 
the  Spring? 

Ans. — You  ought  to  have  a  good 
chance  to  start  Alfalfa  on  that  field  after 
the  rye.  Use  plenty  of  lime,  and  if  you 
can  get  soil  from  an  old  Alfalfa  field 
use  it.  As  for  pasturing,  it  depends  on 
what  kind  of  stock  you  keep.  Of  course 
the  plant  food  contained  in  the  milk 
would  be  taken  from  the  field,  and  if  the 
cows  were  stabled  at  night  half  the 
manure  would  also  be  taken.  If  the 
stock  should  be  beef  cattle  or  sheep 
the  loss  to  the  field  would  be  what  they 
carry  away  in  their  bodies,  as  meat, 
bone  and  wool.  During  a  series  of 
years  this  loss  would  be  considerable. 
In  the  West,  where  live  stock  were 
pastured  for  many  years,  the  far  >s 
ran  down  through  lack  of  phosphoric 
acid,  which  was  taken  from  the  soil  in 
the  bones  of  live  stock.  In  dairy  dis¬ 
tricts  there  is  usually  a  marked  differ¬ 
ence  between  sections  where  entire  milk 
is  sold  and  where  butter  is  made,  for 
the  milk  contains  far  more  plant  food 
than  the  butter.  If  the  sod  field  is 
fairly  level  and  there  is  no  surface  wash 
over  it  we  would  haul  out  the  manure 
this  Winter. 


NEW-YORKER 


Express  Rates. — Your  inquiry  in  regard 
to  express  companies  causes  me  to  write 
you.  I  sent  a  package,  10  pounds,  to 
South  Bend,  70  cents,  also  a  package,  four 
pounds,  to  Freeport,  Ill.,  60  cents.  I  am 
inclined  to  think  this  must  have  been  an 
extra  rate  so  the  express  company’s  Christ¬ 
mas  present  to  their  employes  should  come 
from  the  general  public.  The  Lord  loves 
a  cheerful  giver,  so  I  suppose  we  ought 
not  to  complain.  j.  w.  e. 

Pittsburg,  Pa. 

These  Steel  Shingles 

Are  Guaranteed 

Against 
Lightning! 


We  stand  ready 
to  make  good 
this  olaim  with 
a  $10,000  guar¬ 
antee  bond. 

Edwards  Interlocking 
“REO”  Steel  Shingles 

are  stamped  tn  best  Bessemer  steel  and 
come  In  sheets  5  to  12  feet  long  and  24  Inches 
wide.  Patent  Interlocking  device  gives  abso¬ 
lutely  moisture-proof  seams,  which  will  not 
bulge  or  pull  apart. 

Easy  for  Anyone  to  Lay 

You  can  lay  Edwards  Interlocking  “Reo” 
Steel  Shingles  yourself  on  any  sort  of  roof. 
Hammer  only  tool  needed.  Can  be  laid  on 
rafter  boards  or  old  shingles.  Look  well 
on  building. 

Write  for  FREE  Catalog  No.  173 

We  are  the  largest  manufacturers  of  all 
kinds  of  Iron  and  steel  roofing  and  sell  to 
you  at  lowest  prices.  Our  free  catalog  con¬ 
tains  valuable  information.  Senddimenslons 
of  your  building  and  we  will  quote  you  exact 
cost  of  a  Reo”  Steel  Shingle  loot  delivered 
to  your  station. 

We  want  one  representative  In  every  com¬ 
munity  to  take  orders  for  Edwards  Inter¬ 
locking  ’Reo”  Steel  Shingles.  Write  today. 

Tha  Edwards  Manufacturing  Co. 

123  173  Lock  St.  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

The  World's  Largest  Manufacturers  of  Steel 

Shingles,  Metal  Roofing,  Metal  Ceiling,  eta 


DAILY 

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OVER 

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ALPHA 

PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


h  hex  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  Sec  guarantee  page  16. 

JDMPIRE  FENCE 

let  the  genuine  EMPIRE  big 
wire  fence,  direct,  at  wholesale. 
‘.Save  dealer’s  profits. 

Big  Factory,  Big 
Sales,  23  Styles 

No  traveling  salesmen,  small 
,  —  expense,  prices  low.  Every- 
-  thing  guaranteed.  Free  samples  by 
mall.  Prices  of  leading stylesfrelght  pre¬ 
paid  to  all  points  north  of  the  Ohio  and 
- east  of  the  Mississippi  River: — 

Wires  Inohoshigh  Medium  Weight  Extr»  he»Tj(»ll  No.9) 

,j>  39  23c  per  rod  37c  per  rod 

10  47  26c  per  rod  41o  per  rod 

12  65  S2c  per  rod  49c  per  rod 

Special  rates  beyond  this  territory. 

BOND  STEEL  POST  CO.,  23  E.  Mauuee  St.,  Adrian,  Mich. 


MARKET  GARDENERS’  PAPER 

Weekly  Market  Growers’  Journal — only  paper  printed 
especially  for  vegetable  growers.  $1.00  a  year,  62  is¬ 
sues.  For  10  cents  and  names  of  three  market  gardeners 
we  will  send  it  ten  weeks  with  our  popular  booklet, 
“$25,000  a  Year  From  Twelve  Acres.”  Send  for  free 
sample  copies — it  is  the  best  way  to  judge. 

Market  Growers'  Journal,  541  Walker  Bldg.,  Louisville,  Ky. 


Heaviest  Fence  Made 
Heaviest  Galvanizing 
We  make  160  styles.  Horse 
cattle,  sheep,  hog,  and  bull 
prooffences  made  of  No.  9 
double  galvanized  wires 
and  absolutely  rust  proof 
Bargain  Prices: 

14  cents  per  Rod  Op 
Poultry  and  Rabbit  Proof 
Fences,  Lawn  Fences  and 
Gates.  Send  for  Catalog 
and  Free  sample  lor  test. 
The  Rrown  Fence  St  Wire  Co. 
Dept,  59  Cleveland,  Ohio 


SlkVAPVt  TREE 


WMM 

1  Vi  ih.  .it.  1 


25c 


48  IN.F^„C/ 

Best  high  carbon  coiled  steel 
wire.  Easy  to  stretch  over 
hills  and  hollows.  FREE 
Catalog — fences,  tools.  Buy 
from  factory  at  wholesale 
prices.  Write  today  to  Box  67, 
MA80.V  FENCE  CO.,  LEESBURG,  0. 


Cents  a  Rod 


For  18-In.  14  3-4e  for  22-In.  Hog 
Fence;  loe  for  26-lnch;  18  8-4e 
for  32-Inch;  25e  for  a  47-lnch 
Farm  Fence.  48-Inch  Poultry 
fence  28  l-2e.  Sold  on  30  days 
trial.  80  rod  spool  Ideal  Barb 
Wire  $1.45  Catalogue  free. 

KITSELMAN  BROS., 
Box  230  NN  UNCI E,  IND. 


FENCE 


Strongest 
Made — 

Maideof  High  Carbon  Double  Strength 
Colled  Wire.  Heavily  Galvanized  to 
prevent  rust.  Have  no  agents.  Sell  at 
factory  prices  on  30  days’  free  trial. 
We  pay  al  I  freight.  37  heights  of  farm 
and  poultry  fence.  Catalog  Free. 

COILED  SPRING  FENCE  CO. 
Box  263  Winchester,  Indiana. 


_  LAWN  FENCE 

Many  Styles.  Sold  on  trial  at 
wholesale  prices.  Save  20 
to  30  per  cent.  Illustrated 
Catalogue  free.  Write  today. 

KITSELMAN  BROS. 

Box  440  Munoie,  Indian. 


LAWN  FENCE 

I  Many  designs.  Cheap  as 
wood.  82  page  Catalogue 
I  free.  Special  Prices  to 
I  Churches  and  Cemeteries. 
LCoiled  Spring  Fence  Go. 
’Box  314  Winchester.  Ind. 


FROST 
WIRE  FENCES 

A  Heavy  Pence  made  of  Hard  wire, 
bull!  with  one  purpose  in  view, 
0  0  of  lasting  and  ■atfsfactory 

'*  *  ^  service.  No  repairs.  Free  catalog 
upon  request.  Ask  your  dealer. 

THE  FROST  WIRE  FENCE  CO. 

Dept.  H  CLEVELAND,  0. 


One  Animal  and  Three  Hogs 

to  an  Acre 

THIS  is  a  fair  estimate  of  the  average  feeding  ability  of 
the  soil.  On  a  farm  of  80  acres  the  highest  limit  of 
efficiency  is  20-acre  fields.  Large  fields  diminish  the 
earning  power  because  two  small  fields  alternated  will  furnish 
much  more  support  for  stock  than  the  same  average  in  one  big 
field.  The  fence  is  the  important  factor;  and  with  the  liberal 
use  of  gates,  unlimited  extension  and  alternation  is  simple. 

The  steel  in  Ellwood  fence  is  specially  as  to  prevent  sagging.  The  small  and 


made  from  carefully  selected  stock. 
It  is  hard,  elastic,  tough  and  springy. 
The  line  wires,  composed  of  two  or 
more  wires  twisted  into  cables,  give 
each  individual  wire  the  shape  of  an 
elongated,  coiled  spring.  The  fence  is 
therefore  sufficiently  elastic  to  take 
care  of  expansion  and  contraction,  and 
yet  so  rigid  when  properly  stretched 


permanent  mesh  is  made  by  weaving 
one  continuous  wire  throughout  the 
fabric.  The  mesh  or  stay  wires  are  so 
interwoven  that  slipping  is  impossible. 
The  triangular  truss  fs  the  strongest 
form  of  construction  known.  For  this 
reason.  Ellwood  fence  will  stand  the 
hardest  usage  and  still  retain  its 
shape. 


Ellwood  Fence  is  sold  in  your  town.  J^wooddia® 

er  and  let  him  show  you  his  different  styles  offence  and  quote  you  his  low 
prices.  Get  his  expert  advice  on  your  special  needs.  He  is  on  the  spot, 
buys  in  large  quantities,  gets  the  lowest  carload  freight  rates,  demonstrates 
quality  before  your  eyes  and  is  the  man  from  whom  you  will  get  the  most 
for  your  money. 

FRANK  BAACKES,  Vice  President  and  General  Sales  Agent 

American  Steel  &  Wire  Co. 

Chicago  New  York  Denver  San,  Francisco 

Sendfor  copy  of  “Ellwood Fence News"  profusely  itlustrated.devoted  to  thelnteresls  of  farmers  and  show- 
tng  how  fence  may  be  employed  to  enhance  the  earning  power  of  a  farm,  furnished  free  upon  application. 


08 


THE  KURAI>  NEW-YORKER 


January  21, 


Concrete  Corncrib  Floor. 

The  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture, 
in  a  recent  bulletin  on  the  rat,  gives  the 
following  directions  regarding  concrete 
floors  for  the  granary  and  corncrib : 
Corn  mature  enough  to  store  will  not 
mold  in  contact  with  a  cement  floor. 
To  build  the  corn  house  shown  in  cut 
below  choose  a  well-drained  site.  Exca¬ 
vate  a  trench  for  an  eight-inch  concrete 
foundation  wall  around  the  outside  of 
the  building  and  to  the  depth  of  two 
feet.  With  box  forms  of  one-inch  sid¬ 
ing  on  2x4-inch  studding,  carry  this 
eight-inch  wall  to  a  height  of  12  to  18 
inches  above  ground  level,  depending 
upon  the  height  of  the  drag-belt  con- 


CORN-CRIB  WITH  CONCRETE  FLOOR. 


veyors  used  by  local  corn  shellers.  (All 
concrete  floors  should  rest  on  a  fill 
bringing  them  entirely  above  the  sur¬ 
rounding  ground).  See  that  the  forms 
line  up  and  test  them  by  means  of  a 
carpenter’s  level.  On  a  tight  mixing 
board  mix  the  concrete  one  part  Port¬ 
land  cement  to  2J4  parts  sand  and  five 
parts  crushed  rock  (or  one  part  Port¬ 
land  cement  to  five  parts  bank-run 
gravel),  all  measurements  by  volume, 
based  on  one  bag  of  loose  cement  being 
equal  to  one  cubic  foot.  Fill  the  forms 
with  concrete  thoroughly  wet  and  do 
not  remove  them  for  four  days. 

There  are  several  ways  of  attaching 
the  studding  to  the  concrete  floor.  One 
of  the  simplest  and  easiest  is  the  nail¬ 
ing  sill  or  plate,  generally  a  2x6-inch 
piece,  bolted  to  the  concrete  foundation 
wall.  For  such  a  sill,  while  the  con¬ 
crete  is  still  soft,  set  five-eighths-inch 
bolts  eight  to  10  inches  long,  head  down, 
three  inches  in  from  the  outer  edge  of 
the  foundation  wall  and  projecting  2V* 
inches  above  the  concrete.  These  bolts 
should  be  spaced  not  more  than  three 
feet  apart. 

After  the  forms  are  removed  place  a 
well  rammed  fill  of  coarse  gravel  or 
crushed  rock  between  the  foundation 
walls  and  within  four  inches  of  the  top. 
When  the  fill  is  thoroughly  settled  com¬ 
mence  placing  the  four-inch  floor,  bring 
surface  of  floor  flush  with  top  of 
foundation  wall  and  with  a  straight  edge 
round  it  up  slightly  in  the  center.  Dress 
it  down  with  a  wood  float,  and  when 
the  cement  begins  to  stiffen,  smooth  the 
surface  with  a  steel  trowel.  Build  the 
floor  early  enough  in  the  season  that  it 
may  be  thoroughly  dried  before  grain 
is  stored  on  it. 


FERTILIZING  APPLE  ORCHARDS. 

The  Pennsylvania  Experiment  Station 
conducted  some  careful  experiments  on 
apple  production.  Among  other  things  in¬ 
vestigated  was  the  question  of  what  chemi¬ 
cals  to  use  in  supplying  plant  food.  From 
a  statement  made  in  the  bulletin  describ¬ 
ing  these  experiments  we  take  the  follow¬ 
ing: 

In  the  detailed  results,  nitrogen  has 
proved  most  useful  in  increasing  the  yield 
of  fruit  as  well  as  in  improving  growth 
and  foliage.  Its  use  is  generally  accom¬ 
panied  by  considerable  reduction  in  color, 
doubtless  largely  due  to  delayed  maturity. 
This  objection,  however,  does  not  hold  ex¬ 
cept  for  the  red  varieties,  and  is  lessened 
for  them  on  the  earlier  soils  and  in  locali¬ 
ties  with  long  growing  seasons.  The  nitro¬ 
gen  may  be  applied  in  stable  manure, 
leguminous  cover  crops  or  in  commercial 
forms.  If  applied  in  very  soluble  forms 
the  application  is  probably  best  made 
somewhat  after  growth  starts  to  insure 
its  utilization  by  the  trees.  Some  of  the 
best  results  have  been  obtained  by  such 
applications  made  in  early  July,  though 
this  is  considered  as  late  as  is  practicable 
to  affect  fruit  buds  for  the  following 


year’s  crop,  and  earlier  applications  are 
preferred.  Along  with  the  nitrogen,  it  is 
also  well  to  supply  phosphoric  acid  and 
potash.  On  the  other  hand,  neither  lime 
nor  ‘'floats,”  when  applied  alone,  has  thus 
far  shown  any  marked  beneficial  effects. 

While  it  is  practically  impossible  to 
make  any  general  fertilizer  recommendation 
that  will  suit  all  conditions,  yet  from  the 
present  data  the  following  combination  is 
suggested :  Any  fertilizer  carrying  about 
30  pounds  of  actual  nitrogen,  60-75  pounds 
of  actual  phosphoric  acid,  and  50  pounds 
of  actual  potash  to  the  acre  should  prove 
satisfactory.  These  amounts  are  approxi¬ 
mately  obtained  by  600  pounds  of  a  5-10-8 
fertilizer,  or  they  may  be  exactly  obtained 
by  mixing  either  of  the  following  combina¬ 
tions :  (a),  100  pounds  nitrate  of  soda, 

100  pounds  dried  blood,  250-300  pounds 
steamed  bone  meal,  100  pounds  sulphate  of 
potash,  or  (b),  100  pounds  nitrate  of 
soda,  120  pounds  dried  blood,  400-500 
pounds  acid  phosphate,  100  pounds  sul¬ 
phate  of  potashl  The  above  amounts  are 
for  bearing  trees  of  medium  age  where 
fertilizer  is  apparently  needed.  For  younger 
trees  with  their  greatly  lessened  draft, 
these  amounts  may  often  profitably  be  re¬ 
duced  by  a  half  or  more,  with  correspond¬ 
ing  increase  for  older  trees.  The  combina¬ 
tion  is  offered  as  a  beginning  treatment 
for  average  conditions,  and  is  expected  to 
be  varied  as  later  results  direct.  If  suf¬ 
ficient  nitrogen  can  be  obtained  in  green 
cover  crops,  or  in  stable  manure,  it  can 
well  be  reduced  in  the  combination  above, 
preferably  first  omitting  the  dried  blood. 
Annual  applications  of  this  fertilizer,  al¬ 
ternated  with  stable  manure  at  the  rate 
of  about  10  tons  per  acre  at  least  every 
third  or  fourth  year,  if  available,  will  prob¬ 
ably  give  best  results. 

The  sulphate  form  of  potash  is  recom¬ 
mended  to  be  on  the  safe  side  because  of 
certain  evidences  of  its  superiority  over 


M 


ss 


Active  all  the  time 

1*77 re  Most  EfficientCrop  Producers 

are  those  fertilizers  which  supply  plant  food  in  an  available  form  when 
needed.  <  ' 

Swift’s  Animal  Fertilizers  are  made  from  animal  products — Bone,  Meat 
and  Blood— combined  with  High  Grade  Potash.  They  do  more  than  supply 
fertility — they  build  up  soils  for  future  years. 

The  Grange  Prefers  Swift’s 


Biggest  Crop  He  Ever  Raised 

I  planted  five  acres  of  corn  this  season,  hav¬ 
ing  bought  your  fertilizers  through  youragent 
in  onr  town.  I  used  450  lbs.  of  Swift’s  Special 
Fertilizer  to  the  acre,  and  notwithstanding  the 
season  was  very  dry,  I  harvested  the  biggest 
crop  I  ever  raised.  It  was  immensely  thick 
and  well  eared,  giving  me  600  bushels  of  ears. 

H.  H.  BROOKS, 

Ashby,  Mass. 

They  are  adapted  to  all  soils  and  all  crops — for  use  with  or  without 
manure.  In  your  own  interests,  look  into  this  fertilizer  question  now — 
while  you  have  the  time.  If  you  don’t  know  who  our  local  agent  is,  write 
us.  Our  free  Pocket  Handbook  gives  valuable  crop  information. 

IV e  have  some  good  territory  open  for  responsible  agents. 

Swift’s  Liowell  Fertilizer  Co.,  40  North  Market  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 


range _ _ 

the  subject  of  fertilizers  was  discussed,  what 
was  used,  the  results,  etc.  Everything  went  to 
show  that  Swift’s  goods  had  the  lead.  Allpre¬ 
ferred  the  kinds  that  Mr.  Blake  sold  to  any 
and  all  others  that  the  f  irmers  had  used,  and 
Swift 's Ferti l izers  wil  1  ta ke  thelead  here  inthe 
future  if  the  standard  of  the  goods  is  kept  as 
good  as  now.  (Signed)  H.  A.  BLAKE, 
Nov.  14,  1010.  Sutton.  Vt. 


the  muriate,  at  present  unexplained.  Also 
in  the  practice  of  fertilization,  it  should 
be  remembered  that  the  effect  of  a  fertilizer 


on  the  crop  is  not  to  be  expected  before 
the  second  year  and  possibly  even  later. 
Moreover,  proper  moisture  conditions  are 

essential  to  the  securing  of  best  results 
from  fertilizers.  In  most  places  the  best 
moisture  supply  is  obtained  by  the  soil 
or  dust  mulch  maintained  by  frequent 
tillage.  Where  tillage  is  inadvisable,  how¬ 
ever,  the  present  data  show  that  proper 
moisture  conditions  can  be  secured  very 
satisfactorily  by  means  of  a  good  mulch 
of  foreign  materials,  such  as  straw,  chaff, 
leaves,  manure  or  dead  weeds. 


HOUSEWORK  HALVED 

By  Syracuse  “EASY”  Utilities 

SOLD  ON  TRIAL 

Syracuse  “  EASY  ”  Vacuum  Washer  cleans  completely  a  tubful  of  clothes,  coarse 
or  delicate,  in  10  minutes  of  easy  effort.  Heat  water  right  in  rust-proof  steel  tub.  No 
swinging  of  clothes  or  water.  Works  like  a  cistern  |  unip.  Sold  on  30  days'  trial. 
Syracuse  “  EASY  "  Vacuum  Cleaner,  hand  or  electric,  most  satisfactory 
on  market.  Gets  all  the  dirt  without  raising  dnst.  ,  Easy  to  operate.  Very 
durable  and  efficient.  Send  for  free  booklet  and  Trial  Order  Form. 

DODGE  &  ZUILL,  224B  Dillaye  Bldg.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


s  ‘tit  *  ‘ / 

%■  ,[Ubi, 

mm' 


v 


Regular  Large  Wheeled,  Short  Turn¬ 
ing  Easy  Drawing  Orchard  Outfit. 


The  Improved  1911 
“FRIEND” 

Every  Part  Built  and  Assembled  in  Our  Own  Plant 

Our  New  Factory  Doubles  Our  Output 

* 

MHTflR  Four  Cycle — 2)4  or  3)4  horsepower — water  cooled — strong  ac- 
■**”  *  cessible  beax'ings — Jump  Spark  Ignition.  Schebler  Carburetor. 

PUMP  Regular  Friend  Patent  with  greatly  improved  detail.  All  working 
■  Ullli  an<j  wearing  parts  easy  to  get  at.  See  cut.  Valves  have  highest 
grade  Acid-Proof  Balls  and  Acid-Proof  bronze  seats  separate  from  bodies. 
New  seats  can  be  put  on  valves  quickly 
and  easily  by  loosening  four  cap  screws 
—repacking  pump  just  as  easy,  adjust¬ 
ments  of  packing  can  be  made  while  pump 


is  operating  under  pressure.  All  plumbing  is  removed  from  new  pump. 

Some  1911  Improvements  on  Power  Outfits 

(1)  New  Frictionless  roller  bearing  pump  drive. 

(2)  1911  Relief  Valve  is  entirely  new  and  guaranteed  to 
give  satisfaction.  New  parts  quickly  applied  with¬ 
out  tools. 

(3)  New  Multiple  Oiler  doing  away  with  all  small  oil 

cups. 

Our  New  Tank  Filler 

is  one  of  the  greatest  inventions  of  the  age.  Entirely 
original  with  us.  Heavy  auxiliary  pumps  no  longer 

needed. 

Have  your 
power  outfit 
equipped. 

Will  work  on 
any  outfit. 

Write  for 
descriptive 
literature. 


The  Celebrated  “FTien«l”  Hilly  Orchard  Model.  Low  dowu.  short 
turning.  200  gallons  capacity.  Equipped  with  the  celebrated  I  riend  Engine 
and  pump.  Designed  for  heavy  service  in  hilly  orchards.  !Not  an  experi¬ 
ment,  but  an  established  model.  The  hit  at  the  Rochester,  k.  Y.  ohow# 

This 


The  “Friend”  will  give  more  pressure  at  less  cost  than  any  other  power  sprayer, 
feature  together  with  its  rigidity  .size, compactness, weight, simplicity and  accessibility,  make the 
"Friend'’  the  best  power  sprayer  on  the  market.  The  facts  that  1,000  Friend  power  outfits 
are  now  working,  250  of  which  were  sold  last  year,  and  that  our  sales  and  deliveries  are  now 
doubling  last  season’s  record— these  facts  prove  our  statements,  and  we  stand  behind  every 
outfit  to  make  good. 

today  for  our  catalog,*  and  prices.  Special  inducements  in  new  territoiy  fot  early 


business. 


“FRIEND”  MFC.  CO. 


Disassembled  I’ump  Cylinder  and  Valve. 


GASPORT,  Niagara  County,  NEW  YORK 

Manufacturers  of  the  celebrated  “FRIEND”  NOZZLES  and  LEAKLESS  SHUT-OFF 


m 


* 


YE 


ON  FREE  TRIAL 


NO  MON 


IN  ADVANCE 


Let  us  send  you  one  of  these  sprayers 

at  our  expense  for  you  to  test  in  your  own  field  or  orchard.  We  don’t  ask  you  to 
send  us  a  cent  of  your  money,  make  any  bank  deposit  or  in  any  way  advance  any  money 
until  you  are  fully  satisfied.  There  are  no  strings  to  this  free  trial  offer.  If,  after  testing 

the  machine  you  decide  to  keep  it  you  can  then  send  us  pay  for  the  machine  in  full,  or  you  can  pay  a  small  amount  each  month  until  it  is  paid 
for,  or  you  can  wait  until  you  harvest  your  crop  and  pay  for  the  machine  out  of  the  extra  profit  that  it  makes  you.  No  matter  how  you 

buy  a  Hurst  Sprayer  it  will  not  cost  you  a  cent,  for  the  increase  in  the  yield  from  spraying  will  more  than  pay  for  our  best  machine  even 
though  you  have  only  a  couple  of  acres. 


Horse-power 

Potato  and  Orchard 

SPRAYER 


“So  tree  too  high,  no 
field  too  big  for  this 
king  of  sprayers.”  For 
the  biggrowers-of  fruit, 
grapes,  potatoes,  etc. 
Most  powerful  machine 
made  ;  60  and  too  gal¬ 
lon  tank  for  one  or  two 
horses.  One  man  with 
the  machine  can  do 
more  work  than  two 
men  with  the  old  style 
sprayers.  Works  "automatically”  in  orchard  or  field 
—lio  hand  pumping  required.  If  you  are  tired  of  the 
back-breaking  hand  pumping,  and  of  paying  out 
half  your  profit  for  hired  labor— get  this  labor-sav¬ 
ing  machine— it  will  pay  for  itself  the  first  season. 

It  is  made  for  hard  service.  Heavy  steel  axle, 
cypress  wood  tank,  one-piece  heavy-angle-iron 
frame,  metal  wheels,  brass  ball  valves,  plunger 
strainer,  etc.  No  leather  or  rubber  about  tlie  pump’ 
on  this  machine.  Big  pump  gives  powerful  pressure. 

Produces 
vapor  spray 
and  prevents 
blight, scab,  rot 
and  insects 
from  cutting 
your  crop  in 
half.  Spray- 
arms  and  noz¬ 
zles  adjustable 
to  any  width  or 
height  of  row. 

Light  draft.  Guaranteed  for  .">  years. 


‘DOES  WORK  EFFECTUALLY’ 


Tested  the  Best 

In  the  spraying  machine  contest  held  by  the  National 
Horticultural  Congress  in  connection  with  their  fruit  show  at 
Council  Bluffs,  Iowa,  November  10th  to  19th  last,  the  gold  medal 
for  sprayers  in  our  class  was  won  by  a  Hurst  Sprayer.  This  should 
convince  you  of  the  quality  of  our  machines. 

You  can  get  a  Hurst  Sprayer  Absolutely  Free 

If  you  are  the  first  in  your  locality  this  season  to  get  a  Hurst 
Sprayer  on  free  trial,  we  have  a  plan  that  will  give  you  your  sprayer 
entirely  free  without  you  paying  even  the  freight.  This  offer  does 
not  require  you  to  do  any  canvassing  or  soliciting.  It  will  only  take 
15  minutes  of  your  time.  We  do  the  work. 

Our  Five  Year  Guarantee 

We  guarantee  all  Hurst  Sprayers  to  be  made  of  materials  best 
suited  to  the  purpose.  We  guarantee  all  Hurst  Sprayers  to  do  well 
any  work  that  a  sprayer  may  reasonably  be  expected  to  do.  We 
guarantee  all  Hurst  Sprayers  to  be  exactly  as  we  represent  them  in 
our  advertisements,  letters,  circulars  and  catalog.  If  you  find  that 
any  Hurst  Sprayer  does  not  come  up  to  our  claims,  you  can  return 
it  any  time  within  10  days  of  purchase,  and  we  will  pay  all  costs  of 
transportation  both  ways. 


Four  Wheel  Power  Sprayer  for  Orchards 

(See  cut  below.) 

For  extensive  orchards  powerful  as  a  gasoline  engine  sprayer,  but  costs  less 
and  is  so  simple  any  one  can  operate  it  without  trouble.  Big  double  cylinder 
pump  stores  the  liquid  in  the  30-gallon  galvanized  steel  air  tank  under  high 
pressure  automatically  as  machine  moves  from  tree  to  tree  ;  the  liquid  thus  stored 
is  forced  out  through  the  nozzles  by  the  air  pressure  back  of  it  when  the  sprayer 
is  standing  still.  In  moving  on  to  the  next  tree  the  pressure  lost  in  spraying  the 
last  one  is  regained,  which  does  away  with  the  necessity  of  hand  pumping  or  the 
use  of  a  troublesome  gasoline  engine.  Perfect  agitation.  Brass  valves  and  work¬ 
ing  parts.  200-gallon  cypress  wood  tank  with  adjustable  half  hoops,  short  turn 
gear,  steel  frame,  wheels  and  axles.  Guaranteed  for  five  years. 


.  a.,  *' 

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•  •  •  .Jy/  y 


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Spraying  Pays  Big  Profits 

You  cannot  have  an  orchard  without  spraying  any  more  than  you  can 
keep  up  the  fertility  of  your  farm  without  fertilizing.  You  must  insure  your 
trees  against  the  deadly  San  Jose  scale  and  other  insect  pests 
which  not  only  cut  your  crop  in  half,  but  destroy  your  trees,  by 
using  a  Hurst  Sprayer. 

Here’s  What  You  Get 

When  you  get  a  sprayer  from  us  you  get  an  absolutely  free 
trial,  an  opportunity  to  get  the  sprayer  without  it  costing  you  a 
:  cent  and  almost  your  own  terms  of  payment  (if  you 

do  not  get  the  sprayer  free),  an  iron-bound  five-year 
guarantee  and  the  very  highest  quality  of  sprayer  to 
be  had.  Send  us  a  postal  or  mark  the  attached 
coupon,  stating  which  machine  you  are  interested  in, 
and  we  will  send  you  our  fine  catalogue,  which  tells 
you  all  about  Hurst  Quality  Sprayers,  spraying  guide 
and  full  information  on  otir  free  offer  to  first  in  each 
locality.  It’s  all  free  for  the  asking.  You  need  a 
sprayer,  so  do  not  delay,  hut  write  us  at 
once  and  save  money. 


>#T' 


C .>£>ir 


\ 


Man-power 

Potato  and  Orchard 

SPRAYER 

Sprays  anything— everything.  Potatoes,  trunk, 
etc.,  1  rows  at  a  time.  Also  first-class  tree  and 
vineyard  sprayer.  Develops  high  pressure  and  is 
easy  to  operate. 

-G.  Cheap  in 

__  ,  price,  light, 
J  strong  and 
durable. 
Has  28-inch 
wheel  with 
3-ineh  wide 
tire.  Makes 
it  easy  to 

?U8h  along. 

he  10-gal¬ 
lon  tank  is 
made  of 
heavy  gal- 

Tanized 

,  ,  . .  iron,  coated 

on  inside  with  acid-proof  enamel — -will  last  10  to  13 
years. 

Spray-arms  adjustable  to  any  width  or  height  of 
row.  Can  lie  thrown  straight  up  or  at  any  angle 
tor  spraying  vineyards,  berries,  etc.  Equipped  with 
soluthiiis1*’1  °VCt*  ,lever-clog  nozzles.  Handles  aii 

In  field  spraying  the  machine  generates  its  pressure 
automatically  as  you  push  it  along,  and  in  orchard 
spraying  you  operate 
the  pump  by  hand 
the  same  as  a  barrel 
sprayer.  Easily  chang¬ 
ed  for  either  work  in 
five  minutes.  No 
wrench  required  to  do 
it.  No  leather  or  rub¬ 
ber  about  this  pump 
to  cause  you  trouble. 

Brass  ball  valves, 
plunger,  strainer,  etc. 

Warranted  for  five 
years.  Special  free 
sprayer  offer  for  first 
in  each  locality  this 
season.  Write  today 
— be  first  and  save 
money. 


it 


FITZ-ALL”  Barrel  Sprayer 

Not  an  ordinary  barrel  sprayer,  but  an 
exceptionally  well-made  and  perfectly 
constructed  apparatus.  It  fits  any  barret 
or  tank.  It  can  lie  placed  In  center  or  at 
the  side  of  the  barrel  end,  or  on  the  stave 
side.  Movable  adjustable  brackets  hold 
pump  solidly  in  place.  Develops 
high  pressure  and  is  easy  to  operate. 
Parts  exposed  to  the  chemicals,  as 
plunger,  plunger  ease,  valves, 
strainer,  are  all  made  of  solid 
brass.  Most  durable  pump 
made.  Perfect  agitation — two 
long  paddles  working  at  the 
side  of  pump  keep  tha 
mixture  thoroughly 
churned  at  all  times. 
Strainer  cleaner  and 
third  agitator  cleanses 
the  fine  strainer  at 
every  stroke — the  only 
all  metal  straight 
cleaner  on  the  market, 
and  the  only  one  that 
will  not  give  out  and 
Can  be  used  with  one  or  two  leads 


\ 


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rt;// 


'  ns  i 


v&'-i 


*Zs. 


7\  vSJ 


ILL.  Hurst  Mg'f.  Co. 

2811  North  Street, 
Canton,  Ohio 


cause  trouble, 
of  hose  as 
d  es  i  red. 
E  q  u  i  p  p  e  d 
with  the 
Hurst  Im- 
proved 
Neve  r-Clog 
Nozzle.  5- 
y  e  a  r  war¬ 
ranty.  Send 
coupon  o  r 
post  card  to¬ 
day.  Be  first 
to  write. 


iisq 


*SiKfL5 


This  Adv.  Will  Not  Appear  Again. 


H.  L,  HURST  MANUFACTURING  CO. 
2811  NORTH  ST.,  CANTON,  OHIO. 


FILL  OUT,  MAIL  TODAY. 

COUPON 

Please  send  me  full  detailed  Information  about  your . 

.  ....  ..  Sprayer; 

also  Catalog, Spraying  Guide  and  copy  of  “TRIAL  OFFER.” 
NAME . . 

TOWN . STATE . 

(Use  margin  of  page  if  necessary.) 


70 


January  21, 


RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Hope  Farm  Notes 

There  is  a  flood  of  questions  this  sea¬ 
son  the  like  of  which  I  have  not  seen 
before. 

I  would  like  to  ask  the  Hope  Farm  man 
what  be  would  advise  a  single  man  to  do 
with  his  money  when  he  is  working  on  a 
farm  by  the  month,  and  can  save  anywhere 
from  $200  to  $300  a  year?  He  is  looking 
ahead  to  a  time  when  he  can  buy  a  place 
of  his  own.  J-  v- 

Up  here  in  northern  New  Jersey  the 
best  investments  for  such  a  man  are 
savings  banks  and  local  building  and 
loan  associations.  The  savings  banks 
pay  four  per  cent,  and  are  safe.  The 
building  and  loan  will  often  pay  five  to 
six  per  cent.,  and  when  properly  man¬ 
aged  are  reliable.  I  would  put  my 
money  into  such  institutions  at  sure  in¬ 
terest  even  if  small.  Do  not  under  any 
circumstances  buy  shares  of  stock  in 
"large”  institutions  which  promise  big 
dividends.  Keep  out  of  gold  mines  and 
wildcat  schemes,  and  do  not  loan  your 
money  on  personal  notes  without  good 
security.  If  you  can  get  money  enough 
to  get  a  good  real  estate  mortgage  do  so, 
but  a  man  like  you  wants  his  money 
safe  and  at  the  same  time  where  he  can 
get  it  when  necessary.  I  have  had 
people  who  had  “prospects”  to  sell  find 
fault  with  this  advice.  They  say  the 
man  who  sticks  to  the  savings  bank  is 
like  the  man  in  the  parable  who  hid  his 

talent  in  the  ground.  Don’t  you  let 
them  fool  you  with  any  such  argument. 
There  are  some  born  traders  who  can 
safely  speculate,  but  most  of  us  will  do 
better  to  stick  to  solid  things. 

Carrots  and  beets  were  sown  side  by  side 
the  last  season.  Carrots  did  well,  beets 
very  poorly.  Can  you  suggest  the  reason? 

E.  s.  B. 

I  can  make  a  guess  and  that  is  all. 
One  good  test  for  the  use  of  lime  is  to 
sow  table  beet  seed.  This  vegetable  is 
peculiarly  a  lime  plant.  Unless  lime  is 
present  the  beet  will  not  do  well,  and 
this  living  test  is  regarded  as  a  sure  one. 
On  the  other  hand,  carrots,  while  need¬ 
ing  lime,  will  not  respond  to  it  as 
quickly  as  beets  do.  I  think,  therefore, 
that  the  beets  failed  because  that  soil  is 
too  sour.  I  should  regard  it  as  a  sure 
indication  that  lime  or  wood  ashes  was 
needed. 

Late  Seeding  to  Clover. — Here  is  a 
question  which  I  have  often  considered: 

Last  Fall  I  purchased  a  farm.  Two 
fields  had  been  seeded  with  Timothy,  no 
clover  sown.  The  Timothy  made  a  nice 
growth  ;  is  so  Thick  I  am  thinking  of  har¬ 
rowing  in  Spring  and  sowing  a  liberal 
amount  of  nitrate  of  soda  and  phosphoric 
acid  mixed,  and  seed  at  the  same  time  with 
Alsike.  Please  give  me  your  experience 
with  the  first  seeding  with  Timothy. 

New  York.  J.  o.  c. 

My  experience  is  that  clover  seeding 
under  such  conditions  is  almost  sure  to 
fail.  The  harrowing  and  fertilizing  make 
the  best  possible  treatment,  but  with  us, 
after  the  grass  has  had  a  year’s  start  and 
made  a  good  sod,  it  is  very  hard  to 
bring  clover  in.  I  have  seen  this  tried 
several  times — never  with  full  success.  I 
think  clover  must  have  open  soil  or  a 
very  young  crop  of  grain  or  grass  in 
order  to  make  a  good  start. 

1  have  a  strawberry  bed  which  is  cov¬ 
ered  with  straw  hauled  from  barns  uptown, 
sind  it  affords  a  line  place  for  my  neigh¬ 
bors’  chickens  to  scratch  in,  causing  serious 
damage  to  the  weaker  plants.  They  say  I 
can’t  compel  them  to  keep  the  hens  closed 
up  at  this  time  of  the  year,  being  outside 
of  the  city.  Do  I  have  to  fence  against 
them,  or  what  shall  I  do  to  get  rid  of 
them?  I  have  no  chickens  of  my  own. 

You  are  against  a  hard  proposition  in 
Winter  damage  by  chickens.  You  can¬ 
not  compel  your  neighbor  to  keep  his 
hens  up.  All  you  could  legally  do  would 
be  to  sue  him  for  the  damage  they 
might  do.  You  can  fence  around 
the  berries  or  if,  after  notifying 
your  neighbor,  the  hens  still  come 
you  can  shoot  into  the  flock.  All  he 
could  do  in  such  case  would  be  to  sue 
for  the  value  of  the  hens  you  killed— 
unless,  of  course,  he  tried  to  settle .  it 
personally.  I  never  know  how  to  advise 
in  a  case  of  hen  trespass.  “The  Business 
Hen”  with  a  mean  man  back  of  her  can 
stir  up  a  neighborhood  row  as  sharp  as 
the  business  end  of  a  hornet. 

On  page  1164  the  Hope  Farm  man  asks 
"Who  is  the  Moses  to  touch  this  red  soil 
and  let  the  people  pass  out  of  bondage?” 
He  recalls  to  mind  a  sermon  preached  by  a 
colored  preacher  at  Staunton,  Virginia,  some 
years  ago.  His  name  was  Moses,  and  he 
was  quite  fond  of  preaching  sermons 
wherein  Moses  figured,  and  in  the  course 
of  one  he  referred  to  the  wonderful  view 
to  be  obtained  at  Afton,  Va.,  where  the 
mountain  drops  almost  sheer  down,  reveal¬ 
ing  a  magnificent  panorama  of  farms,  or¬ 
chards,  and  old  colonial  houses  in  the  val¬ 
ley  below.  After  elaborating  on  same  for 


two  hours,  he  asked  the  choir  to  sing  an 
appropriate  hymn.  They  surprised  him  by 
rendering  in  fine  voice,  “Could  we  but  stand 
where  Moses  stood,  and  view  the  land¬ 
scape  o’er.”  b.  t. 

Well,  sir,  that  certainly  was  appro¬ 
priate.  I  have  had  a  number  of  protests 
from  Southern  men  who  say  that  those 
remarks  about  Southern  farm  land  were 
not  fair.  They  forget  that  what  I  stated 
represented  the  opinions  of  Southern 
farmers  with  whom  I  talked.  I  am  not 
qualified  to  lay  down  any  laws — from 
looking  out  of  a  car  window,  and  I  will 
resign  the  job  of  Moses  long  before  it 
is  offered  me.  The  South,  however, 
needs  a  whole  army  of  men  who  will  go 
down  into  the  Egypt  of  those  red  old 
lands  and  “let  my  people  go.” 

On  page  1120,  in  "Hope  Farm  Notes.”  I 
notice  an  inquiry  in  regard  to  Fall  plowing. 
As  you  are  always  willing  to  give  all  a 
hearing  may  I  beg  to  differ  with  the  views 
expressed  in  your  comment  on  the  question  ? 

I  hold  that  ‘  however  good  a  theory  may 
be  from  a  scientific  standpoint,  if  experi¬ 
ence  has  proved  to  the  contrary,  that  must 
be  the  guide.  I  have  never  resided  in  New 
Jersey  and  cannot  say  what  methods  are 
best  employed  there,  but  I  have  lived  in 
New  Hampshire  all  my  life.  I  have  always 
advocated  and  practiced  Fall  plowing  as 
much  as  possible  and  I  have  yet  to  notice 
any  bad  results  from  it  As  a  market  gar¬ 
dener  I  find  the  land  cannot  be  put  in 
too  good  shape  for  planting  and  Fall  plow¬ 
ing  greatly  aids  in  accomplishing  this,  and 
even  on  old  ground  a  Fall  and  a  Spring 
plowing  are  advantageous  to  a  good  gar¬ 
den.  i  hold  that  corn  stubble  and  other 
roots  or  stubble  when  turned  under  in 
the  late  Fall  not  only  rot  and  make 

the  ground  in  better  condition  to  work 
the  next  Spring,  but  also  add  to  the  fer¬ 
tilization  bv  decomposition.  On  land  that 
is  to  be  used  for  other  than  garden  pur¬ 
poses  and  will  not  need  a  second  plowing 
the  coming  Spring,  Fall  plowing  greatly 

facilitates  the  Spring  work  and  the  land 
is  accessible  much  earlier.  To  finish  the 
Fall  plowing  just  before  the  ground  closes 
is  in  my  opinion  desirable.  In  this  way 
sod  ground  is  given  a  longer  time  to  rot 

and  become  mellow.  I  have  been  a  market 

gardener  all  my  life  and  have  for  many 
years  practiced  Fall  plowing  and  have  used 
but  little  commercial  fertilizer  the  last  few 
years,  and  I  may  say  with  due  modesty 
that  such  remarks  by  my  neighbors  as 
“You  never  had  a  better  crop  of  peas,”  and 
“What  do  you  put  under  them  to  make  such 
vigorous  looking  vines,”  and  the  fact  that 
the  demand  for  my  products  is  often  greater 
than  the  supply,  indicates  to  me  no  detri¬ 
ment  from  Fall  plowing.  I  should  like  to 
hear  from  others  who  have  based  their 
opinion  on  their  own  experience. 

Wilton,  N.  H.  J.  L.  p. 

My  wish  is  to  give  all  a  chance  in  the 
discussion.  I  think  this  is  largely  a  mat¬ 
ter  of  locality.  Our  Winters  are  milder 
and  shorter  than  in  New  Hampshire. 
Our  soil  is  lacking  in  humus.  We  aim 
to  add  all  we  can.  Rye  and  clover  often 
grow  through  our  mild  spells — so  does 
sod.  Our  Springs  are  warmer  and  decay 
starts  in  early.  In  New  Hampshire  the 
ground  freezes  early  and  does  not  thaw 
out  all  Winter.  This  solid  freezing 
breaks  up  the  sod  and  has  an  excellent 
effect  on  the  soil.  Fall  plowing  gets  the 
work  out  of  the  way,  and  when  Spring 
comes  there  is  no  delay.  With  us,  on 
our  hills  Fall-plowed  land  would  be 
washed  and  gullied  by  the  rains  in  Feb¬ 
ruary  and  March,  while  in  New  Hamp¬ 
shire  there  would  be  no  such  trouble. 
While  I  grant  that  our  friend’s  practice 
is  right,  I  still  think  our  Jersey  soil 
should  not  lie  bare  and  open  through 
the  Winter. 

Home  Notes. — Reports  from  Florida 
were  that  the  mercury  went  to  25  de¬ 
grees  one  morning.  I  have  not  yet  learned 
if  any  serious  damage  was  done  to  the 
oranges.  I  imagine  the  boy’s  garden  suf¬ 
fered.  The  climate  of  north  Florida  is 
certainly  treacherous.  When  the  warn¬ 
ings  that  fly  ahead  of  this  cold  wave 
came  the  air  was  soft  and  balmy  and 
people  were  out  in  their  lightest  clothes 
— glad  to  seek  the  shade.  True,  we  had 
nearly  as  great  a  change  in  New  Jersey 
within  48  hours  of  New  Year’s  Day,  but 
up  here  we  rather  expect  such  things  in 
Winter,  and  are  ready  for  them.  I  am 
overrun  with  letters  from  people  who 
want  to  know  if  they  can  make  a  living 
in  Florida  on  a  small  place,  and  with 
limited  capital.  I  frankly  say  that  I  do 
not  know.  Let  these  people  take  a  map 
and  measure  the  distance  from  the 
Georgia  line  to  the  end  of  the  Florida 
Keys.  Then  measure  the  same  distance 
from  the  southern  line  of  New  Hamp¬ 
shire  down.  You  will  reach  to  North 
Carolina.  Now  suppose  you  asked  me 
if  within  this  territory  somewhere  a  man 
could  make  a  living  on  a  small  farm ! 
Florida  will  offer  even  greater  diversity 
of  climate  and  soil  than  the  stretch  of 
country  at  the  North  will.  There  are 
parts  of  the  State  well  favored  by  nature 
where  I  think  a  man  could  do  well.  In 
others  I  should  feel  sorry  for  him.  Right 
where  we  are  people  live  but  do  not  get 
rich  by  any  means.  A  man  can  easily 
hand  you  out  the  truth  about  some  par¬ 
ticular  section  of  Florida,  yet  when  you 
come  to  apply  it  25  miles  away  it  will 
not  fit.  One  thing  is  sure — as  a  place 
for  resting  and  healing  the  weary  body 
or  mind  Florida  in  Winter  cannot  be 
beaten — but  be  sure  you  have  the  price. 

H.  w.  c. 


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1911. 


71 


Rural  isms 

THE  PASSION  FRUIT. 

Many  southern  readers  are  familiar 
with  the  native  American  passion-flower, 
Passiflora  incarnata,  the  fruit  of  which 
is  known  as  May-pops.  Fig.  27,  shows 
another  species,  P.  edulis,  as  grown  in 
Australia,  the  photograph  being  fur¬ 
nished  to  the  Plant  Introduction  Bureau 
by  H.  D.  Baker,  Vice  Consul-general, 
Sydney.  This  passion-flower  is  a  na¬ 
tive  of  Brazil,  now  widely  distributed 
in  tropical  countries.  In  Australia  this 
can  be  grown  like  a  grape  on  trellises, 
and  may  be  grown  from  seed  or  cut¬ 
tings.  It  grows  well  in  any  ordinary 
open  soil  if  well  manured.  Prolits  are 
reported  to  run  from  $100  to  nearly 
$300  per  acre  annually,  and  the  cultiva¬ 
tion  is  very  simple.  The  vines  should 
be  renewed  after  five  years.  Hence  it  is 
often  used  as  a  catch  crop  in  young  or¬ 
chards,  being  removed  as  the  fruit  trees 
come  into  bearing.  It  might  be  used 
thus  to  advantage  in  southern  Florida 
and  California.  The  fruits  are  as  large 
as  a  large  hen’s  egg,  of  a  rich  purple 
color,  and  the  pulp  is  much  used  in 
Australia  for  flavoring  ices,  in  the  prepa¬ 
ration  of  fruit  salads,  for  confectioner}', 
for  icing  cakes  and  other  dishes,  for 
"trifle,”  an  Australian  dish  composed 
of  sponge  cake,  fruits,  cream  and  white 


end  of  September  or.  beginning  of  October. 
Shelter  young  plants  until  they  get  started. 
Some-  fruit  will  be  obtained  the  first  sea¬ 
son,  full  crop  the  second  season.  Vines  are 
about  done  in  four  years.  The  passion 
fruit  does  wonderfully  well  in  the  sand¬ 
stone  country  around  Sydney,  yet  it  grows 
almost  wild  in  the  semi-tropical  climate  of 
the  Northern  Rivers,  N.  S.  W. 

Another  passion-fruit  familiar  in 
tropical  countries  is  the  granadilla, 
Passiflora  quadrangularis,  which  is 
freely  sold  in  South  American  markets, 
and  in  other  countries  where  climatic 
conditions  are  favorable.  A  variegated 
form  of  the  granadilla  makes  a  hand¬ 
some  greenhouse  climber. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 


THE  GIANT  HIMALAYA  BERRY. 

Several  Readers. — What  is  the  “Giant 
Himalaya  Berry”  advertised  by  several 
firms?  There  is  a  picture  of  a  bush  about 
the  size  of  a  house  and  carrying  some  100 
crates  of  berries.  The  advertisement  says 
that  "no  description  can  do  justice  to  this 
great  berry.” 

A  ns. — The  “Himalaya”  berry  is  an 
Asiatic  form  of  the  Old  World  Rubus 
fruticosus,  or  European  bramble.  It 
is  a  trailing  blackberry  or  rather  dew¬ 
berry,  of  vigorous  growth,  with  rather 
finely  divided  foliage  and  pinkish  blooms. 
In  deep  rich  soils  with  liberal  culture 
and  ample  irrigation  it  is  highly  produc¬ 
tive,  thriving  best  in  the  milder  Pacific 
coast  climates.  It  has  been  little  tested 
in  the  East,  but  could  scarcely  be  ex¬ 
pected  to  prove  hardy  where  severe 
frosts  occur.  The  berries  are  borne  in 
large  clusters,  are  of  fair  size,  black 


PASSIFLORA  EDULIS,  THE  PASSION  FRUIT.  Fig.  27. 


of  eggs  mixed  [An  English  dainty 
originally.  Eds.],  for  jams,  and  other 
table  purposes.  It  may  also  be  eaten  in 
the  natural  state,  the  pulp  being  re¬ 
moved  with  a  spoon  and  eaten  seeds 
and  all,  but  the  seeds  are  removed  when 
used  in  syrups,  ice  cream,  etc.  It  may 
prove  of  value  for  the  manufacture  of 
syrups,  for  soft  drinks,  although  the 
small  amount  of  juice  in  each  fruit 
may  be  objectionable.  It  has  proven  a 
very  interesting  and  profitable  green¬ 
house  fruit  in  England. 

The  following  statement  about  passion 
fruit  culture  is  made  by  James  Moody, 
a  Melbourne  orchardist:  : 

Passion  fruit  will  grow  in  tlae  States ; 
they  prefer  a  loose,  sandy  soil,  but  must 
be  high  enough  up  to  be  out  of  reach  of 
rrosts,  near  the  sea  for  preference,  within, 
say,  10  miles.  They  require  plenty  of 
manure  and  to  be  grown  on  a  wire  trellis, 
that  is,  an  ordinary  fence  with  posts  15 
teet  apart  and  in  place  of  having  the  wire 
as  in  the  fence,  nail  a  cross-piece  about  18 
Inches  long  on  the  top  of  each  post  and 
run  two  wires  along  this  cross-piece.  Train 
the  vine  up  by  main  stem  until  the  wires 
are  reached,  then  run  an  arm  out  each  side 
alone  the  wires.  The  lateral  growth  will 
hang  down  like  a  curtain  and  the  fruit  is 
borne  on  this  lateral  growth.  Plant  vines 
lo  feet  apart,  one  between  each  post ; 
tram  vine  up  a  stick,  until  it  reaches  the 
wire.  Rows  to  be  15  feet  apart:  the  best 
manure  for  them,  1500  pounds  to  the  acre, 
<00  bone  dust,  500  superphosphate,  300 
potash,  if  the  Winter  be  fairly  warm,  a 
winter  crop  can  be  grown  by  pruning  in 
A*  *Pri,ng  or  early  Summer  by  cutting 
on  the  lateral  growth  a  foot  below  the 
wires  and  then  manuring,  but  if  the  Win¬ 
ter  is  not  mild  I  would  simply  go  in  for 
tne  natural  Summer  crop,  prune  as  above 
me  in  winter  and  manure  early  in  Spring, 
ine  vines  are  raised  in  seed  boxes  from 
5???:  si“Ply  wash  the  pulp  out  of  the 

rruit  and  dry  the  ■  seed ;  plant  out  when 
about  six  inches  high.  Do  not  allow  any 
lateral  growth  until  the  wires  are  reached, 
we  plant  out  here  in  Australia  about  the 


when  fully  ripe  and  of  excellent  flavor, 
but  so  soft  in  texture  as  to  be  of  little 
value  except  for  home  use.  The  “Hima¬ 
laya”  is  well  liked  and  widely  grown  in 
California  gardens,  but  the  fruit  is  rarely 
seen  in  market.  The  blackberries  most 
profitably  grown  in  the  Pacific  States  are 
the  Evergreen,  probably  a  form  of  the 
Old  World  Rubus  laciniatus,  which 
thrives  well  in  the  Oregon  and  Wash¬ 
ington  coast  levels,  the  Loganberry, 
Phenomenal,  Mammoth,  Lucretia  and 
Gardena.  All  are  of  the  trailing  or  dew¬ 
berry  type,  and  are  of  doubtful  hardiness 
in  cold  climates  except  the  last  two, 
which  were  probably  derived  from  the 
common  eastern  dewberry,  Rubus  tri— 
vialis.  Gardena  is  one  of  the  earliest  of 
bramble  berries,  but  is  rated  as  poor  in 
quality.  Lucretia  is  everywhere  favor¬ 
ably  known.  The  Mammoth  is  the  larg¬ 
est  fruited  of  Judge  Logan’s  seedlings. 
The  glossy  blackberries  grow  nearly  two 
inches  long  and  are  of  pleasant  flavor, 
but  plants  are  not  always  productive. 
The  Loganberry  and  Phenomenal  are 
plainly  hybrids  of  the  European  red 
raspberry  and  native  Pacific  dewberry, 
R.  vitifolius,  the  latter  by  Burbank. 
Both  bear  long  purplish  berries  having  a 
firm  receptacle  or  core  like  ordinary 
blackberries,  but  with  tart  raspberry 
flavor.  Both  are  successfully  grown  in 
California,  but  the  Loganberry  finds 
greatest  favor  abroad,  and  has  been  made 
to  thrive,  with  slight  protection,  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Washington,  D.  G. 

~  - *>  : :  '  ■  '  W.  V.  F. 


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old  trees  rejuvenated  to  youthful  vigor;  better 
foliage;  larger  and  more  abundant  fruit.  Neither 
suckingor  chewing  insects  nor  fungus  will  attack 
wood  that  has  "One  For  All"  upon  it.  After  one 
fall  spraying  no  dormant  spraying  will  be  needed. 
Spraying  confined  to  the  growing  season.  Scale 
exterminated.  Positive  evidence  from  practical 
growers  furnished  upon  application. 

Prices,  F.  O.  B.  New  York 

Barrels,  425  lbs . .  ,05c.  per  lb 

K  Bbls.,  200  lbs . 05 'A  “ 

100  lbs .  06  “ 

50  Jbs . . . 06A  ** 

MANHATTAN  OIL  COMPANY 

Established  1852 

Front  Street  New  Yorfr 


“KANT-KLOG” 

SPRAYERS  4S 

Something  New 

Gets  twice  the  results— 
with  same  labor  ami  fluid. 

Flat  or  round,  fine  or  coarse  sprays 
from  same  nozzle.  Ton  styles.  For 
trees,  potatoes,  gardens,  whitewashing, 
etc.  Agents  Wanted.  Booklet  Free. 

Rochester  Spray  Pump  Co. 


Spraying 

Gmd.  Free 


THE  HAMILTON  RESERVOIR 
ORCHARD 
HEATER 


Positively 
the  most 
effective 
heater  be¬ 
cause  of  its 
REOULATED 
flltE.  Many 
other  points  of  superiority. 

Write  for  our  RED  BOOK  on  orchard 
heating  free.  Tells  you  how  best  to  smudge 
HAMILTON  ORCHARD  HEATER  CO..  Grand  Junction,  Colt. 


Patented 
Oct.  6,  1908 


FRUIT  GROWERS  FAVORITE  SAW 

IS  THE  MOST  PRACTICAL  TREE  PRUNER  EVER  INVENTED 

Because  it  saves  time  ami  labor  and  is  so  easy  to 
handle.  It  is  made  with  a  15-ineh  draw  cut  blade 
and  has  a  7  or  8  foot  handle. 

Write,  today  for  Descriptive  Circular  and  Prices. 

FRUIT  GROWERS  SAW  COMPANY.  Scottsville,  New  York. 


6  YEARS’  use  has  proven  that  SAN  JOSE  SCALE 

and  all  FUNGOUS  diseases,  controllable  during  the  dormant  season,  are  absolutely  controlled 

Dy  tne  use  oi 


it 


SCALECIDE 


There  is  but  one— “PRATT’S”  Trade  Mark,  Reg.  U.  S.  Pat.  Off. 

Prices:  In  barrels  and  half-barrels,  50c  per  gallon;  “ 

1  gal.  cans.  $1.00.  If  you  want  cheap  oils,  our  “  CARBOL 
ANYTHING  ELSE.  Send  today  for  free  Booklets, 

Methods  of  Harvesting,  Grading,  and  Packing  Apples.” 

B.  G.  PRATT  COMPANY.  Mlg.  Chemists.  SO  CHURCH  ST.,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


'with 

the 


Empire  King. 


cnDAv 

aPGft  ■  He  "who  attempts  to  grow  fruits  without  a  Sprayer  is  hand!* 

H  m  capped.  Blight  and  bugs,  rot  and  rust,  mold  and  mildew,  all 

B  *  conspire  to  damage  the  crop,  and  in  all  caaes  succeed  if  the  farmer  doea 

not  spray.  This  is  the  only  hand  pump  having  automatic  agitator  and  brush  for  clean- 
lug  strainer.  Yalnable  book  of  instruction  free.  FIELD  FORCE  PUMP  C0..2  llTH  S?.,  ELMIRA.  N.  Y 


'• 

a  »* 

* 


HORSE- POWER 
SPRAMOTO  R 

High  Pressure  100  to  300  lbs., 
for  1  or  3  horses.  Over  500  in 
use.  Automatic  regulator  (no 
safety  valve)  nozzle  protector. 
12-gal.  air  tank,  largest  capa¬ 
city.  Can  be  hand  operated. 
Nozzle  controlled  automati¬ 
cally,  as  to  height,  width  and 
direction. 

Also  for  orchard,  melons, 
potatoes,  etc.  The  largest  line 
of  spraying  machines  in  the 
world.  Guaranteed  against 
all  defects  for  1  year.  Partic¬ 
ulars  free  NOW. 

This  ad  will  not  appear  again 
in  this  paper. 

E.  H.  HEARD 

1327  Erie  Street,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


72 

The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER’S  PAPER. 

A  National  Weakly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homea. 

Established  1850. 

FaUaM  weekly  by  the  Kara!  Pobllihing  Company,  409  Pearl  Street,  Heir  York, 

Hkbbkbt  W.  Collingwood,  President  and  Editor, 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  P.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mbs.  E.  T.  Roylb,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR. 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  $2.04,  oqual  to 
8s.  6d.,  or  8^  marks,  or  10  *2  francs.  Remit  in  money  order, 
express  order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 


Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  timi 
orders.  References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to 
us;  and  cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

•‘A  SQUARE  DEAL.” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a 
responsible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any 
loss  to  paid  subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler 
advertising  in  ourcolumns,  and  any  such  swmdlerwill  be  publicly  ex¬ 
posed.  Wejprotect  suberibers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee 
to  adjust  trifling  differences  between  subscribers  and  honest,  respon¬ 
sible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be  responsible  for  the  debts  of 
honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts.  Notice  of  the  complaint 
must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of  the  transaction, 
and  you  must  have  mentioned  Thu  Rural  New-Yorker  when 
writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

No — we  cannot  hear  those  western  corn  growers 
marching  up  to  get  into  that  corn  contest.  That  is  a 

very  sensible  statement  about  corn  culture  on  page  64. 

* 

The  New  York  State  Fair  Commission  promises  to 
select  100  New  York  boys  who  are  to  be  sent  free  to 
the  State  Fair.  These  boys  are  to  be  selected  by  the 
various  Granges  and  are  to  be  the  guests  of  the  Com¬ 
missioners.  The  object  is  to  give  these  boys  the 
benefit  of  any  agricultural  education  which  the  State 
Fair  can  furnish.  The  boys  should  be  such  as  can 
appreciate  such  a  trip.  This  is  a  good  idea  and  should 
be  fully  developed. 

* 

The  letter  from  the  apple  buyers  on  page  60  is  the 
strongest  compliment  to  a  body  of  farmers  or  fruit 
growers  we  have  read.  Out  of  nearly  half  a  million 
boxes  of  apples  not  one  has  been  found  defective  by 
reason  of  bad  packing  or  culls.  That  is  probably  the 
chief  reason  for  the  great  success  of  this  western 
fruit.  Some  of  the  eastern  fruit  is  quite  as  good. 
Boxed  apples  from  the  Hudson  Valley  outsold  Hood 
River  fruit  in  the  Liverpool  market  this  season. 
There  is  no  cull  in  the  western  package,  and  that  is 

the  great  secret  of  success. 

* 

Since  the  recent  article  on  pasturing  hogs  on  rape 
was  printed  we  have  been  overrun  with  questions  about 
this  crop.  Full  details  will  be  given  before  Spring. 
Right  now  we  will  say  that  the  rape  plant  is  like  a 
turnip  all  gone  to  top  without  any  bulb  or  large  root. 
It  is  a  member  of  the  turnip  family  and  is  seeded  in 
all  respects  like  turnips — either  broadcast  or  in  drills. 
It  makes  a  large  quantity  of  green  forage  for  hogs, 
sheep  or  poultry,  but  is  useless  for  hay.  It  will  evi¬ 
dently  be  largely  used  this  Spring. 

* 

Mr.  W.  J.  Dougan  is  the  Jerseyman  who  will  put 
up  10  of  his  hens  against  two  of  his  neighbors’  cows. 
It  appears  that  Mr.  Dougan  is  an  ex-policeman  from 
New  York.  We  told  him  he  probably  arrested  the 
hens  for  vagrancy  and  threatened  to  send  them  to  the 
“Island.”  Here  is  his  reply: 

You  are  wrong  about  the  liens  being  arrested  for  va¬ 
grancy.  They  were  taken  as  “suspicious  characters,”  and 
had  the  “third  degree”  worked  on  them,  and  they 
“coughed  up.”  w.  J.  dougan. 

He  will  tell  how  they  do  it— beginning  next  week. 

* 

The  experience  with  the  cow  outlined  on  page  81, 
shows  one  advantage  of  having  a  bank  account  and 
paying  by  check.  If  this  man  had  paid  cash  for  the 
cow  and  then  found  her  milk  record  a  fraud  he 
would  have  been  out  the  price  of  the  cow.  As  it  was 
he  had  a  chance  to  try  the  cow  before  the  check  could 
be  cashed.  As  she  failed  to  make  good  he  stopped 
payment  on  the  check  and  held  his  money.  Another 
thing  to  remember  is  that  an  endorsement  on  a  check 
is  evidence  of  payment,  while  there  is  no  such  evi¬ 
dence  when  cash  is  paid  without  witnesses. 

* 

A  few  years  ago  one  heard  little  except  Bordeaux 
Mixture  at  horticultural  conventions  when  plant  dis¬ 
eases  were  discussed.  This  mixture  was  once  con¬ 
sidered  the  only  hope  for  farmers.  Then  came  com¬ 
plaints  of  “Bordeaux  injury”  and  failure  to  do  its 
work.  There  was  a  demand  for  a  substitute.  This 
year  one  rarely  hears  Bordeaux  mentioned.  The  talk 
is  now  for  lime  and  sulphur,  which  has  given  remark¬ 
able  results  as  a  fungicide.  The  lime-sulphur  alone 
or  in  combination  with  arsenate  of  lead  comes  as  near 
to  being  a  plant  cure-all  as  we  are  likely  to  get  in 
many  years.  It  is,  without  question,  a  substitute  for 


I  THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

Bordeaux.  In  working  out  this  substitute  and  help¬ 
ing  to  make  it  practical,  our  scientific  men  will  save 
to  the  fruit  industry  more  than  the  entire  cost  of 
our  experiment  stations — and  this  is  but  one  of  many 
things  they  are  doing. 

A 

Yes,  gentlemen,  the  time  has  now  come  in  this 
country  when  any  farmer  who  wants  to  can  learn  how 
to  produce  a  larger  crop.  Let  him  call  for  the  infor¬ 
mation  and  a  volume  of  it  will  be  offered  him.  The 
truth  is  that  the  farmer  does  not  need  to  raise  larger 
crops  half  as  much  as  he  needs  to  raise  his  share  of 
the  consumer’s  dollar.  That  is  the  greatest  living 
question  of  the  age — how  to  get  our  share  of  what  is 
paid  for  the  food  we  produce.  At  present  the  farmer 
averages  35  cents  of  the  consumer's  dollar.  Give  him 
50  and  he  will  spend  the  difference  in  such  a  way 
that  it  will  improve  every  line  of  honest  business  in 
the  country.  Come  now  and  tell  us  how  to  raise  the 
dollar. 

* 

It  ia  my  belief  that  the  work  you  are  doing  in  stirring 
up  the  agricultural  profession  to  a  knowledge  of  the  need 
of  united,  persevering  action,  if  they  are  to  get  the  po¬ 
litical  reforms  needed,  is  of  great  worth,  because  you  are 
constantly  at  it,  because  you  present  facts  logically,  and 
because  what  we  see  continually  repeated  in  “cold”  print 
will  at  some  time  wear  an  impression  in  our  minds,  as 
the  dropping  water  wears  a  hole  in  a  stone.  r.  w.  r. 

Sledge  hammer  blows  are  useful  at  times,  but  for 
breaking  down  the  wall  which  surrounds  human 
nature  the  steady  rapping  and  pounding  is  what  does 
the  business.  Prejudice  and  habit  are  often  respon¬ 
sible  for  failure  to  take  advantage  of  opportunity. 
The  way  to  overcome  this  is  to  form  new  habits  of 
thought.  That  is  why  we  keep  at  a  subject  as  cheer¬ 
fully  as  a  bulldog  until  the  facts  and  what  they 
stand  for  get  into  mind. 

♦ 

“Railroads  assisting  the  farmers.”  We  are  asked 
to  give  “personal  attention”  to  the  following  propo¬ 
sition  : 

It  is  doubtful  if  the  railroads  have  entered  into  any 
new  departure  in  recent  years  that  will  result  in  more 
material  good  than  the  educational  work  they  are  now 
carrying  on  in  promoting  practical  farming.  The  special 
interest  taken  in  the  science  of  intensive  farming  along 
their  respective  lines  has  assisted  the  farmers  and  given 
them  new  inspirations  as  well  as  new  ideas. 

Our  “personal  opinion”  is  that  the  farmers  of  this 
country  do  not  need  that  education  which  shows 
them  how  to  produce  more,  half  as  much  as  that 
which  will  show  them  how  to  get  a  larger  share  of 
the  consumer’s  dollar.  The  model  farms  and  free 
trains  maintained  by  the  railroads  help  the  railroads 
and  very  likely,  though  incidentally,  the  farmers. 
Suppose  a  wise  man  saw  an  overloaded  horse  strug¬ 
gling  to  haul  his  load.  This  wise  man  stands  still 
and  proves  by  all  his  science  that  if  the  wheels  were 
larger  or  well  greased  or  if  the  horse  had  another 
collar  he  ought  to  haul  the  load.  But  that  man  does 
not  put  his  shoulder  to  the  wheel  and  help  push  the 
load.  We  think  the  railroads  are  much  like  that  wise 
man.  They  are  better  qualified  to  analyze  the  con¬ 
sumer’s  dollar  than  any  other  interest  which  takes  a 
share  of  it.  Let  them  trace  5,000  shipments  of  pro¬ 
duce  from  the  country  platform  to  the  city  table,  and 
tell  us  exactly  who  gets  the  65  cents  which  misses  the 
farmer.  This  would  be  help  just  like  pushing  the 
wheel  to  help  the  horse. 

* 

Circulars  against  parcels  post  are  being  distributed 
by  the  million,  and  some  farmers  are  thoughtlessly 
signing  them.  Do  not  under  any  circumstances  sign 
these  circulars  or  petitions.  They  will  only  put  you 
on  the  wrong  side.  Just  now  we  hear  much  talk 
about  an  experiment  with  parcels  post  on  rural  routes. 
It  will  be  extended  “if  the  revenue  to  the  Department 
warrants  it.”  Here  we  have  another  little  joker.  The 
salaries  of  postmasters  and  assistants  are  based  upon 
the  receipts  of  their  offices,  and  they  would  retain  a 
portion  of  all  increased  revenue.  Fourth  class  post¬ 
masters  retain  the  first  $50  collected  in  each  quarter, 
60  per  cent  of  the  next  hundred,  and  50  per  cent 
of  the  balance  collected  until  his  income  reaches  $250 
per  quarter  for  four  successive  quarters,  when  he  is 
placed  in  the  Presidential  class  and  paid  a  straight 
salary.  What  is  left  of  this  to  the  Department  is 
supposed  to  be  used  for  extending  parcels  post.  How 
much  do  you  think  will  be  left  of  this  revenue?  They 
know  the  answer  now,  and  that  is  why  this  plan  is 
held  out  to  you.  Practically  everything  offered  us 
thus  far  contains  a  “joker”  which  is  intended  to  fool 
us.  The  express  companies  know  that  something  must 
be  done,  and  they  will  if  possible  give  us  something 
that  is  doomed  to  failure  from  the  start.  Here  is 
our  plan :  Let  Congress  establish  a  parcels  post  law. 
On  its  passage  and  enforcement  raise  the  maximum 
weight  of  a  package  one  pound,  or  to  five  pounds. 
After  two  months  more  raise  to  six  pounds  and  in  two 
more  to  seven  pounds.  Then  after  four  months  raise 
the  weight  to  eight  pounds  and  to  nine,  10  and  11 
pounds  at  intervals  of  six-month  periods.  This  will 


January  21, 

take  two  years  and  two  months  until  it  will  be  in 

full  force,  and  the  increase  in  revenue  will  pay  for 
any  increase  in  expenditures,  and  there  will  be  a  sur¬ 
plus  besides  when  it  is  in  full  force.  This  can  be 
made  to  work  in  many  ways  by  varying  the  time  that 
must  elapse  between  a  pound  raise.  If  there  is  any¬ 
thing  wrong  with  that  plan  we  want  to  know  it. 

* 

You  are  certainly  doing  a  grand  good  thing  in  urging 
your  subscribers  to  write  plain,  straightforward  letters 
to  their  Congressmen — not  petition  them.  I  was  sitting 
in  the  Senate  gallery  when  Penrose  arose  to  read  that 
monster  petition  of  the  women  of  the  United  States 
asking  that  Senator  Smoot  be  senatorially  chloroformed. 

I  have  forgotten  how  many  thousand  signers  there  were 
to  that  petition,  but  newspaper  files  will  tell  you  if  in¬ 
terested.  However,  that  was  certainly  a  case  where  a 
real  live  grown-up  petition  had  a  chance  to  show  what  it 
could  do.  If  Senator  Smoot  even  so  much  as  blinked 
because  of  it  the  public  was  never  the  wiser.  The  peti¬ 
tion  went  on  file.  It  is  still  on  file — will  probably  be 
on  file  when  Miss  Liberty  topples  off  the  dome  of  the 
Capitol.  About  10  days  later,  while  chatting  with  a 
friend  in  one  of  the  House  corridors,  I  overheard  a 
Southern  Congressman  remark  to  a  man :  “I  shall  not 
vote  against  it.  I  received  a  dozen  letters  today  urging 
me  to  vote  for  it.”  s.  H.  M. 

That  note  from  an  Ohio  correspondent  beats  our 
ability  to  express  what  we  have  advocated  so  long. 
Do  not  bother  with  petitions.  Get  right  out  with  the 
personal  letter.  Write  it  yourself,  make  it  natural, 
and  if  you  do  not  think  it  is  strong  enough  wait  until 
your  wife  feels  strongly  about  some  grievance  and 

then  ask  her  to  “put  a  few  thoughts  on  paper.” 

* 

The  banquet  given  by  the  New  York  State  Fruit 
Growers  at  Rochester  was  beyond  question  one  of  the 
most  remarkable  gatherings  of  farmers  ever  held  in 
this  country.  There  were  about  800  men  and  women 
at  the  tables,  and  it  would  be  hard  to  match  that 
company  in  appearance  and  character.  With  Dr.  L. 
H.  Bailey  as  toastmaster  the  speeches  were  short,  to 
the  point  and  with  high  purpose  and  character.  There 
was  no  session  of  the  entire  convention  more  produc¬ 
tive  of  good  to  the  society  than  this  banquet.  Men 
brought  their  wives  and  children,  all  united  with 
good  spirit  and  social  cheer  and  everyone  went  home 
with  renewed  pride  and  hope  for  the  business  of  fruit 
growing.  When  a  body  of  farmers  can  come  forward 
and  hire  a  great  hall  and  fill  it,  order  a  dinner  equal 
to  the  best  and  pay  for  it,  organize  their  own  meet¬ 
ing  and  carry  it  out  with  a  strength  and  dignity  equal 
to  that  displayed  at  any  banquet  in  Rochester,  they 
give  solid  benefit  to  the  entire  business  of  farming. 
Some  of  us  who  were  there  remembered  that  little 
meeting  of  earnest  men  in  Syracuse  nine  years  ago, 
when  the  fruit  growers  were  organized.  We  could 
not  half  fill  a  small  hall  at  that  time,  but  those  who 
did  come  were  men  of  energy  and  faith,  and  they 
must  have  had  strange  thoughts  while  looking  over 
the  multitude  at  Rochester  last  week.  One  of  the 
best  features  of  that  meeting  was  the  large  number 
of  young  men  who  were  present.  A  special  effort  had 
been  made  to  render  this  banquet  attractive  to  young 
people,  and  they  responded.  No  question  about  it,  the 
banquet  is  a  strong  feature  of  any  farmers’  meeting. 
Michigan,  Connecticut  and  other  States  have  adopted 
the  plan,  and  all  report  it  successful. 


BREVITIES. 

Eternal  vigilance  is  the  price  you  must  pay  for  being 
liberal. 

It  makes  the  imagination  stretch  to  believe  all  they 
tell  us  about  this  vetch. 

We  want  all  the  facts  possible  about  the  use  of  lime- 
sulphur  on  potatoes  to  check  blight. 

The  States  on  the  Pacific  coast  have  made  a  remark¬ 
able  increase  of  population  in  the  past  10  years.  In 
California  at  least  this  means  the  breaking  up  of  the 
large  ranches  into  smaller  farms. 

The  drought  proved  a  bonanza  to  some  farmers  with 
deep  wells,  for  they  sold  water — in  some  cases  at  or 
above  milk  prices.  It  is  hard  to  charge  for  water.  Air 
will  have  a  price  next. 

Talk  about  the  revival  of  some  of  these  worn-out  farms 
— a  reader  in  Massachusetts  went  back  to  the  farm  where 
he  was  raised.  Three  years  ago  it  kept  six  cows  and  a 
horse.  Now  he  has  47  head  of  cattle  and  three  horses. 

Parts  of  Kansas  will  receive  a  full  dose  of  chinch  bugs 
this  year.  The  insects  are  now  present  in  multitudes 
in  the  bunch  grass.  The  experiment  stations  advise 
farmers  to  hunt  for  the  insects  and  when  found  to  burn 
the  grass  over — running  the  fire  close  to  the  ground. 

We  understand  that  in  the  Northwest  millers  dis¬ 
criminated  against  Velvet  Chaff  wheat  to  the  extent  of 
seven  cents  per  bushel,  as  compared  with  No.  1  Northern. 
The  North  Dakota  Agricultural  College  has  proved  the 
value  of  Velvet  Chaff  by  baking  tests  so  completely  that 
this  difference  in  price  has  been  wiped  out. 

It  seems  that  the  “Giant”  berry,  extravagantly  adver¬ 
tised  by  Mills  and  a  few  other  seedsmen,  is  a  fairly 
useful  berry  for  home  gardens  in  California,  and  pos¬ 
sibly  for  the  Gulf  Coast,  but  the  fruits  are  too  soft  for 
market,  and  it  is  not  at  all  likely  to  be  hardy  north 
of  the  Carolinas.  Our  judgment  is  that  it  will  prove  a 
disappointment  to  the  Eastern  people.  Latest  reports 
show  that  it  is  probably  a  strain  of  the  old  Evergreen 
berry,  tried  and  found  worthless  away  from  the  Pacific 
coast. 


1911. 


73 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

Thrown  into  a  Pool. 

Is  E.  G.  Lewis  a  born  genius?  His 
success  in  separating  so  many  inexperi¬ 
enced  country  people  from  their  money 
would  seem  to  indicate  a  form  of  talent; 
but  somehow  there  is  a  monotonous 
sameness  about  his  flights  of  genius  that 
fails  to  inspire  us  with  admiring  enthu¬ 
siasm.  Some  forms  of  talent  always 
have  the  annoying  suggestive  elements 
of  the  pickpocket  and  the  counterfeiter. 

The  “Readers’  Pool”  mirage  was  one 
of  the  Lewis  art  creations  which  won 
the  spontaneous  approval  of  emancipated 
and  co-operative  womanhood  in  the 
early  days  of  1908.  In  order  to  induce 
women  to  become  _  his  subscription 
agents  and  pay  their  own  expenses, 
sending  him  all  the  collections,  he  told 
them  in  the  February  and  April 
Woman’s  Magazine  of  the  wonderful 
growth  and  prosperity  of  the  papers — 
ail  of  which  he  now  admits  in  National 
Daily  of  October  15,  1910,  was  a 

dream — and  then  developed  the  follow¬ 
ing  clever  creation  of  genius : 

Every  person  who  sent  him  $5  for 
subscriptions  to  his  papers  became  a 
member  of  the  “Readers’  Pool.”  A  cer¬ 
tificate  of  membership  was  issued  to 
her,  and  $2  was  placed  in  a  trust  fund. 
As  soon  as  this  fund  was  large  enough, 
the  money  would  be  invested  in  land. 
This  land  would  be  divided  into  build¬ 
ing  lots,  and  sold  for  the  benefit  of  the 
certificate  holders.  You  could  get  as 
many  certificates  as  you  sent  $5  bills; 
and  each  certificate  was  to  be  worth 
several  times  the  $5.  In  National  Daily, 
April  1,  1908,  page  5,  he  says  it  makes 
no  difference  about  number  of  members. 
The  pool  would  close  April  12,  and  land 
purchased  would  be  in  proportion  to 
number  of  certificates.  Later  on  a  50- 
acre  lot  was  to  be  purchased.  It  was 
to  cost  $75,000,  and  with  $25,000  im¬ 
provements  would  bring  the  members 
$600,000,  to  be  paid  them  in  regular 
semi-annual  payments.  All  done  just 
to  show  the  results  of  pulling  together. 
Then  on  April  15,  page  7,  comes  the 
great  hurrah.  The  remittance  of  April 
12th  was  so  large,  it  could  not  be  told 
for  several  days  how  much  had  been 
received,  but  surely  enough  for  the  50 
acres.  Lewis  had  taken  the  bull  by  the 
horns,  and  the  50  acres  were  already 
purchased.  It  was  to  be  a  square  deal. 
Thousands  of  dollars  were  deposited  in 
a  special  account  to  credit  of  the  “pool” 
But  the  promise  to  close  the  “pool”  on 
April  12th  was  forgotten,  more  certifi¬ 
cates  were  to  be  issued  as  fast  as  the 
$5  remittances  came  in ;  $20,000  had 
been  received  in  10  days.  As  soon  as 
he  had  money  enough  to  improve  the 
lot  the  “pool”  would  again  close,  and 
Pool  No.  2  would  open.  Sales  would 
begin  in  the  Fall  of  1908,  and  every 
member  would  get  her  share  of  the  prof¬ 
its  until  the  last  foot  was  sold.  On  May 
2,  National  Daily,  page  13,  he  had  for¬ 
gotten  all  about  the  bull  and  the  horns 
and  the  50  acres,  but  after  careful  con¬ 
sideration  he  had  concluded  to  buy  48J4 
acres  worth  $5,000  an  acre,  but  bought 
for  the  “pool”  under  his  wise  option  for 
$2,225  per  acre.  There  would  be  100,- 
000  certificates  representing'  $200,000. 
The  cost  of  this  land  was  $108,000; 
needed  for  improvements,  $42,000.  Ig¬ 
noring  his  previous  pledges  Lewis  now 
demanded  $50,000  extra  as  an  alleged 
loan  fund,  which  he  said  would  double 
in  five  years.  When  one  timid  sister 
protested  against  the  change  and  asked 
to  have_the  investing  stopoed,  and  the 


flow  of  money  reversed  so  that  the  in¬ 
vestors  could  get  some  of  the  promised 
profits  on  which  they  were  depending  for 
a  living,  she  got  a  full  page  explanation 
and  a  reproof.  The  profits  were  now 
to  be  a  million  dollars.  No  officer 
could  hold  a  certificate,  or  draw  salary 
or  profit  in  any  way  in  the  pool.  It  was 
all  for  members,  the  profits,  as  well  as 
$200,000  principal.  For  the  first  time 
the  plain  people  were  to  share  in  the 
unearned  increment  of  land.  Twice  each 
year  the  profits  would  be  divided  until 
the  last  foot  was  sold,  and  the  proceeds 
in  the  pockets  of  members.  It  was,  he 
said,  a  business  deal.  The  members  of 
the  pool  by  sending  him  the  subscrip¬ 
tions  had  added  millions  to  his  pub¬ 
lishing  profits.  In  exchange  he  gave 
them  several  millions  of  real  estate  prof¬ 
its.  But  they  must  keep  on  sending  the 
fives. 

All  this  was  nearly  three  years  ago. 
Who  knows  what  has  become  of  the 
money,  or  the  land,  or  the  profits?  The 
women  don’t  know,  and  those  who  have 
inquired  have  not  been  informed.  A 
square  deal  forsooth.  It  may  be  a 
damaging  admission  to  say  we  cannot 
appreciate  such  evident  genius,  or  en¬ 
thuse  over  the  success  of  practical  tal¬ 
ent.  It  is  no  doubt  our  misfortune  that 
we  cannot  rise  to  the  appreciation  of  a 
fame  which  has  established  itself  on  that 
kind  of  skill. 

A  similar  scheme  was  worked  on  the 
“Endowment  Certificates”  and  again  on 
the  “Builders’  Fund,”  and  in  the  League 
right  down  to  date  in  the  Debentures. 
Follow  it  and  you  will  find  genius  run¬ 
ning  in  a  very  narrow  rut  and  always 
crying  the  same  monotonous  song  of 
cash  for  Lewis  and  promises  for  his 
dupes. 

If.  talent  for  getting  other  people’s 
earnings  and  savings  without  giving 
them  anything  of  value  in  return  is  a 
mark  of  genius  then  Lewis  deserves  a 
tablet  in  the  Hall  of  Fame.  We  had 
always  associated  such  characteristics 
with  mental  aberration  and  moral  de¬ 
pravity.  _ 

EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — The  Government  has  brought 
suit  in  equity  in  the  United  States  Circuit 
Court  at  New  York  under  the  Sherman 
act,  which  is  now  more  than  20  years  old, 
to  restrain  British,  German,  Dutch,  Russian 
and  American  passenger-carrying  Atlantic 
liners,  entering  or  clearing  from  the  ports 
of  the  United  States  at  all  unless  they 
abandon  an  agreement  as  to  steerage  rates 
alleged  to  have  been  entered  into  in  Don- 
don  in  1908  and  described  as  monopolis¬ 
tic.  The  Sherman  act  declares  that  every 
contract,  combination  or  conspiracy  in  re¬ 
straint  of  trade  with  foreign  nations,  as 
well  as  between  States,  is  illegal,  and  that 
everybody  who  enters  into  it  may  be  fined 
$5,000  or  imprisoned  a  year,  but  the  near¬ 
est  practical  way  of  enforcing  the  law  in 
this  case,  against  the  British  and  Germans, 
for  instance,  Is  deemed  to  be  the  closing 
of  the  ports  of  the  United  States  to  their 
ships  by  means  of  an  equity  proceeding 
for  that  relief. 

James  J.  Gallagher,  whom  a  jury  in  the 
Hudson  County  Court  of  Oyer  and  Ter¬ 
miner  in  Jersey  City  declared  to  be  sane, 
was  convicted  January  4  in  the  same 
court  of  assault  on  Street  Cleaning  Com¬ 
missioner  William  H.  Edwards  with  intent 
to  kill  by  plowing  a  furrow  in  his  left 
arm  with  a  bullet  while  the  Commissioner 
was  weighting  him  down  on  the  deck  of 
the  North  German  Lloyd  liner  Kaiser  Wil¬ 
helm  der  Grosse,  in  Hoboken,  on  August  9 
last,  immediately  after  the  old  man  had 
fired  a  shot  into  Mayor  Gaynor’s  neck. 
Supreme  Court  Justice  Francis  J.  Swayze 
called  Gallagher  to  the  bar  as  some  of  the 
Jurors  were  still  filing  out  and  sentenced 
him  to  12  years  imprisonment  at  hard  labor 
in  the  State  prison  at  Trenton  and  thence 
until  the  costs  of  court  are  paid.  This 
means  that  if  Gallagher  lives  to  serve  out 
his  term,  which  the  numerous  alienists 
who  examined  him  say  is  very  doubtful,  he 
will  remain  in  jail  until  such  time  as  he 
pays  in  the  neighborhood  of  $250. 

After  an  investigation  by  the  Post  Office 


authorities  United  States  Deputy  Marshals 
raided  the  office  of  the  Intertrust  Security 
Company,  in  the  Winthrop  Building,  Bos¬ 
ton,  Mass.,  January  6,  seized  all  the  books 
and  papers  in  sight  and  arrested.  Victor  M. 
Weil,  president  of  the  concern,  on  a  charge 
of  using  the  mails  to  defraud.  Weil  is 
also  manager  of  the  Standard  Amalga¬ 
mated  Exploration  Company,  which  has 
promoted  about  a  hundred  concerns  of 
questionable  value.  He  was  taken  to  the 
lederal  Building  and  released  under  $3,- 
000  bail.  One  of  the  several  complaints 
on  which  the  arrest  of  Weil  is  based  w;  , 
brought  to  the  attention  of  the  post  officj 
authorities  by  Hattie  Mitchell,  of  Malden. 
It  is  alleged  that  as  a  result  of  a  letter 
addressed  to  her  she  was  induced  to  pur¬ 
chase  stock  in  the  Old  Glory  Exploration 
Company,  which  was  promoted  by  Weil. 
According  to  the  post  office  inspectors, 
Weil's  scheme  caught  many  victims  in 
New  England,  mostly  through  the  sale  of 
stock  of  practically  no  value.  Inspector 
Claralian,  in  whose  name  the  complaint  is 
made  out  and  who  has  been  in  charge  of 
the  preparation  of  the  case,  says  that  the 
plans  were  carried  out  in  the  following 
manner :  In  1907  Weil  secured  six  claims 
in  California  and  Nevada  which  had  been 
located  by  Jefferson  F.  Howell,  a  mining 
engineer,  and  early  in  that  year  there  was 
organized  the  Iiowell  and  Little  Mining 
Company,  incorporated  under  the  laws  of 
Arizona  for  $200,000.  The  claims  are  said 
never  to  have  been  worked  and  are  be¬ 
lieved  to  be  worth  nothing.  One  of  these 
claims  was  pur-chased  late  in  1907  by  a 
new  corporation  known  as  the  United 
States  Gold  Mining  Company,  which  Weil 
had  organized  meanwhile,  and  the  money 
obtained  by  the  Howell  and  Little  Com¬ 
pany  from  the  sale  of  one  of  its  claims 
was  used  to  pay  a  4  per  cent  dividend  on 
the  stock. 

The  United  States  Government  will  ac¬ 
cept  the  compromise  offer  of  $700,000  in 
full  settlement  of  the  drawback  cases  in 
which  the  sugar  trust  at  the  port  of  New 
York  defrauded  the  Treasury  of  large  sums 
of  money.  The  $700,000,  which  was  first 
deposited  in  the  United  States  Sub-Treas¬ 
ury  in  New  York,  is  now  in  the  vaults  of 
the  Treasury.  In  taking  up  the  compro¬ 
mise  offer  the  Government  will  assume  the 
attitude  that  it  has  not  sufficient  grounds 
for  prosecution.  The  sum  of  $700,000  in 
hard  cash  has  been  thought  better  by  offi¬ 
cials  than  a  suit  which  might  not  result 
favorably  for  the  Government.  The  de¬ 
cision  to  accept  the  $700,000  was  reached 
after  a  thorough  investigation  by  United 
States  District  Attorney  Wise  at  New 
York,  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
J.  F.  Curtis  and  William  F.  Thompson,  so¬ 
licitor  for  the  Treasury  Department.  The 
sugar  trust  presented  for  the  consideration 
of  the  officials  a  petition  setting  forth  the 
reasons  for  the  compromise  offer.  It  was 
signed  by  James  M.  Beck  and  Wickham 
Smith,  attorneys  for  the  trust.  It  will  not 
be  made  public.  According  to  some  officials 
of  the  Department,  the  trust  was  gradually 
forced  up  in  its  compromise  figures.  At 
first,  according  to  a  story  told  January  9, 
It  made  an  offer  of  $250,000.  This  was  not 
considered,  and  the  sum  was  raised  to 
$500,000,  which  at  the  time  was  said  to  be 
absolutely  the  limit.  The  Treasury  Depart¬ 
ment  still  refused  to  accept  this  amount. 
Then  the  trust  agreed  to  swell  it  to  $700,- 
000.  Consideration  of  the  facts  by  experts 
ended  in  the  conclusion  to  accept  rather 
than  try  to  fight.  The  acceptance  of  this 
sum  for  frauds  at  New  York  does  not 
affect  the  frauds  that  may  result  in  claims 
by  the  Government  at  New  Orleans  and 
San  Francisco. 

Three  coal  barges,  with  crews  aggregat¬ 
ing  14  men,  were  caught  January  10  off 
Peaked  Hill  bars.  Cape  Cod,  by  a  sudden 
twist  of  the  gale  from  westerly  to  north 
and  were  wrecked  in  sight  of  the  life  sav¬ 
ing  crews.  Two  bodies  wearing  life  belts 
marked  Treverton  have  been  washed  ashore, 
and  others  were  seen  with  pieces  of  wreck¬ 
age  floating  further  off  shore.  It  is  be¬ 
lieved  that  all  the  men  perished. 

FARM  AND  GARDEN. — The  tariff  board 
has  formulated  a  schedule  for  the  investi¬ 
gation  of  the  sheep  industry  in  the  western 
part  of  the  United  States.  This  schedule 
differs  considerably  from  the  one  used  in 
the  Eastern  States.  Up  to  this  time  the 
field  force  of  the  board  has  confined  its 
raw  wool  investigation  to  centres  east  of 
the  Mississippi  River.  With  Ohio  as  a 
base,  agents  of  the  board  have  visited  West 
Virginia,  Vermont,  western  Pennsylvania, 
Michigan  and  other  States  where  wool 
growing  is  an  important  industry.  Reports 
indicate  that  instead  of  being  opposed  to 
the  efforts  of  the  tariff  board  to  ascertain 
the  facts  regarding  cost  of  wool  produc¬ 
tion,  the  sheep  raisers  are  pleased  with 
the  manner  in  which  the  board  is  ap¬ 
proaching  the  work  and  are  cooperating  m 
every  possible  way  with  its  agents,  who 
are  in  all  cases  men  who  have  practical 
familiarity  with  the  business.  This  atti¬ 


tude  on  the  part  of  the  growers  has  greatly 
facilitated  the  inquiry. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  New  York 
State  'Fair  Commission  was  held  January 
4  at  the  office  of  the  Commissioner  of 
Agriculture,  at  Albany.  The  following 
officers  were  elected :  Vice-President,  Com¬ 
missioner  A.  A.  Pearson;  secretary,  Stan¬ 
ton  C.  Shaver ;  treasurer,  Albert  E.  Brown. 
The  week  of  September  11-16  was  selected 
for  the  next  fair.  It  was  decided  to  adopt 
a  plan  which  has  been  under  consideration 
for  some  time,  to  bring  to  the  fair  for  the 
entire  week  100  boys  from  all  parts  of  the 
State.  These  boys  will  be  selected  by  school 
authorities  and  Granges  and  each  one  will 
render  assistance  on  the  fair  grounds  one- 
half  of  each  day.  They  will  be  given  lec¬ 
tures  daily  and  allowed  to  submit  essays 
on  what  they  have  learned.  As  prizes  for 
these  essays  the  Commission  will  award 
purebred  live  stock  and  seed  corn. 

The  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States 
in  an  opinion  by  xYssociato  Justice  Harlan, 
January  9,  upheld  the  constitutionality 
of  the  statutes  of  the  State  of  Missouri 
making  it  a  misdemeanor  for  a  broker  to 
deduct  from  the  actual  weight  of  grain, 
seed,  hay  or  coal  or  other  articles  offered 
for  sale  for  alleged  loss  in  dirt  and  hand¬ 
ling.  The  statute  was  passed  in  1909. 
The  rules  of  the  Kansas  City  Board  of 
Trade  permitted  the  deductions.  The 
Missouri  statute  enacted  that  the  deduc¬ 
tions  invalidated  the  contract.  It.  J.  House, 
a  Kansas  City  broker,  was  arrested  by  the 
marshal  of  Jackson  County,  in  which  Kan¬ 
sas  City  is  located,  for  violating  the  sta¬ 
tute.  On  conviction  he  appealed.  The 
Missouri  Supreme  Court  affirmed  his  cou- 
viction  and  upheld  the  constitutionality  of 
the  law  by  a  vote  of  four  to  three.  At 
the  same  time  the  court  upheld  the  con¬ 
stitutionality  of  the  Missouri  law  imposing 
a  stamp  tax  on  board  of  trade  transactions 
and  referring  the  keeping  of  books  showing 
actual  transactions  and  delivery. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Independent  Asso¬ 
ciation  of  White  Burley  Tobacco  Growers 
of  Kentucky  and  Adjoining  States,  January 
5,  it  was  decided  by  vote  that  no  crop 
shall  bo  raised  in  1911.  This  association 
is  independent  of  the  Burley  Tobacco  So¬ 
ciety,  of  which  Clarence  Lebus  is  president, 
and  which  has  a  large  part  of  the  1909 
crop  pooled.  The  Burley  Society  has  as  yet 
taken  no  action  toward  cutting  out  the 
1911  crop.  It  will  control  something  like 
45  per  cent  of  the  white  hurley  raised, 
while  the  remainder  will  be  pooled  by  the 
newer  association. 

The  first  West  Virginia  State  Corn  Show 
was  held  January  5-7  in  connection  with 
the  short  course  of  the  College  of  Agricul¬ 
ture,  West  Virginia  University,  Morgan¬ 
town.  About  150  exhibitors  participated 
and  made  an  exceedingly  creditable  show¬ 
ing  for  the  first  show.  The  West  Virginia 
Corn  Growers’  Association  was  organized. 
The  purpose  is  to  further  the  development 
of  the  corn  growing  industry  in  the  State 
and  to  promote  a  greater  interest  among 
the  farmers.  The  following  officers  were 
chosen:  President,  J.  W.  Johnson,  Alder- 
son  ;  vice-president,  Dean  Sanderson,  of  the 
University ;  secretary  and  treasurer,  E.  W. 
Sheets,  Lost  Creek. 


Anti-parcels  Post  Petition. 

A  reader  sends  us  the  following  clipping 
from  the  Malone  (N.  Y.)  Telegram: 

“Canton,  Dec.  30. — Canton  merchants, 
opposed  to  the  establishment  of  parcels 
post,  are  signing  a  petition  to  be  presented 
to  Congressman  George  R.  Malby  asking 
him  to  use  his  best  efforts  to  defeat  any 
legislation  favorable  to  the  establishment 
of  such  a  service.  By  many  business  men 
here  it  is  believed  the  parcels  post  would 
prove  disastrous  to  the  merchants  of  small 
villages  and  beneficial  particularly  to  mail 
order  houses  and  the  department  stores  of 
large  cities.” 

These  “many  business  men”  have  a  right 
to  their  own  opinion,  but  so  have  the  many 
more  farmers  who  need  parcels  post.  Let 
these  business  men  keep  on  signing  peti¬ 
tions.  You  sit  right  down  and  write  a 
personal  letter  to  Mr.  Malby  at  Washing¬ 
ton  telling  him  respectfully  but  firmly  that 
you  want  parcels  post.  We  will  back  the 
personal  letter  against  the  petition  every 
time. 


The  potato  crop  in  the  Greeley  district 
has  been  variously  estimated  at  from  50 
to  75  per  cent,  of  normal.  In  this  local¬ 
ity  it  was  fully  90  per  cent.  I  think  50 
per  cent,  or  more  of  the  crop  was  stored. 
Since  harvest  the  price  has  been  75  cents 
per  hundred  most  of  the  time.  They  have 
been  moving  quite  rapidly  of  late.  As  to 
future  prospects  no  man  knoweth  except 
perhaps  the  middleman,  and  he  is  not  tell¬ 
ing  the  grower  all  he  knows.  c.  L.  a. 

Greeley,  Col. 


The 


Tnd«  Huk  j 

I  Not 
i  In  a 
I  Trust  i 


Century 

BOOT 


(Beacon  Falls  Brand) 

If  you  had  rubber 
boots  made  to  order, 
f  you  couldn’t  have 
them  made  better  than 
the  CENTURY  BOOT. 
It  is  made  of  the  best 
rubber  produced.  The 
vamp  is  made  extra 
strong.  To  prevent 
cracking  at  ankle 
k  an  extra  pure 
gum,  no-crack 
ankle  rein¬ 
forcement  is 
_  used. 

-  IT  IS  THE  CHEAPEST 

-  because  best-best  in  material,  best  In  workmanship, 
and  best  for  wear.  Those  facts  are  also  true  of  the  en¬ 
tire  Beacon  Falls  line.  When  you  want  a  high  grade 
satisfactory  rubber  boot  or  shoe,  insist  that  you  be 
shown  goods  bearing  the  Cross.  It  insures  you  quality 
and  service.  If  you  can’t  secure  Century  Boots  from 
your  dealer,  write  us.  Send  his  name.  W  e  will  see  that 
you  are  supplied.  Send  for  illustrated  booklet.  j( 
BEACON  FALLS  RUBBER  SHOE'C 

New  York  Chicago  Boston 


AUi  from  the 
be*t  Rubber  pro-  , 
docad  in  tlx  World 


SiwAUmfifl 


rr 


.  .1 


( 


r 


Use  the  Kewanee  System— the  No-Trouble  Water  Svstem 


HPHE  farmer  is  the  last  man 
_  who  can  afford  to  use  inferior 
equipment  of  any  kind — especially 

an  inferior 
water  supply 
plant.  A  break 
down  always 
happens  at 
the  wrong 
time  and  then 
you  hare  to  1  oose 
a  half  day  going 
to  town  for  re¬ 
pairs. 


The  Best  Farm  Water  System 

The  Kewanee  System  is  the  ideal  water 

Sstem  for  the  farm,  because  it  is  a  no-trou- 
e  water  system.  It  is  a  no-trouble  system 
because  our  years  of  experience  showed  us 
the  trouble  breeders.  We  left  them  out  when 
we  designed  our  line  of  pumping  machinery. 

We  have  a  complete  system  of  our  own 
manufacture  for  every  problem.  You  get 
what  your  problem  demands.  The  Kewanee 
is  a  specially  designed  system,  manufactured 
by  us — not  a  misfit  collection  of  parts,  sup¬ 
plied  at  random  by  several  manufacturers. 

It  is  not  tested  and  built  at  your  end,  but 
at  ours.  We  do  all  expert  detailed  work  here. 


so  your  Kewanee  System  is  bound  to  work 
all  right  when  you  get  it. 

W e  have  put  quality  into  the  system  to  save 
you  money — to  save  you  worry — to  save  you 
trouble.  Every  dollar  you  put  into  a  ke¬ 
wanee  System  comes  back  to  you  many  times 
over  in  service.  It  pays  like  fertilizing  pays. 

What  We  Do  for  You 

We  can  solve  your  water  supply  problem— 
tell  you  what  to  use  and  whatitwill  cost.  No 
charge  for  this  engineering  work.  Prices 
from  $70  up.  Write  for  catalog  and  men¬ 
tion  your  nearest  plumber  or  other  dealer 
who  installs  rater  supply  plants. 

A  cr  Catalog  No .  47 


Kewanee  Water  Supply  Co.,  Kewanee,  III. 

2080  Hudson-T erminal  Bldg^  50  Church  St..  New  York.  1212  Marquette  Bldg.,  Chicago 


74 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


January  21, 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

WOULD  YOU  HAVE  THE  WORLD  BE 
KIND? 

Would  you  have  the  world  be  kind? 

Then  he  kind  yourself ! 

Hide  not  gifts  of  heart  or  mind 
On  the  future’s  shelf — 

Give  what  you  can  spare,  and  more, 

From  to-day’s  most  precious  store. 

Would  you  meet  with  truth?  Then  truth 
You  must  proffer  first 
Life  hath  need  of  grace  and  ruth. 

But,  through  best  and  worst, 

Truth’s  gold  passes,  clear  and  straight 
Aud  is  always  worth  its  weight ! 

Would  you  honor  gain?  Be  swift 
To  give  honor  hue ; 

The  deserving  to  uplift, 

Crown  the  crowned  anew 
With  the  laurels  they  have  won 
In  whatever  work,  well  done. 

Would  you  be  beloved?  Then  love! 

And  be  sure  of  this 
Whatso’er  life's  gifts  may  prove, 

All  that  was,  or  is 
Grand,  or  dear,  or  fair,  is  less 
Than  Love’s  matchless  loveliness ! 

Mary  Ainge  De  Vere  (“Madeline  Bridges.'  ) 

* 

Some  European  educators  are  now  ad¬ 
vocating  brain  drill  with  the  fingers  as 
a  means  of  gaining  efficiency.  They  ad¬ 
vise  sewing,  fretwork,  netting,  and  in 
fact  everything  that  calls  for  manual  skill 
as  a  means  of  acquiring  an  active,  re¬ 
sourceful  and  versatile  brain.  It  is  held 
that  as,  in  every  manual  act,  the  hand  is 
directed  by  the  brain,  every  act  reacts 
on  the  brain,  strengthening  and  stimulat¬ 
ing  it.  W e  have  always  believed  in  these 
manual  dexterities  as  a  means  of  sooth¬ 
ing  nervous  fatigue;  it  is  noticeable  that 
a  woman  who  has  been  hard  at  work 
cooking  and  sewing  often  finds  relief  in 
some  sort  of  fancywork,  and  obtains  a 

mental  stimulus  from  it. 

* 

Here  is  a  suggestion  from  the  New 
York  Sun.  Medicine  so  strong  that  a 
dose  must  be  limited  to  seven  drops  had 
been  prescribed  for  the  man  with  un¬ 
steady  hands.  His  family  also  had  shaky 
hands,  and  as  there  was  no  medicine 
dropper  in  *the  house  it  looked  as  if 
somebody  would  have  to  make  a  mid¬ 
night  trip  to  the  drug  store.  But  a  visit¬ 
ing  relative  that  they  had  put  up  for  the 
night  suggested  an  alternative.  ■ 

“Take  that  half  of  that  raw  egg  shell — 
raw,  mind  you;  cooked  egg  shell  is  too 
brittle  and  crumbles  too  easily-  -that 
I  saw  lying  on  a  saucer  in  ilie  cupboard, 
drill  a  hole  in  it  the  size  of  a  pin  head 
and  let  the  medicine  trickle  through 
that.  It  will  be  sure  to  fall  out  in  drops 
of  the  required  size  and  you  couidn  t 

make  a  mistake  if  you  wanted  to.  ’ 

* 

An  odd  fact  relative  to  a  little  Afri¬ 
can  melon  is  thus  related  by  Major  Stan¬ 
ton,  the  late  Governor-General  of  Khar¬ 
toum  : 

The  jerboa  or  kangaroo-rat  is  found  in 
considerable  numbers  in  places  miles  and 
miles  away  from  any  water,  or  even  dew, 
and  I  was  at  a  loss  to  understand  how 
these  little  animals  could  exLst  through  the 
10  months  of  drought.  It  appears,  how¬ 
ever,  that  after  the  scanty  rains  a  small 
wild  melon,  of  bitter  taste,  but  full  of  juice, 
flourishes  in  the  desert.  The  jerboa,  as 
soon  as  the  melon  is  ripe,  bites  off  the 
stem  and  proceeds  to  dig  away  the  sand 
under  the  melon,  so  that  it  gradually  sinks 
below  the  level  of  the  ground.  The  con¬ 
stant  wind  soon  covers  it  with  six  inches 
to  eight  inches  of  sand,  which  protects  it 
from  the  scorching  sun  and  from  drying 
up.  When  all  other  moisture  has  evap¬ 
orated,  the  jerboa  goes  to  his  larder  and 
drinks  the  juice  of  the  melon  till  the  rains 
come  on  again.  One  jerboa  will  bury  as 
many  as  40  of  these  little  melons,  to  last 
him  through  the  dry  season. 

* 

Kansas  City,  Mo.,  recently  passed  an 
ordinance  compelling  women  to  sheathe 
their  hatpins;  a  protruding  pin  renders 
them  liable  to  a  fine  of  from  $1  to  $500. 
How  the  sheathing  is  to  be  effected  is 
not  stated.  We  have  never  been  able  to 
understand  the  mental  attitude  which 
permits  a  woman  to  make  herself  a 
public  nuisance  in  this  w<: /  There  is 
so  much  danger  in  such  a  fringe  of  dag¬ 
ger  points  that  one  wonders  how  aiiy 
woman  can  be  guilty  of  it ;  everyone  who 


travels  in  crowded  street  cars  and  ele¬ 
vators  can  realize  this.  Furthermore, 
the  projecting  pins  are  hideous,  absolute¬ 
ly  spoiling  the  appearance  of  a  pretty 
hat,  and  merely  adding  a  look  of  Afri¬ 
can  savagery  to  an  ugly  one.  As  the 
clipping  of  a  long  pin  is  a  very  simple 
matter,  there  really  seems  no  excuse  for 
this  particular  form  of  feminine  pervers¬ 
ity.  Of  course  a  hatpin  purchased  for 
one  of  the  spreading  canopies  of  1909 
projects  beyond  the  extinguisher  head- 
gear  of  1910-11 ;  therefore  it  should  be 
pruned.  Still,  the  sensible  women  whose 
hatpins  do  not  project  must  be  in  the 
majority,  in  spite  of  newspaper  critics ; 
otherwise  our  cities  would  be  full  of 
suffering  and  punctured  citizens  who 
have  fallen  victims  to  these  feminine 
javelins. 

* 

A  quaint  old  book,  printed  in  Eng¬ 
land  in  1744,  is  called  “Adam’s  Luxury 
and  Eve’s  Cookery.”  It  consists  of  two 
parts,  the  first  relating  to  gardening,  the 
second  to  the  cooking  of  garden  prod¬ 
ucts.  The  London  “Gardeners’  Chron¬ 
icle’’  quotes  some  of  the  recipes  given  in 
this  book,  which  show  great  differences 
in  the  methods  of  preparing  potatoes 
especially.  There  are  directions  for 
stewing  potatoes  with  salt,  pepper  and 
ale,  also  for  baking  them  “with  herrings, 
mixed  with  layers  of  pepper,  vinegar, 
salt,  sweet  herbs  and  water.”  Here  is 
the  recipe  given  for  “Potato  Pye.”  “Boil 
Potatos  (not  too  much),  cut  them  in 
slices  as  thick  as  your  Thumb,  season 
them  with  Nutmeg,  Cinnamon,  Ginger 
and  Sugar;  your  Paste  being  ready,  put 
them  in  upon  the  Bottom ;  add  to  them 
the  Marrow  of  two  or  three  Bones  sea¬ 
soned  with  Orange-Juice,  Orange-flower 
water,  beaten  spices  and  Rose-water,  a 
handful  of  stoved  Raisins  of  the  Sun, 
Dates,  Mango,  Citron,  with  Eringo 
Roots  slic’d;  put  Butter  over  it  and 
bake  them.  Let  their  Layer  be  a  little 
Vinegar,  Sack  and  Sugar,  beaten  up  with 
the  Yolk  of  an  Egg,  and  a  little  drawn 
Butter;  when  your  Pye  is  enough,  pour 
it  in,  shake  it  together,  scrape  over 
Sugar,  garnish  it  and  serve  it  up.”  The 
“Eringo  Roots”  referred  to  are  the 
fleshy  roots  of  sea  holly  (Eryngium),  a 
member  of  the  carrot  family;  the  roots 
are  candied  by  European  confectioners, 
and  are  also  boiled  or  roasted,  being  said 
to  taste  like  chestnuts. 

* 

The  recent  inquiry  in  “Publisher’s 
Desk”  regarding  a  medical  firm  profess¬ 
ing  to  cure  epilepsy,  saddens  one  with 
thoughts  of  the  many  sufferers  who  turn 
to  such  charlatans  as  a  last  hope  for 
relief.  The  epileptic  is  especially  at  the 
mercy  of  such  quacks,  because  it  seems 
hard  to  believe  that  a  person  who  may 
appear  healthy  and  normal  during  the  | 
intervals  between  attacks  is  not  readily  ! 
curable.  Unhappily,  it  is  often  a  case 
where  the  sins  of  the  fathers  are  thus 
visited  upon  the  children,  but  whatever 
the  cause,  one  foundation  truth  must  be 
insisted  upon — no  distant  mail  order 
quack  possesses  any  knowledge  that  is 
not  open  to  the  reputable  physician  near 
at  hand.  Some  years  ago  we  visited 
the  Craig  Colony  for  Epileptics,  one  of 
our  great  State  institutions.  Here  were 
hundreds  of  afflicted  persons,  some  bright 
and  intelligent  in  appearance,  some 
almost  imbecile,  but  all  alike  in  that 
they  might  fall  into  fire  or  into  water 
like  the  man  in  the  Gospel,  when  their 
evil  spirit  came  upon  them.  We  learned 
from  the  doctor  in  charge  that  fresh 
air,  abundant  exercise  and  careful  diet 
were  chiefly  relied  upon  to  ameliorate 
their  condition,  medicine  being  little 
used ;  indeed,  it  was  held  that  many 
drugs  used  by  quacks  to  “cure  fits”  were 
most  injurious.  In  the  dietary,  pork  in 
any  form  was  absolutely  forbidden. 
Beef  and  mutton  were  used  rather  spar¬ 
ingly,  a  liberal  vegetable  diet  being  pro¬ 
vided,  and  tea,  coffee  and  alcohol  were 
cut  out.  Skim  milk  was  freely  used  as 
a  beverage,  but  not  whole  milk;  we  be¬ 
lieve  excess  of  fat  was  avoided.  Right 
living  and  right  thinking  were  the  two 
great  factors  in  improvement.  What 
we  saw  there  impressed  us  with  the  fact 
that  wholesome  farm  life,  with  proper 
dietary,  is  the  surest  hope  of  the  epi¬ 
leptic. 


To  Take  Raw  Eggs. 

Raw  eggs  are  often  prescribed  by 
physicians,  and  those  fresh  laid  are  not 
too  bad  to  take.  Some  people  heroically 
swallow  them  whole,  after  the  fashion 
of  small  boys  sucking  eggs  surreptitious¬ 
ly  at  the  barn.  I  can  say  from  experience 
they  are  not  very  palatable  served  in 
this  manner.  With  vinegar  and  a  dash 
of  salt  and  pepper  they  go  down  easier, 
and  sometimes  one  can  drink  them  in 
milk,  beaten  or  just  broken  in  whole. 
Sugar  and  flavoring  may  be  added  if 
desired.  I  have  taken  them  in  this  way 
and  nearly  raw,  just  jellied  in  boiling 
water,  but  found  that  four  or  five  a 
day  made  me  bilious,  as  I  was  not  tak¬ 
ing  much  exercise,  so  to  relieve  this  I 
began  eating  oranges  too  with  very 
good  results,  and  soon  hit  upon  a  sort 
of  orangeade  that  was  very  good  indeed, 
made  as  follows : 

Beat  one  egg  very  light  with  just  a 
tiny  pinch  of  salt  and  enough  sugar 
to  sweeten  to  taste.  Peel  and  cut  one 
orange  (a  half  of  one  will  do  if  very 
juicy)  into  tiny  pieces  and  add  to  the 
beaten  egg  and  sugar,  then  fill  cup  up 
with  cold  water.  This  can  also  be  made, 
using  the  juice  of  a  lemon  instead  of 
the  orange,  and  is  a  pleasant,  nourish¬ 
ing  drink,  very  useful  in  sickness,  but 
nice  at  any  time.  Fruit  cake  or  cookies 
are  very  good  served  with  the  lemonade 
for  luncheon.  I  do  not  think  the  un¬ 
initiated  could  guess  what  was  in  the 
lemonade.  It  is  a  foamy,  creamy  look¬ 
ing  beverage.  One  of  my  friends  asked 
if  there  was  cream  in  it  when  I  asked 
her  to  guess. 

The  egg  and  orange  diet  agreed  with 
me  so  well  that  I  gained  in  health  and 
strength  steadily.  Since  then  I  have 
heard  of  a  patient  who  thought  he  had 
been  cured  of  consumption  by  eating 
quantities  of  raw  eggs  and  oranges. 
That  seems  to  me  a  good  deal  to  claim 
for  any  food,  and  probably  there  were 
other  very  favorable  conditions.  But  if 
one  has  been  ordered  to  take  raw  eggs 
this  is  a  very  good  way  to  take  them. 

F. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Thh 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


Economical  Dresses 

You  can  have  remark¬ 
ably  stylish  cotton  dresses 
and  the  cost  will  be  ex¬ 
tremely  moderate  if  you 
select 

Simpson- 
Eddystone 
•Silver  Grey  Prints 

These  calicodress-goods 
are  of  the  highest  quality 
—  recognized  as  the  stan¬ 
dard  for  over  65  years. 
The  cloth  is  well-woven 
and  durable  ;  designs  are 
new  and  artistic  ;  color  is 
rich  and  will  not  fade. 

Show  this  advertisement  to  your  deal¬ 
er  when  you  order,  and  don’t  accept 
substitutes.  If  not  in  your  dealer’s 
Stock  write  us  his  name  and  address. 
We’ll  help  him  supply  you. 

The  Eddyitone  Mfg.Co.,  Philadelphia 
Established  by  Wm.  Simpson,  Sr. 


More  Sap 
More  Maple  Sugar 

’You  get  every  drop  of  sap  your  trees 
yield,  and  without  damage  or  inconvenience,  by 
using  scientific  sap  spouts— metal  spouts  that  ex¬ 
clude  air. 

Other  spouts  injure  the  trees,  waste  the  sap, 
freeze  up  and  sour. 


Post’s  Eureka  Sap  Spouts 

The  Eureka  Patented  “Air  Trap”  prevents 
freezing  or  drying  up,  and  allows  constant  flow 
from  even  the  outer  pores  of  the  tree. 

And  will  yield  in  one  season  enough  extra  sap 
to  more  than  pay  their  cost.  Made  in  two  styles, 
3/i  inches  long.  Samples  of  each  5c.  Send  for 
circular  and  price  list. 

C.  C.  Stelle,  Sole  M’f'r,  75  Fifth  Ave.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


A  Personal 
Word 

The  rich  and 
prosperous  class 
can  always  com¬ 
mand  the  lux¬ 
uries  of  life,  but 
the  average 
home  lover  needs 
the  Spear  System 
of  Credit  to  the 
Nation.  I  want 
1,000,000  families 
to  say  of  me:— 
"  He  helped  us 
to  furnish  and 
beautify  our 
homes.”  I  ask 
for  no  higher  tri¬ 
bute  to  my  life’s 
work.  Write  for 
my  Free  Catalog, 


NO  matter  where  you  live,  you  can  buy  everything  needed 
for  the  home  from  us  on  credit  and  on  easy  payments 
to  suit  your  convenience.  All  you  need  to  do  is  to  mail 
ns  your  name  and  address  and  we  will  at  once  send  you, 
free,  our  Mammoth  Home  Furnishing  Catalog,  con¬ 
taining  illustrations  from  photographs  and  full  des¬ 
criptions  of  thousands  of  articles  in  Furniture,  Rugs, 
Carpets  and  Home  Furnishings  sold  by  ns  on  long  time, 
open  account,  easy  credit  terms. 

Credit  Buying  Made  Easy 

TVith  the  aid  of  this  Big  Bargain  Catalog,  you  can  select 
anything  you  want—  Furniture, Carpets,  Rugs,  Stoves,  Ranges, 
Refrigerators,  Sewing  Machines,  Baby  Carriages,  Oo-Caria, 
Silverware,  Dishes,  Phonographs,  Washing  Machines,  Clocks, 
etc.,  —  to  a  greater  advantage  than  if  you  wore  to  visit 
personally  even  the  largest  city  stores;  because  we  offer 

?ou  not  only  a  vastly  larger  I  and  better  stock  to  choose 
rom,  but  your  selections  are  made  at  home  after  consult¬ 
ing  your  family  and  without  suggestions  from  clerks  who 
may  seek  to  influence  you. 

Pay  When  Convenient 

Your  credit  is  good  with  us.  Why  not  use  it! 

Under  our  liberal,  open  account,  easy  payment  plan 
yon  can  have  every  possible  advantage  in  buying  for 
your  home  possessed  by  the  most  favored  and  well- 
to-do-shopper  in  the  city  stores.  Our  credit  sys¬ 
tem  is  extended  to  honest  people,  everywhere,  re¬ 
gardless  of  their  income.  You  need  not  deny  your¬ 
self  any  article  of  household  comfort  or  luxury  on 
account  of  a  lack  of  ready  cash.  Select  what  you 
want  from  our  Catalog,  pay  a  little  cash  down  and 
a  little  each  month. 


Plymouth  Range 

$3.75  Down 

The  range  that  ha*  caaied 
■uch  a  sensation  and  cre¬ 
ated  so  much  talk. 


Our  Prices  Are  The  Lowest 

While  our  credit  terms  are  the  most  liberal  in  the 
country,  yet  our  prices  are  the  lowest. 
Thisisbecauseotour  immense  purchas¬ 
ing  power  and  enormous  volume  of  sales. 
We  buy  goods  in  such  vast  quantities 
that  we  Becure  better  prices  than  would 
be  possible  to  smaller  concerns,  and 
by  extending  our  business  to  tens  of 
thousands  of  customers  all  over  the 
country,  we  can  afford  to  accept  just 
one  small  added  profit  from  each  sale. 
We  allow  no  store  or  factory  on  earth 
to  undersell  us.  Get  our  prices  and 
be  your  own  judgeof  whether  or  not  we 
saveyou  from  20  to  50  per  cent  on  your 
home  furnishings. 


Only  82.26  Down  and 
8  1 .00  Par  Month 


Brussels  Rugs, 
Bx  12— SI  t. 98 
and  up 


With  Order 
Balance  50c  Payable  Monthly 


Take  A  Month  To  Decide 

Anything  yon  select  from 
our  Bargain  Catalog  will 
be  shipped  on  approval. 

Keep  the  goods  30  days, 
then  decide  to  buy  or  re¬ 
turn  at  our  expense.  If  you 
are  not  fully  satisfied,  the 
goods  may  be  shipped  back 
to  us  at  our  expense  and  your 
first  payment  and  freight 
charges  refunded  you. 

Big  Rocker  Bargain 

A  large,  comfortable,  solid  oak 
Rocker  with  high,  wide  back,  fully 
tufted  and  buttoned  with  heavy 
ruffled  edge.  Seat  is  large  and 
roomy, upholstered  withhign-grade 
black  Sylvan  leather  over  full  steel 
spring  construction,  and  has  a  beautifully  rut 
fled  edge  to  match  back.  Construction  is  solid . 
golden  oak  throughout,  with  high  gloss  golden 
finish.  Arms  are  wide,  front  postB  of  handsome 
design.  Satisfaction  guaranteed  or  money  back. 

Write  For  Free  Catalog  Today 


SPEAR  &  COMPANY,  Department  19MM  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


19X1 


THE  RUFAI,  NEW-YORKER 


76 


My  Way  of  Making  Bread. 

We  each  have  our  way  of  doing  work. 
It  may  not  be  the  best  way  for  all,  but 
we  often  have  to  adapt  ourselves  to 
circumstances.  When  we  find  every¬ 
thing  working  to  a  successful  issue, 
practice  making  perfect,  why  should 
we  change?  I  have  learned  to  system- 
ize  my  work  as  much  as  possible,  do  it 
in  the  easiest  manner,  if  same  results 
are  obtained.  In  living  in  various  parts 
of  the  country  I  have  found  many  kinds 
of  flour.  But  for  bread  making  I  find 
the  Spring  wheats,  No.  1  hard,  with 
probably  a  little  Winter  wheat  mixed  in 
the  eastern  flours  is  the  best  I  put  the 
cake  of  yeast  to  soak  in  the  forenoon ; 
sometime  about  one  o'clock  or  after  din¬ 
ner.  I  make  a  stiff  sponge  with  warm 
water  and  a  little  salt  (a  teaspoon 
level  full),  putting  the  yeast  and  beat¬ 
ing  until  well  mixed,  place  where  it  is 
warm,  and  at  8.30  or  9  o’clock  the  bread 
is  made.  In  Winter  I  have  the  flour 
sifted  and  set  by  the  stove,  or  where  it 
will  be  well  warmed.  Of  course  in 
warm  weather  it  is  not  required.  I 
make  a  hole  in  the  pan  of  flour,  pour 
in  the  yeast,  and  use  for  wetting  one- 
third  sweet  milk  to  two-thirds  warm 
water  (in  cool  weather).  Mix  stiff, 
perhaps  10  minutes  spent  in  the  opera¬ 
tion.  Spring  wheat  flours  require  a 
stiffer  dough  than  Winter  wheat.  It  is 
sticky  and  more  flour  is  kneaded  in. 

I  am  a  light  sleeper,  and  always  awake 
about  three  or  four  in  the  morning.  I 
get  up  and  knead  the  bread  down, 
spending  perhaps  about  five  minutes  in 
the  work.  It  is  usually  light  before 
breakfast,  and  made  into  loaves.  I  do 
not  use  a  board ;  take  out  enough  for  a 
loaf,  simply  make  into  form,  and  put 
into  tins.  There  is  no  stickiness  about 
it,  or  need  of  a  board  or  flour.  It  is 
light,  elastic,  cracks  and  snaps  when 
worked  into  the  loaves.  In  warm 
weather  my  bread  is  always  out  of  the 
oven  by  eight  o’clock,  in  Winter  by  10. 

MRS.  FREDERICK  C.  JOHNSON. 

The  Secret  of  Hospitality. 

When  a  girl  I  visited  for  a  week  occa¬ 
sionally  with  Aunt  Mary  and  her  daugh¬ 
ters.  During  one  of  my  visits  a  letter 
came  from  a  relative,  an  elderly  man  of 
some  note.  He  was  coming  North  for 
the  Summer,  and  wished  to  spend  a  few 
days  with  this  niece  and  her  family, 
whom  he  had  not  seen  for  years.  I  as¬ 
sisted  in  the  preparations  for  the  guest, 
and  it  seemed  to  me  that  the  family  was 
under  a  great  strain,  great  attention  was 
given  to  every  detail  and  elaborate  prep¬ 
arations  made  for  meals.  When  the  guest 
arrived,  everything  that  could  be  polished 
had  been  polished,  everything  cleaned 
that  could  be  cleaned.  The  house  was 
immaculate,  the  meals  perfect,  the  crystal 
and  china  sparkling.  But  the  family 
seemed  so  worn  and  anxious,  and  it  was 
a  real  relief  when  the  strain  was  over. 

Young  as  I  was,  the  thought  came  to 
me:  “Why,  if  mother  did  so  much  extra 
work  for  each  of  the  many  guests  we 
have,  we  should  require  several  ser¬ 
vants.”  Then  another  thought  followed: 
“Perhaps  we  have  mother’s  calmness  to 
thank  for  our  many  guests.”  When  I 
returned  home  mother  told  me  that 
Uncle  Wilbur  had  visited  her. 

“Then  you  must  be  very  tired,  mother.” 
“No,  child,  his  visit  was  a  treat  and 
a  rest.  I  tried  to  lessen  my  work  while 
he  was  here  and  thoroughly  enjoyed  the 
time.  He  read  me  the  notes  for  his  new 
book,  and  seemed  so  glad  that  I  had  the 
time  to  listen.” 

"Aunt  Mary  did  not  know  that  he  was 
writing  a  book.” 

“No,  the  dear  old  soul  said  that  he 
thought  that  Mary  was  not  well,  seemed 
over-burdened  in  some  way,  and  he  did 
not  want  to  take  any  of  her  time.” 

Later  I  found  that  he  thought  my 
home  a  haven,  the  very  spot  he  had 
longed  for,  in  which  quietly  to  complete 
his  work.  What  had  mother  done?  She 
had  not  altered  her  household  routine  in 
the  least,  only  to  leave  some  few  things 


undone,  that  she  might  have  more  spare 
time.  Uncle  Wilbur  had  found  a  house¬ 
hold  glad  to  have  him  as  a  guest,  had 
found  no  pretense  of  a  different  standard 
of  living. 

That  is  the  sweetest  kind  of  hospital¬ 
ity.  We  love  our  friends  and  long  occa¬ 
sionally  to  peep  in  on  them,  and,  with¬ 
out  causing  any  flutter,  chat  and  bide  a 
while.  We  love  them  for  what  we  know 
they  are,  not  for  what  they  have,  not  for 
what  they  may  try  to  be,  out  of  all  good, 
but  mistaken  feeling.  Do  you  know  the 
fine  feeling  when  you  know  that  your 
coming  has  caused  no  rush  nor  anxiety, 
when  simply  a  place  is  arranged  for  you 
and  you  live  for  a  while  with  your  dear 
ones  and  have  a  glimpse  of  life  as  they 
live  it  to  carry  away  in  your  heart. 

L.  s. 

Little  Tricks  of  the  Housekeeping 
Trade. 

What  housewife  has  not  been  annoyed 
at  times  by  the  rasping  sound  produced 
by  scraping  the  cooking  utensils  with 
a  knife,  especially  if  there  is  a  sick  per¬ 
son  in  the  house?  Eggshells  crushed 
flat  against  the  surface  of  a  dish  and 
rubbed  over  the  sticky  parts  will  re¬ 
move  all  particles  quite  as  effectually  as 
the  knife,  and  do  it  so  easily  and  quietly 
that  one  wonders  where  the  noise  is. 
All  utensils  should  be  well  soaked  be¬ 
fore  washing.  Much  scraping  scratches 
and  wears  out  the  enamel  or  tin. 

When  using  an  old  boiler  that  rusts 
the  clothes,  or  bad  water  which  makes 
a  scum  that  sticks  to  the  things  boiled 
in  it,  try  putting  the  clothes  into  a  bag 
to  boil  them.  The  boiling  or  scalding 
is  just  as  effective  in  this  way,  and  no 
spots  from  rust  or  bad  water  are  left 


to  vex  the  housewife.  By  using  two 
bags  the  small  articles  may  be  kept 
separate  from  the  larger  pieces.  Flour 
sacks  with  the  letters  removed  are  ex¬ 
cellent  for  the  purpose. 

A  double  boiler  which  is  unsurpassed 
by  anything  more  elaborate  or  expen¬ 
sive  is  obtained  by  using  the  iron  din¬ 
ner  pot,  into  which  is  set  a  cottolene 
or  lard  pail  containing  the  food  to  be 
cooked.  All  cereals  are  more  appetizing 
and  more  wholesome  for  thorough 
cooking,  and  are  best  cooked  in  this 
way.  Care  should  be  observed  to  keep 
the  kettle  from  boiling  dry. 

We  had  several  unhappy  experiences 
with  the  clothes  line  prop  blowing  over 
and  letting  the  clean  clothes  sag  down 
in  the  dirt.  Something  had  to  be  done. 
We  fastened  the  clothes  line  to  the  top 
of  the  prop,  tying  it  in  place  with  a 
cord,  but  we  could  not  stretch  the  line 
tight  enough  to  keep  it  from  sagging 
when  the  clothes  were  hung  out.  Then 
we  drove  a  stake  in  the  ground  about 
three  feet  from  the  prop,  and  at  right 
angles  with  the  clothes  line.  We  passed 
a  line  from  the  stake  to  the  prop  and 
secured  it  a  little  above  the  middle, 
stretching  it  tight.  The  prop  is  set  up 
straight,  holding  the  clothes  line  a  little 
higher  in  the  center  than  at  the  ends. 
This  prevents  blowing  over  on  either 
side. 

I  often  find  it  necessary  to  repair  or 
renew  button  holes  on  the  underwear 
and  trousers  worn  by  my  small  boys. 
For  this  purpose  I  save  all  the  good 
strong  button  holes  from  their  worn- 
out  garments,  cutting  a  square  of  the 
cloth,  in  which  it  is  worked,  around  the 
button  hole  large  enough  to  insure 


strength' and  firmness.  This  little  square 
is  sewed  on  like  a  patch  with  the  good 
button  hole  over  the  frayed  or  broken 
One.  JESSIE  CARPENTER. 

Eggplant,  Baked,  Tomato  Sauce — Se¬ 
lect  a  good-sized  eggplant  of  regular 
shape.  Immerse  it  in  boiling  salted 
water  and  cook  for  15  minutes.  Cut  a 
slice  from  the  top,  leaving  the  stem  on 
if  there  is  one.  Scoop  out  the  inside, 
leaving  only  one-quarter  inch  or  less  ad¬ 
hering  to  the  skin.  Put  the  pieces  in  a 
bowl  with  one  teaspoonful  of  salt  for 
one  hour.  Squeeze  them  well,  to  take  all 
the  water  out ;  chop  them  coarsely. 
Meantime  cut  one  quart  of  fresh  toma¬ 
toes  in  pieces,  put  them  in  a  small  gran¬ 
ite  saucepan  with  three  medium-sized 
white  onions,  sliced,  two  springs  of  pars¬ 
ley,  a  small  bay  leaf,  one  clove  and  the 
greens  from  a  large  stalk  of  celery;  cook 
fast  for  20  minutes,  with  uncovered 
saucepan,  stirring  often.  Strain  through 
a  fine  strainer,  letting  all  the  pulp  of  the 
tomatoes  go  through.  Soak  one  level 
cupful  of  white  bread  crumbs  in  milk, 
squeeze  well,  add  it  to  the  fleshy  part 
of  the  eggplant  and  then  add  one-half 
of  the  tomato  sauce.  Reserve  the  other 
half  to  serve  as  a  sauce.  Add  two  yolks 
of  raw  eggs,  one  tablespoonful  of  butter, 
one  saltspoonful  of  salt,  one  of  pepper ; 
mix  all  well  together,  fill  up  the  egg¬ 
plant  very  full,  spread  over  the  top  a 
thin  layer  of  fine  white  bread  crumbs. 
Put  three  tablespoonfuls  of  olive  oil  in 
a  baking  pan  with  the  eggplant  and  cook 
in  a  hot  oven  40  minutes.  Baste  three 
times.  Just  before  time  to  serve  heat 
the  tomato  puree,  which  is  to  be  served 
as  a  sauce  around  the  eggplant,  season 
it  with  one  saltspoonful  of  salt,  one-half 
saltspoonful  of  pepper  and  half  a  table¬ 
spoonful  of  fresh  butter. 


Home  Lovers’  Bargain  Book 

New  Edition  Ready — Showing  3,000  Housefurnishings  Bought  at  Enormous 
Reductions.  Terms — CASH  or  CREDIT,  at  an  Equal  Price. 


As  our  customers  know,  we  buy  nothing  but 
bargains.  All  the  time  we  have  several  millions 
of  dollars  waiting  for  makers  who  must  have 
money-makers  who  must  unload. 

We  contract  for  a  factory’s  entire  surplus  out¬ 
put.  Or  we  buy  up  factory  over-stocks.  We 
buy  anything  for  the  home  which  we  can  buy  at 
a  bargain.  And  every  few  months  we  get  out  a 
new  Bargain  Book. 

Our  latest  book  is  now  ready.  It  pictures 
more  than  3,000  bargains  in  things  for  the  home. 
Some  of  the  prices  are  almost  unbelievable.  On 
every  one  we  guarantee  a  saving  of  15  to  504. 

We  want  to  mail  you  that  book. 

Pay  As  Convenient 

We  sell  for  cash  or  credit  at  an  equal  price. 
About  600,000  people  have  charge  accounts  here. 
They  have  goods  sent  on  approval,  and  pay  as 
convenient— a  little  each  month.  We  allow  on 
the  average  over  a  year  to  pay,  without  any 
interest  or  any  extra  price. 

We  are  glad  to  give  credit  to  anyone  who  buys 
things  for  the  home.  There  is  no  security,  no 
publicity,  no  red  tape.  Your  promise  to  pay  is 
just  as  good  as  the  cash.  This  helps  many 
people  to  buy  things  which  they  could  not  buy 
otherwise.  Thousands  of  wives  pay  for  house¬ 
hold  things  out  of  chicken  and  butter  money. 

No.  28X845 
—  B  argain 
Turkish 
Couch.  Full 
size,  uphols¬ 
tered  in  guar¬ 
anteed  steel 
c  o  nstruction 
and  covered 
in  finest  fig¬ 
ured  velour.  Massive  carved  solid  oak  to  JC 
claw-foot  frame.  Special  bargain  price 
Cash  or  Credit 

High-grade 
9xl2-foot  rug 
b  a  r  g  a  i  n  s 
bought  at  auc¬ 
tion  from  the 
largest  manu¬ 
facturer  in  the 
United  States. 

A  saving  of 
30%  is  guaran¬ 
teed  on  every 
rug.  All  pat¬ 
terns  and  col¬ 
ors.  Bargain 

{>rices  as  fol- 
ows: 


Bargains  In 

Furniture 

Silverware 

Carpets 

Chinaware 

Rugs 

Graphophones 

Draperies 

Washing  Machines 

Stoves 

Sewing  Machines 

Ranges 

Baby  Cabs 

Pianos 

Lamps  and  Clocks 

Cash 

or  Credit 

~  ^  No.  16X1035- 

Colonial  Ped- 
e  s  t  a  1  Dining 
Table  Bargain. 

A  Months  Trial 

Every  article  is  sent  on  30  days’  approval.  You 
have  it  a  month  before  you  actually  buy  it.  If  it 
isn’t  such  a  bargain  as  you  expected  you  can 
return  it  at  our  expense.  We  will  pay  freight 
both  ways. 

You  can  see  any  one  of  these  3.000  bargains— 
right  in  your  home— without  being  obliged  to 
keep  it.  If  you  don’t  keep  it  the  trial  won't  cost 
you  a  penny. 

Bargain  Book  Free 

This  mammoth  book  of  3,000  bargains  will  be 
mailed  you  free.  Every  woman  will  find  it  im¬ 
mensely  interesting— to  see  the  prices  at  which 
beautiful  things  can  be  bought.  Some  of  the 
pictures  are  in  actual  colors. 

Cut  out  this  coupon  and  send  it  to  us.  The 
book  will  then  come  by  next  mail.  Please  do 
this  before  you  forget  it. 


factory  making  this  table,  hence 
the  low  bargain  price  of . 

Cash  or  Credit 


Solid  oak, gold¬ 
en  finish,  42- 
inch  top, heavy 
pedestal, 
carved  legs 
and  claw  feet. 
We  control  the 

..$10.35 


Cut  Out  This  Coupon 

SPIEGEL,  MAY,  STERN  CO. 

1292  35th  Street,  Chicago 
I  i  Mail  me  the  Bargain  Book. 

□  Mail  me  the  Stove  Catalog. 


Name _ 

Post  Office. 
State 


I  am  particularly  interested  in 


Name  article  you  most  desired 


Tapestry  Brussels 
Rugs,  9x12  ft . 


Velvet 

Rugs,  9x12  ft. _ ...... 

Axminster 

Rugs,  9x12  ft . 

Cash  or  Credit 


No.  30X1820-  Steel 

Range  Bargain.  Made 

in  our  famous  Empire 

^  e  factory.  One  of  the 

$11.95  np  grandest  ranges  ever 

built.  We  guarantee  a 

13  95  nn  savin2  of  at  least  %  on 
M.&.W  up  all  stoves  sold  by  us 

.  -  PA  This  style,  bargain  price 
1  LbU  up  from  $18.20  up,  accord¬ 
ing  to  size. 

Cash  or  Credit 


No.  4X1 195— Astound¬ 
ing  Combination  Book¬ 
case  Bargain.  Solid  oak, 
golden  finish,  heavily 
carved.  Has  French 
plate  mirror,  large  writ¬ 
ing  space,  drawer  and 
cabinet.  Is  71  inches 
high  and  38  inches  wide. 
Dealer’s  price  $16.50. 
Onr  bargain  (11  QC 
cut  price,  Y  11.30 

Cash  or  Credit 


LX485— English  Fold¬ 
ing  Go-Cart  Bargain. 
Newest  1911  design.  We 
take  the  factory  output 
at  a  specially  low  price. 
Has  steel  frame,  fabri- 
cord  leather  upholster¬ 
ing  and  large  rubber 
tires.  The  best  collaps¬ 
ible  go-cart  on  the  mar¬ 
ket.  Factory  $4  OC 
bargain  price,  y“*oj 

Cash  or  Credit 


No.  50X435  —  Tufted  Back 
Upholstered  Rocker  Bargain’ 
We  bought  9,200  at  actual  fac¬ 
tory  cost  price  for  spot  cash 
from  a  manufacturer  who  re¬ 
quired  immediate  money.  This 
is  a  beautifulrocker  upholstered 
In  guaranteed  fabrlcordleather. 
The  American  quarter-sawed 
oak  frame  is  finely  finished  and 
handsomely  carved.  A  great 
bargain.  Factory  bar-  (J  OC 
gain  price, 


(80) 


SPIEGEL,  MAY,  STERN  CO.,  1292 


Cash  or  Credit 

35th  Street,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKEE 


January  21, 


70 

Wrinkles  and  Recipes. 

I  wonder  how  many  of  our  readers 
are  buying  steak  from  the  itinerant 
butcher?  I  have  been  for  years,  and 
while  commending  its  freshness  have 
long  lamented  its  toughness.  Last 
Summer,  however,  I  hit  upon  the  plan 
of  running  it  all  through  my  food  chop¬ 
per  and  making  Hamburger  of  it. 
Occasionally  I  add  a  little  onion  for 
variety.  I  usually  buy  three  or  four 
pounds  at  once,  as  I  have  a  chance  but 
once  a  week,  and  after  grinding  fry  half 
in  small  cakes  held  together  with  a 
little  salted  and  peppered  flour,  and  boil 
the  rest  for  hash,  adding  onion  always 
to  this  portion.  The  little  ones  and 
father,  especially,  hail  the  change  with 
delight,  as  neither  could  masticate  the 
meat  in  its  original  form. 

Pie  has  for  several  years  been  a 
tabooed  article  with  some  members  of 
our  family,  although  all  are  fond  of  it. 
So  the  other  day  I  made  baking  powder 
crust,  rich  as  for  shortcake,  rolled  it 
very  thin,  and  used  it  for  pies  in  lieu 
of  the  lard  article.  It  took  upon  itself 
a  beautiful  brown  flaky  appearance,  and 
when  it  appeared  at  dinner  the  cry  went 
forth,  “What  kind  of  pie  is  that?”  To 
mv  answer,  “Huckleberry,”  a  groan  went 
up  with  “ohs”  and  “ahs”  and  “How  I 
wish  1  rnigh  eat  some,  but  pie  crust 
never  does  agree  with  me.”  "But,”  I 
said,  “this  is  different,  so  do  try  some.” 
So  all  ventured,  albeit  some  rather  gin¬ 
gerly,  and  not  one  suffered  any  ill 
effects.  It  was  very  light,  tender,  and 
Really  costs  much  less  with  us  than  the 
lard  crust,  as  lard  is  now  15  cents  per 
pound,  and  it  requires  so  much  to  make 
a  tender  crust  by  the  older  recipes. 
Then,  too,  a  little  dab  left  makes  a 
dainty  biscuit  or  two,  instead  of  going 
to  the  pigs  or  being  set  aside  until  hard 
or  moldy. 

There  is  always  such  an  absolute  cer¬ 
tainty  about  baking  powder  biscuit  crust, 
with  its  quart  of  flour  to  two  teaspoons 
baking  powder,  etc.,  my  luck  has  been 
so  good,  that  1  always  shrink  from  ex¬ 
perimenting  with  sour  cream  and  soda, 
especially  when  I  have  company.  But  1 
like  my  city  friends  especially  to  enjoy 
the  cream  biscuits  so  I  have  begun  to 
use  the  following  formula,  which  I  never 
vary,  and  which  thus  far  has  produced 
delicious  biscuit  with  uniformly  good 
results :  One  cup  thick  sour  cream,  two 
cups  nice  buttermilk  (old  will  not  doj, 
one  rounding  teaspoon  soda,  one  heap¬ 
ing  teaspoon  baking  powder  dissolved 
in  the  milk,  one  teaspoon  salt  and  one 
tablespoon  sugar  sifted  with  sufficient 
flour  to  make  as  soft  a  dough  as  can 
be  handled  on  the  molding  board.  The 
soda  sweetens  and  the  baking  powder 
lightens,  which  soda  alone  will  not  do 
satisfactorily  I  think  in  biscuit.  This 
recipe  makes  a  dozen. 

1  am  always  trying  new  recipes  for 
dark  cakes,  as  we  like  them  better  than 
the  white  ones,  and  they  have  the 
added  merit  of  improving  with  age.  So 
the  other  day  I  gladly  tried  a  new  one 
handed  me  by  a  neighbor,  which  is  at 
once  the  best  and  cheapest  of  any  1  have 
ever  used.  One  cup  sugar,  one  egg,  but¬ 
ter  or  lard  size  of  an  egg,  one  level 
teaspoon  soda,  one-half  teaspoon  each  of 
nutmeg  and  cloves,  one  teaspoon  cinna¬ 
mon,  one  cup  raisins,  three  cups  water, 
and  about  two  cups  of  flour,  though  it 
is  always  safest  to  bake  a  tester,  as 
flour  varies  so  greatly.  Boil  the  raisins 
in  the  water  till  you  have  but  one  cup 
of  juice  besides  the  fruit.  Dissolve  the 
soda  in  this  and  when  cool  add  to  the 
creamed  sugar,  egg  and  butter,  then  add 
the  sifted  flour  and  lastly  fold  in  the 
raisins,  well  floured.  Cooking  the  fruit 
prevents  its  falling  to  the  bottom  of  the 
cake,  and  the  fruit  juice  gives  the  cake 
a  far  more  delicious  flavor  than  either 
molasses  or  coffee  for  the  wetting. 
This  makes  one  loaf,  but  I  double  it, 
bake  it  in  a  dripping  pan  and  when  cold 
ice  with  confectioner’s  sugar  and  milk 
made  into  a  smooth  thick  paste  and 
flavored  with  vanilla. 


No  dish  appears  with  more  frequency 
on  our  farm  tables  than  warmed-over 
potatoes,  creamed,  hashed  or  fried,  and 
yet  how  little  thought  most  of  us  give 
to  their  preparation!  “Well,  I  must 
warm  up  those  potatoes,”  says  Mrs.  A. 
as  supper  time  approaches,  and  into  the 
frying  pan  she  pops  a  lump  of  fat  of 
some  kind,  dashes  in  the  cold  potatoes, 
pours  in  some  milk,  sprinkles  over  them 
some  pepper  and  salt  and  considers  the 
task  done  save  for  an  occasional  stirring. 
And  these  she  calls  “creamed  potatoes.” 
What  a  misnomer !  Mrs.  B.  takes  a 
minute  longer  and  sprinkles  or  sifts 
over  the  top  some  dry  flour.  In  this 
case  the  potatoes  will  not  be  as  soggy 
as  in  the  other,  but  you  are  always  a 
little  uncertain  as  to  whether  the  next 
bite  will  be  potato  or  a  lump  of  dough. 
Coat  the  potatoes  but  do  not  soak  them, 
and  let  the  coating  be  free  from  lumps. 
These  are  the  two  points  to  be  aimed 
for,  and  there  is  but  one  way  to  insure 
success,  viz.,  to  make  the  sauce  first. 
But  you  say,  “It  takes  too  much  times.” 
True,  it  does  take  a  little  longer,  just 
two  minutes,  but  these  two  minutes  may 
spell  the  difference  between  success  and 
failure.  In  the  frying  pan  1  pour  one 
pint  of  milk  for  each  quart  of  sliced  or 
chopped  potato,  to  which  I  add  pepper 
and  salt,  and  butter  the  size  of  an  egg, 
although  ham,  bacon  or  pork  fat  is  al¬ 
most  as  good.  When  melted  I  stir  in  a 
rounding  tablespoon  of  flour  mixed 
smooth  in  cold  water  or  -milk.  When 
cooked,  which  only  takes  a  minute  or 
two,  1  add  the  potatoes,  stir  gently  till 
all  are  coated,  then  cover  to  steam 
through  till  time  to  serve.  When  com¬ 
pany  is  coming  be  generous  with  the  but¬ 
ler,  add  a  little  chopped  parsley,  and 
no  more  delicious  accompaniment  for 
fried  chicken  or  cold  meats  can  be 
found.  We  have  quite  discarded  the 
fried  potatoes  as  being  indigestible,  for 
our  table.  Sometimes,  however,  we  de¬ 
sire  to  serve  creamed  potatoes  when 
there  are  no  cold  boiled  ones.  Try  this, 
which  1  copied  years  ago  from  a  list  of 
dainties  which  had  made  a  Catskill 
house  famous:  To  a  pint  and  half  of 
rich  milk  add  one-half  or  three-fourths 
cup  butter  (other  fat  will  not  be  as  nice 
for  these),  pepper  ar  salt,  and  one 
quart  of  raw  potatoes  chopped  very  fine 
and  soaked  for  an  hour  in  cold  water 
if  you  need  not  hurry  your  preparations. 
Cover  closely  and  cook  very  slowly  on 
the  back  of  the  range  for  about  an  hour, 
stirring  occasionally.  When  done  they 
will  be  like  thick  cream  and  most  de¬ 
licious  I  can  assure  you. 

LEILA  BARNES. 

Apple  Sauce  Cake. — One  and  one-half 
cups  apple  sauce;  y2  cup  shortening;  V/2 
cups  dark  brown  sugar;  1  cup  raisins  or 
currants;  1  teaspoonful  cinnamon;  1  tea¬ 
spoonful  cloves;  pinch  of  salt;  2l/2  cups 
flour;  2  teaspoonfuls  soda.  Mix  the  soda 
in  the  apple  sauce  while  hot ;  add  melted 
lard  last.  Beat  well  and  bake  in  but¬ 
tered  loaf  pan,  one-lialf  hour  in  a  mod¬ 
erate  oven.  E.  s. 

Squash  Fritters.— Two  cupfuls  stewed 
and  mashed  squash,  one  cupful  sour 
milk,  two  '  eggs,  three  tablespoonfuls 
brown  sugar  (may  be  satisfactorily 
omitted),  half  teaspoonful  each  salt  and 
soda,  flour  to  make  a  soft  batter.  Fry 
like  pancakes. 

Broiled  Deviled  Tomatoes. — Cut  the 
tomatoes  in  half-inch  slices  and  broil 
over  a  clear  fire.  Pour  over  them  a  sauce 
made  of  mashing  the  yolks  of  three  hard- 
boiled  eggs;  add  a  saltspoonful  of  salt, 
one  teaspoonful  each  of  powdered  sugar 
and  mustard,  a  dash  of  cayenne  or  a 
drop  or  two  of  tabasco;  then  stir  in  three 
ounces  of  melted  butter.  When  all  these 
ingredients  are  blended  add  three  table¬ 
spoonfuls  of  vinegar.  Put  the  mixture 
over  the  fire,  bring  to  the  boil  and  stir  in 
two  well-beaten  eggs.  When  it  has  thick¬ 
ened  keep  it  warm  over  the  fire  until 
ready  to  use. 

Destiny  bears  us  to  our  lot,  and  des¬ 
tiny  is  perhaps  our  own  will. — Disraeli. 


Money 
on 

Back-yard 
F  ences 

A  MAN  who  has  been 
a  successful  gar¬ 
dener  all  his  life  has  a 
new  book.  He  calls  it 
“Garden  Gold”  because 
he  shows  how  growing 
things  in  the  garden, 
even  the  smallest,  can 
can  be  made  to  produce  phenomenal  profits,  both  in 
cash  and  in  money  saved. 


“Garden  Gold”  is  so  simple,  so  practical,  so  convincing, 
so  complete,  that  we  wish  every  person  in  America  who 
owns  even  a  back-yard  could  have  a  copy  put  into  his  hands. 
It  would  mean  the  biggest  blow  to  old  Higli-Cost-of-Living 
that  that  gentleman  lias  had  in  many  a  long  year. 

We  can’t  afford  to  give  away  a  64-page  book,  fully  illus¬ 
trated,  to  everybody,  but  we  come  as  close  to  it  as  we  can, 
and  have  arranged  to  offer 


“GARDEN 

GOLD” 

with  the  Farm  Journal  at  a  low  rate.  See  offer  below. 

Just  to  get  an  idea  of  how  useful  “Garden  Gold”  is  and 
how  many  opportunities  there  are  for  making  money  by 
growing  things  in  small  gardens  and  out-of-the-way  corners, 
read  these  subject  headings.  They  are  all  fully  explained 
in  the  book. 


The  Rind  ol  Soil  to  Choose.” 

Planning  the  Garden.” 

Small  Areas  Most  Profitable.” 

How  to  Enrich  the  Soil  and  Keep  It  So.” 
The  Secret  of  Drawing  Fertility  from  the 
Air.” 

'Hotbeds  &  Coldframes  Help  Dividends.” 


“Easy  Transplanting  Methods  ” 
“Planting  Pointers.” 

“Methods  of  Keeping  Moisture  in  Soil. 
“Onion  Raising.” 

‘  Lettuce  and  Celery.” 


Storing  for  High  Winter  Prices. 
Money  on  Back-yard  Fences.” 


(These  are  just  a  few  headings  of  the  many  in  the  book.) 


How  to  Get  “Garden  Gold.” 

If  you  are  the  sort  of  person  who  needs  a  book  like  “Garden  Gold,” 
you  need  also  Farm  Journal.  There  is  only  one  paper  in  the  world 
like  Farm  Journal  and  that  paper  is  Farm  Journal.  Farm  Journal  is 
more  like  a  bright,  friendly,  cheerful,  highly  efficient  neighbor  who 
drops  in  once  a  month  than  a  periodical.  It  is  34  years  old;  has  750,000 
subscribers  and  more;  is  unlike  any  other  paper  and  always  has  been. 
For  any  one  with  a  garden,  a  berry  patch,  a  few  hens,  a  fruit  tree,  cow 
or  horse,  it  is  quite  indispensable.  For  every  member  of  the  house¬ 
hold,  with  a  splendid  household  and  fashion  department.  Clean,  clever, 
cheerful;  as  practical  as  a  plow,  as  readable  as  a  novel.  Is  printing 
just  now  a  remarkable  series  of  articles  called  “Back  to  the  Soil,’ 7 
actual  experiences  of  city  men  and  women  who  have  gone  back  to  the 
country.  You  will  love  this  little  paper,  and  so  will  your  boys  and 
girls,  and  we  say  this  regardless  of  ulmt  you  may  think  NOW. 
We  want  you  to  accept  this  offer : 


Farm  Journal  for  Four  ftg 
Years  and  “Garden  01 
Gold’*  Forever  for  ....  ^ 

“Garden  Gold”  is  a  great  book,  and  Farm 
Journal  has  been  the  standard  farm  and 
home  paper  for  many  years.  Ask  any  one  who 
reads  it.  Booklet  and  paper  may  go  to  differ¬ 
ent  addresses  if  necessary.  Just  cut  out  and 
mail  the  coupon. 

Farm  Journal,  130  Clifton  St.,  Philadelphia 

If  you  order  within  Ten  Days  we  will  also 
Include  Free  “Poor  Richard  Revived,”  splen¬ 
did  48-page  Almanac  for  1911,  full  of  wit  and 
wisdom. 


FARM  JOURNAL 

130  Clifton  St.,  Philadelphia. 

Gentlemen— I  enclose  $1.00,  for  which 
send  “Garden  Gold”  (postpaid)  and  Farm 
Journal  for  four  full  years,  to 

Name . 

P.  O . . 

R.  F.D.orSt . State . 

Include  the  Almanac  FREE  if  this 
order  is  received  in  time. 


1911. 


77 


Mother’s  Vacation. 

Mother  was  tired.  It  was  the  second 
year  that  she  had  had  no  vacation — not 
from  lack  of  money,  nor  for  lack  of  an 
invitation  to  the  old  home  town,  but 
because  when  one  is  tired,  it  is  so  hard 
to  prepare  for  going  away,  and  because 
in  the  old  home  there  were  so  many 
kind  friends  to  say,  “Come  and  spend 
the  day,”  or,  “I  shall  expect  you  to  din¬ 
ner,”  that  when  the  two  or  three  weeks’ 
vacation  was  over,  mother  found  herself 
indeed  glad  to  get  home  again,  but  hard¬ 
ly  rested  mentally  01  physically.  After 
such  a  “change”  she  felt  the  need  of  a 
rest  before  taking  up  the  work  of  the 
house,  and  of  the  church,  and  the  small 
social  duties  to  neighbors,  well  or  ill.  So 
the  second  year  was  slipping  by  with 
no  vacation. 

Summer  visitors  had  come  and  gone, 
and  the  work  went  on  with  the  usual 
small  outings  for  errands  or  for  recrea¬ 
tion,  but  still  there  was  no  relief  from 
the  monotony  of  seeing  the  same  people, 
and  being  tied  to  the  same  household 
duties,  with  their  set  times  and  seasons. 
And  mother  was  tired,  as  was  testified 
by  the  attacks  of  neuralgia,  and  the  men¬ 
tal  weariness.  The  daughter  who  clerked, 
and  the  daughter  who  taught  school  had 
had  a  delightful  week  at  a  religious 
gathering  where  they  lived  in  a  tent,  and 
listened  to  noted  speakers  and  workers 
from  near  and  far.  Now  they  were  at 
home,  and  the  clerk-daughter  was  at 
work  again.  Mother  had  remarked  after 
one  of  her  visitors  had  gone,  that  she 
should  like  a  vacation  right  here  in  her 
own  home,  such  as  this  visitor  had  en¬ 
joyed,  with  plenty  of  time  for  the  ham¬ 
mock,  and  no  kind  invitations  that  must 
not  be  slighted,  but  with  liberty  to  roam 
in  the  woods,  and  with  her  own  books  at 
hand.  The  home  was  in  a  village  sur¬ 
rounded  by  beautiful  mountain  scenery. 
How  she  would  like  to  visit  in  such  a 
place ! 

The  clerk-daughter  said  that  mother 
should  have  such  a  vacation,  but  circum¬ 
stances  were  such  that  it  was  the  teacher- 
daughter  who  made  the  plan  possible. 
She  thought  it  would  be  fun  to  take  the 
whole  charge  of  the  house  for  a  week, 
so  mother  gladly  accepted  the  favor.  It 
was  such  a  joy  to  start  off  for  the  woods, 
or  the  brook  in  the  early  morning,  a  time 
of  day  that  always  appealed  to  mother. 
These  unhurried,  early  walks  were  what 
she  had  often  longed  for.  It  was  not  the 
time  of  year  to  see  many  birds,  but  little 
goldfinches  sang,  and  occasionally  she 
•taught  glimpses  of  shy  little  birds  in 
the  shrubbery,  and  saw  kingfishers  rattle 
their  way  down  stream.  Flowers  she 
found  in  abundance,  and  sometimes  saw 
one  that  was  new  to  her,  which  she  de¬ 
lighted  to  puzzle  out  in  the  botany,  or 
•Matthews’s  “Field  Book  of  Wild  Flow¬ 
ers,”  upon  her  return  home.  One  of  the 
most  restful  trips  was  a  solitary,  leis¬ 
urely  row  of  nearly  a  mile  down  the 
river,  accomplished  by  her  field  glass, 
paper  and  pencil,  and  a  book  that  treated 
of  butterflies.  Reaching  a  ravine  where, 
in  Spring,  a  mountain  brook  rushed  down 
into  the  river,  she  tied  the  boat,  climbed 
up  the  moist,  rocky  bed  of  the  brook, 
and  then  up  the  side  of  the  ravine  to  high 
ground  covered  with  grass,  ferns  and 
pine  tress.  There  she  wandered,  read  and 
rested,  and  at  noon  returned  home  with 
a  happy  smile  and  the  appetite  of  a 
hunter.  Who  is  it  that  said,  “O  solitude, 
where  are  thy  charms?”  Such  solitude 
as  this  certainly  had  wonderful  charms 
for  the  nervously-tired  woman.  Mean¬ 
while  the  teacher-housekeeper  reveled  in 
trying  new  and  tempting  dishes  that  met 
with  frank  appreciation  from  the  whole 
family.  And  mother  thought  she  had 
really  never  had  so  restful  a  vacation. 

E.  F.  M. 

Baked  Buckwheat  Cake. — One  cup  rich 
buttermilk,  a  mixing  spoon  of  molasses, 
one  small  teaspoon  of  soda,  one  salt- 
spoon  of  salt,  add  good  buckwheat  flour 
to  make  a  batter  a  very  little  stiffer 
than  for  griddle  cakes ;  pour  into  a  but¬ 
tered  pan,  and  bake  in  a  quick  oven. 


THE  RURAL 

The  Rural  Patterns. 

IV hen  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  pattern  and  measurement  de¬ 
sired. 

The  first  group  of  patterns  show 
6900,  waist  with  yoke  and  sleeves  in 
one  for  misses  and  small  women.  14, 
16  and  18  years.  1%  yard  of  material 
21  inches  wide,  %  yard  27  inches  wide, 
54  yard  44  inches  wide,  1(4  yards  of  vel¬ 
vet  20  inches  wide,  1*4  yard  27  inches 
wide,  %  yard  44  inches  wide,  254  yards 
of  banding,  %  yard  18  inches  wide  for 
medium  size.  6862,  one-piece  blouse 
with  yoke.  34  to  40.  2*4  yards  of 


material  24  or  27  inches  wide,  154  yard 
36,  1J4  yard  44,  54  yard  of  silks  for 
yoke  and  sleeve  trimming,  54  yard  of 
lace  for  undersleeves  for  medium  size. 
6867,  men’s  lounging  or  bath  robe.  34 
to  46  breast.  7  yards  of  material  27 
inches  wide,  4^4  yards  44,  354  yards  52 
with  3  yards  of  cord  for  trimming  for 
medium  size.  6770,  seven  gored  skirt 
for  misses  and  small  women.  14,  16 
and  18  years,  with  or  without  yoke.  9^4 
yards  of  material  24  or  27  inches  wide, 
5  yards  44  or  A]/2  yards  52  when  mate¬ 
rial  has  figure  or  nap,  7  yards  24  or  27, 
3 54  yards  44  or  3%  yards  52  when  ma¬ 
terial  has  neither  figure  nor  nap,  for  16 
year  size.  6887,  child’s  dress  to  be 
worn  over  any  guimpe.  4,  6  and  8 
years.  3J4  yards  of  material  27  inches 
wide,  2*4  yards  36,  2  yards  44,  for  6 
year  size. 

The  second  group  includes  6834, 
tucked  waist  closing  at  front.  36  to  44. 
3*4  yards  of  material  24  or  27  inches 
wide,  254  yards  36,  2  yards  44  with  2% 
yards  of  banding  and  54  yard  of  lace  for 
frill,  for  medium  size.  6854,  baby’s  set, 
one  size.  The  quantity  of  material  re¬ 
quired  to  make  the  dress  is  154  yard 
36,  or  154  yard  44  inches  wide,  with  1^4 
yard  of  insertion  and  1/2  yard  of  edg¬ 
ing.  For  the  petticoat  will  be  needed 
1/4  yard  36  or  54  yard  44  with  2  yards 
of  insertion  and  3  yards  of  edging,  and 
for  the  drawers  will  be  required  54  yard 


36  or  54  yard  44  inches  wide  with  2 
yards  of  edging.  6846,  double  breasted 
coat,  for  misses’  and  small  women.  14, 
16  and  18  years.  With  collar  that  can 
be  rolled  over  with  fronts  to  form  re- 
vers  or  closed  to  the  neck.  5^4  yards 
of  material  27  inches  wide,  3*4  yards  44 
inches  wide,  3  yards  52  inches  wide,  for 
16  year  size.  6855,  five-gored  skirt,  22 
to  30  waist.  7  yards  24  or  27  inches 
wide,  4  yards  36  or  44  when  material 


NEW-YORKER 

has  figure  or  nap,  but  4  yards  24  or  27 
or  3*4  yards  44  inches  wide  will  be  suf¬ 
ficient  when  material  has  neither  figure 
nor  nap.  The  width  of  the  plain  skirt 
at  the  lower  edge  is  2^4  yards  and  the 
width  of  the  skirt  with  band  is  2  yards. 
6820,  girl’s  coat,  with  high  or  notched 
collar  perforated  for  shorter  length.  6, 
8  and  10  years.  3*4  yards  of  material 
27  inches  wide,  2  yards  44,  154  yard  52, 
for  8  year  size. 


Gems  and  Muffins. 

Date  Gems. — Sift  two  teaspoons  of 
baking  powder  with  five  cups  of  flour, 
one  teaspoon  of  cinnamon  and  two  tea¬ 
spoons  of  ginger.  Put  one  cup  each  of 
New  Orleans  molasses  and  sugar  and  a 
large  tablespoon  of  butter  in  a  saucepan 
over  the  fire,  and  when  the  butter  softens 
beat  and  stir  ten  minutes.  Add  gradu¬ 
ally  one  cup  of  milk.  Mix  in  the  dry 
ingredients  and  one-half  cup  of  floured 
chopped  dates.  Bake  in  well-buttered 
gem  pans  in  a  hot  oven. 

Cornmeal  Muffins.— One  pint  of  meal, 
a  level  teaspoonful  of  soda;  the  same  of 
salt,  into  this  pour  a  pint  of  butter¬ 
milk.  Mix  thoroughly.  Into  this  break 
an  egg  and  beat  all  together.  Have 
muffin  molds  quite  hot  (I  used  iron 
molds)  and  greased  with  lard,  the  size 
of  a  walnut.  Pour  the  grease  from  the 
hot  molds  into  the  batter,  stir  together 
and  put  into  the  molds.  Flour  muffins 
and  graham  flour  muffins  are  made  in 
the  same  way,  using  white  flour  or  gra¬ 
ham  flour  instead  of  meal.  Bake  muf¬ 
fins  in  a  quick  oven. 

Graham  Drop  Biscuits. — Rub  two 
tablespoons  of  butter  with  two  and  one- 
fourth  cups  of  graham  and  three- 
fourths  cup  of  white  flour.  Add  two 
tablespoons  of  sugar,  one  scant  tea¬ 
spoon  of  salt,  one  tumbler  of  sour  milk; 
stir  in  a  well-beaten  egg.  Then  add  a 
half  teaspoon  of  soda  dissolved  in  a 
spoonful  of  water.  Beat  hard,  and  drop 
from  a  spoon  on  well-greased  tins.  With 
the  addition  of  raisins,  or  shredded 
citron  or  chopped  nuts,  these  make  a 
welcome  change  for  the  lunch  box. 

Entire  Wheat  Pop-overs. — Mix  to¬ 
gether  two-thirds  cup  entire  wheat  flour, 
one-third  cup  white  flour  and  one-fourth 
teaspoonful  salt,  stir  in  gradually  a 
scant  cup  milk,  so  as  to  obtain  a  smooth 
batter  ;  add  one  egg,  beaten  light.  Beat 
all  with  a  Dover  egg  beater  for  two 
minutes,  pour  into  buttered  iron  gem 
pans,  which  have  been  heated  very  hot, 
and  bake  thirty  to  thirty-five  minutes,  in 
a  hot  oven. 

Green  Corn  Muffins. — Cut  the  rows  of 
corn  and  press  the  pulp  out  with  a 
knife.  To  two  cupfuls  corn  add  one 
saltspoon  salt,  a  tablespoonful  butter, 
the  beaten  yolks  of  two  eggs,  two  cups 
milk  and  three  cups  of  flour  in  which 
two  teaspoonfuls  of  baking  powder  have 
been  sifted.  Mix  thoroughly;  add  the 
beaten  whites  of  the  egg.  Have  muffin 
pans  heated  and  greased  and  half  fill 
with  the  mixture.  Bake  in  quick  oven 
half  an  hour. 

Scones. — Mix  together  three  cups  of 
flour,  one-half  teaspoon  of  salt,  two 
tablespoons  of  sugar,  three  heaping  tea¬ 
spoons  of  baking  powder.  Rub  in  two 
tablespoons  of  butter,  add  one-half  cup 
of  raisins  (dredged  with  flour)  and  milk 
enough  to  make  ..  biscuit  dough.  Knead 
lightly  a  few  moments  on  a  floured 
board,  then  roll  to  fit  a  round  cake  tin, 
rolling  thicker  in  the  middle  than  on  the 
edges.  Brush  over  with  milk,  then  with 
a  sharp  knife  cut  into  quarters.  Bake 
in  a  hot  oven  twenty  minutes. 

Prize  Rolls. — One  pint  milk,  one-half 
cup  butter,  one  tablespoon  sugar,  one- 
half  teaspoon  salt,  one  cake  compressed 
yeast,  dissolved  in  one-third  cup  of 
lukewarm  water,  and  five  and  one-half 
cups  flour.  Scald  the  milk  and  while 
hot  add  the  butter,  sugar  and  salt.  When 
lukewarm  add  the  dissolved  yeast  cake 
and  two  and  one-half  cups  of  flour. 
Beat  thoroughly  for  five  minutes.  When 
light,  add  the  rest  of  the  flour  and 
knead  at  least  half  an  hour.  Let  rise 
again,  toss  on  a  slightly  floured  board, 
and  without  kneading  roll  out  to  one- 
half  inch  thickness.  Cut  and  shape  the 
rolls,  and  place  in  a  buttered  pan.  Let 
rise  again,  and  when  very  light  bake  in 
a  hot  oven  fifteen  minutes.  This  recipe 
makes  thirty  rolls. 

Cold  Water  Graham  Gems. — Beat  well 
together  two  and  one-third  cupfuls  of 
graham  flour,  two  cupfuls  of  very  cold 
water,  a  half  teaspoon ful  of  salt  and 
one  of  sugar ;  fold  in  lightly  the  beaten 
whites  of  two  eggs,  pour  into  well- 
greased  and  very  hot  gem  pans,  iron  if 
possible.  Put  a  bit  of  butter  on  each 
and  bake  in  a  hot  oven  twenty-five  min¬ 
utes — not  longer.  It  is  not  necessary  to 
the  success  of  the  gems  to  use  the  whites 
of  the  eggs,  but  they  add  greatly  to  their 
delicacy,  and  the  value  of  the  above 
recipe  lies' in  this  addition. 


CRITICS 

The  physician  who  recommends, 
the  patient  who  uses  and  the 
chemist  who  analyzes 

Scott’s  Emulsion 

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We  ship  on  approval  without  &  rent 
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R AY  A  CENT  tf  you  are  not  satisfied 
after  using  the  bicycle  10  days. 

DO  NOT  BUY  of  tires  from  anyone 

at  any  price  until  you  receive  our  latest 
art  catalogs  illustrating  every  kind  of 
bicycle,  and  have  learned  our  unheard  of 
price a  and  marvelous  new  offers. 
nyp  peyT  ia  all  it  will  co»t  you  to 
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wheels,  lamps,  sundries  at  half  usual  prices* 

Mo  ad  Cycle  Co*  Dept  yvso  Chicago 


The  Farmer’s  Son’s 
Great  Opportunity 

Why  wait  for  the  old  farm  to  bocomo  your  in¬ 
heritance?  Begin  now  to  preparo  for 
your  future  prosperity  and  inde¬ 
pendence.  A  groat  opportunity 
awaits  you  In  Manitoba,  Saskatch¬ 
ewan  or  Alberta,  whore  you  can  se¬ 
cure  a  Free  Homestead  or  buy  land 
at  reasonable  prices. 

Now’s  the  Time 

— not  a  year  from  now.  when  land 
will  be  higher.  The  profits  socured 
from  tho  abundant  crops  of 
Wheat,  Oats  and  Barley,  as 
well  M  cattle  raising,  arc  causing  a  steady  ad- 
vanco  in  price.  Government  returns  show 
that  the  number  of  settlers  In  West¬ 
ern  Canada  from  tho  U.  S.  was  00 
per  cent  larger  In  1910  than  the 
previous  year. 

Many  farmers  have  paid  for  their 
land  out  of  the  proceeds  of  one  crop. 

Free  Homesteads  of  160  acres  and 
pre-emptions  of  1 60  acres  at  $3.00 
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low  freight  rates;  wood,  water  and 
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For  pamphlet  “Last  Best  West,"  particulars 
as  to  locations  and  low  settlers'  rata,  apply  to 
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Canadian  Government  Agent.  30  .Syracuse 
Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Syracuse,  N .  Y. 

155) 


78 


<THE  KUKAIi  NEW-YORKER 


January  21, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

RHODE  ISLAND  RED  POULTRY. 

Rhode  Island  Red  poultry  are  a  com¬ 
paratively  new  breed  but  are  well  liked 
where  known.  They  are  a  good  general- 
purpose  fowl,  being  good  layers,  stand¬ 
ing  confinement  in  close  quarters  well, 
and  are  of  good  size.  They  are  of  a 


R.  I.  RED  ROOSTER.  Fig.  30. 

brownish  red  color,  but  vary  in  shade 
from  light  to  dark  red  in  different  in¬ 
dividuals.  Young  fowls  and  those  with 
new  plumage  of  course  have  the  darkest 
feathers.  Altogether  they  are  handsome 
birds,  and  a  flock  of  them  makes  a  fine 
appearance.  W.  E.  D. 

Hillsboro,  O. 

R.  N.-Y. — Over  in  Rhode  Island  the 
other  day  we  met  men  from  the  Little 
Compton  district  on  the  east  shore  of 
Narragansett  Bay.  This  is  the  original 
home  of  the  Reds  and  they  disprove 
the  old  proverb  about  the  honor  of  a 
prophet.  In  that  section  the  Reds  are 
supreme,  and  are  considered  the  “com¬ 
ing  fowls”  for  general  farm  use.  In  the 
town  of  Little  Compton  with  about  36 


R.  I.  RED  HEN.  Fig.  31. 

square  miles  there  are  some  60,000  hens, 
all  or  most  kept  on  the  colony  plan. 
In  fact  the  R.  I.  Red  is  the  best  “colony” 
hen  in  the  world,  if  we  may  believe 
those  farmers  who  have  seen  her  de¬ 
velop  and  give  them  a  new  business  that 
is  more  profitable  than  any  they  ever  had 
before. 


SEEDING  RAPE  FOR  SHEEP. 

On  page  975  is  an  article  by  C.  C.  T.,  Eagle 
Bridge,  N.  Y.,  headed  “Rape  for  Lambs.’’ 
The  problem  of  getting  feed  for  sheep  at 
this  season  is  what  1  am  “up  against"  here. 
C.  O.  T.  speaks  of  sowing  rape  in  corn¬ 
fields.  Will  it  be  all  right  where  the  land 
is  seeded  to  grass  in  the  corn,  or  will  the 
sheep  hurt  the  tender  grass?  I  wish  to 
sow  rape  and  had  thought  of  sowing  in 
corn :  on  account  of  seeding  with  grass  I 
have  not  done  it.  Will  C.  C.  T.  inform 
me  about  this  and  how  much  and  what 
kind  of  rape  seed  to  sow,  and  also  how 
he  sows  where  there  is  no  other  crop, 
whether  in  drill  or  broadcast,  and  how 
much  seed  to  use?  I  would  like  to  know 
all  about  his  methods  of  doing  it. 

Enfield,  Mass.  G.  H.  w. 

In  reply  to  G.  H.  W.  I  would  say  that 
from  his  letter  I  understand  that  he  sows 
grass  seed  in  his  corn  either  to  mow  or 
pasture  the  following  year,  which  is  a 
new  one  to  me,  as  in  this  section  corn 
is  always  followed  by  either  oats  or  po¬ 


tatoes,  seeding  with  the  oats.  However, 

I  should  not  hesitate  to  sow  rape  at  the 
rate  of  a  pound  to  the  acre,  mixing  and 
sowing  with  the  grass  seed,  when  the 
corn  is  given  the  .  last  cultivation.  It 
would  not  be  wise  to  pasture  closely  if 
G.  H.  W.  wants  grass  the  next  year, 
as  rape  of  itself  is  not  a  balanced  ration, 
and  sheep  always  need  grass  or  hay  with 
it.  Here  we  always  pasture  our  new 
seed  in  the  oat  stubble,  but  not  so  closely 
as  our  other  fields.  This  year  I  sowed 
about  25  pounds  of  rape  in  14  acres  of 
corn,  July  20,  and  the  field  is  now  cov¬ 
ered  (November  S)  with  a  growth  rang¬ 
ing  from  six  to  18  inches  high.  This  in 
a  field  that  is  turning  100  bushels  of  ear 
corn  per  acre.  As  a  rule,  the  smaller 
the  corn  the  bigger  the  rape.  When 
sowing  by  itself  sow  broadcast,  about 
four  pounds  per  acre,  and  in  all  cases 
sow  Dwarf  Essex.  c.  c.  P. 

R.  N.-Y. — A  good  many  farmers  in 
New  England  seed  Timothy  and  Red-top 
in  the  standing  corn.  The  seed  is  scat¬ 
tered  evenly  all  over  the  field  and  culti¬ 
vated  and  raked  in.  In  the  Spring  the 
stubs  of  the  cornstalks  are  rolled  down 
and  smoothed.  We  have  seen  some  good 
meadows  seeded  in  this  way,  but  we 
would  much  prefer  plowing  and  fitting 
the  ground  before  seeding.  We  should 
think  seeding  rape  with  the  grass  would 
be  objectionable  in  two  ways;  the  heavy 
growth  of  rape  would  be  likely  to  kill 
out  the  young  grass,  and  if  the  sheep 
are  kept  in  the  field  long  enough  to  eat 
the  rape  they  will  hurt  the  seeding  by 
tramping. 

FARM  HORSES  FOR  THE  “NORTH 
COUNTRY.” 

That  the  farmers  of  northern  New  York 
need  a  different  type  of  horse  than  they 
are  getting  from  the  West,  or  are  breed¬ 
ing  from  western  stock  farms,  seems  evi¬ 
dent.  Two  years  ago  I  met  Senator  Robert 
Brith  of  Ontario,  and  Dr.  Kearney  of  Mon¬ 
treal  to  discuss  this  question.  At  that 
time  there  was  a  small  remnant  of  the  old 
French  horse  in  Canada,  not  the  diminu¬ 
tive  little  Indian  pony,  but  another  thing 
altogether.  No  horse  has  ever  been  im¬ 
ported  that  exactly  supplies  its  place,  nor 
had  certain  qualities  equal  to  it.  This 
being  generally  admitted  a  movement  was 
organized  under  the  supervision  of  the  gov¬ 
ernment,  to  save  the  few  survivors  and 
thus  perpetuate  the  race,  if  possible.  Dr. 
Kearney  showed  the  writer  a  typical  team, 
perhaps,  the  best  of  the  class  in  the  coun¬ 
try,  brown  in  color,  well  developed,  with 
good  feet  and  tremendous  strength  of  limb 
and  quarter,  about  1,200  pounds  weight, 
good  actors  though  trained  for  exhibition 
purposes,  and  too  high  steppers  for  ordin¬ 
ary  use.  Recently  I  met  the  same  two 
breeders,  and  the  government  idea  has  been 
modified.  The  brown  stallion  had  been 
sold  and  had  gone  to  the  Northwest.  The 
remnant  of  the  race  being  so  small  it  was 
deemed  best  to  breed  toward  some  fixed 
type,  and  a  committee  had  been  appointed 
which  should  select  such  animals  as-  would 
represent  the  ideal  type.  The  ultimate 
success  of  such  a  plan  may  be  doubtful, 
but  it  is  a  step  in  the  right  direction.  The 
horse  needed  in  St.  Lawrence  County  is 
not  the  horse  needed  in  the  West,  and  a 
1,200-pound  horse  is  heavy  enough  provided 
it  be  the  right  kind  of  a  horse,  a  horse 
with  a  good  long  quarter  and  flat,  broad 
bone.  We  are  not  particularly  anxious 
that  he  should  be  what  is  called  a  block 
and  we  do  not  want  his  hams  shaped  like 
a  Berkshire  pig's.  Ferhaps  some  organiza¬ 
tions  of  farmers,  could  be  formed  which 
might  develop  a  certain  type.  It  seems  to 

the  writer  that  there  are  a  few  old  Eng¬ 
lish  hunters  left  yet  that  might  be  use¬ 
ful,  but  the  result  could  only  be  deter- 
moned  by  experiment.  Even  these  old 
hunters  are  getting  scarce.  An  animal  that 
could  carry  a  heavy  man  over  a  five- 
barred  gate  is  not  spry  enough ;  it  wants 
a  smaller  animal  that  will  take  a  smaller 
man  over  a  six-barred  gate.  The  writer  re¬ 
cently  witnessed  the  performance  of 
Sorgs’  horses — the  fancy  and  fashionable ; 
they  are  evidently  bred  from  facing  stock. 
I  do  not  think  the  blood  of  the  hunter 
is  in  them  and  their  progeny  could  not 
meet  the  wants  of  the  northern  farmer 
any  better  than  the  western  horse  that 
weighs  from  1,600  to  2,000  pounds.  No 
injurious  climatic  change  is  noted  if  we 
bring  them  from  Quebec,  as  sometimes 
appears  in  shipments  from  the  West. 

J.  E.  DUBOIS. 


Sex  of  Guineas. 

I  have  a  flock  of  guineas.  Will  some 
one  inform  me  how  to  tell  the  difference 
between  the  male  and  the  female? 

M.  L.  B. 

The  head  of  the  male  is  a  little  coarser 
in  appearance.  They  both  utter  the  char¬ 
acteristic  screech,  but  the  hen  alone  gives 
the  low  notes  supposed  to  sound  like  “buck¬ 
wheat.”  *  . 


Increase  your  milk  supply  at  the 
same  time  by  feeding  Dried  Brewers 
Grains  and  Malt  Sprouts.  Send  for 
our  valuable  descriptive  booklet  on 
Points  for  Stock  Feeders. 

Farmers  Feed  Co., 

76th  St.  East  River,  New  York  City. 


PEHC  I 

I  3D  XI 

OKTS 

ERCHERON 

STM.U0NS  AND  HIRES 

Imported  and  home-bred.  The  best  lot  ever 
shown  in  this  country.  Quality,  price,  guarantee  right. 
For  30  years  an  importer  and  breeder  of  prize  winners. 


E  L  W  O  O  D  S.  AKIN 
170  South  Street,  Auburn,  N.  Y. 


Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 

_  at  farmers’  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
iddlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
l  Penna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O. 

THE  PERCHERON  SOCIETY  OF  AMERICA 


Has  just  increased  its  capital  stock  to 
$100,000.  10,000  shares  of  $10  each.  3,000 

shareholders,  Nov.  28,  1910.  100  breeders 

have  taken  membership  since  Dec.  1st. 
Ninety-five  per  cent  of  the  Percheron 
breeders  of  America  record  with  the 
Percheron  Society.  *  #  #  *  » 

Information  pertaining  Perclierons  furnished.  Address 

WAYNE  UINSMOKE,  Secretary, 
Union  Stock  Yards,  Chicago,  Ill. 


To  Avoid  Inbreeding 

We  Will  Sell  Our  Pure-Bred  Suffolk  Stallion 


He  stands  16  hands,  seven  years  old,  sound,  kind, 
gentle,  and  will  work  in  any  spot  or  place.  This  is 
a  tried  sire  and  his  colis  can  be  seen  in  this  entire 
section  of  Virginia.  Weight,  1,600.  Price,  $1,200, 
delivered  at  your  station  in  New  York.  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania  or  Maryland.  F.  W.  OKIE,  Proprie¬ 
tor  Piedmont  Farms,  Marshall,  Va. 


KENTUCKY  MAMMOTH  JACKS,  JEN¬ 
NETS  and  SADDLE  HORSES. 

We  are  the  Largest  Breeders  in  America  of  Mam¬ 
moth  Jacks.  Hampshire  and  Tam  worth  hogs.  Stock 
of  all  ages  for  sale.  J.  F.  COOK  8  CO.,  Lexington,  Ky. 


HORSE  OWNERS  try  the  clean 


CURRY 

At  Our  Risk 
md  save  dollars  in 
time,  laboR  and  ex¬ 
pense.  Automatic 


COMB 

I  ABOUT 

HORSES 


action,  durable,  effec¬ 
tive,  easy  on  the  horse, 
and  always  clean.  Send 
address— stating  number 
ofhorsesowned.and  we’llsend Comb  postpaid.1 
Aitkb  Trial,  send  or  return  comb  at  our  expense.  Valuable  Horse  Hoop 

wntfree.  Clean  Comb  Co.. 76  Fifth  St. .  Racine.  W is- 


|  :  i  ;  SI  H  EEF  :  :  :  | 

Woodland  Dorsets 

Woodland  Dorsets  have  been  sold  into  practically 
every  State  in  the  Union,  and  are  giving  satisfac 
tion.  I  can  spare  fifty  head  of  splendid  ewes,  all 
of  them  bred  to  a  very  fine  ram. 

CHAS.  B.  WING,  Mechanlcsburg,  Ohio. 


UDflDCUIREQ-100  y®al'linE  ewes;  40 
nnUrOninCO  yearling  rams.  Price  and 
aediug  right.  FRED  VAN  VLEET,  LODI.  N.Y. 


H 


ID 


G  S 


pm  I  1C  D|| DC— From  imported  stock.  Females 

UULLIL  I  U  TO  cheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City.  Pa. 


DEATH  TO  HEAVES 


||Elgf  TAIJ9C  Heave,  Cough,  Distemper 
II  !■  II  I  U  ll  v  and  Indigestion  Cure. 

$1  can  cures  heaves.  The  third 
is  guaranteed  to  cure  or 
moneyrefunded.-tl  percan 
at  dealers,  or  express  pre¬ 
paid.  Send  for  booklet. 

THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO. 
TOLEDO,  OHIO. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


KSli  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somerville,  N.  J. 


ONTARIO  VAN  FRIESLAND  DE  KOL 

BULL  CALF,  three  months  old;  sire,  America 
DeKol  Burke;  dam,  Wooderest  Van  Friesland, 
over  21  pounds.  Price,  $75  crated  f.  o.  b. 
Charlotte.  Send  for  details. 

CLOY  ERI>  ALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

C.  S.  Lunt,  Owner  John  J.  Eden,  Manager 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEIN-FR1ESI AN  ASS'N  OF  AMERICA 
F. L.  HOUGHTON. SECY. BOX  105,  BRATTLEBORO.VT. 


knyo°w  dtV 'Tt  Fern’s  Jubilee  No.  73852 

A.  J.  C.  C.,  is  one  of  the  best  “butter  bred”  bulls 
in  the  world,  investigate.  Then  order  one  of  his 
young  sons  before  it  is  too  late.  Nothing  over  three 
months  old  on  hand  at  present.  Address 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  -:-  Laurel  Farm,  -:-  Hamilton,  N.Y. 


Breed  Up-Not  Dowrfr’c.r^TS 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  It.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Millr  Prndtirprc  for  New  Vork  City  Piarket 
ITllltY  llUUUvUlo  desiring  information  how  to 

form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville.  N.  Y. 


:  SWINE 


Reg.  P.  Chinas,  Berkshires,  C.  Whites. 

Fine,  large  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 
Pups,  Beagles  and  Poultry.  Write  for 
prices  &  circulars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Middletown,  Pa 


01bs-9Tfoirfhs 

Jersey  Reds  fatten  easily  8  quickly. 

timaU-boned,  loug-bodied,  vigorous 
A  prolific.  Meat  unsurpassed.  Have 
some  choice  offerings  now.  Write 
for  catalog  and  prices.  Arthur  J. 
Collins,  Box  K,  Mooreptown,N.J. 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.  ^;e  ^ 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Proprietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eigiit  to  twelve  woeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


I  ARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD-in 

eat-h  of  the  last  three  volumes  ot  American  Berkshire  Kecord 
we  sold  ami  registered  more  Berkshires  than  any  other  breeder 
in  the  United  Slates.  The  large  proportion  went  to  old  custom¬ 
ers.  TbieBpeaks  for  itself.  H.II.  &  II. B.  Hai-pending,  Dundee,  N.Y. 


Pliroka  Qtnrlf  Farm- Registered  Jersey  Bulls 
LulCnu  OlUun  I  a  I  III  and  Heifers, 6  monthsto2 
years  old.  Chester  White,  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  Pups  and  a  variety 
of  poultry.  Send  two-cent  stamp  for  circular. 

EDWARD  WALTER,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


LARGE  BERKSHIRES 

Sows  bred  for  spring  farrow.  August  aud 
September  pigs  from  litters  averaging  ten. 

.  .  .  Catalogue  on  application  .  .  . 

WILLOUGHBY  FARM,  Gettysburg,  Fa. 


A  BERKSHIRE  OR  DUROC  PIG  given  for  a 
few  hours  of  your  time.  Stamp  for  particulars. 
PENNA.  BERKSHIRE  CO.,  Fannettsburg,  Pa, 


nimnPQ  THE  BIG’  i>kef  fellows 

UUnUUO  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 


Ty  pi  ore  $3  each ;  pair,  $15.  A.  M 

.DCI  n.51111  C  JL  lg a  DAVIS,  Trooper,  Pa. 


Use  Indestructible  Hameless  Horse  and  Mule  Collars 

To  prevent  and  cure  sore  shoulders.  No  hames.pads  or  straps;  stronger, 
lighter,  better.  Made  of  metal  and  zinc  coated.  Guaranteed  not  to  rust  in 
any  climate.  Adjustable  in  size  to  fit  animal  if  spring  fat  or  fall  poor. 
Holds  it's  shape.  Cheaper  because  everlasting.  Easy  to  put  on  and  take  off. 

YEAR’S  FREE  TRIAL 

Endorsed  by  veterinaries  and  team  owners  as  the  only  collar  fit  to  use  on 
horse  or  mule.  Used  by  City  Fire  Departments  and  U.  S.  Government.  Sold 
direct  where  dealer  does  not  handle  them.  Good  agents  wanted.  Address 

JOHNSTON-SLOCUM  CO.,  708  State  Street.  CARO.  MICHIGAN 


Contains  full  information  and  complete  feeding  directions  tor  using 


Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal —The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute 

Three  or  four  calves  can  be  raised  on  it  at  the  cost  of  one  where  milk  is  fed. 

No  mill  feed  The  only  calf  meal  manufactured  in  an  exclusive  Calf  Meal  Factory 
Established  at  Leicester,  England,  in  1 600. 


Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory,  Waukegan,  Ill. 


1911. 


"THE  HURAIi.  NEW-YORKBK 


79 


milk:. 


Fistula  of  Milk  Duct. 


Since  January  1,  1911,  the  N.  Y.  Ex¬ 
change  price  of  milk  has  been  $1.91  per  40- 
quart  can,  netting  four  cents  per  quart 
to  shippers  in  the  26-eent  zone. 

Farmers  are  selling  milk  to  dealers  at  the 
scale  of  15  cents  per  gallon,  the  dealers  re¬ 
tailing  at  eight  cents  per  quart,  while 
others  are  selling  cream  at  Elgin  quota¬ 
tions.  There  is  not  much  doing  in  the 
poultry  business  in  this  locality.  n.  e.  b. 

Massillon,  Ohio. 


Milk  rn  Alton,  Ill.,  our  best  trading 
town,  sells  for  25  and  30  cents  a  gallon 
delivered  in  quart  bottles  by  nearby  farm¬ 
ers.  Others  wholesale  it  for  15  cents  a 
gallon.  We  are  not  in  the  milk  business ; 
we  make  butter  and  get  35  cents  a  pound 
the  year  around.  We  aim  to  sell  100 
pounds  a  week  on  an  average,  but  fell  a 
little  short  of  that  this  year.  a.  x. 

Bethalto,  Ill. 

The  milk  in  Winnebago  Co.,  Ill.,  is 
handled  in  the  following  way.  Some  farm¬ 
ers  separate  their  own  milk  and  sell  butter 
at  from  27  to  35  cents  a  pound ;  other  send 
their  milk  to  creamery  at  $1.70  to  $2  per 
100,  10  cents  less  for  hauling.  Farmers 
who  live  within  five  to  eight  miles  of  the 
city  of  Rockford  sell  their  milk  to  peddlers 
at  3  cents  a  quart.  Of  the  50  or  60  milk 
peddlers  in  Rockford  but  four  per  cent,  ped¬ 
dle  their  own  milk  at  six  cents  a  quart. 
Prices  on  grain  and  feed  at  present  are : 
Corn,  35  to  40  cents  ;  oats,  28  to  29  cents 
a  bushel ;  bran,  $24  a  ton  ;  oil  meal,  $37  a 

ton ;  cotton-seed  meal,  $34  a  ton.  Farmers 
mostly  feed  their  own  grain.  j.  l. 

Cherry  Valley,  Ill. 

A  large  condenser,  with  branches  along 
the  coast,  is  located  at  Mt.  Vernon,  our 
county  seat,  which  takes  the  greater  part 
of  our  milk  in  this  county.  The  company 
hires  teams  to  pick  up  the  milk  at  the 
ranches  and  haul  to  the  condenser,  charg¬ 
ing  10  cents  per  hundred  for  hauling,  and 
pays  $1.90  per  hundred  pounds  in  the 
Winter,  and  $1.35  per  hundred  in  Summer 
when  it  tests  from  3.7  to  4  per  cent  butter 
fat.  They  also  had  gasoline  launches  on 
the  river  (Skagit)  carrying  milk  from  up 
river  points  to  the  condenser.  Some  of 
the  dairymen  have  separators  and  ship  the 
cream  to  creameries  along  the  railroad, 
getting  42  cents  per  pound  for  butter  fat. 
Dairymen  near  town  supply  the  demand 
by  the  quart,  about  six  cents  per  quart. 
Grain  is  high  here,  but  not  quite  as  high 
as  it  has  been,  retailing  as  follows : 
Cracked  corn,  $28  to  $30  per  ton  ;  wheat, 
about  $32 ;  oats,  from  $24  to  $28  ;  shorts, 
$1.25  per  100  pound  sack ;  bran,  90  cents 
per  80  pound  sack.  r.  h.  p. 

Clear  Lake,  Wash. 


We  have  a  young  cow  three  years  old 
that  got  a  hole  in  one  of  her  teats  on  a 
wire  fence.  The  hole  Is  about  in  the  mid¬ 
dle  of  the  teat,  and  it  leaks  through  the 
udder.  When  I  milk  her  the  milk  runs 
out  of  the  hole  in  the  center  and  end  too. 
Will  you  tell  me  if  there  is  any  way  to 
close  the  hole?  j.  n. 

Xew  York. 

Put  a  strip  of  surgeon’s  plaster  around 
the  teat  to  cover  the  hole  referred  to.  This 
will  still  allow  of  milking,  but  if  leaking 
continues,  from  under  the  plaster,  remove 
it  and  paint  the  orifice  with  flexible  col¬ 
lodion,  coat  upon  coat,  and  then  put  on 
*  new  strip  of  plaster.  When  the  cow  is 
dry  the  fistula  should  be  done  away  with 
by  operation,  which  can  only  be  properly 
done  by  an  expert  surgeon.  a.  s.  a. 


A  Water-proof  Stable  Floor. — H.  A.  J 
asks  on.  page  1016  for  information  with 
regard  to  a  waterproof  stable  floor.  Con¬ 
crete,  if  properly  mixed  and  placed,  will 
give  the  most  satisfactiou.  A  wooden  floor 
laid  in  pitch  or  asphaltum  would  make  a 
tight  floor,  but  would  not  be  as  durable 
as  concrete.  The  woven  wire  fencing  which 
E.  S.  B.  suggests  as  a  reinforcement  would 
be  of  more  value  if  placed  nearer  the  bot- 
tim  of  the  cement,  thus  giving  more  chance 
to  fasten  it  to  the  plank  floor,  and  greater 
protection  irom  dampness.  The  greater 
thickness  of  content  above  the  wire  would 
be  less  liable  to  be  broken  by  rough  use. 
A  good  grade  of  fencing  should  be  used  as  it 
will  be  needed  as  long  as  the  floor  is  in  use. 
The  thickness  of  the  concrete  is  not  the  fac¬ 
tor  to  be  considered  except  as  far  as 
strength  is  concerned,  its  waterproof  qual¬ 
ities  depending  on  density.  A  1-2-4  mixture 
is  rich  enough  if  coarse  sand  and  small  or 
broken  stone  under  one  inch  is  used ;  but  if 
the  sand  is  fine  the  cement  should  be  in¬ 
creased  15  per  cent.  The  concrete  should 
be  wet  enough  to  be  quite  mushy  and  the 
wooden  floor  should  be  thoroughly  wet  be¬ 
fore  placing  concrete.  Tamp  until  water 
shows  on  top.  The  surface  should  be 
trowelled  smooth  before  the  concrete  has 
set  hard,  and  the  surface  should  be  kept 
wet  for  several  days  to  prevent  too  rapid 
drying.  A  slight  pitch  should  be  given  to 
carry  liquid  to  a  gutter  or  drain  back  of 
stalls.  A  good  plan  would  be  to  carry  the 
concrete  up  around  the  sides  about  six 
inches  high  to  protect  sills  and  side  of 
barn  from  damp.  One  bag  of  cement  will 


Some  farmers  produce  milk  and  peddle 
it  out,  and  get  from  six  to  eight  cents  per 
quart,  according  to  the  amount  the  customer 
takes.  Cream  is  sold  ranging  six  to  eight 
cents  per  one-half  pint.  Some  farmers  sell 
milk  to  peddlers  who  do  not  produce  any 
milk  themselves ;  ranging  price  is  three 
cents  in  Summer  and  four  cents  in  Winter. 
Some  farmers  separate  their  milk  at  home 
and  deliver  the  cream  two  and  three  times 
a  week  to  railroad  stations  where  it  is 
shipped  to  creameries  and  receive  price  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  amount  of  butter  fat  it  con¬ 
tains  ;  27  cents  per  pound  butter  fat  at 
present  time.  Some  sell  their  milk  to  deal¬ 
ers  in  Cedar  Rapids,  they  selling  same  to 
consumers  at  from  six  to  eight  cents  per 
quart,  the  farmer  getting  from  $1.25  to 
$1.75  per  100  pounds,  depending  on  the 
season  of  the  year.  Corn  in  this  locality  is 
bringing  34  cents  for  new  and  40  cents' for 
old,  shipping  price.  Cedar  Rapids  local 
market  is  paying  from  40  cents  to  50  cents, 
depending  on  quality  and  demand.  Oats, 
shipping,  26  to  27  cents  local  Cedar  Rapids 
market,  from  27  to  28  cents,  according  to 
demand.  Hay  tame,  $13  to  $14  per  ton; 
wild,  $10  to  $12;  straw,  $5  to  $6;  pota¬ 
toes  50  to  75  cents  per  bushel ;  wheat,  75  to 
85  cents.  e.  j.  w. 

Palo,  Iowa. 

The  wholesale  price  of  milk  in  Erie  Coun¬ 
ty,  N.  Y.,  is  about  13  cents  a  gallon,  freight 
being  .paid  by  purchaser.  Some  producers 
are  getting  16  cents  for  the  Winter  for 
extra  milk,  but  very  few  have  extra  milk 
in  cold  weather.  The  Buffalo  market  takes 
all  it  can  get  for  a  large  radius  around  the 
city,  and  then  there  are  times  when  the 
supply  is  inadequate,  because  a  large  num¬ 
ber  of  farmers  take  their  milk  to  cream¬ 
eries,  of  which  there  is  quite  a  number. 
Milk  contracts  are  made  from  May  first 
usually  for  one  year,  milk  payments  month¬ 
ly.  The  city  retailers  have  an  organization, 
the  farmers  have  no  union,  although  one 
was  started  several  years  ago ;  the  farmers 
here  have  to  take  the  price  offered  them  by 
the  city  retailers  or  quit.  The  farmers  are 
mostly  selling  two  cans  of  eight  gallons 
each,  but  some  sell  four,  six  or  eight  cans. 
It  is  mostly  shipped  to  Buffalo  by  rail,  al¬ 
though  several  hundred  cans  are  hauled  by 
wagon  daily.  There  has  been  some  falling 
off  of  producers  the  last  year,  and  many 
more  promise  to  quit  the  coming  year.  The 
present  low  price  of  milk  and  strict  sani¬ 
tary  inspection  by  the  city  and  State  health 
departments,  coupled  with  the  high  price 
of  feeds  and  fresh  cows,  is  very  detri¬ 
mental  to  the  profitable  production  of  milk  ; 
therefore  many  choose  to  take  their  milk  to 
creameries  or  take  up  some  other  branch 
of  farming  that  pays  better.  s.  s. 

MILKING  MACHINES. 

Is  there  any  milking  machine  that  will 
really  do  the  work  well,  and  cows  take  to 
them  all  right,  so  that  they  are  really  a 
good  thing  to  own  for  a  herd  of  20  cows? 
i*  j.s  getting  so  hard  to  hire  men  to  do  the 
milking  that  we  surely  need  the  machine. 

Franklinville,  N.  Y.  e.  n.  r. 

The  use  of  milking  machines  does  not 
seem  to  be  gaining  rapidly.  A  number 
of  machines  have  been  introduced  and  tried 
practically.  Some  are  still  being  operated, 
but  they  have  not  "revolutionized”  the 
dairy  business  as  predicted.  It  is  now 
P ™e  to  sum  up  the  matter  fairly  after  long 
trial.  We  would  like  to  hear  from  those 
who  have  tried  the  machines.  Are  they 
really  practical?  * 


make  about  4%  cubic  feet  of  1-2-4  con¬ 
crete,  or  about  six  cubic  feet  of  a  1-3-6  mix¬ 
ture.  H.  A.  J.  had  better  order  two  or  three 
extra  bags  of  cement  rather  than  be  de¬ 
layed  for  lack  of  material.  r.  b.  g. 

Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


240 Page  Book  On 
and  Silage 


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and  mention  this  paper. 

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INDIANA  J  SILOS 

Are  recognized  as  the  best  made. 

Ten  Thousand  now  in  use  on  the 

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FAMOUS  INDIANA  SILOS. 

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SILOS 

The  kind  '•Uncle  Sam"  uses,  best 
and  cheapest.  Send  for  catalog. 

HARDER  MFC.  CO. 

Box  1  1  ,  Coblesklll,  N.  Y. 


Continuous  Opening 
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Braced  Door  Frame 
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Phelps  will  save  you  $25.00 
$75.00  ou  the  purchase  price  of 
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Phelps  has  the  confidence  of  over  140,000  farmers  throughout 
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The  only  thoroughly  manufactured 
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Box  13  SPRINGFIELD.  OHIO 


GREEN  MOUNTAIN 

SILOS 

Three  bearings  all  around 
each  door  like  a  safe  or  re¬ 
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stronger  than  others.  Staves, 
doors  and  fronts  soaked  in 
preservative  if  you  wish. 

Green  Mountain  Silos  differ 
from  other  round  silos. 

Free  catalogue  gives  details. 

Post  card  will  bring  it. 

,  CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MFG.  CO., 
338  West  Street,  Rutland,  Vt. 


ECONOMY  SILO 


Our  simple  yet  perfect-fitting  doors, 
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vent  possibility  of  ensilage  spoiling. 
Quick,  easy  adjustment  without 
hammer  or  wrench.  Free  access. 

Every  silo  easy  to  erect.  Seasoned 
wh  i  te  p  i  ne  or  cypress  staves.  Refined 
iron  hoops  form  easy  ladder. 

Write  for  free  catalogue  with  proof 
of  our  claims  from  delighted  users. 

ECONOMY  SILO  *  MFC.  CO., 

■**  Frederick,  Md. 


jiiriiuir 


You  can  shove  ensilage  out  ofthe  unobstructed, 
continuous  door  front  of  a  Unadilla  $i)ol5  cents 
a  ton  cheaper  than  yon  can  pitch  it  up  3  to  0  fl. 
over  croaa-bars  on  an  ordinary  silo, 

Unadilla  Silo  doors  shove  np — most  others 
push  in,  making  it  necessary  to  feed  to  the 
bottom  of  these  doors  before  they  can  be  opened. 
Non-breakable  lugs,  cold  rolled  over  threads  on 
►end  of  steel  hoops— ^  stronger  than  ordinary 
cut  thread  hoops.  Write  for  25  Reasons  Why. 
Extra  discount  for  early  orders.  Agents  wanted. 

Of  API  I.  LA  SILO  CO.,  Box  B,  Unadilla,  N.  Y. 


80 


January  21, 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


HOW  TO  BOX  “BABY  CHICKS.” 

Can  you  give  me  an  idea  as  to  tlie  best 
way  to  box  day-old  chicks,  to  express? 

Licking  Co.,  O.  H.  a.  a. 

In  boxing  “day  olds”  for  shipment  by 
express  we  use  what  we  call  “flats”  or 
shallow  boxes  four  to  five  inches  high, 
15  to  18  inches  wide,  and  about  two 
feet  long,  holding  100  to  200  chicks. 
First  take  a  strip  of  coarse  muslin,  or 
even  burlap  will  do,  and  lay  one  end  of 
it  across  the  box  on  which  place  a 
layer  of  cotton  batting,  thin  if  the 
weather  is  warm,  and  thicker  if  cold. 
Then  fold  back  the  muslin  and  press 
the  pad  thus  formed  down  evenly  on 
the  bottom  and  against  the  edges  of  the 
box,  when  it  is  ready  for  the  chicks. 
Now,  being  very  careful  not  to  let  the 
chicks  get  chilled,  the  box  is  filled 
evenly,  but  not  piled  up.  Then  fold  the 
muslin  across  over  the  chicks  and  put 
on  another  layer  of  batting,  enough  to 
fill  the  box,  then  you  fold  back  the  mus¬ 
lin  and  nail  strips  closely  for  a  cover, 
and  they  are  ready  for  the  devious  ways 
of  the  express  company. 

FLOYD  Q.  WHITE. 

The  business  of  hatching  and  selling 
day-old  chicks  has  increased  enormously 
within  two  years.  To  many  people  who 
are  not  familiar  with  the  poultry  busi¬ 
ness  this  matter  is  entirely  new,  and 
they  do  not  understand  how  it  is  pos¬ 
sible  to  send  the  tender  little  chicks  any 
great  distance  without  many  of  them 
dying  on  the  way.  As  a  matter  of  fact 
the  chick  10  hours  after  he  has  kicked 
himself  loose  from  the  egg  shell  is  in 
much  better  condition  to  be  safely 
shipped  500  to  1,000  miles  than  he 
would  be  when  a  week  or  two  weeks 
old.  In  his  body  is  the  entire  yolk  of 
the  egg  which  was  surrounded  by  the 
chick  only  a  short  time  before  it  left 
the  shell.  This  yolk  furnishes  sufficient 
nourishment  to  sustain  the  chick’s  life 
for  four  or  five  days ;  the  only  thing 
to  be  provided  is  warmth;  and  that  the 
chick  itself  furnishes,  as  each  little  body 
is  a  furnace  generating  heat,  and  if 
enough  chicks  are  kept  together,  say  25 
to  50,  and  the  heat  is  kept  from  being 
dissipated  by  a  burlap  or  muslin  cover 
over  the  box  containing  the  chicks,  they 
may  be  safely  shipped  any  distance 


which  can  be  covered  by  express  trains 
in  three  or  four  days.  The  muslin  cover 
allows  sufficient  ventilation,  and  prac¬ 
tically  the  greatest  risk  the  chicks  have 
to  run  is  the  care  of  the  express  agent. 
He  may  be  overkind  and  put  the  chicks 
so  near  the  stove  or  steampipes  that 
they  become  overheated,  or  carelessly 
leave  them  where  a  strong  draft  of  cold 
air  may  chill  them ;  but  with  reasonable 
care  they  may  be  shipped  500  miles  and 
the  loss  not  exceed  two  or  three  per 
cent. 

This  opens  up  great  possibilities  for 
the  man  who  desires  to  start  in  the 
poultry  business;  for  there  is  no  expense 
for  incubators  and  an  incubator  cellar, 
no  loss  from  infertile  eggs  or  chicks 
“dead  in  the  shell,”  and  then  better  yet, 
he  can  have  all  his  flock  practically  of 
the  same  age,  which  is  a  very  great  ad¬ 
vantage  in  raising  the  chicks.  White 
Leghorn  chicks  a  day  old  are  advertised 
for  sale  in  all  the  poultry  magazines 
for  $10  per  100.  Suppose  a  man  pays 
$50  for  500  chicks  May  1.  Allowing  a 
loss  by  hawks,  skunks  and  other  causes 
of  20  per  cent,  he  would  have  in  the 
Fall  400  head,  worth  a  dollar  apiece. 
Or  if  he  sold  the  cockerels  for  broilers 
when  one  to  two  pounds  in  weight, 
which  would  under  ordinary  conditions 
pay  the  entire  cost  of  raising  the  pullets, 
he  ought  to  have  200  good  pullets  ready 
to  lay  in  September  or  October  and 
keep  it  up  all  Winter.  This,  of  course, 
is  supposing  that  tire  chicks  have  been 
well  cared  for  from  the  time  they  were 
received.  I  have  been  asked  “what  pro¬ 
portion  of  the  chicks  received  in  this 
way  can  be  expected  to  live?”  I  would 
answer,  just  about  as  many  as  if  they 
had  been  hatched  in  your  own  house 
and  carried  across  the  road  to  the 
brooder.  The  brooding  is  the  most  im¬ 
portant  part,  and  the  heatless  brooder 
has  come  to  stay. 

My  own  experience  and  what  I  saw 
done  by  my  neighbors  last  year  con¬ 
vinces  me  that  stronger  and  healthier 
chicks  can  be  raised  without  heat  than 
with.  Mr.  Fred  Gammack  raised  1000 
White  Leghorn  chicks  last  year  in  cheese 
boxes,  simply  cheese  boxes,  obtained  at 
the  grocery  stores  in  Hartford.  No  arti¬ 
ficial  heat  whatever  was  used.  Last 


Fall  I  went  through  his  poultry  houses, 
and  never  saw  a  thriftier  lot  of  birds, 
and  he  tells  me  they  are  laying  to  beat 
anything  in  his  experience.  Mr.  Gam- 
mack  takes  stiff  paper — strawboard — and 
makes  a  little  yard  in  front  of  the  cheese 
box,  tacking  the  strawboard  to  the  sides 
of  the  box,  and  cutting  an  oval  hole  on 
each  side  of  the  box  where  the  straw- 
board  joins  it,  so  that  the  chicks  when 
they  crowd  in  the  corners,  crowd  them¬ 
selves  through  the  hoies  right  into  the 
box.  An  iron  wire  ring  fitting  loosely 
inside  the  box  has  a  “sheet”  sewed  to 
it,  and  one  or  two  cotton  stuffed 
“blankets”  are  dropped  on  the  “sheet.” 
The  ring  is  suspended  from  the  top  edge 
of  the  box  by  bent  wires.  That  is  all 
the  “mother”  the  chicks  have,  and  it 
does  the  business.  The  cheese  boxes 
cost  nothing,  the  rest  of  the  niaterial 
five  or  10  cents.  A  cheap  way  certainly 
of  brooding  25  or  30  chicks.  Mr.  Gam- 
mack  had  a  lot  of  the  old  lamp  brood¬ 
ers  ;  he  tore  the  insides  all  out,  retaining 
only  the  four  sides  and  t'lie  roof,  and 
put  the  cheese  boxes  inside  on  the 
ground.  When  the  chicks  were  two 
weeks  old  the  paper  “yard”  was  re¬ 
moved  and  the  chicks  had  the  run  of 
the  inside  of  the  brooder,  and  remained 
there  until  large  enough  to  be  put  in 
colony  houses  out  in  the  cornfield.  For 
the  man  who  has  not  a  suitable  place  to 
keep  incubators,  or  the  time  to  attend 
to  them,  the  opportunity  to  buy  day-old 
chicks  is  a  great  convenience.  Orders 
for  chicks  should  be  sent  into  the  deal¬ 
ers  as  early  as  possible,  stating  the  time 
when  chicks  will  be  wanted.  Two  years 
ago  I  bought  200  day-old  chicks — R.  I. 
Reds;  they  had  to  be  carried  about  four 
miles,  then  shipped  to  me  by  train,  and 
carried  two  miles  to  my  place.  The 
chicks  arrived  in  good  condition,  not  a 
dead  one  in  the  lot,  and  I  raised  most 
of  them,  selling  the  cockerels  for  broil¬ 
ers.  I  selected  40  of  the  pullets  in  the 
Fall,  put  them  in  a  10x20  foot  house, 
and  they  gave  me  16  to  20  eggs  a  day 
all  Winter.  The  Hall  mammoth  incu¬ 
bators,  holding  20,000  to  30,000  eggs, 
hatching  a  larger  percentage  than  smaller 
machines,  and  reducing  the  labor  cost, 
have  made  the  production  of  day-old 
chicks  a  very  profitable  business. 

GEO.  A.  COSGROVE. 


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Ohio 


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Read 

This 

Letter 


The  Quaker  Oats  Co., 

Gentlemen: — I  was  feed¬ 
ing  1  bushel  Gluten,  1  bush¬ 
el  Bran,  and  1  busiiel  of 
Gornmeal  mixed,  (equal  parts 
bulk),  when  I  was  advised  to 
feed  1  bushel  Gluten  and  2  bushels  of 
Schumacher  Stock  Feed.  I  was  milk¬ 
ing  18  cows:  in  3  days  my  cows  gained 
62  lbs.  of  milk.  They  continued  to  do 
fine.  I  used  up  my  supply  of  Schu¬ 
macher  and  went  after  more  but  the 
dealer  was  out.  I  bought  bran  and 
meal  and  went  back  to  my  former  ra¬ 
tion.  In  2  days  my  cows  dropped  down 
50  lbs.  in  milk.  I  bought  more  Schu¬ 
macher  as  soon  as  I  could,  and  am 
getting  very  fine  results  again.  My 
cows  not  only  give  more  milk  but  keep 
in  better  condition.  I  have  also  fed 
my  horses  Schumacher  Feed  and  I 
never  had  them  keep  in  as  good  shape 
doing  heavy  work. 

C.  B.  Ames,  Delevan,  N.  Y 


’■ffi 


1 


We  Say  it  Again! 

You  Are  Losing 

Money  and  MUk 

Every  Buy  You  Put  Off 

testing  the  New  Schumacher  feeding  plan.  We  don’t  ask  you  to  take 
our  word  for  this— just  read  the  words  of  your  fellow-dairymen  herewith.  We 
could  fill  this  and  a  dozen  more  pages  with  letters  like  these  from  the  best 
and  largest  dairymen  in  the  country,  telling  how  this  simple  plan 

Saves  $522  to  $822.  a  Ton 

on  feed  and  in  addition  produces  a  remarkable  increase  in  milk  and  puts  cows  in  the  fin¬ 
est  kind  of  condition.  You  certainly  want  such  results,  don’t  you?  You  can  get 
them  as  sure  as  day  dawns  if  you  will  mix 

Schumacher  Feed 

(to  the  amount  of  two-thirds  your  ration)  with  any  protein  concentrates  such  as  Gluten,  Malt  Sprouts, 
Distiller’s  Grains,  Oil  Meal,  Cotton  Seed  Meal,  Blue  Ribbon  Dairy  Feed  or  similar  high  protein  feeds  you 
are  feeding.  That’s  simple— that’s  easy.  The  reason  it  works  so  well  is: 

_ wm  j.  Milk  prices  were  never  higher.  Coarse  grain  prices  never  more  favorable,  making  it 
r  iirStS  possible  to  sell  Schumacher  at  or  below  the  price  of  bran. 

»  Schumacher  Feed,  a  kiln  dried,  ground  corn,  wheat,  oat  and  barley  products  feed. 
Second"  scientifically  blended  is  the  most  perfect  “balance”  you  can  get  to  complete 
a  ration  such  as  you  want  for  milk  making  and  to  build  up  and  maintain  good  flesh  and  strength 
^  so  necessary  to  enable  your  cows  to  stand  long,  heavy  milking  periods. 

By  cutting  down  your  high  cost  concentrates  you  save  $5  to  $8  a  ton— have  a 
better  ration  for  the  purpose— get  more  milk— and  when  cows  are  dry 
they  are  ready  for  the  butcher  without  any  expensive  “fitting.”  A  test  wjll  prove 
jjAv  and  please  you. 
your 

®88fes 

■L 

rm&V  Chicago, 


% 


Gained 
30  Bbsm 
)  fro  mi 4 
Cows 


Thirds 


•ady  for  the  butcher  without  any  expensive  -  ntting.  test  wm  jiiuvt 
se  you.  As  a  hog  feed  you  will  find  Schumacher  especially  fine.  Get  it  at 
dealer,  if  he  hasn’t  it,  write  us.  By  all  means  try  it  now, 

while  every  drop  of  milk  means  money  to  you.  "" 

The  Quaker  Oats  Go*, 

U.  &  Aa 


The  Quaker  Oats  Co., 

Gentlemen:  During  tho  past 
few  months  I  have  been  feeding 
my  dairy  a  ration  composed  of 
equal  parts  of  Gluten  Feed  and 
Distillers  Grain.  About  two 
weeks  ago  I  left  out  the  Dis¬ 
tillers  Grain  and  began  using 
Schumacher  Feed  in  its  place 
and  feeding  just  the  samo 
amount.  In  2  days  my  dairy  has 
gained  30 lbs.  of  milk  per  day.  13 
of  these  cows  have  been  milked 
since  last  March  and  April. 

Tho  most  important  point  in 
this  test  is  tho  fact  that,  while 
Schumacher’s  cost  me  $6.C0  per 
ton  less  than  tho  Distillers  Grain , 
my  cows  actually  gained  in  milk 
production  by  feeding  it.  and  at 
a  time  when,  as  every  dairyman 
knows,  it  is  the  tendency  for  cows 
that  have  been  milked  continu¬ 
ously  as  long  as  these  have, 
to  shrink. 

J.  E.  Murray,  Freedom. N.Y. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKEH 


1911. 


HI 


THE  CHECK  AND  THE  BOGUS  COW. 

Your  cow  swindle  stories  on  pages 
1104  and  1190  lead  me  to  tell  of  my 
own  experience  with  professional  cow 
dealers.  I  ought  to  say  cow  jockeys, 
for  they  are  first  cousins  to  the  horse 
jockeys,  and  it  is  my  opinion  that  the 
outside  of  a  horse  is  a  far  better  in¬ 
dication  of  its  value  than  is  the  out¬ 
side  of  a  cow.  A  peculiar  thing  about 
these  people  is  that  they  insist  on  tell¬ 
ing  you  what  some  one  told  them,  and 
in  trying  to  avoid  any  responsibility 
themselves,  and  when  they  make  a  sale 
they  want  their  money  before  they  let 
go  of  the  halter.  In  August  I  bought 
a  cow  which  was  represented  to  be 
fresh,  and  which  had  by  her  side  a  calf 
five  or  six  weeks  old.  She  turned  out 
to  be  a  stripper,  and  her  present  con¬ 
dition  is  evidence  that  she  has  been 
milked  at  least  six  months  and  perhaps 
a  very  much  longer  time.  I  was  getting 
a  little  wiser,  but  was  no  better  off.  As 
I  was  looking  for  a  milker  and  not  a 
boarder  I  decided  to  try  again.  I  had 
not  long  to  wait,  for  it  was  only  a  few 
days  before  another  dealer  came  along 
with  a  fine-looking  cow;  he  said  that 
the  parties  of  whom  he  bought  her  told 
him  that  she  would  give  a  certain 
(large)  amount  of  milk,  and  that  he  be¬ 
lieved  them.  After  some  bantering  he 
put  the  cow  in  the  barn  and  received 
in  payment  a  check.  It  was  after  bank¬ 
ing  hours,  and  I  had  two  chances  to 
milk  the  cow  before  the  bank  could 
cash  the  check.  That  night  the  cow 
hardly  wet  the  bottom  of  the  pail,  and 
the  next  morning  gave  less  than  a  quart. 
It  was  an  easy  matter  to  stop  payment 
on  the  check  by  telephone,  and  was  a 
case  where  the  dealer  got  his  cash  and 
he  didn’t  get  it.  S.  A.  P. 

Niagara  Co.,  N.  Y. 


WHAT  CORN  FOR  THE  SILO  ? 

Let  us  have  all  sides  of  this  corn  silage 
discussion.  The  question  is  whether  it 
pays  better  to  grow  a  very  large  amount 
of  stalks  of  a  variety  like  Eureka  or  to 
grow  less  bulk  of  a  variety  which  will  pro¬ 
duce  ears.  Mr.  Brigham,  on  page  5,  argues 
for  the  latter  plan.  Here  is  another  Ver¬ 
mont  man  on  the  other  side: 

Here  are  our  conclusions,  after  har¬ 
vesting  and  feeding  from  our  silo  for 
over  two  months.  It  is  as  good  silage 
as  I  ever  fed,  and  will  produce  as  much 
milk  pound  for  pound  as  any  we  ever 
fed.  We  had  stalks  that  were  16  feet 
high  and  we  used  no  commercial  fer¬ 
tilizer  on  this  whatever.  The  silo  which 
we  filled  to  its  utmost  capacity  from 
seven  acres  of  Eureka  held  13  acres  of 
Sanford  corn  in  1899.  We  have  good 
corn  land,  but  it  must  be  remembered 
we  are  in  a  latitude  of  short  seasons. 
Now  by  raising  Eureka  we  had  six  acres 
of  ground  to  plant  to  Northern  corn,  of 
which  we  had  over  800  bushels  to  crib 
on  just  the  ground  we  gained  by  plant¬ 
ing  the  larger  variety,  f.  b.  martin. 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  and  TRADE. 

Germany  produced  14,793,300  tons  of 
pig  iron  during  1910,  an  increase  of  nearly 
2,000,000  tons  over  the  previous  year. 

Anthracite  coal  to  the  amount  of  64,- 
905,786  tons  was  shipped  from  mines  of 
this  country  in  the  past  year. 

Dressed  Poultry. — Receipts  of  the  past 
week  have  been  so  light  that  the  market, 
which  was  so  overstocked  during  the  holi¬ 
days,  has  been  cleared  up  and  shows  an 
actual  scarcity  in  some  items  now.  Fresh- 
killed  fancy  turkeys  are  particularly  scarce, 
and  the  same  Is  true  of  fancy  roasting 
chickens.  Such  turkeys  are  selling  up  to 
24  cents  and  chickens  22.  The  demand  fol¬ 
lower  grades  is  light.  Capons  have  brought 
as  high  as  25  cents,  retailing  at  28  to  30 
cents.  These  must  weigh  from  eight  to 
10  pounds.  Small  capons,  running  under 
six  pounds,  bring  no  more  than  ordinary 
chickens.  Choice  ducks  are  very  scarce. 

Butter.— The  market  is  weak  and  lower 
on  practically  all  grades.  Buyers  are  tak¬ 
ing  only  enough  for  current  needs,  being 
uncertain  how  far  the  drop  will  go.  Values 
on  grades  below  choice  and  on  storage 
creamery  are  unsettled  and  largely  a  mat¬ 
ter  of  dickering.  A  decline  at  this  season 
is  disquieting  to  the  storage  interests,  as 
they  operate  on  a  much  narrower  margin 
of  profit  than  formerly.  The  butterine 
makers  have  been  making  strenuous  efforts 
to  increase  their  sales  in  New  York  re¬ 
cently,  and  with  some  success,  mainly  in 
the  high  class  product,  which  sells  just 
below  choice  butter.  The  opinion  is  ex¬ 
pressed  that  this  open  and  advertised  sale 
of  butterine  is  merely  a  bluff  to  attract 
attention  from  its  illicit  sale  as  butter. 
There  is  probably  truth  in  this  because  so 
long  as  it  is  made  to  resemble  butter  so 
closely  that  no  one  but  an  expert  can  tell 
the  difference,  a  force  of  inspectors  larger 
than  the  regular  army  would  be  needed  to 
prevent  the  substitution  somewhere  along 
the  line  of  sale. 

Foreign  Meats. — Several  lots  of  fresh 
beef  and  mutton  have  been  received  at 
New  York  during  the  past  year  from  South 
America,  New  Zealand  and  Australia.  One 
shipment  of  over  12,000  carcasses  of  frozen 
mutton  came  from  New  Zealand.  The 
quality  was  good,  and  after  paying  trans¬ 
portation  and  duty  it  is  said  to  have  cost 
the  importers  about  one  cent  less  than 
native  mutton.  Those  handling  these 
meats  have  not  advertised  the  fact,  as  they 


were  not  looking  for  additional  trouble 
with  our  “infant  industry”  meat  trust. 
Probably  very  few  consumers  who  used 
these  meats  from  South  America  and  the 
South  Seas  knew  that  they  were  other  than 
the  home  product.  It  is  understood  that 
these  meat  importations  will  be  consider¬ 
ably  increased  during  the  coming  year. 
The  duty  on  fresh  meats  is  1%  cent  per 
pound ;  hams,  four  cents,  and  meats  other¬ 
wise  preserved,  25  per  cent  of  their  value. 

Potato  trade  has  improved  a  little, 
though  there  is  still  a  considerable  burden 
of  frosted  or  otherwise  inferior  stock  on 
hand,  selling  from  25  to  40  cents  per 
bushel.  Chilled  potatoes,  if  used  quickly, 
do  very  well  for  cheap  hotel  and  restau¬ 
rant  trade,  as  few  customers  object  to  the 
sweetish  taste  caused  by  chilling.  Long 
Island  potatoes,  which  are  considered  the 
best  that  come  to  New  York,  are  now  re¬ 
tailing  at  $1  to  .$1.25  per  bushel,  depending 
upon  quality  and  in  what  part  of  the  city 
they  are  bought.  A  friend  has  the  rather 
novel  idea  of  making  potatoes  a  great 
restaurant  specialty.  His  plan  is  to  serve 
large  portions  of  baked  and  mashed  pota¬ 
toes  cooked  to  the  top  notch  of  skill  so 
often  found  on  farm  tables.  He  thinks 
that  there  will  be  a  popular  contrast  be¬ 
tween  the  sloppy,  lumpy  or  soggy  alleged 
mashed  or  baked  potatoes  of  restaurant 
fare,  and  potatoes  baked  just  right,  or 
mashed  to  a  light  and  melting  consistency, 
yet  firm  enough  so  that  a  spoonful  will  not 
run.  Perhaps  there  is  something  in  this 
idea,  and,  as  there  is  no  patent  on  it,  any 
other  eating  house  man  is  at  liberty  to 
put  it  in  practice.  I  feel  quite  sure  that  a 
large  number  of  patrons  would  be  better 
satisfied,  and  incidentally  it  would  not  be 
a  bad  thing  for  potato  growers,  w.  w.  h. 


The  Sterilac 

Milk 
Pail 

It  Keeps 
Milk 
Sweet 

The  only  pail  that  keeps  dirt  - 

out  of  the  milk  at  milking  time.  Test  it  and  prove  it 

10  Da^s  Free  Trial 

to  prove  to  yon  that  it’s  the  best  thing  in  the  milk 
pail  line  you  ever  saw.  Simply  ship  it  back  if  you 
don’t  like  it.  We’ll  pay  express  both  ways.  No 
other  milk  pail  ever  made  like  it.  Look  at  this  pic¬ 
ture.  There  is  a  separate  shelf  for  a  dirt  catcher. 
Not  a  particle  of  dust,  hair  or  filth  can  get  into  the 
milk.  Dirt  is  kept  dry  and  thrown  out,  not  wet  and 
allowed  to“trickle”  into  the  milk  to  taint  it  and  make 
it  sour  quickly.  That  explains  why  it  is  approved  by 
all  dairymen,  doctors  and  pure  milk  officers.  Made 
extra  strong.  Right  pattern  for  easy  washing  and 
handling  milk.  1’rice  ®2.60.  Ask  your  dealer.  If 
he  hasn’t  it  wo  will  send  trial  pail  prepaid.  See  how 
it  will  build  up  your  reputation  for  pure  milk. 
STERILAC  COMPANY,  5  Merchants  Row,  Boston,  Mass. 


li 


Figure  on 
Painting 
This  Spring 

A  second  short  flax 
crop  keeps  linseed  oil 
up,  but  the  increase  in 
price  in  pure  white  lead 
paint  is  not  so  great  as 
you  may  fear. 

Get  at  your  dealer’s 
the  cost  of  100  pounds 
of  “Dutch  Boy  Painter ” 
White  Lead,  4  gals,  pure 
linseed  oil,  1  gal.  tur- 
lentine,  1  pint  turpentine  drier — this  makes 
;  gallons  of  old-fashioned  paint. 

Compare  this  cost,  either  by  the  gallon  or  by 
be  job.  with  what  you  used  to  pay  for  paint. 

You’ll  find  the  difference  so  small  that  yon 
an’t  afford  to  put  off  painting,  or  to  paint  with 
nything  except  "Dutch  Boy  Painter”  While 
.ead.  Write  for  free  “  Painting  Helps  No.  108 

NATIONAL  LEAD  COMPANY 

Offices  in  the  following  cities: 


ew  York  Boston  Buffalo 
incinnati  Cleveland  St.  Louis 
San  Francisco 
ohn  T.  Lewis  A  Bros.  Co., 

Philadelphia) 

Mational  Lead  and  Oil  Co., 

Pittsburgh) 


Is  Oleomargarine 
As  Good  As  Butter? 

Because  oleomargarine  is  colored  like  butter  and 
looks  like  butter  and  even  tastes  like  butter,  is  it  as 
as  good  as  butter  % 

The  makers  CLAIM  it  is. 

You  KNOW  it  is  not. 

You  know  that  it  is  an  inferior  article,  that  it  is  sold 
by  misrep resen tatiou,  and  you  wouldn’t  touch  it  with  a 
ten -foot  pole. 

Now  similar  conditions  prevail  in  the  separator 
business. 

The  DE  LAYAL  is  everywhere  recognized  by  cream - 
erymen,  prominent  dairymen  and  buttermakers  as  being 
by  far  the  best  cream  separator  on  the  market. 

98%  of  the  world’s  creamerymen  use  theDE  LAYAL 
to  the  exclusion  of  every  other  make.  That  looks  like 
pretty  conclusive  evidence  that  the  men  who  make  the 
separation  of  cream  and  the  making  of  butter  A 
BUSINESS,  the  men  who  know,  are  not  in  any  doubt 
as  to  which  is  the  best  cream  separator. 

The  makers  of  inferior  separators  acknowledge  that 
the  DE  LAYAL  is  the  best  when  they  say  to  you  “Our 
separator  looks  like  the  DE  LAYAL”  or  “it’s  just  as 
good  as  the  DE  LAYAL,  but  we  will  sell  it  to  you  for 
a  little  less  money.” 

Why  do  they  offer  to  sell  their  machines  cheaper? 
For  the  very  same  reason  that  the  makers  of  oleomar¬ 
garine  sell  their  product  cheaper  than  butter — because 
they  COST  less  to  MAKE  and  are  WORTH  less. 

The  DE  LAYAL  has  many  imitators  but  no  equal. 

There  is  no  substitute  for  the  DE  LAYAL  any  more 
than  there  can  be  a  substitute  for  butter. 

If  you  need  a  cream  separator,  why  experiment  with 
“worth  less,”  “near”  or  “just  as  good”  imitations? 
You  will  save  yourself  time,  money  and  trouble  by 
getting  the  genuine  DE  LAVAL. 

For  catalog  and  any  desired  information  write  to  the 
nearest  office  of  THE  DE  LAYAL  SEPARATOR  CO., 
165  Broadway,  Kew  York;  42  East  Madison  Street,  Chi¬ 
cago;  Drumm  and  Sacramento  Streets,  San  Francisco; 
173-177  William  Street,  Montreal;  14-16  Princess  Street, 
Winnipeg;  1016  Western  Avenue,  Seattle. 


IANI 

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no  Freezing 


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T  stand*  up  under  the  hardest 
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long  after  they  expect  an  engine  to  be  found  running. 
With  remarkable  light  weight  in  either  Novo,  Jr.; 

3 and  5  H.  P.  capacities,  the  Novo  is 
compact,  strong,  efficient,  has  few  parts;  uses  the 
smallest  amount  of  fuel.  The  cooling  water  is  in  the 
jacket  around  the  cylinder;  freezing  does  no  harm. 

FREE  NOVO  BOOK 

Hildreth  Manufacturing  Company 

C.  E.  BEMENT.  Sec’y  and  Gen’l  Mgr. 

116  Willow  St.,  LANSING,  MICH. 


Get  this  Genuine  Alectride  Tool 


Barman  Supply  Co.,  ICO  Banjson  St.,  Dept.3581,  Chlcag* 


Please  send  me  free  and  prepaid  boolc'ets  explaining 
your  free  trial  offer  of  your  Alectride  Tool  Grinder. 


Grinder  on  Free  Trial 


Name.. 


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No  letter  necessary; 
merely  send  tbe 
coupon. 


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Hard  Enoueh 
to  Scratcn 
the  Diamond 


Sharpen  your  tools  at  my  expense.  I  want  to  show  you  that  the  ancient  grindstone 
is  a  back  number  and  that  the  emery  wheel  is  a  menace.  I  want  you  to  try  positively 
free  this  genuine  Alectride  Farm  Tool  Grinder.  Alectride  is  the  only  true  abrasive.  It  will 
not  draw  the  temper  from  steel;  it  will  sharpen  the  dullest  tool  in  from  8  to  5  minutes,  when 
the  grindstone  would  take  half  an  hour.  Alectride  never  wears  out.  It  does  not  glaze  over 
I  want  to  send  a  few  of  these  machines  out  on  Free  Trial  in  every  part  of  the  United  States.  I  want 
to  put  one  in  every  locality.  I  want  you  to  clip  off  and  send  the  coupon  at  the  upper  right  hand  corner 
of  this  announcement  and  I  will  mail  at  once  circulars  explaining  every  detail  of  the  ofier  I  am  making  here. 

I  Don’t  Want  You  to  Send  Me  a  Cent  of  Your  Money.  I  Don’t  Want  Any  Promise 

I  merely  want  to  place  this  Genuine  Alectride  Grinder  on  you*  farm  lor  a  few  days.  Sharpen  you*  dull  axe,  you*  dull  scythe,  your  dull  com 
knives,  your  dull  cold  chisels,  or  hatchet,  or  any  dull  tool  you  have.  See  how  quickly 
and  how  easily  It  is  done.  See  how  Alectride  (made  of  the  substance  of  precious  stones) 
sharpens  your  tools  in  from  one-iourth  to  one-twenty-fiith  of  the  time  required  by  a 
grindstone  and  does  not  heat  nor  draw  the  temper.  Do  ail  this — give  this  machine  the 
most  severe  tests — then  unless  you  think  that  you  positively  cannot  get  along  without 
this  Alectride  Tool  Grinder,  send  it  back  at  our  expense.  We’ll  ask  no  questions. 

We'll  take  it  back  without  a  word,  and  we'll  pay  the  transportation  charges.  Now  send 
the  coupon.  Let  us  tell  you  all  about  this  wonderful  abrasive  and  our  free  trial  oiler. 

Remember — Alectride  is  really  manufactured  precious  stones.  It  is  even  harder 
than  the  hardest  diamond.  Alectride  will  scratch  a  diamond  and  cut  glass  like  a  knile 
cuts  an  apple.  Send  the  coupon  today  and  get  full  explanation  oi  our  Great  SO  Day 
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not  delay. 

Harman  Supply  Co.,  160  Harrison  SL,  Dept-  S581  *  Chicago,  HL 


10  MACHINES  IN  1 

1  One  Sickle  Grinder  Wheel  (Improved) 

(Improved) 


2  One  Fine  Grinding  Wheel  . 

3  One  Coarse  Grinding  Wheel  (Improved) 

4  One  Harman  Special  Oil  Stone  (Improved) 

5  One  Saw  Gummer  (Improved) 

6  One  Sickle  Holding  Attachment 

7  One  Scythe  Stone  (New) 

8  One  Harmon  Special  Razor  Hone  (New) 

9  One  Disc  Grinding  Atu—tinnent  (New) 

ID  One  Tool  Rest 


8  kJ 


THE  RURAb  NEW'YORKER 


January  21 


FEEDING  PROBLEMS. 

Under  this  heading  we  endeavor  to  give  advice 
and  suggestions  about  feeding  mixtures  of  grains 
and  fodders.  No  definite  rules  are  given,  but  the 
advice  is  based  upon  experience  and  average 
analyses  of  foods.  By  ‘-protein”  is  meant  the 
elements  in  the  food  which  go  to  make  muscle  or 
lean  meat.  “Carbohydrates”  comprise  the  starch, 
sugar,  etc.,  which  make  fat  and  provide  fuel  for 
the  body,  while  “fat”  is  the  pure  oil  found  in 
foods.  Dry  matter”  means  the  weight  of  actual 
food  left  in  fodder  or  grain  when  all  the  water  is 
driven  off.  A  “narrow  ration”  means  one  in  which 
the  proportion  of  protein  to  carbohydrates  is  close 
— a  “wide”  ration  means  one  which  shows  a  larger 
proportion  of  carbohydrates. 


Feeding  for  Butter  Making. 

I  am  feeding  the  following  kinds  of  grain  : 
Wheat  middlings,  oil  meal,  Buffalo  gluten, 
hominy  meal,  cotton-seed  meal  and  cut  corn¬ 
stalks  for  roughage.  How  many  pounds  of 
grain  should  I  feed  per  day  to  each  cow? 
I  make  butter.  Cows  weigh  about  900 
pounds  each.  Is  the  ration  too  narrow? 

Connecticut.  R.  J.  B. 

As  you  do  not  give  the  amounts  of 
the  different  kinds  of  feeding  stuffs 
which  you  are  using  it  is  impossible 
for  me  to  figure  the  exact  nutritive  ratio 
of  the  ration  you  are  feeding  at  the  pres¬ 
ent  time,  but  assume  it  to  be  about  as 


follows : 


Digestible 

Garb. 

Dry 

and 

matter. 

Protein. 

fat. 

Feeding  stuff. 

20  lbs.  corn  stover.  .  .  . 

1 2.00 

.34 

6.88 

2 

lbs.  wheat  middlings. 

1.70 

.256 

1.214 

2 

lbs.  oil  meal . 

1.82 

.586 

.97 

2 

lbs.  Buffalo  gluten.. 

1.80 

.464 

1.398 

2 

lbs.  hominy  meal... 

1.78 

.15 

1.41 

2 

lbs.  cotton-seed  meal 

1.84 

.744 

.888 

21.  2.54  12.76 

Nutritive  ratio,  1 :5. 

You  will  see  that  this  ration  has  a 
nutritive  ratio  of  1:5,  which  is  a  little 
narrower  than  the  standard  calls  for.  As 
you  only  have  corn  stover  for  roughage 
you  must  depend  almost  entirely  upon 
your  grain  ration  for  the  production  of 
milk,  which  necessitates  very  heavy  feed¬ 
ing,  probably  one  pound  of  grain  for 
every  2Yi  or  three  pounds  of  milk.  This 
is  a  much  better  rule  to  follow  than  so 
much  per  cow,  although  some  cows  re¬ 
quire  much  more  grain  than  others  to 
produce  the  same  amount  of  milk.  If 
you  had  some  home-grown  silage  and 
Alfalfa  or  clover  you  could  feed  your 
cows  properly  at  a  much  lower  cost.  The 
principal  fault  with  your  grain  mixture 
is  that  it  is  very  heavy  and  inclined  to 
be  sticky  or  clammy  in  the  cows’  mouths. 
If  you  would  use  wheat  bran  or  dried 
brewers’  or  distillers’  grains  instead  of 
the  middlings  it  would  help  to  overcome 
this  trouble  and  by  mixing  in  about  two 
pounds  of  cornmeal  or  hominy  the  ration 
would  be  nearer  balanced.  c.  S.  G. 

Beet  Pulp  for  Succulence. 

You  speak  of  dried  beet  pulp  as  an  ex¬ 
cellent  rood  in  place  of  silage  or  food  of 
similar  nature.  I  am  snort  of  a  succulent 
food  this  Winter  ;  usually  have  had  a  good 
supply  of  mangels,  but  the  dry  season  cut 
the  yield  last  Fall  so  I  am  out  of  them. 
Thus  I  am  reduced  to  hay  and  grain  for 
milk  production.  I  am  feeding  at  present 
for  grain  as  follows  :  300  pounds  bran,  200 

pounds  gluten,  200  pounds  cornmeal,  mixed, 
and  I  feed  from  seven  to  10  pounds  daily 
according  to  individual  cows,  with  hay  to 
fill  out  balance  of  ration,  whatever  they 
will  eat  clean.  At  present  prices  this  mix¬ 
ture  costs  me  1.3  cents  per  pound.  Can  you 
give  me  a  better  ration  without  increasing 
cost  too  much?  If  you  can  substitute  any 
other  article  for  it  do  so.  I  have  a  small 
herd  of  six  cows  and  peddle  the  milk  at 
six  cents,  raising  the  hay  and  buying  the 
grain.  R.  s. 

Massachusetts. 

As  you  have  no  succulent  feeding  stuff 
for  your  cattle  I  would  advise  feeding 
a  little  oil  meal — from  one  to  two  pounds 
per  day  for  each  cow,  and  also  dried  beet 
pulp.  It  would  no  doubt  pay  you  to  start 
with  one  pound  of  the  dried  pulp  per 
day  for  each  cow  and  increase  gradually 
up  to  five  pounds  if  you  find  that  your 
cows  increase  in  their  production  of  milk 
enough  to  pay  the  extra  cost.  If  you 
cannot  get  the  pulp  or  silage  you  will 
probably  have  to  rely  entirely  upon  the 
oil  meal.  A  very  good  ration  to  use 
would  he  two  pounds  cotton-seed  meal, 
three  pounds  buckwheat  middlings  and 
five  pounds  dried  beet  pulp.  This  ration 
would  certainly  increase  your  production 
of  milk  and  ought  to  cost  approximately 
the  same  as  your  present  ration.  Al¬ 
ways  mix  the  beet  pulp  with  all  the 
water  it  will  absorb  before  mixing  it 
with  your  other  grain.  If  you  cannot 
procure  the  ingredients  of  this  ration 
you  could  greatly  improve  the  ration 
you  are  using  at  present  by  substituting 
dry  distillers’  grains  for  the  wheat  bran. 
The  dry  distillers’  grains  are  worth  at 
least  50  per  cent  more  than  wheat  bran 
and  cost  but  $5  per  ton  more.  c.  S.  G, 

Ration  Without  Roughage. 

I  would  like  figures  for  a  balanced  ra¬ 
tion  in  following  feeds  or  any  other  econom¬ 
ical  feed  to  be  procured  locally :  Corn¬ 
meal,  wheat  bran,  gluten,  middlings. 

Congers,  N.  Y.  c.  a.  J. 

It  will  be  impossible  for  me  to  furnish 
you  with  exact  figures  for  a  balanced 
ration  without  knowing  what  roughage 
you  have  available,  as  the  kinds  and 


amounts  of  the  different  grains  which  are 
proper  for  a  balanced  ration  depend  to  a 
great  extent  upon  the  roughage  used.  At 
the  present  time  we  find  that  the  cheap¬ 
est  protein  feed  can  be  grown  on  the 
farm  in  most  cases  in  the  form  of  clover, 
Alfalfa  and  other  legumes.  If  however, 
you  cannot  get  one  or  more  of  these 
feeding  stuffs  you  will  have  to  buy  a 
large  amount  of  protein,  which  is  the 
most  expensive  nutrient.  Cotton-seed 
meal,  gluten  and  linseed  are  the  cheapest 
sources  of  concentrated  feeding  stuffs 
carrying  a  high  percentage  of  protein, 
while  dried  distillers’  grains  analyzing 
about  23  per  cent  protein  is  the  cheapest 
bulky  grain.  Compared  with  wheat  bran 
dried  distillers’  grains  contain  nearly 
twice  as  much  digestible  protein  at  a 
cost  of  about  $5  per  ton  more.  Corn 
silage  is  about  the  cheapest  carbonaceous 
feed  for  milk  production  if  available, 
but  it  would  probably  not  pay  to  build 
a  silo  for  three  cows.  If  you  will  let 
me  know  just  what  feeding  stuffs  you 
have  or  can  get  I  will  then  be  able  to 
give  you  more  specific  information. 

C.  S.  G. 


Calves  with  Catarrh. 

I  have  some  last  Spring  calves  that  seem 
thrifty,  look  well,  have  been  on  pasture  all 
Summer.  I  notice  that  they  run  at  the 
nose  in  the  morning;  when  they  first  get 
up  they  look  like  a  horse  with  distemper. 
The  discharge  almost  fills  the  nostril,  just 
looks  like  discharge  from  distempered  horse. 
No  cough  that  I  can  notice,  only  a  slight 
sneezing  when  first  getting  up  to  free  the 
nostril.  What  is  the  cause  and  what  can 
1  do  for  them?  f.  n.  w. 

Virginia. 

The  calves  have  catarrhal  cold,  and  pos¬ 
sibly  lung  worms.  See  that  stable  is  kept 
cool  and  perfectly  ventilated.  Sprinkle  a 
little  chloride  of  lime  upon  the  floor  once 
daily,  and  cover  lightly  with  bedding 
Nostrils  may  be  syringed  out  once  daily 
with  a  10  per  cent  solution  of  boric  acid 
if  found  necessary.  Make  calves  exercise 
out  of  doors  every  day  when  weather  is 
not  wet  or  stormy.  a.  s.  a. 

Diseases  of  Cats. 

Can  you  tell  me  the  cause  of  a  disease  of 
cats,  and  whether  or  not  there  is  any  cure 
for  it?  We  are  overrun  with  mice  and  have 
secured  several  cats  at  different  times,  but 
sooner  or  later  they  get  this  disease  and 

that  would  be  the  finish  of  them.  The 

last  cat  which  we  lost  we  raised,  and  it 
was  several  months  old,  so  it  does  not 

seem  to  us  that  it  can  be  anything  around 
the  place  that  they  get.  In  the  beginning 
of  the  disease  they  act  as  though  they  had 
been  poisoned ;  cough,  vomit  a  yellowish 

froth  which  would  later  turn  green ;  act 
“dopy,”  wouldn’t  eat  any  food  from  the 
time  they  were  first  taken  sick  until  they 
died,  which  would  he  within  three  days 
time ;  would  cry  out  as  if  in  great  pain 
if  you  touched  any  part  of  their  body  ever 
so  gently.  It  seems  to  he  a  contagious 
disease.  We  have  tried  it  seems  nearly 
everything,  hut  can  find  nothing  that  wili 
give  relief  or  cure.  Would  there  be  any 
danger  of  a  dog,  ferret  or  other  small  ani¬ 
mal  contracting  this  disease  from  a  cat?  I 
believe  many  of  the  farmers  are  troubled 
the  same  way.  They  are  buying  common 
cats  around  here  because  they  are  so 
scarce.  w.  c. 

New  York. 

Cats,  like  dogs,  rats  and  mice,  suffer 
from  “distemper”  and  it  is  terribly  in¬ 
fectious  to  such  animals.  This  may  he 
the  disease  present  on  your  place,  and  it 
will  be  found  practically  impossible  to  get 
rid  of  it.  Disinfection  and  whitewashing 
after  thorough  cleansing  would  be  the  only 
likely  method  of  getting  rid  of  the  in¬ 
fection.  In  several  instances  where  barn 
cats  are  fed  milk  warm  from  the  cows 
twice  a  day,  tuberculosis  contracted  from 
such  milk  has  been  found  the  cause  of 
disease  and  death.  Such  a  cause  should  be 
considered  here,  and  it  would  be  wise  to 
have  the  cows  tested  with  tuberculin,  if 
that  has  not  been  done.  If  the  disease 
continues  a  qualified  veterinarian  shouid 
be  engaged  to  make  a  post  mortem  exam¬ 
ination  and  study  of  the  disease,  a.  s.  a. 

Garget. 

I  have  a  Jersey  cow  affected  with  a  phase 
©f  garget  new  to  me,  and  would  like ''advice. 
During  the  first  lactation  period  she 
seemed  in  perfect  condition  and  did  very 
well  at  second  calving  (three  weeks  ago), 
except  that  one  teat  was  so  obstructed, 
apparently  at  the  end,  that  I  could  get  only 
a  very  line  stream.  There  was  some  scab 
at  opening  until  within  a  week.  I  have 
used  milking  tube  and  have  tried  leaving 
teat  plug  in  between  milkings.  There  has 
been  scarcely  any  inflammation,  soreness 
or  swelling,  but  lately  the  quarter  remains 
plump  after  milking  and  gives  less  than  a 
pint,  while  the  other  quarters  give  over  a 
quart.  There  have  been  no  “slugs”  in  the 
milk.  In  the  separator  the  milk  from  all 
teats  shows  very  gargety,  while  the  milk 
from  three  normal  teats  is  nearly  all  right. 
The  only  grain  ration  has  been  mixed  feed, 
four  quarts  daily  now.  Do  you  think  it 
probable  that  the  cow  will  lose  the  use  of 
the  affected  quarter?  h.  m.  s. 

Franklin,  N.  II. 

Most  likely  the  trouble  has  already  gone 
so  far  that  the  quarter  will  lose  its  func¬ 
tion.  Use  of  the  milking  tube  is  about 
certain  to  cause  infection  and  eventual  loss 
of  a  quarter.  It  is  almost  impossible  to 
keep  from  carrying  infective  matters  into 
the  teat  by  means  of  the  tube,  despite  care¬ 
ful  sterilization.  At  the  outset  a  teat 
bistoury  should  have  been  used  to  slit 
through  the  obstacle  in  four  different  direc¬ 
tions.  This  should  he  tried  now,  under  the 
strictest  antiseptic  precautions.  After  the 
operation  a  little  milk  should  be  stripped 
from  the  treated  teat  at  frequent  intervals, 
so  as  to  keep  the  duct  open.  At  same  time 
give  the  udder  hot  fomentations  three  times 
a  day  and  twice  daily  rub  in  a  mixture 
of  equal  parts  sweet  oil  and  fluid  extract 
of  poke  root.  a.  s.  a. 


More  Horse  Power 


'pO  get  more  horse  power  you  must  feed  a  muscle¬ 
making  ration  like  Sterling  Stock  Feed — it  is  a  concen¬ 
trated  ration— ready  to  feed — made  from  the  very  best  grades  of  corn,  oats 
and  barley,  finely  ground  and  correctly  balanced.  When  you  feed  Sterling 
to  your  horses  you  give  them  a  ration  that  makes  strong  muscles,  rich 
blood  and  endurance.  They  will  do  more  work — do  harder  work  and  at 
the  same  time  maintain  excellent  condition. 


does  this  cheaper  than  you  can  do  it  with  whole  grain  because  it  contains 

the  right  amount  of  nutrition  in  the  easiest  form  to  digest.  For  cattle,  sheep  and 
hogs  it  produces  wonderful  results  because  it  is  especially  adapted  to  making  blood, 
bone  and  fat.  A  test  tells  best— try  it.  At  dealers.  If  yours  can’t  supply  you  write  tou3. 

The  GREAT  WESTERN  CEREAL  CO.  K.  Chicago 

MAKERS  OF  QUALITY  FEEDS 

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As  they  some-  As  “  SA  VE-TflE-IIOBBE” 

times  are.  can  make  them. 


THIS  TELLS  THE  STORY 

Our  contract  takes  absol  utely  every  particle  of  chance 
out  of  the  matter  so  fur  as  the  user  is  concerned. 
This  is  no  “  say  so"  or  “catch  the  nnwary”  sort  of 
guarantee;  it  isa legal,  binding,  signed  agreement  to 
protect  purchaser.  Sendfor  copy  andabsolute  proofs— 
results  —  truths  from  business  men,  bankers,  manu¬ 
facturers,  breeders,  and  horse  owners  the  world  over. 

15  YEARS’  SUCCESS.  On  any  and  every  case  the 
kinds  where  all  other  methods  fail,  it  proves  to  have 
the  potential  properties  and  powerto  consummate  the 
desired  result.  Whether  an  old,  new  or  a  serious  com¬ 
plicated  case  considered  beyond  hope,  in  using  “Save- 
the-Horse”  younrenot  frittering  away  time  and  money. 

EXPERT  VETERINARY  ADVICE  ALWAYS  FREE. 

Th©  Citizeni*  Bank  of  Atchison  Co.,  Bock  Port,  Mo.  —  I  hare 
bought  several  bottles  of  **  Save-The-Hors©.**  I  used  part  of 
last  bottle  on  bay  mare,  lame  in  hind  tendon,  with  great  results. 
Have  had  over  35  years*  experience  and  consider  it  the  greatest 
remedy  I  ever  had.  .  W.  W.  Hvdgxns. 

STAYS  SOUND:  THAT'S  THE  BEST  OF  IT. 

Brooklyn,  N.  T  ,  June  21,  1910.  — Just  a  year  afro  to-day  I 
bought  of  my  dealer  a  bottle  of  *‘Save-The-Horse,  '  which  I 
used  with  great  success.  It  cured  my  horse  entirely  of  a  bone 
spavin.  He  was  so  bad  he  could  not  b©  used  without  danger  of 
my  being  arrested.  Now  it  would  take  quite  a  little  money  to 
buy  him.  I  cannot  praise  your  spavin  cure  too  highly. 

Taos.  J.  Beakkt,  4,405  16th  Ave. 

Denver  Colo.,  June  23,  1910. —I  have  cured  one  of  tha 
worse  thoroughpins  on  a  stallion  that  ever  was.  with  your 
remedy,  and  did  not  use  quite  one  bottle.  Hcertainly  does  the 
work.  Since  using  your  medicine  1  am  sure  of  its  merits.— 
Bespectfully,  Gxo.  W.  Williams,  1643  Marion  St. 

$5.00  a  Bottle  With  Signed  GUARANTEE 

A  binding  CONTRACT  to  protect  purchaser  absolutely  in 
treating  and  curing  any  case  of  Bone  and  B»f  Spavin,  Tbsrougb- 
pin.  Ring-tons  (except  low).  Curt,  Splint,  Capped  Heck,  Wmdpuff, 
Sheeted,  Injured  Tendens  and  all  Lameness.  No  scar  or  loss  of 
hair.  Horse  works  as  usual.  Send  for  copy  of  contract,  book¬ 
let  on  all  lameness  and  letten  on  every  kind  of  case. 

At  fill  druggist*  And  dealer*,  or  express  paid. 
Troy  Chemical  Co.  24  Com’l  ave. Binghamton, N.T. 


Sound  Horses 

made  and  kept  sound  the  world 
over  by 

f%U/NN>S 
W  OINTMENT 

Note  the  sign.  Price  91.00  per 

Bottle.  Of  druggists  or  by  mail. 
Testimonials  free  for  the  asking. 

W.  B.  Eddy  &  Co.,  Whitehall,  N.T. 


VETERINARY  INSTRUMENTS 


(Trocars,  Hopples,  Impregnators) 
for  Horses,  Cattle,  Swine,  Poultry, 
Etc.  Received  only  award  World’s 
Fairs  Chicago,  St.  Louis.  Write  for 
Illustrated  Catalogue  HAUSMANN  8 
DUNN  CO..  392  So.  Clark  St.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 


expense  ctiiii  <11 


RIFE  RAM 

Cheapest  and  most  efficient 
water  supply  for  country 
place,  irrigation,  farms,  etc. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Booklet,  plans,  estimates  free. 

Rife  Engine  Co.  2429TrinityBldg.,N.Y. 


m 


MINERAL. 
HEAVE. 
REMEDY 


IEGLECT 
Vill  Ruin 
rour  Horse 

lend  today  lor 
only 

'ER MAN  ENT  YU', 


SAFE 
CERTAIN 

llneral  Heave  Remedy 


$3  PACKAGE 

will  cure  any  case  or 
money  refunded. 

$1  PACKAGE 

cures  ordinary  cases. 

Postpaid  on  receipt  of 
price.  Aoents  Wanted. 

Write  for  descriptive  booklet.  ( _ 

Co.,  461  fourth  Avenue,  Pittsburg,  P© 


C  u  RE 


?E  that 

SPAVIN 


— or  that  Curb,  Splint,  Ringbone 
or  other  lameness  with  Kendall's 
Spavin  Cure.  Mr.  Montgomery 
Sheppard  of  Richfield,  N.  J. 
writes  this  about 

Kendall’s  sSSiLn 

“I  hav©  b«en  ueing your  8pavln  Cure  and 
h©v©  found  It  a  ©ur«  cur©  for  Spavins, 
Splints,  Ringbone,  Lameness,  etc.'* 

Let  us  send  you  other  lett«ri.  Get  * 
bottle  of  Kendall’s  at  once.  You  may 
need  it  any  day.  Atyour  druggists! I 
•  bottle.  6for|6.  Ask  for  “Treatls© 
on  th©  Horse” — Fre©,  or  writ©  to 
Dr.  B.  J.  Kendall  Co., 
Fnosburg  Falls,  Ver¬ 
mont,  L'.S.  A. 


IUMP-JAW 

positively  cured  in  less  than 
three  weeks  with  one 
applicaion  of — 

ADAMS 

Rapid  LUMP-JAW  Cure 

Easy  method,  little  expense,  no  pain  or  I 
scars.  Written  guarantee  with  each  bottle. 
REMOV-AL  L— ”  Bea  ts'  Em  A 11  ”1  or  Sprains, 
Curb,  Bog  Spavin,  all  lameness.  Sold  on 
money-back  guaranty.  Free— Treatise  on  I 
curing  animal  diseases.  Write  for  copy 
today.  H.  C.  ADAMS  MFC.  CO. 

Dept.  50  .  Algona,  loWa. 


LET  US  TAN 
YOUR  HIDE. 

Cattle  or  Horse  hide,  Calf,  Dog,  Deer, 
or  any  kind  of  skin  with  hair  or  fur  on. 

We  make  them  soft,  light,  odorless, 
wind,  moth  and  water  proof,  and  make 
them  into  coats  (for  men  or  women) 
robes,  rugs  or  gloves  when  so  ordered. 

Y our  fur  goods  will  cost  you  lc-vj  than 
to  buy  them,  and  be  worth  more.  Send 
three  or  more  cow  or  horse  hides  in  one 
shipment  from  anywhere  east  of  Den¬ 
ver  and  we  pay  the  freight  both  ways. 

Get  our  illustrated  catalog  which 
gives  prices  of  tanning,  taxidermy  and 
head  mounting.  Also  prices  of  fur 
goods,  and  big  mounted  game  heads 
we  sell. 

The  Crosby  Frisian  Fur  Company, 

571  Lyeli  Ave.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


mi. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


S3 


A  PERCHERON  MARE  AS  AN  INVEST¬ 
MENT. 

IF.  W.j  Broome  Co.,  N.  Y. — I  own  a 
seven-acre  farm  and  cannot  get  cultivating 
or  other  work  done  just  when  I  need  it.  I 
am  going  to  have  a  horse.  If  I  get  a 
Percheron  mare  I  can  raise  a  colt  and  do 
my  own  work  at  the  same  time,  besides  I 
can  get  a  good  price  for  Percheron  colts. 
What  must  I  pay  for  a  good  mare  (Perch¬ 
eron)  ?  What  weight  would  you  recom¬ 
mend?  I  wish  to  raise  good  draft  colts. 
Are  Percheron  mares  gentle?  What  do  you 
think  I  can  get  for  a  good  Percheron  colt 
when  I  get  one?  What  age  should  mare 
be?  Tell  me  all  you  can  about  Percherons. 

I  have  never  bred  the  Percheron 
stock,  for  I  deal  in  carriage  stock,  about 
1,000  pounds,  which  I  find  in  good  de¬ 
mand.  It  seems  to  me  that  W.  W.  has 
put  the  question  of  horse  keeping  on  a 
seven-acre  farm  pretty  strong.  It  means 
buying  almost  all  hay  and  grain,  if  not 
all  of  it,  and  unless  he  could  find  work 
enough  in  the  neighborhood  to  help  pay 
her  keep,  I  think  it  should  be  cheaper  for 
him  to  hire  the  horse.  As  to  raising  a 
colt  from  a  mare  he  is  up  against  a 
fair-sized  expense.  Her  service  fee  will 
be  from  $25  to  $100  (live  foal)  ;  then 
there  will  be  pasture  and  grain  expense 
until  the  colt  is  three  years  old,  when 
there  will  be  another  expense  of  break- 
in"  colt,  unless  he  does  it  himself.  I 
figure  it  costs  me  about  $175  to  educate 
a  colt  ready  for  the  public  or  private 
market.  If  W.  W.  had  more  land  would 
say  buy  a  good  blocky  mare,  not  over 
12  years  old,  weighing  about  1,100 
pounds,  and  cross  her  on  a  Percheron 
stallion  of  good  conformation,  and  if 
colt  did  not  have  good  conformation  try 
another  stallion  and  keep  on  the  same 
way  until  he  struck  a  good  cross,  then 
stick  to  it.  Percheron  colts  three  years 
old  of  good  weight,  1200  to  1400  pounds, 
well  broken  and  sound,  should  bring 
$200  to  $500.  0.  W.  SHELDON. 

Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y. 

I  can  hardly  advise  this  man  to  buy 
a  purebred  Percheron  mare  to  fill  the 
place  he  has  for  a  horse.  A  good  reg¬ 
istered  Percheron  mare  will  cost  from 
$500  to  $1,000,  according  to  size  and 
conformation,  and  to  bring  the  best 
prices,  the  horses  must  be  of  the  heaviest 
class.  Still  if  the  owner  of  the  seven 


weighed  over  1060  pounds.  I  have  raised 
three  colts  from  her,  all  from  pure  draft 
stallions.  These  colts  were  not  unduly 
large  at  birth,  the  mare  always  deliver¬ 
ing  them  without  help.  They  were  all 
straight  and  strong  at  birth,  and  seemed 
to  think  that  they  had  the  job  of  filling 
up  a  vacuum  in  the  world,  and  grew 
accordingly,  attending  strictly  to  busi¬ 
ness,  while  their  foolish  trotting-bred 
neighbors  insisted  on  jumping  into  a 
barbed  wire  fence  or  doing  some  other 
stunt  to  render  themselves  even  more 
worthless  than  they  naturally  are.  The 
oldest  of  these  colts  weighed  1125  pounds 
when  he  came  from  the  pasture  last  Fall 
at  2J,2  years  old.  I  am  now  driving 
him,  and  he  is  very  easily  handled,  but 
has  plenty  of  ambition  and  will  make  an 
ideal  farm  horse.  This  horse  question 
is  one  of  vital  importance  to  New  York 
State  farmers.  We  need  larger  horses 
than  we  now  have  as  a  rule,  but  I  firmly 
believe  that  we  can  rais^  a  class  of 
horses  better  suited  to  our  use  than 
we  can  buy  from  the  West.  There 

is  many  a  dairy  farmer  with  say  100 
acres  of  land,  and  milking  from  12 
to  18  cows.  Now  these  men  could 
raise  a  few  colts  and  cut  down  the 

dairy  a  little — just  sell  a  few  of  the 

poorer  cows — and  they  would  be  sur¬ 

prised  to  find  that  the  profit  from  the 
dairy  was  just  as  large  as  ever  and  the 
work  a  good  deal  less.  At  three  years 
old  these  half  blood  colts  are  worth 
around  $200,  and  the  money  comes  all 
in  a  bunch,  and  the  farmer  does  not 
realize  that  it  has  taken  much  effort  to 
get  it.  Not  every  neighborhood  has  a 
good  purebred  draft  stallion,  and  in  an¬ 
other  letter  I  will  tell  about  certain 
methods  of  getting  them. 

J.  GRANT  MORSE. 

Madison  Co.,  N.  Y. 


Pig  with  Fits. 

I  have  a  pig  three  months  old.  Sevnal 
days  ago  when  I  was  feeding  it,  it  fell  over 
and  began  to  kick  and  squeal,  and  it 
breathes  very  hard  and  quick,  and  is  weak 
for  awhile  after  it  gets  over  the  spAll  at 
feeding  time;  then  it  acts  very  greedy.  1 
feed  it  plenty  of  good  food,  with  charcoal, 
salt  and  sulphur  before  it.  Can  you  tell 
me  what  to  do  for  it,  and  what  these  spells 
are?  G.  w. 

Pennsylvania. 

Indigestion  causes  the  fits  or  convulsions. 
Worms  are  often  the  cause  of  the  indiges¬ 
tion.  Make  the  pig  take  an  abundance  of 
outdoor  exercise  every  day.  Feed  milk  and 
limewater  as  a  sole  ration  until  fits  cease. 
A  physic  may  be  given  to  start  treatment, 
and  if  worms  pass,  treat  for  them  by  giving 
turpentine  in  thin  slop  of  milk  at  rate  of 
one  teaspoonful  once  daily  for  each  80 
pounds  live  weight.  Continue  for  three 
days  and  repeat  the  following  week. 

A.  S.  A. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 


acres  thinks  that  he  wants  a  1600-pound 
mare  to  do  his  work  and  reading  he  can 
probably  get  one  for,  say  $600.  Then 
if  there  is  a  registered  stallion  of  the 
right  kind  handy  he  can  get  her  bred  for 
about  $20,  and  the  colt  at  six  months 
old  ought  to  be  worth  something  like 
$150.  I  should  consider  it  impracticable 
to  think  of  raising  the  colts  up  to  a 
useful  age  on  a  seven-acre  place,  for  by 
the  time  the  owner  had  a  colt  three 
years  old  he  would  find  that  he  had  four 
or  five  horse  kind  on  hand  and  they 
would  eat  all  he  could  raise  on  his 
farm.  If  I  were  in  this  man’s  place  I 
would  buy  a  good  New  York  State  bred 
mare  of  about  1100  or  1200  pounds 
weight.  The  age  and  price  would  be 
such  as  I  could  afford.  I  should  require 
that  she  should  be  serviceably  sound, 
have  good  feet  and  legs  and  of  rather 
blocky  build.  She  certainly  should  not 
be  of  the  “cherry  picker”  type.  Then  I 
would  breed  this  mare  to  a  purebred 
draft  stallion,  which  would  not  of  ne¬ 
cessity  be  a  Percheron.  The  Belgian 
horse  is  quite  as  good  and  some  claim 
that  they  are  superior  to  the  Percherons. 
The  colts  from  such  an  union  will  be 
of  good  size,  say  from  1200  to  1400 
pounds  at  maturity.  They  make  ideal 
farm  horses,  and  finer  individuals  make 
just  such  ones  as  the  government  wants 
for  artillery  horses,  etc.,  and  the  cities 
want  for  express  and  delivery  horses. 
One  can  get  a  good  mare  such  as  I 
have  described  for  around  $200,  and  her 
colts  will  bring  about  $75  at  six  months’ 
old.  The  lighter  mare  would  be  worth 
twice  as  much  to  use  as  the  heavy  draft 
mare  for  the  man  with  only  one  horse 
on  a  seven-acre  farm.  The  money  in¬ 
vestment  would  be  within  the  reach  of 
an  ordinary  small  farmer,  while  not 
every  one  of  this  class  has  $600  to  pay 
for  a  horse.  It  is  true  that  the  heavy 
colt  would  be  worth  $150,  but  it  might 
be  hard  to  find  a  customer  for  him.  On 
the  other  hand  it  would  be  much  easier 
to  find  some  one  willing  to  pay  $75  for 
the  half-blood  colt. 

I  suppose  that  the  above  advice  will 
be  adversely  criticized  by  both  the  breed¬ 
ers  of  purebred  drafters  and  the  “trot¬ 
ting  hoss”  fraternity;  but  I  know  what 
I  am  talking  about  in  this  matter.  At 
present  I  have  a  little  mare  that  never 


R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  got  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


Jumbo  Combination 
Wire  Stretcher  and  Hoist 


Two  Perfect  Tool*  in  One 

Handiest  device  on  the  farm.  You’ll 
need  it  every  day.  Best  wire  stretcher 
ever  made.  Light  and  easy  to  handle. 

For  hoisting  boxes,  barrels,  machinery, 
baled  hay,  lifting  wagon  box  on  or  off  gear, 
for  butchering,  etc.,  it’s  the  very  tool  every 
farmer  needs. 

The  Heavier  the  Load, 
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Our  best  efforts  are  centered  in  the  production  of  Day-Oid-C'hieks  and  Hatching 
Eggs  from  matured  stock.  No  pullets’  eggs  are  used  except  tor  table 
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We  have  just  completed  our  1911  catalog  on  incubators  and  hovers, 
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Uncle  Sam  never  says  how  a  thing  ought  to  be  made  until  he 
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Highest  Grade— Sanitary 

Not  a  particle  of  wood  about  them. 
~uick  to  open  —  Quick  to  close  — 
uick  to  please — Quick  shipments. 
Ask  for  1910  Catalogue. 

BOWEN  &  •WJICK,  Mfrt.  Auburn.  N.  Y. 


Martin  Fertilizers 

again,  in  1910,  far  exceed  expectations  In  sales  and 
crop  results.  Farmers  for  20  or  more  years  using 
fertilizers  say  they  never  had  as  good  crops  as  with 
Martin’s;  oats  over  60  bu.,  wheat  over  30  bu.  per 
acre  with  but  150  pounds.  Agents  are  selling  more 
MARTIN  PURE  ANIMAL  BONE  FERTILIZERS  easier  and  In 
less  time  than  any  they  ever  sold.  Haw  materials 
used  are  of  the  best  and  chiefly  from  our  own"  large 
abattoirs  and  stockyards.  We  want  active,  re¬ 
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The  1911  catalog  by  Robert  H.  Essex, 
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latest  model 
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SF.  W.  MANN  CO.,  Box  IB,  MILFORD,  MASS.  m 


84 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


January  21, 


The  Henyard. 


ARRANGEMENT  OF  HENHOUSES. 

What  plan  of  building  is  advised  where 
land  slopes  downward  rather  steeply  west 
and  is  exposed  to  the  north?  I  shall  be 
obliged  to  fill  in  considerably  to  get  a 
level  to  have  runs  on  south  and  face 
chicken  house  south.  Can  I  face  house  to 
east  and  have  runs  east  (up  hill)  and  get 
satisfactory  results,  or  how  could  I  best 
arrange  under  the  circumstances,  exposure 
considered?  I  prefer  an  open  front  house 
with  scratching  shed  for  Winter. 

Connecticut.  G.  E.  c. 

I  would  suggest  that  you  face  the  houses 
as  you  desire,  toward  the  east,  bringing 
them  around  to  the  southeast  as  much  as  is 
consistent  with  the  nature  of  the  land.  You 
could  then  use  a  single  pen  colony  house 
for  the  fowls,  using  cloth  curtains  on  the 
front  or  east  side  and  tight  glass  windows 
on  the  south  side.  I  would  consider  it 
rather  impossible  to  utilize  such  a  slope  of 
ground  for  the  construction  of  a  house  con¬ 
taining  a  series  of  pens.  0.  a.  kooers. 


BUCKWHEAT  FOR  POULTRY. 

On  page  47  a  reader  in  Delaware  asks 
what  he  can  best  do  with  a  supply  of 
buckwheat.  This  grain  is  a  good  food  for 
poultry,  and  the  middlings  one  of  the  best 
milk-producing  foods  known.  The  price 
of  other  grains  as  given  are  higher  than 
in  other  markets,  although  he  does  not 
give  the  price  of  the  buckwheat.  I  pre¬ 
sume  he  means  buckwheat  middlings,  as 
the  shucks — “bran" — are  not  fit  to  feed  and 
of  no  value  as  a  food.  Buckwheat  here  is 
worth  a  little  over  a  cent  per  pound,  and 
all  of  his  prices  for  other  grain  are  con¬ 
siderably  above  that.  From  my  limited 
experience  among  the  farmers  of  his  State, 
1  am  inclined  to  think  that  too  much  corn 
is  fed  to  poultry.  The  climate  is  much 
warmer  than  in  New'  York,  and  a  “cooler" 
food  is  required.  Also  a  less  fat  condi¬ 
tion  of  the.  hens  to  make  the  conditions 
less  favorable  for  cholera  germs  to  get 
hold.  Considering  the  commercial  value 
he  cannot  afford  to  sell  the  buckwheat  and 
buy  other  grains,  for  they  would  cost  so 
much,  that  he  would  be  the  loser,  and 
would  have  the  extra  labor  of  transporta¬ 
tion  both  ways.  Considering  the  food 
value,  he  will  get  as  much  for  his  money 
to  feed  it  unground  as  ground,  and  more 
than  he  would  if  he  exchanged  it.  Con¬ 
sidering  the  effect  of  this  grain,  he  will 
have  a  healthier  flock  of  fowls  by  feed¬ 
ing  it,  and  I  think  will  soon  see  a  de¬ 
cided  increase  in  egg  production.  Being 
black,  it  is  not  so  readily  seen  in  the 
litter,  and  will  last  longer  as  an  “exer¬ 
cise  promoter.”  It  will  be  found  in  time, 
no  need  to  worry  about  its  being  wasted. 

Of  course,  everyone  knows  that  the  part 
which  will  bring  the  most  per  pound — the 
center  of  the  kernel,  the  flour — is  worth 
the  least  for  feeding,  and  he  can  have  some 
of  it  floured  and  sell  it,  reserving  the 
shorts  for  his  cows,  feeding  them  during 
the  milking  period.  I  would  keep  enough 
of  it  for  fowls,  so  that  1  could  feed  at 
least  one-quarter  of  the  whole  grain  ration 
of  it.  I  would  mix  oats,  buckwheat  and 
corn  for  their  ground  grain,  equal  parts 
and  add  bran.  I  would  flour  and  sell 
some  at  retail  among  my  friends,  putting 
it  in  10  and  25-pound  sacks,  and  feed 
the  middlings  or  shorts,  but  would  not 
let  the  miller  run  in  the  shucks.  They 
will  not  injure  the  stock,  if  he  is  not  fixed 
for  keeping  them  out,  but  they  are  worth 
much  more  fob  the  floor  litter.  I  like 
them  the  best  for  this  purpose  of  any  ma¬ 
terial  I  ever  used ;  they  are  so  dry  that 
they  will  absorb  a  good  deal  of  moisture 
before  becoming  damp.  They  are  so  light 
and  fluffy  the  grain  will  sink  out  of  sight 
at  once,  causing  the  hen  a  lot  of  work 
to  find  it  without  tiring  her  to  move  it 
around.  T  regard  1  uekwheat  as  one  of  the 
best,  as  well  as  the  cheapest  food,  for 
fowls  known.  c.  e.  c. 


Poultry  is  bought  by  dealers  and  shipped 
mostly  to  New  York  City.  We  are  getting 
nine  cents  for  chickens,  nine  cents  for 
ducks,  and  16  cents  for  turkeys,  live  weight. 

Leipsic,  Ohio.  '  J.  w.  p. 

The  Cuero  (Texas)  Star  says  that 
Rudolph  and  Edwin  Egg,  of  Meyesville, 
assisted  by  five  hands,  drove  966  fine  fat 
turkeys  into  town  about  noon  to-day.  The 
distance  of  13  miles  between  the  starting 
point  and  destination  was  covered  in  a 
day  and  a  half,  keeping  the  caravan  out 
only  one  night. , 

The  Atchison  (Kansas)  Globe  says: 
Henry  A.  Roeske,  a  florist  of  Winsted, 
Conn.,  has  solved  one  problem  to  his  own 
satisfaction;  he  has  taught  his  eiistwhile 
erring  hens  to  lay  during  cold  weather 
when  the  demand  for  eggs  is  greater  than 
the  supply.  This  result  is  accomplished 
by  putting  the  chickens  in  a  screened  part 
of  his  greenhouse.  lie  contends  that  the 
sight  of  flowers,  ferns  and  such  fools  the 
hens  into  the  notion  that  it  is  Summer 
time,  and  that  they  should  lay.  Moral : 
A  bouquet  will  often  do  the  work  where  a 
brickbat  falls. 

The  outlook  for  the  coming  season  both 
in  fowls  and  eggs  for  hatching  was  never 
better,  the  demand  for  high  class  stock  is 
greater  than  the  supply  and  prices  are  each 
year  going  higher  for  purebred  fowls  and 
eggs :  $25  to  $75  are  ordinary  prices  for 
breedings  birds,  and  thousands  are  sold  at 
these  prices  each  year,  while  scores  are 
sold  at  from  $200  to  $1,000  for  the  bpst 
specimens  of  the  most  popular  breeds.  The 
best  eggs  for  hatching  bring  75  cents  to  $2 
each.  Such  prices  were  unheard  of  a  few 
years  back,  and  I  have  bred  fancy  poultry 
for  more  than  20  years.  Anyone  who  will 
carry  good  stock  and  raise  good  chicks  can 
sell  them  all,  with  a  little  advertising,  at 
prices  that  will  leave  a  handsome  profit. 
The  barnyard  fowl  seems  doomed,  and  the 
farmer,  commuter  and  everyone  who  has  a 
few  spare  feet  are  going  in  for  purebred 
poultry.  Baby  chicks  are  not  a  paying 
proposition,  as  there  is  too  great  risk  in 
poor  hatches  which  brings  the  cost  up.  I 
will  not  try  to  sell  them,  as  I  prefer  to 
hatch  all  I  can  and  raise  to  sell  at  high 
prices.  Lots  of  breeders  are  now  refusing 
to  sell  eggs  for  hatching,  preferring  to  set 
all  their  eggs  and  sell  the  matured  fowls 
at  a  profit  the  eggs  would  not  bring.  This 
plan  is  better  business  for  the  breeder,  as 
some  of  the  eggs  sold  might  hatch  better 
specimens  than  he  hatched  and  raised  him¬ 


self.  I  consider  baby  chicks  the  least 
profitable,  and  the  most  troublesome  part 
of  the  business.  F.  m.  frescott. 

New  Jersey. 

Lumps  ox  Hens’  Toes. — I  was  amused 
to  read  about  the  lumps  on  the  toes  of 
H.  J.  F.’s  Leghorns  on  page  1171.  If 
II.  J.  F.  would  have  taken  time  to  inspect 
the  toes  I  am  sure  he  would  have  found 
that  it  was  only  dirt.  I  have  a  friend 
who  had  the  same  thing  some  years  ago ; 
he  called  my  attention  to  it,  and  on  exami¬ 
nation  we  found  it  was  only  mud  dried 
on  their  toes.  The  way  they  received  the 
lumps  was  from  going  from  dry  brooder 
to  a  wet  spot  in  one  corner  of  the  room, 
running  back  and  forth  and  accumulating 
dirt  and  dust  on  their  wet  toes.  Let  H. 
J.  F.  take  a  pair  of  pliers  or  a  hammer 
and  crack  the  lumps  and  break  them  off 
as  gently  as  he  can.  a.  b. 

College  Point,  N.  Y. 

Doubling  Up. — On  a  recent  visit  to  Cor¬ 
nell  Prof.  Rice  pointed  to  an  engineer’s  plan 
for  utilizing  the  colony  brooder  houses  in 
Winter.  These  colony  houses  are  the  three- 
cornered  structures  shown  in  “The  Busi¬ 
ness  Hen.”  They  are  on  runners,  and  In 
Summer  are  hauled  out  on  the  farm  to 
provide  shelter  for  the  little  chicks.  In 
Fall  they  are  hauled  back  to  the  college 
and  used  for  pullets.  For  some  years  they 
were  used  singly,  but  it  finally  occurred 
to  Prof.  Itice  that  they  could  be  doubled 
up  by  connecting  two  with  a  large  pipe — 
like  a  stove  pipe.  So  now  they  are  put 
side  by  side  with  the  pipe  connection. 
The  pullets  pass  from  one  to  the  other, 
thus  having  scratching  shed  and  feeding 
room  and  a  sleeping  room  and  place  for 
laying. 

“Utility.” — Sufficient  stress  cannot  seem 
to  be  laid  on  the  importance  of  forming 
“utility”  clubs  throughout  the  States. 
While  I  do  not  wish  to  be  understood  as 
believing  that  there  is  nothing  being  done 
towards  the  uplift  of  the  utility  hen,  I  yet 
must  confess  that  which  has  been  done 
is  known  only  to  a  few.  Many  times  the 
question  comes  up  which  is  the  best  laying 
hen  or  the  best  table  bird.  The  question 
is  answered  as  follows :  The  Plymouth 
Rock  breeder  says,  “Why,  the  Rocks.”  The 
White  Leghorn  breeder  replies,  “My  birds 
are  the  best.”  The  Cochin  breeder  claims 
his  to  be  the  best,  and  so  on  down  the  line. 
The  chances  are  not  very  good  for  picking 
out  a  utility  strain  under  these  conditions. 
If  a  straight-bred  flock  is  useless  for  utll- 
ity,  then  let  us  have  a  crossbreed.  Here 
is*  where  the  utility  club  comes  in.  The 
most  important  thing  needed  is  a  “Standard 
of  Utility,”  such  as  is  used  for  fancy  fowls. 
With  such  a  standard  we  would  soon  find 
out  who’s  who.  Of  the  standard  I  shall 
write  next  time.  There  are  many  things 
to  be  put  into  the  standard  to  make  it  as  it 
should  be  in  order  to  do  the  most  good. 

F.  ANTHONY  KUHN. 


While  there  is  lots  of  rape  raised  in  this 
section  it  is  mostly  fed  to  sheep  and  hogs. 
One  man  told  me  that  he  fed  lots  of  it  to 
cows,  but  not  enough  to  determine  the 
questions  asked.  All  were  agreed,  how¬ 
ever,  that  caution  should  be  used  in  turn¬ 
ing  cows  or  sheep  on  to  a  field  of  rape  on 
account  of  bloat.  As  such  large  stock  as 
cows  would  trample  down  and  soil  as  much 
as  they  would  eat  it  would  seem  the  better 
way  to  cut  and  feed,  cutting  high  enough 
so  as  to  allow  the  sprouts  to  start  again 
from  the  bottom.  In  this  way  it  could 
be  fed  after  milking,  which  would  over¬ 
come  the  danger  of  tainted  milk.  Rape 
has  2.16  per  cent  of  digestible  protein, 
nearly  double  that  of  green  corn  fodder 
and  nearly  nine  per  cent  carbohydrates,  or 
about  three  per  cent  less  than  corn,  and 
while  it  contains  less  dry  matter  it  should 
compare  favorably  with  corn  as  a  soiling 
crop.  Some  very  large  yields  have  been 
reported,  as  high  as  27  tons  to  the  acre 
at  one  cutting.  As  rape  will  make  a  good 
second  grorwth,  if  cut  early,  it  seems  as 
though  there  was  no  limit  to  the  yields. 

Livington  Co.,  N.  Y.  c.  s.  hunt. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


Read  This  Letter. 

YV  v  a  net,  III. 

I  bought  of  your  agents,  Edminster  &  Nelson, 
Wyanet,  Ill.,  one  of  your  GKAKLESS  HAY  LOAD¬ 
ERS  this  spring.  I  want  to  say  that  1  put  up  fifty 
acres  of  heavy  hay  with  it,  and  did  not  have  one 
minute’s  trouble;  it  did  the  work  line,  taking  up 
l  all  the  hay  clean  with  less  draft  than  1  thought 
|  possible  for  a  machine  doing  the  work  in  the  heavy 
hay  it  had  to  handle.  No  more  chains  or  cog 
wheels  on  a  loader  for  me.  I  want  to  say  that  it  is 
the  finest  working  tool  I  ever  saw.  All  of  my 
neighbors  that  saw  it  work  were  more  than  pleased 
with  it.  C.  A.  JOHNSON. 

This  is  only  one  of  the  hundreds  of 
enthusiastic  letters  that  have  come  to 
us  from  farmers  who  are  using  '‘GEAR- 
LESS”  HAY  LOADERS. 

The  “GEARLESS”  is  wholly  differ¬ 
ent  in  construction  from  any  other 
loader.  It  has  a  lighter  draft,  loads  a 
higher  load,  operates  by  one  man,  and 
is  so  simple  mechanically  that  it  will 
outwear  two  or  more  of  the  compli¬ 
cated  “geared”  loaders. 

Our  Free  Booklet  will  interest  you.  Write  for  it. 

LA  CROSSE  HAY  TOOL  CO. 

THIRTY-FIFTH  STREET,  CHICAGO  HEIGHTS,  ILL  . 


AND  UPWARD 

SENT  ON  TRIAL. 
FULLY 

GUARANTEED. 


=AMERICAN — 

SEPARATOR 

A  brand  new,  well  made,  easy  running,  easily 
cleaned,  perfect  skimming  separator  for  $15.95. 

Skims  wavn  or  cold  milk.  Makes  thick  or  thin 
cream.  Thousands  in  use  giving  splendid  satis¬ 
faction.  Different  from  this  picture  which  illus¬ 
trates  our  large  capacity  machines.  The  bowl 
is  a  sanitary  marvel  and  embodies  all  our  latest 
improvements.  Our  richly  illustrated  catalog 
tells  all  about  it.  Our  wonderfully  low  prices  on 
all  sizes  and  generous  terms  of  trial  will  astonish 
you.  We  sell  direct  to  user.  No  agents.  Our 
guarantee  protects  you  on  every  American  Sepa¬ 
rator.  Western  orders  filled  from  Western  points. 
Whether  your  dairy  is  large  or  small,  get  our  great 
offer  and  handsome  free  catalog.  ADDRESS, 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO., 


BOX  1075 
BAINBRIDGE,  N.  Y. 


uifunv  Dairymen,  Take  a  Look  at  the 
STRITE  GOVERNOR  PULLEY 

It’s  the  original  and  “only 
thing  for  driving  cream  sep¬ 
arators  with  gasoline  en¬ 
gines.  Once  tried,  always 
used.  TRY  ONE.  Ask  your 
rl  dealei*  for  a  “STR1TK”  or 
write  us  direct.  Don’t  take 
an  imitation. 

Strife  Governor  Pulley  Co. 
r.t  '<>»;*  357  South  Third  Street 

StH  (ATOfJ  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


JACOBSON 

SELF-CONTAINED  ENGINE  WITH  AUTOMATIC  DRAINING 
WATER  TANK. 

No  Freezing  No  Overheating 

No  J.nrgc  Water  Tank 

The  Agency  is  available  in  some  sections  and 
valuable  in  all. 

JACOBSON  MACHINE  MFG.  CO. 


ltl  Irvine  Street 

L- 


Warren.Pa. 


J 


Standard  Among  Drilling  Machine* 

The  oldest  established  manufacturers,  the  largest 
line  of  drilling  machines  and  tools,  and  41  years 
of  successful  operation  in  nearly  every  country 
fn  the  world,  make 

American  Drilling  Machines 

Standard  the  world  over. 

For  every  possible  condition  of  earth 
and'rock  drilling  and  mineral  pros¬ 
pecting  we  make  a  drill  espe¬ 
cially'  designed  for  the  re¬ 
quirement. 

Catalog  No,  105,  the  most 
complete  “drill  hole”  catalog 
ever  issued.  Free. 

The  American  Well  Works 

General  Office  and  Works, 

Aurora,  Ill. 

Chicago  Office:  First  Na¬ 
tional  Rank  Bldg. 


T’HIS  sawing  rig  fills  a  long  felt 
want  for  sawing  large  timber. 

It  is  simple,  durable  and  the  most 
practical  straight-line  sawing  rig  on  the  market. 
We  also  make  circular  saw  rigs,  saw  and  shingle  mills. 
Get  our  prices  on  canvas  helling,  they  will  surprise  you. 

f  Yrite  for  full  information  and  prices. 
IRELAND  MACHINE  &  FOUNDRY  COMPANY, 
14  State  Street,  NORWICH,  NEW  YORK. 


The  Ireland 


Straight-Line  Drag 
Sawing  Machine 


Price  $  1 0  and  Up 

Earn  $10  a  day  and  more,  easily, 
sawing  firewood,  lumber,  lath,  posts, 
etc.,  for  yourself  and  neighbors  with  a 

HertzBer  &  Zook 
Portable  Wood  Saw 

Fully  Guaranteed  for  One  Year 

The  Hertzler  &  Zook  is  the  cheapest  and  best 
saw  you  can  buy.  Direct  factory  prices— finest 
tested  materials.  Easier  than 
other  saws  to  operate  because 
the  stick  sits  low  and  the 
saw  draws  it  on  as  soon 
as  you  start  work.  It  Is 
tie  only  saw  made,  sell- 
ingat$10,  to  which  a  ripp’ng 
table  can  be  added.  Wri'.e  for 
circular  and  save  money. 
Hertzler  &  Zook  Co..  Box  3 

lleileviilo,  l'a. 


Farmers’  Handy  Wagon 
at  a  Low  Price 

Absolutely  the  best  wagon  built  for  every  kind 
of  heavy  teaming.  Low  steel  wheels,  wide  tires. 
Will  last  a  lifetime  without  repairs. 

STEEL  WHEELS 

for  farm  wagons 
—any  size  to  fit 
any  axle.  Send 
for  our  free 
booklet  before 
you  buy  a  wagon 
or  a  set  of  wheels. 

EMPIREMFG.COm  Box  96-W  Quincy,  III. 


GRINDING 

MILLS 


K#  DUPLEX 

Thousands  in  use.  Grind  ear  com, 
shelled  corn,  oats,  wheat,  barley,  rye, 
kaffir  corn,  cotton  seed,  corn  in  shucks, 
sheaf  oats  or  any  kind  of  grain.  The 
bagger  has  a  double  spout  and  can  bo 


THE 
DUPLEX 

te  the  only 
mill  made 
with  a  double 
set  of  burrs. 
Easiest  running. 
Requires  25*  less 
power  and  does  twice 
as  much  work  as  any 
other  mill  of  equal  size. 
Especially  adapted  for  gaso¬ 
line  engines.  We  make  7 
sizes.  Free  catalog. 
DUPLEX  MILL  &  MFG.  CO.,  Box229 Springfield,  Ohio 


Try  The 

Bull  Dog  Feed  Grinder 

tO  Day’s  Free 

You  can  grind  5000  bu.  of  cob  and  corn  to 
tabic  meal  with  one  set  of  Rollers  and  Con¬ 
caves.  Damp  grain  can’t  clog  it — nails 
won’t  break  it.  Has  only  2  inch  working 
leverage  which  accounts  for  light  running 
Get  our  FREE  Catalogue  and  Samples 

CROWN  POINT  MFG.  CO., 

204  E.  Road.  Crown  Point.  Ind 


Make  Your  Own  Fertilizer 


at  Small  Cost  with 

WILSON’S  PHOSPHATE  MILLS 

From  1  to  40  H.  P.  Also  Bone 
Cutters,  hand  and  power 
for  the  poultrymen;  grit 
and  shell  mills,  farm  reed 
mills,  family  grist  mills, 
scrap  cake  mills.  Send  for 
our  catalog. 

Wilson  Bros.,  Sole  Mfrs.,  Easton,  Pa. 


COOK  YOUR  FEED  and  SAVE 
Half  the  Cost— with  the 

PROFIT  FARM  BOILER 


With  Dumping  Caldron.  Empties 
its  kettloin  one  minute.  The  simplest 
and  best  arrangement  for  cooking 
food  for  stock.  Also  make  Dairy  and 
Laundry  Stoves,  Water  and 
Steam  Jacket  Kettles,  Hog 
Scalders,  Caldrons.etc.  J3?“Send 
for  particulars  and  ask  for  cinulan  J 
D.  It.  SPEKBY  &  00.,  Bat  .via.  Ill 


lATIi'T  ¥  drilling 
vi  L/Lt  Li  machines 

Over  70  sizes  and  styles,  for  drilling  either  deep  or 
shallow  wells  in  any  kind  of  soil  or  rock.  Mounted  on 
wheels  oron  sills.  With enginesor horse  powers.  Strong 
simple  and  durable.  Any  mechanic  can  operate  them 
easily.  Send  for  catalog. 

WILLIAMS  BROS.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


Is  its  Capacity— Earning  Power.  > 

SPENCER  HAY  PRESS  Catalogues  make  great  ; 
and  definite  claims  proven  by  the  press  in  action  f 
or  no  sale.  Natureof  contract  protects  you.  Covers 
every  claim  by  actual  figures.  More  tons  per  hour  ; 

Write 
Right 
WOW 


1911. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


86 


MARKETS 


BUTTER 

Market  in  very  bad  shape,  with  demand 
light  and  large  accumlations  of  stock  on 
hand. 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 27  .0 

Good  to  Choice . 25  @ 

Lower  Grades . 21 

Storage . 19  @ 


.36 

.34 

.32 

.25 

.36 

.30 


@  2.35 
@  2.20 
®  2.25 
@  2.15 
®  3.40 
®  3.10 


@ 

@ 

@ 


.26 

.23 

.22 

.45 


■28* 
.26 
@  .24 
.27 

State  Dairy,  best . 26  @  .27 

Common  to  Good. . . 19  @  .24 

Factory . 20  @  .22 

Packing  Stock . 17  @  .20 

CHEESE 

Offerings  of  medium  grades  are  large. 
Trade  in  best  full  cream  is  light. 

Full  Cream,  best . 15  @  .17 

Common  to  Good . 12  @  .13 

Skims . 05  @  .12 

EGGS 

Receipts  heavy  and  prices  five  cents 
lower  on  most  grades. 

White,  good  to  choice . 34 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 33 

Common  to  Good . 25 

Storage . 18 

Western,  best.., . 34 

Under  grades .  217 

BEANS 

Trade  in  choice  Marrow  has  improved. 
Medium  and  pea  dull. 

Marrow,  bu .  2.30 

Medium . 2.16 

Pea .  2.10 

Yellow  Eye .  2.10 

Bed  Kidney .  3.20 

WhiteKidney.... .  3.05 

HOPS 

A  strong  demand  in  all  producing  sec¬ 
tions,  but  most  of  the  stock  is  now  out  of 
growers’  hands. 

Prime  to  Choice . 24 

Common  to  Good . 20 

Pacific  Coast . 18 

German  Crop,  1910 . 43 

CIDER  VINEGAR 

New  York  prices  for  single  barrel  lots. 

Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 22  ®  .24 

Standard  Grade . 13  @  ,]5 

DRIED  FRUITS 

Trade  in  evaporated  fruit  dull.  Quota¬ 
tions  given  represent  asking  price  rather 
than  actual  sales. 

Apples,  evap.  fancy . 12  @  13 

Evap.,  com.  to  good . 06  @  .11 

Sun  Dried . 05  @  .07  ] 

Chops . 04*®  ,049a  i 

Cores  and  Skins . 04  ®  .04* 

Raspberries . 28  @  .30 

Cherries . 15  ®  .18 

FRESH  FRUITS 

Top  grades  of  apples  are  higher.  Trade 
in  Western  box  stock  improved. 

Apples,  Ben  Davis,  bbl . 2.00  @4.00 

King .  3.00  @  5.00 

Greening .  .  3.00  @  5.50 

York  Imperial .  3.50  ®  6.00 

Baldwin . 3.00  @  4.76 

Western — 

Newtown,  box .  1.75  2.50 

Spitz,  box .  2.00  ffi  2.50 

Rome,  box .  1x0  ®  2  25 

Wiuesap,  box . 1.75  @  2.50 

Gano.  box  .  1.45  ®  1.76 

Baldwin,  box . 1.50  @  2.00 

Cranberries— 

Cape  Cod.  bbl . 8.00  @10.00 

Long  Island,  bbl . 8.50  @  *1.00 

Jersey,  bbl . 7.00  @  8.00 

Pears.  Kieffer,  bbl .  1.50  @  3.50 

Strawberries,  Fla.,  qt . 50  @  .75 

HONEY 

Market  very  dull  except  on  clover  comb. 

White  Clover,  lb . .12  ®  .16 

Buckwheat,  lb . 09  @  .10 

Extracted,  lb . 07  ®  .09 

VEGETABLES 

Potato  market  improved,  sweets  dull  and 
lower.  Lettuce  poor  and  selling  slowly. 
Cabbage  lower. 

Potatoes— N.  Y.  State,  180  lbs .  1.37  @  1.62 

Long  Island,  180  lbs .  1.50  @  2.00 

Bermuda,  bbl .  4.00  ®  5.60 

Maine .  1.40  @  1.76 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bbl .  1.00  @  2.75 

Brussels  Sprouts,  qt . 07  ®  .14 

Beets,  new,  100  bunches . 2.00  @  3  50 

Carrots,  bbl .  1.00  ®  1.50 

Southern,  bbl .  1.50  ®  2.50 

Cabbage— Danish  seed,  ton . 8.00  @12.00 

Domestic .  6.00  @  9  00 

Red . 30.00  @35.00 

Celery,  doz . 15  @  .55 

Chicory,  bbl .  3.25  @  4.00 

Escarol,  bbl .  3.00  @  4.00 

Endive.  French,  lb . 12  @  .13 

Kale,  bbl . 100  @  1.12 

Kohlrabi,  Southern,  bbl .  3.00  @  4.00 

Lettuce.  *-bbl.  bkt . 2.25  @  3  00 

N.  O.,  bbl .  3.00  @  3.50 

Peppers,  Southern,  bu . 3.00  @  5.00 

Onions,  Orange  Co.,  bag .  1.50  @  2.25 

Conn.  White, bbl .  2.50  @  4.00 

White  pickle,  bu . 75  @1.00 

Peas.  Fla.,  bu .  3.00  @  5.00 

Romalne.  Southern,  bbl .  3.00  @  4.00 

8tring  Beans,  bu . 3.00  @  4.50 

Bpinaeh,  bbl .  1 ,50  @  3.00 

Squash,  bbl .  1.75  @  2.25 

Tumms,  Rutabaga,  bbl . 75  @1.10 

White,  bbl .  1.00  @  1.75 

Leeks,  Southern,  100  bunches .  2.00  @  3.00 

Egg  Plants,  Fla.,  box .  4.00  ®  8.00 

Parsnips,  bbl .  1.75  @  2.25 

Parsley  bbl .  2.00  @  6.00 


HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 

Trade  in  mushrooms  and  tomatoes  fair. 
Cucumbers  higher. 

Cucumbers,  best,  doz .  1.50  @  1.75 

Mushrooms,  lb . 15  @  .30 

Radishes,  100  bunches .  2.00  @  3io0 

Tomatoes,  lb . 15  @  .30 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Demand  in  excess  of  receipts,  and  mar¬ 
ket,  especially  on  fowls  very  firm. 


Turkeys . .  ©  j8 

DRESSED  POULTRY 
Market  in  good  condition  on 
of  medium  and  top  grades. 

Turkeys,  Fancy . 

Common  to  Good . 

Chickens,  roasting . ” 

Common  to  Good . . 

Fancy  broilers,  lb . 

Fowls . 

Capons,  best,  lb ....... 

Medium  grades . 

Small  and  Slips . 

Ducks,  Spring . 

Geese,  spring . 

Squabs,  doz . .1"".". 

Guineas,  spring,  pair . 


.15 

@ 

.16 

.16 

® 

.18 

.10 

@ 

.12 

.15 

9 

.16 

.13 

@ 

.14 

.15 

® 

.18 

all 

poultry 

.24 

@ 

.25 

.18 

@ 

.22 

.18 

($ 

.19 

@ 

.16 

.25 

@ 

.28 

12 

@ 

.16 

.24 

48 

.25 

.22 

@ 

.23 

.16 

@ 

.20 

.15 

@ 

.20 

.12 

@ 

.15 

2.00 

@ 

4.50 

@ 

1.00 

GAME 

Weather  bad  for  this  line  of  stock.  Bab¬ 
bits  plenty  and  lower. 

Ducks,  Canvas,  pair . 2.26  @  3.00 

Mallard,  pair .  1.00  @  1.26 

Red  Head .  1.50  @  2 A0 

Rabbits,  pair . 25  @  .30 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 
Calves  and  hothouse  lambs  scarce.  Pork 
lower. 

Calves,  good  to  prime . 14  @  .15 

Common . 09  @  .12 

Lambs,  hothouse,  head .  6.00  @11.00 

Pork,  light . 11*@  .12 

Medium  to  heavy .  ,  . . 09  @  .10 

Roasting  Pigs,  lb . 14  @  .17 

HAY  AND  8T11AW 

Market  firm  on  best  Timothy  and  clover. 
Other  grades  dull.  Straw  trade  slow. 

Bay.  No.  1,  ton . 21.00  @  22.00 

No.  2 . 19.00  @  20.00 

No.  3 . 16.00  @  18.00 

Clover  Mixed . 14.00  @  20  00 

Clover . : . 12.00  @  17.00 

Wild  Hay . 9.00  @  10.00 

Straw,  Rye . 10.00  @  11.00 

Oat  and  Wheat .  8.00  @  9.00 

MILL  FEED 

Spring  Bran, ton .  24.50  @  25.00 

Standard  Middlings .  26.75  @  28.00 

Red  Dog .  28.00  ®  28.50 

Hominy  Chop .  23.00  @  24.20 

Linseed  Meal . .  35.00  @  36.00 

Corn  Meal .  24.00  @  26.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers.  100  lbs . 6.30 

Oxen  and  Stags . 4.00 

Cows .  2.40 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 8.00 

Culls  .  4.00 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 2 A0 

Lambs . 6-30 

Hogs .  7.8O 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.24 

No.  2,  Red . 1.01 

Cora,  as  to  quality,  bush .  52 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 35 

Kye . 80 

WOOL 

Michigan  Fleeces,  Delaine. unwashed..  .26 

Ohio  Fine  Delaine,  unwashed . 25 

Idaho  Wools . 18 

Wyoming  Wools . 18 

Montana  Wools .  .22 

COTTON. 

New  York,  Middling  Upland . 

Middling  Gulf . . . 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling . 

Good  Middling . 

Liverpool,  Low  Middling . 

Good  Middling . 


@  6.70 
@  5.50 
@  4.60 
@11.00 
@  7.00 
@  4.60 
@  7.00 
@  8.60 


@  ... 
@  ... 
@  A4 
.40 
.84 


@ 


@  .27 
@  .27 
@  .18* 
@  .20 
@  .23 

14.90 
16.15 
14.50 
15.00 
15.00 
16  00 


SHARPLES 

Tubular 

Cream  Separators 
Wear  a  Lifetime 

When  you  buy  a  Tubular,  you  buy  for  life. 
Every  Tubular  is  guaranteed  forever  by 
America's  oldest  and  the  world’s  biggest  cream 
separator  concern.  We  can  make  that  guaranty 
because  we  know  what  Tubulars  have  done  for 
farmers  all  over  the  world,  and  will  do  for  you. 

..The  World’s  Best.  Different  from  and  later 
than  all  others.  Double  skimming  force— skim 
twice  as  clean.  No  disks  or  other  contraptions 
to  wear  or  wash.  Our  representative  in  your 
town  will  place  a  Tubular  with  you  for 
a  thorough 

FREE  TRIAL 

Can  you  afford 
to  pay  freight  or 
risk  anything  on  a 
“mail  order”  or 
other  (so  called) 
cheap  machine, 
the  average  life  of 
which  is  one  year? 

No— for  you  can 
try  aTubular  with¬ 
out  one  cent 
of  expense, 
and  it  is  far 
cheaper  to 
buy  one 
Tubular  for 
life  than  to 
buy  cheap 
machines 
time  after 
time.  Write 
for  1911  Cat¬ 
alogue  No. 

153, 

THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO. 

WEST  CHESTER,  PA. 

Chicago,  III.,  San  Frauelaro,  Cal.,  Portland,  Ora. 

Toronto,  Can.  Winnipeg,  Can. 


Larimer  Ditching  Plow 


wfth  subsoil  attachment.  If  yon  have  ditching 
to  do.this  plow  will  save  you  more  money  than 
any  implement  you  ha-ve  on  your  farm.  Reduce* 
cost  of  digging  ditch  from  one-half  to  two-, 
thirds.  Send  for  descriptive  circular. 

LARIMER  MFG.  CO., 

EOLA,  (near  Chicago.)  ELL. 


FOR  MENDING  HARNESS 

It takes 
a  wax  • 
thread, 
feeds 

from  spool _ 

does  the  work  of 
any  harness  maker  „ 
machine.  It  is  indis¬ 
pensable  for  farmers. 

Agents  wanted.  Sent  prepaid 
for  $1.25.  Send  at  onee  for 
catalog.  STEWART-SKINNER  CO. 

35  Hermon  Street.  Worcester.  Mass. 


shoes,  tents,  awnings,  pulley  belts,  car¬ 
pets,  saddles,  suit  cases,  buggy  tops, 
dash  ijoards,  or  any  heavy  material. 

Stewart*  b  Automatic! 
Awl  is  the  only  per¬ 
fect  Sewing 
~  L 


SOME  OF  THE  REASONS  WHY 

the 

United  States  Separator 

Is  the  BEST  in  the  World 

The  United  States  Separator  employs  a  feeding  device  to 
deliver  the  whole  milk  beyond  the  cream  zone — preventing  any 
remixing  of  cream  and  skimmilk  and  any  conflict  of  currents. 

No  other  device  of  any  other  Separator  will  do  this 
work  so  well,  as  the  records  show.  This  device  is  patent¬ 
ed,  and  can  be  used  on  no  other  Separator. 

The  United  States  uses  non-aligned  channels  for  the  cur¬ 
rents  of  milk  through  the  separator  bowl.  This  is  covered 
by  strong  patents.  No  discs  or  other  construction  can 
equal  its  perfection  in  separation.  It  won  the  world’s 
record  for  skimming,  in  50  consecutive  runs  continuing  30 
days,  with  the  milk  of  ten  different  breeds  of  cows. 

99i!m>  of  the  creameries  use  cream  gathered  from  United 
States  Separators— and  are  eager  for  more.  Cream  from 
the  United  States  is  smooth  and  perfect  for  butter  making. 

The  United  States  skims  cleaner,  runs  easier,  washes 
easier  and  lasts  longer  than  any  other  separator.  Ask  the  man 
who  runs  one.  Ask  us  for  catalogue  No.  159  at  once. 

VERMONT  FARM  MACHINE  GO.,  BELLOWS  FALLS,  VERMONT 

Distributing  warehouses  in  every  dairy  section  of  the  U.  S.  and  Canada 


groceries 

and 

separators 


Mr.. 


of  West  71st  Street, 
New  York  City,  sends 
us  frequent  orders  for 
groceries,  although 
there  are  thousands  of 
grocery  stores  in  his 
hometown.  Why  does 
he  do  it?  First,  be¬ 
cause  he  knows  he  will 
get  good  groceries; 
second,  because  he 
saves  money. 

We  offer  you  the 
same  proposition  in  a 
cream  separator — a 
good  machine  that  will 
make  money  for  you — 
at  a  price  that  means 
a  saving  of  half  or 
more.  Send  for  our 
Economy  Chief  Dairy 
Guide  for  1 9 1 1 .  Prices 
$27.90  and  up. 

Sears,  Roebuck  and  Co. 

Chicago,  Illinois 


MONTROSS  METAL  SHINGLES 

Best  roofing  made  for  public  I  mild  i  Jigs, 
residences,  barns,  etc.  Ornamental.  Inex¬ 
pensive.  Catalog.  Montron  V  J. 


CIDER  PRESSES 

The  Original  Mt.  Gilead  Hydraulic  Press 

produces  more  cider  from  loss 
apples  than  any  other  and  is  a 
BIG  MONEY  MAKES.  Sizes 
10  to  400  barrels  daily.  Also 
cider  evaporators,  apple- 
butter  cookers,  vinegar 
generators,  etc. 

CATALOGUE  FREE. 

THE  HYDRAULIC  PRESS  MFG.  C0.1 

137  Lincoln  Ave.,  Mt.  Gilead,  Ohio,  * _ 

Or  Boom  119  L  39  Cortlandt  Street.  New  York.  N.  Y. 


i’ll  Save  You  $50 

On  a  Manure  Spreader 
~lf  You'll  Let  Me  -% 

This  is  just  a  little  ad — but  a  postal  will  bring  my  BI0 
Book— and  give  you  my  $50.00  Saving  Price  and  Special 
Proposition.  You  can  save  as  much  answering  this  little  ad¬ 
vertisement  as  if  it  coveied  a  page. 

My  Spreader  positively  will  do  better  tvocic  and  last  longer 
than  any  Spreader  made — no  mat-  j 
ter  what  the  price — so  why  pay  $50  a 
more?  40,000  farmers  have  1 
stamped  their  O.  K.  on 
my  spreadsr  and  monoy«rf3 
saving  prlos.  My  Special 
Proposition  will  Interest  you.  ^ 

Just  a  postal  addressed  to  Gal¬ 
loway  of  Waterloo,  Iowa,  will* 
bring  you  everything  postpaid. 

Will  You  Pay  m  Psnny  For 
The  Poetsl  and  Save  S90.00T 
Address  Wm.  Calloway,  Pres. 

WM.  CALLOWAY  CO. 

869  Calloway  Sta.  Waterloo,  la. 


F r  Bight 
Paid 


Is  Your  Sod  Root-Bound? 

Root-bound  sods  do  not  produce  the 
forage  that  they  otherwise  would, 
neither  is  the  hay  tonnage  what  it 
should  be.  The  remedy  for  this  is  to 
reseed  old  pastures  and  meadows  with 
a  disk  drill.  The  proper  time  to  do 
this  work  is  when  the  sod  is  wet  in  the 
spring  from  the  frost  leaving  the 
ground.  Clover  is  one  of  the  best  na¬ 
tural  fertilizers  and  enrichers  of  the 
soil.  Many  fanners,  therefore  use  a 
mixture  of  timothy  and  clover  or  alsike 
and  red  top.  Clovers  must  have  moist¬ 
ure  and  this  is  why  it  is  best  to  do 
the  work  in  the  spring.  Experience 
shows  that  this  work  not  only  increases 
the  hay  yield,  but  also  provides  abund¬ 
ant  pasture  when  pasture  is  short  in 
July  and  August.  Do  not  attempt  to 
broadcast  the  seed  on  sod  land.  Get 
an  Empire  Disk  Drill  manufactured  by 
The  American  Seeding-Machine  Co., 
Incorporated,  Richmond,  lad.  This 
drill  provides  the  way  to  do  the  work 
right  by  conducting  the  seed  from  the 
grass  seeder  through  the  grain  tubes 
and  placing  the  seed  in  rows  made 
by  the  disk.s  This  disking  relieves  the 
sod  if  root  bound.  The  Empire  Drill 
will  sow  all  kinds  of  seed — no  seed 
too  large  and  no  seed  so  small  that 
the  Empire  will  fail  to  sow  it  right. 
Empire  Drills  are  made  in  many  dif¬ 
ferent  styles  and  sizes — plain  and  fer¬ 
tilizer.  So  no  difference  what  your 
seeding  conditions  may  be,  or  where 
you  live,  you  can  get  an  Empire  that 
will  do  your  work  in  the  best  possible 
manner.  Write  the  manufacturers  for 
an  Empire  catalogue.  Then  go  to  your 
implement  dealer  and  insist  on  seeing 
an  Empire  Drill,  which  is  guaranteed 
to  you  in  such  a  way  as  to  protect  your 
interests. 


88 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


January  21, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


During  the  month  of  December  we 
collected  through  this  department  35 
accounts  for  subscribers,  amounting  to 
$706.80  and  received  for  collection  75 
accounts  amounting  to  $2,721.38.  We 
answered  187  inquiries  for  ratings.  From 
April  first  to  January  first  we  collected 
$9,065.45.  For  the  most  part  this  was  for 
small  items  and  accounts  which  had  run 
for  a  long  time,  and  practically  aban¬ 
doned.  Some  of  them  had  been  given 
up  by  lawyers  as  either  uncollectable 
or  too  uncertain  to  justify  suit.  It  is 
not  so  much  the  amount  that  we  are 
concerned  about  as  the  principle  that 
these  interests  and  concerns  be  made  to 
understand  that  they  must  give  the 
farmer  such  consideration  as  is  justly 
demanded  by  other  business  men.  This 
is  worth  the  time  and  energy  expended, 
though  the  amount  involved  would 
hardly  justify  it. 

Success  Magazine  has  again  changed 
management.  The  late  president.  Hig¬ 
gins,  who  indorsed  the  Lewis  fake 
schemes,  and  incidentally  undertook 
some  frenzied  financing  on  his  own  ac¬ 
count,  has  retired.  It  will  be  remem¬ 
bered  that  David  G.  Evans,  vice-presi¬ 
dent,  and  Samuel  Merwin  were  forced 
to  retire  from  the  business  some  months 
back  under  circumstances  that  strongly 
pointed  to  a  division  over  the  Lewis  con¬ 
nection.  These  gentlemen  have  now 
renewed  their  connection  with  the  maga¬ 
zine,  and  we  predict  an  early  severance 
of  the  Lewis  ties. 


Last  week  when  their  agents  were  work¬ 
ing  in  this  vicinity  I  let  it  he  known  that 
the  Franklin  Merchandise  Company,  Chi¬ 
cago.  111.,  was  criticised  in  The  Rural  New- 
Yorker,  and  they  skipped  up  into  New  York 
State.  J.  C.  p. 

Pennsylvania. 

They  made  a  bad  skip  if  they  expect 
to  escape  their  past  record  by  moving 
into  New  York  State. 

We  now  write  to  offer  you  contract  guar¬ 
anteeing  you  at  least  $80  for  first  30  days’ 
work,  with  chance  to  make  more. 

Chicago,  Ill.  globe  association. 

That  is  the  substance  of  their  tempting 
offer.  They  have  made  practically  the 
same  offer  before;  but  we  have  yet  to 
find  anyone  who  ever  got  the  $80.  What 
they  really  do  is  to  give  you  the  privilege 
of  selling  fake  membership  to  your 
neighbors.  You  send  them  $2  out  of 
each  membership  and  keep  $1  for  your¬ 
self.  If  you  sell  80  and  send  them  $160, 
of  course  you  get  $80,  and  that  is  all 
there  is  to  it. 

Enclosed  you  will  find  a  letter  from  the 
Potomac  Refining  Co.,  New  York  City,  that’s 
trving  me.  You  will  note  the  way  the 
envelope  is  addressed  “In  care  Barber  Bab¬ 
cock,”  this  being  my  address  for  a  short 
period  of  time  four  years  ago  when  C.  E. 
Ellis  swindled  me  out  of  $60.  Seems  as 
though  you  could  get  at  these  people  right 
in  your  own  city.  w.  g. 

New  Y'ork. 

This  friend  enjoyed  the  not  too  en¬ 
viable  distinction  of  being  on  the 
“sucker  list.”  We  know  nothing  about 
the  new  concern  referred  to  except  what 
we  infer  from  the  letter  furnished.  We 
do  not  care  to  inquire.  That  they  are 
using  the  Ellis  “sucker  list”  is  as  far  as 
we  care  to  inquire. 

I  have  today  received  s.  refund  of  $5.85 
on  the  express  charge  of  $6.65  which  you 
so  kindly  took  up  for  me.  I  return  you 
my  hearty  thanks  and  expression  of  re¬ 
newed  appreciation  of  the  very  excellent 
work  of  the  “Publisher’s  Desk”  of  your 
very  excellent  paper.  w.  c.  d. 

Connecticut. 

This  claim  represented  an  overcharge 
of  nearly  nine  times  the  proper  charge, 
and  yet  it  took  several  months  for  an 
adjustment,  and  the  grower  was  not  able 
at  that  to  secure  an  adjustment  with¬ 
out  reference  to  The  R.  N.-Y.  The 
charge  was  for  expressage  on  a  small 
shipment  of  nursery  stock  from  Virginia 
to  Connecticut.  The  complainant  is  a 
man  of  culture  and  broad  affairs,  and 
when  he  fails  of  redress  the  ordinary 
farmer  unused  to  correspondence  may 
well  feel  that  his  chances  of  recovery 
are  hopeless. 

*  ^ 

I  wish  to  thank  you  for  pushing  up  the 
Currier  Publishing  Company  in  regard  to 
the  dishes  I  ordered  from  them.  I  re¬ 
ceived  the  dishes  November  3  all  correct, 
but  I  certainly  give  you  all  the  credit  for 
getting  them.  E.  c.  H. 

Tennessee. 

There  are  not  as  many  cheap  mail 
order  publications  now  as  there  were 
some  years  ago,  because  the  Post  Office 
Department  has  restricted  their  mail 
privileges ;  but  some  of  them  yet  survive. 
These  publications  had  a  fat  harvest 
some  years  back  through  the  deceptive 
fake  and  often  fraudulent  schemes  they 
worked  on  readers.  The  papers  were 
sent  principally  as  free  samples;  but 
those  who  patronized  the  advertisements . 


paid  dearly  enough  for  their  experience. 
Through  the  wholesale  censorship  of  the 
Post  Office  Department  the  papers  of  this 
class  that  survived  have  necessarily  se¬ 
cured  a  subscription  patronage  from 
year  to  year  on  one  kind  of  a  scheme  or 
another,  and  this  complaint  grew  out  of  a 
premium  proposition.  Complaints  about 
publishers  we  are  most  reluctant  to  take 
up;  and  do  so  only  when  the  interest  of 
our  people  seems  absolutely  to  demand  it. 

Abram  G.,  Oscar  A.,  and  Abram  S.  Stauf¬ 
fer,  prominent  residents  of  Palmyra,  Leba¬ 
non  County,  Pa.,  were  arrested  recently 
charged  with  using  the  mails  to  defraud. 
The  Stauffers  are  charged  with  selling  in¬ 
struments  to  locate  hidden  wealth,  one 
of  the  articles  being  the  “Spanish  needle.” 
They  were  sold  at  from  $10  to  $15  each, 
and' about  1,500  are  alleged  to  have  been 
sold  in  the  last  year.  Charges  of  sending 
illegal  literature  through  the  mails  also 
have  been  made.  The  first  two  men  are 
said  to  have  been  doing  business  under 
the  names  of  Prospectors  and  Miners’ 
Agency,  Ilall  &  Co.,  Electric  Motor  Com¬ 
pany,  Diamond  Pug  Company,  Gem  Novel¬ 
ty  Company,  Franklin  Drug  Company, 
Smith  Remedy  Company,  and  Stauffer  & 
Co.  Abram  S.  Stauffer  is  said  to  have 
been  interested  also  in  the  Miners’  Supply 
Company.  All  were  held  in  $5,000  bail 
for  court.  Their  reputations  were  of  the 
highest  business  standing. — Daily  Paper. 

Readers  will  remember  that  we  cau¬ 
tioned  them  some  time  back  against  the 
“Spanish  needle”  humbug.  The  postal 
inspectors  are  certainly  doing  some  good 
work. 

The  Alabama  Electric  Service  Co., 
Fort  Payne,  Ala.,  is  in  trouble,  the  pro¬ 
moter,  one  E.  C.  Drew,  having  been 
placed  under  arrest  by  Federal  authori-. 
ties  for  misuse  of  the  mails. 

Louis  Conrad,  W.  M.  Bingham  and  Con¬ 
rad  Lotz,  of  the  Correspondence  Institute 
of  America,  were  arrested  to-day  charged 
with  devising  and  maintaining  a  scheme 
to  defraud  by  the  teaching  of  an  art 
course  through  the  mails.  The  complain¬ 
ants  are  Donald  McKensi,  of  Newport,  Pa. ; 
E.  .T.  Trojan  and  W.  A.  Kucheimer,  both 
of  Chicago.  Postal  Inspector  A.  C.  Earn- 
shaw,  of  Philadelphia,  conducted  the  in¬ 
vestigation  which  led  to  the  issuance  of 
the  warrants.  The  school  has  done  a  thriv¬ 
ing  business  teaching  cartooning  by  mail. — 
Daily  News. 

Our  people  have  heard  of  this  con¬ 
cern  before.  They  threatened  libel  suit 
on  The  R.  N.-Y.  because  of  its  explana¬ 
tion  of  the  scheme.  The  plan  was  to  in¬ 
duce  people  to  send  a  sample  drawing 
or  sketch.  Then  the  student  was  flat¬ 
tered  and  each  one  led  to  believe  that 
he  or  she  was  a  born  genius.  The 
tuition  remittance  followed. 


Your  welcome  favor  to  hand,  and  many 
thanks  for  the  $12  check  from  the  rail¬ 
road  company.  In  appreciation  of  same 
will  enclose  renewal  for  myself,  and  a  list 
of  trial  subscribers.  Will  try  to  get  more 
as  1  have  the  time ;  rest  assured  1  will  do 
all  I  can  for  your  paper,  and  keep  the 
good  work  going  that  you  are  doing  for 
vour  subscribers  to-day.  I  thank  you  again 
for  your  kindness,  aud  wish  you  a  merry 
Christmas  aud  a  happy  New  Year.  j.  s.  G. 

Florida. 

The  history  of  the  above  case  will  il¬ 
lustrate  the  hopeless  prospect  of  a  ship¬ 
per  in  efforts  to  recover  for  lost  goods. 
In  this  case  a  Florida  shipper  sent  M 
crates  of  cucumbers  to  a  Philadelphia 
commission  merchant  in  April,  1908,  by 
Southern  Express  Company.  The  Phila¬ 
delphia  house  claimed  the  shipment  had 
not  reached  them  and  the  express  com¬ 
pany  claimed  it  was  delivered.  The  vol¬ 
ume  of  correspondence  is  the  size  of  a 
good  book.  After  nearly  three  years 
we  have  succeeded  in  getting  the  money 
on  the  claim.  Few  farmers  would  per¬ 
sist  in  a  correspondence  so  long,  and  it 
is  doubtful  if  any  other  class  of  ship¬ 
pers  would  persist  for  nearly  three 
years.  No  one  would  or  could  afford 
to  give  the  time  and  energy  to  it  for  the 
amount  involved ;  but  there  is  some  sat¬ 
isfaction  in  knowing  that  these  express 
companies  do  occasionally  come  to  time. 

Enclosed  find  $5,  $4  to  extend  my  sub¬ 
scription  and  $1  for  10  ten-week  trial  sub¬ 
scriptions.  I  have  just  received  a  check 
for  $152.71  for  that  gasoline  engine  that  I 
returned  that  was  guaranteed,  and  failed 
to  make  good.  Ilad  it  not  been  for  your 
continual  “butting  in”  I  would  be  short 
the  check  at  present,  and  long  on  an  engine 
that  did  not  give  satisfaction.  You  seem 
to  have  a  disagreeable  way  of  pounding 
people  who  don’t  do  as  they  agree  to  do. 
Hoping  that  your  pen  may  be  wielded  for 
many  years  to  come,  with  the  force  it  has 
been'  in  the  past,  and  thanking  you  for  the 
trouble  I  have  put  you  to,  I  remain, 

Montana.  w.  w.  c. 

This  Montana  farmer  understands 
what  gives  The  R.  N.-Y.  the  power  to 
demand  successfully  that  a  guarantee 
given  to  a  farmer  be  made  good ;  and 
that  the  guarantee  means  satisfaction  to 
the  farmer  on  the  farm,  and  not  satis¬ 
faction  to  the  manufacturer  in  the  shop. 
He  knows  that  the  power  comes  from 
the  number  of  farmers  who  are  ready 
to  back  up  the  paper  in  its  demands. 
The  farmer  who  helps  increase  the  Rural 
family  is  really  building  up  a  power  to 
help  himself.  j.  j.  d. 


guide  to  lighter 


catalogue  is  a 


The  Pianet  Jr  1911  illustrated 
^  complete  guide  to  lighter  farm  work,  better 
|\  crops,  and  more  money.  Every  farmer  and 
gardener  should  possess  it  as  soon  as  the 


mail  can  bring  it.  What’s  the  sense 
of  drudging  when  you  don’t  have  to? 
Write  today,  ana  let  this  free  book 
help  you  select  the  labor-saving 
implements  you  need. 

S  L  Allen  &  Co 

Box  H07*  Phila  Pa 
No.  1 1  |  Planet  Jr 
,  Double- Wheel  Hoe, 

.has  an  important 


I  No.  4  | 

Planet  Jr 
Combined 
Hill  and 
Drill  Seeder, 
Wheel-Hoe. 
Cultivator,  and 
Plow  is  a  real  ne¬ 
cessity  in  every  good 
garden.  Can  be  ad¬ 
justed  in  a  moment  to 
sow  all  garden  seeds,  hoe, 
cultivate,  weed,  and  plow. 
Unequaled  for  lightnegs, 
strength  and  beauty. 


an 

provement  for  1911— a  steel. 
‘  frame,  making  it  prac¬ 
tically  indestructible. 
Adapted  to  many 
kinds  of  work. 

Pays  for  itself 
in  a  sin¬ 
gle  sea¬ 
son. 


im-J 


% 


I 


I 


A  HARNESS 

THAT  OUTLIVES  THE 
HORSE 


Our  catalogue  accurately  illustrates  over 
75  Styles  of  harness  for  all  purposes.  Prices 
are  wholesale — saves  $10  to  $15  on  every  harness. 
Only  best  oak-tanned  leather  is  used.  Every  harness 
guaranteed  for  five  years  Catalogue  F  free- 

King  Harness  Co.,  6  Lake  St.,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.,  N.  Y 


HOG  RAISERS 

[  Cook  hog  feed,  heat  water  for  scalding  at  killing 
time,  render  lard  and  cook  scrapple  with  a 

Farmers’  Favorite’  I 

Feed  Cooker  and  Boiler| 

Handy  for  any  number  of  uses  r 
— such  as  cooking  all  kinds  of 
poultry  and  stock  feed,  sugar 
making,  canning,  sterilizing 
milk  cans  and  preparing  spray¬ 
ing  mixtures.  Costs  little,  wears 
long.  Write  for  special  sale  list. 

LEWIS  MFG.  CO. 

Box  C,  Cortland,  N.  Y.  I 


Paint  Without  Oil 

Remarkable  Discovery  That  Cuts 
Down  the  Cost  of  Paint  Seventy- 
Five  Per  Cent. 


WHITE  LEGHORNS 


AND 


A  Tree  Trial  Package  Is  Mailed  to  Every¬ 
one  Who  Writes. 

A.  L.  Rice,  a  prominent  manufacturer  of 
Adams,  N.  Y.,  has  discovered  a  process  of 
making  a  new  kind  of  paint  without  the  use 
of  oil.  He  calls  It  Powdrpalnt.  It  comes  in  the 
form  of  a  dry  powder  ami  all  that  Is  required  is 
cold  water  to  make  a  paint  weather  proof,  fire 
proof  and  as  durable  as  oil  paint.  It  adheres  to 
any  surface,  wood,  stone  or  brick,  spreads  and 
looks  like  oil  paint  and  costs  about  one-fourth  as 
much. 

Write  to  Mr.  A.  L.  Rice,  Manuf’r.,  408  North 
St.,  Adams,  N.  Y.,  and  he  will  send  you  a  free 
trial  package,  also  color  card  and  full  informa¬ 
tion  showing  you  how  you  can  save  a  good  many 
dollars.  Write  to-day. 

AGENTS  100%  PROFIT 


Most  perfect  and  valuable  Com¬ 
bination  of  tools  ever  invented.  Sells 
at  sight  to  Farmers,  Plumbers, 
Machinists.  Automobile  Owners,  in  stores  and  the  home. 

Made  of  Drop  Forged  high  grade  carbon  steel.  One  agent  in 
Essex  County.  N.  Y.,  after  a  G  days’  canvass  ordered  100  tools. 
His  profit  $100.00.  Big  snap  for  agents.  Sample  free  to  workers. 

T.  THOMAS  MFG.  CO.,  2865  Wayne  St.,  Daytoa,  Ohio 


FANCY  PIGEONS 

Unusual  opportunity  for  Country  Gentle¬ 
men  and  Farmers.  Having  a  large  surplus 
of  very  choice  birds  from  prize  winning 
strains,  we  will  sell  the  following  at  $2  each: 

Black  Tumblers,  Blue  Magpies, 

Almond  Tumblers,  Black  Magpies, 

Bald  Head  Tumblers,  Red  Magpies, 
Blue  Bearded  Tum'rs,  Black  Dragoons, 
Almond  Bearded  Tum’rs,  Blue  Dragoons, 
Archangels,  Black  Fantails. 

.  .  .  ADDRESS  .  .  . 

FOXLAIR  LOFTS,  North  Creek,  N.Y. 

Richard  A.  Hudnut,  Owner 


tuc  PEI  ERRATEn  Hungarian  and  English 

I  tic  UCLCDtlrtlCU  PARTRIDGES  AND  PHEASANTS 

Wild  turkeys,  quails,  rabbits,  deer,  etc.,  for  stock¬ 
ing  purposes.  Fancy  pheasants,  peafowl,  cranes, 
swans,  storks,  ornamental  geese  and  ducks,  foxes, 
squirrels,  ferrets,  and  all  kinds  of  birds  and  ani¬ 
mals.  WENZ  &  MACKENSEN.  Dept.  10,  Pheas- 
antry  aud  Game  Park,  Yardley,  Pa. 


We  will  have  some 
promising  April 
batched  Single  Comb 
White  Leghorn  Cock- 

PEKIN  DUCKS  ei-els  at  $2.00  and  $3.00 
CIVIH  U  U  U  IV  O  each.  gr;lnd  early 

hatched  Barred  Hock  Cockerels  sired  by  10  pound 
cocks  for  $3.00  and  $5.00  each.  Remember  our 
strain  of  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks,  Madison  Square 
Garden  Blue  Ribbon  Winners,  is  second  to  none. 
Have  1,000  now  to  select  from.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  of  hatching  eggs  in  any  quantity  or 
day-old  chicks  and  ducklings.  AlsoBronze  Turkeys 
and  their  eggs  for  sale.  Incubators  10,000  eggs  ca¬ 
pacity.  Cyphers  agents.  Correspondence  invited. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.  The  only  large  successful 
plant  in  the  vicinity  of  Now  York  City.  Bonnie 
Brae  Poultry  Farm,  New  ltochelle,  N.  Y. 

RICHLAND  FARMS,  Frederick,  Md. 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS 

S.  C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS 

Now  is  the  time  to  place  your  order  for 
HATCHING  EGGS  and  HAY  OLD  CHICKS 
Six  hundred  and  sixty-two  acres  devoted  to  the  three 
breeds.  All  breeding  stock  have  free  range.  No  orders 
too  small  or  too  large. 

BREEDERS  FOR  SALE 

OWNLANI)  FARM’S  While  and  Bull  Wyandottes, 
Indian  Runner  Ducks.  Famous  “Win  and  Lay” 
Strains.  All  stock  subject  to  approval.  Price-List. 

0WNLAND  FARM.  Box  497.  South  Hammond.  New  York. 


Mt.  Pleasant  Farr 


—A  Breeding  Establish¬ 
ment  of  250  acres,  de¬ 
voted  to  developing  under  ideal  conditions  the  best 

S.  C.  W.  LEGHORNS 

We  solicit  inquiries  from  those  in  need  of  new 
blood  or  foundation  stock.  Spring  orders  for  Eggs 
and  Chicks  now  being  booked.  Splendid  Cockerels 
cheap  during  December.  MT.  PLEASANT  FARM, 
Box  Y,  Havre  de  Grace,  Maryland. 

R.  C.  Rhode  Island  Reds  and  Indian  Runner 

n II 0 U Q — Strong,  vigorous  strains  for  utility,  show 
UUuno  alld  export.  All  stock  sold  on  approval 

SINCLAIR  SMITH,  602  Filth  Street.  Brooklyn,  New  York. 

S.  C.  Rhode  Island  Reds  at  the  Horseshoe 

Road  Poultry  Farm  batching  and  a  few  Cock¬ 
erels.  Write  for  prices.  WM.  R.  BURKHOLDER. 
Box  152,  K.  5,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

f)f|  EGGS  $1.00 — leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
/U  try.  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Large  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS— Quality 
Kind,  Famous  Lakewood  Strain,  Young  and  old 
stock  for  sale:  Hatching  eggs  for  early  delivery. 
SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington.  New  Jersey. 

G HAY’S  SILVER  QUILL  White  Rocks.  White 
Wyandottes,  White  Holland  Turkeys  and 
Berkshire  Pigs  at  bargain  prices.  GROVELAND 
STOCK  FARM,  Box  A,  Groveland,  New  York. 

COLUMBIAN  WYANDOTTES— Beauty  &utility  combined. 
Splendid,  vigorous  Cockerels  and  Pens  mated.  Ad¬ 
dress  Ralph  Woodward,  Box  28,  Grafton,  Mass. 

R.  C.  B.  MIN0RCAS,  Cockerels,  S1.25  each.  Indian 
Runner  Ducks,  $6  trio.  Geo.  Bowdish,  Esperance,  N.Y. 

rnnn  BROWN  and  White  Leghorn  Hens;  Giant  Bronze 
JUUU  and  White  Holland  Turkeys.  Bred  for  heavy 
winter  lavers.  Numbers  to  suit.  Prices  reasonable. 

THE  AMERICAN  POULTRY  PLANT,  Collins,  Ohio 

THE  FARMER’S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 

Free  Poultry  Catalogue 

EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS  MARIETTA  PA. 

Pure  Bred  Bronze  Turkeys 

From  Prize-winning  Strains.  Stamp. 

MRS.  HARRIET  CHUMBLEY,  Draper,  Va. 


LARGE  TOULOUSE  GEESE,  White  Wyandotte  Cockerels 
and  White  P.  Hock  Hens  and  Cockerels  for  sale. 
Prices  low  for  quality.  E.  Schieber,  R.  2,  Bucyrus,  Ohio, 


Indian  Runner  Ducks' 


, — Fawn  and  White, 
i  heavy  laying  strain. 
Eggs.  $1.50  per  13;  $8.00  per  100.  F.  J.  FULLER, 
Waterport,  Orleans  County,  New  York. 

Indian  Runner  Ducks  7;«”e«-,j 

$5  per  trio.  W.  T.  EASTON,  R.  5,  Delaware,  Ohio. 


MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1844 

R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 


Greider’s  Fine  Catalogue 

of  pure  bred  poultry,  for  1911,  over  200 
pages,  57  colored  pictures  of  fowls,  calen- 
darfor  each  month,  illustrations,  descrip¬ 
tions,  photos,  incubators,  brooders,  and 
all  details  concerning  the  business,  where 
and  how  to  buy  fine  poultry,  eggs  for 
hatching,  supplies,  etc.,  at  lowest  cost. 
Send  15c.  B.  H.  Greioer,  Box  58 ,  Rheems.  Pr 


1911 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  January  21,  1911. 
FARM  TOPICS. 


Corn  Growing  in  Illinois .  58 

\  Gasoline  Hired  Man .  59 

Lime  vs.  Barnyard  Manure .  59 

Killing  Out  Horseradish .  01 

Fertilizing  Value  of  Flat  Turnips....  01 

Sumach .  01 

Alfalfa  a  Good  Teacher .  02 

That  Corn  Contest  .  04 

The  “Clark”  Plan  of  Grass  Culture .  05 

Agreement  With  Farm  Superintendent.  65 

Farm  Factories  for  Nitrogen .  06 

Bringing  Up  Wet  Clay  Soil .  66 

Lime  for  Cabbage .  66 

Plant  Food  Values  of  Feed .  67 

Corn  Growing  in  Vermont .  66 

Alfalfa  After  Rye .  67 

Concrete  Corncrib  Floor .  68 

Business  in  Farms .  68  , 

Hope  Farm  Notes  .  70 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

Combination  Henhouse  .  61 

Sprouted  Oats  .  61 

Rhode  Island  Red  Poultry .  78 

Seeding  Rape  for  .Sheep .  78 

Farm  Horses  for  the  “North  Country”  78 

Sex  of  Guineas  .  78 

Milk .  79 

Milking  Machines  .  79 

Fistula  of  Milk  Duct . . . [  79 

Waterproof  Stable  Floor .  79 

How  to  Box  “Baby  Chicks” .  80 

The  Check  and  the  Bogus  Cow .  81 

What  Corn  for  the  Silo? .  81 

Feeding  for  Butter  Making .  82 

Beet  Pulp  for  Succulence .  82 

Ration  Without  Roughage .  82 

Calves  With  Catarrh .  82 

Diseases  of  Cats .  82 

Garget  .  82 

A  Pereheron  Mare  as  An  Investment..  83 

Pig  With  Fits .  83 

The  Ilenyard  .  84 

Arrangement  of  Henhouses .  84 

Buckwheat  for  Poultry .  84 

Lumps  on  Hens’  Toes .  84 

Doubling  Up  .  84 

“Utility” .  84 

HORTICULTURE. 

Conquest  of  Brown  Rot . 57.  58 

Where  Government  Tries  to  Regulate 

Fruit  Production  .  58 

The  Douglas  Pear  .  59 

“The  Cull  in  the  Package” . 60,  62 

Lime-Sulphur  and  Oyster-Shell  Scale..  60 

Peach  Trees  for  Fillers .  60 

Potash  for  Fruit .  61 

Beans  in  Y’oung  Orchard .  62 

New  York  State  Fruit  Growers’  Asso¬ 
ciation .  64 

Fertilizing  an  Apple  Orchard .  68 

The  Passion  Fruit  .  71 

The  Giant  Himalaya  Berry .  71 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day .  74 

To  Take  Raw  Eggs .  74 

My  Way  of  Making  Bread .  75 

The  Secret  of  Hospitality .  75 

Eggplant,  Baked.  Tomato  Sauce .  75 

Wrinkles  and  Recipes .  76 

Apple  Sauce  Cake  .  76 

Squash  Fritters  .  76 

Broiled  Deviled  Tomatoes .  76 

Mother’s  Vacation  .  77 

The  Rural  Patterns  .  77 

Gems  and  Muffins  .  77 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


The  Consumer's  Dollar. — You  asked 
me  some  time  since  what  Share  of  the  con¬ 
sumer's  dollar  I  get  for  farm  produce,  as 
the  question  seems  to  be  as  yet  unsettled. 
Nearly  everything  from  our  section  goes 
to  the  Wyoming  Valley,  hauled  by  the  pro¬ 
ducer  and  sold  largely  to  the  consumer, 
or  to  the  merchant  who  supplies  the  con¬ 
sumer  We  are  highly  favored  in  this  re¬ 
spect.  We  sometimes  sell  to  hucksters 
who  go  up  the  valley  ;  they  now  pay  at  our 
door  34  cents  a  dozen  for  eggs.  36  cents 
a  pound  for  fresh  butter.  I  enclose  check 
for  renewal  and  for  one  10-weeks  subscrip¬ 
tion.  This  10  cents  is  my  punishment 
for  not  renewing  my  paper  on  time.  The 
best  farmers’  paper  published.  o.  D.  T. 

Luzerne  Co.,  Pa. 

It.  N.-Y. — That  sort  of  punishment  is  a 
reward. 


juaranteedTrees 

it  Wholesale  Prices 


Buy  Direct  from  Us  and  Save  Money! 
All  stock  of  High  Quality  and  Genesee 
Valley  Grown,  where  Scale  is  unknown. 

12  APPLE  TREES,  $1.00 

1  Y.  Transparent,  1  Red  Astrachan,  2  Duchess, 

2  Baldwin,  2  N.  Spy,  2  Tallman  Sweet,  2  Wealthy. 

Time  to  Name  or  Money  Back. 

Write  now  for  Free  Catalogue  of  Complete  Line. 

Reilly  Bros.  Nurseries.  1025  Reilly  Rd..  Oansvillc.  N.  Y. 


PURE  HONEY 


—Amber  extracted,  $1.60  per 
gallon.  Comb,  10  lbs.,  $2. 
H.  K.  LYON. Cranford,  N.J. 


Bryan's  Colic  Remedy  for  Cattle. 

will  relieve  the  most  obstinate  case  of  colic  within 
one  hour.  Price  $1.25  per  bottle,  by  mail,  in  the 
United  States  or  Canada. 

BRYAN  DRUG  CO.,  Chatham,  N.  J. 


For  Sale  or  Exchange-?®^ 

old  JACK,  nose  and  breast  mouse  color,  15hj  hands 
high;  weighs  about  950  lbs.  Will  sell  or  exchange 
for  registered  Holstein  cattle  or  registered  Shet¬ 
land  pony  mares,  or  Pereheron  stallion. 

S.  H.  ROBISON,  814  Walnut  St.,  Philadelphia. 


OHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
d  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BAKNKS,  Oxford,  N.  Y. 

DUROC-JERSEY  PIGS  AND  SERVICE  BOARS  of  the  best 

breeding.  Pedigree  with  each  one.  Price 
reasonable.  HENRY  PATRICK,  Rustburg,  Va. 

Rorlichiro  Pifrc  at  Bargain  Prices.  A.  M- 
PCI  C  rl^O  DAVIS,  Trooper,  Pa. 

LAKEHILL  FARM 


W.  H.  THACHKR. 

Single  and  Rose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W.  P.  Rocks 
and  Imp.  Pekin  Ducks.  Cockerels  and  Ducks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  in  any  quantity  from  $2  up. 
Chicks.  $15  per  1UU.  Ducklings,  $25  per  100.  Write 
for  special  prices  in  large  lots.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  of  hatching  eggs  and  day  old  chicks 
and  ducklings.  Safe  delivery  guaranteed.  Satis¬ 
faction.  CAUL  W.  LLOYD,  Mgr,,  HILLSIDE, 
Westchester  County,  N.  Y. 


Lt.  Brahmas,  White  P,  Rocks,  B.  P.  Rocks. 

Fine  Birds.  J.  A.  ROBERTS,  Malvern,  Pa. 


The  Country  Storekeeper’s  Side  of  Par¬ 


cels  Post  .  59 

Finish  for  Oak  Floor .  61 

Arch  for  Boiling  Sap .  61 

Metal  Roofs  and  Lightning .  67 

Express  Rates  .  67 

Editorials .  72 

Other  People’s  Money .  73 

Events  of  the  Week .  73 

Anti-Parcels  Post  Petition .  73 

Products,  Prices  and  Trade .  81 

Markets .  85 

Publisher’s  Desk  .  86 


We  are  having  blizzard  weather.  Have 
had  some  rains  of  late.  Water  not  so 
scarce  in  wells  and  reservoirs.  Very  little 
snow,  no  sleighing  now.  Wheat.  90  cents  ; 
oats,  45  cents ;  corn,  75  cents ;  potatoes, 
60  cents.  Butter,  34  cents ;  eggs,  34  cents, 
both  scarce.  Hay,  .816  per  ton.  Crops 
look  fair.  d,  d.  s. 

Snyder  Co.,  Pa. 


THOROUGHBRED  Mammoth  Bronze  Turkeys— heavy  bone 
and  fine  plumage.  Mrs.  Floyd  Kirby,  Draper,  Va 


PH  TRY~35  Best  Breeds.  Bred  for  Laying. 
*  UULI  II  I  Large  circular  illustrated  in  colors 
Free.  JOHN  E.  HEA'l’WOLE,  Harrisonburg,  Va. 


R.  C.  B.  MINORCAS,  Cockerels,  $1.25 each.  Indian  Run¬ 
ner  Ducks,  $6  trio.  Geo.  Bowdish,  Esperance,  N.Y. 


WANTEO-DAY-OLD  CHICKS  by  the  hundred. 
Spring  delivery.  434  63d  St.,  Brooklyn.  N.  Y. 


Ofin  Buff  and  Barred  P.  Rock  and  CAD  Q  A I  C 
OUU  White  and  Partridge  Wyandottes  ■  UH  wALE 

Inspection  solicited.  Price  reasonable.  Satisfac¬ 
tion  guaranteed.  Dr.  S.  C.  Moyer,  Lansdale,  Pa. 


THOROUGH-BRED  POULTRY — Best  twenty  varieties. 

,,  Eggs,  15,  $1:40.  $2.  Catalogue. 

H.  K.  MOHR,  Quakertown,  Pa.,  Route  3. 


pn»*  S/ilp— ^*'ite  Leghorns  (Young’s 
*  Y1  ,  .  1  .  Strain).  Cockerels,  trios  and  eggs 

for  hatching.  L.  MOORE,  Routel,  Ellenville,  N.Y. 


The  potato  crop  was  not  very  good.  Some 
of  the  very  early  planted  turned  out  well. 
Those  planted  a  little  later  rotted  badly  on 
account  of  cold,  wet  weather  soon  after 
planting.  It  was  too  dry  in  August  and 
September  for  late  potatoes  to  do  much 
good.  Dealers  here  paid  50  to  60  cents 
per  bushel  and  retailed  them  out  at  $1  at 
digging  time.  Hay  was  a  heavy  crop  ;  part 
of  It  was  damaged  in  harvesting  and  not 
salable.  Corn  good,  40  cents  at  elevator, 
farmers  not  selling  much.  n.  l.  r. 

Ccdarville,  O. 

Potatoes  were  a  big  crop  in  Erie  Countv, 
but  have  been  rotting  badly,  caused  by 
heavy  rains  following  attacks  of  blight. 
Some  farmers  have  to  throw  away  nearly 
one-half  of  their  crop,  therefore  many  have 
been  rushed  to  market  after  digging’  keep¬ 
ing  the  price  down  to  50  and  55  cents  per 
bushel ;  sales  not  very  brisk,  and  buyers 
cautious  not  to  get  too  much  poor  stock  on 
hand.  Fresh  eggs  are  45  cents  per  dozen, 
butter  36  cents  per  pound,  dressed  hogs 
10  to  11  cents.  Beef  by  the  quarter  seven 
or  eight  cents  per  pound ;  corn  a  good  crop, 
many  fields  running  100  bushels  per  acre. 

Erie  Co.,  N.  Y.  G.  s. 

From  Mexico. — I  have  been  a  reader  of 
The  R.  N.-Y.  ever  since  I  can  remember. 
Just  at  the  present  time  I  am  particularly 
interested  in  the  reports  as  to  the  “con¬ 
sumer’s  dollar”  and  the  parcels  post.  One 
of  the  principal  reasons  I  had  for  coming 
to  Mexico  to  make  a  home  was  that  here 
we  get  a  larger  share  of  the  consumer’s 
dollar  for  our  produce.  Under  the  wise 
administration  of  good  old  President  Diaz 
the  common  people  get  a  better  show 
against  monopoly  than  in  the  United 
States.  We  seldom  get  more  than  20  per 
cent  reduction  from  the  ultimate  selling 
price  of  our  products,  and  many  instances 
not  more  than  half  of  that.  It  revives 
old  memories  of  cold  fingers  to  read  of 
your  snow  and  cold  up  in  that  northern 
country,  while  we  are  gathering  corn  in 
one  field  and  setting  tomato  plants  in  an¬ 
other.  and  have  fresh  garden  stuff  every 
day  in  the  year.  n.  s,  a. 

Tampico,  Mexico. 


Baby  Chicks  10c  Eacbif's TbiSYS? 

horn.  Can  furnish  in  any  number  I  am  booking 
orders  for  early  deliveries.  Circular  free.  CHAS.  R. 

STONE,  Baby  Chicken  Farm,  Staatsburg-oa-Hudson,  H.  Y. 


Y17  A  NTFn — ^  WO  single  men  to  drive  team; 
"  1  A  i-jU  jjo  milking;  must  be  of  good 

habits  and  understand  using  farm  machinery; 
steady  employment.  TRANQUILITY  FARMS, 
Arthur  Danks,  Mgr.,  Allamuchy.  N.  J. 


Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  CO.,  Com¬ 
mission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York. 


Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  *  Consignments  Solicited 


93-95  South  Market  St., 


Boston. 


GEO.  P.  HAMMOND.  EST.  1875.  FRANK  W.  GODWIN 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  CO., 


andHot-honse  Products  a  Specialty.  Consignments 
solicited.  34  &  36  Little  13th  St„  New  York* 

’S  ARMY  AUCTION  BARGAINS 

$  1 1  4.00  SET  ARMY  POLE  HARNESS  $01.85 
1  A^S6ArmyUadTemHin«*$17.95£  A= 
Amy  Saddles  $3.00  op 
Amy  Shelter  Tents  1.00  up 
Array  Unif’ms.newl.25  up, 

7-Shot  Rifle  Carbine  3.50 
0!dSide-ArmPistols.50  up 
Side-Arm  Sword  .35  up 
SEND  POSTAL  TO -DAY' 

FOR  FREE  CIRCULAR) 

Largest  stock  t.'oTcrnmcnt  Auction  Bargains  in  tho  world.  IS 
acres  required  for  Its  storage.  StVt.puge  catalogue,  over  4,000 
illustrations  of  army  and  nary  anetion  goods.  Regular  Military 
Encyclopedia.  Mailed  for  15  cents  (stamps).  4 

CANNON-*.  FLAGS,  PISTOLS,  RIFLES,  8 FEARS,  DRUBS.  Its. 

FRANCIS  BANNERMAN.  501  Broadway.  N.  Yl 


87 


Guaranteed  for  15  Years — 


The  Dickelman 
Manufacturing  Co 

62  Gormley  St. 
FOREST.  OHIO  A 


DICKELMAN  EXTRA 

Galvanized  Metal  Roofing 

We  guarantee  it  for  15  years,  but  know  it  will  last  twice  that  long. 

We  know  that  our  roofing  which  was  put  up  years  ago  is  still  in  excellent 
condition — and  should  last  25  years  longer.  We  do  not  simply  tell  you  or  promise 
you  our  roofing  will  last  for  15  years — we  guarantee  it.  Ask  your  dealer  about 
DICKELMAN  EXTRA.  If  he  doesn’t  sell  it,  write  us  at  once  for  sample  and 
our  valuable  roofing  book — sent  prepaid.  Know  why -we  can  gtutrantee  our  roofing 
for  15  years  while  others  make  vague  promises  that  mean  nothing. 

The  secret  of  the  durability  of  Dickelman  Extra  lies  in  the  wonderful  system 
of  galvanizing — and  the  high  quality  of  the  materials  used.  The  metal  sheet  we 
use  for  a  base  is  made  by  a  special  process  which  leaves  it  tough — yet  pliable 
and  open-grained.  So  the  galvanizing  material  fills  up  the  "pores” — and  actu¬ 
ally  becomes  a  part  of  the  finished  sheet.  This  prevents  it  from  cracking — 

.scaling — wearing  or  rusting  off. 


Now  for 
Sample 


Get  our  book— 
and  sample,  so 
you  can  test  it 
to  know  for 
yourself  its  su¬ 
periority. 


No  More  Roof  Expense 

When  you  use  Dickelman  Extra — your  roof  troubles  are  over.  Our  15-year  guaranty _ 

Stamped  on  every  roll — and  given  to  you  in  black  and  white  protects  you  absolutely.  It 
simply  means  that  you  will  have  no  more  roof  expense — no  more  roof  troubles — for  at 
least  15  years  after  the  date  you  purchase.  Most , 
likely  you  will  never  have  to  roof  the  same  building 
again. 


Plants  Require  the  Same 
Foods  but  in  Different 
Proportions 

Most  plants  require  more 
Potash  than  manures  or  com¬ 
plete  fertilizers  contain.  Clover, 
Corn,  Tobacco,  Fruit  and  Po¬ 
tatoes,  for  instance,  take  up 
large  amounts  of  Potash. 

We  have  prepared  valuable  books  on  this 
all-important  subject  of  fertilizers  ;  what  they 
are  and  how  to  mix  them,  filler  free. 

Potash  Pays,  whether  used  to  supplement  ma¬ 
nures  and  commercial  fertilizers,  by  itself,  or  in  a 
home-mixed  fertilizer.  Your  dealer  can  get  it  for 
you,  or  you  can  write  to  us  for  prices  on  any  quantity 
from  one  bag  (200  pounds)  up. 

GERMAN  KALI  WORKS,  Inc. 

Baltimore— Continental  Buildinrf  Chicago— Monadnock  Block 

New  Orleans — Whitney  Central  Bank  Building 


|  Be  An  Independent  Buyer  Spend  One  Cent  Foi* 

This  Big  FREE  Book 


A  Kaiamazog 

Direct  to  You  ' 


7  K  A  J>  E  MARK  REGISTERED 


-“And  Ga. 
Stoves,  Too” 


Oven  Thermom¬ 
eter  Makes 
Baking  Easy 


Our  Big  Free  Stove  and  Range  Book  gives  you  our 
factory  wholesale  prices  and  explains  all— saving  you 
85  to  $40  on  any  famous  Kaiamazo.  stove  or  range. 
_ including  gas  stoves.  Sold  ohly  direct  to  homes. 

Over  140.000  satisfied  cus¬ 
tomers  in  21,000  towns.  Over  400  styles  and  sizes  to  select  from. 

8100.000  bank  bond  guarantee.  We  prepay  all  freight  and  give  you 
—30  Days’  Free  Trial 
—360  Days’  Approval  Test 
-CASH  OR  CREDIT 

Write  a  postal  tor  our  book  today — any  responsible  person  can 
have  same  credit  as  your  home  stores  would  give  you — and  you  save 
fS  to  $40  cash.  No  hetter  stoves  or  ranges  than  the  Kalamazoo  could 
be  made — at  any  price.  Prove  it,  before  we  keep  your  money.  Be 
an  independent  buyer.  Send  name  for  Frrae  Catalogue  No.  $14, 

Kalamazoo  Stove  Company,  Mfrs.,  Kalamazoo,  Michigan 


A  BEAUTIFUL  FARM  FOR  SALE  iu  the  finest  fruit 
growing  and  trucking  section  in  the  world; 
fertile  soil  and  fine  climate;  also  a  beautiful  water 
front  farm  with  timber.  For  full  particulars  ad¬ 
dress  SAMUEL  P.  WOODCOCK,  Salisbury, 
Wicomico  County,  Maryland. 


IRH  parmo  FOR  SALE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
IUU  I  Cl  I  111  0  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horace  G.  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa. 


TRAPPERS  AND  HUNTERS. 


DI.EA8E  send  a  trial  shipmentto  theOldest  Com- 
1  mission  House  iu  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter 
Eggs,  Poultry.  Pork,  Calves.  Hay.  Grain.  Beans 
Appies.  etc.  K.  H.  WU0DWA1W,  302  UisBunioli  St.,  ,\.  ). 


CAT  p — Eighty-three  acres— Tweive- 
OrlHi-,  room  house  with  porch;  barn 
30  by  40,  with  annex  16  by  40;  new  lien  house  12  by 
30;  other  outbuildings;  fruit.  Buildings  are  in¬ 
sured  for  11,075.  Three  miles  from  railroad  town. 
Will  sell  to  prompt  purchaser  for  $1,200.  Terms, 
$400  cash,  the  balance  on  mortgage.  HALL'S 
FARM  AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  County,  New  York. 


Furs  are  high.  A  fact  which  you  are  all  probably  ac¬ 
quainted  with.  But  the  question  is.  Are  you  getting 
highest  market  value  for  yours  ?  Remember  we  do  not 
charge  any  commission;  pay  all  express  charges;  will 
hold  your  goods  separate  for  approval  of  our  valuation, 
when  requested,  and  if  not  satisfactory  will  return  and 
pay  all  charges.  Don’t  you  think  we  are  entitled  to  a 
trial  shipment  on  the  strength  of  the  foregoing  ?  For 
further  information  write  for  our  free  price  list  and 
Trappers’  Guide.  Make  us  a  trial  shipment  today. 

Abrohams  Fur  &  Wool  Co..  Fur  Merchants,  Seymour,  Wis. 


Virginia  Farms  and  Homes. 

FREE  CATALOGUE  OF  SPLENDID  BARGAINS 

R.  H.  CHAFFIN  4k  CO,,  Inc.,  Richmond, Va. 


MAN  ATEE- FLORIDA 


Where  fortune*  are  made  00  small  farms 
J»rgrowin£ Oranges.  Grape  Fruit  and  Veg¬ 
etables. 


owint 

lands  now  available.  Quick 
transportation — low  freight  rates  to  Eastern 
and  Northern  markets  via  S.  A;  L.  Ry.  Two 
and  three  crops  a  year,  net  $500  to  $1500 
per  acre.  Ideal  elimate  year  round  —  no 
X  freezes — no  extreme  heat.  Write  for  illus¬ 
trated  booklet — it's  free — address. 

J.  W.  WHITE,  Genl  Industrial  Aft. 

■  ■ABOARD  AIR  LINE  RV. 

Sj  NORFOLK  VA.  DEPT.  A 


88 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


January  21,  1911. 


grand  free  millwork  catalog 

Buy  Building  Material  at  50c  on  the  Dollar 

Direct  from  Our  Great  Millwork  Plant— No  Middlemen^ 


QUALITY,  SAFE  DELIVERY  AND  SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED 


n  y 


§  s  a 

Ul>J 


"Uncle  Sam1 
ii  Onr 
Traveling 

Mao 


5,000  Bargains  Ready 

Doors,  Windows,  Mouldings,  Flooring,  Frames,  Lumber,  Lath,  Shingles,  Roofing— Everything! 

We  are  selling  high-grade  guaranteed  Building  Material  of  every  description  at  50  cents  on  the  dollar.  If 
you  want  to  save  50  per  cent  of  the  prices  demanded  by  retail  dealers,  here  is  your  chance.  Simply  put 
your  name  and  address  on  the  coupon  and  “Uncle  Sam”  will  bring  you  our  Grand  Free  Catalogs  of  over 
5  000  Bargains— everything  required  to  put  up  a  new  building  or  modernize  an  old  one.  Here  in  our  great 
new  fireproof  plant,  built  of  solid  concrete,  we  carry  the  largest,  finest  stock  of  building  material  in  the  world. 

Build  That  House  or  Barn  NGW.and  Save  Money  in  Big  Chunks' 


w'  mini 


To  celebrate  the  completion  of  our  new  fireproof  plant,  we  have  started  a  sale  that  has 
startled  the  country.  So  great  are  the  price  reductions,  so  vast  and  varied  is  the  stock, 
so  wonderful  are  our  new  facilities  for  quick  shipment,  that  the  public  is  simply 
paralyzed.  If  you  are  ever  going  to  build,  if  you  are  ever  going  to  remodel  or 
repair  your  house,  barn  or  other  buildings,  if  you  are  ever  going  to  buy  Building 
Material,  now,  now,  now  is  the  accepted  time — the  supreme  opportunity  to 
save  big  money— to  make  every  dollar  go  twice  as  far  as  before.  Such  stu- 
a  pendous  bargains,  such  money-saving  offers,  such  high  quality  for  so  little 
money,  may  never,  never,  never  come  again.  Delay  may  cost  you  dearly. 


Three 

Big  Banks  Certify 
to  Our  Reliability! 

Scott  County  Savings  BanR 

Capital  9260,000  Surplus  9 1 60,000 

Davenport,  Iowa 


"1  T 


A 

Flight 
of  Stairs 
Complete  for 

9$ 


kOnr  prices  save  you  from  $S0  to  $125  on  stairs. 


Over  Half  a  Million  Customers! 

Solely  through  our  Grand  Free  Catalogs  and  the  Big  Values  offered 
therein,  we  have  built  up  a  patronage  extending  from  ocean  to  ocean. 
Over  half  a  million  satisfied,  enthusiastic,  loyal  customers  on  our  books ! 

You  can’t  put  your  finger  on  the  map  of  the  United  States  without 
locating  a  Gordon-Van  Tine  customer!  We  have  been  in  the  Building 
Material  business  since  1865.  Our  business  motto  is  the  Golden  Rule. 

Every  article  we  ship  is  guaranteed,  and  we  refund  every 
penny  and  pay  freight  both  ways  if  goods  are  not  absolutely 
satisfactory.  Three  big  banks  vouch  for  our  reliability.  See 
our  rating  in  Dun’s  and  Bradstreet’s  Commercial  Agencies. 
Ask  our  customers.  Get  the  3  Big  Free  Catalogs  and  see  prices. 


To  Whom  it  May  Concern: 

It  gives  us  greut  pleasure  to  testify  to  the 
reliability,  business  integrity  and  honesty  or 
Gordon- vnn  Tine  Co.  Their  financial  responsi. 
bili tv  is  well  ovrr  three  hundred  thousand  dollars 
($300,000.00),  and  they  enjoy  the  highest  credit 
with  western  Financial  Institutions. 

Wo  assure  prospective  customers  that  thoy 
aro  perfectly  secure  in  sending  the  money  with 
their  orders,  as  wo  understand  that  if  goods 
aro  not  entirely  satisfactory  they  may  be  re¬ 
turned  at  shippers’  expense  and  the  money 
will  be  promptly  refunded.  The  officers 
of  this  company  are  well  and  favorably 
known  to  us,  and  may  bo  relied 
upon  to  do  exactly  ns  they  agree. 

J.  H.  HASS,  Cashier. 


I 


IWe  Ship  Promptly.  Two 
railroad  tracks,  each  with  I 
double  loading  platform,  ex- 1 
tend  the  entire  length  of  our  I 
warehouses.  No  drnyagelf 


I 


|  Hl|] 


i. 


buys  Lumber,  Barn  Sash  and  other 
necessary  material  for  this  barn.  See 
Plan  Book.  We  sell  a  tremendous 
amount  of  barn  material— every  tiling 
from  foundation  to  cupola.  Our  prices 
enable  you  to  build  burns  ora  com¬ 
plete  set  of  farm  buildings  at  a  saving 
that  will  astonish  you.  Send  us  list 
of  materials  for  free  estimate  or  got 
our  great  Book  of  Plans  for  Farm 
Build ings  and  see  the  big  saving  we 
guarantee.  Tho  barn  shown  hero  is 
only  one  of  thousands  built  from 
Gordon-Van  Tine  materials.  Build 
that  buru  NOW  and  save  moueyl 


Cl  09 7  builds  this  8- room  house  complete. 
Vl,04f  We  will  furnish  you  all  tho  Lum¬ 
ber  and  Millwork,  including  plans,  for  $698. 


Plan  Book  FREE! 


(a  AT  A  builds  this  7-room  house  complete.  Wo 
*  *  will  furnish  all  Lumber  and  Millwork, 
including  plans,  for  $1,022. 


Over  50  Designs  for  Mouses,  Barns, 
Cottages,  Bungalows,  Granaries, 
Hog  Houses,  Poultry  Houses,  Etc. 

This  great  Plan  Book  wins  out  because  It 
is  practical  and  gives  the  latest  ideas  on 
farm  architecture.  Gives  complete  designs 
for  fifty  Houses,  Cottages,  Bungalows; 
Farm,  Dairy  and  Cattle  Barns;  Corn  Houses, 
Granaries,  Cattle  Sheds,  Hog  Houses, 
Wagon  Sheds,  Implement  Sheds,  Cribs, 
Automobile  Houses,  Poultry  Houses,  etc. 

Every  building  shown  Has  been  actually  built  at  tbe  prices  stated.  The  handsome 
houses  shown  at  the  right-hand  side  of  this  page  are  taken  from  our  Plan  Book.  Note 

the  low  cost  for  lumber  and  millwork!  The  book  is  free.  Send  10c  for  postage  and  mailing. 


UNBCR 

~  $100  to  $300  ^ 

on  Every  Carload  Shipped! 

Ask  for  our  Free  Lumber  List,  which  gives  cut 
prices  on  Bough  and  Dressed  Lumber,  Dimension, 

Joists  and  Timber,  Siding,  Flooring, 
ishing  Lumber,  Fencing.  Ship  Lap.  Lath,  Shingles, 
etc.,  etc.  Our  yards  are  connected  with  ~0 
different  railroads. 

Water-Proof  and  Fire-Resisting 

FLINT-COATED 

ROOFING 

Per  Roll  of  108 
square  feet  .  . 

1- Ply,  $1.00 

2- Ply,  $1.25 

3- Ply,  $1.50 

Another  big  cut  in  Roofing!  Millions 
of  feet  of  Flint-Coated  Roofing,  made 
of  genuine  Wool  Felt,  waterproofed 
with  Asphalt,  surfaced  with  Flint  and 
Mica— at  less  than  half  regular  prices, 
for  quick  clearance.  Every  roll  guaran¬ 
teed  6,  8  or  10  years,  according  to 

weight.  Ask  for  Free  Roofing  Catalog. - —  _  __ 

Bargains  in  Mantels  Grand  MlllWOl'k  Sale 


How  to  Remodel  Old 

Umuaaa  at  Very  Low  Cost 
IlUiiSGS  for  Materials 

Our  Grand  Free  Millwork  Catalog  gives 
valuable  ideas  for  modernizing  old  houses 
— tells  how  to  add  stairs,  porches,  mantels, 
plate  rail,  etc.,  etc.,  at  lowest  possible  cost. 
Costs  only  a  few  dollars  to  double  the 
attractiveness  of  an  old-fashioned  house. 


Estimates  FREE 

Send  List  of  Materials  Needed 
and  See  What  We  Can  Save  You 

Our  Estimating  Department  makes  no 
charge  forgiving  complete  itemized  figures 
on  material  for  any  kind  of  a  building. 
Send  list  of  materials  wanted,  or  figure  it 
out  yourself,  from  our  catalog. 


ilds  this  7-room  house  complete.  Wo 


$2614  will  furnish  all  Lumber  uud  Millwork, 
including  plans,  for  $1,057. 


Why  Pay  Two  Prices 

for  Millwork,  Lumber,  Etc.?  ".'“If™! 

.  ,  ...  f  «  •  •  ,  _ H.  _ _ «  _  9% 


M  flOO  builds  this  beautiful  bungalow  com- 
V*,*»vO  plcte.  We  will  furnish  all  Lumber  and 
Millwork,  including  plans,  for  $868. 


Buy  from  us  in  any  quantity— at  wholesale  prices — less'than  the  retail 
dealer  pays.  We  undersell  everybody  because  we  save  you  the  middle¬ 
men’s  profits.  Whether  you  buy  55  worth  or  15.000  worth,;  you  get  our 
lowest  prices,  and  our  guarantee  of  quality.  Safe  delivery  and  satisfac¬ 
tion  or  every  dollar  refunded. 


Beautiful  Mantels.  Grates 
and  Fireplace  Fittings  ah 
most  given  away.  You  will 
be  surprised  at  the  small  cost. 
Grand  Free  Catalog  gives  pic¬ 
tures,  prices  and  descriptions. 

Porch  Millwork 
SLASHED! 

Every  farm  home  should 
have  a  porch  — an  out¬ 
door  living  room.  But  up 
a  porch  at  small  expense. 

See  Catalog  for  prices  on 
all  porch  material. 


to  Celebrate  Completion  oi  Vast  New  Concrete  Warehouses 

These  special  prices  are  limited  to  this  Grand  Millwork  Celebration 
Sale— to  celebrate  the  completion  of  our  enormous  new  concrete  mill- 
work  plant.  NOW  is  your  opportunity  to  buy  at  a  tremendous  saving! 

Send  Your  Name  and  Address  at  Once! 

Write  Immediately.  Use  the  coupon  or  write  a  letter  or  postal.  This 
is  important.  Get  possession  of  the  great  money-saving,  price-cutting 
catalogs.  Get  your  name  on  our  Free  Mailing  List  for  extra  Bulletins  as 
fast  as  -they  are  issued.  (47) 


Colonial 
Porch  Column 

V 

GORDON-VAN  TIME  CO.,  2237  Case  St.,  Davenport,  Iowa 


GORDON-VAN  TINE  CO.. 

2237  Case  Street,  Davenport,  Iowa 

Please  send  the  FREE  BOOKS  checked  below  to 


Name. 


Address _ 

Occupation 


Any  of  following  books  free.  Check  the  ones  you  wish. 

□  MILLWORK  □  ROOFING  □  LUMBER 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4083. 


•NEW  YORK,  JANUARY  28,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR 


OUR  FARMERS’  HORSE  COMPANY. 

How  It  Was  Formed. 

I  was  busy  doing  up  the  work  in  the  dairy  house 
when  I  heard  a  horse  neighing  loudly  at  the  door.  I 
went  out  and  saw  one  of  the  finest  draft  colts  that 
ever  came  to  these  parts.  He  was  an  imported  Bel¬ 
gian,  chestnut  in  color,  with  silvery  mane  and  tail, 
and  although  less  than  three  years  old  he.  weighed 
1560  pounds.  His  mane  was  braided  and  tied  with 
red  ribbons,  and  his  tail  was  also  tied  up  with  the 
same,  and  he  wore  a  bitting  harness  of  white  leather 
which  trimmed  him  up  in  great  shape.  The  young- 
man  who  was  leading  him  was  very  polite,  and  said 
that  Mr.  Goodwin,  representing  the  Otto-Hoag  Im¬ 
porting  Co.,  had  sent  him  out  to  show  me  the  horse, 
and  that  Mr.  Goodwin  would  shortly  be  on  hand  to 
tell  me  about  him.  About  this  time  Mr.  Goodwin  put 
in  an  appearance  with  a 
livery  rig.  After  intro¬ 
ducing  himself  he  went 
on  to  explain  that  he  was 
organizing  a  company  to 
buy  the  horse,  and  pur¬ 
posed  that  this  company 
should  consist  of  12  men, 
each  to  buy  one  share 
at  $200,  making  the  price 
of  the  horse  $2400.  I 
suggested  that  $2400  was 
a  pretty  good  price  for 
a  colt,  but  Mr.  Goodwin 
explained  that  in  reality 
he  would  not  cost  us  a 
cent.  We  were  to  give 
our  notes  payable  in  three 
installments,  the  first 
payment  to  be  made 
April  1,  1912.  In  the 

meantime  the  horse 
would  be  kept  insured 

by  the  company,  and 
further  if  he  did  not 
prove  to  be  a  GO  per 

cent  foal-getter  he  would 
be  replaced  by  one  that 
was. 

At  this  stage  of  the 

conversation,  a 
book  and  a  fountain  pen 
came  upon  the  scene. 

The  little  book  contained 
a  contract  for  the  shares 
of  stock,  and  stated  that 
the  undersigned  agreed 
to  take  a  share  in  the 
horse  at  $200,  payable  in 
a  note  to  be  paid  as  I  have  said,  or  in  cash  at  the 
option  of  the  subscriber.  While  I  was  looking  at  the 
contract  Mr.  Goodwin  kept  talking  very  fast,  ex¬ 
plaining  how  the  horse  would  be  self-paying,  and 
there  was  the  beautiful  horse  right  before  me  to  prove 
it.  Then  the  thought  came  to  me  that  the  horses  in 
this  section  certainly  do  need  improving,  and  why 
should  I  not  help  to  do  it,  especially  as  it  wasn’t 
going  to  cost  anything?  The  book  was  right  in  my 
hand  and  the  pen  in  the  other,  so  it  was  very  easy 
to  sign  the  contract,  and  as  soon  as  I  had  signed  it, 

I  was  relieved  of  further  trouble,  for  Mr.  Goodwin 
bade  me  a  hasty  good-by  and  departed  with  the  beau¬ 
tiful  horse. 

The  next  day  Mr.  Goodwin  came  back  and  wanted 
me  to  go  with  him  to  show  the  horse  to  some  other 
men,  and  it  was  on  this  trip  that  I  began  .to  get  my 
eyes  open.  As  an  inducement  to  others  to  take  a 
share  in  the  horse,  I  began  to  figure  out  the  profits  on 


the  investment,  and  it  ran  about  like  this,  as  I  figured : 

Credit  by  30  colts  at  $20  each,  $600.  Debit  to 
keeping  horse  one  year  at  $1  per  day,  $365;  to  inter¬ 
est  on  $2400  at  six  per  cent,  $144;  to  bills  and  ad¬ 
vertising,  $25;  balance,  $66.  So  at  the  end  of  the 
first  year,  or  when  the  first  payment  of  $800  should 
be  due,  we  would  have  just  $66  to  pay  it  with.  This 
looked  very  much  as  if  each  man  would  have  to  go 
down  into  his  pocket  for  $61.17,  instead  of  paying 
nothing,  as  Mr.  Goodwin  had  represented.  Since 
then  I  have  gone  over  the  figures  with  men  who 
know,  and  they  tell  me  that  we  will  be  doing  all  the 
business  we  should  with  a  three-year-old  if  we  get 
30  colts  the  first  year,  and  further  that  the  manager 
of  the  horse  is  keeping  him  for  less  than  he  can 
really  afford  to  at  $1  per  day,  and  finally  that  if  the 
horse  pays  his  keep  and  six  per  cent  on  $2400  he 
will  be  doing  remarkably  well.  We  did  not  get  any 


subscriptions  that  afternoon.  After  going  ove.  he 
figures  in  my  mind  I  am  afraid  I  was  not  a  very 
good  solicitor. 

Several  days  went  by  before  I  heard  from  Mr. 
Goodwin  again,  when  I  was  called  to  the  ’phone  and 
asked  if  I  would  be  at  home  the  next  morning,  as  he 
wished  to  see  me.  The  next  morning  he  came  and 
said  that  the  subscribers  were  all  secured,  and  that 
we  would  hold  a  meeting  that  afternoon  to  organize 
the  company.  I  thought  it  very  kind  of  Mr.  Goodwin 
to  hire  a  livery  rig  and  drive  out  to  tell  me  this,  but 
another  paper  and  the  fountain  pen  came  into  evi¬ 
dence  again. 

‘‘Just  sign  this,  Mr.  Morse,  and  I  must  hurry  back 
to  attend  to  a  little  business  with  one  of  the  members 
of  the  firm  who  has  come  to  help  to  organize  the 
company.” 

I  took  the  paper  and  was  confronted  with  a  note 
of  $2400,  which  read,  ‘‘We,  the  undersigned,  jointly 


and  severally,  agree  to  pay,”  etc.  Arid  would  you 
believe  it,  that  note  had  been  signed  by  11  men,  some 
of  whom  I  knew  and  some  that  I  had  never  even 
heard  of!  No  company  had  been  formed,  the  sub¬ 
scribers  had  not  seen  each  other,  but  Mr.  Goodwin 
had  taken  care  to  get  them  each  to  sign  a  note  that 
made  them  individually  liable  for  the  whole  amount. 
The  pen  and  paper  were  just  as  handy  this  time  as 
before,  but  somehow  I  did  not  sign  the  note.  I 
handed  them  back  to  Goodwin  and  told  him  I  would 
see  him  on  the  way  to  Halifax  astride  the  Belgian 
colt  before  I  would  sign  it. 

But  I  had  an  idea  that  I  was  in  for  it  on  the 
subscription  contract,  so  I  went  to  town  early  and 
called  on  the  district  attorney  of  the  county.  He 
told  me  that  they  would  certainly  hold  me  for  a  share 
of  the  stock,  but  to  pay  the  cash  for  it  and  not  by 
any  means  sign  that  $2400  note.  There  was  a  time 

when  it  would  have  been 
quite  a  poser  for  me  to 
raise  $200  spot  cash 
without  any  previous  no¬ 
tice,  but  as  I  have  been 
fairly  punctual  in  meet¬ 
ing  my  obligations  in  the 
past,  I  was  able  to  pro¬ 
cure  the  money.  Then  I 
went  to  the  hotel  where 
the  meeting  was  to  be 
held  and  was  introduced 
to  Mr.  Axford — a  mem¬ 
ber  of  the  company.  He 
took  me  up  to  his  room 
and  went  over  the  propo¬ 
sition  in  his  best  man¬ 
ner,  but  I  told  him  it 
was  simply  useless  to  ask 
me  to  sign  the  note  and 
requested  him  to  drop 
my  name  from  the  list. 
This  he  refused  to  do, 
stating  that  I  had  signed 
for  the  stock  with  my 
eyes  open,  and  that  the 
whole  transaction  was 
perfectly  square  and 
above  board.  Then  I 
asked  him  if  he  had  any 
objections  to  my  giving 
a  history  of  the  deal 
to  The  Rural  New- 
Yorker,  and  he  replied 
that  he  was  perfectly 
willing  that  I  should  do 
so,  but  to  be  very  care¬ 
ful  that  I  did  not  mis¬ 
represent  anything,  as 
they  were  a  big  company  and  would  not  hesitate  to 
prosecute  me  if  I  slandered  them.  I  assured  Mr. 
Axford  that  I  would  be  careful  to  state  the  facts,  and 
also  that  The  R.  N.-Y.  people  were  rather  noted  for 
stating  all  the  facts.  I  further  asked  Mr.  Axford  if 
my  lawyer  would  be  allowed  to  attend  the  meeting  or 
to  see  the  contract  with  the  company,  and  he  re¬ 
fused  this  request,  also  saying  that  if  my  lawyer 
ever  saw  the  contract  it  would  be  in  court.  Then  we 
went  down  to  the  parlor,  where  we  met  the  other 
prospective  members  of  the  company  to  be  formed 
and  Mr.  Axford  called  us  to  order  and  proceeded  to 
organize  the  company.  After  the  meeting  was  over 
I  gave  Mr.  Axford  my  check  for  $200  in  payment  for 
my  share  in  the  horse,  and  of  course  I  am  still  liable 
to  assessments  on  my  stock  for  the  keep  of  the  horse, 
but  I  certainly  am  not  liable  for  the  $2400.  I  have 
stated  the  case  at  length  for  the  information  of  others. 
Madison  Co.,  N.  Y.  .  j.  grant  morse. 


BELGIAN  STALLION  OWNED  BY  A  FARMERS’  HORSE  COMPANY.  Fig.  32. 


©o 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


WORKMEN,  “  BACK  TO  THE  LAND.” 

A  leader  who  has  worked  a  piece  of  land  in  order  to  help 
out  his  earnings  in  the  shop  gives  this  advice  to  the  baek- 
to-the-landers.  This  man  has  hired  land  and  grown  crops 
at  odd  hours. 

The  thing  it  all  amounts  to  is  this:  Start  small, 
keep  out  of  debt,  and  hustle.  Many  would  not  think 
it  worth  the  trouble,  many  more  could  not  stand  the 
work,  and  many  more  still  have  families  that  are  a 
handicap  instead  of  help  in  any  such  venture.  About 
two-thirds  of  these  would-be  farmers  are  bound  to 
lose  all  they  put  into  farming.  I  think  it’s  because 
the  standard  of  living  is  too  high,  but  the  whole 
problem  will  solve  itself  in  time.  We  may  talk  and 
talk,  but  the  people  will  go  right  on  having  what  they 
want,  as  long  as  they  have  the  price,  regardless.  And 
if  they  have  not  energy  enough  to  want  anything, 
they  will  not  have  anything,  for  demand  does  create 
supply,  whether  the  demand  is  for  country  life,  fresh 
eggs  and  real  cream  on  our  oatmeal,  or  a  steam- 
heated  flat  and  electric  lights  and  the  moving  picture 
shows.  °-  H-  R- 

Massachusetts. 


MAKING  CEMENT  TILE  AT  HOME. 

rioase  give  instructions  for  making  cement  tile  at  home. 

Biddeford,  Me. 

Personally  I  have  had  no  experience  in  the  manu¬ 
facture  of  cement  tile,  but  I  have  taken  some  little 
pains  to  look  the  matter  up  with  a  view  to  purchasing 
a  machine  this  coming  season.  The  only  experiment 
station  publication  I  have  been  able  to  find  relating 
to  this  subject  is  Bulletin  55  of  the  Arizona  Station, 
which  deals  chiefly  with  cement  pipe  for  irrigating 
systems,  and  since  much  larger  pipe  are  required  for 
this  purpose  than  for  ordinary  farm  drainage  the 
data  as  to  costs  are  not  pertinent  to  our  conditions, 
although  the  general  details  of  manufacture  are  valu¬ 
able.  The  following  advice  is  given :  The  sand 
should  be  selected  with  great  care.  It  should  be 
free  from  clay  or  dirt  and  preferably  composed  of 
grains  of  varying  sizes.  Roughly  speaking,  the  strong¬ 
est  and  densest  sand  for  mortar  contains  two-thirds 
coarse  grains  and  one-third  much  finer  grains.  <■  A 
cement  should  be  selected  which  is  very  finely  ground, 
rather  slow  setting  and  of  unquestioned  soundness. 
The  sand  and  cement  should  be  mixed  dry  and  turned 
three  times  with  shovels.  Water  is  then  added  in 
amount  sufficient  to  bring  the  mortar  to  a  dry  con¬ 
sistency,  that  is,  in  such  condition  as  will  require 
much  tamping  to  cause  water  to  stand  on  the  surface. 
The  batch  should  be  turned  twice  or  three  times  and 
coned.  Labor  is  cheaper  than  cement  and  it  is  profit¬ 
able  to  work  the  mortar  thoroughly.  An  important 
feature  in  the  manufacture  of  cement  pipe  is  the  cur¬ 
ing.  About  24  hours  after  the  pipes  are  made  they 
should  be  sprinkled  with  water  so  long  as  they  seem 
to  absorb  it  freely.  For  a  week  or  10  days  there¬ 
after  they  should  be  wetted  every  day.  They  should 
be  cured  in  the  air  for  an  additional  week  or  two 
weeks  before  being  laid  in  the  ground. 

The  moulds  used  by  the  Arizona  Station  would  not 
be  adapted  to  the  making  of  drain  tile  because  of 
their  size,  although  smaller  sizes  might  be  obtained. 
I  have  manufacturers’  catalogues  at  hand  illustrating 
two  types  of  moulds.  One  type  has  an  outer  and 
inner  shell  equipped  with  devices  so  that  these  shells 
can  be  expanded  and  contracted.  The  shells  are  set 
up  and  the  cement  mixture,  made  up  dry  as  above 
mentioned,  filled  into  the  space  between  the  shells,  a 
little  at  a  time,  each  layer  being  thoroughly  tamped 
by  hand,  and  the  process  continues  until  the  mould 
is  full.  Then  the  outer  shell  is  expanded  and  care¬ 
fully  lifted  off  and  the  inner  shell  made  smaller  and 
pulled  out.  The  tile  of  course  cannot  be  handled 
much  until  the  cement  is  set.  These  moulds  are  not 
very  expensive,  but  their  capacity  is  not  large.  An¬ 
other  type  consists  of  a  machine  into  which  is  in¬ 
serted  a  mould  lined  with  a  flexible  inner  casing. 
Sufficient  cement  mixture  is  put  into  the  mould  to 
make  a  tile,  then  a  packer  is  turned  up  through  this 
mixture,  packing  if  firmly  against  the  inner  casing. 
The  mould  is  then  opened  and  the  tile  still  protected 
by  the  inner  casing  is  removed.  This  casing  is  left 
on  the  tile  for  about  three  hours,  when  the  cement 
is  hardened  enough  so  that  the  casing  may  be  removed 
without  injury  to  the  tile  and  used  again.  This  cas¬ 
ing  is  said  to  protect  the  tile  from  too  rapid  drying 
and  insures  a  perfect  tile  being  made  every  time  if 
the  cement  mixture  is  made  of  the  right  consistency. 
These  casings  are  not  expensive  and  enough  are  pro¬ 
vided  with  the  machine  so  that  the  operator  may  work 
continuously.  The  makers  of  this  machine  claim  for 
it  a  capacity  of  about  600  tile  per  day  when  operated 
by  hand  and  1,200  per  day  when  operated  by  power, 
the  concrete  being  prepared  for  the  operator  in  each 
case. 

A  mixture  of  one  part  cement  to  five  parts  sand 
is  recommended  for  tile  up  to  8  inches  diameter,  this 
size  requiring  a  one  to  four  mixture.  One  thousand 


three-inch  tile  are  said  to  require  about  two  barrels 
of  cement  and  \l/2  cubic  yards  of  sand.  From  the 
cost  of  these  materials  in  his  locality  one  can  easily 
compute  the  cost  of  making  tile.  For  our  conditions 
I  am  convinced  that  it  will  be  a  good  proposition  for 
us'  to  make  our  tile,  especially  since  we  need  quite 
a  little  help  in  the  Summer  and  it  is  quite  a  prob¬ 
lem  to  keep  the  men  employed  if  there  are  long 
periods  of  rainy  weather.  If  the  claims  of  the  manu¬ 
facturers  are  true  the  making  of  tile  will  enable  us 
to  keep  the  men  profitably  employed  at  such  times. 

Vermont.  e.  s.  brigham. 


A  NEW  YORK  OAT  CROP. 

Fig.  33  shows  a  picture  of  a  field  of  oats  grown  by 
It.  N.  Lewis  of  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.  They  look  like  oats, 
and  Mr.  Lewis  has  this  to  say  about  them: 

In  1908  this  14-acre  field  was  sown  to  peas  and  oats, 
no  fertilizer.  The  crop  was  a  failure.  In  1909  it  was 
again  sown  to  oats  (no  fertilizer)  and  produced  three 
small  loads.  Last  year,  1910,  it  came  in  my  pos¬ 
session  and  I  thought  I  would  see  if  I  could  do  as 
well  as  the  former  manager.  The  last  week  jn  March 
I  plowed  one-half  acre,  using  a  sulky  plow  turning  a 
12-inch  furrow  five  inches  deep.  The  day  following 
it  was  harrowed  with  an  Acme  harrow  in  the  same 
direction  it  was  plowed,  and  the  day  after  it  was  sown 
broadcast  with  55  pounds  of  oats,  top-dressing  cost¬ 
ing  $1.65.  It  was  then  harrowed  twice  in  one  direction 
with  the  Acme  harrow.  The  day  following  it  was 
sown  broadcast  with  one  bushel  of  50  pounds  of 
Clydesdale  oats,  and  harrowed  twice  across  the  fur¬ 
row  with  the  Acme.  The  soil  is  sandy  loam  and 


A  HUDSON  VALLEY  OAT  CROP.  Fig.  33. 


gravel.  It  was  a  perfect  even  stand;  1  never  saw  its 
equal.  Still  I  think  if  I  had  sown  the  bushel  of  seed 
on  one  acre  it  would  have  been  still  better;  many  of 
the  heads  were  12  inches  long.  This  one-half  acre 
yielded  in  bulk  twice  as  much  as  the  14  acres  did  last 
year,  and  thrashed  out  47  bushels  of  42  pounds  to 
the  bushel.  I  cannot  give  the  date  of  harvesting,  but 
it  was  about  a  week  earlier  than  my  neighbors  har¬ 
vested  theirs.  R-  N.  lewis. 

Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y. 

VETCH  IN  NEW  JERSEY. 

I  have  been  reading  in  The  R.N.-Y.  of  an  Indiana  man’s 
success  with  Hairy  or  Sand  vetch  as  a  soil  restorer. 
Would  you  advise  planting  in  this  section  of  New  Jersey? 
My  land  is  of  a  clay  body  and  a  stiff  top  soil.  Could  I 
plant  this  vetch  in  corn  at  the  last  cultivation?  This 
would  be  the  middle  of  July,  and  then  have  it  to  plow 
under  the  next  Spring  and  plant  to  corn  again.  I  would 
like  to  coin  this  field  two  seasons.  I  have  just  plowed 
under  a  stiff  sod  of  clover  and  Timothy  and  expect  to  put 
30  bushels  of  lime  to  the  acre.  f.  t. 

Salem  Co.,  N.  J. 

We  have  used  Winter  or  Hairy  vetch  at  the  New 
Jersey  Station  here  for  several  years,  chiefly  as  a 
cover  crop,  with  most  excellent  results.  It  is  more 
hardy  than  Crimson  clover,  and  is  especially  adapted 
for  use  in  the  central  and  northern  portions  of  New 
Jersey,  due  to  its  hardiness  and  its  usefulness  as  a 
gatherer  of  nitrogen.  In  all  of  our  cornfields  last 
year  we  used  the  following  mixture,  which  was  seeded 
with  a  Cahoon  seeder  just  prior  to  the  last  cultiva¬ 
tion  of  the  corn  during  the  latter  part  of  July.  The 
mixture  was  as  follows:  40  pounds  of  wheat,  25 
pounds  of  Winter  vetch,  and  secured  a  most  excel¬ 
lent  stand  in  all  the  fields.  A  smaller  amount  than 
this  can  be  satisfactorily  used,  say  30  pounds  of  wheat 


January  28, 

and  15  pounds  of  vetch  per  acre,  depending  of 
course  upon  the  cost  of  the  mixture.  Two  years  ago 
we  used  a  mixture  consisting  of  30  pounds  of  rye, 
15  pounds  of  Winter  vetch,  six  pounds  of  Crimson 
clover,  and  two  ounces  of  turnip  seed,  and  were  able 
to  plow  under  in  the  Spring  in  all  these  fields  a 
most  excellent  cover  crop.  The  turnips  were  pulled 
and  fed  as  a  sort  of  succulence  for  the  cows  in  the 
Fall,  and  the  remainder  plowed  under  during  the 
latter  part  of  April,  and  the  field  seeded  to  corn 
about  May  10.  We  have  always  used  W  inter  vetch 
with  good  results  as  a  mixture  with  rye  for  use  as 
forage  for  the  dairy  herd;  the  mixture  being  50 
pounds  of  rye,  25  pounds  of  vetch;  the  same  when 
seeded  during  the  month  of  September  can  easily 
be  fed  during  the  first  week  in  May.  A  more  desir¬ 
able  mixture  for  use  as  forage  would  be  wheat  and 
vetch,  as  the  two  products  mature  more  evenly,  and 
make  even  more  palatable  forage.  It  is  common  prac¬ 
tice,  especial  ly  in  the  section  F.  T.  writes  from,  to 
use  vetch  as  a  cover  crop,  and  it  is  possible  as  he 
suggests  to  grow  corn  two  years  in  succession  on  the 
same  soil  by  means  of  a  cover  crop  of  this  mixture. 
It  would  be  well  to  cover  the  growing  mixture  dur¬ 
ing  the  Winter  months  with  a  light  coating  of  man¬ 
ure  if  possible  in  order  to  secure  a  little  earlier  start 
of  growth  in  the  Spring,  and  furthermore  if  the 
application  was  put  on  late  in* the  Fall,  very  little 
food  nutrients  would  escape  by  leaching  at  that  time. 
The  expense  of  the  above  mixture  ranges  from  $1.25 
to  $1.50  per  acre,  but  this  is  well  worth  while  in  my 
judgment,  and  is  easily  restored  when  one  considers 
the  nitrogen  that  is  accumulated  and  stored,  and  like¬ 
wise  values  the  condition  of  the  soil  made  possible  by 
the  added  humus.  On  two  of  our  small  fields  we 
cut  the  rye  and  vetch  for  use  as  green  forage,  and  it 
made  most  excellent  feed  for  the  dairy  herd,  and  in 
one  instance  where  the  rye  ripened  and  was  in  the 
woody  stage  before  being  harvested,  we  cut  this  for 
use  as  bedding.  The  vetch  can  be  purchased  for  ri/2 
cents  per  pound  as  a  rule,  and  when  seeded  just 
prior  to  the  last  cultivation  of  the  corn  makes  suffi¬ 
cient  growth  to  withstand  the  Winter,  and  is  one 
of  the  first  plants  to  start  growth  in  the  Spring.  Our 
experience  so  far  goes  to  show  that  it  is  a  most  prom¬ 
ising  legume.  There  is  a  distinct  advantage  of  seed¬ 
ing  a  mixture  of  rye,  vetch  and  Crimson  clover,  due 
to  their  variation  in  hardiness,  as  vetch  has  success¬ 
fully  pulled  through  where  the  Crimson  clover  was 
winter-killed,  while  the  rye  serves  as  an  excellent 
support  for  climbing  vetch.  F.  c.  minklek. 


“L.L.D.”— LIME,  LEGUMES,  AND  DRAINAGE. 

Keep  up  your  articles  on  lime  (stone  vs.  burnt) 
and  drainage  (by  machinery).  As  to  the  legumes  (to 
be  specific.  Alfalfa)  I  don’t  feel  too  certain  since 
reading  in  Bulletin  125  of  Texas  Agricultural  Ex¬ 
periment  Station,  by  G.  S.  Fraps,  chemist,  the  table 
given  below  showing  that  Alfalfa  removes  more  min¬ 
eral  fertilizer,  both  potash  and  phosphorus,  from  the 
farm  per  acre  (and  cotton  less)  than  any  other 
crop :  $46.35  worth  as  against  $9.14  of  corn  and  $32.61 
for  cane,  the  next  nearest.  Just  think  of  that!  In¬ 
stead  of  L.  L.  D.,  after  a  dozen  years  or  so  of  Alfalfa, 
your  farm  has  the  degree  of  L.  D.  (lame  duck).  But 
you  have  not  told  us  anything  about  that!  Let’s  hear 
from  you  on  that  point. 

Table  No.  1. — Plant  Food  Removed  by  Crops  in  rounds 
per  Acre. 

Phosphoric  Nitrogen  Potash  Valua¬ 
tion 


Acid 

Per  at  re. 

Coin,  40  bu.  corn  and  cob.  . 

19 

38 

T3 

89.14 

Wheat.  25  bu . 

13 

29 

s 

0.77 

Oats,  40  bu . 

10 

05 

7 

5.77 

Cotton,  250  lbs  lint . 

O.l 

0.8 

0. 

7  .20 

Potatoes,  Irish.  100  bu  .  .  . 

10 

20 

r.o 

(  .56 

Potatoes,  Sweet,  200  bu.. 

20 

28 

72 

10.84 

Alfalfa,  4  tons  . 

50 

183 

143 

40.35 

Sorghum,  3  tons . 

29 

84 

134 

25.74 

Sugar  cane,  20  tons . 

15 

1  53 

44 

32.01 

Onions,  30,00  lbs . 

3  i 

72 

72 

20.21 

Rice,  1,900  lbs . 

12 

23 

5 

5.39 

A  part  of  the  nitrogen  in  Alfalfa  comes  from  the  air. 
Texas.  george  w.  colles. 


R.  N.-Y. — Take  the  figures  as  they  stand.  The  Al¬ 
falfa  stubble  and  roots  remaining  in  the  soil  where  it 
grew  will  contain  more  nitrogen  than  the  cotton 
land — after  the  lint  and  seed  are  removed.  You  do 
not  give  the  amount  of  nitrogen  in  cotton  seed.  Our 
advice  is  to  feed  the  Alfalfa  on  the  farm  and  put 
the  manure  back.  If  this  is  done  there  is  little  if 
any  loss  of  plant  food.  Practically  all  the  potash  and 
three-fourths  of  the  phosphoric  acid  in  the  Alfalfa 
go  back  to  the  land  in  manure.  In  such  event  what 
does  it  matter  if  the  Alfalfa  does  take  plant  food 
from  one  field  and  carry  it  to  another?  The  nimble 
dollar  beats  the  sluggish  one  for  investment.  Not 
only  is  this  so,  but  the  Alfalfa  with  its  long,  deep 
roots  draws  a  good  share  of  its  plant  food  from 
down  deep  in  the  subsoil,  while  most  of  the  other 
crops  mentioned  feed  in  the  surface  soil  almost  en¬ 
tirely.  Thus  the  Alfalfa  helps  in  another  way  by 
bringing  up  this  reserve  of  plant  food  where  other 
crops  can  use  it.  So  far  as  nitrogen  is  concerned,  the 
Alfalfa  on  average  soils  will  take  care  of  itself.  You 
may  sell  off  the  Alfalfa  hay  and  still  have  a  gain  in 
nitrogen.  As  for  the  potash  and  phosphoric  acid,  $10 
will  buy,  in  the  form  of  chemicals,  all  of  these  min¬ 
erals  that  the  four  tons  of  Alfalfa  contain.  In  fact 
$6  worth  of  these  chemicals  on  soils  of  good  fertility 
would  keep  up  the  yield  if  required.  Alfalfa  with  us 
is  worth  $16  per  ton.  The  four  tons  named  will  bring 
at  least  $60.  Where  do  you  get  a  better  interest  on 
your  investment  than  by  spending  an  average  of  $8 
in  chemicals  to  get  $60  worth  of  hay?  No  “lame 
duck”  about  Alfalfa.  Besides,  Alfalfa  is  not  the  only 
legume.  What  about  vetch.  Crimson  clover  or  cow 
peas,  which  may  be  grown  as  “catch”  crops  and  all 
plowed  under? 


1911-. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


FARM  HELP  FOR  KANSAS. 
Prospects  For  Securing  Work. 

Last  Spring,  while  in-  a  large  city  in  the  State  of  New 
York,  I  heard  of  a  number  of  men  who  claimed  to  be  work¬ 
ing  for  Kansas  wheat  growers  who  were  employing  all 
classes  of  inexperienced  help  to  harvest  the  crop  in  the 
wheat  belt,  from  Kansas  northward.  They  were  offering 
.$3.50  to  $5.50  per  day  to  young  men  who  never  did  any¬ 
thing  harder  than  keep  books,  and  were  to  put  them  at 
manual  labor.  In  some  cases  I  know  transportation 
charges  were  advanced.  I  was  personally  acquainted  with 
some  who  hired  out,  but  since  I  have  never  been  fortunate 
enough  to  interview  them  I  am  unable  to  find  out  whether 
any  money  was  advanced  to  these  men  for  securing  em¬ 
ployment  or  not.  I  wish  to  know  whether  help  is  really 
so  scarce  in  the  wheat  belt  during  harvesting  time  that 
every  lom,  Dick  and  Harry  can  secure  employment  at 
such  fabulous  wages,  or  is  there  some  scheme  to  get  men 
to  go  and  then  pay  them  low  wages  which  one  would  be 
compelled  to  accept  by  signing  contracts.  If  men  are  em¬ 
ployed  there  could  you  tell  me  where  to  apply  in  the 
Spring  to  secure  employment,  as  I  intend  to  go  there  next 
Spring  on  a  visit  to  friends  if  I  could  secure  work. 

Connecticut.  s>  A 

As  to  young  men  coming  to  get  jobs  in  Kansas  and 
their  being  paid  exorbitant  wages,  there  is  more  or 
less  truth  in  the  statement,  but  such  a  condition 
applies  only  to  certain  circumstances  and  for  a  very 
limited  time.  In  wheat  harvest,  which  may  last  for 
three  or  four  weeks,  and  begins  from  June  10  to  20, 
the  farmers  pay  from  $2.50  to  $4  per  day,  with  board. 
Many  young  men  from  eastern  colleges  come  here 
at  that  season,  and  as  a  rule  they  make  excellent 
harvest  hands ;  but,  of  course,  in  the  general  scramble 
for  hands  a  great  many  quite  worthless  fellows  are 
liable  to  be  gathered  up 
and  on  arrival  here  are 
found,  from  one  cause 
or  another,  unsuited  for 
the  work.  I  doubt  if 
many  of  the  fellows  who 
are  soliciting  men  in  the 
East  for  this  work  have 
any  authority  to  do  so 
unless  it  is  from  rail¬ 
road  companies  who  de¬ 
sire  the  traffic  the  trans¬ 
portation  of  these  men 
back  and  forth  would 
make. 

As  a  matter  of  fact, 
parties  wanting  work  of 
any  kind  in  Kansas  do 
not  need  to  obtain  their 
information  from  irre¬ 
sponsible  strangers.  The 
State  has  an  official,  Mr. 

Charles  Harris,  Director 
of  the  State  Free  Em¬ 
ployment  Bureau  at  To¬ 
peka,  who  has  this  whole 
business  in  hand,  for 
which  no  charge  is  made, 
and  those  who  communi¬ 
cate  with  him  or  transact 
their  business  through 
him  can  be  sent  directly 
and  without  delay  to  em¬ 
ployers  who  are  ready  to 
set  them  at  once  to 
work.  But  employers  do  not  pay  any  railroad  fare, 
and  the  railroads  give  no  reduced  rates  to  anyone. 

1  he  law  fixes  the  fare  in  Kansas  at  two  cents  per 
mile,  and  there  are  no  rebates  and  no  free  passes. 

The  harvest  begins  earliest  in  the  southern  coun¬ 
ties  of  the  State,  and  those  who  go  there  at  the 
beginning  and  gradually  work  toward  and  into  Ne¬ 
braska  have  employment  for  several  weeks.  While 
Kansas  at  harvest  time  needs  many  hands  and  pays 
and  feeds  them  well,  they  are  expected  to  give  in  re¬ 
turn  a  lot  of  hard  and  wearisome  "work  in  days  that 
are  long  and  very  warm,  and  if  any  fellow  in  the  East 
thinks  by  coming  here  he  will  strike  a  soft  snap  yield¬ 
ing  a  fortune  in  a  single  season,  to  be  spent  later  in 
riotous  living  in  an  Eastern  city,  he  is  likely  to  be 
disappointed.  But  if  he  has  the  right  stuff  in  him  an 
excursion  to  the  great  wheat  fields  of  the  Middle  West 
may  prove  an  invaluable  and  broadening  experience 
worth  even  more  than  the  considerable  shekels  he 
can  gather  to  himself  in  the  meantime.  It  should  be 
understood  that  such  wages  as  are  mentioned  above 
are  only  paid  in  harvest,  and  have  no  relation  to  wages 
paid  at  other  seasons  and  for  other  work. 

F.  D.  COBURN. 


grow  wheat,  corn,  oats  and  hay.  I  have  about  70 
acres  of  sandy  soil  that  is  adapted  to  potato  growing. 
Nine  acres  of  potatoes  last  year  produced  1,125 
bushels.  We  did  not  have  rain  enough  when  they 
were  setting.  I  had  three  acres  of  muck  ground  that 
produced  725  bushels,  making  1,S50  bushels  on  12 
acres.  I  contracted  my  potatoes  early  in  the  season 
to  haul  right  from  the  field  to  car  for  50  cents  per 
bushel.  Last  year  I  raised  1,450  bushels  on  seven 
acres.  There  is  a  large  muck  swamp  west  of  my ' 
place ;  they  have  it  drained  and  are  raising  thousands 
of  bushels  of  potatoes. 

I  use  medium  size  potatoes  for  seed.  I  treat  seed 
for  scab.  I  made  a  tank  to  hold  15  bushels,  made 
one  end  sloping  so  I  can  take  potatoes  out  with  a 
vegetable  fork.  I  use  corrosive  sublimate  and  water, 
enough  to  cover  potatoes;  leave  in  about  two  hours; 
set  a  crate  on  tank  and  fill  with  fork.  They  are  left 
in  crates  and  hauled  to  field  to  plant.  We  plant  with 
planter;  one  man  feeds  the  potatoes  in  the  machine, 
which  cuts  each  potato  in  four  pieces,  drops  them  15 
inches  apart  and  covers  them.  I  prefer  a  clover  sod 
for  potatoes.  W  e  harrow  the  ground  once  or  twice 
before  they  come  up,  according  to  condition  of  ground. 

I  used  the  weeder  both  ways  until  quite  large,  which 
is  a  good  tool  for  potatoes  or  corn.  I  cultivate  as 
often  as  necessary  until  tops  are  full  grown.  I  spray 
three  or  four  times  with  Bordeaux  and  arsenate  of 
lead  paste.  The  sprayer  covers  five  rows  and  three 
sprays  on  each  row.  We  spray  for  blight  and  bugs. 
Bugs  were  not  bad  last  year.  I  use  a  digger  with  four 
horses,  eight  or  ten  men,  and  load  a  car  in  two  days. 


its  value  is  due,  has  grown  as  high  as  100  acres  of  it 
in  one  season,  and  claims  an  average  gain  on  all  his 
soils  of  50  per  cent.  In  the  Winter  of  1907  an  ice 
gorge  covered  one  of  his  fields  with  ice  which  lay 
there  for  a  long  time,  but  the  vetch  was  in  no  way 
harmed.  j.  H.  haynes. 

Carroll  Co.,  Ind. 


SPRAYING  AN  INDIANA  POTATO  FIELD.  Fig.  34. 


The  buildings  shown  in  picture,  Fig.  34,  belong  to 
my  neighbor  across  the  road,  who  also  grows  potatoes. 
I  like  to  grow  potatoes,  but  the  price  has  been  a 
little  uncertain  for  the  last  two  years.  I  did  not  keep 
account  of  the  cost  of  production,  but  am  satisfied 
with  results.  T.  c.  KISER. 

DeKalb  Co.,  Ind. 


A  SHORT  POTATO  STORY. 

My  father  moved  to  this  country  in  1S48.  I  was 
eight  months  old,  and  have  lived  nearly  all  my  life 
on  this  farm.  This  was  a  very  heavily  timbered  coun¬ 
try ;  land  was  then  worth  $1.25  per  acre,  now  it  is 
worth  $125  per  acre.  The  soil  is  mostly  clay,  but 
produces  well  when  tiled  and  handled  right.  Farmers 


TRY  A  VETCH  EXPERIMENT. 

That  vetch  may  be  well  tested  we  suggest  the  fol¬ 
lowing  experiment:  Let  oats  be  sown  on  well-pre¬ 
pared  soil  in  the  Spring,  and  after  these  are  harvested 
let  the  land  be  well  disked  so  as  to  have  it  loose  and 
moist  when  the  time  comes  to  sow  the  vetch.  In 
August  or  early  September  drill  in  30  or  40  pounds 
of  vetch  seed  per  acre,  the  vetch  to  be  left  unpastured, 
and  in  the  Spring  of  1912  plowed  under  and  corn  or 
potatoes  planted.  Or  if  preferred  plant  corn  and  then 
in  August  drill  in  the  vetch,  which  is  to  be  treated  as 
above.  The  difficulty  is  in  plowing  the  cornstalks 
under  in  the  Spring.  To  make  this  easy  they  should 
be  broken  to  the  ground  while  frozen,  and  then  with 
rolling  cutter  the  whole  mass  can  be  turned  under. 
W  e  intend  doing  both  this  year.  If  only  five  acres  is 
used  in  the  experiment  a  fair  test  can  be  had.  We 
feel  safe  in  saying  100  per  cent  can  be  gained  in 
yields,  regardless  of  soils  or  previous  crops,  by  con¬ 
tinuing  its  use.  It  has  been  tested  here  for  five  years 
on  some  of  the  very  poorest  clay  and  sand  soils,  and 
on  river  bottom  land,  with  great  yields  on  all  of  them. 
This  was  not  in  small  plots,  but  in  fields  of  12,  31  and 
50  acres  each.  Mr.  Smith,  to  whom  this  discovery  of 


APPLES  IN  A  NEW  ENGLAND  CELLAR. 

Could  you  advise  the  writer,  who  has  just  started  in 
with  a  400-tree  orchard,  what  the  possibilities  are,  for 
the  storing  of  his  apples  for  later  selling  on  his  own 
premises  under  the  following  conditions.  I  have  a  barn 
40x80,  which  usually  is  tilled  with  hay  in  the  Winter. 
Could  the  cellar  he  made  to  store  aonles  into  the  freez¬ 
ing  weather,  and  what  care  would  have  to  be  taken  in 
reference  to  the  temperature?  My  man  does  not  live  on  the 
piemises,  but  about  half  a  mile  away.  What  quantity  of 
fruit  would  I  have  to  handle  in  order  to  make  it  profit¬ 
able  for  me  to  invest  in  the  necessary  equipment,  to  keep 
a  storage  for  my  apple's  up  into  December  and  January? 
Do  the  apples  have  to  be  resorted?  How  are  they  stored, 
in  barrels  or  in  a  bin?  Is  there  any  covering  that  could 
be  put  over  apples  to  prevent  them  from  freezing  in  a 
building  without  heat?  Do  apples  keep  better  in  a  bin 
or  in  barrels?  L  D 

New  Hampshire. 

In  relation  to  the  storing  and  handling  of  apples 
so  much  depends  upon  the  man  behind  the  apple  that 
unless  one  could  thoroughly  understand  the  local  con¬ 
ditions  perhaps  an  intelligent  answer  might  be  hard 
to  give.  But  to  take  up  the  questions  in  order,  there 
are  a  number  of  fruit  cellars  under  barns  used  by 
apple  growers  here,  where  apples  may  be  kept  the 
entire  W  inter  and  come  out  in  very  good  condition 
in  the  Spring,  and  are  especially  valuable  for  the 

handling  of  fruit  to  be 
sold  early,  viz.,  before 
New  Yea  r’s.  They 
should  be  sheathefl  with 
matched  boards  over 
head  and  the  walls  filled 
with  concrete  or  mortar, 
the  more  exposed  the 
thicker  the  walls,  as  a 
barn  which  sits  high 
above  ground  has  a 
colder  cellar  than  where 
it  is  more  near  the  level 
of  the  ground.  In  re¬ 
gard  to  temperature,  the 
cellar  should  be  opened 
cool  nights  and  closed  in 
all  warm  weather,  and 
not  allowed  to  warm  up 
so  as  to  sweat  the  fruit. 
The  temperature  should 
be  kept  as  near  the 
freezing  point  as  possi¬ 
ble.  So  much  depends 
upon  the  quality  of  tl;e 
fruit  stored  and  local 
markets  that  an  intelli¬ 
gent  answer  is  hard  to 
give.  Here  very  many 
windfalls  can  be  stored 
and  sold  later  at  a  profit 
both  in  the  Boston  and 
local  markets.  Resort¬ 
ing  will  depend  entirely 
on  the  quality  of  the 
fruit  and  how  soon  it  is  sold.  Strictly  No.  1  apples 
can  be  kept  into  January  and  sold  without  repacking, 
yet  as  apple  picking  time  is  a  very  busy  season  the 
apples  can  simply  be  sorted  and  then  repacked  to 
good  advantage  when  sold.  I  prefer  barrels  for 
storing,  as  the  fruit  is  much  more  easily  handled 
when  ready  to  repack  or  sell,  yet  they  will  keep 

either  way  if  cellar  is  fairly  moist  and  cool.  I  would 

much  prefer  to  put  in  bins  in  a  rush  or  shortage  of 

barrels  than  to  turn  upon  the  ground  unless  they 

were  to  be  immediately  packed.  I  would  cover  es¬ 
pecially  if  in  bins,  and  cover  with  anything  which 
will  keep  out  the  cold.  Of  course  apples  should  be 
covered  so  as  to  be  kept  clean  whatever  other  cov¬ 
ering  may  later  be  used.  If  the  air  is  very  dry 
apples  shrink  more  in  bins  than  barrels,  and  being 
more  exposed  to  the  air  do  not  always  come  out  as 
bright  as  in  clean  barrels.  Although  a  fruit  cellar 
of  this  kind  may  not  be  the  best  that  can  be  built, 
yet  if  lighted  well  enough  to  wrork  in  and  only  at 
those  times,  or  kept  dark  when  not  used,  I  think  it 
would  be  a  paying  investment  when  one  had  400  bear¬ 
ing  trees  or  even  less.  If  a  good  packing  room  can 
be  included  this  would  also  be  an  improvement,  yet 
these  are  matters  for  each  individual  to  decide  for 
himself.  Of  course  the  way  a  man  wishes  to  handle 
the  selling  of  his  fruit,  whether  right  from  the  trees, 
or  later  when  he  has  more  time  to  handle  it  and  per¬ 
haps  a  better  market,  is  the  controlling  factor  in 
deciding  how  much  he  can  afford  to  invest  in  storage 
facilities.  h.  o.  mead. 

Massachusetts. 


eu 


January  28, 


FARMERS’  CLUB 


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FARMS  IN  THE  BASHFUL  STATE. 

All  the  big  farm  enterprises  are  “out 
West,”  are  they?  They  do  some  little 
business  at  Fillmore  Farms,  in  Vermont, 
as  this  statement  shows : 

“We  usually  raise  from  600  to  800 
tons  of  silage  corn  and  have  always 
had  very  good  success  with  it.  All  pro¬ 
ducts  of  our  place,  which  is  a  large  one, 
we  try  to  have  fed  out  on  it,  and  are 
carrying  now  quite  a  large  stock,  num¬ 
bering  about  700  sheep,  150  horned 
cattle  and  30  horses.  Our  specialty  is 
the  Dorset  sheep  and  so-called  “hot¬ 
house”  lamb.  We  usually  grow  several 
thousand  bushels  of  oats;  this  oast  year 
made  an  average  of  52.3  bushels  per 
acre.”  c.  c.  .tones. 


Interplanting  Apples. 


THE  1-?  I J  HAL  NEW-YORKER 


SOY  BEANS  IN  PENNSYLVANIA. 

After  reading  considerable  in  the  farm 
papers  about  Soy  beans  1  grew  inter¬ 
ested  and  decided  to  give  them  a  trial, 
so  sent  to  one  of  the  leading  Philadel¬ 
phia  seedsmen  for  a  packet  each  of 
llollybrook  Early  and  Mammoth  Yel¬ 
low,  which  I  sowed  in  rows  about  three 
feet  apart  May  20.  On  account  of  poor 
seed  3nd  cool  wet  weather  the  latter  did 
not  come  up  very  good  and  made  a 
poor  stand,  but  what  was  there  made  a 
large  growth,  but  was  a  little  too  late 
to  ripen  seed.  It  also  made  a  spreading 
growth,  and  was  blown  down  sooner 
than  the  early  variety,  but  for  green 
feeding  it  would  be  fine.  1  would  con¬ 
sider  it  too  coarse  in  the  stalk  to  cut 
for  hay  unless  it  would  grow  more  slim 
in  the  stem  if  it  was  sown  thicker. 
Some  of  the  stems  had  grown  to  nearly 
an  inch  in  thickness.  The  Hollybrook 
Early  came  up  well  and  the  plant  was 
more  of  an  upright  grower,  some  of 
the  plants  having  a  main  stem  with  a 
number  of  short  branches  which  were 
well  loaded  with  well-fitted  pods. 
Others  had  more  of  a  spreading  habit 
and  had  very  few  pods.  The  seed  was 
well  ripened  before  the  first  hard  frost, 
but  we  did  not  have  early  frosts  last 
Fall.  1  am  now  saving  seed  from  the 
plants  having  an  upright  growth,  which 
1  will  sow  this  year  to  grow  seed  for 
a  crop  in  1612.  1  think  if  we  can  grow 

a  variety  of  an  upright  growth  and  one 
that  stands  up  well,  we  can  cut  it  and 
tie  it  in  bundles  with  a  grain  binder. 
Many  of  the  stalks  were  four  feet  long. 
According  to  the  yield  of  this  row  of 
Hollybrook  Early  it  would  have  yielded 
about  3-1  bushels  to  the  acre.  It  seems 
to  me  that  some  varieties  of  Soy  beans 
could  be  greatly  improved  by  selection. 
The  green  plants  are  greatly  relished 
by  cattle  and  hogs,  and  the  poultry  are 
very  fond  of  the  ripe  beans,  and  they 
soon  get  busy  when  a  few  stalks  are 
thrown  into  their  pen.  J.  H.  K. 

Lancaster  Co.,  Pa. 


Field  for  Potatoes. 

J.  W.  M.,  Windham,  O.— Will  you  advise 
me  as  to  which  of  the  two  following  fields 
is  best  adapted  to  raising  potatoes?  One 
was  in  oats  last  year;  oats  stubble  was 
disked  and  sowed  in  rye  this  Fall.  The 
other  field  is  an  old  Timothy  meadow.  Both 
have  same  kind  of  soil.  I  expect  to  plow 
rye  under  next  Spring  and  plant  one  field 
in  potatoes  and  other  in  corn. 

Ans. — Without  knowing  more  about 
it  we  should  put  potatoes  where  the  rye 
is  now  growing.  Plow  early  and  crush 
the  rye  down  hard  with  a  roller,  and 
put  the  potato  seed  right  down  in  the 
decaying  rye.  Our  chief  objection  to 
the  old  meadow  is  the  fact  that  such 
fields  arc  quite  sure  to  be  full  of  white 
grubs.  They  will  do  more  damage  to 
the  potatoes  than  to  the  corn.  ‘ 


Protecting  Trees  From  Rabbits. 

Is  there  anything  we  can  use  to  protect 
our  trees  in  a  country  where  the  snow  is 
very  deep  and  the  rabbits  run  on  top  of  it? 

Ans. — Rabbits  are  very  plentiful 
around  my  orchard,  yet  I  have  never 
had  any  trees  damaged  by  them.  If  in¬ 
quirer  can  get  plenty  of  animal  blood 
from  some  slaughtering  establishment 
and  give  the  trees  a  thorough  applica¬ 
tion  of  it  on  trunks  and  lower  limbs  I 
am  sure  it  would  prevent  any  further 
damage.  I  think  a  strong  solution  of 
lime  and  sulphur  would  do  the  same. 
Veneer  tree  protectors  are  best;  tread 
the  snow  down  around  the  trees,  and 
leave  the  protectors  on  during  Summer 
to  prevent  sunscald  on  the  bark  of  the 
young  trees.  a.  a.  halladay. 

Vermont. 


Lime-sulphur  may  be  used,  but  is  not 
proof  against  rain  or  heavy  snows. 
There  is  no  danger  in  using  a  very 
strong  solution  of  the  commercial  prod¬ 
uct,  and  1  have  used  the  stock  solution 
without  any  injury  to  the  trees.  I  con¬ 
sider  it  an  efficient  protection  against 
rabbits.  Frederick  cranefield. 

Wisconsin. 

A  coat  of  lime-sulphur,  about  one  to 
nine,  will  keep  the  rabbits  from  eating 
the  branches  of  apple  trees.  Of  course 
the  application  must  he  thorough ;  it 
must  cover  the  branches  all  around. 

Wisconsin.  c.  vollenweider. 


Peas  and  Oats  for  Grain. 

Is  it  profitable  to  sow  peas  with  oats 
when  grown  for  grain?  Grain  to  be  ground 
and  fed  to  cows  and  horses,  and  straw  to 
be  used  for  fodder  and  bedding.  Would 
you  sow  oats  and  peas  together  or  plow 
peas  under?  H.  o. 

New  York. 

We  should  certainly  add  Canada  peas 
to  the  oats.  They  will  add  to  the  value  of 
either  hay  or  grain,  and  leave  the  soil  bet¬ 
ter.  Scatter  the  peas  first  and  plow  or 
disk  them  under.  Then  drill  in  the  oats 
or  broadcast  and  harrow  in. 


REASONS  WHY 


BLANCHARD’S 


BRAND’* 


Spraying 


ateriais 


ARE  THE  BEST 


/•’.  Q.,  Winchester,  T’o. — I  have  a  10-acre 
orchard  of  Yellow  Transparent,  Red  Astra- 
chan  and  Wealthy  trees  three  years  planted. 
Trees  are  set  33x33  feet.  1  am  thinking, 
of  interplanting  on  the  hexagonal  plan 
next  Fall  with  Rome  Beauty,  Stayman  and 
King  David.  Would  you  so  advise?  Land 
here  is  limited. 

Ans. — It  might  he  a  good  plan  to  in¬ 
terplant  the  varieties  mentioned,  for  they 
are  very  good  ones,  and  the  trees  will 
not  overbear  and  die  early  as  will  those 
already  in  the  orchard,  except  the  Red 
Astrachan,  which  makes  a  durable  tree. 
Resides,  the  Rome  Beauty,  Stayman 
and  King  David  are  Winter  apples  and 
are  therefore  more  valuable  commer¬ 
cially.  They  all  succeed  in  Virginia. 
The  main  trouble  will  be,  as  I  see  it, 
that  the  young  trees  will  not  he  likely 
to  flourish  as  they  should  among  the 
older  ones,  supposing  that  the  latter  are 
of  bearing  age.  If  they  were  only  re¬ 
cently  planted  the  young  trees  will  have 
an  equal  chance  with  them. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEM  AN. 


BECAUSE  BlB,Kha,d  is  tl,e  OLDEST  manufacturer  of 


BECAUSE  B,*,,c,wrd  **  tl,e  LARGEST  manufacturer  of 


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agricultural  8pra\*in  the  world, 
m chard  is  the  only  firm  whose. 

•sk  is  manufacturing  sprays  and iusscticldes. 

BECAUSE  B*a,,c*,ard  l*10  manufacturer  of  a  COM- 


BECAUSE  liifilirljanl  i*  the  only  firm  whose  exclusive  bua- 


PLETE  LINE  of  agricultural  spr«.v 

nrp  Alice  Msnehftrd’s  are  the  moat  PERFECTLY 
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SOME  BLANCHARD  PRODUCTS 

LION  BRAND  Lime-Sulphur  LION  BRAND  Kerosene 


Solution  Emulsion 

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Every  successful  grower  knows  lie  must  sprav  to  have 
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NO.  1,  FOR  $6.00 

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10  Jonathan  Apple,  1  year  2  to  3  feet 


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100  Apple,  select,  1  year,  3  to  four  feet 
10  Spitzenberg  30  Winesap  10  Rome  Beauty 
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sat 


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A  complete  line  Apple.  Pear,  Plum,  Peach  and  Small  Fruits 

Readers  of  this  paper  are  familiar  with  the  values 
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FRUIT  TREES 


and 


Eldorado  Blackberries,  Strawberry 
Raspberry  Plants.  Catalog  free. 

BARNES  BROS.  NURSERY  CO. 

Box  8,  Yalesville,  Conn. 


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TREES,  SHRUBS  and  ROSES 


Large  J 

a  Full  Line  of  the  BEST  Spray  Bumps,  and 
Spray  Material.  Prices  Low  and  Satisfac¬ 
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our  Customers.  Write  for  Price  List. 

CALL’S  NURSERIES,  Perry,  Ohio. 


Save  MONEYonTrees 


PIONEER 


SaS 


by  ordering  direct  from  the  nursery.  We  can 
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order.  Send  us  a  list  of  your  wants  for 
wholesale  prices.  Everybody  write  for 
free  illustrated  catalogue. 

2  APPLE  TREES.  1  McIntosh  and  1 
lianana,  sent  postpaid  for  25  cents. 

Maloney  Bros.  &  Wells,  Box  13  Dansville,  N.  Y. 


450.000 


liOU  1  Hriettcs.  Also  Grnpc.  Small  Fruit.,  etc.  Best 

rooted  stock.  Genuine,  cheap.  sample  currants  mailed  for  lOo. 

Catalog  free.  LEWIS  ItOKSCH  A  SON,  Box  k  ,  Krcdonla,  N.  V. 


UDlllT  TDUEC  Pears,  Bartlett,  Seckel  and  others. 
rltUIl  Hitt'  Cherric.  and  I’liim*.  all  standard 
varieties.  Peaches  grown  from  buds  from  bearing 
stork.  Get  wholesale  prices  direct  from  us ;  also  $1  Lot 
Offers.  Free  Catalog.  Prize  Hampshire  sheep.  Write 
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CLOVER  TIMOTHY  TiS  Si! 


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TO  SELL  TREES  AND  PLANTS  ERIES,  Rochester,  N.  Y 


TREES 


CATALOG  FREE 


-150  ACRES.  Genesee  Valley 
grown.  ''Not  the  cheapest,  hut 
tiie  best."  Never  have  had  San 
Jose  Scale,  tistablisliiti  1869. 

GEO.  A.  SWEET  NURSERY  CO., 

20  Maple  St.,  Dansville,  N.  Y. 


capacity. 

It’s  simply  a  question  whose  spraying  materials  to  use. 
Those  who' know  will  have  none  but  BLANCHARD'S 


LION  BRAND,  because  of  their  scientific  formulas, 
perfection  in  manufacture,  and  dependable  uniformity 
in  quality  and  effectiveness.  Buy  from  your  local  dealer 
or  write  to  us  and  refuse  to  allow  any  one  to  substitute 
any  other  brand. 

LION  BRAND  PRODUCTS  ARE  GUARANTEED  UNDER  THE 
INSECTICIDE  ACT  OF  1910  BY 


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Black's  Peach  Trees-191 1 


Peach  Trees  are  one  of  our  specialties — we 


1 


dircct.saving  middleman's  profits.,  »  ■  i  , 
New  booklet,  "Springtime  and  ,31113016 
'raaflMr1'  Harvest  for  the  Fruit-grower,"  free,  jj  .  «  ■ 

Joseph  H.  Black,  Son  &  Co.  DOOKlGT 
BoxV^HightstowiuNcwJlerscj^  j-  pj-gg 


PLANT  HARDY  TREES 


Healthy,  acclimated,  high  grade,  true  to  label  fruit  trees 
and  plants  for  Northern  States  at  wholesale  prices,  direct 
from  nursery  to  planter.  Send  for  catalogue. 

CELERY  CITY  NURSERIES.  DeskS,  Kalamazoo,  Mich. 


Peach  and  Apple  Trees 


For  fall  or  spring  planting.  Prices  right;  tock 
right.  MYER  &  SON,  Bridgeville,  Del. 


Hardy  Highland  Nursery  Stock 


Acclimated  to  Northern  climate  Always  true  to 
label.  No  scale  ever  found  in  our  Nursery.  Send 
for  catalog.  L.M.KMPIK,  Box  A.  Johnstown.  NY. 


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Save  middlemen's  expense  and  get  them 
fresh  dug.  Catalog  free. 

NURSERYMAN,  DANSVILLE.  N  Y. 


WM.  J.  REILLY, 


CATALPA 


SPECIOSA 
TREES 


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all  about  the  iso  acres  I  am  growing  for  telephone  pol*'s. 

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FOR  ALL  KINDS  OF 

CLOVER  and  FIELD 
SEEDS  also  HARDEN, 
FLOWER  SEEDS 
and  Implements 

Write  to  this  Old  Reliable 
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mailed  you  on  application. 


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pect  to  double  it  this  year.  Your  money  bask  if  corn  is 
not  satisfactory,  lti  ilara  to  teat  it.  Can  send  either 
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W.  N.  SCARFF,  New  Carlisle,  Ohio 


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SALESMEN  WANTED 


191 1 


The  rural  new-yorker 


A  TALK  ON  CORN  BREEDING. 

il.  P.  D Stoopi'illc,  Pa. — I  would  like 
your  opinion  in  regard  to  the  causes  of 
a  marked  prevalence  of  barren  cornstalks 
in  our  corn  in  the  last  two  years.  I  first 
grew  this  variety  in  1904,  resembling  “White 
Gourd,”  or  “Double  A.  Bristol,”  and  it  grad¬ 
ually  improved  in  quantity  and  quality  per 
acre  until  1908,  when  I  estimated  crop  at 
60  bushels  per  acre,  it  has  been  my  aim, 
through  seed  plot  selection  and  partly 
through  field  selection,  to  improve  this 
variety.  In  1908,  probably  not  more  than 
five  per  cent,  of  barren  stalks  prevailed,  in 
1909,  perhaps  15  per  cent.,  and  in  loio, 
very  likely  20  per  cent.  The  two  last  years 
have  been  very  dry  during  tasseling  and 
ear  production,  aud  did  not  reach  more  than 
35  or  40  bushels  per  acre,  grown  on  rather 
high  rolling  ground,  such  as  the  Hope  Farm 
man  speaks  of  in  his  disappointment  in  too 
frequent  cultivation.  Notwithstanding  the 
crop  of  1910  being  poor  (aud  our  seed  plot 
"nearly  a  complete  failure),  I  found  some 
very  finely  developed  Individual  stalks  and 
ears  throughout  the  field.  Would  it  be  ad¬ 
visable  to  plant  from  these,  grown  among 
this  large  percentage  of  barren  stalks,  and 
by  so  doing,  should  I  lose  what  has  been 
gained  during  preceding  years? 

There  are  many  factors  caus¬ 
ing  barrenness  in  corn,  plants,  such  as 
lack  of  development  from  poverty  of 
soil,  too  close  planting,  the  attacks  of 
insects,  particularly  the  destruction  of 
the  young  silks  before  pollination  by 
the  larvae  of  the  boll-worm  moth,  par¬ 
tial  self-sterility  of  the  variety,  and  last 
but  most  likely  in  this  instance,  the 
stunting  effect  of  drought,  especially  at 
blooming  time.  Hot,  dry  winds  at  this 
season  have  a  notoriously  evil  influence 
on  the  tender,  unfertilized  silks,  young 
anthers  and  even  on  the  pollen  grains 
themselves.  Indeed,  the  desiccating  ef¬ 
fects  of  hot,  dry  air  on  the  silks  and 
tassels  at  this  most  critical  period  of 
crop  development  is  the  greatest  ob¬ 
stacle  to  profitable  maize  culture  in 
arid  regions,  even  when  abundant  irri¬ 
gation  to  maintain  soil  moisture  is 
available.  In  this  instance  the  droughty 
weather  that  prevailed  throughout  prac¬ 
tically  the  whole  growing  season  would 
appear  quite  sufficient  explanation  of 
the  unsatisfactory  yields,  though  the 
possibility  of  lessened  vitality  from  too 
close  breeding  in  the  seed  plots  should 
be  borne  in  mind.  In  seed  plot  cultures 
it  is  usual  to  de-tassel  all  weak  or  ap¬ 
parently  barren  stalks  before  their  pol¬ 
len  is  shed,  and  thus  the  progeny  is  con¬ 
fined  to  a  reduced  number  of  indi¬ 
viduals,  including  those  most  precocious 
in  ear  development.  This  narrow  se¬ 
lection,  without  doubt,  makes  for  in¬ 
creasing  productiveness  under  favorable 
conditions,  but  if  too  diligently  fol¬ 
lowed  occasionally  leads  to  partial  self- 
sterility  in  the  resulting  strain.  The 
maize  plant  largely  depends  on  cross¬ 
pollination  for  permanent  vigor,  and  if 
too  many  of  the  seed  kernels  result 
from  self  or  close-pollination,  as  may 
be  the  case  in  seed-plot  selection,  there 
may  be  progressive  self-sterility.  Con¬ 
sidering  all  the  circumstances  of  the 
above  case,  however,  we  should  have 
little  fear  in  using  the  well-developed 
ears  found  in  the  field  crop  for  seed 
next  year.  W  hile  some  of  the  kernels 
may  have  been  pollinated  from  stalks 
producing  no  ears,  it  may  well  chance 
that  these  plants  were  merely  checked 
in  development  by  lack  of  moisture. 
There  is  little  fear  of  losing,  in  a  nor¬ 
mal  growing  year,  all  or  even  much  that 
has  been  gained  by  past  close  selec¬ 
tion,  but  it  would  be  a  wise  precaution 
to  also  plant  as  a  check  some  seeds  of 
the  same  variety  grown  elsewhere,  if 
they  can  be  procured.  This  might 
prove  a  useful  comparison.  w.  v.  f. 

LARGE  AND  SMALL  POTATO  SEED. 

I  wish  to  say  a  few  words  in  refer¬ 
ence  to  the  closing  sentence  of  the 
item  on  page  1136  regarding  an  English 
contest  in  which  gardeners  compete  in  j 
an  effort  to  obtain  the  largest  possible  ' 
yield  of  potatoes  from  a  single  pound 
of  seed.  The  item  closes  with  the  state¬ 
ment  :  “These  Englishmen  conclude 
that  these  results  show  that  big 

seed  pieces  are  not  necessary.” 

I  have  for  years  been  advocating  the 
use  of  large  seed  pieces  and  practicing 
the  same  to  the  extent  of  planting  whole 
large  tubers.  Yet  I  willingly  admit  the 
conclusion  the  Englishmen  arrived  at  is 
a  right  one.  But  at  the  same  time  I 


believe  such  experiments  as  these  that 
led  to  the  conclusion  quoted  are  prac¬ 
tically  valueless,  and  the  conclusion  re¬ 
sulting,  however  correct,  is  in  its  gen¬ 
eral  application,  extremely  misleading. 
Large  seed  pieces  are  not  necessary  to 
large  yields.  But  it  should  be  remem¬ 
bered  that  small  seed  pieces  are  not 
contributing  factors  to  large  yields, 
while  large  seed  pieces  may  be  and 
usually  are  sueh.  The  Englishmen  ob¬ 
tained  very  large  yields  from  very  small 
seed  pieces,  but  it  was  not  because  of 
but  in  spite  of  the  small  seed  pieces. 
We  are  told  that  in  another  contest, 
with  slightly  larger  seed  pieces,  lower 
yields  were  obtained.  We  are  not  told, 
however,  that  these  results  were  ob¬ 
tained  side  by  side  on  the  same  ground 
or  even  by  the  same  men,  and  com¬ 
mon  sense  assures  us  they  were  not. 

The  great  majority  of  experiments  in 
this  country,  conducted  by  trained  men 
at  agricultural  experiment  stations,  have 
shown  that  the  larger  the  seed  piece  the 
larger  the  yield  per  acre,  other  things 
being  equal.  The  question  is  one  of 
economy.  At  what  point  will  the  cost 
of  heavier  seeding  equal  the  value  of 
increase  in  yield?  That  is  the  danger 
line  we  should  not  pass,  and  its  place  is 
fixed  by  several  factors,  such  as  price 
of  seed  and  probable  value  of  crop, 
fertility  of  soil,  etc.  We  read  much  of 
late  about  raising  calves  without  milk. 
It  can  certainly  be  done.  But  for  ordi¬ 
nary,  can  art  improve  upon  nature,  as 
to  economy  and  effectiveness?  It  is 
about  the  same  with  this  potato  ques¬ 
tion.  There  are  soils  and  conditions 
where  the  use  of  finely  cut  seed  is  ad¬ 
visable,  but  for  ordinary,  a  larger  seed 
piece  supplying  nature’s  own  prepared 
food  for  the  young,  growing  potato 
sprout,  will  prove  better. 

The  potato  sprout  very  quickly  sends  i 
out  rootlets  into  the  soil,  and  when 
this  is  very  fertile  find  well  adapted  to 
the  crop  the  sprout  will  little  miss  the 
cutting  off  of  its  natural  food  supply 
by  the  division  of  the  parent  tuber  into 
many  small  pieces:  But  on  less  fa¬ 
vorable  soil  this  robbing  may  so  stunt  i 
the  early  growth  as  to  preclude  the 
possiblity  of  a  maximum  yield.  1  have 
been  told  of  experiments  wherein  the 
planting  of  whole  large  tubers  gave  less 
marketable  yield  side  by  side  with  rows 
planted  with  cut  seed,  but  on  inquiry 
found  the  whole  large  seed  had  been 
planted  the  same  distance  apart  in  the 
row  as  the  cut  seed,  which  was  planted 
closely.  Of  course  the  experiment  re¬ 
sulted  misleadingly.  The  result  should 
have  been  expected.  The  larger  the 
seed  pieces  the  farther  apart  in  the  row 
should  they  be  planted.  On  my  own 
farm  I  am  confident,  from  rather  close 
observation  for  many  years  and  from 
a  carefully  conducted  comparative  ex¬ 
periment,  that  extended  through  a 
period  of  ll  years,  that  I  get  better 
results  by  planting  whole  large  tubers 
in  hills  three  feet  apart  each  way,  cul¬ 
tivating  both  ways  and  selecting  seed 
at  digging  time  from  best  hills.  Dif¬ 
ferently  located  and  with  different  con¬ 
ditions  I  might  possibly  find  it  advisable 
to  change  my  practice  as  regards  seed¬ 
ing.  I  should  not  want  to  drop  the 
selection  of  seed  under  any  conditions; 
but  that  is  another  story. 

H.  ERNEST  HOPKINS. 
Crawford  Co.,  Pa. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


83 


TESTED  AND  PROVEN 


SEEDS 


.  PHILADELPHIA.  PA. 
Stand  for  Purity  and  Quality.  The  result 

of  38  years’  experience  in  testing,  and 
proving  the  best.  Our  GARDEN  AND  FARM 
MANUAL  for  1911  tells  all  about  them. 
Mailed  tree  to  seed  buyers  who  write  for  it. 

JOHNSON  SEED  COMPANY, 

217  Market  St..  Philadelphia.  Pa. 


Seeds,  Plants,  Roses, 


Bulbs,  Vines,  Shrubs,  etc. 
Hundreds  of  car  lots  of 
FRUIT  and  O  R  N  A  - 
3IENTAI,  TREES.  1.200 
acres.  50  In  hardy  Roses, 
nonebettergrown.  44 green¬ 
houses  of  Palms,  Ferns, 
FicuB»  Geraniums  and 
other  things  too  numerous 
r  T  to  mention.  Seeds,  Plants, 

Rulbs,  Roses,  Small  Trees,  etc.,  by  mail,  post¬ 
paid.  Safe  arrival  and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Immense  stock  of  SUPERB  GANNAS,  the 
queen  of  bedding  plants.  Acres  of  Paeoniasand 
other  Perennials.  50  choice  collections  cheap  in 
Seeds,  Plants,  Roses,  etc.  Elegant  168 -page 
Catalog  FREE.  Send  for  it  today  and  see  what 
values  we  give  for  your  money.  Direct  deal  will 
Insure  you  the  best  at  first  cost.  57  years.  (11) 
The  Storrs  &  Harrison  Co.,  Box  156,  Painesville,  0. 


MAULE’S  SEEDS 

ONCE  GROWN  ALWAYS  GROWN 

is  the  reason  why  for  many  years  past  I  have 
done  sueh  an  enormous  seed  business.  79,430 
customers  in  Pennsylvania  alone,  with  almost 
half  a  million  the  world  over.  My  New  Seed  Book 
for  1911  is  a  wonder;  contains  everything  in 
seeds,  bulbs  and  plants  worth  growing.  Weighs  12 
ounces;  600  illustrations,  4  colored  plates,  176 
pages.  Any  gardener  sending  bis  name  on  a 
postal  card  can  have  it  for  the  asking.  Address 

WM.  HENRY  MAULE 
1707-09-11  Filbert  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

5  cen,s  (stamps)  and  mention  this 
paper  and  I  will  enclose  in  the  catalogue 


Burpee9 s  Seeds  Grow! 

And  the  Burpee- Business  Grows  ! 

If  you  would  like  to  read  about  the  Best  Seeds  that  can  be  Grown  and  the 
Largest  Mail-Order  Seed  Trade  in  the  world,  you  should  write  to-day  (a  postal 
card  will  do)  for  The  35th  Anniversary  Edition  of  THE  LEADING  AMERICAN  SEED 
CATALOG.  A  bright  new  book  of  174  pages, —  it  is  free  to  all  who  appreciate 

impb  *  a  c  Liress  W  At/ee  Burpee  &  Co.,  Philadelphia 


Dreer's  Garden  Boqk[ 

DESCRIBES  over  1200  varieties  of  Flower-seeds,  2000 
kinds  of  Plants,  600  varieties  of  Vegetables,  besides 
hundreds  of  Shrubs,  Climbers.  Roses,  Aquatics.  Lawn 
Grasses,  etc.,  etc.  288  large  pages,  nearly  1000  illustrations, 
f  n-  ?•  cbiotone  plates.  500  cultural  articles  by  experts 
telling  in  plain  language  exactly  how  to  grow  Flowers’ 
V  egctablcs.  Plants,  etc.  A  garden  classic  for  three-quarters 
of  a  century. 

Sent  free  to  anyone  mentioning  this  publication. 


I>K  K  EK’S  OltCII  I  D.Fl.OW  EKED  SWEET  PEAK 

These  aie  the  aristocrats  of  the  Sweet  Pea  family  and  just  as  easy  to 
grow  as  the  ordinary  sort.  Flowers  of  extraordinary  size,  with  wavv 
petals,  usually  borne  four  to  a  spray.  A  mixture  containing  all  colors. 
10c  per  packet;  15c  per  oz.  'Garden  Book"  free  with  each  order. 

HENRY  A.  DRF/FR  Chestnut  Street, 

-rv*  A-'TVEbrblV,  PHILADELPHIA. 


NORTH RUP.  KING  Sc  CO.'S 

Sterling  cloverSeed 

SELECTED  FOX  Pt/R/TY 

0™  STERLING  BRAND  CLOVER  SEED  is  the 
cleanest  and  purest  obtainable;  it  is  Minnesota 
a  “as  been  Pro<iuced  from  plants  which  have 
thawinp  Of 6  JXtTeme  winter  and  the  alternate  freezing  and 

jy¥  so  wing"  ^  ^..vigorous 

may  be  grown  in  northern 
sections  where,  until  recently 
it  was  not  thought  possible  for 
it  to  survive.  Our  seed 
when  grown  farther  south  is 
more  productive,  of  greater 
vitality  and  the  hay  is  of  bet¬ 
ter  quality  than  from  seed  pro¬ 
duced  elsewhere. 


HUBER 

GAS  TRACTOR. 


An  all-round  farm  tractor. 
Intended  to  take  the  place  of 
teams  for  plowing,  and  for 
hauling  all  farm  machinery. 

Also  a  fine  belt  power  for 
running  small  thresher,  baler, 
feed  cutter,  saw  mill. 

Uses  a  surprisingly  small 
quantity  of  gasoline. 

Built  for  heavy  duty,  but  in 
construction  is  equal  to  the 
finest  marine  or  automobile 


Head  more  about  all  kinds  of  clover  in 
?.u5„27tJ1  ANNUAL  CATALOGUE 
It  tells  of  the  value  of  various  clovers  for 
different  purposes,  their  adaptability  to 
soils,  how  to  handle  them,  etc.  This 
handsomely  illustrated  144  page  book  is 
full  of  valuable  information  on  the  best 
varieties  of  seed  for  the  garden,  field,  farm 
and  lawn.  It  will  be  mailed  without 
Al n DT l iniirUAriYi «  «  _  charge  on  request.  Write  for  it  today. 

N0RTHRUP,  KING  &  CO  Sp^d^mpn  105  bridge  square 
_  7  "  w  Je easmen  Minneapolis,  Minnesota 


engine. 


Backed  by  most  ample  guar¬ 
antee  and  our  forty  years’  ex¬ 
perience  building  fraction 
engines. 

Full  information  on  request. 

The  Huber  Manufacturing  Co. 


G46  Center  Street, 


MARION'  OHIO 


Dibble’s  Seed  Potatoes 

havo'in  storo  Wn’  fUl1  °f  vi*°r’  carefullr  selected,  give  splendid  crops,  and  at  this  writing 

60,000  BUSHELS 

31  Varieties,  as  follows: 

18, <)()()  bushels  Pedigree  Stock  Irish  Cobblers 


12,000 

2,500 

<{,000 

3,000 

2,000 

4,000 

5,000 


44 

44 


44 

4fc 


Green  Mountains 
Early  Ohios 
Rose  varieties 
Bovees 
Queens 

American  Giant; 

Sir  Walter  Raleighs 


°i  ot,ier  standard  kinds,  as  well  as  several  thousand  bushels  of  new 
varieties  that  have  been  pronounced  ° 


by  customers  in  many  States. 

I\  c  are  Headquarters  forSeed  Potatoes,  Oats,  Corn,  Bariev,  Alfalfa,  Clover  and  Grass 

him  A  A  AV  f  V.AUi  -l  re  FI(,\HT’  as  we  shiP  thousands  of  bushels  annually  from  our 
lbuo-acte  Seed  I*  at  ms  direct  to  the  consumer. 

w-y  m  om  ()ur  19U  Farm  Seed  Catalog,  the  leading  strictly  Farm  Seed  Book  of  tho  year 
I.  ■■  B.  I.  Two  mighty  valuable  little  books  written  by  Mr.  Dibble,  as  follows:  "Dibble 
M  Bl  on  the  Potato,  giving  twenty  years' experience  ill  growing  potatoes. 

1  M  9.  Wj  nibble  on  Alfalfa,”  telling  bow  to  grow  alfalfa  in  the  East  successfully. 

^ ™  These  three  books  are  yours  for  the  asking.  Write  that  postal  NOW, 

- ADDRESS - 


EDWARD  F.  DIBBLE,  Seedgrower,  Box  B,  Honeoye  Falls,  N.  Y. 


«4 


January  2S, 


THE  RURAL  KEW-YORKER 


A  CROP  FOR  MULCH  MATERIAL. 

B.  R.,  Meahoppcn ,  Pa. — What  crop  would 
you  suggest  to  grow  entirely  for  mulch 
to  be  used  on  strawberries?  Would  Canada 
field  peas  and  oats  give  more  material 
than  millet,  or  would  millet  and  Canada 
field  peas  make  a  good  combination?  Would 
Kaffir  corn  grow  well  in  this  section  of 
country,  and  could  two  crops  be  grown  in 
one  season? 

Ans. — All  things  considered,  Japan¬ 
ese  millet  is  about  as  good  a  “mulch 
crop”  as  you  can  grow  on  a  small  farm. 
This  millet  will  make  a  heavy  growth 
in  good  land,  and  can  be  put  in  after 
early  potatoes  or  peas,  or  even  early 
sweet  corn  or  in  an  old  strawberry 
field.  We  would  not  sow  Canada  peas 
with  the  millet.  In  order  to  get  a  full 
growth  of  millet  you  must  seed  it  too 
early  for  the  peas  to  do  well.  The  best 
mulching  crop  we  ever  had  was  cow- 
pea  vines,  but  they  do  not  make  growth 
enough  to  supply  the  mulch.  Kaffir 
corn  will  grow  well,  but  ordinary  corn 
will  give  you  more  feed. 

COMMISSIONER  PEARSON’S  REPORT. 

The  eighteenth  annual  report  of  the  New 
York  State  Department  of  Agriculture  was 
given  out  January  16.  The  report  of  the 
finance  bureau  shows  a  total  expenditure 
through  the  Department  of  Agriculture  of 
$704,352.61.  Of  this  amount  $252,231.78 
was  distributed  to  county  and  town  fair 
societies  as  partial  reimbursement  for  pre¬ 
miums  paid  for  the  encouragement  of  agri¬ 
cultural  production.  $94,317.10  was  paid 
in  indemnities  for  animals  taken  by  the 
State  on  account  of  bovine  tuberculosis. 
$27,324.80  was  paid  as  indemnities  for 
horses  killed  suffering  with  the  disease  of 
glanders.  $51,439.01  was  spent  through  the 
Bureau  of  Horticulture  and  Nursery  Inspec¬ 
tion.  It  is  pointed  out  that  the  work  of  the 
Department  yields  also  a  considerable  rev¬ 
enue  to  the  State,  aggregating  last  year 
in  excess  of  $100,000. 

One  thousand  seven  hundred  and  twenty- 
five  cases  for  violation  of  the  agricultural 
law  have  been  referred  to  the  Attorney- 
General.  EHve  hundred  and  nineteen  were 
relative  to  oleomargarine.  The  Department 
is  making  strenuous  efforts  to  prevent  the 
sale  of  this  article  as  butter  in  violation 
of  the  statute.  Four  hundred  and  fifty- 
one  cases  related  to  adulterated  milk  and 
cream ;  most  of  these  represented  samples 
containing  less  than  the  State  standard  of 
fat  due  to  the  addition  ol'  water  or  skim¬ 
ming.  Two  hundred  and  sixty-one  cases  re¬ 
lated  to  pure  food  violations ;  162  cases  to 
illegal  traffic  in  bob  veal,  breaking  of  quar¬ 
antines  and  other  violations  of  law  relat¬ 
ing  to  animals  and  animal  diseases.  One 
hundred  and  forty-one  cases  related  to  vine¬ 
gar,  75  to  commercial  fertilizers,  25  to 
cattle  feeding  stuffs  and  33  to  turpentine. 
The  remaining  58  were  for  violations  of  the 
law  relative  to  illegal  shipments  of  nursery 
stock,  small  size  apple  barrels,  unclean  milk 
cans,  unsanitary  conditions  of  places  where 
food  products  are  handled,  false  branding 
of  cheese,  adulterated  linseed  oil  and  San 
Jose  scale.  ,  .. 

The  Bureau  of  Foods  showed  much  activ¬ 
ity  in  enforcing  the  law  against  misbranded 
or  adulterated  food.  The  Bureau  of  Dairy 
Products  reports  that  343  persons  have  been 
licensed  to  act  as  agents  in  milk  gather¬ 
ing  stations,  1,179  inspections  of  sanitary 
conditions  at  dairy  establishments  has  been 
made  and  in  546  places  improvements  were 
found  to  be  necessary.  Many  hundreds  of 
dairy  farms  have  been  inspected  for  sani¬ 
tary  conditions  and  improvements  directed 
where  necessary.  Special  attention  has  been 
given  to  the  condition  of  milk  cans  re¬ 
turned  from  cities  to  country  districts,  the 
law  now  requiring  that  these  cans  shall  be 
clean  before  being  returned  and  providing 
a  severe  penalty  for  the  introduction  of 
filth  of  any  kind  into  these  receptacles.  At¬ 
tention  is  called  to  the  fact  that  it  is  a 
violation  of  the  Agricultural  Law  for  any 
person  to  return  a  milk  bottle  in  unclean 
condition  to  a  milk  dealer. 

The  Bureau  of  Fertilizers  and  Feeding 
Stuffs  returns  an  income  to  the  State 
greatly  in  excess  of  the  cost  of  its  main¬ 
tenance.  Every  brand  of  fertilizer  and  feed¬ 
ing  stuff  sold  within  the  State  must  be  li¬ 
censed  after  the  payment  of  a  fee.  The  total 
amount  turned  into  the  State  treasury  for 
fees  during  the  past  year  was  $28,615. 
Agents  of  the  Department  have  collected  637 
samples  of  feeding  stuffs  and  837  samples 
of  fertilizer,  all  of  which  were  referred  to 
the  State  Experiment  Station  at  Geneva  for 
analysis.  Considerable  attention  has  been 
given  to  the  quality  of  turpentine  and  lin¬ 
seed  oil,  more  than  800  samples  having 
been  collected  and  about  60  of  these  found 
to  be  in  violation  of  law. 

Bovine  tuberculosis  has  been  found  in 
herds  in  practically  every  county  in  the 
State.  Owing  to  the  increased  efforts  of 
the  State  in  eradicating  this  disease,  bet¬ 
ter  methods  are  being  introduced  on  many 
dairy  farms  in  the  line  of  more  sanitary 
quarters  and  greater  care  in  the  selection 
and  purchase  of  animals.  Fourteen  thous¬ 
and  one  hundred  and  eighty-one  cattle  have 
been  tuberculin  tested  by  the  Department,  on 
requests  of  owners  because  of  suspecting 
the  presence  of  the  disease.  Three  thous¬ 
and  and  twenty-nine  or  21  per  cent,  have 
reacted.  Of  this  number  only  1,240  were 
found  to  have  the  disease  in  generalized 
form.  One  hundred  and  four  were  free 
from  tuberculosis  lesions.  During  the  year 
forty-five  quarantines  were  laid  against  the 
disease  of  rabies  in  21  different  counties. 
It  is  believed  that  much  progress  has  been 
made  against  this  disease.  Other  diseases 
receiving  attention  of  the  Department  in¬ 
clude  glanders,  anthrax,  swine  plague,  hog 
cholera,  mange,  black  leg  and  tuberculosis 
In  swine.  The  Department  is  exercising 
strict  measures  over  animals  entering  the 
State  for  breeding  and  dairy  purposes.  The 
attention  of  the  Legislature  is  called  to 
the  shipment  of  bob  veal  calves  from  this 
State  to  other  States.  Frequently  these 
shipments  include  calves  a  few  days  old 


which  cannot  be  shipped  to  points  in  our 
own  State  for  food  purposes  and  which 
are  entirely  too  young  to  ship  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  being  raised.  Much  complaint 
comes  to  the  Department  from  citizens 
throughout  the  State  because  of  this  traf¬ 
fic,  which  has  no  commendable  features  and 
many  that  are  condemnatory.  In  connec¬ 
tion  with  the  prevention  of  rabies,  and  for 
the  protection  of  the  sheep  industry  as 
well,  attention  is  called  to  the  necessity 
of  State-wide  supervision  of  dogs.  .  Stray 
dogs,  especially,  which  would  be  disposed 
of  if  a  reasonable  tax  or  license  fee  were 
imposed,  are  believed  to  carry  rabies  from 
one  district  to  another  and  there  is  abund¬ 
ant  evidence  to  show  the  heavy  losses 
caused  to  flocks  of  sheep  in  many  parts  of 
the  State.  The  matter  of  a  State  meat 
inspection  service  is  referred  to.  At  the 
present  time  there  is  no  State  meat  inspec¬ 
tion  law  in  New  York  and  it  is  well  known 
that  conditions  at  some  abbattoirs  are  such 
as  to  need  surveillance.  The  value  of  the 
Federal  meat  inspection  service,  which  it  is 
estimated  costs  the  people  of  the  State  of 
New  York  $300,000  per  year,  is  in  large 
part  lost  to  the  people  of  the  State  be¬ 
cause  this  is  not  supplemented  by  a  State 
meat  inspection  service. 

It  is  reported  that  256  farms,  adver¬ 
tised  through  the  publications  of  the  De¬ 
partment,  have  been  sold  during  the  past 
year ;  the  combined  value  amounting  to 
more  than  $1,000,000.  Over  10,000  letters 
of  inquiry  from  persons  in  western  States 
and  some  from  Europe  concerning  possi¬ 
bilities  of  New  York  State  farms  have 
been  received  and  answered  during  the 
year.  The  Department  has  record  of  at 
least  200  families  who  are  expecting  to 
move  into  this  State  this  Spring,  options 
already  having  been  taken  on  74  farms. 
Forty-nine  hundred  and  forty-four  farm  la¬ 
borers  have  been  provided  to  farmers  of 
this  State  during  the  past  year.  These 
persons  represented  26  different  national¬ 
ities,  the  largest  number,  1,745,  being  Irish, 
and  1,406  German. 

Five  hundred  and  seventy-two  nurseries 
have  been  inspected  and  all  stock  examined, 
including  116,640,977  trees  and  plants  of 
different  kinds.  Seventeen  thousand  and 
eighty-one  trees  have  been  destroyed  on  ac¬ 
count  of  being  infested  with  San  Jose  scale 
which,  if  distributed  to  parts  of  the  State 
now  free  from  this  pest,  would  have  caused 
untold  damage.  More  than  twelve  million 
seedlings  recently  imported  have  been  ex¬ 
amined  and  3,726  nests  of  Brown-tail 
moths  as  well  as  some  nests  of  Gipsy  moths 
have  been  found.  These  dangerous  pests 
are  destroyed  with  the  utmost  care.  Thus 
far  although  they  have  appeared  at  more 
than  a  score  of  different  places  in  our 
State,  agents  of  the  Department  have  in 
every  instance  completely  eradicated  these 
insects.  The  importance  of  this  work  may 
be  estimated  when  it  is  stated  that  in 
Massachusetts  last  year  more  than  $1,000,- 
000  was  spent  by  Federal,  State  and  muni¬ 
cipal  governments  for  the  purpose  of  keep¬ 
ing  under  control  these  pests  which  un¬ 
fortunately  have  gained  a  foothold  there. 


Send  for  our  Book  of 

Trees  —  Tells  How  to 

Plant  for  F ruit 
and  Shade 

Every  person  who  expects 
to  plant  trees  this  Spring— a 
dozen  or  a  thousand— should 
first  send  for  Green’s  1911 
Complete  Catalogue.  It  lists 
everything  desirable  In  fruit 
and  shade  trees  as  well  as  small 
fruit ;  tells  you  how  we  sell  direct 

_  to  you  from  our  nursery  and 

quotes  lowest  “at-the-nursery”  prices.  By  our  money- 
saving,  quality-giving  plan,  you  pay  no  commissions  but 
buy  direct  from  one  of  the  largest  nurseries  in  the  United 
States,  and  you  get  nurserymen’s  lowest  prices. 

Agent's  Prices  Cut  in  Two 

GREENS  TREES 

Direct  to  You 

We  grow,  bud,  and  graft  quality  trees  from  bearing  orchards  of 
our  own— all  hardy,  northern  grown  and  true  to  name.  Every  tree 
is  triple  inspected  and  guaranteed  free  from  pests  and  scale. 

Green's  Nurseries  are  located  in  one  of  the  greatest  fruit  centers 
in  the  United  States— Northern  New  York— yet  we  are  6  to  12  miles 
distant  from  other  nurseries— no  chance  for  contagious  disease. 

Our  catalogue  is  our  only  salesman,  and  has  been  for  over  SO 
years,  but  our  square-dealing  policy  makes  our  oustomers  loyal  to 
us  and  brings  them  back  year  after  year  with  new  orders,  if  you 
have  never  bought  trees  under  Green's  Nursery  plan,  investigate 
by  sending  at  once  for  the  1911  catalogue,  and  we  will  also  send  you 
free  our  remarkable  hook  "Thirty  Years  with  Fruits  and  Flowers.  * 
Capital,  $100,000. 

GREEN'S  NURSERY  CO.,  Box  22.  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


OATS 


Tells  the  best  Strawberries,  Rasp¬ 
berries,  Blackberries,  Dewberries, 
Gooseberries,  Currants,  etc.,  and  Just 
how  to  grow  them,  Knight's  plants 
have  a  national  reputation  for  superior 
quality  and  high  vigor.  Send 
for  free  copy  of  our  catalogue. 

David  Knight 
&  Son. 

Box  56  Sawyer,  Mich. 


1st  Prize  $100— 2nd  Prize  $25 
3rd  Prize  $10  —4th  Prize  $5 
5  th  Prize  $5  — and  Five  More 

Prizes  of  $1.00  each  in  Field’s  Great 
National  Free-For-All  Garden  Contest 


A  NATIONAL  CONTEST— open  to  all— to  get  better  gar¬ 
dens!  That’s  my  plan  and  I  am  sure  you  know  what  it 
means.  And  right  at  the  start,  let  me  tell  you  that  there 
are  no  conditions  whatever,  to  this  contest,  You  don’t 
have  to  buy  seeds  from  me  unless  you  want  to — don't  have  to  sell 
anything  or  do  any  work  for  me  at  all.  Just  raise  a  bumper  gar¬ 
den  crop— then  write  me  a  letter  about  it.  Tell  me  what 
methods  you  used,  how  you  laid  out  the  garden,  how  you 
treated  the  soil,  etc.  And  send  along  a  few  photographs. 
This  contest  is 

For  Men,  Women,  Boys  and  Girls 

everywhere.  Everybody  stands  an  equal  chance  of  winning. 

— - - Fine  writing  or  college  grammar  doesn’thelp — it’s  facts  about 

good  gardens  that  I  want.  It  makes  no  difference  where  you  live  or  whether  your 
garden  is  small  or  large.  All  you’ve  got  to  do  is  to  raise  a  bumper  crop— then 
write  me  all  about  it.  If  the  judges  decide  your  letter  is  best — you  get  $100.00. 
If  it  is  second  best  you  get  $25.00  and  so  on.  Winner  is  paid  at  the  rate  of 

50c  a  Word  for  a  200-Word  Letter 

if  the  letter  contains  200  words.  That’s  worth  while  isn’t  it?  You  can’t  lose  in 
this  contest  even  if  you  don' twin  one  of  the  prizes.  It  costs  nothing  to  enter 
—and  you  gain  by  getting  a  better  garden.  If  you  win— and  you  stand  an  ex¬ 
cellent  chance — so  much  the  better,  What  I  want  is  that  everybody  have  a 
good  garden  and  then  to  write  me.  Don’t  send  any  money  but  mail  me  the 
coupon  now  so  I  can  tell  you  all  the  details  about  this  contest  in  my  special 
folder.  I  want  you  to  read  about  the  great  book  of  Garden  Experiences  I’m 
going  to  publish  give  away  to  my  customers,  and  I  want  you  to  know  how 
to  get  one  without  expense.  I  also  want  to  mail  you  my  big  1911  seed  catalog. 

Don’t  Wait!  Enter  Now!  Mail  The  Coupon 

or  a  postal  quick.  All  I  want  is  your  name  and  address  so  I  can  send  you  the 
facts  and  my  book.  You’ll  find  my  catalog  a  guide  to  the  best  seeds  grown— 
contains  everything  you  want  in  the  seed  line.  I've  built  up  one  of  the  biggest 
seed  houses  in  America,  by  giving  highest  quality  and  biggest  value.  But  this 
contest  is  open  to  all — and  you  can  win  whether  you  buy  seeds  from  me  or  not. 

Address  me  personally,  Henry  Field,  President 
Henry  Field  Seed  Company,  Box.  26  Shenandoah,  Iowa 


I 


Henry  Field,  President 
HENRY  FIELD  SEED  CO  ,  Box.  26  Shenandoah.  Iowa, 

Dear  Mr.  Field :  Please  send  me  your  Special  Garden  Contest  Folder  and  your 
1911  Catalog  Free. 


Name. 


m 

I 


NEW  SEEL) OATS.  Big  money 

in  right  kind  of  oats.  Here's 
your  chance.  Imported  Canadian 
seed  oats,  raised  on  Galloway 
Brothers'  big  farm  in  Canada. 
New,  clean  land.  Regenerated 
Swedish  Select  went  116  bushels 
to  acre ;  Early  New  Market  110  bushels  to  acre.  Farmers  who 
bought  this  seed  from  us  last  year  raised  as  high  as  75  to  100 
bushels  in  this  country,  and  found  out  their  old  seed  was  inbred 
and  run  out.  Change  your  seed.  Try  some  of  this  new  seed. 
Send  for  free  sample,  or  10  cents  for  large  packet.  Will  also  send 
our  free  booklet,  entitled  “Big  Money  in  Oats  and  How  to  Grow 
Them.''  Galloway  Bros.-Bowman  Company 
662  Galloway  Station  Waterloo,  Iowa 


200  Bushels  of  Strawberries 
From  a  Single 

One  of  our  patrons  made  this  record  -with 
plants  bought  of  us.  J  ust  ask  a  commission 
man  what  this  quantity  of  fruit  would  have 
brought  the  grower  any  year  lately,  and 
you'll  see  that  there's  money  in  berries . 

Knigbt*s  Free  Book 
on  Small  Fruit 


ARE  A  VERY  PROFITABLE  CROP 

Last  season,  Cherries  sold  for  eight  cents  a  pound  by  the 
ton.  Fine  trees  can  be  purchased  now  at  very  reasonable 
prices.  Catalogue  and  full  information  furnished  on  request. 

ELLWANGER  &  BARRY 

MOUNT  HOPE  NURSERIES 

‘  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 


Why  Harris’ Seeds 
are  Surest  and  Best 

Seed  that  grows — that  gets  right  down  to  business  and 
makes  good  plants— is  the  only  kind  you  can  afford — and 
it’s  the  kind  you  get  when  you  order  from  us.  Every  strain  of 
our  seed  has  a  pedigree— has  made  a  record  for  years. 
Nearly  all  of  it  is  grown  on  our  own  farms ;  we  give  it  a 
careful  germination  test,  to  prove  just1  how  much  of  it  is 
good.  When  we've  found  that  out,  we  print  it  on  a 
special  label  appearing  on  each  package,  so  that 

You  can  always  tell  how  much 
ol  our _ -r?\  seed  will  come  up 

Think  of  what  that  means  !  You 
,  VA.V-'"  §\  can  ,e"  "  ben  you  plant  it.  whether 


OQDSEEDS 


PRICES  BELOW  ALL  OTHERS 

||  I  give  a  lot  of  new  sorts  for 
trial  with  every  order  I  fill. 
|  A  Grand  Big  Catalog  CDCC 
Illustrated  with  over  »  nEb 
^  700  engravings  of  vegetables 
and  flowers.  Send  yours  and 

_ 'your  neighbors’  addresses.- 

R.  H.  SHUMWAY,  Rockford,  Illinois 


to"' 


ut»- 


vy  h*" 


t<" 


■  c*°co\i*=''r 


tfor"01'  & 

fan"-  ~  • 


to  sow  thick  or  light ;  you  can  get 
just  tlie  stand  you  want  without 
resowing,  without  wasting  any 
seed,  and,  most  important  of  all, 
without  wasting  any  time. 

Our  free  Catalogue  contains 
valuable  information  about  Gar¬ 
den,  Field  and  Flower  Seeds. 
Write  for  it  NOW. 

JOSEPH  HARRIS  CO. 
Moroton  Farm,  Box  31 
COLDWATER,  N.  Y. 


THAT  YIELD.  Our  Sensation  Oats 
breaks  ull  records.  Nothing  like  it. 
_  _  _  Also  SEED  CORN.  Samples  and  cat¬ 

alog  free.  THEO.  BURT  &  SONS,  MELROSE,  OHIO, 


OATS 


B 


EST  SEED  POTATOES  I0  <£$«£,• 

A.  G.  ALDRIDGE,  Fisher’s,  Ontario  County,  N.  Y. 


Most  Everyone  Has  a  Hobby. 

Ours  is  propagating  new  varieties  of  strawberries. 
After  a  thorough  test  and  proved  to  he  all-around 
best  of  all,  you  hear  us  say  something— otherwise 
we  bury  them.  Our  catalogue  for  1911  is  brimful 
of  new  ones,  and  conspicuously  absent  of  varieties 
that  have  been  but  cannot  come  hack.  Early,  Mid- 
Season  and  Late.  We  were  the  introducers  of  the 
famous  “Stevens’  Late  Champion, ’’  a  Irnok  on 
strawberry  culture,  with  every  catalogue  all  free 
for  the  asking. 

J.T.  GARRISON  &  SONS,  BridgktoX,  N.  J. 


Pedigree  Seed  Potatoes 

Clyde,  white,  excellent  quality,  high  yielding 
strain,  bred  true  to  type.  100  bush,  per  acre  on  my 
farm.  Price,  $o.50  per  bbl.  sack,  145  lbs.  net. 

W.  L.  HANNAH,  Brunswick,  Me. 


rr 

|  144 


French  Bean  Coffee 

(SOJA  HISPIDA) 

A  GOOD  SUBSTITUTE  FOR  COFFEE 

A  wholesome  drink !  The  healthiest 
ever ;  you  can  grow  it  in  your  own  gar¬ 
den  on  a  small  patch  10  feet  by  10,  pro¬ 
ducing  60  lbs.  or  more.  Ripens  in  Wis¬ 
consin  in  90  days.  Used  in  great  quan¬ 
tities  in  France,  Germany  and  all  over 
Europe. 

Send  16  cents  in  stamps  and  we  will 
mall  you  a  package  giving  full  culture 
directions,  as  also  our  Mammoth  seed 
catalog  free ;  or  send  8 1  cents  and  get, 
in  addition  to  above,  10,000  kernels  un¬ 
surpassable  vegetable  and  flower  seeds- 
enough  for  bushels  of  luscious.different 
vegetables  and  brilliant  flowers. 

JOHN  A.  SALZER  SEED  COMPANY 
144  South  ath  S*.  La  Croase,  Wi« 


□ 


1911. 

Quality  in  Land  Rollers. 

A.  II.,  Flushing,  N.  Y. — I  would  like  to 
learn  from  some  experienced  student  of  agri¬ 
culture  (not  a  manufacturer)  having  partic¬ 
ular  knowledge  of  the  subject,  what  are  the 
chief  considerations  that  govern  in  the  ma- 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

to  2.67  inches  to  3.34  inches  of  rainfall 
on  one  acre,  where  the  values  of  the 
inch  are  those  stated.  If  three-eighths 
of  a  miner's  inch  flowing  continuously 
15  days  gives  to  one  acre  the  equiva- 


86 


terial  and  construction  of  a  land  roller  for  lent  of  2.67  to  3.34  inches  of  rainfall, 


best  results  in  use  and  lasting  quality. 

Ans. — There  are  two  kinds  of  land 
rollers  on  the  market  to-day  and  the 
inquirer  should  select  the  kind  suited  to 
his  soil  and  needs.  The  kind  in  most 
common  use  is  a  plain  two  or  three  sec¬ 
tion  roller,  the  sections  consisting  of 
cast  drum  heads  covered  with  a  sheet 
steel  drum  riveted  to  the  drum  heads, 
and  the  two  or  three  sections  compos- 


to  apply  the  same  amount  to  the  acre 
in  three  days,  continuous  flow,  would 
require  five  times  three-eighths  inch 
of  water,  or  one  and  seven-eighths. 

F.  H.  KING. 

The  Corn  Harvester  Necessary. 

In  regard  to  the  work  of  the  corn 
harvester,  I  hardly  see  how  the  farmers 
in  this  section  could  get  along  without 
them.  With  ground  in  reasonably  good 


Pull  Your  f  Stumps  30  Days 

FREE 


ing  the  roller  are  hung  on  a  large  steel  £jlape  they  wjh  cut  c]oser  on  the  average 
shaft  running  the  full  length  of  the  than  the  average  man  will,  also  cut  the 
roller.  Such  rollers  have  a  smooth  face,  grass  a„d  weeds  in  row,  which  makes 
turn  easily  and  give  good  satisfaction.  g00ci  silage.  The  binding  of  the  corn 
Other  styles  of  rollers  in  less  common  makes  it  handle  nearly  50  per  cent,  easier 
use  are  the  various  pulverizing  rollers,  and  faster,  which  means  a  great  deal  in 
Some  have  the  face  of  the  roller  cov-  the  rush  of  work  and  shortage  of  help, 
ered  with  iron  rods  or  pipes  riveted  on  it  would  be  impossible  to  get  help  to 
the  drum  heads  and  spaced  about  two  cut  the  corn  by  hand,  as  filling  silos 
inches  apart  instead  of  the  sheet  steel  and  apple  picking  come  at  about  the 


of  the  roller  described  above.  Another 
kind  is  made  up  of  narrow  cast  sections 
about  six  inches  wide  and  with  scalloped 
faces.  The  pulverizing  roller  is  espe¬ 
cially  recommended  for  the  preparation 
of  wheat  land,  but  they  are  tip-top  on 
corn  ground  also.  Land  rollers  should 
be  about  two  feet  in  diameter  and  con¬ 
sist  of  two  or  more  sections  for  easy 


same  time.  A  good  working  gang  for 
silo  work  is  one  man  and  three  horses  on 
harvester,  three  drivers  and  teams  to 
draw,  one  man  to  feed  cutter,  and  one 
or  two  men  in  silo,  two  men  in  lot  to 
pitch  on.  I  filled  for  myself  and  neigh¬ 
bors  about  900  tons  this  past  Fall  and 
there  were  three  or  four  others  who  did 
as  much  or  more,  while  a  good  many 


400ft 

^Stronger 

Than 

Others 


At  Oup 
Riskna 


Guaranteed  3  YeaPS  sAump  and  the  stump  is  bound  to  come. 

n  '  ***  Also  pulls  largest-sized  green  trees,  hedge- 

Irlple-Power — All-Steel  rows,  etc.  Don’t  risk  dangerous  and  costly 

,  dynamite.  It  only  shatters  stump  and 

Clear  up  your  stumpy  fields  with  the  3-year  leaves  roots  in  ground. 

Guaranteed  Hercules,  now  sold  on  30  days’ 

Free  Trial.  Test  it  on  your  place  at  our  risk. 

Pulls  stumps  out,  roots  and  all.  400ft  £>DeCial  PPlCC  Offer 
stronger  than  any  otherpuller  made.'  Triple  r 

power  attachment  means  one-third  greater  We  have  a  special  price  proposition  to  the 
pull.  I  he  only  stump  puller  guaranteed  for  first  man  we  sell  to  in  new  sections.  We 
J  years.  Only  one  with  Double  Safety  are  glad  to  make  you  a  special  price  on  the 
Hatchets.  Only  one  with  all  bearings  and  first  Hercules  sold  in  your  community  be- 
working  parts  turned,  finished  and  machined,  cause  that  will  sell  many  more  for  us 
reducing  friction,  increasing  power,  making  and  save  advertising.  Write  us  at  once 
it  extremely  light  running.  Hitch  on  to  any  to  get  this. 


HERCULES 


Stump 

Puller 


Just  write  a  postal  for  our  special  price— 30  days’  Free  Trial  and  all  FREE  BOOKS 
about  the  only  All-Steel.  Triple-Power  Stump  Puller-the  Famous  Hercules. 

HERCULES  MANUFACTURING  CO.,  13017th  St.,  Centerville,  la. 


turning,  and  for  two  horses  may  be  six  have  their  own  rigs  and  only  fill  two 
feet  long.  Land  rollers  being  made  of  or  three  silos.  Our  best  day’s  work 


steel  and  iron  and  provided  with  oiling 
devices,  if  properly  housed  when  not  in 
use,  should  last  as  long  or  longer  than 
a  disk  harrow.  Not  many  rollers  are 
used  in  this  section,  the  plank  drag 
largely  taking  the  place  of  the  roller, 
but  for  late-plowed  sod  the  heavy  roller 
seems  almost  indispensable  and  on  such 
fields  their  use  should  prove  quite  profit¬ 
able.  For  the  heavier  soils  the  pulver¬ 
izing  roller  is  possibly  the  proper  tool 
to  use,  as  it  packs  the  soil  without  pack¬ 
ing  down  all  the  surface,  but  for  lighter 
soils,  and  where  a  fine,  smooth  surface 
is  needed,  and  for  use  in  general,  the 
smooth  surfaced  roller  is  the  proper 
tool.  W.  E.  DUCKWALL. 

Ohio. 

Flow  of  Irrigation. 

D.,  Oregon. — Given  four  second  feet  of 
water  for  three  days,  72  hours,  irrigates  00 
acres  of  land.  How  many  inches  of  water 


that  we  kept  track  of  was  42  loads  in 
nine  hours  of  l'/i  to  two  tons  each,  cut 
to  half-inch,  elevated  35  feet  with  blower, 
and  run  by  a  six  horse-power  engine. 
Vermont.  g.  m.  h. 

Green  Film  in  Spring 

F.  E.  G.,  Worcester,  Mass. — I  have  a  nice 
boiling  spring  about  30  feet  from  my  house. 
In  former  years  there  lias  been  a  barrel 
set  in  the  ground,  but  this  barrel  has  given 
me  considerable  trouble,  so  last  Spring  I 
dug  around  the  barrel,  taking  it  out  and 
cleaning  everything  away  until  I  got  a 
good  gravel  bottom.  Then  I  took  a  24- 
inch  by  3-foot  glazed  cement  pipe  and  put 
it  in  where  the  barrel  was.  It  works  fine, 
but  it  is  constantly  filling  up  with  a  green¬ 
ish  film,  such  as  is  found  on  the  edge  of 
small  ponds.  Is  there  anything  I  can  do  to 
get  rid  of  this  film?  It  is  very  annoying. 

Ans. — It  might  be  worth  while  to  try 
inserting  a  galvanized  iron  cylinder 
made  fairly  to  fit  closely  the  inside  of 
the  tile,  reaching  above  the  water,. form- 


i 

I 


p 

jig ; 


^Guaranteed  Implements 

Backed  by  over  35  years’  experience  of  a 
practical  farmer  and  manufacturer.  You  run  no 
risk  when  you  get  a  Planet  Jr,  and  you  will  be 
^surprised  at  how  much  more  and  better  work’ 
kyou  can  do  with  less  labor.  Planet  Jrs  are" 
flight  and  strong,  and  last  a  life-time. 

JNo.  25i  Planet  Jr  Combined  Hill  and  Drill  Seeder, 

Double- Wheel  Hoe,  Cultivator  and  Plow  opens  the 
’  furrow,  sows  seed  in  drills  or  hills,  covers,  rolls,  marks 

flp  ^^out  next  row.  Also  has  perfect  cultivating  attachments. 

JNo.  1 6  1  Planet  Jr  Single  Wheel-Hoe,  Cultivator, 

^Rake  and  Plow  is  a  most  useful  adjustable  garden  tool, 
^teeps  ground  in  thorough  condition.  The  new  pressed- 
^stecl  frame  makes  the  tool  practically  indestructible. 
Write  today  for  1911  illustrated  catalogue  of  all 
Planet  Jr  implements.  Free  and  postpaid. 

JS  L  Allen  &  Co  Bo*  ho7v  Phila  Pa 


would  it  require  per  acre  continuous  flow  inS  ^  fapPed  seams  without  soldering, 
for  15  days  to  furnish  the  four  second  the  manner  of .  stovepipes.  It  is 

feet  for  the  three  days,  giving  a  period  of  barely  possible  that  the  vegetable  growth 

may  not  attach  itself  to  the  metal  sur¬ 
face.  F.  H.  KING. 


12  days  between  irrigations?  Oregon  has 
taken  control  of  the  waters  of  the  State 
and  in  adjudicating  the  water  rights  it  has 
asked  us,  the  original  appropriators,  how 
much  water  we  require.  A  corporation  has 
contested  our  claims  and  their  expert  claims 
that  three-eighths  of  an  inch  of  water,  con¬ 
tinuous  flow,  is  the  solution  to  the  above 
problem.  We  are  sceptical. 

Ans. — Four  second  feet  of  water  for 
72  hours,  applied  to  60  acres  of  land 
would  cover  it  to  a  depth  of  4.76  inches, 
and  is  equal  to  1,036,800  cubic  feet.  We 
do  not  know  the  value  of  a  legal 
inch  of  water  for  Oregon.  For  Cali¬ 
fornia  one  inch  of  water  is  defined  as 
equal  to  one-fiftieth  of  a  second  foot. 
Court  decision  sets  it  at  one- fortieth  of 
a  second  foot  for  Arizona.  Colorado 
specifies  38.4  miner’s  inches  in  one  sec¬ 
ond  foot.  It  the  inch  is  taken  at  one- 
fortieth  of  a  second  foot  it  would  re¬ 
quire  four  times  40,  or  160  inches,  flow¬ 
ing  continuously  three  days,  or  72  hours, 
to  equal  four  second  feet  continuous 
flow  for  72  hours.  Three-eighths  of  a 
miner’s  inch  flowing  continuously  15 
days  is  only  9,720  cubic  feet,  or  .044 
inch  of  rainfall  on  60  acres,  at  the 
California  value,  and  but  12,150  cubic 
feet  or  .055  inch  of  rainfall  on  60  acres 
at  the  Arizona  value.  If  applied  to  one 
acre  instead  of  to  60  acres  the  depth  of 
water,  expressed  as  rainfall,  would  be 
60  times  the  values  just  given,  or  2.67 
inches,  where  the  California  inch  is  the 
standard,  and  3.34  inches  if  the  Arizona 
value  of  the  inch  is  taken.  In  other 
A’ords,  three-eighths  of  a  miner’s  inch 
continuous  flow  for  15  days  is  equivalent 


J' {!a,lc'  Hie  "Peach.  King,”  writes:  "The  Double  Action  ‘Cutaway’ 
a  splendid  tool.  I  use  it  in  polishing  off  my  peach  orchards  several  times 
year.  A  good  pair  of  horses  handle  it  all  right,” 


.  JA®  genuine  ‘Cutaway”  tools  are  used  and  endorsed  by  successful  orchard- 
ists  trom  coast  to  coast  and  bay  to  gulf.  uronaru 

uteSfiS^S’iisss^  da  rasa?  trs  safes'  ** 

IITAWAV  double  action 

^  “  ■  ORCHARD  HARROW 

„^Le.ry-orch,ardistnSnd  frH!t  fn-oyer  should  have  one  or  more  of  these  labor  savers 
an<l  fiuit  makers.  They  will  positively  pay  for  themselves  in  ofae'season.  To  investi¬ 
gate  is  to  be  convinced. 

A™"?}}  cultivation  makes  large  crops  Stirring  the  soil  lets  in  the  air,  sunshine 
and  new  life,  and  kills  foul  vegetation.  The  •'Cutaway.”  disk  slices,  stirs,  lifts,  twists 
and  aerates  the. soil.  Clark’s  ‘‘Cota way”  Tooi.s  run  lighter  and  do  better  work  than 
any  other  machine.  Lasts  a  lifetime. 

Send  today  for  new  catalog,  “ Intensive  Cultivation.'’  Of  course,  it’s  free. 

CUTAWAY  HARROW  COMPANY 


839  MAIN  STREET 


HICCANUM,  CONNECTICUT 


FARM 


machines 

The  name  JOHNSTON  still  stands  for 

all  that  is  best  in  farm  machinery.  _ 

JOHNSTON  machines  represent  the  most 
advanced  development  along  truly  practical 
lines.  There’s  nothing  experimental,  impractical  or  “freakish” 
about  them — no  “weak  spots”  to  cause  trouble. 

They  are  quality  machines,  made  by  skilled  men  from  best  materials, 
with  correct  attention  to  every  detail.  JOHNSTON  machines  cost 
more  to  manufacture  on  account  of  the  extra  effort— yet  cost  the  farmer 
no  more.  We  have  always  given  especial  attention  to  the  matters  of 
simplicity,  strength  and  durability — that’s  why  the  farmer  gets  mor^ 
years  of  good  reliable  results  from  JOHNSTON  Machinery. 

JOHNSTON  machines  have  won  and  retained  the  confidence  of  farmers 
on  two  hemispheres  for  over  half  a  century. 

The  JOHNSTON  Line  for  1911 

Grain  Binders  Rakes  Manure  Spreaders 

wfnTona  Mowers  Hay  Loaders 

Spring  and  T  ,  .  Disc  Harrows 

SFik^T.®oth  Harrows  Tedders  Orchard  Harrows 

Side-Delivery  Hakes  Corn  Binders  Land  Rollers 

Write  to-day  for  JOHNSTON  1911  Catalog— it’s  free,  and  full  of 
valuable  information.  Or,  advise  what  tools  you  are  interested 
in,  and  we  will  send  booklets. 

No  Connection  With  The  Trust. 

THE  JOHNSTON  HARVESTER  CO, 

Box  100  L 
BATAVIA,  N.  Y 


WE  SHOW  ONLY  A 
FEW  OF 
OUR  LEADERS 


AGRICULTURE 


“=  Are  THOROUGHLY  HARD  BURNT 

I—  Made  of  best  Ohio  Clay.  Sold  in  car-load  lots. 

c/D  Lj_i  Also  manufacturers  of 

3  g  HOLLOW  BUILDING  BLOCK  and  SEWERP1PE 

u_  National  Fireoroofinir  Co..  Fulton  Bldg.,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


ye 


January 


I  was  first  to  advertise  and  push 
Seed  corn  in  the  ear,  graded seea  corn 
and  hand-picked  seed  corn.  But 
here’s  the  biggest  and  best  idea  of 
all — Certified  Seed  Corn — every  ker¬ 
nel  of  every  ear  full  of  life,  vigor  and 
producing  power. 

Bigger  Corn  Profits 

I  started  with  the  best  field-selected 
corn  in  every  variety.  Picked  the  best 
ears,  tested  six  kernels  from  each  ear 
for  germination  and  if  even  one  of  the 
six  kernels  from  any  ear  failed  to  ger¬ 
minate  strongly ,  that  ear  was  discarded. 
I’ll  send  this  100  per  cent  seed  corn  on 

'  10  Days’  Approval 

You’re  the  judge;  money  back  if  you 
say  so.  Shipped  in  the  ear  or  shelled 
and  graded — but  either  way,  with  the 
guarantee  that  six  kernels  from  every 
ear  has  germinated  strongly  by  my 
perfect  testing  system.  Don’t  wait— 

Write  Me  a  Postal  Quick 

Plenty  of  Field’s  Certified  100  per  cent 
Seed  Corn  next  year,  but  don’t  wait.  Get 
the  extra  $5.00  to  $10.00  or  more  per  acre 
on  the  coming  crop.  Write  me  a  postal 
now  for  the  facts,  and  ask  for  samples  if 
you  want  them.  I’ll  also  send  you  my 
new  1911  seed  book— best  I’ve  ever  pub¬ 
lished.  Mail  postal  now  to 
1IKXRY  FIELD,  Prmident 
HENKY  FIELD  SEED  COMPANY 
Box.  20,  Shenandoah,  Iowa 


- O/V/OTV  SEED- - 

We  are  headquarters  for  a  full  line  of  Stras- 
burg.  Flat  Danvers  aud  Yellow  Globe  Onion 
Seed.  Try  them  for  No.  1  stock.  Get  prices. 
- THEILMANN  SEED  CO.,  ERIE,  PA. - 


All  the  best  varieties, 
including  the  grand 
new  variety  GLORY. 
This  is  very  early,  solid,  white  and  linest  quality.  It’s  a 
money-maker  f or  you.  Our  catalog,  sent  free  to  nil.  tells 
■  II  about  it  and  Ford**  Hound  Herds  of  all  kinds.  Write  today 

FOUD  SEED  CO.,  Dept.  84,  Kavelina.  Ohio. 


CAD  CHI  E-°anada  Peas, $1.85 bushel!  Alas- 
rUll  DALE  ka  Peas,  $4.00  bushel;  Cow  Peas. 
$2.25  bushel;  Crimson  Clover  Seed,  $8.50  bushel. 
Sow  Canada  Peas  and  Oats  in  March  and  harvest 
a  crop  of  Hay  in  May.  Onion  Sets  at  $2.25  per 
bushel.  JOSEPH  E.  HOLLAND,  Milford,  Oel. 


The  Loader  That  Ad* 
justs  Itself  to  the  Load 

It  makes  no  difference  to  the  “GEAR- 
LESS”  Hay  Loader  whether  the  hay  is 
light  or  in  windrows.  It  adjusts  itself 
automatically  at  the  bottom  as  well  as 
at  the  top  to  the  quantity  of  ha}-  that 
it  has  to  handle.  No  other  rake  bar 
loader  has  such  an  adjustment  at  the 
bottom  nor  half  so  much  at  the  top. 

This  is  just  one  more  of  the  many 
important  improvements  the  “GEAR¬ 
LESS”  has  over  other  loaders. 

The  “GEARLESS”  is  the  loader  that 
can  be  operated  by  one  man,  the  driver. 
It  is  the  loader  that  can  he  depended 
upon  every  hour  of  the  haying-  season 
because  it  is  free  from  the  delicate  and 
complicated  parts  that  are  so  objec¬ 
tionable  on  many  loaders. 

Our  Free  Booklet  will  interest  every  farmer.  Write  for 
It  today.  A  postal  will  do. 

LA  CROSSE  HAY  TOOL  CO. 

THIRTY-FIFTH  STREET,  CHICAGO  HEIGHTS.  ILL. 


THE  RURAh 

SOILING  CROPS  FOR  LATE  SUMMER. 

I  have  four  acres  of  level  land,  mostly 
gravelly  loam,  on  which  I  wish  to  raise 
green  crops  to  feed  12  to  15  grade  Jerseys, 
in  milk,  from  the  time  the  pastures  begin 
to  dry  up  until  the  corn  is  fit  to  feed 
(from  the  first  to  middle  of  July  until  the 
middle  or  last  of  September),  one  or  two 
feeds  a  day  as  necessity  demands.  What 
would  you  advise?  reader. 

New  York. 

We  should  depend  largely  on  fodder 
corn,  oats  and  peas  and  Japanese  millet. 
The  oats  and  peas  will  not  be  of  much 
help  as  green  food  after  the  middle  of 
July,  as  they  ripen  too  early.  We 
should  seed  half  an  acre  late.  As  early 
as  the  ground  is  fit  sow  two  acres  of 
corn  thickly  in  drills  and  give  it  good 
culture.  About  May  20  sow  half  an  acre 
of  Japanese  millet.  Prepare  the  ground 
well,  using  manure  or  fertilizer  heavily, 
and  sow  15  pounds  of  seed.  The  oats 
and  peas  will  be  ready  to  feed  first,  then 
the  millet  and  then  the  corn.  As  fast 
as  one  lot  is  cleaned  up  we  should  plow 
the  land  and  sow  more  Japanese  millet. 
This  and  the  corn  fodder  will  give  more 
quick  growing  crops  than  others  will. 

PECANS  IN  NEW  JERSEY. 

M.  A.  C.,  of  Vineland,  N.  J.,  asks 
about  pecan  growing  for  that  section, 
and  seems  very  anxious  to  grow  the 
thin-shelled  varieties  that  are  doing  so 
well  in  the  Gulf  States.  Now  there  is 
little  doubt  that  some  of  the  good  va¬ 
rieties  of  the  pecan  will  endure  the  cli¬ 
mate  of  southern  New  Jersey,  but  the 
best  of  them  will  not.  The  trees  have 
proved  tender  even  farther  south,  and 
besides,  these  choice  varieties  from  the 
far  South  need  a  very  long  Summer 
and  Fall  season  to  mature  their  nuts. 
It  is  very  doubtful  if  it  would  pay  to 
spend  much  money  or  trouble  in  testing 
this  class  of  pecans.  But  there  are  types 
of  the  pecan  that  will  succeed  in  New 
Jersey  for  they  grow  naturally  in  south¬ 
ern  Indiana,  Illinois  and  even  in  south¬ 
ern  Iowa.  But  they  are  always  found 
on  the  botfom  lands  and  in  the  richest 
of  soil.  There  are  a  ‘very  few  hardy 
varieties  that  are  of  choice  qualities  of 
nut  that  have  been  found,  and  they  will 
be  propagated  and  sent  out  for  trial  in 
due  time.  The  nut  specialist,  Mr.  C.  A. 
Reed,  of  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture,  has  this  work  in  hand. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 

“Reducing  Bones”  on  the  Farm. 

W.  F.  M.,  Rutherford,  N.  J. — lu  reducing 
green  bones  by  burning  some  fertilizer  is 
lost.  Why  not  use  potash  to  reduce  the 
bones  and  make  a  more  complete  fertilizer 
to  supplement  barnyard  manure?  Would 
the  ordinary  potash  or  lye,  sold  in  tin  cans, 
for  soap  making  be  proper,  or  could  It  be 
used  as  a  fertilizer?  Can  you  give  me  a 
recipe  for  same? 

Ans. — We  doubt  if  lye  would  prove 
satisfactory.  There  would,  most  likely, 
be  loss  of  ammonia.  Why  not  break 
up  the  bones  and  pack  them  in  un¬ 
leached  wood  ashes  ?  Keep  the  mass 
wet  and  in  three  to  four  months  the 
bones  will  be  softened  so  you  can  smash 
them  quite  fine.  The  manufacturers  use 
sulphuric  acid  to  dissolve  the  bones.  We 
do  not  advise  the  use  of  this  dangerous 
acid  on  the  farm,  for  a  single*  drop 
spattered  in  the  eye  might  destroy  sight. 
However,  the  following  directions  for 
using  it  are  given  in  Griffith's  "Treatise 
on  Manures “Add  to  a  layer  of  broken 
bones  in  a  box  about  one-third  of  their 
weight  of  cold  water  and  then  add  very 
cautiously,  because  great  heat  is  de¬ 
veloped,  half  their  weight  of  brown  oil 
of  vitriol  or  one-tliird  of  their  weight 
of  white  oil  of  vitriol.  The  contents 
of  the  box  are  then  thoroughly  mixed 
with  a  wooden  spade  and  the  mixture 
allowed  to  stand  for  at  least  an  hour. 
This  homemade  superphosphate  may  be 
removed  and  kept  dry  for  a  couple  of 
months,  when  it  will  be  ready  for  ap¬ 
plication  to  the  land.” 

"I  hear  that  young  Spendit  is  going 
the  pace  that  kills.  "Yes.  He  only  got 
his  racing  automobile  last  month,  and 
already  he  has  been  indicted  for  homi¬ 
cide.” — Baltimore  American. 


NEW-YORKER 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-\T.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  1C. 

POTASH  PRICES  PLEASE  FARMERS  AND 
DEALERS. 

Sales  to  them  Increase. 

The  long  published  statement  regard¬ 
ing  the  potash  situation,  signed  by  Mr. 
Bradley  and  others,  contains  some  near 
truths,  much  argument  and  some  opin¬ 
ions  of  attorneys,  the  latter  being  evi¬ 
dently  influenced  by  their  clients’ 
presentation  of  their  troubles.  All  of 
these  need  to  be  .considered  in  connec¬ 
tion  with  the  following  facts: 

Mr.  Robert  Bradley  did  not  sign  the 
contract  July  1,  1909,  but  according  to 
Mr.  Schmidtmann  it  was  signed  by  Mr. 
Peter  Bradley  in  New  York,  August  18. 

The  statement  of  the  Prussian  Min¬ 
ister  of  Commerce  in  the  German  Par¬ 
liament  on  July  7th  contained  the  fol¬ 
lowing  ; 

“Being  a  man  of  caution,  I  have  al¬ 
ready  drawn  up  a  prospective  law, 
which  naturally  I  have  not  yet  placed 
before  the  Bundesrat.  Now  everybody 
knows  where  he  stands  and  can  arrange 
his  business  accordingly.  Whether  the 
potash  syndicate  will  be  formed  is  not 
material.  The  question  rather  is,  whether 
it  will  be  possible  to  counteract'  the  con¬ 
sequences  detrimental  to  the  general 
welfare.” 

It  is  quite  inconceivable  that  Mr. 
Bradley  should  not  know  of  this  on 
August  18th,  when  the  contract  provid¬ 
ing  that  “any  export  or  import  duties 
or  other  governmental  charges  which 
may  hereafter  become  effective  within 
the  life  of  the  -contract  shall  also  be 
paid  by  the  buyer,”  was  signed. 

Under  the  circumstances  the  signing 
was  a  speculation  which  so  far  has  not 
been  successful,  but  he  made  a  bad 
guess  on  what  was  going  to  happen, 
and  Mr.  Schmidtmann  out-traded  him. 

The  other  68  buyers  who  see  fit  to 
cast  their  lot  in  with  Mr.  Bradley  had 
contracts  with  the  Sollstedt  mine,  which 
did  not  expire  until  1917.  These  con¬ 
tracts  guaranteed  the  average  price  paid 
by  the  two  greatest  American  fertilizer 
corporations,  and  had  they  not  con¬ 
sented  to  change  them  the  mine  (which 
had  been  purchased  by  another  Ameri¬ 
can  corporation,  the  International  Agri¬ 
cultural,  of  which  Mr.  Schmidtmann  is 
president),  would  have  been  obliged  to 
pay  the  tax. 

However,  in  September  or  October 
they  saw  fit  to  sign  supplemental  con¬ 
tracts  in  which  they  assumed  all  taxes 
and  other  governmental  charges,  Ger¬ 
man  or  American.  They,  too,  made  a 
bad  guess  and  were  outwitted  by  Mr. 
Schmidtmann. 

The  trade  lists  show  about  600  fertil¬ 
izer  manufacturers  in  the  United  States,' 
so  that  only  about  one-tenth  of  them 
are  represented  in  the  present  conten¬ 
tion.  Among  those  who  are  not  ask¬ 
ing  the  government  for  help  in  trying 
to'  get  an  advantage  over  their  compet¬ 
itors  is  the  Virginia-Carolina  Chemical 
Co.,  the  largest  fertilizer  corporation 
in  America.  On  the  contrary,  the  Ger¬ 
man  mine  Einigkeit,  controlled  by  the 
Virginia-Carolina  Co.,  recently  joined 
the  potash  syndicate. 

Mr.  Bradley’s  ideas  on  conservation 
seem  to  consist  mainly  of  “filler.”  The 
fact  that  the  law  requires  an  increase 
of  at  least  five  per  cent  yearly  in  the 
quantity  mined  proves  that  there  is  no 
intention  of  limiting  production.  The 
conservation  policy  of  the  law  is  that 
the  mining  shall  be  so  regulated  that 
mines  more  favorably  situated  shall  not 
export  their  products  at  a  price  lower 
than  the  average  cost  of  mining  and 
lower  than  that  for  which  the  Germans 
themselves  can  secure  the  same  prod¬ 
ucts. 

We  have  every  reason  to  believe  that 
the  German  Foreign  Minister  did  not 
assure  Ambassador  Hill  that  “it  would 
not  invalidate  or  impair  the  American 


contracts,”  but  that  the  assurance  was 
given  that  a  provision  would  be  made 
so  that  the  American  buyers  need  not 
pay  more  for  their  potash  than  had  been 
paid  in  previous  years.  This  promise 
was  faithfully  carried  out  and  this  pro¬ 
vision  stands  in  the  law,  but  the  buyers 
have  never  asked  for  the  liberal  reduc¬ 
tions  which  it  permits. 

Mr.  Bradley  dramatically  inquires: 
“How,  therefore,  can  Germany  afford  to 
'sta^t  a  tariff  war  with  th)e  United 
States?”  Germany  lias  no  such  inten¬ 
tion.  A  small  but  noisy  fraction  of  the 
American  fertilizer  manufacturers  is  try¬ 
ing  to  convince  the  American  govern¬ 
ment  that  it  ought  to  start  a  tariff  war 
in  order  to  get  them  out  of  a  bad  bar¬ 
gain. 

In  the  meantime,  the  potash  business 
is  getting  lots  of  effective  advertising. 
Farmers  and  dealers  are  buying  direct 
in  greatly  increased  amounts  at  reduced 
prices,  and  are  quite  satisfied  with  the 
situation  since  it  permits  them  to  mix 
their  fertilizers  at  home  at  much  less 
cost  than  they  can  secure  them  in  ready 
mixed  form. 

German  Kali  Works, 

By  H.  A.  Huston,  Secretary. 


Bumper  Crops  off 

STRAWBERRIES 

in  Mid-Summer 
and  Late  Fail. 

Send  for  Catalogue. 

T.  C.  KEVITT 
Atlienla  14  .  J. 


WHOLESALE  PRICES 


On  Strawberry,  Raspberry.  Blackberry,  Gooseberry, 
Currant,  Asparagus  and  Grape  Plants,  Heavy  Rooted, 
High  Grade  Stock.  IBtb  Annual  Catalogue  Free. 

R-  WESTON  &  CO„  R.  8  Bridgman,  Mich 


S  Strawberry 

Fruits  In  Fall  of  first  year  and  in  Spring  and  Fall 

ofsecondyear.  ltetter  than  a  gold  % 

mine.  600plantssetin  Spring  of  1910 

produced  In  Aug.,  Sept.,  Oct.  and 

Nov.  nearly  400  quarts,  which 

sold  at  40c  to  60c  per  qt.,  netting  mC  fai fig- 

us  over  $2,000  to  the  acre. 

We  are  headquarters  for  these  MSOBWE'.* «. q2*35H 

plants.  Also  all  other  Berry  Plants 

—Plum  Farmer,  Idaho  ami  Royal  xflBMKaSj&p 

Purple  Raspberries,  Norwood  and 

Early  Ozark  Strawberries.  Hastings 

Potato.  28  years  experience.  Catalog  will  be  sent  you 

free.  Write  to-day.  L.  J.  FARMER,  BOX  1 20 .  PUUIKI.  N  Y. 


QTRAWBERRY  PLANTS  — All  the  1  endlnp  an<l  money  making 
u  varieties  :  ready  to  ship  now.  D.  KODWAY,  Hartly.Del. 


Strawberry  Plants^" 

at  SI. 00  oer  1,000  and  up.  Catalogue  free. 

ALLEN  BROS.,  PAW  PAW,  MICH. 


- 

Seed  Corn 

FOR  SALE 

The  high-grade  “Gold  Medal,”  or  “Bates 
Yellow  Flint  Corn,”  same  as  shown  on 
the  big  '‘Pyramid,”  and  “Cone,”  at  the 
New  England  Com  Exposition,  held  in 
Worcester,  Mass.,  Nov.  7-12,  1910,  with  the 
“World’s  Record  Yield,”  of  173  3-10  bushels 
per  acre,  70  lbs.  per  bushel  on  the  ears,  as 
per  sworn  statement  by  three  competent 
men,  and  for  which  the  only  Gold  Medal 
was  awarded  by  the  Exposition  officials. 

For  free  pamphlet  giving  particulars 
of  cultivation,  exhibits  and  prices,  address 

THEODORE  C.  BATES 
NORTH  BROOKFIELD.  MASS. 

L  - 


SEED  CORN 

WING’S  IMPROVED  WHITE  CAP  will  out- 
yield  any  other  120-day  corn  you  can  put  beside  it. 
Improved  on  our  farms  by  ear  row  test  plots  for 
15  years.  3  acres  have  yielded  147  bu.per  acre. 

EXCELSIOR,  pure  white,  lias  yielded  145  bu. 
per  acre  In  test  plot.  A  splendid  variety. 

WING’S  120-DAY  YELLOW,  FUNK’S  YEL¬ 
LOW  DENT,  and  REID’S  YELLOW  DENT.  The 
three  heaviest  yielding  yellow  varieties  in  Ohio. 

WING’S  90-DAY  YELLOW.  A  sensation  In 
very  deep  grained,  heavy  yielding,  very  early  ma- 
.  turing  corn. 

All  our  corn  bred  by  ear  row  test  plots.  Write 
today  for  catalog  and  information. 

WING  SEED  CO., Box  423  Mochanlcsburg, O. 


1  AM  A  FARMER  and  have  FOR  SALE 

STRICTLY  CHOICE  CLOVER  SEED. 

Also  handle  Mammoth  and  Alsike  Clover,  Timothy 
and  Millet  Seed;  Reid's  Yellow  Dent,  Learning, 
Boon  Co.  White,  Silver  Mine  and  the  big  Silo  fod¬ 
der  Seed  Corn.  Please  ask  for  samples  and  price. 
1  also  buy  all  kinds  of  seed.  L.  I<’  STOECKEH. 
Farmdale  or  Peoria,  Ill.  Box  17. 


THAT  DO  NOT  DISAPPOINT 


eccno 

■■  ■■  I  I  Sold  on  The  Ford  Plan,  which  guar- 
■  I  U  |1  autees  satisfaction  aud  saves  you 
money  on  every  purchase.  Our  cat¬ 
alog  tells  about  it,  gives  descriptions  and  low  prices  on 
Bast  varieties  Garden,  Flower  and  Field  Seeds,  Pota¬ 
toes,  Bulbs,  Trees,  Shrubs  and  Small  Fruit  Plants.  Con¬ 
tains  lots  of  testimonials  from  our  customers.  It’s  free. 

FORD  SEED  CO.,  Dept.  24,  Ravenna,  Ohio. 


1911. 


97 


FACTS  ABOUT  CANNING  FACTORIES. 

One  of  our  readers  in  Ohio  wants  to  get 
some  yield  and  price  for  crops  grown  for 
a  canning  factory,  that  is  for  most  vege¬ 
tables.  They  are  thinking  of  building  a 
factory  in  his  Ohio  neighborhood,  and  it 
will  be  necessary  to  show  people  the  facts 
of  a  profit  before  they  can  head  the  list. 
It  would  include  corn,  tomatoes,  peas  and 
possibly  sauerkraut  and  cucumber  pickles. 
What  would  be  the  minimum  number  of 
acres  that  can  be  made  profitable,  and  the 
price  and  yields  which  farmers  might  rea¬ 
sonably  expect  of  such  crops? 

I  cannot  give  you  much  help  on  so 
general  a  proposition  for  starting  a 
canning  factory.  The  cost  of  labor,  fer¬ 
tility  of  the  land  and  the  selling  price 
of  the  canned  goods  in  the  local  market 
are  factors  of  prime  importance  in  de¬ 
termining  profit.  Ordinarily  there  seems 
to  be  more  money  in  canning  tomatoes 
than  any  other  crop  mentioned.  A  man 
with  some  experience  can  grow  on  a 
suitable  soil  as  high  as  200  to  300 
bushels  per  acre.  They  usually  sell 
for  about  25  cents  per  bushel  at  the 
canning  factory.  One  bushel  fills  about 
18  three-pound  cans.  These  will  sell 
for  about  8  1-3  cents  per  can,  if  ma¬ 
chine  packed.  If  hand  packed  and  sold 
in  the  local  market  as  much  as  10  cents 
per  can  is  obtained.  Stowell’s  Evergreen 
sweet  corn  will  yield  nearly  as  much  as 
ordinary  field  corn  per  acre.  The  ears 
are  snapped  off  the  stalk  and  sold  at 
the  factory  by  the  ton  at  the  price  of 
something  like  $10.  The  stalks  in  the 
field  make  excellent  stover,  or  may  be 
used  for  silage.  I  have  had  no  experi¬ 
ence  with  peas,  nor  with  pickles;  cu¬ 
cumbers  are  easily  grown  and  are  re¬ 
ported  to  pay  well.  Sauerkraut  is  very 
easily  made,  and  there  ought  to  be  a 
good  profit  in  it  when  it  sells  at  two 
or  three  cents  above  the  price  of  cab¬ 
bage,  In  general  I  would  state  that 
these  co-operative  canning  factories  are 
difficult  to  start  and  make  successful. 
Lack  of  experience  and  business  capac¬ 
ity  usually  cause  them  to  fail.  I  prefer 
to  encourage  the  individual  canning  fac¬ 
tory  and  increase  the  capacity  as  the  ex¬ 
perience  grows.  In  this  way  I  helped  to 
put  the  canning  business  on  a  sound 
basis  in  another  State  where  co-opera¬ 
tive  canning  factories  were  idle  and 
rusting  down.  r.  h.  price. 

Virginia. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


Strychnine  for  Killing  Skunks. 

F.  C.  G.,  Bridgton,  Me. — I  would  like  to 
know  if  arsenic  or  strychnine  will  poison 
skunks.  I  have  tried  both,  using  quantities 
that  have  been  effectual  witli  cats  with¬ 
out  success,  and  we  finally  wore  obliged 
to  use  a  shot  gun. 

Ans. — Arsenic  under  all  circumstances 
is  a  slow  and  uncertain  poison,  and  is 
never  to  be  absolutely  relied  on.  There 
is  no  doubt,  however,  that  sulphate  of 
strychnia,  if  of  good  quality,  is  fatal  to 
skunks.  I  have  known  it  to  be  used 
on  a  number  of  occasions  and  always 
with  success.  In  the  country,  however, 
it  is  easier  to  obtain  strychnine  of  an 
inferior  grade  than  the  pure  article,  and 
it  is  possible  that  your  correspondent 
failed,  owing  to  the  use  of  a  heavily 
adulterated  article. 

H.  W.  HENSHAW. 

Chief  Biological  Survey. 


Hen  Manure  Mixtures  for  Garden. 

I  am  a  poultry  raiser  and  gardener  and 
have  a  quantity  of  hen  manure  mixed  with 
coal  ashes  which  I  sift  on  droppings  board. 
I  had  thought  of  mixing  burnt  lime,  land 
plaster  and  hen  manure  as  a  fertilizer  for 
garden  crops,  melons,  corn,  peas,  tomatoes, 
etc.  Would  it  be  a  safe  mixture  for 
gravel  soil?  If  not  please  advise  me  of  a 
desirable,  combination.  We  get  good  results 
from  plaster  on  our  soil  in  Onondaga. 
Would  equal  parts  of  burnt  lime  and  plaster 
be  of  any  value  as  a  top-dressing  for  Al¬ 
falfa?  if  so,  how  much  per  acre? 

NPW  Y°rk-  E.R.W. 

This  is  explained  in  “The  Business  Hen.” 
Never  use  burnt  lime  with  hen  manure, 
ilaster  or  coal  ashes  will  answer,  but  as 
>e  irst  principle  of  manuring,  keep  burnt 
me  away  from  hen  droppings.  The  drv 
manure  can  be  crushed  and  used  as  it  is, 
mixed  with  gravel  lime,  acid  phosphate  and 
potash  to  make  a  fertilizer.  You  should 
e  burnt  lime  alone  on  the  Alfalfa,  without 
plaster — one  ton  to  the  acre. 


Cow  Peas  and  Clover. 

1.  Ilow  many  bushels  of  cow  peas  and 
clover  ought  to  be  used  to  the  acre  on  a 
worn-out  sandy  soil?  2.  What  time  of  year 
should  pine  trees  be  set  out?  T.  f.  d. 

Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

1.  The  usual  plan  is  to  sow  live  pecks  of 
cow  peas  broadcast  or  three  pecks  in  drills. 
You  are  too  far  north  for  them  to  do  their 
best.  The  average  seeding  of  Crimson 
clover  is  12  pounds  to  the  acre ;  of  Bed 
about  six  pounds.  None  of  the  clovers 
are  well  suited  to  grow  on  poor  land.  2. 
Early  Spring.  The  roots  must  never  be 
allowed  to  dry  out ;  between  digging  and 
planting  protect  them  in  a  puddle  of  loam 
and  water. 


Petroleum  Cement.— The  use  of  petro¬ 
leum  in  mixing  cement,  page  1,108,  recalls 
the  old  custom  of  mixing  mortar  with  ale 
where  extra  strength  was  desired— no 
doubt  an  eminently  safe  way  of  using 
strong  ale.  We  are  told  that  during  the 
‘  great  frost  of  1G07,  the  “Building 
Countess”  of  Shrewsbury,  “Bess  of  Hard¬ 
wick,  who  had  been  told  by  a  soothsayer 
that  her  life  would  last  as  long  as  she 
continued  to  build,  set  masons  to  work 
with  hot  ale  to  mix  the  mortar,  but  the 
cold  conquered,  and  the  old  lady  did  not 
survive,  though  monuments  to  her  build¬ 
ing  ability  still  stand  in  England. 

Business  in  Ferns. — As  evidence  of  the 
u  ay  new  hues  of  business  are  developing 
in  the  country  the  following  item  from  a 
Vermont  paper  is  given  : 

“More  than  820,000  has  been  paid  out 
during  the  months  of  September,  October 
and  the  first  half  of  November  to  gather¬ 
ers  of  wild  ferns  in  the  four  Bennington 
County  towns  of  Woodford,  Stamford, 
Searsburg  and  Readsboro.  In  this  sum  is 
not  included  the  outlay  for  packing  and 
hauling,  but  it  comprises  the  actual  wages 
of  the  pickers.  It  involves  a  mathematical 
problem  that  is  easily  solved,  for  the  pick¬ 
ers  were  paid  by  the  piece,  four  cents  a 
100,  and  as  there  have  been  over  50,000,000 
ferns  shipped  out  of  the  mountains  this 
season,  the  sum  total  is  easily  reached. 
All  of  25,000,000  were  sent  out  from  the 
freight  house  of  the  Rutland  Railroad  in 
Bennington,  and  the  shipments  from  the 
other  side  of  the  mountain  by  the  way  of 
North  Adams,  Mass.,  have  been  even 

•W*-  The  pickers  are  paid  four  cents  a 
100  for  the  ferns  tied  in  bundles  of  25 
each,  borne  of  the  experts  during  the  pres- 
'•nt  season  have  at  that  rate  earned  be¬ 
tween  .$7  and  $8  in  a  single  day.  The 
ferns  were  shipped  from  the  station  in  this 
village  either  in  crates  or  baskets,  the  lat¬ 
ter  method  being  used  by  the  Greek  firms 
m  Now  York.  Brague  &  Son  shipped  one 
car  load  as  far  west  as  Denver,  Colo. 
During  the  past  two  years  the  industry 
has  grown  to  such  an  extent  that  the  lum¬ 
ber  companies  that  control  the  mountain 
and  on  which  the  ferns  are  gathered  now 
lease  the  picking  privileges  instead  of 
permitting  free  access  to  the  propertv  as 
was  formerly  the  case." 


Without 
a  Gook? 

Never  mind  you  can  have 
a  good  breakfast  if  there’s  a 
package  of 

Post 

Toasties 

in  the  house. 

This  delicious  food,  ready 
to  serve  without  cooking,  is 
always  welcome  and  makes 

Breakfast 

a  Delight 

“The  Memory  Lingers” 


Postum  Cereal  Company,  Ltd., 
Battle  Creek,  Mich. 


Monarch 


Hydraulic 

Cider  Press 


Great  strength  and  ca¬ 
pacity;  all  sizes;  also 
gasoline  engines, 
steam  engines, 
sawmills,  thresh. 
»  .  ”  ““  ers.  Catalog  free 

Monarch  Machinery  Co*  609  Cortlandt  Bldg..  New  Yorli 


We  Do  More  Than  Guarantee 

This  Great  Farmers  Motor  Car  To  You 

SO  wonderful  is  the  great  value  in  the  Abbott-Detroit,  so  firmly  are  we 
convinced  of  its  ability  to  outlive  the  toughest  conditions,  so  complete  is 
our  belief  that  no  other  car  in  the  world  is  so  well  suited  to  the  farmer 
because  of  type,  strength  and  price,  that  we  are  willing  to  outdo  all  others  in 
protecting  our  owners,  in  spending  thousands  of  dollars,  that  others  keep  as  profits,  for  giving 
regular  instruction  and  maintenance  service  to  all  who  purchase  the  Abbott-Detroit. 

When  you  get  your  Abbott-Detroit  you  will  not  only  have  the  best  motor  car  in  the 
world  at  the  price  but  you  will  have  behind  you  a  great  organization  of  experts  whose  idea 
is  permanence  and  not  immediate  profit  and  who  will  see  to  it  that  your  Abbott-Detroit  is  in 
nrst-class  condition  all  the  time. 

This  Remarkable  “Pedigreed” 

ff  bbofr  flefroit 

Really  Does  Not  Need  A  Guarantee  It’s  So  Strong 


Every  Abbott-Detroit  turned  out  of  our  fac¬ 
tory  is  so  perfect,  so  absolutely  a  unit  in  con¬ 
struction  and  so  powerful  right  down  to  tiie  last 
nut  aud  screw  that  you  can  drive  it  over  the 
worst  roads  aud  it  will  never  give  a  sign  of  any¬ 
thing  but  magnificent  balance  and  standardiza¬ 
tion.  That’s  why  you  have  hardly  any  repair 
charges  and  the  cost  of  running  this  car  is  way 
down  to  bed  rock.  It  is  easy  to  operate,  easy  to 

keep  in  good  running  condition,  easy  to  keep 

looking  like  a  brand  new  car.  It  requires  little 
money  and  little  attention  for  anything. 

There  are  many  other  cars  listed  at  $1500  but 
by  the  time  you  have  paid  for  all  the  extras  you 
have  expended  up  to  $2000.  The  Abbott-Detroit 


at  $1500  includes  everything  but  top  and  wind¬ 
shield.  It  includes  a  complete  electric  light 
equipment  of  two  electric  headlights  and  com¬ 
bination  electric  and  oil  side  aud  rear  lamps 
aud  Bosch  High  Tension  or  Splitdorf  dual  igni¬ 
tion  system. 

Continually  bear  in  mind  that  the  Abbott- 
Detroit  has  many  features  heretofore  found  only 
in  motor  cars  selling:  up  to  $4000. 

Write  for  the  Book  of  the  Abbott-Detroit  in 
which  we  tell  you  everything  about  the  car  and 
what  we  do  tor  you  after  you  buy  it.  Let  us  give 
you  a  letter  of  introduction  to  your  local  dealer 
so  that  you  can  see  the  car  itself.  Drop  us  a 
postal  now  before  our  supply  of  books  runs  out 


Abbott  Motor  Co. 


126  Waterloo  St 


Detroit,  Mich. 


CAHOON 


Saves  buying  expensive  drills.  Most 
k  perfect  broadcast  sower  for  all  grain 
r  and  grass  seed.  Accurate,  simple, 

I  durable.  Made  of  steel,  iron  and  brass.  Lasts  a  life  time. 

.  *>avea  time ,  saves  seed  and  gives  bigger  crons 
Highest  priced  sower  made,  but  pays  for  itself  many  times  yearly  If 

™rrpWfiLCri0 *, y,0"'  we  win  deliver  the  Cahoon  to  any 
?3ESiSs  fflce  e,a«of  the, Mississippi  River  on  receipt  of  $i.  Send  for 

Iesrseed°Tt”7Ireen.,,ttl;  te“S  how  to  producc  blggeV  cr^wlth 

G00DELL  CO..  14  Main  St,,  Antrim.  New  Hampshire 


HARVEY  BOLSTER  SPRINGS 

.Soon  save  their  cost.  Make  crerywagon  a  spring 
jj  wngon,  therefore  iruit,  vegetables,  eggs,  etc.. 

[I  bring  more  money.  Aslc  lor  special  proposition. 

HlUnrey  Spring  Co.,  U«-  17th  SC,  Racine,  \1U. 


GUARANTEED 


COOK  YOUR  FEED  and  SAVE 
Half  the  Cost— with  the 

profit  farm  boiler 


\v  1th  Dumping  Caldron.  Empties 
its  kettle  in  one  minute.  The  simpleat 
aud  best  arrangement  for  cooking 
food  for  stock.  A  Iso  make  Dairv  ana 

l.nilmlpv  Ufavoo  Ilf..  A- _ J  J 


lit  VMl  At  A  DllftiCtC.  i  T7  Q0H(J 

for  particulars  and  ask  for  circular*  I 
1>.  R.  SPERRY  &  (JO.*  Rutuvia,  LU* 


.Yours  FREE  30  Days 

r  .  f  F*ay  Freight  Anywhere 

Just  let  me  send  my  Chatham  Fanning  Mill  to  your 
R.  R.  Station  on  n  month’s  trial.  No  nionev  no 
contract  and  I  pay  the  freight.  Return  at  Sy  t>v 
penso  or  keep  it  and  take  a  year  to  pay  me.  Just  ?et 
me  prove  the  money  you  can  make  with  a 

CHATHAM  SSfcffi 

^**aIlsa,nd  gradesail  kinds  of  seeds,  grasses  and  grains.  Don’t 
grow  weeds  or  thin  stands.  Land  and  taxes  are  too  high.  Double 
Doltei  !»  !‘^e‘terfcr°psand  have  high-priced  scedjo  sell.  Send 

1  BOOK  No  ioa  -.'  n  n  u0’  ll  ,,<:'ral  terlns-  aIld  get  FREE 
!?4-Te,ls  how  thousands  are  making  big, 

C  V  f  pro*i*s  W|th  a  Chatham.  Send  your  name  by  next  mail 
Address  Manson  Campbell,  Pres. ,  * 

-  —  Detroit, 


No  Money  Down 
No  Note 

No  Contract 


-  wwa  mu 

MANSON 


»  r..  Wl4  vHmrotu  uu*.  Detroit.  Mich 

Kansas  City,  Mo.;  St.  Paul,  Minn.;  Seattle,  Wash. 


—  ns  and  Riddles  • 
Enough  for  Every  Purpos# 


A  “2“  L!TTfE.R  CAR8IEB  Ranges  barn  drudgery  into  child’s  play. 

I  «'£SS?ra» 1 fiffSL.' 

[  load  autom«ticall™and  returns  toyouP’  Wherever  7°°  want  dumps 

The  Louden  Way 

Keeps  barns  clean  and  sanitary-Keeps  cows  healthy-they  will  virr 

utcher  mi  k’  Saves  lime•  Iabor  and  money.  A  Louden  Latter]  J 
barrier  will  save  its  cost  many  times  in  a  year.  1 1 

Loudens  special  electro-galvanizing  process  gives  all  Louden  nrn 
ducts  a  beautiful.  lasting  finish.  Looks  clean-elsy  to  keep  clean- 
never  rusts  lasts  much  longer  than  ordinary  hot  process  galvanizing 

““thedeaw'  fe  Jc^V^r'leT.  M°U^ 

an d  v a  1  u'a b  l^bookVn  manure  valuta t0niI,'Ut°  Catal°g  °f  ba™  ^uipment 

LOUDEN  MACHINERY  CO.',  m  Broadway.  Fairfield,  Iowa. 


98 

Does  Fertilizer  Lose  by  Standing? 

H.  V.  D.  ( No  address)  —  Does  fertilizer 
lose  its  value  by  age?  It  is  about  four 
years  old,  but  was  under  roof  all  the  time. 
Originally  it  was  1-8-4. 

AnS. — Well-made  fertilizer  will  lose 
little  of  its  value  if  kept  dry  and  well 
protected.  In  a  shed  or  outdoors  where 
rain  could  wash  through  it  there  will 
be  some  loss.  Usually  where  acid 
phosphate  is  used  the  phosphoric  acid 
may  become  somewhat  less  available 
from  standing,  but  there  will  be  little 
actual  loss.  The  chief  trouble  is  that 
some  mixtures  “cake  ’  or  grow  hard  and 
lumpy  when  they  stand  long. 

The  Bismarck  Apple. 

W.  H.  K.,  New  York,  N.  Y. — Will  you 
give  me  some  facts  about  the  Bismarck 
apple  tree,  and  its  fruit?  T\hat  is  the 
size  of  mature  trees,  comparing  it  with 
Baldwin,  Wealthy  or  Sutton  Beauty?  Is 
the  Bismarck  fruit  considered  poor,  medium 
or  good  quality,  and  is  it  fit  for  culinary 
use? 

Ans. — The  Bismarck  apple  tree  is  not 
so  thrifty  and  large  in  its  habit  of 
growth  as  most  of  our  standard  va¬ 
rieties  and  it  bears  very  early  in  life, 
but  not  earlier  than  the  Wealthy.  Bald¬ 
win  and  Sutton  are  not  precocious  bear¬ 
ers.  The  fruit  is  of  fair  size,  flat  in 
shape,  red  striped  and  of  a  tart  flavor 
that  is  not  especially  liked  for  eating  in 
the  fresh  state,  but  is  very  good  when 
cooked.  The  apples  keep  quite  well  into 
the  Winter.  h.  e.  v.  d. 

Potatoes  Under  Straw. 

R.  E.  B.,  Strasbourg,  Va. — 1  am  going  to 
put  my  old  orchard  in  corn  this  Spring, 
and  about  one-half  acre,  between  rows 
(apple),  in  potatoes.  The  soil  is  sandy 
underlaid  with  heavy  clay  and  covered  with 
a  heavy  sod  of  Blue  grass.  How  would  it 
do  to  manure  soil  for  the  potatoes,  place 
the  potatoes  in  rows  and  cover  deeply  with 
straw?  Would  this  be  as  good  as  or  better 
than  plowing  ground  and  planting  in  regu¬ 
lar  way? 

Ans. — We  should  not  try  to  grow 
potatoes  that  way.  Manure  on  sod  is 
not  as  good  as  fertilizer  for  this  crop. 
As  for  growing  potatoes  under  straw 
it  is  often  done,  but  in  every  case  we 
have  heard  of  the  soil  was  plowed  first 
and  the  seed  pieces  covered  with  soil 
and  then  with  straw.  We  should  con¬ 
sider  it  a  good  way  not  to  do  it  to  put 
seed  pieces  on  top  of  the  ground  and 
pile  straw  over  them.  Plow  the  ground 
first.  Then  if  you  want  to  try  the 
straw  plant  in  shallow  rows,  close  to¬ 
gether  and  put  the  straw  on  top. 


THE  KUKAb  NEW-YORKER 


January  28, 


Planting  and  Handling  Apple  Trees. 

G.  H.  S.,  Woburn,  Miss. — I  intend  to  set 
out  some  apple  trees.  How  late  can  I 
set  them,  also  how  long  can  they  be  kept 
after  I  receive  them  before  I  get  them  all 
set  out?  Which  is  the  better  time  to  set 
out,  Spring  or  Fall?  I  do  not  wish  to 
plant  and  wait  six  or  seven  years  and  then 
find  I  have  something  different  from  what 
1  ordered,  as  I  would  then  have  to  graft 
and  wait  three  or  four  years  more. 

Ans. — It  will  depend  upon  the  growth 
which  these  trees  have  started.  From 
choice  we  should  plant  the  trees  while 
the  buds  are  dormant.  We  prefer  Spring. 
In  northern  New  Jersey  this  would  mean 
early  April,  but  we  have  delayed  plant¬ 
ing  until  the  latter  part  of  May.  We 
would  rather  not  plant  after  the  trees 
have  sent  out  fair-sized  leaves,  though  if 
the  soil  is  moist  and  warm  you  can  make 
such  trees  live.  When  you  receive  the 
trees  from  the  nursery  get  them  out  of 
the  cases  and  “heel”  them  in.  Dig  a 
ditch  or  plow  a  good  furrow  and  put 
the  tree  roots  into  it  and  cover  with 
soil,  packing  it  firmly  down.  Keep  the 
roots  protected  from  sun  and  air  in  this 
way  and  you  can  keep  the  trees  in¬ 
definitely.  Regarding  “substitution”  of 
fruit  varieties,  most  of  the  nurserymen 
who  have  been  in  business  long  are  care¬ 
ful,  but  the  best  of  them  make  mistakes 
at  times.  We  have  planted  over  3,000 
trees,  and  as  they  come  in  bearing  most 
of  them  are  true.  A  few  nurserymen 
will  give  some  sort  of  a  guarantee,  but 
no  man  can  be  “dead  sure”  to  get  every 
tree  right.  We  would  not  buy  from  tree 
agents,  and  if  possible  avoid  trees  that 
have  been  bought  and  sold  by  various 
nurserymen. 


Clover  in  the  Silo. 

I  have  a  heavy  clay  loam  farm  and  am 
interested  in  making  silage  of  Red  clovei. 

I  would  like  an  article  on  how  to  do  it  in 
the  best  manner,  as  shown  by  the  experience 
of  those  who  have  done  it. 

TURNER  BUSWELL. 

The  best  way  to  obtain  such  an  article 
is  to  ask  our  readers  to  give  their  ex¬ 
perience.  This  they  will  do.  As  a  rule 
clover  does  not  make  very  satisfactory 
silage.  Most  dairymen  seem  to  think  it 
pays  best  to  feed  the  clover  as  hay  and 
fill  the  silo  with  corn.  We  shall  be 
glad  to  have  the  facts. 

A  Farm  “  Limed  to  Death.” 

D.  D.  C.,  Tidewater,  Fa.— I  have  a  farm 
that  has  been  "limed"  to  death  with  marl, 
eo  that  it  will  not  grow  buckwheat  a  foot 
high.  What  treatment  would  be  best  to 
restore  it  to  fertility  quickly? 

Ans. — It  certainly  is  possible  to  injure 
land  by  using  too  much  lime — just  as 
we  could  ruin  a  crop  with  too  much 
water  or  too  much  air.  Most  crops  pre¬ 
fer  a  slightly  alkaline  soil,  but  too  much 
lime  hurts.  To  overcome  the  effect 
of  the  lime  you  can  use  acid  phosphate 
freely  or  get  some  green  crop  started 
and  plow  under  in  warm  weather,  while 
the  plants  are  soft  and  full  of  sap.; 
Leave  the  soil  loose  and  fermentation 
will  quickly  start.  Has  anyone  had  act¬ 
ual  experience? 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'j.  get  a  quick  reply  and 
"a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 

Sowing  Fertilizers  with  Grain. 

There  has  been  a  great  deal  said  and 
written  on  the  subject  of  sowing  ferti¬ 
lizers  with  wheat  and  other  small  grains. 
In  most  states  it  is  acknowledged  that  it 
pays  to  use  commercial  fertilizers.  Those 
who  have  had  the  greatest  experience 
with  these  soil  enrichers,  agree  that  they 
are  difficult  to  handle,  being  very  easily 
affected  by  climatic  conditions.  That  is, 
they  gather  moisture,  and,  therefore,  at 
times  become  pasty  and  sticky.  This 
causes  corrosion,  gumming  and  cement¬ 
ing  of  the  fertilizer  feeds.'  In  order  to 
overcome  this  difficulty  the  makers  of 
the  Buckeye  Grain  and  Fertilizer  Drill 
have  adopted  a  glass  cone  feed  which 
does  not  corrode.  They  have  also  lined 
the  fertilizer  hopper  with  galvanized 
iron,  and  provided  same  with  an  agita¬ 
tor  which  swings  slowly  in  the  fertilizer 
hopper,  keeps  the  fertilizer  from  bank¬ 
ing  up  and  prevents  lumps  from  causing 
trouble.  The  prongs  on  this  agitator 
play  over  the  hopper  bottom  and  around 
the  non-corrosive  glass  discs,  thoroughly 
cleaning  and  scraping  same.  It  makes 
no  difference  what  kind  the  fertilizer  is, 
the  Buckeye  is  guaranteed  to  handle  and 
sow  it  in  great  range  of  quantities.  The 
Buckeye  Grain  Drill  has  many  good 
points  not  to  be  found  on  other  drills. 
The  grain  feed  is  of  the  internal  type, 
with  two  throats  or  feeding  channels, 
and  change  of  quantity  is  obtained  by 
changing  the  speed  of  the  distributor 
wheel  in  the  double  feed  cup.  This  feed 
will  sow  all  large  seeds — Lima  beans,  red 
kidney  beans,  peas,  beets,  oats — as  well 
as  wheat  and  all  other  small  grains.  In 
other  words,  there  is  no  seed  too  large 
and  none  too  small  for  the  positive  force 
feed  of  a  Buckeye  Drill,  and  the  quantity 
is  under  absolute  control  of  the  user  at 
all  times.  The  frame  is  of  square  steel 
tubing  and  furnishes  a  most  solid  and 
substantial  foundation  for  the  drill.  The 
manufacturers,  The  American  Seeding- 
Machine  Co.,  Incorporated,  of  Spring- 
field,  Ohio,  will  be  pleased  to  send  any 
of  our  readers  a  Buckeye  catalogue.  We 
would  also  recommend  prospective  pur¬ 
chasers  to  go  to  their  local  implement 
dealer  and  insist  on  seeing  the  Buckeye 
Drill,  which  is  made  in  plain  and  ferti¬ 
lizer  styles  in  single  disc,  double  disc, 
hoe  and  shoe. 


3-3 


Treat  your 
^  plants  right! 
Use,  Sunlight 
Double  Glass 
Sash 


<— 1  »  *  and  0 


for  Hot -beds 
and  Cold-frames 


Double  G1&-SS  Sa.sK 


A  y'a  inch  layer  of  dry  still  Air,  between  the  two  layers  of 

glass,  affords  ample  Protection  in  the  coldest  weather. 


This  transparent  blanket  eliminates  all  mats, 
boards  or  coverings  of  any  kind,  and  does  away 
with  the  hard  work. 

Plants  get  all  the  light  all  the  time 

which  makes  them  grow  faster  and  sturdier  and 
puts  them  on  the  market  weeks  in  advance  of 
those  grown  under  single  glass  sash.  Glass  is  held 
in  place  without  putty.  Can’t  work  loose.  Easily 
replaced. 

1 0  degrees  below  zero 

tTilmer  A.  Lyon,Lyndonville,  Vermont,  writes: 


“10  below  zero.  Plants  under  Sunlight  Hash  un¬ 
hurt,  the  sa»h  were  not  covered."  Write  us  for 

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Two  reports  of  the  work  done  by  Mr.  Wallace  under  the  Niagara 
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FOSTERS  RAM 


1911. 


ROOT,  HOG  OR  DIE! 

One  of  our  readers  in  Central  New  York 
has  two  strong  sows  to  farrow  in  March. 
Ilis  idea  was  to  house  and  feed  the  pigs 
well  until  about  the  first  of  May,  or  when 
the  pigs  were  a  little  over  six  weeks  old. 
Then  turn  the  sows  and  pigs  into  a  wood 
pasture.  This  consists  of  25  acres  of  tim¬ 
ber  covered  with  beech  and  maple.  Tibs 
wood  field  is  practically  covered  with  yellow 
lilies,  and  the  whole  ground  is  a  mass  of 
roots.  What  will  be  the  result  if  he  turns 
the  sows  and  the  pigs  into  this  field,  and 
does  nothing  more  to  them  until  Fall  except 
to  see  that  they  have  water  and  shelter? 

I  think  the  results  of  that  man’s  pig 
raising  would  be  very  unprofitable.  The 
brood  sows  after  the  pigs  were  weaned 
would  probably  summer  in  those  woods 
in  fairly  good  shape,  but  the  food  they 
would  find  there  would  not  produce 
milk  enough  to  keep  the  pigs  thrifty, 
and  when  a  pig  gets  stunted  it  is  a 
hard  matter  to  get  much  growth,  even 
if  well  fed  later  on,  and  the  young  pigs 
would  certainly  have  to  have  something 
better  than  lily  roots  to  get  any  growth 
on  them.  I  would  wean  the  pigs  when 
they  are  five  or  six  weeks  old,  and  feed 
on  skim-milk  if  I  could  get  it,  with 
middlings  added  as  they  grow  older. 
If  I  could  not  get  the  milk  I  would  use 
wheat  middlings  100  pounds,  corn,  rye 
or  barley  meal  100  pounds,  oil  meal  25 
pounds.  If  I  used  cornmeal  would 
add  50  pounds  finely  ground  oats.  I 
would  have  two  barrels  to  mix  the  slop 
in  and  have  one  souring  while  I  was 
feeding  from  the  other.  If  possible 
as  soon  as  I  could  I  would  put  the 
pigs  on  a  grass  lot,  clover  or  Alfalfa  is 
best,  but  a  June  grass  pasture  will  do 
very  well.  Then  if  those  beech  trees 
have  a  good  crop  of  nuts  in  the  Fall  he 
could  turn  the  pigs  in  there  as  soon  as 
the  nuts  begin  to  fall,  and  they  would 
fatten  on  them  very  rapidly.  He  might 
breed  the  sows  for  Fall  litters,  and  they 
would  thrive  nicely  as  long  as  the  mast 
lasted  without  any  other  feed. 

Schuyler  Co.,  N.  Y.  a.  h.  prince. 

I  have  never  had  any  experience  in 
that  line,  but  remember  in  my  boyhood 
of  farmers  letting  their  hogs  run  in  the 
woods  in  search  of  acorns  or  beech 
nuts,  when  the  crop  of  corn  was  scarce. 
But  it  seems  to  me  that  at  the  present 
time,  when  the  pigs  can  go  to  market  at 
an  early  date,  or  in  other  words  at  from 


The:  rurae 


CATCHING  A  WEASEL  AWAKE. 


Heading  of  a  Western  skunk  and  his 
work  in  a  recent  issue  of  The  R.  N.-Y. 
reminded  me  to  tell  of  my  experiences  late¬ 
ly.  Something  came  to  my  ben  coop  about 
two  weeks  ago  and  killed  two  grown  pul¬ 
lets  and  crippled  one.  It  got  into  the  coop 
through  a  very  small  opening,  about  a  two- 
inch  crack.  We  set  traps  and  caught  two 
cats,  one  the  first  night  ande  one  the  next; 
then  I  took  up  the  traps,  because  I  didn’t 
wish  to  cripple  all  the  cats  in  the  neighbor¬ 
hood.  We  did  not  think  we  would  be  both¬ 
ered  any  more ;  thought  we  had  all  the 
coops  closed  so  that  they  would  be  safe.  I 
had  about  60  half-grown  chickens  in  two 
small  coops  about  75  feet  from  the  kitchen. 
Our  chicken  yard  is  enclosed  with  welded 
wire.  I  went  out  a  few  mornings  ago  to 
feed,  and  on  opening  one  of  the  small  coops 
found  26  dead  chickens,  every  one  a  nice 
one.  Almost  all  were  Plymouth  Rocks. 
They  were  all  bitten  in  the  very  same  place, 
at  the  base  of  the  head,  and  I  reckoned  the 
thief  must  be  very  small,  as  he  had  got 
through  a  knothole  not  more  than  1  y2 
inch  in  diameter  that  was  in  the  back  of 
the  coop  about  one  foot  from  the  ground. 

I  had  the  chickens  taken  away,  except  two 
that  I  kept  for  bait,  but  I  didn't  think  I 
would  be  so  lucky  as  to  catch  the  thief.  In 
the  afternoon  my  little  boy  saw  something 
run  around  the  coop  and  called  me.  I 


called  a  neighbor  to  bring  his  gun  ;  he  came 
in  a  hurry.  We  threw  the  coop  over  and 
out  popped  a  weasel,  and  the  gun  did  the 
rest.  He  was  under  the  coop  eating  one 
of  the  chickens  I  had  saved  for  bait;  had 
been  under  there  all  day,  I  presume.  It 
was  the  first  weasel  I  had  ever  seen,  and 
it  wras  hard  to  believe  so  small  an  animal 
could  do  so  much  damage.  jirs.  c.  b. 

Virginia. 


Piling  or  Broadcasting  Manure. 


I  am  having  stable  manure  (from  mules) 
hauled  out  and  put  on  the  garden  land  in 
small  heaps  of  one  load  in  each  heap.  A 
friend  of  mine  advises  to  broadcast  the 
manure.  The  land  cannot  be  plowed  until 
the  last  of  February  or  early  in  March. 
M  ould  it  be  better  to  scatter  the  manure 
and  leave  it  lying  on  the  ground  until 
Febiuary  or  March  before  it  is  plowed  un- 
dei,  or  put  in  small  piles  and  leave  until 
ready  to  plow  and  then  broadcast? 


JMiijay,  ua.  $>.  E_ 

If  the  soil  is  reasonably  level  without 
any  surface  wash  we  would  as  soon  spread 
the  manure  all  over.  There  will  be  little 
if  any  loss,  but  if  the  garden  is  near  the 
house  this  spreading  will  be  more  offensive 
than  the  piles.  We  think  this  matter  of 
spreading  or  piling  is  pretty  much  a  ques- 
•  ,ot  abor.  where  the  land  is  level,  There 
will  be  but  little  loss.  You  will  gain  little 
except  time  by  spreading  now. 


M  hen  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y .  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
"a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


NEW-YORKER 


Motor  Cars  Have 
Come  to  Stay 

and  it  will  pay  any  farmer  who  owns  one  to  build  a 
concrete  garage  to  house  it  in  safety.  A  cement  struct¬ 
ure,  which  is  hre-proof,  will  materially  reduce  the  fire 
risk  which  attends  keeping  a  gasoline  car  indoors. 
The  floor  will  not  be  injured  by  oil  and  water  dripping 
from  the  machine. 

Complete  Detailed  Plans  FREE 

1— Concrete  Walks  2- Troughs  3 -Porches  and  Steps 

If  you  want  instructions  on  how  to  build  concrete  floors,  founda¬ 
tions,  well  curbs,  posts,  silos,  tanks,  dipping  vats,  cisterns  or 
concrete  blocks,  or  anything  else,  write  us  at  once,  describing 
fully  just  what  you  want  to  build. 


W e  invite  correspondence  on  any  kind  of  concrete  work 
and  will  write  you  individually,  giving  our  advice  and  in¬ 
structions  for  obtaining  the  best  results.  This  service  is 
free.  The  only  expense  to  you  will  be  the  postage  used 
in  writing  us.  Address  the  nearest  office  of  the  Company. 


five  to  six  months  of  age,  they  are  the 
most  profitable.  This  can  be  done  by 
a  little  forcing  with  clover  pasture 
added.  In  regard  to  the  woods  pasture, 
if  there  are  so  many  lilies  is  it  not  wet 
or  the  ground  low,  which  would  breed 
disease?  If  not,  perhaps  he  may  suc¬ 
ceed  with  his  venture,  but  would  sug¬ 
gest  a  small  ration  of  whole  corn  for 
at  least  four  or  six  weeks,  scattered 
on  the  ground.  It  would  cause  the 
youngsters  to  hustle  for  their  share, 
and  it  is  surprising  how  they  will  grow 
on  it.  If  this  man  makes  a  success  of 
his  experiment,  I  would  like  to  know 
about  it,  as  I  have  never  been  able  to 
get  something  for  nothing,  as  he  seems 
to  expect.  eeias  babcock. 

Schoharie  Co.,  N.  Y. 


I  lack  actual  experience  in  pork  pro 
duction  along  the  lines  suggested  i 
your  letter,  but  I  consider  weaning  tim 
the  most  critical  period  in  a  pig’s  shoi 
life,  and  any  injury  sustained  at  tha 
time  is  seldom  if  ever  outgrown ;  there 
fore  I  would  hesitate  to  turn  pigs  o 
that^  age  into  the  Yvoods  expecting  then 
to  find  their  food,  which  would  be  si 
entirely  different  from  the  dam’s  milk 
I  consider  the  nearer  we  can  keep  t( 
nature’s  way  in  feeding,  the  better  re 
suits  we  may  expect.  I  think  this  woo< 
lot  will  do  Yrery  well  for  a  hog  pasture 
and  if  sufficient  feed  and  care  are  give: 
ought  to  produce  pork  at  a  handsomt 
profit.  While  writing  this  I  have  ii 
mind  a  case  which  so  clearly  demon 
strates  the  results  of  feed  and  care  tha 
I  am  going  to  give  it  to  you.  In  Ma\ 
last  I  sold  two  pairs  of  pigs,  one  paii 
equally  as  good  as  the  other  at  wean¬ 
ing  time.  One  buyer  gave  his  plentj, 
to  eat,  while  the  other  thought  he  coulc 
make  pork  cheaper  to  feed  a  little  less 
even  if  they  didn’t  grow  quite  so  fast 
I  hey  killed  both  pairs  the  same  day 
and  when  they  were  weighed  the  first 
had  produced  I6OJ/2  pounds  more  pork 
than  the  second.  I  found  upon  inquiry 
that  the  former  had  used  300  pounds  of 
gram  (at  $1.50  per  100)  more  than  the 
latter.  F  c  FIELDS_ 

Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y. 


CHEATED  FOR  YEARS. 

Prejudice  Will  Cheat  Us  Often  It  We 
Uet  It. 


You  will  be  astonished  to  find  how 
largely  you  are  influenced  in  every  way 
b\  umeasoning  prejudice.  In  many 
cases  you  will  also  find  that  the  preju¬ 
dice  has  swindled  you,  or  rather,  made 
you  swindle  yourself.  A  case  in  illus¬ 
tration  : 

“I  have  been  a  constant  user  of  Grape- 
Auts  for  nearly  three  years,”  says  a  cor¬ 
respondent,  and  I  am  happy  to  say  that 
I  am  well  pleased  with  the  result  of  the 
experiment,  for  such  it  has  been. 

Seeing  your  advertisement  in  almost 
all  of  the  periodicals,  for  a  long  time  I 
looked  upon  it  as  a  hoax.  But  after 
years  of  suffering  with  gaseous  and  bit¬ 
ter  eructations  from  my  stomach,  to- 
'  gether  with  more  or  less  loss  of  appetite 
and  flesh,  I  concluded  to  try  Grape-Nuts 
lood  for  a  little  time  and  note  the  result. 

"I  found  it  delicious,  and  it  was  not 
long  till  I  began  to  experience  the  bene¬ 
ficial  qffects.  My  stomach  resumed  its 
normal  state,  the  eructations  and  bitter¬ 
ness  ceased  and  I  have  gained  all  my 
lost  weight  back. 

"I  am  so  well  satisfied  with  the  result 
that  so  long  as  I  may  live  and  retain  my 
reason  Grape-Xuts  shall  constitute  quite 
a  portion  of  my  daily  food.” 

Read  “The  Road  to  Wellville,”  in 
pkgs.  “There’s  a  Reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter?  A  new 
one  appears  from  time  to  time.  They 
are  genuine,  true,  and  full  of  human 
interest. 


Martin  Fertilizers 

again,  in  1910,  far  exceed  expectations  in  sales  and 
fTP-vesu  *s'  Farmers  for  20  or  more  years  using 
fertilizers  say  they  never  had  as  good  crops  as  with 
Martin  s:  oats  over  60  bu.,  wheat  over  30  bu.  per 
acre  with  but  150  pounds.  Agents  are  selling  mnrp 
MARTIN  PURE  ANIMAL  BONE  FERTILIZERS  easier  and  in 
less  time  than  any  they  ever  sold.  Raw  materials 

th,e  best  ancl  chlefly  from  our  own  7  large 
abattoirs  and  stockyards.  We  want  active,  re¬ 
sponsible  agents  at  once.  Farmers  who  have  snare 

YVrfre  NOW  th6  Winter  c:in  *0  their  income^ 
Write  NOW.  Mention  this  paper 

D.  B.  MARTIN  CO„  706  Penn  Bldg.,  Pittsburg',  Pa, 


UNIVERSAL  PcementD  COMPANY 

CHICAGO  —  PITTSBURG 

Northwestern  Office:  Minneapolis 


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Cultivates  crops  up  to  5  feet  high.  Covers  two  furrows 
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simplifies  the  work  and  prepares  for  big  results. 
'Strong,  compact  and  lasting.  Fully  guaranteed.' 

Write  today  for  1911  illustrated  catalogue  of  all  ^  ' 

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January  28, 


100 

APPLES  FOR  WISCONSIN. 

O.  E.,  Green  Bay,  11 is. —  I  would  like  an 
opinion  as  to  quality  and  adaptability  to 
the  climate  of  Green  Bay,  Wis.,  of  the  fol¬ 
lowing  apples,  soil  being  clay,  with  quite  a 
slope  to  the  east:  Wilson  Red  June  (for 
filler),  Delicious  (for  main  crop),  King 
David  (for  main  crop),  Senator,  Stayman, 
Grimes,  Magnet.  1  would  like  to  find  some 
sorts  of  apples  to  be  grown  by  up-to-date 
methods  for  fancy  trade. 

Ans.— All  of  the  varieties  mentioned 
in  this  list  are  good,  and  I  may  say 
very  good.  Delicious  and  Grimes  are 
of  the  very  highest  character  in  quality, 
and  are  also  good  bearers  over  the  en¬ 
tire  apple  growing  regions.  The  only 
question  in  my  mind  about  planting  all 
of  those  named  is  that  of  adaptability 
to  the  climate  of  Wisconsin.  It  is  too 
cold  I  fear.  Just  across  Lake  Michigan, 
to  the  eastward,  there  would  be  no 
question  of  thip  kind,  for  the  lakie 
has  a  very  ameliorating  effect  on  the 
climate,  but  on  the  western  shore  the 
cold  winds  from  the  prairie  -  regions  to 
the  northwest  are  very  severe.  Occa¬ 
sional  Winters  are  warm  enough,  but 
every  now  and  then  the  mercury  goes 
down  to  30  degrees  below  zero,  and  even 
lower,  and  then  trees  of  all  the  ordin¬ 
ary  varieties  of  the  apples  are  almost 
sure  to  be  damaged,  h.  e.  van  deman. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


NEW  YORK  STATE  FRUIT  GROWERS’ 
ASSOCIATION. 

1'aht  II. 

President  Case  is  in  Florida  this  Winter, 
but  he  sent  in  his  annual  address,  in  which 
he  emphasizes  the  rare  opportunities  offered 
by  New  York  State  to  the  fruit  growers. 
He  said  :  “I  want  to  say  I  am  more  than 
ever  convinced  that  certain  sections  of  New 
York  State  are  the  most  favored  sections 
for  fruit  growing  that  there  are  in  the 
United  States.  They  have  more  freedom 
from  frosts,  more  natural  fruit  soils,  less 
transportation  charges  to  the  large  con¬ 
suming  centers,  and,  best  of  all,  we  have 
learned  to  get  a  profit  from  the  waste 
and  culls  from  our  product-  Nothing  is 
thrown  away.  On  the  other  hand  we  are 
behind  some  sections  in  the  care  of  our 
orchards.” 

Secretary-treasurer  Gillett  gave  a  very 
encouraging  report  on  membership  and  the 
nnances  of  the  association,  and  this  was 
followed  by  reports  from  the  various  stand¬ 
ing  committees.  The  reports  of  the  com¬ 
mittees  on  entomology  and  plant  pathology 
always  give  the  latest  information  on  con¬ 
trol  of  insects  and  fungus  pests  and  are 
alone  worth  going  to  these  meetings  to 
hear.  Dime-sulphur  and  arsenate  of  lead 
seem  to  be  best  materials  for  general  use 
at  present,  although  Bordeaux  still  seems 
to  have  a  place  in  controlling  grape  rot 
and  potato  blight.  It  seems  that  the  man¬ 
ner  of  application  is  more  responsible  for 
lime-sulphur  burning  than  weather  condi¬ 
tions.  Trees  should  be  thoroughly  sprayed 
with  a  very  fine  mist  but  not  drenched. 
The  condition  of  the  leaves  as  to  freedom 
from  injuries  before  the  spraying  and  the 
arsenical  used  are  also  factors  in  foliage 
injury.  Mr.  G.  E.  Bassett,  of  Michigan, 
spoke  on  ‘‘Michigan  Orchard  Methods”  and 
illustrated  his  talk  with  lantern  slides.  He 
said  New  York  and  Michigan  had  almost 
identical  conditions.  Nature  has  done  her 
best  for  these  sections  and  it  is  now  up 
to  us  to  do  our  best.  Peaches  are  his 
specialty.  He  heads  low,  10  to  18  inches, 
trains  with  an  open  head  and  prunes 
regularly  and  thoroughly,  beginning  from 
the  time  the  tree  is  set.  Thorough  culti¬ 
vation,  followed  by  a  cover  crop  each  sea¬ 
son,  is  practiced  and  regular  fertilization 
with  bone  and  potash  given.  Production 
should  be  restricted  to  the  amount  the  tree 
can  bring  to  the  highest  degree  of  perfec¬ 
tion  without  taxing  the  vitality  of  the 
tree.  He  said  northern  Michigan  was  de¬ 
veloping  a  profitable  cherry  industry  and 
told  of  the  grower  of  sweet  cherries  who 
met  the  California  product  with  northern 
Michigan  cherries  that  sold  for  25  cents 
more  per  box  on  the  Chicago  market.  1  rof. 
Wilson  gave  a  talk  on  the  packing  of  apples 
and  advised  boxes  for  dessert  varieties 
only.  He  urged  the  necessity  of  better 
grading  of  barrelled  fruit  as  well  as  the 
.  importance  of  putting  only  the  best  fruit 
in  boxes.  Prof.  Hedrick  spoke  on  “Fer¬ 
tilizers  for  Apples.”  Experiments  along 
this  line  have  been  carefully  carried  on  by 
the  Geneva  Station  for  many  yearB  and  the 
conclusion  reached  is  that  other  conditions 
being  proper,  but  little  commercial  fer¬ 
tilization  is  needed  in  western  New  York 
apple  orchards.  •  _  _  ,,  . 

Mr.  Collingwood  spoke  on  “The  Cull  m 
the  Package.”  He  urged  organization 

among  growers  to  keep  the  culls  out  of 
business  and  politics  as  well  as  out  of  the 
fruit  package.  Prof.  Pippin  spoke  on 

"Drainage  in  Relation  to  Fruit  Culture, 
and  urged  the  importance  of  thorough 


drainage  to  fruit  trees.  He  advised  the 
use  of  well  burned  hard  tile  only  and 
the  matter  of  depth  and  distance  apart 
for  drains  depends  on  the  soil  and  fall 
that  can  be  given.  Do  not  lay  tile  in  a 
hardpan.  Do  not  use  too  small  tile.  Mr. 
Bassett,  of  Michigan,  in  his  address  on 
“What  Are  We  After  and  How  Shall  We 
Get  It?”  made  as  his  point  the  keeping 
of  the  root  system  of  the  tree  ahead  of 
the  top  by  proper  care  and  feeding  and 
scientific  pruning  of  the  top  during  the 
growing  season.  Never  let  the  trees  over¬ 
bear.  A  conference  of  representatives  of 
the  different  fruit  organizations  of  the 
State  resulted  in  plans  to  hold  a  big  apple 
show  in  Rochester  the  last  week  in  Novem¬ 
ber  and  the  first  week  in  December  this 
year.  Apples  will  be  received  in  lots  from 
a  barrel  to  carloads  and  the  effort  will  be 
to  make  it  a  big  market  as  well  as  a  show. 

The  R.  N.-Y.  has  long  stood  for  the  pro¬ 
tection  of  the  fruit  growers  against  sub¬ 
stitution  by  nurserypien,  and  readers  will 
be  glad  to  learn  that  the  New  York  State 
Fruit  Growers’  Association  has  adopted  the 
following  resolution  :  _ 

“Believing  that  the  New  Y'ork  Fruit 
Growers’  Association  should  encourage 
honest  nurserymen  and  discourage  .dis¬ 
honest  ones,  it  is  declared  to  be  the  fixed 
purpose  of  this  association  to  protect  its 
members  against  the  latter.  Therefore,  be 
it  resolved,  that  there  be  and  is  hereby  es¬ 
tablished  in  the  association  a  protection 
fund  under  the  following  terms  and  con¬ 
ditions  :  , 

“Two  hundred  dollars  of  the  funds  now 
in  the  treasury  shall  be  set  apart  and 
there  shall  be  added  thereto  10  cents  of 
the  annual  dues  of  each  member,  beginning 
with  those  for  the  year  1911,  such  reserva¬ 
tion  from  the  annual  dues  to  be  continued 
until  the  fund  shall  equal  $500,  and  there¬ 
after  onlv  in  such  part  as  may  be  sufficient 
to  retain'  the  fund  at  $500.  The  protection 
fund  shall  be  used  for  the  protection  of 
members  against  flagrantly  unfair  dealings 
on  the  part  of  nurserymen,  especially  in 
the  delivery  of  nursery  stock  that  is  not 
true  to  name.  To  this  end  the  executive 
committee  is  authorized  to  prosecute  or 
aid  in  the  prosecution  of  such  nurserymen 
in  such  cases  and  in  such  manner  as  it  may 
elect,  provided  that  no  action  at  law  in  any 
case  shall  be  begun  and  no  money  shall  be 
paid  from  the  protection  fund  except  by  a 
majority  vote  or  by  tlfp  written  consent  of 
a  majority  of  the  executive  committee.  No 
one  in  the  association  shall  in  this  behalf 
Involve  the  association  in  any  cost  or  ex¬ 
pense  beyond  the  amount  actually  in  the 

fund.  ,  .  , 

“This  resolution  may  be  amended  or  re¬ 
scinded  or  the  protection  fund  may  be 
turned  into  the  general  fund  at  any  an¬ 


nual  meeting,  upon  at  least  public  notice, 
only  by  a  two-thirds  vote,  a  majority  of 
the  association  being  present  and  voting. 
In  furtherance  of  the  purposes  of  this 
resolution,  all  members  are  requested  to 
send  to  the  secretary  complaints  of  unfair 
dealing.  A  record  of  these  complaints  shall 
be  kept  in*  a  form  always  available  for 
reference,  and  an  annual  report  shall  be 
made  to  the  association  on  sueh  reports  if 
the  executive  committee  approves  so  doing. 

Few  nurserymen  would  care  to  have  any 
of  their  failings  aired  before  this  associa¬ 
tion,  and  this  fund,  even  if  it  should  never 
be  called  into  use,  should  afford  consider¬ 
able  protection  to  members. 

The  banquet  Thursday  evening  was  a  de¬ 
cided  success.  Over  750  were  present,  and 
many  were  turned  away  from  lack  of  room. 
Dean  Bailey,  of  Cornell,  was  toastmaster. 
Mr.  Collingwood  in  his  advice  to  young 
men,  said  there  were  four  things  the  young 
man  should  strive  to  obtain ;  a  wife,  a 
home,  a  piece  of  land,  and  power.  These, 
said  he,  make  the  square  that  encloses  all 
that  is  worth  living  for.  Honestly  ac¬ 
quired,  they  make  the  gateway  through 
which  a  man  may  move  out  of  this  world 
to  a  better  one  beyond  without  fear  or 
regret.  He  said  he  believed  it  was  a  mis¬ 
fortune  for  a  boy  to  be  born  with  _  a 
rich  father.  The  best  farm  opportunities 
to-day  are  to  be  found  in  the  Middle  and 
New ‘England  States  in  his  opinion,  and 
there  is  no  longer  a  surplus  of  food  but  a 
surplus  of  food  consumers.  The  secretary 
of  the  Michigan  Bornological  Society  spoke 
on  “What  Michigan  -day  Teach  New 
Y'ork.”  Commissioner  R.  D.  Pearson  was 
called  on  to  take  the  place  of  one  of  the 
absent  speakers  and  was  enthusiastically 
received  by  the  fruit  growers.  The  other 
speakers  were  Roland  B.  Woodward,  secre¬ 
tary  of  the  Rochester  Chamber  of  Com¬ 
merce  ;  W.  C.  Barrv.  president  of  the  West¬ 
ern  New  York  Horticultural  Society,  and 
Hon.  Samuel  W.  Smith,  of  Albany.  Mr. 
Smith's  subject  was  “Can  the  Educated 
Young  Farmer  Afford  to  Stay  on  the 
Farm?”  He  said  the  young  man  could 
afford  to  stay  on  the  farm,  and  gave  figures 
showing  what  many  men  had  done  in  west¬ 
ern  New  York  in  the  past  few  years. 

The  following  officers  were  elected  : 
President,  Clark  Allis,  Medina  ;  first  vice- 
president,  Samuel  Fraser,  Geneseo ;  second 
vice-president,  Luther  Collamer,  Hilton ; 
third  vice-president.  Prof.  Chas.  S.  Wilson, 
Ithaca ;  fourth  vice-president,  C.  H.  Me- 
Clew,  Burt;  secretary-treasurer,  E.  C.  Gil¬ 
lett.  Penn  Yan.  Executive  committee  :  Frank 
Bradley,  Barker ;  L.  L.  Morrell,  Kinder- 
hook;  Chas.  G.  Porter,  Albion;  W.  Ray 
Teats,  Williamson;  Eugene  Collamer,  Hil¬ 
ton.  G-  R-  s- 


DAILY 

OUTPUT 

18,000 

BBLS 


YEARLY 

OUTPUT 

OVER 

6,500,000 


ALPHA 

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20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


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“the  golden  streets  of 
the  new  Jerusalem” 

One  of  our  enthusiastic  contestants  writes:  “What  a  grand  time 
we  had  at  the  Corn  Exposition  at  Worcester!  It  was  both  en¬ 
joyable  and  instructive.  In  offering  prizes  as  you  did  you  have 
greatly  increased  the  interest  in  corn  growing  and  thus  advanced 
New  England  agriculture.  I  hope  you  will  keep  right  on  doing 
so.  And  after  you  have  faithfully  served  your  generation,  and 
dropped  asleep  with  the  fathers  we  farmers  will  adorn  your  casket 
with  prize  ears  of  golden  corn,  which  will  not  he  out  of  place  in 
the  golden  streets  of  the  New  Jerusalem.”  We  propose  to  keep 
right  on,  as  will  be  seen  in  our 

book  of  the  corn  contest,  out  today, 

mailed  free  to  any  address.  It  tells  how  the  59  contestants  grew 
their  corn  and  how  they  would  do  it  again;  also  the  analy  ses  of 
different  varieties  of  corn,  and  useful  tables  showing  tlieii  feeding 
values.  Even  if  you  raise  no  corn  at  all,  you  will  find  these 
results  interesting  and  valuable  for  reference.  It  also  contains  an 
announcement  of  the 

prizes  offered  this  year 

and  rules  governing  this  year’s  contest.  Why  not  compete?  \  ou 
will  be  sure  of  a  good,  profitable  crop  with  the  Stockbridge  any¬ 
how,  besides  standing  a  chance  to  win  a  substantial  cash  piize. 

FERTILIZER  COMPANY 


BOWKER 


43  CHATHAM  ST.,  BOSTON,  MASS. 


1911. 


ECHOES  OF  “DRY  LAND”  FARMING. 

During  the  Summer  and  Fall  months 
of  1910  the  number  of  Western  cattle 
and  sheep  received  at  the  important  live 
stock  markets  has  been  considerably 
larger  than  number  received  at  the  same 
markets  during  the  corresponding 
months  in  1909.  The  following  table, 
furnished  by  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  of 
the  United  States  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture,  shows  the  total  shipment  of  cat¬ 
tle  and  sheep  into  Chicago  during  June, 
July,  August,  September  and  October  of 
1909  and  of  1910. 


Cattle 


1909 

June  ..180,484 
July  ..191,907 
August  233,818 
Sept...  278,422 
Oet.  .  .  .  292,963 


1910 

227.519 
234,303 

293.520 
283,313 
330,604 


1909 


Sheep 


1910 


301,024  326,414 

362,698  442,283 


419.849 

533,656 

597,177 


569,828 

685.765 

895,519 


From  the  figures  given  above,  it 
might  appear  to  the  reader  that  the  pro¬ 
duction  of  cattle  and  sheep  on  the  west¬ 
ern  ranges  is  on  the  increase.  What 
the  table  actually  does  indicate,  however, 
is  that  the  increased  numbers  of  stock 
sent  to  market,  have  depleted  the  num- 


thk  rural 

exceptionally  dry  one  throughout  the 
\\  est,  and  the  growth  of  grass  was  cor¬ 
respondingly  short. 

Owing  the  the  large  numbers  of  stock 
on  the  range  that  has  been  reduced  in 
area,  and  to  the  unusually  dry  season, 
by  the  time  late  Summer  had  arrived 
the  range  had  already  been  grazed  oft" 
short,  and  but  comparatively  little  grass 
was  left  for  Fall  and  Winter.  Conse¬ 
quently,  in  order  to  winter  the  stock,  it 
would  be  necessary  to  purchase  and  feed 
unusually  large  quantities  of  hay.  In 
response  to  this  demand,  the  price  of 
hay  soared.  In  localities  where,  two 
years  ago,  $4.50  to  $6  was  considered  a 
fair  price  for  Alfalfa  hay  in  the  stack, 
the  ranchers  were  asking  from  $10  to 
$12  in  the  early  Fall  months  of  1910, 
and  some  were  holding  for  even  higher 
price.  The  price  of  good  mixed  hay  or 
of  Blue  joint  or  Timothy  hay,  was  even 
higher  than  for  Alfalfa  hay.  To  pur¬ 
chase  the  hay  that  would  be  necessary 
to  carry  the  stock  through  the  Winter, 
at  existing  prices,  would  in  many  cases 


NEW-YORKER 


lOl 


'  '  “  "”V  n  ■ 


WKmmBm 


ATYPICAL  “DRY  LAND  ”  FARMHOUSE. 


bcrs  of  cattle  and  sheep  in  the  herds 
and  the  lambs  left  on  the  range.  For 
some  time  there  have  been  several  fac¬ 
tors  operating  gradually  to  decrease  the 
numbers  of  cattle  in  the  West.  In  some 
places,  where  thousands  of  cattle  used 
to  graze,  sheepmen  have  brought  in  their 
bands  of  sheep  and  crowded  the  cattle 
out.  Another  cause,  which  is  responsible 
for  the  decrease  of  both  cattle  and  sheep, 
is  the  recent  interest  in  “dry  land”  farm¬ 
ing,  and  the  new  homestead  law  which 
grants  to  homesteaders  in  the  semi-arid 
region,  320  acres,  instead  of  160  acres. 
In  one  section  of  northern  Montana  with 
which  the  writer  is  quite  familiar,  within 
the  last  two  years  several  hundreds  of 
homesteaders  have  taken  up  land,  so 
that  at  the  present  time  many  thousand 
acres  of  the  best  portion  of  the  range 
has  been  fenced  in  for  farming  purposes. 
Some  of  these  new  homesteads  were 
fenced  in  as  early  as  1909.  The  pasture 
that  year,  however,  was  unusually  good, 
so  that  the  effect  of  the  reduced  acreage 
was  not  noticed  very  much.  By  1910,  not 
only  were  there  many  more  homesteads 
fenced  in ;  but  also  the  season  was  an 


mean  that  the  stock  would  “eat  their 
heads  off"  before  Spring.  Under  these 
conditions  the  only  thing  which  many 
of  the  cattle  and  sheep  owners  could 
do,  was  to  sell  off  stock  which  under 
ordinary  conditions  would  have  been 
wintered  over.  This  is  the  reason  why 
so  many  more  western  cattle  and  sheep 
have  been  received  at  Chicago,  Kansas 
City,  Omaha,  and  other  large  markets, 
in  1910  than  in  1909. 

I  here  will  be  less  cattle  and  sheep  on 
the  ranges  next  Spring  than  for  a  con¬ 
siderable  number  of  years  previously. 
And  in  view  of  the  conditions  which 
have  been  stated  in  the  preceding  para¬ 
graphs,  it  does  not  appear  likely  that  the 
herds  and  flocks  will  again  be  increased 
to  what  have  been  the  normal  numbers 
in  recent  years.  If  “dry-land”  farming 
can  be  successfully  carried  on,  it  is  prob¬ 
able  that  considerably  more  land,  that  is 
now  unfenced,  will  sooner  or  later  be 
fenced  in  for  grain  farming.  If  this  be 
true,  it  would  appear  that  in  the  future 
less  of  our  beef  and  mutton  will  be  pro¬ 
duced  on  the  free  range  pastures  of  the 
West,  and  therefore  more  will  have  to 
be  produced  on  farms  throughout  the 
LTnited  States.  m.  w.  e. 


For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 


A  live  man  in  your  neigh¬ 
borhood  can  create  a  good 
business  for  himself  by 
selling  our  fertilizers. 

They  are  rightly  balanced 
and  blended  to  improve 
both  crops  and  soil.  They 
are  well  known  and  pop¬ 
ular,  hence  sell  readily  to 
progressive  farmers. 

We  are  among  the  largest  manufact¬ 
urers  in  the  world.  Our  factories 
never  shut  down. 

Send  for  free  Booklet  and  ask  for 
Agency  today;  address  nearest  office. 

The  American  Agricultural  Chemical  Company 


Baltimore, 

Boston, 

Buffalo, 


Cincinnati, 

Cleveland, 

Detroit, 


Jacksonville, 
Los  Angeles, 
Philadelphia, 


New  York, 
Savannah, 
St.  Louis. 


HANDY  GARDEN  TOOL 

Here’s  a  practical  tool  for  the  farmer  or 
gardener—our  No.  6  Combined  Double  and 

Hm  anfl  Dri11  Seeder! 
Four  toots  for  the  price  of  one.  It  plants 

rnl!H  !i,2rA°intlnuo,"H  rAwa'  oovors  the  seed, 
LT*  T  foil,  marks  the  next  row,  hoes. 

A" '!  cu*tivates.  Simple,  easy  to  oper¬ 
ate,  and  does  a  day’s  work  In  60  minutes. 

IRQNAGE^ 'L. 


For  75  years  wo  have 
made  dependable  tools 
of  quality  for  the 
farmer,  trucker  and 
town  Hardeners.  We 
make  33  garden  tools 

_  at  *2.50  to  $12.00  each. 

Write  to-day  for  Anniversary  Catalog 
describing  our  entire  line  including 
potato  planters,  cultivators,  sprayers, 
diggers,  orchard  and  other  tools. 

BATEMAN  M’F’G  CO. 

Box  1022  GRENLOCH.  N.  J. 


Steel  Wheels- 1 

That’s  So!  Hired  hands  are 
getting  scarcer  every  day: 
but  LOW  DOWN  STEEL 
WHEELS  will  help  to  take 
their  place.  Then,  too,  the 
,mn  don't  affect  a  steel  wheel 
|  like  it  does  the  best  of  hired 
‘help.  More  brain  and  less 
muscle  nowadays.  Cata¬ 
logue  free  to  you. 

HAVANA  METAL  WHEEL  CO. 

Box  17,  Havana,  Ill. 


NO  ROOF  REPAIRS 


only 
roofing 
that  never 
wears  out  is — 
Slate.  Does  not 
^  rust  or  water  -  soak 
-  will  not  melt —  not  af- 
-  fected  by  the  weather  or 
climate.  1'heonly  roof  thatis 
everlasting.  SHELDON’ <3 
jn  AND  PURPLE  ROOFING 
w  the  only  material  without  an 

? 0  moS°  expeneive  than  other  high- 

<■  •«£?' fee?  asuKjsyan 

F.C.Sheldon  Slate  CoAmfeP.. 


ROOFING 

freight  prepaid 


Get  Direct 
Prices  on 
mBRECO” 

Make  money  by 
n  al  Pro£*'3  long-flbre  wool  felt  satur- 

Missouri,  and  north  of  the  o 

south  tine  of  Tennessee.  SRVP  fSftCfc 

Quality  as  HighBoo^Fp^ 

as  the  high-priced  roofings.  *  * 

Write  for  samples  and 
book.  Satisfaction  guar¬ 
anteed  or  money  back. 

Don’t  wait  Write  Now. 

THE  BREESE  BROS.  CO.. 

Hoofing  Dept.  11,  Cincinnati,  0. 


Sell  One  Horse 

£?df?r  *he  sellin«  Price  buy  a  wagon  that  will  pull  one  horse  lighter. 

I  hat  is  if  you  are  now  using  three  farm  horses  you  can  get  along  with 
two,  if  you  are  using  four,  three  will  do  your  work  with  a  _ 

DavenporJLRoller  -  Bearing  Steel  Wagon 

5000  Pounds  Capacity 


The  Roller  Bearing;. 


30%  to  50% 
lighter  Draft 


a/i  uti 

Think  of  what  that  means  to  you.  More  trips,  easier  trips,  fewer  horses, 
or  larger  loads,  with  the  same  horses  and  help.  Anyway  you  figure 
it,  it  is  a  money-saving  and  a  money-making  proposition  for  you. 

In  the  Davenport  you  have  a  wagon  guaranteed  for  5000  pounds  capacity,  with  gears 
of  solid  steel,  rolled  into  the  strongest  forms  known  and  trussed  like  the  modern  steel 

°"dS.e-  *  V1.eiWdfel!.are  steel  with  strong,  round  spokes  forged  solidly  into  the  hubs  and 
hot  riveted  into  the  tires.  There  is  nothing  to  dry  out,  rot,  shrink  or  work  loose.  No  tires 
to  reset,  no  breakdowns,  no  repairs.  Oil  without  removing  the  wheels.  Let  us  tell  you  all  the 
+  TnU  should  kn2y  what  these  advantages  really  mean  to  you.  Then  you  won’t  be 
content  till  you  own  a  Davenport.  It  will  give  you  more  than  twice  the  service  of  the 
best  wooden  wagon  made.  And  it  costs  about  the  same  Now  write  for  Package  No.36. 

Davenport  Wagon  Company,  Davenport,  Iowa 


lOii 


'F H  fcC  KUIRAL  NEW-YORKER 


J  iiuuai  j 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


I  have  been  watching  for  some  time  in 
The  R.  N.-Y.  for  a  question  that  would  fit 
my  case,  but  have  not  found  one,  so  1 
ask  you  this :  If  you  were  a  young  man 
of  18  who  had  been  born  and  lived  for  12 
years  on  a  farm  in  New  York,  then  moved 
to  a  city  and  had  obtained  a  high  school 
education,  and  intended  some  day  to  have 
a  fruit  and  poultry  -farm,  liked  that  work, 
and  had  .$2,000,  what  would  you  do/  If 
vou  had  read  considerable  concerning  the 
numerous  land  booms  all  over  the  country, 
but  had  decided  upon  either  the  New  Eng¬ 
land  States  or  Oregon,  which  would  you 
choose?  And  what  part  of  the  New  Eng¬ 
land  States?  J-  H*  v- 

If  I  were.  18!  Well,  I  am  not,  and 
for  some  few  reasons  I  am  rather  glad 
of  it.  But  imagining  1  were  in  this 
young  man’s  place  with  the  conditions 
he  states  I  would  settle  in  New  Eng¬ 
land.  Happily  I  am  not  asked  to  ex¬ 
plain  why.  I  would  locate  either  in  the 
Champlain  Valley,  in  Maine,  or  in  the 
Connecticut  Valley  somewhere  between 
central  Vermont  and  upper  Connecti¬ 
cut.  In  selecting  a  location,  distance 
from  market,  price  of  land  and  its 
character  would  be  considered.  If  I 
found  a  place  where  Alfalfa  grows  I 
would  if  possible  give  it  preference  be¬ 
cause  Alfalfa  and  corn  are  to  be  great 
factors  in  future  farming.  I  would 
spend  $50  or  more  of  that  money  in  go¬ 
ing  slowly  over  that  country  looking  at 
farms  and  hunting  particularly  for 
seedling  apple  trees  and  deer.  The  seed¬ 
lings  indicate  apple  land— the  deer  in¬ 
dicate  trouble. 

In  a  recent  R.  N.-Y..  the  Hope  Farm 
man  proposed  a  commission  for  fixing  prices 
on  farm  products.  Why  not  include  all 
products  of  labor,  not  excepting  labor  it¬ 
self?  Then,  in  cases  of  dispute,  let  the 
courts  from  the  highest  to  the  lowest  fix 
the  prices  according  to  varying  conditions. 
Barker,  N.  Y.  L-  D*  M- 

I  did  not  know  I  had  advocated  such 
a  thing.  I  have  talked  about  a  Milk 
Commission  for  New  \  ork  City,  but  it 
is  a  big  question,  and  1  am  not  sure 
about  it.  The  argument  for  a  milk  com¬ 
mission  is  that  in  a  great  city  like  New 
York  there  is  little  or  no  competition 
possible.  The  city  is  on  an  island,  milk 
is  perishable  and  the  middlemen  aie  in 
control.  A  commission  if  it  did  its 

duty  could  regulate  the  price  of  milk  to 
consumers  and  state  what  producers 
ought  to  get  after  studying  the  whole 
situation.  In  a  smaller  way  such  a 
commission  could  do  what  the  Inter¬ 
state  Commerce  Commission  does  for 
railroad  rates.  As  New  York  is  now 
situated  in  the  milk  proposition  I  think 
this  would  be  a  good  thing,  provided  we 
could  keep  this  commission  fair  and 
straight.  In  other  lines  of  production 
or  labor  where  competition  is  possible 
I  should  not  favor  commissions.  There 
is  such  a  thing  as  having  too  many  of 
them. 

Wbat  is  the  best  size  of  farm  horse?  I 
have  just  bought  a  team  winch  weighs 
about  2,300  pounds.  I  had  almost  closed 
for  a  team  weighing  about  -,800,  but  on 
consulting  with  one  of  the  most  successful 
farmers  in  this  section,  was  advised  that 
such  a  team  would  be  sluggish  and  would 
tire  quickly  on  plowed  ground.  w.  A.  M. 
New  Jersey. 

1  think  you  were  wise.  The  big  1,400- 
pound  horses  are  good  for  the  West 
or  for  large  level  fields.  For  our 
smaller  farms  and  rougher  sections  the 
lighter  and  more  active  horses  are  bet¬ 
ter.  I  am  looking  now  for  a  good  farm 
horse  of  about  1200.  I  would  like  a 
cluinky-built  horse,  active  and  strong, 
as  I  think  that  type  is  better  for  us 
than  the  baby  elephants  which  do  so 
well  in  the  West. 

\Ve  have  saved  well  towards  $100  worth 
of  feed  this  Winter  by  putting  all  our  corn 
stover  through  a  tornado  cutter.  This  ma¬ 
chine  puts  the  stalks  in  such  shape  that  the 
cattle  eat  it  all,  generally  licking  the  man- 
pnre  nerfeetlv  clean.  The  cows  have  held 
up  well  In  milk,  too,  with  no  other  rough- 
but  of  course,  with  &  good  grain  ia- 
tion'  I  judge  by  your  Hope  Farm  papeis 
that  vou  hive  given  up  shredding  your 
stalks'  and  have  often  wondered  _why,  as 
we  have  had  such  good  results  from  the 
practice  for  the  past  three  Winters 
Virginia.  G- 

Yes,  we  have  given  up  shredding  be¬ 
cause  we  changed  our  variety  of  corn. 
We  grow  a  small  flint  variety,  selected 
for  some  years  to  produce  a  small  ear, 
a  slender  stalk  and  much  leaf.  We 
worked  this  out  so  as  to  have  a  low 
growing  corn  for  the  young  orchards. 
These  slender  stalks  of  flint  are  eaten 


as  freely  as  coarse  hay  or  millet.  There 
is  little  if  any  waste.  If  I  were  grow¬ 
ing  the  big  dents  again  1  should  cer¬ 
tainly  shred  the  stalks.  I  know  it  pays. 
With  our  flint  it  does  not  pay. 


We  are  just  young  in  life,  and  like  the 
title  L.  Li.  D.,  for  our  farm,  and  have  also 
decided  to  give  our  farm  the  degree  ol 
I>h.  I)..  onlv  the  h  is  a  big  capital,  mean¬ 
ing  poultry,  horticulture,  and  domestic- 
We  think  this  will  make  a  good  title,  to 
raise  the  liovs  and  girls  with  poultry  and 
fruit.  E-  F- 

West  Virginia. 

Poultry,  horticulture  and  domestic 
happiness  makes  a  good  Ph.D.  title.  The 
'original  of  this  is  doctor  of  philosophy. 
The  man  who  stays  by  the  hen  until  she 
doctors  the  mortgage  or  the  debt  must 
be  something  of  a  philosopher — but  she 
is  capable  of  doing  it  if  you  humor  her. 
But  do  not  forget  the  lime,  legumes  and 
drainage  too.  These  things  will  make 
the  hen  contented,  and  that  is  the  only 
form  of  business  hen  there  is. 

In  late  Fall  a  trench  is  dug  on  one  side 
of  each  tree  where  there  are  few  roots  to 
cut.  and  the  tree  is  then  pulled  over  to 
the  ground,  covered  with  straw  and  tnen 
with  about  three  inches  of  dirt.  Five  men 
do  the  work  easily  and  quickly.  He  says, 
further:  “When  planting  the  tree  I  shorten 
the  tap  root  and  extend  all  roots  in  two 
opposite  directions  in  order  that  there  be 
no  large  roots  to  cut  when  I  proceed  to 
bend  the  tree  over  to  be  covered. 

A  Long  Island  man  sends  that.  Tt 
is  a  newspaper  clipping  supposed  to  tell 
how  a  Colorado  man  protects  peach 
trees  in  Winter.  I  met  a  man  on 
Grand  Isle  in  Lake  Champlain  who  put 
down  trees  somewhat  in  this  way.  He 
trained  them  to  grow  in  a  peculiar  fan¬ 
shaped  way,  so  they  could  be  twisted  or 
turned  over  easily.  He  told  me  never 
to  put  hay  or  straw  around  them,  as 
this  would  attract  mice  which  would 
gnaw  the  trees.  As  for  planting  a  tree 
so  there  will  be  no  large  roots  where 
you  dig  the  ditch— I  doubt  it  to  say  the 
least.  In  New  Jersey  such  digging  or 
cultivating  would  attract  root  growth. 


Bakes  from  1  to  16  Loaves  at  a  Time— Each 
Loaf  well  Browned,  without  Turning. 

THE  Sterling  “  Has  No  Equal"  Range  bakes  equally  well  in  any  part  of  the  oven, 
perfectly  browning  every  loaf,  without  turning  or  shifting  pans.  The 


is  the  one  that  you  have  seen  in  public  demonstra¬ 
tions,  baking  “A  Barrel  of  Flour  with  a  Hod  of 
Coal  " — 250  big  loaves,  with  less 
than  30  lbs.  of  fuel.  We  Have  done 
this  over  1,000  times,  at  County 
Fairs  and  in  retail  stores. 

The  secret  of  Sterling  baking 
supremacy  lies  in  the  auto¬ 
matic  Oven  Circulation 
(evenly  distributing  the 
heat),  the  Sterling 
Flue  System, 
and  the  pa¬ 
tented  Sterl¬ 
ing  Grate 
and 


Firebox.  Send  for  our  book,  which  tells  about  the  20  Sterling 
features  that  save  fuel,  time  and  trouble. 


SILL  STOVE  WORKS, 
Rochester 
and  Boston 

Send  your  dealer's  name. 


Cut 
Out 
This 

Coupon 

&>MaiI 

To-Day 


A  BEAUTIFUL  FARM  FOR  SALE  in  the  finest  fruit 
crowin"  and  trucking  section  in  the  world; 
fertile  soil  and  fine  climate:^  also  a  beautiful  water 


Farm  and  Home. — As  1  write  the  farm 
is  covered  with  a  mass  of  mud.  We 
have  had  rain  and  fog  for  several  days 
until  this  January  day  reminds  one  of 
late  March.  The  rain  has  not  helped 
the  wells  much,  for  there  is  still  a  layer 
of  frost  down  below.  The  ponds  are 
filling  up  and  the  brooks  are  full.  Our 
drains  appear  to  be  working  well,  and 
the  soil  on  the  lower  farm  ought  to  be 
dried  out  and  in  working  order  early. 
We  have  been  hauling  out  our  manure 
and  scattering  it  over  the  strawberries 
and  around  the  young  peach  trees.  The 
berry  plants  are  in  fine  shape.  These 
big  'hill  plants  are  firmly  rooted,  and 
it  would  take  a  small  earthquake  to 
throw  them  out.  Many  matted  row 
plants  will  be  lifted  out  by  the  weather 
we  are  now  having.  W e  shall  stick  to 
hill  culture  because  our  varieties  do  best 
that  way,  because  we  can  use  the  horse 
freely  and  because  we  get  larger  berries. 

I  cannot  say  we  get  a  larger  crop— nor 
do  I  think  the  plan  would  pay  on  lighter 
soil  or  with  varieties  which  naturally 
make  runners  freely.  .  .  •  Another 

thing  we  intend  to  make  sure  of,  and 
that"  is  a  good  supply  of  fuel.  It  is  a 
nuisance  and  disgrace  for  a  farmer  to 
he  obliged  to  stop  farm  work  in  Sum¬ 
mer  to  cut  wood,  or  to  ask  the  women 
to  use  green  wood.  Right  now  is  a 
good  time  to  haul  wood  to  the  house 
and  have  it  cut  up  and  pyt  in  the  shed. 

.  When  it  comes  to  pruning  young 
trees  this  Winter  we  go  very  easy.  We 
are  to  have  the  17-year  locusts  with  us, 
and  they  will  cut  and  slit  the  young 
wood  considerably.  We  shall,  therefore, 
let  the  trees  alone  until  after  the  locusts 
have  gone— then  we  can  Summer-prune 
and  shape  the  trees.  But  bear  in  mind 
that  this  applies  only  to  New  Jersej' 
where  these  locusts  are  due.  In  other 
sections  1  would  trim  as  usual. 

I  have  recently  had  several  letters  from 
people  who  ask  if  the  fertilizer  manu¬ 
facturers  will  buy  hen  manure.  No, 
there  would  be  little  chance  of  selling 
it  to  them.  They  would  not  touch  it 
except  in  carloads  or  two-ton  lots.  It 
would  not  pay  them  to  handle  small  j 
quantities.  It  is  variable  stuff  anyway,  1 
and  it  would  be  hard  to  get  a  fair  j 
sample  that  would  represent  the  lot.  ■ 
But  why  should  a  man  ever  want  to  ! 
sell  hen  manure?  There  is  not  one 
farm  in  10,000  that  can  afford  to  let 
plant  food  go  away.  You  cannot  hope 
to  get  more  cash  for  the  manure  than 
you  can  get  by  using  it  to  grow  crops. 

I  should  never  think  of  selling  it.  Get 
it  out  on  the  garden  or  around  the 
voung  trees  and  let  the  crops  pay  you 
for  it.  .  .  .  Our  Florida  folks  seem 
to  be  thriving.  By  the  time  this  is  read 
I  shall  be  down  there,  or  at  least  on 
my  way,  and  we  can  get  a  better  idea  of 
the  State  by  looking  at  it  than  by  think¬ 
ing.  People  are  starting  up  all  over  to 
ask  about  Florida  as  a  place  for  a  home. 
When  I  go  down  I  will  try  to  find  out 
something  definite.  H.  w.  c. 


rertiie  soil  anu  iiuo 

front  farm  with  timber,  tor  full  particulars  ad*  p.  A  nEb  r>r^TC 
dress  SAMUEL  P.  WOODCOCK,  Salisbury,  BAfEK  rUlo 
Wicomico  County,  Maryland. 


Sill  Stove  Works. 215  Kent  St..  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
Please  send  your  book  on  Sterling  Ranges  to 

My  Name . . . 

Address . State . 

My  Dealer's  Name . 

U/AUTCn  AGENTS  TO  SELL  FARMERS'  ACCOUNT  BOOK. 

VV  AW  I  HU  Easy  to  sell.  Big  inducements.  Act 
Quick.  Address.  L.  L.  SYPHKRS.  Ft.  Wayne,  lnd. 

-Three-inch,  $1.25  a  1,000; 

_  — - four-inch,  $1.75  a  1.000. 

P.  B.  CROSBY  &  80N,  Catonsville,  Md. 


AN  IHC  MANURE  SPREADER  MEANS 
NEW  LAND  ON  THE  OLD  FARM 

[HOUSANDS  of  people  during  the  past  year  paid  fabulous 
m  prices  for  new  land — gave  up  their  savings  and  their  homes 
and  moved  into  unknown  country  just  for  the  sake  of  securing 
more  productive  property. 

Hundreds  of  farmers  found  a  better  plan.  They  stayed  at 
home  and  invested  a  small  part  of  what  it  would  have  cost  them 
to  move  to  the  new  country  in  an  I  H  C  Manure  Spreader. 

Now  in  leisure  time  during  the  winter  they  are  returning  to 
the  soil  the  rich  fertility  that  has  been  drained  from  it— making 
new  land  out  of  old — putting  it  into  condition  to  yield  bumper  crops. 

With  an  I  H  C  Spreader  the  manure  can  be  distributed  in  the 
proper  amount  required  by  the  condition  of  the  soil.^  A  light 
coat,  where  land  is  good,  a  heavy  coat  where  it  is  most  needed. 

IHC  Manure  Spreaders  have  many  exclusive  features  which 
you  ought  to  know  about.  Years  of  successful  service  has  shown 
their  superiority.  In  buying  an  I  H  C  machine 
you  are  assured  satisfaction  for  they  are  backed 
by  a  company  that  cannot  afford  to  risk  its  repu¬ 
tation  by  offering  you  anything  but  the  best. 

IHC  Spreaders  are  made  in  three  styles 

Corn  King — Kemp  20th  Century — 

Cloverleaf 

in  sizes  ranging  from  30  to  70  bushels  capacity. 

Corn  King  and*  Kemp  20th  Century  Spread¬ 
ers  are  of  the  return  apron  type— Cloverleaf 
Spreaders  have  endless  aprons.  Lime  hoods 
for  spreading  lime  and  drilling  attachments 
for  distributing  manure  in  rows  are  furnished 
on  special  order. 

Let  the  I  H  C  local  dealer  tell  you  all  about 
IHC  Spreaders  and  how  you,  too,  can  turn  your 
manure  pile  into  money  with  one  of 
these  simple,  efficient  machines. 

Catalogues  can  be  secured  from 
him,  or,  by  writing  for  them. 


INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER  COMPANY 
OF  AMERICA 

Chicago  (Incorporated)  USA 


IHC  Service  Bureau 

The  Bureau  is  a 
center  where  the 
best  ways  of  doing 
things  on  the  farm, 
and  data  relating 
to  its  development, 
are  collected  and 
distributed,  free  to 
every  one  interest¬ 
ed  in  agriculture. 
Every  available 
source  of  informa¬ 
tion  will  be  used  in 
answering  ques¬ 
tions  on  all  farm 
subjects.  If  the 
questions  are  sent 
to  the  I H  C  Service 
Bureau,  they  will 
rfecelve  prompt  at¬ 
tention. 


1911 

Ruralisms 

Failure  of  Prizetaker  Onions. 

ir.  M.,  Michigan. — Twenty  years  ago  I 
started  growing  Prizetaker  onions  in  a  small 
greenhouse ;  we  had  for  several  years  good 
success.  I  have  had  numbers  of  onions 
weighing  two  pounds  and  over ;  one  year 
had  about  150  bushels  which  averaged  50 
onions  to  the  bushel,  but  eventually  they 
commenced  to  grow  iu  several  sections 
like  overgrown  Potato  onions,  until  finally 
we  gave  up  in  disgust.  I  asked  the  opinion 
of  several  seedsmen,  but  only  one  answered, 
saying  that  the  ground  was  too  rich.  I 
don’t  think  that  was  the  trouble,  as  the 
sowed  onions  alongside  were  nice.  Can 
anyone  give  any  advice  in  the  matter,  as  I 
would  like  to  try  them  again? 

Ans.  This  would  appear  a  matter  of 
poor  seeds  rather  than  too  rich  soil.  It 
is  possible  so  to  overload  the  soil  with 
decaying  or  organic  matter  that  even 
the  onion — a  notoriously  gross  feeder — ■ 
will  not  thrive,  but  failure  from  this 
cause  would  probably  not  take  the  form 
of  splitting  up  bulbs  of  the  Prizetaker 
type  into  sections  like  those  of  the 
Potato  onion,  particularly  as  other  va¬ 
rieties  alongside  grew  in  a  normal  man¬ 
ner.  Well-selected  seeds  of  the  true 
Prizetaker  strain  should  give  as  good 
results  as  in  the  past,  except  that  the 
shape  may  vary.  Buy  only  of  the  most 
reputable  seedsmen,  making  a  special 
demand  for  true  seeds,  and  try  again. 

w.  v.  F. 

Cool  Greenhouse  for  Roses. 

8.  C.  M.,  Calla,  O. — I  wish  to  erect  two 
greenhouses  20x130  feet,  open  under  gut¬ 
ter  about  6%  feet  high,  to  grow  Kaiserin 
roses  on  solid  bench  iu  Summer  only,  uo 
heat  to  be  installed  at  all.  Will  a  solid 
tile  or  concrete  wall  answer  the  purpose, 
or  would  it  be  necessary  to  have  glass 
sides?  How  much  could  a  person  realize 
each  year  from  this  plant  after  roses  reach 
good  blooming  size?  About  what  should 
such  a  greenhouse  cost  me? 

Ans. — The  cost  of  greenhouses  varies 
greatly  according  to  the  style  of  house 
one  builds,  but  houses  of  the  size  speci¬ 
fied  would  be  likely  to  cost  at  least 
eight  dollars  per  running  foot  of  length, 
without  any  heating  apparatus.  The 
easiest  way  to  get  at  the  cost  would 
be  to  correspond  with  some  of  the  large 
greenhouse  builders  of  Chicago,  who 
would  furnish  an  estimate  of  the  total 
cost  of  material,  or  would  build  the 
house  complete  if  required.  If  the  walls 
are  to  be  6*4  feet  high,  it  would  be 
decidedly  better  to  have  two  to  2]/2  feet 
of  glass.  Continuous  ventilators  the  en¬ 
tire  length  of  the  house  would  also  be 
needed  on  both  sides  of  the  ridge.  The 
question  of  profit  from  this  investment 
would  depend  upon  the  ability  of  the 
grower  and  the  condition  of  the  market, 
but  50  cents  per  square  foot  of  space 
occupied  per  annum  would  probably 
equal  the  gross  receipts  of  many  flower 
growers.  w.  h.  tapun. 

Celery  Rust. 

//.,  Sheffield,  Pa. — Our  celery  crop  for  tlie 
last  two  years  lias  been  damaged  by  brown 
oi  rust-colored  spots  that  appear  on  the 
outer  stalks.  The  leaves  are  not  affected. 
The  plants  have  not  been  handled  while 
they  were  wet,  uor  has  wet  earth  been  used 
in  banking  them  up.  During  the  Summer 
they  were  irrigated  by  a  stream  of  water 
running  in  a  small  ditch  between  the  rows 
and  two  feet  from  either  row.  The  celery 
is  of  the  Golden  Self-Blanching  variety. 

I  lease  advise  me  fully  as  to  the  cause 
and  means  of  preventing  this  trouble. 

A  NS.  The  troublesome  celery  rust  is 
caused  by  either  working  in  the  celery 
when  the  foliage  is  wet  or  throwing  the 
soil  up  to  the  stalks  in  very  hot  weather. 

W  lieu  earthing  celery  in  the  early  part 
of  the  season  we  quite  often  have  very 
hot  days  and  bright  sunshine,  and  the 
soil  around  the  tender  stalks  becomes 
very  hot  and  in  consequence  burns  or 
rusts  them.  Another  very  annoying 
trouble  sometimes  called  rust  is  caused 
by  the  well-known  celery  blight.  When 
the  weather  conditions  are  conducive  to 
the  development  of  this  serious  affec¬ 
tion  the  leaves  begin  "to  spot  with  the 
brown  patches,  they  turn  yellow,  wither 
up,  the  plants  continue  to  waste  away, 
and  the  ground  about  the  celery  is  badly 
affected  with  the  disease.  This  soil  so 


THE:  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

affected  is  used  later  on  for  handling 
and  earthing  up  the  celery,  and  the 
germs  of  the  blight  are  brought  in  con¬ 
tact  with  the  tender  or  eatable  portion 
of  the  celery  stalks,  spotting  or  rusting 
them  to  a  very  considerable  extent,  and 
rendering  them  unsalable.  This  stage 
of  the  pernicious  blight  will  sometimes 
develop  after  the  celery  is  trenched  for 
Winter  use.  A  change  of  soil  each 
year  for  the  celery  crop  and  the  appli¬ 
cation  of  dry  Bordeaux  Mixture  under 
the  foliage  and  around  the  plants  is  the 
only  practical  remedy  I  have  ever  used, 
and  this  usually  proves  effectual. 

T.  M.  WHITE. 


103 


Melody  is  a  new  forcing  rose  now 
making  a  fine  impression  on  the  Ameri¬ 
can  trade.  The  flower  is.  a  beautiful 
yellow,  shading  to  apricot  in  the  center, 
and  the  foliage  is  glossy  and  handsome. 
It  is  of  Irish  origin,  coming  from  the 
same  originator  as  Killarney.  We  do 
not  know  its  capabilities  out  of  doors, 
but  a  good  rose  of  that  color  would  be 
welcome  in  the  garden. 

Reports  from  Indiana,  Illinois  and 
Central  Ohio  state  that  practically  all 
of  the  California  privet  hedges  were 
killed  down  to  the  ground  during  the 
Winter  of  1909-1910,  but  they  started 
from  below  the  surface  in  the  Spring, 
and  made  such  a  compact  growth  after¬ 
wards  that  great  improvement  resulted 
from  this  necessary  cutting  back. 

Meat-Eater  :  "I’ve  tried  nuts  as  food, 
but  they  don’t  seem  to  agree  with  me.” 
Vegetarian:  “What  kind  of  nuts  did 
you  use?”  Meat-Eater:  “Doughnuts.”— 
Boston  Transcript. 

_  "’hen  you  write  advertisers  mention  The' 

R.  N.-i.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
'  a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 

1911  DEYO  POWER  SPRAYERS 


IO  Years  of  Success 


Kill  the  Bugs  and 
Save  the  Crops  with 

ELECTRO  Arsenate  of  Lead 

(in  Powdered  Form) 

The  most  effective  and  economical  insecticide  for  all  leaf-eating  insects.  Electro  is 
the  only  successful  powdered  arsenate  of  lead,  because  it  is  the  only  one  in  an  amorphous 
(non-crystalline)  form.  1  lie  only  one  that  mixes  instantly  with  water  in  such  a  finely 
divided  state  that  every  drop  of  spray  contains  the  right  amount  of  arsenic.  It  cannot 
be  washed  off  by  rain  and  will  not  injure  the  newest,  tenderest  foliage. 

'  e  SlEirantee  Jt  to  contain  30%  arsenic  oxide— 50%  more  than  other  brands— as 
proved  by  Conn,  and  N.  J.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  tests.  Write  us  for  them. 
Save  Freight  on  Water  —  there  is  40  to  60%  ill  all  pastes.  Put  in  the  water  at  home. 

We  have  the  best  Paste  on  the  market  and  will  prove  it  if  you  prefer 
Arsenate  of  Lead  in  this  form.  ^ 

If  your  dealer  cannot  supply,  write  us  for  prices  and  statements  from 
successful  growers  in  your  section. 

THE  VREELAND  CHEMICAL  CO. 
33  Church  Street,  New  York 


FRIEND  FRUIT  GROWER:  Uncle  Sam  says 
>  oil  must  spray.  Users  of  the  Deyo  are  relieved 
tioni  experimenting.  After  ten  years  of  service  the 
Deyo  is  still  giving  perfect  satisfaction.  Our  cus¬ 
tomers  are  our  reference,  ask  the  user.  We  sell 
direct  to  you.  Deyo  pays  all  freights  to  Missis¬ 
sippi  River  shipping  points.  Write  for  catalogue  19. 

DEYO-.MACEY  ENGINE  CO.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y 


“  ONE  FOB  ALL,”  No.  1 

Wool  prease-  Arsenate  of  Lead,  Lime  and 
Sulphur.  Both  a  Contact  and  Poison 
Spray.  An  Insecticide  and  Fungicide. 

Positively  the  Only  Thing  Needed  for  all  Pests  or  Fungus 

A  tonic  for  vegetation.  Sick  trees  made  well  • 
old  trees  rejuvenated  to  youthful  vigor ;  better 
foliage;  larger  and  more  abundant  fruit.  Neither 
sucking  or  chewing  insects  nor  fungus  will  attack 
wood  that  has  One  For  AH”  upon  it.  After  one 
fall  spraying  no  dormant  spraying  will  be  needed. 
Spraying  confined  to  the  growing  season.  Scale 
exterminated.  Positive  evidence  from  practical 
growers  furnished  upon  application. 

Prices,  F.  O.  B.  New  York 

Barrels,  425  lbs .  05c  ner  lh 

100  lbs .  . 06  “ 

•»}* . :06k 

MANHATTAN  OIL  COMPANY 

Established  1852 

Front  Street  New  Yorfe 


Fruit  Growers ! 


Bowker’s 

Lime- Sulphur 

is  absolutely 
pure 

No  salt  or  caustic  being  added,  every 
drop  is  effective  against  the  San  Jose 
and  other  scales,  destroying  mosses, 
fungi,  etc.,  and  thoroughly  cleaning  up 
the  trees  without  injury. 

e 

Write  for  special  prices,  stating  number 
of  trees  to  be  sprayed. 

ROWIfFP  INSECTICIDE  COMPANY, 

* *  XV.C.JV  43  Chatham  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Manufacturers  of  Arsenate  of  Lead;  also  Bowker’s 
PYROX”  the  one  Best  All  Around  Spring  and 
Summer  Spray  for  fruits  and  vegetables. 


You  Can  Depend  on  These  Sprayers 

Don’t  waste  your  money  on  nneertain  sprayers-  the 
kina  that  are  often  out  of  order.  The 
largest  fruit  growers  nse  the  “Bardie” 
because  it’s  a  sprayer  with  the 
trouble  left  out. 

This  Hardie  No. 

2  PowerSprayer 
has  100  gal.  tank, 
all  brass  pump, 

1)  h.  p.  engine. 
Weight 7001  bs. 

I  Price  $180.00. 


The  ' 

Hardie  Sprayers 

are  made  in  20  different  sizes  and 
styles ;  prices  *3.00  to  $300.  Our  cat¬ 
alogue  describes  these  sprayers, 
and  shows  you  the  best  way  to 
spray.  It’s  free.  Send  for  a  copy. 

STHE  HARDIE  MFG.  CO. 

942  Mechanic  St.,  Hudson,  Mich. 
■Iso  49  No.  Front  8t. ,  Portland,  Ore, 


Hand  Outfit 


“KANT-KLOG” 

SPRAYERS.. 

Something  New 


Spraying 
Guide  pree 


Gets  twice  the  results — --Sa?: 
with  same  laborand  fluid.  1 

Flat  or  round,  fine  or  coarse  sprays 
from  same  nozzle.  Ten  styles.  For  > 
trees,  potatoes,  gardens,  whitewashing, 
etc.  Agents  Wanted,  Booklet  Free. 

Rochester  Spray  Pump  Co.  ^SSSUSS. 


A  PERFECT  STAND 

[  Of  potatoes  is  what  you  will  gut  with  good 
seed  and  an  Iron  Age  Planter.  It  plants  100 
per  cent,  without  nti8sos  or  doubles  or  In¬ 
jury  to  the  seed.  Every  seed  piece  placed. 

Just  right,  at  even  epaces  and  covered  uni¬ 
formly.  The  boy  pays  for  bis  labor  10  to  20 
I  times  over,  and  the  planter  pays  for  itself — 
ask  any  user.  With  or  without  fertilizer  distributor. 

Farm  and 
Garden  Tools 


IRON  ME 


hav*  “made  good”  and  proven  their 
superiority  for  75  years.  Send 
postal  to  dav  for  our  Anni¬ 
versary  Catalog— it  tells  all 
about  our  Potato  Planters, 

Cultivators,  Diggers,  Spray¬ 
ers,  Garden  Tools,  Wheel  . 

Hoes,  Drills,  etc.,  and  ia  - 
FEES  Don’t  delay. 

BATEMAN  M*F»0  CO. 

BOX  1036  ORENLOCH.  N.  J. 


War  _ ✓  v  /*-  z. 


CDD  AV  f-£?.p,VT'.NlWITH  THE  insecticide  act  of  1910 

*  IvM  T  U  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  USE  EITHER 

PASTE  OR  P0WDERE^^'*3 
FOR  ALL  LEAF  EATING  INSECTS 
RESPONSIBLE  DISTRIBUTERS  andAGENTS  WANTED 

KEY  BRAND 

“  RIGHT  PRICE  and  material 

^  UU^FUNGICIDE  andINSECTICIDE 

|T - ^ 

iiTrraiiMTnyA  _  _ 

INTERSTATE  CHEMICAL  CO. 

H  BAYVIEW  A  V  E..JERSEY  CITY  N  J 

WRITE  FOR  PRICES. CIRCULARS  ETC.  CORRESPONDENCE  SOLICITED’ 


‘SCAlKudE” 


I  w‘*1  POfjtively  destroy  SAX  JOSE  SCALE  and  all 
solt  bodied  sucking  insects  without  injury  to  the 
I  tree.  Simple,  more  effective  and  cheaper  than 
Lime  Sulphur.  Not  ail  experiment.  One  gallon 

makes  111  to  20  gallons  spray  by  simnly  adding  water. 

Send  for  Booulet,  “Orchard  Insurance.” 

B.  6.  PRATT  CO.,  SO  CHURCH  ST.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


GET  THE  BEST 

A  Good  Spray  Pump  earn! 
big  profits  and  lasts  for  years, 

THE  ECLIPSE 

is  a  good  pump.  As 
practical  fruit  grow¬ 
ers  we  were  using  common 
sprayers  in  ourown  orchards 
— found  their  defects  and 
invented  the  Eclipse.  Its 
success  forced  us  to  manu¬ 
facturing  on  a  large  scale. 
You  take  no  chances.  We 
have  done  all  the  experi¬ 
menting.  Large  fully  illustrated  Catalog 
and  Treatise  on  spraying  FREE. 

MORRILL  &  MORLEY.  Benton  Harbor.  Mich. 


HURST  SPRAYER 

1*  on  FREE  TRIAL 


r  So  money  In  advance — pay  us  out  of  extra 
profit.  Sprays  any  thing— trees,  potatoes,  vine¬ 
yards,  truck,  etc.  Pushes  easy— high  pressure. 
Guaranteed  5  years.  Pay  when  you  can— at 
Wholesale  price.  We  pay  freight.  “ 
Catalog  and  Spraying  Guide  free. 

Free  Sprayer  Offer 
to  fl  r  s  t  in 
your  locality. 

H.  L.  HURST 
Mfg.  Co.,  ooi 

281  NORTH  ITREET, 

CANTON. 0. 


AS  POTATO  SPRAYER  ™  AS  ORCHARD  SPDAYfR 


48  Million  Shortagi 

Government  statistics  show  there  were 
48,000,000  bushels  less  of  potatoes  grown 
In  the  United  States  last  year  than 
iu  1909.  This  with  Increasing  popu¬ 
lation  must  necessarily  make  a 
larger  demand  for  potatoes  in  1911. 

No  crop  as  a 

Money  Maker  ___ 

equals  it,  and  the  information  showing  how  to  grow 
for  protit  will  be  mailed  absolutely  free  to  any  one 
asking  for  it.  Our  president  has  devoted  over  fifty 
years  to  the  study  of  potato  culture  and  the  manufac¬ 
ture  of  machinery  for  handling  the  crop  in  all  stages. 

aspinwall  manufacturing  CO. 

437  Sabin  Street,  Jackson,  Michigan,  U.  S.  A. 

_  World’s  Oldest  tin 'I  Largest  Mahers  of  Potato  Machinery. 


January  '-JX, 


104 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER’S  PAPER. 

A  Nktlonal  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Home*. 

Established  1850. 


J  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  Street,  New  York, 

Herbert  W.  Collingwood,  President  and  Editor, 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Hoyle,  Associate  Editor. 


SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR. 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  $2.04,  equal  to 
8s.  6d.,  or  8*2  marks,  or  lO1^  francs.  Remit  in  money  order, 
express  order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  timi 
orders.  References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to 
us;  and  cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

"A  SQUARE  DEAL.” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a 
responsible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any 
loss  to  paid  subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler 
advertising  in  our  columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  ex¬ 
posed.  We  protect  subcribers  against  rogues,  but  wedo  not  guarantee 
to  adjust  trifling  differences  between  subscribers  ana  honest,  respon¬ 
sible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be  responsible  for  the  debts  of 
honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts.  Notice  of  the  complaint 
must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of  the  transaction, 
and  you  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker  when 
writing  the  advertiser. 


THE  RURAL,  NEW- Y  ORKER 

companies  to  just  about  cut  their  rates  in  two.  The 
robbery  practiced  all  these  years  upon  the  Canadian 
people  is  no  greater  than  that  on  this  side  of  the  line. 
The  same  conditions  exist  here.  The  money  now 
being  used  to  fight  parcels  post  was  stolen  from  the 
American  people  by  the  express  robbers.  We  have  alt 
contributed  to  the  fund  now  being  used  to  deprive  us 
of  our  rights. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

W.  J.  Dougan,  the  $9  hen  man  from  Jersey  doesn’t 
intend  to  be  called  a  bluffer.  Here  he  is  on  page  113 
with  a  square-cut  proposition  for  the  cow  men  to  con¬ 
sider.  He  means  business,  and  will  be  there  with  the 
hens.  Now  if  the  cow  men  are  also  ready  to  toe  the 
mark,  The  R.  N.-Y.  will  help  arrange  details  and  see 
that  hens  and  cows  get  a  square  deal.  We  can  hardly 
think  of  any  more  interesting  or  instructive  contest 
than  the  one  suggested  by  Mr.  Dougan.  Now  gentle¬ 
men,  drive  up  the  cows ! 

❖ 

I  received  the  copy  of  ‘"The  Business  Hen  sent  me.  It 
came  just  as  I  was  beginning  to  have  trouble  from  colds. 
What  to  do  and  how  to  do  it  was  in  “The  Business  Hen. 
This  is  the  best  manner  1  know  of  telling  you  how  highly 
I  prize  that  little  big  book.  w-  c-  T- 

Virginia. 

The  “little  big  book”  is  giving  great  satisfaction.  In 
these  days  of  big  stories  and  systems  practical  in¬ 
formation  is  in  greater  demand  than  ever.  Just  read 
Prof.  Jtfmes  E.  Rice’s  chapter  on  “Breeding  the  Busi¬ 
ness  Hen.”  Where  can  you  find  any  other  entire  book 
which  gives  more  real  information  about  developing 
a  flock  of  layers?  If  you  do  not  find  it  in  “The 

Business  Hen”  call  for  it  and  we  will  get  it  if  possible. 

* 

Gov.  Wilson  of  New  Jersey  comes  out  squarely  for 
primary  elections.  He  favors  the  laws  enforced  in 
Oregon : 

They  seem  to  me  to  point  the  direction  which  we  must 
also  take  before  we  have  completed  our  regeneration  of  a 
government  which  has  suffered  so  seriously  and  so  long  as 
ours  has  here  in  New  Jersey  from  private  management 
and  organized  selfishness.  Our  primary  laws,  extended  and 
perfected,  will  pave  the  way:  They  should  be  extended 
to  every  elective  office,  and  to  the  selection  of  every  party 
committee  or  official  as  well,  in  order  that  the  people 
may  once  for  all  take  charge  of  their  own  affairs,  their 
own  political  organization  and  association  ;  and  the  meth- 
ods  of  primary  selection  should  be  so  perfected  that  the 
primaries  will  be  put  upon  the  same  free  footing  that  the 
methods  of  election  themselves  are  meant  to  rest  upon. 

There  you  have  the  whole  story.  If  Gov.  Wilson 
does  nothing  during  his  three  years  in  office  but  ham¬ 
mer  that  home  he  will  do  New  Jersey  more  good  than 
any  other  Governor  now  remembered  in  history.  Jer- 
seymen  will  back  him  up  if  he  will  stand  to  his  guns. 
Lying  between  two  great  cities  and  overrun  by  wealthy 
and  selfish  non-residents,  New  Jersey  has  fallen  a 
victim  to  a  mean  set  of  political  crooks.  The  people 
want  a  leader  to  set  them  free,  and  freedom  can  only 
come  through  primary  nominations.  Just  keep  your 
eye  on  New  Jersey. 


Canada  has  a  Dominion  Railway  Commission  much 
like  an  Interstate  Commerce  Commission,  but  with 
wider  powers.  Telegraph  and  express  companies  are 
subject  to  it.  The  Canadian  express  companies  are 
largely  owned  by  the  railroads,  and  have  been  charg¬ 
ing  extortionate  rates.  On  complaint  largely  of  fruit 
growers  in  the  western  part  of  Ontario  this  Dominion 
Commission  has  been  investigating  the  express  busi¬ 
ness.  Here  is  a  sample  of  what  they  found.  The 
Canadian  Express  Company  when  bought  by  the  Grand 
Trunk  railroad  in  1S92  was  valued  at  $60,000.  The 
railroad  paid  $662,000-the  $600,000  being  for  the  fran¬ 
chise.  There  are  now  over  $3,000,000  worth  of  stock 
outstanding,  while  the  tangible  assets  are  said  to  be 
$212,719.  During  seven  years  this  company  paid  near  a 
$8,500,000  to  the  Grand  Trunk  railroad  this  being 
about  55  per  cent  of  its  total  revenue— taken  from 
the  Canadian  people.  As  a  result  of  its  investigation 
the  Dominion  Commission  has  ordered  the  express 


LET  THE  COWS  PROVE  IT. 

A  serious  condition,  without  a  parallel  in  cattle 
breeding,  has  arisen  in  the  Guernsey  Cattle  Club. 
Two  Guernsey  cows,  Missy  of  the  Glen  18390  and 
Glenanaar  of  the  Glen  23619,  both  owned  by  Henry 
A.  C.  Taylor,  were  tested  at  Glen  Farm,  near  Newport, 

R.  I.  Their  reported  yields  of  milk  and  butter  fat 
were  so  remarkable  that  both  cattle  breeders  and 
scientific  men  felt  that  they  could  not  be  possible,  but 
that  some  serious  mistake  had  been  made.  The  Guern¬ 
sey  Cattle  Club  first  took  the  matter  up  and  made  an 
examination  through  its  executive  committee,  which 
advised  a  continuation  of  the  test.  It  was  finally  de¬ 
cided  to  appoint  a  special  committee  of  three  to  go 
over  the  records  and  the  evidence  and  report.  This 
committee  met  on  September  30  to  make  its  repoit, 
wlitn  counsel  for  Mr.  Taylor  appeared  and  informed 
the  officers  of  the  club  that  if  the  committee  took  ad¬ 
verse  action  against  the  record  of  these  cows  he  was 
ordered  to  serve  an  injunction  restraining  such  action. 
This  injunction  was  finally  served,  and  under  it  the 
club  was  ordered  not  to  publish-  “any  such  record  of 
cows  in  the  advanced  registry  of  said  club"  without 
including  the  record  of  the  cows  in  question.  This 
injunction  was  finally  made  permanent,  and  under  it 
Mr.  Taylor  sought  to  hold  up  all  the  records  unless 
those  of  his  two  cows,  which  were  questioned,  were 
included.  The  Guernsey  Cattle  Club  is  one  of  tlie 
most  honorable  organizations  of  breeders  in  the 
world.  It  faced  the  situation  manfully,  printed  a  full 
report  of  the  proceedings  and  evidence  and  added  the 
following : 

The  Executive  Committee,  believing  that  the  value  of 
these  records  does  not  justify  the  Club  in  incurring  the 
expense  necessary  to  defend  this  action,  and  to  avoid 
further  delay,  have  decided  to  publish  the  records  as 
ordered  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  York.  They  submit 
the  whole  evidence  for  the  information  of  the  club  as 
printed  herewith. 

This  is  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  this  organization 
that  anyone  has  questioned  its  ability  to  settle  its  own 
affairs,  and  it  is  a  matter  of  sincere  regret  to  the  Executive 
Committee  that  a  member  should  he  so  entirely  without 
confidence  in  the  justice  of  the  Club's  officials  as  to 
invoke  the  assistance  of  the  court. 

It  also  printed  the  reported  records  of  those  two 
cows,  but  with  this  comment,  “Published  by  order  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  of  New  York.” 

This  leaves  the  matter  in  a  very  unsatisfactory  shape. 
Mr.  Taylor  must  see  that  while  he  has,  by  injunction, 
forced  these  records  upon  the  Club’s  register,  there  will 
be  a  question  mark  after  them  so  long  as  they  carry 
the  brand  of  that  comment.  Judges  of  the  Supreme 
Court  can  hardly  be  called  Guernsey  cows,  yet  Mr. 
Taylor  must  see  that  as  the  matter  stands  they  as  well 
as  Missy  and  Glenanaar  are  responsible  for  the  record. 
Under  the  circumstances  we  do  not  see  how  the  Guern¬ 
sey  Club  could  have  acted  otherwise.  It  is  a  serious 
situation  in  the  history  of  the  Club,  and  we  think  Mr. 
Taylor  could  readily  settle  it.  Our  suggestion  is  that 
he  conduct  a  new  test.  These  cows  are  better  qualified 
to  make  a  new  record  now  than  they  were  before. 
Why  not  conduct  another  test,  making  it  absolutely 
open  and  free,  with  competent  men  to  conduct  it?  No 
doubt  both  Missy  and  Glenanaar  would  “come  hack” 
and  absolutely  prove  their  previous  record.  If  the 
record  of  a  horse  or  a  man  ,  an  auto  or  a  yacht  for 
speed  or  skill  were  questioned  the  most  natural  thing 
would  be  to  call  for  another  trial.  “Coming  back”  is 
absolute  proof.  That  is  why  we  suggest  this  plan 
to  Mr.  Taylor.  It  will  prove  him  to  be  not  only  a 
good  sport,  but  a  genuine  friend  of  the  Guernsey 
cow,  for  in  no  other  way  can  the  present  controversy 
be  fully  disposed  of. 


that  every  man  who  signs  such  a  joint  note  can  be  Held 
for  the  entire  amount  if  he  is  responsible.  Thus  you 
will  see  that  if  four  or  five  men  with  some  property 
put  down  their  names  it  will  not  make  much  difference 
who  the  others  are.  The  horse  company  is  sure  of  its 
money  under  such  conditions,  and  the  price  of  the  noise 
is  usually  excessive.  In  the  case  mentioned  $1,500 
would  probably  be  a  fair  price  for  the  horse,  yet  by 
selling  in  the  way  described  the  horse  company  will 
get  $2,400  with  six  per  cent  interest  on  a  sure  thing. 
The  R.  N.-Y.  is  glad  to  print  the  facts  in  such  deals. 
It  is  sometimes  hard  to  get  them,  for  many  farmers 
hesitate  to  come  forward  and  make  a  statement  over 
their  own  name,  as  Mr.  Morse  has  done.  That  is 
where  they  make  a  mistake,  for  the  only  safety  in  such 
deals  lies  in  letting  the  sunlight  right  into  them  and 
holding  them  up  for  all  to  see.  If  anyone  wants  to 
defend  this  plan  of  selling  a  stallion  he  may  have  a 
fair  amount  of  space  in  which  to  do  it.  A  good  many 
horses  have  been  sold  in  this  way.  <  We  hear  of  a  case 
where  a  man  who  signed  such  a  note  was  forced  to  pay 
$600  finally.  If  any  such  horses  have  paid  out  “with¬ 
out  costing  a  cent”  here  is  a  fine  chance  to  let  about 
300,000  people  know  the  facts ! 


“He  shall  call  upon  me  and  I  will  answer  him ;  1 
toil l  be  with  him  in  trouble — Psalm  XCI. 

We  are  obliged  to  put  the  Hon.  John  W.  Dwight  of 
New  York  State  in  the  list  of  gentlemen  who  cannot 
get  “careful  consideration”  out  of  this  system.  One 
of  our  readers  wrote  Mr.  Dwight  asking  him  what  he 
intended  to  do  for  parcels  post.  This  mail  referred 
the  Congressman  to  Psalm  XCI  for  his  guidance— a 
part  of  which  is  quoted  above.  In  some  200  words  Mr. 
Dwight  manages  to  say  nothing  at  all — including  the 
following  dignified  remark: 

“The  subject  must  necessarily  have  very  careful  and 
grave  consideration.” 

“.Grave”  is  a  new  one  to  us  but  it  goes  well  with  the 
others,  for  “careful  consideration”  certainly  points  a 
warning  finger  to  the  political  graveyard.  Mr.  Dwight 
can  hardly  expect  his  constituents  to  be  “with  him  in 
trouble”  when  they  think  more  of  parcels  post  than 
they  do  of  him.  But  what  do  we  expect  a  man  to  say 
instead  of  “careful  consideration?”  He  ought  to  come 
out  squarely  and  say  that  he  favors  parcels  post  or 
else  say  he  does  not.  Is  “careful  consideration”  so 
fixed  in  Mr.  Dwight's  system  that  he  cannot  say  “yes” 
or  “no?” 

* 

Quite  a  number  of  our  readers  are  taking  up  this 
plan  of  writing  articles  for  their  local  papers  on  par¬ 
cels  post.  Some  of  these  articles  are  very  good — clear 
and  right  to  the  point.  This  is  fine  work.  The  ene¬ 
mies  of  parcels  post  are  filling  these  papers  and  flood¬ 
ing  the  country  with  printed  circulars  and  petitions. 
We  must  offset  that  work  with  personal  letters.  Your 
local  paper  is  supported  by  its  readers.  It  would  have 
no  life  or  value  but  for  its  subscribers.  It  ought  to 
represent  them,  and  will  have  to  do  so  if  they  will 
assert  themselves  and  make  their  wants  known  on 
parcels  post.  There  is  a  good  opportunity  for  them 
in  this.  Here  is  a  sample  of  what  they  write  taken 
from  the  New  Milford  (Conn.)  Gazette: 

To  have  our  mailcar-rier  drive  up  with  practically  no 
weight  and  leave  a  notice  that  there  is  a  package  in  the 
express  office  (postal  rates  on  same  prohibitive),  for 
which  we  must  drive  twice  as  many  miles  as  we  .live 
from  said  express  office,  is  maddening  in  a  busy  time.  Or 
to  have  some  small  part  of  some  farm  implement  break 
■nihile  in  use  and  needed,  and  be  compelled  to  wait  for  it  to 
come  by  express,  drive  to  town  a  second  time  after  it,  and 
find  added  to  the  cost  a  charge  several  times  greater  than 
the  cost  of  the  article,  while  our  mail  box  is  daily  clut¬ 
tered  with  advertising  matter,  sample  copies,  etc.,  for  which 
we  have  no  use,  but  which  our  postoffice  is  carrying  be¬ 
low  cost,  is  not  only  asking  for  bread  and  getting  a  stone, 
but  being  compelled  to  pay  for  the  stone. 


We  invite  a  careful  reading  of  the  article  on  first 
page  this  week.  Many  of  these  horse  deals  have  been 
put  through — some  in  the  way  here  described  and  some 
with  a  little  different  plan.  The  point  is  that  when  a 
farmer  signs  that  subscription  blank  he  is  bound  to 
take  the  share  in  the  horse.  He  is  equally  bound  when 
he  signs  either  to  pay  cash  for  his  share  or  to  sign 
such  a  note  as  was  presented  to  Mr.  Morse.  When  he 
signs  that  note  he  is  held  for  all  or  part  of  the  entire 
amount.  Many  a  man  without  giving  much  thought 
would  conclude  that  if  11  others  signed  with  him  he 
would  he  held  for  only  one-twelfth  of  the  amount. 
As  he  paid  nothing  for  his  share  and  was  told  that 
the  horse  would  really  cost  nothing  one  can  see  how 
easy  it  would  be  to  obtain  signatures.  The  fact  is 


BREVITIES. 

Dairying  and  sheep  raising  seem  to  be  coming  up  in 
Maine. 

Has  anyone  ever  found  a  real  remedy  for  the  potato 
fiea-bettle? 

Wanted,  English  sparrows  in  New  Jersey  this  season  to 
fight  the  17-year  locusts. 

This  year  the  world  will  need  about  20.000,000  bales 
of  eotton  to  provide  “cotton  goods,”  and  the  United  States 
will  be  expected  to  contribute  about  13,500.000. 

A  new  one  for  “The  Business  Hen.”  There  were  recently 
received  in  Montreal,  Canada,  10,000  gallon  tins  of  eggs 
from  Russia  and  China.  Each  gallon  contained  10  dozen 
eggs. 

‘•We  hope  you  will  cross-question  W.  .T.  Dougan  about 
these  $9  hens  until  he  gives  up  the  facts,”  says  H.  .7. 
That  is  what  we  are  after,  and  if  our  questions  do  not 
bring  results  you  may  try  it. 

Dr.  Reichmann,  New  York  State  Superintendent  of 
Weights  and  Measures,  says  that  all  railroads  operating 
in  the  State  should  have  a  scale  inspection  law.  All  manu¬ 
facturers  of  scales  operated  here  should  be  required  to 
furnish  a  bond  to  the  effect  that  their  scales  are  true. 


106 


1911. 

NEW  YORK  STATE  AGRICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 

Governor  Dix  earned  for  himself  the 
enthusiastic  approval  of  the  farmers  at 
the  annual  meeting  of  the  New  York 
State  Agricultural  Society  meeting  in 
Albany  last  week  in  several  strong  state¬ 
ments  of  policy.  First  of  these  was  his 
unqualified  demand  for  a  parcels  post.  “I 
believe,”  he  said,  “in  doing  away  with 
the  profits  of  the  middlemen  and  secure 
the  benefits  for  the  producer  and  con¬ 
sumer.”  He  suggested  a  committee  to 
meet  in  Albany  with  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce  and  other  organizations  to 
find  means  to  get  products  of  agriculture 
to  the  consumer  with  less  profit  to  the 
middleman.  .  He  said  he  wanted  to  meet 
such  a  committee  and  do  what  he  could 
to  further  its  work.  It  was  a  plea  for 
a  large  share  of  the  consumer’s  dollar. 
The  Governor  also  said  he  was  prepared 
to  encourage  the  teaching  of  agriculture 
in  the  common  and  high  schools  of  the 
State.  He  has  a  plan  to  ask  the  grad¬ 
uates  of  the  agricultural  college  who 
get  their  education  at  the  expense  of 
the  State  to  teach  and  lecture  for  a 
week  or  more  in  their  local  schools  and 
home  neighborhoods.  His  hearers  were 
impressed  with  the  evident  sincerity  of 
Governor  Dix  in  his  assurances  of  help 
in  the  promotion  of  the  agricultural  in¬ 
terests  of  the  State. 

President  G.  C.  Creelman  of  the  On¬ 
tario  Agricultural  College,  Guelph,  Out., 
injected  a  brand  new  thought  into  the 
agricultural  educational  methods  of  this 
State  in  recounting  a  Canadian  experi¬ 
ence.  His  observation  was  that  the  grad¬ 
uates  of  medical  colleges  and  of  the  law 
schools  devoted  their  time  and  energies 
after  graduation  to  public  services,  while 
the  graduate  of  the  agricultural  college 
was  expected  to  take  up  individual  farm¬ 
ing  on  his  own  account.  In  Canada  they 
believe  the  agricultural  graduate  should 
have  an  opportunity  to  work  in  the  same 
way  for  the  community,  to  do  those 
things  for  the  farm  community  that  the 
individual  farmer  cannot  do  for  himself. 
The  experiment  was  tried  the  first  year 
of  putting  six  young  men  into  six  dif¬ 
ferent  counties  with  instructions  and 
means  for  renting  and  furnishing  a  room 
in  the  town,  where  farmers  may  call  for 
papers  and  bulletins,  and  such  informa- 
tion  as  they  may  need.  The  young  man  in 


the  rural 

charge  teaches  agriculture  four  half  days 
in  the  high  school,  and  for  the  remainder 
of  the  work  drives  out  to  the  farms  and 
there  confers  with  the  farmer  and  sug¬ 
gests  improvements,  and  often  helps  the 
farmer  put  the  improvements  under  way. 
Pie  helps  plan  new  buildings  and  im¬ 
provement  of  old  ones;  furnishes  plans 
of  drainage  and  various  other  improve¬ 
ments.  The  work  has  been  so  success¬ 
ful  and  profitable  that  they  now  have 
15  men  doing  this  work,  and  each  of 
these  now  requires  an  assistant  during 
five  months  of  the  year. 

Mr.  N.  P.  Hull,  Master  of  the  State 
Grange  of  Michigan,  made  a  strong 
plea  for  the  conservation  of  farm  fer¬ 
tility.  He  is  afraid  that  at  our  present 
pace  consumption  will  outrun  production, 
and  that  the  people  will  go  hungry  and 
become  the  victims  of  waste. 

The  meeting  is  in  progress  as  we 
close  our  forms,  and  further  reference 
must  be  deferred  until  next  week.  In 
many  respects  it  was  one  of  the  best 
farm  conventions  that  we  have  ever  at¬ 
tended.  The  spirit  and  the  interest  was 
distinctively  and  sincerely  agricultural. 
There  was  none  of  the  throwing  of 
bouquets  that  so  often  prevails  in  meet¬ 
ings  of  the  kind ;  but  a  sincere  purpose 
to  discuss  problems  as  they  exist  and  to 
find  a  remedy  for  them.  The  farmer’s 
share  of  the  consumer’s  dollar  was  the 
prevailing  subject.  It  came  up  in  every 
session,  and  in  some  way  in  practically 
every  discussion,  besides  absorbing  the 
entire  attention  of  the  convention  for 
one  whole  day. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC.  —  Joseph  de  Champlain, 
president  of  the  New  England  Investment 
Company,  a  holding  corporation,  capitalized 
at  .$500,000,  was  arrested  at  Manchester, 
N.  II.,  January  11,  charged  with  fraudulent 
use  of  the  mails.  The  corporation  owns 
and  controls  seven  different  companies,  sup¬ 
posed  to  be  operating  in  various  parts  of 
New  England,  with  an  aggregate  capitaliza¬ 
tion  of  $685,000.  Stockholders  in  the  con¬ 
cern  are  numbered  by  the  thousands,  be¬ 
ing  mostly  working  people.  Alluring  prom¬ 
ises  were  made  by  De  Champlain  to  float 
the  stock  of  the  concern.  “Notwithstand¬ 
ing  the  fact  that  no  surplus  had  been 
earned,  the  company  declared  dividends  last 
year  of  25  per  cent.,  fraudulently  report¬ 
ing  to  the  stockholders  a  profit  for  the  year 
of  $230,000.  The  corporation  during  that 
period  was  receiving  enormous  sums  for 
stock  through  efforts  of  its  own  agents, 
and  as  a  result  of  advertisements  inserted 


NEW-VORKER 

in  the  publications  of  the  Le  Reveil  Pub¬ 
lishing  Company,  one  of  its  subsidiaries, 
which  contained  many  statements  not  borne 
out  by  the  facts.” 

Fire  in  a  factory  building  at  108  and 
110  Duane  street,  New  York,  January  11, 
caused  a  loss  of  $150,000,  and  resulted  in 
injuries  to  five  firemen. 

Fire  in  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  build¬ 
ing,  Cincinnati,  O.,  January  10,  caused 
heavy  loss,  and  the  death  of  six  persons. 

January  12  i  spectacular  fire  destroyed 
the  fifth  and  sixth  lloors  of  the  building 
occupied  by  Thos.  Cook  &  Sons,  the  tour¬ 
ist  agents,  opposite  City  Hall  Park,  on 
Broadway,  New  York.  The  fire,  which 
caused  a  loss  of  about  $100,000,  was  ex- 
tremely_  spectacular,  and  was  watched  by 
about  25,000  people,  being  at  the  time  when 
business  houses  were  closing.  A  number  of 
persons  in  the  burning  building  had  to 
leave  by  the  fire  escapes. 

Opinions  by  Hannis  Taylor  and  William 
L.  Chambers  that  the.  bequest  by  the  late 
Mary  Baker  G.  Eddy  of  $2,000,000  to  the 
First  Church  of  Christ,  Scientist,  of  Boston, 
is  forbidden  by  the  laws  of  both  Massa¬ 
chusetts  and  New  Hampshire  are  expressed 
in  documents  given  out  January  12,  and 
signed  by  these  men.  as  well  by  original 
counsel  for  George  W.  Glover  and  Dr.  E. 
J.  Foster  Eddy,  namely,  William  E.  Chand¬ 
ler,  John  W.  Kelley  and  De  Witt  C.  Howe. 
De  Witt  C.  Howe,  attorney  for  George  W. 
Glover,  Mrs.  Eddy’s  son,  filed  with  the  clerk 
of  the  Superior  Court  a  petition  in  equity 
setting  forth  that  Mrs.  Eddy’s  will  was  il¬ 
legal  and  praying  for  a  construction  there¬ 
of.  It  also  asks  that  Henry  M.  Baker  be 
enjoined  from  paying  out  any  money  on 
account  of  the  estate  until  legal  questions 
are  settled  and  that  Josiah  E.  F'ernald, 
resident  trustee  of  the  Eddy  property,  be 
enjoined  from  allowing  any  of  the  $2J)00,- 
000  of  property  which  he  has  possession  of 
to  be  taken  outside  this  State. 

Three  indictments  against  Charles  J. 
Knapp,  former  president  of  the  Binghamton 
Trust  Company,  were  returned  by  the 
Broome  County  (N.  Y  )  Grand  Jury  Janu¬ 
ary  12.  Each  charges  him  with  criminally 
receiving  deposits  in  the  Knapp  private 
bank  at  Deposit  on  April  9,  1909,  knowing 
the  bank  to  be  insolvent.  Pleas  of  not 
guilty  were  entered  and  $2,000  bail  was 
furnished.  Two  indictments  were  returned 
against  Mr.  Knapp  in  May,  1909.  He  was 
tried  last  November  in  Cooperstown  under 
a  change  of  venue.  Justice  Gladding  di¬ 
rected  a  verdict  of  acquittal  on  the  first  in¬ 
dictment  and  dismissed  the  other,  which 
District  Attorney  Meagher  refused  to  move 
for  trial  at  that  time. 

As  a  result  of  a  rear  end  collision  be¬ 
tween  two  passenger  trains  on  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad  at  Batavia,  N.  1’., 
January  13,  five  passengers  are  dead,  and 
20  injured,  two  of  whom  are  not  expected 
to  live.  The  railroad  officials  say  that  the 
accident  was  due  to  the  engineer  of  the 
second  train  running  past  signals. 

German  and  English  firms  that  lost 
heavily  by  reason  of  forged  bills  of  lading 
issued  by  the  bankrupt  cotton  firm  of 
Knight,  Yancey  &  Co.,  of  Decatur,  Ala., 
brought  suit  January  14  against  the  South¬ 


ern  Railway  and  the  Louisville  &  Nash¬ 
ville  Railway  in  an  effort  to  recover  their 
losses.  The  amount  sought  to  be  recovered 
is  more  than  $200,000.  It  is  charged  that 
the.  officers  of  the  roads  were  aware  that 
Knight,  Yancey  &  Co.  were  issuing  forged 
bills  and  that  the  railway  officials  con¬ 
nived  at  the  fraud.  It  is  asserted  that  the 
fraud  would  have  been  discovered  quickly 
but  for  the  connivance  of  the  railway  of¬ 
ficials.  It  is  charged  that  Knight,  Yancey 
&  Co.  had  been  uttering  the  spinner's  bill’s 
-for  five  years  before  the  fraud  was  dis¬ 
covered  and  that  nearly  half  a  million 
bales  of  cotton  were  involved. 

After  a  tramp  of  1,200  miles  almost 
without  food  over  frozen  wastes,  15  geo¬ 
logical  surveyors  under  Prof.  James  Macouu, 
sent  out  by  the  Canadiau  government,  have 
reached  Gimli,  Manitoba.  The  party  set 
out  in  the  steamer  Jeanie  from  Montreal 
in  September,  1909,  and  until  September 
9  of  last  year  all  went  well.  At  that  time 
they  were  at  Wagner  inlet  when  a  sudden 
storm  came  up  and  wrecked  the  Jeanie. 
The  geologists  and  crew  managed  to  get 
safely  to  shore,  but  from  the  far  north 
end  of  Hudson’s  bay  they  had  to  trudge 
1,200  miles  to  Fort  Churchill,  where  they 
received  the  food  they  needed  badly.  At 
the  time  of  the  shipwreck  the  majority 
of  the  men  weer  asleep  in  their  cabins. 
Several  of  them  swam  ashore,  to  shiver  in 
their  wet  clothes  while  they  organized  for 
the  trip  to  civilization. 

Twenty-six  men  were  Injured,  two  fatally, 
by  the  explosion  of  .a  stick  of  dynamite  in 
the  Southwest  land  tunnel  under  the  lake 
at  Chicago  January  16.  A  workman  who 
hit  the  dynamite  with  a  pick  caused  the 
explosion.  The  tunnel  which  is  under 
construction  leads  to  the  Seventv-first  street 
crib,  in  which  seventy  men  were  killed  dur¬ 
ing  a  fire  on  Jan.  20,  1909. 

Fire  which  destroyed  the  three-story 
wooden  sporting  goods  factory  of  Draper 
&  Maynard  at  Plymouth,  N.  II.,  January 
16,  seriously  threatened  the  business  sec¬ 
tion  of  Plymouth.  The  factory,  machinery 
and  stock  were  valued  at  $125,000.  Four 
hundred  persons  were  employed  at  the 
plant. 

A  bill  for  the  segregation  of  Asiatic 
pupils  in  the  public  schools  of  California 
has  been  introduced  in  the  Btate  Legis¬ 
lature  by  Assemblyman  Hall,  Democrat,  of 
Bakersfield.  It  provides  that  education 
boards  must  establish  separate  schools  for 
children  of  Mongolian.  Chinese,  Japanese, 
Malay  or  Hindu  descent  by  providing  sep¬ 
arate  buildings  or  separate  rooms  in  the 
same  buildings.  Indian  children  are  also 
included  in  the  ban.  The  bill  further  pro¬ 
vides  that  no  adult  Indian.  Chinese,  Japan¬ 
ese,  Malayan  or  Hindu  shall  be  admitted  to 
any  public  school  in  the  State.  It  was  a 
measure  similar  to  this  that  led  to  pro¬ 
tests  from  the  Japanese  and  the  interven¬ 
tion  of  President  Roosevelt  at  the  last  ses¬ 
sion  of  the  Legislature. 

A  serious  accident  occurred  January  IT 
iu  the  fire  room  of  the  battleship  Delaware, 
bound  from  (Uiantauamo  to  Hampton  Roads. 
Eight  enlisted  men  were  killed  and  one 
badly  injured.  No  commissioned  officers 
were  hurt. 


HO  lANrf 

no  Fan 
no  "Freezing 


Here's  a  light,  strong, 
durable  gasoline  engine 
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the  picture.  It  has  all 
the  advantages  of  air  and 
water  cooled  engines 
— with  the  disadvantages 
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Easy  to  start  —  easy  to 
operate — easy  to  under¬ 
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Feur  Sizes 

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mu  NOVO  BOOK 

Hildreth  Manufacturing  Company 

C.  E.  BEMENT,  Ssc'y  and  Can'l  Mgr. 

116  Willow  Street,  LANSING,  MICH. 

■silk  New  Automatic 

Double-Acting  Tool  Combination 
for  Farmers.  Mills.  Factories, 
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Puller;  Press;  Wrench;  Tire  Tightner; 
Vice;  Clamp,  etc.  Useful  in  a  hundred  ways 
the  entireyear.  Notan  experiment — a  fine¬ 
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Local  Agents— Salesmen 

Sell  on  sight  to  neighbors  and  represent  us 
in  home  county.  Fine  opportunity. 
Exclusive  plans  of  Salesmanship— 
r_.„Free  instruction.  W  rite  for  special 
.fpiPK*  offer,  prices  and  reserve  territory. 

*****  AUTOMATIC  JACK. CO. 


0 


Box  100,  Bloomfield,  bid. 


Orchards  Pay  Better  Than  Gold  Mines  When  Fertilized  With 

GENUINE  THOMAS  PHOSPHATE  POWDER! 

The  Massachusetts  State  Board  of  Agriculture  Offered  a  Prize  for  the  Most  Profitable  Acre  of  Massachusetts 

Orchards.  This  Contest  Has  Recently  Closed,  and  the 

FIRST  PRIZE  IS  WON  BY  THE  DREW-MUNSON  FRUIT  CO.,  of  Littleton,  Mass. 

Their  Prize  Winning  Acre  of  Baldwin  Apples 

GAVE  THEM  A  TOTAL  RETURN  Or  $715.70— THE  NET  PROFIT  WAS  $519.55 


THIS  ORDHARD  WAS 


GENUINE  THOMAS  PHOSPHATE  POWDER 


AT  THE  RATE  OF  1000 


FERTILIZED  WITH  vmiivxni,  Alll/lTirKJ  I1U/J1  HAIL  I  VnULll  POUNDS  PER  ACRE 


The  Following  Letter  From  Barnes  Brothers,  the  Famous  Fruit  Growers  and  Orchardists  of  Yalesville,  Conn., 
Shows  That  Thomas  Phosphate  Powder  Brings  a  Prize  to  Every  User  in  the  Form  of  a  Profitable  Crop  : 

The  Coe-Mortimer  Company, 

Gentlemen  : 


In  regard  to  Thomas  Phosphate  Powder,  you  will  re¬ 
call  that  we  bought  of  you  last  year  130  tons  and  we  wish  to 
say  that  it  gave  us  most  excellent  results.  On  our  peach 
orchard  where  we  used  it,  the  trees  made  a  splendid  growth 
with  heavy  dark  green  foliage,  the  fruit  was  of  excellent  color, 


and  the  keeping  qualities  were  remarkable,  which  was  a  big 
advantage ,  especially  when  we  had  over  150  cars  to  harvest 
in  about  two  weeks  as  we  had  this  year. 

We  never  saw  better  colored  Baldwin  Apples  than  those  we 
grew  where  we  applied  a  good  dressing  of  Thomas  Phosphate 
Powder.  The  best  sold  at  retail  for  S 9.00  per  barrel. 

Yours  truly,  Barnes  Brothers. 


THERE  IS  A  TRUTH  IN  ALL  THIS  FOR  YOU! 

The  whole  story  is  told  in  The  New  England  Homestead  for  January  7th,  1911,  and  in  the  New  Edition 
or  our  Booklet,  Up-  I  o  Date  bruit  Growing,”  which  is  sent  free  if  you  mention  The  Rural  New-Yorkek 


THE  COE-MORTIMER  CO. 


IMPORTERS  24-26  Stone  St.,  New  York  City 


We  also  distribute  from  Boston,  Mass.;  Belfast,  Maine;  Baltimohe,  Md.;  Philadelphia, 
Pa.;  Nokfolk,  Va.;  Wilmington,  N.  C.;  Savannah,  Ga.  and  Charleston,  S.  C. 


$100  BUYS  A 

FULL  ROLL 

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made  on  a  first  class  roof¬ 
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that  sell  at  much  higher 
prices.  Don't  spend  a  dol¬ 
lar  on  roofing  until  you 
have  seen 

JESS,  ROOFING 

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you  order  Unito  Roofing. 
Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
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ROOFING 

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PHKE  ROOFERS* 
GUIDE.  Write  for  this 
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PAINT 

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paint  free.  If 
it  does  not 
spread  best, 
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Wonderful  bargains  in 
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value.  Order  a 

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Unito  Gas  Engine 

Let  us  send  you  a  Unito 
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FARM 

IMPLEMENTS 

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The  United  hactorles  Company  consists  of  a  number  of  factories  co-operating  under  one  selling 

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ioe 

Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

GETHSEMANE. 

In  golden  youth,  when  seems  the  earth 
A  Summer  land  for  singing  mirth, 

When  souls  are  glad  and  hearts  are  light 
And  not  a  shadow  lurks  in  sight, 

We  do  not  know  it  but  there  lies 
Somewhere,  veiled  under  evening  skies, 

A  garden  each  must  some  time  see, 
Gethsemane,  Gethsemane, 
Somewhere  his  own  Gethsemane. 

With  joyous  steps  we  go  our  ways, 

Love  lends  a  halo  to  the  days. 

Light  sorrows  sail  like  clouds,  afar. 

We  laugh  and  say  how  strong  we  are. 

We  hurry  on,  and  hurrying,  go 
Close  to  the  borderland  of  woe 
That  waits  for  you  and  waits  for  me. 
Gethsemane,  Gethsemane, 

Forever  waits  Gethsemane. 

Down  shadowy  lanes,  across 
streams, 

Bridged  over  by  our  broken  dreams, 

Behind  the  misty  cape  of  years, 

Close  to  the  great  salt  font  of  tears 
The  garden  lies ;  strive  as  you  may 
You  cannot  miss  it  in  your  way. 

All  paths  that  have  been  or  shall  be 
Pass  somewhere 
Through  Gethsemane. 

All  those  who  journey,  soon  or  late 
Must  pass  within  the  garden's  gate; 

Must  kneel  alone  in  darkness  there 
And  battle  with  some  tierce  despair. 

God  pity  those  who  cannot  say — 

“Not  mine,  but  thine”  ;  who  only  pray, 
“Let  this  cup  pass,”  and  cannot  see 
The  purpose  in  Gethsemane. 

Gethsemane,  Gethsemane, 

God  help  us  through  Gethsemane  ! 

— Author  Unknown. 


People  who  dislike  milk  (and  many 
of  us  do)  always  feel  rebellious  when 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

similar  combinations  of  blue  or  lavender,  water  with  delicate  fabrics.” 

In  each  case  the  waist  was  of  the  ki-  The  genial  deacon  ambled  off,  and  I 
mono  type,  with  sleeves  all  in  one  with  discovered  for  myself  afterwards  that 
the  bodice.  The  lingerie  hats  showed  salt  dispersed  all  trace  of  blackness 
the  familiar  Corday  crown  and  droop-  from  the  carpet,  when  some  soot  had 
ing  brim,  the  crown  of  all-over  em-  been  spilled. 

broidery  and  the  brim  of  lace  pleatings.  ^  e  are  having  a  good  deal  of  trouble 
As  for  the  wash  goods,  which  are  now  w  the  potatoes  this  Winter,  for  they 
in  full  bloom,  there  are  a  great  many  keep  rotting  in  spite  of  the  picking  over, 
bordered  fabrics  among  them,  which  and  so  we  are  using  rice  instead  as  a 
will  make  up  very  handsomely  in  the  vegetable.  Steamed  slowly,  the  grains 

prevailing  styles.  In  buying  bordered  remail1  whole>  and  1  try  to  dish  UP  at 
goods  we  must  remember  to  allow  for  the  right  moment,  before  they  break, 
the  border,  which  leaves  the  fabric  For  a^er  all  why  should  we  be  such 
just  so  much  narrower  for  cutting.  sIaves  to  the  potato?  Though  it  must 

be  confessed  that  no  root  has  been  dis¬ 
covered  so  well  adapted  for  universal 
We  referred  some  time  ago  to  the  use  as  the  tubers  of  the  potato;  for 
free  clinic  and  dispensary  established  having  no  peculiarity  of  taste,  and  con- 

by  the  New  York  Women’s  League  for  slst"?S  chiefly  of  starch,  their  .farma  is 
*  .  “  .  nearly  the  same  as  that  of  grain.  When 

Animals  at  325  Lafayette  street.  During  tbey  are  good  and  plentiful  we  do  not 

strange  the  past  year  this  clinic  has  treated  think  of  a  substitute,  but  they  are  taken 
6,000  animals,  of  which  4,000  were  dogs,  for  granted,  and  potato  starch,  besides 

,  r  _ ,  being  of  use  in  the  laundry,  is  as  deh- 

the  nets  of  poor  people  who  baa  no  .  &  J i  c ,  T 

1  H  .  .  .  cate  as  sago  or  arrowroot  for  food.  I 

means  to  pay  veterinarians  for  their  do  noj.  know  wby  they  are  called  Irish 

care.  Twelve  hundred  sick  cats,  510  potatoes,  unless  it  is  that  they  are  the 

Horses,  one  goat,  a  man,  and  nearly  a  principal  food  of  the  poor  in  that  coun- 

i  i  t  i  ■  i  i  ti,p  fry»  and  that  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  when 

hundred  birds  were  also  treated.  The  tQok  them  over  from  Virginia, 

first  animal  treated  at  the  clinic  was  a  planted  them  on  his.  estate  near  Cork, 

cat.  A  little  girl  (who  did  not  share  and  encouraged  their  cultivation. 

the  views  expressed  about  cats  by  one  1  was  at  a  loss  what  to  make  for 

,  <.  „„„„  some  birthday  gifts,  and  decided  to 

of  our  recent  correspondents)  walked  make  homen/ad°  ca’ndy>  that  seemed 

all  the  way  over  from  Brooklyn,  across  so  much  appreciated  I  will  give  one  or 
the  big  bridge,  with  her  cat  tucked  tin-  two  of  the  recipes.  For  chocolate  cara- 
der  her  am :  poor  puss  had  had  her  tail  mels  I  used  two  tablespoonfuls  of  but- 
caught  in  the  jamb  of  a  door.  The  ter>  one-hal£  CUP  ™lk>  on'-hal£  -CUP 
surgeon  at  the  clinic  fixed  the  injured 
tail  so  it  was  as  good  as  new,  and 
both  the  cat  and  her  owner  went  back 
to  Brooklyn  happy.  The  care  given  to 


•  January  28, 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


MOTHERS  NEED 
Scott’s  Emulsion 


Many  mothers  have  learned 
how  much  they  needed 

Scott's  Emulsion 

by  taking  It  to  show  their 
children  that  It  was  a  sweet 
medicine. 

For  thirty-five  years  it  has 
been  the  best  known  specific 
against  fatigue  and  enfeeble- 
ment,  as  well  as  the  standard 
remedy  for  warding  off  and 
relieving  colds  and  affec¬ 
tions  of  the  throat  and  lungs. 


of  sugar,  one  cup  of  molasses,  four 
squares  of  chocolate,  and  a  cup  of 
walnut  meats  broken  into  fine  pieces. 
Put  butter  into  a  porcelain  saucepan 
and  when  melted  add  milk,  sugar  and 
molasses.  Add  the  chocolate  when 
horses  is  especially  valuable,  not  only  tiiese  are  at  t}ie  boiling  point.  It  must 

for  the  relief  it  affords  suffering  ani-  be  finely  grated  and  cooked  till  brittle 
a  doctor  orders  this  form  of  nourish-  ma]s  ]jut  also  for  tjie  a;d  t0  poor  and  when  tried  in  cold  water,  and  kept 

.  ^  ,  ^  .-••/I  A  r- r V  Ilf  ill  M  Af  H-i  PomAltO 


S>wff 


AtlGHt 


Soft,  steady  brtll- 
'%  iarit -light;  fixture* 
^  for  homes,  store*, 
X  churches,  $2.25  up. 


ment.  However,  there  are  many  ways 
of  altering  its  flavor  and  one  is  to 
soak  hot  popped  corn  in  it.  Have  the 
corn  freshly  popped,  and  soak  it  in 
either  hot  or  cold  milk.  It  gives  the 
milk  a  very  pleasant  flavor,  and  af- 


hard-working  men,  whose  horses  often 
constitute  their  sole  means  of  liveli¬ 
hood.  The  Women’s  League  has  active 
workers  in  humane  education  who  give 
instruction  in  care  of  animals  at  schools 


stirred  so  that  it  will  not  stick.  Remove 
from  the  lire,  beat  four  times  and  put 
in  the  nuts  and  vanilla  to  taste.  Turn 
into  a  buttered  pan  and  cut  when  cokl, 
into  shape,  wrapping  each  one  in  paraffin 
paper.  “Minty”  said  it  cost  as  much  as 
to  buy  at  confectioners,  but  I  counted 


Cheaper  than  gas  at  ^ 

25c.  ;  best  at  any 
price.  Burns  little 

gasoline,  much  air.  x  v  ^ 

Two  Weeks’  Guarantee 

Trial  „  „  ,  Bond 

No  agents — sold  direot  t>  you  Get  Catalog. 

SUN  VAPOR  LIGHT  CO.  111G  Market  St.,  Canton,  0 


Pints  of  Dirt  in  Your  Parlor 

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Send  for  “EASY”  Vacuum  Clea¬ 
ner  on  Ten  Day’s  FREE  Trial. 
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cleaner.  You  will  get  from  one  to 
four  pints  of  dirt  out  of  that  room. 
Write  today  for  FREE  Trial 
Order  Form. 

DODGE  ZUILL  *  224  C 
Dillaye  Bldg.,  Syracuse,  N.Y. 
or  Easy  Washer  Co.,  Bruce 
and  Dundas  Sts.,  Toronto. 


and  settlements,  and  also  gives  much  die  expense  of  ingredients  and  proved 


PURE  HONEY 


— Amber  extracted,  $1.00  per 
gallon.  Comb,  10  los.,  $2. 
H.  It.  LYON, Cranford,  N.J. 


fords  a  change  to  those  who  are  tired  jiejp  to  work  horses  in  supplying  water-  otherwise. 


ing  and  sprinkling  places  in  Summer  The  boys  wanted  some  old-fashioned 
,  ,  •  ,  •  itt-  .  <tm  •  popcorn  balls,  and  I  made  some  for 

and  chain  shoes  m  Winter.  The  g  ■  -  ^jlem  distribute  to  their  friends.  Two 
est  need  at  present  is  a  hospital  where  jarge  CUpS  cf  newly  popped  corn,  two 
animals  could  be  cared  for  until  re-  tablespoonfuls  of  butter,  two  cups  of 

covered;  they  can  only  give  tempo-  brown  sugar,  one-half  cup  of  water. 

•  .  L  When  the  butter  is  melted  in  saucepan 

rary  care  to  them  at  the  dispen  a  j .  add  sugar  and  water,  boil  16  minutes, 

Of  course  they  need  funds  for  this.  and  pour  over  corn,  making  into  balls 
What  a  pity  some  billionaire  cannot  before  the  syrup  is  too  cold. 

follow  the  example  of  the  pious. Jains  I  have  been  busy  scraping  horse- 

,  _  .  .  ..  ,  .  .  '.  e-  radish,  and  it  is  hard  on  the  hands,  so  1 

of  India,  and  build  a  hospital  for  ru]j  them  with  sweet  oil  afterwards. 

ailing  animals  of  the  poor!  Would  not  'The  stores  asked  for  some  mixed  with 
such  an  institution  advance  the  cause  of  vinegar  and  put  up  in  bottles,  and  it 
which  will  quite  transform  a  plain  coat.  a,  by  inducing .  pity  .  and  means  a  little  pocket  money  At  this 

,  -  ,  .  t  n  season  of  the  year  it  is  one  of  the  most 

tenderness  towards  the  least  of  Hods  useful  domestic  salads,  and  is  said  to  be 

creatures?  stimulating  and  help  digestion.  One 

• - -  of  the  doctors  here  has  recommended  it 

Charity  Sweetheart’s  Letter.  scraped  and  applied  as  a  poultice  mixed 

with  a  little  flour  in  cases  of  chronic 


of  it  otherwise. 

♦ 

Ornamental  frogs  of  braid  and  pas¬ 
sementerie  are  seen  on  many  of  the 
new  coats  this  Winter.  It  is  not  dif¬ 
ficult  to  make  these  if  desired  with 
cord  loops,  crocheted  buttons  and  any 
plain  or  fancy  braid  liked.  Sometimes 
a  woman  can  find  most  of  the  material 
for  making  such  ornaments  among  her 
scraps  of  trimming,  and  thus  provide  a 
fashionable  ornament  at  small  cost, 


Dark  fur  is  not  always  becoming 
around  the  neck,  and  for  this  reason 
many  women  like  to  show  a  little  white 
against  the  skin  under  an  outdoor  wrap. 
Among  little  mufflers  noted  this  Win¬ 
ter  are  little  white  silk  scarfs  edged 


I  don’t  know  of  anything  that  gives 


rheumatism,  and  it  has  made  quite  a 


one  the  queer  thrill  that  comes  down  frade  jn  horseradish,  though  one  man 

the  spine  when  the  kitchen  chimney  wbo  put  it  on  without  flour  developed 

along  one  side  with  a  border  of  white  takes  fjre)  especially  on  a  windy  day.  a  blister  before  he  realized  it.  Like  a 
swansdown.  This  is  folded  around  just  y  f eej  s0  helpless  if  there  are  no  men  good  many  other  common  plants,  we  do 
ins.de  the  coat  collar,  so  that  the  swans-  f  ”  J  tho„gh  there  is  a  lad-  thelr  ''al“e  or  U,’derSta”d 

down  shows.  It  is  very  becoming,  and  der  kept  at  ours,  it  is  a  feat  of  agility  The  year  flies  on,  day  by  day,  week 
gives  needed  protection  to  a  light-col-  to  g.e^  the  ladder.  So  when  it  hap-  by  week,  and  one  has  a  feeling  of  dis- 
ored  waist,  which  is  very  easily  soiled  _ened  the  other  day  I  was  glad  to  see  satisfaction  that  it  is  the  same  old  jog 
with  dark  fur.  A  piece  of  six-inch  white  Deacon  Price,  stop  his  horse  and  come 

satin  ribbon,  about  30  inches  long,  with  bllt  be  did  not  attempt  to  reach  the  ffress  jn  ourselves  it  would  be  comfort- 

narrow  swansdown  down  one  side,  chimney,  only  asked  for  coarse  salt.  I  ing,  but  the  regular  routine  pins  us 
makes  this  dainty  muffler.  had  just  filled  the  jar  we  keep  at  hand,  down  to  the  three  meals  a  day,  and  the 

*  so  there  was  plenty,  and  he  put  it  all  in  After  a]1  ;t  5s  the  duties  of  the  hour 

The  new  Spring  clothes  appear  m  the  tjie  stove(  shut  up  all  the  dampers  and  that  count,  and  so  I  work  in  the  kitchen 

New  York  shops  as  soon  as  Christinas  closed  the  doors.  The  roaring  ceased  trying  as  Mrs.  Whitney  wrote  to  ^ 

is  over,  and  their  windows  are  now  jn  a  few  mjmites  and  the  danger  was  “Make  things  pleasant  in  one  little  place. 

gay  with  linen  gowns,  lingerie  hats  and  past)  thanks  to  our  neighbor  stopping  tQ  WQV' use "even^n’tfie1  quiet”  simple 
filmy  parasols.  This  is  for  the  benefit  drafts  and  putting  in  the  salt.  homes  where  so  many  women  answer 

of  tourists  going  to  the  fashionable  re-  “Did  you  never  know  that  before?”  the  call  of  duty,  charity  sweetheart. 

then 


ii  Maple  n  Evaporators  1 

Our  “Maple  Evaporator”  it  the  most  durable  and  most 
economical  on  the  market,  only  selected  materials  being 
used  In  Its  construction.  Heavy  cast-iron  frame,  rein¬ 
forced  sheet  steel  jacket,  extra  heavy  specially  rolled  tin 
or  galvanised  iron  pans. 

Easily  erected,  uses  very  little  fuel  either 
wood  or  coal,  works  smoothly  and  evap¬ 
orates  quickly,  producing  very  fine  sugar 
and  syrup.  Hundreds  in  use  giving 
splendid  service.  Moderate  in  cost. 

We  carry  a  foil  line  of  sugar  camp  sup¬ 
plies. 


McLane- 
Schank 
Hard¬ 
ware  Co 

LlnesvUle 
Pb. 


SPLENDID  CROPS 

Saskatchewan  (Western  Canada) 

800  Bushels  From  20  Acres 

of  wheat  was  the  thresher’ ■  re¬ 
turn  from  aLloydminster  farm 
in  the  season  of  1910.  Many 
fields  in  that  as  well  as  other 
districts  yielded  from  26  to  35 
bushels  of  wheat  to  the  acre. 
Other  grains  in  proportion. 

Large  Profits 

are  thus  derived  from  the 
FREE  HOMESTEAD 
LANDS  of  Western  Canada. 

This  excellent  showing  causes  prices 
to  advance.  Land  values  should  double 
in  two  years’  time. 

Grain  growing,  mixed  farming, 
cattle  raising  and  dairying  are  all 
prof  ltable.  Free  Homesteads  of  1 60 
acres  are  to  be  bad  In  the  very  best 
districts;  160-acre  pre-emptions  at 
$3.00  per  acre  within  certain  areas. 
Schools  and  churches  In  every  set¬ 
tlement,  climate  unexcelled,  soli 
the  richest;  wood,  water  and  build¬ 
ing  material  plentiful. 

For  low  settlers’  railway  rates  and  illurtra- 
ted  pamphlet,  “Last  Best  West,  ”  and  other  in¬ 
formation,  write  to  Sup’t  of  Immig.,  Ottawa, 
Can. ,  or  Can.  Gov’t  Agt.  (62) 

Supt.  of  Immigration,  Ottawa,  Canada,  or 
Canadian  Government  Agent.  30  Syracuse 
Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


sorts  in  the  South,  or  to  California, 
but  it  is  also  quite  helpful  in  aiding 
others  to  plan  for  warm  weather.  We 
notice  many  beautiful  white  linen 
gowns  showing  a  mixture  with  color. 
Among  them  are  long  tunics  of  white 


he  asked  in  astonishment,  and 
went  on  to  tell  me  the  domestic  virtues 
of  salt. 

“Why,  it  is  wonderful  what  it  can 

do,”  he  said,  “for  it  will  start  up  a  coal 
fire,  as  well  as  put  out  a  fire  in  the 


over  a  colored  skirt,  both  skirt  and  chimney,  and  takes  away  the  pain  of  a 
tunic  being  closely  fitted.  In  one  ex-  bee  sting.  If  you  sweep  carpets'  with 
ample  the  overdress  was  white  linen  salt  the  moths  will  keep  their  distance, 
with  pink  bands  at  neck  and  sleeves,  and  if  you  put  some  in  the  whitewash  it 
the  underskirt  pink,  while  the  tunic  makes  it  stick.  If  you  are  afraid  of 
was  enriched  with  pink  embroidery  and  your  cake  scorching  at  the  bottom,  put 
lacings  of  white  soutache  braid  drawn  some  salt  under  the  baking  tin,  and  we 
through  pink  ej’elets.  Others  showed  know  it  sets  colors  when  put  in  the 


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leu. 


Between  Meals  ^ 

Don’t  deny  yourself  food  till  meal 


time 

When  that  mid  morning  hunger  ap¬ 
proaches,  satisfy  it  with  Uneeda  Biscuit 
1  hese  biscuit  are  little  nuggets  of  nutritic 
each  crisp  soda  cracker  contains  energy 
for  thirty  minutes  more  work. 

Many  business  men  eat  them  at  ten  A 
in  the  morning.  So  do  school  sxjjm 
children  at  recess.  | 

They’re  more  nutritive  than  ^ £ 
bread.  You  can  eat  them  • 

dry-— or  with  milk. 

Uneeda  Biscuit  are  SR'--'"- 

always  crisp  and  '  m 

delightful. 

Never  Sold 
in  Bulk 


In  itw  moisture-proof 
package 


NATIONAL  BISCUIT  COMPANY 


Cream  Cookies  —  Raised  Donghirots. 

Will  some  of  the  many  readers  of  The 
R.  X.-Y.  give  a  recipe  for  making  sugar 
cookies  with  sweet  cream,  also  one  for 
raised  doughnuts?  i.  j.  m. 

Here  are  recipes  for  sour  cream 
cookies,  but  we  have  none  using  sweet 
cream:  Cream  three-quarters  of  a  cup¬ 
ful  of  butter  and  add  gradually  two 
cupfuls  of  granulated  sugar,  the  beaten 
yolks  of  two  eggs,  one  cupful  of  thick 
sour  cream,  the  grated  zest  of  one 
orange  or  lemon,  four  cupfuls  of  flour 
sifted  with  one  teaspoonful  of  soda,  and 
lastly  the  well-beaten  whites  of  the 
eggs;  roll  out  and  cut  with  a  round 
cutter.  If  too  soft  to  roll,  add  a  very 
litle  more  flour. 

Vanilla  cream  cookies  call  for  one 
cup  of  thick  sour  cream,  one  cup  of 
sugar,  one  small  teaspoon  of  soda,  one 
teaspoon  vanilla  and  flour  to  mix  for 
rolling  out.  The  author  of  this  recipe 
usually  puts  a  little  more  than  two  cups 
of  flour  in  a  pan  and  sifts  one  tea¬ 
spoonful  of  baking  powder  into  it,  as 
the  soda  and  sour  cream  need  this  help; 
next  mix  in  the  sugar  dry  and  add  a 
pinch  of  salt.  Cream  is  seldom  twice 
the  same.  Sometimes  it  will  be  so 
heavy  and  rich  that  a  little  hot  water  is 
needed  to  dissolve  the  soda,  again  it  is 
light  and  no  other  wetting  should  be 
added.  You  must  use  little  flour  when 
rolling  out  the  dough,  handling  it  lightly. 
Roll  to  about  a  quarter  inch  thick.  Use 
a  round  cooky  cutter,  sprinkle  with 
granulated  sugar  before  baking  and  be 
careful  to  bake  to  only  a  delicate  brown 
in  a  quick  oven.  This  is  an  economical 
recipe  where  one  has  cream,  and  the 
cookies  are  very  good. 

Raised  Doughnuts.  —  When  baking 
bread  take  a  piece  of  bread  the  size  of 
a  small  loaf,  one-half  cup  sugar,  one- 
half  cup  butter  or  drippings  (add  a  level 
teaspoon  salt  if  butter  is  not  used),  one 
saltspoon  each  of  ground  cinnamon, 
cloves  and  nutmeg;  mix  together  with 
the  hands,  turn  on  to  floured  board  and 
knead  quickly  and  lightly  until  dough 
is  smooth  and  springy,  not  stiff;  put  in 
a  warm,  buttered  bowl  and  place  in  a 
warm  place  to  raise;  when  light  (about 
double  original  bulk)  turn  out  on 
floured  board,  roll  thin,  cut  and  make 
into  old-fashioned  braids,  twists  and 
bow-knots ;  set  aside  on  board  to  raise ; 
when  light  fry  in  very  hot  fat  until 
brown;  lift,  drain  and  roll  in  powdered 
sugar. 


THE  FfCJ  RAL  NEW-YORKER 


Two  Hard  Questions. 

On  wash  day,  when  my  white  clothes 
were  put  into  the  boiler  a  stocking  (black) 
was  put  in  also.  When  they  were  taken 
from  the  boiler  several  of  the  pieces  were 
stained.  They  look  just  as  if  they  were 
dipped  into  blue  dye.  Could  you  tell  me 
if  the  stain  can  be  taken  out? 

I  had  a  piece  of  Rogers  plaster  work  in 
storage,  and  while  there  mice  gnawed  at 
it.  It  looks  very  bad  :  the  polish  is  off,  and 
great  dark  stains  on  it.  Knowing  I  cannot 
replace  it  I  was  wondering  if  it  could  be 
made  presentable.  Can  you  help  me  in  my 
troubles?  mrs.  d.  a.  p. 

Here  are  two  very  hard  questions. 
I' or  the  first  we  can  only  suggest 
bleaching  with  Javelle  water.  This  is 
made  by  dissolving  one  pound  of  sal- 
soda  and  one-quarter  pound  of  chlor¬ 
ide  of  lime  in  two  quarts  of  boiling 
water.  After  dissolving  let  it  settle, 
then  pour  off  the  clear  solution,  discard¬ 
ing  all  solids,  which,  while  they  should 
not  be  used  in  bleaching,  are  excellent 
for  cleaning  waste  pipes.  Small  spots 
may  be  scrubbed  out  by  stretching  the 
material  over  the  bottom  of  a  plate,  and 
scrubbing  with  a  soft  toothbrush,  dipped 
in  Javelle  water.  Where  there  are  larger 
stains  or  general  cloudiness  we  would 
try  diluting  the  Javelle  water  one-half, 
and  rinsing  the  fabric  in  it,  but  in 
either  case  the  material  must'  at  once 
be  rinsed  twice,  first  in  clear  water,  and 
then  in  ammonia  and  water.  Without 
this  precaution  Javelle  water  rots  the 
fabric.  The  fabric  should  be  dried 
in  full  sunlight;  alternate  freezing  and 
sunlight  makes  an  excellent  bleaching 
-igent.  Many  stains  are  best  removed 
by  pouring  boiling  water  upon  them,  but 
in  this  case  it  might  set  the  dye.  We 
should  be  glad  to  have  experience  from 
those  who  have  removed  such  stains. 

The  second  question  is  too  much  for 
us.  These  Rogers  groups  are  usually 
composed  of  grayish  plaster,  with 


Tire  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  ahvays  give 
number  of  pattern  and  measurement  de¬ 
sired. 

The  severe,  mannish  shirtwaist  is 
greatly  liked  by  many  women.  This  one 
is  adapted  to  silk  and  flannel,  as  well 
as  to  cotton  and  linen  fabrics.  It  can 
be  made  just  as  illustrated,  or  without 
the  pocket,  and  the  back  can  be  left 
plain  or  finished  with  an  applied  yoke. 
The  sleeves  are  without  fullness  at  the 
shoulders  and  are  inserted  after  the 
manner  used  in  making  men’s  shirt. 
The  waist  consists  of  fronts  and  backs. 


6794  Mannish  Shirt  Waist, 

34  to  44  bust. 

It  is  finished  with  the  regulation  box 
plait.  The  sleeves  are  in  shirt  style, 
finished  with  openings  and  laps  and 
straight  cuffs.  The  quantity  of  material 
required  for  the  medium  size  is  3 )4 
yards  21  or  24,  2  yards  36,  or  1§4  yards 
44  inches  wide.  The  pattern  6794  is 
cut  in  sizes  for  34,  36,  38,  40,  42  and 
44  inch  bust  measure ;  price  10  cents. 

The  smaller  pictures  include,  6843, 
fancy  blouse  with  low  or  high  neck,  with 
or  without  under-sleeves,  34  to  40  bust. 
2)4  yards  of  material  24  or  27  inches 
wide,  1)4  yards  36  or  44,  with  2)4  yards 
of  banding,  1^4  inches  wide,  1  yard  2 
inches  wide,  1  yard  all-over  lace  for 
yoke  and  under-sleeves,  for  medium  size. 
6856,  surplice  waist,  with  high  or  low 
neck,  with  or  without  under-sleeves  in 
full  or  three-quarter  length.  34  to  42 


■6856 


smooth  finish.  Ordinary  dust  marks  are 
removed  from  plaster  casts  by  making 
a  .Paste  of  whiting  or  pipe  clay,  mixed 
with  alcohol  or  with  water  containing 
a  little  ammonia.  This  is  left  on  until 
it  dries,  and  then  brushed  off,  remov- 
ing  the  grime.  This  might  be  of  use. 
i  here  is  a  wax  filling  used  for  plaster 
casts  which  would  restore  polish,  but  it 
would  be  necessary  to  remove  the  stains 
hrst.  Who  can  help  us  with  this? 


bust;  3)4  yards  of  material  24  or  27 
inches  wide,  2 %  yards  36,  1 %  yards  44, 
with  7/s  yard  of  silk,  1 %  yards  of  all- 
over  lace  for  trimming,  -for  medium  size. 
6859,  blouse  with  straight  tunic  for 
misses  and  small  women  14,  16  and  18 
years;  4  yards  of  material  24  or  27 
inches  wide,  2)4  yards  36  or  44,  with  1% 
yards  18  inches  wide,  for  trimming 
bands  for  16  year  size.  6836,  plaited 
tunic  skirt,  with  five-gored  foundation 
straight  plaited  flounce  and  five-gored 
tunic,  22  to  3o,  9)4  yards  of  material  24 
or  27  inches  wide,  7)4  yards  36  inches 
wide,  5)4  yards  44  with  1§4  yards  36 


inches  wide  for  foundation,  2  yards  v, 
for  bands,  width  of  skirt  at  lower  edge 
4  yards,  2  yards  when  plaited  for  medium 
size.  6850,  tucked  blouse  for  misses  and 
small  women,  with  or  without  fitted  lin¬ 
ing,  14,  16  and  18  years;  3)4  yards  of 
material  24  or  27  inches  wide,  2  yards 
36,  1J4  yards  44  with  Ys  yard  18  inches 
wide  for  yoke  and  collar,  for  16  year 
size. 


Cleaning  Flues  With  Zinc. 

I  see  inquiry  concerning  cleaning 
chimney  or  kitchen  flues  with  zinc.  The 
process  is  quite  simple;  take  some  old 
scrap  zinc,  place  it  in  stove  when  there 
is  a  brisk  fire,  or  a  great  quantity  of 
coal  and  it  will  cause  the  soot  to  burn 
readily  and  thus  relieve  the  flue  of  its 
congestion.  •  H.  m. 

On  page  14  Mrs.  E.  VV.  asks  about 
cleaning  flues  with  zinc.  The  method 
usually  followed  is  to  throw  the  zinc 
scraps  on  the  fire,  where  they  are 
allowed  to  burn.  It  seems  that  zinc 
oxide  is  formed  in  the  fire  and  being 
very  light  flows  up  the  chimney  and 
coming  in  contact  with  the  soot  attracts 
the  carbon  from  the  soot  and  breaks  up 
or  softens  the  deposits  of  soot. 

w.  E.  D. 

I  have  used  that  method  of  cleaning 
for  20  years  or  more.  The  soot  usually 
takes  fire  when  there  is  a  hot  fire  in  the 
stove.  Throw  a  handful  of  scraps  of 
sheet  zinc  on  top  of  the  fire  in  the 
stove,  and  shut  the  front  draft;  if  the 
zinc  is  cut  fine  it  will  put  the  fire  out 
in  the  flue  as  quickly  as  you  could  blow 
out  a  candle.  If  in  larger  pieces  it 
will  take  a  little  more  time,  but  I  have 
always  found  it  sure.  A  good  plan  in 
connection  with  the  foregoing  and  one 
followed  by  myself  and  most  of  my 
neighbors  is  to  keep  a  bit  of  scrap 
zinc  handy,  one-half  pound  is  enough 
for  any  ordinary  lire.  Such  things  as 
this  ought  to  be  printed  in  all  the 
papers  at  least  once  a  year.  A  person 
will  read  an  item  like  this  and  if  they 
do  not  have  occasion  to  use  it  right  off 
they  are  apt  to  forget  it,  but  if  they 
have  a  chance  to  try  it  right  away,  as  I 
did,  and  perhaps  save  a  set  of  buildings, 
they  will  remember  it.  r. 


hareu  sj>*roFTI/'  / 

Fast  Brown  that  is  Fast 

Brown  calico  dress-goods 
are  perfectly  practical  for 
wash-dresses  if  you  use 

Simpson- 

Eddystone 

Fast  Hazel  Brown  Prints 

—  fast  to  soap,  light  and 
perspiration.  Because  of 
their  superior  quality  of 
cloth  and  color,  and  their 
many  beautiful  designs, 
Simpson  -  Eddystone 
Prints  have  been  the  stan¬ 
dard  for  over  65  years. 

Show  this  advertisement  to  your  deal¬ 
er  when  you  order,  and  don’t  accept 
|  substitutes.  If  not  in  your  dealer’s 
|  stock  write  us  his  name  and  address 
We’ll  help  him  supply  you. 

The  Eddystone  Mfg.  Co.,  Philadelphia 

Established  by  Wm.  Simpson,  Sr. 


We  are  very  poor  if  we  have  nothing 
that  will  do  us  any  more  good  than  our 
money.— Ram’s  Horn. 


AGE  NTS 
WA  N  T  E  D 


»iih  PECKS^gff/  RIVETS 


Anyone  can  do  it.  Quick  and  easy.  No  | 
solder,  cement  or  bolt.  Fit  any  surfc,  c.  I 
Send  for  sample  box  of  *5  assorted  sizes,  it  cl 
postpaid.  Regular  package  3$c. 

PECK  &  CO.,  245  Main  St.,  Baturin,  M.  Y.l 


10  DAYS  FREE  TRIAi 

We  ship  on  approval  without  *  re 
i-poaii.  .  freight  prepaid.  DON' 
PAY  A  CENT  if  you  are  not  talleSi 
after  neinf  the  bicycle  10  day.. 

DO  NOT  BUY  of  tires  from  avym 

ftt  any  price  until  you  receive  our  iate 
1  art  catalogs  illustrating:  every  kind 
‘bicycle,  and  have  learned  our  unheard  * 
prices  and  mawelous  new  offers. 

0UE  OF  NT  *•  it  will  cost  you 

Milk  Vhll  I  write  a  postal  and  ever; 
thing  will  be  eent  you  tree  postpaid  1 
return  mail.  You  will  get  much  valuable  ii 
formation.  Do  not  wait,  write  it  uov 
.  r  TIKES,  Coaster  -  Brake  rea 
wneels,  lamps,  sundries  at  half  usual  prices . 

Mead  Cycle  Co.  Dept.  ^80  DA/ca# 


108 

Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

ECHOES  FROM  THE  STOCK  SHOW. 

Next  to  a  presidential  nomination,  live 
stock  shows  bring  the  greatest  crowds  to 
Chicago.  The  International  Exposition  has 
been  in  existence  11  years,  and  each  year 
shows  an  increase  in  attendance.  This 
season  the  animals  were  unusually  well  bal¬ 
anced  as  to  numbers;  there  were  about  1,100 
head  of  cattle,  1,100  head  of  sheep,  and 
1,100  head  of  horses,  in  round  numbers, 
and  there  were  about  800  head  of  hogs. 
There  was  quantity  and  quality  in  practical¬ 
ly  all  classes,  but  in  horses  some  of  the 
largest  classes  ever  seen  in  Chicago  were 
shown.  In  one  class  of  Belgians  there 
were  72  animals,  and  a  well-known  horse 
breeder  estimated  the  value  of  the  class  to 
be  $175,000. 

But  to  go  back  to  the  crowds.  They 
came  from  at  least  half  of  the  States  of  the 
Union,  men,  women  and  children,  and  they 
made  a  -whole  week  of  it,  returning  to  their 
homes  only  after  all  the  stock  had  been 
judged  The  term  “cattle  barons”  had 
been  used  to  denominate  a  class  of  farmers 
who  are  furnishing  this  and  other  nations 
with  meat,  and  an  observer  at  a  live  stock 
show  may  be  convinced  that  the  words  are 
fittingly  applied.  The  stockmen  come  to 
the  show  exhibiting  not  only  their  high 
types  of  beef  stock,  but  themselves  as  the 
best  dressed,  behaved,  and  intelligent  set 
of  people  on  earth.  The  cattle  baron  of 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


January  28, 


the  Berkshire  tribe.  Last  year  the  Poland- 
Chinas  had  the  honor. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  features  of 
the  sheep  exhibit  was  the  display  of  wool 
and  w’ool  products  made  by  the  Ohio  State 
College.  This  was  an  innovation,  and 
claimed  a  wonderful  amount  of  attention, 
Wool  was  shown  in  bits  and  in  fleeces,  tied 
and  loose,  of  such  a  great  variety  of  texture 
as  to  keep  the  wool  men  about  the  cases 
much  of  the  time. 

Probably  the  most  acute  disappointment 
of  the  show  was  the  failure  of  a  Canadian 
exhibitor  to  capture  the  grand  champion¬ 
ship  honor  for  his  Short-horn  steer.  “Roan 
James.”  Thousands  of  visitors  at  the  show 
who  saw  this  consummate  example  of  the 
breeder’s  and  feeder’s  skill  were  disappoipt- 
ed  when  the  purple  was  given  to  Shamrock 
II,  and  Roan  Jim's  master  all  but  col¬ 
lapsed  in  the  arena  when  the  decision  was 
made.  Jim  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
creatures  in  color,  weight,  and  carriage  that 
ever  has  been  led  into  the  International 
ring.  He  had  been  given  the  first  in  his 
class,  and  he  was  of  that  rank  in  the 
minds  of  a  great  many  stockmen  that  en¬ 
titled  him  to  championship  place.  Once 
before  the  Canadian  had  won  with  a 
worthy  member  of  the  Short-horn  tribe, 
and  so  sure  was  he  that  he  would  carry 
the  purple  across  the  border  that  he  could 
scarcely  “believe  his  eyes”  when  the  ribbon 
was  thrown  across  the  chunky  shoulders 
of  the  calfy  black.  J.  l.  graff. 

Tumor. 

I  have  a  filly  three  years  old  and  began 
working  her  last  Spring.  The  first  tim* 
she  was  worked  a  lump  came  on  the  point 
of  her  shoulder  and  although  I  have  tried 
several  remedies  I  have  been  unable  to  re¬ 
move  it.  Can  you  give  me  a  remedy? 

Kentucky.  s-  K-  A- 

If  a  hard,  fibroid  tumor  has  formed,  as 
we  suspect  in  the  case,  external  applica- 


AJAX  FLAKES 

THIS  valuable  distillers’  grain 
contains  about  31%  protein, 
13%  fat.  It  is  twice  as  strong  as 
bran.  Yon  cannot  make  milk 
economically  if  you  use  bran. 
One  pound  of  AJAX  FLAKES 
does  the  work  of  two  pounds  of 
bran,  and  saves  $14.00  per  ton. 

AJAX  FLAKES 

holds  hundreds  of  official  records  and 
many  world’s  records.  It  is  used  and 
recommended  by  Cornell  Agricultural 
College,  Pennsylvania  State  College 
and  prominent  breeders.  You  should 
lay  in  your  supply  now. 

Send [  for  Feeders'  Hand  Book  with 
tables  and  feeding  instructions. 

BEWARE  OF  IMITATIONS 

CHAPIN  &  CO., Seneca  &  Main  Sts.,1 T Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


Registered 


D.S.PAT.0FF. 


GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS 
Protein  31  ’  33% 

Fat  12/0 

Carbohydrates  30-40% 
Fibre  12*14% 


BEEF-MAKING  IN  AN  OHIO  WINTER.  Fig.  39. 


to-day  ranks  even  above  the  old-time  cotton 
planter  of  the  South  in  everything  sub¬ 
stantial  and  showy.  One  of  the  interest¬ 
ing  features  of  the  show  was  the  warm 
contest  between  the  individual  stock  breed¬ 
ers  and  feeder  and  the  experts  of  the 
agricultural  colleges.  Both  were  in  almost 
every  class.  The  college  people  have  car¬ 
ried  off  most  of  the  most  highly-prized 
offerings  in  the  last  11  years,  but  some  of 
the  individual  farmers  at  the  eleventh  an¬ 
nual  show  beat  the  college  chaps  in  a  fair 
show-down.  This  was  particularly  evident 
in  some  of  the  sheep  awards,  when  the 
farmer  got  the  firsts  and  the  college  herds 
were  content  to  take  second  or  even  less. 

Champion  winners  this  year  sold  high, 
as  they  have  done  in  other  years.  The 
grand  champion  Shire  stallion  sold  for  810.- 
000  spot  cash  as  soon  as  he  had  won  his 
ribbon.  The  Angus  grand  champion  steer 
sold  for  GO  cents  a  pound,  bringing  $672 
for  his  carcass,  the  highest  price  but  one 
in  the  history  of  the  International.  The 
grand  champion  carload  of  steers,  also  An¬ 
gus  animals,  sold  for  13%  cents  a  pound. 
Little  animals,  but  chunky  ones,  found 
great  favor  with  ■  the  judges  in  the  cattle 
classes.  This  began  when  a  ten-months-old 
calf  was  selected  as  the  grand  champion 
steer.  The  judge  who  placed  the  animals 
in  the  Angus  tribe  furnished  the  first  grand 
champion  steer  to  the  International.  This 
steer  was  known  as  Advance,  and  he  sold 
for  $1.50  a  pound,  the  highest  figure  that 
yet  has  been  attained.  The  name  of  the 
owner  of  that  costly  creature  is  Stanley 
rierce,  of  Illinois,  and  during  the  whole 
of  the  show,  while  he  was  judging  the 
classes,  the  smaller  types  got  great  favor 
with  him.  Animals  that  weighed  much 
less  in  classes  of  the  same  age  got  the 
blue  in  many  instances. 

Some  of  the  finest  exhibits  were  the 
herds  and  animals  that  were  the  get  of  one 
sire.  They  presented  a  splendid  appear¬ 
ance  and  showed  the  remarkable  progress 
that  has  been  made  in  animal  husbandry, 
not  only  by  the  college  people,  but  by  the 
individual  breeder.  The  young  bulls  and 
the  calf  herds  came  in  for  an  immense 
amount  of  admiration  from  the  visitors. 
The  grand  champion  barrow  came  from 
Ohio,  and  after  he  had  -won  his  distinction 
he  was  presented  to  the  Idaho  State  Col¬ 
lege  and  will  be  taken  on  a  tour  of  in¬ 
spection  as  a  model  porker.  He  belongs  to 


tions  will  have  no  effect,  and  removal  by 
dissection  will  have  to  be  undertaken  by 
the  veterinarian.  If  there  is  a  soft  spot 
in  the  tumor  open  it  deeply  and  after 
evacuating  the  pus  pack  the  cavity  once 
daily  with  oakum  saturated  in  a  mixture  of 
equal  parts  of  turpentine  and  raw  linseed 
oil.  This  always  is  effective  treatment  for 
an  abscess  caused  by  the  collar,  and  if  it 
is  practiced  at  once  it  often  prevents  the 
formation  of  the  tumor.  The  abscess 
usually  forms  under  the  great  levator 
humeri  muscle  of  the  shoulder ;  but  some¬ 
times  a  little  boil  or  small  abscess  forms 
externally,  just  under  the  skin,  but  con¬ 
nects  with  the  deeper  one  under  the  muscle. 
In  our  experience  the  more  pus  present  on 
opening  the  cavity  the  sooner  will  it  heal 
up  and  the  less  likelihood  will  there  be  of  a 
tumor  forming.  a.  s.  a. 

Catarrh  in  Cow. 

I  have  a  cow  that  seems  to  have  a 
cold  in  head  or  catarrhal  trouble,  sneezes 
and  throws  off  a  lot  of  mucus,  also  coughs 
some.  I  have  tested  with  tuberculin  and 
she  did  not  respond.  She  is  in  good  flesh 
and  gives  a  fair  quantity  of  milk.  I  have 
bought  another  cow  that  has  started  in 
same  way.  Is  it  a  contagious  disease,  and 
what  is  the  remedy?  t.  p.  c. 

This  probably  is  a  catarrhal  form  of  in¬ 
fluenza  which  is  contagious.  See  that  the 
stable  is  perfectly  ventilated  and  sun- 
lighted  ;  otherwise  the  cows  should  be  out 
doors  as  much  as  possible  while  weather 
is  fine.  Steaming  the  head  with  hot  water 
containing  a  dram  of  creosote  per  quart 
will  help.  The  steaming  may  be  simply 
done  by  shutting  up  the  cows  in  a  box 
stall  in  which  a  kettle  of  the  medicated 
boiling  water  is  placed  so  that  the  cows 
cannot  knock  it  over.  In  the  feed  three 
times  a  day  mix  a  tablespoonful  of  a  mix¬ 
ture  of  one  part  dried  sulphate  of  iron 
and  two  parts  each  of  powdered  chloride 
of  ammonia,  licorice  root  and  ground  gen¬ 
tian  root.  If  the  cows  are  in  calf  omit  the 
iron  and  add  one  part  powdered  liydrastis. 

A.  s.  A. 


DUROC-JERSEY  PIGS  AND  SERVICE  BOARS  of  the  best 
breeding.  Pedlgreo  with  each  one.  Price 
reasonable.  HENRY  PATRICK,  Rustbnrg,  Va. 


|  Horses  and  mules 

THE  PEBCHERON  SOCIETY  OF  AMERICA 

Has  just  increased  its  capital  stock  to 
$100,000.  10.000  shares  of  $10  each.  3,000 

shareholders,  Nov.  28,  1910.  100  breeders 

have  taken  membership  since  Doc.  1st. 
Ninety-five  per  cent  of  the  Percheron 
breeders  of  America  record  with  the 
Percheron  Society.  *  *  *  *  # 

Information  pertaining  Percherons  furnished.  Address 

WAYNE  DIN8MOBE,  Secretary, 
Union  Stock  Yards,  Chicago,  III. 

Cfi  Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
DU  at  farmers’  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penn  a.  K.R.  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O. 

To  Avoid  Inbreeding 

We  Will  Sell  Our  Pure-Bred  Suffolk  Stallion 

“ JUBILEE ” 

He  stands  16  hands,  seven  years  old,  sound,  kind, 
gentle,  and  will  work  in  any  spot  or  place.  This  is 
a  tried  sire  and  his  colts  can  be  seen  in  this  entire 
section  of  Virginia.  Weight,  1,600.  Price.  $1,200, 
delivered  at  your  station  in  New  York,  New  Jersey. 
Pennsylvania  or  Maryland.  F.  W.  OKIE,  Proprie¬ 
tor  Piedmont  Farms,  Marshall,  Va. 

For  Sale  or  Exchange-KS 

old  JACK,  nose  and  breast  moust  color,  15bj  hands 
high;  weighs  about  950  lbs.  Will  ell  or  exchange 
for  registered  Holstein  cattle  or  registered  Shet¬ 
land  pon v  inures,  or  Percheron  stallion. 

S.  H.  ROBISON,  814  Walnut  St.,  Philadelphia. 

KENTUCKY  MAMMOTH  JACKS,  JEN¬ 
NETS  and  SADDLE  HORSES. 

We  are  the  Largest  Breeders  in  America  of  Mam¬ 
moth  Jacks.  H  ampshire  and  Tamworth  hogs.  Stock 
of  all  ages  for  sale.  J.  F.  COOK  &  CO.,  Lexington,  Ky. 


A.I 


Y  CA.TTLE 


Guernseys 


have  proven  them¬ 
selves 


.•a&r 


the  Most  Economical  V 

Producers  of  Dairy 
Products  of  the 


Highest  Quality  and  Best  Color 

The  prepotency  of  the  Guernsey  Bull  or  his 
ability  to  stamp  the  desirable  characteristics 
of  the  breed  on  bis  offspring. 

Makes  him  most  valuable  for  improving  the 
common  dairy  stock  of  any  section. 

A  Dairy  of  Grade  Guernseys  will  give  Rich, 
Fine- Flavored,  High-Colored  Milk, 
Cream  and  Butter. 

FURTHER  INFORMATION  REGARDING  THE  GRADE 
GUERNSEYS  BY  ADDRESSING 

The  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club 

Box  R  PETERBORO,  N.  H. 


ONTARIO  VAN  FRIESLAND  DE  KOL 

BULL  CALF,  three  months  old;  sire,  America 
DeKol  Burke;  dam,  Woodcrest  Van  Friesland, 
over  21  pounds.  Price,  $75  crated  f.  o.  b. 
Charlotte.  Send  for  details. 

CLOTEItWALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

C.  S.  Lunt,  Owner  John  J.  Eden,  Manager 


SWI3NTE 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  P’UI<CKS  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


LARGE  BERKSHIRES 

Sows  bred  for  spring  farrow.  August  and 
September  pigs  from  litters  averaging  ten. 

.  .  .  Catalogue  on  application  .  .  . 

WILLOUGHBY  FARM,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.  j.;;,  h,^ 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Proprietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 

>—in 

Record 

we  sold  and  registered  more  lJerksliires  than  any  oilier  breeder 
in  the  United  Slntes.  The  large  proportion  wont  to  old  ouatom. 
era.  This  speaks  lor  itself*  ll.i’.  A.  ll.lt.  llarpciiding,  Dundee,  X.  Y- 

A  BERKSHIRE  OR  DUROC  PIG  given  for  a 
il  few  hours  of  your  time.  Stamp  for  particulars. 
PENNA.  BERKSHIRE  OO.,  Fannettsburg,  Pa, 


I  ARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD- 

each  of  the  last  three  volumes  of  American  Fork 'hire  Dec 


THE  BIG,  DEEP  FELLOWS 

that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 


DUROGS 

Pies  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SliENANGO  RIVER  FARMS.  Transfer,  Pa. 

OHELD0N  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
O  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BAHNES,  Oxford,  N.  Y. 


I. WftHOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  OORTELYOU,  Somerville.  N.  J. 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEI  N-FRI  ESI  AN  ASS’N  OF  AMERICA 
F.  L.  HOUGHTON. SEC*  Y. BOX  1 05.  BRATTLEBORO.VT. 

kVo°w  ‘t°ha°t  Fern’s  Jubilee  No.  73852 

A.  J.  C.  C.,  is  one  of  the  best  "butter  bred”  bulls 
in  the  world,  investigate.  Then  order  one  of  liis 
young  sons  before  it  is  too  late.  Nothing  over  three 
months  old  on  band  at  present.  Address 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Laurel  Farm,  -:-  Hamilton,  N.Y. 

-Jersey  Bull  Calves 
you  can  afford  to 
buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  R.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Breed  Up— Not  Down 


Millr  Pr*rw1iTr>i»rc  for  New  York  City  market 
111111V  rlUUUl/Clo  desiring  information  how  to 
form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 

For  Sale:  Purebred  ANGORA  GOATS 

3  does,  1  buck,  $25.00.  GUS  BOEHM,  Meadow,  Va. 


DOGS 


nni  I  ir  PH  DC— From  imported  stock.  Females 

UuLLIC  lUrOeheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City.  Pa. 

SCOTCH  COI.LIES,  Spayed  Females,  two  to 
eight  mo8.  Circ.  SILAS  DECKER,  Montrose  Pa. 


3*3  E 


Woodland  Dorsets 

Woodland  Dorsets  have  been  sold  into  practically 
every  State  In  the  Union,  and  are  giving  satlsfae 
tion.  I  can  spare  fifty  head  of  splendid  ewes,  all 
of  them  bred  to  a  very  fine  ram. 

CHAS.  B.  WING.  Meehanlcsburg,  Ohio. 

QURnDQUIRCQ  yearling  ewes;  40 
O II FlUl  O II I nCv  yearling  rams.  Price  and 
breeding  right.  FRED  VAX  VLEET,  LODI,  N.Y. 

THUIC  SHEEP-Get  11  start  now  with  this  very 
■  wnw  wiifafcr hardy  and  money-making  breed. 

Prices  reasonable, forbotnsexes. 

J.  N.  MAC  PHERSON,  Pine  View  Farm,  Scottsviile,  N.  Y. 


ten  Belgian  and  Percheron  I  c  n 
I  DU  Stallions  and  Mares  I JU 

JUST  ARRIVED  AT  THE 

Sharon  Valley  Stock  Farm 

NEWARK,  OHIO 

These  are  an  extra  lot  and  selected  with 
the  most  care  and  skill.  They  must  be  sold 
soon,  as  Col.  Crawford  has  very  important 
business  on  hand  that  must  be  attended  to. 
Thanking  the  public  for  their  patronage  in 
the  past,  trusting  that  all  looking  for  first- 
class  stallions  and  mares  will  visit  the 
Sharon  Yr alley  Stock  Farm  at  once  and  se¬ 
cure  stock  at  the  most  reasonable  prices 
and  favorable  terms. 

COL.  G.  W.  CRAWFORD 


1011. 


THE  RURAL  NEW- VORKER 


1U9 


ACTUAL  TESTS— Most  Conclusive  Proof 

YOU  who  read  this — take  out  your  pencil  and  figure  what  it  means  to  you  in  one 
year  s  profits  We  show  the  photographic  reproduction  of  the 
report  of  one  test.  Time  for  action  is  now. 


Your  cows  wifl  cat  Dried  Beet  Pulp  as  eagerly  as 
they  gobble  up  the  tender  June  grasses,  for  it’s 
just  as  succulent,  just  as  palatable  and  just  as 
pleasing  to  their  taste.  It’s  nothing  but  the  plain 
Sugar  Beets  with  only  the  sugar  and  water 
extracted.  All  the  tender,  nutritious  tissues 
of  the  beet  are  retained.  Keeps  the  cattles* 
bowels  in  a  normal  working  condition, 
completely  toning  the  whole  system. 

Ease  off  on  the  heavy  heating  feed  and 
dry  forage — add  succulent  Dried  Beet 
Pulp  to  your  ration  and  see  the  differ¬ 
ence.  Dried  Beet  Pulp  loosens  up 
the  ration  so  that  it  is  easily  diges¬ 
ted.  It  all  comes  back  to  you 
in  the  milk  pail.  It  is  not  a 
medicine — not  a  patent  food 
or  cure-all,  not  a  mixed  feed, 
but  a  straight  natural  vege¬ 
table  so  necessary  to  keep 
cows  in  first-class  con¬ 
dition. 

Dried  Beet  Pulp  is  far 
superior  to  com  silage  as 
a  succulent  feed,  but  if 
you  now  have  silage, 
substitute  Dried  Beet 
Pulp  for  part  of  your 
silage  just  as  is 
shown  in  the  re- 
port  of  Mr. 

Twitchell,  and 
you  will  have 
better  results, 
and  your  sil¬ 
age  will 
last  long- 


One  of  the  many  reports  that  come  to  us  from  dairymen  in  the  ordinary 
course  of  business.  We  are  spending  thousands  of  dollars  to  place 
it  before  you  that  you  may  realizewhat  Dried  Beet  Pulp  can  do  for 
your  cows.  It  is  of  great  value  because  the  feed  that  was  used 
before  the  test  would  be  considered  by  most  feeders  as  A  Perfect 
Ration.  Yet,  observe  the  remarkable  increase  in  milk  production 
in  two  weeks  by  the  substitution  of  5  lbs.  of  Dried  Beet 
Pulp  for  3  lbs  of  bran  and  1  0  lbs.  of  com  silage — the 
cost  of  each  ration  being  practically  the  same. 

Milk  Production 
Increased 


you  are 
not  near  a 
local  dealer  or 
for  any  reason  your 
local  dealer  will  not  send 
for  this  trial  order  —  write  us 
direct,  we  want  you  to  purchase  a 
small  shipment  from  us  and  give  it  a  fair 
trial.  We  want  you  to  try  it  at  our  risk,  upon 
our  positive  guarantee  of  satisfaction.  And  here  we 
give  you  our  Gold  Bond  Honor  Guarantee.  We 
will  agree  that  if  after  you  feed  one  sack  your  cow  does  not 
produce  more  milk  than  she  did  before  using  it,  we  will  take 
back  from  you  the  unused  sacks  and  refund  to  you  the 
entire  purchase  price  of  all  the  sacks.  So  you  run  absolutely  no 
nsk  in  trying  this  feed  because  you  have  our  guarantee  that  you  will  be  satisfied. 

ime  for  action  is  now — This  publication  guarantees  the  honor  and  good  faith  of  its 
a  vertisera— «°  send  us  the  coupon  below  with  Ten  Dollars  [Check,  Express  or  Money 

AAm 'll!  '“‘I  ^"Pping  instruction  and  we  wiH  ship  promptly  Freight  Prepaid  between  700 
and  tJUU  lbs.  of  Dried  Beet  Pulp  {Exact  amount  varies  according  to  freight  rate  we  have  to  payl. 

Jon  t  wait — but  get  your  letter  off  today  and  start  these  extra  profits  on  your  cows  at  once. 

Territory  west  of  Mississippi,  Extreme  Southern  States  and  States  of  Michigan  and  Wisconsin  not  included. 


ers 
Every¬ 
where 

East  of  the 
M  ississippi 
River  except  in 
States  of  W iscon- 
sin  and  Michigan. 

You  are  authorized 
to  sell  to  any  dairyman 
who  will  agree  to  give 
the  feed  a  fair,  honest 
trial, one  sack  of  our  Dried 
Beet  Pulp  and  to  guarantee 
to  refund  the  purchase  price 
if  after  the  dairyman  has  fed 
it  to  one  cow  for  three  weeks 
the  cow  has  not  increased  her 
milk  production;  we  will  reimburse 
you  for  your  expenditure.  If  you 
do  not  carry  Dried  Beet  Pulp  in 
stock,  write  us  quickly  for  our  trial  offer 
of  300  lbs.  Please  mention  this  paper. 

To  Dairymen  Everywhere 

Go  to  your  dealer,  show  him  this  advertise¬ 
ment,  tell  him  you  want  to  try  a  sack  of  Dried 
Beet  Pulp  at  our  risk.  Don’t  take  “no”  for  an 
answer;  this  matter  means  too  much  for  you  in  in¬ 
creased  profits.  Here  is  our  proposition;  it 
involves  no  risk  for  you  or  the  dealer. 
W e  will  ship  your  dealer  (if  he  or  some  other  nearby 
dealer  does  not  already  carry  it  in  stock)  500  lbs. 
Dried  Beet  Pulp  so  that  you  can  try  one  sack.  If  after 
you  have  fed  it,  the  cow  you  selected  has  not  increased 
her  milk  production,  we  authorize  the  dealer  to  return 
to  you  in  full  your  purchase  price,  and  we  will  in  turn  refund 
to  the  dealer.  The  decision  in  the  matter  will  rest  entirely 
with  you ;  your  dealings  will  be  with  the  man  you  know 
and  with  whom  you  trade. 

If  you  are  not  near  a  dealer  or  your  local  dealer 
will  not  send  for  this  trial  order,  —  read  our 
offer  other  side  —  for  quicks  direct  shipment. 


COUPON— For  Quick  Delivery 

THE  LARROWE  MILLING  CO., 

620  Ford  Building,  Detroit,  Mich. 

L  herewith  enclose  Ten  Dollars  for  Trial  Shipment  of  Dried 
Beet  Pulp.  It  is  understood  that  you  will  ship,  freight  prepaid, 
•even  hundred  to  eight  hundred  pounds  (according  to  freight  rate  to 
my  station)  with  privilege  of  returning  same  and  having  entire  re¬ 
mittance  refunded  if  not  satisfactory  to  me. 


(Name). 


(Address). 
Shipping  Station. 


.J^hipj 


FREE 

BOOKLET: 

“Feeding  for 
Larger  Profits *' 

and  a  small  mail  sample  sent  to  all  inquirers. 

THE  LARROWE 
MILLING  CO. 

620  Ford  Bldg.,  Detroit,  Mich. 


Coupon-For  Quick  Information 

The  Larrowe  Milling  Co.,  620  Ford  Bldg.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

As  my  dealer  does  not  handle  Dried  Beet  Pulp,  please  write  me 
the  exact  cost  of  Dried  Beet  Pulp  delivered  to  my  station. 

My  dealer’s  name  is . 

His  address  is . 

Very  truly  your*, 

(Signed) . . . 

Address .  ^ 


no 


January  28, 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


TROUBLE  WITH  THE  CREAM. 

What  causes  long  and  difficult  churning 
when  the  temperature  of  the  cream  is  62 
and  over,  sometimes  as  high  as  68?  How 
long  should  milk  stand  in  crocks  before 
skimming,  and  what  should  be  the  tem¬ 
perature  of  place  where  milk  is  kept  in 
cold  weather?  IIow  can  a  novice  tell  what 
is  meant  by  cream  being  “too  thick"  or 
“too  thin”  for  churning?  IIow  long  a  time 
should  elapse  after  the  last  cream  is  added 
before  churning?  What  means  are  taken 
to  raise  the  temperature  of  the  cream?  Can 
you  tell  me  if  a  “starter”  is  commonly  used 
and  what  should  be  the  quantity  for,  say, 
one  gallon  of  cream?  s.  w.  m. 

If  you  cow  is  far  advanced  in  lacta¬ 
tion,  that  is  if  she  has  been  milking 
since  last  Spring  or  early  Summer,  your 
trouble  may  be  due  to  this  fact ;  but 
there  are  many  causes  which  affect  the 
churning  of  cream,  and  some  of  them 
are  pretty  hard  to  determine  and  correct. 
Probably  one  of  the  most  common 
sources  of  trouble  is  the  presence  of 
organisms,  which  may  find  their  way 
into  the  neatest  dairies,  but  which  may 
be  at  least  partially  controlled  by 
thoroughly  cleansing  and  scalding  all 
utensils  which  come  in  contact  with  the 
milk  or  cream.  For  best  results  in  rais¬ 
ing  cream  in  shallow  pans  or  crocks  the 
milk  should  be  set  immediately  after 
milking,  about  three  inches  deep,  plac¬ 
ing  pans  in  a  cool  room  where  the  tem¬ 
perature  is  60°  F.  or  less.  Skimming 
should  take  place  about  24  or  36  hours 
after  setting.  Separate  the  cream  from 
the  edge  of  the  pan  with  a  thin  bladed 
knife,  when  it  can  be  run  into  a  cream 
can,  care  being  taken  to  run  in  as  little 
milk  as  possible;  for  a  thin  cream  is 
harder  to  churn  than  a  rich  cream,  will 
sour  more  quickly  and  will  not  make  as 
good  a  quality  of  butter.  Cream  should 
be  rich  enough  so  that  10  pounds  will 
yield  at  least  three  pounds  of  butter.  It 
should  be  kept  cool  (under  60°)  until 
12  hours  before  churning,  when  it  should 
be  warmed  to  a  temperature  of  about 
70°,  in  Winter,  cooling  to  churning 
temperature  before  putting  into  the 
churn.  No  fresh  cream  should  be  added 
for  at  least  12  hours  before  churning. 
The  temperature  may  best  be  raised  or 
lowered  by  surrounding  the  cream  can 
with  warm  or  cold  water,  as  the  case 
may  be. 

The  following  conditions  require  low 
churning  temperature,  (54  to  62°)  :  Very 
rich  cream,  cream  from  the  milk  of 
fresh  cows,  cream  from  the  milk  of 
cows  receiving  succulent  food,  such  as 
silage  or  pasture;  and  cream  from 
Jerseys  and  Guernseys  can  usually  be 
churned  at  a  lower  temperature  than  that 
from  other  breeds.  This  is  due  to  the 
larger  size  of  the  fat  globules.  Condi¬ 
tions  requiring  high  churning  tempera¬ 
ture  are :  A  thin  cream,  cream  from 
cows  a  long  time  in  milk,  and  cream 
from  cows  receiving  no  succulent  food. 
It  is  generally  necessary  to  have  a  higher 
churning  temperature  during  Fall  and 
Winter  than  in  Summer.  The  ripening 
of  cream  may  be  hastened,  and  generally 
a  better  flavor  produced,  by  adding  a 
starter  (about  one-half  pint  to  the  gal¬ 
lon  of  cream)  12  hours  before  churning. 
Good  clean  flavored  buttermilk  or  skim- 
milk,  or  one  of  the  commercial  starters, 
may  be  used.  When  ready  to  churn, 
cream  should  be  thick  and  glossy  and 
should  smell  and  taste  slightly  sour.  If 
your  conditions  all  seem  to  be  right  and 
the  butter  still  fails  to  come  try  the  fol¬ 
lowing  treatment:  Twelve  hours  be¬ 
fore  churning  set  the  cream  vessel  in 
a  tub  of  hot  water  and  stir  occasionally, 
thus  raising  the  temperature  of  the 
cream  to  160°  F. ;  hold  it  there  for  20 
minutes,  then  cool  down  to  70°  F.,  add 
a  starter,  stir  occasionally  during  the 
ripening  process,  and  proceed  as  before. 

c.  s.  M. 


TWO  GOOD  COWS. 

Being  a  new  beginner  for  myself  and 
a  lover  of  the  old  cow  I  take  a  good  deal 
of  interest  in  the  opinions  in  your  paper. 
Being  encouraged  in  the  outlook  for 
farming  I  bought  a  run-down  farm  of 
80  acres  in  southern  Oneida  County, 
and  am  trying  to  start  right.  The  first 
thing  was  a  silo  and  pair  of  scales  in 
the  stable.  We  started  in  with  seven 
common  or  scrub  cows,  three  of  which 
the  scales  told  us  to  sell.  I  will .  send 
you  a  little  statement  of  what  it  cost 
us  to  produce  milk  outside  of  labor 
(we  rented  farms  in  St.  Lawrence 
County  so  long  and  worked  for  nothing 
and  boarded  ourselves,  we  don’t  value 
our  time  very  much).  The  first  cow  had 
two  calves  inside  11  months,  was  in  good 
order  and  had  no  feed  in  her  dry 
period  except  pasture.  No.  2  was 
a  longer  season  cow  and  I  have  charged 
her  with  a  full  ration  for  the  full  year. 
The  hay  may  seem  small,  but  often 
weighed  a  lock  of  seven  to  eight  pounds 
they  did  not  eat  clean,  with  40  pounds  of 
silage  and  eight  quarts  of  grain  that, 
weighed  from  to  seven  pounds  at 
a  cost  of  $34  a  ton. 

They  were  turned  out  May  1  in  fairly 
good  feed  and  a  different  ration,  six 
pounds  of  mixed  feed  at  a  cost  of  $1.40 
per  100.  The  other  freshened  in  May 
and  will  average  about  the  same  at  the 
end  of  the  year.  I  did  not  try  to  make 
any  milk  record  with  these,  only  what 
I  called  a  good  feed  for  any  cow,  and 
the  best  attention  I  knew  how,  with 
water  twice  a  day,  a  good  bed  and 
thoroughly  clean  and  comfortable  as  I 
could  make  them.  I  experimented  with 
feed  on  the  first  cow  which  cost  me 
from  $5  to  $8  on  her  income,  but  I  shall 
not  have  to  do  that  any  more ;  I  raised 
oats,  peas  and  barley,  one  peck  peas,  one- 
half  bushel  barley,  and  oats  to  make 
three  bushels  of  seed  to  the  acre,  and 
thrashed  grain  that  weighed  40  pounds 
to  the  bushel ;  mixed  four  bags  to  100 
pounds  mixed  feed,  bran,  brown  and 
white  middlings,  ground  fresh  at  our 
home  mill.  While  that  may  not  be  a 
properly  balanced  ration  it  gave  me  the 
best  results  in  milk  and  vitality  both. 

Cow  No.  1,  freshened  November  15  : 
Winter  grain  ration  12  cents  a  day. 

Summer  grain  ration  8  cents  a  day. 

Nov.  15  to  May  1.  166  days,  12c - $19.92 

May  1  to  Aug.  1,  02  days,  8c .  7.36 

Silage  and  green  fodder,  4  tons  at 

$2.50  .  10.00 

1  ton  clover  hay .  10.00 

Pasture  .  8.00 

$55.28 

Amount  milk.  1,458  lbs.;  quarts  3,729. 

Cost  to  produce  less  than  1  %  cts.  quart. 

Cow  No.  2,  fresh  January  15  : 

Jan.  116  to  May  1,  105  days,  12c - $12.60 

May  1  to  Jan.  16,  260  days,  8c .  20.80 

Silage  and  green  fodder,  4  tons,  at 

$2.50  .  10.00 

Clover  hay,  1  ton .  10.00 

Pasture  .  8.00 

$61.40 

Amount  milk  9.269  lbs.,  4,634  quarts. 

Cost  to  produce  less  than  1  1-3  cts.  quart. 

This  milk  at  station  price  at  Verona 
brought  me,  cow  No.  1,  $119.27;  No.  2, 
$142.67.  B.  b. 

Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Save  Your  Grain 


“Ruggles,  you  ought  to  go  into  the 
business  of  raising  chickens  by  hand. 
It’s  great.”  “I  believe  I  would,  Ram- 
age,  if  I  could  buy  a  good  incubator 
cheap.”  (With  eagerness)  “I’ve  got  one, 
old  chap,  I’ll  sell  you  for  a  third  of 
what  it  cost  me!” — Chicago  Tribune. 


Increase  the  bulk  of  the  corn  you  feed  one-fifth  to 
one-fourth  by  grinding  the  cobs  and  corn  together. 
Doing  this  you  not  only  get  more  feed  per  acre  of 
corn  but  you  get  a  feed  that  your  stock  will  thrive 
on  better  than  corn  meal  alone.  Experiment  sta¬ 
tions  all  over  the  country  have  proven  that  better 
gains  are  made  and  less  digestive  troubles  exper¬ 
ienced  when  animals  get  corn  and  cob  meal. 

‘flew  o/follcuid 

Feed  Mills 

—are  money  makers  for  farmers  nud  stock  owners.  They 
erind  corn  on  the  cob  or  small  grain  perfectly.  Will  grind 
coarse  for  stock  food  or  tine  as  Hour  for  table  use.  Easy  to 
• >-•'  '  1  1  run.  Use  any  kind 

of  power.  Can’t 
‘‘choke  up.”  5  sizes. 
Get  one  from  your 
dealer  on  Free 
Trial.  If  he 
hasn’t  one,  write 
us.  Wo  will  then 
supply  you  and  give 
you  "an  extended 
Free  Trial.  Send 
for  catalog  and  free  booklet. 
“  The  Right  Way  to  Feed 
Grain.”  Give* latest  facts 
by  experienced  oiock-rais- 
ers  on  feeding  hogs,  cattle, 
milk -cows,  horses,  sheep 
and  poultry. 

ill 

Hew  Hollahii  Machine  Co.,  box  41  ,  mew  holunp.pa. 


KOBEItTSON’S  CHAT  X 
II  AN  GIN  G  STAN CIIIOX S 

“l  have  used  them  for  more 
than  TWENTY  YEARS,  and  they 
have  given  the  very  Best  of  satis- 
i  faction  in  every  way,”  writes 
Justus  TI.  Cooley,  M  I).,  Plainfield 
i;  Sanitarium,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

'  Thlrtv  days’  trial, on  application 
'  O  il.  ROBERTSON 
Wash.  St.,  Forcstville,  Conn. 


AND  UPWARD 

SENT  ON  TRIAL. 
FULLY 

GUARANTEED. 


AMERICAN^ 

SEPARATOR 

A  brand  new,  well  made,  easy  running,  easily 
cleaned,  perfect  skimming  separator  for  $15.95. 

Skims  warm  or  cold  milk.  Makes  thick  or  thin 
cream.  Thousands  in  use  giving  splendid  satis¬ 
faction.  Different  from  this  picture  which  illus¬ 
trates  our  large  capacity  machines.  The  bowl 
is  a  sanitary  marvel  and  embodies  all  our  latest 
improvements.  Our  richly  illustrated  catalog 
tells  all  about  it.  Our  wonderfully  low  prices  on 
all  sizes  and  generous  terms  of  trial  will  astonish 
you.  We  sell  direct  to  user.  No  agents.  Our 
guarantee  protects  you  on  every  American  Sepa¬ 
rator.  Western  orders  filled  from  Western  points. 
Whether  your  dairy  is  large  or  small,  get  our  great 
offer  and  handsome  free  catalog.  ADDRESS, 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO., 


BOX  1075 
BAINBRIDGE,  N.  Y. 


Bryan’s  Colic  Remedy  for  Cattle, 

will  relieve  the  most  obstinate  case  of  colic  within 
one  hour.  Price  $1.25  per  bottle,  by  mail,  in  the 
United  States  or  Canada. 

BRYAN  DRUG  CO.,  Chatham,  N.  J. 


You  Can’t  CutOut 


A  BOG  SPAVIN,  PUFF  or 
THOROUGHPIN,  but 


AJ3S0RBINE 


will  clean  them  off  permanently,  and 
you  work  the  horse  same  time.  I)ocs 
not  blister  or  remove  the  hair.  Will 
tell  you  more  if  you  write.  $2.00  pet 
bottle  at  d’lers  ordcliv’d.BooktDfree. 

_  ABSORBINE,  JR.,  for  mankind. 

BBaS  $1  bottle.  Keduces  Varicose  Veins.Var- 
ieocele.  Hydrocele,  Ruptured  Muscles  or  Liga¬ 
ments.  Enlarged  Glands.  Allays  pain  quickly. 

W.  F.  YOUNG,  P.  D.  F.,  88  Temple  St.,  Springfield,  Mass. 


NEWTON’S  HEAVE 

COUCH,  DISTEMPER  |  I  E3  IT  m 
AND  IN  DIGESTION  ■  *  C. 

The  Standard  Veterinary  Remedy. 


GREEN  MOUNTAIN 

SILOS 

Three  bearings  all  around 
each  door  like  a  safe  or  re¬ 
frigerator  door.  Hoops  are 
stronger  than  others.  Staves, 
doors  and  fronts  soaked  in 
preservative  if  you  wish. 

Green  Mountain  Silos  differ 
from  other  round  silos. 

Free  catalogue  gives  details. 

Post  card  will  bring  it. 

CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MFG.  CO., 

•H8  West  Street,  Rutland,  Vt. 


O  d  Reasons 
(WD  Wiry 


Unadllla  Silos  are  f«»-  better  than  others  will 
be  mailed  you  promptly  on  receipt  of  your 
name  and  address.  UNADILLA  MLOS  have 
unobstructed,  continuous  Door  Fronts 
which  allow  you  to  shore  ensilage  out  in¬ 
stead  of  pitching  it  up  3  to  6  ft.  over  cross¬ 
bars.  It  costs  you  15  cent*  a  ton  less  to  shove 
ensilage  out  of  the  UNADILLA  SILO  than  it 
does  to  pitch  it  out  of  an  ordinary  silo.  Ad¬ 
justable  door  frame  to  and  from  doors,  mnl-J 
leable  iron  lugs  cold  rolled  over  threads  on 
end  of  steel  hoops  stronger  than  on  ordinary  hoops. 
F.xtra  discount  for  earlv  orders,  Agents  wanted. 
UNADILLA  SILO  CO.,  Box  15,  rnndilla,  N.  Y. 


m ROSS  SILO 


Makes  the  horse  sound,  stay  sound 

DEATH  TO  HEAVES  ! 

The  first  or  second  $1.00  can  cures.  The  third  can  \ 
is  guaranteed  to  cure  or  money  refunded. 

$1.00  per  can  at  dealers,  or  express  prepaid. 

THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO..  Toledo,  Ohio 

DAIRY  SUPPLIES 

We  are  headquarters  forMiilc  Bottles, 
Cans,  Caps,  Carriers,  Churns,  Drain¬ 
ers,  Pasteurizers,  Separators,  Ice 
Crushers,  etc.,  and  every  utensil  used 
by  handlers  of  milk,  cream,  butter, 
eggs,  ice  cream  or  cheese.  Best  goods, 
fair  prices,  prompt  shipments.  Satis¬ 
faction  guaranteed.  Send  us  today 
your  list  of  needs.  No  order  too  small. 
WISNER  MFG.  CO  ,  230  A  Greenwich  St..N.Y. 

Everything  For  Dairymen  Always  In  Stock 


pi 

-M 

li 

II' 

jtr 

j 

m 

111 

S 

322 

Tlio  only  thoroughly  manufactured 
Silo  on  tho  market.  Full  length  stave. 
Continuous  door  framo  complete  with 
ladder.  Triple  beveled  silo  door  with 
hinges.  Equipped  with  extra  heavy 
hoops  at  bottom. 

AIR  TIGHT 

Hakes  winter  feed  equal  to  June 
grass.  THE  KOSS  will  more  than  pay 
for  itself  in  one  season.  Write  to¬ 
day  for  catalog  which  gives  facts  that 
will  save  you  money.  Agents  wanted. 

The  E.  W.  Itoss  Co.(Est.ia50) 
Box  13  81’KINGFIELD.  OHIO 


rDii  ayiEV  r  IMPROVED 
UnUmOO  WARRINER 

STANCHION 


Prof.  F.  G.  Helyar  of 
Mt.  Herman  School,  Mt. 
Herman,  Mass.,  writes: 

“  We  could  not  get  along 

without  Warriner  Stanch¬ 
ions.” 

Send  address  for  book¬ 
let  of  information  to 


WALI, ACE  It.  CRUMB,  Box  Ml,  Forestvllle,  Conn. 


COW  COMFORT 

Means  additional  profit.  Simple, 
durable,  easily  locked.  Foster 
Steel  Stun  e  li  ions  cannot  be 
opened  by  the  cattle.  Top  and  bot¬ 
tom  chains  permit  free  head  move¬ 
ment,  standing  or  lying  down,  yet 
keep  cattle  lined  tip  and  clean. 
Write  for  new  booklet  showing 
model  stables. 

Foster  Steel  Stanchion  Co., 

906  Ins.  Bldg'.,  Rochester,  N.  Y 


Profits  Book  Free 


es  that  yon  lose  big  profits  till  you  got  a 
LausingSilo.  Head  what  Experiment  Sta¬ 
tions  say.  Head  a  bout  superior  ma¬ 
terials  we  use.  Then  you’ll 
know  why  most  eareful, money¬ 
making  farmers  have  chosen 

Lansing  Silos;' 

Made  of  Soft  Cork  Pin©  and  7  other  good 
woods.  Steel  Iloopa  and  Draw  Lugs,  Continu¬ 
ous  Doorway, with  Ladder  Front.  Many  other 
important  advantages.  Boost  your  profits.  Start 
at  once.  Mail  postal  now  for  our  book.  Addren 
Severance  Tank  &  Silo  Co., 
Dept.  329  Lansing,  Mich. 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOR 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 
GUARANTEED  MONEY-SAVING 


1*1  INTERNATIONAL 

S3 5  SILOS 

Hr 

III!,*' 


strongest  built,  simplest  to  put  up  and  easiest  operated 
on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take-up  hoop — 
continuous  open-door  front — air-tight  door  and  per¬ 
manent  ladder  are  some  of  the  unusual  features.  The 

International  Bile  113  Main  St.»  LinearilU.  Bb 


bS  excelsior  swing  stanchion 


Warranted  The  Best.  30  Days’  Triad 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  when  open 
Noiseless  Simple  Sanitary  Durable 


Tlie  Wasson 
Box  60, 


Stanchion  Co., 
Cuba,  N.  Y. 


■8  SII.0S“R01ND  BARNS 


SHOULD  BE  CONTRACTED  FOR  BtlURL  LUKIN  PLAIN  I  in<j-LAlN  btKVt 
YOUR  SELF  AND  NEIGHBORS  BY  BUNCHING  THEM  IN  CAR  LOTS  AS 

EARLY  BUYERS  SAVE  MONEY 


AS  WE  SHALL  PAY  FREIGHT  OVER  THE  ROAD  ONCE  ONLY  FROM  THE  MILL 

DIRECT  TO  YOUR  HOME  TOWN 


CATALOGUES  OF  ENSILAGE  CUTTERS 
DISTRIBUTORS  &  CATTLE  STANCHIONS 
FOR  DAIRYMEN  AND  FEEDERS 


KALAMAZOO*?] 


TANK 
LO 

CHIGAN. 


CO 


in:  i 


MILK. 

Since  January  1,  1911,  the  X.  Y.  Ex¬ 
change  price  of  milk  has  been  .$1.91  per  40- 
quart  can,  netting  four  cents  per  quart  to 
shippers  in  the  26-cent  zone. 


weight,  $6.75  to  $7  per  100;  cattle  (live), 
$4  to  $4.50  per  100  ;  veal  calves,  $4  to  $6 
per  100.  liens  aud  springs,  8  cents; 
turkeys,  18  cents ;  old  toms,  geese  and  ducks, 
10  cents;  all  above  poultry  prices  live 
weight.  H.  s.  s. 

Juniata,  Neb. 


'THE  RURAL.  NEW-YORKER 


111 


A  man  would  be  fooling  away  his  time 
peddling  milk  here  with  land  $200  per  acre ; 
he  can  raise  from  50  to  100  bushels  of 
corn  per  acre.  I  took  a  share  of  $100  in 
a  creamery  and  lost  it.  We  make  a  little 
butter  and  get  25  cents  per  pound  the  year 
round  for  it.  This  is  no  dairy  country ; 
mainly  corn,  oats,  some  wheat  and  clover." 

Franklin,  Ill.  j.  w.  s. 


Milk  mostly  sold  to  dealers  and  retailers 
by  farmers.  Pittsburg  is  our  market.  Prices 
are  -0  cents,  delivered  for  about  six  months, 
and  remainder  of  year  average  is  about  15 
cents  wholesale.  I  supply  my  own  and 
several  neighbors’  milk  direct  to  consumers, 
using  an  auto  truck,  supplying  about  250 
families.  Those  milk  customers  also  fur¬ 
nish  a  ready  market  for  all  our  farm  prod- 
nets.  p.  A.  C. 

Gibsonia,  Pa. 


They  do  not  sell  milk  in  this  loealitv  but 

wT'pnnV  1  ,!s  39  cents  at  the  ranch  and 
39%  cents  delivered  at  the  creamery  The 
price  of  milk  in  Seattle  is  20  cents  "a  gal- 
*n^L32  contR  retail.  Grain 

«o,QhJ?rf‘1*orWhcat  at  $32  $37  a  ton. 

oats,  $28  to  $35  a  ton.  Oats  will  yield 
from  75  to  110  bushels  to  the  acre.  "  Po¬ 
tatoes  do  very  well  here  also.  Price  of 
hay  from  $17  to  $20  a  ton  h  M 

Clallam  Co.,  Wash. 


-TJ™  nnrincipaJ  niarkot  iR  Mansfield,  a  city 
of  2o,000.  Some  of  the  farmers  peddle 
their  milk  in  bottles  or  open  cans  for  seven 
cents  per  quart:  By  far  the  greater  part 

or  the  supply  is  sold  through  a  pasteurizing 
plant  which  pays  SI. 70  per  100  (delivered) 
for  milk  analyzing  3%  per  cent,  butter  fat. 
This  is  retailed  at  seven  cents.  Several 
wagons  run  through  the  country  collecting 
i xt  nV, K?  making  a  small  charge,  varying 
with  distance  from  town.  w  w  n 

Mansfield,  O. 


^JhP«re  ju,  not  ,a  groat  doal  of  milking 
done  in  this  neighborhood.  What  there  is 
Is  separated  with  hand  separators  and  the 
cream  sold,  which  is  worth  from  26  to  28 

,Thf,rp  Is  a  great  deal  of  cattle 
and  hog  feeding  done  here.  Corn  is  worth 
34  cents  in  town,  and  37  to  40  cents  is 
So"!  b/.„feodors’  Oats.  27  cents;  hav, 
$8  to  $10.  Hogs  are  $8  per  100;  stock 
an«  /ro<i,ng  steers.  $4.50  to  $5.50:  fat  cat¬ 
tle,  $(>  to  $7  per  100.  Horses  arp  very  high  ; 

ones,  $150  to  $300.  Land.  $150  to 
$200  per  acre.  h  e  h 

Dysart,  la. 


Most  of  the  milk  is  hauled  to  local 
creameries,  one  at  Fosters.  O..  the  other 
two  at  Loveland.  The  prices  from  the 
Froneh-Bauer  Co.  are  SI  .60  per  100  for 
four  per  cent  milk  to  $2  for  five  per  cent 
milk.  People  dissatisfied  with  their  tests. 
Th is  price  is  September  1-May  1.  Model 
Hairy  Co.  at  Loveland  pays  14  cents  a  gal¬ 
lon  for  four  months,  to  15  cents  per  gallon 
for  four  per  cent  milk  for  eight  months. 
The  remainder  of  the  milk  is  made  into 
butter,  sells  at  25  to  30  cents,  according  to 
season.  Poultry  raising  not  carried  on 
very  extensively.  p.  B.  c 

Loveland,  O. 


On  page  46  T  notice  an  account  of  a 
couple  of  Mr.  Cloud’s  cows.  T  also  have 
one  cow  T  am  proud  of  and  which  heats 
Mr.  Cloud's  a  little.  This  cow  dropped 
her  calf,  so  T  began  saving  her  milk 
March  9,  1910.  From  then  until  July  16 
she  gave  5,595  pounds  of  milk  besides  what 
was  used  in  the  family,  for  this  was  the 
only  cow  T  had.  Since  that  time  T  have 
had  two  cows  and  T  cannot  give  the  exact 
figures,  hut  by  weighing  her  milk  sepa¬ 
rately  at  times  and  averaging  it  for  the 
month  of  course  I  can  tell  within  a  very 
few  pounds.  From  July  16  to  January  16 
no  /I188  £'ven  3.791  pounds,  or  a  total  of 
9,386  pounds,  which  is  safe  to  say  is  cor¬ 
rect  for  the  season  as  T  am  still'  milking 
this  cow  once  a  day  and  getting  a  fair 
mess  which  we  will  make  the  above  state¬ 
ment  a  present  of.  You  will  note  Mr. 
v*°u<3  received  for  his  milk  a  fraction  over 
$1,57  2-3  per  100  pounds,  which  brought 
him  more  money  than  T  received,  for  at  no 
time  did  T  receive  more  than  $1.55  per  100 
pounds  and  that  only  one  month,  conse¬ 
quently  my  returns  were  $124.89.  and 
$1T5  received  for  the  calf  when  dropped, 
$126.64.  Had  I  received  for  my  milk  an 
average  of  $1.57  2-3  it  would  have  netted 
me  nearly  as  much  as  Mr.  Cloud  with  his 
$.>  calf  thrown  in,  or  $147.98  my  returns. 
■I  congratulate  all  who  have  as  good  cows 
or  better  than  any  of  these,  and  let  me  sus¬ 
tain  Mr.  Cloud's  opinion  ;  it  does  not  pay 
to  keep  poor  cows.  t,.  v.  n.  »c. 

Tioga  Co.,  N.  Y. 


In  the  small  villages  there  is  very  little 
milk  sold,  as  quite  a  number  keep  a  cow 
for  family  use.  What  is  sold,  usuallv 
sells  for  five  cents  per  quart.  At  Hastings’, 
which  has  a  population  of  about  12.000, 
and  Is  the  nearest  large  town,  it  sells  for 
from  five  to  10  cents.  It  is  peddled  by 
dairymen,  who  live  close  to  town,  and  as 
far  as  I  know,  sell  their  own  milk,  without 
purchasing  from  others.  They  sell  at  six 
cents  or  seven  cents  retail,  and  five  cents 
when  larger  quantities  are  taken.  Two  of 
the  large  dairymen  have  recently  sold  their 
herds  and  discontinued  and  gone  to  general 
fanning.  A  new  enterprise  has  recently 
been  launched,  selling  milk  at  several  of 
tn<'  grocery  stores  at  eight  cents  a  quart. 
It  is  called  certified  and  is  bottled.  I  un¬ 
derstand  it  is  purchased  from  farmers  and 
It  Is  the  intention  of  the  promoters,  if  suf- 
!  *rado  can  he  worked  up,  to  ship 
milk  in  on  the  train  from  nearby  points, 
purchasing  from  the  farmers.  I  have  not 
learned  what  they  pay.  One  man  said  he 
Paid  10  cents  a  quart  for  milk  from  cows 
tested  for  tuberculosis.  So  you  see  there 
Is  quite  a  wide  range  of  prices,  without 
anv  apparent  organization.  There  is  eon- 
slderable  cream  sold  all  through  this  part 
of  the  country.  Price  varies,  now  about 
30  cents  I  believe.  Butter,  25  cents  to 
cehts.  Hay  unusually  high  here.  Both 
Alfalfa  and  prairie  hay  selling  in  town 
to  $15  per  ton.  Bran,  $1.  per 
100;  wheat,  80  cents  a  bushel,  corn,  33  to 
3o  cents;  oats,  25  cents;  these  are  prices 
paid  farmers  at  elevators.  Hogs,  live 


RAISING  DAIRY  COLTS. 

I  have  been  thinking  lately  about  the 
cheap  farms  that  are  for  sale,  how  they 
could  be  made  to  pay ;  I  mean  those  that 
are  a  long  way  from  market.  First  buy 
a  cheap  farm  and  buy  a  good  span  of 
mares  to  do  your  work  and  raise  two  colts 
every  year;  keep  10-  cows  and  a  good  bull 
of  any  breed  you  like  ;  best  have  the  cows 
come  fresh  in  February  or  March.  Let 
calves  suck  them  until  May  *  they  can  be 
weaned  then.  Go  to  some  milk  producers 
and  buy  all  the  heifer  calves  you  can  get 
and  put  two  calves  on  each  cow  all  Sum¬ 
mer.  The  calves  can  be  bought  for  one 
or  two  dollars  each.  The  calves  will  very 
soon  learn  to  help  themselves  and  be  fine 
by  Fall.  Now  you  have  40  head  to  winter; 
suppose  you  continue  this  for  two  or  three 
years.  Ho  you  think  it  can  he  done?  At 
the  present  price  of  cows  it  will  pay  bet¬ 
ter  than  producing  milk.  Soon  as  land  is 
in  good  condition  you  can  keep  sows  and 
raise  pigs.  A  man  must  have  some  side 
line  for  a  few  years.  Let  me  know  what 
you  think  of  the  plan.  d.  f: 

Meriden,  Conn. 

R.  N.-Y. — Has  any  reader  tried  such  a 
plan  7 


Heifers  with  Cough. 

What  is  the  matter  with  two  of  my  young 
heifers  that  have  had  a  very  bad  cough 
since  early  Spring?  One  is  two  years  old, 
and  the  other  three  years  old.  What  can 
I  do  for  them?  j.  r.  k. 

New  York. 

Cough  is  merely  a  s.vmpton  of  irritation 
due  to  any  one  of  a  large  number  of  dif¬ 
ferent  causes.  Without  an  examination  it 
would  he  impossible  for  us  to  say  which 
cause  is  present  in  the  case  of  your  cows. 
In  cattle  tuberculosis  is  to  he"  suspected 
when  cough  proves  chronic,  and  we  therefore 
advise  you  to  have  them  tested  with  tuber¬ 
culin.  This  test  will  determine  definitely 
inside  of  24  hours,  after  injecting  the 
tuberculin,  whether  the  disease  is  or  is  not 
present.  a.  s.  a. 


HOLD  YOUR  MONEY! 
RISK  NOTHING! 

Our  local  representative  in  your  town  will  put  a 

SHARPLES 

Dairy  Tubular 
Cream  Separator 

into  your  own  home,  for  thorough,  free  trial, 
without  one  cent  of  expense  to  you  for  freight 
or  anything  else. 

Later  than,  different  from,  superior  to  all  others. 

kNo  disks  orothercontraptions. 
Wears  a  lifetime,  washes 
many  times  easier,  pro¬ 
duces  twice  the  skimming 
force,  skims  faster  and 
twice  as  clean  as  others. 

When  you  can  try  The 
World’s  'Best  without 
cost,  why  take  risk,  pay 
freight  or  waste  time  on 
any  "mail  order” 
or  other  (so 
called)  cheap  machine  ? 

A  Tubular  is  cheap,  because 
it  lasts  a  lifetime,  and  is  guar¬ 
anteed  forever  by  America’s 
oldest  and  the  world's  biggest 
cream  separator  concern.  But 
^inferior  machines  are  very  ex¬ 
pensive,  because  they  last 
only  about  one  year  on 
the  .average. 

You  can  own  and  use  a 
Sharpies  Dairy  Tubular 
cheaper  than  any  other  sepa¬ 
rator  built. 


I  Write  for 
1911  catalog 
[  No.  153,  and 
prove  it  for 
yourself 
without  risk¬ 
ing  one  cent. 

THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO. 

WEST  OIIESTEK,  I* A. 

Chicago.  III.,  San  Frnnclsco.  Cal.,  Portlnnd,  Ora. 
Toronto,  Can.  Winnipeg,  Can. 


30 

Wr,s 


DR  HESS  DIP 

and  Disinfectant 

is  an  indispensable  necessity  to  ■ 
every  live  stock  owner. 

Farmers  and  stockmen  suffer, 
through  lice  and  parasites,  the  appal¬ 
ling  annual  loss  of  nearly  $200,000,000 
—a  sum  which  could  be  saved  and 
added  to  the  grand  aggregate  of  “farm 
prosperity  "  if  Dr.  Hess  Dip  and  Disin¬ 
fectant  were  used  the  country  over. 

Dealers,  everywhere,  handle  this 
preparation.  It  is  easily  prepared  — 
easily  applied.  It  meets  the  govern¬ 
ment  requirement  for  official  dipping  for 
sheep  scab.  Use  it  for  lice,  fleas,  sheep 
ticks,  sheep  scab,  foot  rot,  mange,  hog 
cholera  and  every  form  of  germ  or 
parasitic  disease.  Cleanses  and  pur¬ 
ines  pens  and  stables.  Send  for  our 
free  Dip  Book. 

One  gallon  makes  50  to  100  gal¬ 
lons  of  solution  ready  for  use. 

DR.  HESS  &  CLARK,  Ashland,  Ohio 


WHY 


The  Bowker  Grand  Prize 
of  $500  was  awarded  to  a 
Crop  of  127  Bushels  Yel- 
low  Flint  over  one  of  133 
Bushels  White  Dent  at 
the  New  England  Corn  Show  at  Worcester,  Mass. 


!^~  Because  of  Greater  Food  Value 


The  Protein,  Fat,  Sugar,  etc.,  contained  in  the  crop 
of  127  bushels  yellow  liint  (equal  to  103 
bushels  crib-dry  shelled  corn)  grown  by 
Perley  E.  Davis,  Granby,  Mass.,  was  . 

The  Protein,  Fat,  Sugar,  etc.,  contained  in  the  crop 
of  133  bushels  white  dent  (equal  to  83 
bushels  crib-dry  shelled  corn)  was 

Difference  in  food  value  in  favor  of  Flint  Crop 


4934  Lbs. 


4102  Lbs. 

832  Lbs. 


According-  to  feeding:  values  approved  by  Dr.  J.  B.  Lindsey, 
MassacTiusetts  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  the  Davis 
crop  fed  for  beef  and  the  averagfe  amount  assimilated  would 
produce  .  .  .  .  H55  lbs.  of  beef. 

While  the  Dent  crop  would  yield  .  951  “  “ 

Prof.  R.  M.  Washburn,  Vermont  Experiment  Station  has 
figured  out  that  if  the  Davis  crop  was  fed  for  milk,  it  would 
produce  .  .  .  13,051  lbs.  of  milk, 

and  the  Dent  crop  .  .  .  10,746 


(4  4  4 


This  contest  shows  that  the  Stockbridge  Corn  Manure  produces  not  only  a  large  amount 
of  corn  per  acre, but  with  the  right  kind  of  seed,  a  corn  rich  in  food  constituents. 

Use  Stockbridge  and  Get 
Greatest  Food  Value  From  Your  Land 

Send  today  for  full  particulars  concerning  next  year’s  prizes.  Also  for  our  new 
Stockbridge  Catalogue  and  Book  of  the  Corn  Contest,  mailed  free. 

J  JA \¥ ]{FD  Fertilizer  Company, 

▼  ▼  AVJLJX1/43  Chatham  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 


112 


January  28, 


HOW  TO  FEED  CORN  FODDER. 

I  have  been  interested  in  the  discussion 
on  corn  raising,  and  would  like  to  get  some 
information  on  methods  of  curing, storing  and 
feeding  the  corn  fodder.  I  fill  two  silos,  and 
have  10  or  12  acres  of  corn  left  over  that 
I  husk  and  feed  the  stalks  whole  once  a 
day.  The  cows  waste  more  than  one-half 
as  they  only  eat  the  leaves.  As  my  hay 
crop  is  small  I  want  to  use  this  dry  stovei 
to  the  best  advantage.  Is  a  corn  busker 
and  shredder  a  practical  machine  for  a 
small  farmer  to  use?  Will  the  shredded 
dry  corn  in  large  quantities  keep  well  in 
a  barn  mow  or  silo?  Does  the  husker  com¬ 
pletely  remove  the  husk  or  just  pull  off  the 
outside?  o.  s.  b. 

Bristol  Co.,  Mass. 

We  feed  our  fodder  dry — mostly  to 
horses.  We  grew  a  variety  of  flint 
which  makes  a  slender  stalk  with  many 
leaves  and  suckers.  This  corn  stands 
until  well  ripened,  and  is  then  cut  in 
small  shocks  and  left  in  the  held  until 
November.  We  have  learned  that  the 
best  way  to  get  value  out  of  corn  fodder 
is  to  begin  feeding  it  early.  Many  farm¬ 
ers  hold  it  too  long  until  it  is  dry  and 
hard.  Our  flint  can  be  husked  in  Oc¬ 
tober,  and  we  begin  feeding  at  once, 
hauling  in  small  loads  as  needed.  The 
horses  eat  the  entire  stalks,  leaving  lit¬ 
tle  if  any.  We  formerly  raised,  a  large 
dent  corn  which  made  large,  tough 
stalks.  Of  these  the  horses  ate  off  the 
tops  and  leaves  and  left  the  butts.  We 
then  ran  the  stalks  through  a  shredder 
which  tore  them  up  into  long,  soft  strips. 
If  this  shredded  fodder  is  sprinkled  with 
waste  molasses  in  water  the  stock  eat 
all  but  the  tougher  parts  and  pith.  In 
New  England  we  would  not  raise  dent 
corn  for  fodder.  The  machines  for 
husking  and  shredding  in  one  operation 
give  fair  satisfaction.  It  is  doubtful  if 
such  a  machine  would  pay  for  handling 
12  acres  of  corn.  We  would  like  to  have 
experienced  readers  answer  that  part  of 
the  question. 


SPRING  PASTURE  FOR  PIGS. 

What  shall  I  sow  next  Spring  for  green 
feed  for  shotes  weighing  about  100  pounds, 
and  what  should  be  fed  in  connection  to 
form  a  balanced  ration?  The  porkers  are 
to  be  sold  about  August.  l.  d.  c. 

Erie  Co.,  Pa. 

The  earliest  green  forage  can  be  had 
by  sowing  Winter  or  Fall  rye,  as  soon 
as  the  land  can  be  plowed,  and  put  in 
first  class  order  for  seeding,  sowing  not 
less  than  ll/2  bushels  per  acre.  Two 
bushels  will  do  better.  If  clover  is  de¬ 
sired  sow  clover  seed  at  same  time,  15 
pounds  per  acre.  If  the  land  can  be  put 
in  order,  this  sowing  can  be  done  in 
March.  But  it  may  be  better  to  do  it 
the  first  half  of  April.  Sown  on  this 
farm  one  time  in  April,  the  rye  made 
pasture  for  pigs  in  a  fortnight.  The 
clover  came  on  very  rapidly.  But  little 
of  the  rye  sown  at  this  time  will  head 
out.  At  the  last  of  June  or  early  in 
July  it  will  all  die.  If  the  land  has 
been  sown  to  clover  and  the  weather  is 
moist  the  clover  will  come  on  very  rap¬ 
idly.  This  rye  plan  will  not  give  pasture 
as  long  as  the  reader  wants  it  for  this 
lot  of  shotes.  To  fill  up  the  gap  rape 
can  be  sown  as  soon  as  danger  of  frost 
is  past,  sowing  five  pounds  of  seed  per 
acre,  broadcast,  and  covering  lightly  with 
a  harrow,  using  Dwarf  Essex  rape. 

The  rape  will  be  ready  for  pasture  in 
five  or  six  weeks,  and  should  not  be 
turned  on  till  it  is  eight  or  ten  inches 
high.  It  may  be  best  to  make  two  sow¬ 
ings  of  the  rape  about  two  weeks  apart. 
By  the  time  one  piece  is  eaten  off  the 
other  will  be  ready.  Then  if  the  first 
plot  has '  not  been  grazed  too  close  it 
will  make  a  second  grazing  after  the 
second  plot  is  fed  off.  •  The  richer  the 
land  the  heavier  the  growth  that  can  be 
expected  from  these  crops.  Rape  is  a 
very  gross  feeder,  and  will  respond  in 
a  wonderful  degree  to  a  heavy  applica¬ 
tion  of  manure  put  on  before  the  land 
is  plowed.  The  best  grain  I  know  to 
feed  these  pigs,  with  an  abundance  of 
rye  and  rape,  is  corn.  For  one-half  the 
feeding  period  use  about  one-half  the 
corn'  the  pigs  or  shotes  will  eat.  The 


Seven 

State 

Tests 


THE  RURAL  NEW -YORKER 

latter  half  of  the  feeding  period  feed 
full  ration  of  ear  corn.  Soaking  the 
corn  will  be  profitable  if  arrangements 
are  convenient.  If  it  is  thought  that 
protein  is  needed  use  tankage,  scattered 
thinly  over  a  flat-bottomed  trough,  the 
trough  placed  under  shelter,  where  it 
will  always  be  dry,  keeping  the  bottom 
always  covered  with  tankage,  letting  the 
pigs  balance  the  ration.  This  is  a  safe 
way  and  cuts  out  all  labor  possible.  If 
clover  makes  a  good  start  in  the  rye  and 
the  hogs  can  have  the  run  of  it  there 
will  be  no  need  of  buying  protein. 

JOHN  M.  JAMISON. 

Ross  Co.,  Ohio. 

“I  think  I’ll  send  a  ton  of  coal  to 
every  widow  in  the  district.  How  is  that 
for  a  scheme?”  ‘  Purty  fair.  But  what 
if  the  other  candidate  sends  coal  to  them 
as  ain’t  widows  as  yet?  They  control 
the  votes.” — Louisville  Courier-Journal. 

‘‘Do  you  believe  in  making  a  genuflec¬ 
tion  before  you  enter  your  pew?”  asked 
Mrs.  Oldcastle.  “Mercy,  no!”  replied 
her  hostess,  as  she  flecked  a  bit  of  dust 
from  the  $2,000  grand  piano,  “if  I  have 
genuflections  to  make  about  people,  I 
always  do  it  outside  of  church.” — Chi¬ 
cago  Record-Herald. 


S. 


During  1909 
and 

1910 


of  Sherwin-Williams  Linseed  Meal 


Crude  Protein 


Crude  Fat 


found 

guaranteed 

found 

guaranteed 

Ohio,  1909 

33.69 

33.00 

15.29 

6.00 

Pennsylvania,  1909 

35.81 

33.00 

8.97 

6.00 

Pennsylvania,  1909 

36.38 

33.00 

8.90 

6.00 

Pennsylvania,  1910 

36.75 

33.00 

6.70 

6.00 

Indiana,  1909 

35.07 

33.00 

9.00 

6.00 

Indiana,  1910 

36.20 

33.00 

7.40 

6.00 

New  York,  1910 

35.06 

33.00 

12.10 

6.00 

The  care  with  which  S-W  Oil  Cake  is  prepared  and  its  absolute  purity  are  the  rea¬ 
sons  for  this  splendid  record  of  uniform  high  feeding  value.  Its  excellent  efficiency  as 
a  fattener,  milk  producer  and  conditioner  for  all  kinds  of  livestock,  ha*  established  it 
in  permanent  use  among  many  of 

the  leading  dairymen  and  stockmen  <  address: 

in  this  country  and  abroad. 


A  valuable  58-page  booklet,  on 
Correct  Feeding,  Free  on  request 


loss 


The  Sherwin-Williams  Co. 

LINSEED  OIL  DEPARTMENT 
668  CANAL  ROAD,  CLEVELAND,  O. 


THE  PLANT  FOOD  PROBLEM  SOLVED 

BY  USERS  OF 


Bradley’s  Fertilizers 

“The  World’s  Best  By  Every  Test” 


Sometimes  farmers  say  they  cannot  afford  to  use  as  much 
as  1000  lbs.  of  fertilizer  per  acre,  yet  many  farmers  have 
proved  that  as  much  or  more  is  very  profitable  to  them. 
How  much  to  use  is  a  problem  every  one  must  work  out 
for  himself.  Our  most  successful  customers  say  they  find 
as  they  have  increased  from  year  to  year  the  amount  of 
fertilizer  used,  the  easier  it  has  been  to  pay  for  it.  This  is 
the  way  they  express  the  greater  profit  derived  from  using 
1500  to  2000  lbs.  per  acre  instead  of  a  smaller  quantity  on 
their  market  crops. 

Many  of  them  use  a  ton  to  the  acre  of  Bradley’s  High  Grade 
Fertilizer  and  find  that  it  pays  in  the  crop  marketed  and  in  the  up¬ 
keep  or  improvement  of  the  land  for  succeeding  crops.  You  cannot 
tell  without  experimenting  how  much  fertilizer  will  pay  you  best.  •  If 
you  have  not  already  solved  this  problem,  begin  next  season  and  use 

Bradley’s  Fertilizers 

Our  local  agents  have  a  new  descriptive  booklet  and 
calendar  for  1911  for  you.  If  we  have  no  agent  near  you 
write  us  today  for  our  agency  proposition.  Address  Depart¬ 
ment  M 

BRADLEY  FERTILIZER  WORKS 

OF  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURAL  CHEMICAL  CO. 


92  State  St., 
Boston. 


2  Rector  St., 
New  York. 


P.  0.  Drawer  970, 
Buffalo. 


Rose  Building, 
Cleveland. 


Gincinnati  Office,  1204  Second  National  Bank  Building. 


1911. 


113 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE 

Receipts  of  grain  at  elevators  at  Buf¬ 
falo,  N.  Y.,  during  1910  amounted  to 
78,507,100  bushels.  The  total  amount  in 
transit  reported  by  the  lake  weighmas- 
ter  was  102,564,000  bushels. 

About  70,000  tons  of  raw  rubber  are 
produced  annually.  More  than  half 
comes  from  South  America,  one- fourth 
from  Africa,  and  the  remainder  from 
Mexico,  Central  America  and  various 
tropical  islands.  The  United  States  is 
said  to  be  the  largest  consumer  of  rub¬ 
ber. 

Adulterated  Sole  Leather. — Many 
people  wonder  why  the  soles  of  shoes, 
which  appear  substantial  when  bought, 
wear  so  poorly.  Perhaps  the  various 
soluble  substances  used  in  stuffing  sole 
leather  may  account  for  this  lack  of  dur¬ 
ability.  Some  of  these  adulterants  are 
glucose  and  heavy  earths,  which  may  be 
worked  into  the  pores  of  leather,  add¬ 
ing  somewhat  to  its  bulk  and  very  much 
to  its  weight. 

Food  Speculators,  with  large  storage 
holdings  of  butter,  eggs  and  poultry,  are 
having  their  own  troubles.  Many  of 
these  men  are  working  with  capital  bor¬ 
rowed  from  banks,  which  are  now  push¬ 
ing  them  for  payment.  This,  combined 
with  the  large  crops  of  last  year,  the 
comparatively  open  Winter  thus  far,  and 
the  forced  economy  of  consumers,  makes 
the  storage  outlook  bad.  There  is  no 
doubt  that  efforts  will  be  made  to  work 
many  of  these  stored  goods  out  into 
trade  channels  as  rapidly  as  possible. 
This  may  result  in  decidedly  lower 
prices  to  the  consumer,  though  he  need 
be  in  no  hurry  about  finding  places  to 
invest  his  extra  savings,  as  these  first¬ 
hand  declines  in  food  prices  have  a  way 
of  shrinking  before  reaching  the  con¬ 
sumer.  In  the  face  of  a  falling  market 
some  food  speculators,  who  feel  that 
they  are  in  a  strongly  controlling  posi¬ 
tion  with  regard  to  any  item  of  food,  do 
careful  figuring  on  the  relative  profit  in 
throwing  the  goods  on  the  market  and 
taking  the  necessarily  low  price,  or  hold¬ 
ing  them  until  the  proportion  of  spoilage 
is  so  large  as  to  do  away  with  the  sur¬ 
plus  and  thus  prevent  the  drop  in  price. 
Cold-blooded  as  this  attitude  is,  it  is 
frankly  admitted  by  those  in  the  business. 
Fortunately  for  consumers  of  food,  such 
plans  often  fail  to  work  out  as  figured, 
usually  because  the  would-be  monopo¬ 
lizer  of  foods  has  incorrectly  estimated 
his  strength.  Unexpected  offerings  of 
his  line  of  goods  are  thrown  on  the 
market  at  just  the  wrong  time — for  him. 
Or  demand,  that  unaccountably  fickle 
feature  of  large  markets,  may  slacken. 
Whatever  the  cause  the  speculator  in 
such  a  situation  has  use  for  large 
amounts  of  the  brand  of  philosophy 
needed  by  the  man  who  runs  for  office 
with  fair  prospects  of  success,  but  is 


defeated.  He  realizes  then  that  the  sit¬ 
uation  which  he  thought  in  his  grasp 
was  really  in  the  hands  of  the  “com¬ 
mon  people,”  who  have  a  way  of  com¬ 
ing  to  the  front  when  the  need  arises. 

The  storage  of  foods  should  be  sub¬ 
ject  to  as  thorough  regulation  as  rail¬ 
roads  or  any  public  utilities.  Full  re¬ 
ports  of  the  quantities  of  food  stuffs  in 
storage  should  be  made  public  fre¬ 
quently.  This  would  injure  no  branch 
of  trade  that  is  not  now  an  acknowl¬ 
edged  detriment  to  public  welfare.  Do 
away  with  secret  storage  and  the  type 
of  speculation  it  fosters,  and  the  most 
dangerous  element  of  the  food  situa¬ 
tion  will  be  removed.  w.  w.  h. 

HENS  VS.  COWS. 

Mr.  Dougan  Talks  Business. 

On  page  46,  J.  Allen  Cloud  tells  of  his 
cows,  and  from  the  statement  he  makes, 
I  understand  that  he  has  two  really  good 
ones.  As  for  the  others,  they  are  com¬ 
mon,  as  a  $60  cow  is  not  much.  When 
he  speaks  of  hens,  he  evidently  thinks 
I  would  use  the  nine-dollar  hens,  but  I 
would  do  just  as  he  would  with  the  cows, 
pick  the  one  wanted.  As  I  did  not 
say  any  two  cows,  I  will  tell  what  I  will 
do.  I  will  pit  10  hens  and  two  roosters 
against  either  of  his  two  best  cows  for 
12  months,  the  winner  to  take  all.  If  he 
wins,  he  takes  the  10  hens  and  two 
cocks,  and  if  I  win,  I  am  to  have  his 
cow,  that  is,  the  one  I  compete  with. 
Of  course  he  will  think  that  offer  like 
me,  betting  $5  against  his  $100,  but  I 
think  the  offer  not  unreasonable,  as  I 
will  choose  hens  from  my  present  flock, 
of  which  I  have  been  offered,  and  re¬ 
fused  to  sell,  four  pullets  and  cockerel, 
for  $75.  Besides  that,  if  the  10  hens  can 
bring  in  more  revenue  than  the  cow, 
they  must  be  worth  more  as  an  invest¬ 
ment.  I  am  perfectly  willing  you  and 
others  may  think  me  anxious  to  give 
Mr.  Cloud  some  nice  poultry.  As  Mr. 
Cloud  was  so  kind  as  to  tell  the  income 
from  his  best  cows,  I  will  reciprocate 
for  his  benefit;  I  will  tell  what  I  expect, 
and  that  is,  that  the  poorest  hen  will  give 
me  36  chicks  beside  nine  dozen  eggs  for 
sale.  That  has  been  done  by  members 
of  this  family,  and  can  be  repeated 
easily.  The  chicks  sold  for  40  cents 
each,  and  the  eggs  at  25  cents  per 
dozen.  But  I  hold  contracts  for  enough 
eggs  at  twice  that  price  to  take  all  I 
can  raise.  You  are  welcome  to  the 
poultry,  but  also  remember  that  I  need 
a  good  cow  quite  badly.  In  answer  to 
J.  P.  S.,  I  can  only  say  that  as  far  into 
antiquity  as  we  are  able  to  trace  our 
family  tree,  we  find  neither  root  nor 
branch  approaching  insanity.  You  are 
at  liberty  to  publish  this  or  not,  just  as 
you  choose,  but  I  mean  every  word  writ¬ 
ten.  W.  J.  DOUGAN. 

New  Jersey. 


READ  THIS  VERY  CAREFULLY.  IT  MAY  SAVE  YOU  MONEY 
AND  A  LOT  OF  COSTLY  SEPARATOR  EXPERIENCE. 


How  to 
Choose 
a  Cream 
Separator 

HERE  IS  THE  STANDARD  BY  WHICH  THE  EFFICI¬ 
ENCY  OF  A  CREAM  SEPARATOR  SHOULD  BE  TESTED: 

It  Should  Skim  Cool  Milk. 

It’s  much  harder  to  skim  milk  at  65  to  70  degrees 
than  milk  at  85  or  90.  Some  machines  that  will  do  fail- 
work  with  milk  at  90  degrees  will  get  all  clogged  up 
with  milk  at  70.  Remember  that  lots  of  times  in  the 
winter  your  milk  will  be  nearer  65  than  85. 

It  should  produce  heavy  or  thin  cream  as  desired.  < 

Whether  you  are  churning  your  own  cream,  selling  it 
to  a  local  creamery,  or  shipping  it  to  some  distant  point, 
it  is  desirable  to  produce  a  very  thick  cream.  Thick 
cream  churns  easier,  is  less  liable  to  spoil,  and  has  less 
bulk.  It  pays  to  make  thick  cream,  but  to  do  this  the 
machine  must  be  mechanically  perfect.  A  poorly  or 
cheaply  constructed  separator  cannot  be  adjusted  to 
secure  the  desired  results. 


It  should  separate  its  full  rated  capacity. 

All  cream  separators  are  rated  upon  the  basis  of  their 
capacity  for  one  hour.  The  DE  LAVAL  is  the  only 
machine  made  that  will,  under  all  conditions,  separate 
its  rated  capacity  for  one  full  hour,  aud  at  the  same 
time  skim  clean  and  produce  cream  of  uniform  quality. 

in  addition  to  the  alxive  a  cream  separator  should  be 
simple  in  construction,  durable,  easy  to  operate  and 
easy  to  clean. 

The  DE  LAVAL  meets  all  these  requirements. 

We  don’t  know  of  any  other  separator  that  does.  If 
any  one  representing  any  other  separator  comes  to  you 
with  a  lot  of  claims  make  them  prove  up  to  this  test. 
•Your  creamery  man  or  your  state  experiment  station  will 
tell  you  that  it’s  a  fair  test. 

We  know  that  the  DE  LAVAL  will  give  you  better 
service  and  last  longer  than  any  other  cream  separator 
on  the  market,  and  we  stand  ready  to  prove  it  at  all 
times  and  against  all  comers. 

V  hy  not  write  today  for  catalog  and  prices  ? 


THE  DE  LAVAL 


SEPARATOR  C 


IBS-167  Broadway 
NEW  YORK 


I7B-I77  William  Streot 
MONTREAL 


42  E.  Madison  Street 
CHICAGO 


14  A  IS  Princess  Street 
WINNIPEG 


OMPANY 

Drumm  St  Sacramento  Sts. 
SAN  FRANCISCO 


I0J6  Western  Avenue 
SEATTLE 


[OICE  VIRGINIA  FARMS 

Alone  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railway  as  low  as  $15.00  par  acre.  Rich 

mild  winters,  nearby  eastern  markets.  Exceptional  Fruit  Growing  Possi- 

TOfcVW  bilitles.  Write  for  illustrated  booklet  of  farms  for  sale  "COUN- 

TRY  LIFE  IN  VIRGINIA”  (100  pages)  and  low  excursion  rates 
^Jhi  ADDRESS  T.  C  It  AWI a  I7Y,  Industrial  Act. 

MOtiUy  c.  So  O.  RY.,  Box  Z  RICHMOND.  VA. 


IN 
14 
COLORS 


r  HAH- 
HORSE 
IN  THE 
WORLD 


HADING 

2:10 

SIRE 


FREE 


£  BEAUTIFUL  PAINTING  tt  DAN  PATCH  1:55 

"Siiisiss  aa.is j 

YOU  THATm^A^lfATnR  from  life  AND  I  WANT  TO  ASSURE 

^^Ll  jLxia.x  II  lo  Ao  NATURAL  AND  LIFE  LIKE  AS  IF  DAN  STOOD  RIGHT  "RifF'OP i?  vatt 

ni>«nv  COLORS  PICTURE  OF  DAN’S  HEAD  THAT  I  WILL  SEND  YOU  IS  PRINTED  ONEXTRA 
?^^^^E^xPA?ERr,ABS0LUTELY  FREE  OFADVERTISING AND  WILL BE  MAILED  S 
AGE  PrEPAID,  IN  A  SPECIAL  MAILING  TUBE  SO  THAT  IT  WILL  REACH  YOU  IN  PFRFFUT  PONT. 

mrI(OB  x7i?cLEFT  K  A  greATLY  REDUCED  ONE  COLOR,  PHOTO  ENGRAV¬ 

ING  OP  THE  SPLENDID  14  COLORS  16  BY  22  PICTURE  YOU  WILL  RECEIVE 

THIS  IS  AN  ELEGANT  PICTURE  FOR  FRAMING  TO  HANG  IN  THE  FINEST  HOME  OR  OFFICE. 

AND  PERFECT  COLORED  REPRODUCTION  OF  THE  FINEST  PAINTING 
EVER  ^A®E  OF  THE  SENSATIONAL  AND  WORLD  FAMOUS  CHAMPION  STALLION,  DAN  PATCH 
ST  A  THAT  1  HAD  IT  REPRODUCED  IN  A  BEAUTIFUL 

FOR^nTT  COUNTRY  HOME.  THIS  PICTURE  WILL  BE  A  PLEASURE 

ANnm?n?vLA°mp  BECAUSE  IT  SHOWS  DAN’S  TRUE  EXPRESSION  OF  KINDNESS 

AND  HIS  LOVABLE  DISPOSITION  AS  NATURAL  A3  LIFE.  YOU  CANNOT  BUY  A  PICTURE  LIKE 
THIS  BECAUSE  I  OWN  THE  PAINTING  AND  HAVE  RESERVED  IT  EXCLUSIVELY  FOR  THIS  USE. 

X  ^  A  ^PRODUCTION  of  THIS  PAINTIN8  MAILED  ABSOLUTELY  FREE  e^~~T 

jk-i?  if  YOU  WRITE  ME  A  POSTAL  CARD  OR  LETTER  AND  ANSWER  3  QUESTIONS. 

1 1  •  ^ j  an^  ANSWER  THESE  3  QUESTIONS.  1st.  How  many  head  of  Each  Kind 

or  Lave  Stock  and  Poultry  do  you  own?  2nd.  In  what  Paper  did  you  see  my  offer?  3rd.  Have  you  ever 
used  International  Stock  Food”  for  Horses.  Cattle.  Sheep  or  Hogs? 

Would  you  like  the  Finest  14  Colors  Horse  Picture  ever  published  in  the  world  of  the  Fastest  Harness 
n«r«e  in  all  Horse  History?  I  will  mail  you  one  copy,  size  16  by  22,  promptly  and  with  Postage  Prepaid. 

It  you  love  a  (ireat  Champion  I  do  not  believe  you  would  take  $10.00  for  The  Picture  I  will  send  you 
free,  u  you  could  not  secure  another  copy*  Write  Me  At  Once  and  this  Splendid  Picture  is  yours  Free. 

YOU  MUST  ANSWER  THE  3  QUESTIONS.  M.  W.  SAVAGE,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


for  ms  see 


DAN  PATCH  HAS  PACED  14  MILES  avchabims  1:56K,  30  MILES  averaging  1:67^,  73  MILES  averaging  1:69^ 


114 


FEEDING  PROBLEMS. 

Under  this  heading  we  endeavor  to  give  advice 
and  suggestions  about  feeding  mixtures  of  grains 
and  fodders.  No  definite  rules  are  given,  but  the 
advice  is  based  upon  experience  and  average 
analyses  of  foods.  By  ‘‘protein”  is  meant  the 
elements  in  the  food  which  go  to  make  muscle  or 
lean  meat.  “Carbohydrates”  comprise  the  starch, 
sugar,  etc.,  which  make  fat  and  provide  fuel  for 
the  body,  while  “fat”  is  the  pure  oil  found  in 
foods.  Dry  matter”  means  the  weight  of  actual 
food  left  in  fodder  or  grain  when  all  the  water  is 
driven  off.  A  “narrow  ration”  means  one  in  which 
the  proportion  of  protein  to  carbohydrates  is  close 
—a  “wide”  ration  means  one  which  shows  a  larger 
proportion  of  carbohydrates. 


Increasing  Milk  Flow. 

We  have  a  fine  Jersey  cow  weighing 
probably  1,000  pounds.  She  calved  six 
weeks  ago,  usually  gives  six  gallons  of  milk 
per  day,  but  this  time  she  had  milk  fever 
when  the  calf  was  about  one  week  past  due. 
The  cow  got  well  in  a  week  or  10  days,  but 
does  not  give  over  4%  gallons  per  day  since 
sickness.  We  have  to  buy  all  our  feed. 
We  use  mixed  feed,  wheat,  bran  and  mid¬ 
dlings,  mixed.  We  feed  morning  and  even¬ 
ing  each  time  four  quarts  mixed  feed, 
weight  three  pounds,  $26  a  ton  ;  three-quar¬ 
ters  quart  feed  meal,  1  pound,  $25  a  ton  ; 
one-third  quart  oil  meal,  three  ounces,  $25 
a  ton ;  one-third  quart  cotton-seed  meal, 
four  ounces,  $26  a  ton.  Once  each  day,  in 
the  afternoon,  clover  hay  and  cow-pea  vines 
with  pods  on,  what  she  will  clean  up. 
Cow  seems  to  be  too  fat  and  getting  fatter 
all  the  time.  How  can  we  change  the 
feed  to  produce  more  milk  and  less  fat? 
She  does  not  like  cotton-seed  meal,  and  if 
we  feed  it  much  heavier  is  likely  to  go 
“off”  on  her  feed.  We  used  some  Alfalfa 
meal  last  Winter,  soaking  it  six  to  twelve 
hours  before  feeding  it.  We  have  100 
pounds  or  so  on  hand,  but  it  is  a  good  deal 
of  trouble.  c.  m.  d. 

Lawrence  Co.,  O. 

A  cow  which  has  had  milk  fever  re¬ 
quires  very  careful  feeding,  in  fact,  as 
much  depends  on  the  person  doing  the 
feeding  as  on  the  feed  itself.  You  are 
using  a  safe  ration  at  the  present  time, 
but  it  is  not  well  suited  for  large  milk 
production.  Your  cow  is  doing  exceed¬ 
ingly  well  considering  her  breed,  the 
feed  she  is  eating  and  the  fact  that  she 
has  been  sick.  If  she  is  particular  about 
what  she  eats  of  course  it  will  pay  to 
feed  only  grain  which  she  will  eat  with 
a  relish.  Alfalfa  meal  ought  to  taste 
good  to  her  when  soaked  over  night  in 
warm  water  and  mixed  with  the  grain 
ration  before  feeding.  Dried  beet  pulp 
would  also  tempt  her  appetite  and  in¬ 
crease  the  flow  of  milk.  If  you  can  get 
the  dried  pulp  begin  feeding  one  pound 
ppr  day  soaked  thoroughly  with  water 
before  mixing  with  the  dry  grain.  In¬ 
crease  the  beet  pulp  gradually  up  to  four 
or  five  pounds  per  day  and  the  cotton¬ 
seed  meal  to  two  pounds  per  day.  I  do 
not  think  you  will  have  any  difficulty 
getting  your  cow  to  eat  cotton-seed 
mixed  with  soaked  beet  pulp  and  other 
grain.  I  do  not  quite  understand  the 
term  “feed  meal.”  If  you  mean  that  your 
present  ration  contains  one  pound  of 
cornmeal  I  would  discontinue  its  use  at 
once,  as  it  is  too  fattening  for  your  cow. 

c.  s.  G. 


Milk  and  Pork  Rations. 


1.  I  have  three  fresh  cows,  with  a  calf 
six  weeks  old,  which  is  going  away.  The 
cow  heretofore  gave  16  quarts  of  milk 
daily.  The  milk  tested  3.80.  The  second 
cow'  is  a  heifer,  two  years  of  age,  with  her 
first  calf,  dropped  December  20.  The 
third  is  a  young  cow  purchased  last  Spring. 
Her  calf  was  dropped  December  25.  I  would 
like  to  have  a  ration  compounded  for  these 
cows  so  that  I  may  obtain  a  maximum  flow 
of  milk  at  a  minimum  cost.  I  sell  my 
milk  to  a  nearby  creamery,  which  pays  per 
pound  butter  fat.  I  have  ear  corn,  oats, 
clover  hay  containing  one-quarter  to  one- 
fifth  Timothy  and  corn  stover.  I  can  buy 
coarse  wheat  bran  at  $1.40  per  100  pounds, 
sugarota,  $1.40  per  100  pounds ;  wheat,  mid¬ 
dlings,  $1.50  per  100  pounds;  gluten  feed, 
$1.45  per  100 ;  linseed  meal,  $2  per  100 ;  I 
do  not  wish  to  buy  more  feed  than  absolute¬ 
ly  necessary. 

2.  I  have  two  litters  of  pigs,  farrowed 
December  24  and  December  25.  First  litter 
numbers  eight,  second  litter  six.  These 
pigs  are  fed  six  quarts  of  wheat  bran  and 
12  quarts  of  thick  milk  daily  at  present. 
When  a  week  old  I  intend  to  substitute 
wheat  middlings  for  part  of  bran,  but  shall 
do  it  gradually.  Are  my  methods  the  best? 
I  want  these  to  be  nice  thrifty  shotes  by 
April  1,  so  I  can  sell  them  or  keep  them 
and  fatten.  I  need  $200  by  April  1. 
These  are  the  materials  out  of  which  I 
shall  try  to  gather  the  money.  J.  f.  f. 


Here  is  a  ration  compounded  from 
your  available  feeding  stuffs  that  ought 
to  give  good  satisfaction  when  fed  to 
good  cows.  The  amounts  given  are 
enough  for  a  large  cow  weighing  about 
1,200  pounds  in  full  flow  of  milk.  For 
smaller  cows  the  quantity  should  be  de¬ 


creased  : 


Digestible. 

Dry 

Pro- 

Carb. 

Feeding  Stuff. 

Matter. 

tein. 

and  fat. 

12  lbs.  clover  hay. 

.  .  .10.20 

.816 

4.752 

3  lbs.  Timothy  hay..  2.61 

.0S4 

1.395 

8  lbs.  corn  stover 

.  . .  4.80 

.136 

2.72 

3  lbs.  ground  oats 

.  .  .  2.67 

.276 

1.704 

5  lbs.  corn  and 

cob 

meal  . 

.  4.25 

.22 

3.325 

8  lbs.  gluten  feed. 

.  .  .  2.70 

.696 

2.097 

2  lbs.  linseed  meal 

.  .  .  1.82 

.086 

.97 

29.05 

2.814 

16.963 

You  will  see  that  while  this  is  a  heavy 
ration  with  a  comparatively  wide  nu- 


THE  RU RAh  NEW-YORKER 


January  28, 


tritive  ratio  it  contains  a  fair  amount  of 
protein,  and  in  the  absence  of  any  suc¬ 
culent  feed  I  have  added  two  pounds  of 
oil  meal,  which  partly  makes  up  for 
this  deficiency.  If  your  cows  are  in¬ 
clined  to  become  too  fat  on  this  ration 
you  could  add  a  pound  or  two  of  cotton¬ 
seed  meal,  but  if  they  are  naturally  good 
milkers  it  will  probably  not  be  necessary 
for  you  to  go  to  this  extra  expense.  The 
only  feed  you  will  have  to  buy  for  the 
ration  suggested  is  the  gluten  and  oil 
meal,  which  will  cost  not  more  than 
&y2  cents  per  day. 

2.  You  are  pursuing  the  proper  course 
with  your  pigs.  They  should  be  weaned 
when  about  eight  weeks  old  and  fed 
sweet  skim-milk  and  wheat  middlings  to 
start  with,  gradually  changing  to  the 
mixed  feed  in  the  course  of  a  month  or 
two.  It  would  also  improve  their  con¬ 
dition  to  add  a  little  cornmeal  to  their 
ration  during  one  or  two  months  before 
marketing.  You  will  require  a  warm 
place  for  pigs  born  in  December,  or  the 
cold  weather  will  seriously  retard  their 
growth.  It  has  been  my  experience  that 
there  is  much  more  profit  in  September 
pigs  or  those  born  early  in  the  Spring 
than  can  be  made  from  Winter  pigs.  It 
will  also  be  necessary  to  keep  their 
beds  dry  and  clean  if  they  are  expected 
to  keep  healthy  and  produce  a  satisfac¬ 
tory  growth.  C.  s.  G. 

Feeding;  Cow  and  Working  Cattle. 

Will  you  suggest  feeding  rations  from 
the  following  feeds,  which  I  have  on  hand  : 
Hay,  oat  straw,  stock  feed,  oats?  The 
animals  to  be  fed  are  a  cow  in  good  condi¬ 
tion.  giving  14  quarts  of  milk,  butter  fat 
desired,  calved  August  last,  and  four-year- 
old  steers,  working  every  day.  F.  c.  H. 

Fairliaven,  Mass. 

It  is  an  impossibility  to  compound  a 
proper  ration  for  either  milch  cows  or  work¬ 
ing  steers  from  the  feeding  stuffs  mentioned. 
I  would  suggest  that  you  use  your  oat 
straw  for  bedding  and  feed  both  cow  and 
steers  all  the  hay  they  will  eat.  In  ad¬ 
dition  the  cow  should  have  about  three 
pounds  of  ground  oats  and  some  succulent 
feed  like  silage,  roots  or  beet  pulp,  also 
some  feed  containing  a  high  percentage  of 
protein,  such  as  gluten,  cotton-seed  meal,  oil 
meal,  drv  brewers’  or  distillers’  grains  or 
wheat  bran.  A  good  grain  ration  for  the 
steers  would  be  equal  parts  by  measure  of 
ground  oats,  cornmeal  and  wheat  bran.  I 
would  not  advise  using  the  stock  food 
named.  c.  s.  g. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


CLLIC, 

LngineJ 


KEROSENE 


For  Farm,  Sbop  and  Home 

Runs  perfectly  on  kerosene,  gasoline, 
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ignition  saves  75%  battery  cost.  Force 
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Comes  complete,  test¬ 
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Twice  as  good  at  halt 
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Free  Trial 

No  obligation  till  satis* 
fiod  10-year  guarantee. 

'  «•  Engine  Fact a"  free; _ _ 

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ELLIS  ENGINE  O’Ur. 


.51  Mullstt  St..  Dstroit,  Mick. 


Spreader  Value  Means  What 
You  Get-Not  What  You  Pay 

The  Great  Western  Is  a  Quality  spreader— made  for  the  men  who  can 
see  past  the  price  to  the  years  of  service  and  the  kind  of  service.  It  la 
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enormous  output  which  insures  the  most  for  your  money.  100,000  farmers  and 
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Great  Western  Apron  Spreader 

Let  us  send  you  proof.  Know  what  the  wonderful  Great  Western  Endless  Apron  means. 
Read  how  much  more  oak,  hickory,  steel,  malleable  and  wrought  iron  is  used  in  the  con¬ 
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you’ll  know  why  we  guarantee  every  Great  Western  to  give  50&  more  service  with  50#  less 
1  repairs— whether  it’s  a  wooden  or  steel-wheeled  machine,  anywhere  from  35  bushels  to  100 
bushels  capacity.  S’ 

Write  For  Free  Book^  ^  *JjP  More  Per  Aoe 

Don’t  buy  any  spreader  till  you  get  our  big  art 
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SMITH  MFC.  COMPANY 
[  158  E.  Harrison  Street  Chicago,  Illinois 


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muTm  Dairymen,  Take  a  Look  atthe 
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It’s  the  original  and  “only 
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used.  TRY  ONE.  Ask  your 
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write  us  direct.  Don’t  take 
an  imitation. 

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’io-'T  357  South  Third  Street 
I  sj  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


Death  the  Stomach 
Worms  Guaranteed 

■We  will  send  you  100  lbs.  of  DR. 
HOLLAND’S  MEDICATED  STOCK 
SALT  on  60  days’  trial  freight 
prepaid.  If  you  derive  no  benefit. 
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COMPANY,  Wellington,  Ohio. 


Your  FATHERS 

uncles,  older  brothers  and 
MAYBE  YOU 
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Want  our  Catalog 7  State 
Power  needs. 

Gasoline,  Kerosene,  etc. 
Charter  Gas  Engine  Co.,  P.  0.  Box  26,  Sterling,  III.,  U.S.  A 


AIR 

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SIMPLE-EASY  TO  RUN— ALWAYS  READY 


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a  real  engine  factory.  Save  dealer,  jobber  and  catalogue  house  profit.  No  such  offer 
as  I  make  on  the  class  of  engine  I  sell  has  ever  been  made  before  in  all  Gasoline  Engine 
history.  Here  is  the  secret  and  reason  :  I  turn  them  out  all  alike  by  the  thousands  in  my 
enormous  modern  factory,  equipped  with  automatic  machinery.  I  sell  them  direct  to  you 
for  less  money  than  some  factories  can  make  them  at  actual  shop  cost. 

All  you  pay  me  for  is  actual  raw  material,  labor  and  one  small  profit  (and  I  buy  my 
material  :n  enormous  quantities). 

Anybody  can  afford  and  might  just  as  well  have  a  high  grade  engine  when  he 
can  get  in  on  a  wholesale  deal  of  this  kind.  I’m  doing  something  that  never  was 
done  before.  Think  of  it  1  A  price  to  you  that  is  lower  than  dealers  and 
jobbers  can  buy  similar  engines  for,  in  carload  lots,  for  spot  cash. 

An  engine  that  is  made  so  good  in  the  factory  that  I  will  send 
it  out  anywhere  in  the  U.  S.  without  an  expert  to  any  inexperienced 
users,  on  30  days’  free  trial,  to  test  against  any  engine  made  of  >  _ 

similar  horse-power  that  sells  for  twice  as  much,  and  let  him  _  mm _ 9 _ 

be  the  judge.  Sell  your  poorest  horse  end  buy  a  yy  fagf  VlSMMMOVw  SMjW  9 


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GASOUNE 
ENGINE 

Write  today  for  my  beautiful  new  50-page  Engine  Book  in  four 
colors,  nothing  like  it  ever  printed  before,  full  of  valuable  information, 
showing  how  I  make  them  and  how  you  can  make  more  money  with  a 
gasoline  engine  on  the  farm.  Write  me — 

M fntm  Galloway,  Proa.,  Wm.  Galloway  Co. 
665  Galloway  Station,  Waterloo,  Iowa 


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THE,  PRICE  MAKERS 


For  17  years  we  have  manufactured 
Waterloo  Boy  gasoline  engines 
We  have  made  them  so  well,  they  have  given  such  good  satisfaction  and  we  have  sold  so  many  at  such  reasonable  prices 
that  we  have  compelled  others  to  sell  their  gasoline  engines  cheaper.  They  had  to  do  it  or  quit  business. 

We  have  saved  the  farmer  both  time  and  money.  Every  year  has  marked  improvements  in  the  Waterloo  Boy. 
For  17  years  we  have  kept  every  promise  we  ever  made  in  any  of  our  advertisements.  We  will  continue  to  do  so  in  thefuture. 
For  17  years  the  Waterloo  Boy  has  made  good.  It  has  been  a  reliable  hired  man.  It  has  not  failed  in  cold  weather. 
It  has  been  reasonable  in  Price,  Simple  and  Durable  in  Service.  The  Waterloo  Boy  Makes  Good. 

A  Clean  Record.  Standing  on  this  Clean,  Honorable  Record,  we  now  offer  to  the  farmers  the  Buttercup 
Cream  Saparator,  a  high  grade,  standard  machine,  Close  Skimmer,  Easy  Runner  and  Durable.  In  Price,  Quality 
and  Service  a  fit  companion  for  the  Waterloo  Boy. 

A  GASOLINE  ENGINE  and  a  CREAM  SEPARATOR  — the  two  most  profitable  workers  on  the  farm — the  big  money  makers  on  the  farm — together 
they  make  a  strong  combination.  These  two  machines, — a  1/4  horse  WATERLOO  BOY  engine,  and  the  best  standard  CREAM  SEPARATOR — for  a  little  more 
than  the  price  of  a  cream  separator  ALONE.  Does  that  sound  good  to  you?  If  you  are  interested  write  us. 

WATERLOO  GASOLINE  ENGINE  CO.,  184  West  3rd  Ave.,  Waterloo,  Iowa. 


3911. 

A  PERCHERON  MARE  AS  AN  INVEST¬ 
MENT, 

IT.  IF.,  Broome  Co.,  A7.  Y. — I  own  a 
seven-acre  farm  and  cannot  get  cultivating 
or  other  work  done  just  when  I  need  it.  I 
am  going  to  have  a  horse.  If  I  get  a 
Percheron  mare  I  can  raise  a  colt  and  do 
my  own  work  at  the  same  time,  besides  I 
can  get  a  good  price  for  Percheron  colts. 
What  must  I  pay  for  a  good  mare  (Perch¬ 
eron)?  What  weight  would  you  recom¬ 
mend?  I  wish  to  raise  good  draft  colts. 
Are  Percheron  mares  gentle?  What  do  you 
think  I  can  get  for  a  good  Percheron  colt 
when  I  get  one?  What  age  should  mare 
be?  Tell  mo  all  you  can  about  Percherons. 

I  see  no  reason  why  the  owner  of  a 
seven-acre  farm  should  not  keep  just  as 
good  stock  as  the  owner  of  700-acre 
farm.  The  scheme  which  W.  W.  sug¬ 
gests  in  my  opinion  is  feasible  and  ad¬ 
visable.  A  good  Percheron  mare  will 
do  all  of  his  work  and  raise  a  colt  at 
the  same  time,  and  the  colt  should  be 
worth  more  at  the  time  of  weaning  than 
the  cost  of  the  keeping  of  the  mare  dur¬ 
ing  the  year.  The  mare  should  be  so 
bred  that  the  colt  would  be  foaled  in 
October  or  November,  so  that  the  mare 
and  colt  might  have  more  leisure  in  the 
Winter  than  would  be  possible  in  the 
Summer.  Good  and  succulent  food 
should  be  furnished  the  mare  during  the 
Winter,  such  as  silage,  carrots  or  roots 
of  some  kind,  so  as  to  produce  milk 
and,  of  course,  she  should  be  well-fed 
and  both  should  be  kept  in  a  stable 
warm,  clean  and  dry.  In  the  Spring 
time  the  colt  would  be  ready  to  wean 

and  turn  out  to  grass  and  the  mare 

could  be  put  to  work.  The  Percheron 
mare  for  breeding  should  be,  of  course, 
of  good  conformation,  good  disposition 
and  weigh  not  less  than  1500  pounds, 
and  should  be  bred  to  a  registered  stal¬ 
lion  of  the  same  good  qualities  and 
preferably  heavier  in  weight,  say  from 
1700  to  2000  pounds.  A  good  colt  from 

such  a  pair  at  weaning  time  would  be 

worth  from  $200  to  $300  and  might  be 
worth  considerably  more.  Such  a  mare 
as  I  have  described  would  cost  in  the 
market  from  $400  to  $600,  and  she  should 
not  be  less  than  three  years  of  age.  It 
is  quite  impossible  to  keep  up  with  the 
demand  for  purebred  Percheron  colts 
and  horses,  and  it  seems  to  be  increas¬ 
ing  every  day.  While  the  price  of  the 
niare  would  seem  to  be  high  as  compared 
with  non-registered  horses,  yet  it  will 
be  found  that  the  sale  of  the  colts  would 
pay  for  the  purchase  price  of  the  mare 
in  at  least  two  years,  and  the  mare 
could  go  on  breeding  for  very  many  years. 
As  a  general  rule,  Percheron  mares  and 
horses  are  gentle,  true  and  easily  worked. 
There  would  be  very  little  likelihood  of 
securing  a  vicious  Percheron  mare,  al¬ 
though  care  should  be  exercised  in  the 
purchase  of  the  breeding  animal  in  that 
case  as  well  as  all  others. 

JOHN  mTennan. 
Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y. 

I  find  that  in  this  section  W.  W. 
would  have  to  pay  from  $200  to  $250  for 
a  well-bred  mare  not  registered.  Six 
years  would  be  about  the  best  age,  and 
the  weight  for  the  purpose  he  states 
about  1400  pounds.  The  mare  could 
certainly  do  his  cultivating  and  raise 
a  good  colt;  in  fact,  she  would  be  better 
off  for  the  work.  I  believe  a  Percheron 
mare  to  be  the  gentlest  of  any  breed. 
Certainly  I  never  heard  of  any  that 
were  otherwise  than  gentle.  In  this  sec¬ 
tion  a  good  Percheron  colt  would  com¬ 
mand  from  $75  to  $100  at  six  months  of 
age.  From  what  information  I  can  get 
it  seems  to  me  that  W.  W.’s  colt  would 
pay  for  its  keep  and  the  keep  of  the 
mare.  The  work  he  would  get  dine  for 
nothing.  For  anyone  situated  as  he  is 
I  should  think  it  would  be  a  good  propo¬ 
sition.  I  should  try  it  and  feel  very  , 
hopeful  of  even  making  some  money  on 
it  in  the  course  of  three  or  four  years, 
aside  from  getting  my  work  done  and 
keeping  my  mare.  j.  s.  pratt. 

Orleans  Co.,  N.  Y. 

There  is  a  pretty  strong  feeling  in  this 
community  that  heavier  horses,  as  Perch¬ 
erons  for  example,  are  needed  for  farm 
work  Very  few  have  yet  been  tried, 
but  there  is  every  indication  that  their 
market  is  fairly  assured,  both  for  work 
in  the  country  and  in  the  cities.  It  is 
constantly  asserted  that  a  man  may  suc¬ 
cessfully  raise  and  market  in  the  smaller 
cities,  if  not  elsewhere,  horses  of  1200 
to  1400  pounds.  Where  a  man  is 'not 
too  busy  with  his  team,  or  in  the  case  ! 
mentioned  of  a  single  mare,  I  see  no 
reason  why  with  the  blood  he  names  he 
may  not  be  successful  in  raising  colts 
tor  market.  Prices  are  ruling  pretty  ‘ 


THK  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


high,  and  there  ought  to  be  some  profit. 
I  have  had  no  experience  in  just  this 
line,  but  have  raised  some  colts.  It  is 
not  all  profit.  Several  farmers  that  I 
know  raise  colts  now  and  then.  I  be¬ 
lieve  they  are  usually  successful,  but  very 
likely  they  would  be  more  so  if  they 
used  better  blood.  There  is  a  good  deal 
of  care  attending  the  raising  of  a  colt, 
and.  not  a  little  expense.  I  wouldn’t 
advise  a  man  to  get  into  the  job  ex¬ 
pecting  a  fortune  out  of  it,  but  it  seems 
to  me  that  I  would  approve  the  plan 
proposed  by  W.  W.  For  farm  purposes 
a  horse  weighing  1200  or  1300  seems 
generally  to  be  preferred,  although  1400 
is  sometimes  desired.  For  city  uses  and 
for  country  teaming  the  market  seems 
to  incline  towards  a  slightly  heavier 
horse.  As  for  prices,  I  saw  a  span  not 
long  ago  that  had  been  purchased  at 
$800.  That  is  the  highest  priced  farm 
team  that  I  have  seen.  I  think  $300 
apiece  does  not  seem  far  out  of  the  way 
for  good  horses,  five  to  seven  years  old, 
and  withou;  material  drawbacks  of  any 
sort.  A  span  of  colts,  one  a  yearling 
and  the  other  a  two-year-old,  was  of¬ 
fered  a  few  days  ago  for  $300  for  The 
two.  These  were  not  purebred,  how¬ 
ever.  They  would  weigh  now  about 
2000  pounds,  but  when  mature  are  likely 
to  weigh  about  1400  pounds  each.  I 
should  expect  these  in  four  years  to 
sell  at  $500  to  $600  for  the  two,  or  pos¬ 
sibly  a  little  more,  in  this  locality. 
There  seems  to  be  one  peculiarity  about 
the  horse  market.  If  a  man  wishes  to 
buy  he  find  it  a  hard  job  to  buy  what 
he  wants  and  get  his  money’s  worth. 
If  he  wants  to  sell  he  finds  it  equally 
difficult  to  find  buyers  who  are  willing 
to  pay  the  value  of  his  horse.  This  is 
not  said  to  discourage  W.  W.,  but  it 
seems  to  be  one  of  the  incidents  that 
are  worth  considering.  ii.  h.  i.yon. 
Chenango  Co.,  N.  Y. 


116 


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Questions 


orn 

rowers 


Some  people  call  this  corn 


Q.  Can  I  raise  prize  winning 

corn? 

A.  Certainly. 

Q.  Wffl  it  pay  me? 

A.  Yes.  And  you  can  in¬ 
crease  your  crop  1 0  to 
20  bushels  per  acre 
with  absolutely  no  in¬ 
crease  of  cost. 

Q.  How? 

A.  Learn  modern  seed 
selection  and  methods 
of  growing,  from  the 
greatest  of  corn  experts. 

Q.  Who  is  that? 

A.  Prof.  P.  G.  Holden  of 
Iowa. 

Q.  How  can  he  teach  me? 

A.  His  latest  booklet, 
“Corn  Secrets,”  tells 
exactly  what  to  do. 
Results  are  sure  if  you 
follow  his  directions. 


Q.  What  does  it  cost  and 
how  do  I  get  it? 

A.  Send  $1.00  to 
FARM  JOURNAL, 
Philadelphia.  This 
pays  for  “Corn 
Secrets,”  postpaid,  and 
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come  in? 

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home  paper  in  the 
world,  with  more 

than  750,000  sub¬ 
scribers.  If  you  grow 
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HOLDEN, 
the  man  who 
knows  corn 


Corn  growers,  the  above  gives  our  story  in  a  nutshell.  We 
have  too  little  room  to  describe 

CORN  SECRETS 

at  length  here.  We  can  only  say  that  it  points  the  new  way 
to  profitable  corn  growing.  It  will  teach  thousands  where 
Holden  has  been  able  to  reach  and  instruct  hundreds  only. 
|gfoj|||  h  will  increase  the  profits  of  corn  growers  by  millions  of  dollars 
yearly,  if  Holden’s  simple  rules  are  followed. 

Holden  has  worked  at  this  for  years.  He  and  his  assistants 
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And  all  of  this  knowledge,  experience,  and  simple,  clear  directions  Holden 
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THE  RURAI>  NEW-YORKER 


January  28, 


The  Henyard. 

Our  hens  made  good,  3157  dozen  from 
400  hens,  sold  for  $730.04.  That  does  not 
include  eggs  for  family  use,  which  would 
average  three  dozen  a  week.  That  is  what 
the  good  wife  and  daughter  did  as  a  side 
line  in  the  egg  business.  But  they  read 
The  K.  N.-Y.  a.  i. 

Bethalto,  Ill. 

I  think  I  am  doing  well  with  my  liens, 
and  not  much  fooling.  I  took  100  hens, 
mostly  Lieghorns.  We  used  all  eggs  needi-d 
for  a  family  of  12.  We  set  23  dozen, 
and  sold  on  the  open  market  (no  private 
sale  for  hatching),  just  store  prices.  We 
sold  to  the  sum  of  $212.32.  We  feed 
whole  grain,  barley,  buckwheat,  a  few  oats, 
some  bran,  roots,  shell  and  good  water. 

New  Y’ork.  o.  b.  s. 

The  poultry  outlook  for  the  coming  sea¬ 
son  in  general  is  the  brightest  I  have  ex¬ 
perienced  in  the  last  12  years,  both  in  sales 
of  chicks  and  eggs,  also  breeding  stock.  As 
to  comparative  profits  in  little  chicks,  eggs 
or  breeding  stock,  that  is  a  matter  of  opin¬ 
ion.  and  depends  on  how  situated  and  con¬ 
veniences  installed.  For  the  man  of  mod¬ 
erate  means  starting  in  I  would  advise  buy¬ 
ing  chicks,  especially  of  the  Leghorn  varie¬ 
ties,  as  they  become  profitable  at  an  earlier 
age.  As  for  us  we  find  the  day-old  chick 
business  is  the  most  profitable  of  all,  as 
our  eggs  hatch  exceedingly  well  we  are 
able  to  sell  at  a  moderate  price. 

Westchester  Co.,  N.  Y.  john  h.  weed. 

The  Other  Side. — Last  Winter  we  had 
80  hens,  some  of  them  we  paid  as  high  as 
75  cents  apiece  for,  which  we  thought 
rather  high.  We  kept  account  and  found 
they  paid  for  keen  and  some  over  through 
the  Winter,  and  grain  was  high  ;  we  had 
everything  to  buy..  In  April  we  com¬ 
menced  setting  hens  on  eggs  we  got  from 
chicken  raisers,  good  stock,  and  some  of 
our  own  eggs.  Not  more  than  half  the 
eggs  hatched ;  then  a  cold  wet  spell  killed 
lots  of  the  chicks.  When  half  grown  a 
vile  skunk  got  into  the  coop  one  night  and 
killed  four  White  Leghorns,  and  wo  only 
got  15  cents  for  his  skin  and  about  a  pint 
of  oil  out  of  his  carcass.  The  two  pullets 
he  left  commenced  laying  in  November 
when  eggs  were  selling  at  40  cents  a  dozen 
at  the  cooperative  store.  Since  Christmas 
eggs  have  dropped  to  37  cents  a  dozen. 
We  lost  some  chickens  by  huddling  when 
we  changed  them  from  the  small  coop  to 
the  chicken  house.  The  hawks'  got  some, 
some  had  rickets.  Now  after  one  year’s 
experience  trying  to  raise  chickens  to  make 
hens  for  laying  purposes  (counting  out  the 
roosters)  we  think  a  laying  pullet  ought 
to  be  worth  about  $75  instead  of  75  cents, 
and  fresh  eggs  should  bring  08  cents  a 
dozen  at  the  least.  i.  m.  s. 

Lisbon,  Me. 

Of  late  years,  our  experience  has  been 
confined  to  R.  C.  Rhode  Island  Reds  and 
Indian  Runner  ducks.  We  breed  only  from 
our  own  birds,  cull  out  all  specimens  that 
show  the  least  deterioration  from  a  high 
standard  of  vigor,  no  matter  when  it  shows 
or  how  valuable  the  individual  may  be. 
All  utility  hens  are  disposed  of  Immediately 
after  their  second  laying  year.  We  feed 
from  November  1  to  May  1  oats  and  wheat 
at  daylight,  moist  mash  at  noon  and  whole 
corn  at  night.  The  mash  consists  of  hran. 
ground  oats,  cracked  corn,  gluten  meal. 
Alfalfa,  charcoal,  grit  and  beef  scraps,  and 
varies  in  proportions  with  the  seasons,  being 
much  richer  in  scrap,  grit  and  charcoal  from 
July  1  to  December  1  (the  moulting  season!. 
Five  years  ago,  when  we  first  used  this 
system  of  feeding  (which  we  have  had  no 
reason  to  change)  it  gave  us  an  average  i 
annual  egg  yield  of  143  eggs  per  hen  with 
a  flock  of  300  hens  and  pullets.  The 

same  system  has  been  carried  on  since, 
with  yearly  improvement,  until  the  present 
output  shows  an  average  of  170  eggs  each 
a  year.  As  the  treatment  and  feeding 
has  heeq,  the  same,  we  can  only  attribute 
the  increase  of  product  to  increased  vigor 
of  constitution.  While  five  years  ago  we 
had  trouble  in  getting  our  Reds  up  to 
standard  weight,  they  now  show  an  average 
of  75  per  cent,  over  weight. 

SINCLAIR  SMITH. 

Abuse  of  Kindness. — Beginners  at  poul¬ 
try  keeping  tend  to  overfeed  their  chickens 
during  the  Winter.  Too  much  grain  :  too  I 
little  animal  food  and  green  food.  Fowls  I 
require  each  of  these  three  kinds  of  food  : 
all  the  year  round,  in  order  to  keep  in 
vigorous  health,  and  if  they  are  overfed  I 
or  underfed  with  either  one  there  is  apt 
to  be  a  loss  in  vitality  that  shows  itself  j 
in  diminished  egg  production.  It  is  not 
much  trouble  to  throw  out  grain  two  or 
three  times  a  day,  nor  to  furnish  enough 
animal  food  in  the  shape  of  beef  scrap ; 
but  to  supply  a  sufficient  ration  of  fresh 
green  food  Is  not  always  an  easy  matter. 
So  there  are  a  great  many  flocks'  that  are 
compelled  to  get  along  on  a  very  scanty 
amount  of  vegetable  food.  Yet  experience 
teaches  that  chickens  need  bulky  vegetable 
diet  every  day,  just  as  human  beings  and 
our  cattle  do,  not  so  much  for  the  nourish¬ 
ment  it  affords  as  for  its  effect  on  the 
appetite  and  digestion.  They  consume 
large  amounts  when  they  can  get  it.  When 
the  supply  is  small  and  at  the  same  time 
they  are  freely  fed  with  g.rain  they  tend 
to  grow  too  fat,  and  the  unhealthy  condition 
shows  itself  in  the  laying  of  soft-shelled 
eggs,  diminished  egg  production,  lack  of 
fertility,  disturbances  of  the  digestive  or¬ 
gans,  and  sometimes  death.  It  would  an¬ 
noy  and  offend  most  poultry  keepers  if  they 
were  accused  of  abusing  their  fowls ;  yet 
such  a  charge  would  be  true  of  many  of 
them.  The  term  abuse  does  not  always 
mean  neglect  or  harshness ;  it  may  often  be 
applied  justly  to  those  who  are  overanxious 
to  do  all  they  can  for  their  birds.  More 
hens  are  injured  by  overfeeding  and  cod¬ 
dling  than  by  lack  of  food  and  rough  usage. 

WM.  R.  FISHER. 


daily  ration  does  not  include  meat  in  some 
form.  The  best  preventive  is  to  keep  the 
hens  busy.  Start  them  to  working  early 
in  the  morning  and  keep  them  at  it  all  day. 
It  is  a  good  plan  to  feed  a  portion  of 
cracked  grains  in  the  litter  each  morning. 
This  should  be  scattered  around  and  well 
covered  so  that  the  hens  will  have  to 
scratch  for  it.  At  noon  feed  meat  scraps 
or  cut  bone  and  green  food  in  some  form ; 
also  give  them  free  access  to  a  good  dry 
mash.  For  the  afternoon  feed  they  may 
•be  given  more  grain,  which  will  keep  them 
working  until  dusk.  If  any  of  the  hens 
are  injured  they  should  be  removed  until 
the  wound  is  entirely  healed.  F.  T.  F. 

An  Open  Front  Henhouse. 

A  short  time  ago  I  read  an  article  in 
The  R.  N.-Y.  on  the  open  front  poultry 
house  and  asking  for  experience  with  such 
houses.  I  can  give  but  one  year's  experi¬ 
ence,  which  was  highly  satisfactory  to  me. 
Seven  years  ago  I  built  a  poultry  house 
25  miles  east  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  15x45, 
divided  into  three  rooms,  intending  to  keep 
50  White  Leghorns  in  each  compartment. 
The  building  was  5%  feet  high  at  the 
rear  and  eight  feet  in  front.  To  each 
room  there  was  an  opening  six  feet  square 
over  which  poultry  netting  was  fastened. 
1  then  made  a  light  frame  the  size  of 
opening  and  stretched  a  good  quality  of 
muslin  over  same,  and  hinged  it  to  top  of 
opening,  which  was  close  to  the  roof  as 
possible,  so  as  to  let  the  sunlight  penetrate 
to  the  rear  of  house.  1  built  a  roosting 
platform  of  one  inch  matched  •  boards  at 
the  rear  slightly  sloping  toward  the  front 
and  three  feet  from  the  ground.  I  also 
made  a  muslin  curtain  on  a  frame  hinged 
to  the  roof  to  close  down  against  the 
front  of  roosting  platform.  Other  inside 
arrangements  can  be  made  to  suit  owner. 

Now  for  results.  All  my  neighbors 
said  my  chickens  would  freeze,  but  I  did 
not  think  so.  That  Winter  was  the  coldest 
I  have  ever  experienced ;  for  three  weeks 
the  thermometer  registered  from  zero  to 
20  below,  and  the  morning  of  January  17 
the  mercury  said  27  degrees  below  zero. 
Some  of  my  neighbors  came  over  to  count 
my  dead  chickens,  but  instead  there  was 
not  even  a  frosted  comb.  I  had  the  ground 
floor  covered  to  a  depth  of  eight  to  10 
inches  with  planer  shavings,  and  feed  all 
grain  in  this  litter,  mixing  it  thoroughly 
by  scuffling  through  it  with  my  feet,  and 
it  was  a  great  lot  of  pleasure  to  me  to  see 
those  Leghorns  make  those  shavings  fly. 
They  make  the  finest  litter  for  all  pur¬ 
poses  that  can  be  found,  and  when  we  got 
a  bright  sunny  day  the  way  those  chickens 
would  sing  one  would  think  there  were 
500  instead  of  50.  If  I  were  to  build  one 
or  100  poultry  houses  I  would  follow  out 
above  plan.  o.  o.  marston. 


Fighting  Hens. 

What  is  the  cause  of  fighting  among  a 
flock  of  hens?  Mine  are  all  April  and  May 
hatched  pullets.  They  sometimes  kill  each 
other,  and  as  they  are  fine  strain  of  S.  C. 
White  Leghorns,  I  do  not  like  to  lose  them. 

Gasport,  N.  Y.  j.  c.  h. 

I  think  the  cause  of  the  fighting  is  prob¬ 
ably  due  to  idleness.  Leghorns  very  often 
become  uneasy  unless  they  have  plenty  to 
do.  This  may  lead  to  picking  or  feather 
pulling.  An  accidental  taste  of  blood  cre¬ 
ates  a  hankering  for  more,  and  the  results 
are  often  disastrous,  especially  when  the 


Do  Your 
Buildings 
Need  Paint? 


Examine  your  buildings  and  see  if  they 
need  painting  now.  If  they  do,  don’t  put 
the  work  off  because  you  believe  linseed 
oil  will  drop  in  price.  There  is  no  hope 
of  it.  Besides,  the  price  of  paint  made- 
to-order  of 

“Dutch  Boy  Painter” 

White  Lead  and  pure  linseed  oil  is  lower  than 
you  may  think,  if  you  have  not  actually  figured  it. 

Get  prices  from  your  dealer  on  the  ingredients 
of  this  old-fashioned,  long-wearing,  pure  white 
lead  paint.  You  will  find  it  cheaper  than  any 
other  paint  you’d  think  of  using. 

Write  for  our  free  "Painting  Helps  No.  \  208 

NATIONAL  LEAD  COMPANY 

An  office  in  each  of  the  fillvwine  cities: 

NewYork  Cleveland  Chicago 
St.  Louis  Boston  Buffalo 
Cincinnati  San  Francisco 
(John  T.  Lewis  A  Bros.  Co.. 
Philadelphia) 

(National  Lead  and  Oil  Co.. 
Pittsburgh) 


SAVE  BIG  MONEY  ON 

Quaker  City 

FEED  MILLS 

Send  your  name 
for  our  Big:  Book 
and  then  buy  the 
World's  Standar 
Grinder  of  41  years’ 
success.  We  sell  it  tin 
season  at  low  factory 
price,  direct  to  you 
No  extra  charge  for 
new  improvements.  Grinds 
soft,  wet  or  dry  ear  corn, 
shelled  corn,  all  grains,  sepa-  ;:.-i 
rate  or  mixed.  Grinds  coarse, '’if! 
medium  or  the  finest  table  meal 
and  also  grinds  husks  as  well  as 
cobs  and  corn.  Shipped  direct  to  you 

FREIGHT  PAID 

No  Deposit — Free  Trial 

Don't  risk  your  money  on  claims.  Let  us  send  , 
you  a  Quaker  Citv  Mill  without  cash  or  deposit 
in  advance  and  all  freight  paid.  Then  you  can  , 
see  that  it  does  best  work  or  you  ship  it  right  , 
back  at  our  expense.  You  don't  take  a  single  risk. 

WRITE  TODAY  FOR  BOOK,  prices  and  guar¬ 
antee.  One  of  our  mills  will  just  meet  your  needs 
and  fit  your  pocketbook.  You’ll  find 

A  Style  and  Price  for  You 

No  matter  what  you  need.  But  whichever  Quaker 
City  Mill  you  choose,  it  must  satisfy  you  or  you 
need  not  keep  it.  Now  send  a  postal  and  ask  for 
our  Feed  Mill  Catalog.  Address 

A.  G.  STRAUB  A.  COMPANY 

8787  Filbert  Street  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

or  The  Machinery  Warehouse 
3707  S.  Ashland  Ave.  Chicago,  Illinois 


^-Galloway 

MANURE  SPREADER 

The  real  thing.  A  successful  50  bushel  Spreader  with  K 
more  than  four  years  of  success  behind  it,  only  $39.50j 
This  is  only  one  of  the  great  Galloway  line.  More 
than  40,000  farmers  of  America  have  stamped  their 
O.  K.onit.  They  say,  “It’s  the  Best.”  This  is  the  latest 
from  the  Great  Galloway  factory.  It’s  part  of  my  1911 
capacity  of  40,000  manure  spreaders.  It  is  you  that  gets 
the  benefit  of  this  tremendous  output,  and  you  save  40  to  60 
per  cent  on  your  purchase  because  I  divide  the  melon  with 
you.  Every  page  of  my  big  free  book  fairly  bristles  with  Proof 


IW39- 

*  F.0.B,  WATERLOO! 


;  • — 


sal 


get  This  Big  book 

Free 

iSL 
M, 


Let  me  quote  you  prices  on  a  Galloway  Spreader 
to  suit  the  size  of  your  farm.  I’ve  got  the  one  for  you.  I’ll 
trust  you  to  try  it.  I’ll  put  it  all  up  to  you,  and  if  you  say  it’s  not  what  you 
want.  I’ll  take  it  back  and  you  don’t  lose  one  dollar  by  the  deal.  See  it 
work,  then  vou  know  what  it  is.  Here’s  what  you  will  find  out  : 

It’s  the  simplest  and  handiest— two  horses  can  handle 
it— spreads  any  kind  of  stuff— no  breakage  bills— lontf 
life  —  satisfaction  all  the  way— it’s  a  money-maker 
every  day  — it  pays  you  bid  profit  on  every  crop 
you  use  it.  Now  prove  this  out.  Find  out  that  you  can 
make  this  saving.  I  know  something  about  the  spreader  bus¬ 
iness  you  ought  to  know;  let  me  tell  you.  Write  me  and 
,  don’t  put  it  off  till  tomorrow.  — WM.  GALLOWAY 

WM.  GALLOWAY  CO.,  669  Galloway  Sta.,  Waterloo,  Iowa 

Let  Me  Tell  You  How  I  Divide  the  Melon  with  You 


IN  MEMORY  OF  THE  DEAD 


[Remember  the  sacred  duty  you  owe  the  dead  | 
REPUBLIC  CEMETERY  FENCES  AND  GATES 

Will  protect  and  beautify  the  resting  place  of  yourdeparted  loved 
ones.  They  are  inexpensive  and  almost  everlasting.  Made  of  large 
heavily  galvanised  rnst  proof  wires.  Exclnsive,  attractive  designs. 

Special  prices  to  churches  and  cemeteries. 

A  Postal  Will  Bring  OnrCatalog. 

Republic  Fence  4  Gate  Co.,  211  Republic  SL,  N.  Chicago,  Ill. 


iESSSsS 


STOUT— STRONG-DURABLE— CHEAP 

Brown  Fences  will  outlast  any  olher  because  of 
heavier  wires  and  thicker  galvanizing.  Investigate 
before  you  buy.  160  styles  for  all  purposes. 

Bargain  Prices-14c  Per  Rod  Up 

delivered  at  your  railway  station.  Send  today  for 
catalog  and  free  sample  for  test. 

THE  BROWN  FENCE  Sc  WIRE  CO.. 

Bopfc  59  _ CLEVELAND,  OHIO 


FENCE 


Strongest 

Maefe— 


Cents  a  Rod 

Forl8-ln.  14  8-4efor  22-in.  Hog 
Fence;  15e  for  26-lnch;  18  8-4e 
for  32-Inch;  25e  for  a  47-inch 
Farm  Fence.  48-lnch  Poultry- 
fence  28  l-2e.  Sold  on  30  days 
trial.  80  rod  spool  Ideal  Barb 
Wire  $1. 45  Catalogue  free. 

KITSELMAN  BROS., 

Box  230  MUNCIE,  IND. 


Madeof  High  Carbon  Double  Strength  a 

Colled  Wire.  Heavily  Galvanized  to 
prevent  rust.  Have  no  agents.  Sell  at 
factory  prices  on  30  days’  free  trial. 

We  pay  al  I  freight.  37  heights  of  farm 
and  poultry  fence.  Catalog  Free. 

COILED  SPRING  FENCE  CO. 

Box  263  Winchester,  Indiana.  I 


.  <•  D 


FROST 
WIRE  FENCES 

Extra  Heavy  Weight  Farm  Fences.  Unlit  I 
tor  service  and  satisfaction.  Quality  I 
first  consideration.  Best  material  and 
workmanship  used  in  our  Woven  j 
Wire  or  Field  Erected  Fencea  | 
Ask  vour  dealer.  FREE  catalog. 

THE  FROST  WIRE  FENCE  CO. 

Dspt.  H  Cleveland,  O. 


For  Best  EXTENSION  LADDER  "  rS??, T" 

JOHN  J.  POTTEIJ.U  Mill  St.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


,p*f re  j?°rn  iiiir.’N  *  n  -i«  ir<ij  .ii  ’ 

40  Acres  40  Acres  J  — 


Wheat 
30  Acres 


Oats  10  Acres 


■1  I 

U-.W  ■!«! 

nay 

. .  .  mtnm 

40 Acres  5**5 


1  I  Ah4« 

v.  t  W* 


r* 


Fences  cost  almost  nothing  compared 
with  results  obtained 

A  farm  of  160  acres  fenced  into  five  fields,  as  shown  in  the  diagram,  takes  1,040 
rods  of  fence.  At'  fairly  reasonable  prices  the  year’s  yield  from  this  farm  is; 

Wheat .  S600.00 

Oats  .  157.50 

Hogs .  400.00 

Cattle . 4000.00 

Market  value  of  year’s  crop . S2157.50 

Cost  of  complete  fence . $3SO 

Or,  in  ten  years,  value  of  yield  $21,575 — 
and  the  fence  still  good 

What  did  the  fence  do?  Besides  enclosing  the  fields  it  facilitated  crop 
rotations  and  the  feeding  of  stock.  Without  the  fence  the  same  profit  could  not 
have  been  realized  from  the  stock. 

Fences  cost  almost  nothing  compared  with  results  obtained. 

American  fence  is  made  better  than  ever.  It  is  a  thoroughly  galvanized  square  mesh 
fence  of  weight,  strength  and  durability.  Large  wires  are  used  and  the  whole  fabric  is 
woven  together  witli  the  American  hinged  joint  (patented) — the  most  substantial  and 
flexible  union  possible.  Botli  wires  are  positively  locked  and  firmly  held  against  side  slip 
and  yet  are  free  to  act  like  a  hinge  in  yielding  to  pressure,  returning  quickly  to  place 
without  bending  or  injuring  the  metal. 

i-\  1 _ Stocks  o£  American  Fence  are  carried  in  every  place  where 

Lfeaiers  EiVCryMTIlCre  farm  supplies  are  sold.  The  Fence  is  shipped  to  these  points 
in  carload  lots,  thereby  securing  the  cheapest  transportation,  and  the  saying  in  freight  thus  made 
enables  it  to  be  sold  at  the  lowest  prices.  Look  for  the  American  Fence  dealer  and  get  the 
substantial  advantages  he  is  enabled  to  offer.  He  is  there  to  serve  the  purchaser  in  person,  offer 
the  variety  of  selection  and  save  the  buyer  money  in  many  ways. 

FRANK  BAACKES,  Vice  President  and  General  Sales  Agent 

American  Steel  &  Wire  Company 

Chicago  New  York  Denver  San  Francisco 

Send  for  copy  of  “ American  Fence  News,"  profusely  illustrated,  denoted  to  the  interests  of  farmers  and  show- 
tjia  how  fence  may  be  employed  to  enhance  the  earning  power  of  a  farm.  Furnished  free  upon  applicate 


1911. 


117 


MARKETS 

Week  Ending  January  20,  1911. 


BUTTKK 

Price  dropped  two  cents  during  the  week, 
and  market  remains  unsettled  except  on  the 
higher  grades.  Retailers  are  selling  best 
print  at  ol  cents  and  tub  creamery  at  28. 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 26  ® 

Good  to  Choice . 24 

i.ower  Grades  . 21 

Storage . 19 

State  Dairy,  best . 24 

Common  to  Good . 19 

Factory . 16 

Packing  Stock .  . 14 


® 

@ 

® 

(at 


.4 1 
.25 
.28 
.25 
.25 
.28 
.18 
.17 


CHKKSK 

Trade  is  dull  and  holders  anxious  to 
clear  out  their  stock  on  hand.  Market  on 
medium  and  lower  grades  decidedly  in  buy¬ 
ers’  favor.  Full  cream  18  to  20  cents  re¬ 
tail. 

Full  Cream,  best . 15  @  .17 

Common  to  Good . 12  @  .13 

Skims . 05  @  .12 

EGGS 


Market  continues  in 

bad  shape. 

with 

heavy  supplies  of 

under 

grades. 

Retail 

price  for  best,  45 

cents ; 

others  3 

0 

cents 

up. 

White,  good  to  choice.. 

@ 

.35 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 

@ 

32 

Common  to  Good . 

(„ 

.30 

Storage . 

@ 

.22 

Western,  best . 

.34 

Under  grades . 

@ 

,2r 

BEANS 


Market  firm  and 
and  pea  somewhat 

trade  light, 
improved. 

Medium 

Marrow,  bu . 

®  2.50 
®  2.25 
@  2.30 
®  2.20 
®  3.40 
®  3.10 

Medium . 

Pea . 

Yellow  Eye . 

Red  Kidney .  . 

WbiteKidney . 

.  3.00 

HOPS 

Practically  no  business  is  being#done,  as 
the  few  stocks  in  first  hands  are  being 
held  above  quoted  prices. 

Prime  to  Choice . 26  @ 

Common  to  Good . 22  @ 

Pacific  Coast . 18  <® 

German  Crop,  1910 . 48  <si 


.28 

.25 

.22 

.50 


CIDER  VINEGAR 

New  York  prices  for  single  barrel  lots. 

Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 22  ® 

Standard  Grade . 13  @ 


.24 

.15 


DRIED  FRUITS 

Some  business  noted  in  prime  sun-dried 
Pennsylvania  quarters.  Fancy  evaporated 
largely  nominal. 

Apples,  evap.  fancy . 12  ®  13  • 

Evap..  com.  to  good . 06  @  .11 

Sun  Dried . 06  @  .07*4 

Chops . 04  lira)  .04*4 

Cores  and  Skins . 04  ffi  .04*4 

Raspberries . 28  <g*  .30 

Cherries . 15  ®  .18 

FRESH  FRUITS 

Supply  of  apples  offered  is  large,  but 
trade  is  active,  and  some  choice  barrelled 
fruit  is  selling  above  quotations.  Cran¬ 
berry  trade  dull,  as  might  be  expected 
after  the  holidays. 

Apples,  Ben  Davis,  bbl .  2  00  @  4.00 

King .  3.00  ®  5.25 

Greening .  3.00  ®  5.50 

York  Imperial . .  3.50  ®  5.50 

Baldwin .  3.00  ®  4.75 

Western — 

Newtown,  box .  1. 75  @  2.50 

Spitz,  box .  1.76  @  2.25 

Rome,  box .  1  .rO  @  2  50 

Winesap,  box . I.75  @  2.50 

Gano.  box  . . .  1.45  ®  1.75 

Cranberries — 

Cape  Cod.  bbl .  8.00  @10.00 

Long  Island,  bbl . .  8.50  ®  9.50 

Jersey,  bbl . 7.00  @  8.50 

Pears.  Kieffer.  hbl .  1.50  @  3.25 

Straw beiries,  Fla.,  qt. .  .50  ®  .66 

HONEY 

Trade  light,  best  clover  retailing  at  20 
cents,  and  dark  15  to  18. 

White  Clover,  lb . 12 

Buckwheat,  lb . 09 

Extracted,  lb . 07 

VEGETABLES 

Potato  receipts  large  and  market  very 
weak.  Cabbage  plenty  and  selling  slowly. 
Potatoes  at  retail  $1  to  $1.25  per  bushel ; 
cabbage  per  head  10  to  15  cents. 

Potatoes— N.  Y.  State,  180  lbs .  1.37 

Long  Island,  180  lbs .  1.50 

Bermuda,  bbl .  4.00 

Maine .  1.40 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bbl .  1.00 

Brussels  Sprouts,  qt . 05 

Beets,  new,  100  bunches . 2.00 

Carrots,  bbl .  l.Ou 

•  Southern,  new,  bbl .  1.50 

Cabbage— Danish  seed,  ton . 8.00 

Domestic .  6  00 

„  ‘fed . 30^ 

Celery,  doz . 15 

Chicory,  bbl .  2.00 

Escarol.  bbl . 3.00 

Endive,  French,  lb . 12 

Kale,  bbl .  1  00 

Kohlrabi,  Southern,  bbl . 3.00 

Lettuce. *4-bbi.  bkt .  2.25 

New  Orleans,  bbl .  2.50 

Peppers,  Southern,  bn . 3.00 

Onions,  Orange  Co.,  bag . , .  1.50 

Conn.  White,  bbl .  4.00 

White  pickle,  bu . 75 

Peas.  Fla.,  bu . 3.00 

Komaine,  Southern,  *4  bbl .  1.50 

String  BeaDs,  bu .  2.25 

Spinach,  bbl . '  2  50 

Squash,  bbl .  I.75 

Turnins,  Rutabaga,  bbl .  75 

White,  bbl .  l.Oo 

Leeks,  Southern,  100  bunches .  2.00 

Egg  Plants,  Fla.,  box .  4.00 

Parsnips,  bbl  .  1  75 

Parsley  bbl . 2.00 

HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 
Mushrooms  in  large  supply  and 


1.62 
@  2.00 
®  6.00 
«  1.75 
@  2.50 
®  .12 
®  4.00 
®  1.50 
®  2.00 
®12.00 
@  9.00 
®35.00 
@  .55 
@  3.00 
@  3.50 
®  .13 
®  1.25 
@  4.00 
@  3  00 
@  3.00 
®  4.00 
®  2.25 
@  6.00 
®  1.00 
®  5.00 
@  2.00 
@  3.25 
®  4.50 
®  2.26 
@  1.00 
®  1.50 
®  3.00 
®  6.00 
@  2.25 
®  4. 00 


THE  RURAh  NEW-YORKER 

DRESSED  POULTRY 
of  fresh  stock  moderate,  and 
Fancy  turkeys  and  chickens 


roast- 


poor. 


fancy.  Cucum- 


Tomatoes  lower  except  for 
hers  at  retail  15  cents  each 
Cucumbers,  best,  doz., .  1  75 

.15  @  .30 
4.00 

.35 
.76 


cucumbers,  best,  doz., .  I.75  ®  2  00 

Mushrooms,  lb . .  ^  83 

Radishes,  100  bunches . 24X)  @ 

Tomatoes,  lb .  K,  % 

Rhubarb,  doz  bunches . 


15 

60 


live  poultry 

1  rade  dull.  Market  weak  and  unsettled. 
Chickens,  lb . .  & 

Boosters.*.* " "  ’  . JS  ® 

Ducks....  . ]V  ® 

Geese .  .*.*.* . Jx 

Turkeys.  . Jj? 


@ 

« 

@ 


•13*4 

.16 

.11 

.16 

.14 

.16 


Receipts 
business  fair. 

scarce.  Turkey  at  retail,  28  to 
ing  chickens  22  to  25. 

Turkeys.  Fancy . 2* 

Common  to  Good . . 18 

Chickens,  roasting....... . 18 

Common  to  Good . 13 

Fancy  broilers,  lb . 25 

Fowls . : .  12 

Capons,  best,  lb . 24 

Medium  grades . 22 

Small  and  Slips . 15 

Ducks,  Spring . 15 

Geese,  spring . 12 

Squabs,  doz .  2.00 

Guineas,  spring,  pair . 65 

GAME 

Ducks.  Canvas,  pair .  2.25 

Mallard,  pair .  1.00 

Red  Head .  1.50 

Rabbits,  pair . 25 

Jack  Rabbits,  pair . 50 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 
Choice  lambs  and  calves  scarce, 
one  cent  higher.  Lamb  chops  retail 
25  cents,  pork  loin  18  to  20. 

Calves,  good  to  prime . .14 

Common . 09 

Bambs.  hothouse,  head .  6.00 

Pork,  light . 12 

Medium  to  heavy . . 10 

Roasting  Pigs,  lb . 14 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Market  steady  on  choice  Timothy 
on  lower  grades. 

Hay,  No.  1,  ton . 21.00  ®  22.00 

NO.  2 . 19.00  @  20.00 

No.  3 . 16.00  ®  18.00 

Clover  Mixed . 12.00  ®  18  00 

Clover .  . 12.OO  ®  17.00 

Wild  Hay . 9.00  ®  10.00 

8traw,  Rye . 10.00  @  11.00 

Oat  and  Wheat .  8.00  ®  9.00 

MILL  FEED 

Spring  Bran,  ton .  25.50  ®  26.00 

Standard  Middlings .  25.75  ®  28.00 

Red  Dog . 28.00  @  29.00 

Hominy  Chop  ..: .  22.50  ®  23.50 

Din  seed  Meal .  35.OO  @  36.00 

Corn  Meal .  24.00  ®  26.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers.  100  lbs .  5.00 

Oxen  and  Stags . 4.00 

Cows .  2.40 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs .  8.00 

Culls  . 4.00 

Sheep,  100  lbs .  2.50 

Lambs .  6.30 

Hogs .  7.8O 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1.  Northern  Spring .  1.23 

No.  2,  Red .  1.00 

No.  1  Macaroui .  1.07 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 52 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 35 

Rye . 80 


Pork 
22  to 

@  .16  ' 
®  .12 
®  11 .50 
®  .12*4 
®  .11 
®  .17 


dull 


@  6.70 
@  5.00 
@  4.50 
@11.00 
®  7.00 
@  4.50 
®  7.00 
@  8.90 


@ 

@ 

® 


@ 


.53 

.40 

.85 


Away  with  mystery! 

You  have  a  right  to  know 
what  your  roofing  is  made  of. 
That’s  the  real  way  to  make 
sure  it  will  last, 

Genasco 

Ready  Roofing 

is  made  of  Trinidad  Lake  asphalt — 
Nature’s  everlasting  waterproofer. 
You  know  this  natural  asphalt  will  last 
in  a  roof. 

The  Kant-Ieak  Kleet  insures  against 
leaky  seams.  Does  away  with  cement. 
Supplied  with  Genasco,  when  speci¬ 
fied. 

Look  for  the  trade-mark  at  your  dealer’s. 
Mineral  and  smooth  surface.  Insist  on  Gen¬ 
asco.  A  written  guarantee — if  you  want  it. 
VV  rite  for  samples  and  the  Good  Roof  Guide 
Book. 

THE  BARBER  ASPHALT 
PAYING  COMPANY 

largest  producers  of  asphalt,  and  largest 
manufacturers  of  ready  roofing  in  the  world. 

PHILADELPHIA 

New  York  San  Francisco  Chicago 

Cross-section,  Genasco  Smooth-surface  Roofing 


■■■■■I  Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 
y==-.*===V^=  Asphalt-saturated  Wool  Felt 
Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 


And  Now  Ty 

World’s  Champion 
140-Egg  Incubator 

Complete  tor  Only  $ 

WHY  buy  any  other 
incubator  at  any 


Train  Your  Colt 

in  8  Hours— Break  Your 
Horse  of  Any  Bad  Habits 

by  my  simple  method.  I  can  teach  you  to  break 
any  colt  in  8  hours  thru  my  wonderful  mail  sys¬ 
tem,  or  break  your  horse 
of  any  bad  habits,  such  as 
balking,  kicking,  shying, 
being  afraid  of  automo¬ 
biles;  in  fact,  any  habit  can  be 
cured  by  my  method. 

Instructions  complete  and  simple; 
mastered  in  a  short  time  with  little 
study. 

$1 ,200  to  $3,000  a  Year 

At  Home  or  Traveling 

Several  of  my  pupils  are  making  big  money 
giving  exhibitions  in  different  cities.  Others 
train  horses  at  home,  making  S15  to  £25  a  head. 
You  can  do  the  same. 

I  have  graduate  pupils  in  every  walk  in  life— 
Farmers,  Professional  Horse  Trainers,  Horse 
Breeders,  Biding  Masters,  Teamsters,  etc. 

I  have  two  couiyes — one,  “How  to  Train  a  Oolt  to 
Drive,  and  Break  Horses  of  Bad  Habits”— the  other. 

How  to  Ride  and  Train  the  Saddle  Horse;  Different 
Gaits  and  Fancy  Steps  ” 

Let  me  send  you  my  Free  Book  on  horses,  and  the 
opportunities  open  to  you.  Write  today,  now,  while 
you  think  of  it,  for  Free  Book.  Also  tell  me  about 
your  horse.  ^ 

Prof.  Jesse  Beery.  Box  57,  Pleasant  Hill.  Ohio 


J.  V.  ROHAN,  Pres. 


price?  Why  not 
own  a  World’s  Cham¬ 
pion  Belle  City?  Yet, 
my  price  is  only  S7.55 
and  remember,  I  furnish 
you  a  big,  full  size  140- 
egg  machine  at  that 
,,  figure. 

Mrs.  M.J.  Clifton  of  Quinlan,  Oklahoma, 
settled  the  world’s  championship  by  winning 
the  Successful  Farming  Hatching  Contest 
against  all  other  machines,  March  29, 1910,  by 
hatching  140  chickens— the  full  ca pacity  of  her 
machine  a  140-egg  Belle  City  Incubator. 

Many  other  machines  were  in  the  contest- 
other  machines  had  high  scores — but  710 


Freight  Paid 
E.  ol 
Rockies 


other  machine  hatched 
its  full  capacity — 140- 
egg  size— 140  eggs  set 
— 140  chicks  hatched. 

Why  pay  much  more 
than  my  price  for  as 
large  a  capacity  as 
the  Belle  City,  or  the 
same  price  for  a  much  smaller  machine,  and 
yetget  an  unknown  hatcher?  I  takegreat  pride 
in  the  fact  that  I  have  started  thousands  and 
thousands  of  people  in  the  money-making, 
poultry  raising-  business,  at  small  expense, 
for  their  complete  outfit.  What  you  want  is 
a  hatching  outfit  that  is  right  in  every  detail 
—that  s  known  to  be  perfect,  yet  simple  in  its 
operation — that  will  make  a  success  from  the 
very  start,  out  of  your  very  first  hatch. 


Complete  Hatching  Outfit— My  $7.55  Belle  City 
Incubator  and  $4.85  Brooder,  Ordered  Together 
Only  $11.50 — Freight  Prepaid  East  of  Rockies 


Let  me  ship  you  one  of  these  complete 
outfits,  all  freight  charges  prepaid,  to  your 
station,  on  90  days’  free  trial.  The  Belle  City 
Incubator  is  an  old,  tried,  tested,  proven 
machine.  I  have  been  in  the  incubator 
business  and  my  machines  have  been 
on  the  market  for  28  years.  I  print  thou¬ 
sands  of  testimonials  and  photographs 
of  people  who  are  using  my  machines  in 
my  printed  matter.  My  plan  is  quick  sales 
and  a  lot  of  them  at  a  low  price. 

A  brief  description  of  the  Championship 
Belle  City  Incubator  is  as  follows: 

Double  walls — dead  air  space  all  over — 
copper  tank  and  boiler — hot-water  heater — 


tester— burner  and  safety  lamp  included. 

The  Belle  City  140-chick  Brooder  is  the 
only  one  having  double  walls  and  dead  air 
spaces.  I  guarantee  it  to  raise  more  healthy 
chicks  than  any  other  brooder  made.  Hot- 
water  top  heat  large,  roomy,  wire  runway- 
yard,  with  platform— metal  safety  lamp  and 
burner. 

I  will  be  glad  to  send  my  literature  of  this 
complete  hatching  outfit  free,  giving  you  all 
the  information  you  may  want.  I  advise 
£OUyto„8ret  your  outfit  early-  Have  it  on 
hand  all  ready  to  run  when  your  eggs  are 
ready. 

I  have  sold  thousands  of  machines  direct 


best  regulator— deep,  roomy  nursery—  strong  from  mv  advertisement  r1..r„„n„ 

fb w,y7>hi8:h  ^s-double  door-and  every-  reads  farm  papers  knows  that  I  am  resoon- 

thenRpi1ittrR^y^”r<i0n-??bincubator— allin  sible-  If  you  want  to.  you  take  no  risk  in 
the  Belle  City.  Tycos  thermometer— egg  ordering  direct  from  this  advertisement 


Thousands  Order  Direct  From  This  Advertisement 


and  Save  Money.  Why  Not  You  ? 


By  ordering  my  Championship  Belle 
City  Incubator  and  Brooder  together,  you 
get  the  complete  outfit  for  S1I.50— freight 
charges  prepaid— (E.  of  Rockies.)  This 
saves  you  90  cents  on  the  regular  price  of 
the  incubator  and  brooder  and  gets  the  out¬ 
fit  delivered  to  you  at  your  station,  all  freight 
charges  prepaid — be  ready  to  run  when  your 
eggs  are  ready  to  set. 

By  ordering  from  this  advertisement,  you 
save  time,  save  money,  do  away  with  pos¬ 
sible  delay  in  getting  your  machine  r  nd  take 
no  risk,  because  I  guarantee  to  refund  your 
money  at  the  end  of  90  days’  free  test  if 
everything  about  my  complete  hatching 
outfit  is  not  exactly  as  represented  in  this 
advertisement. 

You  can  hold  me  to  every  claim  made 
here.  The  editors  of  this  paper  protect 
your  interests  and  stand  back  of  me  and 
my  factory  in  guaranteeing  to  do  as  repre¬ 
sented.  Why  not  cut  out  this  advertise¬ 
ment,  keep  it  for  reference,  send 


your  order,  get  your  outfit 
be  ready  for  the  season. 


at  once,  and 


I  Guarantee  the  Belle  City  Incubator 
to  outhatch  any  machine  made— 
when  operated  under  like  condi¬ 
tions— no  matter  what  kind  or  what 
the  price.  Your  money  back  if  this 
test  proves  untrue. 


me 


140-Chick 
Brooder 
$4.85 


3T  'v— — 


m*. 


t  -m 


4" 


11140- 

Egg 

Incu¬ 

bator 

$7.55 


I  ship  quick  from  Buffalo,  Kansas 
City,  St.  Paul  or  Racine — 

And  I  Guarantee  to  ship  all  orders 
sent  from  this  ad  on  day  received. 


The  Largest  Manufacturer  in  the  World  ot  140-Egg  Incubators 
—the  Best  Size  Under  All  Conditions. 

I.  V.  ROHAN,  President 

Belle  City  Incubator  Co.,  Box  48  Racine,  Wis. 


Get  Your  Share  ol 
$1,000,000,000 
Chicken  Money 


CYPHERS 


—In  1911.  Poultry  and  eggs  bring  handsome 
prices— steadily.  The  farmer  is  the  natural 
poultiyman.  Eggs  and  poultry  are  staple  crops 
tor  hun.  But  go  into  poultry  raising  in  dead 
earnest— with  the  right  equipment. 

Incubators 
and  Brooders 
are  the  World’s  Standard  Hatchers — tried  and 
proved;  fireproof,  insurable,  guaranteed  . 

Genuine,  non-moisture  machines  —  self-ven¬ 
tilating,  self-regulating. 

Used  by  more  Government  Experiment  Sta¬ 
tions,  more  large  poultry  plants,  more  leading 
fanciers,  than  all  others  put  together. 

The  Cyphers  is  always  the  final  choice  of  the 
poultryman  or  woman  who  ?nea7is  business.  It’s 
true  economy  to  start  right. 

Send  today  ror  our  Big  Free 
Book— ‘‘Profitable  Poultry  Rais¬ 
ing,”  and  complete  catalog  of 
Cyphers  Incubators,  Brooders 
and  Standard  Supplies.  Address 
nearest  office. 

Cyphers  Incubator  Co.,  Dept.  38 

Buffalo,  X.  Y.,New  York  City,  Chicago, Ill., 

Booton, Mass., Kansas  City , Mo ,,  Oakland, Cal. 


•nd  Free  Book 


tor 


40%. 


rx 

%. 


STANDARD 

^CYPHERS  INCU8ATDR.1 
fir*  Preoftdr  ln«ura  M*.  | 


MAKE  HENS  LAYH 

more  eggs;  larger,  more  vigorous  chicks; 
heavier  fowls,  by  feeding  cut  bone. 

MAUII’C  latest  model 

HI HHll  O  BONE  CUTTER 

—  cuts  fast,  easy,  tine ;  never  clogs. 

I  Days'  Fro.  Trial.  No  money  in  advance.  Book  free. 

SF.  W.MANN  CO.,  Box  15,  MILFORD,  MASS.  M 


LIFE  PRODUCERS 

SUCCESSFUL  INCUBATORS 

LIFE  PRESERVERS 

SUCCESSFUL  BROODERS 

The  only  machines  that  rival  the  mother 
hen.  Sold  on  a  Dlrect-to- You  Fac- 
Prlce.  Gel  our  Big  FREE  Incubator  Book  and  save 
.  Send  postal  now.  Booklet, “Proper  Care  and  Feeding 
of  small  Chicks.  Ducks  and  Turkeys"  sent  for  10c. 

OES  MOINES  INCUBATOR  CO  ,  80  Second  SI..  Dei  Moines,  la. 

125  Egg  Incubator 
and  Brooder  3VJr 

I  If  ordered  together  we  send 
[both  for  $10.  Freight 
'paid  east  of  Rockies.  Hot 
water,  copper  tanks,  double  walls, 
double  glass  doors.  Free  catalog 
describes  them.  Send  for  it  today. 

Wisconsin  Incubator 

118,  '  Racine, 


1  CC  Egg  Incubator  $1  125 
1%/s./  Chick  Brooder  1 1 
KRK1GHT  PREPAID  (East  of  Rockies) 


The  Progressive  has  cold  rolled  copper 
tank,  hot  water  heat,  double  disc  regulator, 
self  ventilating,  deep  nursery,  high  legs, 
double  doors,  safety  lamp.  It  is  made  from 
Special  Heat  and  Cold  Resisting  Material 
with  hundreds  of  dead  air  cells.  Write  today. 

PROGRESSIVE  INCUBATOR  CO.,  Box  145  Racine,  WIs. 

G.  C.  WHEELER,  Manager. 


118 


"THE;  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


January  28, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


We  have  on  file  at  least  50  letters 
with  money  from  people  who  forgot  to 
sign  their  names.  Whenever  we  get  a 
letter  accusing  us  of  taking  money  with¬ 
out  giving  credit,  we  look  through  this 
file  and  usually  find  a  letter  from  the 
same  post  office  written  in  the  same 
hand.  We  all  make  mistakes  of  this 
kind  at  times,  from  the  mail  boy  to  the 
post  office  clerk.  If  things  are  not  right, 
write  us,  politely,  if  you  can  summon 
the  grace,  but  write  anyway.  We  would 
like  to  dispose  of  this  idle  money. 

On  January  6,  1908,  I  skipped  a  crate  of 
eggs  to  Wilmington,  Del.,  by  Adams  Express 
Company,  which  was  never  delivered  and 
never  settled  for  by  the  express  company. 
The  value  is  $9.85.  I  would  be  glad  if  you 
could  collect  the  bill.  J.  w.  s. 

Delaware. 

This  complaint  came  to  us  just  two 
years  after  the  shipment.  We  effected 
settlement  in  three  months.  The  ship¬ 
per  was  unable  to  get  any  redress  di¬ 
rect. 

The  agent  here  has  settled  my  claim  in 
full  against  the  Adams  Express  Company. 
Thanking  you  for  the  interest  you  have 
taken  in  the  matter,  I  am  sincerely  yours, 
Connecticut.  g.  b.  d. 

This  complaint  was  for  loss  of  a 
bird  and  cage  in  shipment.  T  he  ex¬ 
press  company  at  first  disclaimed  re¬ 
sponsibility,  but  after  investigation  we 
insisted  on  settlement,  and  the  company 
settled.  The  claim  was  for  $12.50. 

I  am  having  some  correspondence  with 
the  Wood,  Harmon  Co.,  of  201  Broadway, 
about  lots  at  West  Brownsville,  and  be¬ 
fore  I  close  any  deal  would  like  to  have 
your  opinion  of  the  location  and  the  pros¬ 
pect  for  any  advance  in  prices  in  that  part 
of  Long  Island.  investok.  . 

U.  S.  A. 

This  investor  is  a  long  distance  from 
New  York,  and  there  is  absolutely 
nothing  in  the  lots  referred  to  that 
would  in  our  judgment  make  them  a 
good  investment  for  him  or  anyone 
similarly  situated.  A  mechanic  or  clerk 
on  small  salary  employed  in  the  city, 
and  with  capital  enough  to  build,  might 
be  able  to  buy  such  a  lot  and  live  on  it 
long  enough  to  see  the  property  worth 
the  cost.  But  even  such  an  investor 
would  be  able  to  buy  a  home  for  its 
present  value,  and  one  that  he  could  sell 
for  about  the  cost,  if  lie  wished  later 
to  do  so.  Long  Island  is  covered  with 
lots  which  were  originally  sold  by  pro¬ 
motion  companies,  and  which  have  since 
been  sold  for  taxes.  If  you  want  to 
know  how  badly  you  would  get  stuck 
on  buying  Long  Island  lots,  send  $10  to 
a  reliable  real  estate  appraiser  and  get 
an  appraisal  of  the  lots.  It  will  be  a 
better  investment  than  the  lots. 

It  develops  that  the  chief  in  charge  of 
the  Monaton  Realty  Investing  Corporation, 
whose  offices  are  in  the  Times  Building, 
New  York  City,  is  Pierre  M.  Looker.  This 
information  will  not  be  hailed  with  shouts 
of  delight  after  it  becomes  known  that  Mr. 
Looker  has  been  a  close  associate  of  An¬ 
drew  D.  Meloy,  George  C.  Power  and  Dr. 
Richard  C.  Flower,  the  last  mentioned  per¬ 
son  having  a  notorious  reputation  in  finan¬ 
cial  circles  and  even  now  is  a  fugitive  from 
justice.  Looker  is  president  of  the  cor¬ 
poration.  Associated  with  him  are  two 
ministers,  the  Rev.  John  C.  Chapman,  of 
the  Presbyterian  faith,  and  the  Rev.  Charles 
E.  Nash,  a  Baptist  clergyman.  The  Mon¬ 
aton  Corporation  has  been  offering  unusual 
prolits  from  its  real  estate  operations.  .On 
December  31,  1909,  it  claimed  assets  of 

-$1  462.809,  but  no  one  can  tell  whether 
these  assets  are  inflated  and  for  how  much 
as  there  never  has  been  a  conservative  ap¬ 
praisal  made  by  competent  real  estate  ex¬ 
perts.  The  personnel  of  the  board  of  di¬ 
rectors  is  not  one  to  carry  assurances  that 
it  is  a  management  capable  of  making  a 
permanent  success  in  the  real  estate  busi¬ 
ness. — Financial  World,  New  York. 

Tiie  above  is  reproduced  for  the 
benefit  of  subscribers  who  have  been 
requested  to  loan  the  concern  money  on 
certificates  or  notes.  The  1'inancial 
World  confirms  what  we  have  hereto¬ 
fore  advised.  Do  not  put  your  money 
into  things  that  you  cannot  control  and 
know  nothing  about. 

There  are  two  men  in  this  vicinity  so¬ 
liciting  for  a  co-operative  creamery.  They 
want  55  stockholders  at  $100  each,  and 
agree  to  build  and  equip  a  factory.  Do  you 
think  this  a  good  investment  for  a  farmer  t 
What  can  you  tell  me  about  the  success 
generally  of  such  a  scheme.  g.  v. 

New  York. 

As  no  names  are  given  we  can  say 
nothing  definite  about  this  particular 
project.  The  size  and  expense  of  the 
creamery  should  depend  on  the  amount 
of  milk  available.  The  rule  is  that  these 
creamery  promoters  build  too  large  and 
too  expensive,  and  charge  altogether 
too  much  in  the  way  of  profit  for  them¬ 
selves.  They  collect  their  money,  and 
leave  the  farmers  with  an  expensive 
property  to  operate  and  with  such  a 
heavy  capitalization  that  they  are  handi¬ 
capped  from  the  start.  Want  of  ex¬ 
perience  often  adds  to  the  difficulty,  and 
dissatisfaction,  discouragement  and  loss 
often  follow.  This  is  much  of  the  ex¬ 
perience  of  the  past.  And  yet  coopera¬ 
tive  creameries  are  a  success  where  care¬ 


fully  organized  and  managed.  To  do 
this  farmers  should  organize  their  own 
company  and  secure  estimates  from 
good  reliable  supply  houses  for  equip¬ 
ment.  In  this  way  the  producers  get 
some  experience  as  they  go  along,  and 
are  in  much  better  position  to  start  the 
business  successfully  than  they  are 
when  the  plant  is  thrown  on  their  hands 
all  complete.  Besides,  they  can  organize 
for  a  half  or  a  third  of  the  money 
which  the  promoters’  plant  will  cost 
them,  and  of  course,  start  off  with  a 
lighter  financial  load. 

Last  month  the  Capital  Investment 
Company,  Chicago,  Ill.,  was  raided  by 
Federal  Inspectors,  and  Sithman  McHie, 
its  alleged  head,  was  arrested  and  put 
under  $10,000  bail  under  the  charge  of 
running  a  bucket  shop. 

You  have  been  selected  as  one  of  a  lim¬ 
ited  number  to  whom  I  may  offer  a  building 
lot  in  the  estate.  Would  you  like  to  receive 
one  of  these  lots  as  an  advertising  pre¬ 
mium?  If  so  apply  at  once. 

Boston,  Mass.  william  s.  jackson. 

A  New  Hampshire  subscriber  asks  us 
what  we  think  of  the  above.  It  i9  an 
old  fake  that  has  been  worked  over  and 
over  for  years.  When  you  make  the  ap¬ 
plication  you  will  find  that  in  order  to 
get  the  one  lot  free,  you  must  either  buy 
another  and  pay  more  for  it  than  both 
are  worth,  or  pay  enough  for  deed  and 
recording  to  give  them  a  good  profit  on 
the  lot. 


POULTRY 

TRUTHS 


1 


After  all,  it’s  the 
TRUTH— the  plain 
unvarnished  prac¬ 
tical  facts  about 
poultry-raising,  that 
you  want,  not  theories 
advanced  by  writers 
who  too  often  have  “an  axe 
to  grind.” 

Mr.  S.  B.  Twining,  a  lead¬ 
ing  authority  on  practical 
poultry-raising  for  profit,  has 
written  a  valuable  book  that 
gives  readers  the  benefit  of  his 
life-long  experience — a  plain, 
honest  statement  of  facts. 

Every  phase  of  the  poultry  business 
covered  including  Capon  Culture. 

POULTRY  TRUTHS  is  being  sold 
on  its  merits— no  connection  with  any 
publication  or  advertising  scheme. 

Y’ou’ll  find  it  profitable  to  read 
this  book.  No  other  book  contains 
so  much  practical, reliable  advice. 

$1  flfl  PER  COPY 
I  lUU  POSTPAID 

Send  for  Tour  Copy  Today . 

AFT0N  FARMS,  Box  0-1. 

Yardley,  Pa. 


19  i 


MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  line  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1844 
R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 


Poultry  Paper-Sample  Free 

HAWKINS  PUB.  CO.,  Amityville,  N.  Y. 


Revelations  in  the  affairs  of  Joseph  G. 
Robin,  the  New  York  banker,  whose 
Northern  Bank  with  its  nine  branches 
and  $7,000,000  of  deposits  is  now  closed 
and  under  control  of  the  State  Banking 
Department,  will  serve  as  a  caution  to 
those  who  are  tempted  to  buy  lots  on  in¬ 
stallment  payment  plans.  Robin  also  con¬ 
trolled  the  Washington  Savings  Bank 
and  two  real  estate  promoting  com¬ 
panies,  the  Bankers’  Realty  and  Security 
Co.  and  the  Fidelity  Development  Com¬ 
pany.  Robin  is  said  to  have  given  the 
Washington  Savings  Bank  two  mort¬ 
gages  for  $99,560  and  $19,250  respect¬ 
ively  on  Bronx  real  estate,  but  did  not 
have  the  mortgages  recorded.  He  then 
went  on  selling  the  land  on  the  install¬ 
ment  plan.  In  such  cases  of  course  no 
title  is  given  to  the  lots  and  all  the  pur¬ 
chasers  have  for  their  money  is  a  con¬ 
tract  with  Robin  to  deliver  deed  when 
the  final  payment  has  been  made.  The 
revelations  of  bankruptcy  come  out  with 
sufficient  regularity  to  emphasize  our 
repeated  advice  to  buy  no  land  or  lots 
from  promoters  without  a  full  investiga¬ 
tion  of  the  land  and  the  company,  and 
the  environment.  If  the  investigation  is 
thorough,  then  you  probably  will  not 
buy.  No  business  man  would  pay  out 
money  on  those  installment  contracts  for 
future  delivery  of  either  lots  or  bonds. 

Following  deliberations  which  covered 
more  than  four  hours,  a  jury  in  Criminal 
Court  No.  1  announced  that  it  had  found 
John  N.  Huston,  former  Treasurer  of  the 
United  States;  Harvey  M.  Lewis  and  Ev¬ 
erett  Dufour  guilty  of  the  charge  of  using 
the  mails  of  the  United  States  in  a  scheme 
to  defraud.  According  to  the  evidence  at 
the  trial,  Lewis  was  the  moving  factor  in 
the  operation  of  the  National  Trust  Com¬ 
pany  of  Washington,  D.  C.,  the  National 
Trust  Companv.  of  Delaware,  the  Enter¬ 
prise  Trust  Company,  the  Mutual  Securities 
Company  and  the  American  Finance  Com¬ 
pany.  Huston,  by  virtue  of  his  previous 
connection  with  the  Treasury  Department, 
allowed  his  name  to  be  used  both  as  presi¬ 
dent  of  some  of  the  concerns  and  a  mem¬ 
ber  of  the  board  of  directors.  Dufour.  who, 
while  not  openly  identified  with  the  financ¬ 
ing  concerns,  according  to  the  contention  of 
the  Government,  advertised  extensively  for 
the  privilege  of  disposing  of  corporate 
stocks  and  bonds  of  concerns  wishing  to 
procure  money  to  conduct  their  business. 
In  replying  to  prospective  clients,  Dufour. 
who  is  a  member  of  the  Washington  bar 
intimated  that  bis  task  in  disposing  of 
their  stock  would  be  lightened  if  they  could 
arrange  to  have  the  same  guaranteed.  In 
about  a  week  the  client  would  receive  a 
letter  from  oue  of  the  “trust  companies,’ 
agreeing  to  guarantee  his  stock  along  the 
lines  suggested  bv  Dufour.  The  Washing¬ 
ton  office  of  the  'National  Trust  Company, 
at  1421  F  street  Nortfiwest,  following  com¬ 
plaints  registered  with  the  Fostoffice  De¬ 
partment  bv  several  concerns  which  claimed 
thev  had  been  duped,  was,  on  September  21, 
1909,  raided  by  Chief  Postoffice  Inspector 
Carter  B.  Keene  and  Detectives  Frank 
Helan  and  Clifford  Grant,  of  the  District 
Attorney’s  staff.  Lewis’  arrest  followed. 
He  wasTater  released  on  bail,  furnished  by 
James  J.  Fletcher,  of  Washington.  Com¬ 
plaints  were  filed  a  year  ago  with  the  postal 
inspectors  by  parties  who  said  they  had 
been  duped,  and  arrests  followed. 

Since  the  above  report  in  the  daily 
papers,  Huston  has  been  allowed  a  new 
trial  on  the  ground  that  it  did  not  ap¬ 
pear  from  the  evidence  that  he  had  per¬ 
sonal  knowledge  of  fraud.  The  others 
have  filed  notice  of  appeal.  Lewis  is 
said  to  have  been  a  resident  of  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.  The  Post  Office  Department  is 
certainly  doing  good  work  these  days 
on  such  cases,  and  with  a  little  intelli¬ 
gence  on  the  part  of  the  people  this 
wholesale  fraudulent  business  as  now 
conducted  through  the  mails  will  be 
checked.  But  the  dupes  do  not  get  their 
money  back.  Better  keep  it.  j.  J.  d. 


LAKEHILL  FARM 

W.  H.  THACHKK. 

Single  and  Hose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W.  P.  Hocks 
and  Imp.  Pekin  Ducks.  Cockerels  and  Ducks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  in  any  quantity  from  $2  up. 
Chicks.  $15  per  100.  Ducklings,  $25  per  100.  Write 
for  special  prices  in  large  lots.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  of  hatching  eggs  and  day  old  chicks 
and  ducklings.  S:ife  delivery  guaranteed.  Satis¬ 
faction.  CAHL  W.  LLOYD,  Mgr.,  HILLSIDE, 
Westchester  County,  N.  Y. 


—35  Best  Breeds.  Bred  for  Laying. 
Large  circular  illustrated  in  colors 


POULTRY 

Free.  JOHN  E.  HEATWOLE,  Harrisonburg,  Va. 


, — Fawn  and  White, 
heavy  laying  strain. 
)  per  13;  $8.00  per  100.  F.  J.  FULLEK, 
Waterport,  Orleans  County,  New  Yoik. 


Indian  Runner  Ducks- 


ARGE  TOULOUSE  GEESE,  White  Wyandotte  Cockerels 
,  and  White  P.  Hock  Hens  and  Cockerels  for  sale. 
Prices  low  for  quality.  E.  Schieber.  R.  2,  Bucyrus,  Ohio, 


White  Leghorns  (Young’s 

_  :erels,  trie 

L.  MOORE,  Route  1,  Elleuville,  N.Y. 


For  Sale-  Strain).  Cockerel  s,  trio s  an d  eggs 

for  hatching. 


FOR  SALE 


Onn  Buff  and  Barred  P.  Rock  and 
OUU  white  and  Partridoe  Wyandottes 

Inspection  solicited.  Price  reasonable,  isatisxac- 
tion  guaranteed.  Dr.  S.  C.  JNIoyer,  Lansdale,  i  a. 


Thoroughbred  Mammoth 

and  fine  plumage. 


Bronze  Turkeys— heavy  bone 
Mrs.  Floyd  Kirby,  Draper,  Va 


THE  FARMER’S  FOWL-Rose  Comb  P.eds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 


Free  Poultry  Catalogue 

EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS  MARIETTA  PA. 


jWNLANl)  FARM’S  White  and  Buff  Wyandottes, 
'  Indian  Runner  Ducks.  Famous  “Win  and  Lay" 


Strains. 

0WNLAND 


All  stock  subject  to  approval. 

FARM,  Box  497.  South  H 


Price-List. 

ammond,  New  York. 


Pure  Bred  Bronze  Turkeys 

From  Prize-winning  Strains.  Stamp. 

MRS.  HARRIET  CHUMBLEY,  Draper,  Va. 


rnnn  BROWN  and  White  Leghorn  Hens;  Giant  Bronze 
OUUU  and  White  Holland  Turkeys.  Bred  for  heavy 
winter  layers.  Numbers  to  suit.  Prices  reasonable. 

THE  AMERICAN  POULTRY  PLANT,  Collins,  Ohio 


COLUMBIAN  WYANDOTTES— Beauty  &  utility  combined. 
Splendid,  vigorous  Cockerels  and  Pens  mated.  Ad¬ 
dress  Halph  Woodward,  Box  28,  Grafton,  Mass. 


G 


KAY’S  SILVER  QUILL  White  Rocks,  White 

'  ® 

New  York 


Wyandottes,  White  Holland  ^Tirrke^  ^and 


Berkshire  Pigs  at  bargain  prices. 
STOCK  FARM,  Box  A,  Groveland, 


Lt.  Brahmas,  White  P.  Rocks,  B,  P.  Rocks, 

Fine  Birds.  J.  A.  ROBERTS,  Malvern,  Pa 


WHITE  LEGHORNS 

- AND - 

PEKIN  DUCKS 


We 


will  have 
in  i  s  i  n  g 


pro 

hatched  Single  Comb 


some 

April 


White  Leghorn  Cock 
erels  at  $2.00  and  $3.00 
each;  grand  early 
hatched  Barred  Rock  Cockerels  sired  by  10  pound 
cocks  for  $3.00  and  $5.00  each.  Remember  our 
strain  of  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks,  Madison  Square 
Garden  Blue  Ribbon  Winners,  is  second  to  none. 
Have  1,000  now  to  select  from.  Orders  booked  for 
early  dolivery  of  batching  eggs  in  any  quantity  or 
day-old  chicks  and  ducklings.  Also  Bronze  Turkeys 
and  their  eggs  for  sale.  Incubators  10,000  eggs  ca¬ 
pacity.  Cyphers  agents.  Correspondence  invited. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.  The  only  large  successful 
plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City.  Bonnie 
Brae  Poultry  Farm,  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 


RICHLAND  FARMS,  Frederick,  Md. 

Breeders  and  Exhibitors  of 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS, 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS, 

S.  C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS. 

WINNINGS— Madison  Square  Garden,  N.Y.,  1910 — 

4th  Pen-S.  C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS. 

5th  Pen-WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS. 

Baltimore,  Md.,  1911— 

1st  Pen— 2d  PULLET  and  5th  COCKEREL 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS  (three  entries). 

We  are  now  booking  orders  for 

HATCHING  EGGS  and  DAY-OLD  CHICKS. 

We  have  for  sale  at  moderate  prices  the  best  lot 
of  breeding  Cockerels  that  we  have  ever  offered. 


Just  Look 
At  The  Eggs  We  Are 
Getting 

since  we  have  been  giving 
our  hens 

Fairfield’s  Blood  Tonic 
And  Egg  Producer 

The  “Scientific,,  poultry- 
conditioner  that  stimulates  the 
egg  producing  organs,  per¬ 
fects  digestion  and  prevents 
and  cures  all  poultry  diseases 
by  removing  the  cause. 

A  Separate  Preparation  For 
Each  Kind  Of  Animal 

FAIRFIELD’S 

Blood  Tonic  and  Egg  Producer 
For  Poultry  Only. 

Blood  Tonic  and  Regulator 
For  Horses  Only. 

Blood  Tonic  and  Milk  Producer 
For  Cattle  Only. 

Blood  Tonic  and  Fattener 
For  Hogs  Only. 

Nature’s  remedies.  They  in¬ 
sure  perfect  health,  increase 
production  and  save  feed  by 
perfecting  digestion  and  puri¬ 
fying  the  blood. 

Sold  under  guarantee 
Ask  your  dealer  for  them. 

FREE-Our  “Scientific  Poultry  Book” 
Worth  50c.  but  sent  free  for  name 
of  this  paper  and.  your  dealer. 

Fairfield  Manufacturing  Company 
505  South  Delaware  Ave., 
Philadelphia. 


Use  Fairfield’s  Roup  Remedy. 


_ E  FOODS 

aro  demanded  and  used  by  successful 
poultrymen  everywhere  because  our 
goods  are  reliable.  Every  ounce  of  grain  is 
clean  and  nourishing.  Lowest  prices.  Full 
weight.  Prompt  shiuments.  Satisfaction 
guaranteed.  Send  today  for  Booklet  and 
FREE  Souvenir.  Don’t  delay. 

TAYLOR  BROS.,  10  Market  Street,  CAMDEN,  N.  J. 


a  Mg 


M  AKA-SHEL  SOLUBLE 

Bright,  sharp,  shining, 
"akes  bone  and 
Increases  Egg- 
Production  when 
Eggs  are  high. 


GRIT 


Ask  your  dealer,  or  send  us  $1.00  for  two 
100-lb.  bags  f.  o.  b.  cars.  Booklet  free 

EDCE  HILL  SILICA  ROCK  CO., 

Box  J.  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 


Greider’s  Fine  Catalogue 

of  pure  bred  poultry,  for  1911,  over  200 
pages,  57  colored  pictures  of  fowls,  calen- 
darfor  each  month,  illustrations,  descrip¬ 
tions,  photos,  incubators,  brooders,  and 
all  details  concerning  the  business,  where 
and  how  to  buy  fine  poultry,  eggs  for 
batching,  supplies,  etc.,  at  lowest  cost. 

Send  15c.  B.  H.  Greider,  BOX  58 ,  Rheems.  P* 

-From  free  range  selected 
_  Single  Comb  White  Leg¬ 
horn.  Can  furnish  in  any  number  I  am  booking 
orders  for  early  deliveries.  Circular  free.  CHAS.  R. 
STDNE,  Baby  Chicken  Farm,  Staatsburo-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 


Baby  Chicks  10c  Each 


Kirkup’s  Utility  Strain  S.C.White  Legliorns 

Bred  for  vigor,  size  and  lai-ge  white  market  eggs. 
EgKS  and  Baby  Chicks  for  sale.  Custom  hatching  a 
specialty.  Send  for  circular.  Kirkup  Bros.,  Mattituck.L.I. 


MT.  PLEASANT  FARM 

A  breeding  establishment  of  250  aci-es, 
devoted  to  developing  the  best 

JS».  C.  W.  XiEGrHOR-NS 

Fine  Breeding  Cockerels  at  reasonable  pricesi 

MT.  PLEASANT  FARM.  Box  Y,  HAVRE  DE  GRACE,  Maryland. 


R.  C.  Rhode  Island  Reds  and  Indian  Runner 

nnnLo-Strong,  vigorous  strains  for  utility,  show 
UUUI\o  and  export.  All  stock  sold  on  approval 

SINCLAIR  SMITH.  G02  Fifth  Street,  Brooklyn,  New  York. 


S,  C.  Rhode  Island  Reds  at  the  Horseshoe 

Road  Poultry  Farm  hatching  and  a  few  Cock¬ 
erels.  Write  for  prices.  WM.  R.  BURKHOLDER. 
Box  152,  R.  5,  Lancaster,  Pa. 


I)  f)  EGOS  $1 .00— Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
L  U  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Large  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 


SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS— Quality 
Kind,  Famous  Lakewood  Strain,  Young  and  old 
stock  for  sale;  Hatching  eggs  for  early  delivery. 
SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington.  New  Jersey- 


Davis  S,  C.  Reds 


200-EGG 

STRAIN 


COCKERELS 


$3  and  $5  each.  EGGS  FOR  HATCHING. 
BABY  CHICKS— $15  and  $20  per  100  after  March  1. 

BOOK  ORDERS  NOW.  Davis  Poultry  Farm,  Berlin,  Mass 


1811. 


lie 


THIS  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


CONTENTS 

The  He ual  New-Yorker, 

January  28,  1911. 

FARM  TOPICS. 

Workmen,  “Hack  to  the  Land” .  90 

A  -New  York  Oat  Crop .  90 

Vetch  in  New  Jersey . .  . . .  90 

•  L.  L.  L>.,”  Lime,  Legumes  and  Drain¬ 
age  .  90 

Farm  Help  for  Kansas .  91 

A  Short  Potato  Story .  91 

Try  a  Vetch  Experiment .  91 

Farms  in  the  Bashful  State .  92 

Soy  Beans  in  Pennsylvania .  92 

Field  for  Potatoes .  92 

Peas  and  Oats  for  Grain .  92 

A  Talk  on  Corn  Breeding . .  93 

Large  and  Small  Potato  Seed .  93 

A  Crop  for  Mulch  Material .  94 

Commissioner  Pearson’s  Report .  94 

Quality  in  Land  Rollers .  95 

Flow  of  Irrigation . 95 

The  Corn  Harvester  Necessary .  95 

Soiling  Crops  for  Late  Summer .  96 

“Reducing”  Bones  on  the  Farm .  96 

Cow  Peas  and  Clover .  97 

Does  Fertilizer  Lose  by  Standing? .  98 

Potatoes  Under  Straw .  98 

Clover  in  the  Silo .  98 

A  Farm  “Limed  to  Death” .  98 

Piling  or  Broadcasting  Manure .  99 

Echoes  of  “Dry  Land”  Farming . 101 

Hope  Farm  Notes . 102 

Failure  with  I’rizetaker  Onions . 103 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

Our  Farmers’  Horse  Company .  89 

Root,  Hog,  or  Die  ! .  99 

Catching  a  Weasel  Awake .  99 

Tumor  . 108 

Catarrh  in  Cow . 108 

Trouble  with  the  Cream . ...110 

Two  Good  Cows . 110 

Raising  Dairy  Colts . Ill 

Heifers  with  Cough . Ill 

How  to  Feed  Corn  Fodder . 112 

Spring  Pasture  for  Pigs . 112 

Hens  vs.  Cows . 113 

Increasing  Mila  Flow . ; . 114 

Milk  and  Pork  Rations . 114 

Feeding  Cow  and  Working  Cattle . 114 

A  Percheron  Mare  as  an  Investment. ..  115 

The  Henyard . 116 

Fighting  Hens . 116 

An  Open  Front  Henhouse . 116 

Echoes  from  the  Stock  Show . 108 

HORTICULTURE. 

Apples  in  a  New  England  Cellar .  91 

Interplanting  Apples .  92 

Protecting  Trees  from  Rabbits .  92 

Pecans  in  New  Jersey .  96 

Hen  Manure  Mixtures  for  Garden .  97 

The  Bismarck  Apple .  98 

Planting  and  Handling  Apple  Trees. ...  98 

Apples  for  Wisconsin.. . 100 

New  York  State  Fruit  Growers’  As¬ 
sociation,  Part  II . 100 

Cool  Greenhouse  for  Roses . 103 

Celery  Rust  . 103 

Rose  Melody  . t . 103 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day . 106 

Charity  Sweetheart’s  Letter . 106 

Cream  Cookies — Raised  Doughnuts . 107 

Two  Hard  Questions . 107 

The  Rural  Patterns . 107 

Cleaning  Flues  with  Zinc . 107 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Making  Cement  Tile  at  Home .  90 

Green  Film  in  Spring .  85 

Facts  About  Canning  Factories .  97 

Strychnine  for  Killing  Skunks .  97 

Petroleum  Cement  .  97 

Business  in  Ferns .  97 

Editorials  . 104 

New  York  State  Agricultural  Society..  105 

Events  of  the  Week . 105 

Products,  Prices  and  Trade . 113 

Publisher’s  Desk  . 118 


Warts  on  Heifer. 

How  can  I  cure  warts  on  the  udder  of 
a  heifer,  due  to  freshen  in  March  ?  The 
warts  are  not  of  the  simple  type  to  be  re¬ 
moved  with  the  thumb  and  linger,  but  large, 
some  as  large  as  the  end  of  a  man's 
finger  and  there  have  been  one  or  two  as 
large  as  a  small  English  walnut.  She  is  a 
very  large  Guernsey,  and  too  promising  to 
sell  to  the  butcher.  O.  H. 

Massachusetts. 

Tie  a  line  silken  thread  very  tightly 
around  the  base  of  each  wart  that  has  a 
narrow  base ;  or  remove  a  wart  at  a  time 
by  cutting  with  scissors.  If  the  cutting  is 
done  touch  the  bleeding  base  with  lunar 
caustic  pencil.  Masses  of  warts  may  in 
time  be  removed  by  rubbing  in  best  cold 
pressed  castor  oil  twice  daily.  Not  many 
warts  may  safely  be  removed  by  cutting 
at  one  time.  Inflammation  is  apt  to  fol¬ 
low.  A.  S.  A. 

Indigestion  in  Puppy. 

Will  you  tell  me  what  is  the  trouble 
with  a  puppy  which  I  have?  Its  urine 
turns  whitish  immediately.  The  dog  is 
quite  valuable,  six  weeks  old.  About  two 
weeks  ago  its  appetite  grew  poor  and  then 
this  trouble  showed.  w.  t. 

New  York. 

Indigestion  is  a  likely  cause.  Give  a 
full  dose  of  physic.  After  it  has  ceased 
to  act  make  him  take  abundant  exercise 
out  of  doors  every  day.  Feed  on  new 
milk  and  add  one  ounce  of  limewater  per 
pint.  As  the  dog  improves  strengthen  the 
ration  with  oatmeal  porridge ;  but  do  not 
feed  any  sweets  or  cake.  If  he  fails  to 
thrive  give  emulsion  of  cod  liver  oil  twice 
daily,  commencing  with  teaspoonful  doses 
and  increasing  gradually  as  dog  can  take 
the  mixture.  A.  s.  a. 

Lack  of  Appetite. 

I  have  a  mare  eight  years  old,  weight 
P°UD°s,  who  refuses  her  feed;  has  been 
rnat  way  for  about  three  weeks.  She  looks 
1  lg.„  does  not  act  sick.  Sometimes 
ovL  w  1  ea*  a  Httle  and  again  none  at  all. 
Mie  seems  to  pick  out  the  weeds  in  the 
nay  and  eat  that.  I  feed  her  the  best  of 


Timothy  and  oats  and  sometimes  bran 
mash.  I  had  her  teeth  fixed  about  the  first 
of  November.  She  ate  all  right  after  that. 
Can  you  advise  me  what  to  do?  H.  H.  k. 
Connecticut. 

Have  the  teeth  examined  again.  As  she 
ate  all  right  after  they  were  attended  to 
before,  it  would  seeem  likely  that  there  may 
be  found  the  cause  of  trouble.  It  may  be 
a  sharp,  long  or  diseased  molar  tooth  which 
should  come  away.  A  suitable  appetizer 
would  be  a  mixture  of  one  dram  of  dilute 
hydrochloric  acid,  four  ounces  of  pure  al¬ 
cohol  and  two  ounces  of  fluid  extract  of 
gentian  root,  with  water  to  make  one  pint. 
Does  two  ounces  two  or  three  times  a  day 
in  half  a  pint  of  water.  Make  her  take 
abundant  exercise  out  of  doors  every  day. 

a.  s.  A. 

Restless  Cow. 

Will  you  tell  we  what  is  the  matter 
with  my  cow?  At  certain  times  during 
the  day  she  will  stand  back  in  her  stall 
and  swing  her  tail  sideways  back  and 
forth,  also  when  I  put  my  hand  on  her 
back.  She  is  due  to  calve  March  1  next. 

Massachusetts.  o.  A.  v. 

The  cow  is  simply  restless  and  uncom¬ 
fortable.  She  no  doubt  will  be  more  con¬ 
tented  if  you  let  her  out  doors  for  exer¬ 
cise  every  day.  Examine  back  for  “warble” 
bunches,  from  each  of  which  a  live  grub 
may  be  squeezed  when  mature.  If  such 
lumps  are  there,  but  not  ripe,  apply  a 
little  mercurial  ointment  to  each  one,  and 
keep  cow  from  licking  parts  treated. 

a.  s.  A. 

5  Two-year-old  Grapevines  50  cts. 

S£Pt  £?stPaid.  Best  varieties— red,  white,  black.  We  also 
offer  Fir®  Three-Year-Old  Yin*s  for  $1.00.  Will  bear  year 
after  planting.  Valuable  book  how  to  plant,  cultivate  and 
prune,  free  with  every  order.  Grapes  are  easily  grown 
and  should  be  in  every  garden.  Mention  this  paper  and 
we  11  add  free,  one  new,  large,  red  currant. 

I.  S.  Hubbard  Coh  Grapevine  Specialists,  350  Centra*  Aire.,  Fradonla,  N.Y. 

Established  U  Years . 


HARDER  SILOS 

The  name  “Harder”  on  a  Silo  is  like  “Sterling” 
on  silver.  It  signifies  honest  worth,  oldest 
firm,  best  materials,  most  skilled  workmanship, 
largest  variety  of  styles  and  sizes.  A  Silo  to 
suit  every  purse.  A  hundred  advantages,  all 
described  in  our  free  Silo  catalog. 

HARDER  MFC.  CO..  Box  It ,  Cobleskill.  N.  Y. 


Try  Them  30  Days  Free 


Prove  this  the  greatest  Incubator  and 
Brooder  bargain  of  1911  at  our  expense. 
We  sell  highest  quality  goods  direct  from 
factory  at  lowest  prices  —  guarantee 
satisfaction  or  refund  money.  The  Unito 

100-Egg  Incubator  $  ^ 

100-Chick  Brooder  1  V 

gives  surest  results  and  biggest  profits 
on  smallest  investment.  Incubator 
alono  @7.50;  Brooder  alone  13.50; 
both  @10.00.  Remember  you  take  no 
risk  when  you  order  ou  our  try- 
before-you-buy  plan.  Send  today 
for  Free  catalogue  Illustrated  and 
giving  full  particulars. 

The  United  Factories  Co. 

Dept.  X31  Cleveland.  Ohio 


FOR  MENDING  HARNESS 


It  takes  »  shoes,  tents,  awnings,  pulley  belts,  car- 
?iWaXj  Pots,  saddles,  suitcases,  buggy  tops, 

thread,  dash  hoards,  or  any  heavy  material, 

feeds  ,  r  wart's  Automatic 

rromspool  and  Awl istheonly  per- 

does  the  work  of  ^  ^Vrtli  feet  Sewing 

any  harness  maker  \5gS3r  Awl. 

machine.  It  is  i n d i s AJ~ 
pensable  for  farmers. 

Agents  wanted.  Sent  prepaid  ^ lk 
for  $1.25.  Send  at  once  for 

catalog.  STEWART-SKINNER  CO.  fM 

35  Hermon  Street.  Worcester,  Mass. 


“The  DAMNING  OF  JONES.” 

The  Implement  Trust  says-”  Damn  JONES  and  out  of  business 
with  him”  because  he  is  the  only  man  who  dares  to  sell  you  a 
warraiited-take-it-home-and-try-it-before-buying-scale  of  any  size 
or  kind  at  the  dealers  price.  Money  talks  and  your  money  is  as 
fjood  as  any  dealers’  and  your  credit  better.  Send  for  my  oner  and 
their  reason  for  “damning  Jones.” 

“JONES  He  Pays  the  Freight.” 

_ 30  Kay  St.,  BINGHAMTON,  N.  Y, 


Farmers  and  Poultrymen. 

,  V?1?  not  blame  us  if  occasionally  our  end 

puDoies  over  when  speaking  of  our  custom  hatch¬ 
ing  department  as  carried  by  our  experts  in  our 
mammoth  hot  water  incubator.  Results  are  show¬ 
ing  people  all  oyer  the  country  that  we  know  our 
business  by  saving  them  time,  worry  and  money, 
and  giving  them  stronger  chicks  than  the  old  hen 
or  kerosene  oil  fume  incubators  ever  did.  You 
send  us  the  eggs— we’ll  do  the  rest— do  it  right  and 
send  you  the  chicks.  Write  for  information  and 
prices,  anyway. 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM.  Millerton,  N.Y 

CHICKS  Baby  CHICKS 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORN  CHICKS  of  Standard  Quality. 

\\  e  guarantee  chicks  to  be  hatched  from  eggs  laid 
by  our  own  breeders  and  shipped  only  when  day-old. 

We  Can  Please  You.  We  Will  Please  You. 

Mammoth  Hot  Water  Incubator  having  a  capa¬ 
city  of  102,000  eggs. 

Have  lour  Orders  Booked.  Circular  Free. 

SPRING  WATER  POULTRY  FARM,  Stockton,  New  Jersey. 

R.  C.  B.  MINORCAS,  Cockerels,  SI. 25  each.  Indian 
Runner  Ducks,  $t>  trio.  Geo.  Bowdish,  Esperance,  N.Y. 

Berkshire  Pigs _ 

Guernsey  Bulls 

Two-y^r-oid  and  yearling  registered  and  tested 
Bulls  for  Sale,  out  of  advanced  registered  parents. 
Now  is  the  time  to  get  a  good  herd  header  reason- 
able.  HILXHITRST  FA  KM,  Orchard  Park.  N.Y, 

SHIP  YOUR  CONSIGNMENTS 

- TO - 

GEO.  OLIVER  &  COMPANY 

Established  1SSO 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 
WEST  WASHINGTON  MARKET.  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 

PROMPT  RETURNS 


at  Bargain  Prices.  A.  M. 
DAVIS,  Trooper,  Pa. 


WHICH  WAYAREYOU  PAYING  FOR 
AN  I HC  GASOLINE  ENGINE? 

THERE  are  two  ways — a  quick,  easy  way  and  a  long, 
costly  way. 

The  first  way  is  to  go  to  the  I  H  C  local  dealer,  pick  out 
frhe  style  and  size  suited  to  your  needs — pay  for  it — take  it  home 
and  set  it  to  work.  It  will  operate  your  cream  separator,  feed 
grinder,  thresher,  fanning  mill,  turn  your  grindstone,  saw 
wood,  etc. 

The  other  way  is  to  get  along  as  best  you  can  without  it,  and 
pay  for  it  over  and  over  again  in  the  time  and  money  you  lose 
by  not  having  it. 

“Procrastination  is  the  thief  of  time,”  and  time  is  money.  An 
I  H  C  Engine  saves  time — saves  money.  It’s  an  investment  that 
pays  big  dividends,  day  after  day,  year  in  and  year  out,  through  its 
capacity  for  doing  work  at  less  cost  than  any  other  power. 

I  H  C  Gasoline  Engines 


are  made  in  all  styles  and  sizes,  1  to  45-H.  P.,  vertical 
and  horizontal — stationary,  portable,  and  tractor. 
Their  efficiency,  economy,  and  dependability  have 
been  proved  by  years  of  service.  Thousands  of 
owners  consider  an  I  H  C  Gasoline  Engine  one  of  the 
best  paying  investments  they  ever  made. 

If  you  want  to  know  more  about  what  an  I  H  C 
Gasoline  Engine  will  do  for  you,  and  why  it  is  that 
I  HC  construction  insures  more  power  on  less  gaso¬ 
line  consumption  than  any  other  engine,  you  should 
call  at  once  on  the  IHC  local  dealer,  or, 
write  for  a  copy  of  the  IHC  Gasoline 
Engine  catalogue. 

While  you're  delaying  you  are  paying, 
so  why  not  have  what  you’re  paying 
for. 

INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER 
COMPANY 
OF  AMERICA 

^Incorporated) 

Chicago 

USA 


I  H  C 

Service  Bureau 

What  Is  it?  A  clear¬ 
ing  house  of  agricultur¬ 
al  data.  What  does  it 
dot  Helps  farmers  to 
help  themselves.  How 
can  it  be  used?  By 
sending  your  farm 
problems  and  puzzling 
questions  to  the  Bureau. 

We  are  co-operating 
■with  the  highest  agri¬ 
cultural  authoritiesund 
every  source  of  infor¬ 
mation  will  be  made 
available  to  solve  your 
difficulties.  We  shall 
be  pleased  to  have  an 
opportunity  to  assist 
you.  Write  the  I  H  O 
Service  Bureau. 


SHIP  YOUR 


To  mcmillan  fur  &  wool  co, 

MINNEAPOLIS,  MINN. 

Illustrated  Circular  Free  to  anyone  interested  ii 

T  .  RAW  FURS. i 

Trappers'  Guide  Free  to  those  who  ship  to  us 


Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 


93-95  South  Market  St,, 


Boston. 


JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  COMPANY, 

Commission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York, 
Poultry,  Eggs,  Meats,  Produce.  Shipments  Solicited. 


Dl.KASE  semi  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com- 
1  mission  House  in  New  York.  list.  1338.  Butter 
Eggs,  Poultry.  Pork,  Calves,  Hay.  Grain.  Beans, 
Apples,  etc.  E.  it.  WOOD IV A Kl),  SO-  <■  recti  wish  St.,  N.  V 

Hothouse  Lambs,  Poultry,  Calves,  Fancy  Eggs 

Ship  to  W.  H.  COHEN  8  CO.,  229  Washington  St.,  New  York. 


WsntPf!-100  organizers- 

llliy  YV  dllLtU  ALBERT  MANNING,  Sec¬ 
retary,  Dairymen’s  League,  Otisvillo.  N.  Y. 

CHAMPLAIN  VALLEY  FARM — On  main  highway  be¬ 
tween  New  York  and  Montreal,  1!)  miles  south 
of  Burlington,  Vt.  One  mile  north  of'  Kerrisburgh, 
where  there  are  stores,  churches,  schools,  railroad 
station,  blacksmith  and  wheelright  shops,  cream¬ 
ery  and  milk  station.  Natural  fruit  land-plenty 
of  apples,  plums  and  grapes.  Artesian  well  sup¬ 
plies  abundance  of  best  water.  House,  horse  barn, 
hen  house,  granary,  ice  house,  farm  barn.  Two 
hay  barns;  11  cows;  tools.  118  acres.  All  for  $5,000, 
one-half  cash,  balance  at  if  desired,  Sold  to 
close  estate.  C.  A.  CHAPMAN,  Adnir.,  Ferrisburgh,  Vt. 

SAT  p— One  Hundred  Sixty  Acres— 
x  LJ-cXiv-L,  fine  nine-room  house  with 

two  porches;  three  barns,  44  by  80  witii  basement, 
30  by  50  and  24  by  30;  granary;  hog  house.  Ail 
buildings  painted,  very  attractive  and  in  fine  con¬ 
dition.  Fruit.  One-half  mile  from  village  and  two 
railroad  stations.  Price  $5,500;  terms,  $2,500  cash, 
balance  time  at  five  per  cent.  HALL’S  FARM 
AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  County,  New  York. 

IRfl  Farmc  FOR  SALE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
IwU  I  Ql  1110  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horace  G.  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa. 

Fflr  Q O I Q — -Fai-m  90  acres,  with  buildings  and  good 
I  Ul  UUiC  water.  A.  Erickson,  Andover,  N.  Y. 

I  SELL  FARMS  IN  OCEANA,  the  best  Co.  in  the  U.S.  Fruit,  grain 
I  and  stock.  Write  for  list.  J.  D,  S.  HANSON,  Hart,  Mich. 


LET  US  TAN 
YOUR  HIDE. 

Cattle  or  Horse  hide.  Calf,  Dog,  Deer, 
or  any  kind  of  skin  with  hair  or  fur  on. 

We  make  them  soft,  light,  odorless, 
wind,  moth  and  waterproof,  and  mako 
them  into  coats  (for  men  or  women) 
robes,  rugs  or  gloves  when  so  ordered. 

Your  fur  goods  will  cost  you  less  than 
to  buy  them,  and  be  worth  more.  Send 
three  or  more  cow  or  horse  hides  in  one 
shipment  from  anywhere  east  of  Den¬ 
ver  and  we  pay  the  freight  both  ways. 

Get  our  illustrated  catalog  which 
gives  prices  of  tanning,  taxidermv  and 
head  mounting.  Also  prices  of  ftir 
goods,  and  big  mounted  game  heads 
we  sell. 

The  Crosby  Frisian  Fur  Company, 

571  Lyeil  Ave„  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

TRAPPERS  AND  HUNTERS^ 

Furs  are  high.  A  fact  w hich  you  are  all  probably  ac¬ 
quainted  with.  But  the  question  is.  Are  you  getting 
highest  market  value  for  yours  !  Remember  we  do  not 
charge  any  commission;  pay  all  express  charges;  will 
hold  your  goods  separate  for  approval  of  our  valuation, 
when  requested,  and  if  not  satisfactory  will  return  ana 
pay  all  charges.  Don’t  you  think  we  are  entitled  to  a 
trial  shipment  on  the  strength  of  the  foregoing  i  For 
further  information  write  i‘or  our  free  price  list  and 
1  rappers*  Guide.  Make  us  a  trial  shipment  today. 

Abrahams  Fur  &  Wool  Co.,  Fur  Merchaats.  Seymour,  Wis. 


Aristocrats!  White  Wyandottes! 


Cock¬ 

erels, 


Buff,  Wh.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  8.  C.  H  I.  Red. 
Eggs.  90c.  per  15,  $1.50  per  30.  $2.75  per  00,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  pa. 


S.  C.  W.  Leghorn  Eggs 

per  la,  $8  per  100.  Pafapsco  Farm,  R.0.2,  Reisterstown.Md 


Wanted  at  Once— A  Man 

To  Mako  $100  Per  Month  Above  Expenses 
1500  MEN  THROUGHOUT  THE  U.  S 
ARE  MAKING  BIG  MONEY 

with  our  large  lino  of  over  80  different  household  neces¬ 
sities  consisting  of  homo  remedies,  extracts,  spices,  soaps, 
perfumes,  toilet  articles,  stock  amt  poultry  preparations, 
polishes,  etc.  all  guaranteed  under  the  National  Food 
and  Drugs  Act  and  conforming  to  the  Puro  Food  require¬ 
ments  of  every  state.  Sold  chiefly  to  eouutry  people. 
Weimport,  manufacture  and  sell  in  enormous  quantities 
Capital  and  surplus  over  one  million  dollars.  Factory 
floor  space  nearly  5  acres. 

We  want  one  man  in  each  unoccupied  locality  to  tako 
fnll  charge  of  everything  pertaining  to  our  business  in 
Ills  district.  Must  bo  of  good  health  and  habits,  honest 
and  industrious,  not  under  21  nor  over  50  years  of  age. 
able  to  furnish  outfit  similar  to  that  illustrated  als.ve' 
also  several  responsible  men  to  vouch  for  his  integrity! 
Such  under  our  instructions  can  mako  not  loss  than 

$100  Per  Month  Clear  Profit 

above  expenses  first  year,  $1800  second  year  and  $2400 
third  year.  Colored  people  or  women  not  considered. 

Previous  experience  or  more  than  ordinary  education 
not  needed  as  witii  our  thorough  free  course  of  instruc¬ 
tion  in  salesmanship  the  work  is  easily  learned  and  a 
big,  pleasant,  healthful,  honorable  and  permanent  busi¬ 
ness  quickly  established. 

If  you  can’t  meet  requirements  don't  write:  if  you 
think  you  can  you  are  the  man  wo  are  looking  for  and  a 
postal  will  bring  you  full  particulars  by  return  mail. 

Lott  of  new  men  starting  and  territory  filling  rapidly, 
so  if  interested  write  at  once  else  territory  vacant  in  your 
locality  will  bo  taken. 

W.  T.  RAWLEIGH  CO.  30-40  Lib.  St.  Freeport,  III. 


120 


THE  RURAI>  NEW-YORKER 


January  28,  1911. 


Try  This  Harman  Tool  Grinder 


I  will  send  you  a  Harman  Special  Alectride  Farm  Tool  Grinder,  with 

10  Grinding  Attachments  right  to  your  farm  for  an  absolutely  free  trial  lasting  10  days. 

I  will  guarantee  that  this  Grinder  will  Hot  draw  the  temper  from  steel. 

I  don’t  want  you  to  send  me  any  money —not  a  cent.  I  Want  tO  make  yOU  an  Offer  SO 
liberal  that  you  simply  cannot  afford  to  refuse  it.  I  will  give  you  the  use  of  this  magnifi¬ 
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k,  sharpen  your  sickles,  plow  shares,  cultivator  blades,  scythes,  axes  anything  that  is  dull 

— then,  if  you  wish,  return  it  to  me  at  my  expense. 

We  know  that  every  progressive,  up-to-date  farmer 
realizes  the  advantage  of  always  having  sharp,  bright  tools 
to  work  with.  You  know  how  much  more  work  can  be  done 
with  tools  which  are  always  in  good  condition.  You  know 
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last.  You  know  all  these  things  and  yet  you — DO  sometimes 
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you  can  easily  keep  all  your  farm  tools  in  good  condition, 
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10  MACHINES  INI 

1.  One  Sickle  Grinding  Wheel  ( Improved  ) 

2.  One  Fine  Grinding  Wheel  ( Improved  ) 

3.  One  Coarse  Grinding  Wheel  (Improved) 

4.  One  Harman  Special  Oil  Stone  (Improved) 

5.  One  Saw  Gummer  ( Improved  ) 

6.  One  Sickle  Holding  Attachment 

7.  One  Scythe  Stone  (New) 

8.  One  Harman  Special  Razor  Hone  ( New  ) 

9.  One  Disc  Grinding  Attachment  ( New ) 

10.  One  Tool  Rest 


How  to  Grind  Edge  Tools 

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A  book  which  should  be  in  the  hands  of  every  man  who  ever  ground  any  tools.  It  tells  you  all  the  secrets 

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heat  was  finally  turned  off'  and  eager  search  was  made  for  diamonds  and  how  Alectride  was  found  instead. 

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The  scientist  who  discovered  Alectride  realized  instantly  that  he  had  the  world’s  greatest  abrasive. 

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of  the  grindstone— how  it  did  work  in  two  minutes  which  could  not  be  accomplished  on  the  grindstone  in 
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HARMAN  SUPPLY  CO. 

Dept.  3581,  160  Harrison  St.,  CHICAGO,  ILL 

You  may  send  me  free  and  prepaid  your  free  book 
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Harman  Supply  Co. 


160  Harrison  Street, 
DEPT  3581.  CHICAGO,  ILL. 


NEW  YORK,  FEBRUARY  4,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  Jl.OO’PER  YEAR. 


WORKING  OVER  OLD  APPLE  TREES. 

A  Successful  Michigan  Worker. 

Great  attention  is  being  given  to  the  work  of  reno¬ 
vating  old  apple  orchards.  Frank  Howard  of  Berrien 
County,  Mich.,  has  made  a  success  with  old  trees 
worthy  of  mention.  When  Mr.  Howard  came  in 
possession  of  Fairview  Farm  there  was  on  it  an  old 
apple  orchard  of  34  trees,  consisting  of  Greenings, 
Baldwins,  Northern  Spys  and  Russets.  This  orchard 
was  considered  worthless ;  the  only  rev¬ 
enue  received  from  it  was  a  few  cider 
apples.  Still  Mr.  Howard,  believing 
"where  there’s  life  there’s  hope,”  set 
about  to  bring  it  back  to  usefulness 
and  profit. 

The  first  thing  to  do  was  to  give  it 
a  severe  pruning,  as  new  tops  had  to  be 
grown  on  many  of  the  trees.  The  or¬ 
chard  was  plowed  and  kept  cultivated 
often  enough  to  hold  the  moisture  and 
to  keep  the  weeds  down.  This  method 
has  been  followed  for  13  years.  Every 
third  year  it  is  covered  with  a  liberal 
dressing  of  stable  manure,  no  other  fer¬ 
tilizer  being  used.  Fifteen  years  ago 
he  bought  a  spraying  outfit  and  began 
spraying,  using  the  concentrated  lime 
and  sulphur  of  his  own  manufacture  in 
March,  following  this  from  three  times 
in  1901  to  seven  times  in  1910  with 
Bordeaux  Mixture.  The  last  two  spray¬ 
ings  were  applied  on  the  Winter  stock 
from  the  5th  to  the  20th  of  August  to 
control  the  late  brood  of  Codling  moth. 

This  orchard  in  1911  will  be  sprayed 
nine  times.  Lime  and  sulphur  as  a 
Summer  spray  has  never  been  tried,  but 
no  doubt  will  be  another  year,  using  the 
Bordeaux  Mixture  twice  before  the 
blooming  period. 

Below  are  the  number  of  times  the 
orchard  was  sprayed,  number  of  bar¬ 
rels  of  apples  and  the  price  received  for 
ten  years : 


Delay  in  this  work  may  be  a  very  serious  matter, 
as  many  orchardists  know  by  experience. 

e.  v.  A. 

R.  N.-Y. — Our  correspondent  visited  Mr.  Floward’s 
orchard  and  took  the  pictures  here  shown.  We 
have  also  asked  Mr.  Howard  for  a  further  state¬ 
ment  and  lie  gives  it  as  follows: 

My  orchard  of  old  trees  is  small,  only  54  trees 
on  V/2  acre  of  ground.  Some  of  those  trees  were 
cut  back  10  or  12  feet ;  some  of  the  tops  were  nearly 


Sprayed 

1901  4  times 

1902  7  times 

1903  7  times 

1904  7  times 

1903  8  times 

1900  8  times 

1907  8  times 

1908  8  times 

From  44  trees 

1909  8  times 

Light  crop  due  to  frost 

1910  8  times  225 


Bbls. 

121 

307 

421 

294 

421 

431 

321 

370 

501 


Total . 3,418 


Sold  for 
$330.00 
521.90 
450.00 
350.00 
450.00 
754.25 
G42.00 
752.00 

1,000.00 

753.75 

$6,003.90 


spray  about  10  days  or  two  weeks  later  with  Bor¬ 
deaux  and  arsenate  of  lead.  The  last  two  sprays 
we  put  on  Winter  varieties  about  August  5  and  20. 
In  all  we  use  nine  sprays,  including  lime  and  sulphur 
on  Winter  stock.  The  lead  is  mixed  with  Bordeaux 
except  the  first  time  of  using ;  the  buds  have  not 
started  then  and  I  cannot  see  any  need  of  using  lead 
at  that  spraying.  I  never  have  used  lime  and  sul¬ 
phur  as  a  Summer  spray.  In  regard  to  the  Duchess 
apple  trees,  the  one  grown  by  the  mulch  method  is 
1 1  years  old ;  the  ground  was  plowed 
the  first  year,  the  trees  set  and  cultiva¬ 
tion  was  kept  up  that  season,  and  seed¬ 
ed  that  Fall.  The  grass  has  been 
mowed  and  put  around  the  trees.  The 
other,  seven  years  old,  stands  in  a  block 
of  200,  they  are  all  about  the  same.  It 
has  been  cultivated  with  crops  of  corn 
and  potatoes.  frank  Howard. 


RESIDENCE  OF  A  MICHIGAN  FRUIT  GROWER.  Fig.  140. 


What  has  this  sort  of  spraying  done 
for  Mr.  Howard?  It  has  produced  90 
per  cent,  of  No.  1  apples,  14  crops  in 
14  years,  paid  him  in  10  years,  $6,003.90 
from  54  trees  or  over  $1,000  per  tree. 

These  trees  to-day  are  60  years  old 
and  spread  over  65  feet,  and  the  past 
year  have  made  over  a  two-foot  growth.  The  only 
objection  found  in  spraying  by  Mr.  Howard  is  that 
his  fruit  does  not  color  up  as  well,  due  to  the  heavy 
foliage  excluding  the  sun.  While  Mr.  Floward  has  got 
wonderful  results  in  this  orchard  of  limited  area  he  is 
not  positive  that  lie  could  have  accomplished  the  same 
results  in  a  large  orchard.  Fie  believes  that  the  secret 
of  his  success  in  getting  90  per  cent.  No.  l  apples  is 
hue  to  thorough  spraying  and  at  the  right  time,  not 
later  than  three  to  five  days  after  the  blossoms  drop. 
When  there  are  large  orchards  it  would  pay  to  have 
an  extra  outfit  and  extra  help  to  get  aver  it  in  time. 


A  SIXTY-YEAR-OLD  BALDWIN  TREE.  Fig.  141 

all  cut  off.  It  took  three  years  before  I  got  any 
apples  on  the  new  wood;  we  were  very  careful  in 
our  work  and  made  our  cuts  slanting  so  water 
would  have  to  run  off;  then  painted  the  stubs  with 
the  best  of  paint.  The  first  year  water  sprouts 
started  freely;  we  kept  those  thinned  out  to  suit 
ourselves.  We  have  been  spraying  with  lime  and 
sulphur  since  1903,  a  heavy  spraying  during  the  month 
of  March.  We  also  give  two  heavy  sprayings  of 
copper  sulphate  before  the  bloom  opens.  The  next 
spraying  is  done  after  the  bloom  falls  with  arsenate 
■of  lead,  leaving  out  the  blue*  vitriol ;  then  the' next 


PARCELS  POST  OPPONENTS. 

Before  I  took  up  the  fight  for  parcels 
post  I  had  known  that  an  effort  was 
made  to  get  the  mail  order  house  argu¬ 
ment  against  parcels  post  before  the 
people.  This  was  tried  by  having  cards 
printed,  not  by  the  country  merchant, 
but  lie  was  used  as  the  reason,  for  con¬ 
stituents  to  send  to  their  Congressmen. 
It  was  not  successful  and  finally  aban¬ 
doned.  I  did  not  write  on  this  point 
because  I  saw  nothing  to  be  defended, 
and  I  think  the  same  to-day.  The  more 
I  study  this  point  the  more  I  become 
convinced  that  this  is  about  the  most 
contemptible  piece  of  deceit  yet  brought 
up  regarding  parcels  post.  If  you  will 
follow  closely  what  I  will  try  to  point 
out  you  can  do  nothing  else  than  form 
the  same  opinion.  No  attempt  has  been 
made  so  far  to  deny  any  statement  I 
have  made.  The  points  involved  are 
true,  and  they  know  it.  Two  methods 
have  so  far  been  employed  to  defeat  this 
project,  both  being  possible  through  a 
lack  of  knowledge  of  postal  matters  by 
the  people  in  general.  Parcels  post  on 
rural  routes  only  as  suggested  contains 
two  jokers.  The  mail  order  house  is 
another  “nigger  in  the  wood  pile;”  and 
both  these  facts  have  only  one  object  in 
view,  viz.,  to  show  the  “impracticability” 
of  parcels  post,  and  let  the  project  de¬ 
feat  itself  by  its  failure.  During  the 
last  few  months  petitions  have  been 
poured  into  Washington  against  the  es¬ 
tablishing  of  an  unlimited  parcels  post; 
principally  from  the  Southern  States. 
Requests  have  also  been  received  for  it. 
The  opponents  of  the  system  have  been 
hardest  at  work,  and  although  in  the 
minority,  they  have  made  the  strongest 
impression.  No  matter  how  few  of  these  petitions  are 
received  you  can  assure  yourself  most  emphatically 
now  that  they  will  be  used  in  every  possible  way  to  the 
limit.  Those  in  favor  of  it,  but  remaining 

quiet,  will  wake  up  only  too  late,  when  they 
either  see  or  never  get  the  chance  to  see  tlie 
opportunity  they  have  missed  for  freeing  themselves 
from  the  two  greatest  and  most  formidable  concerns 
which  stand  between  the  farmer  and  the  consumer  to¬ 
day.  You  invest  your  money;  by  hard  toil  and  study 
and  by  correct  application  of  scientific  principles  you 
produce  the  food  products  by  which  the  world  is 


fed,  but  these  two  classes  deprive  you  of  the  op¬ 
portunity  of  getting  from  50  to  60  per  cent  of  the 
fruits  of  your  labor.  I  unhesitatingly  an<l  without  re¬ 
serve  make  the  statement  that  the  express  companies 
and  commission  men,  and  they  alone,  are  behind  this 
mail-order  argument  concerning  parcels  post  and  for 
selfish  motives.  These  are  the  two  concerns  standing 
between  you  and  the  consumer,  and  they  are  the 
ones  who  pocket  from  50  to  60  cents  of  every  dollar’s 
worth  you  produce,  or  are  the  direct  cause  of  de¬ 
priving  you  of  the  opportunity  of  getting  it.  A 
parcels  post  will  supply  the  missing  link  in  the  chain 
connecting  you  with  the  consumer.  These  two  parties 
want  to  avoid  this,  and  to  accomplish  this  purpose 
they  are  shifting  the  scene  to  the  country  merchant; 
away  from  their  real  purpose  and  aims,  knowing  only 
too  well  the  verdict  of  the  people  if  the  real  issue 
was  presented.  The  express  and  commission  Samari¬ 
tans  anointing  the  wounds  of  the  poor  country  mer¬ 
chant  with  a  limited,  yes,  very  limited,  parcels  post. 

The  first  requisite  for  competition  in  any  business 
is  for  the  parties  involved  to  handle  the  same  goods-; 
not  necessarily  the  same  brand,  but  their  cost  and 
value  must  be  about  the  same.  Goods  sold  by  mail 
order  houses  are  generally  the  total  product  of  an 
entire  factory.  They  are  manufactured  expressly  for 
these  houses,  to  be  sold  in  competition  with  local 
stores  found  in  large  cities  and  many  of  the  larger 
towns.  In  many  instances  the  line  of  value  has  been 
drawn  extremely  close  in  their  efforts  to  compete 
with  the  regular  trade.  Do  not  misunderstand  me 
to  mean  that  these  goods  are  not  good  values  for 
the  money  paid;  I  mean  to  show  that  where  their 
articles  sell  for  $10,  another  brand  sold  by  your 
local  merchant  may  be  worth  $12,  and  every  dollar 
so  paid  may  repreesnt  a  true  item  of  value.  What 
percentage  of  the  large  stores  in  large  cities  fear 
parcels  post,  either  in  connection  with  other  stores  in 
other  cities  or  the  regular  mail  order  houses?  None, 
except  those  possibly  who  have  not  studied  it  thor¬ 
oughly,  or  had  not  the  means  to  get  at  the  true  facts, 
and  bring  out  this  necessary  point.  The  catalogues 
sent  out  by  these  houses  in  a  year  represent  a  large 
expense  in  the  mail  order  business.  We  will  value 
them  at  one  dollar;  and  postage  ranges  from  22  to 
28  cents,  so  that  we  have  an  expenditure  of  $1.25  for 
each  catalogue.  How  many  customers  of  these  houses 
buy  goods  and  receive  them  by  mail,  the  profit  from 
which  defrays  the  expenses  of  catalogues  sent  them? 
The  really  profitable  sales,  both  to  the  mail  order 
house  and  to  the  customer,  are  shipments  that  can 
be  sent  by  freight,  the  charge  for  a  20-pound  ship¬ 
ment  being  practically  the  same  as  for  100  pounds. 
These  houses  always  urge  patrons  to  make  up  large 
orders  for  shipment  in  this  way.  So  unprofitable 
have  small  articles  of  small  value  become,  on  which 
the  profits  are  exceedingly  small,  that  one  house  at 
least  has  adopted  the  plan  of  requiring  you  to  take  no 
less  than  a  dozen  articles  on  an  order;  and  then 
telling  you  to  have  sent  with  other  goods  by  freight, 
so  as  to  get  the  benefit  of  any  saving  there  may  be. 
Mail  order  house  logic,  you  may  say;  the  larger  the 
order  the  more  profit  there  will  be  for  them.  It  is 
this  way;  the  more  profitable  the  order  has  been  to 
you,  the  more  likely  you  will  be  to  repeat  the  order. 
This  is  one  essential  in  any  business,  value  received. 

The  simplest  and  yet  the  most  forceful  fact  I  could 
give  regarding  this  mail  order  scare  is  the  method 
pursued  by  a  large  drygoods  store  in  Greater  Pitts¬ 
burg,  in  their  mail  order  department.  This  firm  dis¬ 
tributes  thousands  of  catalogues  in  a  year,  but  they 
only  send  them  to  rural  districts,  and  by  that  I  mean 
to  places  where  they  have  no  large  stores  carrying  a 
complete  line  of  goods,  and  who  otherwise  would 
have  to  go  to  the  large  cities.  If  you  happen  to  live 
in  the  city  where  you  have  access  to  stores  which  are 
not  materially  different  from  their  own  they  will  send 
you  a  card,  stating  that  they  do  not  send  catalogues 
to  your  city,  and  therefore  cannot  comply  with  your 
request.  Could  anything  be  more  plain  as  to  the 
reason  for  this?  Knowing  as  they  do  that  they  can¬ 
not  compete  with  similar  stores  and  goods  through 
the  mails,  they  have  adopted  the  next  best  thing, 
saved  the  expense  of  sending  out  catalogues  where 
no  trade  could  be  hoped  for  against  other  stores. 
There  are  of  necessity  many  expenses  connected  with 
the  mail  order  business.  Goods  are  sold  unseen,  you 
might  say,  and  on  a  positive  guarantee  to  please  and 
satisfy,  or  goods  can  be  returned  and  money  will  be 
refunded.  A  large  mail  order  house  receives  on  an 
average  10  large  sacks  of  returned  packages  a  day. 
This  must  all  be  counted  when  prices  are  made  and 
their  percentage  of  profit  added.  Many  of  the  smaller 
and  cheaper  articles  can  be  bought  for  less  money 
in  our  five  and  10  cent  stores.  For  example,  250 
No.  5  envelopes  cost  in  five  and  10  cent  stores,  25 
cents;  mail  order  price  22  cents  plus  letter  postage 
to  them  and  return  postage  to  you.  A  well-known 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

novel  sold  here  in  department  stores,  for  two  parts, 
90  cents;  mail  order  price  for  it  is  98  cents  plus 
postage  of  30  cents,  together  with  postage  to  store. 
These  are  not  picked,  but  they  are  the  first  articles 
of  the  same  name  and  make  that  I  found,  and  on 
which  a  fair  comparison  could  be  made.  Even  with 
free  postage  the  articles  cannot  compete  against  regu¬ 
lar  stores.  This  holds  true  in  90  per  cent,  of  all 
cases  provided  a  fair  comparison  is  made  in  value  and 
price  of  goods. 

What  holds  true  between  mail  order  houses  and 
department  stores  holds  equally  true  between  these 
houses  and  the  country  stores.  Any  of  these  stores, 
no  matter  where  located,  that  carries  goods  offered 
by  the  trade  anywhere,  and  sells  at  the  market  figure, 
will  have  the  trade  of  their  field,  and  no  parcels  post 
or  any  other  change  will  deprive  them  of  it.  Where 
is  the  country  store  that  carries  anything  like  the 
goods  city  stores  do  ?  They  are  few ;  but  show  me 
one  and  I’ll  show  you  a  store  that  has  and  can  get 
business.  People  will  get  goods  that  represent  the 
styles  of  the  times  and  their  needs,  and  if  the  mer¬ 
chant  does  not  carry  these  goods  they  will  get  them 
by  going  to  the  city  and  larger  stores.  If  the  mer¬ 
chant  will  not  supply  these  goods  can  he  blame  the 
railroad  for  carrying  them  to  stores  that  do?  If  the 
distance  to  these  stores  is  great  so  that  railroad  fare 
is  high  can  people  be  blamed  for  using  the  next 
cheaper  method?  Let  the  country  merchant  supply 
standard  goods  at  a  standard  price  and  he  will  un¬ 
questionably  get  the  trade,  and  this  in  spite  of  a  par¬ 
cels  post.  B.  E.  EVANS. 

Maryland. 

A  FARMER  ON  PRESENT  CONDITIONS. 

At  the  present  time  we  are  reading  much  about 
getting  back  to  the  land,  and  also  about  abandoned 

\ 


V 


BRUSH  HARROW  FOR  ALFALFA.  Fig.  142. 


farms.  The  writers  of  a  large  portion  of  such  litera¬ 
ture  seem  to  have  but  one  object  in  view,  and  that 
object  is,  to  have  so  many  people  move  to  the  farms 
and  raise  so  much  farm  produce  that  it  will  cause  a 
surplus,  or  an  overproduction  of  the  things  to  eat, 
and  at  the  same  time  lower  the  cost  price  to  the  con¬ 
sumer.  For  the  past  25  years  it  has  been  quite  in¬ 
teresting  to  watch  the  process  (especially  if  you  own 
twb  or  three  farms)  of  abandoning  a  farm.  It  is 
quite  a  complicated  process  to  abandon  even  a  back- 
hill  farm,  and  usually  takes  a  number  of  years  to  do 
a  thoroughly  good  job.  For  37  years  I  have  been 
watching  one  farm  (it  is  not  my  own)  that  is  being 
abandoned,  and  it  will  take  quite  a  number  of  years 
more  to  complete  the  job.  During  the  time  seven 
families  have  slid  off  from  that  place  into  the  village, 
and  everyone  of  them  has  helped  to  abandon  some 
portion  of  the  place.  Some  of  them  sold  hay  and 
grain.  One  drained  the  barnyard  into  a  ditch,  and 
there  was  a  brook  connection  a  short  distance  farther 
down.  Another  cut  and  sold  the  saw  timber,  and  the 
next  one  cut  the  cord  wood  and'  sold  it.  Some  of 
the  better  parts  of  the  pasture  were  plowed  and 
planted  to  potatoes,  and  nothing  put  back.  At  the 
present  time  there  is  a  large  barn,  a  mortgage,  and  a 
few  acres  of  land  that  will  grow  a  fair  crop  of  hay. 
About  every  family,  when  they  moved  to  town,  took 
along  a  cow  or  horse  or  both,  enough  produce,  fruit 
and  stove  wood  to  give  them  a  good  start  for  the 
first  year;  some  of  them  had  a  little  money  and  paid 
the  house  rent  for  some  months  in  advance.  The 
men  and  larger  boys  found  plenty  of  work  in  the  mills 
and  shops  and  the  school  was  very  convenient  for 
the  younger  children.  There  was  more  in  the  way 


February  4, 

of  entertainment,  they  appeared  to  wear  better  clothes, 
had  more  time  night  and  morning,  and  when  Satur¬ 
day  night  came  they  could  clean  up,  and  there  was 
nothing  to  do  till  Monday  morning.  Sunday  was  a 
day  of  rest,  with  plenty  of  time  to  attend  church, 
and  perhaps  take  a  drive  in  the  afternoon  if  the 
weather  was  pleasant.  They  paid  their  debts  and 
seemed  to  have  no  desire  to  move  back  on  a  farm. 

At  the  present  time  many  of  the  older  generation 
are  “passing  on,”  and  the  children  have  grown  up 
and  are  taking  their  places,  living  much  in  the  same 
way,  but  with  this  difference.  When  we  farmers 
sell  them  farm  produce  in  the  Fall,  instead  of  buying 
enough  apples,  potatoes  and  other  things  to  last 
through  the  Winter,  they  will  take  one  or  two  bushels, 
and  for  pay  it  will  be  something  like  this  when  the 
pay  check  comes  at  the  end  of  the  week:  Credit  on 
account  at  store,  $4;  house  rent,  $2;  for  some  article 
bought  on  installment,  $2.50;  life  insurance,  $1,  and 
lodge  dues,  50  cents.  The  next  week  it  will  be  about 
the  same,  and  many  of  them  are  from  450  days  to  a 
full  year  back  on  payments.  The  last  census  shows 
conclusively  that  people  are  drifting  to  the  cities,  and 
it  is  fair  to  assume  that  they  have  bettered  their  con¬ 
dition,  or  they  would  move  back.  The  people  will 
soon  have  to  take  hold  of  this  problem  in  an  in¬ 
telligent  way;  when  that  time  comes,  they  will  dis¬ 
cover  that  nature  is  now  furnishing  sap  and  substance 
enough  every  year  that  is  growing  brush,  water 
sprouts  and  cull  cider  apples  to  furnish  all  the  peo¬ 
ple  of  New  England  with  choice  fruit  at  a  reasonable 
price.  C.  P.  goss. 

Vermont. 


DRILLLING  WHEAT  BOTH  WAYS. 

On  page  34  you  ask  your  readers  to  tell  you  as  to 
drilling  in  wheat  both  ways.  I  have  had  many  years 
experience  in  wheat  seeding,  and  can  say  this:  Two 
and  one-half  bushels  per  acre  is  too  much  if  one  seeds 
to  Timothy  and  clover  with  the  wheat.  The  true  way 
to  put  in  wheat  is  one  bushel  per  acre  each  way,  and 
let  the  cross  drilling  be  at  right  angles  to  the  pre¬ 
vailing  Winter  winds,  because  the  cross  furrows  will 
fill  with  blowing  snows  which  act  as  a  blanket  pro¬ 
tection.  With  2)4  bushels  of  seed  per  acre,  however 
sown,  the  stand  is  too  thick  for  Timothy  and  clover 
seeding,  and  will  either  choke  them  out  or  cause  the 
young  grass  plants  to  grow  so  weak  and  spindling  that 
when  the  grain  is  cut  the  protection  is  gone,  and  hav¬ 
ing  grown  in  the  shade,  the  hot  Summer  sun  will  de¬ 
stroy  many  if  not  all  of  the  young  plants.  With  one 
bushel  sown  each  way  we  never  have  had  less  than 
23  bushels  to  the  acre,  and  it  often  went  from  30  to 
42  bushels.  R. 

Michigan. 

The  following  has  been  my  experience :  That  a 
better  crop  will  result  when  the  seed  has  been  drilled 
the  one  way.  In  cross  drilling,  as  is  evident,  at  each 
intersection  of  the  drill  rows  a  double  amount  of 
seed  is  sown  at  the  expense  of  an  unnecessary  dis¬ 
tance  between  the  grains  of  the  intersecting  spaces, 
brought  about  by  sowing  one-half  the  required  amount 
per  acre  in  each  direction.  The  grain  may  thin  out 
sufficiently  to  warrant  a  good  crop,  but  at  the  same 
time  a  vast  amount  of  undeveloped  straw  and  grain 
heads  will  doubtless  result  from  the  procedure  of 
sowing.  At  least  such  was  my  observation  in  a 
similar  experiment.  -  C.  D.  b. 

Skillman,  N.  J. 


AGRICULTURAL  EDUCATION. 

Don't  you  think  our  agricultural  education,  u-i*  to  date, 
has  been  a  little  one-sided?  Don't  you  think  it  has  dealt 
too  exclusively  with  how  to  produce,  and  overlooked  the 
broader  financial  and  economic  problem  of  cost  of  pro¬ 
duction?  Don’t  you  think  it  time  we  farmers  had  a  lit¬ 
tle  “primer  science”  along  this  line?  We  are  ignorant  as 
mules  in  this  matter,  and  we  need  instruction.  We  need 
it  far  more  than  we  need  to  be  told  how  to  dump  a  ton 
of  $40  fertilizer  into  an  acre  of  soil  that  we  may  dig 
300  or  500  bushels  of  potatoes,  haul  them  seven  or  3  2 
miles,  to  receive  15  or  30  cents  a  bushel ;  potatoes  that 
eventually  will  be  sold  to  the  city  wage  earner  for  15  or 
20  cents  a  small  measure  (four  quarts),  and  if  he  wails 
at  the  high  cost  be  told  with  a  significant  shrug  that 
“the  farmers  ai'e  getting  rich.”  J.  b.  w. 

We  certainly  do  think  so,  and  we  have  been  ex¬ 
pressing  that  thought  for  years.  Any  man  who  wants 
to  do  so  can  be  told  how  to  produce  large  crops.  We 
do  not  need  more  food  in  this  country',  but  rather  a 
fairer  distribution  of  what  is  now  produced.  The 
“consumer’s  dollar”  is  the  greatest  question  of  the 
day.  We  know  that  this  dollar  is  paid,  and  we  know 
what  the  producer  gets  out  of  it.  Who  gets  the  bal¬ 
ance?  Where  does  it  go  to?  Does  its  investment 
help  or  hurt  the  farmer?  We  need  the  cold-blocxied 
facts  in  reply  to  these  questions  far  more  than  some 
of  the  items  of  “research”  attempted  by  the  agricul¬ 
tural  scientists.  We  can  get  analyses  of  almost  every¬ 
thing  from  ashes  to  water.  Now  analyze  the  con¬ 
sumer’s  dollar  for  us  and  see  where  it  goes  to. 


1911. 


1 23 


SOME  ENEMIES  OF  ALFALFA. 

Alfalfa  is  a- great  friend  of  the  farmer,  but  like 
other  friends  it  attracts  enemies  as  it  spreads.  As 
potato  culture  developed  insects  and  disease  followed 
and  multiplied,  as  apple  orchards  accumulated  in  any 
section,  insects  and  diseases  peculiar  to  apple  trees 
became  pests.  So  it  seems  to  be  with  Alfalfa.  In 
Colorado  grasshoppers  followed  Alfalfa  development 
until  they  are  a  regular  plague.  In  Utah  the  Alfalfa 
leaf-weevil  has  appeared  in  such  numbers  that  it  has 
ruined  many  old  fields.  The  Utah  Experiment  Station 
has  issued  Bulletin  No.  110,  dealing  with  the  insect. 


SEVEN-YEAR-OLD  CULTIVATED  TREE.  Fig.  143. 

See  First.  Page. 

It  is  a  native  of  Europe  and  is  probably  found  wher¬ 
ever  Alfalfa  is  grown,  although  it  is  not  troublesome 
except  in  sections  where  the  crop  has  become  an  ex¬ 
tensive  one.  It  feeds  on  Alfalfa  and  on  six  varieties 
of  clover,  including  Red  and  Crimson.  It  is  probable 
that  the  weevil  was  first  brought  to  this  country  in 
hay  or  straw  used  in  packing  crockery  or  nursery 
stock.  It  has  no  doubt  been  in  the  Atlantic  States  for 
some  years  but  has  not  become  serious,  since  Alfalfa 
is  not  largely  grown.  It  seems  that  many  western 
fruit  orchards  are  surrounded  by  fields  of  Alfalfa  or 
Sweet  clover.  The  insects  crawl  into  the  fruit  pack¬ 
ages,  and  are  in  this  way  carried  about.  They  also 
travel  in  hay  or  feed,  and  in  this  way  are  distributed. 
The  insect  passes  the  Winter  as  an  adult  beetle — in 
any  well  sheltered  place.  When  the  Alfalfa  starts  they 
come  out  and  begin  laying  eggs  within  a  few  days. 
These  eggs  hatch  in  seven  to  16  days  and  the  other 
changes  in  the  life  of  the  insect  follow.  The  insects 
cut  holes  or  slits  in  the  Alfalfa  stems,  or  at  the  base 
of  the  leaves  where  they  lay  the  eggs,  and  this  cut¬ 
ting  and  gouging  ruins  the  plant,  and  in  many  cases 
this  means,  a  loss  of  from  40  to  90  per  cent  of  the 
crop.  The  young  insects  also  feed  on  the  plants  and 
do  great  damage. 

The  insects  are  worst  where  the  Alfalfa  is  left  a 
long  time  without  rcplowing  and  seeding.  In  Utah, 
where  irrigation  is  given,  the  Alfalfa  fields  sometimes 
stand  30  or  more  years,  and  these  old  fields  are  badly 
affected.  In  the  East  where  Alfalfa  will  probably  be 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

the  field  was  worked  at  least  once  a  week  with  a 
brush  drag  or  a  sweeper.  A  picture  of  the  brush 
drag  is  shown  at  Fig.  142.  This  is  made  by  laying 
the  butts  of  short  brush  five  or  six  feet  long  on  a 
plank  12  or  14  feet  long,  with  other  rows  of  brush 
shingled  on — the  whole  thing  weighted  down  by  a 
tooth  harrow  with  the  teeth  down  directly  on  the 
brush  drag.  This  drag  knocks  off  many  weevils  and 
kills  them,  while  the  thick  dust  suffocates  more.  An¬ 
other  device  is  the  wire  street  sweeper  shown  at  Fig. 
144.  It  was  found  that  this  machine  killed  nearly  all 
the  insects,  but  the  high  cost  ($300  or  more)  puts  it 
out  of  reach.  These  devices  may  kill  the  insects  in 
the  field,  but  usually  more  come  in  from  outside  so 
that  the  great  hope  lies  in  community  working. 

Another  form  of  “gathering  machine”  is  shown  at 
Fig.  146.  This  is  made  from  a  wheat  header  which 
harvests  grain  by  cutting  off  the  heads  and  upper  part 
of  the  straw.  This  machine  knocks  off  the  insects 
into  a  pan.  In  one  case  70  gallons  of  the  insects  were 
“gathered”  in  this  way  from  15  acres.  This  means 
an  average  of  about  166,000  weevils  to  the  acre.  By 
putting  crude  oil  in  the  bottom  of  the  box  where  the 
weevils  are  “gathered”  few  can  escape.  It  is  also 
possible  to  destroy  many  by  burning  the  fields  over, 
and  spraying  with  arsenic  would  get  them.  The  story 
is  important  as  showing  how  these  western  Alfalfa 
growers  must  face  serious  trouble  in  growing  this 
crop.  These  insects  are  likely  to  cut  down  the  out¬ 
put,  while  our  eastern  growers  with  smaller  fields 
and  a  short  rotation  have  less  cause  for  alarm.  Any 
way  you  look  at  it  the  eastern  farmer  ought  to  work 
into  Alfalfa. 


A  NEBRASKA  CORN  GROWER  TALKS. 

Your  challenge  to  ^western  farmers  to  engage  in  a 
corn  growing  contest  does  not  look  practical  to  a 
western  farmer  along  the  lines  proposed.  If  the  chal¬ 
lenge  had  been  made  to  show  the  net  profits  from  a 
whole  farm  of  a  given  number  of  acres,  say  120  or 
160  acres,  or  if  it  were  made  to  include  the  net  profits 
for  the  amount  of  corn  one  man  could  produce  in  a 
season,  it  would  be  a  different  proposition. 

To  limit  one  to  the  product  of  a  single  acre,  the 
whole  contest  would  hinge  on  local  markets,  and  it 
is  probable  that  the  eastern  farmer  would  receive  as 
much  for  his  single  acre  in  cash  as  the  western  farmer, 
even  if  he  produced  less  corn  to  the  acre.  To  a  west¬ 
ern  farmer  who  feeds  all  his  corn  to  hogs  and  cattle 
the  lower  price  of  his  corn  makes  little  difference 
when  it  comes  to  figuring  profits  on  a  farm,  as  his 
corn  goes  to  market  in  the  form  of  live  stock.  If 
the  contest  were  based  on  bushels  one  man  could 
produce  in  a  season,  and  the  profits  obtained  for  his 
season’s  work,  it  would  look  different,  as  it  is  not  un¬ 
usual  or  unheard-of  for  one  man  to  produce  4,000 
bushels  of  shelled  corn  in  a  season. 

Now  let  me  say  a  few  words  about  local  markets  to 
illustrate  the  fact  that  you  do  not  always  have  the 
advantage.  Last  Spring  when  your  New  York  farm¬ 
ers  were  figuring  seed  potatoes  at  a  value  of  16  cents 
per  bushel,  I  was  selling  my  Early  Ohios  at  home 
for  60  cents  per  bushel  measured,  and  if  I  had  not 
sold  so  soon  could  have  had  $1  per  bushel  for  them. 
Considering  that  my  expense  for  raising  was  seed,  $5, 
rent,  $3  per  acre,  and  the  labor  of  raising,  which  I 
did  myself,  you  can  figure  the  profits  per  acre,  as  the 
yield  was  over  160  bushels,  which  was  small,  of  course, 
because  I  have  raised  at  the  rate  of  about  400  bushels 
on  the  same  ground.  It  was  the  short  crop  that 


IRRIGATION  BY  PUMPING. 

Some  days  ago  I  read  an  article  in  The  R.  N.-Y., 
answering  a  query  in  regard  to  putting  in  a  small 
irrigation  outfit  to  water  two  acres  of  garden.  Prac¬ 
tically  all  the  water  we  get  in  this  region  is  lifted  by 
a  pump  of  some  sort,  and  in  the  light  of  experience 
in  this  method  of  irrigation  I  would  offer  some  sug¬ 
gestions  which  will  help  the  man  who  has  the  courage 
to  take  charge  of  weather  conditions  in  the  event 
that  rain  fails  to  fall.  The  two-inch  pump  and  2^2 
horse-power  engine  will  take  care  of  the  two  acres 
nicely,  furnishing  about  125  gallons  per  minute  at  a 


TEN-YEAR-OLD  MULCHED  TREE.  Fig.  145. 


See  First  Page. 

speed  of  800  revolutions  if  properly  lined  out.  The 
installation  will  be  more  simple  to  use  the  foot  valve 
on  the  suction  pipe  and  keep  the  pump  above  water. 
If  there  is  danger  of  debris  in  the  creek  sink  a  box 
around  the  suction.  It  would  be  an  expensive  mis¬ 
take  to  use  two-inch  pipe  for  200  feet  and  work  the 
little  engine  against  so  much  friction.  A  three-inch 
pipe  connected  to  the  pump  by  a  reducer  and  run  up 
at  an  angle  of  45°  to  a  vertical  height  of  18  feet 
arranged  to  empty  into  a  wooden  flume  which  con¬ 
nects  with  the  garden  will  avoid  excessive  speed  of 
the  water,  and  also  do  away  with  most  of  the  pipe. 
The  suction  should  be  at  least  2j4-inch  pipe.  If  this 
is  not  suited  to  conditions  use  four-inch  pipe  from 
pump  to  field.  I  his  may  be  made  of  heavy  galvanized 
pipe  material,  and  reduced  to  the  two-inch  connection 
on  the  pump,  but  the  flume  will  be  more  satisfactory 
if  it  can  be  used.  The  flume  may  be  cheaply  made 
with  two  boards  put  together,  pig-trough  style,  and 
lined  with  roofing  paper,  lapping  the  joints  like 
shingles. 

Another  thing  should  not  be  lost  sight  of;  when 
the  field  needs  irrigation  it  probably  will  all  need  it 
at  once,  for  the  rain  wets  the  whole  patch  t lie  same 
day,  and  it  would  be  a  wise  plan  to  pump  an  earth 
tank  full  of  water  and  have  it  on  hand  if  the  ground 
can  be  sufficient^  puddled  to  hold  water;  125  gallons 
per  minute  is  a  feeble  stream  to  do  anything  with, 
and  less  than  that  is  little  more  than  an  aggravation 
unless  it  be  stored  up  until  sufficient  “head”  has  ac- 


WIRE  SWEEPER  FOR  KILLING  ALFALFA  WEEVILS.  Fig.  144. 


MACHINE  FOR  GATHERING  ALFALFA  WEEVILS. 


Fig.  140. 


used  as  part  of  a  long  rotation  it  is  not  likely  that 
the  insect  will  do  great  damage.  In  Utah  measures 
for  fighting  the  insect  have  in  mind  the  plan  of  pre¬ 
venting  its  feeding  when  it  first  comes  through  Win¬ 
ter  and  then  tearing  up  the  soil  lightly  with  a  heavy 
dust  to  destroy  the  insects  and  drive  them  away.  Thus 
the  field  may  be  worked  lightly  with  the  disk  harrow 
and  then  watered  at  once  to  rush  the  Alfalfa  into 
growth.  In  several  cases  close  pasturing  and  dragging 
has  proved  helpful.  Horses  or  sheep  were  turned  iii 
to  keep  the  Alfalfa  eaten  close.  During  this  pasturing 


made  the  price.  So  in  a  contest  like  that  you  propose 
the  eastern  farmer,  on  a  single  acre  of  land,  would 
have  the  advantage  of  a  higher  local  market  most 
likely,  unless  the  western  man  could  sell  his  product 
at  a  fancy  price  for  seed.  Yours  for  fair  play. 

Wayne  Co.,  Neb.  r.  o.  stringer. 

R.  N.-Y. — We  recognize  the  common  sense  in  the 
above  statement.  We  would  like  to  carry  the  corn 
contest  through  as  suggested  first,  but  if  any  of  our 
eastern  farmers  would  like  to  meet.  Mr.  Stringer,  man 
to  man,  to  match  the  productive  labor  of  one  worker, 
we  .shall  be  pleased  to  help  arrange  a  contest. 


cumulated  to  put  it  out  and  over  the  ground.  The 
free  Government  pamphlet,  “Practical  Irrigation  for 
Beginners, '  will  be  very  helpful  in  giving  methods  for 
handling  the  water.  The  125  gallons  per  minute 
should  be  delivered  at  a  cost  of  not  more  than  30 
cents  a  day  for  engine  naphtha  if  the  right  machinery 
is  selected,  and  the  best  should  be  procured;  it's  the 
cheapest  in  the  end.  I  hope  that  the  result  of  this 
trial  will  appear  in  The  R.  N.-Y.,  for  it  is  the  first 
attempt  at  pump  irrigation  I  have  heard  of  in  my 
native  State.  ,A.  s  w 

Columbus,  N.  M. 


1 24 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the  name 
and  address  of  the  -writer  to  insure  attention.  Be¬ 
fore  asking  a  qaestion,  please  see  whether  it  is  not 
answered  in  our  advertising  columns.  Ask  only 
ft  few  questions  at  one  time.  Put  questions  on  a 
separate  piece  of  paper.] 

A  New  Scheme  for  Orchard  Heating. 

I  have  a  plum  orchard  of  300  trees, 
nine  years  old,  set  14  x  16.  They  have 
become  so  large  they  are  shaded,  so  they 
rot  quite  a  lot,  and  it  is  hard  to  get 
through  to  spray.  I  have  commenced 
cutting  every  other  one  out ;  it  takes 
some  nerve  to  cut  a  thrifty  tree  with  the 
prospect  of  bearing  from  three  to  five 
bushels  this  year,  but  I  am  doing  it. 
Last  year  the  frost  killed  about  all,  so  1 
only  got  a  small  crop.  I  think  I  shall 
experiment  this  Spring,  if  there  is  any 
danger  of  frost,  by  splitting  the  stumps 
and  coal-oiling  them,  and  cut  the  bodies 
and  limbs  in  short  lengths  set  on  end, 
and  cover  with  dirt  like  the  old  coal 
pits  we  used  to  burn.  harvey  hill. 

Darke  Co.,  O. 

R.  N.-Y. — This  is  a  new  idea  to  us. 
You  are  right  in  cutting  out  the  trees, 
but  it  does  take  nerve  to  do  it  properly. 
In  case  of  a  severe  frost  you  will  prob¬ 
ably  need  more  heat  than  the  covered 
piles  will  give  out  In  California  they 
have  a  set  of  thermometers  which  reg¬ 
ister  the  temperature  around  the  orchard. 


Greenhouse  Attached  to  Dwelling. 

L.  N.  D.,  page  11,  must  bear  in  mind 
that  if  the  greenhouse  is  built  against  the 
dwelling,  it  is  almost  impossible  to  ex¬ 
clude  the  tobacco  odor.  The  smoke  will 
find  the  tiniest  opening  through  the  side 
of  the  house  and  penetrate  to  all  parts, 
and  it  is  hardly  out  before  the  next 
fumigation  takes  place.  If  a  person  is 
ill,  or  has  a  weak  throat,  this  vile  odor 
is  very  distressing.  The  house  should  be 
so  constructed  that  the  tobacco  fumes 
will  be  absolutely  excluded.  f.  c.  c. 

R.  N.-Y.— In  such  a  greenhouse  it 
would  be  well  to  use  other  forms  of  to¬ 
bacco  to  combat  insects,  rather  than 
depend  upon  fumigation  with  crude 
stalks,  which,  as  F.  C.  C.  says,  is  ex¬ 
tremely  penetrating. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE  ORCHARDS  AND 
TAXATION. 

On  page  29,  A.  L.  Littlefield  says  that 
■we  did  not  mention  in  our  resolution  to 
have  the  orehards  exempted  from  taxes,  set 
and  eared  for  by  some  one  of  the  approved 
methods  and  under  the  direction  and  ap¬ 
proval  of  the  horticultural  department  of 
the  State  College,  as  he  mentioned  in  "New 
England  Farms.”  As  I  was  the  one  that 
brought  this  resolution  before  the  meeting, 

1  will  say  that  1  did  not  see  his  article  in 
“  New  England  Farms,”  but  my  idea  was 
that  a  new  manufacturing  company  can 
come  in  the  State — or,  ( in  particular,  in 
Manchester — and  start  up  business  and  be 
exempted  from  taxes  for  10  years,  when 
they  are  running  their  business  from  the 
start  The  Amoskeag  Co.  built  a  new  mill 
to  cost  $1 ,000,000,  and  they  have  a  small 
tax  to  pay  in  comparison  with  other  prop¬ 
erty  owners ;  have  been  doing  business  for 
50  years  or ’more,  paying  big  dividends  to 
those  who  are  fortunate  enough  to  own  the 
shares,  and  yet  they  are  exempted  for  10 
years  on  $1 ,000,000  property. 

Now,  if  some  one  interested  in  fruit  grow¬ 
ing  takes  five  acres  or  more  of  his  land  and 
plants  an  orchard  on  it  and  cares  for  it  in 
the  up-to-date  methods  and  tries  to  raise 
better  fruit  than  our  Western  brother 
(which  I  think  can  be  done  here  in  New 
Hampshire),  he  has  to  put  a  lot  of  work 
and  expense  on  that  land,  and  he  gets  no 
return  until  the  trees  commence  to  bear. 
Why  should  he  have  to  pay  taxes  on  that 
property  that  he  is  getting  no  return  from, 
and  paying  out  in  money  and  labor,  when 
his  neighbor  is  getting  returns  from  his 
property  every  day  and  still  paying  no 
taxes? 

Another  resolution  of  quite  as  much  im¬ 
portance  was  the  one  asking  for  a  grant 
from  this  Legislature  .  to  carry  on  demon¬ 
stration  work  by  the  college  in  different 
parts  of  the  State.  Last  Spring  I  wrote 
to  Prof.  Pickett  asking  him  if  he  would 
come  to  our  place  and  show  us  how  to 
prune  our  fruit  trees,  or  send  some  one 
who  understood  the  work,  and  he  wrote  that 
he  could  not,  as  there  was  no  appropriation 
for  such,  work,  but  after  a  little  correspond- 
er.  'o  he  agreed  to  send  his  assistant.  Prof.' 


February  4, 


Wolff,  on  condition  that  we  pay  all  ex¬ 
penses  and  make  it  a  public  demonstration, 
which  we  were  only  too  glad  to  do.  Quite 
a  crowd  turned  out  to  see  Prof.  Wolff,  and 
it  stirred  up  an  interest  in  both  the  work 
and  the  college.  Now,  if  the  State  will  give 
a  little  money  to  help  in  this  work,  so  the 
college  can  send  its  men  to  different  parts 
oi  the  State  and  take  an  orchard  and  care 
for  it  in  the  latest  methods,  I  think  it 
would  do  more  for  the  fruit  or  horticultural 
interests  of  this  State  than  any  other  one 
tiling.  HARVEY  T.  COREY. 


HORSERADISH  AND  DANDELIONS. 

I  have  never  had  much  experience  with 
horseradish,  but  a  neighbor  who  seemed  to 
have  just  the  ground  for  it,  though  not 
growing*  other  truck  crops,  seemed  to  suc¬ 
ceed  with  it  and  always  had  good  returns 
on  his  crops,  shipped  in  barrels  to  a  com¬ 
mission  house  in  Cleveland.  I  would  think 
it  risky  to  attempt  to  grow  it  extensively 
before  I  was  sure  that  I  had  the  soil  that 
would  grow  nice  roots,  as  it  is  the  fancy 
article  that  brings  the  price,  besides  being 
handled  with  less  work,  and  I  should  not 
be  much  afraid  of  overdoing  the  market  on 
this  kind  of  stock.  Our  products  are  about 
all  sold  direct  to  the  consumer,  and  there¬ 
fore  we  have  a  limited  use  for  it,  and  that 
only  for  the  prepared  article,  which  we  take 
along  in  a  galvanized  pail  with  cover,  and 
sell  out  at  “  10  cents  per  dipper  full,” 
the  customer  furnishing  the  receptacle. 
Quite  a  number  of  things  work  in  nicely 
and  pay  in  this  way,  when  no  middlemen 
come  in  for  a  share  of  the  proceeds,  and  cus¬ 
tomers  are  always  pleased  to  get  such 
things  at  first  hands,  and  knowing  the 
ingredients  are  pure.  If  one  grows  a  quan¬ 
tity  and  has  to  depend  on  commission  men 
to  ‘sell  the  crop,  1  would  advise  going  slow 
till  one  is  sui’e  of  his  ground. 

A  limited  quantity  of  dandelion  for  greens 
works  in  well,  giving  consumers  a  variety 
of  things,  which  is  always  pleasing,  but 
unless  one  is  located  near  a  large  city  1 
would  consider  its  use  quite  limited,  and 
much  more  risky  to  grow  than  horseradish, 
with  chances  of  loss  in  marketing,  which 
do  not  appear  with  horseradish. 

Wayne  Co.,  O.  c.  weckesser. 

Horseradish  as  a  market  garden  crop  is 
not  always  profitable  except  in  localities 
where  there  is  a  certain  and  steady  demand, 
such  as  is  usually  found  in  our  large  city 
markets  and  then  only  when  it  can  be  cul¬ 
tivated  as  a  second  crop.  As  a  rule,  the 
soil  in  market  gardens  is  in  a  high  state  of 
cultivation,  and  will  give  better  returns  in 
some  of  the  early  or  more  standard  crops. 
But  as  a  farm  crop  it  is  a  different  proposi¬ 
tion.  Here  the  land  is  not  considered  as 
valuable  in  fertility,  and  the  acreage  more 
extensive.  Soil  that  will  grow  a  good  crop 
of  corn  or  potatoes  will  usually  produce  a 
good  crop  of  horseradish,  and  when  choice 
can  be  had  a  loose  loamy  soil,  rather  moist 
than  dry,  should  be  preferred.  The  roots 
can  be  planted  in  the  early  Spring,  cul¬ 
tivated  by  horse  power,  and  the  expense  of 
growing  the  crop  will  he  somewhat  reduced, 
if  we  do  not  figure  the  interest  of  our  land  too 
high.  In  case  we  do  not  find  a  ready  market 
for  the  entire  crop  the  first  year,  we  can 
allow  it  to  remain  in  the  field,  to  come  on 
the  next  Fall,  without  any  material  loss. 
By  this  method  of  culture  the  crop  will 
pav  as  well  as  or  better  than  the  average 
farm  crop.  The  selling  price  will  average 
from  $4  to  .$5  per  hundred  pounds,  unless 
you  have  a  contract  price,  in  which  case 
the  crop  could  be  grown  extensively  at  a 
handsome  profit.  As  to  the  growing  of 
dand?lions  I  have  had  but  little  experience 
but  1  am  of  the  opinion  the  venture  would 
not  pay.  T~ 

rnlliT  Tn  CEO  Apples,  Tears,  F lams, Cherries, 

FK  til  l  IK  LLU  Peaches,  Small  Fruits,  Shrubs, 
I  ItWI  ■  IH  Roses.  Finest  Stock.  Low 

’rices.  Free  Catalogue.  Write  us  before  you  buy. 

.  Faerber  Fruitland  Nurseries.  303  Wlnton  Rd.N.,Roohester,N.T. 


■w  -w  t  ±  m  T>n  a  few  good  customers  for 

\A/  A  |\1  I  r  I  Jour  unexcelled  Trees, 
*  *  ’  A  *  *  *  Shrubs  and  Plants. 

We  want  your  custom  and  you  want  our  goods. 

Send  for  our  FREE  catalog. 

The  Rochester  Nurseries,  Rochester,  N.Y. 


_ Alfalfa  Book 

of  the  alfalfa  district 
and  are  the  largest  handlers  of 
alfalfa  in  the  U.  S.  We  sell  best  grade 
seed  at  low  price.  Ask  for  Free  Alfalfa  Booklet 
by  Prof.  Montgomery,  Nebraska  State  Agricul¬ 
tural  College. 

i  Also  big  catalog  of  all  Garden  and  Field  Seeds  Free. 

Griswold  Seed  Co., 227  So.  lOth  St..  Lincoln.  Neb, 


EVERGREENS 

Nursery  grown,  suitable  for  all  pur¬ 
poses.  W.00  and  up  per  thousand.  We 
lave  60  millions.  Our  low  prices  will 
istonish  you.  Also  Hardy  Forest  trees, 
ihade.  Ornamental  aud  Fruit  trees,  . 

Shrubs,  Vines,  etc.  Our  beautiful  Cat- 
ilog  is  crowded  with  valuable  informa- 
ion.  This  and  50  Great  Bargain  Sheet  are  Free. 
Send  for  them  today. 

0.  HILL  NURSERY  CO.,  Box  212,  Dundee,  III. 
Evergreen  Specialists 


FRUIT  TREES 

Pears,  Bartlett,  Seckeland  others.  Fine,  healthy 
trees.  Cherrlos,  very  low  in  price.  Plums,  all^ 
best  varieties.  Peaches,  grown  from  buds 
from  bearing  trees.  Guaranteed  true-to- 
label.  Also  extra  fine 
Currants  and  Crapes, 
any  quantity.  Spe-  ( 
cial 40c,  $land$2.60 
Lot  Offers,  for  gar¬ 
den  planting  for  home 
use :  Our  prices  have  not  been 
advanced  to  meet  the  recent 
’general  raise.  Get  wholesale 
prices  direct  from  us  and  save  4 
to  Free  catalog.  Write. 

W.  P.  RUPERT  &  SON,  Box  20,  Seneca,  N.  Y. 
AhoBreed-ers  of  Prize  Hampshire  Sheep. 


This  Beautiful  New  Rose 
-  The 

Climbing 
^American 
Beauty 

was  originated  by 
us  —  a  cross  be¬ 
tween  the  Ameri¬ 
can  Beauty  and 
the  seedling  of 
one  of  our  hardy 
climbing  roses. 

The  result  is  a 
rose  as  beautiful 
and  exquisitely 
fragrant  as  the  American  Beauty,  with 
blooms  3  to  4  inches  in  diameter— but  it  is 
hardy  as  an  oak,  of  strong  habit  of 
growth,  a  perfect  mass  of  bloom  in  June. 
The  Climbing  American  Beauty  will  grow 
wherever  a  climbing  or  pillar  rose  will — 
why  not  in  your  garden?  We  will  sell 
year-old  plants  of  this  wonderful  new  rose 
at  $2.00  each — mailed,  postpaid,  to  any 
address  on  receipt  of  amount.  Write  for 
folder  giving  full  particulars. 

Hoopes,  Bro.  &  Thomas  Company 

West  Chester,  Pa. 


Seeds,  Plants,  Roses. 

■*»  11 _ wvt _  _  _  _ 


Bulbs,  Vines,  Shrubs,  etc. 
Hundreds  of  car  lots  of 
FRUIT  and  OSSA. 
MENTAL  TREES.  1.200 
acres,  50  in  hardy  Roses 
nonebettergrown.  44  green- 
houses  of  Palms,  Ferns 
Ficus,  Geraniums  and 
other  things  too  numerous 
to  mention.  Seeds,  Plants, 
Bulbs,  Roses,  Small  Trees,  etc.,  by  mail,  post¬ 
paid.  Safe  arrival  and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Immense  stock  of  SUPERB  CANNAS,  the 
queen  of  bedding  plants.  Acres  of  Paeonias  and 
other  Perennials.  50  choice  collections  cheap  in 
Seeds,  Plants,  Roses,  etc.  Elegant  168 -page 
Catalog  FREE.  Send  for  it  today  and  see  what 
values  we  give  for  your  money.  Direct  deal  will 
Insure  you  the  best  at  first  cost.  57  years.  (11) 
The  Storrs  &  Harrison  Co.,  Box  l56,Painesville,0. 


Save  TREE  Money 


this  FREE  Book 
Tells  How 

It’s  worth  a  good  deal  to  every  one  in¬ 
tending  to  buy  trees,  vines  or  plants  of 
any  kind.  It  contains  valuable  informa¬ 
tion  about  our  system  of  selling  which 
will  save  you  the  agent’s  commission 
and  enable  you  to  get  the  highest  grade 
stock  without  extra  cost.  We  want  you 
to  have  a  copy  of  this  book,  and  will 
send  it  on  receipt  of  your  name  and  address. 
Allen  L.  Wood,  Woodlawn  Nurseries 
569  Culver  Road,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


1 


* 


iuaranteedTree 

t  Wholesale  Price 


Buy  Direct  from  Us  and  Save  Money! 

All  stock  of  High  Quality  and  Genesee 
Valley  Grown,  where  Scale  is  unknown. 

20  CHERRY  TREES,  $1.20 

2  F.v.  Richmond,  2  Montmorency,  2  Eng.  Morello, 
2  1  >y chouse,  2  Napoleon.  2  Gov.  Wood,  2  Blk.  Tarta¬ 
rian.  2  Schmidt's  Big.  2  Bing,  2  Lambert. 

True  to  Same  or  Money  Sack. 

Write  now  for  Free  Catalogue  of  Complete  Line. 
Reilly  Bros.  Nurseries,  1026  Reilly  Rd.,  Dansville,  N  Y. 


Black’s  Peach  Trees-1911 


•  .  .v,„  Peach  Trees  are  one  of  our  specialties — we 
grow  for  quality  and  not  quantity  alone.  Oui 
trees,  however,  cost  little,  if  any,  more  than  the 
ordinary  9ort — we  employ  no  agents,  but  seljj 
direct, saving  middleman's  profits. 

Booklet 


) 


New  booklet,  “  Si*ingtime  and 
Harvest  for  the  Fruit-grower,”  free. 

Joseph  H.  Black,  Son  &  Co. 


Box  V.’Hightstown.New  Jersey^  pj-gg 


12  FRUIT  TREES 


WORTH 

$1.90 


FOR  98c 


1  Roosevelt,  1  Bradshaw  Plum,  1 
Niagara  Peach,  1  Bing,  1  Napo¬ 
leon.  1  Montmorency  Cherry,  1 
Baldwin,  I  McIntosh,  1  King 
Apple,  1  Orange  Quince,  1  Bartlett, 

1  Seckel  Pear.  All  first  class  trees, 

2  yr.,  4  ft  high  for  98c.  Everybody 
write  for  free  illustrated  catalogue. 

M&loney  Bros.  0  Wells,  Box  13  D&nsvilU,  N„  Y. 


Rochester  Grown 

Elberta  Peaches 

The  most  profitable  market 
variety.  Catalogue  and 
price  on  application 

Ellwanger  &  Barry 

MOUNT  HOPE  NURSERIES 

Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Leaders  for  70 
Years 


FRUIT,  SHADE  and  ORNAMENTAL 
TREES,  SHRUBS  and  ROSES 

A  Large  Stock  of  the  Finest  Quality.  Also 
a  Full  Line  of  the  BEST  Spray  Pumps,  and 
Spray  Material.  Prices  Low  and  Satisfac¬ 
tion  Guaranteed.  We  Deal  Direct  with 
our  Customers.  Write  for  Price  List. 
CALL’S  NUKSEKIES,  Perry,  Ohio. 


PLANT  HARDY  TREES 

Healthy,  acclimated,  high  grade,  true  to  label  fruit  trees 
and  plants  for  Northern  States  at  wholesale  prices,  direct 
from  nursery  to  planter.  Send  for  catalogue. 


FRUIT  TREES 


Eldorado  Blackberries,  Strawberry  and 
Raspberry  Plants.  Catalog  free. 

BARNES  BROS.  NURSERY  CO. 

Box  8,  Yalesville,  Conn. 


NURSERY  STOCK  IN  BARGAIN  LOTS. 

We  pay  Express  or  Freight  to  any  K.  R,  station  in  the  U.  S.  and  guarantee  satisfac¬ 
tion  and  arrival  in  good  condition  on  all  shipments  on  these  off ers, _w Inch  we  hope  will  encourage 
the  extensive  planting  of  commercial  sorts.  They  are  GENUINE  BARGAINS.  No  limit  on  these 
bargain  lots.  Order  one  or  more  lots,  as  may  be  desired.  These  lots  are  all  nice,  clean  stock,  true 
to  name  and  free  from  disease.  Write  for  descriptive  price  list.  *  *  *  * 


NO.  1.  FOR  $6.00 

100  Elberta  Peach,  2  to  3  feet.  1  yr.  from  bud 
10  Jonathan  Apple,  1  year  2  to  3  feet 


NO.  5,  FOR  $10.00 

100  Apple,  select.  1  year, 3  to  four  feet 
10  Spitzenberg  30  Winesap  10  Rome  Beauty 
20  Winter  Banana  30  Jonathan 


NO.  6.  FOR  $16.00 

100  Cherry,  2  year  from  bud,  5  to  6  feet 
80  Early  Richmond  10  Montmorency 

10  Dyehouse 


NO.  4,  FOR  $8.00 

100  Apple,  2  to  3  feet,  first-class,  one  year 
40  Jonathan  40  Rome  Beauty  20  Winesap 

NO.  7,  FOR  $15.00 

50  Kieffer  Pear,  4  to  0  feet,  first-class  50  Early  Richmond,  2  year,  4  to  6  feet 

.  .  .  ORDER  ANY  OF  THE  ABOVE  BY  NUMBER  .  .  . 

.NEW  HAVEN  NURSERIES,  NEW  RAVEN,  MISSOURI 


FRUIT  TREES 

no  rash  promises.  Send  for  it  today.  H. 


CHERRY 

A 


TREES  $8.00  PER  lOO  AND  UP 


ae  Apple,  Pear,  Plum,  Peach  and  Small  Fruits 

Readers  of  this  paper  are  familiar  with  the  values 
we  have  offered  thru  its  columns  for  over  a  quarter 
of  a  century.  Our  new  catalog  is  ready,  it  makes 

S.  WILEI  &  SON,  Drawer  182,  Cayuga,  New  York. 


Big  Money  Is  Made  Growing  Peaches  for  Market 

A  six-year-old  Peach  Orchard  in  Palisade,  Colorado,  sold  for  $24,630.50  cash.  Peaches  was  the  only 
produce  raised  and  sold  from  the  land.  When  six  acres  bring  this  amount  of  money  it  proves  that  grow¬ 
ing  Peaches  is  immensely  profitable  when  rightly  conducted.  East  of  the  Mississippi  River  nearly  every 
farm  lias  slopes  which  face  the  north  and  east — with  natural  Peach  Soil.  Learn  what  varietiesthrive  on  your 
land,  enemies  to  avoid,  tare  of  the  trees,  and  a  big  crop  of  choice  fruit  is  almost  a  certainty.  Carefully 
marketed,  fancy  Peadies  sell  for  more  than  oranges,  and  land  for  Peaches  costs  less. 

We  Tell  You  HOW  to  Grow  Peaches  RIGHT 

Our  big  orchards  make  us  lots  of  money.  Some  of  our  bearing  trees  are  twenty-five  years  old.  with  no 
sign  of  yellows.  Six  million  fmeyoung  Peach  Trees  are  now  growing  in  our  nurseries.  Would  you  plant 
some  this  siring,  if  xve  show  you  how  to  make  them  succeed?  If  ycu  will,  send  for  our  unusual  catalogue 
for  1911  NOW.  Veteran  growers  and  beginners  will  find  it  invaluable.  It's  free,  but  tell  us  how  many 
trees  you  need.  Write  Notv.  The  book  also  tells  about  Apples,  Pears,  Grapes,  Strawberries,  etc. 

Orlando  Harrison,  Private  Desk  15,  HARRISON’S  NURSERIES,  Berlin,  Maryland 


1911 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-VOKKER 


l^S 


A  “BACK  TO  THE  LAND”  MAN. 

D.  N.  B.,  Kingston,  l‘a.-  A  man  has  pur¬ 
chased  a  small  farm  (25  acres)  and  has  paid 
within  $350  of  the  purchase  price.  Such 
conditions  have  arisen  in  the  past  three 
years  that  he  has  been  unable  to  make  fur¬ 
ther  payments  on  the  balance,  and  no  better 
prospects  for  the  future  in  his  present  busi¬ 
ness,  and  therefore  is  thinking  seriously  of 
making  a  venture  on  the  farm.  He  has 
not  had  much  practical  experience,  never 
turning  a  furrow  in  his  life,  but  understands 
the  planting  and  cultivation  of  almost  all 
truck  products  that  can  be  grown  in  this 
section,  as  he  has  done  a  little  on  a  small 
scale.  He  has  also  for  the  past  nine  years 
been  reading  on  the  scientific  side,  learning 
from  the  same  how  to  mix  fertilizers  on  any 
basis  desired,  and  also  spraying,  etc.  The 
farm  is  not  in  a  good  state  of  cultivation, 
but  responds  to  a  very  little  fertilizer,  yet 
is  not  in  shape  for  trucking  to  any  extent 
the  first  year.  There  is  a  swamp  of  several 
acres  on  the  place  that  possibly  can  be 
drained,  but  not  at  present  on  account  of 
means.  Possibly  an  acre  or  two  along  the 
edge  can  be  worked  if  ditched  thoroughly, 
but  that  cannot  be  relied  on  the  first  Sum¬ 
mer,  unless  possibly  some  late  celery  could 
be  placed  on  part  of  it.  The  question  is, 
whether  by  going  In  debt  about  $200  more 
would  three  or  four  good  cows  do  the  sus¬ 
taining  act  along  with  the  little  truck  that 
could  be  raised  until  the  land  could  be  put 
in  shape  for  the  following  year.  Grain 
would  have  to  be  bought,  the  roughage  be¬ 
ing  raised.  Would  butter  or  milk  pay  the 
best,  cows  chosen  accordingly?  Butter  al¬ 
ways  brings  from  25  to  40  cents  a  pound 
retail,  and  milk  three  and  four  cents  a 
quart,  wholesale.  The  farm  is  located  not 
quite  a  mile  from  a  lake  that  is  populated  in 
the  Summer  by  moneyed  people,  and  is  a 
good  market.  There  are  about  10  acres, 
not  including  swamp,  that  will  raise  almost 
any  truck,  including  melons. 

Ans. — It  will  be  possible  for  some  men 
to  make  good  under  such  conditions, 
while  others  would  certainly  fail.  Thus 
it  depends  on  the  man  and  his  family, 
and  no  general  opinion  would  be  worth 
the  paper  it  was  written  on — unless  we 
could  see  the  men  and  talk  with  him.  On 
such  a  farm,  with  economy  and  hard 
work,  it  would  be  possible  to  start  and 
live,  but  it  would  be  a  struggle  for  a 
strong  man.  With  that  local  market 
milk  retailed  ought  to  pay,  but  at 
wholesale  prices  butter  would  pay  bet¬ 
ter — leaving  the  skim-milk  for  feeding. 
Potatoes  usually  sell  well  in  that  lo¬ 
cality.  Start  first  with  a  good  garden 
and  determine  to  get  most  of  your  food 
out  of  it.  Start  small  fruits  at  once, 
and  pick  out  one  or  two  good  crops 
which  are  fitted  to  your  labor  and  skill. 


POINTS  FOR  THAT  HEN  WOMAN. 

The  statement  of  the  Massachusetts 
woman  on  page  16  is  very  interesting. 
But  I  do  not  think  her  test  is  quite  fair 
to  good  birds,  or  even  to  the  birds  she 
has.  Given  a  flock  of  900,  all  sold  ex¬ 
cept  154,  is  it  not  highly  probable  that 
the  remaining  154,  were  the  least  desir¬ 
able  members  of  the  original  flock? 
Should  one  expect  the  average  amount  of 
good  work  from  them?  Then,  when  154 
can  easily  be  cared  for  by  one  person, 
should  the  board  of  the  owner,  and 
two  hired  men,  be  charged  to  them? 
Now  perhaps  E.  II.  has  more  than  three 
people  to  feed  on  $20  per  week,  and  if 
so  she  will  pardon  me  I  am  sure,  when  I 
say  that  it  seems  a  bit  expensive  for 
three  people.  I  think  she  will  soon  find 
that  the  food  of  154  birds  can  be  kept 
down  to  about  $3.50  per  week,  with 
satisfactory  results.  The  very  heavy 
feeding  during  December,  of  which  she 
speaks,  cannot  safely  be  kept  up  very 
long,  especially  if  her  birds  belong  to 
the  American  class. 

Just  one  more  thing.  During  a  six 
years’  experience  with  poultry  and 
“help,”  I  have  readied  the  conclusion 
that  the  combination  is  a  poor  one,  un¬ 
less  the  owner  is  so  placed  that  she  can 
do  the  feeding  herself,  and  give  time 
each  day  to  careful  oversight  of  details. 
Otherwise  she  runs  considerable  risk  of 
failure.  Either  the  hens  will  grow  fat 
and  lazy  from  overfeeding,  or  she  will 
suddenly  find  herself  in  the  midst  of  an 
epidemic  that  might  have  been  avoided, 
by  the  early  removal  of  one  or  two  sick 
birds.  Or  a  brooder  lid  will  be  left  open, 
in  a  pouring  rain,  and  a  promising  lot 
of  baby  chicks  drowned,  as  happened 
here.  The  person  who  feels  the  greatest 
interest  in  the  birds,  must  do  the  feeding 
and  take  the  responsibility.  But  E.  H. 
was  certainly  wise  in  deciding  not  to  im¬ 
port  fresh  birds  (and  fresh  diseases), 
on  her  farm  each  Spring.  Better  the 
evils  at  hand,  than  unpleasant  surprises. 

Albany  Co.,  N.  Y.  c.  c.  fraleigh. 


I  Built  this  Maxwell  Especially 

for  Farmers 


Top,  wind  shield,  and  gras  lamps  extra 


T  AST  year  we  sold  4,227  Maxwells  to  farmers.  Think 
of  it!  This  so  stirred  my  enthusiasm  that  I  resolved 
to  design  a  car  for  farmers  especially.  One  that  would 
stand  the  hardships  and  terrific  punishment  of  rough 
farm  work,  and  yet  stand  up  365  days  in  the  year. 


Typical  Farmers*  Car 

Operating  a  farm  myself,  I  knew 
what  was  wanted.  I  knew  the 
car  must  be  substantially  built 
of  first-class  materials.  That  it 
must  be  a  big  car,  adaptable 
both  for  business  and  pleasure. 
That  it  must  possess  ample 
power.  That  it  must  possess 
simplicity  and  accessibility  of 
parts.  Above  all,  it  must  be  a 
car  of  stylish  lines  and  dignified 
appearance.  Such  a  car  I  built. 
When  I  figured  up  manufactur¬ 
ing  cost,  to  my  great  surprise  I 
found  that  owing  to  the  tre¬ 
mendous  Maxwell  facilities  and 
output  I  could  sell  this  car  at 
the  exceedingly  low  price  of 
$950.  Such  car  value  was  never 
before  known. 


Not  a  City  Car 


It  doesn’t  pay  to  sell  a  car  built 
for  city  use — fine  boulevards 
and  macadam  roads — telling 
the  farmer  it  is  the  ideal  car 
for  the  country.  This  policy 
may  sell  the  first  car,  but  never 
the  second. 

Ask  any  Maxwell  Owner 

Ask  any  Maxwell  owner  what 
it  has  cost  him,  saved  him  and 
produced  for  him.  How  it  has 
saved  his  horses.  How  it  has 
kept  young  men  with  their 
father  on  the  farm  because  of 
its  money-making  possibilities. 
Ask  h  im  how  it  compares  in 
expense  with  horse-drawn 
vehicles  —  if  it  is  a  paying 
investment. 


Be  My  Guest  Call  on  the  nearest  Maxwell  dealer.  I  have 

—  - - -  -  arranged  for  him  to  invite  you  and  your 

family  to  ride  in  any  Maxwell  you  select — at  my  expense.  Be 
sure  and  try  the  Model  AB  —  the  new  16  H.  P.  Farmers’ 
Runabout  at  $600.  Satisfy  yourself  that  all  Maxwells  work 
alike — that  they  are  equally  reliable.  The  car  will  save  you 
money,  just  as  it  has  40,726  other  Maxwell  owners. 


Here’s  the  Car 


you 


*ve  waited 


for  at  a  price 

you  can  afford. 


These  Books 
Free 

Let  me  send  you 
our  latest  cata¬ 
logue,  new  “Farm¬ 
ers’  Economy 
Booklet ’’and  other 
timely  literature.  I 
will  gladly  send  you 
these  books  free — 
and  no  obligation. 
Write  me  today.  A 
postal  will  do.  Just 
say,  “ Mail  Books.  ’  ’ 


/‘resident  and 
General  Manager 


SALE  OP  MAXWELLS  TO  DATE  M  AXWELL-BRISCOE  MOTOR  CO. 

Art  Street,  Tarrytown,  N.  Y. 


Sold  to  Nov.  30,  1910 
Sold  during  Dec.  1910 
Maxwells  in  use  today 


-  40,176 

550 

-  40,726 


WATCH  THE  FIGURES  GROW 


Licensed  under  Selden  Patent 


Sawdust  as  Mulch. 

Would  coarso  white  pine  sawdust,  left  to 
the  weather  six  or  eight  years,  do  as  a 
mulch  and  Winter  cover  one  or  two  inches 
thick  on  a  strawberry  bed?  h.  w.  s. 

Billerica,  Mass. 

The  trouble  with  such  material  Is  that 
It  packs  down  over  the .  plants  and  may 
smother  them.  We  have  known  forest 
leaves  to  mat  down  when  damp  and  kill 
the  plants.  Coarse  material  like  strawy 
manure,  coarse  straw  or  vines  is  best, 
ibis  covering  will  hold  the  frost  in  the 
soil  and  still  give  the  plants  air.  We 
have  not  found  anything  better  than  cow- 
pea  or  bean  vines.  We  would  not  use  this 
sawdust. 


Boston 

Buffalo 

Washington 

Newcastle 

Toledo 

Kansas  City 

Omaha 


BR.AKTCH 

New  York 
Atlanta 
Charlotte 
Cleveland 
South  Bend 
St.  IiOixis 
Des  Moines 


Albany 
Philadelphia 
Chicago 
Columbus 
Minnea  polis 
Bos  Angeles 
Salt  Bake  City 


Syracuse 

Pittsburgh 

Indianapolis 

Detroit 

Dallas 

San  Francisco 
t 


February  4, 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


PREPARING  SWAMP  FOR  ONIONS. 

C.  G.  L.  (No  Address — 1  am  interested 
In  onion  culture.  I  have  considerable  swamp 
land  we  could  drain.  Would  this  land 
bring  onions  the  first  year?  There  is  a  lot 
of  old  swamp  grass  on  most  of  it  I 
notice  the  Hope  Farm  man  uses  seed  when 
he  grows  onions.  Wouldn't  onion  sets  be 
less  trouble?  We  always  used  sets  and 
raise  a  few  in  the  garden. 

Ans. — We  should  not  care  to  drain 
the  average  swamp,  plow  and  plant 
onions  for  the  first  crop.  Onions  re¬ 
quire  very  careful  cultivation  and  are 
hard  to  keep  clean.  Much  hand  work  is 
required,  and  we  would  rather  precede 
them  with  a  cleaning  crop.  Corn  or 
cabbage  grown  in  hills,  worked  both 
ways  and  hand-hoed  will  clean  the  land 
and  prepare  it  for  onions.  Be  sure  to 
use  a  good  dressing  of  lime  before  you 
plant  onions.  You  can  use  sets  if  you 
like,  but  they  will  prove  more  expen¬ 
sive  than  seed  or  seedling  plants  such  as 
are  used  at  Hope  Farm. 


MAINE  POTATO  BOOM  ON  DECLINE 

The  potato  boom  in  central  Maine  has 
begun  to  slump.  Men  who  were  declaring 
a  year  ago  that  the  market  could  never  be 
glutted  with  first  quality  stock  now  frankly 
admit  their  error,  and  are  making  plans 
accordingly.  It  has  been  a  hard  lesson  for 
many,  but  good  will  come  from  it  in  the 
end.  Diversified  farming  with  stock  hus¬ 
bandry  as  the  leading  feature,  will  now 
occupy  the  place  to  which  it  was  assigned 
by  both  experience  and  science  many  years 
ago.  Thousands  of  acres  that  were  plowed 
for  potatoes  last  Fall  will  be  planted  with 
corn  instead,  and  the  flocks  and  herds  will 
flourish  accordingly.  The  sheep  industry 
will  show  the  results  of  the  transition  first, 
with  poultry,  swine  and  dairy  cattle  fol¬ 
lowing  in  the  order  given. 

The  fertilizer  companies  have  been  pri¬ 
marily  responsible  for  the  renewed  interest 
in  corn.  Special  prizes  offered  in  connec¬ 
tion  with  the  New  England  Corn  Exposi¬ 
tion  put  the  limelight  upon  the  fact  that 
more  food  can  be  grown  per  acre  right 
here  in  the  far  East  than  anywhere  else  in 
the  United  States.  Results  obtained  by 
practical  farmers  working  under  ordinary 
conditions  have  been  held  up  to  the  public 
with  great  effect.  The  methods  employed 
have  been  emphasized,  until  the  average 
man  feels  sure  that  he  can  go  and  do 
likewise  and  be  sure  of  getting  a  fair  re¬ 
turn  for  his  labor.  Sheep  will  come  first 
when  the  farmers  stock  up  with  something 
to  eat  the  corn  crop.  One  of  the  principal 
reasons  for  this  is  the  Somerset  and  Frank¬ 
lin  Sheep  Breeders’  Association,  which  has 
been  diligently  at  work  for  nearly  a  year, 
sounding  the  praises  of  the  “golden  hoof.” 
First  they  say  that  the  capital  required  is 
not  so  great  as  to  debar  any  interested 
farmer  from  getting  at  least  the  founda¬ 
tion  for  a  good  flock.  Then  the  returns 
eome  in  so  quickly  that  the  buyer  will  have 
his  sheep  and  the  money  too  at  the  end 
of  a  few  months,  or  else  stock  enough  to 
enlarge  rapidly  afterwards.  Finally  the 
profits  that  good  sheep  men  get  out  of  the 
business  seem  almost  incredible.  To  care 
for  sheep  is  not  so  exacting  as  chicken 
raising  or  dairying,  and  the  change  will  not 
make  the  ex-potato  grower  feel  that  he  is 
ti<fd  down  after  all. 

A  lot  of  that  corn  crop  will  be  turned 
into  eggs  and  chicken  meat,  unless  some¬ 
thing  unforeseen  upsets  the  carefully  laid 
plans  of  the  poultry  specialists.  Hero 
again  the  center  of  organized  activity  is 
in  Somerset  County,  where  two  poultry  pro¬ 
ducers’  associations  have  recently  been 
formed.  Poultrymen  insist  that  hens  have 
the  same  advantages  as  sheep,  only  more 
*o.  The  census  figures  prove  that  a  lot  of 
people  think  so,  too,  for  the  fowls  kept  in 
the  county  have  doubled  in  number  within 
a  very  few  years.  The  producer  gets  more 
out  of  the  consumer’s  dollar  when  he  raises 
poultry  and  eggs  than  from  anything  else 
turned  into  the  usual  channels  of  trade. 
Freight  and  express  rates  are  lower  in 
proportion  to  the  value  than  on  other  food 
products,  and  the  competition  among  the 
traders  keeps  their  margin  of  profit  down. 
Still  the  poultrymen  are  wise  to  the  fact 
that  the  margin  can  be  still  further  re¬ 
duced  by  co-operative  organization  and 
marketing.  They  propose  to  get  together 
and  grade  their  stock  with  extreme  care, 
and  then  work  to  cut  out  every  super¬ 
fluous  middleman.  They  will  not  have  to 
buck  the  beef  trust  either.  The  way  was 
paved  for  comprehensive  plans  in  up-to- 
date  breeding  when  the  Somerset  Poultry 
Producers’  Association  held  the  first  show 
at  Skowhegan.  Everything  was  on  a  busi¬ 
ness  basis,  and  in  the  fat  stock  classes  the 
birds  were  killed  and  picked  then  drawn 
and  trussed  before  the  judges  said  which 
was  which.  It  took  something  besides 
feathers  to  win  in  that  class,  and  everybody 
said  it  was  the  most  interesting  thing  of 
the  kind  they  had  ever  seen. 

Swine  will  take  a  back  seat  as  com¬ 
pared  with  sheep  and  poultry,  chiefly  be¬ 
cause  the  breeders  have  not  taken  the 
trouble  to  organize.  Several  progressive 
farmers  have  demonstrated  that  pork  can 
be  grown  on  the  products  of  a  Maine  farm 
and  marketed  at  a  good  profit,  but  the 
how  and  the  why  makes,  slow  progress 
around  the  State.  Organized  effort  would 
work  wonders  with  the  business,  but  noth¬ 
ing  of  the  kind  is  in  sight,  so  the  pig  is 
likely  to  keep  on  for  a  time  as  a  side 
issue  m  the  dairy  business.  The  lovers  of 
the  dairy  business  insist  that  it  is  the 
corner-stone  of  good  farming,  and  when 
the  cow  keepers  take  out  their  wallets  to 
buy  stuff  from  the  hard-nressed  potato 
growers,  there  is  something  besides  the 
man  to  talk.  It  may  be  smart  to  joke 
about  the  unprogressive  farmers,  but  the 
stand-patters  in  the  midst  of  the  potato 
boom  have  got  the  best  laugh.  Every  one 
of  them  who  kept  on  raising  a  variety  of 
crops  and  animals  has  had  plenty  of 
stuff  to  sell  and  at  prices  that  would  have 
looked  impossible  10  years  ago. 

The  dairy  industry  is  well  organized  too, 
in  addition  to  enjoying  strong  support 
from  the  Department  of  Agriculture.  The 
Maine  Dairymen’s  Association  is  an  old 
organization  now  taking  a  new  lease  of 
life.  Meetings  were  held  last  Fall  in  every 
county,  and  much  interest  aroused,  but  the 
newer  cow  testing  associations  are  what  is 
making  things  happen.  These  organizations 
are  strictly  local,  and  the  members  get 


together  every  month.  Then  they  talk 
farts  and  business.  While  they  go  by  the 
name  of  cow -testing  associations, .  man-test¬ 
ing  would  be  more  accurate.  Dairy  ac¬ 
counting  is  the  primary  work  they  are 
doing.  Then  when  the  members  get  to¬ 
gether  they  have  records  to  compare,  and 
after  that  it  doesn't  take  them  long  to  see 
who’s  who.  The  next  step  is  to  look  into 
the  whys  and  wherefores,  and  after  that 
progress  is  both  rapid  and  sure. 

Humanity  likes  to  be  shown,  and  farm¬ 
ers  are  no  exception  to  the  general  run. 
Those  members  of  the  cow  test  associations 
who  can  look  back  upon  the  progress  made 
since  they  began  to  have  records  of  what 
their  herds  were  doing  are  now  beginning 
to  think  that  perhaps  there  are  other  de¬ 
partments  of  the  farm  that  could  be  braced 
up  in  a  similar  manner.  Bookkeeping  by 
the  individual  farmer  is  practically  out 
of  the  question,  but  organized  into  an 
association  the  problem  becomes  very  sim¬ 
ple.  That  system  has  worked  wonders  in 
Denmark,  and  lots  of  the  progressive  ones 
who  have  read  up  on  it,  are  wondering 
how  much  longer  they  can  afford  to  be 
without  it  here  in  Maine.  Under  the  Dan¬ 
ish  system  each  member  of  the  accounting 
association  is  visited  at  intervals  by  an 
agricultural  expert,  and  after  a  few  years 
a  system  of  cropping  is  developed  that  is 
especially  adapted  to  that  particular  farm. 
This  gives  the  maximum  profit,  keeps  the 
agriculture  properly  diversified  and  makes 
such  booms  and  slumps  as  are  afflicting 
the  potato  industry  impossible.  If  it  were 
not  for  the  financial  condition  of  the  State 
there  would  be  a  strong  demand  for  the 
Department  of  Agriculture  to  make  a  start 
towards  introducing  the  Danish  system 
next  year,  and  even  at  that  ifmay  be  done 
anyhow.  There  is  plenty  of  money  avail¬ 
able  if  it  were  properly  expended. 

JOHN  E.  TAYLOR. 


GALLOWAY 


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as  I  make  on  the  class  of  engine  I  sell  has  ever  been  made  before  in  all  Gasoline  Engine 
history.  Here  is  the  secret  and  reason  :  I  turn  them  out  all  alike  by  the  thousands  in  my 
enormous  modern  factory,  equipped  with  automatic  machinery.  I  sell  them  direct  to  you 
for  less  money  than  some  factories  can  make  them  at  actual  shop  cost. 

All  you  pay  me  for  is  actual  raw  material,  labor  and  one  small  profit  (and  I  buy  my 
material  ;n  enormous  quantities) . 

Anybody  can  afford  and  might  just  as  well  have  a  high  grade  engine  when  he 
can  get  in  on  a  wholesale  deal  of  this  kind.  I*  m  doing  something  that  never  was 
done  before.  Think  of  it !  A  price  to  you  that  is  lower  than  dealers  and 
jobbers  can  buy  similar  engines  for,  in  carload  lots,  for  spot  cash. 

An  engine  that  is  made  so  good  in  the  factory  that  I  will  send  ^  _ 

ft  out  anywhere  in  the  U.  S.  without  an  expert  to  any  inexperienced 

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Write  today  for  my  beautiful  new  50-page  Engine  Book  in  four 
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gasoline  engine  on  the  farm.  Write  me — 

Wm.  Galloway,  Prom.,  Wm.  Galloway  Co. 
BBS  Galloway  Station,  Waterloo,  Iowa 


SUCCESS  WITH  AN  AIR  PRESSURE 
WATER  SYSTEM 

I  have  had  an  air  pressure  water  sys¬ 
tem  with  windmill  pump  on  my  place  for 
about  three  years.  I  have  an  eight-inch 
tile  well,  51  feet  deep,  with  about  12  feet , 
of  water  in  it,  and  the  bottom  cylinder,  a 
2% -inch  cylinder,  is  within  two  feet  of  . 
the  bottom.  At  the  top  of  the  well  there 
is  a  2  Mi  -inch  cylinder  with  an  air-cock,  so 
that  when  the  pet  cock  is  open  the  extra 
dimension  at  top  provides  for  pumping  air 
along  with  the  water.  My  tank  is  3x10 
feet,  and  supplies  bathroom,  toilet  and 
kitchen  and  furnace  (with  hot  water 
heater  in  kitchen).  My  mill  is  a  40-foot 
tower  with  a  10-foot  wheel  and  pumps  in 
a  very  light  air  with  oiling  once  a  week. 

I  have  the  weight  set  to  shut  off  at  about 
60  pounds  pressure  and  when  it  gets  to 
that  pressure  it  will  shut  off  even  in  a 
gale.  When  sufficient  water  has  been  used 
to  reduce  the  pressure  to  say  30  pounds 
or  so,  the  vane  begins  to  swing  around 
automatically  and  the  mill  begins  to  work. 

It  requires  no  attention  and  receives  none 
except  once  a  week  when  I  climb  the  tower 
and  oil  the  mill  and  look  over  the  various 
bolts  and  nuts  to  see  that  everything  is 
tight.  My  house  was  an  eight-room  farm¬ 
house,  buit  I  changed  four  rooms  to  make 
two  large  living  rooms,  and  besides  my 
wife  there  are  two  children.  I  take  a  cold 
bath  every  morning  the  year  round  and 
another  at  night  before  retiring  in  Summer, 
with  a  warm  bath  in  Winter.  The  rest  of 
the  family  are  equally  foud  of  the  water, 
and  we  find  the  arrangement  provides  us 
with  an  adequate  supply.  Since  we  have 
had  this  system  installed  I  use  a  hose  to 
water  garden  and  trees  and  I  think  the 
hose  can  be  used  for  say  an  hour  to  an 
hour  and  a  half  before  the  pressure  be¬ 
comes  too  low.  There  have  been  two 
periods  of  two  or  three  days  during  the 
time  we  have  had  the  system  where  a  con¬ 
tinued  calm  caused  us  to  use  up  all  the 
pressure ;  but  my  experience  is  that  no 
matter  how  calm  the  day  may  be,  one 
can  generally  depend  upon  at  least  a  light 
breeze  between  midnight  and  morning  to 
replace  any  pressure  lost  through  use.  The 
rest  of  the  time  I  have  had  more  than 
enough  water.  I  pulled  the  pipes  up  once 
to  see  why  the  mill  didn’t  pump  and  found 
a  small  piece  of  stone  caught  in  the  bottom 
valve,  and  although  it  wasn’t  necessary  I 
took  that  opportunity  to  change  the  leathers 
on  the  bottom  cylinder.  The  system  is 
satisfactory  and  should  I  buy  or  build  an¬ 
other  house  would  use  the  same  system — 
with  a  windmill  for  a  small  house  and  a 
gasoline  engine  if  the  house  were  a  large 
one.  The  only  defect  in  connection  with 
the  mill  that  could  be  improved  upon  is  a 
detail.  All  bolts  and  nuts  sent  with  the 
mill  outfit  should  have  square  heads,  and 
not  round  flat  heads,  and  should  be  sup¬ 
plied  with  washers,  to  provide  against  wear 
of  the  wooden  pumping  rod,  as  without 
washers  the  bolt  is  apt  to  wear  a  larger 
hole  than  required  for  its  passage,  thus 
making  the  wooden  rod  work  loose.  I 
remedied  this  myself  and  it  is  all  right. 
The  other  defect  which  should  be  improved 
is  that  the  galvanized  wire  connecting  the 
pressure  regulating  weight  with  the  vane- 
control  now  passes  through  a  small  hole- 
in  the  plate  of  the  mill-head.  Constant  fric¬ 
tion  will  wear  out  this  wire  at  that  point 
in  from  one  to  two  years,  requiring  re¬ 
placement  of  the  wire.  Otherwise  the  wire 
would  last  forever.  Of  course  the  above 
items  are  of  a  minor  character  and  do  not 
affect  the  usefulness  of  the  mill,  as  they 
are  easily  remedied.  Charles  l.  cook. 

Long  Island. 

Fruit  Trees,  Ornamental  Trees, 

SHRUBS  and  ROSES, 
SMALL  FRUIT  PLANTS 

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WHEELBARROW  If  JRSSJ  LABOR 

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Sows  Timothy,  Clover,  Alsike,  Alfalfa,  Millet,  Turnip,  etc. 
Two  sizes:  14  ft.  and  16  ft.  Auger  feed.  Wood  frame.  Satis¬ 
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does  not  handle  the  “STAR”  write  us  for  booklet. 

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Sec’y  Rome  Beauty  Growers’  Association 


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N.  WERTHEIMER  &  SON  WifKft 

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toes,  Bulbs,  Trees,  Shrubs  and  Small  Fruit  Plants.  Con¬ 
tains  lots  of  testimonials  from  our  customers.  It’s  free. 

FORD  SEED  CO.,  Dept.  24,  Ravenna,  Ohio. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  THAT  CROW 


All  Standard  Varieties.  Also  RASPBERRY,  BLACKBERRY. 
CURRANT  and  GRAPE  Planta  and  ASPARAGUS  Roots  in 
ASSORTMENT.  WARRANTED  TRUE-TO-NAME,  and  of 
GRADE  represented.  Catalog  with  Cultural  Instructions  FREE. 

C  E.  WHITTEN,  BOX  1*1 ,  BRIDGMAN.  MICHIGAN. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  for  Business.  Fancy 
Berries.  That’s  what  talks.  Leading  varieties. 
Catalogue  free.  D.  M.  TEETER.  Belleville,  Ohio. 

Most  Everyone  Has  a  Hobby. 

Ours  is  propagating  new  varieties  of  strawberries. 
After  a  thorough  test  and  proved  to  be  all-around 
best  of  all,  you  hear  us  say  something— otherwise 
we  bury  them.  Our  catalogue  for  1911  is  brimful 
of  new  ones,  and  conspicuously  absent  of  varieties 
that  have  been  but  cannot  come  back.  Early,  Mid- 
Season  and  Late.  We  were  the  introducers  of  the 
famous  “Stevens’  Late  Champion,”  a  book  on 
strawberry  culture,  with  every  catalogue  all  free 
for  the  asking.  •  „  , 

J.T.  GARRISON  &  SONS,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 


^BEAUTIFULLY  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOG 

{jl44  Large  ^ages— Mailed  Free 


(About  34  Natural  Size ) 

ESCHSCHOLTZIA  THORBURNI 

( California  Poppy) 

HARDY  annual.  Sow  outdoors  in  Spring. 
The  grandest  of  all  Eschscholtztas.  The 
unopened  buds  on  outer  side  of  petals 
are  of  the  deepest  crimson,  toning  down  on  the 
inner  side  to  bright  flame  color  and  molten 
gold.  We  will  mail  a  packet  of  this  valuable 
novelty  and  a  copy  of  our  beautiful  catalog 
the  best  Seed  annual  published  in  America  for 
only  IO  cents,  stamps  or  coin.  (Regular 
price  of  Seed,  15  cents  packet.)  Write  today. 

J.  M.  THORBURN  &  CO 

DEPT.  Y 

33  BARCLAY  ST„  NEW  YORK 


PLANTS 


Our  free  book 
quotes  lowest 
prices,  honestly  describes  60  varie¬ 
ties,  explains  C.  O.  D.  plan,  tells  how 
_ .  to  plant  and  grow  strawberries,  rasp¬ 
berries,  blackberries,  grapes,  etc.  .  „  Tr 

A.  G.  BLOUNT,  Dept.  A,  Hastings,  N.  Y. 


STRAWBERRY  Plante.  Send  for  free  catalog.  Large 
stock  Miller,  best  red  raspberry,  only  $5  per  1000.  Also, 
eggs  for  hatching.  Pure  W.  Wy.  and  B.  P.  R.,  26  eggs 
for  $L2o.  Slayslaker  &  Son,  Wyoming,  Del. 


WHOLESALE  PRICES 


On  Strawberry,  Raspberry,  Blackberry.  Gooseberry, 
Currant,  Asparagus  and  Grape  Plants,  Heavy  Rooteu, 
High  Grade  Stock.  IBtti  Annual  Catalogue  Free. 

Jl  R.  WESTON  &  CO,  R.  8  Bridgman,  Mick. 

POTATOES— Caiman.  Cobbler,  Coin,  Harvest,  Hebron,  Ohio, 
queen,  Longfellow,  Kinp:  85  hinds.  C.  W.  Ford,  Fishers.  N . Y. 


Why  Harris’ Seeds 
are  Surest  and  Best 

Seed  that  grows — that  gets  right  down  to  business  and  , 
makes  good  plants— is  the  only  kind  you  can  afford—  and 
it’s  the  kind  you  get  when  you  order  from  us.  Every  strain  of 
our  seed  has  a  pedigTee— has  made  a  record  for  years. 
Nearly  all  of  it  is  grown  on  our  own  farms ;  we  give  it  a 
careful  germination  test,  to  prove  just  how  much  of  it  is 
good.  When  we’ve  found  that  out,  we  print  it  on  a 
special  label  appearing  on  each  package,  so  that 

You  can  always  tell  how  much 
of  our  seed  will  come  up 

Think  of  what  that  means  1  You 
/jjyin1—  <:  pjVLV*  ~1  can  tell  when  you  plant  it,  whether 

-  -  -  *  to  sow  thick  or  light;  you  can  get 

just  the  stand  you  want  without 
resowing,  without  wasting  any 
seed,  and,  most  important  of  all, 
without  wasting  any  time. 

Our  free  Catalogue  contains 
valuable  information  about  Gar¬ 
den,  Field  and  Flower  Seeds. 
Write  for  it  NOW. 

JOSEPH  HARRIS  CO. 
__  ...  1  Moroton  Farm,  Box  31 

3°S  yf  3>  <*"&***.  \  CO  LOW  AT  E  R ,  H .  Y. 

-  A  - 


Van*  - 


191 1  - 


1D7 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


THOSE  NINE-DOLLAR  JERSEY  HENS. 

How  They  Earn  the  Money. 

Having  spent  a  number  of  years  on 
the  police  force  of  New  York,  and  al¬ 
ways  feeling  as  though  I  was  in  the 
wrong  place,  I  was  retired  upon  a  pen¬ 
sion  for  disability.  After  hanging  about 
the  city  for  a  few  months  I  came  here 
and  took  charge  of  this  farm.  It  was 
one  of  those  “abandoned  farms,”  having 
been  without  a  tenant  for  eight  years, 
and  almost  any  farmer  can  imagine  the 
state  it  was  in.  I  took  charge  Novem¬ 
ber  1,  1906,  and  had  30  White  Leghorn 
hens  to  start  with.  I  never  saw  an  egg 
for  nearly  three  months  and  by  that 
time  the  price  fell.  About  two  weeks 
after  they  began  laying  I  began  to  see 
signs  of  sickness,  but  the  trouble  was 
something  strange  to  me,  and  the  more 
I  tried  to  cure  the  more  sick  ones  I 
had.  I  had  purchased  three  turkeys  and 
thev  were  more  dead  than  alive  when 
they  arrived,  which  was  just  before  I 
noticed  sickness  among  the  liens.  About 
the  same  time  my  parents  came- to  live 
with  me,  bringing  about  100  liens  of  va¬ 
rious  breeds,  with  15  purebred  White 
\\  yandottes.  It  was  a  very  short  time 
after  their  arrival  before  I  had  more 
sick  ones  on  hand. 

We  were  then  getting  eggs,  now  and 
then,  and  we  set  all  that  we  thought  fit 
to  set,  using  incubators.  When  the 
chicks  hatched  numbers  of  them  showed 
signs  of  the  same  sickness.  At  last, 
when  discouraged  and  disgusted,  I  took 
the  ax  and  cut  the  heads  off  55  old 
hens  in  one  day,  and  buried  them;. then 
I  commenced  on  the  chicks,  and  before 
the  season  ended  I  killed  more  than  900 
of  them,  nearly  all  we  had.  From  that 
time  until  the  present  I  have  immediately 
killed  every  hen  showing  .signs  of  sick¬ 
ness,  and  to-day  I  think  we  have  as 
healthy  a  flock  as  can  be  found.  Two  of 
the  turkeys  died  and  the  other  one  looked 
as  though  it  would  do  the  same  only 
for  the  trouble  it  would  be.  The  whole 
season  was  lost,  as  far  as  poultry  was 
concerned,  but  we  started  fresh  the  next 
season  and  learned  a  “secret”  of  finding 
the  laying  hens,  and  got  busy  with  it  at 
once.  Being  a  little  skeptical  I  tried  it 
first  without  disposing  of  the  stock.  I 
kept  45  tested  hens  picked  from  the  whole 
flock,  leaving  75  which  I  picked  from 
as  culls,  but  was  somewhat  afraid  to 
dispose  of.  For  five  straight  months  the 
45  laid  more  eggs  every  day  than  the 
75,  and  then  I  was  convinced  I  had  the 
secret. 

The  greater  number  of  other  secrets 
which  are  published  in  book  form  would 
be  found  by  anyone  using  everyday 
sound  sense.  I  think  the  farm.  papersj 
as  well  as  newspapers,  are  responsible 
for  half  the  failures  in  the  poultry  busi¬ 
ness,  as  the  stories  and  advertisements 
they  publish  lead  so  many  to  think  there 
is  little  to  do  but  pick  up  the  eggs  and 
the  dollars.  Most  of  the  beginners  don't 
figure  on  the’  necessity  or  the  cost  of  a 
henhouse  and  a  thousand  other  things 
needed  to  conduct  a  business  of  suffi¬ 
cient  size  to  prove  profitable.  "It  is  a 
wonderfully  good  business  which  pays  25 
per  cent  on  the  investment,  but  the  ma¬ 
jority  of  poultrymen  or  beginners  in 
that  line  expect  more  than  1,000  per  cent, 
as  they  will  expend  $300  or  $350,  some¬ 
time  less,  and  expect  enough  profit  from 
the  investment  to  support  themselves 
and  family,  beside  putting  a  little  aside 
for  that  “rainy  day.”  No  one  can  do 
sufficient  business  to  claim  substantial 
profit  until  such  time  as  they  invest  at 
least  $1,000.  The  Corning  Brothers 
admit  $20,000.  The  possibilities  of  the 
poultry  business  are  unknown,  even 
when  one  confines  himself  to  the  market 
end,  regardless  of  the  prize  end. 

The  only-real  secret  in  the  whole  busi¬ 
ness  is  sound  sense,  and  if  that  is  lack¬ 
ing,  the  whole  thing  is  gone.  In  my 
mind  the  finding  of  a  good  market  is 
the  principle  concern  and  surely  the 
commission  merchant,  while  he  seems  a 
necessity  under  the  present  system  of 
distribution,  is  not  the  right  way.  The 
proper  way  is  to  go  direct  to  the  con¬ 
sumer,  which  can  be  done  with  little 
trouble,  as  one  satisfied  customer  will 
advertise  you  enough  to  tax  your  re¬ 
sources.  In  our  case,  we  are  simply 
unable  to  raise  enough  eggs  to  supply 
the  trade  which  comes  unsought.  Here 
is  an  instance:  During  my  visit  to  New 
York  in  December,  1910.  while  doing 
business  in  one  office  I  turned  away  or¬ 
ders  enough  to  require  120  dozen  per 
week  to  supply,  and  that  at  an  extra 
good  price.  It  must  be  admitted  the 
express  company  wants  more  than  their 
share,  but  we  must  submit  to  their 
wishes  until  such  time  as  the  farmers 
and  city  consumers  get  enough  wisdom 
to  demand  a  parcels  post,  but  until  then 
the  consumer  must  pay  all  bills.  While 
send  surplus  stock  to  the  commission 
merchant  I  can’t  say  that  I  like  to,  and 


I  don’t  know  how  to  dispose  of  chickens 
otherwise,  unless  one  is  near  some  mar¬ 
ket,  but  I  am  living  in  hope  of  seeing 
co-operation  among  farmers  and  then 
business  can  be  done  so  the  farmer  gets 
his  share  of  the  dollar. 

Having  put  things  in  good  running  or¬ 
der,  I  made  up  my  mind  to  improve  our 
stock.  I  purchased  300  “purebred  White 
Wyandotte  eggs”  for  use  in  incubator, 
and  I  paid  all  the  seller  asked,  but  never 
expected  so  much  for  my  money.  We 
hatched  about  90  from  the  300  eggs,  but 
they  should  be  seen  to  be  appreciated. 
I  could  have  established  a  new  breed 
with  the  chicks,  as  I  am  sure  the  Stand¬ 
ard  does  not  mention  anything  like 
them.  You  might  call  them  spotted 
Wyandotte  Leghorns,  as  they  resemble 
one  breed  as  much  as  the  other,  it  merely 
depended  upon  the  angle  of  sight.  I 
may  be  peculiar,  but  really  I  would 
have  been  as  well  satisfied  if  he  had 
sent  the  real  thing  I  ordered.  I  kept 
17  really  nice  ones,  and  the  others  went 
to  market.  Taking  the  turkey  deal  and 
the  300  egg  deal  I  found  I  was  doubting 
the  honesty  of  poultry  dealers,  and  I 
will  leave  you  to  judge  if  I  had  reason. 
I  have  since  declined  to  purchase  any¬ 
thing  in  the  line  until  I  see  it.  and  even 
then  you  sometimes  lose,  and  again  do 
better  than  either  party  thinks.  Having 
tried  various  henhouses  and  found  them 
lacking,  my  father  and  I  put  our  heads 
together  and  erected  one  on  our  own 
plans,  and  found  it  fills  every  want. 
While  it  may  not  be  perfection,  I  think 
it  will  be  such  with  a  few  minor  inter¬ 
nal  fixings.  I  have  invited  criticisms 
from  every  visitor,  but  in  three  years 
have  failed  to  hear  of  any.  At  any  rate, 
it  has  turned  our  attempts  into  sub¬ 
stantial  profits,  and  that  is  the  end 
Sought.  w.  J.  DOUGAN. 

New  Jersey. 

Wuux  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  X.-5 .  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
‘•a  square  deal."  See  guarantee  page  1G. 

EASY  CHANGE 

When  Coffee  Is  Doing  Harm. 

A  lady  writes  from  the  land  of  cotton 
of  the  results  of  a  four  years’  use  of  the 
food  beverage — hot  Postum. 

“Ever  since  I  can  remember  we  had 
used  coffee  three  times  a  day.  It  had  a 
more  or  less  injurious  effect  upon  us  all, 
and  I  myself  suffered  almost  death  from 
indigestion  and  nervousness  caused  by 
it. 

“I  know  it  was  that,  because  when  I 
would  leave  it  off  for  a  few  days  I 
would  feel  better.  But  it  was  hard  to 
give  it  up,  even  though  I  realized  how 
harmful  it  was  to  me. 

“At  last  I  found  a  perfectly  easy  way 
to  make  the  change.  Four  years  ago  I 
abandoned  the  coffee  habit  and  began  to 
drink  Postum,  and  I  also  influenced  the 
rest  of  the  family  to  do  the  same.  Even 
the  children  are  allowed  to  drink  it 
freely  as  they  do  water.  And  it  has 
done  us  all  great  good. 

“I  no  longer  suffer  from  indigestion, 
and  my  nerves  are  in  admirable  tone 
since  I  began  to  use  Postum.  We  never 
use  the  old  coffee  any  more. 

".We  appreciate  Postum  as  a  delight¬ 
ful  and  healthful  beverage,  which  not 
only  invigorates  but  supplies  the  best  of 
nourishment  as  well.”  Name  given  by 
Postum  Co.,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

Read  “The  Road  to  Wellville,”  in 
pkgs.  “There’s  a  Reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new 
one  appears  from  time  to  time.  They 
are  genuine,  true,  and  full  of  human 
interest. 

Choicest  Clover  Seed  we«»inthehearto(the 

- - -  clover  district.  Buying 

direct  from,  the  farmer  and  selling  direct  to  you 
gives  you  best  quality,  clean  seed,  and  saves  you 
money.  Also  handle  Alsike  and  Timothy.  Sample 
free  Order  now.  O.  M.  SCOTT  &  SON,  “Only 
beeds-mostly  clovers,”  10  Main  St.,  Marysville,  O. 


Choose  tested  seed  of  blown  vitality 
and  high  yielding  strain.  Why  take 
chances  when  you  can  buy  our  Blue 
Ribbon  Seeds— all  prize  seeds— as 
low  or  lower  than  others.  Don’t 
buy  any  seeds  until  you  read  our 
new,  valuable  book 

“The  Gateway  to 
Success” - FREE 

Crowded  with  information  every 
farmer  and  gardener  needs.  Explains 
low  prices,  describes  our  complete 
large  stocks  of  fine  Clovers  and 
Grass  Seeds,  Alfalfa,  Seed  Corn, 
Oats,  Cow  Peas,  Millet,  Sorghum, 
Rape,  Soja  Beans,  Potatoes,  Onion 
Sets,  etc.,  besides  the  finest  Vege¬ 
table  and  Flower  Seeds,  Lawn 
Grass.  Write  for  free  book  and  low 
prices  quick  while  stocks  are 
complete.  We  fill  all  orders  the  day 
they  are  received  and  guarantee 
seeds  true  to  name  and  descriptions 


WOOD,  STUBBS  &  CO., 

L.ouisville,  Ky. 


Planet  Jr. 


[No.  81  1  Planet  Jir 
Horse-Hoe,Culti- 
vator  and  Fur- 


rower  is  a  great  j 
implement  for  cul¬ 
tivating  and  hill¬ 
ing  crops  up  to  4  J 
feet  apart.  Com- 1 


pact,  . 


's.  strong,  I 
V  and 
steady-' 

'running. 


very  farmer  and  gardener 

who  wants  bigger  and  better  crops 
with  less  work  should  begin  this  spring 
to  use  Planet  Jr  tools.  Over  a  million 
[successful  tillers  of  the  soil  are  now  using 
them.  They  cut  down  labor,  save  time,  and  do 
more  effective  work  besides.  Fully  guaranteed. 


INo.  14 1  Planet  J* 
Double  -Wheel 
Di*c-Hoe,  Culti¬ 
vator  and  Plow 

has  three  adjustable 
discs  on  each  side, 
pronged  cultivator 
teeth,  and 
steels  for 
plowing, 
furrow¬ 
ing, and 
cover  ■ 
ing. 


Write  today 


for  the  56-page  1911  illustrated 
Planet  Jr  catalogue — full  of  labor- 
saving  implements  and  their  description  Free  and 

postpaid,  g  L  A||en  &  C<} 

Bor.  II07V 
Philada  Pa 


Jf 


Dibble’s  Farm  Seeds 

Have  given  such  excellent  results  since  their  introduction  twenty  years  ago  that  now  we 
are  considered  the  leading  mail  order,  strictly  Farm  Seed  firm  of  America.  We  do  not 
nave  a  single  salesman  on  the  road,  pay  no  commissions  or  travelling  expenses,  and  our 
immense  sales,  aggregating  several  million  pounds  of  Farm  Seeds  annually,  are  sold 
direct  from  our  1600-acre  Seed  Farms  through  the  United  States  mails. 

BUY  DIRECT 

^ppfi  PntatnPQ  gl'°An  in  the  cold  north.  60,000  bushels,  31  varieties,  all  that  is  newest 
and  host,  and  every  bushel,  to  the  best-  of  our  knowledge  and  belief, 
,  ,  .  saved  from  fields  that  were  free  from  blight  and  disease.  Plant 

healthy,  vigorous  seed  and  insure  your  crop.  Seed  Potatoes  are  comparatively  cheap 
this  year.  BUY  NOW. 

^PPfl  flatQ  Dibble’s  Twentieth  Century,  a  splendid  variety  that  lias  given  us  an  aver- 
age  yield  on  our  own  farms,  growing  150  to  200  acres  per  year  of  over  twice 
o  -1  v-.  x  ,t*le  average  yield  of  the  United  States  for  the  last  six  years.  Use  Dibble’s 
Seed  Oats  and  double  your  crops.  Also  a  new  Canadian  Oat  of  value  well  worth  trying. 
VV  e  sell  thoroughly  recleaned  Seed  Oats  as  low  as  65c.  per  bushel,  bags  free. 

Qpprl  finrn  Four  varieties  that  have  been  proven  best  by  test  on  our  own  seed  farms 
UPPU  UUIII  ill  field  culture.  Varieties  that  are  especially  adapted  to  the  Middle  and 
Eastern  States.  We  have  five  silos,  grow  1,000  tons  of  corn  for  ensilage 
annually,  besides  what  we  plant  for  husking,  and  know  what  we  are  talking  about.  Is 
not  our  experience  worth  something  to  you  V  We  offer  in  Mammoth  Yellow  Flint,  Early 
Yellow  I)ent,  improved  Learning  and  Mammoth  White  Dent  four  varieties  that  are  un¬ 
excelled,  pedigree  stock,  germination  high.  Price  as  low  as  50c.  per  acre  for  the  seed. 

Alfalfa,  Clover  and  Grass  Seeds,  D.  B.  Brand,  highest  grade  obtainable,  and  the 
same  as  we  use  on  our  own  Seed  Farms. 

SAVE  MONEY 

Now,  then,  we  want  you  to  know  more  about  Dibble’s  Farm  Seeds,  and  we  will  send  vou 
absolutely  FREE  for  the  asking,  Dibble’s  Farm  Seed  Catalog  for  1911;  two  little  books 
written  by  Mr.  Dibble,  entitled,  “Dibble  on  the  Potato”  and  “Dibble  on  Alfalfa.”  and 
liberal  samples  of  Oats,  Corn,  Alfalfa,  Clover  and  Grass  Seeds  for  testing.  Write  us 
right  now.  Address— 

EDWARD  F.  DIBBLE,  Seedgrower,  Box  B,  Honeoye  Falls,  N.  Y. 


Another  Sensation 

By  Henry  Field 

Certified  Seed  Corn 


CAUSED  a  sensation  when  I  first  announced  that  I’d  sell 
seed  com  in  thenar.  Then  I  caused  another  big  stir  by 
-aded  seed  corn.  After  that,  I  surprised  them 
all  again,  by  hand-picking  the  seed  corn 
,to  get  out  the  off-color  kernels.  But 
^here’s  my  1911  sensation — the  biggest  and 
best  idea  I’ve  ever  come  across — certi¬ 
fied  seed  corn — every  kernel  of  every  ear 
is  full  of  life,  vigor  and  vitality.  I  guar¬ 
antee  that  six  kernels  from  each  ear  have 
been  tested  for  germination  by  my  perfect 
testing  system  and  that  every  ear  from  which  all  six  kernels  did  not  sprout  strongly— 
has  been  discarded  for  feed.  You  know  that  this 

100%  Seed  Corn  Means  Bigger  Crops 


A  low  estimate  is  $5.00  to  $10 


Let  Me  Help  You 
With  Your  Corn 

I  want  to  help  you  with 
your  corn  if  I  can.  Ask  me 
about  cultivation,  rotation 
of  crops  and  anything  else 
pertaining  to  corn  and  corn 
growing. 

My  1911  Bo.ok  is  Free 

It’s  a  guide  to  good  seeds 
of  every  kind,  Don’t  place 
an  order  for  a  penny’s 
worth  till  you  read  my 
book.  Over 80  pages, 
illustrated  and 
quotes  prices 
that  prove 
big 

values. 


00  more  per  acre.  And  just  remember,  there's  no  exti 
work  for  you  connected  with  this  increase.  I’ve  re¬ 
lieved  you  of  all  worry  about  your  seed  corn.  My 
friends  know  me  and  they  know  I  wouldn’t  be  con¬ 
nected  with  anything  except  what’s  square.  I’ve  built 
up  one  of  the  biggest  seed  houses  in  America  by  giving 
bigvalue.by  being  honest  and  liberal  in  all  my  dealings. 
My  big  trade  depends  on  how  I  treat  my  customers, 
That  in  itself  is  usually  enough  of  a  guarantee.  But  I 
put  it  down  in  black  and  white.  My  100%  seed  corn  is 

Tested  and  Guaranteed 

You  can  get  my  100%  seed  corn  in  any  variety  you 
want — and  you  can  depend  that  it’s  the  cream  of  this 
great  seed  corn  section.  And  you  can  have  my  100% 
seed  corn  in  the  ear  or  shelled  and  graded.  Price  the 
same,  and  either  way  I’ll  send  you  any  quantity  on 
10  days  approval.  Then  if  you  want  your  money  back 
— simply  write  me  and  I’ll  refund  your  money. 

Write  Me  For  All  Facts 

My  supply  of  this  special  stock  of  seed  corn  is 
limited  this  year,  but  if  you  write  me  how  much  you’ll 
want  if  it's  satisfactory ,  I'll  set  that  amount  aside  for  a 
few  days.  First  come,  first  served 
— so  write  me  now.  I’ll  send  you 
samples  free  if  you  ask  for  them. 

Of  course  I’ll  also  send  you  my 
big  191 1  free  seed  book  and  I  know 
you’ll  find  lots  of  things  in  it  to 
interest  you.  Just  write  me  that 
postal  now  and  send  it  by  first  mail. 
Address  it  personally  to  me — 

Henry  Field,  President 


Henry  Field 
Seed  Company, 

Box.  26 

Shenandoah, 


f 


Iowa 


12« 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


February  4, 


“BACK.  TO  THE  LAND.” 

No  Drudgery  on  this  Farm. 

Foolish  as  it  is  for  city  people  to  at¬ 
tempt  to  draw  a  graphic  picture  of  the 
hard  lot  of  the  poor  downtrodden 
farmer  talk  whiningly  of  the  drudgery 
farmer  takes  up  the  same  story.  I  feel 
an  inclination  to  battle  when  I  hear  a 
fearmer  talk  whiningly  of  the  drudgery 
of  the  farm,  as  though  that  was  all 
there  is  connected  with  farm  life.  And 
then  to  complain  that  the  young  folks 
won't  stay  on  the  farm !  It  makes  me 
feel  much  as  though  some  one  were 
slandering  a  friend  of  mine.  There  is 
drudgery  anywhere,  when  work  is  done 
grudgingly  in  a  half-hearted  manner. 
We  do  not  always  get  a  square  deal, 
and  when  I  can  see  a  chance  to  place 
a  kick  where  it  is  likely  to  be  effective 
toward  bettering  our  condition,  I  will 
kick  hard,  but  this  kicking  at  our  own 
business  does  a  lot  of  harm  and  no  good. 
I  would  like  to  tell  of  a  young  man 
with  whom  I  am  very  intimate,  who 
grew  up  on  a  farm  with  little  love  for 
the  business,  and  with  no  definite  idea 
as  to  what  his  own  life’s  work  would 
be.  He  married  rather  young  and  found 
himself  with  the  responsibilities  of  sup¬ 
porting  a  family,  with  no  means  and  no 
special  training  that  would  fit  him  for 
any  position  above  that  of  a  day  laborer. 
Like  many  another  farmer’s  son,  he 
went  to  the  city,  only  to  find  that  city 
life  is  not  so  gay  as  it  looks  from  a 
distance,  and  that  city  people  have 
troubles  just  as  hard  to  bear  as  those 
in  the  country. 

About  this  time  he  met  a  man  who 
is  an  enthusiastic  farmer  and  a  cham¬ 
pion  of  intensive  culture.  From  this 
man  he  gradually  acquired  much  infor¬ 
mation,  faith  and  enthusiasm,  and  finally 
decided  to  take  up  farming  as  his  life’s 
work.  He  worked  and  saved  with  this 
in  mind  for  several  years.  Then  we 
find  him  with  a  capital  of  $1150  and  a 
determination  to  make  a  start  for  him¬ 
self.  He  bought  10  acres  of  land  with 
buildings  on  for  $1200.  The  house  was 
fairly  good,  but  the  other  buildings  were 
very  poor,  and  the  place  had  been  al¬ 
lowed  to  go  to  rack  generally.  The 
water  from  one  side  of  the  house  roof 
ran  back  under  the  porch  and  down  cel¬ 
lar.  The  surface  water  ran  into  the 
well  until  it  was  unfit  to  use;  the  yard 
was  full  of  rubbish,  what  fences  there 
were  were  in  the  most  dilapidated  con¬ 
dition  possible  and  the  kitchen  garden 
was  the  only  spot  on  the  place  that 
would  produce  a  good  crop  as  it  was. 
There  was  not  an  acre  in  any  one  piece 
that  did  not  need  ditching,  and  much  of 
it  was  practically  useless  without  it.  A 
tough-looking  proposition  for  a  man 
with  all  his  money  invested  in  the  real 
estate,  $50  in  debt  and  no  outfit  to  begin 
operations  with?  Yes,  but  there  was  to 
be  no  drudgery  here. 

He  took  hold  of  this  job  with  some¬ 
thing  of  the  spirit  of  the  contest,  fully 
realizing  that  there  were  mountains  of 
hard  work  and  not  a  few  obstacles 
ahead,  and  that  he  was  not  well  fitted 
himself  for  this  kind  of  work.  He 
proposed  to  transform  this  place  into  a 
pleasant,  comfortable  home,  and  to  make 
the  land  both  productive  and  profitable. 
It  was  a  big  game,  but  the  object  was 
worth  the  effort,  and  he  was  going  in  to 
win.  His  plan  was  to  begin  market  gar¬ 
dening  and  gradually  work  into  the 
berry  business,  or  combine  the  two.  This 
was  in  the  Spring  of  1906,  the  fourth  of 
May  when  he  took  possession.  It  re¬ 
quired  two  weeks  of  hard  work  to  get 
the  house  and  surroundings  in  some¬ 
thing  of  a  respectable  and  sanitary  con¬ 
dition.  One  of  the  first  things  done  was 
to  gather  up  about  four  bushels  of 
broken  whisky  jugs  and  bottles,  a  tem¬ 
perance  sermon  in  itself  after  looking 
over  the  place.  It  was  now  too  late  to 
think  of  ditching,  or  of  any  very  ex¬ 
tensive  farm  operations  this  year.  He 
planted  the  kitchen  garden,  two  acres  of 
potatoes,  a  few  strawberries  and  other 
things,  but  the  important  thing  was  to 
get  the  place  in  better  condition  for 
next  year.  The  difficulty  was  to  find 
time  to  do  it  and  at  the  same  time 
make  a  living  for  the  family.  He  worked 
for  the  neighbors,  took  care  of  his 
crops  the  best  he  could,  and  did  some 
work  toward  next  year’s  crops.  An 
extremely  wet  spell  in  August  ruined  the 
best  of  the  potatoes  and  some  other 
things,  and  showed  him  more  forcibly 
the  need  of  drainage.  The  income  from 
the  place  that  season  was  very  small 
indeed.  The  next  year,  1907,  it  will 


be  remembered  was  a  very  hard  year 
for  farmers  everywhere.  The  total  in¬ 
come  from  his  farm  was  $350.  The 
Winter  was  spent  as  the  previous  one 
had  been,  in  ditching,  hauling  manure 
from  town  and  working  by  the  day  to 
keep  down  expenses.  Since  then  there 
has  been,  a  gradual  improvement  all 
around. 

Last  Summer  the  returns  from  the 
place  were  $735,  and  he  had  all  his  own 
butter,  eggs,  vegetables,  fruit  and  meat 
enough  for  the  Winter.  Then  he  earned 
enough  last  year  by  outside  work  in  the 
Winter  to  pay  all  cash  expense  of  run¬ 
ning  the  place.  Better  than  the  increase 
in  the  cash  returns  is  the  fact  that  the 
place  is  becoming  more  productive  every 
year,  and  best  of  all,  the  manager  is 
becoming  more  capable  and  efficient  in 
his  work,  and  he  expects  to  keep  on 
improving  both  himself  and  the  farm. 
He  has  never  said  anything  about  drud¬ 
gery.  Although  he  has  been  fighting 
his  way  up  under  difficulties,  he  has 
enjoyed  it  immensely.  Many  times  he 
has  gone  to  his  bed  so  tired  that  he 
could  not  lie  flat  enough,  but  feeling  as 
though  he  would  like  to  spread  out  all 
over  the  bed  until  he  would  hang  out 
over  both  edges ;  then  waken  in  the 
morning  and  jump  up  like  the  boys  go¬ 
ing  off  to  a  big  ball  game,  can  hardly 
get  the  fire  started  and  his  bit  of  chores 
done  quick  enough  to  get  out  and  at  it 
again.  He  has  two  inducements  to 
work,  the  necessity  of  providing  for  his 
family,  and  the  fun  of  the  thing,  and 
we  might  say  he  is  getting  double  pay. 
He  knows  what  it  is  to  experience  thrills 
of  pleasure  over  the  success  of  some  dif¬ 
ficult  undertaking  on  the  farm,  just  as 
keen  as  any  he  ever  knew  on  the  ball 
field,  and  he  was  something  of  a  ball 
player,  too.  He  wants  nobody’s  sym¬ 
pathy  because  he  is  a  farmer,  he  is  proud 
of  the  fact.  I  do  not  consider  this  any 
great  or  startling  success ;  in  fact  he  is 
just  getting  started,  but  if  lie  keeps  on 
improving  and  enjoys  his  work  in  pro¬ 
portion  he  will  certainly  have  a  jolly 
good  time  after  awhile.  Suppose  we 
consider  a  doctor,  a  lawyer  or  some 
others  whom  farmers  are  envying  for 
their  position,  in  this  man’s  place,  with 
only  a  common  school  education,  a  gen¬ 
eral  knowledge  of  the  work  in  which 
he  intends  to  engage,  and  what  he  can 
pick  up  by  promiscuous  reading,  mostly 
after  a  hard  day’s  work,  and  started 
under  difficulties,  would  we  expect  any 
great  success?  At  our  high  school  last 
year  several  farmers’  sons  graduated. 
One  is  now  studying  for  a  civil  en¬ 
gineer,  one  for  a  mechanical  draughts¬ 
man,  another  for  an  electrician,  etc.  Not 
one,  as  far  as  I  know,  intends  to  re¬ 
main  on  the  farm.  It  looks  as  though 
our  farmers  of  the  future  would  be 
those  who  drop  their  educational  work 
with  the  district  school  and  work  around 
the  neighborhood  until  they  get  married 
and  settle  down.  When  it  becomes 
more  common  for  farmers  to  give  their 
best  young  men  a  few  years’  training 
along  agricultural  lines,  and  then  keep 
them  on  the  farm,  we  shall  hear  less  of 
drudgery  and  the  poor  downtrodden 
farmer.  B.  v.  e. 

Sharon,  Pa. 


Oats  and  Peas  and  Alfalfa. — On  page 
55  W.  E.  C.  proposes  to  sow  Alfalfa  after 
oats  and  peas,  about  August  15.  I  should 
advise  him  not  to.  I  did  so  last  August 
and  the  oats  came  out  so  thick  as  to 
smother  the  Alfalfa  out.  Better  sow  on  cul¬ 
tivated  ground  kept  free  from  weeds  up  to 
August  10-15.  I  have  a  good  stand  by  this 
method.  h.  l.  h. 

Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y. 

R.  N.-Y.— It  might  be  better  if  the  oats 
and  peas  are  cut  very  early  for  hay — be¬ 
fore  they  go  to  seed. 

This  is  a  grain  and  fruit  country,  mostly 
corn,  oats,  rye  and  buckwheat.  Corn  is 
selling  for  65  to  70  cents  retail  a  bushel; 
oats,  40  to  50  cents ;  buckwheat,  50  to  60 
cents ;  buckwheat  flour,  $2.25  to  $2.50 ; 
hay,  $12  to  $15  ;  rye  straw,  $8  to  $9 ;  rye, 
70  to  80  cents  a  bushel;  milk,  five  to 
seven  cents  a  quart;  butter,  26  to  30  cents 
a  pound ;  eggs,  30  to  40  cents  a  dozen ; 
apples,  from  $2.50  to  $3.50  per  barrel,  and 
most  of  the  farmers  have  got  rid  of  their 
fruit  around  here.  A.  v. 

Midway,  N.  Y. 

Early  potatoes  were  good,  but  late  ones 
suffered  from  blight  and  dry  weather.  A 
good  many  farmers  in  our  vicinity  failed 
to  get  the  late  crop  dug.  They  can  be 
bought  for  60  to  75  cents  per  bushel.  Corn 
also  was  poor.  Many  crops  were  less  than 
two-thirds  owing  to  the  drought ;  price  off 
the  car  31  and  35  cents.  Oats  and  wheat 
were  good,  as  they  were  harvested  or  at¬ 
tained  their  growth  before  the  drought 
came  on.  Wheat,  90  cents ;  oats,  45  cents. 
Hay  was  fairly  good  ;  in  some  places  good. 
It  will  bring  now  anywhere  from  $17  to 
$18  per  ton.  We  have  marketed  our  but¬ 
ter  all  Winter  to  our  regular  customers  in 
town  (New  Castle)  for  38  cents  per  pound. 
Eggs,  strictly  fresh,  command  40  and  45 
cents.  The  price  of  poultry  has  been  fair ; 
turkeys  are  not  to  be  had  here  now ;  the 
dealers  offered  us  25  cents  dressed  just  be¬ 
fore  Christmas.  Calves  ready  for  veal  are 
12%  cents  dressed;  beef,  9%  to  10  cents. 
Pork  can  be  purchased  for  10  and  10%  cents 
dressed ;  lard,  20  cents.  Choice  apples  will 
bring  from  $2  up.  H.  J.  C. 

New  Castle,  Pa. 


OULDS 


Don’t  cro  to  the  well — be  up  to  date  and 
pump  the  water  to  your  house  and  barn. 

Goulds  Reliable  Pumps 

bring  to  the  farm  one  real 
advantage  of  the  city — water 
where  it  is  needed.  From 
our  complete  line  we  can 
meet  any  requirement  from 
the  cistern  pump  to  the  large 
power  pump  for  general 
water  supply,  including 
lift  and  force  pumps, 
thresher  pumps, 
hydraulic  rams,  pneu¬ 
matic  water  supply 
pumps,  rotary,  centri¬ 
fugal  and  irrigation 
pumps. 

The  name  Goulds  on 
every  one  marks  the  genu¬ 
ine.  Don’t  buy  any  pump 
until  you  ha-ve  read  our 
free  booklet — 

“Water  Supply  for  the  Home 

We  want  you  to  select  the  pump  best  adapted  to  your  conditions.1 
This  book  is  a  mine  of  valuable  information  on  the  subject.  Send  for  it. 

The  Goulds  Mfg.  Company,  Seneca  Falls,  N.  Y. 


Noll’s  Tested  Seeds 

EACH  YEAR  OUR  BUSINESS  9R0WS-S0  DO  OUR  SEEDS. 

A  TRIAL  MAKES  YOU  A  PERMANENT  CUSTOMER. 

SPECIAL  OFFER— PRIZE  COLLECTION 

12  named  New  Special  Varieties  Sweet  Peas. 
Special  colors.  Will  please  most  critical.  Worth 
separately  00c.  Send  only  30  CENTS  to  cover 
postage  and  packing  and  receive  SEEDS  POSTPAID, 
together  with  beautiful  112-page  GARDEN  and 
FLOWER  BOOK  (250  Illustrations)  Free. 

J.  F.  NOLL,  112  MULBERRY  STREET,  NEWARK,  N.  J.. 


it 


CORN  TALK 


99 


How  to  produce  a  maximum  crop  at  a  mini¬ 
mum  cost.  A  valuable  treatise  on  the  modern 
methods  in  Corn  Culture.  Many  new  sugges¬ 
tions  invaluable  to  Corn  raisers,  in  this  my 
revised  treatise.  It  tells  how  to  produce  100 
bushels  shelled  corn  per  acre  without  fertilizer 
or  manure,  and  at  the  same  time  increase  the 
productiveness  of  your  land.  Highest  compli¬ 
ments  upon  the  merits  of  this  book  received 
from  the  Agricultural  Colleges  from  a  number 
of  States.  FREE.  A  postal  card  will  bring  it. 

W.  OSCAR  COLLIER,  Corn  Specialist 
Easton,  Maryland 


"See  BEST  NEWand  STANDARD 

of  STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  at  reasonable 
prices  send  at  onoe  for  my  free,  large,  Illustrated 
catalogue.  Eggs  from  PRIZE-WINNING  R.  1. 
lteds  at  Washington,  Philadelphia  and  other  large 
shows — cheap,  and  I  Guarantee  Satisfaction. 

W.  S.  TODD,  Greenwood,  Del. 

of  the  Best  Varieties 


Descriptive  Catalogue 


Strawberry  Plants _ 

Free.  BASIL.  PERRY,  D.  18,  Cool  Spring,  Del. 

PLANTS  FOR  SALE— All  varieties  of  Early  and  Date 
Vegetable  Plants;  also  forty  varieties  Straw¬ 
berries;  prices  right;  established  twenty  years. 
Price  list  free.  S.  C.  ATHERTON,  Green  wood,  Del. 

STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  only  $1.50  &  $1.75  per  1000.  Illus. 
Catalogue  Free.  S.  A.  VIRDXN,  Hanly,  Del. 

THAT  YIELD.  Our  Sensation  Oats 
breaks  all  records.  Nothing  like  it. 
Also  SEED  CORN.  Samples  and  cat- 

THEO.  BURT  &  SONS,  MELROSE,  OHIO, 


OATS 


alog  free. 


B 


EST  SEED  POTATOES  SL. 

A.  0.  ALDRIDGE,  Fisher’s,  Ontario  County,  N.  Y. 


FOR  SALE— A1  Imported  Clydesdale  Oats,  $1.00  per 
bush.  CHARLES  SUMMERTON,  Sheridan,  N.Y. 


mm  NEWSEEDOATS.  Bigraonej 

M  in  right  kind  of  oats.  Here’* 

■  BK  H  your  chance.  1  mported  Canadian 

H  R  II  ■  seed  oats,  raised  on  Galloway 

■  H  Brothers’  big  iartn  in  Canada. 

SflFS  ■  New,  clean  land.  Regenerated 

Swedish  Select  went  116  bushels 
to  acre ;  Early  New  Market  110  bushels  to  acre.  Farmers  who 
bought  this  seed  from  us  last  year  raised  as  high  as  7S  to  100 
bushels  fn  this  country,  and  found  out  their  old  seed  was  inbred 
and  run  out.  Change  your  seed.  Try  some  of  this  new  seed, 
pend  for  free  sample,  or  10  cents  for  large  packet.  Will  also  send 
our  free  booklet,  entitled  “Big  Money  in  Oats  and  How  to  Grow 
Them.”  Galloway  Bros.-Bowman  Company 
662  Galloway  Station  Waterloo,  Iowa 

n/vai|>  c  Many  large  yielding 

Pill  Mm  I  Ut3  and  choicest  early  van. 
■  V  ■  I'  ■  etlt’S.  Ohio  Wonder, 

the  new  main  crop  variety  which  will  supersedethe  Car. 
man;  pure  white,  big  yielder.  Our  catalog,  sent  free, 
tells  about  it  and  al  1  other  seeds,  plants  and  trees.  Get  it. 
FORD  KKED  CO.,  Dept.  24  Ravenna,  Ohio, 

/"X  A  'T'  O  New  Victory  or  Rainy  Weather 
V/  A  1  O  Oats,  extra  heavy  yielders,  storm 
resisting,  and  best  for  low  bottom  land.  Price  75c; 
sack  free.  Cow  Horn  Turnip,  25c  per  pound. 
SIEGEL  the  SEEDSMAN,  ERIE,  PA. 

Pedigree  Seed  Potatoes 

Clyde,  white,  excellent  quality,  high  yielding 
strain,  bred  true  to  type.  400  bush,  per  acre  on  my 
farm.  Price,  $3.50  per  bbl.  sack,  165  lbs.  net. 

W.  Li.  HANNAH,  Brunswick,  Me. 

Peach  and  Apple  Trees 

For  fall  or  spring  planting.  Prices  right;  stock 
light.  MYER  &  SON,  Bridgeville,  Del. 


McKAV’S  Peach  Trees 
McHAY’S  Dwarf  Apple  Trees 
McHAV’S  Acre  Cherry  Orchard,  $15 
MchAY’S  Rose  Bushes  on  their  own  roots 
McKAY’S  Fertilizer  Chemicals 
McKAY’S  Agricultural  Lime, $3 perton 
McKAY’S  Catalogue  tells  about  them — and  more 
L.  McKay,  Geneva.  N.  Y. 


Bex  F 


SALESMEN  WANTED 

for  terms. 


Commis- 
_ „ .  Write 

PERRY  NURS- 


T0  SELL  TREES  AND  PLANTS  ERIES,  Rochester,  N.  Y, 

Hardy  Highland  Nursery  Stock 

Acclimated  to  Northern  climate.  Always  true  to 
label.  No  scale  ever  found  in  our  Nursery.  Send 
forcatalog.  L.M.  EMPIE,  Box  A,  Johnstown,  N.Y. 


i— 150  ACRES.  Genesee  Valley 
grown.  “Not  the  cheapest,  but 
the  best.’’  Never  have  had  San 
Jose  Scale.  Established  1869. 

oA-TAfAr  cd;c  geo.  A.  SWEET  NURSERY  CO., 
CATALOG  FREE  20  Maple  St.,  Dansville,  N.  Y. 


TREES 


Fruit  Tries  From  tire  Grower. 

Save  middlemen's  expense  and  get  them 
fresh  dug.  Catalog  free. 

WM.  J.  REILLY,  NURSERYMAN,  DANSVILLE.  N.  Y. 


850,000 


GRAPEVINES 

69  Varieties.  Also  Small  Fruits,  Trees,  etc.  Best  Root¬ 
ed  Stock,  Gcuuine,  cheap,  2  sample  vine*  mailed  for  10c.  Peso, 
price-list  free.  LK>VIS  ROESCH  A  SOX.  Box  K,  Kredonla,  X.  Y, 


GATALPA 


CDCPinCA  TDCCQ  Mine  are  true  to  name. 
01  tulUCA  I  IlLLu  Free  booklet  tells  all 
about  the  150  acres  I  am  growing  for  telephone 
poles.  H.  C.  ROGERS,  Box  1 11,  Mechanicsburo,  0. 


1911. 


ise 


A  Light  Running 
Hay  Loader 

BOOKLET  FREE 

The  fact  that  the  GEARLESS  HAY 
LOADER  has  no  gears,  no  chains,  no  sprock¬ 
ets  to  grind  and  consume  power,  makes  it  the 
lightest  draft  loader  on  the  market. 

Another  easy  running  feature— the  GEAR¬ 
LESS  does  not  drag  on  iron  shoes  as  other 
loaders  do,  but  runs  on  iron  wheels. 

Point  for  point— simplicity  of  construction, 
small  cost  of  operating  (but  one  man  re¬ 
quired),  small  expense  for  repairs,  lightness 
of  draft,  durability,  and  from  everv  other 
point  of  view— the  GEARLESS  stands  in  a 
class  by  itself. 

That  is  the  reason  why  farmers  everywhere 
are  discarding  loaders  with  gears  and  replac¬ 
ing  them  with  the  GEARLESS. 

Our  Free  Illustrated  Booklet  is  yours  for  the 
asking.  Write  for  it  today. 

LA  CROSSE  HAY  TOOL  CO. 

THIRTY-FIFTH  STREET,  CHICAGO  HEIGHTS,  ILL. 

EMPIRE  FENCE 

.Get  the  genuine  EMPIRE  big 
x  wire  fence,  direct,  at  wholesale. 
\Save  dealer’s  proilts. 

Big  Factory,  Big 
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,  traveling  salesmen,  small 
expense,  prices  low.  Every- 
—  -J  guaranteed.  Free  samples  by 
mall.  Prices  of  leading  styles  freight  pre¬ 
paid  to  all  points  north  of  the  Ohio  and 

• -  east  of  the  Mississippi  River 

Wires  Inches  high  Medium  Weight  Extra  heavy  (all  No.9) 

9  39  83c  per  rod  37c  per  rod 

10  47  86e  per  rod  41c  per  rod 

12  65  82c  per  rod  49e  per  rod 

Special  rates  beyond  this  territory. 

BOND  STEEL  POST  CO.,  23  E.  Maunee  St.,  Adrian,  Mich. 


Heaviest  Fence  Made 
Heaviest  Galvanizing 

We  make  160  styles.  Horse 
cattle,  sheep,  hog,  and  bull 
proof  fences  made  of  No.  9 
double  galvanized  wires 
and  absolutely  rust  proof 
Bargain  Prices: 

14  cents  per  Rod  Up 
Poultry  and  Rabbit  Proof 
Fences,  Lawn  Fences  and 
Gates.  Send  for  Catalog 
and  Free  sample  for  test. 
The  Brown  Fence  &  Wire  Co* 
Dept«  59  Cleveland,  Ohio 

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rr, 

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LAWN  FENCE 

Many  designs.  Cheap  as 
wood.  38  pace  Catalogue 
free.  Special  Prices  to 
Churches  and  Cemeteries. 
^Coiled  Spring  Fence  Co. 
Box  314  Winchester.  Ind. 


Cents  a  Rod 


For  18-In.  14  3-4e  for  22-In.  Hog 
Fence;  loe  for  26-inch;  18  8-4e 
for  32-inch;  25e  for  a  47-inch 
Farm  Fence.  48-inch  Poultry 
fence  28  l-2e.  Sold  on  30  days 
trial.  80  rod  spool  Ideal  Barb 
Wire  $1.45  Catalogue  free. 

KITSELMAN  BROS., 
Box  230  MUNCIE,  IND. 


FENCE 

Madeof  High  Carbon  Double  Strength 
Coiled  Wire.  Heavily  Galvanized  to 
prevent  rust.  Have  no  agents.  Sell  at 
factory  prices  on  30  days’  free  trial. 
We  pay  all  freight.  37  heights  of  farm 
and  poultry  fence.  Catalog  Free. 

COILED  SPRING  FENCE  CO. 
Box  263  Winchester,  Indiana. 


48  IN.Ff?ocaE  25c 

Best  high  carbon  coiled  steel 
wire.  Easy  to  stretch  over 
hills  and  hollows.  FREE 
Catalog — fences,  tools.  Buy 
from  factory  at  wholesale 
prices.  Write  today  to  Box  67 

MASON  FENCE  CO.,  LEESBURG,  O. 

’S  ARMY  AUCTION  BARGAINS 

11/1.00  SET  ARMY  POLE  HARNESS  $91 .85 
*A^SetArayl4»dTttmHanitts$17.95^1= 
Army  Saddles  $3.00  up 
ArmyShelterTenls  1.00  up 
,  ArmyUnif’ms,Dewl.25up, 
i  7-Shol  Ride  Carbine  3.50 
1  OldSide- Ann  Pistols. 50  up 
Side-Arm  Sword  .35  up 
ISEND  POSTAL  TO- DAY j 
TOR  FREE  CIRCULAR! 

LargeBt  stock  Government  Auction  Bargains  in  the  world.  16 
acres  required  for  ita  storage.  364-page  catalogue,  over  4.000 
ill  nitrations  of  army  and  navy  auction  goods.  Regular  Military 
Encyclopedia.  Mailed  for  15  centa  fatampa). 

CANNONS,  FLAGS.  PISTOLS,  RIFLES,  81’EARS,  DRUMS,  Ete. 

FRANCIS  BANNERMAN,  501  Broadway,  N.  Y» 


THE  RURAL 

INCOME  FROM  AN  “ORDINARY  FARM." 

As  you  have  several  times  requested 
reports  from  common  everyday  farmers 
on  ordinary  farms,  I  herewith  give  re¬ 
sults  from  dairy  on  Hill  Crest  Farm  for 
the  year  1910.  As  the  name  indicates  it 
is  on  the  crest  of  a  hill,  the  highest 
point  on  the  farm  being  at  an  elevation 
of  1,775  feet,  and  the  lowest  perhaps 
100  feet  less.  The  farm  consists  of  80 
acres,  of  which  about  15  is  timber,  leav¬ 
ing  about  65  for  pastures,  meadow  and 
other  crops.  Stock  at  present  consists 
of  10  cows,  Jerseys  and  grade  Jerseys, 
one  Jersey  bull,  one  yearling  heifer,  three 
young  calves,  three  horses,  one  hog,  a 
brood  sow,  and  about  100  head  of  poul¬ 
try.  The  working  force  is  a  man  64 
years  of  age,  his  wife,  58,  and  a  boy  of 
16.  No  labor  is  hired  except  grain  drill 
one  day,  binder  one  day,  corn  harvester 
and  silage  cutter,  a  day  or  two,  and 
thrashing  machine  about  one  day. 

As  to  results,  we  get  none  to  boast  of, 
quite  a  number  of  our  neighbors  having 
very  much  larger  incomes  than  we.  From 
our  cows  we  make  butter  for  regular 
customers  whom  we  supply  throughout 
the  year.  Skim-milk  is  fed  to  calves, 
hogs  and  poultry,  giving  cows  credit  for 
receipts  from  calves  and  hogs,  but  credit 
them  nothing  from  poultry,  as  it  is  not 
possible  accurately  to  estimate  how 
much  if  any  of  the  income  from  fowls 
is  due  to  the  milk.  From  January  1 
to  October  1,  1910,  we  had  eight  cows, 
and  from  October  1  to  December  31,  10 
cows.  All  freshened  during  the  Winter 
and  Spring,  and  all  were  dry  some  por¬ 
tion  of  the  year.  We  made  2,703  pounds 
of  butter,  of  which  2,557  pounds  were 
sold  at  an  average  of  33  cents  and  a 
fraction  per  pound,  or  a  total  of  $849.62. 
In  the  family  were  used  146  pounds, 
valued  at  $48.60,  making  a  total  value 
of  butter  $898.22,  an  average  of  $105.66 
per  cow  for  butter  alone.  For  butter¬ 
milk  sold  $5.10  was  received;  for  calves, 
$19 ;  for  calf  skin,  $1 ;  five  weeks  old 
pigs,  $30;  pork  sold,  $124.23;  butter 
sold  and  used,  $898.22,  making  the  total 
gross  income  from  cows,  $1,077.55;  calf 
on  hand  worth  $15.  Total  $1,092.55. 
Bought  feed  during  the  year  to  the 
amount  of  $443.64,  which  was  fed  to 
cows,  horses,  poultry  and  hogs,  and  a 
portion  of  the  time,  cows,  hogs  and  liens 
were  fed  from  the  same  bin,  hence  can¬ 
not  give  exact  cost  for  each,  though  the 
following  is  very  nearly  a  correct  divi¬ 
sion,  viz.,  cows,  $272;  horses,  $76;  fowls, 
$75.64  ;  hogs,  $20,  or  a  total  of  $292  cost 
for  cows  and  hogs  to  be  deducted  from 
the  gross  amount,  $1,092.55;  less  $292, 
leaves  $S00.55  net  (from  cows  for  home¬ 
grown  pasture,  hay  and  silage.  The 
gross  income  per  cow  was  $128.54,  net 
$94.18;  after  deducting  feed  purchased. 
As  stated  previously  no  account  is  made 
of  skim-milk  fed  to  poultry,  neither  is 
any  account  made  of  milk  and  cream 
used  in  family.  Sales  from  poultry  and 
other  small  items  brought  our  total  gross 
income  up  to  $1,475.56,  which,  consid¬ 
ering  all  the  circumstances,  is  fairly  sat¬ 
isfactory,  yet  after  paying  bills  and  mak¬ 
ing  some  improvements  on  buildings,  a 
new  silo,  etc.,  none  of  it  is  left.  It 
simply  shows  that  an  old  man  can  make 
a  living  on  a  small  farm,  and  a  young 
man  certainly  should  do  better  if  he  has 
the  staying  qualities. 

Otsego,  N.  Y.  chas.  bennington. 

R.  N.-Y. — Thus  it  appears  that  Mr. 
Bennington,  his  wife  and  son  get  their 
board  and  wages  from  the  farm — the 
wages  being  consumed  by  taxes,  im¬ 
provements  and  necessities. 


Killing  Out  “Dog  Grass.” 

IT.  L.  C.,  Rock,  Mass. — IIow  can  I  get 
clear  of  what  we  call  dog  grass  in  this 
sections?  It  is  the  grass  that  has  the  white- 
jointed  root  sharp  as  a  needle,  and  we  seem 
to  be  unable,  to  get  rid  of  it.  I  have,  about 
three  acres  in  two-year-old  peach  trees  where 
this  grass  bothers  the  life  out  of  me.  It 
has  got  the  best  of  me  for  two  years  in 
hoed  crops,  and  if  I  sod  it  for  a  year 
I  think  it  would  kill  everything  else  out! 

Ans. — This  is  the  same  as  witch, 
twitch  or  couch  grass.  It  can  only  be 
killed  by  preventing  any  growth  above 
ground  and  ripping  out  the  roots  so 
they  will  be  exposed  to  sun  and  air. 
The  grass  propagates  both  from  seeds 
and  from  underground  roots.  In  the 
West  fields  of  this  grass  have  been  killed 
out  by  pasturing  closely  with  sheep. 
The  field  is  overstocked,  so  the  sheep 
must  be  fed  some  grain.  They  nibble 
down  every  blade  of  grass  and  pack 
the  soil  hard.  The  grass  is  sometimes 
smothered  out  by  sowing  a  very  thick 
crop  of  buckwheat.  The  usual  plan  is 
to  work  the  field  all  through  the  season 
with  some  tearing  or  ripping  tool  like  a 
disk  or  spring-tooth  harrow.  This  tears 
up  and  exposes  the  roots,  and  if  kept 
up  thoroughly  will  kill  out  the  grass. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page*  16. 

INSIDE  HISTORY 

Some  Self-Explanatory  Letters. 

Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  Jan.  7, ’ll. 
Dr.  E.  H.  Pratt, 

Suite  1202,  100  State  St., 

My  Dear  Doctor:  Chicag°.  Illinois. 
“Owing  to  some  disagreement  with 
•  magazine  several  years  ago  they 
have  become  quite  vituperative,  and  of 
late  have  publicly  charged  me  with 
falsehoods  _  in  my  statements  that  we 
have  genuine  testimonial  letters. 

‘It  has  been  our  rule  to  refrain  from 
publishing  the  names  either  of  laymen 
or  physicians  who  have  written  to  us 
in  a  complimentary  way,  and  we  have 
declined  to  accede  to  the  demaud  of  at¬ 
torneys  that  we  turn  these  letters  over 
to  them. 

"I  am  asking  a  few  men  whom  I  deem 
to  he  friends  to  permit  me  to  reproduce 
some  .of  their  letters  over  their  signa¬ 
tures  in  order  to  refute  the  falsehoods. 

“VVe  have  hundreds  of  letters  from 
physicians,  but  I  esteem  the  one  that  you 
wrote  to  me  in  1906  among  the  very 
best  particularly  in  view  of  the  fact  that 
it  recognizes  the  work  I  have  been  try¬ 
ing  to  do  partly  through  the  little  book. 
The  Road  to  Wellville.’ 

“I  do  not  sell  or  attempt  to  sell  the 
higher  thought  which  is  more  important 
than  the  kind  of  food,  but  I  have  taken 
considerable  pains  to  extend  to  human¬ 
ity  such  facts  as  may  have  come  to  me 
on  this  subject. 

In  order  that  your  mind  may  be  re¬ 
freshed  I  am  herewith  enclosing  a  copy 
of  your  good  letter,  also  a  copy  of  the 
little  book,  and  if  you  will  give  me  the 
privilege  of  printing  this  over  your  sig¬ 
nature  I  will  accompany  the  printing 
with  an  explanation  as  to  why  you  per¬ 
mitted  its  use  in  publication  in  order  to 
refute  falsehoods,  and  under  that  method 
of  treatment  I  feel,  so  far  as  I  know,  there 
would  be  no  breach  of  the  code  of  ethics. 

“I  trust  this  winter  weather  is  finding 
you  well,  contented  and  enjoying  the 
fruits  that  are  yours  by  right. 

With  all  best  wishes,  I  am,” 

Yours  very  truly,  C.  W.  Post. 

D;..  Pratt,  who  is  one  of  the  most 
prominent  and  skillful  surgeons  in 
America,  very  kindly  granted  our  re¬ 
quest  in  the  cause  of  truth  and  justice. 

„  Chicago,  Aug.  31,  1906. 

Mr.  C.  W.  Post,  • 

Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

My  Dear  Sir  : — 

“I  write  to  express  my.  personal  appre¬ 
ciation  of  one  of  your  business  methods, 
that  of  accompanying  each  package  of 
your  Grape-Nuts  production  with  that 
little  booklet  ‘The  Road  to  Wellville.’  A 
more  appropriate,  clear  headed  and  ef¬ 
fective  presentation  of  health-giving  auto¬ 
suggestions  could  scarcely  be  penned. 

“Grape-Nuts  is  a  good  food  in  itself, 
but  the  food  contained  in  this  little  arti¬ 
cle  is  still  better  stuff.  I  commend  the 
piactice  because  I  know  that  the  greed 
and  strenuousness,  the  consequent  graft 
and  other  types  of  thievery  and  mali¬ 
cious  mischief  generally  can  never  be 
cured  by  legislative  action. 

“The  only  hope  for  the  betterment  of 
the  race  rests  in  individual  soul  culture. 

In  taking  a  step  in  this  direction, 
your  process  has  been  so  original  and 
unique  that  it  must  set  a  pace  for  other 
concerns  until  finally  the  whole  country 
gets,  flavored  with  genuine,  practical 
Christianity. 

I  . shall  do  all  that  lies  in  my  power  to 
aid  in  the  appreciation  of  Grape-Nuts, 
not  so  much  for  the  sake  of  the  food  it¬ 
self  as  for  the  accompanying  suggestions. 

“Visiting  Battle  Creek  the  other  day 
with  a  friend,  Dr.  Kelly  of  Evanston, 
Illinois,  while  I  was  consulting  with 
Mr.  Gregory,  my  friend  visited  your  fac¬ 
tories  and  came  away  greatly  amazed, 
not  only  at  the  luxurious  furnishings’ of 
the  offices  generally  and  the  general 
equipment  of  the  place,  but  with  the 
sweet  spirit  of  courtesy  and  kindness 
that  seemed  to  fill  the  air  with  a  spir¬ 
itual  ozone  that  was  good  to  breathe. 

“The  principles  expressed  in  the  little 
booklet,  The  Road  to  Wellville,’  I  well 
know  are  practical  and  they  work  in  busi¬ 
ness  of  all  kinds,  including  sanitariums, 
as((w’d  I>e  fairly  tested  before  time  is  done. 

“I  know  you  will  not  regard  this  letter 
of  appreciation  as  an  intruding  one.  It 
is  simply  the  salutation  of  good  fellow¬ 
ship  to  you  from  a  man  who,  although 
lie  has  never  seen  you,  feels  drawn  to 
you  by  the  kinship  of  thought. 

“The  only  thing  that  makes  a  man 
live  forever  in  the  hearts  of  his  country¬ 
men  and  his  race  is  the  good  that  he 
does.  Your  position  in  this  respect  is 
an  enviable  one  and  I  wish  to  extend 
my  congratulations.” 

Yours  respectfully,  E.  H.  Pratt. 


t  Yes! 


mm 


£ 


m 


Will  Save  You 

$2522  to  $7522 

or  No  Sale  — 

according  to  kind 
and  style  of  Buggy 
you  need.  This 
he  guarantees  — 
and  asks  you  to  let 
him  prove  it  to  you 
by  sending  you  his 
latest  Book  for  19 11 
—  that  he  wrote 
himself — showing 
with  big  photo¬ 
graphs,  all  the  im¬ 
portant  parts  about 
a  buggy — how  it 
should  be  made — 
what  it  should  he 
made  of  —  and 
Phelps  Knows. 

_  „  Here  is  the 

i«e?A  i-i 

Free 
Book 

Don’t 
You  Want  It? 

If  you  took  all  the  Buggies 
found  in  25  big  stores — and 
put  them  all  together — 
you  wouldn’t  have  as  many 
styles  and  kinds  to  choose 
from  as  are  shown  in  this 
Big  Show  Room  Book  of 
Phelps’  —  over  125  styles 
of  Auto  Seat  Buggies  — 
Runabouts  —  Surreys  — 
Driving  Carts — Carriages — 
Spring  Wagons,  etc. — all 
Genuine  Split  Hickories — 
sold  on  30  Days’  Free 
Road  Test — 2  Years’  Guar¬ 
antee — direct  from  factory. 

Write  today  —  while  this 
advertisement  is  before  you. 
Just  say  on  a  postal  card — • 
“Phelps,  I  want  the  Book’* 
— and  he’ll  do  the  rest. 


Address 

H.  C.  PHELPS.  President, 
THE 

OHIO  CARRIAGE 
MFG.  COMPANY. 

Station  290, 

Columbus, 

Ohio. 

Largest 
Factory  In 
the  World 
Selling 
V  chicles 
Direct 


HYDRATED  LIME 

in  paper  sacks,  car-lots,  for  $7.50  per  ton.  Lima 
Screenings  in  bulk,  from  best  grade  of  burnt  lime, 
$5.00  per  ton,  f.o.  b.  ears  any  point  between  Buffalo 
and  New  York  on  the  main  lines  of  the  N.  Y.  Cen¬ 
tral,  Erie,  D.,  L.  &  W.,  Penna.,  Lehigh,  N.  Y.,  O.  & 
W.  and  0.  R.  R.  of  N.  J.  Order  early  before  the 
great  demand  sets  in  and  delays  shipments. 
Address  J.  W.  BALLARD  CO..  :  :  BINGHAMTON,  N.  Y. 


LAWN  (FENCE 

Many  Styles.  Sold  on  trial  at 
wholesale  prices.  Save  2  0 
to  30  per  cent.  Illustrated 
Catalogue  free.  Write  today. 

KITSELMAN  BROS. 

Box  440  Muncie,  Indian. 


FROST 
WIRE  FENCES 

I  STRENGTH,  SERVICE  and  SATISFACTION 

I  woven  in  every  rod  of  our  fence, 
o  D  We  corabine  test  grade  of  material 

““  i  with  expert  workmanship.  Most  last- 

I  ins  fence  made.  Free  catalog  upon 
request.  Ask  yonr  dealer 
'  THE  FROST  WIRE  FENCE  CO. 

DCPC  H  _  Cl.KVKLAN  O,  O. 


130 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


February  4, 


ORCHARD  HEATERS  IN  MARYLAND. 

The  peach  industry  is  being  revived,  and 
largo  planting  are  being  made  in  several 
parts  of  the  State.  To  insure  a  crop,  so 
far  as  late  Spring  frosts  are  concerned,  the 
practice  of  orchard  heating  must  be  adopted. 
In  order  to  gain  experience  along  this  line 
some  experimental  work  was  started  last 
Spring  Sn  the  orchards  of  the  Experiment 
Station  and  Mr.  A.  L.  Towson  of  Wash¬ 
ington  County.  Both  oil  and  coal  heaters 
were  used,  so  as  to  get  at  a  comparison  of 
the  .two  kinds  of  fuel.  Fortunately  for 
the  peach  crop,  the  temperature  did  not  go 
low  enough  near  the  experimental  plots 
to  injure  the  fruit  blossoms,  and  in  fact  at 
Mr.  Tow  son's  it  was  not  necessary  to  start 
fires  in  the  heaters  at  all.  At  the  Experi¬ 
ment  Station  the  temperature  approached 
the  danger  point  three  times,  and  the  fires 
were  started  with  excellent  experience- 
results. 

The  results  were  in  favor  of  crude  or 
fuel  oil  for  fuel,  because  the  oil  heaters 
are  easily  filled,  quickly  lighted,  give  off 
the  maximum  amount  of  heat  immediately 
and  can  be  instantly  extinguished.  The 
coal  heaters  are  more  difficult  to  fill  and 
light,  burn  slowly  and  may  throw  out  only 
a  little  heat,  and  cannot  be  extinguished 
without  dumping  out  the  fuel.  Three  types 
of  oil  heaters  were  used,  the  Troutman 
heater ;  sheet  iron  locally-made  heaters 
holding  about  two  gallons ;  and  sheet  iron 
paint  kegs.  For  the  latter  a  large  piece  of 
roofing  slate  was  used  as  a  cover  to  keep 
out  rain  and  to  extinguish  the  fire.  From 
our  experience,  the  paint  kegs  and  locally- 
made  heater^  are  entirely'  satisfactory.  A 
good  serviceable  size  is  nine  inches  in  di¬ 
ameter  and  11  inches  high,  holding  three 
gallons.  This  size  burns  about  one  quart  of 
crude  or  fuel  oil  per  hour,  and  from  80 
to  90  heaters  are  required  per  acre.  The 
difference  in  price  between  crude  and  fuel 
oil  will  determine  the  one  to  use ;  they  are 
apparently  equally  effective.  In  our  work 
100  heaters  per  acre  were  used,  and  when 
the  outside  temperature  was  30  degrees 
above  zero  the  oil  heated  area  was  40  de¬ 
grees,  and  the  coal  heated  area  was  36 
degrees  above  zero.  c.  p.  chase? 

Maryland.  State  Horticulturist. 


CROP  NOTES. 

The  potato  crop  in  this  township  is  about 
an  average  yield,  about  100  bushels  per 
acre.  There  are  none  raised  for  shipping 
here.  The  local  market  demands  all  raised 
here ;  prices  are  45  to  50  cents.  Corn,  about 
half  crop,  with  half  in  the  field  yet.  Hay, 
fair  crop,  bringing  $18  on  the  market;  wheat 
not  as  good  as  last  year;  15  to  25  bushels 
per  acre.  Oats  would  have  been  a  bumper 
crop  if  they  could  have  stood  up,  but  it  was 
impossible  to  harvest  them ;  price  36  cents 
at  feed  store.  M.  H.  t. 

Akron,  Ohio. 

All  this  month  to  date  (January  16)  has 
been  unfavorable  for  farm  work.  Rains  and 
fogs  very  general.  Much  sickness  prevail¬ 
ing.  Wheat  not  faring  so  well  since  snow 
went  off.  Some  hogs  yet  unsold  and  own¬ 
ers  losing  money  on  them  because  of  de¬ 
cline  in  markets  and  heavy  feeding  now  to 
them  in  condition.  Public  sales  getting 
numerous,  abov  one  a  day  in  this  section, 
corn  not  moving  on  account  of  low  price. 
Farmers  are  ready  and  anxious  for  work 
to  open.  Hogs  plentiful,  cattle  scarce. 
Horses  in  demand.  Business  fair.  Farm¬ 
ers  are  watching  legislative  and  Congress¬ 
ional  matters  closely,  and  they  mean  busi¬ 
ness  in  the  future.  Parcels  post  w a  prom¬ 
ised  us,  but  chances  are  slim.  j.  h.  h. 

Carroll  Co.,  Ind. 

Weather  fairly  cold  with  no  sleighing  to 
date  (January  12).  Stock  wintering  well 
and  the  farmers  well  supplied  with  feed. 
Some  complained  of  a  scarcity  of  water 
in  wells,  and  streams  low.  Good  demand 
for  farms,  with  some  yet  in  the  market  at 
a  price  about  equal  to  what  buildings  are 
worth.  It  seems  strange  that  land  in 
the  Far  West  or  in  the  Northwest,  many 
miles  from  markets,  should  sell  for  more 
per  acre,  than  land  in  a  section  like  this, 
where  buildings  are  good,  lawns  beautified 
with  maple  or  elm  trees,  lands  fenced,  and 
supplied  with  wells,  springs  or  streams  of 
water,  numerous  fruit  trees  in  bearing,  New 
York  and  all  Eastern  markets  easily  reached 
by  several  different  lines  of  railroads  and 
the  Hudson  River  as  well.  Good  gravel 
roads,  with  State  roads  as  well,  rural  de¬ 
delivery  routes  in  every  direction,  and  one 
or  two  telephone  lines  passing  nearly  every 
door.  Good  soil,  good  climate,  and  good 
roads,  with  electric  and  steam  railroads 
in  plenty,  and  yet  farms  are  for  sale  and 
cheap,  and  mainly  because  the  owners  have 
grown  old,  and  so  frequently  have  no  chil¬ 
dren  to  take  their  place  on  the  home  farm. 
In  a  radius  of  three  miles  from  a  neighbor¬ 
ing  village,  18  farms  have  been  sold  within 
the  past  few  months,  and  I  do  not  call  to 
mind  a  single  one  that  has  been  sold 
under  foreclosure  of  mortgage  within  the 
last  several  years.  Rye,  80  cents  per 
bushel;  hay,  $15*,  eggs,  42  cents;  butter, 
35  cents ;  milk,  $2.05  per  hundred  pounds. 

Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y.  a.  s. 

An  Apple  Country. — On  page  7.  under 
the  heading  of  “  A  Study  of  Soils,”  I  note 
remarks  and  questions  of  E.  P.,  Windsor, 
Conn.,  and  your  reply,  in  connection  with 
which  first  let  me  say  that  I  have  no  land 
for  sale,  nor  am  I  personally  interested  in 
the  sale  of  any  lands  in  the  section.  It  is 
a  well-known  fact,  however,  that  we  pro¬ 
duce  iu  the  valleys  of  the  Tacdnic  range 
of  mountains  (which  is  practically  a  con¬ 
tinuation,  or  an  offshoot,  of  the  Berk- 
shires)  a  number  of  varieties  of  apples 
which  command  the  highest  market  prices 
by  reason  of  their  exceptional  keeping 
qualities ;  in  fact,  three  to  four  years  out 
of  five,  the  majority  of  the  apple  crop  of 
this  section  is  shipped  to  the  Middle  West. 
On  the  hillsides  of  the  abandoned  and  ill- 
kept  farms  in  this  section  are  thousands 
of  healthy,  wild  apple  trees  which,  with 
proper  pruning,  budding  and  grafting,  could 
be  made  very  profitable,  aside  from  planting 
new  trees  upon  soil  which  evidently  is 
most  excellent  for  the  growing  of  apples. 
E.  P.  should  take  a  trip  through  this 
beautiful  country  before  locating  his  fruit 
farm.  a.  C. 

Berlin,  N.  Y. 


SPRAYERS-  FREE  TRIAL 


KO  •  MONET  •  IN  -  ADVANCE  —  NO 
BANK  DEPOSIT  —  PAT  AFTER  IT 
HAS  PAID  FOR  ITSELF 

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Hai-Povtr  Potato  and  Orchard  Sprayer. 

Sprays  “anything”  —  potatoes  or  truck.  4  rows  at  a 
time.  Also  first-class  tree  sprayer.  Vapor  spray  pre¬ 
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in  ha\f.  High  pressure  from  big  wheel.  Pushes  easy. 
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Horae-I’ovrer  Potato  and  Orchard  Sprayar. 

For  hig  growers.  Most  powerful  machine  made.  60  to 
100  gallon  tank  for  one  or  two  horses.  Steel  axle.  One- 
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odj Datable  round  iron  hoops.  Metal  wheels.  “Adjust¬ 
able”  spray  arms  and  nozzles.  Brasa  ball-valves,  plun¬ 
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ranted  for  five  years.  Try  this  machine  at  pur  expense 
with  “ your  money  w  your  pocket See  free  offer  below. 
Write  today. 


Flto-AIl  Barrel  Sprayer, 

Fits  any  barrel  or  tank.  High  pressure, 
perfect  agitation,  easy  to  operate.  Brass 
ball-valves,  plunger,  strainer,  etc.  Auto¬ 
matic  strainer.  xfo  “ cup  leathers  or  rub¬ 
ber”  about  any  of  our  sprayers.  Furn¬ 
ished  plain,  mounted  on  barrel,  or  on 
wheels  as  shown.  Five  year  guarantee. 
It  don’t  cost  you  “a  cent”  to  try  it  in  your 
orchard.  Get  one  free.  Bee  below. 

Write  today. 


You  can  get  a  Hurst  Sprayer  absolutely  free 
if  yon  are  the  first  in  your  locality  this  season 
to  send  for  one  of  our  sprayers  for  trial. 

1  You  need  do  no  canvassing  or  soliciting.  It 
will  only  take  15  minutes  of  your  time.  We  do  the  work. 
When  you  get  a  sprayer  from  us  yon  get  the  benefit  of  our 
24  years  experience  in  manufacturing  sprayers.  Hurst 
Sprayers  won  the  gold  medal  at  the  National  Horticultural 
Congress  spraying  machine  contest.  Send  us  a  postal  or 
mark  the  attached  coupon  and  mail  it  to  ns  and  we  will 
send  you  our  fine  catalog,  spraying  guide,  and  will  tell  you 
bow  you  can  get  a  sprayer  free.  Don’t  delay,  write  us  at 
once  for  our  free  sprayer  proposition  and  save  money. 

H.  I  HURST  MFC.  CO.,  284  Worth  St.,  Canton,  Ohio 


H.  L.  HURST  MFQ.  CO.,  2S4  North  8t.,  Canton,  O. 

Send  me  your  Catalog,  Spraying  Guide  and  “special 
offer"  on  the  sprayer  marked  with  an  X  below. 

. . Man-Power  Potato  and  Orchard  Sprayer. 

. ...Horse-Power  Potato  and  Orchard  Sprayer. 

........ ..Plts-All Barrel  Sprayer. 

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NAME - 

ADDRESS 


COUPON- 

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READ  OUR  GUARANTEE 


Every  plant  we  ship  is  guaranteed  to  be  first  class 
and  true  io  name,  packed  to  reach  you  in  good  grow¬ 
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You  can  make  big  money  growing  good  berries, 
but  you  cannot  expect  to  grow  good  fruit  by  planting 
and  replanting  small  inferior  stock. 

Our  plants  are  all  grown  on  new  ground  (this  being 
the  first  crqp)  and  are  large,  heavy  rooted  and  free 
from  disease. 

We  grow  them  by  the  million  on  our  own  ground 
and  know  what  we  are  selling.  That  is  why  our  busi¬ 
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We  can  save  you  money  on  100  plants  or  a  car  load.  Our  large  illustrated  catalogue 
is  instructive  and  is  free  to  all  fruit  growers  Write  for  it  today 

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you  three  10c  packets  of  the  best  seeds — 
one  each  of  my  unequaled  Bonny  Best 
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Dept.  L,  219  Market  St.,  Philadelphia 


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The  United  Factories  Company  consists  of  a  number  of  factories  co-operating  under  one  selling 
head,  to  deliver  direct  to  consumer— The  Best  Goods  at  the  Lowest  Prices.  Write  today  for  our 
Big  Book  explaining  the  plan  that  will  save  you  money,  mentioning  articles  interested  in. 

The  United  Factories  Company,  Station  A-3  ( *  Cleveland,  Ohio 


Orchards  Pay  Better  Than  Gold  Mines  When  Fertilized  With 

GENUINE  THOMAS  PHOSPHATE  POWDER! 

The  Massachusetts  State  Board  of  Agriculture  Offered  a  Prize  for  the  Most  Profitable  Acre  of  Massachusetts 

Orchards.  This  Contest  Has  Recently  Closed,  and  the 

FIRST  PRIZE  IS  WON  BY  THE  DREW-MUNSON  FRUIT  CO.,  of  Littleton,  Mass, 

Their  Prize  Winning  Acre  of  Baldwin  Apples 

GAVE  THEM  A  TOTAL  RETURN  OF  $715.70— THE  NET  PROFIT  WAS  $519.55 


THIS  ORDHARD  WAS 
FERTILIZED  WITH 


GENUINE  THOMAS  PHOSPHATE  POWDER 


AT  THE  RATE  OF  1000 
POUNDS  PER  ACRE 


*The  Following  Letter  From  Barnes  Brothers,  the  Famous  Fruit  Growers  and  Orchardists  of  Yalesville,  Conn., 
Shows  That  Thomas  Phosphate  Powder  Brings  a  Prize  to  Every  User  in  the  Form  of  a  Profitable  Crop  : 

and  the  keeping  qualities  ’were  remarkable ,  which  was  a  big 
advantage ,  especially  when  we  had  over  150  cars  to  harvest 
in  about  two  weeks  as  we  had  this  year. 


The  Coe-Mortimer  Company, 

Gentlemen : 

In  regard  to  Thomas  Phosphate  Powder,  you  will  re¬ 
call  that  we  bought  of  you  last  year  ISO  tons  and  we  wish  to 
say  that  it  gave  us  most  excellent  results.  On  our  peach 
orchard  where  we  used  it,  the  trees  made  a  splendid  growth 
with  heavy  dark  green  foliage,  the  fruit  was  of  excellent  color , 


IVe  never  saw  better  colored  Baldwin  Apples  than  those  we 
grew  where  we  applied  a  good  dressing  of  Thomas  Phosphate 
Powder.  The  best  sold  at  retail  for  S 9.00  per  barrel. 

Yours  trul}’,  Barnes  Brothers. 


THERE  IS  A  TRUTH  IN  ALL  THIS  FOR  YOU! 

The  whole  story  is  told  in  the  New  Edition 

of  our  Booklet,  “Up-To-Date  Fruit  Growing,”  which  Is  sent  free  if  you  mention  The  Rwbal  New-Yorker 

THE  COE-MORTIMER  CO.  ^posters  24-26  Stone  St.,  New  York  City 

We  also  distribute  from  Boston,  Mass.;  Belfast,  Maine;  Baltimore,  Md.;  Philadelphia, 

Pa.;  Norfolk,  Va.;  Wilmington,  N.  C.;  Savannah,  Ga.  and  Charleston,  S.  C. 


1911. 

GRAFT  IN  CONDEMNED  PRODUCE. 

The  daily  papers  report  that  the  New 
York  Board  of  Health  has  dismissed  an 
inspector  charged  with  having  permitted 
the  sale  of  potatoes  that  he  had  condemned 
as  unfit  for  food.  Is  this  a  fact? 

New  York.  reader. 

Yes,  eight  employees  of  the  Board 
of  Health  have  been  dismissed  within 
the  last  month  on  various  charges,  such 
as  alleged  grafting,  attempted  bribery  or 
improper  conduct.  The  last  man  to  go 
was  Isaac  Gruber,  who  got  into  trouble 
over  the  condemnation  of  a  carload  of 
236  bags  of  potatoes  after  examining 
three  bags.  A  number  of  witnesses  tes¬ 
tified  that,  instead  of  being  sent  to  the 
dump,  some  of  the  potatoes  were  taken 
to  another  part  of  the  city  and  sold  for 
food.  This  made,  a  profitable  deal  for 
some  one,  though  there  was  no  direct 
evidence  that  Gruber  got  any  of  the 
money. 

Misuse  of  the  power  to  condemn 
foods  has  been,  a  sore  spot  in  the 
produce  trade  of  New  York  for  sev¬ 
eral  years.  It  is  a  general  belief  that 
practices  like  those  mentioned  in  the 
inquiry  are  common,  but  detailed  proof 
is  hard  to  get.  There  are  usually  sev¬ 
eral  in  the  deal,  and  numerous  wheels 
within  wheels,,  so  that  the  identity  of 
the  goods  is  lost  before  actual  re-sale 
takes  place.  It  is  like  trying  to  catch 
a  burglar  who  has  figured  in  advance 
just  what  he  will  do  in  any  emergency, 
while  the  man  burgled  is  taken  by  sur¬ 
prise  and  has  no  time  for  planning. 

Produce  men  have  found  that  it  is 
poor  policy  to  oppose  the  workings  of 
the  Board,  of  Health  or  its  inspectors. 
The  Board  is  usually  upheld  in  a  suit, 
and  an  inspector  who  gets  down  on  a 
produce  man  may  become  a  perennial 
source  of  trouble  for  him.  It  might 
reasonably  be  expected  that  only  prod¬ 
ucts  decayed  or  otherwise  damaged  so 
as  to  be  unfit  for  food,  or  likely  to  be¬ 
come  so  within  a  few  hours,  would  be 
condemned,  but  inspectors  may  takie 
wide  latitude  in  this-  matter.  Because 
decayed  fruit  is  found  in  a  few  pack¬ 
ages,  a  wagon  load  or  perhaps  a  whole 
carload  is  condemned,  even  though  a 
fair  proportion  may  be  sound,  and  the 
same  is  true,  of  meats  and  poultry.  The 
claim  is  made  that  inspectors  do  not 
have  the  time  to  sort  over  a  lot  of 
stuff,  and  that  anything  doubtful  must 
be  taken  out  of  food  channels,  as  it  is 
better  for  one  man  to  -  lose  a  little 
money  than  that  the-  health  of  the  com¬ 
munity  be  jeopardized.  This  sounds 
plausible  and  has  quieted  many  crit¬ 
icisms.  But  the  human  nature  of  in¬ 
spectors  is  not  different  from  that  of 
other  people,  and  these  wholesale  con¬ 
demnations  of  food  furnish  too  great 
opportunities  for  graft  to  be  neglected. 

It  works  the  same  way  as  in  a  police 
department,  where  large  quantities  of 
money  may  be  got  by  extortion  and 
blackmail  of  unfortunates  or  criminals. 
The  heads  of  such  departments  may  be 
honest,  or  they  may  be  profiting  ever 
so  much  by  it,  and  yet  keep  the  tracks 
of  the  money  covered,  so  that  they  can¬ 
not  be  traced  to  them. 

At  one  time  a  down-town  basement 
store  was  supposed  to  be  a  “fence” 
where  some  of  these  practically  stolen 
goods  were  handled,  particularly  calves 
and  poultry.  A  produce  man  had  two  ' 
calves  condemned.  He  states  that  they 
were  put  into  a  wagon  containing  ice, 
carted  to  this  store  and  unloaded.  The 
hides  were  removed  and  veal  was  carted 
from  the  store  to  the  East  Side.  What 
could  he  do  about  it?  They  assumed 
the  right  to  salvage  the  skins,  and,  even 
though  the  veals  were  openly  offered  for 
food,  who  could  swear  to  the  identity 
of  a  dead  calf,  particularly  after  his 
hide  was  removed? 

Here  is  another  condemnation  inci¬ 
dent,  though  different  in.  detail.  A  man 
who  had  a  small  canning  business 
bought  many  odd  lots  of  fruit,  for  pie 
stock.  One  morning  he  had  bought  a 
truck  load  of  peaches,  some  in  bad  con¬ 
dition,  ordering  the  seller  to  deliver 
them  to  his  place  at  once.  As  they  did 
not  come  in  half  an  hour,  he  started  to 
look  them  up,  when  he  met  an  inspec¬ 
tor,  whom  he  knew. 

Did  you  buy  that  load  of  rotten 
peaches?”  asked  the  inspector. 

I  bought  a  load  of  peaches  with  some 
rotten  and  specked  ones,  but  they  will 
be  sorted  out  and  only  the  good  ones 
used.” 

.  “Well,  I’ve  jiist  condemned  that  load 
of  fruit,  but  have  a  good  mind  to  let 
you  have  them.  What  will  you  do  with 
the  specked  ones  ?” 

Cut  out  the  spots  and  put  them  in 
cans  for  pie  stock.” 

The  result  was  that  the  inspector  ac¬ 
tually  presented  the  cannery  man  with 
the  load  of  peaches  .wliich.  the  latter  had 


.THE  RURAL  NKW-VOKJAliK 


131 


bought,  but  not  paid  for,  half  an  hour 
before. 

\\  hen  goods  are  condemned  in  a  com¬ 
mission  house,  the  commission  man  gets 
a  receipt  and  statement  of  the  fact  from 
the  inspector,  which  he  sends  to  the 
shipper.  As  an  example  of  chilly  con¬ 
solation,  such  a  condemnation  receipt 
considerably  discounts  the  now  prover¬ 
bial  35-cent  dollar,  or  even  its  remote 
relative,  the  “interim  receipt.” 

Resodding  an  Orchard. 

J.  E.  P.,  So.  Framingham,  Mass. — I  have 
bought  a  small  place  with  an  orchard  of 
about  two  acres  which  has  been  in  sod 
for  a  long  time.  The  trees  are  about  50 
years  old.  not  especially  large,  neither  are 
they  stunted,  and  are  in  very  good  condi¬ 
tion,  though  I  judge  they  need  food.  This 
orchard  has  been  plowed,  buckwheat  sown 
and  then  turned  under,  and  the  buckwheat 
grow  more  or  less  between  the  sod  last 
Summer ;  the  sod  is  pretty  well  rotted. 
What  must  I  do  to  re-sod  the  orchard  as 
economically  as  possible  and  still  be  all 
right? 

Ans. — If  that  orchard  were  ours  we 
would  work  up  the  ground  with  a  disk 
or  spring-tooth  and  keep  the  surface 
stirred  until  late  July.  Then  seed  to 
Timothy  and  Red-top  with  a  mixture 
of  Red  clover  and  Alsike,  adding  about 
500  pounds  per  acre  of  three  parts  fine 
bone  to  one  part  muriate  of  potash.  We 
believe  this  would  pay,  but  the  “most 
economical”  way  might  be  to  work  up 
the  ground  and  sow  oats  with  the  grass 
and  clover  seed  this  Spring.  Cut  the 
oats  early  and  pile  the  crop  around  the 
trees. 


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Planet  Jr: 


“  makes  it  only  play  to  work  a  garden  ” 

This  is  exactly  what  a  Planet  Jr  gardener  says.  And  he 
says  what  over  a  million  farmers  and  gardeners  think.  They  know 
the  time  and  labor  their  Planet  Jrs  save.  Aren’t  you  ready  to 
give  up  the  drudgery  of  farm  and  garden  ?  Planet  Jr  implements 
are  ready  to  lighten  your  labor,  enlarge  and  better  your  crops, 
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No  25  Planet  Jr  Combined  Hill  and  Drill  Seeder,  Double-Wheel  Hoe,  Cultivatoa 
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one  operation ;  and  it  has  perfect  cultivating  attachments  besides. 

No.  8  Planet  Jr  Horse-Hoe  and  Cultivator  will  do  more  things  in 
>  more  ways  than  any  other  horse-hoe  made.  Plows  to  or  from  the  row.  A. 
splendid  furrower,  coverer.  hiller,  and  horse-hoe ;  unequaled  as  a  cultivator- 

The  1911  Planet  Jr  illustrated  catalogue  is  in¬ 
valuable  to  every  progressive  farmer  and  gardener- 
56  pages  brimful  of  helpful  hints  on 
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^Box  1 107V 

Philada 


Co 


B 


ECAUSE 
the  fence 
gradually 
will  pay  for  the  luxur¬ 
ies,  season  by  season. 
How?  By  enabling  you  to 
turn  your  waste  into  cash. 
Fence  your  farm  off  into  a  sufficient 
number  of  fields  to  get  the  proper  rotation 
of  crops  and  the  most  advantageous  pastur¬ 
ing  and  your  cash  returns  each  season  are  bound 
to  increase.  The  farmer  still  using  the  old  system 
of  big  fields  is  losing  money  through  waste.  The  fields 
of  your  farm  are  like  tables  in  a  restaurant.  The  more 
tables  the  more  people  served  and  the  greater  the  profit. 

The  steel  in  Ellwood  fence  is  specially  made  for  the  purpose  from 
carefully  selected  stock.  It  is  hard,  elastic,  tough  and  springy 
The  line  wires,  composed  of  two  or  more  wires  twisted  into  cables, 
give  each  individual  vvire  the  shape  of  an  elongated  coiled  spring.  The 
fence  is  therefore  sufficiently  elastic  to  take  care  of  expansion  and  con¬ 
traction.  and  yet  so  rigid  when  properly  stretched  as  to  prevent  sagging. 
The  small  and  permanent  mesh  is  made  by  weaving  one  continuous  wire 
throughout  the  fabric.  The  mesh  or  stay  wires  are  so  interwoven  that  slipping 
is  impossible.  The  triangular  truss  is  the  strongest  form  of  construction  known. 
For  this  reason,  Ellwood  fence  will  stand  hardest  usage  and  still  retain  its  shape. 

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pniHe 
« 


132 


THE  RURAL  NEW-VOHKER 


February  4, 


Wk  ^  Grow  a 
Bumpejr 
Garden 
Crop  This 
Year — and 
Win  One  of 
My  Big  Prizes 

Yon  tvant  to  grow  a  bumper  garden 
crop  anyway  don’t  you?  And  here’s  a 
chance  to  make  a  little  extra  money.  I 
want  extra  fine  gardens  this  year  and 
I’m  offering  ten  prizes  to  get  them.  There 
are  no  conditions  to  this  contest— don’t 
have  to  buy  anything  from  me  or  sell  any¬ 
thing  or  do  any  other  work  for  me  except 
to  write  a  200  or  300  word  letter  telling  me 
how  yon  raised  your  banner  garden  crop. 
Three  well-known  editors  are  the  judges 
and  they  will  award  the  prizes. 

1st  Prize  $100  2nd  Prize  $25 
3rd  Prize  $10  4th  Prize  $5 
5th  Prize  $5  Five  Prizes  of  $1.00 

Yon  don’t  have  to  write  fine  or  use  big 
words  or  college  grammer.  All  I  want  you 
to  do  is  to  grow  a  good  garden  and  tell  me 
bow  youdidit.  Send  me  a  few  photographs 
too.  Tell  me  how  you  laid  the  garden  out 
—what  you  raised,  how  you  treated  the 
soil,  etc.,  etc.  That’s  all  there  Is  to  it. 
Everybody  stands  an  equal  chance,  no 
matter  where  you  live  or  how  much  ground 
you  have.  Don’t  pass  up  this  fine  plan. 

Everybody  Should  Enter 

at  once.  Get  the  boys  and  girls  interested 
and  watch  them  work.  Let  them  read  this 
advertisement.  Then  mail  me  the  coupon. 
I  want  to  send  you  my  special  Garden 
Contest  folder  that  tells  all  about  it.  Tells 
about  the  Book  of  Garden  Experiences  I’m 
going  to  publish  and  give  away  to  my  cus¬ 
tomers.  Let  me  tell  you  how  to  get  one  of 
these  books  without  expense.  And  I  also 
want  to  send  you  my  1911  Seed  Catalog¬ 
ue  finest  I’ve  ever  published.  So 

Send  Coupon  by  First  Mail 

You’ll  find  just  what  you  want  in  the  seed 
line  in  my  catalog.  The  facts  about  this 
contest  and  the  Book  of  Garden  Experi¬ 
ences  are  in  my  Garden  Contest  Folder. 
You’ll  find  it  pleasant  to  deal  with  me. 
But  right  now — write  your  name  and  address 
on  the  coupon  and  send  it  by  first  mail  to 
Henry  Field,  President 

Henry  Field  Seed  Co.,  Box  26 ,  Shenandoah,  Iowa 
Henry  Field,  President, 

HENRY  HELD  SEED  CO., 

I  Box,  26,  Shenandoah,  Iowa. 

I  Dear  Mr.  Field:— Please  send  me  your 
Special  Garden  Contest  Folder  and  your 
1911  Catalogue  Free. 


*  Name  . 


Address. 


WGSTONS 

Famous  Tomatoes 

are  favorably  known  through¬ 
out  the  world.  Twenty-five  of 
the  best  sorts  were  introduced 
by  us.  We  grow  more  high- 
grade  tomato  seed  than  any 
other  seedsman  in  the  world. 

New  Globe-Shaped  Sorts: 

Globe,  Hummer  and  Corcless  are  nearly 
Packet  of  Globe  10  ets;  Hummer  10  cts;  Coreless 
-  the  three  sorts,  one  packet  of  each  for  25  cts. 

Livingston’s  Superb  Onions 

We  grow  acres  of  Onion  seeds  on  our  farms  annually. 
Livingston’s  (  Southport  White  Globe  6c  )  the  8  pkts. 
Private  <  Southport  Bed  Globe  •  6c  V  for 
(  Ohio  Yellow  Globe  •  •  6c  ) 


Strains 


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It's  the  finest  seed  book  of  the 
year.  Contains  more  than  250 
illustrations  from  photo¬ 
graphs.  Practical  cultural 
hints  will  help  to  make  your 
work  a  success.  Write  for  it 
today.  It's  F-R-E-E  ! 


THE  L/VINCSTD* 

357  Hioh  St.,  Columbus,  Ohio 


CENT 

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FERTILE  SEEDS  for  lOC 
1800  Lettuce  1 0OO  Celery 

1  OOO  Onion  1 OO  Pariley 

1 0OO  Radish  1  600  Rutabaga 

1 0O  Tomato  1 0OO  Carrot 

1  BOO  Turnip  1  OO  Melon 

1200  Brilliant  Flower  Seeds,  SOsorts  ] 
Any  one  of  these  packages  is  worth 
the  price  we  ask  for  the  whole 
10,000  kernels  to  start  with.  It  is 
merely  our  way  of  letting  yon  test 
our  seed — proving  to  you  how 
mighty  goad  they  are. 

Send  16  cents  in  stamps  to-day  and 
we  will  send  you  this  great  collection  of  seeds  by 
return  mail.  We’ll  also  mail  you  absolutely  free 
our  great  catalog  for  1911  — all  postpaid. 

JOHN  A.  SALZER  SEED  CO., 

1 1 44  South  8th  Street,   LaCresse,  Wts. 


00D  SEEDS 

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PRICES  BELOW  ALL  OTHERS 

|5-  I  give  a  lot  of  new  sorts  for 
trial  with  every  order  I  filL 
Grand  Big  Catalog  CDCC 
■Illustrated  with  over  rilLC 
,700  engravings  of  vegetables 
and  flowers.  Send  yours  and 

_ _ 'your  neighbors’  addresses. * 

R.  H.  SHUMWAY.  Rockford.  Illinoi* 


VAN  DEMAN’S  FRUIT  NOTES. 

The  Care  of  Sour  Cherries. 

J.  G.  G.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. — I  have  50  sour 
cherry  trees  that  were  set  last  November 
(1910),  and  are  not  trimmed  as  yet.  I 
wish  to  know  about  pruning,  spraying  and 
fertilizing  them  ;  also  would  like  to  know 
If  sour  cherries  are  a  success  when  set  in 
a  poultry  park? 

Ans. — Sour  cherries  are  a  success  in 
New  York  if  properly  cared  for.  In  a 
poultry  park  they  will  flourish  after  the 
trees  have  been  cultivated  for  several 
years  following  the  planting.  It  is  not 
always  practical  to  cultivate  trees  in  a 
poultry  yard,  and  the  birds  need  grass 
or  some  kind  of  green  forage  to  pick. 
When  the  trees  have  come  into  bearing 
the  ground  can  be  allowed  to  grow  up 
in  something  of  that  kind.  The  young 
trees  should  have  been  pruned  back 
quite  severely  when  they  were  set,  but 
it  should  be  done  now.  The  trees  will 
grow  off  better  for  having  the  small 
branches  cut  off.  Afterwards  they 
should  be  pruned  very  little.  If  the  soil 
is  not  strong  it  should  be  fertilized  and 
there  is  nothing  better  than  potash  and 
phosphorus  in  some  form.  Spraying  is 
needed  to  keep  down  the  fungus  dis¬ 
eases,  and  the  latest  method  of  using 
self-boiled  lime-sulphur  solution  is  the 
best  for  this  purpose. 

Pecan  Tree  in  New  York. 

8.  E.  L.,  Staatsburg,  N.  Y. — How  can 
hickory  trees  be  made  to  bear?  They  used 
to  hang  full,  but  of  late  years  have  been 
shy  bearers.  I  have  a  pecan  tree  25  feet 
high  whose  branches  extend  10  or  12  feet 
from  trunk,  hangs  full  of  blossoms  every 
Spring,  but  only  about  24  of  the  nuts  will 
ever  amount  to  anything,  and  they  only 
about  two-thirds  mature.  Can  I  do  any¬ 
thing  to  hasten  maturity,  and  develop  them 
In  this  climate? 

Ans. — The  pecan  in  New  York  is  a 
failure  because  of  the  climate  being  too 
cool  and  the  Summers  too  short.  There 
are  wild  pecan  trees  in  southern  Indiana 
and  there  is  a  possibility  that  varieties 
will  be  found  or  originated  that  may  yet 
succeed  as  far  north  as  New  York.  But 
the  little  Shellbark  hickorynut  is  en¬ 
tirely  at  home  there  and  should  be  given 
far  more  attention  than  it  now  gets. 
Why  old  trees  that  “used  to  hang  full” 
do  not  bear  now  seems  very  strange. 
One  tree  standing  alone  might  fail  to 
bear  after  the  other  trees  had  been 
taken  away,  because  of  the  fact  that 
some  nut  trees  bear  the  flowers  of  the 
two  sexes  at  different  times  and  pollina¬ 
tion  is  not  accomplished.  The  only  way 
to  cause  pollination  in  such  a  case  would 
be  to  plant  other  trees  near  and  their 
flowers  might  bloom  at  the  right  time 
to  cross-pollinate  those  of  the  older 
trees. 

When  to  Plant  Nuts. 

H.  IF.  L.,  So.  Framingham,  Mans. — When 
should  nuts  be  planted,  in  Autumn  when 
they  fall  from  trees,  or  is  it  better  to  strat¬ 
ify  in  damp  sand  and  plant  in  Spring?  I 
have  been  told  by  a  botanist  that  a  dry  nut 
would  not  sprout,  and  the  only  ones  that 
grow  naturally  are  those  buried  by  squir¬ 
rels. 

Ans. — The  time  for  planting  nuts  is 
not  so  material,  either  Fall  or  Spring, 
provided  they  are  never  allowed  to  get 
dry.  If  planted  in  the  Fall  in  nursery 
rows  or  where  the  trees  are  to  stand 
they  are  almost  sure  to  come  up  the 
following  Spring.  And  if  the  nuts  are 
stratified  and  kept  damp  and  cool  all 
the  Winter  they  are  quite  likely  to 
grow,  but  they  should  be  planted  very 
early  the  next  Spring,  because  nuts  ger¬ 
minate  as  soon  as  the  earth  first  becomes 
a  little  warm.  Nuts  that  are  somewhat 
dry  may  often  be  germinated  by  soak¬ 
ing  them  in  cold  water  for  several  days 
and  then  planting  them  in  moist  soil. 
Those  planted  by  the  squirrels  never 
have  a  chance  to  get  dry,  and  that  is 
best  H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


Morrison  :  “I  bet  the  man  who  ran 
l  his  auto  over  Snodgrass  is  sorry.”  Har- 
|  rison :  “Why  do  you  think  so  ?”  “Mor- 
!  rison:  “Snodgrass  was  wearing  a  scarf- 
|  pin  that  punctured  the  fellow’s  tire.” — 
■  Chicago  News. 


Home 


Mix  your  own  fertilizers. 

It’s  the  simple,  satisfactory  and 
profitable  way.  You  get  exactly  what 
your  land  and  crops  need  and  don’t  waste  a 
cent  on  make-weights  and  fillers.  Add  enough 

POTASH 

to  make  a  perfectly  balanced  plant  food  for  the  , 

crops  you  are  putting  in  and  you’ll  get  proof  that 

Potash  Pays. 

For  valuable  information  on  the  mixing,  use  and 
value  of  fertilizers  write  today  for  our  free  literature  on 
Home  Mixing. 

We  sell  Potash  through  dealers 
everywhere,  or  direct  to  /,*>t ash 
farmers  anywhere  in  any 
amount  from  a  two-hundred 
pound  bag  up. 

Get  Prices.  Potash  Pays. 

German  Kali  Works 
^Baltimore:  Continental  Bldg. 

Chicago:  Monadnock  Blk.  ^ _ 

New  Orleans :  Whit-  -  "  / 

ney  central  Bank 
Building 


Mixing 
Pays 


1 1  • 

I 


-f 


"p^OSPHATt  ||| 


MVOWR 

brand 

NO 

FILLER 


Kellogg 


Plants 


Will  Yield  $500  to  $800  per  Acre 

THE  Kellogg  1911  strawberry  book  is  the  most 
complete  treatise  on  strawberry  growing  ever 
written.  It  tells  the  farmer  how  to  grow  big 
crops  of  big,  red  strawberries  and  how  to  sell 
them  at  big  prices.  No  matterwhereyouliveor 
what  kind  of  soil  you  have,  thisbook  will  tell  you 
how  to  prepare  your  soil,  what  varieties  to  set, 
and  how  to  manage  the  plants  to  insure  best 
results.  One  acre  of  Kellogg  Thoroughbred 
plants  grown  the  Kellogg  way  will  yield  £500  to 
£800.  Get  this  beautifully  illustrated  64-page 
book  and  learn  how  easy  It  is  to  grow  straw¬ 
berries  for  market  or  home  use.  It’s  free. 

ft.  M.  KELLOGG  COMPANY,  Box  480  Three  Rivers,  Mich. 


Drop  a  card  for 

FLANSBURGH'S 

STRAWBERRY  CATALOG 

for  1911.  Reliable,  interesting  and  instruc¬ 
tive.  HIGHLAND,  ST.  LOUIS,  GOLDEN  GATE 

and  all  the  best  varieties.  Address 

C.  N.  FLANSBURGH  &  SON 

JACKSON,  MICH. 

SCARFF’S 

SMALL  FRUIT  PLANTS 

1000  acres  devoted  to  the  growing  of  Scarff’s 
fruiting  strains  of  small  fruit  plants,  fruit  trees, 
farm  seeds,  garden  roots,  etc.  Our  free  catalog 
will  surely  please  and  save  you  money. 

W.  N.  SCARFF,  New  Carlisle,  Ohio 


as 
grows 


ONION  SEED 


We  are  hoadquarters  for  a  full  line  of  Stras- 
burg,  Flat  Danvers  and  Yellow  Globe  Onion 
Seed.  Try  them  for  No.  1  stock.  Get  prices. 
- THEILM AN N  SEED  CO  .  ERIE,  PA. - 


VICK’S 


Garden  and  Floral 

GUIDE  for  1911 


J  Cabbage  Seed — We  sup-I 
'ply  largest  growers  in  U.S.l 
Cauliflower  —  Danish’ 
grown,  large,  fertile  seed.  ’ 

Onion  Seed -No  cleaner,  truer  seed. 

Cucumber  Seed — White  as  chalk.  _ 

Also  pedigreed  Peas,  Beans  and  Sweet  Corn.  About 
K  usual  prices.  We  sell  direct— no  middlemen.  Write. 
FORREST  SEED  CO„  Box  32  Cortland,  W.Y. 


You  can’t  sow  thistles  and 
reap  figs.  If  you  plant 
Ferry’s  Seeds  you 
grow  exactly  what 
you  expect  and  in 
a  profusion 
and  perfec- 
tion  never  G 

excelled.  _  _  ' _  _  _ 

Fifty 
years  of 
study  and 
experience 
make  them  re¬ 
liable.  For  sale 
reverywhere.  Ferry’s 
1911  Seed  Annual 
"free  on  request 
D.  M.  FERRY  &  CO., 
Detroit  Mich. 


*  4 


Strawberry  Plants-gooT^ 

at  $1.00  ger  1,000  and  up.  Catalogue  free. 

ALLEN  BROS..  I’AW  PAW,  MU’H. 

WARFIELD  STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  for  $1.00  per  1.000. 

Sen.  Dunlap  for  $2.00  per  1,000.  Catalogue  free. 
100  varieties.  J.  G.  PRESTAGE.  Allegan.  Mich. 

CTRAWBERRY  PLANTS  — All  the  1  eading  mid  money  making 

O  varieties  .ready  to  ship  now.  D.  KODWAY,  Hartly.Del. 

rf)D  CM  E— Canada  Peas.Sl. 85 bushel ;  Alas- 
rUn  Oil  Lb  ka  Peas,  $4.00  bushel:  Cow  Peas. 
$2.25  bushel;  Crimson  Clover  Seed,  $8.50  bushel. 
Sow  Canada  Peas  and  Oats  in  March  and  harvest 
a  crop  of  Hay  in  May.  Onion  Sets  at  $2.25  per 
bushel.  JOSEPH  E.  HOLLAND,  Milford,  Del. 


Ready  now.  As  always,  the  authority  on  what,  how, 
when’  and  where  to  plant.  Sent  Free, 
xrv  a  n  s  r  errne  Headquarters  for  Alfalfa, 
a  A K IV1  O L  L  OO  Clover,  all  liay  and  pasture 
mixtures,  Beans.  Cabbage,  Corn.  Oats,  Onions,  Potatoes 
and  all  farm  seeds  in  large  or  small  quantities  at  lowest 
market  prices  for  absolutely  highest  quality.  Your  copy 
of  the  Guide  is  waiting  for  you.  Write  for  it  to-day. 

JAS.  VICK’S  SONS,  430  MAIN  STREET,  ROCHESTER.  N.  Y. 


ISBELL’S  SEEDS 

For  only  10c  we  send  fivey 
packetsFlowerSeeds  or  five 
packets  Vegetable  Seeds 
andthen  return  the  money 
in  the  form  of  a  Due  Bill 
good  for  10c  to  apply  on 
any  order  amounting 
to  50c  or  more. 

We  also  send  free  our 
large  104  page  Seed  An-  ^ 
nual, quoting  fresh, vital 
Mich  iga  n  -grown  seeds  at  very 
moderate  prices.  Perfect  satisfac¬ 
tion  or  money  refunded.  Sendto-day. 

S.  M.  ISBELL  &  Co.,  Seedsmen 

Box  401  JACKSON,  MICH. 


|  imp.  Yellow  Globe  Onion 

Sew  England  grown  seed — blight  resisting, 

heavy  cropper,  good  shipper,  unequalled  tor  , 

keeping.  Repeatedly  fives  from  700  to  800  bus. 
per  acre.  Per  lb.  $1.T5  postpaid;  %  lb.  65c;  ounoe 
25o;  package  10c.  Write  to-day  for  our  haudsome 
1911  Catalogue,  lor  facta  about  Excelsior  Pea*, 
Swedish  Oata,  Imp.  Original  Crosby  Corn, 
Vickery’8  Forcing  Gucnmbcr, 

Symmes  Bloc  Hubbard  /^arrop_T. 
Squash,  and  other 

GrcK“  ^hdhest, 

J.J.H.Gr«rory  k  f 
14  Elm  St.,  Mar 


ALFALFA 

All  Northern  grown,  guaranteed  to  be  99  percent 
pure  and  free  from  dodder.  Write  for  free  sample 
on  which  we  Invite  you  to  get  Government  testa. 
This  Beed  should  produce  hay  at  $60  per  acre,  an¬ 
nually.  Free  Instructions  on  growing. 

GRAIN  AND  GRASS  SEED 

Northern  grown  and  of  .strongest  vitality.  We 
handle  export  grade  only  and  can  furnish  grass 
mixture  suitable  for  any  soils.  Write  for  catalog. 

WING  SEED  CO.,  Box  223  Mechanicsburo.  O. 

GLOVER  TIMOTHY  ?£§&" 

Cheapest  and  Ilest  Seeding  Knows 

i  Alsike,  Clover  and  Timothy  mixed.  Fully  14  AJ- 
,  slke,  a  great  bargain.  Most  wonderful  hay  and  pas- 
i  ture  combination  that  grows.  Write  for  Free  Sam¬ 
ple  and  our  large  76-page  catalog  describing  this 
wonderful  grass  mixture.  Far  ahead  of  anything 
you  can  sow  and  ridiculously  cheap.  Be  convinced. 
A.  A.  Herr >  Seed  Co.,  lioxseo  (Jlariuda,  Iowa* 


Special 

Offer 


Try  our  seeds  this  year.  They  will  more 
than  please  you.  For  only  10c.  in  U.  S. 
stamps  or  coin  we  will  send  a  regular 
.  full  size  packet  of 

Beet,  Improved  Blood  Turnip, 

Bettuce,  May  Kina,  , 

Radish,  Scarlet  Turnip,  White  Tipped, 
Aster,  Queen  of  the  Market,  mixed, 

I  Sweet  Peas,  Finest  mixed,  and  a  copy  ol 
the  best  Catalogue  we  ever  issued. 
Remember,  these  are  regular  size  packets***!  should  hot  be 
compared  with  those  sent  out  in  some  collections.  Sena  tor 
the  catalogue  anyway.  It’s  free  and  better  than  ever. 

M,  H.BRUHJES  A  SOHS.^'.nlia'S.Vr: 


1911 


THE  R U  RAL  NEW-YORKER 


133 


WHEN  SHOULD  PULLETS  LAY  ? 

At  what  age  should  100  April  pullets  of 
the  American  breeds,  such  as  P.  Rocks, 
Wyandottes,  or  R.  I.  Reds,  be  giving  a  25 
per  cent  egg  production,  when  they  are 
reared  on  free  range  with  good  feed? 

Connecticut.  p. 

This  is  a  question  somewhat  difficult 
to  answer,  because  what  one  man  would 
consider  “good  feeding"  another  might 
think  was  neglect.  Undoubtedly  the 
date  at  which  pullets  of  the  American 
breeds  will  commence  laying  may  be 
very  considerably  hastened  by  the  kind 
of  food  given  them,  and  the  food  is 
not  the  only  thing  to  be  considered. 
They  may  be  very  badly  set  back  by 
overcrowding  at  night,  sweating  off 
nearly  all  the  day’s  gain.  And  this 
often  happens  when  there  is  an  abun¬ 
dance  of  small  houses  and  plenty  of 
room  if  the  chicks  would  remain  in,  or 
return  to  their  usual  houses.  But  some 
night  (and  it  will  be  the  night  when  you 
had  to  go  away  or  neglected  to  make 
the  usual  rounds)  a  lot  of  them  will 
crowd  into  one  house,  and  if  it  is  warm 
weather  and  a  closed  house  with  just 
an  entrance  hole,  there  will  be  trouble. 
Probably  no  other  single  cause  con¬ 
tributes  so  much  to  “setbacks"  in  the 
growth  of  young  stock  where  a  lot  of 
them  range  together.  This  overcrowd¬ 
ing  is  particularly  dangerous  in  the 
Fall.  Often  there  is  a  change  of  weather 
in  the  night,  a  driving  rain  meets  the 
chicks  as  they  come  out  with  the  first 
streak  of  daylight,  they  get  chilled,  colds 
result,  there  are  a  lot  of  wet  nostrils, 
and  you  must  get  out  your  permanganate 
of  potash  and  put  in  the  drinking  water, 
or  you  will  have  a  lot  of  roupy  birds 
before  you  know  it.  But  1  have  got 
away  from  the  question :  “At  what  age 
may  the  American  breeds  be  expected 
to  lay  a  25  per  cent  egg  yield?”  If 
they  have  had  beef  scraps  and  a  good 
dry  mash  where  they  could  get  at  it 
anytime,  and  plenty  of  a  variety  of  hard 
grains,  wheat,  oats,  barley  and  cracked 
corn,  green  food,  plenty  of  good  water, 
and  no  setbacks,  Wyandottes  and  R.  1. 
Reds  should  be  giving  a  25  per  cent  egg 
production  surely  when  seven  months 
old,  P.  Rocks  three  to  four  weeks  later. 
Last  Summer  my  first  brood  of  White 
Wyandottes  were  all  laying  when  six 
months  old;  one  of  them  began  in  Au¬ 
gust  when  just  five  months  old;  hatched 
March  20,  laid  August  21.  After  lay¬ 
ing  out  the  first  clutch  she  molted  her 
tail  feathers  only ;  I  know,  because  she 
got  against  a  freshly  painted  hay  rake 
and  had  a  blue  mark  on  each  wing 
which  remained  after  she  got  to  laying 
again,  which  she  did  before  her  new  tail 
was  fully  grown.  I  attribute  this  early 
laying  partly  to  the  fact  that  I  have  for 
severel  seasons  mated  up  three  or  four 
pens  from  the  earliest  laying  pullets.  I 
did  it  because  I  thought  the  early  lay¬ 
ers  were  the  best  layers,  but  probably 
the  effect  was  to  increase  the  tendency 
to  early  laying.  The  bad  effect  of  over¬ 
crowding  may  be  minimized  by  using 
houses  that  are  entirely  open  in  front, 
except  for  wire  netting  coming  down 
to  six  inches  above  the  floor.  A  board 
fastened  by  a  button  at  each  end  closes 
that  six  inches  at  night  and  keeps  out 
cats,  etc.  When  the  board  is  removed 
the  chicks  come  out  under  the  wire.  A 
wide  board  fastened  against  the  coop  at 
top,  with  the  bottom  edge  slanting  out¬ 
ward,  will  keep  driving  rains  from  wet¬ 
ting  the  inside  of  the  coops. 

GEO.  A.  COSGROVE. 


spreading.  Your  observations  are  about 
right.  Lime  shows  on  clover,  cabbage, 
Timothy  and  wheat,  but  gives  poorer  re¬ 
sults  generally  on  oats,  rye,  corn  or 
Red-top.  As  a  rule,  we  think  celery 
will  do  better  on  a  slightly  acid  soil. 

Potato  Questions. 

IF.  M.,  Locke,  N.  Y. — I  have  five  acres 
of  land,  not  very  good  soil,  that  I  wish 
to  put  to  potatoes.  I  have  covered  it  with 
horse  manure  and  buckwheat  straw,  wish 
to  plow  deep  and  fit  well,  mark  both  ways 
three  feet  apart,  and  use  200  pounds  of 
high  grade  potato  fertilizer.  How  would  it 
do  to  drop  fertilizer  in  hills  and  potatoes 
on  top  of  it,  and  cover  deeply?  Could  you 
tell  me  the  best  size  to  cut  seed  and  could 
I  spray  with  five-gallon  compressed  air 
sprayer  that  is  carried  on  back,  and  use 
same  mixture  for  blight  and  bugs? 

Ans. — We  do  not  use  manure  on  po¬ 
tatoes.  As  this  field  is  to  be  planted 
we  would  drop  the  fertilizer,  after  cov¬ 
ering  the  potato  seed  in  the  hills  and 
cover  with  a  cultivator.  We  should 
cut  the  seed  to  pieces  containing  two 
strong  eyes.  It  will  be  a  large  job  to 
spray  five  acres  by  hand  with  a  five- 
gallon  sprayer.  We  should  not  want  to 
try  it.  _ 

Trespassing  Pigeons. 

What  remedy  can  you  give  for  keeping  a 
neighbor’s  pigeons  off  your  grain  field  and 
also  a  point  or  two  of  law  on  the  subject? 

Sebago  Lake,  Me.  w.  f.  d. 

After  notifying  the  neighbor  of  the  dam¬ 
age,  in  case  this  does  not  help  a  shot  gun 
is  about  the  only  remedy.  You  have  the 
right  to  protect  your  property.  You  could 
only  collect  at  law  the  damage  done  by 
the  birds,  and  your  neighbor  could  only 
collect  the  value  of  the  birds  if  you  shot 
them. 


A  PERFECT  STAND 

Of  potato**  ia  what  you  will  get  with  good 
eecd  and  an  Iron  Ago  Planter.  It  plants  100 
per  cent,  without  misses  or  doubles  or  in¬ 
jury  to  the  seed.  Every  seed  piece  placed, 
just  right,  at  even  spaces  and  covered  uni¬ 
formly.  The  boy  pays  tor  bis  labor  10  to  20 
times  over,  and  the  planter  pays  for  itself — 

•ok  any  user.  With  or  without  fertilizer  distributor 

IRON  ACE  Garden  Tools 

have  “made  good”  and  proven  their 
superiority  for  75  years.  Sond 
postal  to  day  for  our  Anni¬ 
versary  Catalog— it  tells  all 
about  our  Potato  Planters, 

Cultivators,  Diggers,  Spray- 
ers,  Garden  Tools.  Wheel  '  Tj'sC'i 

Hoes,  Drills,  etc.,  and  ia  'L'-.  >> 

F  U  E  B  Don't  delay.  :&°v'  ^  ^  * '  S~A 

BATEMAN  IVt'P'O  CO. 
BOX  1036  9RENLOCH,  N.  J. 


■  1  ■  i  ■  refii 

3 'N 

Save  Money  on 

■m 

1 

i  Berry  Boxes  and 

Miffi 

Baskets 

Fruit  and  Vege¬ 
table  Packages 

and  Growers*  Supplies  of  all  kinds,! 

Write  for  free  money-aaviug  catalogue  * 
and  price-list. 

Lararest  Faetory’of  its  Kind  in  the  Country* 

NEW  ALBANY  BOX  AND  BASKET  C0.,Box  111,  New  Albany, Ind. 


Lime  Exposed  to  Weather. 

F.  K.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. — Is  air-slaked 
lime,  lying  in  piles  outside  for  years  and 
lumpy,  any  good  on  land?  I  did  not  see 
any  difference  in  oats,  but  clover  is  better 
than  ever  before.  Cabbage  showed  the  dif¬ 
ference  in  the  limed  and  not  limed  parts, 
but  in  celery  I  could  not  see  any  difference ; 
parts  not  limed  were  even  better. 

Ans. — The  tendency  of  burned  lime 
when  exposed  in  this  way  is  to  go  back 
to  the  carbonate  form  about  the  same 
as  ground  limestone.  These  lumps 
should  be  crushed  to  permit  even 


NATURALS  PHOSPHATE 


In  Rotating  Your 
Crops  don't  fail 
to  apply  Natural 
F  i  ne-C  round 
Phosphate  when 
breaking  your  ciover, 
grass  or  grain  stut 
sods.  ,This  is  the  bes 
time  to  apply  it  to  th 
soil  direct.  Address 


THE  RELIABLE 


The  right  amount 
applied  just  then, 
at  not  over  $1.00 
per  acre  cost  per 
crop, will  increase 
each  crop  grown  du  r¬ 
ing  the  rotation  from  50 
to  75*  Write  for  free 
00  k  I  e  t ,  telling  all 
bout  it. 


THE  FARMERS  GROUND  ROCK  PHOSPHATE  CO  .TENNESSEE1 


The  Sowing  of  Fertilizers. 

Commercial  fertilizers  are  coming 
into  more  general  use  every  day.  That 
they  are  difficult  to  sow  is  well  known 
to  all  users.  The  reason  for  this  is  that 
they  vary  as  to  consistency.  Some  of 
the  fertilizers  are  bone  dry,  others 
lumpy  and  sticky.  Then,  too,  commer¬ 
cial  fertilizers  are  affected  by  atmo¬ 
spherical  conditions,  which  make  them 
hard  to  sow.  The  Superior  Drill,  made 
by  The  American  Seeding-Machine  Co., 
Incorporated,  Springfield,  Ohio,  will 
successfully  handle  all  known  brands 
of  commercial  fertilizers  no  matter  how 
difficult  to  sow.  The  Superior  is  guar¬ 
anteed  to  dp  the  work  and  to  do  it  right. 
Therefore  the  farmer  runs  no  risk  in 
purchasing  a  Superior.  These  drills  are 
made  in  a  wide  range  of  styles  and 
sizes,  and  in  addition  to  sowing  all 
brands  of  commercial  fertilizers,  as  well 
as  granular  lime,  will  sow  every  known 
grain  and  grass  seed,  from  the  tiniest 
grass  to  large  bush  Lima  beans  without 
cracking  the  seed.  The  grain  and  fer¬ 
tilizer  feeds  are  known  to  be  positive 
force  feeds.  The  mechanism  is  very 
simple  and  easily  understood.  The  Su¬ 
perior  is  strong  and  will  stand  up  under 
the  most  severe  work.  Write  to  the 
manufacturers  for  a  copy  of  their  Supe¬ 
rior  catalogue.  Then  go  to  your  retail 
dealer  and  insist  on  seeing  the  Superior 
Drill. 


THE  SIMPLE, 
KODAK  W A  Y 

DEVELOPING  films  in  the  Kodak  Film 
Tank  is  so  easy  and  so  little  apparatus  is 
needed  that  you  can  do  all  the  work  on  the 
kitchen  table  and  have  room  to  spare.  The 
Kodak  Film  Tank  can  be  used  in  any  light — 
no  dark-room  for  any  of  the  processes.  The 
experience  is  in  the  tank,  so  you  won’t  waste 
any  time  or  materials  in  learning  how. 

The  important  part  of  it  is  that  a  begin¬ 
ner  who  uses  the  Kodak  Film  Tank  gets 
better  results  than  the  veteran  Kodaker  who 
clings  to  the  dark-room  method.  Develop¬ 
ing  films  will  make  many  a  winter  evening 
pass  quickly  and  will  give  you  that  satis¬ 
faction  which  comes  from  doing  every  part 
of  the  work  yourself. 

Ask  your  dealer  or  write  us  direct  /or  a  /ret 
copy  0/  the  booklet  “Tank  Development ." 

EASTMAN  KODAK  CO., 

387  State  Street,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 


THIS  FORGE  OUTFIT  WILL  SAVE  IT'S  COST 
IN  30  DAYS  ON  YOUR  FARM 

This  Practical  Farmer's  F^rge  Outfit  saves  it’s  small  initial 
cost  only  So.bO-  in  HO  days.  With  it  you  can  do  all  your  black- 
sniitbii:i?  and  repairing.  Does  equally  as  much  work  as  any 
$10 -GO  forge  ever  made.  One  farmer  writes:  “I  had  never 
before  built  a  Are  in  a  forgo,  but  now  I  do  all  my  own  black- 
smithing  and  repairing  and  have  invented  a  Horse  Hoeing 
Machine  and  made  75  of  them  on  the  Farmer’s 
Forge.”  Another  writes:  ‘‘I  wouldn’t  take 
fclOO  for  mine,  if  I  couldn’t  get  another.” 

Special  Winter  Offer 

Farmer’s  Forge  complete,  $3.60,  or  1  Farmer’s 
Forge,  1  anvil  and  vise  combined  and  1  pair  of 
tongs,  all  for  $5.40. 

Satisfaction  Guaranteed  or  Money  Refunded. 

Our  Farmer’s  Forges  sold  14  years  ago  are  still 
giving  entire  satisfaction.  Our  forges  have  hearths 
24x26  inches,  Ilk  inch  blowers,  run  easy  and  have 
all  the  first-class  qualities  of  high-priced  forges. 

Fully  warranted.  Orders  shipped  promptly.  Write  to¬ 
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Edwards  interlocking 
“Reo”  Steel  Shingles 

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they  are  stamped  of  best  Bessemer 
Steel  5  to  12  feet  longf  and  24  Inches  wide. 
I  hey  are  made  either  in  plain  steel,  painted 
on  both  sides,  or  heavily  galvanized.  They 
will  not  rust  nor  corrode.  The  interlocking 
feature  covers  the  nails  and  provides  for 
expansion  or  contraction. 

Put  Them  On  Yourself 

Anyono  can  lay  these  shingles  on  any  roof* 
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Being  the  largest  manufacturers  of  every  kind 
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1 34 


THE  Kl.: KAL  NEW-YORKER 


February  4, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


Several  friends  have  asked  me  to 
print  what  the  Hope  Farm  man  had  to 
say  at  the  banquet  of  the  New  \ork 
State  Fruit  Growers’  Association.  The 
topic  was  supposed  to  be  “My  Advice 
to  the  Young  Man.”  One  who  asks 
for  this  is  a  young  man  who  hardly 
needs  this  advice — another  is  an  older 
man  who  would  not  take  it.  At  any 
rate — here  goes.  I  suppose  we  may  all 
be  pardoned  for  a  little  “guff”  at  start¬ 
ing  : 

Heredity  and  Environment. — My  ex¬ 
perience  with  young  men,  as  something  of 
an  old  boy  myself,  convinced  me  that  no 
one  should  dare  to  advise  them  unless  be 
can  pose  as  a  teacher  of  long  standing 
and  strong  training.  I  am  no  teacher,  al¬ 
though  I  ought  to  be.  In  one  of  Bailey’s 
books  I  learn  that  the  two  great  prin¬ 
ciples  of  living  force  are  heredity  and  en¬ 
vironment-  1  confess  that  1  don't  know 
exactly  what  they  mean,  but  Bailey  does, 
and  if  we  see  it  in  his  book  it  must  be 
so.  At  any  rate  I  have  them  both  in  my 
make-up.  My  mother  was  a  teacher  and  so 
was  my  mother-in-law.  My  sisters  are 
teachers,  I  married  a  teacher,  and  *1 
hope  my  daughter  will  be  qualified  to 
teach.  'Surrounded  by  all  this  evidence 
of  classified  wisdom  I  have  learned  that 
it  is  far  better  for  a  man  to  resign 
practice  and  present  himself  as  a  willing 
sacrifice  to  be  practiced  upon.  My  first 
advice  to  a  y,oung  man  would  be  to  marry 
a  good  school-marm  if  he  can  get  one  gen¬ 
erous  enough  or  one  blind  or  fond  enough  to 
overlook  his  deficiencies.  Then  let  him  re¬ 
sign  guardianship  at  once,  and  let  her  boss 
the  job,  as  she  most  certainly  will. 

Tiie  Whole  Thing. — But  speaking  seri¬ 
ously.  out  of  a  hard  life  of  half  a  century, 
my  advice  to  a  young  man  is  to  strive 
earnestly  for  four  things  which  lie  at  the 
very  foundation  of  life.  These  things  are 
wife,  home,  a  piece  of  land  and  power. 
These  four  things  make  a  square  within 
which  lies  all  that  the  world  has  to  offer. 
A  king  can  have  no  more.  Any  man  who 
honestly  and  with  faith  can  build  this  wall 
around  his  life  may  laugh  at  adversity  and 
truly  say  “the  world  is  mine.”  Let  us 
analyze  them  for  a  moment.  I  would  ad¬ 
vise*  the  young  man  to  get  the  promise  of 
a  good  woman,  to  realize  what  that  prom¬ 
ise  means,  and  then  be  prepared  to  spend 
the  best  energies  of  his  life  in  making  good 
and  honoring  that  promise. 

Home. — No  man  is  worth  his  salt  who 
does  not  have  a  home  to  which  be  may  go 
in  time  of  joy,  in  time  of  sorrow,  always 
to  feel  that  he  is  away  from  the  hard  and 
biting  world.  I  think  the  truest  test  of 
character  comes  to  the  man  when  he  is 
obliged  to  make  his  own  home,  to  dig  the 
foundation  and  build  the  walls ;  the  mortar 
moistened  with  his  own  sweat  and  the 
marks  of  the  bricks  upon  his  own  hands. 
You  young  men  may  not  agree  with  me, 
but  I  consider  it  a  misfortune  for  any 
young  man  to  have  a  rich  father.  I  have 
bo  use  for  the  sentiment  which  young 
men  often  express  when  saying  that  “the 
old  man”  will  provide  for  them.  It  is  far 
better  for  a  strong  young  man  to  believe 
it  his  dutv  to  care  for  his  father  rather 
than  to  believe  that  father  should  care  for 
him. 

A  Piece  of  Land. — The  time  will  come 
within  the  life  of  you  young  men  when 
one  who  cannot  leave  his  children  a  piece 
of  land  will  be  considered  an  unfortunate 
citizen.  I  hail  the  day  when  public  senti¬ 
ment  will  compel  the  great  holders  of  land 
to  break  up  their  large  estates  so  that  all 
men  may  have  a  home  and  a  right  to  the 
soil.  You  voung  men  do  not  realize  the 
wonderful  things  that  are  coming  to  this 
country  through  the  land.  We  have  reached 
the  time  when  food  production  is  falling 
short  of  consumption.  Never  again  in  this 
country  shall  we  see  such  a  thing  as  cheap 
bread.  This  means  a  monopoly  for  those 
who  produce  food  such  as  has  never  been 
known  before,  and  the  owner  of  a  piece  of 
land  will  be  the  part  of  this  great  monop¬ 
oly.  Where  shall  the  young  man  look  for 
his  piece  of  land?  In  that  section  east  of 
the  Ohio  River  from  West  Virginia  on  the 
south  to  New  York  along  the  St.  I^awrence 
to  the  Atlantic  lies  the  most  hopeful  re¬ 
gion  for  the  farmer  that  the  world  has  ever 
known.  This  section  embraces  barely  eight 
per  cent  of  all  our  territory,  yet  it  contains 
two  of  the  largest  cities  in  the  world. 
There  are  eight  cities  with  over  250,000 
population,  23  with  over  100,000,  and  83 
with  over  25,000.  Now  where  on  the  face 
of  the  earth  is  there  a  more  hopeful  chance 
for  increased  markets  for  the  superior  kinds 
of  food?  Where  is  it  possible  to  develop 
electric  power  as  can  be  done  in  this  re¬ 
gion,  and  where  can  a  young  man  with  a 
piece  of  land  find  greater  opportunity  for 
body  and  mind? 

Power. — There  are  three  kinds  of  power, 
the  first  is  physical*,  the  care  of  the  body 
and  keeping  it  under  control.  There  have 
been  times  in  the  world’s  history  when 
great  things  were  done  by  sick  men,  men 
with  deformity  or  men  with  affliction  who 
were  pushed  on  by  sheer  courage  and  will, 
but  in  the  future  as  in  the  past  the  work 
of  the  world  will  be  done*  by  well  men  who 
at  30  lay  the  foundation  for  a  reserve 
of  strength  to  be  used  at  GO.  My  advice 
to  the  young  man  would  be  to  hold  his 
body  and  its  powers  like  an  honest  bank 
account  with  never  an  overdraft  or  specula¬ 
tion.  Then  there  is  mental  power.  In  the 
future  as  never  before  the  brain  is  to  have 
the  mastery  over  matter.  The  trained  man 
will  lead  in  all  great  enterprises.  I  would 
advise  every  young  man  if  possible  to  ob¬ 
tain  a  college  education,  even  a  short  course 
if  nothing  more  to  gain  the  college  spirit. 
If  that  be  impossible  I  would  master  the 
reading  habit,  and  I  would  master  through 
it  every  good  book  within  reach  of  my 
home.  Do  not  tell  me  that  you  cannot  find 
time  for  reading.  I  know  better.  I  have 
worked  as  hard  as  any  man,  yet  out  of  the 
odds  and  ends  of  life  I  have  been  able  to 
read  and  study.  Now  I  find  that  these 
fragments  of  time  welded  together  through 
books  and  thought  have  developed  into  a 
priceless  legacy,  a  noble  offering  for  the 
best  that  the  world’s  history  has  to  present. 

Thus  far  I  have  spoken  of  the  material 
things  which  naturally  come  first  into  the 
mind  of  a  strong  and  hopeful  man.  We 
now  dome  to  the  dominating  force,  the 


g*eat  thing  which  finally  decides  a  man's 
life,  and  that  is  spiritual  power.  You 
young  men  in  your  strength  and  pride  may 
think  that  the  little  share  of  property  or 
money  which  vou  are  to  accumulate  is  your 
fair  contribution  to  society.  You  will  live 
to  learn,  and  every  gray-haired  man  in  this 
room  will  back  me  up  in  the  statement, 
that  the  world  does  not  need  your  money 
one-half  as  much  as  it  needs  your  man¬ 
hood,  your  mind  and  your  moral  power. 
These  same  older  men  will  also  endorse 
me  when  I  say  that  the  man  who  leaves  the 
world  nothing  but  houses  and  lands  or 
reputation  for  great  learning  will  fall  far 
short  of  the  gift  of  the  less  prominent  man 
who  offers  society  spiritual  service. 

And  what  is  the  spiritual  service  which 
a  young  man  may  give  out  of  his  life  to 
others?  You  see  that  a  talk  to  a  young 
man  naturally  runs  off  into  a  sermon.  Of 
all  the  Bible  stories  that  I  remember  not 
one  appeals  to  me  more  than  that  of  the 
man  who  was  cured  of  an  unclean  spirit.  I 
take  it  that  this  unclean  spirit  meant  de¬ 
pression.  ignorance,  hesitation  and  lack  of 
pride  and  respect  for  oneself  and  one’s  place 
in  the  world.  I  take  it  that  this  man  was 
cured  by  lifting  him  out  of  his  state  into 
the  glory  of  education,  moral  power  and 
ambition*,  and  of  pride  and  respect  for  him¬ 
self  and  his  nobler  self.  You  remember 
how  this  man  in  all  the  joy  of  his  new¬ 
found  freedom  came  to  the  great  Master  of 
mankind  who  had  set  him  free.  The  slave, 
now  a  free  man,  begged  that  he  might  go 
out  into  the  limelight,  out  where  men  of 
his  class  would  applaud  him,  and  tell  his 
wonderful  story  to  the  world.  The  answer 
was  “Return  to  thine  own  house  and  allow 
how  great  things  Ood  hath  done  for  thee.” 

The  Application. — This  room  is  filled 
with  men  who  in  one  way  or  another  have 
been  grouglit  up  from  slavery.  It  may  be 
the  slavery  of  poverty,  of  despair,  of  afflic¬ 
tion,  of  ignorance,  of  lack  of  opportunity 
or  ambition.  If  rising  from  these  condi¬ 
tions,  you  have  found  competence,  educa¬ 
tion,  health  or  moral  power  you  have  been  | 
redeemed.  If  so  you  are  under  an  obliga¬ 
tion  to  tell  your  story  wherever  you  go.  I 
You  Cornell  graduates,  you  prosperous  fruit 
growers,  you  men  and  women  who  have 
home  and  competence  and  happiness,  have 
heard  the  call  and  should  obey  it.  You  arc 
obligated  to  tell  your  story.  Not  here,  not 
in  easy  places  among  your  own  kind,  but 
back  in  lonely  homes  on  hill  and  in  valley 
where  men  and  women  still  stand  in  the 
shadow  of  the  unclean  spirit  from  which 
you  have  been  made  free.  And  if  any 
strong  and  hopeful  young  man  ask  me 
whence  comes  this  obligation  I  would  an¬ 
swer  in  words  which  have  been  repeated 
over  and  over  for  centuries  “For  1  have 
redeemed  tliec— I  have  called  thee  by  thy 
name — thou  art  mine!” 

College  for  Farmers. — Here  is  a  new 
situation  to  me: 

We  are  an  organization  intending  to  buy  1 
a  farm  in  this  vicinity,  for  truck  farming,  j 
We  have  sufficient  money  to  start  in  well, 
we  have  a  man,  a  member  of  our  organiza¬ 
tion,  who  is  an  experienced  farmer  of  five 
years’  experience  and  is  fairly  successful. 
Would  it  better  for  the  organization  to  send 
one  of  our  members,  who  is  entirely  with¬ 
out  any  farming  experience,  to  an  agricul¬ 
tural  school,  or  would  the  instruction  of 
this  farmer,  our  member,  be  sufficient ;  or 
would  it  be  better  that  this  member  go  to 
the  school  after  he  has  had  one  year’s  ex¬ 
perience  through  the  instruction  of  this, 
our  well-experienced  farmer  member;  or 
would  it  not  then  be  necessary?  m.  a. 

Pennsylvania. 

I  should  send  one  of  the  members  of 
this  organization  to  the  Pennsylvania 
Agricultural  College  at  once,  this  Win¬ 
ter,  and  let  him  take  some  short  course. 
He  could  thus  get  acquainted  with  the 
teachers  and  workers  there,  so  they 
would  help  later  in  case  their  advice 
was  needed.  He  would  pick  up  a  few 
principles  of  farming  during  his  stay. 
This  brief  experience  would  show 
whether  it  would  pay  to  send  him  back 
for  a  full  year.  I  think  it  would. 

Florida  Note. — As  I  write  this  I  am 
on  my  way  South.  Wait  till  I  get  there 
before  asking  an  opinion  about  the  State. 
While  we  are  waiting  here  is  a  report 
from  an  old  friend,  D.  L.  Hartman,  now 
located  in  Dade  Co.  He  was  formerly 
in  Pennsylvania. 

I  just  returned  from  a  bicycle  trip  some 
five  miles  south  to  a  district  where  snap 
beans  are  a  specialty.  There  must  be  sev¬ 
eral  hundred  acres  lying  close  together  in 
that  one  section.  Within  several  miles  of 
this  point  there  must  be  upwards  of  500 
acres  of  tomatoes,  most  of  them  in  very 
good  condition.  I  have  three  acres  myself 
planted  October  27  that  meet  across  seven- 
foot  rows,  and  first  specimens  just  begin¬ 
ning  to  ripen,  January  15.  My  strawber¬ 
ries  give  every  promise  of  a  crop  of  up¬ 
wards  of  25,000  quarts  of  splendid  berries. 

I  picked  44  quarts  last  week ;  they  are 
binging  50  cents  per  quart  wholesale.  There 
will  probably  be  several  hundred  quarts 
this  coming  week,  but  price  will  drop  and 
after  that  the  “deluge.”  Fine  big  berries, 
possibly  not  as  fine  as  your  Marshalls,  but 
as  fine  I  think  as  any  I  have  ever  seep. 
Most  of  whai  we  have  picked  thus  far 
averaged  somewhat  between  30  and  35  ber¬ 
ries  per  quart.  The  color  is  all  that  could 
be  desired.  d.  l.  haiitman. 

Now  I  know  that  Brother  Hartman 
in  Pennsylvania  was  a  conservative 
man  who  gave  us  the  facts.  Therefore 
I  cannot  think  these  are  “big  stories” — 
but  he  had  to  learn  how  to  do  it — and 
pay  for  the  knowledge. 

At  last  reports  our  folks  were  still 
hunting  for  a  cow.  There  are  some 
good  ones  in  the  State,  but  not  many. 
Some  of  the  large  hotels  in  North  Flor¬ 
ida,  I  understand,  have  herds  of  cattle 
which  are  milked  through  the  Winter 
and  driven  up  into  Georgia  for  the  Sum¬ 
mer.  At  the  great  resorts  in  southern 
Florida  I  think  most  of  the  cream  and 
part  of  the  milk  are  brought  from  the 
North.  From  most  points  of  view  the 
dairy  business  looks  right.  Let  us  find 
out  the  drawbacks.  H.  w.  c. 


AVE  MONEY,  TIME  AND  LABOR 

Before  Building,  Write  for  Free  Booklet  and  Samples  of 


WAUboaI»eathiNG 


RISHOPRIC  WALL  BOARD  is  cheaper  and 
D  better  than  Lath  and  Plaster;  applied  winter  or 
Summer.  YOU  can  easily  nail  it  to  studding.  Ap¬ 
plied  dry  it  is  at  once  ready  for  paint, paper  or  burlap, 
is  clean  and  sanitary;  guaranteed  proof  against 
dampness,  heat,  cold,  sound  and  vermin. 

CONSTRUCTION 
Made  of  kiln-dried  dressed 
lath,  imbedded  in  hot  Asphalt 
Mastic,  andsurfaced  with  sired 
cardboar  d;iscutatthe  factory 
into  uniform  sheets,  4x4  ft. sq. 
and  three-eighths  of  an  inch 
thick.  These  sheetsfdelivered 
in  crates)  are  easilyandquick- 
lynailedtostudding.  Usedfor 
dwellings,  pleasure,  health  re- 
sortan  d  factory  buildings,  new 
partitionsin  old  buildings,  fin¬ 
ishing  attics,  cellars,  porches. 


■RISHOPRIC  SHEATHING  saves 7S  per  cent  in 
L>  material  an  d  labor.  Same  as  Wall  Board,  but  card¬ 
board  surface  of  Sheathing  is  not  recommended 
for  decorative  purpose  ’.therefore  costs  less.  Quick¬ 
ly  nailed  to  studs  with  laths  and  asphalt  exposed. 

Shows  weatherboards  over  Sheathing,  1 
side  exposed;  also 
Bishopric  Roofing, 
over  Sheathing,  ^ 
smooth  side 
exposed 


Applying  Wall  Board  laundries,  garages. 

Price  $2.50  per  100  sq.  ft.  or  $6.40  per  crate  of  256  sq.  ft. 
f.  o.  b.  factories.  New  Orleans,  Cincinnati,  or  Alma,  Midi. 

Write  for  Booklet  and  Free  samples  of  Wall  Board,  Sheathing  and  Roofing 

The  Mastic  Wall  Board  &  Roofing  Mfg.  Co.  43  E.  Third  St.  Cincinnati,  O. 


_ ■ _  _  _  g 

paper.  Proo  f  againstheat.cold,  dampness.  Used  with 
excellent  resultsas  cheapestand  best  lining  for  dairy 
barns,  poultry  houses,  stables  and  other  buildings. 

Price $2.35  per  square  of  100  sq.ft,  or  $6  per  crate  of  256 
sq.  ft.  f.  o.  b.  New  Orleans,  Cincinnati, or  Alma,  Mich. 


Spray  30  Acres  a  Day 

Potatoes,  Small  Fruits,  Vines 

Spraying  that  counts.  6  rows  at  a  time  with  force  to  do 
work  right.  Foliage  sprayed  aU  over,  under  as  well  as 
on  vop.  The  Perfection  Sprayer  is  also  great  at  orchard 
work.  Spray  trees  by  hand.  Easy  to  maintain  160 
pounds  pressure  with  two  nozzles  going.  Strong  60 
g&Uon  tank,  perfect  agitation,  absolutely  best  spray 

Sump  made.  Spray  pipes  fold  up— yon  can 
rive  close  to  trees  and  in  narrow  places. 
Over  23  years  a  sprayer  builder.  I  know  re¬ 
quirements,  and  I  know  the  Perfection  is 
1  right.  Over  lOOO  In  use, 

all  giving  satisfaction. 
Write  for  Free  Catalog. 
Don’t  buy  any  sprayer 
till  it  cornea. 


THOMAS 
PEPPLER 
Box  45 ,  Hightstown.HJ. 


Ornamental  Fence 

Send  for  book  of 
m  anuf  a  cturer’s 
prices  and  hun¬ 
dreds  of  styles.  In¬ 
cluding  farm  and 
poultry  fence. 
Gates  to  match. 

The  Ward  Fence  Co.,  Box  945,  Decatur,  Ind. 


JARVIS  SPRAYING  COMPOUND 

IS  THE  CHEAPEST  AND  BEST.  IT  HAS  NO  SUPERIOR. 

SURE  CURE  FOR  SAN  JOSE  SCALE. 

Buy  direct  from  the  manufacturer  and  save  money 
Spraying  Compound  ready  to  mix  with  water.  One 
gallon  of  Spraying  compound  will  make  from  sixteen  to 
twenty  gallons  of  spray. 

Terms:— In  bbl.  lots  (50  gal.)  30c.  per  gal. 

We  would  refer  you  to  .1.  H.  Hale,  the  Peach  King,  or 
Prof.  Jarvis  of  the  Connecticut  Agricultural  College. 
They  will  tell  you  there  is  nothing  better. 

THE  J-  T.  ROBERTSON  CO.,  BOX  R,  MANCHESTER,  CONN. 


Book 

33-A 


Book 

33-M 


When  in  the  Market,  See  What 
the  Market  Affords 


Any  or  all  of  these  booklets  sent  FREE 
Please  ask  for  the  books  by  number 

MORE  AND  BETTER  CORN,"  is  a  40  page  booklet, 
full  of  profit-bringing  information.  Every  paragraph 
is  practical. 


We  publish  this  book  and  send  it  FREE  because  we 
are  interested  in  improved  methods  of  corn  growing. 
Every  vital  thing  about  corn  and  corn  planting  is 
in  this  book. 

We  manufacture  the  largest  and  most  complete 
line  of  corn-planting  machinery,  all  of  the  high¬ 
est  quality. 

Tell  us  your  requirements  and  we  will  furnish 
full  and  complete  information. 

ALFALFA 

Its  Seeding.  Culture  and  Curing,  by  one  of  the  high¬ 
est  authorities  in  Kansas,  the  greatest  Alfalfa  State, 
is  full  of  practical  information  about  this  new  and 
important  crop.  Get  posted  on  this  interesting 
subject. 

DISC  HARROWS 

The  Disc  Harrow  is  the  most  necessary  tool  on  the 
farm  today.  The  advantages  of  thorough  discing 
are  just  beginning  to  be  understood. 

The  DEERE  MODEL  B.  Disc  Harrows  control  the 
gangs  and  force  them  into  the  ground  by  a  spring 
pressure,  thereby  securing  the  most  even  and 
thorough  penetration  and  cultivation. 

Whether  you  buy  a  disc  liarrow  or  not  this 
year.it  will  pay  you  to  read  up  all  the  new 
features  of  the  DEERE  line  of  Harrows  and 
the  MODEL  B.  in  particular. 

REMEMBER,  it  is  the  only  spring-pres¬ 
sure  harrow  made  and  spring-pressure 
control  insures  more  perfect  work. 

BETTER  HAY 

If  you  have  ten  or  more  acres  of  hay,  you 
will  be  interested  in  the  New  Deere  Hay 
Loader. 

The  Loader  that  lasts  a  lifetime:  that  has  absolutely 
the  lightest  draft  of  its  width:  that  delivers  the  hay  at 
the  highest  point;  rakes  absolutely  clean  without  gather¬ 
ing  trash;  will  handle  the  hay  in  swaths,  windrows  of 
any  size  or  bunches. 

The  New  Deere  couples  automatically  and  unhitches 
from  the  load  and  has  many  other  exclusive -and 

valuable  features.  ALL  IN  THE  BOOK. 


For  every  use  the  DEERE  UNIVERSAL  DISC 
HARROW  is  a  most  satisfactory  tool,  Made 
in  3.  4.  5  or  6-foot  sizes.  The  gangs  are  reversible 
and  adjustable  for  in-throw  or  out-throw,  wide  or 
narrow  cut.  The  frame  is  very  high  so  that  the 
machine  makes  a  first-class  cultivator  for  small 
crops. 

A  machine  of  this  kind  comes  in  mighty  handy 
on  any  farm. 

FARMERS’  POCKET  LEDGER 


The  Farmers’  Pocket  Ledger  is  a  new.  dur¬ 
able  and  handsome  memorandum  book 
which  contains  lots  of  practical  information  and 
has  plenty  of  room  for  recording  important  trans¬ 
actions.  The  most  popular  little  book  of  its  kind. 

Please  ask  for  books  by  number. 

Address 

DEERE  &  MANSUR  CO. 

Moline,  Illinois 


1911. 


1  .’J  o 


Ruralisms 

VALUE  OF  FIRST  GENERATION  CORN 
HYBRIDS. 

Bulletin  No.  191,  Bureau  of  Plant 
Industry,  U.  S.  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture,  calls  attention  to  the  great 
value  of  first-generation  hybrids  in  field 
corn  as  a  means  of  securing  better  yields 
than  is  common  when  dependence  is 
made  on  seed  selection  from  single  va¬ 
rieties,  no  matter  how  highly  pedigreed. 
The  tendency  of  modern  methods  of 
corn  breeding  is  largely  toward  close 
selection  to  secure  uniformity  of  type, 
with  the  result  that  in-breeding  is  en¬ 
couraged  to  the  extent  of  promoting 
self-sterility  in  well-fixed  strains.  Uni¬ 
form  experience  shows  that  first  gen¬ 
eration  hybrids  or  crosses  of  corn  vari¬ 
eties  are  more  vigorous  and  productive 
than  either  of  the  parent  strains,  the 
excess  of  productiveness  often  rising 
as  high  as  95  per  cent  over  the  best 
parent,  but  when  attempts  are  madt  to 
“fix”  the  hybrid  by  subsequent  selection 
there  is  generally  great  falling  off  in 
this  respect  as  well  as  marked  reversion 
to  one  or  the  other  of  the  parent  type. 
To  secure  the  advantages  of  the  marked 
vigor  of  first-generation  hybrids,  which 
is  believed  to  be  of  great  commercial 
importance,  it  is  recommended  that  'the 
crossing  found  locally  most  effectual  be 
repeated  every  year  in.  the  seed  plot, 
and  that  the  product  be  used  directly 
for  planting  the  field  crop  without  the 
delay  of  repeated  selection  fo  establish 
a  “pedigree”  strain.  Maize  or  Indian 
corn,  of  all  agricultural  plants,  lends  it¬ 
self  most  readily  to  breeding  of  this 
kind.  It  is  only  necessary  to  plant  al¬ 
ternate  rows  of  the  chosen  varieties  in 
a  seed  plot,  far  removed  from  other 
corn  plantings,  and  detassel  every  plant 
of  one  variety  before  its  pollen  is  pro¬ 
duced.  All  the  ears  on  the  detasseled 
variety  will  have  hybrid  kernels  that 
may  be  used  next  year  for  main  crop 
seed,  while  the  ears  borne  by  the  tasseled 
variety  will  have  pure  or  line-bred  seeds 
that  may  be  used  for  the  seed  plot  of 
succeeding  years.  By  detasseling  a  dif¬ 
ferent  variety  in  alternate  years  the 
parental  strains  may  be  kept  pure  and 
a  constant  output  maintained  of  first 
generation  hybrids  for  the  yearly  crop 
seed.  This  presupposes  that  the  seed 
plot  is  sufficiently  isolated  greatly  to 
reduce,  the  chances  of  foreign  pollen  be¬ 
ing  carried  in  by  wind  from  other,  corn¬ 
fields.  The  seed  plot  experiment  may  be 
extended  by  planting  a  number  of  va¬ 
rieties  in  alternate  rows  with  the  kind 
selected  for  the  male  or  tassel  parent, 
and  detasseling  as  before.  The  seeds 
borne  will  in  every  case  be  first  genera¬ 
tion  hybrids  between  the  tassel  and  silk¬ 
bearing  varieties  and  may  be  used  to 
ascertain  the  best  local  combinations 
for  field  cropping.  The  main  thing  is 
to  keep  up  a  constant  flow  of  primary 
or  first  generation  hybrid  seeds  for  field 
use  to  secure  the  excess  vigor  usual  in 
such  hybrids  and  to  avoid  the  progres¬ 
sive  decline  in  productiveness  experi¬ 
ence  has  shown  to  be  almost  universal 
when  plants  naturally  adapted  to  cross¬ 
pollination  are  closely  inbred.  Most 
high-bred  strains  of  corn,  particularly 
those  developed  by  modern  ear-to-row 
and  score-card  methods  of  selection, 
however  excellent  in  themselves,  soon 
develop  weaknesses  when-  distributed, 
and  at  most  appear  adapted  to  exceed¬ 
ingly  narrow  local  conditions.  By  using 
first  generation  crosses  of  such  strains 
it  is  possible,  in  the  opinion  of  Prof.  G. 
M.  Collins,  writer  of  this  bulletin,  to 
infuse  such  vigor  in  the  progeny  that 
the  full  value  of  the  selection  may  be 
brought  out  almost  without  regard  to 
slight  variations  in  local  conditions. 

While  the  breeding  of  suitable  first- 
generation  hybrid  corn  seed,  may,  it  is 
thought,  be  profitably  carried  on  wher¬ 
ever  corn  is  a  preferred  crop,  the  theory, 
if  correct,  offers  to  enterprising  farmers 
and  seedsmen  a  chance  not  only  to  im¬ 
prove  their  own  local  plantings,  but  to 
develop  first-generation  hybrid  strains, 
to  be  maintained  in  annual  integrity,  of 
Prime  commercial  importance.  In  select¬ 
ing  parents  for  this  work  it  will  be 
well  to  keep  closely  to  a  single  type  of 
kernel  in  order  to  secure  reasonable  uni¬ 
formity  in  the  field  or  second-generation 
crop.  Thus  varieties  having  white,  yel¬ 
low  and  other  colored  seed  coats  should 
not  be  bred  together,  nor  should  flint 
and  dent  sorts  be  mated  unless  yield 
alone  is  the  feature  sought  for,  regard¬ 
less  of  the  appearance  of  the  product. 
Bulletin  No.  191  indicates  a  fascinating 
held  for  home  research,  and  if  its  con¬ 
clusions  hold  good  will  go  far  to  offset 
the  debilitating  effects  of  close  line 
breeding  in  field  corns. 


THE  RURAL 

Best  Sweet  Cherries — Pears. 

H.  L.,  Dutchess  Co.,  K.  i\— Will  one  of 
your  authorities  in  small  fruits  inform  me 
what  he  would  consider  to  be  the  three 
best  sweet  cherries  for  family  use  (one 
variety  black);  the  best  two  sour  ones; 
the  best  two  grapes ;  the  best  two  plums ; 
the  best  red  raspberry  and  the  best  black¬ 
berry?  Early  bearing  varieties  are  not  de¬ 
sired,  as  1  have  observed  that  earliness 
is  almost  invariably  at  the  expense  of 
quality  or  something  else  that  is  desirable. 
Is  the  Comice  a  better  commercial  pear 
than  the  Clapp  or  Bartlett? 

Ans. — Of  the  sweet  cherries  the  three 
that  I  would  choose  are  Napoleon, 
Schmidt  and  Bing.  The  last  two  are 
black.  Of  the  sour  varieties  Richmond 
and  Montmorency  are  excellent.  Of 
grapes  none  is  better  than  Concord  and 
Niagara  for  general  use  at  home  or 
anywhere  else.  Among  the  plums  Lom¬ 
bard  and  Grand  Duke  are  excellent,  and 
ripen  successively.  One  of  the  best  of 
the  red  raspberries  is  London.  Mer- 
sereau  is  a  rather  new  blackberry,  but 
has  proved  to  be  equal  to  any  of  the 
older  ones  and  has  none  of  the  objec¬ 
tions  that  most  of  them  have.  Comice 
is  a  pear  that  has  brought  the  very 
highest  price  in  market,  but  it  can 
hardly  be  said  to  be  better  for  general 
market  purposes  than  Bartlett,  although 
it  is  better  than  Clapp  in  every  way. 
Comice  ripens  about  a  month  later  than 
Bartlett.  h.  e.  van  deman. 


The  Farmer’s 
Tractor 

Completely  self  contained,  with  all  w'""' 
parts  protected  from  dirt. 

Perfectly  balanced.  Runs  without  v  '-na¬ 
tion.  Under  accurate  control  of  govemc-  s.i, 
all  times,  from  no  load  to  full  load. 

A  single  lever  shifts  all  gears. 

Every  part  is  built  with  the  view  of  making 
an  unbreakable  machine. 

An  all  around  farm  power  to  take  the  place 
of  teams  to  a  great  extent.  In  addition  to  the 
hauling  feature,  its  uses  on  the  belt  are 
almost  unlimited. 

Illustrations  and  specifications  on  request. 

— T  HE  HUBER— 

HANUFACTURINQ  CO. 

646  CENTER  STREET 

MARION,  OHIO 


48  Million  Shortage 

Government  statistics  show  there  were  48,000,000  bush¬ 
els  less  of  potatoes  grown  in  the  United  States  last 
year  than  in  1900.  This  with  Increasing  population 
must  necessarily  make  a  larger  demand  for  potatoes 
in  1911.  No  crop  as  a 

Money  Maker 

equals  it.  and  the  information  showing  how  to  grow 
for  profit  will  be  mailed  absolutely  free  to  anyone 
asking  for  it.  Our  president  has  devoted  over  fifty 
years  to  the  study  of  potato  culture  and  the  manufac¬ 
ture  of  machinery  for  handling  the  crop  in  all  stages. 

ASPINWALL  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

437  Sabin  Street,  Jackson,  Michigan,  U.  S.  A. 
World’s  Oldest  and  Largest  31  alters  of  Potato  Machinery. 


THE  HAMILTON  RESERVOIR 
ORCHARD 
HEATER 


Positively 
the  most 
effective 
heater  be¬ 
cause  of  its 
REGULATED 
PIKE-  Many 
other  points  of  superiority. 

Write  for  our  RED  BOOK  on  orchard 
heating  free.  Tells  yon  how  best  to  smudge 
HAMILTON  ORCHARD  HEATER  CO..  Grand  Junction,  Colo. 


ENCOURAGE  TH1 


iOYS 


r  Boys  wont  encouragement —  , 

if  they  don’t  get  it  at  home  they 
Pgo  elsewhere.  Teach  them  to  earn  their^ 
r own  spending  money .  Growing  vegetables^ 

Is  Instructive,  Interesting,  proiitabio  when 

f IRON  AGE 

are  used.  Our  No.  6  Combined  Hill  and  Drill 
Seeder  with  Marker  and  Double  and  Single 
Wheel  Hoe  is  a  wonderful  tool— can  be  used 
in  various  unusual  combinations.  Saves  time, 
labor  and  eecd.  Price,  $12  Other 
garden  tools.  $2.50  up.  Easy  to. 
operate.  Recommended  by  I 
gardeners  every  where.  Write  ’ 
to  day  for  75th  Anniver¬ 
sary  Catalog— Free. 

BATEMAN  •'R’G  CO. 

Box  HU 
Grenlocb,  N.  J. 


NEW-VORKER 

Wiikx  you  write  advertisers  mention  Tub 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


EIGHT  San  Jose  Scale 

B  with  Sherwin-Williams 
Lime-Sulfur  Solution — 

and  win  ! 

Read  what  Wm.  J.  Moore,  a 
Pennsylvania  fruit  grower, 
says  about  his  orchard  : 

Sherwin-Williams  Co. 

Gentlemen  : 

I  have  an  apple  orchard  of  200 
trees  and  25  or  30  plum  trees.  They 
were  all  very  badly  infested  with  San 
Jose  Scale.  Last  March  I  sprayed 
my  trees  with  your  Lime-Sulfur  So¬ 
lution  and  now  in  September  you 
can  still  see  the  stuff  on  the  bark  of 
the  trees,  but  there  is  no  scale  at  all. 
The  preparation  is  all  that  you  can 
possibly  claim  for  it.  Some  of  my 
neighbors  have  been  spraying  with 
other  material  for  four  or  five  years 
and  their  trees  are  still  dying. 

We  did  not  know  where  to  get  a  good 
insecticide  and  wrote  to  the 


•  They  recommended  The  Sherwin- 
Williams  Co.  as  thoroughly  reliable  and  I 
have  found  that  they  were  right. 

Respectfully  yours, 

Wm.  J.  Moore 

Sept.  10,  TO.  Analomink,  Pa. 

The  Sherwin-Williams  Co. 

635  Canal  Road 
Cleveland, 

Ohio  102a 


Sent  free,  ''Spraying,  a 
Profitable  Investment." 


“ONE  FOR  AIL,"  No.  11 

v  ocath  to  masers  4  ruNti 

Barren.  425  lh«  nr-  p,,  |kl 

y,  Rht.  ?6C.  IK.  ,  _  .t  1  j  a.  1 

!  ■**  jb’  -rrr'L -  ,,  "  06  - 

;  35  lbs - -  I  0$ 

T  O.  ■.  NEW  YORK 

'Wool  Grease,  Arsenate  of  Lead,  Lime-Sulphur 
V Combined.  A  Contact  sod  Poison  Spray. 

\Afi  Insecticide  A  Fungicide. 

Only'  Thing  Needed  for  ’  all  Pests  or  *  Fungus. 
WRITE  FOR  BOOKLET., 

MANHATTAN "OIL  COMPANY 

Rst«bljih«d  1853. 

SllFront  Street!  New  Mbrlk 

Compressed  Air  Sprayers 

TIME,  LABOR,  MONEY  SAVERS 
W.  H.  Owen  Sprayer  Co.,  Sandusky,  Ohio 


“KANT-KLOG 

SPRAYERS#; 

Something  New 

Gets  twice  the  results 
with  same  laborand  fluid. 

Flat  or  round,  fine  or  coarse  sprays 
from  same  nozzle.  Ten  styles.  For  - 
trees,  potatoes,  gardens,  whitewashing, 
etc.  Agents  Wanted.  Booklet  Free. 

Rochester  Spray  Pump  Co.  R^5B“  u-r^.T. 


Spraying 

Guid'  Free 


The  Best  Spray  Pump 

Sprays  the  tallest  fruit  trees  from  the  ground. 
Special  nozzle  for  grape  vines,  shrubs,  etc. 
Sprays  quickest  and  best.  Does  the  work  in 
half  the  time  and  does  it  thoroughly.  Always 
ready.  Used  with  bucket,  barrel  or  tank. 
Uasts  a  lifetime.  No  leathers  to  dry  up,  wear 
out,  or  make  trouble. 

Standard  Spray  Pump 

Warranted  for  5  Years.  Price  $4.00. 

It  will  not  cost  you  a  cent  to  try  it.  Our 
special  offer  gives  complete  details.  Write 
for  it  today  and  we  will  also  send  our  illus¬ 
trated  circular  showing  how  this  pump  pays 
for  itself  many  times  over  the  first  season. 

The  Standard  Stamping  Co. 

94  Main  Street  Marysville,  O. 


WELL 


DRILLING 

MACHINES 


Over  70  sizes  and  styles,  for  drilling  either  deep  or 
veils  in  any  kind  of  soil  or  rock.  Mounted  on 


Bhaltaw  wells  in  any  kind  of  soil  or  rock.  Mounted  on 
i  sills.  With  engines  or  hyrse  powers.  Strong 


wheels  or  oil  „  nacn[jmcDuniun)cpuwere.  carong, 
simple  and  durable.  Any  mechanic  can  operate  them 
easily.  Send  for  catalog. 

WILLIAMS  BROS..  Ithaca.  N.  Y. 


Paten  ted 
Oct.  6,  1908 


FRUIT  GROWERS  FAVORITE  SAW 

IS  THE  MOST  PRACTICAL  TREE  PRUNER  EVER  INVENTED 

Because  it  saves  time  and  labor  and  is  so  easy  to 
handle.  It  is  made  with  a  lfi-inch  draw  cut  blade 
and  has  a  7  or  8  foot  handle. 

Write  today  for  Descriptive  Circular  and  Prices. 

FRUIT  GROWERS  SAW  COMPANY.  Scottsville.  New  York. 


DON’T  BE  ROBBED 

Don’t  let  San  Jose  Scale  rob  you  of  your  fruit  crop 
this  season.  Spray  with 

Good’s  Potash  Whale  Oil  Soap  No.  3 

Kills  all  tree  pests  and  fertilizes  the  soil.  Contains  noth¬ 
ing  injurious  to  trees  or  plants.  Keeps  them  clean  and 
healthy.  Used  and  indorsed  by  State  Experiment  Stations 
and  U.  g.  Department  of  Agriculture 
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136 


February  4, 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER. 

A  Nstional  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Home*. 
Established  1850. 

JlMliM  weekly  by  tbe  Rural  PnblUhlaf'  Company,  409  Pearl  Street,  New  York, 

Herbert  W.  Collingwood,  President  and  Editor, 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wii.  P.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Hoyle,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR. 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  (2.04,  equal  to 
8s.  fid.,  or  8*2  marks,  or  10*2  francs.  Remit  in  money  order, 
express  order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  timt 
orders.  References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to 
ns;  and  cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

"A  SQUARE  DEAL.” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  hacked  by  a 
responsible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any 
loss  to  paid  subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler 
advertisingin  our  columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  ex¬ 
posed.  We  protect  subcribers  against  rogues,  but  wedo  not  guarantee 
to  adjust  trifling  differences  between  subscribers  and  honest,  respon¬ 
sible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be  responsible  for  the  debts  of 
honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts.  Notice  of  the  complaint 
must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of  the  transaction, 
and  you  must  have  mentioned  Thb  Rural  New-Yorker  when 
writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

I  do  not  feel  very  confident  that  any  legislation  will 
be  reported  this  session.  The  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads 
Committee  does  not  seem  friendly  to  this  legislation,  but 
I  shall  stand  for  it  because  it  is  sure  to  come,  and  ij  our 
rural  people  were  actively  supporting  their  interests  in 
the  matter  it  would  he  on  the  statute  hooks  within  the 
next  30  days. 

That  statement  is  made  by  Congressman  Ralph  W. 
Moss  of  Indiana.  The  last  part  of  it  is,  we  believe, 
correct  The  express  companies  are,  through  their 
various  agents,  showering  Congress  with  circulars 
and  petitions.  Thus  weak-kneed  Congressmen  tell 
their  people  that  the  sentiment  is  against  parcels 
post.  Whenever  the  people  will  really  fight  for  this 
reform  they  will  get  it.  We  still  think  that  Congress 
would  have  passed  the  bill  last  Spring  if  the  papers 
had  backed  us  up  in.  the  campaign  for  letters. 

* 

Some  of  these  “careful  consideration”  Congress¬ 
men  want  to  know  what  they  are  expected  to  say 
anyway  if  farmers  are  not  satisfied  with  “c.  c.”  The 
Farmers’  Institute  in  Rhode  Island  voted  unani¬ 
mously  to  ask  Congressman  O’Shaughnessy  to  “use 
his  utmost  efforts”  for  parcels  post  They  appointed 
a  committee  to  tell  the  Congressman  that  the  farm¬ 
ers  wanted  parcels  post  and  would  not  be  satisfied 
with  the  “joker”  suggested  by  President  Taft.  Mr. 
O’Shaughnessy  has  kept  his  system  free  from  “care¬ 
ful  consideration.”  He  comes  right  out  and  says: 

I  believe  that  the  high  cost  of  living  problem  would 
be  helped  considerably  to  a  popular  solution  by  tbe  in¬ 
stitution  of  a  proper  parcels  post.  The  resultant  benefit 
to  the  farmer  for  whom  yon  speak  would  be  pronounced, 
and  the  consumer  would  be  helped  to  a  ready  access  to 
tbe  products  of  the  soiL  That  the  inauguration  of  this 
beneficent  system  would  bring  about  an  increased  expense 
in  the  Post  Office  Department  should  not  be  seriously 
considered;  that  department  is  supposed  to  serve  the 
people  and  not  to  make  money. 

* 

The  thing  puzzled  me  for  a  long  time,  as  I  never 
knew  of  a  similar  instance,  but  when  I  read  “The  Busi¬ 
ness  Hen”  I  found  out  what  was  the  trouble — that  it  was 
due  to  the  fright  they  had  received.  '  u.  n.  G. 

This  man  tells  how  he  had  his  Leghorn  hens  so 
tame  that  he  could  pick  them  up  and  pet  them.  He 
went  in  unexpectedly  with  a  basket  of  leaves  and 
frightened  the  birds  so  that  they  stopped  laying  at 
once.  This  idea  is  well  brought  out  by  Prof.  Rice 
in  “The  Business  Hen.”  He  shows  how  fear  injures 
the  hen  as  a  layer  and  also  as  a  breeder.  It  is  evi¬ 
dent  that  contentment  is  a  part  of  the  “business.” 
There  is  another  element  of  fear  in  the  hen  man. 
He  whets  up  his  courage  on  the  stories  told  in  some 
of  these  great  “systems,”  but  the  results  are  like  strik¬ 
ing  an  ax  against  a  stone.  One  thing  may  be  said  for 
“The  Business  Hen” — it  records  no  big  stories  and 
feeds  out  no  mental  whisky.  You  will  notice  that 
Mr.  Dougan  of  New  Jersey  tells  of  a  “system”  which 
helped  him  select  the  best  layers.  This  is  described 
in  “The  Business  Hen.” 

* 

The  experts  who  studied  out  the  facts  about  lime- 
sulphur  and  its  use  as  a  fungicide  have  done  great 
things  for  fruit  growing.  Without  question  they  have 
given  us  a  substitute  for  Bordeaux  Mixture  with 
most  of  its  virtues,  and  some  of  its  faults  left  out. 
They  must  not,  however,  think  that  their  life  work 
is  done  and  that  plant  disease,  or  even  “brown  rot” 
has  been  conquered.  Great  results  have  been  ob¬ 
tained  in  Georgia  and  parts  of  the  West,  but  we 
have  yet  to  see  a  genuine  outbreak  of  fruit  rot  in 
strawberries,  cherries,  plums,  or  peaches,  controlled  in 
tbe  North  Atlantic  watershed.  There  the  conditions 


THR  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

for  the  spread  of  such  diseases,  in  a  favorable  season, 
are  such  that  any  fungicide  will  have  a  severe  test. 
When  Bordeaux  Mixture  was  introduced  our  fruit 
growers  expected  too  much  from  it.  Some  were  dis¬ 
appointed.  Let  us  not  expect  too  much  of  lime- 
sulphur.  It  is  a  distinct  advance  in  fungicide,  and 
will  prove  a  great  blessing,  but  it  is  not  “the  end” 
by  any  means. 

* 

On  page  1206  we  told  how  the  farmers  at  Voltaire, 
North  Dakota,  had  worked  out  some  remarkable 
schemes  for  co-operation.  They  bought  their  town 
site,  organized  a  telephone  and  an  insurance  company 
and  an  elevator,  and  put  up  a  building  of  their  own. 
This  last  they  thought  necessary  because  they  had  no 
place  to  meet  and  discuss  their  business — and  this  is 
the  way  it  works. 

When  they  held  a  farmers’  institute  recently  they  met 
In  their  own  hall,  brought  their  families  and  a  picnic 
dinner.  The  basement  contains  a  dining  room,  kitchen, 
two  cloak  rooms  and  coal  room.  Here  the  children  played 
and  had  a  good  time  while  their  elders  were  entertained 
and  instructed  up  stairs.  When  noon  came  all  repaired 
to  the  dining  room.  Meanwhile  the  orchestra  furnished 
music.  They  all  staid  at  the  hall,  no  hanging  around 
grocery  stores,  pool  rooms  and  livery  barns. 

In  addition  to  all  this  these  farmers  have  organized 
a  mutual  bank.  It  would  have  been  started  last 
year,  but  crops  were  poor  and  so  they  waited  for  a 
better  season.  Now  these  men  are  working  free  and 
they  are  doing  it  themselves.  They  get  the  consum¬ 
er’s  dollar  and  they  deserve  it.  Their  work  could  he 
duplicated  in  1,000  other  places.  It  is  the  way  out. 

* 

The  meeting  of  the  New  York  State  Agricultural 
Society  at  Albany  developed  into  a  “Consumer’s  Dol¬ 
lar”  convention.  The  dominating  idea  of  the  meeting 
was,  how  can  farmers  obtain  a  fairer  share  of  what 
their  produce  finally  brings?  It  is  a  good  thing  that 
this  question  of  the  35-cent  dollar  cannot  be  kept 
down.  The  trouble  is  it  has  been  kept  down  too 
long,  while  questions  of  economical  production  have 
been  given  prominence.  As  we  have  often  pointed 
cut,  any  man  who  wants  to  learn  how  to  produce  a 
large  crop  can  he  flooded  with  information.  In  many 
cases  he  cannot  use  this  information,  because  he  can¬ 
not  obtain  the  capital  needed  to  work  it  out,  hut  the 
energies  of  the  college  and  stations  and  other  lines  of 
agricultural  education  have  been  devoted  almost  en¬ 
tirely  to  telling  farmers  how  to  produce  more.  It  is 
but  natural  that  farmers  should  now  wake  up  and 
realize  that  along  with  increased  production  we  need 
better  distribution.  Why  go  on  adding  35-cent  dol¬ 
lars  to  the  farmer’s  share  and  still  giving  the  middle¬ 
man  65  cents?  Look  at  it  from  any  point  you  will, 
and  this  35-cent  dollar  is  the  greatest  question  now 
before  the  people.  The  great  volume  of  the  money 
now  in  the  country  was  made  out  of  land.  Our  gov¬ 
ernment  gave  away  millions  of  acres.  Some  of  the 
increase  in  the  value  of  this  land  has  been  legiti¬ 
mate.  In  other  cases  this  increase  has  been  public 
robbery,  where  corporations  and  land  grabbers  stole 
the  public  lands  and  captured  the  timber,  oil  and 
minerals.  All  these  vast  sums  of  money  gather  in 
the  big  cities.  Year  after  year  65  cents  of  the  con¬ 
sumer’s  dollar  is  sent  to  join  the  rest,  and  this  going 
on  for  40  years  or  more  has  drained  the  substance 
and  the  character  from  our  farmers.  Thus  this  con¬ 
sumer’s  dollar  question  gets  down  to  the  very  foun¬ 
dation  of  society.  This  country  cannot  endure  on  a 
division  which  gives  one-third  to  the  producer  and 
two-thirds  to  the  handlers.  This  question  will  be  set¬ 
tled  just  as  soon  as  the  American  people  realize  the 
size  of  it  The  way  to  make  them  realize  is  to 

keep  talking  about  it  everywhere. 

* 

A  spraying  proposition  that  is  new  to  us  is  reported 
from  the  State  of  Washington.  A  written  contract  is 
made  by  a  horticulturist  guaranteeing  to  keep  an 
apple  orchard  clean  from  the  Codling  moth.  This 
contract  states  that  the  orchard  shall  not  contain  at 
harvest  over  10  to  15  per  cent,  of  wormy  apples. 
With  this  contract  the  horticulturist  then  takes  charge 
of  the  work,  sprays  as  he  thinks  best  and  watches 
the  orchard  thoroughly  through  the  season.  Three 
or  even  more  applications  are  made  in  fighting  the 
Codling  worm.  Not  only  are  examination  of  the 
trees  made  to  find  the  worm,  but  the  moth  is  trapped 
in  cages  and  studied  so  as  to  get  an  idea  of  what 
insects  outside  the  cages  are  doing.  As  a  result  of 
this,  orchards  are  reported  95  per  cent,  or  more  clean 
of  wormy  apples.  This  will  be  new  as  a  proposition 
to  most  of  our  eastern  fruit  growers,  but  it  is  ap¬ 
parently  one  of  the  developments  of  Western  fruit 
growing.  We  have  no  doubt  something  of  the  sort 
will  sooner  or  later  be  attempted  here.  There  can 
he  no  doubt  that  the  immense  increase  in  fruit  cul¬ 
ture  will  develop  new  lines  of  industry  well  suited 
to  many  of  our  young  men,  and  this  is  probably  one 
of  them.  *•’ 


Reciprocity  or  free  trade  with  this  country  is  one 
of  the  things  demanded  by  farmers  of  Western  Can¬ 
ada.  These  men  know  what  they  want,  but  it  will 
be  no  easy  thing  to  reconcile  the  local  desires  of  the 
Canadian  people.  For  example,  the  coal  operators  of 
Nova  Scotia  do  not  want  free  trade  in  coal,  while 
in  the  West  American  coal  is  greatly  needed.  West¬ 
ern  Canada  wants  the  fruit  grown  in  Montana  and 
other  Western  States,  and  would  favor  free  trade. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  Ontario  fruit  growers  want 
even  higher  tariffs  on  fruit.  They  would  like  to  make 
fruit  from  this  country  pay  such  a  tariff  that  the 
Western  farmers  would  be  compelled  to  buy  from 
Ontario.  Certain  parts  of  Western  Canada  demand 
free  lumber,  while  other  sections  which  are  well 
wooded  want  a  tariff  to  protect  their  sawmill  in¬ 
terests.  These  are  only  a  few  of  the  tariff  troubles 
which  the  Canadian  government  must  face  in  arrang¬ 
ing  reciprocity  with  this  country.  In  this  country 
along  the  Canadian  border  and  in  New  England  are 
farmers  who  feel  that  the  tariffs  on  hay  and  potatoes 
give  them  some  measure  of  protection  in  their  local 
market.  They  will  make  fierce  objection  to  any 
change  which  would  let  these  products  in  free.  For 
example,  it  is  claimed  that  the  reduction  of  the  tariff 
ion  Canadian  cream  has  led  to  such  heavy  imports 
that  American  creameries  are  going  out  of  business. 
The  facts  are  that  in  the  11  months  ending  last  No¬ 
vember  there  were  imported  from  Canada  1,741,958 
gallons  of  cream — valued  at  $1,401,219.  During  the 
same  period  were  imports  of  $6,743,868  worth  of 
cheese  and  $261,456  worth  of  butter.  Most  of  this 

cheese  came  from  Italy  and  Switzerland. 

* 

The  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  has  issued 
its  first  report  on  the  statistics  of  express  companies. 
These  companies  claimed  real  estate  valued  at  $14,- 
932,169.24,  while  their  equipment  cost  $7,381,405.59. 
They  did  a  total  business  through  the  year  of  $132,- 
599,190.92.  They  paid  for  “express  privileges,”  which 
means  to  railroads  and  other  carriers  $64,032,126.69. 
The  American  Express  Co.  alone  took  in  $31,896,497.22 
as  gross  receipts.  This  company  had  accumulated 
$45,864,677.65  as  assets,  most  of  it  in  cash,  stocks  and 
bonds.  The  Adams  Express  Company  showed  in 
1909  assets  amounting  to  $57,648,039.97.  This  com¬ 
pany  was  then  represented  by  120,000  shares.  In  1898 
and  in  1907  the  Adams  issued  $36,000,000  in  bonds 
to  its  shareholders  as  a  means  of  getting  rid  of  that 
vast  amount  of  surplus  earnings.  All  this  was  in 
addition  to  regular  dividends.  It  was  put  out  in  this 
way  so  that  the  actual  rate  of  dividends  would  not 
seem  too  large.  It  is  shown  by  this  report  that  the 
express  companies  are  all  mixed  up  with  each  other 
and  also  with  the  railroads.  In  1909  railroad  com¬ 
panies  held  stock  in  the  express  companies  to  the 
amount  of  $14,124,000.00,  while  the  express  com¬ 
panies  had  $20,471,942.36  worth  of  railroad  stock. 
The  Adams  alone  held  $3,990,000  of  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  stock.  It  also  held  stock  in  other  express 
companies  to  the  value  of  $2,846,125,  while  the  total 
thus  held  by  all  express  companies  was  $4,662,656.33. 
The  directors  of  the  express  companies  are  “inter¬ 
changeable” — that  is,  some  of  them  are  on  several 
different  companies,  and  also  directors  of  railroads. 
We  shall  give  the  figures  and  the  facts  about  this 
until  the  people  understand  them.  They  must  go 
with  parcels  post  and  Alfalfa  as  fundamental  things 
for  farmers  and  country  people  to  remember.  For 
years  this  nation  lias  been  robbed  and  bled  by  a  com¬ 
bination  of  carriers  that  is  now  fighting  parcels  post 
because  they  see  in  it  the  end  of  their  grip  upon 
public  transportation.  Think  of  the  Adams  Express 
Co.  distributing  $36,000,000  of  the  people’s  money  in 
bonds — not  daring  to  show  dividends  large  enough  to 
cover  the  amount. 


BREVITIES. 

Plow  in  the  Canada  field  peas,  then  harrow  the  oats. 

There  will  be  a  banquet  at  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  Feb. 
24,  at  the  eastern  meeting  of  the  State  Fruit  Growers. 
Come  and  feed  on  food  and  “reason.” 

The  potato  flea-beetle  is  increasing,  and  in  some  places 
threatens  to  become  as  serious  a  pest  as  the  Colorado 
beetle.  How  can  we  fight  this  insect? 

“I  recently  sent  a  package  weighing  12  pounds  to  Ala¬ 
bama,  value  $1.70;  paid  to  the  express  Co.  (Adams)  $1.75, 
from  Hartford,”  says  C.  G.  R.,  of  Connecticut.  That  is 
a  good  way  to  manufacture  rabid  parcels  posters.  We  need 
them. 

The  New  York  State  Fruit  Growers’  Association  will 
fight  substitution  in  nursery  trees.  It  is  evident  to  us 
that  the  average  individual  fruit  grower  has  small  chance 
to  obtain  redress.  If  it  will  be  fair  this  association  has 
a  fine  chance  to  help  its  members. 

Suppose  some  one  came  and  showed  you  how  you  had 
money  in  a  bank  that  you  knew  nothing  about.  You 
would  not  begrudge  the  labor  and  investment  needed  to 
obtain  this  sure  supply  of  money.  The  chances  are  that 
in  the  old  wet  meadow  on  your  farm  there  is  more  money 
than  any  bank  will  have  for  you.  Drainage  and  lime 
will  enable  you  to  bring  in  the  legumes.  Then  your  farm 
has  that  title  of  L.  L.  D. ! 


THtC  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


137 


1911. 

NEW  YORK  AGRICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 

The  discussion  at  the  New  York  State 
Agricultural  Society  on  January  17-19 
clearly  indicates  that  the  farmers  and 
agricultural  students  have  at  last  fully 
wakened  up  to  the  necessity  of  the  con¬ 
sideration  of  transportation  and  market¬ 
ing  of  agricultural  products.  More  time 
and  consideration  was  given  to  these 
subjects  than  to  all  of  the  other  propo¬ 
sitions  put  together.  As  stated  last 
week,  Governor  Dix  in  his  address  gave 
emphasis  to  the  necessity  of  a  parcels 
post  and  the  elimination  of  the  middle¬ 
man’s  profit.  On  Wednesday,  Ezra 
Tuttle,  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
marketing,  transportation  and  griev¬ 
ances,  made  a  most  excellent  report 
along  the  same  lines,  and  resolutions 
were  unanimously  adopted  favoring  his 
recommendation  of  a  law  to  compel 
houses  doing  commission  business  in 
farm  products  in  the  State  to  take  out 
a  license  and  a  surety  bond  to  insure 
the  faithful  performance  of  their  trust. 
Recommendations  also  provided  that  a 
commission  house  be  obliged  to  keep  a 
record  of  the  transaction,  including  the 
name  and  address  of  the  purchaser.  His 
recommendation  for  a  parcels  post  was 
also  readily  endorsed  and  the  resolution 
adopted  to  send  copies  of  his  recommen¬ 
dation  and  of  the  resolution  signed  by 
the  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Asso¬ 
ciation  to  all  members  of  Congress,  in 
order  that  these  legislatures  may  know 
the  position  of  the  New  York  State 
Agricultural  Society  and  its  efforts  at 
the  convention. 

Besides  this  representatives  of  the 
prominent  railroad  lines  in  the  State 
were  at  the  convention,  and  several  of 
them  made  brief  addresses  on  Wednes¬ 
day  afternoon.  This  gave  the  shippers 
present  an  opportunity  to  present  some 
of  their  grievances,  which  they  did  in  a 


courteous  and  business-like  way.  We 
believe  the  representatives  of  these  roads 
began  to  get  a  new  conception  of  the 
farmer  as  a  business  man  and  of  the 
value  of  his  trade  to  their  companies, 
and  we  predict  that  their  mixing  with 
the  representative  farmers  of  the  State 
will  result  ultimately  in  greater  satis¬ 
faction  to  the  shippers  and  in  greater 
profits  to  the  roads.  On  Wednesday 
night,  President  Brown  of  the  New 
York  Central  lines  favored  the  conven¬ 
tion  by  his  presence  and  with  an  ad¬ 
dress.  The  feature  of  his  address  that 
will  be  best  remembered  was  probably 
his  statement  that  five  stations  on  the 
New  York  Central  in  New  York  State 
shipped  more  apples  than  all  of  the 
States  of  Oregon  and  Washington  com¬ 
bined.  Mr.  Brown’s  address  was  prin¬ 
cipally,  however,  devoted  to  the  argu¬ 
ment  that  population  and  consumption 
are  increasing  in  this  country  very  much 
faster  than  production,  and  that  there 
is  no  escaping  future  starvation  except 
by  an  increased  production  per  acre.  We 
were  sorry  Mr.  Brown  was  not  in  at¬ 
tendance  at  the  session  next  morning 
when  Dr.  Jordan  of  the  Geneva  Experi¬ 
ment  Station  referred  briefly  but  forci¬ 
bly  to  this  feature  of  our  economic  situ¬ 
ation.  As  far  as  he  went  Dr.  Jordan 
expressed  our  feelings  and  showed  that 
we  have  nothing  very  much  to  fear  from 
starvation,  provided  economic  conditions 
should  develop  to  such  a  condition  that 
the  farmer  gets  a  fair  share  of  the  con¬ 
sumer’s  dollar.  Farming,  like  other  en¬ 
terprises,  is  a  business  proposition,  and 
its  products  are  subject  to  economic 
conditions.  It  is  useless  to  talk  about 
the  reclaiming  of  worn-out  farms  and 
restoring  land  to  fertility  while  land  that 
is  already  productive  and  in  good  state 
of  cultivation  can  hardly  be  operated  at 
a  profit.  Dr.  Jordan  reiterated  our  oft- 
expressed  contention  that  farm  lands  of 
lower  grade  of  fertility  will  come  into 
cultivation  just  as  fast  as  economic  con¬ 


ditions  make  it  profitable  for  the  culti¬ 
vator  to  take  them  up.  This  is  a  feature 
of  the  case  that  President  Brown  and 
many  others  have  persistently  avoided, 
but  it  is  up  now  and  beginning  to  receive 
consideration  from  both  economic  and 
agricultural  students.  The  argument  in 
a  nutshell  is,  provide  means  to  allow 
the  farmer  a  better  share  of  the  con¬ 
sumer’s  dollar  and  extra  production  will 
take  care  of  itself. 

Mr.  Geo.  K.  Homer  of  the  Bureau  of 
Statistics  of  the  United  States  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture  delivered  a  very 
valuable  address  on  Wednesday  evening, 
following  President  Brown.  His  inves¬ 
tigations  seemed  to  indicate  that  the  far¬ 
mer  was  getting  50  per  cent,  of  the  con¬ 
sumer’s  price  for  general  farm  products, 
and  about  36  per  cent,  on  vegetables. 
His  estimates  were  considerable  higher 
than  our  records  here  would  indicate, 
and  at  the  close  of  his  address  one  prom¬ 
inent  grower  reported  sales  for  lettuce 
and  asparagus  which  would  seem  to  in¬ 
dicate  that  he  was  not  receiving  in  ex¬ 
cess  of  15  to  20  per  cent,  of  the  con¬ 
sumer’s  price.  This  is  more  in  harmony 
with  our  own  records. 

Another  valuable  report  was  made  by 
Mr.  F.  W.  Sessions  of  Utica,  N.  Y.,  of 
the  committee  on  publicity.  Mr.  Ses¬ 
sions  evidently  made  an  extended  study 
of  the  subject  consigned  to  his  commit¬ 
tee,  and  made  some  very  valuable  sug¬ 
gestions,  and  if  the  appropriations  for 
carrying  out  of  the  work  be  forthcoming 
he  has  begun  a  work  which  will  be  of 
vast  importance  to  the  agricultural  in¬ 
terests  of  the  whole  State. 

The  appointment  of  a  committee  was 
also  authorized  to  present  the  sentiments 
of  the  convention  and  of  the  Society  to 
Governor  Dix  in  reference  to  the  ap¬ 
pointment  of  a  Commissioner  of  Agri¬ 
culture.  Prominent  men  in  the  conven¬ 
tion  announced  themselves  as  Democrats 
in  politics,  but  earnestly  solicitous  of 
retaining  Commissioner  Pearson  in  the 


position  that  he  has  for  two  years  de¬ 
veloped  and  embellished.  The  general 
sentiment  throughout  the  farmers  in  at¬ 
tendance  seemed  to  be  that  for  the  two 
years  past  the  affairs  of  the  Department 
have  been  as  much  out  of  politics  as  it  is 
possible  to  make  it,  and  the  unques¬ 
tioned  sentiment  was  that  it  should  re¬ 
main  so.  The  convention  named  the 
following  officers  for  the  ensuing  year : 

President,  Raymond  A.  Pearson,  Itha¬ 
ca;  secretary,  Edwin  H.  Chapman,  Al¬ 
bany;  treasurer,  William  B.  Jones,  Al¬ 
bany.  Vice-presidents,  first  district, 
John  J.  Dillon,  New  York;  third  district, 
Gilbert  M.  Tucker,  Albany;  fourth  dis¬ 
trict,  George  W.  Sisson,  Jr.,  Potsdam; 
fifth  district,  W.  R.  Smith,  Syracuse ; 
sixth  district,  O.  U.  Keller,  Cortland; 
seventh  district,  Wm.  C.  Barry,  Roches¬ 
ter;  eighth  district,  A.  E.  Brown,  Ba¬ 
tavia;  ninth  district,  R.  W.  Rives,  New 
Hamburg.  Executive  committee :  E. 
Van  Alstyne,  Kinderhook;  A.  R.  East¬ 
man,  Waterville;  A.  Denniston,  Wash- 
ingtonville;  E.  A.  Parks,  Syracuse;  F. 
W.  Sessions,  Utica;  Dr.  Edward  Moore, 
Albany;  T.  B.  Wilson,  Halls  Corners; 
W.  W.  Ware,  Batavia. 


I  ordered  a  fireback  for  my  stove  from 
Warren,  O.,  cost  70  cents.  Express  charges 
to  Hart,  Mich,  (my  nearest  office),  were 
85  cents.  Needless  to  say  I  am  in  favor 
of  parcels  post.  G.  H.  m. 

Walkerville,  Mich. 

More  Express  Robbery — Here  is  another 
instance  of  express  company.  I  have  ex¬ 
perienced  many.  I  bought  last  week  a 
small  pen  of  young  pullets  from  an  island  in 
Casco  Ray,  at  total  value  of  $10  ;  way  1)111 
called  for  75  pounds,  crate  included.  By 
boat  to  mainland  at  Portland  they  cost 
20  cents;  by  American  Express  across  city 
to  station  and  thence  to  destination,  18 
miles  by  train  they  cost  75  cents  more ; 
total,  95  cents  for  75  pounds.  Here  is 
the  point :  I  myself  cross  the  city  by  elec¬ 
trics,  same  distance,  for  five  cents ;  thence 
same  train  journey  in  comfortable,  warm 
car,  for  38  cents,  full  ticket  (not  mileage), 
or  43  cents  total  for  160  pounds,  against 
95  cents  for  75  pounds  of  fowls.  h. 

Maine. 


A  live  man  in  your  neigh¬ 
borhood  can  create  a  good 
business  for  himself  by 
selling  our  fertilizers. 

They  are  rightly  balanced 
and  blended  to  improve 
both  crops  and  soil.  They 
are  well  known  and  pop¬ 
ular,  hence  sell  readily  to 
progressive  farmers. 

We  are  among  the  largest  manufact¬ 
urers  in  the  world.  Our  factories 
never  shut  down. 

Send  for  free  Booklet  and  ask  for 
Agency  today;  address  nearest  office. 

The  American  Agricultural  Chemical  Company 


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Fifteen  Years’  Service  Without 
Painting— Or  a  New  Roof— That 
Our  Guarantee  to  You— 


is 


and  the  guarantee  is  stamped  right  on  the 
roofing  itself  with  the  year  you  buy  it. 

IT  will  last  you  much  longer  than  that,  but  for 
15  years  we  are  responsible.  Think  of  that 
— lay  your  roof  and  forget  it  for  15  years. 
No  expense — no  repairing — no  renewing. 

We  don’t  know  the  wearing  possibilities  of 
our  owu  roofing.  Our  25-year-old  roofs  are  as 
serviceable  and  look  as  good  now  as  roofing 
laid  five  years  ago.  We  make  our  guarantee 
15  years  to  be  safe,  but  we  know  it  is  good  for 
twenty-five  years. 

DICKELMAN 
EXTRA 

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Only  the  toughest,  most  pliable,  open- 
hearth  stock  Is  ever  used.  This  metal  Is 
peculiarly  porous  and  long-fibered,  so  that 
when  it  is  put  Into  the  galvanizing  pots  the 
liquid  spelter  does  not  veneer  but  penetrates 
this  fiber  and  amalgamates  with  the  metal 
base,  thus  protecting  it  forever. 

Dickelman  Extra  is  easily  laid.  It  Is  al¬ 
ready  turned  and  adjusted  for  end  locks. 
All  you  have  to  do  is  to  place  together,  and 
you  have  a  perfect  double  seam. 

Try  one  of  our  samples,  test  It  and  then 
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62  Gormley  St.,  Forest,  Ohio 


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J CUTS  I 
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Without  a  doubt  Clark’s  Double  Action  “Cutaway”  Harrow  with  Jointed  Pole 
is  a  most  wonderful  farm  tool.  It  cuts  the  soil  twice,  throwing  it  in  opposite 
directions,  fining  in  tbs  hollows,  thus  leveling  the  land  All  Single  Action 
Harrows  have  to  be  Driven  in  Half  Dap. 

It  Is  drawn  by  two  medium  horses.  It  can  be  set 
to  move  the  earth  but  little,  or  at  so  great  an 
angle  as  to  move  the  earth  eight  or  nine  Inches. 

Runs  truein  line  of  draft.  A  customer 
, wrote  recently  that  his  “Cutaway" 
i  pays  for  itself  every  thirty  days  In 
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The  Jointed  Pole  takes  all  weight  off  the  horses’  necks, 
aiixr  *eeps  fheir  heels  away  from  the  disks. 

We  make  a  “Cutaway”  for  every  crop.  Every  need  is 
ruiiy  ^supplied  by  the  different  styles  of  genuine  “Cut- 
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THE  BREKSE  BROS.  CO.^^jlootinf^Dent^^^^^riiiriiiiiatiflhfo 


138 


THB  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


February  4, 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

MAKE  THE  BEST  OF  IT. 

A  merry  heart,  a  merry  laugh 
A  face  with  lots  of  sun  in  it, 

A  merry  tongue  with  merry  chaff, 

And  quip  with  lots  of  fun  in  it ! 

If  trouble  comes,  and  trouble  will, 

When  others  make  a  guest  of  it, 

Keep  on  a  smiling  face,  and  still 
Strive  on  and  make  the  best  of  it. 

And  if  the  worst  comes  to  the  worst, 
And  life  has  no  more  zest  in  it, 

Well,  there  are  fewer  clouds  to  burst, 

So  why  not  make  the  best  of  it? 

Then  learn  to  leave  behind  you  care, 

A  fool  but  walks  abreast  of  it, 

Don’t  be  a  victim  to  despair, 

But  always  make  the  best  of  it ! 

— La  Touche  Hancock  in  New  York  Sun. 
* 

‘‘The  Woman’s  Journal”  says  that  a 
small  boy  living  with  his  aunt  no¬ 
ticed  that  the  regular  black  pepper 
shaker  was  partly  filled  with  red  pep¬ 
per.  Turning  to  his  aunt,  he  said, 
with  much  concern:  “You’d  better 
not  eat  any  of  that  red  pepper,  Aunt 
Harriet ;  grandma  says  that  red  pep¬ 
per  kills  ants.” 

* 

lx  making  a  dress  of  very  thin  and 
flimsy  material  dressmakers  often  use 
a  strip  of  light  flannel  or  broadcloth 
inside  the  hem  or  skirt  facing,  a  color 
being  selected  that  will  not  show 
through.  This  gives  body  without  add¬ 
ing  bulk,  and  prevents  the  skirt  from 
flying  up,  as  a  light  material  has  a 
tendency  to  do. 

* 

A  piece  of  stout  black  elastic,  just 
long  enough  to  fit  snugly  around  the 
hips,  finished  at  the  ends  with  a  strong 
hook  and  eye,  is  a  rainy  day  conven¬ 
ience.  Pass  it  around  the  hips,  but 
not  low  enough  to  interfere  with  walk¬ 
ing,  and  pull  up  the  skirt  evenly  all 
around  to  the  height  desired.  If  prop¬ 
erly  adjusted  the  skirt  will  “stay  put,” 
and  the  waterproof  covers  all.  This  is 
very  much  better  than  pinning  up  a 
skirt,  as  many  women  do  when  ob¬ 
liged  to  go  out  on  a  rainy  ,  day. 

* 

Maple  nougat  is  a  delicious  sauce  to 
serve  with  ice  cream.  Boil  two  cup¬ 
fuls  of  grated  maple  sugar,  half  la 
cupful  of  cream  and  a  walnut  of  butter 
until  thick  and  waxy  when  dropped 
into  cold  water,  then  add  one  cupful 
chopped  nuts,  preferably  English  wal¬ 
nuts.  Pour  while  hot  over  portions 
of  cream  ready  for  serving.  We  al¬ 
ways  try  to  make  ice  cream  occasion¬ 
ally  when  there  is  snow  on  the  ground, 
because  it  is  so  easy  to  freeze  it,  and 
this  arctic  dainty  is  in  season  all  the 

j'ear  round  in  a  steam-heated  house. 

* 

Among  the  wash  fabrics  now  on 
sale  are  cotton  foulards  at  IS  to  25 
cents  a  yard,  white  ground  with  polka 
dots  and  a  handsome  two-inch  border 
in  a  Persian  pattern,  introducing  several 
colors.  Scotch  zephyr  ginghams  45 
inches  wide  have  striped  borders  and 
cost  from  35  cents  a  yard  up;  they 
are  as  fine  as  silk.  So  many  of  the 
new  fabrics  are  bordered  that  it  is 
evident  these  trimmings  are  to  be  large¬ 
ly  used.  It  is  often  possible  to  buy  a 
striped,  check  or  figured  percale,  lawn 
or  gingham,  and  then  purchase  a  yard 
or  more  of  another  material  that  will 
go  with  it  to  cut  into  stripes  and  use  for 
trimming  like  a  border.  Where  a  black 
and  white  material  is  selected  a  trim¬ 
ming  that  includes  a  little  color  is  often 
very  pretty.  Many  of  the  readymade 
gingham  dresses  now  on  sale  include 
bandings  of  a  plain  color  matching  the 
stripe  or  check.  One  smart  little  striped 
gingham  gown  noted  was  made  with  a 
tunic  effect,  the  bottom  of  the  skirt 
having  a  band  about  two  feet  deep 
with  the  stripes  running  around,  while 
the  upper  part  of  the  skirt  and  waist 
had  the  stripes  running  up  and  down. 
Many  of  these  dresses  still  have  the 


sleeves  all  in  one  with  the  bodice,  the 
kimono  style,  though  fashion  forecasters 
says  this  model  has  run  so  long  now 
now  that  it  is  on  the  wane.  It  is 
so  easily  made,  without  tiresome  fit¬ 
ting  of  sleeves,  that  we  dislike  to  part 
with  it ;  however,  we  think  it  will  stay 
with  us  in  children’s  fashions  even 
after  adults  have  discarded  it. 

* 

A  Californian  housekeeper  says  she 
does  not  cook  prunes.  She  washes  them 
thoroughly,  covers  one  inch  deep  with 
tepid  water,  sprinkles  over  them  what 
sugar  is  desired,  and  then  soaks  them 
from  12  to  24  hours.  If  the  fruit  is 
very  dry  and  hard  it  may  be  placed 
on  the  warming  shelf  of  the  range 

so  as  to  keep  warm  while  soak¬ 
ing.  If  a  richer  syrup  is  desired  the 

juice  is  drained  off  when  the  fruit 

is  soft,  boiled  down  and  then  poured 
over  the  fruit  again.  It  is  claimed  that 
this  treatment  makes  the  prunes  taste 
just  like  fresh  fruit.  We  always  soak 
prunes  for  several  hours  before  cook¬ 
ing,  then  simmer  slowly  with  a  slice  or 
two  of  lemon,  using  the  water  in  which 
they  were  soaked  for  the  cooking.  There 
is  a  great  difference  between  the  well- 
soaked  fruit,  which  has  much  of  its 
lost  moisture  restored  before  cooking, 
and  the  tough,  insipid,  hastily  cooked 
prune  which  is  so  often  offered,  bringing 
excellent  and  wholesome  fruit  into  dis¬ 
favor.  _ 

On  page  14  Mrs.  E.  W.  asks  how  to 
clean  flues  with  zinc.  This  is  how  I  do 
it  in  a  large  steam  boiler,  and  have 
done  it  in  a  stove  the  same  way:  Take 
a  piece  of  zinc  and  just  throw  it  in  the 
fire,  that  is  in  the  stove,  and  open  the 
damper  and  draft.  The  zinc  will  then 
burn  up  all  of  the  soot  into  a  very  fine 
ash.  I  do  not  know  whether  it  is  a 
gas  or  a  very  intense  heat  that  is  pro¬ 
duced  that  destroys  the  soot,  but  it  does  1 
the  work  every  time.  I  am  answering 
this  query  because  I  have  read  useful 
things  in  the  past,  and  so  wish  to  help 
others  when  1  can.  N.  L.  H. 

Take  the  zinc  only  from  one  or  two 
worn-out  batteries  (new  zinc  will  an¬ 
swer  same  purpose),  break  in  pieces 
as  small  as  you  can.  After  your  fire 
in  stove  has  burned  until  the  coal  shows 
a  white  heat,  lay  pieces  of  zinc  over 
the  fire.  Allow  it  to  remain  without 
stirring  until  the  zinc  has  disappeared 
and  the  spelter  found  its  way  to  bot¬ 
tom  of  grate.  By  this  time  the  fumes 
from  the  burning  metal  will  have 
reached  every  point  of  flue  and  by  a 
chemical-  action  destroys  all  soot  and 
leaves  the  flue  almost  as  white  as  snow. 
Above  results  from  actual  experience. 

A.  G.  F. 


ASK  FOR 


Be  sure  your  dress- 
[material  is  “worth 
|making  up.’ 

Simpson-Eddystone 

Fast  Hazel  Brown  Prints 

are  the  brown  cotton  dress- 
goods  with  cloth  of  supe¬ 
rior  quality. 

The  experience  of  65 
years  enables  us  to  make 
this  calico  in  the  most  beau¬ 
tiful  shade  of  brown  abso¬ 
lutely  unmoved  by  soap, 
light,  or  perspiration.  New 
designs  in  artistic  effects. 

Show  this  advertisement  to 
your  dealer  when  you  order,  and 
don’t  accept  substitutes.  If  not 
in  your  dealer’s  stock  write  us 
his  name  and  address.  We’ll 
help  him  supply  you. 

The  Eddystone  Mfg.  Co.,  Philo. 


FoundedA842^\^n^m£sor^r 


The  Improved  MONITOR 


MAKES  IRONING  EASY  AND  A  PLEASURE 

Pronounced  “The  World’s  Best”  by  over  275,000 
satisfied  customers.  No  hot  stove— easy  io  operate. 
Heat  regulated  instantly.  SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED. 

Highest  in  quality  -lowest  in  price. 
Highly  polished  and  nickel  plated. 

ACENTS  WANTED. 
Write  for  catalogue  and  terms. 

The  Monitor  Sad  Iron  Co. 

28  Wayne  St.,  Big  Prairie,  0. 


SPEAR  Will  Trust  You 
Wherever  You  Live— Write 
For  His  Free  Catalog 


Personal 

Word 


The  rich  and 
prosperous  class 
can  always  com¬ 
mand  the  lux¬ 
uries  of  life,  but 
the  average 
home  lover  needs 
the  Spear  System 
of  Credit  to  the 
Nation.  I  want 
1,000,000  families 
to  say  of  me:— 
He  helped  us 
to  furnish  and 
beautify  our 
homes.”  I  ask 
for  no  higher  tri 
bute  to  my  life’s 
work.  Write  for 
my  Free  Catalog. 

Spear 

of 

I'liisDurg 


N 


O  matter  where  you  live,  you  can  buy  everything  needed 
for  the  home  from  us  on  credit  and  on  easy  payments 
to  suit  your  convenience.  All  you  need  to  do  is  to  mail 
ua  your  name  and  address  and  we  will  at  once  send  you, 
free,  our  Mammoth  Home  Furnishing  Catalog,  con¬ 
taining  illustrations  from  photographs  and  full  des¬ 
criptions  of  thousands  of  articles  in  Furniture,  Rugs, 
Carpets  and  Home  Furnishings  sold  by  us  on  long  time, 
open  account,  easy  credit  terms. 

Credit  Buying  Made  Easy 

With  the  aid  of  this  Big  Bargain  Catalog,  you  can  select 
anythingyou  want—  Furniture, Carpets,  Rugs,  Stoves,  Ranges, 
Refrigerators,  Sewing  Machines,  Baby  Carriages,  Go-Carts, 
Silverware,  Dishes,  Phonographs,  Washing  Machines,  Clocks, 
etc.,  —  to  a  greater  advantage  than  if  you  were  to  visit 
personally  even  the  largest  city  stores;  because  we  offer 

?ou  not  only  a  vastly  largeriand  better  stock  to  choose 
rom,  but  your  selections  are  made  at  home  after  consult¬ 
ing  yonr  family  and  without  suggestions  from  clerks  who 
may  seek  to  influence  you. 

Pay  When  Convenient 

Your  credit  is  good  with  us.  Why  not  use  it? 

Under  our  liberal,  open  account,  easy  payment  plan 
you  can  have  every  possible  advantage  in  buying  for 
mnr  homo  possessed  by  the  most  favored  and  well- 
„o-do-8hopper  in  the  city  stores.  Our  credit  sys¬ 
tem  is  extended  to  honestpeople,  everywhere,  re¬ 
gardless  of  their  income.  You  need  not  deny  your¬ 
self  any  article  of  household  comfort  or  luxury  on 
account  of  a  lack  of  ready  cash.  Select  what  you 
want  from  our  Catalog,  pay  a  little  cash  down  and 
a  little  each  month. 

Our  Prices  Are  The  Lowest 


Plymouth  Range 

$3.75  Down 

The  range  that  has  caused 
•uch  a  sonsation  and  ere* 
ated  so  much  talk. 


I 


Only  S2.25  Down  and 
SI. OO  Par  Month 


While  our  credit  terms  are  the  most  liberal  in  the 
country,  yet  our  prices  are  the  lowest. 
This  is  because  of  our  immense  purchas¬ 
ing  power  and  onormous  volume  of  sales. 
We  buy  goods  in  such  vast  quantities 
that  we  secure  better  prices  than  would 
be  possible  to  smaller  concerns,  am! 
by  extending  our  business  to  tens  of 
thousands  of  customers  all  over  the 
country,  we  can  afford  to  accept  just 
one  small  added  profit  from  each  sale. 
We  allow  no  store  or  factory  on  earth 
to  undersell  us.  Get  our  prices  and 
be  your  own  judge  of  whether  or  not  wo 
save  you  from  20  to  50  per  cent  on  your 
home  furnishings. 


Brussels  Rugs, 

ex  i2-$i  i.es 

and  up 


Price  $4.95 

Terms  75c  Casb 

With  Order  -  - - 

Balance  50c  Payable  Monthly  Write  For  Free  Catalog  Today 

SPEAR  &  COMPANY,  Department  19MM  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Take  A  Month  To  Decide 

Anything  you  select  from 
our  Bargain  Catalog  will 
be  shipped  on  approval. 

Keep  the  goods  30  days, 
then  decide  to  buy  or  re¬ 
turn  at  our  expense.  If  you 
aro  not  fully  satisfied,  tho 
goods  may  be  shipped  back 
to  us  at  our  expense  and  your 
first  payment  and  freight 
charges  refunded  you. 

Big  Rocker  Bargain 

A  large,  comfortable,  solid  oak  \ 

Rocker  with  high,  wide  back,  fully 
tufted  and  buttoned  with  heavy 
ruffled  edge.  Seat  is  large  and  \ 
roomy,  upholstered  with  hign-grado 
black  Sylvan  leather  over  full  steel 
spring  construction,  and  has  a  beautifully  ruf¬ 
fled  edge  to  match  back.  Construction  is  solid 
golden  oak  throughout,  with  high  gloss  golden 
finish.  Arms  are  wtde,  front  posts  of  handsome 
design.  Satisfaction  guaranteed  or  money  back. 


HOUSEWORK  HALVED 

By  Syracuse  “EASY”  Utilities 

SOLD  ON  TRIAL 

Syracuse  “  EASY  ”  Vacuum  Washer  cleans  completely  a  tubful  of  clothes,  coarse 
or  delicate,  in  10  minutes  of  easy  effort.  Heat  water  right  in  rust  proof  steel  tub.  No 
swinging  of  clothes  or  water.  Works  like  a  cistern  pump.  Sold  on  30  days'  trial. 
Syracuse  “EASY”  Vacuum  Cleaner,  hand  or  electric,  most  satisfactory 
on  market.  Gets  all  the  dirt  without  raising  dust.  Easy  to  operate.  Very 
durable  and  efficient.  Send  for  free  booklet  and  Trial  Order  Form. 

DODGE  &  ZUILL,  224D  Dillaye  Bldg.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


RANGER’’  BICYCLES 

Have  imported  roller  chains,  sprockets  and 
pedals ;  New  Departure  Coaster-Brakes  and 
Hubs;  Puncture  Proof  Tires;  highest  grade 
equipment  and  many  advanced  features  pos¬ 
sessed  by  no  other  wheels.  Guaranteed  jyrs. 

FACTORY  PRICES arce.Ccss0«L°nU 

others  ask  for  cheap  wheels.  Other  reliable 
models  from  $12  up.  A  few  good  second¬ 
hand  machines  $3  to  $8. 

10  DAYSTREE  TRIALS 

provnl ,  freight  prepaid,  anywhere  in  U.  S., 
without  a  cent  in  advance.  DO  NOT  BUY  a 
bicycle  or  a  pair  of  tires  from  anyone  at  any 
price  until  you  get  our  big  new  catalog  and 
special  prices  and  a  marvelous  new  offer, 
A  postal  brings  everything.  Write  it  now . 
TIDCC  Coaster  Brake  Rear  Wheels,  lamps, 
I  111  tw  parts,  and  sundries  half  usual  prices . 
Rider  Agents  everywhere  are  coining  money  selling  our  bi¬ 
cycles,  tireS  and  sundries.  Write  today, 

MEAD  CYCLE  CO.,  Dept.  W80»  CHICAGO 


// //.  Aladdin  MANTLE  Lamp 

\JM  BURNS  KEROSENE  (Coal  Oil) 


Produces  powerful,  white,  more  brilliant 
light  than  city  gas,  gasolene  or  electricity- 
simple,  noiseless,  odorless,  clean,  safe,  dur¬ 
able—  complete  success  —  recognized 
world’s  standard.  Fully  Guaranteed. 

T.  H.  BALL,  California,  SOLD  850 

On  money  back  guarantee— not  one  returned. 
C .  E.  Kramer  made  $700  In  60  days.  Complete  line 
of  lamps  and  chandeliers  for  homes,  offices  and  public  places. 
Ask  nearest  office  for  agency  proposition  or  how  to  get  lamp  free 

MANTLE  LAMP  CO.  OF  AMERICA,  Dept 

Chicago,  Portland,  Ore.,  Waterbury,  Conn.,  Winnipeg,  Montreal,  Canada. 


FROM  KEROSENE 
>COAL  OIL) 


A  FLOOD  OF  LIGHT 


For  Best  EXTENSION  LADDER  at  »rce* 

JOHN  J.  I'OTTKK.li  Mill  St..  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


Be  One  of  the  8,000,000 

Today  there  are  8,000,000  people  who  will  have  no 
other  Rubber  Boots  or  Arctics  than  the  famous  “Ball- 
Band”  goods.  They  know  that  in  no  other  rubber 
footwear  is  there  the  same  combination  of  durability 
and  comfort. 


BALL  ft  BAND 


We  have  built  up  this  enormous  business  simply  by  giving  a  little 
better  boot  than  anybody  else  thought  was  possible  for  the  money. 

True,  we  have  sacrificed  profits  to  do  this.  But  we  have  built  up  a 
host  of  satisfied  customers  that  competition  cannot  touch— and  it’s 
growing  all  the  time. 

From  top  to  toe,  inside  and  out,  “Ball-Band”  rubber  footwear 
the  best  materials  and  the  best  workmanship  that 
money  can  buy. 

45,000  dealers  sell  them.  Some  sell  other  kinds, 
too,  so  insist  on  seeing  the  red  “Ball-Band”  trade¬ 
mark. 

If  your  dealer  can’t  supply  you,  write  us,  men¬ 
tioning  his  name,  and  we  will  see  that  you  are  fitted. 


MISHAWAKA  WOOLEN  MFG.  CO.,  Mishawaka,  Ind. 

“The  House  That  Pays  Millions  for  Quality  ” 


(44) 


It'll; 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


13© 


The Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  pattern  and  measurement  de¬ 
sired . 

The  walking  skirt  that  is  made  in 
many  gores,  cut  to  fit  closely  above  the 
knee  but  to  flare  a  little  at  the  lower 
portion,  is  a  new  and  satisfactory  one. 
This  model  can  be  made  either  with  in¬ 
verted  plaits  or  habit  back.  It  will  be 
found  appropriate  for  all  materials  that 
are  heavy  enough  to  be  made  in  tailored 


6848  Eleven  Gored  Skirt, 

22  to  32  waist. 

style.  The  skirt  is  cut  in  11  gores  which 
are  shaped  to  flare  slightly  to  about 
flounce  depth.  When  habit  back  is  de¬ 
sired  the  back  gores  are  cut  off  on  in¬ 
dicated  lines.  The  quantity  of  material 
required  for  the  medium  size  is  9$4 
yards  21,  27  or  36  inches  wide,  4J4 
yards  44  _  when  material  has  figure  or 
nap,  but  if  there  is  neither  up  nor  down 
5  yards  36  inches  wide  will  suffice.  The 
width  of  the  skirt  at  the  lower  edge  is 
2J4  yards  when  made  with  habit  back, 
2f4_  yards  when  made  with  inverted 
plaits.  The  pattern  No.  6846  is  cut  in 
sizes  for  a  22,  24,  26,  28,  30  and  32  inch 
waist  measure ;  price  10  cents. 

The  smaller  pictures  include  6886, 
fancy  waist  for  misses’  and  small 
women,  14,  16  and  18  years.  yards 

of  material  21  inches  wide,  1J4  yard  36 
or  44,  %  yard  of  all-over  lace,  l/2  yard 
of  velvet,  for  16  year  size.  6897,  fancy 
waist,  34  to  42.  3  yards  of  material  21 

or  27  inches  wide,  2  yards  36,  1^4  yard 
44  inches  wide,  with  %  yard  20  inches 


wide  for  girdle,  /2  yard  of  all-over 
lace,  2  yards  .of  wide  banding,  2%  yards 
narrow  banding  to  make  as  illustrated,  ! 
1  yard  of  all-over  lace  to  make  high 
neck  and  long  sleeves,  for  medium  size. 
6902,  girl’s  apron,  6  to  12  years,  2% 
yards  27  inches  wide,  1^4  yard  36  inches 
wide, .  2?4  yards  embroidery,  3^4  yards 
insertion,  for  10  year  size.  6885,  house 
jacket,  34  to  44  bust.  4J4  yards  of 
material  27  inches  wide,  3  yards  36,  2 x/> 
yards  44,  y2  yard  of  silk  for  bands,  for 
medium  size.  6888,  four-piece  skirt  for 
misses’  and  small  women,  with  high  or 
natural  waist  line,  14,  16  and  18  years. 
43/j  yards  of  material  27  inches  wide, 
354  yards  36,  2^4  yards  44,  for  16  year 
size.  Price  of  each  pattern  10  cents. 


Canning  Beef. 

The  following  recipe  for  canning  beef 
is  one  we  have  tried  three  years  and 
have  found  it  superior  to  all  others.  All 
who  have  tested  it  pronounce  it  best.  It 
was  contributed  by  “T.  W.  B.”  to  “Wal¬ 
lace’s  Farmer” : 

Cut  beef  into  small  enough  pieces  to 
go  into  glass  jars.  Without  washing 
it  or  adding  water  to  it,  salt  and  pepper 
it  as  you  pack  it,  and  can  as  soon  after 
being  butchered  as  possible.  Put  boards 
on  the  bottom  of  wash  boiler,  set  the 
jars  in,  with  lids  laid  loosely  on  top  of 
jars,  fill  boiler  with  cold  water  to  within 
two-thirds  of  the  top  of  the  jars.  Let 
boil  several  hours,  depending  on  the 
quality  of  beef ;  three  hours  is  usually 
enough.  Then  set  boiler  back  for  a  few 
minutes  and  take  jars  out,  put  on  rub¬ 
bers,  and  seal  tightly.  Always  use  good 
lids  and  new  rubbers.  Suet  may  be 
rendered  and  poured  over  the  top  of 
meat  before  sealing,  thus  making  it 
doubly  secure.  1.  m.  c. 


Dyeing  Carpet 

Can.  ingrain  carpet  be  dyed  to  any  color 
desired  and  what  dye  is  used? 

MRS.  c.  D. 

It  is  quite  possible  to  dye  carpets; 
several  housekeepers  described  the  way 
they  had  done  it  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  a  few 
years  ago,  using  some  of  the  reliable 
packet  dyes  for  wool  sold  by  druggists. 
The  dye  was  kept  hot  and  applied  to 
the  carpet  with  a  stiff  brush,  the  carpet 
itself  being  separated  into  breadths  and 
laid  over  a  table.  One  woman  used  a 
small  sink  brush  with  a  handle.  An¬ 
other  tacked  a  rug  flat  on  a  storeroom 
floor  and  applied  tire  dye  with  a  long- 
handled  scrubbing  brush,  giving  two  ap¬ 
plications  of  dye.  Three  days  were  al¬ 
lowed  to  elapse  between  the  two  dyeings, 
so  that  the  rug,  which  was  a  thick 
one,  dried  out  well.  A  Brussels  carpet, 
dyed  in  this  way,  was  allowed  to  dry 
thoroughly;  then  a  damp  cloth  was  laid 
over  it  and  it  was  ironed  with  a  hot 
iron  to  bring  up  the  pile,  after  which 
a  good  brushing  with  a  whisk  broom 
finished  it.  In  each  case  the  persons 
operating  followed  the  packet  instruc¬ 
tions  as  to  making  and  fixing  the  dye; 
one  says  that  while  using  the  dye  she 
kept  it  hot  on  a  little  oil  stove.  An¬ 
other  tells  of  a  neighbor  who  dyed  un¬ 
desirable  stripes  in  a  rag  carpet  by 
stretching  it  on  a  barn  floor  and  apply¬ 
ing  dye  with  a  stiff  brush  to  the  stripes 
she  wished  to  change.  It  will  be  noted 
that  all  these  experimenters  applied  the 
dye  with  a  brush.  To  dip  a  carpet  would 
be  impossible  under  home  conditions, 
though  this  is  done  by  professional 
dyers. 


^ugs.Carpets.Curtains.^lanKets 


From  the 


Mill 

We  Puv 

Freight 


— — - . j  prices  save  you 

dealers’  profits.  li  e  give  a  binding 
guarantee  of  satisfaction  and  save 
V on  its  1-*  per  cent-  You  can 
buy  the  well-known  Regal  Rug, 

6x9 ft  .reversible, all  woolfinish,at  ___ 
$8.f5.  QnrUrtmelnRiir.tiiSft,  HfllB 
greatest  value  known,*  1.85.  Splendid  grade  B  . . 

■els  Rug,  9x12  ft.,  *1 
Famous  In  vinelbleV, 


vets.  9x12  ft.,  *lfl.  Star 
dard  Axm lusters,  »xl 
ft.,*  18.50,  Fineqnal 
ty  l.aee  Curtains  46c  pe 
pair  and  up.  Tapes tr 
Cortai  ns,  W  llion Itugi 
UnolenmsalM 111  price 
Write  ta-day  lor  our  NE1 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALOC 
No.  14.  Sent  free.  Shows  la 
eat  designs  in  actual  colors. 

UNITED  MILLS  MFC.  CO 
M51-24E2  JUKI  ST.,  nnu 


You  can  paper  2  rooms 
absolutely  free 

Have  you  three  rooms  that  need 
papering  1  Buy  your  papers  from 
us— we'll  save  you  half  the  cost, 
and  show  you  how  easily  any  man 
orhandy  woman  at  home  can  hang 
and  save  labor  expense,  too. 
You  can  beautify  three  rooms  for 
what  one  has  cost  yon  before. 
Send  for  free  Spring  sample-book 
and  instructions  today. 

Penn  Wall  Paper  Mills, 
Dept.  F 

'  Philadelphia  j 


Bronchial  Troches 

will  stop  that  cough.  Carry  them  in  your  pocket 
and  use  them  all  day  whenever  needed,  without 
inconvenience.  They  are  safe  and  effectual. 
Entirely  free  from  opiates  and  noted  for  their 
prompt  action. 

Price,  25c,  50c  and  $1.00.  Sample  free 
John  I.  Brown  &  Son _  _ Boston,  Mass. 


TRAVELING 


For  tlioso  who  have  from  300  ft.  to  1%  miles  to  go  fori 
their  mail.  Easily  placed  on  telephone  poles  or  2i4’s 
|  fastened,  to  fence  posts.  The  1 

OAKWOOD  MAIL  CARRIER 

Made  entirely  of  metal.  Ball-bearing  pulleys.  Sold 
on  thirty  days’  trial.  Wi  ite  for  book  “Getting  the  Mail." 

Oakwood  Mfg.  Co.  47  Stanton  Ave.  Springfield,  Ohio. 


Join  the  Million  Women 

Who  Know  the  Blessings  of  the  Kitchen  Cabinet 


The  Hoosier  Kitchen 
Cabinet  gives  yon 
more  for  your  money 
than  any  other  cabi¬ 
net.  Notice  how 
much  MORE  goes 
with  the  Hoosier 
with  NO  EXTRA 
CHARGE: 

Metal  flour  bin  with 
sliding  glass  panel  and 
removable  sifter.  Bin 
holds  65  pounds.  Self¬ 
feeding  metal  sugar 
bin.  When  a  scoopful 
Is  taken  out  the  same 
quantity  drops  down. 
Six  crystal  glass  spice 
cans  with  aluminum 
lids.  Crystal  glass  tea 
and  coffee  jars  with 
aluminum  lids.  Hoo- 
eler  patent  “clock- 


face”  want  list.  Great 
big  aluminum  sliding 
work  table,  larger  and 
higher  than  a  kitchen 
table.  White  wood 
cutting  board  for 
bread  and  meat.  Metal 
bread  and  cake  box. 
Plate  racks,  sliding 
shelf,  big  cupboard, 
largecompartmentfor 
pots  and  pans,  cutlery 
drawer,  linen  drawer, 
handy  hooks,  copper 
door  fasteners  and 
drawer  pulls. 

The  cabinet  is 
Inches  high  and  40 
inches  wide.  The  depth 
of  the  lower  section  Is 
28  inches.  The  cabi: 
net  is  on  pressed  steel 
ball-bearing  caster's. 


“Saves  Miles  of  Steps  for  Tired  Feet” 

One  million  women  in  the  United  States  have  kitchen  cabinets  in  their  homes 
today.  Four  hundred  thousand  of  these  women — nearly  one-half  the  total  mil¬ 
lion — have  the  Hoosier  Kitchen  Cabinet. 

•i  7'e,n.‘s  thousands  of  these  Hoosiers  are  in  farm  kitchens,  where  they  prove 
their  biggest  economy  as  time  savers  and  work  savers. 

Seven  out  of  every  ten  Hoosier  Cabinets  are  sold  on  the  recommendation  of 
satisfied  users.  This  we  know  from  actual  reports  from  licensed  Hoosier  agents. 
Women  tell  us  the  Hoosier  actually  solves  the  help  problem,  reducing  the  kitchen 
work  as  much  as  one  hired  helper  would. 

.  When  hundreds  of  thousands  of  women  find  the  Hoosier  such  a  blessed  relief 
it  is  unthinkable  that  you  should  try  to  keep  house  without  it. 

Hoosier  Cabinet 

One  DoHar  a  Week  Puts  This  Cabinet  in  Your  Kitchen 

The  Hoosier  saves  you  the  countless  steps 
you  now  have  to  take  from  the  kitchen 
table  to  the  pantry— and  to  and  from  the 
shelves  and  hooks.  It  saves  you  from  reach¬ 
ing  to  high  shelves.  It  saves  you  from  the  back 
breaking  6train  of  stooping  over  barrels  and 
bins.  It  saves  you  the  whole  bother  of  assem¬ 
bling  a  dozen  things  for  your  work.  It  brings  the 
kitchen  utensils  and  materials  to  your  finger  tips. 

Here  in  one  spot  40  inches  wide  you  have  nine- 
tenths  the  articles  you  use  in  baking  and  cook¬ 
ing.  Write  us  and  we  will  send  you  odr  FREE 
ILLUSTRATED  CABINET  BOOK.  We  will 
also  tell  yon  where  you  can  see  the  Hoosier. 


In  nearly  every  community  there  is  a  licensed 
H-oosier  agent.  The  merchant  who  has  the 
Hoosier  Licensed  Sign  in  his  window  is  a  good 
mantoknow.  Write  for  the  cabinet  book  today. 


Mr.  Husband: 

You  have  riding  plows  and  man; 


_  .  _ iy  I 

mentis  to  make  your  work  easy.  Ha 


farm  imple- 

....  - - . - -Lave  you  ever 

thought  that  your  wife  should  have  a  step-Raver 
for  BLEB  work?  Tho  cd  d-time  kitchen  table  in  ns 
far  out  of  date  as  the  walking  plow.  The  Hoo- 
sier  Kitchen  Cabinet  saves  as  much  labor  in  the 
kitchen  as  the  riding  plow  saves  in  the  field. 
Write  us  NOW  for  our  Kitchen  Cabinet  Book,  and  learn 
how  happy  you  can  make  your  wife  with  the  Hoosier. 


Hoosier  Manufacturing  Co. 


12 Rich  St. 

_  rap  New  Castle,  lnd. 

World**  Largest  Makers  of  Kftciion  Cabinets 


kook  for  This  Sign  of  the  Licensed  Hoosier  Agent— a  Good  Man  to  Know 


THE' BEST' LIGHT 


Makes  and  burns  its  own  gas  and 
produces  a  pure  white,  steady, 
sale,  100  candle  power  light.  .  No 
wick,  smoke,  dirt,  grease  or  odor. 


THE  BEST  LIGHT  CO. 
401  K.  5th  St.,  Canton,  «• 


Ann  Arbor  Lighting 

Systems  are  brighter  - - - ___ 

than  gas,  steadier  and  Clearer  than 
eleetne  light,  and  cost  about  one. 
tenth  ns  much  to  operate.  Each 
lamp  gives  300  to  500  candle  power 
for  less  than  $4  cent  per  hour.  Fuel 
*•  gasoline;  perfectly  safe. 

We  make  Complete  Llfht* 
In*  System  for  Homei, 
Churches,  Stores,  Etc. 

Price  $10  up,  according  te  number 
of  lamps  desired.  We  make  inverted 
ares  especially  adapted  for  uce  is 
stores,  halls,  factories,  etc. 

WE  JVAXT  who  win  push  onr 
AGEST8  line.  Special  term, 
to  those  who  write  early.  Catale. 
and  prices  on  request 

SUPERIOR  nPO.  CO. 

305  (fetus  SI.,  Aon  Arbor,  Mich, 


Electric  Lights  make  the  brightest,  safest, 
cleanest  and  most  reliable  lighting  system 
known  for  farms  and  country  homes.  Tbe 
Dayton  Electric  Lighting  Outfits  are  low  in 
cost,  easy  to  install,  cost  almost  nothing  to 
operate.  Give  you  better  lights  than  most  city 
people  enjoy.  Write  today  for  complete  illus¬ 
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DAYTON  ELECTRICAL  MFG.  OO. 
231  8t.  Clair  Street  Dayton,  Ohio 


Don’t  Pay  Tribute  to  a  Trust 


High  Grade  Rubben 


BLHKKLi  BEACON  FALLS 


CENTURY  BOOTS 

"v  .  -  P  LI,  . »  ■  ■  4  ■  _ _ _ _  a  «  «  m  .  — 


NO 
SHODDY 


WrmhydteoplellShi:rkIu,Worabber  in  world-  They’re  made  on 
thohiyhust  l-rade  rubber  into  the  best  quality  of  canvas  duck 

anklet  - A  , a  precautio? 

I1°t  fas*  to  tell  a  good  rubbeT  boot 
o^en^i?  v^d^m  even  the  dealer  gets  fooled  occasionally.  More 

mSv*  &  Stocking ™  ™Ptat?.°n  to  what  looks  like  a  little  “easy 

.Rooking  up  on  a  “cheaper”  article  on  the  representation  of 
some  smooth  salesman  that  “It’s  just  as  good”  as  the  Century  Whv  tuke 
Cbaeke«d  bv  Tea™  of  f?5>ul,tfu*  quality  when  you  can  have  Century  Boots, 
fjf”  cesu’  no  greater  cost  ?  It  has  paid  thousands 
Font?™!.  kwving  the  Century.  Beacon  Falls  Rubber 

,  ‘tv  car  is  always  the  best  for  the  money”— best  for  wear— best 
.  for  style  and  fit.  Ask  your  dealer  for  it,  and 
if  he  can’t  supply  you.  write  us,  giving  his 
name,  and  we  will  see  that  you  are  fitted 
out.  Illustrated  booklet  free.  [l] 

The  Beacon  Falls  Rubber  Shoe  Co.  1 

New  York  Chicago  II  foils 

Boston  _ 

"  Ca 


140 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


February  4, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

COWS  WITH  OR  WITHOUT  FREEDOM. 

I  would  like  to  know  whether  it  is  better 
to  keep  milch  cows  and  heifers  in  the  stable 
during  the  Winter,  except  for  the  actual 
time  required  for  them  to  drink,  or  to 
give  them  several  hours  in  a  warm  yard 
with  southerly  exposure,  and  with  the  op¬ 
portunity  to  run  under  a  barn  that  is  kept 
free  from  manure  and  is  clean,  and  with 
litter  for  them  to  lie  upon,  water  being  ac¬ 
cessible  for  them  to  drink  any  time,  latere 
are  no  drinking  conveniences  in  the  stable 
mangers.  The  cattle  have  been  used  to 
spending  some  six  hours  a  day  in  fair 
weather  in  this  yard  and  under  said  barn, 
and  have  seemed  to  thrive.  That  they  enjoy 
the  liberty  1  do  not  question,  but  as  I  ap¬ 
pear  to  be  the  only  person  in  the  community 
to  follow  this  course  with  cows  and  young 
stock,  I  have  often  wondered  if  this  way 
was  the  best.  The  cattle  seem  hardy,  and 
I  chiefly  query  whether  the  milk  yield 
is  as  large  as  it  would  be  if  the  cattle 
were  tied  in  stanchions,  except  when  turned 
out  to  drink.  The  yield  of  milk  is  satis¬ 
factory.  The  water  they  drink  is  under 
cover,  and  is  drawn  or  rather  flows  from 
a  driven  Well.  It  rarely  freezes  in  the 
trough,  and  at  most  but  lightly.  o.  n. 

Up  in  northern  Vermont  the  usual 
Winter  weather  is  very  severe,  and  we 
have  to  regulate  our  dairy  practice  ac¬ 
cordingly.  There  may  be  some  days 
when  cows  could  be  turned  loose  in  a 
protected  yard  without  suffering  from 
the  cold,  but  such  days  are  not  the 
rule.  A  cow  is  something  of  a  creature 
of  habit.  She  gets  used  to  a  certain 
routine,  and  it  has  been  my  own  experi¬ 
ence  that  she  will  register  her  disap¬ 
proval  of  any  change  in  this  routine  by 
a  decrease  in  her  milk  How.  If  the 
weather  averaged  to  be  such  that  the 
cows  could  be  turned  out  a  few  hours 
each  day  to  exercise  and  take  the  air  I 
should  prefer  such  a  practice,  but  since 
such  are  not  our  conditions  we  let  the 
cows  out  into  the  yard  morning  and 
night  for  water.  If  the  day  is  cold  we 
let  them  back  into  the  barn  as  soon 
as  they  are  through  drinking,  while  if 
the  day  is  warm  we  allow  them  to  stay 
out  a  little  longer,  but  not  long  enough 
to  vary  the  regular  procedure,  to  any 
great  extent.  We  have  an  abundance 
of  light  in  the  stable,  however,  and  the 
King  system  of  ventilation  keeps  the 
air  in  good  condition.  Our  cows  are 
pretty  uniformly  health}1',  and  we  are 
able  to  make  our  best  milk  records  in 
Winter  when  this  method  is  followed. 

E.  S.  BRIGHAM. 

Our  cows  are  watered  in  the  stable 
and  kept  tied  in  the  stable  most  of  the 
time  during  the  Winter.  We  have  a 
protected  yard  on  the  south  side  of  the 
stables  where  we  occasionally  turn 
them  out  for  an  hour  or  so  on  bright 
warm  days.  We  keep  an  accurate  ac¬ 
count  of  the  milk,  and  I  have  repeatedly 
noticed  that  even  under  these  condi¬ 
tions  the  cows  fall  off  in  the  milk  yield 
when  turned  out  for  the  exercise.  We 
pocket  the  temporary  loss  of  milk,  how¬ 
ever,  on  the  theory  that  in  the  long  run 
the  cows  are  the  better  for  the  exer¬ 
cise  and  airing.  This  is  only  a  theory, 
and  we  have  no  figures  to  prove  it. 
Anyway  1  like  to  see  them  shake  their 
tails  and  heads  and  act  as  though  they 
enjoyed  being  alive  once  in  a  while.  I 
am-  satisfied  that  the  practice  of  turning 
cattle  out  in  the  Winter  in  all  kinds  of 
weather  is  a  very  expensive  one  espe¬ 
cially  for  milch  cows.  Our  bulls  run 
all  Winter  in  a  yard  and  open  shed, 
and  keep  in  perfect  condition,  and  I  do 
not  know  that  I  can  prove  that  they  re¬ 
quire  any  more  feed  than  they  do  when 
tied  in  the  stables. 

J.  H.  PUTNAM. 

Litchfield  Co.,  Conn. 

In  regard  to  exercise  for  the  cows, 
our  practice  is  to  let  them  out  for  a 
short  time  every  pleasant  day  while  we 
are  cleaning  out  the  stables  and  put¬ 
ting  in  new  bedding.  The  cows  are 
watered  in  the  barn ;  we  have  the  iron 
buckets,  but  they  are  not  satisfactory, 
as  the  pipes  are  very  apt  to  clog  up 
and  become  foul,  so  in  the  new  barn 
we  shall  water  them  in  the  cement 
mangers.  Our  young  stock  drinks  at 
a  brook  near  by.  Neither  the  old  nor 
young  stock  seem  to  care  to  stay  out 
long,  being  usually  ready  to  come  in 
as  soon  as  the  stables  are  ready.  Our 
barnyard  is  on  the  south  side  of  the 
buildings,  but  there  is  no  shelter  for 
the  stock.  I  should  think  that  would 
make  a  lot  of '  extra  work  in  keeping 
it  clean,  besides  wasting  bedding  which 
might  be  used  to  better  advantage  in 
the  stable.  We  think  the  cows  need 
the  exercise  and  change  of  air  but  can 
see  no  advantage  in  leaving  them  out 
for  any  great  length  of  time. 

ELMER  F.  B0DURTHA. 

Massachusetts. 


AILING  ANIMALS. 

Catarrh  in  Dog. 

I  have  a  dog  that  sneezes  and  has  a  very 
disagreeable  discharge  from  his  nose.  He 
lias  had  it  about  three  months  and  grows 
slowly  worse.  lie  has  every  symptom  of 
catarrh.  Can  you  tell  me  what  to  do  for 
him?  i  m. 

Hot  the  dog  live  out  of  doors  as  much 
as  possible  and  see  that  he  is  well  fed, 
but  not  fattened.  Give  him  a  tablespoon¬ 
ful  of  emulsion  of  cod  liver  oil  and  20 
drops  of  elixir  of  calisaya,  iron  and 
strychnine  twice  daily.  As  required 
syringe  out  nostrils  with  a  lukewarm  solu¬ 
tion  of  one  teaspoonful  of  baking  soda 
(bicarbonate  of  soda)  in  a  pint  of  water. 

Ringworm. 

I  have  a  cow  with  spots  on  her  body 
where  the  hair  comes  off,  and  the  skin 
seems  to  be  covered  with  a  white  scale 
which  looks  like  dandruff.  The  hair  pulls 
off ;  after  the  hair  is  out  a  thin  scab 
forms  over  the  spots.  It  does  not  seem 
to  itch  much;  at  times  she  licks  the  spots. 

I  am  greasing  the  spots  with  a  mixture 
of  sulphur  and  lard,  and  they  look  better ; 
it  takes  off  all  the  scabs,  and  they  seem 
to  be  doing  better,  but  still  others  appear. 
What  causes  it,  also  what  is  it  called/  Is 
it  contagious?  J-  c. 

The  disease  is  ringworm  and  due  to  a 
vegetable  parasite.  It  is  contagious,  and 
may  also  spread  to  the  human  hands.  It 
will  be  necessary  to  clean  up,  disinfect, 

ventilate  and  sun-light  the  barn,  as  well 
as  applying  a  coat  of  whitewash.  The 
ringworm  parasite  lives  on  the  walls  and 
woodwork  of  a  damp,  badly-ventilated  dark 
stable,  and  will  reinfect  animals  stabled 
there.  Much  parasites,  and  almost  all 
germs  of  disease,  burglars,  hold-up  men 
and  wicked  people,  love  the  dark  and  hate 
the  light.  Make  all  the  dark  places  of 

the  world  light.  Let  a  lot  of  sunshine  in — 
into  the  houses,  and  stables  and  pens— 

into  the  hearts  and  souls  of  men — and 

there  will  be  far  less  sickness,  sorrow  and 
crime.  Scrub  and  scrape  each  affected 
part  and  when  dry  rub  in  a  little  iodine 
ointment.  Repeat  the  application  each 
other  day  until  the  skin  is  sound. 

Heifer  With  Cough. 

I  have  a  beautiful  heifer  27  months  old, 
with  a  calf  over  three  weeks  old.  The 
heifer  has  a  cough.  She  is  in  fine  condi¬ 
tion,  does  not  seem  to  be  ailing  in  any 
way.  What  do  you  think  can  be  done  for 
her?  The  calf  is  a  line  thrifty  one. 

Maryland.  w-  K- 

Cough  often  Is  a  symptom  of  tubercu¬ 
losis,  but  less  likely  to  be  due  to  that  dis¬ 
ease  in  a  young  heifer  than  in  an  old  cow. 
Still  no  one  can  tell  what  is  the  cause  by  a 
simple  examination.  Tuberculosis  may  be 
the  cause  and  yet  no  manifestation  of  the 
disea.se  be  present.  It,  therefore,  always  is 
well  to  test  with  tuberculin  to  make  sure 
one  way  or  another.  Such  a  test  is  re¬ 
liable  and  absolutely  harmless  to  an  unaf¬ 
fected  animal.  In  young  cattle  lung  worm* 
(strongylus  micrurus)  often  cause  cough,  and 
they  tend  to  throw  off  the  trouble  as  they 
gain  in  age  and  strength,  provided  they  are 
well  fed.  The  worms  or  their  eggs  may  be 
found  in  the  saliva  or  discharge  from  nose 
and  mouth.  A  veterinarian  can  give  suc¬ 
cessful  treatment  by  hypodermic  .injection 
into  the  trachea  (windpipe).  For  cough 
glyco-heroin  in  ounce  doses  two  or  three 
times  daily  will  be  found  to  give  relief. 

Unnerving. 

Will  you  inform  fe  whether  nerving  will 
stop  a  horse  from  going  lame  for  all 
time?  Cause  of  lameness  ringbone.  Will 
a  horse  lose  his  foot  in  a  short  time  after 
being  nerved?  c.  H.  T. 

Massachusetts. 

Unnerving  usually  proves  a  permanent  re¬ 
lief  for  lameness  due  to  ringbone,  if  it  is 
properly  done  by  an  expert.  Where  the 
portion'  of  nerve  removed  is  too  short  union 
or  a  tumor  may  follow  and  lameness  re¬ 
turn.  Sloughing  of  the  hoof  is  compara¬ 
tively  rare  as  a  result  of  unnerving.  It 
may  happen  if  the  foot  is  diseased  at  time 
of  operation,  or  if  a  nail  prick  or  other  in¬ 
jury  occurs  after  unnerving.  It  commonly 
follows  unnerving  in  the  mule.  The  opera¬ 
tion  should  only  be  performed  when  a 
fore  foot  is  involved.  For  ringbone  lame¬ 
ness  of  the  hind  foot  have  puncture-firing 
and  blistering  done  by  a  qualified  veterin¬ 
arian.  A.  S.  A. 


SUNSHINE 

AND 

Scott’s  Emulsion 


are  the  two  great  creators  of 
energy.  You  can  get  along 
without  Scott’s  Emulsion  if 
you  have  enough  sunshine, 
but  for  the  millions  who 
don’t  get  much  sunshine, 

Scott’s  Emulsion 

is  absolutely  necessary. 
You  can  always  get  Scott’s 
Emulsion.  Get  sunshine, 
too,  whenever  you  can. 


Millr  iif'apc  for  New  "\orlc  C  ity  market 

lull  it  riuuutcia  desiring  information  liow  to 
form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albkut  Manning,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 


SHROPSHIRES 

breeding  right. 


—  100  yearling  ewes;  40 

_ yearling  rams.  Price  and 

FRED  VAN  VLKET.  LODI,  N.Y. 


COLLIE  PUPS 


—From  imported  stock.  Females 
cheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City.  Pa. 


D 


CATTUE 


LWflf,  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  usod  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possildo  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somerville,  N.  J. 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  booklets  Free 

HOLSTEI N-FRI  ESI  AN  ASSN  OF  AMERICA 
F.  L.  HOUGHTON,  SEC1  Y,  BOX  105.  BRATTLEBORO.VT. 


L  To  Avoid  Inbreeding,  We  Will  Sell  Our 
HERD  BULL 

AMERICA  DE  Tv  O  L  BURKE. 

A  great  son  of  the  great  De  Kol  Burke.'  It  will 
pay  you  to  come  and  see  him.  Write  for  pedigree. 
Also,  four  months  Bull  Calf  for  sale 

€1.0 VEI5P ALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

C,  S.  Irunt,  Owner  J.  J.  Eden,  Manager 


DAIRY  CALVES— Several  choice  high-grade  Holstein 
and  Guernsey  Bull  Calves,  3  to  4  weeks  old,  $15 
each,  crated  to  ship  anywhere.  Also  registered 
bulls  of  each  breed.  Edgewold  Farm,  Whitewater,  Wis. 


TTUVI?  CAT  I?  HOLSTEIN  BULL  CALVES 
-FYAIV  k3Yvl-/Il/  sired  by  Kiog  Pontiac  But¬ 
ter  Boy  C.2729,  a  grandson  of  'Heugerveld  De  Kol, 
and  whose  dam  has  25.08  lbs.  in  seven  days  and 
] ‘10.07  lbs.  In  thirty  days;  Jr.,  three  old,  and  from 
fine  large  A.  B.  O.  cows.  From  $25  up.  OSWEGO 
ltlVEK  STOCK  FARMS,  Phoknix,  N.  Y. 


LV.”  Fern’s  Jubilee  No.  73852 

A.  J.  0.  C.,  is  one  of  the  best  butter  bred  bulls 
in  the  world,  investigate.  Then  order  one  of  his 
young  sons  before  it  is  too  late.  Nothing  over  three 
months  old  on  hand  at  present.  Address 

J  GRANT  MORSE,  -:-  Laurel  Farm,  -;-  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 


Breed  Up-Not  Dowr^r^'S 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  R.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Eureka  Stock  FanrSfiffiS. ,WuK?5 

years  old.  Chester  White,  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  Pups  and  a  variety 
Of  poultry.  Send  two-cent  stamp  for  circular. 

EDWARD  WALTER,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


MAPLE  HURST  STOCK  FARMS,  Guilford,  Conn.,  offer  lor 
sale  4  Jersey  Bull  Calves  eligible  for  registry, 
7  Guernsey  Bull  Calves  eligible  to  registry.  Jer¬ 
seys  headed  by  Hood  Farm  Pogis,  Guernseys  headed 
by  imnorted  Fantine's  Zac  Taylor.  Splendid 
specimens  of  both  breeds.  Four  magnificent  Berk¬ 
shire  Boar  Pigs  eligible  to  registry.  Sired  by  Hood 
Farm  Rex  and  dam  Hood  Farm  Dinah.  Also  20 
8  weeks  old  Chester  White  Pigs.  One  11  months 
old  Chester  White  Boar.  20  s.ngle  and  double 
comb  R.  I.  Red  Cockerels,  Tuttle  strain.  The 
above  stock  is  guaranteed  and  the  price  Is  right. 


GUERNSEY  BULLS  For  SALE 

If  you  wish  to  purchase  a  high-class  Guernsey 
Bull  of  good Adv.  It.  breeding,  write  to 

OTTO  W.  POST,  Ensknore,  N.  Y. 


— Combination  and  Golden  Lad;  for 
sale,  2  cows,  7  heifers,  3  bulls. 

S.  E.  NIVIN,  Landenburg,  Pa. 


:  SWI3NTE 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  ,  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  ,  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


I  ARGE  BERKS  HIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD-m 

each  of  the  last  three  volumes  of  American  Berkshire  Kecord 
we  sold  ami  registered  more  Berkshire**  thau  any  other  breeder 
in  the  United  States.  The  large  proportion  went  to  old  custom, 
ers.  This  speaks  for  itself.  1LC.  &  II. It.  Harpendlng,  Dundee,  N.Y- 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.  ^ze„0^ 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson’s  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Proprietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


LARGE  BERKSHIRES 

Sows  ltred  for  spring  farrow.  August  and 
September  pigs  from  litters  averaging  ten. 

.  .  .  Catalogue  on  application  .  .  . 

WILLOUGHBY  FARM,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 


Reg.  P.  Chinas,  Berkshires,  C.  Whites. 

Fine,  large  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 
Pups,  Beagles  and  Poultry.  Write  for 
prices  &  circulars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Middletown,  Pa 

SOMETHING  NICE— Duroc.  Jersey  Swine,  Partrilge 
and  Golden  Rock  Chickens,  Bourbon  Red 
Turkeys,  Embden  Geese,  Crested  White  Ducks. 

J.  H.  LEWIS,  R.  No.  2,  Cadiz.  Ohio. 


PHELDON 

O  Bred 


FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNES,  Oxford,  N.  Y. 


THE  BIG,  DEEP  FELLOWS 

_ _ _ that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 

Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SH  P.  NANDO  RIVER  FARMS.  Transfer.  Pa. 


DUROCS 


purCUIRCO— THE  WHITE,  BACON  HOG. 

ontoninco  Long-bodied.  Square-built,  good 
grazers,  good  mothers,  gentle,  profitable. 

MORNING  SIDE  FARM,  Sylvania,  Pa. 


Reduce  That  Feed  Bill 

Increase  your  milk  supply  at  tlie 
same  time  by  feeding  Dried  Brewers 
Grains  and  Malt  Sprouts.  Send  for 
our  valuable  descriptive  booklet  on 
Points  for  Stock  Feeders. 

Farmers  Feed  Co., 

76th  St.  East  River,  New  York  City. 


L? 

THE  PERCHERON  SOCIETY  OF  AMERICA 

Has  just  increased  its  capital  stock  to 
$100,000.  10,000  shares  of  $10  each.  3.000 

shareholders,  Nov.  28,  1910.  100  breeders 

have  taken  membership  since  Dec.  1st. 
Ninety-five  per  cent  of  the  Percheron 
breeders  of  America  record  with  the 
Percheron  Society.  *  *  #  *  * 

Information  pertaining  Percherons  furnished.  Address 

WAYNE  DINSMORE,  Secretary, 
Union  Stock  Yards,  Chicago,  III. 

ERCHERON 

STALLIONS  and  MARES 

Imported  and  home-bred.  The  best  lot  ever 
shown  in  this  country.  Quality,  price,  guarantee  right. 
For  30  years  an  Importer  and  breeder  of  prize  winners. 

E  L  W  O  O  D  S  .  AKIN 
170  South  Street. _ Auburn,  N.  Y. 

KENTUCKY  MAMMOTH  JACKS,  JEN¬ 
NETS  and  SADDLE  HORSES. 

Wo  are  the  Largost  Breeders  in  America  of  Mam¬ 
moth  Jacks.  Hampshire  and  Tamworth  hogs.  Stock 
of  all  ages  for  sale.  J.  F.  COOK  8  CO.,  Lexington,  Ky. 

For  Sale  or  Exchange-^™ 

old  .TACK,  nose  and  breast  mouse  color,  15bi  hands 
high:  weighs  about  950  lbs.  Will  sell  or  exchange 
for  registered  Holstein  cattle  or  registered  Shet¬ 
land  pony  mares,  or  Percheron  stallion. 

S.  H.  ROBISON,  814  Walnut  St.,  Philadelphia. 

On  Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 

OU  at  farmers’  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station.  East  Orwell,  O.. 
on  Penna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O. 

To  Avoid  Inbreeding 

We  Will  Sell  Our  Pure-Bred  Suffolk  Stallion 


Horses  and  Mules 


it, 


9  9 


He  stands  16  hands,  seven  years  old,  sound,  kind, 
gentle,  and  will  work  in  auy  spot  or  place.  This  is 
a  tried  sire  and  his  col's  can  be  seen  in  thi6  entire 
section  of  Virginia.  Weight,  1,1100.  Price,  $1,200, 
delivered  at  your  station  in  New  York,  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania  or  Maryland.  F.  W.  OKIE,  Proprie¬ 
tor  Piedmont  Farms,  Marshall,  Ya. 


SWI3XTE 


BERKSHIRE  OR.  DUROC  PIG  given  for  a 


PENNA.  BERK 


your  tm 
SHIRE 


CO. 


PIG 

Stamp  for  particulars. 
Fannettsburg,  Pa. 


lbs-9IToirfhs 

Jersey  Reds  fatten  easily  8  quickly. 

bmall-honed,  loug-hodied,  vigorous 
Sc  prolific.  Meat  unsurpassed.  Have 
some  choice  offerings  now.  Writ© 
for  catalog  and  prices.  Arthur  J. 

Box  K,  MoorePtown.N.J- 


PUBLIC  SAUK  OF 


CHESHIRE  SWINE 

THE  NEW  YORK  STATE  COLLEGE  OF  AGRICULTURE 

AT  ITHACA,  N.  Y.,  will  sell  about 

Thirty  Young  Boars,  Sows  and  Bred  Sows 

from  its  prize- winning  herd  on 

FRIDAY  of  FARMERS’  WEEK,  Feb.  24th 

At  2  o’clock  P.  M. 

Also,  at  the  same  time  and  place, 

5  Holstein  Cows  &  Heifers  and  5  Bull  Calves 

from  A.  R.  O.  stock,  and 

Three  Jersey  Bull  Caives 

Catalogue  ready  Feb.  10th.  Address 

L2PARTMENT  OF  ANIMAL  HUSBANDRY.  ITHACA,  N.  Y. 


Contains  Full  information  and  complete  Feeding  directions  For  using 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal — The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute 


Three  or  four  calves  can  be  raised  on  it  at  the  cost  of  one  where  milk  is  fed. 
Mo  mill  feed  The  only  calf  meal  manufactured  in  an  exclusive  Calf  Meal  Factory 
Established  at  Leicester,  England,  in  I80ff. 


Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory,  Waukegan,  Ill. 


I'll  1. 


THE  RURAL  NEW -YORKER 


14t 


COW  BARN  VENTILATION. 

My  cow  barn  is  86  feet  long  ;  86  feet  of  it 
is  26  feet  wide,  the  rest  IS)  feet.  It  holds 
25  cows  in  one  straight  row  ;  windows  six 
lights,  8  x  12  inches,  on  each  side.  On 
how  many  windows  shall  I  substitute  cloth 
to  insure  good  ventilation  without  making 
barn  too  cold?  Barn  is  sided  with  one 
thickness  of  matched  stuff.  Also,  would  it 
be  advisable  to  put  two  thicknesses  of  cloth 
with  an  air  space  of  one  inch  between  to 
prevent  too  much  draft  in  windy  weather? 
Barn  is  in  an  exposed  place.  n.  s. 

Falls  Village,  Conn. 

Your  barn  seems  to  be  well  supplied 
with  windows,  so  it  will  not  be  neces¬ 
sary  to  add  any  more.  I  would  sug¬ 
gest  that  you  substitute  cloth  on  12 
windows,  each  of  which  contains  about 
four  square  feet  of  surface.  This  would 
give  you  48  square  feet  of  cloth  ven¬ 
tilators,  or  about  two  square  feet  for 
each  cow.  The  proper  way  to  arrange 
this  system  of  ventilation  is  to  put  the 
cloth  in  every  other  window  on  the 
south  and  east  sides  until  you  have 

about  three-fourths  of  the  cloth  on 
these  two  sides.  This  leaves  but  one- 
fourth  of  the  cloth,  or  enough  for 

about  three  windows  on  the  exposed 

northeast  side.  This  should  be  distributed 
along  the  side  and  not  placed  close  to¬ 
gether.  It  would  be  advisable  to  use 
double  thickness  of  cloth  or  one  thick¬ 
ness  of  a  heavier  grade  in  the  three 
windows  on  the  exposed  northeast  side 
only.  You  should  have  about  half  of 
the  cloth  placed  so  you  can  open  or 
close  the  window  on  the  inside  if  neces¬ 
sary.  This  becomes  necessary  very 

rarely,  as  in  case  of  a  blizzard,  which 
might  force  too  much  air  in  the  barn 
when  in  an  exposed  location.  You 
should  keep  the  temperature  of  your 
stable  at  about  45  degrees  F.,  which 
equires  very  little  attention  on  the  part 
if  the  attendant,  as  this  system  of  ven¬ 
tilation  works  automatically  and  causes 
no  draughts.  c  s.  c. 


Eczema  in  Pigs. 

We  have  tive  young  pigs  running  together. 
They  have  a  nice  large  room  in  barn,  open¬ 
ing  out  into  a  large  barnyard,  where  they 
have  plenty  of  green  feed  and  exercise ;  are 
fed  three  times  a  day  on  warm  mashes  of 
stock  feed,  and  shorts  and  skim-milk ;  have 
clean  water  by  them  at  all  times.  They 
have  good  aDpetites  and  seem  to  be  feeling 
line  except  they  are  continually  scratching 
themselves  and  one  of  the  best  has  a  very 
unhealthy  looking  skin,  all  rough,  scaly  and 
dirty  looking.  She  scratches  until  she  gets 
the  skin  all  off  and  the  flesh  raw  in  places. 
There  are  two  little  Berkshires,  and  they 
are  beginning  to  scratch  too,  and  have  the 
same  rough  look  coming  on  their  sides.  Can 
you  tell  me  of  something  to  do  for  them? 

Massachusetts.  B.  f.  g. 

Stop  feeding  warm  mashes  and  stock 
food.  Feed  lightly  on  skim-milk,  adding 
middlings,  bran,  oatmeal  (screened)  and  a 
little  flaxseed  meal  and  salt.  Add  lime- 
water  at  rate  of  one  ounce  per  quart  of 
Slop.  Dip  pigs  in  a  warm  1-100  solution 
of  coal  tar  dip  and  scrub  it  in  with  a 
brush.  Repeat  as  required.  See  that  beds 
are  dry  and  clean.  a.  s.  a. 


also  has  a  hacking  cough.  2.  What  is  best 
to  destroy  worms  in  horses?  d.  s.  a. 

North  Carolina. 

1.  As  often  stated  here  heaves  is  incur¬ 
able.  Indigo  water  gives  temporary  relief, 
and  that  is  about  all  that  can  be  expected. 
Fowler’s  solution  of  arsenic  in  half  ounce 
doses  twice  a  day  and  then  three  times  a 
day  usually  proves  soothing.  At  the  same 
time  hay  should  not  be  fed.  Feed  grass  in 
Summer  and  wet  oat  straw  in  Winter.  Feed 
no  bulky  food  at  noon  and  allow  twice  the 
usual  rest  period  before  working  after  a 
meal.  It  is  important  to  keep  the  bowels 
freely  open,  and  for  that  purpose  it  is  well 
to  feed  bran  and  now  and  then  to  adminis¬ 
ter  raw  linseed  oil.  2.  Feeding  raw  pota¬ 
toes  tends  to  clear  the  worms  out  of  the 
intestinal  tract.  Dried  sulphate  of  iron 
(copperas)  is  the  favorite  remedy.  The  dose 
is  from  one  to  two  drams  twice  daily  in 
the  feed  it  may  be  combined  with  dram 
doses  of  flowers  of  sulphur,  salt  and  ground 
gentian  root.  Give  it  for  one  week ;  then 
skip  10  days  and  repeat.  Omit  the  iron  for 
mare  in  foal.  A.  s.  a. 

Loss  of  Calves. 

We  have  recently  lost  three  yearling 
Short-horn  calves  apparently  by  the  same 
disease.  They  stand  around  stupid  ami 
dull,  refuse  to  eat  for  a  few  days,  and  die. 
We  examined  them,  and  they  were  all  alike, 
very  thin,  seemed  all  right  but  the  gall, 
which  was  enlarged  very  much  and  in¬ 
flamed.  Is  there  any  cure  for  this  if  taken 
at  the  first  symptoms,  or  is  it  contagious? 
They  were  in  line  condition,  and  on  good 
pasture.  n.  b.  c. 

Pennsylvania. 

You  do  not  state  age  of  affected  calves, 
nor  are  the  symptoms  clear  enough  to  allow 
of  a  diagnosis  being  made  without  an  in¬ 
vestigation.  The  condition  of  the  gall  blad¬ 
der  may  possibly  be  due  to  stoppage  of  the 
duct,  but  such  a  condition  in  more  than 
a  chance  calf  would  he  unusual.  We  think 
it  highly  probable  that  the  calves  died  from 
indigestion  ;  or  possibly  they  had  blackleg. 
If  another  dies  have  a  graduate  veterinarian 
make  a  post  mortem  examination  to  deter¬ 
mine  cause  of  death.  Blackleg  may  be  pre¬ 
vented  by  vaccination.  On  general  princi¬ 
ples  we  would  advise  you  to  conduct  more 
carefully  the  feeding  of  the  calves. 

a.  s.  A. 

Leaking  Teats. 

I  have  recently  purchased  a  cow  that 
about  two  years  ago  had  a  lump  in  each  of 
her  forward  teats;  the  owner  inserted  a 
quill  to  open  them  and  since  that  time 
milk  has  leaked  from  those  teats.  She 
will  be  fresh  the  fore  part  of  January. 
Gan  you  prescribe  a  remedy?  Would  bath¬ 
ing  the  ends  of  the  teats  with  strong  alum 
water  or  a  strong  tea  of  white* oak  bark 
be  of  any  benefit?  Should  she  be  treated 
befoxe  she  comes  fresh?  i,.  w.  m. 

Pennsylvania. 

Milk  this  cow  three  times  a  day  when 
she  comes  in,  as  that  may  lessen  distention 
and  strain  so  that  leaking  may  be  less  lia¬ 
ble  to  occur.  The  strong  astringent  lotion 
suggestion  may  do  some  good,  but  it  is 
more  usual  merely  to  coat  the  end  of  the 
teat  with  flexible  collodion  after  milking 
as  a  means  of  preventing  the  leak.  Some 
people  prefer  to  tie  a  wide  tape  or  place  a 
wide,  weak  rubber  band  around  the  teat 
to  accomplish  the  same  end ;  but  these 
measures  generally  result  in  inflammation 
as  a  consequence  of  interference  affecting 
the  circulation  of  the  parts  treated.  Noth¬ 
ing  can  be  done  for  the  cow  while  she  is 
“dry,”  as  regards  improving  the  condition 
of  her  teats.  a.  s.  a. 


Garget. 

I  have  a  cow  whose  one  quarter  of  the 
udder  swells  hard  and  gives  but  little  milk 
w  hen  swollen,  but  at  the  next  milking  that 
quarter  will  be  limp,  swelling  and  hardness 
gone.  The  first  of  the  milk  will  be  very 
luin^--  and  clotted.  This  is  repeated  every 
few  weeks,  and  is  becoming  more  frequent. 
Is  it  garget?  Can  it  be  cured?  Our  veter¬ 
inarian  says  it  cannot.  e.  s.  k. 

Illinois. 

“Garget”  is  a  term  used  to  describe  any 
abnormal  condition  of  the  udder  leading  to 
changes  in  the  consistency  and  appearance 
of  the  milk.  When  a  cow  has  attacks  of 
garget  such  as  you  describe  they  may  be  1 
associated  with  period  attacks  of  indiges-  j 
tion  from  change  of  food,  etc.  In  many 
instances  the  cause  is  tuberculosis  affecting 
the  udder,  hence  we  always  advise  testing 
with  tuberculin  when  a  cow  has  periodic, 
unexplainable  attacks  of  garget.  Have  the 
test  made  in  this  case.  If  she  is  free  from 
tuberculosis  especial  care  will  have  to  be 
taken  to  prevent  indigestion;  also  to  pro¬ 
tect  the  udder  against  bruising  and  chill. 
Treatment  for  garget  has  been  given  sev¬ 
eral  times  of  late  in  these  columns. 

A.  s.  A. 

Heaves;  Worms 

1. 1  have  a  10-ycar-old  horse  that  by  hard 
pulling  two  years  ago  was  what  wo  call 
bellowed  or  wind  broken.  I  have  given  him 
indigo  in  water.  That  gave  him  momentary 
relief.  Is  there  any  permanent  relief?  He  j 


Don’t 
waste  time 
and  money on 
wooden  or 
flimsy  steel  gates 
that  need  constant 
repairs,  when  you  can 
buy  gates  that  are  built 
to  last  a  lifetime,  for  no 
more,  possibly  less  money 
REPUBLIC 
FARM  GATES 
are  neat,  inexpensive,  almost  indes¬ 
tructible.  Fabric  is  of  large,  strong 
wires,  heavily  galvanized.  Frames  of 
high  carbon  extra  heavy  tubular  steel.  Con¬ 
nections  of  malleable  iron  firmly  brace  the  frame.  1 
No  holes  drilled  to  weaken  it.  Easy  to  hang,  light! 
on  hinges.  Can  be  raised  to  clear  snowdrifts  or! 
allow  small  stock  to  pass.  The  Strongest,  mosl| 
economical  gates  made.  W  rite  for  Catalog.  It’s  free. 

Republic  Fence  4  Gate  Co., 

211  Republic  k  St.,  •  •  North  Chicago,  Ill. 


The  1911 

United  States  Separator 

A  MARVEL  OF  EASY  RUNNING 

There  have  been  tremendous  advances  in  the  running 
qualities  of  the  United  States  Cream  Separators. 

The  skimming  power  is  there.  The  same  that  won 
the  world’s  record  in  fifty  consecutive  tests  extending  over 
a  period  of  thirty  days  with  the  milk  of  ten  different  breeds 
of  cows.  .0138  of  one  per  cent. 

BUT — with  the  new  Interlocking  skimming  device,  the 
centrifugal  action  on  the  milk  is  so  intenisfied,  the  course 
along  which  the  milk  is  forced  to  travel  so  lengthened,  the 
skimming  force  so  increased,  that  the  Interlocking  bowl 
for  any  given  capacity  is  reduced  nearly  one-half  and  runs 
with  about  half  the  power  required  for  older  models. 

Now  add  to  this  great  improvement  the  fact  that  the 
United  States  Separator  is  the  only  successful  separator  that 
distributes  the  incoming  volume  of  the  whole  milk  evenly 
outside  the  cream  zone,  thus  preventing  any  remixing 
of  cream  and  skimmilk,  and  you  will  see  why  it  is  that  the 
Interlocking  Style  U.  S.  Separator  is  gradually  displacing 
every  other  separator  on  the  market. 

A  free  demonstration  will  be  given  by  selling  agents  who 
are  located  in  nearly  all  dairy  sections  of  the  country.  Ask 
for  catalogue  key  159  today  and  we  will  give  you  agent’s  name. 

VERMONT  FARM  MACHINE  CO.,  BELLOWS  FALLS,  VERMONT 


CULTIVATE  i  OFTEN 


and  you  hold  the  moisture 
in  the  ground.  Cultivate 
shallow  or  deep  as  the  crop 
needs  it  and  you  release  the 
forgotten  or  unknown  soil 
properties  which  nrc  needed 
to  make  the  crop  grow  prop¬ 
erly.  We  have  been  making 
farm  tools  for  75  years  ana 
think  we  have,  as  good  a  lino 
of  Killing  Cultivators  os  you 
need  to  chooso  from. 


UtOHME 


RIDING  CULTIVATORS 


nre  long  lived  machines — adjustable  for  rows  28  to  50 
inches,  while  in  motion— teeth  adjustable  for  depth  and 
angle — pivot  or  fixed  wheel,  sue  row  or  two— high  or  low 
wheels— work  well  on  hillsides— farm  close 
and  true.  A  complete  lino.  Our  Anniver¬ 
sary  Catalog  will  ahow  you — also,  potato 
machinery,  garden  wheel  hoes  and  drills, 
etc.  Address 

BATEMAN  M'F’G  CO. 

Box  U»2?  GRENLOCH.N. J. 


Virginia  Farms  and  Homes. 

FREE  CATALOGUE  OF  SPLENDID  BARGANS 
K.  B.CHAFIT1N  &  CO.,  Inc.,  Richmond, Va. 


WANTR1  "GENTS  TO  SELL  FARMERS’  ACCOUNT  BOOK. 

/v  •  ,  Busy  to  sell.  Big  inducements.  Act 
Quick.  Address,  L.  Ji.  SYPH1SRS.  Ft.  Wayne,  lud. 

IRON  AND  Wli  REL  FENCES 

/eyafev.  - - - 


For  All  Purposes  High  Grade  Catalog  Free 

ENTERPRISE  FOUNDRY  ft  FENCE  CO. 
1225  East  24th  Strsst  :  INDIANAPOLIS,  INDIANA 


ey'OtleO'v 


AVAI  AUr  Fences  and  Gates  for  Farm,  Homo, 
la  V  la LUII  r  Parks  or  Cemeteries.  Increase  prop¬ 
erty  values.  Strong:,  Lasting:,  Hand¬ 
some.  Easily  erected— all  heights  up  to  10  feet.  Our 
catalog:  and  prices  will  interest  you.  We  pay  freight. 

the  cyclone  Woven  Wire  fence  Co. 

1237  C  86TH  STREET  CLEVELAND,  OHIO 


TT  is  cheaper  and  more  profitable  to  feed  a  ground,  kiln- 
-*■  dried,  properly  “balanced”  feed  that  will  produce  the  best^^^k 
Y  results  from  till  your  stock — horses,  hogs,  sheep  and  cows.  This^^ 
avoids  waste  in  handling  and  storing  and  saves  time  in  feeding.  Such  a^ 
feed  will  produce  more  horse  power — more  milk — more  fat  than  is  possible 
from  your  whole  grains.  It  pays  better  to  sell  your  whole  grains  and  feed 


which  19  so  scientifically  blended  and  balanced,  that  stock  obtain  far  more  foo< 
value  without  any  waste  than  atiy  other  feed  you  can  use.  Being  ground  and  kiln 
dried  you  don  t  pay  for  moisture*— it  quickly  assimilates — is  easily  digested — pro¬ 
duces  most  profit  at  least  cost.  Composed  of  corn,  oats,  barley  and  wheat  A 
grain  ration  that  is  all  food — no  waste.  A  test  will  surprise  you.  As  a  dairy 
ration  to  increase  the  milk  flow  it  is  recommended  that  an  addition  of  some  highly 
concentrated  feed  be  included  With  Sterling  Feed,  such  as  linseed  meal,  cotton, 
seed  meal,  etc.  Try  it.  At  your  dealers,  if  not,  write  to  us. 


143 


THIS  KAJKAD  NEVV-VOKKER 


February  4, 


FEEDING  PROBLEMS. 

Under  this  heading  we  endeavor  to  give  advice 
and  suggestions  about  feeding  mixtures  of  grains 
and  fodders.  No  definite  rules  are  given,  but  the 
advice  is  based  upon  experience  and  average 
analyses  of  foods-  By  ‘  protein”  is  meant  the 
elements  in  iheLood  which  go  to  make  muscle  or 
lean  meat.  “Carbohydrates”  comprise  the  starch, 
sugar,  etc.,  which  make  fat  and  provide  fuel  for 
the  body,  while  “fat”  is  the  pure  oil  found  in 
foods.  Dry  matter”  means  the  weight  of  actual 
food  left  in  fodder  or  grain  when  all  the  water  is 
driven  off.  A  “narrow  ration”  means  one  In  which 
the  proportion  of  protein  to  carbohydrates  is  close 
—a  "wide”  ration  means  one  which  shows  a  larger 
proportion  of  carbohydrates. 


Rations  with  Home-grown  Grain. 

Will  you  balance  ration  for  me,  using 
oat  and  pea  hay,  shredded,  corn  stover, 
clover  and  Timothy  hay,  as  roughage.  I 
have  plenty  of  ear  corn,  rye,  wheat  and 
buckwheat,  do  my  own  cutting  and  grinding 
with  engine.  I  can  get  the  following  feeds 
at  present  prices :  Bran,  $1.45 ;  gluten, 
$1.50;  linseed,  $2;  Atlantic  grains,  $1.75.  I 
should  like  to  use  home-grown  grains  as 
much  as  possible,  but  can  sell  rye,  wheat 
and  buckwheat  at  good  prices  if  prefer¬ 
able.  Is  it  any  advantage  to  wet  cut 
stover  and  mix  grain  on  it  for  the  cows,  or 
can  we  get  same  result  from  feeding  all 
rations  dry?  Cow-s  have  plenty  of  water 
before  them  at  all  times.  Also  please  give 
rations  for  work  horses,  using  corn,  oats 
and  rye,  with  some  wheat  if  preferred.  This 
to  be  chopped  and  feed  morning  and  night, 
with  noon  feed  of  oats  and  ear  corn.  What 
amount  (by  weight!  per  100  pounds  of  live 
weight  per  day?  -  C.  F.  J. 

Pennsylvania. 

Here  is  a  balanced  ration  compounded 
from  the  feeding,  stuffs  mentioned  that 
ought  to  give  good  satisfaction : 

Digestiblo 

Carb. 


Dry  matter 

Protein 

and  fat 

7  lbs.  oat  and  pea  hay. 

.6.02 

.52 

2.761 

8  lbs.  corn  stover  .  .  .  . 

.4.8 

.136 

2.72 

7  lbs.  mixed  bay . 

.  6.09 

.434 

3.22 

3  lbs.  corn  &  cob  meal 

.2.55 

.132 

1.995 

2  lbs.  gluten  feed  .  .  .  . 
2  lbs.  linseed  meal. .  . . 

.  1.8 

.464 

1.398 

.1.82 

.586 

.97 

I  lb.  Atlantic  grains.  . 

.  .92 

.23 

.55 

24. 

2.502 

13.614 

Nutritive  ratio  1  :5.4. 


I  would  advise  selling  the  rye,  wheat 
and  buckwheat  and  buying  feeds  con¬ 
taining  a  higher  percentage  of  protein. 
As  far  as  the  digestibility  of  the  feed 
is  concerned  experiments  show  that  dry 
feed  is  just  as  .  digestible  as  wet  or 
steamed  feed.  The  first  requisite  of 
any  ration,  however,  is  that  it  must  be 
palatable  or  cows  will  not  eat  enough 
of  it  to  produce  a  satisfactory  flow  of 
milk.  Therefore,  if  by  steaming  the 
cut  corn  stover  a  few  hours  before 
feeding  you  can  get  your  cows  to  eat 
more  feed,  it  is  evident  the  production 
of  milk  will  increase  correspondingly. 
The  proper  way  - to  prepare  the  feed  is 
to  place  the  cut  stover  in  a  box  or  in 
a  heap  on  the  floor  and  pour  boiling 
water  over  it  several  hours  before  feed¬ 
ing,  covering  it  with  an  old  blanket 
in  the  meantime.  The  dry  grain  is  then 
mixed  with  the  wet  stover  just  before 
feeding.  Cows  are  very  fond  of  this 
feed  when  properly  prepared  and 
thoroughly  mixed.  You  can  figure  for 
yourself  after  a  short  trial  whether  the 
increased  production  pays  for  the  extra 
labor  or  not. 

A  good  ration  for  horses  working 
hard  every  day  is  corn,  oats  and  rye 
ground  together,  equal  parts  by  weight. 
You  can  feed  corn  and  oats  at  noon  if 
you  prefer.  See  that  the  hay  is  not 
dusty  and  feed  very  little  in  the  morn¬ 
ing  and  at  noon.  The  night  feed  of  hay 
should  be  the  heaviest.  It  is  impossible 
for  me  to  state  the  exact  quantity  to 
feed,  as  a  horse  should  be  fed  accord¬ 
ing  to  his  appetite  and  the  work  he  is 
doing.  There  is  also  a  great  difference 
in  horses  of  the  same  size  and  doing  the 
same  amount  of  work  in  regard  to  the 
quantity  of  feed  required  to  keep  in 
good  flesh.  c.  s.  g. 

Balancing  a  Ration. 

Will  you  tell  me  what  you  think  of  our 
feed  ration  as  to  balance?  We  estimate 
three  quarts  dry  brewers'  grains,  three 
quarts  cob  meal,  two  quarts  bran,  one  pint 
of  cotton-seed  meal  to  a  cow,  and  feed  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  amount  of  milk  a  cow  is 
giving  (say  a  cow  that  give  live  quarts 
half  what  a  cow  gets  that  gives  10  quarts). 
For  bulk  feed  we  give  twice  a  day  corn¬ 
stalks,  once  clover  hay.  We  ship  our  milk 
to  Trenton.  Our  cows  are  all  grades  and 
mixed.  A-  E-  B- 

Trenton,  N.  J. 

As  near  as  .  I  can  figure  from  the 
amounts  given  you  are  feeding  approxi¬ 
mately  the  following  ration  : 


I  )rv 

Pro- 

Carb’s 

Feeding  stuffs.  Matter. 

tein. 

and  Fat. 

Corn  stover,  15  lbs.  9. 

.255 

5.16 

Clover  bay,  8  lbs..  6.8 

.544 

3.168 

Dry  brewers’  grains, 

3  lbs .  2.76 

.471 

1.434 

Coin  and  cob  meal. 

4  lbs .  3.4 

.176 

2.66 

Wheat  bran,  1%  lbs.  1.32 

.183 

.679 

Cotton-seed  meal,  1 

lbs . 92 

.372 

.444 

24.2 

2.001 

13.545 

Nutritive  ratio  1  :  0.7. 


While  this  ration  contains  the  proper 
amount  of  dry  matter  for  an  average¬ 
sized  cow,  also  of  carbohydrates  and  fat, 
it  is  very  low  in  protein,  which  gives  it 
a  wide  nutritive  ratio  of  1 :6.7,  instead 
of  1 :5.4.  By  changing  this  ration  a  lit¬ 
tle  as  shown  in- the  following  analysis 
we  have  nearly  a  balanced  ration  and 


one  that  will  be  much  more  satisfactory 
for  the  production  of  milk. 


•Feeding  stuffs 
Clover  hay,  8  lbs.. 
Corn  stover,  12  lbs. 
Dry  brcwers’grains, 

4  lbs . 

Corn  and  cob  meal, 

4  lbs . 

Wheat  bran,  1 14  lbs. 
Cotton-seed  meal,  2 
lbs  . 


Dry 
Matter. 
G.8 
6.96 


Pro¬ 

tein. 

.544 

.30 


3.6S  .628 


3.4 

1.32 


.176 

.183 


1.84  .744 


Garb’s 
and  Fat- 
3.168 
4.476 

1.912 

2.66 

.679 

.888 


24. 


2.575  13.783 


Nutritive  ratio  1  :  5.35. 

Stale  Bread  for  Cows. 

Is  stale  rye  bread  mixed  with  beet, 
sprouts  and  water  any  good  for  milch 
cows?  Especially,  is  stale  bread  good  for 
cows  in  milk?  M.  k. 

New  Jersey. 

I  have  never  fed  stale  rye  bread  to 
dairy  cows,  but  have  had  considerable 
experience  feeding  stale  wheat  bread  to 
other  kinds  of  live  stock  and  can  see 
no  reason  why  the  rye  bread  should  not 
be  good  feed  for  dairy  cows  provided 
it  is  not  sour  or  musty.  I  would  not 
advise  wetting  it  before  feeding,  but 
would  prefer  to  dry  it  hard  and  then 
grind  fine  with  a  common  feed  mill. 

_  C.  S.  G. 

Value  of  Hand  Separators. — Some  one 
asked  several  weeks  ago  whether  to  get 
a  separator  for  a  few  cows.  1  should  say 
yes.  I  have  two,  three  or  four  cows,  never 
more  than  four.  I  bought  a  separator  a 
few  years  ago  costing  about  $35.  Before 
buying  the  separator  I  had  to  spend  prob¬ 
ably  $10  or  $12  each  Winter  to  put  up 
ice,  besides  the  labor  of  getting  it  in  the 
tank  later,  and  then  the  ice  would  not  last 
as  long  as  the  hot  weather.  Now  I  can  get 
along  without  any  ice.  E.  s.  b. 

-  Connecticut. 

IVZROW  should 
pull 
Prom  ifit 


Furnished  with 


Solid  or  Cutaway  Discs 

You  can  save  half  the  time  and  labor  till¬ 
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Figure  what  that  means  in  dollars-saviug 
to  you  ?  Ask  for  the  proof.  Let  us  tell  you 
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Fads.  Write  today  for  Free  Book  No.  49 

THE  WM.  FETZER  CO.,  Sprlnglield,  III. 


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“Keep  chickens,” 


says  the  FARM  JOURNAL, 

and  live  better 
at  less  cost. 


THOUSANDS  of  families,  in  city  and  country,  have  found 

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Sometimes  the  back-yard  plant  grows  into  a  large  business,  like  those  of 
Corning,  Curtiss,  and  Foster,  who  make  many  thousands  of  dollars  a  year. 

Raising  chickens  pays  if  you  know  how,  whether  you  keep  a  dozen  hens, 
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of  any  of  these  three  splendid  modern  poultry-hooks,  which  tell 
the  experience  and  methods  of  the  most  successful  modern  poultry-raisers. 

These  methods  have  allbeen/wiVtJby  actual  experience  and  proved  successful.  The  Farm 
Journal  stands  back  of  them,  for  it  has  investigated  them  and  knows.  rl  hey  can  be  used  with 
six  hens  or  six  thousand.  Of  the  Corning  Egg-l!ook  alone,  OVIilt  100,000  COPIES  were 
sold  in  one  year.  Many  are  using  these  methods  with  splendid  success  and  profit.  g 


U’rkvnind  Fl'rfd.Rnnlr  is  the  great  guide-book  for  back-yard 
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men  in  poor  health,  with  no  experience,  starting  with  thirty  hens,  built  up  in 
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$6.41  a  voar  per  lien.  These  men  learned  how  to  make  hens  lay  the  most  eges  in 
winter,  when  they  get  60  and  70  cents  a  dozen.  This  book  tells  how  they  found  the  best  breed, 
why  they  raise  only  white-shelled,  sterile  eggs,  how  they  keep  hens  LAYING  A  LI* 
WINTER,  when  they  hatch  chicks  to  do  their  best  laying  in  January,  how  to  mix  the  feed 
that  produces  most  eggs,  and  how  their  whole  system  works  to  that  one  end,  eggs,  eggs, 
EGGS.  It  gives  photographs  and  complete  working  plans  of  their  buildings,  which  you  can 
build  in  sections,  large  or  small  as  needed. 


U’nt-ticc  PrYiilfrTr  Rnnlr  tells  how  Roy  Curtiss,  a  farmer’s  boy, 

V^Urilob  JL  U  Lilli  y  HUtllv  starting  with  a  few  neglected  bens,  has  built  up 
at  Niagara  Farm  one  of  the  best-payinrz  poultry  plants  in  the  world.  Boy  agreed  that 

if  his  father  would  furnish  feed,  he  (Roy)  would  supply  eggs  and  chickens  for  the  farm  table,  and  all  left  over  were  to 
belong  to  him.  In  two  years  Roy  was  using  so  much  feed  that  his  father  had  to  cry  quits,  but  the  boy  kept  ngnt  on.  His 
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Such  a  guide  as  the  Curtiss  Poultry  Kook,  would  have  saved  them  thousands  of  dollars.  This  capital  book  was 
written  right  at  Niagara  Farm  by  the  veteran  poultryman,  Michael  K..  Boyer.  He  says  he  never  saw  a  general 
poultry  plant  so  well  managed.  Every  day  shipments  go  off,  every  day  money  comes  in.  Their  percentage  of  fertile 
eggs,  of  live,  strong  chickens  hatched,  of  day-old  chicks  shipped  without  loss,  is  really  wonderful.  This  book  Kjves  all 
their  methodsand  feed  formulas,  tested  and  improved  by  years  of  experience.  Many  pictures.  'Whether  you  raise  chickens, 
ducks,  or  eggs,  have  a  dozen  fowls  or  thousands,  you  will  find  in  this  book  help  that  you  can  get  in  no  other  way. 


it  is  a  remarkable  collection  of  successful 

^  JT  U  Lilli  y  CSCl/I  CIO  “wrinkles’' in  poultry-raising,  secured  and  edited  by 

Michael  K.  Boyer  (known  to  poultrymen  as  “  Uncle  Mike”).  Many  of  these  were  treasured 

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W.  R.  Curtiss  tells  his  successful  method  of  hatching  50  per  cent,  more  pullets  than  cockerels;  the  Philo  System 
is  described  and  explained ;  the  “15-cerits-a-bushel”  and  “8-cents-a-bushel”  green  feed  secrets;  secrets  of  the  Angell, 
Palmer,  and  Hogan  Systems;  Boyer’s  method  of  absolutely  insuring  fertility  of  eggs  for  hatching;  Townsend  s  system 
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It  has  a  fine  poultry  department,  more  valuable  than  most  poultry  papers.  It 
is  a  favorite  paper  with  housekeepers.  Clean,  clever,  cheerful,  amusing, 
intensely  practical.  Cut  to  fit  everybody,  young  or  old,  village,  suburbs,  or 
rural  routes.  Unlike  any  other  paper  and  always  has  been. 


On  any  one-dollar  offer,  if  your  order  is  mailed  within 
TEN  DAYS  of  tlie  date  of  this  paper,  we  will  send  you  also 
the  famous  Poor  Richard  Almanac  for  1911,  full  of  wit  and 
w  isdom  for  the  rural  home.  Address  your  letter  just  like  this:— 

FARM  JOURNAL,  BO  Clifton  St.,  Philadelphia. 


1»11. 


1-43 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


MIL 

New  York  exchange  price  is  $1.S1  per 
40-quart  can,  netting  3%  cents  to  shippers 
in  26-cent  freight  zone  who  have  no  addi¬ 
tional  station  charges. 

Some  of  the  farmers  peddle  their  own 
milk  and  get  eight  cents  per  quart,  and 
others  sell  by  the  100  pounds  and  get 
from  $1.90  to  $2  per  100.  F.  f.  s. 

Poland,  O. 


Milk  around  La  Salle  (population,  11,000) 
is  generally  sold  directly  from  the  farmer 
to  consumer.  There  are  seven  or  eight 
farmers  to  one  dealer  running  milk  wagons 
here.  The  retail  price  is  seven  cents  per 
quart;  wholesale,  about  15  to  20  cents 
per  gallon.  The  city  health  officer  tests 
samples  for  butter  fat  every  month  or  so, 
which  is  the  only  inspection  milk  gets 
here.  There  is  a  movement  on  foot  to  estab¬ 
lish  a  modern  milk  station  in  La  Salle,  the 
purpose  of  which  is  to  supply  clean  and 
modified  milk  to  the  needy  and  poorer 
classes  of  sick  infants  of  La  Salle  and 
neighboring  towns.  Butter  sells  here  at 
from  35  to  40  cents  per  pound  ;  fresh  eggs, 
40  cents  per  dozen  ;  hay,  $18  to  $20  a  ton  ; 
corn,  about  38  cents,  and  oats,  about  30 
cents  per  bushel.  p.  a.  w. 

La  Salle,  Ill. 

I  am  getting  at  present  18  cents  pel- 
gallon  in  Lorain,  which  is  the  price  in 
Cleveland ;  a  few  may  be  getting  more, 
some  less.  You  will  see  by  the  notice  below 
it  has  been  cut  to  16  cents  after  the  16th  of 
this  month  : 

“  We  wish  to  notify  you  that  from  the 
10th  of  January  we  will  pay  16  cents  per 
gallon  for  milk.  We  agreed  to  pay  the 
market  price  of  milk,  and  as  this  is  the 
price  now,  we  feel  that  is  all  we  can  pay.” 

The  price  to  the  consumer  remains  the 
same— which  is  seven  cents  per  quart  in 
I-orain  and  eight  cents  in  Cleveland — up 
to  April  1,  when  they  drop  one  cent  a 
quart  generally.  These  two  cities  work 
together  in  making  prices  to  the  producer. 
You  see  this  drop  goes  to  fill  their  pockets, 
and  the  consumer  is  not  benefited  by  it. 

Oberlin,  O.  w.  H.  h. 


MILK  PRODUCED  AT  A  LOSS. 

The  item  from  W.  H.  IX,  page  49,  and 
The  R.  N.-Y.  note  following,  prompt  me  to 
write.  The  milk  consumed  in  the  city  of 
New  Y'ork  is  made  at  a  loss  to  the  pro¬ 
ducer.  All  milk  for  the  New  York  market 
is  made  under  sanitary  inspection.  This 
inspection  is  under  the  management  of  the 
New  York  City  Board  of  Health,  whose 
agents  inspect  the  stables,  milking  utensils, 
milk  cooling,  milkers’  clothing,  etc.,  and 
require  that  a  competent  veterinarian  ex¬ 
amine  the  cattle  periodically.  The  cost  of 
fodder  and  grain  is  practically  the  same 
in  the  other  four  States  producing  milk  for 
New  York  City  as  it  is  in  Massachusetts. 
This  month  the  Bordens  price  is  $2.10  per 
100  pounds — the  highest  it  has  ever  been 
since  1  can  remember.  The  New  York  Milk 
Exchange  price  is  four  cents  per  quart,  or 
$1.88  per  100  pounds.  How  do  dairymen 
maintain  themselves  and  sell  their  milk 
at  a  loss?  The  dairyman  raises  his  pas¬ 
ture,  fodder  and  at  least  a  part  of  his 
grain  feed.  Instead  of  selling  these  at  the 
market  price  he  feeds  them  to  his  cows 
and  gets  less  than  enough  milk  from  the 
cows  to  pay  market  price  for  food  con¬ 
sumed.  He  probably  also  raises  some  po¬ 
tatoes.  rye,  buckwheat,  apples  and  poultry. 
I  hose  are  _  sold  and  the  price  therefor  is 
invested  in  western  grain  by-products 
which  are  fed  to  the  cows  who  do  not  re¬ 
turn  him  100  cents  to  the  dollar  invested. 
The  milk  which  the  average  cow  gives  will 
not  bring  enough  in  the  New  York  City 


wholesale  market  to  pay  for  the  feed  she 
eats.  I  congratulate  the  city  of  New 
York  on  its  abundant  supple  of  pure,  clean 
milk  at  a  price  to  the  consumer  lower  than 
almost  any  other  article  of  food  of  equal 
value,  hut  the  producer  should  have  a  living 
profit  from  its  production.  G.  g.  gibbs. 

New  Jersey. 


Lice  on  Calves. 


The  indications  are  that  the  Dairymen’s 
League  is  entering  upon  a  period  of  its 
most  rapid  growth  since  its  organization. 
Several  prominent  speakers  have  volun¬ 
teered  to  go  anywhere  the  milk  producers 
wish  assistance  in  forming  branches  of  the 
organization.  This  assistance  can  be  se¬ 
cured  without  expense  to  the  locality  by 
applying  to  the  secretary,  Albert  Manning, 
Otisville,  N.  Y. 


The  retail  milk  trade  here,  Geneva,  Ohio, 
is  all  handled  by  the  creamery,  no  peddling 
done  by  farmers.  The  retail  price  is  seven 
cents  per  quart  Winters  and  six  cents  Sum¬ 
mers.  Farmers  who  sell  milk  to  the  cream¬ 
ery  company  get  $1.50  per  100  pounds  the 
year  around,  while  those  who  ship  to  Cleve¬ 
land  get  prices  ranging  from  18  cents  per 
gallon  Winters  to  12  cents  Summers,  less 
1%  cent  per  gallon  transportation  charges. 
Cows  are  scarce  and  very  high.  h.  r.  f. 

The  price  of  milk  here  is  six  cents  per 
quart,  delivered.  There  are  no  dealex-s 
in  milk  here.  Some  of  the  town  people 
keep  a  cow  and  sell  milk  to  their  neigh¬ 
bors,  and  some  of  the  farmers  sell  milk, 
’mere  are  no  dairies  in  this  locality.  One 
man  was  running  a  dairy  and  shipping 
cream,  but  has  sold  his  farm,  so  suppose 
will  have  to  quit.  He  kept  nine  cows. 
Turkeys  sold  here  at  18  cents  jxer  pound, 
live  weight,  at  holidays,  and  chickens  are 
10  cents.  H.  s.  a. 

Hopedale,  O. 

This  is  not  a  dairy  community,  but 
very  few  farmers  keep  more  than  three  or 
four  cows.  The  better  class  of  farmers 
separate  their  milk  and  ship  their  cream 
to  creameries,  doing  their  own  shipping. 
The  price  of  butter  fat  is  28  cents  a  pound ; 
has  not  been  over  32  cents  this  Winter. 
The  wholesale  price  of  milk  in  the  village 
is  12  cents  a  gallon,  retail  six  cents  a 
quart.  Present  price  of  chickens,  10  cents  ; 
turkeys,  17  cents  a  pound.  M.  l.  b. 

No.  Baltimore,  O. 

Milk  sells  for  $1.40  to  $2.10  per  hundred 
to  the  Van  Camp  Condenser  Co.  Some  is 
sent  to  the  creameries,  skimmed  and  re¬ 
turned  ;  prices  for  butter  range  from  20 
to  30  cents  a  pound.  It  is  retailed  in 
bottles  for  five  to  six  cents  per  quart. 
The  Van  Camp  people  get  the  bulk  of  it, 
and  the  Holstein  cow’s  product  ranges 
from  50  cents  to  $1.20  a  day  gross.  Eggs 
are  gathered  by  hucksters  and  go  to  cold 
storage  men  ;  most  of  the  prices  from  10  to 
25  cents  during  Summer,  Winter  25  to  30 
cents.  A  good  many  crates  are  shipped  to 
grocery  firms  and  private  customers  in 
Cleveland  and  Chicago,  who  pay  from  four 
to  12  cents  more  than  local  dealers.  Poul¬ 
try  shipped  to  New  York;  milk,  eggs  and 
poultry  business  pushed  pretty  hard  here. 

Edgerton,  O.  J.  r.  w. 


I  have  a  number  of  calves  six  and  eight 
months  old  that  went  into  Winter  in  good 
ord>r,  but  are  growing  thin  rapidly,  and 
I  find  they  are  covered  with  lice.  1  have 
washed  them  thoroughly  with  strong  to¬ 
bacco  water,  and  it  seems  to  have  no  effect 
on  the  lice,  but  seems  to  weaken  the  calves. 
Can  sulphur  be  fed  to  get  rid  of  them,  and, 
if  so,  in  what  quantities?  Can  you  suggest 
some  other  way  of  getting  rid  of  lice? 

Connecticut.  m.  h.  b. 

Feeding  sulphur  will  not  rid  calves  of 
lice.  Dusting  it  freely  on  the  back  has 
some  effect,  and  so  has  the  feeding ;  but 
one  must  clean  up,  disinfect  and  white¬ 
wash  the  stables,  else  calves  keep  infested 
all  of  the  time.  Pyrethrum  powder  used 
freely  on  the  skin  has  some  effect  on  lice 
when  washing  cannot  be  done.  Calomel  and 
lard  rubbed  along  back  bone  is  effective ;  but 
treated  calves  have  to  be  kept  separate  to 
prevent  licking.  Four  ounces  of  stavesacre 
made  into  a  tea  with  one  gallon  of  boiling 
water  makes  a  sure  destructor  of  lice  on  all 
animals.  a.  s.  a. 

Cow  with  Cough. 

I  have  a  cow  about  nine  years  old  that 
has  a  bad  cough,  also  a  slight  rattling 
in  her  throat  as  she  breathes.  There 
doesn’t  seem  to  be  any  growth  or  swelling. 
She  is  in  good  condition,  appetite  normal, 
and  gives  three  and  one-half  gallons  of  milk 
daily.  Will  be  fresh  about  May  1.  I 
have  been  feeding  a  tonic,  but  it  doesn’t 
seem  to  have  any  effect  one  way  or  an¬ 
other.  How  do  you  apply  the  tuberculin 
test?  c.  h.  p. 

Nebraska. 

Tuberculosis  is  to  be  suspected,  and  the 
cow  should  be  tested  with  tuberculin.  The 
test  should  be  made  by  a  qualified  veteri¬ 
narian  or  some  one  authorized  to  do  such 
work,  Consult  the  veterinarian  of  your 
State  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  as 
to  having  the  test  made.  a.  s.  a. 

Thin  Mare. 

What  can  I  do  for  an  old  mare,  18 
yeax-s  old,  that  is  poor  and  somewhat  knee 
sprung,  that  ran  out  in  pasture  all  Fall? 
Coat  rather  rough,  little  lumps  on  her  hide, 
eats  well.  What  kind  of  liniment  can  I  use 
on  her  legs?  m.  r. 

Have  her  teeth  put  in  order  by  a  veterin¬ 
ary  dentist.  Feed  sound,  old  oats,  bran, 
mixed  hay  and  roots.  Add  a  few  ears 
of  corn  at  noon  in  cold  weather.  Give 
Fowler’s  solution  of  arsenic  twice  daily, 
commencing  with  two  drams  at  a  dose  for 
a  week,  and  then  gi-adually  inci-easing  to 
half  ounce  doses.  As  a  liniment  use  a 
mixture  of  one  ounce  each  of  aqua  ammonia, 
and  turpentine,  with  four  ounces  of  drug¬ 
gists’  soap  liniment  and  water  to  make 
one  pint.  Rub  in  twice  daily.  Bent 
knees  in  an  old  horse  will  not  be  likely 
to  straighten  up  again.  a.  s.  a. 


Rena  Ross'* 
Renrd 
Ayrshire  Cow 
of  the  World 
owned  by 
J.  R.  Valentine 
Bryn  Mawr,  Pa, 


Make  All  Your  Ration 
Produce  Profitable  Milk 

ALL  the  ordinary  ration  you  feed 
does  not  go  into  milk.  A  con¬ 
siderable  portion  of  it  is  wasted 
because  it  forms  a  solid  mass  in  the 
cow’s  stomach  and  does  not  digest  easily. 
Dried  Beet  Pulp  made  from  our  native  sugar 
beet,  succulent  and  palatable,  loosens  this 
mass,  assists  digestion,  makes  all  the  ra¬ 
tion  produce  milk,  increases  any  cow’s  milk 
within  a  few  days,  10#  in  three  weeks. 

The  greatest  milk  producing  records  have 
been  made  on  Dried  Beet  Pulp.  Valancey 
E.  Fuller,  Editor  of  “Practical  Dairyman,” 
writing  of  “Rena  Ross”,  and  the  five  cows 
that  won  the  French  cup,  stated  Dr.  P.  C. 
Palmer  in  cha/ge  of  feeding,  stopped  growing 
roots  altogether,  preferring  Dried  Beet  Pulp. 
Dr.  Palmer  said.  “It  not  only  made  more  millc  but  proved 
very  beneficial  to  the  health  of  the  cows.  It  is  fed  in  ad¬ 
dition  to  com  silage.” 

More  Milk,  Healthier  Cows— 
Here’s  the  Way 

We  have  arranged  with  your  dealer  to 
supply  you  a  sack  of  Dried  Beet  Pulp.  Just 
show  him  this  advertisement.  If  the  cow  you 
select  does  not  give  more  milk  in  three  weeks 

wc  authorize  the  dealer  to  refund  your  money.  Read  what 
we  say  to  him  in  this  advertisement.  See  him  today  so  you 
can  get  started  soon.  You  are  to  decide  everything  yourself. 

To  Dealers  Everywhere  East  of  the  Mis¬ 
sissippi  River  Except  in  States  of  Wis¬ 
consin  and  Michigan: 

You  are  authorized  to  sell  to  any  dairyman  who  will 
agree  to  give  the  feed  a  fair  honest  trial,  one  sack  of  our 
Dried.  Beet  Pulp  and  to  guarantee  to  refund  the  purchase 
price  if  after  the  dairyman  has  fed  it  to  one  cow  for  three 
weeks  the  cow  has  not  increased  her  milk  production;  we 
will  reimburse  you  for  your  expenditure.  If  you  do  not 
carry  Dried  Beet  Pulp  in  stock,  write  us  quickly  for  our 
proposition.  Please  mention  this  paper. 

The  Larrowe  Milling  Co., 

621  Ford  Building,  Detroit,  Michigan 


and 


Genuine 
Imitation 

CREAM  SEPARATORS 

The  all-round  superiority  of  the  DE  LAVAL  Cream 
Separators,  in  farm  as  well  as  factory  sizes,  has  now 
become  so  generally  recognized  that  would-be  competitors 

have,  almost  without  exception, 
adopted  the  pretext  of  merely 
claiming  that  the  machines  they 
offer  are  “like  the  DE  LAVAL”, 
or  “as  good  as  the  DE  LAVAL”, 
while  some  even  go  so  far  as  to 
claim  that  their  machines  are  made 
under  a  patent  license  from  the 
DE  LAVAL  Company. 

All  of  these  claims  and  pretenses 
are  false  and  a  fraud  upon  the 
buyers  of  such  machines,  except  to 
the  extent  that  each  and  everyone 
of  these  would-be  DE  LAVAL  imi¬ 
tators  is  using  some  ten  to  twenty 
year  old  patent  expired  and  now  abandoned  type  of 
DE  LAVAL  construction,  though  lacking  all  the  essential 
elements  of  the  improved  DE  LAVAL  machines  of  today, 
or  tor  that  matter  the  DE  LAVAL  machines  of  the  past 
ffve  years,  while  none  of  them  do  or  can  use  the  still 
patent  protected  ‘‘split- wing”  distributing  shaft  feature 
of  all  DE  LAVAL  machines  since  1900. 

Buyers  of  separators  are  cautioned  against  such 
deceptive  misrepresentations  by  those  who  may  try  to 
induce  them  to  purchase  machines  claimed  to  be  similar 
to  the  DE  LAVAL,  but  which  no  way  compare  in 
efficiency,  capacity  or  general  practicability  with  the 
DE  LAVAL  machines  of  TODAY. 

DE  LAVAL  Cream  Separators  are  as  much  in  advance 
of  all  attempted  competition  today  as  at  any  past  time, 
and  their  use  is  speedily  becoming  as  universal  on  the 
farm  as  it  has  long  since  been  in  the  larger  sizes  in 
creameries  and  milk  stations  the  world  over. 

THE  DE  LAVAL 

SEPARATOR  COMPANY 


165-167  Broadway 
NEW  YORK 


42  E.  Madison  Street 
CHICAGO 


Drumm  &  Sacramento  Sts* 
SAN  FRANCISCO 


173-177  William  Street 
MONTREAL 


14  &  16  Princess  Street 
WINNIPEG 


1018  Western  Avenus 
SEATTLE 


If  Y ou  Milk  Six  Cows 

OR  MORE,  SEND  US  YOUR 
NAME  AND  ADDRESS 

for  interesting  information  about  increas¬ 
ing  dairy  profits  and  reducing  labor. 

The  Hinman  Hilking  Machine 

stands  every  test  that  can  be  made.  No 
springs  or  weights.  A  simple  machine 
that  cannot  reduce  milk  or  injure  cows. 
U sers  opinions  proveevei’y  claim  we  make. 

WRITE  T0=DAY  Jgf  vs  send  you 


lars  about  the  HINMAN. 

.-■ATX 


free  partlcu- 

H1NMAN 
MILKING 
MACHINE 
CO. 

45  SENECA  ST. 

ONEIDA,  N.  Y. 


MINERAL. 
HEAVE 
REMEDY 


NEGLECT 
Will  Ruin 
YourHorse’ 

Send  today  for 
only 

PERMANENT 


SAFE 

CERTAIN' 


S3  package  ^ 

will  cure  any  case  or 
money  refunded. 

$1  PACKAGE 

cures  ordinary  cases. 
Postpaid  on  receipt  of 
price.  Agents  Wanted. 

Writo  for  descriptive  booklet. 


I  WANT  FAIR  PLAY. 

\  For  45  years  I  have  fought  all  forms 
of  trust  combinations,  have  kept  my 
prices  down  where  every  farmer  could 
1  buy  a  first  class  scale  at  a  fair  price 
,  and  have  protected  the  dealer.  Now 
the  implement  dealers  largely  sub¬ 
sidized  by  the  trusts  say  that  if  I  sell 
my  scales  to  a  farmer  they  won’t  let  me 
,  .  -  „  ,  seh  to  any  dealer.  All  right.  I  am 

ready  for  the  light.  Hereafter  my  price  is  the  same  to  all 
Money  talks  and  any  responsible  man  can  buy  my  scales 
on  approval  to  be  paid  for  on  agreed  terms  at  dealers 
price.  Money  talks  and  your  request  on  a  postal  card  will 
bring  you  my  offer  on  any  kind  of  a  scale  that  you  may 
want,  big  or  little.  Money  talks  and  if  you  nave  the 
money  I  have  the  scales  and  the  inclination  to  fight  the 
trust  which  says  that  no  man  can  buy  my  scales  without 
paying  a  profit  to  the  dealer.  Write  me  and  soon. 

JONES  He  Pays  the  Freight.” 

SO  May  St.,  BinKhamton,  K.  Y. 

ilk  Fever  Outfits. 

T'vKIlOUNERS,  Teat  Syphons,  Slitters, 
t  '  Dilators,  etc.  Received  only  award 
World’s  Fairs  Chicago  and  St.  Louis. 

Write  for  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

HAUSSMANN  &  DUNN  CO. 

392  South  Clark  Street,  Chicago,  Ill. 


Mineral  Heave  Remedy  Co.,  461  Fourth  Avenue.  Plttsbura.  R* 

IRfl  Farms  FOIi  SAGE  CHEAP,  ill  fertile 
IvlU  IQIlllO  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horace  G.  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa. 


Why  Rent  a  Farm 

and  be  compelled  to  pay  to  your  landlord  most  of 
your  hard-earned  profits?  Own  your  own 
farm.  Secure  a  Free  Homestead  in 
Manitoba,  Saskatchewan  or  Al- 
|  berta,  or  purchaao  land  in  one 
of  these  districts  and  bank  a 
profit  of  $10.00  or  $12.00 
I  an  acre  every  year. 

Land  purchased  three  years 
ago  at  §10.00  an  acre  has  recently 
I  changed  hands  at  S25.00  an  acre. 

I  The  cropB  grown  on  these  lands 
|  warrant  the  advance.  You  can 

Become  Rich 

by  cattle  raising,  dairying,  mixed  farm¬ 
ing  and  grain  growing  in  the  prov¬ 
inces  of  Maidtoba,  Saskatchewan 
and  Alberta  in  Western  Canada. 

Free  homestead  and  pre-emption 
areas,  as  well  as  land  held  by  railway 
Bnd  land  companies,  will  provide 
homes  for  millions. 

Adaptable  soil,  healthful  climate, 
splendid  schools  and  churches  and 
good  railways. 

For  settlers’  rates,  descriptive  litera¬ 
ture  “Last  Best  West.”  how  to  reach 
the  country  and  other  particulars,  write 
to  Sup’t  or  Immigration,  Ottawa,  Can¬ 
ada,  or  to  the  Canadiun  Gov’t  Agent. 

Sopt..  of  Immigration,  Ottawa,  Canada,  or 
Canadian  Government  Agent.  30  Syracuse 
Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

(63) 


144 


•U'HK  RURAL*  NEW-YORKER 


February  4, 


NEED  OF  THE  SUMMER  SILO. 

There  is  a  vast  amount  of  talk  and  vvrit- 
ing  going  on  about  the  Summer  soiling 
of  dairy  cows,  most  of  which  has  to  do 
with  the  growing  of  a  succession  of 
crops,  and  the  incessant  cutting  of  them, 
The  past  season  in  Ohio  was  the  most 
severe  and  prolonged  drought  in  years, 
and  soiling  crops  would  not  grow  and 
the  whole  system  was  a  failure.  The 
alternative  is  the  possession  of  a  well 
filled  Summer  silo.  Is  there  not  a  bet¬ 
ter  way  of  soiling  a  cow,  than  taking  a 
few  more  acres  in  addition  to  the  five 
required  for  pasture  to  grow  this  feed? 
Why  not  take  one  of  the  five  acres,  put 
it  into  corn  and  raise  40  tons  per  acre, 
as  they  do  in  Granby,  Mass.,  and  keep 
five  cows  a  year  without  any  pasture, 
and  better  than  with  it?  Or  coming 
down  to  common  conditions,  make  that 
acre  support  one  cow  a  full  year  as 
the  roughage  ration.  No  other  crop 
gives  as  much,  and  as  perfect  a  rough- 
age  ration  as  the  well-grown  corn  plant, 
and  then,  bring  in  the  clover  hay,  and 
some  of  the  protein  concentrates,  as  the 
balancer  to  the  ration,  have  a  ration  at 
least  possible  cost,  and  insured,  for  dry 
as  was  the  season  in  Ohio,  the  end  was 
that  those  who  well  cared  for  their  corn, 
had  full  silos. 

Three  of  my  neighbors  fed  silage  the 
past  season  for  the  soiling  crop  and  as 
pastures  were  about  nil,  it  was  a  valu¬ 
able  experience.  One  man  with  a  big 
dairy  fed  a  bushel  and  a  half  of  well¬ 
eared  silage  daily  to  each  cow  and  no 
grain,  and  received  a  remarkable  yield 
of  milk  for  the  entire  Summer,  no 
grain-fed  dairy  approaching  him,  and  he 
computes  that  that  big  silo  of  corn  was 
worth  to  him  the  grazing  of  100  acres 
of  average  Summer  pasture.  Dry  as  it 
was,  he  has  filled  that  great  silo  again, 
and  proposes  to  turn  60  acres  of  pasture 
to  other  uses  next  Summer.  The  ex¬ 
perience  of  Mr.  Lighty  is  similar.  He 
fed  only  a  bushel  of  silage  to  each  cow 
daily,  and  one  pound  of  concentrates, 
and  has  become  a  convert,  for  said  he, 
“My  cows  never  knew  there  was  a 
drought,  nor  did  they  ever  give  larger 
messes  at  so  little  cost,”  and  40  acres 
of  his  pasture  will  have  different  ten¬ 
ants  next  year.  The  third  man  is  as 
convinced,  and  silage  will  be  his  chief 
pasture  feed  next  year.  It  is  found  that 
even  with  good  pasture,  the  feeding  of 
a  bushel  of  silage  a  day  takes  the  place 
of  costly  grain,  and  at  half  the  cost,  for 
with  15  tons  to  the  acre  of  silage  corn,  a 
bushel  of  good  silage  cannot  be  made  to 
cost  over  two  cents  or  less  per  bushel 
of  25  pounds,  while  six  pounds  of  grain 
is  worth  nine  cents.  Figure  up  what  it 
costs  to  summer  a  cow,  interest  on  her 
actual  grazing  lot,  the  interest  on  its 
value,  the  taxes,  fencing,  etc.,  then  add 
all  of  the  value  you  fed  this  cow  in  ad¬ 
dition  to  make  that  pasture;  feed  the 
cow  to  a  profitable  milking  output,  and 
see  if  it  does  not  cost  twice  as  much  to 
summer  a  milch  cow,  as  to  winter  her, 
on  a  half  or  less  acre  of  silage,  and  its 
usual  extras.  Is  it  not  a  fact  that  to 
the  average  dairyman,  the  Summer  silo 
will  have  to  come  as  the  economic  solu¬ 
tion  of  the  cheap  and  abundant  ration, 
and  supersede  all  other  soiling  crops? 

Ohio.  JOHN  GOULD. 


SOILING  CROPS  IN  OREGON. 

I  note  what  some  one  says  in  regard 
to  stock  eating  the  ripened  rye  and 
tares.  I  have  grown  rye  and  tares,  and 
have  been  disgusted  with  it  on  account 
of  stock  refusing  to  touch  the  rye  after 
it  had  headed  out.  The  past  year  on 
the  advice  of  a  friend  I  left  it  until  the 
rye  was  ripe  and  cut  it  for  hay,  with 
the  result  that  stock  ate  it  up  clean.  Let 
others  try  this  and  report. 

For  soiling  I  am  well  pleased  with 
hulless  barley  instead  of  rye  to  sow 
with  the  tares,  in  both  cases  using  Win¬ 
ter  oats  in  the  mixture.  The  first  cut¬ 
ting  which  I  make  very  early  will  con¬ 
tain  little  of  the  oats  which  have  made 
too  small  a  growth  to  be  touched  by 
the  mowing,  while  the  second  mowing 
will  be  largely  tares  and  oats.  I  have 
sometimes  thought  that  the  rye  and  bar¬ 
ley  were  injured  by  frosts  when  the 
freshly  cut  stems  were  exposed  to  it. 
My  own  practice  is  to  sow  land  plaster 
on  the  ground  as  fast  as  the  grass  is 
taken  off,  which  greatly  increases  the 
second  cutting.  Those  who  sow  tares 
or  vetch  should  remember  that  land 
plaster  will  greatly  increase  the  crop 
on  ordinary  land.  I  have  had  no  ex¬ 
perience  on  poor  land.  Last  Fall  I 
sowed  quite  a  sprinkling  of  rape  in  my 
tares  and  rye,  as  a  plot  of  it  used  the 
past  year  was  so  satisfactory.  I  was 
surprised  to  see  how  greedily  the  cows 
ate  the  leavings  from  a  lot  of  rape 
straw  that  I  had  thrashed  the  seed  from. 
It  was  cut  with  a  mower  early  in  the 
day  and  immediately  bunched  in  small 
bunches  to  prevent  the  horses  from 
tramping  out  the  seed  on  the  next  round. 


The  seed  was  beaten  out  by  hand  on  a 
sheet  and  the  straw  piled  up  again.  The 
cows,  although  having  a  full  feed  of 
tares  and  oats,  would  eat  this  rape 
straw  all  but  the  very  coarsest  stalks. 
Let  me  also  repeat  the  advice  of  some 
one  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  a  few  years  ago, 
not  to  mow  soiling  crops  too  close  to 
the  ground,  and  from  my  own  experi¬ 
ence  would  add  any  meadow,  especially 
Timothy.  s. 

Oregon. 

R.  N.-Y. — Many  a  Timothy  meadow 
has  been  ruined  by  cutting  the  grass 
too  close.  Land  plaster  may  give  re¬ 
sults  on  some  soils  for  a  few  years,  but 
later  it  fails.  Its  chief  action  seems  to 
be  setting  free  plant  food  by  bringing 
about  a  chemical  action.  After  a  time 
this  action  appears  to  fail. 


Rape  for  Milch  Cows. 

I  have  never  had  experience  in  feeding 
rape  to  cows  in  milk,  Init  I  am  quite  cer¬ 
tain  that  had  odors  would  find  their  way 
into  the  milk  pail  if  cows  were  allowed 
to  pasture  on  it  at  will.  Cows  are  said 
to  respond  well  to  a  rape  ration,  but  in 
my  judgment  it  should  be  fed  in  small 
quantities  (at  least  at  first)  and  imme¬ 
diately  after  milking.  In  other  words,  the 
same  '  precautions  should  be  taken  as  in 
feeding  turnips.  The  nutritive  ratio  of 
rape  is  about  1  :8.4,  which  makes  it  a  val¬ 
uable  crop  to  feed  in  connection  with  our 
ordinary  farm  crops.  In  this  section  its 
most  common  use  is  as  a  soiling  crop  or 
pasture  for  pigs  and  brood  sows. 

Canada.  ,  c.  s.  m. 


AGENTS— $33.30  A  WEEK 


He  writes— “  Hurry  up 
—  sold 


Jack  Wood  did  it !  _ 

100  more  - 
first  lot  in  2  days 
-  best  seller  I 
ever  saw.”  Hun¬ 
dreds  of  agents 
coining  money— 
$5.60  worth  of 
tools  for  the 
>rice  of  one. 
)rop  forged  from 
finest  steel.  Nickel  Plated  all  over.  Astonishing  low 

Erice  to  agents— 1,200  ordered  by  one  man.  Write  at  once. 

•on’t  delay.  Experience  unnecessary.  Sample  free. 
THOMAS  MFG.  CO.,  8263  Wayne  St.,  DAYTON,  OHIO 


TOP 


Dairymen,  Take  a  Look  at  the 
STRITE  GOVERNOR  PULLEY 

It’s  the  original  and  “only 
thing  for  driving  cream  sep¬ 
arators  with  gasoline  en¬ 
gines.  Once  tried,  always 
used.  -  TRY  ONE.  Ask  your 
dealer  for  a  “STRITE”  or 
write  us  direct.  Don't  take 
au  imitation. 

Strife  Governor  Pulley  Co. 
357  South  Third  Street 
srrcftATotj  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


Save  Time  and  Seed 

By  Using  the  50  Year 
Old  World’s  Standard 

GAH00N 
SEED 
ER 


to  do  more  and  better  broadcast  work 
any  kind  of  grain  or  grass  seed  than  any  other 
Sower.  Savcstimeandlabor;  givesbiggercrops. 
for  itself  many  times  over  yearly,  although  it 
highest  priced  sower.  Made  of  iron,  steel  and 
brass.  Lasts  a  lifetime.  If  your  dealer  cannot  supply 
you,  we  will  deliver  the  Cahoon  to  any  express 
office  east  of  the  Mississippi  River  on  receipt  of  $4. 

Seed  Sowers’  Manual  tells  how  to  save  seed  and 
get  bigger  crops.  It’s  free.  Send  for  it. 

COPPELL  CO.,  14  Main  St.,  Antrim,  N.  H. 


World’s  Best 
Put  Into  Your  Home 
FREE 

Our  local  representative  will  place  in  your 
home,  for  a  thorough,  free  trial,  without  one 
cent  of  expense  of  any  kind  to  you,  a 

SHARPLES 

Dairy  Tubular 
Cream  Separator 

Use  it  in  your  home.  Sec  for 
yourself  that  it  contains  no  disks  or 
other  hard-to-wasli  contraptions. 

Prove  that  it  produces 
twice  the  skimming 
force,  skims  faster  and 
twice  as  clean  as  others. 
Think  over  the  fact  that 
it  will  wear  a  lifetime 
and  is  guaranteed  for¬ 
ever  by  America’s  old¬ 
est  and  the  world’s  big- 
c  gest  cream  sep¬ 
arator  concern. 

Then  ask  your¬ 
self  how  you  can  afford  lo 
pay  freight,  send  money, 
or  risk  anything  on  any 
“mailorder”  or. other  (so 
called )  cheap  separator, 
the  average  life  of  which 
is  but  one  year,  when  you 
can  own  and  use  a 
world-famous,  wear- 
a-lifetime  Tubular  for 
less  than  any  other  kind. 

Write  for  1911  Catalogue 
No.  153,  and 
ask  for  free 
trial. 


THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO. 

WEST  CHEST  Elf,  PA. 

Chicago.  Ill.,  San  FranciHoo,  Cal.,  Portland,  Ore. 
Toronto,  Can.,  Winnipeg,  Can. 


New 
Model 

REPEATING  RIFLE 

The  only  gun  that  fills  the 
demand  for  a  trom¬ 
bone  (“pump”)  ac¬ 
tion  repeater  in 

.25-20  and 
.32-20 

calibres. 


Shoots 
high  ve¬ 
locity  smoke¬ 
less  cartridges, 
also  black  and  low 
pressure  smokeless. 
Powerful  enough  for  deer, 
safe  to  use  in  settled  districts,  ex¬ 
cellent  for  target  work,  for  foxes, 
geese,  woodchucks,  etc. 


© 


It*  exclusive  feature* :  the  quiclc,  smooth  working  "pump’’  action: 
the  wear-resisting  Special  Smokeless  Steel  barrel ;  the  modern  solid* 
top  and  side  ejector  for  rapid,  accurate  firing,  increased  safety  and 
convenience.  It  has  take-down  construction  and  Jooi„  Bead  front 
right;  these  cost  extra  on  other  rifles  of  these  calibre*. 

Our  136  page  catalog  describes  the  full  777(Zr/f/1k 
line.  Sent  for  three  stamps  postage.  Write  for  it. 

157  Willow  Street 
New  Haven,  Conn. 


7%e  7//ar/t/i  fire  arms  Co. 


I 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOR  Write 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE  to-day. 
GUARANTEED  MONEY-SAVING 


U  INTERNATIONAL 
i  SILOS 

III:®' 

Lit  1  o' .'it 


strongest  built,  simplest  to  put  up  and  easiest  operated 
on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take-up  hoop- 
continuous  open-door  front — air-tight  door  and  per¬ 
manent  ladder  are  some  of  the  unusual  features.  Tha 

International  Silo  113  Slain  St..  Line.Tills.Mn 


GREEN  MOUNTAIN 

SILOS 

Three  bearings  all  around 
each  door  like  a  safe  or  re¬ 
frigerator  door.  Hoops  are 
stronger  than  others.  Staves, 
doors  and  fronts  soaked  in 
preservative  if  you  wish. 

Green  Mountain  Silos  differ 
from  other  round  silos. 

Free  catalogue  gives  details. 

Post  card  will  bring  it. 

CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MFG.  CO. 

338  West  Street,  Rutland,  Vt. 


ECONOMY  SILO 


Our  simple  yetperfect-fittingdoors, 
forming  air-tight  silo,  entirely  pre¬ 
vent  possibility  of  ensilage  spoiling. 
Quick,  easy  adjustment  without 
hammer  or  wrench.  Free  access. 

Every  silo  easy  to  erect.  Seasoned 
white  pine  or  cypress  staves.  Refined 
iron  hoops  form  easy  ladder. 

Write  lor  free  catalogue  with  proof 
of  our  claims  from  delighted  users. 

ECONOMY  SILO  A  MFC.  CO., 

Box  36 <aj  Frederick,  Md. 


lTHE 

SSSI 

L0 

The  only  thoroughly  manufactured 
Silo  on  the  market.  Full  length  stave. 
Continuous  door  frame  complete  with 
ladder.  Triple  beveled  silo  door  with 
hinges.  Equipped  with  extra  heavy 
hoops  at  bottom. 

AIR  TIGHT 

Bake*  winter  feed  equal  to  June 
grass.  THE  ROSS  will  more  than  pay 
for  itself  in  one  season.  Write  to¬ 
day  for  catalog  which  give*  facts  that 
will  save  you  money.  Agent*  wanted. 
The  E.  W.  Ross  Co.(Est.l&50) 
Box  13  SPRINGFIELD.  OHIO 


PATENTS  START  FACTORIES 


IPATENT  SECURED  OR 
•  FEE  RETURNED 

Startright  .  Free  Hook— IIow  to  obtain,  finance 
_ _  ,  and  promote  patents.  Send  sketch,  free  search. 

ARNKAM&  SUES,  Pat.  Attys.,  Ad. 36,  Washington.  D.C. 


COOK  YOUR  FEED  and  SAVE 
Half  the  Cost— with  the 

PROFIT  FARM  BOILER 


With  Humping  Caldron.  Empties 
its  kettlein  one  minute.  Thesimplest 
and  best  arrangement  for  cooking 
food  for  stock.  Also  make  Dairy  and 
Laundry  Stoves,  Water  and 
Steam  Jacket  Kettles,  Hog 
Scalders,  Caldrons. etc.  U^"Sen<J 
for  particulars  and  ask  for  ciroulan  J 
D.  It.  SPEIiRY  &  OO..  Bat  .via,  Id. 


Make  Your 
Loading  Easy 


Out  out  the  backaches,  strains  and  ruptures  by 
using  low  Empire  Steel  Wheels  for  your  furm 
hauling,  You  can  put  on  a  bigger  load.  Half  the 
work.  Half  the  time.  Save  your  team,  Don  t 
cut  up  your  fields. 

EMPIRE  LOW 
STEEL  WHEELS 

coBt  only  one-half  as  much  as  wood¬ 
en  wheels.  They  save  you  tire  cut¬ 
ting  and  repair  expense.  You  can 
change  your  wooden  wheels  for  your 
Empire  Steel  Wheels  any  time  in  5  minutes. 

Send  for  free  catalog  showing  wheels  and 
low-priced  Empire  Handy  Wagons. 

Empire  Mfg.  Co.,  BoxggX,  Quincy,  III 


SILO 


You  can  shove  ensilage  out  ofthe  unobstructed, 
continuous  door  front  of  a  Unadilla  Sllol5  cents 
a  ton  cheaper  than  yon  can  pitch  it  up  3  toC  ft. 
over  cross-bars  on  an  ordinary  silo, 

Unadilla  Silo  doors  shove  up — most  others 
push  in,  making  it  necessary  to  feed  to  the 
bottom  of  these  doors  before  they  can  be  opened. 
Non-breakable  lugs,  cold  rolled  over  threads  on 
•end  of  steel  hoops — ^  stronger  than  ordinary 
cut  thread  hoops.  Write  for  25  Reasons  Why. 
Kxtra  discount  for  early  orders,  Agents  wanted. 
UNADILLA  SILO  CO.,  Box  B,  Unadilla,  N.  Y. 


Catalo 

Free 

With 

Full 

Infor¬ 

mation 


MOTSINGER 

GUARANTEED  AUTO-SPARKER 

(Better  than  an  everlasting  battery. 
Will  generate  current  for  ignition 
and  electric  lights,  chnrging  stor¬ 
age  batteries,  etc.  Suitable  for 
all  types  and  sizes  of  gas  and 
gasoline  engines.  LET  U8 
TELL  YOU  HOW  TO  1IAKK 
YOUR  own  ELECTRICITY. 

MOTSINGER  DEVICE  MFG.  CO 
113  Harold  St.,  Pendleton,  lnd‘ 


The  Most  Economical 
Engine  Ever  Built 


PEOPLE  everywhere  are  rejoicing  that  at  last 
they  can  have  an  engine  that  runs  on  coal  oil 
faultlessly.  All  this  is  the  result  of  gasoline 
going  up  because  of  the  big  automobile  demand. 

Kerosene  costs  0  to  16c  less  per  gallon  than  gasoline— 
and  gasoline  keeps  on  going  up  higher  and  higher. 
This  engine  runs  on  less  thnn  hulfthe  cost  of  n  gaso¬ 
line  engine  right  now.  Also  runs  on  any  engine  fuel. 

Perfection  Kerosene  Engine 

15  Days9  Free  Xr'a* 

You  can  have  this  remarkable 
money-saving  engine  for  15  days* 
free  trial.  Go  to  your  local  dealer, 
ask  him  to  show  you  the  “Perfec¬ 
tion”  and  have  it  sent  to  your  farm. 

Try  it  thoroughly  for  15  days.  If 
at  the  end  of  that  time  you  aro  i 
entirely  satisfied,  return  the 
engine  to  your  dealer  and . 
every  dollar  you  have  paid 
for  it  will  bo  refunded 
cheerfully  w 

AM)  DON’T  MISS  our 
free  Engine  Book.  Get 
a  copy  from  your  deal¬ 
er.  In  the  event  that 
your  dealer  does  not 
carry  the  “Perfection,** 
write  to  us. 

Caille  Perfection  _ 

Motor  Company,  211  Second  Av.t  Detroit*  Mich. 


JACOBSON 

SELF-CONTAINED  ENGINE  WITH  AUTOMATIC  DRAINING 
WATER  TANK. 

No  Freezing  No  Overheating 

No  Large  TV ater  Tank 

The  Agency  is  available  in  some  sections  and 


111 


valuable  in  all. 

JACOBSON  MACHINE  MFG.  CO. 

Irvine  Street  Warren, Pa. 


rcow 

| STANCHIONS  | 

AND 

.STALLS, 


Highest  Grade— Sanitary 

Not  a  particle  of  wood  about  them. 
Quick  to  open  —  Quick  to  close  — 
Quick  to  please — Quick  shipments. 
Ask  for  1910  Catalogue. 

BOWEN  &  QUICK,  Mlrr.  Auburn,  N.  Y. 


Wanted  at  Once— A  Man 

To  Maks  $100  Per  Month  Above  Expenses 
1500  MEN  THROUGHOUT  THE  U.  S 
ARE  MAKING  BIG  MONEY 

with  our  large  lino  of  over  80  different  household  neces* 
sities  consisting  of  home  remedies,  extracts,  spices,  soaps, 
perfumes,  toilet  articles,  stock  and  poultry  preparations, 
polishes,  etc.  all  guaranteed  under  the  National  Food 
and  Drugs  Act  and  conforming  to  the  Pure  Food  require¬ 
ments  of  every  state.  Sold  chiefly  to  country  people. 
We  import,  manufacture  and  sell  in  enormous  quantities 
Capital  and  surplus  over  one  million  dollars.  Factory 
floor  space  nearly  5  acres. 

Wo  want  one  man  in  each  unoccupied  locality  to  take 
full  charge  of  everything  pertaining  to  our  business  in 
his  district.  Must  be  of  good  health  and  habits,  honest 
and  industrious,  not  under  21  nor  over  50  years  of  age, 
able  to  furnish  outfit  similar  to  that  illustrated  above, 
also  several  responsible  men  to  vouch  for  his  integrity. 
Such  under  our  instructions  can  make  not  less  than 

$100  Per  Month  Clear  Profit 

above  expenses  first  year,  $1800  second  year  and  $2400 
third  year.  Colored  people  or  women  not  considered. 

Previous  experience  or  more  than  ordinary  education 
not  needed  as  with  our  thorough  free  course  of  instruc¬ 
tion  in  salesmanship  the  work  is  easily  learned  and  a 
big,  pleasant,  healthful,  honorable  and  permanent  busi¬ 
ness  quickly  established. 

If  you  can’t  meet  requirements  don’t  write:  if  you 
think  you  can  you  aro  the  man  wo  are  looking  for  and  a 
postal  will  bring  you  full  particulars  by  return  mail. 

Lots  of  new  men  starting  and  territory  filling  rapidly, 
so  i  f  i  nterested  write  at  once  else  territory  vacant  in  your 
locality  will  bo  taken. 

W.  T.  RAWLEIGH  CO.  30-40  Lib.  St.  Freeport,  111. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


146 


MARKETS 

Week  Ending  January  27,  1911. 

BUTTER 

The  market  for  fancy  creamery  is  slightly 
improved.  Other  grades  dull,  with  condi¬ 
tions  favoring  buyers.  The  fresh  packing 
stock  arriving  is  in  bad  condition,  some 
selling  below  15  cents. 


Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 26  0 

Good  to  Choice .  .24 

Lower  Grades  .  .21 

Storage . 19 

State  Dairy,  best . 24 

Common  to  Good . 19 

Factory . 1G 

Packing  Stock . 12 


m 

®  .25 
@  .23 
.25 
.25 
-23 
18 
.15 


© 


CHKKSK 

Some  price  cutting  is  noted  on  all  but 
top  grades  of  full  cream.  Demand  for  Win¬ 
ter  made  is  very  light. 

Full  Cream,  best . 15  @  .17 

Common  to  Good . 12  @  .13 

Skims .  ,05  @  .12 

EGGS 

There  was  a  slight  improvement  this 
week,  but  at  this  writing  the  market  is  in 
bad  condition.  Receipts  from  the  West  are 
heavy  and  there  is  the  same  urgent  effort 
to  clear  out  the  storage  stocks  on  hand. 
The  finest  fancy  white  are  retailing  at  45 
cents  and  best  mixed  down  to  35. 

White,  good  to  choice . 32  ® 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 28  @ 

Common  to  Good . 20  @ 

Storage . 14  @ 

W estern,  best . 25  @ 


Under  grades . 20  ® 


.35 

.30 

.25 

.17 

.28 

.24 


BEANS 

Market  decidedly  easy  on  all  commercial 
sorts,  especially  the  Kidney  varieties. 

Marrow,  bu . 2.30  @  2.50 

Medium .  2.16  ®  2.25 

Pea .  2.10  @2.30 

Yellow  Eye .  2.10  @  2.20 

Red  Kidney . 3.10  @  3.20 

WhlteKidney .  2.90  ©  3.00 

HOPS 

Market  is  at  a  standstill.  Conservative 
estimates  place  the  amount  left  in  first 
hands  at  less  than  1,000  bales. 

Prime  to  Choice . 27  @  .29 

Common  to  Good . 22  @  .25 

Pacific  Coast .  18  @  .22 

German  Crop,  1910 .  .50  @  A3 

CIDER  VINEGAR 

New  York  prices  for  single  barrel  lots. 

Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 22  @  .24 

Standa  rd  Grade . 13  @  .15 

DRIED  FRUITS 

Trade  is  light,  but  tone  strong  on  most 
grades  of  apples,  including  chops. 

Apples,  evap.  fancy . 12  @  13 

Evap.,  com.  to  good .  4)6  @  .11 

Sun  Dried . 05  ®  .07*4 

Chops . 04*4®  .04*6 

Cores  and  Skins .  .04  @  .0416 

Raspberries . 28  ®  .30 

Cherries . 15  ®  .18 

FRESH  FRUITS 

Apple  market  firm  and  slightly  higher  on 
both  box  and  barrel  fruit.  Cranberry  trade 
light  but  market  in  strong  position. 


Apples,  Ben  Davis,  bbl - 

@  4.00 

King . 

@  5.25 

Greening . 

@  5.50 

York  Imperial . 

@  5.50 

Baldwin . 

@  5.00 

Western — 

Newtown,  box . 

@  2.50 

Spitz,  box . 

@  2.25 

Rome,  box . 

©  2.50 

Winesap.  box . 

@  2.50 

Gano.  box  . 

@  1.75 

Cranberries— 

Cape  Cod.  bbl . 

@  9.50 

Long  Island,  bbl . 

©  9.50 

Jersey,  bbl . 

@  8450 

Fears,  Kieffer,  bbl . 

©  3.26 

Strawberries.  Fla.,  qt . 

.  .30 

©  A0 

slow. 


HONEY 

especially 


on  buckwheat 


Trade 
grades. 

White  Clover,  lb . 12  ®  .16 

Buckwheat,  lb . 09  @  .10 

Extracted,  lb .  417  ©  .09 

VEGETABLES 

Potato  market  continues  very  weak,  con¬ 
siderable  Maine  stnto 

down  to  .$1.50 
dull.  Onions  in 


and  State  stock 
per  sack.  Cabbaf 
large  supply  and  i 

Potatoes— N.  Y.  State,  180  lbs .  1.35 

Long  Island,  180  lbs .  1.50 

Bermuda,  bbl .  4.00 

Maine .  1.40 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bbl .  1.00 

Brussels  Sprouts,  qt . 05 

Beets,  new,  100  bunches . 2.00 

Carrots,  bbl .  1.00 

Southern,  new,  bbl . 2.00 

Cabbage— Danish  seed,  ton . 8.00 

Domestic . 6.00 

Red . 25.00 

Celery,  doz . 15 

Chicory,  bbl .  2.00 

Escarol,  bbl . 3.00 

Endive,  French,  lb . 12 

Kale,  bbl . 1.00 

Kohlrabi,  Southern,  bbl . 3.00 

Lettuce,  *6-bbl.  bkt .  1A0 

New  Orleans,  bbl .  2.50 

Peppers,  Southern,  bu . 3.00 

Onions,  Orange  Co.,  bag .  1.50 

Conn.  White,  bbl .  4.00 

White  pickle,  bu . 75 

Peas,  Fla.,  bu .  2.00 

Romaine,  Southern,  *6  bbl .  1.50 

String  Beans,  bu . 2.00 

Spinach,  bbl .  2.00 

Squash,  bbl .  1.75 

Turnips,  Rutabaga,  bbl . 75 

White,  bbl .  1,00 

Leeks,  Southern,  100  bunches .  2.00 

Egg  Plants,  Fla.,  box .  4.00 

Parsnips,  bbl  .  1.75 

Parsley  bbl .  2.00 


selling 
;e  very 
ower. 

@  1.60 
©  2.00 
©  6.00 
©  1.75 
®  2.50 
©  .12 
©  4,00 
©  1.50 
©  3.00 
©11.00 
®  8.00 
©30.00 
@  .55 

®  3.00 
©  3.50 
©  .13 
©  1  J2» 

®  44X1 
®  2.50 
@  3.00 
©  4.00 
®  2.25 
©  6.00 
©  1.00 
©  4.00 
@  1.75 
®  3.00 
©  3.00 
©  2.25 
®  1.00 
@  1.60 
©  3.00 
©  6.50 
®  2.25 
©  4.00 


HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 
Market  on  tomatoes,  radishes  and  mush¬ 
rooms  slightly  improved.  Cucumbers  very 

dull. 

Cucumbers,  best,  doz .  1.75  ©  2,00 

Mushrooms,  lb . 15  ©  .30 

Radishes,  100  bunches .  2.00  @  4.00 

Tomatoes,  lb . 15  ©  .35 

Rhubarb,  doz  bunches . . . 50  ©  4>5 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Trade  is  moderate.  Chickens  running 
poor.  Holders  trying  to  work  prices  on 
fowls  to  a  higher  level. 

Chickens,  lb . ©  .13^ 

£owls . .  ©  .16 

Roosters . @  .u 

Turkeys . ,15  ©  18 


DRESSED  POULTRY 

Trade  is  dull.  Receipts  are  not  heavy, 
but  large  supplies  reported  on  the  way. 

Turkeys.  Fancy .  .24  @  .25 

Common  to  Good . 18  @  .22 

Chickens,  roasting . 18  @  .22 

Common  to  Good . 13  @  .17 

Fancy  broilers,  lb .  .25  ©  .28 

Fowls .  12  ®  .16 

Capons,  best,  lb . 24  ©  .25 

Medium  grades . 22  ®  .23 

Small  and  Slips . 15  ©  .20 

Ducks,  Spring . 15  ®  .20 

Geese,  spring . 12  @  .15 

Squabs,  doz .  24K)  ®  5.00 

Guineas,  spring,  pair . 65  @1.00 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 
Calves  are  selling  slowly.  Hothouse 
lambs  of  the  better  grades  somewhat  im¬ 
proved. 

Calves,  good  to  prime . 12  @  .13 

Common  . .  419  @  .11 

Lambs,  hothouse,  head . 6.00  @11.00 

Pork.  light . 12  @  .12*6 

Medium  to  heavy . 10  ©  .11 

Roasting  Pigs,  lb . 14  ©  .17 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Market  firm  on  high  grade  Timothy.  Dull 
on  medium.  Straw  selling  slowly. 

Hay,  No.  1,  ton . 21.00  ©  22.00 

No.  2 . 19.00  @  20.00 

No.  3 . 16.00  ®  17.00 

Clover  Mixed . 12.00  @18  00 

Clover . 12.00  @  16.00 

Wild  Hay . 9.00  @  104X) 

8traw,  Rye .  9.00  @  11.00 

Oat  and  Wheat .  8.00  @  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 5.00  ®  6.60 

Oxen  and  Stags . 4.00  @  5.00 

Cows .  2.40  @  4.50 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 8.00  @11.00 

Culls  . 4.00  @7  00 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 2.50  @  4.50 

Lambs .  6.30  @  7.00 

Hogs .  7.80  @  8.90 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring . 1.23  @  ... 

No.  2,  Red .  1.00  @  ... 

No.  1  Macaroui .  1.07  @  ... 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 52  @  .53 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 35  @  .40 

Rye . 80  @  .85 

MILL  FEED 

Spring  Bran,  ton .  26.00  @  27.00 

Standard  Middlings .  25.75  @  28.00 

Red  Dog .  28.00  @  294X) 

Hominy  Chop .  22.50  @  23.60 

Linseed  Meal . .  35.00  ®  36.00 

Com  Meal .  24.00  @  26.00 


Home  Fertilizers 

Mixed 

Some  day  you  will  want  to  mix  your  own 
Fertilizers,  so  as  to  get  them  CHEAPER  and 
BETTER  than  any  other  way.  You  need 
my  book  on  Home  Mixing,  containing 

FORMULAS 

and  instructions,  as  well  as  other  informa¬ 
tion.  Send  your  name  and  address  on 
Post  Card  to 

WILLIAM  S.  MYERS,  Director  of  Propaganda 
71  Nassau  Street,  New  York 

NO  BRANCH  OFFICES 


and  his  book  will  be 
sent  you 


Entirely  Free 


A  $100  HORSE 

I  may  qnickly  become  worthless  by  developing  a 
I  curb,  spavin,  splint  or  going  lame.  Don’t  eacri- 
1  flee  him.  Cure  him  with 

Quinn’s  Ointment 

I  It  cures  permanently  and  absolutely  all  common  1 
I  horse  ailments.  The  unfailing  remedy  of  years 
I  which  bos  the  confidence  of  horse  owners.  SI .  a 
1  bottle.  All  druggists  or  by  mail.  Testimonials  free. 

W.  B.  Eddy  &  Co.  Whitehall,  N.  Y, 


KENDALL'S  SPAVIN  CURE 


The  world-wide  remedy. 
Once  used,  always  used. 
Cores  Spavin,  Splint,  Ring¬ 
bone,  Curb,  Swellings,  Lame* 
ness. 

$1  a  Bottle;  6  for  $5 

All  druggists.  Getfree  book, 
“Treatise  on  the  Horse.” 

DR.  B.  J.  KENDALL  CO. 
Enosburg  Falls.  Vermont 


k 


Before  You 


PH  SAVE  Your  Sheep 
PH  SA  Vi E  Your  Hogs 
PH  SAVE  You  Feed 

/  PROVE  IT  Before  You  Pay 

Don’t  stand  by  and  let  your  Iambs  and  sheep  die  off. 

Don’t  let  your  hogs  be  eaten  up  alive  —  contract 
diseases  and  die. 

Don’t  let  your  cattle  and  horses  continue  to  look 
as  if  fed  on  straw — thin,  scrawny,  shaggy,  dull, — 
though  you’re  feeding  them  well. 

The  trouble  is  they  are  fall  of  worms — full  of  par¬ 
asites  that  are  sapping  their  lives  away — killing  them— 
eating  up  your  profits,  while  you  are  standing  by, 
and  wondering  what’s  the  matter. 

Stop  it  — -  stop  it  quick.  It’s  costing  you  a  lot  of  money.  I  will  do  it, 
and  prove  it  before  you  pay  me  a  cent.  All  I  ask  is  a  chance  to 
show  you  how  SAL.  -  VET 

The  Great  Worm  Destroyer 
and  Conditioner 

will  quickly  stop  your  losses  —  how  it  will  straighten  up  your 
sick  lambs,  sheep,  hogs  and  other  live  stock — how  it  will  rid  them  of 
all  stomach  and  intestinal  worms  and  parasitic  infection — how  it  will 
put  life  and  vim  into  the  blood  —  aid  digestion  and  stimulate  the 
appetite  —  help  them  to  get  more  good  out  of  their  feed  in  less  time. 

You’ll  marvel  at  the  change  Sal-Vet  will  make. 

TESTIMONIAL  FROM  THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  AMERICAN  SHROPSHIRE  ASSOCIATION. 

."W®  have  used  Sal-Vet  as  preventative  of  worms  in  our  flock  of  sheep,  and  have  great 
ia-'th 'n  it-  We  keep  it  before  them  all  the  time,  both  when  at  pasture  and  in  the  barn 
1  he  sheep  like  it,  and  we  can  truthfully  say  that  our  sheep  are  free  from  worms' 
although  we  have  run  sheep  in  our  pasture  quite  thickly  for  the  past  fifteen  yoars  ” 

HENRY  L.  WARDWELL,  Springfield  Centre,  N  Y 

SAL- VET  is  a  medicated  salt,  containing  seven  medicinal  elements  — 
which  act  like  magic.  It  speedily  gets  rid  of  the  cause  of  disease  and  death 
losses — WORMS — kills  and  expels  them — then  it  puts  the  stomach  and  digest¬ 
ive  organs  in  the  pink  of  condition.  Put  Sal- Vet  where  your  stock  can  get  it  at  ^ 

all  times — they’ll  doctor  themselves — and  you  will  be  astonished  at  the  results.  ^ 

Remember — don’t  send  any  money — simply  send  the  coupon — I  prove  Sal-Vet  ^ 

does  the  work  before  you  pay.  It  costs  about  one-twelfth  cent  a  day  per  sheep  or  hog.  0 


o* 


You  can’t  afford  not  to  accept  this  offer — if  it  does  what  I  claim  you  make 
money — if  not  you’re  nothing  out.  The  publishers  of  this  paper  will  vouch 


for  my  responsibility.  Fill  out  the  coupon  now. 

Sidney  R.  Fell,  President, 

THE  Sm  Rm  FEiL  COMPANY,  Oejd.R.M.Y.  Cleveland,  O. 

Prices:  40  Ib«.,  *2.25;  100  lbs.  $5;  200  lbs.  *9;  800  lbs.  $13;  MX) lbs.  *21.12 


v*°. 


4W 


S' 


P*  ^  ^ 


■'  A-\Y 


140 


'TMK  RUKAL  NKW-VOWKliK 


February  i. 


ALPHA 


PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  tliat  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work  a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  lor  Hooklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


The  Milk  Pail  that 


Keeps 

Milk 

Clean 


IV ill  you  try 
one  I O  Days 
Free  f 


I”  tlie  only  Olio  tlml  In  n  real  at  keeplnir  milk  <  lean. 

There  Ih  no  nlianre  lor  conlalnlnat •oil.  Mill  ,  purr,  amt 
"  tv  eel,  I  oh  L  a  h  It  Im  ill  a  wo  from  the  ™w,  ein.P.  Ill  Into 

the  | »n II  noil  It  In  all  Unit  ,/,„■*  go  then-  “lllil  shelf" 
cali’haa  all  hull  iln.t  „r  tilth  Unit  (alia  In, in  lh„  row  or 
uilihia.  Milk  ‘‘lii,rf>»o  Jon  ref  Iii-.iiiihii  It  I ,  mill  ft  |inre. 
The  pall  la  rlithl  ahapeil,  airohK,  iiioiIh  to  Inal,  ;.,/«//  to 
■mthli.  Von  can’t  know  how  Komi  It  In  till  you  m>,  p  Hinl 
try  It.  I'llrn,  »2.r,0,  Aak  your  ilenho  .  Iflm  IniHi’t  It  we 
will  hioiiI  trial  pall  inopald.  Simply  return  It  if  you  don’t 
like  It.  Kl ro  1’llTlllnr.  A, I, Irena 

STERILAC  COMPANY,  S  Merchants  Row,  Boston,  Mass 


Wo  take  nil  cltnmtOH,  for  wo  know  yon  w  III  lllcn  It. 
Belli  pi’i’)«iltl.  If  not  niMhIuoI orv,  rot iirii  ol  our 
oxponw.  All  tliif rymon  approve  It.  '1  In- 

Sterilac  Milk  Pail 


Cook  Feed 

(ltd  largewt  prollU  from  liorw-H, 
row*,  Iiok»,  nlloop  nml  poultry  liy 
leading  rooked  feed.  (,’oatM  In, 
than  mw  to  reneli  market  tupping 
condition.  The  I  'm  inri  *’  Favorite 
I'o'il  (looker  mid  Itollrr  In  practical 
mid  Inrxpemdvo.  Roll*  nan,  render* 
lard,  coo  KM  HClappIc,  idcilll/.cM  milk 
cam  ,  Ih>IIh  Hpraylng  mixture*. 

Send  for  Hjiirlol  enle  11*1,. 

LEWIS  MFC.  CO.,  BuxC.  Cortland, N  T. 


foolish 

question 

No.  41144 


J^Pays  Big 


Did  the  $25.00  to 
$35.00  profit  you  paid 
the  agent  make  his 
cream  separator  any 
better  in  material  or 
workmanship?  That’s 
a  foolish  question,  but 
there’s  a  sensible 
answer  to  it  in  the 
Economy  Chief  Dairy 
Guide  for  1911.  A 
postal  card  will  bring 
it  to  you  free.  Write 
today. 

% 

) 

Sears,  Roebuck  and  Co. 

Chicago,  Illinois 


BALANCING  HOME-GROWN  FOOD. 

Will  you  give  rue  a  balanced  ration  for 
illcli  cow  for  producing  ••.  good  (low  of 
milk  and  making  butter?  Corji  on  the  car, 
oats  and  wheat  I  have  raised  on  farm,  to¬ 
gether  witli  clover  hay  and  coarse  corn  fod¬ 
der  and  oat  straw.  Gluten  meal,  $1.50  per 
100;  linseed  meal,  $2.50  per  100,  hut  think 
that  to  be  high  priced,  i'dw  is  Holstein 
grade,  fresh,  calf  three  weeks  old.  The 
whole  wheat  to  he  ground,  or  Is  It  better 
to  sell  wheat  and  buy  bran  and  middlings? 
Wheat  05  cents  per  bushel;  bran,  $1.50  per 
100;  middlings,  $1.05  per  100. 

Pennsylvania.  w.  o.  k. 

Your  feed  dealer  seems  to  be  doing 
business  on  the  “get  rich  quick”  style  to 
charge  $2.50  per  100  for  oil  meal  and 
$2  to  $5  per  ton  more  for  other  feeds 
than  the  market  price.  While  wheat  is 
retailing  here  at  $1.20  per  bushel  you 
can  get  but  95  cents.  Under  these  con¬ 
ditions  1  would  not  advise  buying  much 
grain,  for  the  cost  of  hauling  added  to 
the  difference  between  the  cost  and  sell¬ 
ing  prices  would  practically  take  all  the 
profits  off.  For  the  grain  ration  I  would 
suggest  grinding  the  ear  corn,  oats  and 
wheat  all  together  and  mix  three  pounds 
of  gluten  feed  with  six  pounds  of  the 
home-grown  mixture.  (Jive  your  cow 
all  the  clover  hay  and  corn  fodder  she 
will  eat.  This  ration  will  give  you  a 
nutritive  ratio  of  about  1  :  (>,  which  is 
rather  wide,  but  will  produce  fairly 
good  results.  The  price  of  oil  meal 
makes  it  prohibitive.  As  you  have  no 
laxative  or  succulent  feed  in  the  ration 
you  will  have  to  guard  against  constipa¬ 
tion.  if  your  cow  has  any  trouble  in 
this  respect  1  would  suggest  feeding  a 
little  molasses  or  beet  pulp  with  the 
grain  ration  if  it  can  he  procured  in 
your  locality.  c.  s.  0. 

A  CONCRETE  STABLE  FLOOR. 

On  page  1010  of  last  year  11.  A.  J. 
asks  for  information  in  regard  to  lay¬ 
ing  cement  floors  over  plank,  and 
whether  two  inches  thick  would  be  heavy 
enough.  I  have  had  a  little  experience 
along  this  line,  and  my  opinion  is,  that, 
unless  your  floor  was  absolutely  solid, 
which,  over  a  basement  would  be  al¬ 
most  impossible,  it  would  not,  hut  would 
crack  and  leak,  lit  Mr.  Brigham's  plan 
in  the  same  article,  1  think  that  it  would 
he  much  better  to  place  the  fence  wire 
reinforcement  near  the  bottom,  than  near 
the  top,  for  though  while  near  the  top 
it  would  help  keep  the  floor  from  c  rack¬ 
ing,  if  placed  near  the  bottom,  it  would 
not  only  do  this,  hut  would  also  ma¬ 
terially  strengthen  the  floor,  as  before 
any  part  could  settle  the  wires  must  be 
broken,  or  the  hard  top  coating  be 
crushed  together.  Five  years  ago  1  built 
some  box  stalls,  or  pens,  in  my  barn, 
over  a  basement.  The  cross  sills  were 
heavy  timbers,  supported  on  posts  K!  feet 
apart.  The  joists  were  12  feet  long,  and 
placed  three  feet  apart.  Over  these  I 
laid  a  floor  of  two-inch  plank,  spiking 
them  down  firmly,  and  where  there  were 
any  cracks,  through  which  the  mortar 
would  run,  1  tacked  lath  on  the  under 
side  to  stop  them.  Over  this  plank  floor  1 
laid  a  coat  about  one  inch  thick,  composed 
of  one  part  cement  to  two  parts  sand  and 
two  parts  clean  gravel.  Before  this 
hardened  enough  to  prevent  nailing 
through  it,  I  laid  on  it  heavy  woven  wire 
fencing,  being  careful  to  let  the  edges 
lap  over  nearly  a  foot,  and  fastened  it 
to  the  sides,  and  to  the  plank  floor,  with 
wire  staples.  I  then  put  on  another  coat 
of  concrete  to  two  inches  thick, 

mixed  same  as  bottom  layer,  and  finished 
with  a  coat  about  one  inch  thick,  of  one 
part  cement  to  two  of  sand,  raising  it 
thicker  at  edges  to  prevent  moisture  get¬ 
ting  in  next  to  boarding.  Ever  since 
built,  these  pens  have  been  occupied, 
practically  all  the  time,  by  horses,  colts, 
calves  or  hogs,  and  the  floors  are  still 
as  perfect  as  the  day  they  were  laid, 
while,  in  two  other  pens,  built  the  year 
before,  and  floored  with  two  thicknesses 
of  plank,  with  tarred  roofing  paper  be¬ 
tween  them,  the  floors  are  getting  unsafe, 
although  used  only  a  part  of  the  time, 
and  never  occupied  by  hogs.  1  have 
since  tried  one  or  two  experiments  with 
lighter  floors  and  without  the  wire  re¬ 
inforcement  and  they  have  proved  fail¬ 
ures.  I  am  now  thinking  about  a  con¬ 
crete  roof  for  some  small  outbuild¬ 
ings.  Will  some  one  who  has  had  ex¬ 
perience  tell  of  their  success  along  this 
line?  w.  m.  H. 

Constable,  N.  Y. 


Front  Door,  $4.60 


Suir 

Neweb 


Price 

$2.57 

w* 

Price 

$2.86 


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PETER  COOPER’S  PURE  BONE  DUST 

THE  OLD  RJCLIABIjIS  SINCE  1827 

STERLING  BRANDS  OF 
COMPLETE  FERTILIZERS 

SPECIAL  BLENDS  FOR  SPECIAL  CROPS 

••  Send  fire  Hooklet.  ;  ; 

PETER  COOPER'S  FERTILIZER, 


for  the  land’s  sake 

use  Bowker’s  fertilizers.  They  enrich 

the  earth  and  those  who  till  it.  It  pays 

the  farmer  to  buy  and  it  pays  the  a^ent 

to  sell  Bowker’s;  the  former  because 

they  ^ive  bij^  field  results,  and  the  latter 

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popular  favor  make  them  easy  to  sell. 

Forty  years  of  experience,  prompt  service, 
the  best  materials,  the  best  faeilities  are  behind 
every  bag  of  Bowker’s.  A  brand  to  tit  every 
crop  and  every  pocket  book. 

We  want  agents  wherever  we  are  not  now 
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}  f  A  Buys  the  Genuine 
0  U  100-Egg  Unito  Incubator  I 
■■■  100-Chick  Brooder  $3.50 

Only  $10  for  Both  Together] 

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for  offer  quick. 

The  United 
Factories 
Company 


llepl.XSl 
(  It  \«  I  uml, 

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BUCKEYES 

50  EGG 

INCUBATOR 


6 


Rlmplo.  self-regulallng,  complete. 
Guaranteed  to  hatch  every  hatchahlo 
egg.  Sold  on  40  days  trial  with  money 
hack  In  case  of  failure.  180,000  In  uso 
If  your  dealer  doosn  t  keep  them  Write  to  us.  We'll  send 
you  our  catalogue  and  two  books,  “Making  Money  the 
Buckeye  Way’Tand  “51  Chicks  from  50  Kggs.“  Free 
THE  BUCKEYE  INCUUIOB  0,  508  W,  EofUd  1.MU0,  SprtnBlWd.'llWo. 

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Than  You  Can  Build  ' 


Sold  Choapor 


MAKE  HENS  LAYH 


morr  ;  forger,  morn  vigorous  chicks; 
I  f heavier  lowh,  l»y  lcrtlmg  cut  bone. 

IVV-JI/W  IIJLIIU’Q  latest  model 

I  mAHIV  O  HONE  CUTTER 

■  catf  hint,  cu*y,  fine;  nevrr  clogs, 

|1Q  Day*  Frt>  Trial.  No  money  in  advance.  Hook  free. 

HF.W.MANN  CO..  Box  lO.MILFORO.MASS.fll 


Try  Tha 

Bull  Dog  Feed  Grinder 

TO  Day’s  Frets 

You  ran  grind  5000  bu.  of  cob  au<)  corn  to 
txblo  rncai  with  o no  net  of  Rollers  an<l  Con¬ 
caves.  Damp  grain  can’t  clog  it — imilfi 
Won’t  break  it.  lion  only  2  Inch  working 
leverage  which  account*  for  light  running. 
Got  our  FREE  Catalogue  and  Hampton 

CROWN  POINT  MFQ.  CO.. 

204  E.  Road.  Crown  Point,  Ind. 


“Hatching-  Facts”  Free 

I  want  to  send  you  my  1911  Booklet.  Just  send  name  and  address 
on  a  postal— I'll  mail  you  my  latest  edition  of  “Hatching  Facts'* — the  most 
unique  most  convincing  right-to-the-point  piece  of  literature  ever  pub¬ 
lished  on  Incubators  and  Brooders  and  Poultry  Raising  for  Profit.  It  gives 
Vyou  just  what  you  want— quick— tells  you  how  to  start  right  at  least 
expense.  <  My  Belle  City  Incubator  won  the  World's  Championship  last 
season.  “Hatching  Facts''  tells  you  all  about  it- tells  you  of  hundreds  of 
other  wonderful  hatches.  Write  for  the  Booklet  today— or  if  in  a  hurry , 
order  direct  from  this  advertisement— hundreds  of  others  do.  I'll  send  book, 
too.  Anyway,  read  remarkable  offer  below:  j.  v.  rouan.  e,a.  c>„  Com.J 

55  140-Egg 

Incubator  Made 

$4.85  Buys  the  Best  Brooder 

Both  Incubator  and  Brooder,  Ordered  Together 

Cost  You  Only  $1 1.50 — Freight  Prepaid 


WHY  PAY  MORE?  Investigate— send  your  namo  and  address 
today,  the  easiest  way,  by  postal  or  letter.  I  tell  you  the 
prices  right  here— anil  how  my  machines  arc  made.  Yon  can 
have  ninety  days’  trial  on  both  incubator  and 
brooder— and  I’ll  send  nil  money  back  If  they 
do  not  do  all  I  represent. 

Bo  sure  to  send  for  my  illustrated,  free  book¬ 
let,  Hutching  Facts.”  But,  If  in  a  hurry,  you 
arc  perfectly  safe  In  ordering  right  now  from 
tills  ad.  Thousands  do  tills  way  every  year. 

1  guarantee  to  ship  all  orders  sent  from  this  nd 
on  day  received— (from  warehouse  neurest  you, 

Sllun-fe’U  .Nu-  ^^“PPointme'itH.  Order  a  Complete  140-Chick 
Belle  City  Hatching  Outfit.  Send  only  *11.50  for  both  Incubator  and 
Brooder— freight  propuld  (East  of  Rockies).  You’ll  surely  need  tho 

140-Chick  Bello 
City  Brooder 
ONLY 

$4.85 


brooder,  too.  So  mnko 
tho  savings.  Satisfaction 
Guaranteed  or  money  back. 

The 


1 40-Egg 
Belle  City  . 
|  Incubator  Only  $7.S5| 
Freight  Prepaid 
East  of  Rockies 


BELLE  CITY 

WORLD’S  CHAMPIONSHIP 

Incubators  and  Brooders 


pH**' 


No  risk,  however  you  order.  B 
editor  of  tills  paper  knows  mo  to  bo 
responsible— I  vo  advertised  In  this  paper  for 
many  years  and  treat  my  customers  liberally 
1  vo  always  given  ray  customers  more  for  their 
money  than  any  other  incubator  manufacturer 
in  the  world;  that’s  why  we  do  so  much  business. 

Belle  City  Incubators  will  hatch  more  cllick- 
ens  under  tho  same  conditions — than  any  other 
Incubator  made,  or  your  money  will  be  refunded. 
I  his  I  guarantee.  Double  walls— dead  air  space  all  over-copper  tank 
find  boiler  hot  writer  heritor  host  regulator — (loop,  roomy  nursery— 
strong  egg  tray— high  legs— double  door— and  everything  that’s  anv 
good  on  an  Incubator—  all  In  the  Bello  City.  “Tycos”  tliermorn  •ter- 
ejrg  tester— burner  and  safety  lamp  Included.  The  Belle  City  Brooder 
is  the  only  one  having  double  walls  and  dead  nir  spaces.  I  guarantee 
it  to  raise  more  healthy  chicks  than  uny  other  Brooder  made. 

I  lot-water  top  hoat— largo,  roomy,  wire  runway  yard,  with  plat¬ 
form — metal  safety  lamp  and  burner. 

Complete  Hatching  Outfit  Only  $11.50 

nvnr  Zfjv000  Jna®j1,p®8  ,n  UHO— nil  doing  perfect  work.  Tho 
Hello  City  should  bo  your  choice.  Scad  your  order  now  or 
send  a  postal  card  for  Hatching  Facts”  booklet  and  full  par¬ 
ticulars.  Don  t  pay  more  than  my  price.  No  machines,  at 
uny  price,  are  hotter  hatchers  or  brooders. 

Mrs.  M.  J.  Clifton,  of  Quinlan,  Oklahoma,  won  tho  World’s 
. .  ,  .  ,  „  Championship  with  her  Bello  City  incubator  by  hatching  tho 

*coro  ,n  Successful  J arming's  1910  prl/.o  contest  of  188  entries 
cauucitv  of  thiT SotM  40  ch‘,?ksi  hatfhed.  This  was  100 %  perfect  on  tho  full 
Ddee  of  ‘theShUlir  ^'iny  Incubators  selling  at  from  2  to  5  times  the  low 

I  B®1”*  City  did  not  equal  or  Oven  approach  this  performance.  Thousands 
of  testimonials  show  you  Bello  City  can  do  best  for  you  ulso. 

-  _  J.  V.  Rohan.  President 

Belle  City  Incubator  Company  Box  48,  Racine,  Wisconsin 


-  jj 


f. 


Read 

This 

Lettor 


Tim  Quakku  Oats  Co., 

Gentlemen: — l  was  feed¬ 
ing  I  bushel  Gluten,  1  bush¬ 
el  Urun,  and  1  bushel  of 
Corarncitl  mixed,  (equal  parts 
hulk)  when  I  wan  advised  to 
feed  1  huxhnl  Gluten  and  2  bushels  of 
Hch  Umar  her  Stock  Feed.  I  was  milk¬ 
ing  18  cows:  in  II  (lays  my  cows  gained 
C 2  11x4.  of  milk.  They  continued  to  do 
fine.  1  used  up  my  supply  of  Hchu- 
maeher  and  went  ufter  more  hut  the 
dealer  was  out.  I  bought  hran  and 
meal  and  went  hack  to  my  former  ra¬ 
tion.  In  2  days  my  rows  dropped  down 
60  lt)H.  in  milk.  I  bought  more  Schu¬ 
macher  lei  soon  an  I  could,  and  am 
getting  very  fin#  reunite  again.  My 
cows  not  only  vivo  more  milk  but  keep 
in  tetter  condition.  1  have  also  fed 
my  horseii  Schumacher  Feed  and  I 
never  had  them  keep  in  an  good  shape 
doing  heavy  work. 

C.  II.  Auras,  Delevan,  N.  Y. 


We  Say  it  Again! 

You  Are  Losing 

Money  end  Milk 

Every  Day  You  Put  Off 

testing  the  Now  Schumacher  feeding  plan.  We  don’t  ask  you  to  take 
our  word  for  this— just  read  the  words  of  your  fellow-dairymen  herewith.  We 
could  fil?  this  and  a  dozen  more  pages  with  letters  like  these  from  the  best 
and  largest  dairymen  in  the  country,  telling  how  thiH  simple  plan 

Saves  $525.  to  $822.  a  Ton 

produces  a  remarkable  increase  in  milk  and  puts  cows  in  the  fin- 
You  certainly  want  such  results,  ftonyt  you 7  You  can  get 
ns  if  you  will  mix 

Schumacher  Feed 

(to  the  amount  of  two-thirds  your  ration)  with  any  protein  concentrates  such  as  Gluten,  Malt  Sprouts, 
Distiller’s  Grains,  Oil  Meal,  Cotton  Seed  Meal,  Blue  Ribbon  Dairy  Feed  or  similar  high  protein  feeds  you 
are  feeding.  That’s  simple — that’s  easy.  The  reason  it  works  ho  well  is: 


A 


on  feed  and  in  addition 
est  kind  of  condition, 
them  as  sure  as  day  dawns 


Gained 
30  lbs. 
\froml* 
Cows 


Milk  prices  were  never  higher.  Coarse  grain  prices  never  moro  favorable,  making  it 
possiblo  to  Bell  Schumacher  at  or  below  the  price  of  bran. 

Schumacher  Feed,  a  kiln  dried,  ground  com,  wheat,  oat  and  barley  products  feed, 
scientifically  blended  is  the  most  perfect  “balance”  you  can  get  to  complete 
a  ration  nuch  as  you  want  for  milk  making  and  to  build  up  and  maintain  good  flesh  and  strength 
so  necessary  to  enable  your  cows  to  stand  long,  heavy  milking  periods. 

By  cutting  down  your  high  cost  concentrates  you  save  $5  to  $8  a  ton— have  a 
better  ration  for  tho  purpose — got  more  milk — and  when  cows  are  dry 


First 
Second: 

i  ration  nuch  i 
bo  necessary  t 

Third: 


they  are  ready  for  tho  butcher  without  any  expensive  “fitting."  A  test  will  prove 
and  please  you.  As  a  hog  feed  you  will  find  Schumacher  especially  fine.  Get  it  at 


your 


dealer,  if  ho  hasn’t  it,  write  us.  By  all  means  try  it  now 
while  every  drop  of  milkmeans  money  to  you 

Tho  Quaker  Oats  Co., 

Chicago ,  U-  S.  A. 


Tub  Qumif.il  Oath  Co.,  r 

Gentlemen:  During  the  past 
few  mouths  I  have  been  feeding 
my  dairy  a  ration  composed  of 
equal  parts  of  Gluten  Feed  ami 
Distillers  Grain.  About  two 
weeks  ago  I  left  out  the  Dis¬ 
tillers  Grain  and  began  using 
Schumacher  Feed  In  Its  plan 
and  feeding  Just  the  same 
amount.  In  2  days  my  dairy  has 
gained  DOlbfi.  of  milk  per  day.  Ill 
of  these  cows  have  been  milked 
since  last  March  and  April. 

The  most  important  point  In 
this  test  Is  the  fact  Uint.  while 
Schumacher's  cost  me  $fi.(KI  per 
ton  less  than  liieDlHtillersGruIn, 
my  cows  actually  gained  In  milk 
production  |»y  feeding  it,  and  at 
a  time  when,  as  every  dairyman 
knows,  it  is  the  tendency  for  cows 
that  have  boon  milked  continu¬ 
ously  as  long  as  these  have, 
to  shrink. 

J.  K.  Mtiiikay,  Freedom,  N.Y. 


_ _ _ _ 

You  Will  Find  Schumacher  Stock  Feed  Especially  Fine  For  Hogs.  Try  It. 


148 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


February  4, 


The  Henyard. 


As  noted,  it  is  slow  starvation  for  the 
younger  set  to  feed  together  chicks  of  two 
sizes,  but  something  may  be  gained,  if  it 
is  unavoidable,  by  establishing  “cities  of 
refuge”  with  good  food  inside  palings  just 
large  enough  to  let  the  kids  through, 
taking  care  to  reset  the  bars  as  they  grow. 

F.  c. 

I  did  not  like  the  statement  that  the 
book,  “  The  Business  lien,”  was  prepared 
nearly  20  years  ago,  when  it  was  compiled, 
copyrighted  and  sent  out  as  a  premium  in 
1004.  1  consider  it  a  good  work  and  like 

The  It.  N.-Y.,  but  when  you  call  down  other 
people  whose  papers  do  not  lit  the  goods, 
it  disgusts  me  to  read  statements  so  utterly 
at  variance  with  the  facts.  No  doubt  great 
changes  have  come  in  20  years,  but  not  such 
an  awful  lot  in  seven.  However,  I  en¬ 
close  the  dollar  to  see  if  there  is  the  great 
difference  between  the  two  books. 

New  Hampshire.  i.  m.  woolson. 

We  like  deep  scratching  in  the  hen- 
and  it  is  05  per  cent  or  more  new  blood. 
yard,  and  a  little  scrapping  shows  quality, 
bur  friend  is  wrong.  The  writer  compiled 
"  The  Business  lien  ”  in  1800.  We  admit 
it  was  not  much  of  a  book  then,  but  that 
was  the  date — 20  years  ago.  Again,  in 
1004,  the  book  was  revised  and  issued  as 
"  A  New  Brood.”  Now  it  has  been  re¬ 
written  and  issued  as  “  The  Latest  Hatch,” 

I  have  been  reading  “Hope  Farm  Notes,” 
page  58,  about  hens.  1  would  like  to  give 
an  account  of  30  White  Wyandotte  pullets 
and  their  egg  record  for  the  month  of 
December,  1010.  These  30  pullets  laid  021 
eggs,  at  an  average  price  here  of  50  cents 
per  dozen.  They  were  all  hatched  between 
May  1  and  .June  8  and  were  raised  in  a 
yard  about  30  feet  square;  51%  dozens  at 
50  cents  per  dozen.  .$25.87.  1  cannot  tell 

just  what  it  costs  to  keep  a  hen  a  year, 
as  we  have  some  table  scraps,  but  would 
say  one-half  cent  per  day  is  a  fair  price, 
counting  feed  at  retail  price.  J.  E.  W. 

So.  Glens  Falls,  N.  Y. 

I  notice  an  inquiry  for  a  cure  for  gapes. 
Having  struggled  to  raise  chickens  on  an 
old  place  infested  with  the  gape  worm,  and 
losing  numbers,  I  have  found  copperas  the 
best  thing.  For  two  years  1  have  not 
onlv  kept  chicks  up  on  boards  four  weeks, 
but  given  copperas  in  drinking  water  daily 
from  very  first  till  at  least  two  months  old- 
in  fact,  all  Summer.  Last  Summer  1  did 
not  have  a  case  of  gapes,  and  Summer  be¬ 
fore  very  few.  A  lump,  size  of  grain  of 
corn,  to  a  pint  of  water.  My  pullets,  not 
having  been  stunted  by  the  gapes,  have  done 
better  this  Winter  than  any  1  ever  raised. 
1  also  have  had  less  trouble  with  white 
diarrncea  with  chicks  in  brooders  since 
using  copperas,  or  sulphate  of  iron. 

West  >  irginia.  mks.  b.  w.  t. 

1  just  read  the  article  about  the  Jersey 
hens,  from  Mr.  W.  J.  Dougau ;  they  cer¬ 
tainly  break  the  world's  record.  He  must 
get  an  average  of  20  dozen  per  hen,  and 
average  50  cents  per  dozen,  or  he  must 
get  52  dozen  per  hen  in  a  year,  which  will 
be  384  eggs  in  365  days,  because  I  think 
30  cents  per  dozen  the  year  around  is  about 
all  a  farmer  or  poultry  man  can  get  for 
tahle  use.  I  do  not  believe  a  hen  can  be 
kept  for  less  than  a  dollar  per  year.  I 
will  give  you  my  bill  of  fare.  1  have  2o0 
chickens,  ‘including  the  roosters,  divided  in 
three  sections.  The  morning  feed  is  12 
quarts  of  wheat,  worth  about  30  cents. 
At  noon  a  mash — live  pounds  of  beef 
scraps— 16  cents;  at  night,  about  one-half 
bushel  of  corn,  worth  25  cents ;  six  quarts 
of  oats  for  the  hopper,  worth  10  cents; 
loan  in  the  hopper  and  mash,  worth  nine 
cents;  total,  90  cents.  Besides  this,  for 
the  mash,  about  one-half  peck  of  second- 
grade  potatoes  and  some  short-cut  Alfalfa, 
and  all  the  mangels  and  cabbage  they  will 
eat,  which  I  do  not  charge,  because  the 
droppings  would  be  worth  that,  and  no 
charge  for  straw  for  scratching ;  no  charge 
for  grit  and  oyster  shells.  Ninety  cents 
a  day  would  be  $328.50  per  year,  or  a  trifle 
over  $1.29  per  head.  H.  r.  Y. 

I’erkiomen  Valley,  l’a. 


Hens  Eating  Eggs. 

I  am  troubled  with  my  hens  eating  eggs; 
not  much,  but  a  few  of  them.  Is  there 
anything  I  can  do?  Would  it  be  caused 
by  improper  feeding?  1  feed  dry  mash 
composed  of  ground  clover,  cornmeal  and 
mixed  feed  in  equal  proportion,  and  about 
half  as  much  animal  meal.  They  have 
oyster  shells  before  them  and  cracked  corn 
lor  scratch  food.  A.  C.  W. 

New  Hampshire. 

They  probably  got  into  the  habit  through 
tasting  an  egg  broken  by  accident.  If 
there  are  only  a  few  egg  eaters  we  should 
catch  them  at  it  and  take  them  out.  Cut 
off  the  end  of  the  bill  so  it  will  hurt  them 
to  strike  an  egg  with  it.  Generally  it 
pays  best  in  the  long  run  to  kill  the  few 
egg  eaters  as  you  catch  the  first  ones.  It 
sometimes  helps  to  “doctor  an  egg  by 
blowing  out  the  contents  and  refilling  the 
shell  with  red  pepper  and  mustard.  Then 
let  the  egg  eater  sample  it.  A  special  nest 
can  be  made  of  leather  or  burlap  with  a 
hole  in  the  bottom,  through  which  the  new- 
laid  egg  rolls  onto  a  soft  place  below. 

Business  Hens  and  the  Census. 

I  noticed  some  time  ago  an  article  by  a 
correspondent  of  Thio  K.  N.-Y.  in  regard 
to  the  poultry  and  egg  industry  of  the 
country,  whether  the  census  returns  could 
be  relied  upon ;  but  I  have  come  to  the 
conclusion  that  if  our  Government  census 
is  as  inaccurate  and  unreliable  in  all  re¬ 
spects  as  in  regard  to  the  poultry  industry 
there  can  be  but  little  confidence  placed  in 
any  of  the  reports.  I  presume  there  are 
verv  few  people,  comparatively  speaking, 
who  know  that  the  last  two  Government 
enumerations  took  no  account  of  the  poul¬ 
try  or  other  live  stock,  except  horses,  in 
any  of  the  cities  or  villages  of  the  country, 
and  very  few  people,  I  believe,  have  any 
idea  of  the  enormous  number  of  “  business 
liens  ”  there  are  in  the  cities  and  villages 
of  the  country.  Taking  this  village  as  an 
example,  with  a  population  of  about  5,000, 
I  think  it  safe  to  say  that  there  were  as 
many  fowls  (counting  the  chickens  raised 
and  the  fowls  kept)  as  there  were  in¬ 
habitants  during  the  last  census  year. 
Within  sight  of  my  home  there  arc  16 
people  who  keep  anywhere  from  10  to  100 
fowls,  and  1  think  this  is  perhaps  an 
average  locality,  and  if  that  is  the  case 


in  this  village,  what  must  be  the  result 
when  the  thousands  of  villages  of  this 
country  are  considered? 

As  to  my  reasons  for  the  statements  I 
have  made  in  regard  to  the  census  re¬ 
turns,  in  the  enumeration  of  1900  I  was 
one  of  the  enumerators,  and  had  the  whole 
town  of  Ballston  to  enumerate,  which  town 
contains  a  part  of  the  village  of  Ballston 
Spa,  in  which  I  live,  and  finding  there 
was  nothing  in  regard  to  fowls  except  in 
the  farm  schedules,  I  resolved  to  try  to 
have  the  matter  attended  to  in  the  next,  or 
last,  Government  census.  So,  in  August, 
1907,  1  wrote  to  the  Department  of  Com¬ 
merce  and  Labor,  calling  attention  to  the 
facts,  and  asking  that  the  Department  have 
the  matter  attended  to,  and  received  the 
following  reply  : 

“  Keplying  to  your  letter  of  recent  date, 
concerning  the  enumeration  of  fowls  in 
cities  and  villages,  1  thank  you  for  your 
suggestion,  and,  in  formulating  the  sched¬ 
ules  for  the  agricultural  census  of  1910,  the 
matter  will  be  given  consideration.” 

“H.  I*.  C'lIII.DEUS, 

“  Acting  Chief  of  Division.” 

Then  imagine  my  surprise  when  the 
enumerator  came  around  last  Summer  to 
find  there  had  been  nothing  done  in  regard 
to  the  matter.  It  seems  to  me  that  the 
people  of  the  country  should  know  these 
things,  so  that  they  can  form  a  more  cor- 
cstimate  of  the  value  of  the  census 


rect 
reports. 

New  York. 


B, 


N.  G. 


Mud  and  Hen’s  Toes. — About  a  week 
after  writing  you  about  growths  on  hen’s 
feet  1  discovered  it  was  just  mud  and  wet 
horse  manure  which  they  had  been  scratch¬ 
ing  in  in  their  yard.  After  closing  them 
up  with  nothing  but  straw  to  scratch  in 
the  lumps  soon  disappeared,  but  in  one 
case  at  least  the  toenail  came  off  with  the 
lump  knocked  off  in  running.  They  arc 
doing  very  nicely  now,  and  are  beginning  to 
lay  fairly  well.  H.  J.  F. 

Giassport,  I’a. 

Rearing  Deer  by  Hand. 

Can  a  deer  or  young  fawn  eight  or  10 
or  12  weeks  old  be  raised  by  hand,  and 
how  long  must  it  have  milk  after  taken 
away  from  its  mother?  Can  a  deer  be 
trained  to  a  halter  to  be  tied  up  like  a 
calf?  J-  s.  k. 

Tylersville,  Pa. 

Fawns  are  usually  taken  from  the  doe 
when  10  or  15  days  old  and  reared  with 
cow’s  milk.  This  is  the  only  way  to 
make  them  perfectly  tame.  We  are  about 
to  issue  a  bulletin  on  the  subject  of  rais¬ 
ing  deer,  and  nearly  all  your  correspon¬ 
dent's  questions  can  be  answered  from  the 
experience-  of  breeders  given  in  the  bul¬ 
letin.  D.  E.  LANTZ, 

Assistant  Biologist. 


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BRYAN  DRUG  CO.,  Chatham,  N.  J. 


Good  for 


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Sloan’s  Liniment  is  an  excellent 
remedy  to  keep  on  the  farm  for 
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cholera,  chicken  distemper  and 

roup.  HERE’S  PROOF. 

Mr.  O.  Bullock,  of  Sims,  N.C.,  writes: — “I 
have  used  Sloan’s  Liniment  for  twenty  years  for 
horses,  hogs,  chickens,  cows  and  myself.  If  a 
horse  or  mule  gets  sick  I  give  him  some  of  your 
medicines  and  I  cure  him.  Your  medicines  are 
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GOOD  FOR  HOGS. 

Mr.  Geo.  Oswald,  of  Cameron,  Mo.,  writes: 
“My  hogs  are  sick  and  I  am  trying  your  Lini¬ 
ment  on  them.  I  gave- the  first  dose  last  night 
and  the  worst  one  is  up  today  making  its  bed.” 

SLOANS 

LINIMENTI 

is  an  antiseptic  remedy,  very  pen¬ 
etrating,  needs  no  rubbing. 

Price,  50  cents  and  $1.00. 

Book  on  care  of  stock  sent  free. 

Dr.  EARL  S.  SLOAN,  Boston,  Mass. 


Poultry  EXPERTS 

SAY 


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Perhaps,  Mr.  Henman,  you  go  “by  the  book”  and 
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INSTANT  LOUSE  KILLER  KILLS  LICE 


1 911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-VORKER 


149 


HANDLING  INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS. 

Will  you  give  me  information  as  to  how 
Indian  Runner  ducks  are  cared  for,  when 
market  eggs  are  the  consideration?  Can 
they  be  made  to  produce  eggs  in  Fall  and 
Winter  as  hens  do,  and  can  they  do  well  in 
confinement?  What  would  be  the  consump¬ 
tion  of  food  for  a  flock  of  100  Indian  Run¬ 
ners  for  one  year,  from  the  time  they 
reached  egg  producing  size,  which  I  pre¬ 
sume  is  when  they  are  about  six  months 
of  age?  w.  w.  p. 

Lexington,  Ky. 

If  I  were  to  give  the  most  succinct 
and  helpful  rule  possible  in  a  few  words, 
it  would  be  “Keep  the  birds  out  of  the 
wind,  and  feed  considerable  meat”  This 
is  precisely  the  rule  for  best  treatment 
of  hens ;  but  the  ducks  have  this  ad¬ 
vantage;  their  natural  food  is  far  more 
largely  meat  than  is  the  case  with  hens, 
so  that  we  can  feed  this  stimulant  and 
egg-maker  more  freely,  without  the 
same  danger  of  breaking  the  birds  down. 
\  our  question  about  confinement  must 
be  limited  by  a  definition  of  what  we 
mean  by  “confinement.”  Absolute  con¬ 
finement,  such  as  is  often  the  lot  of 
hens  in  Winter,  would,  I  feel  certain, 
result  far  more  fatally  for  ducks  than 
it  sometimes  does  for  hens.  Not  only 
would  it  mean,  in  the  end,  lack  of  eggs, 
but  also,  I  fear,  loss  or  injury  of  the 
ducks.  They  greatly  prefer  the  open 
except  in  the  most  cutting  weather.  Yet 
life  in  the  open  in  a  severe  Winter  will 
not  bring  eggs.  Hence  it  is  a  problem  as 
to  just  how  much  of  a  compromise  to 
make,  and  the  rule  I  gave  at  the  outset 
comes  as  near  a  general  rule  as  one  can 
get.  An  open  shed,  with  possibly  two 
boards  on  the  front  at  the  bottom,  but 
without  cloth  front,  and  with  the  best 
of  soft  bedding  in  at  least  a  portion  of 
it  (six  inches  or  more  deep,  and  re¬ 
newed  often  enough  to  keep  it  fluffy), 
will  furnish  the  best  conditions  in  any 
moderate  temperature.  It  is  possible 
that  those  far  north  will  have  to  close 
the  shelter  at  night.  When  some  one 
of  them  has  tried  it,  I  hope  he  will  let 
me  know.  I  do  know  that  Indian  Run¬ 
ner  ducks  are  raised  in  Canada  and 
New  Brunswick,  and  I  think  Canadians 
know  them  even  better  than  we  of  the 
United  States.  Unless  you  are  in  a 
highland  district,  I  do  not  think  you 
need  more  than  a  shed  and  good  bed¬ 
ding.  In  Summer,  so  far  south,  you 
vyould  be  more  likely  to  have  to  pro¬ 
vide  cool  conditions,  especially  partial 
shade. 

As  to  feed,  the  general  rule,  again, 
will  help  the  largest  number  of  people. 
This  rule  is  that  the  Indian  Runner  is 
fairly  equal  to  a  Leghorn  in  tempera¬ 
ment,  weight,  food  requirements,  etc. 
My  feeder  says  the  ducks  need  a  little 
more  feed  than  the  Leghorns.  It  de¬ 
pends  on  severity  of  weather,  freedom 
of  laying  at  any  specified  time,  etc.  In 
any  case,  if  your  ducks  are  noisy,  at 
any  time  when  they  should  be  quiet,  it 
is  likely  to  be  because  of  hunger.  The 
only  other  condition  in  which  they  are 
noisy,  is  when  they  are  delighted  in 
play.  But  the  noise  then  is  not  the 
loud,  insistent  quack  which  means 
hunger.  Study  of  the  birds  will  show 
you  how  to  handle  them.  Some  get 
eggs  on  mostly  corn ;  others  use  bran 
as  the  base  of  a  mash.  Green  food,  grit 
and  shell  as  with  hens  but  finer.  As 
to  Winter  laying,  reports  vary,  as  with 
hens.  Yearlings  and  early-hatched 
young  ducks  do  most  of  the  Fall  laying. 
January  and  December  are  the  “short” 
months.  Mrs.  IT,  a  mid-West  breeder, 
reports  75  per  cent  of  her  Runners  lay¬ 
ing  by  the  first  of  February.  This  is 
the  best  definite  report  I  know  about. 

c.  s.  v. 

Roman  Guide  (impressively)  :  “The 
ruins  of  the  Coliseum !”  Seattle  Man 
( astonished)  :  “Well,  what  do  you 
think  of  that !  Why,  I  saw  photographs 
of  that  heap  twenty  years  ago.”  Roman 
Guide  (loftily)  :  “Quite  likely,  sir.”  Se¬ 
attle  Man :  “But  why  in  thunder  aren’t 
those  ruins  cleared  away  and  a  modern 
Coliseum  erected?" — New  Orleans  Pic»r 
yune. 


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This  new  Year  Book  for  1911  tells  about  the  wonderful 
money-making  possibilities  in  raising  chickens.  It  states 
that  over  one  billion  dollars  will  be  the  total  value  of  the 
poultry  and.  eggs  produced  in  America  in  1911.  And  it 
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212  Page  Guide  to  Poultry  Profits 


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and  address  today.  We 
want  to  hear  from  every 
farmer  who  realizes  the 
true  importance  of  the 
poultry  industry — who 
wants  to  make  more 
money  from  his  present 
acreage  and  who  wants 
to  know  how  to  go 
about  it.  That’s  the 
true  intensive  spirit.  It’s 
the  spirit  that  is  mak¬ 
ing  farmers  successful. 

Our  1911  Book  “Prof¬ 
itable  Poultry  Raising” 
will  make  the  way  clear 
to  you.  It  makes  it  easy 
for  the  inexperienced  to 
start  with  asmall  invest¬ 
ment  and  certainty  of 
success.  Don’t  confuse 
it  with  ordinary  catalogs 


;  :*-PR0FSTA3L£f  "' 
POULTRY  RAISINS 


I  : 


cjXnrrt  C*T»ioGuCi«..Di,cvi:x'K'V?a,iM  _ 

,  CYPHERS  INCUEATORl 
"  COMPANY  fl 

BUFFAt-O.  N.Y.  U.S.  A.  T 

'  ■  b*  -  - 

INCUBATORS. BROOOF.RS  ' 

KL  POJCTRY  APPLIANCES.  POODS 
“*  AND  STANDARD  SUPPLIES 

ISM 


Free,  Postpaid  to  Any  Address  If 
You  Mention  This  Paper 


Poultry  and  eggs  are  two  of  your  most  important  crops. 
Don’t  forget  that ! 

They  are  worth  your  best  effort  and  best  attention.  You 
must  have  the  right  equipment — a  real  incubator! 

The  Cyphers  is  the  logical  incubator  for  the  intelligent 
farmer  who  uses  modern  appliances — for  whom  the  best  is 
none  too  good. 

It  is  the  greatest  “hatching  machine”  on  four  legs  that 
was  ever  invented.  The  Standard  Cyphers  is  a  hot  air  ma¬ 
chine— because  that  is  the  best  method.  It  has  absolutely 
no  heat  or  moisture  worries— no  ventilation  or  regulation 
uncertainties.  It  is  used  by  more  Government  Experiment 
Stations,  more  large  poultry  plants,  more  leading  fanciers, 
and  by  more  progressive,  successful  farmers  than  all  the 
others  put  together. 


-it  is  a  text  book  besides,  on  all  branches  of  poultry  rais¬ 
ing-  212  large  pages  full  of  just  the  information  you  need. 
And  every  page  is  interesting,  helpful,  inspiring,  practical. 

See  pictures  of  the  world’s  largest,  best  paying  poultry 
plants.  See  letters  from  users,  farmers,  fanciers,  experi¬ 
ment  stations.  Let  these  people  who  know  give  you  the 
facts  then  profit  by  their  experience.  See  the  Standard 
C  yphers  Incubators  and  Brooders  in  all  sizes,  illustrated 
and  described  in  detail.  Also  our  one  hundred  standard 
poultry  specialties.  Write  for  this  book  now— the  biggest 
book  about  the  biggest  industry — a  billion  dollar  business. 
Send  coupon  below  or  a  postal  now  to  learn  how  to  get 
your  share  of  the  profits. 

Cyphers  Incubator  Company 

Factory  and  Home  Office#,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Branch  Offices  and  Stores: 

N«w  YoHc,  N  Y.  Boston,  Mass.  Chicago,  III 

23  Barclay  St.  12-14  Canal  St.  340-344  PL  Clark  St. 

Ci*y.  M«-  .  Oakland,  Cal.  2,000  Local 

317-319  Southwest  Bird.  1569  Broadway.  Selling  Agents. 


Pimlinve  Incubators  r~  Memory-Jogger  I 

III  lfrlX  s  .  ™s.ier"incLs,  to  send  today  for  Cyphers  Company’s  new 

ana  Brooders  1  b??k  £rofi‘3ble  Poultry  Raising”  and  complete  1911  catalog-  » 

*  wvvswi  O  ,  of  Incubators,  Brooders  and  Poultry  Supplies.  I  have  in  mind  - 

the  purchase  of  a . size  incubator  (or) . size  brooder. 


are  fireproof  and  insurable.  Every  machine  is  fully  and 
positively  guaranteed. 

Don’t  throw  away  your  money  on  a  cheap,  built-to-sell 
incubator— a  never-ending  waste  of  time,  money,  temper 
and  eggs.  Own  a  Cyphers  first— and  you  will  never  know 
what  incubator  troubles  are. 


My  name  is. 


LMy  ad' 


address  is . 

Cypher#  Incubator  Company,  Dept.  38  ,  Buffalo, 


NY  I 


Perfect  Equipment  is  THE  Secret  of  Our  Success! 


With  the  experience 


ence  gained  in  operating  the  largest  Poultry  Plant  in  the  World, 
knowledge  of  the  several  makes  of  incubators  is  greater  than  the  hie 


our 

greater  than  the  manu¬ 
facturers’.  For  the  sake  of  economy  WE 
built  an  incubator  giving  results  never  secured 
by  any  other  make,  and  we  now  offer  it  to  the 
public.  The 

INTERNATIONAL 

Self-Humidifying 

INCUBATOR 


is  responsible  for  our  great  success,  and  will  give  to  the  struggling  beginner 
all  of  the  profits  and  none  of  the  losses.  Absolutely  automatic  in  every 
function,  unvariable  temperature,  certain  moisture  from  the  mo¬ 
ment  of  starting  the  hatch  until  nature  requires  a  cessation  in  order 
to  properly  dry  the  newly-hatched  unit  of  future  profit— so  thor¬ 
oughly  safeguarding  its  entrance  into  poultrydom  as  to  guarantee 
its  livability  when  raised  under  the  very  acme  of  “Foster 
Mothers,”  the 


INTERNATIONAL 


SANITARY 

HOVERS 


This  Hover  makes  possible  the  rearing  of  the  maximum  of  chicks  and  the  minimum 
of  deaths — 90^  to  !Wi)j  live  and  thrive  and  grow,  ft  is  the  only  device  that  contains 
the  active  principle  of  the  hen,  and  the  ingenuity  of  man  can  go  no  further. 

Our  best  efforts  are  centered  in  the  production  of  Day-Old-Chicks  and  Hatching 
Kggs  from  matured  stock.  No  pullets’  eggs  are  used  except  for  table 
purposes. 

We  have  just  completed  our  1911  catalog  on  incubators  and  hovers, 
also  our  stock  catalogue  on  Kuiicociih  Strain  It  A  It  V  CHICKS  and  '' f 
HATCHING  KGGS.  You  are  welcome  to  either  or  both  of  these 
catalogs.  Send  to-day. 

INTERNATIONAL  POULTRY  SALES  COMPANY 
Home  Office,  Box  285.  Brown’s  Mills-in-the- Pines,  N.  J. 

Branch,  21  Barclay  Street,  New  York  City 


125  Egg  Incubator  and  Brooder 


Why  pay  more  than  onr  price f  If  ordered  together  we  send 
both  machines  for  810.00,  and  pay  all  the  'freight  charges, 
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Hot  wate redouble  wails,  dead -air  space  between,  double  glass  doors,  cc 

Nursery  underneath  the  egg- tray. 

~  **  -  mnlntn  nntk  *  n  n,..  -  1 _ _  _ 


®°  cover  inferior  material.  It  you  will  compare  our  machines0 with ^othera*  offered  at  anywhere" 
wtw1’0  of  yonF  arlor*J  Don,t  until  you  do  this— you’ll  Bare  money.  It  pay^to!™ 

vestigato  the  Wisconsin  before  you  buy.  Send  for  the  free  catalog  today,  or  send  J n  your  order  and  save  time 

- - WISCONSIN  INCUBATOR  CO..  Boy  I  18.  Racine,  Wis. 


jj  And  They  Don't  Havo 
to  bo  Fanciers 

Poultry  is  part  of  straight 
I  business  farming— oUen 
the  best  payingpart.Send 
for  1911  Free  catalog  and 
start  right.  Learn  the  way 
Robert  H.  Essex,  the  incu¬ 
bator  authority  and  poultry 
y  expert,  advises.  iThe  1911 
Essex  Model  Incubators  and 
Brooders  are  the  latest  and  best  money  makers  for 
farm  poultry  raising.  Every  man,  woman  and  child 
who  keeps  even  a  few  chickens,  should  read  this 
highly  instructive  book.  Free,  write  for  copy. 

ROBERT  ESSEX  INCUBATOR  CO. 

94  Henry  Street  Bulfalo,  N.  Y. 


ESSEX-MODEL 

isCUBATOB 

r’  gr  QuAurr 


.Buys  both 


An  Incubator  and  Brooder  bar- 
'  gain  unparalleled— the  biggest 
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ever  sold  for  the  price.  You  get 
all  the  best  features  found  on  the 
high  priced  machines  and  in  addi" 
tion  you  get  an  incubator  made  from  special 
heat  and  cold  resisting  material,  with  hundreds 
of  dead  air  cells  which  prevent  absolutely,  tem- 
V  perature  changes  and  insure  perfect  hatches 
every  time.  You  are  safe  in  buying  my  Pro- 
B  gresaive  Incubator,  for  my  “Buy  Back  Guaran- 
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■  factory  and  pay  you  8  per  cent  interest  besides. 

\  PROGRESSIVE 

^  A  pppp  Buy  right  from  this  ad,  or  if  you 
lltLL  want  more  Information  send  at 
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PROGRESSIVE.  INCUBATOR 
CO.,  Bon 46 
Racine, 

WIs. 


FBKIGDT 
PRKI’AIU 
Bast  of  Buckles 


160 

PUBLISHER’S  DESK 

The  spectacular  career  of  Eugene  Pur- 
telle,  the  .  Chicago  broker  who  promoted 
traction  lines  as  a  side  issue  and  his  fail¬ 
ure  for  $707-, 938.11,  as  shown  in  the  Illi¬ 
nois  bankruptcy  courts,  lias  struck  dismay 
to  hundreds  of  farmers  all  along  the  line 
from  Hammond  to  Remington,  where  he 
did  tiling's  that  would  turn  Colonel  J.  Rufus 
Wallingford  green  with  envy.  Purtelle  ap¬ 
peared  in  Indiana  a  year  ago  and  organ¬ 
ized  a  $5,000,000  company,  known  as  the 
Northwestern  Indiana  Traction  Company. 
The  interurban  line  was  to  enter  a  virgin 
field  and  link  together  a  score  of  farming 
communities.  Purtelle’s  stock  in  trade  was 
a  gold  tipped  walking  stick  and  kid  gloves. 
Purtelle  wore  the  gloves  the  hottest  day 
in  Summer  and  it  is  declared  that  the  farm¬ 
er’s  bought  more  shares  on  the  strength 
of  the  gloves  and  walking  cane  than  any¬ 
thing  else.  Purtelle’s  entrance  into  the 
bankruptcy  courts  followed  a  meeting  of 
the  Indiana  stockholders  of  the  traction 
company  in  Hammond  recently,  after  the 
banks  had  received  a  quantity  of  protested 
paper  issued  by  him.  — Exchange. 

Just  as  long  as  farmers  continue  to 
be  an  easy  mark  for  romantic  promoters 
and  get-rich-quick  schemes,  so  long  will 
we  have  experiences  like  the  above  to 
record.  A  wise  use  of  the  money  in 
improvements  of  your  home  and  farm 
would  pay  good  dividends,  and  the  prin¬ 
cipal  would  always  be  safe.  Don’t 
throw  away  your  savings  on  these  fren¬ 
zied  financial  schemes. 

Here  is  some  advice  from  Idaho  re¬ 
garding  a  recent  inquiry : 

On  page  54  “Reader"  asks  about  the 
advisability  of  investing  in  Arcadia  Or¬ 
chard  lands  near  Spokane,  Wash.  I  live 
in  the  foot  hills  just  off  the  land  in  ques¬ 
tion,  and  will  say  that  in  my  opinion 
such  an  investment  would  be  extremely 
risky  unless  the  investor  could  be  on  the 
ground  to  look  after  things.  One  must  re¬ 
member  that  in  this  kind  of  thing  men 
must  be  hired  to  tend  the  orchard,  and  out 
here  hired  hands  seem  rather  short  on 
conscience.  And  there  are  other  things 
that  might  be  said  without  "knocking"  the 
company  promoting  the  scheme.  We  have 
an  ideal  climate  -here  for  apple  growing, 
and  there  are  miles  of  as  line  orchard  as  a 
man  ever  saw,  but  the  owners  are  on  the 
spot  with  both  feet,  and  have  to  be,  for 
while  the  soil  is  fairly  good  the  growers 
have  just  about  the  same  list  of  drawbacks 
as  •in  the  East  and  a  few  extra.  Nor  are 
the  apples  any  better — what  they  gain  in 
color  they  lose  in  flavor.  Moreover,  labor 
costs  about  twice  as  much  out  here  ($2  to 
$2.50  per  day,!,  teams  something  more  than 
that,  and  labor  is  on  the  whole  unreliable, 
seeming  Jo  hold  a  grudge  against  you  for 
owning  anything.  Supplies  cost  consider¬ 
ably  more,  and  we  have  a  merchants’  com¬ 
bine  that  makes  the  high  cost  of  living  a 
dead  •certainty.  Aside  from  this  the  land 
prices  are  inflated  to  the  breaking  point, 
and  the  water  systems  leave  much  to  be 
desired,  although  I  am  told  that  good 
water  may  be  obtained  in  unlimited  quan¬ 
tities  by  drilling  from  100  to  200  feet  al¬ 
most  anywhere  in  the  Spokane  Valley. 
Take  note  that  short  water  spells  failure 
in  tli is  country  as  a  general  thing.  The 
grading  laws  are  very  strict  and  the  large 
amount  of  inferior  fruit  culled  out  must 
usually  be  unloaded  on  an  overstocked 
market. 

As  ’to  trucking,  the  local  season  is  just 
right  to  catch  tiro  low  prices,  and  com¬ 
petition  has  in  the  past  been  very  keen. 
The  early  market  is  supplied  by  the  Co¬ 
lumbia  River  gardens.  In  the  Winter  prac¬ 
tically  everything  is  “dead,”  with  plenty 
of  rough  characters  roaming  about,  and  I 
might  say  that  the  parents  who  bring  up 
a  daughter  or  sou  to  maturity  in  un¬ 
tarnished  purity  are  to  be  congratulated, 
to  say  the  least.  On  the  other  hand  we 
have  a  glorious  country,  a  line  city,  good 
loads,  fair  railroad  facilities,  a  healthy 
circulation  of  money  and  plenty  of  room 
for  the  man  who  knows  and  hustles  and 
hangs  on.  Any  one  interested  may  learn 
the  good  side  by  corresponding  with  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  Spokane,  Wash., 
but  take  it  from  me,  it’s  no  Garden  of 
Eden,  though  the  old  snake  is  in  evidence 
and  the  forbidden  fruit  plentiful.  I  might 
add  that  the  merchants  here  are  combin¬ 
ing  to  light  parcels  post,  saying  that  it 
benefits  no  one  but  the  mail  order  houses. 
God  help  their  poor  little  souls — but  it’s 
parcels  post  for  us  just  the  same,  and  on 
a  26-pound  basis  I  think  it  would  be  easy 
to  lix  that  consumer’s  dollar  business. 

Idaho.  o.  F.  h. 

Charged  with  using  the  mails  in  a  scheme 
to  defraud  William  W.  Wheatley,  formerly 
of  Manchester,  N.  II.,  arrested  in  Lawrence 
following  a  number  of  complaints  that  had 
been  made  of  him  to  Chief  Letherman  of 
the  Boston  staff  of  postofiice  inspectors, 
was  held  in  $3,000  bail  for  a  hearing  Janu¬ 
ary  10.  XVheatly,  when  placed  under  ar¬ 
rest,  was  doing  a  commission  business  with 
headquarters  in  a  blacksmith  shop  at  No. 
(540  Essex  street,  Lawrence.  It  is  charged 
that  he  defrauded  farmers  in  various  parts 
of  New  England  and  Canada  out  of  thou¬ 
sands  of  dollars  worth  of  goods  that  had 
been  shipped  to  him  by  them.  Dealing  only 
in  sample  car  lots  of  hay,  grain,  lumber, 
coal  and  potatoes,  Wheatley,  it  is  alleged, 
would  defer  payment  until  the  shippers 
were  weary  of  his  complaints  concerning 
the  quality  of  tbe  goods.  Then  lie  would 
offer  about  one-third  of  the  value  of  the 
shipment,  but  in  hardly  any  ease  made  pay¬ 
ment.  Inspector  Robinson,  who  was  de¬ 
tailed  on  the  case,  received  about  70  com¬ 
plaints  against  Wheatley,  who  has  been  liv¬ 
ing  with  his  family  in  Winchester.  Wheat- 
ley.  at  one  time,  did  business  at  No.  185 
Summer  street,  Boston,  as  the  Wheatley 
Hay,  Grain  and  Lumber  Company.  Re¬ 
cently  he  filed  a  bankruptcy  petition  in 
New  Hampshire  with  liabilities  of  nearly 
$17,000  and  lawyers  there  for  creditors 
have  gone  into  the  details  of  his  transac¬ 
tions  in  an  attempt  to  show  fraud.  While 
in  Manchester,  Wheatley’s  family  lived  at 
the  North  End,  the  wealthy  residential  sec¬ 
tion  of .  the  city,  and  moved  in  the  best 
society. — Exchange. 

Our  people  will  remember  that  as 
usual  we  got  ahead  of  the  post  office 
on  this  case.-  In  issue  of  April  2  last 
we  gave  the  experience  we  had  with 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


February  4, 


Mr.  Wheatley  in  trying  to  collect  a  bill 
for  a  shipment  of  wood.  From  the 
nature  of  such  cases,  we  can  often  learn 
the  tricks  long  before  the  inspectors  can 
get  evidence  to  make  arrests.-  \\  e  can 
caution  our  own  people,  but  after  all  it 
takes  the  Government  to  put  them  out 
of  business,  and  the  inspectors  never 
did  better  work  than  now.  Every  de¬ 
cent  citizen  ought  to  feel  it  a  personal 
obligation  to  give  them  every  assist¬ 
ance  possible. 

I  have  some  small  savings  on  which  the 
local  bank  pays  three  per  cent.,  but  it  takes 
most  of  that  to  pay  the  taxes — and  banks  do 
“burst” — according  to  the  papers.  Please 
tell  me  if  a  person  who  has  only  small  sav¬ 
ings — several  hundred  dollars  to  a  thousand 
— can  invest  in  government  bonds.  What 
per  cent,  they  pay  and  if  registered  ones 
mav  be  had  iii  the  small  amounts?  Would 
aot  such  bonds  be  about  sure  of  bringing 
their  face  value  at  any  time? 

How  and  where  can  one  procure  such 
bonds?  c.  M.  L. 

Indiana. 

Government  bonds  may  be  bought 
through  any  local  bank  or  any  respon¬ 
sible  stock  brokerage  firm,  like  Henry 
Clews,  of  New  York;  but  such  small 
investments  are  well  and  safely  deposited 
with  savings  banks,  which  pay  four  per 
cent  interest  and  are  not  subject  to 
taxes.  These  strong  savings  banks  are 
as  safe  as  anything  human  can  be.  The 
best  place  for  investing  savings  is  of 
course  in  your  own  neighborhood  where 
you  know  the  people  and  the  security, 
and  you  get  paid  for  your  own  super¬ 
vision  in  placing  the  loan  and  watching 
it  afterwards.  This  ought  to  return 
five  to  six  per  cent.  Next  to  this  we 
would  recommend  the  strong  savings 
banks  where  the  banks  do  the  super¬ 
vision  and  you  get  the  value  of  the 
money  only,  about  four  per  cent. 

Demands  will  be  made  upon  Congress,  it 
is  said,  for  an  investigation  of  the  wireless 
telegraph  situation  throughout  the  United 
States.  Letters  are  being  sent  to  members 
asking  that  the  matter  be  taken  up.  These 
letters  charge  that  a  conspiracy  was  set  on 
foot  to  destroy  the  United  Wireless  Tele¬ 
graph  Company  because  its  present  officers 
would  not  surrender  $5;000,000  worth  of 
stock. 

If  that  was  really  the  object  of  destroy¬ 
ing  the  company — a  proposition  which 
we  question — then  this  is  one  instance 
when  a  good  result  followed  a  bad  pur¬ 
pose.  It  is  becoming  a  habit  with  finan¬ 
cial  crooks  to  put  up  a  bluff  to  Congress 
in  an  effort  to  attract  attention  from  their 
misdeeds  and  win  a  show  of  sincerity  for 
their  feigned  indignation.  The  Federal 
Grand  Jury  has  already  found  indict¬ 
ments  against  tbe  wireless  promoters,  and 
from  recent  experience  with  the  Federal 
courts,  we  judge  it  will  take  more  than 
a  bluff  to  overcome  tbe  cold  fact  to  be 
established -when  tbe  accused  promoters 
stand  before  the  bar  in  criminal  proceed¬ 
ings.  J-  J-  il 


Don’t  Put  Off  Painting — 
It  Will  Prove  Costly 

The  longer  you  put  off  painting 
the  more  oil  and  lead  the  job 
will  take. 

While  you  wait  your  buildings 
rot,  exposed  to  the  weather. 

The  cost  of  paint  made  of 

“  Dutch  Boy  Painter’’ 

white  lead  and  pure  linseed  oil  is  not 
so  high  as  you  may  think. 

For  an  average  house,  the  cost  now 
of  this  genuine  old-fashioned,  mixed- 
’  -  to-order  pure  white  lead  paint  is  not 
more  than  $4  or $5  greater  than  it 
used  to  be.  Much  cheaper  than 
repair  bills. 

Write  for  our  free 
"Painting  Helps  No.  308 ” 

NATIONAL  LEAD 
COMPANY 

NewYorlc  Cleveland  Chicago 
St.  Louis  Boston  Buffalo 
Cincinnati  San  Francisco 
(John  T.  Lewis  A-  Bros.  Co.. 
Philadelphia) 

(National  Lead  and  Oil  Co., 
Pittsburgh) 


AND  UPWARD 

SENT  ON  TRIAL 
FULLY 

GUARANTEED. 


— AMERICAN  == 

SEPARATOR 

A  brand  new,  well  made,  easy  running,  easily 
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Skims  warm  or  cold  milk.  Makes  thick  or  thin 
cream.  Thousands  in  use  giving  splendid  satis¬ 
faction.  Different  from  this  picture  which  illus¬ 
trates  our  large  capacity  machines.  The  bowl 
is  a  sanitary  marvel  and  embodies  all  our  latest 
improvements.  Our  richly  illustrated  catalog 
tells  all  about  it.  Our  wonderfully  low  prices  on 
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you.  We  sell  direct  to  user.  No  agents.  Our 
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a  success  of  a  big  poultry  farm 
or  small  flock. 

If  it  is  a  Barred  Rock,  Ask 
if  it  is  Pittsfield  Strain 

“Money  Ataking  Poultry”  was 
prepared  by  F.  W.  Briggs. 
America's  leading  poultryman, 
whose  breed  in  Maine  Barred 
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It  tells  how  he  cares  for  his 
flocks  on  the  Pittsfield  farm 
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for  hatching.  Write  to¬ 
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THE  FARMER’S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  P.eds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOis.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 

INGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS— Quality 


S 


BUGS  $1 .00 — Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
_ try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  I,nrge  illus¬ 
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FREE  TO  FARMERS 

A  Valuable  160-page  book  entitled 

“SILO  PROFITS” 

Written  by  200  of  the  most  successful 
Feeders,  Farmers  and  Dairymen  In 
the  World.  (L^*  Every  farmer  In 
America  should  read  tills  book,  and 
as  long  as  our  supply  of  these  books 
last  we  will  mail  one  copy  free  to 
each  person  asking  for  it.  It  gives 
theactual  experience  of  these  farm¬ 
ers  and  In  their  own  words.  //  III 

Our  Factories  are  located  at  An-  til 
derson,  Ind.,  Des Moines,  Iowa,  and 

Kansas  City.  BiSSQ>Write  NOW  “OM_  D _ r;i  11 

Missouri.  -  JVS?  for  this  book  3110  rrOIllS 
INDIANA  SILO  COMPANY  . 
BIS  Union  Building,  Anderson,  Indiana 

RfiHfi  BROWN  and  White  Leghorn  Hens;  Giant  Bronze 
OUUU  and  White  Holland  Turkeys.  Bred  for  heavy 
winter  lovers.  Numbers  to  suit.'  Prices  reasonable. 

THE  AMERICAN  POL'LTKY  PLANT,  Collins,  Ohio. 


COLUMBIAN  WY ANDOHES— Beauty  &  ut  ility  combined. 
Splendid,  vigorous  Cockerels  and  Pens  mated.  Ad¬ 
dress  RALPH  Woodward,  Box  28,  Grafton,  Mass. 

|  Cock- 
i  erels, 

pure  white,  up  to  standard  weight,  April  hatched; 
full  of  vitality  and  vigor;  ready  for  spring  work. 
Your  choice  for  $2.  R.  R.  TURNER,  The  Plains,  Virginia. 

THURUUGH-BREU  POULTRY— Best  twenty  varieties. 

Good  stock.  Eggs,  15,  $1;  40,  $2.  Catalogue. 
II.  K.  MOHR,  Quakertown,  Pa.,  Route  3. 

p/^p'iT'C'p'CT  Q— Prize -Winning  Breeding 
LU  dVdA-EL  Stock— Black  Orpingtons 
and  Minorcas.  OUUOUETAUG  FARMS,  Uld  Mystic,  Conn. 

Dfl II I  TDYMEM- Send  10  cents  for  our  tine  60- 
rUUL  I  II  I  IllLll  page  Illustrated  Catalogue. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Marietta, Pa. 

Eggs  For  Hatching”  Island  Reds— 

Indian  Runner  Ducks.  Higb-class  stock- 
utility,  sfiow  or  export  SINCLAIR  SMITH,  002 
FifthSt  reet.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. _ 

BUFF  WYANDOTTES  setting  of 

15.  LAWRENCE  KSSELSTYN,  Clnverack,  N.  Y. 

Everything  in  R.  I.  Reds. 

Stock  the  best,  prices  the  lowest.  CHICKS  now 
ready.  Overlook  PooltryFAHM,  Foxboro,  Mass. 

Kean’s  White  Wyandottes. 

Bred  for  large  size,  heavy  laying,  vigor  and  fancy 
purposes.  Eggs,  $10  per  100,  $5  per  45,  $2  per  16. 
A  few  choice  Pullets  yet  to  sell. 

E.  FRANKLIN  KEAN,  Stanley,  N.  Y. 

e  f  Whito  Tfl(nuirnQ~0rders  taken  f°rChicks 

u«  v.  it  111  It  LLj-jllUlllj  and  Pullets.  Eggs  for 
hatching  ready.  All  from  one  of  best  flocks  in  ex¬ 
istence.  My  50-hen  pens  averaged  all  winter  200 
eggs  weekly.  A.  J.  Rosemund,  Hasbrouck  Heights,  N.  J. 

Pure  Bred  Bronze  Turkeys 

From  Prize-winning  Strains.  Stamp.’ 
MRS.  HARRIET  CHUMBLEY,  Draper,  Ya. 


Greider’s  Fine  Catalogue 

of  pure  bred  poultry,  for  1911,  over  200 
pages.  57  colored  pictures  of  fowls,  calen¬ 
dar  for  each  month,  illustrations,  descrip¬ 
tions,  photos,  incubators,  brooders,  and 
all  details  concerning  the  business,  where 
and  how  to  buy  fine  poultry,  eggs  for 
hatching,  supplies,  etc.,  at  lowest  cost. 

Send  15c.  B.  H.  Greider,  Box  58.Rheems.Pa 

RICHLAND  FARMS,  Frederick,  Md. 

Breeders  and  Exhibitors  of 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS, 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS, 

S.  C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS. 

WINNINGS— Madison  Square  Garden,  N.Y.,  1910— 

4th  Pen-S.  C.  BLACK  URPINGTUNS. 

5th  Pen— WHITE  PLYMUUTH  RUCKS. 

Baltimore,  Md.,  1911 — 

1st  Pen— 2d  PULLET  and  5th  CUCKEREL 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHURNS  (three  entries). 

We  are  now  booking  orders  for 
HATCHING  EGGS  and  DAY-OLD  CHICKS. 

We  have  for  sale  at  moderate  prices  the  best  lot 
of  breeding  Cockerels  tluft  we  have  ever  offered. 

UIU ITC  I  cnunRNQ  Wo  will  have  some 
If  HI  It  LtUnUnllO  promising  April 

_ '  a  N  n _  hatched  Single  Comb 

M  u  White  Leghorn  Cock- 

PEKIN  DUCKS 

hatched  Barred  Rock  Cockerels  sired  by  10  pound 
cocks  for  $3.00  and  $5.00  each.  Remember  our 
strain  of  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks,  Madison  Square 
Garden  Blue  Ribbon  Winners,  is  second  to  none. 
Have  1,000  now  to  select  from.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  of  batching  eggs  in  any  quantity  or 
day-old  chicks  and  ducklings.  Also  Bronze  Turkeys 
and  their  eggs  for  sale.  Incubators  10,000  eggs  ca¬ 
pacity.  Cyphers  agents.  Correspondence  invited. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.  The  only  large  successful 
plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City.  Donnie 
Drae  Poultry  Farm,  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 

IVIT.  PLEASANT  FARM 

A  breeding  establishment  of  250  acres, 
devoted  to  developing  the  best 

IS.  O.  W.  LiEGHOmM IS 

Fine  Breeding  Cockerels  at  reasonable  prices. 

MT.  PLEASANT  FARM,  Box  Y,  HAVRE  DE  GRACE,  Maryland. 

Kirkup’s  Utility  Strain  SX.  White  Leghorns 

Bred  for  vigor,  size  and  large  white  market  eggs. 
Eggs  and  Baby  Chicks  for  sale.  Custom  batching  a 
specialty.  Semi  for  circular.  Kirkug  Bros.,  Mattituck.L.I. 


Baby 


Chicks  10c  EachTsTugr  t-’:ee  ?ele-cted 


- 1  - - - ^.ngle  iComb  White  Leg¬ 
horn.  Can  furnish  in  any  number  I  ain  booking 
orders  for  early  deliveries.  Circular  free.  CHAS.  R. 
STUNE,  Baby  Chicken  Farm,  Staatsburg-on-Hudson,  N.  V. 

LAKEHILL  FARM 

W.  H.  THACHUlt. 

Single  and  Rose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W.  P.  Rocks 
and  Imp.  Pekin  Ducks.  Cockerels  and  Ducks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  in  any  quantity  from  $2  up. 
Chicks,  $15  per  100.  Ducklings,  $25  per  100.  Write 
for  special  prices  in  large  lots.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  of  hatching  eggs  and  day  old  chicks 
and  ducklings.  Safe  delivery  guaranteed.  Satis¬ 
faction.  CAUL  W.  LLOYD,  Mgr.,  HILLSIDE, 
Westchester  County.  N.  Y. 

Davis  S.  G.  Reds  i?K  COCKERELS 

$3  and  S5  each.  EGGS  FOR  HATCHING. 

BABY  CHICKS— $15  and  $20  per  100  after  March  1. 

BUUK  URUERS  NGW.  Uavis  Poultry  Farm,  Berlin,  Mass 

PDIII  TRY- 35  Best  Breeds.  Bred  for  Laying. 
rUULI  n  I  Large  circular  illustrated  in  colors 
Free.  JOHN  E.  HEATWOLE,  Harrisonburg, Va. 

Indian  Runner  Ducks_S",i,XS“: 

Eggs,  $1.50  per  13;  $8.00  per  100.  F.  J.  FULLER, 
Waterport,  Orleans  County.  New  York. 

LARGE  TUULUUSE  GEESE,  White  Wyandotte  Cockerels 
and  White  P.  Rock  Hens  and  Cockerels  for  sale. 
Prices  low  for  quality.  E.  Schieber,  R.2,  Bucyrus,  Uhio, 

THUROUGHBREU  Mammoth  Bronze  Turkeys— heavy  bone 
and  fine  plumage.  Mrs.  Floyd  Kirby,  Draper,  Va 

T LJC  PCI  FRRATCn  HUNGARIAN  AND  ENGLISH 
I  HE  UELCDnfllEU  PARTRIDGES  ANO  PHEASANTS 

Wild  turkeys,  quails,  rabbits,  deer,  etc.,  for  stock¬ 
ing  purposes.  Eancy  pheasants,  peafowl,  cranes, 
swans,  storks,  ornamental  geese  and  ducks,  foxes, 
squirrels,  ferrets,  and  all  kinds  of  birds  and  ani¬ 
mals.  WENZ  &  MACKENSEN,  Dept.  10,  Plieas- 
antry  and  Game  Park,  Yardley,  Pa. 

MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  tine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  "Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1814 
R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill,  X.  V. 


1911. 


THE  RURAIi  NEW-YORKER 


161 


CONTENTS 

The  Rukal  New.-Yorki;b,  February  4,  1911. 


FARM  TOFICS. 

A  Farmer  on  Present  Conditions .  122 

Drilling  Wheat  Both  Ways .  122 

Agricultural  Education .  122 

Some  Enemies  of  Alfalfa .  123 

A  Nebraska  Corn  Grower  Talks .  123 

Irrigation  by  Pumping .  123 

Horseradish  and  Dandelions .  124 

A  “Back  to  the  Land”  Man .  125 

Onions  on  Swamp  Land .  126 

Maine  Potato  Boom  on  Decline .  126 

Back  to  the  Land .  128 

Income  From  an  “Ordinary  Farm”....  129 

Killing  Out  “Dog  Grass” .  129 

Crop  Notes  .  130 

Lime  Exposed  to  Weather .  133 

Potato  Questions  .  133 

Hope  Farm  Notes  .  134 

Value  of  First  Generation  Corn  Hybrids  135 
New  York  Agricultural  Society .  137 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

Points  For  That  Hen  Woman .  125 

Those  Nine-Dollar  Jersey  Hens .  127 

When  Should  Pullets  Lay? .  133 

Trespassing  Pigeons  .  133 

Cows  With  or  Without  Freedom .  140 

Heifer  With  Cough .  140 

Unnerving  .  140 

Cow  Barn  Ventilation .  141 

Eczema  in  Pigs .  141 

Garget  .  141 

Heaves;  Worms  . .  141 

Rations  With  Ilome-grown  Grain .  142 

Balancing  a  Ration .  142 

Stale  Bread  for  Cows .  142 

Value  of  Hand  Separators .  142 

Milk  Produced  at  a  Loss .  143 

Lice  on  Calves... .  143 

Cow  With  Cough .  143 

Periodic  Ophthalmia  .  143 

Need  of  the  Summer  Silo .  144 

Soiling  Crops  in  Oregon .  144 

Rape  for  Milch  Cows .  144 

Balancing  Home-grown  Food . !  .  !  146 

A  Concrete  Stable  Floor .  146 

The  Ilenyard  .  148 

Hens  Eating  Eggs  .  148 

Business  liens  and  the  Census .  148 

Mud  and  Hens’  Toes .  148 

Rearing  Deer  by  Hand .  148 

Handling  Indian  Runner  Ducks .  149 


HORTICULTURE. 

Working  Over  Old  Apple  Trees .  121 

Orchard  Heating  .  124 

Greenhouse  Attached  to  House.  .......  124 

Orchard  Taxation  .  124 

Sawdust  as  Mulch  . 125 

Orchard  Heaters  in  Maryland .  130 

Resodding  an  Orchard .  131 

The  Caro  of  Sour  Cherries .  132 

Pecan  Tree  in  New  York .  132 

When  to  Plant  Nuts .  132 

Best  Sweet  Cherries — Pears .  135 


From  Day  to  Day .  138 

Cleaning  Flues  with  Zinc .  138 

The  Rural  Patterns .  139 

Canning  Beef  . ’  139 

Dyeing  Carpet  . .  ... .  139 


M I SCE  LLA  NEOUS. 


Parcels  Post  Opponents . 121  122 

Success  With  an  Pressure  Water 

System  .  126 

Profits  in  Canning . 126 

Graft  in  Condemned  Produce....  131 

Editorials  .  136 

More  Express  Robbery  .  137 

Publisher’s  Desk  . .  .  . . .  150 


A  FARM  POULTRY  AND  EGG  SHOW. 

A  farm  poultry  and  egg  show  given  by 
country  boys,  in  a  neighborhood  10  miles 
from  a  railroad  and  how  it  happened,  should 
be  the  proper  title  for  this  article.  To 
my  mind  the  greatest  problem  on  our  farms 
to-day  is  to  interest  our  country  boys  in 
farm  life  and  keep  them  with  us.  To  do 
this  successfully,  they  must  have  something 
of  their  own  to  love  and  care  for  and  make 
money  from ;  also  something  that  other 
boys  have  a  common  interest  in,  with  a 
chance  to  get  together  and  talk  things 
over.  Still  better,  is  a  chance  to  learn 
to  work  together  for  some  object  of  rural 
improvement.  With  this  idea  vaguely  in 
mind,  1  helped  organize  a  Boys'  Pigeon 
Club,  when  the  pigeon  craze  struck  the 
farm  boys  in  their  neigliborhod  about  a  vear 
ago.  Although  five  or  six  years  older  than 
most  of  the  boys,  the  common  tie  of  an 
interest  in  pigeons  and  the  fact  that  I 
had  sold  some  of  my  surplus  stock  to  sev¬ 
eral  of  them  soon  made  us  friends.  Then  the 
notion  of  a  club  struck  them,  and  they 
organized  one  evening  last  February,  as 
they  expressed  it,  “to  encourage  the  keeping 
of  pigeons.”  They  elected  one  of  their 
number  president  and  myself,  as  secretary. 
Other  officers  and  an  executive  committee 
were  added  as  occasion  called  for.  They 
decided  to  meet  at  their  homes  everv  other 
Friday  evening,  to  admit  only  pigeon  keep¬ 
ers,  and  to  restrict  the  membership  for 
tin*  time  being  to  14.  Strangely  enough, 
after  the  first  wave  of  enthusiasm,  attend¬ 
ance  and  interest  continued  unabated,  it 
being  seldom  that  more  than  one  or  two 
members  were  absent.  Minutes  are  read, 
short  papers  are  written  and  delivered 
b.v  the  boys  themselves,  pigeon  magazines 
subscribed  to  and  studied,  and  practical 
questions  are  asked  and  freely  discussed. 
They  also  transact  some  business,  buying 
some  of  their  supplies  together  and  operat¬ 
ing  a  corn  grinder  under  joint  ownership. 
They  finally  adjourn  for  a  social  half  hour 
and  a  “feed”  of  homemade  cookies  and 
fudge,  reaching  home  in  good  season.  The 
boys  now  look  forward  to  Pigeon  Club  night. 
As  one  of  their  folks  said,  “Why  George 
never  began  to  live  until  he  joined  the 
club !”  Of  course  it  has  not  been  all  plain 
sailing,  nor  is  it  yet,  for  the  personal  equa¬ 
tion  is  strong  at  14  to  16,  and  we  have  an 
amazing  diversity  of  character  in  our  small 
numbers.  The  Sandy  Spring  Pigeon  Club, 
at  first  commonly  regarded  as  a  joke  and 
nicknamed  “The  Squabs,”  began  to  receive 
attention  if  not  respect.  When  the  club  ex¬ 
hibit  cleaned  up  the  pigeon  prizes  at  the 
country  fair,  nothing  could  hold  them  ;  they 
must  have  a  show  of  their  own.  With  no 
funds  to  go  on  except  unlimited  enthusiasm 
and  with  no  certain  evidence  of  the  boys’ 
working  capacity,  the  secretary  was  no  so 
enthusiastic.  At  length,  he  agreed  to  lay 
the  matter  before  the  Grange  and  other 
neighborhood  organizations,  proposing  a  util¬ 
ity  show  for  farm  poultry,  giving  especial 
attention  to  eggs  and  dressed  fowls.  To 
his  surprise,  the  plan  was  endorsed  by 


nearly  all  the  organizations  and  three  of¬ 
fered  prize  money  aggregating  .$12.  Kind 
words  and  prize  money,  however,  do  not 
pay  for  a  show,  so  he  put  up  a  proposition 
to  the  boys.  If  they  would  get  up  an  en¬ 
tertainment  by  themselves  and  prove  they 
could  work,  he  would  stand  for  the  show. 
They  went  to  work  and  delivered  the  goods, 
although  a  week  late,  clearing  over  $23.  The 
affair  took  with  the  people  because  it  was 
so  thoroughly  “boy”  all  the  way  through,  a 
short  play,  songs,  and  a  minstrel  by  the 
boys,  mixed  with  music  by  local  talent  and  a 
paper  on  pigeons  made  up  the  programme. 

This  left  three  weeks  in  which  to  get  up 
a  show,  meaning  that  circulars  and  posters 
must  be  printed  and  distributed,  advertise¬ 
ments  solicited,  material  bought  and  coops 
built,  chicken  raisers  visited  and  induced 
to  exhibit  and  attend,  and  all  this  without 
interfering  with  school  duties  and  without 
previous  experience  of  any  sort  to  help  out. 
One  bunch  built  coops,  getting  together 
for  three  or  four  days  when  they  could  be 
spared  from  home.  The  coops  were  made 
2x2x2  feet  for  poultry.  2xlxl  foot  for 
pigeons,  with  bottoms  of  12-inch  boards, 
frames  of  1x3  inch  stuff  covered  with  un¬ 
bleached  muslin,  27  inches  wide,  and  fronts 
of  upright  pieces  of  No.  8  wire  (No.  6  would 
be  better),  tacked  on  with  staples.  An¬ 
other  lot  turned  out  with  horses  one  sharp 
morning  and  plastered  the  countryside  for 
10  miles  around  with  posters  and  let  every 
farmer  know  that  the  great  and  only  show 
was  on  its  way.  One  attraction  was  a  free 
lecture  on  “Farm  Poultry,”  by  an  expert 
from  the  State  Experiment  Station,  who 
also  acted  as  poultry  judge  and  gave  his 
services  free  of  charge ;  $5  each  was  of¬ 
fered  for  the  best  dozen  eggs  and  the  best 
dressed  fowl,  and  all  the  entry  fees  were  to 
be  returned  as  prize  money,  which  were  25 
cents  for  a  live  chicken, ‘  10  cents  for  a 
pigeon ;  eggs  and  dressed  fowl  free,  pro¬ 
vided  exhibitors  contributed  them  to  help 
defray  expenses.  Another  time  we  would 
charge  a  25-cent  entry  fee  for  the  latter, 
believing  more  would  be  exhibited.  And  all 
this  could  be  had  for  an  admission  charge 
of  25  cents :  “come  one,  come  all !” 

During  vacation  week,  every  club  mem¬ 
ber  took  hold  wherever  and  whenever  he 
could,  with  little  confusion  and  much  prog¬ 
ress,  so  that  on  the  evening  of  December 
28,  they  were  ready  for  businef  in  the 
old  but  well  lighted  sclioolhouse,  with  123 
new,  neatly  built  coops,  a  clean  sawdust- 
covered  floor  and  a  great  bundle  of  ex¬ 
pectations.  On  the  29th,  the  first  annual 
poultry,  pigeon  and  egg  show  of  the  Bandy 
Springs  Pigeon  Club  opened.  The  work 
was  again  divided  up  among  the  boys, 
some  feeding  and  watering,  some  cooping  the 
birds,  some  making  out  entry  and  premium 
cards,  keeping  the  door,  etc.  The  judge 
did  his  part  well  and  drew  a  large  crowd 
to  his  lecture  in  the  Lyceum  Hall,  a  few 
rods  away  from  the  show  room.  His 
audience  to  a  man,  or  rather  to  a  woman, 
I  should  say  (for  we  would  have  been  lost 
without  the  encouragement  of  the  neighbor¬ 
hood  women)  flocked  over  after  the  lecture 
and  cheerfully  invested  each  his  quarter  in 
what  we  had  to  show  them.  Live  fowl  en¬ 
tries  numbered  78,  being  mainly  Rhode 
Island  Reds,  Barred  Plymouth  Rocks,  and 
White  Leghorns,  although  many  other  va¬ 
rieties  were  represented  by  fine  specimens 
of  purebred  poultry.  Sixty-three  pigeons, 
entirely  of  squab  breeding  varieties,  formed 
an  attractive  display,  particularly  eight  im¬ 
mense  birds,  weighing  between  two  and 
three  pounds  each,  the  only  exhibit  from 
outside  the  neighborhood,  and  secured  as 
a  display  in  exchange  for  the  advertise¬ 
ment  given  to  the  owner,  a  resident  of  our 
county. 

Luckily  for  11s  the  first  day  and  evening 
were  mild,  drawing  a  good  crowd,  but  -the 
second  was  cold  and  disagreeable.  That 
and  the  numerous  distractions  of  the  Christ¬ 
mas  season  caused  the  attendance  to  fall 
much  below  our  expectations.  Friday  night 
found  us,  however,  with  everything  paid 
for  and  with  a  small  balance  assured,  which 
included  the  possession  of  84  chicken  and 
39  pigeon  coops,  raw  material  costing  39 
cents  and  21  cents  each  respectively.  Final 
returns,  owing  to  a  slump  in  the'  price  of 
eggs  and  dressed  fowls,  show  a  balance  of 
23  cents,  plus  $2.50  prize  monev  donated  by 
a  generous  exhibitor.  But  the  Pigeon  Club 
does  not  care :  they  are  rich  anyhow,  for 
they  did  it  and  did  it  right !  “You  know  we 
did  !” 

FINANCIAL  STATEMENT. 

DEBIT. 

Material  for  Coops : 

Lumber,  416  bd.  ft..  12x1  inch,  21/4c.$10.40 


Lumber.  432  bd.  ft.,  3xlin.,  2%c.  .  10.80 
Wire,  100  lbs.,  (2,500  ft.),  No.  8 

wire  ,414  c .  8.08 

Muslin,  170  yds.,  27  in.  wide,  5c..  8.50 

Staples,  9  lbs.,  6c . 55 

Tacks,  9  boxes,  3c  &  5c  box .  1.34 

Nails,  35  lbs.,  6s.  and  8s.,  3c .  1.05 

Drinking  cups,  12  doz.,  21c  doz .  2.52 

Traveling  expenses  of  judge  and  lec¬ 
turer  . 25 

Printing  : 

500  4-page  circulars .  13.50 

500  entry  blanks .  2.75 

50  posters  .  3.00 

200  envelopes  .  1.25 

Miscellaneous : 

750  blank  cards  (filled  out  by 

hand)  . 75 

150  leg  bands .  1.00 

60  wooden  plates . 25 

200  paper  napkins . 20 

132  premium  cards,  etc .  1.96 

Rent  of  Lyceum  and  Schoolhouse. . . .  5.00 

Prizes,  Specials .  12.50 

Eggs  .  6.00 

Live  poultry  and  pigeons .  14.50 

$106.15 

CREDIT. 

Proceeds  from  Entertainment . $21.35 

Private  donations  from  friends .  2.50 

Special  prizes  offered .  12.50 

Proceeds  from  ads  in  circular .  7.00 

Entry  fees .  19.75 

Gate  receipts. .  30.00 

Two  dozen  eggs,  40c . 80 

Sixteen  dozen  eggs,  38c .  6.08 

Two  dressed  fowl,  90c .  1.80 

Seven  dressed  fowls,  60c .  4.20 

One  live  duck,  40c . 40 


Total  income . $106.38 

Expenses . $106.15 


Balance  .  .23 

Donation  of  prize  money .  2.50 

123  coops,  valued  at .  60.00 


$62.73 


Maryland.  reoben  brigham. 


^Galloway 

MANURE  SPREADER 

The  real  thing.  A  successful  50  bushel  Spreader  with 
more  than  four  years  of  success  behind  it,  only  $39.50j 
This  is  only  one  of  the  great  Galloway  line.’  Afore 
than  40,000  farmers  of  America  have  stamped  their 
O.  K.  onit.  They  say,  “It’s  the  Best.”  This  is  the  latest 
from  the  Great  Galloway  factory.  It’s  part  of  my  1911 
capacity  of  40.000  manure  spreaders.  It  is  you  that  gets 
the  benefit  of  this  tremendous  output,  and  you  save  40  to  GO 
per  cent  on  your  purchase  because  I  divide  the  melon  with 
you.  Every  page  of  my  big  free  book  fairly  bristles  with  Proof 


0nly$39- 

~  F.O.B. WATERLOO! 


1  m 


this  big  book 


Let  me  quote  you  prices  on  a  Galloway  Spreadef 
to  suit  the  size  of  your  farm.  I’ve  got  the  one  for  you.  I’ll 
trust  you  to  try  it.  I’ll  put  it  all  up  to  you,  and  if  you  say  it’s  not  what  you 
want.  I’ll  take  it  back  and  you  don’t  lose  one  dollar  by  the  deal.  Se©  it 
work,  then  vou  know  what  it  is.  Here’s  what  you  will  find  out : 

It’s  the  simplest  and  handiest — two  horses  can  handle 
it — spreads  any  kind  of  stuff — no  breakage  hills — long 
life  — satisfaction  all  the  way— it’s  a  money-maker 
every  day  —  it  pays  you  blti  profit  on  every  crop 
you  use  it.  Now  prove  this  out.  Find  out  that  you  can 
make  this  saving.  I  know  something  about  the  spreader  bus¬ 
iness  you  ought  to  know;  let  me  tell  you.  Write  me  and 
don’t  put  it  off  till  tomorrow.  — WM.  GALLOWAY 

WM.  GALLOWAY  CO.,  669  Galloway  Sta„  Waterloo,  Iowa 

Let  Me  Tell  You  How  I  Divide  the  Melon  with  You 


Guernsey  Bulls 

Two-year-old  and  yearling  registered  and  tested 
Bulls  for  Sale,  out  of  advanced  registered  parents. 
Now  is  the  time  to  get  a  good  herd  header  reason¬ 
able.  HILLHURST  FARM,  Orchard  Park,  N.Y, 

■  REGISTERED, 

Jersey  Cow  mm 

rnlljn  Dime — GOLDEN  SABLE,  grandsons  of 
UulllU  I  U[IO  Ch.  Squire  of  Tytton,  $7.00  each. 
Clovernook  Stock  Farm,  Chamhersburg,  Pa. 

Woodland  Dorsets 

Woodland  Dorsets  have  been  sold  into  practically 
every  State  In  the  Union,  and  are  giving  satisfac¬ 
tion.  I  can  spare  fifty  head  of  splendid  ewes,  all 
of  them  bred  to  a  very  fine  ram. 

CHAS.  B.  WING,  Mechanlcsburg,  Ohio. 

Farmers  and  Poultrymen. 

You  must  not  blame  ns  if  occasionally  onr  end 
bubbles  over  when  speaking  of  our  custom  hatch¬ 
ing  department  as  carried  by  our  experts  in  our 
mammoth  hot  water  incubator.  Results  are  show¬ 
ing  people  all  over  the  country  that  we  know  our 
business  by  saving  them  time,  worry  and  money, 
and  giving  them  stronger  chicks  than  the  old  hen 
or  kerosene  oil  fume  incubators  ever  did.  Yon 
send  us  the  eggs— we’ll  do  the  rest— do  it  right  and 
send  yon  tho  chicks.  Write  for  information  and 
prices,  anyway. 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM.  Miilerton,  N.Y. 

White  Holland  Turkeys  ™&iiS 

and  Duston’s  White  Wyandotte  Chickens.  Walnut 
Hill  Stock  Farm,  N.  Bacon,  Mgr.,  Taleott,  W.  Va. 

Onfl  Buff  and  Barred  P.  Rock  and  CHR  CHIC 
OUU  white  and  Partridge  Wyandottes  *  wALfc 

Inspection  solicited.  Price  reasonable.  Satisfac¬ 
tion  guaranteed.  Dr.  S.  O.  Moyer,  Lansdale,  Pa. 

SroffiS  S.C.  White  Leghorn  RM 

GEO.  H.  CHASE,  35  Broadway,  Newport,  R.  I. 

WILD  AND  BRONZE  TURKEY  EGGS— Chicken  Eggs.  Hand- 

**-  —  -  ■  some  Catalog  2  ct. 

stamp,  showing  pure  wild  gobbler  from  the  moun¬ 
tain.  VALLEY  VIEW  POULTRY  FARM,  Belleville,  Pa. 

Rhode  Island  Reds~§;  Comb,  Tompkin’s 

cock,  $10.  CLOVERNOOK  STOCK  FARM,  Chambersburg.  Pa. 

S.C.  RHODE  ISLAND  REDS 

At  The  Horseshoe  Road  Poultry  Farm  p&es.^Ad dress 
WM.  R.  BURKHOLDER,  Box  152,  R.  5,  Lancaster.  Pa. 

R  C.  B.  MINORCAS,  Cockerels,  $1.25 each.  Indian  Run¬ 
ner  Ducks,  $0  trio.  Geo.  Bowdish,  Esperanco,  N.Y. 

S,  C.  W.  Leghorn  Eggs 

perlu,  $8  per  100.  PatapscoFarm,R.D.2,Reisterstown,Md. 

Lt.  Brahmas,  White  P.  Rocks,  B,  P.  Rocks. 

Fine  Birds.  J.  A.  ROBERTS,  Malvern,  Pa. 

SKUNKS  WANTED-^  SUS 

alive.  Will  pay  good  price  for  some.  Address 
JOS.  ENDERLIN,  Ju.,  &CO.,  ft.  Front  8t„  L.  I.  City. 

Gentleman’s  Truck  Farm,  Stock  and  Tools 

FOR  SALE.  Fifty  acres,  excellent  nine-room 
house,  three  porches;  basement  barn,  30  by  40;  to¬ 
bacco  barn,  28  by  64;  two  hen  houses;  plenty  of 
fruit;  two  large  horses,  100  hens,  tobacco  plant 
setter,  two  seated  carriages,  other  wagons,  twenty 
tons  of  hay,  quantity  of  straw.  One-fourth  mile 
from  village,  trolley  line  and  main  line  railroad 
station.  Price  $6,000 — $1,850  cash,  balance  time. 
HALL  S  FARM  AGENCY’,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.,  N.Y. 

PO'D  CAT  C— Good  Farm  of  80  acres,  with 
vJALL  good  buildings.  Also  good 
water  and  fruit.  School  and  church  very  near, 
u.  F.  D.  Sherman  Seakles,  Groton,  No.  12,  N.  Y. 

FARM  WANTED — Want  to  buy  good  farm  suited  to 

1  apple  culture.  Will  rent  or  work  on  salary  an 
equipped  dairy  farm.  “C.,  ’’care  Rural  New-Yorker. 

A  BEAUTIFUL  FARM  FOR  SALE  in  the  finest  fruit 
H  growing  and  trucking  section  in  the  world; 
fertile  soil  and  fine  climate:  also  a  beautiful  water 
trout  larm  with  timber.  For  full  particulars  ad¬ 
dress  SAMUEL  P.  WOODCOCK,  Salisbury, 
Wicomico  County,  Maryland. 

WANTFn~Pon,try  fann  of  tl,ree  to  46,1  acres, 

IF  nil  ILL!  consisting  of  small  house  and  barn, 
with  poultry  houses,  within  short  distance  of  N.  Y. 

C.  S.  VAN  SLYKE,  47  School  St.,  Carthage,  N.  Y. 

CfWUl  lciTITW  4or  sale  at  low  prices  in  nearly  all 
UUUU  tdlllio  parts  of  New  York  State.  Cata¬ 
logue  free  to  parties  intending  to  buy. 

NORTHERN  REALTY  CO.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

BEFORE  BUYING,  send  for  our  descriptive  catalogue 

U  of  Delaware  and  Maryland  Farms,  free.  FORD 
&  REIS,  Inc.,  Dept.  H,  Wilmington,  Delaware. 

Farm  Superintendent 


WANTED  who  is  a 
good  dairyman  and 
knows  bow  "to  handle  help.  To  take  charge  March 
1st.  Address,  stating  experience  aixl  salary  ex¬ 
pected,  .MONTEFIORE  HOME.  Bedford  Hills,- N.Y. 


AJJS0RB1NE 


1 


Cures  Strained  Puffy  Ankles, Lymphangitis, 
Poll  Evil,  Fistula,  Sores,  Wire  Cuts,  Bruis¬ 
es  and  Swellings,  Lameness,  and  Allays 
Pain  Quickly  without  Blistering,  removing 
the  hair,  or  laying  the  horse  up.  Pleasant 
to  use.  $2.00  per  bottle  at  dealers  or  de¬ 
livered.  Horse  Book  5  D  free. 

ABSORBINE,  JR.,  (mankind, $1.00  bot¬ 
tle.)  For  Strai  ns,  Gont,  Varicose  Veins,  Var-. 
icocele.Hydrocele,  Prostatitis,  kills  pain. 
YOUNG,  P.  D,  F.,  88  Temple  St.,  Springfield,  Mass. 

Water  Witch  Wanted 

WANTFn-A  SCIENTIFIC  FARMER— Y oun g 

II  nil  I  LU  married  man  preferred.  Can  take 
full  charge  of  farm  in  Southland.  Must  provide 
own  expenses.  “G.,”  care  Rural  New-Yorker. 


S 


ITUATION  WANTED — Young  man  experienced  in  but¬ 
ter  making,  handling  stock  and  farm  work. 

“E.,”  care  Rural  New-Yorker. 


Single  Man  Wanted 

milker  and  careful  feeder.  German  or  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  German  preferred.  Give  particulars,  with 
age  and  experience,  in  first  letter.  Location  New 
Jersey.  “SINGLE,”  care  Rural  New-Yorker. 

WANTED — A  high-grade  experienced  man  to  take 
charge  of  Rhode  Island  farm  and  make  a  pay¬ 
ing  proposition  of  same.  Alan  must  have  a  thor¬ 
ough  knowledge  of  all  branches  of  scientific,  and 
practical  farming,  breeding  of  cattle,  and  dairying. 
Must  know  how  to  handle  help  and  assume  full 
responsibility  for  making  a  show  place  of  this  farm. 
Address  reply  to  “Box  R.  I.,”  Rural  New-Yorker, 
giving  full  details  of  training,  education,  experience, 
character,  and  what  references  you  can  supply. 

Hothouse  Lambs. 

Calves,  Poultry,  Fancy  Eggs,  Hothouse  Products, 
Fruits,  Vegetables.  Top  prices  secured  for  choice 
goods.  Correspondence  solicited. 

Archdeacon  &  Co.,  100  Murray  St.,  N.Y. 

pi.I'JASK  semi  a  trial  shipnientto  the  Oldest  Coin- 
*■  mission  House  in  New  York.  lCst.  1838.  Butter, 
Eggs.  Poultry.  Pork,  Halves.  Hay.  Grain,  Beans, 
Apples,  etc.  E.  IS.  WOODWARD,  SOU  «r*emrleli  St.,  .N.  Y 

Hothouse  Lambs,  Poultry,  Calves,  Fancy  Eggs 

Ship  to  W.  H.  COHEN  &  CO.,  229  Washington  St. ,  New  York. 

Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  8  CO.,  Com¬ 
mission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St., New  York. 

GKO.  P.  HAMMOND.  EST.  1875.  FRANK  W.  GODWIN 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  CO., 

Commission  Merchants  and  Dealers  in  all  ldmlsof 
COUNTRY  PRODUCK,  Apples,  Peaches,  Ber 
ries  Butter,  Eggs,  Cheese,  Poultry.  Mushrooms 
aud  Hot-house  Products  a  Specialty.  Consignments 
solicited.  34  &  36  Little  l»tli  St..  New  York- 

Boston  Produce  Go. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.,  -  Boston. 


MANATEE-florida 


3 

V 

II 


America’s  Fruit  and  Garden  Martel 

— ?  you  an  opportunity  to  become  indepen- 
aent  in  a  short  time  growing 

ORANGES,  GRAPEFRUIT  AND  VEGETABLES. 

Two  and  three  crops  a  year  nel  $500  to  $  1 500 
P**  *cre-  Quick  transportation,  low  freight 
rates  on  S.  A.  L  Ry.  to  Northern  and 
Pastern  markets.  Uniform  climate 
round.  Instructive  booklet  free. 

J.  W.  WHITE,  Geal  IraL  AgL, 

Seaboard  Air  Line  Ry. 

Dept  ft  Norfolk,  V*. 


TRAPPERS  AND  HUNTERS. 

Furs  are  high.  A  fact  which  you  are  all  probably  ac¬ 
quainted  with.  But  the  question  is,  Arc  you  getting 
highest  market  value  for  yours?  Remember  we  do  not. 
charge  any  commission;  pay  all  express  charges;  will 
hold  your  goods  separate  for  approval  of  our  valuation, 
when  requested,  and  if  not  satisfactory'  will  return  and 
pay  all  charges.  Don’t  you  think  we  are  entitled  to  a 
trial  shipment  on  the  strength  of  the  foregoing  ;  For 
further  information  write  for  our  free  price  list  and 
Trappers’  Guide.  Make  us  a  trial  shipment  today. 

Abrohams  Fur  8  Wool  Co.,  Fur  Merchants,  Seymour,  Wis. 


SHIP  YOUR 


FURS 


To  mcmillan  fur  &  wool  co. 

MINNEAPOLIS,  MINN, 
illustrated  Circular  Free  to  anyone  interested  in 
RAW  FURS. 

Trappers’  Guide  Free  to  those  who  ship  to  iis. 


One  Thousand  Dollars 


(including  $250.00  First  Prize  for  a  letter 
of  not  more  than  two  hundred  words) 


wm  Explanations*^!  **  “  The  Reasons  Why 

Z 


99 


is  the  Largest  Mail-Order 

Seed  Trade  in  the  World 


The  cash  will  be  distributed  as  follows  : 
First  Prize,  $250.00;  Second  Prize,  $100.00; 
Third,  Fourth  and  Fifth  Prizes,  $50.00  each; 
ten  Sixth  Prizes  of  $25.00  each  and  ten  Seventh 
Prizes  of  $10.00  each,  followed  by  thirty  prizes 


of  $5.00  each  for  the  next  best  letters— making  in  all  fifty-five  prizes,  amounting  to  one  thousand  dollars  ($1000.00).  Our  friends,  the  editors  of  three  most  widely 
circulated,  leading  American  agricultural  and  horticultural  papers,  have  kindly  consented  to  act  as  Judges.  They  are:  W  ilmer  Atkinson,  The  Farm  Journal t 
Philadelphia;  H.  W.  Collingwood,  The  Rural  New-Yorker,  New  York,  and  P.  V.  Collins,  The  Northwestern  Agriculturist ,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
8®”  For  further  particulars  see  page  173  of  Burpee’s  New  Annual  for  1911— mailed  free  on  application. 


U 


The  Burpee  Business— a  National  Institution 


99 


The  BURPEE  BUILDINGS,  PHILADELPHIA.  Two  other  buildings  to  the  south  (including  a  double  warehouse  on  \ ork 
Avenue)  are  not  shown  in  this  illustration,  The  entrance  to  offices  is  now  at  number  48s  North  Fifth  Street.  Oui  Ne\v 
"Daylight  Addition'’  alone,  with  its  separate  Luncheon  and  Resting  Rooms  for  men  and  women  employees,  has  forty-two 
windows  oti  each  floor — exclusive  of  doors  and  transoms.  *$*>'  The  First  Burpee  Building  (seven  stories)  was  erected  in 
1898  upon  the  site  occupied  by  us  since  1882. 


Reduced  Facsimile  of  Front  Cover 


Through  wise  advertising,  splendid  organizing 
ability  and  enterprise  that  knew  no  limitations,,  the 
Burpee  establishment  has  grown  to  be  far  more  than 
a  mere  mail-order  house.  It  is  today  a  National 
Institution  with  a  field  and  scope  reaching  beyond  and 
above  the  county  fair. — From  Horticulture,  Boston, 
Mass.,  May  7,  1910. 


Try  to  visit  us  during  the  winter  or  spring  and  doubtless  you  will  be  interested  in  viewing  the 
various  departments,  beginning  with  the  mail  room,  where  the  entire  time  of  the  Cashier,  with  six  to 
nine  willing  helpers,  is  occupied  in  opening  the  mail  alone.  The  letters  and  postal  cards  sometimes 
number  more  than  eight  thousand  received  in  a  single  day! 

“  Let  us  talk  together,”  in  our  mutual  interests— by  an  expenditure,  on  your  part,  of  only  one  cent 
to  mail  postal  card  for 

Burpee’s  New  Annual  for  ipil 

“The  Leading  American  Seed  Catalog’’ 

THE  Thirty-Fifth  Anniversary  edition  of  this  popular 
‘‘Silent  Salesman”  tells  the  plain  truth  about  the 


Best  Seeds  that  can  be  Grown— as  proved  at  our  famous 
Fordhook  Farms — the  largest  and  most  complete  Trial 
Grounds  in  America.  Handsomely  bound  with  covers 
lithographed  in  nine  colors,  it  also  shows,  painted  from 
nature,  on  the  six  colored  plates,  lead¬ 
ing  specialties  in  unequaled  Vege¬ 
tables  and  most  beautiful  Flowers 
With  hundreds  of  illustrations  from 
photographs  and  carefully  written 
descriptions  it  is  A  Safe  Guide  to 
success  in  the  garden  and  should  be 
consulted  by  every  one  who  plants 
seeds,  either  for  pleasure  or  profit. 

Tiie  Burpee-Standard  in  Seeds  is  the  highest  it  is 
possible  to  attain  today — and  yet  we  aim  for  still  further 
betterment.  Progress  is  our  watchword!  Planters, 
whether  gardening  for  pleasure  or  profit,  soon  learn  that 
“the  best  is  the  cheapest.” 

These  three  sentences  convey  the  principal  “reasons 
why  ’’  The  Burpee-Business  grows  steadily  year  after 
year.  Shall  we  have  the  pleasure  of  serving  you  this 
season,  or  will  you  wait  until  importuned  by  some 
traveling  salesman  or  storekeeper  to  buy  other  seeds 
claimed  to  be  ‘ 'just  as  good  as  Burpee’s  ?”  You  cannot  get  better  seeds  at  any  priced 

We  supply  seeds  each  season  direct  to  more  planters  than  do  any  other  growers— and  yet  we  employ 
no  agents,  nor  do  we  send  out  drummers  to  solicit  orders.  We  seek  the  trade,  however,  of  all  who 
realize  that  in  seeds  “The  Best  is  the  Cheapest.”  We  would  be  pleased  to  serve  you  and  shall  mail 
our  complete  catalog  .free  if  you  are  willing  to  pay  a  fair  price  for  Seeds  of  The  Burpee-Quality. 
Shall  we  mail  you  a  copy?  If  so,  kindly  name  The  Rural  New-Yorker  and  write — TODAY! 


Sweet  Peas 

WITH  our  five  farms  in  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey, 
and  California  we  have  the  largest,  most  com¬ 
plete  trial  grounds, — to  “prove  all  things.”  We  were 
the  first  in  America  to  grow  “Spencers”  and  have 
to-day  the  choicest  strains  of  these  most  magnificent, 
gigantic,  new  waved  Sweet  .Peas.  Unlike  seed  gen¬ 
erally  sold,  our  Re-Selected  Stocks  now  come  abso¬ 
lutely  true  to  the  superb  “Spencer”  type. 

SIX  SUPERB  “SPENCERS” 

O  C  we  will  mail  one  regular 

*  packet  each  of  Dainty 

Spencer,  the  new  “picotee-edged"  pink  on  white, — 
Mrs.  Routzahn,  apricot,  suffused  with  rose, — Bea¬ 
trice  Spencer,  rich  pink, — Othello  Spencer,  glossy 
deep  maroon, — Asta  Ohn,  charming  light  lavender, — 
and  Helen  Lewis,  bright  orange-rose. 

These  Six  Superb  Spencers  are  shown  painted 
from  nature  and  fully  described  on  pages  110  and  111 
of  Burpee’s  Annual  for  1911.  Purchased  separately 
they  would  cost  65  cts.,  but  all  six  packets  with 
Leaflet  on  Culture,  will  be  mailed  for  only  25  cts.: 
five  collections  for  $1.00. 

SIX  “SUPERFINE”  SPENCERS 

O  C  we  will  mail  one  packet 

*  VJl  (30  to  40  seeds)  each  of 

Burpee’s  King  Edward  Spencer,  the  grandest  scarlet, 
— Apple  Blossom  Spencer,  rose  and  pink, — Burpee’s 
White  Spencer,  largest  waved  white, — Florence 
Morse  Spencer,  light  pink,— Burpee’s  Primrose'  Spen¬ 
cer,  and  a  large  packet  (80  to  90  seeds)  of  Burpee’s 
Best  Blend  for  1911  of  Superb  Spencer  Seedlings. 
Leaflet  on  Culture  is  sent  with  each  Collection. 

FIVE  NEW  “SPENCERS” 

OC  we  will  mail  one  regular 

*  Ol  packet  each  of  Burpee’s 

Queen  Victoria  Spencer,  primrose,  flushed  flesh, — 
Constance  Oliver,  rich  rose  on  cream, — Burpee’s 
Aurora  Spencer,  bright  orange-salmon,  flaked, — Mrs. 
C.  W.  Breadmore,  pink  edged  on  cream, — and  Ten¬ 
nant  Spencer,  deep  heliotrope. 

buys  any  One  of  the  above  Three 
Collections.  Any  Five  Collections 
for  One  Dollar  and  mailed  to  different  addresses  if 
so  ordered. 

we  will  mail  any  Two  of 
the  above  Collections  to¬ 
gether  with  a  15  ct.  pkt.  (20  seeds)  of  the  lovely  new 
Mrs.  Hugh  Dickson. 

The  above  are  in  regular  retail  packets,  (costing  10  cts.  and  is 
cts.  each)  and  all  of  the  choicest  stocks — seed  grown  on  our  Flora- 
dale  Farm,  Lompoc,  California. 

We  have  a  double  purpose  in  making  this  Special  Offer 
for  1911— to  introduce  the  True  “Spencers”  to  thousands  who 
do  not  yet  know  their  rare  beauty,  and  to  prove  the  superiority  of 
Burpee’s  Selected  Strains. 

we  will  mail  all  Three  Col¬ 
lections  neatly  boxed,  and 
also  one  regular  packet  each  of  Mrs.  Hugh  Dickson, 
Florence  Nightingale,  Countess  Spencer,  George 
Herbert,  and  Marie  Corelli,— making  in  all  Twenty- 
Two  True  Spencers.  You  can  order  all  these  as 
Burpee’s  Dollar  Box  of  Spencers.  Name  The  Rural 
New-Yorker  and,  with  the  Box,  we  will  send  free  our 
complete  new  book,  Sweet  Peas  Up-to-Date. 


F  or  50  Cts. 


For  $1.00 


W.  Atlee  Burpee  6  Co.,  Burpee  Buildings,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


THE  WILLOW  WALL  POULTRY  FARM. 
The  Business  Hen  in  West  Virginia. 

This  practical  and  dividend  paying  poultry  plant 
was  built  and  equipped  five  years  ago.  It  is  located 
in  the  beautiful  valley  of  the  South  Branch  of  the 
Potomac  River.  The  “Old  Fields”  was  a  tract  of 
some  1,200  acres  of  rich  bottom  lands 
which  the  Indians  were  using  for  their 
gardening  and  corn  raising  when  the 
white  man  first  came  into  the  valley. 

The  valley  is  shut  in  by  rugged  forest- 
covered  mountains,  which  give  it  a 
very  picturesque  setting.  Mr.  A.  R. 

McNeill,  the  proprietor  of  Willow  Wall 
Farm,  described  to  me  about  as  follows 
the  launching  of  the  poultry  proposition  : 

He  had  a  large  farm,  which  had  for  the 
past  150  years  been  devoted  to  raising 
and  fattening  heavy  beef  cattle.  I  do 
not  just  remember  how  long  the  farm 
has  been  a  possession  of  the  McNeill 
family,  but  the  fine  old  mansion  (Fig.  51) 
was  built  by  his  grandfather  in  the  year 
1820.  It  is  still  in  fine  repair  and  a 
comfortable,  pleasant  and  roomy  home. 

Mr.  McNeill  has  equipped  it  with  a  first- 
class  system  of  hot  water  heat,  which  in 
connection  with  the  several  old-time 
fireplaces,  makes  it  possible  to  defy  old 
Jack  Frost.  He  has  also  installed  a 
first-class  water  system  and  bathroom. 

Owing  to  changed  conditions  the  cat¬ 
tle-feeding  business  had  become  an  un¬ 
satisfactory  way  of  disposing  of  the 
grain  crops  as  well  as  a  poor  money¬ 
maker.  Their  attention  was  turned  to 
other  ways  of  making  the  farm  pay. 

The  whole  family  gave  the  matter  of 
starting  in  the  poultry  business  a  very 
careful  study.  They  did  some  traveling 
about  to  distant  places  to  visit  large 
poultry  plants,  and  to  find  out  what 
other  people  were  accomplishing  in  the 
way  of  making  poultry  pay.  After  de¬ 
ciding  that  the  chances  of  success  were 
good  if  one  kept  good  fowls  and  cared 
for  them,  they  settled  down  to  get  ready 
for  business. 

Mr.  McNeill  planned  his  poultry 
buildings  and  location  very  carefully, 
much  stress  being  laid  on  having  things 
easy  to  care  for,  and  equipment  that 
required  as  little  attention  as  it  was 
possible  to  give  and  still  get  good  re¬ 
sults.  The  result  of  the  good  planning 
is  very  evident  to  one  going  about  over 
the  plant.  The  amount  of  labor  required 
properly  to  care  for  the  birds  in  these 
buildings  has  been  cut  down  to  the  low¬ 
est  point.  The  laying  hens  are  housed 
in  a  long  two-story  building.  The 
lower  story  is  divided  into  rooms  with 
wire  netting,  each  room  being  15  feet 
square,  that  being  the  inside  width  of 
the  house.  These  rooms  are  well  lighted 
by  large  windows ;  each  room  is  to  ac¬ 
commodate  50  birds.  The  whole  house 
will  accommodate  1,4'00  head.  The 
roosts  are  light  and  neatly  arranged,  and 
Hang  on  wires,  and  are  easily  hooked 
back  out  of  the  way  when  the  droppings 
boards  are  being  cleaned.  The  drop¬ 
pings  boards  are  also  hung  on  wire  and 
can  be  readily  removed  at  any  time. 

In  each  room  is  a  self-feeder  that  sup¬ 


plies  most  of  the  feed  in  shape  of  dry  mash,  cracked 
grain,  screenings  and  such  feeds.  Oyster  shell  and 
grit  are  also  handy.  There  are  several  bins  in  the 
walls  of  each  room  for  whole  grains,  principally  wheat 
and  corn,  which  are  fed  in  the  litter  each  day;  also 
a  good  deal  of  Alfalfa  and  clover  hay  is  fed.  The 
water  is  supplied  by  a  pipe  which  runs  the  whole 


length  of  the  building,  and  there  are  valves  in  each 
room  from  which  the  water  pans  are  filled.  The 
wooden  floors  are  not  less  than  two  feet  above  ground 
at  any  place.  The  floor  is  kept  covered  with  straw. 
Nests  are  located  about  the  room  in  plenty,  and  are 
there  to  be  used.  Simplicity  of  construction  has  been 
considered,  and  also  the  saving  of  labor,  which  is  an 
important  feature. 

At  the  entrance  end  of  the  henhouse 
is  a  large  grain  storage  building  that  will 
house  a  year’s  supply  of  grain  of  the 
, various  kinds.  In  this  building  is  a  feed 
grinder  to  grind  the  chicken  feed.  A 
15  horse-power  gasoline  traction  engine 
is  used  for  power;  this  engine  is  also 
used  for  other  purposes  about  the  farm. 
A  good  deal  of  grain  is  purchased,  espe¬ 
cially  wheat,  and  some  corn.  Wheat 
does  not  seem  to  yield  very  heavily  in 
that  section  of  West  Virginia.  The  feed 
is  distributed  through  the  buildings  in 
the  following  manner:  Along  one  side 
of  the  second  floor  runs  a  narrow-gauge 
railroad,  starting  in  the  grain  room  and 
extending  to  the  farthest  end  of  the  hen¬ 
house.  On  this  track  is  a  car,  the  body 
of  which  is  divided  into  four  or  five 
bins.  This  car  is  loaded  with  the  va¬ 
rious  kinds  of  feed  and  then  run  down 
along  the  track,  and  the  grain  and  feed 
put  into  spouts  that  lead  down  to  the 
self-feeders  and  bins  in  the  feeding 
rooms  below.  Each  spout  is  labeled 
with  the  kind  of  feed  that  is  to  be  put 
into  it.  By  this  excellent  system  it  does 
not  take  a  professional  to  do  the  feeding, 
nor  does  it  take  a  giant  to  stand  the 
strain.  This  feeding  is  done  once  a 
week.  Along  down  the  other  side  of  this 
second  story  floor  is  another  set  of  bins, 
in  which  is  stored  the  dry  earth  which 
is  used  on  the  droppings  boards.  A 
handy  spout  carries  the  earth  to  the 
rinsing  place  below  the  hen  rooms.  The 
writer  happened  to  be  at  the  farm  when 
these  bins  were  filled  last  Fall,  and  it 
takes  a  lot  of  earth  for  a  year’s  supply, 
and  it  took  two  teams  and  wagons  and 
seven  or  eight  men  more  than  a  day  to 
put  in  the  amount  needed  for  a  year. 
The  droppings  boards  are  cleaned  off 
once  a  week.  A  manure  spreader  is 
driven  alongside  the  building  and  the 
droppings  are  shoveled  into  it  and  taken 
direct  to  the  fields.  The  floor  litter  is 
only  changed  occasionally. 

Single  Comb  White  Leghorn  chickens 
exclusively  are  kept  at  Willow  Wall 
Farm.  The  original  stock  came  from 
one  of  the  best  White  Leghorn  farms  in 
the  land.  The  present  stock  has  all  ap¬ 
pearance  of  having  been  kept  up  to  the 
mark  for  quality.  Each  Autumn  200  of 
the  best  old  hens  are  selected  for  the 
next  season’s  breeding  pens.  They  are 
housed  in  a  separate  building  during  the 
Winter  and  the  eggs  from  them  are 
hatched  out  in  large-sized  incubators. 
These  incubators  occupy  a  large  room 
in  the  cellar  of  the  dwelling  house.  The 
young  chickens  are  taken  direct  from  the 
incubators  to  colony  houses,  58  of  which 
are  located  in  a  10-acre  apple  orchard 
which  adjoins  the  grounds  of  the  main 
poultry  house.  These  colony  houses  are 
about  GxlO  feet  in  size,  and  seven  feet 


FRONT  VIEW  OF  WILLOW  WALL  POULTRY  HOUSES.  Fig.  49. 


BREEDING  FLOCK  AND  REAR  VFEW  OF  BUILDINGS.  Fig.  50. 


THE  HOME  AT  WILLOW  WALL  POULTRY  FARM.  Fig.  51. 


164 

high  on  the  high  side.  They  are  built  with  runners, 
so  as  to  be  easily  moved.  Each  has  one  large  win¬ 
dow  and  a  door.  Each  one  is  equipped  with  a  self- 
feeder  and  other  necessary  feed  bins.  The  feed  is 
distributed  to  them  once  a  week,  the  supply  being 
hauled  about  with  a  horse.  These  colony  houses  are 
covered  on  sides  and  roofs  with  heavy  roofing  paper. 

The  hatching  period  has  been  a  very  successful  fea¬ 
ture  each  year,  and  the  past  season  something  over 
a, 000  chicks  were  raised.  The  males  all  go  for  broil¬ 
ers  except  the  few  that  are  needed  for  breeding  pur¬ 
poses.  The  writer  was  at  Willow  Wall  Farm  for  six 
weeks  last  Fall,  and  this  orchard  with  the  colony 
houses  and  the  hundreds  of  snow-white  birds  wa%  a 
most  interesting  sight.  In  October  the  nearly  full- 
grown  young  pullets  are  transferred  from  the  colony 
houses  to  their  Winter  home  in  the  large  henhouse, 
and  they  are  not  let  out  of  doors  any  more  till  warm 
weather  in  the  Spring.  They  commence  laying  in 
November,  and  everything  is  done  for  them  to  keep 
them  busy  turning  out  eggs  from  then  on.  The  old 
hens  that  are  not  to  be  kept  for  breeding  are  disposed 
of  mostly  to  other  poultrymen  for  breeding  stock. 
This  year  there  were  calls  for  over  a  thousand  more 
than  they  could  supply.  In  constructing  the  buildings 
of  this  plant  most  of  the  lumber  was  cut  and  sawed 
on  the  farm.  The  roof  is  covered  with  galvanized 
iron.  In  fact,  most  of  the  buildings  down  in  that  sec¬ 
tion  are  roofed  with  galvanized  iron.  Everything 
about  this  plant  is  built  substantially  and  well.  Mr. 
McNeill  tells  me  the  cost  of  the  outfit  was  around 
$5,000.  He  installed  an  air  pressure  water  system, 
and  he  has  about  the  best  equipped  water  system  that 
it  has  ever  been  my  fortune  to  see  on  a  farm.  There 
is  over  a  mile  of  pipe  in  use  in  the  water  system  of 
the  farm  and  poultry  plant.  The  pressure  tanks  are 
located  in  the  cellar  of  the  house,  and  the  power  is 
furnished  by  a  three  horse-power  gasoline  engine. 
The  cost  of  operating  the  system  is  about  2J/2  cents  a 
day  for  fuel. 

The  hens  turn  out  a  gross  income  of  $3.30  per 
head  per  year,  and  the  cost  of  feed  is  around  $1.10 
per  head.  The  sales  from  poultry  bring  the  total  net 
proceeds  above  $3,000  per  year.  The  poultry  plant 
is  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  McNeill's  youngest  son, 
Brown  McNeill.  He  is  a  thorough-going  poultry 
specialist.  It  takes  about  all  of  his  time  to  care  for 
the  poultry  and  eggs.  In  the  busy  times  he  has  some 
help,  but  at  other  times  lie  helps  about  other  work. 
Most  of  the  eggs  are  marketed  in  Washington,  D.  C., 
to  private  customers  at  very  good  prices.  Mr.  Mc¬ 
Neill  is  devoting  most  of  his  own  time  to  orcharding, 
and  has  85  acres  in  fruit,  mostly  apples.  He  set  50 
acres  of  orchard  last  Spring  on  new  ground  located 
on  a  high  chestnut  ridge.  Apple  trees  are  being  set 
out  by  the  tens  of  thousands  on  the  hills  .of  West 
Virginia  and  Maryland.  Their  orchards  there  that 
have  come  into  bearing  are  giving  a  good  account  of 
themselves,  and  it  is  likely  that  in  a  few  years  apples 
will  cast  a  silvery  shadow  over  the  poultry  at  Willow 
Wall  Farm.  Another  son  has  charge  of  the  general 
farming  operations,  and  as  there  are  800  acres  in  the 
farm  he  manages  to  find  plenty  to  do.  Grass  and 
corn  are  the  two  principal  crops  in  that  section.  They 
have  excellent  corn  land.  They  erected  a  reinforced 
all-concrete  silo  last  year,  and  will  use  it  for  feeding 
beef  cattle  and  sheep  to  take  care  of  the  roughage 
raised  on  the  farm. 

In  conclusion  I  would  say  that  while  they  have  had 
very  gratifying  success  with  poultry  at  the  Willow 
Wall  Farm,  and  that  the  venture  has  proved  profit¬ 
able,  it  is  not  because  it  came  easy.  It  came  through 
steady  hard  work  and  good  management  and  uncom¬ 
monly  good  planning  and  building,  and  then  thor¬ 
oughly  good  stock  well  cared  for.  R.  c.  angevine. 

THE  MULGOBA  MANGO. 

I  am  sending  you  one  dozen  Mulgoba  mangos, 
which  is  an  East  Indian  variety  imported  into  this 
country  by  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture.  It  is 
now  fast  being  placed  under  cultivation  for  Amer¬ 
ican  markets  in  Dade  County,  Fla.  Up  to  the  present 
time  there  are  less  than  200  trees  of  this  variety  in 
bearing  here,  and  we  have  sold  in  all  about  250  boxes 
of  this  fruit  to  the  best  trade  in  the  large  cities,  at 
$2,  $2.50,  and  $3  per  dozen  at  Miami,  Fla.  We  have 
never  handled  a  fruit  that  was  more  appreciated  than 
this,  which  we  consider  the  most  delicious  of  all 
dessert  fruits.  Figs.  52  and  53  show  the  fruit  in 
natural  size. 

In  considering  this  fruit,  one  should  eliminate  from 
the  mind  any  and  all  impressions  previously  formed 
by  direct  or  indirect  contact  with  the  fruit  generally 
known  by  the  name  of  mango  in  countless  numbers  of 
varieties  of  mongrel  seedlings  that  have  spread 
throughout  all  tropical  countries  from  their  native 
country,  the  East  Indies.  These  fruit  we  do  not 
consider  at  all  from  a  commercial  standpoint.  The 
cultivation  of  the  commercial  varieties  of  this  fruit 
has  previously  been  defeated  by  difficulties  in  propa- 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

gating  true  to  variety.  Prior  to  my  discoveries  in 
the  beginning  of  the  present  century  there  had  been 
no  way  to  accomplish  this  except  by  the  slow  and 
expensive  method  of  inarching,  as  is  still  practiced 
by  the  Hindoos  and  all  others  except  myself,  other 
than  a  few  trees,  largely  accidents  in  extensive  experi¬ 
ments  of  budding.  The  methods  we  apply  are  sim¬ 
ilar  in  results  to  those  applied  to  all  commercial  fruits 
in  civilized  countries,  except  that  some  peculiar  habits 
of  the  plant  make  it  still  more  expensive,  but  fully 
as  progressive. 

The  Mulgoba  mango  was  introduced  into  this  coun¬ 
try  in  1889  by  the  importation  of  an  inarched  tree 
from  India,  and  up  to  the  close  of  the  year  1900 
there  were  less  than  one  hundred  inarched  trees  in 
South  Florida  of  this  variety,  and  about  the  same 
number  of  inarched  trees  of  this  and  other  fine  vari¬ 
eties  from  the  East  Indies,  growing  in  government 
gardens  and  botanical  collections  on  the  Western 
hemisphere.  Since  that  time  and  now  growing  in 
orchard  places,  there  are  less  than  500  trees  of  this 
variety  except  those  produced  in  our  operations. 

The  Mulgoba  we  consider  the  only  standard  com¬ 
mercial  variety  of  mango  tested  in  this  country,  and 
there  are  several  thousand  trees  now  planted  here  in 
commercial  orchards.  There  were  only  about  200  of 
these  of  bearing  age  and  producing  fruit  this  season, 
which  have  given  us  sufficient  fruit  to  establish  in 
market  in  the  largest  cities,  and  only  among  a  few 
of  the  fancy  dealers.  I  find  it  the  easiest  fruit  product 
to  sell  that  I  have  ever  offered  to  the  fruit  trade. 
We  now  consider  ourselves  over  the  pioneer  days  in 
this,  the  most  promising  industry  of  modern  horticul¬ 
ture.  geo.  b.  cellon. 

Dade  Co.,  Fla. 


THE  COST  OF  A  CROP. 

Hunting  Out  Hunt’s  Potato  Figures. 

I  wish  to  ask  C.  I.  Hunt,  page  9,  if  there  are  any 
farms  for  sale  in  his  country,  .his  land  of  paradise — 
where  the  worm  abideth  not  in  the  soil,  where  the 
lusty  weed  stealeth  not  the  sustenance  from  its  do¬ 
mestic  cousin,  but  dieth  without  a  murmur.  Where 
the  luxuriant  potato  groweth  undisturbed  by  weeds, 
molested  not  by  bugs  or  blight,  strong  and  vigorous, 
on  through  the  Autumn  till  the  glistening  white  frost 
ripens  them  for  harvest.  Two  hundred  and  ten 
bushels,  large,  smooth,  shapely  beauties  for  each  acre, 
never  a  small,  rough,  misshapen  one  in  the  bunch; 
where  young  boys  dig  three-fifths  of  an  acre  each 
per  day,  and  still  find  time  to  pick  them  up,  120 
bushels  the  while,  sorting  out  the  “dry  rots”  and 
placing  them  on  the  wagon  before  dark.  Surely  is 
this  paradise,  else  were  true  the  fairyland  tales  that 
enchanted  my  youth. 

If  there  are  any  acres  lying  loose,  Mr.  Hunt,  that 
can  be  picked  up  at  a  reasonable  figure,  say  a  few 
thousand  per  acre,  I  would  deem  it  a  great  personal 
favor  if  you  would  acquaint  me  of  the  fact  at  once, 
for  I  am  anxious  to  invest  my  little  all  in  your 
Garden  of  Eden.  I  have  been  plodding  along  in  my 
slow  and  humble  way,  digging  a  livelihood  from  the 
stubborn  soil  for  lo,  these  many  years,  and  I  cannot 
find  it  in  my  heart,  Friend  Hunt,  nor  yet  in  my  ex¬ 
perience,  to  agree  with  all  you  say.  For  instance, 
you  consider  your  farm  your  bank,  its  individual 
acres  your  capital  stock.  You  loaned  yourself  four 
acres  of  that  capital  stock  to  grow  a  crop  of  po¬ 
tatoes  and  made  no  charge  for  it.  Would  you  be  as 
liberal  to  your  neighbor  who  wanted  to  borrow  of 
you  four  acres  lor  the  same  purpose?  Have  you  an 
idea  your  banker  would  loan  you  a  sum  of  money 
from  his  capital  stock  equal  to  the  value  of  those  four 
acres  and  not  charge  you  interest?  Have  you  an 
idea  your  tax  gatherer  will  overlook  that  four-acre 
potato  field?  If  he  does  he  belongs  to  a  different 
species  than  the  one  I  am  familiar  with.  “The  end 
of  the  year  is  the  time  to  figure  the  interest  on  the 
value  of  the  whole  farm.”  Yes?  What  are  you  go¬ 
ing  to  charge  the  interest  on  the  value  of  that  four 
acres  to?  Your  cows,  your  hens  or  your  pigs  be¬ 
cause  they  ate  a  few  rotten  potatoes?  If  those  po¬ 
tatoes  had  any  food  value  they  should  be  charged 
to  your  animals  as  food,  and  a  like  amount  credited 
to  that  four-acre  potato  crop.  If  each  of  your  indi¬ 
vidual  acres  do  not  pay  the  interest. on  its  value,  pay 
for  taxes,  seed,  plant  food,  for  every  scrap  of  labor 
and  expense  connected  with  the  yearly  crop,  then, 
where,  in  the  name  of  justice,  are  you  going  to  get  it? 

If  each  of  your  animals  does  not  pay  for  every 
particle  of  food,  pay  rent  for  shelter,  pay  interest  on 
value  and  depreciation,  pay  for  every  scrap  of  la¬ 
bor  and  expense  connected  with  their  living  and  com¬ 
fort,  then  where  are  you  going  to  get  that?  Do  you 
consider  your  farming  or  any  part  of  it  a  luxury  to 
be  paid  for  from  some  other  income?  “If  properly 
used  the  farm  will  grow  better  year  by  year.”  Let’s 
see  about  that.  You  added  100  pounds  of  phosphoric 


February  li, 

acid  and  80  pounds  of  potash,  no  nitrogen.  You  dug 
767  bushels  sound,  75  bushels  rotten  potatoes,  842 
bushels  in  all.  Now  turn  to  The  R.  N.-Y.,  page  1184, 
under  title  “Making  Good  Loss  of  Plant  Food.”  You 
will  find  your  842  bushels  of  potatoes  took  approxi¬ 
mately  108  pounds  of  nitrogen  from  the  soil,  while 
none  was  added.  Now  in  my  country  nitrogen  is 
a  very  essential  element  for  plant  growth,  and  to 
buy  it  from  a  dealer,  costs  20  cents  a  pound,  or  $21.60 
for  that  taken  from  your  four  acres.  You  added  80 
pounds  of  potash  and  took  from  the  soil  in  that 
crop  of  potatoes  148  pounds,  a  loss  of  68  pounds  to 
the  soil,  representing  a  money  value  of  $4.76.  Be¬ 
sides  this,  you  used  a  part  of  the  organic  matter,  the 
vigor  and  push  of  your  soil,  and  lowered  its  vitality, 
its  physical  condition,  just  that  much.  Will  your 
soil  overlook  this  little  defect  and  keep  on  producing 
more  vigorously  than  ever?  Well,  I  have  known 
farmers  aplenty  who  thought  so,  and  laid  constantly 
diminishing  crops  to  too  much  wet,  too  much  dry,  too 
much  heat,  too  much  cold,  to  poor  seed,  to  bugs, 
worms,  crows,  to  ill  health,  lack  of  help  at  the  right 
time,  to  every  cause  but  the  real  one,  and  their  chil¬ 
dren,  grown  weary  of  the  small  and  smaller  harvests, 
the  empty  pocketbook,  went  to  the  cities,  and  farms 
that  changed  hands  30  years  ago  for  $7,000  to  $10,000 
are  begging  for  buyers  to-day  for  $700  to  $1,000,  50 
to  100  acres  are  needed  to  produce  what  would  readily 
grow  on  a  10-acre  field  30  years  ago.  These  farmers 
had  been  “producing  the  largest  crops  with  the  least 
work  and  expense  and  the  maximum  net  profit.” 

“Land  that  is  kept  busy  will  not  get  wormy,”  I 
agree.  I  have  a  field  of  seven  acres  thrown  in  as  a 
chromo  with  a  purchased  wood  lot  that  has  been  kept 
busy  for  40  years  and  it  isn’t  wormy;  you  couldn’t 
find  a  worm  with  the  aid  of  a  spade  and  a  micro¬ 
scope  in  a  day’s  hunt,  for  the  simple  reason  there  isn’t 
a  scrap  of  anything  for  a  worm  to  live  on.  Forty 
years  ago  this  was  a  piece  of  virgin  soil  of  unusual 
fertility  for  this  section ;  it  was  purchased  for  $50 
an  acre  for  agricultural  purposes,  and  it  was  kept 
going.  After  20  years  it  seemed  to  need  a  stimulant 
and  small  amounts  of  fertilizer  were  put  in  with  the 
seed  to  start  a  strong  and  vigorous  plant  that  would 
send  its  hungry,  greedy  roots  deep  and  wide  in  the 
starving  soil  in  search  of  food  and  drink.  To-day 
that  whole  seven  acres  is  not  worth  50  cents ;  common 
barnyard  weeds  that  ordinarily  grow  high  as  a  man’s 
head  will  not  get  above  six  inches  in  the  most  fertile 
spots.  But  the  worms  have  gone.  Also  the  fertility 
has  gone,  the  producing  power,  the  flesh  and  blood 
has  gone,  and  the  wind  blows  the  dust  in  clouds  from 
its  bare  and  sun-baked  bones 

“The  time  to  pull  weeds  is  when  they  are  small  and 
you  can  pull  them  by  the  million  with  a  good  weeder.” 
Yes?  Our  weeders,  however,  have  a  trick  of  skipping 
a  few  hundred  from  each  of  those  million  weeds;  these 
grow  apace  with  the  potatoes,  and  the  wings  on  the 
cultivator  will  not  cover  them  without  also  covering  ’ 
the  potatoes,  and  we  have  to  go  after  those  weeds 
with  our  hands.  And  it  often  happens  that  after  the 
potatoes  have  been  hilled  and  not  a  weed  in  sight 
another  crop  will  grow  when  the  potato  vines  are  too 
large  to  admit  of  horse  tillage,  and  these  have  to 
be  pulled  in  late  August,  or  form  a  mat  at  digging 
time,  and  furnish  a  fresh  supply  of  weed  seeds. 

“Land  that  will  grow  190  bushels  potatoes  ought 
to  grow  20  tons  well-eared  corn  for  the  silo.”  Per¬ 
haps,  in  Eden,  but  not  always.  I  can  show  you  acres 
aplenty  that  will  grow  190  bushels  potatoes  that  with 
equally  good  culture  will  not  grow  eight  tons  of 
silage  per  acre.  “If  seed  shows  scab  it  is  ducked 
in  formalin.”  Yes?  We  never  plant  a  scabby  potato, 
and  our  seed  has  had  a  bath  every  year  for  a  long 
time,  first  with  corrosive  sublimate  and  in  later  years 
with  formalin.  Yet  we  seldom  fail  to  find  a  certain 
per  cent  of  scabby  potatoes  at  digging  time.  “No 
bugs  or  blight  because  of  resistant  varieties.”  We 
have  tried  a  number  of  them,  so-called,  yet  the  bugs 
like  them,  and  while  some  of  them  will  stand  a  week 
or  two  longer  if  blight  is  prevalent  it  gets  them  in 
the  end.  I  would  certainly  like  to  hire  some  of 
those  “young  boys”  to  harvest  my  potato  crop  next 
Fall.  I  would  treat  them  with  as  much  consideration 
as  I  could  treat  the  most  favored  visitor. 

Now,  see  here,  Neighbor  Hunt,  you  and  T  are 
farmers  digging  a  livelihood  from  the  soil.  There 
are  many  hard  and  knotty  problems  confronting  us. 
Also  there  is  a  big  fight  ahead  that  needs  our  undi¬ 
vided  attention.  Don’t  you  know  there  is’  a  strong 
bitter  feeling  of  resentment  toward  us  farmers 
growing  in  the  bosoms  of  the  city  wage-earners  be¬ 
cause  of  the  high  cost  of  their  daily  food,  a  feeling  that, 
has  been  planted  and  is  being  nourished  and  fostered 
by  the  handlers  of  food  products  to  exonerate  them¬ 
selves  for  the  excessive  tolls  they  take?  Don’t  you 
know  we  farmers  are  being  systematically  “trimmed” 
by  those  in  higher  control?  Don’t  you  know  that 
measures  that  would  benefit  alike  the  farmer  and  the 
laborer  are  being  denied  us?  Don’t  you  know  we 
are  in  need  of  facts  and  figures  that  will  show  up 
our  industry  in  its  true  light?  Don’t  you  know  we 
have  The  R.  N.-Y.,  the  strongest,  fairest,  .most  fear¬ 
less  publication  of  the  agricultural  press,  to  help  us 
gather  those  facts  and  figures?  Then  come  out, 
Friend  Hunt,  and  give  us  the  real  facts  of  that  crop 
of  potatoes.  Figure  the  interest  on  the  value  of  your 
land,  add  the  depreciation,  the  taxes,  the  cost  of 
added  plant  food,  the  cost  of  treating  and  cutting 
seed,  of  course,  as  you  planted  potatoes  of  your  own 
growing  and  you  never  grow  small  ones  you  had  to 
cut  them  in  order  to  plant  four  acres  with  40  bushels. 
Add  every  scrap  of  labor  and  expense  from  start  to 
finish,  even  to  repairing  potato  bins,  if  they  needed 
repairs,  or  else  make  an  extra  charge  for  storing; 
also  add  the  cost  of  marketing,  and,  when  you  sell 
your  potatoes,  tell  us  exactly  how  many  you  sold 
and  just  how  much  you  received  for  them,  and 
profit.  j.  B.  w. 


1911. 

WHAT  ABOUT  PEDIGREED  TREES? 
Extract  from  a  Nurseryman’s  Letter. 

For  fear  you  do  not  fully  appreciate  the  value  of  our 
“highbred”  trees,  we  wish  to  say,  owing  to  this  work  of 
breeding  up,  every  one  of  our  trees  will  produce  fruit  of 
the  very  best  in  color,  flavor,  size,  shape  and  keeping 
quality,  and  the  trees  will  be  hardy,  early  and  prolific 
bearers.  They  are  bred  up  for  this  purpose,  just  as  a 
race  horse  is  bred  up  for  speed.  There  is  just  as  much 
difference  in  value  of  our  trees  over  those  not  bred  up  as 
there  is  difference  in  value  of  pedigreed  and  scrub  animals. 

The  practice  is  becoming  quite  common  among 
nurserymen  to  select  scions  or  buds  from  orchards 
having  considerable  reputation,  with  the  assumption 
that  trees  so  propagated  will,  when  they  come  into 
bearing,  display  the  same  characteristic  for  which  the 
parent  orchards  have  become  noted.  This  is 
usually  the  production  of  heavy  crops  of  fruit, 
or  at  least  the  addition  of  dollars  to  the  owner’s 
bank  account.  One  nurseryman  of  my  ac¬ 
quaintance  secures  his  propagating  wood  so 
far  as  possible  from  trees  which  have  pro¬ 
duced  the  blue  ribbon  fruit  exhibited  at  various 
fruit  shows.  Another  sends  his  agents  to  col¬ 
lect  buds  from  well-known  fruit  sections,  even 
going  so  far  as  to  have  these  agents  take  their 
oath  that  they  secured  them  in  a  certain  local¬ 
ity  or  orchard. 

As  a  talking  point  this  is  probably  worth 
all  it  costs.  I  have  sometimes  held  that  it 
should  be  encouraged,  inasmuch  as  it  at  least 
showed  a  spirit  of  progress.  On  the  other 
hand,  it  becomes  a  powerful  lever  in  the  hands 
of  dishonest  nurserymen  and  dealers  who  arc 
willing  to  claim  almost  any  virtue  for  their 
so-called  “pedigree  trees,”  which  may  or  may 
not  be  from  selected  buds,  but  for  which  they 
receive  an  exorbitant  price.  Personally  I  have 
yet  to  see  any  well-authenticated  instance  of 
improvement  in  fruits  by  means  of  bud  selec¬ 
tion,  except  in  the  very  rare  cases  of  mutations 
or  bud  sports,  such  as,  for  example,  the  King 
grape.  By  this  I  do  not  mean  that  improve¬ 
ment  of  plants  is  impossible,  for  we  have  exam¬ 
ples  of  this  in  every  improved  variety.  It 
must  be  remembered,  however,  that  the  method 
of  propagating  fruits  is  much  different  from 
that  of  most  plants  or  the  breeding  of  animals. 

The  former  are  propagated  vegetativelv,  that 
is,  by  means  of  cuttings,  or  by  budding,  graft¬ 
ing,  etc.,  in  which  the  seed  plays  no  part.  The 
latter  are  the  result  of  a  union  between  the 
male  and  female  element,  and  they  thus  com¬ 
bine — always  in  the  case  of  the  higher  animals 
and  usually  in  the  case  of  plants— the  charac¬ 
teristics  of  two  individuals,  whether  they  be 
turnips  or  horses.  Of  course  fruit  trees  may 
be  propagated  by  this  method,  but  it  is  im¬ 
possible,  or  nearly  so,  to  reproduce  a  variety 
by  this  means.  Laboratory  experiments  have 
shown  over  and  over  again  that  selection  with¬ 
in  a  vegetatively  propagated  species  is  of  little 
or  no  avail  in  breeding  up  a  new  strain. 

The  writer  has  seen  apple  trees  of  the  same 
variety,  propagated  from  the  same  parent  tree 
in  his  father’s  nursery,  which  have  shown  more 
variation  when  planted  in  different  orchards 
in  the  neighborhood  than  he  ever  saw  in  trees 
of  the  same  variety  secured  from  different 
sources,  but  planted  under  identical  conditions. 

This  leads  one  to  believe  that  soil,  food  ma¬ 
terials  and  cultural  treatment  have  infinitely 
more  to  do  with  the  behavior  in  fruit  plants 
than  does  bud  selection.  The  department  of 
experimental,  horticulture  at  this  station  has 
experiments  under  way  to  test  this  much  dis¬ 
puted  question,  but  they  are  not  of  sufficient 
duration  to  warrant  the  forming  of  conclusions. 

Mr.  J.  E.  Burton  of  Indiana  has  some  in¬ 
teresting  facts  with  which  you  may  be  familiar. 

He  brought  together  by  grafting  on  the  same 
tree,  thus  making  the  environments  the  same, 
a  scion  from  a  Rambo  tree  bearing  small, 
poorly-flavored  fruit,  and  one  from  a  Rambo 
tree  which  always  bore  large,  finely  flavored 


Tt-lEJ  RURAL  NEW-VORKSR 

tically  all  variations  within  a  variety  such  as  in¬ 
creased  fruitfulness,  high  color,  large  size,  etc.,  are 
the  result  of  more  favorable  conditions,  and  that  in 
such  cases  these  characters  are  not  hereditary. 


Penn.  State  College. 


W.  J.  WRIGHT. 


GUARANTEED  MACHINERY. 

Some  recent  articles  in  The  R.  N.-Y  about  paying 
for  unsatisfactory  machinery,  when  coupled  with  my 
own  experience,  tend  to  show  that  the  important 
point  in  transactions  of  this  kind  is  to  return  the 
machinery  such  as  soon  as  found  unsatisfactory.  If 
the  makers  guarantee  that  the  machine  will  give  satis¬ 
faction,  or  if  it  be  built  to  specifications,  return  it 


THE  MULGOBA  MANGO,  NATURAL  SIZE.  Fig.  5:3 


1S5 

We  got  the  machine,  found  it  was  not  built  as 
agreed,  sent  it  back,  get  another,  and  this  machine 
was  not  put  together  right,  and  had  to  go  back  to  the 
factory.  When  we  finally  got  to  spraying  we  could 
not  do  good  work,  and  the  machine  broke  down  re¬ 
peatedly,  the  maker  sending  a  man  from  the  factory 
to  repair  it.  Wre  did  not  get  our  spraying  half  done, 
and  wrote  and  told  the  maker  the  machine  would  not 
do  the  work.  Potato  spraying  time  came,  and  we 
used  the  machine  for  this  work.  The  maker  sent 
bills  and  statements,  claiming  we  did  not  know  how 
to  run  the  machine.  We  were  willing  to  pay  the 
value  of  the  machine,  as  a  potato  sprayer,  but  not  its 
full  value,  because  it  could  not  be  made  to  spray  the 
Hrge  trees  satisfactorily. 

Finally  the  maker  sued  in  the  Supreme 
Court,  and  though  any  amount  of  testimony 
was  introduced  showing  the  machine  would 
not  do  the  work  it  was  guaranteed  to  do,  and 
the  guarantees  both  verbal  and  printed  were 
admitted,  the  judge  personally  found  a  ver¬ 
dict  for  the  plaintiff  for  the  full  amount.  He 
said  we  had  forfeited  our  right  to  protection 
under  the  guarantee  when  we  did  not  return 
the  machine  as  soon  as  we  found  it  would  not 
do  the  work.  He  said  he  would  have  allowed 
the  jury  to  decide  a  question  of  damages  had 
we  introduced  testimony  showing  to  what 
extent  we  had  been  damaged,  but  since  we 
did  not  introduce  such  testimony  we  were 
not  entitled  to  anything.  This  verdict  was  a 
complete  surprise  to  everyone  in  the  court 
room,  including  both  lawyers,  for  no  one 
there  understood  this  interpretation  of  the  law. 
So  we  find  we  must  have  no  consideration  for 
the  manufacturer’s  feelings,  and  if  the  ma¬ 
chine  is  not  as  agreed,  do  not  wait,  but  send 
it  back  at  once.  I  made  the  mistake  of  wait¬ 
ing  a  long  time  to  give  him  a  chance  to  make 
the  machine  right.  Be  sure  the  guarantee 
protects  you,  for  we  see  everything  guaran¬ 
teed,  but  seldom  do  they  stand  a  test.  Go 
slowly  into  a  so-called  court  of  justice,  for 
your  idea  of  justice  may  not  be  the  same  as 
that  of  the  particular  judge  before  whom  your 
case  will  be  tried.  The  judge  in  this  case 
showed  extreme  impatience  with  the  whole 
proceeding  (a  small  case  in  a  big  court)  and 
could  not  even  allow  the  jury  to  decide  in  the 
matter.  victim. 

Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y. 


SECTION  OF  MULGOBA  MANGO.  Fig.  53. 


ones  nder  these  conditions  both  were  the  same,  just  as  soon  as  you  find  it  does  not  came  up  to  the 
e  also  conducted  a  similar  experiment  with  Grimes,  contract.  Having  about  25  acres  of  large  and  small 
a  mg  scions  from  a  tree  which  bore  heavy  crops,  trees,  and  20  acres  of  potatoes  to  spray,  we  had  about 
o  iers  rom  a  irimes  tree  of  the  same  age  which  made  up  our  minds  to  buy  a  power  sprayer  for  trees 
scarcely  bore  at  all.  Under  the  same  conditions  the  and  a  traction  sprayer  for  potatoes.  At  this  time  we  . . - .  -  - . »  ~  -  - - 

scions  were  equally  fruitful.  In  fact,  in  all  his  ex-  met  a  manufacturer  of  traction  sprayers  who  claimed  annual  crops  under  good  care  and  high  feeding  with 
perience  aloner  this  line  he  Inc  nP,Wr  ,  ,  ,  ,  .  '  ....  proper  thinning,  and  the  grower  who  wishes  annual 

propagated ^ Iron  ceW. ,  6  ad  3  mach,ne  that  wou,d  do  a11  work.  We  cPr0ps  must  k«p  in  mind  the  fact  that  he  must 

.  .  c  sci0ns  were  in  any  way  did  not  feel  sure  this  was  so,  but  his  guarantee  was  thin  his  fruit,  that  the  trees  will  not  stand  neglect, 

penor  to  those  propagated  from  unselected  ones.  so  strong  we  took  a  machine  on  trial  In  the  catalogue  but  must  kave  g°°d  care  an^  feeding  (and  any 
Mr.  J.  W.  Kerr  of  Maryland  says:  “In  a  test  with  made  a  part  of  this  agreement,  was  a  guarantee  that  uP-to-date  apple  grower  knows  what  that  means), 

trees  propagated  from  a  tree  of  Wild  Goose  plum  this  machine  would  be  satisfactorv  In  the  verbal  ^  all.mi.^t  ,e  C'\°°se  varieties  which  grow 

that  .  ..  c  wul,JJ  IJC  sausiactory.  in  tne  \ernai  to  perfection  in  Ins  locality,  and  sell  at  high  prices 


ANNUAL  BEARING  OF  APPLE  TREES. 

Our  experience  has  been  that  those  varie¬ 
ties  of  apples  which  will  produce  first-class 
fruit,  especially  in  eating  qualities,  under  high 
feeding  and  culture,  can  be  made  as  a  rule  to 
produce  annual  crops  of  fruit.  But  apples 
which  for  their  best  development  will  not 
stand  too  high  feeding  and  culture,  of  which 
the  Baldwin  is  a  good  example,  an  apple 
which  can  be  fed  so  as  to  injure  both  its  eating 
and  keeping  qualities,  cannot  be  so  changed 
as  to  grow  annual  crops  at  a  profit.  Our  best 
and  highest  priced  fruit  of  that  variety  has 
always  been  on  trees  well  loaded  (not  over¬ 
loaded)  with  fruit.  Of  course  part  of  a  tree 
may  bear  one  year  and  the  barren  part  the 
following  year,  with  first-class  fruit  both 
years.  Should  we  wish  to  grow  commercially 
such  apples  as  Baldwin  and  Gravenstein  in 
equal  amounts  each  year,  viz.,  raise  as  near 
as  possible  the  same  amount  of  fruit  each 
year  for  sale,  we  should  try  to  do  this  by 
changing  the  bearing  year  of  enough  of  trees, 
either  by  picking  the  small  fruit  early  in  the 
season  or  destroying  their  blossoms,  and  we 
believe  such  method  would  be  more  satisfac¬ 
tory  and  profitable  than  trying  to  grow  an¬ 
nual  crops  from  the  whole  orchard.  And  yet 
with  the  Baldwin  especially  I  think  it  would 
require  some  care  to  prevent  them  gradually 
working  back  to  their  natural  bearing  year.  But  with 
that  class  of  apples  of  which  Williams  is  a  good  exam¬ 
ple,  we  should  consider  it  both  possible  and  practicable 
to  raise  from  trees  of  bearing  age  20  paying  crops 
in  as  many  years,  natural  causes  not  preventing.  We 
have  known  the  R.  I.  Greening  to  bear  profitable 
annual  crops  under  good  care  and  high  feeding  with 


.i  .  ,  .  .  — mav-iiuic  wuui'j  ue  sausiactory.  in  me  ve 

produced  fruit  notably  large  and  fine,  with  trees  understanding  the  exact  nature  of  the  work  to  be 

-  ^  10™  dlc  °^ler  extreme,  demonstrated  done  wras  stated  in  the  kind,  size  and  amount  of  trees 

"  rr'y  ™  |l,”der  like  conditions  of  soil  both  were  and  potatoes  to  be  sprayed,  and  the  maker  guaranteed 
min  u  C  J^°,e  ^UmS'  ^'T°  more>  no  less-”  Sum-  this  machine  to  spray  these  satisfactorily  and  better 
S  aU  up’  1  th,nk  we  may  safely  say  that  prac-  .than  any  other  sprayer  on  the  market. 


«nvi  iwzvz  v  v,  mi  mvii  v  »Y 

to  perfection  in  his  locality,  and  sell  at  high  prices 
in  the  markets  he  would  ship  to.  In  fact,  he  must 
grow  high-class  fruit.  On  young  trees  before  they 
bear  heavy  crops  annual  bearing  is  common  even 
on  Baldwins.  Yet-  I  never  picked  my  prize-winning 
fruit  of  that  variety  from  such  trees. 

Massachusetts.  H.  o.  MEAD. 


J66 


THE  KUKAb  NEW-VOKKEK 


February  11 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the  name 
and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure  attention.  Be¬ 
fore  ashing  a  question,  please  see  whether  it  is  not 
answered  in  our  advertising  columns.  Ask  only 
a  few  Questions  at  one  time.  Put  questions  on  a 
operate  piece  of  paper.] 


Hen  Manure  on  Fruit. 

S.  H.,  Easton ,  Fa. — Is  it  advisable  to  use 
hen  manure  for  fertilizing  peach  trees,  or 
in  fact  all  kinds  of  fruit  trees?  I  used 
some  on  my  peach  trees  last  Spring,  and 
they  made  a  splendid  growth  last  season. 

1  thought  perhaps  there  was  danger  in 
growing  too  much  wood  as  they  got  older. 
They  are  two  years  old  this  Spring.  On 
the  other  fruit  trees  I  used  stable  manure. 
They  also  have  made  a  fine  growth.  If  this 
method  is  not  advisable,  give  me  some  other 
compounds. 

Ans.- — Hen  manure  is  a  stimulating 
fertilizer,  since  it  contains  considerable 
nitrogen  in  an  available  form.  It  will 
produce  a  rank  growth  of  wood,  but  if 
nothing  else  is  used  year  after  year  this 
wood  will  be  too  soft  and  tender.  A 
mixture  of  three  parts  acid  phosphate 
and  one  part  sulphate  of  potash  will  be  j 
excellent  to  use  with  the  manure,  or  you 
can  handle  it  as  described  in  “The 
Business  Hen.” 


energy  and  money  that  is  now  given  by 
northern  people  to  the  pecan.  It  is 
about  equal  to  the  pecan  in  quality  and 
finds  a  good  sale.  h.  e.  van  deman. 

Fertilizer  for  Small  Fruits. 

I  would  like  to  know  if  there  is  not  some 
special  fertilizer  for  gooseberries,  currants 
and  raspberries.  If  so,  let  me  know  what 
to  use,  and  the  amount  for  each  bush. 

Lindsborg,  Kan.  c.  f.  h. 

In  the  Eastern  States  special  mixtures  of 
chemicals  for  “fruit  and  vine”  are  made 
and  sold.  It  would  not  pay  you  to  have 
them  shipped  long  distances.  Can  you  ob¬ 
tain  wood  ashes?  If  so  use  a  ton  to  the 
acre  and  in  addition  500  pounds  of  fine 
ground  bone.  You  need  not  mix  them ; 
broadcast  and  cultivate  in.  This  combina¬ 
tion  will  probably  be  as  cheap  as  anything 
you  can  buy.  If  you  cannot  get  the 
ashes  use  200  pounds  sulphate  of  potash 
with  the  bone. 


“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 


REASONS  WHY 


BLANCHARD’S 


brand** 

a 


Spraying 

ARE  THE  BEST 


teriais 


Use  of  Coal  Ashes. 

.1 .  O.  V.,  PurcellviUe,  Va. — Will  you  give 
what  information  you  can  regarding  the 
disposal  of  cinders  and  ashes  to  the  best 
advantage?  Would  they  be  of  any  value 
to  the  land  by  mixing  them  with  manure 
or  fertilizer,  and  spreading  them  over  it? 

Ans. — Assuming  that  you  mean  coal 
ashes,  there  is  little  or  no  plant  food. 
They  are  unlike  wood  ashes  in  this 
respect.  The  coal  ashes  make  a  good 
mulch  around  currant  or  raspberry 
bushes,  or  around  trees.  We  use  them 
freely  for  this  purpose.  They  are  also 
good  as  absorbents  to  hold  stable  liq¬ 
uids,  or  in  the  poultry  house  or  manure 
piles.  In  some  cases  they  are  used  as 
"carriers.”  Soluble  chemicals,  like  ni¬ 
trate  of  soda,  potash,  etc.,  are  dissolved 
and  the  solution  sprinkled  over  the 
sifted  ashes.  When  dry  these  can  be 
spread  like  a  fertilizer  carrying  the  plant 
food.  It  has  been  frequently  noticed 
that  coal  ashes  actually  increase  crops 
when  applied  to  land.  This  is  not  be¬ 
cause  they  add  plant  food,  but  because 
they  improve  the  condition  of  the  soil. 
On  iight  soils  they  bind  together  and 
fill  in,  so  that  the  soil  holds  moisture. 
They  open  up  heavy  soils  so  as  to  give 
better  drainage  and  more  air,  and  thus 
give  the  crop  a  better  chance. 

Pecan  Trees  in  the  North. 

E.  F.  T.,  Trenton.  Mich. — I  am  very 
much  interested  in  seeing  if  I  can  fruit  the 
pecan  here,  the  more  hardy  varieties.  In 
reading  a  book,  “Nuts  for  Profit,”  I  note 
a  quotation  stating  that  “No  State  has  the 
monopoly  of  pec  t  culture ;  it  will  pay  in 
45  States  as  weu  as  Texas,”  and  in  corre¬ 
spondence  with  Mason  J.  Niblack,  of  In¬ 
diana,  he  informed  me  that  he  had  beard 
of  an  old  bearing  pecan  tree  near  Niagara 
Falls,  N.  Y. 

Ans. — There  is  no  doubt  that  the 
culture  of  the  pecan  can  and  will  be 
greatly  extended  northward  when  there 
are  good  hardy  varieties  brought  to  pub¬ 
lic  notice.  But  now  there  are  very  few 
varieties  that  are  of  any  special  value  as 
nuts  and  also  hardy  enough  to  endure 
the  climate  of  the  Ohio  Valley,  where 
they  were  nearly  all  found.  Missouri 
and  Kansas  no  doubt  have  a  few  such, 
and  I  already  have  one  from  southern 
Missouri.  But  as  a  success  in  New 
York  I  am  doubtful,  because  of  the 
short  Summers,  mainly.  It  requires  a 
long,  warm  Summer  and  Fall  to  mature 
pecans.  I  very  seriously  doubt  the  pre¬ 
diction,  for  it  is  not  a  statement  of  fact, 
that  “it  will  pay  in  43  States-  as  well"  as 
Texas.”  It  is  the  most  southern  species 
of  the  hickory  genus  and  diminishes  in 
natural  abundance  and  size  and  value  of 
the  nuts  as  the  area  extends  northward. 
Southern  Indiana  and  Illinois  comprises 
the  main  area  where  there  are  trees  in 
any  considerable  numbers.  The  true 
Shagbark  hickory  is  much  hardier  in 
tree,  earlier  to  ripen  its  nuts,  and  is  a 
good  bearer.  It  would  be  better  to  de¬ 
vote  to  this  nut  tree,  the  most  of  the 


QCPAIIQE  Blanchard  la  the  OLDEST  manufacturer  of 
DkUnU vk  agricultural  epray«  iu  the  world. 

D CP  Alice  Blanchard  is  the  LARGEST  manufacturer  of 
DLuAUOL  agricultural  sprays  iu  the  world, 
nrp  AIIQC  Blanchard  Is  the  only  firm  wIiobc  exclusive  bue- 
DlIAUOL  iness  is  manufacturing  sprays  and  insecticides. 

DCPAIleC  Blanchard  is  the  only  manufacturer  of  a  COM- 
DLUAUOL  J’LETE  LINE  o!  agricultural  sprays. 

nrp  A 1ICC  Blanchard  s  are  the  most  PERFECTLY 
DluAUOL  EQUIPPED  factories  in  the  world. 

D  CP  A  I  ICC  Blanchard  uses  his  own  improved  processes 

DLUnUOL  and  makes  nothing  but  insecticides  and  sprays. 


SOME  BLANCHARD  PRODUCTS 

LION  BRAND  Lime-Sulphur  LION  BRAND  Kerosent 

Solution  Emulsion 

LION  BRAND  Bordeaux  Mixture  LION  BRAND  Whtle  Oil  Soap 
LION  BRAND  Pure  Paris  Green  LION  BRAND  Insect  Powder 
LION  BRAND  Arsenate  of  Lead  LION  BRAND  Powdered  Tobacco 

Every  successful  grower  knows  he  must  spray  to  have 
an  orchard  constantly  increasing  in  value  and  earning 

j  '  n's  tdinply  a  question  whose  spraying  materials  to  use. 
Those  who  fo»ow  will  have  none  but  BLANCHARD'S 
LION  BRAND,  because  of  their  scientific  formulas, 
perfection  in  manufacture,  and  dependable  uniformity 
in  quality  and  effectiveness.  Buy  from  your  local  dealer 
or  write  to  us  and  refuse  to  allow  any  one  to  substitute 
any  other  brand. 

LION  BRAND  PRODUCTS  ARE  GUARANTEED  UNDER  THE 

INSECTICIDE  ACT  OF  1910  BY 

THE  JAMES  A.  BLANCHARD  CO., 

523  Hudson  Terminal,  1 06  Broad  SI., 

New  York  St.  Joseph,  Mich. 

rnrr  pnflif I  FT  "When,  How  and  Why  to  Spray,”  is 
rnci.  DUUixLLi  with  inlertKting  and  valuable  spraying 

ii, format  ion.  Send  your  add:  ess  for  a  Free  Copy. 

FOR  ALL  KINDS  OF 

CLOVER  and  FIELD 
SEEDS  also  GARDEN, 
FLOWER  SEEDS 
and  Implements 

Write  to  this  Old  Reliable 
House— Catalogue  Free 
and  Field  Seed  Price  List 
mailed  you  on  application. 

THE  HENRY  PHILIPPS  SEE0  AN0  IMPLEMENT  CO.Joledo,  0. 


5,000  QUARTS  OF 

STRAWBERRIES 

in  September  and  October 
from  one  acre  by  planting 
Kevitt’s  New  Fall-Bearing 
Plants.  This  I  guarantee  or 
I  will  return  your  money 
paid  for  plants.  Send  for  my 
catalogue.  Over  five  new 
fall-bearing  varieties. 

T.  C.  KEVITT,  ATHENIA,  N.  J. 


PIONEER 


SaS 


Fall-Bearing  Strawberries  amf^ ‘SUPERB!” 

Send  for  free  circulars  to  the  originator. 
_ SAMUEL  COOPER,  Dele  van,  N.  Y. 

GRAPE  VINES 

can  be  bought  right  this  year.  Send  ns  a 
memorandum  of  your  wants  for  prices. 

MINER  &  MINER.  Grape  Vine  Growers.  SHERIDAN,  H.  Y. 

>gree  Seed  Potatoes 

'o.rfUc,  while,  excellent  quality,  high  yielding 
strain,  bred  true  to  type.  400  bush,  per  acre  on  my 
farm.  Price,  83.50  per  bbl.  sack,  ltio  lbs.  net. 

YV.  L.  HAXXA.I1 .  Brunswick,  Me. 

nipp— NEW  CROP— PRODUCER  to  CONSUMER— 100  lbs. 
niUL  beautiful,  clean,  white,  whole  grain  South 
Carolina  extra  fancy  table  rice,  ready  for  cook¬ 
ing,  delivered  freight  prepaid  to  your  station,  $4.85. 
We  guarantee  safe  arrival  of  rice. 

J.  ED.  OABANISS,  Rice  Farmer,  Katy,  Texas. 

Potatoes,  Disease-Proof  Read’s 
Goldenflake,  Golden  Gem,  and  Peach- 
blow.  Newvarieties,  wonders.  Sold  direct.  Write 
for  facts  ,  G.  A.  READ  Read’s  Exp.  Farms,  Charlotte,  VI. 


SEED 


Seeds,  Plants,  Roses, 


Bulbs,  Vines,  Shrubs,  etc. 
Hundreds  of  car  lots  of 
FRUIT  and  ORNA¬ 
MENTAL  TREES.  1,200 
acres,  50  in  hardy  Roses, 
none  better  grown.  44  green¬ 
houses  of  Palms,  Ferns, 
Ficus,  Geraniums  and 
other  things  too  numerous 
to  mention.  Seeds,  Plants, 
Bulbs,  Roses,  Small  Trees,  etc.,  by  mail,  post¬ 
paid.  Safe  arrival  and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Immense  stock  of  SUPERB  CANNAS,  the 
queen  of  bedding  plants.  Acres  of  Paeonias  and 
other  Perennials.  50  choice  collections  cheap  in 
Seeds,  Plants,  Roses,  etc.  Elegant  168 -page 
Catalog  FREE.  Send  for  it  today  and  see  what 
values  we  give  for  your  money.  Direct  deal  will 
insure  you  the  best  at  first  cost.  57  years.  (11) 
The  Storrs  &  Harrison  Co.,  Box  156,  PainesviUe,  0. 


SEND 

For  Green’s  Free 
Book  on  Trees— 

Tells  how  to  plant 
for  Fruit  and  Shade 

Every  person  who  expects  to  plant  trees  this  spring- 
a  dozen  or  a  thousand— should  first  send  for  Green’s 
1911  Complete  Catalogue.  It  lists  everything  desirable 
in  fruit  and  shade  trees,  as  well  as  small  fruit;  tells  you 
how  we  sell  direct  to  you  from  our  nursery,  and  quotes 
you  lowest  “at-the-nursery”  prices. 

By  our  money-saving,  auality-giving  plan,  you  pay 
no  commissions,  but  buy  direct  from  one  of  the  largest 
nurseries  in  the  United  States,  and  you  get  wholesale 
prices.  * 

'AGENTS  PRICES  CUT  IN  TWO .  r§ 

fireeiL$J£2& 

— DIRECT  TO  ran 1 

We  grow,  bud  and  graft  quality  trees  from  bearing  orchards  of  our  own— all  hardy  northern 
grown  and  true  to  name.  Every  tree  is  triple  inspected  and  guaranteed  free  from  scale. 

Green’s  Nurseries  are  located  in  one  of  the  greatest  fruit  centers  in  the  United  States— north¬ 
ern  New  York— yet  we  are  6  to  12  miles  distant  from  other  nurseries— no  chance  for  contagious 

d  j 

Our  catalogue  is  our  only  salesman,  and  has  been  for  over  30  years.  Our  square  dealing 
policy  makes  our  customers  loyal  to  us  and  brings  them  back  year  after  year  with  ne  w  orders. 
If  you  have  never  bought  trees  under  Green’s  Nursery  plan,  investigate  bjr  sending  at  oncefor 
the  1911  catalogue,  and  we  will  also  send  you  free  our  remarkable  book.  Thirty  Years  With 
Fruits  and  Flowers.”  Capital,  $100,000. 

Green’s  Nursery  Co.,  Box  22,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


NURSERY  STOCK  IN  BARGAIN  LOTS. 


bargain  lots  ?)rder  one  or  more  lots,  as  may  be  desired.  These  lots  are  all  nice,  clean  stock,  tiue 
to  name  and  free  from  disease.  Write  for  descriptive  price  list.  .... 


NO.  1.  TOR  $6.00 

100  Elberta  Peach,  2  to  3  feet.  1  yr.  from  bud 
10  Jonathan  Apple,  1  year  2  to  3  feet 


NO.  5,  FOR  $10.00 

100  Apple,  select,  1  year,  3  to  four  feet 
10  Spitze libers;  30  Winesap  10  Rome  Beauty 

20  Winter  Banana  30  Jonathan 


NO.  6,  FOR  $16.00 

100  Cherry.  2  year  from  bud,  5  to  6  feet 
80  Early  Richmond  10  Montmorency 

10  Dyehouse 


NO.  4,  FOR  $8.00 

100  Apple,  2  to  3  feet,  first-class,  one  year 
40  Jonathan  40  Rome  Beauty  20  Winesap 

NO.  7,  FOR  $15.00 

50  Kieffer  Fear,  4  to  6  feet  first-class  00  Early  Richmond,  2  year,  4  to  6  feet 

.  .  .  ORDER  ANY  OF  THE  ABOVE  BY  NUMBER  .  .  . 

.NEW  HAVEN  NURSERIES,  NEW  HAVEN,  MISSOURI 


FRUIT  TREES 


Eldorado  Blackberries,  Strawberry  and 
Raspberry  Plants.  Catalog  free. 

BARNES  BROS.  NURSERY  CO. 

Box  8,  Yalesville,  Conn* 


FRUIT  TREES 

o  rash  promises.  Send  for  it  today. 


CHERRY  TREES  $8.00  PER  JDO  AX’>  U!’ 
A  complete  line  Apple,  Pear,  Plum,  Peach  and  Small  Fruits 

Readers  of  this  paper  are  familiar  with  the  \  allies 
we  have  offered  thru  its  columns  for  over  a  quarter 
of  a  century.  Our  new  catalog  is  ready,  it  makes 

H.  S.  WILEY  Si  SON,  Drawer  122,  Cayuga,  New  York. 


Fruit  Trees,  Ornamental  Trees, 

SHRUBS  and  ROSES, 
SMALL  FRUIT  PLANTS 

of  all  kinds  from  the  famous  Lake  Shore  re¬ 
gion  of  northern  Ohio.  Send  for  catalogue. 

MAPLE  BEND  NURSERY, 

T.  B.  West.  Lock  Box  287,  Perry,  Ohio. 


I 


450.000 


OO  '  arletlea.  Also  Grape#.  Small  Fruit*,  etc.  Best 

>oted  Block.  Genuine,  cheap.  2  sample  currants  mailed  fur  10c. 

atalog  free.  LKWI8  ttOKSCH  k  SOS,  Has  k  ,  Kredonla,  W.  Y. 


rznrz  ODD  apple  and 

PEACH  TREES 

Our  prices  are  50  per  cent  less  than  yon 
pay  agents  and  dealers,  because  in 
buying  direct  from  the  growers  you 
SAVE  TWO  PROFITS 
and  run  no  risk.  Every  tree  as  repre¬ 
sented.  True  to  name.  Fresh  dug. 
Personal  attention  given  each  order. 

2  Apple  Trees  J  SSKf.Jft 

postpaid  for  25  cents. 

Everybody  send  for  Free  catalogue. 

Maloney  Bros.  &  Wells, 

Box  13  ,  Dansville,  N.  Y . 

7‘  .  T 


m 


ms 

ITAL0G  FREE 


—150  ACRES.  Genesee  Valley 
grown.  “Not  the  cheapest,  but 
the  best.”  Never  have  had  San 
Jose  Scale.  Established  1869. 

GEO.  A.  SWEET  NURSERY  CO., 

20  Maple  SI..  Dansville.  N.  Y. 


Me  KAY’S  Peach  Trees  — ’ 

McKAY’S  Dwarf  Apple  Trees 
MCKAY’S  Acre  Cherry  Orchard,  $1 5 
MCKAY’S  Rose  Bushes  on  their  own  roots 
McKAY’S  Fertilizer  Chemicals  — — 
McKAY’S  Agricultural  Lime,  $3  per  ton 
McKAY’S  Catalogue  tells  about  them — and  more 
...  — w  -r  yy.  L.  McKay.  Geneva.  N.  Y.  Bo*  F 

Hardy  Highland  Nursery  Stock 

Acclimated  to  Northern  climate.  Always  true  to 
label.  No  scale  ever  found  in  our  Nursery  bend 
for  catalog.  L  M.EMPIE,  Box  A,  Johnstown.  N  Y. 

Free  outfit.  Commis¬ 
sionpaidweekly.  Write 
for  terms.  PERRY  NURS¬ 
ERIES,  Rochester,  N.  V, 


ILESMEN  WANTED 

SELL  TREES  AND  PLANTS 


Fresh  Dug'  Nursery  Stock. 

A  complete  assortment  of  the  finest  Genesee  A  alley 
Grown  Fruit  Trees,  etc,  Stock  guaranteed,  price 

right.  Send  for  free  L  w  HALL  &  GO.,  Rochester,  N.Y 

catalogue.  _ • 


Fruit  Trees  From  the  Grower. 

Save  middlemen's  expense  and  get  them 
fresh  dug.  Catalog  free. 

WM.  J.  REILLY,  NURSERYMAN.  DANSVILLE,  N  Y. 

5  sTw0on.;e.Hr“ofd  Grapevines  50  cts. 

Sent  postpaid.  Best  varieties— red,  white,  black.  We  also 
offer  Five  Three-Tear-Old  Vines  for  $1.00*  Will  bear  year 
after  planting.  Valuable  book  how  to  plant,  cultivate  and 
prune,  free  with  every  order.  Grapes  are  easily  grown 
and  should  be  in  every  garden.  Mention  this  paper  and 
we’ll  add  free,  one  new,  large,  red  currant. 

T,  S.  Hubbard  Co„  Brapevine  Specialists,  350  Central  Ave.,  Frodonia,  N.Y, 
Established  U  Years. 


rnillT  TDCCC  Pear*,  Bartlett,  Beckel  and  other*. 
rKlIll  InCCj  C'herrie* and  Plum*, all  standard 
varieties.  Peache*  grown  from  buds  from  hearing 
Btock.  Get  wholesale  prices  direct  from  us  ;  also  $1  hot 
Offers.  Free  Catalog.  Prize  Hampshire  sheep.  Write 
W.  P.  RUPERT  ii  SON,  Bo*  80,  Seneca,  N.  Y. 


Black’s  Peach  Trees-191 


Peach  Trees  are  one  of  our  specialties— we 
grow  for  quality  and  not  quantity  alone.  Our 
trees,  however,  cost  little,  if  any,  more  than  the 
ordinary  sort — we  employ  no  agents,  but  seh 
.3 direct, saving  middleman's  profits.. 


I 


New  booklet.  “Springtime  1 U 3 1} |C 


Joseph  H.  Black,  Son  6c  Co. 
Box  V,  Hightstown,  New  Jersey 


Booklet 
Sent  Free 


Send  Us  Your  Name 


and  address;  if  you  Intend  buying  trees,  vines 
or  shrubs  for  Spring  planting.  >' e  yni 
h  promptly  mail  you  Free  a  copy  of  our  valua¬ 
ble  book  containing  some  great  bargains  In 
high  grade  nursery  stock.  Wc  save  you  the 
agent's  commission. 

IVe  grow  our  own  stock  and  guar  ante  t  it. 

ALLKN  L.  WOOD,  WoodUwn  Hur»er»«  ..  „ 
5JO  Culver  ltoad  Rochester,  N.  i. 


PLANT  HARDY  TREES 

Healthy,  acclimated,  high  grade,  true  to  label  fruit  trees 
and  plants  for  Northern  States  at  wholesale  prices,  direct 
from  nursery  to  planter.  Send  for  catalogue. 

CELERY  CITY  NURSERIES.  Desk  G ,  K«l«m*zoo,  Mich. 


CABBAGE  SEED 

New  Enkhuizen  Glory  (the  world’s  best  cab¬ 
bage):  extra  selected  seed,  my  own  importa¬ 
tion.  direct  from  Introducers  in  Holland,  of 
this  truly  wonderful  Cabbage,  Lb.  $2.50,  Oz., 

35  cts.,  Pkt.,  10  cts.  E.  J.  Wakefield,  All 
Head  Early.  Early  Summer,  Succession, 
Winnigstadt,  Burehead,  Late  Flat  Dutch, 
Drumhead,  Lb.  $1.50,  Oz.  20  cts.,  Pkt.  5  Cts. 
Postpaid.  Write  for  free  Catalog. 

J.  AUG.  DRAKE,  Seedsman,  100  Main  St,  Chester,  N.  J 


1911. 


1ST 


THE  RURAIj  NEW-YORKER 


GOOD  FARMING  AT  THE  SOUTH. 

On  page  1114,  issue  of  December  3, 
1910,  under  the  caption  “Hunting  for 
Cheap  Nitrogen,”  you  say,  in  referring  to 
the  farmers  raising  their  own  nitrogen : 
“The  Southern  agricultural  departments 
and  experiment  stations  have  not  done 
their  duty  in  this  respect.  A  share  of  their 
income  is  obtained  from  the  sale  of  fer¬ 
tilizer  tags  to  manufacturers.  Whether 
this  has  influenced  them  or  not,  they  have 
done  little  to  encourage  the  use  of  green 
manure  crops,  which  are  the  great  need 
of  Southern  -.farming.”  So  far  as  Tennessee 
is  concerned  I  consider  the  above  statement 
false  and  libelous,  nor  can  it  be  sustained 
by  one  single  fact.  I  am  personally  ac¬ 
quainted  with  the  Hon.  John  Thompson, 
Commissioner  of- Agriculture  for  Tennessee, 
and  know  that  he.  is  an  earnest  advocate 
of  legumes  and  green  manurial  crops,  while 
his  live  stock  inspector,  Col.  John  II.  Mc¬ 
Dowell,  is  one  of  the'  most  enthusiastic 
live  stock  men  .  I  ever  met,  and  never 
misses  a  chance  to.  advise  the  feeding  on 
our  farms  of  cattle,  hogs  and  sheep,  with 
especial  emphasis  on  the  latter.  I  am  also 
intimately  acquainted  with  most  of  the 
faculty,  of  our  experiment  station.  When  I 
read  your  presumptuous  insinuation  I  men¬ 
tally  exclaimed,  “You  do  not  know  Mor¬ 
gan  ;  you  are  not  acquainted  with  Prof.  II. 
A.  Morgan,  Dean  of  the  agricultural  de¬ 
partment  of  the  University  of  Tennessee, 
for  if  you  were  . I  am  sure  you  would  not 
talk  that  way.”  For  he  is  continually  in 
school  and  out,  day  and  night,  earnestly 
pleading  and  advocating  cover  crops  for 
Winter,  to  be  turned  under  in  the  Spring, 
and  the  planting  of  Soy  beans  to  be  fed 
on  the  land.  I  have  often  heard  him  say, 
“The  land .  is -humus. hungry  ;  feed  it.”  The 
other  members  of  his  faculty  try  to  go  him 
one  better.  I  make  a  yearly  pilgrimage  to 
the  West  Tennessee  Experimental  Farm  and 
there  I  see  the  exemplification  of  their 
teaching,  rye  and  vetches  in  the  Winter  to 
be  plowed  under,  Soy  beans,  clover  and 
cow  peas  to-be  fed  on  the  farm. 

-W.  ,T.  G.  WEBSTER. 

Pres.  Shelby  Co.  Farmers’  Institute. 

R.  N.-Y. — This  is  somewhat  like  sev¬ 
eral  other  letters.  The  writers  over¬ 
look  the  fact  that  we  stated  distinctly 
that  we  merely  gave  the  opinions  of  a 
number  of  farmers.  We  recently  trav¬ 
eled  nearly  1,500  miles  through  the 
South,  over  three  main  railroads.  There 
was  very  little  of  this  superior  farming 
or  live  stock  growing  to  be  seen  from 
the  cars.  One  rarely  if  ever  saw  land 
covered  with  a  growing  crop,  or  giving 
evidence  of  good  yields.  We  stated  this 
fact  and  said  that  after  talking  with 
Southern  farmers  we  found  that  they 
had  various  reasons  to  offer.  Will  Mr. 
Webster  or  anyone  else  tell  us  where 
superior  farming  can  be  seen  from  the 
train?  That  is  where  it  ought  to  be 
on  view.  Thousands  of  people  travel 
through  the  section  we  have  mentioned 
and  see  little  except  bare  ground  and 
poor  crops.  How  can  they  have  any 
idea  of  the  great  possibilities  of  South¬ 
ern  soil?  The  car  window  ought  to  be 
the  best  medium  for  advertising  the 
evident  advantages  of  the  South.  The 
railroads  might  take  advantage  of  this 
by  cultivating  strips  of  land  along  the 
track.  We  should  think  the  experiment 
stations  or  agricultural  departments 
could  take  a  hand  in  this.  Strips  of 
improved  land,  showing  what  can  be 
done  with  clover,  cow  peas,  vetch  and 
other  legumes  right  alongside  the  rail¬ 
road  would  attract  great  attention  and 
impress  many  a  traveler  who  at  present 
can  see  nothing  but  poor  farming.  If 
the  South  wants  to  attract  new  farmers 
this  is  one  good  way  to  interest  them. 


CHEAP  PLAN  FOR  STARTING  TREES. 

O.  T.,  Congress  Heights ,  D.  C. — I  have 
l  about  50  acres  of  woodland,  and  would  like 
to  have  25  or  30  acres  of  it  planted  to 
apple  trees.  The  cost  of  pulling  the  stumps 
and  getting  this  land  ready  for  planting 
would  be  about  $35  to  $50  an  acre.  I  am 
not  able  to  bear  this  cost  at  this  time. 
My  idea  is  this;  to  sell  all  the  marketable 
timber  off.  The  remainder  of  the  wood  I 
think  I  can  get  cut  and  hauled  off  and 
the  brush  piled  for  nothing.  Then  burn 
the  brush  and  the  land  will  be  clear,  ex¬ 
cepting  the  stumps.  Then  plant  to  apple 
trees  without  attempting  to  plow,  and 
would  “shank”  the  suckers  off  these  stumps 
twice  a  year,  once  in  July  and  again  dur¬ 
ing  the  Winter.  I  think  in  four  or  five 

coma  cthes*eu  stumPs  would  die  out  so  I 
W ti, scratch  through  with  a  plow.  Dur- 
m ii, nii  flrsJ  fow  y°ai's  I  would  follow  the 

ainnnri  ;nf0thod’  keePin£  the  trees  dug 
aiound  if  necessary.  I  think  if  our  New 


England  friends  with  their  rocky  ground 
and  steep  hillsides  can  grow  trees  that 
way,  why  should  not  I  ?  I  understand 
they  have  much  land  they  cannot  plow,  and 
stones  so  thick  one  can  walk  on  them 
without  touching  land  for  rods  at  a  time. 
I  think  it  womd  cost  from  $2  to  $5  an 
acre  each  year  to  keep  the  bushes  cleared 
off.  This  land  is  mostly  level  high  land, 
an  excellent  soil,  mostly  clay  loam,  in¬ 
clined  to  be  sandy  in  some  places.  I  am 
sure  apple  trees  would  grow  fast  and 
should  be  vigorous  and  healthy.  I  would 
like  you  to  put  this  letter  before  the 
readers  of  The  II.  N.-Y.  so  I  can  get  the 
general  opinion  as  to  the  practicability  of 
this  plan. 

Ans. — The  plan  proposed  might  be  a 
very  good  one,  but  I  have  serious  doubts 
of  it.  It  would  seem  to  me  far  better 
first  to  clear  a  part  of  land  well  and 
cultivate  after  planting  the  trees.  A 
small  orchard  well  put  in  on  ground 
that  is  in  such  shape  that  it  could  be 
thoroughly  tilled  would  be  worth  much 
more  than  a  big  one  that  could  not  be 
well  cared  for.  If  the  stumps  are  left  to 
rot  out  they  will  be  a  long  time  about 
it,  especially  the  chestnut  and  oak 
stumps.  They  are  always  in  the  way 
of  using  the  modern  implements,  which 
are  the  cheapest  ones  to  use.  Next  to 
clearing  the  land  perfectly  before  start¬ 
ing  to  plant  a  tree  would  be  to  clear  off 
all  the  tops  and  brush,  plow  the  ground 
among  the  stumps,  plant  the  trees  and 
put  .corn  or  potatoes  in  the  spaces  be¬ 
tween  them  and  cultivate  all  perfectly. 
This  will  give  the  trees  a  good  chance 
to  grow  and  the  crop  will  pay  for  the 
work.  To  keep  down  the  sprouts,  brush, 
weeds,  etc.,  with  the  hoe  and  •  scythe 
would  be  a  lot  of  work,  and  nothing 
could  come  back  from  the  ground  in 
return  for  the  labor,  only  the  growth 
of  the  trees.  They  would  grow  just  as 
well  with  the  tillage,  or  perhaps  better,: 
and  the  ground  would  be  in  far  better 
condition.  The  plan  of  mulching  the 
trees  with  the  weeds  and  other  trash 
might  work  quite  well,  but  in  case  of 
very  dry  spells  they  would  likely  suffer. 
In  moist  soils  of  a  clayey  nature  and 
in  a  cool  climate  this  would  be  far  more 
likely  to  succeed  than  in  sandy  land 
and  in  the  climate  of  the  District  of 
Columbia,  where  the  Summers  are  al¬ 
ways  hot  and  sometimes  very  dry.  A 
small  plot  might  be  tried  as  a  test. 

H.  F..  VAN  DEMAN. 


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168 


THE  RURAL  NEW -YORKER 


February  11, 


THE  FARMERS’  SHARE. 

On  page  72  we  made  some  statements 
regarding  the  sort  of  education  which 
farmers  need.  The  Syracuse,  N.  Y., 
Post-Standard  is  supposed  to  be  high 
authority  on  farm  education,  so  it  printed 
the  following: 


A  “Personal  Opinion.” 

It  is  a  pity  to  see  so  reputable  and  in¬ 
fluential  a  farm  paper  as  The  Rural  New- 
Yobker  lending  its  columns  to  such  clap 
trap  as : 

“Our  ‘personal  opinion’  is  that  the  farm¬ 
ers  of  this  country  do  not  need  that  edu¬ 
cation  which  shows  them  how  to  produce 
more,  half  as  much  as  that  which  will 
show  them  how  to  get  a  larger  share  of 
the  consumer’s  dollar.” 

Certainly,  Mr.  Farmer. 

Never  mind  finding  out  why  your  wheat 
land  which  used  to  produce  20  bushels  to 
the  acre  now  produces  12  bushels. 

Don’t  pay  any  attention  to  the  cranks 
who  would  induce  you  to  spray  your  or¬ 
chards  and  have  something  better  than 
cider  apples  to  sell  in  the  Fall. 

Don’t  inquire  whether  the  old  general 
purpose  cow  is  netting  you  a  loss  or  a 
profit. 

Don’t  bother  with  Alfalfa. 

Don’t  learn  anything  new. 

Don’t  study.  „  ,  ^  ,  , 

Sit  around  the  box  of  sawdust  and  de¬ 
bate  the  best  means  of  getting  the  con¬ 
sumer’s  dollar.  Work  up  a  good  high  tem¬ 
perature  by  saying  all  the  mean  things  you 
can  about  the  middleman  and  the  railroad. 

Don’t  give  anything  to  your  profession. 
Take  all  you  can. 

Write  to  your  Congressman  for  more  free 
seed.  ,  ,  .  . 

That’s  the  way  to  succeed — in  driving 
your  sons  to  the  city. 


The  ink  was  hardly  dry  on  this  bunch 
of  wisdom  before  our  readers  began 
sending  us  copies  of  it  with  barbed  wire 
comments : 


I  enclose  you  a  “personal  opinion”  pub¬ 
lished  in  last  Saturday's  I’ost-Standard.  I 
was  ashamed  of  the  paper  for  publishing 
such  a  silly  article,  but  think  Ella  C. 
(Joodell  has'  made  a  good  answer  to  it. 
That  woman  is  all  right  and  knows  what 
she  is  writing  about.  J.  h.  betts. 

Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y. 

The  article  to  which  Mr.  Betts  refers 
is  as  follows : 


The  Farmer  of  Today. 


The  type  of  farmer  you  mention  in  your 
editorial  criticism,  “A  Personal  Opinion, 
who  is  "sitting  around  the  box  of  saw¬ 
dust  ”  must  be  a  vision  of  the  past,  for  the 
farmer  of  to-day  is  debating  questions  per¬ 
taining  to  his  business  in  the  Orange,  the 
farmers’  institute  or  studying  his  problems 
with  the  aid  of  the  experiment  stations  or 
the  agricultural  schools.  lie  is  finding  out 
also  in  these  latter  days  that  if  he  is  pro¬ 
ducing  a  crop  at  a  loss,  the  more  he  raises 
the  worse  off  he  is.  ,  , 

We  are  learning  to  look  for  the  leak 
between  three-cent  milk  to  us  and  10-cent 
milk  to  the  consumer.  New  York  State  is 
largely  a  dairy  State,  and  especially  the 
counties  in  this  section.  When  the  farm  is 
turned  to  dairying  it  is  not  possible  to 
raise  grain  to  any  extent,  and  this  must 
he  bought.  Not  all  farmers  will  raise  Al¬ 
falfa,  but  many  are  trying  to  secure  it, 
though  with  seed  at  $13  a  bushel  it  must 
be  slow  seeding.  Added  to  all  these  handi¬ 
caps  are  the  up-to-date  barns  required  by 
the  city  boards  of  health,  often  putting  the 
small  farmer  deeply  in  debt.  Most  farm¬ 
ers  are  buying  expensive  stock,  high-grade 
or  registered  herds  headed  by  thorough- 
bred  males  in  their  efforts  to  increase  the 
yield  of  milk.  The  cost  of  all  this  is 
proved  by  records  kept  by  expert  farmers, 
and  the  facts  brought  out  in  some  late  in¬ 
vestigations,  that  such  milk  cannot  be  pro¬ 
duced  for  less  than  3%  cents  per  quart. 
The  highest  price  paid  in  this  section  this 
vear  has  been  just  3%  cents  per  quart  and 
that  for  only  one  month,  when  the  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  New  York  Milk  Exchange  got 
together  and  declared  there  was  a  surplus 
of  milk  and  made  a  “gentleman's  agree¬ 
ment”  to  keep  within  the  law,  and  dropped 
the  price  to  3%  cents,  but  they  forgot  to 
drop  anything  off  from  the  consumer’s 


Shall  we  redouble  our  efforts  to  make 
more  milk  at  a  loss?  It  means  more  ex¬ 
pensive  cows,  more  feed.  Or  shall  we  be¬ 
gin  to  look  after  our  share  of  the  con¬ 
sumer’s  dollar?  The  city  farmer  does  not 
seem  to  realize  that  it  costs  any  more  to 
double  the  crop.  There  must  be  more  work 
in  preparing  the  soil,  more  fertilizer  used, 
more  help  to  do  the  work.  More  help  is 
the  great  problem.  This  is  hard  to  obtain 
and  the  wages  are  prohibitive.  Hand  is 
lying  idle  in  central  New  York  for  lack  of 
help,  and  what  the  farmer  and  his  family 
cannot  do  from  before  dawn  until  after 
dark  must  go  undone.  Immigrant  help,  ex¬ 
cept  in  gangs  under  a  boss,  has  so  far  not 
been  very  satisfactory.  The  average  farmer 
has  no  idea  that  he  can  run  a  department 
store  or  edit  a  paper,  and  he  is  equally 
skeptical  of  advice  from  those  engaged  in 
other  occupations.  ,  ,  _ 

He  is  not  sending  to  his  Congressman 
for  more  free  seed,  but  oftener  returning 
them  and  informing  the  honorable  gentle- 
man  that  it  is  up  to  him  to  legislate  for 
the  interests  of  the  farmer  or  lose  his  30b. 
Too  long  has  the  farmer  worked  to  increase 
th/'  crop  that  others  might  grow  rich 
thereby.  To-dav  he  is  organizing  and 
watching  his  interests  outside  the  farm. 
What  he  needs  is  less  advice  how  to  do  the 
work  and  more  help  that  is  willing  to  get 
right  down  in  the  dirt  and  help  do  it. 
b  ELLA  C.  GOODELL. 


Out  of  a  dozen  other  letters  sent  us 
we  may  take  the  following : 

I  am  enclosing  a  clipping  from  my  daily 
paper  that  I  thought  might  interest  you. 
I  think  you  are  right  in  your  personal 
opinion.  Take  the  dairy  farmer,  for  in¬ 
stance  ;  he  is  producing  too  much  hmk, 
any  more  would  reduce  prices  which  with 
the  average  producer’s  methods  makes  the 
consumer’s  dollar  look  like  less  than  30 
cents.  He  buys  western  grain,  pays  rail¬ 
road  freight,  grain  combine  prices,  retail 
dealers’  percentage  at  one  end,  and  milk 
station  operation,  railroad  freight,  milk 


dealers’  profits,  and  peddlers’  expenses  at 
the  other  end,  and  to  this  add  labor,  in¬ 
terest  and  taxes  that  are  continually  go¬ 
ing  higher.  He  would  be  better  off  to  sell 
half  his  cows,  raise  the  feed  for  the  other 
half  on  his  farm,  get  what  he  wants  to  eat, 
a.  .  let  the  other  fellow  do  the  same. 

FRANK  D.  HAMILTON. 

Madison  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Ground  Bone  Top-dressing. 

E.  J.  (No  Address). — How  would  ground 
bone  do  for  top-dressing  ground  sown  to 
rye  and  grass  last  Fall?  If  not  suitable 
to  use  alone,  what  should  be  added  and  in 
what  proportions,  also  for  a  general  fer¬ 
tilizer?  Can  you  tell  me  anything  of  the 
Peter  Cooper  bone? 

AnS. — Ground  bone  supplies  phosphoric 
acid  and  nitrogen,  but  no  potash.  Use 
three  parts  by  weight  of  bone  to  one  of 
muriate  or  sulphate  of  potash  for  grain. 
On  poor  land  it  would  pay  to  add  one 
part  of  nitrate  of  soda,  which  supplies 
available'  nitrogen  to  quicken  up  the 
grass.  The  “Peter  Cooper  bone”  means 
bone  which  has  been  used  for  glue  mak¬ 
ing.  The  nitrogen  is  taken  out  of  it, 
leaving  a  very  fine  product  containing 
phosphoric  acid  and  lime. 


Reo  Proof 


Absolute  proof  of  the  qualities  you  want  in  a  motor 
car  —  the  io^  day-and-night  record  of  the  Rco  from 
New  York  to  San  Francisco. 

Reliability  —  the  first  and  most  important.  Half  of  the  4000  miles 
between  New  York  and  San  Francisco  is  desert  and  mountain  trails  —  the 
worst  roads  in  the  country  :  deep  wash-outs,  rocks  in  the  road,  often  no  road 
at  all.  A  car  that  can  keep  on  going  at  such  a  rate  over  those  roads  will  do 
anything  you  can  ask  of  it. 


“I  told  dat  feller  I  was  so  flat  broke 
I  had  to  sleep  outdoors,”  said  Plodding 
Pete.  ‘‘Did  it  touch  his  heart?”  asked 
Meandering  Mike.  “No.  He  said  he 
was  doing  the  same  thing,  an’  had  to  pay 
de  doctor  for  tellin’  him  what  a  blessin’ 
it  was.” — Washington  Star. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


f  PHILADELPHIA.  PA. 
Stand  for  Purity  and  Quality.  The  result 
of  38  years’  experience  in  testing,  and 
proving  the  best.  Our  GARDEN  AND  FARM 
MANUAL  for  1911  tells  all  about  them. 
Mailed  tree  to  seed  buyers  who  write  for  it. 

JOHNSON  SEED  COMPANY, 

217  Market  S t,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 


WeOrowandTest 

OurSeedatHome 

Nearly  all  our  seed  is  grown  right  here  on  our  own  farms. 
We  could  buy  seed  a  lot  cheaper,  but  we  can’t  afford  to  do  it 

_ neither  couldyoa  afford  to  plant  such  stuff,  even  though 

you  bought  it  for  a  few  cents  less— because  nobody  can  ever 
tell  how  much  of  it  will  grow. 

Our  method  makes  it  easy  for  yon  to  grow  good  crops. 
We  watch  the  seed  plants  In  the  fields  all  summer,  to 
make  sure  that  they  grow  true  to  ty)>e,  uninixed  with  other 
seed;  then  we  carefully  clean  and  thoroughly  test  it,  so  that 


When  You  Plant  Harris’  Seed  You  Can 
Tell  Just  How  Much  of  It  Will  Grow 

On  every  package  of  our  seed  is  a  label  telling  just  how 
much  of  that  seed  will  germinate.  If  you  aren’t  in  the  habit 
of  buying  seed  that's  as  carefully  grown  as  tliat,  try  our 
seed  this  year ;  it  won’t  cost  you  much,  if  any ,  more,  but  , 
your  crops  will  be  far  better  /  Catalogue  free. 

JOSEPH  HARRIS  COMPANY 
Mortfon  Farm,  Box  31,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 


MAULE  S  SEEDS 


ONCE  GROWN  ALWAYS  GROWN 

Is  the  reason  why  for  many  years  past  I  have 
done  such  an  enormous  seed  business.  79,430 
customers  In  Pennsylvania  alone,  with  almost 
half  a  million  the  world  over.  My  New  Seed  Book 
for  1911  is  a  wonder;  contains  everything  in 
seeds,  bulbs  and  plants  worth  growing.  Weighs  12 
ounces;  600  illustrations,  4  colored  plates,  176 
pages.  Any  gardener  sending  his  name  on  a 
postal  card  can  have  It  for  the  asking.  Address 


WM.  HENRY  MAULE 
1707-09-11  Filbert  St.,  Philadelphia,  P«. 

_  S end  B  cents  ( stamps )  and  mention  this 
paper  and  1  will  enclose  in  the  catalogue 
a  packet  of  seed  of  the  above  choice  pansy. 


Power.  The  Rocky  and  Sierra  Mountains,  and  the  desert  in  between 
gave  the  Reo  lots  of  stiff  and  rough  climbs.  You’ll  never  find 
a  harder  or  stiffer  climb  in  all  your  motoring. 

Speed.  The  car  that  held  the  previous  record  was  a 
$4000  six-cylinder  car;  but  the  Reo  beat  it  by  nearly  five  days. 

We  have  plenty  more  proof  of  the  solid  motoring 
qualities  of  the  Reo,  if  you  want  it ;  but  this  is  absolute. 

Send  for  catalogue  and  “  Reo  and  the  Farmer  ”,  Plain  facts. 

R  M  Owen  &  Co  Lansing  Mich  Reo  Motor  Car  Co 

Licensed  under  Selden  Patent 


You  can 
do  it 
with  a 


Rotten  Potatoes,  Culls &Trash 

make  mighty  poor  stuff  for  planting.  If  through  unfavorable  weather  conditions  or 
adverse  circumstances,  your  potato  crop  was  a  failure  last  year,  do  not  think  of  planting 
the  stuff  you  have  on  hand,  but,  sell  all  that  is  salable  and  convert  the  culls  and  refuse 
into  ten-cent  pork  and  get  a  new  start.  There  is  nothing  truer  under  the  sun  than  the 
old  adage,  “Like  begets  like,”  and  to  grow  a  good  crop  of  potatoes  one  must  plant 
GOOD  SEED. 

Dibble’s  SEED  POTATOES  are  GOOD  SEED  POTATOES,  and  the  best 
possible  proof  that  they  ARE  good  is  found  in  the  fact  that  20  years  ago— the  first  year 
we  started  in  business— our  sales  were  less  than  500  bushels,  and  last  year  over  100,000 
bushels. 

Dibble’s  Seed  Potatoes  especially  adapted  to  each  va- 

riety,  and  from  carefully  se¬ 
lected  seed.  After  harvest  they  are  stored  in  our  own  specially  constructed  warehouses, 
360  feet  in  length,  and  kept,  at  an  even  temperature  of  around  38  degrees,  so  as  to  hold 
the  tubers  firm  and  hard  till  spring.  We  catalog  31  varieties,  all  that  is  newest  and  best, 
as  well  as  the  old  standard  sorts  of  value,  and  we  are  sure  that  some  of  our  varieties, 
both  early  and  late,  MUST  he  adapted  to  the  soil  on  your  farm.  Numbers  of  farmers 
have  written  us  that  Dibble’s  Seed  Potatoes  have  outyielded  their  home  grown  seed  two 
to  one,  others  that  they  have  doubled  their  crops.  Why  not  on  your  farm  ? 

We  Are  Headquarters  for  Seed  Potatoes 

Have  over  60,000  bushels  in  store,  and  our  prices  are  lowest  possible  consistent  with  high¬ 
est  possible  quality,  as  we  ship  direct  from  our  16' 0-acre  seed  farms  to  yours. 

Our  Farm  Seed  Catalog  foi\l!)l  1  contains  more  pages  devoted  to  seed  potatoes  than 
any  other  we  have  seen,  and  Mr.  Dibble  has  written  a  little  book  entitled,  piAPP 
“  Dibble  on  the  Potato,”  giving  20  years’  experience  in  potato  growing.  LULL 
If  you  are  interested  in  Good  Seed  Potatoes  and  want  to  learn  all  rnrr 
about  potato  culture,  send  for  the  Catalog  and  the  book.  They  are  I  1 1  fea 

- address - 

EDWARD  F.  DIBBLE,  Seedgrower,  Box  B,  Honeoye  Falls,  N.  Y. 


Dreers  Garden  Book 


THE  1911  edition  is  larger  and  more  comprehensive  than  any 
x  former  issue  and  the  most  helpful  single  volume  ever  pub¬ 
lished  on  garden  subjects.  288  pages,  nearly  1,000  illust rations, 
8  color  and  duotone  plates.  Describes  over  1,200  varieties  of 
Flower  Seeds,  600  kinds  of  Vegetables,  2,000  varieties  of  plants, 
llundredsof  cultural  articles  by  experts  telling  plainly  just  how 
to  grow  flowers,  vegetables,  plants,  climbers,  shrubs,  aquatics, 
roses,  etc.  These  arranged  conveniently  with  pictures,  prices 
and  descriptions. 

Mailed  free  to  anyone  mentioning  this  publication. 


DRKKK’S  OKCH ID-FLOW KHED  SWEET  PEAS 

These  arc  the  aristocrat*  of  the  Sweet  Pea  family  am!  just  as  easy  to  grow 
as  the  ordinary  sort.  Flowers  of  extraordinary  size,  with  wavy  petals, 
usually  borne  four  to  a  spray.  A  mixture  containing  all  colors,  10c  per 
packet;  15c  per  oz.  "Garden  Book"  free  with  each  order. 


HENRY  A.  DREER  >  PHIL  ADEL  ITHA 


Northrup,  King  &  Co.’s 

LINCOLN  OAT 


THE  LARGEST  AND  HEAVIEST  YIELDING  VARIETY 

75  to  90  bushels  per  acre.  Early,  rust  resistant  ,  strong,  stiff  straw,  thin 
hull,  heavy  meat,  soft  nib,  white  berry.  We  offer  hardy,  Canadian  grown 
seed,  weighing  44  lbs.  to  the  measured  bushel-.  The  finest  variety  and  best 
quality  of  seed  obtainable  anywhere.  Don’t  sow  ordinary  seed  when  our 
Lincoln  Oats  may  tie  obtained  at  the  following  reasonable  prices:  Bu.  of  32  lbs., 
$1.25;  2  bu.  at  $1.10;  10  bu.  at  $1.00.  F.O.B.  Minneapolis,  bags  free.  Special 
prices  on  large  lots.  Story  of  record  yields  and  other  information  on  this 
remarkable  oat  in  our  27TH  ANNUAL  CATALOGUE  FOR  1911 
Beautifully  illustrated  with  photographs  true  to  nature.  It  gives  accurate 
descriptions  of  every  variety  of  seeds  best  adapted  to  northern  culture.  This 
book  contains  144  pages,  each  one  filled  with  information  of  value  to  those  who 
plant  seeds.  It  is  sent  without  charge  to  those  requesting  it.  Write  for  it  now. 

NORTHRUP,  KING  &  CO.,  s.-d.„,en, 

i^aa— BMgw— m.ipi  IMIII  ■!  1 1— wa<i 


1911 


16© 


LEGAL  MATTERS. 

Woman’s  Rights  in  Property. 

A  widow  having  children,  marries  again  ; 
no  children  are  born  to  the  second  mar¬ 
riage  Can  she  by  will  leave  her  property 
to  her  children,  and  not  any  to  her  hus¬ 
band?  If  not,  can  she  deed  it  to  her  chil¬ 
dren?  x.  Y.  z. 

New  York. 

She  may  leave  her  property  to  her 
children  if  she  so  desires. 

Rights  in  Water  Vein. 

I  have  a  valuable  spring,  which  has 
supplied  our  premises  for  GO  years.  The 
railroad  company  last  Spring  drilled  a 
well  on  their  land,  put  in  a  powerful 
pump  and  have  completely  drained  our 
spring.  Is  there  anything  I  can  do? 

New  York.  F.  B. 

It  is  very  doubtful  if  you  have  a 
cause  of  action  against  the  railroad  com¬ 
pany.  While  one  may  not,  to  the  pre¬ 
judice  of  the  rights  of  another,  inter¬ 
fere  with  a  water-course  on  the  surface, 
or  one  which  is  known  to  exist  beneath 
the  surface,  still  since  the  owner  of  the 
surface  has  a  right  to  the  use  and  en¬ 
joyment  of  the  land  below  the  surface, 
if  in  the  exercise  of  his  rights,  and  for 
the  purpose  of  enjoying  his  premises  he 
makes  excavations  and  thus  cuts  off, 
diverts  or  destroys  the  use  of  an  under¬ 
ground  spring  or  unknown  channel  of 
water,  which  has  had  no  known  or 
definite  course,  but  which  in  fact  has 
been  accustomed  to  make  its  way 
through  the  ground  and  into  the  land 
of  another,  he  is  not  liable  for  the  stop¬ 
page  or  diversion  of  such  flow.  Of 
course  if  your  spring  was  fed  by  a 
known  and  well  defined  water  course, 
and  the  railroad  company  had  put  down 
their  well  and  cut  this  supply  of  water 
off  from  your  spring  you  would  have 
had  a  remedy,  but  if  they  have  simply 
chanced  in  putting  down  their  well  to 
intercept  and  collect  water  which  was 
accustomed  to  percolate  through  their 
soil  and  reach  your  ground,  we  fear 
you  have  no  remedy. 

Farm  Tenancy. 

“A”  rents  a  farm  to  “B”  for  money  rent. 
Agreement  specifies  all  hay,  straw,  etc., 
Is  to  be  used  on  premises,  except  “B”  may 
take  three  loads  of  hay  away  on  expiration 
of  tenancy.  What  is  landlord’s  remedy  if 
he  discovers  “B”  attempting  to  remove 
more  than  three  loads,  and  what  is  Ills 
remedy  if  “B”  succeeds  in  removing  more 
than  three  loads  before  landlord  finds  it 
out?  e.  w. 

Ohio. 

A’s  remedy  would  be  the  right  to 
recover  from  B  his  damages  sustained 
by  reason  of  the  fact  that  the  hay  and 
straw  were  not  fed  upon  his  farm.  The 
hay  and  straw  being  B’s  property,  A 
could  not  prevent  him  from  doing  with 
it  what  he  saw  fit ;  but  would  be  en¬ 
titled  to  recover  damages  for  the  breach 
of  contract  in  not  feeding  it  upon  the 
farm  as  agreed. 

Repairs  to  Private  Road. 

A,  B,  C,  D,  R,  F  and  G  all  live  in  a  cei’- 
taln  creek  valley  and  all  use  the  same 
road  to  the  pike  This  road  is  not  a  town¬ 
ship  road,  therefore  all  the  work  that  is 
done  to  keep  this  road  in  repair  lias  to  ho 
done  free  by  the  parties  using  same.  A 
lives  about  200  yards  from  the  pike  and 
has  kept  the  road  in  repair  from  his  house 
to  the  pike  for  the  i>ast  several  years,  as 
the  other  parties  who  use  it  refuse  to  help. 

A  want  a  decent  road  to  his  house,  hut  can¬ 
not  have  it  without  hauling  large  quanti¬ 
ties  of  gravel  on  to  the  road  which  the 
other  parties  ruin  for  him  in  had  weather. 
What  can  A  do  to  make  the  others  do  their 
part?  F.  w. 

Ohio. 

There  is  nothing  that  A  can  do  to 
compel  others  who  use  a  private  road 
to  help  maintain  it.  His  best  remedy 
would  seem  to  be  to  take  steps  to  have 
a  township  road  established. 

Right  of  Way. 

A  owns  a  farm  in  New  York  State.  B 
joins  A  on  the  west.  In  order  for  B  to 
get  to  depot  or  milk  station  he  lias  to  go 
three  miles  around.  In  crossing  A,  B  will 
cut  off  two  miles  distance.  If  A  con¬ 
tinues  to  let  B  cross  his  farm  year  after 
year  can  B  ever  claim  right  of  way?  A 
in  letting  B  cross  charges  nothing  and  re¬ 
ceives  nothing.  Would  it  make  any  dif¬ 
ference  if  A  should  demand  a  small  com¬ 
pensation  for  the  privilege?  m.  t. 

New  York. 

A  right  of  way  cannot  be  acquired 
by  permission.  So  long  as  A  acknowl- 


THE  RURAL  NEW  -YORKER 


edges  B’s  ownership  and  gets  his  right 
from  him  he  cannot  acquire  any  rights 
in  the  land  or  in  the  easement  over  the 
same.  It  makes  no  difference  whether 
the  permission  is  given  with  or  without 
price. 

Buying  Mortgaged  Farm. 

I  am  about  to  buy  a  farm  in  Vermont 
and  the  owner  will  give  me  a  deed  of  the 
property,  but  I  must  give  him  a  bond  for 
the  deed.  Under  those  conditions  what 
rights  would  I  have  in  the  deed  and  could 
I  sell  if  I  wanted  to?  The  farm  has  a  first 
and  second  mortgage  on  it.  g.  m. 

New  York. 

If  we  understand  your  inquiry,  you 
contemplate  buying  a  farm  upon  which 
there  are  two  mortgages;  and  part  of 
the  consideration  are  to  assume,  and 
agree  to  pay  the  obligations  secured  by 
these  mortgages,  at  the  same  time  giv¬ 
ing  a  bond  to  indemnify  your  proposed 
grantor  against  these  obligations.  If 
this  is  all  the  bond  provides  for,  it 
would  not  affect  your  rights  under  the 
deed. 

Business  and  Speculation. 

My  15-yenr-old  boy  takes  your  paper 
and  reads  it,  advertisements  and  all.  I 
particularly  call  Ills  attention  to  articles 
against  speculation,  fraud,  etc.  k.  m.  s. 

That  is  one  of  the  best  things  you  can 
do.  You.  cannot  begin  too  early  to  show 
the  boy  the  difference  between  honest,  con¬ 
servative  business  and  speculation. 


Steel  Wheels 
Steel  Gears 


The  Modern  Wagon 

Why  then  a  wagon  of  wood? 


You  know  the  advant¬ 
ages  steel  construction 
has  over  wooden  con¬ 
struction.  You  wouldn’t 
even  think  of  buying  a 
wooden  frame  cultiva- 
Everyone  realizes  that  the 


Enthusiastic  Over  Alfalfa. 

Being  very  enthusiastic  about  getting  a 
piece  of  Alfalfa  started  on  my  little  farm 
here,  I  had  about  one-half  acre  plowed  last 
Fall,  which  was  in  grass,  the  land  being 
what  you  would  term  creek  bottom  land, 
and  composed  of  a  light,  sandy  loam,  with 
the  water  table  from  four  to  five  feet' be¬ 
low.  It  is  my  intention  to  manure  this 
piece  with  as  much  cow  manure  as  I  can 
spare  in  the  Spring,  plowing  this  under 
deeply;  then  I  shall  apply  about  one  ton 
of  ground  limestone,  harrowing  this  in 
thoroughly.  It  is  also  my  intention  to 
secure  about  100  pounds  of  inoculated  soil 
from  an  old  Alfalfa  field  to  top-dress  on 
this  piece.  Would  you  advise  sowing  the 
Alfalfa  in  Spring,  or  latter  part  of  July? 

Shohola,  Pa.  o.  e. 

R.  N.-Y. — That  is  nearly  an  ideal  prepa¬ 
ration.  We  should  seed  late  in  .Tulv. 


steel  wagon  will  soon  be  the  only  wagon  used 

The  Davenport  Roller. Bearing 
Steel  Farm  Wagon 
Is  Built  Like  a  Bridge 

Constructed  of  I-beams,  chan¬ 
nels  and  angles,  solidly  riveted 
together  with  large  steel  rivets, 
put  in  hot.  The  gear  parts  and 
the  wheels  are  trussed  and 
braced  like  the  modern  steel 
railway  bridge,  built  for  the 
heaviest  lifetime  service.  In 
the  Davenport  you  have  a 
wagon  of  5000  pounds  capac¬ 
ity,  stronger  and  more  durable 
and  of  lighter  draft  than  any 

other  wagon  of  equal  capacity.  The  Modern  Bridge. 

The  WHEELS  of  steel,  with  strong  round  spokes,  forged  solidly  into  the 
hubs  and  hot  riveted  into  the  tires,  do  away  with  the  resetting  of  tires,  loose 
spokes  and  cracked  felloes. 

Roller-Bearings  Reduce  the  Draft  30%  to  50% 


Last  a 
Lifetime 


No  Repair 
Bills  to 
Pay 

The  Roller-Bearing. 

You  know  the  difference  between  dragging  a  thing  and  rolling  it.  Well,  the 
Roller-Bearings  have  this  advantage  on  the  Davenport. 

Write  us  now  for  more  information  and  why  you  should  buy  a  Davenport 
when  you  need  a  wagon  again.  The  Davenport  costs  about  the  same  as  a 
high  grade  wooden  wagon,  and  is  far  better.  Be  sure  and  ask  for  our 
Package  No.36.  for  full  information. 

Davenport  Wagon  Company,  Davenport,  Iowa 


ii 

CHICAGO  ANO  KAfcftA*  ClU  ff/h/ C£ 

CKicato  Avenue  Bnd$e.  Chicago’ 


The  best  engines  for  any  and  every  ki  id  of  farm  work  are 
described  and  illustrated  in  its  page:.  Details  of  construc¬ 
tion  are  explained.  Directions  are  given  for  the  care  of 
engines,  which,  when  followed,  assure  long  life  and  good 
service  from  every  engine  bought  of  us.  All  the  essential 
features  of  good  gas  engines  are  shown  and  their  importance 
explained.  Various  uses  are  suggested  and  attachments 
shown  which  add  greatly  to  the  handiness  and  value  of  a 
gas  engine  to  a  farmer. 

Whether  you  are  ready  now  to  buy  a  gasoline  engine  or  not 
this  catalogue  should  be  in  your  home  for  the  value  of  the 
information  it  contains.  You  will  buy  a  gasoline  engine 
some  time  and  when  you  do,  you  can’t  know  too  much  about 
engines.  We  believe  that  the  more  you  know  when  you  buy 
the  more  likely  you  will  be  to  buy  from  us. 


We  have  always  insisted  upon  the  highest  grade  of  excel¬ 
lence  both  of  material  and  workmanship  in  every  engine 
sold  by  us.  We  have  searched  the  country  over  for  new 
ideas,  demonstrated  improvements,  simpler  constructions, 
and  by  so  doing  have  kept  the  standard  of  our  engines 
right  up  to  the  best  modern  practice.  They  are  made  in 
large  factories  which  have  every  facility  for  doing  the 
finest  work  at  the  lowest  possible  cost.  They  are  made 
in  such  quantities  that  every  unnecessary  item  of  expense 
in  their  building  is  done  away  with. 


We  are  selling  the  best  gas  engine  bargains  in  America  today.  You 
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LET  US  SEND  IT  TO  YOU. 

what  size  engine  you  can  use. 


Mail  us  a  postal  card  asking  for  the  book  and  telling  us 
Address  it  to  the  nearest  house,  Kansas  City  or  Chicago. 


19tb  and  Campbell  Sts. 

KANSAS  CITY 


Montgomery  Ward  &  Co. 


Chicago  Avenue  Bridge 

CHICAGO 


You  Need  Our  Gasoline 
Engine  Catalogue 

You  can  learn  more  about  gas¬ 
oline  engines  from  the  pages  of 
our  Gas  Engine  Catalogue  than 
from  many  of  the  books  pub¬ 
lished  for  the  sole  purpose  of 
giving  such  information. 

Every  Engine  We  Sell  Carries  a 
Five-Year  Guarantee 


160 


February  11, 


MAKING  AND  USING  LIME-SULPHUR. 

TV.  K.,  Zurich,  Fa. — I  note  limc-sul- 
pliur  spray  for  apples  advocated  for  Sum¬ 
mer  work.  1.  Can  you  inform  me  whether 
it  is  settled  that  lime-sulphur  is  a  good 
substitute  for  blue  vitriol?  2.  Is  the  for¬ 
mula  1-30  lime-sulphur  enough  to  kill  San 
Jose  scale?  If  so  is  it  necessary  to  spray  in 
early  Spring  before  the  buds  swell  for  scale? 

I  noted  an  article  on  this  subject  stating 
the  less  boiling  of  the  concentrate  the  less 
burning  of  the  trees?  3.  Just  how  should 
the  concentrate  be  made  and  how  long 
should  it  be  boiled? 

Value  of  Lime-Sulphur. — 1.  First  I 
will  say  it  is  settled  that  lime-sulphur 
is  a  good  substitute  for  Bordeaux  Mix¬ 
ture,  which  1  presume  is  what  the  ques¬ 
tioner  means  by  blue  vitriol.  In  fact 
nearly  all  horticulturists,  entomologists 
and  many  of  the  best  fruit  growers 
throughout  the  East  think  it  much  su¬ 
perior.  Experiments  carried  on  by  many 
stations,  growers,  etc.,  myself  among 
them,  seem  to  indicate  that  lime-sulphur 
is  as  good  a  fungicide  as  the  Bordeaux 
Mixture,  and  this  i.s  the  only  part  of 
the  question  to  take  into  consideration, 
as  it  has  been  proven  beyond  the  shadow 
of  a  doubt  that  when  used  in  connec¬ 
tion  with  arsenate  of  lead  it  is  as  good 
an  insecticide.  This  seems  to  narrow 
the  thing  down  to  which  does  the  most 
injury.  And  surely  there  is  no  question 
about  that;  anyone  who  has  ever  used 
the  Bordeaux  Mixture  regularly  has, 
some  seasons  at  least,  had  very  severe 
injury  from  rusting  of  the  fruit,  the 
amount  depending  largely  upon  the 
weather  immediately  after  the  spraying, 
and  amount  of  mixture  applied.  On 
the  other  hand,  there  are  no  reports  of 
severe  injury  from  use  of  the  lime- 
sulphur  as  a  Summer  spray  when  prop¬ 
erly  made  and  diluted.  In  my  own  ex¬ 
periments,  which  covered  10  varieties, 
while  there  was  some  russeted  fruit,  it 
was  in  no  case  more  than  on  the  check 
trees  that  were  not  sprayed  at  all.  This 
is  practically  the  same  in  all  the  experi¬ 
ments  where  1  have  been  able  to  get 
data;  that  is,  no  injury  except  where 
slight  traces  are  taken  into  considera¬ 
tion.  And  wherever  the  two  mixtures 
have  been  used  side  by  side  for  com¬ 
parison  the  supremacy  of  lime-sulphur 
is  unquestionable.  That  leaves  one  more 
thing  to  be  taken  into  consideration, 
the  proper  dilution  of  the  mixture  and 
its  purity.  With  us,  a  pure  mixture 
diluted  one  to  30  gave  no  burning. 

Use  for  San  Jose  Scale. — 2.  It  has 
been  reported  by  at  least  one  man  that 
lime-sulphur  diluted  one  to  30  would 
eradicate  San  Jose  scale.  This  may  be 
possible  by  making  thorough  applications 
at  short  intervals  during  the  entire  sea¬ 
son  when  scale  are  active.  It  surely 
has  no  effect  at  this  strength  after  the 
covering  has  been  secreted ;  that  means 
those  who  have  advanced  this  far  must 
go  on  and  perform  their  functions  of 
reproduction,  and  you  must  catch  the 
young  as  they  are  produced.  They  are 
produced  every  day  during  the  hatch¬ 
ing  season,  which  extends  into  late  Fall ; 
consequently  you  must  make  frequent 
applications  or  you  are  not  advancing. 
Surely  where  only  one  or  two  applica¬ 
tions  are  made  during  the  season  there 
will  be  no  beneficial  result  noticeable 
in  the  reduction  of  numbers.  Therefore 
it  is  necessary  to  make  the  dormant 
spray  before  buds  open  at  a  strength 
of  one  to  Sl/2  (based  on  a  33°  Beaume 
test  of  the  mixture)  if  you  would  ef¬ 
fectually  control  the  San  Jose  scale. 
This  is  not  only  the  most  practical  way', 
but  the  most  practical  remedy  as  well. 
And  I  must  confess  I  am  always  sur¬ 
prised  when  people  ask  if  this  is  a 
necessary  treatment  for  scale,  for  to  my 
mind  no  man  who  wants  to  take  the  best 
care  of  his  orchard  can  afford  to  neglect 
this  application  even  if  he  has  not  got 
San  Jose  scale,  for  beside  being  the  best 
remedy  for  that,  it  is  also  the  best 
remedy  for  blister  mite,  Oyster-shell 
scale  and  Scurfy  bark-louse.  It  is  also 
beneficial  in  holding  in  check  many 
other  insects  and  fungus  growths  of 
many  kinds.  In  fact  its  benefits  are  so 
many  and  varied  as  a  dormant  spray  or 
wash  that  even  the  most  ardent  admirer 
fails  to  realize  its  scope. 

Making  the  Concentrate. — 3.  As  J. 
M.  K.  says  I  stated  the  less  boiling  of 
the  concentrate  the  less  burning  of  the 
trees,  I  am  sure  he  did  not  read  the 
article  on  page  1115  carefully,  for  when 
I  made  that  statement  it  was  about  the 
self-boiled  mixture,  which  is  quite  a 
different  thing  from  the  concentrated 
mixture.  Up  until  last  Fall,  when  talk¬ 
ing  about  the  concentrated  lime-sulphur 
mixture  the  Cordley  formula  was  gen¬ 
erally  meant.  That  is  the  one  after 
which  all  the  commercial  concentrates 
were  supposed  to  be  made  as  well  as  the 
homemade.  The  ingredients  for  this 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


when  bought  in  comparatively  large 
quantities  were,  labor  included,  $3.05  for 
enough  for  50  gallons  of  mixture  or  an 
average  of  $3.90  for  the  equivalent  of 
50  gallons  of  commercial  mixture  test¬ 
ing  33°  B.  The  past  two  years  Dr. 
Van  Slyke  and  Prof.  Parrott,  both  of 
the  Geneva  Experiment  Station,  have 
been  working  on  a  new  formula.  Last 
year  it  was  found  to  be  a  very  much 
better  one  than  the  old  formula.  It 
gave  higher  testing  mixtures,  less  sedi¬ 
ment,  was  equally  as  effective,  and  re¬ 
duced  the  cost  about  $1  per  barrel  of 
50  gallons.  The  experiments  were  long 
and  many,  yet  all  it  is  necessary  for  us 
to  know  is  that  the  amounts  set  forth 
are  the  greatest  ones  that  will  enter  into 
solution  with  50  gallons  of  water;  con¬ 
sequently  any  greater  amounts  of  lime 
and  sulphur  do  not  add  to  the  strength 
of  the  mixture,  but  do  add  to  the  sedi¬ 
ment.  As  I  consider  these  amounts  the 
most  practical  as  well  as  economical, 
they  are  the  ones  I  am  recommending 
and  are  80  pounds  sulphur,  40  pounds 
stone  lime  and  50  gallons  water,  and 
should  cost  for  the  prepared  solution 
where  50  gallons  can  be  cooked  at  one 
time  about:  80  pounds  sulphur,  $1.50; 
40  pounds  lime,  27  cents;  labor,  fuel, 
etc.,  30  cents;  total  cost,  $2.07.  These 
figures  are  taken  from  a  table  furnished 
by  Prof.  Parrott  and  are  what  it  ac¬ 
tually  cost  on  the  average  to  make  a 
number  of  lots,  and  cost  also  on  the 
average  $2.63  for  the  equivalent  of  50 
gallons  of  commercial  concentrate  test¬ 
ing  33°  B. 

You  see  the  50  gallons  actually  cost 
only  $2.07,  but  this  will  not  test  quite 
as  high,  averaging  a  little  over  28°  B., 
so  will  not  go  as  far  as  the  commercial 
that  tests  33°  B.,  therefore  it  takes  more 
gallons  to  do  the  same  work,  which 
makes  the  equivalent  cost  $2.63.  If  only 
25  gallons  can  be  cooked  at  one  time, 
the  cost  will  be  a  little  greater. 

Making  the  Lime-Sui.piiur  at  Home. 
— It  is  not  practical  to  make  over  25 
gallons  in  a  50-gallon  barrel  where  live 
steam  is  used,  or  in  the  average  potash 
kettle  with  fire,  so  I  will  give  recipe  for 
that  amount,  and  anyone  who  has  the 
facilities  may  double  or  treble  as  the 
case  may  be.  For  steam,  put  five  gal¬ 
lons  of  water  in  barrel  and  40  pounds 
sulphur,  turn  on  steam  and  cook  a  few 
minutes  until  it  is  a  smooth  paste,  keep¬ 
ing  stirred ;  add  10  gallons  of  water  and 
20  pounds  stone  lime,  boil  for  45  min¬ 
utes,  add  water  to  make  25  gallons,  cool 
to  65°  and  test  clear  liquid  with  a  hydro¬ 
meter.  With  potash  kettle,  put  in  five 
gallons  of  water  and  40  pounds  sulphur, 
start  fire  and  boil  and  stir  a  few  min- 


( Continued  on  next  page. ) 


A  Simple 
HAY  LOADER 

BOOKLET  FREE 

Here’s  a  Hay  Loader  without  a  complicated 
or  troublesome  part.  Not  a  gear,  chain, 
sprocket  or  spring.  Nothing  to  break  or  cause 
delays  during  the  busy  haying  season. 

It  is  always  ready  for  a  hard  day’s  work. 

It  delivers  the  hay  on  the  wagon  in  perfect 
condition.  No  “chewing”  or  shattering  of 
clover  and  alfalfa  leaves,  no  threshing  out  of 
the  seed. 

It  adjusts  itself  automatically  at  the  top 
and  bottom  to  light  or  heavy  hay  or  windrows. 

It  has  a  lighter  draft  than  other  Loaders, 
loads  a  higher  load  and  requires  but  one  man. 

Our  Free  Booklet  is  full  of  interesting  facts. 
Write  for  it  today. 

LA  CROSSE  HAY  TOOL  CO. 

THIRTY-FIFTH  STREET,  CHICAGO  HEIGHTS,  ILL. 


HYDRATED  LIME 

in  paper  sacks,  car-lots,  for  $7.50  per  ton.  Lime 
Screenings  in  bulk,  from  best  grade  of  burnt  lime, 
$5.00  per  ton,  f.  o.  1).  cars  any  point  between  Buffalo 
and  New  York  on  the  main  lines  of  the  N.  Y.  Cen¬ 
tral,  Erie,  T>.,  L.  &  W.,  Penna.,  Lehigh,  N.  Y.,  O.  & 
W.  and  C.  R.  R.  of  N.  J.  Order  early  before  the 
great  demand  sets  in  and  delays  shipments. 
Address  J.  W.  BALLARD  CO..  :  :  BINGHAMTON.  N.  Y. 


This  $1500  Farmers  Motor  Car 

In  Many  Respects  Equals  $4000  Cars 


FARMERS  are  delighted  to  find  in  this  great  motor  car  many  of  the  feat¬ 
ures  of  motor  cars  that  cost  up  to  $4000.  We  have  spent  years  in  de¬ 
veloping  the  Abbott-Detroit  until  now  it  is  the  one  perfectly  standardized 
motor  car  in  the  world  selling  at  $1500.  By  this  we  mean  to  emphasize  that 
every  part,  every  detail  has  been  scrutinized  and  brought  to  a  stage  of  perfec¬ 
tion  where  we  find  it  impossible  to  improve.  For  these  reasons  you  get  in  the 
Abbott-Detroit  a  country  service  automobile  far  exceeding  your  expectations. 


“The  Car  With  A  Pedigree” 

flbbolblVfroit 

Looks  Just  Like  Highest  Priced  Cars 


The  painting  and  trimming  specifications  of 
the  Abbott-Detroit  parallel  those  of  $4000  cars. 
The  lines,  the  convenience,  the  luxury  of  the 
Abbott-Detroit  make  a  great  many  people  think 
it  costs  three  times  as  much  as  it  does. 

Over  the  roughest  country  roads  the  Abbott- 
Detroit  clearly  demonstrates  its  free  easy  riding, 
its  power,  its  noiselessness,  its  ability  to  assim¬ 
ilate  ruts,  crossings,  hard  grades  and  deep  mud. 
You  are  as  comfortable  as  you  can  be  because  of 
the  big,  strong,  perfectly  built  spriugs  which 
level  bumps  and  make  all  roads  seem  like 
boulevards. 

There  are  many  cars  listed  at  $1500  but  by 
the  time  you  have  paid  for  all  the  extras  you 
have  expended  up  to  $2000.  The  Abbott-Detroit 
at  $1500  includes  everything  but  top  and  wind¬ 


shield.  It  includes  a  complete  electric  light 
equipment  of  two  electric  headlights  and  combi¬ 
nation  electric  and  oil  side  and  rear  lamps  and 
Bosch  High  Tension  or  Splitdorf  dual  ignition 
system. 

Write  to-day  for  the  Book  of  the  Abbott-De¬ 
troit  which  gives  all  the  vital  information  about 
this  wonderful  car  and  when  we  send  it  to  you 
we  will  include  a  letter  of  introduction  to  our 
local  dealer  who  can  show  you  the  car  itself. 

Our  guarantee  is  more  than  the  ordinary 
guarantee.  When  you  become  an  Abbott-Detroit 
owner  you  make  a  permanent  connection  with 
our  organization.  We  keep  in  touch  with  you 
and  protect  you  continually.  Just  drop  us  a 
postal  right  now  and  let  us  tell  you  all  about  it. 


Abbott  Motor  Co., 

126  Waterloo  St.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

IHSTHlIU'TOJtS!  George  L.  Reiss.  1 776  Broadway,  N.  Y.  City;  J.  H. Wright,  28  Market 
"  Y.;  Burdick  <V  Hartwell,  Troy.  N.  Y.;  Bison  Motor  Co.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.; 
2  Exchange  St.,  Rochester,  N.Y. ;  E.  .1.  Montiguy,  Xi  Grant  So.,  Brooklyn, 
ts  &  Son,  Elmira,  N.Y. ;  W.  E.  Piquette,  40B  S.  Augusta  At.,  Baltimore,  Md. 


St..  Auburn.  N.  Y.;  Burd 
T.  J.  Northwny,  92  Exehai 
N.Y. ;  H.  11.  Roberts  &  Sou 


Planet  Jr 


.^Guaranteed  Implements 

Backed  by  over  35  years’  experi¬ 
ence  of  a  practical  farmer  and  manu¬ 
facturer.  You  run  no  risk  when  you  get 
a  Planet  Jr,  and  you  will  be  surprised 
at  how  much  more  and  better  work 
70u  can  do  with  less  labor.  Planet  Jrs 
kare  light  and  strong,  and  last  a  life-time' 

I  No.  25  j  Planet  Jr  Combined  Hill  and  Drill  V  " 
Seeder,  Double- Wheel  Hoe,  Cultivator  and  Plow’ 

opens  the  furrow,  sows  seed  in  drills  or  hills,  covers, 
rolls,  marks  out  next  row  in  one  operation.  Also 
perfect  cultivating  attachments. 

.  16 1  Planet  Jr  Single  Wheel-Hoe,  Cultiva 
r.  Rake  and  Plow  is  a  most  useful  adjustable  gar¬ 
den  tool.  Keeps  ground  in  thorough  condition  all 
through  season.  The  new  pressed  steel  frame  makes 


the  tool  practically  indestructible. 

Write  today  for  19 11  illustrated 
catalogue  of  all  Planet  Jr  imple¬ 
ments.  Free  and  postpaid. 

S  L  Allen  &  Co 

Box  H07V  Philadelphia  Pa 


Treat  your 
plants  right 


Try  it  for 
tomatoes 


Use  Sunlight  Sash  and  be  first  on  the  market 

Get  the  benefit  of  the  big  prices.  Use  Sunlight  Double  Glass  Sash — 
see  how  much  faster  your  plants  grow — how  much  larger  the  crops! 


The  double  layer  of  glass  does  it. 

Between  the  two  layers  of  glass  is  a-% 
inch  layer  of  dry,  still  air.  This  forms  a 
transparent  blanket  that  lets  in  all  the 
light  from  sun-up  to  sun-down. 

You  never  cover  Sunlight  Sash 

You  can  throwaway  all  mats  and  boards.  The 
air  cushion  between  the  two  layers  of  glass  af¬ 
fords  ample  protection  In  all  kinds  of  weather. 

Glass  Is  held  In  place  without  putty.  Can’t 
work  loose,  easily  replaced. 

SUNLIGHT  DOUBLE  GLASS  SASH  CO. 


Agents  wanted.  Write  for  propositions. 

Send  for  these  two  books 

1.  Our  Freo  Catalog,  containing  frolght  pre¬ 
paid  and  guaranteed  de¬ 
livery  proposition. 

2.  Send  4c  In  stamps  for 
a  valuu  tile  booklet  on  hot¬ 
bed  and  cold  frame  gar¬ 
dening  by  Prof.  W.  F.  Mas¬ 
sey.  There  Is  no  higher 
authority  In  the  country. 


924  E.  Broadway, 

Louisville.  Ky. 


1911. 


iei 


THE  RUKAb  NEW-YORKER 


utes  until  a  smooth  paste  is  formed; 
add  10  gallons  water  and  20  pounds 
stone  lime,  boil  45  minutes,  add  water 
to  make  25  gallons,  cool  to  65°  and  test 
clear  liquid  with  a  hydrometer.  Hydro¬ 
meters  and  tubes  may  be  obtained  for 
$1,  probably  through  your  wholesale 
druggist.  Everyone  who  is  going  to 
make  or  use  lime-sulphur  spray  should 
have  one,  as  they  are  the  only  safe 
guides.  Reduce  all  concentrated  lime- 
sulphur  solutions  at  the  rate  of  one  to 
seven  if  mixture  tests  30°  B.,  one-half 
gallon  less  dilution  for  every  degree 
less  the  mixture  tests,  and  one-half  gal¬ 
lon  more  water  to  one  gallon  of  mixture 
for  every  degree  over  30°  B.  the  mix¬ 
ture  tests,  or  when  hydrometer  is  at 
hand,  dilute  until  mixture  tests  45°  B. 

Sediment  is  not  of  necessity  detri¬ 
mental  to  the  mixture  as  far  as  efficacy 
is  concerned,  yet  as  all  tests  are  specific 
gravity  tests,  nothing  but  clear  solution, 
either  concentrated  or  diluted,  should  be 
used  for  making  the  tests  or  you  get  a 
false  reading.  By  careful  tests  it  has 
been  found  that  45  minutes  was  about 
the  best  length  of  time  of  boiling.  After 
all  ingredients  have  gone  into  solution, 
longer  boiling  is  detrimental,  as  lime 
and  sulphur  again  revert  to  solids, 
thereby  increasing  the  sediment  and  re¬ 
ducing  the  amount  of  lime  and  sulphur 
in  solution.  Keep  mixture  well  stirred 
at  all  times  when  making.  Have  some 
cold  water  always  on  hand  in  case  mix¬ 
ture  seems  about  to  boil  over.  A  close 
cover  is  beneficial  in  conserving  heat. 
The  sulphur  enters  more  readily  into  so¬ 
lution  if  reduced  to  a  smooth  paste  be¬ 
fore  adding  the  lime  or  too  great  a 
quantity  of  water.  Apparently  as  good 
results  are  had  with  the  cheapest  grades 
of  sulphur  as  with  the  more  costly 
brands.  The  cheapest  is  the  ordinary 
sulphur  flour  or  ground  brimstone. 
Since  January  1  all  lime  in  New  York 
State  must  be  sold  under  a  guarantee. 
Avoid  lime  that  does  not  test  high  in 
calcium  oxide;  that  which  tests  95  per 
cent  calcium  oxide  is  practically  pure. 
The  mixture  may  be  kept  a  year  without 
much  deterioration  if  airtight  barrels  are 
used.  Jt  may  also  be  kept  a  compara¬ 
tively  long  time  in  a  open  head  barrel 
by  running  a  little  paraffin  on  the  sur¬ 
face.  If  exposed  to  the  air  for  a  long 
time  crystals  will  form,  also  scales  of 
sulphur  on  the  surface.  This  is  due  to 
some  extent  to  evaporation  and  the  mix¬ 
ture  is  improved  by  adding  some  water 
and  heating  to  the  boiling  point  before 
using,  and  don’t  forget  to  retest! 

When  used  as  a  Summer  spray  reduce 
not  less  than  30  gallons  of  water  to 
one  gallon  of  commercial  lime-sulphur. 
(Some  reports  are  to  the  effect  that  as 
good  results  were  had  at  one  to  40.) 
Add  three  pounds  arsenate  of  lead  to 
each  50  gallons  of  dilute  mixture  where 
only  one  application  is  made ;  reduce 
amount  of  arsenate  of  lead  if  more  than 
one  spraying  is  made.  This  will  apply 
to  apples  and  pears  both.  For  peaches 
and  other  stone  fruits,  one  to  100  is 
nearer  right,  and  for  late  applications 
for  rot  one  to  150  was  used  by  the 
writer  with  great  satisfaction.  It  was 
also  used  one  to  25  on  potatoes  with 
good  results.  In  early  applications  on 
potatoes  lime  should  be  added,  as  it  is 
more  effectual  against  flea-beetle  be¬ 
cause  more  distasteful.  About  six 
pounds  slaked  and  strained  to  50  gallons 
is'  all  that  will  pass  readily  through  fine 
nozzles.  w.  h. 


should  think  by  February  sure ;  that  is 
if  they  have  grown  thrifty.  As  a  rule 
late-hatched  chicks  do  not  grow  and 
develop  as  fast  as  early-hatched  ones, 
probably  because  the  grasshoppers,  etc., 
are  gone  when  the  late  chicks  are  at 
the  age  when  they  should  be  bug-hunt¬ 
ing  all  day.  Of  course  beef  scraps  takes 
the  place  to  some  extent,  but  nothing 
quite  equals  food  that  is  alive. 

In  regard  to  crossing  the  breeds— 
Rocks  and  Minorcas — the  result  would 
be  a  lot  of  mongrels  that  in  all  prob¬ 
ability  would  not  lay  as  well  as  the 
Minorcas,  and  the  eggs  could  never  be 
sold  for  more  than  market  price.  On 
the  contrary,  if  he  breeds  up  the  laying 
qualities  of  the  Minorcas,  and  his 
neighbors  find  that  he  has  some  pure¬ 
bred  fowls  of  extra  good  laying  quali¬ 
ties,  he  can  sell  a  good  many  eggs  for 
a  dollar  a  dozen  instead  of  30  cents, 
and  that  at  a  time  of  year  when  eggs 
are  being  produced  most  abundantly. 
There  is  everything  to  lose  and  nothing 
to  be  gained  by  crossing  the  breeds.  I 
must  admit  there  is  a  great  fascination 
about  it,  and  I  don’t  blame  the  amateur 
hen  man  for  yielding  to  it.  If  I  were 
worth  a  million  dollars  I  would  cross  all 
the  breeds  in  every  conceivable  way,  just 
for  the  fun  of  seeing  what  the  result 
would  be.  geo.  a.  cosgrove. 


Duration  of  Strawberries. 

Last  Spring  I  set  out  one-half  acre  of 
strawberry  plants,  composed  of  the  follow 
ing  varieties  :  Bubaeh,  Haverland  and  Ten¬ 
nessee  Prolific.  They  were  set  two  feet 
apart  in  rows  that  were  four  feet  apart. 
About  four  hundred  of  them  were  killed 
by  cutworms.  I  reset  these  by  letting 
some  of  the  runners  form  crowns,  and  then 
digging  them  up  and  transplanting  them 
where  needed.  As  it  was  a  wet  season  all 
of  them  lived,  and  make  a  good  growth. 
They  were  plowed  and  hoed  after  every 
rain,  and  worked  on  the  hill  Bystem., 
Mulched  the  last  of  November,  with  old 
clover  hay.  The  ground  that  they  are  on 
is  limestone  and  naturally  drained.  It 
was  in  corn  last  year,  and  200  pounds  of 
corn  fertilizer  applied.  Can  I  cultivate 
and  run  this  patch  on  four  or  five  years  or 
shall  I  have  to  renew  it  every  year? 

Midway,  Ky.  '  ‘  j.  h.  d. 

Our  own  fields,  handled  somewhat  in  this 
way,  but  with  the  plants  closer,  are  fruited 
three  to  five  years  and  give  good  yields. 
We  doubt  if  a  farmer  can  afford  to'  plant 
strawberries  iu  hills,  give  them  thorough 
care  and  fruit  them  less  than  three  years. 


HENS  THAT  LAY. 

Last  April  I  had  seven  Black  Minorca 
hens  and  a  rooster,  and  up  to  this  date 
there  have  not  been  more  than  live  days 
that  the  hens  have  not  laid.  I  have  six 
Minorca  pullets  and  three  Barred  Plymouth 
Itocks  hatched  last  dune.  How  long  should 
it  be  before  we  should  be  getting  some  re¬ 
turn  from  them?  Would  you  advise  the 
crossing  of  these  two  breeds  when  iti 
comes  to  the  production  of  eggs?  The 
general  feed  for  them  all  for  the  last  three 
months  or  over  has  been  cracked  corn  and 
oats  or  oats  scalded  and  then  fried  in  fat 
with  a  dish  of  scratch  feed  before  them  all 
the  time;  oyster,  shells  (ground),  besides 
the  waste  from  the  table.  We  are  at  pres¬ 
ent  getting  three  eggs  every  day  and  quite 
often  four.  g.  w.  m. 

Kingston,  Mass. 

This  man  has  no  reason  to  find  fault 
with  those  seven  Black  Minorcas.  If 
they  have  laid  without  missing  more 
than  five  days  from  April  up  to  Janu¬ 
ary  6  they  have  done  remarkably  well. 
Didn’t  they  molt  in  the  Fall  and  did 
they  lay  right  through  the  molting,  if 
they  did  molt?  I  have  known  some  of 
my  VVyandottes  to  lay  until  they  were 
nearly  naked  at  molting  time,  but  when 
the  new  feathers  are  growing  it  is  about 
all  a  hen  can  do  to  furnish  material 
for  feathers,  without  manufacturing  eggs 
at.  the.  same  time.  But  “soaked  oats 
fried  in  fat”  is  a  “red-hot”  diet  when 
combined  with  table  scraps  and  scratch 
feed.  The  hens  ought  to  lay.  As  to 
when  Minorca  and  Rock  pullets  hatched 
in  June  should  be  expected  to  lay,  I 


A  Word  for  THE  R.  N.  -  Y. 

Latter  part  of  July,  I  was  on  my  way 
home  from  town  one  day,  when  a  farmer 
near  Princeton  drove  up  behind  and  we 
got  in  conversation  with  each  other,  speak¬ 
ing  on  different  farm  topics,  and  finally 
ended  on  Alfalfa,  and  that  reminded  me  of 
an  article  which  I  had  just  read  in  The 
K.  N.-Y.  1  asked  him  if  he  read  The 
It.  N.-Y.,  and  he  said  “No.”  I  told  him 
he  made  a  great  mistake  in  not  doing  so. 
I  told  him  what  a  benefit  and  friend  it 
was  to  the  farmers,  and  once  taken  it 
would  be  hard  to  give  it  up ;  as  it  was  a 
good  medicine  to  take,  both  seasons  of 
the  year  for  both  physical  and  mental 
ailments.  H>  3 

That  is  the  sort  of  friends  we  have. 
Wherever  they  go  they  speak  a  word  for 
I  he  It.  N.-Y.  and  in  the  majority  of  cases 
they  start  a  short  term  subscription  right 
there. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


RESULTS  OF  FOOD 

Health  and  Natural  Conditions  Come  from 
Right  Feeding 

Man,  physically,  should  be  like  a  per¬ 
fectly  regulated  machine,  each  part  work¬ 
ing  easily  in  its  appropriate  place.  A 
slight  derangement  causes  undue  friction 
and  wear,  and  frequently  ruins  the  en¬ 
tire  system. 

A  well-known  educator  of  Boston 
found  a  way  to  keep  the  brain  and  the 
body  in  that  harmonious  co-operation 
which  makes  a  joy  of  living. 

“Two.  years  ago,”  she  writes,  “being  in 
a  condition  of  nervous  exhaustion,  I  re¬ 
signed  my  position  as  teacher,  which  I 
had  held  for  over  40  years.  Since  then 
the  entire  rest  has,  of  course,  been  a 
benefit,  but  the  use  of-  Grape-Nuts  has 
removed  one  great  cause  of  illness  in 
the  past,  namely,  constipation,  and  its 
attendant  evils. 

“I  generally  make  my  entire  break¬ 
fast  on  a  raw  egg  beaten  into  four  spoon¬ 
fuls  of  Grape-Nuts,  with  a  little  hot 
milk  or  hot  water  added.  I  like  it  ex¬ 
tremely,  my  food  assimilates,  and  my 
bowels  take  care  of  themselves.  I  find 
my  brain  power  and  physical  endurance 
much  greater  and  I  know  that  the  use 
of  the  Grape-Nuts  lias  contributed 
largely  to  this  result. 

“It  is  with  feelings  of  gratitude  that  I 
write  this  testimonial,  and  trust  it  may 
be  the  means  of  aiding  others  in  their 
search  for  health.”  Name  given  by 
Postum  Co!,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

Read  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs.  “There’s  a  Reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter?  A  new 
one  appears  from  time  to  time.  They 
are  genuine,  true,  and  full  of  human 
interest. 


Plant  of  Robinson  Clay  Products  Co. 
Akron,  O.,  covered  with  J-M  Asbestos 
Roofing  for  over  twenty  years. 


Think  how  long  it  will  last  I 


J-M  Asbestos  Ready  Roofing-  is  literally  a  sheet  of  pliable 
stone  with  the  lasting-  qualities  of  stone. 

Also  with  the  fire-proof,  rust-proof,  rot-proof  and  acid- 
proof  qualities  of  Asbestos.  And — like  all  stone — it  never 
needs  painting. 

It  consists  of  several  layers  of  Asbestos  Felt  securely 
cemented  together  with  alternate  layers  of  pure  Trinidad 
Lake  Asphalt  both  practically  indestructible  minerals.  No 
stronger  combination  of  element-resisting  materials  is  pos¬ 
sible.  There  is  not  a  particle  of  perishable  material  in 


cJ-M  ASBESTOS 
ROOFING 


We  can  tell  you  Of  many  buildings — give  you  the 
names  of  the  owners — on  which  this-  roofing,  without  any 
painting  or  other  protection,  has  withstood  the  wear  and 
tear  of  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  and  is  in  good  con¬ 
dition  today. 

If  you  wish  to  protect  your  buildings,  at  the  lowest  cost  per 
year,  from  fire  and  all  weathers  ;  from  heat  in  summer  and  cold 
in  winter,  get  J-M  Asbestos  Roofing  from  your  dealer.  Sold 
direct  (and  applied,  if  desired)  where  we  have  no  dealer.  It  is 
adapted  for  any  building,  anywhere. 

This  Curiosity  Sent  Free 

So  that  you  can  see  the  curious  rock  which  yields  the  loni?,  soft,  pliable 
yet  practically  indestructible  fibres  from  which  we  make  J-M  Asbestos  Roofing! 
Theatre  Curtains,  Stove  Mats,  Fire-Brick  Cement,  and  hundreds  of  other 
Asbestos  Products,  we’ll  send  you  a  sample  of  the  Asbestos  Rock  just  as  it 
comes  from  our  mines— the  largest  in  the  world.  Write  our  nearest 
Branch  today  for  sample,  and  we’ll  also  send  you  a  sample  of  J-M 
Roofing  and  our  handsomely  illustrated  Book  No.  G.  48 

H.  W.  JOHNS-MANVILLE  CO. 


BALTIMORE 

BOSTON 

BUFFALO 

CHICAGO 

CLEVELAND 

DAI. r. AS 

DETROIT 


KANSAS  CITY 
LONDON 
I.OS  ANGELES 
MILWAUKEE 
MINNEAPOLIS 
For  Canada:— 

THE  CANADIAN  H.  W.  JOHNS-MANVILLE  CO.,  LTD. 
Toronto,  Out.  Montreal,  Que.  Winnipeg,  Man.  Vancouver,  B.  C. 


NEW  ORLEANS 

NEW  YORK 

PHILADELPHIA 

PITTSBURG 

SAN  FRANC  ISC  O 

SEATTLE 

ST.  LOUIS 

1342 


olcite^olltir$ 


A  HARNESS 

'34-X  THAT  OUTLIVES  THE 


HORSE 


Mr 


Put  alato  on  your  roof  and  you’ll  keep  dollara  in  your 
pocket.  No  more  leaks  or  expensive  Tepniro.  Nothing 
equals  Oil  Cl  nnu’P  SEA  GREEN  AND  PURPLE 

oncLuun  o  roofing  slate 

for  durability,  strength  and  economy. 

I  he  first  cost  no  greater  than  high-priced  prepared 
roofing  or  shingles.  Slate  does  not  rust  or  water  Bonk 
i'X'i  rl,  51?  ^ — ,lof  kU'^tcd  by  climate.  Our  free  book 
I  he  Roof  Question”  tells  why.  Write  ua  today  about 
your  wants.  Special  prices  on  car  lots. 

F.  C.  Sheldon  Slate  Co.  Cra  ”jjfAY. 


Low-Down  Steel  Wheel  Wagons 

Are  fiiHt  replacing  the  high  farm  wagons  for 
general  farm  work.  The  reason  is  plain.  The 
Low-Down  wagon  makes  easier  work  for  the 
man  and  no  harder  for  the  team.  One  man 
can  do  most  of  his  farm  work  alone  with  the 
Low-Down  wagon.  Get  our  free  catalogue. 
HAVANA  METAL  WHEEL  CO.,  BOX  17  HAVANA,  ILL. 


Our  catalogue  accurately  Ulustratcs  over 
75  Styles  of  harness  for  all  purposes.  Prices 
are  wholesale — saves  *10  to  *15  on  every  harness. 
Only  best  oak-tanned  leather  is  used.  Kvery  harness 
guaranteed  for  five  years  Catalogue  f  free. 

King  Harness  Co.,  6  Lake  SL,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.,  N.  V 


WE  SHIP°”APPROVAL 

wit  /tout  a  cent  deposit,  prepay  the  freight 
.  10  DAYS  TREE  TRIAL. 
OHLY  COSTS  one  cent  to  learn  our 
unheard  of  prices  and  marvelous  offers 
on  highest  grade  1911  model  bicycles. 

FACTORY  PRICES  i&Z 

a  pair  of  tires  from  anyone  at  any  price 
j  until  you  write  for  our  large  Art  Catalog 
j  and  learn  our  wonderful  proposition  on  tint 
sample  bicycle  going  to  your  town. 

RIDER  AGENTS  Z727S7ST 

money  exhibiting  and  selling  our  bicycle*. 
Wo  Soli  cheaper  than  any  other  factory. 

»  , T 1 R  ?8»  Coaator-Brako  raa  r  whoola. 

- repairs  and  all  sundries  at  half  usual  prices. 

Do  Not  Walt;  write  today  for  our  special  offer . 

MEAD  CYCLE  CO.,  Dept.  W80,  CHICAGO 


Make  Most  Money  For  Farmers  that  experienced  operators 

are  not  necesssary.  Any  one  can  set  up  and  run  an  American  mill  with  the  drawings 
and  instructions  we  furnish.  And  they  make  more  lumber  with  less  power  and  less 
help  than  any  other  owing  to  their  Special  Time  and  Labor  Saving  Devices. 
j1??  •  e,  *ncuon  heed.  Improved  Giant  Duplex  Steel  Dogs.  Combined  Ratchet  Setworks 
and  Quick  Receder.  Rolled  Steel  Track.  Self-Oiling  Bearings  throughout.  Made  iu  all 
Sizes— For  all  Powers.  * 

Lumhpr  i<S  M  Altai#  You  can  make  both  with  one  of  these  mills.  The  outfit 

bors  have,  just  haul  the  thelogs,'  ‘cuf  them  Tp.  hmov  “o^o^the^ne'xtlobi 

Our  Mill  Book  Free 

structi/e  catalogue.  .  It  illustrates,  describes  and 
prices  our  complete  line  of  wood  working  machinery. 

Lath  Machines  Shingle  Machines 
Wood  Saws  Wood  Splatters 

Planers  Edgers  Trimmers,  Etc. 

Write  for  book  today 

0  American  Saw  Mill  Machinery  Company 

1  29  r”OPE  ST-I  hackettstown,  n.  j. 

1682  Terminal  Buildings,  New  YoriC 


102 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


FRUITS  AND 
FIELD  CROPS 

iftd  do  whitewashing  In  moat  effectual,  economical, 
rapid  way.  8a  tit  faction  guaranteed.  BROWN’S 


SPRAY 

I  aad  do  whitewashini 
f  rapid  wa y.  Batitfa 

power  R  Auto-Sprays 

Ho.  1,  shown  here,  Is  fitted  with  Anto-Pop  Nozzle— 

'  does  work  of  3  ordinary  sprayers.  Endorsed  by  Ex- 
'  pertinent  8tetlons  and  300,000  others.  40  styles  and 
i  sixes  of  hand  and  power  sprayers— also  prices 
i  and  rateable  spraying  guide  in  our  Free  Book. 

Wilts  postal  now. 

THE  C.  C.  BROWN  COMPANY 

28iaj  St. ,  Rochester,  N.  X. 

TRIM  YOUR  TREES  FROM  THE  GROUND 

•HL 


By  using  tbs  New  Ideal  (draw  cut)  Pruning;  Saw.  NO  CLIMB¬ 
ING.  Great  Labor  Saver.  Leading  orchaidists  use  them,  as 
double  the  work  can  be  done  and  produce  better  shaped  trees. 
Mads  of  tbs  best  saw  steel — cuts  like  a  razor  ;  weighs  only  two 
pounds.  Price,  -with  8  ft.  handle,  $1.60  :  with  12  ft.  handle,  $1.85. 
Without  handle  prepaid,  $1.35.  Ol  der  to-day.  Circulars  free.  Ad¬ 
dress,  The  IDEAL  PRUNINGS A W  CO.  Dept.  G..  Webster,  N.  Y. 


APPLES  SCIONS 

$3  per  M  for  ROME  BEAUTY, 
JONATHAN  and  some  others. 

ENSEE,  the  most  promising  new  winter 
apple  of  high  quality,  $10. 

Agents  for  Spraying  Material. 

•  Apples — $5.00  per  barrel  by  carload. 

U.  T.  COX,  PROCTORVILLE,  OHIO 

Bec’y  Rome  Beauty  Growers’  Association 


ONION  SEED 


We  are  headquarters  for  a  full  line  of  Stras- 
burg,  Flat  Danvers  and  Yellow  Globe  Onion 
Seed.  Try  them  for  No'.  1  stock.  Get  prices. 
- THEILMANN  SEED  CO.,  ERIE,  PA. - 


SCARFF’S 

COOD  SEED  CORN 

We  sold  over  11,000  bushels  of  It  last  year,  and  we  ex¬ 
pect  to  double  it  this  year.  Your  money  back  if  com  is 
not  satisfactory.  10  days  to  test  It-  Can  send  either 
shelled  or  in  the  ear.  Also  choice  lot  of  seed  oats,  barley, 
speltz,  timothy  and  potatoes.  We  cannot  tell  you  more 
about  it  here,  but  our  catalog  is  free.  Send  for  it  to-day. 

W.  N.  SCARFF,  New  Carlisle,  Ohio 


of  unusual  quality  our 
i  specialty.  We  supply 
the  finest  types  of  all 
the  leading  sorts  at  rea- 
sonable  prices.  Our  two 
great  specialties  are 

IGolden  Surprise 

[and  Kilbury’t  Yellow  Hybrid 

Sure  cropper,,  profitable  sorts. 
None*be tier. Send  for  free  samples  , 

Catalog  Free!  130  pages  of  { 

truthful  information  about  “  true  1 
blue"  seeds.  Contains  many  mon-  | 
•y- making  hints  for  farmers.: 
Write  for  your  free  copy  today.  | 

Livingston  Seed  Co. 

257  High  St.  Columbus,  0. 


ALFALFA 

All  Northern  grown,  guaranteed  to  be  99  percent 
pure  and  free  from  dodder.  Write  for  free  Bample 
on  which  we  invite  you  to  get  Government  testa. 
This  seed  should  produce  hay  at  $60  per  acre]  an¬ 
nually.  Free  Instructions  on  growing. 

GRAIN  AND  GRASS  SEED 


Northern  grown  and  of  .strongest  vitality.  W« 
handle  export  grade  only  and  can  furnish  grass 
mixture  suitable  for  any  soils. 

Wine’s  Mikado, Sable 
and  Mongol  are  the 
heaviest  known  yield- 
ers.  Are  all  our  own 
new  varieties  obtainable  from  us  only.  Mikado 
has  record  of  37  bu.  per  acre.  Will  grow  on  poor 
soil  and  greatly  Improve  it.  Write  today  for  catalog. 

WING  SEES  CO.,  Box  333  Mechanicsburg,  O. 


SOY  BEANS 


Three  rousing  big  crops  of 

SALZER’S 

Alfalia 


We  have  sold  enough  of 
this  seed  to  sow  half-a- 
million  acres  and 
every  purchaser 
has  been  enthu¬ 
siastic  about  it. 

Ex-Gov.  W.  D. 

Hoard  of  Wiscon¬ 
sin  writes  "I  like 
the  quality  of  your*n?3C: 

Alfalfa  Clover  very 
much.  On  30  acres 
I  raised  over 
$2500  worth  of 
Alfalfa  Hay. 

There  is  no 
better  money 
crop  that  I 
know  of.” 

You  sow  Salzer’s  Northern  Grown  Alfalfa  and 
get  three  rousing  big  crops,  in  May,  July  and 
August,  besides  having  the  best  of  pastures.  It 
will  do  this  on  any  farm  in  America  where 
Timothy  will  grow.  Get  full  particulars.  Write 
for  our  1911  catalog.  It’s  free. 


0 


10  PACKETS  OF 

FARM  SEEDS 


hk] 


Cow  Peas  for  Hay. 

Q.  M.  IF.,  Chambcreburg,  Pa. — I  have 
about  four  acres  of  ground  which  is  heavy 
clay  soil.  It  was  pastured  last  Summer. 
Because  of  continued  drought  no  grass  of 
any  account  remains.  Would  it  be  profit¬ 
able  to  try  to  raise  cow  pea  hay  on  this 
ground?  If  so,  please  inform  me  how  to 
prepare  ground,  when  and  how  much  to 
sow,  and  when  to  cut  for  feed.  Is  cow-pea 
hay  a  good  feed  for  milch  cows? 

Ans. — Cow  peas  are  not  particularly 
well  adapted  to  that  heavy  soil.  They 
would  do  better  on  lighter.  We  think 
you  will  get  more  feed  by  sowing  oats 
and  Canada  peas  in  early  Spring.  Cut 
green  and  cure  for  hay  and  then  sow 
Japanese  millet.  Cut  this  and  sow  rye 
alone  or  seed  to  grass. 

A  “Restorer”  for  Fruit  Trees. 

R. ,  Ohio. — What  about  the  “Fruit  Tree 
Restorer”  that  Is  being  advertised  and  sold 
by  L.  II.  Hovis  &  Co.  of  Ohio?  It  is  said 
by  the  promoters  to  be  a  nostrum  of  some 
sort  that  is  to  be  put  into  the  sap  and 
“will  kill  the  scale  on  trees,  rose  bushes, 
berries  and  grapevines,”  and  that  it  “kills 
all  the  insects  and  purifies  the  sap,  so  that 
in  a  short  time  the  trees  take  on  new  life 
and  new  root.” 

Ans. — This  is  a  perfect  humbug. 
There  is  no  truth  in  any  such  statements 
as  that  there  is  any  way  to  “treat  the 
sap ”  so  it  will  kill  the  insects  on  the 
bark  or  anywhere  else,  except  to  kill  sap, 
tree  and  all  together.  There  have  been 
many  humbugs  of  this  kind  tried  on  the 
public  and  they  have  paid  no  one  except 
the  fakers  who  have  sold  them. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


Here’s  our  great  trial  collection  at  one  cent 
a  package,  composed  of  Speltz,  the  cereal  and 
hay  wonder,  Silver  King  Barley,  a  world  beater  with 
173  bu.  per  acre,  Bonanza  Oaf — swon  four  farms  in 
1910— biggest  sworn  to  yield  259  Bushels  per  acre! 
Billion  Dollar  Grass,  the  ten  ton  grass  wonder, 
Salzer’s  luxuriant  Alfalfa,  and  five  other  packets, 
all  fen  for  10c  in  stamps.  Write  for  this  collection 
today  and  we’ll  also  send  you  a  free  copy  of  our 
great  1911  catalogue. 

JOIN  A.  SALZER  SEED  CO. 

144  South  8th  St.,  La  Crosse,  Wls. 


Paraguay  Tea. 

The  Plant  Introduction  Bureau  of  the 
Department  of  Agriculture  has  secured  for 
distribution  seeds  of  the  yerba  mate  tree 
from  the  boundary  line  of  Brazil  and  Para¬ 
guay.  This  tree  Is  a  member  of  the  holly 
family,  Ilex  Paraguariensis,  and  Is  thus 
described  by  C.  F.  Mead,  of  Paraguay,  who 
furnishes  the  seed  : 

“This  plant  is  known  here  as  yerba  and 
the  forests  where  it  Is  found  are  called 
yerbales.  There  are  many  varieties  here¬ 
abouts,  but  I  was  lucky  enough  to  be  able 
to  purchase  seed  of  the  best  kind.  The 
seed  when  planted  will  take  three  months 
to  germinate,  but  if  the  whole  fruit  Is 
planted,  three  years  are  necessary.  Plant 
In  nursery  first,  then  transplant,  spacing 
10  feet  apart  for  square  method.  When 
full  grown  the  tree  Is  from  30  to  40 
feet  high.  As  near  as  I  can  find  out  the 
method  of  preparing  for  market  is  to  pick 
the  leaves,  partly  dry  by  fire,  finish  drying 
In  the  sun,  and  then  break  up  fine  with 
a  kind  of  flail,  when  It  Is  ready  to  sack 
and  market.  The  flavor  of  yerba  Is  regu¬ 
lated  by  variety,  the  strength  by  years  of 
growth  and  methods  of  prepar  'on.  The 
yield  of  yerba  is  about  three  kilos  per  tree 
when  three  years  old,  six  kilos  per  tree 
second  crop,  and  a  gradual  increase  then 
until  full  grown,  when  25  to  35  kilos  can 
be  cut  every  three  years.  Yerba  sells  in 
Buenos  Aires  for  $1.15  Arg.  (about  50 

cents  gold)  per  kilo.” 

The  tea  is  infused  in  boiling  water,  and 

Is  said  to  be  extremely  refreshing,  es¬ 
pecially  when  fatigued.  Nearly  30  years 
ago  an  English  botanist  calculated  that  at 
least  8,000,000  pounds  of  yerba  math  were 
consumed  annually  in  South  America,  tak¬ 
ing  the  place  of  Chinese  tea  as  used  in 
other  countries.  Books  of  South  American 
travel  state  that  the  native  method  was  to 
Infuse  the  tea  in  a  small  gourd,  and  then 
suck  it  through  a  tube,  called  a  bombilla, 
but  we  do  not  know  whether  this  custom 
Is  still  observed.  The  excellent  quality 
of  Paraguay  tea  has  been  praised  by  many 
authorities. 

Profits  in  Canning — In  regard  to  the 
profits  that  are  to  be  derived  from  a  can¬ 
ning  factory,  it  is  a  very  hard  question  to 
answer.  With  our  factory  we  can  only 
tomatoes  and  beans.  We  raise  the  most 
of  them,  and  can  them  ourselves.  We  put 
up  a  first-class  article  and  have  a  home 
market  for  all  we  can  put  up.  Our  toma¬ 
toes  bring  us  from  90  cents  to  $1  per 
dozen.  We  pay  30  cents  per  box  for  first- 
class  tomatoes,  delivered  at  factory.  We 
have  kept  an  account  of  the  cost  of  raising 
a  crop  of  tomatoes  and  find  the  cost  to  be 
about  10  cents  per  bushel  delivered  at 
factory.  The  yield  is  from  150  to  300 
b-  hels  per  acre,  according  to  cultivation 
and  ground.  I  think  a  canning  factory, 
properly  managed,  in  a  good  locality  would 
be  a  success  if  the  farmers  would  take  hold 
of  it  in  a  businesslike  way ;  that  is,  be¬ 
come  stockholders  and  not  expect  the  stock 
to  make  them  rich  without  any  effort  on 
their  part.  H.  D-  TDPTS. 

Indiana. 


I  want  you  to  send  for  my  new 
1911  seed  catalogue.  I’m  sure 
it  will  be  a  real  help  to  you.  De¬ 
scribes  the  choicest  varieties  of 
tested  farm  and  garden  seeds,  and 
shows  photographs  of  what  they 
have  actually  grown. 

Send  for  it  today— free  if  you  mention 
The  Rural  New-Yorker. 

For  10c  in  coin  or  stamps  I’ll  also  send 
you  three  ioc  packets  of  seeds — one  each 
of  my  unequaled  Bonny  Best  Early  To¬ 
matoes,  Dwarf  Nasturtiums  and  New 
Strawberry  Lettuce. 

Walter  P.  Stokes 

Dept.  L,  219  Market  St.,  Philadelphia 


200  Bushels  of  Strawberries 
From  a  Single 

One  of  our  patrons  made  this  record  with 
plants  bought  of  us.  Just  aik  a  commission  ~p|i  -rm 
man  what  this  quantity  of  fruit  would  have  .  '  -'Milk 
brought  the  grower  any  year  lately,  and  ,lj 
you’ll  see  that  there's  money  in  berries.  1 

Knight’s  Free  Book 
on  Small  Fruit 


Tells  the  l>est  Strawberries,  Rasp¬ 
berries,  Blackberries,  Dewberries, 
Gooseberries,  Currants,  etc.,  and  just 
how  to  grow  them.  Knight’s  plants 
have  a  national  reputation  for  superior 
quality  and  high  vigor.  Send  today 
for  free  copy  of  our  catalogue. 

David  Knight 
&  Son 

Box  56  Sawyer,  Mich. 


February  11, 

Two  Mill  ion 

Strawberry  Plants 

Every  one  of  them  good  honest  plants 
with  an  abundance  of  branching  rootlets. 
Good  big  crowns.  Freefrom  disease 
and  in  the  most  thrifty  growing  condition. 
Guaranteed  true  to  name  and  variety. 
No  other  grower  can  produce  anything 
better.  Our 

Small  Fruit  Catalogue 

contains  24  pages  of  matter  devoted  exclu¬ 
sively  to  Strawberries,  Kaspberries, 
Blackberries,  Gooseberries,  Currants 
and  Grapes.  Gives  good  straightforward 
and  honest  descriptions  of  the  many  varieties 
we  offer. 

Write  for  free  catalogue  today.  It’s  sure  to 
make  and  save  you  money  Don’t  delay. 

J.  W.  JONES  &  SON,  Allen,  IVed. 


ST.  REGIS 


EVERBEARING 

RASPBERRY 

Rears  the  first  season  ? 

The  most  productive  rasp¬ 
berry — planted  in  April,  bears 
continuously  from  June  to 
October  of  same  year.  The 
first  to  ripen  and  the  last.  Ber¬ 
ries  large,  of  bright  red  color 
and  excellent  quality  —  ship 
200  miles  in  first-class  order. 
Absolutely  hardy  <k  sun-proof. 

Our  new  catalog  Free — tella 
how  to  choose  and  grow  small 
fruits  ‘  ‘that  produce  profits.  ’ ' 
J.  T.  LOVETT*  vl 
Box  162  Little  811ver,  N.  J. 


STRAWBERRYnPLANTS 

25B  Main  St.,  Anns,  III. 

200  Acres  of  Them.  1  Grow  Nothing  Else 

I  do  not  run  a  nursery —or  seed  business  . 

I  devote  all  my  time  to  Strawberry 
Plant*-  I  personally  superintend  my 
farm,  '".very  plant  guaranteed  “true  to 
namo*‘  Plants  grown  in  Natural  Straw * 
berry  Climate ;  ‘soil  right,  too.  Stronf 
rooted,  prolific  bearers.  Prices  right.  G 
my  1911  Catalog.  Write  to-day. — NOW. 

W.  W.  THOMAS.  The  Slrawberm  Plant  Man 

WHOLESALE  PRICES 


Sr.  BEST  NEWand  STANDARD  £. 

of  STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  at  reasonable 
prices  send  at  once  for  my  free,  large,  Illustrated 
catalogue.  Eggs  from  PRIZE-WINNING  R.I. 
lteds  at  Washington,  Philadelphia  and  other  large 
shows— cheap,  and  I  Guarantee  Satisfaction. 

W.  S.  TODD,  Greenwood,  Del. 


SEEDS 


THAT  DO  NOT  DISAPPOINT 

Sold  on  The  Ford  Plan,  which  guar¬ 
antees  satisfaction  and  saves  you 
money  on  every  purchase.  Our  cat¬ 
alog  tells  about  it,  gives  descriptions  and  low  prices  on 
Best  varieties  Garden,  Flower  and  Field  Seeds,  Pota¬ 
toes,  Bulbs,  Trees,  Shrubs  and  Small  Fruit  Plants.  Con¬ 
tains  lots  of  testimonials  from  our  customers.  It's  free. 

FORD  SEED  CO.,  Dept.  24,  Ravenna,  Ohio. 

CLOVER*-. TIMOTHY  CS 

Cheapest  and  Best  Seeding  Known 

Alsike,  Clover  and  Timothy  mixed.  Fully  %  Al- 
sike,  a  great  bargain.  Most  wonderful  hay  and  pas¬ 
ture  combination  that  grows.  Write  for  Free  Sam¬ 
ple  and  our  large  76-page  catalog  describing  this 
wonderful  grass  mixture.  Far  ahead  of  anything 
you  can  sow  and  ridiculously  cheap.  Be  convinced. 
K.A.  Berry  Seed  Co.,  Boxseo  Clarinda,  Iowi*< 

CRD  CAI  C— Canada  Peas,  $1.85  bushel;  Alas- 
rUll  OALC  ka  Peas,  $4.00  bushel:  Cow  Peas. 
$2.25  bushel;  Crimson  Clover  Reed.  $8.50  bushel. 
Sow  Canada  Peas  and  Oats  in  March  and  harvest 
a  crop  of  Hay  in  May.  Onion  Sets  at  $2.25  per 
bushel.  JOSEPH  E  HOLLAND,  Milford,  Del. 

EST  SEED  POTATOES  JU 

A,  Q.  ALDRIDGE,  Fisher’s,  Ontario  County,  N.  Y. 

STRAWBERRY  Plants.  Send  foi-free  catalog.  Large 
stock  Miller,  best  red  raspberry,  only  $5  per  1000.  Also, 
eggs  for  hatching.  Pure  W.  Wy.  and  B.  P.  R.,  26  eggs 
for  $1.26.  Sl-AYMAKER  &  SON,  Wyoming,  Del. 

Strawberry  Plants  Descriptive  Catalogue 

Free.  BASIL  PERKY,  D.  18,  Cool  Spring,  Del. 


A  R.  WESTON  A  CO- 


R.8 


Brldipnan.  Mlejp 


PLANTS 


Our  free  hook 
quotes  lowest 
prices,  honestly  describes  60  varie- 
r/av  ties,  explains  C.  O.  D.  plan,  tells  how 
_  J'  to  plant  and  grow  strawberries,  rasp¬ 
berries,  blackberries,  grapes,  etc. 

A.  G.  BLOUNT,  Dept.  A,  Hastings,  N.  V. 

Most  Everyone  Has  a  Hobby. 

Ours  is  propagating  new  varieties  of  strawberries. 
After  a  thorough  test  and  proved  to  be  all-around 
best  of  all,  you  hear  us  say  something—  otherwise 
we  bury  them.  Our  catalogue  for.  1911  is  brimful 
of  new  ones,  and  conspicuously  absent  of  varieties 
that  have  been  but  cannot  come  back.  Early,  Mid- 
Season  and  Late.  Wo  were  the  introducers  of  the 
famous  “Stevens’  Late  Champion,”  a  book  on 
strawberry  culture,  with  every  catalogue  all  free 

for  the  asking.  „  _ , 

J.T.  GARRISON  &  SONS,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

CTRAWBERRY  PLANTS-All  the  leading  ami  money  making 
0  varieties  ready  to  ship  now.  D.  ROD  WAY,  Haiti  j  .Del. 

Strawberry  Plants^r0TLr«rows 

!  at  SI. 00  per  1,000  and  up.  Catalogue  free. 

'  ALLEN  BROS.,  PAW  PAW,  MICH. 


B 


s 


TRAWBERRY  PLANTS  only  $1.50  &  $1 .75  per  1000.  Illus. 
Catalogue  Free.  S.  A.  VIRDIN,  Harily,  Del. 

PLANTS  FOR  SALE— All  varieties  of  Early  and  Late 
Vegetable  Plants;  also  forty  varieties  Straw¬ 
berries;  prices  right;  established  twenty  years. 
Price  list  free.  8.  C.  ATHERTON, Greenwood.  Del. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  for  Business.  Fancy 
Berries.  That’s  what  talks.  Leading  varieties. 
Catalogue  free.  D.  M.  TEETER,  Belleville,  Ohio. 


Perfection  Red  Rasnberry^f.rs 

bssi,ffi'asar“^Aite"v?@5?"V^ 

FARM,  Marlborough,  N.  V. 


WANTED: 


Fruit  &  Ornamentals 

Send  Catalogue  and  Wholesale  Lists. 

>cial  interest  for  large  first-class  trees.  Cherries 
Mazzard  stock.  What  have  you,  preferably 
»e  straight  trees?  Also,  EVERGREENS  at 


Send  Catalogue  and  Wholesale  Lists. 

Special  interest  for  large  first-class  trees.  Cherries 
on  Mazz  ’  '  ’ 

large  st: 
right  prices. 

Address  “CASH  BUYER,’’  care  Rural  New-Yorker 

Strawberry  Plants  varieties.  Strong 

plants.  Low  prices.  H.  H.  BENNING,  Clyde,  N. Y. 


I  Allini  AIIC  Six  varieties  of  healthy,  thrifty  one  and  two-year-old  routs. 
AnPARbRIIS  Also,  full  line  Fruit  Trees,  Ornamental  Strawberry  Plants,  Y  mes, 
I  California  Privet,  Garden  Tools,  Spraying  Outfits,  etc. 

Write  for  catalog  and  valuable  Spraying  Chart.  It’s  FREE. 

KUUlO.  ARTHUR  J.  COLLINS,  liox  R,  Moorestown,  1ST.  J. 


is  sufficient  for  the  front 
of  a  post  card.  If  you  will 
write  your  own  address 
plainly  on  the  other  side 

we  shall  be  pteased  to  send  The  Leading  American  Seed  Catalog.  An  elegant  book  of  174 
pages,  it  tells  the  plain  truth,  and  should  be  read  by 
all  who  would  have  the  best  garden  possible  and 
who  are  willing  to  pay  a  fair  price  for  seeds  of  the 


Burpee,  Philadelphia, 

*  .  _  -  ■  -  -  -  -  -an  Seed  Catal 

Burpee=Quality 


Biff  Money  Is  Made  Growing  Peaches  for  Market 

A  si  ear-old  Peach  Orchard  in  Palisade,  Colorado,  sold  for  $24,630.50  cash.  Peaches  was  the  only 
produce  raised  and  sold  from  the  land.  When  six  acres  bong  this  aniount  of  money  it  provM  that  grow¬ 
ing  Peaches  is  immensely  profitable  when  rightly  conducted.  least  of  the  Mississippi  River  nearly  every 
farm has  slopeswhich  face'.he  north  and  east-wSth  natural  Peach  SoU.  Learn  what^ri«^.veonyour 
land,  enemies  to  avoid,  care  of  the  trees,  and  a  big  crop  of  choice  fruit  is  almost  a  certainty.  Carefully 
marketed,  fancy  Peaches  sell  for  more  than  oranges,  and  land  for  Peaches  costs  less. 

We  Tell  You  HOW  to  Grow  Peaches  RIGHT 

Our  big  orchards  make  us  lots  of  money.  Some  of  our  bearing  trees  are  twenty-five  years  old  with  no 
sign  of  yellows.  Six  million  fine  young  Peach  Trees  are  now  growing  in  our  nurseries.  Would  you  plant 
some  tills  spring,  if  we  show  you  how  to  make  them  succeed  t  If  you  will,  send  for  our  unusual  catalogue 
for  ion  NOW.  veteran  growers  and  t leginners  will  find  it  invaluable.  It  s  free,  but  tell  us  how  many 
trees  you  need.  Write  Now.  The  book  also  tells  about  Apples,  Pears,  Grapes,  Strawberries,  etc. 

Orlando  Harrison,  Private  Desk  15  HARRISON’S  NURSERIES,  Berlin,  Maryland 


1911. 


LIME  OR  LIMESTONE,  WHICH? 

Much  is  said  in  all  agricultural  papers 
of  the  value  of  lime  in  the  soil  to  make 
it  productive,  to  remedy  certain  condi¬ 
tions  and  build  up  the  producing  ca¬ 
pacity  of  land  and  maintain  it.  I  have 
before  me  several  circulars  advertising 
lime ;  some  recommend  burned  limestone, 
some  unburned  ground  limestone.  All 
have  an  array  of  reasons  why  their  prod¬ 
uct  is  the  best,  in  fact,  the  only  thing 
in  that  line  you  can  buy  and  obtain 
success.  Some  experts  will  tell  you  not 
to  expect  much  result  from  any  un¬ 
burned  ground  rock;  a  heap  of  sand 
is  nothing  but  small  particles  of  rock. 
If  you  plant  in  that  sand  and  water 
you  must  expect  very  little  result.  The 
action  of  a  fertilizer  is  different  in  dif¬ 
ferent  soils;  is  not  the  action  of  lime  on 
different  soils  likewise?  One  circular 
advocating  burned  limestone  says:  “It 
improves  the  texture  of  the  soil,  espe¬ 
cially  those  of  a  clayey  nature;  makes 
it  more  friable,  less  liable  to  bake,  lib¬ 
erates  potash  from  its  insoluble  com¬ 
binations  in  the  soil  and  helps  to  unlock 
and  liberate  it  to  the  uses  of  the  crop 
grown.  Don’t  use  unburned  limestone ; 
it  has  very  little  if  any  chemical  action 
on  the  soil,  neither  does  it  improve  the 
texture  like  burned  limestone.  It  re¬ 
quires  two  or  three  times  more  of  the 
crude  (or  unburned)  limestone  to  get  a 
similar  effect,”  etc. 

Another  circular  says :  “Limestone 
finely  ground  is  the  best  form  to  use;  it 
is  nature’s  way  of  putting  into  the  ground 
what  the  ground  needs.  Natural  limestone 
soils  do  not  contain  burned  lime.  Ground 
limestone  produces  in  the  soil  a  milder 
and  more  natural  action  than  the 
burned.  The  burned  lime  does  the  same 
thing,  but  it  is  also  a  powerful  soil 
destroyer,  attacking  and  destroying  the 
organic  matter,  thus  liberating  plant 
food  from  the  soil,  resulting  in  waste 
of  valuable  humus.”  It  also  tells  of  a 
series  of  experiments  carried  on  by  the 
Pennsylvania  Experiment  Station  from 
1882  to  1901,  whereby  it  is  demonstrated 
that  unburned  limestone  builds  up  the 
soil,  while  burned  limestone  destroys, and 
exhausts  the  fertility  of  the  soil.  The 
same  results  are  reported  by  the  Mary¬ 
land,  Ohio  and  Illinois  experiment  sta¬ 
tions. 

Now  which  of  these  advertisements 
shall  we  go  by?  Which  is  right,  or  are 
bdth  right  in  a  way,  and  shall  each 
farmer  experiment  with  both  until  he 
finds  which  is  better?  In  my  boyhood 
days,  when  Peruvian  guano  first  was 
introduced  some  farmers  thought  they 
had  the  real  thing,  and  for  a  few  years 
it  would  give  fine  returns,,  but  all  the 
elements  promoting  growth  for  a  long 
series  of  years  were  not  there,  and  these 
fertilizer  mixtures  with  potash,  phos¬ 
phoric  acid,  ground  bone,  etc.,  came  in 
until  a  balanced  ration  was  found  for 
each  crop.  Dr.  Jenkins  of  the  Con¬ 
necticut  Agricultural  Station  gave  an 
address  before  the  Berlin,  Conn.,  Farm¬ 
ers’  Club  on  the  evening  of  January  7, 
and  I  enclose  the  report  of  his  talk  taken 
from  the  “Hartford  Times”:  In  read¬ 
ing  it  over  I  do  not  see  limestone  men¬ 
tioned  or  recommended  as  the  thing  to 
use ;  still  at  the  end  of  the  report  you 
will  note  that  he  speaks  of  a  company 
in  Western  Connecticut  that  advertises 
the  fine-ground  limestone  alone.  I  would 
like  to  hear  from  people  who  have  had 
actual  experience  with  both  sorts  and 
the  results.  newton  osborn. 

Connecticut. 

N.-Y. — The  paper  by  Dr.  Jenkins 
was  a  very  good  statement  of  the  action 
of  lime  on  the  soil,  and  its  need  in  our 
farming.  We  understand  that  limestone 
as  it  comes  from  the  soil  in  the  first 
place  is  chiefly  a  combination  of  lime 
and  carbonic  acid.  The  reason  for  burn¬ 
ing  it  is  to  drive  off  the  carbonic  acid 
and  leave  pure  lime,  which  is  known 
variously  as  lump,  caustic  or  quicklime. 
When  this  form  of  lime  is  left  exposed 
to  air  or  water  it  “Makes ;”  that  is,  takes 


THE  RURA.I>  NEW-YORKER 


up  water  or  carbonic  acid.  Put  this 
slaked  or  burnt  lime  in  the  soil  and  it 
slowly  changes  until  finally  it  goes  back 
to  its  original  form  as  limestone — being 
in  a  fine  condition  instead  of  in  a  lump. 
It  is  then  much  like  the  original  lime¬ 
stone  which  is  ground  fine  instead  of 
being  burned.  The  slaked  or  burned 
lime  is  finer  than  the  ground  limestone, 
has  a  stronger  and  more  rapid  chemical 
action,  and  contains  more  actual  lime. 
This  strong  chemical  action  of  the 
burned  lime  acts  to  break  up  or  decay 
the  vegetable  matter  in  the  soil,  while 
the  ground  limestone  is  slower  and 
more  gentle  in  its  action:  On  a  light, 
sandy  soil  which  is  lacking  in  vegetable 
matter  the  ground  limestone  would 
probably  be  better.  On  a  very  sour  soil, 
a  stiff,  heavy  clay  or  a  soil  rich  in  or¬ 
ganic  matter,  where  green  crops  were 
plowed  in,  we  should  use  the  burned 
lime  from  choice.  The  rule  would  be 
to  use  twice  as  much  of  the  ground 
limestone  as  of  the  burned  lime  in  order 
to  obtain  equal  results.  That  is  be¬ 
cause  the  ground  limestone  contains  less 
lime  and  in  a  less  active  form.  As  be¬ 
tween  the  two  forms,  unless  you  have  a 
positive  guarantee  giving  the  actual 
amount  of  lime,  it  would  probably  be 
safer  to  try  the  burned  lime.  We  shall 
be  glad  to  have  farmers  give  us  their 
experience  in  the  actual  use  of  the  va¬ 
rious  forms  of  lime.  Let  everybody  re¬ 
member  that  lime  is  not  used  as  a  fer¬ 
tilizer  like  nitrate  or  phosphate  or  pot¬ 
ash.  It  may  give  results  for  a  few 
years  if  used  alone,  but  sooner  or  later 
this  will  leave  the  soil  worse  than  if 
was  to  begin  with.  Use  lime  for  its' 
chemical  action  on  the  soil,  and  use 
manure  or  fertilizer  just  as  freely  as 
if  you  did  not  lime.  That  is  the  safest 
rule. 


163 


I 


An  Absolutely  Reliable  Roof 

is  one  of  the  best  investments  a  farmer  can  possibly  make.  The 
trifling  additional  sum  you  pay  for  |\|EpcinseT  Roofings  is 
made  up  many  times  over  in  the  additional  protection  to  your  build- 
ing,  freedom  from  repair  bills,  fire  risks  and  all  roofing  troubles. 

NEPdnseT 

PAROID  ROOFING 

The  United  States  Government,  all  the  leading  railroads,  many  of  the 
largest  manufacturing  industries  and  tnousands  of  planters  and  farmers  have 
used  NEPdnseT  Paroid  Roofing  for  years.  The  record  of  NEPDNSET  Roofings 
is  the  strongest  argument  for  their  use. 

Talk  with  a  man  who  has  used  NEpdnseT  Paroid  Roofing  and  get  the  story 
first  hand.  Our  dealer  can  give  you  the  name  of  such  a  man  in  your  own 
locality.  There  are  different  NEPdnseT  Roofings  for  different  types  of  build- 
mgs,  and  NEPDNSET  Water-proof  Building  Papers  for  every  purpose. 

Write  for  Book  of  Plans  and  Information  on  Poultry  Houses 

Be  sure  to  state  just  what  you  are  building  or  repairing 
and  give  exact  dimensions. 

NEPDNSET  Dealers  everywhere.  If  you  do  not  know  the  one  in  your  locality,  a3k  us. 

_  ,  „  F-  W-  BIRD  &  SON,  125  Neponset  St.,  East  Walpole,  Mass. 

Established.  1705.  Originators  of  Complete  Ready  Roofings  and  Waterproof  Building  Papers. 

New  York,  Washington, Chicago,  P  ortland.Ore.,  San  Francisco,  Hamilton,  Ont.,  Winnipeg,  Montreal,  St  John 

Mills:  East  Walpole.  Mass.,  Norwood.  Mass.,  PhilUpsdale.  R.  I..  Hamilton,  Ont..  Pont  Rouge’,  Quebec 


I 


An  Improved  Black  Walnut. 

M.  A.  Z.  of  Ohio  has  a  seedling  of  the 
common  Black  walnut,  Juglans  nigra,  that 
has  a  solid  kernel,  judging  from  his  state¬ 
ment  that  there  is  no  division  in  the  cen¬ 
ter,  the  kernel  coming  out  in  one  piece  and 
on  one  side.  lie  wishes  to  know  if  this  is 
anything  valuable,  and  if  specimens  would 
be  of  interest.  There  is  another  variety  of 
Black  walnut  of  the  same  character  as  the 
one  described  that  originated  in  Boss 
(  ounty,  Ohio,  and  it  has  been  named  the 
Peanut  and  was  described  and  illustrated 
in  a  report  of  the  United  States  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture  several  years  ago.  Is 
is  not  large,  hut  the  flavor  is  very  good 
and  the  kernel  comes  out  in  one  almost 
round  piece.  The*  .variety  lias  been  propa¬ 
gated  by  grafting  and  the  trees  are  grow¬ 
ing  in  several  States,  some  as  far  west 
as  i  alifornia.  I  have  trees  planted  in 
Louisiana.  This  new  variety  mav  he  a 
very  good  one,  and  samples  should 'he  sent 
to  the  pomologist  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  at  Washington.  Boxes  and 
baskets  for  mailing  them  will  be  sent  with- 
out  cost  on  application.  A  full  history 
of  the  original  tree  and  other  particulars 
should  accompany  the  specimens. 

H.  E.  VAX  DE5IAX. 


Yours  FREE  30  Days 

1  I’ll  Pay  Freight  Anywhere 

ItUSu‘eR  8erul  my  Chatham  Fanning  Mill  to  your 
It.  It.  Station  on  u  month’s  trial.  No  monev 
contract  and  I  pay  the  freight.  Return  at  nlv  m 

c^f.raro  &?„  T  ^  ** 

CHATHAM 

Cleans  and  grades  all  kinds  of  seeds,  grasses  and  grains  Don’t 

grow  weeds  or  thin  stands.  Land. ami  t.7xes  are  too  high"  Douhle 

nosta|0no  sTbetter(cr°Psancl  have  high-priced  secd.to  sell.  Send 

P  BOOKNor  ‘l04Ct°x  ln£ral  a,ld  Kel  FREE 

uuk  No.  104.  Tells  how  thousands  are  making  hi <* 

exAr,2  Pro^,tJ  w,t^  a  Chatham.  Send  your  name  by  next  mail  * 
Campbell,  Pres.,  y  ‘a“- 

Kansas  co-  Detroit,  Mich. 

as  City,  Mo.,  St-  Paul,  Minn.;  Seattle,  Wash. 


No  Money  Down 
No  Note 

No  Contract 


Book  You  Ought  to 

Phelps  Wants  to  Send  it  Free 


17  Screens  and  Riddles 
Enough  for  Every  Purpose 


I  Guarantee 


every  wheel  and  part  of  the  run¬ 
ning  gear  to  be  made  of  triple 
A  grade  Straight  Grained  Split 
Hickory  the  same  grade  exactly 
^asthisspoke  which  I  send  un¬ 
tainted  as  a  sample  of 
the  material  used 
with  every 
Buggy  I 
ship. 


It’s  a  Big  Show  Room  of  over 
125  kinds  and  styles  of  Vehicles 
for  you  to  choose  from — more 
Vehicles  than  you  could  see  in  ten 
big  towns— or  25  Retailers’  Stores. 

Each  Vehicle  is  described  in  smallest  detail  by  Phelps  him- 
sejl  the  Practical  Buggy  manufacturer,  both  in  words  and 
and  in  big  photographs,  which  show  you  more  about  the  points 
you  ought  to  know  about  the  Buggy  you’re  going  to  buy  than 
you  could  learn  from  any  other  source  in  a  month’s  time. 

Split  Hickory 

Confidence 


$25 
to  $75 

Saved — Or  No  Sale 


of  over  140,000  farmers 

Think  of  it  Phelps  has  their  confidence — over  140,000  satisfied  purchasers  are  driving 
Split  Hickory  Vehicles  throughout  the  United  States  today-all  customers  of  Phelps, 
who  is  the  originator  of  the  plan  of  selling  made-to-order  Split  Hickory  Vehicles  direct- 
from-factory-to-user  on  30  Days’  Free  Road  Test— on  a  2  Years’  Guarantee. 

Don’t  you  want  this  New  Book— fresh  from  the  printers  for  1911?  In  it  you’ll 
find  a  great  variety  of  Auto  Seat  Buggies— Runabouts— Surreys— Phaetons— Carriages— 
SPVWg  Carts— Spring  Wagons,  etc.— and  a  full  line  of  high  quality  Harness.^ 
Visit  Phelps  Factory  through  his  Big  Book — it  will  cost  you  onN  a  postal. 

Just  say  ‘Phelps,  send  me  the  Book’  ’ — and  he’ll  do  the  rest.  /  \ 

H.  C.  PHELPS.  President  .. 

Lhe  Ohio  Carriage  Mfg.  Co.,  Station  290,  Columbus,  Ohio  V  - 

Largest  Factory  in  the  World  Selling  Direct  to  Consumer 


— according  to  style 
of  Vehicle  you  Buy. 


164 


*THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


February  11, 


RAPE  FOR  HEN  PASTURE. 

My  laying  house  is  100  feet  long,  and  the 
yard  in  front  of  it  is  that  wide  and  about 
120  feet  long,  approximately  one-quarter 
acre.  Back  of  the  house  the  hens  have  a 
run  of  nearly  two  acres,  with  a  fairly  good 
set  of  clover  and  Timothy.  All  this  is  a 
young  orchard.  I  have  heretofore  been 
sowing  either  rye  or  oats  in  the  front 
yard,  and  when  that  was  eaten  down,  the 
fowls  were  turned  into  the  larger  plot  be¬ 
hind,  the  alternate  yard  system.  The  sow¬ 
ing  of  oats  and  rye  is  open  to  this  objec¬ 
tion,  the  frequent  preparation  of  the 
ground  and  seeding  Is  not  any  too  good  for 
the  trees;  trunks  barked,  twigs  broken  off 
and  roots  disturbed.  It  occurs  to  me  that 
rape  (Dwarf  Essex)  sown  in  the  Spring 
as  soon  as  the  ground  can  be  worked,  with 
a  good  start  befoie  the  hens  are  turned 
in,  should  furnish  grain  feed  for  them, 
about  600,  for  the  entire  season,  Spring  to 
Fall,  if  an  occasional  chance  be  given  now 
and  then  for  it  to  get  a  fresh  start.  Will 
the  constant  eating  of  the  rape  be  likely 
to  taint  the  flavor  of  the  eggs?  Is  the 
soil  likely  to  become  foul  from  the  drop¬ 
pings  owing  to  the  shade  of  the  plants? 

I  sowed  rape  in  my  brooder  house  outside 
runs  last  Spring  and  we  had  to  chop  it 
dowa  with  a  sickle  this  Fall.  Some  of  it 
got  over  two  feet  tall  and  went  to  seed. 
The  chicks  could  not  keep  it  down.  But, 
of  course,  they  were  not  at  it  for  the  en¬ 
tire  season.  A-  K- 

Hagerstown,  Md. 

Rape  makes  very  good  pasture  for 
either  young  chickens  or  laying  hens. 
For  best  results,  the  seed  should  be 
sown  as  early  as  possible  in  the  Spring 
and  allowed  to  get  a  good  start  before 
the  poultry  is  permitted  to  pasture  in 
it.  If  a  good  growing  season,  the  rape 
plants  will  continue  to  put  forth  new 
foliage  which  will  be  sufficient  green 
food  for  the  birds  throughout  the  sea¬ 
son  unless  the  yards  are  overcrowded. 
Hens  or  chickens  can  never  do  their 
best  when  confined  in  yards  so  small 
that  a  sufficient  amount  of  green  food 
cannot  be  grown.  In  case  the  chickens 
strip  the  plants  of  the  leaves  it  is  a 
good  plan  to  cut  the  stalks  and  keep 
the  fowls  out  until  they  are  again  well 
started.  There  is  practically  no  danger 
of  the  eggs  laid  by  hens  pastured  in 
rape  having  an  offensive  flavor.  How¬ 
ever,  eggs  may  be  tainted  by  feeding 
excessively  of  certain  vegetables,  and 
duck  eggs  especially  when  the  birds 
consume  great  quantities  of  green 
clover.  As  to  the  land  becoming  foul 
from  the  droppings,  there  is  no  reason 
why  it  should  if  the  land  is  well  plowed 
each  season,  unless  the  yards  are  over¬ 
crowded  with  birds.  F.  T.  f. 


yards,  but  at  this  age  they  “shoot  the 
red”  and  must  have  room  and  range  to 
do  well.  Under  this  age  they  are  very 
tender  and  require  close  attention  and 
special  food;  hard  boiled  eggs,  milk 
curds  and  stale  bread  crumbs.  After 
this  they  begin  to  grow  and  prefer  to 
roam  around  for  a  large  part  of  their 
living.  I  would  not  advise  anyone  to 
try  to  raise  turkeys  in  restricted  quarters 
unless  it  was  in  acres  of  pasture  land 
where  they  would  hardly  know  it.  Even 
then  they  would  grow  faster  and  look 
nicer  if  they  knotv  no  bounds  and  could 
wander  over  hill  and  dale,  coming  home 
at  evening  only.  d.  j.  lambert. 

Rhode  Island. 

I  cannot  advise  anyone  J;o  raise  or 
rather  try  to  raise  turkeys  and  keep 
them  confined.  My  experience  in  the 
business  has  been  rather  a  long  one, 
about  30  years,  and  I  have  always 
found  that  the  chicken  hen  even  when 
allowed  to  go  as  far  as  she  pleased, 
did  not  give  the  little  turkeys  enough 
exercise  to  make  them  grow,  even 
though  some  of  them  will  live ;  but 
do  not  mature  to  anything  like  the 
proper  size. 

Virginia.  MRS.  Harriet  chumbley. 


RAISING  TURKEYS  IN  CLOSE  QUARTERS. 

A  reader  in  southern  New  Jersey  has 
about  six  hens  and  wishes  to  raise  a  few 
turkeys.  Her  hens  are  conflned  to  nar¬ 
row  limits.  Her  plan  is  to  hatch  tuikejs 
under  hens  which  she  knows  to  he  good 
mothers.  This  woman  has  no  means  of 
providing  a  range  for  the  turkeys.  Mould 
it  be  safe  for  her  to  attempt  to  raise  such 
a  flock  in  these  limited  quarters?  Our 
own  experience  indicates  that  it  is  neces¬ 
sary  to  give  the  turkeys  considerable  range. 

I  believe  it  to  be  utterly  impossible  to 
raise  turkeys  under  these  conditions,  as 
our  experience  has  been  that  unless 
range  can  be  furnished  raising  them  is 
pretty  near  an  impossibility. 

New  York.  J.  e.  van  alstyne. 

Judging  from  my  personal  experience 
with  turkeys,  I  do  not  consider  it  worth 
while  to  undertake  to  raise  them  in 
close  confinement.  Whether  the  hatch¬ 
ing  is  done  with  hens  or  hen  turkeys, 
they  have  always  done  much  better  when 
given  plenty  of  range.  It  is  sometimes 
a  good  plan  to  keep  the  young  turkeys 
in  small  yards  for  the  first  week,  espe¬ 
cially  in  stormy  weather. 

New  York.  f.  t.  finch. 

In  regard  to  the  woman  who  wishes 
to  raise  turkeys  in  limited  quarters  tell 
her  she  would  better  not  try  it.  It  has 
been  my  personal  observation  that  they 
fail  every  time.  It  is  a  turkey’s  nature 
to  range.  The  Bronze  are  much  worse 
than  the  Holland.  The  woman  would 
better  continue  with  her  chickens. 

New  York.  mrs.  e.  j.  rider. 

It  may  be  possible  to  raise  a  poult  up 
to  six  weeks  in  confinement  or  small 


Lime  on  Meadow. 

R.  C.  M.,  Fredotiia,  N.  Y. — Would  you 
consider  that  there  would  be  enough  good 
obtained  from  an  application  of  lime  on  a 
newly  seeded  meadow  to  make  it  pay,  hav- 
ing  neglected  to  get  it  on  when  seeded? 

I  have  seen  an  account  of  an  experiment 
which  claimed  that  lime  went  down  very 
little.  Which  would  you  consider  better, 
carbonate  or  burnt  lime?  Would  you  ad¬ 
vise  applying  in  Spring  on  meadow  where 
manure  had  been  broadcast  during  the 
Winter? 

Ans. — The  returns  from  this  will  be 
slow,  but  we  think  the  lime  will  finally 
pay.  We  have  never  obtained  really 
good  results  except  when  the  lime  is 
thoroughly  worked  into  the  soil..  From 
choice  we  should  use  burned  lime  for 
this  purpose.  We  should  not  want  to 
use  the  lime  and  manure  together  on 
top  of  the  ground. 

“Have  you  had  any  serious  trouble 
with  your  new  automobile?”  “Not  a 
bit.  So  far  I  haven’t  hit  a  single  man 
without  being  abie  to  get  away  before 
he  gets  my  number.” — Cleveland  Leader. 

— — — —  < 

I’ll  Save  You  $50 

On  a  Manure  Spreader 

-If  You'll  Lei  Me  i 

This  is  just  a  little  ad— but  a  postal  will  bring  my  Big 
Book— and  give  you  my  *50.00  Saving  Price  and  Special 
Proposition.  You  can  save  as  much  answering  this  little  ad¬ 
vertisement  as  if  it  coveted  a  page.  ,,  _ 

My  Spreader  positively  will  do  better  work  and  last  longer 


than  any  Spreader  made — no  mat 
ter  what  the  price— so  why  pay  . 

more?  40,000  farmors  have 
stampad  thalr  O.  K.  on 
my  aproador  and  money, 
eavlng  price.  MySpecial 
Proposition  will  interest  you. 

Just  a  postal  addressed  to  Gal¬ 
loway  of  Waterloo,  Iowa,  will1 
bring  you  everything  postpaid. 

'Will  You  Pay  a  Penny  For 
The  Poalal  and  Sava  SOO.OOT 
Address  Wm.  Calloway,  Proa. 

WM.  CALLOWAY  CO. 

6B9  Calloway  Sta.  Waterloo,  la. 


F r  olght 
Paid 


THE  NEW  FARMER 

The  “rube”  has  been  succeeded  by 
“agriculturist.”  There’s  as  much 
ence  between  the  “rube’  and 
w  .culturist”  as  between  corn  and 
cucumbers.  The  modern  farmer  is  a 
business  man,  a  student,  and  a  pro¬ 
gressionist.  The  result  is  a  great 


the 

& 


change  in  cul¬ 
tural  methods. 

Mould-board 
plows  and  drag 
cultivators  are 
being  replaced 
by  “Cutawa y” 
tools.  Farmers 
now  realize  that 
cultivation  is  not 
merely  a  matter 
of  softening  the 
ground.  Thor¬ 
ough,  frequent 
cultivation  stirs 
the  soil,  lets  in 
air  and  sunshine  and  new  life,  killing 
foul  vegetation.  “Cutaway”  tools 
effect  perfect  sub-soil  connections; 
save  time  and  labor;  increase  crops 
25%  to  50%. 

Send  postal  to-day  to  The  Cutaway 
Harrow  Co.,  Higganum,  Conn.,  for 
new  booklet  “INTENSIVE  CULTI¬ 
VATION.”  It’s  free.  Adv. 


Hear  the  Victor 
today  at  the  nearest 
Victor  dealer’s.  He 
will  gladly  play  any 
Victor  music  you 
want  to  hear,  and  if 
you  want  to  buy  he 
will  arrange  terms 
to  suit. 


His  Masters 


The  famous  Victor 
trade-mark  stands 
for  all  that  is  best 
in  music,  and  is 
on  every  Victor, 
Victor-Victrola  and 
Victor  Record. 

Write  us  for  com¬ 
plete  catalogs. 


The  musical 
instrument 
for  everybody 

For  those  who  want  the  best  in  grand  opera;  the  best  in  classical  music; 
in  sacred  music;  in  band  and  orchestra  selections;  in  instrumental  solos, 
duets;  trios,  and  quartets;  in  old-time  ballads;  in  popular  and  comic 
songs;  in  recitations,  minstrelsy  and  descriptive  specialties. 

For  those  who  want  to  pay  $10,  $17.50,  $25,  $32.50,  $40,  $50,  $60,  $100 
for  a  Victor,  or  $75,  $100,  $150,  $200,  $250  for  a  Victor-Victrola. 

Whatever  ;  kind  of  music  and  entertainment  you  want,  and  at  the  price 
you  want  to  pay. 

Victor  Talking  Machine  Co.,  20th  and  Cooper  Sts.,  Camden,  N.  J. 

Berliner  Gramophone  Co.,  Montreal,  Canadian  Distributors. 

To  get  best  results,  use  only  Victor  Needles  on  Victor  Records 


And  be  sure  to  Hear  the 

Victor-Victrola 


Pumps  Air  Through  Clothes 


Syracuse  “EASY"  Washer  uses 
vacuum  principle  and  forces  air 
and  suds  through  the  clothes. 
Cleans  perfectly  without  pulling, 
hauling  or  tearing.  Built  to  last  a 
lifetime.  Write  today  for  FrecLaundry 
Recipes  and  30-Day  Free  T rialOflcr. 
DODGE  &  ZCILL,  224  E  Dillaye 
Building,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  or  Easy 
Washer  Co.,  Bruce  and  Dundas 
Streets.  Toronto,  Canada. 


CULTIVATE  OFTEN 


DAILY 

OUTPUT 

18,000 

BBLS 


YEARLY 

OUTPUT 

OVER 

E.500,000 


and  you  bold  the  moisture 
in  t lie  ground.  Cultivate 
shallow  or  deep  as  the  crop 
needs  it  and  you  release  tlio 
forgotten  or  unknown  soil 
properties  which  are  needed 
to  make  the  crop  grow  prop¬ 
erly.  We  have  been  tnakin 
farm  tools  for  75  years  an 
think  wc  have  aa  good  a  line 
of  Killing  Cultivators  oa  you 
need  to  choose  from. 


ALPHA 

PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  ft  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


- - - 

mm  RIDING  CULTIVATORS 

are  long  lived  machines — adjustable  for  rows  28  to  50 
inches,  while  in  motion — teeth  adjustable  for  depth  ana 
— pivot or  fixed  wheel, one  row  or  two— nigh  or  low 
wheels — work  well  on  hillsides — farm  close 
and  truel  A  complete  line.  Our  Anniver¬ 
sary  Catalog  will  ehow  you— also  potato 
machinery,  garden  wheel  hoes  and  drills, 
Idre 


etc 


Address 

P  'TEMAN  M’F’G  CO. 
Box  1027  GRFNLOCH.N.J. 


irn  Covmo  FOR  SAIjE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
|v)U  r dllllS  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
ami  map  free.  Horace  G.  Keeper,  Newtown,  Fa. 


More  Sap 
More  Maple  Sugar 

w  —  You  get  every  drop  of  sap  your  trees  ' 
yield,  and  without  damage  or  inconvenience,  Dy 
using  scientific  sap  spouts— metal  spouts  that  ex- 

ClOther'rspouts  injure  the  trees,  waste  the  sap, 
freeze  up  and  sour. 

Post’s  &ved  Sap  Spouts 

The  Eureka  Patented  “Air  Trap”  prevents 
freezing  or  drying  up,  and  allows  constant  now 
from  even  the  outer  pores  ot  the  tree. 

And  will  yield  in  one  season  enough  extra  sap 
to  more  than  pay  their  cost.  Made  in  two  styles, 
3'i  inches  long.  Samples  of  each  5c.  bend  tor 
circular  and  price  list. 

C.  C.  Stelle,  Sole  M’f'r,  75  Fifth  Ave.,  Brooklyn.  N.  Y. 


____  a  it  I  II  n  A  P  P  F  D  To  Introduce  our  latest  large.  Excelsior 

SPECIAL  GRAND  U  F  ■  L  n  TEL.EHUOPE^vit^S^larJEye-Piece. 


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with  a  Solar 
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ho  Id  for  I  css  than 
$8  to  810. 


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NEEDED  O *  * J,EAi° *p< ?stt IVFL Y 

BY  illAIli  INfeLltED  81.‘-40. 

such  a  good  telescope  was  never  Bold  for  this 
price  before.  These  Telescopes  are  made  by  one 
of  the  largest  manufacturers  of  Europe ,  measure 
closed  12  inches  and  open  over _  3  H  feet  In  5 
sections.  They  are  BRASS  BOUND,  BRAbb 


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Spots  on 
the  Sun 
-with  this 
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DOLLAR  SPECIALTY  co..  Dept-  R.  N  Y.,  90  cnam»ers  OT.I 


1911. 

CHANGING  A  PENNSYLVANIA  ROTATION. 

E.  G.,  Sunbury,  Pa. — The  general  run  of 
rotation  farming  in  this  neighborhood  is  as 
follows :  Say  we  start  from  hay  that  is 

left  for  two  years  following  wheat  or  rye; 
after  two  years  the  sod  is  plowed  down 
for  corn.  This  sod  is  poor ;  when  hay  is 
cut  short  there  is  mighty  little  left  to 
plow  down,  especially  on  poor  ground. 
After  corn  oats,  after  oats  wheat,  with  hay 
again.  This  is  the  rotation  around  here, 
and  I  am  not  satisfied  with  it,  though  1 
only  have  three  years  experience  in  farm¬ 
ing.  I  have  been  studying  how  to  im¬ 
prove  my  place  as  quickly  as  possible,  as 
my  ground  is  poor,  and  in  the  way  they 
do  here  it  would  take  me  till  Columbus 
day  again  till  I’d  get  my  place  improved. 
This  is  the  idea  that  I  got  and  would 
like  your  advice  on  it:  Starting  the  ro¬ 
tation  from  hay  same  as  above,  plow  the 
sod  down  early  after  hay  is  made  for 
wheat,  not  sow  grass  or  anything  an 
with  wheat;  then  after  wheat  is  off  the 
field  (we  have  wheat  fields  cleared  always 
by  July  15,  hay  made  before  wheat  cut¬ 
ting)  I  would  like  to  go  in  with  drill 
and  sow  something  "for  a  plow-down  crop 
for  corn.  What'  would  you  recommend  as 
best?  It  would  have  three  months  to  grow 
before  frost;  then  plow  down  for  corn. 
This  way  you  see  I  get  a  heavier  crop  to 
turn  under.  There  is  no  chance  to  get  a 
good  plow-down  crop  unless  by  missing  a 
crop  this  way.  I  figure  to  get  same  crops 
and  have  good  sod  to  turn  under  to  im¬ 
prove  the  soil.  I  cannot  afford  to  miss 
any.  After  corn  put  oats  in,  and  sow  Tim¬ 
othy  and  clover  for  hay.  The  Timothy 
and  clover  does  better  here  sown  in  Spring 
oni  s°ft  freshly  plowed  ground  than  it 
does,  sowing  the  clover  in  wheat  in  Spring, 
for.  wheat  ground  is  hard  in  Spring,  an* 
never  takes  well.  It  has  been  tried  in 
oats  and  proved  better  than  sowing  in 
wheat,  both  Timothy  and  clover  sown  in 
oats.  I  would  also  like  to  sow  something 
in  the  corn  after  last  cultivation  for  an¬ 
other  crop  to  turn  under.  You  see  I  am 
very  anxious  to  improve  my  soil  as  quickly 
as  possible.  Help  me  on  a  suggestion  of 
something  good  to  plow  down ;  I  would 
like  to  got  the  best  to  make  the  most 
manure  and  also  something  for  corn. 

R.  N.-Y. — We  would  like  this  dis¬ 
cussed  by  Pennsylvania  farmers  who 
know  the  locality  and  conditions.  The 
plan  of  keeping  the  soil  covered  is  a 
good  one.  Of  course  it  will  be  necessary 
to  work  up  the  wheat  stubble  in  order 
to  start  a  new  crop.  We  have  seeded 
a  mixture  of  Crimson  clover.  Cow-horn 
turnips  and  rye  all  put  in  together.  This 
made  a  good  growth.  With  us  the  tur¬ 
nips  grow  until  December.  The  clover 
grows  until  the  ground  freezes  and 
about  three  times  in  10  is  killed  out  in 
March,  but  the  rye  keeps  growing  and 
makes  a  heavy  growth  to  turn  under. 
Hairy  vetch  is  another  crop  giving  great 
results  in  many  sections.  A  combina¬ 
tion  of  vetch  seed  and  rye  would  be  a 
sure  crop,  and  even  if  the  vetch  were 
killed  out  the  rye  will  live  over  and  give 
a  good  growth.  You  could  also  drill  in 
cow  peas  or  Soy  beans  after  the  wheat. 
Put  them  in  drills.,  and  cultivate,  and 
when  the  vines  get  large  sow  rye  all 
over  the  field  and  work  the  seed  in. 
When  the  beans  or  peas  are  killed  by 
frost  the  rye  will  grow  on.  For  sowing 
in  the  corn  we  should  use  the  combina¬ 
tion  of  vetch  and  rye  or  of  Crimson 
clover,  rye  and  turnips.  You  will  get  on 
faster  by  using  a  fair  amount  of  fer¬ 
tilizer  on  the  wheat  and  grass. 


THtf  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


to  apply  what  is  now  known  regarding 
the  principles  of  breeding,  perhaps  we 
can  produce  choice  stock  wholesale,  but 
most  of  us  fall  down  when  we  try  it. 

After  several  years’  experience,  how¬ 
ever,  I  did  succeed  in  working  out  a 
method  of  selection  that  certainly  de¬ 
livered  the  goods.  It  is  based  on  an 
understanding  of  some  biological  pro¬ 
cesses  that  are  a  bit  complicated  to  take 
up  here,  but  the  sum  and  substance  of 
it  all  is  that  the  rate  of  growth  during 
the  early  part  of  a  chicken’s  life  is  a 
precise  indicator  of  its  constitutional 
vigor,  others  things  being  equal.  Stated 
the  other  way  around,  constitutional 
vigor  is  indicated  by  a  high  rate  of 
growth.  Rate  of  growth  and  size  are 
two  very  different  things.  Two  birds 
may  be  of  the  same  size  and  look  prac¬ 
tically,  alike,  yet  there  may  be  several 
weeks’  difference  in  their  ages.  The 
younger  would  be  a  profit  payer  through 
thick  and  thin,  the  older  one  a  boarder. 
Age  must  be  taken  into  consideration  in 
making  really  wise  selections,  for  that 
alone  will  often  separate  the  good  from 
the  bad.  Ten  weeks  is  the  age  at  which 
I  prefer  to  cull  the  stock  first.  A 
Plymouth  Rock  pullet  should  be  nicely 
feathered  by  that  time,  and  weigh  about 
1  Ya  pound,  while  a  good  cockerel  should 
reach  two  pounds.  It  is  my  practice  to 
put  leg  bands  on  everything  that  passes 
inspection  at  that  time,  and  then  as  the 
season  passes,  everything  without  a  band 
is  sold  the  day  it  reaches  marketable  size. 
It  only  takes  a  minute  to  "toe-mark’’  the 
chicks  when  first  hatched,  and  record  the 
date  in  a  note  hook.  Any  pullet  that 
shows  a  high  rate  of  growth  in  the  be¬ 
ginning,  will  lav  all  right  after  she  ma¬ 
tures.  It  won’t  make  a  particle  of  dif¬ 
ference  whether  there  are  any  200-egg 
hens  on  her  family  tree  or  not.  The 
capacity  for  turning  feed  into  eggs  is 
right  there  ready  to  do  business.  But 
if  you  are  not  careful,  so  much  vitality 
will  go  into  the  December  and  January 
eggs  that  there  won’t  be  much  left  by 
March  or  April.  c.  m.  gallup. 

Maine. 


ios 


Gas-Ligpht 
Stoim© 


About  the  Salvia. — The  last  Summer  I 
decided  to  see  what  I  coy  Id  do  in  the  cul¬ 
tivation  of  the  Salvia  or  Scarlet  sage  iu 
the  way  of  a  lawn  border,  and  see  if  they 
could  not  he  made  to  attain  very  large 
proportions,  and  a  more  liberal  profusion 
of  those  brilliant  scarlet  flower  spikes.  The 
long  bed  was  prepared  and  made  only 
moderately  rich  with  cow  stable  manure,  hut 
a  most  liberal  application  was  made  of 
acid  phosphate.  In  the  proper  time  some 
line  plants  were  set,  and  during  the  long 
drought  that  ensued,  they  were  kept  abun¬ 
dantly  watered.  They  grew  to  great  size, 
many  of  them  being  quite  four  feet  in 
height,  and  one  54  inches,  the  latter  with 
a  spread  of  50  inches.  They  blossomed  in 
wonderful  profusion,  some  of  the  plants 
having  50  flower  stems  at  one  time.  Tow¬ 
ards  the  last  of  October  the  night  got 
frosty,  and  I  resolved  to  keep  them — some 
at  least— rStill  longer.  The  afternoon  be¬ 
fore  the  big  early  freeze,  I  t»ok  up  in¬ 
dividual  plants  with  little  disturbing  of 
roots,  placing  them  in  14-quart  pails,  making 
the  soil  again  firm,  and  put  four  of  the 
finest  into  the  living  rooms  of  the  house, 
and  the  “two  giants”  were  taken  into  the 
furnace  room  in  the  basement,  and  set  be¬ 
fore  a  south  window.  Thev  were  all 
watered  every  other  day,  and’ to  mv  sur¬ 
prise,  they  never  drooped,  or  wilted,  and 
those  in  the  living  room  of  the -house  lived 
for  more  than  2<>  days  before  the  leaves 
and  blossoms  began  to  fall.  The  two  in 
the  basement  are  still  as  bright  and  fresh 
as  ever,  putting  out  new  flower  spikes,  and 
promise  possibly  another  five  weeks  of  fur¬ 
nace-room  life,  the  reason  being  that  thev 
are  living  in  a  lower  temperature  than  the 
others.  joii.x  could 

Ohio. 


CRUSHED  STONE 


SELECTING  THE  LAYING  HENS. 

Some  of  the  R.-N.-Y.  family  seem  to 
think  that  W.  J.  Dougan  must  have  had 
exceptional  hens  to  bring  in  a  gross  in¬ 
come  of  $9  apiece,  but  it  tallies  very 
closely  with  my  own  experience.  Start¬ 
ing  the  breeding  season  of  1905  with 
44  Barred  Plymouth  Rock  pullets,  I 
made  them  produce  eggs  and  chicks  that 
sold  at  market  rates  for  a  little  over 
$400.  I  have  not  the  figures  by  me  at 
this  time,  but  as  I  recall,  the  profit  (as 
ff  is  customarily  reckoned)  was  $273 
from  the  44  birds.  Mr.  Dougan  tells 
a  large  part  of  the  story  when  he  says 

;  tI,mk  the  onV  secret  is  in  the  selec- 
t>on,  as  I  find  only  about  one  in  five 
worth  the  trouble  of  keeping.”  This 
again  tallies  with  my  figures,  for  I  have 
jad  to  hatch  a  thousand  chicks  to  have 
0  pullets  really  worth  putting  into 
"  inter  quarters.  When  we  have  learned 


TWENTY  years  ago  the  oil  lamp  had 
already  been  driven  out  of  the  city 
into  the  country  home  where  gas 
could  not  follow — so  we  thought. 

In  those  days  we  would  have  laughed 
at  the  idea  of  a  country  home  ligated 
with  gaslight. 

But  like  the  telephone  and  free  mail 
delivery  gaslight  has  finally  left  the  city 
to  become  a  common  rural  convenience. 

In  the  year  1911,  the  up-to-date  vil¬ 
lager  or  farmer  not  only  lives  in  a  gas- 
lighted  house,  same  as  his  city  cousin,  but 
when  he  drives  home  on  a  cold,  wet  night 
he  actually  lights 
up  his  barn,  his 
barnyard  or  porch¬ 
es  on  his  house 
with  this  gas-light 
by  simply  turning 
an  “ignition  ”  but¬ 
ton  on  a  post  or 
wall. 

*  *  * 

And  this  change 
seems  quite  like 
magic  when  you 
consider  that  this 
rural  gaslight  is 
home-made —  made 
by  the  family  it¬ 
self  right  on  the 
premises. 

Take  fifteen  min¬ 
utes  once  a  month 
to  make  all  that  can  be  used  in  a  large 
house. 

The  magic  is  all  in  the  curious  manu¬ 
factured  stone  known  commercially  as 
“Union  Carbide.” 

This  wonderful  gas  producing  sub¬ 
stance,  “Union  Carbide,”  looks  and 
feels  just  like  crushed  granite.  For 
country  home  use  it  is  packed  and 
shipped  from  warehouses  located  all  over 
the  United  States  in  sheet  steel  cans  con¬ 
taining  100  pounds. 

Union  Carbide  won’t  burn,  can’t  ex¬ 
plode,  and  will  keep  in  the  original 
package  for  years  in  any  climate.  '  For 
this  reason  it  is  safer  to  handle  and 

store  about  the  premises  than  coal. 

*  *  * 

All  that  is  necessary  to  make  “Union 
Carbide”  give  up  its  gas  is  to  mix  it 
with  plain  water — the  gas,  which  is  then 
instantly  generated,  is 
genuine  Acetylene. 

When  piped  to 
handsome  brass  chan¬ 
deliers  and  fixtures 
Acetylene  burns  with 
an  intensely  brilliant, 
stiff  flame,  that  the 
wind  can’t  affect. 

This  flame  makes 
light  so  white  in  color  that  it  is  com¬ 
monly  called  “Artificial  Sunlight.” 
Experiments  conducted  by  Cornell 


University  have  proven  that  it  will  grow 
plants  the  same  as  sunlight  itself. 

Physicians  recommend  Acetylene  as  a 
germicide  and  a  remedy  for  eyestrain, 
and  it  is  used  as  an  illuminant  in  fifty- 
four  hospitals  in  New  York  City  alone. 

Then,  too,  Acetylene  is  so  pure  that 
you  might  blow  out  the  light  and  sleep 
all  night  in  a  room  with  the  burner  open 
without  any  injurious  effects  whatever. 

On  account  of  its  being  burned  in  per¬ 
manent  brass  fixtures  attached  to  walls 
and  ceilings,  Acetylene  is  much  safer 
than  smoky,  smelly  oil  lamps,  which  can 
easily  be  tipped  over. 

For  this  reason  the  Engineers  of  the 
National  Board  of  Insurance  Under¬ 
writers  called  Acetylene  safer  than  any 
illuminant  it  commonly  displaces. 

In  addition  to  all  these  advantages, 
Acetylene  light  is  inexpensive. 

An  Acetylene  light  of  24-candle  power 
costs  only  about  4  cents  for  ten  hours  ’ 
lighting,  while  for  the  same  number  of 
hours  regular  oil  lamps  of  equal  volume 
cost  about  6  cents  in  kerosene,  chimneys 
and  wicks  on  the  average. 

*  *  *  ■  ’ 

Consider  this  carefully  and  you  will 
hardly  wonder  at  the  fact  that  there  are 
today  no  less  than  185,000  town  and 
country  homes  lighted  with  home-made 
Acetylene,  made  from  “Union  Carbide.” 

Once  a  month  some  member  of  the 
family  must  dump  a  few  pounds  of 
Union  Carbide  iu  a  small  tank-like  ma¬ 
chine,  which  usually  sets  in  one  corner  of 
the  basement. 

This  little  tank-like  machine  is  auto¬ 
matic — it  does  all  the  work — it  makes  no 
gas  until  the  burners  are  lighted  and 
stops  making  gas  when  the  burners  are 
shut  off. 

The  lights  located  in  every  room  in 
your  house,  on  your  porches,  in  your  horse 
and  cow  barns,  or  barnyards  and  chicken 
yards  if  you  like,  will  all  be  ready  to  turn 
on  with  a  twist  of  the  wrist  or  a  touch 
of  the  button  at  any  time  of  the  day  or 
night. 

No  city  home  can  be  as  brilliantly  or 
as  beautifully  illuminated  as  any  one  of 
these  185,000  homes  now  using  Acetylene. 

#  #  w 

If  you  want  to  be  up-to-date,  enjoy 
modern  conveniences, 
and  keep  the  young 
^\Vl’  folks  at  home,  write 

us  how  many  rooms 
and  buildings  you 
have.  We  will  send 
you  free  an  intensely 
interesting  lot  of 
facts,  figures  and 
booklets.  f 

Just  address  Union  Carbide  Sales 
Company,  157  Michigan  Ave.,  Chicago 
Ill.  Dept.  A. —  38. 


1«« 


THE  KURAI>  NEW-YORKER 


February  11, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


FLORIDA  NOTES.  NO.  1. 

'•Happy  Days.” — I  am  told  that  a  mild 
blizzard  with  cold  and  snow  is  raging 
throughout  the  North.  The  report  may  be 
true,  but  it  seems  like  a  far-off  nightmare 
lying  here  under  the  Florida  pines.  1  he 
sun  is  hot,  and  I  have  taken  off  my  coat 
for  comfort.*  There  is  not  a  cloud  in  the 
sky.  If  I  felt  that  it  was  worth  while  to 
hunt  for  a  thermometer  I  should  expect  to 
find  it  registering  about  ‘JO  degrees.  The 
calendar  seems  wrong  some  way,  for  it  sob 
emnly  asserts  that  this  is  January  Jo- 
Over  the  fence  among  the  orange  trees  the 
children  are  digging  in  the  sand  wearing 
clothes  that  would  seem  warm  in  a  New 
Jersey  June.  There  is  just  enough  breeze 
to  ripple  the  surface  of  the  lake.  An  old 
man  walks  slowly  along  the  road,  and  a 
group  of  women  and  girls  dressed  in  white 
are  coming  out  of  the  village  store.  I 
might  perhaps  go  on  and  sketch  an  outline 
picture  of  this  part  of  Florida  so  that  you 
could  see  the  stretches  of  pine,  the  roads 
"paved”  with  pine  needles,  the  trees  hang¬ 
ing  with  gray  Southern  moss,  the  green 
orange  trees  covered  with  golden  fruit, 
and  the  white  sandy  soil,  hot  and  dry, 
stretching  away  in  little  ridges  between 
which  lie  little  ponds  or  lakes  where  the 
water  has  run  into  the  hollows.  All  this 
can  be  pictured,  but  no  one  can  put  on 
paper  the  dream  and  balm  of  nuud  which 
comes  stealing  upon  you  when  you  once 
get  south  of  Jacksonville.  Again  and 
again  the  weary  and  worn  have  gone  sailing 
up  the  St.  John’s  River  in  the  Fall,  sick, 
tired  and  despondent,  to  come  back  in 
April  full  of  nerve  and  battle — carrying 
something  from  this  Florida  air  which  1 
cannot  describe.  The  Spaniards,  the  I  rench, 
and  the  English  fought  for  this  country, 
and  spent  princely  fortunes  in  order  to 
hold  it.  Cape  Cod  is  a  sandy  spit  of  soil 
thrown  up  by  the  sea  just  as  Florida  was. 
Florida  has  every  advantage  of  soil  and 
water  and  climate.  It  would  seem  as  if 
nature  had  blessed  the  southern  sand  spit 
and  cursed  Cape  Cod,  yet  as  I  lie  stretched 
out  under  the  pines  in  January  I  hud  iuj- 
self  comparing  the  work  of  the  two  sec¬ 
tions  in  history,  and  the  enduring^  record 
which  the  men  from  frozen  Cape  Cod  and 
siinnv  Florida  have  written  upon  this  con¬ 
tinent,  I  think  the  future  may  tell  a 
different  story.  Much  of  what  we  call 
worthless  desert  to-day  in  former  centuiies 
provided  bread  for  the  world.  \Mien  sup¬ 
plied  with  water  the  dry  sand  responded 
as  by  magic.  Pour  water  upon  this  Honda 
soil  at  the  right  time  and  it  always  re¬ 
sponds.  Nature  holds  water,  in  those  lakes 
and  ponds,  and  the  water  level  is  easily 
reached.  I  think  the  coming  Florida  farmer 
will  learn  how  to  water  a  few  acres  and 
make  them  support  him.  But  I  am  ahead 
of  my  story. 

The  Si*ot. — Let;  it  be  understood  that 
what  1  have  to  say  in  these  papers  applies 
only  to  a  small  section  in  the  southern 
part  of  Putnam  Co.,  Florida.  I  will  dis¬ 
arm  criticism  to  begin  with  by  saying  that 
I  came  and  stayed  right  in  this  spot, 
am  not  prepared  to  give  information  about 
Marion  Co.  cattle  raising,  celery  growing 
at  Sanford,  or  truck  and  fruit  in  Dade 
Co.  I  came  here  to  see  the  Hope  Farmers 
and  get  rested.  I  hope  to  see  the  other 
sections  later,  but  this  report  is  from  one 
small  section,  and  does  not  represent  the 
entire  State.  I  am  still  convinced  that 
the  best  wav  to  start  for  Florida  is  to 
carry  the  price  in  your  pocket.  Several 
young  men  that  we  know  have  gone  farther 
south  than  this  point,  and  found  good 
work  at  orange  packing.  Right  here  there 
Is  nothing  a  workman  could  get  to  do. 
It  seems  to  be  settled  that,  here,  at  least, 
it  would  be  folly  to  try  gardening  or 
Winter  trucking  unless  one  lias  an  irrigat¬ 
ing  outfit  and  can  have  water  at  comnirnd. 
The  Winters  are  dry  and  in  this  bright 
sunshine,  crops  must  have  an  abundance  of 
water.  As  most  of  you  know,  the  Hope 
Farmers  left  New  Jersey  about  December  1. 
Including  the  three  little  ones  that  I 
brought  from  Alabama  there  are  10  young 
folks.  There  were  six  adults  in  the  party, 
and  Uncle  Ed  and  Aunt  Patience  live  with 
us  Then  when  I  came  there  were  live 
hoarders,  but  they  were  so  much  like  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  family  that  you  could  hardly 
separate  them.  When  I  got  off  the  cars 
most  of  this  outfit  and  a  good  share  of  the 
rest  of  the  population  were  lined  up  as  a 
reception  committee.  It  seemed  good  to 
see  them  all  again.  There  are  three  little 
red-heads  now  to  divide  attention.  Dinner 
was  soon  ready  and  I  was  ready  for  it,  for 
I  got  off  one  train  at  Jacksonville  and  got 
on  another  without  any  breakfast.  Even 
the  Florida  air  will  not  fill  such  an  aching 
void  as  an  empty  stomach.  It  is  something 
of  a  job  to  feed  23  people,  but  our  folks 
have  the  game  pretty  well  in  hand.  A 
number  of  Uncle  Ed’s  chickens  had  walked 
into  the  pot.  Mother  was  master  of  cere¬ 
monies.  She  put  on  a  large  white  apron 
and  served  up  the  chickens  while  the  two 
boys  with  jacket  and  apron  acted  as  wait¬ 
ers.  W©  had  potatoes,  stewed  corn,  onions 
from  the  garden  and  Aunt  Patience  had 
made  some  pumpkin  pies  that  would  have 
flattened  your  troubles  into  squash.  As 
for  oranges  and  grape  fruit,  all  you  had 
to  do  was  walk  out  to  a  tree  and  pick 
what  you  wanted.  The  doors  and  windows 
were  wide  open  and  the  warm  January 
sun  streamed  in,  and  above  the  water  tank 
at  the  highest  point  the  flag  was  out  in  the 
breeze.  Some  of  these  critical  tourists  who 
aim  to  get  more  than  their  money’s  worth 
might  have  thought  there  was  not  quite 
style  enough— though  the  boys  did  their  best, 
but  our  folks  testified  by  appetite  that  the 
dinner  was  a  success— all  hut  the  milk. 
Mother  put  on  a  wry  face  as  she  turned  to 
milk  a  ‘‘tin  heifer.”  What  I  want  is  a 
row  ”  she  said,  and  as  I  had  come  down 
for  a  cheerful  and  useful  job,  1  decided 
right  there  to  investigate  the  Florida  cow 
industry  first  of  all.  There  was  an¬ 
other  want,  for  in  spite  of  the  abundance 
of  oranges,  the  little  people  pleased  me  by 
asking : 

“Kin  1  have  a  ’n’ applet” 

That’s  encouraging  and  later  I  was  able 
to  buy  some  second-class  York  Imperials  at 
75  cents  a  peck.  IIow  the  children  did 
gnaw  them ! 


The  Cow  Question. —  I  found  that  in 
this  little  place  of  about  150  people  there 
was  one  cow— that  one  nearly  dry.  Our 
folks  had  been  able  to  buy  about  three  pints 
of  milk  per  day,  and  the  baby  took  one 
quart  of  that.  This  milk  cost  10  cents 
a  quart,  and  was  nearly  guiltless  of  cream. 
The  people  were  using  condensed  milk  or 
going  without.  All  through  the  woods  around 
the  place  were  little  droves  or  bunches  of 
woods  cattle — small  runts,  mostly  horn, 
neck,  tail  and  legs.  The  cows  give  hardly 
enough  milk  to  raise  a  little  rat  of  a 
calf,  and  a  man  would  take  his  life  in  his 
hands  to  try  to  catch  and  milk  one  of 
these  rangers.  There  may  be  those  who 

like  to  mix  condensed  milk  in  water  and 
call  it  the  real  article.  I  do  not,  and 
it  seems  a  shame  to  try  to  raise  children 
without  good  milk.  So,  after  a  night’s  rest 
we  started  cow  hunting.  Uncle  Ed.  had 
already  traveled  some  50  miles  in  a  fruitless 
search  and  had  a  few  more  trails  to  follow 
up.  The  most  promising  clue  he  reported 
was  a  clergyman,  who  claimed  to  have  “a 
gallon  and  a  half  cow.”  This  man  had 
refused  to  talk  business  on  Sunday.  Surely 
here  was  a  man  to  be  patronized  first  of  all, 
and  his  cow  must  be  a  good  one.  Down 
in  this  country  they  do  not  estimate  a 
cow’s  value  by  the  pounds  of  milk  she  will 
give  or  the  per  cent,  of  butter  fat.  She 
is  a  “three-gallon  cow”  or  a“  two-gallon 
or  whatever  they  claim.  I  never  did  expect 
to  see  a  gallon  shrink  to  a  quart  or  a 
pint  as  rapidly  as  it  does  here,  when  you 
actually  put  real  milk  into  it— not  until  I 
milked' a  Florida  cow.  But  a  clergymans 
gallon  must  be  like  his  cow  and  so  I  went 
after  him  first. 

A  Cow  Hunt. — Frank,  the  bob-tailed 
horse,  looked  a  little  weatherbeaten  but 
still  in  the  ring  as  he  started  along  the 
road  for  the  clergyman's  cow.  He  still  had 
on  the  shoes  which  were  needed  in  New 
Jersey.  They  were  polished  smooth  in  the 
'Florida  sand,  so  that  the  old  horse  could 
hardlv  get  a  footing.  We  pulled  these  shoes 
off  at  once  and  he  went  much  better  bare¬ 
footed.  You  people  who  talk  wisely  about 
"good  roads”  ought  to  come  to  Florida  and 
pull  a  few  loads  over  the  road  we  followed. 
Within  the  town  limits  and  for  some  space 
outside  a  layer  of  dry  pine  needles  about 
three  inches  thick  had  been  put  on  the 
road.  This  is  now  loose  and  open,  but  after 
a  heavy  rain  it  will  pack  down  solid  and 
firm.  When  we  got  away  from  this  “pave¬ 
ment”  we  struck  deep  sand,  with  here  and 
there  a  stretch  of  low  flat  land  much  like 
our  northern  swamps.  Through  these  low 
places  usually  ran  lazy  little  streams  with 
no  dash,  or  sparkle  like  a  brook  in  the  hill 
country,  but  with  a  brown  colored  liquid — 
which  seemed  to  he  the  leachings  from  the 
pine  needles. 

During  a  drive  of  some  five  miles  wo 
passed  11  deserted  houses.  In  fact  there 
were  but  three  houses  at  present  occupied. 
Many  of  these  houses  must  have  cost 
originally  at  least  $5,000— one  at  least 
could  hardly  be  duplicated  for  $10,000. 
There  thev  stood,  lonely  and  desolate — with 
barns  falling  in  decay  and  fences  down. 
Around  each  one  could  be  seen  the  ruins 
of  an  orange  grove.  Here  and  there  some 
hardy  sprout  from  an  old  stump  had  sur¬ 
vived  and  now  carried  a  few  oranges,  but 
most  that  remained  were  dead  stumps  or 
blackened  sprouts.  Twenty  years  ago  this 
was  a  thoroughly  prosperous  section. 
Oranges  brought  good  prices  and  crops  were 
fair.  A  good  grove  was  easily  worth  $1,000 
per  acre  and  readily  salable  at  that.  Men 
who  thought  themselves  long-headed  and 
shrewd  bought  this  land,  planted,  as  they 
thought,  permanently,  and  built  homes  that 
were  to  endure.  Then,  all  of  a  sudden, 
came  the  great  freeze,  and  in  48  hours 
prosperity  and  hope  were  changed  to  deso¬ 
lation.  The  trees  were  killed  to  the  ground. 
Much  of  this  property-  had  been  bought  and 
developed  with  borrowed  money.  A  few 
stout  hearts  located  near  the  lakes  or  the 
railroads,  worked  at  the  groves,  sawed  off 
the  frozen  wood,  and  either  budded  the 
sprouts  which  came  up  or  left  the  best  of 
them  to  grow  into  a  bush  form  of  tree. 
They  have  endured  through  several  lighter 
freezes  and  are  still  shipping  oranges  and 
grape  fruit,  though  into  a  poorer  and  fail¬ 
ing  market.  Away  from  the  lakes,  along 
such  roads  as  that  which  led  to  the  clergy¬ 
man’s  cow,  the  groves  were  mostly  aban¬ 
doned,  and  with  them  went  what  was 
thought  to  be  the  only  way  of  making  a 
living  in  this  country. 

I  wish  I  could  take  a  company  of  the 
poor  dupes  who  put  up  their  money  on 
“booms”  and  Florida  speculations  through 
this  section  as  night  is  coming  on.  I  can 
think  of  nothing  more  fittingly  described 
as  "God-forsaken”  than  a  region  of  aban¬ 
doned  farm  homes  from  which  no  lights 
shine  at  night.  If  a  man  felt  his  money 
burning  in  his  pocket  for  a  _  land  invest¬ 
ment  this  sight  would  cool  it  off,  yet  I 
believe  to-day  that  these  level  fields  could 
still  be  made  profitable  at  stock  raising  if 
a  man  had  the  capital  to  start  and  carry 
him  along  until  he  learned  how  and  got  ac¬ 
quainted  with  the  Florida  climate.  The 
failure  of  the  orarnge  crop  put  a  curse  on 
this  country,  yet  I  firmly  believe  that  some 
day  northern  Florida  will  find  herself  with 
new  crops  and  products  and  make  good. 
Take  it  from  me  once  more,  however,  that 
the  man  most  likely  to  be  happy  in  Florida 
is  he  who  goes  there  with  the  price  in  his 
pocket  and  the  cost  of  a  return  ticket  salted 
somewhere  against  a  time  ol  need.  lie  may 
not  need  it  at  all,  but  it  is  better  to  have 
it.  1  ought  to  add,  and  it  will  appear  later, 
that  this  particular  road  over  which  we 
travelled  is  not  typical,  but  worse  than 
most  others. 

But  I  am  getting  away  from  the  clergy¬ 
man's  cow.  After  much  turning  and  twist¬ 
ing  around  corners  and  asking  the  way  we 
learned  where  our  reverend  friend  lived. 
All  along  the  sandy  road  we  had  pleasant 
reports  of  that  cow.  She  was.  reported  as 
"white  and  black”  and  giving  “  a  gallon 
and  a  half.”  Visions  of  some  fine  Holstein 
rose  before  me,  but  Uncle  Ed  somehow 
was  not  so  enthusiastic.  We  finally  came 
to  the  end  of  our  road  to  find  a  small 
house  and  barn  surrounded  by  a  barbed 
wire  fence.  Three  dogs  ran  out  to  meet  us 
and  a  Rhode  Island  Red  rooster  left  his 
family  to  come  up  for  a  closer  view.  Uncle 
Ed  is*  wise  to  Florida  ways,  and  he  did  not 
get  out  of  the  wagon  among  those  dogs. 
We  called,  but  the  clergyman  was  not  at 
home.  It  seems  he  is  a  “bach.”  living 
alone — no  doubt  his  church  is  off  in  the 
woods.  In  a  little  pasture  back  of  the 
house  stood  the  cow.  h.  w.  c 


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Chicago 


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1911 


167 


Ruralisms 

CULTURE  OF  THE  MANGO. 

At  Miami,  Fla.,  The  R.  N.-Y.  has  a 
goodly  number  of  friends  and  subscrib¬ 
ers,  some  of  whom  have  given  special 
attention  to  growing  the  named  sorts  of 
the  avocado,  Persea  gratissima,  com¬ 
monly  known  as  alligator  pear,  and  the 
mango,  Mangifera  Indica.  The  avo¬ 
cado  and  mango,  in  the  semi-tropical 
parts  of  Florida,  form  distinctive  and 
attractive  features  of  the  landscape, 
growing  luxuriantly,  thickly  clad  with 
rich  foliage,  surmounted  with  great  bou¬ 
quets  of  blossoms  followed  by  abun¬ 
dant  fruit.  The  fruit  of  the  seedling 
mangos  are  all  readily  eaten  where 
grown,  notwithstanding  their  slight 
flavor  of  turpentine  and  their  stringiness. 
Every  seedling  mango  that  is  noticeably 
better  than  its  neighbors  is  promptly 
called  No.  11  in  the  fond  belief  that  it 
is  a  direct  descendant  of  the  original 
No.  11,  which  was  claimed  to  have  been 
raised  from  mangos  cast  ashore  by  the 
sea  in  a  box  marked  11.  It  is  candidly 
admitted  that  you  have  to  learn  to  like 
the  avocado,  though  occasionally  you 
may  meet  an  individual  like  young  Paul 
Rader  of  Miami,  who  ate  them  greedily 
from  babyhood  and  can  make  an  entire 
appetizing  meal  from  a  big  one  now 
that  he  has  attained  manhood,  but  for 
the  average  mortal  the  taste  must  be 
acquired,  and  so  also,  usually,  must  the 
taste  for  the  pomelo  and  the  tomato. 
We  are  told  the  way  to  acquire  a  liking 
for  the  avocado  quickly  is  to  tackle 
them  when  positively  hungry  and  unable 
to  get  anything  else  to  eat.  It  is  as  a 
food— a  constituent  of  salads — that  its 
extended  and  popular  use  is  advocated 
by  those  who  have  found  out  how  good 
and  very  valuable  the  avocado  is,  con¬ 
taining,  as  it  does,  so  large  a  proportion 
of  palatable  oil.  George  B.  Cellon,  the 
acknowledged  foremost  expert  in  the 
propagation  of  both  avocados  and  man¬ 
gos  by  budding,  places  the  avocado 
ahead  of  the  mango  on  account  of  its 
superior  food  value,  and  thinks  that  in 
urging  its  increased  production  he  is 
helping  to  supplement  the  food  supply  of 
the  world. 

On  the  island  opposite  Miami  Mr.  J. 

S.  Collins,  a  retired  New  Jersey  nursery¬ 
man,  owns  a  plantation  comprising  1,000 
acres,  containing  6,000  avocado  trees  of 
the  Frapp  variety.  The  surpassing 
value  of  this  sort  consists  in  its  “late¬ 
ness/  lasting  till  January,  and  hanging 
on  well,  long  after  all  other  sorts  are 
gone— bringing  big  prices  in  the  fancy 
fruit  markets  supplying  the  exclusive 
trade  in  the  great  cities.  The  writer 
hopes  to  see  Mr.  Collins’  immense  grove 
of  Trapp  avocados  when  it  becomes  es¬ 
tablished.  At  present  it  seems  to  be 
suffering  from  the  fierce  salt  breezes 
that  sweep  over  it,  being  so  near  the  sea. 

It  is  hoped  to  overcome  this  by  plant¬ 
ing  wind-breaks  of  the  imported  Aus¬ 
tralian  beefwood,  a  Casuarina,  but  ex¬ 
perience  at  Palm  Beach  and  elsewhere 
in  Florida  would  seem  to  indicate  that 
it  might  not  be  as  desirable  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  as  a  native  tree  most  abundant 
right  on  the  shores  of  Biscayne  Bay, 
the  Citharexylum  villosum  or  fiddle- 
wood,  which  is  exceedingly  tough,  and 
in  its  general  appearance  bearing  some 
resemblance  to  a  small-leafed  rubber 
tree. 

Flic  propagation  of  the  named  avoca¬ 
dos  is  still  limited  to  but  few  soils,  al¬ 
most  exclusively  the  Trapp,  Pollock  and 
Rico — the  Trapp  leading.  The  Pollock, 
a  fine  early  variety,  originated  at  Miami 
and  as  exhibited  by  E.  V.  Blackman  at 
the  Jamestown  Exposition  obtained  the 
gold  medal  prize.  The  fruit  exhibited 
was  grown  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Luther  S. 
Rader  of  Miami,  who  is  a  recognized 
expert  in  the  growing  of  tropical  fruits, 
living  produced  a  fine  seedling  avo- 
eado,  the  Rader,  which  in  quality 
equals  the  Pollock,  and  it  is  claimed 


the  rurai.  new-yorker 


excels  it  in  size  and  appearance.  Dr. 
Rader  on  his  place  has  also  fruited  some 
of  the  rarest  newly  imported  mangos. 

Wm.  E.  March  owns  the  oldest  and 
largest  fruiting  grove  of  the  finest 
named  mangos  in  the  United  States.  I 
was  treated  to  an  inspection  of  the  beau¬ 
tiful  large  trees  then  in  full  bloom.  It 
was  a  vision  of  surpassing  loveliness  not 
soon  to  be  forgotten.  The  large  fruiting 
trees  are  mostly  of  the  Mulgoba  variety 
of  mango,  although  Mr.  March  has 
other  sorts.  The  flavor  is  a  blending  of 
peach,  pineapple,  apricot  and  some  other 
indescribably  good  things,  and  each  fruit 
weighs  about  a  pound.  It  has  no  more 
fiber  than  a  peach  and  in  quality  is  as 
much  superior  to  the  ordinary  seedling 
mango  as  the  sweet  orange  is  to  the 
bitter.  John  B.  Beach  has  for  nearly 
20  years  made  a  specialty  of  the  mango, 
and  prefers  to  propagate  them  by  inarch¬ 
ing.  He  also,  in  addition  to  the  Mul¬ 
goba,  grows  several  other  tested  sorts, 
including  the  Sundersha,  good  five  to 
eight  weeks  after  the  others  are  gone. 
It  is  a  mistake  to  think  that  the  finest 
mango  cannot  be  safely  shipped  to  dis¬ 
tant  cities.  Mr.  March  has  had  them 
reach  Oregon  in  good  condition  and  Dr. 
Rader  has  seen  them  arrive  from  India 
at  the  leading  fruit  markets  of  Cincin¬ 
nati,  when  they  sold  at  $2  each.  The 
Mulgoba  usually  retails  at  25  cents  each 
in  Miami.  It  is  an  interesting  sight  to 
look  through  Mr.  Beach’s  shaded 
propagating  houses  containing  thousands 
of  inarched  mangos,  perched  on  shelves 
overhead  among  the  branches,  where 
they  are  watered  copiously  three  times 
each  day  by  iron  pipes  running  up 
through  the  trees,  carrying  the  city 
water.  It  is  only  necessary  to  turn  a 
faucet  below  and  they  arfe  instantly 
drenched.  j.  yates  peek. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  mango  is  being  suc¬ 
cessfully  grown  in  Porto  Rico,  and  large 
plantations  have  been  started  there. 


Bessie  :  “Up  to  our  house  we  got  a 
baby  that  jest  come  the  other  night.” 
Elsie  (disdainfully):  “Huh!  that’s 
nothing  stylish,  they’re  common  things; 
our  washerwoman’s  got  one  o’  them.” — 
Catholic  Standard  and  Times. 


This  Work  Shoe 
Wears  Like 
the  Hoofs  of 
a  Horse 

The  Haskin- 
Granger  Shoe 
is  strictly  a 
work  shoe  for 
farmers. 

The  uppers 
are  made  of  the  stoutest  leathers 
known  to  shoemakers,  genuine 
French  Kip,  oil-tanned  moose,  calf, 
etc.  The  outsoles  are  of  specially 
selected,  hemlock-tanned  steer’s 
hide,  pegged  to  equally  solid  leather 
insoles.  We  purposely  avoid  sewing 
on  our  soles.  The  best  linen  thread  in 
the  world  will  not  withstand  the  wet 
rotting  of  stable  refuse  and  manure. 
We  use.  brass  standard  screws  and 
old-fashioned  maple  pegs  that  shrink 
and  swell  with  the  leather  and 
always  keep  a  water-tight  bottom. 

The 

Haskin-Granger 

Shoe 

is  not  to  be  confused  with  the  ordi¬ 
nary  mail  order  shoe.  The  Haskin- 
Granger  shoe  is  made  in  our  own 
factory  under  expert  supervision. 

We  are  making  the  most  sensible 
and  serviceable  farm  shoe  in  the 
world.  We  are  selling  direct  to  the 
farmer  and  eliminating  all  middle 
profits.  We  stand  back  of  every  shoe 
we  make  and  guarantee  perfect  sat¬ 
isfaction  or  money  refunded. 

Write  Dept  A  for  illustrations  of 
leading  styles  with  full  descriptions 
and  prices. 

For  our  responsibility  refer  to  the 
Citizen's  Trust  Co., 
Utica,  N.  Y„  or  any 
bank  in  Utica. 

The  Haskin  Shoe 
Mfg.  Company 


Stittville 
New  York 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


No-money-in-advance,  no- 
bank -deposit.  Shipped 
direct  to  yon  at  dealer’s 
wholesale  prices.  Pay 
ns  oat  of  the  **  extra 
profit”  the  sprayer  earns. 

Horse  Power  Sprayer 

No  trees  too  high,  no  field  too  big  for  this  kin* 
orchards .vineyards,  potamSs* 
weed 8,  etc.  Wo  Iinnd  pumping  reouired _ works 

can  more  work  with 
this  machine  than  two  men  with  the  old  stvle 
sprayers.  It  saves  you  1  0 

labor,  time  and  money. 


Doubles 
Your 


Crop 


The  Man-Power  Sprayer 
Is  an  all-purpose  machine 

for  the  medium -sized - - 

growers,  cheap  in  price,  light,  strong  and  dur¬ 
able.  All  our  sprayers  are  GITA  It  ANTE  Ml  for 

—  - - FIVE  YEARS.  We  pay 

the  freight.  W rite  a  let¬ 
ter  or  card  to-day— and 
we’ll  send  you  Spraying 
Guide,  Catalogue  of  all- 
kinds-of-sprayere,  and 
Npec!iU-Free-8pr»yer  of¬ 
fer  for  first  In  each  Io- 
callty  this  season.  Don’t 
delay.  Write  now.  It 
means  money  to  you. 

H-  L  HURST  MFG.  COMPANY 

283  North  St..  Canton,  Ohio 


You  Can  Depend  on  These  Sprayers 

Don’t  waste  your  money  on  uncertain  sprayers-  the 
kind  that  are  often  out  of  order.  The 
largest  fruit  growers  use  the  “11  ardie” 
because  it’s  a  sprayer  with  the 
troubleioft  out. 

This  llardie  No 


2 1’owerSprayer 
has  loo  gal.tank, 
all  brass  pump, 
11  h.  p.  engine. 
Weight7folbs. 
i’ricc  $180.00. 


The 

Bardie  Sprayers 

are  made  in  25  different  sizes  and 
styles;  prices Sil.to  to  $050.  Our  cat¬ 
alogue  describes  these  sprayers, 
and  shows  you  the  best  way  to 
spray.  It’s  free.  Send  for  a  copy. 

THE  HAltDIE  M  FG.  CO. 

#42  Mechanic  St.,  Hudson,  Mich, 
also  49  No.  Front  8t. ,  Portland,  Ore, 


Hand  Outfit 


1911  DEYO  POWER  SPRAYERS 


IO  Years  of  Success 


“ONE  FOR  ALL,"  No.  I 

OCATH  TO  INSECTS  a  FUNGI  '* 

Barren,  425  lbs - - 05c.  per  l» 

‘4  Bbls..200lbs.  --  •  -  ' 

100  Ibs^.  ' 

50  lb9...,.j 
25  lbs„ 

r  o.  e 

Wool  Create,  Artenate  of  Lead,  LimrsSuIphui? 
Combined.  A  Contact  and  Poison  Spray.' 

,A ft  Insecticide  &  Fungicide. 

Only  Thing  Needed  for  all  Pests  or _  Fungua. 
WRITE  FOR  BOOKLET./  ~ 

MANHATTAN  OIL  COMPANY 

Established  1853 

SI  Front  Street!  Mew  York 


HARVEY  BOLSTER  SPRINQS 

.Soon  save  their  cost.  Make  every  wagon  a  spring 
j|  wagon,  therefore  fruit,  vegetables,  eggs,  etc., 

J  bring  morn  money.  Asic  for  special  proposition. 

J llarvey  Bprlag  Co.,  UG-lJthSt.,  Kaelne,  Wls. 


GUARANTEED 


SPRAY  ,hc  N.Y.  State  Fruit  Growers  Ass’ti 

|J'  ”**  1  i1  Vvtt.T,  pay  voir  to  imR  f.ithfr 

j* 

»•'  PASTE  OR  P0WDERED^^-<^^7. 

FOR  ALL  LEAF  EATING  INSECTS^^Vj 
RESPONSIBLE  DISTRIBUTERS moAGENTS  WANTED 

KEY  BRAND 

^  RIGHT  PRICE  and  MATE  P  I A 1 
V^FUNGICIOE  ANO  INSECTICIDE 

_ J  VHTfl  1 3rA 

interstate  CHEMICAL  CO.' 

14  BAYVIEW  AV E..JERSEY  CITY  N.J 

WRITg  FOR  PRICE5,CIRCULAR5  ETC.  CORRESPONDENCE  SOUCIT*Eo! 


FRIEND  FRUIT  GROWER :  Uncle  Sam  says 
you  must  spray.  Users  of  the  Deyo  are  relieved 
from  experimenting.  After  ton  years  of  service  the 
Deyo  is  still  giving  perfect  satisfaction.  Our  cus¬ 
tomers  are  our  reference,  ask  tho  user.  Wo  sell 
direct  to  you.  Deyo  pays  all  freights  to  Missis¬ 
sippi  Rivor  shipping  points.  Write  for  catalogue  19. 

DEYO-MACEY  ENGINE  C0„  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 

GET  THE  BEST 

A  Good  Spray  Pump  cams 
big  profits  and  lasts  for  years. 

THE  ECLIPSE 

is  a  good  pump.  As 
practical  fruit  grow¬ 
ers  we  were  using  common 
sprayers  in  our  own  orchards 
— found  their  defects  and 
invented  the  Eclipse.  Its 
success  forced  us  to  manu¬ 
facturing  on  a  larp2  scaie. 
You  take  no  chances.  We 
have  done  all  the  experi¬ 
menting.  Large  fully  illustrated  Catalog 
and  Treatise  on  spraying  FREE. 

MORRILL  &  MORLEY,  Benton  Harbor,  Mich. 

“KANT-KLOG”t<-#3  Spraying 
I  SPRAYERS#  A  GuideFree 

Something  New 

Gets  twice  the  results— 

with  same  labor  and  iluid.  * 

Flat  or  round,  fine  or  coarse  sprays 
from  same  nozzle.  Ten  styles.  For  — 
trees,  potatoes,  gardens,  whitewashing, 
etc.  Agents  Wanted,  Booklet  Free. 

Rochester  Spray  Pump  Co. 


JARVIS  SPRAYING  COMPOUND 

IS  THE  CHEAPEST  AND  BEST.  IT  HAS  NO  SUPERIOR. 

SURE  CURE  FOR  SAN  JOSE  SCALE. 

Buy  direct  from  tho  manufacturer  and  save  money 
Spraying  Compound  ready  to  mix  with  water.  One 
pllon  of  Spraying  compound  will  make  from  sixteen  to 
twenty  gallons  of  spray. 

Terms:— In  bbl.  lots  (50  gal.)  30c.  per  gal 

We  would  refer  you  to  J.  H.  Hale,  the  Peach  King,  or 
Prof.  Jarvis  of  tho  Connecticut  Agricultural  College. 
They  will  tell  you  there  is  nothing  better.  15 

THE  J.  T.  ROBERTSON  CO.,  BOX  R,  MANCHESTER,  CONN. 


HONEST! 

B.  G.  PKA.TT  COMPANY,  NO  CHURCH  ST..  N.  V.,  will  guaraM'e/toU^an^oVrtth 


Have  you  conquered  the 

SAN  JOSE  SCALE? 


,  —  ox,,  it.  wm  guarantee  that  it  can  b 

“SCALECIDE 

less  money,  with  less  labor  and  more  effpoHrraUr  -in,  n _ 


99 


,0r  S.T'lA.T"’,  le“  'f?,' and  m<,re  e,,“lltelY  «!»■>  with  Lime-Sulphur  or  anything  elnet 

ys  s£E  stst  «s 


Sure  and  Sudden 
Death  to  AH  Insect  Pests 

when  you  spray  with  the  stick-longest,  kill-quickest,  safest 
and  most  economical  of  all  insecticides — 

ELECTRO  Arsenate  of  Lead 

(in  Powdered  Form) 

It  is  the  only  dry  Arsenate  of  Lead  in  an  amorphous  (non-crystalline)  form,  hence 
the  only  one  that  mixes  instantly  with  water  in  such  a  finely  divided  state  that  every 
drop  of  spray  is  equally  strong  in  arsenic.  It  cannot  be  washed  off  by  rain.  Is  death 
to  insects  months  after  application,  yet  it  is  harmless  to  the  newest,  tenderest  foliage. 
Electro  is  guaranteed  to  contain  33%  arsenic  oxide,  or  50%  more  than  other  brands, 
as  proved  by  Connecticut  and  New  Jersey  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 
tests.  Write  us  for  them. 

If  your  dealer  can’t  supply  Electro,  don’t  accept  substitutes,  but  send  to 
us  for  prices  and  proofs  from  successful  fruit  growers.  We’ll  supply 
Electro  in  paste  form  if  you  prefer  it.  Use  Electro  Lima 
Sulphur  for  San  Jose  scale  and  sucking  insects. 

THE  VREELAND  CHEMICAL  CO. 
33  Church  Street,  New  York 


108 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER. 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes. 

Established  1850. 

PabUibed  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  Street,  Hew  York. 

Herbert  W.  Colung  wood,  President  and  Editor, 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Roylk,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR. 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  (2.04,  equal  to 
8s.  6d.,  or  8*2  marks,  or  10*2  francs.  Remit  in  money  order, 
express  order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  tlmr 
orders.  References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to 
us;  and  cash  trust  accompany  transient  orders. 

"A  SQUARE  DEAL.” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  Is  backed  by  a 
responsible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any 
loss  to  paid  subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler 
advertising  in  our  columns,  and  any  such  swindlerwill  be  publicly  ex¬ 
posed.  Weprotect  suberibers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee 
to  adjust  trifling  differences  between  subscribers  and  honest,  respon¬ 
sible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be  responsible  for  the  debts  of 
honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts.  Notice  of  the  complaint 
must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of  the  transaction, 
and  you  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker  when 
writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

Our  friend  Luther  Burbank  has  broken  out  once 
more.  Long  silence  seems  to  have  put  new  wings 
to  his  imagination.  This  time  it  is  spineless  cactus. 
Mr.  Burbank  says  he  has  specimens  which  are  like 
the  banana  in  quality,  and  which  produce  at  the  rate 
of  175,000  pounds  per  acre.  The  facts  are  that  some 
of  the  prickly  pear  fruits,  especially  those  from  Sicily, 
have  a  pleasant  fruity  flavor  somewhat  like  a  melon. 
The  quantity  of  pulp  is  small  and  there  is  great  waste. 
The  Mexicans  eat  them  and  the  experiment  stations 
in  the  Southwest  have  given  full  details.  Any  attempt 
to  compare  them  with  the  banana  is  absurd.  The 
statement  that  they  yield  175,000  pounds  to  the  acre 
is  Mr.  Burbank’s  highest  flight  in  “dream  talk”  and 
just  about  the  record  for  mathematical  “guff.”  We 
have  no  doubt,  however,  that  it  will  sell  “spineless 
cactus”  to  trusting  fools  who  ache  to  get  rid  of  their 
money. 

* 

North  Dakota  now  has  a  law  prohibiting  the  sale 
and  distribution  of  agricultural  seeds  containing 
seeds  of  quack  grass,  Canada  thistle,  sow  thistle  or 
dodder.  The  seeds  most  likely  to  contain  these  weed 
seeds  are  Brorne  grass,  Alfalfa  or  Canada  Blue  grass. 
These  will  be  carefully  sampled  and  examined.  Names 
of  firms  selling  such  seeds  will  be  printed,  and  in 
case  of  very  bad  specimens  such  firms  will  be  prose¬ 
cuted.  That  is  right.  Farmers  in  Dakota  are  spend¬ 
ing  thousands  of  dollars  for  sulphate  of  iron  to  be 
used  in  spraying  for  weed  killing.  They  are  making 
a  good  fight  to  kill  the  weeds,  but  that  will  amount 
to  little  if  such  weed  seeds  continue  to  be  imported 
in  grass  seed.  The  foul  stuff  which  some  seedsmen 
send  out  is  a  disgrace  to  the  trade.  Such  fellows 
ought  to  be  branded,  but  first  of  all  farmers  must 
learn  to  let  such  frauds  alone  and  refuse  to  buy 
poor  or  dirty  seed. 

* 

Could  not  the  bogus  commission  dealers  be  eliminated 
and  the  commission  business  be  put  on  a  reliable  basis 
by  the  Federal  or  State  Government  requiring  all  would- 
be  commission  merchants  to  take  out  a  license  and  give 
bonds,  and  a  list  of  such  be  filed  in  the  office  of  the 
town  clerk  in  each  town  where  it  could  be  consulted  by 
all  interested  parties?  J-  p-  w- 

North  Carolina. 

Yes,  the  business  could  be  put  on  a  reliable  basis 
in  this  way,  and  many  of  us  believe  that  it  is  about 
the  only  way  to  do  it.  State  governments  as  a  rule 
do  not  handle  such  things  effectively.  Again  and 
again  fakes  and  frauds  operate  under  State  charters 
or  State  protection  and  rob  the  public.  The  State 
jppears  to  be  too  feeble  to  handle  them,  and  they 
continue  their  robbery  until  the  Federal  government 
gets  after  them.  There  is  a  great  outcry  against 
giving  the  Federal  government  increased  powers,  but 
unless  State  governments  can  show  greater  courage 
such  increase  of  power  will  be  necessary. 

* 

The  Democrats  in  New  Jersey  and  New  York  met 
their  first  vital  test  in  the  selection  of  United  States 
Senator.  In  New  Jersey  they  stood  up  to  it  well.  At 
a  primary  election  James  E.  Martine  was  selected  as 
the  party  candidate.  When  it  was  found  that  the 
Legislature  was  Democratic  politicians  tried  to  re¬ 
pudiate  the  primary  and  have  the  Legislature  elect 
ex-Senator  Smith.  There  was  only  one  thing  to  do, 
and  that  was  to  make  the  voters  realize  what  it 
would  mean  if  the  principle  of  the  primary  election 
was  rejected.  The  people  saw  it  and  they  made  the 
Legislature  realize  that  it  was  a  case  of  political  duty 


or  death.  The  result  was  that  Mr.  Smith  withdrew 
and  Mr.  Martine  was  elected.  Aside  from  the  jus¬ 
tice  of  it  this  was  the  wisest. political  move  the  Jersey 
Democrats  have  made  in  years.  In  New  York  the 
party  has  not  risen  to  the  occasion.  The  Legislature 
is  wrangling  over  the  selection  of  corporation  or 
political  lawyers.  The  Republicans  have  thrown  away 
an  even  greater  opportunity  than  was  offered  the 
Democrats.  They  might  have  presented  some  strong 
independent  man  who  could  possibly  have  been  elected. 
Instead  of  doing  so  they  have  actually  selected  Sena¬ 
tor  Depew— the  most  useless  and  thoroughly  dis¬ 
credited  man  New  York  has  had  in  the  Senate  since 
the  Civil  War. 

* 

From  East  to  West  we  have  the  same  story;  when¬ 
ever  a  public  official  stands  up  straight  against  fraud 
or  humbug  an  effort  is  made  to  pull  him  down.  As 
an  example,  take  the  case  of  State  Forester  G.  M. 
Homans  of  California.  He  did  his  best  to  suppress 
the  “wildcats”  who  were  booming  shares  in  Euca¬ 
lyptus  companies.  Those  frauds  were  robbing  the 
public  and  Homans  did  his  best  to  choke  them  off. 
Now  efforts  are  being  made  to  induce  Governor 
Johnson  to  dismiss  Mr.  Homans  because  “he  is  an¬ 
tagonistic  to  the  great  industry  of  Eucalyptus  grow¬ 
ing.”  That  is  the  way  such  frauds  operate.  They  try 
to  make  it  appear  that  honest  men  are  with  them 
in  such1  efforts.  Look  over  the  country  and  see  how 
many  men  representing  “agriculture”  in  public  life 
stand  up  and  fight  for  the  farmer.  You  can  get  a 
wagonload  of  research  and  wise  advice,  but  where 
do  you  find  a  fighter  who  will  risk  his  job  in  a 
worthy  fight? 

* 

Briefly  stated,  the  proposed  “reciprocity”  with 
Canada  consists  in  free  trade  in  agricultural  products, 
fish  and  lumber,  and  reduced  duties  on  agricultural 
implements  and  some  other  manufactured  goods.  The 
advantage  is  all  with  American  manufacturers,  and 
the  disadvantage  all  with  farmers  To  show  how 
complicated  the  situation  is,  there  is  now  a  sort  of 
milk  famine  in  western  Canada.  In  spite  of  the  tariff 
of  17H  per  cent  on  milk,  the  city  of  Winnipeg  alone 
imports  1,000  gallons  daily.  With  this  tariff  removed 
there  would  no  doubt  be  large  quantities  of  milk  sent 
from  this  side  of  the  line  to  western  Canada.  On  the 
other  hand,  free  trade  in  milk  would  prove  a  serious 
blow  to  milk  producers  in  New  England.  The  con¬ 
tractors  would  have  the  farmers  at  their  mercy,  for 
they  could,  in  case  of  shortage,  go  to  Canada  for 
extra  supplies.  With  the  exception  of  free  trade  in 
print  paper  and  wood  pulp  (and  these  not  sure) 
there  is  nothing  in  this  reciprocity  that  would  injure 
our  manufacturing  business,  while  the  entire  scheme  is 
designed  to  destroy  any  benefit  which  the  present  tariff 
affords  to  our  farmers. 

* 

My  wife  and  myself  were  going  to  Ithaca  the  other 
day,  and  I  wanted  to  take  a  half  bushel  of  apples  to  a 
friend  there,  so  put  them  up  and  took  them  to  the  sta¬ 
tion.  On  reaching  the  station  I  decided  that  I  couldn't 
bother  with  the  anules.  so  sent  them  bv  express.  One- 
half  bushel  apples,  25  pounds,  Trumansburg  to  Ithaca 
11  miles,  half  mile  delivery  in  Ithaca,  by  same  company, 
35  cents.  My  wife  and  myself  and  grip,  325  pounds, 
Trumansburg  to  Ithaca,  1%  mile  in  Ithaca  by  another 
company,  54  cents.  T.  H.  king. 

Tompkins  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Under  our  present  postal  laws  Mr.  King  could  have 
put  the  apples  into  seven  different  packages  and  sent 
by  mail  at  a  cost  of  $4!  In  Germany  those  apples 
would  have  been  delivered  by  mail  for  less  than  25 
cents.  Mr.  King  himself  would  have  been  carried  by 
the  two  separate  companies  for  32  cents.  An  express 
company  which  does  this  nice  little  business  paid  out 
in  one  year  nearly  $15,000,000  as  “express  privileges,” 
which  means  money  paid  to  the  railroads  for  carrying 
packages.  It  took  in  nearly  $30,000,000  as  “gross 
receipts”  from  all  its  operations  and  made  so  much 
money  that  it  did  not  dare  divide  it  as  dividends,  but 
gave  it  out  as  “new  stock.”  During  1909  all  the  ex¬ 
press  companies  in  the  country  together  took  in  $137,- 
831,658.65,  and  paid  to  their  good  friends  the  railroads 
$64,032,126.69 !  These  companies  owned  real  estate, 
buildings,  fixtures,  horses,  everything,  to  a  value  of 
$23,313,575.53,  or  about  18  per  cent  of  their  income! 
We  know  several  farmers  who  would  enjoy  taking  in 
about  seven  times  as  much  money  each  year  as  all 
their  property  is  worth !  They  could  put  such  money 
into  circulation  so  it  would  benefit  manufacturers 
and  dealers  at  once.  The  express  companies  have 
robbed  us  long  enough,  but  you  can  see  from  this  the 
size  of  the  job  before  us  in  bringing  them  to  time. 
Parcels  post  is  the  only  thing  that  will  really  do  it. 
You  see  what  a  share  of  their  graft  goes  to  the  rail¬ 
roads  and  the  two  together  are  strong  in  money  and 
in  pull.  The  plain  people  are  strong  in  votes,  and 
just  as  soon  as  the  politicians  find  we  mean  business 
we  shall  get  what  we  need.  Keep  at  them ! 


February  11, 

We,  at  tbe  College  of  Agriculture,  get  many  letters  frorQ 
city  people  who  have  been  taken  by  the  glowing  accounts 
of  agricultural  prospects  as  portrayed  by  the  popular 
magazines,  asking  what  their  chances  of  success  would 
be  by  going  into  agriculture  without  any  practical  experi¬ 
ence.  We  have  considerable  evidence,  also,  that  a  great 
many  of  such  persons  are  falling  into  the  hands  of  land 
speculators,  and  are  being  loaded  up  either  with  very  in¬ 
ferior  land,  or  else  with  land  at  very  high  prices.  The 
movement  from  the  city  to  the  country  has  now  been  going 
on  for  a  number  of  years,  and  it  would  seem  to  me  it 
would  be  a  most  excellent  scheme  if  The  R.-N.-Y.  would 
call  for  the  experiences  of  city  people  who  have  without 
any  practical  farm  experience  gone  into  agricultural  en¬ 
terprises  within  the  last  four  or  five  years.  Of  course 
there  are  both  successes  and  failures,  and  it  is  equally  de- 
eirable  that  you  should  hear  from  both  classes.  Ask  them 
for  a  brief  and  plain  statement  of  their  trials  and  dis¬ 
appointments,  and  their  successes.  I  think  it  is  time  the 
city  people  should  be  permitted  to  see  both  sides  of  the 
picture.  J.  L.  stone. 

We  already  have  some  of  those  statements.  We 
want  all  we  can  get.  Do  not  think  you  must  make 
out  a  good  story  and  hide  all  the  failures.  On  the 
other  hand,  do  not  think  it  your  duty  to  give  only  the 
black  side  of  country  living  with  none  of  the  advan¬ 
tages.  Give  us  a  fair,  plain  statement  of  your  experi¬ 
ence,  without  frills  or  special  pleading.  With  the 
present  “back  to  the  land”  movement,  no  more  useful 
thing  can  be  done  than  to  tell  the  exact  truth  about 
moving  from  town  or  city  to  a  farm  after  home  and 
competence.  This  change  from  city  to  country  is  one 
of  the  most  important  migrations  in  our  history  and 
it  is  important  that  those  who  start  should  know  what 
they  are  doing.  Who  can  teach  them  except  those 
who  have  been  over  the  road?  Beginning  this  week 
we  shall  run  a  series  of  articles  from  men  who  have 
started  this  journey. 

* 

They  seem  to  be  possessed  to  get  tbe  gist  of  anything 
pertaining  to  a  farmer  wrong  end  to.  I  _  don’t  know 
whether  it  is  dense  ignorance  or  pure  eussedness. 

LEWIS  B.  KINNEY. 

I  consider  this  most  misleading  and  false  in  its  rep¬ 
resentation  as  far  as  your  attitude  is  concerned  regard¬ 
ing  sentiments  expressed,  and  ought  to  be  replied  to  and 

sharply  criticized  for  writing  such  stuff. 

GEORGE  F.  HILLS. 

The  above  extracts  from  letters  refer  to  the  foolish 
statement  made  by  the  Syracuse  Post-Standard,  all 
of  which  is  printed  on  page  158.  There  is  no  need  for 
us  to  reply  to  such  nonsense.  Our  people  do  it  for 
us,  and  they  do  it  well.  It  is  pleasant  to  see  the 
way  our  friends  take  up  these  suggestions  about 
writing  their  local  papers.  We  urged  them  to  do 
this  about  parcels  post,  but  they  are  going  further, 
and  making  their  power  felt  in  new  places.  You 
will  hear  no  more  of  these  schoolboy  essays  from 
the  Post-Standard,  and  no  one  could  have  shut  it 
off  but  these  farmers.  A  few  years  ago  they  would 
have  endured  such  sneers  in  silence.  Now  they 
know  better,  for  they  understand  something  of  their 
power,  and  have  gained  the  courage  to  exercise  it. 
They  can  accomplish  great  things  if  they  will  stick 
a  sharp  pen  into  every  blind,  stupid,  ignorant  or  men¬ 
dacious  writer  who  comes  into  their  local  paper  with 
a  sneer  at  their  efforts  to  right  business  wrongs. 
These  men  would  have  us  go  right  on  increasing 
our  products,  taking  more  35-cent  dollars  and  giving 
the  handlers  65  cents  every  time  we  take  35.  We 
rejoice  that  The  R.  N.-Y.  has  kept  at  this  point  until 
thousands  of  farmers  see  it.  Now  we  need  to  reach 
the  consumers  in  town  and  city.  Here  is  the  chance 
for  our  people  to  pass  the  word  along  to  their  local 
papers.  Do  not  be  afraid  of  them.  They  need  you 
more  than  you  need  them. 


BREVITIES. 

Small  farm  bridges  of  concrete  are  permanent. 

Kansas  is  a  meat  producing  State.  We  are  told  that 
Kansas  farmers  buy  about  $7,000,000  worth  of  meat  from 
the  butcher  shops,  giving  the  various  middlemen  about 
50  cents  of  the  consumer’s  dollar  for  handling  their  own 
meat. 

"  A  reader  lias  asked  Mr.  Douean.  the  $9  hen  man,  if 
he  uses  trap-nests.  He  says  ho  never  did  but  once — 
that  was  to  find  the  hen  which  laid  an  egg  of  poor 
shape.  lie  got  her  the  first  day.  He  cannot!  spare  the 
time  to  watch  the  nests. 

Still  another  organization  is  that  of  the  Lespcdeza 
growers  in  Louisiana.  Hay  made  from  this  clover  has 
great  value.  This  organization  will  work  to  make  the 
consuming  public  acquainted  with  this  hay,  learn  how  to 
get  rid  of  weeds  and  how  to  get  pure  seed — also  try  to 
obtain  reasonable  freight  rates. 

In  1814  20  tons  of  anthracite  coal  were  produced  in 
Pennsylvania.  In  1009  the  total  output  had  grown  to 
2,095,834,234  tons.  Anthracite  is  now  becoming  a  luxury, 
and  bituminous  coal,  oil,  gas  and  wood  must  be  sub¬ 
stituted  for  it.  We  think  the  future  price  of  wood  must 
increase. 

A  “sticky”  whitewash  reported  from  Colorado  for  use 
on  trees  marked  with  sunscald  is  made  as  follows :  30 
pounds  quicklime,  four  pounds  tallow  and  five  pounds 
salt.  Melt  the  tallow  and  dissolve  the  salt  and  then  put 
with  the  lime  while  it  is  slaking.  Use  enough  water  to 
make  it  flow  well — and  it  will  stick. 


iyii. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


16© 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 
Uncle  Sam  Wants  to  Know  Where 
it  Has  Gone. 

So  many  complaints  have  poured  into 
the  Department  of  Justice  and  Post 
Office  Department  against  E.  G.  Lewis 
and  his  numerous  schemes  that  these 
departments  have  united  in  an  investi¬ 
gation  of  the  schemes.  The  complaints 
show  that  Lewis  has  been  collecting 
money  from  country  people  from  all 
parts  of  the  country  for  nearly  10  years. 
During  that  time  he  has  got  money  on 
more  than  a  dozen  different  proposi¬ 
tions.  It  is  not  known  how  much  money 
Lewis  got  on  these  schemes,  but  from 
his  own  representations  it  runs  into  six 
or  seven  million  dollars  all  told,  and 
some  people  estimate  that  he  got  in  all 
nearly  double  that  amount.  But  when 
the  old  bank  was  closed  up  some  of 
the  depositors  and  stockholders  de¬ 
manded  their  money  and  got  87  per 
cent  of  their  investment  through  the  re¬ 
ceiver.  This  represented  about  one- 
third  of  the  stock.  The  trick  turned  by 
Lewis  to  get  possession  of  the  other 
two-thirds  of  the  funds  of  the  bank  was 
probably  the  slickest  piece  of  jugglery 
ever  performed  with  bank  accounts  and 
cash.  When  the  receiver  took  charge 
in  August,  1905,  the  officers  of  the  bank 
and  the  Lewis  enterprises  owed  the 
bank  nearly  a  million  dollars,  which  was 
one  of  the  reasons  for  closing  the  bank 
and  for  the  issuing  of  fraud  orders 
against  it.  The  receiver  advertised  the 
assets  of  the  bank,  but  got  no  bids  for 
the  Lewis  securities.  In  the  meantime 
Lewis  wrote  hysterical  letters  to  the 
stockholders,  alleging  that  a  conspiracy 
had  been  formed  by  express  companies, 
bankers  and  Government  officials  to  de¬ 
stroy  the  people’s  bank,  and  that  the 
bank  had  been  assassinated.  He  appealed 
to  them  to  stand  by  him  in  this  dark 
hour  of  trial  and  assign  their  stock  to 
him,  that  he  might  be  in  a  position  to 
light  the  enemies  of  the  bank — their 
enemies — and  pledged  his  private  for¬ 
tune,  his  income  and  his  sacred  honor 
to  pay  them  in  full,  dollar  for  dollar. 
In  exchange  for  the  stock  he  would  send 
them  a  trustee  note  or  preferred  stock 
in  the  publishing  company.  About  two- 
thirds  of  the  stockholders  fell  to  this 
plea  and  sent  Lewis  assignments  of  their 
stock.  It  amounted  to  about  $1,500,000. 
Lewis  printed  up  $2,300,000  worth  of 
stock  in  the  Lewis  Publishing  Co.,  and 
gave  the  dear  people  their  choice  of  this 
or  the  trustee  notes  of  his  income  in 
exchange  for  the  assignments.  Lewis 
was  then  able  to  turn  over  the  assigned 
stock  to  the  receiver  and  take  his  securi¬ 
ties  and  about  $300,000  in  cash  besides. 
Word  went  out  then  that  the  assets  of 
the  bank  were  paid  in  full,  and  that  the 
stockholders  got  87  per  cent  of  their 
investment.  All  of  which  was  offered 
as  evidence  that  the  bank  was  assassi¬ 
nated.  What  really  happened  of  course 
was  that  Lewis  borrowed  from  the 
stockholders  their  proceeds  of  the  bank, 
without  security,  and  saved  himself  from 
prosecution  by  making  good  the  money 
he  got  out  of  the  bank.  The  stock  was 
of  course  all  vapor.  It  was  not  even 
pure  water. 

Those  who  accepted  notes  instead  of 
stock  fared  no  better.  These  are  the 
notes  now  three  years  overdue  that  we 
have  been  trying  to  collect  without  suc¬ 
cess.  Besides  these  notes  and  stock, 
Lewis  sold  mortgages,  bonds  and  notes 
in  great  variety  and  in  unlimited  num¬ 
bers.  These  he  called  in  and  promised 
to  pay  for  them  in  cash,  or  exchange 
them  for  stock  in  the  People’s  Savings 
and  Trust  Company,  which  he  later  or¬ 
ganized.  Those  who  sent  in  their  cer¬ 
tificates  and  asked  cash  got  in  return 
an  interim  receipt.  The  cash  does  not 
come,  and  the  Banking  Department  of 
the  State  of  Missouri  will  not  allow 
Lewis  to  issue  bank  stock  in  exchange 
for  worthless  stocks  and  notes,  so  that 
he  cannot  keep  his  promise  to  issue  the 


stock,  even  if  he  were  disposed  to  do  so. 
Of  course  he  could  turn  the  cash  into 
the  bank  and  keep  the  securities  as  he 
promised  to  do,  but  no  one  suspects 
Lewis  capable  of  straight  cash  transac¬ 
tions  of  that  kind. 

The  “Readers’  Pool”  is  a  proposition 
that  seems  involved  in  mystery.  Lewis 
gathered  a  fund  three  years  ago  to  buy 
48  acres  of  land  at  University  City  for 
this  fund.  He  announced  that  he  had 
enough  to  buy  the  land,  and  then  asked 
for  more  money  to  improve  it  and  for  a 
loan  fund  to  lend  home  builders.  Finally 
he  said  no  more  certificates  would  be 
issued,  but  no  one  knew  whether  the 
land  was  bought  or  not,  but  certainly 
the  profits  that  were  to  be  divided  semi¬ 
annually  have  not  materialized.  Lewis 
refused  to  explain.  Perhaps  Uncle  Sam 
will  find  out.  Lewis  is  now  very  will¬ 
ing — anxious  in  fact — to  exchange  all 
these  certificates,  bonds,  notes,  etc.,  for 
10-year  debentures,  but  his  victims  are 
getting  tired  of  the  exchange  process, 
and  would  now  like  a  little  cash. 

Lewis  is  evidently  drunk  with  con¬ 
ceit.  That  is  the  most  charitable  view 
to  take  of  his  conduct.  Lie  has  grown 
impudent  in  his  defiance  of  the  postal 
regulations.  He  not  only  daily  violates 
the  regulations,  but  actually  publishes 
the  evidence  of  his  transgressions.  His 
conduct  amounts  to  a  defiance  of  the 
LJnited  States  Government.  Not  only 
this.  He  has  done  something  more  seri¬ 
ous.  He  has  involved  over  one  hun¬ 
dred  other  publishers  in  similar  vio¬ 
lations.  According  to  the  postal  regula¬ 
tions  a  paper  is  not  entitled  to  second 
class  privileges  when  premium  induce¬ 
ments  are  offered  in  excess  of  50  per 
cent  of  the  subscription  price,  or  when 
the  paper  is  regularly  mailed  gratui¬ 
tously  to  people  who  did  not  subscribe 
for  it.  Lewis  offers  premiums  which  he 
says  are  worth  hundreds  of  dollars  with 
a  dollar  subscription,  and  further  ad¬ 
mits  that  70  per  cent  of  the  subscrip¬ 
tions  sent  him  are  given  away  free. 
These  conditions  apply  not  only  to  his 
own  paper,  but  also  to  all  the  papers 
for  which  he  is  allowed  to  take  subscrip¬ 
tions.  But  he  has  not  even  stopped 
here.  Lie  now  boasts  that  a  number  of 
publishers  have  now  allowed  him  to 
send  them  subscriptions  on  credit  to 
the  amount  of  $500,000.  If  you  did  not 
read  the  boast  carefully  you  would  think 
they  had  made  him  a  cash  loan.  It  is 
probably  a  gratuity  granted  in  the  vain 
hope  of  putting  off  an  inevitable  calam¬ 
ity.  Surely  no  self-respecting  govern¬ 
ment  could  ignore  such  bold  defiance  of 
the  law  in  which  it  is  itself  concerned. 
In  his  reckless  and  conceited  bravado 
Lewis  has  not  only  invited  but  forced 
an  inquiry  of  affairs ;  and  the  publishers 
whom  he  has  involved  may  and  prob¬ 
ably  will  find  their  records  with  him  a 
matter  of  inquiry  also.  To  be  fair  with 
the  publishers  involved,  we  do  not  be¬ 
lieve  they  went  into  the  scheme  with 
any  intention  of  violating  the  postal 
laws,  and  if  they  show  a  proper  con¬ 
trition  now,  we  hope  the  Government 
will  be  charitable  with  their  error  of 
the  past. 

When  Lewis  was  tried  on  an  indict¬ 
ment  of  fraud  in  connection  with  the 
defunct  United  States  Bank,  he  escaped 
because  it  was  not  clear  that  he  intended 
to  create  a  scheme  to  defraud.  It  was 
not  denied  that  his  victims  had  lost 
money.  He  has  developed  many  schemes 
since,  and  the  people  have  dropped 
money  in  all  of  them.  Perhaps  he  is 
smart  enough  to  continue  the  perform¬ 
ance  indefinitely,  but  we  doubt  it 

It  is  a  matter  of  common  knowledge 
that  the  Post  Office  Department  was 
never  more  successful  than  during  the 
past  year  in  running  down  promoters 
of  fraudulent  schemes. 


AS  LONG  AS  YOU’RE 
GOING  TO  BUY  A  POWER 

SPRAYER  YOU’D  BETTER  GET 

THE  BEST-A  CHAMPION 


Costs  No  More  to  Buy  than  Ordinary  Outfits 
and  Costs  a  Lot  Less  Afterwards 

YOU  COULDN’T  DO  WORSE  than  to  buy  a  poor  sprayer — you’ll  pay  for 
it  twice  over  in  time  lost,  solution  wasted  and  repair  bills. 

OF  COURSE  IF  YOU  HAD  TO  PAY  MORE  for  the  best  sprayer— 
which  is  the  Champion — then  there  might  be  some  reason  in  saving  money 
and  taking  a  chance. 

BUT  THAT  ISN  T  THE  CASE — the  Champion  costs  actually  less  than 
inferior  power  sprayers  of  other  makes.  One  reason  is  the  Champion 
is  simpler,  therefore  costs  less  to  build  and  so  can  be  sold  for  less.  Then, 
too,  we  make  them  in  large  quantities — being  the  largest  exclusive 
manufacturers  of  power  sprayers  in  the  world,  and  we  give  you  the  benefit 
of  the  saving  we  effect  in  that  way. 

THE  SAME  SIMPLICITY  OF  DESIGN  that  enables  us  to  make  and 

sell  the  best  sprayer  for  the  price  of  an  ordinary  one  also  makes  the 
Champion  the  easiest  to  operate  and  the  most  economical. 

SO  THERE’S  ONLY  ONE  REASON  why  anyone  would  buy  any  other 
power  sprayer — he  hasn’t  seen  a  Champion  in  operation  nor  investigated 
its  many  superior  features. 

YOU  OWE  IT  TO  YOURSELF  to  get  our  catalog,  study  the  technical 
description  of  this  splendid  outfit  and  let  us  send  you  the  names  of 
prominent  orchardists  everwhere  who  are  using  Champions.  The  rest 
will  be  easy. 

PLEASE  REMEMBER  THIS — we  are  specialists.  The  Champion  Manu¬ 
facturing  Company  manufactures  only  power  sprayers.  We  never  have 
made  water  pumps  nor  farm  machinery.  Sprayers  are  not  a  side  line  with  us. 

WE  DEVOTE  ALL  OUR  ENERGIES  to  making  the  best  power  sprayer 
possible — one  that  solves  all  problems  in  the  handling  of  all  kinds  of  solu¬ 
tions,  and  does  it  more  easily,  quickly  and  economically. 

ORDERS  ALWAYS  AHEAD  OF  SUPPLY.  So  send  for  catalog  at  once, 
then  order  quickly  so  as  not  to  suffer  delay  in  delivery.  Champion 
Automatic  Power  Sprayers  are  fully  guaranteed. 


DO  YOU  KNOW  the  Champion  nozzle — the  only  variable  one — does  away 
with  towers ;  sprays  the  highest  branches  or  lowest  from  the  ground ;  from 
.  any  point  regardless  of  direction  of  wind;  does  a  perfect  job — and  saves 
half  the  solution.  Look  into  it. 


“Now,  then,  children,”  said  the 
teacher,  “what  is  it  we  want  most  in 
this  world  to  make  us  perfectly  happy?” 
“De  things  we  ain’t  got!”  shouted  the 
bright  boy  in  the  back  seat. — Philadel¬ 
phia  Press. 


Champion  Manufacturing  Coc 
Pontiac,  Michigan 

Department  C 


170 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

“LIFE  IS  WHAT  WE  MAKE  IT.” 

Let’s  oftcner  talk  of  noble  deeds, 

And  rarer  of  the  bad  ones, 

And  sing  about  our  happy  days, 

And  not  about  the  sad  ones. 

We  were  not  made  to  fret  and  sigh, 

Aud  when  grief  sleeps  to  wake  it, 

Bright  happiness  is  standing  by — 

This  life  is  what  we  make  it. 

Let's  find  the  sunny  side  of  men, 

Or  the  believers  in  it ; 

A  light  there  is  in  every  soul 
That  takes  the  pains  to  win  it. 

Oh,  there’s  a  slumbering  good  in  all, 

And  we  perchance  may  wake  it ; 

Our  hands  contain  the  magic  wand  ; 

This  life  is  what  we  make  it. 

Then  here’s  to  those  whose  loving  hearts 
Shed  light  and  joy  about  them ; 

Thanks  be  to  them  for  countless  gems 
We  ne’er  had  known  without  them. 

Oh  !  this  should  be  a  happy  world 
To  all  who  may  partake  it ; 

The  fault’s  our  own  if  it  is  not — 

This  life  is  what  we  make  it. 

— Author  Unknown. 

* 

The  safest  place  to  keep  an  ostrich 
feather,  says  a  person  who  has  tried  it, 
is  in  a  glass  jar,  tightly  sealed.  Moths 
and  dust  are  kept  out,  and  the  feather 
may  be  inspected  through  the  glass  with¬ 
out  opening  the  jar.  Of  course  the  or¬ 
dinary  glass  jar  is  not  large  enough  for 
a  very  long  feather,  because  we  must 
not  bend  it,  but  for  the  shorter  feathers 
it  will  be  admirable.  A  glass  jar  or 
tightly  sealed  metal  box  is  a  good  place 
to  keep  kid  gloves  when  at  a  very  humid 
seashore  locality,  or  on  a  long  sea  voy¬ 
age  ;  the  salty  dampness  often  has  a  very 
disastrous  effect  upon  kid. 

* 

Thf.  “cozikid”  blanket  is  one  of  the 
modern  comforts  to  make  the  baby 
happy.  It  is  a  flat  bag,  large  enough 
for  the  baby  to  stretch  out  in,  but  a 
little  narrower  at  the  top  than  the  bot¬ 
tom.  It  buttons  flat  all  down  the  mid¬ 
dle,  and  at  the  top  the  center  is  rounded 
out  a  little  so  as  to  fit  around  the  baby’s 
neck,  like  a  cloak.  A  little  pointed  hood 
or  capote  is  attached,  just  as  if  the  bag 
were  a  cape.  The  bag  is  made  of 
eiderdown  flannel  or  any  similar  ma¬ 
terial  suitable  for  a  baby’s  blanket.  But¬ 
toned  up  in  its  Eskimo  bag,  with  the 
capote  over  its  head,  the  baby  can  take 
its  ride  or  outdoor  nap  without  risk  of 
being  chilled  by  wriggling  out  of  its 
covering. 

* 

A  very  appetizing  stew,  which  can  be 
made  from  the  cheapest  cuts  of  veal,  is 
stew  supreme:  Cut  three  pounds  of  veal 
and  one-half  pound  lean  bacon  into 
small  pieces  and  brown  in  butter;  add 
three  sliced  carrots,  six  small  onions, 
three  cloves,  blade  of  mace,  salt  and  pep¬ 
per  (very  little  of  the  latter),  one-half 
cup  tomato  catsup  and  one  tablespoon 
Worcestershire  sauce;  pour  over  enough 
boiling  water  to  cover;  let  simmer  one* 
hour  or  until  meat  is  tender ;  arrange 
meat  on  serving  platter,  rub  sauce  and 
vegetables  through  a  sieve  and  pour 
around  meat;  or  the  vegetables  may  be 
left  in  pieces  and  the  sauce  slightly 
thickened  with  a  tablespoon  of  butter 
and  flour  rubbed  together. 

* 

There  is  a  little  notion  store  in  up¬ 
town  New  York  where  a  passer-by  was 
attracted  by  the  sight  of  some  strands 
of  white  thread  across  the  window,  still 
attached  to  the  spool,  but  with  25  needles, 
attached  to  each  thread.  An  inquiry  was 
made  concerning  it. 

“My  little  daughter  threaded  them,” 
the  storekeeper  said.  “They  are  a  won¬ 
derful  convenience  for  people  with  such 
poor  eyes  that  they  can’t  see  to  thread 
their  own  needles.  Here  is  a  whole  bunch 
of  them  already  threaded,  and  all  the 
sewer  has  to  do  is  to  unwind  the  thread 
until  she  has  the  desired  length  for  the 
first  needle,  then  slip  the  other  needles 
along  until  it  comes  to  their  turn.  May¬ 
be  in  some  neighborhoods  that  con¬ 
trivance  wouldn’t  be  appreciated  very 


highly,  but  here  it  is  a  real  blessing. 
Within  a  few  blocks  of  the  store  are 
three  old  ladies’  homes.  The  old  ladies 
like  to  sew,  but  they  have  found  it  im¬ 
possible  to  keep  their  needles  threaded. 
Now  that  job  is  already  done  for  them 
for  the  original  cost  of  the  needles  and 
thread.” 

That  struck  us  as  a  very  practical 
idea,  and  if  there  is  an  old  person  in 
the  family  who  likes  to  sew  she  would 
certainly  appreciate  a  needle-threaded 
spool.  Indeed,  a  few  ready-threaded 
spools  would  be  a  very  useful  gift  for 
the  industrious  woman  whose  eyes  are 
not  what  they  were. 

* 

At  the  recent  Child  Welfare  Exhibit 
in  this  city  there  was  a  series  of  pos¬ 
ters  by  Harristm  Cady  depicting  the 
history  of  bad  milk.  In  the  first  picture 
a  careless  dairy  farmer  was  milking  in  a 
slovenly  barn.  Two  or  three  processions 
of  microbes,  all  carrying  banners  with 
“tuberculosis,”  “scarlet  fever,”  etc.,  are 
marching  from  refuse  heaps  to  the  milk 
can.  In  the  second  picture  those  of  the 
germs  that  couldn’t  get  into  the  pail 
are  following  the  farmer’s  wagon  to  the 
station  at  a  double  quick.  Those  who  do 
not  fall  by  the  wayside  in  this  wild 
chase  jump  into  the  milk,  while  in  the 
third  picture  they  are  waiting  on  a 
grimy-looking  station  platform.  At  the 
“milk,  coal  and  ice”  store  on  the  East 
Side  another  crop  of  equally  vigorous 
germs  have  a  parade  to  the  now  thor¬ 
oughly  discouraged  milk.  The  last  pic¬ 
ture  shows  a  hearse— a  child’s  white 
hearse — waiting  at  the  door  of  the  tene¬ 
ment,  with  the  triumphant  germs  wav¬ 
ing  their  banners  and  dancing  on  its 
top.  This  exhibition  dealt  with  every¬ 
thing  affecting  the  child,  physical  care, 
clothing,  feeding  and  education.  As  an 
example  of  one  feature  in  high  school 
education,  there  was  a  little  girl  of  12, 
neatly  and  serviceably  dressed,  whose 
clothing  (including  underclothes)  was 
made  by  pupils  at  the  Washington  Irving 
High  School  at  a  cost  of  52  cents.  This 
is  the  school  where  the  girls,  again  this 
year,  wore  graduating  dresses  made  by 
themselves  at  a  cost  of  one  dollar  each. 
The  girls  are  not  only  taught  how  to 
make  their  clothes,  but  also  how  to  buy, 
as  there  is  a  course  in  economic  shop¬ 
ping  in  connection  with  the  dressmaking 
course. 


Care  of  Soapstone  Griddles. 

Can  you  tell  me  how  to  use  properly  a 
soapstone  griddle,  and  how  to  care  for  it 
after  baking?  My  cakes  brown  nicely,  but 
they  stick  so  tight  to  the  griddle  that  they 
look  like  anything  but  cakes  by  the  time  I 
get  them  off  to  turn.  After  turning  they 
seldom  stick.  Will  you  tell  me  just  what 
to  do,  as  though  I  had  never  tried  to  use 
a  soapstone  griddle,  all  the  don’t’s  and 
do’s  that  belong  to  its  use  before  and  after 
baking  ?  c.  c.  w. 

The  griddle  should  be  heated  carefully, 
never  greased,  and  cleansed  after  using 
by  rubbing  it  well  with  dry  salt.  The 
inquirer  does  not  say  whether  she  has 
used  grease  or  not,  but  this  ruins  the 
soapstone.  The  following  instructions 
were  given  us  by  a  reader  when  this 
question  came  up  about  two  years  ago : 

“In  order  to  obtain  perfect  results 
from  a  soapstone  griddle  follow  these 
instructions.  Heat  the  griddle  hot;  in 
fact,  almost  sizzlingly  hot.  Use  no 
grease  of  any  kind  upon  it.  By  doing 
this  the  cakes  will  not  stick ;  they  will 
bake  nice  and  brown,  and  there  will  be 
no  smoke  or  greasy  smell  while  cooking. 
The  inquirer  can  easily  make  her  griddle 
equal  to  a  new  one  by  rubbing  the  bak¬ 
ing  surface  with  a  piece  of  No.  3  sand¬ 
paper  until  it  resumes  its  original  smooth 
gray  surface.  Then  wash  it  with  clear 
water,  dry  it  and  when  ready  to  use  it 
again  rub  it  over  with  a  little  fine  salt.” 

A  number  of  correspondents  informed 
us  that  they  had  always  used  dry  salt, 
rubbed  on  with  a  cloth,  to  clean  their 
griddles,  never  using  grease,  and  the 
more  the  surface  was  cleaned  in  this 
way  the  better  and  smoother  the  griddle 
became. 


Popovers  Too  Moist. 

Can  some  one  tell  me  why  eggless 
popovers  are  moist  in  the  middle?  The 
outsides  are  very  popular  in  the  house¬ 
hold,  and  any  recipe  which  does  not 
call  for  eggs  is  certainly  acceptable 
with  eggs  at  50  cents  a  dozen,  but  I 
cannot  get  the  middles  dry,  although  I 
have  tried  to  follow  the  recipe  exactly, 
and  have  had  very  hot  oven  and  mod¬ 
erate  oven,  gem  pans  always  very  hot 

A.  E.  F. 


Cream  Corn  Bread  and  Doughnuts. 

Hot  corn  bread  is  very  nice  for  break¬ 
fast  and  very  easily  prepared,  provided 
one  can  manage  to  have  a  hot  oven  so 
early  in  the  day.  It  is  just  as  good  for 
supper,  of  course,  and  hungry  school 
children  always  appreciate  it.  It  is  best 
cooked  in  a  spider  where  meat  has  been 
fried,  or  else  well  greased  with  bacon 
or  ham  fat.  The  cream  used  may  be 
either  sweet  or  sour  and  the  amount  of 
soda  varied  accordingly :  One  cup 

cream  (not  too  thick  nor  too  sour), 
one-half  cup  buttermilk,  one  teaspoon 
soda  (scant  measure),  one  teaspoon  salt, 
one  tablespoon  sugar;  two  cups  granu¬ 
lated  meal,  one-fourth  cup  flour.  Beat 
all  together  well.  Turn  into  the  hot 
greased  spider  and  bake  in  a  quick  oven. 

At  the  old-fashioned  corn-husking  we 
had  one  Fall  we  served  very  simple  re¬ 
freshments.  There  were  sandwiches,  of 
course,  pumpkin  pies  and  doughnuts  and 
coffee.  Cousin  Alice  volunteered  to 
make  the  doughnuts.  “I  learned  how  to 
make  them  last  Summer,”  she  said, 
“when  we  had  a  real  French  chef  for  a 
cook.  The  recipe  is  very  simple  and 
not  rich  at  all.  I  think  that  is  one  rea¬ 
son  why  they  are  so  nice.”  That  was 
several  years  ago  and  I  have  used  this 
perfectly  reliable  recipe  for  doughnuts 
ever  since :  Cream  one  rounding  table¬ 
spoon  ftil  butter  with  one  cup  sugar,  and 
then  beat  in  the  yolks  of  three  eggs. 
Beat  the  whites  of  the  three  eggs 
separately  and  add  to  the  mixture,  to¬ 
gether  with  one  cup  sweet  milk  and  one 
tablespoon  vanilla.  Sift  one  tablespoon 
baking  powder  in  one  quart  flour.  Add 
the  flour  and  roll  out  soft,  adding  more 
flour  to  keep  from  sticking  to  the  board. 
Fry  in  deep  hot  lard.  They  are  very 
nice  rolled  in  powdered  confectioner’s 
sugar  when  done.  f. 


February  11, 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


A  good  oil  lamp 
needs  a  good  chim¬ 
ney.  A  bad  oil  lamp 
needs  it  more. 

Both  need  a 
Macbeth  “Pearl 
Glass”  lamp-chim¬ 
ney. 

My  lamp-chim¬ 
neys  establish  an 
even  draft  on  both  sides  of  the 
flame — make  the  most  of  the 
light.  I  make  a  chimney  to  fit 
every  style  and  size  of  lamp  and 
burner. 

Send  for  my  free  Index  and  find  out  what 
chimney  to  get  for  your  lamp. 

Macbeth 

Macbeth-Evans  Glass  Co.  Pittsburgh 


Reg.  0.  S.  Pat.  Ott. 


TAPESTRY  RUG, 

WOOL,  9  x  12  ft., 

Art  Squares— 9  x  12 
ft.,  $3.25  up.  Fine 
Smyrna  Rugs— 9  x, 

12  ft.,  $6.98.  Mat¬ 
ting— from  13c  a  yard 
up.  Oil  Cloth  — 24c  a 
yard  up.  Linoleum— 41c 
a  sq.  yard  and  up.  Brus¬ 
sels  Carpets— 40c  a  yard 
up. 

Roxboroufh  Rugs 


$7.48 

Just  think!  Floor 
coverings  as  fine 
as  can  be  made— 
beauUful,  long  last- 
rig,  guaranteed,  with 
bright,  fadeless  colors— 
at  regular  manufactur¬ 
er’s  prices .  one-third  to 
one-half  less  than  retail! 
We  buy  in  big  lots.  You 
know  that  saves  money. 


Just  as  big  bargains  In 
Body  Brussels,  Axmln- 
■ters,  Velvets,  Ingrains, 
Wiltons,  Rag  Carpets, 
Carpet  Linings,  Cocoa 
Mats  and  Lace  Curtains. 
Talk  about  handsome 
patterns!  We  have 
them  for  parlor, 
bedroom,  dining 
room  and  kitchen. 


Get  a  postal  right  now, 
and  write  for  our  hand¬ 
some  illustrated  cata¬ 
logue.  It  tells  all  about 
each  article  and  gives 
you  the  exact  low  price. 
Don’t  put  off  writing  I 
You  won’t  have  to  buy 
unless  you  want  to,  but 
by  all  means  send  for 


the  catalogue,  and  sea 
the  low  prices. 

ROXBOROUGH  RUG  CO.,  Dept.  377  ,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 


iSGii 


if 

Soda 
Crackers 
Grew 
on  Trees 

Nature  would  cover  them  with 
shells,  like  nuts,  protecting  from 
moisture,  mildew,  dirt  and  insects. 

Just  so  are  Uneeda  Biscuit  protected  by  the 
moisture-proof,  dust-proof  package.  It  keeps 
them  oven-fresh  and  crisp,  retaining  all  their 
flavor  and  goodness  till  used. 

Think  it  over  and  you  will  always 
buy  the  protected  kind 


Uneeda 

Biscuit 


Never  Sold 
in  Bulk 


In  ike  moisture-proof 
package 'S; 


NATIONAL  BfSCUJT  COMPANY  1 


1911- 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


171 


The  Rural  Patterns. 


Experience  with  Zinc. 


The  first  picture  includes  6884,  one- 
piece  blouse  with  yoke  and  trimming 
portion,  34  to  42.  124  yard  of  ma¬ 

terial  27  inches  wide,  24  yard  36  or  44, 
with  124  yard  18  inches  wide  for  trim¬ 
ming  portions,  24  yard  of  silk  for  bands, 
1 14  yard  18  inches  wide  for  yoke  and 


under  sleeves  for  medium  size.  6878, 
fancy  waist  for  misses  and  small 
women,  14,  16  and  18  years.  With  or 
without  under-sleeves.  1%  yard  of  ma¬ 
terial  27  inches  wide,  1  yard  36  or  44, 
224  yards  of  all-over  lace,  24  yard  21 
for  trimming,  for  16  year  size.  6881, 
girl’s  dress  with  applied  box-plaits,  10, 
12  and  14  years.  With  or  without  band 
flounce.  524  yards  of  material  27  inches 
wide,  224  yards  36  or  44,  124  yard  of 
all-over,  124  yard  of  velvet,  for  12  year 
size.  6880,  six-gored  skirt  for  misses’ 
and  small  women,  14,  16  and  18  years. 
With  or  without  trimming  on  front  gore. 
4 1/2  yards  of  material  27  inches  wide, 
3J4  yards  36,  2%  yards  44,  1  yard  of  silk, 
for  16  year  size.  6221,  boys’  suit,  6  to 
12  years.  524  yards  of  material  24 
inches  wide,  4 yards  32,  224  yards  44, 
124  yard  of  wide,  4  yards  of  narrow  braid 
for  10  year  size.  Price  of  each  pattern 
10  cents. 

The  second  picture  shows  6872,  fancy 
blouse  34  to  42  bust.  324  yards  of 
material  24  or  27  inches  wide,  224  yards 
36,  124  yar<i  44,  24  yard  of  banding,  24 


yard  of  velvet,  for  medium  size.  6883, 
fancy  waist,  34  to  40.  124  yard  of  ma¬ 

terial  27  inches  wide,  24  yard  36  or  44 
for  blouse  with  sleeves,  124  yard  27, 
24  yard  36  or  44  for  pointed  portions,  1 
yard  of  all-over_  lace,  24  yard  tucked 
chiffon,  for  medium  size.  6882,  house 
gown  for  misses’  and  small  women,  14, 
16  and  18  years.  524  yards  of  material 
27  inches  wide,  424  yards  36,  324  yards 
44,  24  yard  21  for  collar  and  cuffs,  224 
yards  of  plaiting  for  trimming,  for  16 
year  size.  6871,  five-gored  skirt  for 
misses  and  small  women,  14,  16  and  18 
years.  524  yards  of  material  27  inches 
wide,  324  yards  39  or  44  when  ma¬ 
terial  has  figure  or  nap,  424  yards  27, 
224  yards  44  when  material  has  neither 
figure  or  nap,  for  16  year  size.  6873, 
combination  corset-cover  and  closed 
drawers,  34  to  44  bust.  224  yards  of 
material  36  inches  wide,  224  yards  44,  8 
yards  of  insertion,  8  yards  of  edging, 
224  yards  of  beading,  for  medium  size. 
Price  of  each  pattern  10  cents. 


When  flues  .are  foul  with  soft  coal 
soot,  get  a  good  fire  going  and  throw 
two  or  three  ounces  of  any  old  zinc 
on  the  live  coals  and  close  the  stove  as 
ordinarily.  Evidently  some  chemical  ac¬ 
tion  takes  place  when  the  fumes  of  the 
burning  zinc  attacks  the  soot  that 
loosens  it,  and  the  strong  draft  of  a 
hot  fire  sends  the  soot  out  of  the  chim¬ 
ney  in  great  clouds.  c.  j.  m. 

_  It  is  now  a  good  many  years  ago 
since  I  first  heard  that  burning  zinc  in 
a  stove  would  cause  the  accumulation 
of  soot  in  the  chimney  to  vanish — in 
other  words,  it  was  the  best  and  easiest 
way  to  clean  a  foul  chimney.  I  have 
tried  its  use  liberally  a  number  of  times 
and  have  not  found  that  it  does  what 
was  claimed  for  it.  The  metal  is  to  be 
thrown  in  the  fireplace  on  top  of  the 
fuel  and  let  melt;  the  fumes  thrown  off 
are  supposed  to  destroy  the  soot.  I 
must  say  the  chemical  changes  that  take 
place  are  surprising  and  to  quite  an  ex¬ 
tent  beautiful.  It  is  a  pleasure  to  watch 
the  heat  “burn”  the  zinc.  Most  gor¬ 
geous  colors  are  evolved.  The  fumes 
turn  the  soot  white  and  to  a  small  ex¬ 
tent  dislodge  it  from  the  stove  and 
chimney.  I  used  any  odd  scraps  of 
zinc;  the  melted  portion  may  be  used 
over  and  over  again.  But  the  zinc  meth¬ 
od,  to  my  mind,  is  all  folly;  it  is  like 
some  of  those  old  superstitions  we  read 
about.  _ w.  A.  pryal. 

The  Bookshelf. 

^  Rural  Hygiene,  by  Henry  N.  Ogden, 
C.  E.  This  is  an  extremely  useful  work, 
covering  a  wide  range  of  subjects  which 
concern  the  health  of  a  family  or  com¬ 
munity.  It  discusses  the  location  of 
house  and  farm  buildings;  their  con¬ 
struction,  which  includes  some  valuable 
details,  especially  regarding  cellar  con¬ 
struction;  ventilation;  water  supply; 
plumbing;  sewage  disposal;  care  of 
meat,  milk  and  other  food ;  personal 
hygiene;  diseases,  disinfection  and  sani¬ 
tary  law.  The  discussion  of  children’s 
diseases,  typhoid,  tuberculosis  and  pneu¬ 
monia.  will  make  the  book  very  useful 
to  the  house  mother,  while  the  men 
of  the  household  will  find  in  it  an  answer 
to  many  problems  of  farm  life.  This 
would  be  a  valuable  addition  to  the 
school  or  Grange  library.  Published  by 
Macmillan  &  Company,  New  York;  434 
pages,  77  illustrations;  price  $1.50  net, 
postage  20  cents  additional. 

Bird  Guide,  by  Chester  A.  Reed. 
Many  of  us  who  wish  to  learn  some¬ 
thing  of  the  birds  in  our  vicinity  are 
hampered  by  the  lack  of  information  in 
accessible  form.  This  is  given  us  very 
clearly  in  two  handy  little  pocket  vol¬ 
umes  issued  by  Chas.  K.  Reed,  Wor¬ 
cester,  Mass.  Bird  Guide,  Part  I,  con¬ 
sists  of  water  birds,  and  includes  240 
pages,  230  birds  printed  in  color;;  Part 
II,  Land  Birds,  contains  230  pages,  210 
bird  portraits  in  color.  Water  Birds 
costs  $1  in  cloth,  $1.25  in  leather;  Land 
Birds  $1  leather,  75  cents  cloth,  postage 
five  cents  each.  The  books  are  con¬ 
venient  size  and  shape  for  slipping  in 
the  pocket,  the  descriptions  concisely 
written,  and  the  pictures  life-like.  An¬ 
other  useful  book  from  the  same  pub¬ 
lisher  is.  a  Flower  Guide,  with  320  wild 
flowers  in  natural  colors.  This  costs  $1 
in  leather,  75  cents  in  cloth.  These  three 
books  together  or  separately  will  be 
found  very  helpful  in  nature  study,  and 
delightful  companions  for  our  country 
walks. 


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Three  generations  of  women 
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Show  this  advertisement  to  your 
dealer  when  you  order,  and  don’t 
accept  substitutes.  If  not  in  your 
dealer’s  stock  write  us  his  name 
and  address.  We’ll  help  him  sup¬ 
ply  you. 

The  Eddystone  Mfg.  Co.,  Philad’a 
Founded  1842  by  Win.  Simpson  Sr. 


NO  MONEY  DOWN -NO  DEPOSIT- NO  OBLIGATIONS 


YOURS  ON  APPROVAL 


30  DAYS  FREE  TRIAL 

Take  this  machine  Into  your  home;  use  It  as  your  own;  try  all  Its  attachments,  and  if  it  Is  not  exaetlv 
all  we  claim  lor  It  In  every  respect;  11  It  Is  not  handsomer,  better  made,  more  easy  to  run  and  If  it 
does  not  do  better  work  than  any  machine  three  times  Its  price,  we  will  take  It  back  and  vou  will  not 
be  put;  to  any  expense  whatever.  Try  It  a  month  absolutely  Irce;  then.  If  satisfied 


.  $2.00  A  MONTH 

•  Formerlv  sold  through  dealers  i 


Think  of  it !  Less  than  other  hi$h- 
grade  machines  rent  for. 

Formerly  sold  through  dealers  and  agents  lor  $45  to  $66.  Now  offered 
direct  Irom  our  factory  to  you  on  easy  payments  at  about  one-third  Its  old 
price.  We  have  cut  oil  our  wholesalers,  jobbers,  dealers,  and  agents,  giving 
you  their  profits. 

SAVE  $25.00  TO  $35.00 

by  buying  from  the  only  manufacturers  In 
the  world  who  sell  high-grade  sewing  ma¬ 
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you  less  to  buy  the  King  than  to  rent  any 
other  high-grade  machine  from  a  dealer  or 
agent.  The  King  won  the  gold  medal,  first 
prize,  highest  award  at  the  Alaska-Yukon 
Exposition.  The  judges  officially  declared  it 
to  be  “The  World’s  Best  Sewing  Machine.” 

OUR  20-YEAR  GUARAN¬ 
TEE  means Ifthe  machine  proves defcct- 
I  tC  Ive  In  material  or  workmanship  dur¬ 
ing  20  years  of  service  we  will  replace  It  with 
another  machine  or  refund  your  money. 

THIS  PERFECT  MACHINE 

la  strictly  ball-bearing;  has  the  newest  drop  head 
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duplicated  by  the  attachments  of  any  other  family 
sewing  machine  In  the  world.  The  machine  Is  com¬ 
plete  and  includes  all  the  attachments. 

KING  SEWING  MACHINE  CO., 


pay  us 


FACTORY 

TO 

FAMILY 


Write  for  Illustrated  catalogue  giving  complete  descriptions;  / 

184  RANO  ST., ,  BUFFALO,  NEW  YORK 


Most  Modem 


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.^Lighting  Systems 


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Conforms  to  insurance  underwriters’ 
rules.  Two  weeks'  trial,  and  guarantee 
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$2.25  up.  No  Agents — sold  direct. 

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Kalamazoo  Stove  Company,  Mfrs.,  Kalamazoo,  Michigan 


It’s  Easy  to  Have  Running 
Water  in  Your  Home  Today 


You’ll  not  want  another  winter  to  pass 
without  the  comfort  and  convenience  of  running 
water  in  every  part  of  your  home.  Even  if  you  do 
live  miles  from  city  water  mains,  you  may  enjoy 
,  ,  the  same  advantages  that  city  folks  have  in  bath¬ 

room,  laundry,  sprinkling,  watering  stock,  and  fire  protection. 

And  these  comforts  may  be  yours  without  the  worry  of  a  gravity  tank 
that  is  bound  to  decay,  freeze  and  leak,  and  is  but  a  temporary  makeshift.  For  the 
modern  water  supply  is  furnished  by  the 


The  manufacturer  who 
places  his  trade-mark  upon 
his  product  thereby  lndl- 
cates  to  you.  that  his  goods 
are  worthy  of  your  con¬ 
fidence.  The  word  -/bjrrfoje, 
on  every 

|  -feaden.  U/atCK.  fiwt&m-. 

Is  a  symbol  of  the  skill  and 
experience  that  must  go 
with  a  perfect  water  system. 
Your  protection  Is  assured 
only  when  this  mark  appeal's 
on  the  plant  you  buy. 


The  plant  that  you  select  will  operate  by  compressed  air, 
forcing  the  water  from  the  air-tight  steel  tank  in  basement  or 
underground,  beyond  all  danger  to  life  or  property.  Every  drop 
of  water  is  delivered  cool  and  refreshing,  both  summer  and 
winter.  No  danger  from  dirt,  dead  animals,  and 
wigglers”— outside  air  does  not  at  any  time  . 

touch  the  water.  Nor  can  your  plant  be  put  ',\S  . 

out  of  business  by  freezing,  if  properly  "•  '• 

Installed— and  it  will  last  a  lifetime  with- 
out  replacing.  ypf 

Make  it  unnecessary  to  carry  pail  after 
pall  of  water  from  the  pump  or  go  out  of  ... 
tho  house  on  stormy  days— such  primi- 
tive  methods  are  altogether  needless  .. 

In  this  day  of  comfort.  The  same  ■'v' 
plant  delivers  water  to  the  barn 


as  well— your  stock  need  not  leave  their  stalls  to  quench  their  thirst 
— and  the  water  is  never  freezing  cold. 

Have  you  hesitated  to  investigate,  waiting  for  a  perfect 
system  ?  Then  write  us  now,  and  talk  to  your  dealer  and 
architect.  For  the  Leader  Water  System  has  already  brought 
water  supply  comfort  and  happiness  to  fourteen  thousand 
homes— your  problem  can  be  just  as  easily  and  simply 
solved.  And  you  will  be  able  to  afford  the  cost — a  plant 
of  a  size  to  suit  you  and  operated  by  hand  or  any  style 
of  power,  is  at  your  service,  no  matter  where  you  live. 

Write  to-day  on  the  coupon  below  for  our  book, 

“The  Question  of  Water.”  It  tells  the  whole 
story  in  an  Interesting  way.  Also  ask  about  the 
Leader  Gasoline  Storage  Outfit  for  the  garage. 

Leader  Iron  Works 

Decatur,  Illinois  and  Owego,  New  York1 

Now  York  Office.  15  William  St  ,  Chicago  Office,  Monadnock  Block.  V 

Leader  Iron  Works,  4606  Jasper  St.,  Decatur,  III. 

Without  cost  or  obligation,  mail  me  your  book  “  The  Question 
of  Water,”  with  full  particulars  about  Leader  Water  Systems. 


Name. 


R.  F.  D.  or  Box., 


1T2 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

AN  ORCHARD  FOR  HOG  PASTURE. 

I  have  an  old  orchard  1%  acres,  good 
heavy  sod,  more  or  less  gravelly  I  wish  to 
fence  the  lot  and  make  a  hog  pasture  of  it. 
What  is  the  best  crop  to  put  in  for  the 
pigs,  vetch,  Alfalfa,  or  to  make  two  lots 
of  it  so  as  to  keep  it  green?  r.  A.  w. 

Cazenovia,  N.  Y. 

It  seems  to  me  that  P.  A.  W.  can  do 
no  better  than  to  sow  at  least  an  acre  of 
his  orchard  to  rape  and  the  remaining 
one-half  acre  to  Alfalfa,  provided  Al¬ 
falfa  will  grow  well  on  his  farm.  If  he 
has  never  trie'd'  to  grow  it  he  should 
make  plans  at  once  to  get  it  started  in 
this  orchard.  Alfalfa  is  the  first  thing 
in  the  Spring  to  make  a  green  bite,  and 
as  it  takes  nearly  two  months  for  rape 
to  get  large  enough  to  turn  into,  much 
time  would  be  lost  waiting  for  it.  Al¬ 
falfa  will  be  ready  as  soon  as  it  is  warm 
and  dry  enough  to  turn  stock  out.  Rape 
is  a  surface  feeder,  and  requires  lots  of 
moisture  or  it  will  not  produce  a  profit¬ 
able  crop.  Alfalfa,  on  the  other  hand, 
sends  its  roots  deep  in  the  soil  for  mois¬ 
ture,  and  docs  not  depend  so  much  on 
the  amount  of  rainfall.  It  would  have 
been  much  easier  to  secure  good  stands 
of  both  rape  and  Alfalfa  if  this  land  had 
been  plowed  last  Fall.  Rape  seed  is 
very  small  and  a  good  seed  bed  should 
•  be  made  for  it;  as  it  requires  only  three 
pounds  to  the .  acre  every  seed  should 
grow.  The  seed  costs  about  eight  cents 
a  pound.  I  have  had  no  personal  experi¬ 
ence  with  vetch,  but  from  reports  that 
come  from  those,  who  have  tried  it  it 
seems  as  though  rape  would  be  much 
more  profitable.  Vetch  seems  to  be  hard¬ 
er  to  get  started  than  does  Alfalfa.  It 
requires  about  a  bushel  of  seed  to  the 
acre,  costing  from  10  to  12  cents  per 
pound.  If  this  orchard  is  like  the  ma¬ 
jority  of  orchards  in  this  vicinity  it 
would  pay  P.  A.  W.  a  big  interest  on 
the  cost  to  have  the  trees  thoroughly 
trimmed  so  as  to  let  the  sunlight  in. 
By  following  the  method  outlined  above 
he  would  not  be  able  to  pasture  the  one- 
half  acre  of  Alfalfa  this  season,  but  by 
sowing  barley  at  the  rate  of  three  pecks 
to  the  acre  he  could  harvest  enough  to 
pay  all  costs.  There  seems  to  be  quite 
a  prejudice  as  to  pasturing  Alfalfa,  but 
with  a  good  ring  or  two  in  every  pig’s 
nose  and  the  lot  not  pastured  too  close 
it  will  do  no  harm.  c.  i.  hunt. 


PARASITES  IN  HORSES. 

I  see  in  the  “Ailing  Aninial"  column  a 
man  in  Maine  wishes  to  know  how  to  cure 
worms  and  hots ;  I  can  give  you  a  cure 
for  hots.  It  is  a  very  simple  recipe, 
but  it  is  effectual.  We  had  a  mare  that 
had  the  hot  colic,  and  thought  a  number 
of  times  she  would  not  live  through  it.  My 
uncle  is  a  veterinarian  and  he  told  us  to 
drench  daily  for  three  days  with  strong 
sourlcraut  juice,  one  quart  daily,  and  if  one 
application  does  not  seem  a  sufficient  cure, 
repeat  as  often  as  needed.  Feed  just  the 
same  as  before.  v.  w.  b. 

Ohio. 

It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  hots  in  the 
stomach  of  a  horse  do  not  cause  colic.  In 
a  very  few  instances  one  of  the  two  va¬ 
rieties  of  hots  may  occasion  discomfort  when 
they  are  passing  from  the  intestine  and 
happen  to  hook  on  to  the  lining  membrane 
of  the  rectum.  It  also  is  a  very  well-known 
fact  that  no  medicine  can  safely  be  given 
by  the  mouth  that  will  destroy  hots  in  the 
stomach  without  also  killing  the  horse.  We 
have  seen  hots  live  for  many  days  in  a 
strong  solution  of  formaldehyde  and  abso¬ 
lute  alcohol  does  not  kill  them  quickly.  It 
is  just  possible  that  hots  may  be  given 
dyspepsia  or  indigestion  or  caused  to  faint 
and  let  go  their  hold.  If  anything  could 
cause  such  effects  it  surely  would  be  sour- 
kraut  juice!  This  is  a  new  one.  Iloch  der 
cabbage !  :  a.  s.  a. 

Weaning  Foal. 

I  have  a  mare  with  colt  4%  months  old. 
The  mare  is  getting  very  poor,  and  the  colt 
Is  growing  well.  The  colt  eats  everything ; 
I  would  like  to  wean  it  on  account  of  the 
mare  getting  .thin,  but  she  has  plenty  of 
milk  yet.  Would  it  hurt  to  wean  the  colt? 
I  feed  my  mare  cotton-seed  meal,  dried  brew¬ 
ers’  grains  and  cob  corn.  Do  you  think 
dried  brewers’  grains  good  for  a  colt? 

New  Jersey.  s.  B. 

It  would  be  best  to  lessen  the  milk  flow 
before  weaning  the  foal.  Stop  feeding  the 
cotton-seed  meal  and  brewers’  grains  to  the 


mare.  Substitute  whole  oats  and  a  little 
corn  along  with  hay.  Let  her  run  out  doors 
as  much  as  possible  and  work  her  daily. 
When  the  milk  lessens  wean  the  foal  at 
once  and  be  done  with  it.  Then  strip  the 
milk  away  partially  two  or  three  times  a 
day,  as  long  as  found  necessary,  and  rub  the 
udder  with  camphorated  oil  at  same  time. 
Feed  the  foal  on  oats,  four  parts ;  bran,  one 
part ;  dried  brewers’  grains,  one-quarter 
part  along  with  mixed  hay.  a.  s.  a. 

Paralysis, 

I  have  a  thoroughbred  Shopshire  ram  16 
months  old,  which  has  been  running  on  a 
clover  pasture  with  about  20  others.  About 
seven  weeks  ago  lie  became  weak  in  his 
hind  legs.  After  a  short  time  he  began 
using  his  hind  legs  again,  and  became 
weak  in  front  legs.  Now  he  cannot  stand 
at  all,  but  crawls  along  on  the  ground.  I 
have  been  feeding  the  flock  a  grain  ration 
of  eight  quarts  of  oats  and  one  quart  of 
wheat  once  a  day.  lie  eats  and  drinks  and 
seems  perfectly  well  in  every  other  way. 
Do  you  think  he  will  get  well?  What  can 
I  do  to  help  him?  o.  M.  D. 

Michigan. 

It  is  improbable  that  the  ram  will  re¬ 
cover  at  the  present  stage,  but  timely  treat¬ 
ment  have  prevented  complete  paralysis. 
We  are  unable  to  state  what  has  caused  the 
condition.  It  sometimes  is  induced  by  con¬ 
stipation  and  the  irritation  of  intestinal 
parasites.  Pressure  upon  the  spinal  cord 
would  be  an  even  more  likely  cause. 

Thriftless  Pig. 

I  have  a  hog  about  seven  mouths  old; 
when  about  two  months  old  it  would  fall  or 
sit  down  and  squeal  as  though  in  severe 
pain.  It  still  has  those  spells ;  will  fall 
down  and  squeal  very  loud  and  sharp.  Its 
back  is  humped  up.  It  does  not  grow  or  do 
well ;  it  is  not  half  as  large  as  its  mate  of 
the  same  litter,  but  it  seems  to  eat  well. 
Can  you  give  me  any  information  what  to 
do  for  it?  D.  o.  s. 

Pennsylvania. 

We  suspect  that  the  pig  has  rickets,  in 
which  condition  the  bones  lack  the  proper 
proportion  of  mineral  matter.  It  will  not 
be  likely  to  prove  a  profitable  animal. 
Give  it  a  teaspoonful  of  turpentine  in  slop 
each  morning  for  five  days  and  repeat  the 
following  weak.  Feed  on  slop  made  of 
middlings,  cornmeal,  bran,  ground  (sereened) 
oats,  and  10  per  cent  of  digester  tankage. 
Once  daily  leave  out  the  tankage  and  mix 
limewater  with  the  slop  at  rate  of  one 
ounce  per  quart.  Allow  free  access  to  salt, 
wood  ashes,  charcoal  and  slaked  lime. 

A.  s.  A. 


Bryan’s  Colic  Remedy  for  Horses. 

.will  relieve  the  most  obstinate  ease  of  colic  within 
one  hour.  Price  $1.2:1  per  bottle,  by  mail,  in  the 
United  States  or  Canada 

BRYAN  DRUG  CO.,  Chatham,  N.  J, 


DOGS 


Collie  Pups 

Cl-OVERNOOK 


— GOLDEN  SABLE,  grandsons  of 
Ch.  Squire  of  Tytton,  $7.00  each. 
Stock  Farm,  Cliambersburg,  Pa. 


SCOTCH  COLI.IKS,  Spayed  Females,  two  to 
eightmos.  Circ.  SILAS  DECKER.  Montrose  Pa. 

PHI  I  IF  P||PC— From  imported  stock.  Females 

uULLIL  lUrO  cheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 


S3EIEEF  :  :  :  | 

Woodland  Dorsets 

Woodland  Dorsets  have  been  sold  into  practically 
every  State  in  the  Union,  and  are  giving  satisfac¬ 
tion.  I  can  spare  fifty  head  of  splendid  ewes,  all 
of  them  bred  to  a  very  fine  ram. 

CHAS.  B.  WING,  Mechanicsburg,  Ohio. 


IHROPSHIRES 


•reeding  right 


—  100  yearling  ewes;  40 

_ yearling  rams.  Price  and 

FRED  VAX  FLEET.  LODI.  N.Y. 


2 


Horses 


and  Mules 


Highland  View  Stock  Farm. 

Thirty-five  purebred  registered  Perclieron  Stallions 
and  Mares  for  sale.  Stallions  from  $300  up,  mares 
from  $400  up.  Address  all  correspondence  to 

O.  N.  WILSON,  Kittanning,  Pa. 

KENTUCKY  MAMMOTH  JACKS,  JEN- 
NETS  and  SADDLE  HORSES. 

We  are  the  Largest  Breeders  in  America  of  Mam¬ 
moth  Jacks.  Hampshire  and  Tam  worth  hogs.  Stock 
of  all  ages  for  sale.  J.  F.  COOK  8  CO.,  Lexington,  Ky. 


For  Sale  or  Exchange-?*^"! 

old  JACK,  nose  and  breast  mouse  color,  1514  hands 
high;  weighs  about  9f>0  lbs.  Will  sell  or  exchange 
for  registered  Holstein  cattle  or  registered  Shet¬ 
land  pony  mares,  or  Pereheron  stallion. 

S.  H.  ROBISON,  814  Walnut  St.,  Philadelphia. 


SHETLAND 

PONIES 

free.  BELLE  MEADE 


Unceasing  source  of  pleasure 
and  robust  health  to  children. 
Ideal  playmates.  Safe.  Inex¬ 
pensive  to  keep.  Stallions  and 
mares  for  breeding.  Complete 
outfits.  Illustrated  catalog 
FARM,  DEPT.  S,  MARKHAM.  VA. 


PIT  Pereheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 

DU  at  farmers'  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route], 
Middlefield.  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penna.  R.R.  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O. 


THE  PERCHERON  SOCIETY  OF  AMERICA 

Has  just  increased  its  capital  stock  to 
$100,000.  10,000  shares  of  $10  each.  3,000 

shareholders,  Nov.  28,  1910.  100  breeders 

have  taken  membership  since  Dec.  1st. 
Ninety-five  per  cent  of  the  Pereheron 
breeders  of  America  record  with  the 
Pereheron  Society.  *  *  *  *  * 

Information  pertaining  Perelierons  furnished.  Address 

WAYNE  DINSMORE,  Secretary, 
Union  Stock  Yards,  Chicago,  Ill. 


February  li, 


DAIRY  CA.TTLE 


LEARN  ABOUT  THE  GUERNSEY  COW 


Highest  Class  of  Dairy  Products 

EXCELLING  IN 

Natural  Color  and  Good  Flavor 


Get  the  Guernsey  Breeders *  Journal 

ONE  YEAR  FOR  $1.00 
(With  Rural  New  Yorker ,  only  $1.50) 

General  information  about  this  Breed,  so  rapidly  advanc¬ 
ing  in  popular  favor,  by  Addressing 

The  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club 

Box  R.  .  rETERBORO,  N.  H. 


BWfi  HOLSTEINS 

are  hied  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  hulls  for  sale:  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somerville,  N.  J. 


To  Avoid  Inbreeding,  We  Will  Sell  Our 
HKRI)  HULL 

AMERICA  BE  KOL  BURKE. 

A  great  son  of  the  great.  Do  Kol  Burke.  It  Will 
pay  you  to  come  and  sec  him.  Write  for  pedigree. 
Also,  four  months  Bull  Calf  for  sale 

<  LOVEHl»ALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

C,  S.  Hunt,  Owner  J.  J.  Eden,  Manager 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated.  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOL.STEI  N-FR1  ESI  AN  ASS’N  OF  AMERICA 
F.L.HOUGHTO  N.S  EC  Y.BOX  105.  BRATTLE  BORO.  VT. 


kn5o°w dt°h «°t  Fern’s  Jubilee  No.  73852 

A.  J.  (J.  G’.,  is  one  of  the  best  "butter  bred”  hulls 
in  the  world,  investigate.  Then  order  one  of  his. 
young  sons  before  it  is  too  late.  Nothing  over  three 
months  old  on  hand  at  present.  Address 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  -:-  Laurel  Farm,  -:-  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 


Breed  Up— Not  Down  foTycaB„uUmvto8 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  R.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Mtllr  Prnrhrrprc  ,or  New  ^ork  city  market 
1M11IY  riUUULCl*  desiring  information  how  to 

form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 


MAPLE  HURST  STOCK  FARMS,  Guilford,  Conn.,  offer  lor 
sale  4  Jersey  Bull  Calves  eligible  for  registry, 
7  Guernsey  Bull  Calves  eligible  to  registry.  Jer- 
seys  headed  by  Hood  Fa  rmPogls,  Guernseys  headed 
by  Imported  Fantine’s  Zac  Taylor.  Splendid 
specimens  of  both  breeds.  Four  magnificent  Berk¬ 
shire  Boar  Pigs  eligible  to  registry.  Sired  by  Hood 
Farm  Rex  and  dam  Hood  Farm  Dimih.  Also  20 
8  weeks  old  Chester  White  Pigs.  One  II  months 
old  Chester  White  Boar.  20  single  and  double 
comb  It.  I.  Red  Cockerels,  Tuttle  strain.  The 
above  stock  is  guaranteed  and  the  price  is  right. 


DAIRY  CALVES— Several  choice  high-grade  Holstein 
and  Guernsey  Bull  Calves.  3  to  4  weeks  old,  $15 
each,  crated  to  ship  anywhere.  Also  registered 
bulls  of  each  breed.  Edgewold  Farm,  Whitewater.  Wis. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Tub 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  10. 


:  ss  ~\7szr  x  j\t  3H 

v  »  -  -  •  •«*-«  .  .....  - J 

KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

...  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.Y 

I  ARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD-in 

*■*  each  of  t  lie  last  three  volumes  of  American  Berkshire  Keconl 
we  sold  and  registered  more  BerkMiires  than  any  other  breeder 
in  the  United  States.  The  large  proportion  went  to  old  custom, 
ers.  This  speaks  for  itself.  II.C.  &  li.lt.  liarpendin^  Dundee,  N.Y- 

SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.  ^fij 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON.  Proprietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 

A  BERKSHIRE  OR  DUROC  PIG  given  for  a 
-*  '  few  hours  of  your  time.  Stamp  for  particulars. 
PENNA.  BERKSHIRE  CIO.,  Fannettsburg,  Pa, 

PUBLIC  SALE  OF 

CHESHIRE  SWINE 

THE  NEW  YORK  STATE  COLLEGE  OF  AGRICULTURE 

AT  ITHACA,  N.  Y„  will  sell  about 

Thirty  Young  Boars,  Sows  and  Bred  Sows 

from  its  prize-winning  herd  on 

FRIDAY  of  FARMERS’  WEEK,  Feb.  24th 

At  2  o’clock  P.  M. 

Also,  at  the  same  time  and  place, 

5  Holstein  Cows  &  Heifers  and  5  Bull  Calves 

from  A.  It.  O.  stock,  and 

Three  Jersey  Bull  Caives 
Catalogue  ready  Foh.  10th.  Address 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ANIMAL  HUSBANDRY.  ITHACA,  N.  Y. 

CHELD0N  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
v  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNES.  Oxford,  N.  Y. 

nKIRHPQ  THE  KIG,  DEEP  FELLOWS 

UUnUUO  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  an.i  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 

CUNNY  BANK  FARM  BERK3HIRES  for  Sale.  Choice  fall 
0  Pigs,  both  sexes;  three  service  Boars.  A  few 
bred  Sows.  Price's  reasonable.  Registration  free. 
A.  F.  JONES,  Box  117,  Bridgehampton,  L.  1. 

DAIRY  CA.TTDE 

A  THOROUGHBRED  GUERNSEY  BULL  CALF  for  sale  at  a 
H  bargain.  Write  for  particulars  to  W.  I.  LIN¬ 
COLN  ADAMS,  135  West  14th  St.,  New  York,  N.Y. 

GUERNSEY  BULLS  For  SALE 

If  you  wish  to  purchase  a  high-class  Guernsey 
Bull  of  good  Adv.  It.  breeding,  write  to 

OTTO  W.  lJOST,  Knsknoke,  N.  Y. 

1CD0CVP — Combination  and  Golden  Lad;  for 
1  L  ft  1 1 1  1 1 1  sale,  2  cows,  7  heifers,  3  bulls. 
Ji.llUU  1  S.  E.  NIVTN.  Landenburg,  Pa. 

Guernsey  Gulls 

Two-year-old  and  yearling  registered  and  tested 
Bulls  for  Sale,  out  of  advanced  registered  parents. 
Now  is  the  time  to  get  a  good  herd  header  reason¬ 
able  HI LLHUltST  FARM, Orchard  Park,  N.Y, 


Contains  full  information  and  complete  feeding  directions  for  using 


Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal — The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute 


Three  or  four  calves  can  be  raised  on  it  at  the  cost  of  one  where  milk  is  fed. 
Wo  mill  feed  The  only  calf  meal  manufactured  in  an  exclusive  Calf  Meal  Factory 
Established  at  Leicester,  England,  in  1 800, 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory,  Waukegan,  Ill. 


100  Lbs. 


TRADE 


MARK 


AJAX  FLAKES 

THIS  valuable  distillers’  grain 
contains  about  31%  protein, 
13%  fat.  It  is  twice  as  strong  as 
bran.  You  cannot  make  milk 
.economically  if  you  use  bran. 
One  pound  of  AJAX  FLAKES 
does  the  work  of  two  pounds  of 
bran,  and  saves  $14.00  per  ton. 

AJAX  FLAKES 

holds  hundreds  of  official  records  and 
many  world’s  records.  It  is  used  and 
recommended  by  Cornell  Agricultural 
College,  Pennsylvania  State  College 
and  prominent  breeders.  You  should 
lay  in  your  supply  now. 

Send  for  Feeders'  Hand  Book  with 
tables  and  feeding  instructions. 

BEWARE  OF  IMITATIONS 

CHAPIN  &  CO. .  Seneca  &  Main  Sts., T  Buffalo,  N.Y. 


Registered 


D.S.Pff.OiT. 


GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS 
Protein  31-33V* 

Tp  *  -1 4% 

Carbohydrates  30-40% 
Fibre  12-14% 


\ 


1911. 

arguments  for  the  guernsey  cow. 

I  do  not  wish  to  discriminate  against 
any  breed  of  cattle.  All  breeds  are 
right  if  properly  handled  and  cared  for. 
Select  the  breed  which  is  properly 
adapted  for  your  trade  and  locality, 
and  then  stick  to  them.  Many  breeders 
of  dairy  cattle  are  disputing  over  beauty 
and  utility,  whether  we  can  have  the 
two  combined  into  one  animal.  In  look¬ 
ing  over  any  score  card  you  will  notice 
the  first  point  mentioned,  which  is  gen¬ 
eral  appearance.  When  you  go  into  a 
man’s  herd  the  first  thing  you  will  no¬ 
tice  is  the  general  appearance  of  the 
herd,  which  will  leave  an  impression 
that  will  long  be  remembered.  Then 
there  comes  the  productive  ability  of 
the  dairy  animal,  which  in  these  times 
when  feed  is  high  is  a  great  item  to 
the  dairyman,  who  must,  rely  upon  what 
his  cows  produce  at  the  pail ;  to  take 
this  feed  and  convert  it  into  the  right 
kind  of  a  product.  These  are  the  great 
factors  of  the  dairy  business,  and  I  can 
do  no  better  than  by  introducing  to  you 
the  Guernsey.  I  will  give  you  some  of 
the  reasons  why  I  believe  that  in  this 
particular  breed  we  have  everything  em¬ 
bodied  that  goes  towards  making  them 
the  great  breed  of  dairy  cattle  for  the 
American  dairyman.  Note  the  general 
appearance  of  the  Guernsey  cow  and  you 
will  find  her  a  rich-looking,  deep-bodied, 
sizeable  cow  with  an  expression  that  will 
please  every  lover  of  good  cattle.  You 
will  also  find  her  an  animal  easily  con¬ 
tented,  free  from  nervousness  of  move¬ 
ment  and  behavior.  I  have  never  in  all 
my  experience  had  the  least  trouble  in 
keeping  bulls  of  this  breed  under  per¬ 
fect  control  and  easily  broken  for  work 
in  tread-power,  cart  or  in  whatever  way 
you  may  choose  to  work  them.  In  this 
way  they  can  be  kept  for  service  up  to 
an  age  when  a  bull  is  at  his  best,  say 
from  five  to  10  years  of  age.  I  have 
yet  to  see  a  Guernsey  bull  led  into 
the  show  ring  or  public  sale  when  it 
was  necessary  to  have  more  than  one  at¬ 
tendant,  and  yet  I  have  seen  bulls  of 
other  breeds  where  it  required  two  and 
three  men  with  extra  fastenings  to  bring 
them  out  before  the  judge  and  the  pub¬ 
lic.  Just  the  other  day  I  had  a  well- 
known  breeder  of  Jersey  cattle  make  the 
remark,  after  I  had  led  out  the  Guern¬ 
sey  bull  Skeezicks,  that  lie  would  like 
to  see  me  take  out  a  like  representative 
of  his  breed.  Getting  back  again  to  the 
general  appearance  I  will  state  that  in 
my  estimation  nothing  looks  finer,  es¬ 
pecially  when  on  pasture,  than  a  herd 
of  Guernseys;  the  prevailing  color  of 
the  Guernsey  is  a  rich  yellow  fawn  with 
more  or  less  white  markings,  most  of 
them  having  a  white  triangle  on  the 
forehead. 

In  every  branch  of  agriculture  we 
find  men  trying  to  work  out  plans 
whereby  the  production  can  be  in¬ 
creased  ;  and  in  a  great  many  instances 
we  find  that  after  they  have  labored 
many  years,  having  acquired  these  re¬ 
sults,  they  have  lost  sight  of  the  quality, 
and  the  results  are  that  the  farmer  has 
to  fall  back  to  that  which  he  raised 
years  ago.  I  remember  attending  a 
corn  show  where  one  man  succeeded  in 
raising  140  bushels  of  fine  large  ears 
per  acre.  He  was  almost  certain  of 
capturing  first  prize,  when  to  his  dis¬ 
appointment  the  judge  placed  ahead  of 
his  a  little  ear  which  showed  quality, 
and  which  I  understood  produced  only 
96  bushels  per  acre.  So  it  is  in  these 
times  when  people  are  more  and  more 
appreciating  an  article  of  good  quality 
in  the  way  of  dairy  products,  and  it  is 
right  here  where  everyone  must  admit 
who  has  seen  the  quality  of  the  Guern¬ 
sey  product  that  it  cannot  be  excelled. 
This  the  cow  shows  in  the  marked  yel¬ 
lowness  of  the  skin,  which  is  more 
strikingly  developed  on  the  inside  of  the 
ear,  around  the  eye,  at  the  base  of  the 
horn  and  at  the  end  of  the  bone  of  the 
tail,  inclining  to  orange  on  the  udder, 


TH  E  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


173 


teats  and  hoofs,  which  she  gently  dis¬ 
places  into  her  product  without  any  ex¬ 
tra  expense  to  her  owner. 

At  present  we  are  milking  40  cows, 
separating  milk  and  selling  the  cream 
at  50  cents  per  quart  put  into  fibre  cans. 
We  also  make  some  butter  which  sells 
at  50  cents  per  pound  the  year  around, 
and  to  which  we  add  no  coloring  matter 
at  any  time.  While  manager  of  the 
Helendale  Farms,  Wisconsin,  we  had 
some  of  the  Guernsey  butter  entered  for 
scoring  at  the  National  Dairy  Show, 
which  was  marked  as  the  oleo  people 
now  have  to  do  “uncolored.”  When  the 
judges  came  to  this  package  they  had 
samples  sent  to  the  chemist  to  see 
whether  they  might  not  detect  some 
form  of  butter  color. 

The  Guernsey  was  the  first  cow  to  pro¬ 
duce  over  1,000  pounds  of  butter. 
This  record  was  made  by  Yeksa  Sun¬ 
beam  while  being  cared  for  by  the  writer. 
We  have  recently  completed  a  record 
with  the  four-y^ar-old  cow  Honor 
Bright,  who  milked  12,674  pounds  milk 
and  694.64  pounds  fat,  equal  to  810 
pounds  of  commercial  butter.  This  is 
the  largest  record  of  any  cow  of  any 
breed  in  the  State  of  Ohio,  and  also 
places  her  at  the  head  of  the  four-year- 
old  class  for  Guernsey  cattle.  The  Ad- 
( Continued  on  next  page.) 


The  Right  Paint 


For  This  Spring 

You  can’t  afford  to  let  your 
house  stand  exposed  till  oil  drops  in 
price.  The  way  things  look  now, 
the  buildings  would  be  paint-hungry 
before  that  time  comes. 

Get  the  cost  of  100  pounds  "  Dutch  Boy 
Painter”  White  Lead,  4  gallons  pure  linseed 
oil.  1  gallon  turpentine.  1  pint  turpentine 
drier — this  makes  8  gallons  of  pure  white  lead 
paint.  Divide  by  8  for  the  price  per  gallon  and 
compare  this  with  the  price  of  any  other  paint 
you’d  think  of  using. 

You’ll  find  that  the  best  is  the  cheapest;  also 
that,  after  all.  the  increase  in  the  cost  of  “  Dutch 
Boy  Painter”  White  Lead  made- to  -  order 
paint  is  trifling. 

Write  for  our  free  "Helps  No.  i08 ” 

It  answers  all  paint  questions. 

NATIONAL  LEAD  COMPANY 

An  office  in  each  of  the  following  cities: 

New  York  Boston  Buffalo  Cincinnati  Chicaeo 
Cleveland  St.  Louis  San  Francisco 
(John  T.  Lewis  A  Bros.  Company,  Philadelphia) 
(National  Lead  A  Oil  Company,  Pittsburgh) 


9  CORDS  IN  IOHOURS 

runs  easy  r  v— — ja. - ...  _  saws  nows 

'iX'i  So  ■  n.n-j— . TT  TREES 


BY  OXF.  MAS.  It’s  KING  OF  THE  WOODS.  Saves  money  and 

backache.  Send  for  FREE  catalog  No.  BS0,  showing  low  orice 
i  and  testimonials  from  thousands.  First  order  gets  agency. 

Folding  Sawing  Mach.  Co.  158  E-  Harrison  St.,  Chicago, 111. 


Shall  we 
send 
you  a 
Free 
Booklet 
about 

APPLETON  QUALITY 
WOOD  SAWS? 

It  6hows  pictures  of  all  our  styles.  Tells 
you  the  things  you  ought  to  know  about 
the  saw  you  buy ,  gives  you  straight  facts— 
statements  wh;ch  we  guarantee  our  saws 
to  back  up.  You  need  the  booklet  to  help 
you  pick  out  exactly  the  saw  you  want 
whether  it  be  for  cord  wood ,  poles  or  logs. 
You  will  also  be  interested  In  our  portable 
wood  sawing  rig  shown, 

Also  ask  for  our  free  general  catalogue 
about  corn  shellers,  manure  spreaders, 
windmills,  etc.  Send  for  the  catalogue 
now  while  you  think  of  it. 

Appleton  Mfg,  Co. 


ONCE  upon  a  time  it  may  have  been 

necessary  to  pay  a  high  price  for  a  good  name  on  a  farm 
implement,  but  those  days  are  past.  Our  purchase  of  the 
great  David  Bradley  plant  put  the  price  question  on  a 
business  basis. 

C.  Business ,  to  us,  is  not  a  matter  of  taking  all  we  can  get 
and  giving  as  little  as  possible — it’s  our  idea  to  give  all  we 
can ,  because  we  know  by  experience  in  dealing  with  farmers 
that  the  more  we  give  in  valuey  the  more  we  get  in  volume. 


HERE’S  AN  EXAMPLE: 

David  Bradley 
X-Rays  No.  2 
Sulky  Plow  -  -  Complet# 


*29= 


Even  if  other  manu¬ 
facturers  knew  how 
to  make  as  good  a 
plow,  they  couldn’t 
do  it,  because  the  fea¬ 
tures  which  make  the 
David  Bradley 
X-Rays  No.  2  the 
best  of  all  sulky 
plows  are  patented, 
and  these  patents 
owned  exclusively  by 
us.  No  one  can  equal 
the  X-Rays  No.  2. 


ground;  suction  of  share  holds  It  there.  For 
tide  hill  work  it  can’t  be  beat,  because  furrow 
wheels  can  be  adjusted  from  the  seat  with  team 
in  motion. 

Bradley  Patent  Spring  Clevis  lightens  all  jars; 
makes  It  easier  for  plow,  man  and  team. 
Your  horses’  shoulders  never  sore. 

Bottoms.  The  celebrated  David  Bradley  Gar¬ 
den  City  Clipper,  the  best  by  seventy-nine 
years’  test.  Any  size  or  shape  you  need. 

These  are  but  a  few  of  the  many  advantages  of 
the  X-Rays  No.  2  over  all  others. 


Frame  is  heavy  %-lnch  steel;  can’t  spring  in 
hardest  ground. 

Strong  high  wheels;  9-lnch  bearing  Bradley 
patent  dustproof  magazine  hubs-  One  oiling 
does  for  40  acres. 

High  Foot  Lift.  The  slightest  tread  of  any  boy 
old  enough  to  drive  raises  plow  point  7  Inches 
from  ground  with  team  at  a  standstill. 

Short  Hitch.  Team  coupled  up  close;  no  side 
draft.  Turns  square  comers  either  way,  plow 
In  or  out  of  ground. 

The  best  plow  for  stony  ground.  Bottom  can  be 
left  to  float  and  dodge;  need  not  be  locked  in 

C  Refer  to  our  big  General  Catalog  for  pictures,  complete 
descriptions  and  prices  of  David  Bradley  Plows,  Harrows, 
Planters,  Cultivators,  etc.,  the  farm  tools  backed  by  eighty 
years  of  knowing  how;  or  send  today  for  our  Book  of  David 
Bradley  Farm  Implements. 

We  can  always  supply  promptly  any  repair  part  for  any  Bradley 
implement,  no  matter  when  or  where  bought. 

- SEARS.R0EBUCRtoo - 


Square  Standard  Means  Square  Deal. 


The  Le  Roy  Plow  Co.,  Le  Roy,  N.  Y.,  have  built  up  a 

wonderful  reputation  on  a  wonderful  Walking 
Plow.  Now  to  meet  the  almost  universal  demand  for 
Riding  Plows,  this  Company  has  worked  its 
special  plow  experts  overtime  and  the  Result  is 
the  most  perfect,  practical.  Riding  Plow 
offered  to  the  practical  farmer.  Easy  and  con¬ 
venient  toot  trip.  Extreme  Pole  Shilt.  Tilt¬ 
ing  Seat.  All  Steel  Frame  (others 
are  east  iron)  Patent  Square  Steel  Jointer 
Standards — Chilled  Iron  or  Steel  Bot¬ 
toms,  best  of  all  Easy  Draft  and  Easy 
•o  Operate,  the  same  as  the  big-  line  of 
Le  Roy  Walking  Plows.  Ask  for  our 
1911  catalogue. 

You  usually  can  find  them  with  your 
best  dealers. 


|*|  LE  ROY  PLOW  CO.,  Le  Roy,  N.  Y. 

tk’XXZZ 


Protein 

is  the  food  element  which  produces  flesh,  blood,  skin,  hair,  wool,,  casein  of 
milk  and  albumen  of  eggs,  all  of  which  determine  the  value  of  your  stock. 
Its  content  of  Protein  must  therefore  determine  the  real  worth  of  any 
concentrated  food.  Home-grown  products  lack  the  proper  amount  of 
Protein,  which  means  that  your  stock  may  get  all  they  auant  to  eat  and  still 
not  do  as  avell  as  they  should.  Supplement  your  feeding  with 

Sherwin-Williams  Linseed  Meal 


which  is  guaranteed  to  contain 
not  less  than  33%  Protein.  It  is 
so  well  and  honestly  made  that  it 
invariably  tests  out  from  1%  to  3 
points  over  the  guarantee.  A 
report  just  received  from  Purdue 
Universityshowsover38%  Protein. 
It  is  always  fresh,  rich  and 
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Our  free  booklet  contains  expressions 
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LINSEED  OIL  DEPARTMENT 
658  CANAL  RD.,  CLEVELAND,  O. 


174 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Arguments  for  the  Guernsey  Cow. 

(Continued  from  page  173.) 

vance  Registry  of  Guernseys  consists  of 
1,112  cows  with  an  average  of  8,051.20 
pounds  milk,  409.75  pounds  fat;  average 
fat  5.121.  In  the  great  Iowa  dairy  cow 
contest  the  cow  Dairymaid  of  Pine- 
hurst  won  the  honors  for  the  best  pro¬ 
ducing  cow  of  any  breed,  making  as  a 
three-year-old  14,562  pounds  milk  and 
860.26  pounds  butter  fat.  In  the  Wis¬ 
consin  cow  contest  the  three-year-old 
Guernsey  Matinee  Girl  won  first  honors 
for  the  month  of  October,  having  to 
her  credit  68.041  pounds  fat.  At  the 
Pan-American  model  breed  test,  the  only 
test  ever  held  of  its  kind  where  all 
breeds  were  represented,  the  Guernsey 
herd  showed  the  greatest  net  profit  in 
production  of  butter  fat  and  churned 
butter.  The  Guernsey  cow  Mary  Mar- 


range.  Our  brooder  houses  are  in  a 
seven-acre  orchard.  After  they  go  on 
free  range  they  are  put  on  hopper  and 
are  hopper-fed  until  they  are  put  in 
the  henhouse  in  the  latter  part  of  Oc¬ 
tober.  The  roosters  which  we  do  not 
want  to  sell  for  breeders  are  put  on  the 
commission  markets  when  they  weigh  a 
pound  or  a  pound  and  a  half. 

The  pullets  are  housed  about  October 
20  in  our  long  laying  house,  which  has 
23  rooms  15  feet  square.  The  floors 
are  covered  with  straw  eight  or  10 
inches  deep.  There  is  a  droppings  board 
under'  the  roosts  which  is  cleaned  once 
per  week,  and  the  floors  once  about 
every  six  weeks  in  the  Winter  and  not 
so  often  in  the  Summer. 

Our  methods  of  feeding  the  laying 
stock  are  the  following:  One  quart  of 
wheat  to  50  hens  in  the  morning  scat¬ 
tered  in  the  litter,  the  same  amount  of 


THE  HEAD  OF  AN  OHIO  GUERNSEY  HERD.  Fig.  56. 


shall  made  the  greatest  profit  of  any 
cow  of  any  breed  in  production  of  but¬ 
ter  fat  and  churned  butter.  When  I 
look  back  and  see  the  advancement  that 
has  been  made  in  the  past  few  years, 
and  the  steady  demand  we  have  for  this 
particular  breed,  I  look  for  a  great  fu¬ 
ture.  Every  farmer  who  will  use  a  good 
purebred  bull  to  grade  up  his  herd  will 
never  regret  it.  In  conclusion  I  want 
to  state  that  I  would  not  advise  anyone 
to  get  purebred  cattle  before  he  knows 
how  to  take  care  of  them  properly.  Be¬ 
gin  by  grading  up  your  herd,  and  I  will 
guarantee  that  you  never  got  as  much 
enjoyment  out  of  any  one  thing  as  to 
see  the  wonderful  improvement  you  can 
make  in  your  native  cows,  after  which  it 
is  all  right  that  a  man  should  get  a  few 
females.  chas.  h.  drissen. 

Ohio.  Supt.  Chestnut  Hlil  Farm. 


THAT  WEST  VIRGINIA  POULTRY  PLANT. 

On  the  first  page  Mr.  Angevine  tells  us 
about  the  Willow  Wall  Poultry  Farm.  This 
is  a  peculiar  plant  in  many  respects,  and 
we  asked  Mr.  McNeill  for  a  few  more  de¬ 
tails.  lie  gives  them  in  the  following  ar¬ 
ticle. 

We  started  into  the  poultry  business 
in  1905  with  220  eggs  from  C.  H. 
Wyckoff,  and  raised  30  pullets  from 
these,  and  there  we  laid  the  foundation 
of  our  own  line-bred  strain.  We  have 
built  up  from  year  to  year  until  we  have 
been  wintering  the  last  few  Winters 
1600  to  1700  hens.  We  start  our  in¬ 
cubators  the  10th  of  March.  We  have 
a  machine  with  a  combined  capacity  of 
3,000  eggs.  This  gives  us  our  first 
batch  on  the  first  of  April  and  the  sec¬ 
ond  the  25th.  This  gives  us  our  chick¬ 
ens  early,  and  we  can  get  them  to  laying 
early  in  the  Fall.  After  our  chicks  are 
hatched  they  are  put  in  brooders  of  our 
own  make  three  feet  square,  which  are 
put  in  brooder  houses  6x6  feet,  five  feet 
high  in  front  and  three  feet  high  in  the 
back.  The  brooders  are  covered  with 
oat  straw  chaff  (wheat  chaff  not  being 
used  on  account  of  the  beards  getting 
in  the  chicks'  eyes).  The  brooders  are 
heated  with  a  kerosene  lamp  to  a  tem¬ 
perature  of  90  to  100  degrees,  and  each 
brooder  is  supplied  with  a  pan  of  fine 
grit,  which  is  their  first  meal,  and  noth¬ 
ing  else  is  given  until  the  following  day, 
when  bread  crumbs  and  water  are  given. 
They  are  fed  exclusively  on  bread 
crumbs  until  they  get  to  eating  well,  that 
is  for  four  or.  five  meals.  The  feed  is 
then  changed  to  chick  food  prepared  by 
ourselves,  which  consists  of  50%  wheat, 
30%  corn,  10%  oatmeal,  8%  beef  scraps 
and  2%  grit.  They  are  fed  five  times 
per  day  until  they  are  two  weeks  old, 
when  they  are  fed  only  twice  per  day, 
the  chick  food  being  given  only  morn¬ 
ing  and  evening  and  sprouted  oats  at 
noon.  They  are  confined  in  a  small  yard 
constructed  of  one-inch  mesh  wire  two 
feet  high  until  they  begin  to  fly  out, 
which  is  when  they  are  three  to  four 
weeks  old;  they  are  then  turned  on  free 


corn  in  the  evening  fed  in  like  manner. 
We  keep  a  ground  mash  before  them 
all  the  time,  which  consists  of  corn, 
wheat  and  oats  ground  together  pretty 
fine,  the  same  amount  of  each  being 
used.  Beef  scraps,  charcoal,  grit,  oyster- 
shells  and  fresh  pure  water  are  kept 
constantly  before  them.  Green  food  is 
fed  at  noon,  such  as  sprouted  oats,  tur¬ 
nips  with  green  tops,  cabbage  or  any 
succulent  food.  Dampened  Alfalfa  is 
kept  before  them  also.  d.  b.  m'neiix. 


Why  Don’t  You 
Use 


ROOFING . 
It  Needs  No 
Painting  !** 


EVERYTHING  about  Amatite  ap¬ 
peals  to  the  man  with  common 
sense.  He  can  see  its  superiority 
at  once— the  real  mineral  surface 
which  never  needs  painting;  the  two 
layers  of  Pitch  which  is  the  only 
imperishable  waterproofing  known; 
the  two  layers  of  heavy  Tarred  Felt 
—all  these  contribute  to  the  pop¬ 
ularity  of  Amatite. 

We  can  make  Amatite  better  and 
cheaper  than  anyone  else  on  account 
of  our  greater  facilities,  and  conse¬ 
quently  we  sell  it  at  a  surprisingly 
low  figure. 

Simply  the  fact  that  it  needs  no 
painting  is  enough  to  make  a  man 
sit  up  and  take  notice — especially 
the  man  who  has  spent  dollars  and 
days  in  painting  and  repainting  his 
smooth  surfaced  roofings. 

Write  to-day  for  free  sample  and 
booklet  to  nearest  office. 


arrett  Manufacturing  Co. 

New  York.  Chicago,  Philadelphia, 
Boston,  Cincinnati,  Minneapolis, 
leveland,  Pittsburg.  New 
Orleans,  Kansas  City, 

SG  Ixmis. 

Seattle. 


February  11, 

■ 


About  This  Cow 

“ Dolly  Dimple ”,  champion  Guern¬ 
sey  Cow  at  3 %  years,  owned  by  F. 
Lathrop  Ames,  Langwater  Farms, 
Forth  Easton,  Mass.  Year's  record 
18458  lbs.  Milk,  906-89  lbs.  Fat.  Ration 
included  2537  lbs.  of  Dried  Beet  Pulp. 


Are  You  Turning  All  Your 
Ration  Into  Profits? 


ORDINARY  ration  clogs  in  the  cow’s  Dried  Beet  Pulp  is  simply  our  native  Sugar 
stomach — some  of  it  never  makes  milk.  Beet,  only  sugar  and  water  extracted,  succu- 
Dried  Beet  Pulp,  fed  with  it,  loosens  lent  and  palatable.  A  customer  writes:  “It 
it  up,  increases  milk  the  first  week,  10  per  is  all  you  claim  and  more— increased  milk  14 
cent  in  three  weeks.  per  cent — cost  of  feed  remains  the  same.  ’  ’ 

We  Make  It  Easy  For  You  To  Try 


Co  to  your  dealer,  show  him  this  advertisement,  tell  him  you 
want  to  try  a  sack  of  Dried  Beet  Pulp  at  our  risk.  Insist 
Feeil  one  sack,  mixing  the  Dried  Beet  Pulp  with  a  properly 
balanced  grain  ration.  If  the  cow  selected  does  not  give 
more  milk,  we  authorize  the  dealer  to  return  to  you  in  full 
your  purchase  money,  and  we  will  in  turn  refund  to  him. 
You  will  deal  with  the  man  you  know  and  you  alone  will 
decide.  If  you  want  more  information,  write  at  once  for 


To  Dealers  Everywhere  East  Of  The 
Mississippi  River  Except  In  States 
Of  Wisconsin  and  Michigan 

You  are  authorized  to  sell  to  any  dairyman  who  will  agree 
to  give  the  feed  a  fair  honest  trial,  one  sack  of  our  Dried 
Beet  Pulp  and  to  guarantee  to  refund  the  purchase  price  if 
after  the  dairyman  has  fed  it  to  one  cow  for  three  weeks  the 
cow  has  not  increased  her  milk  production;  we  will  reimburse 
you  for  your  expenditure.  If  you  do  not  carry  Dried  Beet 
Pulp  in  stock,  write  us  quickly  for  our  proposition.  Please 
mention  this  paper. 


our  fine  free  book.  “Feeding  for  Larger  Profits.” 

THE  LARROWE  MILLING  CO.  622  Ford  Building,  Detroit,  Michigan 


En^n'eS-KEROSENE 


For  Farm,  Shop  and  Home 

Runs  perfectly  on  kerosene,  gasoline, 
distillate,  any  fuel  oil.  Hundred  less 
parts.  Patent  throttle  gives  three  en¬ 
gines  for  price  of  one.  Single  spark 
ignition  saves  75%  battery  cost.  Force 
feed  lubricator — perfect  oiling.  Double 
duty  tank  r  e  v  o-  We  Pay  the  Freiflht 
lutioni?es  cooling  sys¬ 
tems.  Automobile  muffler 
Ball  bearing  governoi 
Starts  instantly,  no 
pre-heating,  no  crank. 

Experience  unneces 
aary  Women  can  op¬ 
erate.  Mounted  on  / 
skids  or  trucks  Vib-  /  ^ 
ration  eliminated. 

Comes  complete,  test- 
od,  ready  to  run 
Twice  as  good  at  half 
the  price/ 

Free  Trial 

No  obligation  till  satis* 

•  fiod  10-year  guarantee. 

rj  “Engine  Facts ”  free ; 
write  for  it  NOW 

EL, LIS  ENGINE  C07 
Mullet!  St.,  Oetroil.  Mick 


DAIRY  SUPPLIES 

Equipping  dairies,  large  and  small,  with  the 
latest  improved  labor-saving  and  money-making 
utensils  is  our  specialty.  Send  dimensions  of 
room  and  results  desired  and  our  experts  will 
relieve  you  of  the  intricate  details  and  send  you 
a  detailed  statement  of  equipment  and  cost. 
References  furnished.  Write  us  to-day. 

WISNER  MFG.  CO..  Established  1839 
230 -A  Greenwich  St.,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


Death  the  Stomach 
Worms  Guaranteed 

"We  will  Bend  you  100  lbs.  of  RH. 
HOLLAND'S  MEDICATED  STOCK 
SALT  on  60  days’  trial  freight 
prepaid.  If  you  derive  no  benefit, 
It  costs  you  nothing;  if  you  do,  it 
costs  you  $5.00.  Give  ua  your  or¬ 
der  at  once. 

The  HOLLAND  STOCK  REMEDY 
COMPANY,  Wellington,  Ohio. 


Your  FATHERS 


uncles,  older  brothers  and 
MAYBE  YOU 
sawourad.intheseculiimns 
Twenty  Odd  Years  Ago 
bought  the  CHARTER  and  it 
is  in  use  yet.  Record  ? 
Want  our  Catalog’  State 
Power  needs. 

Gasoline.  Kerosene,  etc. 


Charter  Gas  Engine  Co.,  P.  0.  Box  2G,  Sterling,  III.,  U.S.  A 


AIR 

COOLED 

FOR  ALL  WORK 


THE  BEST  FARM  POWER 

Marathon,  N.  Y„  Feb.  18, 1910. 
Gentlemen: — Threshed  48  bus.  Buckwheat  per  hour.  Started 
easy  last  winter,  temperature  15°  below  zero.  George  H.  Guy. 

GET  CATALOG  NO.  5. 

14  0  SIIERIDAN 
S  T  It  E  E  T 


IT  WILL  DO  IT  FOR  YOU. 

TkiNtw-WayHoTCR  Company 

LAMStKG,  tflCMGA*.  U.S.A. 


GALLOWAY 


YOU 
$50  to  $300 


SAVE  from  $50  to  $300  by  buying  your  gasoline  engine  of  1%  to  28-H.-P.  froiD 
a  real  engine  factory.  Save  dealer,  jobber  and  catalogue  house  profit.  No  such  offer 
as  I  make  on  the  class  of  engine  I  sell  has  ever  been  made  before  in  all  Gasoline  Engine 
history.  Here  is  the  secret  and  reason  :  1  turn  them  out  all  alike  by  the  thousands  in  my 
enormous  modern  factory,  equipped  with  automatic  machinery.  I  sell  them  direct  to  you 
for  less  money  than  some  factories  can  make  them  at  actual  shop  cost. 

All  you  pay  me  for  is  actual  raw  material,  labor  and  one  small  profit  (and  I  buy  my 
material  :n  enormous  quantities). 

Anybody  can  afford  and  might  just  as  well  have  a  high  grade  engine  when  he 
can  get  in  on  a  wholesale  deal  of  this  kind.  I’m  doing  something  that  never  was 
done  before.  Think  of  it  1  A  price  to  you  that  is  lower  than  dealers  and 
jobbers  can  buy  similar  engines  for,  in  carload  lots,  for  spot  cash. 

An  engine  that  is  made  so  good  in  the  factory  that  I  will  send 
it  out  anywhere  in  the  U.  S.  without  an  expert  to  any  inexperienced 
users,  on  30  days’  free  trial,  to  test  against  any  engine  made  of 
similar  horse-power  that  sells  for  twice  as  much,  and  let  him 
be  the  judge.  Sell  your  poorest  horse  and  buy  a 


Only  $119.50 


Get  Galloway's 
and  Best 
BOOK 


GASOLINE 

ENGINE 


Write  today  for  my  beautiful  new  50-page  Engine  Book  in  four 
colors,  nothing  like  it  ever  printed  before,  full  of  valuable  information, 
showing  how  I  make  them  and  how  you  can  make  more  money  with  a 
gasoline  engine  on  the  farm.  Write  me — 

Wm.  Galloway,  Pres.,  Wm.  Galloway  Co. 
QBS  Galloway  Station,  Waterloo,  Iowa 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


176 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  souare  deal."  See  guarantee  page  10. 


Genasco 

Ready  Roofing 

Put  it  on  the  roof  of  all  your 
buildings,  and  you’ll  have  peace 
of  mind,  comfort,  satisfaction, 
and  economy  ;  you’ll  have  abso¬ 
lute  and  lasting  weather-protec¬ 
tion. 

Genasco  is  made  of  Trinidad  Lake 
asphalt — the  natural  and  only  perfect 
waterproofer. 

The  Kant-leak  Kleet  keeps  seams 
waterproof  without  cement.  Supplied 
with  Genasco,  when  specified. 

Ask  your  dealer  for  Genasco,  and  be  sure  to 
look  for  the  trademark.  Mineral  or  smooth 
surface.  A  written  guarantee,  if  you  want  it. 
Write  for  samples  and  the  Good  Roof  Guide 
Book. 

THE  BARBER  ASPHALT 
PAVING  COMPANY 

Largest  producers  of  asphalt,  and  largest 
manufacturers  of  ready-roofing  in  the  world. 

PHILADELPHIA 

New  York  San  Francisco  Chicago 

Cross-section,  Genasco  Stone-surface  Roofing 

ggpyseg Gravel 
■—————■I—  Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 
fe'==i,=i=.'==.‘=L=.=k  Asphalt-saturated  Wool  Felt 
IMBiMMBMBWWMBjj  Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 

Asphalt-saturated  Wool  Felt 


rDI  IMQ'C  IMPROVED 
V^KUmOd  WARRINER 

STANCHION 


H.  A.  Moyer,  Syracuse, 
N.  Y.,  says  “  they 


SAVE  COST 


in  feed  in  one  winter.” 

Send  address  for  speci¬ 
fications  of  inexpensive 
yet  sanitary  cow  stable  to 

WALLACE  11.  CRUMB,  Box  M2,  Forestvllle,  Conn, 


COW  COMFORT 

Means  additional  profit.  Simple, 
durable,  easily  locked.  Foster 
Steel  Stanchion*  cannot  bo 
opened  by  the  cattle.  Top  and  bot¬ 
tom  chains  permit  free  head  move¬ 
ment,  standing  or  lying  down,  yet 
keep  cattle  lined  up  and  clean. 
Write  for  new  booklet  showing 
model  stables. 

Foster  Steel  Stanchion  Co., 

906  Ins.  Bldg.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


EXCELSIOR  SWING  STANCHION 

Warranted  The  Best.  30  Days’  Triag 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  when  open 
Noiseless  Simple  Sanitary  Durable 

The  Wasson  Stanchion  Co., 
Box  60,  -t-  Cuba,  N.  Y. 


ROBERTSON’S  C II  AIN 
HANGING  STANCHIONS 

“I  have  used  them  for  more 
than  TWENTY  YEA  US,  and  they 
have  given  the  very  best  of  satis¬ 
faction  In  every  way,”  write* 
Justus  H.  Cooley,  M.I>.,  Plainfield 
Sanitarium,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

Thirty  days*  trial  on  application 
©.  II.  KOBERTSON 
Wash.  St.,  Forest  vl  I  Jet  Conn. 


N^EELB  ARROW  LABOR 

Sows  evenly.  No  need  \Jr  SEED 

to  wait  for  quiet  day.  ^ 

Sows  Timothy,  Clover,  Alsike,  Alfalfa,  Millet,  Turnip,  etc. 
Two  sizes:  H  ft.  and  16  ft.  Auger  feed.  Wood  frame.  Satis¬ 
faction  guaranteed.  Prompt  shipment.  If  your  dealer 
doesnot  handle  the  “STAR”  write  us  for  booklet. 

STAR  SEEDER  CO.,  Box  R,  Shortsville,  N.  Y. 


It  Will  Please  You 


because  of  its  long  wearing  qualities,  its  modern 
and  sanitary  construction  ana  its  superior  finish, 
these  wagons  forma  strong  contrast  to  the  ordi- 
nary  delivery  outfits  owing  to  their  individual 
style  and  pleasing  appearance.  A  new  catalogue 
illustrating  and  describing  our  modern,  sanitary 
unlk  wagons  will  he  mailed  on  request.  Address 

the  parsons  wagon  CO., 

Daibx  Dept.  Earlville,  N.  T. 


MILK.. 

New  York  exchange  price  is  $1.81  per 
40-quart  can,  netting  3%  cents  to  shippers 
in  26-cent  freight  zone  who  have  no  addi¬ 
tional  station  charges. 


Nearly  all  milk  is  sold  through  dealers; 
price  paid  to  producer  15  cents  per  gallon, 
retail  price  from  wagon,  seven  cents  per 
quart,  four  cents  per  pint.  Some  few 
peddle  their  own  milk.  Cream  is  furnished 
confectioners  and  ice  cream  manufacturers 
.  t  40  to  60  cents  per  gallon,  delivered,  ac¬ 
cording  to  per  cent  of  cream.  r.  l.  r. 

Lancaster,  O. 


In  answer  to  E.  M.  R.’s  recent  inquiry 
\  as  to  the  practicability  of  milking  ma¬ 
chines,  I  am  pleased  to  state  we  have 
operated  two  machines  for  about  four 
weeks,  and  pronounce  them  a  grand  suc¬ 
cess  ;  one  man  operating  two  machines  can 
easily  milk  20  heavy  milkers  in  an  hour. 
The  cows  take  to  the  machines  readily, 
and  we  believe  do  the  work  better  than 
the  average  man  would  do  the  old  way. 

Eden,  N.  Y.  h.  a.  b. 


Retail  price  of  milk  is  eight  cents  per 
quart,  the  year  around.  Producers  get  an 
average  of  12  cents  per  gallon  wholesale. 
Perhaps  half  of  retailers  produce  their  own 
supply,  the  rest  buy  from  farmers.  My 
observations  lead  to  the  conclusion  that 
the  retailer  has  much  the  best  of  it.  Poul¬ 
try  varies  so  with  the  season  that  no  quo¬ 
tation  would  stand  for  more  than  one  week. 
Early  broilers  wholesale  at  25  cents  per 
pound,  live  weight,  and  scale  down  as 
the  season  advances  to  as  low  as  12  cents 
live  weight  for  fowls.  J.  A.  H. 

Mingo  Junction,  O. 


In  Lancaster  milk  is  supplied  by  dairy¬ 
men  and  farmers  who  deliver  direct  to  con¬ 
sumers  at  six  to  seven  cents  per  quart. 
Some  dairymen  buy  from  their  neighbors 
when  they  do  not  have  enough  to  supply 
their  trade;  they  pay  12  cents  per  gallon 
in  Summer  and  15  cents  in  Winter.  Price 
of  butter,  26  cents  ;  eggs,  25  cents  ;  chickens, 
10  cents ;  apples,  $1  to  $2  per  bushel,  de¬ 
livered  at  store ;  potatoes,  70  cents ;  hay, 
$15  per  ton.  A  good  deal  of  spraying  was 
done  here  last  year,  but  most  of  the  fruit 
was  killed  by  late  frosts.  Lancaster  has  a 
population  of  something  over  13,000  ;  is  the 
country  seat  of  Fairfield  County.  Land 
here  is  high,  from  $50  to  $150  per  acre. 

Lancaster,  O.  j.  c.  H. 


Most  of  the  milk  produced  in  Tuscarawas 
County  is  consumed  in  our  several  towns 
of  New  Philadelphia,  Canal  Dover,  Denni¬ 
son  and  Uhrichsville,  which  have  a  combined 
population  of  22,000.  Part  of  this  milk 
is  sold  by  the  producers  and  part  by  ped¬ 
dlers,  who  buy  direct  from  the  producer.  It 
is  now  retailing  at  seven  cents  per  quart ; 
the  wholesale  price  varies  from  12  cents  to 
15  cents  per  gallon.  There  is  considerable 
Swiss  cheese  manufactured,  but  not  as  much 
as  a  few  years  since.  The  price  they  re¬ 
ceived  at  the  cheeseries  was  based  on 
the  price  the  cheese  sold  for.  Hence  the 
price  varied  from  $1  per  hundred  pounds  to 
$1.20.  Recently  there  has  developed  quite 
a  trade  in  cream.  It  is  mostly  shipped  to  a 
Columbus  creamery,  the  price  of  cream  is 
fixed  by  the  quotation  from  the  Elgin  Board 
of  Trade,  and  varies  from  28  cents  to  32 
cents  per  pound  of  butter  fat.  A  very  small 
amount  of  milk  is  shipped  to  outside  cities. 

New  Philadelphia,  Ohio.  h.  s.  b. 


The  New  York  City  Board  of  Health  at 
its  meeting  January  31  decided  that  after 
Dec.  31,  1911,  all  milk  and  cream  sold  in 
New  York  must  be  graded  or  pasteurized. 
This  is  not  to  include,  however,  milk  used 
for  cooking  or  manufacturing  purposes.  It  is 
the  intent  of  the  board  that  milk  used  for 
the  feeding  of  infants  and  children  must 
be  certified,  guaranteed  or  pasteurized  un¬ 
der  special  regulations  of  the  department 
and  must  he  sold  only  in  bottles.  This  is 
to  be  known  as  grade  A.  The  B  grade  of 
milk  may  be  used  by  adults.  It  may  be 
sold  in  bottles  or  containers,  but  it  must 
not  be  dipped.  It  will  include  the  A  grade 
and  milk  pasteurized  under  the  depart- 
inert’s  ordinary  -regulations.  No  milk  in¬ 
ferior  to  this  shall  he  sold  for  drinking 
purposes.  The  supervision  of  the  depart¬ 
ment  is  to  be  specially  concentrated  on 
these  two  grades.  The  third  or  C  grade 
embraces  all  other  milk  complying  with 
department  regulations  and  may  be  sold  in 
bottles  or  from  cans. 


lhis  is  not  a  dairy  section,  but  devoted 
to  general  farming.  A  very  large  portion 
of  the  farmers  keep  mongrel  stock  of  beef 
varieties.  Some  milk  is  sold  close  to  the 
towns.  The  dealers  pay  from  $1.25  to 
$1.75  per  100  pounds  on  the  farm,  and  the 
consumer  pays  from  five  to  seven  eents  a 
quart.  All  our  surplus  milk  is  either  made 
into  butter  on  the  -farm  or  sold  as  cream 
at  so  much  a  pound  for. butter  fat.  The 
local  creamery  pays  24  eents  a  pound  for 
butter  fat  and  gets  the  cream.  The  Ohio 
Dairy  Co.,  of  Toledo,  is  also  buying  cream ; 
they  pay  more,  but  we  have  to  take  the 
cream  to  the  railroad  station  and  pay 
transportation  to  Toledo.  Our  own  herd 
consists  mostly  of  I-Ierefords ;  some  give 
lots  of  milk.  We  keep  cows  to  improve 
the  farm  and  for  beef,  and  if  two  cows  do 
not  give  a  certain  amount  of  milk  and 
butter  we  keep  three,  and  get  out  ahead, 
because  the  local  markets  do  not  want 
Jersey  calves  or  beeves  for  butchering,  un¬ 
less  they  can  buy  them  for  about  25  per 
cent  less  than  good  Ilerefords  or  other  good 
beef  cattle.  Land  values  are  going  up. 
Land  in  Henry  County  is  assessed  for  taxa¬ 
tion  at  $80  an  acre  on  the  average.  It  is 
assessed  the  highest  of  any  farm  land  in 
Ohio.  Land  is  selling  at  from  $100  to 
$180,  according  to  improvements.  Keep  up 
the  good  work  of  hitting  the  grafters. 

Jewell,  O.  h.  G.  p. 


Whitewood  for  Building. 

I  have  on  my  place  a  lot  of  large 
Whitewood  trees  (Liriodendron  tulipifera). 
Would  this  wood  be  suitable  for  the  build¬ 
ing  of  chicken  houses?  I  have  a  sawmill 
only  about  10  minutes  away,  where  I  could 
have  it  cut  in  the  necessary  lumber.  Or  is 
this  wood  more  valuable  for  other  purposes, 
so  It  would  pay  to  sell  some  and  buy 
other  lumber?  F.  c.  L. 

Madison,  Mass. 

In  our  country  this  wood  would  be  more 
valuable  for  other  purposes.  It  is  used 
for  making  rolling  pins  and  light  utensils. 
We  should  sell  the  whitewood  and  buy 
other  lumber. 


(No  5) 

“MEN  WHO  KNOW” 

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Victor  Lawson,  publisher  of  the  Chicago  Daily  News 
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176 


February  n, 


THE:  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


The  Henyard. 

SELECTING  BREEDING  STOCK. 

Select  your  breeders  now  for  your  com¬ 
ing  flock  of  chicks.  Get  a  good  male  bird, 
for  this  is  the  foundation  of  your  next 
year's  layers.  It  costs  a  little  extra  to  get 
a  good  cockerel,  but  it  pays  to  buy  the  best 
one  can  afford.  Those  who  have  a  mixed 
lot  of  hens  and  wish  to  improve  them 
should  decide  what  breed  they  like  and 
which  is  best  suited  to  their  purpose, 
should  then  buy  a  good  cockerel  and  mate 
some  of  their  best  hens,  say  10  or  20,  with 
this  cockerel,  and  they  will  have  some  good 
grades.  By  following  this  plan  for  a  few 
seasons  one  builds  up  a  good  flock  of  uni¬ 
form  color  and  size.  But  the  writer  thinks 
it  pays  best  to  keep  purebred  fowls  on  the 
farm  and  it  does  not  cost  very  much  to 
start  with  if  one  only  takes  the  time  to 
look  after  a  few  breeders  or  raise  a  few 
purebred  chicks  from  eggs  purchased  from 
some  reliable  breeder.  In  caring  for  your 
breeders  while  in  close  confinement  be  sure 
to  make  them  exercise  as  much  as  possible 
by  scratching  in  litter  for  all  grain,  and 
hang  up  cabbage,  carrots  or  mangels  so 
that  the  hens  will  have  to  jump  up  to 
pick  them.  If  you  want  vigorous  healthy 
chicks  do  not  feed  too  much  animal  matter 
to  force  heavy  egg  production,  for  if  you 
do  you  will  weaken  the  vitality  of  your 
chicks.  Be  sure  to  feed  plenty  of  green 
food  and  do  not  get  your  breeders  too  fat. 
I  like  a  dry  mash  made  as  follows :  200 

pounds  bran,  100  pounds  wheat  middlings, 
200  pounds  ground  oats,  100  pounds  corn- 
meal,  100  pounds  linseed  meal,  100  pounds 
beef  scraps.  As  soon  as  the  weather  will 
permit'  give  them  as  large  a  run  as  pos¬ 
sible.  Do  not  neglect  to  have  before  the 
hens  at  all  times  plenty  of  clean  water  and 
a  good  supply  of  grit  and  oyster  shells. 

Schuyler ville,  N.  Y. 


j.  c.  P. 


A  VILLAGE  FLOCK. 


Here  is  my  account  with  fowls  for  the 
year  1910.  We  think  it  pretty  good  for 
a  small  flock  on  a  village  lot,  100x300  feet, 
which  is  mostly  taken  up  by  special  crops, 
fruit  and  berries,  lawn  and  vegetable  gar¬ 
den,  with  a  ginseng  garden  50x05  feet. 
The  fowls  have  to  be  confined  to  two  small 
yards  with  about  20  fowls  in  each.  The 
fowls  are  S.  C.  White  Leghorn.  We  started 
the  year  with  21  yearling  hens  and  21 
pullets  in  separate  pens.  The  hens  began 
moulting  quite  late  in  the  Fall  of  1909,  so 
laid  but  few  eggs  until  about  the  middle 
of  March.  The  pullets  began  laying  in 
November,  1909.  My  record  shows  eggs 
laid  in  1910  as  follows:  January,  239; 
(February,  450;  March,  559;  April,  094; 
May,  057;  June,  014;  July,  545;  August, 
370 ;  September,  85 ;  October,  63 ;  Novem¬ 
ber,  240 ;  December,  268,  making  a  total 
of  4,785,  or  .  398%  dozens  for  the  year. 
Most  of  the  hens  were  killed  and  marketed 
in  August  (which  accounts  for  so  few 
eggs  in  September  and  Oetober)  to  make 
room  for  the  chickens,  of  which  we  raised 
about  80  in  little  movable  brooders  with 
a  covered  chicken  wire  run  attached  that 
could  be  moved  to  a  fresh  place  every 
three  or  four  days  or  as  often  as  it  be¬ 
came  foul  or  they  had  eaten  the  grass 
down  close.  The  pullets  raised  in  1910, 
of  which  we  have  now  the  original  num¬ 
ber  of  42,  began  laying  the  third  day  of 
October.  I  have  charged  up  all  the  feed 
(except  the  scraps  from  the  table  from 
our  small  family  of  three  persons),  which 
consisted  mostly  of  cracked  corn,  oats  and 
wheat,  which  we  feed  in  scratching  pens 
morning  and  afternoon,  with  a  mixed  feed 
at  noon,  similar  to  that  recommended  in 
“The  Business  Hen.”  About  the  first  of 
April  last  year  I  sowed  about  four  square 
rods  of  Alfalfa  in  the  garden,  which  grew 
finely,  and  I  cut  three  crops  from  it  and 
cured  for  the  fowls  in  the  Winter,  bought 
a  small  machine  which  cuts  it  in  one- 
eighth-inch  lengths  and  feed  it  with  the 
mixed  ground  feed,  about  half  and  half, 
scalding  it  some  time  before  feeding,  giv¬ 
ing  it  time  to  soften  and  partially  cook. 
I  also  usually  sow  turnips  among  the 
sweet  corn  after  the  last  hoeing,  the  tops 
of  which  I  fet'd  the  fowls  in  the  Fall  (after 
the  lawn  grass  has  failed),  and  put  the 
roots  in  the  cellar,  which  with  beets  and 
other  roots  I  cut  in  a  root  cutter  and  give 
them  for  green  food.  I  keep  a  hopper  of 
oyster  shells  and  another  of  grits  by  them 
all  the  time  so  they  can  help  themselves 
as  they  need  it. 

I  keep  the  fowls  tame,  so  that  when  I 
go  in  their  pens  thoy  gather  around  me  to 
see  what  I  have  for  them,  and  can  pick 
them  up  and  pet  them,  and  have  to  walk 
carefullv  to  keep  from  stepping  on  them. 
I  had  quite  a  costly  experience  this  Winter 
with  one  of  my  pens  of  22  pullets,  which 
reduced  my  egg  record  very  materially. 
They  had  just  got  to  laying  nicely  in 
|  December,  and  I  was  getting  eight  or  10 
eggs  a  day  from  them,  when  I  carried  in 
a  large  basket  of  leaves  for  them  to  scratch 
in  which  so  frightened  them  that  they  quit 
1  laying  at  once,  and  some  of  them  even 
commenced  moulting  and  lost  most  of  their 
feathers,  which  are  now  coming  in  again. 
The  thing  puzzled  me  for  a  long  time,  as  I 
never  knew  of  a  similar  instance,  but  when 
I  read  “The  Business  Hen”  I  found  out 
■what  was  the  trouble,  that  it  was  all  due 
to  the  fright  they  had  received.  But  it 
was  rather  a  costly  experience,  occurring 
when  eggs  were  worth  40  to  45  cents  a 
dozen.  Received  from  the  sale  of  eggs  : 

310  doz.  sold,  average  price  33  7-10 

cents  .  $98.43 

Used  in  family,  80  doz .  27.12 

Fowls  killed  and  sold . . .  32.95 

Fowls  and  chickens  used  in  family 

at  75  cents  each .  9.00 


.$167.50 

Paid  for  feed,  etc .  $65.25 

25  incubator  chicks  at  15  cents  each.  3.75 

$69.00 

This  deducted  from  the  total  receipts 
leaves  a  not  profit  of  $98.50,  which  I  con¬ 


sider  a  very  creditable  showing  for  a  small 
flock,  but  which  our  Government  does  not 
seem  to  consider  worth  mentioning  in  the 
census  reports,  and  I  am  only  one  of  prob¬ 
ably  50  in  our  town  who  keep  fowls.  I 
have  given  no  credit  for  the  manure  from 
the  fowls,  which  I  keep  in  barrels  under 
cover  and  use  on  the  garden,  lawn  and 
berries,  seldom  using  any  other  fertilizer, 
against  which  I  offset  my  work  in  caring 
for  the  fowls,  which  for  a  man  who  has 
led  an  active  life  for  over  73  years  I  con¬ 
sider  a  pleasure.  a.  N.  G. 

Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y. 


Tiie  “Standard”  for  American  poultry 
breeders  seems  to  have  gone  in  favor  of 
the  green  egg  of  Indian  Runner  ducks.  This 
we  believe  to  be  a  mistake — the  white  egg 
strain  is  more  practical  for  farmers.  Nearly 
all  the  breeders  admit  that  the  white  egg 
is  far  better,  but  think  they  must  follow 
American  Standard  in  order  to  get  high 
prices. 


The  past  year  of  1910  has  been  a  very 
good  one  with  us  in  spite  of  being  drowned 
out  in  the  Spring  and  then  dried  out  in 
the  Summer  and  Fall.  Our  crops  were  all 
good,  although  not  record-breakers,  and  we 
feel  very  much  encouraged,  and  are  now 
planning  the  work  of  1911.  The  poultry 
never  did  better  than  last  year.  We  keep 
a  large  number  of  old  hens  for  breeding 
from,  and  while  they  lessen  our  egg  record 
somewhat,  yet  we  find  that  it  is  the  best 
way  to  get  vigorous  stock.  Our  hens  laid 
well  into  the  moulting  period,  and  were 
a  ragged  and  disgraceful  lot  when  we  housed 
them  in  the  Fall,  but  have  come  out  of  their 
moult  in  fine  shape  and  commencing  to 
lay,  some  pens  of  old  hens  laying  30  per 
cent.  now.  We  keep  the  muslin  fronts  open 
all  the  time,  except  in  very  extreme  cold 
and  stormy  weather,  as  we  think  more  of 
vigor  and  health  than  we  do  of  the  few 
eggs  we  lose  by  the  cold  air.  We  have 
never  purchased  a  baby  chick,  and  if  we 
could  have  a  choice  we  would  much  prefer 
to  buy  breeding  stock  or  eggs  from  a  well- 
known  breeder,  whose  stock  we  knew  to  be 
all  right,  than  buy  baby  chicks,  because 
we  like  to  handle  our  breeding  stock  in 
our  own  way,  and  know  that  one  can  ruin 
the  best  eggs  in  the  management  of  their 
incubator.  While  it  is  admitted  the  brood¬ 
ing  and  rearing  is  the  hardest  part,  much 
depends  on  what  has  gone  before. 

WHITE  &  RICE. 


MON  ACE 


Stops  Lameness 

and  Stiffness  in  Horses  and  Mules. 

HERE’S  PROOF. 

Mr.  Baidy  Kirby,  of  Cassaday,Ky.,  writes:— 
“I  used  Sloan’s  Liniment  on  a  mule  for  ‘high 
lameness,’  and  cured  her.  I  am  never  without  a 
bottle  of  Sloan’s  Liniment ;  have  bought  more  of 
it  than  any  other  remedy  for  pains.” 

SLOANS 

LINIMENT 

kills  a  spavin,  curb  or  splint.  andVm 

DR.  EARL  S.  SLOAN,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

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BATEMAN  M’F’G  CO. 

BOX  1022  GRENLOCH.  N.  J. 


Tell  Your  Dealer  You 
Want  One  Free  on  Trial 

Take  one  home  with  you  the  next  time  you  go  to 
town.  At  the  start  don’t  let  Its  low  price  prejudice 
you  against  it.  The  price  is  low  only  because  New 
Holland  Mills  are  made  and  sold  in  such  large  quan¬ 
tities.  An  examination  will  tell  you  that  New  Hollands 
are  as  substantial  and  durable  as  feed  mills  can  be 
built.  Nothing  but  highest  grade  materials  go  into 
their  construction  and  they  will  last  for  years. 

ilewMlond 

Feed  Mills 

always  prove  great  money  makers  for  their  owners. 
Almost  everyone  knows  that  ground  grain  is  more 
economical  in  cost  than  whole  grain  and  far  superior 
as  feed.  And  especially  is  this  true  of  cob  meal. 
New  Hollands  grind  corn  on  the  cob  perfectly. 
Don’t  fail  to  have  your  dealer  lend  you  one  and 
put  it  to  test.  If  he  hasn’t  one,  write  us.  We  will 
then  supply  you  and  give  you  an  extended  Free  Trial. 

You  will  find  the  New  Hol¬ 
land  easy  to  run.  Use  any 
kind  of  power.  Can’t  “choke 
up.”  Will  grind  corn,  cobs 
and  small  grain.  Grinds 
coarse  for  stock  food  or  fine 
asflourfortableuse.  5sizes. 
Send  for  catalog  and  booklet  “The 
Right  Way  to  Feed  Grain.”  Gives 
latest  fact’s  by  experienc.d  fanners 
on  feeding  hogs,  cattle,  milk-cows, 

J.,,  horses,  sheep  and  poultry. 

‘“Alsowrite  for  wood  sawoatalog  and  prices. 

New  Holland  Machine  Co.,  Box  41  .New  Holland,  Pa. 


Attention,  Horse  Owners! 

Send  for  Handsome  Book 
Absolutely  FREE 


You  Can  Train  Your  Colt  in  8  Hours  or 
Break  Your  Horses  of  Any  Bad  Habits 
by  Prof.  Beery’s  Simple  Methods 

Prof.  Jesse  Beery,  king  of  horse  tamers  and  trainers, 
has  retired  from  his  marvelous  career  in  the  arena  and 
Is  now  teaching  his  wonderful  system  by  mail  to  thou¬ 
sands  of  interested  horse  owners. 

Prof.  Beery  is  acknowledged  to  be  the  world’s  master 
horseman.  His  wonderful  exhibition  of  taming  fierce, 
man-killing  horses  and  conquering  horses  of  all  disposi¬ 
tions  have  thrilled  vast  audiences  all  over  the  world. 
He  can  teach  you  the  same  simple,  yet  marvelous, 
principles  which  have  brought  him  such  remarkable 
success,  so  that  you  can  take  the  most  vicious  horse 
and  subdue  him  in  a  few  minutes.  He  can  teach  you  to 
train  a  green  colt,  break  any  horse  of  bad  habits,  teach 
a  horse  to  drive  without  reins,  tell  the  disposition  of 
any  horse  at  a  single  glance,  train  him  to  do  difficult 
tricks  and,  in  fact,  gain  complete  mastery  over  any 
horse,  young  or  old. 

You  can  take  a  useless  and  dangerous  animal  and 
double  his  value  in  a  short  time  by  these  easy,  simple 
methods.  And  these  horses  will  be  cured  of  shying, 
kicking,  balking,  biting,  fear  of  automobiles  and  all 
other  bad  traits  forever. 

Prof.  Beery’s  lessons  are  simple,  thorough  and 
practical. 

$1,200  to  $3,000  a  Year 

At  Home  or  Traveling! 

Competent  Horse  Trainers  are  in  demand  every* 
where.  People  gladly  pay  515  to  125  a  head  to  have 
horses  tamed,  trained,  cured  of  bad  habits,  to  have 
colts  broken  to  harness,  A  good  trainer  can  always 
keep  his  stable  full  of  horses. 

What  Prof.  Beery’s  Students  Are  Doing 

Breaking  horses  of  every  conceivable  habit,  no  mat¬ 
ter  how  long  standing  it  is.  Training  colts  to  be  ab¬ 
solutely  trustworthy  and  useful  in  8  hours.  Riding 
with  perfect  ease  and  control.  Training  horses  to  go 
all  the  saddle  gaits  and  do  fancy  steps.  Training 
horses  to  do  the  most  difficult  and  interesting  tricks. 
Telling  any  horse’s  disposition  at  sight — judging  a 
horse  right  the  first  time.  There  is  no  limit  to  what  a 
horse  can  be  taught  when  you  know  how. 

We  receive  hundreds  of  letters  like  the  following: 

J.  O.  Brown,  Cameron,  Mo.,  R.  R.  4..  writes,  “Lnst  month 
I  made  $90.00  training  colts,  besides  mi  regular  farm  work." 

A.  W.  Bower,  Tipton.  Ind.,  writes,  "You  have  made  me  a 
practical  colt  trainer,  have  all  the  work  I  can  do  and  make 
more  money  than  ever  before.” 

S.  M.  Ryder,  Mercersburg,  Fa.,  writes, 1  I  am  making  money 
buying  3-year-old  kickers  cheap,  handling  them  a  few  days  and 
Belling  them,  perfectly  broken,  at  alarge  profit.” 

.  _  Levi  Smith..  Ad  m  i  re, 

Hans.,  R.  R.  2,  writes.  “I 
W/JA  have  used  your  methods  on 
mAB  some  very  mean  and  vicious 
horses  and  had  good  sue- 

from  kicking  in  two  hours. 

1  ho  owner  offered  to  sell  it 
^ Jlflf  A  for  $76.00.  but  after  I 
*  trnined  her  he  refused 
■  $176.00.” 

PROF.  JESSE  BEERY 

57  Academy  St.  Pleasant  Hill,  Ohio 


The  Only  Instruction 
of  Its  Kind  in  the  World 

Never  before  in  the  history  of  the 
world  has  there  been  offered  such  a 
wonderful  opportunity  as  this  —  a 
chance  to  learn  a  money-making, 
fascinating  profession  right  at  home, 
under  the  instruction  of  the  acknowl¬ 
edged  master-horseman  of  the  world. 

If  you  love  to  travel,  to  give  exhibi¬ 
tions,  to  train  vour  own  and  neigh¬ 
bors’  horses,  write  at  once  for  hand¬ 
some,  free  prospectus,  also  big  FREE 
CIRCULAR  of  the  Beery  Exhibition. 

7,000  Satisfied  Graduates 

There  are  now  more  than  7.000  satisfied 
and  successful  Beery  graduates  in  all 
parts  of  the  world.  They  are  reaping 
the  benefits  of  their  foresight  in  taking 
Prof.  Beery’s  wonderful  course.  They 
comprise  Farmers.  Professional  Horse 
Trainers.  Horse  Breeders.  Riding  Mas¬ 
ters.  Teamsters,  etc.  They  are  able  to 
pick  un  plenty  of  money  on  the  side 
practicing  what  Prof.  Beery  taught  them. 
Why  not  become  one  of  them? 


Cut  Out  This  Coupon 
and  Mail  It  Today  I 


tttn/.nn  Dairymen,  Take  a  Look  at  the 
STRITE  GOVERNOR  PULLEY 

It’s  the  original  and  <*only 
thing  for  driving  cream  sep¬ 
arators  with  gasoline  en¬ 
gines.  Once  tried,  always 
used.  TRY  ONE.  Ask  your 
dealer  for  a  “STRITE”  or 
write  us  direct.  Don’t  take 
an  imitation. 

Strite  Governor  Pulley  Co. 
357  South  Third  Street 
Minneapolis,  Minn. 


For  Best  EXTENSION  LADDER  at 

JOHN  J.  POTTER, li  Mill  St.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


A  Preventive  of  Infectious  Animal  Disc 
and  All  Forms  of  Skin  Parasites 

Dr.HessDip 

and  Disinfectant 

A  harmless  but  powerful  chemical, 
to  be  used  in  solution  of  one  part  Dip 
to  from  50  to  100  parts  water  to  de 
stroy  the  active  germs  of  hog  cholera, 
infectious  pneumonia,  mange,  etc. 
Also  lice,  sheep  ticks,  fleas,  and  all 
forms  of  parasitic  life  on  farm  animals 
and  poultry.  Meets  the  Govern¬ 
ment’s  requirement  as  an  official  dip 
for  sheep  scab.  The  most  effective 
deodorizer  known.  Purifies  pens, 
stables  and  all  places  where  decay 
threatens  disease.  The  farmers 
safeguard  against  live  stock  losses  is 
Dr.  Hess  Dip  and  Disinfectant. 
Write  for  booklet. 

DR.  HESS  and  CLARK,  Ashland,  Ohio 


AND  UP- 
WARD 


IS 

AMERICAN 

SEPARATOR 

SENT  ON  TRIAL,  FULLY 
GUARANTEED.  A  new,  well 
made,  easy  running  separator  for 
$15.95.  Skims  hot  or  cold  milk; 
heavy  or  light  cream.  Different 
from  this  picture  which  illus¬ 
trates  our  large  capacity  ma¬ 
chines.  The  bowl  is  a  sanitary 
marvel,  easily  cleaned.  Whether 
dairy  is  large  or  small,  obtain  our 
handsome  free  catalog.  Address 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO. 


Box  1075 

BAINBRIDGE.N.Y. 


Wanted  at  Once— A  Man 

To  Make  $100  Per  Month  Above  Expenses 
1500  MEN  THROUGHOUT  THE  U.  S 
ARE  MAKING  BIG  MONEY 

with  our  large  lino  of  over  80  different  household  neces¬ 
sities  consisting  of  homo  remedies,  extracts,  spices,  soaps, 
perfumes,  toilet  articles,  stock  and  poultry  preparations, 
polishes,  etc.  all  guaranteed  under  the  National  Food 
and  Drugs  Act  and  conforming  to  the  Pure  Food  require¬ 
ments  of  every  state.  Sold  chiefly  to  country  people. 
We  import,  inanufapture  and  sell  in  enormous  quantities 
Capital  and  surplus  over  one  million  dollars.  Factory 
floor  space  nearly  5  acres. 

Wo  want  one  man  in  each  unoccupied  locality  to  take 
full  charge  of  everything  pertaining  to  our  business  in 
his  district.  Must  bo  of  good  health  and  habits,  honest 
and  industrious,  not  under  21  nor  over  50  years  of  age, 
able  to  furnish  outfit  similar  to  that  illustrated  above, 
also  several  responsible  men  to  vouch  for  his  integrity. 
Such  under  our  instructions  can  make  not  less  than 

$100  Per  Month  Clear  Profit 

above  expenses  first  year,  $1800  second  year  and  $2400 
third  year.  Colored  people  or  women  not  considered. 

Previous  experience  or  more  than  ordinary  education 
not  needed  as  with  our  thorough  free  course  of  instruc¬ 
tion  in  salesmanship  the  work  is  easily  learned  and  a 
big,  pleasant,  healthful,  honorable  and  permanent  busi¬ 
ness  quickly  established. 

If  you  can’t  meet  requirements  don’t  write:  if  you 
think  you  can  you  aro  the  man  we  are  looking  for  and  a 
postal  will  bring  you  full  particulars  by  return  mail. 

Lots  of  new  men  starting  and  territory  filling  rapidly, 
so  if  interested  write  at  once  else  territory  vacant  in  your 
locality  will  be  taken. 

W.  T.  RAWLEIGH  CO.  30-40  Lib.  St.  Freeport,  III. 


1911. 


TITK  KUKAt  NEW-YORKER 


177 


MARKETS 

Week  Ending  February  3,  1911. 


BUTTE  It 

Top  grades  of  creamery  are  in  somewhat 
better  position.  Storage  and  under  grades 
are  still  very  dull  and  in  heavy  supply. 
Exporters  have  been  doing  some  business 
in  factory  stock  at  16  cents. 


Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 27  @  .29 

Good  to  Choice . 24  @  .26 

Lower  Grades . 21  @  .23 

Storage . 19  @  .25 

Btate  Dairy,  best . 24  @  .25 

Common  to  Good . 19  @  .23 

Factory . . . 16  @  .17 

Packing  Stock . 12  @  .16 


Elgin  111.  butter  market  steady  at  25  cents. 
CHEESE 

Business  is  slow  both  for  domestic  and 
export. 


Full  Cream,  best . 15  ©  .17 

Common  to  Good . 12  @  .13 

Skims . *. . 05  @  .12 


EGGS 

Receipts  are  large  and  market  weak  and 
unsettled.  Buyers  are  looking  for  further 
declines  and  taking  only  enough  for  pres¬ 
ent  needs.  Speculative  business  slow  on 
account  of  uncertainty  of  values.. 


White,  good  to  choice . 30  @  .32 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 23  @  .25 

Common  to  Good . 20  @  .22 

Storage . 12  ©  .15 

Western,  best . 26  @  .28 

Under  grades . 18  @  .22 


BEANS 


Quotations  are  now  on  the  basis  of  100 
pounds,  according  to  the  new  ruling  by  the 
Wholesale  Dealers’  Association.  These 
prices  are  for  net  weight. 


Marrow,  100  lbs.. 

Medium. . ..  . 

Pea . 

Velio w  Eye . 

Red  Kidney . 

WhlteKidney 


3.85  @  4.10 
3.70  ®  3.75 

3.50  @  3.75 
3.60  ®  3.75 

6.50  ®  5.75 
4.75  ®  5.00 


HOPS 

Market  very  firm.  On  the  Pacific  coast 
sales  of  the  coming  crop  at  15  cents  net 
to  growers  are  reported. 


Prime  to  Choice .  .27  @  .29 

Common  to  Good . 22  @  .25 

Pacific  Coast .  18  @  .22 

German  Crop,  1910 . 60  @  .63 

CIDER  VINEGAR 

New  York  prices  for  single  barrel  lots. 

Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 22  ®  .24 

Standard  Grade . 13  @  .15 


DRIED  FRUITS 

Market  continues  firm  on  both  evapo¬ 
rated  and  choice  sun-dried. 


Apples,  evap.  fancy . 12  ®  13 

Evap.,  com.  to  good . 06  @  .11 

Sun  Dried . 05  @  .0714 

Chops . 0414®  .05 

Cores  and  Skins . 04  ®  .0414 

Raspberries . 28  @  .30 

Cherries . 15  ®  .18 


FRESH  FRUITS 

Bulk  of  the  apple  trade  is  on  medium 
grade  fruit,  fancy  being  held  rather  high, 
upwards  of  $6.  Receipts  of  strawberries 
from  Florida  are  increasing,  some  low 
grade  berries  selling  down  to  25  cents. 


Apples,  Russet,  bbl . 2.00  ©  4.00 

King .  3.00  ®  5.25 

Greening .  3.00  ®  5.75 

York  Imperial .  3.50  ®  5.50 

Baldwin .  3.00  ®  5.00 

Spy . 3.50  ®  5.25 

Western — 

Newtown,  box .  1.75  ®  2.25 

Spitz,  box .  1.76  @  2.25 

Rome,  box .  l.oO  ®  2  52 

Winesap,  box .  175  @2.50 

Gano.  box  .  1.45  ®  1.75 

Cranberries — 

Cape  Cod,  bbl .  8.00  @  9.60 

Long  Island,  bbl . 8.50  ®  9.50 

Jersey;  bbl . . . 7.00  @  8.50 

Pears,  Kieffer,  bbl .  2.75  @  3.50 

Strawberries,  Fla.,  qt . 25  @  .40 


HONEY 

Market  dull  on  buckwheat  and  extracted. 


White  Clover,  lb . 12  ®  .15 

Buckwheat,  lb . 09  @  .10 

Extracted,  lb . 07  ®  .09 

VEGETABLES 

Potato  market  dull,  with  no  signs  of  im¬ 
mediate  improvement.  Onions  moving 
slowly,  with  a  surplus  of  low  grades. 
Southern  lettuce  and  string  beans  in  in¬ 
creased  supply. 

Potatoes— N.  Y.  State,  180  lbs .  1.35  ©  1.60 

Long  Island,  180  lbs .  1.60  @  2.00 

Maine .  1.40  @  1.75 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bbl .  1.00  @  2.60 

Brussels  Sprouts,  qt . 08  @  .15  . 

Beets,  new,  100  bunches . 4.00  @  6.00 

Carrots,  bbl .  1.00  @  1.50 

Southern,  new.  bbl . 2.00  @  3.00 

Cabbage— Danish  seed,  ton . 8.U0  @12.00 

Domestic . 6.00  @  9,00 

Red . 30.00  @35.00 

Celery,  doz . 25  @  .50 

Chicory,  bbl .  2.00  ©  3.50 

Cucumbers.  Fla.  bu . 3.00  @  3.50 

Escarol,  bbl  .  . 3.00  @  3.50 

Endive.  French,  lb . 12  @  .15 

Kale,  bbl . 100  @  1.12 

Kohlrabi,  Southern,  bbl . 4.00  @  4.50 

Lettuce.  J4-bbl.  bkt .  1.00  ©  2  00 

Peppers,  Southern,  bu . 3.00  @4.00 

Onions,  Orange  Co.,  bag .  1.50  @  2.00 

Conn.  Yellow,  100  lbs .  1.50  .... 

White  pickle,  bu . 75  @  1.00 

Peas,  Fla.,  bu .  1.25  @3.50 

Romaine,  Southern,  J4  bbl .  1.50  @  1.75 

Salsify,  100  bunches . . . 5.00  _ 

String  Beans,  bu .  2.00  @  2.75 

Spinach,  bbl . 2.50  @  2.76 

Squash,  bbl .  1.75  @  2  25 

Turnips,  Rutabaga,  bbl . 75  @1.00 

White,  bbl .  1.00  @  1.50 

Leeks,  Southern,  100  bunches .  2.00  @  3.00 

Egg  Plants,  Fla.,  box .  4.00  @  6.50 

Parsnips,  bbl .  1 .25  @1.75 

Parsley  bbl .  2.50  @  3.00 

Tomatoes,  Fla.  crate . 2.50  @  3.50 


HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 
Market  on  cucumbers  quiet.  Receipts  of 
mushrooms  large,  some  selling  under  quo¬ 
tations. 

Cucumbers,  best,  doz .  1.75  @  2.00 

Mushrooms,  lb . 15  ®  25 

Radishes,  100  bunches .  2.00  ©  4^00 

Tomatoes,  lb . 15  ®  .35 

Rhubarb,  doz  bunches . 50  @  .65 

Tomatoes,  lb . 10  @  .35 


BERMUDA  PRODUCTS 


Potatoes,  No.  1,  bbl . 5.50  ®  6.00 

„  No.  2  “  . 4.50  @  5.00 

Beets,  bu.  crate . 75  @  1.12 

Carrots,  crate . 75  @1.00 

Lima  Beans,  *4  bu . 2.00  @  2  60 

Onions,  bu.  crate . 2.76  @  2.85 

Peas,  M  bu .  1.50  ©  3.00 


Parsley,  bu.  crate .  1.00  ©  1,26  , 

Romaine,  crate..... . 50  @  1.00 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Supplies  heavy,  and  market  on  chickens 
and  fowls  weak.  Demand  for  ducks  and 
geese  good. 


Chickens,  lb 

Fowls . 

Roosters... 

Ducks . 

Geese . 

Turkeys . 


.11  ®  .12 
.13  @  .14 
.08  ©  .09 
.15  @  .16 
.13  @  .14 
.15  @  .18 


DRESSED  POULTRY 

Demand  poor,  with  a  surplus  of  coarse 
and  medium  grade  chickens  and  large  tur¬ 
keys.  Trade  in  capons  slow. 

Turkeys,  Fancy . 22  @  .23 

Common  to  Good . 16  @  .20 

Chickens,  roasting . 16  @  .18 

Common  to  Good . 13  @  .14 

Fancy  broilers,  lb . 25  @  .28 

Fowls .  12  @  .16 

Capons,  best,  lb . 24  @  .25 

Medium  grades . 22  @  .23 

Small  and  Slips . 14  @  .18 

Ducks,  Spring . 15  @  .20 

Geese,  spring . 12  @  .14 

Squabs,  doz .  2.00  @  6.00 

Guineas,  spring,  pair . 65  @1.00 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 

Hothouse  lambs  in  rather  large  supply 
and  selling  slowly.  Calves  and  pork  dull. 

Calves,  good  to  prime . 12  @  .13 

Common . 09  @  .11 

Lambs,  hothouse,  head . 5.00  @10.00 

Pork,  light . 11  @  .12 

Medium  to  heavy . 10  @  .11 

Roasting  Pigs,  lb . 14  @  .17 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Business  Is  light  and  prices  irregular  on 
lower  grades  of  Timothy  and  clover. 

Hay,  No.  1,  ton . 21.00  @  22.00 

No.  2 . 18.00  @  20.00 

No.  3 . 15.00  @  17.00 

Clover  Mixed . 12.00  @  18  00 

Clover . 10.00  @  16.00 

Straw,  Rye .  9.00  @  10.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 8.00  @  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 5.00  @  6.60 

Oxen  and  Stags . 4.00  @  5.00 

Cows .  2.40  @4.50 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 7.00  @10.76 

Culls  . 4.00  @  60n 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 2.50  ©  4.5n 

Lambs .  6.30  @  7.0n 

Hogs .  7.80  @  8.9q 


HOW  THE  BEST  WIRE 
FENCE  IN  THE  WORLD 
IS  SOLD  AT  A  LOW 
PRICE. 

Proved  by  every  test  to  be 
the  strongest  and  most  dur¬ 
able  Fence  made.  Straight  to 
you  from  the  maker,  free  from 
jobber’s  and  middleman's  pro¬ 
fits  I  Made  from  Basic  Open- 
Hearth  Steel,  and  doubly 
strengthened  by  virtue  of  the  famous 
f  “Security”  knot.  _  Sold  by  us  for 
/  /  less  money  than  inferior  fencing 
i  /  owing  to  the  immensity  of  the  num- 
/  ber  of  orders  we  are  constantly  filling 
V  for  it.  We  pay  freight  on  all  orders  of 
/  Wire  Fence  amounting  to  $10.00  or 
'  over,  within  300  miles  of  Pittsburg. 
Write  for  Catalog  of  prices  and  descrip¬ 
tions  of  Wire  Fence;  also  contains  pictures 
prices  and  particulars!  of  10,000  other  useful  ar¬ 
ticles.  20  to  40  per  cent,  savings  by  our 
“factory  to  you”  system.  i* 

MANUFACTURERS  DISTRIBUTING  CO. 
Dept.  H,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


THE  UNADILLA  SILO 

IS  THE  SENSATION  OF 
THE  AGRICULTURAL  WORLD 

Because  it  has  continuous  opening 
from  bottom  to  top. 

Because  it  has  ladder  formed  by 
fasteners,  with  rounds  16  inches  apart. 

Because  hoops  are  stronger  than 
others. 

Write  for  catalogue  describing  the 
above  features  and  testimonials,  and 
our  “TWENTY-FIVE  REASONS.” 

We  also  manufacture  Farm  Water 
Tubs  and  are  New  England  representa¬ 
tives  for  Papec  Cutters  and  are  in  posi¬ 
tion  to  quote  low  prices  upon  receipt  of  inquiry. 

Extra  discount  for  early  orders.  Agents  wanted. 
THE  UNADILLA  SILO  CO..  Inc.,  Box  B,  UNADILLA.  N.  Y. 


™  ROSS  SILO 


The  only  thoroughly  manufactured 
Silo  on  the  market.  Full  length  stave. 
Continuoui  door  frame  complete  with 
ladder.  Triple  beveled  «ilo  door  with 
hingea.  Equipped  with  extra  heavy 
hoops  at  bottom. 

AIR  TIGHT 

Makes  winter  feed  equal  to  June 
frass.  THE  ROSS  will  more  than  pay 
for  itself  in  one  season.  Write  to* 
day  for  catalog  which  gives  facts  that 
will  save  you  money.  Agents  wanted. 
The  E.  W.  Ross  Co.(Est,1850) 
Box  13  SPBIX G FIELD.  OHIO 


THE  INDIVIDUAL  FARMER  MAY  BUILD 
A  SILO  WITH  UNSKILLED  LABOR  AND 
MATERIAL  FOUND  ON  HIS  OWN  FARM 


ACTIVE  WORKERS  CAN  COVER  A  LARG  FIELD 
WITH  OUR  RAPID  CONSTRUCTION. 
WRITE  FOR  CATALOGUE 

CEMENT  SILO  CO.  KALAMAZOO  MKH 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  sauare  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


STATEMENT  OF  THE  AMERICAN  POT¬ 
ASH  BUYERS’  COMMITTEE: 

In  January  28  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  there 
appears  an  advertisement  signed  “Ger¬ 
man  Kali  Works,  by  H.  A.  Huston,  Sec¬ 
retary,”  from  which  the  following  state¬ 
ment  is  quoted : 

“Mr.  Robert  Bradley  did  not  sign  the 
contract  July  1,  1909.”  That  is  an  un¬ 
qualified  misstatement,  as  can  be  easily 
proven  by  reference  to  the  original 
Bradley- Schmidtmann  contract,  bearing 
my  signature,  on  file  in  the  Department 
of  State  at  Washington. 

In  a  recent  brief  of  Mr.  Vogel,  the 
General  Representative  of  the  Potash 
Syndicate  in  the  United  States,  the 
statement  is  made  that  this  contract  was 
merely  a  “purely  tentative  memoran¬ 
dum”  and  that  I  had  no  authority  from 
The  American  Agricultural  Chemical 
Company  to  sign  a  contract. 

On  this  basic  misrepresentation  a  long 
argument  is  elaborated  in  an  attempt  to 
prove  that  I  was  officially  notified  be¬ 
fore  I  made  my  contracts  that  the  Ger¬ 
man  government  would  invalidate  any 
contract  I  might  make  for  Potash  at 
prices  below  those  fixed  by  the  syndi¬ 
cate,  and  that,  therefore,  I  have  no 
claim  for  redress. 

The  contract  I  signed  on  July  1,  1909, 
with  Mr.  Schmidtmann  was  as  complete 
and  as  legally  binding  a  contract  as 
could  be  drawn,  and  I  personally  guar¬ 
anteed  its  specific  performance.  As  to 
my  authority  for  making  it  on  behalf 
of  The  American  Agricultural  Chemical 
Company,  I  had  in  my  possession  a  spe¬ 
cial  Power  of  Attorney,  dated  June  7, 
1909,  duly  authorized  by  a  vote  of  the 
Directors  of  the  Company,  executed  by 
its  President,  witnessed  by  its  Counsel, 
attested  and  seal  affixed  by  its  Secre¬ 
tary,  acknowledged  before  a  Notary  Pub¬ 
lic,  and  viseed  by  the  German  Consul 
General  of  New  York.  This  Power  of 
Attorney  is  also  on  file  in  the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  State. 

Moreover,  on  the  same  morning  of 
July  1,  1909,  acting  under  the  same 
Power  of  Attorney,  I  made  another  con¬ 
tract  with  a  group  of  five  of  the  most 
important  Potash  mines  in  Germany, 
which  contract  has  been  assumed  and  is 
now  being  fulfilled  by  the  Potash  Syndi¬ 
cate  in  strict  conformity  with  its  terms 
and  conditions. 

Can  Mr.  Pluston  explain  why  one  of 
these  contracts  is  recognized  as  com¬ 
plete  and  valid,  while  the  other  is  pro¬ 
nounced  a  mere  memorandum,  even 
lacking  my  signature? 

It  was  never  intimated  to  me,  directly 
or  indirectly,  that  the  German  Govern¬ 
ment  contemplated  passing  legislation 
which  would  invalidate  any  contracts 
below  Syndicate  prices  until  about  ten 
days  after  I  had  secured  my  contracts, 
when  Geheimrat  Kempner  (now  Presi¬ 
dent  of  the  Kali  Syndicate)  threatened 
me  with  such  governmental  action  un¬ 
less  I  consented  to  surrender  or  com¬ 
promise  my  contracts  in  some  way  sat¬ 
isfactory  to  the  Syndicate. 

These  are  the  incontestable  facts,  and 
such  an  attempt  to  justify  a  law  which 
constitutes  the  substantial  repudiation 
of  legally  executed  contracts  by  gov¬ 
ernmental  action  is  an  affront  to  the  in¬ 
telligence  of  the  people  of  the  United 
States  and  should  receive  the  rebuke  it 
deserves. 

As  to  Mr.  Huston’s  “belief”  that 

“The  German  Foreign  Minister  did  not 
assure  Ambassador  Hill  that  ‘it  (the 
law)  would  not  invalidate  or  impair 
the  American  contracts.’  ” 

I  think  it  mattery  little  to  the  Ameri¬ 
can  public  what  Mr.  Huston’s  “belief” 
may  be  on  this  subject  when  the  actual 
facts  are  known.  It  is  a  matter  of  rec¬ 
ord  that  Dr.  Hill,  the  American  Am¬ 
bassador  in  Berlin,  has  made  the  state¬ 
ment  and  has  reported  it  to  Washing¬ 
ton  that  he  was  assured  by  the  Foreign 
Minister  of  Germany  that  the  law 
“would  not  invalidate  or  impair”  the 
American  contracts,  and  I  believe  the 
American  people  will  accept  that  state¬ 
ment  from  its  official  representative  in 
Berlin  rather  than  the  “belief”  of  the 
representative  of  the  Potash  Trust. 

No  doubt  “the  potash  business  is  get¬ 
ting  lots  of  advertising,”  but  of  a  kind 
the  Syndicate  least  desires.  This  con¬ 
troversy  has  certainly  advertised  one 
important  fact  extensively — that  the 
German  Syndicate  is  resorting  to  heroic 
efforts  to  sustain  its  Potash  monopoly 
in  order  to  extort  an  enormous  yearly 
tribute  from  the  American  farmers  by 
maintaining  Potash  prices  at  200  per 
cent  above  the  cost  of  production,  and 
100  per  cent  above  the  prices  obtained 
from  independent  mines  by  75  per  cent 
of  the  Potash  buyers  of  the  United 
States.  ROBERT  S.  BRADLEY. 

Chairman  of  American  Potash  Buyers’ 
Committee. 


BETTER  THAN  CONCRETE 

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178 


THIS  R.UR.A.I>  NEW-YORKES 


February  11, 


FEEDING  PROBLEMS. 

Under  this  headi  <g  we  endeavor  to  give  advice 
and  suggestions  about  feeaing  mixtures  of  grains 
and  fodders.  No  definite  rules  are  given,  but  the 
advice  is  based  upon  experience  and  average 
analyses  of  foods.  By  ‘  protein”  is  meant  the 
elements  in  the  food  which  go  to  make  muscle  or 
lean  meat.  “Carbohydrates”  comprise  the  starch, 
sugar,  etc.,  which  make  fat  and  provide  fuel  for 
the  body,  wnile  “fat”  is  the  pure  oil  found  in 
foods.  Dry  matter”  means  the  weight  of  actual 
food  left  in  fodder  or  grain  when  all  the  water  is 
driven  off.  A  “narrow  ration”  means  one  In  which 
the  proportion  of  protein  to  carbohydrates  is  close 
— a  “wide”  ration  moans  one  which  shows  a  larger 
proportion  of  carbonydrat 's. 


A  CONNECTICUT  BUTTER  RATION. 

For  roughage  I  have  silage  once  a  day 
and  hay  once  a  day.  Of  the  latter  some 
is  oats  and  Canada  peas,  some  mixed  hay. 
Cornmeal  is  $1.30;  gluten,  $1.55;  bran, 
$1.45;  oats,  $1.50.  I  have  three  cows, 
none  of  them  fresh  at  present.  My  wish 
is  to  make  butter,  and  I  would  like  to 
know  at  the  above  prices  what  to  feed 
for  grain  and  how  much.  None  of  the  cows 
is  very  large.  E.  s.  B. 

Connecticut. 


Here  is  a  ration  that  will  produce  a 
fair  amount  of  milk,  although  it  is  a 
little  too  wide : 


Dry 

Digestible 

Pro- 

Carb. 

matter 

toin  and  fat 

20 

lbs.  silage  .  4.20 

M 

00 

2.58 

15 

lbs.  mixed  hay 
and  peas . 13.05 

.03 

6.9 

4 

lbs.  wheat  bran.  3.52 

.488 

1.812 

2 

lbs.  cornmeal  ...  1.78 

.158 

1.528 

3 

lbs.  gluten  feed.  2.70 

.606 

2.007 

25.25 

2.452 

14.917 

Nutritive  ratio  1 :  6. 

While  this  ration  has  rather  a  wide 
nutritive  ratio  it  is  the  best  I  can  make 
from  the  available  feeding  stuffs  with¬ 
out  using  too  much  of  one  kind  of 
grain,  thereby  either  making  the  ration 
too  expensive  or  unsafe  to  feed.  You 
should  regulate  the  amount  of  grain 
according  to  the  quantity  of  milk  your 
cows  are  giving  and  the  condition  they 
are  in.  One  pound  of  grain  for  each 
three  or  3^  pounds  of  milk  is  an  ap¬ 
proximate  rule  to  follow  when  your 
cows  are  not  fresh.  This  ration  could 
be  improved  somewhat  by  using  dry 
brewers’  or  distillers’  grains,  if  avail¬ 
able,  in  place  of  the  wheat  bran. 

c.  s.  G. 

Grain  With  Cornstalks. 

I  wish  to  mix  cornmeal,  bran,  middlings 
and  cotton-seed  meal  to  feed  milch  cows 
with  cornstalks,  the  only  roughage  that  I 
have.  I  know  that  it  is  a  hard  matter  to 
get  a  proper  ration  from  the  above,  but 
will  have  to  make  the  best  of  it.  I  want 
to  use  as  much  cornmeal  as  possible,  as  it 
is  only  $22  per  ton.  I  can  get  Ajax  and 
gluten,  but  they  are  very  high.  $33  to  $34 
per  ton.  How  many  pounds  for  a  feed? 

New  York.  it.  e.  m. 

I  would  advise  feeding  the  following 
ration,  although  you  cannot  expect  any 
great  results  with  nothing  but  corn 
stover  for  roughage : 


Digestible 

Dry 

Pro- 

Carb. 

matter 

tein  and  fat 

20 

lbs.  corn 

stover 

(cut)  .  . . 

. 12.00 

.34 

6.88 

3 

lbs.  cornmeal  ...  2.67 

.237 

2.292 

4 

lbs.  wheat 

bran.  3.52 

.488 

1.812 

1  lb.  wheat 

mid- 

dlings  .  . 

. 88 

.128 

.607 

3 

lbs.  cotton 

-  seed 

meal  . . . 

.  2.76 

1.116 

1.332 

21.83 

2.309 

12.923 

Nutritive  ration  1  :  5.6. 


You  will  see  that  this  ration  is  very 
nearly  balanced,  having  a  nutritive  ratio 
of  1:5.6,  but  it  should  contain  a  little 
more  protein.  You  would  have  a  better 
ration  if  you  would  substitute  Ajax  for 
at  least  half  of  your  bran  and  middlings, 
and  the  extra  cost  would  be  very  small. 
You  should  feed  your  cows  all  the  cut 
or  shredded  corn  stover  they  will  eat 
three  times  a  day,  which  will  be  20  to 
30  pounds.  The  grain  ration  suggested 
is  enough  for  an  average  1000-pound  cow 
giving  12  to  15  quarts  of  milk  per  day, 
but  you  will  have  to  regulate  the 
amount  for  each  cow  to  suit  her  indi¬ 
vidual  requirements.  c.  s.  G. 

Balancing  the  Feed. 

I  am  feeding  wheat  bran,  one-half;  corn 
chop,  one-fourth  ;  rye  chop,  one-fourth,  and 
my  cows  are  getting  poor.  I  give  mixed 
hay,  clover  and  Timothy  in  the  morning 
and  good  cured  corn  fodder,  all  they  will 
eat,  rest  of  the  day.  Would  you  give  advice 
so  I  can  feed  a  balanced  ration  with  the 
following  feeds :  Mixed  hay  and  corn¬ 
stalks  as  roughage  and  wheat  bran  and 
corn  chop  for  grain.  Oats  are  50  cents, 
buckwheat  60  cents,  and  oil  meal  old  pro¬ 
cess,  and  cotton-seed  meal  I  can  get. 
These  are  the  principal  feeds  we  have  here. 
Cows  are  Ayrshire,  some  fresh  and  rest 
fresh  last  October.  e.  c.  j. 


Pennsylvania. 

Dry 

Digestible 

Pro- 

Carb. 

matter 

tein  t 

and  fat 

12 

lbs.  mixed  hay 
(with  clover) ..  10.44 

.744 

5.52 

12 

lbs.  cut  corn 

stalks  (stover.  .  7.20 

.204 

4.08 

5 

lbs.  wheat  bran.  .  4.40 

.61 

2.265 

1 

lb.  O.  P.  oil  meal  .91 

.293 

.485 

2 

lbs  cotton-seed 
meal  .  1.84 

.744 

.888 

2 

lbs.  corn  chop...  1.78 

.158 

1.528 

26.57 

2.753 

14.766 

Nutritive  ratio,  1  :5.36. 

The  balanced  ration  given  above  will 
produce  very  good  results  when  prop¬ 


erly  fed  to  fresh  Ayrshire  cows  of  a 
milking  strain.  For  cows  that  are  not 
fresh,  of  course  the  quantity  should  be 
reduced  to  correspond  with  the  amount 
of  milk  given.  It  must  be  remembered 
that  feeding  heavy  feeds  like  corn,  cot¬ 
ton  seed  or  gluten  just  before  or  soon 
after  parturition  is  liable  to  cause  a 
fever  which  produces  inflammation  of 
the  udder,  and  may  result  in  the  loss 
of  one  or  more  teats,  or  the  whole  udder 
may  become  permanently  injured.  It  is 
always  safer  to  feed  light  feeds  like 
wheat  bran  until  all  danger  of  inflam¬ 
mation  of  the  udder  is  past. 

In  order  to  get  the  maximum  profit 
from  feeding  a  balanced  ration  of 
course  it  is  necessary  to  keep  cows  in  a 
warm,  comfortable  stable  which  is  well 
lighted  and  ventilated,  otherwise  much 
of  the  feed  which  should  be  used  to 
produce  milk  will  be  required  to  keep 
the  animal  warm.  What  is  meant  by  a 
warm  stable  is  not  one  heated  up  to 
60  or  70  degrees  F.  in  cold  weather, 
but  it  is  one  which  maintains  an  even 
temperature  of  about  45  degrees,  never 
falling  below  the  freezing  point,  and 

always  containing  a  plentiful  supply  of 
fresh  air  without  draughts.  A  stable 

which  is  made  warm  at  the  expense 
of  proper  ventilation  is  not  a  fit  place 
in  which  to  keep  cattle  in  a  healthy  con¬ 
dition.  c.  s.  G. 

Frozen  Turnips  for  Stock. 

I  was  unfortunate  in  having  all  ray 
turnips  frozen  this  Winter.  Would  they 

be  injurious  to  cows  and  pigs  if  used  as 
fodder,  either  raw  or  cooked?  L.  D. 

New  Jersey. 

Frozen  vegetables  should  never  be  fed 
to  live  stock  while  they  are  frozen,  but 
may  be  used  either  raw  or  cooked  as 
soon  as  the  frost  is  thawed  out  of  them. 
They  must  be  used  up  in  a  very  short 
time,  however,  or  they  will  decay  and 
become  worthless.  c.  S.  G. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


Which  Shall  It  Be? 

ONE 

SHARPLES 

Tubular 

Cream  Separator 

and  perfect  satisfaction  for  life— or  several  “mail 
order”  or  other  (so  called)  cheap  separators 
that  exasperate  you  every  day  and  last,  on  the 
average,  one  year  apiece  ? 

Remember  that  one  Tubular  will  outlast  ten 
cheap  machines.  Thena§k  yourself  if  the  Tubu¬ 
lar  is  not  the  cheapest  machine  to  own  and  use. 
Our  local  representative  will  put  a  Sharpies  Dairy 
Tubular— The  World’s  Best  cream  separator- 
right  into  your  home  for  a  thorough 


FREE  TRIAL 

without  one  cent  of  expense  to  you  for 
freight  or  anything  else.  We  can  afford 
to  do  that  because  Tubulars  are  later 
than  and  different 
from  all  others. 

No  disks  or  other 
contraptions. 

Twice  the  skim¬ 
ming  force  of  other 
leparators.  Wear 
a  lifttime.  When 
you  demonstrate 
these  facts, 
in  your  own 
home,  then 
you’ll  have  a 
Tubular  or 
nothing. 

Guaranteed 
forever  b  jr 
America’soid- 
e  s  t  and 
world’s  big¬ 
gest  cream 
s  eparator 
concern. 

Write  for 
1911  catalogue 
No.  153 ,  and 
free  trial. 

THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO. 

WEST  CHESTER,  PA. 

Chicago,  Ill..  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Portland,  Ore. 

Toronto.  Can.  Wlnnlpeg,.Can. 


44  Bushels  to  the  Acre 

is  a  henvy  yield,  but  that’s  what  John  Kennedy  of 
Edmonton,  Alberta,  Western  Canada,  got  from 
40  acres  of  Spring  Wheat  in  1910.  Reports 
from  other  districts  in  that 

firovince  showed  other  excel- 
ent  results— such  os  4,000  bush- 
I  els  of  wheat  from  120  acres,  or 
1 33K  bushels  per  acre.  26, 30  and 
I  40  bushel  yields  were  numerous. 

I  As  high  as  132  bushels  of  oats  to 
I  the  acre  were  threshed  from 
I  Alberta  fields. 

Ithe  silver  cup 

at  the  recent  Spokane  Fair  was 
awarded  to  the  Alberta  Government 
for  its  exhibit  of  grains,  grasses  and  vege¬ 
tables,  Reports  of  excellent  yields  for  1910 
come  also  from  Saskatchewan  and  Manitoba 
in  Western  Canada. 

Free  Homesteads  of  160  acres, 
and  adjoining- pre-emptions  of  160 
acres  (at  $3  per  acre),  are  to  bo  had 
in  the  choicest  districts. 

Schools  convenient,  climate  ex¬ 
cellent,  soil  of  the  very  best,  rail¬ 
ways  close  athnnd.buildinglumber 
cheap,  fuel  easy  to  get  and  reason¬ 
able  in  price,  water  easily  procured, 
mixed  farming  a  success. 

Write  as  to  best  place  for  settlement,  set¬ 
tlers’ low  railway  rates,  pamphlet  “Last  Best 
West”  and  other  information,  to  Supt.  of  Im- 
mig. ,  Ottawa.  Can . ,  or  to  Can .  Gov’ t  Agt.  (54) 

Supt.  of  Immigration.  Ottawa,  Canada,  or 
Canadian  Government  Agent,  30  Syracuse 
Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


na 


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Book  No.  1 

Tells  how  two  men  made 
“56.41  per  Hen  per  Year” 

— explicit  directions  fol¬ 
lowed  by  Edward  and 
Gardner  Corning,  the  ex¬ 
pert  poultrymen,  230  sub¬ 
jects,  25  clear  illustrations, 
all  condensed  into  61  pages. 

Book  No.  2 

The  man  that  owns,  uses, 
buys,  or  loves  a  horse, 
needs“Horse  Secrete, "by 

Professor  Alexander,  De¬ 
partment  of  Horse  Breed¬ 
ing,  University  of  Wiscon¬ 
sin.  Full  of  horse  sense. 

Book  No.  3 

From  amateur  to  expert, 
and  how  you,  too,  can  suc¬ 
ceed  in  the  egg  business  is 
told  in  ihe  “Million  Egg 
Farm”  book.  238  subjects 
treated  in  detail,  47- cuts. 

Book  No.  4 

One  man  sold  a  810,000  cow 
for  $85  liecauso  lie  had 
never  seen  our  book, 

“Half  a  Ton  of  Butter  per 
Cow  per  Year.”  Get  it, 

and  know  how  much  cows 
are  worth. 

Book  No.  5 

Michael  K,  Boyer  knows 
the  poultry  business  from 
A.  to  'A.  He  spent  years 
in  gathering  and  testing 
these  “Poultry  Secrets.” 
They  are  worth  hundreds 
of  dollars  to  you.  66  sub¬ 
jects  covered  comprehen¬ 
sively,  tersely,  honestly. 

Book  No.  6 

“A  good  garden  saves 
doctor  bills,  drives  away 
the  blues,  sweetens  the 
home  and  puts  gold  in  thy 
purse”— 213  subjects  cov¬ 
ered  by  Jacob  Biggie. 
Inimitably  interesting  and 
informing.  49  pictures. 

Book  No.  7 

“Corn  Secrets,”  by  Prof. 

I’.  G.  Holden,  the  corn- 
belt  authority.  143  impor¬ 
tant  points  covered — 104 
illustrations.  This  is  per¬ 
haps  the  most  accurate 
corn  manual  written. 

Book  No.  8 

Free  courses  in  agricul¬ 
ture  are  fully  described  in 
our  new  first  aid  to  pros¬ 
pective  farm  el’s,  “Shall  I 
Farm”— 232  subjects,  a 
few  good  pictures,  64 
pages,  long  wearing  cover, 
complete  index — a  book 
full  of  commonsense. 

Book  No.  9 

“The  Curtiss  Poultry 
Book”  covers  226  subjects, 
written  by  a  pioneer  in 
tlie  poultry  business.  Six 
indispensable  formulas 
for  feed  mixing. 


Here  are  other  folks’  experi¬ 
ences— how  they  got  more  re¬ 
sults  for  less  work.  You  can 
do  as  they  did.  Pick  out  your 
books  right  now.  Perhaps 
never  before  has  such  a  valu¬ 
able  and  easily  read  set  of  farm 
books  been  published — you 
need  them — get  them  at 
once.  See  descriptions  in 
left-hand  column. 

These  nine  books,  printed 
from  large  type  and  easy  to 
read,  are  crowded  with  boiled- 
down  facts  that  you  can  use 
everyday.  They  tell  not  only 
how  others  have  raised  poultry 
and  eggs,  and  made  money  at 
it,  but  how  you  can  do  it,  too — 
how  you  can  get  bigger  profits 
from  your  cows,  whether  you 
have  two  or  twenty— how  you  can 
lie  sure  you’re  getting  a  square 
deal  in  a  horse  trade — how  you 
can  grow  more  corn  from  every 
hill— how  you  can  make  a  10  x  20 
garden  yield  as  much  as  most  folks 
get  from  a  20  x  40  plot. 

All  these  things  and  many  more 
are  told.  These  books  are  the 
cream  of  the  life  experience  of 
experts.  They  are  absolutely 
authentic  —  or  Farm  Journal 
wouldn’t  offer  them  to  you. 

Get  your  set  now;  profit  by  all 
these  other  folks’ efforts.  They  re 
enjoying  the  results  of  their  money¬ 
saving  efforts — so  can  you.  Just 
use  the  coupon  below. 

Why  You  Need 
Farm  Journal 

Farm  Journal  is  printed  for  those 
who  want  to  know  about  flowers 
aud  vegetables,  poultry,  dogs  and 
other  pets,  horses  and  cows,  crops, 
good  roads,  building  and  odd  jobs, 
improvements  around  the  place. 
It  has  home  doctoring  hints,  dress¬ 
making  helps,  ideas  for  an  eve¬ 
ning’s  fun,  cookery  suggestions— 
why  there  isn’t  anything  worth 
while  it  doesn’t  have. 

Farm  Journal  is  the  only  paper  of 
its  kind  in  the  world.  It  helps  the 
amateur  and  the  expert.  It  helps 
the  man  or  woman  who  cultivates 
a  square  rod  or  a  square  mile. 
Farm  Journal  believes  in  clean 
fence  rows,  sharp  tools,  and  the 
101  little  conveniences  that  go  to 
make  a  happy  family.  Take  ad¬ 
vantage  of  this  offer  now. 


What 
Readers 
Say: 

EAST 

Frank  Wolfe,  N.  Y.-“Our 
people  have  learned  to 
call  Farm  Journal,  ‘the 
monthly  sunshine,’  ” 

A.  S.  Austin,  N.  Y. — “Once 
read.  Farm  Journal  is 
hard  to  do  without.” 

M.  E.  W.  King,  Del.— 
“The  books  came  all  right. 

I  like  them  and  think  I 
shall  learn  a  great  deal 
from  the  study  of  each 
one.” 

E.  A.  Nichols,  Mass. — “I 
received  the  Garden  Book 
and  Almanac  and  am  very 
much  pleased  with  them.” 
Mrs.  C.  M.  Spalding, 
Conn. — “I  have  been  an 
appreciative  reader  of 
Farm  Journal  for  25  years 
and  have  a  paid-up  sub¬ 
scription  for  the  next  15 
years.” 

WEST 

F.  J.  Carrol,  Ohio — “Let 
me  say  that  am  most  hap¬ 
pily  disappointed  in  Farm 
Journal.  I  ei  pected  to  bo 
‘stung,’  but  discover  it  to 
be  the  only  really  helpful 
paper  for  the  farm  that  I 
have  yet  seen.” 

Mrs.  Mary  L.  Perry.  Ill. — 
“More  in  one  column  than 
most  others  in  a  whole 
page.” 

W.  F.  Hildebrecht,  Ohio — 
“I  consider  your  paper  so 
valuable  that  my  sub¬ 
scription  is  paid  to  Dec. 
1917.” 

NORTH 

Robert  L.  Haddock,  Minn. 
— “The  October  number 
just  received.  I  would 
not  take  a  dollar  for  it.” 
S.  Moore,  Sask.— “Every 
home  in  the  West  should 
have  Farm  Journal.” 

SOUTH 

W.  H.  Lanzer,  Tenn. — 
“Five  farm  papers  come 
to  our  home,  but  Farm 
Journal  is  the  best.” 
Andrew  J.  Sliipor,  Va. — 
“Farm  Journal  is  not  like 
any  other  farm  paper,  but 
far  better  and  more  inter¬ 
esting.” 

James  Trotter,  Tenn.— “I 
like  Farm  Journal  for  its 
plain  facts.” 


How  to  Get  the  Three  Books  You  Pick  Out 

Use  the  coupon  or  write  a  letter,  enclosing  a  dollar  bill  or  a  money  order  or  even  stamps 
(we  take  all  the  risk,  remember)— and  the  3  books  you  select  will  be  shipped,  fully  prepaid 
and  your  name  entered  for  Farm  Journal  until  January  1,  1913.  If  you  care  for  only  one 

book,  send  only  fifty  cents— _ _ 

you  get  all  these  splendidly 
helpful  issues  of  Farm  Jour¬ 
nal  in  either  case.  You  can 
have  all  your  money  back, 
if  not  satisfied.  Additional 
books,  20c  each. 


SPECIAL  MONEY  BACK  COUPON 

Farm  Journal,  130  Clifton  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Enclosed  is  $1.00.  Please  send  me  books  Nos . . . . 

and  Farm  Journal  until  January  1st,  1913 — also  the  Almanac  if 
1  am  in  time. 


REWARD  FOR  PROMPTNESS 

A  copy  of  the  latest  revised  1911 
edition  of  “Poor  Richard’s  Al¬ 
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long  as  the  Almanacs  last. 
Hurry  your  order  along. 


1911. 


THE  KUKAL  NEW-YORKER 


179 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
K.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


You  Owe  This 

to  Your  Family 

All  wise  people  agree  that  a  home  in  the 
country  is  better  than  a  home  in  the  city. 
But  some  country  homes  miss  one  great  com¬ 
fort  that  even  the  poor  have  in  the  city  and 
that  is  good  light. 

For  nearly  a  hundred  years  city  people 
have  been  keeping  their  homes  bright  and 
cheerful  by  using  gaslight.  You  can  now  have 
this  greatest  of  all  city  comforts  in  your 
country  home — because,  light  for  light,  it  is 
cheaper  than  kerosene  if  you  use  the 

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Over  200,000  country  homes  are  now  made 
pleasant  aud  cheery  by  home-made  gas.  You 
want  your  family  to  be  as  comfortable  as 
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matter. 

The  U.  S.  light-houses  have  been  using  this 
Colt  light  for  seven  years.  It  is  the  safest 
light  made.  Insurance  experts  all  endorse 
it.  It  requires  only  15  minutes  work,  once  a 
month.  A  boy  can  do  it  all.  This  Colt  light 
is  the  best  improvement  you  can  add  to  your 
property.  It  willt  Pay  you  to  write  today  for 
our  book,  17  on  “Modern  Lighting.”  Write 
for  it. 

J.  B.  COLT  CO. 
j  69  A  Murray  St.,  New  York 


The  money-saving  advantages  of  a  slate 
roof  mast  be  apparent  to  every  man  who 
looks  the  question  squarely  in  the  face. 

No  roofing  material  except  slate  can 
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once  laid  settles  your  roofing  question 
forever.  It  can  be  placed  on  any  building, 
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You,  reader,  should  be  greatly  interested  in 
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Furs  are  high.  A  fact  which  you  are  all  probably  ac¬ 
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highest  market  value  for  yours  i  Remember  we  do  not 
charge  any  commission;  pay  all  express  charges;  will 
hold  your  goods  separate  for  approval  of  our  valuation, 
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pa.y  all  charges.  Don’t  you  think  we  are  entitled  to  a 
trial  shipment  on  the  strength  of  the  foregoing  i  For 
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CORNSTALKS  FOR  HORSES. 

Last  Winter  we  fed  our  four  horses  corn¬ 
stalks  cut  one  inch  and  sprinkled  with  feed 
molasses,  and  cut  down  our  grain  bill  nearly 
one-half.  The  horses  came  through  the 
Winter  in  better  shape  than  for  three  years 
previous,  but  we  never  worked  hard  in 
Winter.  This  year  we  shall  work  them 
harder  and  feed  more  molasses. 

Connecticut.  farview  farm. 

We  have  wintered  horses  011  cornstalks 
for  some  years.  The  secret  is  to  have 
the  stalks  clean  and  bright  and  to  feed 
some  laxative  food  with  them.  Mouldy 
stalks  fed  with  corn  grain  will  take  the 
life  out  of  a  horse.  Bran,  linseed  meal 
or  molasses  are  all  good.  A  crop  of 
carrots  makes  a  fine  feed  with  dry  stalks. 
Many  farmers  begin  feeding  the  stalks 
too  late  in  the  Winter.  We  began  last 
year  late  in  October,  for  the  dry  Fall 
has  put  them  in  fine  shape. 

SUNFLOWERS  IN  THE  SILO, 

On  page  1179  Mr.  Wilcox  speaks  of  grow¬ 
ing  corn  and  sunflowers  together  for  silage. 
Will  he  tell  us  what  sort  of  silage  this 
combination  makes?  g.  m. 

I  have  found  this  silage  very  satis¬ 
factory.  The  top  of  the  silo  was  filled 
with  clear  corn,  and  having  fed  that 
off  down  to  that  containing  the  sun¬ 
flowers,  I  find  the  cows  are  giving  just  as 
much  milk  as  they  did  on  the  clear 
corn  silage.  I  cannot  say  that  it  is 
any  better,  but  as  we  quite  often  do 
not  have  a  good  corn  season;  and  sun¬ 
flowers  will  grow  under  adverse  con¬ 
ditions,  I  thought  I  would  try  it.  I 
shall  put  them  in  next  year  again.  I 
would  say  that  my  cows  freshen  in 
Spring,  so  I  do  not  get  such  a  large 
quantity  of  milk  now.  m.  h.  wilcox. 


FEEDING  COLLIES. 

Will  you  advise  the  best  way  to  feed 
molasses  to  dogs  (collies)  ?  Their  hair 
falls  out  without  apparent  cause  before  it 
has  fully  grown.  I  have  been  feeding  with 
a  prepared  food  which  is  mostly  cereal  in 
its  make-up  and  I  think  it  is  too  heating., 
I  have  been  told  that  molasses  is  good  to 
produce  a  rich  coat.  Do  you  know  of  any¬ 
thing  better?  Dogs  are  in  good  health 
otherwise.  J.  1.  g. 

I.oug  Island. 

The  cereal  food  referred  to  probably  con¬ 
tains  too  much  cornmeal,  which  is  over¬ 
heating  and  too  fattening.  it  is  apt  to 
strip  collies  of  hair  if  fed  liberally.  We 
have  never  fed  black  strap  molasses  to 
collies,  but  there  should  be  no  objection 
to  it  as  a  sweetener  of  other  suitable  food. 
It  is  quickly  and  easily  digested  and  tends 
to  slightly  open  the  bowels  and  so  would 
lead  to  improvement  of  the  coat.  To  en¬ 
courage  a  heavy  coat  the  dogs  should  be 
out  of  doors  as  much  as  possible.  Cod¬ 
dling  collies  in  hot  quarters  is  injurious ; 
in  fact  it  is  injurious  to  any  dog.  Vege¬ 
table  soup  made  with  beef  bones  and 
thickened  with  red  dog  flour  will  prove 
suitable  food,  and  in  addition  would  allow 
some  parboiled  meat  and  parboiled  liver 
several  times  a  week  in  addition  to  allow¬ 
ing  large  raw  beef  bones  to  chew.  Meat 
scrap  is  also  used  by  dog  fanciers.  In  dog 
feeding  on  a  large  scale  horse  meat  is 
much  used  and  is  admirable  food,  being 
lean  and  free  from  grease.  In  feeding 
molasses  begin  with  a  tablespoonful  twice 
daily  in  food  and  gradually  increase 
amount,  but  watch  that  it  docs  not  cause 
scouring.  Tn  fitting  dogs  emulsion  of  cod 
liver  oil  also  is  excellent  for  stimulating 
health  of  coat  and  bringing  out  the  feather 
and  frill  in  collies.  a.  s.  a. 


Lice  on  Sow. 

I  have  a  sow  infested  with  lice.  I  am 
afraid  they  will  get  on  the  cattle  and 
horses.  My  cows  have  been  near  her,  hut 
will  keep  them  away  now.  What  is  the 
easiest  and  quickest  way  to  get  rid  of  the 
torments?  c.  s. 

New  York. 

Hog  lice  do  not  infest  cattle  or  horses. 
To  get  rid  of  them  apply  freely  along  spine 
a  mixture  of  equal  parts  of  kerosene  and 
machine  oil  by  means  of  an  oil  can ;  or 
apply  it  to  all  parts  of  the  body  by  rub¬ 
bing  in  with  a  rag  or  cotton  waste.  Repeat 
the  application  in  10  days.  Irritating  ap¬ 
plications,  such  as  undiluted  kerosene,  can¬ 
not  safely  be  used  ou  sows  in  pig,  as  aboi’r 
tion  may  follow  their  use.  A  two  per  cent 
solution  of  coal  tar  dip,  made  creamy  with 
flowers  of  sulphur,  is  also  effective  for  rid¬ 
ding  hogs  of  lice.  It  is  necessary  to  clean 
up,  disinfect  and  whitewash  the  stables 
and  pens  and  to  supply  fresh,  clean  bed¬ 
ding  at  all  times.  Lice  are  most  common 
and  troublesome  in  hot,  dirty,  damp,  badly 
ventilated,  dark  stables.  Such  places  are 
an  abomination  for  any  kind  of  animal. 

A.  S.  A. 


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Don’t  Work  for  Nothing. 

We  have  often  wondered  why  it  is 
that  some  implement  dealers  persuade 
the  farmer  to  purchase  implements  of 
inferior  quality.  There  is  only  one 
logical  reason  for  this,  and  that  is  that 
the  dealer  makes  a  larger  profit  on  the 
inferior  article.  It  is  of  vital  importance 
to  purchase  a  grain  drill  of  known  merit. 
Just  think  for  a  moment  what  a  poor 
drill  can  do  for  the  farmer.  It  will  put 
in  his  crop  in  such  poor  shape  as  to  in¬ 
vite  failure,  and  thereby  lessens  his  profits 
In  short  he  virtually  works  for  nothing. 
Buy  a  grain  drill  of  a  well  known  make 
— a  drill  that  will  do  your  work  right 
— a  drill  that  will  sow  all  known  seeds 
and  grasses  and  that  will  successfully 
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by  all  means  get  a  drill  that  will  enable 
you  to  reseed  sod  land  in  the  right  way. 
We  have  in  mind  the  Farmers’  Favorite, 
made  by  The  American  Seeding-Machine 
Co.,  Incorporated,  Springfield,  Ohio,  and 
we  advise  our  readers  to  write  to  them 
for  their  Farmers’  Favorite  catalogue; 
also  go  to  your  local  dealer  and  ask  to 
see  this  drill.  It  pays  to  own  a  good 
grain  drill.  If  you  want  a  good  crop 
the  way  to  get  it  is  to  plant  it  right. 
When  you  put  in  your  seed  any  old 
time,  and  in  any  old  way,  you  shake 
hands  with  that  enemy  of  all  mankind— 
Failure. 


Bickmore’s  cS tl 


Harness  and  Saddle  Galls 

Great  hot  weather  remedy  for  galls,  sore 
shoulders,  wire  cuts,  sores.  A  healing,  cur¬ 
ing  salve  in  use  18  years;  standard  remedy 
with  horsemen.  Cures  while  horse  works.  Sold 
by  dealers  ;  money  back  if  it  rails.  Send  5c 
( for  postage  and  packing)  and  get  sample 
aud  84-page  valuable  horse  book. 

Blckmore  Gall  Curs Company 

Box  282  Old  Town,  Malno 


I  WANT  FAIR  PLAY. 

i  For  45  years  I  have  fought  all  forms 
i  of  trust  combinations,  have  kept  my 
prices  down  where  every  farmer  could 
buy  a  first  class  scale  at  a  fair  price 
,  and  have  protected  the  dealer.  Now 
the  implement  dealers  largely  sub¬ 
sidized  by  the  trusts  say  that  if  I  sell 
my  scales  to  a  farmer  they  won’t  let  me 
,  „  ,  sell  to  any  dealer.  All  right.  I  am 

ready  for  tho  fight.  Hereafter  my  price  is  ’he  same  to  all 
Money  talks  and  any  responsible  man  can  buy  my  scales 
on  approval  to  be  paid  for  on  agreed  terms  at  dealt;  s 
price.  Money  talks  and  your  request  on  a  postal  card  will 
bring  you  my  offer  on  any  kind  of  a  scale  that  you  mav 
want,  big  or  little.  Money  talks  and  if  you  have  the 
money  I  have  the  scales  and  the  inclination  to  fight  tho 
trust  which  says  that  no  man  can  buy  my  scales  without 
paying  a  profit  to  tho  dealer.  Write  me  and  soon. 

JONES  He  Pays  the  Freight.” 

20  May  St.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


18J 

that  Virginia  hen  man. 

Since  Mr.  James  E.  Walter,  Jr.,  told  us 
on  page  1211  about  lijs  hen  business  and 
the  great'  “business  ben,”  “Queen  Lil,” 
there  have  been  a  number  of  questions. 
The  first  is  regarding  this  ben  and  her 
record.  Did  she  run  at  large,  or  was  she 
kept  up  with  a  small  flock.  Mr.  Walters 
now  says  regarding  this: 

You  ask  if  *  “Queen  Lil”  was  trap- 
nested,  was  in  a  pen  alone  or  with 
others.  She  was  on  free  range  with 
about  65  other  hens  until  February  1, 
when  her  flock  was  reduced  to  about 
45  hells  and  penned  for  breeding  pur¬ 
poses.  -We  were  trap-nesting  at  that 
time  about  230  pullets,  No.  144  (Queen 
Lil),  leading  with  234  eggs;  No.  130, 
second,  212.;  No.  197,  third,  199.  We 
never  saw  more  than  two  or  three  in¬ 
fertile  eggs  from  “Queen  Lil,”  while  we 
set  probably  50  from  No.  197,  not  one 
of  which  was  fertile.  In  contrast  to  the 
above  egg  record,  let  us  give  the  egg 
record  of  four  others  for  four  months: 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


February  nt 


No.  274  .  r. 
No.  279  .  .  . 
No.  310  .  .  . 
No.  311 


Dec. 

G 

2 

1 

1 


Jan. 

4 

1 

G 

1 


Feb.  Mar. 

4  G 

0  0 

0  0 

1  10 


These  pullets  were  all  fed,  bred  and 
handled  alike  in  every  way. 

In  an  article  by  James  E.  Walter,  Jr., 
on  page  1211,  be  says:  “Our  most  satis¬ 
factory  bouses  are  174x24  feet,  7%  feet 
high  in  front  and  5%  feet  high  in  back, 
facing  south  ;  each  house  has  two  windows, 
12  lights,  10x12  glass.”  A  house  24  feet 
deep  from  front  to  back  would  need  more 
than  two-foot  pitch  to  the  roof,  and  two 
window's  about  3x4  feet  iu  a  house  174 
feet  long  would  make  rather  a  dark  house. 
I  am  intfereSttd  in  Mr.  Walters’  article  be¬ 
cause  we  have  recently  come  to  Virginia, 
and  expect  to  raise  chickens  in  an  orchard 
as  be  is  doing.  Wo  are  undecided  as  to 
the  best  plan  of  poultry  house  to  use  in 
this  section,  and  so  would  like  to  know 
what  the  dimensions  of  his  poultry  houses 
really  are,  mbs.  g.  b.  m. 

The  article  should  have  read  14x24 
feet  and  not  174  x  24  as  printed.  Mrs. 
G.  E.  M.  says  she  expects  to  raise  chick¬ 
ens  in  an  orchard  as  I  am  doing,  so  a 
word  of  warning  in  regard  to  hawks 
may  not  be  out  of  place.  The  orchard 
furnishes  an  ideal  place  for  raising 
chickens;  it  also  furnishes  ideal  stalk¬ 
ing  ground  for  the  Blue-tailed  hawk. 
In  the  Blue  Ridge  section  of  Virginia 
the  hawks  are  quite  numerous  and  we 
lost  last  year  not  less  .than  800  chickens 
from  this  cause  alone. 

Virginia.  james  e.  Walter,  jr. 


STOCK  FOOD  IN  FLORIDA. 

T Since  the  Hope  Farm  man  began  talking 
about  cattle  raising  in  Florida,  numerous 
people  have  written  about  what  can  be 
grown  in  that  State  for  stock  food.  Some 
of  them  seem  to  think  Florida  is  a  sort  of 
desert  incapable  of  producing  anything  with¬ 
out  a  load  of  fertilizer.  The  fact  is  there 
are  few  places  where  fodder  crops  can  be 
grown  to  better  advantage.  The  following 
statement  by  1’rof.  I*.  II.  Rolfs,  of  the 
Florida  Experiment  Station,  shows  what  can 
be  done.] 

For  forage  to  be  used  in  the  near  future, 
I  might  suggest  the  sowing  of  a  mixture  of 
rye,  oats  and  barley,  using  the  seed  iu  about 
equal  proportions,  and  applying  about  a 
bushel  to  a  bushel  and  a  half  of  the  seed 
to  the  acre.  Of  course,  this  would  be  prac- 
1  ce!'.y  wobblers.  for  grain  purposes,  but 
good  for  green  forage.  For  grazing  pur¬ 
poses  even  as  high  as  two  bushels  per 
acre  would  not  he  too  much.  With  this 
mixture  would  be  more  or  less  of  a  succes¬ 
sion  of  feeds.  Dwarf  Essex  rape  might 
also  be  sown  in  drills,  if  put  in  immediately, 
though  the  chances  are  somewhat  against 
this  making  a  good  crop,  since  it  is  probable 
that  the  warm  weather  would  come  on  be¬ 
fore  much  grazing  could  be  expected  from  it. 
Late  in  February  it  would  pay  you  to  put 
out  a  half  acre  or  an  acre  of  Japanese  cane. 
This  would  make  Winter  forage  for  next 
year.  Under  favorable  circumstances,  you 
would  have  12  to  15  tons  of  green  matter 
per  acre,  if  the  land  is  fertile.  Along  in 
xuarch  sorghum  might  be  sown  in  drills, 
especially  the  early  ripening  varieties.  This 
would  come  in  rather  quickly  and  give  some 
grazing  by  about  the  last  of  May  or  first 
of  June.  Corn  might  be  sown  iu  the  same 
way.  Then  turn  the  stock  in  on  them  when 
it  got-  to  be  about  knee  high.  For  this 
purpose  the  corn  should  be  sown  thickly  in 
the  drills. 

.  During  August  Velvet  beans  could  be 
planted,  to  provide  a  crop  for  next  Winter. 
The  early  part  of  April  cow  peas  could  also 
be  sown  for  early  grazing.  This  would  come 
Into  use  in  about  eight  weeks,  or  a  little 
longer.  Cow  peas  and  sorghum  could  be 
sown  during  this  month,  broadcast,  for 
pasture  purposes.  This  could  be  pastured 
in  about  six  to  eight  weeks  from  the  time 
of  sowing.  During  this  same  month  sow 
beggarweed  seed  in  the  rough.  It  should 
be  sown  in  all  the  fields  that  are  to  be 
planted  to  any  kind  of  crop  in  which  clean 
culture  is  practiced  duriug  the  early  part 
of  the  season.  For  quick  germination, 
beggarweed  seed  needs  to  be  clean.  This 
can  oe  sown  as  late  as  in  May  with  a  fair 
prospect  of  getting  a  crop.  About  the  first 
of  July  cow  peas  are  sown  for  hay  pur¬ 
poses.  If  they  are  sown  in  the  cornfield, 
they  may  be  put  in  a  little  earlier,  but  in 
the  open  they  make  the  best  crop,  as  a 
rule,  when  sown  between  the  first  week 
of  July  and  last  week  of  July.  This  will 


mature  soon  after  the  rainy  season  has 
closed.  The  beggarweed  that  lias  been  kept 
back  by  late  cultivation  will  also  mature  a 
good  crop  of  leguminous  hay  by  the  time 
that  the  rainy  season  has  closed.  For  mak¬ 
ing  a  permanent  pasture  in  Florida,  nothing 
is  better  than  Bermuda  grass  as  a  basis. 
The  seed  does  uot  take  readily,  but  it  is 
worth  while  to  try  it  repeatedly  if  you 
fail  at  first.  The  seed  should  be  sown  in 
the  Spring,  some  time  after  the  middle  of 
April  and  before  the  middle  of  May.  A 
field  sown  to  Bermuda  needs  to  be  mown 
frequently,  in  the  early  part  of  the  Sum¬ 
mer  at  least,  to  keep  the  rank  weeds  and 
crabgrass  from  smothering  out  the  delicate 
Bermuda  seedlings.  After  it  had  once  gotten 
a  hold,  it  is  likely  to  maintain  itself.  By 
repeated  mowings,  the  tall  and  rank  weeds 
are  kept  down  and  the  more  nutritious  and 
succulent  native  grasses,  known  locally  as 
the  Paspalums,  come  in  and  make  good 
forage.  Some  of  the  Fall  I'aspalums  are 
especially  well  adapted  to  make  a  perma¬ 
nent  pasture.  Seed  of  these  native  Paspalums 
is  not  on  the  market,  consequently  one  has 
to  depend  upon  a  more  or  less  “  hit  and 
.miss”  plan  to  get  these  distributed  through 
the  Bermuda  pasture. 

In  the  last  10  years  I  have  seen  a  number 
of  first-class,  good  pastures  in  Florida,  a 
tiling  that  we  formerly  thought  was  not 
possible.  In  every  one  of  these  the  Ber¬ 
muda  grass  was  the  foundation.  Then  i 
native  grasses  came  in  and  gave  grazing  for 
a  considerable  portion  of  the  year.  There 
is  usually  uo  difficulty  in  getting  an  abun¬ 
dance  of"  feed  up  to  about  the  first  of  De¬ 
cember.  From  the  first  of  December  to 
about  the  middle  of  March  we  need  to  pro¬ 
vide  come  cultivated  crop  for  forage.  Of 
course,  cattle  will  live '  through,  but  they 
are  about  as  nearly  worthless  as  anything 
one  could  well  imagine.  This  year  cattle 
on  the  range  have  had  good  grazing  up  to 
the  present,  and  we  still  have  some  very 
fair  looking  cattle  on  the  open  range,  but 
from  this  on  it  will  he  pretty  severe  on 
them.  The  Velvet  bean  is  the  one  crop 
that  has  done  more  for  beef-raising  in 
Florida  than  any  other.  It  now  stands 
about  sixth  or  seventh  among  our  cultivated 
farm  crops.  r.  h.  roi.FS. 


Use  Indestructible  Hameless  Horse  and  Mule  Collars 


To  prevent  and  cure  sore  shoulders.  No  hames,  pads  or  straps;  stronger, 
lighter,  better.  Made  of  metal  and  zinc  coated.  Guaranteed  not  to  rust  in 
any  climate.  Adjustable  in  size  to  fit  animal  if  spring  fat  or  fall  poor. 
Holds  it’s  shape.  Cheaper  because  everlasting.  Easy  to  put  on  and  take  off. 

w1toerrray  YEAR’S  FREE  TRIAL 

Endorsed  by  veterinaries  and  team  owners  as  the  only  collar  fit  to  use  on 
horse  or  mule.  Used  by  City  Fire  Departments  and  U.  S.  Government.  Sold 
direct  where  dealer  does  not  handle  them.  Good  agents  wanted.  Address 
JOHNSTON-Sl.OCUM  CO.,  708  State  Street,  CARO,  MICHIGAN 


This  Rope  Tackle  Locks  and  Stays  Looked! 


The 
BURR 
Block 
Stays 
Locked 


The  Burr  Automatic  Safety  Tackle  Block  is  the  only  one  that 
compares  with  the  chain  block,  but  it  is  100%  easier  to  manip¬ 
ulate.  The  Burr  block  locks  and  stays  locked  at  any  angle  yet  it 
does  not  gouge  and  chew  into  the  rope  every  time  it  is  set. 

One  man  alone  can  do  more  lifting  than  three  strong  men  with  the  aid  ot 

Burr  Automatic 
Safety  Tackle  Block 

You  do  not  need  to  call  for  help  every  time  you  want  to  change  a  wagon 

vn< 


box,  or  on  automobile  body,  stretch  a  wire,  or  lift  any  heavy  weight  when 
you  own  a  Burr  block.  You  would  not  be  without  it  after  using  a  Burr  block. 

Our  smallest  block  (capacity  600  pounds)  costs  but  75  cents. 
Our  largest  block  (capacity  5,000  pounds)  costs  but  $4.45.  Tho 
Burr  block  pays  for  itself  in  a  very  short  time  in  the  labor 
and  time  saved  through  its  use.  Tho  Burr  block  has  a  hundred 
uses  on  every  farm. 

Write  us  and  we  will  tell  you  the  name  of  the  dealer  in  your 
locality  who  handles  the  Burr  block.  Send  for  free  booklet 
of  valuable  information  about  hundling  heavy  objects.  This 
booklet  gives  full  information  about  the  Burr  Antomatio 
Safety  Tackle  Block— prices,  sizes,  capacities.  Write  for  it 
today. 

BURR  MFG.  C0.f  136  Viaduct,  Cleveland,  0. 


THE  PLANT  FOOD  PROBLEM  SOLVED 

BY  USERS  OF 


Bradley’s  Fertilizers 

“The  World’s  Best  By  Every  Test” 


Sometimes  farmers  say  they  cannot  afford  to  use  as  much 
as  1000  lbs.  of  fertilizer  per  acre,  yet  many  farmers  have 
proved  that  as  much  or  more  is  very  profitable  to  them. 
How  much  to  use  is  a  problem  every  one  must  work  out 
for  himself.  Our  most  successful  customers  say  they  find 
as  they  have  increased  from  year  to  year  the  amount  of 
fertilizer  used,  the  easier  it  has  been  to  pay  for  it.  This  is 
the  way  they  express  the  greater  profit  derived  from  using 
1500  to  2000  lbs.  per  acre  instead  of  a  smaller  quantity  on 
their  market  crops. 

Many  of  them  use  a  ton  to  the  acre  of  Bradley’s  High  Grade 
Fertilizer  and  find  that  it  pays  in  the  crop  marketed  and  in  the  up¬ 
keep  or  improvement  of  the  land  for  succeeding  crops.  You  cannot 
tell  without  experimenting  how  much  fertilizer  will  pay  you  best.  If 
you  have  not  already  solved  this  problem,  begin  next  season  and  use 

«• 

Bradley’s  Fertilizers 

Our  local  agents  have  a  new  descriptive  booklet  and 

calendar  for  1911  for  you.  If  we  have  no  agent  near  you 

-— *•  *  «■ 

write  us  today-  for  our  agency  proposition.  Address  Depart¬ 
ment  M 

BRADLEY  FERTILIZER  WORKS 


OF  THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURAL  CHEMICAL  CO. 


92  State  St., 
Boston. 


2  Rector  St., 
New  York. 


P.  0.  Drawer  970, 
Buffalo. 


Rose  Building, 
Cleveland. 


Cincinnati  Office,  1204  Second  National  Bank  Building. 


1911 


181 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE 

Receipts  of  fish  at  Boston,  Mass.,  dup¬ 
ing  1910  amounted  to  102,059,154  pounds, 
the  heaviest  on  record. 

Following  are  the  top  prices  per  10- 
hour  day  paid  the  following  workmen  in 
Germany:  Plumbers,  $1.20;  pattern  mak¬ 

ers,  $1.67 ;  carpenters,  95  cents ;  bricklay¬ 
ers,  $1.19  ;  type  setters,  $1.20  ;  blacksmiths, 
83  cents;  weavers,  64  cents;  painters,  86 
cents  ;  street  laborers,  71  cents. 

Large  Tobacco  Sales. — Danville,  Va.,  is 
a  great  tobacco  market.  Auction  sales  of 
loose  leaf  tobacco  there  January  31 
amounted  to  nearly  1,000,000  pounds.  This 
is  the  heaviest  day's  business  done  in  any 
one  market  this  season. 

Beans  by  Weight. — The  New  York 
wholesale  bean  dealers  have  adopted  weight 
instead  of  measure  as  the  basis  for  trade 
here.  The  new  rule,  in  effect  February  1, 
provides  that  100  pounds,  instead  of  one 
bushel,  shall  be  the  standard,  and  that 
sales  shall  be  at  net  weight.  The  tares 
to  be  deducted  are  as  follows :  Cotton 
seamless  sacks,  12  ounces;  one-bushel  light 
sacks,  six  ounces ;  California  Lima  sacks, 
eight  ounces ;  jute  sacks  in  which  imported 
beans  are  received,  two  pounds. 

Trade  with  Canada.— During  1910  our 
exports  to  Canada  amounted  to  $223,501,- 
809.  and  our  imports,  $104,199,675.  The 
heaviest  items  of  import  were :  Lumber 
products,  $20,607,086  ;  flaxseed,  $6,430,509  ; 
wood  pulp,  $4,966,536;  coal,  $4,508,120; 
fish,  $3,613,688;  cream,  $1,884,175;  hay, 
$1,464,429;  live  stock,  $20,607,086;  oats, 
$249,859;  wheat,  $119,898;  potatoes,  $29,- 
000.  Following  were  the  largest  exports : 
Coal,  $32,515,003;  lumber,  $9,308,943; 
fruits  and  nuts,  $6,183,012 ;  corn,  $5,557,- 
199;  wheat,  $1,063,403;  machinery,  $11,- 
514,511;  live  stock,  $3,580,812;  meat  pro¬ 
ducts,  $3,158,140;  hay,  $161,435;  potatoes, 
$155,814;  butter,  $59,064.  Of  Canada's 
entire  trade,  50  per  cent  is  with  the  United 
States ;  35.9  per  cent  with  Great  Britain  ; 
France,  1.9;  Germany,  1.5;  British  West 
Indies,  1.3.  The  remainder  is  divided 
among  Newfoundland,  Belgium,  South 
America,  Australia,  Africa,  Netherlands 
and  Japan. 

Eggs. — While  white  eggs  continue  nomin¬ 
ally  above  30  cents,  the  bulk  of  the  mar¬ 
ket  Is  on  a  much  lower  basis  and  de¬ 
cidedly  weak  in  the  face  of  the  steadily 
increasing  receipts.  Interior  markets  are 
overstocked,  and  large  numbers  who  ordin¬ 
arily  sell  nearer  home,  have  been  discour¬ 
aged  by  the  drop  in  price  and  are  looking 
for  an  outlet  in  New  York,  but  with  gen¬ 
erally  disappointing  results  so  far  as  im¬ 
proved  prices  are  concerned.  Offering 
goods  to  a  falling  market  is  discouraging 
business,  as  buyers  are  critical  and  unwill¬ 
ing  to  take  more  than  enough  for  current 
needs. 

Bleached  Oats. — Why  is  it  we  cannot 
purchase  any  oats  except  those  which  are 
bleached?  What  is  the  process  of  bleach¬ 
ing,  and  does  it  affect  the  quality  of  the 
oats  ?  p.  c. 

Maine. 

A  common  method  of  bleaching  is  ex¬ 
posure,  of  the  oats  to  sulphur  fumes,  which 
improve  .  the  appearance  of  discolored  or 
weatherbeaten  grain.  The  principle  is  the 
same  as  in  bleaching  dried  apples,  and  is 
quite  easily  carried  out  in  grain  elevators, 
where  large  quantities  of  oats  are  stored. 
It  is  not  thought  that  the  bleaching  in¬ 
jures  the  feeding  qualities  of  the  grain, 
but  its  germination  is  likely  to  be  lowered. 
In  business  on  grain  exchanges  bleached 
oats  are  classed  as  “purified”  and  are  sub¬ 
ject  to  special  inspection  rules.  It  is 
doubtful  whether  many  retail  buyers  are 
told  that  oats  are  bleached  or  otherwise, 
and  when  they  are  sold  badly  weathered 
grain  that  has  been  made  to  look  bright 
by  any  artificial  process,  they  are  swindled 
to  that  extent. 

Those  Milk  Rules  mentioned  on  page 
175  are  probably  well  meant;  but  there  is 
serious  doubt  whether  the  “Grade  A”  and 
“Grade  B,”  etc.,  business  will  follow  the 
milk  to  the  consumer.  So  long  as  dipped 
milk  can  be  had  at  a  lower  price  than 
bottled  it  will  be  used  for  infant  food  by 
the  thousands  who  must  practice  the 
closest  economy.  It  is  said  that  the  eagle 
hustles  her  nestlings  out  of  the  nest  in 
order  to  make  them  fly,  and  it  would  seem 
as  though  such  a  process  might  be  good  for 
sonic  of  those  responsible  for  health  board 
rU?' s'  v.*Z->  shut  up  their  laboratories  and 
offices  for  a  day  or  two,  and  put  in  the 
time  on  the  street  in  localities  where  milk 
is  retailed  in  violation  of  all  sanitary 
rules-  The  laboratory  bacteria  could  weil 
be  ,  left  to  slumber  in  their  “cubic  centi¬ 
meters'’  without  being  counted,  while  the 
big  guns  in  the  department  were  learning 
more  about  the  actual  retail  sale  of  milk, 
and  perhaps,  shooing  a  few  of  the  street 
microbes  out  of  the  open  cans  or  bottles. 

w.  w.  h. 


TH  EC  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

NOTES  ON  PARCELS  POST. 


Lice  on  Heifer. 

I  had  a  heifer  come  home  from  the  pas¬ 
ture  last  Fall  covered  with  lice,  the  great 
black  kind.  What  can  I  do  for  her?  I 
have  been  washing  in  dip  solution,  but  do 
not  seem  to  get  rid  of  them.  c.  p.  r 

Maine. 

Four  ounces  of  stavesacre  seeds  boiled 
n  a  gallon  of  water  makes  a  sure  killer  of 
„  oal  tar  dip  solution  made  creamy 
uith  flowers  of  sulphur  also  proves  effec¬ 
tive,  but  whatever  is  used  should  be  re¬ 
applied  in  10  days  to  kill  new  broods  of 
lice  hatched  from  nits.  Also  clean  up,  dis¬ 
infect  and  whitewash  the  stable,  a.  s  a 


Having  been  a  silent  reader  of  The 
R.  N.-Y.  for  some  time  I  thought  I  would 
write  a  few  ideas  that  have  been  troubling 
me  for  some  time  about  parcels  post.  The 
anti-parcels  post  league  is  sending  out 
literature  to  all  the  merchants  in  country 
towns,  including  petitions  to  be  presented 
to  patrons,  and  a  lengthy  article  to  be  sent 
in  to  each  local  newspaper,  telling  the  poor 
deluded  farmer  why  he  should  vote  against 
parcels  post.  They  also  include  the  min¬ 
utes  of  a  meeting  of  the  league  signed  by 
perhaps  200  firms.  I  cannot  remember  who 
made  the  speeches,  but  the  drift  of  their 
worry  seemed  to  be  that  if  we  had  parcels 
post  the  jobbers  or  middlemen  would 
straightway  be  out  of  a  job.  They  all 
agreed  that  this  would  be  a  sure  thing,  and 
they  were  nearly  all  jobbers.  I  presume 
almost  any  one  can  figure  out  results  from 
this ;  that  the  consumer  and  the  consumer 
only  supports  the  jobber.  They  acknowl¬ 
edge  that  the  producer  and  consumer  would 
deal  more  direct.  Now  in  regard  to  a  par¬ 
cels  post  putting  the  small  town  merchant 
out  of  business,  it  seems  to  me  that  if  the 
small  merchant  who  buys  in  quantities  and 
has  his  goods  come  by  freight  at  from 
one-half  cent  to  a  cent  and  a  half  per 
pound  cannot  compete  with  the  mail  order 
houses  plus  the  postal  rate  per  pound, 
then  I  think  they  should  go  out  of  business 
and  stay  out. 

Referring  to  LT.  S.,  page  59.  in  regard  to 
selling  potatoes  to  the  storekeeper,  I  had 
the  same  experience.  I  was  offered  the 
price  asked  by  the  wholesaler  and  they 
would  not  figure  in  the  freight,  and  that  is 
not  all.  I  do  not  know  how  IT.  S.  would 
have  been  paid,  but  I  would  have  been 
compelled  to  take  my  pay  “in  trade.”  I  do 
not  know  whether  the  wholesaler  made  oc¬ 
casional  trips  to  my  town  to  trade  out 
his  potato  money  or  not,  but  I  am  in¬ 
clined  to  think  that  he  received  cash  for 
his  spuds. 

It  seems  to  me  that  old  argument  about 
the  merchant  helping  to  support  the  schools 
and  churches  is  about  ready  for  patches. 
It  is  getting  holes  in  it.  Every  cent  that 
he  pays  toward  schools  and  churches  is 
contributed  by  his  patrons.  It  is  nothing 
out  of  his  poeket  at  all.  Just  as  a  few 
years  ago,  when  a  certain  oil  king  used  to 
bestow  a  few  hundred  thousand  on  some 
college,  the  price  of  oil  would  suddenly  soar. 
In  reality  the  consumer  made  the  gift,  but 
the  oil  king  got  all  the  glory,  and  he  Is 
only  a  sample.  And  speaking  of  oil,  we 
get  Standard  Oil  product  in  five-gallon  lots 
at  20  cents  per  gallon.  No  competition 
here.  p.  b. 

Nebraska. 


SCOTT’S 

EMULSION 


IS  THE  ONLY  EMULSION 
IMITATED 

If  there  was  any  other 
Emulsion  as  good  as  SCOTT’S, 
SCOTT’S  would  not  be  the 
only  one  imitated. 

For  thirty-five  years  it  has 
been  the  standard  remedy  for 
Coughs ,  Colds ,  Loss  o_f 
Flesh,  Anemia,  "Bronchitis 
A.JVD 

CONSUMPTION 

Be  sure  to  get  SCOTT’S;  every 
bottle  of  it  is  guaranteed  and  backed  by 
a  world-wide  reputation. 

ALL  DRUGGISTS 


RAKES  HAY  RIGHT  WAY 


w>  Jnepair  parts  supplied  for 

WON  ME 


Genuine  New  York  Champion  ^ 
flay  Rake,  now  an  Iron  A^e  proa-  _ 
r  JCt,  made  from  original  patterns;  light,  — 
strong,  compact,  gets  all  the  hay;  levers^ 
convenient  and  easily  operated;  no  jar — easy 
r  !>n  horse  and  rider;  8,9  and  10ft  widths;  lasts  a  , 
life-time;  known  everywhere  for  32  years  as  BEST. 
Repair  parts  supplied  for  old  rakes. 

Farm  and 

_ Barden  Too/a 

Stock  carried  at  Canastota  and  Elmira,  N.  Y.,  Spring- 
field  Maes.,  Burnham,  Me.,  and  by  our  agent* 

erally.  Write  to  day  for  Anniversary  "GsedOM; 
Catalog,  showing  Potato  Machin<  Vrlsudagj 

cry.  Ilay  Kakes,  Garden,  Or-  sfc 
chard  and  other  tools— free.  i 

k  BATEMAN  M’F’GCO.,. 

Box  102  R 
GRENLOCH. 

N.  J.  [ 

Make  Boy’s  Work 
of  Plowing 

Any  boy  old  enough  to  drive  can  plow 
as  well  as  a  man  by  using 

WINNER  PLOW  TRUCKS 

They  hold  plow  handles  steady  and  take  nearly 
all  the  slavfshness  out  of 
plowing.  No  more  jerking 
or  lame  backs.  Easier  on 
horses,  too.  Draft  is  actually 
less  because  all  weight  is  car¬ 
ried  on  wheels  instead  of  drag¬ 
ging  on  plow  bottoms.  Make 
straight  furrows,  lay 
them  nicer,  regulate 
depth  and  width.  Fit 
any  plow  beam,  steel  or 
wood.  1 0  Days  Free 
Trial.  Money  cheerfully 
refunded  if  not  satisfactory.  Free  cata¬ 
log  gives  all  information.  Write  for  it. 

L.  R.  LEWIS,  Box  F,  Cortland,  N.  Y. 


-Jh>. — -f-'Z 


Vi 

di 


irdu 


s wf** 


Save 

$5  to  $8  a  Ton  on  Feed 

Get  — put  your  cows  in  better  condition.  I  am 
More  ?oins  it— so  are  hundreds  of  others,  and  I  want 
ams/tf  to  proclaim  the  good  news  to  every  dairyman 
who  has  not  yet  tried  the  new 

SCHUMACHER 

FEEDING  PLAN 

Here  it  is:  Mix  Schumacher  Feed  to  the  amount  of  V3  to  %  your 

— ; -  ration  with  any  high  protein  concentrates  you  are  now 

feeding,  such  as  Gluten,  Oil  meal,  Cottonseed  meal,  Malt  sprouts.  Distil¬ 
lers  grains,  Blue  Ribbon  Dairy  Feed  or  other  high  protein  feed  and  you 
will  be  surprised  at  the  increase  in  flow,  the  improvement  in  condition 
of  your  cows  and  the  saving  in  cost  of  your  feed.  The  high  quality 
of  Schumacher  and  the  favorable  prices  of  grains  making  it  pos¬ 
sible  to  buy  Schumacher  at  about  the  cost  of  bran  saves  you  $5 
to  $8  a  ton.  Ask  your  dealer  for  it,  or  write  to  us. 

The  Quaker  Oats  Company 

Chicago,  I/.  S.  4. 


The  Quaker  Oats  Co., 

Gentlemen  :  —  During  the  past  few 
months,  I  have  been  feeding  my  dairy 
a  ration  composed  of  equal  parts  of 
Gluten  Feed  and  Distillers  Grains. 
About  two  weeks  ago  I  left  out  the  Dis¬ 
tillers  Grains  and  began  using  Schu¬ 
macher  Feed  in  its  place  and  feeding 
just  the  same  amount.  In  2  days  my 
dairy  has  gained  30  pounds  of  milk  per 


Gained 
30  lbs . 

from 
14  Cows 


day,  13  of  these  cows  have  been  milked 
since  last  March  and  April. 

The  most  important  point  in  this  test 
is  th©  tact  that,  while  Schumacher’s  cost 
me  $6.00  per  ton  less  than  the  Distillers 
Grains,  my  cows  actually  gained  in  milk 
by  feeding  it,  and  at  a  time  when  every 
dairyman  knows,  cows  that  have  been 
milked  so  long  usually  shrink  in  flow. 
J.  E.  MUKUAy,  Freedom,  N.  Y. 


piajnet 


The  greatest  labor-savers  and  time-savers  ever  invented  for  the  farm" 
^and  garden  !  A  Planet  Jr  does  the  work  of  3  to  6  men  ;  and  does] 
it  better.  Makes  you  independent  of  indifferent  help.  Made  by 
practical  farmer  who  knows  the  every-day  need  of  other  farm¬ 
ers-  Thirty-five  years’  experience.  Fully  guaranteed. 

[No!jQ  Planet  Jr  Combined  Seeder  and  Wheel-Hoe  saves  time,  labor, 

1  8C.„  n°ney;  Almo.s‘  tn  uflef,u!  Harden  implements  in  one.  Adjustable  in  aminute  J 
to  sow  all  garden  seeds,  hoe,  cultivate,  weed,  or  plow.  Pays  for  itself  quickly,  even 
in  small  gardens.  n  J  f 

I  No,  8  l  Planet  Jr  Horse-Hoe  and  Cultivator  will  do  more  ^  things 

1  in  more  ways  than  any  other  horse-hoe  made.  Plows  to  or  from  tho’ 

*  row.  A  splendid  furrower,  covercr,  hillcr,  and  horse-hoc;  and  un- 
equaled  as  a  cultivator. 

The  191 1  Planet  Jr  catalogue  is  free.  It  illustrates, 

and  describes  55  different  implements  for  the 
farm  and  garden. 

Write  for  it  today. 


Box 


S  I.  Allen  &  Co 

1107  V 


Philadelphia  Pa 


mm 


Monarch 


Hydraulic 

Cider  Press 


Great  strength  and  ca¬ 
pacity;  all  sizes:  also 
gasoline  engines, 
steam  engines, 
sawmills,  thresh- 
—  —  ers.  Catalog  free. 

Monarch  machinery  Co,.-  6<W  CorUandt  Bldfl..  New  Y01* 


COOK  YOUR  FEED  and  SAVE 
Half  the  Cost— with  the 

PROFIT  FARM  BOILER 


With  Dumping  Children.  Empties 
its  kettloin  one  minute.  The  simplest 
and  best  arrangement  for  cooking 
food  forstook.  Also  make  Dairy  and 
Laundry  Stoves,  Water  and 
Steam  Jacket  Kettles,  Hog; 
Scalders,  Caldrons.etc.J3f  Send 
for  particulars  and  ask  for  cir  :ula.-'  J 
D.  R.  SPERRY  &  UO..  Ba'  .via,  lit 


r;r':7i 


I  § 

>11 

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0.  *7  £ 

§1  !i 

>  «  if 

o  |  b 

fig 


5  » 

u 


fg 


The  One  Harrow 
Bargain  of  1911 

Proved  on  Thirty  Days  Free  Trial-No  Money  Down 

Cash  or  Credit— Long  Guarantee— and  Freight  Paid 

No  other  harrow  can  equal  this  original  tongueless  disc  for  quality. 

And  our  factory  price  makes  it  the  leader  in  value.  It’s  the  only 
genuine  tongueless  disc — all  others  are  weak  imitations  and  don’t 
save  your  time  or  horses  or  money.  We  let  you  prove  the  superi¬ 
ority  of  the  Detroit-American  on  our  real  free  trial— no  money  in 
advance,  no  deposit  and  we  pay  the  freight.  If  you  decide  to  keep 
the  machine  after  the  trial  send  money  or  pay  on  time.  Either 
way,  our  unlimited-time  guarantee  protects  you  forever.  Get  our 
book  and  price  before  you  take  a  step  towards  buying  any  harrow. 

Detroit-American  tondiuscesv  v  k“ 

Is  the  only  all  steel  tongueless  disc  made.  This  means  no  breakage,  not 
repairs  or  costly  delays  in  busy  season.  Read  about  its  light  draft,  strength, 
durability  and  efficiency.  Wide  tired  steel  wheels — high  arched  axle — flex¬ 
ible  pivol — uniform  cutting  steel  disc  sections  which  do  not  strike  together 
in  the  center.  End  thrust  taken  up  by  hard  maple  ring  bearings.  Steel 
separators  between  blades.  Pipe  oilers.  Long  blade  scrapers. 

Get  the  harrow  you  want— 16  sizes  cutting  from  4  to  10  feet  in  width, 
with  16.  18  or  20-inch  blades.  Cutaway  or  regular 
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everything  anybody  else  does  and  more.  A  better 
harrow— a  bed-rock  factory  price — a  real  free  trial — 
cash  or  credit — unlimited  time  guarantee  and  we  pay 
the  freight  Send  coupon  or  postal  right  now  for  best 
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Manure  Spreaders  and  Cultivators.  Address 

AMERICAN  HARROW  COMPANY  —  Hero'* 

1640  Hastings  Street  Detroit,  Michigan  the  Genuine -All 

(Warehouses  In  Many  Cities  Insure  Prompt  Delivery)  Others  Are  Weak  Imitations 


il 
:  * 
s  z 

I? 

-  3 

;  o 

•  o 

;  o 

•  z 

:  hi 

:  ia 


183 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 

At  one  time  in  December  I  told  you 
that  we  were  a  little  disappointed  with 
subscription  returns.  They  were  run¬ 
ning  just  a  little  ahead  of  last  year,  but 
not  in  proportion  to  the  increased  list 
for  this  year.  The  first  day  of  January 
gave  us  a  cheering  record,  being  the 
best  single  day’s  mail  ever  received. 
The  record  for  the  month  is  even  bet¬ 
ter.  The  increase  for  the  month  of 
January  was  22  per  cent  over  the  same 
month  last  year.  It  is  the  kind  of  in¬ 
dorsement  that  inspires  courage  in  the 
work,  and  we  want  to  thank  those  who 
send  this  expression  of  their  approval 
and  confidence. 

The  Woman’s  League  of  America  of 
Conesville,  Iowa,  have  had  a  woman  here 
for  two  nights  talking  to  the  people  about 
Lewis's  Chapter  House,  and  trying  to  get 
members.  I  didn’t  attend,  for  I  have  no 
time  for  Lewis  or  his  fake  games,  and  if 
more  people  read  The  R.  N.-Y.,  they 
wouldn't  have,  either.  B.  a.  h. 

Iowa. 

Lewis  would  never  have  been  able  to 
collect  all  the  money  he  got  from  coun¬ 
try  people  if  the  papers  had  told  the 
people  of  his  schemes.  If  these  women 
paid  by  Lewis  out  of  your  money  ask 
you  to  put  up  your  cash,  you  tell  them 
that  you  may  consider  it  after  Lewis 
has  paid  back  the  money  he  got  from 
poor  women  years  ago.  We  have  now 
nearly  $25,000  of  accounts  against  him 
that  we  would  like  to  get  for  our  sub¬ 
scribers. 

The  Moore  Seed  Company,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

This  is  a  good  time  to  remember  that 
this  concern  has  $8.80,  which  a  New 
York  State  farmer  sent  them  two  years 
ago  for  Alfalfa  seed,  under  a  guarantee 
of  purity  or  money  refunded.  The  De¬ 
partment  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  also 
Cornell  Agricultural  College  found  it 
badly  adulterated  with  weed  seeds.  It 
was  returned,  but  the  company  refused 
to  refund  the  money.  If  they  ask  your 
trade,  ask  them  for  an  explanation.  Help 
make  that  sort  of  trade  unpopular. 

Martin  Decker,  Public  Service  Commis¬ 
sioner,  after  hearing  in  Utica,  N.  Y.,  the 
complaint  of  J.  B.  &  H.  B.  Sykes,  publish¬ 
ers,  of  Clinton,  concerning  overcharges  on 
express  packages,  said  that  a  general  re¬ 
duction,  averaging  20  per  cent.,  would  be 
ordered  in  the  charges  for  carrying  all  ex¬ 
press  packages  under  100  pounds  weight. 
He  also  said  that  all  express  companies, 
whether  they  carriea  packages  entirely 
within  the  State  or  beyond,  must  agree  to 
convey  them  by  the  most  direct  route  to 
their  destinations,  and  that  a  uniform 
graded  rate  would  be  enforced  where  the 
packages  are  carried  by  twQ  or  more  com¬ 
panies.  The  complaint  arose  about  pack¬ 
ages  sent  from  Rochester  and  Buffalo  to 
Clinton.  Instead  of  being  sent  by  the  most 
direct  route  they  were  carried  long  dis¬ 
tances  around  in  order  to  be  kept  in  the 
hands  of  one  company.  One  package  went 
816  miles  to  cover  225  miles  and  was 
charged  for  accordingly,  while  the  delay 
was  several  days.  The  express  companies 
were  represented  by  counsel,  but  the  cases 
were  so  well  established  that  they  agreed 
that  the  changes  and  concessions  named 
should  be  made. 

The  above  is  from  a  local  paper.  It 
is  to  be  hoped  that  these  express  com¬ 
panies  will  come  under  control  sooner 
or  later.  They  sorely  try  the  patience 
of  shippers. 

Union  Central  Life  Insurance  Company, 
Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

The  stock  issue  of  this  company  has 
been  the  subject  of  criticism;  and  affairs 
of  the  company  would  warrant  inquiry 
of  your  State  Insurance  Superintendent 
before  making  investment. 

The  claim  for  the  case  of  eggs  which 
I  turned  over  to  you  for  collection  from 
Adams  Express  Co.  has  been  settled  by 
the  Express  Company  tracing  the  delivery 
to  the  wrong  party.  The  case  in  question 
was  shipped  to  Walker-Gordon  Laboratory, 
Bhadyside  Station,  I’lttsburg,  Pa.,  and  was 
delivered  to  W.  Nlelander.  Mr.  Nielander 
has  kindly  sent  his  check  for  the  eggs 
and  satisfied  the  claim.  I  had  access  to 
to  the  correspondence  of  the  officers  of 
the  Express  Company,  on  the  matter  and 
you  certainly  had  them  “going  some.”  I 
probably  would  never  have  located  the 
eggs  if  you  had  not  helped  out.  I  ap¬ 
preciate  this  service  and  am  enclosing 
stamps  to  pay  your  postage.  I  will  try 
to  compensate  you  by  helping  to  circu¬ 
late  the  farmers’  true  friend — The  Rubal 
New-Yorker.  With  best  wishes  truly 
yours.  J-  T-  c- 

The  R.  N.-Y.  is  glad  to  have  been 
able  to  assist  in  the  adjustment  of  a 
just  cause. 

The  George  G.  Clows  Company,  Phila¬ 
delphia,  Pa.,  has  finally  sent  me  check  for 
my  full  claim  of  $54.02  which  I  sent  you. 
I  could  get  no  settlement  from  them  be¬ 
fore  I  sent  you  this  claim.  They  did  not 
mention  The  R.  N.-Y.,  but  I  do  not  think 
they  wanted  their  methods  of  employing 
agents  shown  up.  I  thank  you  heartily 
for  serving  me.  w- 

New  York. 

The  contract  with  this  old  man  was 
that  he  should  work  for  $2  per  day; 
but  he  was  to  take  one-third  of  his  col¬ 
lections  and  of  sales,  and  send  them  the 
balance,  and  if  his  commission  did  not 


TTHLE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


February  11, 


amount  to  $2  per  day,  they  were  to  send 
him  a  check  for  the  balance.  He  also 
sent  them  $6.50  for  outfit  which  they 
promised  to  return.  But  when  he  de¬ 
manded  a  check  to  make  up  his  $2  per 
day,  they  refused  to  send  it.  He  says 
they  told  him  that  he  was  an  old  man, 
and  $1  a  day  was  enough.  It  is  an  old 
trick  of  commission  houses  to  make  a 
contract  that  looks  as  if  they  would  pay 
by  the  day,  as  the  certainty  attracts 
agents,  but  at  the  end  the  agent  finds 
he  has  been  working  on  commission  of 
sales.  You  can  be  sure  that  any  con¬ 
cern  which  puts  up  a  fake  contract  with 
an  agent,  will  put  up  fake  goods  for  his 
customers,  and  that  at  best  the  agent 
is  buying  an  opportunity  to  fleece  his 
neighbors. 

I  notice  In  your  Issue  of  December  SI 
an  Inquiry  from  Nelson,  N.  Y.,  about  tbe 
“Di  Nuovo  Brothers  Cheese  Co.”  A  fellow 
by  the  name  of  Tony  Di  Nuovo  and  Tony, 
Bennie  and  Morris  Spadafora  came  here 
and  bought  two  cheese  factories  one  year 
ago  last  Fall.  The  farmers  through  them 
sold  the  milk  to  the  Phoenix  Cheese  Co. 
last  Winter.  In  the  Spring  they  wanted 
to  make  up  the  milk  their  way.  but  the 
farmers  would  not  let  them  and  insisted 
that  they  make  up  the  choose  for  the  farm¬ 
ers  at  $1.15  per  100  pounds,  and  the  money 
for  the  cheese  was  to  be  deposited  in  the 
name  of  a  local  man  and  checked  out  to  the 
farmers  by  him.  The  Italians  did  a  good 
straight  deal  all  Summer.  Last  September 
they  wanted  to  buy  the  milk  right  out  and 
offered  the  farmers  within  five  cents  per 
100  pounds  as  much  as  the  Borden  Co.  paid 
at  Edmeston,  N.  Y.  This  seemed  to  appeal 
to  the  farmer,  and  with  fear  and  trembling 
the  farmers  agreed  to  let  them  have  the 
milk.  They  were  to  have  60  days’  milk 
and  then  pay  for  30  days.  The  farmers 
carried  the  60  days’  milk  and  on  the  first 
day  of  November  Tony  Spadafora  gave  out 
the  checks  for  30  days'  milk  and  in  about 
two  hours  after  he  started  for  the  trolley  at 
Sehuylers  Lake,  N.  Y.,  and  he  lias  not  been 
seen  since.  lie  gave  the  checks  out  on 
Monday  morning  and  we  found  out  they 
were  protested  Tuesday  P.  M.  Some  time 
last  April  these  fellows  got  incorporated 
under  the  name  of  Globe  Cheese  Co.,  but  the 
Johnson  factory  was  mortgaged  as  the  prop¬ 
erty  of  Morris  Spadafora,  also  the  Sponable 
factory.  They  took  out  of  this  little  settle¬ 
ment  of  farmers  about  $18,000,  and  it  makes 
very  hard  times  here.  Business  houses  are 
heavy  losers  also. 

An  Italian  by  the  name  of  Tony  DI 
Nuovo  is  making  up  the  whey  at  West 
Exeter,  N.  Y..  now.  He  is  buying  it  from 
the  Phoenix  Cheese  Co.  He  is  the  one  who 
was  with  the  Spadaforas  up  till  last  April, 
when  he  got  out  and  the  others  were  in¬ 
corporated.  D. 

Burlington  Flats,  N.  Y. 

Another  letter  from  the  same  place 
explains  further: 

The  company  here  was  made  up  of  three 
Di  Nuovo  brothers  and  three  Spadafora 
brothers.  The  I)i  Nuovos  have  been  doing 
business  at  Brookfield,  N.  Y.,  for  about  nine 
years  and  though  they  have  sometimes  been 
slow,  have  always  paid  the  farmers.  The 
Spadaforas  were  now  in  the  company.  The 
Di  Nuovos  now  claim  that  they  were  dis¬ 
satisfied  with  the  Spadaforas;  at  any  rate, 
they  dissolved,  the  I)i  Nuovos  continuing  at 
Brookfield  and  the  Spadaforas  taking  the 
two  plants  at  Burlington  Flats  and  form¬ 
ing  the  Globe  Cheese  Company,  incorporat¬ 
ing  under  New  York  State  laws.  H.  p. 

New  York. 

Milk  producers'  have  probably  fol¬ 
lowed  this  case,  and  will  now  quite 
clearly  understand  the  situation.  It 
seems  that  the  Di  Nuovo  Bros,  were  not 
connected  with  tbe  creamery  at  Burling¬ 
ton  Flats  when  it  failed.  But  we  have 
been  unable  to  find  any  rating  for  either 
of  them  that  would  justify  an  extension 
of  credit. 


On  December  13,  1009,  I  had  the  Crescent 
Candy  Co.,  112  South  Howard  St.,  Balti¬ 
more,  Md.,  ship  us  10  boxes  of  candy  for 
Christmas,  which  they  shipped  to  Romney 
all  right,  and  when  m,v  teamster  called  for 
it  the  agent  said  it  was  not  there.  I  had 
the  Candy  Co.  send  a  tracer  after  it  and 
he  wrote  them  that  he  sent  it  out  to  me 
on  December  15.  I  sent  a  dozen  times  for 
it,  and  every  time  he  would  tell  the  teamster 
that  it  had  not  come  yet.  So  on  May  13, 
1910,  a  neighbor  was  in  the  depot  hunting 
for  some  goods  that  the  agent  said  were 
not  there  and  in  moving  a  lot  of  old  casting 
found  our  candy.  The  candy  had  become 
stale  and  I  refused  to  accept  it.  The  cost 
of  the  candy  was  $6.  Do  you  think  you 
could  collect  it  for  me?  J.  c.  H. 

West  Virginia. 

We  collected  this  $6  and  sent  it  to  our 
friend  in  time  to  get  his  Christmas  candy 
for  1910,  just  a  year  late. 

I  am  just  In  receipt  of  check  for  $11.23 
from  J.  II.  Schneider  &  Co.,  of  New  York, 
in  settlement  of  claim  for  seven  crates 
berries  short  in  a  shipment  made  in  .Tune, 
1905.  But  for  you  I  would  have  lost  the 
whole  thing,  as  I  could  never  get  any 
satisfaction  out  of  them.  In  fact,  it  would 
be  mild  to  say  that  they  treated  me  with 
scant  courtesy,  as  their  letters  to  me  will 
prove.  I  am  exceedingly  obliged  to  you 
for  your  kindness  and  promptness  in  the 
matter.  -  w.  a.  b. 

North  Carolina. 

Five  years  does  seem  a  long  time  to 
wait  for  such  settlement,  but  a  claim 
does  not  become  outlawed  short  of  six 
years.  It  was  settled  in  five  months 
after  we  received  the  complaint.  The 
consignee  claimed  that  the  shipment 
was  never  received :  but  we  have  no 
record  to  show  whether  the  transporta¬ 
tion  company  settled  for  it  to  Schneider 
&  Co.  or  not.  We  are  satisfied  that  the 
farmer  got  his  cash  finally.  J.  J,  D. 


POULTRY 

TRUTHS 


After  all,  it’s  the  I 
TRUTH— the  plain  A,  .  . 
unvarnished  prac-  Jf/M.  f  , 
tical  facts  ■  about  gprfjefflf- 
poultry-raising,  that 

you  want,  not  theories  Nf  “ 

advanced  by  writers 
who  too  often  have  ”an  axe 
to  grind.” 

Mr.  S.  B.  Twining,  a  lead¬ 
ing  authority  on  practical 
poultry-raising  for  profit,  has 
written  a  valuable  book  that 
gives  readers  the  benefit  of  his 
life-long  experience — a  plain, 
honest  statement  of  facts. 

Every  phase  of  the  poultry  business  is 
covered  including  Capon  Culture. 

POULTRY  TRUTHS  is  being  sold 
on  its  merits— no  connection  with  any 
publication  or  advertising  scheme. 

You’lLfind  it  profitable  to  read 
this  book.  No  other  book  contains 
\  so  much  practical, reliable  advice. 

|  AA  PER  COPY 
I  lUV  POSTPAID 

Send  for  Your  Copy  Today. 

AFTON  FARMS.  Box  D-l, 

Yardley,  Pa. 


CHICKS  Baby  CHICKS 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORN  CHICKS  of  Standard  Quality. 

We  guarantee  chicks  to  be  hatched  from  eggs  laid 
by  our  own  breeders  and  shipped  only  when  day-old. 

We  Can  Please  You.  We  Will  Please  You. 

Mammoth  Hot  Water  Incubator  having  a  capa¬ 
city  of  10,200  eggs. 

.  .  Have  Your  Orders  Booked.  Circular  Free. 

SPRING  WATER  POULTRY  FARM,  Stockton.  New  Jersey. 

We  will  have  some 
promising  April 
hatched  Single  Comb 
White  Leghorn  Cock¬ 
erels  at  $2.00  and  $3.00 
each;  grand  early 


WHITE  LEGHORNS 

- AND - 

PEKIN  DUCKS 

hatched  Barred  Rock  Cockerels  sired  by  10  pound 
cocks  for  $3.00  and  $5.00  each.  Remember  our 
strain  of  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks,  Madison  Square  ' 
Garden  Blue  Ribbon  Winners,  is  second  to  none. 
Have  1,000  now  to  select  from.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  of  batching  eggs  in  any  quantity  or 
day-old  chicks  and  ducklings.  Also  Bronze  Turkeys 
and  their  eggs  for  sale.  Incubators  10,000  eggs  ca¬ 
pacity.  Cyphers  agents.  Correspondence  invited. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.  The  only  large  successful 
plant  in  the  vicinity  of  Now  York  City.  Bonnie 
Brae  Poultry  Farm,  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 

RICHLAND  FARMS,  Frederick,  Md. 

Breeders  and  Exhibitors  of 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS, 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS, 

S.  C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS. 

WINNINGS— Madison  Square  Garden,  N.Y.,  1910 — 

4th  Pen-S.  C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS. 

5th  Pen-WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS. 

Baltimore,  Md.,  1911— 

1st  Pen— 2d  PULLET  and  5th  COCKEREL 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS  (three  entries). 

We  are  now  booking  orders  for 
HATCHING  EGGS  and  DAY-OLD  CHICKS. 

We  have  for  sale  at  moderate  prices  the  best  lot 
of  breeding  Cockerels  that  we  have  ever  offered. 

MT.  PLEASANT  FARM 

A  breeding  establishment  of  250  acres, 
devoted  to  developing  the  best 

S.  O.  W.  TiEGHOrLKTS 

Fine  Breeding  Cockerels  at  reasonable  prices. 

MT.  PLEASANT  FARM,  Box  Y,  HAVRE  0E  GRACE,  Maryland. 

LAKEHILL  farm 

W.  H.  THACHKR. 

Single  and  Rose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W  P.  Books 
and  Imp.  Pekin  Ducks.  Cockerels  and  Ducks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  in  any  quantity  from  $2  up. 
Chicks.  $15  per  100.  Ducklings,  $25  pqy  100-  Write 
for  special  prices  in  large  lots.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  ot  hatching  eggs  and  day  old  chicks 
and  ducklings.  Safe  delivery  guaranteed.  Satis¬ 
faction.  CAUL  W.  LLOYD,  Mgr,,  HILLSIDE, 
Westchester  County.  N.  Y. 

Kirkup’s  U tility  Strain  S.C.  White  Leghorns 

Bred  for  vigor,  size  and  large  white  market  eggs. 
Eggs  and  Baby  Chicks  for  sale.  Custom  hatching  a 
specialty.  Semi  for  circular.  Kirkup  Bros.,  Mattituck.L.I. 

Baby  Cbioks  10c  EacbiJs 

horn,  (’an  furnish  in  any  number  I  am  booking 
orders  for  early  deliveries.  Circular  free.  CHAS.  R. 
STONE,  Baby  Chicken  Farm,  Staatsburg-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS— Quality 
Kind,  Famous  Lakewood  Strain,  Young  and  old 
stock  for  sale;  Hatching  eggs  for  early  delivery. 
SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington,  New  Jersey. 


Eggs  For  Hatching-!',,;,',,;. 

Indian  Runner  Ducks,  High-class  stock- 
utility,  show  or  export  SINCLAIR  SMITH,  002 
Fifth  Street.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Davis  S.  C,  Reds  BS- 


COCKERELS 


$3  and  $5  each.  EGGS  FOR  HATCHING. 
BABY  CHICKS — $15  and  $20  per  1 00  after  March  1. 

BOOK  ORDERS  NOW.  Davis  Poultry  Farm,  Berlin,  Mass. 

varieties, 
ataiogue. 


CXCORNELL 


GASOLINE 

BROODER  HEATER 

Equal  to  fourKetosene  Heaters 

Cares  for  200  chicks. 

Needs  little  attention. 

No  lamps  to  trim. 

No  ashes,  no  dirt,  no  soot. 
Absolutely  safe. 

Perfectly  Ventilated. 


PRICE  COMPLETE 


CAPACITY 

200 

CHICKS 


Recommended  by  The  New  York  State 
College  o"f  Agriculture. 

....  Send  for  Free  Catalog  .  .  . 

TREMAN,  KING  &  CO., 

Dept.  M,  ITHACA,  NEW  YORK. 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  POULTRY  HOUSE  APPLIANCES. 


“Hatching  Facts”  Free 

Your  address  on  a  postal  brings  la¬ 
test  edition  of  “Hatching  Facts  ”  ft 
tells  how  to  start  right  at  least  ex¬ 
pense;  how  Belle  City  won  World’ a 
Championship  last  season.  Write  to¬ 
day,  but  if  in  a  hurry  order  direct  from 
J.  V.  Rohan.  Pres.  Belle  City  Incubator  Co • 


this  ad. 


.53  Buys  Best 
140-Egg  Incubator 


Doublecases  all  over  ;best  copper 
tank;  nursery,  self-regulating. 
Best  140-chick  hot-water  broodor, 
$4.85.  Both  ordered  together, 

$11.50.  Freight  prepaid  (E.  of 
Rockies). 

No  machines 
at  any  price 
are  better.  Satisfaction  guar¬ 
anteed.  Write  for  book  today 
or  send  pricenow  and  save  time. 

Bell*  City  Incubator  Company,  Box  48 


Racine,  WisconSD 


1  CC  Egg  Incubator  $  1  1  25 
Chick  Brooder  A  -■- 


A*"*’  Chick  Brooder  A 
FREIGHT  PREPAID  (East  of  Rockies) 


The  Progressive  has  cold  rolled  copper 
tank,  hot  water  heat,  double  disc  regulator, 
self  ventilating,  deep  nursery,  high  legs, 
double  doors,  safety  lamp.  It  Is  made  from 
Special  Heat  and  Cold  Resisting  Material 
with  hundreds  of  dead  air  cells.  Write  today. 

PROGRESSIVE  INCUBATOR  CO.,  Box  145  Racine,  WIs. 

G.  C.  WHEELER,  Manager. 


125  Egg  Incubator  $10 


and  Brooder  Bo£r 

I  If  ordered  together  we  send 
kboth  for  SIO.  Freight 
1  paid  east  of  Rockies.  Hot 
water,  copper  tanks,  double  walls, 
double  glass  doors.  Free  catalo, 
describes  them.  Send  for  it  today 

Wisconsin  Incubator  Co., 

Box  118,  r  Racine,  Wis. 


Quality  Higher-Price  Lower 

*  - — - — — We  beat  them  all  again.  Get 

our  DIRECT-TO-YOU  prop¬ 
osition,  low  prices,  and  IUG 

SUCCESSFUL 

Inoubatora  and  Brooders  before  you  buy 
anywhere  this  year — the  greatest  value 
ever  offered.  Catalog  FREE— send  name. 

If  you  want  a  book  on  “Proper  Care  of 
Cbioks,  T'“  ■'*“  — ”  — jja  — 


jTrled  and  Proven 
for  17  Years 
Dob  Moines  Incubator  Co. 


I,  Ducks,  Turkeys”— send  10  cents. 
00  Second  St.,  Des  Moines,  la. 


MAKE  HENS  LAYH 


THOROUGH  BRED  POULTRY-Best  twenty  v 
A  Good  stock.  Eggs,  15,  $1;  40,  $2.  Ca 
H.  Iv.  MOHR,  Qtiakertown,  Pa..  Route  3. 

LARGE  TOULOUSE  GEESE,  White  Wyandotte  Cockerels 
and  White  P.  Rock  Hens  and  Cockerels  for  sale. 
Prices  low  for  quality.  E.  Schieber ,  R.  2,  Bucyrus,  Ohio, 

Pure  Bred  Bronze  Turkeys 

From  l>rize-winning  Strains.  Stamp. 

MRS.  HARRIET  CHUMBLEY,  Draper,  Va. 


fl  more  eggs;  larger,  more  vigorous  chicks; 

heavier  fowls,  by  feeding  cut  bone. 

M  a  uiDC  latest  model 
I  MANN  O  bone  cutter 

I  cuts  fast,  easy,  fine;  never  clogs. 

1 10  Days’  Free  Trial.  No  money  in  advance.  Book  free. 

IkF.W.MANN  CO.,  Box  It,  MILFORD,  MASS.  ■ 


FOODS 


are  demanded  and  used  by  successful 
poultrymen  everywhere  because  our 
goods  are  reliable.  Every  ounce  of  grain  is 
clean  and  nourishing.  Lowest  prices.  Full 
weight.  Prompt  shipments.  Satisfaction 
guaranteed.  Send  today  for  Booklet  and 
FREE  Souvenir.  Don’t  delay. 

TAYLOR  BROS.,  10  Market  Street,  CAMDEN,  N.  J. 


it 

itDEN,  N.  J. 

GRIT 


M  AKA-SHEL  SOLUBLE 

Bright,  sharp,  shining, 
a k e s  bone  and 
Increases  Egg- 
Production  when  | 

Eggs  are  high. 

Ask  your  dealer,  or  send  us  §1.00  for  two 
100-lb.  bags  f.  o.  b.  cars.  Booklet  free 

EDCE  HILL  SILICA  ROCK  CO., 

Box  J.  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 


Now  Ready — Free  To  You 
Cyphers  Big  Poultry  Book 


riDuiduic  ruuiiiy  i\aJMU^  icnh  dll  dUUUi  AlucriCd  S  Dliiion  QOlIctr  lDGUStry, 

Written  by  practical  men  for  practical  people,  212  pages  illustrated,  helpful 
facts— money-making  suggestions.  Tells  how  to  get  hatches  of  90%  or 
more.  Interesting,  profitable  reading.  Sent  to  you  free  by  the  makers  of 

loal  CH  INCUBATORS  the  non-moisture, 

^  1  1  W  and  BROODERS  self  ventl  lat  i  ng, 

self-regulating,  fireproof,  insurable,  guaranteed  hatchers.  Address  our  place  of  business  nearest  you* 

Cyphers  Incubator  Company,  Dept.  30,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

New  York  City,  Chicago,  Ill.,  Boston,  Mass.,  Kansas  City,  Mo..  Oakland,  Cal.  2000  Selling  Agents. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


183 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  February  11,  1911 
FARM  TOPICS. 

The  Cost  of  a  Crop .  154 

The  Farmer’s  Share .  158 

Ground  Bone  Top  Dressing .  158 

Enthusiastic  Over  Alfalfa .  159 

Cow  Peas  for  Hay .  162 

Profits  in  Canning  .  162 

Lime  or  Limestone,  Which? .  163 

Lime  on  Meadow  .  164 

Changing  a  Pensylvania  Rotation ....  165 

Hope  Farm  Notes .  166 

Good  Farming  at  the  South .  175 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

The  Willow  Wall  Poultry  Farm..  153. 

Hens  That  Lav  . 

Rape  for  Hen  Pasture . 

Raising  Turkeys  in  Close  Quarters. . . . 

Selecting  the  Laving  Hens . 

An  Orchard  for  Ilog  Pasture . 

Parasites  in  Horses.  .  . . 

Weaning  Foal  . . 

Paralysis  . . 

Thriftless  Pig  . . 

Arguments  for  the  Guernsey  Cow.  173, 

The  West  Virginia  Poultry  Plant . 

Milk . . . 

Selecting  Breeding  Stock  !!!!!!!!!!!! 

A  Village  Flock  . . 

A  Connecticut  Butter  Ration..!!!!!! 

Grain  With  Cornstalks . 

Balancing  the  Feed . 

Frozen  Turnips  for  Stock.. . 

Cornstalks  for  Horses . 

Sunflowers  in  the  Silo . 

Feeding  Collies  . . 

Lice  on  Sow  . .  .  .  .  . 

That  Virginia  Hen  Man . !!!!!! 

Stock  Food  in  Florida . 

Lice  on  Heifer . 


HORTICULTURE. 

The  Mulgoba  Mango . 

What  About  Pedigreed  Trees? . 

Annual  Bearing  of  Apple  Trees . 

Hen  Manure  on  Fruit . 

Use  of  Coal  Ashes . 

Pecan  Trees  in  the  North . 

Making  and  Using  Lime-Sulphur ..  160, 

Duration  of  Strawberries . 

A  “Restorer”  for  Fruit  Trees . 

An  Improved  Black  Walnut . 

About  the  Salvia  . 

Culture  of  the  Mango . 

Cheap  Plan  for  Starting  Trees . 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day . . . 

Care  of  Soapstone  Griddles . 

Popovers  Too  Moist . 

Cream  Corn  Bread . . . 

Doughnuts . 

The  Rural  Patterns  . ! . ! ! 

Experience  With  Zinc . 

The  Bookshelf  . 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

Guaranteed  Machinery  . 

Woman’s  Rights  in  Property.. 

Rights  in  Water  Vein . 

Farm.  Tenancy  . 

Repairs  to  Private  Road.... 

Right  of  Way . 

Buying  Mortgaged  Farm..... 
Business  and  Speculation.  .  . . 

Paraguay  Tea  . 

A  Word  for  The  R.  N.-Y . 

Editorials . 

Other  People’s  Money........ 

Whitewood  for  Building . 

Notes  on  Parcels  Post . 

Products.  Prices  and  Trade... 
Publisher’s  Desk  . 


154 

155 

155 

156 
156 
156 
161 
161 
162 
163 
165 
167 
175 


170 

170 

170 

170 

170 

171 
171 
171 


155 

159 

159 

159 

159 

159 

159 

159 

161 

161 

168 

169 

175 

181 

181 

182 


GKAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1.  Northern  Spring . 1.17  ffi  ... 

No-  2.  Red .  . 99  ®  ... 

No.  1  Macaroni .  1.03  ®  ... 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 50  ®  53 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 35  @  .38 

,{ye . 80  @  .84 

MILL  FEED 

Spring  Bran,  ton .  26  00  ®  27  00 

Standard  Middlings .  25>5  ®  28!o() 

Red  Dog  .  28.00  @  29.00 

Hominy  Chop .  22.50  ®  23.50 

Linseed  Meal .  35.00  @  36.00 

Corn  Meal . 24.OO  ®  26.00 

WOOL 

EJ-eeces,  Delaine. unwashed..  26  ®  .27 

Ohio  Fine  Delaine,  unwashed .  25  27 

Idaho  Wools.  .  jg  r<s  ;]8j^ 

Wyoming  Wools . .  @  og 

Montana  Wools . .  ®  ’22 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  14.85 

Middling  Gulf .  15.10 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  14.40 

Good  Middling .  15*25 


After  years  of  poultry  experience,  I  find 
that  the  two  most  important  factors  in  suc¬ 
cessful  Winter  egg  production  are  six  square 
««  of  floor  space  and  plenty  of  straw,  with 
halt  the  feed  usually  given.  This  spells 
eggs,  provided  all  the  other  needs  are  at¬ 
tended  to.  I  consider  the  straw  of  wheat 
equal  in  value  to  the  grain  for  poultry. 
Connecticut.  l.  l. 

We  are  having  a  general  break-up  in 
the  weather.  Rains  for  10  days,  snow  all 
gone;  mild  weather,  plenty  of  water  in 
wells.  Wheat  looking  good,  all  stock  winter¬ 
ing  well  Ice  about  all  stored  away.  Stock 
selling  high ;  wheat,  90  cents ;  oats,  38 
cents ;  corn,  50  cents ;  rye,  70  cents,  po¬ 
tatoes,  oO  cents.  Eggs,  32  cents ;  butter, 
-8  cents ;  chickens,  10  cents ;  lard,  13  cents  • 
nani,  16  cents,  onions,  50  cents,  d.  d  s 
Snyder  Co.,  Pa. 

‘  '  •’  A  •  | 

n  alON7nC?ie-«  Hen  Law.— In  The  R.  N.-Y., 
page  (0,  i  notice  communication  in  regard 
to  hens.  You  are  in  error  in  saying  there 

lives’  £merdy  for.  Winter  damage  if  inquirer 
™  +•  ?  Connecticut.  See.  1225  of  Con- 

of  sivmn  dni7Scd  Statutes  provides  a  fine 
tresnlao  d?llars  a,nd  also  a  civil  suit  for 
that  it  TO^Ii^aiV’  however,  of  the  opinion 
to  *fo  h  d  be-  b,JttP’’  for  aU  concerned 
f  18  s,uch  a  statute.  Bear 

neighbors  T  1Si  good  rule  t0  have  S°0(3 

i  1  have  never  known  a  case 

v lieie  there  was  but  one  party  to  a  quarrel 

easeK'ofmtbieth^re,  W,1L  be  a  ^prisaT  in  a 
tw  !,mth  and  a  flharrel  will  start 

that  will  not  be  gotten  over  in  a  hurry.  \ 

wmd  All  tbe  7est(-  ''emedy ;  one  which 
'MU  not  kill,  merely  frighten.  e.  a.  c. 


PUNT  AHD  FERTILIZE 

AT  ONE  TRIP 


154 

161 

164 

164 

165 
172 
172 
172 
172 
172 
174 

174 

175 

176 
176 
178 
178 
178 

178 

179 
179 
179 

179 

180 
ISO 
181 


Eclipse  Corn  Planter 

and  Fertilizer  Distributer 

Improved  row  marker.  Wide  range  for  hill 
spacing,  6  to  45  inches.  Handles  any  kind  of  fer¬ 
tilizer,  In  any  condition,  50  to  450  lbs.  per  acre. 
W  e  make  a  special  gear  which  sows  600  lbs.  per 
acre.  Plants  all  seeds  accurately.  Light  draft, 
easily  handled  quick  and  positive  adjustments. 
We  also  make  the 

Eclipse  Two-Horse  Two-Row  Planter 

Write  us. 

Belcher  A  Taylor  A.  T.  Co. 

Box  75,  Chicopee  Falls,  Mass. 


Shoe  Boils,  Capped  I 
Hock,  Bursitis 

are  hard  to  cure,  yet 


AgSORBlNE 


will  remove  them  and  leave  no  blem-' 
isb.  Does  not  blister  or  remove 
the  hair.  Cures  any  puff  or  swelling.  Horse  ean 
be  worked.  $2.00  per  bottle, delivered.Book  6  D  free. 

ABSORBINE,  <71i>,  (mankind,  $1.00  bottle.) 
For  Boils,  Bruises,  Old  Sores,  Swellings.  Goitre, 
Varicose  Veins,  Varicositios.  Allays  Pain. 

W.  F.  YOUNG,  P.  D.  F.,  88  Temple  St.,  Springfield,  Mass. 


PRINT 


sent  prepaid  for 
count  to  the  trade 


iFOR  YOURSELF 

Cards,  c  rculars,  hook,  newspaper.  Press  $5, 
&>>  Larger  »18.  Rotary  |60.  Savemoney.  Prlntfor 
PF  others,  big  profit.  All  easy,  rules  sent.  Write 
factory  for  press  catalog,  TYPE,  cards,  paper. 
THE  PRESS  CO.,  Meriden,  Connecticut 

lO  For  lO  Cents 

Nickel-Plated  Push-Pin  Hanger.  Made  of 

tempered  steel  in  one  piece.  Nothing 
to  lose,  bend  or  break.  Push  in  wood 
or  plaster  wail  with  thumb  or  tap  with 
small  hammer.  Will  sustain  a  weight 
of  25  pounds.  For  the  Home,  Office  or 
Factory,  also  for  Schools  and  Hotels, 
■=  -  where  the  unsightly  nail  is  prohibited. 
t  For  sale  at  Hardware.  Stationery  and 
Photo-Supply  Stores.  Sample  box  of  10 
10  Cents.  Patent  Pending.  Liberal  dls- 
Saleanien  Wanted. 


NiaguruMctnlwareMaiiiifaeturlngCo.,  BuffaloN-Y 
-  . 

MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1844 

R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  GO.,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 

INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS— Heavy  laying  strain— $5.00 
I  per  trio.  GEO.  BOWDISH,  Esperanee,  N.  Y. 

GRAY  African  and  Mammoth  Buff  Geese  Eoos  from  Exhi¬ 
bition  stock.  $4  for  9,  or  from  utility  stock,  $3 
for  9.  Zella  Wilson,  162  S.  7th  St.,  Zanesville,  O. 

WHITE  WYAND0TTES  and  Indian  "Genuine  Fawn”  Runner 
Ducks.  Grand  Win  and  Lay  Strains.  Stock  and 
Eggs  at  honest  prices.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Write  OWNLAND  FARM.  Box  497,  South  Hammond.  N.  Y. 

S.  C.  WHITE 
LEGHORNS 

Write  for  Prices  on  Eggs  for 
Hatching  and  Birds  for  Breeders 

WILLOW  WALL  POULTRY  FARM 

OLD  FIELDS,  WEST  VIRGINIA 

FOR  SALE— Jewel  Hengerveld  Butler  Boy— Born  Oct.  8, 
1938.  Sire,  Leah  Pauline  De  Kol  Butter  Boy. 
Dam,  Jewel  Hengerveld  De  Kol  2d.  He  is  O.  K. 
every  way.  Must  sell— am  overstocked. 
_ MYRON  J,  PULIS,  Warwick,  N.  Y. 

Boston  Produce  Go. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments. Solicited 


93-95  South  Market  St., 


Boston. 


pi. K ASK  send  a  trial  shipmentto  the  Oldest  Com- 
1  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter, 
Eggs.  Poultry.  Pork,  Calves,  Hay.  Grain,  Beans, 
Apples,  etc.  E.  It.  WOOIMVAKP,  302  Greenwich  St.,  N.Y 

JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  COMPANY, 

Commission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York, 
Poultry,  Kggs,  Meats,  Produce.  Shipments  Solicited. 

Hothouse  Lambs,  Poultry,  Calves,  Fancy  Eggs 

Ship  to  W.  H.  COHEN  8  CO.,  229  Washington  St.,  New  York. 

RAW  FURS  WANTED. 

Ship  your  raw  furs  to  us.  We  are  manu¬ 
facturers  and  can  pay  highest  prices. 

„„  ™  LICHTENSTEIN  BROS. 

330  Flatbush  Avenue,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Established  1 899  ' 

Reference— Any  Mercantile  Agency  or  Bank. 

>>  rite  tor  our  New  Price  List. 


Darling  SBeahan  5 

Northern  grovin  Seeds 


Seeds 

Buy  Northern  Grown  field, 
garden  and  flower  seeds  and 
double  your  crops.  Our 
new,  rich  land  free  from  all 
disease  with  a  cool  invigor¬ 
ating  climate  produces  seed 
which  cannot  be  excelled  for 
vitality,  hardiness  and  great 
fertility.  We  supply  largest 
growers  everywhere  with 
pedigreed  seed  potatoes, 
beans  and  peas  that  pro-  J 
duce  big  money-making 
crops.  Get  our  Free . 
1911  Catalog  of  Hardy 


I  Northern  Grown  field,  garden  and  flower 
I  seeds— positively  thp  most  complete  and 
I  valuable  list  of  thoroughbred  seeds 
I  ever  offered.  See  our  prices  before 
you  buy.  Write  DARLING  &  RKAIIAN 
]  472  Michigan  St.,  I'etoskey,  Mich. 


00D SEEDS 


THE  LATEST  IN  MUSIC 

Write  forour  big  illustrated  cata¬ 
logue  containing  latest  song  hits 
and  instrumental  numbers.  We 
are  the  largest  publishers  of 
popular  music  in  the  world. 
Mail  orders  filled  if  your  dealer 
can't  supply  you.  This  cata¬ 
logue  is  free.  We  want  you 
to  have  It. 

JEROME  H.  REMICK  &  CO. 

46  Farrar  Street,  Detroit,  Mich. 

L-t  ^  J ^ 

OATS 


SEED  OATS 


OATS 


alog  free. 


PAPER  POTS 

P.  B 


■Three-inch,  $1.25  a  1 ,000, 
four-inch,  $1 .75  a  1,000, 
CROSBY  &  SON,  Cat.onsviile,  lid, 


N.  WERTHEIMER  &  SON 

Choice  seeds  bought  direct  from  the  farmer  and  sold 
direct  to  the  farmer.  We  offer  you  the  choicest 
seeds,  doubly  recleaned,  Medium  ami  Mammoth 
Clover  Seed,  Alsike,  Alfalfa.  Timothy,  Crimson 
Clover,  White  Clover,  Red  Top,  Orchard  Grass, 
Blue  Grass,  Lawn  Grass,  all  kinds  of  Corn,  Spring 
and  Winter  Wheat,  Bnckwheat,  all  kinds  of  Peas. 
Samples  and  prices  sent  on  application.  »  *  * 

N.  WERTHEIMER  S  SON  -:-  LIG0NIER,  INDIANA 

I  SEI.I,  FARMS  IN  OCEANA,  thebeRtCo.  in  theU.R.  Fruit, grain 
I  amt  stock.  Write  for  list.  J.  D.  S.  HANSON,  Hart,  Mich. 


F 


OR  SALE — Farm  of  80  acres  with  good  land  and 
buildings.  SHERM  SEARLES,  Groton,  N.  Y. 


rnnri  FfiTITK  ioT  sa'e  afc  low  prices  in  nearly  all 
UUUU  1  til  lllo  parts  of  New  York  State.  Cata¬ 
logue  free  to  parties  intending  to  buy. 

NORTHERN  REALTY  CO..  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


A  BEAUTIFUL  FARM  FOR  SALE  in  the  finest  fruit 
growing  and  trucking  section  in  the  world; 
fertile  soil  and  fine  climate:  also  a  beautiful  water 
front  farm  with  timber.  For  full  particulars  ad¬ 
dress  SAMUEL  P.  WOODCOCK,  Salisbury, 
Wicomico  County,  Maryland. 


Acres — 
line 


EOT?  QAT  "p~ Two  Hundred  Ten 

A  GZILL,  fonrteen-room  house  ...  _ 

condition;  basement  barns,  30  by  80  and  30  by  36 
wagon  house,  silo,  hog  house,  fine  orchard.  The 
price  includes  a  five-passenger  automobile,  22  cows, 
one  bull,  two  horses,  two  brood  sows,  binder, 
mower,  rake,  wagons,  three-horse  manure  spreader, 
grain  drill,  harrows,  plows;  plenty  of  other  tools. 
All  to  a  quick  buyer  for  $7,000— $4,500  cash,  balance 
mortgage.  HALL’S  FARM  AGENCY,  Owego, 
Tioga  .County,  New  York. 

WANTED — Second  Man  to  work  in  cemetery:  good  wages, house 
and  garden;  permanent  job.  O.  II.  Paden, Supt.,  Hastings,  Neb. 

to  care  for  herd  of  Holstein 
cattle.  Must  be  good 
milker  and  careful  feeder.  German  or  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  German  preferred.  Give  particulars,  with 
age  and  experience,  in  first  letter.  Location  New 
Jersey.  “SINGLE,”  care  Rural  New-Yorker. 


Single  Man  Wanted 


WANTFTV~A  l)artner  10  Ltke  half  interest 

*T  A*-1'  A  LD  jn  an<i  manage  a  fifty-acre  fruit 
and  truck  farm  near  Glens  Falls,  N.  Y.  Address 
“RODGERS,”  care  Rural  New-Yorker. 

WANTF1Y~A  single  man  of  good  habits, 
***’  *  LD  March  1st,  to  drive  team  and 
make  himself  generally  useful.  Also,  I  have  a 
farm  at  Danbury,  Conn.,  of  seventy-four  acres— 
good  buildings— to  rent  for  a  term  of  three  years. 
A.  K.  HEATH,  Mt.  Kisco,  N,  Y. 

WANTED— FARM  about  300  acres,  level.  No  stones. 

Within  5  miles  R.  R.  station;  near  school  and 
creamery.  House  at  least  12  large  rooms;  barn  for 
40  cows;  stables,  silo,  outbuildings  in  good  repair; 
ample  water;  good  fences;  timber  25  acres.  Maxi¬ 
mum  price  $6,000;  one-third  cash;  balance  long  term 
5$.  Write  in  detail.  R.  R.  Peebles,  Glenbrook,  Conn. 

White  Holland  T urkeys 

and  Dnston’s  White  Wyandotte  Chickens.  Walnut 
Hill  Stock  Farm,  N.  Bacon,  Mgr.,  Talcott,  W.  Va. 


PRICES  BELOW  ALL  OTHERS 

I  give  a  lot  of  new  sorts  for 
trial  with  every  order  I  fill. 
JjA  Grand  Big  Catalog  Ell  EE 
^Illustrated  with  over  rUCC 
^700  engravings  of  vegetables 
and  flowers.  Send  yours  and 
_  IKw^r'your  neighbors’  addresses. 

R.  H.  SHUMWAY,  Rockford,  Illinois 


NEW  SEED  OATS.  Blgmoney 

in  right  kind  ol  oats.  Here’l 
your  chance.  I  mported  Canadian 
seed  oats,  raised  on  Galloway 
Brothers’  big  farm  in  Canada. 
New,  clean  iand.  Regenerated 
Swedish  Select  went  116  bushels 
to  acre;  Early  New  Market  110  bushels  to  acre.  Farmers  who 
bought  this  seed  from  us  last  year  raised  as  high  as  75  to  100 
bushels  in  this  country,  and  found  out  their  old  seed  was  inbred 
and  run  out.  Change  your  seed.  Try  some  of  this  new  seed, 
bend  for  free  sample,  or  10  cents  for  large  packet.  VVillalsosend 
our  free  booklet,  entitled  “Big  Money  in  Oats  and  How  to  Grow 
Them.”  Galloway  Bros.-Bowman  Company 
662  Galloway  Station  Waterloo,  Iowa 


New  Victory  or  Rainy  Weather 
Oats,  extra  heavy  yielders,  storm 
resisting,  and  best  for  low  bottom  land.  Price  75c; 
sack  free.  Cow  Horn  Turnip,  25c  per  pound. 
SIEGKL  the  SEEDSMAN,  ERIE,  PA. 


Read’s  Green  Mountain  Won¬ 
derful  new  variety.  Yields 
130  bus.  to  acre.  Absolutely  rustproof.  Outyielded 
Swedish  Select  in  five-year  test.  Circular  free. 

G.  A.  READ,  Read's  Experiment  Farms,  Charlotte, Wt. 


THAT  YIELD.  Our  Sensation  Oats 
breaks  all  records.  Nothing  like  it. 
Also  SEED  CORN.  Samples  and  cat- 
THF.O.  BURT  &  SONS,  MELROSE,  OHIO, 


An  Incubator 
Really  Different 


in  tnat  the  complete  Incubator  is  j25  Chick 
metal  covered,  insuring  bigger  U 
hatches,  making  even  tempera-  $O.UU 
ture  more  certain.  That’s  why  Freight  Prepaid 
you’ll  find  it  economical,  safe,  pleasant,  easy  to  run  a 

NATIONAL  INCUBATOR 

Has  copper  water-tank,  double  case,  nursery,  auto¬ 
matic  regulator.  $8.00,  Brooder  $4.00,  both  together 
$10.00.  Freight  prepaid  east  of  Rockies.  We’ve 
described  this  machine  and  how  to  be  successful 
with  poultry  in  a 
FREE  BOOK 

entitled  “1911  Notes  on 
Poultry  Raising”  Send  for  it. 1 

National  Incubator  Co.  „ 

106  18th  St.  Racine,  Wi». 


Greider’s  Fine  Catalogue 

of  pure  bred  poultry,  for  1911,  over  200 
pages,  57  colored  pictures  of  fowls,  calen- 
darfor  each  month,  illustrations,  descrip¬ 
tions,  photos,  incubators,  brooders,  and 
all  details  concerning  the  business,  where 
and  how  to  buy  fine  poultry,  eggs  for 
hatching,  supplies,  etc.,  at  lowest  cost. 
Send  15c.  B.  H.  Sreider,  Box  58 ,  Rheems.  P*. 


Farmers  and  Poultrymen. 

You  must  not  blame  us  if  occasionally  our  en¬ 
thusiasm  bubbles  over  when  speaking  of  our  cus¬ 
tom  batching  department  as  carried  on  by  our 
experts  in  our  mammoth  hot  water  incubator. 
Results  are  showing  people  all  over  the  country 
that  we  know  our  business  by  saving  them  time, 
worry  and  money,  and  giving  them  stronger  chicks 
than  the  old  lien  or  kerosene  oil  fume  incubators 
ever  did.  You  send  us  the  eggs— Vye’lLdo  tlio  rest- 
do  it  right  and  send  you  the  chicks.  Write  for  in¬ 
formation  and  prices,  anyway.  ■ 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM,  Millerton,  N  Y. 

GIANT  BRONZE  STOSSWC 

Eggs,  $1.00  per  15;  Indian  Runner  Duck  Eggs.  $1.00 
per  10.  SHROPSHIRE  SHEEP. 

H.  J.  VAN  DYKE,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

EMPIRE  STATE  S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Winners  at  N.  Y.  State  Fair.  Heavy  layers:  trios, 
$5.  Eggs  for  hatching,  $1  for  15,  $5  for  100.  Cata¬ 
logue  free.  C.  H.  ZIMMER,  Wekdspokt,  N.  Y. 

Van  Alstyne’s  Rhode  Island  Reds 

100  S.  C.  Yearling  Hens,  at  $2.00  each. 

50  S.  C.  surplus  Pullets  at  $2.50  each. 

10  Utility  Cockerels  at  $3.00  eabh. 

JAS.  E.  VAN  ALSTYNK,  Kihderhook,  N.Y. 

WILD  AND  BRONZE  TURKEY  EGGS-Chicken  Eggs.  Hand- 

■  —  — L-*  —  sonie  Catalog  2  c.t. 

stamp,  showing  pure  wild  gobbler  from  the  moun¬ 
tain.  VALLEY  VIEW  POULTRY  FARM,  Belleville,  Pa. 


S.  Comb,  Tompkin’s 
Strain.  7  pullets  and 


Rhode  Island  Reds 

cock,  $10,  CL0VERN00K  STOCK  FARM,  Chainbersburg ,  Pa! 

S.C.  RHODE  ISLAND  REDS  f§jji  MS’: 

“  !■»"'»»  f»™  pit.., 

WM.  R.  BURKHOLDER,  Box  152,  R.  5,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

COLUMBIAN  WYAN00TTES — Beauty  &  utility  combined. 
Splendid,  vigorous  Cockerels  and  Pens  mated.  Ad- 
dress  Halph  Woodward,  Box  28,  Grafton.  Mass. 

S.  0.  White  ‘SS‘% 

hatching  ready.  All  from  one  of  best  flocks  in  ex¬ 
istence.  My  60-hen  pens  averaged  all  winter  200 
eggs  weekly.  A.  J.  Rosemund,  Hasbrouck  Heights,  N.  J. 

std1c'“f!k”  S.  0.  White  Leghorn 

GEO.  H.  CHASE,  35  Broadway,  Newport,  R.  I. 

S.  C.  W.  Leghorn  EfftfS  f0r  hatching. Iiake- 

V.  (f  ■  hCgllUI  II  tggo  wood  straiIli  ,-)0 

per  15,  $8  per  100,  Patapsco  Farm,  R.0.2,  Reistcrstown.Md. 

P  fl  1 1 1  TRYMFW~8end  cents  for  our  fine  60- 
*  ""hi  II  I  III  LI*  page  Illustrated  Catalogue. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Marietta,  Pa. 

Buff,  Wh.  Leghorns.  Mottled  Anconas,  S.  C.  K.  I.  Red. 
Eggs,  90c.  per  15,  $1.50  per  30.  $2.75  per  60,  $-1  per  100. 

Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown.  Pa. 


I  He1!;  tdanl  Bronze 


unnn  . . - 

OUUU  and  White  Holland  Turkeys.  Bred  for  heavy 
winter  layers.  Numbers  to  suit.  Prices  reasonable. 

THE  AMEBICAN  POULTRY  PLANT,  Collins,  Ohio. 

Indian  Runner  Dueks-KSu%.3» 

Eggs,  $1.50  per  13;  $8.00  per  ICO.  F.  J.  FULLER, 
Waterport,  Orleans  County,  New  York. 

THOROUGHBRED  Mammoth  Bronze  Turkeys— heavy  bone 
and  fine  plumage.  Mrs.  Floyd  Kirby,  Draper,  Va 

THE  FARMER  S  FOWL — Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.Y. 

Pfllll  TRY- Best  Breeds.  Bred  for  Laying. 
!.  UULI  II  I  Large  circular  illustrated  in  colors 
Free.  JOHN  E.  HKATWOLE,  Harrisonburg,  Va. 

BUFF  WYANDOTTES e0^ 

15.  LAWRENCE  ES8ELSTYN,  Claverack.  N.  Y. 

Ol)  egos  $1.00— Leading  varieties,' -52 'breeds.  Prize  Poui- 
try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  booklet  free.  Large  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  <1.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 

C— P'iT'-e  -  Winning  Breeding 
Stock— Black  Orpingtons 

and  Minorcas.  QU0QUETAUG  FARMS,  Old  Mystic,  Conn. 

WRIGHT'S  WHITE  WYANDOTTE  WINNERS-Eggs,  $4.50 
for  100.  Baby  Chicks,  $12.50  for  100;  $7.5(1  for  50. 
GRAND  VIEW  FARM,  Stanford ville.  N.  V. 

All'stin'S  *•  NEDS— 200-egg  strain.  Eggs, 

tiUiHiii  o  $1.50  per  setting.  Prices  on  quantities. 
AUSTIN  POULTRY  FARM,  Centre  Harbor,  N.  H. 

MINISINK  POULTRY  FARM  CO. 

Single  Comb  Leghorn  Hatching  Eggs— 95^  fertility 
guaranteed  or  money  refunded— $10  per  hundred 
f.  o.  b.  NORTH  WATER  GAP,  PA. 


AGENTS 

Men  or  Women 
Make  $30  to  $50  Weekly 

Exclusive  territory  if 
you  write  at  once  for 
agents’  proposition  on 
quickest  selling  house¬ 
hold  article  ever  made. 


Economy  Vacuum  Washer 

washes  clothes  automatically  in  15  min¬ 
utes.  No  wear  or  tear  oi  clothes.  Saves 
soap,  fuel,  and  all  rubbing.  No  ma¬ 
chine  to  run,  no  labor.  Guaranteed  for 
7  yrs.— less  than  lc.  a  week. — all  cop¬ 
per — lasts  a  life  time.  Price  $3.50,  Exp. 
prepaid,  money  back  if  not  satisfied 
after  30  days’  trial.  Send  for  circular. 
ECONOMY  SALES  C0„ 20th  Floor,  Metro.  Tower, N.Y. 


184 


THE  RUR.A.L»  NEW-YORKER 


February  11,  1911. 


Most  Wonderful  Offer  Ever  Published 


Great  1911 Price  Wrecking  Sale  of  Brand  New  Staple  Merchandise^ 


Our  Reliability  is  Unquestioned 

* - : - -  . 

Our  capital  stock  and  surplus  m  excess  of 
$1  ,000,000.00  is  proof  of  our  responsibility  .  Any 
publisher  of  any  paper  in  America  will  tell 
you  that  we  “make  good”  on  every  state¬ 
ment.  Write  to  the  greatest  bank  of  the  west 
—  The  Commercial  Continental  National 
Bank  of  Chicago— or  to  the  Drovers  Deposit 
National  Bank  of  Chicago,  or  any  of  the  com¬ 
mercial  agencies. 

Ny»* 

fl  Positive,  Binding  Guarantee 

Every  article  bought  of  us  is  guaranteed  a 
“decided  bargain.  If  any  article  does  not 
please  you  or  fails  to  come  up  to  your  expec¬ 
tations,  then  you  may  return  same  at  our 
freight  expense  both  ways,  and  we  will  re¬ 
fund  your  money  in  full. 


CHICAGO  HOUSE  WRECKING  COMPANY 

Guarantees  a  Saving  of  30  to  SO  Per  Cent 

Of  all  our  wonderful  offers  of  the  past,  none  are  greater  than  those  published 
in  this  advertisement.  This  Company  is  known  far  and  wide  as  “The  World’s 
Bargain  Center.”  Our  success  proves  the  truth  of  the  public’s  decision. 

During  the  past  six  months  we  have  inaugurated  a  buying  campaign  that  has 
placed  us  in  possession  of  the  largest  stock  of  merchandise  ever  gathered  together 
by  any  one  institution.  We  have  searched  the  markets  of  the  world  for  the  best 
bargains  obtainable.  The  proof  of  this  fact  is  seen  in  this  1911  announcement. 


Y 


Our  Stock  includes  Everything  Under  the  Sun 

It  means,  in  fact,  everything  from  a  needle  to  a  locomotive.  It  makes  no  dif¬ 
ference  what  your  requirements,  we  can  supply  them  at  bargain  prices.  _  Briefly 
outlined,  we  sell  everything  to  eat,  wear,  furnish,  equip  or  manufacture. 


,  GEM  STEEL  RANGE 

1-PW521.  Empire  Gem  Steel 
Range,  guaranteed  in  every  way. 
Neat  appearing  and  first-class 
baker.  Price  No.  8-10  as  illus¬ 
trated,  with  reservoir,  high 
closet.  <fc  1  Q  1 

Price  ....... .......... q)  A  17-  A 

Price  without  reservoir  and 
high  closet ...... ...$12.50 


SUPERIOR  GASOLINE 
FUMPiNG  ENGINE 

>  The  finest  ever  for  pumping 
water,  running  croamsoparator, 
etc.  Comploto  with  trimmings. 
Full  instructions  for  installing 
and  operating.  Sold  on  thirty 
days  free  trial.  d>OC  OA 

2  II  P.  Price _ JpJO.UU 

4  II. P.  Price $04.00 


LADIES’  ALL-WOOL  SKIRT 

All-wool  Panama  Skirt,  made  the  very 
latest  style.  Beautifully  trimmed  with 
silk  soutache  braid  and  satin  covered 
buttons.  Nobby  and  dressy.  Made  to  sell 
at  $7.50.  Your  money  back  if  you  don’t 
liko  it.  Colors,  black  or  blue.  Sizes, 
22  to  30  inch  waist,  37  to  44  inch  front. 
XiOtNo.  27-W-110.  d>9  ee 

Price  (postage  16  cents) ip 


MODERN  HEATING  PLANTS 

All  kinds  of  heating  apparatus.  WeY 
can  furnish  you  with  a  modern,  up-to- 
date  steam  or  hot  water  system 
cheaper  than  any  ot  her  concern.  Com¬ 
plete  plans  and  instructions  go  with 
every  plant.  We  loan  you  tools  free. 
Write  for  Heating  Catalog  and  freeesti- 
mate.  _  Each  plant  backed  by  our  Guar-  \J 
Wo  save  you  60  per  cent.  ' 


ante©  Bond. 


ysia 


MEN’S  PAT.  BLUCHER  SHOES 

While  they  last,  6000  pairs  of  men’s  Pat¬ 
ent  Colt  Blucher  $3.50  Shoes,  at  a  sav- 
Lg  to  you  of  $1.55.  We  took  the  entire 
output  of  the  factory.  This  is  a  per¬ 
fect  fitting  shoe.  Size8  6toll.  Width 
O.D.E.  and  EE.  Price  1  QC 

per  pair _ «pX,I/u 

Price  per  dozen  pair _ $2l".00 

Write  for  Catalog  today.  4 


MAGNIFICENT  SUIT  C4  qc 
LESS  THAN  COST  ^ 

W©  secured  the  entire  stock  at  a 
ridiculously  low  price.  You  got  the 
benefit.  Handsome  black  cheviot  suit, 
newest  model, tailored  by  experts.  Coat 
round  sack  stylo;  vest  popular  single 
breasted.  Notice — we  send  with  this 
suit  an  extra  pair  of  pants.  Cut  latest 
mode.  Color  is  gray:  guaranteed.  Or¬ 
der  by  Xot  No.  25-W-52.  QC 

Suit  with  extra  trousers — 

Write  for  our  FREE  catalog. 


LADIES’  PATENT 
COLT  BLUCHERS 

This  is  a  rare  opportunity  to  secure 
high-grade  patent  leather  shoes  at  a 
give-away  price.  They  are  made  the 
latest  city  style.  Hull  mat  top,  per¬ 
forated  toe  caps.  Cuban  heels  and 
extension  sole.  Sizes  21-6  to  8 ; 
Width  C.D.E  and  EEUjI  AA 

Price  per  pair _ «p  A.vMA 

Per  doz $10.80 


DURABLE  ARMY  Cl  QC 
KHAKI  SUIT 

This  fabric  is  very  firmly  woven  nar¬ 
row  Wale  diagonal  Khaki  cloth,  the 
same  as  used  so  successfully  by  the 
United  States  Army;  plain  army  tan; 
recognized  everywhere  asthe  most  dur¬ 
able  shade  known.  Comfortable,  full, 
roomy.  Two  outside  pockets;  semi-peg 
trousers  with  adjustable  belt;  two  side 
and  two  hip  pockets.  We  save  one-half, 
the  regular  price.  A  strong,  durable,- 
washable,  inexpensive  suit  that  will 
stand  extremely  hard  usage  and  last  al¬ 
most  forever.  Sizes  34  to  46  chest;  30 
to  42  waist  measure;  30  to  35  inseam. 
Order  by  Lot  No.  U*1  G{f 

25-W-304.  Price..... «P  1 


PRINT  LINOLEUMS 

W-59.  A  splendid  grade  of 
Print  .Linoleum  in  exact  imi¬ 
tation  of  quarter-sawed  oak; 
6  feet  wide.  O  *7  _ 

Per  square  yard _ d  •  C 

W-61.  Patterns  of  extra 
heavy  grade  Print  Linoleum. 
All  colors,  2  to  2H  yds.  wide. 
State  colors  wanted.  Price 
per  square  yard _ ....42c 


FINE  TOP  BUGGY 


This  fine  leather  quarter  top  Buggy, 
black,  with  Brewster  green  gear, 
%  tires,  narrow  or  d»o  ,4  AC 
wide  track.  Price -ipO  Hr.  «y«3 
Send  for  free  booklet. 

FINE  SINGLE  STRAP, 

HARNESS  ;< 

Qft  At  this  low 

vP  A  tl.cAJ  price  wo  will 
furnish  light  new  harness. 


$1.00  LACE.. 

CURTAINS  AT’ 

3300  pairs  as  shown.  50  inches  wide 
and  9  feet  long.  White  .  or 
Arabian  Shade.  Beautiful  Bonne 
Femme  pattern  with  ruffled  lower 
edge  and  a  throw  at  the  top.  A 
curtain  of  rich  appearance  and 
long  wearing  quality.  Regular 
retail  price  $L00.  Our  ro. 

wrecking  price,  pair _  UJl, 

Order  by  Lot  No.  20-K.-532 


HIGH  QUALITY  SMYRNA  RUG  $6.95 


W-45.  A  heavy,  reversible 
Smyrna  Rug.  Handsome  Ori¬ 
ental  pattern.  Red  or  green 
ground;  border  colors  tan,  blue 
or  red.  Can  be  used  either  side 
up.  Offered  to  you  at  exactly 
one-half  its  value.  State  colors 
wanted  when  order-  QCl 

ing.  Price _ -  «pu.Md 

30  x  60  in.  78c  3x6  ft.,  $1.50 

6x9  ft.,  $3.25  9  x  12  ft.,  $6.95 


SPECIAL  SINGLE  BARREL  SHOT  GUN 

\r  This  gun  isstrong  and  reliable.  Taper  choke  bored, 
automatic  ejector,  12  or  16  gauge;  reinforced  breech, 
case  hardened  frame;  good 
quality  fore  end  and  full  pis¬ 
tol  grip  stock;  rubber  butt 
plate.  Weight  about  6 If  lbs. 

16-W-510.  12  gauge,  30  or  , 

32-inch  single  barrel,  with  ejector,  $3.70.  4*0  r7(\ 
16  gauge  single  barrel,  with  ejoctor,30-in, barrel  *P«J,  #  UP 


$20  AND  WE  PAY  THE  FREIGHT 

'N  This  high-grade  Harris 
A  Sewing  Machine,  guar¬ 
anteed  for  20  years  f  or  onl  y 
$20  and  we  pay  the  freight 
’to  all  points  east  of  Den¬ 
ver,-  Col.  Besides  you  are 
allowed  60  days  in  which  to 
try  it  in  your  own  home. 
Not  ice  the  beauty  of  the  de¬ 
sign;  golden  quarter-sawed 
oak,  nand  polished  ball 
bearings,  drop  front,  auto¬ 
matic  lift.  A  full  set  of  at¬ 
tachments  with  each  ma¬ 
chine.  The  finest  material 
and  the  best  workmanship  represented.  The  great¬ 
est  bargain  ever  offered.  Send  for  our  Sewing  Ma¬ 
chine  Catalog.  Free  for  the  asking. 


101  PIECE  DINNER  SET  $7.00 


15,000  sets  to  be  sold  at  this  astonishingly  low  price. 
Decoration  beautiful  floral  sprays  of  dainty  pink 
roses  and  green  leaves.  Gold  borders.  Each  piece 
warranted.  Wo  also  have  42-piece  sets  selling  just 
now  at  $3,0O. 

PLUMBING  MATERIAL 

Everything  needed  in  plumb¬ 
ing  material.  Our  prices  mean 
a  saving  to  you  of  30  to  50  per 
cent.  Here  is  an  illustration 
of  a  bathroom  tf>9,7  Cfl 
outfit  selling  at  «pO  #  -Our 
Your  plumber  would  ask  you 
about  $60.00  for  this  same 
outfit.  Our  catalog  describes 
them  in  detail.  Write  us 
today  for  the  catalog. 


Our  Great  “Price  Wrecker” 

Under  this  heading  we  publish  a  mammoth 
1100-page  Catalog  of  bargains.  It  describes 
300,000  new  articles  secured  by  us  from  Sher¬ 
iffs’  ,  Receivers’  and  Manufacturers’  Sales. 
Gives  interesting  facts  as  to  our  past  history 
and  makes  you  acquainted  with  the  greatest 
Commercial  Institution  in  Chicago. 

1100  Pages  of  Bargains 

We  send  this  catalog  to  you  without  obliga¬ 
tion  of  any  kind.  It  contains  illustration's  true 
to  life  of  everything  the  manufacturing  world 
produces;  it  gives  plain,  straight  from  the 
shoulder  descriptions  —  shows  in  colors  hand¬ 
some  floor  coverings,  clothing,  etc.  All  you 
need  to  do  is  to  fill  out  the  coupon  below,  or 
merely  drop  us  acard  and  the  book  will  be  for¬ 
warded  to  you  at  once,  all  charges  prepaid. 


($20  ALL-WOOL  $10 
SERGE  SUIT  - — 

Lined  with  Skinner’s  Guaranteed 
Satin.  The  king  of  suit  values.  An 
all-wool,  silk  lined,  stylish  Blue 
Serge  Suit,  backed  by  our  guaran-  , 
tee  to  either  satisfy  or  we  will  re¬ 
turn  your  money.  Three  button, 
round  cut  sack  dress  style  well 
tailored;  padded  shoulders;  long, 
shapely  lapels;  single  breasted. 
The  trousers  are  f  ul  1  semi-peg,  per¬ 
fect  hanging,  belt  loops  and  adjustable 
side  buckles  and  straps.  All  sizes  from 
34  to  44  chest  measure,  30  to  42  waist  and  80 
to  35  inseam.  This  is  an  excellent  example 
of  how  wo  save  you  money.  A 
Order  by  Lot  No.  25-W-  $1Q  QO 
155.  Price  per  suit - -  v  *  u 

$6.00  FOR  THIS  OAK  DRESSER 

An  opportunity  such  as  this  to 
secure'  a  high-grade,  handsome 
dresser  at  our  bargain  price  has 
never,  been  equaled.  This  is  a 
splendidly  constructed  piece  of 
furniture.  Colonial  style;  wood 
carvings;  brass  trimmings.  Throe 
roomy  drawers;  good  locks  and 
castors.  French  bevel  plate  mir¬ 
ror  20  inches  high,  16  inches  wide. 

Top  is  double  thickness.  The  up¬ 
per  drawer  has  waved  front. 

The  three  panel  ends  have  great 
strength.  Finish  is  a  rich,  golden 
gloss.  Order  by  Lot  C;C  ALL 
No.  880W.  Price..  ipO.UU 

Write  for  Furniture  Catalog. 

A  $12.00  DINING  ROOM' 

TABLE  FOR  $6.95 

Colonial  Pedestal  Table. 
The  illustration  shows  th» 
harmonious  lines  but  the 
table  must  be  seen  to  ap¬ 
preciate  the  rich  golden 
finish.  It  is  excellently 
made  with  heavy.eol  id  ped¬ 
estal  and  scroll  legs.  Ex¬ 
tra  leaves  are  furnished 
free.  Extension  six  foot. 
Has  42  inch  top.  An  actual 
$12.00 value.  Or-  d»/;  QC 
der  by  Lot  No.  l-K-6643.  Price  only 

AUTOMATIC  BED 

DAVENPORT  $12.60 

This  neat,  substantial  full  size  Automatic  Bed  Dav¬ 
enport  at  a  saving  of  at 
least  half  the  regular  price. 
It  has  the  best  guaranteed 
indestructible  steel  spring 
construction.  Tufted  as 
shown  and  covered  with 
fabricord  leather  over 
soft  filling.  The  frame 
is  very  strong  solid  oak, 
finished  a  golden  gloss. 
This  is  one  of  our  greatest  values.  Or-  <t»  1  Q  CA 

der  by  Lot  No.  l-K-985.  Price - «pl4.0U 

Write  for  catalog  today. 


Any  of  These  Price  Wrecking  Catalogs -SENT  FREE 


We  publish  many  special  booklets  giving  specific  information  on  certain  lines  of  merchandise  of  which  a  brief  description  is  shown  below.  If  any  of  these  sub-' 
iects  are  of  interest,  we  will  send  you  the  books  noted  without  any  obligation  to  you.  If  you  do  not  want  to  fill  in  the  coupon  shown  on  the  left,  just  drop  us  a  line 
auid  say  what  catalogs  you  want  and  state  where  you  have  seen  this  advertisement,  then  they  will  be  sent  to  you  at  once,  all  charges  prepaid.  Write  to  us  today. 


Fill  Out  This  Coupon 


Chicago  House  Wrecking  Co. 
35th  and  Iron  Sts. 

1  saw  your  ad  in  Rural  New-Yorker. 

I  am  interested  in - 


57 


Send  me  free  of  all  charges  your  1100- 
page  catalog. 

Send  the  following  additional  books - 


Name _ 

Toivn _ Countv - 

State . . RF.D - P.O.Box - 


Ladies’  Apparel 


Lilies' 


•  This  book  illus- 
tratesand’describes 
Ladies’  and  Chil¬ 
dren’s  Wearing  Ap- 
j— ui^  parel,  and  isan  ed- 

npparelL  uoation  in  itself  of 

2^ .  “  the  very  latest  and 

correct  styles.  As 
to  qualitythisis an 
essential  that  takes 
first  place  in  all  our  dealings.  .Quality 


and  low  prices.  We  send  you  this  book 
absolutely  free,  and  y 


>nces. 

_ _ „.y  free,  and  yon  can  dress  in  the 

most  up-to-date  manner  at  a  saving  of 
from  30  to  50  per  cent.  Send  today, 


Floor  Covering 

Shows  actual  colors  of  Rugs,  Carpets, 
Linoleum.  Beautiful  assortment  of  lat¬ 
est  designs  and  rich  colorings.  Will 
save  you  money  every  time  you  make  a 
selection.  Sent  you  absolutely  free. 


Wall  Paper  Catalog 

Be  sure  to  send  for  our  sample  book.- 
It  shows  the  paper  itself  so  you  will 
know  just  what  you  are  getting.  Beau¬ 
tiful  designs  and  colorings  for  every 
room.  30  to  50  per  cent  saving. 


Our.Clothing  Book 

A  correct  guide  to  the 
proper  styles  for  men  and 
boys.  The  illustrations 
are  true  to  life.  Samples 
of  the  goods  are  shown  so 
you  will  know  just  what 
rou  are  getting,  and  aper- 
lectfitisguaranteed.  Be¬ 
sides  we  save  you  so  much 
money  on  every  deal  that 
you  certainl y  should  take 
advantage  of  the  money¬ 
saving  bargains  this  book  contains. 
Sent  you  absolutely  free  for  the  asking. 
Write  for  it  today. 

Grocery  Price  List 

Shows  how  you  can  economize  in  your 
every  day  wants.  Published  every -60 
days.  Shall  we  put  your  name  on  our 
mailinglist?  Fresh  groceries  of  excel¬ 
lent  quality  is  the  keynote'of  oursuccess. 

Sewing  Machines 

Gives  complete  and  valuable  inform¬ 
ation  regarding  Sewing  Machines,  and 
shows  you 'how  you  can  obtain  this 
household  necessity  at  a  splendid  sav¬ 
ing.  Be  surA  to  get  this  catalog. 


Boots  and  Shoes 

Ladies’,  Men’s, 
Children’s  Shoes, 
Boots,  Kubbers.Slip- 
pers,  etc.  A  perfect 
tit.  excellent  quality 
and  a  low  price  is 
guaranteed.  Our 
stock  always  repre¬ 
sents  the  latest  fash¬ 
ions.  Wo  give  you 
the  privilege  of  ex¬ 
amining  the  shoes, 
trying  them  on,  and  then  if  they  don’t 
suit,  send  them  back.  Nothing  could 
be  fairer.  Send  for  catalog  to-day. 


Gasoline  Engines 

'  Catalogdescribesfully  our  Superior 
Gasoline  Engines— Stationary,  Port¬ 
able  and  Marine.  The  highest  grade 
engines  at  lowest  prices.  A  full  line 
of  belting,  shafting;  hangers,'  etc, 


•  Jewelry  Catalog 

By  taking  advantage  of  the  wonder¬ 
ful  bargains  this  book  contains  you 
will  find  yourself  able  to  afford  beau¬ 
tiful  pieces  of  jewelry  —  watches, 
rings,  etc.  We  send  this  book  free. 


Harness  and  Vehicles 

V  We  save  you  so 
much  money  on  this 
class  of  goods  that 
you  should  at  once 
got  our  catalog.  It 
makes  no  difference 
what  you  need  in  the 
way  of  harness,  wag¬ 
ons,  carriages,  run¬ 
abouts,  trucks,  etc., 
you  will  find  them 
-  listed  at  a  very  low 
price.  We  guarantee  satisfaction  or 
money  refunded  in  every  case.  This 
book  sent  you  absolutely  free. 


Dry  Goods  Catalog 

This  book  contains  most  remark¬ 
able  bargains  on  your  every  day 
needs.  It  is  of  incalculable  value 
to  every  home  in  the  land.  Will 
save  you  from  30  to  50  per  cent. 

Sporting  Goods 

This  book  shows  Cameras,  Guns, 
Football  Supplies,  in  fact  everything 
in  the  Sporting  Goods  line,  and  al¬ 
ways  at  a  saving  in  price.  Send  for 
this  catalog  at  once.  It  is  free. 


CHICAGO  HOUSE  WRECKING  CO-  35th  and  Iron  Sts «  CHICAGO 


'•^PHoro 


NEW  YORK,  FEBRUARY  18,  1911 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR 


jagg 

m. ’** 

A  GOOD  JOB  OF  DRAINAGE. 

An  Iowa  Valley  Stops  Crying. 

Several  inquiries  have  been  made  regarding  the 
draining  of  some  lands  from  a  mile  and  a  half  to 
three  miles  southeast  of  Belle  Plaine,  Iowa,  in  the 
valley  of  the  Iowa  River.’  These  are  so-called  “bot¬ 
tom”  lands,  and  are  not  subject 
to  overflow  from  the  river  in 
times  of  flood,  except  a  small 
‘portion  is  some  years  flooded  in 
times  of  very  high  water.  The 
land  is  level,  and  where  not  too 
wet,  very  rich  and  fertile.  In 
fact,  it  is  the  most  productive 
land  we  have  here,  and  is  easy 
to  work,  not  being  subject  to 
washing  into  ditches,  etc.,  and 
the  soil  is  the  richest  portions 
of  the  hills  nearby,  which  has 
been  carried  down  from  rains 
for  hundreds  of  years. 

Prof.  Stevenson,  of  the  Iowa 
Agricultural  College,  is  authority 
for  the  statement  that  it  appears 
that  Iowa  -streams  have  wider 
river  bottoms  than  rivers  in  any 
other  portion  of  the  world,  and 
consequently  there  are  more  bot¬ 
tom  lands,'  or  alluvial  soils,  in 
Iowa  than  in  most  other  States. 

They  represent  about  eight  per 
cent  of  Iowa’s  soils.  As  would 
naturally  be  supposed  from  the 
origin  of  these  soils,  their  chemi¬ 
cal  composition  is  quite  variable. 

Some  of  the  bottom  lands  are 
sandy,  others  are  clayey,  and 
still  others  contain  a  large 
amount  of  gumbo.  For  this  rea¬ 
son  these  soils  present  many 
problems  for  study.  The  soils 
along  this  portion  of  the  Iowa 
River  bottoms  are  of  the  two 
last  descriptions,  that  is,  inclined 
to  be  clayey  and  in  some  spots 
gumbo.  Gumbo  soil  becomes 
good  after  being  tiled  thor¬ 
oughly. 

In  this  part  of  the  Iowa  River 
valley  there  is  a  succession  of 
ponds  and  wet  spots,  which  on 
the  land  to  be  improved,  were 
not  kept  wet  from  the  river,  but 
from  the  rain  water  from  the 
hills,  because  the  river  has  built 
up  a  sort  of  natural  levee  or 
dike  along  its  banks.  The  profile 
of  a  survey  showed  this  fact 
very  plainly,  as  the  large/  tile 
went  down  7.3  feet  within  20  feet 
of  the  outlet  into  an  old  chan¬ 
nel  of  the  river,  while  the 
average  depth  of  the  tile  was 
only  about  four  to  4.5  feet,  al¬ 
though  the  fall  allowed  was  only 
one-half  inch  to  the  100  feet,  and 
the  level  of  the  ground  to  the 
eye  does  not  seem  to  vary  much. 

Ihe  cause  of  this  condition  is  somewhat  of  a 
problem,  but  it  is  a  problem  for  the  geologist  to  de¬ 
termine.  It  may  be  a  deserted  channel  of  the  river 
or  a  large  creek  to  the  west  of  Belle  Plaine,  but  the 
fact  is  that  there  are  depressions  in  the  midst  of  the 
broad  valley  of  the  river  which  will  average  over  a 
mile  wide  at  this  point,  and  in  these  depressions  the 


flood  water  from  the  hills  gathers,  and  the  bottom 
of  the  depressions  being  of.  a  clayey  or  gumbo  soil, 
the  water  accumulated  there,  and  stood  until  removed 
by  evaporation,  or  again  tilled  by  rains.  There  were 
some  ponds  large  and  deep  enough  always  to  have 
water  in  them  except  in  seasons  unusually  dry,  such 
as  the  past  Summer.  One  of  the  ponds  drained  cov- 


um 


AN  IOWA  GOLD  MINE-THROUGH  DRAINAGE.  Fig 


LARGE  TILE  IN  AN  IOWA 


RIVER 


BOTTOM.  Fig.  58 


ered  about  20  acres,  qnd  was  deep  enough  so  that  it 
almost  always  had  water  in  it.  Beyond  it  is  a  pond 
that  covers  about  50  acres,  but  is  more  shallow,  and 
dries  out  when  the  first  pond  still  has  water  in  it. 
I  here  are  many  smaller  ponds  and  wet,  marshy  spots, 
and  fields  by  them  kept  too  wet  to  cultivate,  except  in 
very  dry  years.  Below  the  impervious  pond  bottoms 


are  sand  veins  which  are  continually  full  of  water. 

Various  attempts  have  been  made  from  time  to 
time  to  drain  these  wet  places  and  ponds,  by  means  of 
open  drains  and  ditches,  but  they  were  not  successful. 
One  of  the  main  reasons  for  this  is  that  the  services 
of  a  surveyor  were  never  secured,  and  thus  the 
natural  levee  along  the  river  bank  was  not  discovered, 

and  again,  water  will  run 
rapidly  '  through  a  smoot  h, 
straight,  large  tile,  laid  on  a  uni¬ 
form  fall,  or  grade,  which  same 
water  would  not  run  at  all  at 
the  same  grade  or  fall  in  a 
crooked,  grass-obstructed  open 
ditch.  Then,  with  the  large  tile, 
the  land  can  be  farmed  over, 
with  no  ditches  to  bother  or 
break  up  the  fields,  and  if  care¬ 
fully  laid,  tile  does  not  have  to 
be  cleaned  out  as  ditches  must 
be  every  season,  to  be  even  par¬ 
tially  as  effective  as  tile.  Of 
course  the  first  cost  of  tile  is 
more  than  an  open  ditch,  but 
progressive  and  up-to-date  farm¬ 
ers  believe  that  tile  is  far 
cheaper  in  the  end  if  laid  prop¬ 
erly,  and  for  this,  where  the  fall 
is  so  slight,  the  services  of  a 
good  surveyor  or  civil  engineer 
are  essential. 

The  survey  was  made  last 
'  March,  and  grade  stakes  set 
every  100  feet  showing  the  depth 
of  the  ditch  at  that  point.  The 
surveyor  also  made  a  map  or 
plat  of  the  land.  The  wet  land 
directly  benefited  amounts  to  at 
least  270  acres,  of  which  about 
half  has  never  been  under  cul¬ 
tivation,  and  the  rest  could  be 
cultivated  only  in  dry  seasons. 
The  land  indirectly  benefited 
amounts  to  as  much  more.  Much 
of  this  land  has  been  suitable 
only  for  wild  hay  and  pasture, 
and  not  good  pasture  at  that. 
Land  has  become  more  valuable 
in  Iowa,  but  the  value  of  the 
bottom  lands  just  now  is  be¬ 
ginning  to  be  appreciated. 

Several  years  ago  Prof.  Win. 
G.  Raymond,  dean  of  the  Col¬ 
lege  of  Applied  Science  at  the 
State  University  of  Iowa,  at 
Iowa  City,  Iowa,  spent  a  day  in 
Belle  Plaine,  Iowa,  examining 
the  proposed  drainage  project, 
and  he  gave  it  as  his  opinion  at 
that  time  that  the  undertaking 
was  feasible.  The  contract  price 
for  the  tile  was  at  the  rate  of 
12J/>  cents  per  foot  and  included 
all  the  labor  of  digging  the  ditch, 
levelling  the  bottom  with  straight 
edge  and  level  according  to  the 
surveyor’s  grade  stakes,  placing 
the  ,tile  and  covering  the  tile 
with  earth  and  filling  the  ditch. 
The  tile  was  12-inch  straight  tile,  in  two-foot  lengths, 
which  are  more  convenient  to  handle  and  lay  better 
than  the  shorter  lengths  in  the  larger  sizes.  The 
“over-run”  on  this  tile  averaged  almost  two  inches 
per  tile.  The  lower  end  of  the  tile  or  outlet  is  a  1G- 
foot  section  of  cement,  six  inches  thick,  over  a  thin 
sheet-iron  pipe  the  same  size  as  the  tile,  and  at  the 


180 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


February  18, 


opening  is  a  cast-iron  trapdoor  or  tide  gate,  which 
was  made  by  the  local  foundry.  This  is  hung  on  an 
angle  so  that  the  water  from  the  tile  opens  it  easily, 
but  so  that  when  the  river  gets  high  the  door  shuts 
down,  and  the  harder  the  river  presses  on  the  gate, 
the  tighter  it  closes.  This  is  to  prevent  the  river 
water  from  backing  up  the  tile,  thus  carrying  in  mud 
and  obstructing  the  flow  of  water  in  the  tile.  The 
tile  is  so  deep  that  it  will  not  freeze,  and  the  opening 
is  where  it  gets  the  benefit  of  the  sun,  the  exposure 
being  south,  and  a  bank  and  trees  for  protection  from 
the  north.  The  main  tile  is  straight  almost  due 
north  and  south  and  about  3,300  feet  long.  Last  Fall 
several  branches  or  laterals  were  cut  in,  to  drain 
smaller  ponds  mostly  to  the  east,  and  the  large  tile 
was  found  perfectly  clean.  The  12-inch  tile  runs  into 
the  20-acre  pond,  which  at  that  time  stood  about  2J4 
feet  deep,  and  allowing  only  a  half  to  a  third  tile 
full,  the  water  was  drained  off  in  less  than  two  days. 
Immediately  grass  began  to  grow  around  the  edges 
of  the  drained  pond,  working  towards  the  center.  In 
the  smaller  ponds  White  clover  sprang  up.  It  is 
strange  where  the  seed  came  from,  and  how  long  had 
it  lain  there? 

The  cost  of  the  3,300  feet  of  12-inch  outlet  or  main 
tile  was  as  follows:  Preliminary  survey,  $16.50;  final 
survey,  $28.00 ;  3,000  feet  12-inch  vitrified  tile,  two  feet 
long,  three  carloads,  $405;  42  feet  extra  tile  at  five 
cents,  $3.36;  labor,  $390;  iron  pipe  for  outlet  and  mak¬ 
ing,  16  feet  long,  12  inches  in  diameter,  $3.20;  seven 
sacks  cement  at  45  cents,  $3.15 ;  advertising  for  letting 
contract,  $2.30  livery  hire,  $4.50;  tide  gate,  including 
making  pattern  for  same,  $20;  extra  covering  across 
large  pond  on  large  tile  outlet,  sand  and  earth,  $19.75 ; 
total,  $894.26. 

Figuring  that  there  are  about  270  acres  directly 
benefited,  the  total  cost  per  acre  is  about  $2.65  for 
the  12-inch  outlet.  Into  this  outlet  the  large  pond 
which  had  been  keeping  things  wet,  is  drained,  and 
into  it  also  small ‘branches  or  laterals  are  connected. 
Not  every  acre  of  land  has  to  be  tiled  out,  except  in 
some  places.  Thus  the  average  cost  per  acre  for  the 
small  tile  is  reduced.  The  value  to  the  land  is  shown 
by  an  offer  of  over  40  per  cent  increase  in  the  cost  of 
the  land  and  tiling,  made  after  the  large  output 
demonstrated  that  the  20-acre  pond  could  be  drained, 
by  carrying  off  that  water  at  mill  race  speed,  al¬ 
though  the  fall  is  cnly  one-half  inch  per  100  feet,  but 
the  tile  is  carefully  and  truly  laid.  It  has  been  gen¬ 
erally  believed  that  this  land  could  not  be  reclaimed, 
because  attempts  at  open  ditches  were  not  successful 
when  made  without  the  guidance  of  a  surveyor.  Tile 
are  much  better  than  open  ditches  wherever  the  com¬ 
parative  cost  is  within  reason,  for  the  reasons  stated 
above. 

In  putting  in  the  branches  of  smaller  tile,  six-inch, 
five-inch  and  four-inch  tile  were  used.  On  flat,  level 
land  four-inch  is  the  smallest  tile  to  use.  In  this 
smaller  tile  both  clay  and  cement  tile  were  used.  It 
seems  admitted  that  in  the  smaller  sizes  cement  tile 
can  be  made  at  a  lower  cost  than  clay  tile.  It  is 
more  accurate  and  can  be  laid  better.  Many  careful 
farmers  prefer  cement  tile.  If  they  are  carefully  made 
with  the  proper  proportions  of  sand  and  cement  and 
then  kept  well  wet  down  for  several  days  after  being 
made,  cement  tile  in  the  smaller  sizes  are  probably  as 
good  as  any  tile.  In  the  larger  sizes,  cement  tile 
should  be  reinforced  with  metal  imbedded  in  the 
cement.  The  best  clay  tile  are  vitrified,  like  paving 
brick,  even  to  a  glaze.  The  harder  the  tile  the  better. 
The  water  does  not  go  through  the  tile  itself  but 
through  joints  between  the  tile,  and  the  more  closely 
these  are  laid  the  better,  so  that  dirt  cannot  get  into 
the  tile.  Even  then  the  water  will  find  its  way  in.  It 
takes  several  years  for  wet  land  like  this  drained  to 
get  the  full  benefit  of  the  tile,  as  it  is  soggy,  sour  and 
cold.  In  time  and  with  cultivation,  and  the  mixing 
of  humus  into  the  soil,  this  land  even  in  the  bottoms 
of  the  old  ponds,  becomes  warm,  loamy  and  mellow. 
Thus  several  hills  of  corn  will  grow  where  was  a 
muskrat  house  before,  and  more  fertile  land  is  added 
to  Iowa’s  productive  fields.  H.  R.  mosnat. 


NON-TWISTING  FENCE  POST. 

Realizing  that  the  beauty  of  a  fence  post  is  gone 
when  the  gate  posts  twist  or  lean,  or  sometimes  pull 
out  of  ground,  I  tried  the  method  as  here  illustrated, 
Fig.  60,  and  after  this  had  passed  through  freezing 
and  thawing,  contracting  and  relaxing,  I  find  the 
posts  are  not  one-fourth  inch  out  of  place.  The 
fence  is  a  steel  spring  wire.  The  brace  between  the 
bottom  of  post  may  be  any  size  above  three  inches  in 
diameter ;  the  one  used  was  3x3  locust.  There  is  a 
five-eighth  inch  round  bolt  at  top  of  ground  through 
each  gate  post,  screwed  up  tight  before  wire  is 
stretched,  as  shown  in  Fig.  60.  The  posts  are  thus 
braced  securely,  and  stay  straight. 

IMcw  Jersey.  vviLUAM  kinsley. 


A  DISCUSSION  OF  LIME. 

Is  it  true  that  we  would  get  better  results  by  using 
800  pounds  of  ground  limestone  a  year  for  a  period,  say 
of  three  years,  than  we  would  by  putting  on  a  ton  of 
gi'ound  lime  in  one  year?  In  other  words,  by  using  a. 
ton  of  ground  limestone  would  it  not  have  the  same  effect 
on  the  land  as  a  person  having  an  attack  of  indigestion 
after  having  eaten  enough  dinner  in  one  meal  to  last  him 
for  several?  The  land  in  question  had  never  bad  any  lime 
and  shows  that  it  needs  it.  Another  problem  which  is 
bothering  us  is  this :  We  produce  a  great  deal  of  nitro¬ 
gen  and  ammonia  by  clover;  in  addition  to  this  we  add 
some  by  using  commercial  fertilizer,  and  would  you  not 
think,  even  though  our  land  is  what  you  might  term 
clay  loam,  that  it  would  be  preferable  for  us  to  put  on 
the  ground  limestone  rather  than  the  burnt  lime,  inas¬ 
much  as  the  heating  process  which  the  burnt  lime  creates 
after  getting  into  the  soil  destroys  the  ammonia  in  a 
short  time  and  does  not  have  the  lasting  properties  that 
the  ground  limestone  has?  Our  experience  has  been  that 
the  ground  limestone  produces  a  chemical  in  the  soil  just 
as  valuable  for  plant  food  as  burnt  lime,  besides  there  is 
the  added  danger  or  the  burnt  lime  destroying  the  organic 
properties  of  the  soil.  We  are  also  using  rock  phosphate 
in  our  cow  stables.  Would  you  consider  ground  limestone 
just  as  good  or  better  for  this  purpose?  w.  p.  o. 

Oneida,  N.  Y. 

In  a  general  way  we  think  it  is  true  that  you  will 
obtain  satisfactory  results  by  using  800  pounds  of 
ground  lime  each  year.  We  do  not  know  that  such 
results  would  be  better  than  where  a  ton  of  burned 
lime  is  used  every  third  year.  In  the  three  years  you 
would  use  2,400  pounds  of  ground  limestone,  or  about 
1,300  pounds  of  actual  lime.  In  the  ton  of  burned 
lime  you  will  have  about  1,500  pounds  of  lime.  If 
your  soil  is  really  in  need  of  lime  you  would  do  bet¬ 
ter  to  use  1,000  pounds  of  limestone  instead  of  800. 
If  the  soil  is  very  hard  and  sour  we  should  start  by 


MAKING  STONE  DRAINS  IN  NEW  YORK.  Fig.  59. 


using  the  burned  lime  and  follow  with  annual  dress¬ 
ings  of  limestone. 

Much  will  depend  on  the  crops  you  grow.  If  it  be 
potatoes  the  annual  use  of  lime  will  not  answer.  You 
will  have  too  much  scab.  A  few  other  crops,  like 
corn,  strawberries  and  rye,  do  not  respond  to  lime  as 
clover,  cabbage  and  garden  crops  do.  If  the  latter 
are  being  grown  the  annual  use  is  best.  Your  illus¬ 
tration  of  the  use  of  lime  is  not  a  good  one.  Instead 
of  causing  indigestion  and  holding  up  plant  food,  the 
lime  has  the  opposite  effect  of  making  the  plant  food 
— that  is,  the  nitrogen — more  available,  and  causing 
the  soil  to  give  it  up  more  freely.  You  might  use 
excessive  amounts  of  lime  and  hurt  the  physical  con¬ 
dition  of  the  soil,  but  in  such  amounts  as  you  mention 
the  action  would  be  to  supply  extra  plant  food  to  the 
crops. 

The  lime  does  not  “destroy  ammonia.”  What  it 
does  is  to  hasten  the  decay  of  organic  matter  in  the 
soil.  This,  of  course,  sets  the  ammonia  free,  but  it 
is  not  “destroyed”  in  any  way,  but  simply  put  in  such 
form  that  crops  can  use  it — whereas  before  the  lime 
hastened  the  decay  this  ammonia  was  not  available. 
If  you  keep  the  soil  covered  wi|h  growing  crops  and 
give  good  culture  this  ammonia  will  not  be  destroyed 
or  lost,  but  will  be  used  by  your  crops.  They  may 
take  too  much  of  it,  and  thus  run  to  leaf  and  stem, 
like  beans  without  good  pods,  corn  all  stalk,  and  cab¬ 
bage  with  soft  heads.  The  objection  to  burned  lime 
is  that  it  acts  too  rapidly  in  some  soils,  setting  too 
much  ammonia  free  and  thus  pushing  the  crops  too 
hard.  We  have  had  conditions  on  our  own  farm 
where  the  burned  lime  was  most  desirable  because  the 
crops  needed  ammonia  and  the  cold  and  sour  soil 
would  not  give  it  up  freely  without  lime.  On  our 
own  farm  we  should  start  with  the  burned  lime  and 
follow  with  the  yearly  use  of  the  ground  limestone 
if  needed — except  where  potatoes  were  planted. 

The  limestone  will  be  as  good  as  the  rock  phos¬ 
phate  for  use  in  the  stable— that  is,  absorbing  the 
liquids  and  holding  the  ammonia.  The  limestone  adds 
nothing  to  the  soil  except  lime,  while  the  rock  phos¬ 
phate  adds  considerable  phosphoric  acid.  This  is  in 
an  unavailable  form  for  most  crops,  yet  clover,  buck¬ 


wheat  and  probably  corn  can  make  more  or  less  use 
of  this  rock  phosphate  when  it  is  mixed  with  manure 
and  applied  to  them.  Why  not  figure  on  it?  What 
do  you  pay  for  ground  limestone?  What  does  the 
rock  phosphate  cost  you  and  how  much  phosphoric 
acid  do  they  guarantee  in  it?  From  these  figures 
you  can  see  what  the  phosphoric  acid  costs  you  per 
pound.  You  must  have  it  anyway,  and  in  your  kind 
of  farming  no  doubt  the  manure  and  the  clover  make 
part  of  it  available. 

A  RURAL  CARRIER  ON  PARCELS  POST. 

I  have  been  reading  the  articles  that  appear  in  your 
paper  from  time  to  time  favoring  parcels  post,  and  as 
a  rural  delivery  carrier  for  more  than  three  years, 
from  what  I  see  I  feel  sure  it  would  be  one  of  the 
greatest  helps  to  our  people,  and  quite  an  item  of  in¬ 
come  to  our  Uncle  Samuel.  What  we  want  is  a  gen¬ 
eral  parcels  post,  and  we  are  going  to  have  it  sooner 
or  later,  and  I  think  much  sooner  than  is  healthy  for 
some  of  our  strongest  opponents.  Some  of  the  things 
we  are  asked  to  carry  might  be  a  little  inconvenient, 
but  I  think  most  of  us  could  handle  packages  up  to 
11  pounds.  During  January,  1910,  I  was  requested 
to  carry  10  different  packages  of  various  weights  and 
kinds  on  my  route  of  only  16^  miles,  and  I  think  this 
number  would  increase  rapidly  as  the  people  would 
learn  that  they  could  have  packages  collected  and 
delivered  same  as  other  mail.  Below  I  give  a  partial 
list  of  the  things  I  have  been  requested  to  carry:  100 
egg  incubator,  live  chickens,  live  sheep,  piece  of  bacon, 
plow  points,  nails,  paints,  binder  twine,  wool  twine, 
fruit,  groceries,  tobacco,  shoes  and  clothing,  and  other 
things  that  I  do  not  recall  just  now.  e.  p.  greer.' 

Ohio. 

DOGS  THAT  LEAD.— Mr.  Geo.  H.  Lavender,  of 
Kansas,  sends  us  the  picture  shown  at  Fig.  61  with  this 
remark : 

“Enclosed  find  picture  of  how  we  raise  calves  and 
dogs  together  in  Kansas,  the  way  we  have  of  ex¬ 
ercising  our  calves.  The  dog  will  go  out  and  catch 
a  calf,  cow  or  horse  that  has  rope  hanging  to  it.” 

That  beats  running  a  cow  down  or  driving  her  in 
the  ordinary  way  of  “dogging.”  Such  a  dog  as  that  is 
worth  while.  He  beats  the  average  herdsman  by  a 
mile. 


STONE  DRAINS. — As  an  offset  to  the  big  drainage 
operations  described  by  Mr.  Mosnat,  on  the  first  page, 
we  show  a  picture  of  a  stone  drain  as  laid  on  a  New 
York  farm,  Fig.  59.  The  stone  drain  when  properly 
put  down  is  useful  and  in  many  places  is  most  eco¬ 
nomical.  It  depends  much  upon  the  laying — that  is, 
leaving  a  clear  open  throat  for  the  water  to  follow. 
The  plan  of  digging  a  ditch  and  filling  it  with  an 
assortment  of  stones  of  all  shapes  and  sizes  will  surely 
fail.  When  the  bottom  stones  are  laid  so  as  to  leave 
a  fiee  and  open  throat  for  the  water  to  run  in,  such 
drains  often  prove  satisfactory  for  years.  As  a  rule 
we  prefer  a  sharper  fall  for  stone  drains  than  for  tile, 
and  we  would  certainly  use  them  in  cases  where  capi¬ 
tal  for  tile  drainage  was  lacking. 


Down  in  West  Virginia  we  heard  of  a  man  who 
planted  an  orchard.  He  was  a  town  man,  and  under¬ 
took  to  grow  fruit  by  proxy.  As  usual  the  scheme  did 
not  progress,  and  the  trees  were  not  satisfactory.  This 
man  hired  an  expert  to  come  and  look  at  the  trees. 
The  expert  gave  him  sound  and  definite  advice  which, 
of  course,  involved  spending  some  money.  Among 
other  things  the  expert  told  him  not  to  sow  wheat  in 
the  orchard  for,  as  all  fruit  growers  know,  you  cannot 
get  proper  growth  on  young  trees  growing  in  a  grain 
field.  It  may  be  that  this  fruit  grower  felt  that  all 
experts  are  like  the  prophets  of  the  Weather  Bureau. 
When  they  say  “fair  weather”  most  of  ur  hunt  an 
umbrella !  At  any  rate  this  man  did  just  what  the  ex¬ 
pert  told  him  not  to  do,  and  seeded  the  orchard  to 
wheat.  Of  course  these  trees  are  inferior.  That  man 
probably  lost  bis  courage  and  could  not  bring  himself 
to  put  money  into  the  orchard  without  trying  to  get  it 
back  in  the  grain.  He  would  not  run  a  business  in 
town  that  way,  but  would  expect  to  invest  money  be¬ 
fore  taking  any  out.  You  cannot  eat  your  cake  and 
have  it  in  an  orchard  any  more  than  in  a  baker's  shop. 


Work  is  under  way  at  the  Connecticut  Agricultural 
College  to  develop  what  may  be  called  a  fur-coated 
hen  which  lays  a  white  egg.  By  “fur-coated”  we  mean 
a  bird  with  small  comb  and  thick  warm  feathering. 
The  American  and  Asiatic  breeds  are  well  dressed  for 
Winter.  Let  a  Wyandotte  or  P.  Rock  or  a  Brahma 
squat  down  on  a  roost  and  put  her  head  under  hei 
wing  and  she  is  just  about  frost-proof.  But  her  eggs 
will  run  from  light  to  dark  brown  in  color.  The  Leg¬ 
horn’s  eggs  are  white,  but  her  comb  is  too  large  to  go 
well  into  her  pocket,  and  no  hen  lays  well  with  a  frozen 
comb.  Of  course  many  ben  men  keep  the  Leghorn  in 
comfortable  houses'  with  never  a  frosted  comb,  but 
there  are  others  who  practice  what  we  may  call  a 
rough  and  ready  system.  These  want  a  frost-proof 
lien  and  a  white  egg.  The  combination  is  coming.  It 
will  be  a  mixture  of  several  breeds,  and  will  play  a 
successful  part  in  working  out  the  newrer  plans  of 
poultry  culture. 


1911 

ALFALFA  THE  SOUTHERN  “MOSES.” 

A  Fine  Crop  in  Tennessee. 

I  am  sending  you  a  cut  (Fig.  62)  of  Alfalfa  grown 
oil  Crowell  Farm,  Hamblen  Co.,  Tennessee,  that  is 
now  past  four  years  old.  It  was  mown  five  times  dur¬ 
ing  season  of  1910,  producing  six  tons  of  barn-cured 
hay  per  acre  for  the  season.  This  crop  is  growing 
on  Haggerstown  red  clay  soil,  which  is  the  most 
valuable  soil  type  in  east  Tennessee.  Long  continued 
grain  cropping  had  reduced  this  soil  to  such  an  extent 
that  no  farm  crop  could  be  grown  on  it  at  a  profit. 
The  first  step  in  successfully  establishing  an  Alfalfa 
meadow  on  this  soil  is  lime.  Second,  deep  and  thor¬ 
ough  cultivation,  seeding  August  1  to  September  1, 
using  2i)  pounds  (the  best)  Alfalfa  seed 
per  acre,  adding  250  to  350  pounds  16 
per  edit  acid  phosphate  with  100  pounds 
of  muriate  of  potash  carrying  50  per 
cent  of  potassium  and  50  pounds  nitrate 
of  soda ;  these  three  thoroughly  mixed 
and  applied  at  time  of  seeding. 

We  have  no  need  to  use  any  form  of 
so-called  inoculating  bacteria,  nor  the 
soil  from  an  Alfalfa  meadow.  Japan 
clover  or  Lespedeza  seems  to  have  ren¬ 
dered  this  unnecessary.  If  burned  lime 
is  used  one  to  V/z  ton  is  sufficient,  pro¬ 
vided  it  be  magnesium  lime  made  from 
dolomite  limestone.  If  calcium  car¬ 
bonate  is  used,  which  in  my  section  is 
made  from  marble,  two  to  2x/>  tons 
would  be  advisable,  for  it  must  be  re¬ 
membered  that  magnesium  carbonate 
has  more  power  to  correct  soil  acidity 
than  lias  calcium  carbonate,  hence  it  is 
that  long  ago  magnesium  carbonate  was 
known  as  “hot  lime,”  and  a  less  amount 
should  be  used.  Red  clover  grew  4 T4 
tons  of  hay  per  acre  the  season  of  1910. 

This  14^4  acre  field  was  limed  also, 
without  which  such  a  crop  of  clover 
would  not  have  grown.  As  an  experi¬ 
ment  we  placed  a  few  Alfalfa  seeds  on 
this  field  at  the  time  it  was  seeded  to 
glover,  selecting  in  each  case  the.  thin- 
•  nest  places.  Result,  these  Alfalfa  seed- 
ings  are  now  growing,  looking  strong 
and  healthy,  while  the  Red  clover  is  al¬ 
most  all  gone,  it  being  a  biennial  at 
best.  We  are  feeding*  40  head  of  beef 
cattle  for  the  Spring  market  and  we  find 
that  Alfalfa  and  clover  hay  with  corn 
crushed,  husk  and  all,  makes  the  best 
combination  we  have  ever  tried  for  put¬ 
ting  on  flesh  and  fat.  We  see  to  it  that 
stalls  are  kept  well  bedded  with  wheat 
straw,  and  we  make  immense  amounts 
of  manure,  which  is  carted  to  the  fields 
mostly  in  need  of  it,  as  fast  as  made 
and  the  weather  will  permit.  So  here, 
my  dear  Hope  Farm  man,  is  “the  Moses 
that  will  deliver  the  South  from  poverty- 
stricken  bondage,”  lime,  legumes  and 
live  stock.  All  hail  the  day  when  this 
truth  will  be  driven  home  and  safely 
lodged  in  the  minds  of  our  farming 
communities.  Then  and  only  then  will 
happy  contentment  be  found  in  each 
farm  home,  and  here  is  the  foundation 
on  which  our  national  institutions  rest. 

For  it  must  be  remembered  that  no  na¬ 
tion  of  peoples  has  long  remained  pros¬ 
perous  under  systems  of  declining  agri¬ 
culture.  o.  P.  N.  FOX. 

Tennessee. 

R.  N.-Y. — Good,  but  do  you  not  need 
drainage?  The  “Moses”  is  all  right, 
but  why  be  so  bashful  as  to  keep  him 
back  away  from  the  railroads?  A  little 
“playing  to  the  galleries”  will  do  all 
hands  good.  We  should  impress  the 
capabilities  of  both  men  and  soil  on  those  as  yet  un¬ 
familiar  with  the  field  we  are  interested  in. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

life,  $800  would  have  been  a  top  price  for  him.  Now 
as  to  the  stallion  dealer  who  sold  this  horse,  perhaps 
no  one  but  himself  will  ever  know  how  much  he  re¬ 
ceived  of  the  $2,400,  for  if  this  company  was  formed 
as  they  have  been  in  the  past  20  years  throughout 
the  United  States,  there  were  many  things  that  had 
to  be  attended  to.  In  this  particular  case  I  assume 
that  the  salesman  was  an  agent  for  the  sale  of  this 
certain  horse,  and  the  stallion  was  turned  over  to  him 
at  a  price,  to  be  paid  for  when  this  man  sold  him. 
In  most  cases,  a  salesman  would  have  gone  to 
one  or  two  of  the  most  influential  farmers  in  the 
neighborhood  and  told  them  that  he  needed  their 
assistance  in  forming  a  company,  and  that  if  they 


187 


3  FT 

A  NON-TWISTING  FENCE  POST.  Fig.  60. 


A  KANSAS  DOG  THAT  LEADS  CATTLE.  Fig.  61. 


THAT  HORSE  COMPANY  SCHEME. 

How  It  Is  Worked. 

It  seems  strange  that  after  all  that  has  been  written 
about  stallion  salesmen  going  into  a  farming  com¬ 
munity  and  selling  a  second-class  stallion  at  three 
times  his  worth,  it  is  still  possible  to  do  this  in  a 
State  like  New  York.  There  is  an  old  saying  that  is 
certainly  as  true  to-day  as  it  was  a  hundred  years 
a£°  sucker  is  born  every  minute,  and  one  was 
ne\er  known  to  die.”  This  quotation  seems  very 
applicable  to  the  company  that  paid  $2400  for  the 
stallion  described  on  page  89.  In  the  first  place,  there 
are  only  a  few  stallions  that  are  worth  $2400,  and 
$1^00  should  buy  a  good  enough  horse  for  anyone, 
and  if  the  photograph  of  this  $2400  horse  is  true  to 


A  TENNESSEE  ALFALFA  FIELD.  Fig.  62. 

would  go  into  it  they  would  lie  presented  with  their 
stock;  in  other  words,  when  they  signed  their  names 
to  the  note  the  cash  would  be  paid  to  them.  With 
two  good  names  leading  the  list  the  rest  is  easy  for 
a  good  “flannel-mouthed  salesman.”  Next,  the  banker 
must  be  seen,  and  a  long  time  note  is  probably  sold 
close  to  a  20  per  cent  discount.  The  selling  company 
perhaps  realized  $1200  for  their  stallion,  the  agent 
perhaps  received  $500  for  his  trouble,  and  is  now 
making  similar  sales  in  another  locality. 

As  to  the  income  from  this  $2400  horse,  in  Virginia 
these  company  stallions  are  kept  by  members  of  the 
company  at  $12  a  month,  and  a  man  hired  to  “carry” 
the  horse  for  three  months  in  the  Spring  at  $25  a 

month.  If  he  is  a  fair  horse  he  should  be  allowed  60 
mares,  and  should  realize  45  colts,  and  on  this  basis 
the  net  income  after  paying  interest  should  amount 
to  $473.  _  F.  W.  OKIE. 

Virginia. 


How  to  Buy  a  Stallion. 

I  read  with  much  interest  J.  Grant  Morse’s  account 
of  the  organization  of  his  horse  company,  on  page  89. 
This  is  not  a  new  story.  It  is  an  all  too  common  one, 
both  at  the  present  time  and  in  the  past.  The  trans¬ 
action  is  quite  legal,  but  it  is  hardly  fair  to  charge  a 
lot  of  men  $2400  for  an  $800  or  $1,000  horse,  and  to 
have  four  or  five  good  men  sign  a  joint  note  along 
with  many  others  whose  signatures  are  of  no  value  at 
the  local  banks.  It  is  too  ‘bad  that  some  communities 
will  not  buy  a  good  horse  until  a  smooth  horse  peddler 
comes  along  with  a  horse,  an  organizer,  a  tricky  con¬ 
tract  and  a  joint  note.  It  suggests  some  of  those  co¬ 
operative  creamery  schemes  we  hear  of.  A  better  way 
is  to  organize  the  company  first,  agree  on 
the  cost  of  the  stallion  and  send  one  or 
more  good  men  who  arc  judges  of  the 
type  of  horse  that  is  wanted  to  sales 
barns  of  the  horse  breeders  or  importers. 
You  can  get  your  choice  of  a  horse  in 
this  way,  and  at  a  big  saving  in  cost. 
Each  member  of  such  a  horse  company 
pays  cash  for  his  share  in  the  horse,  or 
gives  his  individual  note,  with  security 
if  needed,  and  tliere  need  be  no  mis¬ 
understandings  or  legal  squabbles.  If 
the  selecting  committee  who  go  to  pick 
out  a  horse  are  good  horsemen  and  have 
some  business  sagacity,  and  take  time  to 
look  about  a  little,  they  should  easily 
be  able  to  get  a  good  horse  worth  the 
money,  but  in  some  cases -of  this  kind 
the  prices  seem  too  high.  Two  horse 
companies  in  this  county  have  high- 
priced  stallions,  both  Percherons.  One 
cost  $2,000  and  another  $3,000,  but  the 
latter  horse  was  peddled,  I  believe. 
Though  these  tricks  of  the  trade  are 
legal,  they  are  nevertheless  wrong,  and 
sooner  or  later  react  to  the  injury  of  all 
purebred  live  stock.  It  is  really  too  bad 
that  such  a  good  horse  as  the  Belgian 
came  to  the  neighborhood  in  such  a 
Way  and  with  such  companionship. 

Ohio.  VV.  E.  DUCKWALL. 

The  Horse  Died ;  Few  Colts. 

I  was  very  much  interested  in  the 
article  written  by  Mr.  Morse  on  the  first 
page  of  January  28  issue.  There  was  a 
company  started  here  about  20  years 
ago  in  very  much  the  same  way,  with 
results  very  much  as  Mr.  Morse  pic¬ 
tured  them.  There  were  five  or  six 
who  were  responsible  men  who  had  the 
horse  to  pay  for.  I  don’t  think,  as  I  re¬ 
member  it,  that  he  ever  got  enough  colts 
to  pay  his  keep.  The  horse  died  in  a 
few  years,  but  there  were  very  few  colts 
ever  raised  from  him.  f.  f. 

New  Jersey. 

An  Old-Time  Experience. 

J.  Grant  Morse's  description  of  “Our 
Farmers’  Horse  Company"  revives  afresh 
my  experience  with  a  horse  company 
about  20  years  ago ;  I  started  in  with 
the  same  experience  as  Mr.  Morse.  All 
went  nearly  the  same;  the  agent  pre¬ 
sented  the  joint  note  for  me  to  sign. 

I  told  him  no;  he  finally  gave  that  up 
and  wanted  cash.  I  again  told  him  no. 
Then  finally  lie  wanted  me  to  give  him 
my  individual  note.  I  told  him  I  would 
give  him  nothing  nor  sign  anything,  but 
would  come  to  the  meeting,  about  four 
miles  away  on  a  certain  day.  The  horse 
was  to  be  there.  I  went ;  when  I  got 
there  the  horse  was  at  Afton,  and  the 
meeting  was  to  be  there.  I  refused  to  go 
any  farther.  I  vied  hard  to  get  others 

to  stand  with  me,  but  they  had  signed  the 

joint  note  and  I  could  not  get  them  to  go  with 
me,  but  the  next  thing  I  knew  I  was  ordered  to 
appear  at  Delhi.  Then  I  got  busy  and  made  up 

my  mind  I  could  go  to  Afton  to  the  meeting. 

Arriving  there  I  found  some  of  the  company  had 
thought  best  to  have  legal  advice  and  had  em¬ 
ployed  a  lawyer,  who  was  a  friend  of  mine.  I  told 
him  how  matters  stood.  He  told  me  not  to  pay  them 
one  cent,  and  he  would  see  me  through,  and  lie  did  ; 
when  it  came  to  trial  the  judge  would  not  even  let 
the  case  go  to  the  jury,  but  decided  in  my  favor,  and 
the  company  that  was  selling  the  horse  had  costs  to 
pay.  Mv  expenses  were  about  $8  in  cash  and  some 
lost  time,  but  altogether  I  called  it  a  good  investment, 
as  I  think  it  taught  me  a  good  lesson,  and  I  am  quite 
positive  there  was  not  one  of  the  other  11  men  that 
came  out  as  well  as  I  did,  as  but  few  colts  were 
raised  from  the  horse,  not  enough  to  pay  exnenses, 
and  1  know  several  lost  nearly  the  whole  amount. 

New  York.  e.  c.  birdsall. 


1BH 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


“THE  PRODUCER’S  DOLLAR.” 

Getting  the  Cream  of  It. 

That  this  subject  is  receiving  so 
much  attention  is  an  indication  of  bet¬ 
ter  conditions  in  the  near  future.  In 
order  to  make  a  comfortable  living  it 
is. necessary  for  the  farmer  to  elimin¬ 
ate  as  far  as  possible  the  middleman's 
profit,  and  retail  his  products,  and  it 
may  be  interesting  to  some  to  know  how 
I  am  handling  the  product  of  my  dairy 
so  as  to  realize  all  that  there  is  in  it. 
For  many  years  I  had,  most  of  the 
time,  sold  my  milk  to  Boston  contrac¬ 
tors,  but  considering  that  they  had  vio¬ 
lated  their  contract  by  forcing  me  to 
fill  2Yz  can  “jugs”  in  place  of  the  usual 
SY  quart  cans,  I  at  once  notified  them 
of  the  fact  and  informed  them  that  I 
should  not  continue  to  fill  the  “jugs,” 
and  although  they  were  desirous  to  have 
me  “try  the  jugs”  longer,  1  at  once  took 
my  milk  off  the  cars.  I  conceived  the 
idea  that  a  cream  route  might  prove 
profitable,  and  although  one  was  already 
established  in  my  '  town,  I  at  once 
stocked,  up  with  cans  and  bottles  and 
engaged  a  neighbor  to  separate  the  milk 
for  me.  Later  in  the  season  1  put  in  a 
separator.  I  did  not  have  the  promise 
of  a  customer,  but  that  did  not  frighten 
me,  foi  as  I  have  been  a  retailer  of  fruit 
and  produce  in  town  from  my  youth 
up,  I  thought  I  could  dispose  of  my 
goods  as  I  had  of  my  other  produce. 

This  Spring  marks  the  anniversary  of 


carry  "double  decker”  loads  of  good  [ 
things  from  the  field  and  garden.  If  | 
you  are  situated  where  you  can  work  j 
out  the  dairy  problem,  as  I  have  in  my 
town,  try  it,  but  do  not  think  that  a 
scrub  cow,  or  even  an  ordinary  one  will 
bring  you  large  returns  as  a  cream  pro¬ 
ducer.  Weed  out  the  poor  ones  from 
the  herd  and  replace  them  with  “cream 
cows.”  Don’t  let  the  “other  fellow”  get 
the  larger  share  of  the  producer’s  dol¬ 
lar.  You  can  obtain  it  if  you  have 
brains  and  business  ability.  J.  L.  P. 
V/ilton,  N.  H. 

Alfalfa  Seed  in  New  York. 

On  page  27  you  show  a  picture,  Fig.  16, 
of  an  Alfalfa  plant  gone  to  seed  in  Seneca 
County.  The  facts  are  these  :  This  picture 
was  taken  September  17.  1910,  at  the  Good¬ 
rich  homestead,  where  the  first  annual  pic¬ 
nic  of  Springport  Grange,  No.  1184,  was  be¬ 
ing  held.  Mr.  F.  It.  Stevens  gave  us  a  very 
practical  talk  on  “Neighborhood  Concentra¬ 
tion,”  making  plain  the  benefits  to  be  de¬ 
rived  therefrom :  for  example,  he  had  no¬ 
ticed  how  Alfalfa  grew  here  and  that  the 
farmers  around  were  much  interested  in 
growing  it  for  home  use,  and,  knowing 
where  he  could  sell  1,000  tons  at  $18  par 
ton  at  that  time,  led  to  the  suggestion  that 
if  we  would  concentrate  our  efforts  more, 
growing  Alfalfa  as  a  money  crop  instead  of 
wheat,  buyers  would  be  attracted  here, 
much  to  our  benefit.  This  Alfalfa  seed 
was  sown  in  the  Spring  -of  1908,  alone,  for 
a  chicken  run.  Last  Spring  the  yard  was 
plowed,  but  tliis  Alfalfa  was  where  it  could 
not  be  disturbed,  and  it  grew,  and  if  g.ew, 
as  the  picture  plainly  shows,  and  seeded 
itself  wonderfully.  This  was  the  first  time 


THE  ENTIRE  CONSUMER'S  DOLLAR— DELIVERING  CREAM. 


my  second  year  in  the  cream  business, 
and  I  find  it  difficult  to  supply  my  cus¬ 
tomer.  Cream  of  a  quality  suitable 
for  whipping  is  sold  for  40  cents  a  quart, 
pint  and  half-pint  in  same  proportion. 
Skim-milk  is  a  scarce  article,  there  be¬ 
ing  a  good  demand  for  it  at  two  quarts 
for  five  cents,  which  1  consider  is  much 
better  than  feeding  it  to  pigs  or  calves. 
When  there  has  been  surplus  cream  it 
has  been  made  into  a  fancy  brand  of 
butter  which  I  could  guarantee  fas  I 
wear  the  cap  and  apron)  and  delivered 
to  the  parties  who  say  "1  am  fussy  about 
my  butter.”  Buttermilk  is  also  a  good 
selling  article  at  five  cents  a  quart.  In 
spite  of  the  fact  that  the  town  boasted 
a  cream  route,  and  several  milk  and 
butter  routes,  I  think  I  may  say  that 
at  the  present  time  I  have  a  large  pro¬ 
portion  of  the  cream  trade,  being  the 
only  one  running  a  cream  route,  and  I 
have  not  complied  with  numerous  re¬ 
quests  tor  “whole  milk.”  In  this  way 
my  milk  nets  me  from  60  to  70  cents 
per  SRLquart  can,  which  I  consider  a 
better  price  than  I  could  obtain  from 
contractors  or  a  creamery,  and  during 
the  fruit  and  produce  season  I  should 
have  to  run.  my  team  daily,  anyway,  so 
I  take  that  into  account  when  reckon¬ 
ing  the  cost  of  handling. 

Although  I  have  some  customers  who 
settle  their  bills  monthly,  a  large  pro¬ 
portion  pay  cash  or  weekly,  so  I  have 
something  coming  in  each  day,  and  do 
not  have  to  wait  until  nearly  the  end  of 
the  next  month  to  receive  pay  for  the 
goods  delivered  the  first  of  the  month 
previous,  as  when  selling  to  the  contrac¬ 
tors.  The  picture  shows  the  Maple  View 
Farm  team  ready  for  a  return  trip  from 
the  cream  route.  During  the  produce 
season  I  use  a  pair  on  this  wagon,  and 


it  ever  seeded.  What  effect  it  will  have  on 
the  vitality  of  the  plant  remains  to  be  seen. 
I  know  of  two  farmers  near  Auburn  who 
each  thrashed  a  few  bushels  of  seed  last 
Fall.  While  it  has  been  grown  in  this 
vicinity  many  years,  this  is  the  first  home¬ 
grown  seed  I  have  ever  seen. 

Cayuga  Co.,  N.  Y.  a.  h.  Goodrich. 


Cow  Peas  and  Oats. 

Will  you  consider  in  the  columns  of  The 
It.  N.-Y.  the  advisability  of  breaking  up  a 
Timothy  sod  in  Allegheny  Co.,  Pa.,  and  sow¬ 
ing  to  cow  peas  and  oats?  Then,  after 
cutting  that  for  hay,  sowing  to  Alfalfa. 
The  plan  is  to  get  the  ground  in  Alfalfa 
without  missing  a  crop  or  lying  idle  for  a 
part  of  the  season.  R.  R- 

Ohio. 

Cow  peas  and  oats  will  not  work  so  well. 
Better  use  the  Canada  field  peas  with  the 
oats.  Sow  the  combination  early,  plowing 
the  sod  as  soon  as  the  ground  is  fit.  Cut  the 
oats  and  peas  for  hay  or  plaw  the  entire 
crop  under  and  then  roll  firmly.  Use  at  least 
one  ton  of  lime,  well  Worked  in,  and  after 
tilling  the  soil  freely,  seed  to  Alfalfa.  If 
any  readers  have  had  actual  experience  with 
this  we  would  like  to  hear  from  them. 


Motor  for  Small  Farm. 

I  am  one  of  the  so-called  great  army  of 
suburbanites,  living  on  a  four-acre  piece  of 
land  a  short  distance  from  the  city  limits. 
Like  many  others,  I  experience  a  great  deal 
of  trouble"  in  hiring  work  done  on  my  prop¬ 
erty,  such  as  plowing,  cultivating,  grass 
cutting,  etc.  My  farmer  neighbors  who  can 
do  this  work  are  usually  busy  on  their  own 
farms  at  just  about  the  time  that  I  want 
my  work  "done.  1  have  been  looking  for 
some  time  for  the  advertisement  of  some 
of  these  motor  people,  hoping  that  they 
would  get  up  something  in  the  way  of  a 
small  machine  driven  by  gasoline  power  for 
doing  this  kind  of  work  on  small  farms  of 
from  one  to  five  acres.  It  seems  to  me 
there  would  be  a  market  for  such  machines. 
Do  vou  know  of  anything  of  this  nature? 

Michigan.  J.  b.  barlow. 

There  is  nothing  of  just  this  sort  on  the 
market.  Several  manufacturers  have  mo¬ 
tors  which  do  farm  work,  as  plowing,  but 
they  are  expensive  and  best  adapted  to  large 
fields  where  the  rows  are  long.  They 
would  hardly  prove  economical  in  small 
fields.  There  certainly  is  a  demand  for 
such  a  power,  but  it  is  probably  not  on 
hand  yet. 


FRUIT  TREES 


February  18, 

Our  Proof  to  date  after  years  of  service  is  that 
we  can  save  you  not  only  money,  but  disap. 
pointment  when  your  trees  begin  to  fruit 
This  Proof  will  be  submitted  with  our  new' 
catalog— ask  for  it  today.  *  *  *  *  * 

H.  S.  WILEY  &  SON,  Box  122,  Cayuga,  N.  Y. 


NURSERY  STOCK  IN  BARGAIN  LOTS. 

as 

the  extensive  planting  . - - -  ,  „  .  ,  „  . 

bargain  lots.  Order  one  or  more  lots,  as  may  be  desired.  I  hose  lots  are  all  nice,  clean  stock,  true 
to  name  and  free  from  disease.  Write  for  descriptive  price  list.  *  *  *  * 


NO.  1,  FOR  86.00 

100  Elberta  Peach,  2  to  3  feet.  1  yr.  from  bud 
10  Jonathan  Apple,  1  year  2  to  3  feet 

NO.  4,  FOR  88.00 

100  Apple,  2  to  3  feet,  first-class,  one  year 
40  Jonathan  40  Rome  Beauty  20  Winesap 


NO.  5,  FOR  810.00 

100  Apple,  select,  1  year,  3  to  four  feet 
10  Spitzenberg  30  Winesap  10  Rome  Beauty 
20  Winter  Banana  30  Jonathan 

NO.  6,  FOR  816.00 

100  Cherry,  2  year  from  bud,  5  to  6  feet 
80  Early  Richmond  10  Montmorency 

10  Dyehouse 


50  Kieffer  Pear,  4  to  0  feet 
.  .  .  ORDER  ANY 


NO.  7,  FOR  815.00 

first-class  50  Early  Richmond,  2  year, 

OF  THE  ABOVE  BY  NUMBER  . 


4  to  6  feet 


,NEW  HAVEN  NURSERIES,  NEW  HAVEN,  MISSOURI 


FRUIT  TREES 


and 


Eldorado  Blackberries,  Strawberry 
Raspberry  Plants.  Catalog  free. 

BARNES  BROS.  NURSERY  CO. 

Box  3,  _ Yalesville,  Conn. 


This  Beautiful  New  Rose 

The 

Climbing 
^American 
Beauty 

was  originated  by 
us  —  a  cross  be¬ 
tween  the  Ameri¬ 
can  Beauty  and 
the  seedling  of 
one  of  our  hardy 
climbing  roses. 

The  result  is  a 
rose  as  beautiful 
and  exquisitely 
fragrant  as  the  American  Beauty,  with 
blooms  3  to  4  inches  in  diameter — but  it  is 
hardy  as  an  oak,  of  strong  habit  of 
growth,  a  perfect  mass  of  bloom  in  June. 
The  Climbing  American  Beauty  will  grow 
wherever  a  climbing  or  pillar  rose  will- 
why  not  in  your  garden?  We  will  sell 
year-old  plants  of  this  wonderful  new  rose 
at  82.00  each— mailed,  postpaid,  to  any 
address  on  receipt  of  amount.  Write  for 
folder  giving  full  particulars. 

Hoopes,  Bro.  &  Thomas  Company 

^  West  Chester,  Pa. 


FREE 


Fruit  Trees,  Ornamental  Trees, 

SII  ItUBS  and  ROSES, 
SMALL  FRUIT  PLANTS 

of  all  kinds  from  the  famous  Lake  Shore  re¬ 
gion  of  northern  Ohio.  Sand  for  catalogue. 

MAPLE  BENI)  NURSERY, 

T.  B.  West.  Lock  Box  287,  Perry,  Ohio. 


We  Have  Over  fifty  Million  Evergreens 

All  lmrdy.  tested,  nursery  grown  stock.  We  snip 
to  all  parts  of  the  world.  Large  as  well  as  small 
trees  supplied,  $4.00  and  up  per  thousand.  Our 
prices  are  lowest  of  all.  Quality  the  highest. 

Hill’s  Trees  Grow 

because  they  arc  hardy  and  have  good  roots 
You  can  have  a  beautiful  windbreak,  hedge, 
shelterbelt  or  screen  with  the  hardiest  of  ever¬ 
greens  at  a  very  1  ow  cost.  Our  beautifulcatalog, 
illustrated  in  colors,  is  a  mine  of  information  on 
evergreens,  shade,  ornamental  and  fruit  trees, 
shrubs, Toses  and  vines.  Don’t  buy  until  you 
get  free  catalog  and  sheet  describing  50  won¬ 
derful  bargain  lots.  Send  for  them  today.  1 
D.  iiill  Nursery  Company,  Box  212,  Dundee,  Illinois 
Evergreen  Specialists 


Seeds,  Plants,  Roses, 

Bulbs,  Vines,  Shrubs,  etc. 
Hundreds  of  car  lots  of 
FRUIT  and  O  R  N  A  - 
MENTAL  TREES.  1,200 
acres,  50  in  hardy  Roses, 
nonebettergrown.  44green- 
houses  of  Palms,  Ferns, 
Ficus,  Gerani  uni  s  and 
other  things  too  numerous 
to  mention.  Seeds,  Plants, 
Bulbs,  Roses,  Small  Trees,  etc., by  mail,  post¬ 
paid.  Safe  arrival  and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Immense  stock  of  SUPERB  CANNAS,  the 
queen  of  bedding  plants.  Acres  of  Paeonias  and 
other  Perennials.  50  choice  collections  cheap 
in  Seeds,  Plants,  Roses,  etc.  Elegant  168-page 
Catalog  FREE.  Send  for  it  today  and  see  what 
values  we  give  for  your  money.  Direct  deal  will 
insure  you  the  best  at  first  cost.  57  years.  (12) 
The  Storrs  &  Harrison  Co.  Box  158  Painesville,  0. 


Greatest  Rose  Catalogue 
Now  Ready  for  You 

Ready,  to  help  you  select  roses  guaranteed 
to  bloom — endless  varieties,  sold  oii  their 
own  roots,  direct  from  America’s  foremost 
growers.  Enclose  10c  and  we  will  also 
send  onr  famous  hook, ‘‘How  to  Grow  Rose#” 
(1911  edition  revised),  the  rose  lover’s  man¬ 
ual  of  planting  and  care.  beautiful,  authori¬ 
tative.  Write  for  these  books  TO-DAY  l 
THE  CON Altl>  «l  JONES  CO. 
Rose  Specialists — 50  years  experience 

Uox  4  It  .  West  Grove,  Pa. 


Send  for  This  Book 


its  FREE 

It  tells  you  how  you  can  save  big 
money  by  ordering  your  fruit  and 
ornamental  trees  and  shn  bs,  vines 
and  plants  direct  from  us  by  mail 
insteadof  through  an  agent.  We 
have  thousands  of  satisfied  custom¬ 
ers  all  over  the  country  which 
proves  that  our  stock  is  the  kind 
you  want  to  get. 

We  grow  our  own  stock 
and  guarantee  it 
Send  us  your  name  ana  address  now. 
ALLEN  L.  WOOD,  Woodlawn  Nurseries 
571  Culver  Road,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


FRUIT,  SHADE  and  ORNAMENTAL 
TREES,  SHRUBS  and  ROSES 

A  Large  Stock  of  the  Finest  Quality.  Also 
a  Full  Line  of  the  BEST  Spray  Bumps,  and 
Spray  Material.  Prices  Low  and  Satisfac¬ 
tion  Guaranteed.  We  Deal  Direct  with 
our  Customers.  Write  for  Price  List.' 
CALL’S  NURSERIES,  Perry,  Ohio. 


McKay’S  Peach  Trees- 
McUaV’S  Dwarf  Apple  Trees — 


McKay’s  Acre  .Cherry  Orchard,  S15 - 

McKay’S  Rose  Bushes  on  their  own  roots- 
McKay’S  Fertilizer  Chemicals - 


McKa  yfS  agricultural  Lime ,  $3  per  ton 

McKay’S  Catalogue  tells  about  them— and  more 

W:  L.  McKay,  Geneva.  N.  Y.  Box  R. 


FRUIT 

TREES 

Pear#.  Bartlett,  Seckel  and  others. 

Fine,  healthy  trees.  Cherries  and 
Pin  ms,  all  tx^t  varieties.  Peaches, 
grown  from  buds  from  hearing  trees.  Also  Grape* 
and  Currants  in  any  quantity.  General  big  advance 
in  prices  this  year  owing  to  great  demand  for  fruit 
trees  in  northwest.  Our  prices  have  not  advanced. 
Get  wholesale  prices  direct  from  us  and  $1  Lot  Offers. 
Save  i  to  ».  Free  Catalog.  Write  to-day. 

W.  P.  RUPERT  Sr.  SON,  Box  20  Seneca,  N.  Y. 
Also  Breeders  of  Prize  Hampshire  Sheep 


Fruit  Trees  at  $6.48  for  100 


WE  GROW  THF.  TREES  WE  SELL,  nhlek 
Hr©  the  best  known  for  garden  and  or¬ 
chard.  Fresh  dng,  ti  >i  to  nmne,  no  scale, 
no  risk.  Personal  attention  given  each 
order.  Send  us  a  list  of  your  wants  for 
wholesale  prices.  Everybody  write  for 
free  illustrated  catalogue. 

2  APPLE  TREES,  1  McIntosh  and  1 
Banana,  bent  postpaid  for  cents. 

Box  13  Dansville,  N.  Y. 


^faloney^Bros^^Vells, 


Black’s  PeackTrees-1911 


J 


w.  ^.^Pcach  Trees  are  one  of  our  specialties — we 
Krow  f°r  Quality  and  not  quantity  alone.  Our 
ts  YjJf  trees,  however,  cost  little,  if  any,  m^re  than  thej 

| ordinary  sort — we  employ  no  agents,  but  selj^ 
direct, saving  middleman’s  profits.*  r  ■  li 
New  booklet,  “Springtime  audydlUdDIG 
Harvest  for  the  Fruit-grower,  ”  free.  ■  ■  t, 

Joseph  H.  Black,  Son  &  Co.  UOOKIGT 
Box  V,Hightstown,  New  Jersey  ffgg 


PLANT  HARDY  TREES 

Healthy,  acclimated,  high  grade,  true  to  label  fruit  trees 
and  plants  for  Northern  States  at  wholesale  prices,  direct 
from  nursery  to  planter.  Send  for  catalogue. 

^^JlEURlf^Hl^JIURSERIES^DKK^^JtAUMAZOOAJiCH^ 


SALESMEN  WANTED 


TO  SELL  TREES  AND  PLANTS 


Free  outfit.  Commis¬ 
sion  paid  weekly.  Write 
for  terms.  PERRY  NURS 
ERIES,  Rochester,  N.  Y, 


Fruit  Trees  From  the  Grower. 

Save  middlemen’s  expense  and  get  them 
fresh  dug.  Catalog  free. 

WM.  J.  REILLY,  NURSERYMAN.  DANSVILLE.  N  Y. 


TREES 


CATALOG  FREE 


— 15OACR10S.  Genesee  Valley 
grown.  “Not  the  cheapest,  but 
the  best.”  Never  have  had  San 
Jose  Scale.  Established  1861). 

GEO.  A.  SWEET  NURSERY  CO., 

20  Maple  St..  Dansville.  N  Y. 


1911 


THE  RURA.L  >1 E  W- VORKER 


189 


FIVE  ACRES  ENOUGH  ? 

D.  .1.  Brattleboro,  Vt. — Would  it  bo 
profitable  to  raise  horseradish  for  the  mar¬ 
ket  on  a  fairly  large  scale?  Could  one 
make  a  good  income  on  five  acres  on  the  fol¬ 
lowing  plan?  One  acre  to  asparagus;  one 
acre  to  tomatoes;  one  acre  to  horseradish; 
hens  and  other  birds  to  roam  over  an  acre 
or  two.  How  near  to  New  York  city  could 
one  find  the  suitable  five  acres?  Are  there 
any  desirable  places  on  the  Hudson  not  too 
far  from  New  York?  High  and  healthy 
location  dsirable ;  would  like  trolley  line. 

Ans. — Can  one  make  a  living  on  live 
acres  of  land  by  diversified  methods,  or 
lines  of  working  similar  to  those  sub¬ 
mitted  by  D.  A.  C.  ?  This  question  has 
always  agitated  the  minds  of  many  peo¬ 
ple,  caused  many  changes  in  the  differ¬ 
ent  walks  of  life,  and  not  infrequently 
has  it  cost  them  considerable  of  their 
early  savings.  It  is  therefore  a  critical 
question  to  undertake  to  answer.  So 
much  will  depend  on  the  man,  his  for¬ 
mer  occupation,  his  age,  and  methods 
of  detail,  etc.,  that  advice  or  information 
given  in  one  case  may  not  be  suitable 
in  another.  As  a  rule  experience  and 
close  observation  has  more  to  do  with 
successful  farming  than  science  or  in 
fact  any  information  that  can  he  given, 
and  those  who  are  without  some  experi¬ 
ence  in  the  line  of  farming  who  have 
passed  the  stone  in  life’s  highway  that 
marks  the  highest  point,  I  would  ad¬ 
vise  not  to  engage  in  the  market  garden¬ 
ing  business.  The  long  hours  and  the 
exposure  in  all  kinds  of  weather  which 
the  business  necessarily  entails  is  keenly 
felt  by  those  past  middle  age,  who  have 
spent  the  most  useful  part  of  their  life 
at  the  desk,  behind  the  linen  counter  or 
other  similar  occupations.  And  the  fact 
should  not  he  overlooked  that  the  pres¬ 
ent-day  methods  of  young  men  have 
worked  the  undoing  of  the  older  ones, 
and  he  who  does  not  conform  to  these 
methods  cannot  get  out  of  his  commer¬ 
cial  life  all  that  his  natural  aptitude 
may  entitle  him  to.  Nevertheless  the 
world  offers  great  prizes  to  all  who  can 
applv  themselves  to  the  true  limitation 
of  their  ability,  and  it  is  here  that  a 
close  application  to  business  teaches 
methods  that  are  effectual,  and  the  high¬ 
est  working  qualities  are  best  trained  In¬ 
active  and  sympathetic  contact  with 
others  in  the  same  affairs  of  life.  Pro¬ 
gressive  farming  and  market  gardening 
to-day,  with  their  far-reaching  advan¬ 
tages,  aided  by  farm  literature,  State 
experiment  stations  and  the  social  fea¬ 
tures  of  the  local  Granges,  give  a  noble 
training  and  a  splendid  opportunity  for 
young  men  of  character  and  tact.  It 
seems  to  be  a  very  moderate  view  of 
the  business  when  regarded  as  only  a 
means  of  getting  a  living.  A  man’s 
business  is  his  part  of  the  world’s  work; 
his  share  of  the  great  activities  which 
makj  communities  prosper,  and  farming 
is  a  social  industry  giving  employment 
to  labor  in  localities  where  manufactur¬ 
ing  industries  as  a  rule  seldom  thrive, 
and  it  is  a  culture  which  strengthens 
and  invigorates  if  it  does  not  refine;  it 
gives  force  if  it  does  not  polish.  It 
makes  strong  men  and  ready  men,  and 
will  necessarily  make  able  exponents  of 
the  small  farm  theory,  which  are  to  he 
the  farms  of  the  future.  The  great  in¬ 
crease  in  pouplation  will  demand  this, 
the  same  as  in  the  European  countries, 
where  the  land  brings  forth  four  times 
the  amount  per  acre  as  that  cultivated 
by  the  average  American  farmer.  In  the 
old  countries  the  force  of  circumstances 
taught  them  long  ago  the  importance  of 
conservation,  and  that  the  soil  fertility 
must  and  can  be  maintained,  and  the 
condition  can  best  he  brought  about  by 
cultivating  fewer  acres.  The  young  men 
of  tli is  country  should  take  advantage  of 
the  forced  conditions  of  the  older  coun¬ 
tries  by  keeping  abreast  of  or  a  little 
ahead  of  the  farm  development  in  the 
great  agricultural  centers.  As  the  farms 
of  the  future  will  he  reduced  in  size  so 
also  our  market  gardens  will  contain 
but  few  acres,  intensively  cultivated  so 
as  to  yield  at  a  maximum. 


Will  five  acres  of  such  land  so  cul¬ 
tivated  and  managed  produce  sufficient 
for  a  living?  My  answer,  of  course 
based  on  experience  and  observation, 
will  be  in  the  affirmative,  and  in  very 
many  instances  a  handsome  profit  can 
he  shown  also,  and  I  do  not  hesitate  in 
saying  that  the  future  will  develop  new 
and  improved  methods  in  producing 
maximum  yields,  that  to-day  are  beyond 
the  dream  of  men.  Where  a  few  acres 
are  cultivated  and  the  soil  made  neces¬ 
sarily  rich  by  continuous  applications  of 
manure  to  meet  these  heavy  expenses, 
every  available  space  must  he  .kept 
planted  by  double  or  companion  crop¬ 
ping  with  early  and  quick-growing  vege¬ 
tables.  Crops,  therefore,  such  as  aspara¬ 
gus,  horseradish,  tomatoes,  etc.,  will  not 
admit  of  this  method  of  culture.  As¬ 
paragus  is  a  farm  crop  rather  than  one 
of  the  market  gardener’s  choice,  and 
when  cultivated  as  such  is  usually  un¬ 
profitable,  but  it  will  not  show  as  profit¬ 
able  returns  as  where  two  or  more  crops 
are  grown  on  a  given  space,  except  it  is 
grown  by  the  mulching  system,  which 
requires  very  intensive  methods,  and  al¬ 
most  twice  the  amount  of  grass  can  he 
grown  on  an  acre.  Horseradish  is  not 
always  a  profitable  crop,  depending 
somewhat  on  location  and  market,  oc¬ 
cupying  the  land  too  long  for  the  gar¬ 
dener  who  aims  to  get  the  most  from 
his  soil.  It  is  sometimes  planted  in 
early  cabbage,  making  most  of  its 
growth  during  the  cool  moist  weather 
of  Autumn  and  sold  as  a  Winter  crop, 
and  by  this  method  of  handling  is  profit¬ 
able.  The  tomato  is  one  of  the  leading 
crops  among  the  farm  gardeners,  and 
is  very  extensively  grown  where  soil 
conditions  are  favorable.  It  delights  in 
a  sandy  loam,  and  in  locations  that  are 
well  sheltered  from  the  north  winds 
with  a  southern  exposure  they  can  he 
brought  in  market  very  early  and  will 
command  the  highest  price.  After  a  few 
pickings  the  price  soon  drops,  often 
selling  as  low  as  23  cents  per  basket. 
The  tomato  should  not  be  planted  on 
such  rich  soil  as  that  usually  found  in 
the  smaller  market  gardens,  the  great 
quantities  of  nitrogen  and  other  rich 
plant  food  producing  a  dense  foliage 
growth,  usually  retarding  the  ripening 
of  the  fruit  and  rendering  them  unprof¬ 
itable. 

As  to  fowls  in  a  market  garden,  here 
we  must  draw  the  line.  The  busy  hen 
in  a  well-arranged  market  garden  where 
ground  is  figured  on  the  square  yard 
basis,  can  do  more  damage  in  one  hour 
than  one  dozen  of  her  kind  can  make 
good  in  egg  producing  in  one  day.  It 
has  always  seemed  to  me  from  my  early 
experience  in  chicken  farming,  and  by 
closely  observing  the  work  of  others, 
that  it  is  a  hobby  rather  than  a  business, 
and  should  be  followed  as  such.  Among 
the  many  vocations  of  life  there  is 
none  that  so  enthusiastically  engages 
the  attention  of  all  classes  as  poultry 
farming,  none  that  fills  so  many  pages 
of  farm  history  with  glowing  descrip¬ 
tions,  and  none  that  has  so  few-  suc¬ 
cesses  to  its  credit  as  this  particular 
fanev.  Within  a  radius  of  one  mile 
from  where  I  am  writing  these  lines  we 
can  count  more  than  a  dozen  poultry 
farms,  mushroom  houses,  ginseng  fields, 
and  water-cress  streams,  most  of  them 
very  desirable  locations  and  expensive 
properties,  hut  they  are  now  strewn 
with  the  wreckage  of  wasted  time,  the 
few  buildings  that  remain  standing"  as 
mournful  monuments  of  misguided  am¬ 
bition.  However,  if  fowls  are  to  he 
kept  on  a  market  garden  containing  not 
more  than  five  acres  of  ground  the  fol¬ 
lowing  crops  will  he  suitable  to  grow, 
and  should  produce  at  the  selling  price 
an  average  of  $200  to  $400  per  acre : 
One  acre  of  rhubarb,  one  of  asparagus, 
one  of  strawberries  and  one  of  horse¬ 
radish.  These  crops  will  allow  the 
keeping  of  fowls  without  materially  in¬ 
terfering  with  them.  The  rhubarb  comes 
in  very  early  in  April,  followed  by  as¬ 
paragus  i  n  May  and  strawberries  in 
June.  The  fowls  could  then  have  the 
run  of  the  place  to  the  end  of  the  sea¬ 
son.  The  horseradish  is  harvested  late 
in  the  Fall  and  sold  during  the  Winter 
months,  thus  making  it  a  very  desirable 
crop  to  work  in  with  the  foregoing. 

T.  M.  WHITE. 


THE  Clothcraft  label  is  an  insurance-mark  that 
you  ought  to  have  in  your  clothes.  It  stands 
first  for  all-wool — a  prime  requirement  in 
good  clothes  at  any  price.  It  also  stands  for  such  fit 
and  finish  as  you’d  expect  only  in  clothes  at  higher 
prices;  and  so  it  means  a  saving  of  $5  to  $10  a  suit. 


You  know  that  only  thoroughly-shrunk  all-wool  can  give  lasting  service  and  satisfaction  in  a  man’s 
clothes.  The  important  thing  is  to  know,  before  your  money  is  spent,  that  you're  getting  all-wool. 
That's  why  every  Clothcraft  suit  ;s  marked  with  the  Clothcraft  label,  and  warranted  by  the  Cloth- 
craft  guaranty  that  assures  all-wool  cloth,  first-class  trimmings  and  workmanship,  lasting  shape, 
service  and  satisfaction.  That  guaranty  is  backed  by  both  dealer  and  maker.  You  get  it  only  at 
Clothcraft  Stores. 

You  don’t  need  a  guara  rv  for  the  correct  style  and  really  remarkable  fit.  A  try-on  will  show 
the  close-fitting  collar  and  lapels;  the  shapely  shoulders;  the  smooth,  full  coat -front;  the  trousers 
that  set  close  at  the  heel. 

Clothcraft  Scientific  Tailoring,  that  makes  these  merits  possible,  is  the  outgrowth  of  sixty-one 
years’  study  of  just  one  thing — the  making  of  good  clothes  at  medium  prices.  That  fact  in  itself  is 
a  mighty  good  reason  why  you  ought,  for  your  own  satisfaction,  to  investigate  Clothcraft  Clothes. 

Go  to  the  nearest  Clothcraft  Store,  or  write  us  direct.  We’ll  gladly  send  you  the  Clothcraft  style- 
folder  for  spring,  and  a  booklet  that  pictures  the  light,  clean  shop  where  Clothcraft  Clothes  are 
made,  together  with  the  name  of  the  nearest  Clothcraft  dealer.  He’s  a  man  who  believes  every 
customer  is  entitled  to  honest  clothes,  honest  methods  and  an  honest  guaranty.  That’s  why  he  sells 
Clothcraft  Clothes. 

THE  JOSEPH  &  FEISS  COMPANY 

Founded  1850— Oldeit  American 
Manufacturers  of  Men’s  Clothes 

635  St.  Clair  Avenue,  N.  W.  Cleveland 


“  makes  it  only  play  to  work  a  garden  ” 

This  is  exactly  what  a  Planet  Jr  gardener  says.  And  he 
says  what  over  a  million  farmers  and  gardeners  think.  They  know 
the  time  and  labor  their  Planet  Jrs  save.  Aren’t  you  ready  to 
give  up  the  drudgery  of  farm  and  garden?  Planet  Jr  implements 
are  ready  to  lighten  your  labor,  enlarge  and  better  your  crops, 
and  increase  your  profits.  Made  by  a  practical  farmer  and  manu¬ 
facturer  with  over  35  years’  experience.  Fully  guaranteed. 

No.  25  Planet  Jr  Combined  Hill  and  Drill  Seeder,  Double-Wheel  Hoe,  Cultivator 
and  Plow  opens  the  furrow,  sows  seed  in  drills  or  hills,  covers  rolls  and  marks  out  next  row  in 
one  operation  ;  and  it  has  perfect  cultivating  attachments  besides. 

No.  &  Planet  Jr  Horse-Hoe  and  Cultivator  will  do  more  things  Ti» 
more  ways  than  any  other  horse-hoe  made.  Plows  to  or  from  the  row.  A  . 
splendid  furrower,  covercr,  hiller,  and  horse-hoc  ;  unequaled  as  a  cultivator. 

The  1911  Planet  Jr  illustrated  catalogue  is  in¬ 
valuable  to  every  progressive  farmer  and  gardener. 

56  pages  brimful  of  helpful  hints  on 
labor-saving.  Free  and  postpaid. 

Write  for  it  today. 

w<33 S  L  Allen  &  Co 

if  Absaab  phiiada 

pa 


mam 


190 


A  TOMATO  GROWER’S  STORY. 

One  of  my  best  money  crops  for  the 
last  few  years  has  been  early  tomatoes. 
I  use  a  selected  strain  of  northern 
grown  Earliana  seed.  Good  seed  is  very 
important  to  any  crop.  Seed  is  sown  in 
greenhouse  last  week  in  February  or 
first  of  March,  in  fiats,  sowing  four  or 
five  seeds  to  inch,  spacing  rows  about 
two  inches  apart.  As  soon  as  plants 
make  first  true  leaves  1  transplant  them 
two  inches  apart  in  bed  in  greenhouse; 
after  transplanting  they  are  thoroughly 
wetted.  No  more  water  is  given  from 
now  on  than  is  absolutely  necessary  to 
make  good  stocky  plants.  I  watch  them 
closely,  and  never  allow  them  to  crowd, 
as  a  forced  and  spindling  plant  is  no 
good.  The  next  transplanting  is  into 
four-inch  paper  pots.  I  have  tried  sec¬ 
ond  transplanting  before  potting  them, 
but  my  experience  is  that  nothing  is 
gained  by  it.  I  fill  pots  half  full  of 
well-rotted  manure,  firm  down,  fill  to 
within  half  an  inch  of  top  with  good 
rich  soil,  also  firm  down,  leaving  the 
half  inch  for  water;  if  filled  full  water 
will  run  off.  Pots  are  placed  in  flats  as 
soon  as  filled,  and  placed  in  mild  hotbed, 
which  has  been  made  beforehand  by  put¬ 
ting  seven  or  eight  inches  of  warm 
manure  in  the  frame.  Firm  down  well; 
if  too  dry,  sprinkle,  level  up  with  one 
or  two  inches  of  soil.  I  cover  with 
good  tight  sash.  As  fast  as  flats  are  put 
in  the  frame,  weather  here  not  being 
any  too  warm,  care  is  taken  that  no 
frost  gets  in.  I  cover  sash  well  at  night 
with  mats  or  shutters,  as  I  have  taken 
som*  chances  before,  and  have  been  hit 
hard  by  frost.  I  give  all  ventilation 
possible  on  warm  days,  so  they  will  not 
get  drawn  or  spindling;  no  cold  wind 
is  allowed  to  blow  on  them. 

About  May  first  I  shift  sash  and 
cover  with  cloth ;  on  warm  days  strip 
cloth  off.  I  find  cloth  gives  good  pro¬ 
tection  and  will  harden  them  in  good 
shape,  but  judgment  and  care  must  be 
used,  as  we  are  liable  to  severe  frost. 
On  cold  nights  frost  may  strike  through 
cloth.  For  extra  cover  I  use  two  or 
three  inches  of  hay  over  cloth.  About 
a  week  before  plants  are  set  in  field  all 
covering  is  left  off,  as  this  thoroughly 
hardens  them,  and  they  are  large  and 
stocky  and  show  blossoms  now.  I  give 
good  wetting  down  the  day  before  they 
are  set  in  field.  For  this  early  crop 
warm  gravel  land  that  is  in  good  heart 
is  used,  which  has  been  plowed  early 
and  dragged  several  times.  I  mark  rows 
four  feet  apart  the  long  way  of  field, 
and  three  feet  cross  ways.  I  then  open 
furrows  the  long  way,  using  my  celery 
hiller.  narrowed  tq  one  foot  wide.  This 
makes  .  fine  furrow  about  six  inches 
deep,  leaving  dirt  even  on  both  sides. 
Fertilizer  that  will  analyze  4-7-8  is 
dropped  at  cross  marks,  using  one  to 
1J4  tons  per  acre.  This  is  well  mixed 
by  hand  with  the  surrounding  soil. 
Plants  are  taken  to  field  in  the  flats ; 
they  are  distributed  at  cross  marks.  In 
setting  them  paper  is  torn  from  bottom 
of  pot  and  unrolled.  I  find  plants  do 
better  to  remove  pot  entirely,  although 
some  roots  grow  throjugh  the  paper,  the 
large  mass  of  roots  holding  soil  and 
manure  together.  In  setting  plants  in 
furrow  some  dirt  has  been  drawn  in  to 
mix  fertilizer,  and  will  leave  furrow 
the  right  depth  to  set  plant,  which 
should  be  a  little  deeper  than  where 
they  grew.  Enough  soil  is  drawn  to 
plant  to  cover  clump  of  roots.  Fur¬ 
rows  are  filled  with  horse  and  large- 
tooth  cultivator  going  long  way  of  row. 
This  fills  furrow  and  levels  off  ground. 
1  make  only  as  many  furrows  as  can 
be  set  in  a  day,  as  'Sun  and  wind  dries 
them  out.  I  fill  same  soon  as  plants 
are  set,  and  never  have  a  plant  wilt.  Tn 
about  a  week  after  setting  I  give  each 
plant  a  large  tablespoonful  of  nitrate 
of  soda  scattered  evenly  around  it.  I 
find  this  a  great  help  toward  earliness, 
and  think  one  application  better  than 
two.  Frequently  shallow  cultivation  is 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


February  IS, 


given  with  small-tooth  cultivator.  I 
keep  it  going  just  as  long  as  I  can 
without  injury  to  vines.  I  usually  hoe 
twice.  I  find  it  pays  to  work  them  often. 
As  soon  as  tomatoes  commence  to  ripen 
the  field  is  gone  over  often ;  in  this 
way  very  few  are  lost  by  cracking. 
They  are  taken  to  packing  house,  wiped 
and  packed  in  four,  eight  and  20-pound 
baskets.  What  our  home  market  does 
not  consume,  are  shipped.  My  crop 
last  year  was  two  weeks  earlier  than 
other  growers.  Although  there  are  hun¬ 
dreds  of  acres  grown  around  here,  I 
think  I  can  safely  say  my  crop  made 
between  $500  and  $600  per  acre.  Of 
course  my  expense  of  growing  plants 
was  more  than  the  ordinary  way.  I 
have  practiced  this  method  for  four  or 
five  years,  and  have  always  been  well 
repaid.  S.  j.  cook. 

Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y. 


Stock  Yard  Manures. 


J.  H.  X.,  Meriden,  Conn. —  Would  you  ad¬ 
vise  buying  the  manures  described  on  en¬ 
closed  circular,  or  high-grade  fertilizer  for 
garden  truck? 

Ans. — The  manures  mentioned  are 
pulverized  sheep  manure,  $18  to  $30  per 
ton ;  pulverized  cattle  manure,  $16  to 
$27 ;  shredded  cattle  manure,  $14  to  27, 
and  pulverized  hog  manure,  $15  to  $27. 
We  understand  this  is  the  dried  product 
from  stock  yards  shredded  or  ground 
fine.  No  analysis  is  given.  We  would 
not  buy  any  manure  or  fertilizer  with¬ 
out  a  guaranteed  analysis  so  as  to  com¬ 
pare  its  plant  food  with  that  in  chemi¬ 
cals.  The  Connecticut  Experiment  Sta¬ 
tion  finds  an  average  of  about  2.35  per 
cent  nitrogen,  V/2  per  cent  potash  and 
half  of  one  per  cent  phosphoric  acid  in 
pulverized  sheep  manure.  This  has  a 
value  of  $11  to  $12 — that  is,  you  could 
buy  this  plant  food  in  chemicals  for  that 
amount.  Of  course  all  manures  contain 
humus  in  addition  to  the  plant  food,  but 
the  price  charged  is  too  high. 


Save  25%  On 
Tested 


Field  Seeds 


Don’t  buy  field  or  grass  seed  any¬ 
where  until  you  have  seen  our  cata¬ 
logue.  You  would  hardly  believe 
how  much  lower  our  prices  are  than 
the  prices  offered  by  other  reputable 
seed  houses,  but  the  difference  is  great 
— in  many  cases  our  prices  aie  50% 
lower,  made  possible  by  our  location, 
our  buying  direct  from  growers  and 
our  large  operations. 

We  will  send  you  samples  of  anything 
you  want  for  comparison  or  examination 
by  any  experiment  station  and  guarantee 
quality  equal  to  samples. 

Large  fresh  stocks  of  CLOVERS, 
GRASS  SEEDS,  ALFALFA,  SEED  CORN, 
OATS,  COW  PEAS, MILLET, SORGHUM, 
RAPE,  potatoes,  vegetable  and  flower 
seeds  and  lawn  grass. 

Write  today  for  our  new  book,  “The 
Gateway  to  Success,”  an  extraordinary 
catalogue  and  invaluable  guide  on  farm¬ 
ing  and  gardening,  free. 

Wood,  Stubbs  &  Co.,  Louisville,  Ky. 


BLUE  RIBBON  SEEDS 

Prize  Winners  From  Kentucky 


Better  Seeds 
Lower  Prices 

If  we  did  not  know  we  liad  something  t letter  to 
offer  you  in  seeds,  at  lower  prices,  we  would  not  be 
so  anxious  for  you  to  have  our  catalog.  No  better 
seeds  can  be  had.— We  offer  them  to  you  direct  at 
wholesale  prices. 

Cnblmge  Seed— We  supply  seed  to 
the  largestgrowers  and  storers  of  cab¬ 
bage  i  n  the  U  nited  (States— pure  seed— 
ithe  kind  that  produces  cabbage,  sure 
to  head  up  even  and  hardj^uid  stand 
up  and  stay  green  in  ' 
storage  until  spring.  ( 

Cauliflower  Seed  —  is  Danish 
grown,  from  selected  heads,  screened  I 
so  you  get  only  large  plump  seed.  W  e t 
will  forfeit  §500  for  better,  truer  seed 

than  we  furnish  at  moderate  prices.  _ 

Onion  Seed— There  is  no  cleaner, 
truer  seed  to  be  had.  Get  our 
special  prices  before  buying. 
iCncutnbcr  Seed— Is  all  grown 
’in  New  York  Suite.  Aswliitcas 
chalk— no  seedsman  putsout  bet¬ 
ter  pedigreed  stock  at  any  price. 

_ Peas— We  grow  our  own  stock, 

hand-picked  and  cleaned.  Peas  second  to  none. 
Beans— We  grow  here',  hand-picked, 
screened,  and  graded.  New  York  State  beans 
excel  the  world. 

Sweet  Corn— Ask  the  gardener  or  the  can- 
ner  if  he  would  plant  western  grown  sweet 
corn  ?  Ours  is  all  eastern  grown.  Field  corn 
on  approval. 

Forrest’s  Honest  Seeds  are  second  to  none 
—and  at  about  one-half  the  usual  price. 

Catalog  free  to  all— drop  us  a  postal. 

FORREST  SEED  CO..  Box  32,  Cortland,  N.  Y. 


HARRIS’  HOME  GROWN  SEEDS. 


Storing  cabbage  for  seed  growing  at  Harris’  Seed  Farm — 235  acres  devoted  entirely  to  seed  growing. 

If  you  want  seeds  that  are  fresh,  true  to  name,  of  strong  vitality  and  of  highest 
quality  in  every  way,  you  should  get 

HARRIS’  SEEDS  direct  from  the  grower. 

We  raise  very  fine  strains  of  Cabbag’e^  Celery,  33eets,  Carrots,  Sweet 
Corn,  Peppers,  Tomatoes,  and  all  vegetable  seeds,  as  well  as  Selected 
Field  Corn,  Choice  Seed  Potatoes  and  other  farm  seeds. 

We  also  have  Grass  Seeds  of  highest  quality.  Alfalfa,  Montana  grown, 
extra  high  grade,  over  gg%  pure  and  free  from  dodder.  Soy  Deans,  Early  Yel¬ 
low,  grown  on  our  own  farm.  Vetches,  True  Hairy  or  Sand  Vetch  at  lowest  price. 
Write  for  Catalogue  and  Wholesale  List  of  Seeds  NOW,  before  you  forget  it. 

JOSEPH  HARRIS  CO.,  Seed  Growers,  COLDWATER,  N.Y. 


Every  American  Planter  knows  that 

Btirpee’s  Seeds  Grow! 

BUT — do  YOU  know  why  they  are  the  Best  Seeds  that  can  be  grown  for  planting 
in  191 1  ?  Our  address  is  W.  ATLEE  BURPEE  &  CO.,  Burpee  Buildings, 
Philadelphia.  Send  us  your  address,  and  we  shall  mail,  without  cost,  a  copy  of 

The  Leading  American  Seed  Catalog  for  1911,  a  bright  New  Book  of 
174  pages  that  tells  The  Plain  Truth  About  THE  BURPEE-QUAL1TY  SEEDS/ 


BEAUTIFULLY  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOG 

144  barge  Pages— Mailed  Free 


(  About  Natural  Size ) 


ESCHSCHOLTZIA  THORBURNI 

'  (California  Poppy) 

HARDY  annual.  Sow  outdoors  in  Spring. 
The  grandest  of  all  Eschscholtzias.  The 
unopened  buds  on  outer  side  of  petals 
are  of  the  deepest  crimson,  toning  down  on  the 
inner  side  to  bright  flame  color  and  molten 
gold.  We  will  mail  a  packet  of  this  valuable 
novelty  and  a  copy  of  our  beautiful  catalog— 
the  best  Seed  annual  published  in  America — for 
only  10  cents,  stamps  or  coin.  (Regular 
price  of  Seed,  15  cents  packet.)  Write  today. 

J.  M.  THORBURN  &.  CO. 

DEPT.  Y 

33  BARCLAY  ST.,  NEW  YORK 


NEW  SEED  OATS.  Big  money 
in  right  kind  ol  oJts.  Here'j 
your  chance.  Imported  Canadian 
seed  oats,  raised  on  Galloway 
Brothers’  big  farm  in  Canada. 
New,  clean  land.  Regenerated 
Swedish  Select  went  116  bushels 
to  acre ;  Early  New  Market  110  bushels  to  acre.  Farmers  who 
bought  this  seed  from  us  last  year  raised  as  high  as  75  to  100 
bushels  in  this  country,  and  iound  out  their  old  se-xl  was  inbred 
pnd  run  out.  Change  your  seed.  Try  some  of  this  new  seed, 
pend  for  free  sample,  or  10  cents  for  large  packet.  Will  also  send 
our  iree  booklet,  entitled  “Big  Money  in  Oats  and  How  to  Grow 
Them.”  Gailoway  Bros.-Bou man  Compa.  y 
662  Galloway  Station  Waterloo,  Iowa 


/"V  A  'T'  O  New  Victory  or  Rainy  Weather 
***  A  w  Oats,  extra  heavy  yielders,  storm 
resisting,  and  best  for  low  bottom  land.  Price  75c; 
sack  free.  Cow  Horn  Turnip,  25c  per  pound. 

SIEGEL  the  SEEDSMAN,  ERIE,  PA. 


Try  New  \  TPC 
Swedish  vC*.  1 3 

Government-endorsed  as  besv  of 
36  varieties.  Doubles  yield  of 
other  varieties.  Send  for  prices. 
We  have  some  specials  in  Peas,  Com, 
Onions,  Cucumbers,  Squash  and  other 
largely  profitable  varieties  —  all  Gre¬ 
gory’s  Honest  Seed,  and  guaranteed  to 
be  pure,  fresh  and  true  to  kind. 

Our  New  1911  Catalogue 

always  a  correct  guide  to  profitable  gar- 
deningis  largernnd  more 
helpful  than  ever.  Ask 
for  a  copy;  otherwise 
you  will  not  rc-  HONE  ST  - 

ceive  it. 

J.  J.  H.  GREGORY  &  SON, 

1  4  Elm  St.9  Marblehead,  Msss. 


Ciioicest  Clover  Seed 


Wo  are  in  tkeiiem  t  of  the 
clover  district.  Buying 
iliroct  from  the  farmer  add  selling  direct  to  you 
gives  you  best  quality,  clean  seed,  and. saves  you 
money.  Also  handle  Alsike  and  Timothy.  Sample 
free.  Order  now.  0.  M.  IS'  OTT  &  SOX,  "Only 
(Seeds— mostly  clovers,”  10  .'lain  St.,  Marysville,  O- 


FOR  SALE 


J— Canada  Peas, $1.85 bushel;  Alas- 

_  ka  Peas  $4.00  bushel;  Cow  Peas. 

$2.25  bushel;  Crimson  Clover  Seed,  $8.50  bushel. 
■Sow  Canada  Peas  and  Oats  in  March  amt  harvest 
a  crop  of  llay  in  May.  Onion  Sets  at  $J.25  pet 
bushel.  JOSEPH  E.  HOLLAND,  Milford,  Del. 


Try  our  seeds  this  year.  They  will  more 
than  please  you.  Foronly  10c.  in  U.  S. 
stamps  or  coin  we  will  send  a  regular 
full  size  packet  of 

Beet,  Improved  Blood  Turnip, 

Lettuce,  May  King , 

Radish,  Scarlet  Turnip,  White  lipped, 
Aster,  Queen  of  the  Market,  mixed, 
Sweet  Peas,  Finest  mixed,  and  a  copy  of 
the  best  Catalogue  we  ever  Issued. 

Remember,  these  are  regular  size  packets  and  should  not  be 
compared  with  those  sent  out  in  some  collections.  Send  for 
the  catalogue  anyway.  It’s  free  and  better  than  ever. 


M.  H.BRUNJES  &  SONS, 


1581  Mvrtle  Ave.. 
BROOKLYN, N.Y, 


N.  WERTHEIMER  &  SON 

Choice  seeds  bonghtdi  rent  from  tho  farmer  and  sold 
direct  to  the  farmer.  We  offer  you  the  choicest 
seeds,  doubly  .recleaned.  Medium  and  Mammoth 
Clover  Seed,  Alsike,  Alfalfa.  Timothy,  Crimson 
(Mover,  White  Clover,  Red  Top,  Orchard  Grass, 
Blue  Grass,  Lawn  Grass,  all  kinds  of  Corn,  Spring 
and  Winter  Wheat,  Buckwheat,  all  kinds  of  Peas. 
Samples  and  prices  sent  on  application.  *  *  * 

N.  WERTHEIMER  &  SON  LIGONIER.  INDIANA 


DDnniinCR  If  yon  keep  one  coworahnn- 
rriUUUbEn  dred,it  will  pay  you  togiow  the 
Old  Virginia  Ensilage  Com.  It’8  the  largest, 
richest  and  best  either  for  Silo  cr  feedingdry.  Don’t  take 
asubBtitute.  Ask  for  sample  if  interested.  Catalogfree. 
FORD  SEED  CO.,  Dept.  *4  Itavenna,  Ohio. 


The  confidence  felt  by  farmers  and 
i  gardeners  in  Ferry’s  Seeds  to-day 
L  would  have  been  impossible  to  feel  in 
I  any  seeds  two  score  of  years 
I  ago.  We  have  made  a 
1  science  of 

■  growing-^^BSsf  ,-j-  iW  £ 


expect  of  them.  For  sale 
everywhere.  FERRY'S  1911  SEED 
ANNUAL  Free  on  request 

D.  M.  FERRY  &  CO.,  Detroit,  Mich, 


1911. 


iei 


THE:  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


FALL  BEARING  STRAWBERRIES. 

Tlioro  is  to  be  a  “boom”  in  strawberry 
plants  which  give  a  crop  in  the  Fall.  Dur¬ 
ing  the  past  few  years  a  number  of  va¬ 
rieties  have  been  developed  which  actuallv 
give  fair  crops  at  this  season.  Opinion  is 
divided  as  to  whether  such  varieties  will 
have  practical  value  or  not.  Some  grow¬ 
ers  regard  them  as  mere  novelties,  while 
others  think  the  berries  will  prove  very 
profitable.  Our  advice  is  to  try  them 
moderately,  observe  their  growth  and  de¬ 
cide  whether  or  not  it  will  nav  to  arrow 
them  in  large  Quantities.  No  doubt  there 
will  be  great  attempts  at  faking  in  the 
sale  of  those  plants.  As  is  usually  the 
case  in  selling  “novelties”  some  nursery¬ 
men  will  rush  witii  all  sorts  of  trash  while 
the  "boom”  lasts.  Be  careful  where  vou 
buy.  The  picture  below  shows  plants 


young  man,  in  1885,  and  on  the  last  three 
trips  I  have  tried  to  investigate  agricultural 
conditions  and  possibilities.  I  )> •'  ,e  even 
contemplated  disposing  of  my  holdings 
here  and  buying  in  the  East,  preferably 
New  York.  But  my  farming  experience  has 
all  been  gained  in  the  West,  and  conditions 
are  very  much  different  in  the  East.  I 
believe  its  agriculture  to  lie  more  compli¬ 
cated  ;  1  believe  it  takes  better  management, 
a  higher  agricultural  education  and  greater 
natural  ability  to  make  a  success  of  agricul¬ 
ture  in  the  East  than  it  does  in  the  West. 
I  have  tried  to  make  a  comparison  of  condi¬ 
tions  and  possibilities  between  the  two,  help 
to  decide  where  the  chances  for  a  man  of 
ordinary  abilities  would  be  the  best.  But 
I  find  it  difficult.  These  competitive  tests 
would  help.  I  believe  in  the  contest,  as  you 
suggest,  the  East  would  easily  win.  Some- 


THE  NEW  PRODUCTIVE  FALL-REARING  STRAWBERRY. 


of  a  variety  grown  by  Samuel  Cooner.  and 
Mr.  Cooper  makes  the  following  statement 
about  them  : 

Cooper’s  No.  G,  now  named  “Produc¬ 
tive,”  is  a  new  seedling  of  “Autumn” 
crossed  with  the  Pan  American.  It  is 
imperfect  in  blossom,  so  has  to  have  a 
perfect  blossom  Fall-bearing  plant  set 
with  it.  The  foliage  is  very  dark  green, 
plants  very  large,  with  long  roots.  About 
100  feet  of  row  was  set  in  the  latter 
part  of  May,  1909;  plants  set  14  inches 
apart  in  the  row.  thicker  than  they 
should  have  been,  18  or  20  inches  would 
be  better.  All  fruit  stems  were  removed. 
They  bore  a  good  crop  of  berries  in 
August  and  September  of  1909.  In  the  j 
Spring  of  1910  about  700  new  plants  j 
were  removed  and  set  elsewhere.  The  1 
ground  was  smoothed  around  the  old 
plants,  then  mulched  with  basswood  j 
sawdust  and  allowed  to  fruit.  The  pic-  i 
ture  above  was  taken  July  4,  1910,  ! 

before  the  first  picking,  which  yielded 
24  standard  quarts  well  heaped.  The 
berry  is  above  medium  in  size,  light  red, 
bright  and  glossy.  I  think  it  is  the  most 
productive  plant  I  ever  saw.  After  the 
Spring  crop  was  harvested  the  foliage 
was  cut  off,  the  mulch  removed  and  the 
ground  well  cultivated.  About  Septem¬ 
ber  10  we  commenced  to  pick  the  second 
crop,  and  they  continued  to  bear  until 
freezing  weather.  The  cultivation  was 
the  same  as  is  given  the  common  va¬ 
rieties.  I  have  a  good  many  Fall-bear¬ 
ing  varieties  that  make  runners  fairly 
well  and  can  be  treated  the  same  as  the 
common  varieties,  only  remove  the  fruit 
stems  the  Spring  of  setting  plants.  I 
find  these  plants  more  productive  for  an 
early  Summer  crop,  with  these  advan¬ 
tages :  If  the  frost  kills  the  first  blossoms 
they  will  soon  blossom  again  arid,  bear 
fruit,  and  you  get  three  crops  in  two 
years  instead  of  one,  as  with  the  com¬ 
mon  varieties.  samuel  cooper. 

New  York. 


bow,  our  soil  does  not  respond  to  tie1  extra 
care  .and  fertilization,  to  the  extent  that 
it  does  in  the  East.  It  is  naturally  fertile 
and  easily  handled,  but  we  are  more  or  less 
subject  to  severe  droughts  and  hot  winds 
at  critical  periods,  which  very  often  entirely 
destroy  a  promising  crop.  However,  we 
usually  raise  fair,  if  not  large  crops,  and  by 
putting  in  a  large  acreage,  we  usually  do 
quite  well.  And  here  I  believe  is  the  diffi¬ 
culty  in  forming  conclusions  from  a  competi¬ 
tive  test. 


In  tlie  East  tlie  cornfields  are  small,  a 
few  acres  on  each  farm.  Here  it  is  easily 
possible  for  one  man  witn,  say  four  good 
horses  and  improved  implements,  to  grow 
40  or  50  acres  of  corn.  Many  do  better 
than  that,  besides  putting  in  anywhere  from 
40  to  100  acres  of  Winter  wheat  and  10  to 
20  acres  of  oats,  doing  all  the  work  them¬ 
selves,  excepting  during  harvest  and  stack¬ 
ing.  when  one  man  is  usually  hired  for  a 
period  of  from  two  to  four  weeks.  So  you 
see  it  is  not  at  all  uncommon  for  one  man 
to  handle  a  quarter  section  (160  acres  )  with 
very  little  help.  Of  course  all  do  not  farm 
that  much.  Many  only  farm  80  acres,  a 
few  more  than  160.  But  the  point  I  am 
trying  to  reach  is  this.  It  is  the  net  re¬ 
sults  that  count;  it  is  what  you  have  left 
when  you  get  through  at  the  end  of  the 
year.  Or  putting  it  in  another  way,  it  is 
tlie  producing  capacity  of  a  man  that  really 
counts  in  tlie  end,  so  we  must  not  lose 
sight  of  that  fact  in  forming  conclusions, 
especially  men  in  the  West,  with  little  or 
no  knowledge  of  eastern  conditions,  who 
are  contemplating  a  move  to  the  East.  I 
should  like  to  see  another  test,  or  a  series 
of  tests.  It  might  be  carried  on  for  sev¬ 
eral  years.  That  is,  the  net  results  or 
profits  from  small  farms,  we  might  say  one- 
man  farms  East  and  West.  I  say  small 
farms  because  I  believe  it  would  be  more 
simple  and  fair  and  give  a  better  average. 

I  believe  in  this ;  the  East  would  hold  its 
own  and  might  cause  some  surprises.  For 
against  our  larger  acreages  and  strictly 
grain  and  live  stock  farming,  it  would  have 
the  advantage  of  a  greater  diversity  of 
crops,  better  markets,  its  orchard  and  wood 
lot  products,  its  canning  factories  and  many 
other  advantages  this  part  of  the  West 
lacks.  I  believe  a  test  of  this  kind  would 
prove  interesting  and  instructive,  not  only 
to  the  participants,  but  to  a  great  many 
others  as  well.  Our  land  has  advanced  so 
rapidly  in  value  in  the  last  few  years  that 
it  is  getting  harder  all  the  time  for  those 
without  farms  to  get  one,  and"  not  even 
easy  to  rent  one,  so  that  many  are  looking 
for  other  localities,  where  values  have  not 
reached  such  a  high  level  and  some  of  those 
old  eastern  farms  look  quite  tempting  at 
the  prices,  especially  at  long  range.  My 
candid  opinion  is  that  an  average  man  could 
pay  for  an  average  farm  in  the  East  quicker 
than,  he  could  one  in  the  West,  from  their 
own  resources.  w.  s.  scott. 

Adams  Co.,  Net). 


YEARLY 

OUTPUT 

OVER 

6,500.000 


ALPHA 

PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
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20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


ENCOURAGE  TH] 


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Wheel  IIoo  Is  a  wonderful  tool — can  be  used 
In  various  unusual  combinations.  Saves  time, 
labor  and  seed.  Price,  $12.  Other 
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operate.  Recommended  by  | 
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to  day  for  75th  Anniver¬ 
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Box  I02-B 
Qrenloch,  N.  J. 


MARKET  GARDENERS’  PAPER 

Weekly  Market  Growers’  Journal — only  paper  printed 
especially  for  vegetable  growers,  $1.00  a  year,  52  is¬ 
sues.  For  10  cents  and  names  of  three  market  gardeners 
we  will  send  It  ten  weeks  with  our  popular  booklet, 
“$25,000  a  Year  From  Twelve  Acres.”  Send  for  free 
sample  copies — it  is  the  best  way  to  judge. 

Market  Growers’  Journal.  541  Walker  BItlo.,  Louisville,  Ky. 


“PRODUCTIVE  POWER  OF  A  MAN”. 

Eastern  vs.  Western  Farms. 

I  am  interested  in  your  suggestion  of  a 
competitive  test  on  corn  raising  between  the 
East  and  the  West,  partly  for  the  good 
that  would  he  bound  to  result,  and  partly 
because  I  think  the  East  is  not  getting 
its  just  difes ;  that  its  possibilities  are  not 
fully  realized,  not  only  by  the  people  of 
the  \T  est  but  by  the  eastern  people,  as  well. 
Being  a  native  New  Yorker  I  am  interested 
in  its  welfare.  I  believe  it  to  be  a  grand 
old  State.  I  have  made  five  trips  “back 
East  since  I  settled  in  the  West,  when  a 


NO  RIM-CUTTING 
NO  OVERLOADED  TIRES 


In  motor  cars,  one-fourth  the  tire  cost  is  due  to 
rim-cutting — one-fourth  to  overloading. 

We  have  perfected  a  tire  which  can’t  be  rim-cut — 
called  Goodyear  No-Rim-Cut  tire.  And,  to  prevent 
overloading,  we  are  making  that  tire  10  per  cent  over 
the  rated  size.  The  use  of  this  tire,  with  the  average 
car,  means  to  cut  tire  bills  in  two. 


These  patented  tires,  until  lately,  cost  one- fifth 
more  than  other  standard  tires.  Yet  last  year  our  tire 
sales  trebled— jumped  to  88,500,000  — because  these 
tires  save  money. 

Now  they  cost  the  same  as  standard  clincher  tires. 
And  64  leading  motor  car  makers  have  contracted  for 
Goodyear  No-Rim-Cut  tires  for  their  1911  models. 


Note  how  those  thin  flanges  dig  into 
the  tire.  That  is  what  causes  rim-cutting. 


The  126  Braided  Wires 


The  No-Rim-Cut  Tire 

Tli is  picture  shows  a  Goodyear  No- 
Rim-Cut  tire  as  it  fits  any  standard  rim 
made  for  quick-detachable  tires. 

When  you  use  this  tire  Hie  removable 
rim  flanges  are  set  to  curve  outward— as 
shown  in  t  he  picture. 

The  tire  comes  against  tlie  rounded 
edge,  and  rim-cutting  is  made  impos¬ 
sible. 

We  have  already  sold  half  a  million 
Goodyear  No-Rim-Cut  tires.  We  have 
run  them  deflated  in  a  hundred  tests 
as-  far  as  20  miles.-  In  all  this  experience 
there  lias  never  been  a  single  instance 
of  rim -cutting. 

All  the  worry  of  rim-cutting  all  this 
ruin  of  tires— is  avoided  forever  with 
No-Rim-Cut  tires. 


Ordinary  Clincher 
Tire 

Before  tiie  invention  of  No- 
Rim-Gut  tires  the  clincher  tire 
was  almost  universal. 

Witii  clincher  tires,  the  re¬ 
movable  rim  flanges  must  be 
set  to  curve  inward— as  shown 
in  tlie  picture— to  grasp  hold  of 
tlie  hook  in  the  tire.  That  is 
how  the  tire  is  held  on. 


This  feature  we  control  by  patent.  It 
is  tlie  oidy  .way  known  to  make  a  prac¬ 
tical  tire  witii  an  unstretchable  base. 
I  t  gives  us  tin-  only  safe  bookless  tire 
the  tire  that  can’t  be  rim-cut. 


The  Cause  of  Rim-Cutting' 


Tires  10%  Oversize 


In  event  of  a  puncture  the  tire  may  be 
ruined  beyond  repair  in  a  moment. 
Fully  25  per  cent  of  all  tire  cost  has 
been  due  to  the  ruin'  of  rim-cutting. 

How  We  Avoid  It 

We  have  invented  a  tire  with  an  un¬ 
stretchable  Mse.  We  vulcanize  into  the 
base  126  braided  piano  wires.  Nothing 
can  possibly  force  this  tire  over  tlie  rim 
flange.  But,  when  you  unlock  and  re¬ 
move  tiie  rim  flange,  tlie  tire  slips  off  in 
an  instant. 

When  tlie  tire  is  inflated  the  braided 
wires  contract.  The  tire  is  then  held  to 
the  rim  by  a  pressure  of  134  pounds  to 
the  inch. 

That  is  why  the  hooks  are  not  needed. 
Not  even  tire  bolts  are  needed.  The 
tire  base  is  unstretchable  —  it  can’t 
come  off. 


Look  again  at  the  pictures.  Note  how 
the  No-Rim-Cut  tire  begins  to  flare  right 
from  the  base  of  the  rim.  it  isn’t  con- 
tl&ulc<Vurt'her  up  as  is  tiie  clincher  tire. 

t  hat  fact  enables  us  to  make  No-Rim- 
t  ut  tires  10  per  cent  wider  than  rated 
size  and  still  have  them  fit  the  rim.  And 
we  do  that.  We  give  you  this  10  per  cent 
extra  tire  without  any  extra  cost.  That 
gives  you  10  per  cent  more  carrying 
capacity.  It.  adds  25  per  cent  to  the  tire 
mileage. 

That  extra  size  takes  care  of  the  extra 
weight— the  top.  glass  front,  gas  tank, 
extra  tire,  etc. —which  most  owners  add 
to  their  cars.  It  is  this  overloading 
which  causes  blow-outs,  and  this  extra 
size  avoids  them. 


When  you  get  a  Goodyear  No-Rim- 
ouc  tire  you  get  rid  of  rim-cutting  en¬ 
tirely.  You  get  a  tire  10  per 
cent  oversize.  And  all  without 
extra  cost.  These  two  features 
together,  with  the  average  car. 
save  iiaif  on  one’s  tire  hills. 
This  is  tiie  reason  why  tiie 
tire  demand  is  turning  so 
strongly  to  Goodyear  No-Rim- 
Cut  tires. 

Our  new  Tire  Book  tells  a 
hundred  tilings  you  will  he 
glad  to  know.  Ask  us  to  send 
it  to  you. 


THE  GOODYEAR  TIRE  RUBBER  COMPANY,  Fifty-ninth  St.,  AKRON,  OHIO 


[1171 


Branches  and  Agencies  in  All  the  Principal  Cities 


We  Make  All  Kinds  of  Rubber  Tires 


1D2 


February  18, 


Inter-cropping  Asparagus. 

H.  L.  Y.,  Barrington,  R.  I. — I  intend 
planting  an  acre  of  asparagus  this  Spring. 
Is  it  practical  to  plant  some  hoed  crop,  be¬ 
tween  the  rows,  the  asparagus  to  be 
planted  two  feet  by  five  feet?  There  seems 
to  be  too  much  good  soil  to  lie  idle  through 
the  season.  The  land  is  a  good  sandy 
loam.  Last  season  there  were  oats  and 
peas  on  this  piece,  which  gave  a  very  heavy 
yield ;  after  taking  off  the  hay  it  was 
plowed  and  harrowed  two  or  three  times 
during  August;  on  September  20  was  seeded 
to  rye,  1  %  bushels  to  the  acre.  The  Fall 
months  being  very  dry  prevented  much 
growth,  but  there  is  a  heavy  stand  of 
three  or  four  inches. 

Ans. — We  are  starting  an  asparagus 
patch  this  year  in  much  the  same  way, 
and  shall  plant  potatoes  mid-way  be¬ 
tween  the  asparagus  rows — fertilizing 
both  »crops  well  and  giving  good  culture. 
We  would  not  do  this  more  than  one 
year.  Plow  before  tbe  rye  gets  too  high 
or  you  may  have  trouble  in  making  fur¬ 
rows. 


Left-over  Lime-Sulphur. 

F.  A.  R.,  Turner,  He. — I  have  some  con¬ 
centrated  lime-sulphur  solution  left  from 
last  year.  It  is  flaky  and  has  much  sedi¬ 
ment,  and  did  when  I  received  it  from  the 
agents.  Do  you  advise  using  this  material 
next  Spring?  Will  it  need  to  be  reboiled? 

Ans. — If  facilities  are  at  hand  it  will 
pay  to  add  one  or  two  gallons  more 
than  enough  water  to  make  50  gallons 
to  the  barrel  or  51  to  52  gallons,  and 
bring  to  a  boil,  when  most  of  the  flake 
sulphur  and  crystals  will  again  go  into 
solution.  Do  not  boil  over  live  minutes 
or  you  will  increase  the  sediment. 
Whether  you  bring  to  a  boil  or  not  tbe 
mixture  will  need  to  be  strained  and  the 
clear  liquid  tested.  The  sediment  is  not 
injurious  except  that  it  adds  to  the 
specific  gravity  and  gives  a  false  read¬ 
ing  to  the  hydrometer.  If  there  is  flake 
sulphur  or  crystals  they  will  clog  the 
nozzle  badly.  Sediment  or  solids  of  any 
kind  can  be  of  no  benefit  to  the  mixture, 
and  one  should  not  pay  for  the  short¬ 
age  of  liquid  in  a  barrel  because  of  the 
room  they  occupy.  Always  insist  that 
3'ou  pay  only  for  the  amount  of  clear 
liquid  in  a  package.  Except  for  the 
flaking  of  the  sulphur,  crystallizing  and 
evaporating,  lime-sulphur  does  not  seem 
to  deteriorate  with  age.  w.  h. 


Fertilizer  for  Rye  and  Clover. 

ir.  M.  If.,  TownSbury,  N.  J. — We  bave 
about  17  acres  in  rye  seeded  with  Timothy, 
and  intend  to  sow  Alsike  clover  on  it  this 
Spring.  The  rye  doesn't  look  extra  good, 
and  we  want  to  top-dress  it  at  the  same 
time  that  we  sow  or  drill  the  clover  seed. 
For  the  best  results,  everything  considered, 
what  mixture  of  nitrate  of  soda,  muriate 
of  potash  and  acid  phosphate  would  you 
advise,  and  about  how  much  per  acre  would 
y*>u  put  on?  We  shall  buy  the  materials 
and  mix  at  home.  IIow  many  pounds  of 
clover  seed  to  the  acre  would  you  sow? 
Does  it  pay  to  spread  pulverized  limestone 
on  meadow  or  grain  ? 

■  Ans. — A  mixture  of  100  pounds  of 
nitrate  of  soda,  400  pounds  of  acid  phos¬ 
phate  and  100  pounds  of  muriate  of 
potash  would  make  a  strong  combination 
for  the  rye  and  clover.  This  would 
give  an  analysis  higher  than  the  average 
fertilizer,  but  the  plant  food  is  all  avail¬ 
able  and  will  force  the  ground  and 
grass  into  a  quick  growth.  By  using 
250  to  300  pounds  of  this  mixture  on 
an  acre  you  would  make  the  crop  jump. 
We  generally  use  six  to  eight  pounds 
of  clover  seed  to  the  acre,  depending 
somewhat  upon  the  condition  of  the  soil 
when  we  put  the  crop  in.  If  we  can  get 
it  just  right,  that  is  when  the  ground 
is  open  with  little  cracks  all  through  it 
on  top  of  the  frozen  surface,  we  would 
use  less.  When  sowing  in  the  mud  we 
would  use  more.  We  have  never  ob¬ 
tained  more  than  fair  results  by  broad¬ 
casting  lime  on  top  of  the  soil.  For  best 
results  it  ought  to  be  worked  in. 


Value  of  Speltz  or  Emmer. 

Can  you  tell  me  anything  about  speltz 
or  emmer?  Can  it  be  grown  here?  Seeds¬ 
men  are  advertising  it  as  better  than  oats, 
yield  larger,  straw  almost  equal  to  corn 
fodder.  Do  you  think  it  advisable  to  try  it 
in  this  climate?  Would  it  take  the  place 


THE  RURAL  NEW- YORKER 

Have  any  of  your 
w.  B.  D. 


Plant  Food  in  Peat. 


Want  to  Know. 


It  Pays  You  Big  to  Grow 
Berries  Like  These 

the  average  price  he  had  paid  was  at  the  rate  aifivc  cents 
for  three  berries.  Now,  such  prices  mean  big  pay  to 
the  growers.  And  this  practical  farmer  saw  how,  by  his 
own^efforts  alone,  with  a  little  help  at  picking-time, 
he  could  make  $2,000  a  year  growing  straw  liernes. 

That's  why  he  planted  an  acre  on  his  Pennsylvania 
farm,  and  why  he  put  plants  between  his  young  orchard 
,.ccs  .-to  pay  all  the  exjienses  of  the  trees  till  they  bear, 
msfkrmismilfi  now.  but  he  will  tell  that  it  could  be 
SiugM  over'again  in  half  the  time,  with  berries  sold  on 
present  markets.  Think  this  over,  then  get  busy. 

Our  1911  Book  Tells  About 
“Three-lor-a  Nickel”  Berries 

The  one  great  big,  vital  factor  with  Strawberries  b 
rood  plants  of  the  right  hinds.  Heavycropsoflngh- 
oolored,  rich-flavored,  solid,  perfect  lorries,  which  cm 
be  sold  when  high  prices  prevail,  are  the  key  to  success. 

Our  methods  and  conditions  make  perfect  Pj®n*s' 
in  our  test  field  seven  varieties  have  pulled  far  ahead. 
Our  1911  complete  fruit  book  tells  h°w.  and  why.  It 
is  almost  a  fruit-grower's  guide— new,  different,  mvalu- 

geMt. Y“r  HARRISON'S 

you  UU  what  /ftp"  '  NURSERIES 

ir/esyJu  need.  Iff  /‘Sk  Berlin, Maryland 

i  yaUr»oit^i  IF  V  )  l:f)l  Orlando  Harrison 


of  oats  for  poultry? 
readers  tried  this? 

Lin  coin,  N.  J. 

Lot  us  hear  from  our  people.  We  have 
tried  speltz  and  do  not  think  it  equal  to 
either  oats  or  barley  for  our  conditions  in 
northern  Now  Jersey.  It  is  well  liked  in 
the  West  as  food  for  all  kinds  of  stock, 
but  our  judgment  is  that  it  will  not  prove 
superior  in  the  humid  climate  of  the  At¬ 
lantic  Coast.  _ _ 

Green  Film  On  Water. 

Tell  F.  E.  G.,  Worcester,  Mass.,  that  the 
green  scum  in  spring  is  probably  caused  by 
the  light.  Put  a  cover  on  his  tile  and  see 
if  it  won’t  be  all  right ;  if  it  is,  say  so. 

Ancram,  N.  Y.  o.  T. 

F.  E.  O.  will  have  less  trouble  if  he 
covers  his  Spring,  as  the  plant  he  calls 
“green  film” — conferva — must  have  light, 
preferably  sunlight  to  grow.  . 

Mountaintop,  Pa.  mbs.  a.  p.  c. 

Tell  F.  E.  G.,  Worcester,  Mass.,  that  it  is 
a  very  easy  thing  to  stop  that  greenish  film 
from  gathering  in  and  around  his  spring. 

A  galvanized  iron  cylinder  will  do  no  good. 

I  have  plenty  of  boxes  and  tanks  from 
spring  and  have  used  them  for  years ;  have 
four  from  one  spring.  Put  a  cheap  building 
over  the  spring :  keep  the  sun  out  and  you 
will  have  no  more  film.  I  have  three  in  the 
shade  and  one  in  the  barnyard,  all  from  the 
same  spring.  The  three  in  the  shade  never 
show  the  least  of  it.  The  one  in  the  yard 
that  is  open  I  clean  out  about  six  times  a 
year.  Turn  a  large  box  over  it  and  have  a 
door  in  one  side  and  inquirer  will  find  out 
for  himself,  without  much  work.  I  have 
had  something  to  do  with  springs  for  40 
years.  Keep  in  the  shade  and  you  will  have 
no  moss.  G.  a.  b. 

i 

Putty  Making. 

Can  you  tell  me  whet  kind  of  putty 
or  cement  to  use  to  fasten  the  glass  in  the 
front  of  a  creamery?  a.  ».  k. 

Roundlake,  N.  Y. 

Make  a  putty  of  pure  whiting  and  boiled 
linseed  oil;  add  10  per  cent  pure  white 
lead.  The  sash  to  be  glazed  must  be 
perfectly  dry  or  no  putty  will  stick. 

_  c.  s.  M. 

Wages  for  Prison  Wardens. 

Will  you  tell  me  what  wages  are  paid 
guards  and  keepers  at  the  State  prisons? 

New  York.  T. 

Guards  in  the  State  prisons  receive  $660 
for  the  first  year's  service,  and  increase  ■ 
$80  per  year  to  8900,  which  is  the  maxi¬ 
mum.  The  position  of  keeper  was  abol-  I 
ished  several  years  ago.  c.  v.  collins. 

Sunerintendent. 


Is  there  any  plant  food  in  clear  peat 
ashes?  I  can  get  from  25  to  30  tons 
for  the  earting.  I  am  a  market  gardener, 
working  about  12  acres  in  vegetables,  open 
air  and  glass  (cold  frames).  m. 

Woodside,  N.  Y. 

Such  deposits  of  peat  vary  in  composi¬ 
tion.  We  have  one  analysis  of  peat  ashes 
which  shows  in  one  ton  almost  10  pounds 
of  potash,  two  of  phosphoric  acid  and  50 
of  lime.  This  is  not  much  plant  food,  the 
value  being  about  60  cents. 


Lumber  for  Dakota. — Can  some  one  of 
the  farmers  living  in  Minnesota,  Wisconsin, 
Idaho,  Washington  or  Oregon  tell  me  where 
I  can  buy  lumber  from  a  private  man  to 
build  a  house  and  barn? 

Bottineau  Co.,  N.  D.  H.  z. 


SAVE  MOHEYo*FRUIT  PLANTS 


Healthy,  northern-grown  stock,  which  will  produce 
money-making  crops.  Strawberry.  Raspberry  Black¬ 
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Every  plant  we  ship  is  guaranteed  to  be  first  class 
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You  can  make  big  money  growing  good  berries, 
but  >ou  eannot  expect  to  grow  good  fruit  by  planting 
and  replanting  small  inferior  stock. 

Our  plants  are  all  grown  on  new  ground  (this  being 
the  first  crop)  and  are  large,  heavy  rooted  and  free 
from  disease. 

We  grow  them  by  the  million  on  our  own  ground 
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_  twenty-two  years. 

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with  a  Fetzer 
Transplanter 


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Will  Yield  $500  to  $800  per  Acre 

THE  Kellogg  1911  strawberry  book  is  the  most 
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what  kind  of  soil  you  have,  this  book  will  tell  you 
how  to  prepare  your  soil,  what  varieties  to  set, 
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results.  One  acre  of  Kellogg  Thoroughbred 
plants  grown  the  Kellogg  way  will  yield  S500  to 
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STRAWBERRIES 

in  September  and  October 
from  one  acre  by  planting 
Kevitt’s  New  Pall-Boaring 
Plants.  This  1  guarantee  or 
I  will  return  your  money 
paid  for  plants.  Send  for  my 
catalogue.  Over  five  new 
fall-bearing  varieties. 

T.  C.  KEVITT,  AIHENIA,  N.  J. 


Waters  the  roots, 
leaves  no  hard  crust 
on  surface.  Every 
plant  lives.  1  man  and 
2  boys  transplant  5  acres  a  day  and  do  better  work. 
Write  to-day  for  Free  Book  No.  49  on  Transplanting 

TIIE  WM.  FETZEB  CO.,  SprineOefd,  IIL 


CABBAGE  SEED 

New  Enkhuizen  Glory  (the  world’s  best  cab¬ 
bage):  extra  selected  seed,  my  own  importa¬ 
tion.  direct  from  Introducers  in  Holland,  of 
this  truly  wonderful  Cabbage.  Lb.  $2  .jll.Oss., 

H5  cts.,  Pkt.,  10  cts.  1C  J.  W.ikelleld,  All 
Head  Knrly.  Burly  Summer,  Succession. 
Winnigstadt.  Surehead.  Late  Flat  Dutch, 

■n. ■  ■  Drumhead.  Lb.  $1.50.  Oz.  '.’(lets.,  Pkt.  jets. 

rlantS  Postpaid.  Write  for  fiee  Catalog. 

J.  AUG.  DRAKE,  Seedsman,  100  Main  St,  Chester,  N.  J. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  THAT  GROW 


All  Standard  Varieties.  Also  RASPBERRY.  BLACKBERRY. 
CURRANT  and  GRAPE  Plants  and  ASPARAGUS  Root#  in 
ASSORTMENT.  WARRANTED  TRUE-TO-NAME  and  of 
GRADE  represented.  Catalog  with  Cultural  Instructions  FKEb. 
C  E.  WHITTEN.  BOX  fij ,  BRIDGMAN.  MICHIGAN. 

Our  freo  Ixx’k  quotes 
lowest  price-.,  honestly 
describes  60  varieties, 
explains  C.  O.  I>.  plan, 
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berries,  blackberries,  grapes,  etc. 

A.  G.  riiOUNT,  Dept,  A.  Hastings,  N.  Y. 


PLANTS 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  for  Business.  Fancy 
Berries.  That’s  what  talks.  Leading  varieties. 
Catalogue  free.  D.  M.  TEETER,  Belleville,  Ohio. 


W‘ 


Strawberry  Plants 


Send  for  list  of  25 
varieties.  Strong 
plants.  Low  prices.  H.  li.  BENNING,  Clyde,  N.Y. 


JARFIELD  STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  for  $1.00  per  1.000 
Sen.  Dunlap  for  $2  00  per  1,000.  Catab  gue  free 
100  varieties.  J.  G.  PHESTAGE.  Allegin' ■-  Mich 

PLANTS  FOR  SALE— AH  varieties  of  Early  nd  Late 
Vegetable  Plants:  also  forty  varieties  straw¬ 
berries;  prices  right;  established  twi  i  ty  years 
Prce  list  free.  8.  C.  A  THE  It  TON,  Green  wood,  Del 

Strawberry  Plants-^rJTU™ 

at  $1.00  oer  1,000  and  up.  Catalogue  free. 

ALLEN  BROS.,  Paw  Paw  Mich. 


BEST  HEWand  STANDARD 


vari¬ 

eties 


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TRAWBERRY  PLANTS  only  $1 .50  A  $1 .75  per  OCO.  Illns. 
Catalogue  Free.  S-  A.  VIKDIN,  Hnr  iv,  Del. 


of  STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  at  reasonable 
prices  send  at  once  for  my  free,  large,  illustrated 
catalogue.  Eggs  from  PRIZE-WINNING  R.I. 
Reds  at  Washington,  Philadelphia  and  other  large 
shows— cheap,  and  I  Guarantee  Satisfaction. 

W.  S.  TODD,  Greenwood,  Del. 

Fall-Bearing  Strawberries  ^-superb®” 

Send  for  free  circulars  to  the  originator. 

SAMUEL  COOPER,  Dei.rvan,  N.  Y. 


STRAWBERRY  Plante.  Send  for  free  catalog.  Large 
stock  Miller,  best  red  raspberry,  only  $5  per  1000.  Also, 
eggs  for  hatching.  Pure  W.  Wy.  and  B.  P.  R.,  2*  eggs 
for  Sl-25.  Slaymaker  &  Son,  Wyoming,  Del. 


Strawberry  Plants  Descriptive  Catalogue 

Free.  BASIL  PERRY,  D.  18,  Cool  Spring  Del. 

STRAWBERRY  PLANTS— New  and  old  varieties.  Send 
for  new  Ulus.  Catalogue  for  1911.  Prices  from 
$1.50  per  1,000  up.  DAVID  RODWAY,  Hartly,  Del. 

STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 

!  We  have  selected  from  a  hundred  varieties  seven 
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I  Roots.  Send  for  our  price  list  of  all  kinds  of  vege- 

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j  Truck  Farm,  Caleb  Boggs  &  Son,  Cheswold,  Delaware. 


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wo  million 

Strawberry  Plants 

Every  one  of  them  pood  honest  plants 
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Guaranteed  true  to  name  and  variety. 
No  other  grower  can  produce  anything 
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Blackberries,  Gooseberries,  Currants 
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and  honest  descriptions  of  the  many  varieties 
we  offer. 

Write  for  free  catalogue  today  It's  sure  to 
make  and  save  yon  money  Don’t  delay. 

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Perfection  Red  Raspberry" 


r — The  best  ever. 
Ironclad  in 

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FARM,  Marlborough,  N.  Y. 


WHOLESALE  PRICES 


On  Strawberry, 
Currant  Asparagus 
High  Grade  Stock. 
tL  R.  WESTON  &  CO., 


Raspberry,  Blackberry,  Gooseberry, 
gus  and  Grape  Plants,  Heavy  Booted. 
19th  Annual  Catalogue  Free. 

R.  8  Bridgman,  Mich. 


CLOVER  *"»  TIMOTHY 

Cheapest  and  Best  Seed  in*  Known 

Alsike,  Clover  and  Timothy  mixed.  Fully  Vz  Al¬ 
sike.  a  great  bargain.  Most  Wbnderfol  hay  and  pas¬ 
ture  combination  that  grows.  Write  for  F r«e  Sam¬ 
ple  and  our  large  76-page  catalog  describing  this 
wonderful  grass  mixture.  Far  ahead  of  anything 
you  can  sow  and  ridiculously  cheap.  Be  convinced. 
4.  A,  Berry  Seed  Co.,  Box:.6o  Clarinda,  low  a* 


1011. 


193 


Is  the  San  Jose  Scale  Going  ? 

Q.  S.  P.,  Stratford,  Conn. — Have  any  of 
the  wise  men  discovered  the  reason  for  the 
disappearance  of  the  San  Josfc  scale?  M.v 
trees  that  were  badly  covered  with  it  are 
entirely  free  from  it  without  spraying. 

Axs. — So  far  as  I  know  the  San  Jose 
scale  has  not  wholly  disappeared  from 
anv  particular  section,  though  there  are 
indications  that  it  is  diminishing  con¬ 
siderably  in  its  virulence  or  power  to 
spread  and  to  injure  trees.  A  great 
many  persons  think  it  has  disappeared 
entirely  simply  because  the  trees  are  not 
wholly  covered  with  it,  but  if  an  expert 
looks  around  on  the  trees,  he  will  find 
some  scale  still  present.  I  have  seen 
in  a  number  of  localities,  however,  old 
apple  trees  which  were  infested  five  or 
six  years  ago,  and  which  I  thought 
would  be  dead  by  this  time.  Many  of 
the  branches  were  killed,  but  at  present 
the  trees  seem  to  be  taking  on  a  new 
lease  of  life,  and  are  making  a  good 
growth.  On  examining  them,  I  find 
that  almost  all  the  scale  Is  dead,  and 
•  while  there  is  some  of  it  still  alive,  it 
is  not  increasing  in  the  way  we  ex¬ 
pected  that  it  might  a  few  years  ago. 
I  cannot  ascribe  this  to  any  particular 
parasite,  though  it  may  be  the  result  of 
a  combination  of  natural  enemies  or 
possibly  the  climatic  conditions.  This 
will  be  welcome  news  to  a  great  many 
persons,  but  it  should  not  be  used  as 
an  excuse  for  not  taking  care  of  the 
trees,  and  I  believe  that  our  commercial 
orchardists  will  go  right  on  spraying 
just  the  same,  because  the  scale  is  not 
the  only  trouble  that  attacks  apple  trees, 
and  so  much  benefit  is  derived,  espe¬ 
cially  from  the  use  of  the  lime  and  sul¬ 
phur  mixture,  in  controlling  the  pear 
psylh,  leaf  blister-mite,  and  peach  leaf- 
curl,  that  many  will  use  it  anyway,  scale 
or  no  scale.  w.  e.  britton. 

Conn.  State  Entomologist. 


Growing  Potatoes  Under  Mulch. 

I  read  with  interest  a  short  answer  to 
a  question  on  mulching  potatoes  on 
page  98,  and  I  will  give  my  experience 
last  season  with  mulching  with  old  hay. 
The  potatoes  were  planted  in  the  usual 
way,  in  rows  36  inches  apart.  They 
were  harrowed  twice  before  they  were 
up,  to  keep  the  weeds  in  check.  After 
they  were  up  about  two  inches  we  put 
on  the  old  hay  about  five  inches  deep 
on  a  small  plot  as  an  experiment.  The 
vines  were  soon  up  through  the  hay, 
looking  strong, and  vigorous.  Of  course 
no  weeds  made  their  appearance  and  no 
cultivating  was  necessary  all  Summer, 
which  is  quite  an  item  in  favor  of  mulch¬ 
ing,  but  when  we  came  to  dig  them  we 
found  it  quite  a  job  to  clean  the  mulch 
off  so  the  digger  would  work.  The 
yield  was  very  little  better  than  those 
that  were  not  thus  treated,  but  the 
tubers  were  much  larger;  many  of  them 
weighed  a  pound  and  a  half,  and  one 
we  found  weighed  three  pounds.  I  think 
the  size  of  the  tubers  was  largely  due 
to  the  fact  that  they  continued  to  grow 
long  after  the  others  were  dead,  and  j 
until  the  frost  killed  them  late  in  the 
Fall.  We  shall  save  these  potatoes  for 
seed,  and  mulch  some  more  next  season 
for  the  same  purpose.  The  Nebraska 
Experiment  Station  has  shown  by  con¬ 
tinued  use  that  they  have  increased  the 
yield  45  bushels  per  acre  by  use  of 
mulched  potatoes  for  seed.  I  would  by 
all  means  plow  the  ground,  and  indeed 
we  find  that  in  a  stiff  clay  soil  it  pays 
to  disk  the  sod  thoroughly  before  plow¬ 
ing,  so  as  to  make  the  soil  as  loose  as 
possible.  c.  c.  m'curdy. 

Crawford  Co.,  Pa. 


Bone  Meal  on  Berries. 

Is  fiup  ground  bone  meal  a  sufficient  fer¬ 
tilizer  for  fair  soil  on  strawberries  and 
raspberries?  I.  m.  k. 

Virginia. 

No.  The  ground  bone  contains,  nitrogen 
and  phosphoric  acid,  but  no  potash,  and 
this  is  very  necessary  in  fruit  culture.  A 
mixture  of  three  parts  fine  bone  and  one 
part  sulphate  of  potash  is  a  good  mixture 
for  fruit.  In  case  the  fruit  does  not  make 
enough  growth  on  this  mixture,  nitrate  of 
soda  can  be  added. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


A  “FRIEND”  NOZZLE  FREE 

Read  the  Ad* 

THE  LATEST  IN 

SPRA  YING 
METHODS 

Demands  High  Pressure 

and  The  New  “Friend"  Drive 
Spray  Nozzle 


THOSE  who  desire  the  CELE¬ 
BRATED  “FRIEND”  EGG  may 
have  it.  The  drive  spray  nozzle 
throws  spray  20  to  25  feet.  To  meet 
this  requirement  a  power  outfit  must 
be  constructed  in  a  rigid,  solid,  com¬ 
pact  unit,  thus  producing  the  neces¬ 
sary  strength  without  loading  the 
Sprayer  with  cast  iron  and  leaving 
little  room  for  spray  solution. 

These  new  “FRIENDS”  will  fur¬ 
nish  continuously  more  pressure  at 
less  cost  than  can  be  obtained  else¬ 
where.  The  outfits  are  made  in  many 
models  and  different  sizes. 

Furthermore,  the  “FRIEND”  Co. 
have  thoroughly  standardized  their 
product  as  the  result  of  undivided 
attention  to  the  needs  of  the  Fruit 
Grower.  The  first  complete  Gasoline 
Power  Sprayer,  ever  built  was  a 
“FRIEND,”  and  we  have  continued 
to  improve  them  ever  since.  There  are 
now  nearly  1,000  “FRIEND”  Power 
Outfits  working.  252  sold  last  season 
and  150  of  the  500  1911  model  deliv¬ 
ered  to  date,  indicating  to  some  extent 
that  they  must  be  STAND  ARDIZED. 
All  parts  of  the  “FRIEND”  are  so 
accurately  machined  that  no  time  is 
lost  in  duplicating. 

We  now  have  the  largest,  best 
equipped  and  most  modern  plant  in 
the  world  devoted  exclusively  to  the 
manufacture  of  Hand  and  Power 
Spraying  Outfits,  and  the  product  of 
this  plant  must  bear  (in  action)  all 
that  the  name  implies. 

Naturally  the  Outfits  are  fully 
guaranteed.  Special  inducements  are 
offered  on  these  new  models  in  new 
territory. 

No  matter  where  you  live,  you  are 
not  too  far  away.  These  Outfits  are 
working  all  over  the  world. 


The  Original 
Tank  Filler 

Beware  of  imita¬ 
tions.  Sell  your 
Rotary  Pump'  for 
juulc  and  fill  your 
spray  tank  at  35 
gals,  per  minuty. 
Weighs  only  5  lbs. 
No  valves.  Starts 
instantly  without 
priming.  Place  your 
order  with  the  peo¬ 
ple  who  originate 
the  many  improve¬ 
ments  that  make 
fruit  growers  hap¬ 
py.  Special  intro¬ 
ductory  prices. 


The  “Friend”  Fig.  (1) 
Regular  Orchard  Model 

Features — Large  wheels.  Wide 
tires.  Easy  drawing.  Low  mount¬ 
ing.  Large  spray  tank.  “Friend” 
Propeller  Agitator.  The  CELE¬ 
BRATED  “FRIEND”  HIGH 
PRESSURE  Power  Equipment. 
Complete  Outfit  made  in  two 
sizes.  Hundreds  in  use. 


The  “Friend”  Fig.  (2) 
Hilly  Orchard  Model 

Features — Large  wheels.  Wide 
tires.  Easy  drawing.  Perfectly 
short  turning.  Low  mounting. 
Top  of  200  gal.  tank  3  ft.  6  in. 
from  ground.  “Friend”  Pro¬ 
peller  Agitator.  “FRIEND” 
HIGH  PRESSURE  Power  Plant. 
Equipped  complete,  ready  for 
service.  Made  in  two  sizes. 
Thoroughly  standardized.  Nearly 
100  working. 

The  1911  Model  “  Friend  ” 
High  Pressure  Engine 
and  Pump 

Features — 2}4  or  3J£  II.  P.  4 
cycle,  water-cooled.  Auto  type 
motor.  Jump  spark  ignition. 
Sehebler  Carburetor.  “Friend” 
Patent.  Double  plunger  (always 
in  alignment).  Double  acting. 
High  pressure  Pump.  Built  (de¬ 
tachable)  to  the  motor.  Note 
rigid,  simple  unit  of  construction. 
Built  in  two  sizes  (Regular  or¬ 
chard  and  Western).  Note  fol¬ 
lowing  special  features. 

Disassembled  Pump 
Cylinder  and  Valve  and 
Frictionless  Roller 
Bearing  Pump  Drive 

New  valve  seats  or  new  packing 
in  five  minutes.  DO  IT  WITH 
YOUR  CUFFS  ON  IF  YOU  LIKE. 
Packing  adjusted  by  screw  in  end 
of  cylinder  while  pump  is  work¬ 
ing  under  high  pressure.  The 
most  perfect  oiling  system  to  be 
found.  One  oiler  does  the  work. 
RELIEF  VALVE  operates  per- 
fect.ly  under  all  pressures.  New 

parts  applied  in  one  minute _ 

Your  hands  the  tools. 


Mounting  of  Engine  and 
Pump 

Showing  positive  drive  of  PRO¬ 
PELLER  AGITATOR.  Note  the 
extreme  small  space  required  for 
Engine  and  Pump.  The  acces¬ 
sibility  of  all  working  parts. 
The  extreme  low  mounting  of 
tank  and  power  unit  on  the  bed. 
The  adjustable,  quick  detachable 
Engine  cab. 


The  New  “Friend  ”  High 
Pressure  Hand  Pump 
Fig.  (15) 

Features — Rigid  Plunger,  al¬ 
ways  in  alignment.  Quick  ad¬ 
justable  and  accessible  packing. 
The  new  ‘•Friend”  quick  change¬ 
able  valve  seats.  All  plumbing 
discarded.  The  strongest,  sim¬ 
plest,  easiest  working  Hand  Pump 
made.  All  of  its  features  thor¬ 
oughly  tested  on  the  Power  M;  - 
chines.  A  100%  better  Pump  at 
the  same  old  price. 


“Friend”  Angle, 
double- ball  Shut-off 
for  spray  rod.  Can¬ 
not  leak.  Satisfac¬ 
tion  guaranteed. 


There’s  a  SECRET 
at  the 
Arrow  Point 


Thousands  of 
Up-to-Date 
Fruit  Growers 
are  saying 
“FRIEND  NOZZLES 
ARE  SUPERIOR.” 

Why  is  this? 

SIMPLY  because  they  G-ET  THRKE  An  IMITATION 
indicate  s  that  somewhere  there  is  an  OIUG1NAL.  Look 
on  i  lie  NOZZLE  you  use  und  see  if  you  can  find  l  lie 
MAKER'S  NAME  ard  the  word  •  PATENTED.”  The 
“  Fli  1END ”  is  the  ORIGINAL  law  Nozzle  doing  away 
with  the  cluster  “FRERND”  Nozzles  h  ve  no  HOKNs, 
no  HOOKS,  nothing  to  ditch,  drip  or  clog.  They  make 
the  finest  MIST-1. IKE  Spray,  driving  it  farther  into  the 
trees  than  the  cluster. 

l’rico,  $1.00  each,  postpaid 

nJifv  unl,er  ,h.R  leaves  and  down  into  the 

LALYx.  The  REGULAR  is  for  ordinary  work.  State  which  is 
wanted.  Satisfaction  ouaranteed  or  money  refunded. 

“FRIEND  ”  MFG.  CO.,  c“pn.wn5?&*  c° 


“REGULAR” 


104 


February  18, 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKEB 


PLAN  FOR  RECORDING  ARTICLES. 

As  a  reader  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  I  rarely 
find  a  copy  but  what  I  see  some  article 
which  interests  me  in  particular,  so  much 
so  that  I  will  say  to  myself:  “Now  I 
will  try  to  remember  that,”  and  to  be 
sure  not  to  forget  it  will  make  some  note 
on  the  margin  or  other  place  to  remind 
me  when  the  time  comes  that  I  want 
to  look  it  up  again,  but  I  find  this 
method  very  unsatisfactory.  I  presume 
I  am  like  many  others,  or  more  prop¬ 
erly,  there  are  many  others  like  me ; 
their  minds  run  in  certain  directions,  i. 
e.,  there  are  certain  subjects  which  are 
more  interesting  than  others.  These 
thoughts  have  suggested  to  me  that  if  a 
little  booklet  properly  lined,  with  space 
for  marginal  notes  or  titles  could  be  sup¬ 
plied  to  your  subscribers,  it  would  be  a 
source  of  great  convenience,  and  would 
be  the  means  of  placing  the  information 
sught  for  where  it  could  be  found  when 
needed. 

The  trouble  I  have  is,  when  the  time 
comes  to  put  to  use  some  information  or 
suggestions  which  I  have  seen  some¬ 
where  in  months  past,  I  cannot  find 
it.  For  a  while  I  made  the  practice  of 
cutting  out  certain  articles  and  pasting 
them  into  a  scrap  book,  but  I  think  too 


AGRICULTURISTS,  FARMERS,  CROPPERS. 

The  following  letter  was  sent  to  Con¬ 
gressman  M.  E.  Driscoll,  who  represents 
the  Syracuse  district,  by  our  old  friend 
Grant  G.  Hitchings : 

Hon.  M.  E.  Driscoll : 

My  Dear  Sir  : — 

I  write  you  to  protest'  most  vigorously 
against  "  the  enactment  of  the  reciprocity 
agreement  of  President  Taft  with  Canada. 
I  write  you  from  the  standpoint  of  a 
farmer.  Understand  me;  there  are  three 
classes  engaged  in  farming,  viz.,  agricul¬ 
turists,  farmers,  and  croppers.  The.  defini¬ 
tion  of  these  classes  is  as  follows :  An 
agriculturist  is  one  who  derives  his  money 
for  carrying  on  his  farm  outside  of  the 
farm  proper.  A  farmer  is  one  whose  liv¬ 
ing  and  money  for  carrying  on  his  farm  is 
derived  entirely  from  the  farm  itself,  and 
who  mattes  it  his.  business  to  conserve  and 
ini  prove  the  fertility  of  his  farm  for  the 
benefit  of  the  future."  A  cropper  is  (one 
who  takes  what  is  offered  for  his  produce 
without  knowing  its  cost  and  without  re¬ 
gard  to  what  effect  his  management  has 
on  the  future  productivity  of  his  soil ;  in 
other  words,  a  soil  robber.  In  this  im¬ 
mediate  vicinity  there  are  a  goodly  num¬ 
ber  of  farmers  who  are  earnestly  working 
for  an  uplift  in  country  conditions.  We 
are  handicapped  by-  agriculturists  and 
croppers,  and  now  this  proposed  reciprocity 
agreement  will  make  a  much  harder  load 
for  us  to  carry,  and  is  unfair  to  us  as 
farmers  to  compel  us  to  buy  from  manu¬ 
facturers  at  a  protective  price  and  sell 
our  goods  back  at  a  free  trade  price.  I 


SUBJECT  1911 
ORCHARD  CULTURE 

| 

i 

COST  OF  APPLE  ORCHARD 

4081 

33 

BROWN  ROT  PEACHES  8.C. 

408?. 

57 

LIME  &  SULPHUR 

4082 

4082 

60 

57 

POULTRY  SUBJECTS  &  C. 

POULTRY  MANURE 

POULTRY  TEED. 

4081 

35 

4081 

47 

RECORD  PAGE  FOR  MEMORANDUM  BOOK. 


much  of  the  paper  to  mutilate  its  pages. 
The  leaflet  shown  in  diagram  may 
explain  my  idea,  and  possibly  suggest 
something  to  you  which  would  be  prac¬ 
tical,  and  I  am  sure  would  be  appre¬ 
ciated  by  your  readers. 

A.  S.  PENDRY. 


SPRING  RYE  FOR  PASTURE. 

c.  IF.  H.,  Pennsylvania. — Can  you  in¬ 
form  me  how  Spring  rye  would  do  for  early 
pasture  7 

Ans. — The  remarkable  thing  about 
the  German  Spring  rye  is  its  quick 
growth.  As  to  Spring  pasture,  much 
depends  upon  what  is  meant  by  Spring, 
and  if  it  is  meant  to  sow  the  rye  in  the 
Spring;  if  the  latter,  the  ground  needs 
to  be  well  warmed  before  the  rye  will 
germinate,  and  then  about  three  to  four 
weeks  will  produce  good  feed.  If  the 
rye  is  sown  in  the  Fall  in  time  to  get 
out  of  the  ground,  and  a  little  green, 
then  you  will  have  pasture  within  two 
weeks  after  it  is  warm  enough  for  any¬ 
thing  to  grow.  I  sowed  a  field  early 
in  November  and  about  the  15th  sent 
a  man  to  see  if  it  was  up.  He  came 
back  and  reported  “No,  there  wasn’t  a 
sign  of  rye,  but  the  field  was  all  cov¬ 
ered  with  green  grass.”  This  has  grown 
perceptibly  during  the  January  thaw. 
The  factors  to  be  taken  into  account 
are  time  and  manner  of  sowing,  climate, 
and  late  or  early  Spring.  To  promote 
quick  growth,  there  should  be  a  good 
seed  bed,  seed  sown  (broadcast  and/ 
lightly  covered,  a  fertilizer  rich  in  ni¬ 
trogen  harrowed  in  with  it,  and  then 
the  ground  well  rolled.  For  this  kind 
of  covering  I  use  a  Hallock  weeder, 
and  I  use  this  after  every  rain.  Sown 
for  pasture  three  to  four  bushels  of 
seed  should  be  used.  I  use  a  drill  and 
drill  it  both  ways.  frank  hyde. 


realize  that  the  cost  of  living  is  high.  This 
is  not  the  farmer’s  fault,  for  he  does  not 
receive  over  33  cents  of  the  dollar  that 
the  consumer  pays  for  his  living  expenses. 
The  trouble  is  between  the  farmer  and  con¬ 
sumer;  there  are  excessive  prices  charged 
for  delivering,  too  many  unnecessary 
profits.  The  effective  remedy  for  this  is 
parcels  post.  The  kind  of  parcels  post  we 
want  is  a  department  entirely  independent 
of  the  Post  Office  Department,  broad 
enough  for  the  whole  country,  with  gradu¬ 
ated  charges  for  distance.  This  would  be 
fair  to  all,  and  hurt  nobody  but  the  ex¬ 
press  companies.  It  would  solve  the  high 
cost  of  living,  and  would  be  such  an  up¬ 
lift  to  the  real  farmers  of  the  country 
that  their  boys  would  be  only  too  glad  to 
stay  on  the  farms.  We  farmers  have  had 
tons  of  advice ;  we  demand  now  a  little 
of  the  real  thing.  Kindly  call  President 
Taft’s  attention  to  the  kind  of  parcels 
post  wanted  by  the  real  farmers.  The 
man  who  comes  forward  and  pushes  this 
plan  for  a  parcels  post  to  a  finish  will  be 
the  next  President  in  the  opinion  of 

GRANT  G.  HITCHINGS. 


What  A  Dollar  Will  Buy. 

The  report  of  a  friend  about  buying 
grapes  grown  in  New  York  at  15  or  20 
cents  a  basket,  tells  a  great  story  in  a  lit¬ 
tle.  It  is  right  and  natural  to  buy  at  low¬ 
est  prices ;  we  cannot  well  get  over  that 
idea,  but  see  how  much  the  grower  gets ! 
After  passing  through  several  hands  as  deal¬ 
ers,  each  to  have  a  small  but  sure  share, 
the  grower  mostly  gets  what  is  left.  They 
used  to  send  and  sell  them  on  commission ; 
that  is  ruinous  almost  every  time  and 
place,  and  the  low  prices  those  grapes  were 
sold  for  in  Naples,  N.  Y.,  left  smallest 
part  possible  to  the  grower,  so  much  so 
that  some  of  the  growers  make  wine  of 
them  to  realize  more  for  them.  The  differ¬ 
ence  in  price  in  some  things  between  the 
grower’s  price  and  the  retail  is  too  much 
in  many  cases,  but  the  producer  is  not  the 
one  to  make  the  large  part  of  it.  Meat  is 
the  highest  of  any  country  product  at  retail, 
but  when  sold  to  consumers,  it  is  high 
enough ;  somebody  makes  good  profit.  The 
retail  trade  seems  to  figure  well  for  the 
profit  end  of  it.  They  pay  here  .$7  per  100 
for  beef,  and  it  retails  for  15  to  IS  cents, 
which  should  prevent  any  loss  in  the  busi¬ 
ness.  Pork  is  $6.50  and  sells  for  as  high 
as  30  cents  when  in  bacon.  a.  h.  g. 

Kansas. 


Available 
Nitrogen 

is  the  thing  in  practical 
fertilizing. 

Nitrate  of  Soda 

is  the  cheapest  and  most  available 
form  of  Nitrogen  for  all  crops. 

“The  Cost  of  Available  Nitrate,”  Sent  Free 

It  is  worth  dollars  to  you.  In  this  book  Prof.  Voorhees 
shows  how  the  American  farmer  could  have  saved 
$17,000,000  on  the  cost  of  nitrogen  in  1909.  Address 

Dr.  William  S.  Myers,  Director  of  Propaganda  71  Nassau  Street 

No  Branch  Offices  NEW  1  ORK 


WOOD’S  SUPERIOR 

Seed  Oats 

We  offer  all  the  best  and 
most  productive  varieties — 
clean  seed  and  first-class  qual¬ 
ities. 

*Th e  New  Washington 
Burt  or  90- Day 
Swedish  Select 
Black  Tartarian 
Red  Rust  Proof,  etc. 

'‘Wood’s  Crop  gives  prices 
Special’’  and  our  De¬ 
scriptive  Catalog  gives  full  in¬ 
formation  about  Oats  and  all 
other  Farm  and  Garden  seeds. 

Wood’s  Seed  Catalog  and  Crop 
Special  mailed  free  on  request. 


T.  W.  WOOD  &  SONS, 

Seedsmen,  -  Richmond,  Va. 


ISBELL’S  SEEDS 


For  only  10c  we  send  five 
packets  FlowerSeeds  or  five 
packets  Vegetable  Seeds 
and  then  return  the  money 
in  the  form  of  a  Due  Bill 
good  for  10c  to  apply  on 
any  order  amounting 
to  50c  or  more. 

We  also  send  free  our 
large  104  page  Seed  A  n- 
■nual,  quoting  fresh, vi 
Michigan-grown  seeds  atvery 
moderate  prices.  Perfect  satisfac 
tion  or  money  refunded.  Send  to-day. 

S.  M.  ISBELL  &  Co.,  Seedsmen 

Box  40  I  JACKSON,  MICH. 


SCARFF’S 

SMALL  FRUIT  PLANTS 

1000  acres  devoted  to  the  growing  of  Scarff’s 
fruiting  strains  of  small  fruit  plants,  fruit  trees, 
farm  seeds,  garden  roots,  etc.  Our  free  catalog 
will  surely  please  and  save  you  money. 

W.  N.  SCARFF,  New  Carlisle,  Ohio 


- ONION  SEED - 

We  are  headquarters  for  a  full  line  of  Stras- 
bnrg,  Flat  Danvers  and  Yellow  Globe  Onion 
Seed.  Try  them  for  No.  1  stock.  Get  prices. 
- THEILMANN  SEED  CO.,  ERIE,  PA. - 


^ 1  /l  THAT  YIELD.  Our  Sensation  Oats 

IB  fcA  1  breaks  all  records.  Nothing  like  it. 

Also  SEED  CORN.  Samples  and  cat¬ 
alog  free.  THEO.  BURT  &  SONS,  MELROSE,  OHIO, 


EEDS 

IITHEWORLD 

PRICES  BELOW  ALL  OTHERS 

a  lot  of  new  sorts  for 
with  every  order  I  fill. 
Grand  Rig  Catalog  gBCE 
Illustrated  with  over  rnCC 


700  engravings  of  vegetables 
and  flowers.  Send  yours  and 
neighbors’  addresses. 

AY.  Rnrlrfnrri  lllinnii 


Famous  Tomatoes 

are  favorably  known  through¬ 
out  the  world.  Twenty-five  of 
the  best  aorta  were  introduced 
by  us.  We  grow  more  high- 
grade  tomato  seed  than  any 
other  seedsman  in  the  world. 

New  Globe-Shaped  Sorts: 

Globe,  Hummer  and  Corelcss  are  nearly 
perfect.  Packet  of  Globe  10  cts:  Hummer  10  ct*:  Corelcss 
15  cts.;  the  three  sorts,  one  packet  of  each  for  25  cts* 


Livingston’s  Superb  Onions 

We  grow  acres  of  Onion  seeds  on  our  farms  annually. 
Livingston’s  (Southport  White  Globe  5c  V  the  3  pkts* 
Private  Southport  Red  Glob©  •  5c  v  for 

Strains  (  Ohio  Yellow  Globe  •  •  6c )  10  cents. 


Beautiful  130-Page  Catalogue  FREE! 

It*s  the  finest  seed  book  of  the 
year.  Contains  more  than  250 
illustrations  from  photo¬ 
graphs.  Practical  cultural 
hints  will  help  to  make  your 
work  a  success.  Write  for  it 
today.  It’s  F-R-E-E  !  f 


^TCOFFEE^ 

D 

Salzer’s  French 
Sean  Coffee 

(soja  hispida) 

A  wholesome  drink!  The  healthiest 
ever;  you  can  grow  it  in  your  own  gar¬ 
den  on  a  small  patch  10  feet  by  10,  pro¬ 
ducing  5o  lbs.  or  more.  Ripens  in  Wis¬ 
consin  in  90  days.  Used  in  great  quan¬ 
tities  in  France,  Germany  and  all  over 
Europe. 

Bend  15  cents  in  stamps  and  wewill 
mail  you  a  package  giving  full  culture 
directions,  as  also  our  Mammoth  seed 
catalog  free ;  or  send  »  1  cents  and  get, 
in  addition  to  above,  10,000  kernels  un¬ 
surpassable  vegetable  and  ttowersecds- 

enottgb  for  bushels  of  luscious. different 
vegetables  and  brilliant  flowers. 

OHN  A.  SALZER  SEED  COMPAN 
44  South  8th  St.  La  Crosse  W 

□ 

“CORN  TALK” 


How  to  produce  a  maximum  crop  at  a  mini- 
mum  cost.  A  valuable  treatise  on  the  modern 
methods  in  t  orn  Culture.  Many  new  sugges¬ 
tions  invaluable  to  Coin  rai'-ers,  in  ibis  my 
revised  treatise.  It  tells  how  to  produce  100 
bushels  shelled  corn  per  acre  without  fertilizer 
or  manure,  and  at  the  same  time  increase  the 
productiveness  of  your  land.  Highest  compli¬ 
ments  upon  the  merits  of  this  book  received 
from  tlie  Agricultural  Colleges  from  a  number 
of  States.  FREE.  A  postal  card  will  bring  it. 


W.  OSCAR  COLLIER,  Corn  Specialist 
Easton,  _ Maryland 


SEED  CORN 

WING’S  IMPROVED  WHITE  CAP  will  out- 
yield  any  other  120-day  corn  you  can  put  beside  it. 
Improved  on  our  farms  by  ear  row  test  plots  for 
15  years.  3  acres  have  yielded  147  bu. per  acre. 

EXCELSIOR,  pure  white,  has  yielded  145  bu. 
per  acre  in  test  plot.  A  splendid  variety. 

WING’S  120-DAY  YELLOW,  FUNK’S  YEL¬ 
LOW  DENT,  and  REID’S  YELLOW  DENT.  The 
three  heaviest  yielding  yellow  varieties  in  Ohio. 

WING’S  90-DAY  YELLOW.  A  sensation  in 
very  deep  grained,  heavy  yielding,  very  early  ma¬ 
turing  corn 

All  our  corn  bred  by  ear  row  test  plots.  Write 
today  for  cataloe  and  information. 

WING  SEED  CO., Box  433  Mechanicsburo,  O. 


THAT  DO  HOT  DISAPPOINT 


orrno 

»■  I  I  ^  Sold  on  The  Ford  Plan,  which  guar- 
it  3  'lift  Hiitees  satisfaction  and  saves  you 

U  Baa  Ss?  W  money  on  every  purchase.  Our  cat¬ 
alog  tells  about  it,  gives  descriptions  and  low  prices  on 
Best  varieties  Garden,  Flower  and  Field  Seeds,  Pota¬ 
toes,  Bulbs,' Trees,  Shrubs  and  Small  Fruit  Plants.  Con¬ 
tains  lots  of  testimonials  from  our  customers.  It’s  free. 

CORD  SEED  CO.,  Dept.  34,  Raveumt,  Ohio. 


POTATOES  — Bovee,  Caiman,  Fortune,  Giant;  Hustler.  Obio^ 
Jewel,  murphy,  6  Weeks;  85  kinds.  C.  W.  Ford,  FiakenSjN.Y^ 


REST  SEED  POTATOES  fG. 

**  A.  0.  ALDRIDGE.  Fisher’s,  Oatario  Comity,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


THE  RURA.I>  NEW-YORKER 


105 


NEW  SEEDING  MACHINE  WANTED. 

Can  you  put  me  in  communication 
with  a  manufacturing  concern  which  will 
build  a  seeding  machine  especially  for 
planting  Fall  cover  crops  better  and 
more  economically  than  any  machinery 
now  on  the  market?  I  want  three  ma¬ 
chines  in  one — a  grass  seeder,  a  roller, 
and  a  dust  mulcher.  The  seeder,  in 
front,  to  have  small  hoes  or  disks  placed 
close  together;  in  the  rear  of  the  short 
roller  a  dust  mulcher — a  tool  that  will 
leave  the  surface  as  though  a  very  light¬ 
weight  weeder  had  been  pulled  over  the 
ground.  The  machine  must  be  rigged 
to  insure  the  seed  being  planted  at  a 
shallow  but  uniform  depth,  and  the  dust 
mulcher  must  not  work  deeper  than  one 
inch.  \\  e  lose  a  lot  of  our  clover  and 
Alfalfa  seed  by  the  methods  now  used. 
The  regular  seeders  are  too  heavy  and 
the  hoes  or  disks  too  far  apart.  On  our 
level,  sandy-loam  fields  we  ought  always 
to  roll  after  seeding  to  press  the  soil 
close  around  the  seed,  then  stir  the  top 
very  lightly,  leaving  a  dust  mulch. 
When  we  do  this  in  three  separate  op¬ 
erations,  it  requires  a  lot  of  unnecessary 
work  and  tramping.  A  special  machine 
will  cost  more.  I  know,  but  I  am  willing 
to  pa}-  well  for  a  machine  which  will 
serve  my  purpose  as  outlined  above.  I 
think  there  would  be  considerable  sale 
for  such  a  machine  once  it  was  intro¬ 
duced.  THERON  M. ’CAMPBELL.  | 

Monmouth  Co.,  N.  J. 

R.  N.-Y. — Who  knows  of  such  a  ma¬ 
chine?  Some  western  implements  de¬ 
signed  for  use  in  the  “dry  lands"  do  part 
of  this  work  well.  The  increased  use 
of  Alfalfa  will  make  new  tools  neces¬ 
sary.  Seeders  and  lime,  spreaders  are 
most  needed. 


.CO-OPERATIVE  FRUIT  GROWING  IN 
THE  HUDSON  VALLEY. 

Would  it  be  advisable  for  any  fair  num¬ 
ber  of  apple  growers  in  the  Hudson  Valley 
to  form  an  association  and  endeavor  to 
market  their  fruit  crops  after  the  plan 
followed  by  the  Colorado  and  Pacific  coast 
growers? 

I  can  see  no  reason  why  such  a  plan 
could  not  be  accomplished  in  the  Hud¬ 
son  Valley  if  it  is  taken  up  by  the  right 
men  and  in  the  right  way.  It  seems  to 
me  the  best  way  to  go  at  this  matter 
is  to  get  a  few  men  in  a  neighborhood 
who  are  good  growers  and  are  anxious 
to  put  up  a  good  honest  package  and 
guarantee  it  to  be  honest  in  every  par¬ 
ticular,  and  stick  to  it  till  the  question 
is  fully  tried  out.  It  is  my  opinion  that 
success  awaits  any  such  honest  experi¬ 
ment.  We  have  to  forget  the  past  and 
commence  all  over  again.  One  reason 
I  am  fully  convinced  such  a  plan  would 
prove  successful  is  from  my  own  ex¬ 
perience.  We  put  our  fruit  up  in  an 
honest  barrel,  putting  our  name  and  ad¬ 
dress  on  each  package,  and  give  a  per¬ 
sonal  guarantee  with  each  that  every 
part  of  it  will  be  just  as  good  as  the 
plate,  in  other  words  that  one  part  shall 
be  just  as  any  other.  The  result  is  we 
have  been  getting  from  $1  to  $1.25  above 
the  highest  market  quotations.  We  ship 
our  fruit  to  one  man,  and  buyers  who 
want  that  mark  have  to  go  to  him  to 
get  it.  I  have  no  fault  to  find  with  the 
commission  man;  I  give  him  an  honest 
package  and  he  sends  me  honest  returns. 
Much  has  been  said  about  the  honest 
package,  and  much  may  still  be  said; 
however,  it  seems  to  me  the  question  is  a 
simple  one.  Let  each  and  everyone  put 
up  an  honest  package,  such  as  he  would 
like  to  buy  himself  and  the  whole  ques¬ 
tion  is  settled.  lewis  l-  morrell. 

I  here  is  no  question  that  cooperation 
in  the  Hudson  Valley  in  fruit  selling 
would  have  as  great  value  as  elsewhere, 
provided  their  conditions  were  equal. 
In  sections  where  associations  have 
been,  and  are  successful,  fruit  growing, 
of  whatever  kind,  is  the  chief  industry, 
and  usually  excellent  mehods  are  the 
rule.  Neither  is  true  among  Hudson 
^  alley  apple  growers.  There  are  small 


sections  all  through  it  where  apples  are 
grown  extensively,  and  might  and 
should  be  more  extensive,  and  a 
minority  of  these  growers  are  putting 
out  the  finest  product,  but  also  the  ma¬ 
jority  are  simply  growing  apples.  The 
first  named  have  little  difficulty  in  get¬ 
ting  good  prices.  “How  shall  two  walk 
together  until  they  be  agreed?”  In  as¬ 
sociation  work  there  must  be  uniform 
products  easily  brought  together  and 
graded.  Under  existing  conditions  this 
is  entirely  impractical,  except  through 
neighborhood  cooperation.  When  gen¬ 
erally  through  the  valley  the  farmers 
grow  apples  according  to  the  laws  of 
apples  and  not  of  hay,  grain  or  live 
stock,  and  grow  only  a  limited  number 
of  varieties,  adapted  to  their  soils  and 
localities,  then  the  small  associations 
may  practically  form  a  large  one.  I  fear 
those  of  us  whose  hair  has  begun  to 
whiten  will  die  without  the  sight.  Let 
it  be  fully  understood  that  cooperation 
will  never  materially  help  a  man  who  is 
not  Lrst  willing  to  make  individual  ef¬ 
fort,  and  that  all  successful  associations 
have  been  preceded  by  such  effort. 
Many  a  man  sits  on  the  fence  and 
howls  because  he  thinks  he  is  not  get¬ 
ting  his  just  share  of  the  fruits  of  his 
labors.  Perhaps  he  is  not,  but  were  he 
to  spend  the  time  and  breath  put  forth 
in  howling  in  intelligent  production  he 
would  do  very  well  as  he  is,  and  if  he 
used  like  intelligence  in  doing  what  he 
could  to  promote  cooperation  in  selling 
he  would  help  to  create  conditions  favor¬ 
ing  such,  and  be  in  position  to  receive 
much  benefit  from  the  same. 

E.  VAN  ALSTYNE. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  got  a  quick  reply  aud 
"a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  20. 

HEREDITY 

Cun  be  Overcome  in  Cases. 


The  influence  of  heredity  cannot,  of 
course,  be  successfully  disputed,  but  it 
can  be  minimized  or  entirely  overcome 
in  some  cases  by  correct  food  and  drink. 
A  Conn,  lady  says : 

bor  years  while  I  was  a  coffee  drinker 
I  suffered  from  bilious  attacks  of  great 
severity,  from  which  I  used  to  emerge  as 
white  as  a  ghost  and  very  weak.  Our 
family  physician  gave  me  various  pre¬ 
scriptions  for  improving  the  digestion 
and  stimulating  the  liver,  which  I  tried 
faithfully  but  without  perceptible  result.  ' 
.  “He  was  acquainted  with  my  family  I 
history  for  several  generations  back,  and 
once  when  I  visited  him  he  said:  'If  you 
have  inherited  one  of  those  torpid  livers 
you  may  always  suffer  more  or  less  from 
its  inaction.  We  can’t  dodge  our  inheri¬ 
tance,  you  know.’ 

I  was  not  so  strong  a  believer  in 
heredity  as  he  was,  however,  and,  be¬ 
ginning  to  think  for  myself,  I  concluded 
to  stop  drinking  coffee,  and  see  what 
effect  that  would  have.  I  feared  it  would 
be  a  severe  trial  to  give  it  up,  but  when 
I  took  Postum  and  had  it  well  made,  it 
completely  filled  my  need  for  a  hot 
beverage  and  I  grew  very  fond  of  it. 

“I  have  used  Postum  for  three  years, 
using  no  medicine.  During  all  that 
time  I  have  had  absolutely  none  of  the 
bilious  attacks  that  I  used  to  suffer  from, 
and  I  have  been  entirely  free  from  the 
pain  and  debilitating  effects  that  used 
to  result  from  them. 

“The  change  is  surely  very  great,  and 
I  am  compelled  to  give  Postum  the 
exclusive  credit  for  it.”  Name  given  by 
Postum  Co.,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

Read  “The  Road  to  Wellville,”  in 
pkgs.  “There’s  a  Reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new 
one  appears  from  time  to  time.  They 
are  genuine,  true,  and  full  of  human 
interest. 


_|00  BUYS  A 
full  roll 

■  (108  sq.  ft.) 

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and  nails  complete. 

Most  liberal  offer  ever 
made  on  a  first  class  roof¬ 
ing.  Better  than  goods 
that  sell  at  much  higher 
prices.  Don’t  spend  a  dol¬ 
lar  on  roofing  until  you 
have  seen 

UNITO 
ASPHALT 


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About  “Ball-Band” 

Rubber 
Footwear! 

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highest  possible  degree  of  comfort,  wear, 
quality  and  satisfaction.  And  that’s 
a  good  thing  for  you  to  know,  too. 
For  crude  rubber  is  a  very  costly 
article.  And  the  unscrupulous  manufacturer  cheapens 
his  materials  and  workmanship  to  save  his  profits. 

We  don’t— and  we  never  will.  We’d  rather  make  one-tenth  the  prof¬ 
it  we  might  make  and  have  our  forty-five  thousand  dealers  selling 
Ball-Band”  goods  to  8,000,000  satisfied  customers.  When  we  have  to 
cut  expense  we  do  it  somewhere  else  than  in  the  manufacturing.  Our 
sales  expense,  for  instance,  is  only  one-fifth  that  of  some  manu¬ 
facturers.  Go  to  your  dealer  today  and  ask  for  “Ball-Band”  boots 
or  arctics.  Look  at  them  closely  for  the  RED  “Ball-Band”  trade¬ 
mark.  Chances  are  he  has  them.  But  if  he  hasn’t,  write  us,  men¬ 
tioning  his  name,  and  we  will  see  that  you  are  fitted. 

We  also  manufacture  a  complete  line  of  all-knit  wool  boots  and 
socks  for  outdoor  workers.  They  are  unequalled  for  warmth,  com¬ 
fort  and  wear.  The  “Ball-Band”  guaranty  backs  them. 

Mishawaka  Woolen  Mfg.  Co. 

MISHAWAKA,  IND. 

“The  Haute  That  Pays  Millions  for  Quality ’ 


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lee 


THE  RURA.Iv  NEW-YORKER 


February  18, 


BOTH  SIDES  OF  THE  MANURE 
SPREADER. 


In  looking  over  the  current  farm 
papers,  one  seldom  finds  an  issue  in 
which  there  are  not  one  qr  more  articles 
praising  the  manure  spreader.  As  the 
advantages  have  been  given  so  fully,  I 
shall  touch  only  lightly  on  that  side  of 
the  question,  but  shall  give  the  other 
side  in  full.  The  two  problems  in  agri¬ 
culture,  which  are  of  the  most  import¬ 
ance  at  the  present  time,  are  those  re¬ 
garding  the  fertility  of  the  land,  and  of 
the  saving  of  labor.  Since  the  manure 
spreader  is  one  of  the  greatest  aids  in 
both  of  these  problems  it  has  undoubted¬ 
ly  won  a  permanent  place  on  the  farm, 
but  not  on  every  farm.  In  regard  to  the 
saving  of  labor,  the  spreader  saves  time 
even  over  the  most  careless  hand  spread¬ 
ing,  while  if  the  attempt  is  made  to 
spread  the  manure  anything  like  as  even¬ 
ly  and  thinly  as  by  hand,  as  with  the 
spreader,  the  saving  is  considerable. 

Then  of  course  it  is  considerably  easier 
to  sit  on  a  seat  and  drive,  than  to  throw 
off  the  manure  with  a  fork.  A  small 
quantity  of  manure  applied  evenly  on  a 
given  piece  of  land,  is  equal  to  a  con¬ 
siderably  larger  quantity  applied  in  a 
careless  manner.  In  this  respect,  the 
•spreader  saves  manure. 

The  disadvantages  to  the  manure 
spreader  are  three.  These  are  as  fol¬ 
lows:  Heavy  draft;  expense  of  mainte¬ 
nance;  the  inability  to  use  it  during  a 
large  part  of  the  year.  1  o  take  up  the 
first,  the  light  draft  spreader  is  a  myth. 

A  manure  spreader  itself  is  no  feather. 
Then  it  takes  some  power  to  drive  the 
beater,  even  under  the  best  of  circum¬ 
stances.  It  follows  that  if  the  load  of 
manure  is  at  all  heavy,  the  draft  can¬ 
not  be  light,  even  on  hard  ground.  On 
the  other  hand,  in  mellow  ground  (and 
all  farm  land  should  be  mellow)  with  a 
heavy  load  of  manure,  containing  long 
rye  straw,  and  an  uphill  stretch,  it  is, 
lacking  a  herd  of  elephants,  almost  im¬ 
possible  to  move  the  thing.  The  writer 
has  often  had  the  drive  wheels  slip,  with 
all  the  weight  of  the  manure  and 
spreader  on  them,  w’hen  the  bedding  was 
particularly  tough.  This  has  happened, 
not  cnly  when  there  was  snow,  or  mud, 
but  also  in  the  Summer  on  a  meadow. 
There  are  two  good  methods  of  dispos¬ 
ing  of  manure.  The  first  is  to  spread 
it  on  the  land  as  fast  as  made,  the 
other  to  store  it  in  some  sort  of  a  shel¬ 
ter,  and  in  such  a  manner  as  to  prevent 
too  great  a  loss  by  fermentation.  If 
one  adopts  the  former  method,  there  will 
be  many  months  of  the  year  that  his 
manure  will  have  to  go  out  on  a  sled, 
and  unless  his  farm  is  an  exceptional 
one,  considerable  more  time  when  his 
ground  is  too  soft  for  good  results  with 
the  spreader.  In  addition,  the  cost  of 
maintenance  will  be  high.  This  is  due 
to  the  fact  that  the  spreader  is  continu¬ 
ally  soaked  full  of  the  liquid  part  of  the 
manure,  causing  a  more  rapid  deteriora¬ 
tion  of  the  machine  and  necessitating 
more  repairs. 

If  the  manufacturers  wished  to,  they 
could  lower  the  repair  bill  to  a  marked 
extent.  Seeing  that  their  piofits  on  re¬ 
pairs  are  probably  well  over  100  per 
cent.,  while  they  have  a  monopoly  on 
the  parts,  it  is  to  their  advantage  to  sell 
as  many  as  possible.  If  prospective  cus¬ 
tomers  would  consult  the  price  list  of 
repairs,  this  might  be  changed,  but  no 
one  is  very  like  to  do  this.  I  did  not. 
My  manure  spreader  experience  may  be 
instructive.  Two  years  and  three 
months  ago  I  bought  a  40-bushel 
spreader.  It  was  not  entirely  new,  hav¬ 
ing  been  in  the  hands  of  the  agent  for 
about  a  year,  and  having  stood  outdoors 
almost  all  of  this  time,  but  it  had  never 
been  used.  It  is  of  a  make  that  has  the 
reputation  of  being  the  best.  Inside  of  a 
year  I  had  to  get  four  slats  for  the 
apron,  several  links  for  the  apron  return 
chain,  and  a  number  of  those  that  are 
riveted  to  the  apron  slats,  forming  the 
two  side  apron  chains.  It  being  inside  of 


one  year,  I  did  not  have  to  pay  for  them, 
but  had  to  pay  the  express  charges  on 
them,  which,  according  to  the  usual  pol¬ 
icy  of  the  express  companies,  were  of 
course  modest.  During  the  first  Winter 
we  used  it  most  of  the  time,  as  there 
was  exceptionally  little  snow.  Last 
Summer  I  had  to  have  some  more  re¬ 
pairs,  and  as  they  were  the  same  ones 
as  before,  I  thought  I  might  as  well  lay 
in  a  supply  of  them.  I  therefore  or¬ 
dered  six  slats  and  a  dozen  links.  The 
bill  was  only  $3  fof  about  six  pounds  of 
cast  malleable  iron,  and  five  board  feet 
of  soft  wood.  Having  by  this  time  got 
wise,  I  did  not  order  the  apron  return 
chain,  which  my  man  had  lost,  at  four 
times  the  price  that  it  cost  me  at  a  mail 
order  house.  These  slats  could  be  made 
many  times  as  durable  if  they  were  made 
of  cypress,  and  soaked  full  of  hot  lin¬ 
seed  oil.  The  links  could  also  be  made 
in  such  a  manner  as  not  to  rust  together 
in  spite  of  all  the  oil  that  one  can  soak 
onto  the  outside  of  them,  if  it  was  to 
the  advantage  of  the  manufacturer.  That 
same  Fall,  owing  to  a  defective  casting 
having  been  put  into  the  machine,  I 
broke  the  driving  sprocket,  for  which 
I  had  the  pleasure  of  paying  $5.  Just 
in  passing  it  may  be  remarked  that  it  is 
no  dress  suit  job  to  repair  a  manure- 
soaked  old  spreader.  Last  Winter,  and 
so  far  this  Winter,  besides  a  large  part 
of  each  Spring  and  Fall,  it  has  been  im¬ 
possible  to  use  the  spreader  at  all.  This 
is  the  worst,  as  this  is  the  very  time 
when  the  most  manure  is  made.  I  could 
stand  the  expense  and  bother,  if  half  of 
my  manure  did  not  have  to  go  out  in  the 
old  way  anyway. 

If  one  stores  his  manure,  it  is  doubt¬ 
ful  whether  he  can  afford  to  buy  a 
spreader,  if  there  is  one  in  his  neighbor¬ 
hood  which  can  be  rented.  The  usual 
charge  is  a  dollar  a  day.  The  interest 
on  the  investment  alone,  without  repairs 
or  depreciation  will  amount  to  $6,  and 
one  must  have  a  good  deal  of  manure, 
or  a  long  haul,  not  to  be  able  to  get  it 
out  in  a  week  with  a  spreader  and  an 
extra  man  to  help  load.  If  one  then 
adds  to  the  $6,  $10  for  depreciation,  and 
something  for  repairs,  he  will  have  quite 
a  large  margin.  This  is  more  especially 
true  if  the  Winter’s  manure  is  hauled 
out  on  a  sled,  to  be  plowed  under,  leav¬ 
ing  only  about  half  to  be  disposed  of 
otherwise. 

With  a  given  amount  of  money  to  be 
invested,  either  in  a  manure  shed  and 
carrier,  or  a  spreader,  I  should  invest 
in  the  former  if  there  was  a  spreader  to 
be  had  in  the  neighborhood.  With  a 
sufficiently  large  quantity  of  stock,  I 
should  have  a  spreader  in  spite  of  the 
repairs,  and  haul  out  the  manure  when¬ 
ever  possible,  as  made.  Then  I  should 
have  a  shed,  too,  if  I  could  afford  it. 
With  a  small  quantity  of  stock  and  no 
spreader  in  the  neighborhood,  I  should 
try  to  interest  some  neighbor,  if  possible, 
to  go  in  with  me.  If  this  were  impos 
sible,  I  should  go  without,  for  it  is  not 
use,  but  rust  and  decay  that  spoils  a 
spreader,  and  one  will  rot  about  as 
quickly  if  soaked  with  the  manure  from 
six  cows,  as  it  will  with  that  from 
twenty.  It  might  be  possible  to  buy  one, 
and  rent  it  out  enough  to  pay  for  the 
expenses,  but  I  should  find  out  before 
I  bought  one.  albert  h.  de  graff. 
Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y. 


DIBBLE’S  FARM  SEEDS 

arc  in  a  class  by  themselves,  the  best  obtainable  on  the  American  market,  and 
the  price  is  no  more  than  paid  for  the  ordinary  grades  of  commerce. 

Dibble’s  Best  (D.  B.)  brand  Alfalfa,  Alsike,  Medium,  Mammoth  Clover  and 
Timothy  are  "best  by  test.  One  hundred  samples  recently  analyzed,  tested 
from  99.604  to  99.984  pure,  which  is  practically 

i00%  Pure 

r%  ILLLE  r>  J  ntc  are  largely  raised  on  our  own  seed  farms, 

UlDDle  §  where  we  grow  around  10,000  bushels 

■  11  annually.  These  varieties  are  the  best 

kinds  for  the  Middle  and  Eastern  States,  are  thoroughly  weeded  while  growing,  recleaned 
TWICE  over  our  special  recleaner,  which  has  a  screen  surface  of  three  and  one-haif 
by  fifteen  feet,  and  therefore  are  the  best  and  cheapest  that  money  can  buy,  as  we  ship 
direct  from  our  seed  farms  to  yours. 

Dibble’s  Seed  Corn 

■  auapueu  to  tut*  otiti/us,  uoui  lor 

crop  and  the  silo.  We  raise  over  100  acres  on  our  Seed  Farms  each  year,  and  the  field 
test  tells  the  story.  Ears  are  carefully  selected,  hand  picked  and  thoroughly  tested. 
Fifty  samples  show  vitality  of  from  954  to  984.  although  a  number  of  our  customers 
report  that  "every  kernel  grew,”  which  would  be 


consists  of  four  varieties,  both  flint  and 
dent,  that  we  have  found  to  be  best 
adapted  to  the  Eastern  States,  both  for 

..  n  _  .1  _  .  _  _ _ _ J  <.1 _ i)  j 


VI  J  ~  ’  - - ~ —  ••  - - — 

Germination  100% 


appress- 


ED  WARD  F.  DIBBLE,  Seedgrower,  Box  B,  Honeoye  Falls,  N.  Y. 


CATALPA 


SPECIOSA  TREES 


Mine  are  true  to  name. 

. . . . . . Free  booklet  tells  all 

about  the  150  acres  I  am  growing  for  telephone 
poles.  H.  C.  ROGERS,  Box  111,  Mechanicsburg,  0. 


5  Paint  Is  Cheaper 
Than  New 

Buildings 

You  know  how 
quickly  a  building 
that  never  saw  paint 
goes  to  rack  and  ruin. 

The  boards  rot 
around  the  nails, they 
crack  and  warp. 

Only  constant  re¬ 
pair  keeps  the  build¬ 
ing  standing. 

An  occasional  coat  of  good  paint  made  with 

“Dutch  Boy  Painter” 

White  Lead 

and  real  linseed  oil  will  save  your  buildings 
and  reduce  repair,  to  say  nothing  of  im¬ 
proving  the  looks  of  the  place. 

Decide  to  use  "Dutch  Boy  Painter”  White 
Lead  this  spring.*  It’s  a  mighty  good  investment. 
Write  .for  our  “Helps  No  so*  ’  ivhich  will  tell 
you  why .  how,  with  what  and  when  to  paint. 

National  Lead  Company 

New  York  Cleveland  Chicago 

St.  Louis  Boston  Buffalo 

Cindnnati  San  Francisco 
John  T.  Lewis  A  Bros.  Co.,  Philadelphia 
National  Lead  &  Oil  Co..  Pittsburgh 


t 

s 


iuaranteedTreei 

t  Wholesale  Price 


liuy  Direct  from  Us  and  Save  Money! 

All  stock  of  High  Quality  and  Genesee 
Valley  Grown,  where  Scale  is  unknown. 

12  PEAR  TREES,  $1 

3  Bartlett,  2  Flemish,  3  Keiffer,  1  Clapp’s,  1  Wilder, 
1  Sheldon,  1  SerkoL 
True  to  Name  or  Money  Back. 

Write  now  for  Free  Catalogue  of  Complete  Line. 

Reilly  Bros.  Nurseries,  1027  Reilly  Rd.,  Dansville,  N  Y 


I 

■ 


FRUIT  TDCCC  Apples,  Pears,  Plams, Cherries, 
I*  Bill  I  1  I  nLLu  Peaches,  SmaU  Fruits,  Shrubs, 
Roses.  Finest  Stock.  Low 
Prices.  Free  Catalogue.  Write  us  before  you  buy. 

J.  Faerber  Frultland  Nurseries.  303  Wlnton  Rd.N.,Roohester,N.Y, 


ITT  1  \  TFf-i  T~*  T'V  a  few  good  customers  for 

W  ANTEDx;^;,- 

V/e  want  your  custom  and  you  want  our  goods. 
Send  for  our  FREE  catalog. 

The  Rochester  Nurseries,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


CRAPE 

VINES 

can  be  bought  right  this  year.  Send  us  a 
memorandum  of  your  wants  for  prices. 

MINER  &  MINER 

Grape  Vine  Growers,  Sheridan,  /V.  V. 


Top-dressing  Alfalfa. 

I  read  the  letter  from  M.,  West  Virginia, 
and  the  answer  to  same.  Mr.  F.  L.  Allen’s 
advice  is  correct,  only  lie  says  Alfalfa  can¬ 
not  be  grown  on  ground  that  freezes  and 
heaves.  I  have  been  able  to  do  so,  but  I 
top-dress  with  manure  as  soon  as  the 
ground  is  frozen  so  it  will  not  cut  through 
with  the  wagon,  or,  if  we  happen  to  get 
snow,  so  much  the  better — spread  it  on  the 
snow.  By  doing  this  the  first  two  Winters 
I  find  the  Alfalfa  will  take  care  of  itself 
after  that.  Mr.  Allen’s  way  is  the  proper 
way,  but  if  one  cannot  drain  his  land  it 
can  be  grown  with  top-dressing  the  first 
two  Winters.  It  is  worth  going  to  extra 
trouble  to  grow.  e.  n.  g. 

Knox,  Pa. 


SAW  your  own 
wood 
and  save 
time,  coal  and 
money;  or  saw 
your  neighbors 
wood  and 

MAKE 
$5  TO  $15 
A  DAY 

Hundreds  are  doing  it  with  an  Appleton  Wood  Saw, 
Why  not  you?  We  make  six  styles — steel  or  wooden 
frames — and  if  desired  will  mount  the  saw  frame  on 
a  substantial  4-wheel  truck  on  which  you  can  also 
mount  your  gasoline  engine  and  thus  have  a 

PORTABLE  WOOD  SAWING  RIG 

that  is  unequalled  in  effective  work  and  profitable 
operation. 

Wc  make  the  celebrated  Hero  Friction  Feed  Drag 
Saw  also,  and  complete  lines  of  feed  grinders,  corn 
shellers,  corn  buskers,  fodder  cutters,  manure  spread¬ 
ers.  horse  powers,  windmills,  etc.  Ask  for  our  F ree 

Catalogue. 

27  Fargo  Street 
■  Batavia,  111.  U.S.A; 


Appleton  Mfg.  Co. 


BEAUTIFY  YOUR  HOME 

GROUNDS  WITH  A  PRIVET  HEDGE 

I  w  ill  sell  you  enough  good,  strong,  heavily  rooted 
California  Privet  hedge  plants  to  go  around  your 
home  grounds,  planted  six  inches  apart,  for  9c  per 
yard,  packed  to  carry  anywhere,  delivered  to  It.  It. 
station  at  Salisbury,  Md.  Measure  distance  around 
your  grounds,  see  how  little  it  costs  and  send  your 
order  tow.  F.  ALLEN,  Salisbury,  Maryland. 


iliS  GRAPEVINES 

6!t  Varfetle*.  Also  Small  Frnlt*.  Tree*,  etc.  Best  Root¬ 
ed  Stock,  Genuine,  cheap,  2  sample  vine,  mailed  for  10c.  Desc. 

price-list  free.  LKnlS  HOESCIt  A  SON.  Bo,  K,  Kredonla,  S.  1. 

FRUIT  TREES  and  PLANTS 

At  prices  that  will  astonish  you.  Send  for  Whole¬ 
sale  Price  List  and  Lithographs.  Several  good 
collections  cheap.  We  have  a  complete  assortment 
in  all  varieties  of  fruit  trees  and  plants.  Special 
Strawberry  Catalog.  Headquarters  for  the  Old- 
Fashioned  Sweet  Cherry.  No  crooked  or  inferior 
stock  sold  at  any  price.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
L’AMORFAUX  NURSERY  CO.,  Schoharie,  N.  Y. 


Argenteuii  Asparagus  Roots  offffis,  {JJSS 

-*•  n.  j. 


Seed  Corn 

OKK  CENT  SAVES  $  $  $  , 

Have  you  seen  our  prices  ?  If  not,  you  had  better 
invest  one  cent  in  a  postal  card  and  get  our  free 
Descriptive  Catalogue.  There  is  a  difference  m 
prices.  Our  Seed  Corn  is  all  F.astern  grown— and 
guaranteed  to  give  satisfaction.  IV  e  will  save  you 
S  S  S  on  that  seed  bill — one  cent — one  postal  card. 
Send  it  to 

FOKKEST  SF.KI>  CO.,  Cortland,  >.  *  • 


BERRY  BUSHES 

Marlboro,  Cuthbert,  King,  Hnby  Ke<l  Rasp- 
b«*rrv.  Plum  Farmer.  Kansas,  Cumberland,  con* 
roth  Gregg,  Hoosier  (New)  ■  hick  Cap.  Stowers, 
Yard  Eldorado.  Snyder.  Me  sereau.  Erie  lilaek- 
berry.  Downing,  Pearl.  Industry  Gooseberry. 
Cherry.  Fays.  Pro,  Wilder  Red  Cross.  Diploma, 
I  ondon  Mkt .  Pomona  Perfection,  White  Grape, 
Hlack  Champion,  Currant.  Grapevines,  also 
Annie.  Pear.  Plum,  Cherry  at  low  prices,  oend 
postal  for  price  list.  All  stock  first-class,  true  to 
mime  and  well  rooted. 

Sharon  Fruit  Farm  and  Nursery 
Edgar  Empie,  Prop.  Sharon  Springs,  N.  Y. 


1911 


1©T 


BACK  TO  THE  FRUIT  FARM. 

Slowly  Making  It  Pay. 

Mulching  Peaches. — On  a  cold  day 
in  late  December  I  began  hauling  manure 
to  scatter  around  the  young  peach  trees. 
This  strawy  stable  manure  would  make 
an  ideal  mulch,  and  keep  the  ground 
from  warming  up  too  early  in  the 
Spring,  thus  holding  the  fruit  buds  in 
check.  My  wife  came  out  aftei'  I 
had  returned  from  the  orchard  with  the 
first  load  and  asked  me  what  I  had  been 
doing.  I  told  her  that  I  had  been  put¬ 
ting  some  money  in  the  bank.  She  un¬ 
derstood  my  answer,  and  with  a  laugh 
said:  “Yes,  but  it  is  not  subject  to 
check.  I  told  her  no;  that  the  deposit 
was  put  in  the  savings  account  and  would 
draw  more  than  the  customary  three 
per  cent  interest.  Just  yesterday  I  was 
examining  some  especially  fine  and 
thrifty  three-year-old  peach  trees,  and 
they  are  loaded  with  buds.  I  shall  prune 
out  a  great  many  of  these  buds  early  in 
the  Spring,  as  I  do  not  want  my  young 
trees  to  overbear.  The  strawberry  beds 
went  into  their  Winter  quarters  in  fine 
shape,  and  I  shall  fruit  3 y2  acres  next 
Spring. 

Strawberry  Experiments. — I  have 
been  experimenting  the  past  Summer  and 
Winter  with  these  strawberry  beds  and 
next  Spring  shall  be  able  to  note  the  re¬ 
sults  with  some  accuracy.  I  like  to  find 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

have  unthought-of  incidental  expenses 
for  at  least  two  years  before  the  money 
begins  coming  your  way  to  relieve  the 
strain. 

Hens  or  Hogs. — Take  my  advice  and 
stay  out  of  the  chicken  business ;  it  is 
sheer  folly  to  attempt  to  make  money 
out  of  them  wher?  one  is  not  fully 
and  expensively  equipped  for  such. 

One  good  brood  sow  will  make  you 
more  returns  in  a  year  than  a  dozen 
liens ;  at  least  that  has  been  our  ex¬ 
perience.  As  an  example  of  the  above 
statement  I  give  the  following  facts. 

One  year  ago  this  month  I  bought  a 
young  sow,  paying  $2.50  for  her.  I 
fed  her  waste  from  kitchen  and  some 
corn  and  in  the  Spring  turned  her  on 
pasture,  giving  her  two  ears  of  corn 
a  day  till  green  corn  was  ready  to 
feed.  All  told  I  fed  her,  to  be  con¬ 
servative,  $3  worth  of  corn.  Yester¬ 
day  I  sold  four  of  her  pigs  for  $20 
and  have  the  sow  left.  Now  for  the 
chickens.  Last  Spring  we  bought  four 
hens  and  one  rooster,  pure  stock.  White 
Wyandott'es,  paying  $0  for  the  bunch. 

Chicken  house,  $25;  wire  and  fencing, 

$10;  feeders,  coops,  outdoor  brooders 
and  other  fixtures.  $5 ;  baby  chick  feed, 

$2 :  other  feed  $10  to  date.  These  chick¬ 
ens  had  an  open  run  all  Summer, 
plenty  of  fresh  water  and  the  best  of 
feed  and  attention.  The  above  is  the 
debit  side  brieflv  stated.  The  credit 


YOUNG  CARMAN  PEACH  TREES  IN; -STRAWBERRIES.  Fig.  03. 


out  things  for  myself,  as  asking  some¬ 
body  else  never  quite  satisfies.  In  the 
garden  are  three  rows  of  strawberries 
which  after  fruiting  never  had  a  hoe  in 
th£m  all  Summer.  The  middles  are  a 
thick  mass  of  vines,  and  they  are  now 
covered  with  a  natural  mulch,  dried  crab 
grass  and  weeds.  In  the  new  field  which 
was  cultivated  and  runners  kept  in  check 
all  Summer  we  left  one  row  of  Senator 
Dunlap  and  one  row  of  Warfield  un¬ 
covered  for  the  Winter  to  observe  the 
result  of  the  no-mulch  system.  In  the 
old  patch  which  will  give  its  third  crop 
next  Summer  we  worked  just  as 
thoroughly  after  fruiting  as  we  did  the 
new  one,  and  at  the  beginning  of  Winter 
anyone  not  familiar  with  strawberry 
culture  could  not  have  told  the  old  patch 
from  the  new  one.  In  the  old  field  we 
mulched  with  wheat  straw  and  in  the 
new  one  with  manure  bought  at  a  livery 
stable  and  spread  on  the  vines  at  a  cost 
of  $1  per  load  delivered.  This  was 
pretty  good  manure,  as  the  bedding  had 
been  done  with  straw,  all  except  three 
loads  which  were  of  pine  shavings.  I 
had  these  three  loads  scattered  over 
four  rows  of  berries  across  the  field,  and 
here  I  shall  be  able  to  observe  the  quality 
of  pine  shavings  and  sawdust  manure  as 
a  mulch. 

Back  to  the  Land.- — Taking  a  retro¬ 
spective  view  of  the  past  year  we  are 
highly  satisfied  with  our  farm  venture, 
although  I  have  spent  almost  every  dol¬ 
lar  that  1  have  made,  at  my  job  in  the 
city  on  this  farm.  I  feel  that  I  am  buy¬ 
ing  my  way  to  freedom  and  to  be  my 
own  boss.  I  feel  that  the  money  I  have 
spent  for  manure,  wood  ashes,  nursery 
stock,  fencing,  labor  and  other  things 
has  been  well  invested,  and  that  I  shall 
get  it  all  back  in  the  near  future  with 
compound  interest.  We  have  denied 
ourselves  some  pleasures,  and  have 
worked  hard  to  make  our  venture  a 
success,  and  so  far  would  not  trade 
our  prospects  for  a  very  enticing  posi¬ 
tion  in  the  city.  It  takes  considerable 
capital,  no  little  work,  and  good  hard 
business  sense  to  make  a  venture  of 
this  kind  a  success.  In  the  first  place, 
if  you  are  thinking  of  making  a  move 
of  this  kind,  and  haven’t  the  capital  to 
back  you  up  till  the  proposition  be¬ 
gins  paying,  be  very  careful  not  to  get 
in  debt  outside  of  the  first  crop  of  the 
farm.  Keep  your  job  in  the  city,  and 
that  will  keep  your  head  above  water 
till  you  can  make  it  pay.  If  you  are 
in  debt  for  the  original  cost  of  the 
farm,  the  interest  on  your  loan  will 
grow  at  a  livelier  rate  than  weeds  in 
the  strawberry  field.  Then  you  will 


side  .  is  as  follows :  3s  young  pullets, 
average  market  value,  $15;  six  young 
roosters  for  the  table,  average  total 
value,  $3;  one  rooster  sold  for  $1. 
This  leaves  us  on  the  debit  side  of 
the  ledger  for  the  first  day  of  Janu¬ 
ary,  1911,  $32,  and  not  an  egg  yet.  If 
these  pullets  commenced  laying  on  the 
first  day  of  January  and  laid  an  egg 
apiece  a  day  for  the  next  three  months, 
with  eggs  at  30  cents  per  dozen,  we 
would  be  $4  ahead  of  the  game  the 
first  day  of  April,  1911,  if  feed  was 
(Continued  on  next  page.) 


“Pittsburgh  Perfect” 

Wire  Fencing  is  best  all  through. 

T 1-7 IT  dcct  The  wire  is  drawn  from  a  special  quality  of  open 
*  BEST  hearth  material— tough,  pliable,  strong,  long  lived 
” ilxE  like  old-time  iron  wire.  It  is  the  finest  fencing 
wire  possible  to  manufacture. 

Galvanizing  Heavily  galvanized  by  our  own  new  and  perfect 
Perfect  process,  the  wire  is  positively  moisture-proof. 
The  fact  that 

All  Stay  Wires  and  Line  Wires  are  Electrically  Welded 

not  only  eliminates  the  weakening  and  THE  WELD 

moisture- gathering  wraps,  clamps 
and  ties,  but  practically  transforms 
the  fence  into  one  piece  of  perfor¬ 
ated  steel.  .  — - 

XT  W  Sectional  view — Amalgamation  perfect.  No  team 

No  Waste  Wire  There  is  no  waste  wire  to  make  useless  weight; 
m  nr  w  •  >  in5*ead’  heavier  wire  is  used  and  all  the  weight 
No  Waste  Weight  is  fence.  Stay  wires  being  of  the  same  size  as 
line  wires,  the 

“Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Fence  is  the  Strongest  in  the  World 

EVERY  ROD  GUARANTEED  PERFECT 
Catalogue  showing  73  different  styles  and  sizes,  adapted  to  every  purnose—  FIELD 
FARM,  RANCH,  LAWN,  POULTRY— Sent  free  on  request.  Sold  by  dealers  everywhere 

PITTSBURGH  STEEL  CO. 

PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

Makers  of 

Pittsburgh  PERFECT  brands  of  Barbed  Wire,  bright,  annealed 
and  galvanized  Wire,  Fence  Staples,  standard  Wire  Nails  and 
Pittsburgh  PERFECT"  Fencing. 


Virginia  Farms  and  Homes. 

FREE  CATALOGUE  OF  SPLENDID  BARGAINS 
It.  IJ.  C II A FFIN  &  CO.,  Inc.,  Richmond, Va . 


PATENTS  START  FACTORIES 


IPATENT  SECURED  OR 
- - '  FEE  RETURNED 

Startright.  Free  Book— How  to  obtain,  llnanee 
_ ami  promote  patents.  Send  sketch,  free  seareU. 

EARN  HAM  &  SUES,  Pat.  Aliya.,  Ad.  36.  Washington,  D.C, 


The  Hired  Man  Problem 


n 


tSB 


The  farmer  can  do  without  a  hired  man  if  he  makes  one  acre 
produce  as  much  as  now  comes  from  two,  or  he  can  afford  to 
employ  the  best  labor  there  is  and  all  he  needs,  if  he  doubles 
the  crops  on  all  his  acres. 

Why  take  half  a  crop  when  a  whole  one  is  possible?  It  is 
largely  a  matter  of  fertility ;  and  the  best  part  of  it  is  that,  the 
more  fei  tilizei  used  the  easier  it  is  to  pay  for  it ;  the  extra  crop 
takes  care  of  that,  but  the  right  fertilizer  should  be  used. 

We  have  the  right  fertilizers,  the  right  service,  and  the  right  price.  Fifty 
years  of  experience,  the  largest  and  best  facilities,  guarantee  full  value  for  every 
dollar  invested  in  our  brands.  Write  today  for  copy  of  ‘ ‘  Plant  Food.  ’  ’  It  will  help 
every  'farmer  increase  his  harvests  and  his  profits.  Not  a  word  of  advertising  in  it 
but  sent  without  cost  for  the  asking. 


© 

© 

m 

so 


.  AGENTS  WANTED  in  unoccupied  territory.  Liberal  terms  and  goods  that  sell, 
to  sell  our  fertilizers  as  well  as  use  them.  Ask  for  agency  proposition. 


It  pay: 


THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURAL  CHEMICAL  CO., 


92  State  St. , 
Boston 


2  Rector  St. , 
N#»w  Ynrh 


P,  0.  Drawer  970, 

RiiILIa 


Rose  Building, 

r  l _ i _ j 


Second  National  Bank  Building, 


188 


February  18, 


BACK  TO  THE  FRUIT  FARM. 

(Continued  from  page  197) 

free.  The  chances  are  that  the  whole 
bunch  will  not  lay  over  $2  worth  of 
eggs  in  the  next  three  months.  So  in 
a  small  way  it  doesn’t  pay  the  Hill- 
crest  Fruit  Farm  man.  I  can  imagine 
what  the  debit  side  of  the  ledger  would 
have  shown  if  I  had  gone  into  this 
more  extensively.  So  my  advice  to 
the  beginner  is  to  keep  away  from  the 
chicken  business  as  you  would  a  loaded 
gun.  Put  the  same  amount  of  -  money 
into  manure  and  small  fruits  and  you 
will  win  out. 

Make  Peaches  Grow.— Our  peach 
trees  the  past  Summer  made  a  wonder¬ 
ful  growth  and  are .  marvels  of  beauty 
and  symmetry.  They  will  average  ten 
feet  in  height  at  three  inches  through 
the  trunk,  and  only  three  years  old. 
See  Fig.  63.  This  wonderful  growth 
has  been  accomplished  by  constant  and 
thorough  cultivation,  plent  yof  manure- 
and  wood  ashes,  and  close  personal  at¬ 
tention  to  each  tree.  My  knife  is  al¬ 
ways  sharp,  and  when  out  looking  my 
pets  over  it  is  ever  ready  to  cut  out 
an  objectionable  limb.  I  trim  to  an 
open  round  head  and  aim  to  get  the 
main  branches  short  and  stock  to  bear 
up  the  load  of  fruit  that  is  coming  soon. 
This  Spring  I  expect  to  spray  with  com¬ 
mercial  lime  sulphur  to  keep  ahead  of 
the  scale.  The  pest  is  just  beginning  to 
get  a  start  in  my  orchard,  but  I  have  no 
fears  from  it.  Our  Grimes  Golden  and 
Jonathan  apple  trees  also  did  well  last 
Summer,  they  having  received  the  same 
treatment  as  the  peach. 

Making  Good. — We  have  been  on  this 
five-acre  fruit  farm  almost  three  years 
now,  and  our  prospects  grow  better 
each  year.  When  you  consider  that 
there  was  nothing  but  a  bare  meadow 
when  we  purchased  it  you  can  realize 
what  manure  and  work  will  do  in  three 
years.  Up  to  date  this  farm  has  yielded 
us  in  cash  returns  nearly  $600  from 
strawberries  principally.  This  money 
has  been  applied  on  the  mortgage,  and 
we  are  slowly  but  surely  getting  on 
top.  I  look  forward  to  the  first  day 
of  April  as  does  a  school  boy  to  the 
last  day  of  school,  for  then  I  expect 
to  quit  the  office  for  the  Summer  and 
enjoy  myself  among  the  fruits  and  flow¬ 
ers.  This  will  be  my  first  vacation  in 
several  years,  and  although  I  shall  be 
at  work  marketing  my  berries  and  hoe¬ 
ing  my  crops,  I  shall  feel  as  good  as  if 
I  were  off  at  the  seashore  whiling  my 
time  away.  To  the  city  man  who  is 
contemplating  a  move  in  this  direction 
I  wish  to  advise  him  to  be  extremely 
conservative.  Do  not  believe  anything 
you  read  or  see  advertised  about  the 
chicken  business.  Do  not  figure  that  if 
one  man  made  a  dollar  a  year  per  hen 
you  can  do  the  same  with  1,200  hens. 
The  chances  are  that  you  will  lose  one 
dollar  a  year  per  hen  instead  till  you 
get  wise  to  the  situation.  Consult  your 
wife  about  your  views  and  take  her 
advice.  A  woman  has  a  born  instinct 
for  the  protection  of  the  home  which  it 
is  always  well  to  heed.  If  she  advises 
you  to  keep  your  job  in  the  city,  and  is 
not  willing  to  take  chances  with  you  on 
a  new  venture,  you  would  better  stick 
to  your  city  job  till  you  rust  or  wear 
out.  Domestic  peace  and  happiness, 
even  in  the  city,  is  far  more  to  be  de¬ 
sired  than  the  Elysian  fields  of  our 
day  dreams.  s.  h.  burton. 

Indiana. 

A  chauffeur  who  had  just  returned 
to  the  garage  after  taking  the  State’s 
examination  to  determine  his  fitness  to 
be  licensed  was  asked  by  a  fellow  worker 
what  the  questions  were :  “One  of  them 
was  about  meeting  a  skittish  horse,”  he 
replied.  “They  asked  what  I  would  do 
if  I  approached  a  horse  which  showed 
signs  of  being  afraid  of  the  car  and  its 
driver  held  up  his  hand  to  me.”  “What’s 
the  answer?”  asked  a  bystander.  “Oh, 
I  had  that  all  right,”  the  chauffeur  re¬ 
plied.  “I  told  ’em  I’d  stop  the  car,  take 
it  apart  and  hide  the  pieces  in  the  grass.” 
— New  York  Sun. 


THE  R.URA.L,  NEW-YORKER 


NOTES  ON  THE  HESSIAN  FLY. 

The  Hessian  fly  that  lays  its  - eggs  on 
the  blades  of  the  Fall  wheat  is  a  very 
small  insect,  but  the  damage  that  is 
wrought  by  it  is  of  a  great  deal  of  sig¬ 
nificance.  The  eggs  of  the  Hessian  fly 
hatch  in  from  four  to  six  days  after  they 
are  deposited  on  the  blades  of  the  young 
wheat,  when  the  larva,  a  pale  red  maggot, 
begins  to  work  Its  way  down  the  stalk 
head  downwards  until  it  comes  to  a  joint 
where  it  rests  until  it  comes  to  maturity, 
which  is  from  six  to  eight  weeks,  and 
comes  forth  a  fly  the  following  Spring,  the 
latter  part  of  April,  in  May  to  again  de¬ 
posit  eggs  on  the  fresh  blades  of  new 
wheat,  and  the  larva  again  undergoing  a 
like  transformation  above  described.  Be¬ 
cause  of  the  two  broods  raised  in  a  season 
and  the  multitudes  of  individuals  is  the 
reason  of  its  menace  to  the  wheat  fields 
of  the  country. 

The  past  season  of  1910  was  one  of  the 
best  to  study  the  Hessian  fly  we  ever  ex¬ 
perienced.  With  a  full  knowledge  of  the 
presence  of  the  “fly  in  the  country  in 
this  locality,  perhaps  three-fourths  of  the 
farmers  hesitated  about  early  sowing.  Most 
of  the  Fall  wheat  was  sown  the  last  days 
of  September.  Some  fields  were  sown  as 
early  as  the  15th,  and  the  later  sowing 
was  after  the  1st  of  October.  Now  let  us 
see  what  is  the  result  of  the  different  sow¬ 
ings.  I  have  examined  field  after  field 
of  the  different  sowings  and  know  whereof 
I  speak.  The  early  fields  are  nearly  all 
eaten  up  by  the  Hessian  fly.  The  fields 
sown  the  last  of  September  are  infested. 
The  later*  sowings  (after  the  1st  of  Octo¬ 
ber)  are  not  infested  at  all  to  speak  of. 
Why  is  it?  Well,  the  farmer  is  after  the 
wheat — and  so  is  the  fly — and  if  the 
farmer  does  not  get  busy  the  fly  is  pretty 
apt  to  get  the  wheat. 

I  like  to  take  an  optimist's  view  of 
things,  but  if  1  were  to  make  a  prediction 
of  the  1911  wheat  crop  over  a  large  area 
that  is  infested  with  Hessian  fly,  I  would 
say,  first  sowings,  50  per  cent,  loss ;  sec¬ 
ond  or  last  of  September  sowing,  30  per 
cent,  loss ;  last  sowings,  25  per  cent,  loss 
on  account  of  Spring  brood  of  Hessian  fly. 
Could  this  loss  have  been  avoided?  Yes. 
How  so?  Why,  by  later  sowing;  it  is  the 
early  sowing  that  does  the  biggest  damage 
to  the  country.  It  gives  the  Hessian  fly 
a  chance  to  deposit  its  eggs,  and  the  larva 
to  come  to  maturity  before  freezing 
weather,  and  thus  be  in  ideal  shape  the 
following  Spring  to  infest  every  other 
field,  whether  it  was  sown  either  early  or 
late.  The  later  sowing  can  avoid  damage 
in  the  Fall,  but  has  no  defence  in  the 
Spring  against  “fly”  from  infested  fields. 
The  Fall  of  1910,  our  first  killing  frost 
in  this  locality  was  October  22.  To  all 
appearances  the  middle  of  October  every 
wheatfield  in  the  country  was  affected  very 
badly  by  “fly”  and  eggs  could  be  found 
in  any  and  all  wheatfields  that  were  up, 
but  the  frost  of  October  22  killed  most  of 
the  larvae  on  the  late  fields,  because  the 
Larvae  were  not  so  fully  developed  as  on 
the  early  sown  wheat,  and  yet  some  of  the 
larvae  on  last  of  September  sowings 
worked  down  to  the  crown  of  the  wheat 
plant  and  came  to  maturity  in  November 
in  spite  of  the  freezes  of  early  November, 
which  shows  that  the  larvae  is  very  hardy 
after  it  reaches  a  certain  stage  of  growth. 


That  the  farmers  over  a  wide  area  of 
country  have  the  liossian  fly  to  contend 
with  there  is  no  doubt.  The  immense 
damage  that  can  be  done  to  the  wheat- 
fields  by  this  insect  has  been  clearly 
proven.  The  remedy  that  must  be  applied 
to  exterminate  it  is  not  mysterious  nor 
hard  to  understand.  The  Hessian  fly’s 
life  and  very  subsistence  is  dependent  on 
the  wheat  plant,  and  the  wheat  plant  only. 
It  is  never  found  on  oat  or  rye  plants, 
though  they  are  growing  in  the  midst  of 
infested  wheat  plants,  neither  have  we  ever 
found  a  matured  larva  on  any  other  grain 
or  grass  plant;  it  is  purely  a  wheat  de¬ 
stroying  insect.  Knowing  this,  our  one 
possible  chance  is  to  sow  late  enough  that 
the  early  freezes  will  destroy  the  larvae 
before  they  are  advanced  enough  to  ma¬ 
ture.  True,  it  will  shorten  the  season  of 
Fall  growth,  but  to  me  it  seems  the  only 
resource  to  get  back  to  where  we  have 
started  from,  for  older  farmers  than  I 
know  that  formerly,  years  ago,  better 
wheat  than  we  now  raise  was  sown  as 
early  as  September  10,  but  that  was  when 
the  Hessian  fly  was  not  in  the  country; 
that  the  time  might  come  again  when  we 
could  again  sow  earlier  does  not  seem  im¬ 
probable.  But  before  that  time  comes 
it  will  take  united  and  decisive  action  to 
rid  the  fields  of  this  pest  thoroughly. 
Once  done,  it  will  mean  hundreds  of  thou¬ 
sands,  yes,  millions  of  bushels  of  wheat  to 
the  country's  credit  by  increased  yields 
and  surer  crops.  millard  horton. 


Moving  Large  Trees. 

G.  8.,  Grand  Rapid#,  Mich. — 1.  1  have 
some  three-year-old  apple  trees  I  should  like 
to  move.  Fan  I  do  it  without  much  danger 
to  trees?  2.  How  close  can  Duchess  and 
AVagener  apples  be  planted?  3.  What 
would  be  the  proper  proportion  of  each  in 
mixing  nitrate  of  soda,  sulphate  of  potash 
and  treated  bone  meal? 

Ans. — 1.  Yes,  these  trees  can  be  easily 
moved.  \Ye  often  transplant  when 
seven  or  eight  years  old.  Do  the  work 
early  in  Spring  while  buds  are  dormant 
Dig  the  tree,  leaving  a  large  ball  of 

earth  around  the  roots — as  large  as  you 
can  conveniently  handle.  Plant  an  inch 
or  more  deeper  than  the  tree  stood 
in  its  old  position.  If  the  soil  is  dry 
and  inclined  to  fall  from  the  roots 
throw  in  water  to  firm  it.  Pack  the  soil 
solidly  around  the  roots  in  the  new 
location.  We  should  cut  the  top  back 
at  least  one-third  when  transplanting, 
planning  to  leave  a  low,  open  top.  2. 
We  consider  20  feet  apart  the  limit  for 
such  varieties,  though  we  have  seen  them 
do  fairly  well  at  18  feet.  3.  Use  one 
part  nitrate,  one  sulphate  of  potash  and 
three  of  fine  bone. 


Sawdust  with  Lime. 

I  can  get  a  lot  of  decayed  sawdust. 
Would  it  pay  me  to  lime  the  sawdust  and 
apply  to  ground  where  I  sow  oats,  and  seed 
with  clover  and  Timothy?  Ilow  long1 
should  the  lime  and  sawdust  lie  before 
using  ?  s. 

New  York. 

If  the  sawdust  is  well  decayed  ycu  can 
spread  it  like  manure  and  plow  it  under. 
Then  sow  the  lime  on  the  plowed  ground 
and  harrow  in.  i c  would  hardly  pay  for  the 
extra  handling  to  mix  the  lime  and  sawdust 
and  then  spread. 


BUSHELS  MORE 
POTATOES 
PER  ACRE 

WHERE  PLANTED  WITH 

WAGi 

(Improved  Robbins) 

Potato  Planter 

Average  results  obtained  in  a  careful, 
thorough  tost  against  a  “picker”  planter  by 
Maine  State  Experimental  Station,  in  1910, 
Ask  ns  quick  for  the  proof— we  will  send  yon 
now  bona  fide  copy  of  their  report  in  Bulletin 
No.  188,  which  will  bo  ready 
about  March  15th.  Shows 
exact  results.  Also,  compar¬ 
ison  of  level  culture,  high 
and  moderate  ridging. 

100  per  cent,  perfect 
planting  is  what  you 
want — no  doubles,  no 
misses,  no  injury  to 
seed.  Address 

BATEMAN  K’F’G  CO. 

Box  102-P 
GRENLOCH. 


N.  J. 


Yllan  on  rear  sent  makes 
corrections  only. 


-'yv'jirV',' 


Lessen  Your  Labor 

/by  using  the  W 

self -operating— up-to-date  * 

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Potato  Planter  No.  3 

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Protect  your  crop  with  ASPINWALL  SPRAYER. 
Orchard  and  Broadcast  attachments  furnished 
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Write  for  catalog,  also  our  new  booklet.  “The 
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should  have. 

Aspinwall  Manufacturing  Co. 

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World's  oldest  and  largest  makers  of  Potato  Machinery 


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Used  by  the  U.  S.  Government  and 
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THE  F.  C.  BROWN  COMPANY 
2g  J  ay  St.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


TO  KILL. 

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new  catalogue  show  the  great  value  of  this  preparation  on  all  kinds  of  fruits 
and  vegetables.  Pyrox  serves  two  purposes  ;  it  kills  insects  and  prevents  dis¬ 
ease  and  blemish.  It  adheres  to  the  foliage  even  through  heavy  rains,  saving 
labor  and  cost  of  re-spraying'.  Perfectly  safe.  It  is  all  ready  to  use  by  mixing 
with  cold  water.  Every  grower  who  seeks  trait  and  vegetables  free  from 
blemish  needs  “Pyrox,”  the  “one  best  spray.”  It 


Fills  the  barrel  with  the  kind  they  used  to  put  on  Top” 


Send  for  new  catalogue  with  photograph  of  sprayed  and  unsprayed  fruit  in 
original  colors.  Will  convince  the  most  skeptical.  Say  how  many  and  what 
kinds  of  fruit  trees,  or  how  many  acres  of  potatoes  you  have  to  spray,  and  ask 
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1>  DW  If  FT  U  INSECTICIDE  COMPANY, 

13  V/  ▼  ▼  IV  AJ  IV  43  CHATHAM  STREET,  BOSTON,  MASS. 


1911. 


THE  RURAE  NEW-YORKER 


109 


A  FARMER  ON  RECIPROCITY. 

The  following  letter  was  sent  to  Con¬ 
gressman  D.  J.  Foster  of  Vermont  by  our 
correspondent  E.  S.  Brigham.  It  is  a  plain 
and  forcible  statement  of  the  views  of  a 
vast  majority  of  New  England  and  Middle 
State  farmers. 

I  believe  that  portion  of  your  con¬ 
stituents  which  is  made  up  of  the  farm¬ 
ers  of  Vermont  has  a  genuine  cause  for 
alarm  in  the  prospect  of  the  passage  of 
the  proposed  reciprocity  treaty  with 
Canada,  and  I  would  like  to  give  you 
my  reasons  for  this  belief. 

I  realize  that  in  the  just  settlement  of 
this  tariff  question  there  should  be  a 
patriotic  consideration  of  the  greatest 
good  for  the  greatest  number,  but  from 
the  newspaper  reports  of  this  treaty  I 
can  sec  in  it  very  little  of  this.  The 
Washington  correspondent  of  “The 
Journal  of  Commerce’*  says  that  the  plan 
of  the  commission'  has  been  to  select 
the  commodities  for  reciprocity  in  such 
a  way  as  to  arouse  the  smallest  amount 
of  antagonism  on  either  side  of  the 
border.  I  presume  that  it  was  in  keep¬ 
ing  with  this  policy  that  the  articles 
which  are  on  the  proposed  free  list  are, 
with  the  one  exception  of  fish,  made  up 
of  products  of  the  farm.  Now  I  am 
a  wares  that  the  agricultural  interests 
have  the  least  effective  business  organ¬ 
ization  of  any  industry  in  the  country, 
and  for  that  reason  they  are  the  least 
prepared  to  offer  effective  resistance  to 
any  encroachments  upon  their  rights, 
but  we  can  at  least  appeal  to  the  sense 
of  justice  of  the  President  and  Congress 

of  the  United  States. 

■» 

I  do  not  believe  that  the  farmers  of 
this  country  would  greatly  object  to 
free  trade  with  Canada,  because  they 
realize  that  they  gain  as  well  as  lose  in 
a  free  interchange  of  commodities  with 
a  people  having  a  standard  of  living 
and  economic  resources  similar  to  our 
own,  nor  do  I  think  that  the  farmers 
would  object  to  a  reciprocal  agreement 
with  Canada  which  would  enable  them 
to  benefit  by  the  lower  cost  of  some 
manufactured  articles  obtaining  in  Can¬ 
ada,  but  a  treaty  like  the  one  proposed, 
which  throws  the  whole  burden  upon 
agriculture  and  gives  no  benefits  in  re¬ 
turn  is  manifestly  unfair. 

If  the  farmers  of  this  country  were 
unduly  prosperous  and  they  were  ac¬ 
cumulating  large  fortunes  there  might 
be  some  justice  in  such  a  course,  but 
such  is  not  the  case.  The  inducements 
offered  by  the  Federal  Government  for 
the  rapid  settlement  of  the  new  lands 
of  the  West  in  the  past  century,  the  in¬ 
vention  of  machinery  to  till  these  lands 
and  harvest  the  crops  grown  upon  them, 
and  the  building  of  railroads  to  trans-  ! 
port  these  crops  to  market,  all  worked  j 
to  cause  a  production  of  foodstuffs  far 
in  excess  of  the  demand.  A  system  of 
farming  based  upon  soil  robbery  resulted 
and  much  of  the  time  farm  products 
were  produced  at  a  loss,  if  labor  and 
depletion  of  soil  fertility  had  been  taken  : 
into  account.  Farmers  became  discour-  j 
aged,  boys  who  could  get  away  left  the  j 
farms,  and  the  business  was  considered  j 
a  good  one  to  get  out  of.  During  this  | 

time,  however,  there  was  a  high  protec-  i 

.  * 

tive  tariff  on  foodstuffs,  although  the  J 
price  of  these  foodstuffs  was  largely  j 
determined  by  the  price  of  the  large  , 
surplus  exported  to  a  free  trade  market. 
The  people,  however,  were  blessed  with 
cheap  food  and  acquired  habits  of  liv¬ 
ing  unknown  in  the  history  of  the 
world.  In  the  past  few  years  a  change  ' 
has  taken  place.  Population  has  in-  I 
creased  so  that  consumption  has  over-  ; 
taken  production  and  prices  have  in¬ 
creased  so  that  the  farmer  is  beginning  ; 
to  get  a  living  wage  for  his  work  and 
some  interest  on  his  investment.  Young 
men  are  beginning  to  consider  farming 
a  profitable  occupation  and  one  which 
requires  training  and  ability  for  sue-  1 
cess.  The  past  10  years  of  higher  prices 
has  witnessed  the  employment  of  more 
capital  and  better  methods  in  agricul¬ 
ture,  and  the  farms  have  responded  with 


a  larger  and  surer  production  to  meet  I 
the  need  of  the  increasing  population,  * 
but  the  record  so  far  but  points  the  way  j 
to  what  the  farms  of  this  country  may  ! 
do  with  the  employment  of  yet  more 
capital  and  better  methods.  It  is  now 
proposed  to  put  upon  us  this  new  bur¬ 
den  of  competition  with  a  new  and  un¬ 
developed  country.  President  Taft  says, 
“We  have  drawn  upon  our  natural  re¬ 
sources  in  such  a  way  as  to  invite  at¬ 
tention  to  their  necessary  limit.”  Our 
experiment  stations  have  demonstrated 
that  the  producing  power  of  our  farms 
may  be  made  many  times  what  it  is  now. 
Shall  we  allow  these  possibilities  to  be 
realized,  or  shall  we  allow  our  own 
agricultural  resources  to  remain  unde¬ 
veloped  while  we  see  once  more  the 
process  of  soil  robbery  and  profitless 
agriculture  carried  on  in  a  foreign  coun¬ 
try?  We  farmers  of  Vermont  have 
everything  to  lose  and  nothing  to  gain 
from  this  treaty  and  we  look  to  you  to 
protect  our  interests.  e.  s.  brigham. 

A  Champion  Potato  Digger. 

Mr.  J.  .1.  Eslcil,  whose  farm  is  in  tho 
upper  peninsula  of  Michigan  wrote  of  a  j 
man  who  dug  by  hand  105  bushels  of  pota-  j 
toes  in  one  day  of  eight  hours.  In  these 
days  when  great  tilings  are  being  told  1 
about  hens,  cows  and  horses,  we  believe 
in  giving  the  humans  a  chance — so  we 
asked  for  further  particulars.  Here  they 
are : 

I  he  man  who  dug  105  bushels  of 
potatoes  in  eight  hours  did  help  to  pick 
them  up  after  he  quit  digging.  FI  is 
name  is  Stanley  Garthe,  he  is  a  gradu¬ 
ate  from  Michigan  Agricultural  College, 
and  is  superintendent  of  the  local  man¬ 
ual  training  school.  He  was  born  and 
grew  up  on  a  farm  in  Lower  Michigan, 
and  has  been  used  to  grow  potatoes,  as  ' 
that  was  a  special  crop  with  his  folks  j 
when  he  was  a  boy.  Lie  has  been  here 
for  five  years,  and  comes  often  to  visit  , 
us.  He  dug  207^  bushels  in  eight  hours*, 
on  Wednesday,  and  105  bushels  in  8J4 
hours  on  Saturday.  The  potatoes  were 
Rural  New-Yorker  planted  with  an  j 
Acme  foot-planter  in  hills  30  inches  I  : 
apart  each  way,  and  the  potatoes  were 
large,  averaging  10  bushels  to  two  rows 
300  feet  long.  Mr.  Garthe  used  a  po¬ 
tato  hook  with  round,  sharp  prongs,  and 
he  dug  two  rows  at  one  time  and  left 
the  potatoes  lying  in  the  middle.  From 
30  bushels  of  seed  planted  on  a  little 
over  two  acres  I  got  850  bushels  potatoes. 
Ground  was  manured  in  the  Fall  and 
plowed  in  the  Spring.  No  commercial 
manure  used.  T  have  been  growing  the  i 
Rural  potatoes  for  six  years,  and  have  I 
been  very  careful  in  selecting  seed,  and 
they  have  improved  both  in  shape  and 
yield  year  by  year.  I  planted  one  peck 
Green  Mountain  potatoes  and  harvested 
seven  and  one-half  bushels. 

J.  j.  ESKIL.  ; 


&VE  MONEY,  TIME  AND  LABOR 

Before  Building,  Write  for  Free  Booklet  and  Samples  of 


DISHOPRIC  WALL  BOARD  is  cheaper  and 
•LJ  better  than  Lath  and  Plaster;  applied  winter  or 
Summer.  YOU  can  easily  nail  it  to  studding.  Ap¬ 
plied  dry  it  is  at  once  ready  for  paint, paper  or  burlap, 
is  clean  and  sanitary;  guaranteed  proof  against 
dampness,  heat,  cold,  sound  and  vermin. 

I  CONSTRUCTION 
Made  of  kiln-dried  dressed 
lath,  imbedded  in  hot  Asphalt 
Mastic,  andsurfaced  with  sized 
_cardboard;is  cut  atthe  factory 
into  uniform  sheets,  4x4  ft.  sq. 
and  three-eighths  of  an  inch 
thick.  These  sheets(delivered 
in  crates)  are  easily  and  quick¬ 
ly  nailedtostudding.  Usedfor 
dwellings,  pleasure,  health  re¬ 
sort  and  factory  buildings,  new 
parti tionsin old  buildings, fin¬ 
ishing  attic3,  cellars,  porches. 


Applying  Wall  Board  laundries,  garages. 

Price  $2.50  per  100  sq.  ft.  or  $6.40  per  crate  of  256  sq.  ft. 
f.  o.  b.  factories.  New  Orleans,  Cincinnati,  or  Alma,  Micb.  _ _ _ _ _  _ „1IV11< 

Write  for  Booklet  and  Free  samples  of  Wall  Board,  Sheathing  and  Roofing 

The  Mastic  Wall  Board  &  Roofing  Mfg.  Co.  43  E.  Third  St.  Cincinnati,  O. 


13ISHOPRIC  SHEATHING  saves75  per  cent  In 
■*-*  materia  land  labor.  Same  as  Wall  Board,  but  cavd- 
board  surface  of  Sheathing  is  not  recommended 
tor  decorative  purpose  therefore  costs  less.  Quick¬ 
ly  nailed  to  studs  with  laths  and  asphalt  exposed. 
Shows  weatherboards  over  Sheathing,  lath 
side  exposed;  also 
Bishopric  Roofing, 
over  Sheathing,, 
smooth  side 
exposed 


hfakes  smooth,  solid  job.  Doe3  away  with  building 
paper.  Proot  againstheat.cold,  dampness.  Usedwith 
excellent  resultsas  cheapest  and  best  lining  for  dairy 
barns,  poultry  houses,  stables  and  other  buildings. 

Price  $2.35  per  square  of  100  sq.  ft.  or  $6  per  crate  of  256 
sq.  ft.  (.  o.  b.  New  Orleans,  Cincinnati,  or  Alma,  Micb. 


Your  Spring  Wheat  Must  Grow  Fast 

It  hasn  t  long  to  mature  and  you  must  push  it  right 
along  from  seeding  time  to  harvest — by  giving  it  the 
right  kind  and  amount  of  food. 

Lse  from  300  to  600  lbs.  per  acre  of  fertilizer  contain- 
ing  at  least  6%  available  Potash  or  250  lbs.  Muriate  of 


1 


OTASH 


to  the  ton.  You  will  profit  by  an  early  yield  of 
long  heads,  well  filled  with  heavy,  solid  grains — 
for  Potash  is  first  and  last  a  maker  of  grain. 
Starch  cannot  form  without  it. 

Write  fur  our  books  on  different  crops  and 
how  to  make  the  best  fertilizers  for  them. 

Ask  your  dealer  or  write  us  today  for  prices 
on  Potash,  any  amount  from  a  200-lb.  bag  up. 

German  Kali  Works,  Inc. 

Baltimore:  Continental  Building 
Chicago:  Monadnock  Block 
New  Orleans:  Whitney  Central  Bank  Bldg. 


NATURAL  Ground  PHOSPHATE 


Add  50  to  100% 

to  the  productive 
capacity  of  your 
manure  by  apply¬ 
ing  only  2  0c 
worth  to  each  ton 
of  manure. 


'THE  RELIABLE 


Write  tor  free  Booklet 
telling  all  about  it. 


Increase  your 

crop  yields  50  to 
75%  by  applying 
$1.25  worth  per 
acre  to  the  soil 
direct.  Leading 
Agricultural  Experi¬ 
ment  Stations  confirm 
this,  as  our  free  Book¬ 
let  shows  Address. 


- jiiuwj  nuuichb.  1 

THE  FARMERS  GROUND  ROCK  PHOSPHATE  CO.Bsl^ 


BEES 


HOW  TO  MAKE  THEM  PAY. 

The  pleasures,  the  work  and  the 

profits  of  bee  keeping  are  fully  covered 

'"'H*  See  Culture.''  six  months'  trial  sub- 
V  cents.  Write  for  book  on  Bees  and  free 
i-atnlog — Imi  li  free. 

THE  A  I.  ROOT  COMPANY,  Box  G5,  MEDINA,  OHIO 


HYDRATED  LIME 

in  paper  sacks,  ear-lots,  for  $7.50  per  ton.  Lime 
Screenings  in  bulk,  from  best  grade  of  burnt  lime, 
$n.0()  per  ton,  f.o.  b.  ears  any  point  between  Buffalo 
and  New  York  on  the  main  lines  of  tho  N.  Y.  Cen¬ 
tral,  Erie,  D.,  L.  &  \V„  Penna.,  Lehigh,  N.  Y.,0.  & 
W.  and  C.  R.  R.  of  N.  J.  Order  early  before  the 
great  demand  sets  in  and  delays  shipments. 

Address  J  W.  BALLARD  CO.,  :  :  BINGHAMTON,  N.  Y. 

CIDER  PRESSES 

The  Original  Mt.  Gilead  Hydraulic  Press 

produces  more  cider  from  loss 
•JJ'P It'S  than  any  other  and  is  a 
MU ^  1- V  MAKER.  Sizes 
10  to  400  barrels  daily.  Also 
cidor  evaporators,  apple- 
butter  cookers,  vinegar 
generators,  otc. 

CATALOGUE  FREE 
THE  HYDRAULIC  PRESS  MFG  CO  ] 
ld7  Lincoln  Ave.,  Mt.  Gilead,  Ohio, 

Or  Room  119  L  39  Cortlandt  Street.  Now  York,  N. 


Y. 


Orchards  Pay  Better  Than  Gold  Mines  When  Fertilized  With 

GENUINE  THOMAS  PHOSPHATE  POWDER! 

The  “use,,s  s,a,e  of — 

FIRST  PRIZE  IS  WON  BY  THE  DREW-MUNSON  FRUIT  CO.,  of  Littleton,  Mass. 

Their  Prize  Winning  Acre  of  Baldwin  Apples 

GAVE  THEM  A  TOTAL  RETURN  OF  $715.70— THE  NET  PROFIT  WAS  $519.55 


THIS  ORCHARD  WAS 
FERTILIZED  WIT 


h  GENUINE  THOMAS  PHOSPHATE  POWDER 


AT  THE  RATE  OF  1000 
POUNDS  PER  ACRE 

T  r  I  K  (  nr.’  Mmri'TTixrn  .  ■»  r  ^ 


The  Coe-Mortimer  Company, 

Gentlemen  : 

I'1  legal (1  to  Thomas  Phosphate  Powder,  you  will  re¬ 
call  that  \\  e  bought  of  you  last  year  130  tons  and  we  wish  to 
say  that  it  gave  us  most  excellent  results.  On  our  peach 
orchard  where  we  used  it,  the  trees  made  a  splendid  growth 
with  heavy  dark  green  foliage,  the  fruit  was  of  excellent  color, 


and  the  keeping  qualities  were  remarkable,  which  was  a  big 
advantage,  especially  when  we  had  over  150  cars  to  harvest 
in  about  two  weeks  as  we  had  this  year. 

We  never  saw  better  colored  Baldwin  Apples  than  those  we 
grew  where  we  applied  a  good  dressing  of  Thomas  Phosphate 
Powder.  The  best  sold  at  retail  for  $9.00  per  barrel. 

^ ours  truly,  Barnes  Brothers. 


THERE  IS  A  TRUTH  IN  ALL  THIS  FOR  YOU ! 

THE  COE-MORTIMER  CO.  f^Yal  24r26  Stone  St.,  New  York  City 


200 


February  18, 


GAMBREL-ROOFED  HENHOUSE. 

J  think  Mr.  Mapes  could  improve  his 
proposed  24  by  26-foot  henhouse  by  put¬ 
ting  on  a  gambrel  roof  as  shown  by 
diagram.  He  would  get  a  larger  cross 
section,  and  much  more  head  room,  with 
the  same  quantity  of  lumber.  As  to  the 
window  I  should  put  in  a  hotbed  sash  be-  - 


GAMBREL  ROOF  HENHOUSE. 


tween  the  second  and  third  lower  raft¬ 
ers,  east  side,  hinged  at  the  bottom  to 
lower  inside.  The  hens  would  get  the 
benefit  of  the  early  morning  sun.  The 
dotted  lines  show  Mr.  Mapes’  design, 
16-foot  rafters.  The  lengths  of  the 
rafters  I  show  might  be  changed  and  the 
pitch  of  the  top  of  the  roof  made 
sharper  or  flat.  E.  y.  breck. 

Pennsylvania. 


A  WEST  VIRGINIA  APPLE  REGION. 

A  Beautiful  Spot  on  the  Ohio. 

The  traveler  between  East  Liverpool  and 
Steubenville,  Ohio,  either  by  rail  or  boat, 
can  scarcely  fail  to  notice  the  wonderful 
display  of  apple  orchards  which  crown  the 
gently  sloping  hills  on  the  West  \  irglnia 
side  of  the  Ohio  River,  for  mile  after  mile 
of  the  journey.  Here  amid  the  rich  and 
varied  landscape  bordering  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  rivers  on  the  American  con¬ 
tinent,  is  a  section  of  country  devoted  to 
commercial  orcharding  on  a  large  scale,  and 
one  that  for  some  reason  is  almost  un¬ 
known  outside  its  own  boundaries,  except 
among  the  large  market  buyers  and  ship¬ 
pers  of  the  principal  cities.  Why  this  is 
so  It  would  be  hard  to  say,  unless  it  is  as 
one  of  the  large  growers  expressed  it,  that 
all  are  too  busy  with  the  care  of  the 
orchards  and  the  shipping  and  marketing 
of  crops  to  take  time  to  publish  the  in¬ 
dustry.  When  we  recall  the  fact  that  this 
spot  saw  the  beginning  of  the  horticulture 
of  the  Ohio  Valley,  it  is  natural  that  much 
interest  should  be  felt  concerning  this 
cradle  of  apple  growing,  and  its  later  his¬ 
tory  and  development.  The  first  settlement 
in  this  valley  was  begun  in  the  year  1785 
by  a  venturesome  pioneer  from  Lancaster 
County,  Pennsylvania,  who  came  west  in 
the  Spring  of  that  year,  bringing,  among 
his  other  worldly  possessions,  a  supply  of 
apple  seedlings,  seeds,  and  scions  of  such 
few  varieties  as  were  then  known  to  culti¬ 
vation.  At  that  early  day  this  whole  region 
was  a  solitude  almost  as  unbroken  as  it 
was  when  the  white  man  first  set  foot  on 
the  shores  of  the  new  world,  nearly  three 
centuries  earlier,  and  it  was  a  move  re¬ 
quiring  good  nerve  and  determined  char¬ 
acter  to  make  a  success  of  the  venture. 
This  quality  of  determination  the  first 
comers  into  this  beautiful  wilderness  pos¬ 
sessed,  together  with  rare  good  judgment 
in  selecting  a  location  suited  to  their  pur¬ 
poses.  This  settlement  was  made  nearly 
a  quarter  of  a  century  before  the  advent 
of  “Johnny  Appleseed,”  as  Mr.  Chapman 
was  more  commonly  known,  and  before 
the  beginning  of  his  mysterious  career 
through  the  wilds  of  the  present  State  of 
Ohio,  distributing  apple  seedlings  among 
the  scattered  settlers  of  that  early  day,  to 
provide  for  the  orchards  of  the  future. 

For  several  reasons  it  is  now  evident 
that  the  pioneer  from  Pennsylvania  made 
a  wise  selection  when  he  chose  these  beau¬ 
tifully  rounded  hills  overlooking  the  val¬ 
ley  for  his  home.  The  river  is  even  here 
a  stream  of  noble  volume,  although  less 
than  40  miles  below  its  source  at  Pitts¬ 
burg  at  the  union  of  the  Allegheny  and 
Monongahela  Rivers,  and  has  an  average 
width  of  nearly  half  a  mile.  Before  the 
country  was  supplied  with  railroads,  the 
riven  was  the  only  outlet  for  shipping  all 
produce,  but  at  the  present  time  the  river 
trade  has  fallen  to  almost  nothing  in  the 
handling  of  apples,  the  rail  lines  being 
able  to  deliver  shipments  at  any  desired 
point  without  delay.  The  great  secret  of 
success,  or  rather  the  main  factor  that 
makes  continuous  heavy  yields  here  year 
after  year  a  regular  thing,  is  the  fact  that 
every  morning  in  Spring  and  Fall  seasons 
a  dense,  almost  impenetrable  fog  from 
the  river  invariably  rises  and  envelopes 
the  whole  face  of  nature.  This  mist  shuts 
out  the  light  of  the  sun,  and  in  times  of 
bard  frosts  it  causes  the  ice  to  melt  so 
slowly  from  the  limbs  of  the  trees  in  the 
orchards  that  the  frost  is  taken  out  with¬ 
out  damage  to  the  tender  fruit  buds. 
Then,  too,  the  direction  of  the  prevailing 
winds,  the  course  of  the  river  itself  and 
the  peculiar  contour  of  the  surrounding 
hills,  all  help  to  produce  a  combination 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


of  favoring  conditions  that  is  ideal  and 
such  as  is  rarely  found  elsewhere  in  so 
great  a  degree  as  here. 

The  crop  is  harvested  in  the  usual  man¬ 
ner,  and  immediately  packed  in  barrels 
and  headed  up  and  placed  in  the  storage 
houses.  Here  the  fruit  is  held  until  the 
prices  come  to  a  satisfactory  figure.  When 
this  stage  of  the  market  arrives,  the  bar¬ 
rels  are  opened  and  the  fruit  poured  upon 
sorting  tables  and  graded,  usually  into 
three  grades,  or  graded  to  suit  each  buyer, 
as  the  case  may  require.  All  specks  are 
sorted  out  for  cider  or  sold  to  the  firms 
who  make  jellies,  etc.  The  system  of 
packing  and  finishing  the  tops  of  the  bar¬ 
rels  is  rather  intricate,  involving  lining 
the  heads  with  lace  paper,  the  top  layer 
being  faced  with  even,  well-colored  speci¬ 
mens,  the  No.  1  grade  selected  to  run  2% 
inches  in  size  throughout  the  barrel,  and 
the  No.  2  grade,  also  carefully  hand 
picked,  runs  about  one-fourth  inch  less, 
but  both  grades  must  be  free  from  evi¬ 
dence  of  Codling  moth,  wormholes,  or  other 
similar  defects.  I  was  particularly  inter¬ 
ested  in  the  subject  of  grading  and  pack¬ 
ing,  and  was  much  pleased  to  notice  that 
the  ‘utmost  care  is  taken  to  have  the  bar¬ 
rels  always  packed  with  stock  that  will 
bear  inspection,  and  be  found  to  be  a  fair 
average  from  top  to  bottom  of  package, 
and  be  found  to  be  as  nearly  as  possible 
equally  as  good  size  as  those  used  in  facing. 
Although  cold-storage  has  not  yet  been 
established  among  these  growers,  it  is  the 
prospect  that  this  important  provision  will 
be  added  in  a  year  or  two.  With  this 
needed  equipment  installed,  the  growers 
will  be  more  independent  than  now,  in  re¬ 
gard  to  holding  the  crop  for  more  favor¬ 
able  markets.  The  present  storage  ca¬ 
pacity  of  this  immediate  section  is  in  the 
neighborhood  of  100,000  barrels,  and  with 
the  addition  of  cold-storage,  this  amount 
will  be  considerably  increased. 

I  learned  that  the  varieties  most  in 
favor  in  this  section  are  few.  Willow 
seems  to  be  first  on  the  list,  with  most 
growers.  Then  come  Rome  Beauty,  Bent¬ 
ley’s  Sweet,  some  Jonathan,  and  many 
planters  still  bold  on  to  Ben  Davis.  They 
say  that  it  pays  as  well  as  almost  any 
other  sort,  taking  one  year  with  another. 
Maiden  Blush  and  Rambo  are  in  favor  fol¬ 
iate  Summer  and  Fall  trade,  and  are  found 
to  pay  well,  meeting  a  good  family  de¬ 
mand,  at  fair  prices.  Grimes  Golden,  al¬ 
though  this  is  near  the  place  of  its  origin, 
is  not  grown  to  any  considerable  extent, 
except  on  the  higher  hills  back  from  the 
river.  On  the  limestone  uplands  it  is  a 
fair  crop.  The  usual  distance  for  plant¬ 
ing  apple  trees  in  orchard  is  40  feet  each 
way,  and  for  four  or  five  years  the  ground 
is  cropped  with  melons  or  potatoes.  After 
that  time  the  trees  are  large  enough  to 
make  further  cultivation  unnecessary. 
Then  cow  peas  are  sown  about  the  1st  of 
June.  In  September  rye  is  broadcast  in 
the  standing  peas.  From  September  until 
frost  the  peas  are  fed  green  to  stock.  When 
killed  by  frost,  what  vines  are  left  are 
allowed  to  decay  on  the  ground.  It  is 
not  the  practice  to  plow  them  under,  as  it 
is  supposed  to  produce  too  much  fermenta¬ 
tion  in  the  soil. 

It  may  be  of  interest  to  state  that  the 
culture  of  cow  peas  was  first  undertaken 
in  this  valley  about  15  years  ago,  as  the 
result  of  a  canr-'  -a  of  education  carried 
on  in  the  editorial  columns  of  The  It. 
N.-Y.  In  this  way  the  value  of  the  plant 
as  a  soil  builder  and  producer  of  nitrogen 
in  the  soil  was  brought  to  notice  in  this 
section.  One  grower  told  me  that  he 


started  in  at  that  time  with  15  bushels  of 
seed  and  had  kept  on  increasing  his  acre¬ 
age,  until  he  now  uses  150  bushels  of  seed 
annually. 

The  system  of  fertilizing  in  this  valley 
in  most  general  use  is  about  as  follows : 
First  year,  potash,  200  pounds  per  acre; 
second  year,  raw  bone,  600  pounds  per 
acre;  third  year,  lime,  one  to  1%  ton  per 
acre.  The  spraying  operations  begin  in 
Fall  with  an  application  of  a  10  per  cent, 
solution  crude  oil  and  lime-sulphur  for 
Oyster-shell  louse  after  fruit  is  gathered 
and  leaves  fallen.  In  Spring,  arsenate  of 
lead  is  used  as  the  bloom  is  dropping,  then 
again  10  days  later,  and  a  final  spraying 
is  given  of  the  same  preparation  about  the 
10th  of  June.  In  concluding  this  brief 
and  imperfect  sketch  of  a  section  of  coun¬ 
try  that  interests  me  greatly,  I  may  add 
that  land  is  held  so  high  in  price  as  to  be 
practically  out  of  consideration.  There  is, 
in  fact,  very  little  land  for  sale  at  any 
price,  and  I  was  told  of  one  owner  of 
orchard  and  farm  land  who  had  refused 
an  offer  of  ?500  per  acre  for  a  tract  of 
nearly  500  acres.  This,  however,  was  an 
extreme  price,  offered  by  a  large  manufac¬ 
turing  corporation  for  the  location  for  plant 
and  townsite.  x.  c.  d. 


Spraying  and  Pasture  Grass. 

Will  you  let  me  know  what  I  can  use  to 
spray  my  apple  orchard  with  for  the  San 
Jose  scale,  which  will  not  poison  the  grass 
for  pasture  or  for  hay?  c.  G.  s. 

Wolcott,  N.  Y. 

Soluble  oil  or  lime-sulphur  used  while  the 
trees  are  dormant  will  kill  the  scale,  and,  of 
course,  at  that  time  there  is  no  grass  to 
poison. 


Two  Crops  off  High-priced  Land. 

If  land  cost  $400  per  acre  and  is  within 
a  third  of  a  mile  of  a  city  of  200,000  peo¬ 
ple,  advise  us  as  to  two  of  the  most  profit¬ 
able  crops  to  grow  on  this  land  that  can 
be  put  into  the  market  on  or  before  the 
25th  of  December.  This  is  fertile  corn 
land,  and  would  probably  produce  40  bush¬ 
els  an  acre  without  more  nourishment  an 
average  season.  Potatoes  and  oats  have 
been  named.  How  will  potatoes  and  can- 
teloupes  work  on  such  land?  c.  s. 

Columbus,  Ohio. 

If  a  man  is  to  raise  but  two  crops  they 
should  be  almost  as  much  a  part  of  him  as 
his  two  bands — that  is,  he  should  be  ex¬ 
actly  suited  to  them  and  know  all  their  re¬ 
quirements.  Potatoes  would  be  good  for 
one  asparagus,  cabbage,  melons  or  straw¬ 
berries.  We  should  take  potatoes  and  either 
strawberries  or  asparagus. 


Drilling  Wheat  Both  Ways. 

I  have  had  some  experience  in  that  line 
of  double  seeding.  Through  mistake  in  set¬ 
ting  the  drill  I  put  more  than  2 Mi  bushels 
to  acre,  and  got  but  18  bushels  at  thrash¬ 
ing  time,  too  much  straw,  small  graius.  Do 
we  not  see  at  the  corners  of  fields,  so  much 
of  that  small  straw  business?  1  sowed 
six  acres  in  same  kind  of  ground,  1 V±  bushel 
to  acre  as  we  do  commonly  here  in  Indiana, 
and  got  25  bushels  to  acre,  just  about  right 
for  our  lands  in  this  latitude.  1  am  in¬ 
formed  that  if  farmers  sow  more  than  one- 
half  to  three-fourths  in  the  southwest,  they 
get  nothing  much  as  in  Oklahoma  and  Kan¬ 
sas  and  the  southwest  generally.  They  fail, 
if  they  use  our  amount  of  seed  to  acre.  I 
think  *  I  am  borne  out  in  this  by  all  the 
different  State  experiment  stations ;  every¬ 
where  there  is  a  recoru  kept  on  this  sub¬ 
ject  obtainable  by  anyone  for  the  asking. 
Send  for  one  or  more.  1  have  known  some 
of  the  verv  best  farmers  to  harrow  their 
wheat  in  the  Spring  to  thin  it  out,  and  it 
gave  the  newly  sown  clover  an  excellent 
stand  by  cutting  the  crust  of  the  packed 
ground  it  gave  the  small  grain  an  excel¬ 
lent  stand,  and  this  was  done  the  first  of 
June.  The  wheat  was  so  thick  that  it  was 
turning  brown  at  the  ground. 

j.  E.  H. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention.  The 
K.  N.-Y.  aud  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  pag^-  ’J) 


E^S-KEROSENE 


For  Farm,  Sbop  and  Home 

Runs  perfectly  on  kerosene,  gasoline, 
distillate,  any  fuel  oil.  Hundred  less 
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gines  for  price  of  one.  Single  spark 
ignition  saves  75%  battery  cost.  Force 
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Experience  unneees 
sary  Women  can  op¬ 
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Comes  complete,  test¬ 
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Twice  as  good  at  half 
the  price. 

Free  Trial 

No  obligation  till  satis¬ 
fied  10-year  gusranlee. 

"Bwrine  Facts"  free; 
write  for  it  NO  W 

FT.T.TS  ENGINE 


“KANT-KLOG” 
SPRAYERS 

Something  New 


Spraying 

Guide  Free 


Gets  twice  the  results- 
wlth  same  labor  and  fluid.  V 
Flat  or  round,  fin  e  or  coarse  sprays 
from  same  nozzle.  Ten  6tyles.  For 
trees,  potatoes,  gardens,  whitewashing, 
etc.  Agents  Wanted,  Booklet  Free. 

Rochester  Spray  Pump  Co.  Bo“  Ksfv. 


Pure  Canada  Unleached  Hardwood  Ashes 

“THE  JOYNT  BRAND” 

“THE  BEST  BY  TEST” 

Now  is  the  time  to  order  your  fertilizer  for  this 
season.  There  is  none  Better  lor  all  crops  than 
pure  wood  ashes.  My  ashes  are  all  collected  from 
house  to  house  where  wood  is  use.s  for  fuel. 

Write  for  Prices  Delivered  at  your  station. 


Address:  .JOHN  JOYNT 

Lucknow,  Out.  Canada 

Reference  :  llradatreeta  Agency  or  Molsons  Bank,  Buck  new 


The  Different  Seeds  that  a 
Grain  Drill  Should  Sow. 

Diversified  farming  has  been  and  is 
urged  upon  the  attention  of  our  farm¬ 
ers.  There  are  good  and  sufficient 
reasons  why  this  is  an  excellent  plan 
and  we  believe  that  our  readers  are 
pretty  well  posted  on  the  subject.  Per¬ 
haps  some  farmers  think  that  all  a  grain 
drill  should  be  expected  to  sow  is  wheat, 
oats,  rye,  barley  and  various  grass  seeds. 
The  fact  of  the  matter  is  that  a  grain 
drill  should  be  able  to  successfully  sow 
any  kind  of  seed  that  man  is  likely  to 
plant  with  a  grain  drill,  from  the  small 
grasses  to  large  bush  Lima  beans,  with¬ 
out  injury  to  the  seed,  and  in  such 
quantities  as  are  known  to  be  proper. 
The  Empire  Grain  Drill — which  is  made 
in  a  large  number  of  styles  and  sizes, 
both  plain  grain  and  combined  grain 
and  fertilizer — will  successfully  sow  any 
and  every  kind  of  seed,  and  there  are 
none  too  large  or  small.  With  it  a  man 
can  plant  all  his  small  grains  and  grasses 
and  in  addition,  he  can  sow  peas,  beans, 
beets,  corn,  flax,  etc.  The  Empire  Grain 
Drill  is  manufactured  by  The  American 
Seeding-Machine  Co.,  Incorporated* 
Richmond,  Ind.  Send  for  a  copy  <>)'  their 
Empire  catalogue.  Read  it  carefully  and 
then  go  to  your  implement  dealer  and  in¬ 
sist  on  seeing  the  Empire.  This  drill  is 
sold  under  such  a  liberal  guarantee  that 
no  person  runs  the  slightest  risk  in  pur¬ 
chasing. 


•  i  ■  NO -MONEY. IN -ADVANCE  — HO 

BANK  DEPOSIT  —  PAY  AFTER  IT 
HAS  PAID  FOR  ITSELF 

LE.T  US  SEND  YOU  ANY  OF  THE.SE.  SPRAYERS— to  try  for  10  days, 
then  if  you  buy,  you  can  pay  us  cash  or  we’ll  wait  till  you  sell  your  crop,  then 


*  — 

Man-Power  Potato  i 

Sprays  “anything”  —  po 
flme.  Also  first-class  tree 
vents  blight,  bugs,  scab  am 
In  half.  High  pressure  frt 
Spray  arms  adjust  to  any  wi 
in  price,  light,  strong  and  dui 
FIVE  FUEL  YEARS.  Nee 
trial.”  You  can  get  one  free  j 
Write  today. 

and  Orchard  Sprayer. 

tatoes  or  truck.  4  rows  at  a 
sprayer.  Vapor  spray  pre- 
1  rot  from  cutting  your  crop 
>m  big  wheel.  Pushes  easy. 
dth  or  height  of  row.  Cheap 
rable.  GCARANTEEDFOU 
dn't-send-a-centto  get  it  “on 
if  you  are  ilrstin  your  locality. 

Horse-Power  Potato  and  Orchard  Sprayer. 

For  big  growers.  Most  powerful  machine  made.  (0  to 
100  gallon  tank  for  one  or  two  horses.  Steel  a-le.  One- 
piece-heavy-angle-iron  frame,  cypress  wood  tank  with 
adjustable  round  iron  hoops.  Metal  wheels.  “Adjust- 


with  “ your  money «»  your  pocket."  See  free  offer  below. 
Write  today. 


Fitz-All  Barrel  Sprayer. 

Fits  any  barrel  or  tank.  High  pressure, 
perfect  agitation,  easy  to  operate.  Brass 
bail-valves,  plunger,  strainer,  etc.  Auto¬ 
matic  strainer.  2io  “cup  leathers  or  rub¬ 
ber”  about  any  of  our  sprayers.  Furn¬ 
ished  plain,  mounted  on  barrel,  or  on 
wheels  as  shown.  Five  year  guarantee. 
It  don’t  cost  you  “a  cent”  to  try  it  in  your 
orchard.  Get  one  free.  See  behno. 

Write  toduy. 


You  can  get  a  Hurst  Sprayer  absolutely  free 
If  you  are  the  first  in  your  locality  this  season 
to  send  for  one  of  our  sprayers  for  trial. 
You  need  do  no  canvassing  or  soliciting.  It 
will  only  take  15  minutes  of  your  time.  We  do  the  work. 
When  you  get  a  sprayer  from  us  you  get  the  benefit  of  our 
24  years  experience  in  manufacturing  sprayers.  Hnrst 
Sprayers  won  the  gold  medal  at  the  National  Horticultural 
Congress  spraying  machine  contest.  Send  us  a  postal  or 
mark  the  attached  coupon  and  mail  it  to  us  and  we  will 
send  you  our  fine  catalog,  spraying  guide,  and  will  tell  you 
how  you  can  get  a  sprayer  free.  Don’t  delay,  write  us  at 
once  for  our  free  sprayer  proposition  and  save  money. 

H.  L.  HURST  MFC.  CO.,   284  Worth  St.,  Canton,  Ohio 


H.  L.  HURST  MFO.  CO.,  2S4  North  St.,  Canton,  O. 

Send  me  your  Catalog,  Spraying  Guide  and  “special 
offer”  on  the  sprayer  marked  with  an  X  below. 

. Man-Power  Potato  and  Orchard  Sprayer. 

. Horse- Power  Potato  and  Orchard  Sprayer. 

. Fitz-AU  Barrel  Sprayer. 

. 4-  Wheel  Orchard  Sprayer. 

NAME . 

ADDRESS..  — . . . 


COUPON- 

Fill  Out  and 
Sand  todai 


mi. 


201 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


BLUEBERRY  CULTURE. 

G.  IT.  M.,  I'audreuil,  IVfs. — What  do  you 
think  of  the  chances  of  going  into  biue- 
berry  culture?  I  have  natural  blueberry 
ground.  Where  can  1  get  some  pointers'? 
You  spoke  of  a  bulletin  that  had  been 
issued  somewhere.  What  is  this  publica¬ 
tion  ? 

Ans.— The  bulletin  referred  to  is  No. 
193,  “Experiments  in  Blueberry  Cul¬ 
ture,”  issued  by  the  Bureau  of  Plant 
Industry,  U.  S.  Department  of  Agricul¬ 
ture.  According  to  this  bulletin,  two 
methods  are  suggested  for  those  who 
wish  to  experiment  in  the  culture  of 
the  swamp  blueberry. 

The  first  method,  suited  to  upland  soils, 
is  to  set  the  plants  in  trenches  or  separate 
holes  in  well-rotted  peat  at  least  a  foot 
in  depth,  and  mulch  the  surface  well  either 
with  leaves  or  with  clean  sand.  The  ex¬ 
cavations  should  provide  ample  space  for 
new  growth  of  the  roots,  not  less  than  a 
foot  each  way  from  the  surface  of  the  old 
root  ball.  The  peat  used  may  be  of  cither 
the  bog  or  upland  type,  as  described  on 
pages  112  to  35  of  this  publication,  and 


BLUEBERRY  IN  LIMED  AND  UNLIMED 
SOIL.  Fig.  64. 

should  have  been  rotted  for  several  months 
before  using.  The  soil  in  which  the  holes 
or  trenches  are  situated  should  be  such  as 
to  provide  good  drainage,  the  ideal  condi¬ 
tion  of  the  peat  about  the  roots  of  the 
plant  being  one  of  continued  moisture  dur¬ 
ing  the  growing  season,  but  with  all  the 
free  water  draining  away  readily  so  that 
thorough  aeration  of  the  mass  of 
assured.  If  the  surrounding  soil 
eiently  porous  to  insure  the 


so 

peat  is 
is  su di- 
maintenance 


of  such  a  moist  and  aerated  condition, 
without  the  necessity  of  mixing  sand  with 
the  peat,  better  growth,  it  is  believed,  will 
be  secured  than  when  such  a  mixture  is 
used. 

The  second  method  of  field  culture  sug¬ 
gested  is  to  set  out  the  plants  in  a  peat 
bog  after  the  bog  has  been  drained,  turfed 
and  deeply,  mulched  with  sand.  The  treat¬ 
ment  proposed  is  the  same  as  that  em¬ 
ployed  in  cranberry  culture,  except  that  no 
special  provision  need  be  made  for  rapid 
flooding  of  the  bog  for  Winter.  The  ground 
water  in  the  bog  may  probably  be  kept 
with  advantage  a  little  lower  than  is  usual 
with  cranberries.  This  method  of  culture 
is  suggested  not  only  because  of  the  close 
botanical  relationship  of  the  swamp  blue¬ 
berry  and  the  cranberry  and  the  known 
similarity  of  their  physiological  require¬ 
ments  in  the  matter  of  peat  and  moisture, 
as  well  as  the  presence  of  a  mvcorrhizal 
fungus  in  the  roots  of  both,  but'  also  and 
especially  because  the  most  robust  growth 
in  all  the  pot  experiments  occurred  when 
the  roots  of  the  plant  were  feeding  on 
pure  peat  and  the  pots  were  surrounded  bv 
moist  sand.  In  all'  the  field  plantings 
thus  far  made  the  plants  were  set  out 
while  in  full  growth.  Although  most  of 
them  were  in  pots  when  transplanted,  and 
therefore  carried  their  entire  root  system 
with  them,  nevertheless  it  is  regarded  as 
highly  probable  that  a  better  plan  would 
be  to  set  the  plants  out  when  dormant,  In 
the  early  Spring  of  their  second  year. 
Such  a  [dan  would  offer  several  advantages 
which  it  is  hardly  necessary  to  recount. 
For  several  days  after  transplanting,  the 
plants  were  partially  shaded.  Paper  and 
the  branches  of  various  trees  and  bushes 
were  tried  for  this  purpose.  Pine  branches 
stuck  in  the  ground  on  the  south  side  of 
the  plants  were  found  by  far  the  best  of 
the  shades  used.  The  soil  about  the  plants 
was  mulched  in  most  cases  with  dead 
leaves,  held  in  place  when  necessary  by  a 
little  earth  thrown  over  them. 

Prof.  Coville  conducted  a  series  of  in¬ 
teresting  experiments  as  to  the  soil  re¬ 
quirements  of  the  blueberry.  In  these 
blueberry  seedlings  were  planted  in  glass 
pots,  permitting  a  study  of  the  root  sys¬ 
tem,  in  soils  of  varying  composition. 
Briefly  stated,  it  was  found  that  ordi- 
iiary  gay  den  soil  is  completely  unsuited 
to  the  blueberry,  which  requires  an  acid 
Peaty  soil,  in  which  most  garden  plants 
dwindle  or  die.  Heavy  manuring  is 
another  enemy  to  the  blueberry,  but 
most  unfriendly  of  all  is  a  soil  made 
sweet  by  lime.  This  is  told  in  a  very 
convincing  way  in  Fig.  64,  where  the 
little  seedling  on  the  left  shows 
growth  in  peat  soil  sweetened  with  lime, 
while  the  larger  plant  at  the  right  grows 
in  unlimed  peat  mixture. 

The  blueberry  also  shows  an  aversion 
to  clay  soils,  and  it  does  not  thrive  in 
a  thoroughly  rotted  leaf  mold,  which  is 
lacking  in  acidity.  Furthermore,  it  is 
found  that  the  rootlets  of  the  swamp 
blueberry  are  inhabited  by  a  fungus 
which  is  believed  to  transform  the  non- 
available  nitrogen  of-  peaty  soils  into  a 
form  of  nitrogen  available  for  the  plant. 


It  does  not,  however,  seem  to  be  neces¬ 
sary  to  inoculate  the  soil  to  secure  the 
presence  of  this  fungus. 

The  swamp  blueberry  is  propagated 
by  seeds,  grafting,  budding,  layering, 
twig  cuttings  and  root  cuttings.  Bud¬ 
ding  gave  a  small  percentage  of  suc¬ 
cess.  The  surest  method  of  propagating 
a  selected  blueberry  bush  is  by  layering, 
but  this  is  a  slow  process.  Grafting  is 
objectionable,  because  the  blueberry 
plant  has  a  habit  of  continually  sending 
up  new  shoots  to  replace  the  old  stems. 
Propagation  by  cuttings  either  of  stem 
or  roots  is  free  from  these  objections, 
the  only  drawback  being  the  difficulty  in 
making  a  high  percentage  of  the  cut¬ 
tings  grow.  While  plants  have  been 
grown  from  both  root  and  -stem  cuttings, 


BLUEBERRY  FROM  ROOT  CUTTING. 
Fig.  05. 

results  were  so  variable  that  Prof.  Co¬ 
ville  does  not  feel  able  to  recommend 
any  particular  method  at  present. 


Curing  Over-Limed  Land. 

Noticing  D.  D.  C.’s  article  on  page  98 
asking  what  to  do  with  land  on  which 
an  excess  of  marl  has  been  used,  I  have 
noticed  several  complaints  of  this  nature 
from  the  eastern  part  of  Virginia,  and 
the  idea  has  often  occurred  that  this 
condition  could  be  overcome  by  plowing 
the  land  very  much  deeper  than  usual. 
A  better  way  would  be  to  run  two  plows, 
one  after  the  other,  as  described  by  the 
U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture  for 
eradicating  wild  onions.  If  the  trouble 
is  due  to  excessive  alkalinity  this  would 
reduce  it,  but  if  the  trouble  is  more  of  a 
physical  nature,  which  I  think  is  the 
case  (the  capillarity  of  the  soil  being 
very  much  reduced  by  the  microscopic 
shells),  the  mixing  of  more  clay  from 
the  subsoil  would  certainly  prove  bene¬ 
ficial.  c.  N.  SANDERS. 

Virginia.  * 


Save  50 %  nnAriyn 
on'  Breco”  liUUrlSIU 

T"  DIRECT  from  factory— 

1  r,ov<i5°%  cash  savings  direct-to-you  on  old  re- 
'Ereco"  Rubber  Roof— guaranteed  water- 
proof,  fire-resisting  and  long-lived.  Special  process 
of  long  fibre  wool  felt  saturated  in  asphalt.  Heavily 
coated  on  both  sides.  Cannot  crack,  wrlnkleorleak. 

Freight  Prepaid 

We  pay  the  freight  to  all  points  east  of  the  wes¬ 
tern  boundary  llneof  Minnesota,  Iowa  and  Missouri, 
ana  north  of  the  south  line  of  Tennessee.  Every  roll 
of  our  Roofing  is  exactly  alike— always  uniform— 
never  varying  m  any  particulars.  Write  for  sam¬ 
ples  and  booh.  Satistaction  guaranteed  or  money 
back.  Such  remarkably  low  prices  may  never  be  of¬ 
fered  you  again.  Don't  wait.  Write  Now. 

The  Breeso  Bros.  Co., 

Roofing  Dspt,  11,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 


Fppo  Cement  and  Special  Root-  __ 

*  lug  Nails  Inclosed  In  Book 

and 


each  roll. 


ma m » a 

JACOBSON 

SELF-CONTAINED  ENGINE  WITH  AUTOMATIC  DRAINING 
WATER  TANK. 

No  Freezing  No  Overheating 

No  Large  Water  Tank 

The  Agency  is  available  in  some  sections  and 

«...  1 .. ..  1 .1 ..  ..ii 


valuable  in  n 

JACOBSON  MACHINE  MFC.  CO. 
ill  Irvine  Street  Warren. Pa. 


ulbiplyTbur  Profits  With 
This  Proved  Farm  Power 

YOU  have  invested  a  certain  amount  of  money  in  your  farm  ma¬ 
chines— -your  separator — fanning  mill — ensilage  cutter — pump. 
To  make  that  investment  pay  dividends,  these  machines  must  be 
operated  at  highest  efficiency  and  the  least  possible  cost. 

Years  of  splendid  service  have  shown  that  the  most  efficient  oper¬ 
ator  of  farm  machines  is  an 

I  H  C  GASOLINE  ENGINE 

All  I  H  C  engines  are  conservatively  rated — each  engine  easily 
developing  10  to  30  per  cent  more  than  its  listed  horse  power. 

The  I  H  C  is  simple— its  parts  few  and  strong.  This  makes  it 
easy  to  clean  and  keep  in  good  condition,  and  gives  it  lasting  qualities  not 
to  be  found  on  more  complicated  engines. 

I  H  C  Gasoline  Engines  are  built 
in  all  styles  and  sizes  1  to  45-H.P.  verti¬ 
cal  and  horizontal — stationary,  portable, 
or  tractor. 

No  matter  what  work  you  want  done, 
there  is  an  I  H  C  to  do  it.  See  the 
I  H  C  local  dealer  and  pick  out  the 
engine  you  need.  Get  it  to  work  saving 
you  time  and  money  and  increasing  your 
production.  If  you  prefer,  write  direct 
for  catalogue  and  full  information. 


I  H  C  Service  Bureau 

The  purpose  of  this 
Bureau  is  to  furnish 
farmers  with  infor¬ 
mation  on  better 
farming.  If  you 
have  any  worthy 
question  concerning 
soils,  crops,  pests, 
fertilizer,  etc.,  write 
to  the  I  H  C  Serv¬ 
ice  Bureau,  and 
learn  what  our  ex¬ 
perts  and  others 
have  found  out 
concerning  those 
subjects. 


International  Harvester  Company  of  America 


GALLOWAY 


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202 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


February  18, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


FLORIDA  NOTES.  No.  2. 


The  cow  was  there  and  when  those  dogs 
saw  us  approaching  her  they  went  back  to 
lie  down,  evidently  well  satisfied  that  old 
“black  and  white”  could  take  care  of  her¬ 
self.  And  she  could !  It  was  a  typical 
woods  cow,  larger  than  the  average,  but 
with  the  same  tremendous  growth  of  horn 
and  bone.  That  cow  was  not  giving  three 
pints  of  milk,  though  there  was  a  young 
calf  running  about.  I  can  well  understand 
•why  this  clergyman  did  not  care  to  do 
business  on  Sunday  -with  such  a  cow  !  I 
have  heard  about  deacons  who  trade  horses, 


and  I  would  match  them  against  clergymen 
who  sell  “two-gallon  cows.”  I  have,  since 
then,  been  kicked  while  milking  a  Honda 
cow  and  had  part  of  the  milk  put  on  m> 
clothes,  and  1  know  that  ‘three-gallon 
cows”  are  figured  like  the  big  fish  that  got 
away—  you  guess  at  the  amount  and  mul¬ 
tiply  the  guess.  Back  we  wandered  through 
the  darkness,  which  comes  on  rapidly  in 
Florida.  There  was  a  little  mist  of  fine 
rain,  and  these  abandoned  houses  looked 
like  the  wrecks  of  homes  as  old  Prank 

toiled  past  them.  , 

“Seems  like  he  must,  he  lonesome,  said 
Uncle  Ed,  as  he  pointed  through  the  dim 
light  off  into  the  woods.  There  was  a 
single  gravestone  right  in  the  forest.  it 
was,  no  doubt,  the  beginning  of  a  grave¬ 
yard.  This  single  grave  had  been  made  at 
the  time  of  the  great  freeze.  Bike  the 
homes,  it  was  abandoned,  and  the  pine 
forest  had  closed  in  and  grown  back  to  its 
own.  Happily  the  sleeper  is  no.  longer 
troubled  by  the  petty  freaks  of  nature  or 
man  which  may  change  the  history  of  coun¬ 


tries.  ,  _  . 

Of  course  we  had  our  excuses  for  not 
bringing  home  a  cow.  Mine  was  that  the 
color  did  not  suit  the  complexion  of  my 
wife  and  daughter.  We  were  ready  to  fol¬ 
low  up  several  now  trails  in  the  inoining. 
After  supper  I  was  just  in  time  to  see  a 
couple  of  the  little  red-heads  get  ready  for 
bed  There  were  several  tablespoonfuls  of 
sand  poured  out  of  each  little  shoe,  there 
were  sand  burrs  to  be  picked  out,  and  feet 
and  face  and  hands  that  turned  water  close 
to  the  color  of  ink.  But  they  were  finally 
soaked  clean  and  tucked  away  into  bod  to 
dream  of  another  sunny  day  in  the  Florida 
sand.  When  the  sun  goes  down  in  this 
country  there  comes  a  sudden  chill  in  the 
air,  and  an  open  fire  is  pleasant.  So  after 
supper  a  good  fire  of  logs  was  started  in 
the  fireplace  and  our  folks  gathered  around 
it  Heat  is  rarely  needed  in  the  sleeping 
rooms.  In  case  of  need  little  stoves  per¬ 
haps  the  size  of  a  peck  measure  are  put  in 
these  rooms  and  a  fire  of  fat  pine  wood 
quickly  supplies  the  heat.  The  open  fire  is 
usually  started  at  night,  and  it  makes  a 
fine  gathering  place  for  the  family.  The 
(old  snap  that  I  spoke  of  two  •weeks  ago 
did  little  damage.  Water  pipes  froze  and 
potatoes  were  killed,  but  the  oranges  were 
not  injured.  The  only  members  of  the 
family  to  complain  seriously  of  the  cold 
were  the  boys  who  had  to  do  extra  work 
cutting  wood.  You  will  see  that  life  pro¬ 
ceeds  in  a  very  leisurely  way  in  this  part 
of  Florida.  There  is  not  a  policeman  or  a 
lawyer  or  a  constable  within  miles  of  us. 
My  family  provided  the  entire  attendance 
at  prayer  meeting  and  practically  all  the 
congregation  at  church.  There  are  not 
enough  white  children  for  a  public  school, 
though  the  colored  people  have  one.  We 
have  a  private  school  here,  with  about  a 
dozen  or  14  pupils — including  some  “na¬ 
tives.”  The  down  train  to-day  had  a  “hot 
box”  on  one  of  the  cars,  and  delayed  10 
minutes  trying  to  cool  it  off.  That  meant 
more  to  our  place  than  a  murder  would 
mean  to  Broadway.  Three  of  our  people 
spent  the  day  at  St.  Augustine.  They  had 
to  get  up  at  three  o'clock  in  the  morning 
and  signal  the  train  by  waving  a  lantern. 
They  will  be  back  at  midnight  and  as  I 
write  the  boy  has  gone  to  leave  a  lantern 
over  by  the'  station.  This  reception  com¬ 
mittee  'will  welcome  them.  All  they  have 
to  do  is  to  pick  it  up  and  find  their  way 
home  without  disturbing  the  rest. 


Another  Cow.— The  clergyman’s  cow 
rather  dried  up  the  spring  of  hope,  but 
when  morning  came  we  were  ready  for 
the  trail — especially  after  eating  oatmeal 
with  “dissolved”  milk.  This  time  we  went 
prepared  for  a  campaign,  and  carried  a 
lunch  large  enough  for  a  good-sized  army. 
It  was  not  a  case  of  “sunny  Florida”  this 
time,  for  the  sky  was  cloudy  with  a  chill 
in  the  air  and  promise  of  rain.  1  took  my 
thick  overcoat— and  it  turned  out  to  be  a 
good  job.  This  time  we  took  a  new  road 
which  ran  through  a  more  hopeful  country. 
There  were  some  abandoned  houses — mostly 
in  the  lowlands  near  the  lakes,  for  until 
a  man  becomes  part  alligator  he  cannot 
go  into  the  wet  Florida  lands  and  live  in 
comfort.  One  unhappy  victim  of  a  land 
boom  told  me  that  when  he  found  a  place 
where  he  could  make  a  living  he  was  in  a 
place  where  no  man  could  live !  That  was 
pretty  nearly  true  of  old  ideas  in  Florida, 
but  is  I  believe  now  disproved.  As  our 
road  swung  away  from  the  lake  lands  we 
worked  gradually  upon  a  sandy  ridge.  At 
intervals  along  the  road  were  neat  houses 
and  prosperous  little  farms.  Each  one 
had  an  orange  grove  and  cleared  land  for 
farm  crops.  The  people  seemed  for  the 
most  part  middle-aged  and  mostly  from  the 
North.  Only  here  and  there  did  one  ever 
sec  a  white  child,  and  that  seemed  to  be 
guarded  as  a  remarkable  treasure.  You  got 
the  notion  in  riding  over  this  road  that  here 
was  a  community  of  Winter  homes  where 
people  past  the  prime  of  life  and  with 
reasonable  capital  were  putting  the  full 
value  upon  the  Florida  climate  in  order  to 
figure  a  profit.  One  place  in  particular  in- 
te rested  me.  A  man  and  his  wife  of  perhaps 
60  had  a  neatly  painted  house,  a  young 
orange  grove  and  a  good  herd  of  hogs 
running  in  a  fenced  yard.  A  good  mule 
stood  inside  a  log  pen  and  tools  were  under 
a  shed.  I  believe  10  good  brood  sows 
properly  handled  in  that  country  will  pay 
better  than  any  orange  grove  that  one  man 
can  handle,  for  the  future  of  northern 
Florida  will,  I  am  sure,  be  based  on  some 
form  of  live  stock  keeping. 

But  we  were  after  a  cow.  The  first  one 
we  struck  was  at  the  point  of  "going  dry” — 
a  little  yellow  mongrel  with  big  horns.  The 


next  one,  reported  as  a  “two-gallon”  animal, 
was  in  a  10-acre  pasture  full  of  palmetto 
and  brush.  We  were  instructed  to  hunt 
her  up.  It  was  like  a  fox  hunt,  but  finally 
we  found  a  small  black  animal,  wild  as 
a  hawk,  and  probably  giving  three  quarts 
of  milk !  That  was  the  way  it  went 
through  the  forenoon,  and  1  cannot  say  that 
the  hunt  seemed  promising  as  we  halted  old 
Frank  under  a  pine  tree  and  proceeded  to 
milk  the  package  of  lunch  which  Aunt 
l’atience  had  put  up  for  us. 

“Well,”  said  Uncle  Ed,  as  he  scraped  up 
the  last  crumbs  of  cake,  “ there  are  some 
things  that  money  can't  huy.” 

I  do  not  know  whether  he  referred  to 
cows  or  to  the  appetite  we  had  just  satis¬ 
fied,  but  in  either  case  there  was  no  argu¬ 
ment  against  his  statement.  We  were  now 
in  a  verv  much  better  section — near  a  large 
town  built  on  a  bluff  by  the  side  of  Lake 
Orescent.  All  along  the  road  were  groves 
of  orange  gnd  grapefruit  which  were  loaded 
witli  a  fine  crop.  The  road  was  a  mixture 
of  clay  and  sand,  well  built  and  firm. 
The  drive  along  it  through  these  fine  groves 
is  one  to  be  long  .remembered.  They  were 
well  eared  for,  and  in  one  or  two  young 
orchards  I  saw  fife  pots  all  ready  to  be 
started  in  case  the  temperature  went  down. 
There  is  the  menace  which  constantly  hangs 
over  orange  growing  in  ttiis  section.  The 
groves  have  been  frozen  several  times.  As 
stated  last  week,  the  “great  freeze”  dis¬ 
couraged  a  large  share  of  the  growers.  Here 
by  Lake  Crescent  men  with  capital  and  good 
nerve  stayed  by  the  trees  and  made  them 
come  bahk  into  bearing.  It  is  a  great 
gamble,  for  while  the  groves  are  now  the 
picture  of  health  a  single  night  may  spell 
ruin.  Jack  Frost  has  only  to  stretch  his 
wing  a  little  and  shake  the  tip  of  a 
feather  over  North  Florida,  and  the  work 
of  years  will  be  blasted.  And  even  with 
years  of  good  nature  on  the  part  of  old 
jack  Frost  human  nature  in  the  form  of 
the  middleman  steps  in  and  takes  the  con¬ 
sumer's  dollar.  I  went  through  a  couple  of 
packing  houses  run  by  the  Florida  Fruit  Ex¬ 
change  and  looked  over  the  returns  made 
for  fruit.  In  one  case  a  shipment  of  beau¬ 
tiful  fruit  netted  the  grower  about  45  cents 
a  box.  In  another  case  a  heavy  over¬ 
charge  bv  the  railroad  made  it  appear  that 
the  growers  must  pay  for  the  privilege  of 
shipping.  When  this  overcharge  is  paid 
back  these  growers  may  get  30  cents  a  box. 
There  might  be  better  figures  if  the  fruit 
could  be  held  back,  but  that  feather  tip  on 
Jack  Frost’s  wing  seems  like  a  mighty 
storm  cloud  when  you  need  the  money  and 
the  fruit  is  ready  to  go.  I  should  consider 
it  a  wicked  thing  for  a  land  boomer  to  ad¬ 
vise  a  northern  man  to  plant  an  orange 
grove  north  of  Tampa.  He  might  get  it 
through  and  raise  a  crop,  but  it  would  be 
a  gamble  with  nature,  and  when  he  did  get 
the  fruit  the  middlemen  would  get  him. 
With  the  millions  of  orange  trees  now  being 
planted  in  California,  Texas,  Porto  Itico  and 
Cuba,  as  well  as  in  Southern  Florida.  I  can 
see  no  future  for  the  industry  above  Tampa. 
There  are  other  things  which  will  do  better. 
You  can  learn  what  they  are  by  going  into 
any  grocery  store  in  Florida  and  noticing 
how  much  of  the  food  sold  there  is  brought 
from  the  North.  We  shall  get  to  this  part 
of  it  when  we  find  that  cow. 

For  we  'did  finally  get  her.  I  intended  to 
have  old  Frank  clipped  in  this  town,  but  as 
usual  iu  this  happy  land,  that  proved  to 
be  a  job  for  “some  other  day.”  A  gentle 
rain  or  thick  mist'  had  begun  to  fall,  and 
we  put  Frank  under  a  shed.  Then  Uncle 
Ed  came  to  me  in  some  excitement.  “Not 
a  word,”  he  said,  “I’ve  heard  of  a  gallon 
and  a  half  cow.”  Then  I  retired  from  the 
front.  I  can't  stand  with  one  foot  upon  a 
box  and  talk  half  an  hour  before  coming 
to  the  point.  Uncle  Ed  beats  me  at  that, 
so  he  went  ahead.  I  was  to  play  the  part 
of  critic  and  find  fault  with  the  cow  when 
it  came  to  figures.  I  wish  I  could  give  a 
picture  showing  Uncle  Ed  arguing  first  with 
a  woman  and  then  with  her  husband  about 
that  cow.  I  felt  sure  they  were  telling 
him  she  was  a  purebred  Jersey  and  had 
her  milk  record  up  to  “two  gallons.”  I 
watched  it  from  a  distance  until  Uncle  Ed 
actually  rode  away  with  tin;  man  in  an 
automobile  which  whirled  around  the  corner 
and  threw  a  shower  of  sand  in  my  direc¬ 
tion. 

While  I  was  waiting  for  the  verdict  1 
wish  I  could  have  had  you  there  to  view 
that  typical  Florida  scene.  The  town  rose 
gently  away  from  the  blue  lake.  The 
streets  are  pure  sand  double  the  width 
of  our  northern  streets,  and  in  the  center 
of  most  of  them  stand  great  trees  covered 
with  hanging  moss.  The  roadway  winds 
round  among  these  trees  and  when  the  sun 
is  showing  it  seems  like  a  glimpse  into 
fairvland  to  look  from  any  street  corner. 
Now  and  then  a  northern  visitor  bringing 
back  his  wasted  health  in  the  Florida  air 
walks  by  with  the  qniek  nervous  step  which 
has  become  an  unbreakable  habit.  For  the 
most  part,  however,  people  walk  with  slow, 
aimless  steps,  as  if  the  foot  were  sure  to 
fall  somewhere  and  that  being  secure  little 
else  matters.  Three  colored  boys  are  play¬ 
ing  ball  in  the  sand.  A  few  cows  and  hogs 
wander  about  the  streets.  One  cow  has 
found  a  place  where  the  barbed  wires  are 
charitable,  and  she  is  at  an  orange  tree. 
I  see  her  reach  up,  pick  an  orange  and  chew 
it  down,  skin  and  all,  in  calm  contentment. 
The  lake  stretches  away  blue  and  clear,  with 
green  shores  and  woods  sweeping  back  from 
it.  It  is  a  picture  of  peace  and  balm  of 
mind.  Nestling  here  by  its  quiet  lake  what 
does  this  village  care  for  the  struggle  and 
roar  of  the  northern  city?  Many  of  those 
who  live  here  are  veterans  who  served  in 
the  business  fight  and  are  here  to  forget 
it 

But  I  did  not  forget  the  cow.  Soon 
Uncle  Ed  came  back  and  led  me  down  a 
street  until  we  came  to  a  sort  of  public 
square.  Here  were  some  half  dozen  cows 
and  a  young  bull — apparently  the  bovine 
population  of  the  town.  Most  of  them 
carried  cow  bells  on  a  strap  at  the  neck. 
There  were  apparently  no  pastures — the 
cows  wandered  through  the  streets  picking 
up  what  they  could  find  a  sucked  orange, 
a  mouthful  of  Southern  moss,  or  whatever 
happened  in  their  way.  The  bull  was 
proudly  mentioned  as  a  “purebred  Jersey” 
but  he  could  not  fit  the  papers.  He  was  a 
silver  grey  with  good  hind  quarters  and  tail, 
but  no  Jersey  ever  had  such  neck  or  horns. 
They  came  out  of  the  woods !  The  cow 
in  question  was  a  grade  Jersey  of  fair  size 
and  shape.  No  one  knew  when  she  would 
be  fresh.  She  looked  as  if  she  were  giving 
about  four  quarts.  She  looked  like  a  fair 
animal,  the  gamble  in  this  case  being  how 
much  milk  you  could  get  out  of  her.  At 
any  rate  she  was  a  coic  and  the  best  bar¬ 
gain  I  had  yet  seen.  H.  w.  c. 


km 


'a  15  YEAR  OLD  DO  Y 
CAN  OPERATE  IT 


How  to  Make  a 
Home  Beautiful 

Coat  your  walls  with  Muresco,  and  you  will  be 
surprised  at  the  beauty  of  the  result. 

Muresco  can  be  applied  over  smooth  hard  plaster, 
or  over  hardwood  or  metal.  Its  cost  is  small. 

MURESCO 

The  Best  Wall  Finish 

Muresco  comes  in  many  tints.  We  supply  stencils  for  decor¬ 
ative  effects. 

Ask  your  dealer  for  M uresco,  or  write  u*  for  literature. 

Moore’s  When  buying  paint,  be  sure  that  you  get 

„  ~  ,  Moore’s  House  Colors.  They  are  econom- 

House  Colors  jcai  anci  durable.  MOORE’S  Paints  and 
Varnishes  for  every  purpose. 

BENJAMIN  MOORE  &  CO. 


Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Cleveland,  O. 


Chicago.  Ill.  Carteret,  N.  J. 

Toronto,  Can. 


One  Man  Can  Make  300  to  600  Perfect  Tile  a  Day 

FARMERS’  CEMENT  TILE  MACHINE 

at  a  cost  of  $3  to  $5  per  1060.  The  only  farm  tile  machine  that  does  not 
require  hand  tamping ;  the  only  farmers’  machine  operated  by  eith¬ 
er  hand  or  power.  Machine  makes  3,  4,5, 6  and  8  inch  tile,  12)4  inches 
long.  Our  Patented  Wafer-Proot  FLEXIBLE  CASING  holds  tile  in  perfect 
shape  till  set.  No  Pallets.  If  after  (A  71  ft  VC^  FDCC  TPIAI 
10  days’ trial  it  does  not  meet  !U  URI  V  rlr.EE  E  IIImL 
with  entire  satisfaction,  return  at  our  expense.  The  price  of  the  ma¬ 
chine  will  he  saved  in  making  your  first  2000  tile.  Can  Yon  Afford  to  Be 
Without  It?  Write  today  for  illustrated  catalogue. 

FARMERS'  CEMENT  TILE  MACHINE  CO., 

Box  OOl  St.  Johns,  Michigan. 


Three  Soils  That  Need  Lime 

Sour — Dense  and  Compact— Loose  and  Porous 


EH  LAND  L.mE 


A  High  Calcium  Lime  in  Powder  Form 

Shipped  in  100-lb.  bags,  ready  to  apply  or  will  keep  until  you  are  ready. 

Most  dealers  carry  it  in  stock;  if  yours  does  not,  please  write  ns. 

Our  free  booklet,  “Liming  the  Land,”  tells  about  the  when,  where  and  how  Of  liming. 

ItOCKLAN D-1KX  K  POUT  UME  CO. 

Boston,  S4  Milk  St.  Iloekland,  Ale.  New  York,  Fifth  Aye.  Bldg; 


M5 


PER  ACRE  and  up;  easy  payments.  Productive  soil,  mild  climate 
fine  water,  good  roads,  close  markets,  unsurpassed  school  and  social  ad 
vantages.  Write  for  beautiful  illustrated  Quarterly,  other  att.rac- 
I  tive  literature  and  cheap  excursion  ratr  s.  F.  H.  LaBaume,  Ag’l  Agt., 
Norfolk  &  Western  Railway,  Box  2047,  Roanoke,  Va. 

,1251* TEAR LY  RAINFALL  45  INCHES!! 


NO 


The  Dickelman 
Manufacturing  Co, 

62  Gormley  St. 
FOREST.  OHIO  A 


- i  \ 

IS 


Guaranteed  for  15  Years — 


again. 


No  More  Roof  Expense 

When  you  use  Dickelman  Extra— your  roof  troubles  are  over.  Our  15-year  guaranty — 
stamped  on  every  roll — and  given  to  you  in  black  and  white  protects  you  absolutely.  It 
simply  means  that  you  will  have  no  more  roof  expense — no  more  roof  troubles — for  at 
least  15  years  after  the  date  you  purchase.  Most 
likely  you  will  never  have  to  roof  the  same  building 
in. 

DICKELMAN  EXTRA 

Galvanized  Metal  Roofing 

We  guarantee  it  for  15  years,  but  know  it  will  last  twice  that  long. 

We  know  that  our  roofing  which  was  put  up  25  years  ago  is  still  in  excellent 
condition— and  should  last  25  years  longer.  We  do  not  simply  tell  you  or  promise 
you  our  roofing  will  last  for  15  years — we  guarantee  it.  Ask  your  dealer  about 
DICKELMAN  EXTRA.  If  he  doesn’t  sell  it,  write  us  at  once  for  sample  and 
our  valuable  roofing  book — sent  prepaid.  Know  why  we  can  guarantee  our  roofing 
for  15  years  while  others  make  vague  promises  that  mean  nothing. 

The  secret  of  the  durability  of  Dickelman  Extra  lies  in  the  wonderful  system 
of  galvanizing — and  the  high  quality  of  the  materials  used.  The  metal  sheet  we 
use  for  a  base  is  made  by  a  special  process  whicfl  leaves  it  tough— yet  pliable 
and  open-grained.  So  the  galvanizing  material  fills  up  the  “pores”— and  actu¬ 
ally  becomes  a  part  of  the  finished  sheet.  This  prevents  it  from  cracking— 

1  —  scaling — wearing  or  rusting  off. 


Send 
Now  for 
Sample 


Get  our  book— 
and  sample,  to 
you  can  test  it 
to  know  for 
yourself  its  su¬ 
periority. 


# 


1911 


2oa 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


Ruralisms 


GARDEN  NOTES. 

Rhubarb. — In  conjunction  with  fruit 
growing,  we  have  been  accustomed  to 
raise  about  1,000  hills  of  rhubarb  and 
have  uniformly  found  it  second  to  no 
other  crop  in  profit  on  our  local  market. 
The  first  of  it  sells  at  50  cents  the  dozen 
bunches,  and  these  bunches  are  small. 
Later  the  price  drops  to  40  cents,  and 
stays  there  throughout  the  season,  while 
the  bunches  grow  larger,  longer  and 
heavier  as  the  stalks  reach  their  full 
size.  In  years  when  fruit  is  scarce,  the 
demand  for  rhubarb  persists  from  Spring 
till  frost,  and  the  aggregate  of  sales 
shows  that  in  such  years  the  income 
may  reach  the  rate  of  $1,000  per  acre. 
The  culture  of  rhubarb  is  exceedingly 
simple,  and  this  low  cost  of  production 
adds  to  the  profit  of  its  sales.  In  the 
late  Fall  the  hills  are  covered  with  a 
mound  of  stable  manure  besides  a  dress¬ 
ing  between  the  rows.  Rhubarb  is  a 
gross  feeder  ,  and  seems  able  to  endure 
unlimited  quantities  of  fertilizer.  The 
stable  manure  also  furnishes  protection 
against  frost.  It  also  conserves  and 
stores  up  heat  from  the  Spring  sun 
rays,  and  thus  stimulates' growth  at  that 
early  date  when  the  market  is  impa¬ 
tiently  waiting  for  the  first  succulent 
growth  of  Spring.  If  the  market  justi¬ 
fies  it  (and  it  generally  does),  a  more 
business-like  system  of  forcing  may  be 
employed  by  setting  barrels  over  the 
clumps.  These  exclude  the  cold  and 
concentrate  heat  and  the  heads  may  be 
kept  off  or  on  according  to  weather  con¬ 
ditions.  Up  till  very  late  years  rhubarb 
was  one  of  the  few  fruits  and  vegetables 
that  was  immune  from  the  attacks  of  in¬ 
sects  and  diseases.  Quite  recently,  how¬ 
ever,  in  southern  Illinois,  where  it  is 
largely  grown  for  Northern  city  markets, 
it  has  become  a  victim  to  a  peculiar  form 
of  root  rot  that  originally  developed  on 
certain  weeds.  The  scientists  of  the  ex; 
periment  station  appealed  to,  had  to  con¬ 
fess  themselves  powerless.  The  result 
is  that  it  is  recognized  as  a  precarious 
crop  and  has  been  abandoned  by  many 
growers.  Here  no  sign  of  disease  ever 
presented  itself  till  last  year,  when  quite 
universally,  so  far  as  1  can  hear,  the 
plants  died  out  during  the  latter  part  of 
the  Summer.  Before  1  heard  of  the  root 
rot,  I  had  presumed  that  some  abnormal¬ 
ity  in  the  season  was  responsible.  From 
about  the  first  of  June  there  were  seven 
weeks  of  rain,  followed  by  a  long 
drought. 

Seedlings  Versus  Piece  Roots. — A 
nice  question  of  morals  has  lately  pre¬ 
sented  itself.  So  far  as  my  experience 
has  reached,  a  rhubarb  root  for  planting 
has  meant  a  divided  root,  containing  one 
or  more  eyes.  No  other  sort  has  ever 
come  under  my  notice.  When,  however, 

I  made  my  order  last  Fall  from  a  cata¬ 
logue  that  listed  Linnaeus  and  Victoria 
at  so  much  per  root,  and  sent  a  check 
for  1,000  Linnaeus,  I  was  more  than  sur¬ 
prised  on  receiving  a  small  sackful  of 
seedling  roots.  My  impression  was  that 
seedling  roots  did  not  come  true  to 
name,  and  therefore  could  not  properly 
be  sent  out  to  represent  a  distinct  va¬ 
riety.  On  looking  around  for  evidence, 

I  quite  incidentally  met  a  large  grower 
of  southern  Illinois  who  told  me  lie  had 
been  sent  seedling  roots  by  an  Eastern 
firm,  enough  for  four  acres,  and  that 
he  considered  himself  out  $500  by  the 
deal.  His  judgment  was  that  seedling 
plants  were  not  worth  planting.  Look¬ 
ing  further,  I  found  an  Arkansas  bulletin 
that  said  not  more  than  1-15  of  seedling 
plants  came  true  to  name.  An  Arkan¬ 
sas  firm  dealing  in  roots,  wrote  me  on 
inquiry  that  they  never  sent  out  seedling 
roots  as  they  were  quite  unreliable  and 
worth  much  less  than  piece  roots.  A 
horticulturist  of  national  reputation 
rwrote  me  that  he  used  seedlings  for  his 
own  garden  and  secured  good  plants  by 
selecting  only  those  whose  leaves  and 
-stems  showed  fine  quality,  discarding  all 
others.  A  writer  in  the  January  “Mar¬ 
ket  Growers’  Journal”  on  rhubarb  culture 
says :  ‘‘Seedling  plants  are  variable. 

Many  of  them  produce  weak  or  spind¬ 
ling  leaves.”  This  seemed  to  establish 
my  position  pretty  thoroughly,  so  I  have 
returned  the  seedling  roots  to  the  ship¬ 
pers  and  bought  1,000  piece  roots  from 
a  grower  nearer  home.  On  delivery  these 
weighed  200  pounds  and  filled  a  sugar 
barrel  heaping-  full.  The  seedling  roots 
might  have  weighed  as  much  as  50 


pounds,  and  would  not  have  made  more 
than  one-fifth  the  bulk.  The  import  of 
all  this  is  that  when  you  are  ordering 
rhubarb,  be  sure  to  specify  whether  you 
want  piece  or  seedling  roots.  For  my 
part  I  do  not  see  how  a  dealer  can  hon¬ 
estly  send  out  seedlings  to  fill  an  order 
that  specifies  a  pure  variety,  such  as 
Linnaeus  or  Victoria. 

Blight  in  Seed  Potatoes. — Another 
question  of  morals  came  up  some  time 
ago  in  regard  to  seed  potatoes.  A  friend 
had  gone  to  great  care  and  expense  in 
fitting  a  12-acre  field  for  potatoes.  The 
ground  was  broken  by  three  draft  horses 
pulling  a  plow  12  inches  deep.  The 
after  preparation  was  thorough,  and  the 
field  looked  in  as  perfect  order  as  it  was 
possible  to  fit  it.  Resolved  on  a  com¬ 
plete  change  of  seed  and  won  over  by 
some  glowing  stories  of  big  yields  in 
New  York  State,  he  sent  for  so  many 
barrels.  They  arrived  in  good  order,  but 
counting  cost  and  freight  they  stood  him 
a  tidy  sum.  The  tubers  were  cut  to  one 
eye  and  the  result  of  the  planting  was  a 
wellnigh  perfect  stand.  Everything 
looked  most  propitious.  No  finer  looking 
field  of  potatoes  was  ever  seen  in  this 
neighborhood.  Growth  and  cultivation 
kept  pace  with  each  other.  The  coming 
crop  was  prized  beyond  measure  because 
it  was  relied  on  to  pay  off  a  pressing 
load  of  debt.  That  12  acres  of  potatoes, 
which  should  net  at  least  2,000  bushels, 
was  to  be  a  mortgage  lifter.  It  was 
literally  fraught  with  destiny.  But  man 
proposes  only.  On  the  Fourth  of  July 
inspection  revealed  small  areas  with 
some  affection  of  the  leaves.  These  areas 
extended  until  they  covered  the  field. 
Then  the  stunning  realization  came.  It 
was  the  blight.  Its  recognition  was 
slow,  because  it  had  never  been  seen  or 
even  heard  of  in  this  region.  Instead 
of  2,000  bushels  there  were  300  or  400, 
and  not  a  cent  to  put  on  the  debt.  The 
ultimate  result  was  the  loss  of  the  farm 
and  a  change  of  habitation  on  the  part 
of  the  owner  that  had  far-reaching  re¬ 
sults  on  his  life.  Where  did  that  blight 
come  from,  the  first  and  last  ever  seen 
seen  here?  From  those  seed  potatoes, 
of  course.  That  will  hardly  be  disputed. 
The  shipper  (the  grower  of  them)  must 
have  known  they  were  from  an  infected 
field.  They  were  shipped  to  an  innocent 
party  with  results  most  momentous.  In 
a  large  measure  they  became  the  arbi¬ 
ters  of  a  human  life.  The  import  of  this 
little  story  is  that  unless  you  are  pre¬ 
pared  to  spray  your  potatoes  for  the. 
blight  and  fight  it  from  the  start,  it 
would  be  wise  to  demand  assurances 
that  there  had  been  no  blight  among 
the  seed  potatoes.  l.  r.  Johnson. 

Cape  Girardeau  Co.,  Mo. 

R.  N.-Y. — But  where  can  you  go  to  be 
sure  of  such  seed? 

THE  HAMILTON  RESERVOIR 
ORCHARD 
HEATER 


Positively 
the  most 
effective 
heater  be¬ 
cause  of  its 
REGULATED 
FIRE.  Many 
other  points  of  suneriority. 

Write  for  our  RED  BOOK  on  orchard 
heating  free.  Tells  you  how  best  to  smudge 
HAMILTON  ORCHARD  HEATER  CO..  Grand  Junction,  Coin. 


Congo  on  Fruit-Ohl  Bldg., 
Sharon,  Pa. 


Roofed  to  Last 
With  Congo 

Here  is  a  building  roofed  with 
Congo  2  ply  in  1909. 

In  1913  and  in  1917  the  roof  will 
require  an  inexpensive  coat  of 
paint.  In  1919  the  owner  will  say 
“That  roof  hasn’t  leaked  or  re¬ 
quired  any  special  attention  during 
the  whole  ten  years.” 

Tf  he  can’t  say  that  he  can  say 
“The  manufacturers  guaranteed 
that  they  would  pay  for  all  repairs 
and  they  did.” 

That  roof  cost  no  more  than 
roofs  that  are  not  guaranteed  at  all, 
but  the  owner  knows  he  is  certain 
to  get  satisfaction.  There  is  in  his 
safe  a  Surety  Bond  issued  by  the 
National  Surety  Company  of  New 
York  making  the  guarantee  easily 
enforceable. 

Send  for  sample  and  copy  of 
Congo  Guaranteed  Bond. 

UNITED  ROOFING  &  M’F’G  CO. 

Philadelphia  Chicago  Kansas  City  San  Francisco 


"ONE  FOR  ALL,”  No.  J 

OCATH  TO  INSECT*  6  FUNS' 

Barrels.  425  „Q5c.  per  lb1 

H  Bbls  ,200lbs...r _ C5H  *  / 

100 

. . ~.v:r.™-.06>4\  « 

25  lb» . -o  >-.08  -J 

r  o.  a.  New  vonn 

(Wool  Grebe e,  Arsenate  of  Lead,  Lime-Sulphur 
^Combined.  A  Contact  and  Poison  Spray. 

;Afi  Insecticide  &  Fungicide. 

(Only  Thing  Needed  for  all  Pests  or  Fungus. 
WRITE  FOR  BOOKLET. 

MANHATTAN  OIL  COMPANY 

SiMbtiihed  1852 

(51  Front  StreeC  (New  York. 

SPRA  f  Acl°pted  by  the  N.Y.  State  Fruit  Growers  Ass’n 
grnH  >  IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  USE  EITHER. 

FOR  ALL  LEAF  EATING  INSECTS 
RESPONSIBLE  DISTRIBUTERS  axdAGENTS  WANTED 

KEY  BRAND 

“*  RIGHT  PRICE  and  MATERIAL 
FUNGICIDE  and  INSECTICIDE 

TTr— ■  imurm  ari 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
‘‘a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee 


INTERSTATE  CHEMICAL  CO. 

ll'BAYVIEW  AVE., JERSEY  CITY.  N  J 
WRITE  FOR  PRICES. CIRCULARS  ETC.  CORRESPONDENCE  SOLICITED^ 


Your  Profit 

is  determined  largely  by  the 
care  you  take  of  your  or¬ 
chard.  The  grower  who 
sprays  his  trees  thoroughly 
with  the  right  material  is  sure 
to  have  more  and  better  fruit 
than  the  one  who  does  not 
spray,  or  who  uses  an  inferior 
material. 

Sherwin-Williams 
New  Process 
Arsenate  of  Lead 

is  a  safe,  sure  and  economical  poison. 
It  contains  pure  ingredients,  rightly 
prepared  in  the  correct  proportions 
by  experts  and  thoroughly  tested  so 
as  to  insure  the  foliage  against  injury 
by  burning.  It  is  effective,  as  it  con¬ 
tains  the  proper  amount  of  arsenic 
(combined).  Increase  your  profit 
by  using  S-W  New  Process  Arsenate 
of  Lead.  Send  for  spray  book. 

The  Sherwin-Williams  Co. 

G35  Canal  Road 
Cleveland, 

Ohio 


The  Best  Spray  Pump 


Sprays  the  tallest  fruit  trees  from  the  ground. 
Special  nozzle  for  grape  vines,  shrubs,  etc. 
Sprays  quickest  and  best.  Does  the  work  in 
half  the  time  and  does  it  thoroughly.  Always 
ready.  Used  with  bucket,  barrel  or  tank. 
Lasts  a  lifetime.  No  leathers  to  dry  up,  wear 
out,  of  make  trouble. 

Standard  Spray  Pump 

Warranted  for  5  Years.  Price  $4.00.  * 

It  will  not  cost  you  a  cent  to  try  it.  Our 
special  offer  gives  complete  details.  Write 
for  it  today  and  we  will  also  send  our  illus¬ 
trated  circular  showing  how  this  pump  pays 
tor  itself  many  times  over  the  first  season. 

The  Standard  Stamping  Co. 

94  Main  Street  Marysville.  O. 


- — - -r 

Patented 

Oct.  0,  1908 

Sent  free,  “Spraying,  a 
Profitable  Investment." 


FRUIT  GROWERS  FAVORITE  SAW 

IS  THE  MOST  PRACTICAL  TREE  PRUNER  EVER  INVENTED 

Because  it  saves  timo  ami  labor  anil  is  so  easy  to 
handle.  It  is  made  with  a  15-iueh  draw  cut  blade 
and  has  a  7  or  8  foot  handle. 

Write  today  for  Descriptive  Circular  and  Prices. 

FRUIT  GROWERS  SAW  COMPANY.  Scottsville,  New  York. 

KILL  ALL  TREE  PESTS 

and  fertilize  the  soil  by  spraying  with 

Good’s 

Potash  Whale  Oil  Soap  No.  3 

The  surest  death  to  San  Jose  Scale,  fungi,  apple  scab 
and  all  other  enemies  to  plant  life.  Contains  rich  active 
fertilizers.  Free  from  any  injurious  ingredients.  Used 
and  endorsed  by  State  Experimental  Stations  and 

U.  8.  Department  of  Agriculture 
60  lbs.,  $2.60:  100  lbs.,  $4.60;  larger  quantities  proportion¬ 
ately  less.  Write  for  free  “ Manual  of  Plant  Diseases." 

JAMES  GOOD,  Original  Maker,  945  H.  Front  St..  Philadelphia 


DEFEND  YOUR  FRUIT  TREES 


Flom  San  Jose  Scnlo  ami  fungus 
diaousen  with  a  Defender  Sprayer. 
Powerful  two-line  Hpraxing  ap¬ 
paratus  Made  of  ht'A&a;  perfect 
construction.  Quickly  attached 
to  barrel  ;  easy  working.  Saves 
time,  labor  and  fruit.  Satisfac¬ 
tion  guaranteed. 

Descriptive  circular  and  price 
list  free.  Write  today. 

C.  S.  HARDER, 

Box  76,  Catskill,  N.  Y. 


JARVIS  SPRAYING  COMPOUND 

IS  THE  CHEAPEST  AHD  BEST.  IT  HAS  NO  SUPERIOR. 

SURE  CURE  FOR  SAH  JOSE  SCALE. 

Buy  direct  from  the  manufacturer  anil  save  money 
Spraying  Compound  ready  to  mix  with  water.  One 
:  gallon  of  Spraying  compound  will  make  from  Bixteon  to 
twenty  gallons  of  Hpray. 

Terms:— In  bbl.  lots  (50  gal.)  30c.  per  gal. 

We  would  refer  you  to  J.  11.  Hale,  the  Peach  King,  or 
Prof.  .Jarvis  of  the  Connecticut  Agricultural  College. 
They  will  tell  you  there  is  nothing  better. 

THE  J.  T.  ROBERTSON  CO.,  BOX  R,  MANCHESTER,  CONN. 


that  I 

apples 


“  I  HAVE  SO  LITTLE  FUNGUS 

to  “p*  mV  fruij  with  Bordeaux/*  says#  Mr.  Geo.  T.  Powell  of  Ghent,  N.  Y..  a  grower  of  fancy 
l  1  have  less  scale  and  finer  foliage  than  ever  before/*  REASON :  Six  years  consecutive  use  of 


tt 


SCALEC1DE 

cheaper,  more  effective  and  easier  to  apply  than  Lime-Sulphur.  Send  for  Booklets,  “ Orchard  Dividends."  and 
'Modern  Methods  of  Harvesting,  Grading  and  Packing  Apples."  Both  free. 

PPIPCQ  ■  In  barrels  and*half  barrels,  50c.  per  gallon ;  10  gallon 
rniUH  ■  cans,  $6.00  ;  5  gallon  cans,  $3.25;  1  gallon  cans.  $1.00 

If  you  want  cheap  oils,  our  “  CARBOLEINE  ’ ’  at  30c.  per  gallon  is  the  equal  of  anything  else. 

B-  <4.  PltATT  CO.,  MFG.  CHEMISTS,  50  CHURCH  ST.,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


'with 

the 


Empire  King. 


CDDAY 

SflA  H  He  who  attempts  to  grow  fruits  without  a  Sprayer  is  haudi- 
^  capped.  Blight  and  bugs,  rot  and  rust,  mold  and  mildew,  all 
y  *  conspire  to  damage  the  crop,  and  in  all  cases  sacceed  if  the  farmer  does 

not  spray.  This  is  theonly  hand  pump  having  automatic  agitator  and  brush  fur  clean- 
tng  strainer.  Valuable  book  of  instruction  free.  FIELD  FORCE  PUMP  CO., (2  lllH  Si..  ELM!**.  N. 


Look  at  the  H.  P. 
Spramotor  spraying  an  acre 
ot‘  potatoes  in  fifteen  min¬ 
utes.  There  are  three  noz¬ 
zles  to  a  row  and  four  rows, 
two  spraying  from  the  aides 
and  one  from  the  top.  Ad¬ 
justable  as  to  height  and 
width  up  to  40-inch  rows. 
Absolutely  non-clogging  noz¬ 
zles.  12-gallon  air  tank,  au¬ 
tomatic  and  hand  controlled. 
1*25  lbs.  pressure  guaranteed 
with  12  nozzles  open.  Has 
agitator  clean-out  pressure 
relief  into  tank,  and  nozzle 
protector,  all  under  control 
of  driver  from  seat.  For  one 
or  two  horses.  Fitted  for 
orchards,  vineyards  and 
grain.  Write  for  booklet. 


E.  H.  HEARD,  1325  ERIE  STREET,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 


204 


February  18, 


% 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER. 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Home*. 

Established,  1850. 

Pabtliked  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  Street,  Hew  Xork. 

Herbert  W.  Collingwood,  President  and  Editor, 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Roylk,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR. 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  $2.04,  equal  to 

8s.  6d.,  or  8 marks,  or  10*2  francs.  Remit  in  money  order, 
express  order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  timi 
orders.  References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to 
us;  and  cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL.” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a 
responsible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any 
loss  to  paid  subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler 
advertisingin  ourcolumns,  and  any  such  swindlerwill  be  publicly  ex¬ 
posed.  We  protect  subcribers  against  rogues,  but  wedo  not  guarantee 
to  adjust  trifling  differences  between  subscribers  and  honest,  respon¬ 
sible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be  responsible  for  the  debts  of 
honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts.  Notice  of  the  complaint 
must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of  the  transaction, 
and  you  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural  New- Yorker  when 
writing  the  advertiser.  ;  

TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

Next  week  we  shall  print  an  article  on  Hairy 
vetch,  which  is  the  baldest  statement  of  fact  we  can 
get  about  this  remarkable  plant. 

* 

While  the  hen  and  cow  men  are  doing  their  pre¬ 
liminary  talking,  let  us  consider  that  Michigan  man 
(page  199)  who  dug  105  bushels  of  potatoes  in  eight 
hours  with  a  hand  fork.  He  helped  pick  them  up,  too. 
This  man  seems  to  be  right  in  his  proper  place  as 
superintendent  of  a  manual  training  school.  The 
manufacturers  of  potato  diggers  would  have  a  form 
of  argument  in  applying  for  an  injunction  to  prevent 
this  man’s  pupils  from  digging  potatoes. 

* 

There  will  be  a  notable  fruit  growers’  meeting  at 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  February  23-24.  It  is  the  eastern 
meeting  of  the  New  York  State  Fruit  Growers’  As¬ 
sociation,  and  a  fine  programme  is  being  prepared. 
There  should  be  a  turn-out  of  at  least  1,000  fruit  grow¬ 
ers  from  the  Hudson  Valley.  It  is  very  desirable 
that  men  who  are  actually  engaged  in  the  business 
of  raising  fruit  should  go  to  such  meetings  and  give 
them  a  practical,  business-like  character.  There  will 
be  a  banquet  on  the  evening  of  February  23,  and  it 
promises  to  be  one  of  the  great  features  of  the  meet- 
ing. 

Thus  far  we  understand  no  word  has  been  received 
from  Mr.  Henry  A.  C.  Taylor  about  another  test  for 
those  Guernsey  cows  mentioned  on  page  104.  Per¬ 
haps  he  is  waiting  until  the  cows  are  ready  for  such 
a  test.  Of  course  Mr.  Taylor  must  realize  that  no 
one  can  get  cream  out  of  an  injunction  any  more  than 
you  can  get  blood  from  a  turnip.  A  judge  of  the  Su¬ 
preme  Court  may  make  a  record  in  ink,  but  milk 
and  butter  fat  are  required  to  make  it  worth  while. 
The  brand  of  the  question  mark  will  haunt  that  record 
until  the  cows  come  home  unless  Missy  and  Glen- 
anaar  are  made  to  “come  back.”  Mr.  Taylor  must 
recognize  this,  and  no  doubt  the  cows  are  now  tuning 
up  for  another  test ! 

The  plight  of  E.  G.  Lewis  ought  to  be  a  warning 
to  his  kind.  Gifted  by  nature  and  qualified  by  educa¬ 
tion  to  earn  his  own  living  he  chose  to  devote  his 
talents  to  the  task  of  gathering  to  himself  the  fruit 
of  other  people’s  labors.  The  schemes  devised  for 
this  end  have  been  pretty  well  illuminated  in  this 
paper,  and  now  they  have  become  the  subject  of  in¬ 
quiry  by  the  Federal  Government.  Conscious  of  the 
revelations  that  an  examination  of  his  records  will 
disclose,  he  is  tied  hand  and  foot  in  the  meshes,  of  a 
net  of  his  own  weaving.  Every  effort  that  he  makes 
to  extricate  himself  from  one  position  serves  but  to 
entangle  him  the  more  in  the  general  mess.  In  this 
situation  he  exhausts  his  impotent  rage  at  The  R. 
N.-Y.  which  exposed  his  schemes,  and  hurls  impudent 
defiance  at  the  Federal  Government  which  seeks  re¬ 
dress  for  the  complaining  people.  His  offer  to  pay 
his  $500  note,  with  nearly  six  years’  interest  in  full, 
if  Mr.  White  of  Ohio  would  swear  to  a  damaging 
statement  against  The  R.  N.-Y.  reveals  something  of 
his  desperate  straits.  Unable  to  get  the  affidavit  want¬ 
ed  and  prepared  by  himself,  he  was  willing  to  pay 
one  year’s  interest  for  a  statement  which  means  only 
that  we  refused  to  accept  his  promises  in  lieu  of  cash. 
It  is  with  such  evidence  coupled  with  lying  state¬ 
ments,  disproved  by  written  evidence,  that  he  hopes 
to  ward  off  an  inquiry  of  his  fake  schemes.  Accord¬ 
ing  to  his  theory  it  is  a  crime  for  us  to  doubt  his 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER; 

promises;  and  a  virtue  for  him  to  repudiate  an  honest 
debt.  That  kind  of  argument  may  go  with  his  “eman¬ 
cipated  womanhood,”  but  it  is  not  convincing  to  grand 
juries.  If  Mr.  Lewis  will  return  the  money  he  got 
from  our  people  and  stop  collecting  more,  we  will 
soon  forget  him,  and  may  God  and  the  Government 
forgive  him.  The  Government  alleges  the  represen-  ‘ 
tations  he  made  to  get  money  from  country  people  in 
he  past  were  not  true;  he  is  making  more  represen¬ 
tations  to  get  more  money  now.  The  Government 
asks  to  be  shown  if  these  representations  are  true. 
He  refuses  the  information.  It  is  up  to  the  Govern¬ 
ment  to  find  out.  Lewis  thinks  he  can  shoo  United 
States  officials  off  like  a  flock  of  hens  with  the  waving 
of  a  few  aprons.  We’ll  see! 

* 

CANADIAN  “RECIPROCITY.” 

No.  I.  : 

Mr.  Brigham’s  letter  oil  page'  199  is  a  calm  and 
fair  statement  of  the  way  northern  and  eastern  farm¬ 
ers  regard  Canadian  reciprocity.  We  believe  this  feel¬ 
ing  is  shared  by  a  large  majority  of  our  thinking 
farmers.  The  tariff  system  has  been  kept  on  its  feet 
for  more  than  40  years  by  our  northern  farmers.  It 
has  been  a  case  of  political  bunko  game,  but  the 
farmers  stood  by  it  and' made  our  high  tariff  possible. 

In  his  “Tariff  History  of  the  United  States,”  Prof. 
Taussig  says  of  the  tariff  bill  of  1883 : 

The  duties  on  agricultural  products  were  left  unchanged 
in  order  to  maintain  the  fiction  that  the  agricultural  pop¬ 
ulation  secured  through  them  a  share  of  the  benefits  of 
protection. 

At  that  time  it  was  a  fiction,  but  farmers  reasoned 
that  a  tariff  on  wheat  or  corn  actually  compensated 
for  high  tariffs  on  steel,  lumber  and  dozens  of  other 
necessities.  They  have  seen  the  protected  “industries” 
import  cheap  foreign  labor  freely  and  form  combina¬ 
tions  of  monopoly.  And  ail  through  this  the  railroads 
and  other  handlers  were  obtaining  65  cents  of  the 
consumer’s  dollar!  No  one  will  now  pretend  to  dis¬ 
pute  the  fact  that  these  things  would  have  been  im¬ 
possible  had  not  the  farmers  of  the  Eastern  and 
Northern  States  continued  to  vote  in  large  majority 
for  high  tariffs.  They  will  now  see  how  they  are  to 
be  rewarded.  Practically  the  only  direct  protection 
which  the  tariff  has  ever  given  to  farmers  is  that 
which  prevents  free  imports  of  food  from  Canada. 
The  rest  has  been  political  buncombe  or  pap  for  so- 
called  infant  industries.  It  is  a  most  remarkable  thing 
that  the  farmers  have  gone  on  taking  35  cents  of  the 
consumer’s  dollar  and  paying  over  $1.35  for  the  dol¬ 
lar’s  worth  of  manufactured  goods. 

As  Mr.  Brigham  points  out,  farm  lands  and  farm 
homes  in  the  East  were  cheapened  and  broken  by  the 
government’s  policy  of  giving  away  the  western  lands 
or  selling  them  at  a  low  price.  Our  farmers  have 
faced  this  hard  competition  for  40  years  and  more. 
Following 'natural  law,  with  increase  of  population  and 
falling  away  of  western  fertility  the  eastern  farm  was 
coming  back  to  its  own.  There  was  hope  in  the  fu¬ 
ture  with  a  chance  for  fair  prices  in  our  own  markets. 
Under  similar  conditions  our  manufacturers  and  the 
railroads  would  have  demanded  protection  and  gov¬ 
ernment  support  and  would  have  received  it.  Not  so 
with  our  farmers.  Just  as  soon  as  fair  opportunity 
appears  it  is  to  be  killed.  Under  the  proposed  “re¬ 
ciprocity”  with  Canada  our  eastern  farmers  lose  the 
last  shred  of  direct  benefit  which  the  tariff  ever  gave 
them,  and  gain  absolutely  nothing  in  exchange.  Had 
any  other  industry  been  treated  in  this  way  there 
would  have  been  in  Washington  within  24  hours  a 
lobby  with  $1,000,000  if  need  be  to  prevent  such  legis¬ 
lation.  The  unorganized  farmers  have  no  one  to  take 
up  their  battle  for  them.  Now  it  was  sure  that  this 
situation  over  the  tariff  had  to  come  to  a  head.  As 
we  have  pointed  out,  our  northern  farmers  are  re¬ 
sponsible  for  much  of  it,  first  by  enabling  the  high 
tariff  principle  to  live  and  grow,  and  now  through  a 
lack  of  organization  which  would  enable  them  to 
influence  Congress.  It  is  thus  no  longer  a  political 
question,  but  one  of  agriculture,  and  we  shall  discuss 
it  in  a  few  articles  from  the  standpoint  of  a  farmer. 

* 

In  all  this  discussion  of  the  methods  of  horse  com¬ 
panies  in  selling  stallions  nothing  is  said  against  the 
great  advantage  in  having  a  fine  stallion  in  the  neigh¬ 
borhood.  The  outlook  for  good  horses  is  excellent, 
and  farmers  can  make  no  mistake  in  breeding  suitable 
mares  to  the  best  stallions  they  can  find.  But  this 
method  of  buying  is  like  putting  up  a  creamery  and 
paying  a  creamery  shark  about  twice  what  the  outfit  is 
worth.  The  “company”  plan,  as  described  by  Mr. 
Morse,  means  paying  far  more  than  a  good  horse  could 
be  bought  for  cash,  and  running  the  risk  that  a  few 
responsible  farmers  will  be  finally  forced  to  pay  the 
entire  amount.  The  improved  horse  -  business  is  all 
right.  As  for  the  “horse  company”  we  have  yet  to 
be  shown. 


The  horse  story  by  J.  Grant  Morse  ought  to  be  inter¬ 
esting  to  all  readers  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  Most  people  let  the 
other  fellow  learn  for  himself,  but  the  experience  given  in 
this  story  ought  to  help  abolish  selfishness  and  preach 
brotherhood  and  fellowship.  o.  m.  b. 

Pennsylvania. 

That  is  right.  The  time  has  come  when  farmers 
must  get  together  in  every  way.  One  thing  is  to  pass 
information  along.  This  horse  story,  stories  of  the 
work  done  by  creamery  sharks  and-  dozens  of  other 
schemes  where  fanners  are  led  to  sign  contracts 
ought  to  be  made  public.  We  do  not  want  them  pub¬ 
lished  simply  in  a  desire  to  “get  square,”  but  we  want 
the  broader  view  of  business  education.  Farmers 
sign  too  many  contracts  with  strangers.  They  will 
probably  keep  on  doing  it  until  the  results  are  made 
so  clear  that  anyone  can  understand  what  is  coming. 

It  shows  good  public  spirit  for  a  man  to  come  forward 
and  give  the  facts.  In ‘addition  to  the  notes  printed 
this  week,  we  have  heard  from  about  20  people  who 
went  into  these  horse-buying  companies.  •  In  not  one 
case  did  the  horse  pay,  and  Usually  a  few  responsible 
farmers  had  to  foot  the -bills  and  meet  the  notes.  The 
R.  N.-Y.  is  here  to  spread  the  truth  about  such  deals. 

♦ 

The  man  who  comes  forward  and  pushes  this  plan 
of  parcels  post  to  a  finish  will  be  the  next  President! 

That  is  what  our  friend  Grant  Hitchings  tells  his 
Congressman  on  page  194.  He  gets  it  about  right. 
The  man  who  won  the  fight  for  parcels  post 
would  prove  himself  the  best  friend  that  the  people 
now  have  in  public  life.  He  would  prove  that  he  is 
not  afraid  of  the  express  companies,  the  railroads  or 
the  great  army  of  grafters  and  leeches  who  know  they 
would  be  put  out  of  useless  or  illegitimate  jobs  by  a 
fair  parcels  post.  The  victory  of  such  a  man  would 
prove  that  these  big  influences  cannot  kill  him  off. 
The  people  want  this  unkillable  and  unquenchable 
vigor  of  the  human  bulldog,  and  they  would  surely 
put  him  in  the  White  House.  If  you  think  the  next 
President  of  this  country  will  not  have  to  stand  up 
and  “speak  for  it”  you  would  better  guess  once  more. 

* 

Last  year  we  had  a  series  of  articles  on  a  milk 
commission  for  New  York  city.  The  milk  situation 
here  is  such  that  actual  demand  and  supply  have  little 
to  do  with  price.  The  dealers  are  able  to  control  the 
milk  so  that  they  charge  what  they  please  and  give 
the  producers  what  they  think  best.  There  is  at  pres¬ 
ent  no  redress.  Milk  cannot  be  held  back  like  meat 
or  grain.  It  must  be  sold  and  used  at  once.  Pro¬ 
ducers  have  not  been  able  to  control  the  supply,  and 
with  half  a  dozen  States  within  reach  of  this  island 
such  control  is  not  at  present  likely.  It  is  impossible, 
under  laws  now  in  force,  to  break  up  the  combination 
of  milk  dealers.  They  simply  form  a  “gentlemen’s 
agreement”  or  verbal  understanding  under  which  they 
fix  prices.  There  being  no  written  contract  the  law 
cannot  touch  them,  and  they  can  do  as  they  see  fit. 
The  result  is  they  hold  up  the  consumer  and  pay 
the  farmer  less  than  the  cost  of  producing  milk.  A 
bill  has  been  introduced  at  Albany  to  remedy  this 
..by  a  milk  commission  of  three  members  to  be  ap¬ 
pointed  by  the  Governor.  These  commissioners  are 
to  “regulate  and  control  the  milk  traffic”  in  New 
York,  Buffalo  and  Rochester.  They  would  have 
power  to  fix  standards  for  quality  and  purity,  and  fix 
the  price  that  can  be  asked  or  demanded.  We  shall 
give  the  details  of  this  bill  later.  The  principles  of 
this  form  of  regulation  are  up  for  discussion.  As  a 
rule  we  have  too  many  commissions.  Some  of  them 
will  make  a  nice  roosting  place  for  political  hacks,  yet 
there  are  cases  where  strong  and  energetic  men  could 
make  a  commission  worth  while.  In  this  milk  situa¬ 
tion  they  could,  if  they  had  real  power  and  wanted 
to  do  so,  put  the  milk  trust  out  of  business.  We  have 
waited  long  years  for  any  other  practical  way  of 
doing  it. 

BREVITIES. 

The  Himalaya  blackberry  will  not  stand  the  frost.  It 
Is,  among  fruits,  worse  thafl  the  non-layer  among  hens. 

Remember  that  the  best  egg  the  hen  man  can  have  is 
the  “nest  egg”  laid  aside  for  a  rainy  day — or  an  attack 
of  cholera  or  roup. 

That  description  of  the  horse  sale  by  Mr.  Morse  has 
called  out  a  whole  volume  of  comment.  The  scheme  has 
been  worked  for  years. 

Is  Spring  on  the  way?  Peach  trees  were  in  bloom 
January  30  in  Texas  and  Florida,  and  maple  sap  had  be¬ 
gun  to  run  in  southern  Ohio. 

We  are  asked  to  tell  what  the  “laugh  and  grow  fat  hog 
pasture”  may  be.  In  the  Horticultural  Number  you  will 
find  some  mixtures  that  will  make  any  hog  happy  and 
fat — if  you  sow  them. 

“The  ground  hog?”  We  like  that  form  of  ground  hog 
known  as  sausage.  It  goes  well  with  a  pile  of  buckwheat 
cakes.  We  wish  you  such  health  that  when  you  finish 
such  a  tueal  there  will  not  be  enough  left  to  cast  a  shadow. 

Our  correspondent  John  M.  Jamison  of  Ohio,  last  season 
explained  iu  detail  his  plan  of  working  Alfalfa  with  a 
sharp  pointed  spring-tooth  harrow.  A  manufacturing  firm 
will  now  put  out  a  harrow  carrying  such  teeth.  A  good 
move ! 


1911. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


tm 


Home  Lovers’  Bargain  Book 


Picturing'  3,000  Housefurnishing's  Bought  at  Tremendous  Reductions 

Terms — Cash  or  Credit 

No  Extra  Price  if  You  Wish  to  Pay  as  Convenient 


High-grade  9x12  ft.  rug  bargains 
bought  at  auction  from  the  larges! 
manufacturer  in  the  United  States. 
A  saving  of  30  per  cent  is  guaran¬ 
teed  on  every  rug.  All  patterns  and 
colors.  Jiargain  prices  as  follows  : 
Tapestry  Brussels  Rugs, 

9x12  ft .  Si  1.95  up 

Velvet  Rugs,  9x12  ft .  13.95  up 

Axminster  Rugs,  9x12  ft _  17.50  up 

Cash  or  Credit 


No.  28X845—  Bargain  Turkish 
Couch.  Full  size,  upholstered  in 
guaranteed  steel  construction  and 
covered  in  finest  figured  velour.  Mas¬ 
sive  carved  solid  oak  claw-i 
foot  frame,  Special  cut  price1 

Cash  or  Credit 


$.45 


No.  NX  1295 

— Solid  Quar- 
t  e  r-S  n  w  e  d 
Oak-  Library 
Table  Bar¬ 
gain .  1,200 

bought  from 
a  manufac¬ 
turer  who 
required 
ready  cash. 

Best  con¬ 
struction, 
beautiful¬ 
ly  finish©  d 
and  handsomely  carved.  Top  is  42x28  inches.  Wo 
save  you  at  least -one-third  on  this  table.  qp 

Great  bargain  cut  price . . .  vlZ.zJ 

Cash  or  Credit 


No.  16X1035 

— C  o  1  o  n  i  a  1 
Pedestal  Din¬ 
ing  Table  Bar¬ 
gain.  Solid 
oak,  golden  finish, 
42-inch  top,  heavy 
pedestal,  carved 
legs  and  claw  feet. 
We  control  the 
factory  making 
this  table,  hence 
the  low  a 
prico  of  vlv.vv 

Cash  or  Credit 


No.  4X1095 

— BentGlass 


C  h  i 
Closet 
Rain, 
solid 
finish, 


n  a 
Bar- 
All 

oak,  golden 
with  richly 
carved  top  and  claw 
feet.  900  bought 
from  a  bankrupt 
manufacturer.  Reg¬ 
ular  price,  $10.00. 
Bankrupt  a,  a  ap 
sale  prico  vlo.;7v 


Cash  or  Credit 


Cash  or  Credit 


No.  27X1795 

— Drop  Head, 
Light  Running 
Sewing  Ma¬ 
chine  Bargain. 
Made  for  us 
under  special 
contract  by  the 
most  f  a  in  o  u  s 
manufac- 
turer  of  sowing 
machines  in  the 
world.  Regular 
agent’s  prico, 
$35.00.  Our 
contract  bar- 


No.  AX  335- 

Roll  Seat  Ameri¬ 
can  Qua  r  ter- 
Sawed  Rocker 
Bargain.  Extra 
large  broad  back 
and  deop  rolling 
seat,  Cash  ad¬ 
vanced  to  the  man¬ 
ufacturer,  who  re- 
qu  i  rod  money, 
makes  this  bar¬ 
gain  price  possi¬ 
ble.  Our  special 
cut  *4  -5C 

price v*3-  oD 

Cash  or  Credit 


No.  15X495- 

Art  Metal  Bed 
Bargain.  The 
newest  1911  de¬ 
sign,  A  wonder- 
fuly  beautiful 
bed, made  in  our 
own  factory, 
The  panels  are 
richly  decorat¬ 
ed.  Pillars  aro 
1*8  inches  in  di¬ 
ameter,  Comes 
in  all  sizes  and 
colors.  Bargain 
factory  qc 
price.  vT.  70 

Cash  or  Credit 


No.  AX  79- 

Dining  Chair 
Bargain.  Made 
of  seasoned rock 
elm,  strongly 
built  and  finish¬ 
ed  in  golden  oak. 
Has  carved 
braced  back  and 
heavily  turned 
spindles.  Com¬ 
pare  this  chair 
with  others  sold 
at$1.25.  Bargain 

cu-  7  Qp 

price  .  .  .  ,  ‘  “C 

Cash  or  Credit 


No.  30X1820- 

SteelRange  Bargain- 
Made  in  our  famous 
Empirefactory,  One 
of  the  grandest 
ranges  ever  built, 
Wo  guarantees  sav¬ 
ing  of  at  least  one- 
third  on  all  stoves 
soldbyus.Thisstyle, 
bargain  a.q 
price  from  vlo.ZU 
up,  according  to  size. 
Cash  or  Credit 


No.I,X485-Eng- 
lish  FoldingGo-Oart 
Bargain.  Newest  1911 
design.  VVetakethe 
factory  output  at  a 
specially  low  price. 
Has  steel  frame,  fab- 
ricord  leatheruphol- 
Stering  and  large 
rubber  tires.  The 
best  collapsible  go- 
cart  on  the  market, 
Factory  bar- or 
gain  price .  ,sr*-0»J 

Cash  or  Credit 


No.  4X1195- 

Astoundiiig  Com¬ 
bination  Bookcase 
Bargain.  Solid 
oak,  golden  finish, 
heavily  carved. 
Has  French  plate 
mirror, largo  writ¬ 
ing  space,  drawer 
and  cabinet.  Is71 
inches  high  and 
38  inches  wide. 
Dealer’s  piriee, 
$10.50.  Our  bargain 

So...  $11.95 

Cash  or  Credit 


No.  50X435— Tufted 
Back,  Upholstered 
Rocker  bargain.  We 
bought  9,200  at  actual 
factory  cost  price  for 
spot  cash  from  a  manu¬ 
facturer  who  required 
immediate  money.  This 
is  a  beautiful  rocker, 
upholstered  in  guar- 
a  u  t  e  e  d  fabricord 
leather.  The  American 

Quarter  -sawed  oak 
rame  is  finely  finished 
and  handsomely  carved. 

A  great  bargain.  Fac-  c*/!  "3C 
tory  bargain  price . 

Cash  or  Credit 


No.  33X1595— 

Extra  Special 
Side-board  Bar¬ 
gain.  One  of  the 
greatest  bargains 
we  ever  had.  All 
solid  oak,  beauti- 
fully  carved, 
richly  finished. 
Base  is  45x22 
inches;  mirror 
24x16  inches.  This 
is  a  great  snap  at 
our  bargain 
price 
of. 

Cash  or  Credit 


$15.95 


No.  3X795— 

Housewife's 
Kitchen 
Cabinet  Bar¬ 
gain.  Made  in 
our  own  fac¬ 
tory.  Construc¬ 
tion  and  finish 
superior  to  any 
on  the  market. 
Base  is  44x26 
inches.  Total 
height,  61 
inches.  A  won¬ 
derful  time  sav¬ 
er  in  the  kitch¬ 
en.  Factory 
bargain  qc 
price.  . .  vl  •  70 

Cash  or  Credit 


3000  Other 
Bargains  in 

Furniture  Silverware 
Carpets  Chinaware 
Rugs  Graphophones 
Draperies  Washing  Machines 
Stoves  Sewing  Machines 
Ranges  Baby  Cabs 
Pianos  Lamps  and  Clocks 

Cash  or  Credit 

No  Difference  in  Price 


No.  28X395 
— D  r  a  g  o  n 
I  Head  Mor¬ 
ris  C  ha  i  r 
Ba  rga  in. 
Bought 
from  a  re- 
ceiver’ssale. 
A  bout  2,  100 
on  hand.  All 
solid  oak, 
carved  front 
posts  and 
upholstered 
in  imitation 
leather.  Ad¬ 
justable 
back.  Receiver's  -5  q  r 

sale  price . 3 

Cash  or  Credit 


No.  NX190 

-2, 300  Bar¬ 
gain  Cent 
er  Tables, 
Solid 
qu  artor 
s  a  w  e  c 
oak,  28-iu 
s  h  a  p  e  i 
top.  Shap 
ed  shelf 
andheavi 
ly  turned 
legs 
Bought  at 
a  reeeiv 
er’s  sale 
and  offered  while  they  last  at  the 
bargain  price  of  $1.90  with 
brass  feet,  or  with  wood  feet 

Cash  or  Credit 


1.45 


No. 16X1895— Gold  Medal  Din¬ 
ing  Table  Bargain,  The  most 
handsome  table  ever  designed. 
Very  massive,  beautifully  carved 
and  made  of  selected  solid  oak, 
finely  finished.  Top  is  45  inches 
in  diameter.  600  tablos  bought 
from  an  overstocked  manufac¬ 
turer  at  cost  enables  us  to  offer 
these  tallies  at  the  re-  qc 

markable  bargain  price  o  tv  I0.7D 

Cash  or  Credit 


SPIEGEL,  MAY.  STERN  CO.  1382  35th  St., Chicago, III. 


K  a  1  n  qc 
pric  e 


Our  newest  Bargain  Bo6k  is  ready— the 
best  we  ever  issued.  It  pictures  3,000  things 
in  Furniture,  Carpets  and  everything  else 
that  you  want  for  the  home.  Every  article  in 
it  was  bought  for  some  reason  way  below  the 
usual  price. 

Two  months  ago  many  furniture  makers 
were  heavily  overloaded.  Buying  had  almost 
stopped  because  dealers  felt  that  prices  must 
come  down.  Borne  of  the  makers  were  in  bad 
financial  straits. 

We  wont  to  those  makers  with  a  million 
dollars  in  cash,  and  we  offered  to  buy  all  they 
had  to  sell,  but  only  at  enormous  reductions. 
They  could  not  cut  their  prices  to  dealers, 
but  they  could  unload  onus.  The  result  is 
such  an  array  of  bargains  as  we  have  not  had 
for  years. 

Bo  we  got  out  this  new  Bargain  Book.  And 
we  want  every  customer,  old  and  new,  to  have1 
a  copy  of  it.  There  are  3,000  separate  liar- 
gains  in  it.  Some  of  the  prices  are  half  what 
dealers  charge.  Every  article  is  sold  for  less 
than  anybody  else  can  sell  it.  That  we  guar¬ 
antee. 

There  has  not  been  in  five  years  such  a 
great  opportunity  to  furnish  up  the  home. 

Pay  as  Convenient 

If  you  see  something  you  want  there  is  no 
need  to  pay  cash  down.  We  will  open  an  ac¬ 
count  and  you  can  pay  as  convenient.  Over 
600,000  people  have  such  accounts  with  us 
now. 

e  allow  from  8  to  16  months  to  pay — a 
little  each  month.  Credit  prices  are  exactly 
the  same  as  for  cash.  There  is  no  interest,  no 
security,  no  red  tape  or  publicity.  W e  gladly 
trust  people  who  liny  things  for  their  homes. 
W  e  are  glad  to  open  charge  accounts. 

A  Month’s  Trial 

Everything  is  sent  on  approval.  You  can 
use  the  article  a  month  before  even  deciding 
to  buy  it.  If  you  don’t  like  your  bargain  you 
can  return  it  and  we  will  pay  freight  both 
ways. 

That  is  one  great  advantage  of  a  charge  ac¬ 
count.  \  ou  can  have  things  sent  on  approval. 
You  don’t  need  to  buy  things  unseen. 

Bargain  Book  Free 

We  want  every  housewife  to  have  this  new  Bar¬ 
gain  Book.  See  the  3.000  pictures  of  things  for  the 
home,  and  note  how  much  we  can  save  you  while 
these  bargains  last. 

We  have  issued  many  Bargain  Books,  hut  never 
one  which  had  so  many  unusual  prices  asthis.  Many 
of  these  prices  appear  to  he  less  than  the  actual  cost 
ofnmking.  You  will  find  them  intensely  interesting. 

This  big  Bargain  Book— size  11x17  inches— is  mailed 
free.  Send  no  money,  no  stamps.  Simply  cut  out 
this  coupon  and  send  it  to  us  with  your  name  and 
your  address.  Do  this  now  before  you  forgetit,  for 
you  don't  want  to  miss  this  book. 

SPIEGEL.MAY,  STERN  CO. 

1382  35th  Street  Chicago,  Ill. 


Cut  Out  This  Coupon 

Spiegel,  May,  Stern  Co. 

1382  35th  Street,  Chicago 

CD  Mail  me  the  Bargain  Book. 

□  Mail  me  the  Stove  Catalog. 


Name. 


Post  Office . 
State . 


I  am  particularly  interested  in 


Name  article  you  most  desire 


209 


February  18, 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

FRIENDS  IN  PARADISE. 

They  are  all  gone  into  the  world  of  light ! 

And  I  alone  sit  lingering  here ; 

Their  very  memory  is  fair  and  bright, 

And  my  sad  thoughts  doth  clear : 

It  glows  and  glitters  in  my  cloudy  breast, 
Like  stars  upon  some  gloomy  grove, 

Or  those  faint  beams  in  which  this  hill  is 

drest. 

After  the  sun’s  remove. 

I  see  them  walking  in  an  air  of  glory, 
Whose  light  doth  trample  on  my  days : 

My  days,  which  axx*  at  best  but  dull  and 
hoary. 

Mere  glimmering  and  decays. 

O  holy  Hope !  and  high  Humility, 

High  as  the  Heavens  above ! 

These  are  your  walks,  and  you  have  shew’d 
them  to  me, 

To  kindle  my  cold  love. 

Dear,  beauteous  Death !  the  jewel  of  the 
just, 

Shining  no  where,  but  in  the  dark ; 

What  mysteries  do  lie  beyond  thy  dust, 
Could  man  outlook  that  mark  ! 

He  that  hath  found  some  fledg'd  bird's  nest, 
may  know 

At  first  sight,  if  the  bird  be  flown  ; 

But  what  fair  well  or  grove  he  sings  in  now, 
That  is  to  him  unknown. 

And  yet,  as  Angels  in  some  brighter 
d  reams 

Call  to  the  soul,  when  man  doth  sleep ; 
So  some  strange  thoughts  transcend  our 
wonted  themes, 

And  into  glory  peep. 

— Henry  Vaughan  (1621-1695) 

• 

It  was  a  day  when  the  parents  turned 
out  in  force  at  the  kindergarten,  and 
the  young  teacher  was  putting  her  pupils 
through  their  little  stunts  in  great  form, 
says  the  “Woman’s  Journal.” 

“And  now,”  said  she,  “can  any  little 
boy  or  girl  tell  me  who  made  the  first 
American  flag?”  A  tot  in  the  back  row 
waved  a  hand  enthusiastically. 

“Well,  Molly,  you  may  tell.” 

And  Molly  stepped  forward,  and  said 
in  her  clear  little  voice:  “The  first 
American  flag  wath  made  by  Betsy 
Roosevelt.” 

* 

Hominy  and  prunes  will  make  a  va¬ 
riation  in  breakfast  cereals.  Soak  prunes 
over  night  in  cold  water,  and  in  the 
morning  place  them  over  the  fire  in 
fresh  water  to  simmer  until  tender,  not 
broken'.  In  the  meantime  prepare  fine 
hominy  as  follows:  Allow  one  measure 
of  hominy  to  four  measures  of  liquid, 
using  half  milk  and  half  water;  have  the 
liquid  lxfiling  slightly,  salt,  and  then 
add  the  hominy,  stirring  constantly. 
When  the' mixture  is  smooth  let  it  cook 
for  one  hour,  or  more,  if  the  time  can 
be  spared.  When  serving,  heap  the 
cereal  in  the  center  of  a  deep  dish  and 
surround  with  the  prunes.  Eat  with 
butter  and  sugar  or  rich  cream. 

* 

One  of  the  present  fashions  is  very 
useful  to  an  economical  person — the 
practice  of  veiling  a  lace  waist  with 
chiffon  or  marquisette  of  the  same  or  a 
contrasting  color.  A  white  or  ecru  lace 
waist  that  has  lost  its  freshness  may  be 
treated  in  this  way,  using  a  simple 
kimono  waist  pattern  for  the  veiling. 
Some  handsome  readymade  waists  are 
of  this  style,  the  only  trimming  being 
braiding  or  gimp  at  the  edges  of  sleeves 
and  neck.  Some  of  these  waists  are 
made  of  heavy  lace  that  really  suggests 
Nottingham  curtains,  only  the  veiling 
softens  the  pattern  and  takes  off  the 
coarseness  of  mesh.  If  one  has  a  nice 
waist  of  net  and  lace  such  as  was  in 
style  two  or  three  years  ago,  it  can  be 
made  very  stylish  by  veiling  it  with 
chiffon  or  chiffon  cloth  to  match  a  jacket 
suit. 

* 

It  is  noticeable  that  new  underwear  is 
cut  with  ah  eye  to  the  narrow  skirts 
and  slim  outline  demanded  by  fashion. 
The  new  white  petticoats  are  of  very 
fine  muslin,  fitted  smoothly  over  'the 
hips,  and  free  from  stiffening.  The 
flounces  ,  are  usually  shaped  so  as  to  fit 
smoothly  on  to  the  skirt,  flaring  only 


'pHE  RURAL  NEW -YORKER 


into  a  gentle  ripple  instead  of  fluffy 
fullness.  The  majority  of  the  silk  skirts 
are  of  messaline  or  other  soft  materials, 
and  where  taffeta  is  used  it  is  the  soft- 
finished  type.  In  new  nightgowns  we 
see  the  influence  of  the  kimono  sleeve, 
a  great  many  being  of  the  one-piece 
style.  This  is  very  pretty,  and  so  easy 
to  make  that  we  dislike  the  thought  of 
going  back  to  the  troublesome  setting 
in  of  sleeves.  There  is  a  great  increase 
in  the  use  of  nightgowns  with  low  neck 
and  short  sleeves ;  they  are  much  in  the 
majority.  This  is  a  natural  result  of 
well-heated  houses,  but  not  a  judicious 
fashion  for  a  chilly  room.  However,  a 
kimono  nightgown  is  so  easily  ironed  - 
and  so  easily  made  daintily  with  a  small 
amount  of  trimming,  that  it  will  long 
be  popular.  If  the  bedroom  is  cold,  even 
a  flannelette  nightgown  may  be  made 
with  sufficient  care  in  selection  to  keep 
its  color,  remain  clear  through  repeated 
washings,  and  fit  without  clumsy  bunchi¬ 
ness,  in  addition  to  being  a  great  com¬ 
fort  to  chilly  persons. 

* 

The  personal  property  tax  laws  have 
been  abolished,  says  the  “American 
Magazine,”  by  all  great  nations  except 
the  United  States.  How  this  tax  may 
work,  in  the  case  of  an  honest  and 
conscientious  person  who  does  not  even 
have  the  power  to  vote  on  the  expendi¬ 
ture  of  the  money  wrested  from  her  is 
told  in  one  incident  related  in  the  Feb¬ 
ruary  issue  of  the  American  Magazine . 

An  Ohio  school  teacher  had  saved  $1,000 
from  her  earnings,  and  by  advice  of  a 
banker  friend,  invested  it  in  a  railroad  bond 
paying  five  per  cent.  When  the  assessor 
came  around,  she  was  quite  proud  to  de¬ 
clare  possession  of  the  bond ;  she  was  a 
patriotic  soul  and  willing  to  stand  her 
share.  The  local  rate  was  five  and  seven- 
tenths  per  cent.  She  was  a  little  startled 
at  receiving  a  tax  bill  for  fifty-seven  dollars, 
but  confident  that  it  was  a  mere  blunder, 
she  went  to  the  tax  office  to  have  it  cor¬ 
rected. 

But  to  her  amazement,  she  found  that 
the  bill  was  correct — that  she  was  supposed 
to  pay  a  tax  on  her  bond  of  seven  dollars 
more  than  the  bond  had  earned.  She  finally 
gathered  her  wits  together  sufficiently  to 
ask  what  on  earth  was  done  with  all  the 
money. 

“Well,  for  one  thing,”  the  assessor  said, 
urbanely,  “we  have  very  .  expensive  public 
institutions  to  support.  There,  for  instance” 
— pointing  through  .the  open  window — - 
“there  is  the  poor  house,  a  model  of  its 
kind  and  a  credit  to  the  county.  We  have 
to  support-  that." 

“All  right,”  said  the  teacher  with  rising 
indignation,  “then  you  can  support  me  in 
it.  I  bought  this  bond  to  help  keep '  me 
independent  against  the'  time  when  I  am 
past  work ;  but  if  this  is  what  happens,  I 
give  you  notice  that  I  am  going  to  sell  it 
forthwith;  and  blow  in  the  money  on  the 
one  time  of  my  life — and  when  I'm  through, 
your  model  institution  can  take  care  of  me.” 

She  sold  her  bond,  went  to  Europe,  en¬ 
joyed  herself  hugely  until  the  money  was 
gone,  and  has  saved  nothing  since. 


head  cheese,  but  many  people  prefer  to 
use  them  separately.  Put  the  meat  in 
a  kettle,  cover  with  cold  water,  and 
bring  to  a  boil,  skimming  as  necessary ; 
when  it  boils  hard  draw  the  kettle  back 
and  let  it  simmer  gently  until  the  bones 
will  slip  out  easily.  Remove  bones  and 
gristle,  skim  out  the  meat,  removing  ex¬ 
cess  of  fat,  season  with  pepper,  salt  and 
sage;  pack  in  jars  or  molds,  putting  a 
plate  with  a  weight  on  top  to  press  it 
down  firmly.  Serve  cold  in  slices. 

Souse  is  made  like  head  cheese,  but  is 
flavored  with  vinegar  instead  of  sage, 
and  is  usually  sliced  and  browned  in 
the  frying  pan  or  oven,  instead  of  being 
served  cold.  For  scrapple  boil  the  head 
(or  any  other  scraps  of  nice  fresh  pork 
may  be  used  for  a  small  batch)  just  as 
for  head  cheese.  Remove  all  the  bones 
and  chop  fine.  Set  the  broth  in  which 
the  meat  was  boiled  aside  until  cold, 
remove  the  cake  of  fat  from  the  top,  and 
return  it  to  the  fire.  When  it  boils, 
put  in  the  chopped  meat  and  season  well 
with  pepper,  salt  and  sage,  or  other 
herbs  if  liked.  Let  boil  again,  and 
thicken,  with  cornmeal  like  making  or¬ 
dinary  mush,  dropping  the  meal  in 
slowly  to  avoid  lumps.  Cook  an  hour, 
stirring  constantly  at  first,  afterwards 
drawing  it  back  to  boil  gently.  W  hen 
done,  pour  into  a  long  square  pan,  not 
too  deep,  which  should  be  wetted  with 
cold  water  to  prevent  sticking.  When 
cold  cut  in  slices  and  fry  brown. 
Scrapple  will  keep  for  several  weeks  in 
cold  weather. 

Tell  Mrs.  E.  W.  simply  to  put  the 
zinc  in  the  stove  and  the  fire  will  do 
the  rest.  Near  the  writer’s  home  are 
two  chimneys  ’JtO  and  90  feet  high, 
which  are  cleaned  with  this  method 
yearly,  and  to  use  the  engineer’s  ex¬ 
pression,  it  does  the  trick  “clean  as  a 
whistle.”  w.  J.  R. 


From  the 

Mill 

We  Pay 
Freight 


_ s’  prices  save  vl  _ 

dealers’  pro  fits.  We  give  a  binding 
guarantee  of  satisfaction  and  save 
you  88  1-8  per  cent.  You  can 
buy  the  well-known  Regal  Rug, 

6x9  ft.,  reversible, all  wool  finish, at 
$8.76,  Our  KrusscioRug, 6x9  ft., 
greatest  value  known, $1.86.  Splendid  grade  Brus¬ 
sels  Rug,  9x12  ft.,  $11, 
Famous  InvineibleVel- 
vets.  9x12  ft.,  $16.  Stan¬ 
dard  Axminsters,  9x12 
ft.,  $18.50.  Fine  quali¬ 
ty  Lace  Curtains  46c  per 
pair  and  up.  Tapestry 
Curtains,  Wilton  Ruga, 
Lin  ole  ii  msatMill  prices. 

Write  to-day  for  our  NKW 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALOG, 
No.  14.  Sent  free.  ShowB  lat¬ 
est  deslcns  in  actual  colors. 

UNITED  MILLS  MFS.  CO. 

2451-7462  JASPER  ST..  PH1U. 


Wall  paper  at 
half  price 

Not  a  clearance  sale  of  old  faded 
patterns,  but  new,  fresh,  artistic 
stock,  at  half  price  because  we  sell 
direct  from  mills  to  you.  We’ll 
show  you,  too,  how  to  hang  the 
paper  yourself,  thus  saving  labor 
cost  and  letting  you  beautify  t  liree 
rooms  for  what  one  has  al¬ 
ways  heretofore  cost  you 
Send  for  free  samples  and 
instructions  today. 

Penn  WalLPaper  Mills, 
Dept.  F  Philadelphia 


BROWN’S 

Bronchial  Troches 

immediately  relieve  coughing  spells  and  hoarse¬ 
ness.  A  preparation  of  superior  merit  that  has 
been  used  for  over  half  a  century.  Free  from 
opiates  or  other  harmful  ngredients.  May  be 
taken  freely  without  injurious  effect. 

Price,  25c,  50c  and  $1.00.  Sample  free 
John  I.  Brown  &  Son  Boston,  Mass. 


\l T,  Aladdin  MANTLE  Lamp 

///  BURNS  KEROSENE  (Coal  Oil) 


y^^^Produce^powcrful^white,  more  brilliant 
light  than  city  gas,  gasolene  or  electricity— 
.simple,  noiseless,  odorless,  clean,  safe,  dur- 
|  able  —  complete  s  u  c  c  es  s  —  recognized 
world’s  standard.  Fully  Guaranteed. 

T.  H.  BALL,  California,  SOLD  850 

I  On  money  back  guarantee— not  one  returned, 
Kramer  made  $700  in  6odays.  Complete  line 
of  lamps  and  chandeliers  for  homes,  offices  and  public  Pjaccs. 

Ask. nearest  office  for  agency  proposition  or  how  to  get  lamp  fre© 

MANTLE  LAMP  CO.  OF  AMERICA,  Dept  567 

Chicago,  Portland,  Pro.,  Wnterbury,  Conn-,  Winnipeg,  MoatrcaLianad^ 


A  FLOOD  OF  LIGHT  F  R°  C  O  AL.RQ 


Sausage  and  Head  Cheese. 

Will  you  tell  me  the  best  method  of  salt- 
lg  and  curing  pork,  and  of  making  sausage, 
ead  cheese,  etc.  ?  R.  c.  J . 

Recipes  for  curing  hams  and  pork  are 
iven  on  next  page.  The  following  is  a 
ested  Virginia  recipe  for  sausage:  To 
very  10  pounds  of  meat  (one-third  fat 
nd  two-thirds  lean)  use  three  ounces 
if  salt,  one  of  black  pepper,  one-half 
lunce  of  dry  sage  rubbed  fine.  Having 
11  the  ingredients  weighed,  put  a  layer 
•f  the  meat  cut  in  strips,  sprinkle  the 
nixed  seasoning  over  it,  another  layer 
if  the  meat,  and  more  seasoning.  Run 
h rough  the  chopper  twice.  It  is  a  pleas- 
nt  change  to  smoke  some  of  the  sau- 
age,  and  it  keeps,  well.  Put  in  small 
lags  of  strong,  coarse  muslin ;  small 
alt  sac^cs,  well  washed,  may  answer. 
)lose  the  bags,  and  smoke  like  ham,  ac- 
:ording  to  the  family  taste.  When  pre- 
>aring  for  the  table  cut  the  seam  of  the 
lag  to  remove  it,  slice  the  sausage  and 
‘ry  like  ham. 

For  head  cheese,  have  the  bead  thor- 
nighly  cleaned,  rejecting  refuse,  but  in- 
■luding  tongue  and  ears;  after  cleaning 
et  it  soak  in  cold  salt  water  for  10  to 
L2  hours.  The  pigs’  feet  may  be  used  in 


SPEAR  Will  Trust  You 
Wherever  You  Live— Write 
For  His  Free  Catalog 


A  Personal 
Word 

The  rich  and 

prosperous  class 

can  always  com¬ 
mand  the  lux¬ 
uries  of  life,  but 
the  average 
home  lover  needs 
the  Spear  System 
of  Credit  to  the 
Nation.  I  want 
1,000,000  families 
to  say  of  me:— 
“He  helped  us 
to  furnish  and 
beautify  our 
homes.’*  I  ask 
for  no  higher  tri¬ 
bute  to  my  life’s 
work.  Write  for 
my  Free  Catalog. 


Spear 


NO  matter  where  yon  ll've,  yon  can  buy  everything  needed 
for  the  home  from  ns  on  credit  and  on  easy  paymentB 
to  suit  your  convenience..  All-you  need  to  do  is  to  mall 
ns  your  name  and  address  and  we  will  at  once  send  you, 
fro©,  our  Mammoth  Home  Furnishing  Catalog,  con¬ 
taining  illustrations  from  photographs  and  full  des¬ 
criptions  of  thousands  of  articles  in  Furniture,  Rugs, 
Carpets  and  Home  Furnishings  sold  by  ns  on  long  time, 
open  account,  easy  credit  terms. 

Credit  Buying  Made  Easy 

With  thh  aid  of  the  Bie  Spear  Bargain  Catalogue  you 
can  select  anything  you  want  from  hundreds  of  articles  in 

Furniture,  Rofrlgorators,  Washing  Machines, 

Carpets,  Clocks,  Baby  Carriages, 

Rugs,  Sewing  Machines,  Go-Carts, 

Stoves,  Phonographs,  Silverware, 

Ranges,  Dishes,  Ac.,  Ac.,  Ac. 

We  offer  you  a  vastly  larger  and  better  stock  than  even 
the  biggest  city  stores,  and  you  can  make  your  selections 
right  at  home  with  your  family  at  your  elbow. 

Pay  When  Convenient 

Your  credit  la  good  with  us.  Why  not  use  ltJ 

Under  our  liberal,  open  account,  easy  payment  plan 
you  can  have  ovory  possible  advantage  in  buying  tor 
your  home  possessed  by  the  most  favored  and  well- 
to-do-shopper  in  the  city  stores.  Our  credit  sys¬ 
tem  is  extended  to  honest  people,  evorywhore,  re¬ 
gardless  of  tlioir  Income.  You  need  not  deny  your¬ 
self  any  article  of  household  comfort  or  luxury  on 
account  of  a  lack  of  ready  cash.  Select  what  you 
want  from  our  Catalog,  pay  a  little  cash  down  and 
a  little  each  month. 


This  Beautiful 
Brussels  Rug 

i  Is  only  one  of 
many  great 
krug  bargains 
shown  in 
the  Spear 
Catalog. 
Send 
for  it 
now! 


Brussels  Rug,  0x12- 
$1.50  down— 76c 
per  month 


iLIQ  6UCU  HI  (J  II L 11  • 

Our  Prices  Are  The  Lowest 

While  our  credit  terms  are  the  most  liberal  in  the 
country,  yet  our  prices  aro  the  lowest. 
ThisisbocauROofour  immense  purchas¬ 
ing  power  and  enormous  volume  of  sales. 
We  buy  goods  In  such  vast  quantities 
thatwesecure better  prices  than  would 
be  possible  to  smaller  concerns,  and 
by  extending  our  business  to  tens  of 
thousands  of  customers  all  over  the 
country,  we  can  afford  to  accent  just 
one  small  added  profit  from  each  sale. 
We  allow  no  store  or  factory  on  earth 
to  undersell  us.  Get  our  prices  and 
bo  your  own  judge  of  whether  or  not  we 
save  you  from  20  to  50  per  cent  on  your 
home  furnishings, 


Only  $2.23  Down  and 
$1.00  Per  Month 


Collapsible 
Go-Carts, 
—75c  down 
50c  a  month 


With  Order 


Take  A  Month  To  Decide 

Anything  you  select  from 
our  Bargain  Catalog  will 
be  shipped  on  approval. 

Keep  the  goods  30  days, 
then  decide  to  buy  or  re¬ 
turn  at  our  expense.  Ifyou 
are  not  fully  satisfied,  tho 
goods  may  be  shipped  back 
to  us  at  our  expense  and  we 
will  refund  your  money. 

1  Big  Rocker  Bargain 

A  large,  comfortable,  solid  oak 
Rocker  with  high,  wide  back,  fully 
tufted  and  buttoned  with  heavy  '  s' 6 

ruffled  edge.  Seat  is  large  and 
roomy,  upholstered  with  high-grado 
black  Sylvan  leather  over  full  stool 
spring  construction,  and  has  a  beautifully  rur 
fled  edge  to  match  back.  Construction  is  solid 
golden  oak  throughout,  with  high  gloss  golden 
finish.  Arm 8  are  wide,  front  posts  of  handsome 
design.  Satisfaction  guaranteed  or  money  baea. 


Balance  Payable  50c  Monthly  Write  For  Free  Catalog  Today 

SPEAR  &  COMPANY,  Department  19MM  Pitisburg!>Pa. 


tdii. 


THK  RURAt  NEW-YORKER 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

li  ken  ordering  patterns  alivays  give 
number  of  pattern  and  measurement  de¬ 
sired. 

The  narrow  seven-gored  skirt  is  a 
favorite  one.  This  model  can  be  made 
eithei  in  walking  length  or  round,  and 
consequently  is  adapted  to  both  street 
or  house  wear.  The  habit  back  is  greatly 
liked  just  now,  but  there  are  many 
women  who  prefer  inverted  plaits  and 
the  pattern  provides  for  both.  The  pat¬ 
tern  is  cut  in  seven  gores  shaped  in 


207 


6802  Seven  Gored  Skirt, 

22  to  32  waist. 

conformity  with  the  latest  style.  The 
closing  is  made  invisibly  at  the  back. 
The  quantity  of  material  required  for 
the  medium  size  is  10  yards  24  or  27, 
5%  yards  44  or  4^4  yards  52  inches  wide, 
when  material  has  figure  or  nap,  7J4 
yards  24  or  27,  3*4  yards  44  or  3*4 
yards  52,  when  material  has  neither 
figure  or  nap.  The  width  of  the  walk¬ 
ing  skirt  at  the  lower  edge  is  2*4  yards 
when  made  with  habit  back,  2^4  yards 
with  inverted  plaits.  The  pattern  6802 
is  cut  in  size  for  a  22,  24,  26,  28,  30  and 
32  waist  measure ;  price  10  cents. 

The  smaller  pictures  include.  6863, 
fancy,  waist,  34  to  42  bust.  3^4  yards  of 
material  24  or  27  inches  wide,  2*4  yards 
36,  1%  yard  44,  with  yard  18  for 
chemisette,  %  yard  18  and  3  yards  of 
banding  for  trimming  for  medium  size. 
6894,  one-piece  blouse  for  misses  and 


Curing  Hams  and  Bacon. 

We  have  received  so  many  inquiries 
lately  as  to  methods  of  curing  hams 
and  pickling  pork  that  we  have  decided 
to  reprint  some  tested  recipes.  If  too 
late  for  this  season  clip  them  out  and 
start  an  “envelope  library,”  so  that 
there  is  no  danger  of  mislaying  them. 

This  is  a  Virginia  method.  For  cur¬ 
ing  four  hams,  averaging  12  pounds 
each,  have  ready  one  and  a  half  gallons 
of  the  best  salt,  one  pound  of  good 
brown  sugar,  one-eighth  pound  of  pow- 
dred  saltpetre,  one  ounce  of  black  pep¬ 
per  and  one-half  ounce  of  cayenne.  Cut 
the  joints  into  proper  shapes,  without 
unnecessary  bone  and  fat,  and  lay  them 
on  a  board  or  table.  First  rub  the  skin 
well  with  salt  and  lay  each  joint  aside, 
then  begin  over  again,  and  into  the 
fleshy  side  of  each  ham  rub  two  tea¬ 
spoonfuls  of  saltpetre  and  a  tablespoon¬ 
ful  of  brown  'sugar  mixed  together. 
Rub.  the  pepper,  particularly,  about  the 
hocks  and  under  the  bone  and  give  to 
the  whole  ham  a  good  application  of 
salt.  Now  pack  the  hams,  one  upon  an¬ 
other,  the  skin  side  downward,  with  a 
layer  of  salt  between,  into  a  tub  or 
box,  the  bottom  of  which  has  also  been 
covered  with  salt.  The  process  of  salt¬ 
ing  will  be  complete  in  five  weeks.  At 
the  end  of  that  time  have  ready  a  peck 
of  hickory  ashes;  clean  the  hams  with 
a  brush  or  dry  cloth  and  rub  them 
with  the  ashes.  To  smoke  the  hams  the 
Joints  should  be  hung  from  joists  be¬ 
neath  the  ceiling  and  a  slow,  smothered 
fire  kept  up  for  five  or  six  weeks,  so 
as  to  smoke  thoroughly,  but  not  over¬ 
heat  the  hams.  Or,  as  an  excellent  sub¬ 
stitute  for  this  'process,  paint  the  hams 
with  a  coating  of  pyroligneous  acid,  let 
them  dry  and  repeat  the  ’operation. 
Wrap  each  ham  in  paper  and  encase  it 
in  a  canvas  or  strong  cotton  bag. 

A  simple  way  to  salt  bacon  and  ham  in 
brine  is  to  rub  the  meat  well  with  salt, 
especially  into  the  exposed  ends  of 
bones,  and  then  pack  into  a  barrel,  with 
a  layer  of  salt  between  each  piece.  Al¬ 
low  the  meat  to  remain  thus  for  48 
hours,  then  pour  over  all  a  brine  strong 
enough  to  bear  up  an  egg.  Let  the  meat 
remain  in  pickle  six  weeks;  then  smoke. 

Molasses  pickle  is  made  as  follows: 
To  four  quarts  of  fine  salt  and  two 
ounces  of  pulverized  saltpetre  add 
enough  molasses  to  make  a  paste.  Hang 
the  bams'-in  a  cool  dry  place  for  three 
or  four  days  after  cutting  up;  then 
cover  with  the  pickle  mixture,  thickest 
on  the  flesh  side,  and  lay,  them  skins 
down  for  three  or  four  days.  For  100 
pounds  of  ham  make  brine  in  the  fol¬ 
lowing  proportion:  Seven  pounds  coarse 
salt;  two  ounces  saltpetre;  one-half 
ounce  pearlash ;  four  gallons  soft  water. 
Heat  gradually,  removing  all  scum  as  it 
arises,  then  cool.  Pack  the  hams  in  a 
barrel,  pour  the  brine  over  them,  and 
keep  in  pickle  five  to  eight  weeks,  ac¬ 
cording  to  size. 

Ham,  Sugar  Cured.— To  50  pounds 
of  ham  or  “side  bacon”  allow  three- 
pounds  of  sugar  and  a  pint  of  molasses, 
six  pounds  of  salt,  one  full  tablespoonful 
of  saleratus  and  the  same  of  saltpetre. 
Cover  the  bottom  of  your  firkin  with 
salt  (about  two  pounds).  Mix  sugar, 
molasses,  saltpetre,  saleratus  and  the  re¬ 
maining  salt  into  a  paste.  Rub  each 
piece  thoroughly  with  this,  work  it  in 
well  and  hard,  and  pack  into  the  firkin, 
the  rind  downward.  Cover  all  with  cold 
water — just  enough  to  rise  above  the 
meat.  Lay  a  heavy  board  on  top,  weight 
it  with  a  stone  to  keep  the  meat  under 
water,  and  leave  it  thus  for  four  weeks, 
turning  the  meat  and  stirring  up  the 
pickle  every  week.  Take  out,  then  wipe, 
rub  into  the  pieces  as  much  dry  salt  and 
an  equal  quantity  of  sugar  as  they  will 
take  up;  pack  in  a  dry  firkin  and  leave 
for  24  hours  before  sending  to  the 
smokehouse. 


readers  told  us  how,  in  default  of  other 
storage,  she  kept  meat  sealed  in  glass 
jars  and  submerged  in  the  iced  tank 
where  the  milk  cans  were  kept.  VVho 
can  help  us  in  this  case? 

2.  Sometimes  the  ham  becomes  hard 
because  of  excess  of  salt  in  curing,  or 
because  it  is  smoked  too  long.  The 
best  place  to  store  ham  or  bacon  is  a 
dark,  dry,  cool  room.  The  meat  should 
be  well  wrapped  in  paper,  and  then 
closed^  in  a  cotton  bag,  which  is  hung 
up.  The  -storeroom  should  have  screens 
at  the  windows,  so  that  insects  are  kept 
out.  If  there  is  fear  of  larder  beetles, 
it  is  wise  to  pepper  the  meat  well,  before 
wrapping  up.  The  sliced  bacon  put  up 
by  the  packers  is  hermetically  sealed, 
like  a  preserve  jar,  so  there  should  be 
no  drying  out,  and  if  the  jar  is  sterilized 
and  the  meat  sliced  and  packed  by  ma¬ 
chine  in  a  place  free  from  mold  spores, 
there  should  be  no  molding.  Of  course 
the  meat  is  kept  in  an  even  temperature. 
As  the  season  is  approaching  when  ham 
and  bacon  must  be  stored  for 'Summer 
use,  advice  from  those  with  practical 
experience  would  be  helpful  to  others. 


Carrot  Marmalade. 

I  would  like  the  carrot  marmalade  recipe 
mentioned  in  the  article  written  by 
“Martha’s  Niece”  on  “Aunt  Martha’s  En¬ 
velope  Diary.  Would  you  inform  me  how 
I  can  obtain  it?  h.  m.  b. 

1.  “Wash  and  boil  until  tender  four 
pounds  of  young  carrots,  drain  and  peel, 
then  press  them  through  a  colander,  put 
them  into  a  porcelain-lined  kettle  with 
two  pounds  of  sugar  and  a  pint  of 
water,  add  a  few  pieces  of  chipped  lemon 
peel,  the  grated  yellow  rind  of  two 
oranges,  a  smal  piece  of  ginger  root  cut 
into  pieces  and  two  bay  leaves ;  simmer 
gently  until  the  proper  consistency  and 
put  away  in  tumblers.”  (From  “How  to 
Cook  Vegetables,”  by  Mrs.  S.  T.  Rorer.) 

2.  “Wash,  but  do  not  scrape,  five 
pounds  of  young  carrots.  Boil  until 
very  tender,  peel  and  mash  to  a  fine 
pulp.  To  every  pound  of  pulp  allow 
two  pounds  of  granulated  sugar,  six 
almonds,  the  rind  of  one  and  the  juice 
of  two  lemons,  and  a  scant  half  tea¬ 
spoonful  of  almond  extract.  Boil  pulp 
and  sugar  together  15  minutes,  set  aside 
and  stir  in  grated  lemon  juice  and  rind, 
almond  extract,  and  almonds  blanched 
and  shredded.  Cook  together  five  min¬ 
utes  more,  and  when  cool  put  in  jars 
and  seal.”— Mrs.  M.  O.  B.  in  “The 
Designer.” 

3.  A  Scotch  Recipe.— “Boil  the  carrots 
until  they  are  tender.  Drain  them  and 
mash  them  through  a  colander.  For 
each  pound  of  carrot  pulp  allow  one 
pound  of  sugar  and  the  juice  of  one 
lemon.  Boil  slowly  until  the  mixture 
jellies,  and  then  put  away  in  glasses.” — 
G.  B.  M.  in  “The  Designer,”  6r  “The 
Delineator,”  I  am  not  sure  which. 

Martha’s  niece. 

Removing  Black  Stain. 

On  page  107  I  see  Mrs.  D.  A.  P.  has 
had  trouble  with  a  black  stocking  mark¬ 
ing  white  clothes.  If  she  will  soak  the 
garments  in  sour  milk  the  stains  will 
come  out.  I  have  seen  it  done  several 
times.  mrs.  j.  d. 

A  pound  of  salt  or  soda  thrown  on  a 
bed  of  coals  or  fire  in  a  stove  will 
extinguish  a  chimney  fire.  As  a  pre¬ 
ventive  when  you  have  a  good  bed  of 
live  coals  at  intervals  of  two  or  three 
months  place  a  piece  of  zinc  in  the 
stove  and  the  flue  will  have  the  ap¬ 
pearance  of  an  asbestos  lining.  The 
above  information  comes  from  the  Lit¬ 
tle  Rock  chief  of  the  fire  department, 
when  asked  for  advice.  Last  year  sim¬ 
ilar  advice  was  given  me  personally  by 
a  large  coal  dealer  when  selling  me 
soft  coal.  MRS.  c.  p.  c. 


small  women,  14,  16  and  18  years.  1*4 
yard  of  material  27  inches  wide,  1% 
yard  36  inches  wide  or  44,  J4  yard  27 
inches  wide  for  trimming  portions,  $4 
yard  of  all-over  lace  for  16  year  size. 
6875,  girl’s  plaited  dress  with  front  clos-' 
lr*g»  8,  10  and  12  years.  4^4  yards  of 
material  24  or  27  inches  wide,  4  yards  36, 
3j4  yards  44,  for  10  year  size.  6864, 
four-gored  walking  skirt,  22  to  30  waist. 
5J4  yards  of  material  27  inches  wide, 
3%  yards  44,  2H  yards  52,  width  of 
skirt  at  lower  edge  2^4  yards,  for 
medium  size.  6314,  child’s  one-piece 
apron,  2 ’to  8  vears.  1|4  yard  of  ma¬ 
terial  24,  32  or  44  inches  wide,  with  )4 
yard  27  inches  wide  for  bands,  for  6 
year  size;  price  of  each  pattern  19  cents. 


Keeping  Goose  Fat  and  Ham. 

1.  How  can  we  keep  rendered  sweet  goose 
lard  from  turning  rancid?  I  have  tried  in 
open  jar,  tied  shut,  also  in  sealed  jars  in 
dry  cellar,  but  it  did  not  keep.  2.  How 
can  we  keep  honie-cured  and  smoked  bacon 
from  turning  hard  in  Summer  and  not  get¬ 
ting  hard  and  moldy?  The  meat  packers 
have  sliced  bacon  on  sale  in  glass  jars,  nice 
and  fresh  the  year  round.  How  Is  that 
treated  so  it  does  not  mold  or  get  hard? 

A.  P.  K. 

1.  We  would  like  to  hear  from  readers 
who  can  help  to  solve  these  problems. 
We  have  never  kept  goose  fat  for  any 
length  of  time,  but  judge  that  its  keep¬ 
ing  depends  chiefly  upon  a  low  tempera¬ 
ture.  We  know  that  it  soon  becomes 
rancid  in  a  place  warm  enough  for  it  to 
be  oily.  We  can  only  suggest  keeping  it 
in  sealed  glass  or  earthen  jars  in  the 
coldest  place  available.  One  of  our 


Take  a  worn-out  battery  zinc,  that 
can  be  obtained  at  any  telegraph  office 
generally  for  the  asking.  They  weigh 
about  a  pound  or  two.  When  the  fire 
is  burning  well  throw  about  one  pound 
on  top  of  the  red  coals.  It  produces  a 
greenish  fire  turning  to  blue  and  white; 
very  pretty  to  look  at.  It  might  seem 
alarming  at  first,  but  will  do  no 
harm.  About  half  of  the  metal  will  run 
through  into  the  ash  pan;  this  can  be 
used  again  in  the  same  manner.  It 
will  leave  the  interior  of  the  stove  and 
pipe  as  white  as  though  it  was  white¬ 
washed.  It  consumes  the  soot  in  some 
way,  but  how  I  do  not  know.  The  zinc 
is  very  easily  broken,  so  that  any  quan¬ 
tity  can  be  used.  d.  p.  c. 


[Have 
"Electric 
LigHts 


# 


On  tHe 
Farm,  at: 
Low  Cost 


Electric  Lights  make  the  brightest,  safest, 
cleanest  and  most  reliable  lighting  system 
known  for  farms  and  country  homes.  'Hie 
Dayton  Electric  Lighting  Outfits  are  low  in 
cost,  easy  to  install,  cost  almost  nothing  to 
operate.  Give  you  better  lights  than  most  city 

people  enjoy.  Write  today  for  complete  illus¬ 
trated  catalog  showing  outfits,  fixtures,  etc. 

DAYTON  ELECTRICAL  MFG.  CO. 
231  St.  Clair  Street  Dayton,  Ohio 


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Absolutely  safe.  Stakes  and  bur  ns  its  own 
fras.  Brilliant  BOO  can-’le  pow.  r  light. 
r*Cast8  no  shadow.  Costs  2  cuts  per 
week.  No  smoke,  grease,  nor  oC  >i\  Over 
200  styles.  Every  lamp  warranter!.  Agents 
wanted.  Write  for  catalog. 

THE  BEST  LIGHT  CO. 


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The  Ideal  Fireless  Cooker 

Makes  drudgery  in  allot  kitchen  a  thing 
of  the  past.  St-ai’t  your  meals— .put  into 
cooker- go  calling— return  to  find  hot 
meal  ready  to  serve.  Can’t  oveil-cook.  *-• 
Makes  food  more  savory,— Saves  half  fuel, 
much  food.  Satisfaction  puarahteed.  - 
Write  for  free  catalog:,— information 
about  free  trial  offer, — easy  payment 
plan.— and  we  will  send  you  a 
Coffee  Percolator  Free 
that  gives  you  as  finely  brewed 
coffee  as  can  be  had  in  the  most 
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w.  R.  ROYCE 

M^Tniversity  Hltlg.,  8yruoine,y.Y, 


TRAVELING 


MAIL 


For  those  who  have  from  300  ft.  to  miles  to  go  for 
their  mail.  Easily  placed  on  telephone  poles  or  J  x  4’s  I 
fastened  to  fence  posts.  The 

OAKWOOD  MAIL  CARRIER 

Made  entirely  of  metal.  Ball-l>earing  pullers.  Sold  I 
on  thirty  days’  trial.  Write  for  book  ‘‘Getting  the  Mail. 

Oak  wood  Mfg.  Co.  47  Stanton  Ave.  Springfield,  ‘ 


SAVE  HALF  Your 
Paint  Bills 

By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT  — proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 
Only  Paint  endorsed  by  the  “Grange.” 
Made  in  all  colors,— for  all  purposes. 

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From  the  Mill  Direct  to  You  at  Factory  Prices, 

INGERSOLL  PAINT  BOOK  — FREE 

I>aVV*  ancl.  Painting  for  Durability. 
How  to  avoid  trouble  and  expense  caused  !•  paints 
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0.  W.  Ingersoll,  246  Plymouth  St..  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 


GREATEST  net  PROFITS 


}  ARE  MADE  IN  THE 

Land  of  manatee 

•n  the  west  coast  of 

FLORIDA.  GROWING 

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GRAPEFRUIT  AND 
VEGETABLES. 

Highest  prices  secured  in 
Northern  and  Eastern  Mar¬ 
kets.  Quick  transportation 
— low  freight  rates  via.  S. 
A.  L.  Ry.  Cheap  lands 
— ideal  climate — two  and 
three  crops  a  yeai — $500  to 
$1500  net  per  acre.  Peo¬ 
ple  who  locate  here  are  satis¬ 
fied.  Write  for  free  illus¬ 
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J.  W  WHITE, 

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CULL  BARREL  LOTS  of  slightly  damaged  stoneware 
I  J.  shipped  to  any  address  direct  from  pottery  at 
New  Brighton,  Pa.,  for  $L.  Lots  are  well  assorted, 

,  containing  crocks,  jars,  pans,  bowls,  pitchers  tea 
and  bean  pots,  a  little  of  each.  Wend  casli  with  or¬ 
der;  order  now.  E.  SWASEY  &  CO.,  Portland,  Maine. 

VIRGINIA  FARMS 

offer  best  opportunity  for  land  buyers  and  the  best 
place  to  live.  Mild  winters;  cheap  land ;  sunshine; 
grow  all  crops.  Produce  best  flavored  apples 
Cattle,  hog  raising,  dairying  and  poultry  raising 
profitable.  Near  40  million  consumers,  (let  top 
prices.  Write  for  300-page  “Handbook  of  Virginia.’, 
G.  W.  KOINER,  Com.  of  Agriculture,  RICHMOND,  VIRGINIA 

I  F-j  fl  Ffll'mO  B  SALE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
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HOUSEWORK  HALVED 

By  Syracuse  “EASY”  Utilities 

SOLD  ON  TRIAL 

Syracuse  “  EASY  ”  Vacuum  Washer  cleans  completely  a  tiibful  of  clothes,  coarse 
or  delicate,  in  10  minutes  of  easy  effort.  Heat  water  right  in  rust- proof  steel  tub.  No 
swinging  of  clothes  or  water.  Works  like  a  cistern,  pump.  Sold  on  30  days  trial. 
Syracuse  “EASY”  Vacuum  Cleaner,  hand  or  electric,  most  satisfactory 
on  market.  Gets  all  the  dirt  without  raising  dust.  L.«sy  to  operate.  Very 
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DODGE  &  ZUILL,  224  F  DiHaye  £ldg.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


208 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


February  18, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

SULPHUR  FOR  SHEEP  LICE. 

Several  years  ago  I  had  a  ilock  of 
sheep  that  1  found  to  be  badly  infested 
with  both  sheep  lice  and  ticks.  There 
were  25  or  30  sheep  in  the  llock,  and  as 
1  was  feeding  them  ground  feed  I  mixed 
a  heaping  tablespoonful  of  sulphur  with 
their  feed  for  a  few  days.  I  did  not 
feed  the  sulphur  every  day  for  a  long 
time,  but  fed  every  day  for  several  days, 
then  skipped  a  few  days,  then  fed  again. 

I  noticed  an  improvement  in  my  sheep 
in  a  short  time.  At  clipping  time  I  could 
not  find  either  a  live  tick  or  a  louse  on 
the  sheep.  One  ewe  in  particular  that  I 
noticed  had  many  ticks  on  her  when  I 
begin  feeding  the  sulphur  had  a  good 
many  dead  ticks  in  her  wool  at  clipping 
time,  but  no  live  ones.  I  was  a  little 
fearful  that  the  sulphur  might  cause  the 
ewes  to  lose  their  lambs,  but  there  were 
no  losses  from  this  source.  I  have  fed 
sulphur  to  sheep  several  times  since  with 
good  results.  I  have  fed  sulphur  to 
lousy  calves  and  colts  with  good  results, 
a  half  teaspoon ful  fed  three  or  four 
times  a  week  is  enough  for  a  calf,  and  a 
colt  will  bear  a  little  larger  dose.  I  told 
a  neighbor  of  my  experience  with  sul¬ 
phur  for  sheep  lice.  He  had  only  two 
or  three  sheep  and,  not  thinking  of  any 
danger  from  an  overdose,  gave  too  large 
a  dose  and  caused  one  of  his  ewes  to 
lose  her  lamb.  The  lice  cannot  bear  the 
sulphur  even  when  fed  to  the  host  in¬ 
wardly,  and  they  will  crawl  out  on  the 
hairs  and  drop  off  or  else  die  on  the 
animal.  A  few  small  doses  of  sulphur 
will  cause  lice  to  crawl  out  and  drop  off 
when  the  days  are  warm.  A.  J.  legg. 

West  Virginia. 

RAPE  IN  CANADA. 

Rape  may  be  grown  on  nearly  all 
kinds  of  land,  but  does  best  on  soils 
rich  in  plant  food  and  well  stocked  with 
humus.  If  greensward  i>  to  be  sown 
to  this  crop  it  should  be  plowed  far 
enough  in  advance  of  the  seeding  so 
that  the  sod  may  be  thoroughly  rotted. 
It  should  be  harrowed  at  frequent  in¬ 
tervals  and  the  held  be  in  a  fine  state 
of  cultivation  when  seeded.  The  seed 
may  be  sown  anytime  from  the  first 
week  in  May  until  the  end  of  August 
here  in  Canada;  in  more  southern  lati¬ 
tude,  of  course,  the  sowing  season  would 
be  somewhat  longer.  In  good  soil  and 
under  favorable  condition  the  crop  will 
be  fit  for  pasture  in  about  five  weeks. 
The  plant  will  stand  considerable  frost 
without  injury. 

Rape  may  be  sown  broadcast  or  in 
rows.  About  four  pounds  is  required 
for  one  acre  when  sown  broadcast,  less 
than  this  amount  when  sown  in  drills, 
which  should  be  about  22  inches  apart. 
Better  results  may  be  expected  from 
drilling  than  from  broadcasting  the 
seed,  for  the  former  method  permits  of 
cultivation  which  means  more  rapid  and 
vigorous  growth,  destruction  of  weeds 
and  conservation  of  moisture. 

Rape  is  especially  valuable  as  pasture 
for  sheep  and  swine.  For  growing  pigs 
it  cannot  be  surpassed.  Pigs  on  a  rape 
pasture  should,  however,  be  fed  some 
corn  or  barley  in  order  to  balance  up 
the  ration,  for  rape  is  exceedingly  rich 
in  digestible  protein  (flesh-forming  con¬ 
stituents),  while  corn  and  barley  are 
strong  in  the  carbohydrates  and  fats  (heat 
and  fat  producing  constituents).  One 
acre  sown  on  good  land  will  carry  from 
25  to  40  pigs  from  June  15  to  October 
or  later.  For  best  results  the  field 
should  be  divided  into  two  or  three 
plots,  allowing  the  pigs  to  graze  on  one 
plot  while  the  others  are  growing.  When 
pasturing  sheep  on  rape,  especially 
lambs,  it  is  well  to  provide  a  mixed 
grass  or  Timothy  pasture  for  part  of 
their  run.  Clover  is  not  suitable  to 
combine  with  rape,  as  the  two  plants 
are  both  strong  in  the  same  elements — 
the  protein.  In  feeding  rape  to  sheep 
or  cattle  care  should  be  taken  to  avoid 


bloating.  The  chief  danger  is  in  turn¬ 
ing  hungry  animals  upon  a  rape  pasture, 
especially  when  the  plants  are  wet  with 
dew  or  rain.  After  they  become  thor¬ 
oughly  accustomed  to  the  feed,  with  ac¬ 
cess  to  it  at  all  times,  there  will  be  lit¬ 
tle  danger  of  bloating.  Pigs  are  not 
affected  in  this  way.  C.  S.  M. 

Quebec  Province. 


WARTS  ON  TEATS. 

Do  you  know  what  will  take  warts  off 
a  cow's  teats?  I  have  tried  various  rem¬ 
edies  without  avail.  The  cow  in  question 
is  a  valuable  one,  and  the  warts  are  so 
painful  that  I  am  obliged  to  strap  her 
legs  together  at  every  milking.  e.  m. 

Wisconsin. 

Can  warty  projections  be  permanently 
removed  from  a  heifer’s  teats  (in  milk  for 
the  first  time)  and  how?  w.  s.  w. 

Connecticut. 

As  «  rule,  rubbing  the  wart-covered 
teats  twice  daily  with  best  cold-pressed 
castor  oil  is  all  that  is  necessary  perfectly 
to  clean  up  the  parts.  As  pain  is  present 
add  live  grains  of  powdered  menthol  per 
half  ounce  of  oil.  Warts  may  be  snipped 
off,  if  they  have  narrow  necks,  and  lunar 
caustic  may  then  be  lightly  applied  to  the 
bleeding  bases;  but  this  will  add  to  the 
kicking  propensities  of  the  cow.  Better 
prefer  the, soothing  oil  treatment,  a.  s.  a. 


Oxen  for  Work. — Your  recent  articles 
on  working  cattle  point  the  way  for 
many  a  poor  farmer  to  provide  himself 
with  a  strong  work  team,  that  if  trained 
to  walk  fast  are  better  than  many  of 
tiie  w  retched  horses  so  many  people  use. 
Some  years  ago  I  saw  a  yoke  of  com¬ 
mon  steers  used  by  a  farmer  in  Ocean 
Co.,  N.  J.,  that  were  as  fast  as  most 
horses  and  wore  harness  with  horse 
collars  upside  down ;  they  were  also 
driven  with  bridles  and  bits.  They  did 
nearly  all  his  haying  on  the  salt 
meadows,  flies  did  not  worry  them 
greatly,  and  if  they  broke  through  the 
crust,  did  not  get  in  a  panic  as  horses 
do.  If  more  farmers  knew  how  to  make 
a  proper  yoke,  or  how  to  rig  a  harness 
with  collars,  they  might  do  it.  Can 
some  of  your  readers  supply  this  infor¬ 
mation  through  The  R.  N.-Y.  ? 

h.  w.  s. 

Dishorning  Humane. — I  thought  that 
it  was  settled  years  ago  that  the  dis¬ 
horning  of  cattle  was  humane.  I  have 
kept  dishorned  cattle  in  lots  of  500  and 
over,  watering  at  a  single  trough,  and 
have  seen  that  trough  full  of  heads, 
little  and  big,  and  at  times  when  some 
old  cow  would  have  stood  by  it  and 
kept  all  of  the  younger  ones  away  had 
she  had  horns.  It  is  not  at  all  un¬ 
common  for  cattle  running  with  others 
with  horns  to  be  hurt,  and  that,  often, 
more  than  it  hurts  them  to  remove  the 
horns.  I  have  had  men  who  could  not 
bear  to  help  dishorn  cattle  that  I  have 
had  to  discharge  for  the  ’reason  that  they 
were  cruel  to  this  same  stock.  I  pre¬ 
sume  the  pain  is  intense  when  the  horn 
is  removed.  So  it  is  when  you  and  I 
have  a  tooth  pulled.  A  cow  has  just  two 
horns,  while  we  have  32  teeth.  Besides 
it  is  simply  the  two  “hurts,”’  and  that 
is  all.  She  does  not  have  to  dread  the 
operation  all  the  way.  to  town.  •  I  have 
dishorned  cattle  both  while  on  pasture 
and  in  feed,  and  have  always  found 
them  better  for  the  operation,  more 
contented  among  themselves  and  more 
profitable  to  me.  I  prefer  cattle  that  are 
dishorned  at  one  year  old  to  the  polled. 
They  are  more  quiet.  nat.  l.  rowe. 


Cures  Thrush 


Sloan’s  Liniment  hascured  many  cases 
of  thrush  both  in  horses  and  cattle. 
HERE’S  PROOF. 

Mr.  R.  W.  Parish,  of  Bristol,  Ind.,  R.  No.  2, 
writes:  —  “  I  cured  one  of  my  borses  of  tbrusk. 
Her  feet  were  rotten;  the  frogs  came  out;  she 
laid  down  most  of  the  time.  I  thought  she  would 
die,  but  I  used  the  Liniment,  and  she  never 
lies  down  in  the  daytime  now.” 

SLOANS 

LINIMENT 

is  the  best  remedy  for  any  kind  of  horse 
lameness.  You  don’t  have  to  rub  —  it 
penetrates.  Price,  50c.  and  $1.00. 

Send  for  free  book  on  stock. 


Dr.  Earl  S.  Sloan,  Boston,  Mass. 


REAL  TEST 


of  a  Cream  Separator  is,  after  all, 

W  its  skimming  power .  The 

’United  States  Cream  Separator 

holds  the  World’s  record  for  close  skimming  ii 
50  consecutive  runs,  continuing  through  30 
days,  with  the  milk  of  10  breeds  of  cows, 
.0138  of  one  per  cent. 

Awarded  only  Grand  Prize,  Seattle,  1909 
l  Write  us  today  for  Catalog  No.  159  i 

^  Vermont  Farm  Machine  Co, 

Bellows  Falls,  Vt.  Jmk? 


Distributing  Warehouses  in  ail  Dairy 
Sections  of  ihe  country 


:  SWINE 


SPRING  BAN  K  BERKSHIRES.- 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  toser- 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Proprietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


I  ARGE  BERKSH1RES  AT  HlGHWOOD-m 

each  ol  the  last  three  volumes  of  American  Berkshire  Record 
we  sold  and  registered  more  1’erksliires  than  any  other  breeder 
in  the  United  States.  The  large  proportion  went  to  old  .  ustom- 
er8.  This  speaks  for  itself.  JI.C.  &  II. B.  llarpehding,  Dundee,  V  Y. 


Reg.  P.  Chinas,  Berkshires,  C.  Whites. 

Fine,  large  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 
Baps,  Beagles  and  Poultry. Write  for 
prices  &  circulars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Middletown,  Pa 


SOMETHING  NICE— Duroc  Jersey  Swine,  Pnrtri.lge 
and  Golden  Rock  Chickens,  Bourbon  Rod 
Turkeys,  Embden  Geese,  Crested  White  Ducks. 

J.  H.  LEWIS,  R.  No.  2,  Cadiz,  Ohio. 


DUROGS 


THE  BIG,  DEEP  FELLOWS 

_  _  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 

Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS.  Transfer,  Pa. 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old.  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding. 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 

CHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
0  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNES,  Oxford,  N.  Y. 


Horses  and.  Mules 


lbs-9TToirfhs 

Jersey  Reds  fatten  easily  &  quickly. 

Small- boned,  long-bodied,  vigorous 
A  prolific.  Meat  unsurpassed.  Have 
some  choice  offerings  now.  Write 
and  prices.  Arthur  J. 
K,  Moorestown,N.  J. 


ERCHERON 

STALLIONS  no  HUES 

Imported  and  home-bred.  The  best  lot  ever 
shown  in  this  country.  Quality,  price,  guarantee  right. 
For  30  years  an  importer  and  breeder  of  prize  winners. 


15  L  W  O  O  I>  S  .  AKIN 
170  South  Street.  Auburn.  N.  Y. 


THE  PERCHERON  SOCIETY  OF  AMERICA 

Has  just  increased  its  capital  stock  to 
$100,000.  10,000  shares  of  $10  each.  3,000 

shareholders,  Nov.  28,  1910.  100  breeders 

have  taken  membership  since  Dec.  1st. 
Ninety-five  per  cent  of  the  Percheron 
breeders  of  America  record  with  the 
Percheron  Society.  *  *  *  *  » 

Information  pertaining  Percherons  furnished.  Address 


WAYNE  DINSMOIUC,  Secretary, 
Union  Stock  Yards,  Chicago,  Ill. 

KENTUCKY  MAMMOTH  JACKS,  JEN- 
NETS  and  SADDLE  HORSES. 

We  are  the  Largest  Breeders  ih  Arfierica  of  Mam¬ 
moth  Jacks.  Hampshire  and  Tam  worth  hogs.  Stock 
of  all  ages  for  sale.  J.  F.  COOK  8  CO.,  Lexington,  Ky. 


0  Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
at  farmers’  prices.  A  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
iddlefield,  O.  Railroad  station.  East  Orwell,  O.. 


DOGS 


COLLIE  PUPS 


—From  imported  stock.  Females 
cheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 


[  DAIRY  CA-TTIjE 

MAPLE  HURST  STOCK  FARMS,  Guilford,  Conn.,  offer  lor 
sale  4  Jersey  Bull  Calves  eligible  for  registry, 
7  Guernsey  Bull  Calves  eligible  to  registry.  Jei 
seys  headed  by  Hood  Farm  Pogis,  Guernseys  headed 
by  imported  Fantine's  Zac  Taylor.  Splendid 
specimens  of  both  breeds.  Four  magnificent  Berk¬ 
shire  Boar  Pigs  eligible  to  registry.  Sired  by  Hood 
I'a rm  Rex  and  dam  Hood  Farm  Dinah.  Also  20 
8  weeks  old  Chester  White  Pigs.  One  II  months 
old  Chester  White  Boar.  20  single  and  double 
comb  K.  I.  Red  Cockerels,  Tuttle  strain.  The 
above  stock  is  guaranteed  and  the  price  is  right. 


To  Avoid  Inbreeding,  We  Will  Sell  Our 
HERD  HULL 

AMERICA  DE  KOL  BURKE. 

A  great  son  of  the  great  Do  Koi  Burke.  It  will 
pay  you  to  come  and  see  him.  Write  for  pedigree. 
Also,  four  months  Bull  Calf  for  sale 

C  LOT  Eli  IX  A  LE  FARM.  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

C.  S.  Lunt,  Owner  J.  J.  Eden,  Manager 


MlTfi  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  l.)cst  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale:  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somerville,  N.  J. 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEIN-FRI  ESI  AN  ASS'N  OF  AMERICA 
F. L. HOUGHTON, SEC'Y, BOX  IOS.BRATTLEBORO.VT. 


Guernsey  Bulls 

Two-year-old  and  yearling  registered  and  tested 
Bulls  for  Sale,  out  of  advauced  registered  parents. 
Now  is  the  time  to  get  a  good  herd  header  reason¬ 
able.  HILLHURST  FARM, Orchard  IJark,  N.Y, 


GUERNSEY  BULLS  For  SALE 

If  you  wish  to  purchase  a  high-class  Guernsey 
Bull  of  good  Adv.  R.  breeding,  write  to 

OTTO  W.  POST,  ENSKNOHE,  N.  Y. 


Cnrnl/a  Qfnr>lf  Farm  — Registered  Jersey  Bulls 
LulGnd  OlUUR  I  dllll  and  Heifers,  fi  months  to  2 
years  old.  Chester  White,  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  Pups  and  a  variety 
Of  poultrv.  Send  two-cent  stamp  for  circular. 

EDWARD  WALTER,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


Breed  Up-Not  DownTr»rfi$«’“ 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  R.F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


[Vow  dt0hna0t  Fern’s  Jubilee  No.  73852 

A.  J.  C.  C.,  is  one  of  the  best  “butter  bred”  bulls 
in  the  world,  investigate.  Then  order  one  of  his 
young  sons  before  it  is  too  late.  Nothing  over  three 
months  old  on  hand  at  present.  Address 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  -:-  Laurel  Farm,  -:-  Hamilton.  N.  Y. 


JERSEYS 


—Combination  and  Golden  Lad;  for 
sale,  2  cows,  7  heifers,  3  bulls. 

S.  E.  NIVIN,  Laudenburg,  Pa. 


/liltr  ProrflTCPre  for  New  ' ork  City  J«arket 
film  rlUUUliClo  desiring  information  how  to 

orm  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
he  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville.  N.  \. 


SHEE 


Woodland  Dorse ts 

Woodland  Dorsets  have  been  sold  into  practically 
every  State  in  the  Union,  and  are  giving  satisfac¬ 
tion.  I  can  spare  fifty  head  of  splendid  ewes,  all 
of  them  bred  to  a  very  fine  ram.  , 

CHAS.  B.  WING,  Mechanicsburg,  Ohio. 


UDflDCUIDEQ-100  yeavling 

nnur OnirikO  yearling  rams. 


ewes ;  40 
Price  and 


Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal— The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute 

Three  or  four  calves  can  be  raised  on  it  at  the  cost  of  one  where  milk  is  fed. 
fVjo  mill  feed  The  only  calf  meal  manufactured  in  an  exclusive  Calf  Meal  Factory 
Established  at  Leicester,  England,  in  1600. 


Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory,  Waukegan,  Ill. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


20© 


A  Milk  Ration. 


For  milk  ration,  I  am.  ■  using  '  dry  corn 
fodder,  feeding  mangels,  wheat  bran,  dried 
brewers’  grains  and  corn.  What  change 
does  it  need  to  make  it  better?.  I  shall 
sow  oats  and  Canada  peas  in  Spring  for 
hay.  I  see  vetch  recommended ;  is  it  as 
good  as  the  peas  for  that  purpose? 

Pennsylvania.  G.  v. 

I  would  suggest  the  following  ration 
for  average  cows  weighing  about  1,000 
pounds  each : 


anced  ration,  except  that  no  cornmeal 
or  cotton-seed  meal  should  be  fed  just 
before  or  within  two  weeks  after  par¬ 
turition,  as  heavy  concentrated  feeds 
like  these  are  liable  to  cause  congested 
udders  during  this  time  specially: 


15 

10 

4 

o 


lbs.  oat 
hay 
lbs.  mixed 
lbs.  wheat 
lbs.  cotton 


and 


hay . 
bran 


Digestible 

Dry 

Pro- 

Carb. 

Feeding  stuff 

matter 

tein 

and  fat 

25  lbs.  cornfodder  .. 

.14.50 

.625 

9.325 

15  lbs. mangels  . 

.  1.35 

.165 

.84 

5  lbs.  dry  bre were’ 

grains . 

.785 

2.39 

2  lbs.  wheat  bran.. 

.  1.76 

.244 

.906 

2  lbs.  cotton  -seed 

meal . 

.  1.84 

.744 

.S88 

24.05 

2.563 

14.349 

Nutritive  ratio  1 

:  5.0. 

Digestible 

Dry 

Pro- 

Carb. 

matter 

tein 

and  fat 

.12.9 

.81 

5.916 

.  8.7 1 

.422 

4.625 

.  3.52 

i 

.4SS 

1.812 

.  1.84 

.744 

!SS8 

.  1.84 

.496 

1.104 

.  1.78 

.158 

1.528 

30.59 

5.1. 

3.118 

15.873 

not  cost  you  as 

much 

As  you  do  not  state  the  amounts  of 
the  different  feeding  stuffs  you  use  at 
present  I  am  unable  to  show  a  compari¬ 
son  between  your  present  nation  and 
the  one  suggested.  While  the  ration 
given  above  will  give  fairly  good  re¬ 
sults  it  would  be  better  if  you  could 
get  some  clover  or  Alfalfa  hay  to  feed 
in  place  of  part  of  the  corn  fodder. 
Cows  get  very  tired  of  one  feed  like 
corn  fodder,  which  is  not  very  palatable 
when  kept  until  this  season  of  the  year 
and  fed  dry.  If  not  too  much  trouble, 
I  would  suggest  that  it  be  cut  and 
steamed  before  feeding,  as  cows  will 
eat  it  much  better  when  treated  in 
this  way.  I  have  never  tried  vetch,  as 
I  do  not  think  it  can  equal  oats  and 
peas  for  cows  from  June  15  to  Aug¬ 
ust  10.  .  c.  s.  G. 


Improving  a  Ration 


Please 
weighing 
with  the 


suggest  grain  ration  for  cows 
900  to  1100  pounds,  to  be  led 
following  roughage  :  Corn  silage, 
20  pounds;  oats  and  pea  hay  (mostly  oats), 
eight  to  10  pounds;  mixed  hay  (Timothy, 
Red-top  and  wild  grasses),  no  clover,  12 
to  15  pounds.  I  cannot  increase  the  silage, 
as  we  have  only  a  limited  quantity.  Cows 
came  fresh  in  September  and  October,  now 
giving  20  to  30  pouuds  daily  on  the  above 
roughage  with  six  or  seven  pounds  wheat 
bran  and  live  pounds  continental  gluten 
feed  (distillers’  grains;,  guaranteed  an¬ 
alysis  protein  33,  fat,  14.  I  would  like 
to  increase  the  milk  if  possible,  at  the  same 
time  reduce  the  cost.  Bran  and  gluten  on 
hand,  therefore  ration  must  contain  some 
of  each.  Bran  cost  when  bought  $25.55  at 
station,  live  miles  away.  Would  cost  to 
buy  now  $20.80.  Gluten  cost  at  station 
$35.50,  same  now.  1  can  buy  cotton-seed 
at  $30,  oil  meal  (old  process)  about  $40, 
cornmeal  for  $27,  but  do  not  think  cows 
need  any,  as  they  are  in  lirst  class  condi¬ 
tion.  Also  give  ration  from  these  feeds  for 
cows  just  beginning  to  freshen,  where  the 
roughage  consists  of  all  the  oat  and  pea 
hay  they  will  eat  three  times  a  day,  prol>- 
ably  about  30  to  40  pouuds,  no  silage.  I 
could  give  them  some  of  the  mixed  hay 

mentioned.  I  have  some  heifers  coming 
two  that  did  not  come  home  in  very  good 
shape  in  the  Fall.  1  have  clipped  them 
and  they  are  looking  better  now.  I  am 
feeding  them  all  the  oat  and  pea  hay 
they  will  eat  three  times  a  day  with  two 
quarts  bran  and  a  pint  of  oil  meal  twice 
daily.  Do  you  think  this  too  heavy? 
Ileifers  will  not  freshen  till  March.  I  have 

some  other  heifers  one  year  old  last  Fall 

and  some  coming  one  year  old  this  Spring; 
grain  ration  same  as  above  with  all  the 
mixed  hay  (Timothy  and  Red-Top)  they 

will  eat  three  times  a  day.  Do  you  think 
there  is  any  danger  from  the  oil  "meal?  I 
want  the  older  ones  to  freshen  next  Fall. 

New  York.  a.  x.  s. 

Here  is  the  analysis  of  the  ration  you 


are  feeding: 

Dry 

Digestible 

Pro-  Carb. 

matter 

tein 

and  fat 

20 

lbs.  silage  .  4.20 

.18 

1.58 

10 

lbs.  oat  and  pea 
hay  .  8.6 

.54 

3.944 

12 

lbs.  mixed  hay..  10. 45 

.506 

5.55 

6 

lbs.  wheat  bran.  5.28 

.732 

2.718 

5 

lbs.  continental 
gluten  .  4.60 

1.2 

2.76 

33.13 

3.198 

17.552 

This  ration  has  a  nutritive  ratio  of 
1 :5.5,  which  is  very  near  the  standard, 
so  it  would  be  a  difficult  matter  for  me 
to  suggest  any  very  great  improvement. 
The  quantity  given,  however,  seems  to  be 
rather  larger — enough  for  an  average 
cow  weighing  1200  to  1300  pounds.  If 
you  would  reduce  your  wheat  bran  to 
two  pounds  and  add  two  pounds  of 
cotton-seed  meal  I  think  it  would  im¬ 
prove  the  ration  a  little,  at  the  same 
time  saving  about  one  cent  per  cow  per 
day. 

For  your  cows  that  are  just  freshen-  | 
ing  I  would  suggest  the.  following  bal- I 


2  lbs.  continental 

gluten  . 

2  lbs.  cornmeal  .. 

Nutritive  ratio  1 


as  the  one  you  are  feeding,  yet  it  con¬ 
tains  about  the  same  nutriment.  It  is 
liable,  however,  to  be  a  little  constipat¬ 
ing,  as  it  contains  no  succulent  ma¬ 
terial..  If  you  find  any  trouble  in  this 
direction  you  could  add  a  pound  or  two 
of  linseed  meal,  but  not  increasing  the 
amount  fed.  The  oil  meal  will  not  hurt 
your  heifers  if  fed  sparingly.  I  would 
suggest  that  you  feed  not  over  one 
pound  per  day  to  each  one — the  re¬ 
mainder  of  the  grain  ration  to  be  wheat 
bran  or  mixed  feed  and  ground  oats. 

c.  s.  G. 

Ration  for  Fresh  Cows, 

Will  you  give  me  a  balanced  ration  for 
fresh  cows?  I  have  mixed  clover,  Timothy, 
and  Red-top  hay,  silage  enough  to  feed 
once  a  day  until  grass  (no  corn  in  the 
silage)  and  oats,  and  I  can  get  the  follow¬ 
ing  grains  here :  Cornmeal  at  95  cents  per 
iOO;  wheat  bran,  $1.25;  gluten  feed.  $1.35; 
cotton-seed  meal,  $1.65;  old  process  oil 
meal,  $1.90;  Alfalfa  meal,  green,  $1.30 

New  York.  H.  M. 

From  the  feeding  stuffs  mentioned 
I  would  select  the  following  ration  as 
the  most  economical  to  use  at  the 
prices : 


Dry 

Feeding  stuff  matter 

20  lbs.  silage  .  4.20 

15  lbs.  mixed  hay  and 

clover  . 13.05 

5  lbs.  wheat  bran..  4.40 
2  lbs.  cottonseed  meal  1.84 
2  lbs.  cornmeal  ....  1.78 

25.27 

Nutritive  ratio  1  :  5.4. 


Digestible 


Pro¬ 

tein 

.18 

.93 

.61 

.744 

.158 


Carb. 
and  fat 
2.58 

6.90 

2.265 

.888 

1.528 


2.622  14.161 


The  silage  in  this  ration  to  be  given 
once  a  .  day  and  the  hay  and  grain 
divided  into  two  feeds  a  day.  Be  very 
careful  not  to  feed  a  cow  any  cornmeal 
or  cotton-seed  for  at  least  two  weeks 
after  she  freshens,  or  until  all  danger 
of  inflammation  of  the  udder  has  ceased. 
Begin  by  feeding  a  very  small  amount 
at  first,  gradually  increasing  according 
to  the  cow’s  appetite  and  her  ability  to 
assimilate  the  food.  One  of  the  most 
common  mistakes  of  feeders  is  to  begin 
feeding  too  much  heavy  grain  suddenly, 
before  a  cow  is  accustomed  to  the  feed; 
therefore  much  damage  is  done  that 
could  easily  have  been  avoided  by  in¬ 
creasing  gradually  during  one  or  two 
weeks,  instead  of  trying  to  put  a  cow  on 
full  feed  in  a  day  or  two.  c.  s.  G. 


People  Who  Own 

SHARPLES 

Tubular 

Cream  Separators 

are  the  people  for  you  to  talk  to.  They  will  tell 
you  it  pays  to  have  the  Tubular,  which  produces 
twice  the  skimming  force,  skims  faster  and  twice 
as  clean  as  others.  They  will  tell  you  it  is  fine  to 
have  a  separator  without  d  isks  or  other  hard  to 
wash,  quick  to  wear,  sure  to  rust  contraptions. 
Here  aretwostatementsfromthousands  we  have: 

"Have  a  Tubular. 
Gained  $273  on  bat¬ 
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— Chas.  Slothower. 
Warren,  Ill. 

"Have  used  Tubu¬ 
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any  repairs.’* 

—Hubert  Dunlap, 
Blalrsville,  Pa. 

FREE  TRIAL 

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pay  freight,  risk  money,  or 
waste  time  on  any  “mail  order”  or  other  (so 
called)  cheap  separator,  the  average  life  of  which 

is  one  year. 


30 

yrs 


Write  for 
Catalogue 
No.  153 


THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO. 

WEST  CHESTER,  PA. 

Chicago,  111.,  San  Francisco.  Cal.,  Portland,  Oro. 
Toronto,  Can.  W  Innlpeic,  Can. 


Powerful,  Double-Energy  “SM  ALLEY” 
Fills  Silos  at  Vast  Money -Saving! 


Th-is  amazingfarm  worker  handles  the  whole  job  ALONE!  Because  it’s  the  World’s 
Only  Positive  Force-Feed  Cutter!  Just  needs  one  man  to  lay  the  bundles  on  the  table. 

The  powerful  chain  feed  with  grip  hooks,  shoots  the  bundles  along — without  shoving — until 
they  hit  the  roller  and — ZIP! — up  they  go  like  lightning  into  the  silo  as  ensilage!  Never 
balks!  Just  stays  right  on  the  job  every  minute!  Eats  up  the  bundles  fast  as  you  feed  them! 

The  “Smalley”  gets  the  silo-filling  done  quicker  than  any  other  cutter  in  the  world!  Be¬ 
cause  its  capacity  is  25%  greater — size  for  size  and  price  for  price — than  any  other  cutter  made! 

Save  money,  time  and  toil  by  turning  over  the  silo-filling  to  the  hustling 


FORCE-FEED 
ENSILAGE  CUTTER! 


It  has  a  hundred  unparalleled  features  (see  catalog). 
t  Note  its  1911  improvement  in  circle  to  left.  Note  how 
it  absolutely  prevents  feed  chain  buckling!  Because  the 
Smalley’  is  the  world’s  greatest  cutter  the  factory’s  output 
asp*,  is  limited— cutters  are  snapped  up  by  the  nation’s 
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Jilling  proposition.  .  A  postal  or  letter  brings  it  by  return  mail — 
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.SMALLEY  MFC.  CO.  (Est.  1857)  12  Rich  St.,  Manitowoc,  Wis. 


AMERICAN 

Steel  Fence  Post 

Cheaper  Than  Wood 

and  More  Durable 

Many  years  of  experimenting 
with  metal  fence  posts  have 
developed  this  post.  It  is 
now  thoroughly  practical,  fill¬ 
ing  every  requirement  on  the 
farm,  in  the  town,  for  rail¬ 
roads  and  wherever  fence  posts 
are  used. 

Made  of  tough  steel,  heavily 
zinc  coated.  Durability 
proven  by  us— ten  years’  ac¬ 
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Means  a  big  reduction  in 
fence  cost  and  maintenance. 

40-page  catalog  sent  free,  fully 
illustrating  and  describing.  Send 
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Sold  by  dealers  everywhere.  Ask 
dealer  to  show  samples  and  quote 
prices,  or  write  us  direct. 

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Chicago : 

115  Adams  Street 
Denver:  • 
First  Nat.  Bank  Bldg. 


Continuous-Opening,  Braced 
Door  -  Frame,  Permanent 
Ladder,  Interchangeable 
Doors,  Lightest  and 
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described 
in  our 
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contains 
ihe  latest 
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about  Silos. 

We  invented 
the  Modern  Sdo 
and  have  led  the 
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largest  variety  of 
styles  and  sizes.  Send 
for  our  catalog  of  Silos 
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kind  Uncle  Sam  uses.” 

Harder  Mfg.  Company 

1 1  Cobles  kill,  N.  Y. 


Box 


THIS  IS  THE 

IL.4 

We  Had 
Such  A 
Hun  On 
Last  Season 

Do  yon 
■w  a  n  t  t  o 
handle  it 
for  us  this 
season. 

W  rite  us 
at  once. 

Van  Slyke 
&  Company 

No. Toflawaada.il. Y. 


DEWEY’S 

Distillers’  Dried  Grains 

(Three  D  Grains) 

During  1910  the  Feed  Department  in  several 
States  took  samples  of  Corn  Three  3)  Grains 
and  found  protein  and  fat  as  follows: 


Protein  Fat 

Ohio . 37.18  14.41 

Indiana. _ 33.00  12.40 

Indiana . 33.10  1210 

New  York.. 29. 13  12.17 


Protein  Fat 
Maryland..  30. 51  13.06 

Florida . 31.59  8.08 

Maine . 32.0  i - 

Wisconsin.. 31.42  14.10 


I«  1911— Now  \ork,  3-1,5  protein,  11. SB  fat)  8.27  If 

Three  D  Grains  affords  cheapest  protein  and 
fat.  Is  best  concentrate  to  use  with  farm  i\-<>ds. 
We  GUARANTEE  it  to  INCREASE  YOUR  PROMTS. 

IV  rite  for  samples  and  prices— also  for  I  <  >k- 
let,  by  Prof.  Henry,  “How  to  Feed  Disul  lers’ 
Dried  Grains.”  m 

The  Dewey  Bros.  Co.  Blanch  est 


444 

letter,  Ohio 


FREE  TO  FARMERS 

A  Valuable  160-page  book  entitled 

“SILO  PROFITS” 

Written  by  200  of  tho  moat  successful 
Feeders.  Farmers  and  Dairymen  In 
the  World.  (LeP  Kvery  farmer  In 
America  should  read  this  book,  and 
as  long  as  our  supply  of  these  books 
last  we  will  mail  one  copy  free  to 
each  person  asking  for  it.  It  gives 
theaetual  experience  of  these  farm¬ 
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Our  Factories  are  located  at  An¬ 
derson,  Ind.,  DesMoines,  Iowa  and 
Kansas  City,  Write  NOW  «q;i  t>  CM  ■ 

Missouri.  »  for  this  book  3110  Jr  rOilTS 
o1Si  INDIANA  SILO  COMPANY 

Union  Building,  Anderson,  Indiana 


New  York: 

30  Church  Street 

San  Francisco : 
16th  and  Folsqm  Sts. 


THE  UNADILLA  SILO 

IS  the  sensation  of 

THE  AGRICULTURAL  WORLD 

Because  it  has  nn  adjustabl  door 
front  to  and  from  doors. 

Because  no  hammer  is  needed  to 
release  doors. 

Because  doorscan  be  unlocked,  moved 
in  frame  and  relockcd  60time.su  minute. 

Write  for  catalogue  describing  the 
above  features  and  testimonial-,  and 
our  •■TWENTY-FIVE  REASONS.” 

We  also  manufacture  Farm  Water 
Tubs  and  are  New  England  reprr-enta- 
tives  for  Papec  Cutters  and  are  in  posi- 
ion  !«•  quote  low  prices  upon  receipt  of  inquire. 

Extra  discount  for  early  orders.  Agents  wanted. 
THE  UNADILLA  SILO  CO.,  Inc.,  Box  B,  UNADILLA,  N.  Y. 


THE  ROSS  SILO 


The  only  thoroughly  manufactured 
Silo  on  the  market.  Full  length  stave. 
Continuous  door  frame  complete  with 
ladder.  Triple  hoveled  silo  door  with 
hinges.  Equipped  witn  extra  heavy 
hoops  at  bottom. 

AIR  TIGHT 

Makes  winter  feed  equal  to  June 
grass.  THE  ROSS  will  more  than  pay 
for  itself  in  one  season.  Write  to¬ 
day  for  catalog  which  gives  facts  that 
will  save  you  money.  Agents  wanted. 
The  E.  W.  lloss  Co. (Est.  1850) 
Box  IS  SPRINGFIELD.  OHIO 


ECONOMY  SILO 


Our  simple  ye  tperfeet-fittingdoon 

forming  air-tight  silo,  entirely  prt 
vent  possibility  of  ensilage  spoiling 
Quick,  easy  adjustment  withou 
hammer  or  wrench.  Free  access. 

1 ;  .  cry  si  lo  easy  to  erect.  Sea sone 
white  pi  ue  or  cypress  staves.  Refine 
iron  hoops  form  easy  ladder. 

Write  for  free  catalogue  with  proc 
of  our  claims  from  delighted  users. 
ECONOMY  SILO  &  MFC.  CO.,  ~ 
Box  3C-J  Frederick,  Md. 


GREEN  MOUNTAIN 

SILOS 

Three  bearings  all  around 
each  door  like  a  safe  or  re¬ 
frigerator  door.  Hoops  are 
stronger  than  others.  Staves, 
doors  and  fronts  soaked  in 
preservative  if  you  wish. 

Green  Mountain  Silos  differ 
from  other  round  silos. 

Free  catalogue  gives  details. 

Post  card  will  bring  it. 

CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MFG.  CO. 
338  West  Street,  Rutland,  Vt. 


210 


THE  K  URAL  NEW-YORKER 


February  18, 


MILK  SELLING  AND  LOSS  OF  FERTILITY 

A  corporation  of  large  capital,  engaged  in 
condensing  milk  for  the  Oriental  trade,  pro¬ 
poses  to  establish  a  large  milk  condensing 
plant.  Approximately  $125,000  is  to  be 
invested  and  tlie  farmers  of  the  surround¬ 
ing  country  are  to  be  asked  to  contract 
milk  for  one  year  at  current  Elgin  price  for 
butter  fat,  with  a  flat  bonus,  as  we  under¬ 
stand,  of  25  cents  per  hundred  pounds  over 
and  above  this  basic  price.  The  entire 
county  is  now  engaged  in  the  cheese  mak¬ 
ing  industry  with  two  creameries  iu  the 
city  handling  principally  separator  cream 
that  is  gathered  in  the  usual  manner  from 
tlve  farms  within  a  radius  of  20  miles  of 
the  city.  Aside  from  our  personal  antag¬ 
onism  to  the  establishment  of  this  plant 
on  the  ground  that  it  would  injure  our 
business,  we  have  taken  the  ground  that 
the  sale  of  whole  milk  from  the  farms  will 
eventually,  in  almost  every  case,  result  in 
impoverishment  of  the  soil  and  lead  to  a 
bad  condition  of  affairs  as  to  the  possibility 
of  growing  remunerative  crops  in  tin1  years 
to  come.  We  take  this  ground  knowing 
that  the  average  farmer  gives  but  little 
thought  to  soil  conservation  aside  from  the 
hackneyed  methods  of  the  little*  informed 
person.  We  know  that  the  cheese  industry 
is  open  to  the  same  indictment  iu  a  general 
way,  but  at  that  considerable  use  of  the 
whey  is  made  and  hog  raising  is  very  gen¬ 
erally  practiced.  .  a.  c.  x>. 

Wisconsin. 

The  fertility  of  the  soil  is  a  matter  of 
so  much  importance  that  one  is  at  once 
interested  when  the  question  of  effect  of 
selling  milk  as  compared  with  the  sale 
!of  butter. .or  cheese  is  considered.  There 
is  no  dodging  the  fact  that  those  of  us 
who  are  producing  milk  for  the  city  re¬ 
tail  trade,  or  selling  to  a  condensery, 
are  removing  from  our  farms  no  little 
amount  of  the  elements  of  fertility  which 
the  Manufacture  of  butter  saves.  Records 
of  analyses  of  milk  and  whey  are  easily 
found,  but  those  of  butter  and  cheese 
are  not  so  common,  and  unfortunately 
do  not  all  agree  perfectly.  For  some 
purpose  the  following  may  be  taken  as 
fair  representations:  Supposing  that  we 
consider  a  ton  of  material  in  each  in¬ 
stance. 

Pounds  iu  one  ton  : 

Phosphoric 

Nitrogen.  Acid.  Potash. 

Milk  .  10.6  6.8  3.6 

Skim-milk  .  11.2  4.  o.8 

Cheese .  70.  13.  3.9 

Whey  .  3.  2.8  d.t> 

Putter  .  2.  1.  .4 

Now  if  we  suppose  that  100  pounds 
«.of  milk  will  make  4)4  pounds  of  butter, 
or  11  pounds  of  cheese,  and  presume 
that  we  get  95)4  pounds  of  skim-milk 
in  one  case,  or  89  pounds  of  whey  in 
the  other,  and  supposing  further  that 
we  have  a  farm  keeping  20  cows  pro¬ 
ducing  an  average  of  4500  pounds  of 
milk,  we  would  sell  in  milk,  cheese  or 
butter  elements  as  per  the  following 
table : 

Production  of  20  cows  : 

Pounds  Phosphoric 

Nitrogen.  Acid.  Potash. 

Milk  .  477  171  162 

Cheese  .  850  58  18 

Putter - -  - -  4  2  .8 

At  is  cents  for  nitrogen  and  Five  cents 
each  for  phosphoric  acid  and  potash, 
the  results  stand  as  follows : 

Production  of  20  cows  : 

Milk  . . $85.86  $8.....  $8.10 

Cheese  .  63.00  2.90  .90 

Butter . 72  .10  .04 

Surely  that  is  quite  a  difference  in  the 
value  of  the  nitrogen,  phosphoric  acid 
and  potash  sold  off  a  20-cow  dairy  farm. 
A  man  might  Well  hesitate  somewhat 
about  selling  milk  as  compared  with  sell¬ 
ing  butter,  or  even  cheese,  when  there 
is  so  much  difference  in  the  elements  of 
fertility  that  is  disposed  of  in  the  dif¬ 
ferent  products.  In  none  of  these  cases, 
however,  is  the  quantity  of  the  elements 
of  fertility  excessively  large  for  a  farm 
of  the  size  required  for  keeping  20  cows. 
Any  of  the  elements  may  readily  be  re¬ 
placed  for  the  money  named.  In  the  case 
of  feeding  skint-milk,  and  to  some  ex¬ 
tent  in  feeding  whey,  there  is  a  value, 
not  readily  reduced  to  figures,  as  for.  in¬ 
stance  in  the  humus  that  may  go  into 
the  soil,  and  any  profit  that  may  come 
front  the  young  animals  that  are  fed. 
Feeding  young  animals,  however,  will 
remove  some  of  the  mineral  elements  if 
they  are  finally  sold.  On  the  other 
hand  there  is  a  labor  account  that  must 
always  be  reckoned  with,  and  upon  this 
must  depend  much  of  the  decision  as  to 
the  manner  of  disposing  of  the  product. 

From  a  practical  standpoint  the  first 
question  that  occurs  to  ns  is,  What  is 


found  to  he  the  effect  of  selling  milk 
from  our  dairy  farms?  It  must  he  ad¬ 
mitted  that  the  answer  is  not  uniform. 

It  does  not  seem  to  be  any  more  neces¬ 
sary  that  a  farm  must  grow  poorer  be¬ 
cause  milk  is  sold,  than  it  does  that  the 
soil  must  improve  because  a  farmer 
buys  a  lot  of  grain  feeds  for  his  stock. 

It  is  by  no  means  uncommon  to  find 
farms  or  even  whole  neighborhoods 
where  large  amounts  of  feeds  are  pur¬ 
chased  and  yet  the  land  is  growing 
poorer  every  year.  Likewise  we  find 
other  localities  where  milk  has  been  sold 
for  a  succession  of  years  and  still  the 
land  is  in  a  better  state  of  productive¬ 
ness  than  formerly.  These  results  are 
not  to  he  taken  as  necessarily  usual, 
but  such  instances  go  to  show  that  it  is 
the  method  of  handling  the  soil  rather 
than  the  mere  fact  that  milk  is  sold,  or 
that  butter  is  sold  instead,  that  deter¬ 
mines  the  productiveness  of  the  soil. 
We  find  localities,  or  at  least  farms, 
where  the  growing  of  potatoes  is  not 
followed  by  depleted  soil,  hut  by  im¬ 
proved  production  year  by  year,  and  this 
without  the  purchase  of  extravagant 
amounts  of  fertilizers.  It  does  not  seem 
longer  to  be  absolutely  necessary  that 
stock  shall  he  kept  on  farms,  or  that 
fertilizers  shall  he  largely  purchased  in 
order  to  keep  them  productive.  It  does 
make  a  lot  of  difference  how  the  land  is 
handled.  I  do  not  wish  to  be  misunder¬ 
stood  in  this  matter.  1  approve  most 
heartily  of  the  dairy  business,  and  1  ap¬ 
prove  of  the  idea  of  keeping  the  skim- 
milk  at  home  and  feeding  it  to  calves 
and  hogs,  or  even  to  some  extent  to 
dairy  cows.  But  if  market  conditions 
are  strongly  against  such  a  course,  or  if 
the  labor  problem  becomes  too  acute, 
as  it  sometimes  seems  to  he,  or  if  in¬ 
spection  becomes  too  unreasonable,  as 
seems  now  to  he  the  tendency,  one  may 
patronize  a  cheese  factory,  sell  milk  or 
go  out  of  the  dairy  business  altogether 
without  the  impoverishment  of  his  soil, 
provided  he  is  fully  informed  as  to  the 
best  methods  of  handling  it.  On  our 
own  farm  we  have  sold  milk  for  nearly 
20  years,  and  for  several  years  back 
have  returned  no  skim-milk  to  the  farm, 
yet  the  production  of  crops  never  he-  j 
fore  equaled  those  of  the  past  year. 
There  has  been  good  money  in  cheese 
during  the  warmer  months  for  several 
years,  and  for  two  years  Summer  milk 
has  paid  much  better  in  butter  than 
when  sold  to  the  milk  shippers  and  con¬ 
densers.  This  condition  may  or  may 
not  continue,  hut  if  it  should  there  are 
many  cases  where  cooperative  concerns 
can  best  handle  the  product,  and  further 
where  it  may  he  best  even  to  utilize  the 
skim-milk  or  the  whey  in  some  of  the 
manufacturing  processes  rather  than  re¬ 
turn  it  over  rough  roads  to  the  farm,  j 
Where  convenient,  I  would  use  on  the 
farm  and  would  prefer  to  do  so  without 
its  leaving  the  farm  at  all.  H.  h.  i,von. 


Worth  to  You? 


Yet  your  best  horse  5s  just  as  liable 
to  develop  a  Spavin,  Ringbone,  Splint, 
Curb  or  Lameness  as  your  poorest. 
These  ailments  cannot  be  prevented 
but  they  can  be  quickly  and  entirely 
cured  it  you  always  have  on  hand 
a  bottle  of  the  old  reliable 

Kendall's 

Spavin  Cure 

For  over  40  years  this  wonderful  remedy 
has  been  constantly  proving  Its  eflicieuey 
and  value  to  horse  owners  everywhere.  It 
has  saved  millions  of  dollars  in  horseflesh 
and  untold  time,  work  and  worry. 

The  experience  of  Mr.  H.  K.  Davis,  of 
Madras,  Oregon  Is  merely  typical  ol*  thou¬ 
sands.  He  says— 

“I  have  used  your  Spavin  Cure  for  over 
fourteen  years  and  could  not  get  along 
■without  It.  I  have  cured  Spavins,  Splints, 
Curb,  etc.  I  always  keep  it  on  hand.” 

And  Mr.  Oscar  Masters  of  Peppers,  N.  O 
writes— 

“I  have  been  using  your  Spavin  Cure  for 
several  years  and  i  t  certainly  Is  the  world’s 
greatest  liniment.” 

Don’t  take  chances  with  your  horses. 
Have  a  bottle  or  two  of  Kendall's  Spavin 
Cure  always  on  hand— It  Is  a  sure  cure. 
Price  61.00  per  bottle  or  6  bottles  for  85.00. 
Get  our  valuable  Book.  “Treatise  on  the 
Horse”— Free  at  your  druggist  or  write 
direct  to  us. 

Dvm  Bm  J.  Kendal!  Oo.9 

Enosburg  Falls,  Vermont,  U.  S.  A. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  pagG 


‘S ave-T he  Morsels pavinCure. 


PCG.  TRADE.  MAR IV 


96  Mnnn  Avo.,  Newark,  N.  J.,  Aug.  15,  1910. 

Sometlmo  apo  I  purchased  a  horse,  believing  him  to  bo  a  real 
good  one.  At  the  time  I  did  not  know  that  ho  had  been  fired 
and  blistered.  He  beeamo  very  lame  from  a  Bone  Spavin,  and 
the  prospect  was  not  very  favorable,  owing  to  his  advanced  ago. 

However,  having  a  bottle  of  “Save-Thc-Horse”  pn  hand.  Of 
which  I  had  used  very  little  in  satisfactorily  curing  Puffs  on 
another  horse,  I  ventured  to  think  it  would  help  the  Spavin  on 
my  new  purchase.  1  was  ashamed  to  drive  the  horse  in  the  day¬ 
time,  ho  was  so  lame.  I  used  about  half  the  bottle.  Suddenly 
the  horse  forgot  his  lameness,  and  to  this  day  ho  acts  and 
goes  as  sound  as  a  colt.  Now  should  you  want  a  recommenda¬ 
tion  you  are  at  liberty  to  refer  to  mo.  Jos.  IVm.  Burton. 

$5,00  a  Bottle  With  Signed  CONTRACT. 

This  is  a  binding  CONTRACT  and  protects  pnrehaser  ab¬ 
solutely  in  treating  and  curing  any  case  of  Bono  and  Bog  Spi»in. 
Thoroughpin.  Ring-bone,  (except  low).  Curb,  Splint,  Copped  Hock, 
Wmdpuff,  Shocboil,  Injured  Tundons  and  all  Limpness.  No  scar  or 
loss  of  hair.  Horse  works  ns  usual.  Send  for  copy  of  contract, 
booklet  on  all  lameness  and  letters  from  prominent  businosi 
men,  bankers,  farmers  and  horso  owners  the  world  over  on 
every  kind  of  caso.  At  all  druggists  and  dealers,  or  express  paid. 

Troy  Chemica  1  Co.  24  Com’l  avc.  Binghamton,  N,Y. 

MINERAL. 
HEAVE 
REMEDY 


"DW 


NEGLECT 
Will  Ruin 
Your  Horse' 

Send  today  for 
only 

PERMANENT 


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CERTAIN* 


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will  cure  any  case  or 
money  refunded. 

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cures  ordinary  cases. 
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TRAPPERS  AND  HUNTERS. 

Kill's  are  high.  A  fact  whica  you  are  all  probably  ac¬ 
quainted  with.  Hut  the  question  is.  Are  you  getting 
highest  market  value  for  yours  '  Remember  we  do  not 
charge  any  commission:  pay  all  express  charges:  will 
hold  your  goods  separate  for  approval  of  our  valuation, 
when  requested,  and  if  not  satisfactory  will  return  and 
pay  all  charges.  Don't  jou  think  we  are  entitled  to  a 
trial  shipment  on  the  strength  of  the  foregoing  f  For 
further  information  write  for  our  free  price  list  and 
Trappers’  Guide.  Make  us  a  trial  shipment  today. 

Abrohams  Fur  &  Wool  Co.,  Fur  Merchants,  Seymour,  Wis. 


SHIP  YOUR 


To  McMILLAN  FUR  &  WOOL  CO. 


MINNEAPOLIS.  MINN, 
illustrated  Circular  Free  to  anyone  interested  in 
RAW  FURS. - 

Trappers’  Guide  .Free  to  those  who  ship  to  us. , 


I  will  reduce  inflamed,  swollen  Joints, 

Bruises,  Soil  Bunches.  Cure  Boils.  Fis¬ 
tula  or  any  unhealthy  sore  quickly: 

Dloasnnt  to  use;  does  cat  blister 
under  bandage  or  remove  the  hair, 
and  you  can  work  tho  horse.  $2  per 
bottle  at  dealers  or  delivered. 
Horse  Book  7  D  free. 

ABSORBINE,  JR  .  for  mankind, 
$1.00  per  bottle.  Reduces  Vnricoso 
.Veins,  Varicocele,  Hydrocole, 
(Goitre,  Wens,  Strains,  Bruises, 
stops  Pain  and  inflammation. 

W.  F.  YOUNG,  P.  D.  F.,  88  Temple  St.,  Springfield,  Mass. 


Quinn’s  Ointment 

(loes  for  the  horse  what  no  other  remedy  can  <!:>■  p 
There's  not  a  curb.eplint.Biiavln,  wind puif  or  hunch  | 
that  it  will  not  remove.  Sure  and  speedy.  rV*<?U9' 
ands  of  horse  owners  use  it — Quinn’s  alone,  they 
regard  It  as  the  un  railing  remedy. 

PRICE  $1.00  PER  BOTTLE. 

At  all  druggists  or  sent  by  mail.  Testimonials  free. 

W.  B.  Eddy  &  Co.,  Whitehall,  New  York. 


“"AMERICAN 

SEPARATOR 

EXCELS  ANY  SEPARATOR  IN  THE  WORLD 

OUR  LIBERAL  TRIAL  ENABLES  YOU 
TO  DEMONSTRATE  THIS.  While  our  prices 
for  all  capacities  are  astonishingly  low,  the  qual¬ 
ity  is  high.  Our  machines  are  up  to  date,  well 
built  and  handsomely  finished;  run  easier, 
skim  closer,  have  a  simpler  bowl  with  fewer 
parts  than  any  other  cream  separator.  Thou¬ 
sands  of  machines  in  use  giving  splendid  satis¬ 
faction.  Write  for  our  1911  catalog.  We 
will  send  it  free,  postpaid.  It  is  richly  illus¬ 
trated,  shows  the  machines  in  detail  and  tells 
all  about  the  American  Separator. 
Our  surprisingly  liberal  long  time 
trial  proposition,  generous  terms  of 
purchase  and  the  low  prices  quoted 
will  astonish  you.  We  are  the 
oldest  exclusive  manufacturers  of 
hand  separators  in  America  and  the 
first  to  sell  direct  to  the  user.  We 
cannot  afford  to  sell  an  article  that 
is  not  absolutely  first  class.  You 
save  agent’s,  dealer’s  and  even  cata¬ 
log  house’s  profits  by  dealing  with 
us  and  at  the  same  time  obtain  the 
finest  and  highest  quality  machine 
on  the  market.  Our  own  (manu¬ 
facturer’s)  guarantee  protects  you 
on  every  American  Separator.  We 
ship  immediately.  Western  orders 
filled  from  Western  points.  Write 
us  and  get  our  great  offer  and  hand¬ 
some  free  catalog.  ADDRESS, 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO.,  BOX  1075,  BAINBRIDGE,  N.  Y. 


AND  UPWARD 

THIS  OFFER  IS  NO  CATCH. 

It  is  a  solid,  fair  and  square 
proposition  to  furnish  a  brand  new, 
well  made  and  well  finished  cream 
separator  complete,  subject  to  a 
long  trial  and  fully  guaranteed, 
for  $15.95.  Different  from  this 
picture  which  illustrates  our  large 
capacity  machines.  Skims  I  quart  of 
milk  a  minute,  hot  or  cold ;  makes 
thick  or  thin  cream  and  does  it 
just  as  well  as  any  higher  priced 
machine.  Any  boy  or  girl  can  run 
it  sitting  down.  The 
crank  is  only  5  inches 
long.  Just  think  of  that ! 

The  bowl  is  a  sanitary 
marvel,  easily  cleaned, 
and  embodies  all  our  latest 
improvements.  Gears  run 
in  anti-friction  bearings 
and  thoroughly  protected. 

Before  you  decide  on  a 
cream  separator  of  any 
capacity  whatever,  obtain 
our  $15.95  proposition 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 


211 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

Hid  Behind  a  Squeal. 

“No  rogue  e'er  felt  the  halter  draw 
With  good  opirnon  of  the  law." 

The  galled  jade  winces.  E.  G.  Lewis 
begins  to  feel  the  lash  of  outraged  de¬ 
cency.  Cringing  from  an  examination 
by  the  Grand  Jury  of  the  Federal  Gov¬ 
ernment  of  his  many  schemes  to  gather 
money  from  country  people,  he  issues  a 
daily  whine  about  new  conspiracies  to 
interfere  with  his  special  privilege  of 
gathering  in  the  money  of  inexperi¬ 
enced  country  people  on  fake  schemes. 
Realizing  that  he  cannot  continue  to  col¬ 
lect  more  money  while  the  record  of  his 
past  ventures  is  being  told,  and  with¬ 
out  showing  definite  assets  for  new  bor¬ 
rowings,  he  has  now  impudently  set  out 
to  scare  The  R.  N.-Y.  and  intimidate 
the  National  Government.  He  scarcely 
realizes  his  job.  Here  are  his  instruc¬ 
tions  to  his  readers : 

Then  take  the  marked  copy  of  Tub 
Rural  New-Yorker  sent  you,  pick  out 
several  of  the  principal  advertisers  in  it, 
and  write  these  advertisers  direct  eaeli  a 
little  note  stating  that  as  they  patronize 
a  paper  which  has  for  a  year  been  trying 
to  injure  or  destroy  the  League,  and  pre¬ 
vent  your  securing  a  Chapter  House  in 
your  town,  you  will  make  it  YOUIt  busi¬ 
ness  to  see  that  they  do  not  get  any  busi¬ 
ness  from  you  or  your  friends.  Then 
write  one  more  letter  direct  to  President 
Taft  and  ask  him  if  it  is  in  accordance 
with  “an  orderly  conduct  of  the  Post  Office 
Department”  for  any  of  its  officials  to  con¬ 
spire  with  a  publisher  to  send  out  tens  of 
thousands  of  copies  of  his  paper  to  non¬ 
subscribers  with  marked  articles  vilifying 
your  organization  in  order  to  get  revenge 
or  prevent  an  open,  fair  hearing  of  our 
indemnity  bill? 

If  Mr.  Lewis  thinks  that  kind  of  talk 
will  scare  off  The  R.  N.-Y.,  lie  was 
never  more  mistaken  in  his  life.  We 
want  to  know  what  became  of  the  money 
our  subscribers  sent  him,  and  why  he 
does  not  pay  it  back.  The  more  times 
his  friends  write  President  Taft  the  bet¬ 
ter  we  will  like  it.  It  will  give  us  that 
many  more  opportunities  to  ask  Mr. 
Taft  to  see  if  he  can  find  out  what  be¬ 
came  of  the  $25,000  our  subscribers 
sent  Lewis.  We  would  like  help  to  get 
it.  Since  Mr.  Lewis  learned  that  the 
Federal  Grand  Jury  is  again  investigat¬ 
ing  his  schemes  he  has*  renewed  his 
bad  opinion  of  Federal  law.  Why 
should  a  man  who  borrowed  money 
from  country  people  continuously  for 
10  years,  and  who  admits  his  inability 
to  pay  it  back,  be  annoyed  by  a  Grand 
Jury  when  he  wants  to  borrow  more? 
Is  it  anybody’s  business  what  he  does 
with  money  borrowed  from  working 
girls  and  washerwomen?  Flow  could 
Mr.  Lewis  be  expected  to  think  well  of 
a  law  or  of  Federal  officers  who  ap¬ 
plied  law  to  interfere  with  his  precious 
privileges? 

Mr.  Lewis  also  wants  his  readers  to 
ask  the  Postmaster  General  to  inquire 
;nto  the  “claims”  we  have  for  collection, 
and  what  became  of  the  money.  We  in¬ 
vite  that  inquiry  too.  We  have  nearly 
70  claims  against  Mr.  Lewis.  We 
would  like  the  Postmaster  General  to 
inspect  them.  As  to  the  collections, 
there  is  only  one  that  we  are  bound 
not  tc  publish.  If  Mr.  Lewis  will  re¬ 
lease  the  bond  of  secrecy  we  will  print 
it 

Mr.  Lewis  sued  The  R.  N.-Y.  for  an 
alleged  libel  by  serving  the  papers  .on 
an  advertising  agent  in  St.  Louis.  The 
State  court  says  the  service  holds,  so 
The  R.  N.-Y.  must  answer  and  defend 
in  his  State.  Mr.  Eewis  has  given 
ample  space  to  this  news,  but  he  has 
not  trusted  his  readers  with  the  infor¬ 
mation  that  the  Federal  Grand  Jury  has 
been  investigating  his  schemes ;  nor 
that  a  suit  of  $250,000  had  been  filed 
against  him  for  slander;  nor  that  he  was 
sued  for  $94,000  for  services  of  an 
architect;  nor  that  a  suit  from  New 
York  City  is  on  the  docket  for  $5,000; 
nor  that  numerous  accounts  are  in  the 
hands  of  attorneys  for  collection 
against  him  and  his  numerous  enter¬ 
prises.  He  does  not  take  the  women 
into  his  confidence  on  these  subjects. 
No  blame  to  him.  The  news  would 


hardly  encourage  remittances  to  him  as 
further  loans. 

The  experience  of  Thomas  Beverly 
White,  Stockport,  Ohio,  is  characteris- 
tfc  of  Lewis.  Mr.  White  sent  him  $500 
for  stock  in  the  now  defunct  bank. 
When  the  bank  was  closed  Lewis  per¬ 
suaded  him  to  assign  the  stock  to  him 
in  exchange  for  a  three-year  five  per 
cent  note.  It  was  dated  September  1, 
1905.  Default  was  made  in  interest 
and  principal ;  and  after  numerous  un¬ 
successful  attempts  to  collect  it,  Mr. 
White  sent  the  note  to  us  for  collec¬ 
tion.  We  demanded  payment  from 
Lewis.  Fie  replied,  as  he  did  to  many 
similar  demands,  that  he  would  pay  the 
note  if  Mr.  White  was  in  distress.  He 
had  written  the  same  thing  about  other 
claims,  but  when  we  showed  that  his 
creditors  were  in  distress,,  he  did  not 
pay  even  small  claims.  We  therefore 
knew  that  the  reply  was  his  usual  way 
of  putting  off  payments.  Besides,  Mr. 
White  was  not  in  distress.  We  did  not 
think  he  was,  and  refused  to  say  so. 
We  told  Air.  Lewis  that  Air.  White  was 
entitled  to  his  money  whether  in  dis¬ 
tress  or  not.  It  was  a  new  excuse  to 
us  for  refusal  to  pay  a  note  past  due. 
Lewis  refused  to  pay  the  note,  and  we 
published  a  picture  of  it  on  Alay  14 
last.  Later  Lewis  wrote  Air.  White  ex¬ 
plaining  how  he  had  promised  to  pay 
the  note ;  and  inclosed  a  long  statement 
for  Air.  White  to  sign  and  swear  to, 
promising  if  he  did  so  to  pay  the  note 
in  full.  Of  course  Mr.  White  could  not 
swear  to  the  statement  without  commit¬ 
ting  perjury.  He  very  properly  sent 
the  statement  to  us.  Lewis  probably 
saved  himself  technically  from  a  charge 
of  attempting  to  procure  perjury  by  a 
letter  accompanying  the  prepared  affi¬ 
davit,  but  he  made  payment  of  the  note 
conditional  on  the  delivery  of  an  affi¬ 
davit  to  him.  What  the  effect  of  the 
inducement  might  be  on  a  weaker  man 
than  Mr.  White  is  left  to  conjecture. 
Following  is  Air.  White's  version  of  the 
rest : 

Air.  Dillon  and  1  had  a  conversation  in 
which  I  told  him  I  would  like  to  manage 
to  got  a  payment  on  my  note,  as  it  would 
soon  be  outlawed  if  I  did  not,  and  as  Mr. 
Lewis  had  said  that  if  I  would  acknowl¬ 
edge  that  The  R.  N.-Y.  had  not  notified  me 
that  he  had  offered  to  pay  my  note  if  I 
was  in  distress  he  would  pay  me,  1  asked 
.«r.  Dillon  if  I  could,  and  he  replied: 
“Yes,  do  it.”  Therefore  it  was  with  Mr. 
Dillon’s  consent  that  i  signed  the  follow¬ 
ing  statement :  “This  is  to  certify  that 
The  Rural  New-Yorker  did  not  notify  me 
that  E.  G.  Lewis  had  made  an  offer  to 
pay  my  note  if  I  was  in  distress  until  long 
after.”  The  above  was  witnessed  hut  not 
sworn  to.  I  have  no  copy  hut  take  from 
memory.  I  sent  my  note  to  The  R.  N.-Y. 
for  collection  just  the  same  as  I  would  to 
a  lawyer,  expecting  him  to  use  his  judg¬ 
ment  as  to  the  best  method.  After  my 
note  had  been  printed  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  I 
received  a  letter  from  Mr.  Lewis  asking  me 
if  The  It.  N.-Y.  had  notified  me  that  he 
had  offered  to  pay  my  note  if  I  was  in  dis¬ 
tress.  I  replied  that  i  was  not  aware 
that  he  had  made  an  offer,  and  then  I 
forwarded  his  letter  to  Air.  DiHon  for  him 
to  explain  why  I  had  not  been  notified. 
He  replied  that  he  told  Air.  Lewis  he  would 
accept  no  apologies  or  delays  or  excuses; 
that  he  was  already  familiar  with  that 
form  of  payment,  and  that  he  had  no  con¬ 
fidence  in  them,  leaving  me  to  conclude 

that  he  did  not  consider  it  worth  while  to 
notify  me.  And  as  I  had  had  some  ex¬ 
perience  with  Air.  Lewis’  promises  I  was 
satisfied  he  was  right.  I  went  to  see  Mr. 
Lewis  on  the  afternoon  of  the  27th  of 

January  and  asked  him  if  he  could  not 
pay  my  note,  lie  claimed  that  he  had  no 
funds.  I  then  asked  him  at  least  to  pay 
the  interest.  lie  replied  :  “I  cannot  do  it, 
there  are  thousands  of  people  asking  for 
money,”  but  turned  to  the  desk  and  wrote 
out  a  statement,  and  said,  “If  vou  will 
sign  this  statement  I  will  pay  you  $25  in¬ 
terest  on  your  note.”  Seeing  'i  could  do 

no  better,  and  wishing  to  get  a  credit  on 

the  note,  I  signed  it.  T.  r.  white. 

Stockport,  O. 

If  Air.  White  cannot  show  that  he  is 
in  distress,  other  of  the  Lewis  creditors 
can.  We  have  now  about  70  claims 
against  him.  Some  of  these  creditors 
are  in  real  poverty  and  want.  We  do 
not  think  they  would  swear  to  any 
statements  that  would  suit  Air.  Lewis; 
but  he  got  their  hard-earned  savings 
years  ago  on  his  promises  -to  make  them 
rich  and  independent.  They  would  like 
now  to  get  it  back.  Lewis  says  he 
promised  to  pay  Mr.  White  in  full  with 
interest.  Certainly.  Promises  are*  his 
long  suit.  If  his  promises  had  a  cash 
value  all  his  victims  would  be  rolling 
in  wealth.  But  what  a  disgusting  gall 
the  man  has  to  refer  to  the  White  mat¬ 
ter  at  all!  Since  when  did  it  become  a 
virtue  to  repudiate  an  honest  debt? 


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Hiiiman  Milker  Sales 

PROVE  SUPERIORITY 

"M' UMBER  of  sales  are  increasing  every 
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THE  RURAI>  NEW-YORKER 


February  18, 


HOG  PASTURE  IN  MARYLAND. 

I  read  au  article  on  rape  as  hog  pasture 
In  the  issue  for  December  31.  I  have  10 
pigs  to  carry  over  Winter  and  will  have 
20  more  in  April,  making  30  in  all.  Ac¬ 
cording  to  your  article  one  acre  should 
feed  40.  I  will  willingly  plant  two  acres, 
and  then  corn  them  for  six  weeks  next 
Fall,  if  the  rape  will  carry  them  along 
to  fattening  time.  What  is  the  proper 
time  to  plant  rape,  and  how,  also  how  soon 
can  it  be  used  as  a  pasture?  J.  F.  c. 

Liberty  Grove,  Md. 

Ilow  much  Dwarf  Essex  ratie  should  be 
bowu  on  one  acre,  and  what  would  be  the 
proper  time  to  sow,  for  hog  pasture?  And 
where  could  one  buy  the  seed?  s.  w.  m. 

Smith  burg,  Md. 

You  might  sow  rape  in  the  early 
Spring,  as  soon  as  the  soil  can  be  worked 
in  good  order,  and  can  turn  on  it  prob¬ 
ably  in  June  or  July.  I  doubt  that  the 
one  sowing  will  carry  the  pigs  till  fat¬ 
tening  time,  but  you  can  sow  another 
lot  early  in  August,  and  that  would 
carry  them  along  pretty  well.  It  would 
have  been  better  had  you  sown  Crimson 
clover  last  Summer,  for  this  would  be 
ready  for  the  pigs  in  early  Spring  and 
would  carry  them  till  the  rape  is  ready. 
Then  if  you  sow  some  Whippoorwill  cow 
peas  the  first  of  June  they  will  be  ready 
for  the  pigs  after  the  Spring-sown  rape 
is  eaten.  In  this  way  you  would  have 
a  succession  of  crops  for  the  pigs 
through  the  season  till  corn-feeding  time. 
The  rape  can  be  sown  in  rows  and  culti¬ 
vated  and  about  three  pounds  will  sow 
an  acre  in  this  way,  but  broadcast  1 
would  use  twice  as  much  seed.  The  seed 
can  be  had  from  any  of  the  leading 
seedsmen.  A  crop  of  rape  sown  in  early 
August  will  run  till  pretty  late  in  the 
Fall.  w.  F.  MASSEY. 


way  except  by  breaking  the  egg  in  a 
dish  and  examining  it  with  a  strong 
lens.  F.  T.  FINCH. 


MAGIC  EGG  TESTER. 

tviiat  about  the  “Magic  egg  tester," 
'which  the  makers  claim  will  prove  whether 
an  egg  is  fertile  or  not?  This  is  done  by 
fastening  the  egg  to  a  float  which  has  a 
•graduated  neck  with  degrees  from  one  to 
■•10,  and  above  all  the  figures  near  the  top 
■two  degrees  marked  X  and  the  nearest  one 
to  tlie  top  is  XX.  The  claim  of  the  mak¬ 
ers  is  that  only  the  eggs  that  are  heavy 
enough  to  bring  the  float  down  when  put  in 
a  pail  of  water  to  the  marks  X  and  XX 
are  fit  to  hatch,  and  all  the  smaller  and 
lighter  ones  are  infertile.  This  is  contrary 
to  my  experience,  for  1  have  always  found 
that  there  are  more  infertile  eggs  among 
the  larger  than  the  smaller  eggs,  and  I 
should  like  to  have  your  opinion  on  the 
subject.  F-  D-  J- 

New  Jersey. 

Fortunately  I  have  had  some  experi¬ 
ence  with  the  Magic  egg  tester,  having 
tested  considerably  more  than  10,000 
eggs  for  hatching  with  two  testers.  This 
work  was  done  at  a  time  when  the  cir¬ 
cumstances  were  such  that  any  increase 
in  the  per  cent  of  hatches  would  have 
added  a  feather  to  my  cap.  Therefore 
it  will  readily  be  seen  that  I  was  very 
careful  in  following  the  directions  sent 
out  with  the  tester.  Before  using  the 
tester  1  had  always  made  a  practice  of 
incubating  only  those  eggs  which  came 
very  near  to  my  idea  of  a  perfect  egg 
in  size,  shape  and  condition  of  shell. 
By  using  the  Magic  egg  tester  I  found 
that  the  eggs  which  held  the  tester  with 
X  or  XX  on  the.  water  line  were  in¬ 
variably  the  ones  I  would  have  consid¬ 
ered  about  the  right  size  for  hatching 
purposes.  As  the  tester  only  selected 
the  large  eggs,  irrespective  of  shape,  I 
found  it  necessary  to  cull  out  from  the 
tested  eggs  those  which  I  considered 
undesirable.  There  being  so  much  ex¬ 
tra  labor  necessary,  I  did  not  consider 
it  worth  while  to  use  the  tester.  Fur¬ 
thermore  it  has  been  my  experience 
that  small  eggs  are  usually  as  fertile  as 
large  eggs.  And  why  not?  Do  not 
Hamburg  eggs  hatch  as  well  as  Brahma 
eggs?  And  yet  they  are  much  smaller. 
Of  course  we  generally  consider  pullet 
eggs  of  any  breed  as  inferior  in  com¬ 
parison  with  eggs  laid  by  mature  hens, 
and  yet  they  are  often  more  fertile.  I 
have  never  been  able  to  select  the  in¬ 
fertile  eggs  from  the  fertile  ones, 
whether  large  or  small,  by  the  use  of 
the  Magic  egg  tester  or  in  any  other 


EXERCISE  OR  CONFINEMENT  FOR  COWS,  j 

I  have  read  the  question  about  exer-  , 
cise  for  cows  printed  on  page  140.  Since  1 
these  cattle  enjoy  their  liberty,  are  thriv¬ 
ing,  and  their  milk  yield  is  satisfactory, 
there  would  seem  to  be  little  to  criticize 
in  the  method  here  described,  under  the 
precise  conditions  named.  That  the  cat¬ 
tle  are  hardy  I  do  not  doubt.  I  have  | 
visited  many  hundred  stables,  but  do  not 
recall  seeing  one  where  cattle  could  be 
made  so  comfortable  in  the  adjacent 
yard  as  in  the  one  here  described.  In 
most  places  that  I  have  seen,  cattle 
could  not  be  comfortable  in  the  yard  on 
a  cold,  raw  day  in  Winter.  There  is 
one  thing  that  is  a  little  indefinite  here, 
that  I  should  be  glad  to  know,  and  that 
is  whether  O.  IT.  has  the  same  ideas 
regarding  a  satisfactory  milk  yield  that 
some  other  people  might  have.  I  do 
not  wish  to  cast  reflections  upon  the 
method  here  described,  hut  really  I  am 
inclined  to  think  that  a  larger  milk 
yield  might  be  obtained'  by  less  time 
spent  out  of  doors.  The  fact,  however, 
that  this  yard  is  warm,  clean  and  shel¬ 
tered,  and  that  the  cattle  are  out  only  in 
fair  weather  is  much  in  their  favor.  If 
I  had  just  the  conditions  that  this  man 
has  1  might  do  as  he  does,  although  I 
think  that  is  doubtful.  These  cows  will 
probably  resist  disease  well,  hut  it  should 
be  remembered  the  other  man’s  cows, 
which  are  out  in  a  bleak  yard  for  some 
hours  a  day,  are  not  thus  favored. 

Our  own  practice  is  to  let  the  cows 
out  twice  a  day  to  drink,  as  we  have  no 
way  at  present  to  water  them  in  the 
stable.  There  are  very  few  days  when 
the  cows  are  out  longer  than  is  neces¬ 
sary  for  them  to  drink,  and  we  iet  oniy 
a  dozen  out  at  a  time.  On  very  stormy 
days  we  may  not  turn  out  more  than 
four  or  five  at  a  time.  On  particularly 
fair  days  they  are  commonly  out  until 
they  want  to  return,  which  is  not  very 
long  during  the  real  Winter  weather. 
Our  yard  is  somewhat  sheltered  by  a 
piece  of  woods,  hut  1  am  sure  it  is  not 
so  warm  as  the  one  described  by  O. 
H.  Our  stable  is  well  ventilated,  and 
we  do  not  let  the  temperature  rise  much 
above  40  or  45  degrees  if  we  can  avoid 
it,  which,  of  course,  we  sometimes  can¬ 
not  do.  Some  dairymen  whom  I  know 
prefer  a  warmer  stable,  and  less  fresh 
air  than  we  have,  and  affirm  that  they 
can  get  more  milk  by  the  warmer 
stable.  One  of  these  herds  which  1  have 
known,  was  a  high  producer,  but  later 
the  cows  became  diseased,  and  many 
people  regard  the  close  confinement  as 
a  prominent  cause  of  the  trouble.  It 
would  seem  to  me  that  there  is  a  proper 
medium  in  this  matter,  and  doubtless 
that  may  he  somewhat  different  for 
different  people.  O.  H.  may  have  it  for 
his  conditions,  but  for  mine  it  will  be 
necessary  to  house  the  cattle  more. 

H.  H.  LYON. 

Use  a  HERCULES 

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H  Hitch  on  to  any  stump 
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It’s  tlie  size  of  your  CROPS  that  decides  the  finest  ion. 


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THE  Farm  Journal  says  that 
farmers  can  be  rich  men, 

*  they  will  only  learn  the  secret  of 
big  crops.  For  quality  and  price,  re¬ 
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But  hard  work  alone  won’t  raise  big  crops.  You  must  know  how. 
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scribers,— more  than  any  other  farm  paper.  It  is  brief,  crisp,  condensed 
and  practical.  No  long-winded  essays.  “Cream,  not  skim-milk, ’*  is 
its  motto.  Every  month  it  tells  in  a  few  words  what  to  do  NOW,  and  the 
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devoted  to  housekeeping,  dressmaking,  recipes,  and  bright,  clean  reading  for  boys  and  girls. 
It  is  a  special  favorite  with  women.  It  never  prints  a  medical  or  trashy  advertisement,  and  its 
columns  are  an  absolutely  reliable  guide  in  buying.  Most  of  its  subscribers  pay  five  to  ten 
years  ahead.  Every  one  who  has  a  farm,  a  garden,  a  back  yard,  or  even  a  kitchen,  ought  to 
have  this  bright,  cheery,  useful  home  paper. 

With  any  $1  order,  if  mailed  in  TEN  DAYS  of  date  of  this 

paper,  we  will  send  you  also  POOH  RICHARD  REVIVED,  an  almanac  for  1011, 
full  of  wit  and  wisdom  for  tlie  rural  home.  Address  your  letter  just  like  this: — 

FARM  JOURNAL,  130  Clifton  St.,  Philadelphia. 


VETERINARY  INSTRUMENTS 

(Trocars,  Hopples,  Impregnators),  for 
Horses,  Cattle,  Swine,  Poultry,  Etc. 
Received  only  award  World’s  Fairs 
Chicago,  St.  Louis.  Write  for  Illus¬ 
trated  Catalogue. 

HAOSSMANN  &  DUNN  CO., 

392  So.  Clark  Street,  Chicago.  Illinois. 


rcow 

|  STANCHIONS] 

AND 

t  STALLS J 


XT  ICKL 

Highest  Grade  Sanitary 

Not  a  particle  of  wood  about  them. 
Quick  to  open  — Quick  to  close  — 
Quick  to  please — Quick  shipments. 
Ask  for  1910  Catalogue. 

BOWEN  &  QUICK,  Mirs.  Auburn,  N.Y. 


Galloway 

MANURE  SPREADER 


Tlie  real  tiling.  A  successful  50  bushel  Spreader  with 
more  than  four  years  of  success  behind  it.  only  $39.50. 
This  is  only  one  of  the  great  Galloway  line.  More 
than  40,000  farmers  of  America  have  stamped  their 
O.  Iv.  on  it.  They  say,  “It’s  the  Best.”  This  is  the  latest 
from  the  Great  Galloway  factory.  It’s  part  of  my  1911 
capacity  of  40,000  manure  spreaders.  It  is  you  that  gets 
the  benefit  of  this  tremendous  output,  and  you  save  40  to  60 
per  cent  on  your  purchase  because  I  divide  the  melon  with 
you.  Every  page  of  my  big  free  book  fairly  bristles  with  Proof 


Mi 


0nb?39B 


50 

F.O.B.  WATERLOO 


GET  THIS 

Tree 


4 


RTi*  let  me  quote  you  prices  on  a  Galloway  Spreader 

MW to  suit  the  size  of  your  farm.  I’ve  got  the  one  for  you.  Ill 
trust  you  to  try  it.  I’ll  put  it  all  up  to  you,  and  if  you  say  it’s  not  what  you 
want.  I’ll  take  it  back  and  you  don’t  lose  one  dollar  by  the  deal.  See  it 
work,  then  vou  know  what  it  is.  Here’s  what  you  will  find  out : 

It’s  the  simplest  and  handiest— two  horses  can  handle 
it— spreads  any  kind  of  stuff— no  breakage  hills— long 
life  —  satisfaction  ail  the  way— it’s  a  money-maker 
every  day  — it  pays  you  bid  profit  on  every  crop 

you  use  it.  Now  prove  this  out.  Find  out  that  you  can 
make  this  saving.  I  know  something  about  the  spreader  bus¬ 
iness  you  ought  to  know;  let  me  tell  you.  Write  me  and 
»  don’t  put  it  off  till  tomorrow.  — WM.  GALLOWAY 

TVM.  GALLOWAY  C0._  669  Galloway  Sta.j  Waterloo,  Iowa 

Let  Me  Tell  You  How  I  Divide  the  Melon  with  You 


1911. 


5THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


21a 


MXLIL. 

Milk  this  year  has  sold  at  our  creamery 
for  from  10  to  15  cents  per  gallon.  What 
little  milk  is  retailed  here  sells  for  five  cents 
a  quart.  Live  chickens  for  the  year  have 
brought  from  nine  to  13  cents  per  pound. 

Itootstown,  O.  j.  w.  r. 

There  is  very  little  dairying  in  this 
neighborhood.  Last  Fall  there  was  a  route 
started  ;  it  is  just  cream  to  West  Jefferson 
creamery  of  Columbus.  The  retailers  get 
10  cents  per  quart  for  milk  and  25  cents 
for  cream.  Most  people  make  a  little  but¬ 
ter  and  retail  it.  It  is  mostly  cattle  rais¬ 
ing  in  this  locality,  not  much  dairying. 

Pomeroy,  O.  d.  r.  w. 


Milk  in  Bowling  Green,  Ivy.,  sells  at  20  to 
25  cents  wholesale  and  delivered  in  pint  and 
quart  bottles  at  25  to  32  cents  per  gallon. 
Nice  butter  at  25  to  30  cents  per  pound. 
Prices  on  grain  and  feed  are :  Corn,  55 
cents ;  oats,  45  cents ;  bran.  $24  per  ton ; 
oil  meal,  .$40  per  ton  :  cotton-seed  meal,  $30 
per  ton  ;  pea  hay,  $16  per  ton  ;  clover  hay, 
$16  per  ton.  We  have  a  strictly  up-to-date 
town  of  10,000  inhabitants,  but  are  without 
a  creamery,  which  is  badly  required  here. 
An  abundance  of  milk  could  be  had  through 
the  Summer  season  at  12  cents  per  gallon, 
and  something  like  16  cents  during  the  win¬ 
ter.  a.  M.  R. 

Bowling  Green,  Ivy. 

The  bulk  of  the  milk  produced  here  is 
shipped  to  Cleveland  by  electric  cars,  at  the 
producers’  expense.  The  cost  of  transpor¬ 
tation  is  25  cents  per  10-gallon  can.  I  think 
that  the  Belle  Vernon  Mapes  Co.  of  Cleve¬ 
land  controls  about  90  per  cent  of  the  milk 
shipped  to  Cleveland,  O.,  and  they  name 
prices.  At  present  I  understand  that  they 
pay  18  cents  per  gallon  for  the  milk  and 
they  retail  it  in  the  city  at  nine  cents  per 
quart.  At  the  mill  cornmeal  is  $1.20  per 
100  pounds,  bran  $1.25  per  100,  cornmeal 
and  oats  $1.50  per  100.  Ilay  $15  per  ton  ; 
straw,  rye,  $7 ;  oats,  $6.  The  poultry 
business  is  good  and  the  produce  from  it 
is  sold  on  the  Cleveland  market.  Eggs  now 
are  retailing  at  25  cents  per  dozen. 

Mentor,  Ohio.  E.  f.  m. 

I  keep  a  dairy  of  15  cows  part  fresh  in 
Spring  and  part  in  Fall.  In  the  Summer 
our  milk  is  made  into  cheese  on  the  pool 
system  using  the  test  to  prevent  skimming 
and  watering.  We  get  %  cents  per  pound 
less  than  New  York  quotation  for  cheese. 
It  nets  us  after  making  and  hauling  is 
taken  out  $1.14%  per  hundred.  We  give 
one-seventh  for  making  and  six  cents  per 
hundred  for  hauling;  this  is  for  Summer. 
This  Winter  is  the  first  time  we  have  had 
an  outlet  for  our  milk ;  have  had  to  make 
it  up  at  home.  This  Winter  our  milk  is 
hauled  to  the  factory  at  Penline,  Pa. ;  it 
is  skimmed,  the  cream  is  shipped  to  Pitts¬ 
burgh,  Pa.  The  milk  is  made  into  cottage 
cheese  and  shipped.  We  get  $1.95  net  per 
hundred ;  not  very  much  but  the  best  we 
have  ever  had.  c.  w.  d. 

Pierpont,  O. 


BUTTER  MAKING— GRAIN  FOR  HOGS— 
FENCE  POSTS. 

1.  After  being  a  successful  butter-maker 
for  over  50  years  I  have  to  ask  for  help. 
My  cream  this  Winter  will  not  make  butter. 
A  fine  can  of  cream,  three  gallons,  had 
to  be  wasted.  My  cow  is  an  Alderney,  well 
f.'d  ard  stabled  ;  she  will  not  be  fresh  until 
the  last  of  March.  What  shall  I  do? 

2.  Will  wheat  or  oats  harm  young  pigs  or 
hogs  when  the  grains  are  forming?  3. 
Which  will  last  the  longer,  the  small  or 
large  end  of  a  post  when  imbedded  in  the 
ground?  L.  c.  c. 

Maryland. 

1.  This  subject  is  discussed  in  detail, 
in  reply  to  another  correspondent,  in  a 
recent  issue  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  In  your  case, 
pasteurizing  the  cream  and  adding  a  starter 
may  prove  effective.  Good  clean  butter¬ 
milk  from  a  dairy  where  the  butter  comes 
readily  may  be  used  for  a  starter,  using 
one-half  pint  for  a  gallon  of  cream.  Twelve 
hours  before  churning  heat  the  cream  to  a 
temperature  of  160  degrees,  holding  it  there 
for  20  minutes.  Then  cool  down  to  churn¬ 
ing  temperature,  or  a  little  above,  and  add 
the  starter,  stirring  thoroughly  at  first,  and 
occasionally  during  the  ripening  process. 

2.  I  do  not  think  that  immature  grains 
would  prove  injurious  to  pigs,  especially  if 
they  were  grazed  off,  but  undoubtedly  the 
mature  grains  would  be  of  much  more 
value  for  feeding. 

3.  Nothing  is  gained  by  putting  the 
small  or  top  end  (as  grown)  of  a  fence 
post  in  the  ground.  The  large  end  as  a 
rule  will  last  longer,  and  the  fence  will 
have  a  more  finished  and  better  appearance. 

c.  s.  M. 

In  regard  to  getting  all  of  the  consumer’s 
dollar,  I  am  satisfied  witli  the  share  I  get, 
as  I  wholesale  my  produce  direct  to  the 
marketman  or  grocer,  because  I  do  not  care 
for  the  retail  end  Of  the  business.  But 
what  tlie  farmers  need  to-day  is  a  revival 
where  they  can  get  together,  shout  and  hol- 
ler  and  then  work  together  and  get  some- 
thmg  done.  I  see  by  the  papers  the  New 
i  ork  Fruit  Growers’  Association  is  on  the 
right  track  to  accomplish  something. 

Aeushnet,  Mass.  h.  a.  j. 


Congestion  of  Udder. 

I  have  a  heifer  22  months  old  when  she 
came  in,  dropped  a  healthy  calf  which  is 
now  three  weeks  old.  About  the  third  day 
her  udder  became  a  little  hard,  and  I 
bathed  it  with  lukewarm  water  and  rubbed 
it  in  with  hot  lard.  The  udder  is  now  in 
good  shape,  but  she  has  two  complete  V- 
shaped  veins  across  the  front,  which  are 
very  sore.  I  am  now  using  tar  soap  in  the 
bath  as  a  salve.  One  side  is  beginning  to 
heal  quite  nicely  and  the  scabs  are  com¬ 
ing  off  fairly  well.  I  had  a  veterinary  to 
look  at  her  and  he  pronounced  it  a  cold. 
She  gives  a  good  mess  of  milk  from  all  quar¬ 
ters  and  the  calf  is  growing  big  and  fat. 
What  do  you  think  of  her?  a.  s. 

New  York. 

Theor  has  been  acute  congestion  of  the 
udder  with  consequent  oedema  (dropsy) 
of  the  adjacent  parts,  including  the  milk 
veins  which  ought  to  take  the  blood  freely 
from  the  udder  and  so  relieve  congestion 
Just  after  calving.  The  treatment  seems 
to  have  “worked”  pretty  well,  but  as  you 
say  sores  are  present,  some  healing  salve 
is  needed  and  not  the  soap  and  washing 
which  tends  to  aggravate  matters.  Wash 
the  parts  once  and  when  dry  apply  balsam 
Peru  to  the  sores  and  repeat  the  application 

twice  daily  w’ithout  another  washing. 

A  S.  A. 

Ailing  Cow. 

Will  you  tell  me  what  to  do  for  a  three- 
year-old  cow  that  has  loosened  teeth  and 
consequently  cannot  eat  much?  She  is  now 
nearly  dry,  giving  only  about  one  quart  or 
so  at  a  milking. "  She  dropped  her  second 
calf  in  May  and  seemed  all  right  until 
about  six  weeks  ago  she  began  to  have  diffi¬ 
culty  in  chewing  her  food  and  lessening 
her  milk  flow.  Upon  examination  it  was 
found  that  all  or  nearly  all  her  teeth  are 
loosened  more  or  less.  What  can  be  done 
for  her?  She  seems  well  otherwise.  Last 
year  she  milked  till  nearly  Spring. 

Michigan.  w.  h. 

If  you  will  examine  another  perfectly 
well  cow  you  will  find  that  her  teeth  also 
are  loose.  So  are  the  incisor  teeth  of  every 
cow.  Were  they  not  loose,  shovel  shaped 
and  set  sloping  forward  in  the  gums  they 
would  cut  the  hard  palate  badly  when  food 
was  grasped  by  lips  and  teeth.  As  a  cow 
has  no  incisor  teeth  in  her  upper  jaw  she 
has  a  hard  cartilaginous  pad  in  their  place 
against  which  the  flat  surface  of  the  loose 
incisor  teeth  press  when  food  is  grasped 
and  pulled  from  the  ground.  The  incisor 
teeth  in  a  horse  are  rigid  and  pointed 
upward  to  meet  the  upper  incisors  which 
they  contact  directly.  If  you  mean  that  the 
molar  teeth  are  loose  that  is  a  different 
story;  but  we  have  never  seen  a  cow  with 
loose  molars.  They  may  be  split,  or  sharp, 
or  diseased,  hut  we  can  scarcely  credit  that 
all  of  them  are  loose.  Better  look  for  some 
other  cause  of  failure  to  chew  and  thrive 
well.  She  may  have  indigestion  ;  or  may  be 
that  she  has  tuberculosis.  We  certainly 
would  have  her  tested  with  tuberculin  to 
make  sure.  If  she  has  not  tuberculosis  give 
her  a  full  dose  of  physic,  such  as  one  pound 
of  epsom  salts  and  half  a  cupful  each  of 
common  salt  and  black  strap  molasses  with 
half  an  ounce  of  ground  ginger  root  in 
three  pints  of  warm  water  at  one  dose 
slowly  and  carefully  from  a  long  necked 
bottle.  a.  s.  a. 


Shredding  Corn  Fodder. — On  page  112, 
G.  S.  B.  asks  for  Information  on  feeding  corn 
fodder.  In  1892  I  bought  a  four-roll  husk¬ 
ing  machine  and  did  well  for  five  or  six  sea¬ 
sons,  when  weak  parts  soon  showed  up,  feed 
and  husking  rolls,  corn  and  fodder  carriers 
giving  out  before  cutting  100  acres,  also 
tearing  my  son’s  right  hand  off.  Since,  I 
husk  by  hand,  but  put  the  stalks  through 
the  old  machine,  but  never  wear  a  glove 
feeding  it.  I  cut  about  three  inches  long 
and  handle  with  a  barley  fork.  I  must  have 
what  the  cows  don’t  eat  for  bedding  and 
manure.  Shredding  or  cutting  fodder  is 
making  hay,  but  will  not  work  in  a  dry 
time  and  wind  blowing,  so  I  always  wait 
for  a  cloudy  day  and  then  do  not  cut  more 
than  what  will  be  used  up  in  a  week  or  so. 
It  is  lots  of  work,  but  results  are  right. 

Marshall  Co.,  Ill.  frko  seibold. 

The  New  Hampshire  Sheep  Breeders’  As¬ 
sociation  held  its  third  annual  meeting  in 
Keene  January  27,  with  afternoon  and  even¬ 
ing  sessions.  Good,  practical  addresses 
were  given  by  F.  H.  Stadtmueller,  of  Con¬ 
necticut,  on  the  “Revival  of  the  Sheep  In¬ 
dustry  in  New  England”;  by  Prof.  T.  R. 
Arkell,  of  the  Durham,  N.  H.,  College,  on 
“Hothouse  Lambs”  and  on  “Sheep  Manage¬ 
ment,”  and  by  President  E.  E.  Gifford,  of 
the  Maine  Sheep  Breeders’  Association,  on 
“Sheep  Husbandry.”  A  number  of  new 
members  joined  the  association  from 
Cheshire  County,  and  these  officers  were 
elected :  President,  J.  D.  Roberts,  Rollins- 
ford ;  vice  president,  S.  C.  Ellis,  Keene; 
secretary,  Robert  Doe,  Rollinsford ;  treas¬ 
urer,  Elmer  W.  Merrell,  Antrim.  A  board 
of  directors  was  chosen,  comprising  a  mem¬ 
ber  from  nearly  every  county  in  the  State. 

W.  H.  PRENTISS. 


DE  LAVAL 

2=sJ  OTHER 

CREAM  SEPARATORS 

Every  separator  manufacturer  and  dealer  attempting  to 
compete  with  the  DE  LAVAL  today  claims  his  machine  to  he 

‘dike  the  DE  LAVAL,”  “;\s 
good  its  the  DE  LAVAL,” 
or  “about  the  same  as  the 
DE  LAVAL.”  Some  even 
go  so  far  as  to  falsely  assert 
that  it  is  licensed  under  DE 
LAVAL  patents. 

Their  claims  are  true  only 
to  the  extent  that  every  one 
of  them  IS  making  a  machine 
after  some  DE  LAVAL  type 
of  ten  to  twenty '  years  ago, 
on  which  the  DE  LAVAL 
patents  have  expired.  ]>r.t 
these  copied  old  DE  LAVA  L 
types  were  either  never  good 
enough  for  the  De  Laval 
Company  to  actually  manu¬ 
facture  itself  or  have  been 
discarded  by  it  at  least  ten 
years  ago  in  its  constant 
development  and  improvement  of  the  cream  separator. 

Not  a  single  one  of  these  ivould-be  imitating  competing 
machines  is  in  any  way  like  the  improved  DE  LAVAL  separa¬ 
tor  of  TODAY.  None  of  them  is  capable  of  doing  as  good 
work,  or  being  run,  cleaned  and  handled  as  easily.  None  of 
them  is  nearly  as  well  built  or  will  last  half  as  long. 

There  is  not  a  prospective  buyer  of  a  separator  anywhere 
who  cannot  SEE  and  PROVE  the  important  difference  FOR 
HIMSELF  if  he  will  only  go  to  the  trouble  of  looking  up 
the  nearest  DE  LAVAL  agent  or  writing  the  Company  if  he 
can’t  find  one. 

It  is  well  worth  while  for  every  intending  buyer  to  do  this. 
It  means  a  saving  in  quantity  and  quality  of  cream  and  butter, 
time  and  trouble,  twice-a-day,  or  every  time  he  puts  milk 
through  the  separator.  It  means  a  machine  that  will  last 
twenty  years  instead  of  a  few  months,  or  perhaps  as  long  as 
five  years  at  the  outside. 

It’s  the  pleasure  as  well  as  the  business  of  every  1)E  LAVAL 
agent  to  explain  and  demonstrate  the  difference  between  I)E 
•LAVAL  and  other  separators. 


Why  not  take  advantage  of  this  and  at  least  SEE  and  TRY 
a  DE  LAVAL  before  making  so  important  an  investment  as  the 
purchase  of  a  Cream  Separator  ? 


The  De 

165-167  Broadway 
NEW  YORK 


173-177  William  Straet 
MONTREAL 


Laval  Separator  Co. 


42  E.  Madison  Stroot 
CHICAGO 


|4  &  16  Princess  Street 
WINNIPEG 


Drumm  A  Sacramento  Sts' 
SAN  FRANCISCO 

1016  Western  Avonua 
SEATTLE 


Price  $10  and  Up 


(Earn  $10  a  day  and  more,  easily, 
sawing  firewood,  lumber,  lath,  posts, 
etc.,  for  yourself  and  neighbors  with  a 

' 


Hertzler  &  Zook 
Portable  Wood  Saw 

Fully  Guaranteed  for  One  Year 

The  Hertzler  &  Zook  Is  the  cheapest  and  best 
eaw  you  can  buy.  Direct  factory  prices— finest 
tested  materials.  Easier  than 
other  saws  to  operate  because 
the  stick  sits  low  and  the 
saw  draws  it  on  as  soon 
as  you  start  work.  It  Is 
the  only  saw  made,  sell- 
ingat  $10,  to  which  a  ripping 
table  can  be  added.  Write  for 
circular  and  save  money. 
Hertzler  &  Zook  Co.,  Box  3 

iiolloville,  P»s 


HORSE  O  WMERS 


IT  COSTS 
ONECENT 


to  try  the’  CI,  KAN  Curry 
(Comb  and  save  dollarsfj.,.  s 


•  ou  ■  (3  **  —  —  — —  *  - ■  I 

labor  and  ex-E W  ^ 
Automatic] 


The ‘CLEAN: 


action,  durable]  effc, 
tlve.  easy  on  the  horse,  [j 


ABOUT 

i  HORSES 


/V  uto,  ca.aj-  Ull  UlO  UUnW,  G  >  — 

'and  always  clean.  SendH^f 
arldrfiKS — stntlncr  nmnlu»r  ft  1  k 


..  'address — stating  number  [J _ 

u  *°»Ii8esowne<l  an^  we’ll  send  Comb  postpaid  - 

berm  thirty— five  centa  after  trial,  or  return  at  our  expense.  Valuable  Ilorso 

Rook  freo.  Clean  Comb  Co.  76  Fifth  St. .  Baci  ue.  Wis. 


Running  Water  on  the  Farm 

in  any  q-iantity, 

without  pumping  expense,  with  an  automatic 


RIFE  RAM 

Cheapest  and  most ;  ffieient 
water  supply  for  country 
place,  irrigation,  farms,  etc. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Booklet,  plans,  estimates  free. 

Rife  Engine  Co.  2429  Trinity  Bldg.,  N.Y. 


214 


February  18, 


GOOD  WORDS  FOR  THE  SHORT-HORN. 

I  notice  in  your  issue  of  December 
17  last  an  article  by  Mr.  Herring  un¬ 
der  the  heading,  “Dairy  and  Beef  Com¬ 
bination  Impossible.”  I  have  no  doubt 
that  he  is  honest  in  his  opinions,  but  he 
is  laboring  under  very  mistaken  ideas. 
While  I  don’t  contend  that  it  is  possible 
to  establish  a  breed  of  cattle  or  a  strain 
of  Short-horns  that  will  equal  the  but¬ 
ter  record  of  the  Jersey  cow  Jacoba  Irene, 
and  after  their  usefulness  in  the  dairy  is 
past,  feed  up  to  the  standard  of  an  In¬ 
ternational  champion,  I  do  contend  that 
it  is  possible  so  to  breed  our  Short¬ 
horns  as  to  produce  a  cow  that  will  pay 
a  satisfactory  profit  in  the  dairy,  and 
her  produce,  if  fed  for  beef,  will  pay  a 
handsome  profit  in  the  feed  lot.  There 
is  a  great  number  of  purebred  and  grade 
Short-born  cows  that  I  know  have  made 
from  7,000  pounds  to  10,000  pounds  of 
milk  in  a  season,  and  the  steers  bred 
from  them  would  weigh  from  1,000  to 
1,300  pounds  at  two  years  without  heavy 
feed  and  I  have  sold  quite  a  number  of 
them  at  five  and  six  cents  per  pound 
and  thought  they  paid  well,  both  as 
beef  and  milk  producers.  Mr.  Herring 
says  it  is  impossible  to  combine  the  two 
qualities  in  one  animal.  I  have  in  mind 
one  bull  that  we  used;  he  was  from 
a  noted  herd  of  milking  Short-horns, 
and  his  daughters  were  universally  heavy 
milkers.  The  steers  from  him  were 
good  feeders,  and  when  fed  for  beef  he 
himself  was  sold  in  the  New  York 
market  for  the  highest  price  of  any  bull 
that  was  sold  there  that  season,  and 
was  taken  for  export  trade.  Nancy 
Lee,  that  produced  three  daughters  with 
records  of  over  9,000  pounds  of  milk 
and  one  daughter  and  one  granddaughter 
with  over  10,000  pounds  of  milk,  made 
1,560  pounds  of  beef  when  fattened,  and 
there  are  many  more  that  have  done  as 
well  or  better.  He  says,  “In  the  only 
extensive  breed  tests  in  which  they  were 
competitors,  viz.,  the  Columbian  Expo¬ 
sition,  they  failed  to  make  good,”  and 
right  there  is  where  he  falls  down.  The 
Short-horn  breeders  entered  their  cattle 
in  that  test  with  no  idea  that  they  could 
defeat  the  cattle  that  had  been  bred  for 
over  a  century  for  dairy  purposes  only, 
but  with  the  purpose  in  view  of  showing 
the  public  that  the  Short-horn  cow  when 
properly  bred  and  fed,  was  a  dairy  cow 
of  no  mean  capacity,  and  they  certainly 
made  good  along  those  lines.  I  contend 
that  taking  everything  into  consideration 
they  made  the  best  showing  of  the  three 
breeds  contending. 

He  says  they  have  failed  to  breed  on. 
In  the  30-day  butter  test  at  the  Colum¬ 
bian  Exposition,  Kitty  Clay  4th,  stood 
above  all  the  Guernseys,  and  was  beaten 
by  only  two  of  the  Jerseys,  and  she  has 
bred  on  and  on  and  on.  Her  daughters 
granddaughters  and  great  granddaught¬ 
ers  are  doing  as  well  as  or  better  than 
she  did,  and  her  sons  and  grandsons  are 
doing  a  great  work  in  producing  their 
kind.  Henry  Clay  is  the  sire  or  grand- 
sire  of  26  cows  and  heifers  with  average 
yearly  records  of  over  9,000  pounds  of 
milk,  and  Gen.  Clay  has  a  lot  coming 
on  that  promises  to  do  even  better  than 
these,  and  there  are  others.  The  Glen- 
side  Herd  reported  44  cows  with  milk 
records  of  8,000  pounds  or  over  for  the 
appendix  of  a  recent  volume  of  the 
Short-horn  Herd  Book,  and  this  is  but 
one  of  the  many  herds  of  milking  Short¬ 
horns  that  have  recently  been  estab¬ 
lished.  They  are  just  beginning  to  at¬ 
tract  attention  and  if  it  is  possible  to 
breed  and  feed  one  of  them  to  a  record 
of  over  18,000  pounds  of  milk  and 
nearly  730  pounds  of  butter  in  a  year  it 
is  highly  probable  that  there  will  be 
more  that  can  do  the  trick.  In  1909  the 
Cornell  University  herd  numbered  37 
cows,  all  ages ;  three  were  Short-horns, 
two  of  them  heifers,  the  remainder  Jer¬ 
seys,  Guernseys  and  Holsteins.  The  av¬ 
erage  per  cow  was  7,463  pounds  of  milk. 
The  Short-horn  cow  Dairy  Maid  gave 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


7,708  pounds  milk,  which  you  can  see  is  j 
better  than  the  average  of  the  herd.  Her 
butter  record  for  the  season  was  320 
pounds.  The  heifers’  records  as  two- 
year-olds  were  for  Lady  Clare  5,502 
pounds  of  milk,  Ida  Buttercup  5,233.  At 
the  Greenfield  (Mass.)  Fair  last  Sep¬ 
tember  the  Shorthorn  cow  Beauty  7th 
won  first  prize  in  a  24-hour  butter  con¬ 
test  conducted  on  the  fair  grounds,  14 
cows  competing,  Jerseys,  Guernseys, 
Holsteins,  Ayrshires,  Normandy  and 
Short-horns  in  the  class  and  her  rec¬ 
ord  was  2.37  butter.  I  believe  the  dual 
purpose  Short-horn  will  show  up  about 
as  well  as  the  dairy  breeds  taken  col¬ 
lectively.  Up  to  October  31,  1910,  the 
American  Jersey  Cattle  Club  had  reg¬ 
istered  246.918  cows.  How  many  of 
these  are  in  the  Advanced  Registry? 
There  has  been  a  wonderful  increase  in 
the  number  of  Holstein  cows  kept  in 
this  State  in  the  past  10  years,  in  both 
purebreds  and  grades,  but  up  to  date  I 
have  failed  to  read  of  any  phenomenal 
increase  in  the  output  of  dairy  products 
in  the  State.  My  observation  is  that  the 
Holstein  breeders  are  leaning  towards 
more  of  a  beef  form  in  their  bulls  than 
they  did  a  few  years  back.  It  is  but 
a  question  of  time  when  the  beef  cattle 
of  this  country  will  be  bred  by  the 
farmers,  and  the  dual  purpose  breeds  will 
surely  come  into  their  own,  because  the 
average  farmer  who  will  undertake  to 
produce  beef  will  want  a  cow  that  will 
be  making  good  in  the  dairy  while  her 
son  is  growing  into  a  profitable  steer. 
It  will  do  no  good  for  the  specialists  to 
keep  “knocking,”  for  the  dual  purpose 
cow  is  here,  and  has  a  rapidly  growing 
crowd  of  admirers.  a.  h.  prince. 

Schuyler  Co.,  N.  Y. 


A  Corn  Harvester  Necessary. 

I  have  been  much  interested  in  the  dis¬ 
cussion  about  harvesters  to  cut  corn.  We 
have  used  them  a  dozen  years  or  more,  aud 
find  them  almost  an  absolute  necessity,  as 
it  is  almost  impossible  to  obtain  hand  labor, 
to  say  nothing  of  its  being  quicker  and 
more  economical  with  the  harvester.  An¬ 
other  thing,  the  corn  being  left  in  bundles 
is  much  easier  handled,  not  only  in  the 
field,  but  also  at  the  silo,  where  three  men 
can  put  more  corn  on  the  cutter-table  than 
five  could  if  it  were  not  bound.  I  think 
your  correspondent  from  Maine  puts  it 
rather  strong  when  he  says  that  “one  team 
will  cut  five  acres  easy  in  a  day.”  We 
think  four  would  he  nearer  to  the  fair 
day's  work,  lie  doesn't  say  how  long  the 
day  is  to  be,  but  we  know  that  the  team 
which  cuts  four  acres  of  corn,  averaging  10 
feet  in  height,  rows  three  feet  apart,  will 
be  a  pretty  tired  pair  of  horses.  We  have 
done  the  trick,  but  it  will  not  average  as 
much  as  that  the  harvesting  season.  We 
also  have  found  that  the  driver  was  willing 
to  rest  by  that  time  if  he  kept  the  machine 
in  shape,  at  least  that  has  been  our  experi¬ 
ence  on  our  own  farm,  and  while  cutting 
for  outsiders.  There  are  five  of  us  who 
own  harvesters  in  a  radius  of  two  miles, 
comprising  several  different  makes.  In  re¬ 
gard  to  there  being  difficulty  in  plowing,  we 
cannot  see  why  there  should  be  any  more 
trouble  in  plowing  after  a  harvester  than 
where  the  corn  is  cut  by  hand,  as  we  calcu¬ 
late  to  cut  as  low  as  or  lower  than  a  man 
will  cut  by  hand.  I  would  like  to  add’just 
a  work  about  silos  and  silage.  After  hav¬ 
ing  used  them  for  almost  thirty  years,  I 
fully  believe  that  it  would  be  impossible  for 
me  to  make  milk  at  a  profit  without  silage ; 
certainly  I  should  hate  to  try  it.  At  the 
best  with  the  present  prices  of  grain  and 
hay,  together  with  the  price  of  labor,  the 
margin  is  small  enough,  if  perchance  the 
margin  is  not  on  the  wrong  side  of  the 
account. 

Milk  is  now  35  cents  per  8%  quart  can 
at  farmer's  door.  w.  h.  p. 

New  Hampshire. 


About  Thi*  Cow 

Prof.  Edits.  XJ.  of  M.,  writes:  The 

first  six  months  "Missouri  Chief  Josephine ” 
produced  1 7. 008  lbs.  of  milk —  the  largest  pro¬ 
duction  on  record.  The  Dried  Beet  Pulp 
serves  to  loosen  up  the  ration  in  such  a  way 
that  it  is  easily  digested — makes  it  impossible 
for  the  feed  to  become  a  solid  mass." 


Are  You  Getting  All  That 
Your  Cows  Can  Give? 


IF  YOU  are  not  feeding  Dried 
Beet  Pulp,  you  are  letting  good 
profits  slip  by  you.  Seven  days  on 
Dried  Beet  Pulp  shows  a  very  marked 
increase  in  milk  supply.  Three  weeks 
shows  an  actual  definite  increase  of 
10%.  This  is  a  very  natural  result 
because  Dried  Beet  Pulp  loosens  up 
the  ration  so  that  it  is  digested  very 
easily,  no  food  is  wasted  and  the  milk 
production  is  thus  increased. 

Most  of  the  famous  cows  that  have 


made  great  records,  like  “Dolly 
Dimple”  and  “Missouri  Chief  Jo¬ 
sephine,”  have  been  fed  on  Dried 
Beet  Pulp. 

Dried  Beet  Pulp  is  simply  our 
native  sugar  beet,  with  only  the  sugar 
and  water  extracted.  It  is  just  as  suc¬ 
culent  and  palatable  as  June  pasture. 

Comparative  tests  have  proven 
Dried  Beet  Pulp  to  be  superior  to 
corn  silage,  but  the  two  make  a 
splendid  combination. 


Are  You  Willing  To  Accept  More  Profits? 


If  you  are,  go  to  your  dealer,  show  him 
this  advertisement,  tell  him  you  want  to  try 
a  sack  of  Dried  Beet  Pulp  at  our  risk.  Insist. 

Feed  one  sack,  mixing  the  Dried  Beet 
Pulp  with  a  properly  balanced  grain  ration. 
If  the  cow  selected  does  not  give  more  milk, 
we  authorize  the  dealer  to  return  to  you  in 
full  your  purchase  money,  and  we  will  in 
turn  refund  to  him  Yo.u  will  deal  with  the 
man  you  know  and  you  alone  will  decide. 


To  Dealers  Everywhere  East  of  the  Mississippi 
River  Except  in  States  of  Wisconsin 
and  Michigan: 

You  arc  authorized  to  sell  to  any  dairyman  who  w!,I 
agree  to  give  the  feed  a  fair  honest  trial,  one  sack  of  our 
Dried  Beet  Pulp  and  to  guarantee  to  refund  the  purchase 
price  if  after  the  dairyman  has  fed  it  to  one  cow  for  three 
weeks  the  cow  has  not  increased  her  milk  production;  we 
will  reimburse  you  for  your  expenditure.  If  you  do  not 
carry  Dried  Beet  Pulp  in  stock,  write  us  quickly  for  our 
proposition.  Please  mention  this  paper. 


The  Larrowe  Milling  Co.,  623  Ford  Bldg.,  Detroit,  Mich. 


The  Ireland  Straight-Line  Drag 
Sawing  Machine 


sawing  rig  fills  a  long  felt 
want  for  sawing  large  timber. 

It  is  simple,  durable  and  the  most  „ 
practical  straight-line  sawing  rig  on  the  market. 
We  also  make  circular  saw  rigs,  saw  and  shingle  mills. 
Get  our  prices  on  canvas  belting,  they  will  surprise  you. 
Send  for  prices  and  full  information.  “  Ask  about  Holsts.’’ 

IRELAND  MACHINE  &  FOUNDRY  COMPANY, 
14  State  Street,  NORWICH,  NEW  YORK. 


SAVES 
T1  /VI F 

WHEELBARROW  II  ^  -4  labor 

SEEDER  i!  .and 

Sows  evenly.  No  need  *  SEED 

to  wait  for  quiet  day. 

Sows  Timothy,  Clover,  Alsike,  Alfalfa,  Millet,  Turnip,  ete. 
Two  sizes:  14  ft.  and  16  1't.  Anger  feed.  Wood  frame.  .Satis¬ 
faction  guaranteed.  Prompt  shipment.  If  your  dealer 
does  not' handle  the  “STAR”  write  us  for  booklet. 

STAR  SEEDER  CO.,  Box  R,  Shortsville,  N.  Y. 


Standard  Among  Drilling  Machines 

The  oldest  established  manufacturers,  the  largest 
lino  of  drilling  machines  and  tools,  and  41  years 
of  successful  operation  in  nearly  every  country 
in  the  World,  mako 

American  Drilling  Machines 

Standard  the  world  over. 

For  every  possible  condition  of  earth 
and  rock  drilling  and  mineral  pros¬ 
pecting  wo  make  a  drill  espe¬ 
cially  designed  for  the  re¬ 
quirement. 

Catalog  No.  105,  the  most 
complete  “drill  hole”  catalog 
ever  Issued,  Free. 

The  American  Well  Works 

General  Office  and  Works, 

Aurora,  Ill. 

Chicago  Office:  First  Na¬ 
tional  Bank  Bldg. 


Is  its  Capacity— Earning  Power. 

SPENCER  HAY  PRESS  Catalogues  make  great 
and  definite  claims  proven  by  the  press  in  action 
or  no  sale.  Nature  of  contract  protects  you.  Covers 
every  claim  by  actual  figures.  More  tons  per  hour 

guaranteed  than  by  any  other  _  Write 

horse  press,  same  size  bale,  vlfe  *njn  Right 
Send  for  new  Catalogue  K  .  / NOW 

J.  A.  SPENCER 

Dwight,  Illinois 


! 


Detroit-American  Spreaders 

Beat  Them  All  Again 


More  Steel  Than  In  Any  Other 
k  Spreader  _ ' _ _ 

Last  year  when  we  came  out  with  19  new  Improvements 
on  Detroit-American  Spreaders,  everybody  thought  we  had 
reached  the  climax  of  value.  But  this  year  we  jump  still 
further  in  the  lead  with  better  spreaders  and  bigger  value 
than  even  zee  have  ever  been  able  to  offer  before.  Detroit- 
Americans  beat  them  all  again.  Look  here!  Endless  apron, 
return  apron,  steel  or  wood  wheels,  50  to  100  bu.  capacity — 
Wood  or  yJL-Jz  also  Wagon  Box  Style— and  each  Detroit-American  an 
Steel  Wheels^”*®’"^  absolutely  gear  less  spreader.  There’s  no  complicated  mech¬ 

anism— no  lost  motion.  So  simple  that  it  is  proof  against 
mistakes  of  boy  or  careless  help.  No  matter  what  style  or 
size  spreader  you  want,  here  it  is  at  a  price  that  you  can’t  resist.  There’s  more  steel  in  the  Detroit-American  than 
in  any  other  spreader.  That’s  another  reason  for  strength  and  light  draft.  Get  our  book  and  you’ll  know  why  no 
other  manufacturer  or  dealer  can  touch  our  proposition  to  you. 

A  Trial  That  IS  Free— No  Money  Down— Freight  Paid— Cash  or 
Credit— Guaranteed  Forever 

trial,  we’ll  pay  the  freight  back.  If  you  decide  to  keep  It,  send 
the  money  or  pay  on  tiino.  You  are  the  judge  and  your  word 
goes.  Remember,  this  proportion  is  on  the  style  and  size 
spreader  you  want.  Don’t  pay  a  dollar  on  any  spreader  till 
you  get  our  book.  Also  shows  the  famous  Detroit  American 
Tongueless  Discs  and,  Detroit-American  Cultivators.  Write 
postal  now.  Adaress 


Write  For  Our  Book 
to  See  Real  Bargains 


Let  us  show  you  the  style  and  size  Detroit-American  that 
meets  your  needs — freight  paid  on  30  days  trial  without  a  cent 
In  advance — no  “C.  O.  D.”—  no  deposit.  See  how  they  are  made 
and  how  they  work.  Note  the  six  changes  of  feed,  the  all  steel 
cylinder  and  rake,  the  double  front  bolster,  the  big  15-lnch 
unbreakable  fifth  wheel  and  all  the  other  Detroit-American 
advantages.  If  you  don’t  want  the  Detroit-American  after  the 


AMERICAN  HARROW  COMPANY,  1639  HASTINGS  STREET.  DETROIT,  MICHIGAN 


Delivered  in  Michigan,  more 
in  other  states  for  same  style 
owing  to  Increased  freight 
charges.  That’s  the  bed  rock 
point  at  which  our  1911  prices 
start.  From  there  up— a  ma¬ 
chine  lor  every  man— End¬ 
less  or  Return  Apron.  Wood 
or  steel  wheels— capacity  50 
to  100  bu.  or  Wagon  Box  style. 
Take  your  choice— each  the 
one  big  bargain  ol  the  year. 


1911 

PROVIDING  PASTURE  FOR  HOGS. 

I  have  four  sows  bred  to  farrow  in 
March  next,  also  :>5  Fall  pigs  now  grow¬ 
ing  well.  I  wish  to  carry  these  pigs  over 
and  market  all  that  I  may  have  in  the 
Winter  of  1911-12.  I  should  have  after 
farrowing  iu  the  Spring  alxmt  70  hogs  and 
pigs.  I  have  ground  oats,  rye  and  corn  to 
feed  what  I  have  until  April  1,  but  that  is 
all.  I  have  15  acres  of  potato  ground,  left 
as  it  was  after  potatoes  were  dug.  This  I 
plan  to  put  all  in  corn.  I  shall  grow  a 
good  crop  of  car  corn  ;  also  seven  acres 
manured  last  Summer  from  which  I  took  a 
crop  of  buckwheat.  It  was  also  left  as  it 
was  after  harvesting,  also  six  acres  of 
gravelly  soil  from  which  I  took  a  crop  of 
oats  ;  nothing  done  to  field  since.  Also  five 
acres  from  which  I  took  rye  seeded  with 
Timothy,  but  stand  is  poor.  I  have  five 
acres  in  Timothy  and  clover,  good  crop  of 
Ked  clover  last  Summer,  but  I  suppose 
there  will  be  little  next  Summer.  Would 
it  be  possible  to  sow '  clover  seed  on  this 
sod  without  plowing?  If  it  could  be  as 
it  was  this  past  Summer  it  would  make 
fine  hog  pasture.  I  also  have  meadows  and 
pasture  land ;  will  have  manure  from  four 
cows  and  six  yearlings,  hogs  and  chickens. 
Where  shall  I  put  it  and  for  what  crops? 
Please  advise  me  what  to  plant  to  get  the 
earliest  Summer  feed  and  the  most  feed 
possible.  What  vegetables,  what  grains, 
sweet  corn,  Hubbard  squash,  mangels,  rape, 
barley?  I  shall  have  skim-milk  from  six 
cows  after  about  July  1.  Is  15  acres  enough 
corn  or  too  much?  I  shall  need  the  fodder 
for  cattle.  t.  u.  h. 

Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y. 

In  the  first  place  I  would  advise  the 
questioner  by  all  means  to  push  his  35 
Fall  pigs  as  fast  as  possible,  and  put 
them  on  market.  They  will  bring  more 
per  pound  when  they  weigh  150  pounds 
than  when  heavier.  It  is  a  poor  busi¬ 
ness  proposition  to  sustain  a  large 
amount  of  live  weight  for  a  long  period. 
It  will  take  about  three  pounds  of  dry 
matter  to  sustain  100  pounds  of  animal, 
without  gain  or  loss.  To  illustrate :  I 
had  10  shotes  gaining  a  pound  a  day 
each.  I  sold  them  when  they  dressed 
150  pounds,  and  put  in  their  place  16 
pigs  weighing  about  8o  pounds  alive. 
The  ] 6  ate  less  than  the  10,  but  gainecj 
a  pound  apiece  daily,  16  pounds  a  day 
instead  of  10,  and  at  less  cost.  The 
price  of  pork  is  high ;  it  is  quite  likely 
it  will  be  lower  next  year.  Further¬ 
more,  it  is  poor  business  to  devote  all 
the  land  to  the  swine,  particularly  as 
the  land  is  in  no  shape  to  care  for 
them,  nor  will  it  be  until  midsummer. 
If  the  four  sows  have  say  30  pigs,  and 
$4  apiece  can  be  obtained  for  them  when 
six  weeks  old,  I  would  sell  at  least  half 
of  them,  for  they  will  make  a  lot  of 
clear  profit  then,  and  under  existing 
conditions  it  may  be  on  the  wrong  side 
of  the  ledger  next  Fall.  Oats  are  a  poor 
food  for  young  pigs,  because  of  the 
hulls.  They  are  also  expensive.  In 
them  a  pound  of  digestible  protein  will 
cost  14  cents,  with  oats  at  42  cents,  pro¬ 
portionately  more  at  a  higher  price. 
Wheat  middlings  at  $25  a  ton  will  sup¬ 
ply  a  pound  of  digestible  protein  at 
about  10  cents.  Hence  I  would  sell  the 
oats  and  buy  middlings  for  the  pigs. 

Some  of  the  fallow  land  should  have 
been  put  into  rye  last  Fall.  This  would 
have  given  early  pasture,  and  later  in 
the  season  could  have  been  put  into 
rape  or  squash.  Some  of  it  would  have 
been  harvested,  and  the  straw  would 
have  paid  all  expenses.  The  first  thing 
to  put  in  is  Canada  peas.  Sow  2*4 
bushels  to  the  acre,  get  them  in  as  deep 
as  possible.  They  can  be  fed  to  the  hogs 
for  forage  by  the  middle  of  June;  from 
that  time  on  the  grain  will  increase. 
The  hogs  can  be  turned  in  the  field  if 
desired.  When  the  first  peas  come  off, 
the  ground  can  be  planted  with  some 
coarse  variety  of  squash  or  pumpkins, 
or  Dwarf  Essex  rape  for  Fall  feed. 
Some  of  this  rape  can  be  sown  in 
Spring  and  the  hogs  can  pasture  on  it 
from  the  time  it  is  six  inches  high. 
Then  plant  an  early  variety  of  sweet 
corn.  Make  the  main  crop  corn.  The 
sweet  corn  can  be  fed,  stalks  and  all, 
the  land  sown  the  latter  part  of  July 
with  rape  for  Fall  pasture.  At  first  the 
Hint  corn  can  be  fed  the  same  way, 
later  pick  off  the  ears,  without  remov¬ 
ing  the  husks.  It  never  pays  to  husk 
corn  for  hogs  if  they  are  fed  on  a  hard 
clean  surface.  The  main  crop  will  make 
Winter  food  for  hogs,  or  anything  else. 
Plant  plenty  of  pumpkins  in  the  corn. 
Do  not  cook  them  or  remove  the  seeds. 

I  should  sow  some  oats  for  horse  feed, 
on  the  buckwheat  ground.  If  you  do 
not  care  to  do  this,  sow  one  bushel  of 


THE  K  U  HAL  NEW-YORKER 


C16 


oats,  one-half  bushel  of  barley  and  12 
quarts  of  peas,  2*4  bushels  to  the  acre. 
This  can  be  harvested  and  thrashed.  It 
will  not  pay  to  sow  clover  on  the  old 
seeding.  The  oat  and  pea  ground  can 
be  seeded  with  clover,  and  it  will  give  a 
crop  of  hay  or  pasture  next  year.  If 
you  can  grow  potatoes;  they  will  make 
a  good  money  crop,  and  the  small  ones 
fed  cooked  to  the  hogs.  I  would  sow 
all  the  land  with  the  crops  off  to  rye, 
sowing  four  quarts  of  Timothy  with  it 
per  acre.  Then  sow  clover  in  the  Spring. 
The  crop  can  be  utilized  as  suggested 
above,  or  if  you  get  sick  of  hogs,  will 
make  a  good  money  one. 

I  would  call  your  attention  to  a  west¬ 
ern  way,  which  while  at  first  glance 
may  seem  slack,  but  when  labor  is  con¬ 
sidered,  and  one  makes  hogs  the  only 
money  crop,  as  you  contemplate,  I  be¬ 
lieve  an  excellent  one.  The  hogs  are 
turned  in  the  rye,  harvesting  the  entire 
crop.  The  year  following  this  is  clover, 
with  some  volunteer  rye,  which  is  again 
pastured,  alternating  with  another  rye 
pasture.  The  hogs  harvest  the  corn  in 
the  same  way,  sowing  that  ground  to 
rye,  without  plowing  between  the  corn 
at  last  cultivation,  the  clover  sod  fol¬ 
lowed  by  corn.  The  corn,  stalks,  clover, 
as  well  as  oats,  and  peas,  are  as  valu¬ 
able  for  the  cows  as  the  hogs. 

EDWARD  VAN  ALSTYNE. 


The  best  prize  is 
a  profitable 
crop 


Made  fok> 

Work-Weak 

YET  50  EASY  IN  ACTION 
A  C1RL0RB0Y  OF  SIXTEEN 
CAN  OPERATE  IT 


KMU5w<11 


No  pushing  or  pulllnpr  the  shovels  from 
one  side  to  the  other.  .Just  a  touch  of  the 
root  and  the  wheels  and  shovels  move  e  islly 
and  quickly  to  right  or  left.  No  stopping  the 
machine  to  regulato  the  width  between  gangs 
or  the  depth  of  the  shovels. 

Uneven  Land.  Crooked  Rows  and  Hillsides 
as  Easily  Cultivated  as  Level  Ground. 

la.  k‘gh  and  low  wheel  and 
KRAUS  pivot  RuriR.  Built  entirely 
or  steel  and  malleable  iron. 

»  possible  adjustment. 

Light  Draft.  Perfect  balance. 

Choice  of  26  different  equip- 
mej  8r?lvee  yOU  jU8t  the  one  .von 
need  fdr  your  work.  Also  the 
Clipper  Hummock  Seat  and  the 
Carpo  Walker.  Don’t  accept  a  sub¬ 
stitute.  If  yourjlealer  aoes  not 
Jandle  the  KRAUS  write  us  for 
full  descriptive  catalogue. 

AKRON  CULTIVATOR  CO. 

i-  --DEPT.  13,  AKRON,  OHIO 


vSjJ 


MV*  IDflATtU  Dairymen,  Take  a  Look  at  the 
STRITE  GOVERNOR  PULLEY 

Its  the  original  and  ••  only 
thing  for  driving  cream  nep- 
nratoiH  with  gasoline  en¬ 
gines.  Once  tried,  always 
used.  TRY  ONK.  Ask  your 
dealer  for  a  ^STRITE”  or 
write  us  direct.  Dou’fc  take 
an  imitation. 

Strife  Governor  Pulley  Co. 
357  South  Third  Street 
Minneapolis,  Minn. 


For  Lame  Horses 


Remove-All  positively  cures  Sprains, 
r  Ringbone,  Curb,  Shoe  Bolls,  Capped^ 
Hocks, abnormal  growths  and  lameness. ' 


BS 


REMOV-ALL' 

Sold  on  money -back  guarantee. 
Leaves  horses  sound  and  un- 
> scared.  Lump  Jaw  is  cured  in 
less  than  three  weeks  with 

Adams  Rapid  Lump-Jaw  Cure 

Easy  to  use.  Guaranteed.  Writ® 
for  FREE  TREATISE  on  cur* 
ing  these  diseases. 

H.  C.  ADAMS  MFC.  CO. 

W  l>ept«  50,  Algona,  Iowa 


ANIMAL 
FERTILIZERS 

Active  all  the  time 

YOUR  ACTUAL  PROFITS 

on  your  crops  are  much  more  interesting  to  you  than  any  other  feature  of  your  farm¬ 
ing.  You  are  sure  of  profitable  crops  by  using  Swift’s  Animal  Fertilizers  properly 
applied.  Being  rich  in  organic  matter, —  Bone,  Blood,  Meat, —  with  high  grade  Potash, 
they  supply  plant  food  in  ever  available  form. 

READ  THIS  EVIDENCE. 

"  Last  sprint:  my  neighbor,  Mr.  H.  E.  Perry,  plowed  up  2 1-4  acres  of  ran  down  grass 
land,  and  planted  it  to  potatoes,  applying  21-2  tons  of  ‘Swift’s  Potato  Phosphate.’  985 
bushels  of  potatoes  were  produced;  no  other  fertilizer  or  manure  was  used.  Mr.  Perry 
says  that  the  total  cost  of  raising  this  lot  of  potatoes,  all  labor,  seed,  fertilizer,  spraying, 
etc.,  was  $205.00.  These  potatoes  at  present  local  market  prices  are  won  h  not  less  than 
$600.00.  Mr.  Perry  orders  6  tons  of  ‘  Swift’s’  for  use  this  coming  season.” 

Yours,  E.  L.  CIIAMBEK  LAIN,  No.  Wolf  boro,  N.H. 

Swift’s  Fertilizers  are  made  for  all  soils  and  all  crops.  Their  formulas  are  based 
on  fifteen  years  practical  experience  with  New  England  needs  and  conditions.  See  our  local 
agent  or  write  us  direct  for  our  valuable  Crop  Handbook. 

We  have  some  localities  open  for  responsible  local  agents. 

Swift’s  Lowell  Fertilizer  Co.,  40  North  Market  St.,  Boston. 


An 


$45.00 


$5350 


No.  190  Runabout 
Sells  at  retail  for  $65.  Easy 
riding,  stylish  and  very  dur¬ 
able.  We  defy  competition 
with  it. 


$48.50 


BUY  A  NEW  YORK  STATE  WAGON 

DIRECT  FROM  FACTORY 

We  make  the  best  New  York  State  Standard  quality  Wagons 
and  sell  them  direct  from  factory  to  users  at 

Wholesale  Prices 

You  save  all  dealer’s  and  jobber’s 
profits — from  $20  to  $40 — and 
obtain  our  binding  guarantee  for 
one  year  from  date  of  purchase. 

No  Money  in  Advance 

Any  wagon  will  be  shipped  to 
you  for  free  examination  and 
approval.  No  deposit  or  references 
required. 

Safe  Delivery  Guaranteed 

You  take  no  risk  whatever. 

Every  wagon  will  reach  you  in  per¬ 
fect  condition,  or  it  can  be  returned 
to  us  at  our  expense. 

Send  for  Catalogue 

Showing  200  styles  of  wagons 
and  50  styles  of  Harness.  Every 
approved  pattern  is  shown  at  a 
wide  range  of  prices. 

VEHICLE  CO.,  360  Main  St 


No.  290  Buckboard 
Retailers  ask  $70  for  its 
equal.  Our  own  pattern, 
strongly  made,  easiest  rider 
known,  and  a  general  favorite. 


No.  118  Top  Buggy 
F  ully  as  good  as  retails  for$75. 
Will  give  years  of  service, 
nicely  finished,  and  a  bargain. 


$53.50 


No.  350 — Handy  Wagon 
Removable  seats,  very  strong, 
and  one  of  our  best  selling 
styles.  Can’t  be  duplicated 
anywhere  for  less  than  $70. 


ROCHESTER 


Rochester,  N.  Y. 


WE  SELL  FARMS  in  Oceana,  best  County  in  U.  S. 

Fruit,  Alfalfa,  Grain, Vegetables,  Stock,  Poul¬ 
try.  .1.  I>.  S.  HANSON  &  SON,  Hart,  Mich. 


River  Farm  Bargain;  83A.,  remodeled  house, 
large,  barns,  orchard,  telephone,  etc.  Mile  to 
large  towns.  Only  $3,300.  Riverview  Farm, H, -distend, Pa. 


A  BEAUTIFUL  FARM  FOR  SALE  in  the  finest  fruit 
growing  and  trucking  section  in  the  world; 
fertile  soil  and  fine  climate:  also  a  beautiful  water 
front  farm  with'  timber.  For  full  particulars  ad¬ 
dress  SAMUEL  P.  WOODCOCK,  Salisbury, 
Wicomico  County,  Maryland. 


MOST  PROFITABLE  WORKERS 
ON  THE  FARM 


<j*souHeEwClwe£ 


[•I# 


THE,  PRICE  MAKERS 


For  17  years  we  have  manufactured 
Waterloo  Boy  gasoline  engines 
\\  e  have  made  them  so  well,  they  have  given  such  good  satisfaction  and  we  have  sold  so  many  at  such  reasonable  prices 
that  we  have  compelled  others  to  sell  their  gasoline  engines  cheaper.  They  had  to  do  it  or  quit  business. 

We  have  saved  the  farmer  both  time  and  money.  Every  year  has  marked  improvements  in  the  Waterloo  Boy. 
For  17  years  we  have  kept  every  promise  we  ever  made  in  any  of  our  advertisements.  We  will  continue  to  do  so  in  the  future, 
j  or  17  years  the  Waterloo  Boy  has  made  good.  It  has  been  a  reliable  hired  man.  It  has  not  failed  in  cold  weather. 
It  has  been  reasonable  in  Price,  Simple  and  Durable  in  Service.  The  Waterloo  Boy  Makes  Good. 

A  Clean  Record.  Standing  on  this  ('lean,  Honorable  Record,  we  now  offer  to  the  farmers  the  Buttercup 
Cream  Saparator,  a  high  grade,  standard  machine,  Close  Skimmer,  Easy  Runner  and  Durable.  In  Price,  Quality 
and  Service  a  fit  companion  for  the  Waterloo  Boy. 

^  GASOLINE  ENGINE  and  aCREAM  SEPARATOR  — the  two  most  profitable  workers  on  the  farm— the  big  money  makers  on  the  farm— together 
they  make  a  strong  combination.  These  two  machines, -a  1 54  horse  WATERLOO  BOY  engine,  and  the  best  standard  CREAM  SEPARATOR-for  a  little  more 
than  the  price  of  a  cream  separator  ALONE.  Does  that  sound  good  to  you?  If  you  are  interested  write  us. 

WATERLOO  GASOLINE  ENGINE  CO.,  184  West  3rd  Ave.,  Waterloo,  Iowa. 


216 


thk  rural  new-yorkkr 


February  18, 


FEEDING  PROBLEMS. 


1.02 

5.94 

.25 

3.73 

.158 

1.528 

.488 

1.812 

.293 

.485 

.372 

.444 

2.581- 

13.939 

Under  this  headl  g»e  endeavor  to  give  advice 
and  suggestions  about  feeding  mixtures  of  grains 
and  fodders.  •  No  detiuite  rules  are  given,  but  the 
advice  is  based  upon  experience  and  average 
analyses  of  foods.  By  ‘  protein”  is  meant  the 
elements  in  the  food  which  go  to  make  muscle  or 
lean  meat.  “Carbohydrates”  comprise  the  starch, 
sugar,  etc.,  which  make  fat  and  provide  fuel  for 
the  body,  wuilo  “fat”  Is  the  pure  oil  found  in 
foods.  Dry  matter”  means  the  weight  of  actual 
food  left  in -fodder  or  grain  when  all  the  water  is 
driven  off.  A  "narrow  ration”  means  one  in  which 
the  proportion  of  protein  to  carbohydrates  is  close 
— a  “‘wide”  ration  means  one  which  shows  a  larger 
proportion  of  carbonydrat  s. 


Milk  Ration  for  Durhams. 

I  have  been  very  much  interested  in 
your  milk  rations,  but  do  not  iind  any 
that  just  fills  my  need.  I  have  corn,  good 
clovei  hay  and  corn  stover,  and  can  buy 
almost  all  the  other  feeds  close  at  home 
but  sugar  beet  and  dried  brewers’  grains. 
Cows  are  principally  Durham,  weigh  from 
900  to  1100  pounds.  1  am  feeding  for 
milk.  Can  you  advise  me?  G.  E.  s. 
Maryland. 

Here  is  the  analysis  of  a  balanced  ra¬ 
tion  composed  of  common  feeding  stuffs 
which  .ought  to  produce  good  results 
when  properly  fed  to  good  Durham 
cows : 

Dry  Digestible  Carb. 
Feeding  stuff.  matter.  Protein,  and  fat. 
15  lbs.  clover  hay.  12.75 
10  lbs.  corn  stover  5.80 
2  lbs.  corn  meal..  1.78 
4  lbs.  wheat  bran  3.52 
1  lb.  O.P.  oil  meal  .91 

1  lb.  cotton-seed 

meal  . 92 

25.  G8 

Nutritive  ratio  1  :  5.4. 

If  you  prefer  to  grind  your  corn  to¬ 
gether  with  the  cob,  feed  three  and  a 
half  or  four  pounds  of  the  mixture, 
corn  and  cob  meal,  instfead  of  two 
pounds  cornmeal.  c.  s.  G. 

Feeding  and  Dairy  Barn. 

Will  you  give  me  a  ration  for  dairy  cows 
weighing  1,000  pounds?  We  feed  a  slopped 
feed.  Corn  chop,  per  ton,  $25 ;  wheat 
middlings,  $31  ;  buckwheat  middlings,  $24  ; 
cotton-seed  meal,  $30;  green  malt,  10  cents 
a  bushel;  clover  hay,  $15,  and  straw  at 
$8  per  ton.  When  we  cannot  get  green 
malt  we  feed  dried  beet  pulp,  $28,  and 
dried  malt  at  $22  per  ton.  Give  me  the 
dimensions  for  a  dairy  barn  for  30  cow 
stalls,  two  horse  stalls,  one  bull  pen,  two 
box  stalls  and  feed  room,  with  feed  aisle 
through  center  of  barn,  and  height  of 
ceilings.  c.  w.  w. 

Pennsylvania. 

If  your  cows  are  doing  well  I  do  not 
know  that  1  can  improve  upon  the  ration 
you  are  now  using,  although  you  do 
not  give  the  amounts  of  the  different 
feeds  used  at  present.  Here  is  the 
analysis  of  a  very  good  ration,  which  is 
probably  about  what  you  are  using: 

Dry  Digestible  Carb. 
Feeding  stuff.  matter.  Protein,  and  fat. 
18  lbs.  clover  hay.  15. 30  1.224  7.128 

2  lbs.  cornmeal..  1.78 
2  lbs.  buckwheat 

middlings  ......  1.74 

1  lb.  cotton  -  seed 

meal  .  .  . . 92 

5  lbs,,  dried  beet 
pulp  or  dry  malt, 
with  s 


.158 

.44 

.372 


1.528 

.912 

.444 


sprouts 


4. 08 


.34 

2.531 


3.27 

13.282 


24.42 

Nutritive  ratio  1  :  5.24. 

When-  you  can  get  the  green  malt  at 
10  cents  per  bushel,  of  course  that  is 
the  cheapest  feed  you  can  get,  and  the 
ration  given  is  only  to  use  when  this 
feed  is  not '  available.  Wheat  middlings 
at  $31  per  ton  arc  too  expensive  to  use 
unless  your  cows  become  too  laxative 
on  the  ration  used  and  need  something 
more  constipating. 

Your  stable  should  he  34  or  36  by  100 
feet  to  accommodate  the  stock  men¬ 
tioned.  You  could  get  along  with  it 
30  feet  wide,  hut  36  feet  would  give 
you  a  little  more  room  in  which  to 
work.  The  feeding  alley  should  he  four 
feet  wide,  the  mangers  three  feet  wide 
and  the  cow  stalls  three  feet  nine  inches 
wide,  and  the  length  to  correspond  with 
the  size  of  the  cows  kept.  The  box 
stall  should  he  about  10  feet  square 
and  the  horse  stalls  about  five  feet 
wide.  The  hull  pen  can  he  made  a 
little  larger  than  the  box  stalls  if  de¬ 
sired.  The  ceiling  should  be  at  least 
eight  feet  high,  and  would  do  no  harm 
if  it  was  a  little  higher.  I  would  advise 
putting  in  cement  floors  and  chain  hang¬ 
ing  swing  stanchions.  c.  s.  G. 

Ration  for  Jersey  Cow. 

I  have  a  Jersey  cow  that  is  thin  in 
flesh,  not  in  calf,  and  milking  seven  quaits 
pcTr  day.  Her  skin  is  very  tight  over  back 
and  ribs.  Along  milk  veins  and  around 
udder  is  a  kind  of  dandruff  or  scurf.  She 
eats  fairly  well.  I  am  feeding  4 Vi  pounds 
of  the  following  mixed  feed  twice  per  day  : 
Bran,  200  _  pounds ;  corncob  meal.  140 
pounds ;  cotton-seed  meal,  1 00  pounds ; 
buckwheat  shorts,  100  pounds ;  old  pro¬ 
cess  oil  meal,  50  pounds.  .  Bough  feed  is 
corn  fodder  and  clover  hay.  u.  s.  u. 

Pennsylvania. 

Your  Jersey  cow  is  naturally  a  heavy 
milker  and  has  been  fed  for  some  time 
on  a  good  milk-producing  ration  until 
she  has  become  poor  through  the  lack 
of  proper  nourishment  for  building  up 
the  body  and  secreting  milk  at  the  same 
time.  Scurf,  such  as  you  describe,  is  not 
a  disease,  but  it  is  simply  the  result  of 
a  debilitated  condition  of  the  body  and 
a  lack  of  proper  grooming.  It  is  usually, 


though  not  always,  accompanied  by  the 
presence  of  lice.  The  first  thing  to  do 
is  to  look  for  lice  and  kill  them  if  found. 
A  little  unguentum  rubbed  on  the 
stanchions  and  on  the  head  back  of  the 
horns  and  places  where  the  cows  can¬ 
not  lick  it  off  will  kill  the  lice.  As  this 
is  a  deadly  poison  it  must  be  used  with 
care.  The  ration  you  are  using  is  good 
for  milk  production,  hut  should  contain 
more  cornmeal  to  keep  the  cow  in 
proper  condition  physically.  I  would 
suggest  that  you  discontinue  the  corn 
and  cob  lneal  and  use  clear  cornmeal 
in  its  place,  gradually  increasing  from 
100  pounds  to  start  to  150  pounds  at  the 
end  of  about  10  days.  If  not  con¬ 
venient  to  get  the  clear  cornmeal  in¬ 
crease  the  corn  and  cob  meal  gradu¬ 
ally  up  to  250  pounds  in  your  mixture. 
Brush  your  cow  thoroughly  every  day. 
Give  her  a  good  bed  of  straw  or  shav¬ 
ings  to  keep  her  clean  and  make  her 
comfortable.  You  will  soon  notice  a 
decided  improvement  in  her  condition 
if  you  will  adopt  the  suggestions  given. 

•  c.  S.  G. 

Ration  for  Butter. 

Will  vou  make  up  for  me  a  ration  for 
butter?*  1  have  only  mixed  hay  on  hand. 

I  can  get  cornmeal,  bran  and  middlings 
and  linseed  meal.  I  have  some  concen¬ 
trated  food.  c.  T. 

New  York. 

The  following  ration  compounded 
from  the  feeding  stuffs  mentioned  is 
well  adapted  for  cows  from  which  the 
milk  is  used  for  making  butter; 

Dry  Digestible  Carb. 

Feeding  stuff.  matter.  Protein,  and  fat. 
20  lbs.  mixed  hay.  17.42  .844  9.25 

4  lbs.  wheat  bran  .3.52  .488  1.812 

3  lbs.  cotton  -  seed  „  _ 

meai  .  2.76  1.116  1.33o 

1  lb.  cornmeal . 89  .079  .704 

24.59  2.527  13.101 

Nutritive  ratio  1 :  5.2. 

While  this  ration  will  produce  fairly 
satisfactory  results  it  could  be  much 
improved  if  you  could  get  some  oil 
meal,  silage  or  dried  beet  pulp  to  feed  in 
addition  to  that  which  you  already  have. 
I  have  never  seen  the  concentrated  food 
named  and  do  not  know  what  it  is,  but 
if  you  know  it  to  he  a  good  feed  you 
could  use  up  your  present  supply  by 
mixing  one  or  two  pounds  a  day  with 
the  ration  suggested  without  increasing 
the  total  amount  fed.  c.  s.  g. 

Ration  for  Heifer. 

Will  vou  give  me  a  proper  f<>ed  for  a 
heifer  three  years  old  that  will  freshen 
about  April  1?  I  have  only  mixed  hay 
(common).  F.  J.  o. 

New  York. 

A  good  ration  for  your  heifer  could 
be  composed  of  all  the  mixed  hay  she 
will  eat  three  times  a  day  for  roughage 
and  a  small  grain  ration  fed  twice  a 
day,  the  amount  depending  entirely  on 
the  size  and  condition  of  the  heifer.  If 
she  is  in  poor  condition,  five  or  six 
pounds  per  day  ought  to  start  her  to 
gaining  nicely,  while  if  .  she  is  fat 
enough  now,  three  or  four  pounds 
would  probably  be  sufficient  to  keep  her 
in  a  thriving  condition.  I  would  mix 
about  300  pounds  of  wheat  bran  with 
200  pounds  of  ground  oats  and  100 
pounds  of  O.  P.  linseed  meal  and  feed 
as  described.  c.  s.  G. 


IV^ade  Cor  the  Man 
Who  Wants 
She  Best 


When  vou  write  advertisers  mention  The 
B.  N.-Y.  ‘and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
•“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  20. 

Edwards  Interlocking 
"Reo”  Steel  Shingles 

fteed 

No  Repairs! 

They  Last  as 
Long  as  the 
Building 

They  are  stamped  of  best  Bessemer 
Steel  5  to  12  feet  long  and  24  Inches  wide. 
They  are  made  either  in  plain  steel,  painted 
on  both  sides,  or  heavily  galvanized.  They 
will  not  rust  nor  corrode.  The  interlocking 
feature  covers  the  nails  and  provides  for 
expansion  or  contraction. 

Put  Them  On  Yourself 

Anyone  enn  lay  these  shingles  on  any  roof. 
Just  a  hammor  and  a  low  nails  is  all  you  need. 

Edwards  Interlocking  Reo  Steel  Shingles 
will  save  money  for  you.  They  will  last 
longer  than  wood-shlnglo  or  composi¬ 
tion  roofs  and  give  you  absolute  protec¬ 
tion  against  lire  anil  lightning.  We  give  a 
$10,000  guarantee  bond  that  no  roof  cov¬ 
ered  with  Koo  Steel  Shingles  will  bo  de¬ 
stroyed  by  lightning. 

Factory  Prices— Freight  Prepaid 

Being  tho  largest  manufacturers  of  every  kind 
of  iron  and  stool  rooiing  material,  we  are  in  a 
position  to  quoto  you  lowest  possible  manufuc- 
turer-to-user  prices. 

Write  for  Mew  Catalog  273 

which  gives  valuable  information  you  Bhould 
have.  You  can  save  money  and  have  a  hotter  roof 
by  buying  Edwards  Interlocking  Reo  Steel 
Shingles.  Send  us  dimensions  of  your  building 
and  wo  will  quoto  you  cost  of  a  Reo  Steel  Shingle 
Roof  delivered  at  your  railroad  station.  (36) 

THE  EDWARDS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY 

223-273  Lock  Street,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO 


Make 
$4.00  to  $3.00  More 
From  Each  Acre  Sure  t 


I. 


s 

msm Mi 


Tine  ©me  Spreader 

TEnat  Stamps  tfine  Sttpaim 

You  want  a  strong  spreader— one  that  can  stand  the  strain.  There  Is  only  one  In 
that  class.  It’s  the  Great  Western.  Over  1C3.00J  progressive  farmers,  and  most 
U.  S.  Government  and  Stale  Experiment  Stations  have  proved  it.  See  the  Great 
Western  alongside  of  the  next  best  spreader.  Then  you  will  know  why  we  can 
guarantee  every  Great  Western  to  stand  50  per  cent  more  strain  and  require 
50  per  cent  less  repairs  than  any  other  spreader  in  the  world. 

The  reason  is  high  Quality.  We  build  spreaders  as  they  should  be  built.  When 
you  know  how  much  more  oak,  hickory,  malleable,  steel  and  wrought  iron  is  in 
the  Great  Western  Spreader  than  in  any  other,  you’ll  underslaTid  why  the  Great 
Western  is  the  only  spreader  strong  enough  to  stand  the  strain.  When  you  know 
what  other  spreaders  are  made  of  it  won’t  be  hard  for  you  to  understand  why  they 
are  not  strong  enough  to  stand  up  under  the  heavy  loads  and  hard  work.  I  ho 


Emdlless 
Apron 


Ctc&I  WesQem 

Spreader  has  an  endless  apron  that  runs  on  3  sets  of  extra  large  rollers- 
drawn  equally  from  both  sides,  so  there’s  no  friction— no  binding,  no  matter 
how  unevenly  you  load  it.  The  Great  Western  Spreader  has  a  big,  16-inch, 
40-pound,  unbreakable.  Malleable  fifth  wheel.  You  can’t  pull  out  the  front 

end  no  matter  how  heavy  the  load  or  how  many  horses  you  put  on.  The 

big  malleable  fifth  wheel  is  attached  to  two,  big,  solid  oak  bolsters,  by 
malleable  braces.  The  Great  Western  front  trucks  are  set  two  feet 
under  the  load— so  the  load  Is  carried  equally  on  the  four  wheels. 

Great  Western  pole  is  made  of  solid  oak—  not  pine  or  inferior  woods. 

Our  big  Free  Book  tells  about  all  the  Great  Western  advantages. 

It  proves  how  much  better  it  is  to  pay  a  few  more  dollars  at 
the  start  for  a  Great  Western  Spreader  than  to  be  paying  the 
toll  of  constant  trouble,  delay  and  repairs  that  any  other 
spreader  is  sure  to  mean.  Don’t  buy  any  spreader  till 
“  you  read  the  startling  spreader  facts  in  our  book  - 

Send  us  your  name  now  and  ask  for  Free 
Spreader  Catalog  No.  S29  Address 
SMITH  MFG.  COMPANY 
158  E.  Harrison  St. 

Chicago 


For  Best  EXTENSION  LADDER  “  <®S3S" 

JOHN  J.  POTTER, H  Mill  St.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


get  all 

the 

dope 


No 
matter 
what 
size  or 
style  oi 
spreader 
you  want, 
wooden  or 
steel  wheels, 
35  to  100 
bushels  capacity 
—you’ll  suit  your¬ 
self  best  by  getting 
a  guaranteed— 

Great  Western 

Paint  Without  Oil 

Remarkable  Discovery  That  Cuts 
Down  the  Cost  of  Paint  Seventy- 
Five  Per  Cent. 


If  you’re  only  thinking 
about  a  cream  separa¬ 
tor  don’t  fail  to  do  a 
thorough  job  so  that 
when  you  buy  you’ll 
buy  right.  Look  up 
the  merits  and  faults 
of  all  the  various 
kinds;  ask  everybody 
you  see  using  a  sepa¬ 
rator  how  he  feels 
about  it;  get  all  the 
catalogs,  and  don’t 

■  '  j  . 

overlook  the  Economy 
Chief  Dairy  Guide  for 
1911.  It’s  worth  a  lot 
of  money  to  dairy 
farmers  in  every  state. 
Ask  for  a  free  copy 
today. 


A  Free  Trial  Package  is  Mailed  to  Every¬ 
one  Who  Writes. 

A.  L.  Rice,  a  prominent  manufacturer  of 
Adams,  N.  Y.,  has  discovered  a  process  of 
making  a  new  kind  of  paint  without  the  use 
of  oil.  He  calls  It  l’owdrpaint.  It  comes  In  the 
form  of  a  dry  powder  ana  all  that  is  required  is 
cold  water  to  make  a  paint  weather  proof,  firo 
proof  and  as  durable  as  oil  paint.  It  adheres  to 
any  surface,  wood,  stone  or  brick,  spreads  and 
looks  like  oil  paint  and  costs  about  one-fourth  as 
much.  .. 

Write  to  Mr.  A.  L.  Rice,  Mannf’r.,  408  North 
St,  Adams,  N.  Y.,  and  he  will  send  you  a  freo 
trial  package,  also  color  card  and  full  Informa¬ 
tion  showing  you  how  you  can  save  a  good  many 
dollars.  Write  to-day. 


COOK  YOUR  FEED  and  SAVE 
AHalf  the  Cost— with  the 


PROFIT  FARM  BOILER 


With  Dumping  (Jaltiron.  Empties 
its  kettlein  one  minute.  The  simplest 
and  best  arrangement  for  cooking 
food  forstock.  Also  make  Dairy  and 
I.aunclry  Stoves,  Water  and 
Steam  Jacket  Kettles,  Hoe 
Scalders,  Caldrons.etc.  H^”Seud 
for  particulars  and  ask  forcinulan  J 

D.  It.  SPERRY  &  GO.,  Bat  .via,  Id, 


Sears,  Roebuck  and  Co. 

Chicago,  Illinois 


w 

Wa&iied  at  Osuce— A  Wim 

To  Make  $100  Per  Month  Above  Expenses 

1500  MEN  THROUGHOUT  THE  U.  S 
ARE  MAKING  BIG  MONEY 

with  our  largo  lino  of  over  80  different  household  neces¬ 
sities  corYsistln"  of  homo  remedies,  extracts,  spices,  soaps, 
perfumes,  toilet  articles,  stock  and  poultry  preparations, 
polishes,  etc.  all  guaranteed  under  tho  National  Food 
and  Drugs  Act  and  conforming  to  tho  Pure  Food  require¬ 
ments  of  every  state.  Sold  chiefly  to  country  people. 
Wo  import,  manufacture  and  sell  in  enormous  quantities 
Capital  and  surplus  over  ono  million  dollars.  Factory 
floor  sp.aco  nearly  5  acres. 

Wo  want  ono  man  in  each  unoccupied  locality  to  take 
full  charge  of  everything  pertaining  to  our  business  in 
his  district.  Must  bo  of  good  health  and  habits,  honest 
and  i  ndustrious,  not  under  21  nor  over  50  years  of  ago, 
abloto  furnish  outfit  similar  to  that  illustrated  above, 
ulso  several  responsible  men  to  vouch  for  his  integrity. 
Such  under  our  instructions  can  make  not  less  than 

$100  Per  Wtenth  Clear  Profit 

above  expenses  first  year,  $1800  second  year  and  $2400 
third  year.  Colored  people  or  women  not  considered. 

Previous  experience  or  more  than  ordinary  education 
not  needed  as  with  our  thorough  free  coui  fo  of  i  nstrue- 
tion  in  salesmanship  tho  work  i3  easily  learned  and  a 
big;  pleasant,  healthful,  honorablo  and  permanent  busi¬ 
ness  quickly  established. 

If  you  can’t  meet  requirements  don't  write:  if  you 
think  you  can  you  aro  tho  man  wo  aro  looking  for  and  a 
postal  will  bring  you  full  particulars  by  return  mail. 

Lots  of  new  inen  starting  and  territory  filling  rapidly, 
bo  if  interested  writo  at  once  clso  territory  vacant  in  your 
locality  will  bo  taken. 

W.  T.  P.AWLEIGH  CO.  31-40  Lib.  St.  Freeport.  HI. 


1911 


017 


THE  RURAIS  NEW-YORKER 


MARKETS 

Week  Ending  February  10,  1911. 

BUTTER 

The  market  on  the  better  grades  of 
creamery  has  improved.  The  surplus,  of 
medium  grade  butter  has  been  cleared  out, 
and  there  is  a  better  demand  all  along 
the  line.  Business  in  top  grades  of  storage 
creamery  is  slow,,  the  price  asked  by  hold¬ 
ers  being  considered  excessive. 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 28  .©  .29  1 

Good  to  Choice . 24  @  .28 

cower  Grades  . 21  @  .28 

Storage .  19  @  .25 

State  Dairy,  best . . .  J2 4  ®  .25 

Common  to  Good . .19  @  .28  i 

Factory . 16  ®  .17 

Packing  Slock . 12  @  .10 

Elgin  111.  butter  market  steady  at  2  cents. 

CHEESE 

Some  slight  improvement  in  trade  is 
noted  in  the  better  grades  of  colored  whole 
milk  cheese.  Winter  made  cheese  is  very 
dull. 

Full  Cream,  best . 15  @  .17 

Common  to  Good . 12  @  .18 

Skims . 05  @  .1 

EGGS 

Receipts  continue  large  and  the  market  is 
irregular  and  weaker.  Large  quantities  of 
refrigerator  eggs  are  on  band,  some  selling 
kelow  12  cents.  Choice  eggs  of  mixed  colors 
may  now  be  had  at  retail  for  25  to  27  cents. 
Strictly  fancy  pure  white  are  nominally  54 
cents  but  this  includes  only  a  very  small 
part  of  current  business. 

White,  «ood  to  choice . 30  @  .32 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 22  @  .23 

Common  to  Good . 20  @  .22 

8torage . 12  @  .15 

Western,  best. .  25  @  .28 

Under  grades . 18  @  .22 

BEANS 

Market  is  very  dull  and  weak,  prices 
given  being  more  or  less  nominal. 

Marrow,  100  lbs... .  3.85 

Medium .  3.65  _ 

Pea .  3.50  @  £.75 

Yellow  Eye .  3.60 

Bed  Kidney . 6.50 

WhlteKidney .  4.76 

HOPS 

On  the  Pacific  Coast  some  contracting 
for  the  new  crop  is  going  on,  but  the  grow¬ 
ers  are  asking  extreme  prices,  so  that  the 
volume  of  business  is  small. 

Prime  to  Choice . 28  @  .30 

Common  to  Good . 23  @  .26 

Pacific  Coast . 18  @  .22 

German  Crop,  1910 . 46  @  .60 

CIDER  VINEGAH 

New  York  prices  for  single  barrel  lots. 

Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 22  ®  .24 

Standard  Grade . 13  @  .15 

DRIED  FRUITS 

Business  Is  light,  with  a  slightly  stronger 
tone  in  choice  evaporated  apples. 

Apples,  evap.  fancy . 12  ®  13 

Evap.,  com.  to  good . 06  ffi  .11 

Sun  Dried . 05  @  .07^ 

Chops . . . 04^®  .05 

Cores  and  Skins . 04  ®  .04 

Raspberries . 28  @  .30 

Cherries . 15  ®  .18 

FRESH  FRUITS 

Apple  market  rather  quiet.  Strawberries 
from  the  South  in  very  large  supply  and 
market  unsettled. 

Apples,  Russet,  bbl . 2  00 

King.... .  3.00 

Greening .  3.00 

York  Imperial .  3.50 

Baldwin . 3.00 

8py . 3.50 

Western — 

Newtown,  box .  1.75 

Spitz,  box .  1.76 

Rome,  box .  I.o0 

Winesap,  box . . .  1  76 

Gano.  box  . 1.45 

Cranberries— 

Cape  Cod.  bbl .  8.00  @  9.50 

Long  Island,  bbl .  8.50  ®  9.50 

Jersey,  bbl .  7.00  @  8.50 

Pears.  Kicffer.  bbl .  2.75  ®  3.60 

Strawberries.  Fla.,  qt . 15  ®  .45 

Oranges,  Fla.  box .  2.00  ®  4.26 

Porto  Rico .  1.75  ®  2.25 

Grape  Fruit.  Fla.  box . 2.50  @  3.60 

PlDcapplcs,  Havana,  18s .  1.00  ®  3  00 

Porto  Rico,  30s  to  24s .  1,76  @  2  10 


HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 
Mushroom  trade  very  good, at  slightly  im¬ 
proved  prices.  Cucumbers  selling  slowly. 
Rhubarb  and  choice  tomatoes  in  good  de¬ 
mand. 

Cucumbers,  best,  doz .  1.75  ®  g.oo 

Musnrooms,  lb . 15  ®  25 

Radishes,  luo  bunches .  2.00  @  4.00 

Tomatoes,  lb . 15  rd>  .40 

Rhubarb,  doz  bunches . 50  ®  [70 

Tomatoes,  lb . 15  @  .35 

BERMUDA  PRODUCTS 

Potatoes,  No.  '.bbl .  6.00  ®  6.50 

No.  2  “  .  5.00  @  5.50 

Beets,  bu.  crate . 75  @  1.00 

Carrots,  crate . 75  ®  1.00 

Lima  Beans,  ^  bu .  2.00  ®  2  58 

Onions,  bu.  crate .  2.75  @  2.00 

Peas.  ^  bu .  1.50  @3.05 

Parsley,  bu.  crate .  1.00  @  1.25 

Romaine,  crate . 50  @  .75 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Receipts  from  the  West  have  been  de¬ 
layed  by  heavy  storms,  and  desirable  grades 
are  scarce  and  higher. 

Chickens,  lb . ; . 13 


Roosters . 

.15 

.17 

Ducks . 

.12 

@ 

.18 

Geese . 

.05 

@ 

.12 

Turkeys . 

3.85 

© 

4.00 

3.65 

<fi 

3.70 

@ 

£.76 

© 

8.75 

© 

5.75 

4.75 

© 

5.00 

@  4.00 
®  5.25 
®  5.75 
@  5.75 
®  5.00 
@  5.26 

@  2.25 
@  2.25 
®  2.25 
@  2.50 
@  1.75 


AMERICAN  APPLES  IN  LONDON. 


Greening  and  Baldwin,  bbl . 6.75 

Albemarle  Pippin .  7.00 


©  6.00 

®  7.50 


Oregon,  Newtown,  box .  3.00  ®  3.25 

Winesap .  2.76  ®  3.00 

HONEY 

Extracted  clover  is  scarce  and  market 

firm.  Other  grades  dull. 

White  Clover,  lb . 12  ©  .16 

Buokwheat,  ib .  .09  ®  .10 

Extracted,  lb . 07  ®  .09 

VEGETABLES 

Trade  in  potatoes  very  dull  and  market 
unsettled,  with  a  considerable  proportion  of 
frozen  and  inferior  tubers  offered.  Cab¬ 
bage  in  very  heavy  supply.  String  beans 
and  lettuce  from  the  South  plenty  and  sell¬ 
ing  slowly. 

Potatoes— X.  Y.  State.  180  lbs .  1.35  @1.50 

Long  Island,  180  lbs . 

Maine . 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bbl . 

Brussels  Sprouts,  qt . 

Beets,  new,  J 00  bunches . 

Carrots,  bbl . 

Southern,  new,  bbl . 

Cabbage — Danish  seed,  ton . 

Domestic . 

Red . 

Celery,  doz . 

Chicory,  bbl . 

Cucumbers.  Fla.  bu . 

Escarol.  bbl . 

Endive.  French,  lb. | .  1  j  " 

Kale,  bbl . 

Kohlrabi.  Southern,  bbl . 

Lettuce. H-bbi  bkt . 

Peppers.  Southern,  bu . 

Onions,  Orange  Co.,  bag . 

Conn.  Yellow,  100  lbs . 

White  pickle,  bu . 

Peas.  Fla.,  bu  . '  1*25 

Romaine.  Southern,  y,  bbl!.......!!!!  !so 

Salsify,  ion  bunches .  .  500 

String  Beans,  bu . 

Spinach,  bbl . 

Squash,  bbl . . 

Turnips.  Rutabaga,  bbl _ .  . 

White,  bbl . 

Leeks,  Southern,  100  bunches.'.'! . „.w 

Egg  Plants.  Fla.,  box . 4.00  ®  6.5 

Parsnips,  bbl .  1.26  @1.6 

Parsley  bbl  .  o  50  ©  4  (k, 

Tomatoes,  Fla.  crate . 2fi0  ®  3h) 


.  1.36 

@ 

1.50 

© 

2.00 

© 

1.60 

(« 

2.50 

© 

.16 

© 

3.00 

© 

1.50 

© 

3.00 

.  8.00 

©12.00 

@ 

9.00 

©36.00 

@ 

1.00 

@ 

3.00 

@ 

3.50 

© 

3.50 

© 

.15 

fd 

1.12 

@ 

4.00 

® 

1  25 

,.  3.00 

© 

4.00 

© 

2.00 

@ 

1.50 

® 

1.00 

© 

4.00 

1.00 

@ 

2_o0 

© 

2.00 

© 

2.25 

@ 

1.00 

© 

1.50 

© 

3.00 

© 

6.50 

@ 

1.50 

® 

4.00 

3.60 

®  .14 

©  .16 
@  .10 
@  .18 
«  .14 
©  .20 

DRESSED  POULTRY 

The  supplies  on  hand  are  running  poor, 
very  little  stock  being  good  enough  to  reach 
top  quotations.  The  only  firm  item  in  the 
list  is  fowls  of  medium  weight,  about  four 
pounds. 

Turkeys.  Fancy . .,  .22  ©  .23 

Common  to  Good . 16  @  120 

Chickens,  roasting,  prime . 22  @  .22 

Common  to  Good . 14  @  .18 

Fancy  broilers,  lb . 25  ©  .28 

Fowls . . .  ]4  @  ,16J^ 

Capons,  best,  lb . .................  .24  ©  .25 

Medium  grades . 22  ©  .23 

Small  and  Slips . 14  ©  .18 

Ducks „  Spring . 15  @  .20 

Geese,  spring . 12  @  .14 

Squabs,  doz .  2.00  @  6.00 


COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 
Hothouse  lambs  scarce  and  selling  well 
when  of  good  quality.  Trade  in  pork  dull. 

Calves,  good  to  prime . 12  @  .14 

Common . 08  @  .11 

Lambs,  hothouse,  bead .  5.00  ©10.00 

Pork,  light . n  ©  .12 

Medium  to  heavy . . . 10  ®  .11 

Roasting  Pigs,  lb . 14  ©  .17 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Market  Is  barely  steady  on  better  grades 
of  both  Timothy  and  clover.  Most  of  the 
receipts,  however,  are  medium  or  below,  and 
meeting  a  dull  trade. 

Hay.  No.  1.  ton.... . 21.00  ©  22.00 

No.  2 . 18.00  @  20.(10 

No.  3 . 15.00  ©  17.U0 

Clover  Mixed . 12.00  ®  I8  60 

Clover . 10.00  ©  15.00 

Straw,  Rye .  9.00  ©  11.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 8.00  ©  10.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers.  100  lbs . 6.25  ®  6.85 

Oxen  and  Stags .  4.00  @  5.26 

Cows .  2.40  ®  5.10 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 8.00  @11.00 

„  Culls  . 4.00  ©  650 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 3.25  @  4.50 

Lambs .  G.00  ©  6.76 

Hogs .  7.8O  @8.90 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.14  ® 

No.  2,  Red .  97  ... 

No.  I  Macaroni .  1.00  @  .  . 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 49  @  .52 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 35  @  37 

“ye . .  @  .85 

MILL  FEED 

Spring  Bran, ton .  26.00  ©  26.50 

Standard  Middlings .  27.00  ©  28.U0 

Red  Dog .  28.00  @  29.00 

Hominy  Chop .  22.50  ©  23.70 

Linseed  Mr  .1 . 35.00  @  36  00 

Corn  Meal .  24.00  ®  26.00 

WOOL 

NewYork  Fleeces.  Delaine. unwashed..  26  ©.27 

Ohio  Fine,  unwashed .  22  ®  .23 

Kentbcky,  throe  eighths  blood . .  .'29  @  30 

Michigan,  half  blood . 28  @.29 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  14.40 

Middling  Gulf .  14.65 

New  Orleans.  Low  Middling .  14.25 

Good  Middling .  16.12 

TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadleaf-flller . 08  ©  .10 

Fine  wrppe-s . 50  @  .60 

N.  Y.  State  Fillers . 06  @  .06 

Fine  and  Selections . 12  ©  .06 

Ohio,  Zimmer's  Spanish . 19  @  .10 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 07  .20 

Dark  Leaf . 10  ©  .09 

Bight  Cutters . 12  ©  .20 


The  Mortality  Among  Chicks. 

Many  beginners  find  out,  sooner  or  later, 
that  it  is  easier  to  hatch  chicks  than  to 
raise  them.  The  mortality  among  newly- 
hatched  chicks  every  year  is  enormous,  and 
most  of  those  that  die  succumb  during  the 
first  three  weeks.  Those  that  live  to  be 
six  weeks  old  without  sickness  have  a  very 
good  chance  to  reach  maturity.  The  death 
rate  varies  greatly  under  different  condi¬ 
tions  ;  but  taking  them  as  they  are,  good, 
bad  and  indifferent,  it  would  not  be  out  of 
the  way  to  say  that  half  the  chickens 
hatched  do  not  live  through  the  first  six 
weeks.  Trustworthy  observers  say  that  out 
of  a  hundred  eggs  incubated,  either  under 
hens  or  in  a  machine,  2r>  may  be  expected 
to  come  to  nothing  on  account  of  infertility, 
breakage  or  failure  to  develop,  leaving  75 
to  hatch  ;  and  this  should  be  accepted  as  a 
satisfactory  result.  They  say,  too,  that  the 
average  poultry  keeper  will  probably  lose 
half  of  each  hatch  by  the  time  the  survivors 
are  six  to  eight  -weeks  old,  and  therefore 
will  have  only  .’18  birds  fo  show  for  the  hun¬ 
dred  eggs  that  he  started  with.  Some  go 
still  further  and  shock  the  enthusiastic  be¬ 
ginner  by  telling  him  that  he  should  be  sat¬ 
isfied  if  he  succeeds  in  hatching  and  carry¬ 
ing  to  maturity  one  bird  out  of  every  four 
eggs.  Of  course  these  statements  are  based 
on  averages.  There  are  plenty  of  poultry 
keepers  all  over  the  country  who  get  much 
better  results  than  these  r  but,  on  the  other 
hand,  there  are  thousands  of  chicks  that  die 
off  every  Spring  in  flocks  where  tile  mortal¬ 
ity  runs  up  to  80  or  90  pec  cent.,  or  even 
more.  The  beginner  should  not  be  too  easily 
discouraged  if  his  results  are  not  what  he 
hopes  for  when  he  starts  out  to  hatch. 

WM.  It.  FISHER. 


'ContinentalRTA[  DER 

The  reputation  and  popularity  of  the  JOHNSTON  Binder  is  the  result  of  the 
many  good,  reliable  features  which  proclaim  its  individuality,  its  meritorious  con¬ 
struction,  and  its  durability.  The  JOHNSTON  Binder  is  all  that  a  binder  should 
be— light,  yet  strong— built  almost  entirely  of  steel.  It  is  simply  con¬ 
structed— no  experimental  or  “freakish”  parts— and  works  perfectly  in 
all  kinds  of  soil  and  grain.  Built  in  several  sizes,  with  or  without 
tongue  truck. 

Farmers  experience  great  satisfaction  in  owning  JOHNSTON  ma¬ 
chines  because  they  are  built  along  duality  lines,  are  durable  and  eco¬ 
nomical  to  maintain, 

JOHNSTON  machines  have  been  used  on  two  hemispheres  for  over 
half  a  century.  They  have  won  the  farmer’s  confidence  and  are  keeping 
that  confidence.  A  wonderful  record. 

The  JOHNSTON  line  includes  Grain  Binders,  Heaters, 

1911  catalog  ~  Corn  Binders,  Mowers,  Rakes,  Tedders,  Manure  Spreaders, 

String  and  Stike  Tooth  Harrows,  Side-Delivery  Rakes,  Hay 
Loaders,  Disc  and  Orchard  Harrows,  and  Land  Rollers, 

If  you  are  interested  in  getting  a  machine  that  will  give  yon  many  years  of 
good,  faithful  work,  buy  a  JOHNSTON — and  be  sure  of  results.  Send  for  onr 
new  1911  Catalog,  which  is  profusely  illustrated  and  goes  into  detail  about  JOHNSTON  Quality 
machines.  We  also  issue  a  separate  book  on  each  machine.  All  literature  sent  free. 

ADDRESS  BOX  100-B 

THE  JOHNSTON  HARVESTER  CO..  Batavia  N.  Y.1 


LEATHER  TOP 

RUBBER  SHOE 

For  Farmers,  Lomtermon  and  Sportsmen. 

Yon  can’t  find  a  better 
protection  from  snow  and 
Wet  than  the  Manitoba 
Boft  leather  top  rubber 
•hoe.  After  a  trial  you 
Will  never  be  satisfied  to 
wear  heavy  felt  boots. 
They  are  neat,  close  fit¬ 
ting  and  light  in  weight. 

Made  in  all  height  s  from 
8  to  16  inches.  Will  out¬ 
wear  any  high  rubber 
shoe  or  pac  that  you  ever 
Saw.  The  Top  is  of  a  solt, 
,  liable,  durable  and  pract- 
cally  waterproof  leather 
known  as  Special  Chrome. 
Beware  of  cheap 
imitations  made  of 
split  leather.  Such 
shoes  will  wet 
through  quickly. 
The  tops  are  fitted 
with  Copper  Klon- 
yeieta  ana  Rawhide  Laces. 

The  Over  Is  made  of  the  purest  Rubber.  There 
are  two  distinct  vamps  of  heavy  duck  willi  layers  of 
rubber  between,  fastened  together  under  great 
pressure. 

The  Solo  is  made  to  stand  the  hardest  wear.  The 
Manitoba  Is  an  honest  made  Shoe  that  will  give  hon¬ 
est  wear,  because  the  right  kind  of  material  and 
^workmanship  is  pnt  into  it. 

When  you  want  any  high  grade, 
satisfactory  rubber  boot  or  shoe  ask 
for  the  Beacon  Fulls  Rrun d,  made 
by  a  company  that  Is  “not  la  a 
trust.”  illustrated  Booklet  free. 

The  Beacon  Falls  Rubber  Shoe  Co. 

New  York  Chicago  Boston 


Trade  Mark 
Look  for  the 
Cros* 


AGENTS  $3  a  Day 

NEW  PATENTED  LOCKSTITCH 


NEW  PATENTED  LOCKSTITCH 
AWL  **30-- 


Sews  Shoes,  _ ^ 

Harness,  Buggy  Tops,  Canvas,  Grain  _ 

Bags,  Anything.  Soils  at  sight.  Astonishing  low^rice  to 
agents  Big  profits.  To  show  it  moans  a  sale.  Wo  want  a  few 
good,  livo  hustlers  in  each  county.  Splendid  opportunity  to 
make  big  money.  No  experience  needed.  Write  quick- 
now — for  terms.  A  postal  will  do.  Send  no  money. 

A.  MATHEWS,  6065  Wayne  Street,  DAYTON,  OHIO 


Agents— Salesmen 

Why  not  handle  a  good  article  which 
quickly  sells  by  demonstration  to 
Farmers,  Teamsters,  Factories.  Mines. 
Mills,  and  others. 

Kara  840  weekly  selling  the  Auto- 
malic  Combination  Tool,  the  beat  of 
the  kind  In  the  world.  Finely  finished 
and  fully  guaranteed.  For  stretching 
all  Fencing,  Fulling  Posts,  Lilting  nil 
loads.  Also  used  as  wrench,  press. clamp, 
©tc.  Weight  44  llm. — lifts  or  pulls  3  lens. 

No  experience  neecssary.  Free  sales- 
rnenship  lessons.  Bend  a  card  today  and 
get  our  special  Free  10  day  trial  offer. 
Namecounty  where  you  reside. 

Automatic  Jack  Company, 

107  Main  Street,  Bloomfield,  Ind. 


LIME 


Hydrated,  Powdered,  iu  bags,  for  fer¬ 
tilizing  and  spraying.  Works  near 
Albany.  Hudson  River  Lime  Co., 
428  East  2Ctli  Street,  Brooklyn,  X  Y. 


The  Man  Behind  the  Plow 
Wants  a  Good  Fertilizer 

For  the  land’s  sake 
give  him  BOWKER’S 

Plowing-  is  hard  work.  Don’t  afterward  lose  its 
benefits  by  using  a  poor  fertilizer.  Since  good  hard 
labor  is  necessary  to  get  the  land  ready,  it  would  be 
a  pity  to  have  the  crop  fail  to  yield  its  best  at  harvest 
time  through  any  lack  of  fertility. 

Forty  years  of  experience,  prompt  service,  the 
best  materials,  the  best  facilities  are  behind  every 
bag  of  Bowker’s  Fertilizer.  We  have  a  brand  to  fit 
every  crop  and  every  pocket  book. 

We  want  agents  wherever  we  are  not  now  represented. 
Write  today  for  prices  and  terms;  this  may  mean  a  good 
business  for  you  if  you  act  at  once. 

Write  anyhow  for  our  illustrated  catalogue  and  calendar. 

We  want  you  to  know  Bowker’s  before  you  buy  your  spring 
fertilizer. 

RHWKFP  FERTILIZER  COMPANY, 
jDVJYV  TV  Hi  IV  77  Lyman  St.,  Buffalo,  N.Y. 

Original  and  largest  manufacturers  of  special  fertilizers. 


ais 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


February  18, 


FOUNDATION  FOR  WOODEN  SILO. 

S.  I’.,  Colchester,  Conn. — I  wish  to  put 
up  a  wooden  silo  14  by  32  feet,  the  founda¬ 
tion  to  be  about  10  feet  in  the  ground.  The 
wall  of'  the  barn  is  stone  and  at  times  is 
wet.  For  this  reason  I  fear  that  if  I  should 
make  the  silo  foundation  of  stone,  it  might 
also  be  found  wet  on  the  inside  of  the 
silo  wall,  which  would  admit  air  and  would 
spoil  the  silage.  Please  advise  me  as  to 
this  matter.  If  I  should  put  the  staves  of 
the  silo  on  the  foundation  about  one  foot 
from  the  inside  edge  would  the  silage  settle 
at  this  point  so  as  to  make  good  silage? 

Axs. — It  is  not  quite  clear  from  this 
statement  whether  the  moisture  which 
appears  at  times  on  the  walls  -  of  the 
basement  of  the  barn  is  seepage  water 
that  comes  through  from  the  soil  in  wet 
periods,  or  whether  it  may  be  dampness 
that  results  from  insufficient  ventilation. 
If  the  trouble  is  seepage  water  it  would 
be  well  to  lay  the  wall  up  in  cement 
mortar,  or  make  it  of  concrete  with 
large  stone  bedded  in  it.  When  plas¬ 
tered  on  the  inside  and  the  bottom  of 
the  silo  cemented,  as  it  should  be,  it 
would  be  essentially  waterproof  and 
air  tight.  There  would  be  no  danger  of 
injury  from  the  entering  of  air  through 
the  wall,  the  only  question  being  whether 
there  would  be  sufficient  seepage  water 
to  collect  and  stand  in  the  bottom  of 
the  silo,  injuring  the  silage  in  this  way. 
If  desired,  there  is  no  serious  objection 
to  beveling  the  wall  on  the  inside,  back 
six  or  eight  inches,  allowing  the  upper 
portion  of  the  silo  to  stand  near  the 
outer  edge  of  the  wall.  Many  silos  are 
constructed  in  this  way  with  no  danger 
of  injury  from  lack  of  settling.  Many 
prefer  to  make  the  level  on  the  outside 
of  the  wall  and,  wherever  this  is  of  con¬ 
crete,  there  is  no  danger  of  injury  to 
the  wall  from  the  penetration  of  mois¬ 
ture  and  freezing,  as  there  might  be  with 
an  ordinary  lime-mortar  wall.  If  the 
silo  wall  is  laid  up  in  lime  mortar  it 
must  of  course  be  finished  on  the  in¬ 
side  with  a  heavy  coat  of  rich  cement,  to 
make  it  air-tight.  If  there  is  trouble 
from  seepage  water  the  danger  is  that 
the  mortar  might  be  crowded  off  by  the 
water  pressure.  F.  h.  icing. 


WAIT  FOR  THE  HENS- 

Our  hens'  combs  are  ashy  in  color  and 
their  legs  .somewhat  bloodless  as  to  looks, 
and  they  do  not  lay  except  an  occasional 
egg.  Seem  to  eat  all  right.  We  give  them 
dry  mash,  whole  corn,  oats  and  wheat,  mak¬ 
ing  them  scratch  for  their  grain,  besides 
grit  and  oyster  shells;  cabbage  or  apples  for 
green  stuff;  water  fresh  two  or  three  times 
■a  day,  warmed  in  the  cold  weather;  meat 
scraps.  Our  hens’  legs  were  clean,  but  we 
•  had  some -liens  sent  us  that  were  put  with 
•ours;  those  sent  had  scaly  legs  so  that  our 
own  are  getting  a  trifle  scaly,  though  wo 
are  lighting  it  with  kerosene  and  liusei  d 
oil  mixture  on  legs  and  kerosene  on  roosts. 
We  are  feeding  same  as  when  hens  laid 
well.  j.  e.  p. 

So.  Framingham,  Mass. 

Probably  these  hens  laid  in  the  Fall 
and  did  not  molt  until  late.  The  “ashy 
hue”  of  the  comb  is  quite  common  in 
old  lieus  during  the  molting  season,  and 
for  quite  a  period  after.  It  takes  about 
three  months  on  an  average  for  hens  to 
molt  and  get  the  new  set  of  feathers, 
and  during  this  time  the  fowls  act 
dumpy,  sit  around  in  corners,  and  act 
spiritless  and  dejected.  Where  the 
molting. takes  place  in  cold  weather,  the 
liens  must  be  decidedly  uncomfortable, 
and  that  alone  is  fatal  to  good  laying. 
The  laying  hen  must,  in  addition  to 
being  well  fed,  be  contented,  happy, 
pleased  with  her  surroundings,  and  com¬ 
fortable.  J.  E.  P.  does  not  state  what 
breed  of  liens  he  has,  or  whether  they 
are  young  or  old,  or  what  amount  of 
the  different  kinds  of  grain  are  fed.  So 
it  is  impossible  to  tell  whether  they  are 
underfed  or  not.  But  I  think  it  safe  to 
assume  that  the  man  who  takes  the 
trouble  to  warm  the  water  for  his  liens 
to  drink  will  give  them  plenty  of  food 
to  eat.  Probably  in  a  month  or  six 
weeks  most  of  them  will  be  laying 
again.  It  is  no  unusual  thing  for  hens 
to  stop  laying  at  the  beginning  of  Win¬ 
ter,  especially  if  they  are  late  in  molt¬ 


ing,  and  not  lay  again  until  Spring. 
That  is  the  reason  eggs  are  so  scarce 
and  high  priced  in  Winter.  Poultrymen 
have  long  ago  found  out  that  the  only 
way  to  get  eggs  in  Winter  is  to  hatch 
pullets  early  enough  so  that  they  will 
begin  laying  in  October  or  November, 
and  then  by  proper  feeding  and  housing 
to  keep  them  at  it.  I  have  30  R.  I.  Reds 
that  last  Winter  when  pullets  gave  me 
16  to  20  eggs  a  day ;  this  Winter,  as 
year-old  liens,  they  have  not  laid  over 
six  eggs  any  day.  But  I  am  not  dis¬ 
turbed  ;  after  their  Winter  rest  I  shall 
expect  stronger  eggs  for  setting  in  the 
Spring  than  if  they  had  laid  well  all 
Winter.  Many  of  my  White  Wyandotte 
hens  “have  combs  ashy  in  hue,”  and  are 
not  expected  to  lay  until  Spring,  and 
the  same  thing  applies  to  them. 

GEO.  A.  COSGROVE. 


SKUNK  FARMS  ILLEGAL. 

On  page  1203,  December  31,  in  an¬ 
swer  to  R.  W.  K.,  you  state  that  there 
is  no  general  law  on  keeping  skunks! 
I  enclose  clipping  from  the  “Argus,” 
Albany,  of  December  29,  showing  that 
it  is  unlawful  to  keep  skunks  in  New 
York  State  between  March  31  and  No¬ 
vember  1. 

Agents  of  the  State  Forest,  Fish  and 
(lame  Department,  it  was  announced  yes¬ 
terday,  have  just  nipped  in  the  hud  a 
thriving  industry  in  skunk  furs  which  was 
undertaken,  by  an  enterprising  farmer’s 
family  at  Canaan,  Columbia  County.  Re¬ 
ports  came  to  the  State  Department  re¬ 
cently  from  Cyro  E.  Cadalso,  a  special 
game  protector,  that  he  had  discovered  a 
violation  of  the  game  laws  in  the  pos¬ 
session  of  skunks  in  the  close  season  by  a 
family  of  farmers  in  Columbia  County.  The 
matter  was  turned  over  to  Game  I’rotec- 
tor  James  A.  Colloton,  of  Albany,  who 
went  over  to  Canaan  to  the  farm  pointed 
out  by  Cadalso  and  found  there  .Tesse 
Goodrich  with  a  pen  filled  with  2i>  skunks. 
Goodrich  admitted  to-  Colloton  that  he  and 
his  son  had  been  gathering  the  skunks  and 
fattening  them  up  in  order  to  kill  them 
later  for  their  skins.  The  open  season  for 
skunks  is  only  from  November  1  to  March 
15,  and  Colloton's  visit  to  Goodrich  was 
made  about  the  mitldle  of  October.  Skunk 
skins  of  considerable  value  were  found, 
and  it  was  determined  that  Goodrich  must 
be  shown  that  he  could  not  arbitrarily 
violate  the  law.  Goodrich  was  brought  to 
Albany  and  then  offered  to  make  a  settle¬ 
ment  to  avoid  prosecution.  Chief  Protector 
Leggo  agreed  to  compromise  the  case  and 
Goodrich  paid  the  State  a  line  of  8100  and 
agreed  to  keep  out  of  the  skunk  industry 
hereafter  in  the  closed  season. 

Gansevoort,  N.  Y.  \v.  A.  o. 

Under  such  a  decision  the  business 
of  skunk  farming  in  New  York  will  be 
worse  off  than  ever.  In  order  to  obtain 
the  exact  facts  we  wrote  the  Forest, 
Fish  and  Game  Commission  and  re¬ 
ceived  the  following  reply: 

Mr.  Goodrich,  of  Columbia  County,  paid 
8100  for  possessing  skunks  during  the 
close  season.  Section  84  provides  that  the 
open  season  on  skunks  is  from  November  1 
to  March  15,  both  inclusive,  and  that  they 
shall  not  be  possessed  or  killed  at  any  other 
time.  It  was  proven  that  Mr.  Goodrich 
possessed  skunks  during  the  close  season ; 
therefore  ho  made  a  settlement  with  the 
Forest,  Fish  and  Game  Commission  as 
stat<  d  above.  The  department  is  in  receipt 
of  a  great  many  requests  from  people  ask¬ 
ing  permission  allowing  them  to  start  a 
skunk  farm,  but  you  can  readily  see  that 
Section  84  prohibits  the  possession  of 
skunks  during  a  certain  period  of  the 
year,  and  it  is  not  within  the  jurisdiction 
of  the  Forst,  Fish  and  Game  .Department 
to  grant  permission  for  the  possession  of 
skunks  during  that  period. 

LLEWELLYN  LEOG$. 

Chief  Game  Protector. 


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I*.  NT.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 


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You  consider  and  compare  from  large  photo¬ 
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Dept,  I4|  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


CULTIVATE  OFTEN 

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shallow  or  deep  as  the  crop 
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think  wc  have  ns  good  a  line 
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need  to  choose  from.  SyLcY 

BOH  ACE  RIDING  CULTIVATORS 

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Box  1027  GRENLOCH.N.  J. 


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■■ 


1911. 


219 


THE  RURAL.  NEW-YORKER 


THOSE  $9  JERSEY  HENS. 

W.  J.  Dougan  Tells  It. 

The  hatching  at  this  farm  is  done  en- 
tirelj-  by  incubators,  there  being  four  of 
varying  capacity.  The  brooding  is  done 
with  the  heatless  “system,”  except  dur¬ 
ing  the  cold  weather,  when  we  use  some 
of  our  own  ideas.  During  cold  weather 
we  set  hens  about  the  second  week  the 
eggs  are  in  the  incubator,  and  when  the 
chicks  hatch  we  put  them  with  the  hens, 
as  many  as  30  to  a  hen.  That  saves 
four-fifths  of  the  work  during  the  day, 
and  at  night  we  take  the  chicks  from  the 
hen  and  put  them  in  the  brooder,  as 
they  are  better  there  than  so  many  un¬ 
der  hen.  We  leave  four  or  five  with 
the  hen.  We  count  on  30  chicks  for 
each  brooder,  as  we  use  outdoor  brood¬ 
ers  entirely  Summer  and  Winter. 

After  placing  the  chicks  in  the 
brooder  we  start  in  and  violate  every 
rule  in  the  book.  They  all  say  not  to 
feed  for  24  to  36  hours  after  hatching, 
but  we  think  no  rule  will  cover  the  case 
as  the  strong,  or  extra  strong  ones,  will 
seek  food  long  before  the  weakling,  and 
also  think  that  they  both  know  when 
they  need  food  fully  as  well  as  we  do. 
The  strong  one  will  want  it  first,  but 
the  weak  one  will  not  be  benefited  by 
waiting.  We  give  first  feed  of  eggs, 
boiled  hard,  and  cut  with  bread  crumbs, 
from  eight  to  12  hours  after  hatching, 
provided  we  have  any  eggs  that  were 
tested  out  of  machines.  If  we  have 
none  of  those  the  chicks  must  do  just 
as  our  family  does  while  eggs  are  high — 
go  without.  If  no  eggs  and  crumbs  we 
make  “johnny  cake”  as  follows  t  One 
quart  cornmeal,  one  quart  wheat  mid¬ 
dlings,  one  pint  animal  meal,  one  heap¬ 
ing  teaspoonful  of  baking  soda  and  a 
little  salt  and  pepper,  then  bake  in  mod¬ 
erate  oven.  The  chicks  will  leave  every¬ 
thing  for  that.  Crumble  that  in  the 
brooder  and  see  the  scrambling.  After 
three  days  we  put  in  a  box  of  dry  bran 
and  keep  bran  before  them  until  they 
go  to  market.  We  then  sift  the  cracked 
corn  through  a  homemade  sieve  of  mos¬ 
quito  wire  netting  and  after  that  follow 
with  wheat  screenings  as  soon  as  old 
enough.  We  use  little  chick  food,  as  it 
is  so  expensive.  Of  course  the  big  fel¬ 


lows'  catalogues  will  tell  you  the  chicks 
will  die  without  their  brand  of  food — 
but  don't  you  believe  all  you  read.  We 
put  in  a  box  of  chick  grit,  and  plenty  of 
water.  During  the  warm  months  we 
give  sprouted  oats,  as  they  make  an  ex¬ 
cellent  feed.  I  don’t  describe  method  of 
sprouting,  as  I  think  everyone  knows 
how  by  this  time. 

We  have  covered  runs  to  attach  to  the 
brooders,  which  will  give  each  30  chicks 
outside  run  of  36  square  feet,  it  being 
12x3  feet.  Each  side  is  12x1  foot,  one 
inch  wire  with  end  piece  3x1  foot,  the 
other  end  against  the  brooder.  Two 
hooks  hold  it  together.  Usually  at  five 
to  six  weeks  we  remove  chicks  from 
brooders  to  colony  houses.  The  colony 
houses  we  place  near  some  tree,  and 
erect  fence  about  it ;  we  have  portable 
netting  fence,  made  of  shingle  strips 
(2x1  inch)  with  the  wire  between  them, 
and  drawn  taut;  each  section  is  12x5 
feet,  and  is  convenient  enough  to  cause 
anyone  to  spend  the  time  to  make  them. 
We  first  put  60  to  75  or  80  chicks  in 
each  house,  and  as  they  grow  we  sort 
out  the  cockerels  and  send  them  to  mar¬ 
ket  at  about  1)4  to  two  pounds.  While 
sorting  them,  if  we  see  one  which  looks 
more  promising  than  the  others,  or  better 
built,  we  put  that  aside  to  hold  for  fur¬ 
ther  development;  sometimes  they  im¬ 
prove,  other  times  they  don’t.  The 
houses  are  so  made  that  two  men  tip 
them  up  on  edge  and  put  a  sled  under 
them  to  move  them  about.  We  never 
crowd,  if  possible  to  avoid  it,  so  we 
count  on  just  as  many  for  each  house 
as  can  sit  on  two  roosts.  Free  range 
may  be  a  better  way,  but  we  know  who 
takes  a  chicken  the  other  way. 

As  soon  as  a  pullet  shows  signs  of 
maturity  we  apply  the  “system”  to  it, 
and  if  it  is  what  we  seek,  we  put  her 
into  the  big  house,  and  soon  have  a 
layer;  the  best  being  four  months  and 
five  days  this  year.  [This  “system”  is 
the  one  described  in  “The  Business 
Hen.” — Ed.]  Until  the  pullets  are  put 
in  the  laying  house  my  mother  attends 
to  all  feeding.  She  is  a  trifle  older  than 
I  am,  but  she  is  always  on  the  job  every 
day,  Summer  and  Winter  alike,  and  she 
would  not  let  me  put  brooder  cover  on 


for  fear  I  would  do  it  wrong,  so  there 
is  no  interference.  When  choosing  the 
layers  I  just  examine  the  pelvic  bones, 
and  if  they  suit  I  look  for  a  broad  back, 
about  where  the  wings*  join  the  body, 
and  then  look  for  the  body  back  of  the 
legs,  taking  those  which  are  longest.  I 
don’t  know  if  all  layers  are  the  same, 
but  with  ones  I  have  I  find  the  best  lay¬ 
ers  have  numerous  feathers  about  the 
head  that  seem  to  refuse  to  lie  smooth. 
I  said  we  used  the  “Philo  system  of 
brooding,”  but  why  we  call  it  the  Philo 
system  I  don’t  know,  unless  it  was  be¬ 
cause  we  paid  one  dollar  to  Philo.  Fif¬ 
teen  years  before  we  ever  heard  of  Philo 
we  lived  at  Lake  George,  N.  Y.,  and  had 
for  .  a  neighbor  a  man  who  knew  no 
more  than  the  law  allows.  He  was  a 
great  chicken  man,  and  used  to  raise 
them  in  boxes  without  heat;  the  only 
difference  I  see  is  the  style  of  the  box; 
one  is  finished  a  trifle  more.  We  were 
all  so  smart,  having  some  education, 
that  we  would  not  imitate  his  methods, 
as  it  would  be  like  stealing  a  baby’s 
milk.  It  was  entirely  different  when 
we  paid  our  good  money  for  the  same 
knowledge.  Then  we  knew  the  style,  or 
method,  was  worth  adopting,  so  we  now 
use  it.  I  am  not  trying  to  belittle  the 
system,  as  it  will  revolutionize  the  poul¬ 
try  business;  I  am  only  wondering  why 
we  did  not  use  it  before,  w.  j.  dougan. 


That  Hog  Pasture  Plan. 

On  page  99  is  a  question  about  raising 
pigs.  The  plan  outlined  of  turning  sows 
and  litters  into  a  wood  lot  after  settled 
weather  in  the  Spring  I  would  consider 
excellent,  and  while  they  will  get  a  goodly 
part  of  their  living  from  the  roots  and 
grasses,  your  reader  cannot  afford  to  have 
them  get  a  setback,  and  I  would  think  an 
extra  feed  of  skim-milk  and  middlings 
would  more  than  pay.  The  amount  needed 
the  feeder  can  tell  from  the  appearance  of 
the  pigs.  They  should  show  a  steady 
thrifty  growth,  and  in  feeding  a  sepa¬ 
rate  trough  for  the  little  fellows  in  which 
the  mother  could  not  get  to  should  be 
fixed.  I  have  found  that  there  is  not  a 
time  in  an  animal’s  life  that  good  care 
and  feed  count  for  as  much  as  when 
they  are  young,  and  at  no  time  will  a 
profit  be  turned  into  a  loss  as  quickly  or 
as  surely  as  then  from  a  little  lack  of 
cal-e  and  attention  to  the  little  things  that 
count.  In  this  proposition  a  few  minutes 
spent  in  looking  over  and  watching  for 


any  of  the  little  ailments  and  correcting 
them  at  once  every  day  I  would  think  the 
best  insurance.  e.  hill. 

New  York. 


It  is  reported  that  about  150,000  sheep 
are  now  being  fattened  on  field  peas  in 
Colorado. 

Cohn  Fodder. — It  is  surprising  the 
amount  of  feed  one  can  get  off  an  acre  in 
corn  fodder.  We  drilled  in  about  five  acres 
June  23  and  cut  it  with  a  binder  October 
10.  We  had  290  shocks  of  about  10  bundles 
in  each ;  then  I  bought  four  head  of  cattle, 
in  addition  to  those  we  had,  so  wo  are  feed¬ 
ing  it  and  have  manure  to  put  back  90  the 
laud.  Ilay  crop  was  light  and  the  fodder 
and  the  10  acres  of  corn  we  grew  came  in 
handy.  We  draw  out  manure  as  fast  as  we 
g“t  it;  drew  out  three  loads  this ‘morning, 
and  spread  it  around  the  peach  trees;  ex¬ 
pect  to  see  them  grow  next  Summer. 

Michigan.  j.  jpcouT. 

The  past  month  has  been  one  ef  very 
changeable  weather;  our  sleighing  has  dis¬ 
appeared  and  the  fields  of  wheat  and  grass 
are  bare.  To-day  has  been  cold  and  stormy. 
Stock  of  all  kinds  is  doing  weli  better 
than  the  price — especially  on  heavy  lambs, 
which  are  a  drug.  Hast  year  th -  y  were 
worth  eight  cents  per  pound.  Som  •  paid 
more  per  pound  last  Fall  for  feeders  than 
they  can  get  now.  Butter  and  eggs  have 
taken  a  sudden  drop.  Would  it  not  be  in 
order  to  investigate  the  cold  storage  opera¬ 
tions  a  little?  How  is  the  farmer  pro¬ 
tected  if  these  millionaires  can  thus  control 
the  markets?  There  is  a  larger  (all  for 
horses  than  a  year  ago,  and  common  west¬ 
ern  teams  are  being  sold  at  from  $400  up¬ 
ward.  Milch  cows  are  also  high,  consider¬ 
ing  the  quality.  Wheat,  90  cents:  oats,  36 
cents ;  corn,  60  cents,  barley,  80  cents ; 
veal,  8%  cents;  hay,  $15  per  ton;  Danish 
cabbage,  $6  to  $7  per  ton;  potatoes,  38 
cents  per  bushel.  e.  t.  b. 

Hopewell,  N.  Y. 

Oi.over  Silage. — Clover  silage  may  be 
made  very  successfully.  Cut  clover  in  full 
bloom;  cut  as  for  hay,  but  do  no‘  let  it 
wilt,  and  put  it  in  silo  just  as  it  comes 
from  field.  Spread  evenly  and  tramp  well. 
■But  a  few  buckets  of  water  on  ea<  h  load 
after  tramping  in  silo.  We  used  hay  rake 
to  bunch  it,  and  hay  fork  and  rope  on  a 
pole  to  elevate  into  silo,  but  carrier  and 
track  would  be  much  better  and  more  con¬ 
venient;  one  could  then  use  sling  ropes  to 
good  advantage.  Our  clover  was  estimated 
at  six  to  ten  tons  per  acre.  I  can  put  up 
five  acres  of  clover  with  less  labor  :.nd  ex¬ 
pense  than  one  acre  of  corn,  saying  nothing 
about  plowing  and  preparing  ‘the  ground, 
planting  and  cultivating  the  corn.  .1:  -mem¬ 
ber,  a  large  per  cent  of  nutriments  become 
solids  in  curing  for  hay.  and  is  tot  1 1  loss, 
so  far  as  food  value  goes,  while  loss  in  silo 
is  small.  Silage  was  fed  to  horses,  cattle 
and  hogs  very  satisfactorily. 

Ohio.  ir.  d.  williams. 


Proof  That  Proves 

The  Quaker  Oats  Co. 

Gentlemen  :  During  the  past  few 

months  1  have  fed  my  dairy  a  ration  com¬ 
posed  of  equal  parts  of  Gluten  Feed  and 
and  Distillers  Grains.  About  two  weeks 
ago  I  left  out  the  Distillers  Grains  and 
began  using  Schumacher  Feed  in  itspiaco 
and  feedingjust  the  same  amount.  In  two 
days  my  dairy  has  gained  thirty  pounds 
of  milk  per  day.  At  present  lam  getting 
as  much  425  lbs  of  milk  per  day  from  four¬ 
teen  cows.  Thirteen  of  these  cows  have 
been  milked  since  last  March  and  April. 
The  most  important  point  to  be  considered 
in  this  test  is  the  fact  that,  while  Schu¬ 
macher's  cost  me  £6.00  per  ton  less  than 
the  Distillers  Grains,  my  cows  actually 

fiained  in  milk  production  by  feeding 
t,  and  at  the  same  time  when,  as  every 
dairyman  knows,  it  is  the  tendency  for 
cows  that  have  been  milked  continuously 
as  long  as  these  have,  to  shrink. 

J.  15.  Murray,  Freedom.  N.  Y. 

Gained  62  lbs  of  Milk 
in  Three  Days 

The  Quaker  Oats  Co. 

Gentlemen:  I  was  feeding  one  bushel 
Gluten  1  bushel  Bran,  and  1  bushel  of 
Cornmeal  mixed,  (equal  parts  bulk),  when 
I  was  advised  to  feed  one  bushel  Gluten 
and  two  bushels  of  Schumacher  Stock 
Feed.  I  was  milking  IN  cows:  in  three 
days  my  cows  gained  62  pounds  of  milk. 
They  continued  to  do  fine.  I  used  up  my 
supply  of  Schumacher  and  went  after 
more  but  the  dealer  was  out.  I  bought 
bran  and  meal  and  went  back  to  my 
former  ration.  In  two  days  my  cows 
dropped  down 50 pounds  in  milk.  I  bought 
more  Schumacher  as  soon  as  I  could,  and 
am  getting  very  fine  results  again.  My 
cows  not  only  give  more  milk  but  keep  in 
better  condition.  I  have  also  fed  my 
horses  Schumacher  Feed, and  I  never  had 
them  keep  in  as  good  shape  doing  heavy 
work.  C.  B,  AMES,  Deievan.  N.  Y. 

Gets  Better  Milk  and 
More  Cream 

The  Quaker  Oats  Co. 

We  have  used  Schumacher  Feed  nearly 
five  years.  From  time  to  time  I  have 
tried  others  but  we  are  always  forced 
back  to  Schumacher  to  get  our  usual  rich, 
quality  of  milk.  The  Tack  of  cream  on 
top  of  our  bottles  is  not  only  noticeable 
to  us  but  also  the  source  of  complaint 
from  our  customers,  when  we  are  not  feed¬ 
ing  Bchumacher  Feed.  Naturally  we  can 
highly  recommend  it. 

Respectfully, 

D.  R.  Harvey,  Supt.  Willow  Brook  Farm, 
Jan.  4, 1911.  Elmira,  N.  Y. 


Read  these  actual  proofs  that  the  NEW 

SCHUMACHER 

Feeding  Plan  is  a 

Wonderful  Milk  Maker 
Wonderful  Money  Maker 

You  can’t  afford  not  to  test  it  in  face  of  these  letters. 

Here  is  the  Plan — Try  it 

You,  no  doubt,  are  feeding  high  protein  concentrates  such  as 
gluten,  cotton  seed  meal,  malt  sprouts,  oil  meal.  Blue  Ribbon  Dairy 
Feed  and  other  similar  high  protein  feeds,  etc.  If  you  will  combine 
Schumacher  Feed  with  any  of  these  in  %  to  %  the  ration,  you  will  not 

only  save  $5.00  to  $8.00  per  ton  on  your  feed,  but  get  far  better  results  in  both  milk 
and  “condition”  of  your  cows.  We  don’t  ask  you  to  take  our  word  for  this— just  read 
the  “ actual  proofs ”  in  the  letters  herewith. 

The  Reason  Schumacher  Peed  does  so  well*  is  because  it  is  the  best  complete 

_ _ _  ration  in  the  world— the  acme  of  feed-making  science.  Supplies  those 

nutrients  your  ration  lacks,  which  build  strong-  tissue  and  rich  blood— which 
nourish  the  body  and  give  the  animal  that  strength  and  vitality  so  essential 
when  she  is  under  the  strain  of  continued  milk  flow.  A  corn,  oats,  barley 
and  wheat  by-products  feed.  The  best  “balanced”  ration  you  can  use 
It  is  an  excellent  feed  for  hogs.  Get  it  at  your  dealers.  If  he 
can’t  supply  you,  write  us. 

The  Quaker  Oats  Co Chicago 


Largest  Manufacturers  of  Feed 
in  the  World 


More  Good  Proof 

The  Quaker  Oats  Co. 

Gentlemen  :  Schumacher  Feed  has 
been  a  largo  factor  iu  the  ration  we 
feed  our  herd  for  the  past  two  years. 
We  feed  one-half  Schumacher  and  one 
half  Gluten  Feed.  This  summer  our  feed 
dealer  was  out  of  Shumacher  and  we 
bought  one  ton  of  bran  to  take  its  place. 
After  feeding  this  a  few  days  we  saw  our 
cows  were  shrinking.  A  car  of  Schumach¬ 
er  arrived  after  wo  had  fed  1.600  pounds 
of  bran.  We  changed  directly  to  Schu¬ 
macher  and  inthreod.iysour  cows  gained 
a  ten-gallon  canofmilk.  Duringone  week 
Of  last  .1  une  we  milked  1.6C0  pounds  of  in  ilk 
a  day  from  forty  cows  which  you  will  note 
is  an  average  of  forty  pounds  to  the  cow. 
I  his  was  done  on  a  ration  of  Schumacher 
Feed  and  Gluten.  The  strong  argun  cut 
in  favor  of  Schumacher  Feed  is  that  it 
keeps  our  cows  in  good  flesh  while  (hey 
are  producing  milk.  Every  cow  we  have 
soldduring  the  past  yearliaspone  directly 
"°  tue  slaughter  house  and  sho  has  been 
^‘d  after  producing  a  large  flow  of  milk 
all  the  season.  Wo  consider  it  a  hard 
proposition  to  make  milk  the  yeararound 
as  we  do,  without  Schumacher  Feed. 

_  _  Yours  very  truly, 

0.  Haskell  &  Son,  Sandusky,  N.  Y. 


Schumacher  Feed  is  Also  Fine  for  All  Farm  Stock 


Milk  Always  Passes 
Inspector’s  Tests 

The  Quaker  Oats  Co. 

We  are  feeding  8ehumaeher  Feed  to  our 
herd  of  200  cows  and  find  it  gives  strength 
and  body  to  our  ration.  It  keeps  cows 
strong  and  fat,  which  is  essential  with  us 
as  wo  do  not  raise  caves,  but  sell  our  cows 
forbeef  as  soon  as;dr> .  Our  milk  is  sold 
to  East  Liberty  residents  and  is  constant¬ 
ly  subject  to  tests  as  to  purity  and  quality: 
It  always  passes  and  we  give  Schumacher 
the  credit. 

Yours  very  truly, 

Hartman  Bros., 

Pittsburg.  Pa. 

Feeds  it  to  3<DO  Cows 

The  Quaker  Oats  Co. 

.  I  mi  Fading  Schumacher  Feed  to  my 
herd  of  .100  cows  at  Braeburn  Dairv  I ,  ni 
and  shall  continue  to  doso.  It  is  just  ne 
feed  to  “balance”  our  high  protein  .n- 
centratos.  It  keeps  my  cows  fat,  str  -g 
and  always  ready  for  market.  lean  so 
feed  a  greater  quantity  of  high  pi,  -.n 
feed,  thereby  increasing  my  milk  pro-  •  >t. 
ion.  Schumacher  is  certainly  an  excel¬ 
lent  feed  for  dairymen. 

Joseph  Groves, 

Braobum,  Pa. 


aiiO 


February  18, 


The  Henyard. 


WILL  BACK  THE  HENS. 

I  do  not  think  there  is  a  shadow  of  in¬ 
sanity  shown  in  W.  J.  Dougan's  claims, 
nor  in  his  proposition,  page  118,  for  a  con¬ 
test  of  his  10  hens  versus  a  milk-producing 
cow,  to  decide  as  to  their  comparative 
money  earning  powers  for  their  owners. 
Without  any  hint  of  a  side  bet,  I  would 
take  Mr.  Dougan’s  end,  with  the  forecast 
that,  if  it  reaches  a  final  settlement,  Mr. 
Cloud  will  forfeit  his  cow.  The  money 
earning  power  of  a  dairy  cow  in  the  ordi¬ 
nary  class  are  quite  well  fixed  and  admitted; 
those  of  the  hen  are  more  unstable,  and 
less  known.  Keeping  poultry  being  oui- 
business,  we  concluded  on  February  1  a 
one-year  comparative  test  of  28  Lose  Comb 
Brown  Leghorns  and  12  Rose  Comb  Rhode 
Islands  Reds,  to  ascertain  the  relative 
money  earning-  qualities  of  the  two  breeds 
under  identical  conditions.  The  test  being 
made  for  our  personal  knowledge  for  prac¬ 
tical  purposes,  we  have  been  very  accurate 
in  keeping  our  records  and  all  figures  per¬ 
taining  thereto  were  truthful  for  our  own 
satisfaction  in  attaining  the  proposed  ob¬ 
ject  in  view.  Without  giving  comparative 
results  of  the  test,  1  furnish  such  figures 
from  it  as  demonstrate  the  possibilities  at¬ 
tained  with  hens  in  the  ordinary.  These 
figures  on  which  I  base  my  opinion  as  to 
the  probable  outcome  of  the  10  hens  and  1 
cow  contest,  resulting  from  the  12  It.  I. 
Reds.  Our  methods  for  realizing  from 
these  varied  from  Mr.  Dougan’s  proposed 
.plan,  as  outlined.  We  disposed  of  their  in¬ 
crease  in  such  different  ways  as  we  deemed 
.most  profitable,  the  bulk  of  cockerels  being 
sold  as  broilers  or  roasters  to  retailers, 
at  prices  varying  from  G5  cents  to  81  cents 
each  ;  while  a  percentage  was  sold  for 
breeders  in  December,  through  an  advertise¬ 
ment  in  The  R.-N.,  bringing  $1.50  each. 
The  females  were  ail  held  and  are  being 
carried  over,  eggs  being  our  objective.  Mr. 
Dougan's  proposes  raising  36  chicks,  so  I 
conclude  he  will  make  use  of  incubators  and 
brooders.  With  us  all  hatching  and  rearing 
of  chicks  was  entrusted  to  the  Reds,  each 
hen  being  allowed  to  incubate  and  raise 
at  least  one  brood,  and  a  number,  being 
of  that  mood,  did  double  duty,  bringing  the 
average  number  of  chicks  up  to  18  per 
hen  unit.  We  had  what  is  termed  "good 
luck”  as  to  the  fertility  and  hatchability 
of  the  eggs,  and  the  livability  of  our  chicks 
to  a  profitable  age.  Hatches  of  100  per¬ 
cent.  were  the  rule  in  most  cases,  and 
by  avoiding  diarrhoea,  gapes  and  the  ail¬ 
ments  of  chickhood,  through  eliminating 
their  causes,  our  losses  were  small,  the 
largest  percentage  of  them  being  due  to  ac¬ 
cidents,  sometimes  resulting  from  an  over¬ 
sight.  These  small  losses  are  what  have 
made  possible  the  high  earning  power  per 
hen  unit  and  caused  the  several  satisfactory 
results  obtained.  From  February  1,  1910, 
to  February  1,  1911,  the  gross  earning 

power  of  the  12  II.  I.  Reds,  counting  eggs, 
poultry  and  breeders  sold,  and  stock  on 
hand  as  inventoried  January  1,  1911,  was 
$20  per  lien  unit.  Cost  feed,  etc.,  per  hen 
unit,  $10.  Net  returns  for  labor,  $10  per 
hen  unit.  These  figures  in  round  numbers 
result  from  a  conservative  abstract  of  all 
our  records,  which  are  quite  complicated 
by  reason  of  the  object  we  sought  to  at¬ 
tain.  The  test  has  been  of  great  value  to 
us,  revealing  a  score  of  interesting  and 
even  surprising  sidelights  on  practical  poul¬ 
try  keeping.  The  system  followed  in  ob¬ 
taining  these  results  if  not  all  original  with 
us  in  its  parts,  at  least  is  all  our  own  in 
its. homogeneous  whole  and  probably  varies 
very  much  from  Mr.  Dougan's  system;  pos¬ 
sibly  his  is  a  better  one.  We  have  read, 
barring  "The  Latest  Hatch,”  about  all  the 
volumes  at  $1  per,  those  of  poultry 
"wizards,”  and  followed  none  of  their  sys¬ 
tems.  Our  system  is  a  "balanced  ration,” 
resulting  from  our  own  experiences  and  all 
we  read  with  a  good  dash  of  personal  opin¬ 
ion  and  some  occasional  try-outs.  We  have 
no  “open  fronts”  nor  "muslin  curtains;"  we 
feed  no  tankage,  no  ground  bone,  no  meat 
scraps  nor  ground  oyster  shells  nor  char¬ 
coal;  yet  we  get  results  that  we  believe 
can  make  the  earning  powers  of  the  aver¬ 
age  cow  appear  pro  rata,  very  cloudy. 

Pennsylvania.  goki  &  sox. 


IlE.N-s  OK  Cows. — The  good  wife  says  if 
Mr.  .T.  Allen  Cloud  is  not  cautious  he  will 
lose  his  tow  to  W.  J.  Dougan,  and  I  am 
of  the  same  opinion,  because  ten  hens  of 
the  quality  mentioned  by  Mr.  Dougan  could 
if  properly  handled  and  their  eggs  sold 
for  breeding  purposes,  or  tiie  chicks  hatched 
and  sold  at  40  cents  each,  as  he  says,  pay 
a  profit  of  a  boil  t  $18  per  head.  But  of 
course  to  do  this  the  hens  must  have 
quality,  either  as  exhibition  or  bred  to  lay 
stock,  therefore  must  be  far  above  the 
average  flock  of  laying  hens ;  likewise  a 
COW  that  would  produce  a  profit  equal  to 
10  of  such  hens  is  away  above  the  average 
cow  found  in  the  dairy  herds,  so  let  us 
put  the  question  this  way :  IIow  many 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


hens  such  as  are  found  on  the  average  egg 
farm  does  it  take  to  pay  a  profit  equal  to 
the  profit  paid  by  one  cow  on  the  average 
dairy  farm?  Let  us  give  the  egg  farm 
man's  side  of  the  question  as  briefly  as 
possible.  L’nder  ordinary  conditions  one 
man  can  care  for  a  flock  of  1,000  laying 
hens  and  raise  the  pullets  for  renewing  the 
flock  every  two  years.  The  hens  will  pro¬ 
duce  10  dozen  eggs  each  at  25  cents  per 
dozen  82.50  ;  cash  for  food  for  hen,  $1.25  ; 
leaving  a  profit  of  $1.25  per  head  or  $1,250 
for  the  year’s  work.  The  old  hens  sold 
each  season  will  pay  for  producing  the 
pullets  needed  to  take  their  places.  Now 
what  can  one  man  get  for  his  year’s  work 
on  a  dairy  farm?  jas.  e.  Walters,  jr. 

Virginia. 

It.  N’.-Y. — The  statement  by  Mr.  Benning¬ 
ton  on  page  129  is  a  fair  answer. 


Planer  Shavings  for  Poultry  Litter. 

On  page  110  is  mentioned  the  use  of 
planer  shavings  as  a  substitute  for  straw 
in  a  poultry  scratching  shed.  It  is  a  cheap 
material  for  the  purpose,  but  is  it  a  good 
one?  What  is  the  consensus  of  opinion  on 
the  subject.  f.  j.  h. 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

R.  N.-Y. — What  do  the  occupants  of  "The 
Henyard”  say?  We  like  those  coarse  shav¬ 
ings.  Sawdust  is  objectionable.  It  is  too 
fine,  and  the  hens  eat  too  much  of  it  in 
picking  graiu  out  of  the  litter. 


Tiie  Ilarrodsburg  Herald  gives  the  fol¬ 
lowing  information  about  hens  : 

Mr.  W.  II.  Kennedy,  a  member  of  the 
Boa i-d  of  Supervisors,  informs  us  that  he 
has  discovered  a  groat  thing,  one  that 
will  make  hens  lay  eggs  on  frigid  days. 

"If  the  man  who  owns  hens,”  says  Mr. 
Kennedy,  "will  only  wear  a  red  flannel 
shirt  whenever  working  about  them  they 
will  lay  prodigiously.  I  don't  know  why, 
but  there  is  a  psychological  something 
about  red  shirts  that  influences  hens.” 
Mr.  Kennedy  says  lie  has  tried  this  and 
it  works. 

Mating  Birds. — In  order  to  make  any 
improvement  in  our  flock  we  must  know 
the  breeding  back  of  the  birds  we  are 
selecting  as  our  breeders,  and  in  order  to 
know  their  breeding  a  record  must  be 
kept  of  each  mating,  and  when  mating  the 
birds  if  the  male  bird  is  weak  in  certain 
points  such  as  size  or  color  then  this  bird 
should  be  mated  with  females  that  are  ex¬ 
ceptionally  strong  in  those  points.  Fol¬ 
lowing  this  plan  of  breeding  we  may  rea¬ 
sonably  expect  improvement  in  our  flocks 
each  season.  First  we  select  our  best 
early-hatched  pullets,  also  a  few  choice 
yearling  liens  that  are  of  good  shape,  size 
and  color,  and  have  proved  to  be  the  best 
layers  up  to  the  present  time,  and  these 
hens  and  pulle.ts  are  mated  with  male 
birds  bred  from  our  best  mating  of  tiie  past 
season.  We  have  several  matings  each 
season  and  a  record  is  kept  of  each  mating 
so  we  can  line-breed  our  birds,  and  yet 
none  of  the  birds  are  mated  closely  akin. 
Line  breeding  is  the  only  successful  way 
of  improving  the  practical  as  well  as 
fancy  qualities  of  any  breed  of  poultry 
or  in  fact  stock  of  any  kind. 

D.  R.  HONE. 


Quickest  Poultry  Profits 
On  Smallest  Investment 


Here  is  your  chance  at  large,  sure 
poultry  profits.  Quick  results  gnar- 
anlced— proved  on  most  liberal  FREE 
TRIAL.  Greatest  bargains  ever  of¬ 
fered  because  highest  quality  made. 

Let  us  prove  it  before  you  risk  a  cent  on 
any  machine.  Start  right  and  at  our  risk. 

I  £  /\  Buys  the  Genuine 
0  V  100-Egg  Unito  Incubator  I 
mbs  100-Chick  Brooder  $3.50 

Only  $10  for  Both  Together] 

That  beats  them  all  by  S.V00  to  87.00.  You'll  say 
60  when  you  know  the  machines  and  see  re¬ 
sults.  Self-regulating — self- vent  Hating— finest 
beating  system  in  both.  Send  for  illustrated 
catalogue  showing  construction  and  giving 
full  details  of  our  plan  for  saving  you 
money  by  selling  only  goods  of  guaran¬ 
teed  quality  direct  to  users  from  10  big 
factories.  Write 
for  offer  quick. 

The  United 
Factories 
Company 
ficpt.Xiil 

Cleveland, 

Ohio. 


“  Hatching  Facts w  Free 

I  want  to  send  you  my  1911  Booklet.  Just  send  name  and 
address  on  a  postal — I’ll  mail  you  my  latest  edition  of  “ Hatching 
Facts  ’  ’ — the  most  unique — most  convincing— right -to -the- point  piece 
of  literature  ever  published  on  Incubators  and  Brooders  and  Poultry 
Raising  for  Profit.  It  gives  you  just  what  you  want — quick — tells 
you  how  to  start  right  at  least  expense.  My  Belle  City  Incubator 
won  the  World’s  Championship  last  season.  “Hatching  Facts” tells 
you  all  about  it — tells  you  of  hundreds  of  other  wonderful  hatches. 
Write  for  the  Booklet  today — or  if  in  a  hurry,  order  direct  from  this 
ad — hundreds  of  others  do.  I’ll  send  book,  too.  Anyway,  read  my 
remarkable  offer  below .  J  y,  ROHAN.  President  Belle  City  Incubator  Comoani, 

i5BTsfe140-Egg 
Incubator  Made 

*  $4.85  Buys  the  Best  Brooder 


We  Ship 
I  Quick  From 
St.  Paul 
Butf&lo 
Kansas  City 
or  Racine 


Both  Incubator  and  Brooder,  Ordered  Together,  Cost 
But  $11.50— Freight  Prepaid  (East  of  Rockies) 

Our  Belle  City  Incubator  will  hatch  more  chicks,  under 
the  came  conditions,  than  any  other  incubator,  else  your  money 
will  be  refunded.  This  I  guarantee.  It  has  double  walls  and 
dead-air  space  all  over,  copper  tank  and  boiler,  hot  water 
heat.  The  best  self-regulator,  deep  nursery,  strong  egg  tray, 

high  legs,  double  door.  “Tycos”  thermometer,  egg  tester  and  safety  lamp  Included. 

The  Belle  City  Brooder  is  the  only  brooder  having 
double  walls  and  dead-air  space.  I  guarantee  it  to  raise 
more  chicks  than  any  other  brooder  made.  Hot-water, 
top  heat,  wire  yard,  platform  and  safety  lamp. 

A  Complete  Hatching  Outfit  for  Only  $11.50 
No  machines  at  any  price  are  better— 75,000  in  use. 
Satisfaction  Guaranteed.  Write  for  book,  "Hatching 
Facts”  today,  or  send  the  price  now  and  save  waiting. 
J.  V.  ROHAN,  Pres. 

140-Chick  Brooder  Belle  City  Incubator  Co.,  Box  48 »  Racine,  Wis. 


Perfect  Equipment  is  THE  Secret  of  Our  Success! 

With  the  experience  gained  in  operating  the  largest  Poultry  Plant  in  tiie  World,  our 
knowledge  of  the  several  makes  of  incubators  is  greater  than  the  manu¬ 
facturers'.  For  the  sake  of  economy  WE 
built  an  incubator  giving  results  r  ever  secured 
by  any  other  wake,  and  we  now  offer  it  to  the 
public.  Tiie 

*  a  INTERNATIONAL 

Self-Humidifying 

INCUBATOR 


is  responsible  for  our  great  success,  and  will  give  to  the  struggling  be 
all  of  the  profits  and  none  of  the  losses.  Absolutely  automatic  in 
function,  unvariahle  temperature,  certain  moist  ure  from  the  mo¬ 
ment,  of  starting  tiie  hatch  until  nature  requires  a  cessation  in  order 
to  properly  dry  the  newly-hatched  unit  of  future. profit  so  thor¬ 
oughly  safeguarding  its  ent  rance  into  poult rydbin  as  to  guarantee 
its  livability  when  raised  under  the  very  acme  of  "Foster 
Mothers,”  the 


gi  nner 
every 


SANITARY 

HOVERS 


INTERNATIONAL 

Tli  is  Hover  makes  possible  the  tearing  of  the  maximum  of  ‘'hicks  ami  the  minimum 
of  deaths — 90r»  to  95tf  live  ami  thrive  and  grow.  Jt  is  thoonly  device  that  contains 
the  act  ire  principle  of  the  hen.  and  the  ingenuity  or  man  can  go  no  further. 

Our  best  efforts  are  centered  in  the  production  of  I  >av-<  >ul-<  'hicks  and  Hatching 
F.ggs  from  matured  stock.  No  pullets'  eggs  are  used  except  for  table 
purposes.  .. 

We  have  just  completed  our  1911  catalog  on  incubators  ami  hovers.  .*< 
also  our  stock  catalogue  on  J{niieoon»  Strain  CIIU'KS  ninl 

HATCHING  HOGS.  You  are  welcome  to  either  or  both  of  those 
catalogs.  Send  to-day. 

INTERNATIONAL  POULTRY  SALES  COMPANY 
Home  Office,  Box  285,  Brown’s  Mills-in-the-Pines,  N.  j. 

Branch,  21  Barclay  Street,  New  York  City 


WRITE  YOUR  NAME 

ON  A  POSTAL 


and  Ret  this  big  book  on  Poultry! 
Raising,  free,  post-paid.  It  tolls | 
how  successful  poultrymen  food, 
brood,  rear,  hatch  and  houso. 
Full  of  valuable  hints  and  liolps| 
you’ll  be  pleased  to  know, 

112  PAGES 

!  I; Practical  Poultry  Raising  Experiences  | 

Socrets  of 
Jothers’suc-' 
cess,  Plans 


for  Poultry  Houses. — how 
to  make  a  first-class  brood-  [  ^ 

er  out  of  a  piano  box.  Do-  ** 

scribes  the  1911  Sand  Tray 
Prairio State  Incubators. 

Prairie  State  Incubator  Co. 

406  Main  St..  Homer  City,  Pa. 


Mjmey-Making  Pointers 
On  Chickens — 

Our  Bi8  FREE 
Jf  B'V  rV,r*.  Hook,  ••l'rotlt- 
ahle  Po  u  1 1  ry 
Raising,”  now  ready.  212  big  pages. 
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largest  poultry  nlants.  Tells  bow  to  get 
hatch  after  hatch,  90%— or  better,  of 
strongest,  liveliest  chicks.  Shows  why 
It's  easy  and  sure  with 

CYPHERS  ,ncg^™f"d 

the  self-regulating,  self-ventilating, 
non-moisture,  fireproof,  insurable 
and  guaranteed  hatchers.  Write  for 
this  free  book  and  get  all  the  facts. 

Address  store  nearest  you. 

CYPHERS  INCUBATOR  CO. 

I)ept.  38  Buffalo,  N.  Y- 

Now  York  City,  Chicago,  III. 

Boston,  Mass.  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Oakland,  Calif.  2000  Selling  Aeenti. 


Poultry  the  Best  Paging 

Branch  of  Farming 


The  1911  catalog  by  Robert  II.  Essex, 
poultry  ami  incubator  expert, 
will  start  you  right.  Improved  incu¬ 
bators  and  brooders.  Read  Why 
Some  Succeed  Where  others  Phil. 

ROBERT  ESSEX  INCUBATOR  CO. 

B4  Henry  St.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


BUCKEYE#, 

50  EGG 

INCUBATQB 


6 


Simple,  self-regulating,  complete. 
Guaranteed  to  batch  every  hatchablo 
egg.  Sold  on  40  days  trial  with  money 
back  in  case  of  failure.  150,000  in  use. 
If  your  dealer  doesn’t  keep  them  write  to  us.  We’ll  send 
you  our  catalogue  and  two  books,  “  Making  Money  the 
Buckeye  Way’’  and  "51  Chicks  from  50  Eggs,”  Free. 

THE  BUCKEYE  INCUBATOR  CO.,  508  W.  Euclid  Avenue,  Springfield,  Ohio. 

Builders  of  Buckeye  Port’ablo  Poultry  Houses 
Sold  Choapor  Than  You  Can  Build  Them. 


125-EGG  WISCONSIN  INCUBATOR  $ 


AND  BROODER— BOTH  FOR 


|  Wis.  Inc.  Co.  Tolley,  N.  D. 

Dear  Sirs: — We  received  the  Incubator  and  Broodor  in  good 
I  shape,  and  to  our  surprise,  not  having  any  experience  with 
incubators,  the  first  hatch  was  94%,  the  second  was  96%  and 
the  third,  98%.  We  did  not  know  anything  about  operating 
the  machine,  but  old,  experienced  poultry  men  say  that  is  a 
grand  record. _ J.  F.  BELTZ,  Prop,  Ideal  Fa rm. _ 


If  ordered  together  we  send  both 
machines  for  $lu. 00— freight  paid 
east  of  Rockies.  Hot  water,  double 

walls,  dead  air  spaco  between,  top  has  throe  walls,  double  glass  doors,  California  Redwood,  copper  tanks,  boilers;  self-regulating 
Nursery  underneath  egg-tray.  Both  Incubator  and  Brooder  shipped  complete,  with  thermometer,  lamps,  egg-testers— all 
ready  to  use  when  you  receive  them.  Incubators  finished  in  natural  wood  showing  exactly  the  high  grade  lumber  we 
use.  If  you  will  compare  our  machines  with  others  offered  at  anywhere  near  our  price,  we  will  feel  sure  of  your  order. 
Don’t  buy  until  you  do  this — you’ll  save  money.  It  pays  to  investigate  the  *  'Wisconsin' '  before  you  buy.  Read  the  letters 
below — they  are  actual  proof  from  users,  showing  the  success  they  are  haying  with  our  machines.  This  is  th~  most  con¬ 
vincing  evidence  you  could  get.  Send  for  the  free  catalog  today  or  send  in  your  order  and  save  time.  Ask  the  publisher 
of  Farm  Journal  or  The  Commercial  and  Savings  Bank  of  Racine,  Wis.  about  our  responsibility. 

Thos.  J.  Collier,  Mgr.,  WISCONSIN  INCUBATOR  CO.  Box  118*  Racine,  Wisconsin 


All  machines 
guaranteed  for  5  years. 


Wis.  Inc.  Co.  Evansville,  Wis. 

Dear  Sirs: — We  are  well  pleased  with  the  incubator  which 
we  bought  of  you.  Wo  obtained  good  results  with  it.  From  455 
fertile  eggs  wo  got  416  chicks.  I  think  it  was  a  good  hatch.  I 
do  not  think  any  incubator  can  beat  that.  The  Wisconsin  is 
0.  K.  JOHN  DOUGLASS. 


Wis.  Inc.  Co.  Lockport,  Ill. 

Gentlemen: — I  had  good  success  with  your  incubator.  I 
got  93  chicks  from  97  eggs  and  97  chicks  from  103  eggs.  I  think 
the  Wisconsin  is  a  fine  machine.  There  may  be  others  as  good, 
but  I  don’t  think  thero  is  any  better.  1  have  neighbors  who 
will  send  for  one  this  winter.  They  are  so  well  pleased  with 
mine.  _  HECTOR  DENNISON. 


1911 


THE1  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


321 


A  MINER  AND  HIS  FARM. 

,He  Digs  Out  a  Home. 

PART  I. 

I  was  born  in  England,  of  very  poor 
parents,  in  the  year  1866,  in  Warwick¬ 
shire.  At  the  age  of  a  little  over  nine 
years  I  commenced  work  in  a  brick¬ 
yard,  12  hours  a  day  for  tenpcnce,  or 
20  cents  a  day.  At  10  years  of  age  I 
went  into  the  coal  mine,  against  father's 
and  mother’s  wishes,  because  I  could 
earn  eighteenpence  in  nine  hours,  and  it 
looked  big  to  me,  father  not  being  able 
to  work  at  all  for  many  years  before 
he  died,  having  asthma.  I  was  the 
only  boy  at  home  at  that  time,  or  ever 
after  that,  four  others  living  but  being 
at  different  parts  of  the  globe,  scarcely 
ever  even  writing.  There  were  three 
sisters  and  I  at  home  at  that  time,  so  it 
was  up  to  me  to  hustle  a  little.  Before 
I  was  13  years  of  age  I  got  the  roving 
idea  too  strongly  to  resist,  and  left  home 
among  tears,  but  I  knew  I  could  make 
more  money,  so  I  went  to  Rotheram,  in 
South  Yorkshire,  where  I  earned  four 
shillings  a  day,-  15  or  20  shillings  of 
which  I  invariably  sent  home  every  two 
weeks  until  my  sisters  got  work  in  the 
cotton  mills,  which  were  about  that  time 
shut  down  for  a  long  period.  Here  let 
me  say  that  the  worst  thing  that  hurt 
me  was  to  ask  some  one  to  write  me 
a  letter  to  send  home,  and  also  some  one 
to  read  each  one  I  would  receive,  as  I 
could  neither  read  nor  write.  I  got  tired 
of  tl’.at  and  vowed  I  would  learn,  so 
with  spelling  book  and  copy  book  I 
learned  what  little  I  know  without  the 
aid  of  any  teacher.  What  a  blessing 
learning  is!  Like  everything  else,  once 
learned  it  is  yours,  no  person  can  rob 
you  of  it.  So  time  went  on  until  I  was 
nearly  16  years  of  age.  The  roving 
spirit  had  been  gnawing  almost  a  year, 
sometimes  to  enlist  in  the  army,  some¬ 
times  to  emigrate,  so  I  came  to  this 
country  in  1882,  and  have  been  in  19 
States  since  that  time,  some  of  them  a 
dozen  times,  until  I  got  married  in  the 
Spring  of  1890  without  ever  saving  a 
dollar,  although  making  good  wages, 
sometimes  big  wages.  Being  big  and 
strong,  never  ailing  anything  at  that 
time,  I  would  pay  my  board  and  send 
whatever  I  thought  was  necessary  home, 
something  I  never  forgot  (I  am  glad  of 
that  now)  while  my  parents  lived;  then 
spent  the  rest.  After  marriage  awhile 
a  man  wakes  up.  We  set  up  house¬ 
keeping  partly  on  the  installment  plan, 
a  very  good  plan  by  the  way  when  you 
want  to  pay  two  prices  for  what  you 
get.  Before  that  was  paid  for  a  baby 
girl  came,  20  months  after  that  another, 
23  months  after  that  twin  girls,  and  so 
on  until  now  there  are  nine  girls  living 
and  one  dead,  the  oldest,  one  boy,  mak¬ 
ing  11  children  in  all,  with  only  the  old 
man  to  hustle.  So  in  1905  I  had  saved 
some'  little  money,  and  work  in  the 
mines  was  so  irregular  that  it  was  next 
to  impossible  to  make  ends  meet,  and  I 
foresaw  that  something  must  be  done. 

I  had  a  great  longing  for  a  farm,  not 
wanting  to  rent  one;  I  wanted  to  own 
one,  so  that  repairs  or  building  up  would 
be  of  interest  to  myself  or  my  family. 

It  was  a  hard  proposition  with  me  with 
my  limited  capital  and  the  family  1  had, 
but  I  decided  to  go  ahead.  I  bought  64 
acres  of  land  with  a  four-roomed  house 
and  a  small  stable,  and  moved  on  the 
9th  of  November,  1905.  I  paid  what  I 
had  and  gave  a  mortgage  of  $1,000  on 
the  place  at  six  per  cent  for  two  years. 
That,  by  the  way,  was  a  very  nice  pic¬ 
ture  to  look  at  through  the  first  Winter 
months  on  the  farm.  After  moving  here 
unknown  to  anyone  things  looked  very 
blue;  my  wife  and  children  did  not  like 
it.  I  got  work  at  the  mine  near  here 
and  went  ahead,  but  they  were  very 
lonesome  and  almost  discouraged  me. 
We  had  nothing  but  the  nine  children 
for  stock,  but  after  working  awhile  I 
bought  about  30  chickens  and  a  Jersey 
heifer  at  a  sale.  In  two  weeks  the 
heifer  came  fresh  with  a  heifer  calf, 
which  of  course  had  to  be  raised. 
Things  looked  quite  different.  I  am 
leaving  you  all  to  judge  how  much  I 
knew  about  buying  a  farm  or  farming 
it  when  I  had  one  by  giving  you  my 
previous  history,  but  I  worked  on  in  the 
mine.  In  the  Spring  I  bought  two  more 
cows  and  four  pigs,  and  more  chickens. 

Of  course  I  had  a  farm,  and  like  all 
other  farmers  I  had  to  have  lots  of 
stock,  also  a  horse,  a  dandy  at  that. 
She  would  suck  wind  through  a  goose 
quill  if  she  couldn’t  find  anything  big¬ 
ger  ;  also  buggy,  harness,  cultivators, 
'rw rows  .ar*d  several  other  things. 
That  reminds  of  the  same  bill  that  I 
>ead  and  reread  before  I  went,  for  you 
know  how  sales  go,  nine  months’  credit, 
and  what  I  have  often  thought  funny 


since,  my  note  was  never  questioned, 
for  being  handy  they  knew  I  had  bought 
a  farm.  Surely  everything  was  coming 
our  way  at  last. 

The  Spring  rains  came  through  the 
shingles  on  the  house  fast  ancr  lurious 
on  wet  days,  so  that  when  I  went  in  our 
place  inside  resembled  an  old-fashioned 
creamery,  dishpans,  crocks,  buckets  and 
almost  everything  else  was  set  to  catch 
the  drippings.  The  old  stable  was  still 
worse.  This  thoroughly  .  discouraged 
everybody  but  me.  I  never  let  on ;  no 
room  for  me  to  say  anything  then.  I 
got  shingles  and  reshingled  the  house, 
hired  a  man  to  plow  acres  for  corn 
V/2  acre  for  potatoes,  beans,  cabbage 
etc.,  and  I  planted  it,  nothing  extraor¬ 
dinary  for  a  farmer  to  do,  but  to  me 
quite  a  job.  The  potatoes  ..  got  along 
with  quite  well,  but  the  peas  and  beans 
were  a  long  time  coming  through, 
just  about  put  the  finishing  touches  on 
the  corn,  for  I  marked  out  all  the  rows 
for  everything  the  full  depth  of  the 
plow,  but  I  never  squealed  to  anyone 
at  that  time.  I  had  learned  the  ok 
adage:  “Silence  is  golden,”  but  I  leffnec 
over  fences  and  watched  when  I  saw 
other  people  sowing  and  working  theirs, 
and  what  saved  me  a  good  deal  was  I 
was  early  with  mine,  so  that  I  had  time 
to  replant,  and  I  worked  that  field  time 
and  again.  What  a  job  I  had  on  a  hill¬ 
side !  I  turned  back  long  furrows  of 
sod  in  running  my  plow  too  deep;  look 
ing  over  fences  I  saw  other  fields  nice 
and  smooth,  corn  up  in  nice  straight 
rows.  .Mine  was  very  rough  and  zigzag, 
though  I  tried  to  go  straight  as  I  could. 
Still  by  dint  of  hard  work  I  had  very 
good  corn,  over  400  bushels  of  ears. 
How  I  worked  in  cutting  that  corn, 
shocks  as  big  as  haystacks,  lugging  big 
armfuls  up  that  hillside!  I  have  often 
wondered  since  why  I  did  not  try  to 
put  it  all  in  one  shock.  My  potatoes 
did  well ;  I  sold  some  at  $1.20  a  bushel, 
and  all  I  had  to  sell  were  sold  in  July, 
90  cents  being  the  lowest  I  received  for 
any  of  them,  and  I  sold  a  good  many 
peas  and  beans.  I  put  in  four  rows 
of  each  across  a  big  field,  never  hoed 
either  peas,  beans  or  potatoes  that  year, 
and  they  did  well.  I  am  not  an  advo¬ 
cate  of  that  kino  of  fanning,  but  I  sim¬ 
ply  did  not  have  time  to  do  it,  and  had 
not  the  money  to  hire  it  done.  Please 
don’t  forget  that  all  this  time  I  was 
working  at  the  mine,  coming  home  about 
half  past  four  o'clock.  d.w. 


QUALITY 

It  is  not  the  quantity  but 
the  inherent  quality  of 

SCOTT S  EMULSION 

that  enables  it  to  perform  its 
mission.  It  is  the  one  reme¬ 
dy  universally  known  and 
used  because  of  its  ability  to 
quickly  restore  lost  strength, 
increase  weight,  and  vitalize 
the  nerve  centers. 

There  is  vitality  in  every 
drop  of 

Scott’s  Emulsion 


ALL  DRUGGISTS 


One  Animal  and  Three  Hogs 

to  an  Acre 


THIS  is  a  fair  estimate  of  the 
the  soil.  On  a  farm  of  80 


average  feeding  ability  of 
acres  the  highest  limit  of 
efficiency  is  20-acre  fields.  Large  fields  diminish  the 
earning  power  because  two  small  fields  alternated  will  furnish 
much  more  support  for  stock  than  the  same  average  in  one  big 
field.  The  fence  is  the  important  factor;  and  with  the  liber..! 
use  of  gates,  unlimited  extension  and  alternation  is  simple. 

The  steel  in  Ellwood  fence  in  specially  as  to  prevent  sagging.  The  small  a  ml 


made  from  carefully  selected  stock. 
It  is  hard,  elastic,  tough  and  springy. 
The  line  wires,  composed  of.  two  or 
more  wires  twisted  into  cables,  give 
each  individual  wire  the  shape  of  an 
elongated,  coiled  spring.  The  fence  is 
therefore  sufficiently  elastic  to  take 
care  of  expansion  and  contraction,  and 
yet  so  rigid  when  properly  stretched 


permanent  mesli  is  made  by  weavi  ; 
one  continuous  wire  throughout  i.:e 
fabric.  The  mesh  or  stay  wires  are  so 
interwoven  that  slipping  is  impossible. 
The  triangular  truss  is  the  strongest 
form  of  construction  known.  For  this 
reason.  Ellwood  fence  will  stand  the 
hardest  usage  and  still  retain 
shape. 


its 


Ellwood  Fence  is  sold  in  your  town. 


Look  for  tho 

.  .  -  Ellwood  deal¬ 

er  and  let  him  show  you  his  different  styles  offence  and  quote  you  his  low 
prices.  Get  his  expert  advice  on  yoi-.r  special  needs.  He  is  on  the  spot, 
buys  in  largre  quantities,  g-ots  the  lowest  carload  freight  rates,  demonstrates 
qnality  before  your  eyes  and  is  the  man  from  whom  you  will  get  the  most 
for  your  money. 


FRANK  BAACKES,  Vice  President  and  General  Sales  Agent 

American  Steel  &  Wire  Co. 

Chicago  New  York  Denver  Sar,  Francisco 

Send  for  copy  of  “Ellwood  Fence  Newer  ■profusely  illnstraterl,  devoted  to  theinteresls  of  farmers  and  show- 
ing  how  fence  may  be  employed  to  enhance  the  earning  power  of  a  farm.  Furnished  free  upon  application. 


HOW  THE  BEST  WIRE 
FENCE  IN  THE  WORLD 
IS  SOLD  AT  A  LOW 
PRICE. 

Proved  by  every  test  to  be 
the  strongest  and  most  dur¬ 
able  Fence  made.  Straight  to 
you  from  the  maker,  free  from 
jobber’s  and  middlemen’s  pro¬ 
fits  1  Made  from  Basic  Open- 
Hearth  Steel,  and  doubly 
strengthened  by  virtue  of  the  famous 
“Security”  knot.  .  Sold  by  us  for 
less  money  than  inferior  fencing 
owing  to  the  immensiiy  of  the  num¬ 
ber  of  orders  we  are  constantly  filling 
for  it.  We  pay  freight  on  all  orders  of 
Wire  Fence  amounting  to  $10.00  or 
over,  within  300  miles  of  Pittsburg. 
Write  for  Catalog  of  prices  and  descrip¬ 
tions  of  Wire-Fence;  also  contains  pictures 
prices  and  particulars! of  10,000  other  useful  ar¬ 
ticles.  20  to  40  per  cent,  savings  by  our 
“factory  to  yon”  system. 

MANUFACTURERS  DISTRIBUTING  CO. 
Dzjt.  H,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


DIRT 

out  of  the 

■ 


You  can*t 
“  strain”  it 
out—  kee 
it  out! 

One  milk  pail  and  only  one  will  do  it.  Milk  goes 
through  the  strainer  cloth  into  the  pail,  untainted, 
while  the  dirt  shelf  catches  all  the  dirt  from  the 
udders  and  handling  in  the 

Sterilac  Milk  Pail 

(Try  It  1  O  Days  Free). 

You  will  never  give  it  up  if  you  try  it.  The  only 
sanitary  milking  pail  that  ever  got  the  approval  of 
a'l  dairymen.  Heavy,  well  made,  the  proper 
height,  just  the  right  set,”  easy  to  pour  milk  out 
of,  easy  to  clean,  and,  above  all,  ft  keeps  milk 
pure.  Best  way  to  keep  milk  from  souring,  surest 
way  to  keen  out  of  trouble  with  Boards  of  Health 
and  Milk  Commissions.  Price  *2.50.  Ask  your 
dealer.  If  he  hasn’t  it  we  will  send  trial  pail  pre¬ 
paid.  Return  at  our  expense  if  not  satis,  actory. 

STERILAC  COMPANY,  6  Merchants  Row.  Boston,  Mass. 


EMPIRE  FENCE 

Get  tho  genuine  EMPIRE  big 
wire  fence,  direct. at  wholesale. 
Save  dealer’s  profits. 

Big  Factory,  Big 
Sales,  23  Styles 

No  traveling  salesmen,  small 
expense,  prices  low.  Every- 
guaranteed.  Free  samples  by 
ma.fl.  Prices  of  leadingscylesfrelght  pre- 
paia  to  a!}  points  north  of  the  Ohio  and 
east  of  the  Mississippi  River:— 

lnoh*«  high  Medium  Weight  Extra  hoa»j(all  No.9) 

39  23c  per  rod  37e  per  rod 

47  28c  per  rod  4lc  per  rod 

65  32c  per  rod  49c  per  rod 

Special  rates  beyond  this  territory. 

BOND  STEEL  POST  CO.,  23  E.  Mauaee  St.,  Adrian,  Mich. 


]  3i  Gents  a  Rad 

■»-  For  18-in.  14  3-4e  for  22-in.  Hog  "=■■*=*=* 
Fence;  loefor  26-Inch;  l8  3-4ts 
for  32-inch;  25c  for  a  47-lnch 
Farm  Fence.  48-inch  Poultry 
fence  28  l-2e.  Sold  on  30  days 
trial.  80  rod  spool  Ideal  Barb 
Wire  $1.45  Catalogue  free. 

KITSELMAN  BROS., 

Bo»  230  MUNCIE,  ind. 


FROST 
WIRE  FENCES 

Extra  Heavyweight  Farm  Fences.  Built  I 
for  service  and  satisfaction.  Quality 
first  consideration.  Best  material  and 
■workmanship  used  in  our  Woven  i 
Wire  or  Field  Erected  Fences.  | 
Ask  vour  denier.  FREE  catalog. 

THE  FROST  WIRE  FENCE  CO. 

Dept.  IX  Cleveland,  O. 


48  iN.™cdE 


25c 


Best  high  carbon  coile.l  steel 
wire.  Easy  to  stretch  over 
hills  and  hollows.  L  AEE 
Catalog — fences,  tools.  Buy 

from  factory  at  wholesale 
prices.  Write  today  to  Box  (57 
7^  MASON  FENCE  CO.,  LEESIU  KG,  0. 


FENCE  Mado?-~**. 

Made  of  High  Carbon  Double  Strength 
Colled  Wire.  Heavily  Galvanized  to 
prevent  rust.  Have  no  agents.  Sell  at 
factory  prices  on  30  days’  free  trial. 
We  pay  al  I  freight.  37  heights  of  farm 
and  poultry  fence.  Catalog  Free. 

COILED  SPRING  FENCE  CO. 
Box  263  Winchester,  Indiana. 


Heaviest  Fence  Made 
Heaviest  Galvanizing 
We  make  160 styles  Horse 
cattle,  sheep,  hog,  and  bull 
proof  fences  made  of  No.  9 
double  galvanized  wires 
and  absolutely  rust  proof 
Bargain  Prices: 

14  cents  per  Rod  Bp 
Poultry  and  Rabbit  Proof 
Fences,  Lawn  Pences  and 
Gates.  Send  for  Catalog 
and  Free  sample  tor  test. 
The  Brown  Fence  Ac  Wire  €0, 
Bepti  59  Cleveland,  Ohio 


wszsm** 


CYCLONE 


Fences  and  Gates  for  Farm.  Home, 
Parks  or  Cemeteries.  Increase  prop¬ 
erty  values.  Strong,  Lasting.  Hand¬ 
some.  Easily  erected— all  heights  up  to  10  tV-.-t.  Our 
catalog  and  price*  will  interest  you.  We  pay  freight. 

The  Cyclone  woven  Wire  fence  Co. 

1237.K-  56th  STREET  CLEVELAND.  OHIO 


LOW  PRICES  hand's mno  FENCE 

nW  °l  ief  ManJ  cheaper  than  wood— all  better.  For  Lawns, 

Writ6  for  Pattern  Book  and  sptvt  l  offer. 

THE  WARD  FENCE  CO..  Box  945  Dooa.ur,  Ind. 


i  auih  cr&inc  _ LAWN  FENCE 

LMBVI1  IklVUE  ;  iTBeeSoSjarvlKlL'lL  Many  Styles.  Sold  on  trial  at 

.let  ’ 


Many  designs.  Cheap  as 
wood.  82  pa,*e  Catalogue 
free.  Special  Prices  to 
Churches  and  Cemeteries, 
oiled  Spring  Fence  Co* 
Be*  314  W  incheater.  Ind. 


factor*1 

Ini*® 


rat 


I  at 

wholesale  prices.  Srvs  20 
to  30  per  cent.  Ill  :.-trated 
Catalogue  free.  Write  today. 

KITSELMAN  BROS. 

Bo.-:  440  Muncie,  Indiari. 


say 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 


February  18, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 

During  January  we  have  received  74 
accounts  for  collection  through  this  de¬ 
partment,  amounting  to  more  than 
$2,000.  During  the  month  we  collected 
50  accounts,  aggregating  $1,409.60,  and 
answered  216  inquiries  for  ratings  on 
houses  with  which  farmers  do  business. 
Nearly  one-half  the  accounts  received 
during  January  were  settled  the  same 
month. 

Frank  Chase,  the  contractor  for  the 
Pinellas  chapter  house  of  the  American 
Woman's  League,  has  stopped  work  be¬ 
cause  of  the  failure  of  the  St.  Louis  officers 
to  pay  according  to  contract.  The  con¬ 
tractor  was  to  be  paid  monthly,  but  he  has 
expended  $4,000  and  got  no  payment.  The 
independent,  St.  Petersburg,  Fla. 

The  intelligent  women  are  getting 
wise  to  Mr.  Lewis.  Further  reference 
to  his  schemes  on  page  211. 

The  Metropolitan  Live  Stock  Insur¬ 
ance  Company,  Syracuse,  N.  V.,  is  now 
being  liquidated  by  the  State  Insurance 
Department.  The  policies  issued  by  the 
company  have  no  value,  and  those  who 
followed  our  advice  have  saved  their 
money.  Persons  having  any  claim 
against  the  company  are-  required  to  file 
a  written  statement,  verified  by  oath, 
with  Frederic  G.  Dunham,  Special  Dep¬ 
uty  Superintendent  of  Insurance,  No.  25 
Washington  Avenue,  Albany,  N.  V.,  on 
or  before  the  20th  day  of  February, 
(1911, 

I  would  suggest  that  you  warn  your 
readers  against  “promoter  stocks.”  A  num¬ 
ber  of  people  in  this  section  have  been  in¬ 
duced  to  invest  all  their  savings  in  the 
trash,  and  uo  one  knows  what  will  result 
when  they  realize  the  worthlessness  of 
their  holdings.  o.  w.  H. 

Pennsylvania. 

The  suggestion  is  good,  and  the  con¬ 
clusion  correct,  hut  we  have  been  warn¬ 
ing.  people  right  along  against  -such 
stocks.  Our  old  subscribers  are  im- 
tmune ;  but  the  new  people  coming  along 
from  time  to  time  have  sad  experience 
to  relate.  Write  your  local  papers  and 
others  that  you  take  and  insist  that  they 
show  up  such  fakes.  If  they  did  so 
generally  the  “promoters”  would  have 
lean  picking. 

I  have  had  in  mind  offering  a  suggestion 
for  some  time.  Would  it  not  be  practic¬ 
able  and  valuable  to  put  the  Publisher's 
Desk  department  in  book  form?  It  would 
need  editing  for  that  purpose,  of  course, 
'but  tb  •  point  is  it  contains  much  valuable 
'information,  and  has  for  many  years, 
liven  when  one  preserves  the  files,  how¬ 
ever,  it  is  not  readily  available.  One  can 
remember  some  detail,  a  name  or  address 
of  some  transaction,  but  it  is  not  possible 
to  find  it  readily  by  going  back  in  the  tiles. 
If  it  were  in  book  form  and  indexed,  there 
is  much  that  would  be  helpful,  especially 
about  men  and  firms  whom  it  is  well  to 
fight  shy  of — and  remember.  It  might 
make  a  worthy  premium  book  for  your 
uses.  With  all  good  wishes,  H.  M. 

New  Jersey. 

There  is  a  good  suggestion  in  the 
above ;  we  have  often  thought  of  it. 
But  there  are  some  difficulties  in  the 
plan.  If  we  can  overcome  them,  we 
may  reprint  the  matter  as  suggested. 

I  am  one  of  your  satisfied  new  sub¬ 
scribers  :  paper  “best  ever.”  I  enclose  you 
•a  postal  of  one  of  our  “parasitical"  firms 
that  are  allowed  to  use  our  mails.  For 
about  eight  months  I  have  not  heard  from 
this  G lobe  Association,  Chicago,  Ill.  ;  rea¬ 
son:  I  wrote  them  a  peppery  letter.  Still 
they  will  throw  oht  their  bait  once  more. 

Wisconsin.  W.  n. 

This  concern  has  been  under  investi¬ 
gation  by  the  postal  authorities,  and  an 
indictment  was  issued  some  time  back, 
.'and  is  probably  yet  pending.  The  De¬ 
partment  is  now  doing  good  work  in 
running  down  shady  schemes ;  but  it  is 
often  liard  to  convict  even  when  it  is 
clear  that  the  scheme  is  a  swindle.  For 
a  new  subscriber,  however,  this  friend 
is  on  his  job  all  right.  These  people 
’  try  to  make  you  think  you  get  $S0  a 
month  ;  but  what  you  really  get  is  a 
commission  on  the  privilege  of  faking 
your  neighbors  for  their  benefit. 

I  am  sending  you  herewith  “dividend 
notice"  of  the  Ware  Progress  Company  of 
Chicago.  I  have  none  of  its  shares,  but 
have  received  quite  a  number  of  letters  en¬ 
couraging  me  to  buy.  Would  like  to  know 
about  them.  i.  s. 

Pennsylvania. 

This  concern  is  located  at  Dayton,  O., 
with  apparently  a  representative  at  Chi¬ 
cago,  Ill.,  and  an  acreage  at  Americas, 
Ga.,  with  some  planting  of  fruit  trees, 
an  estimate  of  the  value  of  which  we 
have  not  been  able  to  get  with  any  de¬ 
gree  of  satisfaction.  They  also  have  a 
canning  plant.  The  real  estate  is  re¬ 
ported  to  be  mortgaged  at  $40,000.  The 
report  would  indicate  that  the  business 
is  being  well  enough  conducted,  but  we 
see  nothing  in  it  to  justify  an  invest¬ 
ment  in  its  securities  by  outsiders.  The 
company  has  an  authorized  capital  of 
$,'100,000  which,  of  coqrse,  represents 
only  the  equity  above  the  mortgage. 
How  much  would  you  give  per  share  for 
$1100,000  worth  of  stock  in  your  neigh¬ 
bor's  farm  with  a  heavy  mortgage?  A 


Georgia  farm  is  little  different.  A  pe¬ 
culiar  thing  about  the  dividend  notice  is 
the  assurances  that  the  next  dividend 
date  is  set  for  August  1,  1911.  At  the 
expiration  of  30  weeks  they  promise  a 
profit  on  the  1911  peach  crop.  It  is  to 
say  the  least  unusual  that  a  dividend 
should  be  declared  on  peaches  that  are 
yet  in  the  bud. 

A  Massachusetts  friend  recently  asked 
our  advice  about  a  10-acre  farm  garden 
proposition  at  Houston,  Texas.  He  had 
already  made  a  small  payment.  We  ad¬ 
vised  him  to  forfeit  his  payment,  and 
burn  the  contract.  He  evidently  sent 
the  letter  on  to  the  promoters,  the 
Allison-Richey  Gulf  Coast  Homes  Co., 
and  they  come  back  at  us  with  sarcasm 
enough  to  set  fire  to  a  water-soaked 
hemlock  log.  Their  contention  is  that 
the  South  has  great  agricultural  possi¬ 
bilities  ;  that  we  have  not  investigated 
their  corporation ;  and  finally  that  we 
do  not  know  as  much  about  orange  and 
fig  culture  as  paid  Government  em¬ 
ployes  who  make  a  specialty  of  the 
subject.  All  this  might  be  granted  with¬ 
out  affecting  the  merit  of  our  advice. 
The  land  promoting  companies  may  be 
trusted  to  tell  all  the  good  features  of 
the  country  they  are  promoting — we 
were  about  to  say  exploiting — but  we 
have  yet  to  find  one  of  them  who  gave 
a  fair  and  honest  statement  of  the  diffi¬ 
culties  and  drawbacks  of  the  country  to 
which  they  invite  attention.  In  this 
case,  without  any  special  information 
on  the  particular  proposition,  which  was 
clearly  stated,  our  advice  was  based  on 
the  general  principle.  No  man  can 
afford  to  buy  land  in  promoting  schemes 
until  he  has  personally  inspected  it  and 
is  prepared  to  occupy  it.  In  any  of  the 
many  land  schemes  that  we  have  inves¬ 
tigated,  a  proposed  purchaser  can  al¬ 
ways  buy  land  better  suited  to  his  pur¬ 
poses  outside  of  the  company’s  pos¬ 
session  for  less  money  than  they  charge 
per  acre.  What  protection  is  it  to  the 
distant  purchaser  that  the  company  is 
strong  financially?  His  money  may  help 
make  it  so.  Or  that  the  State  as  a  whole 
is  productive  and  prosperous?  A  10- 
acre  lot  in  such  a  State  may  not  be  an 
unmixed  blessing.  We  would  say  nay 
to  no  man  who  wished  to  establish  him¬ 
self  in  so  good  an  agricultural  State 
as  Texas ;  but  we  will  not  advise  our 
friends  to  buy  a  pig  in  a  bag. 

Do  vou  know  anything  about  the  Me- 
Knight  Itealty  Co.,  347  Fifth  avenue.  New 
York  City?  Would  money  invested  with 
them  he  a  good  investment?  It  is  claimed 
that  it  will  give  a  large  return  in  a  few 
years.  They  have  land  at  Whitestone,  and 
Flushing,  and  other  places  on  Long  Island. 

Pennsylvania.  b.  F.  Mi 

This  is  rather  a  small  company  the 
way  real  estate  companies  go,  and  it 
has  the  reputation  of  meeting  its  obli¬ 
gations,  but  it  does  not  seem  to  make 
any  definite  tabulated  statements  of  its 
financial  affairs,  so  that  estimates  of  its 
worth  are  all  that  could  be  furnished.  It 
is  said  that  they  have  organized  sev¬ 
eral  other  companies  on  Long  Island. 
These  companies  buy  up  acreages,  divide 
them  into  lots,  and  sell  the  lots.  It  is 
said  that  the  company  has  been  success¬ 
ful  along  these  lines.  That  does  not 
make  the  lots  necessarily  a  good  in¬ 
vestment  for  an  outsider.  If  you  want 
to  build  a  home  on  Long  Island  and 
the  location  suits  you,  the  location  of 
the  lots  might  wisely  be  looked  up  and 
the  prices  compared  with  other  lots 
equally  as  well  located  in  the  same 
neighborhood  and  in  other  localities. 
But  thousands  of  lots  on  Long  Island 
have  been  sold  in  the  same  way  to  in¬ 
experienced  investors.  The  companies 
make  money ;  but  the  lots  are  often 
sold  afterwards  for  taxes.  Long  Island 
is  literally  covered  with  these  tax-sale 
lots.  The  companies  usually  show  con¬ 
siderable  activity  while  the  sales  are  be¬ 
ing  made.  Streets  are  being  laid  out 
and  sidewalks  made  in  some  instances ; 
but  when  the  lots  are  sold,  the  company 
gets  out  and  repeats  the  operation  in  a 
new  field.  Then  grass  grows  in  the 
old  streets.  There  is  no  market  for 
the  lots.  Purchasers  become  discour¬ 
aged,  and  forfeit  payments,  and  the  lots 
are  sold  for  mortgage  or  taxes.  This 
is  the  history  of  numerous  transactions. 
There  is  absolutely  no  opportunity  for  a 
farmer  or  anyone  else  living  at  a  dis¬ 
tance  to  invest  in  such  lots  with  any 
reasonable  hope  of  profit.  Loss  is  the 
almost  invariable  rule.  j.  j.  D. 


INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS— Black  Langshan  Eggs  for 
I  sale.  J.  GORDON  DRAKE,  Port  Huron,  Mich. 


The  Big  White  Egg  Makers 

Rose  Comb  Black  Minorcas,  Indian  Runner  Ducks. 

The  Big  White  Birds 

Crystal  White  Orpingtons — Utilities,  Beauties. 
Year  round  layers.  Eggs  for  hatching.  Circular 
free.  F.  X.  ADAMS,  Route  1,  Orwell,  Ohio. 


American  Poultry  Plant.  Collins,  Ohio—  Kelli-:  stows 
Crystal  'V.  Orpingtons,  WyckofF  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns,  Mammoth 
White  Holland  Turkeys,  White  African  Guineas,  I urtian  Itunner 
Ducks.  Stock  i'  eggs  for  hatching.  500  choice  male  birds  for  sale. 


Free  guide  to  lighter  work. 


The  Planet  Jr  1911  illustrated  catalogue  is  a 
-  complete  guide  to  lighter  farm  work,  better 
fcX  crops,  and  more  money.  Every  farmer  and 
gardener  should  possess  it  as  soon  as  the  J 
mail  can  bring  it.  What’s  the  sense  dm  j] 
of  drudging  when  you  don’t  have  to?Xu|] 
Write  today,  and  let  this  free  book  •AM*! 
help  you  select  the  labor-saving 
implements  you  need. 

S  L  Allen  &  Co 

Bog  II07V  Phila  Pa 

No.  ll]  Planet  Jr 
Double-Wheel  Hoe, 


% 


,  i  No.  4  | 

1  Planet  Jr 
Combined 
Hill  and 
Drill  Seeder, 

W  h  e  e  1-H  o  e , 
Cultivator,  and 
Plow  is  a  real  ne¬ 
cessity  in  every  good 
»  garden.  Can  be  ad¬ 
justed  in  a  moment  to 
sow  all  garden  seeds,  hoe, 
cultivate,  weed,  ami  plow 
Unequaled  for  lightness, 
strength  and  beauty. 


has  an  important  im¬ 
provement  for  1911— a  steeli 
frame,  making  it  prac-j 
tically  indestructible. 
Adapted  to  many^ 
kinds  of  work.  i 
Pays  for  itself^ 
in  a  sin¬ 
gle  sea¬ 
son. 


X 


MAKE  HENS  LAYH 

more  eggs;  larger,  more  vigorous  chicks; 
heavier  fowls,  by  feeding  cut  bone. 

AfiJUlN’C  LATEST  MODEL 
mAnll  O  BONE  CUTTER 

cuts  fast,  easy,  fine;  never  clogs. 
Free  Trial.  No  money  in  advance.  Book  free. 

•  W.  MANN  CO. ,  Box  1 1 ,  MILFORD,  MASS.  M 


An  Incubator  and  Brooder  bar¬ 
gain  unparalleled — the  biggest 
capacity  and  highest  efficiency 
ever  sold  for  the  price.  You  get 
all  the  best  features  found  on  the 
high  priced  machines  and  in  oddi" 
you  get  an  incubator  made  from  special 
heat  and  cold  resisting  material,  with  hundreds 
of  dead  air  cells  which  prevent  absolutely,  tem¬ 
perature  changes  and  insure  perfect  hatches 
every  time.  You  are  safe  in  buying  my  Pro¬ 
gressive  Incubator,  for  my  “Buy  Back  Guaran¬ 
tee”  offers  to  buy  it  back  from  you  if  not  satis¬ 
factory  and  pay  you  8  per  cent  interest  besides. 

PROGRESSIVE  LnIrooS°r! 

rncp  Buy  right  from  this  ad,  or  if  you 
inLL  want  more  Information  send  «t 
once  for  the  “Progressive  Method ,”  it’,  free. 

G.  C.  Wheeler,  Mgr. 
PROGRESSIVE  INCUBATOR 
CO.,  Box  146 
Racine, 


FREIGHT 

PREPAID 


Try  The 

Bull  Dog  Feed  Grinder 

IO  Day's  Free 

You  can  grind  5000  DU.  of  eol>  and  corn  to 
tabic  meal  with  one  set  of  Rollers  and  Con- 
Damp  grain  can't  clog  it — nails 
't  break  it.  Has  only  2  inch  working 
leverage  which  accounts  for  light  running. 
Get  our  FREE  Catalogue  and  Samples. 

CROWN  POINT  MFG.  CO., 

204  E.  Road.  Crown  Point,  Ind. 


MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Huy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1844 
R.  MacKEI.I.AR’S  SONS  Col,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 


HOLLY  WOOD  FARM 

consisting  of  seventy-five  acres  of  high  class  poultry,  offers  a 
limited  number  of  eggs  for  hatching  from  following  varieties: 

S.  C.  Black  Orpingtons  from  first  prize  pen,  Inter¬ 
national  Show  at  Buffalo,  1911  .  .  SI  0.00  oer  15  Eggs 
S.  C.  White  Orpingtons  from  first  prize  pen,  Great 
Annual  Batavia  Show,  1910  ....  510.00  per  15  Eggs 
White  Plymouth  Rocks  from  second  prize  pen  at 
(treat  International  Show,  1910  .  .  55.00  per  15  Eggs 
White  Wyandottes,  pen  headed  hy  champion  White 
Wyandotte  cockerel  Great  International  Show, 

1910 . S5.00  per  15  Eggs 

White  Leghorns  from  liens  with  records  of  220 

eggs  per  year .  53.00  per  15  Eggs 

Our  farm  represents  twenty-five  years  of  experience 
in  producing  the  best.  All  eggs  are  guaranteed, 
and  every  patron  must  be  satisfied  or  money 
will  be  refunded.  Address  HOLLY  WOOD 
FARM,  Darien  Center,  N.  Y.,  It.  !<’.  D. 


LAKEHILL  FARM 

W.  H.  THACHKR. 

Single  and  Bose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W.  P.  Bocks 
and  Imp.  Pekin  Ducks.  Cockerels  and  Ducks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  in  any  quantity  from  $2  up. 
Chicks.  $15  per  100.  Ducklings,  $25  per  100.  Write 
for  special  prices  in  large  lots.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  of  batching  eggs  and  day  old  chicks 
and  ducklings.  Sate  delivery  guaranteed.  Satis¬ 
faction.  CAUL  W.  LLOYD,  Mgr,,  HILLSIDE, 
Westchester  County.  N.  Y. 


BUFF  WYANDOTTES  £S„Uof 

15.  LAWRENCE  ESSELSTYN,  Clnverack,  N.  Y. 


q  n  EGGS  $1.00 — leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
L  U  try.  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Large  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 


THE  FARMER'S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  P.eds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 

WHITE  WYANDOTTES  and  Indian  "Genuine  Fawn”  Runner 
Ducks.  Grand  Win  a>id  Lay  Strains.  Stock  and 
Eggs  at  honest  prices.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Write  0WNLAND  FARM.  Bux  497,  South  Hammond,  N.  Y. 


GRAY  African  and  Mammoth  Buff  Geese  Eggs  from  Exhi¬ 
bition  stock,  $4  for  9,  or  from  utility  stock,  $3 
for  9.  Zella  Wilson,  102  S.  7th  St.,  Zanesville,  O. 


Van  Alstyne’s  Rhode  Island  Reds 

100  S.  C.  YearlineHens  at  $2.00  each. 

50  S.  O.  surplus  Pullets  at  $2.50  each. 

10  Utility  Cockerels  at  $3.00  each. 

JAS.  J£.  VAN  ALSTYNE,  Kinderhook,  N.Y. 


Bonnie  Brae  White  Leg¬ 
horns  and  Pekin  Ducks 


ARE  BETTER 
than  ever. 
Eggs  from  our 
h  o  a  v  y  laying 
strains  now- 
ready;  also  some  choice  matings  of  Barred  and 
White  Plymouth  Rocks,  Rose  Comb  White  Leg¬ 
horns,  White  Wyandottes,  Single  and  Rose  Comb 
Rhode  Island  Reds,  Light  Brahmas,  Mammoth 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Pearl  Guinea  Fowl.  Orders 
for  early  settings  and  baby  chicks  now  booked. 
Get  some  prize  matings  at  right  prices.  BONNIE 
BRAE  POULTRY  FARM,  NEW  ROCHELLE,  N  Y.  Largest 
successful  plant  in  New  York  vicinity.  10,000-egg 
capacity.  Agents  for  Cyphers  Incubator  Company. 
Correspondence  invited. 


R9CHU&NQ  FARMS,  Frederick,  Md. 

Breeders  and  Exhibitors  of 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS, 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS, 

S.  C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS. 

WINNINGS— Madison  Square  Garden,  K.Y.,  1910— 

4th  Pen-S.  C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS. 

5th  Pen-WHITE  PLYMOUTH  RUCKS. 

Baltimore,  Md..  1911— 

1st  Pen-2d  PULLET  and  5th  CDCKEREL 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHDRNS  (three  entries). 

We  are  now  hooking  orders  for 
HATCHING  EGGS  and  DAY-OLD  CHICKS. 

We  have  for  sale  at.  moderate  prices  the  best  lot 
of  breeding  Cockerels  that  we  have  ever  offered. 

MT.  PLEASANT  FARM 

A  breeding  establishment  of  250  acres, 
devoted  to  developing  the  best 

S.  C.  W.  IiEGIIOnTNTS 

Fine  Breeding  Cockerels  at  reasonable  prices. 

MT.  PLEASANT  FARM,  Box  Y,  HAVRE  BE  GRACE,  Maryland. 

FMPIRE  STATE  S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Winners  at  X.  Y.  State  Fair.  Heavy  layers;  trios, 
$5.  Eggs  for  hatching,  $1  for  15,  $5  for  100.  Cata¬ 
logue  free.  C.  H.  ZIMMER,  Wkkdspokt,  N.  Y. 

Buff,  Wh.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Aneonas,  S.  C. It. I. Red. 
Eggs.  90c.  per  15,  $1.50  per  30.  $2.75  per  00,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  Pa. 

S.  C.  W.  Leghorn  Eggs 

perlS,  $8  perlOO.  Patapsco  Farm,  R.D.2,  Reisterstown.Md. 

OiNGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS-Hatching  eggs  from 
0  vigorous  birds  a  specialty.  Quality  kind  at 
right  prices.  Famous  Lakewood  strain. 

SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Fleiriington,  N.  J. 

Kirkup  s  Utility  Strain  SX.  White  Leghorns 

Bred  for  vigor,  size  and  large  white  market  eggs. 
Eggs  and  Baby  Chicks  for  sale.  Custom  hatching  a 
specialty.  Semi  for  circular.  Kirkup  Bros.,  Mattituck,  L.l. 

Everything  in  R.  1.  Reds. 

Stock  the  best,  prices  tho  lowest.  CHICKS  now- 
ready.  Overlook  Poultry  Farm,  Foxboro,  Mass. 

S.C.  RHODE  ISLAND  REDS  Ml 

At  The  Horseshoe  Road  Poultry  Farm  ^fces.'^Address 
WM.  R.  BURKHOLDER,  Box  152,  R.  5,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

Eggs  For  Hatching-}?,.;;;,  g;;£ 

Indian  Itunner  Ducks.  High-class  stock- 
utility.  show  or  export  SINCLAIR  SMITH,  002 
Fifth  Street.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Davis  S,  G.  Reds  ISG  COCKERELS 

$3  and  $5  each.  EGGS  FOR  HATCHING. 

BABY  CHICKS— $15  and  $20  per  100  after  March  1. 

BOOK  ORDERS  NOW.  Davis  Poultry  Farm,  Berlin,  Mass. 

COLUMBIAN  WYANDOTTES-Beauty&utility  combined. 
Splendid,  vigorous  Cockerels  and  Pens  mated.  Ad- 
jflress  Ralph  W.oodward,  Box  28,  Grafton.  Mass. 

Pmil  TPYMEN- ^end  10  cents  for  our  fine  60- 
rUULini  IVIUV  page  Illustrated  Catalogue. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS.  Marietta.  Pa. 

TA/RIGHT’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTE  WINNERS-Eggs,  $4.50 
VV  for  100.  Baby  Chicks.  $12.50  for  100;  $7.50  for  50. 
GRAND  VIEW  FARM,  StanfordviUe,  N.  Y. 

INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS— Heavy  laying  strain— $5.00 

1  per  trio.  GEO.  BOWDISH,  Esperauce,  N.  Y. 

TUC  PCI  FRRATCn  HUNGARIAN  AND  ENGLISH 
Int  fitLtDnAItU  PARTRIDGES  AND  PHEASANTS 

Wild  turkeys,  quails,  rabbits,  deer,  etc.,  for  stock¬ 
ing  purposes.  Fancy  pheasants,  peafowl,  cranes, 
swans,  storks,  ornamental  geese  and  ducks,  foxes, 
squirrels,  ferrets,  and  all  kinds  of  birds  ami  ani¬ 
mals.  WENZ  &  MACKENSEN,  Dept.  10,  Pheas- 
antry  and  Game  Park,  Yardley,  Pa. 

Mammoth  Bronze  Turkeys 

PARTRIDGE  COCHIN  Cocks  and  Cockerels  for  sale. 

T>.  S.  Hartwell.  (Stamp.) 

HEDGE  LAWN  FARM,  Washington,  Conn. 

EGGS— $4  pel-  15,  $2  per  40  of  Tlmr.  Brahmas.  Rocl.8,  Wyan- 
dottes,  Reds,  Minorca*.  Hoiidaiidj Leghorns,  Hamburg*;  19  vsr., 
2S  years’  experience.  Catalogue.  S.  IC.  Mohr,  Coopersburg,  Pa. 


1911. 


223 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  February  18,  1011 
FARM  TOPICS. 

A  Good  Job  of  Drainage . V.185,  186 

A  Discussion  of  Lime .  186 

Stone  Drains  .  186 

Alfalfa  the  Southern  "Moses''..., .  187 

The  Producer's  Dollar .  188 

Alfalfa  Seed  in  New  York .  188 

Cow  Peas  in  New  York .  188 

Cow  Peas  and  Oats .  188 

Motor  for  Small  Farm .  188 

Five  Acres  Enough .  189 

Stock  Yard  Manure .  100 

Productive  Power  of  a  Man .  3  91 

Inter-Cropping  Asparagus  .  3  02 

Fertilizer  for  Rye  and  Clover .  3  92 

Value  of  Speltz  or  Emracr .  192 

Plant  Food  in  Peat .  192 

Growing  Potatoes  Under  Mulch .  3  98 

Spring  Rye  for  Pasture .  3  94 

Agriculturists,  Farmers,  Croppers .  194 

New  Seeding  Machine  Wanted .  195 

Both  Sides  of  the  Manure  Spreader.  .  .  .  106 

Top-Dressing  Alfalfa  .  196 

Notes  on  the  Hessian  Fly .  198 

Sawdust  With  Lime .  198 

A  Farmer  on  Reciprocity .  199 

A  Champion  Potato  Digger... .  3  99 

Spraying  and  Pasture  Grass .  200 

Two  Crops  Off  High-Priced  I^xnd . 200 

Drilling  Wheat  Both  Ways . 200 

Curing  Over-Limed  Land  .  201 

Hope  Farm  Notes .  202 

Shredding  Corn  Fodder . !.!!!!!  213 

A  Miner  and  His  Farm .  221 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

That  Horse  Company  Scheme .  187 

Gambrel-Roofed  Henhouse  .  200 

Sulphur  for  Sheep  Lice .  208 

Rape  in  Canada . .  208 

Warts  on  Teats . " .  208 

Oxen  for  Work .  208 

Dishorning  Humane  . .  .  208 

Milk  Selling  and  Loss  of  Fertility....  210 

Hog  Pasture  in  Maryland . .  212 

Magic  Egg  Tester .  212 

Exercise  or  Confinement  for  Cows .  212 

Milk  .  213 

Butter  Making  ;  Grain  for  Hogs  ;  Fence 

Posts  . .  213 

Congestion  of  Udder . 213 

Ailing  Cow  .  213 

Good  Words  for  the  Short-Horn .  214 

A  Corn  Harvester  Necessary .  214 

Pasture  for  Hogs . 215 

Milk  Ration  for  Durbams .  216 

Feeding  and  Dairy  Barn .  216 

Ration  for  Jersey  Cow..... .  216 

Ration  for  Butter . 216 

Ration  for  Heifer .  216 

The  Mortality  Among  Chicks .  217 

Foundation  for  Wooden  Silo .  218 

Wait  for  the  Hens .  21 S 

Skunk  Farms  Illegal . 218 

Those  .$9  Jersey  liens .  219 

That  Hog  Pasture  Plan . .  ..  219 

Corn  Fodder .  219 

Clover  Silage . ’  . '  219 

Will  Back  the  Hens .  220 

Hens  or  Cows .  220 

Planer  Shavings  for  Poultry  Litter...!  220 

HORTICULTURE. 

What  a  Dollar  Will  Buy .  194 

Co-operative  Fruit  Growing  in  the  llud- 

A  Tomato  Grower's  Story .  190 

Fall-Bearing  Strawberries  .  191 

Is  the  San  Jose  Scale  Going .  193 

Bone  Meal  on  Berries .  193 

son  Valley  . 195 

Back  to  the  Fruit  Farm.’ . 197,  198 

Moving  I^arge  Trees . .’  198 

A  West  Virginia  Apple  Region .  290 

Blueberry  Culture  .  201 

Garden  Notes  . i .  203 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day .  206 

Sausage  and  Head  Cheese .  206 

The  Rural  Patterns .  207 

Curing  Hams  and  Bacon .  207 

Keeping  Goose  Fat  and  Ham .  207 

Carrot  Marmalade  .  207 

Removing  Black  Stain .  207 

M I SCELLA  NEOUS. 

Non-Twisting  Fence  Post .  186 

A  Rural  Carrier  on  Parcels  Post .  186 

Dogs  That  Lead .  186 

Plan  for  Recording  Articles .  194 

Editorials  .  204 

Other  People’s  Money  . 211 

Publisher’s  Desk  . 222 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
li.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee 


/zfcTONE.  BOAT  FRONTS 

///^—. - of  steel 


HUSSEY  PLOW  CO.  N. BERWICK  MB'. 


Always  Handy  on  the  Farm 


Buy  the  Head  and  Bolts  and  make  the  Drag 
yourself.  Write  for  full  information.  We 
also  sell  Drag  complete. 

HUSSEY  PLOW  CO.,  Dept.  R,  North  Berwick,  Maine 


O IV T O IV  QPTh T\— Fan cy  home-grown  stock . 
WillWll  JECJJ  Send  for  sampies  and 

prices.  J.  B.  QUIRK,  North  Madison,  Ohio. 

SEED  OATS— Long’s  Tartar  and  Read’s  Green  Moun¬ 
tain  Ijeaming  Seed  Corn.  High-class  seeds  at  low 
prices.  Samples  free.  E.  C.  Detmer,  Napoleon,  O. 

PAPFP  PHTQ- Three-inch,  $1 .25  al.000, 
A  A  W  A  O  four-inch,  *1.75  a  1,000, 

_ P-  B.  CROSBY  &  SON,  Catonsville,  Md, 

For  Snip  fhpair-NEW  shingle  machine, 

ud  L  vllldp  suitable  for  a  six  or  eight  horse 
power  engine,  J.  L.  JACKSON,  Milton,  Vt. 

Highland  View  Stock  Farm. 

Thirty-five  purebred  registered  Percheron  Stallions 
and  Mares  for  sale.  Stallions  from  $300  up,  mares 
irom  $300  up.  Address  all  correspondence  to 

O.  N.  WILSON,  Kittanning,  Pa. 

FOR  SALE  OR  EXCHANGE. 

Hackney  and  Standard  Bred  Brood  Mares,  Stal¬ 
lions  and  Fillies,  Aberdeen  Angus  cattle.  Could 
use  Percheron  mares,  mules,  automobile — new. 
^eiid  for  Catalog  of  Stock.  DELAWARE  STOCK 
FARM,  Myer  &  Son,  Prop.,  Bridgeville,  Del. 


FOR  SALE— Jewel  Hengcrveld  Butter  Boy- 

1908.  Sire,  Leah  Pauline  T)e  I\ol 


-Born  Oct,  8, 

r,  ,  — ~ - - -  —  Butter  Boy. 

Dam,  Jewel  Hengerveld  De  Kol  2d.  He  is  O.  K. 
every  way.  Must  sell — am  overstocked. 

MYRON  J.  PULIS.  Warwick,  N.  Y. 


S 


UNNY  BANK  FARM  BERKSHIRES  for  Sale.  Choice  fall 
Pigs,  both  sexes;  three  service  Boars.  A  few 
>d  Sows.  Prices  reasonable.  Registration  free. 
A.  F.  JONES,  Box  117,  Bridgeliainpton,  L.  I. 


A 


BERKSHIRE  OR  DUROC  PIG  given  for  a 
few  honrs  of  your  time.  Stamp  for  particulars. 
PENNA.  BERKSHIRE  CO.,  Fannettsburg,  Pa, 


Collie  Pups" 


i — Sable  and  white,  from  imported 
champion  stock.  Are  actual  dri¬ 
ers  at  $8  and ’$10  each.  Ira  Keller,  Prospect,  Ohio. 


fi  ANT  RRHN7F  TURKEY  eggs.  & -°o  per 

UIHni  Dnuntc  10;  Rose  Comb  R.  I.  Red 
Eggs,  $1  .00  per  15;  Indian  Runner  Duck  Eggs.  $1  00 
per  10.  SHROPSHIRE  SHEEP. 

H.  J.  VAN  DYKE,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 


fALENTINE'S  Reliable  “Indian  Runner  Duck  Book," 
'  50c.  C.  S.  Valentine,  Bos  3,  Ridgewood,  N.  J. 


S.  C.  RHODE  ISLAND  REDS. 

Eggs  from  purebred  heavy  layers  at  $1  per  15, 
S6  per  100.  Choice  matings.  S3  and  $5  per  15,' 
For  further  particulars  address 

II.  J.  SEARS,  Danvers,  Mass. 


WANTFTV~A  Partner  take  half  interest 
TT  1  in  and  manage  a  fifty-acre  fruit 

and  truck  farm  near  Glens  Falls,  N.  Y.  Address 
"RODGERS,”  care  Rural  New-Yorker. 


Wanted 


To  rent  with  privilege  of  buying, 
farm  of  about  100  acres,  with  build¬ 
ings;  principals  only.  Address  “B.,  care  R.  N.-Y. 

Wanted— Mill  Property  Particulars  a  n  d 

price  sent  to  M.  SONKUP,  Willington,  Conn. 


FDR  V  A I  °f  147  acres,  three  dwelling 

I  Uil  OHLL  houses,  two  barns,  wagon  house, 
two  sheds,-  running  water  at  house;  fruit;  water 
power;  saw  and  feed  mill;  $2,000  worth  of  timber. 
One  and  one-lialf  miles  from  railroad  and  milk 
shipping  station.  An  up-to-date  farm.  Price, 
$4,700:  $3,000  can  remain  on  mortgage  on  farm. 
Hall  s  Farm  Agency,  Owego,  Tioga  County,  N.Y. 


FARM  WANTED,  lease;  good  house,  outbuildings 


be  low  rent.  P.  O. 


_  ,  must 
ox  135,  Rochelle  Park,  N.  J. 


D  I.ICASI5  semi  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com- 
mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter, 
Higgs.  Poultry.  Pork,  Calves,  Hay,  Grain.  Beans, 
Apples,  etc.  K.  It.  WOOIMVAUP,  302  Creemvicli  St.,  N.  Y 

GEOjP.  HAMMOND.  EST.  1875.  FRANK  W.  GODWIN 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  CO., 

rie? tj  Uv.tor-  E?gs.  Cheese,  Poultry.  Mushrooms 
aua  Hot  house  Products  a  Specialty.  Consignments 

solicited.  34  <&  36  Little  18th  St„  New  York- 


FOR  SALE— Swift  FOX  HOUND  and  good  COON 
HOUND.  H.  H.  SHUPE,  Sugar  Grove,  Ohio. 

SCOTCH  COLLIES,  Pedigreed.  Best  Blood,  8  Mos. 
Beauties,  Cheap.  J.  E.  WILLM ARTH,  Amityville.N.Y. 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Hatching  eggs,  day  old  chicks. 
CLIFFORD  SCHKVVER,  Omar,  N.Y. 

Kean’s  White  Wyandottes. 

Bred  for  large  size,  heavy  laying,  vigor  and  fancy 
purposes.  Eggs,  $10  per  100.  $5  per  45,  $2  per  15. 
A  few  choice  Pullets  yet  to  seli. 

RFKANKLIN  KEAN,  STANLEY,  N.  Y. 

A/TY  R.  I.  WHITES  come  nearest  to  the  all 
■LTJL  round  fowl  of  any  breed  in  the  world.  When 
1  originated  this  breed  22 years  ago,  in  Wakefield, R. 
L,  my  aim  was  to  develop  a  breed  that  would  equal 
the  Leghorns  as  layers,  mature  early,  be  easy  to 
breed,  and  be  of  the  highest  class  dressed  poultry. 
Free  circular  that  tells  what  I  have  accomplished. 
It  also  tells  about  the  most  practical  poultry  feeder 
and  exerciser  ever  invented. 

J.  A.  JOCOY,  Towanda,  Pa.  1-3 

CLARK’S  SINGLE  COMB  REDS  won  fifty-four  ribbons 
in  1910,  including  twenty  first  prizes.  Also  the 
Rhode  Island  Red  Club  State  Cup  and  Specials 
for  shape  and  color.  Choice  stock  and  eggs  for 
sale.  Send  for  mating  list.  G.  D.  CLARK,  Brook- 
side  Poultry  Yards,  Bellows  Falls,  Vermont. 

MINISINK  POULTRY  FARM  CO. 

Single  Comb  Leghorn  Hatching  Eggs— 95$  fertility 
guaranteed  or  money  refunded— $10  per  hundred 
f.  o.  b. NORTH  WATER  GAP.  PA. 

POPK"PR'PT  C— Prize  -Winning  Breeding 
J  Stock— Black  Orpingtons 

and  Minorcas.  QUOQUETAUG  FARMS,  Old  Mystic,  Conn. 


Greider’s  Fine  Catalogue 

pf  pure  bred  poultry,  for  1911,  over  200 
pages,  57  colored  pictures  of  fowls,  calen¬ 
dar  for  each  month,  illustrations,  descrip¬ 
tions,  photos,  incubators,  brooders,  and 
all  details  concerning  the  business,  where 
and  how  to  buy  fine  poultry,  eggs  for 
hatching,  supplies,  etc.,  at  lowest  cost. 
Send  15c.  B.  H.  Greider,  Box  58 ,  Rheems,  Pa. 


Farmers  and  Poultrymen. 

You  must  not  blame  ns  if  occasionally  our  en¬ 
thusiasm  bubbles  over  when  speaking  of  our  cus¬ 
tom  hatching  department  as  carried  on  by  our 
experts  in  our  mammoth  hot  water  incubator. 
Results  are  showing  people  all  over  the  country 
that  we  know  our  business  by  saving  them  time, 
worry  and  money,  and  giving  them  stronger  chicks 
than  the  old  hen  or  kerosene  oil  fume  incubators 
ever  did.  You  send  us  the  eggs— we’ll  do  the  rest- 
do  it  right  and  send  you  the  chicks.  Write  for  in¬ 
formation  and  prices,  anyway. 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM,  Millerton,  N.Y. 


White  Holland  Turkeys 

and  Duston’s  White  Wyandotte  Chickens.  Walnut 
Hill  Stock  Farm,  N.  Bacon,  Mgr.,  Talcott,  W.  Va. 


SNOW  WHITE  WYANDOTTE  EGGS  for  hatching,  $1  per  15, 

$5  per  100  A  few  good  Cockerels.  Circular  free. 
GOLDENROD  FARM,  Dept.  R,  Stewarts  town ,  Pa. 


SHSWVS  S,  C,  W,  LEGHORN 

Breeding  Hens  at  low  price  to  make  room.  Also 
promising  Cockerels  cheap  in  quantities.  Also  K  I 
Beds.  Eggs  for  hatching.  St.  Moritz  Farm,  Ramsey,  N.j! 


Indian  Runner  Ducks* 


—Fawn  and  White, 

—  „  -  heavy  laying  strain. 

Eggs,  $1 .50  per  13;  $8.00  per  100.  F.  J.  FULLER, 
Waterport,  Orleans  County,  New  York. 

Austin’s  S-  C  R-  1  REDS-200-egg  Strain.  Eggs, 
’  $1.50  per  setting.  Prices  on  quantities 

AUSTIN  POULTRY  FARM,  Centre  IlaXm!  N  h! 

TESTED  EGGS  FOR  HATCHING 

White  Wyandottes,  Dustin  strain, 50,  $5.00;  100,  $8  00 

FRANK  HYDE,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 


Send  for 
^This  Book 


Before  You  Buy 


A  postal  will  do— write  for  it  today.  Don’t  buy  until  you 
see  the  dollars  you  can  save  in  buying  a  New  Butterfly 
Separator  direct  from  our  factory.  Read  this  letter: 

“We  arc  surprised  to  get  such  a  perfect  machine 
at  such  an  unheard  of  price.  The  women  are  in 
love  with  it — turns  so  easy — cleans  so  easy.  The 
boys  won’t  touch  the  Sharpies  and  De  Laval — the 
Butterfly  runs  so  much  easier.” 

Chas.  F.  Wey  bright,  Syracuse,  Ind. 

That’s  the  secret  of  the  success  of  the  New  Butterfly. 

It  turns  easier — cleans  easier— skims  closer  and  costs 
so  much  less.  Then,  it  is  guaranteed  longer  and  sold 
on  a  “make  good  ”  plan.  We  give  you 

130  Days’  Trial  Before  You  Pay. 

We  put  it  in  your  home— let  you  use  it  30  days  before  you  pay  us  a  cent.  If 
not  satisfactory  you  send  it  back— we  pay  all  freight  charges.  You’ll  find  it  a 
later,  far  more  modern  separator;  simpler— has  fewer  parts.  A  woman’s 
separator  In  every  sense  of  the  word.  So  easy  to  care  for— so  easy  to  turn. 

A0","!111  make  a  mistake  if  you  buy  before  investigating  the  New  Butterfly. 

Send  for  Free  Catalog  now.  GET  POSTED  BEFORE  YOU  BUY.  Address, 

lALBAUGH-DOVER  CO.,  2131  Marshall  Blvd.,  CHICAGO 


FERTILIZERS  WORTH  BUYING 

VI  e  want  a  few  more  responsible  local  agents,  men  of  good  stand- 
mg,  to  sell  in  localities  where  we  are  not  at  present  represented. 

New  England  Animal  Fertilizers 

are  made  from  Rendering  and  Packing  House  Products— Bone,  Blood, 
Meat,  etc.  They  are  made  on  the  formulas  best  suited  to  New  Eng¬ 
land  soils,  and  are  complete  and  reliable  in  every  respect. 

READ  WHAT  THIS  MAN  SAYS:  — 

“  I  shall  want  to  nearly  double  my  order  for  New  England  Super¬ 
phosphate.  .  I  have  been  using  myself  and  selling  this  particular 
brand  for  raising  corn,  and  it  has  given  the  best  of  satisfaction  all 
around.  I  used  1000  lbs.  per  acre,  and  got  about  115  bushels  of 
handsome  corn  to  the  acre.” 

H.  S.  POMEROY,  Suffield,  Conn. 

And  then  write  us  for  terms,  etc.,  if  we  have  no  local  agent  in  your 
town.  Ask  for  our  Crop  Booklet. 

NEW  ENGLAND  FERTILIZER  CO.,  Boston,  Mass. 


TheEas 


Q 


The  harder  you  work  the  Louden  Hay  Carrier  and  the 
heavier  you  load  it,  the  better  it  shows  up.  You  can’t 
break  it  down— vrars  of  hard  service  won’t  send  the 

LOUDEN  HAY  CARRIER 

to  the  repair  shop.  It  lasts  a  lifetime.  ItslockhasB 
square  catch  and  cannot  possibly  wedge  or  fail  to  work. 

The  powerful  wheel  arms  will  never  spread.  All  twist 
and  kink  are  let  out  of  the  rope  by  our  simple  patented 
ropeawivel,  the  onlv  successful  swivel  on  the  market.  Won’t  bind 
on  the  track,  has  adjustable  stops. 

The  Louden  Balance  Grapple  Fork  is  the  beat  fork  ever  built.  Will 
handle  dry  clover,  alfalfa  or  thrashed  straw  where  all  others  fail. 
The  Louden  Hay  Carrier  and  Louden  Grapple  Fork  will  work 
in  any  barn  and  handle  all  kinds  of  hay  with  more  satisfaction 
than  any  otbera.  See  them  at  your  dealer’s— if  be  does  not  have 
them,  write  ua. 

Send  for  catalog  of  complete  ham  and  cow  stable  fixtures — 

Hay  Carriers,  Door  Hangers,  Litter  and  Feed  Carriers,  Cow 
Stalls,  Cow  Stanchions  etc.— also  our  FREE  BOOK  on  the 
value  of  manure  and  how  to  care  for  it. 

LOUDEN  MACHINERY  CO., 

601  Broadway,  Fairfield,  Iowa. 


<a 


Wax 


„  t Peach  writes:  “The  Double  Action  ‘Cutaway’  i 

2i?irenA,<Lt051*  *  us,e*tln  polishing  off  my  peach  orchards  several  times 
year.  A  good  pair  of  horses  handle  it  all  right.” 

The  genuine  “Cutaway”  tools  are  used  and  endorsed  bv  suerassfni  , 

ists  from  coast  to  coast  and  bay  to  gulf  Dy  successful  orchard 

SM  ttisfif  ‘JR  site's :  *>• H» 


IITAWAV  double  action 

W  “  W¥  F\  I  ORCHARD  HARROW 

KVftTT  rtmlmr/Itcf  onrl  frniif  fyrAii'Aw  ekni.U  3 . , ... .  »  .  . 


n3VeJ7,.0rch,nrdist  3lnd  5?,!t  ?rowet;  should  have  one  or  more  of  these  labor  savers 
gatt/is'to  be’co n vi n ced  ^  positively  pay  for  themselves  in  one  season.  To  investi- 

toy  other  macdifne.'  Dmtsa  MeMn™*”  T°°LS  ^  ligtter d° butter  work  tIlu“ 
Send  today  for  new  catalog,  “ Intensive  Cultivation .”  Of  course,  it’s  free. 

CUTAWAY  HARROW  COMPANY 


839 


MAIN  STREET 


HICCANUM,  CONNECTICUT 


Hothouse  Lambs. 

Calves,  Poultry,  Fancy  Eggs,  Hothouse  Products, 
r  ruits,  vegetables.  Top  prices  secured  for  choice 
goods.  Correspondence  solicited. 

Archdeacon*  Co.,  100  Murray  St.,  N.Y. 

Boston  Produce  Go. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 


93-95  South  Market  St., 


Boston. 


Hothouse  Lambs,  Poultry.  Calves,  Fancy  Eggs 

Ship  to  W.  H.  COHEN  8  CO..  229  Washinuton  St.,  New  York. 

E£gs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  8  CO.,  Com 
mission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York 

SHIP  YOUR  CONSIGNMENTS 


GEO. 


-TO- 

OLIVER  & 


COMPANY 

Established  1850 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 
WEST  WASHINGTON  MARKET,  -:-  NEW  YGBK.  N.  Y. 
PROMPT  RETURNS 


224 


THE  RURAL*  NEW-YORKER 


February  18,  1911, 


BUY  BUILDING  MATERIAL 

at  50  Cents  on  the  Dollar! 


Quality,  Safe  Delivery  and  Satisfaction  Guaranteed  or  MONEY  BJkGK  f 

Goods  Shipped  Direct  from  Our  Mighty  Miliwork  Plant — NO  MIDDLEMEN! 

GRAND  MILLWORK  AND  SUPPLIES  CATALOG  PREL^ 


“Uncle  Sam' 
i>  Our 
Traveling 

Man 


5,000  Bargains  Ready 

Doors,  Windows,  Mouldings,  Flooring,  Frames,  Lumber,  Lath,  Shingles,  Roofing— Everything! 

We  are  selling  high-grade  guaranteed  Building  Material  of  every  description  at  50  cents  on  the  dollar.  If 
you  want  to  save  50  per  cent  of  the  prices  demanded  by  retail  dealers,  here  is  your  chance.  Simply  put 
your  name  and  address  on  the  coupon  and  “Uncle  Sam”  will  bring  you  our  Grand  Free  Catalogs  of  over 
5,000  Bargains— everything  required  to  put  up  a  new  building  or  modernize  an  old  one.  Here  in  our  great 
new  fireproof  plant,  built  of  solid  concrete,  we  carry  the  largest,  finest  stock  of  building  material  in  the  world. 

Build  That  House  or  Barn  NOW  and  Save  Money  in  Big  Chunks! 


w- _ Ilium 


'// 


A  ■ 

1 


A 

Flight 
of  Stairs 
Complete  for 


To  celebrate  the  completion  of  our  new  fireproof  plant,  we  have  started  a  sale  that  has 
startled  the  country.  So  great  are  the  price  reductions,  so  vast  and  varied  is  the  stock, 
so  wonderful  are  our  new  facilities  for  quick  shipment,  that  the  public  is  simply 
paralyzed.  If  you  are  ever  going  to  build,  if  you  are  ever  going  to  remodel  or 
repair  your  house,  barn  or  other  buildings,  if  you  are  ever  going  to  buy  Building 
Material,  now,  now,  now  is  the  accepted  time— the  supreme  opportunity  to 
save  big  money— to  make  every  dollar  go  twice  as  far  as  before.  Such  stu¬ 
pendous  bargains,  such  money-saving  offers,  such  high  quality  for  so  little 
money,  may  never,  never,  never  come  again.  Delay  may  cost  you  dearly 


i 


•H' 


Over  Half  a  Million  Customers! 

Solely  through  our  Grand  Free  Catalogs  and  the  Big  Values  offered 
therein,  we  have  built  up  a  patronage  extending  from  ocean  to  ocean. 
Over  half  a  million  satisfied,  enthusiastic,  loyal  customers  on  our  books ! 

You  can’t  put  your  finger  on  the  map  of  the  United  States  without 
locating  a  Gordon-Van  Tine  customer!  We  have  been  in  the  Building 
Material  business  since  1865.  Our  business  motto  is  the  Golden  Rule. 

Every  article  we  ship  is  guaranteed,  and  we  refund  every 
penny  and  pay  freight  both  ways  if  goods  are  not  absolutely 
satisfactory.  Three  big  banks  vouch  for  our  reliability.  See 
our  rating  in  Dun’s  and  Bradstreet’s  Commercial  Agencies. 
Ask  our  customers.  Get  the  3  Big  Free  Catalogs  and  see  prices. 


W©  Ship  Promptly.  Two 
railroad  tracks,  each  witu 
1  double  loading  platform,  ex 
tend  the  entire  length  of  our 
1  warehouses.  No  drayagre ! 


unbek 

W  $100  to  $300  ^ 


$100  to  $300 
on  Every  Carload  Shipped! 

Ask  for  our  Free  Lumber  List,  which  gives  cut 


Three 

Big  Banks  Certify 
to  Our  Reliability! 

Scott  County  Savings  Bank 
Capital  *250,000  Surplus  9 1 60,000 
Davenport,  Iowa 

To  Whom  it  May  Concern:  0 
It  gives  us  great  pleasure  to  testify  to  the 
reliability,  business  integrity  and  honesty  of 
Gordon-Van  Tine  Co.  Their  financial  responsi¬ 
bility  is  well  over  three  hundred  thousand  dollars 
($300,000.00),  and  they  enjoy  the  highest  credit 
with  western  Financial  Institutions. 

We  assure  prospective  customers  that  they 
are  perfectly  secure  in  sending  the  money  with 
their  orders,  as  we  understand  that  if  goods 
aro  not  entirely  satisfactory  they  maybe  re¬ 
turned  at  shippers’  expense  and  the  money 
will  be  promptly  refunded.  The  officers 
of  this  company  are  well  and  favorably 
known  to  us,  and  may  be  relied 
upon  to  do  exactly  os  they  agree. 

J.  II.  HASS,  Cashier. 


'll”,  II,  J1  "  \,| 

Our  prices  save  you  from  $60  to  $125  on  stairs. 


Ur 


i 


(1  ft  97  builds  this  8- room  house  complete. 

\\o  will  furnir.h  you  all  the  Lum¬ 
ber  and  Miliwork,  including  plans,  for  $098. 


buys  Lumber.  Barn  Sash  and  other 
necessary  material  for  this  burn.  See 
Plan  Book.  Wo  sell  a  tremendous 
amount  of  barn  mnterial— everything 
from  foundation  to  cupola.  Our  prices 
enable  you  to  build  burns  or  a  com¬ 
plete  set  of  farm  buildings  at  a  saving 
that  will  astonish  you.  Scud  us  list 
of  materials  for  free  estimate  or  got 
our  great  Book  of  Plans  for  Farm 
Buildings  and  see  the  big  saving  wo 
guarantee.  The  barn  shown  here  is 
only  one  of  thousands  built  from 
Gordon-Van  Tine  materials.  Build 
that  barn  NOW  and  save  money! 

Plan  Book  FREE! 

Over  SO  Designs  for  Houses,  Barns, 
Cottages,  Bungalows,  Granaries, 
Hog  Houses,  Poultry  Houses,  Etc. 

This  great  Plan  Book  wins  out  because  It 
is  practical  and  gives  the  latest  ideas  on 
farm  architecture.  Gives  complete  designs 
for  fifty  Houses,  Cottages,  Bungalows; 
Farm,  Dairy  and  Cattle  Barns;  Corn  Houses, 
Granaries,  Cattle  Sheds,  Hog  Houses, 
Wagon  Sheds,  Implement  Sheds,  Cribs, 
Automobile  Houses,  Poultry  Houses,  etc. 

Every  building  shown  has  been  actually  built  at  the  prices  stated.  The  handsome 
houses  shown  at  the  right-hand  side  of  this  page  are  taken  from  our  Plan  Book.  Note 
the  low  cost  for  lumber  and  miliwork!  The  book  is  free.  Send  1 0c  for  postage  and  mailing. 


CO  AT  A  builds  this  7-room  houso  complete, 
yf  |4  I  *t  will  furnish  all  Lumber  and  M 
including  plun9,  for  $1,022. 


We 
iliwork. 


etc.,  etc.  Our  yards 
different  railroads. 


are  connected  with  26 


Water-Proof  and  Fire-Resisting 

FLINT-COATED 


Per  Roll  of  108 
square  feet  «  • 

1- Ply,  $1-00 

2- Ply,  $1.25 

3- Ply,  $1-50 

of  feet  of  FHnt-Coated  lioofing,  made 
of  genuine  Wool  Felt,  waterproofed 
with  Asphalt,  surfaced  with  Flint  and 
Mica— at  less  than  half  regular  prices, 
for  quick  clearance.  Every  roll  guaran¬ 
teed  5,  8  or  10  years,  according  to 
weight.  Ask  for  Free  Hoofing  Catalog. 


Tl 


'  1  THIS  ENU] 
UP 

l2Sqr.2PlY|l 

Stand  on  &j 


How  to  Remodel  Old 

Uaiiaaa  at  Very  Low  Cost 
HOIISIS  for  Materials 

Our  Grand  Free  Miliwork  Catalog  gives 
valuable  ideas  for  modernizing  old  houses 
—tells  how  to  add  stairs,  porches,  mantels, 
plate  rail,  etc.,  etc.,  at  lowest  possible  cost. 
Costs  only  a  few  dollars  to  double  the 
attractiveness  of  an  old-fashioned  house. 


Estimates  FREE 

Send  List  of  Materials  Needed 
and  See  What  We  Can  Save  You 

Our  Estimating  Department  makes  no 
charge  forgiving  complete  itemized  figures 
on  material  for  any  kind  of  a  building. 
Send  list  of  materials  wanted,  or  figure  it 
out  yourself,  from  our  catalog. 


»«  eil  builds  this  7-room  house  complete,  we 
l*»  will  furnish  nil  Lumber  and  Miliwork, 
including  plans,  for  $1,057. 


Why  Pay  Two  Prices 

for  Miliwork,  Lumber,  Etc.?  dor-Id1™!  1^ 


$4  090  builds  this  beautiful  bungn 
vAjAvU  plote.  We  will  furnish  all  Lumber  and 
Miliwork.  including  plans,  for  $868. 


Buy  from  us  in  any  quantity— at  wholesale  prices — less  than  the  retail 
dealer  pays.  We  undersell  everybody  because  we  save  you  the  middle¬ 
men’s  profits.  Whether  you  buy  $5  worth  or  $5,006  worth,  you  get  our 
lowest  prices,  and  our  guarantee  of  quality.  Safe  delivery  and  satisfac¬ 
tion  or  every  dollar  refunded. 


WCIgUb.  HSh  iUi  i'ICU  AtuuuuB  vuiuivt,'  ■  ■  ' —  mm  ■■■  ■ 

Bargains  in  Mantels  Grand  Miliwork  Sale 


Colonial 
Porch  Column 


Beautiful  Mantels.  Grates 
and  Fireplace  Fittings  al¬ 
most  given  away.  You  will 
be  surprised  at  the  small  cost. 
Grand  Free  Catalog  gives  pic¬ 
tures,  prices  and  descriptic 

Porch  Miliwork 
SLASHED! 

Every  farm  home  should 
have  a  porch  — an  out¬ 
door  living  room.  Put  up 
a  porch  at  small  expense. 

See  Catalog  for  prices  on 
ail  porch  material. 


Porch 
Brackets 


to  Celebrate  Completion  of  Vast  New  Concrete  Warehouses 

These  special  prices  are  limited  to  this  Grand  Miliwork  Celebration 
Sale— to  celebrate  the  completion  of  our  enormous  new  concrete  mill- 
work  plant.  NOW  is  your  opportunity  to  buy  at  a  tremendous  saving! 

Send  Your  Name  and  Address  at  Once! 

Write  immediately.  Use  the  coupon  or  write  a  letter  or  postal.  This 
Is  important.  Get  possession  of  the  great  money-saving,  price-cutting 
catalogs.  Get  your  name  on  our  Free  Mailing  List  for  extra  Bulletins  as 
fast  as  they  are  issued.  (46) 


GORDON-VAN  TINE  C0.f  2238  Case  St.,  Davenport,  Iowa 


GORDON-VAN  TINE  CO., 

2238  Case  Street,  Davenport,  Iowa 

Please  send  the  FREE  BOOKS  checked  below  to 


Name. 


Address. 


Occjipation  _ _ _ _ _ ..... _ t 

Any  of  following  books  free.  Check  the  ones  you  wish.  \ 

□  MILLWORK  □  ROOFING  □  LUMBER  j 


'  r>vr'Tiv 


,\'M 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4087. 


NEW  YORK,  FEBRUARY  25,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR 


EXPERIENCES  WITH  THE  USE  OF  HAIRY 
VETCH  FOR  COVER  CROPS. 

Vicia  Villosa  as  a  Cover  Crop  for  Tobacco  Lands. 

Readers  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  may  recall  an  article  by 
the  writer  published  about  two  years  ago,  on  the  use 
of  Hairy  vetch  for  cover  crop  purposes.  Since  that 
time  I  have  had  considerable  further  experimental 
evidence  and  a  greater  field  of  observation  in  the  study 
of  this  subject.  The  important  uses  of  this  crop  for 


been  secured  by  tne  Office  of  Seed  and  Plant  Intro¬ 
duction  from  Russia.  Several  experimental  plots 
were  planted,  located  in  different  sections  of  the 
Connecticut  Valley  The  seed  was  sown  on  the  to¬ 
bacco  lands  after  the  tobacco  crop  had  been  harvested, 
and  covered  by  the  use  of  disk  and  smoothing  har¬ 
rows.  A  good  stand  was  secured  of  all  of  the 
species  of  legumes  tested,  as  the  season  was  favor¬ 
able,  and  all  of  the  plots  entered  the  Winter  in  fine 
condition.  In  the  following  Spring,  after  the  snows 


at  the  usual  time,  about  May  15,  and  it  was  found 
then  that  the  roots  of  the  Plairy  vetch  plants  were 
simply  covered  with  small  white  nodules.  The  fine 
roots  had  permeated  all  through  the  soil  turned  by 
the  plow,  so  that  the  nodules  when  exposed  looked 
as  though  the  soil  had  been  sprinkled  with  ashes,  or 
lime,  or  some  white  fertilizing  substance. 

Little  seed  was  secured  from  the  plants  sown  for 
this  purpose,  as  the  plants  crawling  on  the  moist 
ground  were  favorably  located  for  the  growth  of 


VETCH  USED  AS  A  COVER  CROP  IN  A  CALIFORNIA  ORCHARD. 


cover-crops,  not  only  for  tobacco  lands,  but  for  corn¬ 
fields  and  orchards,  and  its  recent  extensive  use  for 
these  purposes,  has  led  the  writer  to  attempt  a  brief 
account  of  his  observations  along  this  line. 

The  possibility  and  desirability  of  securing  a  satis¬ 
factory  legume  for  tobacco  land  cover-crop  purposes 
.was  suggested  by  Dr.  B.  T.  Galloway,  Chief  of  the 
Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  in  a  visit  to  the  writer’s 
tobacco  breeding  experimental  fields  at  Granby,-  Conn., 
in  the  Fall  of  1903.  A  large  number  of  legumes 
were  tested  for  this  purpose,  amongst  which  occurred 
Hairy  vetch,  Vicia  villosa,  the  seed  of  which  had 


had  departed,  the  ground  thawed  and  became  warmed 
by  the  sun,  it  was  found  that  of  all  the  seeds  tested 
only  the  Hairy  vetch  had  survived  the  severe  Winter. 
In  the  case  of  the  Hairy  vetch  only  about  25  per  cent 
of  the  plants  had  resisted  the  Winter  conditions. 
These  plants  began  to  grow  with  the  first  Spring 
days,  and  in  a  short  time  spread  out  over  the  ground, 
so  as  to  make  almost  a  complete  covering. 

Two  of  the  plots,  located  where  conditions  had  been 
most  severe,  were  not  plowed  that  Spring,  but  allowed 
to  stand  so  that  if  possible  seed  could  be  harvested 
from  these  hardy  plants.  The  other  plots  were  plowed 


fungus  diseases  or  molds  which  caused  the  flowers 
and  seed  pods  to  drop  off  before  the  seeds  ripened. 
Enough  seed  was  saved  in  each  case,  however,  to  sow 
an  acre  the  following  season.  The  experience  of  the 
first  season,  and  correspondance  with  foreign  seed 
growers,  taught  us  that  it  would  be  desirable  to  sow 
rye  or  some  supporting  crop  with  this  seed.  It  was 
found  that  when  growm  with  rye,  about  10  bushels  of 
vetch  seed  and  about  15  bushels  of  rye  seed  could  be 
harvested  per  acre.  Since  that  time  we  have  found 
that  it  is  possible  to  increase  this  yield  by  more  ex¬ 
perienced  seedings.  The  rye  and  vetch  plants  for 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


seed  were  cut  with  a  mower,  and  the  seed  flailed  out, 
then  separated.  Since  then  a  small  thrasher  run  by  a 
gasoline  engine  has  superseded  the  flail.  The  vetch 
and  rye  seed  are  not  easily  separated  with  sieves, 
and  we  have  found  that  it  can  be  most  satisfactorily 
done  by  use  of  a  broad  cloth  endless  belt  arranged 
in  a  framework  which  is  tilted  up  at  an  angle  of 
about  45  degrees.  The  belt  is  turned  towards  the  top 
slowly,  while  the  mixed  seed  is  sprinkled  in  the  belt 
from  a  hopper  or  by  hand.  The  round  vetch  seed 
rolls  down  the  belt  to  the  bottom,  while  the  long 
rough  rye  kernels  are  caught  by  the  nap  of  the  cloth 
and  carried  up  over  the  top  end  of  the  belt. 

Where  this  seed  has  been  used  on  tobacco  lands  it 
has  been  found  that  the  soil  has  been  greatly  im¬ 
proved  for  tobacco  production.  The  tobacco  plants 
on  vetch  lands  are  healthier,  resist  drought  or  flood¬ 
ing  better,  and  require  less  commercial  fertilizer  than 
where  no  vetch  has  been  used.  The  writer  has  visited 
many  fields  every  season  for  the  past  five  years,  where 
tobacco  has  been  planted  on  vetch  lands,  and  where 
tobacco  grew  on  similar  adjoining  lands,  without 
vetch,  and  in  every  case  the  vetch  lands  produced  the 
earliest,  healthiest,  best  crops  of  tobacco.  In  fact,  I 
have  seen  soils  that  were  unhealthy  for  tobacco  grow¬ 
ing  brought  back  to  the  best  of  condition,  where  a 
change  could  only  be  attributed  to  the  use  of  suc¬ 
cessive  cover  crops  of  vetch. 

Little  or  practically  no  acclimatized  seed  is  avail¬ 
able  for  any  general  planting.  It  seems  to  the 
writer,  that  a  large  amount  of  waste  land,  now  found 
in  New  England  and  New  York  and  nearby  States, 
could  be  utilized  for  vetch  seed  production.  Not  only 
can  valuable  seed  be  produced  for  the  cultivated  por¬ 
tions  of  these  farms,  but  the  abandoned  or  semi- 
abandoned  fields  can  in  this  way  be  improved  for 
the  culture  of  other  crops.  A  number  of  New  Eng¬ 
land  farmers  are  now  practicing  this  plan  profitably, 
and  I  believe  it  could  be  widely  extended  with  equally 
good  results. 

HAIRY  VETCH  FOR  CORNFIELDS.— In  the 
cooperative  breeding  of  a  variety  of  dent  corn  adapted 
for  Connecticut,  the  writer  and  N.  H.  Brewer,  of 
Connecticut,  conceived  the  idea  of  trying  vetch  as  a 
cover  crop  for  cornfields.  Accordingly,  in  1907,  a 
10-acre  cornfield  was  sown  with  Hairy  vetch  seed, 
raised  on  the  farm,  in  addition  to  the  tobacco  lands 
which  were  annually  seeded  to  vetch.  The  vetch  seed 
was  pown  in  the  corn  about  the  first  of  August,  broad¬ 
cast  by  hand,  and  covered  by  hitching  a  horse  to  a 
small  shallow-toothed  harrow  that  could  be  easily 
dragged  between  the  rows  of  standing  corn.  A  splen¬ 
did  vetch  cover  crop  was  secured,  which  the  next 
Spring  grew  vigorously  and  produced  a  deep  mat  of 
tender  foliage.  This  crop  was  plowed  under  easily, 
and  the  vegetation  rooted  quickly,  and  did  not  in¬ 
terfere  in  any  way  with  the  processes  of  planting, 
cultivating  or  handling  the  land  for  the  succeeding 
corn  crop.  This  field  produced  a  record-breaking 
yield  of  corn,  as  it  has  done  since  with  usual  methods 
of  culture.  Other  observations  have  shown  similar 
results,  and  the  importance  of  the  adaptability  of 
Hairy  vetch  for  use  in  cornfields  is  such  that  the 
writer  cannot  too  strongly  urge  similar  trials  by 
farmers  in  other  sections.  In  some  cases  partial 
failure  has  been  met,  because  the  soil  was  not  in¬ 
oculated,  from  seed  that  was  not  Hairy  vetch  seed 
but  some  other  species  palmed  off  as  Hairy  vetch 
seed,  from  lack  of  knowledge  of  how  to  sow  and 
cover  the  seed,  or  from  the  lack  of  hardiness  of  the 
imported  seed.  As  a  whole,  however,  our  observa¬ 
tions  have  been  very  encouraging,  and  point  to  the 
practicability  and  profit  from  this  use  of  the  Hairy 
vetch  crop  for  corn  lands. 

METHOD  OF  SOWING  IN  CORNFIELDS.— 
From  40  to  60  pounds  of  seed  should  be  sown  per 
acre.  We  have  found  it  advantageous  to  sow  with 
the  vetch  seed  from  10  to  15  pounds  of  rye  seed  per 
acre,  although  this  may  not  be  the  case  in  all  places. 
In  one  or  two  places  the  writer  has  seen  barley  seed 
sown  with  the  vetch  seed  with  good  results.  One 
man,  sowing  the  seed  broadcast,  can  cover  several 
acres  per  day.  We  have  found  it  possible  to  sow  over 
three  corn  rows  at  a  time.  A  small  grain  drill,  used 
for  seeding  wheat  in  corn,  can  be  used  to  advantage 
where  available  for  this  purpose.  When  the  seed  is 
sown  broadcast  a  narrow  cultivator  with  small  teeth, 
or  a  small  light  harrow,  or  a  drag  with  spikes  driven 
through  it,  can  be  drawn  between  the  corn  rows,  with 
one  horse,  and  will  cover  the  vetch  seed  satisfactorily. 
Care  should  be  taken  not  to  run  the  cultivator  too 
close  to  the  rows  of  corn  so  as  possibly  to  injure  the 
corn  roots.  The  writer  has  frequently  found  that 
this  shallow  cultivation  was  a  benefit  to  the  corn 
crop  in  dry  seasons,  in  addition  to  covering  the  vetch 
seed. 

SOURCES  OF  VETCH  SEED.— The  only  ade¬ 
quate  source  of  Hairy  vetch  seed  at  present  is  im¬ 


ported  seed.  This  seed  can  be  secured  in  Russia, 
Germany,  Italy,  France  and  other  countries  where  this 
vetch  is  extensively  grown  for  improving  the  soil 
and  for  forage.  All  of  the  leading  seed  houses  carry 
this  seed,  from  whom  it  can  be  purchased  at  any  time. 
The  desirability  of  gnnving  an  acclimated  home  sup¬ 
ply  of  seed  is  to  be  urged  wherever  it  is  practicable  to 
do  so.  This  can  best  be  done,  perhaps,  in  some  in¬ 
stances,  as  a  co-operative  neighborhood  undertaking, 
where  the  necessary  machinery,  e.  g.,  thrasher,  sepa¬ 
rator,  etc.,  can  be  owned  in  common.  The  methods 
of  'seed  saving  and  production  have  not  been  fully 
worked  out  as  yet,  as  regards  the  best  and  most  econ¬ 
omical  method.  Improvements  on  present  methods 
will  doubtless  be  effected  when  the  farmers  begin 


A  SHOCK  OF  RHODE  ISLAND  CORN. 

seriously  to  undertake  this  business.  Enough  has  been 
done,  however,  to  show  and  prove  that*home  seed  pro¬ 
duction  is  perfectly  practical  under  present  conditions 
and  with  our  limited  knowledge  of  this  crop. 

U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture.  A.  i>.  shamel. 

( To  be  continued .) 

A  “DOWN  EAST”  CORN  CROP. 

I  am  convinced  that  corn  can  be  raised  in  New 
England  in  competition  with  the  West,  acre  for  acre, 
with  the  balance  wheel  in  favor  of  New  England.  I 
will  give  you  a  little  of  my  experience.  In  1909  I 
planted  a  three-acre  lot  that  had  not  been  plowed  in 
many  years,  as  it  was  some  way  from  the  house,  and 
it  was  in  a  very  poor  condition,  not  raising  $5  of  fod¬ 
der  of  any  kind.  I  plowed  it  and  harrowed  with  a 
disk  harrow  until  I  had  a  fine  mellow  seed  bed ;  then 
put  one-half  ton  of  fertilizer  per  acre  sown  broadcast, 
and  harrowed  it  with  Acme  harrow.  I  husked  290 
bushels  of  ears  of  sound  corn.  In  1910  I  planted  the 
same  lot,  same  treatment,  same  amount  of  fertilizer, 
and  husked  308  bushels  of  sound  corn,,  one  bushel  of 
ears  when  shelled  weighed  35  pounds,  making  62 
bushels  of  shelled  corn  per  acre.  I  sell  most  of  my 
crop  for  eating  meal,  which  brings  $1.50  per  bushel  of 
50  pounds  at  wholesale,  and  50  cents  per  peck  at  re- 


A  VINE  OF  MICHIGAN  VETCH. 

tail.  I  had  another  lot  of  1%  acres  from  which  I 
husked  172  bushels,  which  is  a  larger  yield  than  the 
other. 

In  regard  to  the  expense,  I  do  not  believe  it  is  fail' 
to  charge  $5  per  day  for  team  and  man,  which  is  the 
price  here,  but  to  charge  the  actual  cash  in  money, 
because  if  we  farmers  should  hire  everything  done  at 
highest  wages,  we  might  as  well  give  up  the  idea  of 
farming  for  profit.  I  have  given  you  the  yield  of  my 
poorest  lot  of  corn.  I  have  just  been  to  the  crib  to 
shell  a  bushel  of  ears  of  corn,  and  am  surprised  at 


February  25. 

the  result.  The  shelled  corn  from  one  bushel  of  ears 
weighed  just  35  pounds,  or  70  pounds  to  the  bushel, 
making  the  yield  85  bushels  of  56  pounds  per  acre, 
Allowing  six  pounds  per  bushel  for  toll  for  grinding, 
we  have  85  bushels  of  meal  at  $1.50  per  bushel  per 
acre,  or  $127.50.  I  am  aware  that  that  is  an  excep¬ 
tional  price,  but  it  is  what  I  get.  The  above  is  the 
yield  of  the  best  acre,  the  other  was  62 bushels. 

As  to  the  actual  cost  it  is  hard  to  tell,  as  I  did  not 
keep  a  special  account  of  the  time  on  each  lot.  I 
shall  plant  about  six  or  seven  acres  this  year  and 
intend  to  keep  an  accurate  account  of  the  cost  of  each 
lot,  but  I  can  give  a  pretty  near  estimate  for  one  acre. 


Dr.,  labor,  actual  cost . $15.00 

Ono-half  ton  of  fertilizer .  20.00 

Husking  136  bushels  at  5  cents .  6.80 


Cr.  85  bushels  meal  at  $1.50 . $127.50 

By  stalks  .  15.00 


$142.50 

41.80 

$100.70 

The  poorest  yield  02  1-2  bushels  at  $1.50 .  $93.75 

By  stalks  .  15.00 

$108.75 

Dr.  to  labor  . $15.00 

Dr.  to  fertilizer .  20.00 

Dr.  to  husking  .  5.00 

-  40.00 

Cr.  to  balance  .  $68.75 

I  think  the  estimate  for  labor  is  full,  high  enough. 
I  do  not  know  what  the  mills  are  paying  for  corn 
now;  the  last  1  sold  to  the  mill  I  got  $1.50  per  bushel 
of  56  pounds.  I  am  situated  near  a  large  city,  and  so 
have  exceptional  advantages  as  to  market,  but  never¬ 
theless  I  am  satisfied  it  is  to  the  advantage  of  every¬ 
one  in  New  England  to  raise  more  corn.  The  corn 
exposition  held  at  Worcester  last  Fall  opened  the 
eyes  of  a  great  many  as  to  what  New  England  can 
do  in  the  matter  of  raising  corn.  I  enclose  a  photo¬ 
graph  of  the  corn  on  my  poorest  lot,  this  page.  The 
shock  was  not  put  up  for  exhibition  purposes,  buLjust 
as  the  men  put  them  up,  not  knowing  I  was  to  take 
a  photograph  of  them.  The  kind  of  corn  I  grow  is  the 
Rhode  Island  white  flint,  as  the  yellow  is  not  salable 
in  this  vicinity  for  eating  purposes. 

Newport  Co.,  R.  I.  joshua  t.  durfee. 


COLD  FACTS  ABOUT  CHESTNUTS. 

In  issue  of  December  17  last  I  note  article  on  chestnut 
culture  by  II.  E.  Van  Deman.  I  have  been  in  correspond¬ 
ence  with  a  nursery  firm  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  relative  to 
chestnut  culture.  They  are  introducing  the  Sober  Para¬ 
gon.  IV hat  about  the  Sober  Paragon?  Would  this  far 
south  at  practically  sea  level  be  favorable  to  chestnut 
culture?  There  are  none  here.  n.  a.  b. 

Run,  Tex. 

For  several  years  past  I  have  noticed  the  claims 
about  the  “Sober”  Paragon  chestnut.  Now  the  fact 
is  that  the  Paragoii  is  one  of  the  best  cultivated  chest¬ 
nuts,  and  there  is  no  need  to  brag  about  any  particu¬ 
lar  set  of  trees  of  it  over  another.  Mr.  Sober  in 
Pennsylvania  got  a  start  of  the  variety,  which  is  a 
seedling  that  originated  in  that  State,  and  has  no 
doubt  done  well  with  the  trees  in  the  matter  of  bear¬ 
ing,  etc.  They  are  all  good  and  equally  good  for 
planting  where  the  chestnut  will  succeed.  But  there 
is  much  reason  to  be  very  cautious  about  going  into 
chestnut  growing  with  the  expectation  or  hope  of 
much  profit  anywhere  in  the  Eastern  States,  for  two 
reasons,  if  not  more.  These  reasons  are  the  great 
prevalence  of  the  two  chestnut  weevils,  especially 
where  there  are  wild  chestnut  trees  growing,  and  the 
terrible  ravages  of  the  chestnut  trunk-blight  which 
is  steadily  spreading.  In  the  West  these  troubles  do 
not  occur  as  yet,  and  probably  because  there  are  too 
few  chestnut  trees  to  furnish  opportunity  for  propa¬ 
gating  them.  As  the  climate  of  Texas  is  too  warm  to 
be  very  suitable  for  the  chestnut  to  thrive,  I  would 
think  it  unwise  to  do  more  than  try  a  tree  or  two. 
And  why  should  anyone  want  to  spend  much  time 
and  trouble  on  the  chestnut,  which  is  of  doubtful 
success  at  best,  while  the  pecan  is  entirely  at  home 
there  and  is  the  best  of  all  nuts  that  grow?  Why 
chase  after  a  phantom  when  there  is  a  reality  within 
easy  reach?  h.  e.  van  deman. 

MICHIGAN  VETCH.— Mr.  Shamel’s  ^article  is 
printed  in  response  to  several  hundred  questions  about 
vetch.  Last  Fall  we  printed  an  article  by  Mr.  R.  A. 
Smythe  of  Michigan,  who  has  been  quite  successful 
with  this  crop  on  light  fruit  soils.  Mr..  Smythe  was 
fairly  swamped  with  questions  about  vetch,  and  could 
not  possibly  answer  them  personally.  In  order  to 
show  what  this  crop  comes  to  when  well  established, 
we  show  another  picture  of  a  single  vine  as  grown 
in  Michigan,  see  above.  You  will  see  that  it  reaches 
to  the  top  of  a  tall  man’s  body  and  is  certainly  “great 
stuff”  on  a  fruit  farm  for  adding  humus  and  plant 
food.  Mr.  Shamel’s  article  gives  the  leading  facts 
about  it.  Remember  that  he  is  talking  about  a  Fall- 
seeded  crop  like  Crimson  clover.  This  Hairy  vetch 
is  not  to  be  seeded  this  Spring.  All  the  leading  seeds¬ 
men  offer  the  seed.  Spring  is  the  time  to  observe 
how  this  crop  grows,  but  not  the  time  to  sow  it.  If 
you  have  any  growing  try  to  save  seed  from  it. 


227 


ORCHARD  HEATING  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Most  lemon  groves  and  some  orange  groves  require 
artificial  heating  to  protect  irom  freezing  in  Cali¬ 
fornia,  most  Winters  two  or  three  nights  and  some 
Winters  six  or  eight  nights,  usually  from  two  to  four 
hours  early  in  the  morning,  but  occasionally  for  seven 
hours.  I  have  used  many  heating  devices  and  sev¬ 
eral  kinds  of  fuel,  and  have  never  found  a  kind  too 
poor  or  too  expensive  for  profitable  use;  for  no  or- 
chardist  with  frost  exposure  can  afford  to  do  without 
some  kind  of  artificial  heat.  The  most  satisfactory 
heater  I  have  used  is  the  Bolton,  which  is  a  10- 
pound  lard  pail  made  of  iron  with  perforations  near 
the  rim  for  draft,  a  double  cross  over  the  top  as  a 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 

soot  collector  and  a  flat  top  sheet  to  keep  out  the 
water.  When  loaded  with  five  quarts  of  slop  dis¬ 
tillate,  costing  here  2J4  cents  a  gallon,  and  set  100 
pots  to  the  acre  at  intersections,  they  will  raise  the 
temperature  on  a  still  night  from  seven  to  nine  de¬ 
grees,  and  will  burn  seven  hours.  Care  must  be  used 
to  keep  out  the  water. 

The  next  best  device  is  a  sheet-iron  round  stove, 
costing  25  cents  each,  14  inches  deep  and  14  inches 
across  the  top,  with  several  perforations  to  create 
draft.  In  this  we  burn  a  composition  of  half  heavy 
crude  oil  and  half  planing  mill  sawdust  and  chips, 
thoroughly  mixed  while  the  oil  is  hot,  and  pressed 
into  the  stoves.  This  device  costs  more  for  both 
stove  and  fuel  and  will  only  burn  half  as  long.  The 
next  best  is  a  basket  of  coal  suspended  from  a  tripod 
with  oil-soaked  chips  to  start  it.  The  Bolton  heaters 
once  installed  can  be  operated  at  an  expense  of  $3 
per  acre  per  night,  and  will  save  any  orchard  where 
fruit  ought  to  be  grown,  but  any  device  is  better  than 
none.  Orchard  heating  is  a  necessity  at  times  in 
many  localities.  a.  hale. 

California. 


SMALL  CORN  SHREDDER  EXPERIENCE. 

On  page  112  G.  S.  B.  speaks  of  curing,  storing  and 
feeding  corn  fodder,  and  you  invite  those  having  ex¬ 
perience  to  speak  too.  As  we  understand  in  this 
section,  there  are  cornstalks  and  corn  fodder.  The 
former  are  the  stalks  after  the  matured  corn  has  been 
husked  and  removed,  the  latter  is  of  a  later  planting, 
sometimes  as  late  as  July  4,  and  is  usually  drilled  in 
rows  far  enough  apart  to  admit  of  cultivation.  Not 
having  time  to  make  a  growth  of  corn,  and  the  stalks 
being  near  together,  they  are  fine  and  produce  a  very 
little  immature  corn.  We  are  growing  fruit,  and  aim 
also  to  grow  enough  feed  for  our  own  use.  This  year 
we  had  10  acres  of  corn.  This  we  husked  by  hand  in 
the  field  until  bad  weather  set  in ;  the  remainder  we 
husked  in  the  barn.  Some  years  ago  we  installed  a 
gasoline  engine  to  spray  with ;  then  we  bought  a  very 
nice  little  shredder,  and  in  Winter  we  run  it  with  the 
engine  and  shred  the  stalks  in  the  barn,  about  two  or 
three  weeks’  supply  at  a  time.  We  like  it  well.  It 
does  not  grind  up  into  dust  the  leaves  as  some  of  the 
big  shredders  do,  and  as  we  do  not  shred  a  very 
large  pile  at  once,  it  does  not  lie  in  a  large  mass  from 
Fall  and  thr®ugh  the  Winter  to  heat  and  mould.  Our 


1011. 


MAKING  A  CEMENT  ROOF. 
Permanent  Results  at  Modest  Cost. 


Several  readers  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  have  asked  for  in¬ 
formation  about  roofs  made  of  cement.  I  therefore 
give  my  experience.  Roofing  has  become  quite  a  deep 
problem  for  all  real  estate  owners  who  have  to  roof 
and  keep  buildings  in  repair.  Years  ago,  when  our 
forefathers  had  the  old  original  pine  and  hemlock 
straight  of  grain  and  a  lasting  quality  of  from  50  to 
75  years,  a  man  of  25  or  30  years,  building  a  new 
house  or  barn,  did  not  expect  to  have  to  re-roof  in 
his  natural  lifetime,  barring  accidents.  The  life  of 
an  ordinary  pine,  hemlock  or  chestnut  shingle  roof 
of  to-day  is  practically  15  years,  and  shingles  at  $2.50 
per  1,000,  besides  nails  and  cost  of  putting  on.  They 
must  be  repaired  several  times  in  order  to  get  15 
years’  wear.  This  makes  a  very  expensive  as  well  as 
unsatisfactory  roof.  Cedar  makes  a  good  roof  if  you 
get  the  genuine  cedar,  but  many  farmers  have  paid 
the  price  of  cedar  shingles,  but  the  lasting  qualities 
were  no  better  than  home  manufacture,  which  cost 
about  half  as  much.  Same  way  with  different  felt 
preparations ;  some  give  a  fair  return 
for  the  money,  while  others  are  worth¬ 
less  or  nearly  so.  Slate  is  good,  but  out 
of  many  farmers’  reach  in  price  and 
cost  of  putting  on.  Many  farmers  who 
can  afford  it  are  putting  on  galvanized 
iron  as  they  are  compelled  to  re-roof, 
but  that  is  also  very  expensive.  One 
man  of  my  acquaintance  paid  over  $300 
the  past  year  for  galvanized  iron  roof¬ 
ing.  The  dust  at  thrashing  time  is 
very  destructive  to  shingle  roofs,  and 
the  moisture  from  sweating  hay  and 
grain  hard  on  metal,  beside  the  outside 
elements  wearing  on  them  continually. 

In  the  Spring  of  1907  I  decided  to 
build  a  small  building  for  storing  lime, 
fertilizer,  cement  or  anything  that  had 
to  be  held  a  short  time  and  must  be  kept 
perfectly  dry.  I  first  made  a  good  con¬ 
crete  foundation,  as  I  intended  to  load 
it  heavily  for  the  size  of  building,  6x12, 
with  shed  roof.  When  I  was  ready  for 
the  roof  I  put  false  work  of  old  boards 
inside  '  the  building  even  with  top  of 
plates,  also  boards  about  12  inches  wide 
on  outside  at  top  for  eaves  and  pro¬ 
jection;  then  I  drove  a  30-penny  wire 
spike  every  12  inches  around  top  of 
plates  and  each  end  rafter,  leaving  the 
spikes  to  stick  up  about  half  an  inch. 

Then  I  drew  No.  12  fence  wire  from 
one  spike  head  to  the  other,  both  long 
and  short  way  of  building,  weaving  like 
a  chair  bottom.  Then  I  put  on  my  roof 
of  cement,  one  part  cement  to  three  of 
sand,  two  inches  thick.  Pieces  of  old 
buggy  tires  about  18  inches  long  were 
bedded  in  the  fresh  cement  on  corners 
of  the  projections  to  reinforce  them. 

In  a  few  days  I  removed  the  false  work 
from  inside  and  I  found  I  had  a  roof 
that  I  think  will  be  doing  business  for 
many  generations,  and  I  think  it  would 
carry  an  ordinary  team  of  horses  with¬ 
out  being  damaged  in  the  least.  The 
cost  was  $3.40,  which  included  50  cents 
for  sand  and  50  cents  for  man  half  day 
to  mix  the  cement  while  I  put  it  on. 

As  the  roof  has  passed  the  experimental 
stage,  having  passed  through  all  kinds 
of  storms  without  leaking  or  showing 
any  signs  of  wear,  I  pronounce  it  a  success,  and  al¬ 
most  as  cheap  as  poor  shingles,  besides  the  protec¬ 
tion  from  fire,  wind  and  hailstorms,  and  see  nothing 
In  particular  to  bar  the  use  of  cement  for  any  build¬ 
ing,  large  or  small,  with  good  foundation  walls  and  a 
little  extra  timber  for  very  large  buildings.  A  build¬ 
ing  of  that  kind  if  built  of  good  material  and  kept 
well  painted  should  last  for  generations. 

Columbia  Co.,  Pa.  w.  a.  bangs. 


horses  and  cows  clean  it  up  and  call  for  more;  their 
mangers  are  cleaned  out  twice  a  day,  and  the  refuse 
makes  a  good  absorbent  and  bedding.  It  is  also  much 
nicer  to  handle  in  the  manure.  I  have  seen  it  stated 
in  print  recently  that  it  goes  much  further  than  un¬ 
shredded  stalks,  and  it  may  possibly.  I  think  the 
animals  in  eating  waste  less  of  it.  We  rented  about 
six  acres  of  land  last  year  and  put  it  in  corn  fodder 
June  23,  and  cut  it  with  a  corn  binder  October  10. 
We  had  292  shocks  of  eight  to  10  bundles  in  a  shock; 
it  was  a  paying  crop;  but  corn  fodder  is  hard  to  cure. 
The  stalks  are  juicy,  and  it  cannot  be  put  in  the  barn 
in  the  Fall,  as  it  will  mold.  We  left  ours  out  in  the 
open  field,  drew  it  in  as  we  fed  it,  until  about  the 
first  week  in  January;  then  in  a  spell  of  good  weather 
we  put  the  remainder  in  the  barn.  I  think  it  will  keep 
well  until  fed.  Owing  to  the  fine  stalks  we  do  not 
shred  it;  if  we  are  careful  not  to  overfeed,  the  cattle 
clean  it  up  very  well  and  the  little  they  leave  we 
throw  to  them  for  bedding.  There  is  a  prejudice  in 
the  minds  of  some  against  feeding  stalks  or  fodder. 
Our  horses  like  it  and  go  through  the  Winter  on  it 
very  well.  We  feed  them  carrots  two  or  three  times 
a  week.  Our  cows  will  eat  it  in  prefer¬ 
ence  to  clover  hay,  which  most  people 
consider  an  ideal  roughage  for  cows. 
We  have  a  large  shredder  in  our  neigh¬ 
borhood,  and  many  farmers  avail  them¬ 
selves  of  it  when  it  comes  around,  but 
we  like  our  own  little  shredder  the  best, 
and  I  think  it  is  best  for  the  man  with 
small  acreage  if  he  has  power  to  run  it. 
Michigan.  john  stout. 


“SNOWBOUND”  CORN  KEEPING  WELL  IN  LARGE  SHOCKS. 


HANDLING  THE  FAKE  GOODS. 

A  great  annoyance  to  many  country 
people  is  the  sending  of  packages  of 
trifling  goods  to  children  (after  getting 
their  names  in  some  way)  to  sell  in  or¬ 
der  to  get  a  premium.  The  goods  to 
sell  never  amount  to  anything.  Re¬ 
peatedly  goods  came  addressed  to  my 
children.  My  mode  of  procedure  is  to 
destroy  them  at  once.  Soon  a  letter 
would  come  asking  if  goods  were  sold, 
etc.  I  allowed  no  attention  paid  to 
this.  It  went  on  until  threats  were 
made  to  prosecute  on  a  criminal  charge 
for  lefusing  to  return  goods,  and  the 
name  of  a  firm  of  our  county,  well 
known  to  me,  named  as  the  parties 
through  which  the  suit  would  be  brought. 
I  did  not  scare  at  all,  but  notified  them 
that  in  case  threats  were  repeated  against 
my  children  I  would  prosecute,  and  also 
told  them  that  no  attention  would  be 
paid  to  letters  of  inquiry  unless  postage 
was  sent.  I  heard  no  more  from  that 
case.  In  one  case  I  notified  the  firm 
sending  goods  to  send  at  once  the 
amount  of  postage  needed  to  return 
goods,  together  with  cost  of  notifying 
them  (naming  the  amount)  and  I  would 
return  the  goods,  otherwise  I  would 
destroy  them.  They  sent  the  amount 
at  once.  In  case  all  would  go  at  it  as  I 
have  done,  it  would  stop  the  business  in 
short  order,  I  think.  They  generally  get 
names  by  offering  a  small  premium  for 
a  list  of  names.  A  child  will  send’  in  a 
list  of  names  of  their  child  friends,  and 
it  is  but  a  short  time  until  all  receive 
packages  of  cheap  goods  to  sell  for  a 
HAIRY  VETCH  FROM  CONNECTICUT  CORNFIELD.  premium,  and  when  a  child  goes  selling 

the  goods,  no  matter  how  trifling,  few 
will  refuse  to  buy,  as  they  are  generally  friends  of 
the  child,  and  will  not  turn  them  down,  although 
they  know  the  goods  are  worth  nothing. 

Pennsylvania.  _ _ _ .  E'  BUSHYAGER> 

We  are  surprised  to  see  how  much  interest  is 
taken  in  farm  drainage.  There  has  never  been  any¬ 
thing  quite  like  it  in  the  country  before.  Men  are 
buying  large  tracts  of  wet  land  and  draining  it,  and 
individual  farmers  are  draining  wet  fields.  In  nearly 
every  case  a  drained  field  is  a  telling  witness  to 
show  the  value  of  drains.  On  our  own  farm  we 
have  a  wet  field  which  for  years  was  a  mere  eyesore. 
Now  that  it  has  been  drained  it  is  one  of  the  most 
valuable  fields  on  the  farm.  This  great  interest  in 
drainage  is  one  of  the  surest  evidences  that  farming 
is  to  become  a  more  reliable  and  profitable  business. 
Many  a  farm  will  now  receive  that  degree  of  LL.  D. 
(lime,  legumes  and  drainage),  and  it  will  also  get 
more  of  the  consumer’s  dollar  through  co-operation 

with  others.  _ _ _ 

The  Department  of  Agriculture  thinks  “the  decline  in 
the  production  of  peaches”  has  stimulated  the  growing  of 
early  apples.  Now  that  the  scale  can  be  handled  peach 
growing  will  increase.  The  business  in  Summer  apples 
will  be  limited. 


228 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


February  25. 


FRUITS  FOR  IOWA. 

H.  It.  M.,  Belle  Plaine,  la. — I  notice  the 
letter  from  S.  G.  Soverhill,  of  Illinois,  on 
page  34,  and  I  thank  him  very  much  for 
his  suggestion.  I  had,  however,  decided  to 
use  four  varieties  for  the  commercial  orchard, 
and  in  the  home  orchard  will  have  about 
15  more  kinds,  some  of  them  for  trial 
here.  It  seems  that  each  one  has  to  be 
his  own  experiment  station,  where  as  little 
up-to-date  care  is  given  to  apple  trees  as 
in  this  locality.  Each  locality  is  different 
as  to  climate,  soil,  location  of  orchard  as 
to  elevation,  etc.  I  plan  to  have  a  wind¬ 
break  on  the  north  and  west  sides  of  the 
orchard.  What  would  be  good  for  that  wind¬ 
break?  Could  I  plant  quick-growing  trees, 
such  as  the  Carolina  poplar  or  “sudden  saw- 
log,’’  and  mix  with  them  long-lived,  slower- 
growing  trees,  such  as  hickory  or  something 
that  would  be  productive?  I  plan  to  put 
the  rows  east  and  west  two  rods  apart, 
and  the  trees  one  rod  apart  in  the  row, 
and  every  alternate  tree  a  liller  to  be  cut 
out  later  on.  The  four  varieties  I  have 
chosen  for  this  locality  after  a  great  deal 
of  investigation  are  Eastman  and  Fame- 
use  for  permanent,  and  Oldenburg  and 
Wealthy  for  fillers.  I  am  testing  out  a 
number  of  other  sorts  to  try  to  find  a  good 
quality  Winter  apple  that  will  do  well  here. 
Among  these  are  Brilliant,  Silas,  Delicious, 
Iowa  Beauty,  York  Imperial,  McIntosh  and 
some  others.  I  hope  to  plant  10  acres  more 
adjoining  in  a  few  years  of  the  kinds  I  am 
testing  out,  giving  at  least  four  kinds  of 
permanent  commercial  trees.  When  the  fill¬ 
ers  are  removed  the  permanent  trees  will 
stand  two  rods  apart  in  each  direction.  By 
growing  with  a  low  head,  as  we  ought  to 
do  here,  33  feet  ought  to  be  enough.  Trees 
do  not  grow  as  large  here  as  in  the  East 
or  South.  Wild  crabs  here  grow  in  low, 
compact,  round  bush-like  form.  IIow  would 
four  rows  of  permanent  trees  of  one  sort, 
then  the  other,  be?  This  will  be  a  sod- 
mulcli  orchard.  Land  is  loess  (yellow  clay) 
now  in  Red  clover  and  Timothy.  I  shall  put 
stable  manure  three  feet  around  each  tree. 

Ans. — The  plans  as  laid  out  by  H.  R. 
M.  for  his  orchard  in  Iowa  are  very 
good.  Two  of  the  varieties,  Eastman 
and  Silas,  I  do  not  know,  but  all  the 
rest  are  known  standards.  The  plan  of 
having  the  permanent  trees  two  rods 
apart  and  the  fillers  in  the  rows  run¬ 
ning  east  and  west  only  may  be  better 
than  to  have  them  both  ways  or  only 
north  and  south.  Because  of  the  hot 
Summer  sunshine  I  would  prefer  them 
in  the  north  and  south  rows.  This  we 
used  to  think  right  in  Kansas.  The  dis¬ 
tance  of  two  rods  for  the  permanent 
trees  is  probably  enough,  and  that  is  the 
same  that  I  used  in  Kansas,  but  where 
trees  will  Hve  to  a  greater  age  and  grow 
larger  40  or  even  50  feet  is  far  better. 
My  preferred  plan  is  25x25  feet  in 
squares.  This  will  admit  of  thinning 
out  by  taking  every  alternate  row  di¬ 
agonally  in  about  15  years  from  plant¬ 
ing  and  after  some  15  years  more  cut 
out  another  row  crosswise  and  the  per¬ 
manent  trees  will  then  be  50x50  feet 
apart.  This  is  too  much  room  for  apple 
trees  on  the  Western  prairies.  As  to 
wind-breaks,  they  would  be  a  good  pro¬ 
tection  to  the  orchard,  but  the  south 
side  is  more  important  than  the  north 
side,  because  of  the  strong  and  almost 
constant  wind  in  Summer  and  Pall  that 
injures  the  trees  and  fruit.  The  north 
winds  sometimes  do  damage  in  severe 
Winter  weather,  and  a  wind-break  then 
would  be  a  benefit.  The  common  cot¬ 
tonwood  is  as  good  as  the  Carolina  pop¬ 
lar.  These  fast-growing  trees  will  soon 
make  a  big  growth,  but  they  will  so 
overgrow  the  slow  growers,  such  as  the 
walnuts,  hickories  and  oaks,  which 
would  make  good  permanent  trees,  that 
they  would  not  come  to  much  if  inter- 
planted.  H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


where  it  did  not  seem  to  work  down 
into  the  soil  at  all,  but  formed  a  light 
morter  on  top.  It  is  not  a  good  way  to 
use  lime.  It  ought  to  be  worked  in. 
The  lime  would  not  affect  the  nitrate 
or  the  potash.  There  would  be  some 
action  with  the  acid  phosphate  to  make 
it  less  available. 

What  proportion  of  a  combination  of 
chemical  fertilizers  made  up  of  nitrate,  acid 
phosphate  and  sulphate  of  potash  do  you 
recommend  for  use  upon  land  in  connection 
with  a  fair  coat  of  manure  for  Winter  cab¬ 
bage,  the  land  being  a  medium  loam  natur¬ 
ally  well  drained?  In  your  opinion  will  cab¬ 
bage  do  well  on  such  a  soil? 

We  should  use  in  such  connection  50 
pounds  nitrate  of  soda,  400  pounds  acid 
phosphate  and  150  pounds  sulphate  of 
potash.  Such  land  will  grow  cabbage, 
provided  it  is  not  sour  and  is  not  filled 
with  cabbage  maggots. 


Mother:  “Oh,  Effie !  What  has  hap¬ 
pened  to  your  dolly?”  Effie:  “The 
doctor  says  it’s  nervous  breakdown.  He 
prescribed  mucilage.” — Life. 


WOOD'S  SUPERIOR 

Seed  Oats 

We  offer  all  the  best  and 
most  productive  varieties — 
clean  seed  and  first-class  qual¬ 
ities. 

*The  New  Washington 
Burt  or  90- Day 
Swedish  Select 
Black  Tartarian 
Red  Rust  Proof,  etc. 

'‘Wood’s  Crop  gives  prices 
Special’’  and  oilr  De¬ 
scriptive  Catalog  gives  full  in¬ 
formation  about  Oats  and  all 
other  Farm  and  Garden  seeds. 

Wood’s  Seed  Catalog  and  Crop 
Special  mailed  free  on  request. 


T.  W.  WOOD  &  SONS, 

Seedsmen,  -  Richmond,  Va. 


Alfalfa 


No  other  farm  crop 
is  as  valuable  for 
feeding  purposes. 
Saves  grain.  Increas¬ 
es  profits.  Yields  three  to  four  cuttings  a 
season.  Vick’sAlfalfa  is  36  fl/ 

Positively  free  from  VJ 
dodder.  Send  fora  sam-  J  100/V^ 
pie,  and  have  it  tested  __ 
at  your  State  Ex  peri- 
ment  Si  at  ion.  Ask  for  ■*-  ^ 

prices  and  our  free  booklet  “Suggestions 
on  Growing  Alfalfa.” 

Garden 
and  Floral 

the  fanner’s  and  gardener’s  reliable  hand¬ 
book. is  ready  foryou.  Write  fora  freecopy 
today,  and  learn  about  Vick  quality  Farm 
Seeds. 

JAMES  VICK’S  SONS, 

430  Main  Street,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


Vick’s 


Guide 


Fertilizer  Questions. 

I  want  to  apply  some  lime  this  year, 
about  400  or  500  pounds  to  the  acre,  and 
wish  to  know  whether  it  is  advisable  to 
apply  it  to  the  surface  of  grass  land  which 
is  not  to  be  plowed,  but  it  is  to  be  cut 
for  bay,  the  land  being  rather  low,  and  if 
you  recommend  sowing  it  on  the  surface  of 
the  ground  at  about  this  season  of  the  year, 
will  the  presence  of  lime  act  injuriously 
upon  a  chemical  fertilizer  consisting  of 
nitrate,  acid  phosphate  and  sulphate  of 
potash,  which  I  wish  to  apply  during  April 
at  about  500  pounds  per  acre? 

Lime  applied  to  the  top  of  sod  has  a 
very  slow  action.  We  have  had  cases 


CLO VER 

§EED  of  unsurpassed  quality  at 
reasonable  prices.  Grown  in 
the  finest  cloverseed  section  of  this 
country,  carefully  cleaned,  fine 
plump  seeds  of  highest  vitality  and 
purity.  Also  Timothy,  Red  Top, 
Alfalfa;  all  kinds  of  Farm  Seeds  in 
quality  above  the  average.  Send 
for  free  catalog  to-day.  Special 
quotations  and  samples  on  any  of 
above  items  on  request. 

The  Livingston  Seed  Co.,  Box  17,  Columbu*,  0. 


CATALPA 


SPECIOSA 
TREES 


SALESMEN  WANTED 

- -  ~  for  terms.  PERRY  NURS 

TO  SELL  TREES  AND  PLANTS  ERIES,  Rochester,  N.  Y 


A  'T'  O  New  Victory  or  Rainy  Weather 
^  ^  Oats,  extra  heavy  yielders,  storm 

resisting,  ami  best  for  low  bottom  land.  Price  75c; 
sack  free.  Cow  Horn  Turnip,  25c  per  pound. 
SIEGEL  the  SEEDSMAN,  ERIE,  PA. 


Mine  are  true  to  name.  Write  for  free  Booklet. 

II.  C.  ROGERS,  Box  11  Mechanicsburtr,  Ohio 


McKaY’S 

McKnv>s 

McMAY*S  Acre  Cherry  Orchard,  $15- 


Peach  Trees- 

Dwarf  Apple  Trees — 


McKAY’S  Rose  Bushes  on  their  owa  roots- 
McKAY’S  Fertilizer  Chemicals - ■ 


r  Box  V,  Hfg:htstown,New  Jersey 


12  FRUIT  TREES 


FOR  98c 


WORTH 
$1.90 

1  Roosevelt,  1  Bradshaw  Blum,  1 
Niagara  Beach,  l  Bing,  1  Napo¬ 
leon.  1  Montmorency  Cherry,  1 
Baldwin,  1  McIntosh,  1  King 
Apple,  1  Orange  Quince,  1  Bartlett, 

1  Seckel  Bear.  All  first  class  trees, 

2  yrM  4  ft.  high  for  98c.  Everybody 
write  for  free  illustrated  catalogue. 

Maloney  Bros.  &  Wells,  Box  13  Dansville,  N.  Y. 


150  ACRES.  Genesee  Valley 
IJ  m  M  V  grown.  “Not  the  cheapest,  but 
B  S1I.I..1  the  best.”  Never  have  had  San 
*  Jose  Scale.  Established  1860. 

GEO.  A.  SWEET  NURSERY  CO.. 
LAiALUu  IKfcfc  20  Maple  St..  Dansville,  N.  Y. 


450.000 


Send  for  our  Book  of 
Trees  —  Tells  How  to 

Pl&nt  for  F ruit 
and  Shade 

Every  person  who  expects 
to  plant  trees  this  Sprmg-a 
dozen  or  a  thousand— should 
first  send  tor  Green’s  1:111 
Complete  Catalogue.  It  lists 
everything  desirable  in  fruit 
and  shade  trees  as  well  as  small 
fruit ;  tells  you  how  we  sell  direct 
to  you  from  our  nursery  and 
quotes  lowe-i  "at-the-nursery”  prices.  By  our  money- 
saving,  quality-giving  plan,  yon  pay  no  commissions  but 
buy  directfrom  one  of  the  largest  nurseries  in  the  United 
States,  and  you  get  nurserymen’s  lowest  prices. 

Agent’s  Prices  Cut  In  Two 

GREEN’S  TREES 

Direct  to  You 

We  prow,  bud,  und  graft,  quality  trees  from  bearing  orchards  of 
our  own — all  hardy,  northern  grown  and  true  to  name.  Every  tree 
is  triple  inspected  and  guaranteed  free  from  pests  and  scale. 

Green’s  Nurseries  are  located  in  one  of  the  greatest  fruit  centers 
in  the  United  States — Northern  New  York — yet  we  are  6  to  12  miles 
distant  from  other  nurseries — no  chance  for  contagious  disease. 

Our  catalogue  is  our  only  salesman,  and  has  been  for  over  80 
years,  but  our  square-dealing  policy  makes  our  customers  loyal  to 
us  and  brings  them  back  year  after  year  with  new  orders,  if  you 
have  never  bought  trees  under  Green's  Nursery  plan,  investigate 
by  seuding  at  once  for  the  191 1  catalogue,  and  we  will  also  send  you 
free  our  remarkable  book  “Thirty  Years  with  Fruits  and  Flowers.  * 
Capital,  $100,000. 

GREEN'S  NURSERY  CO.,  Box  22$  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


McKAY*S  Agricultural  Lime,  $3  per  ton 

McKAY’S  Catalogue  (ells  about  them— and  more 

— -W.  L.  McKay,  Geneva,  N.  Y.  Box  R. 

Black’s  Peach  Trees-1911 

'w  s  .^vPeach  Trees  are  one  of  our  specialties — wea 
*1/ grow  for  quality  and  not  quantity  alone.  Ourl 
tre.es’  however,  cost  little,  if  any,  more  than  the! 
ordinary  sort — we  employ  no  agents,  but  sell! 
direct.saving  middleman ’s  profits,  i  /  ■  i  j 
New  bxikJet,  “Springtime  and  Vci  |lJ3  Dl6 
Kf  Harvest  for  the  Fruit-grower,"  free,  ■  »  ■ 

Joseph  H.  Black,  Son  &  Co.  DOOKlGl 

Sent  Free 


FRUIT  TREES 


INCLUDING 


APPLE,  CHERRY,  PEACH 
PEAR,  PLUM,  QUINCE 

Also  Roses,  Shrubs  and  Orna¬ 
mental  Trees.  Send  list  of 
wants  for  prices  to 

WESTERN  N.  Y.  NURSERIES 

ROCHESTER.  NEW  YORK 


BEAUTIFY  YOUR  HOME 

GROUNDS  WITH  A  PRIVET  HEDGE 

I  will  sell  you  enough  good,  strong,  heavily  rooted 
California  Privet  hedge  plants  to  go  around  your 
home  grounds,  planted  six  inches  apart,  for  9c  per 
yard,  packed  to  carry  anywhere,  delivered  to  K.  R. 
station  at  Salisbury,  Md.  Measure  distance  around 
your  grounds,  see  how  little  it  costs  and  send  your 
order  to  W.  F.  ALLEN,  Salisbury,  Maryland. 


Fruit  Trees,  Ornamental  Trees 


SIIRUBS  and  ROSES, 
SMARE  FRUIT  PLANTS 

of  all  kinds  from  the  famous  Lake  Shore  re¬ 
gion  of  northern  Ohio.  Send  for  catalogue. 

MAI’LE  BEND  NURSERY, 

T.  Ii.  West.  Lock  Box  387,  Perry,  Ohio. 


Deal  DirectwittifieNursecy 

:\ 


agd 

only  high  grade  fruit  and  ornamental  trees, 
vines  and  shrubs. 

Write  for  our  valuable  Free  Book. 

IV c  gr<rw  our  07071  stock  and  guarantee  it , 

ALLKN  L.  WOOD,  Woodlawn  Nurseries 
572  Culver  lload  Rochester,  N. 


■  ) 

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Fruit  Trees  From  the  Grower. 

Save  middlemen’s  expense  and  get  them 
fresh  dug.  Catalog  free. 

WM.  J.  REILLY.  NURSERYMAN.  DANSVILLE.  N  Y. 

pnilfT  TDPK  Peara,  Bartlett,  Seckel  and  others. 
‘■Util  IIUjLj  Cherrie.  and  Plums,  all  standard 
varieties.  Peache.  grown  from  buds  from  bearing 
stock.  Get  wholesale  prices  directfrom  us  ;  also  §1  Lot 
Offers.  Free  Catalog.  Prize  H&mpslure  sheep.  Write 
W.  P.  RUPERT  Sc  SON.  Box  30,  Seneca,  N.  Y. 


PLANT  HARDY  TREES 

Healthy,  acclimated,  high  grade,  true  to  label  fruit  treei 
and  plants  for  Northern  States  at  wholesale  prices,  direct 
from  nursery  to  planter.  Send  for  catalogue. 

|^^^ERJ^^m^^URSERIES^JDESI^^AJCAL^MAZ00^MlCH^ 

SCARFF’S 

GOOD  SEED  CORN 

We  sold  over  11,000  bushels  of  it  last  year,  and  we  ex¬ 
pect  to  double  it  this  year.  Your  money  back  if  com  1* 
not  satisfactory,  lo  days  to  test  It.  Can  send  either' 
shelled  or  in  the  ear.  Also  choice  lot  of  seed  oats,  barley, 
speltz,  timothy  and  potatoes.  We  cannot  tell  you  more 
about  it  here,  but  our  catalog  is  free.  Send  for  it  to-day. 
W.  N.  SCARFF,  New  Carlisle,  Ohio 


Seed  Corn 

ONE  CENT  SAVES  $  $  $ 

Have  you  seen  our  prices  ?  If  not,  you  had  totter 
invest  one  cent  in  a  postal  card  and  get  our  Free 
Descriptive  Catalogue.  There  is  a  difference  in 
prices.  Our  Seed  Corn  is  all  Eastern  grown— and 
guaranteed  to  give  satisfaction.  We  will  save  you 
S  $  S  on  that  seed  bill — one  cent — one  postal  card. 
Send  it  to 

FOKRKST  SEED  CO.,  Cortlnnd.  N.  Y. 


BOO  i  arteries.  Also  Grapes,  Small  Fruits,  eto.  Best 

rooted  stock.  Genuine,  che:,p.  2  sample  currants  mailed  for  10c. 
Catalog  free.  LEWIS  KOKSOll  t>  SOJi,  Hoi  H  ,  Kredonla,  N.  f. 

Fresh  Dug'  Nursery  Stock. 

A  complete  assortment  of  the  fittest  Genesee  Valley 
Grown  Fruit  Trees,  etc.  Stock  guaranteed,  price 

l  igh ^catalogue!1  free  L  W.  HALL  &  CO.,  Rochester,  N.Y 


CRAPE 

VINES 

can  be  bought  right  this  year.  Send  us  a 
memorandum  of  your  wants  for  prices. 

MINER  &  MINER 

Grape  Vine  Growers,  Sheridan,  /V.  V. 


«>  T w° "-ye ar-o fd  GfapCViUCS  50  CtS. 

Sent  postpaid.  Best  varieties — red,  white,  black.  We  also 
Offer  Five  Three-Yeur-Old  Vines  for  $1.00.  Will  bear  year 
after  planting.  Valuable  book  how  to  plant,  cultivate  and 
prune,  free  with  every  order.  Grapes  are  easily  grown 
and  should  be  In  every  garden.  Mention  this  paper  and 
we’ll  add  free,  one  new,  large,  red  currant. 

T.  S.  Hubbard  Co.,  Grapevine  Specialists,  "50  Cental  Ave.  Fredonla,  N.Y. 
Established  lX  Years. 


Our  Proof  to  date  after  years  of  service  is  that 
we  can  save  you  not  only  money,  but  disap¬ 
pointment  when  your  trees  begin  to  fruit. 
This  Proof  will  be  submitted  with  our  new 
catalog —ask  for  it  today  *  *  *  *  * 
H.  S.  WILEY  d  SON,  Box  122,  Cayuga,  N.  Y. 


FRUIT  TREES 


Eldorado  Blackberries,  Strawberry  and 
Raspberry  Plants.  Catalog  free. 

BARNES  BROS.  NURSERY  CO. 

Box  8,  Yalesville,  Conn. 


NURSERY  STOCK  IN  BARGAIN  LOTS. 

We  pay  Express  or  Freight  to  any  R.R.  station  in  the  17.  S.  and  guarantee  satisfac¬ 
tion  and  arrival  in  good  condition  on  all  shipments  on  these  offers,  which  we  hope  will  encourage 
the  extensive  planting  of  commercial  sorts.  They  are  GENUINE  BARGAINS.  No  limit  on  these 
bargain  lots.  Order  one  or  more  lots,  as  may  be  desired.  These  lots  are  all  nice,  clean  stock,  true 
to  name  and  free  from  disease.  Write  for  descriptive  price  list.  *  *  *  * 


NO.  1,  FOR  $6.00 

100  Elberta  Peach,  2  to  3  feet.  1  yr.  from  bud 
10  Jonathan  Apple,  1  year  2  to  3  feet 


NO.  5,  FOR  S  10.00 

100  Apple,  select.,  1  year,  3  to  four  feet 
10  Spitzenbei  g  30  Winesap  10  Rome  Beauty 
20  Winter  Banana  30  Jonathan 


NO.  4,  FOR  $8.00 

100  Apple,  2  to  3  feet,  first-class,  one  year 
40  Jonathan  40  Rome  Beauty  20  Winesap 

NO.  7,  FOR  $15.00 

50  Kieffer  Pear,  4  to  6  feet  first-class  50  Early  Richmond,  2  year,  4  to  6  feet 


NO.  6,  FOR  $16.00 

100  Cherry,  2  year  from  bud,  5  to  6  feet 
80  Early  Richmond  10  Montmorency 

10  Dyehouse 


.  ORDER  ANY  OF  THE  ABOVE  BY  NUMBER,  .  . 

NEW  HAVEN  NURSERIES,  NEW  HAVEN,  MISSOURI 


1911 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


220 


AN  ORCHARD  FOR  THE  AVERAGE  NEW 
ENGLAND  FARM. 

Although  New  England  offers  in  her 
farming  lands  many  different  ways  for 
profit,  with  millions  of  consumers  in 
theit  nearby  cities  and  towns,  within 
easy  reach  of  an  unlimited  foreign  mar¬ 
ket  for  good  apples,  I  know  of  no  one 
thing  which  offers  to  so  many  farmers 
an  opportunity  to  add  both  to  their  in¬ 
come  and  the  value  of  their  farms  as 
a  well-planned,  well-cared-for  orchard. 
While  certain  sections  offer  better  op¬ 
portunities  than  others  to  those  who 
would  plant  commercial  orchards  on  a 
large  scale,  simply  to  pay  dividends  on 
invested  capital  (and  such  orchards  are 
only  a  matter  of  the  near  future),  they 
will  require  expert  and  high-priced  help 
to  choose  successful  locations,  and  so 
manage  them  as  to  make  them  profitable 
investments.  The  writer  had  no  oppor¬ 
tunity  to  choose  a  better  or  more  profit¬ 
able  location,  being  left  on  a  run-down 
farm  in  such  circumstances  he  felt  leav¬ 
ing  was  out  of  the  question,  and  strange 
to  say  he  has  sometimes  felt  like  thank¬ 
ing  his  lucky  stars  the  farm  was  run¬ 
down  and  small,  for  had  it  been  richer 
and  larger,  with  more  cattle,  he  prob¬ 
ably  would  still  be  tied  to  a  cow’s  tail. 
So  I  had  to  take  what  was  left  to  me 
and  do  the  best  I  could  with  it,  using 
land  for  orchards  which  I  would  not 
have  bought  or  even  taken  as  a  gift, 
undei  more  favorable  circumstances. 
Many  New  England  farms  have  acres 
of  land  which  now  does  little  to  add  to 
its  owner’s  income,  which  could  be 
made  to  pay  good  profit  in  the  growing 
of  fruit,  especially  apples.  I  do  not  ad¬ 
vise  the  setting  of  all  such  lands  to  or¬ 
chards,  or  of  any  of  it  for  those  who 
will  make  no  study  of  the  subject  before 
doing  so,  but  for  the  man  who  looks 
upon  an  orchard  as  something  to  spend 
money  and  work  upon  at  a  profit,  and 
as  an  investment  for  a  lifetime.  He 
should  have  the  business  ability  to 
choose  good  land,  easily  accessible  to 
his  roads  and  markets,  and  so  situated, 
if  possible,  as  to  give  good  air  drain¬ 
age  for  the  prevention  of  frost  injury. 
It  should  not  be  the  poorest  land  at 
“way  back,”  or  fit  only  for  a  forest 
growth,  although  personally  I  have  made 
good  profits  from  very  poor  land,  yet 
in  every  case  the  best  land  has  proved 
by  far  the  most  profitable.  In  my  case 
the  choosing  of  varieties  to  fit  the  con¬ 
ditions  of  the  soil  has  had  much  to  do 
in  adding  to  my  profits,  for  the  man 
who  would  set  his  russets  on  his  poor¬ 
est  land  and  Gravenstein  on  moist  and 
rich  should  not  set  an  orchard.  For 
the  best  success  each  must  study  well 
his  local  conditions  of  soil  and  markets. 
Those  near  our  large  cities  who  have 
the  time  to  handle  Fall  fruit,  especially 
if  sold  in  boxes,  will  find  a  fair  prop, 
tion  of  early  or  Fall  apples  profitable. 
To  most  growers  Winter  apples  will 
prove  most  profitable,  and  for  profit 
plant  very  few  varieties.  For  a  large 
part  of  New  England  the  Baldwin  is  the 
one  great  money-maker,  an  apple  which 
for  best  results  will  not  stand  too  high 
feeding  and  culture,  yet  will  pay  for 
good  care  and  feeding  to  meet  the  con¬ 
ditions  of. different  soils;  an  apple  best 
adapted  to  the  average  grower,  it  will 
grow  and  produce  good  fruit  on  nearly 
all  kinds  of  soil.  Although  the  yield  is 
not  as  heavy,  I  have  grown  good  Bald¬ 
wins  on  land  nearly  pure  sand,  and 
were  I  trying  to  raise  a  fancy  high-class 
Baldwin  I  should  not  choose  my  richest 
land. 

Distance  apart  is  a  question  which 
means  dollars  to  everyone  who  would 
set  an  apple  orchard,  for  the  time  has 
gone  by  when  trees  can  be  set  30  to  40 
feet  apart  and  the  land  then  used  as 
mowing  for  the  raising  of  hay,  if  a 
profitable  orchard  is  the  object  of  the 
grower.  From  personal  experience  I 
believe  the  best  paying  orchards  will  be 
those  set  by  the  filler  method ;  in  fact  I 
would  set  by  no  other.  I  would  advise 


those  intending  to  set  an  orchard  to  see 
such  a  one  in  bearing  if  possible,  and  do 
not  be  frightened  by  such  scarecrows  as 
“You  will  not  have  the  nerve  to  cut  out 
the  fillers  at  the  proper  time,”  or  “The 
fillers  will  rob  your  permanent  trees  of 
needed  fertility^.”  To  the  up-to-date 
fruit  grower  such  talk  is  simply  absurd. 
The  test  of  an  orchard  is  not  how  long 
it  can  be  made  to  live,  but  what  it  can 
be  made  to  produce  for  its  owner,  and 
for  fillers  use  such  trees  as  will  pay 
you  best,  be  they  plum,  peach  or  apple, 
and  make  that  orchard  pay  very  soon 
after  planting.  My  first  trees  by  this 
method  set  on  light  land  were  apples 
18x18,  and  having  a  local  market  for 
such  fruit,  as  many  plums  (upright 
growers)  as  apples.  These  were  set  in 
middle  of  apple  rows,  making  plums  a 
little  less  than  13  feet  from  the  apples. 
Later  I  added  to  these,  setting  apples 
18x20,  and  my  last  orchard  was  set 
20x20,  which  I  feel  is  near  enough  for 
trees  on  light  land,  and  for  strong  and 
rich  land  22  or  24  might  prove  most 
profitable,  as  I  believe  fillers  can  be 
planted  too  close  for  most  profitable  re¬ 
sults  as  well  as  the  permanent  trees. 
My  method  has  been  to  set  one-half  the 
trees  to  very  early  bearers,  which  do 
not  make  large  trees,  largely  Wagener 
and  Wealthy;  then  if  the  permanent 
tree  is  a  strong  grower  use  what  might 
be  called  a  semi-filler,  of  which  Banana, 
Ben  Davis  or  Hubbardston  is  a  type, 
and  on  fairly  light  land  one-half  could 
be  set  to  Baldwin  and  later  one-half  of 
those  cut  out,  leaving  the  permanent 
trees  at  twice  the  distance  the  orchard 
was  originally  set.  In  setting  out  an  or¬ 
chard  do  not  be  in  a  rush  and  half  do 
the  work,  as  it  will  pay  well  properly  to 
prepare  the  ground  first,  and  be  sure  to 
have  first-class  trees  to  put  upon  it ; 
cheap  and  ill-shaped  trees  are  not  worth 
setting.  Nothing  has  paid  me  better 
than  the  buying  of  trees  and  growing 
them  in  nursery  rows  two  or  more 
years,  where  their  tops  are  put  in  shape 
to  meet  my  ideas  of  what  a  tree  should 
be.  They  should  be  transplanted  at  the 
end  of  two  years  if  one  wished  to  grow 
them  that  way  longer,  and  I  believe  they 
can  in  many  cases  be  grown  that  way 
for  years  at  a  profit.  H.  o.  mead. 

Massachusetts. 

REASONS  WHY 

BLANCHARD’S 

“LION  .BRAND” 


SprayingN*j§f^Materiais 
ARE  THE  BEST 

pep  Alice  Blanchard  is  the  OLDEST  manufacturer  of 
ULUnUOe  agricultural  sprays  in  the  world, 

pep  A  IlCe  Blanchard  is  the  LARGEST  manufacturer  of 
ULUMUOL  agricultural  sprays  in  the  world. 

P  P  p  A  1 1 C  C  Blanchard  is  the  only  firm  whose  exclusive  bua- 
ULUHUOC  ines8  is  manufacturing  sprays  and  insecticides. 

P  P  P  A  1 1 C  e  Blanchard  is  the  only  manufacturer  of  a  COM- 
DLUMUOL  PLETE  LINE  of  agricultural  sprays. 

pep  A IICC  Blanchard's  are  the  most  PERFECTLY 
DCUKUOC  EQUIPPED  factories  in  the  world. 

PPpAIICp  Blanchard  uses  his  own  improved  processes 
DLUMUOL  and  makes  nothing  but  insecticides  and  sprays, 

SOME  BLANCHARD  PRODUCTS 

LION  BRAND  Lime-Sulphur  LION  BRAND  Kerosene 

Solution  Emulsion 

LION  BRAND  Bordeaux  Mixture  LION  BRAND  Whale  Oil  Soap 
LION  BRAND  Pure  Paris  Green  LION  BRAND  Insect  Powder 
LION  BRAND  Arsenate  of  Lead  LION  BRAND  Powdered  tobacco 

Every  successful  grower  knows  he  must  spray  to  ha 
an  orchard  constantly  increasing  in  value  and  earni 


have 
ning 

It’s  simply  a  question  whose  spraying  materials  to  use. 
Those  who  know  will  have  none  but  BLANCHARD'S 
LION  BRAND,  because  of  their  scientilic  formulas, 
perfection  in  manufacture,  and  dependable  uniformity 
in  quality  and  effectiveness.  Buy  from  your  local  dealer 
or  write  to  us  and  refuse  to  allow  any  one  to  substitute 
any  other  brand. 

LION  BRAND  PRODUCTS  ARE  6UARANTEE0  UNDER  THE 
INSECTICIDE  ACT  OF  1910  BY 

THE  JAMES  A.  BLANCHARD  CO., 

523  Hudson  Terminal,  106  Broad  St., 

New  York  St.  Joseph,  Mich. 

FREE  BOOKLET  “When,  How  and  Why  to  Spray, “  ft 

■  ■  ■  —  ■  filled  with  interesting  and  valuable  spraying 

information.  Send  your  address  for  a  Fuse  Copy. 


Seeds,  Plants,  Roses, 


Bulbs,  Vines,  Shrubs,  etc. 
Hundreds  of  car  lots  of 
FRUIT  and  O  R  N  A  - 
MENTAL  TREES.  1,200 
acres,  50  In  hardy  Roses, 
none  better  grown.  44  green¬ 
houses  of  Palms,  Ferns, 
Ficus,  Geraniums  and 
other  things  too  numerous 
to  mention.  Seeds,  Plants, 
Bulbs,  Roses,  Small  Trees,  etc.,  by  mail,  post¬ 
paid.  Safe  arrival  and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Immense  stock  of  SUPERB  CANNAS,  the 
queen  of  bedding  plants.  Acres  of  Pseonias  and 
other  Perennials.  50  choice  collections  cheap 
in  Seeds,  Plants,  Roses,  etc.  Elegant  168-page 
Catalog  FREE.  Send  for  it  today  and  see  what 
values  we  give  for  your  money.  Direct  deal  will 
insure  you  the  best  at  first  cost.  57  years.  (12) 
The  Siorrs  &  Harrison  Go.,  Box  158  Painesville.  0. 


Copyright,  1911,  National  Cloak  Suit  Co. 


It  shows  you 
Lingerie  Dresses 
Silk  Dresses 
Waists  -  - 

Skirts  -  « 

Hats  •  • 


$3.98  to  $19.98 
$11.98  to  $22.50 
98  cents  to  $8.98 
$3.98  to  $14.98 
$1.98  to  $14.98 


Have  Yon  Written  For  Your 

“NATIONAL”  Style  Book 

Are  you  waiting  ?  Have  you  post¬ 
poned  writing  ?  Are  you  likely  to 
forget — that  we  have  one  “National” 
Spring  Style  Book  put  away  for  you  ? 

Then  let  us  repeat  that  one 
“National”  Spring  Style  Book  is 
Your  very  own,  because  we  have 
reserved  books  for  every  reader  of  this 
publication.  And  we  have  taken  this 
page  in  your  magazine  simply  to  tell 
you  about  this  very  wonderful  new 
Style  Book. 

Every  page  of  this  224-page  book 
will  prove  to  be  a  page  of  interest, 
and  of  beauty,  of  style  instruction,  of 
fashion  opportunity,  and  of  money 
saving.  It  shows  you  all  the  new 
styles  in  all  kinds  of  apparel  for 
Women,  Misses  and  Children — and 
all  at  money-saving  prices. 

\.nd 

NATIONAL”  Tailored  Suits 

Made-to-Measure  from  $15  to  $40 


It  is  the  most  interesting  Style  Book  ever  published. 

Pure  Linen 

Hand-Embroidered  Waist 


% 


Ml 


I 


cf  "• 


Regular  Price,  $1.75 

Price,  $  1  .OO 

Postage  Prepaid  By  Us. 

No.  21D11.  There  are  seven  notable  points  about 
this  beautiful  waist,  | 

First  it  is  pure  linen.  Yes,  Madam.we  mean  Pure 
Imported  Irish  Linen.  It  is  Hand-embroidered — 
guaranteed— and  prettily  and  neatly  done.  It  is 
lace-trimmed  as  pictured,  and  it  is  one  of  the  very 
newest  and  most  delightful  styles. 

It  is  a  regular  $1.75  waist,  now  offered  at  a  friend¬ 
making  price  of  $1.00,  And  we  pay  the  postage. 

Fact  No.  8  is,  that  if  you  are  not  delighted  with 
this  waist— if  you  don’t  think  it  actually  cheap  at 
$1.75,  send  it  back  at  our  expense,  and  we  will  refund 
your  money.  The  charming  style  feature  of  tbi3 
model  is  the  simulated  front  closing  in  effective 
point  design,  trimmed  with  lace  insertion  and  a 
ruffle  of  edging,  further  enriched  with  Irish  crochet 
buttons  and  hand  embroidery.  A  yoke  effect  is 
formed  of  pin-tucks  and  wide  tucks  on  the  shoulders. 

The  back,  which  closes  invisibly,  has  clusters  of 
pin-tucks,  and  the  fashionable  sleeves  are  tucked 
and  lace-trimmed  to  form  deep  cuffs.  A  lace- 
trimmed  high  collar  completes  this  very  becoming 
waist.  SIZES :  32  to  44  bust.  White  only. 

Worth  anywhere  $1.75. 

Special  Price,  $  1  .OO 
Be  Sure  to  State  Size  Desired. 

National  Cloak  &  Suit  Co 

No  Agents  or  Branches 


% 


>**•**?? 


•M 


i 


I 

1 


1  11 


273  West  24th  Street 
•>  NEW  YORK  CITY 

Mail  Orders  Only 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.S.  PATENT  OFFICE. 


^UTILIZS^ 

...  SOLELY  MANUFACTURED  BY  .  .  . 

*The  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co. 

Middletown,  Conn., 

Send  for  Free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
tlio  Hubbard  “Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


HUBBARD’S 
!2SE  FERTILIZER 
ALMANAC 
19  11 


Now  ready  for  distribution. 
Mailed  free  to  any  address. 


Planet  Jr. 


Get  double  the  present  results  from  your  time  and  labor.  Use 
Planet  Jr  farm  and  garden  implements,  and  secure  bigger  and  better 
crops  with  less  work.  Planet  Jrs  do  the  work  of  three  to  six  men. 
They  do  it  more  accurately,  and  cause  a  greater  yield.  The  result 
of  a  practical  farmer’s  35  years’  experience.  Fully  guaranteed. 

I  No.  6.  I  The  newest  Planet  Jr  Combination  Hill  and  Drill 
■  Seeder,  Wheel  Hoe,  Cultivator  and  Plow,  opens  the  furrow,  sows 
-.  r  ^  s  |  any  kind  of  garden  seed  accurately  in  drills  or  hills.  Covers,  rolls  down 
''  - and  marks  out  the  next  row  all  at  one  operation.  Perfect  Wheel* 
*('  Hoe,  Cultivator  and  Plow. 

Planet  Jr  12-tooth  Harrow,  Cultivator  and  Pulverizer 

’  • ,  •  is  a  wonderful  tool  for  berry-growers  and  market-gardeners. 

■  Works  deep  or  shallow  without  throwing  earth  on  the  plants, 

/  /  '  and  pulverizes  the  soil  thoroughly.  Invaluable  wherever  fine 
’ !  ^  close  work  is  needed. 

' ;  ■  You  can’t  afford  to  miss  the  19 11 

f  t  .  illustrated  Planet  Jr  56-page  catalogue. 

1  ‘  Free  and  postpaid.  Write  today. 

'(  S  L  Allen  &  Co 

Box  1107V  Philada  Pa . 

^  c<? 'a* 


230 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


February  25. 


ItWinsinClover 


This  picture  from  an  actual  photo  shows 

Louden  Balance  Grapple  Fork 

lifting  a  third  of  a  ton  of  dry  clover  hay. 

How’s  that  for  a  winner? 


MAULE’S  SEEDS 

ONCE  CROWN  ALWAYS  GROWN 

Is  the  reason  why  for  many  years  past  I  have 
done  such  an  enormous  seed  business.  79,430 
customers  In  Pennsylvania  alone,  with  almost 
half  a  million  the  world  over.  My  New  Seed  Book 
for  1911  is  a  wonder;  contains  everything  in 
seeds,  bulbs  and  plants  worth  growing.  Weighs  12 
ounces;  600  illustrations,  4  colored  plates,  176 
pages.  Any  gardener  sending  his  name  on  a 
postal  card  can  have  it  for  the  asking.  Address 

WM.  HENRY  MAULE 
1707-09-11  Filbert  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

6  cents  ( stamps )  and  mention  this 
paper  and  I  unit  enclose  in  the  catalogue 
a  packet  of  seed  of  the  above  choice  pansy. 


FOR  SALE 


J— Canada  Peas, $1.85 bushel;  Alas¬ 
ka  Peas  $4.00  bushel;  Cow  Peas. 
$2.25  bushel;  Crimson  Clover  Seed,  $8.50  bushel. 
Sow  Canada  Peas  and  Oats  in  March  and  harvest 
a  crop  of  Hay  in  May.  Onion  Sets  at  $2.25  per 
bushel.  JOSEPH  E.  HOLLAND,  Milford,  Del. 


N.  Y.  AGRICULTURAL  DEPARTMENT 
EXPENSES. 

The  financial  statement  of  the  State 
Department  of  Agriculture  will  be  inter¬ 
esting  to  New  York  State  farmers,  and 
incidentally  to  all  farmers.  In  the  fol¬ 
lowing  statement  the  first  column  gives 
the  appropriations  authorized  by  the 
Legislature  for  each  division  of  the  De¬ 
partment  work.  The  second  column 
gives  the  exact  expenditures  for  each 
division : 

Statement  for  fiscal  year  ending  September 
30,  19  iO. 

Total  funds.  Expended 
Commissioner’s  Salary  .$5,338.70  $5,338.70 

1st  Asst.  Commission¬ 
er’s  Salary  .  3,600.00  3,600.00 

Chief  of  Accts.  Salary.  2,250.00  2,250.00 

Chief  Chemist's  Salary  3,000.00  3,000.00 

Asst.  Chemist’s  Salary.  2,000.00  2,000.00 

Chemists,  Bacteriolog¬ 
ists,  etc . 11,376.12  10,878.72 

Veterinarian’s  Salary.  .  3,737.00  3,730.68 

Confidential  Agent’s 

Salary  .  2,000.00  1.800.00 

8th  grade  salaries....  6,780.00  6,760.56 

7th  grade  salaries. ..  .22,500.00  21,976.67 

6th  grade  salaries.  ...  47,350.00  42,946.67 

5th  grade  salaries....  9,300.00  8,312.99 

4th  grade  salaries.  .  .  .  1,440.00  1,440.00 

2nd  grade  salaries....  480.00  480.00 

Farmers’  Institutes. ...  33,994.54  28,064.96 

Actual  and  necessary 

traveling  expenses. ..  61,159.94  58,533.66 

Commissioner’s  Travel¬ 
ing  Expenses  .  1,109.69  955.20 

1st  Asst.  Commission¬ 
er’s  Expenses .  500.00  203.69 

Nursery  Inspection. ...  43,573.61  29,732.24 

Exterminat  ion  of 

Moths  . 50,000.00  15,410.17 

Bureau  of  Statistics.  ..  10,347.75  8,320.48 

Agricultural  Labor  .  .  .  7,989.44  7,979.45 

Fertilizers  and  feeding 

stuffs  .  8,621.59  6,888.26 

Pure  food  . 14,269.13  14,266.47 

Dairy  products  . 25,322.37  17,039.97 

2  confidential  detective 

agents  .  5,700.00  4,195.41 

Diseases  of  animals.  .274,487.54  191,076.19 
Sheriffs  and  deputy 

sheriffs  . 18,000.00  6,836.09 

Furniture  and  office 

repairs  . 10.904.17  5,472.40 

Agricultural  fairs _ 252,231.78  252,231.78 

Litigation  Fund  .  4,558.80  1,673.88 

Bills  payable  in  hands 
of  Comptroller,  Oct. 

1,  1910,  Orders  Nos. 

214,  216,  219 .  957.32 

Totals  . $943,922.17  $764,352.61 


A  Plague  of  Rabbits. 

My  local  paper  contains  the  following 
regarding  a  bill  to  prevent  us  from  kill¬ 
ing  rabbits : 

The  open  season  for  hunting  hares  and 
rabbits  is  shortened  by  a  bill  introduced 
by  Assemblyman  C.  W.  Phillips,  of  Monroe. 
The  season  is  changed  by  the  bill  from 
October  1  to  December  31,  instead  of  Feb¬ 
ruary  15.  The  number  to  be  taken  in  any 
one  trip  is  reduced  from  10  to  six  and 
hunting  with  a  ferret  is  prohibited. 

I  hope  you  will  use  your  influence  to 
see  that  this  bill  is  defeated.  I  have  seen 
two  acres  of  newly-set  cabbage  nearly 
all  nipped  off  by  rabbits  in  the  short 
time  of  one  or  two  nights.  Last  Win¬ 
ter  the  snow  drifted  up  to  the  branches 
of  one  of  my  young  Baldwin  apple  trees, 
and  before  we  had  time  to  look  after  it 
the  rabbits  had  all  of  the  lower  limbs 
girdled.  It  ruined  the  tree.  It  had 
been  set  12  years.  I  could  go  on  and 
tell  of  a  great  amount  of  destruction 
that  has  been  done  by  them,  but  do  not 
think  it  is  necessary,  as  most  farmers 
living  near  woods  or  swamps  who  try 
to  raise  garden  truck  or  fruit  know  what 
a  nuisance  they  are.  I  hope  that  the 
farmers  will  make  such  a  protest  that  the 
bill  will  be  defeated,  melvin  thomas. 

.  Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y. 

R.  N.-Y. — Farmers  should  get  after 
their  Senators  and  Assemblymen  at  once 
and  ask  them  to  vote  against  this  bill. 


Orchards  on  Damp  Soil. 

S.  Mayville,  N.  Y. — I  own  about  20 
acres  of  flat  level  land  in  southern  New 
York,  and  am  desirous  of  setting  a  part  of 
It  to  fruit  of  different  kinds.  It  is  in¬ 
clined  to  be  wet  during  the  Spring  and  Fall 
rains,  but  works  up  fine  during  the  Sum¬ 
mer.  It  is  alluvial  soil,  with  clay  sub¬ 
soil,  and  has  produced  big  hay  crops.  Is 
there  any  way  I  can  drain  this  land  by 
surface  ditching  so  that  fruit  will  do  well 
on  it?  I  am  not  able  to  go  to  the  expense 
of  under-tiling  it  at  present,  but  would  like 
to  have  proceeds  of  crops  take  care  of 
future  improvements. 

Ans. — We  should  have  that  field 
looked  over  by  a  surveyor  or  some  one 
who  can  determine  levels.  They  can  tell 
where  ditches  should  be  run.  No  doubt 
open  ditches  would  take  off  enough 
water  to  permit  planting  apple  trees,  but 
before  you  can  hope  to  have  a  success¬ 
ful  bearing  orchard  such  land  must  be 
under- drained.  You  can  put  in  open 
ditches,  plant  and  tile  drain  later,  as  you 
have  capital,  having  the  field  surveyed 
first  so  as  to  be  sure  where  the  tile 
drains  are  to  run  eventually.  Select 
varieties  of  apples  best  suited  to  damp 
soil. 


VERY  PRODUCTIVE  HEAVY  GRAIN- 

THIN  HULL  STIFF  STRAW 

Johnson  Oats  originated  here  in  Michigan  and  we  have  many 
testimonials  attesting  to  their  value.  The  heads  are  large  and 
branching  and  loaded  with  big,  plump,  thin-hulled  and  bright  grain. 

Its  roots  run  deep  into  the  soil,  thus  supplying  the  plant  with 
moisture  and  food  even  in  a  dry  season.  It  stools  out  and  a  single 
plant  produces  a  number  of  large  heads.  It  is  plump  and  heavy, 

often  weighing  36  to  40  Ih  s.  to  the  bushel.  The  straw  is  very  stiff 

and  of  medium  height,  holding  up  its  large,  well  filled  heads  on  the 
richest  ground  when  other  varieties  lie  flat.  “The  Johnson’’  are  not 
side  Oats.  The  money  you  invest  in  the  Johnson  Oats  for  seed  will 
yield  a  profit  of  100  to  200  per  cent  in  the  increased  yield  you  will 
get  over  the  common  kind  you  have  been  planting.  The  extra  cost 
of  the  seed  of  the  Johnson  over  common  Oats  is  so  light  that  no  one  can 
afford  to  plant  the  common  varieties.  A  change  of  seed  once  in  2  or  3 
•  years  is  absolutely  essential  to  growing  good  crops  and  when  a  change  is 

made  get  the  best  variety  possible.  The  Johnson  will  fill  the  bill  every 

time.  Prices  by  mail,  postpaid:  Pkt.,  4c;  qt.,  18c;  3  qts.,  45c.  Not  pre¬ 
paid:  Qt.,  10c;  Vi  pk.,  18c;  pk.,  30c;  bu.,  $1.00;  in  lots  of  2 y2  to  10  bus.,  at 
95c;  10  bus.  or  more,  at  92c  per  bu.,  bags  free.  Freight  to  be  paid  by  customer. 
E legant  104  p>a ge  Seed  Annual  FREE, 

S.  M.  ISBELL  GO.  Jackson,  Mich. 


There  isn’t  another  fork  in  the  world 
in  its  class.  It’s  the  only  one  that  can 

handle  clover,  alfalfa  and  threshed  straw  as  success¬ 
fully  as  timothy.  No  dribbling  or  scattering,  with 
long  stuff  or  short,  large  load  or  small. 

Louden’s  Fork 


has  a  patented  arch  support  that  gives  perfect  bal¬ 
ance.  It  takes  bold  or  releases  its  load  at  the  slight¬ 
est  touch.  Simple  in  design,  made  of  steel  with 
heavy  malleable  connections.  Will  lift  hall  a  Ion 
withont  bend  or  break. 

Get  the  Louden,  the  best  hay  fork  in  the 

world.  Seeit  at  your  dealer’s.  If  he  hasn't  it  don’t 
run  chances  with  any  other — write  us  direct. 

Get  our  complete  Free  Catalog  of  Louden  Barn 
Tools,  F eed  and  Lifter  Carriers,  Flexible  Bird  Proof 
Door  Bangers,  Hay  Tools,  etc.  Also  booklet  “Some 
Interesting  Facts  on  a  y^HomcIy  Subject.  Write 
now. 


Louden 
Machinery 
Co. 


601  Broadway, 
Fairfield, 
Iowa. 


Hall's  Gold  Nugget  Corn  Yielded  200  Bu. 
Crates  of  Ears  Per  Acre 


Joseph  Harris  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.Y. 


HARRIS’  SEED  CORN 


‘^S7'E  take  the  greatest  pains 
T  ’  with  our  seed  corn  and  can 
furnish  seed  that  will  grow  and 
produce  the  largest  possible 
yields.  We  have  some  new  and 
improved  varieties  that  are  far 
superior  to  common  kinds. 

SEED  POTATOES 

The  best  early  and  late  varie¬ 
ties  of  our  own  raising,  free  from 
disease.  Some  bargain  prices. 
(Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  {pure )  75c 
per  bushel.) 

OATS — The  best  varieties , pure 
clean  seed. 

VEGETABLE  SEED-Largely 

our  own  growing  of  very  superi¬ 
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kinds.  Catalogue  and  price  list  free 


Potato  Growers 
Wanted 

to  write  for  Dibble’s  Seed  Potato  Catalog  containing  full  descriptions  of  the  31  varieties 
that  we  have  found  to  be  “best  by  test."  60,000  bushels  in  stock,  all  Northern  grown 
and  full  of  vigor,  at  rock  bottom  prices,  as  we  ship  direct  from  oar  1600-acre  Seed 
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Dibble’s  Seed  Potatoes  can  be  depended  on  to  do  their  share  towards  producing 
enormous  crops  of  splendid  tubers  which  can  be  sold  at  profitable  prices. 

H.  R.  Nottingham,  of  Eastville.  Va.,  writes:  "They  yielded  over  100  barrels  per  acre.” 

II.  W.  Cogging  wood.  Editor  Rural  New-Yorker,  says:  “The  seed  potatoes  were 
very  satisfactory.  L  obtained  a  yield  which  I  figure  at  300  bushels  per  acre.” 

L.  G.  Waite,  Westerly,  R.  I.,  reports:  “Rate  of  yield,  310  bushels.  Returns,  $225,00 
per  acre-” 

“  The  yield  from  your  seed  was  three  times  as  good  as  that  from  my  home  grown 
seed”  is  the  verdict  of  H.  B.  Nogg,  Ellicott  City.  Md. 

J.  H.  Sisger,  Uniontown.  I’a.,  advises  us:  “The  yield  from  your  seed  was  double 
that  from  other  seed  and  much  nicer." 

Hiram  Mount,  Edinburgh,  N.  J.,  states:  “Your  seed  did  much  the  best  of  any 
grown  in  our  section.  Very  much  better  than  Maine  seed,  and  free  from  disease." 

“  The  potatoes  I  bought  of  you  yielded  about  twice  as  much  as  my  own  seed  planted 
in  the  same  field  ”  is  the  testimony  of  G.  W.  Whitesegg,  of  Lanes ville,  W.  Va. 

We  have  hundreds  of  similar  testimonials  on  file,  and  the  evidence  of  our  customers 
from  over  two  score  States  prove  that  if  you  want  to  grow  the  best  potato  crop  you  ever 
raised,  you  should  plant  Dibble's  Seed  Potatoes. 

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sold  by  BURPEE,  Philadelphia.  Shall  we  mail  you  a  copy  of  our  Complete  New 
Catalog  for  1911?  It  is  a  Safe  Guide  to  Success  in  Gardening  and  is  free  to 
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The  Largest  Mail-Order  Seed  House  in  the  World. 


SEEDS 

ESTINTHE  WORLD 

PRICES  BELOW  ALL  OTHERS 

a  lot  of  new  sorts  for 
with  every  order  I  fill. 
Grand  Big  Catalog  CDCC 
Illustrated  with  over  £JQE£ 
700  engravings  of  vegetables 
and  flowers.  Send  yours  and 
neighbors’  addresses. 
AY,  Rockford,  Illinois 


CENT 

SEED 

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in  non  kernels  or 

lUjUUU  Sel«ctsd|fiM> 
FERTILE  SEEDS  for  IOC 

1 5 0 0  Lettuce  IOOO  Celery 

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1 00  Tomato  1 0OO  Carrot 

1  500  Turnip  tOO  Melon 

1200  Brilliant  Flower  Seeds,  50  sorts 
Any  one  of  these  packages  Is  worth 
t  e  price  we  ask  for  the  whole 
,  10,000  kernels  to  start  with.  It  is 

J)  merely  our  way  of  letting  you  test 
our  seed — proving  to  you  how 
mighty  go  d  they  are. 

„  Send  16  cents  in  stamps  to-day  and 

we  will  send  you  this  great  collection  of  seeds  by 
return  mail.  We’ll  also  mail  you  absolutely  free 
our  great  catalog  for  1911 — all  postpaid. 

JOHN  A.  SALZER  SEED  CO., 

14  South  8‘h  Street, LaCrosse,  Wl«. 


1911. 


TTHtC  rcUKA.I>  NEW-YORKER 


231 


AN  OREGON  OAT  CROP. 

On  page  90  I  noticed  a  picture  of  a 
Hudson  Valley  oat  crop  grown  with 
fertilizer.  It  is  good,  but  I  believe  the 
one  I  am  inclosing  (see  below)  beats  it 
some,  and  without  commercial  fertilizer 
too.  This  field  of  oats  we  finished  put¬ 
ting  in  April  17,  1909,  and  had  it  in  the 
shock  in  less  than  120  days.  This  was 
done  on  our  farm  here,  that  people  told 
my  father  he  would  “starve  to  death” 
on,  as  two  men  had  done  before  him, 
and  also  in  one  of  the  driest  seasons 
that  we  had  had  for  years.  Of  course 
we  used  a  16-inch  plow,  and  plowed 
more  than  five  inches  deep  by  a  good 
deal ;  sowed  two  bushels  per  acre  broad¬ 
cast,  and  harrowed  it  in  both  ways.  The 
heads  were  12  inches  or  longer,  two  and 
three  grains  to  the  spike,  and  weighed 
46  pounds  struck  measure.  Thirty 
years  ago  the  best  my  father  could  do 
was  buckwheat  six  inches  high.  I  credit 
the  change  to  his  grit  and  observation, 
rotation  of  crops,  and  keeping  enough 
stock,  or  more  than  enough,  to  manu¬ 
facture  the  crops  grown  into  high-priced 
selling  products  that  take  from  the  place 
very  little  fertilizer  value. 

This  oat  is  one  introduced  by  my 
father  about  10  years  ago,  and  has  been 
named  Hays’  Favorite  by  the  neighbors. 
One  day  when  he  was  passing  along  a 
field  of  Winter  wheat  he  noticed  three 
heads  of  oats,  from  one  seed,  standing 
“head  and  shoulders”  above  the  wheat, 
with  long,  heavy,  compact  heads,  formed 
all  around  the  stalk.  Of  course  he 
marked  the  heads  for  saving,  and  the 
result  is  that  I  believe  I  can  safely  say 
it  has  added  thousands  of  dollars  to 
the  bank  accounts  of  the  farmers  of  the 
neighborhood  in  increased  crops.  And 
besides  this,  he  has  developed  his  special 
strain  of  other  vegetables  and  grains  es¬ 
pecially  adapted  to  our  local  conditions. 
If  more  farmers  would  pay  more  atten¬ 
tion  to  what  they  plant  and  in  the  selec¬ 
tion  of  their  seed  they  would  find  that 
the  great  crop-producing  seeds  adver¬ 
tized  by  seedsmen  would  be  no  better 


than  their  own.  But  whatever  you  do, 
don’t  forget  to  get  a  few  more  head  of 
stock  to  eat  up  the  increase  in  yield 
you  expect  to  have,  and  then  bv  buying 
plenty  of  feed  for  them  until  you  get 
your  increased  yield  you  will  hurry 
things  along  and  be  sure  to  succeed. 

CHAS.  H.  HAYS. 

Washington  Co.,  Ore.  . 

Fertilizer  and  Rock  Phosphate. 

T.  F.  K.t  Carmel,  N.  Y. — I  have  a  lot 
that  I  wish  to  seed  down  this  Spring  in 
oats,  or  wait  until  August  and  seed  down 


with  grass  alone.  Which  is  the  better  way, 
and  how  much  fertilizer  per  acre  do  I  need 
to  use,  and  what  kind?  Is  phosphoric  acid 
like  nitrate  of  soda?  Can  it  be  sown  with 
the  hand  with  no  disagreeable  smell  from' 
it?  Potash  I  have  seen.  Are  phosphoric 
acid  and  South  Carolina  rock  the  same? 

Ans. — For  a  permanent  meadow  we 
should  sow  the  grass  seed  alone  in  Sep¬ 
tember.  Such  a  seeding  will  usually  be 
thicker  and  more  permanent.  You  can 
use  at  least  600  pounds  per  acre  of  one 
of  the  ready-mixed  “top-dressers”  or  of 
a  mixture  of  100  pounds  nitrate  of  soda, 
100  fine  bone,  200  acid  phosphate  and 
100  muriate  of  potash.  This  will  make 
grass  grow,  but  it  is  expensive  and 
probably  would  not  pay  with  hay  under 
$15  per  ton.  Acid  phosphate  is  a  brown 


substance  with  a  peculiar  smell,  while 
nitrate  of  soda  looks  much  like  salt. 
What  is  known  as  phosphate  rock  is  a 
substance  mined  in  parts  of  the  South. 
It  is  a  soft  rock  containing  25  per  cent 
or  more  of  phosphoric  acid.  This  phos¬ 
phate  rock  is  ground  fine.  When  it  is 
in  this  form  it  is  known  as  “floats.”  In 
this  the  phosphoric  acid  is  not  easily 
available  to  plants.  In  order  to  make  it 
quickly  available  the  “floats”  is  mixed 
with  strong  sulphuric  acid,  the  result 
being  what  is  known  as  acid  phosphate. 


Some  samples  of  this  contain  so  much 
acid  that  they  burn  or  sting  the  hands. 

Mixing  a  Compost  Heap. 

8.,  Hudson  Valley,  N.  Y. — I  am  making 
a  compost  heap  of  muck,  about  40  or  50 
two-horse  wagon  loads,  this  to  be  mixed 
witu  alternate  layers  of  muck  *and  fresh 
burnt  lime  (75  bushels),  air-slaked  before 
using.  There  will  be  used  in  the  heap 
about  10  barrels  of  wood  ashes.  I  have 
ordered  500  pounds  muriate  of  potash  and 
1,000  pounds  ground  bone.  How  much,  if 
any,  of  the  bone  and  potash  should  be 
mixed  with  the  above,  or  could  it  all  be 
used?  What  would  it  be  worth  compared 
with  ordinary  stable  manure? 

Ans. — We  should  use  all  the  bone, 
potash  and  ashes,  thoroughly  scattered 
through  the  pile  as  made  up.  Scatter 
the  lime  on  the  muck.  It  might  be  well 


to  cover  the  heap  when  made  with  a 
four-inch  layer  of  soil  and  let  it  thor¬ 
oughly  ferment.  About  April  or  May 
let  it  be  well  forked  over.  “Muck” 
varies  greatly  in  composition,  but  if  this 
is  of  ordinary  quality  the  mixture  by 
early  Summer  ought  to  be  worth  25  per 
cent  more  than  ordinary  stable  manure. 

Metal  Roof  as  Lightning  Conductor. 

Q.  li.  8.,  Elkins,  W.  Va. — In  the  January 
21  issue  there  is  an  article  about  metal 
roof  and  lightning.  My  house  is  covered 
with  metal  shingles,  and  there  is  a  water 
conductor  on  two  sides  or  corners.  They 
enter  into  drain  tile  a  few  inches  under 
ground.  Is  this  a  good  connection  with 
the  ground,  or  should  there  be  some  of 
those  metal  strips  used?  In  regard  to  those 
strips,  should  they  be  nailed  to  the  sides 
of  the  house  without  any  insulation? 

Ans. — The  conductor  pipes  leading 
into  drain  tile  laid  a  few  inches  only 
below  the  surface  are  not  a  satisfactory 
termination  for  a  lightning  conductor, 
for  the  reason  that  the  ground  is  certain 
to  be  too  dry,  except  at  the  time  or  im¬ 
mediately  after  heavy  rain.  The  destruc¬ 
tive  effect  of  lightning,  which  is  usually 
associated  with  showers,  is  liable  to  oc¬ 
cur  before  the  rain,  or  before  the  ground 
has  been  sufficiently  moistened  to  make 
it  the  best  conductor.  The  metal  strips, 
used  as  lightning  conductors,  may  be 
nailed  directly  to  the  side  of  the  build¬ 
ing.  There  is  no  need  of  insulation. 

F.  H.  KING. 

Lady  (to  professor  who  has  spoken 
learnedly  of  the  Atlantosaurus,  Ichthy¬ 
osaurus,  Iguanodon,  etc.)  :  “How  in¬ 
teresting!  Flow  very  interesting!  But 
do  you  think  we  can  be  really  quite 
sure  they  were  called  by  those  strange 
names  ?” — Punch. 

Waiter:  “What  will  you  have  sir?” 
Customer  (looking  over  the  restaurant 
bill  of  fare)  :  “Permit  me  to  cogitate. 
In  the  correlation  of  forces  it  is  a  recog¬ 
nized  property  of  atomic  fragments, 

whatever  their  ages,  to  join,  and - ” 

Waiter  (shouts  across  the  hall)  :  Hash 
for  one!” — Tit-Bits. 


A  FIELD  OF  OREGON  OATS. 


7MnnthQ  tn  Pav  If  y°u  like  this  en- 

IVIU1IUG9  m  ay  gine  after  trying  it  out 

for  ten  whole  days  you  can  keep  it  and  take  seven  months  to  pay  for  it  on  easy  monthly  payments. 

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ulars  of  this  stupendous  offer  free.  Don’t  forget  that  when  you  send  us  your  name  you  get 
the  book  “How  to  Use  Power”  also  free. 

C  CiU2ll'a21iTl,£t£*  Schmidt’s  Chilled  Cylinder  Gasoline  En- 

_  ■  9  wUCail  itSiatCC  gine  is  absolutely  guaranteed  for 5  years  in  every 

piece  and  part.  The  biggest  bank  in  Iowa  backs  our  SI, 000  challenge  offer  on  our  Engines.  ^ 

Get  particulars  of  this  amazing  offer  before  you  g 
tfCIBU  think  of  buying  any  engine  from  anybody.  Learn  all  about  ■ 

this  wonderful  new  type  economy  engine,  so  easy  to  handle.  Get  our  catalogs  before  you  obligate  ■ 
yourself  to  anybody  or  make  any  decision.  Learn  about  the  wonderful  Chilled  Cylinder,  learn  * 
how  useful  the  Engine  will  be  to  you  and  to  the  women  folks  on  the  farm.  Learn  how  many  ■ 

things  you  can  do  with  a  chilled  cylinder  engine  and  how  to  save  all  dealers  profits  for  yourself.  ■ 

Send  your  name  today.  Fill  out  the  coupon  or  drop  us  a  postal  card.  Actquiekly.  Write  now. 

Schmidt  Bros.  Co.  Engine  Works  Dept.  3582  Davenport,  Iowa 


And  You  Keep 

This  Great  Engine 

Yes,  sir,  that’s  right — you  keep  this  engine  for  $7.50,  a  wonderful  gasoline 
engine  offer,  an  offer  without  a  parallel.  We  ship  you  Schmidt’s  Chilled  Cylinder 
Gasoline  Engine  on  your  simple  request  without  an  order  or  any  promise  from  you.  You  use  the 
engine  10  entire  days,  use  it  all  you  want  to.  Then  if  you  don’t  want  it,  send  it  back  at  our 
expense.  If  you  do  wish  to  keep  it,  pay  us  only  $7.50  and  the  rest  in  the  easiest  monthly  payments. 

We  send  you  the  engine  free,  to  prove  that  it  is  the  greatest  air  cooled  3  horse 
power  engine  on  earth.  We  want  you  to  see  for  yourself  that  it  is  better  than  any  other  engine  that 
costs  twice  and  three  times  as  much.  It  is  the  only  engine  with  the  marvelous,  powerful  chilled 
cylinder.  The  only  engine  for  farm  use  with  a  spark  retarder.  This  is  Schmidt’s  Chilled  Cylinder 
Gasoline  Engine.  The  new  type  gasoline  engine  that  has  revolutionized  the  gasoline  engine 
industry.  The  only  engine  good  enough  to  send  out  on  actual  free  trial  without  a  cent  down  in  any 
way  and  then  sold  to  you  on  easy  payments  if  you  want  it.  Let  us  tell  you  about  the  Chilled 
Cylinder  and.spark  retarder.  Write  for  catalogs  and  wholesale  price.  _ _  _ _ 

10  Days  Trial  FREE 

This  is  the  first  genuine  free  trial  ever  offered  on  gasoline  engines  for  farm  and  shop  use.  We  want 

you  to  sec  that  women  and  children  can  run  this  engine.  Use  the  engine  to  run  any  machinery  you  have — the  pump — sepa¬ 
rator — washing  machine — com  sheller — grinder — anything,  and  remember  the  engine  is  ready  to  run  when  you  get  it — complete 
and  ready  to  run.  Your  daughter,  wife  or  son  can  run  this  engine  as  easily  as  winding  a  clock.  Send  the  free  coupon  and  we 
will  send  you  prepaid  our  sensational  offer  and  our  very  useful  book,  “How  to  Use  Power”  free. 


Schmidt  Bros.  Co.  Engine  Works 


Dept.  3583,  Davenport,  Iowa 


Gentlemen: — Please  send  me  absolutely  free,  postpaid,  your  engine  catalogs,  ■wholesale  price  on  easy 
payments,  all  information  about  your  free  trial  offer  on  Schmidt’s  Chi  lied  Cylinder  Gasoline  Engine, 
also  a  copy  of  your  free  book, “How  to  Use  Power  on  the  Farm  or  in  the  Shop,”  all  free  and  postpaid. 

k  ,i  me _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .........  — - — -  —  -  ~ ,  ______ 

Addi  ess...... ......... ......... ......... ....................................... . ........... .. ............................ ..... ........ . . . .  Ai 


232 


'THE.  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


February  25. 


G  7  BUSHELS  MORE 
t J  §  POTATOES 
PER  ACRE 

WHERE  PLANTED  WITH 

JRQNAGi 

(Improved  Robbins) 

Potato  Planter 

Average  results  obtained  in  a  careful, 
thorough  test  against  a  “picker”  planter  by 
Maine  State  Experimental  Station,  in  1910. 
Ask  us  quick  for  the  proof— we  will  send  you 
now  bona  fide  copy  of  their  report  in  Bulletin 
No.  188,  which  will  be  ready 
about  March  15th.  Shows 
exact  results.  Also,  compar¬ 
ison  of  level  culture,  high 
and  moderate  ridging. 

100  per  cent,  perfect 
planting  is  what  y8u 
want — no  doubles,  no 
misses,  no  injury  to 
seed.  Address 


Uau  on  rear  seat  makes 
corrections  only. 


ISBELL’S  SEEDS 

For  only  10c  we  send  five^ 
packets  FI  owerSeeds  or  five 
packets  Vegetable  Seeds 
and  then  return  the  money 
in  the  form  of  aDue  Bill 
good  for  10c  to  apply  on 
any  order  amounting 
to  50c  or  more. 

We  also  send  free  our 
large  104  page  Seed  A  n- 
mial ,  quoting f res  k ,  vita  1 
Michigan-grown  seeds  at  very 
moderate  prices.  Perfect  satisfac¬ 
tion  or  money  refunded-  Send  to-day. 

S.  M.  ISBELL  &  Co.,  Seedsmen 

Box  40  I  JACKSON,  MICH. 


FRUIT  TREES. 

Apples,  Peaches,  Cherries,  Pears  and  Plum  Trees 
at  wholesale  prices.  Our  trees  and  plants  are 
grown  in  that  famous  Nursery  Belt  of  Ontario 
County.  Write  today  and  get  our  FREE  Catalogue 
on  Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees.  It  will  pay  you 
to  see  our  Catalogue  before  purchasing.  ONTARIO 
NURSE UY  CO.  (Inc.),  Geneva,  N.  Y.,  Ontario 
County,  Box  21, 


Olympic  Nature  Nursery. 

THE  FOREST  CONSERVATORY. 

Oregon  Grape,  Rhododendron,  Madrona,  Huckle¬ 
berry,  Ferns,  Blackberry,  Salal,  Twin  Flower, 
Spirea,  Trillium,  Wild  Lily-of-tne-Valley,  Ever¬ 
greens  and  other  Puget  Sound  Plants  and  Flowers. 

Special  Mail  Collections—1 Ten  plants  for  50  cents; 
24  for  $1,  postpaid  in  the  United  States.  Money 
back  if  not  satisfied.  Make  money  orders  payable 
to  JOEL  SHOMAKER,  Nellita,  Washington. 


The  Douglas  Pear. 

Introduced  by  A.  H.  GkIESA,  Lawrence,  Kansas. 


Argenteuil  Asparagus  Roots JiSSSS 

seed.  $4.00  per  1.000,  f.  o.  b.  packed. 

E.  LAURENS  BEEKMAN.  Middletown,  N.  J. 


ALFALFA 

All  Northern  grown,  guaranteed  to  be  99  percent 
pure  and  free  from  doddej.  Write  for  free  sample 
on  which  we  Invite  you  *0  get  Govdrfftaent  tests. 
This  seed  shonld  produce  hay  at  $60  per  acre^  an¬ 
nually.  Free  instructions  on  growing. 

GRAIN  AND  GRASS  SEED 

Northern  grown  and  of  .strongest  vitality.  We 
handle  export  grade  only  and  can  furnish  grass 
mixture  suitable  for  any  soils.  Write  for  catalog. 

WING  SEED  CO.,  Box  J523  Mechanicsburg.  O. 


NEW  SEED  OATS.  Big  money 

in  right  kind  of  oats.  Here’s 
your  chance.  Imported  Canadian 
seed  oats,  raised  on  Galloway 
Brothers’  big  farm  in  Canada. 
New,  clean  land.  Regenerated 
Swedish  Select  went  116  bushels 
to  acre ;  Early  New  Market  110  bushels  to  acre.  Farmers  who 
bought  this  seed  from  us  last  year  raised  as  high  as  75  to  100 
bushels  in  this  country,  and  found  out  their  old  seed  was  inbred 
find  run  out.  Change  your  seed.  Try  some  of  this  new  seed, 
pend  for  free  sample,  or  10  cents  for  large  packet.  Will  also  send 
our  iree  booklet,  entitled  “Big  Money  in  Oats  and  How  to  Grow 
Them.’*  Gauoway  Bros. -Bowman  Company 
662  Galloway  Station  Waterloo,  Iowa 


✓X  THAT  YIELD.  Our  Sensation  Oats 

AaA  I  breaks  all  records.  Nothing  like  it. 

Also  SEED  CORN.  Samples  and  cat¬ 
alog  free.  THEO.  BURT  &  SONS,  MELROSE,  OHIO, 


AITQ  Read’s  Green  Mountain  Won- 
w EL Ci II  UA  I  W  derful  new  variety.  Yields 
130  bus.  to  acre.  Absolutely  rustproof.  Outyielded 
Swedish  Select  in  five-year  test.  Circular  free. 

G.  A.  READ.  Read’s  Experiment  Farms,  Charlotte,' Vt. 

FOR  ALL  KINDS  OF 

CLOVER  and  FIELD 
SEEDS  also  GARDEN’, 
FLOWER  SEEDS 
and  Implements 

Write  to  this  Old  Reliable 
House— Catalogue  Free 
and  Field  Seed  Price  List 
mailed  you  on  application. 

THE  HENRY  PHILIPPS  SEED  AND  IMPLEMENT  CO.Joledo,  0. 


N.  WERTHEIMER  &  SON 

Choice  seeds  honghtdirect  from  the  farmer  and  sold 
direct  to  the  farmer.  We  offer  you  the  choicest 
seeds,  doubly  recleaned,  Medium  and  Mammoth 
Clover  Seed,  Alsike,  Alfalfa.  Timothy,  Crimson 
Clover,  White  Clover,  Red  Top,  Orchard  Grass, 
Blue  Grass,  Lawn  Grass,  all  kinds  of  Corn,  Spring 
and  Winter  Wheat,  Buckwheat,  all  kinds  of  Peas. 
Samples  and  prices  sent  on  application.  *  *  * 

N.  WERTHEIMER  &  SON  LIG0NIER,  INDIANA 


PIONEER 

SIS 


From  Sand  Bank  to  Lawn. 

M.  C.  11.,  Island  Creek,  Mass. — How  can 
I  change  a  sand  bank  into  a  nice  lawn? 
If  I  can  get  a  few  tons  of  feed  for  the 
hens  off  this  same  land  so  much  the  bet¬ 
ter.  The  strip  of  land  contains  about  five 
acres,  nice  and  level,  sandy  loam  with 
gravel  sub-soil,  about  SO  feet  down  to  never- 
failing  water.  In  a  wet  season  potatoes, 
flint  corn  and  millet  grow  quite  well,  but 
it  does  not  seem  to  grass  over.  I  have 
never  tried  it  myself,  as  I  have  only  been 
here  a  short  time,  but  others  say  it  is  no 
use  to  try  to  get  it  in  grass. 

Ans. — You  cannot  expect  to  have  a 
lawn  or  successful  grass  land  until  you 
have  soil  that  will  hold  moisture,  be 
well  filled  with  vegetable  matter,  have 
an  abundance  of  plant  food  and  lime 
enough  to  make  it  sweet.  Your  soil  is 
probably  sour,  lacks  humus  and  will  not 
hold  water.  You  cannot  make  it  into  a 
lawn  until  you  change  its  character. 
That  will  be  a  long  job.  If  you  want  to 
begin  this  Spring,  plow  part  of  the  land 
and  use  at  least  one  ton  of  lime  to  the 
acre.  Seed  to  oats  and  Canada  peas 
broadcast.  About  July  1  plow  the  crop 
under.  Do  not  remove  any  part  of  it. 
Harrow  and  seed  to  Japanese  millet, 
using  a  fair  amount  of  fertilizer.  In  late 
August  plow  the  millet  under  and  seed 
to  rye  and  Cow-horn  turnips  mixed.  Let 
these  grow  through  the  Winter  and  in 
the  Spring  when  the  rye  is  in  bloom 
plow  under  and  roll  hard.  Then  plant 
some  quick-growing  crop  like  beans  or 
early  corn,  which  you  can  cultivate  in¬ 
tensely.  Fertilize  this  crop  well.  Get  it 
off  by  early  September,  and  then  plow 
and  fit  the  land  well  and  sow  your  grass 
seed  with  another  good  dose  of  fertilizer. 
If  you  can  get  manure,  put  on  a  heavy 
coat  before  the  last  plowing.  You  will 
find  the  character  of  the  soil  changed. 
The  lime  will  sweeten  it,  the  crops 
plowed  under  will  give  it  “body”  or 
humus  to  hold  moisture,  and  the  manure 
and  fertilizer  will  provide  plant  food. 
This  may  seem  like  a  slow  and  expen¬ 
sive  way  to  make  a  lawn,  but  you  can¬ 
not  expect  to  change  a  sand  bank  into 
good  sod  for  nothing.  A  man  can  start 
with  very  poor  soil  and  sow  turnips. 
They  will  make  a  poor  growth,  but  when 
plowed  under  buckwheat  will  grow  a 
little  better.  Plow  under  the  buckwheat 
and  use  a  little  lime  and  there  will  be  a 
fair  crop  of  rye.  Plow  the  rye  under 
the  next  year  and  seed  to  beans  or  cow 
peas.  Plow  these  under  and  sow  rye 
again  with  a  little  more  lime.  Then  if 
the  farmer  can  afford  some  manure  or 
fertilizer  on  the  rye  he  can  seed  to 
clover  with  a  fair  chance  for  a  crop. 
This  is  slow  work,  and  most  men  would 
not  feel  that  they  can  afford  to  plow  all 
these  crops  under. 


Rye  as  a  Green  Manure. 

A.  W.  G.,  Utica,  Pa. — I  would  like  some 
advice  in  regard  to  my  method  of  renovat¬ 
ing  a  very  poor  piece  of  ground.  About 
the  first  of  August,  1909,  I  concluded  to 
try  the  experiment  of  sowing  and  plow¬ 
ing  down  rye.  I  plowed  four  acres,  rolled 
and  harrowed  about  every  10  days  until 
the  last  of  September,  when  I  drilled  in 
the  rye  1  1-4  bushels  per  acre,  with  $2 
worth  of  fertilizer  per  acre.  Sometime  in 
July,  1910,  when  rye  was  just  in  bloom,  I 
had  it  plowed  down,  plowed  deeply  and 
covered  completely,  rolled,  harrowed  and 
drilled  as  before,  only  using  a  little  more 
fertilizer.  The  rye  looks  well  now.  I  in¬ 
tend  plowing  down  as  before,  but  as  I  have 
never  seen  this  done,  the  question  arises,  at 
what  time  is  it  best  to  plow  the  rye  down, 
when  in  blossom  or  when  the  rye  is  fully 
ripe?  Lately  I  have  been  thinking  the  lat¬ 
ter  would  be  advisable ;  then  let  the  land 
rest  the  next  year. 

Ans. — Naturally  it  depends  somewhat 
upon  what  you  intend  to  do  with  this 
land.  Why  let  the  land  “rest”  another 
year?  It  is  now  well  filled  with  vege¬ 
table  matter,  and  if  limed  and  fertilized 
it  might  well  be  put  at  work  growing 
crops.  We  aim  to  plow  the  rye  under 
when  in  bloom.  If  you  wait  longer  the 
rye  straw  becomes  hard  and  tough,  and 
does  not  decay  readily.  We  think  three 
mistakes  are  often  made  in  plowing 
under  rye.  Some  plow  it  under  when 
too  green,  and  thus  sour  the  soil  unless 
they  use  lime.  Others  plow  without 
rolling  and  packing,  while  others  let  it 
stand  too  long. 

“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 


-JDreers  GardenBook 


T-TUNDREDS  of  Cultural  Articles,  by  experts,  tell¬ 
ing  in  plain  language  how  to  grow  the  best  Flowers, 
Vegetables  and  Plants;  preparation  of  soil,  fertilizers, 
time  of  planting,  cultivating,  etc. 

73d  Annual  edition,  288  pages,  nearly  1000  illustrations,  8  color  and 
duotone  plates.  Describes  Flower  Seeds,  over  1,200  varieties;  Vegetables,  600 
varieties;  Plants,  2,000  varieties.  Also  hundreds  of  Shrubs,  Climbers,  Aquatics, 
Lawn  Grasses,  etc.  All  time-tested  and  reliable. 

Mailed  free  to  anyone  mentioning  this  publication. 


Dreer’s  Orchid-flowered  Sweet  Peas 

These  are  the  arlcfoeratg  of  the  Sweet  Pea  family,  nnd juSt  as  easy  to  prow  as  the  ordinary 
sorts.  Flowers  of  extraordinary  size  with  wavy  petals  usually  borne  four  to  a  spray  K  mix¬ 
ture  containing  all  colors,  10c  per  packet,  15c  per  oz.  “Garden  Rook”  free  with  each  order 

HENRY  A.  DREE R  714  CJP ml^DEL P H I AE ET 


Strawberry  Plants 


Large  stock  thrifty  young  plants  from  famous 
‘‘Heritage”  strain.  Prolific  hearer.  Also  Trees, 
v  ines, California  Privet,  Asparagus  Roots,  Spraying 
Outfits,  Garden  Tools,  etc.  Write  today  for  FREE  catalog. 

Arthur  J.  Collins,  Box  R,  Moorestown,  N.  J. 


It  Pays  You  Big  to  Grow 
Berries  like  These 

A  farmer,  who  lived  in  Philadelphia  last  season,  kept  a 
record  of  the  Strawberries  his  family  used.  On  July  nrst 
the  average  price  he  had  paid  was  at  the  rate  of five  cents 
for  three  berries.  Now,  such  prices  mean  big  pay  to 
the  growers.  And  this  practical  farmer  saw  how,  by  his 
own  efforts  alone,  with  a  little  help  at  picking-time, 
lie  could  make  $2,000  a  year  growing  strawberries. 

That’s  why  he  planted  an  acre  on  his  Pennsylvania 
farm, and  why  he  put  plants  between  his  young  orchard 
trees,- -to  pay  all  the  expenses  of  the  trees  till  they  bear. 
His  farm  is  pai  t  for  now.  but  he  will  tell  that  it  could  be 
bought  over  a-ain  in  half  the  time,  with  bemes  sold  on 
present  markets.  Think  this  over,  then  get  busy. 

Our  1911  Book  Tells  About 
“Three-for-a  Nickel”  Berries 

The  one  great  big,  vital  factor  with  Strawberries  is 
good  plants  ofihe  right  kinds.  Heavy  crops  of  high- 
colored,  rich-flavored,  solid,  perfect  berries,  which  can 
be  sold  when  high  prices  prevail,  are  the  key  to  success. 

Our  methods  and  conditions  make  perfect  plants,  and 
In  our  test  field  seven  varieties  have  pulled  far  ahead. 
Our  1911  complete  fruit  book  tells  how,  and  why.  It 
is  almost  a  fruit-grower’s  guide — new,  different,  ravalu- 

g*  it.Y£«f  HARRISON’S 

you  tell  what  Ary . NURSERIES 

^t reel* you  n”ed.  /'CSk-V-ql  Berlin.Mar’yland 

and  ya‘rpostal  (w  -V  j  •v/))  Orlando  Harrison 


STRAWBERRYjPLANTS 

200  Acres  of  Them.  I  Grow  Nothing  Else 

I  do  not  run  a  nursery— or  seed  business . 

I  devote  all  my  time  to  Strawberry 
Plant1-  I  personally  superintend  my 
farm*  '"•very  plant  guaranteed  * *  true  to 
name*/  Plants  grown  in  Natural  Straw¬ 
berry  Climate  ;  soil  right,  too.  Strong 
rooted,  prolific  bearers.  Prices  right.  Get 
my  1911  Catalog.  Write  to-day. — NOW. 

W.  W.  THOMAS.  The  Strawbern  Plant  Man  256  Main  St.,  Anna,  III. 


200  Bushels  of  Strawberries 
From  a  Single  Acre 

One  of  our  patrons  made  this  record  with 
plants  bought  of  us.  J ust  a-ka  commission 
man  what  this  quantity  of  fruit  would  have 
brought  the  grower  any  year  lately,  and  : 
you’ll  see  that  there's  money  in  berries.  ' 

Knight’s  Free  Book 
on  Small  Fruit 


Tells  the  best  Strawberries,  Rasp¬ 
berries,  Blackberries,  Dewberries, 
Gooseberries,  Currants,  etc.,  and  just 
how  to  grow  them.  Knight’s  plants 
have  a  national  reputation  for 
quality  and  high  vigor.  Send 
for  free  copy  of  our  catalogue, 

David  Knight 
&  Son 

Box  56  Sawyer,  Mich. 


WONDERFUL 


FALL-BEARING 


Strawberry 


Fruits  in  Fall  of  first  year  and  in  Spring  and  Fall 
of  second  year.  Better  than  a  gold 
mine.  500plantssetin  Spring  of  1910 
produced  in  Aug.,  Sept.,  Oct.  and 
Nov.  nearly  400  quarts,  which 
sold  at  40c  to  60c  per  qt.,  netting 
us  over  $2,000  to  the  acre. 

We  are  headquarters  for  these  i 
plants.  Also  all  other  Berry  Plants 
—  Plum  Farmer,  Idaho  and  Royal 
Purple  Raspberries,  Norwood  and 
Early  Ozark  Strawberries.  Hastings 
Potato.  28  years  experience.  Catalog  will  be  sent  you 
free.  Write  to-day.  L.  J.  FARMER,  BOX  1 2D,  Pulaiki,  N.Y. 


5,000  QUARTS  OF 

STRAWBERRIES 

in  September  and  October 
from  one  acre  by  planting 
Kevitt’s  New  FallTBearing 
Plants.  This  I  guarantee  or 
1  will  return  your  money 
paid  for  plants.  Send  for  my 
catalogue.  Over  five  new 
fall-bearing  varieties. 

T.  C.  KEVITT,  ATHENIA,  N.  J. 


PLANTS 


Our  free  book  quotes 
lowest  prices,  honestly 
describes  60  varieties, 
explains  C.  O.  D.  plan, 
tells  liow  to  plant  and  grow  strawberries,  rasp¬ 
berries,  blackberries,  grapes,  etc. 

A.  G.  BLOUNT,  Dept.  A,  Hastings,  N.  Y. 

50,000  WILDER  CURRANT 

Plants,  1  year,  at  $14.00  per  M;  in  lots  of  5,000,  $12.00 
per  M.  J.  F.  WYGAN’l,  Marlboro,  N.  Y,  , 


CABBAGE  SEED 

New  Enkhuizen  Glory  (the  world’s  best  cab¬ 
bage):  extra  selected  seed,  my  own  importa¬ 
tion.  direct  from  Introducers  In  Holland  of 
this  truly  wonderful  Cabbage,  Lb.  $2  50.  Oz., 

35  cts.,  Pkt.,  10  cts.  E.  J.  Wakefield,  All 
Head  Early.  Early  Summer,  Succession, 
Winnigstadt,  Surehead.  Late  Flat  Dutch, 
Drumhead,  Lb.  $1.50,  Oz.  20  cts.,  Pkt.  5  cts. 
Postpaid.  Write  for  free  Catalog. 

J.  AUG.  DRAKE,  Seedsman,  100  Main  St.,  Chester,  N.  J. 

CABBAGE  SEED— Finest  Danish  Ball  Head  Cabbage 
Seed  grown.  Imported  stock  Oz. ,  30c;  J4  lb., 
80c;  1  lb.,  $2.50,  postpaid.  Danish  Giant  Cauli¬ 
flower,  oz..  $2.00,  Order  now.  THB  BATCHELOR 
SEED  STORE,  48  Lafayette  Street,  Utica,  N.  Y. 


ONTON  home-grown  stock. 

OEELf  Send  for  sampies  and 
prices.  J.  B.  QUIRK,  North  Madison,  Ohio. 

O/V/O/V  SEED 


We  are  headquarters  for  a  full  line  of  Stras- 
burg.  Flat  Danvers  and  Yellow  Globe  Onion 
Seed.  Try  them  for  No.  1  stock.  Get  prices. 
- THEILM ANN  SEED  CO.,  ERIE,  PA. - 


errne  Clovers;  Medium  Red,  Mammoth, 
OCCUO  Alsike,  Alfalfa;  Timothy,  Blue  Grass, 
Red  Top,  Soy  Beans,  Cow  Peas,  Oats,  Corn,  etc. 
Send  tor  prices  and  samples. 

ZAC’K  DAVIS  CO.,  Delaware  Ohio 

Clover  Seed,  Seed  Corn,  Seed  Oats,  *igp 

Highest  quality.  Why  not  buy  these  direct?  Cata¬ 
log  of  all  kinds  of  farm  seeds  mailed  free  on  re¬ 
quest.  MACE  &  MANSFIELD,  Greenville,  Ohio. 

l>otat°es,  Disease-Proof  Read’s 
^ Goldenflake,  Golden  Gem,  and  Peach- 
blow.  Newvarieties,  wonders.  Solddirect.  Write 
for  facts.,  G.  A.  READ  Read's  Exp.  Farms,  Charlotte,  Vt. 

CLOVER  *"o  TIMOTHY  TiSIH 

Cheapest  and  Best  Seeding  Known 

Alsike,  Clover  and  Timothy  mixed.  Fully  %  Al¬ 
sike,  a  great  bargain.  Most  wonderful  hay  and  pas¬ 
ture  combination  that  grows.  TV rite  for  Free  Sam¬ 
ple  and  our  large  76-page  catalog  describing  this 
wonderful  grass  mixture.  Far  ahead  of  anything 
you  can  sow  and  ridiculously  cheap.  Be  convinced. 
4.  A.  Berry  .Seed  Co.,  Boxg60  Clariuda,  Iowa- 

^LTDrnTQ  everbearing 
OL RLULj  raspberry 

Bears  the  first  season  ! 

The  most  productive  rasp¬ 
berry — planted  in  April,  bears 
continuously  from  June  to 
October  of  same  year.  The 
first  to  ripen  and  the  last.  Ber¬ 
ries  large,  of  bright  red  color 
and  excellent  quality  —  ship 
200  miles  in  first-class  order. 
Absolutely  hardy  a  sun-proof. 

Out  new  catalog  Free — tells 
how  to  choose  and  grow  small 
fruits  “that produce  profits.’’ 

J,  T.  LOVETT,  1 
Box  162  Little  Silver,  N.  J. 


— The  best  ever. 

Ironclad  in 
Currant  Bushes. 
VIEW  FRUIT 


Perfection  Red  Raspberry 

hardiness;  most  prolific.  Wilder  ( 
Send  for  circular.  VALLEY 
FARM,  Marlborough,  N.  Y. 


WHOLESALE  PRICES 


On  Strawberry,  Raspberry,  Blackberry,  Gooseberry, 
'  Grape  Plants,  Heavy  Rooted, 


Currant,  Asparagus  and  Grape  Plants,  Heavy  Roote 
Hlgb  Grade  Stock.  I9tb  Annual  Catalogue  Free. 

R.  WESTON  A  CO-  R.  8  Bridgman,  Mich, 

Strawberry  Plants  SS  “S^ 

plants.  Low  prices.  H,  H.  BENNING,  Clyde,  N.Y 

STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  for  Business.  Fancy 
Berries.  That’s  what  talks.  Leading  varieties. 
Catalogue  free.  D.  M.  TEETER,  Belleville,  Ohio. 


S 


TRAWBERRY  PLANTS  only  *1.50  &  $1 .75  per  1000.  Ulus. 
Catalogue  Free.  S.  A.  VIRDIN,  Har.ly,  Del. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS— New  and  old  varieties.  Send 
for  new  Illus.  Catalogue  for  1911.  Prices  from 
$1.50  per  1,000  up.  DAVID  RODWAY,  Hartly,  Del. 

Strawberry  Plants-f“TrU; 

at  ST .00  per  1,000  and  up.  Catalogue  free. 

ALLF.N  BROS.,  l’AW  PAW,  Mich. 

STB  A  W  RE  BUY  Plants.  Send  for  free  catalog.  Large 
stock  Miller,  best  red  raspberry,  only  $5  pci-  1000.  Also, 
eggs  for  hatching.  Pure  W.  Wv.  and  B.  P.  R.,  2G  eggs 
for  $1.25.  Slaymaker  &  Sox,  Wyoming,  Del. 

PLANTS  FOR  SALE— All  varieties  of  Early  and  Late 
Vegetable  Plants;  also  forty  varieties  Straw¬ 
berries;  juices  right;  established  twenty  years. 
Price  list  free.  S.  C.  ATHERTON,  Green  wood.  Del. 

^trau/horru  Plsntc  of  the  Best  Vaiietics- 

OMunUCliy  riulllo  Descriptive  Catalogue 
Free.  BASIL  PERRY,  D.  18,  Cool  Spring,  Del. 

FRUIT  TREES  and  PLANTS 

At  prices  that  will  astonish  you.  Send  for  Whole¬ 
sale  Price  List  and  Lithographs.  Several  good 
collections  cheap.  We  have  a  complete  assortment 
in  all  varieties  of  fruit  trees  and  plants.  Special 
Strawberry  Catalog.  Headquarters  for  the  Old- 
Fashioned  Sweet  Cherry.  No  crooked  or  inferior 
stock  sold  at  any  price.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
L’AMOREAUX  NURSERY  CO..  Schoharie,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


THE  RURA.L,  NEW-YORKER 


233 


THAT  DRILL  CONTRACT  CASE.  VERMONT  OR  MARYLAND. 


On  page  2  is  the  story  of  a  case  in  Ohio 
where  a  dealer  was  sued  on  a  contract  for 
farm  machinery  and  forced  to  pay  for 
grain  drills  which  were  not  satisfactory. 
This  should  be  explained  still  further  for 
the  benefit  of  many  readrs  who  do  not 
fully  understand  what  a  contract  is. 

With  a  machine  or  other  article,  ad¬ 
vertised  and  sold  to  do  certain  work, 
there  is  an  implied  warranty  that  such 
machine  will  operate  in  a  satisfactory 
manner,  and  any  court  will  so  rule,  pro¬ 
vided  there  is  no  specific  contract  be¬ 
tween  buyer  and  seller.  However,  when 
the  buyer  signs  a  specific  contract  he 
waives  all  implied  warranty,  and  the 
purchased  article  is  only  warranted  as 
specified  in  the  signed  contract.  Hence 
the  buyer  should  sign  no  contract  until 
he  is  sure  that  it  guarantees  the  machine 
fully. 

In  the  case  of  the  drills  mentioned 
some  time  ago,  the  local  dealer  took 
back  from  his  customers  all  the  drills 
upon  complaint  that  they  would  not 
work  properly,  but  when  time  came  for 
settlement  with  the  makers  he  wanted 
pay  for  storage  charges  and  incidental 
expenses.  The  manufacturers  offered  to 
rebuild  the  drills,  but  refused  to  pay 
the  dealer’s  expenses.  The  whole  mat¬ 
ter  depends  on  the  contract,  and  this 
contract  the  local  dealer  should  not  have 
signed,  and  if  he  wanted  to  sell  this 
make  of  drill  he  should  have  bought 
them  without  a  signed  or  other  specific 
contract,  for  then  if  the  machines  did 
not  work  properly  the  makers  could  not 
collect  their  cost,  under  the  law,  until 
made  satisfactory  to  the  purchaser.  A 
contract  is  sacred  in  law  and  a  specific 
contract  or  warranty  waives  any  implied 
warranty  and  excludes  any  claims  not 
in  the  specific  contract.  So  much  for 
the  legal  aspects  of  the  case.  From  a 
common  sense  business  standpoint  the 
drill  company  in  this  case  is  making  a 
blunder  that  will  do  them  much  harm 
for  years  to  come.  They  should  see 
that  the  machines  they  make  are  really 
wheat  drills,  and  not  something  that 
looks  like  wheat  drills.  About  all  the 
local  dealer  can  do  under  the  law,  and 
bound  by  such  a  contract,  is  to  pay  for 
his  junk,  and  decide  not  to  sign  the 
next  contract.  One  of  the  attorneys  in 
this  case  tells  me  that  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Minnesota,  in  a  recent  decision, 
upheld  the  lower  courts  that  decided  a 
case  for  the  plaintiffs  on  a  contract 
similar  to  the  one  referred  to  above. 
Recently,  in  a  adjoining  county,  Clin¬ 
ton,  a  suit  has  been  filed  by  this  drill 
company  to  recover  the  price  of  20 
drills.  It  is  very  probable  that  a  verdict 
will  be  rendered  similar  to  the  one  ren¬ 


E.  L.  8.,  Guilford,  Yt. — Od  the  east  shore 
of  Maryland  there  are  farms  that  can  be 
bought  for  $8  an  acre.  I  was  there  once 
for  a  short  time ;  the  soil  looked  good,  level 
and  free  from  stones,  and  is  quite  near 
markets.  What  is  the  cause  of  this  cheap 
land?  The  buildings  are  not  much;  could 
a  man  go  there  with  capital  enough  to  start 
free  from  debt  and  take  a  carload  of  pure¬ 
bred  cattle  with  him  (as  I  did  not  see  any 
stock  there),  and  go  to  work?  Do  you  think 
he  could  make  one  of  those  farms  of  much 
value?  Or  would  it  be  better  to  stay  in 
Vermont  among  my  rocks  and  the  eight- 
month  Winter. 

Ans. — We  have  had  some  500  letters 
from  people  who  ask  advice  about 
changing  their  location.  There  are  good 
opportunities  in  the  section  you  mention. 
While  much  of  the  land  has  been  neg¬ 
lected  it  will  respond  to  good  culture 
and  fertilizing.  Clover,  cow  peas,  Soy 
beans,  Alfalfa  and  other  forage  crops 
can  be  grown,  the  seasons  are  long  and 
the  climate  is  mild.  There  may  be  ob¬ 
jections  to  stock  raising  that  we  do  not 
know  of,  but  it  looks  as  if  cattle  and 
hogs  would  do  well  in  that  country.  The 
conditions  which  make  land  cheap  date 
back  to  the  Civil  War  or  beyond  it. 
There  has  been  great  lack  of  ambition 
on  the  part  of  many  native  farmers, 
and  others  have  gone  west  and  farther 
south.  A  new  comer  without  preju¬ 
dice  or  easy-going  habits  would  be  likely 
to  do  well  if  he  has  the  patience  to  stay 
by  his  job  until  he  learns  how.  When 
it  comes  to  telling  a  man  whether  he 
should  stay  in  Vermont  or  go  south  we 
are  out  of  it,  for  that  is  simply  a  ques¬ 
tion  for  the  man.  How  deeply  is  he 
rooted  where  lie  is?  Can  he  and  his 
wife  and  family  stand  the  strain  of  go¬ 
ing  from  the  hills  down  into  a  flat,  level 
land?  Will  they  be  homesick  for  old 
friends  and  old  scenes?  That  is  what  it 
will  finally  come  to  with  most  people. 
The  chances  are  that  an  enterprising 
man  can  make  more  money  with  his 
cattle  in  Maryland,  but  will  his  family 
be  satisfied? 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal,”  See  guarantee  page  16. 

IT’S  FOOD 

That  Restores  and  Makes  Health  Possible. 

There  are  stomach  specialists  as  well 
as  eye  and  ear  and  other  specialists. 

One  of  these  told  a  young  lady,  of 
New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  to  quit  medicines 
and  eat  Grape-Nuts.  She  says: 

“For  about  12  months  I  suffered  se¬ 
verely  with  gastritis.  I  was  unable  to 
retain  much  of  anything  on  my  stomach, 
and  consequently  was  compelled  to  give 
up  my  occupation. 

“I  took  quantities  of  medicine,  and  had 
an  idea  I  was  dieting,  but  I  continued 
to  suffer,  and  soon  lost  15  pounds  in 
weight.  I  was  depressed  in  spirits  and 
lost  interest  in  everything  generally.  My 
mind  was  so  affected  that  it  was  impos¬ 
sible  to  become  interested  in  even  the 
lightest  reading  matter. 

“After  suffering  for  months  I  decided 
to  go  to  a  stomach  specialist.  He  put 
me  on  Grape- Nuts  and  my  health  began 
to  improve  immediately.  It  was  the 
keynote  of  a  new  life. 


dered  in  this  county,  Highland,  and 
mentioned  in  my  former  note.  The 
whole  matter,  though  unfair,  is  legally 
right,  and  the  chief  point  of  interest  is : 
Be  sure  you  understand  a  contract  be¬ 
fore  you  sign  it.  Better  consult  a  law¬ 
yer  before  than  afterward. 

Ohio.  w.  e.  duckwaee. 


MANURE  AND  TOBACCO  STEMS. 

B.  B.  B.,  New  Orleans,  La.- — I  can  get 
for  hauling  all  of  the  horse  and  cow  manure  I 
want,  tobacco  stems  for  $5  a  ton,  about 
300  pounds  of  unleached  hardwood  ashes  a 
week  for  the  hauling,  hen  manure  from 
50  to  60  hens.  I  can  cut  stems  in  1-2  inch 
pieces  with  a  hay  cutter.  What  crops  will 
be  benefited  by  the  use  of  the  above,  and 
what  quantity  to  use?  I  am  working  into 
strawberries,  plums,  hens  and  truck.  I  have 
one  acre  now  planted  to  muskmelons,  corn, 
potatoes,  tomatoes,  eggplant,  pepper  and 
cucumbers. 

Ans. — The  tobacco  stems  are  worth 
about  four  times  as  much  as  the  manure. 
If  you  are  keeping  stock  it  would  pay 
to  cut  the  stems  and  use  them  to  absorb 
the  liquids.  We  should  chop  them  and 
put  them  around  the  vine  plants.  They 
make  a  good  fertilizer  and  help  to  keep 
off  insects.  Use  them  also  for  nests  in 
the  henhouses  and  mixed  with  the  litter. 
They  do  not  drive  off  the  hen  lice  en¬ 
tirely  but  will  help.  Use  the  ashes  on 
any  of  the  crops  you  mention  except  po¬ 
tatoes.  We  should  broadcast  them  as 
fast  as  we  got  them  and  work  in  with 
hoe  or  cultivator.  Do  not  mix  the  ashes 
with  the  manure.  We  would  haul  the 
manure  and  cover  the  ground  thick. 
Plow  it  under  and  plant  and  broadcast 
the  ashes  and  work  into  the  upper  soil. 
Cut  the  stems  and  scatter  them  around 
the  vines  and  plants. 


“I  found  that  I  had  been  eating  too 
much  starchy  food  which  I  did  not  di¬ 
gest,  and  that  the  cereals  which  I  had 
tried  had  been  too  heavy.  I  soon  proved 
that  it  is  not  the  quantity  of  food  that 
one  eats,  but  the  quality. 

“In  a  few  weeks  I  was  able  to  go  back 
to  my  old  business  of  doing  clerical 
work.  I  have  continued  to  eat  Grape- 
Nuts  for  both  the  morning  and  evening 
meal.  I  wake  in  the  morning  with  a 
clear  mind  and  feel  rested.  I  regained 
my  lost  weight  in  a  short  time.  I  am 
well  and  happy  again  and  owe  it  to 
Grape-Nuts.”  Name  given  by  Postum 
Co.,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

Read  “The  Road  to  Wellville,”  in 
pkgs.  “There’s  a  Reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new 
one  appears  from  time  to  time.  They 
are  genuine,  true,  and  full  of  human 
interest. 


BETTER  SAFE  THAN  SORRY 

Potatoes,  tomatoes,  cucumbers,  cantaloupe, 
small  fruits,  orchards,  can  be  sprayed,  ac 
slight;  comparative  cost  for  protection  against 
blight,  bugs,  scale,  etc. .with  an  "IKON  AGS” 

3PBAXEK.  Also,  actually  increases  the 
yield.  The  machine  is  adjustable  to  various 
width  rows  —  solution  thoroughly  mixed — 
delivered  in  a  fine  spray  that  covers  the  plant 
— single  or  double  acting  pumps — three,  four;  six  or  fioven 
rows — one  or  two  horses — 55  or  100  gallon  steel  or  wood 
tanks.  Has  orchard  attachment  and  many  others. 


mourn  Farm  and  Garden  Tool* 

ere  practical,  effective,  economical 
They  give  permanent  satisfac¬ 
tion.  We  have  been  making 
the  dependable  kind  for  75  /'£ 

years.  Formulas  for  .-.^Ab¬ 
solutions  furnished  on 
application.  Write  for 
our ‘free  Anniversary  - 

Catalog:  showing  pota-  _ 

to  machinery,  horse  hoes,  cultivators  and  complete  line  ' 
of  garden  drills,  wheel  hoes,  orchard  tools,  etc, 

BATEMAN  M'F’G  CO.  Box  Grenloch,  N.  J.J 


We  Do  More  Than  Guarantee 

This  Great  Farmers  Motor  Car  To  You 


SO  wonderful  is  the  great  value  in  the  Abbott-Detroit,  so  firmly  are  we 
convinced  of  its  ability  to  outlive  the  toughest  conditions,  so  complete  is 
our  belief  that  no  other  car  in  the  world  is  so  well  suited  to  the  farmer 
because  of  type,  strength  and  price,  that  we  are  willing  to  outdo  all  others  in 
protecting  our  owners,  in  spending  thousands  of  dollars,  that  others  keep  as  profits,  for  giving 
regular  instruction  and  maintenance  service  to  all  who  purchase  tire  Abbott-Detroit. 

When  you  get  your  Abbott-Detroit  you  will  not  only  have  the  best  motor  car  in  the 
world  at  the  price  but  you  will  have  behind  you  a  great  organization  of  experts  whose  idea 
is  permanence  and  not  immediate  profit  and  who  will  see  to  it  that  your  Abbott-Detroit  is  in 
first-class  condition  all  the  time. 


This  Remarkable  “Pedigreed” 

Abbott-  IVfroit 

Really  Does  Not  Need  A  Guarantee  It’s  So  Strong 


Every  Abbott-Detroit  turned  out  of  our  fac¬ 
tory  is  so  perfect,  so  absolutely  a  unit  in  con¬ 
struction  and  so  powerful  right  down  to  the  last 
nut  and  screw  that  you  can  drive  it  over  the 
worst  roads  and  it  will  never  give  a  sign  of  any¬ 
thing  but  magnificent  balance  and  standardiza¬ 
tion.  That’s  why  you  have  hardly  any  repair 
charges  and  the  cost  of  running  this  car  is  way 
down  to  bed  rock.  It  is  easy  to  operate,  easy  to 
keep  in  good  running  condition,  easy  to  keep 
looking  like  a  brand  new  car.  It  requires  little 
money  and  little  attention  for  anything. 

There  are  many  other  cars  listed  at  $1500  but 
by  the  time  you  have  paid  for  all  the  extras  you 
have  expended  up  to  $2000.  The  Abbott-Detroit 


at  $1500  includes  everything  but  top  and  wind¬ 
shield.  It  includes  a  complete  electric  light 
equipment  of  two  electric  headlights  and  com¬ 
bination  electric  and  oil  side  and  rear  lamps 
and  Bosch  High  Tension  or  Splitdorf  dual  igni¬ 
tion  system. 

Continually  bear  in  mind  that  the  Abbott- 
Detroit  has  many  features  heretofore  found  only 
in  motor  cars  selling  up  to  $4000. 

Write  for  the  Book  of  the  Abbott-Detroit  in 
which  we  tell  you  everything  about  the  car  and 
what  we  do  for  you  after  you  buy  it.  Let  us  give 
you  a  letter  of  introduction  to  your  local  dealer 
so  that  you  can  see  the  car  itself.  Drop  us  a 
postal  now  before  our  supply  of  books  runs  out. 


Abbott  Motor  Co. 


126  Waterloo  St 


Detroit,  Mich. 


Can  You  Afford  to  Waste  Grain? 

Thousands  of  bushels  of  good  grain  are  wasted  every  year 
through  improper  feeding.  Let  us  send  you  our  Free  booklet, 
“The  ltight  W  ay  to  Feed  Grain.”  Gives  facts  and  sugges¬ 
tions  hy  most  successful  stock-raisers  in  thiscountry.  Tells 
how  to  feed  hogs,  cattle,  milk-cows,  horses,  sheep  and 
poultry.  Don’t  miss  this  opportunity .  Write  to-day  1 

lieu)  a/feUand  Feed  Mills 

are  money-makers  for  farmers  and  stock-raisers. 

They  grind  corn  on  the  cobor  small  grain  perfectly. 
Willgrindcoarse  for  stock  or  flneas  flour  fortalde. 

Easy  to  run.  Use  any  kind  of  power.  6  sizes.  Get 
one  from  your  dealer  on  Free  Trial.  I  f  he  hasn’t 
one,  write  us.  W  e  will  then  supply  you  and  give 
you  an  extended  Free  Trial.  Sena  for  catalogue. 

NEW  HOLLAND  MACHINE  CO..  Box  41  New  Holland,  Pa. 


PROGRESSIVE  FERTILIZERS 


f 

Swift  s  Animal  Fertilizers  bring  you  plant  food  in  Nature’s  richest  forms.  They 
■  are  made  of  Bone,  Meat  and  Blood  with  high  grade  Potash  added.  Organic  matter 
is  an  absolute  necessity  in  restoring  run  down  soils.  It  opens  up  the  heavy  clay  to 
light  and  air,  warms  the  soil,  and  furnishes  available  plant  food  from  the  very  start. 
Swift’s  Fertilizers  do  more  than  nourish  crops,  they  build  up  the  soil  for  future  years. 

....  ,  .  .  N.  Chichester,  December,  1910. 

I  have  tried  the  various  kinds  sold  in  N.  H.,  and  have  found  that  there  is 
no  fertilizer  equal  to  Swift’s  Animal  Fertilizers.  We  are  using  altogether 
the  Superior  Brand  for  corn  and  potatoes.  This  season,  which  has  been  very 
unfavorable  for  both  corn  and  potatoes,  we  had  corn  that  measured  fifteen 
inches  in  length,  on  ground  that  was  planted  to  potatoes  last  year.  Not  a 
speck  of  manure  was  used  and  only  450  lbs.  of  Superior  Fertilizer  per  acre. 

“  About  potatoes,  I  never  succeeded  in  raising  over  ‘200  bushels  of  potatoes 
to  the  acre  until  1  commenced  to  use  Swift’s  Superior  Brand  of  Fertilizer. 

This  year  we  raised  300  bushels  of  nice  market  potatoes  to  the  acre,  on  1200  lbs.' 
of  Superior  Fertilizer.  No  manure  of  any  kind  being  used;  this  fertilizer 
being  sowed  in  the  drills  and  potatoes  planted  with  machine  13  inches  apart  in 
the  drill.  Owing  to  the  very  dry  season,  I  consider  this  a  nice  crop,  as  some  of 
my  neighbors  did  not  raise  enough  for  their  own  use  on  other 


-  -  ■.  . 

makes  of  fertilizers.  I  nan  safely  say  that  I  have  never 
used  or  sold  any  make  of  fertilizer  that  gave  the  satis¬ 
faction  as  Swift’s.”  Very  respectfully, 

w.  c.  batcheldeR. 


They  are  safe  and  efficient,  may  be  used  with  or 
without  manure,  and  are  always  uniform. 

See  our  local  agent  or  write  us  direct.  Pocket 
Handbook  Free. 

Swift’s  Lowell  Fertilizer  Co., 

40  North  Market  St.,  Boston. 

tVe  have  some  towns  open  for  good 
local  agents. 


204, 


February  25. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Direct  from  Factory,  Freight  Prepaid 
and  Guaranteed  by  the  Manufacturer 

You  can  buy  a  Gold  Coin  Stove  from  us  to  to 
#20  leas  than  dealer’s 
prices.  We  pay  freight; 
safe  delivery  insured, 
polished  and  all  ready 
to  set  up. 

“Satisfaction  or  your 
money  back  any  time 
within  1  year” 
is  our  written 
guaranty. 

Free  Catalog 
— Illustrates 
all  our  Stoves. 
Gives  Price 
List  and  tells  our 
Plan  and  Offer. 
Send  for  it. 

Hold  Coin  Stove  Co. 

3  Oak  St.  Troy,  N.  T. 


Big  Bargains  in 
QUAKER  CITY 

FEED  MILLS 

8end  your  name  for  money  saving  prices  on  41-year 
standard  grinders.  Book  shows  complete  line.  We 
pay  the  freight. 

Mo  Money  Down 
Liberal  Free  Trial 

Prove  to  yourself  how  superior 
Quaker  City  Mills  are.  Grind 
everything  from  Corn  with 
husks  tograham  flour.  Ifnotas 
you  expect,  return  at  our  ex-  l_ 
pense.  Get  Free  Book  at  once 
and  pick  your  style.  Address 
A.  G.  STRAUB  COMPANY 
3737  Filbert  St.,  Phila..  Pa. 

or  The  Machinery  Warehouse 
3707  8.  Ashland  Ave. ,  Chicago,  I1L 


AGENTS  1004  PROFIT 


Patented.  New  Useful  Combination. 
Low  priced.  Agents  aroused.  Sales  easy.  Every  home  needs 
tools.  Hero  are  15  tools  In  one*  Essex,  Co.,  N.  Y.  agent  sold  100 
first  ftw  days.  Mechanic  in  shop  sold  50  to  fellow  workmen. 
Big  snap  to  hustlers.  Just  write  a  postal — say :  Give  me  special 
confidential  terms.  Ten-Inch  •ample  free  if  you  mean  business. 
THOMAS  HFG.  C0.»  5865  Wayne  Street,  DAYTON*  OHIO 


’  AW  your  own 
O  wood 
and  save 
time,  coal  and 
money ;  or  saw 
your  neighbors 
wood  and 

MAKE 
$5  TO  $15 
A  DAY 

Hundreds  are  doing  it  with  an  Appleton  Wood  Saw. 
Why  not  youf  We  make  six  styles — steel  or  wooden 
frames — and  if  desired  will  mount  the  saw  frame  on 
a  substantial  4-wheel  truck  on  which  you  can  also 
mount  your  gasoline  engine  and  thus  have  a 

PORTABLE  WOOD  SAWING  RIG 

that  is  unequalled  in  effective  work  and  profitable 
operation. 

We  make  the  celebrated  Hero  Friction  Feed  Drag 
Saw  also,  and  complete  lines  of  feed  grinders,  com 
shelters,  corn  huskers.  fodder  cutters,  manure  spread¬ 
ers,  horse  powers,  windmills,  etc.  Ask  for  our  Free 
Catalogue. 

27  Fargo  Sfreef 
Balavia.Ill.U.S.Aj 


Appleton  Mfg.Co. 


Potato  Culture. 

Potatoes  are  unquestionably  one  of 
the  most  profitable  crops  the  farmer  can 
grow  and  he  should  investigate  the  mat¬ 
ter,  do  a  little  experimenting  and  see 
whether  or  not  his  land  is  adapted  to 
raising  them.  With  present  day  meth¬ 
ods  and  machinery  the  labor  of  planting 
and  harvesting  has  been  greatly  reduced. 
Chief  among  potato  planters  is  the 
Evans,  manufactured  by  The  Ameri¬ 
can  Seeding-Machine  Co.,  Incorpor¬ 
ated,  Springfield,  Ohio.  This  machine 
opens  the  furrow,  plants,  and  covers 
the  seed  in  the  best  possible  manner — 
far  more  accurately  than  can  lie  done 
by  hand.  It  has  adjustable  pickers  that 
will  handle  all  sized  seed.  Where  arti¬ 
ficial  fertilizers  are  to  be  used,  an  ac¬ 
curate  fertilizer  attachment  can  be  fur¬ 
nished,  which  is  guaranteed  to  sow  any 
and  all  brands.  The  Evans  Potato 
Planter  will  pay  for  itself  in  a  single 
season  where  the  acreage  is  sufficient. 
One  man  or  boy  can  operate  the  Evans 
under  all  conditions  of  seeding.  It  is 
light  draft,  simple  and  strong.  Send 
to  the  manufacturers  for  a  copy  of  their 
Evans  Potato  Planter  catalogue.  If  you 
want  special  information  they  will  be 
pleased  to  answer  your  questions.  After 
you  have  read  this  catalogue,  go  to 
your  implement  dealer  and  insist  on 
seeing  the  Evans — the  machine  that 
must  and  will  do  all  the  manufacturers 
claim.  Take  no  substitute.  Get  the 
Evans — the  machine  that  “makes  good.” 


THOSE  $9  HENS. 

How  the  Returns  are  Figured. 

Having  a  new  house  finished,  we 
placed  104  hens  picked  from  our  flock, 
selling  all  the  others.  We  were  then 
ready  for  business.  The  two  years  pre¬ 
vious  to  1909,  when  there  was  any  neg¬ 
lect  to  offer,  we  gave  it  all  to  the  hens, 
but  I  decided  to  alter  that  rule.  During 
1909  I  neglected  the  farm,  or  anything 
except  the  poultry.  Had  any  practical 
farmer  visited  me  during  that  year  I 
would  have  hesitated  to  show  him  about 
the  farm.  I  will  not  try  to  describe  it, 
but  let  anyone  imagine  what  they  choose 
and  chances  are  10  to  one  they  will  un¬ 
derrate  it.  During  the  Spring  months 
we  used  2,740  eggs  in  incubators  and 
1,198  were  used  by  the  family  During 
1909  we  enlarged  the  henhouse  and  when 
the  pullets  were  old  enough,  we  placed 
them  in  the  large  house,  having  had 
them  in  colony  houses  after  leaving  the 
brooders.  The  first  60  chosen  laid  480 
dozen  eggs  by  January  1,  1910;  and 
all  we  kept,  old  and  young,  267  alto¬ 
gether,  laid  153  on  that  day  (January  1, 
1910).  The  egg  record  shows  the  104 
old  ones  and  the  pullets  raised  from 
them  had  laid  21,464  during  the  year. 
There  were,  to  be  exact,  just  175  pullets 
kept;  that  is  the  most  we  found  good 
enough  to  keep  from  2,740  eggs  set,  and 
were  bemoaning  our  ill  luck,  but  I  will 
submit  the  figures  taken  from  account 
book : 

Eggs  actually  sold . $481.87 

Poultry  actually  sold .  185.84 

Eggs  used  by  family  (1198) .  33.10 

Poultry  used  by  family  (10  head)...  10.00 
Increase  of  voug  stock  (175  head).  175.00 
Droppings  (9600  pounds  during  the 

year)  .  96.00 

Total  . $981.81 

The  young  stock  I  valued  at  $1  each, 
and  surely  any  pullet  that  is  laying  nicely 
on  January  i  is  worth  a  dollar.  The 
droppings  I  value  at  $20  per  ton,  as  I 
think  it  worth  more  than  some  fertili¬ 
zers  sold,  at  $35  per  ton.  The  eggs  used 
in  house*  were  valued  at  same  price  as 
the  others  averaged.  I  did  not  try  to 
see  how  much  I  could  figure  in  as 
profit,  as  I  think  it  very  foolish  to  try 
to  fool  yourself ;  it  is  nearly  as  bad  as 
stealing  sheep  from  your  own  flock. 

I  was  greatly  surprised  to  see  the  total 
so  high,  but  could  make  nothing  else 
from  the  books.  I  am  saying  nothing 
about  profit,  as  I  don’t  know,  for  the 
reason  that  we  fed  two  horses,  one  cow, 
and  raised  11  pigs,  beside  one  old  hog, 
all  from  the  same  grain  bins. 

As  nearly  as  I  can  figure,  the  old  hens 
averaged  164  eggs  each,  which  number 
seems  to  be  beaten  by  any  number  of 
individual  hens,  but  I  see  no  record  of 
a  whole  flock  doing  better,  except  the 
flock  kept  by  Prof.  Gowell.  I  am  send¬ 
ing  statement  as  I  think  it  should  be, 
but  I  am  more  than  willing  that  anyone 
will  show  where  I  am  wrong,  as  104 
head  was  my  entire  flock  on  January  1, 
1909;  therefore,  every  bit  of  the  income 
must  be  on  this  account.  I  gave  the 
hens  the  best  care  I  could,  and  also  the 
best  of  feed.  I  use  no  mash,  wet  or 
dry,  as  I  wish  to  save  the  time,  al¬ 
though  1  must  admit  that  hens  do  better 
on  a  warm  mash  once  a  day.  I  will 
admit  the  amount  seems  large,  but  we 
were  continually  bemoaning  our  luck 
because  the  eggs  hatched  so  poorly,  so 
you  will  see  how  hard  it  is  to  satisfy 
some  persons. 

Our  feeding  system  is  as  simple  as  we 
can  make  it ;  usually  dry  oats  for  break¬ 
fast;  at  noon  time  we  give  about  one- 
quarter  of  full  feed  of  wheat,  barley  or 
wheat  screenings.  At  night  they  have 
all  the  cracked  corn  they  will  eat,  and 
no  scratching  to  find  it,  as  I  want  them 
to  go  to  roost  with  a  full  crop.  I  have 
a  long  trough  to  feed  that  in.  The  noon 
meal  is  more  to  keep  the  hens  busy 
than  to  feed  them.  During  the  Winter 
months  I  use  cabbage  and  mangels  for 
“green  food.”  During  Winter  of  1909- 
1910,  267  head  devoured  90  bushels  of 
mangels.  I  use  the  Golden  Tankard,  as 
I  think  it  colors  the  yolks  of  the  eggs 
much  better,  although  any  variety  is 
good.  If  there  is  any  shortage  of  green 
food  I  use  cut  clover,  used  dry.  I 
keep  no  roosters  with  the  stock  that  lays 
eggs  for  the  market,  and  breeding  stock 
is  separated  from  the  market  stock. 

I  started  with  intention  of  keeping 
Leghorns  only,  but  found  the  White 
Wyandottes  did  better  in  eggs  during 
cold  weather.  I  changed  to  them.  I 
had  customers  for  Leghorn  eggs,  and 
when  I  changed  they  refused,  point 
blank,  to  take  brown  eggs,  so  I  lost  their 
trade.  I  had  no  trouble  to  sell  all  the 
brown  eggs  I  could  get,  but  found  a 
number  of  people  who  would  pay  five 
cents  more  per  dozen  for  white  eggs,  so 
I  put  Leghorns  on  again.  Now  we  keep 
two  kinds,  but  each  is  by  itself  and  not 
mixed.  Some  customers  we  send  mixed 
eggs  and  hear  no  complaint.  W.J.dougan 


The  One  Harrow  f 
Bargain  of  1911 


Proved  on  Thirty  Days  Free  Trial— No  Money  Down 
Cash  or  Credit— Long  Guarantee— and  Freight  Paid 

No  other  harrow  can  equal  this  original  tongueless  disc  for  quality. 
And  our  factory  price  makes  it  the  leader  in  value.  It’s  the  only 
genuine  tongueless  disc — all  others  are  weak  imitations  and  don’t 
save  your  time  or  horses  or  money.  We  let  you  prove  the  superi¬ 
ority  of  the  Detroit- American  on  our  real  free  trial — no  money  in 
advance,  no  deposit  and  we  pay  the  freight.  If  you  decide  to  keep 
jthe  machine  after  the  trial  send  money  or  pay  on  time.  Either 
way,  our  unlimited-time  guarantee  protects  you  forever.  Get  our 
book  and  price  before  you  take  a  step  towards  buying  any  harrow. 

Detroit-American  ""WS"* 

is  the  only  all  steel  tongueless  disc  made.  This  means  no  breakage,  no 
repairs  or  costly  delays  in  busy  season.  Read  about  its  light  draft,  strength, 
durability  and  efficiency.  Wide  tired  steel  wheels — high  arched  axle — flex¬ 
ible  pivot — uniform  cutting  steel  disc  sections  which  do  not  strike  together 
in  the  center.  End  thrust  taken  up  by  hard  maple  ring  bearings.  Steel 
separators  between  blades.  Pipe  oilers.  Long  blade  scrapers. 

Get  the  barrow  you  want — 16  sizes  cutting  from  4  to  10  feet  in  width, 
with  16.  18  or  20-inch  blades.  Cutaway  or  regular 
round  disc  blades  furnished  as  ordered.  We  give  you 
everything  anybody  else  docs  and  more.  A  better 
harrow— a  bed-rock  factory  price — a  real  free  trial — 
cash  or  credit — unlimited  time  guarantee  and  we  pay 
the  freight.  Send  coupon  or  postal  right  now  for  best 
book  and  prices  on  harrows— also  Detroit-American 
Manure  Spreaders  and  Cultivators.  Address 
AMERICAN  HARROW  COMPANY 
1640  Hastings  Street  Detroit,  Michigan 

(Warehouses  In  Many  Cities  Insure  Prompt  Delivery) 


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■sirgi 


Here’s 
is  Genuine— All 
Others  Are  Weak  Imitations 


YOU  OWE  IT  TO  YOUR  HORSES 

to  clip  them  before  you  put  them  at  the  hard  spring  work.  Clipped  horses  sweat  less,  they  dry  off  quicker 
at  night,  they  get  better  rest  and  their  food  does  them  more  good.  They  come  out  in  the  morning  refreshed 
and  fit  for  a  better  day's  work. 

Stewart  Ball  Bearing 


Clipping  Machine 


from  the  solid  steel  bar  and  made  file  hard. 


This  is  the  only  clipping:  machine  ever  made  that 
carries  a  23  year  guarantee. 

The  gears  arc  all  enclosed  Price  all 
and  run  in  oil;  they  are  cut  complete  V 
There  is  6  feet  of  new  style  flexible  shaft,  so  rea(jy  to 


It  also  has  the  famous  Stewart  one  nut  tension  knife 


clip  only 


>y  50 


all  parts  arc  reached  easily. 

12  Get  one^f  these  splendid  machines  from  your  dealer  or  send  $2.00  and  we  will  ship  C.  O.  D.  for  the 
balance.  Write  for  new  1911  catalogue  showing  the  world’s  most  complete  line  of  clipping  and 
shearing  machines.  Write  today. 

Chicago  Flexible  Shaft  Co.  143  LaSalle  Ave.  Chicago 


PAYS  FOR  ITSELF  EVERY  THIRTY  DAYS 


Touts 
f  THE50 1  LI 
8\  TWlCEjf' 


Without  a  doubt  Clark’s  Double  Action  “Cutaway”  Harrow  with  Jointed  Pole 
Is  a  most  wonderful  farm  tool.  It  cuts  the  soil  twice,  throwing  it  in  opposite 
directions,  filling  in  the  hollows,  tnus  leveling  the  land  All  bingie  Action 
Harrows’  have  to  he  Briveu  in  Half  bap. 

It  is  drawn  by  two  medium  horses.  It  can  be  sot 
to  move  the  earth  but  little,  or  at  so  great  a u 
angle  as  to  move  the  earth  eight  or  nine  inches, 
liuns  truein  line  ofdraft.  A  customer 


wrote  recently  that  his  “Cutaway 
pays  for  itself  every  thirty  days  in 
‘labor  saved. 

The  Jointed  Pole  takes  all  weight  off  the  horses’  necks, 
and  keeps  their  heels  away  from  the  disks. 

We  make  a  “Cutaway”  for  every  crop  Every  need  is 
fullv  supplied  by  the  different  styles  of  genuine  Cut¬ 
away”  Tools.  If  your  dealer  won’t  supply  you,  we  will. 

Write  us.  “Intensive  Cultivation,”  our  new  booklet. 

Is  free.  Send  a  postal  to-day. 

CUTAWAY  HARROW  CO.,  839  Main 


lOO-H 

Street;  HfGGANUNl,  CONN. 


Frames  are  Made  of  Steel. 


The  Le  Roy  Plow  Co.,  Le  Roy,  N.  Y.,  have  built  up  a 

wonderful  reputation  on  a  wonderful  Walking 
Plow.  Now  to  meet  the  almost  universal  demand  for 
Riding  Plows,  this  Company  has  worked  its 
special  plow  experts  overtime  and  the  Result  is 
the  most  perfect,  practical.  Riding  Plow 
offered  to  the  practical  farmer.  Easy  and  con¬ 
venient  loot  trip.  Extreme  Pole  Shift.  Tilt¬ 
ing  Seat.  All  Steel  Frame  (others 
are  cast  iron)  Patent  Square  Steel  Jointer 
Standards — Chilled  Iron  or  Steel  Bot¬ 
toms,  best  of  all  Easy  Draft  and  Easy 
to  Operate,  the  same  as  the  big  line  of 
Le  Roy  Walking  Plows.  Ask  for  our 
1911  catalogue. 

You  usually  can  find  them  with  your 


best  dealers. 


LE  ROY  PLOW  CO,  Le  Roy,  N.  Y. 


LIME 


Hydrated,  Powdered,  in  hags,  for  fer¬ 
tilizing  and  spraying.  Works  near 
Albany.  Hudson  River  Lime  Co., 
428  East  26th  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y . 


PLANT  CORN 


Peas,  Beans,  Beets, 
Buckwheat,  etc. 


VIMr1  OF  THE 

iVilNLi  CORN  FIELD” 


marks  out  rows  and  plants  In  drills  or  hills,  4%,  9, 
12,  18, 24,  36  or  72  Inches  apart.  Corn  and  any  other 
seed  at  same  time.  Distributes  al  1  commercial  fer¬ 
tilizers,  wet.  dry.  lumpy,  etc..  26  to  700  lbs.  per  acre. 
A  great  labor  and  time  saver.  Built  to  last.  Full 
guarantee.  Write  for  Free  Book. 

Belcher  &  Taylor  A.  T.  Co. 
Box  75  >  Chicopee  Falls,  Maas. 


CIRCULAR  43 

PROLONGING  the  LIFE  of  FENCE  POSTS 

Now  ready  for  free  distribution. 

Full  and  complete  data  on  brush  and  tank  treat¬ 
ment  of  fence  or  vineyard  posts  to  prevent  their 
decay  by  use  of  Avenarius  Carbolineum,  the  wood 
preserver  in  constant  use  since  1875.  Write 

CARBOLINEUM  WOOD  PRESERVING  CO. 
181  Franklin  Street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

HANDY  GARDEN  TOOL 

Here’s  a  practical  tool  for  the  farmer  or 
gardener— our  No.  6  Combined  Double  and 
Single  Wheel  Hoe,  Hill  and  Drill  Seeder. 
Four  tools  for  the  price  of  one.  It  plants 
In  hills  or  continuous  rows,  covers  the  seed, 
rolls  the  soil,  marks  the  next  row,  hoes, 
weeds  and  cultivates.  Simple,  easy  to  oper¬ 
ate,  and  does  a  day’s  work  in  60  minute*. 


IRON  AGE 


For  76  years  we  have 
made  dependable  tools 
of  quality  for  the 
farmer,  trucker  and 
t  o  w  n  gardeners.  Wo 
make  S3  garden  tools 
at  *2.50  to  $12.00  each. 


Write  to-day  for  Anniversary  Catalog 
describing  our  entire  line  including 
potato  planters,  cultivators,  sprayers, 
diggers,  orchard  and  other  tools. 

BATEMAN  M’F’G  CO. 

BOX  1022  GRENLOCH.  N.  J. 


1911. 


235 


THE  RUKAE  NEW-YORKER 


Potash  for  Corn. 

H.  H.  C Avondale,  ra. — In  1908  we  top- 
dressed  <a  poor  showing  of  Timothy  hay 
with  100  pounds  of  nitrate  of  soda  and  100 
pounds  of  ground  bone.  We  had  a  crop  of 
(we  think)  at  least  three  tons  of  fine  hay 
to  the  acre.  Of  course  we  were  greatly 
pleased.  Next  Spring  we  plowed  the  11 
acres  and  planted  corn.  On  this  we  put  400 
pounds  of  S.  C.  rock  and  ground  bone 
mixed  and  drilled  it  on  the  land,  not  in 
the  row,  and  did  not  have  60  bushels  of 
corn  to  the  acre.  This  land  should  have 
produced  100  bushels  of  corn.  This  was 
followed  by  a  big  crop  of  oats.  We  had 
same  experience  with  14  acres  of  Timothy 
in  1909,  got  large  crop  of  hay,  and  corn 
was  poor  following  it.  We  should  have  had 
100  bushels  corn,  as  all  our  neighbors  had 
big  corn.  Did  the  nitrate  of  soda  hurt 
the  corn  crop,  or  what  is  the  matter? 

Ans. — Nitrogen  is  the  “dominating 
element”  for  grass— that  is,  the  element 
which  usually  determines  the  yield.  In 
this  case  the  nitrate  acted  somewhat 
like  a  stimulant,  forcing  the  grass  crop 
to  a  heavy  yield  and  thus  taking  from 
the  soil  not  only  nitrogen,  but  available 
phosphoric  acid  and  potash.  The  result 
was  that  the  corn  grew  on  a  sod  con¬ 
taining  organic  nitrogen,  but  little  avail¬ 
able  potash.  In  the  rock  and  potash 
you  add  phosphoric  acid  and  a  little 
nitrogen,  but  no  potash  whatever.  Now 
the  “dominating  element”  in  corn  is 
potash.  The  ash  of  the  cob  is  about 
one-half  potash,  and  like  all  other  plants 
which  produce  starch,  corn  needs  an 
abundance  of  this  element.  Your  corn 
did  not  come  up  to  expectations  because 
the  nitrate  forced  the  grass  and  thus 
drew  available  potash  from  the  soil  and 
you  did  not  add  any  to  make  up  for  the 
loss.  The  yield  would  have  been  better 
if  you  had  used  150  pounds  muriate  of 
potash  and  50  pounds  of  nitrate  of  soda 
with  the  rock  and  lime. 


Presently  arrived  a  blank  to  fill — for  a  fe¬ 
male  servant.  After  due  alterations  there¬ 
in,  references  furnished  and  carfare  sent, 
we  waited  for  our  man,  who  was  to  be 
Danish  or  German  or  some  other  dairy 
country.  A  notice  arrived  saying  that  my 
letter  would  be  shown  to  all  immigrants, 
and  should  anyone  desire  the  place  he 
would  be  sent.  June,  July,  August  passed, 
then  a  letter  saying  that  nobody  of  the  na* 
tionalities  I  specified  would  go.  Wouldn’t 
I  take  some  other  (meaning  a  Pole  or  Rus¬ 
sian)  ?  I  declined  and  the  money  was  re¬ 
turned.  I  had  offered  from  $16  to  $18  and 
board  to  a  man  not  speaking  English,  the 
first  month,  with  a  gradual  increase,  on  a 
farm  with  3  y2  hours  from  New  York.  Of 
all  the  thousands  arriving  in  New  York, 
not  one  wanted  such  a  place.  I  concluded 
the  object  of  the  Immigration  Bureau  to  be 
the  prevention  of  farm  immigration,  and  I 
still  think  that  is  the  idea  at  bottom.  But 
last  week  I  went  to  the  New  York  office 
and  found  a  neat,  well  organized  establish¬ 
ment,  a  waiting  room  filled  with  young, 
strong  immigrants,  and  a  Dane,  in  search  of 
a  place,  just  three  weeks  landed.  lie  is  a 
high-class  immigrant,  and  at  this  moment 
is  at  work  by  himself  in  the  barn.  He 
looked  at  me,  and  being  told  about  the  place 
by  the  interpreter,  came  at  once.  There 
was  a  perfectly  businesslike  system  of  book¬ 
keeping  in  the  office  by  which  my  corre¬ 
spondence  was  found  in  two  minutes — and 
my  impression  of  the  bureau  was  most  fa¬ 
vorable — not  a  suspicion  of  graft  anywhere. 
What  was  the  secret  of  my  first  disappoint¬ 
ment  and  my  second  success?  You  can  get 
farm  labor  if  you  go  for  it  personally.  The 
men  will  go  with  some  one  they  have  seen. 
They  will  not  go  into  the  interior  alone. 

FANNY  MORRIS  SMITH. 


Gypsum  and  Alkali  Soil. 

O.,  San  Diego,  Cat. — Some  people  here 
spread  gypsum  on  strawberries,  because 
there  is  some  alkali  or  salt  cither  in  the 
ground  or  in  the  irrigation  water.  I,  too, 
was  going  to  spread  some  gypsum  on  my 
strawberries,  but  your  paper,  just  received, 
says  that  lime  should  be  kept  away  from 
strawberries.  My  strawberry  ground  has 
some  alkali,  probably  it  comes  from  the 
irrigation  water.  I  am  afraid  the  alkali 
would  be  destructive  to  strawberries  if  no 
proper  remedy  is  applied.  What  should  I 
do  for  it,  if  1  cannot  use  lime? 

Ans. — If  the  soil  or  the  irrigation 
water,  or  both,  contain  a  sufficient 
amount  of  black  alkali,  or  sodium  car¬ 
bonate,  to  be  injurious  by  puddling  the 
soil,  making  it  heavy  and  hard  to  till; 
by  acting  as  a  poison,  corroding  the 
roots ;  or  by  dissolving  the  humus  and 
phosphates,  permitting  them  to  be  lost 
either  by  leaching  at  times  of. heavy  ir¬ 
rigation  or  heavy  rainfall ;  or  to  be 
drawn  by  capillary  action  to  the  surface 
above  the  roots,  and  so  not  available  to 
the  plants,  it  is  very  probable  that  gyp¬ 
sum  would  be  beneficial.  Hilgard  long 
ago  pointed  out  the  effect  of  gypsum  on 
black  alkali,  having  his  attention  first 
called  to  the  subject  through  his  ob¬ 
servation  that  where  soil  waters  carry 
considerable  amounts  of  gypsum,  or  sul¬ 
phate  of  lime,  in  solution  the  sodium 
carbonate,  or  black  alkali  was  likely  to 
be  absent  or  to  be  present  in  too  small 
quantities  to  be  directly  harmful  to 
crops.  The  direct  action  of  the  lime 
sulphate  upon  the  black  alkali  is  to  con¬ 
vert  it  into  the  less  harmful  white  alkali 
or  sodium  sulphate,  which  does  not 
have  the  strong  tendency  to  puddle  soils 
or  to  render  the  humus  and  phosphates 
more  soluble,  causing  them  to  rise  above 
the  active  roots  into  the  dry  soil  at  the 
surface,  or  to  be  lost  by  leaching. 

F.  II.  KING. 


A  Concrete  Farm  Roller. 

I  read  an  Inquiry  in  regard  to  land  roll¬ 
ing  and  make  to  use.  I  cannot  give  advice 
as  to  land  to  roll  or  wtiat  make  to  use,  but 
can,  I  believe,  give  a  few  hints  on  making 
a  concrete  roller,  which  is  as  follows  :  Take 
a  shaft  or  an  old  wagon  axle  and  get  some 
1x2  or  three  inch,  lumber,  bevel  edges  and 
put  them  up  in  round  form  the  length  you 
may  wish,  and  also  diameter;  center  your 
shaft  or  axle,  letting  it  project  on  each  end, 
say  six  or  seven  inches,  and  fill  the  form, 
which  should  be  standing  on  end,  with 
a  good  mixture  of  concrete,  say  a  one  to 
three  mixture  of  Portland  cement  and 
clean,  sharp  sand,  coarse  preferable.  Hooks 
to  hold  form  can  be  made  by  blacksmith,  or 
use  smooth  fence  wire  or  telephone  wire, 
using  plenty  of  hoops  to  hold  form  from 
bulging.  I  think  it  best  to  reinforce  con¬ 
crete  for  this  with  old  nayrake  teeth  or  al¬ 
most  any  old  iron  convenient.  When  form 
is  filled  let  stand  30  days,  and  you  are 
ready  to  build  on  axle,  which  can  be  done 
in  a  great  many  ways  to  suit  individual 
with  ways  and  means  at  hand.  If  you  have 
a  mowing  machine  seat  to  place  on  it  you 
will  find  it  easy  to  i  ide.  Rollers  can  be 
made  in  this  way  for  i  :  arly  all  use  a  roller 
could  be  put  to,  f  :  i  a  ;  end  roller  for  lawn 
to  a  steam  power.  I.  f:;,  .ring  the  heft  de¬ 
sired.  and  they  will  be  found  veiy  cheap 
and  durable.  There  is  one  caution  that  I 
might  state;  do  not  give  them  a  sudden  jar 
until  concrete  is  thoroughly  set  or  hardened, 
30  days  or  more.  Price  of  such  a  roller  will 
depend  on  size  and  what  part  will  have  to 
be  bought.  In  my  immediate  locality  not 
to  count  labor,  the  roller  can  be  made  for 
what  freight  would  cost  ordinarily. 

Pennsylvania.  edgar  w".  corey. 


Uncle  Sam’s  Employment  Bureau. 

The  following  experience  will  serve  to 
answer  several  questions  we  have  recently 
had  about  the  work  of  the  U.  S.  Govern¬ 
ment  in  providing  farm  helpers : 

Perhaps  two  years  ago  we  received  a 
printed  slip  setting  forth  that  the  United 
States  had  undertaken  the  distribution  of 
labor  among  farmers,  and  organized  an 
employment  bureau.  In  due  time  there 
came  a  need  and  I  wrote  them  for  a  man. 


Women 

Appreciate 

Step-savers  and  Time-savers. 

Post 

Toasties 

FOOD 

is  fully  cooked,  ready  to  serve 
direct  from  the  package  with 
cream  or  milk,  and  is  a 
deliciously  good  part  of  any 
meal. 

A  trial  package  usually 
establishes  it  as  a  favorite 
breakfast  cereal. 

“The  Memory  Lingers” 


Postum  Cereal  Company,  Ltd., 
Battle  Creek,  Mich. 


WHEN  you  buy  David  Bradley  plows  you 

don’t  pay  for  the  Bradley  factory’s  eighty  years’  experience  in 
making  plows  for  every  kind  of  soil  in  every  state.  That 
experience  is  worth  a  lot  to  you,  but  you  get  it  for  nothing. 
No  matter  where  you  farm,  or  in  what  kind  of  soil,  you’ll 
find  in  the  Bradley  line  a  plow  expressly  designed  and  built 
to  meet  your  requirements. 

COur  purchase  of  the  great  David  Bradley  plant  has  revolu¬ 
tionized  prices  on  these  famous  farm  tools.  The  Bradley 
reputation  for  quality  and  our  celebrated  money  back  guar¬ 
antee  are  invincible  arguments  to  any  farmer. 

David  Bradley  XX-Rays  $j|  »T50 
Frame  Hitch  Gang  Plow,  T I  = 

Highest  Lift,  Lightest  Draft,  Most 
Easily  Handled. 


High,  heavy,  dust- 


EI 

J? 


roof  wheels,  with 


Frame  of  heavy  high  quality  steel,  strongly  braced. 
Cannot  spring  out  of  shape,  even  In  hardest 
ground.  No  friction  on  plow  bottoms.  Frame 
and  bottoms  carried  on  tho  wheels,  not  frame 
and  wheels  carried  on  the  bottoms  as  you  find 
In  other  plows. 

Unequalec!  for  side  hill  work,  because  pole_and 
both  furrow  wheels  can  bo  adjusted  from  the  seat 
by  a  lever  on  pole  plate  while  team  Is  in  motion. 

Best  plow  for  stony  land;  when  it  encounters  a 
stone  of  any  size,  plow  bottoms  will  ratso  over 
It  without  damage  and  re-enter  the  ground  im¬ 
mediately.  Unnecessary  to  lock  bottoms  In 
ground;  suction  holds  them  there. 


radley  patent  hubs;  9 
inches  wearing  space 
on  all  axles. 

Simple  and  effective 

foot  lift;  any  boy  who 

can  handle  a  team  can 
do  the  work  of  a  grown 
up  man  and  do  it  as 
easily.  High  lift;  point 
of  share  raises  6  inches 
from  ground. 


Short  hitch ;  plow  and  team  coupled  up  close,  doing 
away  with  side  draft.  Plow  pulls  easier  and 
handles  better  than  any  other.  Turns  square  cor¬ 
ners  either  way,  with  bottoms  in  or  out  of  ground. 

Bottoms  are  the  celebrated  Garden  City  Clipper 
shapes,  the  most  perfectly  formed  shapes  known. 
All  bottoms  double  shinned.  A  shape  for  every 
state  in  the  Union.  Guaranteed  to  scour. 

This  is  but  one  of  the  many  styles  of  David  Brad¬ 
ley  riding  plows.  We  make  other  models;  frame 
or  beam  hitch,  sulky  and  gang  plows',  disc 
plows,  wood  and  steel  beam  walking  plows  of 
every  description. 


C  Refer  to  our  big  General  Catalog  for  pictures,  complete 
descriptions  and  prices  of  David  Bradley  Plows,  Harrows, 
Planters,  Cultivators,  etc.,  the  farm  tools  backed  by  eighty 
years  of  knowing  how;  or  send  today  for  our  Book  of  David 
Bradley  Farm  Implements. 

We  can  always  supply  promptly  any  repair  part  for  any  Bradley 
implement,  no  matter  when  or  where  bought. 

- SEARS.R0EBUCKc« - 


T 


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II  not  on  sale  in  your  town,  order  from 

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323-A  Brunswick  Building'  New  York 


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AGRICULTURE 


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236 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKEH 


February  25, 


CARE  OF  YOUNG  ORCHARD. 

I  am  having  quite  a  study  about  my 
young  orchard.  It  is  10  years  old,  trees 
are  three  inches  in  diameter,  and  last  Sum¬ 
mer  made  strong  growth,  Greenings  the 
most,  a  great  many  two  feet  or  more  on 
the  upper  shoots,  Rome  and  Ben  Davis 
about  15  inches,  Wagener  10  or  12  inches 
and  Spy,  while  they  seem  to  be  largest 
trees  owing  to  their  heavier  tops  (un¬ 
pruned),  only  made  eight  to  10  inches.  The 
trees  look  healthy  and  nice.  We  tried  to 
put  enough  manure  around  last  Spring  to 
mulch  and  keep  down  the  grass,  but  while 
a  little  later  the  Timothy  was  four  feet 
tall  and  very  heavy  under  trees,  other  trees 
mulched  with  Sweet  clover  had  xibout  the 
same  result.  What  shall  I  do  with  the 
orchard?  I  had  some  Suttons,  very  large 
and  nice,  Ben  Davis  not  very  large,  but 
good  color ;  Rome  Beauty  only  medium  size. 
Shall  I  plow  this  orchard  (water  level  not 
more  than  10  feet)  or  fence  and  turn  in 
my  seven  sows  with  what  pigs  I  keep? 
About  everything  excepting  Spy  seems  to 
have  a  good  many  fruit  spurs ;  still  a  row 
of  apple  trees  along  the  road  in  similar  soil 
has  never  borne  to  amount  to  anything. 

New  York.  B.  J.  c. 

It  is  evident  that  eight  years  or  more 
ago  there  were  many  orchards  planted 
in  sod  to  be  mulched.  Now  the  serious 
question  is  what  to  do  with  them.  It  is 
also  evident  that  the  high  price  of  pork 
has  started  many  farmers  into  hogs. 
Now  the  owners  of  these  young  or¬ 
chards  think  they  can  do  a  great  thing 
by  fencing  the  orchards,  sowing  some 
forage  crop  and  turning  in  hogs.  Our 
advice  is  to  do  nothing  of  the  sort. 
Hogs  may  do  great  damage  to  young 
trees,  especially  where  mulching  has 
been  done.  The  soil  under  the  mulch 
is  usually  rich  and  filled  with  worms 
and  other  insects.  The  hogs  know  this, 
and  they  root  and  tear  such  soil.  This 
rips  and  breaks  off  the  tree  roots  and 
even  the  trees  themselves.  Then  the 
hogs  rub  against  the  trees  or  gnaw 
them,  and  on  the  whole  will  do  great 
damage  in  a  young  orchard.  They  may 
be  put  in  an  old  orchard  of  high¬ 
headed  trees  and  rough  bark,  but  in 
such  places  as  is  described  above  the 
hog  will  become  a  nuisance.  We  should 
keep  on  mulching  that  orchard.  Cut 
the  grass  twice  or  more  and  pile  it 
around  the  trees. 

NITRATE  OF  SODA  WITH  MANURE. 

J.  M.,  Potter  Hollow,  N.  Y. — I  have  a 
small  farm  of  106  acres ;  it  is  mostly  flats 
and  a  clay  soil.  I  have  been  buying  all 
the  manure  I  could  get  the  last  thfree  years 
and  top-dressing  my  meadows,  and  I  now 
have  them  so  they  cut  a  good  quality  and  a 
good  amount  of  hay.  Which  do  you  think 
is  cheaper,  manure  at  this  price  hr  pre¬ 
pared  fertilizer?  I  have  just  bought  a  car¬ 
load  of  fertilizer  and  included  500  pounds 
nitrate  of  soda  «for  my  own  use.  I  wish 
to  use  this  on  my  meadows  to  experiment. 
What  would  be  the  best  way  to  apply  this 
to  my  meadow?  I  had  thought  of  putting 
six  or  eight  quarts  of  this  on  every  load  of 
manure  on  the  manure  spreader.  Would 
this  be  advisable  or  would  you  suggest  some 
other  method  of  applying? 

Ans. — You  do  not  give  the  price  you 
are  paying  for  manure,  so  we  cannot 
judge  which  would  be  cheaper.  See 
what  the  nitrate  costs  you.  It  contains 
on  the  average  16  per  cent  nitrogen. 
Your  500  pounds  will  carry  80  pounds 
of  nitrogen,  and  you  can  then  see  what 
a  pound  costs.  Figure  the  price  of  a 
pound  of  phosphoric  acid  by  seeing  what 
a  ton  of  acid  phosphate  costs,  and  then 
if  the  manufacturers  guarantee  14  per 
cent  you  have  280  pounds  in  the  ton. 
In  a  similar  way  get  the  price  of  potash. 
A  ton  of  average  manure  will  contain 
about  10  pounds  of  nitrogen,  six  of 
phosphoric  acid  and  13  of  potash.  See 

what  all  this  will  cost  in  your  chemicals, 
and  you  have  what  the  manure  is  worth 
compared  with  them.  Your  plan  of  using 
the  nitrate  is  not  the  best  for  your  ex¬ 
periment.  You  could  not  tell  in  this 
way  whether  the  manure  or  the  nitrate 
gave  any  increase.  The  fairest  way  will 
be  to  put  the  manure  on  one  part  and 
the  nitrate  on  another.  A  quart  of 
nitrate  weighs  about  three  pounds.  If 
you  use  eight  quarts  or  24  pounds  to  a 
load  and  use  eight  loads  to  the  acre  you 
would  do  better  to  spread  150  pounds 
broadcast  over  another  acre  for  com¬ 
parison.  You  can  mix  the  nitrate  with 
dry  soil  and  mix  all  together  in  order 
to  get  an  even  distribution. 


PORTION  OF  MORTAR  TO  MASON  ARY. 

C.  R.  Bethel,  A7.  Y. — I  want  to  build  a 
basement  under  a  barn,  80  by  50  feet,  the 
basement  eight  feet  hign.  How  much  sand 
and  lime  shall  I  have  to  use  per  perch  ? 
I  would  like  to  strengthen  the  mortar  with 
cement,  using  only  flat  stone. 

Ans.  —  A  well-laid  masonry  wall 
would  require  about  five  cubic  feet  of 
sand  and  one  cubic  foot  of  quicklime 
per  perch  of  masonry.  If  it  is  desired 
to  use  cement  with  the  lime  it  is  usual 
to  make  the  cement  take  the  place  of 
one-third  of  the  lime.  A  stone  wall  30 
by  50  feet,  8  feet  high  and  18  inches 
thick,  would  contain  1,872  cubic  feet,  69 
cubic  yards,  or  75  perches,  not  allowing 
for  doors  or  windows.  f.  h.  king. 


DAILY 
I  OUTPUT 
18.000 
BBLS 

ALPHA 

PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 


2  Center  Square.  EASTON,  PA. 


A  SUBSTITUTE 


For  Bordeaux  Mixture 

10-gal.  keg  making  2  000  to  5,000  gals,  spray,  delivered 
at  any  B  B.  station  ii.  the  United  States  for  912.50. 
Prompt  shipment*.  Every  grower  ot  fruits  and  vege¬ 
tables  should  have  our  Beport  of  wonderful  results  1910. 

B.  G.  PRATT  CO.,M*c”h“.'“dS;"' 

53  CHURCH  ST..  NEW  YORK  CITY 


CULTIVATE i  OFTEN 

and  you  hold  the  moisture 
In  the  ground.  Cultivate 
ehallow  or  deep  as  the  crop 
needs  it  and  you  release  the 
forgotten  or  unknown  soil 
properties  which  are  needed 
to  make  the  crop  grow  prop¬ 
erly.  We  have  been  niakini 
farm  tools  for  75  years  am 
think  we  have  as  good  a  line 
of  Biding  Cultivators  as  you 
need  to  choose  from.  j 

ISON  ME  RIDING  CULTIVATORS 

are  long  lived  machines— ad justablc  for  rows  28  to  50 
inches,  while  in  motion— teeth  adjustable  for  depth  and 
angle — pivot  or  fixed  wheel,  one  row  or  two — high  or  low 
wheels — work  well  on  hillsides — farm  close 
and  true.  A  complete  line.  Our  Anniver¬ 
sary  Catalog  will  show  you— also,  potato 
machinery,  garden  wheel  hoes  and  drills 
etc.  Address 

BATEMAN  M'F'G  CO. 

Box  1027  GRENLOCH.N.  J.  . 


Here’s  a  sprayer  f  or 
YOU  and  for  everybody 
who  raises  fruit,  especially  the  farmer 
with  only  a  few  acres  who  has  been  fooling  with  a  hand  sprayer 
or  not  spraying  at  all  because  he  “didn’t  believe  a  power  sprayer  would  pay 
him.”  Whether  you  have  two  acres  of  fruit  or  a  hundred— you  need  the 


Waterloo  Boy 
High  Pressure 


Power  Sprayer 

The  only  question  is  what  size  you  need. 

The  Waterloo  Boy  Power  Sprayer  delivers  a  mist-fine  spray 
and  puts  it  just  where  you  want  it,  covers  every  leaf  clear  to  the  tree- 
tops.  No  dripping  or  wasting  of  the  solution. 

The  pump  is  double  acting  and  tested  up  to  300  pounds  pressure.  All 

„  parts  exposed  to  the  chemicals  are  solid  brass  or  brass  covered .  Has  pressure,  gauge 
and  automatic  safety  discharge  back  into  the  tank.  All  parts  accessible  and  interchangeable. 

Power  is  supplied  by  our  world  famous  Waterloo  Boy  Gasoline  Engine. 
Any  size  desired  is  furnished  from  2  horse  power  up  and  every  one  carries 
our  binding  5  Years  Guarantee.  It  maintains  a  steady  high  pressure  and 
feeds  four  leads  of  hose,  or  2  leads  with  up  to  4  nozzles  each.  Works  as 
well  on  a  hillside  as  on  the  level. 

The  outfit  is  mounted  on  wooden  skids  or  on  a  low  truck  as  desired. 
The  Waterloo  Boy  Power  Sprayer  is  made  just  as  carefully 
and  of  just  as  good  material  as  the  Waterloo  Boy  Gasoline 
Engine  and  we  stand  behind  it  just  as  squarely  with  our  clean  record 

of  18  years  of  success.  We  have  a  special  sprayer  proposi= 
tion  to  make  to  every  fruit  grower,  farmer,  gardener,  and  orchardist. 

If  you  have  any  fruit  or  vegetables  to  spray,  write  for 
details  at  once— it  will  pay  you  big.  Catalog  free. 

Waterloo  Gasoline  Engine  Co., 

Waterloo,  Iowa. 


Use  Indestructible  Hameless  Horse  Collars 


To  Prevent  and  Cure  Galled  Shoulders 

Cheapest  and  best  for  owner—  humane  and  comfortable  for  animal.  Endorsed  by 
-  -  Veterinanes,  used  by  City  Fire  Depts..U.  S.  Govt.,  and  more  than  100,000  farmers  and  team- 
not  sters.  The  Indestructible  metal,  sine  coated  collar  not  only  prevents  sore  necks  and  should- 

<*“•  ..  .fed,  wwiiat  the  galls  ml  seres  made  by  otter  collars  No  torse  owner  can  aKord  So  be  wiltoot  oar 


Indestructible  Collars 


Uicv  save  the  cost  of  Itaroes,  pads  and  straps:  save  In  time  and 
^  convenient***  In  liarnesslrur;  are  llRliter.  stronR«*r  and  better.  Always 
keep  their  shape:  can  be  made  larger  or  smaller  to  fit  animal  spring  tat  or 
fall  poor.  No  sponjry  surface  to  absorb  heat,  sweat  and  dirt.  Guaranteed  not 
to  rust  In  any  climate.  Cheaper  because  everlasting.  Quickly  changed  from 
one  harness  to  another.  Tho  ideal  collar  for  all  climates  and  conditions. 

Let  me  send  you  my  portfolio  givinir  valuable  pointers  on  how  to  *ot  100% .hors© 
power  all  year  around  from  your  team.  Ita  free  and  you  will  find  »t  decidedly  interest- 
reading.  Indestructible  collars  are  sold  direct  where  I  have  no  dealers,  and  I  II  par 
th  fr.  ight.  Write  me  to-day  and  begin  right  away  to  save  money,  time  and  horso 
co  troubles.  No  part  of  a  harness  was  ever  sold  on  such  a  broad  and  liberal  Kuar- 
an  .  because  none  other  was  ever  so  good,  and  you  will  aay  ao  too  when  you  read  ray 

fol  Good  pay  to  live  agenta;  exclusive  territory.  Write  today.  Address 

FKD  SLOCUM,  General  Manner,  JOHNSTON-SLOCUM  CO.,  708  Stale  St..  Caro,  Mick 


Yours  FREE  30  Days 

I’ll  Pay  Freight  Anywhere 

Just  let  me  semi  my  Chatham  Fanning  Mill  to  your 
R.  It.  Station  on  a  month’s  trial.  No  money,  no 
contract  and  I  pay  the  freight.  Return  at  my  ex¬ 
pense  or  keep  It  and  take  a  year  to  pay  me.  Just  let 
me  prove  the  money  you  can  make  with  a 

CHATHAM  and  Seed  Grader 

Cleansand  grades  all  kinds  of  seeds,  grasses  and  grains.  Don't 
grow  weeds  or  thin  stands.  Landand  taxes  are  too  high.  Double 
tlie  crops,  get  better  crops  and  have  high-priced  seed.to  sell.  Send 
postal  now  for  my  factory  price,  liberal  terms,  and  get  FREE 
BOOK  No.  104.  Tells  how  thousands  are  making  big, 
with  a  Chatham.  Send  your  name  by  next  mail. 
Manson Cainpliell.  Pres., 

CAMPBELL  C'”.,  Detroit,  Mich.  . 

Kansas  City,  Mo.;  St.  Paul,  Minn.;  Seattle,  Wash. 


No  Money  Down 
No  Note 

No  Contract 


Riddles  i 
Every  Purpos# 


NO  -  MONEY  -  IN  -  ADVANCE  —  NO 
BANK  DEPOSIT  —  PAY  AFTER  IT 
HAS  PAID  FOR  ITSELF 

IXT  US  SE.ND  YOU  ANY  OF  TH1LSE,  SPRAYERS — to  try  for  10  days, 
then  if  you  buy,  you  can  pay  us  caslTor  we’ll  wait  till  you  sell  your  crop,  then 
you  can  pay  us  out  of  the  “extra  profit.”  We  pay  freight .  Wholesale  dealers  *  prices . 


Man-Power  Potato  and  Orchard  Sprayer. 

Spray,  “anything”  —  potatoes  or  truck.  4  rows  at  a 
time.  Also  first-class  tree  sprayer.  Vapor  spray  pre¬ 
vents  blight,  bugs,  scab  and  rot  from  cutting  your  crop 
In  half.  High  pressure  from  big  wheel.  Pushes  easy. 
Spray  arms  adjust  to  any  width  or  height  of  row.  Cheap 
in  price,  light,  strongand  durable.  G  U ABLANTEED  FOU 
FIVE  FITL  TEARS.  Needn’t-send-a-centto  get  it  “on 
trial.”  You  can  get  one  free  if  you  are  first  in  your  locality. 
Write  today. 


Horse-Power  Potato  and  Orchard  Sprayer. 

For  hi*  growers.  Most  powerful  machine  made.  80  to 
100  gallon  tank  for  one  or  two  horses.  Steel  a:;le.  One- 
piece-heavy-angle-iron  frame,  cypress  wood  tank  with 
adjustable  round  iron  hoops.  Metal  wheels.  “Adjust¬ 
able”  spray  arms  and  nozzles.  Brass  ball-valves,  plun¬ 
ger,  strainer,  etc.  Big  pump  gives  vapor  spray.  War¬ 
ranted  for  live  years.  Try  this  machine  at  our  expense 
with  '■'■your  money  in  your  pocket.”  See  free  oiler  below. 
Write  today. 


Fltz-AH  Barrel  Sprayer. 

Fits  any  barrel  or  tank.  High  pressure, 
perfect  agitation,  easy  to  operate.  Brass 
ball-valves,  plunger,  strainer,  etc.  Auto¬ 
matic  strainer.  No  ”cup  leathers  or  rub¬ 
ber”  about  any  of  our  sprayers.  Furn¬ 
ished  plain,  mounted  on  barrel,  or  on 
wheels  as  shown.  Five  year  guarantee. 
It  don’t  cost  you  “a  cent”  to  try  it  in  your 
orchard.  Get  one  free.  See  below . 

Write  today. 


You  can  get  a  Hurst  Sprayer  absolutely  free 
If  you  are  the  first  in  your  locality  this  season 
to  send  for  one  of  our  sprayers  for  trial. 
Yon  need  do  no  canvassing  or  soliciting,  it 
will  only  take  1G  minutes  of  your  time.  We  do  the  work. 
When  you  get  a  sprayer  from  us  you  get  the  benefit  of  our 
24  years  experience  in  manufacturing  sprayers.  Hurst 
Sprayers  won  the  gold  medal  at  the  National  Horticultural 
Congress  spraying  machine  contest.  Send  us  a  postal  or 
mark  the  attached  coupon  and  mail  it  to  us  and  we  will 
send  you  our  fine  catalog,  Bpraying  guide,  and  will  tell  you 
how  you  can  get  a  sprayer  free.  Don’t  delay,  write  us  at 
once  for  onr  free  sprayer  proposition  and  save  money. 

H.  L.  HURST  MFC.  CO.,  284  North  St.,  Canton,  Ohio 


H.T„.  HURSTMFO.CO.,  2R4  North  St.,  Canton,  O.  0011011111 

Send  me  your  Catalog,  Spraying  tJuide  and  “special  liUUlUIl - 

offer”  on  the  sprayer  marked  with  an  X  below.  .  . 

.Man-Power  Potato  and  Orchard  Sprayer.  SWltGOllSIJ 


.Horse-Power  Potato  and  Orchard  Sprayer. 
.Fitz-AU  Barrel  Sprayer. 

.4-Wheel  Orchard  Sprayer. 

NAME. 

ADDRESS. 


1911 


Fillers  in  Apple  Orchard. 

8.  A.  H.,  Oreencastle,  Pa. — Which  would 
you  consider  most  profitable  to  plant  in  an 
apple  orchard  of  300  standard  or  permanent 
trees,  peaches  or  dwarf  apples?  What  va¬ 
rieties  of  dwarf  apples  would  you  recom¬ 
mend?  On  our  soil  peaches  do  as  well  as 
apples. 

Ans. — From  our  own  experience  we 
should  not  plant  either  as  fillers.  If  it 
was  to  be  one  or  the  other  we  should 
select  peaches.  We  would  rather  set  the 
peaches  or  dwarf  apples  by  themselves, 
and  if  fillers  were  desired  use  early- 
bearing  varieties  of  apples.  Probably 
the  same  varieties  which  are  suitable 
as  standards  can  be  best  used  as  dwarfs. 


How  to  Use  Nightsoil. 

S.  B.  Olasgp,  Conn. — Will  you  inform 
me  how  and  in  what  way  to  use  nightsoil 
for  farm  land,  as  I  am  in  a  position  to 
obtain  quite  a  quantity  and  wish  to  use  it 
on  sandy  loam  land,  with  or  without  fer¬ 
tilizers,  for  whatever  crop  it  is  best 
adapted?  About  how  much  per  acre?  I 
had  thought  to  mix  it  with  water  till  it 
became  like  a  paste  and  then  pour  it  even 
on  the  land  before  plowing. 

Ans.— It  will  depend  on  the  condition 
this  manure  is  in.  If  the  liquids  are 
left  with  it  in  vaults  the  best  way  will 
be  to  pump  it  out  into  barrels  or  tanks, 
using  a  cistern  pump  with  a  straight 
upright  lift.  This  liquid  can  then  be' 
poured  over  the  ground  where  crops  are 
to  be  planted.  This  is  a  wasteful  plan 
in  Winter,  as  this  manure  contains 
soluble  plant  food  which  is  often  leached 
out  of  the  soil.  The  best  way  to  handle 
it  is  to  have  a  compost  heap  of  muck, 
old  sods  or  waste  and  manure,  and  pour 
the  liquids  onto  this  heap.  This  will 
hold  the  plant  food  and  help  ferment 
the  muck.  In  Spring  it  can  be  hauled 
and  spread  like  ordinary  manure.  If 
this  manure  is  in  earth  closets  and  in 
solid  condition  we  should  collect  and 
pile  it  in  layers  of  good  soil.  Let  it 
stand  this  way  about  six  weeks  and 
then  fork  over  and  use  like  other 
manure.  This  material  has  a  double 
value  on  the  farm.  It  is  somewhat 
richer  than  stable  manure,  and  the  plant 
food  is  more  soluble.  It  will  not  only 
help  the  crops  directly,  but  is  one  of 
the  best  things  to  use  in  a  compost  heap 
to  start  up  fermentation. 


Wood  Ashes  and  Fertilizer. 

F.  P.  It.,  East  Windsor  Hill,  Conn. — I 
have  always  understood  that  it  was  not  a 
good  plan  to  use  wood  ashes  the  same 
season  with  commercial  fertilizer.  Will 
you  inform  me  in  regard  to  the  exact  rea¬ 
son  for  this,  and  how  long  after  the  ap¬ 
plication  of  ashes  would  it  be  safe  to  apply 
the  fertilizer? 

Ans. — The  only  sound  reason  why 
wood  ashes  should  not  be  used  with 
fertilizer  is  that  the  ashes  contain 
burned  lime.  This  lime  will  unite  with 
soluble  phosphoric  acid  to  make  it  “re¬ 
vert,”  or  become  less  soluble.  It  might 
also  act  to  set  free  the  ammonia  from 
such  organic  materials  as  dried  blood  or 
tankage.  This  would  mean  a  loss  if  the 
mixture  were  made  above  ground.  Ex¬ 
cept  for  these  possible  objections,  thr¬ 
ashes  can  be  used  the  same  year  as  the 
fertilizer. 


Use  of  Ground  Phosphate  Rock. 

J.  II.,  Summerville,  Oa. — Do  you  think  it 
would  pay  me  best  to  use  Tennessee  ground 
phosphate  rock  instead  of  using  acid  phos¬ 
phate  on  land  for  grass,  corn,  clover  and 
peas?  Will  the  phosphorus  in  this  ground 
rock  become  available?  If  so,  how  long? 
What  per  cent  available  and  not  available 
in  it?  The  manufacturers  claim  big  things 
for  this  raw  ground  rock.  Would  you  ad¬ 
vise  sticking  to  acid  phosphate,  or  use  this 
not  treated  with  acid? 

Ans. — On  the  lighter  soils  without 
much  humus  and  for  garden  or  quick¬ 
growing  crops  we  should  stick  to  the 
available  forms  of  phosphoric  acid.  With 
crops  such  as  you  raise  and  where 
manure  is  used  freely  there  can  be  no 
doubt  that  ground  phosphate  rock  gives 
results.  We  do  not  understand  that 
there  is  much,  if  any,  available  phos¬ 
phoric  acid  in  this  rock,  yet  when  mixed 


THE  RURAL  NRW -YORKER 


with  the  manure  and  used  on  a  clover 
sod  to  be  plowed  under  practical  ex¬ 
perience  on  many  western  and  southern 
farms  shows  that  in  some  way  the  plants 
make  use  of  the  ground  rock.  Without 
question  the  use  of.  this  rock  has  in¬ 
creased  in.  the  West,  but  we  would  not 
advise  its  use  except  where  there  is  an 
abundance  of  manure  and  where  clover 
and  grain  are  the  chief  crops. 


NEW  PEACHES  AND  PLUMS  IN  PENN¬ 
SYLVANIA. 

From  my  experience  Mayflower  is  about 
all  that  is  claimed  for  it.  Greensboro  is 
another  reliable  sort.  Ileiley  or  Early  Belle 
is  all  that  J.  II.  Hale  claims  for  it ;  most 
profitable  sort  for  Pennsylvania  peach  reg¬ 
ions,  except  Carman  and  Elberta,  it  ranks 
third  in  the  list.  Family  Favorite  is  ripe 
after  Greensboro,  and  before  it  Ileiley  and 
Carman,  and  fills  in  a  gap  in  the  markets. 
Arkansas  Beauty  is  a  fine  early  semi-cling, 
yet  it  is  ripe  at  time  Georgia  crop  is  get¬ 
ting  in  cities.  Belle  of  Georgia  is  another 
valuable  sort,  large  size,  a  white  Elb.erta. 
Carman  is  an  excellent  sort  to  plant  out, 
and  if  the  writer  could  only  set  one  peach 
for  market  and  family  use,  it  would  be  Car¬ 
man,  hut  Elberta  for  large  shipping  sort 
outranks  Carman.  The  writer  has  tried  out 
partially  37  newer  sorts  of  peaches  here  on 
Blue  Ridge,  Pennsylvania,  such  as  Cham¬ 
pion,  Delaware,  Klondike,  Edgemont  Beauty, 
Bequets  Free,  Iron  Mountain,  Miss  Dolo, 
Niagara,  Capt.  Ede,  Mamie  Ross.  No  one 
will  make  a  mistake  in  planting  out  the  new 
kinds  to  discard  Slappy,  Matthews  Beauty, 
Emma,  Globe,  Wonderful,  Engle  Mammoth, 
Dewey,  Victor,  Sneed,  Yellow  St.  John  and 
Peatland,  either  shy,  subject  to  rot,  run 
small  in  size,  or  too  tender  for  northern 
climate.  The  best  frost  resistors  are  Car¬ 
man,  Hieley,  Belle  of  Georgia,  Mountain 
Rose,  Wager  and  Crosby,  Champion,  Dela¬ 
ware,  Capt.  Ede,  Oldmixon,  Waddell,  Sal- 
way  and  Smock  are  all  fairly  resistant  to 
frosts  in  bloom.  A  new  man  need  not  fear 
to  plant  Fox  Seedling,  Niagara,  Iron  Moun¬ 
tain,  Chairs  Choice,  Bokhara  No.  3.  Early 
Wheeler  is  far  ahead  of  Alexander,  Dewey 
and  Waterloo.  Ray  is  similar  to  Carman. 
Peach  sorts  of  North  China  origin  appear 
better  resisters  to  frost  and  yellows.  Craw¬ 
ford  type  least  resistant.  A  fruit  man 
learns  how  to  grow  best  sorts  just  about 
the  time  he  has  to  die.  As  for  Japan 
plums,  Red  June  heads  the  list,  Abundance 
close  second,  Shiro  and  America  good  hy¬ 
brids  and  will  pay  to  plant.  Gold  a  good 
canner,  Gonzales  hardy  and  fine  to  eat  out 
of  hand.  Burbank  must  be  sprayed  while 
in  leaf  with  self-boiled  lime,  eight  pounds 
to  eight  pounds  sulphur,  and  80  gallons 
water.  f.  l.  Hancock. 

Snyder  Co.,  Pa. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


Better  Buggies 

At  Lower  Prices 

whole  thing;  better  buggies.  A 
mt_,0~ACC0Un*:'!  Is  dear  at  any  price. 

Ihink  of  quality;  then  price.  Many  buggy 
manufacturers  are  making  cheap-grade  ve¬ 
hicles  to  sell  to  dealers  who  want  to  compete 
with  cheap  general  mail-order  houses. 
Phelps,  the  Individual  made-to-order  buggy 
maker,  stands  for  quality  first,  always.  His 
price  is  low  because  he  gives  you,  the  buyer, 
the  benefit  of  the  middlemen’s  profits  by 
selling  direct  from  his  big  factory. 

Split  Hickory 

Vehicles 

aro  the  highest  grade  made,  sold  direct  at 
the  lowest  price  possible,  meaning  a  saving 
of  from  $25  to  $75  to  you,  according  to  the 
vehicle  you  buy.  On  30  days’  free  road  test- 
two  years’  guarantee. 

Split  Hickory  means  highest  grade,  sec¬ 
ond  growth,  shell  bark  hickory  used  in  run¬ 
ning  gears,  wheels,  etc.,  split  with  the  grain 
(not  sawed)  giving  more  strength,  more 
safety,  longer  life. 

Big  Buggy  Book  Free 

Phelps  wants  to  send  you  Ills  book  for  1911.  Best 
ho  ever  pot  but.  125  styles  to  cluuise  from.  More 
bupples  than  can  bo  found  in  teir  big  towns  or  25 
dealers’  stores.  Beautiful  book,  full  of  bip  photo¬ 
graphs  sliowlnp  you  the  weak  polntsfound  In  most 
bupples  that  Pli  ‘ 


pples  that  Phelps  makes  strong  points  In  Split 
Hickory,  Full  line  of  harness,  too. 

Pon’tyou  wantthls  book! 

Pholps  wants  to  mail  it  to 
you  free.  He  pays  postago. 

It’s  worth  while  to  get  it 
no  matter  where  you  buy. 

H.  C.  Phelps,  President 
The  Ohio  Carriage 
Mfg.  Company 
Station  290, 

Columbus,  O. 

Largest  Factory 
in  the  World  sett¬ 
ing  Vehicles  Di¬ 
rect  to  Consumer. 


^37 


A  Roofing  that  Prevents  Fire 

is  what  railroads  select.  Property  worth 
many  thousands  of  dollars  depends  upon 
it  That  is  why  the  Chicago  &  West¬ 
ern  Indiana  Railroad  and  others  select 

KlCDITKierT*  Paroid 
librUNaCFI  Roofing 

Endorsed  by  The  National  Board  of  Fire  Underwriter* 

Think  what  such  protection  against 
fire  is  worth  for  all  your  farm  buildings. 

Write  for  onr  Book  of  Plans  and  full  de¬ 
scription  of  the  different  Neponsct  Roofings 
for  different  types  of  buildings. 

F.  W.  BIRD  &  SON,  Est.  1795 

Originators  of  Complete  Ready  Roofings  and  IP ater proof 
Building  Papers. 

12B  Neoonset  Street  East  Walpole,  Mass. 

now  rorle  Chicago  Washington  Portland,  Ore.  Son  Franoisoo 


u 


NEponseI 


in™ 


E\S\Yl 


rs 


» » • 


Neponset  Paroid  Roofing  on  Chicago 
&  IV cstem  Indiana  R.R.  Terminal . 


Trythe  DELIN" 

Wif/i  four  Money  fn  Vot/rPoc/ief 


Try  It  for  30 days  on  your  own  roads;  then, 
if  you  find  it  entirely  satisfactory  ,  you  pay 
us.  Buggies— all  8tyles--and  harness  at  lowest 
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by  making  each  acre  yield  its  utmost.  There  is  no  difficulty  about 
selling  the  largest  crops  that  can  be  raised,  for  the  food  products 
of  this  country  are  not  keeping  pace  with  the  increasing  population, 
and  soon  the  American  people  will  have  to  depend  in  large  part  on 
the  farmers  of  foreign  nations,  unless  the  American  farmers  rise  to 
their  opportunity. 

The  yield  per  acre  of  the  average  American  farm  is  much  less 
than  on  foreign  farms.  The  remedy  for  the  American  farmer 
plainly  lies  in  increasing  his  production,  and,  of  course,  his  profits. 
It  can  be  done,  for  it  is  chiefly  a  matter  of  fertility ;  and  the  best 
part  of  it  is  that  the  more  fertilizer  used  the  easier  it  is  to  pay  for 
it.  The  extra  crops  take  care  of  that,  only  be  sure  to  use  the 
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Second  National  Bank  Building, 
Cincinnati. 


238 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


February  25, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


FLORIDA  NOTES.  No.  3. 

If  you  want  to  see  a  man  who  is  full 
master  of  the  situation  go  and  look  at  a 
Florida  man  who  has  a  “Jersey”  to  sell, 
lie  gets  the  entire  consumer's  dollar  and 
then  tells  what  the  dollar  shall  contain. 
The  orange  grower  takes  some  30  cents 
of  the  final  dollar  and  accepts  it  as  an  act 
of  Providence.  Certainly  he  cannot  change 
it.  The  man  with  the  cow  tilts  his  cigar 
at  a  sharp  angle,  turns  a  cold  eye  when  you 
criticize  the  cow  and  merely  says  you  don’t 
have  to  buy  her  if  you  don’t  want  to. 
Uncle  Ed  performed  a  financial  miracle  and 
got  him  down  $5,  but  that  was  the  limit.  I 
paid  for  the  cow.  She  was  mine. 

It  is  one  thing  to  have  legal  possession 
of  a  cow,  and  quite  another  to  get  her  home. 
In  this  case  the  cow  had  never  been  taught 
to  lead,  and  home  was  nearly  seven  miles 
away  through  the  woods.  A  gentle  rain 
had  begun.  The  sunshine  is  Florida’s  chief 
asset,  and  when  that  is  shut  off  with  no 
aid  from  the  moon  it  is  a  forlorn  country. 
There  we  were  late  in  the  afternoon,  with 
darkness  rapidly  coming  and  a  cow  firmly 
attached  to  her  friends  and  home.  We  got 
a  rope  around  her  horns,  and  Uncle  Ed 
started  in  to  show  how  to  do  it  by  getting 
behind  the  cow  with  the  rope  in  one  band 
and  a  switch  in  the  other.  They  went 
round  and  round  in  a  circle.  Finally  when 
the  cow  saw  that  we  meant  business  she 
raised  on  her  hind  legs  and  struck  out  with 
her  front  feet  like  a  prize  lighter — and  as 
I  have  seen  horses  fight.  She  struck,  but 
had  no  aim.  There  was  no  “Jersey”  about 
that.  Everything  she  ever  got  from  her 
gentle  Island  ancestors  was  forgotten  when 
it  came  to  a  fight  for  home.  Somewhere 
back  in  the  woods  in  a  lonely  jungle  one 
of  that  cow’s  ancestors  had  fought  some 
wild  animal  in  defense  of  her  calf.  Like 
a  flash  my  would-be  milk  producer  forgot 
all  the  years  of  civilization,  and  was  back 
with  the  spirit  of  the  old  woods  cow  fight¬ 
ing  for  freedom.  I  confess  that  I  watched 
her  with  something  of  admiration — though 
Uncle  Ed  did  not  share  it  as  he  dodged 
those  hoofs.  It  doesn’t  take  so  much  to 
send  any  warm  blood  inside  of  a  living  skin 
back  to  the  barbarism  of  old  ancestors. 

Now,  no  doubt  some  of  you  expert  cow 
men  will  tell  how  you  would  have  driven 
that  cow  home.  I  am  telling  how  we  got 
her  there  with  a  wet  night  falling  and  seven 
miles  of  Florida  sand  and  swamp  ahead  of 
us.  I  got  that  rope  around  her  horns  firmly 
and  snubbed  her  up  reasonably  close  to  the 
hind  axle.  Then  1  told  Uncle  Ed  to  drive 
on  and  I  walked  behind.  That  cow  was 
dead  game.  She  fought  back  every  step  of 
the  way,  and  with  her  feet  in  the  soft  sand 
she  had  a  good  purchase  on  old  Frank.  It 
was  slow  progress.  Night  suddenly  fell  upon 
us  with  pitch  darkness.  Uncle  Ed  and  I 
took  turns  escorting  that  cow.  I  feared 
that  in  her  plunges  she  would  throw  herself 
or  get  her  foot  in  the  wheel. 

We  crawled  slowly  on  with  frequent  stops 
until,  about  a  mile  from  home,  the  road 
rose  out  of  the  swampy  ground  to  a  dry, 
sandy  ridge.  It  was  my  turn  to  walk,  and 
I  was  trudging  behind  ankle  deep  in  the 
sand,  filled  with  cheerful  thoughts  in  spite 
of  the  darkness  and  wet.  For,  had  we  not 
found  a  cow?  Here  was  the  foundation  of 
the  Southern  Hope  Farm  herd  of  grade  Jer¬ 
seys  which  would  demonstrate  great  things 
for  the  dairy  business.  It  is  a  good  thing 
to  have  a  cheerful  imagination  as  you  travel 
in  the  dark,  but  mine  was  rudely  shocked 
when  I  ran  directly  into  that  cow.  She 
had  finally  broken  the  rope  and  stood  stock 
still  in  the  road,  obstinately  refusing  to 
step  another  foot.  I  got  her  by  the  horn, 
but  running  away  was  the  last  thing  she 
dreamed  of.  Frank  had  gone  off  somewhere 
in  the  darkness  and  Uncle  Ed  with  him. 
That  cow  was  simply  tired  out,  and  abso¬ 
lutely  refused  to  take  another  step.  You 
might  have  run  over  her  with  a  railroad 
train,  but  in  her  present  frame  of  mind  it 
would  have  been  that  much  worse  for  the 
train.  The  horse  was  tired,  for  800  pounds 
of  Florida  cow  with  her  feet  braced  in  the 
soft  sand  represents  a  ton  of  dead  pull.  In 
the  utter  darkness  I  could  not  tell  whether 
either  of  them  had  been  hurt.  So  Uncle 
Ed  took  the  horse  and  -went  home  for  a 
lantern  and  help,  while  I  stayed  with  the 
cow. 

It  is  not  likely  that  one  per  cent  of  you 
good  people  will  ever  find  yourself  in  a 
Florida  wilderness  on  a  dark,  drizzly  night 
with  a  weary  cow.  If  you  ever  do  you 
would  probably  disregard  any  rules  of  con¬ 
duct  I  might  lay  down.  Dark?  The  black¬ 
ness  was  so  thick  you  could  cut  cakes  of  it 
and  have  a  deeper  darkness  come  in  to  fill 
lh  the  place.  With  a  match  I  might  pos¬ 
sibly  have  started  a  fire,  but  I  had  no  way 
of  striking  a  light.  We  had  passed  some 
half-mile  back  a  little  house  in  which  lives 
a  colored  preacher.  I  would  gladly  have 
listened  to  a  sermon  from  him  on  “Let  there 
be  light,”  but  even  his  kerosene  lamp  had 
gone  out.  All  I  knew  was  that  the  road 
ran  north  and  south,  so  that  off  far  away 
as  I  faced  was  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  at 
my  back  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  If  it  is 
possible  that  you  will  have  to  sit  up  with  a 
cow  or  anyone  else  under  such  circumstances 
I  advise  you  to  lay  in  a  good  stock  of  poetry 
and  cheerful  thoughts.  They  will  come  in 
very  handy.  My  thoughts  would  not  be  in¬ 
teresting.  Nothing  happened.  I  doubt  if 
there  was  a  man  to  do  me  harm  within 
20  miles.  I  could  have  dropped  my  pocket- 
book  in  the  sand  and  come  back  next  day 
to  find  it  safe.  The  cow  was  certainly  no 
society.  Now  and  then  she  shook  her  head 
and  rattled  her  bell,  but  for  the  most  part 
she  stood  with  those  feet  still  braced.  As 
for  ghosts — nothing  could  have  suited  me 
better  than  to  have  some  Indian  or  some 
mailed  old  Spaniard  step  out  of  the  brush 
and  talk  about  his  brief  day.  Uncle  Ed 
made  good  time.  In  less  than  an  hour  I 
saw  two  lights  bobbing  up  the  road.  I 
rattled  the  cowbell  and  the  boys  swung 
their  lanterns.  This  is  no  story  of  a  thril¬ 
ling  rescue  from  danger.  There  was  no 
danger.  Charlie  and  the  three  larger  boys 
ran  up  to  find  the  cheerful  Hope  Farm 
man  still  holding  his  obstinate  cow.  Charlie 
carried  an  armful  of  crab  grass  hay.  I 
felt  that  cow’s  muscles  relax  when  she  saw 
it,  and  finally  she  stretched  out  her  neck 
and  took  a  mouthful.  We  finally  got  her 
going  with  one  boy  walking  ahead  with  the 
hay  under  his  arm,  and  something  before  9 
o’clock  we  turned  her  into  her  pen  and  went 
in  to  supper.  Did  supper  taste  good?  Did 
mother  and  the  children  look  natural?  Did 
the  open  fire  roar  and  snap  properly?  Well, 
sir,  some  things  in  Florida  do  seem  to  stand 


on  their  heads  as  compared  with  the  way 
we  have  them,  but  one  sentiment  is  univer¬ 
sal  all  the  world  over,  “There’s  no  place 
like  home!” 

Of  course  no  one  expected  that  cow  to 
give  much  milk  that  night.  She  didn’t — 
nor  the  next  morning  either.  However,  our 
folks  waited  in  patience  for  the  cow  to 
“come  back”  to  her  gallon  and  a  half.  The 
children  were  more  concerned  in  the  fact 
that  Uncle  Ed  had  forgotten  what  her  name 
was !  For  two  days  she  acted  like  a  caged 
wild  creature,  barely  touching  food  and 
with  eyes  wild  and  protruding.  I  stayed 
by  her  as  best  I  could  with  hay  and  wheat 
bran,  and  at  last  she  began  to  eat.  Mother 
will  scarcely  enter  a  contest  as  angel  of 
patience,  and  when  I  came  in  the  third 
night  with  less  than  a  quart  she  felt  it  time 
to  express  her  feelings. 

“I  did  not  want  a  cow — I  wanted  milk.” 

Of  course  I  could  bring  witnesses  to  prove 
her  exact  words  if  need  be,  but  in  spirit, 
at  least,  she  was  right.  The  next  morning 
when  I  got  hold  of  that  cow  I  felt  somehow 
that  the  great  moment  had  arrived.  I  know 
now  how  the  handlers  of  the  Guernsey  cow 
“Missy  of  the  Glen”  felt  when  she  poured 
out  that  nine  per  cent  milk,  but  I  felt  that 
I  was  close  to  vindication,  and  I  was,  for 
I  know  that  I  had  five  quarts  or  more  in 
that  pail.  Unfortunately  before  1  could  get 
anybody  there  to  see  it  that  cow  played 
what  I  call  a  double  performance.  I  was 
working  for  the  “last  wrung  drop”  when 
suddenly  she  swung  about,  hit  me  in  the 
ribs  with  her  horn,  and  at  the  same  time 
hit  the  pail  with  her  foot.  Her  milk  came 
from  Jersey,  but  that  double  action  came 
out  of  the  woods,  and  as  that  milk  rolled 
down  my  legs  I  knew  that  legal  evidence  of 
my  great  test  was  gone.  I  got  out  of  that 
cow’s  stall  as  rapidly  as  possible,  for  a 
man  with  such  an  army  of  children  as  I 
have  must  be  careful  to  uphold  the  truth 
of  the  text  concerning  the  gentleman  who 
“taketh  a  city.”  They  were  waiting  to  see 
me  measure  the  milk,  but  a  little  over  three 
quarts  was  all  I  could  squeeze  out !  There 
was  no  further  evidence  except  my  wet 
clothes,  and  while  our  folks  politely  re¬ 
mained  silent  they  wanted  to  see  the  milk. 
So  1  know  how  people  figure  “two-gallon 
cows”  when  they  have  an  animal  for  sale. 
You  have  the  milk,  guess  at  it,  the  cow 
kicks  the  pail  and  you  multiply  the  guess. 
It  is  just  like  the  fish  that  gets  away  after 
you  hook  him.  He  is  naturally  the  biggest 
one  of  the  lot. 

I  cannot  get  my  five  quarts  at  one  milk¬ 
ing  on  the  x-ecords  even  with  an  injunction 
or  a  Florida  justice  of  the  peace  to  help.  It 
was  clearly  evident  to  all  that  actual  milk 
was  the  only  evidence  which  would  satisfy. 
Mr.  Taylor,  the  owner  of  those  Guernsey 
cows,  has  my  sympathy,  but  if  my  humble 
experience  is  worth  anything  he  is  welcome 
to  it.  No  one  will  believe  that  my  cow 
filled  that  pail  until  I  make  her  “come 
back”  and  do  it  again.  The  moisture  on 
my  clothes  might  be  milk,  but  milk  in  the 
pail  is  what  counts.  I  got  that  cow  up  to 
nearly  six  quarts  a  day,  but  I  could  not  re¬ 
peat  that  one  “milking”  unless  I  put  water 
an  the  pail  or  only  half  milked  the  cow  at 
night.  Hereafter  when  a  man  sells  me  a 
“two-gallon”  cow  he’s  got  to  get  the  eight 
quarts  into  a  pail  before  me  and  let  me  do 
the  measuring.  In  a  much  larger  way  the 
public  has  the  same  right  to  a  “come  back” 
with  those  Guernsey  cows.  And  now  with 
the  cow  provided  let  us  see  what  else  Floi’- 
ida  can  do.  H.  w.  c. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
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G.  W.  KOINER,  Commissioner  of  Agriculture,  Richmond,  Va. 


ORNAMENTAL  FENCE.  Cheaper  andl 
far  better  than  wood  for  Lawns,  | 
ChurcheH,  Cemeteries.  Also  Poul¬ 
try  and  Farm  Pence.  Free  Catalog. 
Wirte  for  Special  Offer. 

FENCE  CO„  Box  945  Decatur.  Ind.  I 


FENCE 


Strongest 
Made — — 


Made  of  H  igh  Carbon  Double  Strength 
Coiled  Wire.  Heavily  Galvanized  to 
prevent  rust.  Have  no  agents.  Sell  at 
factory  prices  on  30  days’  free  trial. 
We  pay  al  I  freight.  37  heights  of  farm 
and  poultry  fence.  Catalog  Free. 

COILED  SPRING  FENCE  CO. 
Box  233  Winchester,  Indiana. 


Heavy  Fence 

For  Economy 

W OVEN-WIRE  FENCES  must  be  heavy  as 
they  have  to  turn  animals  by  sheer  strength 
of  the  wire.  A  fence  with  barbs  is  protected 
from  excessive  pressure  because  the  animal  fears  the 
barbs.  Remove  the  barbs  and  the  greatest  strength 
of  the  animal  is  thrown  upon  the  fence.  Its  wires 
must  be  larger  and  stronger.  To  have  a  long-life 
woven-wire  fence  the  fence  must  be  heavy. 

AMERICAN 

FENCE 

is  a  thoroughly  galvanized  square  mesh  fence  of 
weight,  strength  and  durability.  Large  wires  are 
used  and  the  whole  fabi’ic  is  woven  together  with 
the  American  hinged  joint  (patented) — the  most 
substantial  and  flexible  union  possible.  Both  wires 
are  positively  locked  and  firmly  held  against  sideslip 
and  yet  are  free  to  act  like  a  hinge  in  yielding  to 
pressure,  returning  quickly  to  place  without  bending 
or  injuring  the  metal. 

npalovc  F  orp _ Stocks  of  American  Fence 

LM2d.ier£>  V cry  W nerc  are  carrled  in  every  place 

where  farm  supplies  are  sold.  The  Fence  is  shipped  to  these 
points  in  carload  lots,  thereby  securing  the  cheapest  transpor¬ 
tation,  and  the  saving  in  treight  thus  made  enables  it  to  be  sold 
at  the  lowest  prices.  Look  for  the  American  Fence  dealer  and 
get  the  substantial  advantages  he  is  enabled  to  offer.  He  is 
there  to  serve  the  purchaser  in  person,  offer  the  variety  of 
selection  and  save  the  buyer  money  in  many  ways. 


FRANK  BAACKES,  Vice  President  and  General  Sales  Agent 

American  Steel  &  Wire  Company 

Chicago  New  York  Denver  San  Francisco 

Send  for  copy  of  “ American  Fence  News”  profusely  illustrated ,  devoted  to  the  interests 
o*  farmers  and  showing  how  fence  may  be  employed  to  enhance  the  earning  power  of  a  farm, 
furnished  free  upon  application. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL,  NKW-YORKER 


239 


Ruralisms 


DAHLIAS  IN  JANUARY. 

It  is  not  every  Dahlia  lover  who  has 
had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  his  Dahlias 
bloom  right  in  the  heart  of  Winter — at 
least,  in  these  United  States  of  America. 
Up  to  the  middle  of  December  I  had  a 
few  blooms  from  several  varieties ;  to¬ 
ward  Christmas  I  had  a  single  plant  of 
a  German  cactus  Dahlia  that  had  three 
or  four  blossoms,  but  somehow  it  was 
just  a  little  bit  within  the  frost  zone, 
and  the  blossoms  were  nipped  by  Christ¬ 
mas  Day.  But  now  in  the  middle  of 
January  I  find  a  plant  of  Dahlia  Flora- 
dora  resplendent  with  several  fair-sized 
blooms,  and  it  is  in  an  unsheltered  loca¬ 
tion.  I  suppose  the  reason  this  plant  is 
flowering  so  far  out  of  season  is  be¬ 
cause  of  the  out-of-the-ordinary  culture 
it  received — perhaps  it  would  be  well 
for  me  to  state  that  it  had  no  culture 
at  all.  This  is  the  treatment  this  par¬ 
ticular  plant  had :  In  digging  my  sev¬ 
eral  hundred  Dahlia  tubers  from  one 
of  the  plots  where  I  had  grown  them 
during  1900,  I  only  lifted  a  few  of  the 
variety  named,  as  I  did  not  intend  to 
continue  growing  many  of  this  variety 
in  the  future,  owing  to  the  small  size 
of  its  blossoms.  Of  those  lifted  I 
allowed  a  couple  to  remain  in  the  field 
just  as  they  came  out  of  the  ground; 
that  is,  they  had  some  earth  about  the 
roots.  These  clumps  of  tubers  remained 
all  through  the  year — the  cold  and  rain 
of  Winter,  and  the  scorching  hot  days 
of  Summer — right  out  in  the  open.  They 
would  have  surely  withered  up  and  en¬ 
tirely  lost  vitality  if  it  were  not  for  the 
earth  that  was  about  them,  and  their 
contact  below  with  Mother  Earth.  So, 
when  the  first  rains  of  the  new  season 
came  along  in  October  the  plants  again 
started  into  life;  their  growth  was 
necessarily  stunted.  No  attention  was 
paid  them  until  I  saw  the  bright  red 
blossoms  out  in  the  garden  yesterday. 
The  color  was  not  that  of  the  well 
known  Floradora;  it  was  of  a  pretty 
light  red,  and  was  very  attractive,  show¬ 
ing  that  the  season  made  a  difference  in 
the  coloring  of  the  bloom.  The  flower, 
too,  could  be  called  a  semi-double,  as 
it  was  not  near  as  full  as  the  flower  is 
under  usual  culture.  The  discovery  has 
given  me  an  idea :  Why  not  grow  Win¬ 
ter  Dahlias?  During  the  Summer  and 
Fall  it  is  almost  an  impossibility  to 
dispose  of  Dahlia  flowers  in  the  florists’ 
shops  in  Oakland  or  San  Francisco; 
why  this  is  so  is  hard  to  tell,  unless 
it  is  that  the  people  have  not  been  edu¬ 
cated  up  to  a  taste  for  them.  But 
when  other  flowers  may  be  scarce,  say 
in  Winter,  I  dare  say  these  flowers 
would  sell  well.  Therefore,  why  not 
try  (o  grow  Dahlias  for  the  Winter  cut- 
flower  trade?  There  are  many  sheltered 
situations  in  and  around  the  cities 
named  where  they  can  be  grown  in  the 
open  the  Winter  through,  and  I  am 
sure  by  holding  the  tubers  out  of  the 
earth  until  the  late  Fall  they  will  come 
into  bloom  in  Winter,  as  did  the  one 
noted.  When  necessary  some  protection 
may  be  provided.  w.  A.  pryal. 

California. 


ST  AMIN  ATE  STRAWBERRY  FLOWERS. 

II.  D.  O.,  Stamford,  Conn. — Can  you  in¬ 
form  me  as  to  whether  seedling  straw¬ 
berries  occur  with  purely  staminate  blos¬ 
soms?  We  have  of  course  pistillate  and 
perfect  flowers,  therefore  there  ought  to 
be  staminate  plants.  Such  plants  would 
have  no  commercial  value  of  course,  but 
they  are  of  some  scientific  interest. 

Ans. — The  tendency  of  the  modern 
cultivated  strawberry  is  toward  the  sup¬ 
pression  of  stamens,  rather  than  to  their 
excessive  development.  Seedlings  of 
current  garden  and  commercial  varieties, 
whether  cross-bred  or  self-pollinated, 
usually  show  a  high  percentage  of  purely 
pistillate  blooms,  but  it  is  rare  indeed 
■to  find  one  exclusively  staminate.  The 


writer  has  grown  many  thousands  of 
strawberry  seedlings,  but  never  encoun¬ 
tered  among  them  purely  staminate 
blossoms.  Such  a  plant  would  have 
limited  interest  even  for  botanists,  who 
are  rarely  concerned  about  cultural  mon¬ 
strosities,  and  would  possess  practically 
no  horticultural  value,  as  there  are 
enough  perfect  or  bi-sexual  varieties  to 
furnish  pollen  for  the  pistillates  if 
planted  in  proper  proportion  to  the  lat¬ 
ter.  Male  strawberry  plants  were  not 
unknown  to  the  older  growers,  and  the 
blooms  were  occasionally  figured  in  early 
treatises  on  the  strawberry,  but  they  are 
certainly  rare  now  among  American  cul¬ 
tivated  strains.  The  strawberry  species 
from  which  our  present  popular  varieties 
are  derived,  Fragaria  Chiloensis,  F.  Vir- 
giniana  and  F.  vesca,  all  have  normally 
perfect  or  bi-sexual  flowers.  The  Euro¬ 
pean  Hautbois  strawberry  Fragaria 
moschata,  however,  is  markedly  dioe¬ 
cious,  often  bearing  exclusively  stamin¬ 
ate  and  pistillate  blooms  on  separate 
plants.  As  Hautbois  varieties  were  for¬ 
merly  cultivated  to  some  extent  in  this 
country  they  may  be  locally  naturalized 
and  occasional  purely  staminate  plants 
be  found.  Such  specimens  as  above 
noted  could  not  be  considered  of  par¬ 
ticular  interest.  w.  v.  F. 


ELDORADO  BLACKBERRY. 

On  page  39  I  see  some  notes  on  blackber¬ 
ries  which  in  the  main  may  be  correct,  but  I 
am  constrained  to  offer  a  correction  so  far 
as  the  Eldorado  is  concerned.  Your  cor¬ 
respondent  says:  “It  has  failed  to  make 
good  throughout  the  Central  States,  that 
it  lacks  productiveness  and  it  is  not  high 
flavored,  and  a  deficient  grower.”  I  will 
say  that  the  Eldorado  did  originate  in 
Ohio,  as  he  says  he  believes  it  did.  I 
bought  the  original  650  plants  from  the 
originator  in  Preble  Co.,  Ohio,  and  named 
it  after  the  village  near  its  place  of 
origin,  Eldorado.  As  to  its  making  good 
in  these  Central  States,  the  testimony  of 
such  authority  as  leading  growers,  and 
the  experiment  stations  placing  it  as  stand¬ 
ing  at  the  head  for  hardiness,  productive¬ 
ness  and  high  quality,  we  think  is  suffi¬ 
cient  when  it  has  stood  the  test  now  for 
some  17  years,  and  the  demand  for  plants 
is  always  in  excess  of  the  supply.  Its 
scarcity  has  led  some  unprincipled  deal¬ 
ers  to  send  out  plants  not  true  to  name, 
and  from  the  description  given  by  Mr. 
Johnson,  I  have  very  grave  doubts  as  to 
whether  he  has  genuine  Eldorado. 

Darke  Co.,  O.  e.  m.  bueciily. 


A  Square  Deal 
Shoe  for 
Farmers 

Here  is  the 
most  durable 
work  shoe  that  has  ever  been  put  to¬ 
gether,  sold  at  the  most  reasonable 
price  and  under  the  strongest  guar¬ 
antee  that  can  be. given  a  shoe. 

We  make  this  positive  assertion 
because  we  know  there  is  not  another 
shoe  of  its  kind  made  today  that  com¬ 
bines  such  stout  leather  and  honest 
making. 

For  vamps  and  uppers  we  use  such 
leathers  as  old-fashioned  French  Kip, 
oil-tanned  moose  hide  and  saddle 
pieces  of  calf.  They  are  soft  and  pli¬ 
able  to  the  touch  and  wear  like  iron. 

The  soles,  outside  and  insole,  are 
of  firstquality.hemlock-tanned  steer’s 
hide  firmly  fastened  with  brass  stand¬ 
ard  screws  or  maple  pegs.  This  is  the 
old-fashioned  shoe  bottom  that  has 
never  been  equalled  for  wear. 

The 

Haskin-Granger 

Shoe 

is  strictly  a  work  shoe.  We  do  not 
attempt  style.  We  have  cornered 
comfort  and  durability.  We  own  and 
operate  our  own  factory.  We  have 
spared  no  expense  or  effort  to  make 
the  most  serviceable,  wear -proof, 
water-proof  shoe  that  can  be  made  by 
skilled  hands  from  perfect  materials. 

We  are  selling  the  Haskin-Granger 
shoe  direct  to  the  farmer,  dividing 
with  him  the  middleman’s  profit. 

We  sell  on  the  guarantee  of  complete 
satisfaction.  All  we  specify 
is  ordinary  care. 

Write  Dept.  A  for  illus¬ 
trations  of  leading  styles 
and  complete  descriptions. 

For  our  reliability  we 
refer  to  the  Citizen’s  Trust 
Co.,  Utica,  N.  Y.,  or  any 
bank  in  Utica. 


The  Haskin  Shoe 
Mfg.  Company 

Stittville 
New  York 


Sure  and  Sudden 
Death  to  All  Insect  Pests 

when  you  spray  with  the  stick-longest,  kill-quickest,  safest 
and  most  economical  of  all  insecticides — 

ELECTRO  Arsenate  of  Lead 

(in  Powdered  Form) 

It  is  the  only  dry  Arsenate  of  Lead  in  an  amorphous  (non-crystalline)  form,  hence 
the  only  one  that  mixes  instantly  with  water  in  such  a  finely  divided  state  that  every 
drop  of  spray  is  equally  strong  in  arsenic.  It  cannot  be  washed  off  by  rain.  Is  death 
to  insects  months  after  application,  yet  it  is  harmless  to  the  newest,  tenderest  foliage. 
Electro  is  guaranteed  to  contain  33%  arsenic  oxide,  or  50%  more  than  other  brands, 
as  proved  by  Connecticut  and  New  Jersey  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 
tests.  Write  us  for  them. 

If  your  dealer  can’t  supply  Electro,  don’t  accept  substitutes,  but  send  to 
us  for'prices  and  proofs  from  successful  fruit  growers.  We’ll  supply 
Electro  in  paste  form  if  you  prefer  it.  Use  Electro  Lime 
Sulphur  for  San  Jose  scale  and  sucking  insects. 

THE  VREELAND  CHEMICAL  CO. 
32  Church  Street,  New  York 


The  Best  Spray  Pump 

Sprays  the  tallest  fruit  trees  from  the  ground. 
Special  nozzle  for  grape  vines,  shrubs,  etc. 
Sprays  quickest  and  best.  Does  the  work  in 
half  the  time  and  does  it  thoroughly.  Always 
ready.  Used  with  bucket,  barrel  or  tank. 
Lasts  a  lifetime.  No  leathers  to  dry  up,  wear 
out,  or  make  trouble. 

Standard  Spray  Pump 

Warranted  for  5  Years.  Price  $4.00. 

It  will  not  cost  you  a  cent  to  try  it.  Our 
special  offer  gives  complete  details.  Write 
for  it  today  and  we  will  also  send  our  illus¬ 
trated  circular  showing  how  this  pump  pays 
for  itself  many  times  over  the  first  season. 

The  Standard  Stamping  Co. 

94  Main  Street  Marysville.  O. 


GET  THE  BEST 

A  Good  Spray  Pump  earns 
big  profits  and  lasts  for  years. 

THE  ECLIPSE 

is  a  good  pump.  As 
practical  fruit  grow- 
\  ers  we  were  using  common 
s  sprayers  in  our  own  orchards 
:  — found  their  defects  and 
|  invented  the  Eclipse.  Its 
’  success  forced  us  to  manu¬ 
facturing  on  a  larp  3  scaie. 
You  take  no  chances.  We 
have  done  all  the  experi¬ 
menting.  Large  fully  illustrated  Catalog 
and  Treatise  on  spraying  FREE. 

MORRILL  &  MORLEY.  Benton  Harbor.  Mich. 

1911  DEYO  POWER  SPRAYERS 


IO  Years  of  Success 


FRIEND  FRUIT  GROWER  :  Uncle  Sam  says 
you  must  spray.  Users  of  the  Deyo  are  relieved 
from  experimenting.  After  ten  years  of  service  the 
Deyo  is  still  giving  perfect  satisfaction.  Our  cus¬ 
tomers  are  our  reference,  ask  the  user.  We  sell 
direct  to  yon.  Deyo  pays  all  freights  to  Missis¬ 
sippi  River  shipping  points.  Write  for  catalogue  19. 

DEYO-MACEY  ENGINE  CO.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


“ONE  FOR  ALL,”  No.  I 


>  _ 

OtATM  TO  INSECTS  *  FUNOI 

Barrels.  425  lb.  _ _  __ 05e.  per  Ib’i 

%  Bbls.,200  lbs..,__  |  e<  m 

t00  ..m  ,1,  ■  ■  r.  Or,  — 

50  lbs  ............ — *1 

25  lb.  . . r|||  „ ,,  rta  ^ 

r  O.  B.  NEW  YORK 

Wool  Create,  Arsenate  of  Lead,  Lime-Sulphui) 
Combined.  A  Contact  and  Poison  Spray. 

Aft  Insecticide  &  Fungicide. 

Only  Thing  Needed  for  all  Pests  or  i  Fungus, 
WRITE  FOR  BOOKLET./ 

MANHATTAN  OIL  COMPANY 

E.ubli.hod  1882 

jBL Front  Streets  (New  York 


Pure  Canada  Unleached  Hardwood  Ashes 

“THE  JOYNT  BRAND” 

“THE  BEST  BY  TEST” 

Now  is  the  time  to  order  your  fertilizer  for  this 
season.  There  is  none  Better  for  all  crops  than 
pure  wood  ashes.  My  ashes  are  all  collected  from 
house  to  house  where  wood  is  used  for  fuel. 

Write  for  Prices  Delivered  at  your  station. 

Address:  JOIIIM  JOYNT 

Lucknow,  Out.  Canada 

Reference  :  Itrndstrcets  Agency  or  Molsons  Rank,  Luoknow 


SPRAY  fW’ 


IT 


the  N.Y.  State  Fruit  Growers  Aaa’n 
PAY  YOU  TO  USE  EITHER. 


PASTE  OR  POWDERED 
FOR  ALL  LEAF  EATING  INSECTS 
RESPONSIBLE  DISTRIBUTERS  ahoAGENTS  WANTEO 

KEY  BRAND 

RIGHT  PRICE  ano  MATERIAL 

FUNGICIDE  and  INSECTICIDE 

ii — m  use 

aiiiirprT 

INTERSTATE  CHEMICAL  CO. 

11  BAYVIEW  AV E..JERSEY  CITY.  N.J. 
WRITE  FOR  PRICES, CIRCULARS  ETC.  CORRESPONDENCE  SOLICITED. 


JARVIS  SPRAYING  COMPOUND 

IS  THE  CHEAPEST  AND  BEST.  IT  HAS  NO  SUPERIOR. 

SURE  CURE  FOR  SAN  JOSE  SCALE. 

Buy  direct  from  the  manufacturer  and  save  money 
Spraying  Compound  ready  to  mix  with  water.  One 
gallon  of  Spraying  compound  will  make  from  sixteen  to 
twenty  gallons  of  spray. 

Terms: — In  bbl.  lots  (50  gal.)  30c.  per  gal. 

We  would  refer  you  to  J.  H.  Hale,  the  Peach  King,  or 
Prof.  Jarvis  of  the  Connecticut  Agricultural  College. 
They  will  tell  you  there  is  nothing  better. 

THE  J.  T.  KOBERTSON  CO.,  BOX  R,  MANCHESTER,  CONN. 


TO  KILL 

San  Jose  Scale 

TJSK 

Bergenport  Brand  Sublimed 

Flowers  of  Sulohur 

The  best  form  of  sulphur  for  LI  me  Sulphur  Wash, 
Combines  easily  and  quickly  with  lime.  Write  to 
BEKGESPORT  SULPHUR  WORKS 
T.  &  S.  C.  White  Co.,  lOO  William  St.,  N.  Y. 


You  Can  Depend  on  These  Sprayers 

Don’t  waste  your  money  on  uncertain  sprayers  the 
kind  that  are  often  out  of  order.  The 
largest  fruit  growers  use  the  “  H  ardie” 
because  it’s  a  sprayer  with  the 
trouble  left  out. 

This  Hardie  No. 

2 1’owerSprayer 
has  150  gal  .tank, 
all  brass  pump, 

11  h.  p.  engine. 
Weight750lhs. 
Trice  $180.00. 


The 

Hardie  Sprayers 

are  made  in  25  different  sizes  and 
styles ;  prices  *3.50  to  $350.  Our  cat¬ 
alogue  describes  these  sprayers, 
and  shows  you  the  best  way  to 
spray.  It’s  free.  8end  for  a  copy. 
THE  HARDIE  MFG.  CO. 

942  Mechanic  St.,  Hudson,  Mich, 
also  49  No.  Front  St. ,  Portland,  Ore, 


Band  Outfit 


SPRAY 


fruits  and 

FIELD  CROPS 

f  and  do  whitewaahing  in  moat  effectual,  economical, 
rapid  way.  Batiifaotion  guaranteed.  BROWN’S 

/  POWER8  Auto-Sprays 

No.  1,  shown  here.  Is  fitted  with  Auto-Pop  Nwzlo- 
I  W°*ko?fA?  °rdin*r7  sprayora.  Endorsed  by  Ex- 
[  periment  Stations  and  30o,W0  others.  40  stylw  and 
I  f!SB  .  hv*Dd  and.  P°wer  eprayers— also  prices 
’  spraying  guide  ia  our  Free  Book. 

Write  postal  now. 

THE  E.  C.  BROWN  COMPANY 

2  8  Jay  8t,  .Rochester,  N.  Y. 


“KANT-KLOG” 

SPRAYERS 

Something  New 


Spraying 
Cuid.  free 


Gets  twice  the  results  — 
with  same  laborand  fluid,  c-ss3-'”  1 
Flat  or  round,  fine  or  coarse  sprays 
from  same  nozzle.  Ten  styles.  For 
trees,  potatoes,  gardens,  whitewashing, 
etc.  Agents  Wanted.  Booklet  Free. 

Rochester  Spray  Pump  Co. 


HARVEY  BOLSTER  SPRINGS 

.Soon  save  their  cost  Make  every  wagon  a  iprlnyyx 
Iiragon,  therefore  fruit,  vegetables,  eggs,  etc., 

■  bring  more  money.  Ask  for  special  proposition. 

| Haney  Spring  to.,  71«- 17th  St.,  Kaetae,  Ml». 


GUARANTEED 


240 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


February  25. 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER. 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes. 

Established  1850. 

PabUtbed  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  Street,  New  York, 

Herbert  W.  Oollingwood,  President  and  Editor, 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Hoyle,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR. 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  $2.04,  equal  to 
8s.  6a.,  or  8*2  marks,  or  10 'c  francs.  Remit  in  money  order, 
express  order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  GO  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  tinn 
orders.  References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to 
us;  and  cr.sh  irust  accompany  transient  orders. 

"A  SQUARE  DEAL.” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a 
responsible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any 
loss  to  paid  subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler 
advertising  in  ourcolumns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  ex¬ 
posed.  We  protect  subcribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee 
to  adjust  trifling  differences  between  subscribers  and  honest,  respon¬ 
sible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be  responsible  for  the  debts  of 
honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts.  Notice  of  the  complaint 
must  be  sent  to  us  v,  ithin  one  month  of  the  time  of  the  transaction, 
and  you  must  have  mentioned  Thl  Rural  New-Yorker  when 
writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

There  is  to  be  a  rush  into  the  hog  business.  The 
high  price  of  pork  and  the  scarcity  of  labor  combine 
to  make  the  hog  a  good  farm  partner.  We  have  had 
hundreds  of  questions  about  suitable  pastures  for 
hogs  which  may  be  started  this  Spring.  The  facts 
will  be  given  next  week.  Do  not  expect  to  make  pork 
without  feeding  some  grain  and  without  giving  the 
hog  a  fair  chance.  Do  not  turn  the  young  orchard 
into  a  hog  pasture.  It  is  10  to  one  you  will  regret  it 

it  you  do.  » 

* 

Mention  has  been  made  of  a  law  in  New  York 
State  which  would  give  protection  to  lime  buyers  by 
compelling  manufacturers  to  give  a  guaranteed  analy¬ 
sis.  Now  we  have  the  following: 

They  have  found  a  joker  in  this  bill,  as  in  many  others 
that  are  at  first  supposed  to  be  valuable.  That  is  this 
law  only  applies  to  limes  that  sell  for  more  than  $5  per 
ton.  As  we  have  just  ordered  our  lime,  which  is  branded 
98  per  cent  c.  o.,  for  $5  f.  o.  b.,  this  wonderful  piece  of 
legislation  promises  to  be  of  but  little  value,  except  to 
make  immune  a  class  of  people  who  want  to  put  an  in¬ 
ferior  article  on  the  market.  w.  H. 

They  do  this  better  in  Rhode  Island,  where  every 
sample  of  lime,  no  matter  what  the  price,  must  be 
guaranteed. 

On  page  238  the  Hope  Farm  man  extends  sym¬ 
pathy  and  advice  to  Mr.  Taylor,  the  owner  of  those 
Guernsey  cows.  That  Florida  cow  put  the  milk  in 
the  pail,  but  the  family  will  accept  it  as  a  fact— when 
they  see  the  milk.  When  the  fisherman  loses  the  big 
fish  off  his  hook— let  him  go  and  catch  another.  When 
a  horse  trots  in  two  minutes  and  the  watches  dis¬ 
agree — let  him  go  over  the  course  again.  There  is 
no  corroborative  evidence  equal  to  “coming  back.” 
Clearly,  that  is  the  task  for  these  Guernsey  cows  to 
tackle.  They  cannot  be  expected  to  have  great  value 
as  breeding  animals  so  long  as  they  cannot  stand  un¬ 
challenged  at  their  supreme  test  without  help  from 
the  Supreme  Court.  Mr.  Taylor  must,  of  course,  see 
that,  and  it  is  clearly  his  duty  to  give  another  test. 

* 

Yon  often  mention  favorably  our  Oregon  system  of 
government.  If  you  progressive  Eastern  people  can  see 
good  in  it  as  it  is  iun  to-day,  it  must  certainly  be  good. 
All  the  old-time  politicians,  ringleaders,  bosses,  liquor  in¬ 
terests  and  strongest  political  papers  of  our  State  are 
united  in  an  effort  to  down  the  new  rule  of  things.  And 
the  people  are  so  determined  to  sit  down  on  these  political 
grafters  that  they  have  been  taken  in  sometimes  by  in¬ 
competent,  shiftless  or  don’t-care  men  who  have  made 
their  campaign  on  the  new  form  of  government  against 
the  old  ring  leaders  whom  the  people  never  fail  to  hit 
when  given  the  chance,  preferring  to  trust  the  government 
to  such  men  rather  than  vote  for  a  better  man  who  has 
joined  the  old  guard.  Time  will,  I  believe,  right  this,  and 
If  the  old  guard  continues  to  take  water  like  they  have 
lately,  it  will  not  be  very  long  before  they  will  give  up 
the  struggle.  You  know  a  lazy  man  will  fight  hard  when 
he  realizes  that  he  has  got  to  go  to  work. 

Oregon.  chas.  h.  days. 

If  we  were  to  believe  the  politicians  and  “influential 
papers”  we  should  conclude  that  the  Oregon  idea  of 
direct  primaries  and  rule  of  the  plain  people  was  a 
miserable  failure.  We  do  not  believe  them,  but  get 
our  information  from  farmers  like  Mr.  Hays.  We 
have  read  big,  elaborate  volumes  on  political  reforms 
which  contained  less  truth  and  human  nature  than  this 
short  note.  When  the  common  people  are  earnestly 
feeling  their  way  along  in  an  experiment  in  self-gov¬ 
ernment  how  the  politicians  do  like  to  point  at  them 
with  scorn  and  ridicule!  It  will  work  out  right.  The 
thing  to  do  first  is  to  kill  off  every  politician  who  is 
identified  with  the  old  system.  Far  better  make  some 


mistake  in  selecting  inferior  men  at  first  rather  than 
give  a  single  inch  to  the  methods  of  the  old  gang. 
Keep  this  up  and  time  will  bring  things  right.  Oh,  for 
such  a  system  in  New  York  State,  where  our  people 
could  smash  the  bosses  and  the  crooks  until  they 
looked  like  the  San  Jose  scale  under  a  coat  of  lime- 
sulphur  !  On  the  whole  the  present  struggle  of  cor¬ 
poration  lawyers  and  politicians  at  Albany  is  a  good 
thing.  It  shows  people  what  they  must  stand  for 
under-  the  present  system  of  indirect  nominations. 
With  the  Oregon  plan  such  a  condition  would  be  im¬ 
possible. 

* 

CANADIAN  “  RECIPROCITY.” 

No.  z. 

Who  demands  reciprocity  with  Canada,  and  who 
will  benefit  by  it?  In  Canada  the  powerful  demand 
comes  from  the  Western  Provinces.  A  few  weeks 
ago  we  told  of  “a  petition  in  boots,”  consisting  of 
1,000  or  more  farmers  who  came  across  the  country 
demanding  various  things  of  the  government.  These 
Western  Provinces  are  dominated  by  English  emi¬ 
grants  who  demand  free  trade,  and  by  Americans  who 
have  gone  from  this  country.  These  Western 
Provinces  are  but  loosely  joined  to  Eastern  Canada. 
Whatever  may  be  said  of  the  old  Provinces,  those 
western  men  could  easily  break  away  and  apply  for 
annexation.  The  Canadian  Government  realizes  this, 
and  also  knows  that  her  western  country  is  to  de¬ 
velop  even  more  rapidly  than  our  own  Western  States. 
This  is  why  that  section,  although  at  present  inferior 
in  population,  dominates  Canadian  political  thought. 
There  is  fierce  opposition  to  reciprocity  in  Ontario. 
Another  “petition  in  boots”  went  to  the  Canadian  capi¬ 
tal  protesting  against  free  trade  in  farm  products. 
This  was  larger  even  than  the  other — 1,500  gardeners 
and  fruit  growers  from  Western  Ontario.  Those  who 
think  all  Canadians  favor  this  measure  should  read 
the  following  from  The  Weekly  Fruit  Grower: 

We  make  this  bold  and  broad  assertion  that  up  until 
10  days  ago  every  class  of  people  in  the  Dominion  of 
Canada,  whether  farmer,  fruit  grower,  vegetable  grower, 
manufacturer,  artisan,  railroad  man,  merchant,  profes¬ 
sional  man  or  day  laborer,  was  in  prosperous,  happy,  con¬ 
tented  condition  and  there  was  absolutely  and  positively 
no  excuse  for  interfering  with  a  sane,  logical  and  practi¬ 
cal  business  tariff.  The  very  fact  that  the  negotiations 
have  been  carried  on  and  that  the  agreement  has  been 
drafted  but  not  ratified,  has  done  Canada  untold  harm. 

In  this  country  the  scheme  is  favored  generally  by 
two  classes.  The  consumers  in  city  and  town  believe 
or  profess  to  believe  that  free  trade  in  Canadian  food 
products  will  greatly  cheapen  the  cost  of  living.  They 
will  be  disappointed,  for  the  food  supply  is  controlled 
by  corporations  who  transport  or  handle  goods,  and 
who  will  use  the  scare  of  “free  trade”  to  cut  down 
prices  to  farmers,  while  holding  up  prices  to  con¬ 
sumers.  For  example,  an  argument  in  favor  of  free 
hides  was  the  statement  that  in  consequence  shoes 
would  be  cheaper.  Has  anyone  found  them  so?  The 
greatest  demand  for  “reciprocity,”  however,  comes 
from  the  great  body  of  citizens  who  feel  that  our 
tariff  laws  are  unjust  and  against  the  interests  of  the' 
common  people.  Such  citizens  see  in  this  measure  a 
chance  to  strike  a  hard  blow  at  the  tariff  system.  Free 
trade  with  Canada  will  be  an  entering  wedge,  and  the 
people  who  favor  it  expect  to  hammer  upon  that 
wedge  until  the  system  is  split  in  two.  The  opposi¬ 
tion  comes  from  farmers  in  the  Eastern  States  and 
along  the  border,  who  see  in  this  “reciprocity”  a 
death  blow  to  the  only  direct  benefit  they  ever  re¬ 
ceived  from  “protection.”  As  we  pointed  out  last 
week,  these  farmers  are  mainly  responsible  for  the 
high  tariffs,  and  have  kept  them  in  force  even  against 
their  own  interests.  Now  that  their  farms  give  promise 
of  increased  value  and  fair  profit,  they  find  them¬ 
selves  abandoned  by  the  very  “interests”  they  have 
nourished  and  made  strong.  We  want  our  people  to 
think  this  all  out  and  understand  it  clearly,  for  the 
consequences  of  this  legislation  will  have  a  tremendous 
bearing  upon  the  future  of  this  country.  We  will  next 
show  just  what  “reciprocity”  means  and  something 
of  its  political  effect. 

* 

What  is  the  agricultural  law  regulating  the  sale  of 
dairy  butter?  The  oleo  agents  are  telling  the  dealers 
that  they  are  liable  to  a  heavy  fine  for  selling  dairy 

butter  with  an  excess  of  moisture  in  it;  in  fact  they  are 

being  fined  all  over  the  State,  and  the  'agents  who  handle 
dairy  butter  are  agreeing  with  them,  but  say  that  all 

their  butter  is  tested  and  will  stand  back  of  all  butter 

sold  by  them.  The  result  is  that  the  small  dealers  are 
afraid  to  buy  from  the  dairyman.  A.  G. 

New  York. 

The  law  of  New  York  has  no  standard  for  mois¬ 
ture.  There  have  been  no  prosecutions.  There  is  a 
Federal  law  which  states  that  butter  must  not  “con¬ 
tain  abnormal  quantities  of  water,  milk  or  cream.” 
No  definite  statement  of  the  amount  of  water  per¬ 
mitted  is  made  in  this  law,  but  the  Internal  Revenue 
Commissioner  holds  that  butter  containing  16  per  cent 
or  more  of  water  is  “abnormal,”  and  thus  adulterated. 


This  “adulterated  butter”  is  subject  to  a  tax.  These 
oleo  agents  are  trying  to  frighten  dealers  and  butter 
makers.  It  is  safe  to  go  ahead  and  make  butter  by 
the  customary  and  well-known  process  of  skimming, 
churning  and  working.  It  will  stand  the  test  of  the 
Federal  Government.  Do  not  be  bluffed  by  the  oleo 
men. 

* 

That  case  of  the  seed  drills  in  Ohio  and  the 
sprayer  case  recently  reported  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  ought 
to  make  farmers  think  before  they  sign  contracts  or 
agreements.  The  lawyer  for  this  drill  company  says 
they  worked  for  20  years  over  that  contract  before 
they  got  it  right  (for  them).  Many  agents  will  offer 
a  contract  which  seems  to  read  properly,  yet  which 
turns  out  to  be  very  unfair.  It  represents  the  work 
of  shrewd  lawyers  to  build  a  compact  woodpile  around 
a  small  but  active  colored  gentleman !  One  common 
method  is  to  ask  a  farmer  to  sign  the  printed  contract 
and  then  make  verbal  agreement  that  certain  things 
will  be  done.  Some  men  will  sign  in  that  way,  be- 
lieving  that  a  man’s  word  is  as  good  as  his  bond. 
They  wake  up  to  find  that  the  court  will  hold  them 
to  their  signature  and  pay  no  attention  to  verbal 
promises  of  an  agent.  Do  not  sign  any  contract  unless 
there  is  written  into  it  just  what  the  agent  promises, 
and  see  that  it  is  written  into  the  copy  of  the  contract 
which  the  agent  takes. 

* 

In  April  or  May  thousands  of  acres  now  in  some 
“cover  crop”  will  be  plowed  under.  Rye,  vetch,  clover 
and  other  plants  have  occupied  the  land  during  Fall 
and  Winter,  and  will  start  up  in  Spring.  We  put 
them  under  to  supply  organic  matter  and  nitrogen.  In 
doing  this  we  should  guard  against  two  tilings.  When 
a  mass  of  bulky  green  stuff  is  plowed  under  and  not 
packed  down  the  soil  is  left  in.  bad  shape.  This  open 
mass  just  beneath  the  surface  lets  in  the  air,  which 
in  a  dry  time  would  quickly  dry  the  soil  and  injure 
crops  planted  in  it.  Most  of  the  injury  claimed  as 
the  result  of  plowing  under  rye  is  due  to  this  cause. 
Always  pack  such  soil  firmly  after  plowing  with  roller 
or  drag.  Another  trouble  is  caused  by  souring.  When 
green  material  full  of  sap  is  plowed  loosely  into  warm 
soil,  fermentation  starts  and  the  soil  becomes  too 
sour.  A  good  dressing  of  burned  lime  put  on  after 
plowing  and  well  harrowed  in  will  neutralize  the  acid, 
but  the  thing  to  remember  first  is  to  pack  such  soil 
firmly  after  plowing  under  green  crops. 

* 

The  next  scheme  for  helping  the  good  old  farmer 
is  a  brilliant  one.  The  “tailings”  of  the  Lake  Su¬ 
perior  copper  mines  are  to  be  sold  as  a  fertilizer.  The 
rock  containing  copper  is  taken  from  the  mines,  car¬ 
ried  to  the  lake  and  crushed.  The  copper  is  taken  out 
and  the  “tailings,”  or  what  is  left,  dumped  into  the 
lake.  This  stuff  contains  about  one  per  cent  of  potash 
and  .10  of  one  per  cent  of  phosphoric  acid.  Practi¬ 
cally  none  of  this  is  available,  but  if  all  of  it  were  this 
stuff  would  be  worth  about  90  cents  a  ton  as  we  figure 
plant  food  in  fertilizers.  It  seems  like  an  easy  game 
to  charge  $15  to  $20  a  ton  for  this  stuff  on  the  claim 
that  it  is  much  like  the  soil  in  the  deserts — which 
when  irrigated,  gives  good  crops.  Of  course  a  crop 
growing  on  that  irrigated  land  has  1,300  tons  of  soil 
in  a  one-foot  depth  on  an  acre  to  draw  from,  while 
these  promoters  advise  one  ton  per  acre  of  their  stuff. 
At  their  own  analysis  25  pounds  of  muriate  of  potash 
and  10  pounds  of  acid  phosphate  would  give  more  avail¬ 
able  plant  food  than  a  ton  of  these  “tailings.”  A  load 
of  “muck”  out  of  a  swamp,  well  dried  and  mixed  with 
lime,  will  give  four  times  as  much  plant  food.  Yet 
this  stuff  will  no  doubt  be  offered  to  farmers  with 
some  extravagant  story  attached  to  it.  What  would 
these  “industries”  do  if  the  dear  old  farmer  were  not 
here  to  take  their  tailings  and  their  “guff”  as  a  bal¬ 
anced  ration? 


BREVITIES. 

It  is  getting  close  to  the  garden  once  more.  Make  it 
give  half  of  your  living  this  year. 

How  many  farmers  keep  things  in  such  orderly  shape 
that  they  can  find  any  tool  in  the  dark? 

The  Hope  Farm  folks  spent  Lincoln’s  Birthday  making 
root  grafts  and  a  hotbed  for  Prizetaker  onion  seedlings. 

You  will  naturally  see  what  a  purebred  bull  has  be¬ 
hind  him  in  order  to  estimate  what  he  probably  has  in 
front  of  him. 

Briefly  stated  ground  limestone  is  better  for  light 
soils  not  rich  in  humus,  while  burnt  lime  is  better  for 
sour,  heavy  soils. 

Kindly  disposed?  Not  very!  We  allude  to  the  parties 
who  buy  Himalaya  berries  and  undertake  to  raise  them 
on  the  strength  of  that  glowing  advertisement. 

We  regret  to  make  record  of  the  death  of  W.  J. 
Strickland,  an  old  resident  of  Albion,  N.  Y.  Mr.  Strick¬ 
land  had  been  a  subscriber  to  The  R.  N.-Y.  for  50  years 
and  was  one  of  the  “old  guard”  who  remain  staunch 
friends  of  the  paper  through  life  and  hand  their  esteem 
on  to  their  children. 


1911. 


'THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


241 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  youT  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


Genasco 

the  Trinidad-Lake- Asphalt  Roofing 

is  the  lasting  roofing*  for  this  reason : 

Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt  is  nat¬ 
ural  asphalt,  full  of  life  and  vigor 
that  are  put  in  and  kept  there  by 
the  oily  nature  of  this  asphalt. 
Genasco  is  made  of  this  natural 
asphalt,  and  has  all  its  permanent 
weather-resisting  qualities  which 
keep  it  lastingly  waterproof. 

Roofings  that  you  don’t  know  about 
are  risky.  Their  looks  are  apt  to  de¬ 
ceive  you.  Be  on  the  safe  side,  and  get 
Genasco  Roofings — mineral  or  smooth 
surface.  Fully  guaranteed. 

The  Kant-leak  Kleetinsures  the  perfect  appli¬ 
cation  of  roofing — makesseams  water-tight  with¬ 
out  smeary  cement,  and  prevents  leaks  from 
nail-holes.  Ask  your  dealer  for  Genasco  with 
Rant-leak  Kleets  packed  in  the  roll.  Look  for 
the  hemisnhere  trademark.  Write  us  for  sam¬ 
ples  and  tlie  Good  Roof  Guide  Book. 

The  Barber  Asphalt  Paving  Company 

Largest  producers  of  asphalt  and  largest 
manufacturers  of  ready  roofing  in  the  world. 

Philadelphia 

New  York  San  Francisco  Chtcaoo 


Learn  All  About  The  Kewanee  System 


—The  No-Trouble  Water  System 


You  should  learn  how  thousands  of  coun¬ 
try  houses  are  having  all  city  water  supply 
conveniences — and  fine  fire  protection  too. 
Find  out  all  about  this  water  system  which 
enables  you  to  have  an  abundance  of  run¬ 
ning  water,  always  on  tap  and  delivered 
under  strong  pressure  to  your  plumbing 
fixtures  and  hydrants. 

When  you  think  of  the  Kewanee  System, 
remember  it’s  a  no-trouble  water  system. 
No  exasperating,  money  and  time  losing 


trips  to  town  for  repairs.  Your  plant  will  And  Kewanee 

start  right  out  and  give  good  service  the  quality  pays _ 

first  day — and  will  continue  to  do  so  every  pays  in  the  repair 
day.  Each  plant  built  for  the  tenth  year  bills  it  saves  and 
of  service,  as  well  as  the  first  year.  The  the  better  water 
Kewanee  is  a  high  quality  water  system,  service  it  assures, 
through  and  through. 


The  Quality  that  Wears 

vs. 

Trouble  and  Repairs 


No.  250  Kewanee  System, 
includinsr  gasoline  engine. 
Other  planta  include  hand, 
electric,  windmill  and  other 
power  pumping-  outfits. 


Kewanee  Sys¬ 
tems  are  made  in 
many  styles  and 
sizes.  There’s  a 
Kewanee  System 

for  every  prob-  .  _ „  _ 

lem.  We  have  a  plant  which  was  designed 
for  your  requirements.  Let  us  tell  you 
which  one  it  is  and  what  it  will  cost.  Re¬ 
member  we  manufacture  our  own  machin¬ 
ery — the  only  complete  line  of  pumping 
machinery  built  for  air  pressure  service. 
Remember  too,  that  as  the  pioneers  in  this 


The  owner  of  this  home,  J.  W.  Fiero,  of  Cairo, 
iv.  r.,  enjoys  the  comforts  of  city  life.  He  says: 
1  he  Kewanee  System  does  all  you  claim  for  it.” 


You  cannot  afford  to  take  chances  with 
a  cheap,  make-shift  water  system,  which  is 

sold  for  price  only.  In  the  long  run  it  will  w _ ,  .  ... 

be  a  very  costly  outfit;  and  can’t  give  the  th.f  P'°neers  in  this 

best  service  anytime.  “The  quality  that  field;  *’ve  you  pract, cal  expert  advice, 

wears”  and  not  “trouble  and  repairs,”  is  !!f  a pwa"eeS*on'-  Cm-u.the 

what  you  get  in  the  Kewanee  System.  andLkfc  47™ 

Kewanee  Water  Supply  Co.,  Kewanee,  Ill. 

2080  Hudson-Terminal  Bldg.,  50  Church  St.,  New  York— 1212  Marquette  Bldg.,  Chicago. 


Cross-section,  Genasco  Smooth-surface  Roofing 

III Asphalt-saturated  Wool  Felt 
Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 

l^tvL  Ar7a  Progressive  Farmer 

is  the  Ownership  of  a 

DAVENPORT  Roller -Bearing  Steel  Wagon 

You  know  a  fanner  by  the  implements  he  uses.  And  the  surest  sign 
of  progressiveness  is  in  the  Davenport  Roller-Bearing  Steel  Wagon. 
Some  day  every  farmer  will  own  a  Steel  Wagon.  But  the  far-sighted, 
money-making  farmer  of  today  is  using  the  Davenport  now — is  benefiting  from  its  many  advantages 
now.  He’s  setting  the  pace— his  neighbors  will  soon  follow>  but  he’s  getting  the  extra  satisfaction  now. 


You 

Know 

About 

This 


wfsr'" 


US 


3^ 


You  know  how  much  easier  it  is  to  roll  a  log  than  it  is  to  drag  it.  The  ordinary  wagon  is  little  more  than  dragged  in 
compamon  with  the  Davenport.  That  makes  the  wonderful  difference  in  the  draft.  Think  of  your  horses  when  you  buy 
7°™*^  waS°p-  Remember  also  that  Roller-Bearings  mean  more  trips,  easier  trips,  with  fewer  horses. 
m,rLe  PaLcnport  °7ne5  the  value  of  these  features:  The  aU-steel  construction  which  means  lifetime  service.  The 

°+f  6009  Pounds  which  assures  safety  under  heavy  loads.  The  gears  of  solid  steel  rolled  into  its 

round2' fqrtpd  SSflS*11?®  X  bLldP’  whioh  oombmes  lightness  and  strength.  The  wheels  of  steel,  with  strong, 
.  d  spokes  forged  solidlymto  the  hubs  and  hot-riveted  in  the  tires,  which  means  that  there’s  nothing  to  dry  apart, 
shnnk,  rot  or  work  loose.  The  ROLLER-BEARINGS  insure  30%  to  50%  lighter  draft. 

No  tires  to  set;  no  breakdowns;  no  repairs  and  the  automobile  hub  enables 
him  to  oil  without  removing  the  wheels. 

You  should  know  what  these  advantages  really  mean  to  you  now.  Write  us  for  full  infor- 
2? MS  now^or  notf  W°  be  »leased  t0  .  wflSS&l 


FOR 

GUARANTEED  FOR  12  TEARS 

We  Can  Save  You  $50.00 
on  the  Average  Size  Roof 

A  Few  Quotations  From  the  Bargains 
in  Our  Latest  Roofing  Catalog: 
Tarred  Felt  Roofing.  Best  quality. 
108  square  feet.  85-cent  value.  r*A 

Per  roll .  DUC 

Rubber  Asphalt  Roofing.  The  ordinary 
kind.  108  square  feet.  $1-25  *7f\ 
value.  Wt.,  34  lbs.  Per  roll.  I  «/C 
Flint  Coated  Rubber  Roofing.  108 
square  feet.  $1.65  value.  Af 
Weight,  50  lbs.  Per  roll. . .  .  «/DC 
Corrugated  Steel  Roofing.  28-gauge. 
Heavy,  painted  red.  100  d*-|  Of 
square  feet.  $2.50  value. .  q)JL«O0 
Best-of-all  Roofing.  3^-pIy.  108 

square  feet.  $3.50  value.  on 
Weight,  60  lbs.  Per  roll. .  <pl«OU 

Every  Price  in  This  Catalog  is  25  to  50 
Per  Cent  Below  Regular  Retail  Prices. 

If  you  want 
any  kind  of 
roofing,  it  is 
to  your  in¬ 
terests  to 
wr  ite  for  a 
copy  of  this 
free  Roof¬ 
ing  Catalog 
and  our 
complete 
layout  of 
samples  be¬ 
fore  placing 
your  order. 
—  We  quote 

1011  reduced  prices  which  in  many  lines  are 
even  lower  than  our  prices  for  1910.  Simply 
write  and  say :  “Send  me  your  free  Roofing 
Catalog  No.  66R51  and  complete  set  of  sam¬ 
ples”  and  they  will  be  mailed  at  once  free 
and  postpaid. 

SEARS.R0EBUCK.ai{?AGo 


Davenport  Wagon  Company,  Davenport,  Iowa 


Orchards  [Pay  Better  Than  Gold  Mines  When  Fertilized  With 

GENUINE  THOMAS  PHOSPHATE  POWDER! 

The  Massachusetts  State  Board  of  Agriculture  Offered  a  Prize  for  the  Most  Profitable  Acre  of  Massachusetts 

Orchards.  This  Contest  Has  Recently  Closed,  and  the 

FIRST  PRIZE  IS  WON  BY  THE  DREW-MUNSON  FRUIT  CO.,  of  Littleton,  Mass. 

Their  Prize  Winning  Acre  of  Baldwin  Apples 

GAVE  THEM  A  TOTAL  RETURN  OF  $715.70— THE  NET  PROFIT  WAS  $519.55 


THIS  ORCHARD  WAS 


GENUINE  THOMAS  PHOSPHATE  POWDER 


AT  THE  RATE  OF  1000 


FERTILIZED  WITH  llll/lTiritJ  1  lll/vJl  11/11  L,  lUnULll  POUNDS  PER  ACRE 

The  Following  Letter  From  Barnes  Brothers,  the  Famous  Fruit  Growers  and  Orchardists  of  Yalesville,  Conn., 
Shows  That  Thomas  Phosphate  Powder  Brings  a  Prize  to  Every  User  in  the  Form  of  a  Profitable  Crop  • 


The  Coe-Mortimer  Company, 

Gentlemen  : 

In  regard  to  Thomas  Phosphate  Powder,  you  will  re¬ 
call  that  we  bought  of  you  last  year  130  tons  and  we  wish  to 
say  that  it  gave  us  most  excellent  results.  On  our  peach 
orchard  where  we  used  it,  the  trees  made  a  splendid  growth 
with  heavy  dark  green  foliage,  the  fruit  was  of  excellent  color, 


Crop 

and  the  keeping  qualities  were  remarkable,  which  was  a  big 
advantage,  especially  when  we  had  over  150  cars  to  harvest 
in  about  two  weeks  as  we  had  this  year. 

IV e  never  saw  better  colored  Baldwin  Apples  than  those  we 
grew  where  we  applied  a  good  dressing  of  Thomas  Phosphate 
Powder.  The  best  sold  at  retail  for  $9.00  per  barrel. 

\ours  truly,  Barnes  Brothers. 


THERE  IS  A  TRUTH  IN  ALL  THIS  FOR  YOU! 

The  whole  story  is  told  in  The  New  England  Homestead  for  January  7th,  1911.  and  in  the  New  Edition 
or  our  Booklet,  Up-To-Date  i  ruit  Growing,”  which  is  sent  free  if  you  mention  The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  COE-MORTIMER  CO.  IMPORTERS  24-26  Stone  St.,  New  York  City 


We  also  distribute  from  Boston,  Mass.;  Belfast,  Maine;  Baltimore,  Md.:  Philadelphia, 
Pa.;  Norfolk,  \  a.;  t\  ilmington,  N.  C.;  Savannah,  Ga.  and  Charleston,  S.  C. 


242 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


February  25. 


I* 


Wonsan  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

NOX  NOCTI  INDICAT  SCIENTIAM. 
When  I  survey  the  bright 
Celestial  sphere ; 

So  rich  with  jewels  hung  that  night 
Doth  like  an  Ethiop  bride  appear ; 

My  soul  her  wings  doth  spread 
And  heaven-ward  flies, 

The  Almighty’s  mysteries  to  read 
In  the  large  volumes  of  the  skies. 

(For  the  bright  firmament 
Shoots  forth  no  flame 
So  silent,  but  is  eloquent 

In  speaking  the  Creator’s  name. 

No  unregarded  star 
Contracts  its  light 
Into  so  small  a  character 

Removed  far  from  our  human  sight, 

But  if  we  steadfast  look, 

We  shall  discern 
In  it  as  in  some  holy  book 

IIow  man  may  heavenly  knowledge  learn. 

It  tells  the  Conqueror 
That  far-stretch’d  power 
Which  his  proud  dangers  traffic  for, 

Is  but  the  triumph  of  an  hour. 

That  from  the  farthest  North 
Some  nation  may 
Yet  undiscover’d  issue  forth, 

And  o’er  his  new-got  conquest  sway. 

Some  nation  yet  shut  in 
With  hills  of  ice, 

May  be  let  out  to  scourge  his  sin, 

Till  they  shall  equal  him  in  vice. 

And  then  they  likewise  shall 
Their  ruin  have ; 

For  as  yourselves  your  Empires  fall, 

And  every  Kingdom  hath  a  grave. 

Thus  those  celestial  fires, 

Though  seeming  mute 
The  fallacy  of  our  desires 

And  all  the  pride  of  life,  confute. 

For  they  have  watch’d  since  first 
The  world  had  birth : 

And  found  sin  in  itself  accursed, 

And  nothing  permanent  on  earth. 

— W.  Habington  (1605-1645). 

* 

A  dessert  served  at  one  of  the  New 
York  tea  rooms  is  fresh  gingerbread 
with  whipped  cream.  It  is  good  spongy 
gingerbread,  warm  from  the  oven,  cut 
into  the  usual  squares,  with  stiff  whipped 
cream  heaped  upon  it,  and  the  combina¬ 
tion  is  delicious.  It  is  worth  trying  on 
the  family. 

* 

Here  is  a  standard  recipe  for  molasses 
pie,  which  is  a  favorite  in  many  house¬ 
holds :  Nine  tablespoonfuls  of  Porto 

Rico  molasses,  one  tablespoonful  of 
melted  butter,  three  tablespoonfuls  of 
vinegar,  grated  rind  of  one  lemon,  juice 
of  one  lemon,  two  level  tablespoonfuls 
of  flour,  half  a  teaspoon ful  of  cinnamon, 
one  level  teaspoon  ful  of  nutmeg;  mois¬ 
ten  the  flour  with  the  vinegar  and  lemon 
juice,  then  add  the  molasses,  rind,  spices 
and  butter,  and  pour  into  crust-lined 
tin.  Bake  half  an  hour  in  a  moderate 
oven. 

* 

‘‘Sabbath  Rest  Farm”  is  the  title  on 
a  letter  recently  received  from  a  Maine 
reader.  We  like  to  see  that.  It  sug¬ 
gests- a  home  of  happiness  and  peace, 
where  old  ideals  of  life  and  virtue  are 
cherished,  and  the  letter  showed  us, 
too,  that  progressive  farming  flourishes 
side  by  side  with  principles  of  conduct 
that  the  flippant  and  unthinking  are  too 
ready  to  describe  as  old-fashioned.  Stop 
a  moment  to  contrast  two  widely  diver¬ 
gent  types — the  great  capitalists  repre¬ 
senting  an  enormous  industry  who  were 
shown  to  work  thousands  of  employees 
12  hours  a  day,  seven  days  a  week,  and 
the  man  who  proclaims  his  belief  in 
Christendom’s  rest  day  by  calling  his 
home  “Sabbath  Rest  Farm.”  It  would 
not  take  us  long  to  decide  which  type 
of  citizen  we  prefer. 

* 

At  the  recent  Child  Welfare  Exhibit 
in  New  York,  Percival  Chubb,  principal 
of  the  Ethical  Culture  Society’s  high 
school  department,  assailed  the  so- 
called  comic  newspaper  supplements  as 
Sunday  invasions  of  vulgarity.  We  have 
on  several  occasions  stated  our  opin¬ 
ion  of  such  publications,  which  we  have 


always  considered  debasing  to  a  child’s 
intelligence,  even  when  the  morals  are 
not  directly  degraded.  Mr.  Chubb  re¬ 
marks  of  this  class  of  reading  matter 
and  illustrations : 

It  is,  in  almost  cvei'y  example  of  it,  the 
product  of  the  newspaper  vaudeville  artist, 
Wao  has  lost  his  sense  of  humor,  his  ethical 
values,  and  his  taste.  It  glorifies  the  smart 
child,  proficient  in  monkey  tricks ;  the 
cheeky,  disrespectful,  and  irreverent  child, 
wno  “guys”  his  elders  and  betters;  the 
libertine  child  of  silly,  humoring  parents. 
Its  so-called  humor  is  the  humor  of  dis¬ 
tortion,  akin  to  that  provided  for  the  par¬ 
ents  in  those  inane  cartoons  which  serve 
up  daily  and  nightly  in  our  yellow  journals 
the  misshapen,  apelike  creatures  of  diseased 
imagination. 

It  is  strange  that  the  forces  of  religion 
in  the  church  and  the  Sunday  school  have 
not  been  active  to  repress  this  Sunday  in¬ 
vasion  of  vulgarity.  Is  a  child  who  has 
feasted  on  this  coarse  food  in  any  state  of 
mind  to  attend  Sunday  school  or  church? 
Or  is  indulgence  in  the  Sunday  newspaper 
habit,  or,  let  us  say,  the  comic-supplement 
habit,  calculated  to  induce  the  right  kind 
of  reaction  after  the  services  of  the  Sunday 
school  and  the  church?  But  what  can  we 
expect  of  the  child  if  the  parent  is  indif¬ 
ferent,  and  'even  sets  an  example?  If  he, 
as  his  chief  Sunday  relaxation,  gives  him¬ 
self  up  to  the  enjoyment  of  the'average  type 
of  swollen  Sunday  newspaper,  with  its  ugly 
mosaic  of  scandal  and  gossip  and  crime, 
and  its  frequent  indecent  piquancy,  what  is 
to  be  expected  of  the  children? 

* 

Where  one  does  not  care  for  the  all- 
in-one  sleeve  and  bodice  a  similar  ap¬ 
pearance  is  given  by  using  a  shoulder- 
band  trimming  running  down  into  the 
sleeve,  thus  giving  a  continuous  line. 
Many  cotton  gowns  and  blouses  show 
this  trimming,  sometimes  a  banding  of 
contrasting  material,  embroidery  or  lace. 
In  sheer  material  the  shoulder  is  some¬ 
times  formed  of  tiny  tucks,  which  run 
down  on  the  sleeve,  where  they  are  set 
in  with  beading  or  narrow  lace.  Eor 
regular  wear  and  laundering  gored 
skirts  are  much  better  in  wash  materials 
than  the  circular  models,  which  pull  out 
of  shape  in  the  tub  and  in  ironing.  The 
gores  give  a  wide  range  of  choice,  from 
four  to  11  gores,  and  if  desired  a  band  of 
similar  or  contrasting  material  may  be 
used  to  trim  at  the  foot,  either  plain 
or  irregular  in  shape.  The  four-gore 
skirt  with  a  flat  box  pleat  forming  a 
panel  at  the  back  is  very  stylish  and 
becoming  to  a  slim  figure,  but  a  large 
woman  looks  better  in  a  skirt  with  more 
gores.  It  is  noticeable  that  the  one- 
piece  gowns  show  the  high  waist  line 
still.  The  linen  skirts  often  show  a 
panel  effect  of  trimming  down  one  side 
of  the  front  gore,  and  small  sailor  col¬ 
lars,  which  were  very  popular  this  Win¬ 
ter,  are  a  feature  of  linen  coats.  Quite 
often  a  white  linen  suit  has  a  black 
satin  sailor  collar  with  a  line  of  white 
inside  it,  but  of  course  the  collar  must 
be  removable,  for  convenience  in  laun¬ 
dering.  For  a  simple  Summer  gown 
nothing  can  be  easier  to  make  than  a 
one-piece  model  with  kimono  waist, 
such  as  pattern  No.  6914,  and  if  cut 
with  a  Dutch  neck  it  is  especially  com¬ 
fortable  for  cool  days.  While  many 
housekeepers  like  some  form  of  wrap¬ 
per  for  working  or  morning  dress,  we 
think  the  one-piece  dress  quite  as  con¬ 
venient  for  most  wearers,  and  much 
prettier  as  a  rule — perhaps  because  it  is 
more  in  line  with  present  styles. 


Difficulty  with  Chocolate  Candies. 

You  recently  published  a  recipe  for  mak¬ 
ing  fondant.  I  have  had  good  luck  with 
the  fondant,  but  have  trouble  in  dipping 
in  chocolate ;  the  chocolate  seems  to  run. 
Will  you  explain  just  what  kind  to  use 
and  how  to  use?  Do  you  use  sugar  with  it 
or  something  to  thicken  it?  C.  H. 

When  all  is  said,  I  confess  that  for 
me  nothing  equals  the  plain  bitter 
chocolate  melted  and  kept  warm  while 
using.  Most  of  the  finer  chocolates 
nowadays  are  coated  with  the  un¬ 
sweetened  (bitter)  dip.  I  cannot  un¬ 
derstand  why  it  should  run  enough  to 
make  trouble  if  held  for  an  instant  to 
drip.  The  following,  is  .my  method  when 
plain  bitter  chocolate  is  not  desired : 


Melt  an  ounce  of  unsweetened  choco¬ 
late  (in  dish  setting  in,  or  over  hot 
water)  ;  add  to  it  two  tablespoonfuls  of 
milk,  two  tablespoon fuls  of  sugar,  one- 
fourth  teaspoonful  of  butter.  Stir  until 
smooth  and  then  dip  the  candy  in  the 
usual  way.  If  the  “dip”  becomes  too  stiff 
add  a  few  drops  of  sugar  syrup  and  heat 
again.  When  dipping  in  the  clear,  melted 
chocolate  one  may  use  some  of  the  pre¬ 
pared  milk  chocolates,  which  are  much 
less  strongly  flavored  (bitter)  and  an¬ 
swer  the  purpose  very  well,  though  they 
are  not  equal  to  the  recipe  given  above. 
A  friend  who  uses  the  plain  chocolate 
dip  says  she  always  dips  her  candies 
at  least  48  hours  before  they  are  to  be 
eaten,  and  finds  that  much  of  the  bit¬ 
terness  of  the  chocolate  disappears. 

.  EVA  RYMAN-GAILEARD. 


Removing  Stains  From  Clothes. 

I  think  if  Mrs.  D.  A.  P.  will  make  a 
suds  in  the  boiler  with  her  favorite  soap 
or  washing  powder,  and  a  handful  of 
sal  soda,  put  the  clothes  in  and  let  them 
boil  well  for  a  half-hour  or  so  she  will 
find  the  stains  from  the  black  stocking 
come  out  readily  enough.  If  the  water 
gets  very  dark  with  dye  it  may  be  neces¬ 
sary  to  renew  the  suds  to  make  them 
look  clear  and  white,  but  if  the  stocking 
was  one  of  the  ordinary  kind  that  we 
generally  get,  the  stains  will  surely  come 
out.  I  know  this  positively,  for  I  had 
the  same  thing  happen  once  myself. 

MRS.  o.  M. 

In  reply  to  Mrs.  D.  A.  P.’s  request 
for  help  in  removing  stains,  will  say  I 
have  had  similar  experience.  If  she  will 
use  the  following  emulsion  I  am  quite 
sure  her  clothes  will  come  out  all  right : 
Cut  one-half  bar  of  good  soap  into  small 
pieces,  put  in  a  two-quart  basin,  and 
add  one  quart  soft  water;  boil  till  soap 
is  all  dissolved.  Take  from  the  fire, 
and  while  hot  add  one  pint  kerosene, 
beat  together  thoroughly.  Put  the  boiler 
on  the  stove  with  two  large  pails  of  soft 
water,  bringing  to  a  boil.  Into  this  place 
a  few  pieces,  not  too  many,  enough  so 
they  can  be  stirred  easily;  bring  them 
to  a  boil  and  boil  for  half  an  hour, 
stirring  occasionally.  When  stains  are 
removed  take  out  and  rinse  in  warm 
water,  rinse  thoroughly  in  two  or  three 
waters,  and  blue  slightly.  Some  ma¬ 
terials  are  more  obstinate  than  others 
about  releasing  stains ;  for  those  use 
oxalic  acid,  one  tablespoonful  to  one 
quart  water  (boiling  water).  Dip  the 
stained  garment  up  and  down  in  this 
hot  water,  and  rinse  very  thoroughly  in 
several  waters,  one  piece  at  a  time,  as 
it  will  not  do  to  let  the  articles  remain 
long  without  rinsing,  as  this  is  an  acid. 
I  have  never  failed  with  this.  The  kero¬ 
sene  emulsion  is  perfectly  harmless,  in¬ 
juring  no  white  goods,  and  is  the  best 
laundry  help  I  have  ever  used.  The 
second  question  I  shall  not  attempt  to 
answer.  j.  A.  M. 


Time  and  work  are  worth 
all  they  cost  in  making 
dresses  of 

Simpson  Eddystone 

Black-and -White  Prints 


ASK  FOR 


The  designs  of  these  fine 
cotton  dress-goods  are  the 
latest  and  most  artistic.  The 
cloth  is  made  of  that  long- 
wearing  old-fashioned  qual¬ 
ity  that  has  made  these 
calicoes  the  standard  of  the 
United  States  since  1842. 
Colors  are  light-proof,  tub- 
proof  and  perspiration- 
proof. 

Show  this  advertisement  to  your 
dealer  when  you  order,  aad  don’t 
accept  substitutes.  If  notin  your 
dealer’s  stock  write  us  his  name 
and  address.  We’ll  help  him 
supply  you. 

The  Eddystone  Mfg.  Co.,  Philad’a 


Founded  1842  by  WfoSlmpsofl  Si** 


Rider  Agents  Wanted 

In  each  town  to  ride  an  exhibit  sample  2911  bicy. 
cle.  Write  for  special  offer. 

Finest  Guaranteed 

1911  Models  ro 

with  Coaster- Brakes  and  Puncture-Proof  tires. 

1909  &  1910  Models 
all  of  best  makes....  w  ■  V 

; IOO  Second  -  Hand  Wheels 
All  makes  and  models, 

good  as  new .  tO  %pCi 

Great  FACTORY  CLEARING  SALE 
We  Shirt  on  Approval  without  a 

! cent  deposit,  pay  the  freight,  and  allow 

J10  day's  free  trial. 

'TIRES,  coaster  brake  rear  wheels,  lamps. 

f  sundries,  parts  and  repairs  for  all  makes  of  bicycles  at 
rhalf  usual  prices.  DO  NOT  BUY  until  you  get  our 
catalogues  and  offer.  Write  hotv. 

MJEAD  CiTCJLE  CO.  l>ept.  W80  CHICAGO 


Housework  Halved 

by  using  the 

Easy”  Vacuum  Cleaner 

Easiest,  most  efficient,  simplest, 
strongestmade.  Write  for  FREE 
Trial  Order  Form. 

DODGE  &  ZUILL  884G 
Dillaye  Bldg.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
or  Easy  Washer  Oo. 
Bruce  and  Dundas  Streets 
Toronto,  Can. 


SPLENDID  CROPS 

in  Saskatchewan  (Western  Canada) 

800  Bushels  From  20  Acres 

of  wheat  was  the  thresher's  re¬ 
turn  from  aLloydminster  farm 
in  the  season  of  19X0.  Many 
fields  in  that  as  well  as  other 
districts  yielded  from  28  to  85 
bushels  of  wheat  to  the  acre. 
Other  grains  in  proportion. 

Large  Profits 

are  thus  derived  from  the 
FREE  HOMESTEAD 
LANDS  of  Western  Canada. 

This  excellent  showing  causes  price* 
to  advance.  Land  values  should  doable 
in  two  years’  time. 

Gruin  growing,  mixed  farming, 
cattle  raising  and  dairying  are  all 
profitable.  Free  Homesteads  of  1 60 
acres  ure  to  be  had  in  the  very  best 
districts;  160-acre  pre-emptions  at 

E3.00  per  acre  within  certain  areas. 

chools  and  churches  In  every  set¬ 
tlement.  climate  unexcelled,  soil 
the  richest;  wood,  water  and  build¬ 
ing  material  plentiful. 

For  low  aettlor.'  railway  rate,  and  illustra¬ 
ted  paaiphlet,  "Last  Bost  West. '  ’  and  other  in¬ 
formation.  write  to  Sup't  of  lmmig,,  Ottawa, 
Can.,  or  Can.  Qov't  Agt.  (62) 

Supt.  of  Immigration,  Ottawa,  Canada,  or 
Canadian  Government  Agent,  30  Syracuse 
Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


Buy  Paint  That  is  Ready  to  Use 

What  Is  the  use  of  bothering  with  mixing  white  lead  and  turpentine  and 
linseed  oil  when  you  can  buy  a  better  quality  of  paint  already  mixed  and 
ready  to  use  ?  And  the  ready-mixed  paint — if  it  is  Moore’s — is  cheaper 
than  the  hand-mixed.  The  linseed  oil  in  Moore’s  Paints  is  pure.  It  is 
chemically  tested.  When  the  price  of  linseed  oil  is  high,  adulteration 
is  prevalent,  and  the  individual  purchaser  (who  is  not  able  to 
subject  the  raw  material  to  chemical 
test)  is  apt  to  be  “stung.” 

When  buying  paints  ask  for  “Moore’s” 
and  look  for  our  label.  MOORE’S 
Paints  and  Varnishes  for  every  purpose. 

Have  You  Tried  Muresco  ? 

Muresco  is  an  attractive  wall  finish, 
to  be  applied  over  plaster  or  wood. 

Write  for  literature  describing 
Muresco,  and  showing  its  use. 


BENJAMIN  MOORE  &  CO. 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  _  Carteret,  N.  J. 

Cleveland,  O,  Chicago,  Ill.  Toronto,  Can 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


243 


The  Plant  of  Purity. 

In  many  German  and  Swedish  fami¬ 
lies  you  will  find  a  certain  little  green 
shrub  cherished  as  a  household  treasure. 
It  is  called  myrtle  and  certainly  has 
better  claim  to  the  name  than  have 
either  our  Vincas  or  moneywort.  Indeed 
I  am  not  sure  but  it  is  the  true  myrtle 
of  southern  Europe,  but  have  never  seen 
it  in  bloom  or  fruit.  It  has  small  dark 
green  leaves  which  are  pleasantly  aro¬ 
matic  when  bruised.  Of  smaller,  finer 
growth  tharu  the  old-fashioned  box  used 
as  garden  borders,  it  yet  resembles  that 
plant  somewhat.  [This  is  the  classic 
myrtle,  Myrtus  communis  of  southern 
Europe.  The  running  vine,  commonly 
called  myrtle  in  America,  Vinca  minor, 
is  called  periwinkle  in  England.  Eds.] 
By  much  pinching  back  the  housemother 
makes  her  myrtle  grow  green  and  dense, 
round-topped  and  symmetrical.  A  six- 
inch  pot  will  hold  a  plant  several  years 
old,  but  I  suppose  more  root-room  has 
gradually  to  be  given  as  the  myrtle  be¬ 
comes  venerable.  Not  a  little  sentiment 
clings  about  these  plants  so  faithfully 
cherished.  Often  one  is  brought  as  a 
birthday  gift  to  the  baby  daughter,  and 
for  her  is  tended  and  trained  and  ex¬ 
hibited  to  callers  with  pride.  Sprays 
are  plucked  to  carry  to  the  house  of 
mourning  when  any  other  mother  loses  a 
baby,  and  the  bride  wears  a  wreath  of 
its  shining  green  to  fasten  her  veil.  The 
plant  is  considered  a  symbol  of  purity, 
and  no  one  may  wear  it  unworthily. 
Noticing  some  tall,  unhandsome  speci¬ 
mens  at  a  florist’s  I  was  told  that  so 
much  in  demand  for  wedding  wreaths 
was  this  sort  of  green  that  his  patrons 
of  foreign  extraction  kept  the  plants 
shorn  of  fresh  sprays  almost  as  fast  as 
the  old  plants  could  produce  them. 
Though  not  a  particularly  showy  plant, 
this  pretty  myrtle  is  well  worth  a  place 
in  any  plant  collection,  its  ease  of  cul¬ 
ture,  neatness,  hidden  fragrance  and 
heritage  of  sentiment  all  combining  in 
its  favor.  It  will  be  found  to  need 
plenty  of  water,  but  may  be  left  in  the 
same  pot  Summer  and  Winter  with  no 
further  care  than  frequent  nipping  off 
of  the  outer  twigs  to  insure  a  dense  and 
bushy  growth.  prudence  primrose. 


Some  Items  of  Country  Fare. 

In  some  households  the  “pork  fry” 
that  comes  with  butchering  season  is  so 
well  liked  that  the  cook  has  only  to  see 
that  liver,  pork  steaks  and  sweetbreads 
are  nicely  browned  together  with 
“streaks  of  lean  and  fat”  and  the  only 
cry  will  be  that  there  is  not  enough  of 
it.  On  other  tables  pork  liver  is  less 
well  received.  Yet  if  it  is  from  healthy, 
home-grown  porkers  it  should  be  capable 
of  adding  its  touch  of  variety  to  the 
Winter’s  bill  of  fare.  Greater  care  in 
cooking  may  bring  it  into  better  favor, 
for  any  sort  of  liver  fried  hard  and  dry 
becomes  a  food  stuff  from  which  any¬ 
one  is  excusable  for  asking  to  be  de¬ 
livered. 

All  liver  larger  than  that  from  poultry 
should,  of  course,  be  sliced  to  half-inch 
thickness  and  then  have  boiling  water 
turned  over  it.  Cooking  in  the  oven 
dries  it  less  than  frying.  Lay  the  slices 
in  a  tin  or  dripping  pan,  add  some  salt 
pork  cut  thin  and  a  little  hot  water. 
Set  it  in  a  hot  oven  till  partly  cooked, 
keeping  the  pan  upon  the  upper  rack  if 
the  oven  has  one.  In  half  an  hour  or 
less  take  out  and  cut  both  liver  and 
pork  into  small,  cross-wise  shreds,  re¬ 
turn  to  the  pan  and  add  salt  and  pepper 
as  needed.  Replace  in  the  oven  and  see 
that  it  is  well  cooked  but  not  overdone 
before  serving.  It  may  come  to  the 
table  in  a  separate  platter  but  accom¬ 
panying  the  fresh  fry  of  pork. 

Calves’  liver  gives  the  best  material 
for  a  breakfast  of  liver  and  bacon,  but 
pork  liver  is  also  given  flavor  if  some 
thin  slices  of  smoked  bacon  be  first 
fried  in  the  pan  where  it  is  to  be  cooked. 
After  scalding  the  liver  pat  it  between 
the  folds  of  a  towel  to  dry  off  the  mois¬ 


ture,  then  lay  it  in  the  hot  fat  with  the 
bacon.  After  it  is  browned  a  little  on 
both  sides  it  may  be  taken  off  the  fire 
and  it  and  the  bacon  cut  small  as  recom¬ 
mended  in  oven  cooking.  Make  a  nice 
browned  gravy  in  the  pan,  first  turning 
off  part  of  the  bacon  fat,  then  dredging 
in  flour  and  finally  turning  in  a  cupful 
or  more  of  hot  water.  When  it  has 
cooked  clear  season  with  salt  and  a 
touch  of  onion  if  liked,  or  a  sprinkle  of 
celery  salt.  Return  the  liver  and  bacon, 
cover  the  pan  and  draw  to  the  back  of 
the  range  where  it  will  simmer  slowly 
till  needed. 

There  seem  to  be  right  and  wrong 
ways  of  preparing  even  so  simple  a  dish 
as  bacon  and  eggs.  To  be  sure  some 
palates  demand  that  bacon  shall  be 
curled  and  crisp,  and  like  to  have  a 
good  deal  of  it  sliced  very  thin  and 
tossed  and  frizzled  over  a  brisk  fire  till 
crumply  and  ready  to  be  drained  upon 
brown  paper  or  tossed  into  a  paper  bag 
and  kept  hot  in  the  oven  till  served. 
This  is  one  way.  Another  way,  which 
certainly  makes  more  food  of  a  given 


quantity  of  bacon,  is  to  dip  the  slices  in 
a  little  milk  or  cream  and  then  sprinkle 
them  with  flour  before  laying  in  the 
heated  fry  pan.  Not  much  milk  adheres, 
but  enough  to  make  a  difference  about 
the  flour  clinging  to  the  slices.  Use  a 
cake  turner  as  they  cook,  for  the 
browned  surface  ought  not  to  be  left 
sticking  to  the  pan  when .  the  bacon  is 
turned.  When  browned  both  sides  but 
not  too  shriveled  pile  the  bacon  on  a 
hot  plate  and  keep  in  the  warming  oven 
while  cooking  the  eggs. 

Now  an  egg  may  be  eatable  if  turned 
and  fried  upon  both  sides,  but  it  is 
tougher  and  does  not  look  half  as  pretty 
as  when  the  yoke  is  soft  enough  to  run 
when  punctured,  but  coated  with  a  thin 
film  of  the  white  well  cooked.  It  is  a 
good  plan  to  keep  bacon  fat  clear  and 
by  itself  after  each  cooking,  for  more  is 
needed  for  frying  the  eggs  than  will 
come  from  one  panful  of  bacon.  Before 
dropping  in  the  eggs  add  enough  fat  to 
give  nearly  a  half  inch  of  depth,  and  if 
it  is  not  quite  hot  some  say  the  eggs 
spread  less.  But  a  poker  laid  upon  the 


range  will  help  to  tilt  the  pan  a  little 
and  dropping  the  first  eggs  on  the  down¬ 
hill  side  will  keep  the  albumen  more 
compact,  and  others  settling  against 
these  will  hold  their  shape  sufficiently. 
As  soon  as  the  eggs  are  cooked  enough 
to  be  somewhat  “set”  tilt  the  pan  the 
other  way  and  with  a  large  spoon  ladle 
the  boiling  grease  over  their  tops.  Keep 
this  up  till  each  has  its  veil  of  cooked 
albumen,  but  cook  only  long  enough  to 
have  the  whites  just  lose  their  colorless 
state.  If  cooked  too  long  they  become 
tough,  and  even  letting  the  pan  stand 
on  the  back  of  the  range  waiting  to  be 
served  will  rob  the  eggs  of  their  tasti¬ 
ness,  therefore  leave  their  frying  till  the 
last  task  of  the  meal  getting.  Transfer 
with  the  cake  turner  to  the  central  part 
of  a  flat  platter  and  place  the  bacon  as  a 
border  around  the  eggs.  Garnish  with 
parsley  if  you  have  it. 

An  old-fashioned  way  of  serving  ham 
and  eggs  is  to  fry  them  as  usual  and 
then  cut  both  ham  and  eggs  into  small 
pieces,  tossing  them  well  together.  This 
dish  used  to  appear  upon  the  breakfact 
table  and  was  a  favorite  with  the  “men 
folks.”  The  ham  was  first  cut  up  in 
the  platter  in  which  it  was  served,  then 
the  fried  eggs  laid  upon  it  and  lightly 
sliced  and  mixed  through  the  whole. 

FATTIE  LYMAN. 


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244t 


Some  Good  Cakes. 

Old-fashioned  Cinnamon  Cake. — When 
you  bake  your  bread,  take  about  one 
quart  of  sponge  in  a  pan  large  enough 
to  raise  it  in.  Add  one  large  coffee  cup¬ 
ful  of  soft  white  sugar,  three-quarters 
of  a  cupful  of  lukewarm  water,  butter 
about  the  size  of  an  egg,  melted  in  the 
water,  and  two  eggs.  Mix  all  with 
enough  flour  to  make  a  nice  soft  dough. 
Let  it  rise  until  light  (say,  from  three 
to  four  hours),  then  put  it  into  four  pie 
plates.  Let  it  rise  again  until  the  pans 
are  full.  Bake  in  moderate  oven.  About 
thirty  minutes  will  bake  them.  When 
done,  wet  them  with  sugar  water, 
sprinkle  granulated  sugar  and  cinnamon 
on  top  and  put  back  into  oven  for  a  few 
minutes  until  sugar  has  frosted. 

Birthday  Cake. — One-half  cup  of  but¬ 
ter,  one  cup  of  sugar,  one-half  cup  of 
milk,  one  and  one-half  cups  of  flour, 
one  tcaspoonful  of  baking  powder,  the 
whites  pf  four  eggs.  Mix  as  usual, 
flavor  with  one-half  tcaspoonful  of  van¬ 
illa  and  half  the  grated  rind  of  a  lemon. 
One  pound  of  London  layer  raisins,  one- 
half  pound  sultanas,  one-half  pound  of 
dates  (chopped),  one-half  pound  of  figs, 
one-half  pound  of  blanched  almonds, 
one-eighth  pound  of  citron,  shredded ; 
one-fourth  pound  of  candied  orange  and 
lemon  peel  together,  shredded.  Use  an 
additional  cup  of  flour  to  dredge  the 
fruit.  Add  fruit  to  the  dough,  bake  in 
a  paper-lined  cake  pan,  having  tube  in 
the  center.  Bake  in  a  slow  oven. 

Daisy  Cake. — This  is  made  in  two 
colors ;  for  the  white  part  take  two 
cupfuls  of  sugar,  two  cupfuls  sour 
cream,  two  teaspoon fuls  of  soda,  and 
the  whites  of  six  eggs  beaten  to  a 
stiff  froth.  Whip  the  cream  and  sugSr 
together  and  stir  in  the  soda;  then  flour 
enough  to  make  a  good  batter,  and 
lastly  the  beaten  whites.  Flavor  with 
almond.  For  the  yellow  part,  stir  a  cup 
of  sugar  with  a  cup  of  sour  cream;  add 
a  teaspoonful  of  soda,  the  yolks  of  four 
eggs  beaten  very  light  and  a  teaspoon¬ 
ful  of  vanilla  and  flour  enough  to  make 
a  good  cake  batter.  Bake  the  white 
part  in  two  layers  and  the  yellow  in 
one  and  use  orange  icing  for  putting 
together. 

Hermits. — One  egg,  a  cup  of  granu¬ 
lated  sugar  browned  on  the  fire,  one- 
half  cup  of  butter,  the  same  quantity 
of  sour  milk,  a  teaspoonful  of  soda,  a 
cupful  of  chopped  raisins,  a  teaspoonful 
of  cinnamon  and  a  saltspoonful  of  salt, 
flour  to  make  soft  dough ;  mix,  cut  in 
forms  and  bake  in  a  moderate  oven. 

Almond  Hermits. — One  cupful  of  but¬ 
ter,  worked  to  a  cream  with  two  cup¬ 
fuls  of  sugar ;  two  eggs ;  three  even 
cupfuls  of  flour  sifted  twice  with  a 
teaspoonful  of  baking  powder;  half  a 
teaspoonful  of  g-ound  mace;  three 
dozen  almonds,  blanched,  dried  and 
split  in  half.  Having  creamed  the  but¬ 
ter  and  sugar,  work  in  the  beaten  yolks, 
the  spice,  then  the  frothed  whites  and 
the  flour  alternately.  The  dough  must 
be  just  soft  enough  to  roll  out.  Make 
the  rolled  sheet  less  than  half  an  inch 
thick;  cut  round;  wash  lightly  with 
the  white  of  egg;  press  half  an  almond 
into  the  heart  of  each  cake  and  sift 
granulated  sugar  on  top.  Bake  in  a  quick 
overt. 

■  Chocolate  Cream  Cake. — One  cup  of 
sugar  and  one-half  cup  butter  creamed 
together,  one  cup  of  milk,  one-half  tea¬ 
spoonful  vanilla,  three  level  teaspoons 
baking  powder  sifted  in  one  and  three- 
quarter  cups  of  flour,  stiffly  beaten 
whites  of  three  eggs.  Bake  in  two  lay¬ 
ers.  Filling — 1.  Whites  of  three  eggs, 
three  cups  of  confectioner’s  sugar,  sifted, 
and  one  teaspoon  of  vanilla.  Put  the 
eggs  in  a  large  bowl,  sprinkle  with  part 
of  the  sugar.  Beat  with  a  perforated 
wooden  spoon,  adding  more  sugar  as 
needed.  Filling — 2.  Boil  two  cups  of 
granulated  sugar,  one  cup  of  milk,  one 
tablespoon  of  butter  and  three  table¬ 
spoons  of  grated  chocolate  together  un¬ 
til  it  will  form  a  soft  ball  in  water. 
Frost  the  lower  cake  with  the  chocolate, 
pile  half  the  white  filling  on,  then  cover 
top  with  chocolate.  Treat  the  second 
layer  in  the  same  manner.  This  is  de¬ 
licious. 

Walnut  Mocha  Cake. — Stir  together 
one-half  cupful  of  butter,  one  cupful 
of  sugar,  one-half  cupful  of  coffee  in¬ 
fusion,  one  and  three-quarters  cupfuls 
of  sifted  flour,  one  and  a  half  teaspoon¬ 
fuls  (level)  of  baking  powder,  the  stiffly 
beaten  whites  of  three  eggs  and  three- 
quarters  of  a  cupful  of  walnut  meats 
broken  into  pieces.  Bake  in  small  pans 
about  twenty-five  minutes  and  frost 
with  confectioners’  sugar  stirred  to  the 
spreading  consistency  with  thick  cream; 
flavor  with  vanilla. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  pattern  and  measurement  de¬ 
sired. 

The  simple,  yet  attractive,  house  gown 
is  one  that  is  always  in  demand.  Here 
is  a  model  which  is  simplicity  itself,  yet 
it  is  eminently  smart.  The  waist  is  cut 
in  one  with  the  sleeves,  and  the  closing 
is  made  at  the  left  of  the  front.  The 
skirt  is  narrow,  without  exaggeration, 


of  a  belt.  The  sleeves  can  be  gathered 
into  cuffs  or  left  free  as  liked.  For 
the  medium  size  will  be  required  7 
yards  of  material  27,  5%  yards  36  or 
424  yards  44  inches  wide  with  24  yard 
27  inches  wide  for  the  trimming.  The 
pattern  No.  6914  is  cut  in  sizes  for  a  34, 
36,  38,  40  and  42  inches  bust  measure; 
price  10  cents. 

The  smaller  pictures  show  6865, 
blouse  waist  for  misses  and  small 
women,  14,  16  and  18  years.  3  yards  of 
material  21  or  24  inches  wide,  yard 


36,  l-)4  yard  44,  with  24  yard  of  plait¬ 
ing  for  frill,  for  16  year  size.  6899,  fancy 
waist,  34  to  42  bust.  224  yards  of  ma¬ 
terial  27  inches  wide,  124  yard  36  or  44, 
1  yard  of  all-over,  24  yard  of  velvet,  for 
medium  size.  6901,  long  coat,  34  to  44 
bust.  8%  yards  of  material  27  inches 
wide,  5 y2  yards  44  inches  wide,  4  yards 
52  inches  wide,  124  yard  for  facing,  for 
medium  size.  6898,  four-piece  skirt,  22 
to  32.  5 24  yards  of  material  27  inches 

wide,  4  yards  44  inches  wide,  2)4  yards 
52  inches  wide,  when  material  has  figure 
or  nap,  524  yards  27  inches  wide,  224 
yards  44,  or  52  inches  wide  when  ma¬ 
terial  has  neither  figure  nor  nap,  width 
of  skirt  at  lower  edge  2 24  yards,  for 
medium  size.  6866  child's  dress,  2,  4  and 
6  years.  324  yards  of  material  24  or  27 
inches  wide,  3  yards  36,  224  yards  44, 
for  4  year  size.  Price  of  each  pattern 
10  cents. 


6914  House  Dress  with  Four  Gored 
Skirt,  with  Box  Plait  or  Gathered 
Back,  34  to  42  bust. 

and  the  gown  is  attractive  and  becom¬ 
ing.  The  neck  can  be  cut  out  to  form 
a  square,  as  in  this  case,  or  finished 
with  a  rolled-over  collar.  The  skirt  can 
be  made  with  a  box  plait  or  with  gath¬ 
ers  at  the  back.  The  dress  consists  of 
waist  and  skirt.  The  waist  is  cut  in 
one  with  the  sleeves  and  has  only  the 
center  back  and  undcr-arm  seams  to  be 
sewed  up.  The  skirt  is  made  in  four 
gores  and  the  two  are  joined  by  means 


Freshening  Up  Window  Shades. 

Since  everything  in  the  kitchen  must 
have  frequent  and  thorough  cleaning, 
we  think  there  are  no  better  window 
shades  for  that  room  than  homemade 
ones  of  bleached  cotton  cloth.  W?e 
buy  good  fixtures  and  get  cloth  the 
right  width.  But  if  one  have  a  narrow 
window  for  which  even  the  narrowest 
cotton  is  too  wide,  make  even  hems  on 
both  sides,  turning  the  cloth  but  once, 
and  the  roller  will  work  all  right.  In 
any  case  we  do  not  tack  the  curtain 
directly  on  the  roller,  but  have  a  strip 
of  wide  tape  tacked  there  permanently 
and  pin  the  shade,  with  ten  or  a  dozen 
pins  to  this  tape.  It  takes  but  a  moment, 
on  washing  day,  to  unpin  the  shade,  and 
the  tape  remains  tacked  evenly  on  its 
line  and  ready  to  have  the  freshly 
ironad  curtain  repinned  in  place  before 
it  gets  wrinkled  or  folded.  To  speak 
more  exactly,  we  take  down  the  shades 
the  evening  before  washing  day  and 
plunge  them  into  clear  cold  water  to 
rinse  out  the  dust,  which  is  such  a 
killer  of  soapsuds.  The  shades  are 
startched  slightly,  and  go  up  again  look¬ 
ing  fresh  and  tidy  as  new. 

Most  of  us  dislike  the  fuss  of  chang¬ 
ing  an  old  window  shade  top  to  bot¬ 
tom,  yet  once  we  set  about  the  task  the 
labor  proves  light,  the  result  rewarding. 
Place  the  shade  upon  the  table,  remove 
the  stick  and  either  cut  off  or  rip  out 
the  hem.  It  is  best  not  to  shorten  the 
shade  unless  the  stitching  has  so  weak¬ 
ened  the  fabric  that  it  seems  likely  to 
tear.  A  little  extra  length  about  the 
roller  at  top  may  never  be  seen,  yet  it 
prevents  the  shade  being  pulled  from  the 
roller.  Trim  this  end  to  a  straight  line 
perfectly  parallel  with  the  old  hem.  Now 
roll  up  till  the  roller  is  laid  bare.  With 
a  stiff  knife  remove  the  tacks,  saving 
them  to  be  used  again.  Cut  a  half  inch 
from  the  shade  to  get  rid  of  the  tack 
holes,  make  a  new  hem  and  slip  in  the 
stick.  Again  roll  the  shade  till  the  op¬ 
posite  end  is  reached.  You  have  now 
but  to  tack  the  straight  end  there  to  the 
roller,  keeping  it  exactly  along  the  pencil 
line  on  the  wood,  and  using  the  same 
tiny  tacks,  as  larger  ones  are  liable  to 
injure  the  spring  inside  the  roller.  If 
you  have  kept  your  lines  straight  with 
the  old  ones  and  the  shade  hung  well 
before  it  will  hang  just  as  evenly  now. 
By  cutting  a  sixteenth  of  an  inch  strip 
from  each  edge  of  the  shade  a  frayed 
look  is  removed  and  the  curtain  not 
perceptibly  narrowed. 

MISTRESS  ECONOMY. 


February  25. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
‘a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


OF 


-  ,■ 


on  thin,  pale  children  is 
almost  magical. 

It  makes  them  plump, 
rosy,  and  active. 

Scott's  Emulsion 

contains  no  drug,  no  alco¬ 
hol,  nothing  but  the  purest 
and  best  ingredients  to 
make  blood,  bone  and 
solid  flesh. 


Every  “SUN" _ Lieht  is  a  complete  gas  plant, 
lighted  with  a  match,  like  ^  ^  \ 

gas.  burning  little  gaso-  - 

line,  much  air.  bright- 
er  and  cheap*  r  than 
ga«,  electricity,  . 
kerosene. 


Use 

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home,  store, 
church,  hall.  Send 
for  catalog  of  xo3 
styles,  $2.25  up. 
r  Sold  direct — No  nets. 

Sun  Vapor  Light  Co. 
11  IB  Market  St.,  Canton,  0. 


icn  Farms  FOR  SAIiE  CHEAP'  in  fertile 

IvJU  I  ullllo  Delaware  Valley.  Now  catalogue 
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For  Best  EXTENSION  LADDER  at 

JOHN  J.  POTTER. It  Mill  St.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


Figure  on 
Painting 

u  This  Spring 

A  second  short  flax 
crop  keeps  linseed  oil 
up,  but  the  increase  in 
price  in  pure  white  lead 
paint  is  not  so  great  as 
you  may  fear. 

Get  at  your  dealer’s 
the  cost  of  100  pounds 
of  “ Dutch  Boy  Painter  ” 
White  Lead,  4  gals,  pure 
linseed  oil,  1  gal.  tur¬ 
pentine,  1  pint  turpentine  drier — this  makes 
8  gallons  of  old-fashioned  paint. 

Compare  this  cost,  either  by  the  gallon  or  by 
the  job.  with  what  you  used  to  pay  for  paint. 

You’ll  find  the  difference  so  small  that  you 
can’t  afford  to  put  off  painting,  or  to  paint  with 
anything  except  “Dutch  Boy  Painter”  White 
Lead.  Write  for  free  “  Painting  Helps  No.  008 

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Offices  in  the  fallowing  attest 


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1911 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


246 


Those  Puzzling  Shoe  Numbers. 

Could  you  help  me  to  an  intelligent  order¬ 
ing  of  family  shoes  by  mail?  The  present 
way  the  manufacturers  have  of  making 
shoes,  sizes  and  widths,  is  perfectly  unin¬ 
telligible  to  me.  When  I  order  a  2%  D  I 
don't  know  whether  I  am  getting  what  I 
order  or  not.  What  advantages  has  the 
new  way  over  the  old  way?  mrs.  j.  c. 

We  have  always  believed  that  those 
puzzling  numbers  were  invented  for  the 
confusion  of  customers  who  insist  that 
they  take  a  certain  size,  whether  it  fits 
or  not.  We  do  not  know  of  any  other 
reason,  but  we  find  that  when  we  ask 
for  our  accustomed  size  we  are  fitted 
without  trouble,  even  though  the  num¬ 
ber  marked  in  the  shoe  looks  like  the 
license  number  of  an  automobile.  It  is 
quite  safe  to  order  shoes  by  the  old 
numbers,  as  the  new  numbers  are  merely 
synonyms  for  them;  the  shoe  dealer 
knows  what  is  meant,  and  so  long  as 
they  fit,  the  obscurity  of  the  new  num¬ 
bers  does  not  matter.  Of  course  there 
is  sometimes  difficulty  in  fitting  where 
there  is  a  great  change  in  model  of  last, 
and  we  sometimes  find  that  slippers 
and  ties,  especially,  are  more  comfortable 
when  one  size  longer  and  one  width  nar¬ 
rower  than  the  accustomed  size  is  se¬ 
lected.  Indeed,  short  shoes  are  always 
both  uncomfortable  and  disfiguring.  We 
would  keep  on  ordering  by  the  old  num¬ 
bers,  and  let  the  seller  struggle  with 
the  new  ones. 


A  Box  of  Candy 

Coffee  Caramels. — Two  cupfuls  of 
granulated  sugar,  half  a  cupful  of  very 
strong  coffee,  one  cupful  of  cream. 
After  the  sugar  and  coffee  have  boiled 
five  minutes  add  the  cream  and  con¬ 
tinue  boiling  until  the  candy  strings 
when  dropped  from  the  spoon.  Pour 
into  a  buttered  pan  and  when  cool  cut 
into  squares.  This  candy  should  boil 
over  a  moderate  fire,  or  it  will  burn. 
To  make  the  coffee,  put  two  tablespoon¬ 
fuls  of  powdered  coffee  into  the  bag 
of  a  French  coffee  pot  and  pour 
through  it  one  cupful  of  boiling  water. 
When  the  water  has  dripped  through 
pour  it  back  over  the  coffee.  Repeat 
this  process  twice  and  the  result  will  be 
strong  enough  to  give  the  candy  the 
true  coffee  flavor.  Keep  the  coffee  pot 
hot  while  coffee  is  being  made. 

Plain  Vanilla  Candy. — Six  pounds  of 
best  white  sugar,  three  teaspoon fuls  of 
vanilla  extract,  one  teaspoonful  of 
soda,  three  cups  of  clear  water.  Pour 
the  water  over  the  sugar,  and,  when 
nearly  dissolved,  set  it  over  the  fire  and 
bring  to  a  boil.  Stew  steadily  until  it 
hardens  in  cold  water,  stir  in  the 
vanilla,  boil  one  minute,  add  the  dry 
soda,  stirring  in  well,  and  instantly 
turn  out  upon  broad,  shallow  dishes. 
Pull,  as  soon  as  you  can  handle  it,  into 
long  white  ropes,  and  cut  into  lengths 
when  brittle. 

Cream  Peppermints. — Put  a  pound  of 
white  sugar  and  one  and  one-half  tea¬ 
spoonfuls  of  cream  of  tartar  in  a  tea¬ 
cupful  of  cold  water.  Stir  until  dis¬ 
solved,  then  boil  until  a  little  of  it, 
cooled  in  water,  can  be  rolled  into  a 
ball  with  the  fingers.  Remove  from  the 
fire,  allow  it  to  cool  a  little  and  beat 
with  a  spoon  until  it  turns  white.  Add 
three  drops  of  oil  of  peppermint  and  mix 
well.  If  it  hardens  too  quickly  while 
beaten  set  the  bowl  in  a  tin  of  boiling 
water.  Make  it  into  balls  with  the  hands. 

Turkish  Delight. — Break  an  ounce  of 
sheet  gelatine  into  pieces  and  soak  it 
for  two  hours  in  a  half  cupful  of  cold 
water.  Dissolve  two  cupfuls  of  granu¬ 
lated  sugar  in  a  half  cupful  of  cold 
water.  As  soon  as  it  boils,  add  the 
gelatine  and  cook  steadily  for  20  min¬ 
utes.  Flavor  with  the  rind  and  juice 
of  an  orange,  with  orange  flower  water 
or  rose  water.  Turn  into  tins  wet  with 
cold  water,  and  when  it  is  set  cut  it 
into  squares.  Roll  in  a  mixture  of  con¬ 
fectioner’s  sugar  and  cornstarch.  A  few 
chopped  nuts  may  be  added  to  the  syrup 
when  it  is  taken  from  the  fire. 

Glaces. — To  “glace”  nuts  and  certain 
kinds  of  fruit,  nothing  is  needed  but 
sugar  and  water  and  a  little  patience. 
Boil  a  pound  of  sugar  with  a  gill  of 
water  until  it  threads.  Drop  nuts,  figs 
or  grapes  into  the  syrup,  one  at  a  time, 
dipping  them  out  with  a  buttered  fork 
and  dropping  them  on  a  buttered  tin  to 
dry.  Care  must  be  taken  not  to  shake 
the  syrup  more  than  necessary,  and  it 
is  necessary  to  work  rapidly,  as  the 
syrup  should  be  removed  from  the  fire 
before  the  nuts  or  fruits  are  dipped,  and 
it  soon  hardens.  A  teaspoonful  of  vine¬ 
gar  added  to  it  makes  a  crisper  glaze. 
A  second  dipping  after  the  first  coat 
hardens  greatly  improves  the  appearance 
of  the  candy.  It  should  be  eaten  fresh, 
as  it  soon  becomes  sticky  with  changes 
in  the  atmosphere. 


Peanut  Brittle.-~One  pound  of  granu¬ 
lated  sugar,  melted  in  a  skillet  but  not 
scorched.  When  melted  add  a  lump  of 
butter  size  of  a  walnut  and  one  quart 
of  finely  chopped  peanuts.  Stir  well  and 
pour  a  little  on  a  buttered  board;  roll 
thin  with  a  buttered  rolling  pin  as  it 
hardens  quickly ;  continue  until  all  is 
formed  into  sheets. 

Peanut  Creams. — Break  into  a  bowl 
the  white  of  one  egg,  add  one  table¬ 
spoonful  of  orange  juice  and  into  this 
gradually  stir  sufficient  sugar  to  make  a 
thick  paste.  Mix  with  it  one  teacupful 
of  finely  chopped  peanuts.  Form  into 
balls,  roll  in  pulverized  sugar  and  lay 
on  buttered  dishes  to  dry.  When  dry 
each  can  be  dipped  into  melted  chocolate 
if  preferred. 

Maple  Caramels. — Two  cupfuls  of 
brown  sugar,  one  and  one-half  cups  of 
maple  syrup,  one-ihalf  cup  of  cream 
and  one  tablespoonful  of  butter.  Test 
the  cooking  as  for  chocolate  caramels. 
Pour  on  buttered  shallow  pans.  Cut 
in  squares  when  cool.  Nuts  can  be 
sprinkled  on  the  greased  pan  before 
pouring,  or  stirred  into  the  caramel  just 
before  moving  from  the  fire. 

Chocolate  Fudge. — One-pound  cake  of 
chocolate,  two  pounds  of  granulated 
sugar,  one  cup  of  cream  or  rich  milk, 
one  teaspoonful  of  vanilla,  a  large-sized 
piece  of  butter,  about  an  eighth  of  a 
pound,  a  good-sized  pinch  of  salt.  Dis¬ 
solve  the  chocolate  over  the  tea  kettle, 
then  mix  with  it  the  sugar  and  cream 
and  return  to  the  stove.  After  it  comes 
to  a  boil,  stir  in  the  butter  and  salt. 
Boil  until  the  mixture  forms  a  very  soft 
ball  when  dropped  in  ice  water.  It 
should  have  just  consistency  enough  not 
to  go  to  pieces  when  picked  up.  Beat 
vigorously,  stirring  in  the  vanilla  when 
the  candy  has  cooled  slightly.  Pour 
into  buttered  pans,  and  when  almost 
set  mark  in  squares  with  a  knife.  This 
is  also  an  excellent  icing  for  chocolate 
cake. 


Boiled  Indian  Pudding. 

Wanted,  to  know  how  the  old-fashioned 
boiled  Indian  pudding  was  made.  I  remem¬ 
ber  holding  open  the  bag  while  mother 
turned  the  mixture  in,  and  then  the  bag 
was  tied  up  tight  and  put  in  a  kettle  of 
water  to  boil.  w.  j.  r. 

The  following  recipe  for  old-fashioned 
Indian  pudding  is  given  in  “The  Rural 
Cook  Book” :  One  quart  of  milk,  one 
quart  of  Indian  meal,  three  eggs,  three 
heaping  tablespoonfuls  of  sugar,  one  tea¬ 
spoonful  of  salt  and  one-half  pound  of 
beef  suet  chopped  into  powder.  Scald 
the  milk  and  while  boiling  hot  stir  in 
the  meal  and  suet  with  the  salt.  When 
cold,  add  the  yolks,  beaten  light  with  the 
sugar,  then  the  whites.  Dip  your  bag 
in  hot  water,  flour  it  and  fill  half  full 
with  the  mixture,  as  it  will  swell  very 
much.  Boil  five  hours.  Eat  very  hot, 
with  butter  and  sugar.  This  pudding  is 
even  better  when  baked  in  a  well-but¬ 
tered  dish  for  an  hour  and  a  half.  Bake, 
covered,  for  an  hour  and  a  quarter,  then 
brown. 

Another  recipe  is  as  follows:  One 
cupful  of  milk,  one  cupful  of  cornmeal, 
one  egg,  one  tablespoonful  of  sugar,  one 
tablespoonful  of  beef  suet  minced  fine 
and  strings  removed,  one-half  teaspoon¬ 
ful  each  of  salt  and  ground  cinnamon, 
one-third  saltspoonful  of  soda  in  the 
milk.  (Sour  milk  may  be  used,  in  which 
case  take  one-half  teaspoonful  of  soda.) 
Heat  the  milk  with  the  soda ;  when 
boiling  stir  in  the  meal,  salt  and  suet 
and  set  aside  to  cool.  When  cold  beat 
in  the  spice,  sugar  and  whipped  eggs 
and  stir  vigorously.  Boil  in  a  well- 
greased  brown  bread  mold  for  three 
hours.  Leave  plenty  of  room  for  the 
pudding  to  swell.  Serve  with  hard  sauce 
or  caramel,  maple  sugar  or  molasses. 
The  recipe  may  be  doubled  and  divided 
in  two  molds  for  steaming — one  to  be 
set  aside  in  a  cool  place  and  used  in  a 
week.  A  cupful  of  chopped,  floured 
raisins,  dates,  or  cooked  dried  apricots 
may  be  added.  For  molasses  sauce,  use 
one  cupful  of  molasses,  one  and  a  half 
tablespoonful  of  butter,  two  tablespoon¬ 
fuls  of  lemon  juice,  a  dash  each  of  nut¬ 
meg  and  cinnamon.  Boil  molasses, 
spices  and  butter  five  minutes,  remove 
from  fire  and  add  lemon  juice.  Serve 
very  hot.  _ 

The  Bookshelf. 

The  Teaching  of  Agriculture  in 
the  High  School,  by  G.  A.  Bricker. 
This  is  a  discussion  of  agricultural 
teaching  in  secondary  schools,  mode  of 
presentation,  sequence  of  operations,  or¬ 
ganization  of  the  laboratory  and  field 
work,  etc.  It  will  be  found  helpful  to 
teachers  and  others  interested  in  this 
work,  and  includes  a  copious  list  of 
book?  relating  to  this  line  of  study. 
Published  by  the  Macmillan  Company, 
New  York;  202  pages,  29  illustrations; 
price  $1  net,  postage  additional. 


More  About  Zinc 

There  may  be  something  in  the  zinc 
cure  for  soot;  there  often  is  a  bit  of 
fact  at  the  bottom  of  popular  beliefs, 
but  I  have  no  idea  what  the  real  ac¬ 
tion,  if  any,  depends  upon.  It  is  pos¬ 
sible  that  the  zinc  oxide  alternately  re 
duces  in  the  presence  of  hot  carbon, 
which  of  course  it  easily  does,  and 
then  again  oxidizes,  thus  acting  as  an 
oxygen  carrier  and  slowly  burning  away 
the  soot.  There  are  many  reactions 
of  that  sort.  But  never  advise  your 
readers  to  treat  any  appreciable  quantity 
of  zinc  with  acid  in  any  enclosed  space 
where  the  least  spark  or  flame  could 
get  to  the  resulting  mixture  of  hydogen 
and  air.  Should  that  happen  the  ex¬ 
perimenter  would  likely  “be  wafted  away 
from  this  black  Alcadema  of  sorrow” 
in  the  resulting  puff.  f.  d.  c. 

Zinc  is  used  for  cleaning  flues  by 
laying  the  metal,  preferably  in  sheets 
as  may  be  had  by  taking  the  outsides 
of  worn-out  dry  batteries,  on  a  bright 
coal  fire.  The  metal  burns  with  a  pale 
flame  and  the  abundant  white  fumes 
pass  up  the  chimney.  This  is  popularly 
believed  to  remove  the  soot,  perhaps  it 
merely  appears  to  by  giving  it  a  coat 
of  zinc  whitewash.  It  is  at  any  rate 
harmless.  f.  c. 

In  regard  to  use  of  zinc  as  a  flue 
cleaner,  the  theory  is  this :  Zinc  when 
thrown  into  a  fairly  hot  fire  is  partly 
or  wholly  volatilized  (depending  on 
amount  used)  forming  a  light,  gray  or 
white  oxide,  which  passes  up  the  flue 
and  unites  mechanically  with  deposited 
products  of  combustion,  forming  a  fire¬ 
proof  (in  sense  of  being  slow-burning 
and  flameless)  mass.  While  I  do  not  con¬ 
sider  it  of  much  value  it  costs  nothing 
to  try,  and  is  highly  recommended  by 
many.  Just  throw  a  few  pieces  of 
scrap  zinc  in  the  fire,  say  once  a  week. 

w.  b.  c. 


No  man  can  safely  go  abroad  that 
does  not  love  to  stay  at  home ;  -no  man 
can  safely  speak  that  does  not  willingly 
hold  his  tongue ;  no  man  can  safely  gov¬ 
ern  that  would  not  cheerfully  become 
subject;  no  man  can  safely  command  that 
has  not  truly  learned  to  obey;  and  no 
man  can  safely  rejoice  that  has  not  the 
testimony  of  a  good  conscience. — Thomas 
a  Kempis. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Tub 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


My  ‘  ‘Pearl  Glass’  * 
lamp  chimneys  give 
more  light  than 
common  ones,  due 
to  perfection  of 
shape  and  propor¬ 
tions — right  balance 
of  drafts. 

They  are  clear  as 
crystal— m  a  d  e  of 
tough  glass,  not 
bottle  glass.  They  make  the 
lamp  do  its  best. 

Common  chimneys  hinder  the 
light — the  draft  is  a  matter  of 
chance.  The  lamp  can't  do  its 
best. 

My  name,  Macbeth,  is  on  every  “Pearl 
Glass”  lamp  chimney.  Send  for  my  Index. 

Macbeth 

Macbeth-Evans  Glass  Co.  Pittsburgh 


TAPESTRY  RUC, 

WOOL,  9  x  12  ft., 

Art  Squares— 9  x  12 
ft.,  *3.25  up.  Fine 
Smyrna  Rugs— 9  x, 

12  ft.,  *6.98.  Mat¬ 
ting —  from  13c  a  yard 
up.  Oil  Cloth  —  24c  a 
yard  up.  Linoleum— 41c 
a  sq.  yard  and  up.  Brus¬ 
sels  Carpets— 40c  a  yard 
up. 

Raxboroilh  Rugs 


$7.48 

Just  think!  Floor 
coverings  as  fine 
as  can  be  made — 
beautiful,  long  last- 
_.  guaranteed ,  with 
bright,  fadeless  colors— 
at  regular  manufactur¬ 
er’s  prices,  one-third  fo 
one-naif  less  than  retail! 
We  buy  in  big  lots.  You 
know  that  saves  money. 


Just  as  big  bargains  in 
Body  Brussels,  Axmin- 
aters,  Velvets,  Ingrains, 
Wiltons,  Rag  Carpets, 
Carpet  Linings,  Cocoa 
Mats  and  Lace  Curtains. 
Talk  about  handsome 
patterns!  We  have 
them  for  parlor, 
bedroom,  dining 
room  and  kitchen. 


Get  a  postal  right  now, 
and  write  for  our  hand¬ 
some  illustrated  cata¬ 
logue.  It  tells  all  about 
each  article  and  gives 
you' the  exact  low  price. 
Don’t  put  off  writing! 
You  won't  have  to  buy 
unless  you  want  to,  but 
by  all  means  send  for 
the  catalogue,  and  sea 


the  low  prices. 

ROXBOROUGH  RUG  CO.,  Dept.  377  ,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


Nature  would  cover  them  with 
shells,  like  nuts,  protecting  from 
moisture,  mildew,  dirt  and  insects.  ^ 

Just  so  are  Uneeda  Biscuit  protected  by  the 


moisture-proof,  dust-proof  package.  It  keeps 
them  oven-fresh  and  crisp,  retaining  all  their 
flavor  and  goodness  till  used.  n 

Think  it  over  and  you  will  always 
buy  the  protected  kind 


Uneeda 

Biscuit 


Never  Sold 
in  Bulk 


In  the  moisuire-praof 
package 


NATIONAL  BISCUIT  COMPANY 


S-a6 


"\PHEJ  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


February  25. 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 


“LET  THE  COWS  PROVE  IT.” 

THe  editorial  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  of 
January  28,  under  the  title,  “Let  the 
Cows  Prove  It,”  has  attracted  wide  at¬ 
tention,  and  was  certainly  a  very  mod¬ 
erate  and  conservative  statement,  and 
makes  it  plain  that  there  is  something 
still  due  the  club  from  Mr.  Taylor.  The 
details  of  this  controversy  would  per¬ 
haps  occupy  more  space  than  you  could 
devote  to  this  subject  at  this  time,  but 
in  support  of  the  demand  that  the  cows 
“come  back,”  it  will,  perhaps,  be  in¬ 
teresting  to  consider  one  of  the  many 
circumstances  brought  out  in  this  in¬ 
vestigation. 

It  will  be  recalled  that  the  abnormal 
percentage  of  butter  fat  in  the  milk  of 
“Missy  of  the  Glen”  was  the  basis  of 
her  high  record.  The  production  of 
milk,  although  large,  was  not  phe¬ 
nomenal,  while  the  percentages  of  but¬ 
ter  fat  were  so  high  as  to  be  altogether 
without  precedent  in  any  cow  of  any 
breed  producing  a  similar  flow  of  milk. 
The  secretary  of  the  club  caused  a  com¬ 
posite  sample  of  the  milk  from  which 
the  November  test  was  made,  to  be  ana¬ 
lyzed.  This  analysis  was  as  follows : 

Total  solids  . 

Wof  . . .  o.Jo  yo 

Solids  not  fat  .  **.83  % 

Ash  .  0.686% 

Proteids  (Nx6%)  . 3.44  % 

It  showed  the  milk  to  be  abnormal, 
and  Mr.  Caldwell  accordingly  submitted 
a  statement  of  the  production  of  the 

cow  for  the  year,  together  with  the  feed 
given,  and  the  result  of  this  analysis, 
to  the  foremost  dairy  experts  of  the 

country.  From  the  replies  received  it  is 
sufficient,  perhaps,  to  quote  from  three 
or  four  of  the  highest  recognized  au¬ 
thorities  on  dairy  matters  in  this  coun¬ 
try.  Prof.  F.  W.  Woll  stated  as  fol¬ 
lows: 


I  have  your  letter  of  the  27th  (April, 
1910),  relative  to  the  tests  made  of  the 
Guernsey  cow  credited  with  the  production 
of  054.76  pounds  of  butter  fat,  and  an 
average  test  of  6.54  per  cent,  for  the  year. 
The  record  of  this  cow  and  the  analysis  of 
the  sample  reported  was  so  out  of  the  ordi¬ 
nary  that  it  is  difficult  to  see  how  they  can 
be  explained  satisfactorily.  I  don’t  believe 
that  a  sample  of  milk  from  a  cow  yielding 
over  80  pounds  a  day  can  possibly  test  9 
per  cent,  fat,  and  only  8.83  per  cent,  solids 
not  fat  and  .69  per  cent  ash.  This  analysis 
shows  that  the  milk  was  of  an  entirely 
abnormal  composition,  both  on  account  of 
the  high  fat  content  accompanied  by  the 
large  milk  yield,  and  the  low  percentage  of 
solids  not  fat,  ash  and  protein  in  the  milk. 
*  *  *  *  But  from  the  composition 

given,  it  seems  certain  to  me  that  the  milk 
must  have  been  adulterated  with  cream, 
provided,  of  course,  that  the  analysis  was 
made  correctly,  which  I  take  it  was  the 
case,  since  it  was  made  by  an  official  of 
an  experiment  station. 

Prof.  C.  H.  Eckles  said,  under  date  of 
May  3,  1910: 

I  am  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  April 
28,  asking  for  my  opinion  in  regard  to  the 
record  made  by  one  of  your  advanced  regis¬ 
ter  cows.  The  analyses  of  the  milk  cer¬ 
tainly  appear  to  be  very  abnormal,  espe¬ 
cially  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the  cow 
at  the  time  this  sample  was  taken  was  pro¬ 
ducing  as  much  milk  as  in  the  beginning. 
M.y  observation  has  been  that  when  a  cow 
holds  up  in  her  milk,  she  does  not  increase 
in  the  per-cent,  of  fat  even  at  the  last  end 
of  the  milking  period.  The  high  per  cent, 
of  fat  only  comes  when  she  declines  rapidly. 

During'  the  past  three  years  we  have 
made  complete  chemical  analyses  of  about 
1,100  samples  of  milk,  in  co-operation  with 
the  Dairy  Division,  United  States  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C., 
with  cows  of  various  breeds  and  under 
various  conditions.  Among  these  samples 
the  per  cent,  of  fat  has  at  no  time  equaled 
the  solids  not  fat,  as  was  the  case  in  the 
sample  of  milK  you  reported.  Even  in  the 
most  abnormal  milk  we  have  analyzed  the 
solids  not  fat  exceeded  the  fat  2.13  per 
cent.  1  am  furthermore  struck  by  the.  ap¬ 
parently  low .  per  cent,  of  protein  as  given 
in  the  chemical  analysis.  Our  experiments 
indicate  that  when  the  per  cent,  of  fat  goes 
up,  due  to  the  advance  in  the  period  of 
lactation,  that  the  protein  goes  up  in  about 
the  same  proportion.  In  fact,  on  the 
average,  it  goes  up  a  little  more  than  the 
fat  in  relation  to  the  normal.  In  this 
analysis  reported,  however,  the  per  cent, 
of  protein  is  even  lower  than  we  have 
found  in  the  last  end  of  the  milking  period 
of  many  cows.  *  *  * 

My  candid  opinion  in  regard  to  this 
test  is  that  if  accepted,  there  will  always 
remain  serious  question  as  to  its  accuracy 
in  the  minds  of  those  who  are  competent 
to  judge,  unless  it  can  be  shown  beyond 
any  reasonable  doubt  that  the  samples  were 
taken  under  conditions  which  make  it  abso¬ 
lutely  impossible  for  any  error  to  have 
been  made. 


milk,  which  you  submitted,  are  outside  of 
any  analysis  which  I  have  seen,  especially 
where  the  yield  of  milk  has  been  as  high 
as  in  this  case.  The  analysis  submitted 
is  somewhat  abnormal,  in  that  the  protein 
content  is  not  as  high  as  would  be  ex¬ 
pected  from  the  high  per  cent,  of  fat.  The 
same  is  true  regarding  the  ash  content. 
Usually  where  such  high  per  cents,  of  fat 
are  found,  both  the  protein  and  ash  are 
higher  than  is  given  in  this  analysis.  The 
differences  are  exactly  such  as  would  be 
found  if  cream  had  been  added  to  the 
milk,  and  unless  the  supervision  of  this 
test  was  beyond  question,  I  should  suspect 
that  cream  had  been  added  in  this  case. 

There  are  certainly  no  men  more  com¬ 
petent  to  judge  what  this  analysis  in¬ 
dicated  than  those  whose  opinions  have 
been  quoted  above.  It  will  be  seen  that 
all  agree  that  unless  the  most  thorough 
supervision  and  verification  has  been 
provided,  the  tests  should  be  thrown  out 
as  unreasonable.  The  facts  are  that  no 
verification  was  ever  made.  When  at¬ 
tempted  by  outside  inspectors  the  per¬ 
centage  of  fat  was  found  to  be  entirely 
normal  in  every  case,  running  about  five 
per  cent. 

It  therefore  appears  that  the  large  re¬ 
ported  production  of  “Missy  of  the 
Glen”  rests  wholly  on  an  abnormal  per¬ 
centage  of  fat  which  the  best  dairy  ex¬ 
perts  say  should  not  be  accepted  without 
the  fullest  verification.  Such  attempts 
at  verification  as  have  already  been 
made  have  failed  completely  to  confirm 
the  high  percentages  claimed.  Mr.  Tay¬ 
lor  can  certainly  not  expect  any  intelli¬ 
gent  breeder  to  accept  his  records  un¬ 
less  he  adopts  at  once  the  only  possible 
method  of  making  good  his  claims.  Let 
him  show  to  competent  and  disinterested 
inspectors  some  of  these  seven  to  nine 
per  cent  tests  of  cows  giving  over  30 
pounds  per  day!  All  the  injunctions  in 
the  world  to  head  off  free  discussion 
of  this  record  will  do  nothing  toward 
convincing  breeders  of  its  value.  Such 
features  of  this  test  as  this  extraordin¬ 
ary  analysis  cannot  be  explained  away. 
Nothing  but  a  public  demonstration  of 
the  ability  of  these  cows  to  “come  back” 
will  free  Glen  Farm  records  from  taint. 

Massachusetts.  fred.  b.  rice. 


Wanted  at  Once— A  Man 

To  Make  $100  Per  Month  Above  Expenses 
1500  MEN  THROUGHOUT  THE  U.  S 
ARE  MAKING  BIG  MONEY 

with  our  large  lino  of  over  80  different  household  neces¬ 
sities  consisting  of  homo  remedies,  extracts,  spices,  soaps, 
perfumes,  toilet  articles,  stock  and  poultry  preparations, 
polishes,  etc.  all  guaranteed  under  the  National  Food 
and  Drugs  Act  and  conforming  to  the  Pure  Food  require¬ 
ments  of  every  state.  Sold  chiefly  to  country  people. 
We  import,  manufacture  and  sell  in  enormous  quantities 
Capital  and  surplus  over  one  million  dollars.  Factory 
floor  space  nearly  5  acres. 

Wo  want  one  man  i  n  each  unoccupied  locality  to  take 
full  charge  of  everything  pertaining  to  our  business  in 
his  district.  Must  bo  of  good  health  and  habits,  honest 
and  industrious,  not  under  21  nor  over  50  years  of  age, 
able  to  furnish  outfit  similar  to  that  illustrated  above, 
also  several  responsible  men  to  vouch  for  his  integrity. 
Such  under  our  instructions  can  mako  not  less  than 

$100  Per  Month  Clear  Profit 

above  expenses  first  year,  $1800  second  year  and  $2400 
third  year.  Colored  people  or  women  not  considered. 

Previous  experience  or  more  than  ordinary  education 
not  needed  as  with  our  thorough  free  course  of  instruc¬ 
tion  in  salesmanship  the  work  is  easily  learned  and  a 
big,  pleasant,  healthful,  honorable  and  permanent  busi¬ 
ness  quickly  established. 

If  you  can’t  meet  requirements  don’t  write:  if  you 
think  you  can  you  are  the  man  wo  aro  looking  for  and  a 
postal  will  bring  you  full  particulars  by  return  mail. 

Lots  of  new  men  starting  and  territory  filling  rapidly, 
so  if  interested  write  at  once  else  territory  vacant  in  your 
locality  will  bo  taken. 

W.  T.  RAWLEIGH  CO.  39-40  Lib.  St.  Freeport,  III. 


DAIRY  CATTLE  | 

Millr  Prndurprc  for  New  York  City  market 
iullH  riUUUOCIS  desiring  information  iiow  to 
form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 


JERSEYS 


— Combination  and  Golden  Lad;  for 
sale.  2  cows,  7  heifers,  3  bulls. 

S.  E.  NIVIN,  Landenburg,  Pa. 


i1/ nyo°w  dtVa°t  Fern’s  Jubilee  No.  73852 

A.  J.  C.  C.,  is  one  of  the  best,  “butter  bred”  bulls 
in  the  world,  investigate.  Then  order  one  of  his 
young  sons  before  it  is  too  late.  Nothing  over  three 
months  old  on  hand  at  present.  Address 

J.  GRANT  MORSE.  Laurel  Farm,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 


Breed  Up-Not  UownTo?«Ti.S™ 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  Ii.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


SHEEP 


Woodland  Dorsets 

Woodland  Dorsets  have  been  sold  into  practically 
every  State  in  the  Union,  and  are  giving  satisfac¬ 
tion.  I  can  spare  fifty  head  of  splendid  ewes,  all 
of  them  bred  to  a  verv  fine  ram. 

CHAS.  6.  WING.  Mechanicsburg,  Ohio. 


SHROPSHIRES 


breediu: 


ewes  ;  40 
yearling  rams.  Price  and 
:  right.  FRED  VAN  VLEET,  LODI,  N.Y. 


Prof.  S.  M.  Babcock  wrote  as  fol¬ 
lows:  As  his  letter  is  short,  we  give 
it  complete : 

Your  letter  of  April  27,  asking  my  opin¬ 
ion  on  the  high  tests  found  with  a  Guern¬ 
sey  cow  is  duly  received.  The  analyses  of 


D  O  Gr  S 


Pfll  I  IE  Dll  DO— From  imported  stock.  Females 

uULLlL  rUlOcheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City.  Pa. 


SCOTCH  COLLIES,  Spayed  Females,  two  to 
eight  mos.  Circ.  SILAS  DECKER,  Montrose  Pa. 


|  Horses  and  Mules 

THE  PERCHERON  SOCIETY  OF  AMERICA 

Has  just  increased  its  capital  stock  to 
$100,000.  10,000  shares  of  $10  each.  3,000 

shareholders,  Nov.  28,  1910.  100  breeders 

have  taken  membership  since  Dec.  1st. 
Ninety-five  per  cent  of  the  Pereheron 
breeders  of  America  record  with  the 
Pereheron  Society.  ***** 

Information  pertaining  Percherons  furnished.  Address 

WAYNE  DINSMORE,  Secretary, 
Union  Stock  Yards,  Chicago,  Ill. 


Cfl  Pereheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 

OU  at  farmers'  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefteld,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penna.  R.R.  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O. 


Highland  View  Stock  Farm. 

Thirty-five  purebred  registered  Pereheron  Stallions 
and  Mares  for  sale.  Stallions  from  $300  up,  mares 
from  $400  up.  Address  all  correspondence  to 

O.  N.  WILSON,  Kittanning,  Pa. 


KENTUCKY  MAMMOTH  JACKS,  JEN¬ 
NETS  and  SADDLE  HORSES. 

We  are  the  Largest  Breeders  in  America  of  Mam¬ 
moth  Jacks.  Hampshire  and  Tamworth  hogs.  Stock 
of  all  ages  for  sale.  J.  F.  COOK  &  CO.,  Lexington,  Ky. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


LEARN  ABOUT  THE  GUERNSEY  COW 


Highest  Class  of  Dairy  Products 

EXCELLING  IN 

Natural  Color  and  Good  Flavor 


Get  the  Guernsey  Breeders'  Journal 

ONE  YEAR  FOR  $1.00 
(With  Rural  New  Vorker,  only  $1.50) 


:  S*  "W  I  3ST  DEI 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  ,  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


General  information  about  this  Breed,  so  rapidly  advanc¬ 
ing  in  popular  favor,  by  Addressing 

The  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club 

Box  R.  PETERBORO,  N.  H. 

To  Avoid  Inbreeding,  We  Will  Sell  Our 
HERD  BULL 

AMERICA  DE  KOL  BURKE. 

A  great  son  of  the  great  De  Kol  Burke.  It  will 
pay  you  to  come  and  see  him.  Write  for  pedigree. 
Also,  four  months  Bull  Calf  for  sale 

CLOVE  It  DALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

C.  S.  Xiunt,  Owner  J.  J.  Eden,  Manager 


SPRINGBANK  BERKS  HIRES. 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  toser- 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON.  Proprietor,  Marhiedale,  Conn. 


W ANTFn~Five  Hundred  PIGS  eight  to  twelve 
If  nil  I  LU  weeks  old,  that  will  stand  shipping. 
Address  DRAWER  62,  New  Haven,  Conn. 


A  BERKSHIRE  OR  DUROC  PIG  given  for  a 
few  hours  of  your  time.  Stamp  for  particulars. 
PENNA.  BERKSHIRE  CO.,  Fannettsburg,  Pa, 


THE  RIG,  DEEP  FELLOWS 

that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 


DUR0CS 

Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  ail  times. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 


CHEL00N  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
0  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNES,  Oxford,  N.  Y. 


LARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD— Special  Offering 
of  Service  Boars.  Good  useful  Boars,  $30  to  $40. 
Fancy  Boars  for  the  breeder  and  exhibitor,  $00  and 
up.  They  should  develop  into  800-pound  hours  at 
maturity.  H.  C.  &  H.  B.  HARPENDING,  Dundee,  N.  Y. 


LARGE  BERKSHIRES 

Orders  hooked  for  Spring  Pigs.  August  and 
September  pigs  from  litters  averaging  ten. 

.  .  .  Catalogue  on  application  .  .  . 

WILLOUGHBY  FARM,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 


MAPLE  HURST  STOCK  FARMS,  Guilford,  Conn.,  offer  lor 
sale  4  Jersey  Bull  Calves  eligible  for  registry, 
7  Guernsey  Bull  Calves  eligible  to  registry.  Jer¬ 
seys  headed  by  Hood  Farm  Pogis, Guernseys  headed 
by  imported  Fantine’s  Zac  Taylor.  Splendid 
specimens  of  both  breeds  Four  magnificent  Berk¬ 
shire  Boar  Pigs  eligible  to  registry.  Sired  by  Hood 
Farm  Rex  and  dam  Hood  Farm  Dlnith.  Also  20 
8  weeks  old  Chester  White  Pigs.  One  11  months 
old  Chester  White  Boar.  20  single  and  double 
comb  It.  I.  Red  Cockerels,  Tuttle  strain.  The 
above  stock  is  guaranteed  and  the  price  is  right. 


Iffi'S  HULSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  hulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somerville,  N.  J. 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEIN-FRI  ESI  AN  ASS'N  OF  AMERICA 
F. L. HOUGHTON, SECY, BOX  lOS.BRATTLEBORO.  VT. 


GUERNSEY  BULLS  For  SALE 

If  you  wish  to  purchase  a  high-class  Guernsey 
Bull  of  good  Adv.  It.  breeding,  write  to 

OTTO  W.  POST,  Ensknobe,  N.  Y. 


CREEP  YOUR  STABLES,  KENNELS 
&  CHICKEN  HOUSES  DISEASE-FREE 

An  occasional  disinfection  with  Formaldehyde  will  keep  your 
stock  houses  free  from  disease-producing  germs — surely  and  at 
little  cost.  Experience  is  unnecessary — a  child  can  apply  Formal¬ 
dehyde  by  following  the  directions  contained  in  the  booklet  which 
we  send  free  on  application.  This  method  endorsed  by  U.  S.  Dept, 
of  Agriculture.  Full  directions  for  treating  seed  grain  as  well — 
write  to-day. 

PERTH  AMBOY  CHEMICAL  COMPANY 

100  WILLIAM  STREET,  NEW  YORK 


Annual  March  Sale. 

inn  Belgian,  Pereheron  &  German  mn 
IUU  Coach  Stallions  and  Mares  IUU 

WEDNESDAY,  MARCH  8,  1911, 

At. the  SHARON  VALLEY  STOCK  FARM,  Newark,  Ohio 

Another  great  opportunity  to  buy  the  low-down, 
broad  out,  heavy  honed  stallions  and  mares  for 
spring  work  and  breeding.  You  cannot  afford  to 
wait  another  season  to  get  started  right  in  the 
horse  industry.  Do  not  fail  to  attend  this  sale, 
where  you  will  see  more  quality,  more  finish  and 
more  reasonable  prices  than  at  any  other  import¬ 
ing  barns  in  America.  These  stallions  and  mares 
are  the  farmers’  money  makers,  and  you  should 
not  fail  to  attend  this  sale.  Save  the  expenses  of 
an  agent  by  buying  direct  from  the  importer. 
Also,  one  carload  of  fine  MULES  will  be  offered 
at  this  sale. 

Sale  to  begin  at  10  o’clock  sharp,  regardless  of 
weather,  as  it  will  he  conducted  in  the  barn  with 
every  convenience  for  your  comfort.  Keep  in 
mind  the  day  and  date,  Wednesday,  March  8, 1911. 

Col.  G.  W.  CRAWFORD,  Newark,  Ohio. 


“EVERYTHING  FOR  DAIRYMEN  ALWAYS  IN  STOCK” 

WISHER  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY ,  230  ^wvork”  ST' 


Contain,  full  information  and  complete  feeding  directions  foi  using 


Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal — The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute 


Three  or  four  calves  can  be  raised  on  it  at  the  cost  of  one  where  milk  is  fed. 
jNo  mill  feed  The  only  calf  meal  manufactured  tn  an  exclusive  Calf  Meal  Factory 
Established  at  Leicester,  England,  in  1 800. 


Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory,  Waukegan,  Ill. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


24T 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 

R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
"a  square  deaL”  See  guarantee 


Rosaire's  Olpa 
4th' s  Pridt~ 
World's 

Champion  4  year 
old  Jersey  Cow 
owned  by 
Geo.  H.  Sweet 
East  Aurora,  N.  Y. 


Turn  Wasted  Ration 
Into  Profitable  Milk 


A  CONSIDERABLE  portion  of 
ordinary  ration  forms  in  the 
cow’s  stomach  and  does  not 
digest  easily.  Add  Dried  Beet  Pulp 
to  the  ration  you  feed  and  it  loosens  the 
mass,  makes  all  the  ration  produce  milk, 
increases  any  cow’s  milk  within  a  few  days, 
10#  in  three  weeks. 

Dried  Beet  Pulp  is  made  from  our  native 
sugar  beet  and  is  succulent  and  palatable. 

Mr  Sweet  says:  “I  consider  the  pulp  a 
valuable  feed  for  several  reasons — cows  seem 
to  relish  it,  it  keeps  them  in  a  healthy  con¬ 
dition,  ’tis  my  candid  belief  that  more  good 
is  derived  from  the  grain  that  is  given,  and 
assimilation  is  greatly  aided  in  its  use.” 


Accept  This  Guaranteed 
Trial  Offer 

We  have  arranged  with  your  dealer  to 
supply  you  a  sack  of  Dried  Beet  Pulp.  Just 
show  him  this  advertisement.  If  the  cow  you 
select  does  not  give  more  milk  in  three  weeks 

we  authorize  the  dealer  to  refund  your  money.  Read  what 
we  say  to  him  in  this  advertisement.  See  him  today  so  you 
can  eet  started  soon.  You  are  to  decide  everythin?  yourself. 


To  Dealers  Everywhere  East  of  the  Mis¬ 
sissippi  River  Except  in  States  of  Wis¬ 
consin  and  Michigan: 


You  are  authorized  to  sell  to  any  dairyman  who  will 
agree  to  give  the  feed  a  fair  honest  trial,  one  sack  of  our 
Dried  Beet  Pulp  and  to  guarantee  to  refund  the  purchase 
price  if  after  the  dairyman  has  fed  it  to  one  cow  for  three 
weeks  the  cow  has  not  increased  her  milk  production;  we 
will  reimburse  you  for  your  expenditure.  If  you  do  not 
carry  Dried  Beet  Pulp  in  stock,  write  us  quickly  for  our 
proposition.  Please  mention  this  paper. 


The  Larrowe  Milling  Co., 

624Ford  Building,  Detroit,  Michigan 


FREE  TO  FARMERS 

A  Valuable  160- page  book  entitled 

“SILO  PROFITS” 

Written  by  200  of  the  most  successful 
Feeders,  Farmers  and  Dairymen  In 
the  World.  XjC'  Every  farmer  In 
America  should  read  this  book,  and 
as  long  as  our  supply  of  theso  books 
last  we  will  mall  one  copy  free  to 
each  person  asking  for  It.  It  gives 
theactual  experience  of  these  farm¬ 
ers  and  In  their  own  words. 

Our  Factories  are  located  at  An¬ 
derson,  Ind.,  DesMoines,  Iowa,  and  _ _ _ 

Kansas  City.  -^-^Wrlte  NOW  X3_  C’i 

Missouri.  fifeJ  for  this  book  OllO 

INDIANA  SILO  COMPANY 
318  Union  Building,  Anderson,  1  ndiai 


OR  LESS  GROWS 
10  TONS  CORN 
ENSILAGE  EQUAL 
TO  4  TONS  OF 
BEST  HAY  YET 
BEATS  IT  AS  FEED 


la£ 

YOU  CARRY  ON  YOUR  BUILDINGS 
THAT  MAY  NEVER  BURN  DOWN 

FIRE  INSURANCE 


THE  HOT  DRY  WEATHER  THAT  BURNS  OUT 
YOUR  PASTURE  PRODUCES  CORN  ANDTHE5IL0 
INSURES  YOU  AGAINST  BOTH  DROUTH  A  FROST 

HOW  ? 

ask  KALAHAZOO^oCo 

MICHIGAN 


MARKETS 

Week  Ending  February  17,  1911. 


BDTTKK 

The  market  is  decidedly  firm  on  the  bet¬ 
ter  grades  of  both  storage  and  fresh 
creamery.  The  new  make  shows  a  rather 
large  proportion  of  Winter  defects.  Trade 
in  packing  stock  and  process  is  dull,  20 
cents  being  top  price  for  the  latter. 


Creamery,  fa nev,  lb.... 

.29 

Good  to  Choice . 

<3 

.27 

Lower  Grades  . 

@ 

.23 

Storage .  . 

® 

.25 

State  Dniry ,  best . 

. 25 

® 

.26 

Common  to  Good . 

@ 

.24 

Factory . 

® 

.17 

Packing  Siock . 

® 

.16 

Elgin  111.  butter  market  steady  at  26J^  cents. 


CHEESE 

Receipts  are 
quiet. 

light,  but 

trade 

is 

very 

Full  Cream,  best.. 

® 

.17 

Common  to  Good  . 

. 12 

® 

.13 

Skims . 

EGGS 

® 

.12 

The  market  appears  to  have  struck  bot¬ 
tom  after  a  steady  decline  for  three  weeks. 
It  is  now  on  a  basis  about  10  cents  lower 
than  one  year  ago. 


White,  good  to  choice . 20  ®  .23 

Mixed  Colors-,  best . 18  @  .19 

Common  to  Good . 15  @  .17 

Storage . 10  ®  .12 

Western,  best . 18  @  .21 

Under  grades . 12  @  .15 

BEANS 

Trade  is  lifeless,  with  buyers  critical 
as  to  quality. 

Marrow,  100  lbs .  3.75  @  3.96 

Medium . .  3.60  (a)  3.65 

Pea .  3.45  ®  3.70 

Yellow  Eye .  3.60  @  3.75 

Red  Kidney .  . 6.50  @  6.75 

WhiteKidney . 4.76  ®  5.00 

HOPS 

Market  very  firm  on  contracts  for  fu¬ 
ture  delivery. 

Prime  to  Choice . 28  @  .29 

Common  to  Good . 25  ®  .27 

Pacific  Coast . 20  @  .21 


German  Crop,  1910 . 46  @  .50 

CIDER  VINEGAR 

New  York  prices  for  single  barrel  lots. 

Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 22  @  .24 

Standard  Grade . 13  @  .15 

DRIED  FRUITS 

A  trifle  more  interest  is  noted  in  both 
evaporated  and  sun-dried  apples  above 
medium  quality. 


Apples,  evap.  fancy . 12  ®  13 

Kvap.,  com.  to  good . 06  @  .11 

Sun  Dried . 05  <3  .07, 

Chops . 0 4\i(ei>.  05  M 

Cores  and  Skins . 04  ®  .05^ 

Raspberries . 28  @  .30 

Cherries . 15  ®  18 


FRESH  FRUITS 

Apple  market  firm  both  for  box  and 
barrel  fruit.  Strawberries  from  the  South 
in  excessive  supply,  medium  grades  selling 
below  15  cents. 


Apples,  Russet,  bbl . 3.00.  ®  4.00 

King .  8.00  ®  5.25 

Greening .  .  4.00  @  5.75 

York  Imperial .  3.50  ®  6.75 

Baldwin .  3.00  ®  5.00 

Spy . 3.50  ®  5.25 

Western — 

Newtown,  box .  1.60  @  2.25 

Spitz,  box .  1.75  %  2.25 

Rome,  box .  l.7o  @  2  25 

Wlnesap,  box .  2  00  @  2.50 

Gano.  box  .  1.60  ®  1.90 

Cranberries — 

Cape  Cod.  bbl .  8.00  ®  9.60 

Long  Island,  bbl .  8.50  ®  9.50 

Jersey,  bbl .  7.00  @  8.60 

Gears.  Kieffer.  bbl .  2.75  r0  3.50 

Strawberries.  Fla.,  qt.  ...  . 12  ®  .40 

Oranges,  Fla.  box . 2.00  ®  3.25 

Porto  Rico .  1.75  @  2.26 

California .  2.50  ®  3.75 

Prape  Fruit  Fla.  box .  2.50  @  3.00 

Pineapples,  Havana.  18s .  1.00  ®  2.25 

Porto  Rico,  30s  to  24s .  1,75  @  2.10 

AMERICAN  APPLES  IN  LONDON. 

Greening  and  Baldwin,  bbl .  5.75  ®  6.00 

Albemarle  Pippin .  7  00  ®  7.50 

Oregon,  Newtown,  box .  3.00  ®  3  60 

Winesap .  2.75  ®  3.00 

HONEY 

Market  very  dull  and  prices  largely  nom¬ 
inal. 

White  Clover,  lb . 12  ®  .14 

Buckwheat, lb . 09  ®  .10 

Extracted,  lb .  07  ®  .09 


VEGETABLES 

Potato  market  continues  dull  and  low. 
Cabbage,  both  old  and  new  Southern,  sell¬ 
ing  slowly.  Onions,  medium  or  above  in 
quality  selling  well. 


Potatoes — N.  Y.  State.  180  lbs .  1.36  ®  1.60 

Long  Island,  180  lbs .  1.50  ®  2.00 

Maine .  1.40  ®  1.60 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bbl . . .  1.00  ®  2.60 

Brussels  Sprouts,  qt . 08  ®  .16 

Beets,  new.  ;uo  bunches .  2.00  ®  3.00 

Carrots,  bbl .  l.lHi  ®  1.60 

Southern,  new.  bbl . 2.00  ®  3.50 

Cabbage — Danish  seed,  ton . 9.00  ®12.00 

Domestic .  6  00  (3  8.00 

New,  Southern,  bbl .  1  50  ®  1.75 

Celery  doz . 50  ®  1.00 

Chicory,  bbl .  2.00  ®  3.00 

Cucumbers  Fla.  bu .  3.00  ®  4.00 

Escarol  bbl . 3.00  ®  3.50 

Endive.  French,  lb . 12  ®  .13 

Kale,  bbl .  UK)  «  1.12 

Kohlrabi.  Southern,  bbl .  2.50  ®  4.00 

Lettuce.  J-K-bbi  bkt . 50  @126 

Peppers.  Southern,  bn . 3.00  ®  4.00 

Onions,  Orange  Co.,  bag .  1.50  ®  2.00 

Conn.  Yellow,  100  lbs .  130  ®  1.50 

White  pickle,  bu . 75  ®  1.00 

Peas.  Fla.,  bu .  1.25  ®  3.60 

Remnlne.  Southern,  *4  bbl . 50  ®  1.00 

Salsify,  100  bunches . 5.00  _ 

String  BeaDs.  bu . - .  UK)  (3  1.75 

Spinach,  bbl .  1.60  ®  2.00 

Squash,  bbl .  1.75  ®  2  26 

Turnips,  Rutabaga,  bbl . 75  ®  1.00 

Wh'te  bbl .  1.00  @  1.60 

Leeks.  Southern,  100  bunches .  2.00  ®  3.00 

Egg  Plants.  Fla.,  box . 4.00  ®  6.00 

Parsnips,  bbl .  1.25  ®  1.60 

Parsley  bbl .  2.50  ®  4.00 

Tomatoes,  Fla.  crate .  2  AO  ®  3.50 

HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 
Mushroom  market  overstocked  and 
lower.  Tomatoes  lower.  Cucumbers  sell¬ 
ing  well. 

Cueumbe-s,  best,  doz .  1.75  ®  2.00 

Musn-ooms.  lb . 15  @  .20 

Radishes,  KHl  bunches .  2.00  ®  3.60 

Rhubarb,  doz  bunches .  .40  ®  .60 

Tomatoes,  lb . 15  ®  .35 


J-M  Asbestos  Ready  Roofing  is  literally  made  of  solid  rock  fibres! 

Its  base  consists  of  felt  made  of  stone — pure  Asbestos.  And  Asbestos 
is  a  natural  rock  formation.  Like  all  rock  or  stone,  practically  everlasting. 
And  known  the  world  over  as  fire-proof.  It  is  the  same  material  that  is 
used  to  hold  the  flame  in  gas  grates — the  same  material  of  which  we  make 
Asbestos  Theatre  Curtains.  You  know  Asbestos  Curtains  are  required  by 
law,  as  protection  against  fire,  in  the  theatres  of  nearly  all  cities. 

So  no  wonder  this  Asbestos  or  stone  roofing  never  catches  fire,  even 
when  neighboring  buildings  burn  to  the  ground. 

J-M  Asbestos  Roofing 

Won't  Burn — Won't  Rot  or  Decay — Needs  No  Paint. 


We  use  several  layers  of  this  Asbestos  or 
stone  felt.  And  cement  them  together  with 
genuine  Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt— that  won¬ 
derful  mineral  cement  which,  in  Asphalt 
pavements,  stands  the  grinding  of  wheels 
and  the  hammering  of  hoofs  for  30  or  40 
years. 

With  such  indestructible  materials  as 
these,  do  you  wonder  that  J-M  Asbestos 
Roofing  often  outlasts  the  building  it  covers? 

And  do  you  wonder  that  this  all-mineral 
roofi  ngwillneverneedasi  ngle  cent’s  wort  h 
of  paint  to  keep  it  from  rotting,  decaying  or 
oth  e  rwise  deterioratin  g  ? 

Other  ready  roofings  are  made  of  wool- 
felt— or.  what  is  still  worse,  of  shoddy,  rag 
stock,  paper  pulp,  etc. — vegetable  and  ani¬ 
mal  materials  which  nothing  can  make  per¬ 
manently  fire-proof,  and  which  no  paint  or 


weather-proofing  compound  ever  discover¬ 
ed  can  make  as  lasting  as  the  Asbestos  rock 
and  mineral  cement  used  in  J-M  Asbestos 
Roofing. 

Interesting  Book  Sent  Free 

If  you  want  a  permanent  roof — if  you 
want  to  save  the  expense  of  painting  and 
repairs — if  you  want  protection  against  fire, 
and  against  leaks— write  for  a  sample  of 
Crude  Asbestos  and  our  free  Book  No.  H,  is 
It  clearly  explains  the  big  difference  be¬ 
tween  J-M  Asbestos  Roofing  and  all  other 
kinds,  and  gives  the  names  of  many  well- 
known  plants  where  this  roofing  has  been 
in  service  ten  to  twenty-five  years. 

We’ll  sell  you  J-M  Asbestos  Roofing 
direct  from  our  nearest  Branch  (also  apply 
it,  if  desired)  if  your  dealer  won’t  supply  you. 


H.  W.  JOHNS-MANVILLE  CO. 


BALTIMORE 
BOSTON 
BUFFALO 
CHICAGO 


CLEVELAND 
DALLAS 
DETROIT 
KANSAS  CITY 


LONDON 

LOS  ANGELES 

MILWAUKEE 


MINNEAPOLIS 
NEW  ORLEANS 
NEW  YORK 
PHILADELPHIA 


PITTSBURG 
SAN  FRANCISCO 
SEATTLE 
ST.  LOUIS  1343 


For  Cauada:— THE  CANADIAN  H.  W.  JOHNS-MANVILLE  CO.,  LIMITED, 
Toronto,  Ont.,  Montreal,  Que.,  Winnipeg,  Man.,  Vancouver.  B. 

hM—rnwnpf  m - - - 


We  have  a  size  to  suit  your  power  and  requirements.  Get  one 

of  these  guaranteed  outfits 
now.  Lumber  is  high.  The 
mill  will  soon  pay  for  it¬ 
self.  No  experience  needed.. 

No  Belts,  Springs  or  compli¬ 
cated  parts  to  get  out  of 
order  or  cause  trouble. 

The  sawer  lias  complete 
control  of  Variable  Fric¬ 
tion  Feed  with  one  hand;  slight  motion  of  lever  changes 
speed.  Other  time  and  labor  saving  devices  enable 
this  mill  to  saw  more  lumber  with  le-^s  power  and 
less  help  than  any  other.  Free  Mill  Book  explains 
and  lists  our  complete  line  of  wood  working  machin¬ 
ery.  Write  for  it  today. 

AMERICAN  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY  CO. 

129  Hope  St—  Hackettstown,  N.  J.  1582  Terminal  Bldgs..  New  York 


An  IHC  Gasoline 
Engine  Has 
Been  Built 
Especially 

For  You/ 


No  matter  what  kind  of  work  you  want  your  engine  to  do.  Whether  you 
need  1-H.  P.  or  45-H.  P.— whether  you  want  a  vertical  or  horizontal  engine, 
one  that  is  portable,  or  of  the  stationary  type— there  is  an  I  H  C  that  will 
just  meet  your  requirements.  Also  a  line  of  Traction  Engines  in  12,  15  20 
25,  and  45-H.  P.  sizes — varied  types. 

The  IHC  line  of  Gasoline  Engines  has  been  developed  to  cover  every 
farm  power  need.  *1  he  men  who  are  responsible  for  their  design  and  con¬ 
struction  know  conditions  on  the  farm,  and  they  know  what  is  required 
to  do  all  farm  work  efficiently  and  economically. 

The  next  time  you  are  in  town  call  on  the  I  H  C  local  dealer— explain  the 
work  you  want  your  engine  to  do,  whether  operating  cream  separator,  feed 
grinder,  fanning  mill,  thresher,  spreader,  turning  grind-stone,  sawing  wood, 
etc.,  and  he’ll  show  you  the  engine  to  do  it— do  it  quickly— efficiently— and 
economically  just  as  others  like  it  are  doing  for  thousands  of  other  farmers. 

He’ll  show  you,  too,  the  many  advantages  of  I  H  C  con¬ 
struction — points  you  ought  to  know  about  if  you  want  the 
most  satisfactory  farm  power  you  can  buy. 

If  you  prefer,  write  for  the  IHC  Gasoline  Engine 
catalogue.  It  gives  all  the  facts.  Address 

International  Harvester  Company  of  America 

(Incorporated) 

Chicago  -  -  USA 


IHC  Service  Bureau 

The  purpose  of  this  Bureau  is  to  furnish  farmers 
with  information  on  better  farming.  If  you  have 
any  worthy  questions  concerning  soils,  crops,  pests, 
fertilizer,  etc.,  write  to  the  IHC  Service  Bureau, 
ard  learn  what  our  experts  and  others  have 
found  out  concerning  those  subjects. 


2-48 


THE  RURAR  NEW-YORKEB 


February  25. 


A  GOOD  COW. 

I  wish  to  get  your  opinion  upon  a 
cow  I  own.  I  am  no  farmer,  but  live 
in  the  village.  I  bought  this  cow  last 
March;  she  was  fresh  in  January,  was  in 
poor  condition  when  I  got  her.  I 
weighed  every  milking  up  to  January  22, 
1911.  From  March  24  to  January  22 
she  gave  7,121  pounds  of  milk.  We 
sold  all  of  her  milk  but  what  we  kept 
for  our  own  use,  and  counting  what  we 
used  she  brought  us  in  about  $150.  She 
is  part  Jersey,  I  don’t  know  how  much 
Jersey  or  what  breed  the  rest  is.  I 
paid  $50  for  her.  We  consider  her  a 
good  cow,  but  having  had  no  experience 
in  cows,  would  like  your  opinion  upon 
her.  We  think  she  has  more  than  paid 
for  herself  and  her  keep  the  past  sea¬ 
son,  and  for  wintering  her  through. 

Wellsville,  N.  Y.  A.  m.  d. 

R.  N.-Y. — That  is  a  good  cow.  Many 
a  purebred  with  a  yard  long  pedigree 
would  be  proud  of  her  record. 

MUZZLE  FOR  UGLY  SOW. 

For  the  benefit  of  some  R.  N.-Y. 
reader  in  his  time  of  need  I  send  you 
description  of  a  homemade  appliance, 
used  by  a  neighbor  of  mine,  which  will 
reridet  the  cross  sow  harmless  and  tract¬ 
able,  when  it  is  a  case  of  life  or  death 
(generally  death)  to  the  pig  that  comes 
near  her.  Just  cut  off  the  top  of  an 
old  felt  boot  overshoe,  one  having  two 
or  three  buckles,  and  buckle  it  around 
her  nose,  medium  tight,  fastening  with 
a  stout  string  back  of  her  ears,  and 
the  game  is  won.  Arrange  it  so  that 


THE  SOW  AND  HER  MUZZLE. 


her  rose  will  be  out  far  enough  to  drink 
and  breathe  well,  yet  still  be  unable  to 
open  her  mouth.  Since  prevention  is 
better  than  cure,  it  is  well  to  add  that 
proper  feeding  and  breeding  will  largely 
do  away  with  cross  sows;  but  the  writer 
once  had  a  well-mannered  animal,  one 
that  had  reared  several  litters,  positively 
refuse  to  allow  the  pigs  to  nurse.  The 
cause  of  her  ill-temper  was  that  those 
pigs  were  born  with  needle-pointed 
tusks,  and  her  only  way  to  stop  their 
biting  was  to  kill  them.  By  clipping  off 
the  end  of  each  tusk  with  a  pair  of  lamp 
trimmers  the  cause  was  removed  and 
the  trouble  ended.  Timely  attention  to 
such  little  details  quite  generally  elim¬ 
inates  the  element  of  “luck”  so  often 
ascribed  to  stock-raising.  h. 

CLOVER  IN  THE  SILO. 

I  have  never  seen  the  crop  of 
clover  put  into  the  silo  alone,  but 
have  seen  the  second  crop  or  cut¬ 
ting  put  in  in  connection  with  corn, 
I  have  had  no  experience  on  my 
own  farm  in  this  matter,  but  have  helped 
neighbors,  so  can  speak  from  observa¬ 
tion  only.  Those  who  have  cut  clover 
and  corn  together  into  the  silo  think 
very  highly  of  the  feed.  The  rule  here 
seems  to  be  one  load  of  clover  to  about 
three  of  corn,  both  being  fed  into  the 
cutter  at  the  same  time,  the  clover  from 
one  of  the  machines  and  the  corn  from 
the  other.  With  both  men  feeding  as 
fast  as  possible,  the  load  of  clover  will 
take  as  long  as  three  of  corn.  We  are 
often  told  to  make  hay  of  our  clover,  as 
it  loses  nothing  that  way,  but  it  seems 
to  me  that  there  would  be  just  the  same 
difference  with  clover  that  there  is  with 
corn.  We  know  that  we  get  much  bet¬ 
ter  results  with  silage  than  we  do  with 
dry  fodder.  Why  not  the  same  differ¬ 
ence  with  clover?  I  have  often  had  a 
big  crop  of  second  growth  of  clover  at 
silo  filling  time  and  it  is  a  great  tempta¬ 
tion  to  cut  and  put  it  in  the  silo,  but  I 
swore  off  either  cutting  or  pasturing 


this  second  growth,  and  we  stick  to  our 
swear.  We  have  made  arrangements  to 
use  some  Alfalfa  this  way  this  coming 
Fall.  The  only  objection  against  this 
work  comes  from  the  machine  men.  Un¬ 
less  care  is  taken  in  raking  and  drawing 
the  clover  many  little  stones  will  be 
gathered  up  and  many  times  damage 
will  be  done  the  cutter.  They  try  here 
to  make  the  farmer  who  has  the  work 
done  become  responsible  for  any  damage 
done.  c.  i.  hunt. 

Law  Regarding  Brewers’  Grains. 

I  fail  to  find  wet  brewers'  grains  licensed 
by  the  sellers  thereof.  I  fail  to  find  any 
provision  of  the  law  that  exempts  them 
from  paying  tax,  just  as  other  feeds  must 
be  taxed.  My  opinion  is  that  if  farmers 
knew  how  much  they  were  paying  for  plain 
water  there  would  be  less  of  this  unsani¬ 
tary  feed  used.  I  wish  you  would  look 
over  the  law  and  see  if  I  am  not  right. 

Ohio.  J-  w.  G. 

Section  12717  of  the  Ohio  Food  and 
Drug  laws  reads  in  part  as  follows: 
“Whoever  sells,  exchanges  or  delivers  milk 
from  cows  fed  on  wet  distillery  waste  or 
starch  waste  shall  be  fined  not  less  than 
$50,  etc.”  The  Ohio  Agricultural  Depart¬ 
ment  enforces  the  feed  stuffs  law  requiring 
a  license  fee  of  $25  on  each  brand  of  dried 
distillers’  grains  or  dried  brewers’  grains 
placed  on  the  market. 


Eczema. 

What  is  wrong  with  my  dog?  He  broke 
out  on  his  nose  in  blotches  last  Fall,  but 
there  was  no  pus,  only  the  hair  came  off 
in  patches  and  he  still  remains  so.  He 
is  also  lame  in  the  right  fore  foot,  hair  is 
coming  off  foot.  Foot  does  not  seem  to  be 
sore.  Dog  is  18  months  old.  s.  L.  F. 

West  Virginia. 

Apply  sulphur  ointment  freely  once  a 
day  to  each  affected  part.  It  may  be 
eczema,  but  that  would  scarcely  explain 
the  lameness,  yet  we  cannot  say  what  is 
causing  that,  as  an  examination  would  be 
necessary.  We  suspect  that  a  foreign  body 
is  present  in  a  pad  or  toe  of  foot. 

a.  s.  A. 


Horse  with  Catarrh. 


I  have  a  horse  eight  years  old,  in  good 
flesh,  and  works  every  day.  He  has  a  whit® 
discharge,  sometimes  thick  and  sometime* 
thin,  from  his  nose,  and  coughs  some.  Will 
you  tell  me  what  the  trouble  is,  and  what 
treatment  I  can  give  him?  k. 

Massachusetts. 

In  such  a  case  the  most  important  mat¬ 
ter  is  to  decide  whether  or  not  glanders  ia 
the  cause  of  the  discharge.  If  it  is,  tho 
animal  has  to  be  destroyed  according  to 
State  law,  and  the  premises  quarantined 
and  disinfected.  We  cannot  decide  the 
matter,  so  an  expert  should  be  called  in 
to  make  the  necessary  examination.  It  may 
be  stated,  however,  that  discharge  is  simply 
a  symptom,  and  may  indicate  simple  or 
chronic  catarrh,  or  be  due  to  a  diseased 
molar  tooth  in  the  upper  iaw  and  that 
might  be  removed  by  trephining,  a.  s.  a. 


The  Best  Root 


i 


— For  the  Home 
— The  Barns  and 
—Out.  buildings 

The  standard  of  du¬ 
rability,  service  and  satis¬ 
faction  in  roofing  mate¬ 
rial— is  slate. 

When  a  patent,  arti¬ 
ficial  roofing  can  be 
made  to  measure  up  to 
this— it  will  be  worth 
your  consideration — 
worth  your  buying.  Up  to  date,  however,  no 
patent  roofing  has  been  invented  that  dan 
give  the  service  and  satisfaction  of  slate. 


Sea  Green  and  Purple 

Roofing  Slate 

Is  nature’s  own  and  the  one  reliable  roofing  for  your 
home,  barn,  factory  or  out-buildlngs  whether  these 
be  old  or  new. 


It  costs  no  more  than  artificial  imitations— is  proof 
against  fire-brands — never  becomes  water  soaked, 
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The  best  roofing  is  none  too  good  for  you.  The 
kind  that  never  wears  out  is  the  kind  you  want. 
Specify  that  Sea  Green  or  Purple  Slate  be  used  and  you 
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of  your  natural  life. 


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You  Can  Train  Your  Colt  in  8  Hours  or 
Break  Your  Horses  of  Any  Bad  Habits 
by  Prof.  Beery's  Simple  Methods 

Prof.  Jesse  Beery,  king  of  horse  tamers  and  trainers, 
has  retired  from  his  marvelous  career  in  the  arena  and 
is  now  teaching  his  wonderful  system  by  mail  to  thou¬ 
sands  of  interested  horse  owners. 

Prof.  Beery  is  acknowledged  to  be  the  world’s  master 
horseman.  His  wonderful  exhibition  of  taming  fierce, 
man-killing  horses  and  conquering  horses  of  all  disposi¬ 
tions  have  thrilled  vast  audiences  all  over  the  world. 
He  can  teach  you  the  same  simple,  yet  marvelous, 
principles  which  have  brought  him  such  remarkable 
success,  so  that  you  can  take  the  most  vicious  horse 
and  subdue  him  in  a  few  minutes.  He  can  teach  you  to 
train  a  green  colt,  break  any  horse  of  bad  habits,  teach 
a  horse  to  drive  without  reins,  tell  the  disposition  of 
any  horse  at  a  single  glance,  train  him  to  do  difficult 
tricks  and,  in  fact,  gain  complete  mastery  over  any 
horse,  young  or  old. 

You  can  take  a  useless  and  dangerous  animal  and 
double  his  value  in  a  short  time  by  these  easy,  simple 
methods.  And  these  horses  will  be  cured  ot  shying, 
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Prof.  Beery’s  lessons  are  simple,  thorough  and 
practical. 

$1,200  to  $3,000  a  Year 

At  Home  or  Traveling! 

Competent  Horse  Trainers  are  in  demand  every* 
where.  People  gladly  pay  $15  to  $25  a  head  to  have 
horses  tamed,  trained,  cured  of  bad  habits,  to  have 
colts  broken  to  harness.  A  good  trainer  can  always 
keep  his  stable  full  of  horses. 

What  Prof.  Beery’s  Students  Are  Doing 

Breaking  horses  of  every  conceivable  habit,  no  mat¬ 
ter  how  long  standing  it  is.  Training  colts  to  be  ab¬ 
solutely  trustworthy  and  useful  in  8  hours.  Riding 
with  perfect  ease  and  control.  Training  horses  to  go 
all  the  saddle  gaits  and  do  fancy  steps.  Training 
horses  to  do  the  most  difficult  and  interesting  tricks. 
Telling  any  horse’s  disposition  at  sight — judging  a 
horse  right  the  first  time.  There  is  no  limit  to  what  a 
horse  can  be  taught  when  you  know  how. 

We  receive  hundreds  of  letters  like  tho  following: 

J.  O.  Brown,  Cameron,  Mo..  R.  R.  4..  writes,  “Last  month 
I  made  $90.00  training  colts,  besides  my  regular  farm  work." 

A.  VV.  Bower.  Tipton,  Ind.,  writes,  “You  have  made  me  a 
practical  colt  trainer,  have  all  the  work  I  can  do  und  mako 
more  money  than  ever  before.” 

S.  M.  Ryder,  Mercersburs,  Fa.,  writes,  •  I  am  making  money 
buying  3-year-old  kickers  cheap,  handling  them  a  few  duyeand 
selling  them,  perfectly  broken,  at  a  large  profit.” 

Levi  Smith,.  Ad  m  i  re, 
Knns.,  R.  R.  2,  writes.  “I 
have  used  your  methods  ou 
some  very  mean  and  vicious 
horses  and  had  good  suc¬ 
cess;  broke  a  five-.venr-old 
from  kicking  in  two  hours. 
Tho  owner  offered  to  sell  it 
for  $76.00.  but  after  I 
trained  her  he  refused 
*176.00.” 

PROF.  JESSE  BEERY 

57  Academy  St.  Pleasant  Hill,  Ohio 


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Write  to-day  for  JOHNSTON  1911  catalog — it’s  free 
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BATAVIA, 


1911. 


THE  RURAt  NEW-YORKEB 


240 


REMODELING  A  BARN. 

I  have  a  barn  30x40  feet,  the  first  story 
used  for  the  stabling  of  stock,  the  floors 
and  stalls  are  of  wood,  no  windows  in  it. 
I  wish  to  be  advised  as  to  how  I  can 
change  this  building  into  one  of  modern 
conveniences  and  sanitary  conditions.  I 
would  like  a  diagram  of  interior  arrange¬ 
ments.  Would  it  be  advisable  to  have  a 
well  inside  the  building  for  furnishing 
water  to  the  stock?  subscriber. 

The  man  on  the  spot  is  the  one  to 
plan  the  interior  arrangements  of  a  barn, 
for  he  alone  knows  the  kind  and  amount 
of  stock  to  be  kept,  and  the  purpose  for 
which  they  are  to  be  kept,  all  of  which 
must  be  known  before  plans  can  be 
made.  Aside  from  general  arrangements, 
three  things  seem  especially  desirable 


SECTION  SHOWING  FLOOR  AND  AIR 
INTAKE. 


in  a  stable.  These  are :  A  good  floor, 
plenty  of  light,  and  ventilation.  A  floor 
to  meet  the  requirements  of  the  animals 
tight,  smooth  and  non-destructible.  Con¬ 
crete  well  surfaced  fills  the  bill.  To 
make  it,  shape  the  earth  in  the  stable 
as  in  cut  above.  Wet  and  tramp  or  tamp 
thoroughly,  put  on  three  or  four  inches 
of  concrete  and  surface  with  one-half 
inch  made  of  one  part  Portland  cement 
and  two  parts  clean  sand.  Light  is  essen¬ 
tial  to  sanitation.  Direct  sunlight  is 
death  to  most  germ  life.  Make  the  stable 
then  as  light  as  your  living  room,  and 
arrange  the  windows  if  possible  so  that 
the  sun  will  shine  on  every  foot  of 
floor  space  some  time  in  the  day.  Ven¬ 
tilation  is  especially  necessary.  The 
production  of  milk  is  a  great  tax  on 
the  nervous  energy  of  the  cow.  She 
cannot  keep  up  this  nervous  energy 
without  an  abundance  of  fresh  air.  To 
secure  ventilation  we  must  avail  our¬ 
selves  of  certain  facts  and  principles. 
We  know  that  warm  air  rises  and  cold 
air  settles.  We  know  also  that  the 
poisonous  gases  thrown  off  by  the  ani¬ 
mal  are  heavier  than  air,  and  conse¬ 


quently  settle.  We  know  that  there  is 
always  a  draft  up  a  chimney,  conse¬ 
quently  a  chimney  open  at  the  floor,  lik^ 
an  old-fashioned  fireplace,  will  draw  the 
cold,  poisonous  air  from  the  floor  of  the 
stable  and  carry  it  out  above  the  roof. 
Above  diagram  will  show  ventilator.  Pro¬ 
vision  must  also  be  made  to  get  fresh  air 
into  the  stable.  To  secure  this  provide 
intakes  as  in  first  cut.  These  should  be 
shaped  as  in  figure,  so  that  the  wind 
may  not  blow  directly  in  upon  stock 
but  be  directed  upward  against  the 
ceiling,  whence  it  will  diffuse  throughout 
the  stable.  All  doors,  windows  and  walk, 
should  be  tight,  necessitating  all  air 
coming  in  by  way  of  the  intakes  and 
discharging  through  the  ventilating  flues 
Ventilation  can  then  be  controlled  and 
regulated.  I  believe  this  is  the  correct 
principle  in  any  method  of  supplying 
air  for  the  stable.  We  draw  the  cold, 
impure  air  from  the  floor.  The  fresh 
air  from  the  outside  meets  the  warm  air 
as  it  rises  from  the  animals,  and  is 
warmed  thereby.  As  it  warms  its  ca¬ 


pacity  to  hold  moisture  increases,  hence 
it  is  dry.  Dry  air  is  always  warm  air. 
Where  no  provision  is  made  for  ven¬ 
tilation  and  stock  is  closely  housed,  the 
air  becomes  surcharged  with  moisture 
and  is  cold.  The  cold,  damp,  impure 
air  of  the  average  stable  is  one  great 
cause  of  dairy  unprofitableness.  Two 
ventilating  flues,  each  1x2  feet,  on  either 
side  of  a  stable  should  provide  ventila¬ 
tion  for  20  cows  or  their  equivalent  in 
other  stock.  The  intakes  should  have  a 
capacity  equal  to  the  flues.  Good  fresh 
water  at  the  temperature  of  well  water 
is  very  desirable  in  a  stable.  Whether 
the  well  should  be  in  the  stable  or  not 
will  depend  upon  the  room  and  conven¬ 
iences,  etc.  F.  L.  ALLEN. 

Ohio. 


TROUBLE  WITH  CHURNING. 

I  have  a  cow  that  had  her  last  calf  last 
July.  I  have  always  nad  good  luck  In 
making  butter  from  her  milk,  never  had 
any  trouble  before.  But  the  last  three 
times  I  have  churned  I  have  failed  to  get 
butter.  I  churn  once  a  week.  I  keep  my 
milk  in  a  pantry  until  a  day  or  night 
before  churning ;  then  l  set  it  back  of  the 
stove.  I  have  it  at  60  degrees  for  churn¬ 
ing  in  a  crank  churn.  The  cream  is  thick 
when  I  begin  to  churn,  but  begins  to  foam. 
I  churn  four  or  five  hours,  but  no  butter. 
I  feed  the  cow  the  same  as  every  Winter, 
but  I  have  never  failed  to  get  butter  be¬ 
fore  from  her.  mrs.  s.  a. 

New  Jersey. 

Warm  your  cream  to  about  70  de¬ 
grees  and  hold  it  at  that  temperature 
for  at  least  12  hours  before  churning. 
Try  churning  at  a  higher  temperature 
than  you  have  been  in  the  practice  of 
doing,  which  you  say  is  60  degrees.  If 
the  butter  still  fails  to  come  heat  your 
cream  to  a  temperature  of  160  degrees, 
hold  it  there  for  15  or  20  minutes,  then 
cool  down  to  70  degrees;  add  a  little 
clean,  sour  milk  or  buttermilk,  keep  it 
at  70  degrees  for  12  hours,  stirring  oc¬ 
casionally,  when  it  should  be  fit  to 
churn.  c.  S.  M. 

Nellie  was  out  riding  one  day  with 
her  grandmother  in  the  country.  As 
they  passed  a  village  cemetery  she 
looked  up  at  the  old  lady  and  asked : 
“Grandma,  how  long  is  it  after  they 
plant  people  before  their  tombstones 
come  up?” — Lippincott’s  Magazine. 


I  Promise 

To  Save  You 
$37  to  $300 


On  a  Gasoline  Engine 


GET  my  new  1911  Engine  Book — and 
convince  yourself.  I’ll  positively 
prove  just  how  I  save  you  $37  on 
al^H.P.  and$105.50ona5H.P.  Engine. 
No  matter  what  power  you  need — or 
what  work  you  want  to  do — be  sure  to 
send  me  your  name.  A  Postal  will  do. 


S  H.P.  Gasoline  Engine 


The  greatest  work-saver  and  money-earner 
ever  installed  on  any  farm.  The  only  other 
engine  that  compares  at  all  with  this  Galloway 
is  sold  for  $225.  Here  I  save  you  just  $105.50  and 
give  you  a  better  engine.  Equally  large  savings 
in  proportion  on  all  other  sizes.  Just  send  for 
My  Engine  Book  and  astonishing  proposition. 
It  gives  you  the  real  reasons  why  Galloway  .with 
his  enormous  factory,  and  the  steady  trade  of 
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Gasoline  Engines  and  save  you  from  537.00  to 
8300.00.  And  every  Engine  is  covered  by  tbe  Gallo- 
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days  free  trial,  I  want  to  make  you  my 
special  proposition.  Just  send  mo 
your  name  on  a  postal.  Address  me 
personally,  Wm.  Galloway,  Pres. 

Wm.  Galloway -Company 
665  Galloway  Station 
Waterloo,  Iowa 

Get  This 

Free  Book 


Get  —  put  your  cows  in  better  condition.  I  am 
More  ?oins  it — so  are  hundreds  of  others,  and  I  want 
mm •mM.  to  proclaim  the  good  news  to  every  dairyman 
W ffsfi  -who  has  not  ye|-  tried  the  new 


Here  it  is:  Mix  Schumacher  Feed  to  the  amount  of  %  to  %  your  !H 
■■  ration  with  any  high  protein  concentrates  you  are  now  JH 

feeding,  such  as  Gluten,  Oil  meal,  Cottonseed  meal,  Malt  sprouts,  Distil-  fl 
lers  grains,  Blue  Ribbon  Dairy  Feed  or  other  high  protein  feed  and  you  IM 
will  be  surprised  at  the  increase  inflow,  the  improvement  in  condition  I  MR 
.  of  your  cows  and  the  saving  in  cost  of  your  feed.  The  high  quality  fttk H 
V  of  Schumacher  and  the  favorable  prices  of  grains  making  it  pos-  /fl9 
|\  sible  to  buy  Schumacher  at  about  the  cost  of  bran  saves  you  $5 
to  $8  a  ton.  Ask  your  dealer  for  it,  or  write  to  us. 

j^.  The  Quaker  Oats  Company  /jEr 

Chicago,  U.  S.  A.  iossaSaSEa 

day,  13  of  these  cows  have  been  milked 
since  last  March  and  April. 

The  most  important  point  in  this  test 
isthe  fact  that,  whileSchumacher’scost 
mo  $6.00  per  ton  less  than  the  Distillers 
Grains,  mycows  actually  gained  in  milk 
by  feeding  it.  and  at  a  time  when  every 
dairyman  knows,  cows  that  have  been 
milked  so  long  usually  shrink  in  flow. 
J.  E.  MUI4RAY,  Freedom,  N.  Y. 


The  Quaker  Oats  Co., 

Gentlemen  :  —  During  the  past  few 
months,  I  have  been  feeding  my  dairy 
a  ration  composed  of  equal  parts  of 
Gluten  Feed  and  Distillers  Grains. 
About  two  weeks  ago  I  left  out  the  Dis¬ 
tillers  Grains  and  began  using  Schu¬ 
macher  Feed  in  its  place  and  feeding 
just  the  same  amount.  In  2  days  my 
dairy  has  gained  30  pounds  of  milk  per 


Gained 
30  lbs. 

from 
#4  Cows 


Planet  Jr  New  No.  76  Pivot- Wheel  Riding 
Cultivator  Plow  Furrower  and  Ridger 

The  greatest  one-row  cultivator  ever  invented  for 
cotton  or  com.  It  is  a  combination  of  the  best  jWttH 

features  of  former  cultivating  implements,  and 
is  really  an  “all-star”  cultivator —  M  jH 

without  an  equal. 

Does  thorough  work,  yet  'SVn  I 

is  light  in  draft.  It  is  simple,  'H'^P^ackedjl 

strong  and  durable. 

Made  of  finest  ^ 
quality  materials 
throughout,  ^ 

Fully  guar-^^H 
anteed. 


I  H  practical  farmer  jl  :,u|  Helu-F  jb|j[BT 

*  lH  H  Wpr  and  manufacturer,  1 BU ’ jcyy ar 

*  ■  which  has  made  all  Planet 

I  | Jr  implements  the  leaders  for  ^ 

*  their  different  kinds  of  work.  \ 

Write  for  the  illustrated  iqn 

Planet  Jr  catalogue  fully  describing  one-and-two-horse  cultivators, 
and  combination  hand  garden  tools.  Free  and  postpaid. 


S  L  Allen  &  Co  Box  1107V  Philadelphia  Pa 


ck  e  d  t 

by  more 

1  than  35  years' 

STS 

experience  of  a 

DR  HESS  DIP 

and  Disinfectant 


keeps  farm  stock  healthy.  It  stands, 
a  guard  against  infectious  animal 
diseases  which  sometimes  sweep  a 
community  in  epidemic  form.  You’ve 
no  reason  to  dread  hog  cholera,  in¬ 
fectious  pneumonia,  mange  or  other 
germ  disease  of  live  stock  if  you  use 
Dr.  Hess  Dip  and  Disinfectant  as  a 
preventive. 

It  meets  the  government  require- 
mentasan  official 
dip  for  sheep 

scab,  also  cures 
foot  rot  and 
kills  sheep 

/,  '-Wit  A  ticks. 


It  destroys  lice  . 
on  cattle,  poul-i 
try  and  swine. 

It  kills  unwholesome 
odors  from  whatever 
cause  and  makesfarm 
buildings  sanitary. 

Costis  trifling — benefits  great.  Write 
for  free  booklet. 

DR.  HESS  &  CLARK, 
Aahland,  Ohio. 


CRUMB'S  warriner 

STANCHION 


Henry  II.  Albertson,  Burl¬ 
ington,  N.  J.,  writes:  “My 
new  Stanchions  add  greatly 
to  the  comfort  of  my  cows.’’ 

WHY  TORTURE 

yours  with  rigid  stanchions? 

Send  for  specifications 
of  inexpensive  yet  sani¬ 
tary  cow  stable  to 

WALLACE  B.  CRUMB,  MB,  Forcatvillc,  Conn. 


EXCELSIOR  SWING  STANCHION 

Warranted  The  Best.  30  Days’  Trial 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  when  open 
Noiseless  Simple  Sanitary  Durable 

The  Wasson  Stanchion  Co., 
Box  60,  -t-  Cuba,  N.  Y. 


COW  COMFORT 

Means  additional  profit.  Simple, 
durable,  easily  locked.  Foster 
Steel  S  t  u  n  e  li  1  o  n  s  cannot  be 
opened  by  the  cattle.  Top  and  bot¬ 
tom  chains  permit  free  head  move¬ 
ment,  standing  or  lying  down,  yet 
keep  cattle  lined  up  and  clean. 
■Write  for  new  booklet  showing 
model  stables. 

Foster  Steel  Stanchion  Co., 

906  Ins.  Bldg.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


ROBF.KTSON'S  CHAIN 
MAN  6  IN  (J  STANCHIONS 

“I  have  used  them  for  more 
than  TWENTY  YEARS,  and  they 
have  given  the  very  best  of  satis- 
fart  on  in  every  way,”  writes 
Justus  FT.  Cooley,  M.D.,  Plainfield 
Sanitarium,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

Thirty  days’  trial  on  application 
O.  II.  IIOBF.RTSOV 
Wash.  St.,  Foreutvlllc,  Conn. 


COOK  YOUR  FEED  and  SAVE 
Half  the  Cost— with  the 

PROFIT  FARM  BOILER 


With  Dumping  Caldron.  Empties 
its  kettlein  one  minnte.  Xhesimpleat 
and  best  arrangement  for  cooking 
food  for  stock.  Also  make  Dairy  and 
Laundry  Stoves,  Water  and 
Steam  Jacket  Kettles,  Hog 
Scalders,  Caldrons, etc.  E^*Sena 
for  particulars  and  ask  forcir  :ulai«  J 
D.  it.  SFEBKY  4  GO..  BaL.via.  lift 


260 


THE  RTJ  RAL,  NEW-YORKER 


February  25. 


The  Henyard. 

Good  Rhode  Island  Reds. 

During  the  year  1910,  170  R.  C.  R.  I. 
hens  and  pullets  were  kept  in  curtain- 
front  house  and  fed  as  follows :  Morning, 
scratch  food  fed  in  litter,  dry  mash  in 
hoppers  always  before  them,  with  a  small 
amount  of  scratch  food  scattered  at  noon 
to  induce  exercise.  Night,  whole  corn  and 
oats  during  cold  weather,  and  scratch  food 
substituted  for  corn  during  warm  weather. 
Skim-milk  and  a  liberal  supply  of  green 
food,  such  as  cabbage  and  mangels,  is 
given,  also  oyster  shells,  grit  and  fresh 
water  always  before  them.  The  following 
result  was  obtained : 

23313  eggs  sold . $574.00 

Broilers  sold  .  200.26 

Hens  sold .  107.58 

Increase  in  stock  value .  44.25 

Total  receipts  . $926.09 

Expense  of  feed  and  eggs  for  hatch¬ 
ing  .  369.64 

Balance  to  credit . $556.45 

F.  M.  V.  s. 

New  Paltz,  N.  Y. 

A  Hawk  Trap. 

This  section  being  heavily  wooded,  we 
are  troubled  very  much  with  hawks,  and  I 
have  set  up  an  effective  trap,  of  which  I 
enclose  diagram.  All  that  is  needed  is  a 
pole  and  trap.  (I  find  a  No.  1  jump  trap 
about  the  best,  as  it  will  set  on  pole  better.)- 
Pole  should  be  about  12  or  15  feet  above 
ground  and  far  enough  in  to  hold  your 
weight,  hasten  trap  on  pole  by  a  chain 


Grasshoppers  and  Turkeys. 

Tell  those  western  people  that  are  trou¬ 
bled  with  grasshoppers  to  grow  turkeys 
to  catch  the  grasshoppers.  I  have  obtained 
nearly  $1,000  out  of  my  grasshoppers  the 
last  two  years  by  growing  a  little  corn  to 
feed  the  turkeys  in  the  Fall  after  the  grass¬ 
hoppers  were  gone.  I  have  also  saved  the 
grass  and  grain  by  getting  away  with  the 
hoppers.  F.  j.  b. 

Ulenfield,  N.  Y. 

R.  N.-Y.— Out  where  the  grasshoppers  are 
following  the  Alfalfa  it  would  take  millions 
of  turkeys  to  keep  them  in  check.  English 
sparrows  are  even  better  at  killing  the 
“hoppers.” 


TIIE  HAWK  TRAP. 

with  a  staple.  Small  blocks  of  wood  are 
nailed  on  pole  at  intervals  of  about  18 
inches  to  serve  as  steps.  Set  pole  in  open 
field  or  some  place  where  hawks  frequent 
most  (no  bait  is  needed),  and  if  your  trap 
is  set  very  light  every  hawk  that  flies  to 
your  trap  is  sure  to  get  caught.  As  hawks 
fly  to  poles  and  such  things,  it  is  an  easy 
matter  to  catch  them  in  this  way.  I  have 
caught  a  good  many  this  way.  Of  course 
In  the  Spring  and  when  insectivorous  birds 
are  about  it  is  wiser  to  keep  your  trap  out 
of  commission,  as  these  birds  are  very  val¬ 
uable,  but  during  Fall  and  Winter  you  can 
catch  a  good  many  hawks,  thereby  decreas¬ 
ing  the  number.  I  do  not  claim  this  to  be 
any  patent  of  mine  and  hope  that  any  read¬ 
ers  of  The  R.  Y.  N.  who  are  troubled  with 
these  pests  will  set  one  up,  even  if  only  as 
an  experiment.  J.  D. 

Middlesex  Co.,  N.  J. 

Begin  in  a  Small  Way. 

In  spite  of  repeated  warnings,  a  great 
many  people  are  being  taken  in  by  the  wide¬ 
spread  advertising  of  many  of  the  new  “sys¬ 
tems”  of  poultry  keeping,  with  their  catchy 
promises  of  enormous  profits,  and  will  rush 
into  the  business  this  Spring,  only  to  be 
grievously  disappointed  later  on.  It  seems 
that  inexperienced  people  can  easily  be  in¬ 
duced  to  believe  that  the  raising  of  poultry 
requires  no  preparation,  and  that  anyone 
may  go  into  it  and  raise  hundreds  of  chick¬ 
ens  and  thousands  of  dollars,  with  very  lit¬ 
tle  labor  or  capital.  As  a  consequence  nine- 
tenths  at  least  of  those  who  take  up  the 
chicken  business  each  year  have  the  same 
story  of  failure  and  disappointment  to  tell. 
The"  notion  that  poultry  keeping  must  be 
commenced  on  a  large  scale,  with  incubators 
and  brooders  in  order  to  be  profitable  is  at 
the  bottom  of  most  of  these  failures.  If 
every  beginner  would  learn  Nature’s  way  of 
hatching  with  a  few  hens  before  attempting 
to  master  the  difficulties  of  the  artificial 
methods,  there  would  be  much  money  saved 
and  many  more  chickens  raised.  It  is  the 
small  poultry  plant  well  managed  that  pays 
the  largest  return  upon  the  time  and  labor 
and  money  invested. 

wm.  a.  FISHER. 


A  Commuter's  Hens. — I  have  found  old- 
fashioned  wooden  hoppers  holding  one-third 
bag  of  oyster  shells,  one  for  same  quantity 
charcoal,  one  for  wheat  bran,  one  for  cut 
clover  beat  all  the  new-fangled  contraptions. 
It’s  the  eight-day  clock  versus  the  wind- 
evory  -24-hour  kind.  Supply  fresh  water 
and  sprouted  oats  daily.  Wheat  and  oats 
thrown  on  a  sandy  or  fine  gravel  floor  in 
the  morning  and  a  pail  of  whole  corn  put  in 
at  night  to  be  removed  when  stock  has 
eaten  enough  and  go  back  to  roost.  I  use 
coarse  sifted  beef  scraps,  sweet  and  of  light 
brown  color,  and  somewhat  oily  when  taken 
in  hand.  High  protein  scraps  recommended 
by  experiment  stations  my  fowls  do  not 
relish.  I  am  through  with  buying  the  fine 
powdered  article  which  is  wasted  by  the 
hens  in  hunting  for  the  large  pieces,  and 
no  more  of  the  brands  with  that  pungent, 
obnoxious,  fertilizer  odor.  I  have  abun¬ 
dance  of  eggs  throughout  the  year,  though 
giving  week  days  but  a  few  minutes’  at¬ 
tention  night  and  morning.  A  commuter 
can  get  good  results  and  still  catch  his  train. 
Special  rations  and  mashes  never  appealed 
to  me.  If  bought  mixed  we  are  not  sure 
of  what  is  being  fed,  and  if  we  mix  it  our¬ 
selves  there  is  considerable  extra  work, 
which  to  my  mind  is  without  corresponding 
benefit.  My  stock  live,  thrive,  produce  and 
cackle  merrily  in  the  open-front-no-yard 
house  the  year  round.  f.  h.  p. 

Open  'Front  Houses. — nave  any  of  your 
readers  had  any  experience  with  open-air 
poultry  houses  having  other  than  south  or 
southeast  exposures?  I  have  a  strip  of  land 
20x100,  upon  which  I  would  like  to  erect 
a  Winter  laying  house  65  feet  long  and  a 
35-foot  brooder  house,  the  front  facing 
southwest.  I  would  prefer  a  curtain  front, 
no  glass  house  for  the  layers,  but  in  all 
descriptions  I  have  read  a  southerly  or 
southeast  exposure  is  recommended.  Would 
a  southeast  exposure  be  a  serious  defect 
for  such  houses,  and  if  so,  what  style  of 
house  would  you  recommend?  With  a  south¬ 
west  exposure  the  houses  would  be  flooded 
with  sunlight  all  day  after  about  9 :30  a. 
m.  in  Winter.  Prevailing  winds  are  from 
the  west  at.  this  season  of  the  year. 

New  Jersey.  John  beet. 

R.  N.-Y. — Let  us  hear  from  experienced 
hen  men. 


Cracklings  for  Hens 

I  try  out  the  oil  from  beef  fat  and  have 
quite  an  amount  of  cracklings  left.  These 
cracklings  are  valuable  for  chicken  food : 
can  you  tell  me  if  they  would  be  more  valu¬ 
able  for  fertilizer?  I  have  a  farm  that  is 
somewhat  run  down  and  want  to  fertilize  it 
as  much  as  possible.  o.  J.  w. 

New  York. 

These  cracklings  are  better  as  poultry 
food  than  as  fertilizer.  We  should  feed 
them  all.  _ _ 

Litter  for  Hens. 

What  is  the  best  litter  to  use  for  hens? 
We  have  a  number  of  hens  that  are  crop 
bound.  They  have  grit,  shells  and  charcoal 
before  them  all  the  time,  besides  being  on 
a  gravel  floor.  We  uso  oat  straw  for  litter 
and  I  think  this  is  the  trouble.  w.  a.  b. 

From  choice  we  should  use  buckwheat 
hulls.  Dry  forest  leaves  are  good.  We 
use  dry  corn  cobs  crushed  quite  fine  in  the 
feed  grinder.  We  do  not  like  long  straw. 

A  Big  Egg. 

I  would  like  to  know  what  your  poultry 
writers  think  about  an  egg  laid  by  an  eight 
months  old  pullet  (Single  Comb  White  Leg¬ 
horn)  that  weighed  over  four  ounces  and 
measured  6y2  inches  the  small  way  and 
814  inches  the  long  way  around.  Can  any 
of  you  egg  men  beat  it?  It  was  laid  about 
the  middle  of  January.  B.  w.  b. 

Port  Jervis,  N.  Y. 

R.  N.-Y.— This  will  pass  as  “big  egg”  until 
eome  hen  beats  it  and  her  owner  reports. 
Save  the  shell  of  that  egg  as  evidence  ! 


Removes 
Shoe  Boils 

Sloan’s  Liniment  is  the  best  remedy  for 
Spavin,  Curb  or  Splint,  Stiff  Joints,  Shqe 
Boils,  and  any  enlargement. 

HERE’S  PROOF. 

Mr.  Anthony  (J.  Hi yer,  of  Oakdale,  Pa.,  R.  F.  D.  1, 
writes :  —  “  Sloan’s  l.iniment  is  the  best  made.  I  have 
taken  shoe  boils  off  a  horse  with  it  as  big  as  a  water 
bucket.  I  have  killed  a  quarter  crack  on  a  mare  that 
was  awfully  bad.  1  also  cured  a  sore  neck  on  three 
horses  that  were  raw.  I  cured  greeoe  heel  on  a  mare 
that  could  hardly  walk.  I  have  told  lot*  of  people 
about  it  and  they  have  used  it.” 

SLOANS 

LINIMENT 

At  all  dealers.  Price,  50c.  and  $1.00.  Send  for  free  book 
on  care  of  stock.  Dr.Alnrl  S.  Sloan,  Boston,  Muss. 


Your  FATHERS 

uncles,  older  brothers  and 
MAYBE  YOU 
Bawourad.inthesecolumns 
Twenty  Odd  Years  Ago 
bought  the  CHARTER  and  It 
Is  in  use  yet.  Record  ? 
Want  our  Catalog  9  State 
Power  needs. 

Gasoline.  Kerosene,  etc. 
Charter  Gas  Engine  Co..  P.  0.  Box  26,  Sterling,  111.,  U.S.  A 


mss** 

i—  • - 

(E 

IE 

For  Farm,  Shop  and  Home 

Runs  perfectly  on  kerosene,  gasoline, 
distillate,  any  fuel  oil.  Hundred  less 
parts.  Patent  throttle  gives  three  en¬ 
gines  for  price  of  one.  Single  spark 
ignition  saves  75%  battery  cost.  Force 
feed  lubricator-perfect  oiling.  Double 
duty  tank  revo-  We  Pay  the  Freight 
lutionizes  cooling  sys¬ 
tems.  Automobile  muffler 
Ball  bearing  governor., 

Starts  instantly,  no 
pre-heating,  no  crank.’ 

Experience  unneces 
sary  Women  can  op- 
erate.  Mounted  on  , 
ekids  or  trucks  Vib¬ 
ration  e  1  i  ni  i  n  a  i  od. 

Conies  complete,  test¬ 
ed.  r  ea  d  y  to  run 
Twice  as  good  at  half 
the  price. 

Free  Trial 

No  obligation  till  *atis» 
fied  10-year  guarantee. 

)  “ Enrjine  Facts1'  free; 
write  for  it  NOW  _ 

ELLIS  ENGINE  C07 
Mullatt  St.,  Datrait.  Mick 


Your  3  Meals  Mean  Less 
Than  These  New  Books 

Just  one  money-saving  idea,  from  the  1653  topics  in  these  nine  brand- 
new  books,  will  show  you  how  to  add  dollars  upon  dollars  to  the  value 
of  your  property.  Send  today.  Your  books  are  waiting.  Know  the 
facts  that  will  make  your  work  easier — and  yield  more  money  besides. 


Book  No.  1 

Tells  how  two  men  made 
•'•8.41  per  Hen  p.r  Y..r” 

—explicit  directions  fol¬ 
lowed  by  Edward  and 
Gardner  Corning,  the  ex¬ 
pert  poultiymen,  236  sub¬ 
jects,  25  clear  illustrations, 
all  condensed  into  61  pages. 

Book  No.  2 

The  man  that  owns,  uses, 
buys,  or  lores  a  horse, 
needs“Hor».  Secrets, "by 

Professor  A  lexander,  De¬ 
partment  of  Horse  Breed¬ 
ing,  University  of  Wiscon¬ 
sin.  Full  of  horse  sense. 

Book  No.  3 

From  amateur  to  expert, 
and  how  you,  too,  can  suc¬ 
ceed  in  the  egg  business  is 
told  in  ilie  "Million  Egg 
Farm”  book.  238  subjects 
treated  in  detail,  47  cuts. 

Book  No.  4 

One  man  sold  a  810,000  cow 
for  ?85  because  ho  bad 
never  seen  our  book, 

"Half  a  Ton  of  Butter  por 
Cow  por  Year."  Get  it, 

and  know  how  much  cows 
are  worth. 

Book  No.  5 

Michael  K,  Boyer  knows 
the  poultry  business  from 
A.  to  Z.  He  spent  years 
in  gathering  and  testing 
these  "Poultry  Secret,.” 
They  are  worth  hundreds 
of  dollars  to  you.  65  sub¬ 
jects  covered  comprehen¬ 
sively,  tersely,  honestly. 

Book  No.  6 

“A  good  garden  saves 
doctor  bills,  drives  away 
the  blues,  sweetens  the 
home  and  puts  gold  in  thy 
purse”— 213  subjects  cov¬ 
ered  by  Jacob  Biggie. 
Inimitably  interesting  and 
informing.  49  pictures. 

Book  No.  7 

"Corn  Secrets,"  by  Prof. 

I’.  G.  Holden,  the  corn- 
belt  authority.  143  impor¬ 
tant  points  covered — 104 
illustrations.  This  is  per¬ 
haps  the  most  accurate 
corn  manual  written. 

Book  No.  8 

Free  courses  in  agricul¬ 
ture  are  fully  described  in 
our  now  first  aid  to  pros¬ 
pective  farmers,  “Shall  I 
Farm” — 232  subjects,  a 
few  good  pictures,  64 
pages,  long  wearing  cover, 
complete  index — a  book 
full  of  commonsense. 

Book  No.  9 

"The  Curtiss  Poultry 
Book"  covers  226  subjects, 
written  by  a  pioneer  in 
the  poultry  business.  Six 
indispensable  formulas 
for  feed  mixing. 


Here  are  other  folks’  experi¬ 
ences — how  they  got  more  re¬ 
sults  for  less  work.  You  can 
do  as  they  did.  Pick  out  your 
books  right  now.  Perhaps 
never  before  has  such  a  valu¬ 
able  and  easily  read  set  of  farm 
books  been  published — you 
need  them — get  them  at 
once.  See  descriptions  in 
left-hand  column. 

These  nine  books,  printed 
from  large  type  and  easy  to 
read,  are  crowded  with  boiled- 
down  facts  that  you  can  use 
everyday.  They  tell  not  only 
how  others  have  raised  poultry 
and  eggs,  and  made  money  at 
it,  but  how  you  can  do  it,  too — 
how  you  can  get  bigger  profits 
from  your  cows,  whether  you 
have  two  or  twenty— how  you  can 
be  sure  you’re  getting  a  square 
deal  in  a  horse  trade — how  you 
can  grow  more  corn  from  every 
hill— how  you  can  make  a  io  x  20 
garden  yield  as  much  as  most  folks 
get  from  a  20  x  40  plot. 

All  these  things  and  many  more 
are  told.  These  books  are  the 
cream  of  the  life  experience  of 
experts.  They  are  absolutely 
authentic  —  or  Farm  Journal 
wouldn’t  offer  them  to  you. 

Get  your  set  now;  profit  by  all 
these  other  folks’  efforts.  They’re 
enjoying  the  results  of  their  money¬ 
saving  efforts — so  can  you.  Just 
use  the  coupon  below. 

Why  You  Need 
Farm  Journal 

Farm  Journal  is  printed  for  those 
who  want  to  know  about  flowers 
aud  vegetables,  poultry,  dogs  and 
other  pets,  horses  a'nd  cows,  crops, 
good  roads,  building  and  odd  jobs, 
improvements  around  the  place. 
It  has  home  doctoring  hints,  dress¬ 
making  helps,  ideas  for  an  eve¬ 
ning’s  fun,  cookery  suggestions— 
why  there  isn’t  anything  worth 
while  it  doesn’t  have. 

Farm  Journal  is  the  only  paper  of 
its  kind  in  the  world.  It  helps  the 
amateur  and  the  expert.  It  helps 
the  man  or  woman  who  cultivates 
a  square  rod  or  a  square  mile. 
Farm  Journal  believes  in  clean 
fence  rows,  sharp  tools,  and  the 
101  little  conveniences  that  go  to 
make  a  happy  family.  Take  ad¬ 
vantage  of  this  offer  now. 


What 

Readers 

Say: 

EAST 

Frank  Wolfe,  N.  Y.—  “Our 
people  have  learned  to 
call  Farm  Journal,  ‘the 
monthly  sunshine,’  ” 

A.  S.  Austin,  N.  Y. — “Once 
read,  Farm  Journal  is 
hard  to  do  without.” 

M.  E.  W.  King,  Del- 
“The  books  came  all  right. 
I  like  them  and  think  I 
shall  learn  a  great  deal 
from  the  study  of  each 
one.” 

E.  A.  Nichols,  Mass.— “I 
received  the  Garden  Book 
and  Almanac  and  am  very 
much  pleased  with  them.” 
Mrs.  C.  M.  Spalding, 
Conn. — “I  have  been  an 
appreciative  reader  of 
Farm  Journal  for  25  years 
and  have  a  paid-up  sub¬ 
scription  for  the  next  16 
years.” 

WEST 

F.  J.  Carrol,  Ohio— “Let 
me  say  that  am  most  hap¬ 
pily  disappointed  in  Farm 
Journal.  I  expected  to  be 
‘stung,’  but  discover  it  to 
be  the  only  really  helpful 
paper  for  the  farm  that  I 
have  vet  seen.” 

Mrs.  Mary  L.  Perry.  Ill.— 
“More  in  one  column  than 
most  others  in  a  whole 
page.” 

W.  F.  Hildebrecht,  Ohio— 
“I  consider  your  paper  so 
valuable  that  my  sub¬ 
scription  is  paid  to  Deo. 
1917.” 

NORTH 

Robert  I,.  Haddock,  Minn. 
—“The  October  number 
just  received.  I  would 
not  take  a  dollar  for  it.” 
S.  Moore,  Sask.— “Every 
home  in  the  West  should 
have  Farm  Journal.” 

SOUTH 

W.  H.  Panzer,  Tenn.— 
“Fivo  farm  papers  come 
to  our  home,  but  Farm 
Journal  is  the  best.” 
Andrew  J.  Shipor,  Va.— 
“Farm  Journal  is  not  like 
any  other  farm  paper,  but 
far  better  and  more  inter¬ 
esting.” 

James  Trotter,  Tenn. — “I 
like  Farm  Journal  for  its 
plain  facts.” 


How  to  Get  the  Three  Books  You  Pick  Out 

Use  the  coupon  or  write  a  letter,  enclosing  a  dollar  bill  or  a  money  order  or  even  stamps 
(we  take  all  the  risk,  remember)— and  the  3  books  you  select  will  be  shipped,  fully  prepaid 
and  your  name  entered  for  Farm  Journal  until  January  1,  1913.  If  you  care  for  only  one 
book,  send  only  fifty  cents— 
you  get  all  these  splendidly 
helpful  issues  of  Farm  Jour¬ 
nal  in  either  case.  You  can 
have  all  your  money  back, 
if  not  satisfied.  Additional 
books,  20c  each. 


REWARD  FOR  PROMPTNESS 

A  copy  of  the  latest  revised  1911 
edition  of  “Poor  Richard’s  Al¬ 
manac,”  48  pages,  will  be  in¬ 
cluded  with  every  $1  order — as 
long  as  the  Almanacs  last. 
Hurry  your  order  along. 


SPECIAL  MONEY  BACK  COUPON 

Farm  Journal,  130  Clifton  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Enclosed  is  81.00.  Please  send  me  books  Nos . . . 

and  Farm  Journal  until  January  1st,  1913 — also  the  Almanac  if 
1  am  in  time. 


Name... _ _ 

P.  O . R.  F.  D. 

County. . State 


AIR  COOLED  ENGINE 

Some  “NEW  WAY”  Features. 

1.  Cools  perfectly  by  air  only. 

2.  No  water  used— no  water  jacket. 

3.  Only  one  oiler  to  oil. 

4.  No  packing— no  pump. 

5.  No  ignitor— no  needle  valve. 

6.  All  working  parts  enclosed. 

7.  Five  riston  rings— ground  cylinder. 

8.  Light  weight— 110  vibration. 


THi'MefcWacf' 

AIR  COOLED  ENGINE 

Is  carefully  designed  and  built 
for  all  kinds  of  farm  work 
YOU  CAN  SAVE  ON 

1.  Gasoline. 

2.  Engine  oil. 

3.  Repairs. 

4.  Time  and  trouble  with  a 
“ NEW  WAY  "  AIR  COOLED. 

Ask  for  Catalog  No.  5. 

Tai:~NeirW&rMmR  Commr 
'Lansing.  Michigan.  U.S.  A 

140  SHERIDAN  STREET 


*\  A  small,  light,  noiseless,  ( cut  gears  make  it 

V  noiseless)  durable  gasaline  engine 


>  A  small,  light,  noiseless,  [cut  gear 
V  noiseless)  durable  gasaline  engine 
t&V.  for  pumping  water - 

\  IMP  Jr. 


NO  !ANt< 

no  "Fan 
no  “Freezing 

The  Big  Little 
Farm  Worker 


Absolutely  self-contained  — -  you  see  it.  all  in  picture  —  can 

\ detach  it  from  pumping  jack  in  five  minutes  to  do  your 
other  power  work  on  farm. 

1  Easy  to  start — easy  to  operate — easy  to  understand. 

\Free  Novo  Engine  Book  Upon  Request 
Four  Sizes  r— Novo  Jr. — 2%,  3A  and 5  H.  P. 

C.  E.  BEMENT,  HILDRETH  MFG.  CO. 

Sec'y  and  Gen’l  Mgr.  JR,  Willow  St.,  Lansing,  Mich 


_ 


1911 


THE  RUR.AI*  NEW-YORKER 


1261 


Calendar 
1911 - 1912 


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have  to  do  is  to  mix  it  with 
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240  Page  Book  On 
Silos  and  Silage 


I0‘ 


Most  complete  work  on  this  subject 
published.  Used  as  text  book  by 
many  Agricultural  Colleges.  Gives 
the  facts  about  Modern  Silage  Meth¬ 
ods— tells  just  what  you  want  to 
know.  240  pages— indexed— over  40 
illustrations,  a  vast  amount  of  useful  infor 
mation  boiled  down  for  the  practical  farmer 
2m11s  „H.°w  to  Make  Silage”— “How  to  Feed 
Silage”—  How  to  Build  Silos”— "How  to  Main¬ 
tain  Soil  Fertility  by  Silage  System.”  A11  about 
Summer  Silos”  and  the  Use  of  Silage  in  Beel 
Production.  Limited  Revised  and  Enlarged 
Edition  now  ready.  Send  for  your  copy  before 
too  late.  Enclose  10c  in  coin  or  postage  stamps 
and  mention  this  paper. 

Silver  Manufacturing  Co„  Salem,  Ohio 


Silo  Profits  Book  Free 


Proves  that  you  lose  big  profits  till  you  get  a 
Lansing  Silo.  Head  what  Experiment  Sta¬ 
tions  say.  lteadaboutsuperiorma- 
terlals  we  use.  Then  you’ll 
know  why  mosteareful, money- 
making  farmers  have  chosen 


p88S 


Lansing  Silos 

Made  of  Soft  Cork  Pine  and  7  other  good 
woods.  Steel  Hoops  end  Drew  Lugs,  Continu¬ 
ous  Doorwey ,  with  Ladder  Front.  Many  other 
important  advantages.  Booat  your  profits.  Start 
at  once.  Mail  postal  now  for  our  book.  Address 

Severance  Tank  &  Silo  Co., 

*  329  Lansing,  Mich. 


Dept. 


THE  UNADILLA  SILO 

Is  superior  to  any  other  offered. 
A  practical  Silo  for  a  sensible 
farmer.  Write  for  our 
“TWENTY-FIVE  REASONS” 
why  it  is  the  best. 

We  also  manufacture  Farm 
Water  Tubs  and  are  New  Eng¬ 
land  representatives  for  Papec 
Cutters  and  are  in  position  to 
quote  low  prices  upon  receipt  of 
inquiry.  Extra  discount  for 
early  orders.  Agents  wanted. 

THE  UNADILLA  SILO  CO.,  Inc.,  Box  B,  Unadlila,  N.  T. 


MILZL 

New  York  exchange  price  $1.81  per  40- 
quart  can,  netting  3%  cents  to  shipper  in 
26-cent  zone  who  have  no  additional  sta¬ 
tion  charges. 


The  sale  is  announced  of  the  seven- 
weeks  old  bull  calf  Aaggie  Cornucopia  to 
W.  M.  Miner,  of  Chazy,  N.  Y.,  for  $10,000. 
The  calf’s  dam  is  the  champion  Aaggie 
Cornucopia  Pauline,  sire  Colantha  Johanna 
Lad,  both  owned  by  D.  W.  Field,  of  Brock¬ 
ton,  Mass.  Mr.  Field  paid  $8,000  for  Co¬ 
lantha  Johanna  Lad. 


I  am  much  interested  in  your  “Milk” 
column,  as  that  is  my  business  here.  In 
fac„  northeastern  Ohio  is  adapted  to  dairy¬ 
ing  more  than  anything  else.  Milk  is  be¬ 
ing  contracted  here  by  milkmen  at  13  cents 
fron.  May  1  to  October  1  and  15  cents 
from  October  to  May  per  gallon.  It  retails 
for  seven  cents  now  and  all  our  agreements 
with  milkmen  are  on  six  cents  basis  this 
Summer,  and  if  they  keep  it  up  to  seven 
cents  retail  this  Summer  tney  pay  us  15 
cents,  same  as  in  Winter.  Cream  is  only 
65  cents  for  24  per  cent,  so  milk  is  the 
most  profitable  here,  although  there  is  a 
creamery  in  Conneaut  that  pays  Elgin 
prices  for  butter  fat  and  gets  quite  a  little 
back  from  railroad  wtiere  it  cannot  be 
handled  every  day.  They  run  a  wagon  out 
twice  a  week  and  collect  it.  All  cows  are 
grades.  Ilolsteins  predominating,  no  pure¬ 
bred  cattle  here  at  all.  Fresh  cows  high, 
$40  to  $75,  according  to  quality,  r.  h.  t. 

Ashtabula  Co.,  O. 


The  supply  of  milk  for  the  Boston  mar¬ 
ket  is  very  short,  the  present  Winter,  some 
cars  only  carrying  half  a  load.  In  this 
vicinity  several  large  dairies  are  selling 
out  their  cows,  some  at  auction,  others  at 
private  sale.  At  one  auction  several  cows 
sold  for  between  $80  and  $90.  Heifers  to 
drop  first  calf  in  two  to  four  months  sold 
around  $40  each,  and  some  even  better. 
Most  of  these  people  have  not  sold  their 
places,  but  are  going  to  drop  the  milk  pro¬ 
ducing  business  for  a  time,  or  until  the 
situation  looks  better.  They  will  sell  hay 
chiefly  for  a  year  or  two,  and  raise  chickens 
and  pigs  to  some  extent.  Hay  at  one  of 
these  sales  brought  $18  per  ton  in  the 
barn,  and  as  there  was  supposed  to  be  about 
50  tons,  this  made  quite  a  handsome  fig¬ 
ure,  probably  more  than  it  would  have  re¬ 
turned  in  milk,  and  far  less  trouble.  The 
contractors  are  finding  all  the  fault  they 
can,  and  occasionally  throwing  off  a  dairy 
to  scare  the  rest.  The  Whitings,  one  of 
the  largest  milk  contracting  firms  in  the 
city,  have  purchased  or  leased  the  St.  Al¬ 
bans  creamery  in  Vermont.  The  territory 
adjacent  and  contributory  to  this  is  very 
large  and  is  said  to  De  able  or  can  be 
brought  to  produce  about  ten  carloads  of 
milk  a  day,  which,  under  the  Whitings  rule, 
may  be  at  any  time  needed,  turned  into  the 
Boston  market.  The  Hoods  have  for  some 
time  been  getting  more  territory  in  northern 
Vermont,  New  Hampshire  and  western 
Maine.  Everything  seems  to  be  working 
to  decrease  the  supply  in  Massachusetts. 
Secretary  Wilson  in  his  annual  report  of 
crops  mentions  milk,  and  states  that  in  the 
78  cities  investigated  by  the  Department, 
the  farmer  receives  scant  50  per  cent  of 
the  price  paid  by  the  consumer.  From  Bos¬ 
ton  milk  the  farmer  certainly  does  receive 
a  scant  50  per  cent.  Common  milk  sells 
at  9  and  10  cents  per  quart,  of  which  the 
farmer  receives  from  4  to  4%  cents  on  the 
average,  if  he  goes  not  get  any  cuts.  Spe¬ 
cial  milk  sells  at  12  and  15  cents.  E.  P. 


DE  LAVAL 

an  honest  capacity 

Cream  Separator 

All  separators  are  rated  at  so  many  pounds 
of  whole-milk  per  hour. 

DE  LAYAL  machines  range  in  capacity  from 

1350  to  135  pounds  of  whole- 
milk  per  hour,  and  the  price 
depends  largely  upon  capacity. 

We  make  the  claim  that 
under  any  and  all  conditions 
a  DE  LAYAL  machine  rated 
at  450  pounds  capacity  will 
skim  as  much  whole-milk  in 
an  hour  as  auy  “would-be” 
competitive  machine  rated  at 
600  pounds  per  hour,  and  we 
have  proved  this  statement  so 
often  in  actual  contests,  that  it  has  come  to  be 
an  accepted  fact  by  all  well-informed  dairymen. 

Every  DE  LAYAL  separator  is  tested  for 
capacity  before  it  leaves  the  factory,  and  we 
guarantee  every  machine  to  separate  its  full 
rated  capacity. 

Before  you  buy  a  Cream  Separator 
See  and  try  a  DE  LAVAL 

Have  one  set  up  at  your  house  and  test  it 
alongside  of  any  other  machine  you  like  for 
capacity,  cleanness  of  skimming  and  ease  of 
operation.  We  don’t  ask  you  to  buy  a 
DE  LAVAL  upon  “claims.”  We  do  ask  you 
to  be  sure  and  give  it  a  trial  before  you 
purchase  any  separator. 

Catalog  and  full  particulars  of  our  “free  trial 
plan”  gladly  mailed  upon  application. 


The  Foley  Milk  Commission  Bill. 

Last  week  we  referred  to  a  bill  at  Al¬ 
bany  to  establish  a  milk  commission.  This 
is  Assembly  bill  375,  and  was  introduced 
by  Mr.  Foley.  From  its  title  the  bill  pro¬ 
vides  for  the  regulation  and  control  of 
dealers  in  milk,  and  has  little  if  anything 
to  do  with  the  producer.  There  are  to  be 
three  members  of  the  commission  appointed 
by  the  Governor,  by  and  with  advice  and 
consent  of  the  Senate.  The  Governor  may 
remove  any  commissioner  for  inefliciency, 
neglect  of  duty  or  misconduct  in  oince. 
The  commission  is  to  supervise  the  sale  of 
milk  in  the  cities  of  the  first  class,  which 
means  New  York,  Buffalo  and  -Rochester. 
The  commissioners  to  receive  $5,000  per- 
year,  with  actual  expenses  reimbursed.  The 
commission  has  power  to  call  witnesses,  to 
compel  them  to  testify,  and  can  examine 
the  books  and  papers  of  anyone  engaged 
in  the  sale  of  milk.  Their  powers  are 
clearly  defined  as  a  general  supervision  of 
all  milk  dealers  and  of  present  corporations 
engaged  in  the  business  of  buying,  selling 
or  delivering  milk  or  in  the  milk  business 
in  the  three  cities  named.  The  commission 
can  investigate  and  ascertain  from  time  to 
time  the  purity,  quality,  value  and  price  of 
milk.  It  has  power  to  fix  standards  of 
quality  and  purity.  It  also  has  power  to 
inquire  into  the  values  and  price  of  milk 
of  the  different  standards,  and  can  fix  the 
maximum  price  that  can  be  asked  or  de¬ 
manded  from  consumers  by  any  person  or 
persons  selling  milk  in  the  three  cities 
named.  It  may  inspect  the  property,  build¬ 
ings  or  plants  of  any  milk  dealer  or  person 
engaged  in  the  production  or  sale  of  milk, 
and  examine  all  books  and  papers  of  per¬ 
sons  thus  engaged.  It  also  has  power  to 
issue  licenses  to  milk  dealers  in  the  three 
cities.  Each  milk  dealer  must  pay  to  the 
commission  a  fee  of  $25  as  a  license  for  one 
year.  The  commission  shall  have  power  to 
revoke  or  cancel  any  license  for  a  viola¬ 
tion  of  the  law.  Complaints  as  to  quality 
and  price  of  milk  may  be  made  in  writing 
by  the  mayor  of  the  city,  the  president  of 
the  board  of  aldermen  or  by  a  consumer, 
aud  the  commission  shall  investigate  such 
complaints  for  cause.  The  bill  provides 
that  any  milk  dealer,  officer  or  agent  who 
fails  or  neglects  to  comply  with  an  order 
from  the  commission  shall  forfeit  the  sum 
of  $500.  The  bill  is  drawn  in  such  a 
way  that  the  powers  of  the  commission  ap¬ 
pear  to  be  well  defined  and  strong.  It 
will  be  noticed,  however,  that  the  bill  sim¬ 
ply  refers  to  the  price  paid  by  .the  con¬ 
sumer,  and  has  apparently  nothing  to  do 
with  the  price  which  milk  dealers  are  to 
pay  to  the  farmer  for  a  fair  quality  of 
milk.  When  the  commission  idea  was  first 
suggested  the  strongest  argument  for  it 
was  the  suggestion  that  such  a  body  should 
have  power  to  state  not  only  the  price  to 
be  paid  by  the  consumer  but  a  fair  price 
to  be  paid  to  producer.  While  this  bill  ap¬ 
parently  takes  care  of  the  consumer  in 
the  three  large  cities,  we  do  not  see  that 
the  milk  farmer  or  the  dairyman  would 
be  any  better  off  as  the  result  of  this 
law,  and  in  this  seems  to  lie  its  weakness. 


THE  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  CO. 


165-167  Broadway 
NEW  YORK 


42  E.  Madison  Stroel 
CHICACO 


Drumm  &  Sacramento  Sis. 
SAN  FRANCISCO 


173-177  William  Straat 
MONTREAL 


14  a  16  Prfncesa  Street 
WINNIPEG 


IOI6  Western  Avenue 
SEATTLE 


GREEN  MOUNTAIN 

SILOS 

Three  bearings  all  around 
each  door  like  a  safe  or  re¬ 
frigerator  door.  Hoops  are 
stronger  than  others.  Staves, 
doors  and  fronts  soaked  in 
preservative  If  you  wish. 

Green  Mountain  Silos  differ 
from  other  round  silos. 

Free  catalogue  gives  details. 

Post  card  will  bring  it. 

..CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MFG.  CO., 
338  West  Street,  Rutland,  Vt. 


m ROSS  SILO 


The  only  thoroughly  manufactured 
Silo  on  tho  market.  Full  length  stave. 
Continuous  door  frame  complete  with 
ladder.  Triple  beveled  silo  door  with 
hinges.  Equipped  witn  extra  heavy 
hoops  at  bottom. 

AIR  TIGHT 

Makes  winter  feed  equal  to  June 
grass.  THE  ROSS  will  more  than  pay 
for  itself  in  one  season.  Write  to¬ 
day  for  catalog  which  gives  facts  that 
■Will  save  you  money.  Agonts  wanted. 

The  E.  W.  lioss  Co.(Est.l850) 

’  **  Si'KI.NU FIELD.  OHIO 


AJAX  FLAKES 

The  World's  Record  Feed 

Is  the  Greatest  Milk  Producer  and  Most 
Economical  Dairy  Feed  on  the  Market. 

The  Facts  About  Ajax  Flakes  are ; — 

It  holds  the  highest  digestible  analysis  of  all  feeds. 
It  contains  31  per  cent  protein  and  11  per  cent  fat. 

It  surpasses  all  other  feeds  in  food  value. 

It  holds  more  World’s  records  for  production  of  milk 
and  butterfat  than  any  other  feed. 

What  AJAX  has  done  for  hundreds  of  others,  it 
will  do  for  you. 

Write  for  booklet  and  full  particulars. 

CHAPIN  &  CO.,  Dept  A,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


252 


THE  RURAE  NEW-YORKEK 


February  25. 


A  MINER  AND  HIS  FARM. 

He  Digs  Out  a  Home. 

Part  II. 

At  the  time  I  made  the  raid  on  that 
sale  I  had  bought  a  mowing  machine 
and  hay  rake,  for  I  had  seen  on  other 
farms  the  tall  Timothy  and  clover  fall¬ 
ing  over  as  the  machine  went  through 
it.  Alas!  where  was  mine?  I  failed  to 
locate  it.  This  farm  had  been  rented 
for  a  number  of  years,  and  there  was 
not  enough  grass  on  it  to  feed  a  goat. 
It  was  then  too  late  to  plant  anything 
for  the  next  year  as  far  as  I  knew,  but 
all  good  things  come  to  him  who  waits 
and  keeps  his  wits  about  him.  I  had 
the  porn  worked,  the  potatoes  dug  and 
sold,  all  but  a  few,  enough  for  us.  A 
man  came  here  in  August  to  buy  a  horse 
and  a  mowing  machine.  I  suddenly 
remembered  that  I  had  a  note  to  meet 
in  a  couple  of  months,  $162.30.  I  still 
had  the  mortgage  with  interest,  but  like 
Marlborough,  I  held  it  like  he  did  his 
cavalry,  in  reserve,  to  fall  back  on.  We 
dickered  on  the  horse  awhile,  but  the 
machine  and  rake  I  gave  him  at  his  own 
price.  I  realized  a  profit  of  $41  on  the 
outfit,  beside  the  use  of  the  horse;  the 
others  I  had  no  use  for  at  that  time.  I 
then  went  and  settled  my  note  of  the 
sale.  A  cow  came  fresh ;  I  sold  her 
then,  paying  my  $60  interest  and  still 
had  two  cows,  chickens  and  10  little 
pigs  beside  the  four  old  ones.  The  corn 
I  got  in  and  put  into  an  old  crib  which 
was  set  on  the  ground.  What  a  nice 
lot  of  corn  I  had,  never  had  so  much 
since,  but  I  had  reckoned  without  my 
host,  for  I  had  a  few  rats,  and  in  a 
short  time  I  think  I  had  a  million.  I 
trapped  some  and  poisoned  some  until 
the  stench  in  and  around  that  crip  was 
abominable.  Another  grand  job  I  had 
to  finish  up  my  first  year.  I  had  no  hay, 
but  had  lots  of  fodder,  very  large  fod¬ 
der  at  that.  I  fed  that  in  the  barn,  and 
such  a  job  cleaning  out  that  old  stable. 
I  was  still  working,  and  am  yet,  in  the 
mine,  so  the  next  February  I  bought 
another  horse  and  built  a  sled  and  un¬ 
dertook  to  haul  the  manure;  stalks  10 
and  12  feet  in  length  and  frozen  at 
that.  At  that  time  I  had  learned  a 
little  through  the  hard  school  of  ex¬ 
perience,  and  was  also  a  subscriber  to 
The  R.  N.-Y.  The  next  year  I  planted 
100  peach  trees,  20  apples,  20  plums  and 
25  cherries,  and  planted  three  acres  of 
corn.  In  the  corn  that  year  I  planted 
Red  and  Alsike  clover  and  cut  the  stalks 
close  to  the  ground.  Some  people  say 
it  is  too  hard  on  the  back,  but  I  am 
used  to  bending,  and  it  pays  me.  I  mow 
it  the  next  Summer  and  have  done  it 
every  year  since,  and  never  failed  to 
get  a  good  catch.  Last  year  I  planted 
in  the  orchard  corn  and  Cow-horn  tur¬ 
nips.  They  are  there  yet,  and  will  be 
as  good  as  a  coat  of  manure.  I  also 
have  one-quarter  acre  of  Alfalfa  grow¬ 
ing,  and  it  looks  good.  It  was  planted 
in  the  corn  in  July.  I  also  have  use 
for  a  mowing  machine  now,  which  I  al¬ 
ways  use  early ;  I  have  far  more  hay 
than  I  need  for  my  own  use,  but  I  am 
farming  only  what  little  I  can  of  this 
yet.  The  boy  is  only  11  years  old,  but 
I  am  getting  what  I  do  farm  in  very 
good  shape.  I  also  fenced  the  place, 
line  fences  and  all,  since  I  came  here, 
and  built  a  side  to  the  barn.  The  piece 
I  built  is  26x18,  two  stories ;  new  corn- 
crib,  rat-proof,  wagon  shed  and  poultry 
house. 

I  learned  how  to  graft  and  have 
grafted  65  trees,  Baldwin  and  Northern 
Spy  mostly,  and  planted  350  more 
peaches  and  other  kind  of  fruit,  and  if  I 
live  am  not  done  yet.  The  peaches  I 
planted  last  Spring,  100  in  a  block.  They 
were  all  cultivated  in  sweet  corn ;  in 
July  I  mulched  four  rows  out  of  the 
eight  rows  planted  with  great  piles  of 
weeds.  It  was  wonderful  to  see  those 
trees  grow,  and  the  foliage  on  them  was 
beautiful  dark  green.  As  to  the  poultry 
business,  we  have  tried  different  ways. 


but  concluded  to  sell  all  ours  in  early 
Fall  except  about  40,  as  we  never  got 
many  Winter  eggs  by  keeping  a  good 
many  over.  We  keep  one  breed,  the 
Barred  Rock.  We  have  a  good  market 
here  for  the  chickens  as  well  as  eggs.  I 
burned  that  mortgage  on  this  place  and 
we  all  enjoy  very  good  health  on  the 
farm  and  like  it,  but  at  one  time  you 
could  have  had  this  place  for  a  song. 
My  advice  in  going  on  a  farm  is  to  go 
slow;  take  one  or  two  things  at  a  time 
and  do  them  well.  Keep  a  few  things 
and  keep  them  well ;  keep  only  the  best 
of  what  few  you  do  keep.  I  have  had 
cow  boarders  and  scrub  hogs  and  hens ; 
they  do  not  pay,  though  I  do  not  keep 
much  stock  over  Winter.  I  buy  year¬ 
lings  and  pasture  others;  if  a  good 
looking  one  takes  my  fancy  or  I  know 
how  she  was  bred  I  breed  her;  if  desir¬ 
able  she  is  kept,  if  not  she  is  for  sale. 
Scrub  hogs  I  would  not  have  as  a  gift. 
I  admit  I  was  very  green  when  I  came 
here,  and  am  green  as  a  farmer  yet.  I 
generally  profit  by  my  mistakes.  I  have 
also  subscribed  for  eight  different  papers 
since  I  have  been  here ;  that  is,  papers 
pertaining  to  the  farm  and  fruit.  I  am 
now  a  subscriber  to  only  two,  a  farm 
monthly  and  The  R.  N.-Y.,  and  giving 
them  all  a  fair  square  deal  as  I  see  them. 
I  would  not  give  The  R.  N.-Y.  for  all 
the  rest  that  I  have  read.  That  was 
my  reason  for  sticking  to  the  best  as  I 
saw  it,  that  being  my  policy  with  every¬ 
thing  else.  Here’s  hoping  all  the  new 
farmers  will  not  make  as  many  blunders 
as  I  did  the  first  year,  and  happy  greet¬ 
ings  to  the  Hope  Farm  man  and  his 
family,  and  success  to  the  achievements 
and  the  policy  of  The  R.  N.-Y. 

Pennsylvania.  D.  w. 


Customer  (glaring  at  him)  :  “I  find  a 
piece  of  ham  in  this  apple  pie !”  Clerk 
(at  lunch  counter,  loftily)  :  “Yes,  sir. 
If  you  wish  something  that  hasn’t  got 
any  ham  in  it,  sir,  I  can  recommend 
our  ham  sandwiches,  sir. — Melbourne 
Leader. 

Caller  (trying  to  be  complimentary)  : 
“I  notice  one  interesting  thing  about 
your  little  boy.  He  is  ambidextrous.” 
Mrs.  Struckoyle  (with  a  frosty  gleam 
in  her  eye)  :  “Not  at  all,  Mr.  High- 
some.  His  legs  are  just  as  straight  as 
anybody’s.” — Credit  Lost. 


DON'T  PAY  ANYBODY— 
—MORE  THAN  WE  ASK 

Guaranteed  Results — Long  Free  Trial 

DAN  PATCH  \>\ 


Lightest  Draft  Spreader  on  the  Market,  J 
Cost  in  Horse  Flesh  in  Six  Months. 


ABSOLUTE  UNIFORM  DISTRIBUTION 

Start  right  here  with  a  postal  to  me  and  inves¬ 
tigate  my  1911  Dan  Patch  Spreader— low  factory 
prices — exclusive  features  and  longest  free  trial 
proposition  on  time  or  for  cash.  Write  the  others, 
too,  if  you  wish.  I’ll  take  all  risks.  First  a 


Postal  Gets  My  Two  Big  books  and  My 
Barnyard  Gold”  Catalogue. 


You  consider  and  compare  from  large  photo¬ 
graph  color  illustrations  all  the  actual  practical 
points— of  my  spreader  (side  by  side  in  books  or 
on  my  free  trial  on  your  place.)  Send  me  no  money 
if  you  say  so.  You  decide.  Write  M.  W.  Savage, 
President. 

THE  M.  W.  SAVAGE  FACTORIES,  Ino., 
Dept.  141  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


PH  Save  Yeas  $50 


On  a  Manure  Spreader 

You’U  Let  Me  -n 


This  is  just  a  little  ad— but  a  postal  will  bring  my  Bio 
Book — and  give  you  my  $50.00  Saving  Price  and  Special 
Proposition.  You  can  save  as  much  answering  this  little  ad¬ 
vertisement  as  if  it  coveted  a  page. 

My  Spreader  positively  will  do  better  work  and  last  longer 


than  any  Spreader  made — no  mat. 
ter  what  the  price— so  why 
more?  40,000  larme.s 
stamped  their  O.  K.  on 
my  spreader  and 
saving  price.  My 
Proposition  will  interest  you 
Just  a  postal  addressed  to  Gal¬ 
loway  of  Waterloo,  Iowa, 
bring  you  everything  postpaid, 

Will  You  Ray  a  Penny  For 
Tho  Postal  and  Save  850.00? 
Address  Wm.  Calloway,  Pres. 

W M.  CALLOWAY  CO. 

669  Cellowsy  Sta.  Waterloo,  la. 


Freight 

Paid 


CAHOON  SEED 

Saves  buying  expensive  drills.  Most 
perfect  broadcastsowerforall  grain 
and  grass  seed.  Accurate,  simple, 

durable.  Made  of  steel,  iron  and  brass.  Lasts  a  life  time. 

Saves  time,  saves  seed  and  gives  bigger  crops. 
Highest  priced  sower  made,  but  pays  for  itself  many  times  yearly.  If 
your  dealer  cannot  supply  you,  we  will  deliver  the  Cahoon  to  any 
express  office  east  of  the  Mississippi  River  on  receipt  of  $4.  Send  for 
“Seed  Sowers’  Manual;”  tells  howto  produce  bigger  crops  with 
less  seed.  It’s  Free. 

GOODELl  CO.,  14  MfilN  St  ,  ANTRIM.  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


The  Man  Behind  the  Plow 
Wants  a  Good  Fertilizer 

For  the  land’s  sake 
give  him  BOWKER’S 

Plowing1  is  hard  work.  Don’t  afterward  lose  its 
benefits  by  using-  a  poor  fertilizer.  Since  g-ood  hard 
labor  is  necessary  to  get  the  land  ready,  it  would  be 
a  pity  to  have  the  crop  fail  to  yield  its  best  at  harvest 
time  through  any  lack  of  fertility. 

Forty  years  of  experience,  prompt  service,  the 
best  materials,  the  best  facilities  are  behind  every 
bag  of  Bowker’s  Fertilizer.  We  have  a  brand  to  fit 
every  crop  and  every  pocket  book. 

We  want  agents  wherever  we  are  not  now  represented. 
Write  today  for  prices  and  terms ;  this  may  mean  a  good 
business  for  you  if  you  act  at  once. 

Write  anyhow  for  our  illustrated  catalogue  and  calendar. 

We  want  you  to  know  Bowker’s  before  you  buy  your  spring 
fertilizer. 


FERTILIZER  COMPANY, 
77  Lyman  St.,  Buffalo,  N.Y. 


BOWKER 

Original  and  largest  manufacturers  of  special  fertilizers. 


eanJbl 

•aSSMed 


“Pittsburgh  Perfect” 

Wire  Fencing  is  best  all  through. 

The  wire  is  drawn  from  a  special  quality  of  open 
THE  BEST  hearth  material — tough,  pliable,  strong,  long  lived 
WIRE  like  old-time  iron  wire.  It  is  the  finest  fencing 
wire  possible  to  manufacture. 

Galvanizing  Heavily  galvanized  by  our  own  new  and  perfect 
Perfect  process,  the  wire  is  positively  moisture-proof. 
The  fact  that 

All  Stay  Wires  and  Line  Wires  are  Electrically  Welded 

not  only  eliminates  the  weakening  and  THE  WELD 

moisture  -  gathering  wraps,  clamps 
and  ties,  but  practically  transforms 
the  fence  into  one  piece  of  perfor- 
Steel* 

Sectional  view — Amalgamation  perfect  No  *eam 

No  Waste  Wire  There  is  no  waste  wire  to  make  useless  weight; 

instead,  heavier  wire  is  used  and  all  the  weight 
NoWasteWeight  is  fence .  Stay  wires  being  of  the  same  size  as 
line  wires,  the 

“Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Fence  is  the  Strongest  in  the  World 

EVERY  ROD  GUARANTEED  PERFECT 
Catalogue  showing  73  different  styles  and  sizes,  adapted  to  every  purpose — FIELD, 
FARM,  RANCH,  LAWN,  POULTRY — Sent  free  on  request.  Sold  by  dealers  everywhere 

PITTSBURGH  STEEL  CO. 

PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

Makers  of 

“Pittsburgh  PERFECT”  brands  of  Barbed  Wire,  bright,  annealed 
and  galvanized  Wire,  Fence  Staples,  standard  Wire  Nails  and 
“Pittsburgh  PERFECT”  Fencing. 


1911 


STI-IE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


233 


FEEDING  PROBLEMS. 

Under  this  headi  gite  endeavor  to  give  advice 
and  suggestions  about  feeding  mixtures  of  grains 
and  fodders.  No  definite  rules  are  given,  but  the 
advice  is  based  upon  experience  and  average 
analyses  of  foods.  By  ‘  protein”  is  meant  the 
elements  in  the  food  which  go  to  make  muscle  or 
lean  meat.  “Carbohydrates”  comprise  the  starch, 
sugaiv  etc.,  which  make  fat  and  provide  fuel  for 
the  body,  wuile  “fat”  is  the  pnre  oil  found  in 
foods.  Dry  matter”  means  the  weight  of  actual 
food  left  in  fodder  or  grain  when  all  the  water  is 
driven  off.  A  ‘‘narrow  ration”  means  one  tn  which 
the  proportion  of  protein  to  carbohydrates  is  close 
—a  “wide”  ration  means  one  which  shows  a  larger 
proportion  of  carbonydratis. 


Rations  for  Dry  Cow  and  Heifer. 

1.  IIow  should  I  feed  a.  cow  that  Is  dry¬ 
ing  up?  2.  How  should  I  feed  a  heifer 
with  first  calf  before  she  is  due?  The 
farmers  around  here  say  I  am  feeding  too 
heavily  ;  I  should  not  give  grain,  only  hay 
and  cornstalks. 

1.  It  is  impossible  for  anyone  to  lay 
down  hard  and  fast  rules  for  feeding 
any  kind  of  live  stock,  as  so  much  de¬ 
pends  on  the  condition  the  animals  are 
in.  If  your  cow  that  is  just  drying  off 
is  in  fairly  good  condition  and  coming 
fresh  again  in  about  two  months,  which 
is  the  proper  time  for  a  cow  to  go  dry, 
I  would  not  advise  feeding  any  grain 
until  dry.  Then  start  feeding  her  from 
three  to  five  pounds  of  ground  oats  and 
wheat  bran  mixed  with  a  little  oil 
meal,  the  quantity  fed  depending 
upon  the  condition  she  is  in.  2.  I 
would  feed  the  heifer  with  first  calf 
before  she  is  due  about  the  same.  If 
she  is  fat  do  not  give  her  much  grain, 
but  be  sure  to  keep  her  well  nourished 
and  in  a  thriving  condition  at  the  time 
of  freshening.  Be  very  careful  not  to 
feed  any  heavy  concentrated  food  like 
commeal,  gluten  or  cotton  seed  before 
she  freshens,  or  within  two  weeks  there¬ 
after,  as  it  is  very  likely  to  cause  trou¬ 
ble.  C.  S.  G. 

Grain  With  Timothy. 

Could  you  give  me  a  balanced  ration  from 
the  following  feeds:  Timothy  hay  three 
times  a  day  for  roughage.  I  have  corn 
on  cob,  oats  and  buckwheat,  home  grown. 
The  following  I  can  buy :  Gluten,  $30  per 
ton  ;  old  process  oil  meal,  $38 ;  cotton-seed 
meal,  $36 ;  wheat  bran,  $25.  g.  o. 

Pennsylvania. 

Here  is  a  balanced  ration  compounded 
from  the  .feeding  stuffs  mentioned  which 
ought  to  give  you  good  satisfaction : 


Dry 

matter 

15  lbs.  Timothy  hay. 13. 00 
3  lbs.  corn  and  cob 

meal  .  2.55 

8  lbs.  ground  oats.  2.67 
2  lbs.  cotton-seed 

meal  .  1.84 

2  lbs.  O.  P.  oil  meal  1.82 
2  lbs.  gluten  feed  .  1.8 


Digestible 
Pro-  Carb. 


tein 

.42 

.132 

.276 

.744 

.586 

.464 


and  fat 
6.975 

1.995 

1.704 

.888 

.197 

1.398 


23.75 

Nutritive  ratio  1 :5.3. 


2.622  13.93 


I  have  not  included  any  buckwheat 
in  this  ration,  as  it  would  be  better  to 
sell  it  if  you  can,  and  buy  feeds  contain¬ 
ing  a  higher  percentage  of  protein.  If 
you  cannot  make  this  change  you  can 
grind  your  buckwheat  and  add  it  to  the 
ration  in  small  quantities.  You  will  find 
the  greatest  objection  to  this  ration  is 
that  you  have  nothing  but  Timothy  hay 
for  roughage,  and  there  is  not  much 
profit  in  the  production  of  milk  with  this 
quality  of  hay.  In  order  to  overcome 
this  objection  with  the  least  expense, 
using  the  feeds  you  can  buy,  the  grain 
ration  is  necessarily  made  very  heavy. 
Cows,  as  a  rule,  seem  to  prefer  a  mor6 
bulky  mixture,  and  it  has  a  better  ef¬ 
fect  on  their  digestion.  It  would  there¬ 
fore  make  a  better  ration  to  use  four 
pounds  of  wheat  bran  in  place  of  the 
two  pounds  of  gluten  feed,  but  the  extra 
cost  would  probably  make  this  change 
undesirable.  If  you  could  get  dry  brew¬ 
ers’  or  distillers’  grains  for  about  half 
of  the  ration  instead  of  using  so  much 
heavy  feed  like  gluten  and  cotton  seed 
you  would  have  a  better  and  safer  ra¬ 
tion  to  use.  If  you  have  a  good  supply 
of  corn  and  cob  meal  and  oats  which 
you  want  to  feed  out,  you  could  use 
these  feeds  in  a  little  larger  proportion 
than  that  shown  in  the  ration,  c.  s.  G. 


The  analysis  of  your  present  ration 
follows : 

Digestible 

Dry  Pro-  Carb. 

matter  tein  and  fat 
20  lbs.  mixed  hay  .17.42  .844  9.25 

3  lbs.  wheat  feed  .  2.64  .o75  1.59 

2  lbs.  gluten  feed.  1.80  .464  1.378 

1  lb.  cotton-seed 

meal  . 92  .3.2  .444 

1  lb.  cornmeal . 89  .079  .764 


23.67 

Nutritive  ratio  1  :6.3. 


2.134  13.449 


A  Defective  Ration. 

I  have  18  grade  Holsteins ;  some  are  fresh 
now  and  the  remainder  are  to  freshen  soon. 
I  am  feeding  as  a  grain  ration  three  pounds 
wheat  feed,  2  pounds  gluten  feed,  one  pound 
cotton-seed  meal,  one  pound  cornmeal  per 
cow  a  day,  with  all  the  good  clean  meadow 
hay  they  will  eat  up  clean  three  times  a 
day.  They  are  watered  twice  daily  and 
salted  about  a  tablespoonful  in  the  grain 
twice  a  day.  Could  I  improve  on  that  ra¬ 
tion?  Would  corn  and  oats  ground  to¬ 
gether  half  and  half  be  better  than  the 
cotton-seed,  or  could  I  improve  by  the  use 
of  some  other  grain?  The  wheat  feed  costs 
$27  per  ton ;  cornmeal,  $23 ;  gluten,  $28 ; 
cotton-seed,  $34;  corn  and  oats,  $27. 

New  York.  a.  b.  s. 


You  will  see  that  this  ration  is  seri¬ 
ously  deficient  in  protein,  the  proper 
amount  being  2.5  pounds,  while  you  only 
have  2.13  pounds.  I  would  advise  feed¬ 
ing  some  good  dry  distillers’  grain  like 
Ajax  flakes  or  Biles  XXXX  in  place 
of  the  wheat  feed  you  use  now.  If  your 
dealer  does  not  keep  anything  of  this 
kind  that  he  can  sell  at  $33  or  $34  per 
ton,  several  neighbors  could  club  to¬ 
gether  and  get  a  carload  for  less.  By 
making  this  change  you  would  have  a 
balanced  ration  at  an  extra  cost  of  only 
nine-tenths  of  a  cent  per  day  for  each 
cow.  Here  is  the  analysis  of  the  ra¬ 
tion  changed  as  suggested : 


Digestible 

20 

lbs.  mixed  hay 

Dry 

matter 

.  .17.42 

Pro¬ 

tein 

.844 

Carb. 
and  fat 
9.25 

3 

lbs.  dry  distiller’s 
grains  .  2.76 

.744 

1.659 

2 

lbs.  gluten  feed 

. .  1.80 

.464 

1.398 

1 

lb.  cotton-seed 
meal  . 

. .  .92 

.372 

.444 

1 

lb.  cornmeal  . 

. ..  .89 

.079 

.764 

23.79 

2.503 

13.512 

Nutritive  ratio. 

1  :5.4. 

As  you  have  no  succulent  feed  in  this 
ration,  I  would  also  suggest  that  you 
add  about  two  pounds  dried  beet  pulp 
to  the  ration  for  each  cow,  as  the  re¬ 
turns  in  milk  should  more  than  pay  the 
cost  of  this  extra  feed.  c.  s.  G. 


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Sows  evenly.  No  need  SEED 

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Sows  Timothy,  Clover,  Alsike,  Alfalfa,  Millet,  Turnip,  etc. 
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Any  boy  who  can  drive  can  plow  with 

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because  they  hold  the  plow.  No  need  to  use  your 
hands  at  all,  uot  even  in  turning.  They  take 
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plowing.  No  more  jerking 
or  lame  backs.  Easier  on 
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Price 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


J»'/( ||  ^ 


f  'S'tfi  rv»*  - 
*'.W- 


RUMINATING  ANIMALS 
Cattle,  Sheep  And  Goats 

have  four  stomachs  and 
cannot  be  benefitted  by 
medicinal  elements  so  bene¬ 
ficial  to  the  horse,  hog,  etc. 
who  have  but  one  stomach. 
FAIRFIELD’S  BLOOD  TONIC 
AND  MILK  PRODUCER 

A  Scientific’’  Conditioner 
specially  compounded  for  the 
cow  and  all  cud-chewing  ani¬ 
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digestion  it  increases  and  en¬ 
riches  the  milk  supply,  re¬ 
moves  all  garlic  taint  and  pre¬ 
vents  and  cures  all  forms  of 
disease. 

A  Separate  Preparation  For 
Each  Kind  Of  Animal 

because  the  digestive  organs 
of  our  domestic  animals  differ 
as  greatly  as  their  use  and 
purpose. 

FAIRFIELD’S 

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For  Cattle  Only. 

Blood  Tonic  And  Egg  Producer 
For  Poultry  Only, 

Blood  Tonic  And  Regulator 
For  Horses  Only. 

Blood  Tonic  And  Fattener 
For  Hogs  only. 

Sold  under  guarantee 
Ask  your  dealer  for  them. 

FREE — Our  “Scientific  Stock  Book” 
W  orth  $1. 00  bu  t  sent  free  for  name 
of  this  paper  and  your  dealer. 

Fairlield  Manufacturing  Company 
505  South  Delaware  Ave., 
Philadelphia. 

A  farm  and  household  necessity — 
Fairfield’s  Lice  Killer,  insect  destroy¬ 
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HYDRATED  LIME 

in  paper  sacks,  car-lots,  for  $7.50  per  ton.  Lime 
Screenings  in  bulk,  from  best  grade  of  burnt  lime, 
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When  You  Buy  a 
Gearless  Hay  Loader 

Your  expense  is  practically  at  an  end. 

When  you  buy  a  Loader  with  gears,  chains, 
sprockets,  springs,  etc.,  your  expense  for  re¬ 
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The  GEARLESS  is  so  simple  mechanically 
that  it  will  operat  e  season  after  season  with¬ 
out  losing  an  hour’s  time,  and  the  expense  for 
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The  reason  that  more  GPIARLESS  HAY 
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The  lightest  draft.fhighest  Loaders,  simplest 
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264 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


February  25. 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


Do  you  consider  H.  Atlas,  of  314% 
Greenwich  street,  reliable?  I  could  not  do 
without  your  paper.  The  Egg  Producers 
Co.  tried  hard  to  get  me  to  ship  them 
poultry,  offering  me  a  big  price  per  pound, 
here  at  Milan,  but  your  “Publisher’s  Desk” 
notes  saved  me.  L.  a.  h. 

Pennsylvania. 


We  find  no  rating  for  Mr.  Atlas  and 
suggest  caution  and  statement  of  re¬ 
sponsibility.  Of  course,  the  Egg  Pro¬ 
ducers’  Company  could  promise  big 
prices.  Promises  are  cheap.  Such 
companies  get  shipments  by  promising 
more  than  is  offered  by  houses  which 
pay.  Some  of  our  readers  took  chances 
on  this  concern  after  our  caution,  and 


had  cause  to  regret  it  afterwards. 


Will  you  look  over  the  the  inclosed  book¬ 
let  of  the  American  Investment  Association, 
Minneapolis,  Minn.,  and  tell  mo  what  you 
think  about  it?  I  have  farm  property  for 
sale,  but  if  this  outfit  is  on  the  Darbyshire 
and  Ostrander  order  I  want  to  know  about 
it  before  I  bite.  I  saw  their  advertisement 
in  the  Country  Gentleman.  '  s.  K. 

New  York. 


Your  suspicions  that  this  is  the  old 
Ostrander  and  Darbyshire  game  are 
well  founded.  You  put  up  a  fee  in  ad¬ 
vance  and  get  promises  in  return.  It  is 
time  enough  to  pay  an  agent  for  selling 
a  farm  when  he  has  made  the  sale. 
This  advance  fee  business  consists  more 
in  working  for  the  fee  than  in  trying  to 
make  a  sale.  We  have  no  evidence  that 
they  make  any  serious  attempt  to  sell 
property. 


What  do  you  know  about  the  Mechanics 
Building  Association,  P.  O.  Box  654,  Tren¬ 
ton,  N.  J.?  Wm.  H.  Miers  is  secretary. 
I  have  subscribed  for  two  shares  of  then- 
stock  at  $50  per  share,  paying  $1  per 
month.  I  have  paid  $50,  but  they  never 
sent  out  any  report,  and  when  I  asked 
for  information  I  don’t  get  any  reply.  I 
have  asked  them  to  send  me  a  certificate 
for  the  one  share  of  stock  already  paid  for, 
and  cancel  my  subscription,  but  this  they 
refused  to  do.  c.  H.  b. 

New  Jersey 

We  have  been  unable  to  find  any  in¬ 
formation  that  would  justify  an  invest¬ 
ment  in  this  stock,  and  we  are  not  very 
much  surprised  that  they  refuse  the 
reasonable  request  asked  by  this  con¬ 
tributor.  We  do’ not  know  what. the  ex¬ 
act  contract  is,  but  it  is  possible  that 
they  are  technically  within  their  rights 
in  the  refusal,  but,  to  say  the  least,  the 
situation  is  not  a  very  strong  encourage¬ 
ment  for  further  investments.  We  ad¬ 
vise  caution  subscribing  for  stocks  or 
bonds.  First  find  out  what  security 
you  get  for  your  money.  Too  often 
there  is  no  security  at  all. 


On  June  26  las-t  I  had  an  order  for 
two  crates  of  eggs  at  21  cents  per  dozen 
F.  O.  B.  your  station  from  M.  .T.  Kennedy, 
of  577  Grove  street,  Jersey  City,  N.  J.  I 
made  the  shipment  on  June  29.  I  have 
sent  bills  since  in  request  tor  settlement 
but  can  get  no  reply.  See  if  you  can  lo¬ 
cate  the  party.  •  c-  R-  H* 

Maryland. 


We  have  made  several  attempts  to 
make  this  collection,  but  have  failed. 
The  amount  was  $12.60.  Mr.  Kennedy 
has  no  rating  in  the  sources  of  infor¬ 
mation  open  to  us,  and  neglects  to  make 
reply  to  any  demands  on  him  for  set¬ 
tlement.  He  would  not  appear  to  be  a 
very  desirable  customer  for  eggs. 


Will  you  tell  me  through  “Publisher’s 
Desk”  what  an  “Interim  Receipt”  is. 

Maine.  H-  c-  R- 

Only  two  instances  of  the  use  of  “In¬ 
terim  Receipts’’  ever  came  to  out  notice. 
Joseph  G.  Robin,  the  bank  wrecker  and 
general  promoter,  who  is  now  under 
indictment,  is  reported  to  have  used 
these  receipts  to  kite  securities  from  one 
bank  or  account  into  another.  The 
other  instance  is  the  more  famous  use 
made  of  them  by  E.  G.  Lewis.  Country 
people,  who  held  notes  and  bonds  and 
other  certificates  of  his,  were  requested 
to  send  them  in  and  state  whether  they 
wanted  another  stock  or  cash.  In  either 
case,  those  who  sent  them  in  got  an  “In¬ 
terim  Receipt,”  but  no  cash.  An  interim 
is  rather  an  indifferent  term,  and  may 
mean  months,  years  or  centuries.  It 
does  not  hold  the  party  issuing  it  to  any 
definite  time  for  doing  anything,  but  in 
the  Lewis  case  it  is  only  a  brazen  and 
impudent  expression  of  a  general  policy. 
The  first  event  is  when  he  makes  a 
promise  or  agreement.  The  fulfillment 
of  the  promise  would  naturally  be  the 
next  event  and  the  time  between  the 
interim.  He  wants  his  own  sweet  time 
for  the  last  event.  It  is  rather  a  com¬ 
fortable  sort  of  an  arrangement  for  him. 


I  enjoy  very  much  reading  The  R.  N.-Y., 
and  have  taken  particular  interest  in  your 
“Publisher’s  Desk”  column  and  advice  to 
correspondents  in  regard  to  investments. 
It  seems  almost  incredible  that  a  man  or 
woman  of  average  intelligence  would  ever 
consider  investing  hard-earned  money  in 
some  of  the  schemes  they  write  to  you 
about  In  this  connection  the  thought  has 
come  to  me  :  Why  wouldn’t  it  be  feasible 
to  reverse  the  operation  bf  the  plan,  and 
for  the  farmer  to  ask  for  capital  from 
those  living  in  town  or  city  who  have  a 
surplus — with  this  important  difference — 
give  them  a  square  deal?  It  would  be  a 
kindness  to  them,  as  many  of  them  would 
“invest"  in  some  of  these  “fakes.”  (I  be¬ 


lieve  there  are  as  many  town  and  city 
fol-is  who  lose  money  in  fake  schemes  as 
there  are  farmers.)  There  is  no  copyright 
on  the  idea,  so  anyone  is  free  to  use  it. 

New  York  City.  c.  h.  h. 

It  is  the  easiest  thing  in  the  world  to 
see  how  foolish  an  investment  was  after 
one  had  made  it;  but  few  of  us  escape 
buying  a  gold  brick  some  time  in  our 
lives.  I  had  some  experiences  of  my 
own  along  that  line,  and  have  a  fellow 
feeling  for  the  other  fellow-  who  was 
caught  napping.  Intelligent  people  some¬ 
times  bite  on  a  barbed  hook.  But  our 
city  friend  has  it  right.  City  people 
lose  on  fake  schemes  even  more  than 
country  people,  but  probably  feel  the 
loss  less.  Not  that  they  have  any  more 
wealth,  but  because  real  cash  is  plenti¬ 
ful  in  the  city.  These  fakes  and  dis¬ 
honest  investments  are  really  the  great¬ 
est  curse  of  both  city  and  country.  If 
securities  represented  honest  value  and 
paid  fair  and  regular  dividends,  the  com¬ 
mon  people  of  city  and  country  would 
finance  double  our  present  public  utili¬ 
ties.  If  some  one  would  make  sure  and 
certain  the  “square  deal”  the  rest  would 
be  easy.  j.  j.  d. 


nRDIWfiTnWQ-Buff-  Black  and  White  Co<-k- 
UnrmUIUIlO  erels.  Black  Pullets,  standard 
bred.  Prices  right.  R.  M.  Morrison,  Lyme,  N.H. 


DAY-OLD  CHICKS— S.  C.  W.  Leghorns,_fl2 
per  100;  S.  C.  R.  I.  Reds,  $15  per  100.  Hatching 
eggs,  exhibition  and  utility.  THE  WINONA 
FARMS,  Drawer  272,  Lansdale,  Pa. 


HONE’S  “BRED  TO  LAY”  R.  C.  REDS  and  MAMMOTH 
BRONZE  TURKEYS  win  at  Schenectady,  1911,  1st  and 

3rd  hen;  2nd  and  3rd  pullet;  2nd  and  3rd  cock¬ 
erel;  1st  Bronze  Tom,  and  3rd  pullet.  A  prize  for 
every  bird  exhibited.  Eggs  from  choice  matings 
at  reasonable  prices.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  D.  R. 
HONE,  Crescent  Hill  Farm,  Sharon  Springs,  N.  Y. 


Mammoth  Bronze  Turkeys 

For  Sale.  Fifteen  1910  hatched  Toms,  20  to  30  lbs.; 
thirty  1910  hatched  hens,  14  to  18  lbs. 

HICKORY  ISLAND  FARM,  Clayton,  N.  Y. 


Kean’s  While  Wyandottes. 

Bred  for  large  size,  heavy  laying,  vigor  and  fancy 
purposes  Eggs.  $10  per  100.  $5  per  46,  $2  per  16. 
A  few  choice  Pullets  yet  to  sell. 

E.  FRANKLIN  KEAN,  STANLEY,  N.  Y. 


Alicjin’c  S.  C.  R.  I.  REDS— 200-egg  strain.  Eggs, 
AUollll  0  $1.60  per  setting.  Prices  on  quantities. 
AUSTIN  POULTRY  FARM,  Centre  Harbor,  N.  H. 


PI  A  AIT  DDnW7C  TURKEY  EGGS,  $3.00  per 
UIAI'II  DnUllLL  10;  Rose  Comb  R.  I.  Red 
Eggs,  $1.00  per  15;  Indian  Runner  Duck  Eggs.  $1.00 
per 10.  SHROPSHIRE  SHEEP. 

H.  J.  VAN  DYKE,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 


Davis  S.  C.  Reds  3ST  COCKERELS 

$3  and  $5  each.  EGGS  FOR  HATCHING. 
BABY  CHICKS— $15  and  $20  per  100  after  March  1. 

BOOK  ORDERS  NOW.  Davis  Poultry  Farm,  Berlin,  Mass. 


SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS— Hatching  eggs  from 
vigorous  birds  a  specialty.  Quality  kind  at 
right  prices.  Famous  Lakewood  strain. 

SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington,  N.  J. 


TESTED  EGGS  FOR  HATCHING 

White  Wyandottes,  Dustin  strain,  50,  $5.00;  100,  $8.00 
FKANK  HYDE,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 


Indian  Runner  Ducks_i”,“i.T»A“K: 

Eggs,  $1.50  per  13;  $8.00  per  100.  F.  J.  FULLER, 
Waterport,  Orleans  County.  New  York. 


I WAVS  S.  C,  W.  LEGHORN 

Breeding  Hens  at  low  price  to  make  room.  Also 
promising  cockerels  cheap  in  quant  ities.  Also  H  I. 
Beds.  Eggs  for  hatching.  St.  Moritz  Farm,  Ramsey,  N.J. 


White  Holland  Turkeys 

can  Guineas 

and  Duston’s  White  Wyandotte  Chickens.  Walnut 
Hill  Stock  Farm,  N.  Bacon,  Mgr.,  Talcott,  W.  Ya. 


r’OPK’PPPT  Q— Prize  -  Winning  Breeding 
LVJLIVEIvELij  Stock— Black  Orpingtons 
and  Minorcas.  QU0QUETAUG  FARMS,  Old  Mystic,  Conn. 


FMPIRE  STATE  S,  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Winners  at  N.  Y.  State  Fair.  Heavy  layers;  trios, 
$5.  Eggs  for  hatching,  $1  for  15,  $5  for  100.  Cata¬ 
logue  free.  C.  H.  ZIMMER,  Weedsport,  N.  Y. 


S.C. RHODE  ISLAND  REDS 


Baby  Chicks* 
EGGS  for  Hatch- 


At  The  Horseshoe  Road  Poultry  Farm  !”.fpes  ^  '.Address 
WM.  R.  BURKHOLDER,  -:-  Box  152,  R.  5,  Lancaster,  Pa. 


Eggs  For  Hatching 

Indian  Runner  Ducks.  High-class  stock — 
utility,  show  or  export  SINCLAIR  SMITH,  602 
Fifth  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


THOROUGH-BRED  POULTRY— Best  twenty  varieties 
Good  stock.  Eggs,  15,  $1 ;  40.  $2.  Catalogue. 
H.  K.  MOHR,  Quakertown,  Pa.,  Route  3. 


VALENTINE’S  Reliable  “Indian  Runner  Duck  Book,” 
50c.  C.  S.  Valentine,  Box  3,  Ridgewood,  N.  J. 


n  n  EGGS  $) .00 — Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
ZU  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Large  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 


THE  FARMER'S  FOWL-Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
I  layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 


WHITE  WYANDOTTES  and  Indian  “Genuine  Fawn”  Runner 
Ducks.  Grand  Win  and  Lay  Strains.  Stock  and 
Eggs  at  lionest  prices.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Write  0WNLAND  FARM.  Box  497,  South  Hammond,  N.  Y. 


WRIGHT’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTE  WINNERS-Eggs,  $4.50 
for  100.  Baby  Cliix,  $12.50  for  100;  $7.00for50. 
GRAND  VIEW  FARM,  Stanfordville,  N.  Y. 

LAKEHILL  FARM 

W.  H.  THACHUR. 

Single  and  Rose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W.  P.  Rocks 
and  Imp.  Pekin  Ducks.  Cockerels  and  Ducks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  in  any  quantity  from  $7  up. 
Chicks.  $15  per  100  Dncklings,  $25  per  100.  Write 
for  special  prices  in  large  lots.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  of  hatching  eggs  and  day  old  chicks 
and  ducklings.  Safe  delivery  guaranteed.  Satis¬ 
faction.  CARL  W.  LLOYD,  Mgr.,  HILLSIDE, 
Westchester  County,  N.  Y. 


THE  SU 


Ffhe  Kind  of| 
Incubator  ' 


Government 


Farmer’s  Bulletin  No.  236  on  Incubation  and 
Incubators,  issued  by  the  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture  describes  a 
perfect  incubator.  In  so  doing  it  describes  the  SURE  HATCH  as 
faithfully  as  though  the  writer  had  a  SURE  HATCH  INCUBATOR  stand¬ 
ing  before  him  as  he  wrote.  Read  what  he  says: 

"The  body  should  be  mounted  on  strong  legs." 

"The  top  should  be  smooth  and  unincumbered." 

"No  machine  is  complete  without  nursery  and  chick  tray." 
‘‘Best  regulator  is  double  disc." 

"Body  should  be  of  unshrinkable  material." 

"Walls  must  be  air  tight  and  have  dead  air  space  between." 
"Must  have  double  doors  perfectly  fitted.” 

The  SURE  HATCH  is  the  only  incubator  having  every  feature  required  in  a  perfect  incubator. 
Double  redwood  walls  with  dead  air  space  between;  dependable  hot  water  heating  system, 
sensitive,  positive  heat  regulator  and  safe,  steady  lamp,  are  Sure  Hatch  features  that  are 
not  equalled  in  any  other  incubator.  The 


SURE,  HATCH 


cannot  fail  to 
hatch  all  fertile 
eggs.  Insure 

against  disappointment  by  getting  a  SURE  HATCH,  the  incubator  that  has 
earned  its  reputation  of  hatching  more  healthy  chicks  than  any  other 

incubator  made.  try  A  Sure  Hatch  60  Days  Free.  We 
guarantee  satisfaction  and  pay  the  freight.  Send  today  for  our 
^Free  Sure  Hatch  Book  containing  valuable  information. 

Sure  Hatch  Incubator  Co., 

Box  44  Z  Fremont,  Neb. 


this  ad. 


“Hatching  Facts”  Free 

Your  address  on  a  postal  brings  la¬ 
test  edition  of  ‘  ‘Hatching  Facts  ”-/t 
tells  how  to  start  right  at  least  ex¬ 
pense;  how  Belle  City  won  World’s 
r  Championship  last  season.  Write  to¬ 
day,  but  if  in  a  hurry  order  direct  from 
J .  V.  Rohar *.  Pres.  Belle  City  Incubator  Co • 

.55  Buys  Best 
140-Egg  Incubator 

1  Doubleca8esallover;best  copper 
tank;  nursery,  self-regulating. 
Best  HO-chick  hot-water  brooder, 
$4.85.  Both  ordered  together, 

$11.50.  Freight  prepaid  (E.  of 
Rockies). 

I  No  machines 
I  at  any  price 
ere  better.  Satisfaction  guar¬ 
anteed.  Write  for  book  today 
©r  send  price  now  and  save  time. 

Belle  City  Incubator  Company,  Box  48  RacIneJ  WircouHO 

ICC  EGG  mCUBATORDATU 
iJJcniCK  BROODER  DU  I II 


1  CHICK  BROODER 

'Largest  capacity,  highest  efficl 
ency  Incubator  ever  sold  for  so  low 
a  price.  Made  of  special  beat  and 
cold  resisting  material  with  hun¬ 
dreds  of  dead  air  cells, 

I  coppertank,  hot  water 

I  heat.  Order  now— “Buy - 

1  Back  Guarantee’  protects  you, 

1  or  send  for  “Progressive  Method’ 
—tells  all  about  it-  FREE. 
Progressive  Incubator  Co.,  Racine,  WIs 
G.  O.  Wheeler,  Mgr.  Box  145. 


FOR 

*11L5 


I  Freight 
IPrepaid 

.  East  of 
Rockies 


LIFE  PRODUCERS 

SUCCESSFUL  INCUBATORS 

LIFE  PRESERVERS 

SUCCESSFUL  BROODERS 

The  only  machines  that  rival  the  mothei 
hen.  Sold  on  a  Direct-to-You  Fac¬ 
tory  Price.  Get  our  Big  FREE  Incubator  Book  and  save 
40%.  Send  postal  now.  Booklet,  “Proper  Care  and  Feeding 
of  small  Chicks.  Ducks  and  Turkeys'*  sent  for  10c. 

DES  MOINES  INCUBATOR  CO  ,  90  Second  St..  Des  Moines,  la. 


and  Free  Book  | 


125  Egg  Incubator  g  111 
and  Brooder  Bo^r©IU 


If  ordered  together  we  send 
both  for  $10.  Freight 
paid  east  of  Rockies.  Hot 
water,  copper  tanks,  double  walls, 
double  glass  doors.  Free  catalog 
describes  them.  Send  for  it  today. 

Wisconsin  Incubator  Co., 

Box  118,  Racine,  Wi3. 


FOODS 


are  demanded  and  used  by  successful 
poultrymen  everywhere  because  our 
ods  are  reliable.  Every  ounce  of  grain  is 
■an  and  nourishing.  Lowest  prices.  Full 
:ight.  Prompt  shipments.  Satisfaction 
aranteed.  Send  today  for  Booklet  and 
tEE  Souvenir.  Don’t  delay. 

AYLOR  BROS.,  10  Market  Street,  CAMDEN,  N.  J. 


ll 

i  w 

MDEN,  N.  J. 

GRIT 


M  AKA-SHEL  SOLUBLE 

Bright,  sharp,  shining, 

' '  a  k  e  s  bone  and 
Increases  Egg* 

Production  when 1 
Eggs  are  high. 

Ask  your  dealer,  or  send  us  SI -00  for  two 
100-lb.  bags  f.  o.  b.  cars.  Booklet  free 

EDGE  HILL  SILICA  ROCK  CO„ 

Box  J.  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 


raas^MAKE  hens  lay" 

more  eggs;  larger,  more  vigorous  chicks; 
heavier  fowls,  by  feeding  cut  bone. 

ftlAllll’C  LATEST  MODEL 
MANN  d  BONE  CUTTER 

i  cuts  fast,  easy,  fine ;  never  clogs. 

10  Days’  Free  Trial.  No  money  in  advance.  Book  free. 

IF.W.MANN  CO.,  Box  1 6,  MILFORD,  MASS.  ■ 


MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1844 

R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill,  N.  lr. 


POULTRY 

TRUTHS 


m 


T/j 


After  all,  it’s  the 
TRUTH— the  plain 
unvarnished  prac¬ 
tical  facts  about 
poultry-raising,  that 
you  want,  not  theories 
advanced  by  writers 
who  too  often  have  “an  axe 
to  grind.” 

Mr.S.  B. Twining,  a  lead¬ 
ing  authority  on  practical 
poultry-raising  for  profit,  has 
written  a  valuable  book  that 
gives  readers  the  benefit  of  his 
life-long  experience — a  plain, 
honest  statement  of  facts. 

Every  phase  of  the  poultry  business  is 
covered  including  Capon  Culture. 

POULTRY  TRUTHS  is  being  sold 
on  its  merits— no  connection  with  any 
publication  or  advertising  scheme. 

You’ll  find  it  profitable  to  read 
, this  book.  No  other  book  contains 
so  much  practical, reliable  advice. ) 

Ail  on  PER  COPY 

q?  I  t\J\J  POSTPAID 

Send  for  Your  Copy  Today. 

AFT0N  FARMS.  Box  0-1. 

Yardley,  Pa. 


Bonnie  Brae  White  Leg¬ 
horns  and  Pekin  Ducks 


ARE  BETTER 
than  ever. 
Eggs  from  our 
heavy  laying 
strains  now 
ready;  also  some  choice  matings  of  Barred  and 
White  Plymouth  Rocks,  Rose  Comb  White  Leg¬ 
horns,  White  Wyandottes,  Single  and  Rose  Comb 
Rhode  Island  Reds,  Light  Brahmas,  Mammoth 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Pearl  Guinea  Fowl.  Orders 
for  early  settings  and  baby  chicks  now  hooked. 
Get  some  prize  matings  at  right  prices.  BONNIE 
BRAE  POULTRY  FARM,  NEW  ROCHELLE,  N.  Y.  Largest 
successful  plant  in  New  Y’ork  vicinity.  10,000-egg 
capacity.  Agents  for  Cyphers  Incubator  Company. 
Correspondence  invited. 

RICHLAND  FARMS. 

Breeders  and  Exhibitors  of 
S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS, 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS, 

S.  C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS. 
Our  Prices  Hatching  Eggs— S.  C.  White  Leghorns— One 
setting,  15  eggs,  $2;  two  settings,  30  eggs,  $3.50 
three  settings,  45  eggs,  $4.75;  one  hundred  eggs,  $8 
one  thousand  eggs,  $70.  White  Plymouth  Rocks  and  S.  C 
Black  Orpingtons— One  setting,  15  eggs,  $2.50  and  $5 
one  hundred  eggs,  $14  and  $28.  Fertility  Guaranteed. 

Our  Prices  Baby  Chicks— S.  C.  White  Leghorns— Fifty  or 
less,  each,  20  cents;  one  hundred,  $15;  one  thousand, 
$125.  White  Plymouth  Rocks  and  S.  C.  Black  Orpingtons— 
Fifty  or  less,  each,  30  cents;  one  hundred,  $25,  We 
guarantee  safe  arrival  of  CHICKS  in  first-class 
condition. 

RICHLAND  FARMS,  Frederick,  Md. 

CHICKS  Baby  CHICKS 

S  C.  WHITE  LEGHORN  CHICKS  of  Standard  Quality. 

We  guarantee  chicks  to  be  hatched  from  eggs  laid 
by  our  own  breeders  and  shipped  only  when  day-old. 

We  Can  Please  You.  We  Will  Please  You. 

Mammoth  Hot  Water  Incubator  having  a  capa¬ 
city  of  10,200  eggs. 

Have  Your  Orders  Booked.  Circular  Free. 

SPRING  WATER  POULTRY  FARM,  Stockton,  New  Jersey. 

MT.  PLEASANT  FARM 

A  breeding  establishment  of  250  acres, 
devoted  to  developing  the  best 

S.  O.  W.  LEGHORNS 

Fine  Breeding  Cockerels  at  reasonable  prices. 

MT.  PLEASANT  FARM,  Box  Y,  HAVRE  DE  GRACE,  Maryland. 

The  Big  White  Egg  Makers 

Rose  Comb  Black  Minorcas,  Indian  Runner  Ducks. 

The  Big  White  Birds 

Crystal  White  Orpingtons — Utilities,  Beauties. 
Year  round  layers.  Eggs  for  hatching.  Circular 
free.  F.  N.  ADAMS,  Route  1,  Okwell,  Ohio. 


1911. 


THE  KURAE  NEW-YORKER 


255 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  February  25, 1911 


FARM  TOPICS. 

A  “Down  East”  Corn  Crop .  226 

Michigan  Vetch  . 226 

Small  Corn  Shredder  Experience . 227 

Lime  on  Sod .  228 

An  Oregon  Oat  Crop .  231 

Fertilizer  and  Rock  Phosphate . 231 

Mixing  a  Compost  Heap .  231 

Rye  as  Green  Manure .  232 

Manure  and  Tobacco  Stems .  235 

Potash  for  Corn .  235 

Gypsum  and  Alkali  Soil .  235 

Uncle  Sam’s  Employment  Bureau . 235 

A  Concrete  Farm  Roller .  235 

Nitrate  of  Soda  with  Manure .  236 

How  to  Use  Nightsoil . 1.  237 

Wood  Ashes  and  Fertilizer .  237 

Use  of  Ground  Phosphate  Rock .  237 

Hope  Farm  Notes  .  238 

A  Miner  and  His  Farm.  Part  II .  252 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

Those  $9  Hens . 234 

“Lfct  the  Cows  Prove  It” .  246 

A  Good  Cow  .  248 

Muzzle  for  Ugly  Sow .  248 

Clover  in  the  Silo.... .  248 

Law  Regarding  Brewers’  Grains .  248 

Eczema .  248 

Horse  with  Catarrh .  248 

Remodeling  a  Barn .  249 

Trouble  with  Churning .  249 

Good  Rhode  Island  Reds .  250 

A  Hawk  Trap .  250 

Begin  in  a  Small  Way .  250 

Cracklings  for  Hens .  250 

Litter  for  Hens . 250 

A  Big  Egg .  250 

Grasshoppers  and  Turkeys .  250 

A  Commuter’s  Hens .  250 

Open  Front  Houses .  250 

Milk . 251 

The  Foley  Milk  Commission  Bill . 251 

Rations  for  Dry  Cow  and  Heifer .  253 

Grain  With  Timothy .  253 

A  Defective  Ration .  253 

HORTICULTURE. 

Experience  With  the  Use  of  Hairy 

V  o  foil  fo  •»»  Paitow  OO.T  OOZ> 


Cold  Facts  About  Chestnuts .  226 

Orchard  Heating  in  California .  227 

Apple  Orchard  in  Iowa .  228 

An  Orchard  for  the  Average  New  Eng- 

gland  Farm  .  229 

Orchard  on  Damp  Soil .  230 

From  Sand  Bank  to  Lawn .  232 

Care  of  Young  Orchard .  236 

Fillers  in  Apple  Orchard .  237 

New  Peaches  and  Plums  in  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  .  237 

Dahlias  in  January .  239 

Staminate  Strawberry  Flowers . 239 

Eldorado  Blackberry  ‘ .  239 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day . 242 

Difficulty  with  Chocolate  Candies .  242 

Removing  Stains  from  Clothes .  242 

The  Plant  of  Purity .  243 

Some  Items  of  Country  Fare .  243 

Some  Good  Cakes .  244 

The  Rural  Patterns .  244 

Freshening  Up  Window  Shades .  244 

Those  Puzzling  Shoe  Numbers .  245 

A  Box  of  Candy .  245 

Boiled  Indian  Pudding .  245 

More  About  Zinc .  245 

The  Bookshelf  .  245 

MISCELLANEOUS. 


Tap  the  Air  for  Nitrates  and  Cut 
Your  Fertilizer  Bill  in  Half 

High  Bred  Nitrogen  Gathering  Bacteria 
put  on  the  Seed  will  do  all  the  Work 

DON’T  pay  big  prices  for  nitrate  fertilizers.  Don’t  waste  the  time  and  labor  needed  to  spread 
them.  Let  nitrogen-gathering  bacteria  do  the  work  for  you  at  a  mere  fraction  of  the  cost 
and  practically  no  extra  work. 

Here  is  the  making  of  all  the  nitrates  you  want  at  a  cost  of  $2.00  an  acre. 


This  Bottle 
does  the  work 
for  an  Acre. 


FARMOGERM 

High-Bred  Nitrogen-Gathering  Bacteria. 

Farmogerm  is  a  pure  culture  of  nitrogen-gathering  bacteria  that 
have  been  carefully  selected  and  bred  up  to  a  state  of  strong  vitality 
and  great  nitrogen-fixing  power.  That  is  our  guaranty.  Farmogerm 
is  a  jelly-like  culture,  put  up  in  specially  sealed  bottles,  guaranteed 
to  reach  you  in  perfect  condition  and  to  keep  for  months. 

It  is  Ready  to  Use  on  Your  Seeds 

Just  mix  with  water  and  moisten  the  seed  or  spray  on  soil  or  young 
plants.  The  bacteria  will  increase  rapidly,  by  the  millions,  in  the 
soil,  and  draw  nitrogen  from  the  unlimited  supply  in  the  air,  feeding 
it  to  the  growing  crop  and  storing  it  in  the  soil  for  future  crops. 
For  use  on  Alfalfa,  Clover,  Peas,  Beans,  and  all  legumes. 

Get  Our  Rrtftlr  T  and  reP°rts  from  high  authorities  and 

,  v/r*;  r  rec  DOOK  *  many  farmers  who  have  tried  it  and 

know.  We  can  prove  every  claim.  The  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 
states  that  the  pure  culture  method  of  soil  inoculation  has  “come  to 
stay.  Order  Now  if  you  want  to  plantat  once,  or  spray onwliat  you 
have  planted.  Acre  size  $2.00 — Garden  size,  for  Peas,  Beans  and 
Sweet  Peas,  in  mixed  culture,  50c.  White  Clover  also  in  50c  -size 
Mention  what  crop  you  want  it  for  when  ordering.  We  pay  postaee 
or  express  charges  to  you.  6 

EARP-THOMAS  FARMOGERM  CO..  BLOOMFIELD,  N.  J. 


Made  for> 

"//Work-Wear 

YET  50  EASY  IN  ACTION 
A  GIRL  0RB0Y OF  SIXTEEN 
CAN  OPERATE  IT 

KMU5^mt 

W^cmmoi 

No  pushing  or  pulling  the  shovels  from 
one  side  to  the  other.  Just  a  touch  of  the 
foot  and  the  whoels  and  shovels  move  e  sily 
and  quickly  to  right  or  left.  No  stooping  the 
machine  to  regulate  the  width  between  gangs 
or  the  depth  of  the  shovels. 

Uneven  Land,  Crooked  Rows  and  Hillsides 
as  Easily  Cultivated  as  Level  Ground. 

Made  in  high  and  low  wheel  and 
KKAUS  pivot  gang.  Built  entirely 
of  steel  and  malleable  iron, 
i'.yery  possible  adjustment. 

Light  Draft.  Perfect  balance. 

Choice  of  26  different  equip- 
ments  gives  yon  just  tho  one  you 
need  for  your  work.  Also  the 
Clipper  Hammock  8eat  and  the 
Carpo  Walker.  Don’t  accent  a  sub¬ 
stitute.  If  your  dealer  does  not 
handle  the  KRAUS  write  us  for 
full  descriptive  catalogue. 

AKRON  CULTIVATOR  CO. 

- DEPT.  |3i  AKRON,  OHIO 


MV  It.  I.  WHITES  come  nearest  to  the  all 
-LT-L  round  fowl  of  any  breed  in  the  world.  When 
I  originated  this  breed  22  years  ago,  in  Wakefield, R. 
I.,  my  aim  was  to  develop  a  breed  that  would  equal 
the  Leghorns  as  layers,  mature  early,  be  easy  to 
breed,  and  be  of  the  highest  class  dressed  poultry. 
Free  circular  that  tells  what  I  have  accomplished. 
It  also  tells  about  the  most  practical  poultry  feeder 
and  exerciser  ever  invented. 

J.  A.  JOCOY,  Towanda,  Pa.  1-3 


Thirty  Years  Breeder 

and  Dealer  Pure  Bred  Poultry. 

K.  T.  PATTERSON,  Newtown,  Conn. 


CLARK’S  SINGLE  COMB  REDS  won  fifty-four  ribbons 
in  1910,  including  twenty  first  prizes.  Also  the 
Rhode  Island  Red  Club  State  Cup  and  Specials 
for  shape  and  color.  Choice  stock  and  eggs  for 
sale.  Send  for  mating  list.  G.  I),  CLARK,  Brook- 
side  Poultry  Yards,  Bellows  Falls,  Vermont. 

FARM  BRED  POULTRY-FREE  RANGE 

Partridge  Cochins,  White  Rocks,  Barred 
Rocks.  Partridge  Wyandottes.  LTize  win¬ 
ning  strains.  Stock  and  eggs. 

MINCH  BROS.,  R-2,  Bridgeton.,  N.  J. 


MINISINK  POULTRY  FARM  CO. 

Single  Comb  Leghorn  Hatching  Eggs — 95$  fertility 
guaranteed  or  money  refunded — $10  per  hundred 
£•  o.  b.  NORTH  WATER  GAP,  PA. 


Pfllll  Best  Breeds.  Bred  for  Laying. 

■  UULI  II  1  Large  circular  illustrated  in  colors 
Free.  JOHN  E.  HEATWOLE,  Harrisonburg,  Va. 


Making  a  Cement  Roof .  227 

Handling  the  Fake  Goods .  227 

The  Law  on  Rabbits .  230 

Metal  Roof  as  Lightning  Conductor.  . .  231 

That  Drill  Contract  Case .  233 

Proportion  of  Mortar  to  Masonry....  236 

Editorials .  240 

Markets .  247 

Publisher’s  Desk  .  254 


( Continued  from  page  247.) 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Hay  market  on  Timothy  and  the  better 
grades  of  mixed  is  firm.  Lower  grades 
dull  and  unsettled. 

Bay,  No.  1,  ton . 21.00  @  22.00 

No.  2 . 18.00  @  20.00 

No.  o . 15.00  (SO  17.00 

Clover  Mixed . 12.00  ®  18  00 

Clover . 10.00  (a)  15.00 

8traw,  Rye .  9.00  @  11.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 8.00  (a)  10.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers.  100  lbs . (1.70  @1  6.75 

Oxeu  and  Stags .  5.00  @6.25 

Cows .  2.40  @4.50 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 7.00  @10.75 

Calls  . 4.00  @0  50 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 3.25  @  4.50 

Lambs .  5.50  ®  6  65 

Hogs . 7.80  @  8.40 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.10  @  ... 

No.  2,  Red .  94 14®  ... 

No.  1  Macaroni .  1.00  "@  ... 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 49  @  .52 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 35  @  37 

Bye . 80  ©  !83 


RHODE  ISLAND  RED  AND  BLACK  MINORCA 

v  cockerels,  rose  ami  single  comb, pure  breils,  April  hatched, 
well  colored,  strong  and  vl.-oroiis,  ready  for  spring  work 

*2.00  each.  JOHN  McGILL,  The  Plains,  Va. 

WANTED— Experienced  man  for  small  fruit  farm;  re¬ 
liability  and  good  salesmanship  required,  Cottage, 
garden,  good  salary  and  permanent  position  offered 
to  the  right  man.  Address  H.  W.  Cobb,  Ridgewood,  N  J 


VIRGINIA  FARM  For  Sale. 
v  Acre.  H.  J.  SCHXE1 


JBI.IN.  Crewe,  Va. 


PAPpR  POT  C— Three-inch,  *  1 .25  a  1 ,000, 
x  “"*■  LvlV  1  W  1  O  four-inch,  SI. 75  a  1,000 
_ P.  B.  CROSBY  &  SON,  Catonsville,  Md, 

D  LEASE  send  atrial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Coni- 
,  mission  Mouse  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter 
Eggs.  Poultry.  Pork,  Calves,  Hay,  Grain,  Beans’ 
Apples,  etc.  K.  II.  WOOIMVAKH,  802  Greenwich  8t.,  N.  Y 

JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  COMPANY, 

Commission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York, 
Poultry,  Eggs,  Meats,  Produce.  Shipments  Solicited. 

Hothouse  Lambs,  Poultry,  Calves,  Fancy  Eggs 

Ship  to  W.  H.  COHEN  &  CO..  229  Washington  St..  New  York. 

Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 


TRAPPERS  AND  HUNTERS. 

Furs  are  high.  A  fact  which  you  are  all  probably  ac¬ 
quainted  with.  But  the  question  is,  Are  you  getting 
highest  market  value  for  yours  ?  Remember  we  do  not 
charge  any  commission;  pay  all  express  charges;  will 
hold  your  goods  separate  for  approval  of  our  valuation, 
when  requested,  and  if  not  satisfactory  will  return  and 
pay  all  charges.  Don’t  you  think  we  are  entitled  to  a 
trial  shipment  on  the  strength  of  the  foregoing  ?  For 
further  information  write  for  our  free  price  list  and 
Trappers’  Guide.  Make  us  a  trial  shipment  today. 

Abrohams  Fur  &  Wool  Co.,  Fur  Merchants,  Seymour,  Wis. 

YOUNG  MEN  WANTED  to  learn 

VETERINARY  profession.  Catalogue 
free.  Grand  Rapids  Veterinary 
College,  Dep.15,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

FOR  SALE  OR  EXCHANGE. 

Hackney  and  Standard  Bred  Brood  Mares,  Stal- 
lions  and  Fillies,  Aberdeen  Angus  cattle.  Could 
use  Perch eron  mares,  mules,  automobile-new. 
SffV?^Patal?^o£  St°ck.  DELAWARE  STOCK 
FARM,  Myer  &  Son,  Prop.,  Bridgeville,  Del. 


93-95  South  Market  $t„ 


Boston. 


A  BEAUTIFUL  FARM  FOR  SALE  in  the  finest  fruit 
n  growing  and  trucking  section  in  the  world; 
fertile  sod  and  fine  climate:  also  a  beautiful  water 
front  farm  with  timber.  For  full  particulars  ad¬ 
dress  SAMUEL  P.  WOODCOCK.  Salisbury. 
Wicomico  County,  Maryland. 

WE  SELL  FARMS  in  Oceana,  best  County  in  U.  S. 

Bo'it,  Alfalfa,  Grain, Vegetables,  Stock,  Poul¬ 
try.  J.  D.  S.  HANSON  &  SON,  Hart,  Mich. 

Conti  Flirms  for  sale  at  low  prices  in  nearly  all 
WUUiaillD  parts  of  New  Y0rk  State.  Cata¬ 
logue  free  to  parties  intending  to  buy. 

NORTHERN  REALTY  CO.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

f  A  P  M  FDR  9AI  C— The  cheapest  one  in  Som- 
1  HI* III  JUn  OHLL  erset  County  -  location, 
quality  of  soil  and  timber  considered.  Contains 
250  acres,  100  acres  in  cultivation  and  balance  in 
timber.  For  full  particulars  address  JAMES  A.  C. 
DEAVOR,  Princess  Anne,  Somerset  Co. .Maryland, 

DELAWARE  FARMS  for  sale.  Largest,  most  complete 
list  money  making  farms  in  State.  Healthful 
climate,  short  winters,  wonderfully  productive  soil. 
Illus.  catalog  free.  Wm.  G.  Wechtenhiser,  Harrington,  Del. 

|  fi  7  A  f!  R  F  ^  VERY  productive  gravel  soil,  near 
•U"  “UllLO  Buffalo  and  good  markets.  12- 
room  house,  large  barn,  fruits,  choice  Holstein 
dairy,  team,  complete  farming  implements,  all 
very  cheap.  Write  now  for  picture  and  particu¬ 
lars.  D.  A.  PALMERTON,  Eden,  N.  Y. 

BEFORE  BUYING  send  for  our  descriptive  catalogue 
Delaware  and  Maryland  Farms,  FREE. 
■FORD  &  REIS  (Inc-),  Dept.  H,  Wilmington,  Del. 

pQI)  SAT  Farm  of  Eighty  Acres— wood, 
'~yx\  GxlEL,  timber,  eight- room,  two-story 
house,  basement  barn  30  by  44,  hog  house,  hen 
house,  all  in  very  good  condition.  Buildings  are 
insured  for  $1,100.  Apples,  peaches  and  cherries. 
Three-fourths  mile  from  church,  creame.ry  and 
markets.  Price  $1,050 — $900  cash,  balance  mortgage 
at  5  per  cent.  HALL’S  FARM  AGENCY,  Owego, 
Tioga  County,  New  York. 


WANTFfl~MAN  "dl°  thoroughly  understands 
If  Mil  I  LU  the  care  of  hogs  in  all  its  branches. 
Address,  stating  references  and  salary  wanted, 
DRAWER  62,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Wanted-Farmer-Fruit  Grower 

To  take  place  on  snares,  or  salary  and  shares.  Must 
have  team  and  tools.  ORCHARD  FARM.  Peekskill.  N.  1. 


Greidcr’s  Fine  Catalogue 

of  pure  bred  poultry,  for  1911,  over  200 
pages,  57  colored  pictures  of  fowls,  calen- 
darfor  each  month,  illustrations,  descrip¬ 
tions,  photos,  incubators,  brooders,  and 
all  details  concerning  the  business,  where 
and  how  to  buy  fine  poultry,  eggs  for 
batching,  supplies,  etc.,  at  lowest  cost. 
Send  15c.  B.  H.  Greioer,  Box  58,  Rheems,  Pa 


Kirkup’s  Utility  Strain  S.C.W  bite  Leghorns 

Bred  for  vigor,  size  and  large  white  market  eggs. 
Eggs  and  Baby  Chicks  for  sale.  Custom  hatching  a 
specialty.  Send  forcireular.  Kirkup  Bros.,  Mattituck.L.I. 


Farmers  and  Poultrymen. 

Yon  must  not  blame  us  if  occasionally  onr  en¬ 
thusiasm  bubbles  over  when  speaking  of  our  cus¬ 
tom  batching  department  as  carried  on  by  our 
experts  in  our  mammoth  hot  water  incubator. 
Results  are  showing  people  all  over  the  country 
that  we  know  our  business  by  saving  them  time, 
worry  and  money,  and  giving  them  stronger  chicks 
than  the  old  hen  or  kerosene  oil  fume  incubators 
ever  did.  You  send  us  the  eggs— we’ll  do  the  rest- 
do  it  right  and  send  you  the  chicks.  Write  for  in¬ 
formation  and  prices,  anyway. 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM,  Millerton,  N.Y. 

Buff,  Wh.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  8.  C.  K.I.  Bed. 
Eggs,  90c.  per  15,  $1 .50  per  30.  $2.75  per  00,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  pa. 

COLUMBIAN  WYANDOTTES — Beauty  &  utility  combined. 
Splendid,  vigorous  Cockerels  and  Pens  mated.  Ad¬ 
dress  RALPH  WOODWABD,  Box  28,  Grafton,  Mass’ 


American  Poultry  Plant.  Collins,  Ohio—  Kellerstraea 
Crystal  \V.  Orpingtons,  Wyckoflf  S,  C.  \V.  Leghorns.  Mammoth 
White  Holland  Turkeys,  White  African  Guineas,  Indian  ltunuer 
Ducks.  Stock  &  eggs  for  hatching.  600  choice  male  birds  for  sale 


EGGS — $1  per  15,  $2  per  40  of  Thor.  Brahmas.  Hocks,  Wyan¬ 
dottes,  Reds,  Minorcas,  Houdans,  Leghorns,  Hamimrgs;  19  var., 
28  years’  experience.  Catalogue.  S.  K.  M..hr,  Coopersburg,  Pa. 


Pfllll  TRYMPW_Send  1°  cents  for  our  fine  60- 
I  UULI  LI  I  111  LIT  p:  ge  Illustrated  Catalogue. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Marietta,  Pa. 


INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS— Heavy  laying  strain — $5.00 
I  per  trio,  GEO.  BOWDISH,  Esperance,  N.  Y. 

SNOW  WHITE  WYAND0HE  EGGS  for  hatching,  $1  per  15. 

$5  per  100.  A  few  good  Cockerels.  Circular  free. 
GOLDENROD  FARM,  Dept.  R,  Stewartstown,  Pa. 


mine  DQEn  While  Holland  Turkeys,  Great 
rUElC  ■  ntll  Layers. Domestic.ChoiccToms. 

MRS.  NILES  GROVER.  South  Mew  Berlin.  N.  Y. 


Mammoth  Bronze  Turkeys 

PARTRIDGE  COCHIN  Cocks  and  Cockerels  for  sale. 
D.  S.  Hartwell.  (Stamp.) 

HEDGE  LAWN  FARM,  Washington,  Conn. 


W 


ILD  AND  BRONZE  TURKEY  EGGS-Chicken  Eggs.  Hand- 

■  some  Catalog  2  ct. 

stamp,  showing  pure  wild  gobbler  from  the  moun- 

VALLEY  Vf - 


tain. 


VIEW  POULTRY  FARM,  Belleville.  Pa. 


W  ANTF1Y“A  Partner  40  tak®  half  interest 

’’’  *  J -‘U  in  and  manage  a  fifty-acre  fruit 

and  truck  farm  near  Glens  Falls,  N.  Y.  Address 
“RODGERS,”  care  Rural  New-Yorker. 


OMART  YOUNG  AMERICAN  to  learn  Retail 
Nursery  trade.  Must  have  farm  experience, 
education  and  ability  at  pencil  drawing.  $48.  mo. 
$58.  next  yr.  Fine  future. 

B,  B,  NUKSEUY,  West  Newton,  Mass. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


AND  UP- 
WARD 


AMERICAN 

SEPARATOR 

SENT  ON  TRIAL,  FULLY 
GUARANTEED.  A  new,  well 
made,  easy  running  separator  for 
$15.95.  Skims  hot  or  cold  milk; 
heavy  or  light  cream.  Different 
from  this  picture  which  illus¬ 
trates  our  large  capacity  ma¬ 
chines  Tho  bowl  is  a  sanitary 
marvel,  easily  cleaned.  Whether 
dairy  is  large  or  small,  obtain  our 
handsome  free  catalog.  Address 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO. 


Box 

BAINBRIDGE.N.Y. 


that  ntver 
wcura  out  is — 
Slate.  Docs  not 
or  water -soak, 
t  melt  —  not  af¬ 
fected  by  the  weather  or 
climate.  The  only  roof  that  is 
verlasting.  SHELDON'S 
GREEN  AND  PURPLE  ROOFING 
SLATE,  the  only  material  without  on 
equal.  No  more  expenaivethan  other  high- 
grade  roofing.  Send  toil  ay  for  our  free  book 
“Tho  Boof  Question,”  and  tell  us  your  wants. 

F.C.Sheldon  Slate  Co. 


oieei  wneease 

That’s  So!  Hired  hands  are 
getting  scarcer  every  day: 
\but  LOW  DOWN  STEEL 
WHEELS  will  help  to  take 
\  their  place.  Then,  too,  the 
I  sun  don’t  affect  a  steel  wheel 
j  like  it  does  the  best  of  hired 
f  help.  More  brain  and  less 
^muscle  nowadays.  Cata- 
I  logue  free  to  you. 

HAVANA  METAL  WHEEL  CO. 

Box  H,  Havana,  111. 


A  HARNESS 

THAT  OUTLIVES  THE 
HORSE 


Our  catalogue  accurately  illustrates  over 
75  Styles  of  harness  for  all  purposes.  Prices 
are  wholesale — saves  S10  to  SI  5  on  every  harness. 
Only  best  oak-tanned  leather  is  used.  Every  harness 
guaranteed  for  five  years  Catalogue  F  free. 

King  Harness  Co.,  6  Lake  Si.,  Cwego,  Tioga  Co.,  N.  Y 


To  mcmillan  fur  &  wool  co. 

.  .  .A  MINNEAPOLIS,  MINN. 

Illustrated  Circular  Free  to  anyone  interested  in 
RAW  FURS.” 

Trappers’  Guide  .Free  to  those  who  ship  to  us. 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOR 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 
GUARANTEED  MONEY-SAVING 


INTERNATIONAL 

SILOS 


strongest  built,  simplest  to  put  up  and  easiest  operated 
on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take- up  hoop — 
continuous  open-door  front — air-tight  door  and  per¬ 
manent  ladder  are  some  of  the  unusual  features.  Th. 

InterarM-n.I  S"«  r„..  113  Main  St..  Liueavilla.  (h 


will  reduce  inllamed,  swollen  Joinls. 
Bruises,  Soft  Bunches.  Cure  Boils,  Fis- 
lula  or  any  unhealthy  sore  quickly; 
pleasant  to  uso;  dues  cot  blister 
under  bandage  or  remove  the  hair, 
and  you  can  work  the  horse.  $2  per 
bottle  at  dealers  or  delivered. 
Horse  Book  7  D  free. 

ABSORDINE,  J.?  ,  for  mankind, 
$1.00  per  bottle.  Reduces  Varicose 
^^-oVeins,  Varicocele,  Hydrocele. 
Goitre,  Wens,  Strains,  Bruises, 
stone  Pain  and  inflammation. 
YOUNG,  P.  D.  F.,  88  temple  St.,  Springfield,  Mass. 


Meeker 


Disc  Smoothing  Harrow, 

Onion  Seed  Drills  and  Hand  Wheel  Hoes. 
Southport  Globe  Onioa  Seed. 

Send  for  Catalogue  and  Prices. 


THE  C.  0.  JELLIFF  MFG.  C0RP. 

Southport,  Connecticut 


sea 


THE  RURAli  NEW-YORKER 


February  25,  1911. 


Use  This  Machine  10  Days 


Sharpen  All  Your  Tools 

at  Our  Expense 

Sharpen  every  tool  you  have.  We 
don’t  care  how  many  tools  you  put 
in  order.  The  more  you  will  use  the 

Grinder  the  better  we  will  like  it.  Keep  the 
machine  going  every  minute  if  you  like — no 
chance  of  hurting  it  a  bit — use  it  just  as  though 
it  were  your  own — use  it  for  ten  full  days  if 
you  like— then,  if  you  don’t  want  it,  send  it  back  at  our  expense.  Remember— this  trial  is  abso 
lutely  free.  You  may  sharpen  every  tool  you  have  on  your  place  positively  at  our  expense. 


MACHINES 

1.  One  Sickle  Grinding  Wheel  (Improved)  6.  One  Sickle  Holding  Attachment. 

2.  One  Fine  Grinding  Wheel  (Improved)  7.  One  Scythe  Sttme  (New)  , 

3.  One  Coarse  Grinding  Wheel  ( Improved)  8.  One  Harman  Special  *«or  Honi* Tlew) 

4.  One  Harman  Special  Oil  Stone  (Improved)  9.  One  Disc  Grinding  Attachment  (New) 

5.  One  Saw  Gummer  (Improved)  10.  One  Tool  Rest 


Yes,  free — absolutely  free — we  don’t 
ask  you  to  send  us  a  cent — there  are 
no  C.O.  D.  charges — no  promises  of 

any  kind — all  we  ask  is  your  permission  to 
send  you  this  wonderful  Harman  Steel  Frame 
Grinder  on  an  absolutely  free  trial  for  ten 
whole  days.  Use  the  grinder  in  any  way  you 
wish — use  it  just  as  if  it  were  your  own.  Prove 
to  yourself  just  what  kind  of  a  machine  it  is — 
then  at  the  end  of  ten  days  decide  whether  you 
want  it.  If  for  any  reason  you  decide  you  do 
not  want  it,  just  send  it  back  at  our  expense. 


Stones  of  Alectride-Frame  of  Steel 

Every  grinding  wheel  used  in  this  machine  is  made  throughout  of  genuine  Alectride 
_ the  most  wonderful  abrasive  ever  discovered — so  hard  it  scratches  the  diamond  it¬ 
self — cuts  into  the  hardest  steel  like  so  much  cheese — grinds  so  fast  it  cannot  possibly  draw  the 
temper  from  the  steel.  The  hardest  abrasive  the  world  ever  saw.  The  frame  of  the  Harman 
Grinder  is  made  of  steel — there  are  no  loose  joints  to  shake  and  wobble — no  wood  to  warp  and 
shrink.  The  frame  is  made  of  steel— absolutely  firm  and  rigid— every  job  finished  as  true  as  a 
die.  A  boy  ten  years  old  can  do  expert  work  on  the  Harman  Steel  Frame  Grinder. 


35  Times  Faster  Than  the  Grindstone 

Yes,  the  wheels  of  this  wonderful  grinder,  made  of  Alectride — the  hardest  abrasive  known— do  their  work  35  times 
faster  than  the  grindstone,  and  12  times  faster  than  the  best  emery  wheel — just  think  of  it  do  better  work,  too. 
FREE  ^  The  Harman  Steel  Frame  Alectride  Grinder  will  not  take  the  temper  from  your 

COUPON  ▼^S^ld,the\?up,<J.n  steel— and  the  book  which  we  send  you  free  explains  exactly  how  you  may 

Today  Don  t  / grind  every  one  of  your  tools  and  implements  as  well  as  could  the  most  expert  me- 
Delay  It.  clianic.  YOU  should  get  this  grinder  on  your  farm  and  see  what  it  does !  You  don’t 

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Before  you  buy  a  Cream  Separator 
See  and  try  a  DE  LAVAL 


IS  THERE  ANY  DOUBT  IN  YOUR  MIND  as  to  which  cream 
separator  will  give  you  the  most  satisfactory  service  and  be  the 
most  economical  for  you  to  buy? 

Are  the  claims  made  by  the  different  cream  separator  manufac¬ 
turers  confusing? 

Here  is  a  proposition  that  should  interest  you  : 

Ask  our  nearest  agent  to  bring  a  DE  LAVAL  out  to  your  house 
and  set  it  up  for  you.  (If  you  don’t  know  the  DE  LAVAL  agent  drop 
us  a  line  and  we  will  give  you  his  name  and  address.)  Try  out  any 
other  separator  you  wish  alongside  of  it.  Give  them  both  a  fair, 
honest  trial.  Then  buy  the  machine  that 

Skims  the  cleanest 
Turns  the  easiest 
Is  easiest  to  wash 
Is  best  constructed 

If  there  is  any  doubt  in  your  mind  when  you  make  this  test  as 
to  the  comparative  skimming  of  the  two  machines,  take  a  sample 
of  skim-milk  from  each  separator  and  send  it  to  your  State' Experi¬ 
ment  Station.  They  will  tell  you  which  sample  contains  the  most 
butter-fat. 

We  sell  thousands  and  thousands  of  cream  separators  every 
year  upon  just  such  tests. 

We  don’t  hesitate  to  ask  you  to  make  such  a  test  because  we 
know  the  DE  LAVAL  will  skim  cleaner  and  give  you  better  service 
than  any  machine  on  the  market.  That’s  why  we  are  perfectly 
willing  to  let  you  try  it  out  alongside  of  any  “would-be”  competitive 
machine  ever  built.  Our  willingness  to  have  you  make  such  a  test 

should  mean  more  to  you  than  volumes  of  printed  claims. 

Give  your  cows  a  square  deal.  Be  fair  to  yourself.  If  there  is  any  one 
farm  machine  that  should  be  of  the  very  best  possible  construction  it  is  the 
cream  separator.  It  is  used  oftener  than  any  piece  of  farm  machinery,— 730 
times  a  year— and  the  very  best  machine  that  you  can  buy  will  be  far  the 
cheapest  in  the  end.  You  have  always  heard  the  DE  LAVAL  spoken  of  as  a 
high-grade  machine.  You  have  never  talked  with  aDE  LAVAL  user  who 
was  not  enthusiastic  about  it. 

DE  LAVAL  cream  separators  are  made  in  all  sizes  and  capacities,  from  a 
135-lb.  an  hour  machine  that  sells  for  $35,  to  a  1350-lb.  machine  that  sells 
for  $160. 

DE  LAVALS  are  made  to  run  by  hand,  or  they  can  be  furnished  with 
attachments  for  operation  by  various  kinds  of  power. 

We  have  agents  in  almost  every  locality  who  will  be  glad  to  set  the 
machine  up  for  you  and  give  you  a  free  trial,  and  we  have  an  arrangement 
with  our  agents  whereby  a  purchaser,  if  he  desires,  may  make  a  partial  payment 
at  time  of  purchase,  and  pay  the  balance  on  easy  terms  covering  a  period  of 
twelve  months. 

If  you  are  interested  in  the  purchase  of  a  cream  separator  be  sure  to 
write  for  our  new  catalog  which  illustrates  and  describes  in  detail  the  features 
which  have  made  the  DE  LAVAL  the  universal  favorite  among  dairymen  all 
over  the  world. 

Please  address  all  inquiries  to  nearest  DE  LAVAL  office 

TSS  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  CO. 

1fir  Rroadway  42  E.  Madison  Street  Drumw  &  Sacramento  Sts. 

NEW  YORK  CHICAGO  SAN  FRANCISCO 


rvgO  /  OF  THE  WORLD’S 
/O  CREAMERIES  USE 

DE  LAVAL 

CREAM  SEPARATORS 


Ten  years  ago  there  were  a  dozen  different  makes 
of  creamery  or  factory  separators  in  use.  Today  over 
9S  per  cent,  of  the  world’s  creameries  use  DE  LAVAL 
separators  exclusively. 

It  means  a  difference  of  several  thousand  dollars  a 
year  whether  a  DE  LAVAL  or  some  other  make  of 
separator  is  used  in  a  creamery. 

Exactly  the  same  differences  exist,  on  a  smaller 
scale,  in  the  use  of  farm  separators.  Owing  to  the 
fact,  however,  that  most  farm  users  do  not  keep  as 
accurate  records  as  the  creamery  man,  they  do  not 
appreciate  just  what  the  difference  between  a  good 
and  a  poor  separator  means  to  them  in  dollars  and 
cents.  Nine  times  out  of  ten  the  farmer  can’t  tell 
whether  or  not  he  is  wasting  $50  to  $100  a  year  in 
quantity  and  quality  of  product  through  the  use  of 
an  inferior  cream  separator. 

Now,  if  you  were  in  need  of  legal  advice,  you 
would  go  to  a  lawyer.  If  you  were  sick  you  would 
consult  a  doctor.  If  you  had  the  toothache  you 
would  call  on  a  dentist.  Why?  Because  these  men 
are  all  specialists  ir.  their  line,  and  you  rely  upon  their 
judgment  and  skill.  When  it  comes  to  buying  a  sepa¬ 
rator  why  not  profit  by  the  experience  of  the  cream- 
tryman?  His  experience  qualifies  him  to  advise  you 
correctly.  He  knows  which  separator  will  give  you 
the  best  service  and  be  the  most  economical  for  you 
to  buy.  That's  why  98  per  cent,  of  the  world’s  cream¬ 
eries  use  the  DE  LAVAL  exclusively. 

There  can  be  no  better  recommendation  for  the 
DE  LAVAL  than  the  fact  that  the  men  who  make 
the  separation  of  milk  a  business  use  the  DE  LAVAL 
to  the  practical  exclusion  of  all  other  makes. 


173-177  William  Street 
MONTREAL 


14  &  16  Princess  Street 
WINNIPEG 


1016  Western  Avenue 
SEATTLE 


(‘‘trvn.Tiin 


PHOTO  'LN'e.CQ.N- 

Vol.  LXX.  No.  4088 


NEW  YORK,  MARCH  4,  1911 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR 


THE  POTATO  SEED  QUESTION. 

Is  Northern  Stock  Best  for  Long  Island? 

The  question  as  to  why  Long  Island  potato  growers 
prefer  northern-grown  seed  in  preference  to  home 
grown,  was  presented  to  the  Riverhead  Town  Agri¬ 
cultural  Society,  and  the  following  answers  given: 
“Northern  seed  does  not  set  as  heavily  and  matures 
earlier  than  home-grown  seed.  In  the  particular  sec¬ 
tion  covered  by  this  So¬ 
ciety  prior  to  1900  each 
grower  purchased  a  few 
bags  of  northern  seed 
each  year  to  renew  his 
stock.  In  1900  there  was 
an  entire  failure  of  home¬ 
grown  seed.  Since  that 
time  growers  have  used 
northern-grown  seed  and 
appear  to  be  unable  to 
break  away  from  the  bad 
habit.”  Possibly  there 
is  one  other  reason,  be¬ 
sides  those  given  above, 
why  northern-grown  may 
do  better  than  home¬ 
grown  seed,  viz.,  the  eyes 
of  an  immature  potato 
will  usually  start  to 
grow  more  quickly  than 
those  of  a  mature  one. 

Personally,  I  do  not 
sanction  the  last  half  of 
the  first  reason.  If  cor¬ 
rect  this  fault  could  be 
remedied  b  y  selection. 

My  judgment  is  that 
these  are  the  only  rea¬ 
sons  that  can  be  given 
in  favor  of  northern- 
grown  seed.  Are  they 
good  and  sufficient  rea¬ 
sons  ? 

The  question  as  to 
whether  home  -  grown 
seed  can  be  used  will 
have  to  be  answered 
from  observations.  The 
growers  at  Orient  say 
•they  grew  the  Early  Ohio 
for  30  years  without  re¬ 
newal.  An  early  potato 
grown  for  30  years  with¬ 
out  importing  new  blood 
from  the  North !  flow 
could  they  keep  an  early 
potato,  which  ripened  in 
July,  for  seed?  Was  the 
seed  selected?  Did  they 
used  the  hill  method  of 
selection  ?  The  growers 
who  continued  to  use 
the  home-grown  Early 
Ohio  for  seed  the  long¬ 
est,  selected  their  seed  as 
farmers  usually  do,  from 
the  bin,  but  actually  selecting  enough  of  it  with  care 
to  plant  an  acre  or  more  to  grow  seed  for  the  fol¬ 
lowing  year.  When  time  came  to  dig  the  main  crop 
and  rush  same  off  to  Connecticut  markets  to  get  in 
ahead  of  the  Jersey  grower,  or  to  get  the  crop  off 
the  ground  for  a  crop  of  squash  or  cucumbers,  the 
acre  of  selected  seed  was  left  and  allowed  to  mature, 
to  be  dug  later  in  the  Fall  and  all  stored  for  seed.  A 
selection  was  made  from  this  seed  for  the  stock  acre 
4he  following  year,  and  so  on. 


Lhifortunately  many  were  not  as  careful,  or  con¬ 
versely  too  careful;  they  selected  from  the  bin  for 
potatoes  with  shallow  eyes,  and  even  cut  off  the  eye 
end  of  the  tubers  and  planted  only  the  stem  end 
pieces.  Object,  a  perfectly  smooth  Early  Ohio  and  the 
avoidance  of  too  many  sprouts  in  each  hill  with  its 
resultant  heavy  set  of  tubers.  Result,  seed  pieces 
that  never  sprouted,  seed  pieces  with  sprouts  the  size 
of  knitting  needles,  sprouts  so  weak  they  could  not 


stand  much  fertilizer  near  them  and  subject  to  “stem 
rot’  (Rhizoctonia  » .  Consequently  poor  stands,  poor 
crops,  the  loss  of  a  good  strain  of  early  potato,  and  a 
search  for  new  seed,  a  new  variety,  etc.  The  fact 
that  the  “Hamptons”  use  home-grown  seed  has  al¬ 
ready  been  given,  page  1183,  of  last  year.  Unfortun¬ 
ately  these  are  becoming  few  and  far  between.  They 
are  following  the  bad  habits  of  the  “North  Sider.” 
Do  they  select  seed?  Yes,  some  of  them  sell  all  the 
firsts  and  plant  the  seconds  left  in  the  bin.  These  are 


the  growers  who  have  contracted  the  “bad  habit.” 
The  foregoing  shows  that  in  some  sections,  at  least, 
of  Long  Island  home-grown  potatoes  can  be  or  have 
been  used  for  seed.  I  know  of  a  grower  who  has 
recently  grown  home-grown  Carman  No.  1  three  years 
in  succession.  There  is  an  apparent  tendency  for  his 
home-grown  Carman  to  increase  the  set  of  tubers  per 
hill.  Whether  this  can  be  overcome  or  even  deferred 
by  hill  selection  remains  to  be  proven. 

In  conclusion,  the  ad¬ 
vantages  o  f  northern- 
grown  seed  are  supposed 
to  be  as  follows :  Us¬ 
ually  start  growth  quick¬ 
ly,  make  a  small  set  per 
hill  with  resultant  large 
tubers,  sometimes  over- 
g  r  o  w  n.  Disadvantages, 
coarse  seed  that  cuts  to 
waste,  mixed  seed,  and 
for  several  years  past 
seed  which  in  many  cases 
has  been  more  subject  to 
stem  rot  and  given 
poorer  stands  than  home¬ 
grown  seed  (possibly 
selection  needed  where 
grown).  Another  disad¬ 
vantage  not  often  noticed 
is  that  northern-grown 
seed  is  grown  in  sections 
where  late  or  rot  blight 
is  prevalent  each  year, 
and  not  all  the  growers 
practice  thorough  spray¬ 
ing.  The  result  is  blight- 
affected  seed,  in  which 
if  it  becomes  heated  in 
storage  or  in  transit,  rot 
follows;  seed  which,  if 
not  planted  deep,  is  liable 
to  rot  in  growth  before 
the  sprouts  start  and  get 
on  their  own  roots.  That 
is,  where  such  seed  is 
planted  shallow  and  we 
have  a  hot  spell  at  time 
or  just  following  plant¬ 
ing,  which  warms  the 
surface  soil  to  the  proper 
temperature,  the  blight 
seeds  or  spores  on  the 
seed  pieces  grow,  caus¬ 
ing  the  same  to  rot  be¬ 
fore  sprouting. 

Even  though  the  weight 
of  evidence  is  against  the 
use  of  home-grown  seed, 
the  indications  are  that 
for  the  Long  Island 
grower,  if  not  for  all 
growers,  it  might  pay 
well  to  import  only 
enough  northern  -  grown 
seed  each  year  to  grow 
an  acre  or  more  of  stock 
seed  and  depend  on  one-year  home-grown  stock  for 
the  bulk  of  his  crop.  Hill  selection  from  the  acre  of 
stock  seed  would  undoubtedly  carry  the  good  quali¬ 
ties  of  the  northern  seed  along  for  a  few  years.  By 
following  this  method  a  complete  failure  of  Northern 
grown  seed  for  one  season  would  not  be  such  a  severe 
loss.  The  danger  of  seed  maturing  too  early  and  not 
keeping  well  in  storage  can  be  partially  overcome  by 
leaving  part  of  an  acre,  or  several  acres  if  need  be,  to 
be  dug  late  in  the  Fall.  When  the  vines  are  nearly 


NOT  HIGH  CULTURE,  BUT  A  GOOD  YIELD.  Fig.  71 


268 


all  mature  the  portion  of  field  to  be  saved  for  seed 
should  be  well  ridged  to  keep  down  weeds  and  grass, 
and  to  protect  the  tubers  from  an  excess  of  water, 
also  from  heat.  With  a  little  care  in  storing  and  at¬ 
tending  to  the  ventilation  there  should  be  no  trouble 
from  the  seed  sprouting  in  storage.  By  following  the 
above  and  by  keeping  the  vines  free  from  blight  by 
thorough  spraying  a  grower  can  have  the  satisfaction 
of  eliminating  several  factors  of  chance. 

Answering  the  direct  questions:  I  see  no  reason 
why  the  hill  method  of  selecting  seed  possibly  com¬ 
bined  with  the  importation  of  enough  Northern  seed 
every  few  years  to  add  vigor  should  not  give  us  ideal 
conditions.  As  to  whether  seed  keeps  better  stored 
in  the  North  or  stored  by  the  user  my  judgment  is,  it 
all  depends  on  the  care  given  the  seed.  The  indica¬ 
tions  are  that  sometimes  the  seed  speculator  either 
puts  too  many  tubers  in  one  bin,  or  lets  them  become 
heated  in  transportation.  Furthermore,  he  always  has 
trouble  to  distinguish  one  variety  from  another;  as  a 
result  the  purchaser  has  g^een  .sterns  .blue  stems,  white 
blossoms,  purple  and  pink  blossoms,  all  in  one  field. 

s.  A.  F. 

_ _ _ _  i 


THE  ‘‘INJECTION  TREATMENT”  FOR  TREES 


The  Globe  (Utica)  in  a  recent  issue  gave  qi.  r  ,  a  full 
account  of  treatment  of  a  non-bearing  plum  tree  by  a 
Mr.  Morrison,  of  Delaware.  The  article  states  that  in 
this  case  the  tree  had  not  previously  borne  any  amount 
of  fruit,  and  the  owner  being  a  believer  in  calomel  for 
man,  conceived  the  idea  of  trying  the  same  treatment  on 
his  tree.  As  a  result  the  tree  the  following  season  was 
heavily  laden  with  fine  fruit.  My  attention  was  called 
to  the  article  by  a  manufacturer  of  fertilizers,  who  could 
readily  see  how  a  sufficient  amount  of  high-grade  material 
might  have  the  recorded  effect,  but  all  who  heard  of  the 
case  were  at  a  loss  to  understand  how  a  few  grains  of 
calomel  could  produce  such  a  marvelous  change  in  a 
single  season.  Now  if  such  a  simple  method  as  boring 
a  small  hole  in  the  trunk  of  a  tree  and  injecting  therein 
a  few  grains  of  calomel  for  a  non-bearing  tree,  or  perhaps 
a  nax-cotic  for  one  that  has  been  too  active,  and  sets  too 
much  fruit,  it  seems  that  we  may  soon  reach  the  point 
where  we  can  diagnose  the  case  and  from  a  small  bottle 
administer  a  few  drops,  or  perhaps  a  pill,  and  give  our 
attention  to  other  matters.  Also,  how  much  easier  it 
will  be  to  walk  around  with  a  few  small  bottles  in  one’s 
pocket  than  to  haul  with  teams  bags  of  fertilizer  weigh¬ 
ing  200  pounds  each.  We  would  of  course  be  sorry  for 
our  friends,  the  fertilizer  makers  and  distributors,  but 
they  would  simply  need  to  remodel  their  factories  into 
drug  stores  and  continue  business.  We  would  like  to 
know  if  there  is  anything  in  the  calomel  treatment,  or 
was  the  change  due  to  other  causes?  l.  *>•  L- 

Delaware. 

The  question  raised  is  essentially  whether  or  not 
the  fruitfulness  of  orchard  trees  can  be  materially 
affected  by  certain  injections.  On  the  value  of  the 
particular  material  referred  to,  calomel,  apparently  no 
definite  experiments  have  been  made,  probably  because 
it  is  insoluble  and  hence  would  doubtless  remain 
practically  inert  and  stationary  in  the  tree.  The  sin 
gle  favorable  case  cited, 
in  which  there  were  no 
similar  untreated  trees 
and  no  repetitions  or 
duplications  of  test,  is 
evidently  insufficient  for 
any  conclusion.  More¬ 
over,  the  well-known 
fickleness  in  bearing 
habit  of  many  trees  and 
the  many  other  possible 
factors  involved  make  it 
extremely  doubtful 
whether  the  increase  in 
fruiting  was  in  any  way 
connected  with  the  in¬ 
jection  of  calomel.  In 
other  words,  the  proba¬ 
bilities  are  that  calomel 
is  wholly  useless  for  the 
purpose  indicated.  If  it 
had  any  influence  at  all, 
it  was  doubtless  indirect, 
as  a  result  of  the  partial 
girdling  of  the  tree  ac¬ 
companying  its  intro¬ 
duction,  but  girdling  can 
be  done  in  a  better  way. 

On  the  value  of  other 
injected  materials  con¬ 
siderable  experimental 
work  has  been  done. 

Very  little  of  this  work 
has  been  directed  exact¬ 
ly  at  the  question  of 
fruitfulness,  however,  most  of  it  being  along  the  line 
of  tree  medication  or  rejuvenation,  but  the  results 
observed  are  of  interest  in  showing  approximately 
what  may  be  expected  from  such  operations. 

The  earliest  work  that  has  come  to  the  writer’s 
attention  is  that  of  a  Russian,  Mokrzhetski,  reported 
in  Russian  periodicals  in  1903  (and  abstracted  in 
Experiment  Station  Record,  Vol.  XVI,  p.  982).  Un¬ 


A  SCENE  ON  THE  LAWN  AT  HOPE  FARM.  Fig. 

thought  it  might  after  several  years  serve  as  a  guide 
for  determining  which  elements  should  be  added  to 
the  soil.  All  these  experiments  are  of  interest,  but 
must  be  considered  suggestive,  rather  than  conclusive 
In  America  the  earliest  work  apparently  is  that  of 
Bolley.  (See  Reports  of  North  Dakota  Station  for 
1904  and  1907.)  He  used  many  substances  and  con¬ 
cludes  “that  formaldehyde,  copper  sulphate  and  iron 


GRAPE  GRAFTING. 

One  who  undertakes 
the  grafting'  of  the  grape 
should  understand  that 
it  is  a  somewhat  difficult 
operation,  not  that  it 
need  be  largely  a  failure, 
but  that  the  greatest 
care  must  be  exercised 
in  order  to  make  the  re¬ 
sults  entirely  satisfac¬ 
tory.  Care  must  be  taken 
not  only  in  performing  the  operation  itself  but  also 
in  the  selection  of  the  stocks  and  the  scions  as  well. 
The  stocks  should  be  vigorous  and  healthy,  and  the 
scions  in  addition  to  that  should  be  taken  from  mature 
vines;  scions  from  young  vines  are  apt  to  be  largely 
a  failure.  I  select  the  wood  for  the  scions  in  the 
late  Fall  previous  to  the  time  when  they  are  to  be 
used,  cut  it  in  lengths  as  long  as  convenient  and 


March  4, 

sulphate,  when  properly  applied,  tend  to  hasten  the 
recovery  of  apple  trees  from  sunscald  and  sour  heart, 
and  to  check  the  development  of  apple  blight.”  The 
formaldehyde  was  used  at  strengths  varying  from 
one-half  part  to  two  parts  per  1,000  of  water,  the 
rapid-absorbing  trees  requiring  the  weaker  solutions. 
He  reports  increased  vigor  and  fruiting  in  the  treated 
trees,  but  states  that  care  is  demanded  to  avoid  in¬ 
jury,  and  the  resistance  of  trees  to  this  injury  was 
apparently  extremely  variable. 

Other  work  in  this  country  has  been  done  by 
Chandler  at  the  Missouri  Station,  testing  the  effect 
of  potash  salts  on  the  hardiness  of  peach  trees;  and 
experiments  on  the  value  of  injections  in  the  control 
of  fire  blight,  especially  in  nursery  trees,  are  in  pro¬ 
gress  by  V.  B.  Stewart,  at  the  Cornell  Station.  In 
the  last-named  work,  various  fungicidal  solutions 
have  been  readily  taken  up  by  the  young  trees  through 
tubes  attached  to  cut-off  branches,  but  the  result  has 
usually  been  serious  injury  to  the  trees,  even  with 
solutions  as  dilute  as  one  part  of  copper  sulphate  to 
2,000  of  water.  Similar  serious  injury  to  the  young 
trees  resulted  from  corrosive  sublimate  at  one  to 
500;  lime-sulphur  at  one  to  200,  and  slight  injury  from 
potassium  permanganate  at  one  to  2,000.  Hence  little 
hope  of  success  with  injections  of  such  inorganic  ma¬ 
terials  is  now  entertained. 

The  whole  subject  of  tree-injections  is  thus  seen  tct 
be  in  a  rather  unsettled  state.  The  fact  has  been 
clearly  established  that,  with  a  proper  arrangement  of 
tubes  and  receptacles,  trees  in  foliage  will  readily 
take  up  considerable  quantities  of  soluble  salts. 
Nutritive  salts  or  solutions  in  moderate  amounts  are 
frequently  beneficial,  though  the  effect  seems  to  be 
more  or  less  confined  to  one  portion  of  the  tree.  Cer¬ 
tain  poisons,  when  used  in  extremely  weak  solutions, 
may  be  stimulative  to  trees,  as  they  are  to  animals 
and  other  plants,  and  they  may  afford  some  protec¬ 
tion  again  certain  diseases,  though  the  evidence  is  not 
at  all  clear  on  this  point,  and  their  use  must  be  at¬ 
tended  with  great  caution.  The  problem  is  evidently 
one  for  the  investigator,  and  one  that  requires  much 
more  study  before  anything  definite  can  be  offered  to 
the  practical  orchardist. 

Some  of  the  possibilities  pictured  by  the  corre¬ 
spondent  may  be  attainable  in  the  future,  but  for  the 
present  there  are  no  permanent  short-cuts  to  fruit¬ 
fulness  in  trees.  For  this,  the  essentials  are  healthy, 
mature  trees  of  proper  variety  and  location;  satis¬ 
factory  pollination;  protection  from  the  various 
enemies,  and  sufficient  plant  food  and  tillage  or 
other  care  to  maintain  proper  growth  and  health  in 
the  tree.  It  is  usually  some  deficiency  in  one  or  more 
of  these  factors  that  causes  lack  of  fruitfulness.  In 
certain  extreme  cases,  however,  when  everything 
seems  to  be  right  and  the  trees  still  fail  to  bear,  the 

condition  may  often  be 
temporarily  remedied  by 
a  judicious  .  shocking  of 
the  trees,  by  such  means 
as  sudden  checking  of 
growth  or  careful  gird¬ 
ling  at  the  proper  place 
and  time.  Beyond  this 
we  cannot  go  at  the 
present  time,  certainly 
not  by  any  known  sys¬ 
tem  of  injections.  And 
until  more  is  known  on 
the  subject,  it  is  the 
writer’s  opinion  that  all 
such  “remedies”  should 
be  avoided  by  orchard- 
ists,  especially  those  with' 
uncertain  history  and 
considerable  prices  at¬ 
tached.  J.  P.  STEWART. 

Penn.  Expt.  Station. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

der  the  heading  of  a  “New  Method  of  Healing  and 
Nourishing  Trees,”  he  describes  briefly  his  results 
from  injecting  various  nutritive  salts,  both  dry  and 
in  solution,  into  some  five  hundred  trees.  Tests 
were  made  upon  oaks,  poplars,  frost-injured  syca¬ 
mores,  diseased  Acacias,  grapes,  pears  and  apples. 
Iron  sulphate  is  reported  to  have  been  successfully 
used  against  chlorosis,  anthracnose  of  grape,  and 
some  fungous  diseases  of  the  apple.  Solutions  of 
acetic,  oxalic,  and  tartaric  acids  were  used  against 
gummosis ;  and  solutions  of  arsenic,  copper  sulphate, 
manganese,  and  barium  salts  are  said  to  have  been 


GRAFTING  THE  GRAPEVINE.  Fig.  72. 

used  more  or  less  successfully  in  combating  the  bark 
beetle  and  a  species  of  aphis.  In  France,  Simon  in¬ 
jected  solutions  of  nitrate  of  potash,  copper  sulphate, 
purin,  and  sap-like  solutions  into  the  trunks  of  rather 
decrepit  apples,  peaches,  vines  and  potatoes,  with 
marked  rejuvenating  effect  in  most  cases.  (See  The 
Gardener’s  Chronicle,  London,  Third  Ser.,  41,  (1907), 
No.  1043,  p.  8.)  He  was  followed  by  Fron,  working 
on  pears  and  using  solutions  of  iron  sulphate  and 
calcium  nitrate.  (See  Journal  de  la  Societe  National 
d’  Horticulture  de  France,  Paris,  Fourth  Ser.,  10 
(1909),  pp.  54-59.)  Fron  found  that  while  the  vigor 
of  trees  could  usually  be  rather  markedly  increased, 
yet  the  improvement  w.as  mostly  confined  to  a  rela¬ 
tively  small  portion  of  the  tree,  and  his  net  conclusion 
was  that  the  method  was  of  little  practical  value, 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


269 


protect  it  from  severe  freezing  in  the  Winter  by  bury¬ 
ing  it  in  the  ground  and  covering  it  with  earth  and 
leaves  or  coarse  manure.  I  do  not  know  but  that 
there  may  be  other  times  as  favorable  for  successful 
grafting,  but  I  prefer  and  choose  the  early  Spring, 
just  as  soon  as  the  ground  where  the  stocks  grow 
can  be  occupied  and  handled  without  an  unpleasant 
amount  of  mud.  When  this  time  is  at  hand  I  remove 
the  earth  from  about  the  stocks  down  to  the  roots, 
making  the  excavation  wide  enough  so  that  a  small 
saw  can  be  conveniently  used  for  preparing  the  stock 
for  the  reception  of  the  scions.  Then  I  cut  the  scions, 
generally  with  two  buds,  an  inch  above  the  upper  bud 
and  at  least  ll/z  inch  below  the  lower  bud.  I  keep 
them  then  in  a  pail  of  water,  taking  them  out  not 
long  enough  before  using  to  allow  much  drying. 

Now  comes  the  preparation  of  the  stock  for  the 
reception  of  the  scions — the  critical  point — where  those 
who  are  used  only  to  the  grafting  of  the  apple  are 
apt  to  “fall  down.”  The  facility  with  which  the  apple 
is  successfully  grafted  is  likely  to  prove  a  snare.  I 
first  saw  off  the  vine  as  near  to  the  roots  as  possible, 
and  yet  allow  a  stump  of  an  inch  and  a  half  that  may 
be  cleft  without  endangering  its  splitting  down  through 
the  roots  by  the.  insertion  of  the  scions.  Since  it  is 
seldom  that  the  grain  of  an  old  stock  is  sufficiently 
straight  to  enable  it  to  be  split  with  a  knife  so  as 
to  receive  the  scion  satisfactorily,  I  make  the  cleft 
with  the  saw  about  V/z  inch  deep  and  then,  though 
I  do  not  know  that  this  is  important,  with  a  sharp 
blade  I  smooth  out  of  the  kerf  the  parts  discolored 
by  the  saw,  and  enlarge  the  cleft  with  an  iron  or  a 
hard-wood  wedge,  but  not  too  much,  and  make  the 
wedge  on  the  end  of  the  scion  to  be  inserted  about 
ll/z  inch  long  from  about  the  middle  of  the  lower 
bud,  carefully  shaping  it  so  that  it  will  fit  the  kerf  as 
closely  as  possible  its  entire  length,  making  the  edge 
having  the  bud  slightly  thicker  than  the  other,  and 
insert  it  with  the  bud  outward,  making  the  cambium 
or  inner  bark  of  the  scion  touch  that  of  the  stock  in 
as  much  of  the  length  as  possible.  I  think  it  better 
that  the  iron  wedge  be  not  driven 
so  far  that  the  scion  can  be  pushed 
into  place  easily,  as  in  the  case 
of  grafting  the  apple,  as  the  vine  lacks 
the  resiliency  of  file  apple,  preferring  to 
tap  the  scion  lightly  into  place  with  a 
mallet.  Of  course  in  case  the  stick  is 
large  enough  two  scions  are  inserted  in 
it.  By  following  the  directions  here 
outlined  I  now  succeed  in  grafting  the 
vine  with  the  loss  of  about  five  per  cent, 
which  is  comparatively  small. 

Even  at  the  time  here  given  for  the 
grafting,  if  a  few  warm  days  occur 
there  will  sometimes  be  some  show  of 
the  movement  of  sap,  but  this  need  not 
cause  alarm,  as  a  change  of  weather, 
sure  to  come,  will  check  the  flow,  but 
if  the  grafting  be  delayed  till  near  the 
time  of  settled'  warm  weather  a  profuse 
flow  of  sap  is  likely  to  cause  serious  loss 
among  the  grafted  vines. 

When  the  insertion  of  the  scions  is 
completed  I  place  a  small  stake  as  near 
the  stock  as  may  be,  always  at  the  same 
side  so  that  in  case  the  scions  should  be 
covered  with  earth  in  cultivation  or 
otherwise,  it  may  be  known  where  they 
may  be  readily  found,  then  the  earth  re¬ 
moved  is  returned  till  the  scions  are 
covered  up  to  the  upper  bud,  and  care 
must  be  taken  that  the  stock,  at  least, 
is  never  left  uncovered  nor  even  cov¬ 
ered  with  dry  earth  only. 

It  is  only  important  to  say  further 
that  the  one  who  loves  his  vines  will 
now  watch  anxiously  for  the  starting 
of  the  buds,  but  lie  must  not  be  dis¬ 
appointed  if  he  should  have  to  wait  two 
or  even  three  months  for  that  pleasing 
event.  When  they  start  he  should  be 
prepared  to  give  the  growth  at  least 
weekly  attention  if  he  desires  to  insure 
the  best  results,  in  order  to  secure  the 
desired  growth  in  proper  form  and  position  and  to 
repress  all  undesirable  growth  by  continually  pinch¬ 
ing  back.  The  growth  will  be  exceedingly  rapid  so 
that  with  proper  care  the  whole  vine  may  be  formed 
and  a  fair  crop  of  fruit  secured  the  following  season, 
but  if  this  care  be  wanting  the  vine  will  become  a 
tangled  mass  of  half-ripened  wood  to  be  mostly  killed 
during  the  following  Winter  months.  It  is  a  ease 
where  after  care  is  quite  as  important  as  attention  to 
details  in  the  actual  grafting.  r.  l.  taylor. 

Lapeer  Co.,  Mich. 

Last  year,  Tampico,  Mexico,  sent  this  country  $21,380 
worth  of  honey — mostly  wild. 

IK>  not  buy  any  fertilizer  except  on  guaranteed  analysis. 
Make  them  tell  you  how  much  lime  they  offer  also. 


numbers  of  Summer  spores  or  conidia.  These  are 
scattered  by  the  wind  and  produce  new  infections  in 
June  and  July.  The  knots  then  gradually  become 
black  in  color,  and  in  March  or  April  of  the  second 
year  produce  another  set  of  spores  in  minute  pockets 
all  over  the  surface  of  the  knots.  These  so-called 
Winter  spores  are  distributed  in  May  or  June,  caus¬ 
ing  another  new  set  of  infections.  It  is  thus  evident 
that  the  knot  may  cause  new  infections  for  two  years 
in  succession.  These  knots  are  not  caused  by  insects, 
as  is  very  often  supposed,  but  because  of  the  rapid 
growth  and  succulence  of  the  tissues,  many  insects  find 
this  a  good  place  to  lay  their  eggs  and  develop  their 
larvae.  It  is  not  surprising,  therefore,  that  worms  of 
various  kinds  are  frequently  found  in  these  knots. 

The  most  satisfactory  means  of  controlling  this 
disease  consists  of  a  surgical  operation,  namely,  re¬ 
moval  of  all  limbs  and  twigs  bearing  knots,  cutting  at 
least  three  or  four  inches  below  the  knot  in  every  case. 
Bearing  in  mind  the  times  of  year  in  which  the  spores 
of  the  fungus  .. .aimed  and  distributed,  it  will  be 
seen  that  the  proper  time  for  cutting  out  the  knots 
will  be  early  in  the  Spring,  say  not  later  than  May, 
and  again  in  the  Fall,  as  soon  as  the  leaves  are  off  the 
trees.  Since  the  spores  are  carried  for  considerable 

distance  by  the  wind,  permanent  relief  from  the 

trouble  cannot  be  expected,  unless  an  effort  is  made 
to  eradicate  the  disease  from  the  entire  neighborhood, 
at  least  for  considerable  distances  in  the  direction  of 
the  prevailing  winds.  Old  cherry  and  plum  trees, 
growing  in  fence  rows  or  about  abandoned  houses  or 
barns  or  in  neglected  back  yards  should  be  very1 

carefully  pruned  out  and  put  in  shape,  or  else  cut 
down  and  destroyed.  All  knots  should  be  burned 
promptly  after  cutting  from  the  tree,  as  the  fungus 
may  be  able  to  mature  its  spores  on  the  dead  limbs 
lying  on  the  ground.  h.  h.  whetzel, 

Plant  Pathologist. 

THE  CHESTNUT  TREE  BLIGHT. 

Dpring  the  year  ending  with  December,  1910,  destruc¬ 
tion  of  the  chestnut  trees  by  blight  con¬ 
tinued  in  full  swing.  The  first  State 

that  will  surrender  its  chestnut  trees  to 
the  devastating  fungus  is  New  Jersey. 
It  will  be  only  a  few  years  until  a  na¬ 
tive  chestnut  tree  in  New  Jersey  will  be 
a  rare  specimen.  The  writer  has  traced 
the  disease  along  the  Palisades  and  in 
the  Passaic  Valley  west  of  Paterson, 
along  the  head  waters  of  the  Raritan  in 
the  _  northern  portions  of  Somerset 
County  and  in  the  southern  sections  of 
Morris  County.  Three  years  ago  its 
presence  was  detected  at  Trenton,  and 
later  along  the  Delaware  Valley  at 
Phillipsburg.  The  seven  coast  counties 
in  New  York  have  suffered  most  se¬ 
verely  from  tire  attacks  of  this  deadly 
parasite.  The  chestnut  trees  of  Rich¬ 
mond  County,  on  Staten  Island,  and  the 
two  western  counties  of  Long  Island 
have  almost  entirely  disappeared.  Where 
the  dead  trees  have  not  been  cut  down, 
stripped  of  bark  they  stand  as  ghostly 
monuments  testifying  to  the  all-per¬ 
vasiveness  of  the  calamity. 

Specimens  of  chestnut  bark  from  the 
Connecticut  Valley  north  of  New  Haven 
were  sent  me  by  a  college  professor  for 
examination.  A  microscopic  examina¬ 
tion  revealed  the  spores  of  the  blight, 
Diaporthe  parasitica.  Just  how  preval¬ 
ent  the  attack  may  be  in  Connecticut 
would  require  careful  inspection.  In 
Pennsylvania,  from  Philadelphia  west¬ 
ward,  along  the  main  line  of  the  P.  R. 
R.,  extensive  tree  surgery  was  done  by 
Deputy  Commissioner  of  Forestry,  Mr. 
Williams,  and  a  band  of  students.  The 
practical  value  of  his  work  will  be  mani¬ 
fest  in  one  or  two  seasons.  Since  the 
spores  are  carried  through  the  air,  the 
currents  along  a  railroad  are  most  fa¬ 
vorable  for  spreading  the  disease.  The 
blight  is  spreading  from  year  to  year,  and  at  present 
man  with  all  his  devices,  with  his  surgery  and  tar 
plasters,  with  his  spraying  machines  and  fungicides,  is 
almost  helpless  against  the  ravages  of  one  of  the  most 
virulent  diseases  that  has  yet  appeared  in  our  forests. 
It  is  well  known  that  one  species  of  fungus  will 
sometimes  attack  another,  and  from  experiments  this 
is  found  to  be  true  with  the  blight.  It  is  a  case  of  dog 
eat  dog,  insect  devour  insect,  but  the  destroying  fun¬ 
gus  does  not  seem  to  be  able  to  keep  pace  with  the 

chestnut  blight,  which  finds  its  way  beneath  the  bark 
and  thus  escapes  the  touch  of  the  spray  as  well  as  its 
fungous  enemy.  john  mickleborough,  ph.  d. 

Yes — said  the  hog  ia  the  clover  field — the  sward  is 
mightier  than  the  pen. 


BLACK  KNOT  OF  PLUMS  AND  CHERRIES. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  common  and  destructive  of 
the  plant  diseases  affecting  our  orchard  trees.  Even 
the  most  careless  observer  has  noted,  at  one  time  or 
another,  the  large  black  swellings  or  knots  which  ap¬ 
pear  on  the  limbs  of  certain  varieties  of  cherries  and 


LOS  ANGELES  OASABA  MELON.  Fio.  74. 

See  Huralisms,  Page  279. 

plums.  In  some  sections  this  disease  is  exceedingly 
common  and  destructive.  It  is  caused  by  a  fungus 
living  as  a  parasite,  in  the  bark  and  wood  of  the 
plum  or  cherry.  This  fungus  reproduces  itself  and 
spreads  by  means  of  spores  which  are  carried  by  the 
wind  and  lodge  in  the  crevices  of  the  bark  or  on  the 
buds,  where  they  germinate,  penetrate  the  living  bark, 
and  by  their  presence  and  growth  irritate  the  cam¬ 


BIDWELL  CASABA  MELON,  WEIGHT,  20  POUNDS.  Fig.  75. 

bium,  the  growing  part  of  the  limb.  The  plant  re¬ 
sponds  to  this  irritation  by  the  increased  growth  of 
this  part  at  the  point  affected,  which  eventually  re¬ 
sults  in  the  black  knots,  so  characteristic  of  the 
disease.  It  takes  approximately  two  years  for  the 
fungus  to  complete  its  development  in  the  tree;  that 
is,  from  the  time  the  spores  first  lodge  on  the  twig 
until  the  knots  have  matured  and  their  last  crop  of 
spores  has  been  distributed. 

The  period  of  infection,  that  is,  the  time  when  the 
tree  may  take  the  disease,  is  probably  from  May  to 
July.  The  knots  do  not  appear  on  the  limbs  until 
the  following  Spring  when,  in  the  month  of  April  or 
May,  they  burst  forth  and  in  June  become  covered 
with  a  green  felt  upon  which  are  produced  great 


200 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  4, 


FRUITMORE  ORCHARDS. 

Our  orchard  being  the  most 
profitable  part  of  our  farming, 
we  (my  wife  and  I)  concluded 
to  set  out  more  apple  trees  and 
expect  them,  to  get  busy  in  less 
than  the  proverbial  20  years. 
Not  liking  the  heavy  three  and 
four-year  trees  we  persuaded  the 
nurseryman  to  sell  us  the  pick 
of  the  two-year  trees,  all  to  be 
low-headed.  The  ground  selected 
was  a  piece  containing  every¬ 
thing  from  light  sand  to  heavy 
clay,  and  was  in  only  fair  con¬ 
dition  as  to  fertility,  being 
planted  the  two  years  previous. 
Our  bread  and  butter  demanded 
our  supply  of  manure  for  our 
truck  garden,  and  our  finances 
would  not  warrant  the  purchase 
of  commercial  fertilizer,  and  so 
the  trees  had  to  do  with  good 
cultivation.  Good  large  holes 
were  dug  about  18  inches  deep, 
the  subsoil  scattered  «nd  top  soil 
put  in  its  place ;  all  of  the 
smaller  roots  were  removed  and 
the  ends  of  the  large  ones  were 
cut  so  that  the  cut  would  rest 
fiat  on  the  ground,  and  consider¬ 
able  pains,  were  taken  to  firm  the 
soil  around  the  roots,  leaving  the 
tree  three  or  four  inches  deeper 
than  it  stood  in  the  nursery  row. 
The  top  was  shortened  to  the  re¬ 
quired  height  of  a  little  less  than 
three  feet,  and  .  all  of  the 
branches  cut  off  except  three  or 
four,  and  they  were  shortened  to 
three  or  four  buds,  always  cut¬ 
ting  to  an  outside  bud.  Prac¬ 
tically  no  further  trimming  was 
done  until  they  were  three  years 
set,  when  we  went  over  them 
and  cut  out  all  the  limbs  not 
wanted  to  make  the  head,  which 
was  only  three  or  four,  and  from 
that  time  on  very  little  trimming 
has  been  done,  only  cutting  out 
suckers  and  limbs  that  crossed 
each  other  excepting  on  the  four 
rows  of  Sutton.  We  kept  trying 
for  three  years  longer  to  make 
them  spread  out,  but  failed,  and 
on  account  of  this  continued 
trimming  we  have  kept  this  part 
of  our  orchard  from  bearing, 
throwing  to  wood  growth.  The 
other  20  rows,  containing  7 
acres,  gave  us  nearly  100  barrels 
last  year,  and  this  year  1080 
bushels,  single  trees  having  10^4 
bushels  this  year,  and  making 
from  one  to  two  feet  of  growth 
at  nine  years  from  setting,  with  a 
good  showing  of  fruit  buds  for 
next  season. 

During  the  life  of  this  orchard 
it  has  received  1000  pounds  of 
commercial  fertilizer  and  an  old 
stack  bottom,  for  which  we  paid 
$10,  which  is  all  the  manure  it 
has  had,  but  the  five  years  pre¬ 
vious  to  3910  we  raised  five  crops 
of  beans  between  the  rows,  plow¬ 
ing  the  ground  early  and  keep¬ 
ing  it  harrowed  until  June  20, 
when  the  beans  were  drilled  in, 
leaving  a  good  space  for  the 
trees.  This  strip  each  side  of 
the  trees  was  allowed  to  grow 
up  to  weeds,  and  the  weeds  were 
allowed  to  mature  and  when 
turned  under  the  next  Spring 
made  a  large  amount  of  slow 
decaying  humus  which  takes  a 
year  .or  more  to  decay,  furnish¬ 
ing  a  continuous  supply  of  car¬ 
bonic  acid,  which  in  turn  releases 
the  potash  and  phosphoric  acid 
already  in  the  soil  in  the  same 
continuous  though  not  rapid 
manner,  giving  the  trees  all  they 
need  for  a  healthy,  hardy  growth, 
and  not  forcing  them  as  manure 
or  green  crops  turned  under 
would  do.  The  beans  on  adjoin¬ 
ing  strip  furnished  some  nitro- 


THE  PICKERS  READY  FOR  WORK.  Fig.  77. 


SAME  TREE  RELIEVED  OF  ITS  CROP.'  Fig.  78. 


gen  to  entice  the  roots  farthefi 
from  the  trunk  and  give  a  little 
extra  stimulus.  The  beans  were 
sowed  one  way  one  year  and 
the  other  way  the  next,  which 
changed  the  weed  strip  each  yeaC 
also. 

One  advantage  of  these  low 
heads  is  the  ease  with  which  we 
can  spray  them  and  trim  them, 
thin  and  pick  the  fruit.  One 
man  picked  186  bushels  in  this 
orchard  in  nine  hours  and  10 
minutes,  so  the  picking  problem 
is  much  simplified.  We  aim  to 
spray  this  orchard  two  or  three 
times  a  year  with  lime-sulphur 
mixture,  the  first  time  six  to  50 
strength,  just  as  the  first  green 
shows  when  the  buds  are  break¬ 
ing,  getting  some  of  the  aphis, 
all  of  the  blister  mite  and  much 
reducing  the  apple  scab,  and 
serving  as  a  safeguard  against 
San  Jose  scale.  Our  second 
spraying  we  aim  to  commence 
when  the  blossoms  have  half 
dropped  with  a  V/2  to  50  strength 
with  V/i  pounds  of  arsenate  of 
lead  added;  the  third  spraying 
two  weeks  later  with  the  same 
solution.  As  soon  as  the  natural 
drop  was  over  we  went  over  the 
trees  and  thinned  the  fruit,  where 
there  were  bunches  of  two,  three 
or  four  we  only  left  one,  and 
when  they  were  still  too  thick 
we  took  more,  taking  off  several 
hundred  apples  from  some  of 
these  trees.  The  result  was  that 
nearly  all  that  were  left  went 
into  the  barrels,  a  fine  quality 
of  No.  1  fruit  that  the  buyers 
tumbled  over  themselves  to  get. 
We  make  our  concentrated  lime 
and  sulphur  at  a  cost  of  $2.42 
per  barrel  testing  from  31J/j 
to  35.  JOHN  Q.  WELLS. 

Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y. 

AN  IRRIGATION  FARM. 

One  of  the  prettiest  productive 
sights  of  Cumberland  Co.,  N.  J., 
the  past  Summer  was  the  farm 
of  Arthur  Seabrook.  Acres  and 
acres  of  fresh  green  growing 
vegetables  are  good  to  look 
upon.  Mr.  Seabrook  has  14 
acres  under  the  Skinner  irriga¬ 
tion  system,  and  in  this  way  lie 
can  raise  two  and  three  crops 
from  the  same  ground  in  one 
season.  For  instance,  onion 
seed  is  sown  in  March,  and  from 
five  acres  of  onions  Mr.  Sea¬ 
brook  sold  a  crop  amounting  to 
$1500  the  past  season;  then  cel¬ 
ery  was  set  out.  He  com¬ 
mences  to  sell  Golden  Self 
Blanching  celery  in  October  and 
continues  through  February. 
Early  cabbage,  beets  and  rad¬ 
ishes  are  followed  by  lettuce 
and  romaine  (in  England  known 
as  cos  lettuce),  and  a  third 
crop  of  spinach.  Early  lettuce 
is  followed  by  leeks  (almost  an 
all-season  crop,  as  it  takes  from 
May  to  December  to  grow) ; 
early  lettuce  is  the  only  crop  to 
get  leeks  after.  Fifteen  years 
ago  Mr.  Seabrook  was  a  small 
trucker,  but  he  wanted  to  own  a 
farm,  and  he  hunted  around  and 
found  this  one,  all  hedgerows 
and  briars.  He  purchased  it 
from  the  man  holding  the  mort¬ 
gage  for  $3,000  for  50  acres. 
To-day  his  farm  is  worth  $20,- 
000,  with  an  annual  income  of 
$20,000  more. 

Two  years  ago  Mr.  Seabrook 
placed  four  acres  under  irriga¬ 
tion  and  met  with  such  success 
that  last  season  he  tried  10  acres 
more  and  this  has  enabled  him 
to  raise  perfectly  wonderful 
crops.  New  Jersey  has  a  good 
trucking  soil ;  as  children  study¬ 
ing  geography  we  were  taught 


2911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


291 


that  New  Jersey  was  noted  for 
i  its  market  gardening.  Its  one 
*  drawback  is  want  of  sufficient 
rainfall.  Dr.  Fortier,  Chief  of 
the  Bureau  of'  Irrigation  at 
Washington,  has  tabulated  the 
rainfall  and  found  that  in  13  out 
of  17  years  the  rainfall  has  not 
been  sufficient  in  New  Jersey  to 
provide  the  crops  with  the  re¬ 
quisite  water.  Inasmuch  as  the 
whole  State  of  New  Jersey  has 
|  a  flow  of  water  under  it,  as 
soon  as  irrigation  is  practiced 
more  broadly  it  will  increase  to 
)  a  very  great  degree  the  possi¬ 
bilities  of  the  State. 

The  vast  sums  that  have  been 
expended  on  irrigation  in  the 
West  have  been  mostly  along 
engineering  lines  for  the  purpose 
of  bringing  the  water  to  the  land, 
and  very  little  effort  has  been 
made  in  the  direction  of  the 
correct  application  of  the  water 
to  the  crops.  The  Skinner  peo¬ 
ple  have  developed  a  system 
which  secures  absolute  unifor¬ 
mity  of  water  distribution,  elim¬ 
inates  labor  and  enables  Mr. 
Seabrook  to  secure  the  maxi¬ 
mum  returns  with  a  minimum  of 
expense.  Mr.  Seabrook  has  a 
tank  near  his  barn  which  con¬ 
tains  5,000  gallons  of  water;  it 
is  50  feet  high.  A  four  horse¬ 
power  engine  is  used  which 
pumps  at  the  rate  of  100  gallons 
a  minute.  The  past  season  Mr. 
Seabrook  had  installed  on  one 
side  of  his  farm  an  eight  horse¬ 
power  engine  which  runs  a 
duplex  pump  with  from  90  to 
100  pounds  pressure.  The  water 
is  ditched  from  a  nearby  stream. 
The  main  pipe,  three  inches  in 
diameter,  runs  through  the  mid¬ 
dle  of  the  farm  and  feeds  both 
ways.  The  overhead  method  of 
water  distribution  possesses  ad¬ 
vantages  not  obtainable  from 
any  other  method.  The  over¬ 
head  pipes  are  V/z  inch  in¬ 
side  diameter,  the  holes  in  the 
pipes  one  yard  apart.  The  pipes 
are  eight  feet  high  and  thus  do 
not  interfere  with  horse  cultiva¬ 
tion.  The  rows  of  pipes  are  50 
feet  apart  and  the  water  reaches 
25  feet  each  side.  This  gives  a 
uniform  rainfall,  and  if  none 
comes  from  the  clouds  this  sys¬ 
tem  is  turned  on  every  third 
day.  A  slight  twist  of  the  wrist 
turns  the  lever,  and  one  man 
makes  the  gentle  rain  to  fall. 
There  is  also  a  device  for  spray¬ 
ing  the  crops  with  fungicides, 
insecticides  and  commercial  fer¬ 
tilizer,  and  in  some  sections  of 
the  South  a  heater  is  used  for 
raising  the  temperature  of  the 
water,  adding  to  the  element  of 
frost  protection. 

CORA  J.  SHEPPARD. 


TRACTION  SPRAYER 

Several  people  ask  why  the 
manufacturers  do  not  put  on  the 
market  a  gasoline  spray  machine 
with  power  strong  enough  to 
work  the  pump  and  also  propel 
the  machine  like  a  motor  car. 
The  following  statement  by  one 
well-known  maker  will  answer 
for  all : 

‘‘It  can,  of  course,  be  worked 
out,  but  you  must  keep  in  mind 
the  fact  that  the  cost  would 
make  it  almost  prohibitive.  You 
would  not  think  of  planning  for 
a  commercial  truck  self-propell¬ 
ing  wth  a  horsepower  less  than 
25  or  30,  would  you?  What, 
then,  would  be  the  estimated 
cost  of  the  commercial  truck? 
Probably  not  less  than  $1,500  or 
$1,600,  and  to  this  price  must  be 
added  the  cost  of  the  spraying 


ONIONS  UNDER  SKINNER  IRRIGATION  SYSTEM.  Fig,  TO. 


OVERHEAD  IRRIGATION  OF  CELERY.  Fig.  SO. 


MR.  SEABROOK’S  RESIDENCE.  Fig.  81. 


equipment  and  the  tank.  Do  you 
believe  that  any  farmer  would 
be  willing  to  pay  it?  Have  you 
ever  heard  of  a  commercial 
truck,  self-propelling,  w  h  i  c  h 
would  carry  a  load  of  two  or 
three  tons,  that  could  be  bought 
for  less  than  $1,200  or  $1,600? 
It  seems  to  the  writer  that  the 
price  makes  this  sort  of  an  ap¬ 
paratus  out  of  the  question.  It 
can,  of  course,  be  worked  out 
mechanically.” 


CONCENTRATED  LIME- 
SULPHUR. 

Many  requests  come  for  in¬ 
formation  about  making  concen¬ 
trated  lime-sulphur  at  home. 
Last  year  Prof.  J.  P.  Stewart,  of 
the  Pennsylvania  College,  gave 
detailed  instruction.  We  repeat 
the  essential  facts  here  : 

The  utensils  needed  are  a 
cooker,  measuring  stick,  strainer 
and  hydrometer.  Their  total  cost 
need  not  exceed  $15.  The  cooker 
may  be  of  either  iron  or  wood, 
and  use  either  bottom  heat  or 
steam.  If  steam  is  used  it  is 
preferable  for  accurate  work 
that  it  be  in  closed  coils,  rather 
than  live  steam,  at  least  in  the 
latter  stages  of  the  process.  This 
is  merely  because  it  is  desirable 
that  the  final  volume  be  under 
control  and  be  decreasing  rather 
than  increasing.  Steam-jacketed 
kettles  with  mechanical  agitators 
are  available,  and  they  work  very 
nicely,  indeed.  But  where  stor¬ 
age  is  not  considered  and  lower 
densities  are  permissible,  there 
is  no  objection  to  making  the 
material  with  the  use  of  live 
steam  throughout. 

In  making  50  gallons  of  con¬ 
centrate  the  procedure  follows : 
Materials — Fifty  pounds  best 
stone  lime  (not  over  10  per  cent 
impurities),  100  pounds  sulphur 
(kind  stated  above)  ;  50-55  gal¬ 
lons  of  total  product  at  finish. 
Put  10  gallons  of  water  in  kettle 
and  start  fire.  Place  lime  in 
kettle.  After  slaking  is  well 
started,  add  the  dry  sulphur  and 
mix  thoroughly,  adding  enough 
water  to  maintain  a  thin  paste, 
which  requires  about  five  gal¬ 
lons.  After  the  slaking  and  mix¬ 
ing  are  completed,  add  water  to 
the  height  of  50  gallons  on  the 
measuring  stick  and  Fring  to 
boil  and  stir  until  the  sulphury 
scum  practically  disappears.  Then 
add  water  (preferably,  but  not 
necessarily,  hot)  to  the  60-gallon 
height  and  boil  again  to  50  gal¬ 
lons,  if  storage  space  is  limited. 
If  it  is  not  limited,  a  little  more 
water  may  be  added  the  third 
time,  and  boiling  stopped  at 
about  55  gallons.  The  material 
should  be  kept  well  stirred,  es¬ 
pecially  during  the  early  stages 
of  the  process,  and  any  lumps  of 
sulphur  or  lime  should  be  thor¬ 
oughly  broken  up.  The  boiling 
usually  requires  40  to  60  min¬ 
utes.  The  liquid  is  strained  into 
a  barrel  or  tank  and  kept  away 
from  the  air.  When  used  it  is 
diluted  by  mixing  with  water. 


REMOVING  TREES  WITH 
DYNAMITE. — In  clearing  land 
I  have  used  dynamite  under 
some  apple  trees  1C  inches  in 
diameter  with  good  results. 
Three  sticks  of  the  explosive 
lifted  some  of  them  (whole 
trees)  out  of  the  ground  bodily, 
an  expense  of  40  cents,  about,  so 
applied  accomplishing  as  much 
as  two  men  could  effect  in  sev¬ 
eral  hours  of  hard  work,  or, 
more  likely,  half  a  day.  c.  L. 

Manhasset,  L.  I. 


26* 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


March  4, 


TALES  OF  PEACH  TREE  AGENTS. 

K.  K.,  Mifflingburg,  Pa. — Do  peach  trees 
budded  on  the  wild  root  bud  later  in  the 
Spring  and  are  thus  less  liable  to  freeze 
the  blossoms  than  those  budded  on  the  tame 
root?  Are  peach  trees  budded  on  the  wild 
peach  root  more  hardy,  longer  lived,  more 
certain  annual  bearers,  less  liable  for  the 
borers  or  worms  to  work  on,  than  the 
peach  tree  that  is  budded  on  tame  root? 
The  agent  who  spoke  to  me  stated  the  wild 
roots  were  obtained  from  North  Carolina. 

Ans. — Almost  every  nurseryman  who 
made  a  specialty  of  growing  peach  trees 
in  the  past  stated  first  of  all  things  that 
his  trees  should  be  planted  by  the  or- 
chardist,  because  he  budded  all  of  his 
trees  on  stocks  grown  from  natural 
Tennessee  seed,  gathered  in  the  moun¬ 
tains  where  no  yellows  or  any  other 
peach  disease  had  ever  been  known  to 
exist.  This  was  true  to  a  great  extent. 
Thousands  of  natural  or  wild  peach 
trees  grew  and  thrived  in  the  mountain¬ 
ous  districts  of  Tennessee.  The  moun¬ 
taineers  gathered  the  fruit,  which  was 
small  and  clingstone,  as  a  rule.  They 
cut  off  the  flesh  from  the  stone  and  dried 
it  in  the  sun,  then  carried  both  the  dried 
fruit  and  the  stones  to  some  store  where 
they  traded  them  for  groceries  or  other 
supplies,  just  as  eastern  farmers  take 
their  produce  to  town  or  village  store 
and  “trade  it  out.”  The  storekeeper  sold 
the  peach  fruit,  or  rather,  fuzz  and  skin, 
to  wholesalers  who  distributed  it 
throughout  the  country,  and  from  this 
source  came  about  all  of  our  unpeeled 
dried  peaches.  The  seed  was  sold  either 
direct  to  a  nurseryman  or  to  wholesale 
seedsmen,  who  retailed  them  to  the 
nurseryman.  The  supply  of  Tennessee 
seed  kept  diminishing,  and  the  demand 
kept  increasing,  hence  a  new  source  of 
supply  was  needed.  It  was  found  that 
large  quantities  of  natural  fruit  were 
growing  in  the  mountainous  regions  of 
North  Carolina,  also  in  Accomac  Co., 
Virginia,  but  the  North  Carolina  seed 
was  much  larger  than  the  Tennessee 
seed,  and  the  Accomac  County  seed  still 
larger  than  the  North  Carolina  seed, 
thus  reducing  the  number  of  seeds  per 
bushel.  The  Tennessee  seed  contained 
a  large  percentage  of  twin  .kernels,  but 
the  larger  North  Carolina  and  Acco¬ 
mac  Co.  seldom  had  twin  kernels.  In 
later  years  the  Smock  seed  was  used  as 
the  nearest  approach  to  the  natural  seed. 
The  advent  of  the  canning  and  evapo¬ 
rating  houses  opened  up  a  new  supply 
of  seed,  and  the  mesh  of  the  screening 
machines  made  Tennessee,  North  Caro¬ 
line,  Accomac  County  and  Smock.  Can 
house  seed  has  furnished  the  stock  or 
root  system  of  many  thousands  of  the 
best  orchard  trees  there  are  in  fruiting 
at  the  present  time.  The  one  important 
part  for  the  future  life  and  success  of 
the  tree  is  that  it  be  budded  on  a  stock 
grown  from  a  healthy  seed,  no  matter 
whether  that  seed  was  grown  from  a 
natural  cling  from  North  Carolina, 
Tennessee  or  Accomac  County,  or  from 
a  freestone  Smock,  Mixon,  Elberta,  or 
any  other  variety,  grown  in  New  Jersey 
or  any  State.  If  the  stock  is  healthy  and 
a  healthy  bud  is  inserted  in  that  stock, 
the  result  will  be  a  healthy  tree.  On 
the  other  hand,  no  matter  how  healthy 
the  stock  may  be,  if  a  bud  is  inserted 
in  it  from  a  diseased  tree,  especially 
one  affected  with  the  yellows,  or  the 
“little  peach,”  the  result  will  be  a 
diseased  tree,  and  the  same  results 
would  follow  if  the  stock  was  grown 
from  a  diseased  seed. 

The  terms  “wild”  and  “tame”  I  pre¬ 
sume  is  meant  to  distinguish  seedlings 
grown  from  natural  and  named,  or  im¬ 
proved  varieties.  The  seed  planted  from 
the  very  largest  and  best  improved 
varieties  becomes  a  natural  seedling 
again,  and  may  bear  only  small  cling¬ 
stone  fruit;  on  the  other  hand,  some 
natural  seed  will  grow  large  freestone 
fruit.  All  seedlings  are  termed  “nat¬ 
urals”  whether  they  came  originally 
from  an  unnamed  or  named  variety.  The 
main  point  is  to  have  them  healthy  if 
used  for  a  stock  to  grow  other  varieties 
on.  Some  of  the  improved  or  named 


varieties  have  a  strong  tendency  to  re¬ 
produce  themselves  almost  identically 
from  their  own  seed.  This  is  especially 
true  of  the  Smock  and  of  the  old  Red- 
cheek  Melocoton.  Many  of  the  seedlings 
of  these  varieties,  under  other  names, 
would  puzzle  the  very  best  judges  to 
distinguish  them  from  the  parent  or 
original  variety.  The  stock  will  have 
nothing  whatever  to  do  with  the  hardi¬ 
ness,  time  of  blooming  or  guarding 
against  late  frosts,  nor  will  it  insure 
annual  bearing  or  drive  away  the  borer. 
The  salesman  may  not  know  a  peach 
tree  from  a  plum  or  apricot,  but  he  has 
been  drilled  to  say  certain  things,  and 
those  things  are  pleasant  easy  things; 
for  instance,  if  he  can  persuade  a  waver¬ 
ing  planter  that  his  trees  will  not  need 
much  care  as  compared  with  other  trees, 
that  they  will  be  free  from  borers  and 
freezing,  bloom  later  and  bear  earlier, 
he  gets  the  order  at  double  price.  The 
customer  most  likely  gets  some  bitter 
experience  and  waits  until  some  other 
fellow  comes  along  with  a  better  story, 
when  he  bites  again,  while  within  driv¬ 
ing  distance  is  a  home  nursery,  where 
he  can  go  and  get  honest  advice  and 
good  trees.  If  the  inquirer  would  ask 
his  neighbors  who  grow  peaches  on  the 
same  soil  as  his  own,  under  the  same 
climatic  conditions,  etc.,  he  would  get 
first-hand  information.  If  peaches  are 
not  grown  in  his  vicinity,  then  consult 
his  State  Horticulturist  about  growing 
peaches  under  the  conditions  that  he 
will  have  to  give  them;  from  either 
source  he  will  get  unselfish  and  un¬ 
prejudiced  advice. 

The  peach  succeeds  best  on  a  sandy 
loam.  The  later  varieties  will  succeed 
on  sandy  loam  or  on  heavier  land  (not 
a  compact  clay)  if  well  drained  (wet 
land  is  death  to  the  peach).  The  loca¬ 
tion  is  a  very  important  matter;  a  slop¬ 
ing  hillside,  preferably  a  northern  ex¬ 
posure,  but  any  elevation  to  secure  a 

perfect  air  drainage.  Never  plant  in 

protected  southern  exposures,  as  the 
warm  days  of  the  Winter  and  early 
Spring  will  cause  the  buds  to  swell,  and 
a  sudden  fall  in  the  temperature  will  kill 
or  injure  them.  Avoid  too  much 
nitrogenous  food,  but  give  an  abund¬ 
ance  of  phosphoric  acid  and  pot¬ 
ash  in  the  form  of  bone  and  muri¬ 
ate  of  potash,  wood  ashes,  etc.  Se¬ 

lect  hardy  varieties  when  the  location 
is  in  cold  or  changeable  weather  condi¬ 
tions.  Those  classed  as  the  North 
China  type  are  the  best  for  the  Middle 
and  Northern  States.  This  includes  such 
well-known  and  standard  varieties  as 
Greensboro,  Carman,  Belle  of  Georgia, 
Capt.  Ede,  Elberta,  Heiley,  Thurber, 
Waddell  and  Miss  Lola.  The  Champion 
is  hardy  both  in  bud  and  tree,  a  great 
cropper,  fine  large  fruit  of  the  very  best 
quality — but  rots  badly.  All  white  flesh 
peaches  are  hardier  in  bud  than  are  the 
yellow-fleshed  freestone  varieties — when 
of  the  same  class  or  type. 

The  Smock  class,  which  are  yellow, 
have  small  tight-folded  blossom  buds 
like  the  white  varieties — hence  are  hardy 
like  the  white-flesh  varieties.  The 
Melocoton  or  Crawford  class  have  large 
loose  blossom  *bu'<ls,  which  swell  _  when 
a  warm  wet  day  or  two  comes  in  the 
Winter  or  early  Spring,  and  a  sudden 
freeze  kills  the  water-soaked  germ.  The 
clings  and  semi-clings  have  small  tight¬ 
ly  enveloped  fruit  buds,  and  are  hardiest 
in  bud.  The  white-fleshed  freestones 
and  the  Smock  class  of  yellow  free¬ 
stones  are  the  hardiest  of  their  class. 
The  Crawford  class  are  tenderest  in 
bud.  All  of  this  is  true  regardless  of  the 
stock  upon  which  they  were  budded,  the 
stock  must  come  from  a  healthy  seed, 
no  matter  where  the  seed  came  from. 
The  hardiness  will  be  in  the  variety 
itself,  and  not  from  the  stock  it  was 
budded  on.  The  borer  attacks  the  peach 
of  every  variety,  but  is  worse  on  light 
soils  than  heavy — the  cure  is  the  knife 
and  wire.  The  annual  cropping  will  de¬ 
pend  upon  the  care,  cultivation,  pruning, 
thinning,  feeding  and  location  more  than 
anything  else.  The  trees  should  be  pur¬ 
chased  of  a  reliable  nurseryman  who  can 
be  held  responsible  for  his  contracts.  Do 
not  buy  from  anyone  who  makes  un¬ 
reasonable  or  extravagant  representa¬ 
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ments  as  your  correspondent  quotes,  and 
no  sensible  person  should  listen  to  them 
when  they  are  made.  E.  s  b. 


will  be  a  source  of  pleasure  and  profit  if  you  enrich  the  soil,  plant 

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D.  V.  BURRELL,  A.  II,  Rocky  Ford,  Colo. 


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1911 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


263 


A  CROP  OF  ONION  SEED. 

The  picture,  Fig.  83,  shows  a  field 
of  onion  seed  grown  from  selected  bulbs 
by  I.  A.  McCoy,  formerly  an  extensive 
market  gardener  and  seed  grower  of  this 
locality.  Mr.  McCoy  recently  removed 
to  Virginia,  where  he  is  still  engaged  in 
seed  growing.  The  bulbs  intended  to 
produce  seed  arc  carefully  selected  for 
uniformity  as  to  shape,  color  and  size, 
and  stored  in  a  dry  place  over  Winter. 
In  the  Spring  the  bulbs  are  set  out  in 
well  prepared  soil,  which  should  be  rich 
and  mellow,  but  not  too  rich  in  nitrogen 
as  the  blossoms  will  “blast”  and  but 
little  seed  be  produced.  The  soil  in  the 
field  shown  in  the  picture  is  a  sandy 
loam  somewhat  alluvial  in  character, 
and  well  adapted  to  onions.  When  the 
seed  heads  are  ripe  the  crop  is  harvested 
and  dried  under  cover,  when  the  seed 
may  be  thrashed  and  cleaned  with  a 
fanning  mill.  A  crop  of  onion  seed  re¬ 
quires  much  hand  work,  setting  out  the 
bulbs  and  harvesting  the  seed,  but  it  is 
usually  a  profitable  one.  Mr.  McCoy  at 
first  grew  his  seed  for  a  seed  firm  but 
later  sold  direct  to  the  planters  with 
greater  satisfaction.  He  sold  to  the 
same  customers  year  after  year,  so  his 


spread  with  red,  instead  of  the  striped 
fruit  of  the  common  type.  Several  in¬ 
stances  are  known  where  the  Graven- 
stein  has  developed  sports  of  this  kind. 
Some  of  these  have  never  been  described 
nor  propagated.  Others  of  them  have 
been  introduced  into  cultivation  under 
distinct  names.  Leroy,  in  his  Diction- 
naire  de  Pomologie,  published  in  Paris 
in  1873,  describes  a  sport  of  this  kind. 
Gaucher  in  his  Pomologie  der  Prakti- 
schen  Obstbaumzuchters,  published  in 
Stuttgart  in  1894,  also  describes  a  Red 
Gravenstein.  The  writer  in  his  “Report 
on  the  Apples  of  New  York,”  published 
at  Albany  in  1905,  gives  a  description  of 
the  Banks  apple,  which  is  a  red  sport 
of  the  Gravenstein.  The  Banks  has 
been  quite  largely  planted  in  commercial 
orchards  in  the  Annapolis  Valley  in  No¬ 
va  Scotia.  s.  A.  BEACH. 

Ames,  Iowa. 


Spring  Cultivation  for  Strawberries. 

Should  strawberries  be  cultivated  in  May 
and  .Tune  before  fruiting?  Will  you  stim¬ 
ulate  leaf  growth  too  much,  and  get  softer 
berries?  My  land  is  not  very  rich,  straw¬ 
berries  ripen  here  in  July,  and  we  are  sub¬ 
ject  to  dry  spells  at  about  that  time.  I  lost 
nearly  my  whole  crop  last  Summer  for  lack 
of  rain.  The  general  opinion  among  growers 
here  is  that  fruiting  fields  should  be  mulched 
and  not  cultivated  until  after  picking  time. 
I  could  conserve  moisture  by  cultivation  and 
keep  down  grass  and  clover,  which  are  our 
worst  weeds  here.  I  have  18  acres  of 
strawberries ;  if  I  could  raise  100  cases  more 


A  CROP  OF  ONION  SEED.  Fig.  83. 


seed  must  have  been  good  and  true  to 
name.  This  man  made  a  specialty  of 
a  selected  strain  of  Yellow  Globe 
Danvers  onion,  and  no  doubt  he  de¬ 
served  the  success  he  attained  with  this 
seed  crop  both  in  growing  and  selling. 

Highland  Co.,  O.  w.  e.  duckwall. 


ANOTHER  RED  GRAVENSTEIN  APPLE. 

A  new  sport  of  the  Gravenstein  apple 
has  appeared  in  the  Pacific  Northwest. 
It  is  being  disseminated  under  the  name 
Red  Gravenstein.  It  originated  at  Olga, 
Washington,  on  Orcas  Island,  one  of  the 
San  Juan  group  in  Puget  Sound.  In  a 
certain  10-acre  Olga  orchard  stand  50 
Gravenstein  trees,  which  have  been  in 
bearing  about  10  years.  On  one  of 
these  trees  a  limb  has  grown  out  from 
the  main  trunk  about  three  feet  from 
the  ground,  which  from  the  time  the  tree 
first  commenced  to  bear  has  produced  red 
apples  instead  of  the  striped  fruit  of 
the  common  type  of  the  Gravenstein. 
These  red  apples  borne  by  the  sporting 
limb  are  either  completely  covered  with 
red  or  show  more  or  less  of  the  yellow¬ 
ish  or  orange  yellow  background  where 
the  red  fails  wholly  to  overspread  the 
fruit,  but  they  are  not  striped.  In  form, 
flavor  and  other  qualities  than  color  the 
sport  is  like  the  Gravenstein.  The 
owners  state  that  it  is  a  better  bearer 
and  a  better  keeper.  Whether  it  will 
prove  to  be  so  generally  in  other  lo¬ 
calities  can  be  determined  only  by  trial. 
Fruit  of  this  sport  which  was  exhibited 
at  the  National  Apple  Show  in  Spokane 
last  November,  certainly  showed  excel¬ 
lent  keeping  qualities  for  Gravensteins. 
This  sport  clearly  has  an  advantage  over 
the  common  Gravenstein  in  its  superior 
color,  and  for  this  reason  it  will  doubt¬ 
less  be  recognized  at  once  by  commercial 
orchardists  as  being  more  valuable. 

The  pravenstein,  like  the  Twenty 
Ounce,  is  a  variety  which  shows  a  ten¬ 
dency  to  develop  bud  sports,  which  pro¬ 
duce  self-colored  fruit  more  or  less  over- 


per  acre  by  cultivation,  it  would  mean  a 
great  deal  to  me.  •  c.  v. 

Bayfield,  Wis. 

We  believe  in  Spring  cultivation  for 
strawberries.  We  would  give  the  soil  a 
thorough  cultivation  once,  not  deep,  but 
over  the  entire  surface  not  covered  by  the 
plants.  It  accomplishes  just  what  you  say 
it  does.  It  stimulates  plant  growth,  and 
this  is  just  what  we  want.  If  the  plants 
are  left  to  themselves,  they  do  not  make 
enough  growth  to  carry  through  the  crop  of 
fruit,  aud  easily  succumb  to  disease.  It 
certainly  has  a  tendency  to  make  larger 
fruit,  and  therefore  softer  fruit.  But  we 
find  that  while  in  some  seasons  the  fruit 
will  be  too  soft,  there  are  more  dry  than 
wet  seasons ;  and  in  a  term  of  20  years  you 
will  get  more  benefit  by  stirring  the  soil 
in  Spring  than  by  letting  it  remain  un¬ 
touched.  I  should  remove  the  mulch,  cul¬ 
tivate,  and  then  put  the  mulch  right  back 
to  save  the  moisture  aud  keep  the  fruit 
clean.  L.  J.  farmer. 

New  York. 

I  never  practice  Spring  cultivation.  I 
always  mulch  quite  heavily,  and  I  prefer 
not  to  disturb  the  mulch.  1  do  not  work  for 
early  berries,  and  I  want  to  keep  the  soil 
as  cool  and  moist  as  possible.  If  I  wanted 
early  berries  I  would  remove  the  mulch  and 
cultivate  till  nearly  blossoming  time,  and 
then  replace  the  mulch.  That  would  loosen 
and  warm  the  soil,  and  in  some  kinds  of 
soil,  might  improve  tlu-  moisture  retaining 
properties.  Removing  the  mulch,  cultiva¬ 
tion  aud  replacing  the  mulch  adds  quite  an 
item  to  the  expense,  and  on  my  soil  is  of 
no  benefit.  E.  c.  gillett. 

New  York. 

I  practiced  cultivating  strawberries  in 
the  Spring  several  years  ago,  even  taking 
the  trouble  of  taking  the  mulch  off  and 
then  putting  it  back  again.  If  the  ground 
dries  off  early  in  the  Spring  and  becomes 
weedy,  I  would  think  it  would  be  a  good 
thing  to  cultivate,  although  expensive.  For 
the  last  few  years  my  ground  dried  off  so 
slowly  that  I  just  went  through  and  pulled 
out  the  weeds.  t.  r.  hunt. 

New  Jersey. 

It  does  not  pay  except  to  kill  weeds,  and 
there  ought  not  to  be  weeds  to  kill  if  the 
beds  are  handled  right  in  the  Fall  before. 

Connecticut.  j.  c.  eddy. 

My  experience  with  the  strawberry  plant 
is  not  to  cultivate  in  the  Spring.  You 
cannot  cultivate  the  soil  but  what  you  will 
destroy  more  or  less  a  large  number  of  the 
fine  fibrous  roots  that  start  to  grow  very 
early  in  the  Spring.  A  strawberry  plant  in 
the  Spring  is  composed  of  several  long 
tap-roots ;  it  is  from  these  tap-roots  that 
the  feeding  roots  start.  If  you  will  observe 
in  early  March  you  will  find  these  fine  roots 
working  through  the  soil,  and  very  often 
you  will  find  them  near  the  surface. 

New  Jersey.  t.  c.  kevitt. 

R.  N.-Y. — In  our  own  practice  we  do  not 
cultivate  in  Spring.  Winter  usually  leaves 
the  soil  well  filled  with  moisture.  The  ber¬ 
ries  are  mulched.  By  raking  the  mulch 
away  from  the  plants,  between  the  rows, 
this  moisture  is  held  in  the  soil.  This  is 
for  fruiting  beds.  For  Fall-set  hill  plants 
which  would  not  give  much  fruit  anyway 
we  cultivate. 


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These  packets  are  enclosed  in  a  coupon  envelope 
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I  enclose  herewith  10c  for  which  send 
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264 


“THE:  RURAL»  NEW-YORKER 


March  4, 


INCLUDING 


APPLE,  CHERRY, PEACH 
PEAR,  PLUM,  QUINCE 

Also  Roses,  Shrubs  and  Orna¬ 
mental  Trees.  Send  list  of 
wants  for  prices  to 

WESTERN  N.  Y.  NURSERIES 

ROCHEST  ER,  NEW  YORK 


Pears 

Plums 

Cherries 

Grapes 

Asparagus 

Shade  and  Ornamental  Trees. 

Are  you  going  to  plant  any  of  the  above 
this  spring — if  so  you  will  save  your 
money,  time  and  worry  by  sending  for 
our  catalog.  It  tells  you  just  what  you 
want  to  know  about  fruit  trees  and  plants 
of  all  kinds.  We  have  over  2000  acres 
in  nursery  stock — all  vigorous,  healthy 
and  the  best  that  can  be  grown. 
Write  us  about  your  needs  today. 

Ton  Yalnabl.  Fnrms  for  Sale.  Wrltfl  for  Particulars 

HARRISON’S  NURSERIES 
IJox  16  BERLIN,  MB. 


anz  non  apple  and 

«Iid,UUV  PEACH  TREES 

Our  prices  are  50  per  cent  less  than  you 
pay  agents  and  dealers,  because  in 
buying  direct  from  the  growers  you 
SAVE  TWO  PROFITS 
and  run  no  risk.  Every  tree  as  repre¬ 
sented.  True  to  name.  Fresh  dug. 
Personal  attention  given  each  order. 

2  Apple  Trees  } 

postpaid  for  25  cents. 

Everybody  send  for  Free  catalogue. 

Maloney  Bros.  &  Wells, 

Box  13  ,  Dansville,  N.  Y. 


Ellwanger  &  Barry’s 

"Trees 

Shrubs 

Roses  and  Plants 

are  known  and  planted  everywhere. 
Leaders  for  70  years.  Booklet  free. 

MOUNT  HOPE  NURSERIES,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


NIcKAV*S  Peach  Trees - 

McUAV’S  Dwarf  Apple  Trees - 

M CHAV'S  Acre  Cherry  Orchard,  S15 - 

McKAV’S  Rose  Bushes  on  their  own  roofs - 

McKA  Y*S  Fertilizer  Chemicals - 

McKAV’S  Agricultural  Lime,  $3  per  ton 
McKAY’S  Catalogue  tells  about  them— and  more 

L.  McKay,  Geneva,  N.  Y.  BoxR. 


Olympic  Nature  Nursery. 

THE  FOREST  CONSERVATORY. 

Oregon  Grape,  Rhododendron,  Madrona,  Huckle¬ 
berry,  Ferns,  Blackberry,  Salal,  Twin  Flower, 
Spirea,  Trillium,  Wild  Lily-of-the-Vnlley,  Ever¬ 
greens  and  other  Puget  Sound  Plants  and  Flowers. 

Special  Mail  Collections— Ten  plants  for  50  cents; 
24  for  $1,  postpaid  in  the  United  States.  Money 
hack  if  not  satisfied.  Make  money  orders  payable 
to  .JOEL  SHUMAKER,  Nellita,  Washington. 


FRUIT  TREES 

Pears,  Barf  left,  Seckel  and  others.  Fine, 
trees.  Chorrles,  very  low  in  price.  Plums, 
best  varieties.  Poaches,  grown  from  buds 
from  bearing  trees.  Guaranteed  true-tcr 
label.  Also  extra  fine 
Currants  and  Crapos, 
any  quantity,  spe¬ 
cial  40c,  81  and  $2.50 
Lot  Offers,  for  gar 
den  planting  for  borne 
use :  Onr  prices  bave  not  been 
advanced  to  meet  the  recent 
general  raise.  Get  wholesale 
prices  direct  from  us  and  save  $ 
to  J.  Free  catalog.  Write. 

W.  P.  RUPERT  &  SON,  Box  20,  Seneca,  N.  Y. 
Also  Breeders  of  Prize  Hampshire  Sheep. 


Save  MONEYonTrees 


by  ordering  direct  from  the  nursery.  We  can 
save  you  the  agent's  commission  and  sell  you 
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usually  charged  for  a  lower  grade  stock. 

Write  now  for  our  valuable  Free  book. 

We  grow  our  own  stock  and  guarantee  it. 

ALLEN  L.  WOOD,  Wood  lawn  Nurseries 
573  Culver  Itoad  Rochester,  N'. 


BRUSH  BURNER. 

The  question  of  handling  trimmings 
is  often  a  tough  one  with  the  fruit 
grower.  It  is  a  nuisance  to  drag  them 
out  of  the  orchard  for  burning,  while 
a  large,  hot  fire  in  the  orchard  often 
injures  the  trees.  Mr.  Wm.  Miller,  an 
Ohio  fruit  grower,  has  devised  the  burn¬ 
er  shown  at  Fig.  84.  It  can  be  made  of 


AN  ORCHARD  BURNER.  Fig.  84. 


A  WATER  SYSTEM 

WITHOUTa WATER  TANK 


Equipment  may  be  placed  at  any  distance 
from  the  vveH.  Outfits  supplied  for  any  lift. 


Don’t  use  an  immense  tank,  either 
elevated  or  buried,  for  storing 
water.  Stored  water  is  unheal  thful 
for  your  family  and  your  stock. 
Pump  the  water  direct,  with  com¬ 
pressed  air,  as  you  use  it.  Supply 
the  home  with  water  fresh  from 
the  well  by  using  the 


PERRY  PNEUMATIC  WATER  SYSTEM 

The  only  water  system  which  stores  no  water 

YX7TTH  the  Perry  System,  the  water  stays  in  the  well  until  it  is  needed.  Continuous 
v  pressure  in  the  pipes  at  all  times,  same  as  city  supply.  The  Perry  System  forces 
water  from  the  source  of  supply  to  the  faucets  by  direct  air  pressure.  It  stores  com¬ 
pressed  air,  which  is  the  power  that  forces  the  water  from  the  cylinders  of  the  pneu¬ 
matic  pump.  This  stored  air  is  reserve  power,  making  it  necessary  to  operate 
the  compressor  only  occasionally;  therefore  the  motor,  engine,  or  whatever  power 
employed  may,  in  the  meantime,  be  used  for  other  purposes. 

One  air-compressing  outfit  will  supply  both  hard  and  soft  water,  if  desired. 
Easy  to  install  and  operate. 

The  Perry  System  is  adapted  for  open  or  driven  wells,  Jakes,  rivers  or  springs. 
Economical  in  operation.  Endorsed  by  architects  and  engineers.  Fully  guaranteed. 
Write  for  descriptive  catalog. 

UNITED  PUriP  AND  POWER  CO. 


473  OLD  COLONY  BUILDING,  CHICAGO. 


iron  or  steel,  open  at  one  end  and  mount¬ 
ed  on  runners  or  skids,  so  that  the  team 
can  easily  haul  it.  A  fire  started  in  this 
can  be  kept  going  and  the  trimmings 
hauled  to  the  burner  and  disposed  of  at 
1  once.  Then  the  ashes  are  collected, 
ready  to  be  put  where  needed. 


SPRAYING  NOTES. 

The  most  important  thing  connected  with 
spraying  is  to  know  when  to  spray,  what 
to  spray  for  and  what  to  use.  If  the 
orchard  had  scale  or  blister  mite,  spray 
when  the  buds  are  swelling,  witli  lime- 
sulphur  1  to  10.  For  the  apple  scab,  spray 
just  before  the  blossoms  come  out,  with 
lime-sulphur,  one  to  DO  or  35 ;  and  again 
immediately  after  the  blossoms  fall,  one  to 
40,  and  add  three  pounds  of  arsenate  of  lead 
to  50  gallons.  If  cold  and  wet  after,  re¬ 
peat  with  same  in  two  weeks.  Thorough¬ 
ness  in  doing  the  work  is  very  necessary. 
Have  a  good  pump  with  strong  pressure, 
and  cover  every  bud  and  leaf,  but  be  care¬ 
ful  not  to  drench  the  tree.  It  requires 
much  experience  and  care  to  put  just  the 
right  amount  on  the  tree.  If  you  put 
on  too  much  you  may  injure  the  foliage 
and  may  cause  a  dropping  of  the  fruit, 
especially  if  rainy  or  trees  are  wet.  Try 
to  spray  in  fair  weather.  Farmers  fail 
because  they  are  doing  some  other  work 
when  they  ought  to  be  spraying,  and  not 
doing  thorough  work.  delos  tenny. 

Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y. 

The  most  important  essential  to  insure 
a  success  with  spraying  is  that  the  owner 
of  the  orchard  firmly  makes  up  his  mind 
to  do  the  best  job  he  is  .capable  of.  The 
farmer  who  is  “going  to  spray  if  he  can 
get  time  for  it,”  or  who  is  only  willing 
to  spend  a  limited  time  at  it,  say  one 
day.  .when  it  .would  take  two  to  do  it 
right,  is  not  apt  to  make  a  success.  If 
corn  planting  time  and  spraying  conflict 
better  do  the  spraying  first ;  next  to  har¬ 
vesting  the  crops  spraying  is  the  most  im¬ 
portant  work  I  have  to  do.  One  of  the 
most  common  mistakes  is  not  to  put  on 
enough  of  the  liquid  on  the  foliage ;  of 
course,  that  which  runs  on  the  ground 
does  no  good,  but  I  have  never  seen  any¬ 
one  who  could  do  a  good  job  without  hav¬ 
ing  considerable  on  the  ground.  A  com¬ 
mon  mistake  with  beginners  is  a  failure  to 
have  pump  and  all  the  material  ready 
when  the  time  comes.  The  time  at  which 
trees  bloom  is  variable,  better  have  things 
in  place  a  month  before  they  are  needed 
than  ia  few  days  too  late.  For  my  own 
practice  I  have  used  Bordeaux  mixture, 
four  pounds  bluestone,  five  pounds  lime  to 
|  50  gallons  water,  as  a  fimgicide,  adding 
;  two  pounds  arsenate  of  lead  as  an  insecti¬ 
cide,  spraying  three  times  during  the  sea¬ 
son.  Last  year  was  the  first  I  had  the 
San  Jose  scale  to  contend  with  I  used 
the  lime  and  sulphur,  boiling  it  vigorously 
for  40  minutes ;  found  it  nasty,  disagreea¬ 
ble  stuff  to  handle,  and  its  having  to  be 
used  as  soon  as  made  a  great  objection  ; 
worst  of  all,  not  entirely  effective.  I 
found  apples  on  one  tree  badly  marked 
with  scale  at  picking  time.  I  shall  be 

glad  to  hear  from  any  of  your  readers 
who  have  used  oil  against  this  pest. 

Virginia.  a.  u.  Lockhart. 

The  first  or  so-called  “dormant”  spray 
is  with  33  degrees  lime-sulphur,  one  to  eight 
for  San  Jose  scale,  or  one  to  10  for  blister 
mite,  at  end  of  the  dormant  season,  just 
before  leaf  growth  begins.  The  second  is 
an  application  of  Bordeaux  Mixture,  4-5-50. 
with  two  pounds  high-grade  arsenate  of 
lead  for  apple  scab,  bud-moth  and  case- 
bearer,  after  blossom  buds  have  separated 
and  just  before  blossoms  open.  The  third 
spraying  is  to  be  applied  as  soon  as  two- 
thirds  of  blossoms  have  fallen,  to  consist 
of  33  degrees  lime-sulphur,  in  proportion 
one  to  40,  adding  two  pounds  best  arsen¬ 
ate  of  lead  after  spray  tank  is  filled,  and 
when  ready  to  start  pump,  giving  thorough 
agitation  to  insure  thorough  mixing.  This 
application  is  for  both  Codling  moth  and 
apple  scab,  and  is  the  most  important  one, 
and  should  be  done  very  thoroughly.  The 
third  application  might  be  repeated  in 
three  to  four  weeks.  Purchase  only  high- 
grade  materials  from  reputable  manufac¬ 
turers,  seek  quality  rather  than  price. 
Spray  from  at  least  three  sides  of  trees, 
with  the  wind.  c.  E.  w. 

New  York. 

Spray,  for  I  am  sure  it  will  pay ;  never 
mind  the  hay,  you  can  save  that  some 
other  day ;  for  there  is  ho  other  way  to 
save  the  fruit  but  to  spray  the  right  day 
and  way,  no  difference  what  other  say ; 
and  don't  mind  the  cost,  the  fruit  will  see 
that  you  get  your  pay ;  that’s  all  I  have  to 
say.  F.  A.  KENDALL. 

West  Virginia. 


HAVE  YOU  LAND  TO  TILE? 
DO  YOU  WANT  TO 
EARN  MORE 
MONEY  ? 

TF  you  have  a  farm  that  is 
not  thoroughly  drained, 
we  want  to  remind  you 
NOW  to  get  ready  for  this 
important  work.  Tile  drain¬ 
age  is  more  than  important 
— it  is  a  necessity.  If  you 
doubt  this,  talk  with  any 
of  your  prosperous  neigh¬ 
bors,  or  write  to  the  U.  S. 

Department  of  Agriculture. 

Whether  or  not  you  area 
land  owner — you  may  he 
interested  in  doing  ditching  by  contract  in  your  own  neighborhood.  We  say : 
Before  you  start  ditching  by  hand  this  spring  or  summer  first  consider  how 
expensive,  how  slow  and  unreliable  hand  work  is.  We  want  you  to  know 
about  the 


Buckeye  Traction  Ditcher 

—a  machine  that  cuts  a  ditch  to  a  perfect  grade  so  much  Better.  Faster  and  Cheaper 
that  no  one  can  afford  to  do  the  work  in  any  other  way.  Our  DITCHER  is  moderate  in 
price,  simple  and  easy  of  operation,  and  a  remarkable  money-making  and  time-saving 
device.  Hundreds  of  farmers  are  already  using  the  BUCKEYE  and  have  found  it  always 
satisfactory  in  every  way.  Farmers  and  Threshermen,  here  is  the  machine  that  can  be 
used  eight  to  twelve  months  a  year  and  bring  in  large  returns  on  the  investment.  We 
shall  he  pleased  to  mail  you  a  copy  of  our  1911  Catalog  No.  3  upon  request. 


BUCKEYE  TRACTION  DITCHER  CO. 


FINDLAY,  OHIO 


■ 

T 

LJ 

II 

Buy  Direct  from  IJs  and  Save  Money! 


All  stock  of  Rigli  Quality  and  Genesee 
Valley  Grown,  where  Scale  is  unknown. 

« 1  PEACH  TREES,  *1 


3  Blbert.a,  3  Early  Crawford,  3  Late  Crawford 
3  Cham  pi  on,  3  Hills  Chili,  3  Carman,  3  Ey.  Hi  vers 
Trite  to  Name  or  Monei/  Hack. 

Write  now  for  Free  Catalogue  of  Complete  Line. 

Reilly  Bros.  Nurseries,  1028  Reilly  Rd.,  Dansville,  N  Y. 


TREES 

CATALOG  FREE 


—ISO  ACRES.  G  enesee  Valley  I 
grown.  “Not  the  cheapest,  lint 
the  best.”  Never  have  had  San 
Jose  Seale.  Established  I860. 

GEO.  A.  SWEET  NURSERY  CO., 

20  Maple  Si.,  Dansville,  N.  Y.  | 


Sweet  Com. 

In  making  out  your  list  of  garden  seeds  for 
the  coming  season  do  not  fail  to  include 

Ordway’s  Golden  Sweet  Corn 

This  wonderful  variety  is  early,  tender, 
juicy  and  sweet,  and  is  rapidly  growing 
in  favor. 

Waste  no  time  in  planting  any  other 
v  *v  if  you  want  the  best. 

Carefully  selected  seed  sent  by  mail  t 
receipt  of  price. 

Half-pint,  20c,;  Pint,  30c.;  Quart,  60c. 

ADDRESS 

O.  P.  Ordway,  Saxonville,  Mass. 


NURSERY  STOCK  IN  BARGAIN  LOTS _ 

I  We  pay  Express  or  Freight  to  any  R.R.  station  in  the  XT.  S.  ami  guarantee  satisfac¬ 
tion  and  arrival  in  good  condition  on  all  shipments  oil  these  offers,  which  we  hope  will  eucourago 
the  extensive  planting  of  commercial  sorts.  They  are  GENUINE  BARGAINS.  No  limit  on  these 
bargain  lots.  Order  one  or  more  lots,  as  may  be  desired.  These  lots  are  all  nice,  clean  stock,  true 
to  name  and  free  from  disease.  Write  for  descriptive  price  list.  #  *  #  * 


NO.  1,  FOR  86.00 

100  Elberta  Peach,  2  to  3  feet.  1  yr.  from  bud 
10  Jonathan  Apple,  1  year  2  to  3  feet 


NO.  5,  FOR  810.00 

100  Apple,  select,  1  year,  3  to  fonr  feet 
10  Spitzenberg  30  Winesap  10  Rome  Beauty 
20  Winter  Banana  30  Jonathan 


NO.  4,  FOR  88.00 

100  Apple,  2  to  3  feet,  first-class,  one  year 
40  Jonathan  40  Rome  Beauty  20  Winesap 

NO.  7,  FOR  815.00 

50  Kieffer  Pear,  4  to  6  feet,  first-class  50  Early  Richmond,  2  year,  4  to  6  feet 


NO.  6,  FOR  816.00 

100  Cherry,  2  year  from  bud,  5  to  G  feet 
80  Early  Richmond  10  Montmorency 

10  Dyehouse 


.  .  .  ORDER  ANY  OF  THE  ABOVE  BY  NUMBER  .  .  . 

■  HEW  HAVEN  NURSERIES,  NEW  HAVEN,  MISSOURI 


1911. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee 


THK  RURA.I>  N  LC  W  -  Y  O  RKER 


266 


ORCHARD  CULTIVATOR 


THE  FORKNER  LIGHT  DRAFT  HARROW 

is  the  only  perfect  light  running  wheel  cultivator 
ever  offered  for  orchard  work.  Each  section  is 
so  easily  manipulated  with  levers  that  a  small 
boy  can  operate  it  and  cultivate  perfectly  30  acres 
per  day  with  one  team  of  medium  weight.  With 
this  harrow  one  team  can  easily  do  the  work  of 
two  teams  with  ordinary  harrows.  Works  well 
in  stumpy  or  stony  land  and  does  not  clog  with 
loose  grass,  roots,  etc.  Its  extension  of  lift., 
3*2  ft.  each  side  of  the  team,  enables  perfect  dust 
mulching  near  the  tree  trunks  without  disturb¬ 
ing  the  branches  or  fruit,  and  eliminates  the  use 
of  the  hoe.  One  machine  will  work  101)  acres  of 
orchard  and  keep  it  in  garden  tilth.  These  ma¬ 
chines  are  labor  savers  and  will  reduce  your 
cultivating  oxpenses  one-half,  even  if  you  have 
but  five  or  ten  acres  of  orchard.  Full  particu¬ 
lars  on  request.  Address 

LIGHT  DRAFT  HARROW  COMPANY,  Marshalltown,  Iowa 


'row  onions 

7/Bio^ofj'rcRop 

VBEST  SEEP/jnd! 

only  A. 


Start  Right  with  GOOD  SEED 

We  know  that  our  Seed  is  EXTRA 
GOOD,  and  supply  yearly  many  of 
i  the  largest  growers. 

it  $15?  TO  $300  PER  ACRE 

IS  WITHIN  YOUR  REACH 

Wo  have  an  enormous  crop  of  best 
commercial  varieties  and  make 
Special  Low  Frices  on  quantity. 
Tell  us  how  many  acres  you  will 
plant  in  Onions  and  what  varie- 
ties  and  we  will  send  samples 
and  rock  bottom  prices.  Better 
write  now— it's  worth  your  while. 
Also  any  other  seeds  you  need. 

Henry  Field  Seed  Co. 

No.  26  Field  Bldg., 
SHENANDOAH,  IA. 


u/mu. 


-  0  f'l  »  l 
of  o°  • 

\$fti  h 
Hi  i  « ‘ 


o© 


o 


O/V/O/V  SEED- 


We  are  headquarters  for  a  full  line  of  Stras- 
burg,  Flat  Danvers  and  Yellow  Globe  Onion 
Seed.  Try  them  for  No.  1  stock.  Get  prices. 
— —  THE1LMANN  SEED  CO.,  ERIE,  PA. - 


ONION  Fancy  home-grown  stock. 

'“'■LllV-'flY  JXZEmJ  Send  for  samples  and 
prices.  J.  B.  QUIRK,  North  Madison,  Ohio. 

FERRY'S 

5*  ft*  To  fln- 

JLL  BL_,  Bar  est  flowers  and 

“ “ ” ’  most  luscious 

r  vegetables,  plant  the  best 
seeds.  Ferry’s  Seeds  are  best 
becausethey  never  fail  In  yield 
or  quality.  The  best  garden¬ 
ers  and  farmers  everywhere 
know  Ferry’s  seeds  to  be  the 
highest  standard  of  quality 
yet  attained.  For  sale 
everywhere. 

FERRY’S  1911  Seed  Annual 
Free  on  request 

D.  M.  FERRY  &  CO.. 

tJETSOnr.  MiBH. 


lOMQO  Privet  Hedging" 

Finest  stock  at  a  low  price.  APPLE  and 
PEACH  in  assortment  with  other  stock. 

A  Large  Stock  Cherries 

Largest  trees  at  the  lowest  price  in  years. 
SHADE  TREES,  Shrubs  and  Roses. 

We  ship  by  freight  or  express, well  packed. 
Wo  cannot  send  our  large  healthy  stock 
in  the  mail  bag.  CATALOG  FREE. 

NORTH  JERSEY  NURSERIES. 

Newark  and  Milburn,  N.  J. 


FRUIT,  SHADE  and  ORNAMENTAL 
TREES,  SHRUBS  and  ROSES 

A  Large  Stock  of  the  Finest  Quality.  Also 
a  Full  Line  of  the  BEST  Spray  Pumps,  and 
Spray  Material.  Prices  Low  and  Satisfac¬ 
tion  Guaranteed.  We  Deal  Direct  with 
our  Customers.  Write  for  Price  List. 
CALL’S  NURSE  KIES,  Perry,  Ohio. 


PLANT  HARDY  TREES 

Healthy,  acclimated,  high  grade,  true  to  label  fruit  trees 
and  plants  for  Northern  States  at  wholesale  prices,  direct 
from  nursery  to  planter.  Send  for  catalogue. 

^^CEHRl^mYNtJRSERIE^DESKG^UuMWO^Mlcr 

Fruit  Trees  From  the  Grower, 

Save  middlemen’s  expense  and  get  them 
fresh  dug.  Catalog  free. 

WM.  J.  REILLY.  NURSERYMAN.  DANSVILLE,  N  Y. 


SALESMEN  WANTED 


TO  SELL  TREES  AND  PLANTS 


Free  outfit.  Commis¬ 
sion  paid  weekly.  Write 
for  terms.  PERRY  NURS¬ 
ERIES,  Rochester,  N.  Y, 


A  NEW  BERRY  GRADING  SYSTEM. 

I  do  not  know  whether  other  berry  grow¬ 
ers  have  as  much  trouble  in  getting  their 
strawberries  properly  graded  in  the  field  as 
we  have  had,  but  it  surely  is  a  problem  to 
ship  a  uniform  product  when  new  pickers 
are  coming  every  day,  some  of  them  really 
too  young  and  others  too  dumb  to  observe 
any  rules  and  instructions  we  feel  inclined 
to  give.  As  long  as  it  does  not  require  an 
inspector  for  each  picker,  however,  we  must 
retain  them,  unless  totally  incompetent  or 
unruly,  for  help  is  hard  to  get  here  in  the 
rich  thinly  settled  prairie  country,  where 
most  farms  are  200  or  300  acres  in  extent; 
all  the  young  folks  are  needed  at  home,  and 
most  people  are  too  well-to-do  to  work  for 
wages.  Sometimes  a  whole  family  will 
come  for  a  day  or  two  to  pick  on  shares  ; 
until  they  have  their  home  supply  of  fruit  ; 
for  canning :  then  we  have  to  break  in  a 
now  gang.  We  find  these  helpers  almost 
more  difficult  to  manage  than  those  coming 
from  the  small  towns.  They  do  not  like 
to  be  told  how  we  want  the  work  done,  are  i 
inclined  to  pick  a  row  clean  of  berries,  j 
green  or  ripe,  snap  the  berriqs  off  instead 
of  picking  with  the  stem,  a  d  cannot  be  | 
made  to  understand  that  large  and  small  or 
cull  fruit  should  be  put  in  separate  baskets. 


Harris’  Home  Grown  Seeds 


FRONT  VIEW  OF  GRADING  TABLE. 

The  whole  family  want  to  pick  on  the  same 
row,  or,  at  least,  as  close  together  as  pos¬ 
sible,  and  with  the  privilege  of  talking  as 
loudly  as  they  please  and  visiting  the  other 
pickers  without  restraint.  The  village  pick¬ 
ers  are  ineliaed  to  pick  short  measures, 
leave  the  smaller  berries  in  the  row,  and 
we  have  sometimes  found  a  neat  nest  of 
straw  mulch  in  the  baskets  underneath  the 
berries  to  help  out  the  measure.  These  are 
only  a  few  o.  the  minor  worries  that  cause 
the  grower  who  desires  to  place  upon  the 
market  a  fhst-elass  guaranteed  product  to 
desire  some  plan  by  which  he  may  be  cer- 
tain  that  every  box  of  berries  he  sends  out  j 
is  what  it  Is  represented  to  be,  and  of  a 
uniform  grade 

We  must,  therefore,  bring  the  fruit  to 
the  packing  shed  ungraded  and  have  in  , 
charge  at  this  point  some  help  competent 
to  receive  the  berries,  keen  account  with 
the  pickers,  and  sort  the  fruit  into  market-  j 
aide  grades.  The  least  possible  handling  1 
and  tumbling  about  is  greatly  to  be  desired, 


Digging  Potatoes  Raiser  fob  Seed  at  Harris’  Seed  Farm 

H  ifi'h  Grade  Seed  Potatoes  We  raise  30  acres  of  potatoes  on  our  own 

farm  and  every  one  is  sold  for  seed.  Wo 
take  the  greatest  care  to  keep  up  t  he  vigor  and  purity  of  the.  seed  by  selection,  both  while 
growing  and  after  digging,  and  have  some  seed  to  offer  that  is  much  superior  to  the 
ordinary  seed  offered  by  other  dealers. 

The  “Silver  King "  potato,  so  highly  recommended  by  Mr.  C.  T.  Hunt,  was  introduced 
by  us,  and  we  have  the  true  stock.  W e  also  have  many  other  varieties,  both  early  and  late. 

Ask  for  Special  Low  Prices  as  well  as  our  Descriptive  Catalogue. 

We  raise  a  lot  of  corn  for  seed  right  hero 
!n  western  New  York.  This  corn  is  far 


Northern  Grown  Seed  Corn 


^  _  _ T  _ _ _ o _ _ _ _  vv  avv  per 

cent.  Beware  of  poorly  cured  corn  this  year. 

We  offer  some  greatly  improved  varieties  of  both  Flint  and  Dent  corn. 

Seed  Oats  of  best  varieties  free  from  smut  and  thoroughly  cleaned  ;  no  weed  seeds. 

Soy  Beans,  Fetches,  Choice  Alfalfa  Seed. 

Garden  Seeds  of  °Hr  own  growing— every  one  fresh  and  of  highest  possible 

guaSity.  A\  e  mark  the  per  cent  that  germinates  on  each  lot  of 
seeds  we  sell.  No  other  seedsman  does  this. 

If  you  have  not  a  copy  of  our  Catalogue  for  this  year  it  will  pay  you  to  ask  for  it.  If  you  use  garden 
seeds  in  considerable  quantities  also  ask  for  our  Wholesale  Price  List  for  market  gardeners. 

JOSEPH  HARRIS  CO.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 


END  VIEW  OF  GRADING  TABLE. 

yet  the  expense,  in  time  and  money,  of 
handling  each  berry  separately  is  too  great 
to  be  considered.  In  the  great  berry  fields 
of  Missouri  a  quart  scoop  i«  used  at  the 
shed  into  which  each  box  of  f.uit  is  emptied 
for  grading,  and  the  culled  berries  removed. 
Sometiin.-s.  however,  unless  the  work  is 
slowly  and  carefully  done  the  grading  is  not 
thorough  enough  for  a  critical  home  trade, 
and  we  have  studied  out  a  plan  which  we 
consider  superior,  iu  that  not  as  much 
tumbling  is  necessary  and  the  berries  can 
be  examined  more  carefully  and  rapidly. 

Our  picking  stands  are  specially  built  of 
three-eighths  inch  light  stuff  and  are  16 
inches  long  by  10  inches  wide ;  two  inches 
d  at)  at  one  side  and  four  inches  at  the 
other,  the  legs  extending  below  the  bottom 
three  and  one  inch,  respectively,  making 
the  top  level  when  set  on  the  ground.  The 
four-inch  side  is  hinged  at  bottom  and  se¬ 
cured  by  hooks  at  each  end  at  the  top,  that 
it  may  be  dropped  down  at  the  grading 
table.  The  lining  of  the  stand  is  of  white 
oilcloth  and  can  be  easily  cleaned  with  a 
damp  cloth.  It  does  not  fit  closely  in  the 
corners  of  the  frame,  but  should  give  a 
cubic  measurement  of  about  403  inches, 
which  is  the  standard  six-quart  capacity  in 
many  States,  including  New  York. 

The  grading  table  may  be  of  any  length 


In  laying  out  the  garden  use  this  book.  Hundreds  of  cultural 
articles  tell  plainly  just  where,  when  and  how  to  plant  flowers, 
vegetables  and  plants— preparation  of  soil,  fertilizing,  water¬ 
ing,  etc.  1911  edition  increased  to  288  pages,  nearly  1,000 
illustrations,  8  color  and  duotone  plates.  Over  1200  varieties 
of  Flower  Seeds,  600  kinds  of  Vegetables,  2,000  kinds  of  Plants 
described,  besides  Hardy  Shrubs,  Roses,  Climbers,  Small 
Fruits,  Aquatics,  etc.  The  standard  gardening  guide  for  over 
70  years.  M  ailed  free  to  anyone  mentioning  this  publication. 


IHIEEK’S  KTO< '  K-F  I.OW  E  K  E  I»  LARKSPURS 

'Iliis  beautiful  old-fashioned  favorite  fio wer  should  bo  in  every  garden.  Easy  to 
row,  flowering  all  summer  in  many  exquivite  shades  of  blue,  rose,  red,  lilac,  white 
Ic.  Mixed  colors.  10  cents  per  packet.  “Garden  Book’’ free  with  each  order.  * 


HENRY  A.  DREER, 


END  VIEW  OF  CARRIER. 


desired  ;  the  board  at  the  back  or  receiving 
side  is  14  inches  wide  and  inclined  toward 
the  sorters  at  an  angle  of  20  or  more  de¬ 
grees,  where  it  joins  a  12-inch  board,  set 
level.  White  oilcloth  covers  this  table  and 
extends  over  the  front  about  two  inches, 
which  part  is  cut  or  slashed  at  the  width 
of  each  berry  box,  and  strips  extending  out 
from  the  bottom  of  the  table  divide  the 
fringe  into  any  desired  number  of  troughs 
to  guide  the  berries  into  boxes  beneath  and 
to  break  their  fall.  The  boxes  slide  along 
continuously  in  a  trough  built  as  closely 
as  possible  beneath  the  edge  of  the  table, 
and  the  berries,  after  the  culls  are  removed, 
are  swept  into  them  with  a  polished  stick 
or  ruler.  The  boxes  are  then  slid  on  to  a 
fiat  table  at  the  end  of  the  trough,  where 
an  extra  supply  of  berries  is  kept  for  filling 
and  facing.  We  also  wrap  our  cool,  dry 
berries  in  paraffined  paper  if  they  are  to  be 
shipped  without  refrigeration.  In  the  dia¬ 
gram  of  end  view  of  carrier  a  is  a  hinge,  6 
hook.  The  dotted  line  at  a  in  end  view  of 
grading  table  shows  position  of  carrier  open 
for  dumping.  In  front  view  of  grading 
table,  a,  a,  a,  strips  extending  out  from 
bottom  of  table  about  two  inches ;  b,  b,  b, 
slashes  in  oilcloth  (c.  c.)  making  a  trough 
or  leader  into  boxes  placed  below  at  d. 

Indiana.  w.  a.  witiiuow. 


714  Chestnut  Street 

PHILADELPHIA. 


i  \  ■ 


MAULES  SEEDS 

ONCE  GROWN  ALWAYS  GROWN 

is  tlie  reason  wliy  Tor  many  years  past  I  have 
done  such  an  enormous  seed  business.  79,430 
customers  in  Pennsylvania  alone,  with  almost 
half  a  million  the  world  over.  My  New  Seed  Book 
for  1911  is  a  wonder;  contains  everything  in 
seeds,  bulbs  and  plants  worth  growing.  Weighs  13 
ounces;  600  illustrations,  4  colored  plates,  176 
pages.  Any  gardener  sending  his  name  on  a 
postal  card  can  have  it  for  the  asking.  Address 

WM.  HENRY  MAULE 
1707-09-1 1  Filbert  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

•Send  6  cents  ( stamps )  and  mention  this  < 
paper  and  I  unit  enclose  in  the  catalogue  ‘ 
a  packet  of  seed  of  the  uhovc  choice  pansy. 


CABBAGE  SEED— Finest  Danish  Ball  Hoad  Cabbage 
Seed  grown.  Imported  stock.  Oz. ,  30c ;  h  lb., 
80c;  1  lb.,  $2.f)0,  postpaid.  Danish  Giant  Cauli¬ 
flower,  oz..  $2.00,  Order  now.  THE  BATCHELOR 
SEED  STORE,  48  Lafayette  Street,  Utica,  N.  Y. 


Better  Seeds 
Lower  Prices 

If  we  did  not  know  we  had  something  better  to 
offer  you  in  seeds, at  lower  prices,  we  would  not  be 
so  anxious  for  you  to  have  our  catalog.  No  better 
seeds  can  be  had.— We  offer  them  to  you  direct  at 
wholesale  prices. 

(Inbliage  «ee<l— We  supply  seed  to 
the  largcstgrowers  and  storers  of  cab- 
,  bage  1  n  the  U nited  States— pure  seed — 
jtbe  kind  that  produces  cabbage,  sure 
to  head  up  even  and  harduaud  stand 
up  and  stay  green  in 
storage  until  spring. , 

Cauliflower  Weed  —  Is  Danish 
grown,  from  selected  head  8,  screened  I 
so  you  get  only  large  plump  seed.  We  * 
will  forfeit  $500  for  better,  truer  seed 
than  we  furnish  at  moderate  prices. 

.Onion  Seed— Ttiereis  no  cleaner, 
truer  seed  to  be  had.  Get  our 
special  prices  before  buying. 
LCuouinber  Seed—  Is  all  grown 
'in  New  York  State.  Aswhiteas 
chalk— no  seedsman  putsout  bet¬ 
ter  pedigreed  stock  at  any  price. 
Pens— We  grow  our  own  stock, 
hand-picked  and  cleaned.  Peas  second  to  none. 
Beans-We  grow  here,  hand-picked, 
screened,  and  graded.  New  York  State  beans 
excel  the  world. 

Sweet  Corn— Ask  the  gardener  or  the  can- 
ner  If  he  would  plant  western  grown  sweet 
corn  ?  Ours  Is  all  eastern  grown.  Field  corn 
on  approval. 

Forrest’s  Honest  Seeds  are  second  to  none 
—and  at  about  one-half  the  usual  price. 

Catalog  free  to  all— drop  us  a  postal. 


CABBAGE  SEED 

New  Enkhuizen  Glory  (the  world’s  best  cab¬ 
bage)  :  extra  selected  seed,  my  own  importa¬ 
tion.  direct  from  Introducers  in  Holland,  of 
tli i s  truly  wonderful  Cabbage.  Lb.  $2  50, Oz., 

35  cts.,  l*kt.,  iu  cts.  1C.  J.  Wakefield,  All 
Head  Early.  Early  Summer,  Succession, 
Winnigstadt,  Surehead.  Late  Flat  Dutch, 
Drumhead,  Lb.  $1.50.  Oz.  20  cts.,  Pkt.  5  cts. 
Postpaid.  Write  for  free  Catalog. 

.  AUG.  DRAKE,  Seedsman,  100  Main  St.,  Chester  N.  J. 


FORREST  SEED  CO..  Box  32,  Cortland,  N.  Y. 


SEED  CORN 

WING’S  IMPROVED  WHITE  CAP  will  out- 
yield  any  other  120-day  corn  you  can  put  beside  it. 
Improved  on  our  farms  by  ear  row  test  plots  for 
15  years.  3  acres  have  yielded  147  bu.per  acre. 

EXCELSIOR,  pure  white,  has  yielded  145  bu. 
por  acre  in  test  plot.  A  splendid  variety. 

.  /^J,N,9£,i20_DAY  YELLOW,  FUNK’S  YEL¬ 
LOW  DENT,  and  REID’S  YELLOW  DENT.  The 
three  heaviest  yielding  yellow  varieties  in  Ohio. 

WING’S  90-DAY  YELLOW.  A  sensation  in 
very  deep  grained,  heavy  yielding,  very  oarly  ma¬ 
turing  corn. 

All  our  corn  bred  by  ear  row  test  plots.  Write 
today  for  catalog  and  information. 

WING  SEED  CO.,Box  483  Mechanlcsburg,  O. 


200 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  4, 


A  CROP  OF  SWEET  CORN. 

The  stalk  of  sweet  corn  shown  in 
picture  was  taken  from  a  four-acre 
piece  of  Clark’s  Early  Evergreen.  It 
was  a  curiosity;  I  do  not  know  the 
height  of  that  stalk,  the  average  height 
was  seven  feet  six  inches  throughout 
the  piece.  The  soil  was  limestone,  clover 
sod,  mowed  one  year ;  manure,  10  two- 
horse  loads  to  the  acre ;  phosphate,  300 
pounds  14  per  cent  acid  phosphate,  put 
on  with  a  manure  spreader;  a  half  load 
was  thrown  on,  30  pounds  of  phosphate 
spread  over  that,  then  filled  up  the 
spreader  with  manure.  It  was  spread 
on  the  land  and  plowed  under  eight 
inches  deep,  jointer  used  with  plow  so 
there  were  no  raw  edges.  Fitted  with 


A  GIANT  SWEET  CORNSTALK. 


18-inch  disk  harrow  first  run  with  the 
furrows  very  light,  then  we  threw  the 
lever  over  to  the  last  notch  to  .cut  as 
deep  as  it  would,  and  lapped  half  and 
went  over  the  piece  cornerwise,  then 
with  smoothing  harrow  the  other  way 
cornerwise,  then  marked,  checked-rowed 
42  inches  each  way.  The  corn  was  plant¬ 
ed  May  20  and  21,  1910,  with  a  hand 
planter,  what  we  call  here  a  jabber; 
cultivated  until  the  corn  was  so  high 
we  could  not  use  the  riding  cultivator, 
hand-hoed  once.  The  four  acres  picked 
32,500  pounds  corn  in  the  husks,  that 
averaged  80  per  cent  at  the  factory,  which 
made  the  average  corn  26,000  pounds, 
price  paid  for  corn  70  cents  per  100, 
making  $182  for  the  four  acres,  or  $45.50 
per  acre.  This  was  grown  as  an  or¬ 
dinary  farm  crop.  A. 

Oriskany  Falls,  N.  Y. 


DANGER  IN  USING  ARSENIC. 

I  have  often  wondered  if  the  repeated 
applications  of  poisonous  mixtures  to 
fruit  trees,  etc.,  so  common  now,  would 
not  have  a  tendency  to  poison  the  soil 
and  thus  endanger  health.  The  note  be¬ 
low,  taken  from  the  “English  Mechanic,” 
which,  in  turn,  takes  it  from  the  pub¬ 
lication  .referred  to,  tends  to  confirm  my 
suspicions.  “A  number  of  determina¬ 
tions  of  the  amount  of  arsenic  present  in 
soil,  plants,  fruits  and  animals  are  re¬ 
corded  in  a  paper  by  Dr.  Headden  in  the 
‘Proceedings  of  the  Colorado  Scientific 
Society,’  Vol.  IX.  In  the  virgin  soils  ex¬ 
amined  no  fewer  than  2.5  to  five  parts 
per  million  were  found,  whilst  the  sub¬ 
soils  contained  even  more,  sometimes  as 
much  as  15  parts  per  million.  Orchard 
sorls,  where  arsenical  sprays  have  long 
been  in  use,  may  contain  10  to  28 
times  these  quantities,  and  yield  appre¬ 
ciable  amounts  of  arsenic  compounds  to 
water.”  Crops  grown  on  these  soils  and 
fruits  from  the  trees  all  contained  ar¬ 
senic,  and  it  was  also  readily  detected 
in  the  urine  of  three  persons  who  had 
eaten  quantities  of  these  fruits.” 

J.  T.  SCHMIDT. 

Michigan. 

R.  N.-Y. — At  the  Colorado  Agricul¬ 
tural  Experiment  Station  it  was  found 
that  quantities  of  arsenic  were  formed 
in  the  soil  under  and  around  apple  trees, 
in  fact,  the  statements  made  in  the 
quoted  paragraph  are  from  the  station 
records.  In  Colorado  conditions  are 
peculiar.  There  is  little  rainfall  and  or¬ 
chards  are  irrigated.  The  soil  contains 
considerable  alkali,  which  combines  with 
the  arsenic  to  hold  it  in  the  upper  soil. 
Also  the  Colorado  apple  growers  fre¬ 
quently  spray  five  or  six  times,  using  far 
more  arsenic  to  the  tree  than  would  be 
the  case  in  eastern  orchards.  All  these 
things  combine  to  make  a  peculiar  condi¬ 


tion  favorable  to  the  accumulation  of 
arsenic  in  the  soil  of  apple  orchards. 
The  station  authorities  are  experiment¬ 
ing  with  new  forms  of  arsenic  and  other 
materials,  like  a  form  of  nicotine  or  to¬ 
bacco  which  will  kill  the  Codling  worm 
without  injuring  the  soil.  Thus  far 
these  have  not  been  fully  successful. 
The  chemists  at  the  eastern  experiment 
stations  do  not  consider  the  danger  seri¬ 
ous.  They  think  that  in  our  humid  cli¬ 
mate  the  excess  of  arsenic  will  be 
washed  off  the  trees  and  out  of  the  soil 
without  injury,  and  in  any  event  our 
growers  do  not  use  as  much  arsenic  as  is 
used  in  Colorado. 


Satisfaction  v%  Guaranteed  Users 

o.  K. 
Champion 
Machines- 
Are 

Reliable 

OUR  PRICES 
AND  QUALITY 
ARE  RIGHT 

Our  O.  K.  Champion  Planter  makes  and  saves  the 
owner  money.  One  man  and  team  plant  five  or  six  acres  of 
potatoes  a  day  accurately  and  easily.  Learn  moro  about  this 
and  our  line  of  potato  diggers,  etc.  Let  ns  send  you  oar  free 
Catalog.  Write  today.  Dealers  soil  our  machines. 

Champion  Potato  Machinery  Co. 

151  Chicago  Ave.,  Hammond,  Ind. 

Lessen  Your  Labor 

by  using  the  W 

self-operating — up-to-date  ^ 

ASPINWALL 

Potato  Planter  No.  3 

Work  accurate.  Adjustment  simple.  Mechanical 
principles  right.  Durable— many  in  use  from  10  to 
SMyeare  without  a  cent  expended  for  repairs. 

One  person  operates  it. 

Protect  your  crop  with  ASPINWALL  SPRAYER. 
Orchard  and  Broadcast  attachments  furnished 
when  desired. 

Write  for  catalog,  also  our  new  booklet.  “The 
Potato.’’  It  contains  Information  every  farmer 
should  have. 

Aspinwall  Manufacturing  Co. 

437  Sabin  Street  Jackson,  Mich.,  U.  S.  A. 

World’s  oldest  and  largest  makers  of  Potato  Machinery 


WYOMING  SHOVELS 

Just  one  look  tells  you  that  WYOMING 
SHOVELS  will  give  that  long,  satisfactory 
service  you  have  been  looking  for. 

They  are  made  to  stand  the  gaff.  Their  blades 
are  made  of  crucible  steel — they  seldom  need  grind¬ 
ing.  Their  strong  ash  handles  defy  the  most  severe 
strain  you  are  apt  to  put  upon  them. 

If  you  want  to  accomplish  twice  the  work  in  a 
given  time,  and  save  the  money  usually  lost  in 
buying  inferior  grades,  use  WYOMING  SHOVELS. 

Your  money  invested  in  them  will  be 
well  spent.  Get  a  WYOMING  SHOVEL 
to-day  and  prove  its  worth  for  yourself. 

All  varieties  of  shapes.  Every  one  fully 
guaranteed.  Write  for  our  Free  Booklet 
“  Calling  a  Spade  a  Spade.”  At  your 
dealers,  or  conveniently  supplied. 

WYOMING  SHOVEL  WORKS 

Wyoming,  Pa. 


well  seasoned! 

ash  handle/ 


ThePETTEBONE 

Patent  Protected 
BackStrap 


Rivets  and 
Back  Strap 

below  the  line 
oj  wear. 


Blades  made  oj 

Starxtard^rade 
CRUCIBLE  STEEL. 


WANTED-RIDER  AGENTS 

hibit  a  sample  1911  Model  “Ranger”  bicycle  furnished  by  us.  Our  agents  every. 


IN  EACH  TOWN 

and  district  to 
ride  and  ex« 


nyone,  anyw  _  .  _ _ _ _ _ _  .  _ 

allow  TEN  DAYS’  FREK  TRIAL  during-  which  time  you  may  r’icfe  the  ticycle’and  put 
1  it  to  any  test  you  wish.  If  you  are  then  not  perfectly  satisfied  or  do  not  wish  to  keep  the 
[  bicycle  you  may  ship  it  back  to  us  at  our  expense  and  you  -will  not  be  out  one  cent. 

I  flUf  CAPTHRY  DRIPTQ  Wefumish  the  highest  grade  bicycles  It  is  possible  to  make 
“t#  ■■  f  HU  1  will  rniUUO  at  one  small  profit  above  actual  factory  cost.  You  save  fro  to  $25 
middlemen's  profits  by  buying  direct  of  us  and  have  the  manufacturer's  guarantee  behind  your 
bicycle.  DO  NOT  BUY  a  bicycle  or  a  pair  of  tires  from  anyone  at  any  price  until  you  receive 
our  catalogues  and  learn  our  unheard  olfactory  prices  and  remarkable  special  offer . 

YHII  WII  I  DC  ACTnillCUirn  When  you  receive  our  beautiful  catalogue  and  study 
I  UU  "  ILL  DC  MO  I  UlllOnCU  our  superb  models  at  the  •wonderful  low  prices  vie 
can  make  you.  We  sell  the  highest  grade  bicycles  at  lower  prices  than  any  other  factory.  We  are 
satisfied  with  $t.oo  profit  above  factory  cost.  BICYCLE  DBA  LERS,  you  can  sell  our  bicycles 
under  your  own  name  plate  at  double  our  prices.  Orders  filled  the  day  received. 

SECOND  HAND  BICYCLES — a  limited  number  taken  in  trade  by  our  Chicago  retail  stores  will 
be  closed  outat  once,  at  $3  to  $8  each.  Descriptive  bargain  list  mailed  free. 

TIREQ  PHACTCR  RRAIfE  rear  wheels,  inner  tubes.  lamps,  cyclometers,  parts,  repairs 
■  In  CD)  UUHu  I  Elk  DUHIVE  and  everythingin  the  bicycle  lineatlinlf  usual  prices. 
DO  NOT  WAIT — but  write  today  for  our  Large  Catalogue  beautifully  illustrated  and  containing  a  great  fund  ol 
Interesting  matter  and  useful  information.  It  only  costs  a  postal  to  get  everything.  Write  it  now. 

MEAD  CYCLE  CO.  Dept.  A-8O1  CHICAGO,  ILL. 


‘A  good  investment 
for  the  farmer  ” 


-Says  the  Little 
Paint  Man 


A  good  investment  for  the  farmer  is  paint.  It  is  just  as  good  an  investment 
for  the  farmer  as  fertilizers,  seed  corn  or  implements.  Paint  pays — that  is, 
good  paint  does. 

The  outside  of  every  building  on  the  farm  is  steadily  depreciating  and 
will  have  to  be  renewed  unless  it  is  painted  to  protect  it  from  the  weather. 

Lumber  costs  more  than  paint.  A  little  lumber  costs  more  than  a  great 
deal  of  paint.  Building  costs  more  than  painting. 

Raw  lumber  in  a  house  or  any  other  building  absorbs  dampness,  dries 
out  under  exposure  to  the  hot  sun,  and  soon  checks  and  decays  until  it  is  too 
late  to  save  it  even  with  good  paint. 

With  proper  painting  a  farm  building  should  last  forty  or  nfty  years 
and  longer. 

When  painting  to  protect  your  buildings,  also  paint  to  make  them  look 
well.  It  is  just  as  cheap  to  have  the  right  colors  as  the  wrong  ones.  You  may 
need  advice  on  this.  I  have  made  a  book  of  color  schemes  for  the  outside 
of  farm  houses  and  other  farm  buildings,  including  barns,  that  not  only 
suggests  the  colors,  but  also  tells  about  the  paint. 

It  is  free,  so  you  had  better  write  for  it  today. 

Address  THE  LITTLE  PAINT  MAN,  care  of 

Sher  win -Williams 


Paints  &  Varnishes 

635  Canal  Road,  Cleveland,  Ohio.  In  Canada,  897  Centre  Street,  Montreal 
Sold  by  dealers  everywhere.  Ask  for  color  cards 


rag  mm 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


267 


PUMPKIN-SQUASH  HYBRID. 

Tiie  squash  shown  in  the  picture  (Fig. 
88)  grew  on  a  vine  produced  by  a  seed 
from  a  Delicious  squash  that  was  grown 
near  some  pumpkin  vines.  The  parent 
seed  and  fruit  were  just  like  the  rest 
of  the  seed  and  squashes,  but  this  par¬ 
ticular  seed  produced  a  vine  that  had 
characteristics  perculiar  to  both  pump¬ 
kin  and  squash  vines ;  the  rounded  vines 
of  the  squash  with  the  spotted  leaves  of 
the  pumpkin  vine.  But  one  fruit  ma¬ 
tured,  and  as  will  be  noticed  in  the  pic¬ 
ture,  it  had  the  shape  and  rind,  also  the 
color  of  the  squash,  and  the  small  hard 
stem  of  the  pumpkin  instead  of  the  large 
soft  stem  peculiar  to  the  Winter  squash¬ 
es.  When  cut  open  the  flesh  had  the 
distinctive  pumpkin  odor,  and  the  seeds 
were  small  yellowish  straw  colored  in¬ 
stead  of  white,  and  were  thinner  than 
squash  seed.  There  were  but  14  seeds, 
most  of  which  were  sent  to  Cornell  Ex¬ 
periment  Station.  For  some  reason  the 
seed  failed  to  grow  for  the  Station  peo¬ 
ple,  and  the  seed  I  kept  produced  three 
vines.  These  vines  were  in  an  isolated 
spot  and  were  of  extreme  interest  dur¬ 
ing  the  entire  growing  season.  One 
vine,  while  apparently  healthy,  never 
grew  higher  than  three  or  four  inches, 
though  it  lived  all  Summer,  and  con¬ 
tinued  to  grow  slowly.  The  other  vines 
made  a  vigorous  growth ;  one  resembled 
a  pumpkin  vine,  while  the  other  for  the 
most  part  resembled  the  squash  vines, 
though  the  fruit  blossoms  were  herma¬ 
phrodite  and  the  pollen  blossoms, 
though  well  formed,  neither  opened  nor 
produced  pollen.  This  vine  produced 
no  fruit,  but  judging  by  the  embryo 
they  would  have  been  quite  pumpkinlike. 
The  vine  having  the  pumpkin  vine 


A  SQUASH— PUMPKIN  HYBRID.  Fig.  88 


characteristics  had  normal  blossoms  ex¬ 
cept  that  the  male  blossoms  produced 
no  pollen.  One  fruit  was  produced  by 
this  vine,  and  in  shape  and  color  was 
like  the  picture  except  it  had  a  large, 
round  stem.  The  seed  from  which  these 
vines  grew  had  been  fertilized  with  pure 
squash  pollen,  yet  the  pumpkin  charac¬ 
ters  persisted  in  the  next  generation; 
squash  pollen  was  supplied  to  the  fruit 
blossoms  on  both  the  vines  of  the  second 
generation,  but  the  few  seeds  in  the  one 
squash  that  grew  were  entirely  hollow, 
and  a  very  interesting  experiment  came 
to  an  abrupt  end.  Without  possibility 
of  commercial  value,  this  hybrid  was 
valued  by  the  writer  as  an  interesting 
scientific  curiosity,  generally  not  sup¬ 
posed  to  be  possible  to  produce.  Prof. 
L.  H.  Bailey,  in  his  “Plant  Breeding,” 
speaking  of  the  refusa1  '  distinct  spe¬ 
cies  to  cross,  says:  ‘‘Tor  instance,  if 
we  apply  the  pollen  of  a  Hubbard 
squash  to  the  flower  of  a  common  field 
pumpkin,  there  will  simply  be  no  result, 
the  fruit  will  not  form.”  Prof.  Bailey 
had  much,  experience  in  crossing  cucur- 
bitaceous  vines  and  wrote  advisedly,  but, 
given  the  proper  conditions,  the  bees 
were  able  to  produce  a  hybrid  that  baf¬ 
fled  the  skill  of  a  painstaking  scientist, 
laboring  to  produce  similar  results. 

Highland  Co.,  O.  w.  e.  duckwall. 


POTATOES  GROWN  UNDER  STRAW. 

Having  tried  several  methods  experi¬ 
mentally  to  conserve  moisture  on  an  ex¬ 
tremely  thin,  worn  piece  of  sandy  soil 
during  the  hot  Summer  nvpnths,  I  hit  on 
the  following  with  excellent  results.  The 
piece  in  question  was  very  weedy,  and  had 
been  in  cultivated  crops  two  seasons,  and 
kept  clean  to  eradicate  them  and  al¬ 
though  the  soil  had  been  manured  to  some 
extent  it  would  rapidly  dry  out  even 
after  heavy  rains.  Dust  mulches  were  of 
no  avail,  and  this  season  having  a  large 
quantity  of  available  partially  rotted  rye- 
straw,  after  the  second  cultivation  I  drew 
loads  of  it  out  and  by  driving  the  team 
over  the  rows  lengthwise  this  straw  was 
distributed  evenly  about  three  inches  deep 
between  the  rows,  and  thus  over  the  field. 
Hast  season  potatoes  on  this  field  were  a 
light  crop,  and  dried  out  badly,  although 
we  had  copious  rains  during  the  growing 


season.  Last  year,  after  experiencing  a 
most  severe  drought  during  the  Summer, 
potatoes  here  were  a  bumper  crop,  and 
all  through  the  season  and  at  digging 
time,  the  soil  in  this  field  was  moist  and 
loose.  Why?  As  previously  stated,  the 
two  thorough  cultivations  had  mellowed 
and  stirred  the  soil  to  a  good  depth,  some¬ 
thing  like  five  or  six  inches,  and  the  ap¬ 
plication  of  the  straw  following  immediately 
kept  the  hot  sun  from  drying  and  crust¬ 
ing  the  surface,  and  agiiin  when  rain 
came  the  force  of  impact  of  the  drops  was 
broken  by  the  loose  straw  barrier,  and  the 
water  made  to  percolate  more  slowly  to 
to  the  soil  beneath.  Besides,  the  straw, 
acting  somewhat  like  a  sponge,  held  in  sus¬ 
pension  much  of  the  moisture,  even  days 
afterward,  thus  giving  to  the  ground  that 
which  would  have  otherwise  packed  the 
surface  and  run  off.  doing  no  good.  Also, 
in  explanation  of  the  above,  almost  any 
one  can  find  and  prove  its  counterpart  by 
raising  a  loose  bit  of  board,  old  straw,  or 
sticks  which  have  been  upon  the  ground 
some  length  of  time  ;  no  matter  what  kind 
of  soil  these  may  be  upon,  invariably  be¬ 
neath  them  the  ground  will  be  found  moist 
and  cool.  In  my  experiment  this  season 
I  applied  about  three  tons  wet  straw  per 
acre.  In  the  hottest  days  it  would  only 
dry  in  an  inch  or  so  and  was  constantly 
moist  on  its  under  surface  during  the 
whole  season.  No  weeds  to  any  extent 
came  through  the  straw  and  this  Winter 
and  next  Spring  it  will  further  rot  and 
incorporate  with  the  soil,  and  may  be 
readily  plowed  under. 

Michigan.  g.  a.  randall. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  24. 


CHILDREN  AFFECTED 

By  Mother’s  Food  and  Drink. 

Many  babies  have  been  launched  into 
life  with  constitutions  weakened  by  dis¬ 
ease  taken  in  with  their  mothers’  milk. 
Mothers  cannot  be  too  careful  as  to  the 
food  they  use  while  nursing  their  babes. 

The  experience  of  a  Kansas  City 
mother  is  a  case  in  point : 

“I  was, a  great  coffee  drinker  from  a 
child,  and  thought  I  could  not  do  with¬ 
out  it.  But  I  found  as  last  it  was  doing 
me  harm.  For  years  I  had  been  troubled 
with  dizziness,  spots  before  my  eyes  and 
pain  in  my  heart,  to  which  was  added, 
[two  years  later,  a  chronic  sour  stomach. 

“The  baby  was  born  7  months  ago, 
and  almost  from  the  beginning,  it,  too, 
suffered  from  sour  stomach.  She  was 
taking  it  from  mej 

“In  my  distress  I  consulted  a  friend 
of  more  experience  and  she  told  me  to 
quit  coffee,  that  coffee  did  not  make  good 
milk.  I  have  since  ascertained'  that  it 
really  dries  up  the  milk. 

“So,  I  quit  coffee  and  tried  tea  and  at 
last  cocoa.  But  they  did  not  agree  with 
me.  Then  I  turned  to  Postum  with  the 
happiest  results.  It  proved  to  be  the 
very  thing  I  needed.  It  not  only  agreed 
perfectly  with  baby  and  myself,  but  it 
increased  the  flow  of  my  milk. 

“My  husband  then  quit  coffee  and  used 
Postum  and  quickly  got  well  of  the  dys¬ 
pepsia  with  which  he  had  been  troubled.  I 
no  longer  suffer  from  the  dizziness,  blind 
spells,  pain  in  my  heart  or  sour  stomach. 

“Now  we  all  drink  Postum  from  my 
husband  to  my  seven  months’  old  baby. 
It  has  proved  to  be  the  best  hot  drink  we 
have  ever  used.  We  would  not  give  up 
Postum  for  the  best  coffee  we  ever  drank.” 

Name  given  by  Postum  Co.,  Battle 
Creek,  Mich. 

Get  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs. 

“There’s  a  Reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new 
one  appears  from  time  to  time.  They 
are  genuine,  true,  and  full  of  human 
interest. 


FRUIT  GROWERS  FAVORITE  SAW 

IS  THE  MOST  PRACTICAL  TREE  PRUNER  EVER  INVENTED 


Because  it  saves  time  and  labor  and  is  so  easy  to 
handle.  It  is  made  with  a  15-inch  draw  cut  blade 
ami  has  a  7  or  8  foot  handle. 

Write,  today  for  Descriptive  Circular  and  Prices. 

FRUIT  GROWERS  SAW  COMPANY.  Scottsville.  New  York. 


Equip  Your  Garden  Right 

Cct  the  new  sash  that  has  two  layers  of  glass  and  needs 
no  mats  or  other  covers.  Grow  your  flowers  and  vegeta- 
b  es  way  ahead  of  the  season.  Have  a  garden  under 
glass  always  growing. 

Send  For  These  Two  Books 

One  is  our  valuable  free  cat¬ 
alog.  In  the  other  Prof.  Masse; 
tells  what  and  when  to  plant  in 
hot-beds  and  cold-frames.  Send 
4c  in  stamps  for  this  booklet  in 
addition  to  free  catalog. 

Sunlight  Doable  Glass  Sash  Co. 

924  E.  Broadway.  Louisville,  Ky. 


4? 


ISBELL’S  JOHNSON  OATS’ 


a 


ISBELL’S  NEW  JOHNSON  OATS 


VERY  PRODUCTIVE 
THIN  HULL 


HEAVY  GRAIN 
STIFF  STRAW 


Johnson  Oats  originated  here  in  Michigan  and  we  have  many 
testimonials  attesting  to  their  value.  The  heads  are  large  and 
branching  and  loaded  with  big,  plump,  thin-hulled  and  bright  grain. 

Its  roots  run  deep  into  the  soil,  thus  supplying  the  plant  with 
moisture  and  food  even  in  a  dry  season.  It  stools  out  and  a  single 
plant  produces  a  number  of  large  heads.  It  is  plump  and  heavy 
often  weighing  36  to  40  lb  s.  to  the  bushel.  The  straw  is  very  stiff 
and  of  medium  height,  holding  up  its  large,  well  filled  heads  on  the 
richest  ground  when  other  varieties  lie  flat.  “The  Johnson”  are  not 
side  Oats.  The  money  you  invest  in  the  Johnson  Oats  for  seed  will 
yield  a  profit  of  100  to  200  per  cent  in  the  increased  yield  you  will 
got  over  the  common  kind  you  have  been  planting.  The  extra  cost 
of  the  seed  of  the  Johnson  over  common  Oats  is  so  light  that  no  one  can 
afford  to  plant  the  common  varieties.  A  change  of  seed  once  in  2  or  3 
years  is  absolutely  essential  to  growing  good  crops  and  when  a  change  is 
made  get  the  best  variety  possible.  The  Johnson  will  fill  the  hill  every 
time.  Prices  by  mail,  postpaid:  Pkt.,  4c;  qt.,  18c;  3  qts.,  45c.  Not  pre¬ 
paid:  Qt.,  10c;  y2  pk.,  18c;  pk.,  30c;  bu.,  $1.00;  in  lots  of  2 i/2  to  10  bus  at 
9oc;  10  bus.  or  more,  at  92c  per  bu.,  bags  free.  Freight  to  be  paid  by  customer, 
'■-legant  104  pages  Seed  Annual  FREE. 


S.  M.  ISBELL  GO.  •■SOT 


Jackson,  Mich. 


Seed  Potatoes— Seed  Oats 


you 


G^TMoun,t?i.n’  State  of  Maine  and  other  leading  varieties  direct  from  our  SEED  FARMS  to 
at  $2.00  per  bbl.  Tins  is  the  age  of  the  SPECIALIST  and  we  are  SEEO  POTATO  SPECIALISTS. 

And  offer  .you  at  above  price  the  very  best  SEED  POTATOES  that  time,  money  and  skillful 
attention  to  details  can  possibly  grow.  Our  SEED  POTATOES  were  all  harvested  from  fields  abso¬ 
lutely  tree  from  blight  or  diseases  of  any  kind,  and  will  produce  strong,  vigorous,  lioalthy  plants 
that  will  give  you  the  maximum  yield.  Send  for  descriptive  price  list  which  gives  full  description 
of  the  best  varieties  of  SEED  OATS  and  POTATOES. 

CIIAS  1ST.  CORNER,  :  :  OWEGO,  NEW  YORK 


HHA  NEW  SEED  OATS.  Bijjmoney 

I  H  in  right  kind  oi  oats.  Here’9 

M  ggm  9R  your  chance.  Imported  Canadian 

H  ■■  H  seed  oats,  raised  on  Galloway 

#3B3 3  SM  Brothers’  big  farm  in  Canada. 

U  ■  B  New,  clean  land.  Regenerated 

Swedish  Select  went  116  bushels 
to  acre;  Early  New  Market  110  bushels  to  acre.  Farmers  who 
bought  this  seed  from  us  last  year  raised  as  high  as  75  to  100 
pushels  in  this  country,  and  found  out  their  old  seed  was  inbred 
pnd  run  out.  Change  your  seed.  Try  some  of  this  new  seed, 
bend  for  free  sample,  or  10  cents  for  large  packet.  Will  also  send 
our  free  booklet,  entitled  “Big  Money  in  Oats  and  How  to  Grow 
Them.  Gailoway  Bros«-Bowman  Company 
662  Galloway  Station  Waterloo,  Iowa 


OATS 


alog  free. 


THAT  YIELD.  Our  Sensation  Oats 
breaks  all  records.  Nothing  like  it. 
Also  SEED  CORN.  Samples  and  ent- 

LHEO.  BURT  &  SONS,  MELROSE,  OHIO. 


CLOYER  *"o  TIMOTHY  KSSS 

Cheapest  and  Rest  Seeding  Known 

Alslke,  Clover  and  Timothy  mixed.  Fully  %  AI- 
sike,  a  great  bargain.  Most  wonderful  hay  and  pas¬ 
ture  combination  that  grows.  Write  for  Free  Sam¬ 
ple  and  our  large  76-page  catalog  describing  this 
wonderful  grass  mixture.  "  Far  ahead  of  anything 
you  can  sow  and  ridiculously  cheap.  He  convinced, 
it.  A.  Rerry  Seed  C’o.,  lioxsco  Clarinda,  Iowa- 

nilfiinpd  Hlnvpr  9ppfl  Weareintheheartofthe 

^.llJj.ly.C51  ulUlot  OKcU  clover  tiistriot  Buying 
direct  from  the  farmer  and  selling  direct  to  you 
gives  you  best  quality,  clean  seed,  and  saves  you 
money.  Also  handle  Aisike  and  Timothy.  Sample 
free.  Order  now.  O.  M.  SCOTT  &  .SON,  ”  Only 
Seeds— mostly  clovers,”  10  Alain  St.,  Marysville,  O. 

SEEO  OATS— Long’s  Tartar  and  Read’s  Green  Moun¬ 
tain  Learning  Seed  Corn.  High-class  seeds  at  low 
prices.  Samples  free.  E.  C.  Dktmer,  Napoleon,  O. 

CCCnC  Clovers;  Medium  Red,  Mammoth, 
vLLUw  Aisike,  Alfalfa;  Timothy,  Blue  Grass, 
Red  Top,  Soy  Beans,  Cow  Peas,  Oats,  Corn,  etc. 
Send  for  prices  and  samples. 

ZAUK  DAVIS  C'O.,  Delaware  Ohio 

CnD  QAI  C— Canada  Peas,$1.85bushel;  Alas- 
TUIi  vnLt  ka  Peas,  $4.00  bushel;  Cow  Peas. 
$2.25  bushel;  Crimson  Clover  Seed,  $8.50  bushel. 
Sow  Canada  Peas  and  Oats  in  March  and  harvest 
a  crop  of  Hay  in  May.  Onion  Sets  at  $2.25  per 
bushel.  JOSEPH  E.  HOLLAND,  Milford,  Del. 

Clover  Seed,  Seed  Corn,  Seed  Oats,  AHP 

Highest  quality.  Why  not  buy  these  direct?  Cata¬ 
log  of  all  kinds  of  farm  seeds  mailed  free  on  re¬ 
quest.  MACE  &  MANSFIELD,  Greenville,  Ohio. 

“PRINCE  HENRY”  Potato.  Heavy 
yielding  variety  of  Rural  type.  Excellent  quality, 
grown  from  selected  and  treated  seed,  choice  stock. 
2-bushel  sack  SI.4U,  5  sacks  or  more  $l.3U  each. 
CHAMPION  BEARDLESS  BARLEY, 
Pure  and  nice.  2  bushels  $2.75,  id  bushels  or  more 
$1.30  per  bushel.  J.  N.  MacPHEltSON,  Pine  View 
Farm,  Scottsville,  N.  Y. 

OOD SEEDS 

BESTIHTHE WORLD 

PRICES  BELOW  ALL  OTHERS 

I  give  x  lot  of  new  sorts  for 
jirial  with  every  order  I  fill. 
A  Grand  Big  Catalog  pppp 
Illustrated  with  over  IjlEIg 
700  engravings  of  vegetables 
_  and  flowers.  Send  yours  and 
^liB^^^your  neighbors’  addresses. 

R.  H.  SHUMWAY,  Rockford,  Illinois* 


GREGORY’S  SEEDS 

90  cents  worth  for 
25  cents  in  coin 

Aster,  Gregory's  Special  Fancy  Mixture,  •  .  19c. 
Pansy,  Gregory’s  Special  Fancy  Mixture,  .  15c. 
Coreopsis,  Gregory’s  Special  Fancy  Mixture,  05c. 
Poppy,  Gregory’s  Fancy  Doable  Mixed  Annual*,  19c. 
Mignonette,  Gregory’s  barge  Flowering,  very  rl«h  19c. 
Bachelor  Button,  Gregory’s  Finest  Mixture,  19c. 
Petunia,  Gregory’s  Finest  Hybrid  Mixture,  .  15c. 
Candytuft,  Gregory’s  Finest  Mixed,  .  .  ,95c. 

Nasturtium,  Dwarf,  Finest  Mixed,  ....  95c. 

Sweet  Peas.  Extra  Choice  Mixed . 95c. 

10  packages  sentfor25c  in  coin.  I 

In  addition  to  above,  will  send  FIVB 
of  our  regular  FIVE  CENT  PACK¬ 
AGES  of  Vegetable  seed,  onr  se¬ 
lection,  with  beautifnl  Catalogue,  if  I 
this  paper  is  mentioned  with  order.  I 
H.  GREGORY  8  SON,  157  Elm  8t..M9bbuhead,  Musa  .| 


1  pk*. 

1  pkg. 
J  pkg. 
1  pkg. 
1  pkg. 
I  pkg. 
1  Pkg. 
1  pkg. 
1  pkg. 
1  pkg. 


SECOND  CROP  Seed  Potatoes,  best  by  test  everywhere, 
come  the  earliest,  grows  the  largest  crops  of  prims 
potatoes.  Catalog  free.  J.  W.  HALL,  Marion  Station,  Md. 


Three  rousing  big  crops  ol 

SALZER’S 

Alfalfa 


We  have  sold  enough  of 
this  seed  to  sow  half-a- 
million  acres  and 
every  purchaser 
has  been  enthu¬ 
siastic  about  it. 

Ex-Gov.  W.  D. 

Hoard  of  Wiscon¬ 
sin  writes  “I  like  . 
the  quality  of  your'nY^^ 

Alfalfa  Clover  very  .  _jr 
much.  On  30  acres  ™ 

I  raised  over 
$2500  worth  of 
Alfalfa  Hay. 

There  is  no 
better  money 
crop  that  I 
know  of.” 

You  sow  Salzer’s  Northern  Grown  Alfalfa  and 
get  three  rousing  big  crops,  in  May,  July  and 
August,  besides  having  the  best  of  pastures.  It 
will  do  this  on  any  farm  in  America  where 
Timothy  will  grow.  Get  full  particulars.  Write 
for  our  1911  catalog.  It’s  free. 


0 


10  PACKETS  OF 
FARM  SEEDS 


100 


Here’s  our  great  trial  collection  at  one  cent 
a  package,  composed  of  Spelfz,  the  cereal  and 
hay  wonder.  Silver  King  Barley,  a  world  beater  with 
173  bu.  per  acre,  Bonanza  Oat— swon  four  farms  in 
1910— biggest  sworn  to  yield  259  Bushels  per  acre! 
Billion  Dollar  Grass,  the  ten  ton  grass  wonder. 
Salzer’s  luxuriant  A/fa/fa,  and  live  other  packets, 
allfen  for  10c  in  stamps.  Write  for  this  collection 
today  and  we’ll  also  send  you  a  free  copy  of  our 
great  1911  catalogue. 

JOHN  A.  SALZER  SEED  CO. 

144  South  8th  St.,  La  Crosse,  Wls. 


268 


March  4* 


THE  APPLE  BUSINESS 

Is  a  sure  thing — if  you  have  the  right  kind  of 
a  tree.  People  may  plant  too  many  oranges 
but  the  good  old  apple  is  a  sure  thing.  The 
time  to  get  in  with  that  hillside  is  right  now 
— this  Spring. 

There  is  some  discussion  about  the  best 
aged  tree  to  plant.  Some  want  big  trees  and 
some  little  whips.  We  have  them  all! 

The  size  is  a  matter  of  opinion  but  every¬ 
body  agrees  that  the  health  and  lifp  of  the 
tree  is  more  important.  We  put  life  and 
health  in  our  trees — or  they  do  it  themselves. 

They  grow  in  strong  ground  with  no 
check  from  start  to  finish  and  with  a  long 
fall  season  to  harden  and  ripen  their  woods. 

They  are  sound,  free  from  disease  and 
ready  to  grow.  Every  variety  you  want 
and  every  tree  right. 

The  Caftilog  tells  all  about  it. 

HARRISON’S  NURSERIES,  Box  15,  BERLIN,  MD. 


FRUIT  TREES 

Prices.  Free  Catalogue. 


AppleH,  Pears,  Plums, Cherries, 
Peaches,  Small  Fruits,  Shrubs, 
Boses.  Finest  Stock.  Low 
Write  us  before  you  buy. 


J.  Fitrbtr  Frultland  Nurseries.  303  Wlnton  Rd.N., Rochester, N.Y. 


FRUIT  TREES  and  PLANTS 

At  prices  that  will  astonish  you.  Send  for  Whole¬ 
sale  Price  List  and  Lithographs .  Several  good 
collections  cheap.  We  have  a  complete  assortment 
in  all  varieties  of  frnit  trees  and  plants.  Special 
Strawberry  Catalog.  Headquarters  for  the  Old- 
Fashioned  Sweet  Cherry.  No  crooked  or  inferior 
stock  sold  at  any  price.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
L’AMORKAUX  NURSERY  CO.,  Schoharie,  N.  Y. 


For  Best  EXTENSION  LADDER at  532^ 

JOHN  J.  PUTTKK.lt  Mill  Bt.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


WANTED 


a  few  good  customersf  or 
our  unexcelled  Tree*, 
Shrub*  and  Plants. 


We  want  your  custom  and  you  want  our  good*. 


Send  for  our  FREE  catalog. 


Tha  Rochester  Nurseries,  Rochester,  N.Y. 


ORANGE  SORGHUM  SEED. 

»i  .50  per  bushel.  Best  for  forage.  Albaugh,  new, 
as  early  as  the  Amber;  will  yield  one-third  more 
syrup  and  seed :  4  lbs.,  postpaid,  75  cents. 

B.  H.  BROWN,  Box  25,  Oxford,  Ohio’ 


Set  Your  Plants  Better 

with  a  Fetzer 
Transplanter 

Waters  the  roots, 
leaves  no  hard  crust 
on  surface.  Every 
plant  lives.  1  man  and 
t  boys  transplant  5  acres  a  day  and  do  better  work. 
Write  to-day  for  Free  Hook  No.  49  on  Transplanting 


THE  VE  FKTZKK  <50.,  MprlngOeld,  III. 


PAPER  POTS 

They  will  grow  anything  from  a  cucumber  to  a  carnation. 
They  are  the  quickest  folding  paper  pot  on  the  market. 
Best  for  shipping;  they  are  square,  pack  closely,  no 
breakage.  Prices;  3  inch  $1.25  per  1000,  4  inch  $1.75 
per  1000.  (In  lots  of  5000  deduct  25c.  per  1000.) 

P.  B.  OROSBY  &  SON,  Catonsville,  Md. 


BERRY  TICKETS  i’."" 

growers  and  others.  No  cheating  by.  pickers  If 
you  use  my  tickets.  Send  for  free  samples. 
T.  M.  JONES,  Goreville,  Ill. 

ISBELL'S  SEEDS 

For  only  10c  we  send  five 
packetsFlowerSeeds  or  five 
packets  Vegetable  Seeds 
and  then  return  the  money 
in  the  form  of  a  Due  Bill 
good  for  10c  to  apply  on 
any  order  amounting 
to  50c  or  more. 

We  also  send  free  our 
large  104  page  Seed  A  n- 
n«a/,  quoting fresh,  vita  l 
Michigan-grown  seeds  nt  very 
moderate  prices.  Perfect  satisfac 
tion  or  money  refunded.  Send  to-day. 

S.  M.  ISBELL  &  Co.,  Seedsmen 

Box40l  JACKSON,  MICH. 


Tested  Seed  Corn  Golden  Dent  Gourd 

Seed’’  variety.  Have  reports  from  1910  crop  rang¬ 
ing  from  99U  to  116  bushels  per  acre.  Have  bred 
this  corn  for  the  past  thirty  years.  KDWA11D 
WALTER,  Eureka  Stock  Farm,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


FARM 

SEEDS 


Headquarters  for 
Alfalfa,  Clover, 
Hay  and  Pasture 
Mixtures,  Beans, 
Cabbage,  Corn, 
Oats,  Onions, 
Potatoes  and  all 
farm  seeds  in  large  or  small  quantities  at 
lowest  market  prices  for  absolutely  highest 
quality.  Tell  us  today  what  you  need. 


VIPTPC  Garden  and  Floral 
V I  vii  3  Guide  for  1911 


Ready  now.  As  always,  tlio  authority  on 
what,  how,  when  and  where  to  plant.  Your 
copy  of  the  Guide  is  waiting  for  you.  Write 
for  it  to-day.  Sent,  free. 

JAMES  VICK’S  SONS,  430  Main  St.,  Rochester, N.V. 


The  Value  Your  Manure 

Can  be  doubled  by  using  ROCK  PHOSPHATE  In 
connection  with  It.  Manure  alone  will  not  Bupply 
enough  phosphorus  to  your  soil. 

BASIS  SLAO  carries  15  to  21  percent  readily  avail¬ 
able  phosphorous  and  85  percent  lime;  tine  for 
acid  soils.  Write  for  delivered  prices  on  oar  lots. 

WINO  SEED  CO.,  Box  623.  Meclianlcsburg,  O. 


'THiC  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


CHEAP  PLAN  FOR  STARTING  TREES. 

On  page  157  O.  T.,  Congress  Heights, 
D.  C.,  asks  for  a  cheap  plan  for  starting 
trees.  From  25  years  or  more  of  prac¬ 
tical  and  successful  experience  I  would 
do  exactly  as  O.  T.  suggests.  I  would, 
after  all  wood  is  removed  and  brush  and 
trash  ‘carefully  burned,  plant  apple  trees 
40  feet  apart  in  rows  each  way,  then  fill 
in  between  apple  trees  with  peach  trees 
every  20  feet  each  way,  skipping  stumps, 
but  the  land  must  be  kept  clean  from 
briers,  weeds,  grass  and  stump  shoots. 
I  would  not  mulch,  but  keep  soil  loose 
around  trees  with  grub  hoe  for  a  few 
years,  when  land  can  be  rooted  around 
somewhat  with  plow. 

T.  LEONARD  MEINIKHEIM. 

New  York  City. 

The  accompanying  diagram  is  a  sketch 
which  I  have  worked  out  for  planting  an 
orchard  to  early  and  late  bearing  apples 


*  *  I  *  A  •  I  •  K  •  i 

with  peaches,  x  indicates  late  bearing 
apples;  1  shows  early;  o  the  peaches. 
Hilton,  N.  Y.  t.  w.  b. 


SHALL  WE  MIX  VARIETIES  ? 

From  your  experience,  do  you  think  it 
necessary  to  plant  other  varieties  with 
Baldwins  to  secure  proper  pollenization? 
What  varieties? 

I  have  no  knowledge  of  the  question  of 
pollenization  ;  but  in  planting  on  the  Dun¬ 
kirk  loam  soil  we  put  in  either  three  or 
four  rows  of  Greening  and  the  same  of 
Baldwin,  alternating,  whenever  possible 
placing  the  Baldwin  on  the  lighter  soil  and 
the  Greening  on  the  heavier.  Greening 
blossoms  a  little  ahead  of  Baldwin,  al¬ 
though  some  years  they  come  in  almost  to¬ 
gether.  I  would  not  like  to  plant  fewer 
than  three  rows  of  one  kind. 

Livingston  Co.,  N.  Y.  s.  fraser. 


I  am  not  quite  sure,  but  from  observa¬ 
tion  it  seems  that  there  are  years  that  a 
large  Baldwin  orchard  does  not  pollenlze,  or 
for  some  reason  does  not  set  fruit  even 
when  they  blossom  well,  so  1  believe  it  safer 
to  put  in,  say,  Ilubbardston  or  Greening, 
or  a  few  Swaar,  any  of  which  do  not  blos¬ 
som  quite  when  the  Baldwin  does;  then  if 
the  early  pollen  is  destroyed  the  later 
blossoms  can  catch  the  pollen  from  the 
later  blossom  from  the  other  varieties. 
There  is  no  harm  at  least  in  planting  other 
varieties  every  third  or  fourth  row. 

Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y.  t.  r.  wilson. 


I  do  not  believe  it  needs  any  at  all. 
You  might  plant  Duchess  and  Maiden  Blush 
as  fillers,  as  Baldwins  ought  to  be  45  feet 
apart.  luther  coi.ua mer. 

Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y. 

I  do  not  think  it  makes  any  difference 
in  regard  to  setting  other  kinds  of  apples 
with  Baldwins  or  other  kinds  for  pollon- 
ization.  w.  r.  teats. 

Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y. 


As  to  the  necessity  of  planting  other 
varieties  of  apples  with  Baldwins  for  pol¬ 
lenization,  I  have  a  Baldwin  apple  orchard 
of  20G  trees  that  is  quite  a  distance  from 
any  other  apple  orchards,  it  has  had  a 
crop  for  the  lust  six  years.  From  experi¬ 
ence  and  observation  I  do  not  think  that  in 
New  York  State  it  is  necessary  to  plant 
other  kinds  of  apples  with  Baldwins  for 
pollenization.  The  record  of  this  orchard 
follows.  Number  of  trees,  20G.  Variety, 
Baldwins. 


1000. 

1907. 

1008. 

1009. 

1010. 


No. 

Bushels. 
. . .  5,208 

...  2,100 

...  4,818 

. . .  1,420 
. . .  3,575 


Gross 

Receipts. 

$2,142.79 

2,227.50 

3,283.00 

748.00 

3,040.20 


$12,203.75 

Dishorned  this  orchard  tlio  Spring  of 

1907. 

C.  HERBERT  M’CLEW. 

Niagara  Co.,  N.  Y. 


Transplanting  Yearling  Strawberries. 


Berry 

Baskets 

A  R  R  O  W  amm, 

BRAND 

Berry  Baskets  all  sizes 
Peach  Baskets  all  sizes 

Best  quality  goods  Factory  Prices 

Berry,  Peach  and 
Grape  Crates,  etc. 

Write  for  Illustrated  Catalogue 


COLES  6  COMPANY 

toil  and  11 1  Warren  St. 


Established  1884  Hew  York 


1,000,000 

STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 

of  the  Heritage  variety.  Finest  all-round 
Strawberry  grown.  Fruit  very  largo,  well 
shaped,  beautiful  dark  crimson  color,  plants 
deep  rooted  and  hardy,  rapid  growers  and 
great  runners.  Fruit  ripens  mid-season  to 
late.  Fine  flavor,  attractive,  popular,  a  money 
maker.  Plant  a  big  bed  this  spring. 

Also  Wm.  Belt,  Success,  Glen  Mary,  Early 
Superior,  Champion,  etc.  ,  . 

Largo  stock  Asparagus  Roots,  six  varieties, 
one  and  two  years,  no  rust.  Special  prices  on 
quantities.  Cultural  directions  free. 

Choice  stock  California  Privet,  the  greatest 
hedge  plant  known ;  quick  grower,  attractive, 
almost  evergreen. 

Breeder  and  shipper  of  the  famous  Jersey 
Red  Pigs  and  Hogs.  They  will  make  you 
more  money  Ilian  any  other  breed.  Small 
boned,  quick  growers.  FREE  CATALOG. 

ARTHUR  .1.  COLLINS,  Itox  It,  Moorestown,  N. 


o 


J. 


“STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  THAT  GROW” 

All  Standard  Varieties.  Also  RASPBERRY,  BLACKBERRY,  CURRANT  and  GRAPE  Plants 
and  ASPARAGUS  Roots  in  ASSORTMENT.  WARRANTED  TRUE-TO-NAME,  and  of 
GRADE  represented.  Catalog  with  Cultural  instructions  FREE. 

C.  E.  WHITTEN,  BOX  11  BTIIBGMAN,  MICHIGAN 


STRAW  BEK  RY  Plante.  Send  for  free  catalog.  Large 
stock  Miller,  best  red  raspberry,  only  $8  per  1000.  Also, 
eggs  for  hatching.  Pure  W.  Wy.  and  It.  P.  K.,  26  eggs 
for  $1.26.  Blaymakkh  &  Sox,  Wyoming,  Del. 

Our  free  book  quotes 
lowest  prices,  honestly 
describes  (10  varieties, 
explains  C.  O.  D.  plan, 
tells  how  to  plant  and  grow  strawberries,  rasp¬ 
berries,  blackberries,  grapes,  etc.. 

A.  G.  BLOUNT,  Dopt.  A,  Hastings,  N.  Y. 


Argenteuil  Asparagus  Roots~fdtrS  imp® 

seed.  $4.00  per  1,000,  f.  o.  b.  packed. 

E.  LAURENS  BEEKMAN,  Middletown,  N.  J. 


Perfection  Red  Raspberry' 

hardiness;  most  prolific..  Wilder  0 
8end  for  circular.  VALLEY 
FARM,  Marlborough,  N.  Y. 


— The  best  ever. 
Ironclad  in 
lurrant  Bushes. 
VIEW  FRUIT 


Strawberries 

Whether  it  is  your  purpose  to  grow 
only  enough  for  your  own  family  or 
to  supply  your  home  or  city  market, 
it  will  pay  you  to  write  us  about 
plants.  We  have  all  the  good  varie¬ 
ties.  Millionsof  them.  All  vigorous 
healthy  plants.  Write  for  catalog 
today.  Ten  Valuable  Barms  for 
Sale— Write  for  Particulars. 

HARRISON’S  NURSERIES, Boxl5, Berlin, Md. 


5,000  QUARTS  OF 

STRAWBERRIES 

in  September  and  October 
from  <>no  acre  l>y  planting 
Levitt's  New  Fall-Bearing 
Plants.  This  I  guarantee  or 
I  will  return  your  money 
paid  for  plants.  Send  for  my 
catalogue.  Over  five  new 
fall-bearing  varieties. 

T.  C.  KEVITT,  ATHENIA,  N.  J. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS. 

Seven  of  the  very  best  varieties  out  of  a  hundred: 
tiioy  have  stood  the  test,  we  have  them  pure  and 
our  prices  are  right. 

Also,  have  a  few  more  of  our  selected  New  Stone 
Tomato  Seed  at  $1.00  per  lb.,  as  long  as  they  last. 

Don’t  forgot  to  get  our  1911  Catalogue  of  all  kinds 
of  vegetable  plants  in  their  season.  Wo  have  a 
fine  lot  of  Asparagus  Roots  to  offer  this  spring — 
tlio  finest  we  nave  ever  had. 

ROMANCE  SEED.  PLANT  AND  TRUCK  FARM, 

Caleb  Boobs  &  Son,  Cheswold,  Delaware. 


Plants 


Will  Yield  S500  to  $800  per  Acre 

n^HE  Kellogg  1911  strawberry  book  is  the  most 
complete  treatise  on  strawberry  growing  ever 
written.  It  tells  the  farmer  how  to  grow  big 
crops  of  big,  red  strawberries  and  how  to  sell 
them  atbigprices.  No  matterwheroyouliveor 
what  kind  of  soil  you  have,  this  book  will  tell  you 
bow  to  prepare  your  soil,  what  varieties  to  set, 
and  how  to  manage  tiie  plants  to  insure  best 
results.  One  acre  of  Kellogg  Thoroughbred 
plants  grown  the  Kellogg  way  will  yield  8500  to 
#800.  Get  this  beautifully  illustrated  64-page 
book  and  learn  how  easy  It  Is  to  grow  straw¬ 
berries  for  market  or  home  use.  It’s  free. 

B.M.  KELLOGG  COMPANY,  Box  480  Three  Rivers,  Mich. 


fBERRY  &  RASP 


X  I  R  Plants.  Best  varieties  I 

— —  ■  ■  ■*  ■  ■  *  Prices  always  right.  • 

SEED  Corn,  Potatoes  and  all  other  seeds.  Catalogue  FREE 

FORD  HEED  COMPANY,  llrpt.24,  Kuvennu,  Ohio 


BERRY 


ST.  REGIS 


EVERBEARING 

RASPBERRY 

v*  KeurM  tlic  flr«t  season  ! 

The  most  productive  rasp¬ 
berry — planted  in  April,  bears 
continuously  from  Juno  to 
October  of  same  year.  The 
first  to  ripen  and  the  last.  Ber¬ 
ries  large,  of  bright  red  color 
and  excellent  quality  —  ship 
200  miles  in  first-class  order. 
Absolutely  hardy  a  sun-proof. 

Our  new  catalog  Free — tolls 
how  to  choose  and  grow  small 
fruits  “that  produce  profits.  “ 
J.  T.  LOVETT#  1 
Box  162  Little  Silver,  N.  J. 


I  would  like  to  know  the  result  of  the 
nope  Farm  man’s  plan  with  strawberries. 
The  following  was  published  in  The  R. 
N.-Y.  about  three  years  ago :  “We  are 
trying  a  new  plan  this  year.  As  the  old 
beds  are  cleaned  out  after  mowing  them 
over  we  intend  to  dig  yearling  roots  and 
transplant  them  in  rows  two  feet  apart, 
and  one  foot  in  the  row.  The  runners  will 
be  cut  off  and  the  plants  forced  for  heavy 
growth.  Mr.  Kevitt  tells  me  this  plan 
ought  to  work  and  give  us  a  good  crop  next 
year — better  than  if  potted  or  layer  plants 
were  used.  1  do  not  recommend  the  plan. 
We  are  just  trying  it  and  taking  the  risk.” 

G.  w.  j. 

The  season  was  quite  favorable  that  year 
and  these  plants  made  a  good  growth.  The 
following  year  they  produced  a  fair  crop — 
not  as  large  as  from  layer  plants  started 
in  the  Spring,  but  larger  than  from  potted 
lants.  in  a  dry  season  where  the  soil  is 
ried  out  after  fruiting  it  is  hard  to  make 
these  large  plants  live. 


Qtnu/horrv  Plante  of  the  Best  Varletl0B- 

OllunUGl  I  V  lldlllo  Descriptive  Catalogue 
Free.  BASIL  FERRY,  D.  18,  Cool  Spring,  Del. 


Strawberry  Plants-J^rSTU™ 

at  $1.00  uer  1,000  and  up.  Catalogue  free. 

ALLEN  BROS..  l’AW  FAW,  Midi. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS— New  and  old  varieties.  Send 
for  now  Illus.  Catalogue  for  1911.  Prices  from 
$1.50  per  1,000  up.  DAVID  RODWAY,  Hartly,  Del. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  41  money  making  varieties, 
Seed  Corn,  Asparagus  roots.  Write  today  for  free 
Bargain  plant,  seed  and  poultry  Catalog,  it  tells 
you  wlmt  to  plant  for  Success,  31  years  in  Business. 

J.  W.  HALL.  Marion  Station,  Md. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  for  Business.  Fancy 
Berries.  That’s  what  talks.  Leading  varieties. 
Catalogue  free.  1).  M.  TEETER,  Belleville,  Ohio. 


Strawberry  Plants 

plants.  Low  prices.  H.  H.  HENNING,  Clyde.  N.l\ 


WHOLESALE  PRICES 


On  Strawberry,  Raspberry,  Blackberry.  Gooseberry, 
Currant,  Asparagus  and  Grape  Plants,  Heavy  Rooted, 
High  Grade  Stock.  I9lh  Annual  Catalogue  Free. 

A.  R.  WESTON  A  CO„  R.  8  Bridgman,  Miclfc 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  only  $1 .50  &  $1 .75  per  1000.  Illus. 
Catalogue  Free.  S.  A.  VIRDIN,  Hartly,  Del. 


Drop  a  card  for 

P’ljAlXrSBUIlGrlX’S 

STRAWBERRY  CATALOG 

for  1911.  Reliable,  interesting  and  instruc¬ 
tive.  HIGHLAND,  ST.  LOUIS,  GOLDEN  GATE 
and  all  the  best  varieties.  Address 

C.  N.  FLANS  BURG  H  &  SON 

JACKSON,  MICH. 


1911. 


THE  HU  RAL  NEW-YORKER 


26© 


A  TRUE  ‘‘BACK  TO  THE  LANDER.” 

To  begin  with  I  will  explain  the 
meaning  of  the  word  zve.  We  in  our 
case  means  my  wife  and  I,  no  venture 
is  ever  undertaken  without  being  first 
thoroughly  discussed  by  both.  Ours  is 
truly  a  struggle  for  the  farm,  and  began 
7j4  years  ago  when  we  were  first  mar¬ 
ried.  Through  sickness  and  misfortune 
we  found  we  could  not  save  very  much 
money  in  the  city.  I  drove  a  milk  wa¬ 
gon,  and  it  was  rise  at  2.30  a.  m.  365 
days  in  the  year,  with  never  a  day  off. 
The  real  struggle  started  in  September, 

1909,  when  we  decided  if  we  were  to 
get  a  farm  we  must  get  into  the  country 
and  work  for  it.  In  the  Summer  of 
1909  we  visited  near  this  section  two  or 
three  times,  and  decided  this  was  where 
we  must  have  our  farm,  near  Atlantic 
City  market.  Through  a  friend  we 
heard  of  10  acres  of  woodland  at  $15  per 
acre,  and  through  him  we  bought  it, 
paying  $75  cash  and  taking  a  mortgage 
for  the  remaining  $75.  We  then  planned 
our  house  while  still  in  the  city,  Phila¬ 
delphia,  figured  our  needs  and  sent  $84 
to  a  lumber  concern  for  our  lumber, 
millwork  and  pump.  We  then  packed 
and  shipped  our  furniture  on  March  22, 

1910,  and  boarded  the  train  for  McKee 
City,  where  we  are  located.  We  were 
entire  strangers  here,  never  having  met 
the  man  from  whom  we  bought  the  land, 
whose  farm  we  adjoin.  With  only  $35 
in  our  pockets,  all  the  cash  we  had  for 
nearly  seven  years  hard  work,  but  with 
hope,  joy  and  determination  in  our 
hearts,  for  we  had  left  the  noise  and 
bustle  of  a  large  city  behind  us,  and 
were  in  the  country  at  last.  We  hunted 
up  board  near  our  land.  The  next 
morning,  March  23,  I  went  into  the 
woods,  ax  in  hand,  and  cleared  the 
brush  from  where  the  house  now  stands, 
and  started  cutting  the  trees  with  which 
I  built  it.  In  three  weeks  and  three 
days  we  moved  into  it.  It  was  wains- 
coated  inside  with  matched  pine  and 
had  two  large  comfortable  rooms,  one 
as  a  kitchen  and  dining  room,  the  other 
as  a  parlor  and  bedroom.  I  then  went 
to  work  at  a  sawmill  four  miles  from 
here  at  $1.50  a  day.  As  soon  as  we 
could  get  on  our  feet  we  bought  four 
pigs  at  $9  a  pair,  a  hen  and  setting  of 
eggs  for  $1,  from  which  we  raised  nine 
chickens,  and  from  a  later  setting  under 
the  same  hen  in  October  we  got  eight. 
About  this  time  we  sold  a  house  we  were 
buying  in  the  city,  which  brought  us 
$300  cash.  With  this  money  we  bought 
a  horse,  wagon  and  the  farm  implements 
necessary,  a  100-egg  incubator  and  two 
hovers.  We  also  bought  our  Winter 
groceries,  which  used  up  all  the  money. 
During  a  severe  storm  we  had  just  be¬ 
fore  Christmas,  I  could  not  get  to  work 
for  two  weeks;  we  had  to  sell  one  of  our 
young  pigs  to  feed  the  rest ;  this  brought 
$8.16.  Our  chickens  started  laying  on 
Christmas  Day,  and  arc  now  laying  nice¬ 
ly.  Between  lime  I  have  grubbed  a 
piece  of  land  which  we  have  planted  to 
strawberries,  and  built  a  woodshed, 
which  we  were  compelled  to  turn  into  a 
stable  for  the  horse.  I  am  now  building 
a  brooder  house,  and  still  working  at 
the  sawmill,  but  expect  to  stop  April  1 
and  farm  a  rented  piece  of  land.  So 
much  for  the  past  up  to  the  present — 
now  for  the  future. 

We  shall  make  poultry  and  pigs  our 
two  money  crops.  I  expect  to  grub  one 
acre  of  land,  and  let  the  pigs  and  chick¬ 
ens  pay  for  grubbing  the  remainder.  As 
fast  as  the  land  is  cleared  we  will  use 
from  one  to  ll/>  tons  of  lime  to  the 
acre.  One  acre  will  be  used  for  the 
home  garden ;  in  this  we  shall  grow 
everything  for  our  own  use,  including 
fruit  trees.  Another  acre  will  be  divided 
in  two  sections;  one-half  of  each  sec¬ 
tion  will  be  planted  to  Alfalfa  and  the 
other  half  to  rape,  and  be  used  for  pas¬ 
ture  for  pigs.  This  will  allow  one  sec¬ 
tion  to  be  growing  while  the  pigs  are 
pasturing  on  the  other.  We  expect  to 
keep  15  brood  sows*  and  sell  the  Spring 
pigs  at  six  weeks  old,  and  the  Fall  pigs 
will  be  sold  as  roasting  pigs  or  as  light 
pork  in  the  Winter.  One  and  a  half 
acres  will  be  fenced  for  a  poultry  yard; 
this  will  not  be  grubbed,  thus  allowing 
the  chickens  to  roam  in  the  brush.  The 
remaining  6l/2  acres  will  be  used  to 
grow  roots,  such  as  potatoes,  beets  and 
carrots  for  Winter  feed  for  the  stock. 
We  expect  to  keep  a  cow,  and  wherever 
opportunity  affords  Alfalfa  will  be 
planted  for  the  hay  for  horse  and  cow. 
Our  land  is  high,  a  light,  sandy  loam, 
naturally  well  drained,  but  somewhat 
deficient  in  humus,  owing  to  the  frequent 
forest  fires.  Our  buildings  now  are 
temporary  and  of  frame,  but  as  perma¬ 
nent  buildings  go  up  they  will  be  built 
of  concrete.  Just  how  these  plans  work 
out  you  will  hear  later. 

THOMAS  W.  KESSLER. 

Atlantic  Co.,  N.  J. 


odel  at  New  Price 


Including  Magneto,  3  Oil  Lamps,  Complete 
Set  Tools,  Tire  Repair  Kit,  Horn  and  Tube. 


REVIOUS  to  January  1st 


Old  Price  $900 


this  identical  high-powered 
Runabout  sold  for  $900.  It 
was  the  greatest  seller  Mr.  Maxwell  ever  produced. 
People  realized  its  wonderful  value  and  bought  every  one  we  made.  Its  success 
has  endured  because  it  is  built  right.  During  the  unseasonable  month  of  November, 
1910,  $1,125,000  worth  of  these  machines  were  sold.  Everyone  marveled.  We  did 
ourselves.  Most  of  these  machines  went  to  farmers  in  the  Central  West,  who 
realized  that  a  machine  properly  equipped  was  just  as  serviceable  in  Winter  as  any 
other  time.  On  January  1st  the  industry  and  buying  public  marveled  again  when 
the  Maxwell  prices  were  reduced.  In  the  height  of  our  success  prices  were  lowered. 
Why?  Because  when  the  Maxwell  joined  the  United  States  Motor  Company,  we 
promised  to  give  to  the  public  the  economies  effected  by  this  affiliation.  It  was 
able  to  do  so  January  1st,  and  did,  although  95%  of  its  cars  were  then  sold  to  dealers. 


l(ou  can  afford  this  Car 

High-grade,  first-class  in  every  partic¬ 
ular,  it  is  not  only  low-priced,  but  most 
economical  to  maintain.  This  is  the  car 
that  demonstrated  in  public  test  last  Oc¬ 
tober,  that  it  can  be  operated  cheaper 
than  a  horse  and  buggy. 

As  a  money  maker  and 
time  saver  it  cannot  be 
beat.  Speedy,  with  more 
power  than  you  ordinari¬ 
ly  use,  it  is  an  ideal  Road¬ 
ster  for  two.  When  you 
need  room  for  four  people,  you  can  ad¬ 
just  a  surrey  seat  in  a  jiffy.  For  haul¬ 
ing,  errands,  etc.,  receptacles  can  be  put 
on  and  taken  off  in  a  minute.  Every¬ 
thing  conveniently  located,  comfort¬ 
able,  first-class  and  absolutely  reliable. 


What:  it  means  to  you 

Every  farmer  really  and  honestly  needs 
an  automobile.  He  needs  it  in  his  busi¬ 
ness,  his  family  needs  it  for  pleasure, 
health  and  recreation.  It  is  the  car  you 
have  waited  for  at  a  price  you  can  afford. 

It’s  right  in  construction, 
power,  appearance;  it’s 
simple  to  operate  andeasy 
to  care  for.  It ’sever  ready 
in  all  kinds  of  weather, 
never  tired,  cannot  be 
overworked  and  gives 
very  little  trouble.  It  costs  nothing  when 
not  in  use,  doesn’t  die  of  overwork.  No 
feeding  or  grooming — just  a  crank  and 
you  are  off.  Your  increased  earnings  will 
pay  for  the  car  in  3  months.  You’ll  have 
dividends  in  health,  recreation  besides. 


Don’t  Fail  to  Investigate  this  Car 

If  you  consider  buying  a  car,  this  one  deserves  your  closest  attention. 
Don’t  part  with  your  money  before  you  know  its  wonderful  value.  At 
$900  it  was  the  greatest  seller  ever  produced.  At  $750  it  is  in  a  class 
by  itself;  it  has  no  equal.  After  May  1st  not  one  of  these  cars  will 
be  left.  Better  inform  yourself  now,  and  get  in  a  reservation  order. 


C  We  want  to  supply  you  with  infor- 

X  IICijC  JL/UUIViJ  JL  A  CC  mation  on  automobiles  in  general 

that  will  aid  you  in  making  your 
motor  car  investment.  We  have  prepared  booklets  that  tell  the  story  from 
start  to  finish.  Our  “Farm  Booklet,”  “Ilow  to  Judge  an  Automobile”  and 
latest  catalogue  are  three  books  worth  reading.  They  surely  will  save 
you  money— cost  nothing  and  involve  no  obligation.  Send  us  a  postal. 
Just  say,  “ Mail  fcooks.” 


Sale  of  Maxwells  to  Date 


Sold  to  Feb.  1.  1911  -  41,273 
Sold  During  Feb.,  1911  .1,392 
Maxwells  in  use  today  42,665 


Watch  the  Figures  Grow 


MAXWELL-BRISCOE  MOTOR  COMPANY 

(Division  of  the  United  States  Motor  Company) 

Art  Street  Tarrytown,  N.  Y. 

Factories;  Tarrytown,  N.  Y.  Newcastle,  Ind.  Providence,  R. I. 

Member  A.  L.  A.  M. 


Maxwell  Farmers 


Save  Money  on 
Berry  Boxes  and 
Baskets 

Fruit  aud  Vege¬ 
table  Packagua 
and  Growers’  Supplies  of  all  kinds. 

Write  for  free  inoney-imving  catalogue 
and  prlce-liMt. 

Largest  F actory’of  Its  Kind  in  the  Couni 

NEW  ALBANY  BOX  AND  BASKET  CO.. Box  1 1 1 .  New  Albany. lad. 


CIRCULAR  45 

PROLONGING  the  LIFE  of  FENCE  POSTS 

Now  ready  for  i'reo  distribution. 

Full  and  complete  data  on  brush  and  tank  treat¬ 
ment  of  fence  or  vineyard'  posts  to  prevent  their 
decay  by  use  of  Avenarius  Carbolineum,  the  wood 
preserver  in  constant  use  since  1875.  vVrito 

CARHOLINEUM  WOOD  PRESERVING  CO. 
181  Franklin  Street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


HUSSEY  PLOW  CO.  N. BERWICK  ME. 


Always  Handy  on  the  Farm 


lluy  the  Head  and  Holts  and  make  the  Drag 
yourself.  Write  for  full  information.  Wo 
also  sell  Drag  comploto. 

HUSSEY  PLOW  CO.,  Dept.  R,  North  Berwick,  Maine 


270 


THE  RURAL  NEW- VORKER 


March  4,-. 


Bisulphide  of  Carbon  for  Grain. 

You  once  told  of  a  substance  which, 
when  left  in  pans,  on  top  of  a  bin  of 
grain,  kept  away  or  killed  any  insect  that 
might  attack  it.  Will  you  tell  its  name 
once  more?  e.  w.  k. 

New  York. 

It  is  bisulphide  of  carbon,  a  liquid 
which  evaporates  when  exposed  to  the  air. 
The  fumes  from  it  are  heavier  than  air, 
so  when  put  in  a  dish  at  the  top  of  a 
grain  bin  and  covered,  these  fumes  sink 
down  through  the  grain.  They  will  kill 
all  breathing  insects.  Put  the  grain  in  an 
air-tight  bin  or  room.  Place  the  bisul¬ 
phide  in  a  dish  at  the  top  and  cover  it 
all  over.  That  is  all.  Be  sure  not  to 
breathe  the  fumes,  or  bring  a  flame  near  it. 


SOME  BIG  CARROTS. 

The  carrots  shown  below  were 
grown  by  F.  E.  Decker,  of  New  Jersey. 
The  variety  is  Burpee’s  Long  Belgian. 
One  is  30  inches  long  and  four  others 
25  inches.  Mr.  Decker  tells  the  follow¬ 
ing  story  about  them : 

“The  story  of  how  the  carrots  were 
grown  is  a  short  one.  They  were  planted 
about  the  usual  time  for  planting  car¬ 
rots.  The  soil  is  a  deep  sandy  loam.  I 
plowed  seven  furrows,  and  then  put  in 
hen  manure  mixed  with  the  same  soil 
they  were  planted  in.  I  then  covered  it 


chards  or  other  plantations,  do  not  prune 
more  than  necessary,  so  as  to  distribute 
any  injury  that  may  be  caused.  On  large 
trees  no  appreciable  injury  will  be  noted, 
but  there  may  be  a  serious  cutting  of  the 
crops  borne  on  small  shoots  and  branches. 
There  is  no  way  of  poisoning  the  insects, 
for  they  do  practically  no  feeding,  and  it 
is  not  in  the  least  dangerous  to  handle 
them.  All  insectivorous  birds  feed  freely 
on  these  cicadas  and  so  does  the  ordinary 
farm  poultry  of  all  kinds.  Sparrows  take 
a  malicious  delight  in  tearing  them  to 
pieces,  and  little  damage  need  be  expected 
where  these  birds  occur  in  large  numbers. 

In  addition  to  the  above  Prof.  J.  B. 
Smith  writes : 

“I  want  especially  to  call  attention  to 
the  last  sentence  in  the  next  to  the  last 
paragraph,  concerning  sparrows.  There  is 
a  large  section  of  this  State  where  these 
birds  dominate,  where  no  injury  need  be 
expected  from  the  cicadas ;  but  almost 
everywhere  in  the  State,  in  the  woodland 
and  in  the  scrubland  where  these  birds 
do  not  occur,  a  certain  amount  of  pruning 
can  be  expected.  I  would  not  advise  any¬ 
body  to  set  out  a  young  orchard  next 
Spring  near  a  piece  of  woodland  or  where 
woodland  has  been  within  17  years.  If  for 
any  reason  the  orchard  must  he  set  out, 
do  not  cut  back.  Leave  everything  on  un¬ 
til  after  the  insects  have  come  and  gone. 
In  the  same  way  I  would  not  prune  young 
trees  too  liberally  early  in  the  season. 
Wait  until  the  last  week  in  June  and 
then  cut  off  what  is  not  needed.  Serious 
injury  to  any  hut  very  young  trees  need 
not  be  expected.  Material  injury  to  crops 
may  be  expected  in  apple  and  peach  or¬ 
chards  from  the  puncturing  of  bearing 
wood,  in  places  where  the  insects  arc  due 
in  large  numbers.” 


SOME  BIG  CARROTS  FROM  JERSEY. 

with  a  furrow  each  way,  and  leveled  it 
off.  I  then  took  the  handle  of  my  rake 
and  drew  it  over  each  row,  sowed  the 
seed  and  covered  it  with  the  rake.  When 
they  were  large  enough  I  thinned  them 
out.  I  went  through  them  a  few  times 
during  the  Summer  with  the  cultivator, 
and  that  is  all  the  attention  they  got,  as 
I  had  to  spend  most  of  my  time  in  my 
tomatoes  and  peppers.  I  consider  the 
carrot  an  easy  crop  to  raise,  aild  a 
profitable  one  if  properly  cared  for.” 

F.  E.  DECKER. 


THE  17-YEAR  OLD  LOCUSTS. 

There  is  to  be  a  brood  of  this  insect  in 
New  Jersey  this  year.  From  a  circular 
issued  by  the  New  Jersey  Experiment  Sta¬ 
tion  we  take  the  following  information  : 

According  to  the  records  gathered  in 
1894,  the  brood  covers  practically  all  of 
Bergen  County,  scattered  areas  in  Passaic 
County,  small  areas  near  Iluntsburg  and 
Papakating  in  Sussex  County,  practically 
all  of  Morris,  Union,  Essex  and  Hudson 
counties,  a  few  areas  in  Mercer  County, 
irregular  areas  all  over  Middlesex  County, 
scattering  points  in  the  eastern  part  of 
Monmouth  County,  small  patches  in  Ocean 
and  Burlington  counties,  Pensaukeu  and 
vicinity  in  Camden  County,  scattering  sec¬ 
tions  at  the  southwestern  part  of  Glouces¬ 
ter  and  Salem  counties,  irregular  areas 
throughout  Atlantic  and  Cumberland 
counties,  and  all  the  wooded  sections  on 
the  Cape  May  Peninsula.  There  is,  there¬ 
fore,  no  county  entirely  free  from  the 
insects;  but  they  do  not  approach  the 
Delaware  River  closely  except  in  Camden 
County,  and,  in  a  general  way,  may  be 
said  to  be  most  abundant  in  the  eastern 
half  of  the  State.  The  insects  will  appear 
during  the  last  days  of  May,  1911,  and 
will  continue  throughout  June;  disappear¬ 
ing  by  the  end  of  the  month.  The  injury 
is  done  by  the  females  in  laying  the  eggs 
in  twigs  and  small  branches,  making  slits 
that  do  not  heal.  These  result  in  the  ulti¬ 
mate  death  beyond  the  point  of  injury  of 
every  punctured  branch  less  than  one-half 
an  inch  in  diameter,  and,  where  there  are 
many  punctures  on  the  trunks  of  small 
trees  or  on  branches  up  to  three-quarter 
inch,  these  are  apt  to  be  seriously  injured 
or  killed. 

Farmers,  fruit-growers  and  others  who 
contemplate  setting  out  trees  or  shrubs 
during  the  Fall  of  1910  or  Spring  of 
1911,  in  the  infested  areas,  are  warned 
of  the  danger  of  injury  from  these  cicadas. 
If  trees  or  shrubs  must  be  set,  put  out 
either  very  small  trees  and  cut  back  se¬ 
verely,  so  as  not  to  offer  attractions  to  the 
Insects,  or  set  large  trees  with  many 
branches  and  cut  back  no  more  than  abso¬ 
lutely  necessary  until  after  July  1,  so  as 
to  offer  the  insects  a  chance  to  oviposit  in 
wood  that  can  be  spared.  Burn  all  the  cut 
infested  wood.'  In  established,  young  or¬ 


IVrzte 

to-day. 


MOT  SINGER 

GUARANTEED  AUTO-SPARKER 


(Belter  than  an  everlasting  battery. 
Will  generate  current  for  ignition 
ami  electric  lights,  charging  stor¬ 
age  halteiics,  etc.  Suitable  for 
all  types  and  sizes  of  gas  and 
gasoline  engines.  LET  US 
TELL  YOU  now  TO  MAKE 
YOUR  own  .ELECTRICITY, 


MOTSINGER  DEVICE  MFG.  CO 
114  Harold  St.,  LaFayette,  Ind. 


Standard  Among  Drilling  Machines 

The  oldest  established  manufacturers,  the  largest 
line  of  drilling  machines  and  tools,  and  41  years 
of  successful  operation  in  nearly  every  country 
jn  the  world,  make 

American  Drilling  Machines 

Standard  the  world  over. 

For  every  possible  condition  of  earth 
and  rock  drilling  and  mineral  pros¬ 
pecting  we  make  a  drill  espe- 

Icially  designed  for  the  re¬ 
quirement. 

Catalog  No,  105,  the  most 
complete  ‘‘drill  hole”  catalog 
ever  issued,  Free. 

The  American  Well  Works 

General  Office  and  Works, 

Aurora,  Ill. 

Chicago  Office:  First  Na¬ 
tional  Bank  Bldg. 


AMERICAN 

Steel  Fence  Post 


Cheaper  Than  Wood 

and  More  Durable 

Many  years  of  experimenting 
with  metal  fence  posts  have 
developed  this  post.  It  is 
now  thoroughly  practical,  fill¬ 
ing  every  requirement  on  the 
farm,  in  the  town,  for  rail¬ 
roads  and  wherever  fence  posts 
are  used. 

Made  of  tough  steel,  heavily 
zinc  coated.  Durability 
proven  by  us — ten  years’  ac¬ 
tual  use  showing  good  as  new. 
Means  a  big  reduction  in 
fence  cost  and  maintenance. 

40-page  catalog  sent  free,  fully 
illustrating  and  describing.  Send 
for  it. 


Sold  by  dealers  everywhere.  Ask 
dealer  to  show  samples  and  quote 
prices,  or  write  us  direct. 


American  Steel  6  Wire  Co. 


Chicago : 

115  Adams  Street 
Denver : 

First  Nat.  Bank  Bldg. 


New  York: 

30  Church  Street 

San  Francisco : 
16th  and  Folsom  Sts. 


Do  You  Raise  Corn  for  Profit? 

if  you  do  you  will  be  interested  in  the  following  offer 
that  we  have  made  to  the  New  England  Corn  Exposition 

The  Coe- Mortimer  Company 


OFFERS  A 


GRAND  PRIZE  of$ 500 

FOR  THE 

Most  Profitable  Acre  of  Field  Corn  Raised  in 
New  England  During  the  Season  of  1911 

The  Plan  of  Competition  is  to  he  as  follows: 

I.  THIS  OFFER  IS  TO  BE  OPEN  TO  ANY  AND  EVERY 
FARMER  IN  NEW  ENGLAND  WHO  WISHES  TO  COMPETE. 
NO  FARMER  IS  TO  BE  BARRED  FOR  ANY  REASON. 

II.  Records  showing  cost  of  labor,  cost  of  seed,  fertilizers,  ma¬ 
nures  and  all  costs,  to  be  accurately  kept  under  arrangements  pre¬ 
scribed  by  the  New  England  Corn  Exposition,  such  arrangements  to 
be  reviewed  and  subject  to  approval  by  the  following  Experiment 
Station  Directors  before  being  adopted: 

Director  H.  J.  Wheeler,  Rhode  Island  Experiment  Station. 

Director  Wm.  P.  Brooks,  Massachusetts  Experiment  Station. 

Director  E.  H.  Jenkins,  Connecticut  Experiment  Station. 

Director  Joseph  B.  Hills,  Vermont  Experiment  Station. 

Director  Chas.  B.  Woods,  Maine  Experiment  Station. 

Director  J.  C.  Kendall,  New  Hampshire  Experiment  Station. 

The  New  England  Corn  Exposition  and  the  above  mentioned 
Experiment  Station  Directors  shall  decide  on  what  moisture  basis 
the  corn  shall  be  judged. 

III.  Records  of  competitors  shall  be  subject  to  the  inspection 
and  approval  of  these  same  Experiment  Station  Directors. 

IV.  STABLE  MANURE,  FERTILIZERS  OF  ANY  MAKE, 
FERTILIZER  MATERIALS,  ANY  OF  THEM  OR  ALL  OF 
THEM,  MAY  BE  USED  IN  RAISING  CORN  FOR  THIS  COM¬ 
PETITION. 

V.  Flint  Corn  and  Dent  Corn  to  be  judged  alike  on  the  basis 
of  greatest  net  profit. 

VI.  NO  OFFICIAL  OR  STOCKHOLDER  OF  THE  COE- 
MORTIMER  COMPANY  NOR  OF  ANY  OTHER  FERTILIZER 
COMPANY  SHALL  HAVE  ANYTHING  TO  DO  WITH  PRE¬ 
SCRIBING  THE  ARRANGEMENTS  FOR  KEEPING  THE  COM¬ 
PETITORS’  RECORDS,  OR  WITH  THE  KEEPING  OF  SUCH 
RECORDS,  OR  WITH  AWARDING  THE  PRIZE.  All  this  work 
is  to  be  done  as  described  in  paragraphs  II  and  III. 

VII.  The  final  award  is  to  be  approved  by  the  Directors  of  the 
New  England  Experiment  Stations  mentioned  in  paragraph  II. 

VIII.  Two  samples  of  the  corn  winning  the  prize  are  to  be 
taken  in  a  manner  to  be  prescribed  by  the  New  England  Corn  Expo¬ 
sition,  one  sample  analyzed  at  the  Massachusetts  Experiment  Station 
and  one  sample  analyzed  at  the  Maine  Experiment  Station.  The  food 
value  of  the  prize  crop  shall  he  determined  by  averaging  these  two 
analyses.  The  Coe-Mortimer  Company  shall  hear  the  expense  of 
both  analyses. 

REMEMBER,  THIS  OFFER  IS  OPEN  TO  EVERY  AND  ANY 
FARMER  IN  NEW  ENGLAND  WHO  WISHES  TO  COMPETE, 
AND  YOU  MAY  USE  ANY  MAKE  OF  FERTILIZER  THAT 
YOU  PLEASE,  OR  NO  FERTILIZER  AT  ALL  IF  YOU  SEE  FIT. 

We  honestly  believe  that  your  chances  of  winning  this  prize  will 
be  very  much  better  if  you  use  our  fertilizers  in  raising  your  crop.  We 
especially  recommend  our  E.  FRANK  COE’S  RED  BRAND  EX¬ 
CELSIOR  GUANO,  AND  OUR  PERUVIAN  VEGETABLE 
GROWER.  Analysis  and  description  of  both  of  these  will  be  found 
in  our  handsome  Annual  Memorandum  booklet,  copy  of  which  will  be 
sent  free  on  request. 

Our  opinion  that  the  use  of  our  fertilizers  will  help  you  to  win 
the  above  grand  prize  is  based  on  the  following  remarkable  showing 
made  by  THE  COE-MORTIMER  COMPANY’S  customers  at  the 
New  England  Corn  Exposition  held  at  Worcester,  Mass.,  November 
7th  to  12th,  1910: 

THE  COE-MORTIMER  FIRST  PRIZE,  $50.00  for  the  best  ten 
ears  of  Dent  Corn  was  won  by  E.  S.  Fulton  of  Amherst,  Mass.  The 
same  ten  ears  of  corn  also  won  the  SWEEPSTAKES  PRIZE  for 
White  Dent  Corn  over  the  whole  Exposition. 

THE  COE-MORTIMER  SECOND  PRIZE  for  best  ten  ears  of 
Dent  Corn  was  won  by  Edmund  Mortimer  of  Grafton,  Mass. 

THE  COE-MORTIMER  THIRD  PRIZE  for  best  ten  ears  of 
Dent  Corn  was  won  by  C.  C.  Porter  of  Middleboro,  Mass. 

THE  COE-MORTIMER  FIRST  PRIZE  OF  $50.00  for  best  ten 
ears  of  eight-rowed  Flint  Corn  was  won  by  Messrs.  Elliott  &  H.  Ward 
Moore  of  Worcester,  Mass.,  who  also  won  the  COE-MORTIMER 
FIRST  PRIZE  of  $50.00  for  the  best  ten  ears  of  twelve-rowed  Flint 
Corn.  Messrs.  Moore  also  won  the  following  prizes  at  the  Corn 
Exposition,  all  the  corn  being  raised  with  COE-MORTIMER  FER¬ 
TILIZERS: 

The  ten  ears  of  eight-rowed  Flint  that  won  the  COE-MORTI¬ 
MER  first  prize  also  won  the  second  premium  in  the  Massachusetts 
State  Class,  Premium  No.  51. 

Single  ear  samples,  southern  Zone  Yellow  Dent,  first  premium. 
Single  ear  samples,  southern  Zone  White  Dent,  first  premium.  Twelve- 
rowed  ^lint,  second  premium.  Best  ':en  stalks  SWEET  CORN, 
FIRS'  PRIZE,  AND  ALSO  SWEEPSTAKES. 

>HE  COE-MORTIMER  SECOND  PRIZE  for  eight-rowed  Flint 
Corn  was  won  by  Fred  L.  Chamberlain  of  Worcester,  Mass. 

THE  COE-MORTIMER  THIRD  PRIZE  for  best  ten  ears  of 
eight-rowed  Flint  Corn  was  won  by  Edmund  Mortimer  of  Grafton, 
^[hss. 

THE  COE-MORTIMER  SECOND  PRIZE  for  best  ten  ears  of 
twelve-rowed  Flint  Corn  was  won  by  A.  J.  Guptill  of  Berwick,  Me. 

THE  COE-MORTIMER  THIRD  PRIZE  for  best  ten  ears  of 
twelve-rowed  Flint  Corn  was  won  by  R.  G.  Bigelow  of  Skowhegan, 
Me.,  who  also  won  THE  COE-MORTIMER  FIRST  PRIZE  for  the 
best  bushel  of  corn  at  the  Central  Maine  State  Fair  held  at  Water- 
ville.  Me. 

No  doubt  any  of  these  prize  winners  will  be  glad  to  tell  you  about 

the  QUALITY  OF  THE  COE-MORTIMER  COMPANY  FERTI¬ 
LIZERS,  and  no  doubt  many  of  them  have  excellent  seed  corn  for 
sale. 

THE  COE-MORTIMER  COMPANY 

Sole  Manufacturers  of  E.  FRANK  COE  FERTILIZERS,  the  standard  for  over  fifty 
years,  and  of  PERUVIAN  BRANDS ,  Peruvian  Guano  Base 

24-26  STONE  STREET  NEW  YORK  CITY 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


ii71 


and  Get  Our  Surprising  Offer  On 
Unite  Incubators  and  Brooders 


ANY  of 


our  customers  were  about  to  buy  some  other  makes  of  Incubator  and  Brooder,  but  when  they 
got  our  personal  proposition,  they  switched  to  our  offer  in  a  hurry.  That’s  why  we  ask  you  to  write  > 
us  a  postal  quick  or  send  us  the  coupon  below  and  just  wait  till  you  get  our  proposition.  We  know  J 
them  all  beat  a  mile  on  value,  and  the  minute  you  see  our  price,  and  learn  about  Unito  quality  and  M 


A  Gash  Saving  of  From  $5  to  $7 


All  we  ask  is  a  chance  to  put  the  facts  before 
you  and  prove  our  case.  We’ll  send 
the  machines  before  you  send  us  a 
penny,  if  you  say  so,  because  we  know 
you  won’t  want  to  give  them  up  when 
you  have  made  your  test  and  we  know 
you  will  be  delighted  at  the  bargain  ’ 

we  have  sent. 

Thousands  of  Unito  Incubators  ^“g 

and  Brooders  have  taken  the  place  of  cheap, 
“made-to-sell”  machines  and  now  their  owners  are 
making  big  money.  Don’t  decide  in  a  hurry.  The 
price  of  any  incubator  or  brooder  is  too  much  to  take 
chances  with.  Wait  till  you  get  our  price  and  see  our 
quality.  You  ought  to  have  a  hatch  in  a  Unito  Incu¬ 
bator  right  now. 

Let  us  put  one  to  work  for  you  in  your  home  quick.  Just 
send  your  name  on  the  coupon  or  on  a  postal  if  more  con¬ 
venient  and  we’ll  make  an  oiler  that  you  won  t  hesitate  over. 

See  that  offer  above.  Factory  price— direct  to  you — a 
big  cash  saving — no  money  down — satisfaction  guaranteed. 

Weare  headquarters  for  sixteen  great  factories  making  prac¬ 
tically  all  necessities  for  farm  and  home.  Don’t  buy  a  thing 
listed  here  till  you  get  our  proposition,  because  the  quality 
is  higher  and  the  price  is  lower  than  you  will  find  elsewhere 
in  America. 

This  is  the  biggest  idea  of  direct-from-factory-selling 
ever  put  in  operation,  and  you  want  to  get  the  benefit  right 
from  now  on. 


Send  Coupon  Below  or  Write 
Us  a  Postal  For  This  Big 
Buyers’  Guide — The  Show 
Room  of  Sixteen  Large 
United  Faetories 


against  loss  and  disappointment.  Get  our  book,  whether 
you  buy  of  us  or  not.  Sixteen  big  factories  and  their  re¬ 
markable,  direct,  one-profit  offer?,  all  gathered  together  in 
one  big  Buyers’  Guide— and  the  book  costs  you  nothing. 

Celebrated  Per  Gallon 

Unito  Paint  |  9G  and  Up 

Guaranteed  For  Five  Years 

Why  pay  50c  a  gallon 
more  than  necessary  just 
to  please  your  dealer? 

Why  pay  25  to  50  cents 
more  anywhere  else  and 
even  then  take  chances  on 
quality? 

Our  paint  factory 
stands  at  the  head  of  the 
paint -making  business, 
and  makes  paint  for  ser¬ 
vice, not  on  the  price  basis. 

Our  big  saving  to  you  is 
owing  to  the  way  wo  sell 
It.  Not  a  penny  is  saved 
on  the  quality. 

Our  paint  must  be  right 
to  back  up  that  five  year 
guarantee.  See  letters 
from  customers  and  profit 
by  their  experience. 

Get  the  big  book  from  sixteen  factories  before  you 
spend  another  cent  for  paint  of  any  kind. 


If  you  have  the  least  idea  of  getting  an  Incubator 
or  Brooder,  or  any  Roofing,  or  anyone  of  the  dozens 
of  things  we  manufacture,  it’s  like  throwing  money 
away  to  make  your  purchase  before  you  getthis  book. 
Don’t  think  we’ll  expect  you  toTuy  just  because  you 
send  for  the  catalogue.  We  are  only  too  glad  to  send  this 
book  to  anyone  just  to  spread  the  good  news  about  the 
United  Factories  idea,  and  to  show  the  people  how 
values  have  been  improved,  and  how  prices  have  been 
reduced.  This  book  will  do  you  a  world  of  good, 
whether  we  get  together  on  a  trade  or  not.  But  if 
you  can  save  from  $5  to  $7  on  your  poultry  machines 
or  many  more  dollars  on  roofing  materials  or  paint  or 
gasoline  engines  or  vehicles,  why  you  want  to  know 
it,  and  we  want  you  to  get  the  facts  at  our  expense. 

When  you  get  the  book,  if  you  think  you  have 
come  to  the  right  place  for  the  right  goods,  at  the  right 
price,  just  let  us  know  and  we  will  send  along  what¬ 
ever  you  want  for  you  to  examine,  test  and  use  at  our 
risk.  We  don’t  even  ask  for  your  money  first,  be¬ 
cause  we  believe  in  the  people  and  we  certainly  believe 
in  our  goods.  We  don’t  send  out  anything  that  we 
don’t  guarantee,  and  we  don’t  need  to 
tell  you  that  we  couldn’t  afford  to  guar- 
antee  anyth!nff  tliat  wouldn’t  back  us  up 
FT  --'il  to  the  very  finish. 

We  have  the  reputation  of  sixteen 
KLJi  leading  factories  to  uphold.  You  may 
be  pretty  sure  we  are  not  going  to  risk 
SEWING  th,e  landing  of  these  institutions  for  the 

on  onel 


UNITO 


Unito 

Asphalt 


■====  ===== 
'UVEIANB  Paint  &  VARNISH  ««• 

"E  UNITED  FACTORIES  c0 


Little  Talkson  Bag  Bargains 


One  of  our  Unito  Factories  is  turning  out  high  grade 
prepared  roofing  at  prices  that  stagger  all 
competitors.  Every  roll  is  guaranteed  and 
prices  start  at  $1.00  per  roll.  No  one  else  lias 
value,  real  bargains,  that  even  come  near 
this.  Our  factory  makes  this  roofing  in  all 
styles  and  all  thicknesses,  but  only  in  one 
grade— highest  quality.  Choose  rubber  or  flint- 
coat  surface,  and  one,  two  or  three  or  more 
ply,  and  whatever  you  choose,  be  certain  of 
first  quality,  long  service,  guaranteed  wear. 

We  must  beat  all  others  on  quality  and 
price,  or  we  could  not  send  out  our  goods  to 
be  tested  on  your  place  before  getting  your 
money.  Don’t  invest  a  dollar  on  roofing  that 


Unite  Gas  Engine 

Let  us  send  you  a  Unito 
Engine  on  our  No-Money- 
in-Advance  FREE  trial. 
Use  It  —  prove  it.  Com¬ 
pare  It  with  any  other 
make— then  If  you  don't 
want  to  keep  it,  send 
it  back — we  refund  even 
freight  charges.  Made 
in  ail  styles  and  sizes— 
lowest  prices  — all  guar¬ 
anteed.  Ask  for  FREE 
catalogue. 


MACHINES 

Don’t  pay  deal¬ 
ers’  or  agents’ 
prices  when  we 
guarantee  you 
better  quality 
at  a  big  saving. 
Any  Unito  ma¬ 
chine  on  30 
days’  free  trial. 

Sc®  and  provo  fop 
jouraelf  boforo  you 


Everything  from 
garden  tools  to 
heavy  power  ma¬ 
chinery.  Fully 
guaranteed.  Sent 
on  Free  Trial  to  sell 
themselves  by  their 
dependability  and 
high  quality.  Real 
factory  prices  save 
you  big  money. 
Send  for  big  free 


Wonderful  bargains  in 
Unito  Buggies.  Latest 
styles  to  choose  from— 
each  absolutely  guaran¬ 
teed  and  sent  on  30  davs’ 
trial.  Don't  pay  815  to  825 
extra  to  dealer  for  less 
value.  Order  a 

Unito  Buggy 

on  our  trial  offer  and  prove  for  your¬ 
self  thal  it  is  best.  Writo  today 
for  our  big  froo  cataloguo. 


Extra  quality  fcnco 
— all  Rtyles  and  sizes 
— rockbottom  prices. 
Perfect  poultry, gar¬ 
den  and  stock  fence, 
extra  close  woven  at 
bottom  to  keop  out 
even  littlo  chicks, 
and  wider  and  strong¬ 
er  at  top  tc  turn  hojs 
and  cattle.  Don’t  buy 
fence  till  you  get  our 
Factory  price.  Free 


catalogue. 


catalogue  on  request. 


pay.  Get  cataloguo. 


Not  a  Penny  Wasted  in  Needless  Profits— Not 

a  penny’s  worth  of  quality  sacrificed.  That’s  the  whole 
story  of  the  United  Factories  idea.  It’s  the  foundation 
of  the  plan  that  is  saving  thousands  of  dollars  a  month 
for  farmers  all  over  the  country.  We  cut  down  the  cost  of 
reaching  you  and  sending  you  the  goods  direct  from  fac¬ 
tories  to  the  very  smallest  margin  and  you  never  will  buy 
in  any  other  way,  when  you  know  the  plan  and  see  the 
prices  we  are  enabled  to  quote.  We  do  more  than  sell  direct 
from  factories.  We  make  one  factory  do  the  office  work 
for,  sixteen  factories,  thereby  sharing  the  cost  of  office 
work,  so  we  have  practically  no  expense  to  add  to  the  cost 
of  goods. 

Just  send  a  postal  and  find  out  about  it,  or  use  the  coupon 
here  in  the  corner  for  your  convenience.  The  Big  Book 
with  the  low  prices  and  all  kinds  of  buying  information  is 
waiting  for  you,  and  we  will  send  It  postpaid  by  return 
mail. 

Address  card  or  coupon  to 


.  Buyers’  Guide  Book,  show- 
P  ing  Products  of  your  sixteen 
Factories.  I  am  most  interested 
in  getting- 


crimped  Sheets;  any- 
y°u  need  for 
roofing,  siding,  in  imi- 
tation  board,  pressed 
brick  or  stone,  with  all 

eve-troughs', '  tlplng, 
etc.  Our  quality  must 
stand  your  personal  test,  and  our  price  must  stand  your 
careful  comparison,  before  you  pay  us  a  dollar. 

Why  not  get  our  proposition  anyway  to  protect  you 


(State  what  articles.)  Also  quote  lowest  prices, 


Name 


THE  UNITED  FACTORIES  CCHPANY 

STATION  31-A,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO 


Address 


Quality  Bargains  Direct  To  You 

From  16  United  Factories— Big  Cash  Savings 
No  Money  Down 


Prompt  Shipment 


272 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


March  4, 


Sherwin-Williams 

New  Process 
Arsenate  of  Lead 


gives  satisfaction.  It  not  only  kills 
biting  insects  but  insures  a  strong, 
healthy  growth  of  foliage  as  well. 
If  properly  used,  it  will  do  for  you 
what  it  did  for  Mr.  Marks,  a  well- 
known  Arkansas  fruit  grower.  Read 
what  he  says : 

Sherwin-Williams  Co ■ 

Gentlemen  : 

Replying  to  your  recent  favor,  I  want 
to  say  that  I  am  very  glad  to  testify  to  the 
excellent  character  of  your  Arsenate  of 
Lead.  A  great  majority  of  the  growers 
here  used  it  the  past  season  and  it  has 
given  universal  satisfaction.  The  analysis 
of  the  chemist  at  the  Experiment  Station 
showed  it  to  be  up  to  the  standard  of  such 
goods.  Our  growers  here  will  use  the  same 
brand  next  year.  I  controlled  the  Codling 
Moth  effectually,  and  in  one  orchard  I 
lost  only  2%  of  the  apples  from  this  pest, 
sprayed  once. 

Yours  very  truly, 

Springfield,  Ark.  Lafayette  Marks 


The  Sherwin-Williams  Co. 


635  Canal  Road 
Cleveland, 
Ohio  1020 


Sent  free,  ‘‘Spraying,  a 
Profitable  Investment." 


C  nn  ■  V  Adopted  by  the  N.Y.  State  Fruit  Growers  Ass'n 
OrnAl  IT  WII.T  FAT  YOU  TO  USE  ElTHEIi. 


PASTE  OR  POWDERED 
FOR  ALL  LEAF  EATING  INSECTS 


RESPONSIBLE  DISTRIBUTERS  ahdAGENTS  WANTED 

KEY  BRAND 

RIGHT  PRICE  AND  MATERIAL 

FUNGICIDE  anoINSECTICIDE 
USE 


INTERSTATE  CHEMICAL  CO. 

14  BAYVIEW  AVET. .JERSEY  CITY.  N.J. 

WRITE  FOR  PRICES. CIRCULARS  ETC.  CORRESPONDENCE  SOLICITED. 


(  Y 

“ONE  FOR  ALL,”  No.  I 

DEATH  TO  INSECTS  AND  KING  I 
Wool  Crease,  Arsenate  of  Lead,  Lime-Sulphur 
Combined.  A  Contact  and  Poison  Spray. 

An  Insecticide  and  Fungicide. 

Only  Thing  Needed  lor  all  Pests  or  Fungus. 
WRITE  FOR  BOOKLET. 

Barrels,  426  lbs . 05c.  per  lb. 

Bbls.,  200  lbs . 05)4 

100  lbs . 06  ** 

50  lbs . 0b>4 

25  lbs . 08 

F.  O.JB.  NEW  YORK 

MANHATTAN  OIL  COMPANY 

Established  1852 

51  Front  Street, _ New  York 

SPRAY  FOR  SCALE 

before  your  trees  are  injured. 

Good’s  SS£Sh  Whale  Oil  Soap  No.  3 

quickly  kills  San  Jose  Scale  and  all  other  parasites. 
Contains  nothing  injurious.  Fertilizes  the  soil  and 
quickens  growth.  Used  and  endorsed  by  State  Experi¬ 
mental  Stations  and 

IT.  8.  Department  of  Agriculture 
60  lbs..  $2.60;  100  lbs.,  $4.60;  larger  quantities  proportion¬ 
ately  less.  Send  for  free  “ Manual  of  riant  Diseases.  ’ 
JAMES  GOOD,  Original  Maker,  945  N.  Front  St.,  Philadelphia 

TO  KILL 

San  Jose  Scale 

USE 

Bergenport  Brand  Sublimed 

Flowers  of  Sulnhur 

■  The  best  form  of  sulphur  for  Lime  Sulphur  Wash. 
Combines  easily  and  quickly  with  lime.  Write  to 

BERGENPORT  SULPHUR  WORKS 
T.  &  S.  C.  White  Co.,  100  William  St.,  NY.. 


A  Boy  Fruit  Grower. 

Not  long  ago  we  gave  a  little  story 
of  an  Iowa  boy  who  is  destined  to  be  a 
fruit  grower.  This  boy’s  father  is  to 
plant  an  apple  orchard  and  give  it  good 
care  so  that  when  the  boy  gets  large 
enough  to  look  about  for  a  life  work 
there  will  be  the  orchard  ready  for  him. 


AN  IOWA  BOY  FARMER.  Fig.  89. 

This  boy  will  be  brought  up  with  the 
trees  and  learn  to  watch  and  handle  them 
as  lie  grows.  There  could  hardly  be  a 
finer  legacy  for  the  boy.  He  is  a  for¬ 
tunate  youngster,  and  we  show  his  pic¬ 
ture  at  Fig.  89. 


SPRAYING  IN  IOWA. 

After  several  .years’  experience  in  spray¬ 
ing  1  would  say  the  most  important  things 
are,  first,  a  good  outfit  made  for  the  busi¬ 
ness,  strong  enough  to  do  the  work,  and  not 
so  heavy  but  that  a  team  of  ordinary 
farm  horses  can  pull  your  load  on  hilly 
or  soft  ground.  I  would  prefer  a  gasoline 
outfit,  as  help  is  scarce,  and  it  is  hard 
work  to  keep  up  sufficient  pressure  for  any 
great  length  of  time.  The  pump  should  be 
substantially  made,  powerful  and  with 
valves  which  one  can  remove  and  replace 
easily  with  a  common  wrench.  I  have 
used  my  pump  for  two  seasons  without 
repacking,  and  when  it  needs  adjusting 
or  packing  it  can  he  done  easily  and 
quickly.  Also  the  proper  mixture  for  the 
work  in  hand,  and  be  sure  you  get  the 
proportions  right,  for  measures  of  unknown 
size  and  guess  weights  are  not  accurate 
enough.  Use  good  pressure,  150  pounds  or 
more,  and  keep  moving.  1  see  no  benefit 
in  staying  by  a  tree  until  streams  of  mix¬ 
ture  run  down  trunk  and  limbs,  or  stand 
in  puddles  on  the  ground.  I  have  found 
the  angle  nozzle  to  be  the  most  satisfac¬ 
tory;  use  different  size  openings  as  to  the 
work  in  hand.  Not  many  are  spraying 
here,  and  I  fear  there  will  not  be  until  we 
have  a  general  awakening  along  horticul¬ 
tural  lines.  Farm  work  and  better  agri¬ 
cultural  methods  are  being  agitated  and 
practiced  all  over  the  State  with  good 
results,  hut  our  horticulturists  have  got 
into  a  rut;  not  much  increase  in  member¬ 
ship  in  the  State  society,  and  no  interest 
along  practical  lines. 

I’olk  Co.,  Iowa.  chas.  o.  garrett. 


STICKS  TO  BORDEAUX. 

Many  farmers  fail  to  make  a  success  of 
spraying  because  they  are  too  close-fisted 
to  invest  in  a  good  sprayer  and  necessary 
equipment,  and  are  so  saving  of  the  poison 
that  they  do  not  put  on  enough  to  be 
effective;  also  they  look  after  other  work 
as  well  as  they  can  and  spray  when  they 
get  their  field  crops  cared  for,  and  often 
the  spraying  is  not  done  at  the  proper 
time,  usually  too  late.  In  using  a  hand 
pump  the  power  is  not  great  enough  to 
throw  the  spray  with  force  enough  to  do 
best  work,  and  with  two  men  on  the  pump 
handle  they  can  improve  the  work.  Power 
sprayers  are  best  if  one  can  afford  the 
expense.  Lime-sulphur  is  largely  taking 
the  place  of  Bordeaux  on  many  varieties 
in  many  localities,  hut  with  us  we  are 
sticking  to  Bordeaux  mainly  yet  with  Home 
Beauty,  as  they  do  not  get  so  rusty  from 
its  use  as  Grimes,  Jonathan  and  other 
tender  varieties.  These  tender  varieties  are 
subject  to  bitter  rot  in  warm  climates  and 
lime-sulphur  does  not  prevent  its  spread¬ 
ing  as  does  Bordeaux,  so  it  looks  as  though 
the  best  spray  to  use  on  such  varieties  is 
lime-sulphur  early  in  the  season  and  Bor¬ 
deaux  later,  applying  it  at  the  time  to 
prevent  the  second  brood  of  the  Codling 
moth  from  getting  in  its  destructive  work, 
using  arsenate  of  lead  with  both  mixtures, 
at  the  rate  of  two  pounds  to  50  gallons. 
The  lime-sulphur  can  be  made  at  home  for 
about  half  what  the  commercial  brands 
can  be  bought  for,  and  save  freight  and 
hauling  water.  I  made  it  by  using  two 
pounds  of  sulphur  to  one  pound  of  lime, 
and  cooking  till  the  sulphur  is  dissolved, 
and  it  stays  in  suspension  as  well  as  the 
commercial  brands  and  gives  as  good  re¬ 
sults.  For  a  Summer  spray  it  can  be  used 
about  one  to  30  or  five  pounds  sulphur  to 
50  gallons,  on  apples,  but  not  near  that 
strong  on  peaches.  The  self-boiled  lime- 
sulphur  is  the  only  thing  recommended  for 
Summer  spray  on  peach,  using  arsenate  of 
lead  with  it  to  prevent  the  work  of  the 
curculio,  thereby  lessening  the  chances  for 
the  spread  of  the  brown  rot  as  it  starts 
mostly  where  the  curculio  works  on  the 
fruit.  For  spraying  apples,  if  the  orchard 
lias  the  scale  use  lime-sulphur  one  to  nine, 
and  use  either  Bordeaux  (3-5-50)  or  dilute 
lime-sulphur  just  before  the  trees  bloom, 
and  add  arsenate  of  lead  if  insects  do  any 
injury.  Spray  again  just  as  soon  as  most 
of  the  bloom  is  off,  and  again  in  a  week 
to  10  days,  using  arsenate  of  lead  and  a 
fungicide  both,  and  for  later  applications 
use  the  Bordeaux  (2-5-50)  with  arsenate 
of  lead  about  the  time  the  Codling  moth 
lays  her  eggs,  or  just  before  that,  and 
against  about  two  or  three  weeks  later, 
thereby  preventing  the  second  brood  doing 
injury,  keeping  off  bitter  rot.  sooty  fungus 
and  the  late  scab.  Curculio  injury  is  pre¬ 
vented  by  the  spray  at  the  same  time. 

Rawrence  Co.,  O.  u.  t.  cox. 


CLOTHCRAFT 

styles  are  national  styles. 
At  $10  to  $25,  Clothcraft 
Clothes  will  dress  you  right 
for  any  city  in  America. 
That’s  one  of  the  good  things 
you  can  see  in  Clothcraft. 


GUARANTEED^ 
ALL  WOOli 


ANOTHER  thing  you  can  see  in  Clothcraft  Clothes 
.ZA.  is  the  remarkably  good  fit — the  close-fitting  collar 
and  lapels;  the  shapely  shoulders  and  full,  smooth 
coat-front;  the  trousers  that  set  snug  at  the  heel. 

The  things  you  can’t  see  for  yourself  are  assured  by 
a  definite  guaranty,  backed  by  dealer  and  maker — 
absolutely  all-wool  cloth;  first-class  trimmings  and 
workmanship;  lasting  shape,  service  and  satisfaction. 
And  it  will  be  well  for  you  to  remember  that  Cloth¬ 
craft  Clothes  are  the  only  guaranteed  all-wool  line  at 
medium  prices — $io  to  $25. 


THIS  is  the  Clothcraft 
label  that  distinguishes 
every  suit  of  Clothcraft 
Clothes.  It’s  an  insurance- 
mark  that  gives  confidence. 
It  means  that  the  clothes 
bearing  it  are  guaranteed 
all-wool,  with  all  the  re¬ 
liability  that  only  all-wool 
can  give.  It  also  meansthat 
the  clothes  have  the  perfec¬ 
tion  of  fit  that  you’d  expect 
only  at  higher  prices — thus 
saving  you  $5  to  $10  a  suit. 


For  your  own  satisfaction  you  ought  to  investigate  Clothcraft  Clothes.  Go  to 
the  nearest  Clothcraft  Store,  or  write  us  direct.  We’ll  gladly  send  you  the 
Clothcraft  Style-Chart  for  Spring,  and  a  booklet  picturing  the  light,  clean 
Clothcraft  shop,  together  with  the  name  of  the  nearest  Clothcraft  store. 


THE  JOSEPH  &  FEISS  CO. 

Founded  1850 — Oldest  American 
Manufacturers  of  Mer’s  Clothes 

635  St.  Clair  Ave.,  N.  W.  Cleveland 


No.  3  BROWNIE  CAMERA 


Pictures  3%  x  4^.  Price  $4.00. 


This  latest  addition  to  the  popular  Brownie 
family  meets  the  demand  for  a  camera,  which  is 
equipped  with  the  essentials  for  a  high  class  of 
amateur  work,  but  is  so  simple  that  even  the 
children  can  use  it  with  good  results. 

This  camera  has  the  first  quality  meniscus 
achromatic  lens,  Eastman  rotary  shutter,  fixed 
focus,  two  view  finders,  so  that  either  vertical  or 
horizontal  exposures  can  be  made.  It  is  a  neat 
and  attractive  camera,  covered  with  handsome 
imitation  grain  leather.  It  is  a  convenient  shape 
to  carry,  and  weighs  but  24  ounces.  This  Brownie 
takes  four,  six  or  twelve  exposure  Kodak  film 
cartridges,  and  like  the  Kodak, loads  in  daylight. 

Ask  your  denier  or  write  us  for  a  free  copy  of 
"At  Home  With  the  Kodak,' ' 
our  newest  booklet. 

EASTMAN  KODAK  COMPANY. 

387  State  Street.  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 


jgHAMOIS  SKIN  KHAKI  WORK  SHIRT  f 


Khaki  has  strength  and  durability — U.  S.  Government  test  proved 
it  by  Army  wear.  The  popular  Chamois  Skin  Khaki  Shirt  is  made  of 
strong,  especially  woven  khaki  with  the  soft  “chamois  skin”  finish 
and  feel,  in  a  good  selection  of  fast-colored  patterns.  It’s  double 
seamed,  double  stitched,  reinforced  and  GUARANTEED.  . 

At  your  dealer’s;  if  he  can’t  supply  you,  send  us  his  name, 
your  collar  size  and  50c.  in  stamps  for  sample  shirt  and  book  of 
new  patterns. 

THE  PRESIDENT  SHIRT  CO. 

121  Wyoming  St.,  Baltimore.  Md. 


PETER  COOPER’S  PURE  BONE  DUST 

THE  OLD  RELIABLE  SINCE  1827 

STERLING  BRANDS  OF 
COMPLETE  FERTILIZERS 

SPECIAL  BLENDS  FOR  SPECIAL  CROPS 

;  :  Send  for  Booklet  :  : 

PETER  COOPER'S  FERTILIZER,  '"^Toir 


m 


^  Scientific  farming  is  the 

"kind  that  pays  ;  and  Planet  Jrs  are  scientific  farming  and 
’gardening  implements.  They  do  the  work  of  3  to  6  men — do  it  better,  and  , 
get  bigger  and  better  crops.  They  are  backed  by  over  35  years’  practical  study 
>of  farm  and  garden  needs.  Every  Planet  Jr  is  fully  guaranteed. 
jlTew  No.  10  I  Planet  Jr  Horse-Hoe,  Cultivator  and  Hiller  combines  the  most  valuable 

1  “ . features  of  the  best  one-horse  cultivators  and  best  horse-hoes.  Small  and  light, 

yet  strong  and  lasting. 

(No.  38|  Planet  Jr  Single-Wheel  Disc-Hoe,  Cultivator  and  Plow  is 

made  with  the  new  Planet  Jr  pressed-stcel  frame  that  makes  it  more  durable  than 
ever.  Has  3  adjustable  discs  on  each  side;  new-idea  pronged  cultivator  teeth, 
and  plow  attachment  readily  changed  for  depth. 

\\T  •-  for  complete  illustrated  1911  Planet  Jr 
W  I’ll©  catalogue  describing  seeders,  double  and 
single  wheel  hoes,  one  and  two  horse  imple¬ 
ments — for  every  farm  and  garden 
need.  Free  and  postpaid.! 

S  L  Allen  &  Co 

Box  l|07 V  Philada  Pa 


1911. 


'T'tUS  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


273 


■  •  _  -  . 

Sprayers  That  Have 
Proved  Their  Worth 


Our  line  of 
sprayers  are 
used  by 
hundreds  of 
experienced 
fruit  grow¬ 
ers  of  all 
parts  in  the 
c  o  untry. 

Thousands  o 
superiority.  They  are  known  as  sprayers 
with  the  trouble  left  out. 


are  made  in  twenty-five  different  sizes— five 
power  and  twenty  hand 
sizes,  and  sell  from  $3.50 
to  $350.00.  Practical,  up- 
to-date  fruit  growers 
find  Hardie  Sprayers 
meet  all  requirements. 
Write  to-day  for  our 
catalogue  and  learn  all 
about  them.  This  book 
also  contains  a  lot  of  val- 
uableinformation  on  dis¬ 
eases  of  fruit  trees  and 


THE  HARDIE  MFC.  CO. 

942  Mechanic  Street,  Hudson,  Mich, 
also  49  N.  Front  Street,  Portland,  Ore. 


/Vine  Vent's*  Service  in  Our  Own 
Orchards  and  Still  on  Duty. 

W.H.  OWEN  SPRAYER  GO.,  Sandusky,  0, 


—NOT  AN  EXPERIMENT— 

THIS  MACHINE 

DOES  THE  WORK 


COMPRESSED  AIR 

S  FRA  YER S 


The  Best  Spray  Pump 

Sprays  the  tallest  fruit  trees  from  the  ground. 
Special  nozzle  for  grape 'vines,  shrubs,  etc. 
Sprays  quickest  and  best.  Does  the  work  in 
half  the  time  and  does  it  thoroughly.  Always 
ready.  Used  with  bucket,  barrel  or  tank. 
Lasts  a  lifetime.  No  leathers  to  dry  up,  wear 
out,  or  make  trouble. 

Standard  Spray  Pump 

Warranted  for  5  Years.  Price  $4.00. 

It  will  not  cost  you  a  cent  to  try  it.  Our 
special  offer  gives  complete  details.  Write 
for  it  today  and  we  will  also  send  our  illus¬ 
trated  circular  showing  how  this  pump  pays 
for  itself  many  times  over  the  first  season. 

The  Standard  Stamping  Co. 

94  Main  Street  Marysville,  O. 


Spray  30  Acres  a  Day 

Potatoes,  Small  Fruits,  Vines 

8praying  that  counts.  6  rows  at  a  time  with  force  to  do 
work  right.  Foliage  sprayed  all  over,  under  as  well  as 
on  top.  The  Perfection  Sprayer  is  also  great  at  orchard 
Mork.  Spray  trees  by  hand.  Kasy  to  maintain  16® 
pounds  pressure  with  two  nozzles  going.  Strong  60 
gallon  tank,  perfect  agitation,  absolutely  best  spray 
pump  made.  Spray  pipes  fold  np— yon  can 
drive  close  to  trees  and  in  narrow  places. 
Over  23  years  a  sprayer  builder.  I  know  re- 
Lqmrements,  and  1  know  the  Perfection  is 
right.  Over  lOOO  In  use, 
all  giving  satisfaction. 
Write  for  Free  Catalog. 
_  Don’t  buy  any  sprayer 
tUlitt 


comes. 


THOMAS 
PEPPLER 
Box  45,Hightstown,NJ. 


ORCHARD  SPRAYING  BY  CONTRACT. 

We  recently  told  of  a  new  plan  fol¬ 
lowed  in  Washington,  under  which  an 
expert  makes  a  contract  to  keep  an  or¬ 
chard  free  from  insects  and  disease. 
The  following  description  of  it  is  sent  us 
by  Paul  G.  Kruger,  who  does  the  work. 
The  following  contract  is  signed  by  both 
parties : 

This  agreement  made  between . 

of  . .  known  here¬ 

after  as  party  of  the  first  part,  and  Paul 
G.  Kruger,  known  hereafter  as  party  of 
the  second  part,  agrees : 

Party  of  the  second  part  hereby  agrees 
and  contracts  with  party  of  the  first  part, 
to  spray  apple  and  pear  orchard  with  arse¬ 
nate  of  lead,  for  the  destruction  of  the  Cod¬ 
ling  mo.th,  and  party  of  the  second  part 
agrees  for  the  consideration  hereafter  stip¬ 
ulated,  to  guarantee  to  party  of  the  first 
part  from  85  to  00  per  cent  clean  apples 
and  pears,  at  the  end  of  season  1910. 

The  consideration  for  the  spraying  of  the 
said  apple  and  pear  orchard  shall  be  six 
cents  a  gallon,  four  cents  a  gallon  to  be  paid 
cash  on  the  completion  of  every  spraying, 
and  the  balance  of  two  cents  a  gallon,  to 
be  paid  to  the  party  of  the  second  part  at 
the  time  when  the  apple  crop  is  harvested, 
and  between  85  to  90  per  cent  clean  fruit  is 
shown.  The  pear  crop  to  come  under  the 
same  agreement. 

It  is  further  agreed  that  party  of  the 
first  part  will  thin  out  their  fruit  during 
the  season  of  1910,  and  if  such  thinning  is 
not  done  then  the  whole  amount  of  this 
contract  becomes  due,  and  party  of  the  first 
part  agrees  to  pay  the  same,  to  party  of 
the  second  part.  It  is  expressly  understood 
that  this  contract  is  not  to  be  counter¬ 
manded. 

Witness  Our  Hands  and  Seal : 

This  ....  day  of  ....  1910. 


The  great  problem  which  confronts 
the  orchardist  to-day  is  how  to  fight 
successfully  the  Codling  moth  and  other 
insects  in  order  to  get  good  crop  return. 
During  the  last  15  years  of  horticultural 
experience,  I  have  noticed  carefully  the 
results  of  spraying.  I  became  convinced 
the  reason  why  so  many  failed  was  not 
because  the  orchardists  did  not  try  to  do 
their  level  best,  but  simply  failure  was 
mainly  due  to  incompetent  help.  I  came 
to  the  conclusion  that  with  competent 
help  orchard  crops  should  yield  at  least 
between  85  to  90  per  cent  good,  clean, 
marketable  fruit.  I  began  what  I  call 
the  contract  system,  during  the  season 
of  1910,  confining  myself  mainly  to  the 
Codling  moth.  This  year  I  am  making 
contracts  to  take  care  of  the  entire  or¬ 
chard,  to  keep  it  clean  from  all  pests, 
pruning  included,  turning  the  same  over 
to  the  owner  at  the  winding  up  of  the 
season  with  an  absolute  guarantee  of 
85-90  per  cent  clean  fruit.  In  order  to 
be  able  to  fulfill  my  contracts,  I  use  this 
method :  I  own  my  own  outfit,  furnish  all 
spraying  material  and  do  the  work  my¬ 
self,  carrying  my  own  crew,  men  whom 
I  have  trained  myself.  I  make  it  a 
point  not  to  take  more  work  than  I  can 
handle.  By  this  method  I  can  do  the 
work  right  and  satisfactorily.  During 
the  season  when  the  Codling  moth  be¬ 
gins  its  work,  I  have  a  cage  prepared 
about  a  foot  square,  using  coi  imon  wire 
window  screen  for  the  purpose.  In  this 
cage  I  place  several  larvae  of  Codling 
moth  and  place  a  little  soil,  small  green 
apples  and  leaves  on  the  floor  of  the 
cage,  so  that  conditions  for  pupating  will 
be  about  like  those  out  in  the  open.  I 
watch  the  transformation  of  the  insect, 
and  when  the  moth  appears  in  the  cage 
I  know  they  are  also  appearing  in  the 
orchard,  and  another  application  is  made, 
the  small  apples  being  coated  over  with 
the  poison.  This  is  the  best  way  to 
determine  when  the  application  for  the 
Codling  moth  should  be  made. 

I  enclose  a  contract,  given  above, 
which  I  used  during  the  season  of  1910. 
The  cost  to  spray  trees  with  the  arsenate 
of  lead  for  the  moth  varies  from  10  to 
25  cents  per  tree  one  application.  Mr. 
George  Teusley’ s  orchard  cost  on  250 
trees,  eight  years  old,  two  applications, 
$67.50 ;  Mr.  John  Slade’s  orchards,  150 
trees,  five  years  old,  three  applications, 
$28.15.  In  the  Slade  orchard  99  per 
cent  of  clean  apples  was  the  result ;  in 
the  Teusley  orchard  95  per  cent  clean 
apples.  You  will  notice  a  difference  of 
four  per  cent  in  the  two  orchards.  The 
reason  for  this  is  Slade’s  orchards  re¬ 
ceived  three  applications  and  Teusley 
two.  This  season,  as  already  stated,  I 
am  making  contracts,  including  pruning, 
in  fact  I  take  the  orchard  in  hand.  The 
cost  will  be  between  $1.50  to  $2  a  tree; 
all  depends  upon  the  age  and  condition 
of  the  orchard.  I  use  a  force  pump 
using  from  80  to  100  pounds  of  pressure, 
worked  by  one  man,  spraying  with  a 
drop  rod  nozzle  from  a  elevated  plat¬ 
form  about  four  feet  high,  attached  to 
orchard  wagon,  platform  works  on 
hinges  so  it  may  be  laid  down  on  the 
wagon  when  working  in  an  orchard  where 
limbs  intermingle.  In  conclusion  let 
me  sa\r  anyone  can  make  good  with  an 
orchard  if  the  slogan  is  watch  and  pray; 
praying  is  better  than  cussing;  it  begets 
patience  and  be-up-and-doing ;  begin  in 
time  and  half  the  battle  will  be  won. 

PAUL  G.  KRUEGER. 


Spraying  Does  Pay 

and  it  is  a  necessity  to  insure  good  crops.  The  up-to-date  fruit-grower  has  no  more  ex¬ 
pectation  of  getting  a  good  crop  of  fruit  from  unsprayed  trees  than  a  good  farmer  has  of 
getting  a  good  crop  of  wheat  from  unplowed  ground. 


Myers  Spray  Pumps 


are  in  use  in  every  important  fruit  growing  district  on  the  globe.  They  are  giving  com¬ 
plete  satisfaction  to  thousands  of  successful  fruit-men.  They  are  doing  this  because  they 
are  made  on  honor.  Forty  years  in  the  business  of  manufacturing  pumps  makes  it  pos¬ 
sible  for  us  to  build  a  pump  that  will  stand  the  wear  and  tear  of  hard,  thorough  spraying. 

The  keen,  hard-headed,  wide-awake  orchardist  knows  that  the  value  of  a  spraying 
machine  depends  on  the  good,  honest,  workmanship  and  the  right  kind  of  materials. 
He  knows,  too,  that  a  spraying  machine  made  for  high  pressure  work  in  the  orchard  will 
not  answer  for  the  garden  patch,  the  vineyard  or  the  potato  field. 

Myers  pumps  are  built  for  every  sort  of  purpose,  from  the  little  bucket  spray  pump 
to  the  powerful,  high-pressure  pumps  run  by  gasoline  engines. 


Fiq.  1358 


Spray  Nozzles,  Hose, 
Fittings,  Etc. 

A  hardware  man  or  implement  dealer  in  your 
own  town  possibly  carries  Myers  pumps  in  his 
stock,  hut  in  case  he  does  not,  and  cannot 
furnish  you  with  the  prices  and  information, 
write  us  for  a  copy  of  our  fine  new  spray  pump 


Fin.  1125 


catalogue. 


Myers  Back 
Geared  Power 
Spray  Pump 
With 
Machine 
Cut  Gear 
For  Hot 
or  Cold 
Mixtures 


Flo-  1318 


IT  IS  FREE 


F.  E.  MYERS 
&  BROTHER 

Ashland  Pump  6  Hay  Tool  Works 

135  Orange  St.,  ASHLAND,  OHIO 

“IT  PAYS 
THE  MAN  Fio.  1363 

THAT 

«PR  A  Y<2’ 


I 


“ LEADER 1 


Gasoline  Pressure  Machine  I 

Has  Horse-Power,  4-Cycle  Engine 
and  Hopper  Jacket  lor  Cooling. 

It  supplies  io  nozzles  at  a  pressure  of  200 
lbs.  with  safety  valve  blowing  off,  and 
this  service  can  easily  be  increased  with¬ 
out  overtaxing  the  engine. 

A  Complete  Spraying  Rig 

end  It  will  rcttll  the  funk,  saw  wood,  grind 
feed,  run  your  repair  shop,  shell  or  clean  your 
grain,  run  the  cream  separator  or  the  chum,  and 
Is  safe,  simple  and  satisfactory. 

Also  S-IIorsc-I’ower  Itigs  with  Triplex  Pumps 
—We  also  manufacture  a  full  lino  of  Darrel, 
Knapsack,  and  Power  Potato  Sprayers  with 
Mechanical  Agitators  and  Automatic  Strain¬ 
er  Cleaners.  Catalogue  FREE.  f 

FIELD  FORCE  PUMP  CO. 

2  1  1  th  St.,  Elmira  N.  Y. 

General  Agents, 

JOHN  DEERE  PLOW  CO., 

Kansas  Citt,  Mo..  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

C.  P.  R0THWELL&  CO.,  Mahtinsburc. W.  V*. 
JBRflCK^-SHAW^^inCO^EIo^otUdASS^^ 


LIGHT  WEIGHT,  Any  team  handles  it 
HIGH  PRESSURE,  200  pounds  all  day 
ENGINE,  Famous  “New  Way”  aircooled. 
A  farm  engine  every  day  in  the  year. 

BUY  A  HIGH  GRADE  SPRAYER 

I UWS&SS  PfTYSSEL?R 

The  First  Season  Used 

Write  us  for  “ Success ”  catalog  No.  5 

TftfMewWayMms  Company 

Lahsjks,  HtcniQAJt.  U.S.A. 

14  0.  SHERIDAN  STREET 


«KANT-KLOG’V#:, 


SPRAYERS 

Something  New 

Gets  twice  the  results  *~£2l=is. 
with  same  laborand  fluid.  ? 5 s-3*’' 

Flat  or  round,  line  or  coarse  sprays 
from  name  nozzle.  Ten  styles.  For 
trees,  potatoes,  gardens,  whitewashing, 
etc.  Agents  Wanted.  Booklet  Free. 

Rochester  Spray  Pump  Co. 


Spraying 

Guide  Free 


DEFEND  YOUR  FRUIT  TREES 


From  San  Jose  Scale  and  fungus 
diseases  with  a  Defender  Sprayer 
Powerful  two-line  spraying  ap¬ 
paratus.  Made  of  brass;  perfect 
construction.  Quickly  attached 
to  barrel  ;  easy  working.  Saves 
time,  labor  and  fruit.  Satisfac¬ 
tion  guaranteed. 

Descriptive  circular  and  prica 
list  free.  Write  today. 

C.  S.  HARDER, 

Box  75,  Catskill,  N.  Y. 


THE  HAMILTON  RESERVOIR 
ORCHARD 
HEATER 


Positively 
the  most 
effeotlve 
heater  be¬ 
cause  of  its 
REGULATED 
FIRE.  Many 
other  points  of  suneriorlty. 

Write  for  our  RED  BOOK  on  orchard 
heating  free.  Tells  you  how  best  to  smudge 


HAMILTON  ORCHARD  HEATER  CO.,  Grand  Junction,  Col*. 


274 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  4, 


AN  AIR  PRESSURE  SPRAYING  OUTFIT 

When  A.  I.  Loop  put  out  his  first 
little  compressed  air  sprayer  a  forward 
step  was  taken  that  I  believe  will  soon 
turn  into  one  grand  march  of  com¬ 
pressed  air  sprayers  through  every  or¬ 
chard  in  the  land  where  good  work  is 
required  at  least  possible  expense  and 
trouble.  Certain  business  conditions 


spray  gangs  of  two  each,  one  mechanic 
at  engine  and  compressor,  and  two  men 
at  mixing  and  loading  station,  7,000  to 
8,000  heavily  loaded  trees  were  thor¬ 
oughly  sprayed  daily  to  a  sum  total  of 
nearly  300,000  trees.  There  were  no 
break-downs,  or  stops  for  repairs.  While 
the  first  cost  of  plant  was  nearly  $3,000, 
effectiveness  and  low  cost  of  work  in 


J.  H.  HALE’S  COMPOUND  AIR  SPRAYING  STATION. 


hard  to  overcome  having  made  it  diffi¬ 
cult  for  manufacturers  to  see  any  profit 
in  the  air  spray  outfit,  the  development 
has  been  slow  and  almost  wholly  by  or- 
chardists,  who  wanted  something  better 
than  gasoline  engines  and  pumps.  Two 
years  ago,  when  convinced  that  three  to 
four  annual  sprayings  must  in  future  be 
given  to  the  more  than  one  hundred 
thousand  trees  in  our  Georgia  peach  or¬ 
chard,  I  spent  many  months  and  thous¬ 
ands  of  miles  of  travel  looking  over 
such  compressed  air  sprayers  as  were 
then  jn  use.  I  found  no  two  exactly 
alike,  or  anywhere  near  perfect,  yet  all 
able  to  do  good  work  to  the  satisfac¬ 
tion  of  their  owners,  all  of  whom  ad¬ 
vised  me  strongly  to  go  in  for  com¬ 
pressed  air.  Therefore,  after  a  careful 
sifting  of  all  their  ideas  and  experi¬ 
ments,  I  became  satisfied  that  nearly  all 
would  have  to  be  rejected,  and  a  new 
start  made  on  a  scientific  basis,  and  so  I 
placed  my  need  before  Ralph  B.  Carter, 
a  hydraulic  engineer  of  New  York,  who 
had  used  compressed  air  in  much  of  his 
work  for  years,  and  by  the  combination  of 
his  scientific  knowledge  with  my  prac¬ 
tical  needs  and  limitations,  an  outfit 
was  constructed  that  for  efficiency  and 
economy  in  large  orchards  on  reason¬ 
ably  level  lands  I  am  confident  has  no 
equal  in  the  country  to-day.  The  power 
consists  of  10  horse-power  gasoline  en¬ 
gine  and  a  two-stage  air  compressor  set 
on  solid  iron  bed  piece  and  connected  by 
shaft;  no  belts  or  pulleys  of  any  kind, 
simply  one  solid  piece  of  machinery. 
The  tanks  were  10  feet  long  and  two 
feet  in  diameter  and  are  made  of  one- 
fourth-inch  galvanized  steel,  double 
riveted;  this  was  tested  to  400  pounds 
pressure  and  warranted  for  250  pounds. 
(Never,  never  buy  a  ready-made  tank, 
have  them  made  right  or  have  none  at 
all.)  Cross  heads  were  put  in  these 
tanks,  so  that  air  might  be  in  one  end 
and  liquid  spray,  in  the  other.  This  plan 
enabled  us  to  haul  a  well-balanced  load, 
while  the  old  two-tank  plan  makes  a 
heavy  one-sided  load,  on  the  liquid  tank 
side.  Couplings,  fittings,  etc.,  were  all 
of  the  very  best  and  everything  as  near 
fool-proof  as  it  was  possible  to  make  it. 
A  quick  shift  coupling  with  Y  .connec¬ 
tion  for  the  two  lines  of  hose  made  it 
possible  to  connect  and  disconnect  hose 
in  a  small  fraction  of  a  minute.  Six  of 
these  tanks  were  made  and  fitted  up. 
Our  water  supply  being  only  a  little  to 
one  side  of  center  of  orchard,  the  com¬ 
pressor  was  there  permanently  located 
by  the  mixing  tanks.  The  average  haul 
being  about  one  mile,  we  were  able  to 
keep  a  rapid  fire  line  up  of  three  foun¬ 
tains  squirting  a  steam-like  mist  over 
the  trees  all  the  time.  One  team  being 
at  the  charging  station  and  two  going 
and  coming,  loaded  and  empty,  required 
six  teams  of  mules  and  drivers;  three 


orchard  will  soon  pay  for  that.  After 
lying  idle  from  June  until  December  the 
plant  was  started  up  without  loss  or 
trouble  and  our  Winter  spraying  all 
done  so  quickly  that  it  really  seemed 
more  like  a  little  Christmas  frolic  among 
the  trees,  as  no  one  dreads  the  spray 
job  any  more. 

The  year’s  experience  in  the  South 
fully  convinced  me  of  the  value  of  com¬ 
pressed  air  over  any  other  form  of 
power  for  spraying,  so  that  during  the 
past  few  months  I  have  had  Mr.  Carter 
work  out  plans  for  two  engines  and 
compressor  equipment  and  10  one-horse 
tank  carts,  suitable  for  our  rough  hilly 
lands  at  Glastonbury  and  Seymour,  in¬ 
stead  of  the  one  big  tank  of  the  South, 
for  both  air  and  spray  liquid.  Two 
short  chubby  tanks  are  used  and  placed 
parallel  of  the  axle,  between  the  wheels 
so  as  to  easily  turn  about  anywhere  that 
a  horse  and  two  wheels  can  go.  The 
air  tank  being  larger  than  the  liquid 
tank  of  65  gallons,  allows  us  to  start 
spraying  with  200  pounds  pressure  and 
finish  at  about  125  pounds  (which,  by 
the  way,  is  fully  enough  for  all  practical 
orchard  purposes).  It  appears  to  be  an 
ideal  equipment  for  the  intended  i  tork 
and  I  think  will  be  largely  patterned 
after  in  years  to  come.  Agitation  is 
continuous  by  gearing  to  the  wheels;  it 
was  thought  at  one  time  we  might  be 
able  to  do  the  agitation  with  the  air,  but 
it  was  not  feasible.  j.  H.  hale. 


REASONS  WHY 

BLANCHARD’S 


brand; 


SPRAYIMCN5i^///Ar£«Mls 

ARE  THE  BEST 


are  made  by  the  OLDEST  manufacturers  of  agricultural 
syrays  in  the  world. 

They  are  made  by  the  LARGEST  manufacturers  of  agricultural 
sprays  in  the  world. 

They  arc  made  by  a  firm  whoso  exclusive  business  is  manufac¬ 
turing  agricultural  sprays  and  insecticides. 


BECAUSE— 55 
BECAUSE- 
BECAUSE- 

»>  wr' A  f  ici^ _ They  are  made  by  the  only  firm  who  manufacture  a  COMPLETE 

•D IL  Vrf/\  LI  w  Erf  LI N  E  of  agricultural  sprays. 

RR'f'  A  HQT _ They  are  made  in  the  most  PERFECTLY  EQUIPPED  PLANTS 

DLLAUOIrf  in  the  world  for  manufacturing  agricultural  sprays. 

They  are  made  by  BLANCHARD  SPECIAL  IMPROVED  PRO- 

UJvCAUSErf - (  ESSES,  designed  to  manufacture  the  most  perfect  sprays  and 

insecticides,  and  for  no  other  purpose. 

THE  BLANCHARD  PRODUCiS 

LION  BRAND  Lime-sulphur  Solution  LION  BRAND  Fir  Tree  Oil 

LION  BRAND  Bordeaux  Mixture  LION  RRAND  Insect  Powder 

LION  BRAND  Pure  Paris  Green  LION  BRAND  Powdered  Tobacco 

LION  BRAND  Arsenate  of  Lead  LION  BRAND  Weedicide 

LION  BRAND  Kerosene  Emulsion  LION  BRAND  Grafting  Wax 

LION  BRAND  Pure  Powdered  Hellebore  LI0N»BRAN0  Sticky  Binding 

LION  BRAND  Whale  Oil  Soap  LION  BRAND  Cattle  Content 

AND  SEVERAL  SPECIALTIES 

Every  successful  reader  of  The  Rural  New-Yorker  knows  he  must  spray  if  he  is  to 
have  a  crop  marketable  at  profitable  prices,  and  an  orchard  constantly  increasing  in 
value  and  earning  capacity. 

It  has  become  now  simply  a  question  of  whose  spraying  materials  to  use.  Those 
who  KNOW  will  have  none  but  LION  BRAN D-BLANCH ARD’S  LION 

B  RAN  D— because  of  their  scientifically  worked  out  formulas,  perfection  in  manufac¬ 
ture,  and  dependable  uniformity  in  quality  and  effectiveness.  Buy  from  your  local 
dealer  or  write  to  us  and  refuse  to  allow  any  one  to  foist  on  you  any  other  brand. 

FREE  BOOKLET 

“WHEN,  WHY  AND  HOW  TO  SPRAY"  is  an  exceedingly  valuable  little  booklet  on  tbe  subject  of 
spraying,  putting  everything  in  concise,  readable  shape,  and  we  will  be  glad  to  send  a  copy  to  you 
by  mail,  if  you  send  your  address. 

LION  BRAND  PRODUCTS  ARE  GUARANTEED  UNDER  THE 
INSECTICIDE  ACT  OF  1910,  BY 

JAMES  A.  BLANCHARD  COMPANY 

524  HUDSON  TERMINAL  1 1 1  BROAD  STREET 

New  York,  N.  Y.  St.  Joseph,  Mich. 


The  HAND  SPRAMOTORS 


as. 


No. 

I  and  2 

with  horse-drawn  cart,  can  he  used  for  or¬ 
chards,  vineyards,  row  crops  or  weed 
spraying.  As  shown,  it  is  arranged  for 
row  crops  and  weeds,  but  all  attachments 
are  interchangeable.  Has  Steel  Axle,  52  in. 
wheel  of  best  hardwood,  adjustable  width 
of  track  and  rows,  all  brass  Spramotor, 
with  brass  ball  valves,  mechanical  agita¬ 
tor,  compensating  plunger.  All  of 
the  highest  grade  throughout,  for 
one  horse  only. 

Price,  $47.00  to  $54.00. 

Write  for  free  treatise. 

2  Gold  Medals  National  Horticultural  Congress. 

1320  Erie  St.,  Buffalo,  INT.  Y. 


w  Sprayed  with 

Bowker’s  PyTOX 


brings  more  money 


because  it  is  free  from  injury  by  worms, 
scab,  etc.  Over  300  testimonials  in  our 
new  catalogue  show  the  great  value  of  this  preparation  on  all  kinds  of  fr uits 
and  vegetables.  Pyrox  serves  two  purposes  ;  it  kills  insects  and  prevents  dis¬ 
ease  and  blemish.  It  adheres  to  the  foliage  even  through  heavy  rains,  saving 
labor  and  cost  of  re-spraying.  Perfectly  safe.  It  is  all  ready  to  use  by  mixing 
with  .  cold  water.  Every  grower  who  seeks  fruit  and  vegetables  fiee  fiom 
blemish  needs  “Pyrox,”  the  ‘  ‘one  best  spray.  ’  ’  It 

“ Fills  the  barrel  with  the  kind  they  used  to  put  on  Top” 

Send  for  new  catalogue  with  photograph  of  sprayed  and  unsprayed  fi  uit  in 
original  colors.  Will  convince  the  most  skeptical.  Say  how  many  and  what 
kinds  of  fruit  trees,  or  how  many  acres  of  potatoes  you  have  to  spray,  and  ask 
for  special  prices.  We  ship  from  Boston,  Baltimore,  and  Cincinnati. 

"D  rkAX7"in?  1?  INSECTICIDE  COMPANY, 

Jj  Lf  W  l\.  L  XV  43  CHATHAM  STREET,  BOSTON,  MASS. 


1911 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER. 


275 


MAILCOUPON  FOR  THIS 
/  BOOK  FREE //i 


VERY  farmer,  fruit  grower  and  gardener  has 
need  for  a  spraying  outfit,  and  right  here  at 
headquarters  is  the  sprayer  for  you— no 
yle  or  size  you  want.  Brown’s  Auto-Sprays 
erever  spraying  is  done.  Whether  you  want 

the  most 


Coupon  IS 

1VT  a  r  » 


a  hand  power,  traction  power  or  gasoline  power  outfit — here  it  is 

efficient,  most  economical,  most  durable  outfit  of  its  kind  made  _ 

We  are  the  largest  spraying-machine  manufacturers  in  the  world  and 
have  over  300,000  satisfied  customers.  We  will  be  glad  to  refer  you  to  any  /JM 

number  of  our  customers  in  your  section.  We  want  to  send  you  our  book 
so  you  can  read  all  about  Auto-Sprays  and  the  letters  from  many  prominent 
orchardists.  You  will  be  interested  to  read  about  the  great  reliability  of  ^ 
Auto-Sprays— their  simplicity,  their  durability— their  capacity  for  doing  the 
work  as  it  should  be  done. 

The  Famous  Auto-Spray  No.  1  f-“‘°  -Spray  No.  1  is  the  most  power- 

r  **  ful  and  most  satisfactory  of  all  small 

hand  power  sprayers.  Holds  three  gallons  of  solution  and  one  gallon  of  compressed  air.  It  is 
the  only  small  sprayer  equal  to  heavy  work,  and  is  just  the  thing  for  the  man  who  wants  to 
spray  five  acres  of  potatoes  or  a  few  trees.  It  is  just  the  outfit  for  a  small  orchard,  whitewashing 
the  poultry-house  and  handling  kerosene  orother  fluid.  It  is  the  onlysmallhand-poweroutfit  good 
enough  to  be  guaranteed  to  do  the  work  RIGHT— in  the  shortest  time— with  the  least  expense, 
Auto-Spray  No  24  is  a  barrel  sprayer  with  large  capacity.-  Furnished  with  r 

or  without  barrel  and  with  orchard  equipment  and  potato  attachment,  as 
desired.  No  valves  concealed  and  all  working  parts  exposed.  If  you 
"want  to  do  heavy  work  by  hand,  this  is  the  outfit  for  you 


Auto-Spray  No,  U 


tiUAUit  VALVi 


emvsT  Human 


CYIINDIU  JACKtt 


i&wtoh 


Brown’s 

Hand  and  Power 

Auto-Sorai 


Fly  WHtCl 


ooveenoz  zoo 


AIZ  CXAH6CK. 


Sway  Shut  off. 


C0MPRC33I0N  BOS 


iCAB  Y/HttL 


’Auto  Spray**  No.  1 


rOU  WJMA/I 


SaFCTy 

VALVI 


QQVUtNO* 
CJACl 4 


CONNECTING 
RyOo  . _ 


PVMf>  OUCHAKl' 
VALVU 


t  - 


CLUTCH 


HUMP  JUCT/Off. 


are  also  used  and  endorsed  by  practically  every  Government  and  State  Ex 
periment  Station.  Tell  us  your  needs— let  us  know  the  work  you  have  t< 


Auto-Spray  No.  24 


Non-Clog  Atomic  Nozzle—  furnlsl 
all  Traction  and  Gasoline  Fow 
Sprays,  when  desired. 


Accessories  For 
Auto-Spray  No.  1 


Auto-Spray  N<  28 

Capacity  zto  gal.  icrwtr 
vhlle  driving. 


jfiii'ifilf*  Our  book  will  be  worth  money  to  you 
because  of  the  valuable  information  it 
contains  and  the  fact  that  it  will  show  you  the  right 
machine  for  your  purpose  at  the  right  price.  '  Contains 
a  fully  revised  and  carefully  compiled  spraying  guide, 
which  every  fruit-grower,  farmer  and 
gardener  will  find  of  great  value  in  their 
— spraying  work  throughout  the  year.  Send 
for  this  book  now. 

E.  C.  Brown,  President- 

Tile  E.  C.  Brown  Company 

28  Jay  Street,  Rochester.  N.  Y. 


For  reaching  under 
side  of  meion.cn cum- 

e;rewl*rr7 


Brass  Strainer 

A  great  convenience  for 
proper  BlUiPg  o£  eolu. 


Made  of  braes. 


Built  for  Practical  Orchardists 
by  Practical  Mechanics 

We  manufacture  exactly  the  power  sprayei 

Manufactured  entirely  in 
,  by  the  best  mechanics  we  can  hire,  of 


been  looking  for 
factory 

selected  material,  and  we  have  no  hesitancy  in 
teeing  it  to  be  the  most  complete,  practical  sp: 
the  market  today. 

Ten  reasons  why  you  should  buy  a  Deyo: 

1.  We  are  manufacturers 


not  assemblers, 

2.  Ten  years  in  actual  field  service.  . 

3.  You  get  experience,  not  an  experiment. 

4.  Will  run  properly  on  any  ground. 

5.  Not  affected  by  extreme  temperature. 

6.  Air-cooled  horizontal  engine. 

7.  No  packings  on  engine. 

8.  Direct  connected  pump  and  engine, 

9.  Few  working  parts — easily  accessible. 
10.  Liberal  guarantee. 

There  are  many  other  reasons. 
Ask  for  Booklet  19A. 


THE  DEYO-MACEY  ENGINE  COMPANY 
BINGHAMTON,  NEW  YORK 


270 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  4. 


NEW  LIME-SULPHUR  STRAINER.  according  to  the  fineness  of  straining 
One  of  the  problems  arising  in  the  desired.  For  lime-sulphur  alone,  tinned 
home  preparation  of  concentrated  lime-  iron  wire  is  preferable,  while  for  Bor- 
sulphur  is  the  proper  handling  of  the  deaux  brass  is  best.  Whichever  ma- 
sediment.  The  earlier  plans  allowed  it  terial  is  used,  it  should  be  rinsed  off 


LIME-SULPHUR  STRAINER.  Fig.  92. 


to  settle  after  boiling,  and  then  drew  off 
only  the  clear  liquid  above.  In  a  prop¬ 
erly  made  concentrate,  however,  most 
of  the  sediment  is  much  like  smoke,  both 
in  fineness  of  particles  and  in  the  ap¬ 
pearance  of  occupying  much  greater 
space  than  it  really  does.  Thus  we  have 
found  in  concentrates  permitted  to  set¬ 
tle  for  weeks  that  the  sediment  us¬ 
ually  appeared  to  occupy  from  30  to  50 
per  cent  of  the  total  volume,  when,  after 
filtration,  washing  and  drying,  it  proved 
really  to  occupy  only  about  three  to  10 
per  cent.  The  use  of  the  settling  method 
alone  therefore  would  result  in  a  loss 
of  20  to  40  per  cent  of  the  efficient  liquids 
in  each  lot  of  concentrate  made. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  occasional 
lumps  and  coarse  particles,  occurring  as 
a  result  of  impurities  or  defects  of 
manipulation,  made  it  unwise  to  disre¬ 
gard  the  sediment  entirely,  and  attempt 
to  use  it  all  along  with  the  solution. 
The  usual  methods  of  straining  were 
therefore  resorted  to  as  a  safeguard.  It 
was  found,  however,  that  with  the  or¬ 
dinary  types  of  strainers,  the  mixture 
of  coarse  and  fine  particles  rapidly  ac¬ 
cumulated  on  the  screen  and  very  soon 
produced  an  effective  dam.  This  dif¬ 
ficulty  had  been  partially  overcome  by 
placing  the  screens  at  an  angle,  or  in 
the  form  of  cones  in  the  strainers.  The 
fundamental  difficulty,  however,  con¬ 
sisted  in  the  fact  that  all  the  straining 
was  done  downward.  All  particles  too 
coarse  for  the  screen  remained  upon  it 
and  soon  clogged  it  up  completely.  To 
meet  the  real  difficulty,  therefore,  we 
have  made  a  strainer  that  strains  up¬ 
ward,  the  construction  of  which  is  shown 
in  the  accompanying  illustration,  Fig. 
92.  In  it  the  coarse  particles  fall  away 
from  the  screen,  thus  permitting  the 
liquid  and  fine  particles  to  flow  through 
without  interruption.  By  its  use  the 
straining  can  be  done  immediately,  with¬ 
out  the  loss  of  time  involved  in  the  set¬ 
tling  method,  and  at  the  close  of  the 
straining  it  enables  one  to  wash  out 
and  save  all  efficient  liquids  remaining 
in  the  coarse  portion  of  the  sediment, 
by  running  through  the  strainer  the 
water  required  for  the  next  batch. 

Fig.  92  is  a  new*  type  of  strainer  for 
lime-sulphur  or  other  spray  materials. 
The  liquid  enters  at  A,  passes  upward 
through  the  screen,  and  is  carried  where 
desired  through  a  hose  attached  to  the 
spigot.  The  coarse  particles  thus  fall 
away  from  the  screen  instead  of  ac¬ 
cumulating  on  it.  The  material  to  be 
strained  is  poured  in  at  A,  passes  up 
through  the  screen,  and  is  carried  where 
desired  through  a  hose  attached  to  the 
spigot.  The  exact  dimensions  used  in 
the  figure  are  convenient  but  not  essen¬ 
tial.  They  may  be  increased,  if  very 
large  lots  are  to  be  strained  at  a  single 
time.  The  screen  is  also  made  remov¬ 
able  in  our  strainer,  being  held  down  by 
four  revolving  cleats  as  shown.  While 
this  also  is  a  non-essential,  yet  it  per¬ 
mits  the  screen  to  be  lifted  out  when  re¬ 
moving  the  waste  materials,  and  per¬ 
mits  more  than  one  size  of  mesh  or  kind 
of  wire  to  be  readily  available.  The 
mesh  may  run  from  30  to  50  to  the  inch, 


thoroughly  immediately  after  using,  in 
which  event  it  should  last  indefinitely. 

j.  P.  STEWART. 

Penn.  Experiment  Station. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  24. 


SUCCESSFUL 
PEACH  CULTURE 

Is  50  per  cent.  tree.  Which 
means  that  you  must  have  strong, 
vigorous  trees  to  start  with.  No 
use  putting  time,  fertilizer  and  care 
into  a  poor  tree. 

Harrison’s  Trees  are  strong, 
healthy  and  full  of  life.  In  our 
nursery  the  trees  have  the  advantage 
of  2  month’s  extra  growth  on  soil 
made  rich  by  clover  and  cow  peas. 

This  lets  them  mature  and  they 
start  full  of  vigor  and  life.  Plant 
such  a  tree  and  give  it  a  fair  chance 
and  it  will  take  care  of  you.  All 
varieties — early  and  late.  Send  for 
our  catalogue.  “It’s  a  Peach.” 
HARRISON’S  NURSERIES, Boxl5, Berlin, Md. 


TO  TREE 
SURGEONS 


You  will  soon  be  busy  operating. 
Have  you  modern  up-to-date  in¬ 
struments,  to  do  fast,  easy  and  per¬ 
fect  work  and  save  time  and  money? 
If  not,  investigate.  Our  Kansas 
Pruning  Knife  Improved  is  auto¬ 
matic — no  hand  levers  to  bother. 

Our  llajipj  Thought  Knife  for  light  work  has 
pump-gun  action  which  means  something. 
Illustrated  circulars  for  the  asking . 

INTERNATIONAL  TOOL  CO. 

49-51  Porter  Street,  DETROIT,  MICH. 


Spray  Boilers 


Boil  spray  mixtures  with  the 
Farmers’  Favorite  Boiler  and 
Cooker.  Large  capacity,  practical 
and  economical.  Also  useful  to 
cook  stock  and  poultry  feed,  boil 
sap,  render  lard,  cook  scrapple  and 
sterilize  milk  cans.  Burns  wood. 
Costs  little.  Wears  long.  Send  for 
special  sale  list  and  save  money. 

MFG.  C0-,  Box  C.  Cortland.  N.  Y. 


Use  a  pump  that  lasts 
and  drives  the  spray 
mixture  home. 

larnes  All-Brass  Perfection 
Bucket  Spray  Pump 

|  is  the  best  made  for  efficient  work. 

Made  of  seamless  brass  xi  o  _ 

threads.  Kasily  taken  apart.  Price,  (Including 

5- ft.  rubber  hose  and  2  nozzles)  Only  $3.00. 

Barnes  Double  Acting  Barrel  Pump 

All  brass  working  parts  in  contact  with  liquid.  Throws  liquid 
wlth  immense  force;  one  stroke  of  handle  sustains  Spray  «  minutes 
lid  over.  A  marvel  among  high  grade  sprayers.  Complete  with 

6- fk  hose  and  Vermorel  nozzle,  |9.00.  With  two  leads  hose  and 

V °m ake^ v cr ’six? e ty "lea  and  sizes  of  pumps.  Write  for  FREE 
catalog. 

BARNES  MFG.  CO.,  Dept.22,  Mansfield,  Ohio 


The  DEYO  POWER  SPRAYER 


(KESTUNE  MFC.  CO., 


Triple  Your 
Fruit  Crop 

You  Can  Do  It  by 
Spraying 

Government  Tests  have  proven 
ed  trees  only  produce 
salable 


af- 

RESTLINE 

Double  Acting 

Spray  Pump 

—the  barrel  pattern.  It  makes 
the  work  easy,  is  the  most  sim¬ 
ple  to  operate,  and  produces  a 
constant,  uniform  spray  that  is 
most  effective.  Ix)t  us  send  you 
descriptive  circular—  free.  # 

35  Henry  St.,  Crestline,  Ohio 


BARREL  SPRAYER 

READY  TO  USE 

Can  bo  drawn  on  sled  or  wagon,  by  one  borse, 

through  orchard  or  garden. 

Pump  is  entirely  outside  ot  barrel  and  solutions, 
and  is  similar  to  the  one  on  our  Combination  r  leiu 
OrehardSprayer-100  to  125  pounds  pres¬ 
sure-one  or  two  leads  of  hose-conven- 
ient  check  valves — no  leather  packing. 

50  gallon,  horizontal  barrel— no  dan 
ger  of  upsetting  whether  empty  or 
tilled — nothing  inside  but  the  dasher. 

Ask  us  quick  for 
information  on  this 
latest  addition  to  the 


WOHM 


lino  of  F a riu  and 
Garden  Implements. 


IT  IS  UP  TO  YOU 


if  you  have  not  gotten  complete  control  of  the  dread 

San  J osc  Seal©- 


WE  KNOW  THAT 

SCALECIDE 

_  _ _  j _ T  .4  m/v  C»i  *-»  V»vi  t*  fnr  loee  TYiAnov  B.nii  lf>RS  lahOT — filX  V  GILT! 


JARVIS  SPRAYING  COMPOUND 

IS  THE  CHEAPEST  AND  BEST.  IT  HAS  NO  SUPERIOR. 

SURE  CURE  FOR  SAN  JOSE  SCALE. 

Buy  direct  from  the  manufacturer  and  save  money 
Spraying  Compound  ready  to  mix  with  water.  One 
gallon  of  Spraying  compound  will  make  from  sixteen  to 
twenty  gallons  of  spray. 

Terms:— In  bbl.  lots  (50  gal.)  30c.  per  gal. 

We  would  refer  you  to  J.  H.  Hale,  the  Peach  King,  or 
Prof.  Jarvis  of  the  Connecticut  Agricultural  College. 
They  will  tell  you  there  is  nothing  better. 

THE  J.  T.  ROBERTSON  CO.,  BOX  R,  MANCHESTER,  COHN. 

Pure  Canada  Unleached  Hardwood  Ashes 

“THE  JOYNT  BRAND” 

“THE  BEST  BY  TEST” 

Now  is  the  time  to  order  your  fertilizer  for  this 
season.  There  is  none  Better  tor  all  crops  than 
pure  wood  ashes.  My  ashes  are  all  collected  from 
house  to  house  where  wood  is  used  for  fuel. 

Write  for  Prices  Delivered  at  your  station. 

Address:  JOHN  JOYNT 

Lucknow,  Out.  Canada 

Reference  :  Bradstroets  Ageney  or  Molsons  Bank,  Lucknow 


will  do  It  more  effectively  than  Lime-Sulphur,  for  less  money  and  less  labor— six  years  of  proofs. 
PRICES: — In  barrels  and  half  barrels,  60c.  per  gallon  ;  10  gallon  cans,  $0.00;  6  gallon  cans,  $3.25 ;  1  gallon  cans,  $1.00. 
Conclusive  proofs  in  Booklets,  “ Orchard  Dividends"  and  "Modern  Methods  of  Harvesting,  Grading  and. 

Packing  Apples."  Both  free. 

If  you  want  Cheap  oils,  our  “CARBOLEINE  ”  at  30c.  per  gallon  is  the  equal  of  anything  else. 

B.  G.  PRATT  CO.,  MFG.  CHEMISTS,  50  CHURCH  ST.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


For  BIGGER  crops  and  BETTER  use 


Shipped  in  100-lb.  bags,  bandy  to  handle,  in  powder  form  ready  for  use.  No 
waste  in  slaking  and  screening  -  every  bit  available  for  distribution  by  band  or 
spreader  Delivered  in  carloads  of  20  ons  to  New  England  points  for  $8.00  to  $9.00 
per  ton,  price  varying  with  freight  rates,  or  write  to  ns  for  name  of  nearest  dealer  from 
whom  you  can  buy  any  amount. 

Lime  feeds  run-down  land.  Lime  sweetens  land  soured  by  fertilizers.  Lime 
shakes  up  clogged  soil  and  bolds  together  soil  that  is  too  loose.  The  cost  is  only  a 
fraction  of  the  extra  profit  you  will  get  by  using  it. 

Our  free  booklet,  “Liming  t  lie  Land,”  tells  about  the  when,  where  and  how  of  liming. 

ROCKLAND-ROCKPORT  LIME  CO. 

Boston,  24  Milk  St.  Koekland,  Me.  New  York,  Fifth  Ave.  Bldg. 


1911. 


PLAIN  FACTS  ABOUT  SPRAYING. 

When  and  How  to  Do  It. 

Good  Spraying  is  one  of  the  most 
necessary  things  in  the  whole  matter  of 
growing  either  good  trees  or  good  fruit, 
which  two  things  are  very  closely  con¬ 
nected.  There  is  no  question  that  a 
large  number  of  fruit  growers  all  over 
the  country  are  practically  experts  in  the 
matter  of  spraying,  but  this  generally 
apphts  to  men  who  make  fruit-growing 
their  principal  business,  and  1  believe 
the  fact  still  remains  that  many  farmers 
who  are  growing  fruit  as  a  side  line,  or 
treating  it  as  a  part  of  their  farm  opera¬ 
tions  do  not  know  many  of  the  things 
necessary  to  good  and  economic  work  in 
spraying.  It  is  with  the  thought  of 
making  the  tiling  more  clear  to  the  latter 
class  that  this  article  is  written. 

Different  Kinds. — There  are  four 
distinct  kinds  of  spraying  practiced 
more  or  less  in  this  section.  First  is 
the  generally  termed  dormant  spray 
for  various  kinds  of  scale  insects,  blister 
mite,  and  also  beneficial  for  many  other 
insects,  and  fungus  troubles.  This  is 
a  caustic  spray,  yet  can  be  used  at  al¬ 
most  any  strength  without  injury,  if 
used  before  buds  swell.  Second,  the 
contact  spray  for  the  many  kinds  of 
aphis,  pear  psylla  and  various  sucking 
insects  that  work  after  the  tree  is  in 
partial  or  full  foliage.  These  must  be 
applied  at  specific  strengths,  as  there  is 
not  a  wide  margin  between  the  killing 
of  the  insect  and  the  injury  of  the 
foliage.  Third,  the  application  of  fun¬ 
gicides  and  insecticides  combined  for 
Codling  moth,  apple-scab  and  various 
leaf-eating  insects  and  fungus  troubles. 
Fourth,  the  application  of  fungicides 
alone  for  control  of  the  rot  in  peaches, 
plums,  cherries,  grapes,  etc.  If  lime- 
sulphur  is  used  as  the  fungicide  in  the 
two  latter  cases,  there  will  need  be 
some  care  also  lest  there  be  bad  burning. 
This,  however,  is  not  necessary,  as  there 
is  quite  a  wide  margin  between  strengths 
at  which  bad  burning  occurs,  and  that 
which  will  answer  as  a  fungicide;  this  is 
especially  true  in  the  case  of  the  rot  of 
stone  fruits. 

.Absolutely  Needed. — No  matter  what 
kind  of  spray  we  are  going  to  apply, 
some  things  are  absolutely  necessary  for 
good  results  (one  of  which  I  want  to 
say  right  here  is  not  a  power  sprayer). 
Some  of  the  most  essential  things  for  a 
good  application  are  a  good,  steady  pres¬ 
sure,  plenty  of  hose,  a  good  cut-off,  a 
good  nozzle,  an  extension  rod.  For 
large  trees,  also,  a  tower  of  some  kind 
from  which  you  can  apply  the  spray 
from  above,  and  a  two-inch  nipple  and 
elbow  to  attach  to  end  of  rod.  These 
are  some  of  the  things  I  consider  neces¬ 
sary,  and  perhaps  it  would  be  well  to 
give  some  of  the  reasons  why.  Unless 
we  have  a  steady  pressure  the  man  with 
the  rod  does  not  know  what  to  depend 
on.  _  For  instance,  if  he  wants  to  reach 
a  distant  point  it  is  essential  from  an 
economical  standpoint  that  he  should 
know  whether  he  can  do  it  from  where 
he  stands  or  if  he  must  move  to  do  so. 

If  he  tries  from  where  he  is,  and  then 
finds  lie  must  move,  it  is  a  loss  of  mix¬ 
ture  and  time,  and  a  man  can  only  be 
accurate  in  this  respect  when  working 
with  a  steady  pressure.  Plenty  of  hose; 
as  far  as  my  observation  goes  there 
is  no  one  cause  of  so  much  dissatisfac¬ 
tion  in  spraying  as  lack  of  hose.  Noth¬ 
ing  will  waste  time  and  mixture  so  fast 
as  trying  to  spray  something  that  is 
just  out  of  reach,  and  beside,  there  is 
always  the  inclination  to  think  it  won’t 
do  any  harm  if  you  don’t  get  it  quite 
all,  or,  “We  will  get  it  the  next  time  we 
come  around.”  I  have  seen  intelligent 
men  trying  to  spray  large  trees  with 
10  feet  of  hose,  starting  and  stopping 
the  team  continually,  with  the  result 
that  the  outfit  was  standing  still  about 
half  the  time  and  doing  mighty  poor 
work.  Forty  feet  of  hose  costs  about  $4. 
Flow  long  does  it  take  to  lose  $4  with 
two  or  three  men  standing  still  one-half 
the  time?  Flow  much  hose  should  we 
have?  Depends  on  the  size  of  the  tree; 
enough  to  keep  the  team  and  outfit  well 
up  into  the  wind,  and  allow  the  man 
with  the  rod  to  pass  around  the  tree 
without  moving  the  team. 

A  Good  Cut-off,  Nozzle  and  Exten¬ 
sion  Rod. — The  high-priced  ones  are  not 
necessarily  the  best.  Avoid  one  with 
ground  joint,  as  they  will  drip  after 
very  little  use.  One  that  has  given  me 
most  satisfaction  is  packed  with  wicking, 
is  cheap,  and  works  fine.  Some,  too, 
although  they  never  leak,  work  too 
hard  to  be  considered  practical.  There 
is  no  reason  why  the  spray  should  not 
be  stopped  the  instant  you  have  applied 
enough,  and  that  means  a  better  job 
with  less  material ;  this  is  impossible 
without  a  good  cut-off.  I  prefer  one  of 


the  rural,  new-yorkew 


the  round  or  disk  nozzles,  in  some  cases 
one  of  these  will  deliver  as  much  mix¬ 
ture  and  in  as  good  shape  as  three  or 
four  of  some  of  the  other  styles;  they 
are  free  from  projections,  thus  passing 
easilv  in  and  out  among  the  branches 
without  catching,  and  while  the  spray  is 
broken  up  fine  yet  the  opening  is  larger 
than  in  other  styles,  .and  is  not  easily 
clogged.  One  of  these  disk  nozzles  was 
brought  out  some  few  years  ago ;  the 
fact  that  nearly  every  manufacturer  of 
spraying  equipment  to-day  in  the  coun¬ 
try  is  getting  as  close  to  this  as  possible 
without  infringement,  is  pretty  good 
evidence  of  their  popularity  and  effi¬ 
ciency.  An  extension  rod  is  something 
we  cannot  do  without;  it  increases  the 
covering  capacity  of  a  man  many  times, 
and  makes  it  easy  to  cover  work  from 
the  ground  that  could  not  he  reached 
from  a  step  ladder.  The  longer  the 
rod,  so  long  as  it  is  not  unwieldy,  the 
better  for .  large  trees;  for  small  trees 
eight  feet  is  long  enough. 

Platform  or  I  ower. — For  trees  over 
lo  to  18  feet  high  to  do  good  work  it 
will  be  necessary  to  have  a  platform  or 
tower  of  some  kind.  Where  trees  are 
not  too  high  a  cheap  and  serviceable 
one  may  be  made  of  ordinary  10-inch 
hemlock  boards,  using  same  material  for 
making  side  steps,  platform,  legs  and 
braces.  Make  much  the  same  as  a  step- 
ladder,  only  not  so  steep,  having  top 
two  boards  wide.  This  can  be  used  in 
a  wagon  box  where  a  barrel  sprayer  is 
used,  or  on  top  of  a  tank,  and  will  be 
rigid,  and  at  the  same  time  easily  re¬ 
moved,  if  you  have  a  rod  ma'de  the 
same  as  used  to  hold  the  end  board  in 
a  wagon  box,  of  proper  length  to  pass 
down  through  the  platform  of  steps  and 
bottom  of  wagon  or  top  of  tank,  using 
handle  nut  and  washer  to  tighten.  It 
will  also  be  improved  if  posts  are  fas¬ 
tened  to  the  four  corners,  waist  high 
and  a  rail  put  around  three  sides.  A 
short  nipple  and  elbow  to  attach  to  end 
of  rod,  causing  the  nozzle  to  set  and 
deliver  at  right  angles,  is  indispensable 
for  getting  under  sides  of  limbs  on  low¬ 
headed  trees.  It  is  also  fine  where  your 
rod  will  reach  over  the  top  of  a  tree,  to 
turn  the  spray  down  over  the  tree  at  a 
pressure  rather  than  throw  it  up  past 
the  tree  and  let  it  settle  back.  When 
the  wind  veers  it  does  not  always  settle 
where  we  want  it,  and  then,  too,  you  can 
spray  to  a  certain  extent  against  the 
wind  without  getting  any  on  you.  This 
with  a  straight  delivery  would  be  im¬ 
possible,  as  the  wind  would  carry  it 
right  back  over  you. 

Necessary  Rules. — And  then  there 
are  some  rules  that  must  be  generally 
observed.  Most  mixtures  must  be  kept 
constantly  and  thoroughly  agitated.  Un¬ 
less  trees  are  small,  they  must  be  gone 
over  twice  to  insure  a  good  job,  once 
with  north  wind  and  once  with  south 
wind.  It  is  not  practical  to  spray  against 
the  wind  except  on  rare  occasions.  The 
horses  should  always  be  headed  towards 
the  wind,  and  rodman  work  back  of 
wagon ;  there  is  no  need  of  or  advantage 
in  covering  the  team,  man  who  pumps 
or  outfit  with  mixture.  Never  handle 
lime-sulphur  mixture  without  greasing 
the  hands  well  with  vaseline,  and  faee 
as  well,  .  if  there  is  danger  of  getting 
any  on  it.  For  all  spraying  a  pair  of 
common  unlined  leather*  mittens,  well 
greased  with  vaseline  inside  and  out,  is 
better  than  rubber  gloves,  much  cheaper 
and  more  serviceable.  When  trees  are 
to  be  gone  over  twice  from  two  different 
directions,  heavy  winds  can  be  worked 
in  and  sometimes  to  advantage.  It  is 
not  practical,  or  at  Jeast  not  the  best 
practice,  to  spray  large  trees  for  scale 
except  there  be  wind  enough  to  carry 
the  spray  well  through  the  trees.  Where 
two  leads  of  hose  are  used,  and  large 
trees  are  being  sprayed,  generally  one 
can  work  in  the  tower  and  one  on  the 
ground  to  best  advantage.  It  is  much 
harder  to  lay  down  rules  about  the  kind 
of  sprayer  to  use.  If  we  are  to  believe 
the  manufacturers,  every  one  is  the  best. 
On  the  other  hand,  if  any  one  was  much 
superior  to  all  the  others  it  must  soon 
be  the  only  one  in  use,  so  we  are  forced 
to  the  conclusion  that  all  have  their  ad¬ 
vantage,  and  a  man  must  be  governed 
by  his  wants  and  conditions.  There  is 
no  doubt  that  with  the  other  equipment 
all  that  _  could  be  desired,  one  tree 
whether  it  be  large  or  small,  can  be  as 
well  and  more  economically  sprayed  with 
a  good  barrel  sprayer  than  with  any 
power  sprayer  made.  Every  sprayer  has 
a  given  capacity;  that  is,  one  can  be 
reasonably  sure  to  get  over  a  certain 
number  of  trees  of  any  particular  size  in 
a  specified  time.  Therefore,  the  first 
thing  to  take  into  consideration  is  “Flow 
much  capacity  is  necessary  to  go  over 
the  tree  surface  I  have  in  the  time  I  have 
to  do  the  spraying  in,”  and  then  decide 
what  is  the  cheapest  way  to  get  it. 
Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y.  wm.  hotaling. 

(  To  be  continued ) 


277 


M  » 


-  . 


Man-Power  POTATO  and  ORCHARD  SPRAYER 


Sprays  anything— everything. 
Potatoes,  truck,  etc.,  4  rozvs  at  a 
time.  Also  first-class  tree  and 
vineyard  sprayer.  Develops  high 
pressure  and  is  easy  to  operate. 

Cheap  in  price,  light,  strong 
and  durable.  Has  26  inch  zvheel 
•with  3  inch  wide  tire,  makes  it 
easy  to  push  along.  The  1 0  gal¬ 
lon  tank  is  made  of  heavy  gal¬ 
vanized  iron,  coated  on  inside 
with  acid-proof  enamel— will  last 
10  to  12  years. 

Spray  arms  adjustable  to  any 
width  or  height  of  row.  Can  be 
thrown  straight  up  or  at  an  angle 
for  spraying  vineyards,  berries, 
etc.  Equipped  with  Hurst  im¬ 
proved  vermorel  nozzles.  Han¬ 
dles  all  solutions. 


In  field  spraying  the  machine 
generates  its  pressure  automati¬ 
cally  as  you  push  it  along,  and  in 
orchard  spraying  you  operate  the 
pump  by  hand  the  same  as  a  bar¬ 
rel  sprayer.  Easily  changed  for 
either  work  in  five  minutes.  No 
wrench  required  to  do  it.  No 
leather  or  rubber  about  this 
pump  to  cause  you  trouble.  Brass 
ball  valves,  plunger,  strainer, 
etc. 

Warranted  for  five  years. 
Shipped  “ on  trial”  without  a  cent 
in  advance.  Special  free  sprayer 
offer  for  first  in  each  locality  this 
season,  (See  below. )  Write 
to-day  —  be  the  first  and  save 
money. 


Our  Free  Trial  Offer  is  Genuine 

No  money  in  advance- -no  bank  deposit  or  other 
scheme  which  in  effect  does  make  you  pay  in  ad¬ 
vance.  FREE,  F  -  R  -  double  -  E.  That  is  our  offer. 
Get  your  Sprayer  now  and  wait  if  you  wish  until  after 
it  has  paid  for  itself  to  pay  us.  This  genuine  free 
trial  offer  applies  to  any  Sprayer  we  make.  You  try 
it  for  ten  days,  then  after  you  buy  you  can  pay  us 
cash  or  we’ll  wait  till  you  sell  your  crop,  then  you  can 
pay  us  out  of  the  ‘"extra  profit.”  We  pay  freight . 
Wholesale  dealers *  prices. 


Horse- Power  POTATO  and 
ORCHARD  Sprayer 


Fitz-All  Barrel  Sprayer 


For  big  grow¬ 
ers.  Most 
powerful  ma¬ 
chine  made. 
60  to  100  gal¬ 
lon  tank  for 


one  o  r 
horses. 


two 

Steel 


axle.  One-piece-heavy-angle-iron  frame, 
cypress  wood  tank  with  adjustable  round 
iron  hoops.  Metal  wheels.  Adjustable 
spray  arms 
and  nozzles. 

Brass  ball- 
valves,  plun¬ 
ger,  strainer, 
etc.  Big  pump 
gives  vapor 
spray.  War¬ 
ranted  for  5  years.  Try  this  machine 
at  our  expense  with  “ your  money  in 
your  pocket .  ”  See  free  offer.  Write 
to-day. 

4-Wheel  Traction  Orchard  Sprayer 

For  extensive  orchards.  Power¬ 
ful  as  a  gasoline  engine  sprayer, 
but  costs  much  less,  and  is  so 
simple  anyone  can  operate  it  with¬ 
out  trouble.  Short  turn  gear, 
steel  frame,  wheels,  axles,  etc., 
200  gallon  solution  tank  and  30 
gallon  galvanized  steel  compression 
tank.  Double  cylinder  pump 
with  brass  ball  valves  and  brass 
working  parts.  Perfect  agitation. 
Five-year  guarantee  and  ten  days 

free  trial 
Write 


to-day 
for  full 
descrip¬ 
tion  and 
whole- 
s  a  1  e 
p  rice. 


Fits  any  barrel 
or  tank.  High 
pressure,  per¬ 
fect  agitation, 
easy  to  operate. 
Brass  b  a  1 1  - 
valves, plunger, 
strainer,  etc.  Automatic  strainer 
cleaner.  No  “ cup  leathers  or  rub¬ 
ber ■”  about  any  of  our 
sprayers.  Furnished 
plain,  mounted  on  barrel, 
or  on  wheels  as  shown. 

5-yr.  guarantee.  It  doesn't 
costyou  “ a  cent”  to  try  it  in 
your  orchard.  Get  one  free. 

See  below.  Write  to-d&y. 

How  to  Get  a  SPRAYER  FREE 

Write  us  for  particulars  of  our  new 
plan  to  give  you  a  Sprayer,  free.  No  solic¬ 
iting,  bother,  expense,  or  even  a  moment’s 
time  required  from  your  work.  Just  a 
little  good  nature  on  your  part.  Under  this 
plan  you  can  get  every  cent  of  tlie  money 
hack  that  you  have  paid  us,  no  matter 
whether  you  have  bought  our  largest  and 
most  expensive  Sprayer  or  one  of  our  low- 
priced  sizes.  We  attend  to  the  correspond¬ 
ence  and  selling.  Many  of  our  customers 
have  paid  in  full  in  this  way  for  their 
.Sprayers.  There  is  no  reason  why  you 
should  not  do  the  same.  Owing  to  the  ex¬ 
treme  liberality  of  this  offer,  we  are  com¬ 
pelled  to  limit  it  to  the  first  order  we  re¬ 
ceive  in  each  locality.  Therefore,  don’t  you 
delay.  Be  the  first  to  write,  so  that  you 
can  be  the  first  to  order.  Send  us  the  cou 
pon  below  or  write  us  a  postal  card  to-day* 

COUPON-fiii  Out  and  send  to-day 

H.  L.  HURST  MFG.  CO., 

281(5  North  St.,  Canton,  Ohio. 

Send  me  your  Catalog,  Spraying  Guide, 
and  “special  offer”  on  the  sprayer  marked 
with  an  X  below. 

.Man-Power  Potato  and  Orchard  Sprayer 
Horse-Power  Potato  and  Orchard  Sprayer 
Fitz-All  Barrel  Sprayer 
.  4-Wheel  Traction  Orchard  Sprayer 


Name. 


Address. 


HX.  HURST  MFG.CO.,2816  North  St.,  Canton,  Ohio 


278 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Hope  Farm  Notes 

FLORIDA  NOTES.  No.  4. 

It  is  not  generally  known  that  Florida 
increased  over  50  per  cent  in  population 
during  the  past  10  years.  The  State  lanks 
near  the  top  in  this  respect,  and  a  good 
proportion  of  this  increase  is  located  in 
city  and  town.  It  is  doubtful  if  Florida 
will  ever  take  rank  as  a  manufacturing 
State.  There  are  few  if  any  minerals,  and 
not  a  river,  I  think,  that  can  provide  water 
power.  Of  course  the  lumber  and  turpen¬ 
tine  interests  are  large,  but  in  the  nature 
of  the  case  these  cannot  he  permanent. 
"Climate”  and  farm  products  are  to  be  the 
assets  of  the  future,  and  they  are  both  as 
valuable  as  most  other  States  can  show. 
There  can  be  no  question  about  the  de¬ 
lights  of  Florida  during  the  four  "mean” 
Winter  months.  It  seems  natural  to  con¬ 
clude  that  as  wealth  accumulates  in  the 
North  more  and  more  people  will  spend  a 
few  weeks  or  months  in  the  South.  Of 
course  houses  in  the  cold  country  are  now 
made  so  comfortable  that  one  can  live  in 
“canned  sunshine”  nearly  to  the  limit  of 
civilization  beyond  the  St.  Lawrence,  but 
this  is  never  like  the  real  article,  and 
thousands  will  come  each  year  to  enjoy  the 
sun.  There  is  the  first  opportunity  for 
Florida  people  as  I  can  see  it. 

The  State  of  Maine  has  gained  untold 
wealth  by  entertaining  Summer  boarders. 
Just  as  people  move  away  from  the  stove 
when  it  gets  too  hot,  thousands  of  them 
hurry  to  Maine  during  July  and  August. 
They  carry  a  good-sized  appetite  and  the 
price  for  satisfying  it  along  with  them.  The 
Maine  farmers  get  after  that  price  by  pro¬ 
viding  fish,  meat,  eggs,  fruit  or  vegetables. 

It  is  the  finest  sort  of  market,  and  they 
have  captured  a  large  share  of  it.  The  cool 
breeze  blowing  over  Maine  is  not  as  good 
an  asset  as  the  warm  Winter  sun  shining 
upon  Florida.  Thousands  of  people  come 
here,  and  more  will  come  when  they  realize 
that  there  are  places  to  stop  other  than 
high-priced  and  fashionable  hotels.  What 
I  mean  by  the  business  of  “climate”  is 
housing  and  feeding  these  people.  At  pres¬ 
ent  they  are  largely  fed  upon  imported  food. 

Our  folks  have  had  a  few  boarders 
through  the  Winter.  Most  of  them  were 
strangers,  but  they  all  seemed  to  pick  up 
the  spirit  of  this  happy  land.  One  man 
came  down  for  a  fishing  trip,  lie  was  away 
all  day  on  the  lake,  providing  his  own 
lunch,  and  brought  back  all  his  fish  to  be 
cooked  for  the  family.  That  comes  close  to 
what  you  might  call  a  model  boarder. 
Others  came  down  to  rest  and  look  up 
property,  and  in  a  few  hours  they  were  out 
helping  the  boys  split  wood.  Not  all 

Florida  tourists  are  like  this,  as  you  may 
easily  see  by  watching  the  people  at  fash¬ 
ionable  hotels  order  the  servants  around 
and  find  fault  with  the  food.  Splitting  wood 
or  work  over  the  wash  tub  is  what  such 
people  need,  but  there  is  no  law  to  compel 
them  to  work  when  they  have  the  money. 
The  hotel  keeper  has  no  time  to  ask  where 
the  money  comes  from — he  says  nothing, 
but  puts  his  price  up  to  the  limit.  Many 
of  the  smaller  boarding  houses  give  far 
better  entertainment.  I  think  they  will 
multiply  and  take  advantage  of  “climate.” 

When  it  comes  to  feeding  the  army  of 
sunshine  seekers  the  Florida  people  seem 
to  me  like  a  man  stamping  with  cowhide 
boots  on  the  face  of  good  opportunity.  One 
man  told  me  how  he  traveled  through  the 
State  before  the  freeze  and  saw  good-sized  ' 
houses  each  with  a  pile  of  tin  cans  as 
large;  as  the  barn.  That  is  a  good-sized 
statement,  but  it  carries  a  great  truth.  Go 
and  look  these  cans  over  and  you  would 
find  that  the  vegetables  and  fruit  which 
they  once  contained  were  packed  in  Maine, 
Michigan  or  California.  The  entire  country 
had  contributed,  and  the  middlemen  had 
played  their  holdup  to  feed  the  Florida 
orange  growers.  When  the  freeze  suddenly 
came  it  found  people  gambling  in  oranges 
and  sending  money  1,000  miles  or  more 
away  to  purchase  food — every  bit  of  which, 
except  a  few  things  like  flour  and  certain 
groceries,  could  have  been  grown  on  their 
own  soil.  I  think  it  was  this  vital  food 
mistake  which  led  to  the  abandonment  of 
many  of  those  fine  places.  Ilad  the  owners 
learned  to  feed  themselves  they  could  have 
remained  here,  cut  out  the  oranges  and 
grown  other  things.  I  know  one  case  where 
a  place  of  six  acres  of  good  land  and  a 
house  that  could  not  be  built  now  for  less 
than  $1800  was  transferred  for  .$400,  with 
only  half  that  cash.  These  and  similar 
things  which  involved  fearful  losses  were 
brought  about  by  the  old,  insane  Florida 
idea  of  feeding  and  clothing  the  people  out 
of  Northern  canning  factories  and  sweat 
shops.  That  has  always  been  the  curse  of 
Florida.  The  old  Spaniards  did  not  at¬ 
tempt  to  raise  any  food.  They  lived  in 
their  castle  at  St.  Augustine  and  bought 
food  from  Spain,  or  stole  it  as  pirates. 
They  could  not  hold  the  country  because 
they  did  not  root  in  the  soil  as  farmers 
and  freeholders,  but  were  little  more  than 
cut-throats  and  hold-up  men.  Some  of 


tlmse  tourists  who  go  there  now  feel  that 
the  hotel  keepers  are  as  good  hold-up  men 
as  ever  were  started.  Of  course  I  feel  like 
exempting  our  own  boarding  house !  The 
fact  is,  however,  that  Florida  development 
has  gone  wrong  in  the  scheme  of  feeding 
her  people  at  long  range. 

Hold  up  a  man  of  moderate  means  in 
Florida  and  analyze  what  he  has  on.  His 
shoes  come  from  Massachusetts,  his  hat 
from  Connecticut,  his  shirt  from  Illinois, 
his  coat  from  New  York,  his  stockings  from 
Rhode  Island,  and  his  belt  probably  from 
Ohio.  He  is  going  home  with  supplies 
bought  at  the  village  store.  A  piece  of 
bacon  from  Chicago,  a  broom  from  Penn¬ 
sylvania,  a  can  of  condensed  milk  from 
Wisconsin,  a  can  of  sweet  corn  from  Maine, 
flour  from  Minnesota,  sugar  from  Germany, 
and  representatives  from  several  other 
States.  He  is  riding  in  a  wagon  from  In¬ 
diana,  the  whip  from  New  Hampshire,  the 
harness  from  New  York.  lie  came  from 
Michigan  because  ho  could  not  stand  the 
hard  Winters,  and  hi?  wife  perhaps  came 
from  Kansas.  It  is  an  even  chance  that 
the  mule  is  native  born.  Our  folks  pay  ”0 
cents  a  pound  for  a  very  inferior  bacon. 

It  comes  out  of  the  packages  thick  with 
mold.  There  are  few  better  sections  for 
hog  raising  than  north  Florida.  Over  in 
Marion  Co.  my  friend  S.  II.  Gaitskill  tells 
me  that  he  sold  seven  tons  or  more  of 
pork  at  .$140  per  ton  live  weight.  Such 
hogs  run  practically  all  the  year  on  green 
pasture.  We  are  supposed  to  get  potatoes 
at  a  wholesale  rate.  This  means  $2.50  for 
a  sack  weighing  about  140  pounds.  This 
means  nearly  $1.10  per  bushel.  These ‘po¬ 
tatoes  were  evidently  shipped  direct  to 
Jacksonville  from  Maine  by  water,  and  the 
original  grower  got  80  to  35  cents.  In  the 
town  where  I  bought  my  cow  I  went  to 
get*  some  groceries.  Among  other  things 
our  folks  wanted  two  quarts  of  split  peas. 
The  grocer  did  not  have  them,  but  he  gave 
our  boy  a  quarter  to  go  out  to  another 
store  and  buy  them.  The  boy  did  all  the 
work,  bought  the  peas  and  carried  them  to 
the  store,  and  my  genial  friend  the  store¬ 
keeper  cheerfully  put  30  cents  on  my  bill— 
as  his  profit  of  20  per  cent!  I  am  told 
that  75  per  cent  of  the  butter,  cream,  milk, 
chickens,  eggs  and  meat  used  in  the  Florida 
hotels  and  boarding  houses  is  brought  from 
the  North. 

Now  all  this  suggests  what  Florida  peo¬ 
ple  could  do  to  utilize  their  assets  of  “cli¬ 
mate.”  The  population  of  town  and  city 
seems  sure  to  increase.  Some  of  the  Florida 
people  think  the  Panama  Canal  will  help 
the  State.  I  cannot  see  how ;  in  fact  1 
think  the  entire  South  will  be  disappointed 
in  the  effect  of  that  canal  upon  its  trade. 
There  can  be  no  doubt,  however,  that 
Florida  is  coming  steadily  and  surely.  It 
will  be  an  agricultural  State  with  one  of 
the  greatest  Winter  markets  in  the  world. 
These  Summer  boarders  in  Maine  bring  vast 
sums  of  money  into  tin1  State.  If  the  farm¬ 
ers  did  not  stir  themselves  this  money 
would  all  pass  away  from  the  State  once 
more — back  to  the  middlemen  and  storage 
men  in  Boston  and  New  York.  The  farm¬ 
ers  get  their  share  of  it  by  providing  just 
what  these  boarders  demand.  That  is  one 
chief  reason  why  Maine  is  known  as  the 
"Contented  State,"  with  probably,  more 
money  per  capita  invested  in  safe  securi¬ 
ties  than  any  other  farm  State  in  the 
Union.  Yet  Maine  never  had  any  such  op¬ 
portunity  as  Florida  has  in  long  growing 
season  and  in  the  princely  expenditure  of 
people  who  come  to  enjoy  “climate.” 

As  you  know,  1  have  stated  that  orange 
*  growing  north  of  Tampa  is  a  gamble.  Some 
Florida  people  protest  against  that,  but  I 
still  believe  it  is  true.  It  seems  to  me 
that  this  hanging  to  the  old  idea  that 
north  Florida  is  a  safe  place  to  plant 
orange  trees  has  hurt  the  State  by  pre¬ 
venting  the  careful  study  of  other  crops.  I 
have  got  to  the  point  where  I  would  not 
plant  an  orange  tree  anywhere.  I  think 
the  business  is  being  overdone  as  judged  by 
what  we  see  in  the  northern  markets. 
North  Florida  as  I  see  it  will  do  far  bet¬ 
ter  to  let  the  oranges  go  and  provide  the 
vegetables  and  canned  goods,  the  meat  and 
the  milk,  which  is  now  being  brought  into 
the  State  from  the  North. 

Now  I  would  not  willingly  start  any 
Florida  “boom”  or  get  anyone  excited  over 
the  prospect.  For  the  young  and  energetic 
I  think  there  are  even  better  opportunities 
in  New  England  or  along  the  hills  down 
through  New  York,  Pennsylvania  and  the 
Virginias.  That  is  the  latitude  in  which 
the  great,  strong  work  of  this  continent  is 
to  be  done.  Anyone  who  reads  history  must 
know  that  while  tin*  warm  country  civiliza¬ 
tion  makes  its  mark  upon  the  world,  the 
really  enduring  things  come  out  of  the  cold. 
As  a  Winter  home  Florida  has  few  su¬ 
periors.  I  have  not  been  there  in  Summer, 
people  here  tell  me  that  they  suffer 
during  August  in  most  parts  of  the 


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The  Iron  Age  Potato  Planter,  Cultivator,  Sprayer  and  Digger  make  music 
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XL 


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but 

more  _ „ 

North  than  they  do  here.  I  think  the  host 
opportunities  in  the  State  are  for  those 
who  suffer  from  cold  or  other  infirmities 
which  this  climate  will  relieve.  As  for  a 
strong  man  coming  here  as  a  pioneer  as 
he  would  go  West  or  North  into  a  wilder¬ 
ness,  1  would  not  advise  him  to  try  it. 
But  in  order  to  get  a  fair  idea  of  it  let  us 
see  just  what  a  man  would  come  to  if  he 
struck  this  part  of  Putnam  County  right 
now.  H.  c. 


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1911. 


Ruralisms 

THE  CASABA  MELON. 

Many  fruit  lovers  there  are  who  re¬ 
gard  a  prime  muskmelon  as  about  the 
acme  of  horticultural  excellence.  The 
small-fruited  varieties  of  the  Rocky  Ford 
and  Emerald  Gem  types  so  commonly 
grown  in  this  country  leave,  when  at 
their  best,  little  to  be  desired  in  the  way 
of  flavor,  appearance  and  aroma,  but 
there  is  always  demand  for  greater  size 
if  it  can  be  had  without  serious  sacrifice 
of  other  good  qualities.  None  of  our 
eastern  varieties  quite  fills  the  void,  but 
there  has  long  been  cultivated  in  the  hot 
interior  valleys  of  California  a  strain 
of  Persian  melons  under  the  group  name 
of  Casaba  that  unites  high  quality  with 
imposing  size.  Casabas  have  been  grown 
for  the  past  40  years,  as  the  best  of 
many  varieties  of  Asiatic  melons  dis¬ 
tributed  by  the  U.  S.  Commissioner  of 
Agriculture  soon  after  the  close  of  the 
Civil  War,  and  have  become  so  popular 
throughout  California  as  to  largely  dis¬ 
place  for  home  use  other  types  of  musk- 
melons.  According  to  old  growers  the 
original  form  has  been  lost,  but  its  ex¬ 
cellencies  largely  survive  in  the  varie¬ 
ties  known  as  Bidwell  and  Los  Angeles 
Casabas,  vigorous  growers,  producing  in 
the  deep  soils  and  under  the  hot,  bright 
skies  of  the  Sacramento  and  San 
Joaquin  valleys  melons  of  truly  delicious 
quality,  running  from  eight  to  24  pounds 
in  weight.  The  flesh  in  good  specimens 
is  creamy  white,  quite  two  inches  in 
thickness,  juicy  and  crystalline  in  tex¬ 
ture,  extremely  sweet,  but  with  a  capti¬ 
vating  flavor  all  its  own.  Externally, 
they  are  dark,  rugged,  devoid  of  netting 
and  not  especially  attractive.  There  is 
also  less  fragrance  than  is  associated 
with  the  smaller  kinds  of  melon,  but 
this  by  manv  is  regarded  as  an  ad¬ 
vantage.  When  Casabas  are  available, 
from  August  until  November,  there  is 
little  demand  for  other  sorts.  The 
Rocky  Ford  and  other  good  little  kinds 
have  their  innings  in  early  Summer,  but 
are  forced  to  make  way  for  the  lordly 
Casabas  as  soon  as  the  latter  ripen. 
These  fine  melons,  much  reduced  por¬ 
traits  of  which  are  given  on  page  259, 
retail  locally  for  10  to  20  cents  each, 
but  on  account  of  poor  carrying  quality 
are  now  rarely  shipped  to  distant  mar¬ 
kets,  though  the  nearly-related  hard- 
fleshed  Winter  or  Pineapple  melons  of 
the  Pacific  coast  are  occasionally  sent 
East  in  small  quantity  for  the  Winter 
holiday  market. 

These  Western  Casabas  evidently  be¬ 
long  to  the  true  cantaloupe  type  of 
muskmelons,  Cucumis  Melo,  var.  Can- 
talupensis,  and  have  little  affinity  with  the 
soft-rinded  melons  usually  listed  as  can¬ 
taloupes  by  seedsmen.  True  cantaloupes, 
as  a  tribe,  are  of  exceedingly  vigorous 
growth,  with  large  dark  foliage,  borne 
on  stems  or  petioles  long  enough  to 
shelter  the  young  fruits  from  the  burn¬ 
ing  sunshine,  in  which  the  plant,  as  a 
whole,  delights.  The  vines  are  long  and 
stout  and  the  root  system  deeply  spread¬ 
ing,  adapting  the  plant  for  hot  dry  and 
semi-arid  soils  on  which  only  the  fruits 
reach  perfection.  The  pistillate  or  fe¬ 
male  blooms,  moreover,  are  generally 
provided  with  fertile  stamens — a  rare 
feature  indeed  in  the  melon  family — 
which  tends  to  maintain  the  fixity  of 
type  by  greatly  lessening  the  chances  of 
crossing  with  other  races.  The  fruits 
as  a  rule  are  large,  there  is  little  netting, 
and  the  rind  is  much  harder  than  in 
the  melons  of  the  widely  grown  nutmeg 
or  Reticulatus  section  we  are  all  famil¬ 
iar  with.  There  is  rarely  separation  of 
the  stem  when  ripe.  Maturity  can  only 
be  judged  by  the  development  of  slight 
aroma  or  more  particularly  by  softening 
of  the  rind  at  blossom  end,  evident  on 
pressure,  as  there  is  no  great  change  of 
color  as  maturity  progresses.  There  are 
endless  varieties  known,  cultivated  ex¬ 
tensively  from  the  earliest  times  in  the 
hotter  and  more  arid  sections  of  cen¬ 
tral  Asia,  northern  Africa  and  southern 
Europe.  But  few  true  cantaloupes  have 
found  lodgment  in  America,  notwith¬ 
standing  the  name  is  grossly  misapplied 
for  commercial  purposes.  Persia  may 
be  regarded  as  headquarters  for  canta¬ 
loupe  melons,  as  they  are  immensely 
popular  in  that  portion  of  the  Orient, 
and  are  said  by  travelers  to  be  there 
grown  in  greatest  perfection,  yet  of  the 
many  Persian  varieties  imported  only 
the  kinds  now  known  in  California  as 
Casaba  appear  to  have  really  pleased 
our  people,  and  they  are  certainly  good 
enough  to.  stand  by.  Most  cantaloupes 
have  peculiar  and  even  unpleasant  flavors 
from  the  Occidental  standpoint,  but  the 
Pacific  Casabas  rarely  fail  to  please 
•y  melon  connoisseurs  in  this  respect.  As 


THE  RURAL*  NBC  w- YORKER 


Casabas  require  at  least  100  days  of  hot, 
cloudless  sunshine  for  their  perfect  de¬ 
velopment,  it  is  not  likely  they  can  be 
well  grown  under  the  duller  skies  and 
in  the  humid  air  of  our  Gulf  States,  no 
matter  how  high  the  temperature  may 
run.  In  the  deep  western  soils  with 
good  capillary  movement  of  soil  mois¬ 
ture  they  can  be  grown  without  irriga¬ 
tion,  but,  as  a  rule,  the  judicious  appli¬ 
cation  of  water  during  the  growing  sea¬ 
son  greatly  increases  the  yield  without 
harming  the  quality.  The  plants  are  sub¬ 
ject  to  wilt  disease  and  other  melon 
troubles  if  repeatedly  grown  on  the  same 
soil,  so  it  is  usual  to  select  new  ground 
yearly,  choosing,  where  available,  the 
deepest  sandy  loams.  Under  favorable 
conditions  the  yield  is  good,  two  or 
three  of  the  great  luscious  fruits  matur¬ 
ing  on  each  plant,  but  considerable  space 
is  needed,  the  hills  being  usually  placed 
not  less  than  eight  feet  apart.  At  local 
prices  good  Casabas  probably  return 
grower  and  consumer  mutually  as  great 
satisfaction  as  any  western  horticultural 
product. 

California  Casabas  have  split  into  va¬ 
rieties  having  local  excellencies  as  well 
as  different  seasons  of  ripening.  They 
are  usually  called  hybrids,  but  to  the 
writer  they  appear  merely  cultural  va¬ 
riations.  1  hese  Casabas,  in  common 
with  others  of  the  true  cantaloupe  sec¬ 
tion,  have  so  little  in  common  with  the 
soft-rinded  melons  that  only  one  rather 
doubtful  cross  was  secured  last  year  out 
of  100  careful  pollinations  between  the 
Bidwell  and  Los  Angeles  varieties  and 
many  of  our  best  commercial  musk¬ 
melons  of  the  familiar  type.  The  pecu¬ 
liarity  of  producing  bi-sexual  or  perfect 
blooms  and  the  manifest  dislike  to  hy¬ 
bridization  with  other  muskmelon  races 
goes  far  to  maintain  fixity  of  character. 
These  fine  varieties  should  be  tried  in 
many  portions  of  the  country  where  they 
are  now  unknown,  though  there  is  no 
great  hope  of  getting  good  results  except 
under  the  narrow  conditions  mentioned. 
Seeds  may  be  had  from  all  California 
seed  dealers. 

The  Casaba  muskmelon  of  eastern 
seed  catalogues,  said  to  have  been  one 
of  the  parents  of  the  esteemed  Miller 
Cream  variety,  bears  good-sized,  long, 
netted  fruits  with  green  flesh  of  gener¬ 
ally  good  quality.  It  plainly  belongs, 
however,  to  the  Reticulatus  or  soft- 
rinded  section,  and  is  well  adapted  to 
the  ordinary  cultural  conditions  of  the 
Eastern  States.  The  name  of  Casaba  is 
taken  from  a  rather  mythical  locality  in 
Asia  Minor  where  melons  are  said  to 
thrive  exceptionally  well.  It  is  unfor¬ 
tunate  that  this  designation  should  be 
applied  to  such  different  varieties. 

w.  v.  F. 

HAYES’  SPRAYING  TOWER 

Doe s  your  spraying  for  you. 

Reaches  highest  branches  with  ease. 

R  boy  ten  years  old  can  operate  it. 

No  climbing.  No  wet  clothes,  no  drip,  no  drag¬ 
ging  of  hose,  no  burned  skin,  no  holding  extension 
pipo,  no  aching  arms,  You  can  spray  a  whole 
orchard  without  getting  off  the  wagon. 

Send  me  your  address  on  a  postal.  I  want  to 
tell  you  more  about  it. 

F.  G.  HAVES,  Sharon ,  Pa. 


279 


a  substitute; 

For  Bordeaux  Mixture 

10-gal.  keg  ranking 2  000  to  5.000  gals,  spray,  delivered 
at  any  It  K.  station  ii.  the  United  States  for  912.50. 
1  rompt  shipments.  Every  grower  ot  fruits  and  vege¬ 
tables  should  have  our  Report  of  wonderful  results  1910. 

B.  G.  PRATT  CO.,M*ctiS,r:°‘ 

50  CHURCH  ST..  NEW  YORK  CITY 


>Spray  with  the  Comet 
for  Surest  Results 


$3.50 


Comet  Sprayers  are  Easiest  to  Operate 

Simplest  in  construction— foot  Rest  is  at¬ 
tached  or  detached  instantly— Have  complete 
and  Brass  Screen  which  prevent 
clogging  of  pump.  This  double  acting  spray  throws 
a  continuous  stream  60  feet  or  spray  tineas  a  mist, 
lhetruit  saved  from  a  choice  tree  will  more  than 
pay  for  it.  You  need  It  for  your  orchard,  vines, 
lawns  and  plants.  Very  durable— all  brass.  Weighs 
only  6  pounds.  Thousands  of  fruit  growers  and 
farmers  have  proved  it  a  success.  Just  try  It  for 

nrmlwivw.  linn  IA  t  rp  j 


- —  — •  *  I  Iiiimumuuu  UiiUU L  II11S 

superior  sprayer  now.  Get  after  the  tree  and  plant 
pests  early  and  make  more  money. 

^  H.  B.  RUSLER  MFG.  CO. 

Dept-  6  JOHNSTOWN,  OHIO 


DO  YOU  NEED  PAINT? 

LtT  ME  SEND  YOU  MY  PAINT  BOOK.  It  will  tell  you  all  you  want 
to  know  about  paint  and  painting.  The  best  paint  is  the  cheapest  paint. 

make  the  best  paint.  INGERSOLL’S  PAINT  has  been  made  for  69  years. 
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oughly  combined  by  machinery — you  cannot  make  GOOD  PAINT  'with  a 
stick  by  hand-mixing.  Other  paints  are  sold  by  dealers  or  supply  houses. 
This  method  requires  salary  and  expenses  of  traveling  salesmen  and  profits 
for  jobbers  and  retailers.  These  extra  expenses  and  numerous  profits  YOU 
MUST  PAY  when  you  buy  the  paint.  If  the  price  is  low  the  measure  is 
short  or  the  quality  poor — usually  both. 

I  Can  Save  You  One-Half  Your 

Paint  Bills 

One-half  the  price  you  pay  the  retailer  represents  the  factory  cost  of 
the  paint.  The  other  half  is  required  for  middlemen’s  profits  and  expenses. 
Our  paint  is  shipped  fresh  from  the  factory  direct  to  you.  You  pay  simply 
the  factory  price.  You  pay  no  salesman;  no  hotel  bills;  and  no  middlemen 
of  any  kind.  The  dealer  or  supply  house  may  offer  you  a  paint  at  our  price; 
but  THEY  CANNOT  GIVE  YOU  OUR  QUALITY  OF  PAINT  AT  OUR 
PRICE.  They  must  add  the  cost  of  their  expensive  method  of  selling  and 
middlemen’s  profits;  IF  they  give  you  the  In’gersoll  QUALITY  of  paint  the 
cost  will  be  DOUBLE  OUR  PRICE. 

Don't  Use  Cheap  Paint 

offered  by  dealers  and  supply  houses.  They  may  save  you  a  little  on  first 
cost,  but  no  more  labor  is  required  to  paint  your  buildings  with  INGER- 
SOLL  PAINT  than  with  inferior  store  paint.  Poor  paint  always  makes  a 
building  look  shabby  in  six  months  or  a  year,  and  is  sure  to  make  you 
regret  the  little  saving  in  the  first  cost  of  the  material.  INGERSOLL 
PAINTS  will  give  you  long  years  of  satisfactory  service  and  LOOK  WELL 
ALL  THE  TIME. 

Ingersoll  Mixed  Paints 

have  held  the  official  endorsement  of  the 
Grange  for  37  years 

We  can  refer  you  to  pleased  customers  in  your  own  neighborhood. 

We  make  it  easy  for  you  to  buy  paint  direct  from  the  mill.  The  book 
will  tell  you  the  quantity  needed.  The  order  will  reach  us  over  night,  and 
the  paint  will  be  on  the  way  to  you  in  twenty-four  hours.  Let  me  send 
you  my  FREE  DELIVERY  PLAN.  Send  your  address  for  a  beautiful  set 
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IF  YOU  WANT  PAINT,  WRITE  ME.  DO  IT  NOW.  I  CAN  SAVE  YOU 

MONEY. 

O.  W.  Ingersoll,  Prop. 


NO.  248  PLYMOUTH  STREET, 


BROOKLYN,  NEW  YORK. 


The  Holden  Lightning  Tree  Trimmer 

Strong,  keen  blade,  driven  by  sliding  hammer.  Length  of  staff  easily  adjusted  to  reach 
any  part  of  tree.  Cuts  from  under  side  of  limb.  No  stubs,  no  bruising  or  stripping 
down  of  bark,  no  ladders  required.  Light,  rapid,  always  ready;  can’t  wear  out  Only 
tree  trimmer  ever  invented  that  cuts  as  nature  demands.  Send  today  for  descriptive 
circular  and  price.  AGENTS  WANTED.  y 

SPRINGFIELD,  OHIO. 


J.  W.  HOLDEN  &  CO. 


136  E.  Pleasant  St. 


The  Man  with  the  Hoe 
Wants  a  Good  Fertilizer 

For  the  land’s  sake 
give  him  BOWKER’S 

9 

Don  t  do  a  good  job  with  the  hoe,  and  a  poor  one 
with  the  fertilizer.  As  long-  as  you  must  hoe,  why 
not  have  the  best  possible  crops  to  show  for  it? 
Thoroug-h  cultivation  coupled  with  the  right  fertilizer, 
and  enough  of  it,  will  increase  the  production  and 
profits  of  any  farm. 

"W  e  have  a  brand  to  fit  every  crop  and  every 
pocket-book,  and  every  bag-  of  fertilizer  we  ship  is 
backed  by  forty  years  of  experience,  prompt  service, 
the  best  materials,  the  best  facilities. 

We  want  agents  wherever  we  are  not  now  represented 
Write  today  for  prices  and  terms ;  this  may  mean  a  good 
business  for  you  if  you  act  at  once. 

Write  anyhow  for  our  illustrated  catalogue  and  calendar. 

We’want  you  to  know  Bowker’s  before  you  buy  vour  snrine- 
fertilizer.  vs, 

R  O  KFP  FERTILIZER  COMPANY, 

A3  U  ▼  T  XV  XL  XV  77  Lyman  St.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Original  and  largest  manufacturers  of  special  fertilizers. 


280 


March  4 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER. 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes. 

Established  1850. 

PabUikad  <mU;  by  the  Rnrsl  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  Street,  Hew  York, 

Herbert  W.  Collingwood,  President  and  Editor, 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wii.  P.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Roylk,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR. 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  $2.04,  eqnal  to 
8a.  6a.,  or  8*9  marks,  or  10 '2  francs.  Remit  in  money  order, 
express  order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  timi 
orders.  References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to 
ns;  and  cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL.” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a 
responsible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any 
loss  to  paid  subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler 
advertising  in  our  columns,  and  any  such  swmdlerwill  be  publicly  ex¬ 
posed.  We  protect  suberibers  against  rogues,  but  wedo  not  guarantee 
to  adjust  trifling  differences  between  subscribers  and  honest,  respon¬ 
sible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be  responsible  for  the  debts  of 
honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts.  Notice  of  the  complaint 
must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of  the  transaction, 
and  you  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker  when 
writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 

known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

The  annual  Horticultural  Number  of  The  R.  N.-Y. 
was  started  with  24  pages.  This  year’s  issue  contains 
52  pages  and  we  now  regret  that  we  did  not  add 
more.  Whatever  gets  into  print  must  speak  for  itself. 
Our  people  are  abundantly  able  to  decide  for  them¬ 
selves  about  the  value  of  printed  matter.  We  hope 
this  one  is  the  best  number  we  have  yet  issued — but 

"you  are  to  be  the  judge.” 

* 

No  one  can  overestimate  the  importance  of  having 
an  established  standard  for  commercial  lime-sulphur. 
This  material  as  a  Summer  spray  marks  the  greatest 
advance  horticulture  has  made  in  20  years.  The  great 
demand  for  it  opens  an  inviting  field  for  fakers  and 
snides  to  offer  a  dishonest  product.  By  using  salt 
they  can  cheat  the  hydrometer  by  showing  a  specific 
gravity  not  due  to  sulphur.  By  using  an  injurious 
caustic  they  may  pad  out  their  “guarantee”  to  the  in¬ 
jury  of  trees  where  the  stuff  is  used.  These' things 
are  even  worse  than  selling  bogus  fertilizers.  The 
State  or  the  Federal  Government  should  establish  a 
standard,  sample  the  various  mixtures  and  hold  the 
manufacturers  right  up  to  time.  The  great  majority 
of  them  offer  honest  goods.  So  much  the  more  de¬ 
sirable  to  duck  the  fakes  in  their  own  mixture. 

* 

In  Michigan,  at  least,  the  courts  have  pretty  well 
settled  the  matter  of  damages  in  substituted  tree  cases. 
There  is  a  clear  distinction  between  damages  arising 
from  using  substituted  or  untrue  seeds  and  those  from 
trees  untrue  to  label.  In  an  annual  crop  the  measure 
of  damages  is  the  difference  in  value  between  the 
value  of  the  crop  from  inferior  seed  and  that  of  seed 
true  to  guarantee.  With  fruit  trees  the  added  value  of 
the  land  if  planted  to  trees  true  to  name  is  the  meas¬ 
ure  of  damage.  Testimony  may  be  offered  to  prove 
such  damage.  In  one  Michigan  case  the  nurseryman 
claimed  that  since  many  of  the  trees  had  been  frozen 
and  killed  after  suit  was  brought,  the  fruit  grower 
had  suffered  no  loss  through  the  nurseryman’s  failure 
to  keep  his  contract.  The  judge  dismissed  this  plea. 
Had  they  been  destroyed  before  the  suit  started  the 
case  would  have  been  different.  The  law  is  clear  re¬ 
garding  the  damage  caused  by  misfit  trees.  The 
R.  N.-Y.’s  position'  on  this  question  has  been  often 
stated.  If  only  a  few  of  the  trees  proved  untrue  we 
should  be  lenient.  If,  however,  the  great  majority  of 
a  large  order  proved  untrue  and  unsatisfactory  we 
should  make  the  nurseryman  pay  the  damage  if  it 
were  possible  to  stay  by  him  until  he  made  good. 

* 

It  is  interesting  to  watch  the  evolution  of  a  “careful 
consideration”  Congressman  when  his  people  get  after 
The  theory  of  evolution  was  that  constant  use 
of  a  faculty  or  organ  tends  to  develop  it  until  im¬ 
provement  of  the  function  becomes  a  part  of  the  sys¬ 
tem.  The  average  Congressman  says  he  will  give 
“careful  consideration,”  because  those  words  are  as 
much  a  part  of  him  as  his  hand  or  his  nose.  One 
of  our  readers  wrote  to  ask  Congressman  Rodenburg 
of  Illinois  where  he  stood  on  parcels  post.  Back 
came  “careful  consideration.”  The  farmer  wrote  him 
again,  sharper  than  before,  and  this  time  he  was  told 
that  “your  views  will  be  given  consideration.  Here 
is  a  little  gain  in  evolution,  but  not  much.  Stick  the 
pen  into  him  once  more  and  see  what  follows.  Our 
friend  “Mapes  the  Hen  Man”  wrote  his  Congressman 
and  got  “careful  consideration.”  Then  Mapes  sharp¬ 
ened  his  pen  and  tried  again.  This  time  it  was  sym¬ 
pathetic  interest,”  which  is  a  slight  gain.  Now  the 
truth  is  that  we  shall  get  from  our  Congressmen  just 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

what  we  put  into  them,  and  not  much  more.  There 
is  no  evolution  in  this  theory  of  sending  these  men 
to  Washington  to  use  their  “best  judgment  alone  and 
unaide'd.  Your  judgment  as  to  what  you  need  is  as 
good  as  theirs,  and  good,  strong  words  which  carry 
the  weight  of  sincerity  will  do  more  to  “evolute”  the 
careful  consideration  man  than  anything  else  in  the 
world. 

* 

CANADIAN  “RECIPROCITY.” 

No.  3. 

In  1910  this  country  imported  from  Canada  $97,- 
892,684  worth  of  goods.  Of  these  $52,103,938  paid 
duty  while  $45,788,746  worth  came  in  free.  The  larg¬ 
est  items  under  free  trade  were  copper,  wood  pulp, 
furs  and  hides,  nickel  ore,  silk,  lobsters,  chemicals  and 
asbestos.  Farm  products  all  paid  a  duty  and  with  the 
possible  exception  of  the  tariff  on  European  potatoes 
this  was  the  only  direct  benefit  the  high  tariff  system 
has  ever  given  our  farmers.  In  exchange  for  this 
poor  and  puny  benefit  they  have  given  the  manufac¬ 
turers  and  railroads  license  to  build  up  vast  monopo¬ 
lies  and  control  legislation.  We  say  this  advisedly 
and  shall  continue  to  repeat  it  until  farmers  realize 
just  what  it  means.  It  is  well  understood  of  all 
men  that  our  present  high  tariff  system  would  never 
have  been  developed  had  not  the  farmers  of  New 
England,  New  York  and  other  Northern  States  con¬ 
tinued  to  support  it.  The  New  England  people  con¬ 
tinued  to  vote  for  it  under  the  implied  promise  that 
they  were  to  have  first  right  to  the  markets  which 
“protection”  developed. 

The  proposed  “reciprocity”  destroys  every  possible 
advantage  which  the  tariff  could  give  our  farmers 
without  any  compensating  returns.  Such  things  as 
hay,  potatoes,  milk  products,  live  animals,  fruit  and 
grain  are  admitted  free.  Here  is  direct  and  ruinous 
competition  for  our  farmers,  especially  those  near  the 
border,  while  the  things  which  these  farmers  are 
obliged  to  buy  are  still  “protected”  by  a  tariff.  Take 
the  case  of  a  dairy  farmer  in  New  England.  Right 
over' the  line  in  Quebec  is  a  strong,  natural  grass  sec¬ 
tion.  In  the  last  tariff  bill  a  clerical  error  made  the 
tariff  on  cream  read  five  cents  a  gallon  instead  of 
pound.  This  error,  overlooked,  caused  imports  of 
Canadian  cream  to  the  value  of  $1,401,324  last  year, 
and  where  is  the  consumer  who  was  helped  by  it  ? 
Canadian  farmers  in  this  district  bought  wheat  bran 
at  $18  per  ton  last  year.  Over  the  line  $22.50  was  the 
lowest  price  reached,  with  nearly  as  large  differences 
in  other  feeds.  While  wheat  and  other  entire  grains 
are  on  the  free  list,  bran  and  other  feeds  are  taxed 
$2.50  per  ton.  Thus  the  Canadian  farmer  will  have 
the  advantage  of  cheaper  feed  and  hay  while  his  milk 
comes  freely  in  to  compete  with  our  dairymen.  The 
Canadian  farmer  also  receives  direct  financial  help 
from  his  government.  He  can,  for  example,  borrow 
money  on  long  term  public  loans  and  use  it  for  drain¬ 
ing.  The  milk  contractors  will  have  it  in  their  power 
to  offer  farmers  what  they  please.  Should  these 
American  farmers  organize  like  men  to  resist,  these 
contractors  have  only  to  send  over  the  line,  buy  milk 
of  the  French  Canadians  and  laugh  at  the  milk  pro¬ 
ducers.  Meanwhile  the  consumers  in  town  and  city 
will  still  pay  the  old  prices  for  milk. 

This  is  but  one  illustration  of  50  which  might  be 
given  to  show  the  injustice  of  this  scheme.  In  the 
West,  Canadian  sheep  could  be  driven  over  the  line 
and  then  sheared.  In  such  case  this  wool  would 
come  into  free  competition  with  our  own.  Live  ani¬ 
mals  come  in  free  while  dressed  and  canned  meats 
are  protected.  Thus  the  beef  packers  will  have  access 
to  the  Canadian  cattle  grown  on  cheap  pasture.  Yet 
with  their  tariff  on  dressed  meat  they  will  keep  up 
their  monopoly  and  their  prices.  In  like  manner  wheat 
will  come  in  free  to  cut  down  the  price  of  our  grain, 
as  it  already  has  done.  Yet  flour  and  other  forms 
of  grain  which  the  people  cat  are  still  protected.  The 
entire  scheme  robs  the  American  farmer  and  gives 
the  manufacturer  and  the  middleman  the  same  old 
opportunity  to  keep  out  competition  and  hold  up 
prices.  The  cowardly  policy  of  the  high  tariff  bene¬ 
ficiaries  at  this  crisis  is  almost  past  belief.  They 
owe  what  they  have  to  the  farmers  who  are  now  being 
betrayed,  yet  they  stand  feebly  by  and  let  these  farm¬ 
ers  fight  alone.  They  cannot  be  so  blind  as  not  to 
see  what  is  coming  to  them  from  this.  Let  us  look 
next  at  the  business  and  political  results  of  this 
“reciprocity.” 

Upon  what  food  do  the  potato  diggers  of  northern 
Michigan  feed  that  they  have  grown  so  great? 

I  see  by  your  issue  of  February  18  you  consider  it  a 
joke  that  one  of  us  Michigan  fellows  dug  105  bushels  of 
potatoes  in  eight  hours  by  hand.  The.  writer  last  Fall 
dug,  picked  up  and  hauled  one-half  mile  to  house  and 
put  in  cellar  alone  95  bushels  in  nine  hours  30  minutes, 
which  is  just  considered  a  fair  day’s  work.  The  time  of 
digging  the  potatoes  alone  was  5%  hours.  The  writer 
dug  in  the  same  manner  as  Mr.  Garthe,  with  a  hook,  two 
rows  at  a  time.  The  potatoes  were  Empire  State,  planted 


with  a  hand-planter  in  hills  30  inches  apart  each  way, 
the  field  of  four  acres  averaging  250  bushels  per  acre. 
Charlevoix  Co.,  Mich.  fred  falting. 

This  is  getting  to  be  anything  but  a  joke.  In  New 
Jersey  we  have  often  paid  $1.50  a  day  to  men  who 
dug  30  bushels  of  potatoes  and  then  bragged  about 
their  day’s  work!  From  these  figures  Michigan  beats 
us  on  both  men  and  potatoes.  We  surely  hope  the 
breed  will  not  run  out. 

* 

In  a  speech  at  the  National  Corn  Exposition  Presi¬ 
dent  Taft  made  this  astonishing  argument: 

If  the  argument  as  to  the  disastrous  effect  of  admitting 
the  crops  of  the  Canadian  Northwest  to  our  markets  upon 
the  values  of  our  farm  land  is  correct,  then  the  opening 
of  lands  in  Kansas,  Nebraska,  and  the  two  Dakotas  in 
the  two  decades  from  1890  to  1910  should  have  had  a 
similar  effect  upon  the  land  of  the  older  States.  Now, 
what  was  the  effect  upon  the  farm  lands  of  the  older 
States  of  the  competition  of  these  newer  States?  The 
land  in  the  older  States  became  more  devoted  to  corn 
and  cattle  and  hogs,  while  the  wheat  and  other  cereals 
were  left  to  the  now  lands.  The  effect  was  that  the 
values  of  the  lands  in  the  older  farming  States  were  in 
most  cases  more  than  doubled. 

We  wish  to  show  the  greatest  respect  for  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  yet  where  can  you  find 
a  more  misleading  statement  of  the  case  than  is  here 
given?  The  last  census  shows  that  the  farm  districts 
of  such  States  as  Iowa  and  Missouri  actually  lost  in 
population,  through  competition  with  our  Pacific 
States  and  Western  Canada.  The  true  comparison 
is  the  condition  of  Eastern  farming  as  affected  by 
the  opening  of  the  Western  lands  shortly  after  the 
Civil  War.  Those  of  us  who  were  forced  away  from 
New  England  farms  at  that  time  know  the  terrible 
injury  that  was  done,  and  know  what  will  follow  if 
the  new  Canadian  land  is  to  pour  its  products  in  an 
unrestricted  stream  into  our  markets.  If  history  re¬ 
peat  itself,  as  it  ever  has  done,  there  will  be  another 
movement  of  young  men  away  from  the  older  land, 
and  another  ruinous  drop  in  price.  Here  is  a  typical 
letter  from  a  young  New  England  farmer  who  saw 
the  old  farm  slowly  recovering  from  the  competition 
with  new  land : 

The  worst  effect  will  be  upon  the  future  of  our  agricul¬ 
ture,  and  as  a  young  man  I  am  at  a  loss  to  know  what 
to  do.  I  have  been  reasoning  that  our  new  land  was 
about  all  taken  up,  and  that  very  soon  our  farming 
must  be  put  on  a  permanent  basis  with  prices  for  farm 
products  which  would  enable  a  man  to  farm  in  such  a 
way  as  to  keep  up  the  fertility  of  his  soil.  I  have  begun 
a  system  of  drainage  which  will  cost  quite  a  sum  of 
money  to  complete.  Is  the  opening  up  of  this  large 
territory  of  rich  soil  and  giving  its  products  free  access 
to  our  markets  going  to  have  the  same  effect  on  our 
agriculture  that  the  opening  of  our  West  had?  If  so, 
the  best  thing  I  can  do  is  to  put  my  money  somewhere 
else.  I  knew  a  man  who  bought  a  fine  farm  soon  after 
the  war  for  $13,000.  He  worked  hard  all  his  life  trying 
to  pay  for  that  farm,  aud  died  $5000  in  debt,  while  there 
were  times  when  his  farm  would  not  have  sold  for  the 
$5000.  Old  land  cannot  compete  with  new  laud  in  the 
production  of  crops,  and  are  we  farmers  of  the  East 
going  ahead,  or  are  we  going  to  mark  time  while  the 
lands  of  western  Canada  are  being  robbed? 

It  is  reported  that  President  Taft  told  the  fisher¬ 
men  of  Gloucester,  Mass.,  that  they  simply  saw 
“ghosts”  in  the  danger  from  reciprocity. 

“There  need  no  ghost  come  from  the  grave 
To  tell  us  that,  Horatio  !” 

Every  Eastern  farmer  will  know  how  true  that  line 
is  when  he  reviews  the  history  of  his  farm. 


BREVITIES. 

British  India  has  two  agricultural  colleges. 

Lend  a  hand!  To  the  big-headed  chap  who  goes  “back 
to  the  land.” 

North  Dakota  has  the  seed  testing  business  down  to 
practical  work. 

No,  we  would  not  plant  trees  largely  where  the  17-year 
locusts  are  expected. 

That  is  an  interesting  statement  on  page  273  about  a 
contract  for  spraying. 

The  Hope  Farm  man  does  not  expect  a  large  vote  from 
the  Florida  laud  boomers. 

A  good  way  to  raise  pneumonia  is  to  plant  au  over¬ 
heated  frame  iu  a  cold  bed. 

Prof.  Minkler’s  article,  page  296,  will  answer  about 
50  questions  on  pasturing  hogs. 

Mr.  IIotaling’s  article  comes  as  the  next  thing  to 
having  the  spray  rod  and  nozzle  in  your  hand. 

Irrigate  a  few  well  prepared  acres  and  get  more  out 
of  it  than  from  an  entire  sunbaked  and  rough  farm. 

You  might  not  believe  it,  but  quite  a  majority  of  our 
legal  questions  refer  to  the  rights  of  a  husband  in  his 
wife’s  property ! 

In  spite  of  all  we  have  said,  people  still  send  letters 
signed  only  “Reader,”  “One  Who  Knows,”  etc.  They  go 
into  the  waste  basket. 

The  largest  melon  story  comes  from  Consul  Madison 
of  Ilarput.  He  claims  that  watermelons  grown  in  Diar- 
bekir  are  as  large  as  flour  barrels!  Next! 

Cattle  from  the  Himalaya  Mountains  are  suggested  for 
Alaska.  Crossed  with  the  Galloway  breed  it  is  probable 
they  would  produce  a  fine  and  beautiful  fur  animal. 

Probably  few  of  us  will  ever  try  to  climb  the  Alps.  We 
may  console  ourselves  with  the  report  that  90  of  such 
climbers  lost  their  lives  last  year,  while  80  more  were 
seriously  hurt. 


1911. 


'THE  RURAL-  RE W- YORKER 


281 


DIBBLE’S  SEED  PDTATOES 


/ 


.*0’ 


& 


0 


A  RE  northern  grown  from  selected  stock  seed,  stored  in 
1  our  own  specially  constructed  storage  houses  at  a  uniform 
temperature  and  shipped  direct  to  you  from  our  1,600-acre 
seed  farms  at  the  lowest  possible  prices  consistent  with  the 
highest  possible  quality. 

Over  60,000  Bushels  in  Store 


A 


C, 


all  the  old  standard  kinds,  such  as 

Irish  Cobblers 
Early  Chios 
Six  Weeks 
Bovees 
Northers 
Queens 
Rose 
Hebrons 


) 


Green  Mountains 
Sir  Walter  Raleigh 
State  of  Maine 
Carmans 
Delaware 
Rural  New  Yorker 
American  Giants 
Gold  Coin 


Dibble  on  the  Potato 

Giving  twenty  years’  experience 
ingrowing  potatoes.  The  most 
practical  little  book  on  potato 
culture  now  before  the  Ameri¬ 
can  public.  FREE 


MJ 


and  many  others,  and  a  number  of  new  varieties  that  have  proven  worthv  of 
introduction,  as  follows:  The  Up-to-Date,  a  new  late  potato  of  wonderful 
1  •  ii  r  .  .  .  merit,  grown  from  seed  imported  direct  trom  Ireland:  Quick  Lunch ,  a  most 

desirable  first  early  for  the  family  garden;  and  four  more  that  were  “best  by  test”  three  years  in  succession  on 
the  Eden  Trial  Grounds  in  Massachusetts,  where  over  one  thousand  varieties  were  under  trial 

Our  smallest  sale  last  year  was  one  bushel;  our  largest  7,000  bushels,  or  fourteen  car-loads-and  each  of 
these  customers  has  bought  his  seed  potatoes  of  us  again  for  this  spring’s  planting.  Whether  vou  use  a  bushel 
or  a  car-load,  you  should  have  our  catalog,  as  our  prices  are  lower  than  you  can  procure  the  same  hffih-erade 
Seed  Potatoes  for  elsewhere,  as  we  are  located  in  the  country,  own  our  own  Seed  Farms,  warehouses  with  nrivate 
switches  from  the  Lehigh  Valley  and  New  York  Central  Railroads,  have  no  high-priced  city  rents  to  Dav 
and  therefore  we  are  in  position  to  sell  better  goods  for  less  money  than  is  any  other  firm  in  this  country. 

DIBBLE’S  SEED  POTATOES  are  good  Seed  Potatoes.  They  are  recommended  by  Agricultural  Colleges 
Experiment  Stations,  Officials  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  of  the  United  States  and  of  Canada  Editors  of 

^n-kM  Papers;  and  thousands  of  satisfied  farmers,  over  one  hundred  of  whom  have  written  us  that 

Dibble  s  Seed  Potatoes  have  doubled  their  crops.”  What  they  have  done  for  others  they  will  do  for  you 


HEADQUARTERS 


We  Sell  the  Product  of  Over 4,000  Acres  Annually.  Over  1,600  Acres  in  Our  Own  Seed  Farms 

1  1  Dibble’s  Alfalfa,  Clover 


Dibble  on  Alfalfa 

or  how  to  grow  alfalfa  in  the  east.  The 
result  of  seven  years  experience.  Not 
long?  No,  but  long  enough  so  that  we 
grew  on  one  of  the  Dibble  farms  last 
year,  alfalfa  to  the  value  of  over  $100.00 
per  acre.  It  tells  vou  all  you  want  to 
know  about  A  lfalfa,  FREE 


and  Grass  Seeds 

D.  B.  brand,  are  Government  tested  and  are 
the  best  seed  on  the  American  market.  We 
use  absolutely  the  highest  grade  that  money 
will  buy,  have  our  seed  tested  at  the  New 
York  Experiment  Station,  Geneva,  N.  Y„ 
and  know  our  seeds  will  please  you.  You 
cannot  afford  to  sow  weed  seeds  or  seeds  of 
poor  germination.  Send  us  your  Alfalfa, 
Clover  and  Grass  Seed  orders  and  you  will 
get  the  highest  class  seeds  possible  to 
procure.  Upon  receipt  of  the  goods, look  them 
over,  test  them  any  way  you  choose,  send 
samples  to  your  Experiment  Station,  if  you 
wish  and  if  you  are  not  satisfied  that  Dibble’s 
Alfalfa,  Clover  and  Grass  seeds  are  the  best 
you  ever  saw,  send  them  back  to  us  by'lirst 
freight  and  we  will  refund  your  money  and 
pay  the  freight  charges  both  ways.  Samples 
free. 


Dibble’s  New  Seed  Oats 

Twentieth  Century  is  the  earliest,  strongest  growing, 
most  productive  branching  variety  ever  tested  by  us  and 
is  especially  adapted  to  our  Eastern  States.  Our  average 
yield  on  our  own  farms,  growing  around  200  acres  annu¬ 
ally  for  the  past  six  years, has  been  over  twice  the  average 
of  the  United  States  for  the  same  period.  Scores  of 
farmers  have  written,  us  that— “Dibble’s  Seed  Oats  have 
outyielded  other  kinds  grown  alongside  two  to  one.”  Our 
oats  are  thoroughly  recleaned. 

2J4  bushels  bag,  $2.00;  10  bushels,  $7,50;  100  bushels,  $05.00 
•Sacks  free.  Send  for  samples. 

Canada  Cluster  is  a  mighty  good  new  side  oat  with 
short  straw,  very  early,  extra  heavy  .grain  weighing 
under  favorable  conditions  40-44  pounds  per  bushel  and 
is  far  superior  according  to  our  experience,  to  the  so- 
called  regenerated  Swedish  Select,  Sensation,  Number 
h  our  and  other  similar  kinds.  Samples  free 

214  bu.  bag,  $2.25;  10  bushels,  $8.00;  100  bushels,  $75.00. 
Sacks  free. 


jfcV 


DIBBLE’S 

SEED 

CORN 


Dibble’s  Mammoth  Yellow  Flint 

is  the  earliest,  largest  growing,  most  pro¬ 
ductive  Flint  corn  grown,  ripening  with  us 
here  in  western  New  York  in  100  days. 
Stalks  average  8  to  10  feet  in  height,  ears 
10-15  inches  long.  This  is  the  corn  that 
gave  H.  A,  Medlong  of  Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y. 
400  bushels  from  two  acres,  equal  to  over 
115  bushels  of  shelled  corn  per  acre  and 
produced  for  O.  D.  Blanchard  of  New 
Hampshire,  243  bushels  from  a  peck  of  seed. 

Bushel, $2.00;  2-bushel  bag,$3.00;  10 bushels, 
$1.40  per  bushel.  Bags  free.  Send  for 
samples.  Test  it  yourself. 


IKE  our  other  farm  seeds,  is  the  best  obtainable,  regardless  of  cost.  And  our  price  is  so  low  that 
it  does  not  cost  over  50c.  an  acre  to  plant  your  field  with  Dibble’s  Seed  Corn.  We  have  five  silos 
on  our  own  farms,  grow  over  1,000  tons  of  corn  for  ensilage  annually,  besides  what  we  husk,  and  what 
we  know  aboil  t  corn  is  worth  something  to  you.  Send  us  your  seed  corn  orders,  examine  the  corn  upon 
arrival,  and  il  you  think  it  is  not  as  good  as  we  say  it  is  return  it  at  once  and  get  your  money  back 

TDKKI/Do  rofbr  VaIIa...  «  .  -  «  ~  .  _ -  _ 


Dibble’s  Early  Yellow  Dent 

Without  question  the  best  dent  for  the  silo, 
where  seasons  are  short  and  frost  comes 
early.  On  our  farms,  it  has  proven  earlier 
than  the  well  known  Pride  of  the  North, 
produces  at  least  a  third  more  foliage  and 
is  a  wonderful  yielderas  it  grows  as  a  rule, 
when  properly  planted,  two  ears  per  stalk. 
Several  customers  have  written  us  that 
this  variety  has  matured  with  them  in 
80  days,  but  it  takes  slightly  longer  than 
that  with  us  here  in  western  New  York. 
We  offer  only  high  grade  pedigree  seed 
from  hand-picked  seleoted  ears  showing 
a  germination  test  of  95-98£. 

Bushel, $2.00;  2-oushel  bag,  $3.00;  10 bushels 
or  over,  $1.40  per  bushel.  Bags  free.  Liberal 
samples  for  the  asking. 


Dibble’s  Farm  Seed  Catalogue  &£ie  BoaoknofFatrim 

year.  Handsomely  illustrated  with  photo  engravings 
sbowmg  our  farm  seeds  as  they  are,  printed  in  large,  clear 
type  on  high-class  book  paper.  The  descriptions  are  accu¬ 
rate,  truthful,  concise  and  right  to  the  point— in  fact,  an 
nonest  catalogue  for  busy,  practical  business  farmers,  and 
every  farmer  should  have  one.  FREE. 

EDWARD  F.  DIBBLE,  Seedgrower 


Dibble’s  Improved  Early  Learning' 

has  been  grown  by  us  in  western  New  York 
for  the  past  six  years.  It  is  two  weeks 
earlier  than  the  old  Learning  and  matures 
ready  for  the  harvest  in  from  100  to  110 
days.  Dibble’s  Improved  Beaming  grows 
from  10  to  15  feet  in  height,  splendidly 
eared.  Time  and  again  wo  have  raised  30 
tons  of  ensilage  per  acre,  putting  into  our 
silos,  corn  that  would  have  husked  125 
bushels  of  wel  1  ripened  ears.  Our  Learning 
is  thoroughbred  stock,  hand  selected,  full 
of  vitality,  testing  95£  and  better. 

Bushel, $2.00;  2-bushel  bag,  $3.00;  10  bushels 
or  over,  $1.25  per  bushel.  Bags  free.  Sample 
if  you  like,  test  it  anyway  you  wish  and 
we  will  have  your  order. 


Dibble’s  Mammoth  White  Dent  Ensilage  Corn 

is  offered  to  those  dairy  farmers  desiring 
to  grow  the  largest  possible  amount  of 
fodder  per  acre.  It  is  of  northern  origin 
and  our  seed  is  northern  grown,  maturing 
easily  in  latitude  41  degrees  and  we  re¬ 
commend  it  to  farmers  living  in  the  Nor¬ 
thern  and  Middle  States  in  want  of  a  large 
rank  growing  ensilage  corn,  as  far  superior 
to  the  big  corns  of  southern  origin,  such  as 
OubanGiant,  VirginiaSheepTooth,  Eureka, 
etc.  which  are  not  adapted  to  our  north¬ 
ern  climate. 

Dibble’s  Mammoth  White  Dent  is  well 
worthy  of  a  trial.  Samples  if  you  want 
them.  Germination  above  95$ 

1  bushel,  $2.00;  2-bushel  bag,  $3.50;  10 
bushels,  $15.00.  Bags  free. 


Three  Books  Free  Af  want  you  t°  know  ™ore  *J»ut  Dibble’s  Farm  Seeds  than  we  can  tell  vou  on  this  page- 

who  we  are,  where  we  live,  all  about  how  we  grow  our  Farm  Seeds,  what  we  have  found  out 

1  tllP  t,WOnt,V  VMTSWP  lin  vofipan  In  not-o  ,.,1,D.L  41 _  '  v  .  i _  luuiiu  uut 


The  Leading  Farm  Seed 
Grower  of  America 


Box  B,  Honeoye  Falls,  New  York 


2S2 

Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

BENEDICITE. 

O  all  ye  Green  Things  on  the  Earth, 

Bless  ye  the  Lord,  in  sun  and  shade; 

To  whisper  praises  ye  were  made, 

Or  wave  to  Him  in  solemn  mirth. 

For  this  the  towering  pine  had  birth. 

For  this  sprang  forth  each  grassy  blade  ; 
Bless  ye  the  Lord  in  sun  and  shade. 

Ye  wayside  weeds  of  little  worth, 

Ye  ferns  that  fringe  the  woodland  glade, 
Ye  dainty  flowers  that  quickly  fade, 

Ye  steadfast  yews  of  mighty  girth  ; 

O  all  ye  Green  Things  of  toe  Earth, 

Bless  ve  the  Lord  in  sun  and  shade! 

— Richard  Wilton. 

* 

Among  accessories  for  the  Summer 
costumes  are  scarfs  of  embroidered  lawn 
or  batiste,  extremely  fine,  sometimes  with 
insets  of  lace.  They  are  as  large  as  the 
chiffon  or  satin  scarfs  worn  in  the  Win¬ 
ter  and  recall  the  muslin  pelerines  worn 
over  the  flowing  flounces  of  70  years 

as°-  * 

According  to  the  St.  Paul  (Minn.) 
Dispatch,  400  men  and  women  partici¬ 
pated  in  an  Alfalfa  luncheon  at  Mitchell, 
Mont.,  recently.  Biscuits  and  cookies 
made  from  Alfalfa  flour  and  shipped 
there  from  Billings,  Mont.,  were  seived 
the  guests,  and  tea  was  served  made 
from  Alfalfa  leaves.  We  have  a  good 
deal  of  respect  for  Alfalfa,  but  somehow 
tea  made  from  it  does  not  sound  like 
“the  cup  that  cheers.”  If  we  must  have 
a  purely  American  substitute  for  the 
Chinese  herb,  why  not  go  back  to  a  sub¬ 
stitute  tested  by  our  ancestors  and  use 
sassafras? 

* 

We  never  have  room  to  say  all  we 
want  to  about  gardening,  and  no  one 
with  a  real  passion  for  the  noblest  of 
recreations  is  ever  able  to  possess  all 
the  things  longed  for.  But  we  would 
like  to  remind  our  friends  once  more 
that  every  farm  home  is  entitled  to  a 
few  good  shrubs  in  its  dooryard  no 
matter  how  much  or  how  little  may  be 
done  with  other  ornamental  plants. 
Whenever  we  see  a  country  yard  with 
just  a  few  giraffe-like,  old-fashioned 
lilac  bushes,  and  nothing  more,  we  wish 
that  the  woman  who  lives  there  could 
have  right  in  sight  of  her  dishwashing 
Forsythia  for  early  Spring,  Pearl  bush 
to  follow  it,  gorgeous  purple  or  snowy 
white  lilac  of  the  newer  improved  varie¬ 
ties,  one  of  the  modern  varieties  of  Rose 
of  Sharon,  and  Japanese  barberry  to 
gladden  dull  Autumn  days  with  its  red 
berries.  There  is  no  end  to  the  wonder¬ 
ful  effects  to  be  secured  with  shrubs  at 
small  initial  expense,  just  buying  one  or 
two  at  a  time,  and  with  very  little  trou¬ 
ble  afterwards.  If  the  hens  get  out  they 
won’t  destroy  them  as  they  will  so  many 
'  of  our  garden  pets.  Many  people  in  sub¬ 
urban  towns  seem  to  think  that  a  privet 
hedge  and  a  few  stiff  evergreens  are  all 
they  need  in  the  way  of  shrubs,  when 
every  swamp,  woodland  and  hedgerow 
contradicts  them  with  the  mass  of 
beauty  spread  before  us,  from  the  June- 
berry  of  early  Spring  to  the  last  witch 
hazel  bloom  of  Autumn. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


March  4, 


Shirtwaists  or  blouses  take  so  many 
forms  .that  every  woman  should  find 
something  to  suit  her.  Here  are  a  few 
noted  recently:  Very  plain  tailored 
styles  of  fine  white  pique  (which  costs 
35  to  45  cents  a  yard),  some  made  the 
mannish  model  with  long  shoulder  seam, 
sleeve  set  in  without  fullness  and  no 
plaits ;  others  with  Gibson  plaits,  fasten¬ 
ing  over  on  the  left  side,  the  edge  fin¬ 
ished  with  heavy  buttonholing,  instead 
of  a  hem.  Others  were  of  colored  wash 
flannel  or  madras  in  the  mannish 
model  without  plaits,  a  soft  high  turn¬ 
down  collar  attached,  which  is  fastened 
at  the  top  by  a  gold  safety  pin,  and 
worn  with  a  narrow  four-in-hand  tie ; 
turn-back  cuffs.  Then  there  are' wash 


silk  waists,  India,  China  and  pongee 
weaves  being  plainly  tailored,  white  or 
striped,  especially  handsome  being  an 
extremely  heavy  white  China  silk.  Tail¬ 
ored  waists  of  striped  lawn  or  batiste 
are  very  attractive,  having  a  double  frill 
set  down  the  left  of  the  hem,  the  upper 
frill  being  of  the  striped  material,  with 
an  under  plaiting  of  solid  color.  Some 
of  the  semi-tailored  fine  blouses  have 
small  sailor  collars  turning  back  from 
the  open  neck.  Then  there  is  a  great 
variety  in  the  one-piece  kimono  waists, 
their  appearance  being  greatly  varied  by 
the  models  now  fastening  down  the 
front.  A  beautiful  white  linen  dress 
seen  had  a  one-piece  waist  buttoned 
down  the  front,  the  neck  slightly  open 
and  finished  with  a  sailor  collar  of  pale 
blue,  pale  blue  turn-back  cuffs  finishing 
the  elbow  sleeves,  the  skirt  buttoned 
down  the  front,  and  bordered  with  a 
deep  band  of  pale  blue.  It  was  a  thor¬ 
oughly  practical  model,  and  would  be 
very  pretty  in  striped  or  check  material, 

trimmed  with  a  plain  harmonizing  color. 

* 

A  German  advocate  of  women’s  rights 
suggests  that  compulsory  military  service 
on  the  part  of  the  men  should  be  offset 
by  compulsory  domestic  service  for  wo¬ 
men.  If  drill  and  barrack  life  is  benefi¬ 
cial  to  the  men,  she  asks  why  life  in  the 
kitchen  should  not  similarly  elevate  the 
women.  The  “New  York  World”  re¬ 
marks  that  if  Germany  ever  organizes 
a  standing  army  of  cooks  it  may  force 
all  Europe  to  follow  its  lead. 

Culinary  conscription  is  a  severe  meas¬ 
ure,  but  when  enforced  in  Germany  other 
nations  might  be  expected,  to  adopt  it. 
There  would  be  more  reason  in  doing  so 
than  in  following  Germany’s  lead  in  mili¬ 
tarism.  There  is  more  real  need  of  cooks 
the  world  over  than  of  soldiers.  It  is  pos¬ 
sible  to  get  along  without  fighting  but  not 
without  eating.  The  only  question  is 
whether  the  imperial  army  of  cooks  could 
be  reduced  to  the  same  machine-like  dis¬ 
cipline  and  precision  of  habits  as  the  Kais¬ 
er’s  army.  Would  they  submit  to  orders 
with  the  same  blind  obedience?  Would 
they  tolerate  being  uniformed  all  alike,  and 
in  matters  of  personal  adornment  submit  to 
authority  with  the  same  meekness  as  the 
recruit  reports  for  duty  when  the  time  ar¬ 
rives  for  military  service?  Before  the  mat¬ 
ter  goes  too  far  the  Kaiser  would  do  well 
to  consult  the  ladies  themselves,  for  if 
ever  they  undertook  to  mutiny  on  being 
called  out  for  the  annual  manoeuvres  they 
would  have  fearful  opportunities  for  wreak¬ 
ing  their  vengeance  upon  the  men  who  re¬ 
quired  them  to  work  against  their  wishes. 
Compulsory  domestic  service  might  end  by 
abolishing  compulsory  military  service  in 
order  that  the  women  should  gain  their 
freedom. 

Clam  Fritters. 

Will  some  one  please  tell  me  how  to  make 
clam  fritters?  mrs.  j.  w.  b. 

One  heaping  pint  of  flour,  one  tea¬ 
spoonful  of  salt,  one  of  cream  of  tartar, 
half  teaspoonful  of  soda,  one  tablespoon¬ 
ful  of  olive  oil  or  soft  butter,  one  egg, 
half  a  pint  of  milk.  Mix  the  flour,  spit, 
cream  of  tartar  and  soda  together  and 
rub  through  a  sieve  (if  you  prefer,  use 
heaping  spoonful  of  baking  powder  in¬ 
stead  of  soda  and  cream  of  tartar). 
Beat  the  egg  very  light  and  add  the 
milk.  Stir  half  of  this  on  the  flour  and 
when  the  batter  is  light  and  smooth  add 
the  remainder  and  finally  the  oil  or 
butter.  Drain  and  chop  a  pint  of  clams, 
season  with  salt  and  pepper,  stir  into 
the  batter  and  fry  the  fritters  in  boiling 
fat.  The  batter  as  made  above  is  nice 
for  all  sorts  of  fritters.  If  two  eggs  are 
used  instead  of  one  the  baking  powder 
or  soda  and  cream  of  tartar  is  omitted, 
and  this  is  a  nice  batter  for  sweetened 
fruit  fritters. 


A  Personal 
Word 

The  rich  and 
prosperous  class 
can  always  com-1 
mand  the  lux¬ 
uries  of  life,  but 
the  average 
home  lover  needs 
the  Spear  System 
of  Credit  to  the 
Nation.  I  want 
1,000,000  families 
to  say  of  me:— 
“He  helped  us 
to  furnish  and 
beautify  our 
homes.”  I  ask 
for  no  higher  tri¬ 
bute  to  my  life’s 
work.  Write  for 
my  Free  Catalog. 


Spear 


ro  matter  where  yon  live,  yon  can  buy  everything  needed 
for  the  home  from  ns  on  credit  and  on  easy  payments 
to  suit  your  convenience.  All  you  need  to  do  is  to  man 
ns  your  name  and  address  and  we  will  at  once  send  you, 
free,  our  Mammoth  Home  Furnishing  Catalog,  con¬ 
taining  illustrations  from  photographs  and  full  des¬ 
criptions  of  thousands  of  articles  in  Furniture,  Rugs, 
Carpets  and  Home  Furnishings  sold  by  us  on  long  time, 
open  account,  easy  credit  terms. 

Credit  Buying  Made  Easy 

With  the  aid  of  the  Big  Spear  Bargain  Catalogue  you 
can  select  anything  you  want  from  hundreds  of  articles  in 

Furniture,  Refrigerators,  Washing  Machine*, 

Carpets,  Clocks,  Baby  Carriages, 

Rugs,  Sowing  Machines,  Go-Carts, 

Stoves,  Phonographs,  Silverware, 

Ranges,  Dishes,  &c.,  Ac.,  Ac. 

We  offer  you  a  vastly  larger  and  hotter  stock  than'even 
the  biggest  city  stores,  and  you  can  make  your  selections 
right  at  home  with  your  family  at  your  elbow. 

Pay  When  Convenient 

Your  credit  Is  good  with  ue.  Why  not  use  It? 

Tinder  our  liberal,  open  account,  easy  payment  plan 
you  can  have  every  possible  advantage  in  buying  for 
your  home  possessed  by  the  moBt  favored  and  woll- 
to-do-shoppor  in  the  city  stores.  Our  credit  8ys- 
tern  is  extended  to  honestpeoplo,  everywhere,  re¬ 
gardless  of  tlioir  income.  You  noed  not  deny  your- 
self  any  article  of  household  com  fort  or  lu  xuryou 
account  of  a  lack  of  ready  ca.s.^:,  Select  what  you 
want  from  our  Catalog,  pay  a  little  cash  down  and 
a  little  each  month. 


This  Beautiful 
Brussels  Rua 

is  only  one  of 
many  great 
_  bargains 
shown  in 
,  the  Spear 
Catalog. 
Send 
for  it 
now  l 


Brussels  Rug,  9x12 — 
$1.50  down— 75o 
por  month 


i  $2.23  Down  and 
.00  Per  Month 


itie  eacn  monwi. 

Our  Prices  Are  The  Lowest 

our  credit  terms  are  the  most  liberal  in  the 
country,  yet  our  prices  aro  the  lowest. 

This  is  because  of  our  immense  purchas¬ 
ing  power  and  enormous  volume  of  sales. 

We  buy  goods  in  such  vast  quantities 
that  we  secure  hotter  prices  than  would 
be  possible  to  smaller  concerns,  and 
by  extending  our  business  to  tens  of 
thousands  of  customers  all  over  tho 
country,  we  can  afford  to  accept  jus. 
one  small  added  profit  from  each  sale. 

We  allow  no  store  or  factory  on  earth 

to  undersell  us.  Get  our  prices  and 
bo  your  own  judge  of  whether  or  not  we 
save  you  from  20  to  50  per  cent  oa  your 
home  furnishings. 

Take  A  Month  To  Decide 

Anything  you  select  from 
our  Bargain  Catalogwill 
be  shipped  on  approval. 

Keep  the  goods  30  days, 
then  decide  to  buy  or  re¬ 
turn  at  our  expense.  If  you 
are  not  fully  satisfied,  the 
goods  may  be  shipped  back 
to  us  at  our  expense  and  we 
will  refund  your  money. 

Big  Rocker  Bargain 

A  largo,  comfortable,  solid  oak 
Rockerwith  high,  wideback.  fully 
tufted  and  buttoned  with  heavy 

.-v,  a  .  i O  ..A.  I  n  1  n  n  r 


Collapsible 
Go-Ca  rts, 

—  75c  down 
50c  a  month 


Price  $4.95 

Terms  75c  Cash 
With  Order 


black 'Sylvan  leather  over  full  steel 
epring  construction,  and  has  a  beautifully  ruT- 
flod  edge  to  match  back.  Construction  is  so"" 
golden  oak  throughout,  with  high  gloss  golden 
finish.  Arms  are  wide,  front  posts  of  handsome 
design.  Satisfaction  guaranteed  or  money  back. 


Walnut  Creams. — Confectioners’  sugar 
is  beaten  into  the  beaten  white  of  an 
egg  until  the  whole  forms  a  stiff  creamy 
mass  that  can  be  moulded  into  balls  and 
shapes.  Just  before  you  stop  stirring  put 
in  a  few  drops  of  vanilla  and  give  it  all 
a  vigorous  last  stir.  Then  mold  be¬ 
tween  your  fingers  into  small  round 
balls  and  stick  the  unbroken  half  of  the 
kernel  of  an  English  walnut  on  each 
side. 


Electric  Lights  make  the  brightest,  safest, 
cleanest  and  most  reliable  lighting  system 
known  for  farms  and  country  homes.  The 
Dayton  Electric  Lighting  Outfits  are  low  in 
cost,  easy  to  install,  cost  almost  nothing  to 
operate.  Give  you  better  lights  than  most  city 
people  enjoy.  Write  today  for  complete  illua- 
trated  catalog  showing  outfits,  fixtures,  etc. 

DAYTON  ELECTRICAL  MFG.  CO. 
231  St.  Clair  Street  Dayton,  Ohio 


Larger  and  more  elaborate  systems  at . 
portionate  prices.  Tho  most  up-to-date, 
economical  tand  complete  lighting  system  on 
the  market.  Beautiful  fixtures  for  tho  home. 
Attractive  high  candle  power  inverted  arcs 
for  stores,  halls,  etc  Best  proposition  for 
hustling  agents.  Write  today  for  terms  and 
territory.  Catalogue  Free.  SUPERIOR 
MEG.  CO.  ,  3(g> Second  St., Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 


r  ? 

American  Lighting  Systems  have  solved 

I  this  knotty  problem  more  satisfactorily  than  all 
I  other  Lighting  plans  put  together.  American 
I  Lights  give  400  candle-power  per  burner  at  a  cost 
1  of  iess  than  half  a  cent  an  hour.  They  ore  also 
1  less  expensive  to  install  and  more  satisfactory  in 
1  every  way  than  any  other  system  made.  Agents 
I  wanted  everywhere. 

|  AMERICAN  GAS  MACHINE  CO., 

14"  Clark  St..  -  -  Albert  Lea.  Minn, 

Binghamton,  N.  Y.  Fargo,  N.  D. 


Aladdin  MANTLE  Lamp 

BURNS  KEROSENE  (Coal  Oil) 


Produces  powerful,  white,  more  brilliant 
light  than  city  gas,  gasolene  or  electricity- 
simple,  noiseless,  odorless,  clean,  safe,  dur¬ 
able  —  comp  lete  success  —  recognized 
world’s  standard.  Fully  Guaranteed. 

T.  H.  BALL,  California,  SOLD  850 

On  money  back  guarantee — not  one  returned, 
BKSsaHjc.E.  Kramer  made  $700  in  60 days.  Complete  line 
of  lamps  and  chandeliers  for  homes,  offices  and  public  places. 
Ask  nearest  office  for  agency  proposition  or  how  to  get  lamp  tre® 
MANTLE  LAMP  CO.  OF  AMERICA,  Dept  667 
Chicago,  Portland,  Ore.,  Waterbury,  Conn.,  Winnipeg,  Montreal,  tanafla. 


A  FLOOD  OF  LIGHT  FR<CCOAL.ROIL) 


-  ‘tv-us. 

_ £6n  talls 

ItUBBEA  3H0C  CO. 
I  MAC 0M  MlttCOu* 


If  you  had  a  pair  of  rubber  boots  made  to  order,  you  couldn’t 
[have  them  made  any  better  than 

The  Century  Boot 

(Beacon  Falls  Brand) 

No  matter  how  carefully  they  were  made,  you  wouldn’t  secure  a  better  wear- 

I  CENTURY  Boots  are  made  of  fine  rubber— the  best  rubber  produced  In 
the  world.  The  vamp  is  made  extra  strong  by  forcing  rubber  under  powerful 
hydraulic  pressure  into  the  best  quality  of  canvas  duck.  To  prevent  cracking 
at  the  ankle  (like  ordinary  boots)  an  extra  pure  gum,  no-crack  ankle 
reinforcement  is  used.  ,  . 

1  Century  Soles  are  made  of  the  toughest  compound  known.  This  sole  is 
[  so  compounded  and  vulcanized  that  it  will  rebound  when  it  strikes  a  hard 
I  substance  rather  than  chip  off,  as  the  soles  of  an  ordinary  boot  would  do. 

Century  Boots  Are  Cheapest 


because  best— best  in  material,  best  in  workmanship,  and  best 
for  wear.  Look  for  the  name  Century  and  the  Cross  on  the 
boot.  When  you  want  a  high-grade  satislactory  rubber 
boot  or  shoe,  ask  for  t lie  Beacon  Falls  line.  Look  tor  the 
Cross.  It  insures  you  quality  and  service. 

_ .  it  you  can't  secure  CENTURY  Boots  from  your  dealer, 

write  us,  send  ms  name  and  we  will  see  that 
u  ,lre  supplied.  A  handsomely  illustrated 

_  booklet  describing  Beacon  Falls  rubber  foot- 

wear  tree,  it  you  send  your  name. 


The  Beacon  Falls  Rubber  Shoe  Co. 


Mau/  Vnrk 


Beacon  Falls 

fry 

Trade  Mark 

I  !«■  At* a  r,n,A. 


H, 


1911. 

Fifty  Cents  for  Flower  Seeds. 

Just  at  this  season  there  is  an  army 
of  women  and  girls  planning  for  a  flower 
garden  next  Summer ;  some  with  ample 
space  and  unlimited  material,  others  with 
a  skimpy  bit  of  ground  and  a  few  pinched 
packets  of  seed.  If  seed’s  always  grew, 
and  flowers  always  bloomed,  we  should 
soon  turn  the  whole  country  into  one 
vast  sea  of  blossoms,  but  unfortunately 
this  is  a  world  of  disappointments,  and 
no  one  knows  this  better  than  the  am¬ 
ateur  gardener. 

If  we  had  just  50  cents  to  invest  in 
flower  seeds,  we  should  cut  out  expen¬ 
sive  novelties,  no  matter  how  dearly  we 
longed  to  try  them,  and  confine  ourselves 
to  the  purchase  of  five-cent  packages, 
feeling  quite  sure  that  if  we  sent  to  a 
reliable  house  we  should  get  something 
well  worth  while,  even  though  we  had 
no  sensational  varieties.  Our  list  would 
include  pansies,  mignonette,  two  packets 
of  nasturtiums,  dwarf  and  climbing,  Pe¬ 
tunias,  Zinnias,  Shirley  poppies,  Cosmos, 
sweet  peas  and  cornflowers.  As  we 
go  over  it  this  seems  a  very  restricted 
list;  there  are  hosts  of  other  things  we 
should  like,  and  it  is  also  open  to  the 
objection  that  it  is  likely  to  leave  some 
gaps  in  flowering  periods.  There  is 
nothing  to  give  early  flowers  except  the 
pansies,  and  these  should  have  been  sown 
the  year  before.  However,  if  the  garden 
is  so  new  that  there  is  nothing  in  it  in 
the  way  of  Spring  bulbs  or  early  shrubs, 
we  must  try  to  remedy  this  by  another 
season. 

It  hardly  seems  necessary  to  go  into 
details  about  sowing  the  seed,  because  as 
a  rule  the  seed  packets  have  concise 
printed  instructions  as  to  time  of  sowing, 
etc.  It  would  be  well,  however,  to 
divide  the  packet  of  pansy  seed  in  half, 
sowing  one  installment  in  a  shallow 
box  or  pan  in  February,  to  start  in 
the  house,  the  remainder  being  sown 
outdoors  in  a  well-prepared  bed  in  early 
Spring.  More  seed  should  be  procured 
later  and  sown  out  of  doors  in  early 
September,  these  plants  being  wintered 
over  outside  to  give  early  Spring  flowers. 
We  should  make  two  sowings  of  the 
mignonette,  too,  one  in  early  Spring  and 
the  other  about  the  first  of  August,  to 
give  us  Fall  flowers. 

If  there  are  early  frosts  in  Fall  we 
often  find  our  Cosmos  cut  down  before 
we  have  had  many  flowers,  even  in 
the  latitude  of  New  York,  if  the  plants 
have  not  been  started  indoors.  If,  for 
this  reason,  we  do  not  wish  to  try 
Cosmos  in  our  50-cent  collection,  we 
would  substitute  the  miniature  or  cu¬ 
cumber-leaved  sunflower,  Helianthus  cu- 
cumerifolius.  This  produces  a  profu¬ 
sion  of  daisy-like  yellow  flowers,  excel¬ 
lent  for  cutting,  all  through  Summer 
and  Fall,  and  with  us  it  always  self¬ 
sows,  so  that  plants  appear  year  after 
year.  It  is  extremely  satisfactory. 

Shirley  poppies  and  Petunias  self-sow 
so  freely  that  we  always  have  plenty  of 
them  year  after  year,  filling  up  odd  cor¬ 
ners  apart  from  those  freshly  sown.  Both 
are  sown  early  and  sometimes  we  sow 
the  Petunias  in  the  Fall,  after  planting 
tulips ;  then  they  make  an  early  growth, 
and  fill  up  the  bed  by  the  time  the  tulips 
are  over.  Petunias  are  transplanted  as 
easily  gs  weeds,  so  we  thin  them  out 
and  plarR  the  extra  ones  anywhere  we 
wish.  I  lie  poppies  do  not  transplant 
well,  because  of  their  long  tap  root, 
though  we  have  successfully  moved  some' 
little  self-sown  plants  early  in  Spring. 

Zinnias  are  so  sturdy  that  we  must 
have  them,  but  unless  a  pink  or  white 
strain  is  chosen  they  must  be  sown 
where  their  vivid  colors  will  not  con¬ 
flict  with  other  flowers.  As  for  sweet 
peas,  they  may  do  well  or  they  may  do 
ill,  according  to  season  and  treatment. 
They  must  be  sown  early,  allowed  to 
root  deeply  and  must  not  suffer  from 
drought.  They  should  be  planted  where 
they  can  be  removed  to  make  way  for 
something  else  when  flowering  is  over. 
We  would  make  two  sowings  of  corn¬ 
flowers.  As  for  the  nasturtiums,  they 
will  “jes’  grow”  like  Topsy  if  given  the 
least  bit  of  a  chance. 

If  we  were  limited  to  50  cents  for 
our  flower  seeds  we  would  cut  out  one 
packet  from  the  above  and  buy  some 
biennial  or  perennial  to  give  us  a  start 
n.e35*  y.ear’  f°r  example,  the  mullein 

•  (Agrostemma  coronaria)  or  Sweet 
William,  or  perennial  Phlox,  or  larkspur. 
Sweet  Williams  ought  to  be  in  every 
garden,  and  both  they  and  the  mullein 
pink  self-sow  very  freely.  If  a  little 
thought  and  a  little  (even  a  very  little) 
money  is  expended  in  this  wav  each 
season,  there  is  no  limit  to  the  perma¬ 
nent  beauty  that  may  be  secured  in  a 
modest  home  garden. 


THE  RU  RAL  NEW-YORKER 


Savory  Dishes  Without  Meat. 

Hulled  Corn  Baked  With  Cream 
Sauce. — Drain  and  throw  away  the  water 
from  a  can  of  hulled  corn  and  rinse 
with  cold  water ;  place  in  a  stewpan 
with  boiling  water  to  cover ;  season  with 
a  teaspoonful  of  salt  and  a  salt- 
spoonful  of  pepper;  cook  slowly  twenty 
or  thirty  minutes  and  drain.  Have  pre¬ 
pared  three  cupfuls  of  nicely  made  and 
seasoned  cream  sauce.  Butter  a  baking 
dish,  put  in  a  layer  of  fine  bread  crumbs, 
then  all  the  hulled  corn  and  dot  with  a 
tablespoon ful  of  butter  broken  into  bits, 
Add  two  or  three  dashes  of  paprika,  an¬ 
other  layer  of  crumbs,  all  of  the  cream 
sauce  and  carefully  cover  with  a  thick 
layer  of  crumbs.  Dot  with  a  dessert¬ 
spoonful  of  butter,  dust  with  a  saltspoon- 
ful  of  pepper  and  salt  and  bake  in  a  mod¬ 
erate  oven  about  twenty  minutes.  The  in¬ 
gredients  may  be  satisfactorily  arranged 
in  individual  baking  dishes.  Potatoes 
are  especially  nice  prepared  in  like  man¬ 
ner. 

Corn  Souffle. — Drain  the  water  from  a 
can  of  corn  and  stir  in  three  tablespoon¬ 
fuls  of  melted  butter.  Beat  four  eggs 
until  very  light  and  turn  with  a  pint  of 
rich  milk  into  the  corn.  Season  well, 
beat  for  several  minutes  and  pour  into 
a  buttered  pudding  dish.  Cover  and  bake 
thirty  minutes..  Remove  the  cover,  brown 
the  souffle  and  serve  directly. 

Cereal  Cutlets. — Put  a  scant  half  pint 
of  milk  in  double  boiler  with  a  table¬ 
spoonful  of  butter  and  when  it  is  scalded, 
add  enough  of  some  of  the  patent  cereal 
preparations  to  make  a  thick  paste, 
dredging  in  a  little  flour.  Turn  into  a 
saucepan  and  stir  and  cook  until  it 
no  longer  adheres  to  the  pan.  Remove 
from  the  fire.  When  cool  add  two  eggs, 
beaten  smooth,  salt  to  taste,  a  little  onion 
juice  and  a  third  of  a  cup  of  finely 
ground  nut  meats.  Mix  well,  shape  into 
small  cutlets,  egg  and  crumb  and  fry 
a  nice  brown  in  deep,  hot  fat. 

N ut  Scrapple. — One  cup  of  nut  meats 
(any  kind  your  prefer),  one  quart  of 
white  beans  boiled  soft  and  colandered, 
one  cup  of  fine  bread  crumbs,  one  tea¬ 
spoonful  salt,  and  a  heaping  teaspoon  of 
powdered  mixed  herbs.  Melt  two  table¬ 
spoons  butter  in  a  cup  of  rich  milk 
and  add  when  cooled  to  the  mixture. 
Work  with  the  hands  and  shape  in  a 
loaf.  Place  in  a  deep  oiled  granite  pan. 
Bake  for  an  hour  in  moderate  oven, 
basting  as  it  needs  with  butter  and  hot 
water.  It  may  be  served  hot  with  the 
sauce  which  will  remain  in  the  pan  or  it 
may  be  cooled  and  served  in  slices  with 
mayonnaise.  The  last  way  is  better  for 
luncheon.  It  is  a  fine  dish. 

Savory  Rice. — Boil  one  cupful  of  rice 
in  three  pints  of  boiling  salted  water  un¬ 
til  the  grains  are  large  and  soft  and 
slightly  forked  at  one  end.  Drain,  rinse 
with  cold  water  and  drain  again  thor- 
oroughly.  Melt  a  tablespoonful  of  but¬ 
ter  in  a  frying  pan,  brown  a  sliced  onion 
in  this.  Remove  onion,  put  in  the  rice 
and  stir  with  a  fork  until  slightly 
browned.  Have  hot  in  another  sauce¬ 
pan  one  cupful  of  tomato  pulp,  rubbed 
smooth  and  seasoned  with  a  saltspoon- 
ful  of  salt  and  a  good  dash  each  of 
paprika  and  white  pepper.  Stir  this  into 
the  browned  rice,  sprinkle  with  two 
tablespoonfuls  of  grated  cheese  and  turn 
into  a  hot  vegetable  dish. 


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NO 


284 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER. 


March  4, 


Perennials  for  the  Home  Garden. 

It  is  difficult  for  the  busy  woman, 
with  many  cares,  to  make  her  garden 
beautiful  with  annuals  land  bedding 
plants,  without  spending  a  great  deal 
of  time  and  waiting  through  the  early 
Summer  for  the  blossoms.  For  this 
reason  the  herbaceous  border  is  most 
satisfactory  if  a  judicious  selection  is 
made  and  plants  put  in  for  succession. 

The  first  thought  is  the  planting,  which 
is  best  done  in  Autumn,  especially  if 
the  soil  is  dry  and  sandy,  but  it  should 
be  done  early  while  there  is  warmth 
in  the  ground.  Dig  deeply,  and  allow 
a  few  days  before  planting  for  the 
ground  to  settle.  Tap-rooted  plants 
are  best  set  out  in  Autumn,  but  the 
soil  should  be  in  a  friable  condition 
and  good  working  order.  After  planting, 
the  soil  should  be  gently  pressed  around 
the  crowns;  this  being  most  important 
on  freshly  turned  land,  while  it  is  very 
necessary  all  through  the  Summer  that 
the  ground  of  the  surface  soil  be  kept 
locse,  as  this  will  save  watering,  and 
fewer  plants  be  lost  in  dry  weather,  the 
evaporation  of  moisture  from  the  -  soil 
being  much  reduced.  In  this  Province 
of  Quebec,  where  nature  takes  a  long 
sleep,  it  is  very  important  that  we  should 
have  plants  that  are  early  to  bloom  and 
hardy,  and  for  these  reasons  it  has  been 
my  fancy  to  experiment  with  some  of 
the  early  herbaceous  perennials,  in  order 
to  have  them  in  bloom  as  soon  as  pos¬ 
sible  after  the  snow  leaves  the  ground. 

Arabis  or  rock  cress  is  a  charming 
dwarf  border  plant,  and  gives  a  good 
effect  mixed  with  Alyssum  saxatile,  the 
brilliant  golden  yellow  of  the  latter  com¬ 
paring  well  with  the  white  Arabis,  and 
making  a  charming  combination  round  a 
bed  or  border  of  violets  that  make  the 
air  fragrant  with  the  first  Spring  warmth. 
Up  from  the  earth  come  the  pinky 
brown  fern-like  leaves  of  the  Dicentra, 
a  spray  of  the  pink  and  white  bleeding 
hearts  being  curled  up  within  each  frond, 
and  by  this  time  the  Anemones  are  in 
full  bloom  with  their  white  starry  flowers 
and  the  Phlox  subulata  or  moss  pink 
surprises  one  with  a  pink  and  white  car¬ 
pet.  The  double  buttercup  (properly 
Ranunculus  acris)  is  a  gay  addition  to 
the  border,  and  so  is  Doronicum  or 
leopard’s  bane.  These  earliest  peren¬ 
nial  should  be  set  out  near  the  house, 
that  the  amateur  gardener,  often  busy 
with  domestic  duties,  may  see  them  from 
the  windows,  or  in  passing,  especially  if 
there  are  sufficient  plants  of  one  va¬ 
riety  to  be  massed  so  as  to  give  a  bit  of 
color.  This  massing  of  plants  where 
there  is  room  prevents  a  spotty  appear¬ 
ance,  a  full  bed  of  one  specimen  being 
most  effective. 

Let  the  beds  or  borders  be  along  the 
margin  of  the  lawn,  or  the  walks  beside 
the  house.  Never  cut  into  the  lawn, 
but  give  the  plants  the  benefit  of  sun¬ 
shine,  far  away  from  the  roots  of  trees, 
that  are  far-reaching  robbers.  There 
are,  however,  some  perennials  that  thrive 
in  shady  places,  if  watering  and  fertiliz¬ 
ing  are  attended  to,  and  among  them 
are  forget-me-not,  Vinca,  columbines, 
foxgloves  and  the  hardy  primroses  and 
Polyanthus.  As  the  season  advances  the 
Campanulas  send  up  their  flower  spikes ; 
the  dwarf  varieties  are  very  pretty  and 
cheerful,  and  the  taller  sorts  are  numer¬ 
ous  and  fine.  How  wonderful  are  their 
pink  or  white  or  blue  saucers,  on  slender 
stems,  while  the  numerous  blossoms  on 
a  spike  of  C.  pyramidalis  is  truly  mar¬ 
velous. 

An  old  favorite  is  the  double  yarrow, 
now  called  Achillea  “The  Pearl,”  and 
another  is  the  scarlet  Lychnis  that  has 
many  names.  A  sudden  blaze  of  red 
takes  us  by  surprise  in  a  distant  border 
and  we  find  that  the  great  buds  of  the 
Oriental  poppy  have  opened.  They  do 
not  last  long  in  hot  weather,  but  are 
brilliant  while  with  us,  and  much  gayer 
than  their  little  sisters  of  the  snow,  the 
Iceland  poppies  that  come  upon  us  un¬ 
awares  in  Spring.  No  perennial  garden 
is  complete  without  its  Sweet  William 
and  hardy  pinks,  while  we  find  the 
Pyrethrum  with  its  colored  daisies  is 
good  for  cutting,  if  we  can  get  them 
without  the  magenta  tints. 

Queen  of  perennial  plants  is  the  beauti¬ 
ful  peony;  they  seldom  fail  to  give  a 
glow  to  garden  while  they  remain  with 
us.  The  clear  rose  tints  are  lovely, 
while  the  white  “Festiva”,  marked  with 
a  carmine  splash  in  the  centre,  is  a  beau¬ 
tiful  flower.  The  peony  is  truly  the 
busy  woman’s  flower,  for  it  grows  with¬ 
out  special  care,  and  if  care  is  made  in 
selection  will  last  a  month,  from  the 
early  crimson  “piney”  of  olden  days  to 
the  dark  crimson  and  pink  that  come 
late.  Water  they  must  have  or  the  buds 
will  blast,  but  they  are  very  floriferous 


and  dependable  and  are  best  planted 
about  the  end  of  August  so  as  to  give  the 
roots  a  chance  to  get  firm  hold  of 
the  soil  before  growth  ceases.  Some 
of  the  Chinese  varieties  are  very  frag¬ 
rant  and  they  almost  supply  the  place 
of  Rhododendrons  where  those  plants 
fail  to  thrive.  But  they  require  rich 
soil,  and  if  the  season  is  hot  and  dry 
should  be  mulched  as  soon  as  buds  are 
set. 

A  pleasant  flower  for  the  background 
to  a  border  is  Dictamnus  fraxinella,  the 
white  especially  being  interesting;  the 
foliage  is  graceful  and  has  a  spicy  frag¬ 
rance  suggesting  lavender.  It  is  some¬ 
times  called  the  gas  plant  on  account 
of  the  volatile  oil  generated  by  its  flow¬ 
ers,  and  is  a  marvel  to  those  who  are 
not  familiar  with  the  fact  that  if  you 
hold  a  lighted  match  a  few  inches  above 
the  plant  when  in  bloom  on  a  calm 
evening,  a  flame  will  appear.  The  monks¬ 
hood  is  an  old  favorite,  but  it  has  danger 
lurking  in  its  stalks  that  I  had  never 
dreamed  of  until  a  small  boy  of  our 
family  ate  some  of  the  seeds,  thinking 
them  black  currants,  and  required  prompt 
attention,  for  Aconitum,  which  is  the 
proper  name,  tells  us  its  properties.  For 
this  reason  care  must  be  taken  that 
monkshood  is  never  planted  in  or  near 
the  kitchen  garden,  for  their  roots  are 
tuberous  and  spreading  and  being  poison¬ 
ous  might  be  used  by  accident,  as  food. 
The  foxglove  is  another  flower  poison¬ 
ous,  but  beautiful,  an  old  garden  favorite, 
stately  and  elegant. 

If  you  are  walking  through  a  garden 
where  old-fashioned  flowers  live,  you 
will  meet  the  bergamot  (Monarda), 
with  its  whorls  of  crimson-scarlet  flow¬ 
ers,  and  fragrant  foliage,  that  responds 
to  your  touch.  Larkspurs  and  Rud- 
beckia  and  then  the  Helenium  tell  the 
story  that  Summer  is  on  the  wane,  and 

( Continued  on  next  page.) 


I-Am 

■  JM  .  ,  . 


m 


4 

;4*., 

#  i  •  f  .< 


%'S 


Unusual  Seed  Offer 

To  get  our  Spring  Catalogue  to  as 
many  flower  lovers  as  possible,  we  will 
send  Three  Large  Packages  of  seeds 
with  the  catalogue  if  you  will  send  us 
your  name  and  address,  with  10  cents  for 
packing  and  mailing. 

We  will  send  enough  Firebrand  Salvia  seed 

i Scarlet  Sage)  for  two  beds,  enough  Great 
)ouble  Spike  Hollyhocks  for  both  sides  of 
the  fence,  and  a  Large  Packet  of  Rainbow 
Mixture  Sweet  Peas.  The  Salvia  shows  its 
dazzling,  scarlet  color  early  in  the  summer  and 
lasts  till  frost.  The  Hollyhocks  are  the  grand, 
old-fashioned  summer  flowering  kind,  rich  in 
tone  and  variety.  The  Sweet  Peas  are  the  new¬ 
est  shades  and  show  perfect  galaxy  of  color. 
This  is  an  offer  you  cannot  duplicate  anywhere. 
Our  catalogue  contains  the  largest  assortment 
of  seeds,  is  beautifully  illustrated,  and  contains 
much  information  for  flower  growers. 

”  WILLIAM  ELLIOTT  £»  SONS 
Established  66  Years  36  Vesey  St.,  New  York 


GRAPE 
VINES 

can  be  bought  right  this  year.  Send  us  a 
memorandum  of  your  wants  for  prices. 

MINER  &  MINER 

Grape  Vine  Growers ,  Sheridan,  /V.  V. 


mm  GRAPEVINES 

6D  Varieties.  Also  Small  Fruits,  Trees,  etc.  Best  Root¬ 
ed  Stock,  Genuine,  cheap,  i  sample  vines  mailed  for  10c.  Peso, 
price-list  free  tun  IS  KOE9CII  A  SON,  llox  K .  Krcdonla,  N.  ¥. 

RAPEVINE 


Large  stock.  Best  varieties.  Best  Grade. 
Guaranteed  true. 

SPECIAL  OFFER. 

We  will  send,  postpaid,  10  strong,  hardy,  two- 
year-old  GRAPEVINES  —  best  varieties,  red, 
white  and  black  — for  $1.00.  Just  the  kind 
for  planting  around  the  house,  along  fences,  or 
in  the  garden.  W e  also  offer  Five  Three- Year- 
Old  Vines  For  $1.00.  Will  bear  year  after 
\  planting.  Our  valuable  hook,  how  to  plant 
and  prune,  free  with  every  order.  Mention 
this  paper  and  we’ll  add  free  one  new,  ' 
large,  red  currant. 

T.  S.  HUBBARD  COMPANY 

Grapevine  Specialists 

.860 Central  Ave.,Krcdunlu,S.Y. 

Established  11  years. 


ROSES 

Guaranteed 

to  Bloom 


ftnpHE  BEST  ROSES  IN 
1  AMERICA.”  This  is 
not  an  idle  boast.  Our  vice-presi¬ 
dent  is  the  foremost  rose  propagator 
of  this  United  States.  Ever  since  the 
Civil  War,  when  this  business  was  first  established, 
he  has  been  developing  rose  culture  and  produc¬ 
ing  the  newest  and  best.  His  genius,  combined 
with  the  rich  soil  of  this  unequalled  rose  country 
and  our  mammoth  modern  greenhouses,  has  made 

Conard  &  Jones  Roses 


excel  in  form,  vitality  and 
guarantee  every  one  to  bloom. 


loveliness.  We  absolutely 


We  cannot  tell  you  here  all  about  their  wondrous  beauty  and  endless  variety,  nor  about 
our  many  other  flozvers,  but  we  zvill  with  pleasure  send  you  our  handsome  illustrated 

Free  Floral  G-uidLo 

from  which  you  may  easily  select  at  your  leisure.  By  all  means  drop  us  a  postal  for 
it  today! 


We  also  issue  that  famous  little  book,  “  How  to  Grow 
Roses”  (1911  edition,  revised),  on  selecting,  planting, 
pruning  and  cultivating.  Enclose  10c  when  you  write 
for  the  catalogue,  and  we  will  mail  the  two  books. 

Here  is  our  popular  “  Five  Point  Set  ’’-Win.  R.  Smith, 
pink  ;  Mme.  Eugene  Marlitt,  rich  red  ;  Usman  Cochet, 
white;  Kirdie  Blye, light  carmine;  Lady  Roberts,  yellow. 
All  for  $1.00— 1-year  size  ;  $2.50— 2-year  size  ;  delivered. 

*lhe  Conard  &  Jones  Co. 

Rose  Specialists— 50  Years’  Experience 

Box  4-C,  West  Grove,  Pa. 


Seeds,  Plants,  Roses, 


Bulbs,  Vines,  Shrubs,  etc. 
Hundreds  of  car  lots  of 
FRUIT  and  ORNA¬ 
MENTAL  TREES.  1,200 
acres,  50  in  hardy  Roses, 
nonebettergrown.  44  green¬ 
houses  of  Palms,  Ferns, 
Ficus,  Geraniums  and 
other  things  too  numerous 
to  mention.  Seeds,  Plants, 
Bulbs,  Roses,  Small  Trees,  etc.,  by  mail,  post¬ 
paid.  Safe  arrival  and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Immense  stock  of  SUPERB  GANNAS,  the 
queen  of  bedding  plants.  Acres  of  Paeonias  and 
other  Perennials.  50  choice  collections  cheap 
in  Seeds,  Plants,  Roses,  etc.  Elegant  168-page 
Catalog  FREE.  Send  for  it  today  and  see  what 
values  we  give  for  your  money.  Direct  deal  will 
insure  you  the  best  at  first  cost.  57  years.  (12) 
The  Storrs  &  Harrison  Co.,  Box  158  Painesville,  0. 


Blue  Rambler  Rose 

(VEILCHENBLAU) 

A  seedling  of  the  famous  crimson  Rambler. 
It  bears  semi-double  flowers  of  medium  size  in 
large  bunches,  and  in  color  is  Violet-Blue.  If 
you  want  something  to  make  people  stop  and 
take  notice  the  Blue  Rose  is  just  the  thing. 

40c  each.  8  for  $1.00 
MISS  MARY  E.  MARTIN,  Floral  Park,  New  York 


Fruit  Trees,  Ornamental  Trees, 

SnRUBS  and  ROSES, 
SMALL  FRUIT  PLANTS 

of  all  kinds  from  the  famous  Lake  Shore  re¬ 
gion  of  northern  Ohio.  Send  for  catalogue. 

MAPLE  REND  NURSERY, 

T.  B.  West,  Lock  Box  287,  Perry,  Ohio. 


>- 


Grow  this  Beautiful  Rose 
In  Your  Garden 

It  is  the  American  Beauty  Rose,  but  very 
much  improved.  Instead  of  being  a  plant 
that  will  only  flower  in  the 
hothouse,  it  will  thrive  and 
bloom  wherever  a  climb¬ 
ing  or  pillar  rose  will. 
It  lias  the  same 
exquisitely  fra¬ 
grant,  rosy -crim¬ 
son  flowers  3  to  4 
inches  in  diameter 
— but  instead  of  a 
few  flowers  it  is 
one  mass  of  bloom 
inj  tine, and  contin¬ 
ues  to  bloom  occa¬ 
sionally  through¬ 
out  the  season. 
The  leaves  of  our 


Climbing 

American 

Beauty 


We  Have  Over  Fifty  Million  Evergreens 

All  hardy, tested,  nursery  grown  stock.  We  ship 
to  all  parts  of  the  world.  Large  as  well  as  small 
trees  supplied,  $4.00  and  up  per  thousand.  Our 
prices  are  lowest  of  all.  Quality  the  highest. 

Hill’s  Trees  Grow 

because  they  are  hardy  and  have  good  roots 
You  can  have  a  beautiful  windbreak,  hedge, 
slielterbelt  or  screen  with  the  hardiest  of  ever¬ 
greens  at  a  very  low  cost.  Our  beautiful  catalog, 
illustrated  In  colors,  is  a  mine  of  information  on 
evergreens,  shade,  ornamental  and  fruit  trees, 
shrubs,  roses  and  vines.  Don’t  buy  until  you 
get  free  catalog  and  sheet  describing  50  won¬ 
derful  bargain  lots.  Send  for  them  today.  ' 
D.  Hill  Nursery  Company,  Box  21*2,  Dundee,  Illinois 
Evergreen  Specialists 


50,000  WILDER  CURRANT 

Plants,  1  year,  at  $14.00  per  M;  in  lots  of  f>,000,  $12.00 
peril.  J.  P.  WYGANT,  Marlboro,  N.  \r. 


are  large,  bright,  glossy  green  and  the  foli¬ 
age  remains  bright  and  attractive  through¬ 
out  the  entire  growing  season.  The  illus¬ 
tration  shows  a  small  part  of  a  photograph 
ofoue  Climbing  American  Beauty  in  bloom. 
Rose-lovers  will  certainly  take  great  delight 
in  this  wonderful  new  rose.  We  will  be 
pleased  to  send  you,  by  mail,  postpaid,  one 
or  as  many  more  as  you  like  of  these  beau- 
tiful  roses.  One-year-old  plants  $2.00  each. 
Write  for  complete  descriptive  literature. 

HOOPES.  BRO.  8  THOMAS  COMPANY,  West  Chestei.  Pm. 


BEAUTIFY  YOUR  HOME 

GROUNDS  WITH  A  PRIVET  HEDGE 

I  will  sell  you  enough  good,  strong,  heavily  rooted 
California  Privet  hedge  plants  to  go  around  your  I 
home  grounds,  planted  six  inches  apart,  for  9c  per 
yard,  packed  to  carry  anywhere,  delivered  to  R.  R.  | 
station  at  Salisbury,  Md.  Measure  distance  around  j 
your  grounds,  see  how  little  it  costs  ami  send  your 
order  to  W.  F.  ALLEN,  Salisbury,  Maryland. 


Try  our  seeds  this  year.  They  will  more 
than  please  you.  Fo  r  only  10c.  in  U.  S. 
stamps  pr  coin  we  will  send  a  regular 
full  size  packet  of 

Beet,  Improved  Blood  Turnip, 

Lettuce,  May  . 

Radish,  Scarlet  Turnip,  White  Tipped, 
Aster,  Queen  of  the  Market,  mixed, 

1  Sweet  Peas,  Finest  mixed,  and  a  copy  ol 
the  best  Catalogue  we  ever  Issued. 
Remember,  these  are  regular  size  packets  and  should  not  be 
compared  with  those  sent  out  in  some  collections.  Send  tor 
the  catalogue  anyway.  It's  free  and  better  than  ever. 

M.  H.  BRUNJES  &  SONS.  iYIuIokcvn  ATr: 


1911. 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


when  my  button  Chrysanthemums  come,- 
there  is  very  little  left  but  a  stray  Cal¬ 
endula  or  Coreopsis,  and  the  native  As¬ 
ters  that  are  very  pretty,  but  apt  to  en¬ 
croach  on  other  ground.  All  through 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  pattern  and  measurement  de¬ 
sired. 

Simple  house  gowns  are  always  liked. 
This  one  is  tasteful  and  very  generally 
becoming  and  it  is  perfectly  simple.  It 
can  be  treated  just  as  illustrated  or  the 

yoke  can  be  cut  on  a  straight  outline  and 
the  neck  finished  either  with  a  round  col¬ 
lar  or  cut  out  to  form  a  square.  The 
long  sleeves  can  be  gathered  into  nar¬ 
row  pointed  cuffs  or  made  with  deep 
plain  cuffs,  as  preferred;  and  if  neither 
is  liked,  plain  elbow  sleeves  can  be  used. 
The  wrapper  is  made  with  fronts  and 
back  which  are  joined  to  the  yoke.  The 
closing  is  made  at  the  front.  In  what¬ 
ever  style  the  sleeves  are  made  they 
are  cut  in  one  piece  each.  For  the 
medium  size  will  be  required  9J4  yards 
of  material  27  or  7l/2  yards  either  36 
or  44  inches  wide,  with  6  yards  of  band- 


28S 


6892  House  Gown  or  Wrapper  with 
Straight  or  Pointed  Yoke, 

34  to  44  bust. 

the  later  season  the  perennial  sunflowers 
bloom  cheerfully;  no  other  plant  being 
sp  accommodating  as  to  soil  and  posi¬ 
tion, ,  for  they  grow  anywhere  and  are 
not  injured  by  frost. 

Many  valuable  perennials  are  not  here 
mentioned,  but  readers  can  always  select 
from  descriptive  catalogues,  whatever 
suits  their  fancy,  and  they  generally 
prove  comfortable  plants,  that  require 
but  little  attention.  Those  inclined  to 
lop  over  should  be  tied  to  stakes,  and 
if  withered  flowers  are  kept  cut  off  be¬ 
fore  going  to  seed,  the  plant  will  retain 
strength  and  often  send  out  an  after- 
math  of  bloom.  Pulling  weeds  and 
keeping  the  ground  loose  is  not  diffi¬ 
cult  around  such  large  plants,  when 
once  established,  and  wood  ashes  applied 
to  the  border  in  late  Autumn,  with  a 
coating  of  strawy  manure  on  top  will  be 
of  benefit,  so  plant  perennials ;  they  will 
reward  the  busy  lover,  and  seldom  cause 
disappointment.  annie  l.  jack. 

Selling  Homemade  Candies. 

I  would  like  information  from  some 
one  who  has  sold  home-made  candy  at 
stores  regarding  prices  received,  profits, 
best  sellers,  recipes  and  anything  which 
may  be  useful  to  one  who  is  contemplat¬ 
ing  this  venture.  a  Vermont  woman. 


ing  to  trim  as  illustrated.  The  pattern 
6892  is  cut  in  sizes  for  a  34,  36,  38,  40,  42 
and  44  inches  bust  measure;  price  10 
cents. 

The  smaller  pictures  include  6907, 
house  jacket  with  peplum  and  body  anc 
sleeves  in  one.  34  to  42  bust.  3  yards 
of  material  27  inches  wide,  2  yards  36, 
1§4  yards  44,  5  yards  of  banding,  for 
medium  size.  6928,  fancy  blouse  34  to 
42,  with  body  and  sleeves  in  one.  2l/2 
yards  of  material  27  inches  wide,  1$4 
yard  36  or  1%  yard  44,  with  yard  21 
for  trimming  and  5/$  yard  of  all-over 
lace  18  inches  wide,  for  medium  size. 
6926,  girls’  cutaway  coat,  with  round 
sailor  collar.  8  to  12  years.  3  yards  of 
material  27  inches  wide,  1^4  yard  44  or 
1/4  yard  52,  with  £4  yard  of  contrasting 
material  27  inches  wide,  for  10-year  size. 
6915,  child’s  kimono,  1,  2  and  4  years.  4 
yards  of  material  27  inches  wide,  2x/2 
yards  36,  2  yards  44,  2%  yards  of  band¬ 
ing  for  2-year  size.  6919,  five-gored 
skirt,  with  tuck  to  give  tunic  effect,  22  to 
30  waist,  7J4  yards  of  material  27  inches 
wide,  A/>  yards  36  or  44,  when  material 
has  figure  or  nap,  5*4  yards  27,  when 
material  has  neither  figure  nor  nap,  5 
yards  of  banding,  width- of  skirt  at  low¬ 
er  edge  2/  yards,  for  medium  size; 
price  of  each  pattern  10  cents. 


We  find  our  most  soothing  companion¬ 
ship  in  trees  among  which  we  have  lived, 
some  of  which  we  ourselves  may  have 
planted.  We  lean  against  them  and  they 
never  betray  our  trust;  they  shield  us 
trom  the  sun  and  from  the  rain ;  their 
Spring  welcome  is  a  new  birth  which 
never  loses  its  freshness,  they  lay  their 
beautiful  robes  at  our  feet  in  Autumn; 
in  Winter  they  stand  and  wait,  emblems 
of  patience  and  of  truth,  for  they  hide 
nothing, .  not  even  the  little  leaf-buds 
which  hint  to  us  of  hope,  the  last  element 
in  their  triple  symbolism.— Dr.  O.  W. 
Holmes. 

Anxiety  is  the  poison  of  human  life. 
It  is  the  parent  of  many  sins,  and  of 
more  miseries.  In  a  world  where  every¬ 
thing  is  doubtful,  where  you  may  be  dis¬ 
appointed,  and  be  blessed  in  disappoint- 
ment — what  means  this  restless  stir  and 
commotion  of  the  mind?  Can  your  so¬ 
licitude  alter  the  cause  or  unravel  the 
intricacy  of  human  events?  Can  your 
curiosity  pierce  through  the  cloud  which 
the  Supreme  Being  hath  made  impen¬ 
etrable  to  the  human  eye?  To  provide 
against  every  important  danger  by  the 
employment  of  the  most  promising  means 
is  the  office  of  wisdom,  but  at  this  point 
wisdom  stops. — Blair. 


OF 


CHILDREN 


depends  upon  proper  nourish¬ 
ment — a  balanced  ration.  The 
most  frequent  lack  is  bone-form¬ 
ing  material,  causing  soft,  weak, 
diseased,  crooked  bones. 

Scott’s  Emulsion 

supplies  every  element  needed. 
It’s  a  balanced  ration  for  bone  as 
well  as  flesh.  Every  child  should 
have  a  small  dose  daily. 

ALL  DRUGGISTS 


“Why,  It  Looks  Like 
A  New  Room” 

That’s  what  everybody  says  when 
you  decorate  your  home  with  Mur- 
esco. 

Its  soft  and  delicate  tints  turn  a 
room  with  dingy  walls  and  ceilings 
into  a  place  of  charm  and  beauty. 

Muresco  is  an  artistic  wall  finish 
that  can  be  applied  direct  over 
smooth,  hard  plaster  surfaces,  or 
over  metal  or  hardwood.  It  comes 
in  many  tints  and  shades,  and  it  can 
be  applied  by  anyone. 

7WRESCO 

For  Walls  and  Ceilings 

Muresco  is  used  in  thousands  of 
artistic  homes.  It  gives  a  restful 
background  for  pictures  and  wall 
decorations.  Decorative  effects  may 

be  produced  by  stencils  which  we 
furnish. 

Ask  your  paint  or  hardware  deal¬ 
er  for  Muresco,  or  write  to  us  for 
suggestions  and  designs. 

Moore’s  Pure  House  Colors 

We  are  makers  of  a  large  line  of 
paints  and  varnishes  for  every  pur¬ 
pose-sold  ready  to  use.  Moore’s 
House  Colors  touch  the  highest 
quality  possible  in  paint-making. 

BENJAMIN  MOORE  &  CO. 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Carteret,  N.  J. 

Cleveland,  O.  Toronto,  Can. 

Chicago,  III, 


Your  Buildings 
Are  Capital 

— just  as  much  as  your  land. 

You  would’nt  think  of 
letting  your  land  run  down. 
Do  you  neglect  your  build¬ 
ings? 

Where  the  paint  has 
scaled  off,  the  weather  will 
soon  work  ruin. 

This  spring  protect  your  buildings  with 
good  paint.  Be  sure  your  painter  uses 

“Dutch  Boy  Painter ” 
White  Lead 

and  genuine  linseed  oil.  You  can  find 
nothing  so  protective,  lasting  and  econom¬ 
ical.  Ask  your  painter. 

You  can  have  free  our  ‘‘Helps  No.  708” 
which  tell  all  you  want  to  know  about 
paint  and  painting. 

National  Lead  Company’ 

New  York  Cleveland  Chicaeo 

St.  Louis  Boston  Buffalo 

Cincinnati  San  Francisco 
John  T.  Lewis  A  Bros.  Co.,  Philadelphia 
National  Lead  &  Oil  Co..  Pittsburgh 


CIDER  and  WINE 


FARM  FflR  <JA  F~ ^  he  cheapest  one  in  Som- 

I  nil  III  -lull  OnLL  erset  County  —  location, 
quality  ot  soil  and  timber  considered.  Contains 
2o0  acres,  100  acres  in  cultivation  and  balance  in 
^rnber.  For  full  particulars  address  JAMES  A.  C. 
DRAVOR,  Princess  Anne,  .Somerset  Co., Maryland, 


No  complicated  mechanism— 
big  capacities.  Requires  only 
2  to  4  h.  p.  to  operate  any  press. 

Also,  HAND  PRESSES, 

GRINDERS,  MILLS. 

Write  to-day  for  free  catalogue. 

THE  G.  J.  EMENY  CO.,  EE  ETON,  N.  Y. 

CIDER  PRESSES 

THE  ORIGINAL  MT.  GILEAD  HV. 

ORATJLIO  PRESS  produces  more  cider 
from  less  apples  than  any  other  and  is  a 
BIG  MONEY  MAKER 
Sizes  10  to  400  barrels  daily,  hand 
or  power.  Presses  for  all  pur 
poses,  also  cider  evaporators, 
apple-butter  cookers,  vine¬ 
gar  generators,  etc.  Cata¬ 
log  free.  We  are  manufac¬ 
turers,  not  jobbers. 

HYDRAULIC  PRESS  MFG.  CO 

(Oldest  and  largest  manufacturers  of  elder 

presses  Su  tho  world.)  _ 

1SX  Jfjncoln  Avenue,  Mount  Gilead,  OUl< 

Or  Room  119  L  39  Cortlandt  St.,  Now  York,  N.  Y. 

I  Rfl  Farm*  £OR  SAIiK  CHEAP,  in  fertih 

,UJ  I  Ul  NIO  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalog™ 
and  map  tree.  Horace  <4.  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa 

T7TRGINIA  FARM  For  Sale.  350  Acres.  $12  Pei 
v  Acre.  H.  J ,  SCHNEBLIN.  Crewe,  Va 

DELAWARE  FARMS  for  salo.  Largest,  most  complete 
list  money  making  farms  in  Stato.  Healthful 
climate,  short  winters,  wonderfully  productive  soil 
Ulus,  catalog  free.  Wm.  G.  Wechtenhiser,  Harrington  Del 


,  -  #  ’fc  ^  _ 

Your  Desire  for  Running  Water 
May  Now  Be  Fulfilled 

Every  drop  of  water  you  now  carry  in  buckets  for  any 
purpose,  in  fair  weather  or  foul,  may  be  drawn  from  a  faucet 
within  the  house.  An  ample  supply  piped  for  bathroom,  kitchen, 
laundry,  sprinkling,  watering  stock  and  fire  protection  can  be 
made  a  reality — with  the  force  supplied  day  and  night  by  the 
l  air  pressure  of  the 


I 


Placed  in  your  basement  or  buried  underground,  no  matter  where  you  live,  your 
plant  is  protected  from  freezing— the  water  is  always  clean,  pure  and  of  equable  temperature. 
Both  hard  and  soft  running  water,  hot  as  well  as  c old,  can  be  piped  where  you  want  it  under 

««  mnnh  nrpssurp  vmi  rlocir-o 

Cut  Out  and  Mail  This  Coupon 


as  much  pressure  as  you  desire. 

The  value  of  a  Leader  Water  System  to  yourself  and 
family  will  be  evident  every  hour  of  every  day — it  cannot  in 
any  sense  be  called  a  luxury.  Its  cost  depends  upon  your 
needs — the  sizes  range  from  a  small  hand  outfit  to  the  largest 
engine  or  motor  driven  plants  for  hotels,  clubs,  school  build¬ 
ings,  isolated  institutions,  and  even  villages  and  towns. 

The  story  is  told  in  “  The  Ques¬ 
tion  of  Water,"  which  we  will 
gladly  send  on  return  of  the  cou¬ 
pon.  Sign  and  mail  it  to-day. 


LEADER  IRON  WORKS, 

4607  Jasper  St.,  Decatur.  III. 

Without  cost  or  obligation,  mail  me 
your  book,  “27ie  Question  of  Water." 


The  trade-mark 
fiat  fen. 

on  the  plant  you  buy 
is  your  assurance  of 
satisfaction.  Make 
sure  it  is  there. 


Name 


Leader  Iron  Works 

Decatur,  Ill.  and  Owego,  N.Y. 

NewYork  City  Office, 15  William  St. 
Chicago  Office,  Monadnock  Block 


■  R.F.D.orBox . 


Town. 


State. 


286 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  4. 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

STILL  ANOTHER  HORSE  COMPANY. 
An  Easy  String  of  Suckers. 


he  left  the  dealer  offered  the  colt  for 
$400.  My  account  with  this  venture 
stands  about  as  follows : 

To  note  paid  in  one  year  with  inter- 

cst  .  ?oo.00 

To  note’  paid  in  two  years  with  in- 

terest  . .  5(5.00 

In  reading  an  article  on  page  S&  by  To  assessments,  approximately .  50-00 

J.  Grant  Morse  regarding  the  farmers’  Total  . $159.00 

horse  company,  I  was  forcibly  reminded  By  f rom 1  Yio^scs  Void! ! ! !  ’. ! !  ooioo 


of  a  similar  experience  we  had  in  1890. 
During  the  Winter  of  that  year  an  agent 
for  a  noted  importer  and  dealer  in 
horses  had  on  exhibition  in  our  town 


By  proceeds  from  colts  raised . 00.00 


Total  .  00.00 

I  lost  the  two  colts  I  raised  in  one  sea¬ 
son. 

This  leaves  a  balance  of  $159,  showing 
two  imported  French  horses,  one  a  black  the  cost  of  experience  and  education 
Coach  horse  called  Fashion,  coming  four  along  this  line.  In  writing  these  facts 

years  old  the  other  a  Percheron  called  I  have  to  expose  my  weakness  in  being 
y.  .  ,  .  ...  caught  by  one  of  the  schemes  planned 

Artiste,  coming  five  years  old.  After  sev-  for  farmers>  but  I  do  so  with  the  same 

eral  weeks  of  canvassing  and  soliciting  object  as  Mr.  Morse,  for  the  benefit  of 

the  agent  secured  a  goodly  number  of  the  readers  of  The  R.  N.-Y. 
farmers’  names  on  his  subscription  list  Oi leans  Co.,  N.  Y.  R.  t.  smith. 
for  stock  in  the  horses.  The  price  to  be 

paid  tor  the  horses  was  $4,500,  in  shares  Fits  in  Pigs. 

of  $100  each.  Nearly  all  of  the  farm-  I  bought  four  Chester  White  pigs  from 

,  ,  ...  .  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  mv  neighbor ;  their  age,  I  think,  was  about 

ers  who  subscribed  were  induced  to  take  seven  weeks,  straight  nice  pigs  when  I  got 

twn  cWes  each  or  T  think  at  first  the  them,  but  soon  after  when  I  fed  them 
two  snares  eacn,  or  i  tninK  at  nr.t  i  e  thpy  would  be  taken  with  a  choking  cough. 

agent  would  not  sell  less  than  two  shares  0ng  espocially  after  these  coughs  was  taken 

to  a  person.  The  agent  could  ligure  out  with  what  i  call  spasms ;  he  would  go 


down,  kick  and  shiver  as  though  dying. 
Since  that  two  of  them  act  stiff  and  sore; 
at  times  it  is  hard  work  for  them  to  get 
to  the  trough.  I  am  keeping  them  in  a 
cow  stable  where  it  is  warm,  and  take  all 
,  pains  to  keep  them  clean  and  dry.  I  am 

subscribers  he  could,  the  dealer  appeared  fee(]inK  now  about  two  parts  middlings  and 


the  income  from  the  horses,  id  after 
deducting  the  expenses  it  showed  a  very 
nice  profit,  on  paper,  for  the  sharehold¬ 
ers.  After  the  agent  ’d  all  of  the 


Highland  View  Stock  Farm. 

Thirty-five  purebred  registered  Percheron  Stallions 
and  Mares  for  sale.  Stallions  from  $300  up,  mares 


SWINTE 


upon  the  scene,  and  with  the  agent  they  one  part  ground  corn;  started  in  with  mid- 

made  personal  calls  upon  the  subscrib-  filings  and  bran  till  just  lately  I  also  fed 

•  .1  i  n  on  the  start  a  stock  food,  but  thought  It 

ers,  announcing  the  stock  all  taken  and  mjght  lie  the  cause  of  their  coughing,  so 

appointing  a  meeting  ef  the  shareholders  stopped  feeding  it.  At  first  I  examined  from  $400  up.  Address  all  correspondence 'to 

shortly  at  a  hotel  in  town  to  organize  pigs  for  black  teeth,  which  I  found  in  all;  -O.  N.  WILSON,  Kittanning,  Pa. 

fho  mmmuv  nlsn  reniiestinrr  and  in-  next.  1  blod  them  when  taken  with  sPaSmS' 

the  company,  also  requesting  ana  in  and  when  thev  became  stiff  and  sore  I  gave 

sisting  upon  a  settlement  with  the  sub-  them  a  dose ‘of  turpentine.  They  are,  I 

scribers  for  their  shares.  Unlike  the  think,  going  to  get  along  all  right  now,  as 

scheme  related  hv  Mr  Morse  of  the  the-v  are  doin£  wcl1  and  have  made  £°od 
scheme  leiatea  L)y  iur.  iuoise  oi  i  growth  for  all  of  their  sickness;  they  are 

joint  note,  which  is  a  later  and  more  about  three  months  old.  Can  you  tell  me 

effective  plan,  each  subscriber  only  paid  what  was  the  matter  and  if  what  I  did  for 

for  the  shares  of  stock  that  lie  took,  them  helped  them  or  not?  Please  give 

either  by  cash  or  notes,  one-half  due  in 
one  year,  with  interest,  the  balance  in 
two  years. 

In  due  time  the  meeting  was  held  and 
the  company  organized,  officers  elected,  _  ^ _  _ 

a  manager  chosen  to  keep  and  care  for  meal  to  the  slop  if  it  is  made  with  water ; 

the  horses  at  $600  per  year,  and  an  omit  the  flaxseed  meal  if  slop  is  made  with 

,  ,  .5  .11  i,„ij _  milk.  Mix  limewater  in  the  slop,  as  so 

assessment  levied  upon  the  shareholders  often  advised  here.  a.  s.  a. 


remedy  for  trouble.  F.  a.  p. 

New  York. 

The  fits  are  purely  due  to  overfeeding 
and  lack  of  exercise.  Black  teeth  do  no 
harm.  Pigs  do  not  need  bleeding.  Reduce 
the  food  and  increase  the  outdoor  exercise. 
Add  ground  (screened  1  oats  and  flaxseed 


to  raise  money  to  carry  on  the  business, 
and  the  horse  company  was  fairly 
launched,  for  the  improvement  of  the 
stock  of  our  county  as  a  business  ven¬ 
ture,  for  the  benefit  of  our  town,  also  to 
increase  the  wealth  of  the  shareholders. 
Before  the  notes  came  due  they  were 
assigned  or  turned  over  to  the  son  of 
the  dealer  for  collection,  and  he  is  the 
one  who  figures  in  all  of  the  subsequent 
transactions.  It  was  also  known  that 
there  was  about  one-third  of  the  stock 
(15  cr  18  shares)  still  held  by  him,  and 
on  which  he  was  paying  assessments. 
This  caused  after  about  two  years  one- 
half  or  more  of  our  members  to  with¬ 
draw  from  the  company  and  commence 
an  action  against  the  dealer  or  son  to 
recover  damages.  After  a  trial  in  the 
county  court  they  obtained  a  verdict  in 
their  favor  amounting  to  about  $30  per 
share  for  those  that  went  into  it.  The 
few  members  left  in  the  company  con¬ 
tinued  the  business  a  year  or  two  longer, 
and  when  the  dealer’s  son  generously 
offered  to  take  back  the  horses  anil  to 
keep  them  free  of  charge  until  he  could 
sell  ihem  (and  that  as  soon  as  possible) 
for  a  fair  price  and  return  to  us  our 
share  of  the  proceeds  we  gladly  ac¬ 
cepted  the  offer  and  shipped  him  the 
horses,  sending  a  man  with  them.  The 
proceeds  have  not  been  received  yet, 
after  16  years  of  waiting.  Perhaps 
there  were  not  any.  We  have  sent  sev¬ 
eral  letters  of  inquiry,  but  could  not  get 
a£j  answer  from  him.  We  have  been 
an  easy  string  of  suckers.  We  ought  to 
have  had  the  assistance  of  The  R.  N.-Y. 
years  ago.  The  business  was  a  losing 
one  from  the  beginning.  We  never  re¬ 
ceived  enough  from  the  service  fees  to 
pay  for  the  keep  of  the  horses.  We  were 
continually  paying  assessments.  We 
raised  a  few  colts.  The  members  had  to 
pay  the  same  service  fee  as  others.  The 
Percheron  proved  to  be  a  poor  foal-get¬ 
ter,  and  should  have  been  exchanged 
for  another  one,  according  to  the  con¬ 
tract. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  the  horse 
market  was  at  a  low  ebb  about  the  time 
our  company  existed  (except  for  com¬ 
pany  horses).  Perhaps  other  companies 
have  done  better.  There  have  been  sev¬ 
eral  formed  in  this  part  of  the  State, 
but  as  far  as  I  can  learn  they  have  been 
a  losing  investment  for  the  farmers. 
They  seem  glad  to  get  out  or  sell  out 
after  a  short  trial.  To  illustrate  the  ex¬ 
cessive  price  charged  by  dealers  to  com¬ 
panies,  but  recently  a  dealer  called  upon 
a  friend  of  mine  living  in  another  part 
of  the  county  and  tried  to  induce  him 
to  help  form  a  company  and  buy  a  colt 
the  dealer  had  for  sale  for  $1600.  My 
friend  refused  to  help  him,  hut  before 


rr;*“ 


NO  MOTORS  TO  ADJUST 
ON  THE  HINMAN  MILKER 

~vrO  Mechanic  is  needed  to  run  THE 
HINMAN;  no  springs  or  weights  or 
motors  to  cause  trouble,  each  machine 
separate,  keeps  each  cows  milk  separate. 

I^OT  one  feature  makes  the  Hinman 
•h'  superior,  it  is  all  right  from  principle 
to  execution.  Progressive  farmers  opin¬ 
ions  and  orders  prove  every  claim  we 
make. 

WRITE  TO-DAY  }-« 

ars  about  the  HINMAN. 

HINMAN 
MILKING 
MACHINE 
CO. 

45  SENEGA  ST. 

ONEIDA,  N.Y. 


Sks  tea®* 


Horses  and  JVEnlcs 

ERGHERON 

STALLIONS  AND  HIRES 

Imported  and  home-bred.  The  best  lot  ever 
shown  in  this  country.  Quality,  price,  guarantee  right. 
For  30  years  an  importer  and  breeder  of  prize  winners. 

IC  L  W  O  O  I)  S  .  AKIN 
170  South  Street,  Auburn,  N.Y. 


TIIE  PERCHERON  SOCIETY 
OF  AMERICA 

Has  just  taken  over  ail  records  and  business 
of  Percheron  Kegistery  Company  of  Colum¬ 
bus,  Ohio.  215  breeders  took  membership  In 
P.  S.  of  A.  during  Dec.  and  January  alone. 

137  more  new  members  added  thru  recent  ac- 
quirementnumed  above.  There  is  now  but  one 
recognized  Society  in  the  Uni  ted  States  record - 
' ing  Percherons.  For  information  address: 

WAYNE  DINS  MORE,  Secretary,  Union  Stock  Yards, Chicago, III. 


Pf)  Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
DU  at  farmers'  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middiefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  ()., 
on  Penna.  R.R.  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O. 


KENTUCKY  MAMMOTH  JACKS,  JEN¬ 
NETS  and  SADDLE  HORSES. 

We  are  the  Largest  Breeders  in  America  of  Mam¬ 
moth  Jacks.  Hampsliireand  Tamworth  hogs.  Stock 
of  all  ages  for  sale.  J.  F.  COOK  8  CO.,  Lexington,  Ky. 


FOR  SALE  OR  EXCHANGE. 

Hackney  and  Standard  Bred  Brood  Mares,  Stal¬ 
lions  and  Fillies,  Aberdeen  Angus  cattle.  Could 
use  Percheron  mares,  mules,  automobile — new. 
Send  for  Catalog  of  Stock.  DELAWARE  STOCK 
FARM,  Myer  &  Son,  Prop.,  Bridgeviile,  Del. 


DAIIIY  CATTLE 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

...  AT  REASONABLE  PRICKS  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


Learn 

about  the  IpUf  Her 

ST*  a  — 

is  one  of 

The  Most  Economical  Production  of  the 
Highest  Class  of  Dairy  Products,  excell¬ 
ing  in  Natural  Color  and  Good  Flavor. 
She  won-  The  Pan  American  Dairy  Breed  Test, 
The  Iowa  Dairy  Cow  Contest, 

Inpartial  Experiment  Station  Trials. 

The  Guernsey  was  the  First  Breed  to  establish 
an  Advanced  Register  on  basis  of  Years 
Records  with  Public  Supervision. 

An  average  of  over  1200  official  years  records  Bhow  : 

8070  lbs.  Milk  410  lbs.  Butter  Fat 

(Equivalent  to  -IGOlbs.  butter) 

AVERAGE  PER  CENT.  BUTTER  FAT  5.03 

Full  information  regarding  the  breed  by  writing 

The  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club 

Box  R,  PETERBOBO,  JST.  II. 

To  Avoid  Inbreeding,  We  Will  Sell  Our 
HERD  BULL 

AMERICA  DE  KOL  BURKE. 

A  great  son  of  the  great  De  Kol  Burke.  It  will 
pay  you  to  come  and  see  him.  Write  for  pedigree 
Also,  four  months  Bull  Calf  for  sale 

CLOVElf lk ALE  FARM,  Chni-lolte,  N.  Y. 

C.  S.  Hunt,  Owner  J.  J.  Eden,  Manager 


DAIHY  CATTLE 


A  BERKSHIRE  OR  DUROC  PIG  given  for  a 
A  few  hours  of  your  time.  Stamp  forpurticulars. 
PENNA.  BERKSHIRE  CO.,  Fannettsburg,  Pa. 

LARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD— Special  Offering 
of  Service  Boars.  Good  useful  Boars,  $30  to  $40. 
Fancy  Boars  for  the  breeder  and  exhibitor,  $50  and 
They  should  develop  into  800-pound  boars  at 
maturity,  H.  C.  8  H.  B.  HARPENDING,  Dundee,  N.  Y. 

LARGE  BERKSHIRES 

Orders  booked  for  Spring  Pigs.  August  and 
September  pigs  from  Jitters  averaging  ten. 

.  .  Catalogue  on  application  .  .  . 

WILLOUGHBY  FA  KM ,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

SOMETHING  NICE— Dnroc  Jersey  Swine,  Partrilge 
and  Golden  Rock  Chickens,  Bourbon  Rod 
Turkeys,  Embden  Geese,  Crested  White  Ducks. 

J.  H.  LEWIS,  R.  No.  2,  Cadiz,  Ohio. 

THE  BIG,  DEEP  FELLOWS 

that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pics  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

”  SliENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  P.a. 


SMSiiHOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somerville,  N.  J. 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descrij>tive  Booklets  Free 
HOLST  El  N-FRI  ESI  AN  ASS'N  OF  AMERICA 

F. L.  HOUGHTON. SEC-Y. BOX  1 0S. BRATTLEBORO.VT. 

MAPLE  HURST  STOCK  FARMS,  Guilford,  Conn.,  offer  lor 
sale!  Jersey  Bull  Calves  eligible  for  registry, 
7  Guernsey  Bull  Calves  eligible  to  icgistry.  Jer¬ 
seys  headed  by  Hood  Farm  Pogls,  Guernseys  headed 
by  imported  Famine’s  Zac  Taylor.  Splendid 
speclmensof  both  breeds.  Four  magnificent  Berk¬ 
shire  Boar  Pigs  eligible  to  registry.  Sired  by  Hood 
Farm  Rex  anil  dam  Hood  Farm  Dinah.  Also  20 
&  weeks  old  Chester  White  Pigs.  One  11  months 
old  Chester  White  Boar.  20  single  and  double 
comb  It.  I.  lted  Cockerels,  Tuttle  strain.  The 
above  stock  is  guaranteed  and  the  price  is  right. 


DUROGS 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.-^ £5 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will,  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Proprietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


F 


.OR  SALE— Jewel  Hengerveld  Butter  Boy— Born  Oct.  8, 
1908.  Sire,  Neali  Pauline  De  Kol  Butter  Boy. 
)am,  Jewel  Hengerveld  De  Kol  2d.  He  is  O.  K. 
Must  sell— am  overstocked. 

MYRON  J.  PULIS.  Warwick,  N.  Y. 


I 

every  way. 


Breed  Up— Not 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dam's.  No  better  sires.  R.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


JERSEYS 


-Combination  and  Golden  Lad;  for 
sale,  2  cows,  7  heifers,  3  bulls. 

S.  E.  NIVIN,  Laudenburg,  Pa. 


young  sons  before  it  is  too  late.  Nothing  over  three 
months  old  on  hand  at  present.  Address 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Laurel  Farm,  -:-  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 

Millr  PrnHnrprc  for  Kew  v„ork  C?*?  market 
1Y111K  rlUUUtCl  Y  desiring  information  how  to 

form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
tho  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 


Fnrolia  Qtnplf  Farm~lie8istered  Jersey  Bulls 
LulUnd  OlUbn  1(11  III  allrj  Heifers. 0  monthsto  2 
years  old.  Chester  White.  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  Pups  and  a  variety 
of  poultry.  Send  two-eont  stamp  for  circular. 

EDWARD  WALTER,  West  Chester,  Pa. 

Robinson's  HOLSTEINS  are  Producers 

They  are  Tuberculin  Tested.  Forty  just  fresh  and 
that  will  freshen  in  the  next  two  months,  with 
milk  records  from  8,000  to  12,000  lbs.  in  the  last 
year.  V.  D.  ROBINSON.  Edmeston,  N.  Y. 


DOGS 


pm  I  IC  Pll  DC— From  imported  stock.  Females 

UULLIL  rUrOcheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 

p nil jn  Dime- Sable  and  white,  from  imported 
UUIIIu  IUJJ5  champion  stock.  Are  actual  dri¬ 
ers  at  $8  and  $10  each.  Ira  Keller,  Prospect,  Ohio. 


JS  XV  X  3ST  !EJ 


01bs-9TTonflis 

Jersey  Reds  fatten  easily  8  quickly,  j 

brmill-boneii,  loug-bodied,  vigorous  I 
&  prolific.  Meat  unsurpassed.  Havel 
some  choice  offerings  now.  Write  | 
for  catalog  and  prices.  Arthur  J.  1 
J|^^LLiN8^Jox^l^^loore8to\v^N^J 


REGISTERED  BERKSHIRES 

SPRING  OFFERING  OF  PIGS  y°r,1Sr'iHo»s»Sakin 

From  such  grand  strains  as  “Loyal  Berks,”  “Lord  Premier  50,001,”  Masterpiece  77,000,” 
“British  Lord  88,504,”  "Berryton.Dpkes  Model  123,246”  and  other  noted  sires.  I  have  the  right 
kind  and  can  please,  vou.  Write  and  let  me  send  you  pedigrees,  etc.  Satisfaction  guaranteed 

or  no  sale.  Ad(lress  Col.  HENRY  HOLLYDAY,  Jr.  Saint  Aubin  Farm,  Easton,  Md. 


Annual  March  Sale. 


100 


Belgian,  Percheron  &  German 
Coach  Stallions  and  Mares 


100 


WEDNESDAY,  MARCH  8,  1911, 

At  the  SHARON  VALLEY  STOCK  FARM,  Newark,  Ohio 

Another  great  opportunity  to  buy  the  low-down, 
broad  out,  heavy  boned  stallions  and  mares  for 
spring  work  and  breeding.  You  cannot  afford  to 
wait  another  season  to  get  started  right  in  the 
horse  industry.  Do  not  fail  to  attend  this  sale, 
where  you  will  see  more  quality,  more  finish  and 
more  reasonable  prices  than  at  any  other  import¬ 
ing  barns  in  America.  Theso  stallions  and  mares 
are  tlio  farmers’  money  makers,  and  you  should 
not  fail  to  attend  this  sale.  Save  the  expenses  of 
an  agent  by  buying  direct  from  tho  importer. 
Also,  one  carload  of  fine  MILES  will  be  offered 
at  this  sale.  „  .  ,  ,  ,  ,.  . 

Sale  to  begin  at  10  o  clock  sharp,  regardless  of 
weather,  as  it  will  be  conducted  in  the  barn  with 
every  convenience  for  your  comfort.  Keep  in 
mind  the  day  and  date,  Wednesday,  March  8, 1911. 

Col.  G.  W.  CRAWFORD,  Newark,  Ohio. 


Gheshires 


The  pig  with  fine,  strong 
bones,  able  to  stand  unwell 
under  heavy  weight.  M0RN- 
INGSIDE  FARM,  Sylvania,  Pa. 


CHELOON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
0  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  E.  BARNES.  Oxford.  N.  Y. 


Reg,  P.  Chinas,  Berkshires,  G. 


Fine,  large  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 
Pups,  Beagles  and  Poultry.  Write  for 


prices  &  circulars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Middletown  Pa. 


WITHOUT  MM 

Write  for  Free  Booklet 


'How  to  Raise  Calves  Cheaply  and  Successfully  Without  Milk" 

Contains  full  information  and  complete  feeding  directions  for  using 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal— The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute 

Three  or  four  calves  can  be  raised  on  it  at  the  cost  of  one  where  milk  «s  fed. 

No  mill  feed  The  only  calf  meal  manufactured  in  an  exclusive  Calf  Meal  Factory 


Established  at  Leicester,  England,  in  1 600. 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory,  Waukegan,  Ill. 


1911 


287 


MARKETS 


Week  Ending  February  24,  1911. 


BUTTEIl 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 26  ia  .27 

Good  to  Choice .  . 24  @  26 

bower  Grades  . 20  @  22 

Storage..... . ig  ®  .23 

State  Dairy,  best . 23  (Q  24 

Common  to  Good . 16  @  20 

Factory  ...  15  @  ,16 

Packing  Stock . 12  @  .15 

Elgin  111.  butter  market  steady  at  26 14  cents. 


Full  Cream,  best. . 

CHKKSE 

17 

Common  to  Good  .. 

@ 

ffl 

.13 

.12 

Skims . 

EGGS 

White,  good  to  choice . 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 

Common  to  Good . 

Storage . 

Western,  best . 

Under  grades . 


BEANS 

Marrow,  100  lbs . 

Medium. ...  . 

Pea . 

Yellow  Eye . . 

Bed  Kidney .  . 

White  Kidney . 

HOI’S 

Prime  to  Choice . . 

Common  to  Good . 

Pacific  Coast . . 

§erman  Crop,  1910 . . 

ClDEIi  VINEGAR 

Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 

Standard  Grade . 

DIMED  FRUITS 

Apples,  evap.  fancy . 

Evap.,  com.  to  good . 

Sun  Dried . 

Chops . 

Cores  and  Skins . 

Raspberries . 

Cherries . 

FRESH  FRUITS 

Apples,  Russet,  bbi . 

Wlnesap . 

Greening . 

York  Imperial . 

Baldwin . 

Spy . 

Western — 

Newtown,  box . 

Spitz,  box . 

Rome,  box . 

Wlnesap,  box . 

Gano.  box  . 

Cranberrl  es — 

Cape  Cod,  bbl . 

Long  Island,  bbl . 

Jersey,  bbl . 

Pears,  Kieffer.  bbl . 

Strawberries.  Fla.,  qt . . 

Oranges,  Fla.  box . 

Porto  Rico . 

California . 

Grape  Fruit,  Fla.  box . 

Pineapples,  Havana,  18s . 

Porto  Rico,  30s  to  24s . 

HONEY 

White  Clover,  lb  . 

Buckwheat,  lb . 

Extracted,  lb . 


.  ,23 

@ 

.25 

@ 

.21 

@ 

.17 

.  .12 

© 

.16 

.  .20 

@ 

.21 

.  .12 

@ 

.15 

IS 

3.95 

.  3.50 

IS 

3.55 

3.40 

@ 

3.60 

@ 

3.90 

IS, 

5.75 

.  4.75 

is 

5.00 

.  .28 

@ 

.29 

@ 

.27 

.  .20 

@ 

.21 

.  .50 

@ 

.53 

.22 

IS 

.24 

.13 

® 

.15 

.12 

rs 

13 

.06 

@ 

.11 

@ 

.07 

•04Jt>@. 

05 

.04 

IS 

.05 

.28 

<& 

.30 

.15 

@ 

.18 

3.00  ©4.00 
4.011  @  5.50 
4.00  @  0.00 
4.00  IS)  0.00 
4.00  IS  5.50 
4.00  rs  5.00 

1.60  IS  2.25 

1.75  @  2.25 
1.7o  IS  2.25 
2  00  @  2.50 
1.00  IS  2.00 

9.50  @10.50 

9.50  @11.00 

8.50  @  9.00 

2.75  rs  3.00 
.20  IS  .40 

2.00  IS  3.50 

1 .75  IS  2.25 

2.50  IS  4.00 
2.50  @  3.00 
1.00  IS  2.25 

1.75  @  2.10 


.12 

@ 

.14 

.09 

@ 

.10 

.07 

@ 

.09 

VEGETABLES 


Potatoes — N.  Y.  State,  180  lbs .  1.20  @  1.50 

Long  Island,  180  lbs .  1.50  is  2.00 

Maine .  1.40  @  1.60 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bbl . 75  @  1.25 

Brussels  Sprouts,  qt . 08  IS  .17 

Beets,  new,  100  bunches .  2. 00  IS  3  50 

Carrots,  bbl .  1.00  is  L50 

Southern,  new.  bbl .  1.25  is  2.00 

Cabbage— Danish  seed,  ton . 9.00  @12.00 

Domestic .  5  00  @  8  00 

New,  Southern,  bbl .  1.60  IS  1.76 

Celery,  doz . 50  @1.00 

Chicory,  bbl .  1.75  @2.25 

Cucumbers.  Fla.  bu . 3.00  @  4.00 

Escarol,  bbl . 2.00  IS  2.50 

Endive,  French,  lb . 12  IS  .13 

Kale,  bbl .  125  @1.30 

Kohlrabi,  Southern,  bbl .  2.50  @  4.00 

Lettuce,  5-6-bbl.  bkt . 50  @  1  2o 

Peppers,  Southern,  bu . 3.00  is  4.00 

Onions,  Orange  Co,  bag .  1.50  @  2.00 

Conn.  Yellow,  100  lbs .  1.40  @  1.00 

White  pickle,  bu . 75  @1.25 

Peas,  Fla,  bu .  1.25  @  3.50 

Romalne,  Southern,  %  bbl . 50  @1.00 

Salsify,  100  bunches . 4.50  @  5.00 

String  Beans,  bu .  1.25  @  2.50 

Spinach,  bbl .  1.50  IS  2.00 

Squash,  bbl .  1.75  @  2.25 

Turnips,  Rutabaga,  bbl . 75  @1.00 

White,  bbl .  1.00  is  1.60 

Leeks,  Southern,  100  bunches .  2.00  rs  3.00 

Egg  Plants,  Fla,  box .  3.00  ®  4.50 

Parsnips,  bbl .  1.75  @  2.25 

Parsley  bbl .  3.00  is  3.50 

Tomatoes,  Fla.  crate .  2.00  IS  3.50 


HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 


Cucumbers,  best,  doz .  2.00  IS  2.50 

Common  to  good . 75  @  1.00 

Mushrooms,  lb . 15  @  .25 

Radishes,  100  bunches .  2.00  @  3!60 

Rhubarb,  doz  bunches . 40  @  .00 

Tomatoes,  lb . 15  ©  .35 

BERMUDA  PRODUCTS 

Potatoes,  No.  1 ,  bbl .  6.00  @  6.50 

No.  2  “  .  5.00  @  5.50 

Beeta,  bu.  crate . 75  @1.00 

Carrots,  crate . 75  @  1.00 

Lima  Beans,  %  bu .  2.50  @  3  50 

Peas,  %  bu .  1.50  @  2.50 

Parsley,  bu.  crate .  1.00  @  1.25 

Romalne,  crate . 35  @  .60 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Chickens,  lb . 14  is  .16 

Fowls . 16  is  .17 

Roosters . 10  @  .11 

Ducks . 16  @  .18 

Geese . 12  IS  .13 

Turkeys . 18  IS  .20 

DRESSED  POULTRY 

Turkeys,  Fancy . 22  IS  .23 

Common  to  Good . 16  @  .20 

Chlokens,  roasting,  prime . 18  @  .20 

Common  to  Good . 14  @  .17 

Fancy  broilers,  lb . 30  IS  .35 

Powls .  14  @  .17 

Capons,  best,  lb . 24  @  .25 

Medium  grades . 22  &  .23 

Small  and  Slips . 14  IS  .18 

Ducks,  Spring . 15  @  .20 

Geese,  spring . 12  @  .14 

Bquabs,  doz .  2,00  @  5,00 


COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 


Calves,  good  to  prime . 

Common . 

.  .13  @  .14 

Lambs,  hothouse,  head . 

Pork,  light . 

.  4.00  IS  9.00 

11  (ft  19 

Medium  to  heavy  . . 

Roasting  Pigs,  lb . 

.  .10  ffi  .11 
.  .14  @  .17 

Hat  and  STRAW 
Hay,  No.  1.  ton . 

on  on  ^  ot  nn 

Clover  Mixed . 

19  on  ia  nn 

oiraw,  Kye .  Q  rtn  /»  11  (in 

Oat  and  Wheat . 

.  8.U0  @  9.00 

THE:  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


LIVE  STOCK 

NMlve  Steers,  100  lbs .  6.00  @  6  65 

Oxen  and  Stags . 5.00  @6.00 

Cows .  2.40  @  4.00 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 8.50  @11.00 

Culls  . 4.00  @6.50 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 3.25  @  4.50 

Lambs . 6.00  IS  6.60 

Hogs . 8.50  @8.60 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.04  @  ... 

No.  2,  Red .  92J^@  ... 

No.  1  ilacaroui . 94J^@  ... 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 49  @  .52 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 35  @  .37 

Rye . 80  @  .83 

MILL  FEED 

Spring  Bran,  ton .  25.00  IS  26.00 

Standard  Middlings .  27.00  @  28. U0 

Red  Dog .  28.00  @  29.00 

Hominy  Chop .  22.50  @  23.70 

Linseed  Meal . . .  35.00  @  36.00 

Corn  Meal .  24.00  IS  25.00 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  14.10 

Middling  Gulf .  14.35 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  13.90 

Good  Middling .  14.20 


is 


Subduing  Brush  Land. 

Reader  (A 'o  Address). — What  treatment 
would  you  advise  for  a  piece  ol  land,  long 
neglected  and  grown  up  to  small  trees  and 
blackberry  vines,  which  I  am  clearing  to  put 
it  into  condition  for  garden  crops?  Soil 
light  and  well  drained,  and  seems  to  hav 
fair  supply  of  humus  from  the  crops  0 
leaves  of  many  years.  I  have  plenty  of  horse 
manure  to  use  if  thought  advisable.  How 
about  lime  if  land  is  sour,  which  I  doubt 
to  be  the  case?  On  parts  of  the  above 
piece  are  a  number  of  large  and  remarkably 
thrifty  apple  trees,  but  hearing  very  few 
apples  the  past  season.  From  the  rank 
growth  they  display  would  you  not  conclude 
that  nitrogen  was  needed,  but  muriate 
of  potash  or  something  of  that  sort? 

Ans. — We  should  test  this  soil  with 
litmus  paper  to  see  if  lime  is  needed. 
This  test  lias  been  often  published.  The 
fact  that  these  trees  make  such  a  rank 
growth  shows  that  the  soil  is  rich  in 
nitrogen.  A  mixture  of  acid  phosphate 
and  potash  would  be  best  to  go  with 
the  manure.  If  you  can  buy  the  chemi¬ 
cals  mix  four  parts  of  the  phosphate  to 
one  of  muriate  of  potash  and  broadcast 
after  plowing  at  the  rate  of  600  pounds 
per  acre.  If  you  cannot  get  the  chemi¬ 
cals  use  a  mixed  fertilizer  without  nitro 
gen,  but  high  in  potash  and  phosphoric 
acid.  Use  this  freely  around  these  trees 


i'll  Save  You  $50 

On  a  Manure  Spreader 
r  If  You9 it  Let  Me 

This  is  just  a  little  ad — but  a  postal  will  bring  my  Big 
Book— and  give  you  my  $50.00  Saving  Price  and  Special 
Proposition.  Y oti  can  save  as  much  answering  this  little  ad¬ 
vertisement  as  if  it  coveied  a  page. 

My  Spreader  positively  will  do  better  work  and  last  longer  I 
than  any  Spreader  made — no  mat¬ 
ter  what  the  price— so  why  pay  $50  a 
more?  40,000  farmers  havoj 
•tamped  their  O.  K.  onl 
my  spreader  and  money* 
saving  price.  My  Special 
Proposition  wiil  interest  you.  - 
Just  a  postal  addressed  to  Gal¬ 
loway  of  Waterloo,  Iowa,  will* 
bring  you  everything  postpaid. 

<>WIII  You  Pay  a  Penny  For 
The  Postal  and  Save  $50.00? 

Address  Wm.  Calloway,  Pres* 

WM.  CALLOWAY  CO. 

669  Calloway  Sta.  Waterloo,  la. 


SCAB — Cured 
CHOLERA — Prevented 

BY  THE  USE  OF 

MINOR’S  FLUID 

SHEEP  AND  HOG 

DIP 

Kills  ticks,  lice,  etc. 

Cures  mange,  scurvy 

The  W,  E.  Minor  Disinfectant  Co. 

1518  Columbus  Rd.  Cleveland,  O. 


Sound  Horses 

made  and  kept  sound  the  world 
over  by 

\V5NN’S 
OINTMENT 

Note  the  sign.  Price  S 1 .00  per 
Bottle.  Of  druggists  or  by  mail. 
Testimonials  free  for  the  asking. 

W.  B.  Eddy  &  Co..  Whitehall,  N.T. 


LAMENESS  from  a  Bone  Spavin,  Ring 
Bone,  Splint,  Curb,  Side  Bone  or  simi¬ 
lar  trouble  can  be  stopped  with 


AfJSORBINE 


Full  directions  in  pamphlet  with  each 
bottle.  $2.00  a  bottle  at  dealers  ordelivered. 
Horse  Book  9  D  free. 

AltSOUBINL,  JB„  for  mankind,  $1 
a  bottle,  removes  Painful  Swellings,  En¬ 
larged  Glands.  Goitre,  Wens,  Bruises,  Varl 
Oose  Veins,  Varicosities,  Old  Sores,  Allays  Pain. 
W.  F.  YOUNG,  P.  D.  F.,  88  Temple  St.,  Springfield,  Mass. 


We  are  going  to  give  away  a  Solid  Gold  Watch,  absolutely 
free.  It  may  go  to  some  dairyman,  or  his  wife,  son  or  daughter— -the 
one  who  makes  the  best  reply  to  the  following  questions: 

1.  What  is  Protein? 

2.  What  is  the  difference  in  feed  value  of  one  ton  wheat  bran 
analizing  .1669  per  cent  protein  as  compared  with  one  ton 
wheat  bran  showing  in  the  analysis  .1569  per  cent  protein? 

3.  How  do  you  determine  your  answer  to  question  17o.  2? 

4.  How  old  are  you? 

5.  Have  you  ever  taken  an  agricultural  course  In  school,  col¬ 
lege  or  university? 

6.  If  so,  where,  and  how  long  in  attendance? 

7.  Do  you  use  ELMCO  Feeds  in  your  herd? 

8.  What  is  the  source  of  your  supply? 

9.  Do  you  keep  daily  record  of  the  milk,  cream  or  butter  re¬ 
ceived  from  each  cow  in  your  herd? 

10.  Have  you  ever  before  heard  of  ELMCO  Feeds? 

11.  How  did  you  leant  of  ELMCO  Feeds? 

12.  In  what  paper  did  you  see  this  offer? 

13.  What  is  your  name? 

14.  Where  do-you  live  (Give  town,  County  and  State.) 

15.  What  is  your  mail  address? 

This  offer  closes  April  1st,  1911,  and  all  answers  must  be  in 
our  hands  by  that  date.  The  winner  will  be  determined  by  the  person  in 
charge  of  the  La  Crosse  County  School  of  Agriculture,  who  will  judge 
the  answers  and  winners  will  be  announced  in  this  paper. 

Officials  or  faculty  members  of  any  univer¬ 
sity  or  agricultural  school  are  not  eligible  in 
this  contest. 

RULES. 


Write  answers  plainly  on  separate  sheet  of  paper,  and  number  each  answer  to  correspond  with 
number  of  question.  Then  mail.  That’s  all. 

Some  one  is  going  to  get  this  valuable  prize.  It  may  be  you.  Try  for  it. 


<3LMC0JFEED£3: 

ll 


[glESULTSj 
Listman  Mill  Co., 

La  Crosse,  Wis. 


PUIUP  REPUBLIC  FARM  CATES 


Handsome  Catalog  of  Republic  Farm 
Gales  and  Ornamental  Fences  sent 
FREE. 


REPUBLIC  FENCE  4  GATE  CO., 


.And  see  for  yourself  how  convenient,  inex¬ 
pensive  and  durable  they  are. 

Easily  raised  above  snow  drifts,  or  to  allow  chickens  or  hogs 
to  pass,  at  the  same  time  turning  cattle  and  horses. 

Cost  less  than  wooden  gates,  more  easily  handled 
and  last  ten  times  as  long. 

REPUBLIC  FARM  GATES 

are  built  to  stand  (he  wear  and  tearol  years.  Frame  made 
ol  high  carbon  extra  heavy  tubular  steel,  thoroughly  braced 
to  prevent  sagging.  No  holes  to  weaken  the  gate.  Fabric  is  I 
larve  heavily  galvanized,  rust  proof  wires,  closely  spaced.  | 

A  gate  that  weather  and  slock  cannot  destroy. 

211  Republic  St., 
NORTH  CHICAGO,  ILL. I 


As  they  some¬ 
times  are. 


A a  “  IS  A  VE-TII  E-HORSE  ’ 
can  make  them. 


MINERAL 
HEAVE 
REMEDY 


LUMP-JAW  V 


positively  cured  in  less 
than  3  weeks  with  onoap- 
plication  of— 

ADAMS 

Rapid  LUMP-JAW  Cure 

Easy  method,  little  expense,  no  pain 
or  scars.  Written  guarantee  with  each  bottle. 

REMOV-ALL— “Beats  ’Em  All”  for  Sprains, 
Curb,  Bog  Spavin,  all  lameness.  Sold  on 
money-back  guaranty. 

Free— Treatise  on  curing  animal  diseases. 
Write  for  copy  today. 

H.  C.  ADAMS  MFC.  CO. 

Dept.  50,  Algona,  Iowa 


A  '5  "vP*"  *' 

Time  nnd  Hardest  Work  Can’t  Bring  It  Back! 

k'f  30"’  91.110’  O':1-  4.  1310.  —  I  want  to  say  there  is  no  use  of 
C”driVh  lam°  ,\°rs0  iC  thf  y  wiU  ill3t  try  ••  Savc-The- 

one Trill.  °"%r  ;l,n°  * c°uld  not  use  him.  After  using 

£•  ksve-Thc- Horse  he  lias  never  taken  alamo  step, 
dl rive  him  every  day  in  my  business,  which  is  serving  pa- 
™  <”®r  the  hilliest  county  m  the  state.  You  can  use  this  with 
pleasure,  as  this  is  absolutely  a  voluntary  testimonial. 

W.  C.  Davidso.-j,  Sheriff  of  Col.  Co. 

E.  O.  MESSIER, 

Engineer.  Beal  Estate  and  Insurance, 

1008  Elm  street,  Manchester,  N.  U..  Oct.  22,  1310. 

_  I  sent  $5  for  “Save-The-Horse”  to  euro  a  Bono  Spavin.  At  the 
time  he  was  not  worth  $1  ;  beforo  he  had  the  Spavin  l  was  of¬ 
fered  $000.  Four  veterinarians  told  mo  he  was  incurable,  so  I 
felt  blue,  as  you  might  believe.  Since  one  month  after  treating 
him  with  “Saye-Tho-Horse"  ho  has  not  taken  a  lame  step  and  I 
have  driven  him  every  day,  and  oven  thirty  miles  the  same  day. 

Save-The-Horse”  lias  dono  more  than  four  doctors  in  a  year. 
Now  it  seems  exaggerated,  but  anyone  in  doubt  can  call  at  the 
neigh iio rs  to  prove  what  I  say,  and  furthermore,  the  horse  can 
give  them  a  ride,  and  probably  one  of  the  best  in  their  lifetime. 
I  cannot  say  enough  to  praiso  your  remedy.  E.  C.  Messier. 

$5.00  a  Bottle  With  Signed  GUARANTEE 

A  binding  CONTRACT  to  protect  purchaser  absolutely  in 
treating  and  curing  any  case  of  Bone  and  Bog  Spavin,  Thorough* 
pin.  Ring-bone  (except  low).  Curb,  Splint,  Capped  Hock,  Wmdpuff, 
Snoehoii,  Injured  Tendons  and  all  Lameness.  No  scar  or  loss  of 
hair.  Horse  works  as  usual.  Send  for  copy  of  contract,  book¬ 
let  on  all  lameness  and  letters  on  every  kind  of  case. 

At  all  druggists  and  dealers,  or  express  paid. 

Troy  Chemical  Co.  84  Com’l  ave.Binghamton.N.Y. 


NEGLECT 
Will  Ruin 
YourHorse' . 

Send  today  for 
only 

PERMANENT 


SAFE 
CERTAIN' 


,  1  at 

* 


S3  PACKAGE 

will  cure  any  case  or 
money  refunded. 

$1  PACKAGE 

cures  ordinary  cases. 
Postpaid  on  receipt  of 
price.  Agents  Wanted. 

Write  for  deBcrlptivo  booklet. 


Mineral  Heave  Remedy  Co.,  461  fourth  Avenue,  Pittsburu.  p» 


Bickmore’s  Cure 


Harness  and  Saddle  Galls 

Great  hot  weather  remedy  for  galls,  sore 
shoulders,  wire  cuts,  sores.  A  healing,  cur¬ 
ing  salve  in  use  18  years;  standard  remedy 
with  horsemen.  Cures  while  horse  works.  Sold 
by  dealers  ;  money  back  if  it  fails.  Send  5c 
(for  postage  and  packing)  and  get  sample 
and  84-page  valuable  horse  book. 

Bickmore  Call  Cure  Company 

Box  282  Old  Town,  Maine 


Choice  Virginia  Farms  Sr  C.  &  O.  R’y 

as  low  as  $15.00  PER  ACRE.  Abundant  rainfall,  rich  soil,  mild  winters,  nearby  Eastern  markets 
Write  for  illustrated  booklet,  ‘‘COUNTRY  LIFE  IN  VIRGINIA”  (100  pages)  and  low  excursion 
rates.  Address  K.  T.  CRAWLEY,  Indus.  Agt.  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  R’y,  Box  ai  Richmond  vT 


288 


THE  RUKAI,  NEW-YORKER 


March  4, 


N o  More  Need 
For  Silage 

KXRMHMBnn  ■■HMBnBHHn 

Dried  Beet  Pulp  is  a  better  and 
cheaper  feed  than  corn  silage  and  a 
cheaper  food  than  roots.  Contains 
all  the  milk  making  materials  of  the 
original  sugar  beets— only  the  sugar 
extracted— which  is  of  little  value 
for  milk  production ;  is  a  palatable 
succulent,  vegetable  food. 

Some  dairymen  think  corn  silage  is  the 
cheapest  form  of  succulence  available  in 
winter,  but  we  know  that  Dried  Beet  Pulp 
is  better,  and,  results  considered,  so  much 
cheaper,  that  one  cannot  afford  to  put  up 
ensilage. 

If  you  now  have  silage,  cut  down  the 
amount  you  feed  by  one-third,  also  some  of 
your  grain  feed,  and  substitute  four  or  five 
pounds  of  Dried  Beet  Pulp.  The  results 
will  surprise  you. 

For  the  Small 
Dairyman 

You  have  been  told  that  you  could  not 
afford  a  Silo  unless  you  had  at  least  ten 
cows.  You  do  not  need  it  now,  even  though 
you  had  ten  times  ten  cows.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 
puts  you  where  you  can  make  more  net  profit  than  the  dairyman  who  feeds  silage.  Neither  do  you 
need  to  grow  roots,  as  Dried  Beet  Pulp  is  cheaper  and  has  equal  feeding  value,  dry  matter  considered. 

Arthur  Leland  of  Harlow  &  Leland,  East  Bridgewater,  Mass.,  in  the  December  15th  issue  of  “Farm  and  Home” 
writes  an  interesting  article  on  Dried  Beet  Pulp.  This  is  what  he  said : 

“Since  we  started  to  feed  Dried  Beet  Pulp  we  have  erected  two  silos  of  125  tons  capacity  each,  thinking  when 
we  erected  the  first  in  1907  that  we  would  not  need  beet  pulp  when  we  had  silage ;  but  soon  found  that  even  silage 
did  not  take  the  place  of  beet  pulp  and  our  silage  fed  cows  received  it  every  day.  In  our  three  years  experience 
with  Dried  Beet  Pulp  the  cows  have  always  gained  in  their  milk  when  we  have  started  to  feed  it,  no  matter  what 
they  were  receiving  before,  and  we  are  thoroughly  convinced  that  we  can  produce  a  Quart  of  milk  for  less  money 
with  Dried  Beet  Pulp  than  with  any  other  feed.” 

Now  That  is  Straight  Talk 

from  an  experienced,  practical  dairyman,  but  Mr.  Leland’s  conclusions  only  bear  out  the  experiment  made  by  the 
New  Jersey  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  in  1905,  when  they  were  able  to  produce  ten  per  cent,  more  milk  on  a 
beet  pulp  ration  as  against  a  corn  silage  ration,  the  grain  mixture  being  exactly  the  same  in  both  combinations. 

We  realize  that  this  is  radical  doctrine  and  that  nearly  every  dairy  paper,  agricultural  professor  or  lecturer  will 
say  that  you  must  have  a  silo  to  produce  milk  profitably.  However,  you  do  not  have  to  take  anyone  s  word  in 
this  matter.  PROVE  IT  AT  OUR  RISK. 

We  authorize  any  dealer  to  sell  one  sack  of  our  Dried  Beet  Pulp  and  guarantee  that  the  results  of  the  test  will 
be  satisfactory  to  you,  otherwise  we  will  refund  the  entire  purchase  price,  so  that  the  trial  will  not  cost  you  one 
cent.  If  no  local  dealer  sells  Dried  Beet  Pulp  write  us  for  our  direct  guarantee  proposition  and  free  booklet 
“Feeding  for  Larger  Profits.” 

DEALERS— Please  note  above  guarantee  offer  and  be  governed  accordingly. 


The  Larrowe  Milling'  Co. 


608  FORD 

BUILDING 


Detroit,  Mich. 


1911. 


THE  RURAli  NEW-YORKER 


The  LARROWE  MILLING  CO. 

Detroit,  Michigan. 

Gentlemen : — 

With  regard  to  the  DRIED  BEET  PULP 
report  following  results: 

BEFORE  USING  DRIED  BEET  PULP: 

Daily 


8Ua,”m"  prove  »tisfactory,  , 


Milk  produced  by  .  . 


ration  composed  of 


Amount  of  milk 


consisting  of 


WHILE  USING  DRIED  BEET  PULP 
ration  composed  of 


Milk  produced  by...<~'^'#^ 

(Same  cows  ai rfj  sab 


,bs-  of  ORiED  BEET  PULP 

. -lbs.  of 

4 . Jb«.  of . ..  .f  3 

lbs.  of . Ay,. 

. lbs.  of. . 

Roughage  consisting  of 


e  Duniber  as  before) 


Amount  of  milk 


Further  Comments 


Dried  Beet  Pulp  Cheaper  Than  Corn  Silage 


o 


e 


t 


% 


o 


The  cost  of  a  feed  does  not  end  with  what  you  pay  for  it,  the  most  important  part  of  the  cost  is  what  you  get 
m  return.  TEN  PER  CENT  MORE  MILK  on  a  DRIED  BEET  PULP  ration  than  on  a  silage  ration  is  the  usual 
experience.  Stop  and  figure  what  ten  per  cent  more  milk  means  to  you  in  money,  how  far  that  extra  money  will 
go  toward  paying  for  the  Dried  Beet  Pulp  you  use,  and  then  compare  the  real  NET  COST  of  the  Dried  Beet  Pulp 
with  what  your  silage  costs.  Many  dairymen  have  obtained  enough  MORE  MILK  to  Pay  for  the  Beet  Pulp  in  full, 
a  clear  saving  of  the  cost  of  the  silage  which  was  displaced,  and  have  convinced  themselves  that  silage  isn’t  worth 
feeding  (as  compared  with  Dried  Beet  Pulp)  even  if  it  could  be  obtained  FOR  NOTHING.  Take  out  your  pencil  and 
figure  what  it  means  to  you  in  one  year’s  profits. 


P •  O.  Address . 


In  1  Week 

Milk  Production  Increased  Over 


290 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  4, 


SOME  SUCCESSFUL  CROPS. 

The  most  successful  crop  I  remember  to 
have  raised  was  one  of  celery  in  the  year 
1900.  This  crop  for  acreage  brought  the 
most  money  I  ever  received  for  the  acre¬ 
age  and  was  four  acres  grown  by  myself 
and  one  acre  purchased  from  a  neighbor, 
and  consisted  of  1,172  crates,  14,3.10  dozen, 
and  netted  the  sum  of  .$5,167.35.  This  crop 
was  eclipsed  by  a  crop  of  lettuce  in  the 
year  1905  which  consisted  of  2%  acres,  ami 
produced  649  crates  of  three  dozen  each 
and  sold  for  a  net  sum  of  $1,451.33  an 
acre  and  a  quarter  of  this  lettuce  netted 
over  $800.  Now  these  crops  are  extremes, 
and  for  fear  some  will^say  that  it  cannot 
be  possible  will  say  that  I  have  the  books 
before  me,  and  can  show  the  figures  to  any 
that  doubt,  and  only  give  them  because 
you  asked  me  to  give  a  statement  of  the 
most  successful  garden  crops  I  ever  raised. 
The  most  unsuccessful  would  be  just  as 
extreme  the  other  way.  D.  L.  D. 

Arkport,  N.  Y. 

I  once  received  $250  for  a  half  acre  of 
cabbage ;  but  it  was  a  season  when  I 
chanced  to  have  a  good  crop  and  others 
didn’t.  I  have  received  as  much  as  $400 
for  an  acre  of  strawberries,  but  that  is 
more  than  usual  by  at  least  $100.  I  once 
received  more  than  $400  for  one  acre  of 
blackberries,  but  that  was  before  peach 
trains  began  running  from  the  South  to 
Boston.  Bator  I  pulled  up  my  blackberries, 
as  I  could  not  make  them  pay. 

Massachusetts.  M.  Jf. 

The  only  special  crop  that  I  call  to  mind 
just  now  was  cantaloupes,  Rocky  Ford 
variety.  I  had  a  contract  with  the  railroad 
hotel  system.  These  people  run  a  system 
of  dining  cars  on  two  roads.  My  contract 
called  for  not  less  than  five  crates  per 
day  nor  over  30,  36  melons  to  the  crate, 
at  $1.25  per  crate.  I  had  five  acres  of  my 
own  and  had  eight  acres  planted  by  other 
parties.  I  furnished  seed,  they  to  plant, 
cultivate  and  deliver  to  my  packing  shed  at 
45  cents  per  crate,  I  to  do  the  packing. 
These  parties  cleared  about  $30  per  acre 
and  had  the  land  back  again  August  1 
with  a  heavy  coat  of  crab  grass  on  it  for 
hay  or  pasture.  I  cleared  about  $60  per 
acre  on  my  own  land.  These  were  grown 
on  good  land  without  any  fertilizer  of  any 
kind  or  irrigation.  In  order  to  procure 
good  seed  I  sent  to  Rocky  l  ord.  Colorado, 
and  bought  two  crates  of  the  best  melons 
procurable.  They  cost  me  by  express  here 
$2.90  per  crate.  I  selected  my  stock  seed 
from  these  melons.  This  made  my  seed 
come  pretty  high,  but  I  could  not  take  any 
chances,  as  this  kind  of  trade  demands  a 
fanev  article,  even  size  and  in  prime  con¬ 
dition.  I  never  had  a  crate  turned  down 
during  the  season.  H.  u.  DAVIS. 

Texas. 

I  think  one  of  the  most  pleasing  crops 
I  have  grown  was  a  16-acre  field  of  Winter 
rye,  harvested  in  .Tilly,  1910.  The  rye  part 
was  fully  450  bushels  and  the  straw,  24% 
tons,  was  very  bright  and  five  to  seven  feet 
tall.  The  rye  sold  for  75  cents  per  bushel 
as  soon  as  thrashed  from  the  field,  the 
straw  (a  car  of  it)  at  $10  per  ton  in 
large  bales,  pressed  (tangled).  I  grow 
rye  for  a  Winter  cover  crop  and  usually 
plow  it  all  under  for  growing  cabbage 
plants,  potatoes,  corn  and  other  crops.  But 
this  field  was  so  nice  that  I  seeded  the 
field  to  Timothy  and  clover,  which  is  now 
an  excellent  stand,  and  harvested  the  rye. 

Scipioville,  N.  Y.  F.  M.  p. 

In  the  Spring  of  1890  we  planted  a  few 
acres  of  cauliflower  and  most  of  it  headed 
during  the  week  of  the  Republican  National 
Convention  in  Chicago.  The  heads  were 
packed  in  berry  cases,  eight  in  a  case, 
packed  firm  and  face  straight  up,  and  sold 
for  $1.75  to  $2.25  per  case.  I  think  this 
beat  all  the  crops  we  ever  raised.  About 
the  1st  of  May,  1892,  a  wet  spell  began 
that  lasted  till  the  middle  of  June,  with 
from  one  to  six  showers  in  every  24  hours. 
We  had  about  seven  acres  of  asparagus  to 
cut,  and  bv  wearing  rubber  boots  or  going 
barefoot  and  hurrying  out  between  showers 
we  managed  to  keep  it  cut.  The  ground 
was  a  little  sandy  on  top  and  tiled  every 
40  or  50  feet  and  3y2  to  four  feet  deep. 
The  bunches  were  made  so  that  four  dozen 
bunches  standing  on  end  just  filled  an 
orange  box,  and  sold  that  year  for  $4.50  to 
$5.50  per  box,  but  most  of  it  for  $5  per 
box.  I  think  there  were  two  reasons  for 
the  high  price  that  year,  first,  the  extra 
wet  weather  hindered  other  crops  (espe¬ 
cially  on  land  not  tiled),  second,  many 
were  preparing  to  put  in  more  acres  of  all 
kinds  of  vegetables  the  next  year,  expecting 
to  get  two  or  three  prices  then  for  every¬ 
thing  they  could  grow,  on  account  of  being 
World’s  Fair  year. 

Indiana.  louis  c.  breyfogle. 

The  season  of  1910  I  had  one-half  acre 
in  carrots  on  newly  cleared  land  of  the 
lighter  type,  a  little  on  the  sandy  side,  and 
the  yield  was  400  bushels  of  the  short  yel¬ 
low  type.  DATES  CLARK. 

Several  years  ago  I  plowed  a  piece  of 
old  Blue-grass  pasture  sod  that  never  had 
been  planted  before ;  plowed  it  in  late 
Fall,  gave  the  Winter  a  chance  at  it  and 
in  the  Spring  prepared  it  for  watermelons. 
The  seed  was  planted  under  glass  in  quart 
berry  boxes  with  the  bottoms  let  down 
flush  with  the  edge,  on  the  5th  of  March. 
When  the  plants  were  put  out  they  were 
very  large  and  strong  and  were  planted 
the'  middle  of  May.  The  soil  was  the  rich, 
black  corn  soil  of  Central  Illinois.  The 
season  was  exceptionally  favorable,  and  I 
might  have  put  the  plants  out  a  month 
earlier  had  I  but  known.  There  were 
three  acres  in  the  piece :  we  began  to  mar¬ 
ket  melons  July  20  and  they  yielded  1  % 
carloads  to  the  acre  of  very  fine  largo 
Dixie  melons.  I  have  grown  many  acres 
of  melons,  but  I  never  had  any  such  yield 
as  this,  before  nor  since.  Every  condition 
seemed  just  right.  L.  s.  spencer. 

Champaign  Co.,  Ill. 


Make  the  Most  of  Ifour  "Water  Supply 


*C/steb^ 


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Save  many  minutes  every  day — do  away  with  hard 
disagreeable  work  by  pumping  to  any  place  on  your  farm. 

Water  right  at  the  sink  will  save  many  steps;  water  in  the  barn,  the 
stable,  dairy  or  stock  yard  will  save  you  and  your  men  time  and 
strength  that  is  needlessly  wasted,  or  a  Goulds  hydraulic  ram  will  pump 
automatically  day  and  night  without  expense. 

_  _  _  RELIABLE 

GOULDS  PUMPS 

will  solve  this  problem — each  different  style  will  give  the  best  possible 
service  for  which  it  is  intended. 

Write  us  what  you  want  to  do— tell  us  your  requirement  and  we 
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be.  Send  for  our  free  booklet 

“  Water  Supply  for  the  Home  ” 

before  you  think  of  buying  a  pump.  It  is  full  of  valuable  suggestions 
for  better  water  service. 

The  Goulds  Mfg.  Co.0  58  W.  Fall  Street,  Seneca  Falls,  N.  Y. 


_ -“gi 


1911  Spreader 

Bargains — 


Steel  Wheels 


Unrivalled 
Values 
Starting  at 


-Delivered  in  Michigan.  Slightly 
more  in  other  states  owing  to  increased  freight  charges.  Just  as  big  values  through¬ 
out  our  full  line  of  complete  machines.  Whether  you  want  an  Endless  or  Return 
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Write  postal  now.  Address 


AMERICAN  HARROW  CO.,'  1615  Hastings  Street,  Detroit,  Mich. 


dirt  out  of  the  milk  at  milking  time.  Test 


it  and  prove  it. 

10  Days  Free  Trial 

to  prove  to  you  that  it’s  the  best  thing  in  the  milk 
pail  line  you  ever  saw.  Simply  ship  it  back  if  you 
don’t  like  it.  We’ll  pay  express  both  ways.  Iso 
other  milk  pail  ever  made  like  it.  Look  at  this  pic- 
ture.  There  is  a  separate  shelf  for  a  dirt  catcher. 
Not  a  particle  of  dust,  hair  or  tilth  can  get  into  the 
milk.  Dirt  is  kept  dry  and  thrown  out,  not  wet  and 
allowed  to  “trickle”  into  themilkto  taint  itandmake 
It  sour  quickly.  That  explains  why  itisapproved  by 
all  dairymen, 'doctors  and  pure  milk  officers.  Made 
extra  strong.  Right  pattern  for  easy  washing  and 
handling  milk.  Price  $2.50.  Ask  your  dealer.  If 
he  hasn’t  it  we  will  send  trial  pail  prepaid.  See  how 
it  will  build  up  your  reputation  for  pure  milk. 


STERILAC  COMPANY,  5  Merchants  Rbw,  Boston,  Mass. 


AND  UPWARD 


THIS  OFFER  IS  NO  CATCH. 

It  is  a  solid,  fair  and  square 
proposition  to  furnish  a  brand  new, 
well  made  and  well  finished  cream 
separator  complete,  subject  to  a 
long  trial  and  fully  guaranteed, 
for  $15.95.  Different  from  this 
picture  which  illustrates  our  large 
capacity  machines.  Skims  I  quart  of 
milk  a  minute,  hot  or  cold;  makes 
thick  or  thin  cream  and  does  it 
just  as  well  as  any  higher  priced 
machine.  Any  boy  or  girl  can  run 
it  sitting  down.  The 
crank  is  only  5  inches 
long.  Just  think  of  that ! 

The  bowl  is  a  sanitary 
marvel,  easily  cleaned, 
and  embodies  all  our  latest 
improvements.  Gears  run 
in  anti-friction  bearings 
and  thoroughly  protected. 

Before  you  decide  on  a 
cream  separator  of  any 
capacity  whatever,  obtain 
our  $15.95  proposition. 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO.,  BOX 


EXCELS  ANY  SEPARATOR  IN  THE  WORLD 


OUR  LIBERAL  TRIAL  ENABLES  YOU 
TO  DEMONSTRATE  THIS.  While  our  prices 
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faction.  Write  for  our  1911  catalog.  We 
will  send  it  free,  postpaid.  It  is  richly  illus¬ 
trated,  shows  the  machines  in  detail  and  tells 
all  about  the  American  Separator. 
Our  surprisingly  liberal  long  time 
trial  proposition,  generous  terms  of 
purchase  and  the  low  prices  quoted 
will  astonish  you.  We  are  the 
oldest  exclusive  manufacturers  of 
hand  separators  in  America  and  the 
first  to  sell  direct  to  the  user.  We 
cannot  afford  to  sell  an  article  that 
is  not  absolutely  first  class.  You 
save  agent’s,  dealer’s  and  even  cata¬ 
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BAINBRIDGE,  N.  Y. 


1075, 


""AMERICAN 

SEPARATOR 


1911 


201 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


FEEDING  PROBLEMS. 

Under  this  heading  we  endeavor  to  give  advice 
and  suggestions  about  feeding  mixtures  of  grains 
and  fodders.  No  definite  rules  are  given,  but  the 
advice  is  based  upon  experience  and  average 
analyses  of  foods.  By  ‘-protein”  is  meant  the 
elements  in  the  food  which  go  to  make  muscle  or 
lean  meat.  “Carbohydrates”  comprise  the  starch 
sugar,  etc.,  which  make  fat  and  provide  fuel  for 
the  body,  while  “fat”  is  the  pure  oil  found  in 
foods.  Dry  matter”  means  the  weight  of  actual 
food  left  in  fodder  or  grain  when  all  the  water  is 
driven  off.  A  “narrow  ration”  means  one  In  which 
the  proportion  of  protein  to  carbohydrates  is  close 
—a  “wide”  ration  means  one  which  shows  a  larger 
proportion  of  carbohydrates. 

A  Balanced  Ration. 

Will  you  give  figures  for  a  balanced  ration 
from  the  following  feeds?  Corn  and  cob 
meal,  ground  oats,  ground  rye,  mangels, 
cornstalks  and  mixed  hay.  Also  above 
feeds  without  mangels.  If  needed,  any  kind 
of  mill  feed  can  be  procured  in  a  nearby 
village.  D.  b.  b. 

New  York. 

Here  is  a  balanced  ration  compounded 
for  large  cows  weighing  about  1,200 
pounds  each  and  giving  30  to  40  pounds 
of  milk  :  Digestible 


Feeding  stuff. 

Dry 

Pro- 

Garb. 

matter 

tein 

and  fat 

12  lbs.  mixed  hay.  .  . 

10.45 

.5066 

5.55 

10  lbs.  corn  stover.  . 

G.OO 

.17 

3.4 

4  lbs.  corn  and  cob 

meal  . 

3.4 

.170 

2.66 

3  lbs.  ground  oats. 

2.07 

.276 

1.704 

3  lbs.  dried  dis- 

tiller’s  grains... 

2.70 

.744 

1.656 

3  lbs.  cotton  -  seed 

meal . 

2.70 

1.116 

1.33 

Nutritive  ratio  1  :5 

28.04 

.4. 

2.988 

16.300 

For  smaller  cows  feed  a  smaller 
amount  of  feed  mixed  in  about  the 
same  proportions.  I  have  not  included 
ground  rye  in  this  ration  as  it  is  not 
required.  In  practice  I  would  feed  all 
the  hay  and  corn  stover  the  cows  will 
eat  and  then  mix  the  corn  and  cob  meal, 
ground  oats,  dried  distillers’  grains  and 
cotton-seed  meal  together  thoroughly  in 
nearly  equal  parts  and  feed  each  cow 
according  to  her  individual  requirements. 
You  can  feed  your  mangels  right  along 
with  this  ration  and  when  they  are 
gone  you  should  try  some  dried  beet 
pulp  for  succulence.  The  worst  fault 
with  this  ration  is  its  cost,  which  could 
be  greatly  reduced  if  you  had  some 
clover  or  Alfalfa  hay  to  feed  with  it. 

Milk  Ration. 

Will  you  advise  me  as  to  the  ration  for 
milch  cows,  medium  size,  some  fresh  and 
some  strippers?  We  sell  the  milk.  The 
following  are  the  feeds  that  we  have  or  can 
conveniently  purchase :  Corn  silage,  mixed 
hay,  cornmeal,  hominy  feed,  wheat  bran, 
mixed  or  ship  feed,  gluten  feed,  cotton-seed 
meal,  very  high  in  price ;  brewers’  grains. 


Digestible 

Dry 

Pro- 

Carb. 

matter 

tein 

and  fat 

7.35 

.315 

4.515 

S.71 

.422 

4.625 

.89 

.079 

.764 

1.79 

.244 

.906 

4. GO 

.785 

2.39 

1.84 

.744 

.888 

25.18 

2.589 

14.088 

dry.  We  have  some  oh  the  latter  on  hand 
and  would  like  to  use  some.  Can  the  brew¬ 
ers’  grains  be  profitably  fed  to  work  horses 
and  a  colt?  Is  it  best  to  soak  the  grains  in 
water  over  night?  e.  o.  n. 

New  York. 

Here  is  a  formula  for  a  good  balanced 
ration  which  contains  the  proper  ingred¬ 
ients  for  the  production  of  milk  in  largq 
quantities : 

Feeding  stuff. 

35  lbs.  silage . 

10  lbs.  mixed  hay.  . 

1  lb.  cornmeal . 

2  lbs.  wheat  bran. . 

5  lbs.  dried  brew¬ 
ers'  grains .  4.00 

2  lbs.  cotton  -  seed 

meal  .  1.84 


Nutritive  ration  1  :5.4. 

Dried  brewers’  grains  can  also  be  fed 
to  work  horses  and  colts  if  they  can  be 
purchased  at  a  reasonable  price,  but  I 
would  advise  mixing  the  ration  equal 
parts  of  dried  brewers’  grains,  ground 
oats  and  cornmeal  for  horses  which  are 
working  very  hard.  It  would  be  advis¬ 
able  to  soak  the  grains  as  directed  for 
cows,  but  this  is  not  necessary  for  horses 
under  ordinary  conditions.  c.  S.  g. 

Milk  Ration  ;  Weaning  Calf. 

1.  IIow  can  I  feed  the  following  feed  stuffs 
to.  fresh  cows  to  the  best  advantage,  object 
being  plenty  of  rich  milk?  I  have  corn¬ 
meal,  bran,  malt  sprouts,  middlings,  Timothy 
and  clover  seed,  dry  corn  fodder  which  I 
cut  with  a  silage  machine,  and  stock-food 
molasses,  or  does  it  make  any  difference  in 
the  quantity  of  milk  if  the  feed  is„made 
into  a  mash,  or  should  it  be  fed  dry,  giv¬ 
ing  the  cows  plenty  of  water  to  drink?  2. 
At  what  age  is  it  advisable  to  wean  a  calf 
from  its  mother,  and  what  should  it  be 
raised  on  after  weaned?  k.  g. 

1.  From  the  feeding  stuffs  mentioned 
I  have  compounded  the  following  ra¬ 
tion,  leaving  out  some  unnecessary 
feeds : 

Dry  Digestible  Carb’s 

Feeding  stuff.  matter.  Protein,  and  fat. 
Fiftten  lbs.  mixed  hay 


with  clover  . 13.05 

Ten  lbs.  cut  corn  fod- 

.93 

6.9 

der  .  5.8 

.25 

3.73 

Five  lbs.  malt  sprouts.  4.50 

.93 

2.045 

Three  lbs.  wheat  bran.  2.64 

.366 

1.359 

One  lb.  molasses . 79 

.091 

.595 

26.78 

2.567 

14.629 

Nutritive  ratio  1  :5.7. 

You  mention  Timothy  and  clover  seed 
in  your  inquiry,  but  as  these  seeds  are 
not  usually  fed  to  cows  I  have  assumed 
that  you  mean  hav  instead  of  seed. 
While  the  ration  given  above  is  a  little 
too  wide  for  best  results,  it  cannot  be 
made  much  narrower  without  the  addi¬ 


tion  of  some  feed  carrying  a  high  per¬ 
centage  of  protein  or  cutting  down  the 
amount  of  corn  fodder.  The  question 
of  whether  it  will  pay  to  wet  feed  for 
cows  has  been  under  discussion  for  a 
long  time  without  being  positively 
settled.  It  all  seems  to  depend  upon  the 
cost  of  labor  required  to  prepare  the 
feed,  the  quality  and  kind  of  feed  used, 
and  the  condition  of  the  cows.  Dry 
feed  requires  more  chewing  than  wet 
feed,  therefore  it  is  naturally  supposed 
to  be  better  masticated,  but  as  cows 
chew  their  feed  twice  this  objection  to 
wet  feed  is  overcome  by  the  fact  that 
wet  feed  is  more  palatable  and  therefore 
induces  cows  to  consume  more  water 
than  they  would  naturally  drink.  Per¬ 
sonally  I  favor  wetting  the  feed  if  you 
have  the  facilities  and  time  to  do  so. 

2.  The  best  time  to  wean  a  calf  is 
just  as  soon  as  it  is  born.  If  allowed 
to  run  with  the  cow  even  for  only  a 
day  or  two  it  often  causes  much  trouble 
that  could  easily  be  avoided  by  never 
allowing  them  together.  Feed  the  calf 
its  mother’s  milk  for  at  least  five  days 
for  large  strong  calves  and  two  weeks 
to  a  month  for  jerseys.  Then  gradually 
substitute  skim-milk  as  the  calf  becomes 
strong  enough  to  digest  it  without  caus¬ 
ing  indigestion.  With  proper  care  at 
the  end  of  four  to  six  weeks  no  fresh 
milk  will  be  required,  as  the  calf  will 
grow  nicely  on  a  ration  of  skim-milk 
mixed  with  a  little  buttermilk  and  a 
small  amount  of  grain,  such  as  wheat 
middlings,  ground  oats  and  a  little 
hominy  or  cornmeal.  c.  s.  G. 

Brewers’  Grains  and  Cob  Meal. 

I  have  just  purchased  a  farm  on  which 
are  nine  cows  in  milk,  being  fed  wet 
brewers’  grains  and  cob  meal,  with  hay 
and  shredded  cornstalks  for  roughage.  The 
brewery  privilege  calls  for  15  bushels  at 
10  cents  per  bushel  per  week.  I  am  not 
familiar  with  weight  of  same.  The  dis¬ 
tance  hauled  is  nine  miles.  It  may  be  had 
only  one  day  each  week  and  is  salted  to 
preserve  until  used.  The  present  supply  of 
roughage  seems  short.  Grain  here  (other 
than  brewers’  grains)  seems  easier  to  buy 
than  hay  or  cornstalks.  The  hay  is  mostly 
Red-top.  I  would  like  to  know  if  under 
the  above  circumstances  it  would  pay  me 
to  continue  to  use  brewers’  grains  at  all? 
If  considered  best  to  retain  brewers’  grains, 
what  additional  feed  to  cob  meal  would 
balance  my  ration?  How  is  the  nutritive 
ratio  calculated  knowing,  the  per  cent  of 
dry  matter,  protein,  carbohydrates  and  fats 
in  each  food  stuff?  What  State  or  Gov¬ 
ernment  publications  (bulletins,  etc.,) 
would  aid  me  in  feeding  cows  for  milk  to 
the  best  advantage  now  and  in  the  future 
when  I  may  have  more  control  over  my 
condition  in  Winter  than  I  now  have,  i.  e., 


when  I  can  plant  for  myself  for  Winter 
and  not  buy  another’s  plan?  j.  w.  k 

Wilbraharn,  Mass. 

Situated  as  you  are  nine  miles  from 
the  brewery  I  cannot  see  how  you  can 
make  it  pay  to  haul  grains  so  far,  es¬ 
pecially  if  you  have  to  make  the  trip 
for  only  15  bushels.  If  you  could  get 
a  full  load  and  had  cows  enough  to  use 
it  up  before  it  spoiled  you  could  per¬ 
haps  work  to  advantage  if  you  have 
good  roads  and  everything  favorable. 
While  salting  may  preserve  the  grains 
satisfactorily  during  cold  weather,  you 
will  find  this  plan  will  not  work  so  well 
during  the  warm  Summer  months,  when 
you  could  not  add  salt  enough  to  the 
grains  to  preserve  them  without  giving 
your  cows  an  excessive  amount  of  salt 
in  their  feed,  so  I  cannot  advise  its 
continuance.  You  should  purchase  such 
feeds  as  cotton-seed  and  oil  meal,  dry 
brewers’  grains  and  dry  distillers’  grains 
and  dried  beet  pulp  if  available  to  feed 
with  your  Red-top  hay.  Your  team  can 
be  profitably  employed  at  least  part  of 
the  time  until  Spring  hauling  all  the 
manure  you  can  get  on  to  a  piece  of  land 
to  be  plowed  under  in  the  Spring  for 
corn.  Be  sure  to  raise  all  the  corn  you 
can,  and  put  it  into  a  silo  in  September, 
and  your  feeding  problem  next  Winter 
can  be  solved  much  simpler  and  cheaper. 
Do  not  neglect  to  start  some  clover 
and  Alfalfa  if  you  expect  to  produce 
milk  cheaply.  A  balanced  ration  is  one 
which  conforms  closely  to  a  recognized 
standard  in  the  amounts  of  digestible 
dry  matter,  protein,  carbohydrates  and 
fat  which  it  contains.  The  nutritive 
ratio  is  the  relation  the  digestible  pro¬ 
tein  in  a  ration  has  to  the  digestible 
carbohydrates  plus  2%  times  the  di¬ 
gestible  fat,  and  is  found  by  dividing 
the  amount  of  digestible  carbohydrates 
and  fat  by  the  amount  of  digestible  pro¬ 
tein.  To  find  the  amount  of  digestible 
protein  in  a  ration  you  first  multiply 
the  number  of  pounds  of  each  feed  used 
by  the  per  cent  of  digestible  protein  in 
each  feed  and  add  the  results.  Proceed 
in  the  same  way  with  the  carbohydrates 
and  fat  except  that  the  percentage  of 
fat  is  multiplied  by  2%.  before  adding  it 
to  the  carbohydrates,  because  fat  pro¬ 
duces  2%  times  as  much  heat  as  other 
carbohydrates.  Some  good  books  on 
feeding  are  Henry’s  “Feeds  and  Feed¬ 
ing”  and  Jordan’s  “Feeding  of  Animals.” 

C.  S.  G. 


PROOFS  ARE  BETTER  THAN  CLAIMS 

I  he  United  States  Separator  not  only  is  claimed  to  be,  but  what  is  very  much  more  important,  is 
proved  by  documentary  evidence  to  be,  the  BEST  SEPARATOR  IN  THE  WORLD. 

Its  position  of  superiority  over  all  others  has  been  established  beyond  the  possibility  of  a  doubt  by  the  most 
severe  and  impartial  tests  ever  employed  in  competitive  trials  with  other  separators.  The  manufacturers  of  these 
other  separators  are  driven  to  the  most  unreasonable,  extravagant  claims  in  their  vain  attempt  to  overcome  the 
record  established  by  the  United  States  Separator ,  made  when  in  direct  competition  and  trial  with  them. 

In  competitive  tests  with  our  frenzied 


competitors  the  United  States  Separa¬ 
tor  has  won  and  holds  the  World’s 
Record  for  skimming,  made  in  50  consec¬ 
utive  runs,  lasting  through  30  days,  with  the 
milk  of  10  different  breeds  of  cows. 

The  United  States  Separator 
won  the  Grand  Prize  over  these  same 
boasters  at  Seattle  in  1909,  which  was  the 
last  Grand  Prize  awarded  to  any  separator. 

Remember  we  back  our  claims  for  the 
superiority  of  the  United  States  with 
Ironclad  Documentary  Proofs  and  better 
still,  with  a  United  States  Separator 
right  on  your  own  farm. 

If  there  is  any  doubt  in  any  dairyman’s 
mind  as  to  which  is  the  best  separator,  then 
before  you  buy,  see  and  try  the  1911 

United  States  Separator. 


-A! 


*  - 


The  claims  made  for  the  United 
States  Separators  are  true: 

They  skim  the  closest, 

Turn  the  easiest, 

Are  easiest  to  wash, 

Are  the  most  substantially  constructed, 
Wear  the  longest. 

We  have  sold  many  thousands  of 
separators  by  the  United  States  being 
placed  in  the  dairyman’s  home,  beside  any 
other  separator  manufactured  and  letting  it 
prove  its  superiority  in  the  dairy  where  it  is  to 
be  used. 

United  States  Dairy  Size  Sep¬ 
arators  are  made  in  all  capacities  from  the 
two  cow  dairy  to  the  dairy  milking  from  one 
to  two  hundred  cows. 

99i9o9o  per  cent  of  all  the  creameries 
use  cream  separated  by  the  United  States 
Separators  and  are  eager  for  more. 
Cream  from  the  United  States  is  smooth 
and  perfect  for  butter  makifig. 

Write  for  the  above  Documentary 
Proof  contained  in  our  large  Separator  Cata¬ 
log  No.  159,  which  is  free  for  the  asking. 


VERMONT  FARM  MACHINE  CO.,  Bellows  Falls,  Vermont 

Selling  agents  in  all  dairy  sections  of  the  country 


292 


March  4 


MAKING  APPLE  SAUCE. 

Of  course  this  is  not  the  proper  sea¬ 
son  to  give  it,  but  as  you  recently  gave 
a  formula  for  making  apple  butter  per¬ 
haps  our  way  will  be  interesting  enough 
to  keep  till  needed.  The  old  way  in  all 
our  region  was  to  boil  a  barrel  or  more 
of  sweet  cider,  commencing  early  in  the 
morning,  till  reduced  one  half.  A  part 
was  then  dipped  out  to  hold  for  “feed¬ 
ing”  and  apples  pared  and  cut  in  small 
pieces  were  thrown  in,  a  few  at  a  time, 
so  as  not  to  stop  the  boiling.  Stirring 
with  a  long-handled  ell-shaped  stirrer 
began  at  once,  and  never  ceased  for  a 


THE  RURAL 

dump  in  all  the  apples  and  begin  stir¬ 
ring  at  once.  It  will  foam  and  probably 
want  to  boil  over.  A  teaspoon  of  butter 
or  lard  will  check  that  and  cause  the 
foam  to  subside  till  the  steam  can  get 
through,  when  the  danger  is  over.  Boil 
and  stir  steadily  three  hours,  add  the 
sugar,  boil  another  hour,  which  usually 
suffices,  but  sometimes  when  very  juicy 
apples  have  been  used,  a  little  longer 
will  not  hurt.  Some  like  cinnamon  spice, 
but  most  tastes  prefer  the  sauce  with¬ 
out  any  additions.  It  used  to  be  sup¬ 
posed  that  only  certain  kinds  of  apples, 
like  Smokehouse  and  others  of  the 
Vandevere  type,  would  do,  but  we 
find  that  most  sorts  do  very  well.  Falla- 
water,  formerly  much  despised  on  ac- 


HOW  THEY  MAKE  APPLE  BUTTER. 


minute  till  the  whole  mass  was  reduced 
to  a  satisfactory  condition,  which  was 
mostly  around  midnight.  From  lime  to 
time  apples  and  portions  of  boiled  cider 
were  added  till  the  quantity  set  apart  was 
all  in.  This  boiling  and  stirring  was  kept 
up  till  the  critical  eye  of  an  expert  pro¬ 
nounced  it  “done.”  The  result  was  a 
sour,  dark  mass,  tasting  intensely  of 
boiled  cider  and  often  of  smoke.  It 
would  keep  indefinitely,  growing  stronger 
and  sourer  with  age,  till  I  have  known 
those  with  whom  I  lived  to  dig  a  hole 
and  bury  it. 

All  this  has  changed.  Now  we  take 
say  12  gallons  of  sweet  cider,  ?J/2  bushels 
of  nice  pared  and  cut  apples,  rejecting 
all  bruises  and  knots,  and  20  pounds 
sugar,  brown  preferred.  Boil  the  cider 
one  hour,  skimming  frequently.  Then 


count  of  its  mild  flavor,  makes  delightful 
sauce,  and  if  I  were  planting  an  or¬ 
chard  again  I  would  give  it  a  large 
space.  No  apple  sauce,  so  far  as  I  know, 
is  made  by  the  old  time  formula.  That 
made  by  the  “new  way”  is  so  much  in 
demand  by  our  nearby  markets  that 
there  is  seldom  enough  to  go  round.  I 
ought  to  say  that  a  copper  kettle  hold¬ 
ing  a  barrel  or  more  is  mostly  used  and 
if  not  owned  can  always  be  found 
among  our  neighbors,  and  can  be  had 
either  bycourtesy  orfora  trifling  compen¬ 
sation.  The  picture  shows  a  home  scene 
which  was  captured  by  one  of  the  opera¬ 
tors  while  taking  a  rest.  Outdoor  boil¬ 
ing  is  often  preferred  as  evaporation  is 
more  rapid,  air  circulation  better,  and 
smoke  easier  to  get  rid  of. 

Chester  Co.,  Pa.  wm.  t.  smedley 


NEW-YORKER 

NINETY  CENTS  OF  THE  DOLLAR. 

The  It.  N.-Y'.  has  urged  its  readerg  to  re¬ 
port  the  percentage  of  the  consumer’s  price 
realized  by  the  grower,  so  I  will  take  this 
occasion  to  give  our  methods  of  disposing  of 
our  fruit  crop.  This  season  the  bulk  of 
our  apples  were  sold  to  a  co-operative  far¬ 
mers'  elevator  company  in  the  corn  belt  of 
Illinois.  We  barreled  the  apples  as  they 
desired  and  loaded  the  car  here.  When  it 
arrived  at  the  elevator  the  patrons  were 
notified  by  ’phone,  and  they  came  and  took 
home  the  number  of  barrels  previously  or¬ 
dered  at  the  exact  price  I  received  for  them 
here,  plus  the  freight  at  carload  rates, 
which  was  40  cents  per  barrel.  We  received 
.$4  per  barrel  for  No.  1  and  No.  2  packed 
together,  and  the  consumer  paid  $4.40, 
which  gives  us  about  91  per  cent  of  the 
price  paid  by  the  consumer.  Furthermore, 
the  consumer  has  a  guarantee  on  the  inside 
and  outside  of  every  barrel,  and  is  paying 
less  for  the  fruit  than  an  uncertain  grade 
would  cost  him  on  the  market.  We  have 
sold  to  these  farmers  for  two  years,  both 
Fall  and  Winter  fruit.  They  are  well  satis¬ 
fied,  and  so  are  we.  By  the  way,  the  presi¬ 
dent  of  this  farmers’  company  informs  me 
that  several  years  ago  170  corn  farmers  or¬ 
ganized  and  bought  one  of  the  three  ele¬ 
vators  in  the  town,  and  in  less  than  three 
years,  without  increasing  their  capital  stock, 
they  owned  and  had  paid  for  all  three  ele¬ 
vators.  This  seems  to  be  an  example  of 
successful  co-operation. 

Our  peaches,  strawberries,  raspberries 
and  blackberries  are  sold  at  home.  About 
one-half  are  sold  to  farmers  and  other  con¬ 
sumers  who  get  them  direct  from  the  patch 
or  packing  house,  usually  on  orders  given 
by  ’phone  several  days  before.  Here  is 
where  the  grower  gets  100  per  cent  of  the 
consumer's  price.  The  remainder  of  the 
crop  is  handled  by  grocers  on  a  10  per  cent 
basis.  We  are  at  the  edge  of  a  village,  and 
the  grocers'  wagons  come  to  the  orchard  or 
fruit  patch  several  times  daily  during  the 
season  and  deliver  the  fruit  to  their  cus¬ 
tomers  in  the  village,  returning  the  empty 
crates  and  baskets  the  next  day.  All  fruit 
is  ours  until  it  is  sold,  so  the  grocer  takes 
no  risk  except  from  poor  accounts.  We  take 
no  considerable  risk  either,  as  we  are  where 
we  can  keep  watch  of  the  market  and  the 
grocer’s  supply,  and  regulate  the  price  ac¬ 
cordingly,  or  consign  some  fruit  to  relieve 
the  market  should  there  be  a  glut.  As  a 
matter  of  fact  we  are  usually  a  week  or 
more  behind  on  orders  for  canning,  and  so 
are  the  grocers,  but  we  try  to  take  care  of 
the  retail  trade  in  berries  or  small  baskets 
of  peaches  at  all  times,  so  customers  will 
not  be  disappointed.  The  consumer  is  satis¬ 
fied,  for  he  is  sure  of  a  steady  supply  of 
fresh  fruit  delivered  at  his  door  at  any 
time.  The  grocer  is  satisfied,  for  he  can 
supply  his  customers  at  all  times  and  thus 
hold  or  gain  trade  in  other  things,  and  he 
is  not  worried  about  buying,  or  having  fruit 
spoil  on  his  hands.  We  are  satisfied,  for  we 
are  getting  90  per  cent  of  the  consumer’s 
price,  and  the  demand  is  growing  faster 
than  the  supply  though  we  are  increasing 
our  acreage  yearly. 

Michigan.  s.  B.  haktman. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Thh 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee 


WALT E R  A. 

ytt>  c 

A  pair  of  ordinary 
farm  horses  can  pull  an 

Admiral  Mower 

ten  hours  a  day  with  ease 
in  any  grass. 

The  float  mg  frame  and  genuine 
under-draft  found  only  in  the  Ad¬ 
miral,  save  the  team  all  strength¬ 
sapping  neck-weight  and  vibration 
and  give  a  cutting- power  •which 
prevents  any  need  of 
“hanging  up”  in  thick 
grass.  Send  for  our 


c  TP7T 

TtSttHRAWOtti 


impIf.M.nw 

*-V  .  /»,  TL*  r«rn\  ’ 


which  explains  the  many 
features  of  the  Admiral 
Mower  that  make  it  the 
"King  of  the  Hay  Field.’ 
There  are  95  illustrations  in  this  big 
catalog,  showing  plainly  every  impor¬ 
tant  feature  and  working  part  of  all  our 
machines.  Every  progressive  farmer 
will  be  intensely  interested  in  this  boob 
and  should  have  a  copy  of  it.  tour 
copy  will  be  sent  as  soon  as  you  let  us 
have  your  Waltep  A  Wood  M.  & 

R.  M.  Co. 


A 


name  and 
address  on 
a  postal. 
5end  today 


Hoosick  Falls,  N.Y. 

Box  231 


WRITE  to-day  for  free  pamphlet  and 
prices  on  finely  ground  phosphate  rock, 
the  cheapest  and  best  of  all  phosphate  fer¬ 
tilizers.  W.  J,  Embry  G)  Co.,  Columbia,  Term. 


Clark’s  “ Cutaways”  Conquer  Cultural  Conditions 


THE  important  problem  of  getting  the 
most  from  the  soil  is  solved  by  the  use 
of  Clark’s  “Cutaway”  Tools.  Users 
report  that  crops  of  grain,  corn,  fruit  and  vege¬ 
tables  are  increased  from  25  %  to  50  %  by  this 
better  method  of  working  the  soil. 

“  Cutaway  ”  tools  convert  woodland 
into  orchards  at  little  expense;  reduce  bush 
and  bog  lands  to  grain  and  fruit  lands  quickly. 

“Cutaways”  have  made  “dry  farming 
profitable.  They  have  lifted  mortgages  and 
swelled  bank  accounts  in  many  parts  of  the 
world. 

“  CUTAWAYS” 
Work  Soil  Correctly 

They  run  lighter  and  do  much  better 
work  than  the  old  mould-board  plows  and 
drag  harrows.  They  lift,  turn,  twist,  break 
and  aerate  the  soil;  let  in  air,  sunshine  and 
new  life;  kill  foul  vegetation.  “Cutaway” 
disks  make  perfect  connections  with  the  sub¬ 
soil,  so  that  the  surface  soil  holds  needed 
moisture.  Result  — better  crops. 

Double  Action 

“  Cutaway  ”  Harrow 

Clark’s  Double-Action  Harrow  does  the 
work  of  two  single-action  harrows  run 

in  tandem,  does  it 
better,  and  with 
1 5  %  less  draft.  The 
rear  disks  work  in 
between  the  for¬ 
ward  disks,  cutting 


CUTS 

THE501L 

STWlCEfi 


up  all  the  ground  at  one  operation  and  ltaving 
a  perfect  seed  bed.  _ , 

CLARK’S 

Genuine  “  Cutaway  ”  Disks 

We  make  our  own 
disks  from  the  raw  ma¬ 
terial,  by  special  pro¬ 
cess,  of  be.ter  quality 
steel  than  generally  used 
in  disk:.  Will  do  harder, 
better  work  than  ordi¬ 
nary  disks,  and  ie.:t  r  .vch  longer. 

Increase  Your  Profits ! 
Start  Now  ! 

You  need  one  or  more  of  the  75  styles 
and  sizes  of  “Cutaway”  tools,  They  are 
used  and  endorsed  by  planters,  farmers,  or- 
chardists  and  gardeners  everywhere.  “Cut¬ 
aways  ”  increase  crops,  decrease  labor  and 
insure  bigger  profits.  Write  to-day  for  our 
new  book  “  Intensive  Cultivation.”  It  is  to 
your  interest  to  read  this  book. 


“CUTAWAYS” 
Orchard  Cultivation 


T  H  E 


Cotaway  Harrow  Co. 

839  Main  Street 
Higganum,  -  Conn. 


For  _  _ 

Clark’s  Reversible  “  Cutaway  ”  Harrows 
are  made  in  many  sizes  with  extension  heads 
for  orchard  work,  to  extend  under  low  limbs 
of  trees.  Frequent  cultivation  is  the  secret 
of  big  fruit  crops.  “Cutaways  slice,  stir, 
lift,  wist  and  aerate  the  soil.  No  orchardist 
o'."  itford  to  be  without  them. 

‘  ‘  CUTAWAYS  ” 

For  Garden  Culture 

Several  styles  of 
“Cutaway”  tools 
are  made  especially 
for  market  garden 
work.  These  tools, 
including  our  Grading  and  Smoothing  Harrow, 
have  a  world-wide  reputation.  They  are 
made  for  one  and  two  horses. 

Creating  Grain  Fields  6  Orchards 

from  Bush  and  Bog  Lands 

Clark’s  “  Cutaway  ”  Reversible  Bush 
and  Bog  Plow  is  made  strong  enough  to 
cultivate  newly  cleared 
timber  lands,  and  to  plow 
and  cultivate  bush,  hog, 
and  stump  land  cheaply. 

Is  sure  death  to  any  bush, 
rose  or  plant  that  grows.  This  plow  has 
accomplished  wonders  in  the  past  15  years. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


YOUR  CHANCE 

To  Save  Money  and 
Make  Money  Has  Come 
to  You  at  Last 


203 


The  Cream  Separator 
Youve  Waited  For 

When  you  buy  a  Cream  Separator  you 
want  a  machine  that  guarantees  skim¬ 
ming  to  a  trace;  which  cleans  easily; 
which  may  be  operated  with  so  little 
effort  that  a  child  may  run  it:  which  is 
so  carefully  built  that  it  will  last  prac¬ 
tically  a  life-time,  and  a  machine  which 
is  sold  to  you  at  a  price  which  you  can 
easily  afford  to  pay. 

The  Macy  Cream  Separator  will 
fill  every  requirement.  Thousands  of 
dairy  farmers  throughout  the  United 
States  are  now  using  this  splendid 
machine.  It  has  been  manufactured 
and  sold  for  the  past  five  years,  and  it 
is  rapidly  displacing  the  widely  adver¬ 
tised  Cream  Separators  sold  at  two 
and  three  times  its  price. 

We  want  you  to  get  our  story.  We 
want  you  to  know  the  Macy  Cream 
Separator.  It  will  add  from  $15.00  to 
$20.00  per  cow  per  annum  to  your  pro¬ 
fits.  It  will  pay  for  itself  in  just  a  few 
months,  and  give  you  better  service  and 
more  lasting  service  than  any  other 
Cream  Separator  manufactured. 

Do  not  be  misled  by  the  claims 
made  on  behalf  of  other  Cream  Sepa¬ 
rators.  Do  not  be  influenced  by  the 
sneers  and  insinuations  of  the  manu¬ 
facturers  of  the  old  style  Cream  Sepa¬ 
rators  who  are  constantly  attacking 
those  manufacturers  and  dealers  who 
are  selling  more  up-to-date  machines. 

Learn  the  Truth 

Investigate  for  yourself.  American 
Farm  Folk  are  the  most  intelligent 
citizenship  we  have,  The  farmer  thinks 
for  himself;  he  reaches  his  own  con¬ 
clusions.  and  then  he  acts.  All  that  we 
want  you  to  do  is  to  get  our  proposi¬ 
tion,  We  will  leave  all  the  rest  of  it  to 
you.  We  will  send  the  Macy  Cream 
Separator  to  your  farm  to  be  tested  by 
you-to  try  out  in  competition  with  any 
other  Cream  Separator  manufactured; 
none  of  them  are  barred.  We  want 
you  to  run  the  Macy  beside  the  other 
Cream  Separators.  Try  it  on  hot  or 
cold  milk:  test  it  for  butter  fat;  test  it 
for  easy  turning;  for  easy  cleaning; 
submit  it  to  any  test  that  you  may 
think  of  or  the  agent  of  any  other 
Cream  Separator  may  suggest.  Sub- 
mit  it  to  these  tests  for  30  days,  and 
if  at  the  end  of  that  time  the  Macy  has 
not  demonstrated  that  it  is  the  best 
Cream  Separator  from  the  standpoint 
of  skimming  efficiency,  easv  running 
easy  cleaning,  simplicity  and  durability 
and  return  it  to  us,  at  our  expense  of 
transportation  charges  both  ways. 

We  Want  to  Send  You 

our  Cream  Separator  offer.  We  want 
to  tell  you  how  you  can  save  one-half 
or  two-thirds  on  your  Cream  Separator. 
We  want  to  tell  you  how  to  add  from 
$15.00  to  $20.00  per  cow  to  your  income, 
vv  e  want  to  tell  how  to  get  morecream 
and  better  cream  from  your  herd  than 
you  have  been  getting  in  the  past 
Just  write  us  a  letter  or  a  postal  card 
to-day  saying,  "Please  send  me  your 
Cream  Separator  proposition.”  and  we 
will  send  it  free  and  postpaid. 

A»k  for  Separator  Offer  No.  7801 


R.  H.  Macy’s  Attractions  are  their  Low  Prices 


34th  St.  and  Broadway,  New  York 


STAR 


SAVES 

WHEELBARROW  II  ,  Jlnoft 

SEEDER  11  ^\AK)  and 

Bows  evenly.  No  need  SEED 

to  wait  for  quiet  day. 

Bows  Timothy,  Clover,  Alsike,  Alfalfa,  Millet,  Turnip,  etc. 
Two  sizes:  14  ft.  and  18  ft.  Auger  feed.  Wood  frame.  Satii- 
ftwtton  guaranteed,  prompt  shipment.  If  your  dealer 
does  not  handle  the  “STAIt”  write  us  for  booklet. 

STAR  SEEDER  CO.,  Box  R,  Shortsville,  N.  Y. 


MI 


New-  York  exchange  price  $1.S1  per  40- 
quart  ean,  netting  .‘5%  cents  to  shipper  in 
26-eent  zone  who  have  no  additional  sta¬ 
tion  charges. 


According  to  the  latest  returns,  the  New 
York  City  district  consumes  1,834,000 
quarts  of  milk  and  cream  eveiy  day.  This 
is  about  100,000  quarts  a  day  more  than 
last  year ;  and  since  the  average  daily  per 
capita  consumption  is  reckoned  at  a  third 
of  a  quart,  this  indicates  an  annual  growth 
of  300,000  in  the  population  of  the  “metro¬ 
politan  district” — which  territory  includes 
Newark,  Paterson,  Jersey  City,  Yonkers 
aud  the  nearer  suburbs,  in  addition  to  New 
York  City  itself. 

No  milk  is  wholesaled  in  this  locality. 
Tn  Russellville  it  is  retailed  at  five  cents 
a  quart.  In  Georgetown,  the  county  scat, 
it  is  worth  six  cents;  most  of  the  milk  is 
taken  to  one  creamery  and  the  farmers  re¬ 
ceive  Elgin  prices  for  the  butter  fat.  The 
creamery,  pays  for  the  hauling  of  the  milk. 
Some  milk  is  separated  by  the  farmers, 
and  the  cream  is  shipped  to  Cincinnati,  a 
distance  of  45  miles.  The  Tri-State  But¬ 
ter  Co,  pays  Elgin  prices  and  the  freight. 
Co.:nti„  butter  is  bringing  from  14  to  20 
cents  in  the  local  market.  Eggs,  15  to  20 
cents;  corn,  about  65  cents;  wheat,  90 
cents;  hay,  $12  per  ton;  good  horses,  $150 
to  $300  ;  good  cows,  about  $50.  a.  j.  h. 
Russellville,  O. 

In  Cincinnati,  the  French-Beaur  Company 
handles  most  of -the  milk.  They  pay  whole¬ 
sale  about  17  cents  a  gallon,  and  deliver 
from  their  own  wagons  in  the  city  at  about 
eight,  cents  a  quart,  the  milk  coming  in  to 
the  city  every  morning  on  different  railroad 
cars,  and  they  make  and  deliver  a  vast 
quantity  of  ice  cream.  The  suburban  towns 
arc  supplied  with  milk  mostly  by  local 
dairymen  and  farmers  at  eight  cents  a 
quart.  Eggs  and  poultry  of  ail  kinds  find  a 
ready  sale,  here  at  good  prices,  being  near 
a  large  city.  I  am  located  seven  miles 
from  tlie  center  of  Cincinnati,  and  am  most¬ 
ly  engaged  in  growing  fancy  fruit,  for  which 
there  is  a  good  demand  at  all  times. 

Madisonville,  O.  ,t.  c. 


Very  few  farmers  in  this  immediate  j 
vicinity  have  a  dairy  in  connection  with  J 
their  farms,  lint  nearer  tin1  city  (Cincin¬ 
nati)  they  peddle  their  milk  at  seven  to 
eight  cents  per  quart;  shippers  get  from 
11  to  12  cents  net  per  gallon.  The  surplus 
butter  the  farmers  have  is  either  sold  to 
private  customers  at  30  cents  a  pound  the 
year  round,  or  take  it  to  the  store  and  get 
20  cents  in  Summer  and  30  cents  in  Win¬ 
ter.  and  they  sell  on  a  margin  of  five  cents 
per  pound.  All  poultry  is  sold  alive; 
priee  ranges  from  12  to  15  cents  for  hens, 
and  two  to  four  cents  higher  for  Spring 
chickens ;  retail  price,  dressed,  in  Cincin¬ 
nati.  22  to  25  cents  for  hens,  and  25  to 
30  cents  a  pound  for  Spring  chickens,  ducks, 
turkeys  and  geese  on  same  basis,  h.  e.  s. 

Sharon  villa,  O. 


MILK  IN  MASSACHUSETTS. 

The  price  received  for  milk  shipped  to 
Boston  varies  according  to  distance.  The 
first  or  nearest  zone  receives  the  highest 
price  ;  the  second  of  20  to  40  miles  receives 
one  cent  a  ean  less,  and  so  on,  the  price 
decreasing  the  further  away  from  Boston 
you  go.  Under  the  recent  freight  rates 
filed  with  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commis¬ 
sion  at  Washington,  the  cost  of  transporta¬ 
tion  is -as  follows:  Tn  the  one  to  20  mile 
zone,  two  cents  per  8%  quart  can;  21  to 
40  miles,  three  cents ;  41  to  60  miles,  four 
cents;  61  to  100  miles,  five  cents;  over  100 
miles,  six  cents.  This  rate  I  understand  is 
without  icing,  one-half  cent  per  can  is 
charged  for  icing.  The  above  rates  include 
baggage  car  shipments,  .which  are  not  iced. 

Most  of  the  Boston  milk  is  bought  under 
contract.  One  exception  to  this  is  the  Aldon 
Brothers,  who  pay  a  level  price  during  the 
season  and  take  whatever  amount  is  sent 
them  at  any  time.  Their  priee,  however,  is 
less  than  that  paid  by  the  other  contrac¬ 
tors.  The  Deerfoot  Company  pay  the  high¬ 
est  price  and  probably  are  the  most  partic¬ 
ular  in  regard  to  dairv  conditions,  care  of 
cows,  etc..  They  grade  the  supply  sent 
them  thus ;  A  dairy  can  send  as  many  cans 
each  month  during  the  year  as  it  sends  dur¬ 
ing.  the  months  of  November  and  December, 
which  are  considered  the  short  milk  months. 
Thus,  if  10  cans  a  day,  or  300  cans  a  month 
are  sent  in  these  months,  this  amount  or 
less  can  be  sent  during  the  rest  of  the  year, 
but  not  more  without  special  consent.  If 
only  two  cans  a  day,  or  60  cans  a  month 
are  sent  in  these  months,  no  more  than  this 
ean  be  sent  in*  the  other  months.  The  C. 
Brigham  Company  and  the  Whitings,  which 
are  both  controlled  by  the  same  men,  have 
a  different  plan.  They  contract  for  a  cer¬ 
tain  number  of  months,  usually  six,  to  re¬ 
ceive  a  certain  amount  of  milk  each  month 
for  the  term  of  contract,  tint  they  give  a 
certain  leeway ;  thus  if  a  farmer  signs  a 
contract  to  send  five  cans  a  day,  which 
means  150  cans  in  a  30-day  month,  he  can 
send  not  less  than  132  nor  more  than  168 
in  that  month  and  receive  the  regular  price 
for  that  month.  If  he  sends  some  month 
when  milk  is  plenty  over  the  168  cans,  he 
gets  one  cent  a  can  less  than  the  regular 
price  for  that  month  for  every  can  he  sends 
in  that  month.  If  he  sends  over  179  cans 
he  gets  two  cents  each  can  less,  and  so  on 
according  to  what  extra  amount  he  sends. 
If  on  the  other  hand  milk  is  short  some 
month,  and  he  sends  less  than  132  cans,  he 
gets  cut  in  the  same  proportion,  according 
to  how  short  an  amount  he  sends.  If  when 
milk  is  short  ho  sends  over  the  168  cans, 
the  contractor  takes  all  he  sends  and  pays 
the  regular  price  for  that  month,  hut  no 
bonus.  If  when  milk  is  very  plentiful  he 
sends  a  small  supply,  or  loss  than  he  agreed 
to,  it  is  all  right,  he  gets  the  regular  price. 
These  firms  also  grade  the  price  for  the 
six  months,  or  whatever  the  length  of  con¬ 
tract  may  be.  They  may  agree  to  pay  37 
cents  a  can  as  the  average  price  for  the 
term  of  contract.  Take  the  months  of  Sep¬ 
tember  to  April  for  example  :  For  Novem¬ 
ber  and  December,  the  short  supply  months, 
they  will  pay  39  and  40  cents  respectively ; 
for  October  and  January,  88;  February,  37; 
March  36,  and  April,  35.  This  works  to 
their  advantage,  as  they  pay  the  highest 
when  they  receive  the  least,  and  pay  the 
lowest  when  they  receive  the  most  milk. 

Strictly  first  class  cows  are  not  often 
found  for  sale  in  Massachusetts,  and  when 
they  are  some  one  gets  them  very  soon. 

Massachusetts.  e.  p. 


Continental  BINDER 

The  reputation  and  popularity  of  the  JOHNSTON  Binder  is  the  result  of  the 
many  good,  reliable  features  which  proclaim  its  individuality,  its  meritorious  con¬ 
struction,  and  its  durability.  The  JOHNSTON  Binder  is  all  that  a  binder  should 
be— light,  yet  strong-built  almost  entirely  of  steel.  It  is  simply  con¬ 
structed— no  experimental  or  '‘freakish”  parts— and  works  perfectly  in 
all  kinds  of  soil  and  grain.  Built  in  several  sizes,  with  or  without 
tongue  truck. 

Farmers  experience  great  satisfaction  in  owning  JOHNSTON  ma¬ 
chines  because  they  are  built  along  Quality  lines,  are  durahle  and  eco¬ 
nomical  to  maintain. 

JOHNSTON  machines  have  been  used  on  two  hemispheres  for  over 
half  a  century.  They  have  won  the  farmer’s  confidence  and  arc  keeping 
that  confidence.  A  wonderful  record. 

The  JOHNSTON  line  includes  Grain  Binders,  Reapers, 

1911  CATALOG  C°rn  Binders’  lowers.  Rakes,  Tedders,  Manure  Spreaders. 

Spring  and  Spike  Tooth  Harrows,  Side-Delivery  Rakes,  Hay 
Loaders,  Disc  and  Orchard  Harrows,  and  Land  Rollers. 

If  you  are  interested  in  getting  a  machine  that  will  give  you  many  years  of 
good,  faithful  work,  buy  a  JOHNSTON-and  be  sure  of  results.  Send  for  our 
new  1911  Catalog,  which  is  profusely  illustrated  and  goes  into  detail  about  JOHNSTON  Quality 
machines.  We  also  issue  a  separate  book  on  each  machine.  All  literature  sent  free. 

ADDRESS  BOX  I00-B 

^THE  JOHNSTON  HARVESTER  GO.,  Batavia,  N.  Y. 


I  YOUNG  MEN  WANTED  to  learn 
VETERINARY  profession.  Catalogue 
Jfree.  Grand  Rapii>s  Veterinary 
|  College,  Dep.15,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


PATENTS  START  FACTORIES 


(PATENT  SECURED  OR 
'  FEE  RETURNED 

Start  right.  Free  Hook— How  toobtain,  finance 
and  promote  patents.  Send  sketch,  free  search. 


FARNHAM  &  SUES,  Pat.  Attys.,  Ad.36.  Washington,  O.C. 


HELD 


trusted 


“ Pittsburgh  Perfect” 

Wire  Fencing  is  best  all  through. 

TI4I7  dcct  T^e  w*re  drawn  from  a  special  quality  of  open 
W/IDF  hearth  material  tough,  pliable,  strong,  long  lived 
WIKI!.  like  old-time  iron  wire.  It  is  the  finest  fencing 
wire  possible  to  manufacture. 

Galvanizing  Heavily  galvanized  by  our  own  new  and  perfect 
Perfect  process,  the  wire  is  positively  moisture  -  proof. 
The  fact  that 

All  Stay  Wires  and  Line  Wires  are  Electrically  Welded 

not  only  eliminates  the  weakening  and  THE  WELD 

moisture- gathering  wraps,  clamps 
and  ties,  but  practically  transforms 
the  fence  into  one  piece  of  perfor¬ 
ated  steel.  — - 

XT  ii T  nr-  Sectional  view — Amalgamation  perfect.  No  seam 

Wo  Waste  Wire  There  is  no  waste  wire  to  make  useless  weight; 
xiw  .  .  jnstead,  heavier  wire  is  used  and  all  the  weight 

Wo  Waste  Weight  is  fence.  Stay  wires  being  of  the  same  size  as 
line  wires,  the 

“Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Fence  is  the  Strongest  in  the  World 

EVERY  ROD  GUARANTEED  PERFECT 
Catalogue  showing  73  different  styles  and  sizes,  adapted  to  every  purpose— FIELD 
FARM,  RANCH,  LAWN,  POULTRY— Sent  free  on  request.  Sold  by  dealers  everywhere 

PITTSBURGH  STEEL  CO, 

PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

Makers  of 

Pittsburgh  PERFECT  brands  of  Barbed  Wire,  bright,  annealed 
and  galvanized  Wire,  Fence  Staples,  standard  Wire  Nails  and 
Pittsburgh  PERFECT”  Fencing. 


I53W* 


204 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  4, 


The  Henyard. 


CHEESE-BOX  BROODERS. 

My  article  on  fireless  brooders  made 
from  cheese  boxes  seems  to  have  at¬ 
tracted  considerable  attention,  judging  by 
the  number  of  questions  being  received 
in  regard  to  it,  and  it  is  singular  what 
questions  people  will  ask.  One  man 
wants  to  know  “if  the  chicks  are  fed 
in  the  cheese  box  or  in  the  yard.”  He 
might  as  well  ask  if  you  feed  chicks 
while  they  are  under  the  hen.  There 
is  a  nest  of  hay  in  the  cheese  box  and 
it  is  more  or  less  dark  in  there ;  they 
must  be  fed  and  watered  in  the  yard 
of  course,  and  the  yard  should  have 
sand  or  fine  gravel  in  it,  and  cut  clover 
or  Alfalfa  to  scatter  the  dry  feed  in,  to 
make  the  chicks  scratch.  There  must 
be  shelter  from  rain  and  wind,  either  by 
putting  the  cheese  boxes  under  a  shed 
or  in  a  larger  box  with  lid  that  can  be 
lifted  to  let  in  the  sunshine,  and  shut 
down  to  keep  out  rain.  Mr.  Gammack 
uses  his  old  brooders,  taking  out  all  the 
inside  parts,  retaining,  only  the  four 
sides  and  the  top,  and  putting  the 
cheese  boxes  inside  with  the  little  paper 
yard  attached.  The  object  of  the  “yard” 
is  to  keep  the  chicks  close  to  the 
brooder,  to  keep  them  from  straying 
away  and  getting  chilled;  it  also  serves 
to  help  force  them  into  the  box,  for  the 
paper  fence  is  tacked  to  the  cheese  box 
at  opposite  sides  just  at  the  outer  edge 
of  the  entrance  holes,  so  that  the  chicks 
when  they  begin  to  get  cold  and  crowd 
into  the  angle  formed  by  the  fence  and 
the  box  they  crowd  themselves  through 
the  entrance  holes  into  the  box.  In  the 
regular  Philo  brooder,  a  square  box 
with  ait  entrance  hole  in  the  middle  of 
one  side,  it  is  necessary  to  push  the 
chicks  in  by  hand  for  the  first  three  or 
four  days,  or  until  they  learn  to  go  in 
themselves.  This  can  be  hastened  by 
placing  a  hot-water  bag  or  a  hot  brick 
on  top  of  the  blanket  under  which  they 
nestle,  the  smell  of  the  warmth  being 
an  inducement  to  enter.  After  they  have 
learned  to  go  in  there  will  be  no  further 
trouble,  they  run  in  and  out  as  they 
feel  inclined.  That  strong  and  healthy 
chicks  can  be  raised  in  this  way  there 
is  not  doubt  whatever. 

GEO.  A.  COSGROVE. 


The  Poultuyman’s  Friend.  —  That  is 
what  I  call  the  little  dog  shown  in  picture. 
This  little  fellow  can  make  about  as  much 
noise  as  a  large  dog,  very  much  easier  kept, 
does  not  trample  new-made  garden  and 
flower  beds,  as  do  the  larger  breeds.  I 
know  this  by  experience,  as  my  neighbor 
keeps  a  large  dog.  This  little  fellow  goes 


THE  HENYARD  FRIEND. 


with  me  on  my  rounds  through  the  poultry 
houses,  always  looking  for  mice.  The  liens 
are  not  afraid,  as  they  were  brought  up 
with  him.  A  few  days  ago  he  caught  the 
only  rat  I  have  seen  about  the  place  for  a 
year,  while  my  neighbor  with  the  big  dog 
is  over-run  with  rats.  This  point  of  ex¬ 
cellence  1  consider  the  most  important,  as 
the  rat  is  the  hardest  thief  to  keep  out 
of  the  poultry  house. 

F.  M.  VAX  SYCKLE. 


The  Village  Flock. — A  village  family 
wishes  to  start  a  small  flock  of  hens  this 
Spring,  planning  to  keep  about  a  dozen,  for 
a  home  egg  supply.  They  will  be  closely 
yarded.  Should  they  buy  mature  hens, 
young  pullets,  or  baby  chicks  for  a  start? 
They"  a  re  disposed  to  buy  yearlings,  and  try 
to  hatch  two  settings  of  eggs  in  May.  What 
advice  is  offered? 

R.  N.-Y. — Will  the  back-yard  hen  men 
please  answer  this  from  experience?  We 
should  follow  the  last  plan  suggested. 

To  rid  a  building  of  hen  lice,  first  take 
out  all  the  detachable  parts,  such  as  nests 
and  roosts.  Should  the  building  be  papered 
on  the  inside,  this  should  be  removed.  The 
Interior  of  the  building  should  then  be 
sprayed  with  lamp  oil  to  which  has  been 
added  one-half  ounce  of  carbolic  acid  to 
each  quart  of  oil.  See  to  it  that  all  the 
crevices  are  well  sprayed,  including  those 
in  the  floor  and  ceiling.  f.  t.  f. 


Catching  Pigeons. —  I  would  like  to  know 
bow  I  could  trap  my  common  pigeons.  They 
roost  about  the  barn  in  different  places, 
where  I  cannot  get  to  them  to  catch  them. 
I  notice  they  are  very  fond  of  rock  salt,  and 
as  I  keep  it  in  the  barnyard  for  my  cows  all 
the  time,  the  pigeons  will  come  down  and 
eat  salt  in  flocks.  Can  some  reader  suggest 
a  trap  to  catch  them?  I  think  the  rock  salt 
would  make  very  good  bait.  At  this  time  of 
the  year  there  is  not  very  much  for  them  to 
get  to  eat  themselves,  only  what  I  feed 
them,  and  I  thought  they  would  be  more 
easily  caught  now  than  later  on  in  the 
Spring.  A.  J.  A. 

Salem,  N.  J. 

Dusting  a  hen  according  to  the  usual 
method  is  not  a  pleasant  procedure.  The 
bird  is  held  by  the  legs,  head  downward, 
over  an  outspread  newspaper,  and  then 
the  powder  is  rubbed  in  among  the  feath¬ 
ers  all  over  the  body,  especial  care  being 
taken  to  get  it  in  thoroughly  along  the 
neck,  under  the  wings,  and  about  the 
vent.  The  plan  works  well  ■when  the  hen 
koeps  quiet,  but  when  she  struggles  _  and 
flaps  her  wings  and  envelopes  you  in  a 
cloud  of  insect  powder  there  is  apt  to  be 
a  severe  strain  upon  the  temper.  There 
is  a  way  to  prevent  this,  when  the  hen 
is  tame,*  by  letting  her  stand  upon  the 
paper  and  applying  the  powder  to  her 
neck  and  hack  while  she  is  in-  that  posi¬ 
tion.  Then  slip  the  thumb  of  the  left 
hand  under  the  left  wing  and  the  fingers 
under  the  right  wing  and  grasp  the  wings 
firmly  together  so  that  she  cannot  flap 
them.  The  hen  may  then  be  raised  up 
and  held  in  any  position  while  the  powder 
is  rubbed  into  the  feathers.  w.  it.  F. 

“Pullets  for  eggs  and  hens  for  chicks” 
is  an  old  saying  that  has  the  surest  sort 
of  a  foundation.  If  all  poultry  keepers 
would  use  the  eggs  of  their  pullets  for  the 
table  and  take  only  the  eggs  of  mature 
birds  for  hatching  purposes  there  would 
not  be  so  many  complaints  about  infertile 
eggs  in  the  early  Spring.  This  implies 
that  the  male  bird  should  be  mature,  also. 
The  mating  of  immature  cockerels  and  pul¬ 
lets  is  a  common  cause  for  infertility.  No 
cockerel  should  be  allowed  to  mate  until  a 
vigorous  growth  of  his  spurs  indicates 
that  he  is  fit  to  become  a  breeder,  and  then 
his  companions  should  be  full-grown  hens. 
As  a  rule  the  strongest  chicks  result  when 
both  parents  are  well  developed  and  ma¬ 
ture.  w.  r.  P. 


Let  Us  Send 
You  Free 

Let  us  send  you  free  our  “  GEARLESS  ” 
HAY  LOADER  Booklet. 

It  is  brimful  of  interest  to  the  farmer  w'ho 
raises  hay,  alfalfa  or  beans. 

The  “  GEAR  LESS”  HAY  LOADER  is  built 
on  entirely  different  lines  from  any  other 
Loader,  and  the  fact  that  more  “GEARLESS” 
HAY  LOADERS  were  sold  in  1909  and  1910 
than  any  other  Loader  on  the  market  is  proof 
that  it  must  be  a  machine  of  great  merit. 

The- “GEARLESS”  is  so  simple  that  a  boy 
can  thoroughly  understand  it. 

It  is  wholly  free  from  the  many  troublesome 
parts,  such  as  gears,  chains,  sprockets,  etc., 
that  other  Loaders  have. 

Our  Free  Booklet  will  interest  you.  Write 
a  postal  for  it  to-day. 

LA  CROSSE  HAY  TOOL  CO. 

THIRTY-FIFTH  STREET,  CHICAGO  HEIGHTS.  IL.L. 


Why  Grow  Potatoes. 

Simply  because  they  pay.  They  find 
a  ready  market  at  good  prices  and 
bring  in  more  revenue  per  acre — more 
net  profit — than  do  many  other  farm 
crops.  In  all  parts  of  the  country  where 
potatoes  are  grown  as  a  farm  crop,  the 
Evans  Potato  Planter,  manufactured  by 
The  American  Seeding-Machine  Co.,  In¬ 
corporated,  Springfield,  Ohio,  will  be 
found  in  the  lead.  There  must  be,  and 
are  good  reasons  for  it.  The  Evans 
does  the  work  right — more  accurately 
than  is  possible  by  hand.  It  has  the 
celebrated  Evans  Adjustable  Pickers, 
which  handle  any  size  seed.  One  man 
or  hoy  can  operate  the  planter  any¬ 
where.  It  is  simple,  light  draft  and  has 
many  exclusive  features  that  go  to  make 
up  the  perfect  potato  planter.  It  can  be 
furnished  with  either  disc  or  runner 
furrow  openers.  It  has  more  good  time 
and  labor  saving  devices  than  any  other 
potato  planter  on  the  market  and  is  sold 
under  such  a  broad  and  liberal  war¬ 
ranty  that  purchasers  run  no  risk.  Send 
to  the  manufacturers  for  an  Evans  Po¬ 
tato  Planter  catalogue,  read  all  about  it 
and  then  go  to  your  implement  dealer 
and  insist  on  seeing  the  Evans. 


“©Eil  IP ZiilLY 

BUYING  AHORSE  AND-' 

SMITH  NEEDED  A  HORSE.  HE  KNEW  LITTLE 
ABOUT  HORSES,  SO  BOUGHT  ONE  OF  A  “GYP’’ 
FOR  $75.00.  HIS  “CHEAP”  HORSE  WENT 
TO  THE  BAD,  COST  HIM  BIG  DOCTOR 


BUYING 

AN  engine; 


Pjaspit  jSbSMaSyfggysSE-  you  ncedanengine.and 

THEPRG3ABILIT1ESARETHAT, 
YOU  KNOW  VERY  LITTLE  MORE  l 

gjjfeS  ABOUT  AN  ENGINE  THAN  SMITH  KNEW  £ 

ABOUTAHORSE.IFYOUARE  WISE.YOUV.1LL  M 
not  MAKE  THE  SAME  MISTAKE  THAT  SMITH  DID,  ■ 
BUT  WILL  GO  TO  THE  RE  PUTABLE  MANUFACTURER; 

FIRST,  PAY  AFAIR  PRICE  FOR  YOUR  ENGINE,  ANDGET 
ONE  THAT  WILL  WORK.  WE  HAVE  BEEN  MAKING  K 

ENGINES  FOR  THIRTY-FIVE  NEARS.  WE  HAVE  ENGINES-^!  E 
IN  USE  TO-DAY  THAT  HAVE  qEEN  IN  RUNNING  CONTINUOUS-^ j  | 
LY.  FOR  THIRTY  YEARS.]  WE  CAN  SATISFY  YOU  AND  SAVE. 

YOU  MONEY  INTHE  END.  OUR  CATALOGUE  TE  LLSJYOU  j 

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DfllLY 

OUTPUT 

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BBLS 


YEARLY 
OUTPUT 
OVER 
G,  500,000 


ALPHA 

PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


1L*,  Indestructible  !w&LMuk  Collars 

prevent  and  cure  sore  shoulders.  Save  cost! 
of  liames,  pads,  or  straps.  Stronger,  lighter, 
better.  Always  keep  their  shape.  Guaran¬ 
teed  not  to  rust.  Adjustable  in  size  to  fit  | 
animal  whether  fall  poor  or  spring  fat. 

Write  Today  For  Our  YEAR’S  FREETRIAL  I 

with  freight  prepaid.  Endorsed  by  vet- 
erinaries,  used  by  City  Fire  Depts.  and  more  | 
than  100.000  fanners  and  teamsters.  Sold  j 
by  dealers  everywhere  Good  agents  wanted. 

TiJOHNSTON-SLOCUM  CO.  708 Stale  Si.  CARO.  MICH.i 


(  toT'Nju 


»ca*  Dairymen,  Take  a  Look  at  the 
r^!ta  STRITE  GOVERNOR  PULLEY 

Its  the  original  and  •*  only 
thing  for  driving  cream  sep¬ 
arators  with  gasoline  en¬ 
gines.  Once  tried,  always 
used.  TRY  ONE.  Ask  your 
dealer  for  a  “STRITE”  or 
write  n»  direct.  Don’t  take 
an  imitation. 

Strite  Governor  Pulley  Co. 
357  South  Third  Street 
Minneapolis,  Minn. 


48  IH.F.  roif  25c 

Best  high  carbon  coiled  steel 
wire.  Easy  to  stretch  over 
hills  and  hollows.  FREE 
Catalog — fences,  tools.  Buy 
from  factory  at  wholesale 
prices.  Write  today  to  Box  67 
MASON  FENCE  CO.,  LEESBURG,  O 


mm 


**  ■fc-K,  4.-K  4.T-4.  4.f  +  4-t*  A- 1*  A 


I  II  II  II  II  II  II  II  II 


CdUPCT  For  Lawns,  Churches,  Cemeteries,  Pub- 
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special  offer  and  our  free  handsome  Pattern  Book. 

THE  WARD  FENCE  CO..  Box  945  Decatur,  Ind. 


Farmers’  Handy  Wagon 
at  a  Low  Price 

Absolutely  the  best  wagon  built  for  every  kind 
of  heavy  teaming.  Low  steel  wheels,  wide  tires. 
Will  last  a  lifetime  without  repairs. 

STEEL  WHEELS 

for  farm  wagons 
— any  size  to  fit 
any  axle.  Send 
for  our  free 
booklet  before 
you  buy  a  wagon 
or  a  set  of  wheels. 

EMPIRE  MFG.  CO.,  Box  96  W  Quincy,  111. 


THE  SUI 


IATCH 


Government 
Experts  t 


Farmer’s  Bulletin  No.  236  on  Incubation  and 
Incubators,  issued  by  the  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture  describes  a 
perfect  incubator.  In  so  doing  it  describes  the  SURE  HATCH  as 
faithfully  as  though  the  writer  had  a  SURE  HATCH  INCUBATOR  stand¬ 
ing  before  him  as  he  wrote.  Read  what  he  says: 

"The  body  should  be  mounted  on  strong  legs." 

“The  top  should  be  smooth  and  unincumbered." 

"No  machine  is  complete  without  nursery  and  chick  tray." 
"Best  regulator  is  double  disc." 

“Body  should  be  of  unshrinkable  material.” 

"Walls  must  be  air  tight  and  have  dead  air  space  between." 
"Must  have  double  doors  perfectly  fitted." 

The  SURE  HATCH  is  the  only  incubator  having  every  feature  required  in  a  perfect  incubator. 
Double  redwood  walls  with  dead  air  space  between;  dependable  hot  water  heating  system, 
sensitive,  positive  heat  regulator  and  safe,  steady  lamp,  are  Sure  Hatch  features  that  are 
not  equalled  in  any  other  incubator.  The 

gn  Y  TTS  XT'-  tJ  A  'pr'll  cannot  fail  to 

o  U  KLf  nA  1  Ln  %% 

against  disappointment  by  getting  a  SURE  HATCH,  the  incubator  that  has 
L  earned  its  reputation  of  catching  more  healthy  chicks  than  any  other  A 
incubator  made.  TRY  A  SURE  HATCH  60  DAYS  FREE.  We 
guarantee  satisfaction  and  pay  the  freight.  Send  today  for  our 
Free  Sure  Hatch  Book  containing  valuable  information. 

Sure  Hatch  Incubator  Co., 

Box  44  Fremont,  Neb. 


PRODUCTS 


%rs/t> 


agfeSSfeigs 


Largest  ~ 

Stock  Farm  ^ 

Barn  in  • — 

Minnesota. 

This  building  was  roofed  with 
NEPONSET  Paroid  by  the  farm 
hands  themselves. 


3S.  Five 
problem 


apples ; 
re  tired 
boiling 
now  for 


1011. 


THE  RUKAb  NEW-YORKER 


295 


,,  ;  -.'v 


A  City  Woman’s  Farm 

Cl  L  ’i  READER,  do  you  ever  long1  for  a  country  home,  and  wonder  if  with 
your  family,  it  would  be  safe  to  change?  If  so,  subscribe  Now  for  the 
Eakm  Journal,  and  read  in  the  January  issue  what  a  Chicago 
woman  did. 

She 
years 
of  sui . 
herself 

_,For  a  mouth  she  rented  a  ten-acre  farm,  badly  run  down,  but  with  house  and  barn 

g?  S?  JSKffSXSWSK  Si""-  1*,U"  *  r“'"s  "™‘  "■  “4  on  Thite 

With  such  a  load,  could  a  woman  possibly  succeed  ?  If  so,  what  could  YOU  do  ? 

Now.  she  writes, 
and  when  we  f“ 
and  dirty  and 

the* pairacegof  a* k i ng  ',0'1  S  Iresn  Mr  and  love  to  »»t  us,  1  wouldn’t  change 
This  story  is  one  of  the  series,  “Hack  to  the  Soil,”  now  running  in  the 

FARM  JOURNAL 

Th°y  are  deeply  interesting  stories  of  real  experience,  by  people  in  various  walks  of  life  givine 
to  Tie*  count?  y  ° S  RS  t0  l0SS  ’tlU  galu'  aiuI  Vl!,-y  llelpfnl  in  deciding-wiiether  it  is  safe  for  you  tomove 

Here  Are  THREE  SPLENDID  GUIDE  BOOKS 

which  every  one  should  have  who  thinks  of  going  to  the  country 
“Shall  I  Karin  ?**  a  most  valuable  guide,  is  published  by  the  Farm  Journal 

.  Aii  .  ,  ^  present  both  sides*  ami  help  yon  to  decide  wi^elv  Tf  ic  ah- 

Boluteiy  impartial  and  unbiased.  It  points  out  the  loneliness  of  country  life,  die  difficulty 
of  getting  help,  lack  of  city  conveniences  and  amusements,  as  well  as  its  smaller  expenses  health- 
tulness  and  safety  for  children,  better  food  and  water,  etc.  It  also  warns  of  dangers  and  swindles 
tells  how  much  cash  is  needed,  what  it  costs  to  equip  a  fruit  farm,  poultry,  dairy  grain  or  other 
agrkultum  et?  gover"meilt  a”d  rail™a'>  lands,  free  maps,  farmers’  bulletins*’  free  courses  in 
NO  SUCH  GUIDE  EVER  BEFORE  PUBLISHED.  (See  offers  below.) 


Corning  Egg- Book},!  the  great  guide-book  for  back-ya  rd  chicken  raisers.  It  tells 

n„Vf„  °  ■  ..  *low  two  city  men  in  poor  health,  with  no  experience,  starting  with 

*Y>  a!  p„ 1  11  J°"r  ve;uis  ilu  business,  which,  with  1953  liens,  made  one  year  anaver- 
fn0wln?«2^  ,?i6d-4:o  yearperhen.  these  men  learned  how  to  make  liens  lay  the, most  eggs 

why  Uiov  raised senlv^wlMta  «!  »!’/  /  l;enAs  !l  dozen.  Tllis  hook  tell  how  they  found  the  best  breed, 
ItL  Z,  i  m  "W,wiMteiliriW,  sterile  ees,  iow  tney  keep  liens  LAVING  ALL  WINTER, 
when  they  hatch  clucks  to  do  their  best  laying  in  January  how  to  mix  the  feed  thif  orndneeQ 
eggs,  and  how  their,  whole  system  works  to  that  one  end-egg^  eggs  EGGS  it  gfves  photographs 
aslieeded  Bte  worklIlg  p  ilns  of  t,leir  buildings,  which  you  can* build  in  sections,  large  or  small 


“Garden  Gold”  !,sac  apital  hook  for  all  who  have  back  yards  or  gardens.  In  these 

grocery  hilU  ,.i  ,  ay,?.  "1K''  Prie0s  a  supply  of  your  own  vegetables  cuts  down  yo'ur 

groeeiy  bills  in  great  shape,  and  selling your  surplus  brings  in  ready  money  “  G  \R1)EN  GOLD” 
tells  just  how  to  plant  ami  cultivate  all  vegetahlos.-cleiVr,  simple  reliable 


ANY  ONE  of  these 

books  and  Farm  Jour¬ 
nal  rest  of  1911  r/v 
and  all  of  19)2  <3UC. 


ANY  TWO  of  the 
books,  and  the  Farm 
Journal  for 
three  years  iJ/l.UU 


lie  sure  to  say  plainly  which  book  or  books  you  ivant. 


ALL  THREE  of  the 
books  and  Farm  Jour¬ 
nal  for  two 
years  jJ/l.UU 


F ARM  JOURNAL  ,wry  \>m’  who  rais.es  frJlit’,Te£etables*  or  poultry  as  well  as  horses, 

ft  tenViii  Aew  ‘’Cream,  net  skim  milk,”  is  its  m^tfo."  Every  month 

Sr  : boys  and  fspecfal^orfte6^^"  bright  c&  reading 

JZ7y\  us^f nT home* paper .rW> ’  »  ^k  yard,  or  even  a 

With  any  $  I  order,  if  mailed  within  TEN  DAYS  of  the  date  of  this 

^Pmr;,VVf'?:,ll<SendyOUa,SO  POOR  R'CHARD  REVIVED,  an  Almanac 
for  1911,  full  of  wit  and  wisdom  for  the  rural  home. 

Address  your  letter  just  like  this  — 

FARM  JOLItTsATj,  -  -  130  Clifton  Street,  Philadelphia 


No  Saving  in  First  Cost  Can  Pay  a  Fractional  Part 
of  the  Cost  of  the  First  Leak 

When  it  comes  to  roofing,  you  need  the  best — the 
kind  that  has  proved  it  will  not  leak.  Proved  it  in  all 
climates,  through  many  years  of  service  to  thousands 
of  farmers  and  manufacturers  throughout  the  countrv, 
to  the  U.  S.  Government  and  the  leading  railroads. 

NEponseT 

PAROID  ROOFING 

For  Barns,  Stables,  Poultry- Houses  and 
Other  Farm  Buildings 

NepdnseT  Paroid  Roofing  is  becoming  each  year  more  and  more 
recognized  as  the  most  thoroughly  satisfactory  roofing  and  siding. 
More  lasting  than  shingles;  easier  to  lay  and  a  safeguard  against  fire. 

For  the  residence  NEponseT  Proslate  Roofing  gives  a  handsome 
effect  and  saves  you  from  repair  bills  and  all  roofing  troubles. 

Write  for  the  Bird  NEpdnsET  Book 

which  gives  full  information  concerning  the  different  NEponseT 
Roofings  for  different  types  of  buildings.  Also  describes 
NEponseT  Waterproof  Building  Papers  which  keep  out  cold  and 
dampness  from  your  house  and  reduce  the  fuel  bill. 

There  are  NEponseT  Roofing  Dealers  everywhere.  If  you  do  not  know 
the  one  in  your  locality ,  write  us  and  we  will  tell  you.  We  will  also 
tell  you  the  buildings  nearby  where  Neponset  Roofings  have  been  used. 

F.  W.  BIRD  &  SON,  127  Neponset  Street,  East  Walpole,  Mass.,  U.  S.  A. 

Establi.hed  179S.  Originators  of  Complete  Ready  Roo  fings  and  IValerproof  Building  Papers. 

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I  want  iooo  Farmers  who  have  never 
used  it  to  make  a  Trial  Experiment  with 

Nitrate  of  Soda 

on  a  small  part  of  a  field,  on  any  staple 
Crop.  It  will  be  a  useful  demonstration 
of  the  value  of  titrate  as  a  Fertilizer 
when  used  as  a  Top  Dressing.  The  Trial 

Will  Cost  You  Nothing 

Send  your  name  and  address  on  Post 
Card  for  instructions  and  conditions 

Dr.  WILLIAM  S.  MYERS,  Director  of  Propaganda 

71  Nassau  Street,  New  York 

No  Branch  Offices 


WHICH  TEAM 
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Undipped 

Clipped  horses  are  fresh  an  t  full 
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Every  man  who  considers  the 
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the  horse  are  reached  easily. 


Clipped 

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in  constant  oil 
bath.  Price,  all 
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296 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  4, 


HOG  PASTURE  IN  NEW  JERSEY. 

Prof.  John  A.  Craig  states  in  the  pam¬ 
phlet  “Rape  as  a  Forage  Crop.''  that  10  hogs 
will  eat  one-third  of  an  acre  of  rape  in 
two  months.  I  have  moveable  hog  pens 
which  I  move  daily  on  land  1  wanted  to 
break  up  and  clear,  and  I  find  I  have  raised 
my  four  hogs  very  cheaply  on  refuse  garden 
truck,  sweet  corn,  etc.  1  also  find  they 
would  rather  eat  weeds  than  green  oats  and 
peas  and  turnips.  Will  they  eat  rape  oil 
clean  V  I  propose  to  seed  to  rape  in  pro¬ 
portion  to  the  number  of  pigs  I  have  when 
they  are  six  weeks  old ;  also  my  breeders. 
Pens  8x16  feet;  eight  small  (or  four  large) 
hogs  in  each  pen,  and  move  daily,  plowing 
after  the  rape  is  eaten  off,  planting  sweet 
corn  for  market,  the  pigs  to  have  green 
fodder  and  small  ears.  My  land  is  good. 
What  grain  should  I  feed  with  the  rape? 

I  low  would  the  following  plan  work  out 
in  central  New  Jersey/  What  other  green 
forage  will  hogs  eat  clean?  Space  planted 
in  rape,  April  1-15;  planted  in  sweet  corn, 
June  1-15 ;  planted  in  wheat,  September 
15.  Next  plot  planted  in  rape,  April  15-80; 
planted  in  sweet  corn,  June  15-80;  Yellow 
Stone  turnips  and  clover,  August  15-20. 
Next  planted  in  rape,  May  1-15;  Succession 
cabbage,  July  1-15;  rye,  November  1;  rape 
May  15-80,  followed  by  turnips  and  clover, 
July  15-30.  K.  Thomas. 

New  Jersey. 

The  experience  of  your  correspondent 
is  in  accordance  with  the  result  of  ex¬ 
periment  work  at  this  station  regarding 
the  use  of  forage  crop  mixtures  for 
swine.  The  remarkably  high  prices  that 
bred  sows  are  bringing  at  public  sales, 
together  with  the  continued  high  values 
of  dressed  pork,  bring  the  question  of 
swine  production  before  4-h£  eyes  of 
progressive  farmers  in  a  new  light.  The 
live  stock  farmers  in  the  West  have 
long  since  realized  the  importance  and 
profit  of  giving  their  swine  comparative¬ 
ly  liberal  runs  in  hog-tight  pasture 
fields,  maintaining  that  corn  and  clover 
supplemented  with  middlings  and  a 
sprinkle  of  tankage  supplies  a  most  econ¬ 
omical  source  of  feeding  swine  with 
profit.  The  eastern  farmer  on  the  other 
hand  has  looked  to  his  pigs  more  as  a 
by-product  or  a  means  of  disposing  of 
the  garbage  and  other  refuse  products 
on  the  farm;  and  has  furnished  them 
neither  pasture  land  nor  sanitary  quar¬ 
ters.  If  the  milkless  cow  is  a  reality 
in  the  corn  belt,  then  surely  the  pasture¬ 
less  pig  is  with  us  in  the  Hast ;  and  with 
pork  selling  at  from  12  to  15  cents  per 
pound,  dressed  weight,  the  Jersey  farmer 
is  certainly  on  the  right  track  when  he 
turns  his  attention  to  economical  hog 
production.  In  the  absence  of  perma¬ 
nent  grass  pasture,  I  would  suggest  the 
following  mixture  per  acre :  One  bushel 
of  oats,  one  bushel  of  Canada  field 
peas,  one  peck  of  barley,  20  pounds  of 
Dwarf  Essex  rape,  10  pounds  Red 
clover.  The  same  seeded  on  relatively 
high  productive  ground,  and  seeded  pre¬ 
ferably  during  early  April.  If  more 
than  two  acres  are  seeded  on  the  same 
farm,  it  would  be  good  judgment  to 
make  successive  plantings,  using  the 
same  mixture  and  planting  the  second 
area  during  the  latter  part  of  April  or 
the  first  of  May.  The  oats,  Canada 
field  peas  and  barley  should  be  mixed 
together  and  seeded  with  an  ordinary 
grain  drill,  and  the  rape  and  clover 
mixed  and  broadcast  either  by  means  of 
a  wheelbarrow  seeder  or  by  hand.  If 
the  oats  and  peas  are  not  pastured  close 
during  the  season  a  sufficient  quantity 
of  the  oats  will  go  to  seed,  and  make 
additional  Fall  feed.  The  rape  if  it  is 
not  pastured  during  wet  weather  will 
last  throughout  the  Summer  season,  and 
a  surprisingly  large  amount  of  feed  can 
be  supplied  in  this  way.  By  all  means 
arrangements  should  be  completed  such 
as  will  enable  the  swine  to  be  kept  off 
the  field  during  exceedingly  wet  weather, 
for  they  will  waste  a  considerable 
amount  of  forage  if  they  are  permitted 
to  roam  at  leisure  when  the  ground  is 
soft.  The  suggestion  that  your  corre¬ 
spondent  makes  in  regard  to  the  use  of 
small  portable  pens  8x18  seems  to  me 
rather  impractical,  for  it  is  the  practice 
of  swine  when  closely  confined,  to  waste 
and  mess  up  a  large  amount  of  forage, 
and  in  my  judgment  the  areas  mid 
be  increased  even  though  the  p>  re 
moved  from  day  to  day.  _  The  rot  .tion 
of  sweet  corn  followed  with  wheat  and 
vetch  after  rape  is  a  very  good  one,  and 
the  mixture  that  he  suggested  will  sup¬ 
ply  him  a  large  amount  of  green  forage. 
I  would  suggest,  however,  the  use  of 
Winter  vetch  with  both  the  wheat,  tur¬ 
nips,  clover  and  rye  in  his  last  seeding, 
and  if  the  rape  is  pastured  short,  and 
does  not  show  evidence  of  supplying 
additional  feed  for  the  Fall,  I  would 
disk  the  ground  and  re-seed  with  a  mix¬ 
ture  of  one  bushel  of  rye  or  wheat,  25 
pounds  of  Winter  vetch,  eight  pounds  of 
Crimson  clover  per  acre. 

In  addition  to  the  green  forage  that 
the  swine  have  access  to  during  these 
periods,  increased  gains  could  be  econ¬ 
omically  gained  by  feeding  as  a  thick 
mixed  slop  the  following  mixture :  Eight 
parts  of  cornmeal,  two  parts  wheat  mid¬ 
dlings,  one  part  digester  tankage.  Fed 
twice  a  day  after  the  animals  have.  ac¬ 
quired  the  bulk  of  their  growth,  if  it  is 


the  desire  of  the  owner  to  fatten  them 
quickly  and  economically.  Shelter 
should  be  provided  during  the  warm 
weather,  as  it  is  extremely  expensive  to 
permit  brood  sows  or  fattening  barrows 
to  be  exposed  to  the  penetrating  rays 
of  the  sun  during  the  heat  of  the  day. 
A  cool  shady  retreat  will  result  in  ad¬ 
ditional  gains  during  this  season  of  the 
year.  During  the  Fall  season,  say  be¬ 
ginning  with  the  first  of  September, 
green  corn,  cabbage  and  root  crops  sup¬ 
ply  additional  forage,  but  the  latter  are 
inclined  to  be  rather  bulky  for  use  with 
fattening  swine.  They  do  very  well  for 
brood  sows  and  store  hogs,  but  barrows 
or  brood  sows  that  are  being  fattened 
for  market  should  be  fed  liberal  quan¬ 
tities  of  rather  concentrated  feeds. 

Swine  growers  should  remember  that 
the  most  inexpensive  gains  are  made  with 
young  hogs ;  the  result  of  liberal  feeding 
throughout  their  growing  and  fattening 
periods.  Second,  early  maturity  and 
quality  are  the  two  factors  that  govern 
high  dressing  percentages;  and  third,  the 
grower  must  watch  the  demands  of  the 
market  and  supply  prime  pork  of  the 
right  weight  and  degree  of  fatness  if 
he  is  to  expect  the  highest  local  prices 
for  his  product. 

FREDERICK  C.  MINKLER. 

New  Jersey  Exp.  Static/ti. 


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Paint  Another  Roof 


There  is  a  Roofing  for  your  bam— that  will  never 
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When  you  build  or  order  a  now  roof  of  any  kind — specify  that 
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Keeps  out  cold  and  dampness.  Fire-resisting,  storm¬ 
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This  wonderful  substitute  for  lath  and  plaster  comes  in  sheets,  ready 
to  nail  on  the  studding.  Makes  cheapest  and  best  wall.  Cheaper  by 
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Write  for  full  particulars  and  extraordinarily  low  prices. 

Corrugated  Steel  Roofs 

We  undersell  everybody  on  Metnl  Roofing  (painted  or  galvanized).  If  inter- 
ted.  write  for  prices  on  Old  Honest  Two-V-Crimped  Steel  Roofing  or 
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THE  GROWING  SEASON  IS  SO  SHORT 

You  must  give  your  crops  the  plant  food  they  need  in  its  most  available  form. 
Swift’s  Animal  Fertilizers  do  even  more  than  this — they  build  up  the  soil  for  future 
crops.  Made  from  animal  products  —  Bone,  Meat  and  Blood,  with  high  grade  Potash 
—  they  supply  crop  nourishment  in  a*concentrated  and  predigested  form. 


“  I  planted  5  acres  of  corn  this  sea¬ 
son,  having  bought  your  fertilizers 
through  your  agent  in  our  town.  I 
used  450  lbs.  of  Swift’s  Special  Fertil¬ 
izer  to  the  acre,  and  notwithstanding 
the  season  was  very  dry,  I  harvested 
the  biggest  crop  I  ever  raised.  It  was 
immensely  thick  and  well  eared,  giv¬ 
ing  me  GOO  bushels  of  ears.” 

H.  H.  BROOKS,  Ashby,  Mass. 


Dover,  Me.,  Sept.,  1910. 

“  This  is  to  certify  that  in  the  fall  of 
1908  I  broke  up  8  acres  of  land  that 
did  not  raise  over  G  tons  of  hay.which 
I  planted  to  potatoes  in  1909,  using 
1900  lbs.  of  your  Potato  Phosphate 
to  the  acre,  and  I  harvested  250  bush¬ 
els  of  potatoes  per  acre  in  1910.  I 
used  300  lbs.  per  acre  and  I  raised  625 
bushels  of  oats  on  the  8  acres.” 

Mr.  LOUIS  PBRKAULT. 


You  can  use  them  with  or  without  manure;  they  are  made  for  any  soil  and  all  crops. 
See  our  local  agent,  for  full  particulars,  and  write  us  direct  for  our  free  Pocket  Hand¬ 
book  of  valuable  Crop  Information. 

IVe  have  some  towns  open  for  good  local  agents. 

SWIFT’S  LOWELL  FERTILIZER  CO.,  40  North  Market  St.,  Boston. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Keeps  silage  better  and  doors  are  much 
handier  to  use  and  enter.  All  wood  parts 
below  roof  NOW  DIPPED  IN  PL'RE 
CREOSOTE,  preserving  the  wood  from 
rot  and  silo  needs  no  painting. 

Will  Last  A  Life  Time 

OUR  PATENTED  DOORS 

Have  THREE  BEAR¬ 
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a  refrigerator  or  safe 
door.  Silage  will  keep 
perfectly  around  the 
door  as  in  all  other 
places. 

STAVE  ENDS  AND  JOINTS 

It  would  be  quite  impossible  to  get  as 
good  joints  in  any  home  made  silo  and 
few  if  any  others  tise  as  thick  or  as  wide 
steel  for  end  splines.  Green  Mountain 
joints  are  made  right. 

THE  STRONG  HOOPS 

Space  too  small  to  explain  in  detail,  but 
Green  Mountain  Steel  -Hoops  will  never  : 
break  at  the  thread  or  elsewhere. 

Other  Exclusive  features  are  explained 
in  catalogue,  a  fine  free  book ;  ask  for  it. 

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laBt  we  will  mall  one  copy  free  to 
each  person  asking  for  It.  It  gives 
the  actual  experience  of  these  farm¬ 
er®  and  1b  their  own  words. 

Our  Factories  are  located  at  An¬ 
derson,  Ind.,  DesMoines,  Iowa,  and  . 

Kansas  City,  Write  NOW  O  1 

Missouri.  for  this  book  OllO  JtnrOtllS 

o.o  INDIANA  SILO  COMPANY 
318  Union  Building,  Anderson,  Indiana 


The  only  thoroughly  manufactured 
Silo  on  the  market.  Full  length  6tave. 
Continuous  door  frame  complete  with 
ladder.  Triple  beveled  silo  door  with 
hinges.  Equipped  with  extra  heavy 
hoops  at  bottom. 

AIR  TIGHT 

Makes  wintor  feed  equal  to  June 
grass.  THE  ROSS  will  more  than  pay 
for  itself  in  one  season.  Write  to¬ 
day  for  catalog  which  gives  facts  that 
will  save  you  money.  Agents  wanted. 

The  E.  W.  Ross  Co.(Est.ia50) 
Box  13  SPKLNGFIELD.  OHIO 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOR 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 
GUARANTEED  MONEY-SAVING 


strongest  built,  simplest  to  put  up  and  easiest  operated 
on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take-up  hoop- 
continuous  open-door  front — air-tight  door  and  per¬ 
manent  ladder  are  some  of  the  unusual  features.  Th* 

International  81I«  113  Main  8t..  Linear!!!*,  ,7*. 


THE  UNADiLLA  SILO 

THE  SENSATION  OF  THE 
AGRICULTURAL  WORLD. 

Write  for  our  “TWENTY- 
FIVE  REASONS”  why  it  is  in 
a  class  by  itself. 

We  also  manufacture  Farm 
Water  Tubs  and  are  New  Eng¬ 
land  representatives  for  Papec 
Cutters  and  are  in  position  to 
quote  low  prices  upon  receipt  of 
inquiry.  Extra  discount  for 
early  orders.  Agents  wanted. 

THE  UNADILLA  SILO  CO.,  Inc.,  Box  B,  Unadiila,  N.  Y 


CURING  A  KICKING  COW. 

The  illustration  shown  herewith  is  a 
capital  device  for  a  kicking  cow.  Put  a 
three-fourths-inch  rope  around  cow  as 
shown,  twist  tight  enough  to  be  uncom¬ 
fortable;  be  sure  to  place  rope  back  of 


207 


HOBBLING  THE  COW. 

hip  bones.  If  she  still  is  inclined  to  kick 
give  her  a  long  tie  rope  and  when  she 
kicks  just  push  her  over  the  pole.  This 
will  take  all  the  conceit  out  of  the  worst 
cow.  The  kicking  rope  must  be  re¬ 
moved  in  order  to  let  her  get  up. 

T.  L.  M. 


THE  RETAILER’S  PROFIT  ON  SHEEP. 

The  Somerset  and  Franklin  Sheep  Breed¬ 
ers’  Association  laid  plans  for  some  far- 
reaching  changes  in  the  industry,  when  the 
executive  committee  met  in  Skowhegan  re¬ 
cently.  Instead  of  allowing  the  beef  trust 
and  the  live  stock  dealers  to  absorb -more 
than  a  fair  profit,  the  sheep  men  propose 
to  get  out  on  the  warpath,  and  go  right 
after  the  consumer’s  dollar  themselves. 
Maine  is  dotted  with  Summer  hotels  and 
boarding  houses,  to  say  nothing  of  the 
less  pretentious  fishing  and  hunting 
camps.  Thousands  of  lamb  carcasses  find 
a  ready  market  upon  the  dining  tables  of 
these  establishments  every  year,  yet  the 
sheep  raisers  have  benefited  but  little  from 
It.  Custom  has  decreed  that  the  animals 
must  first  bo  sold  alive  to  some  buyer 
When  a  carload  has  been  thus  accumulated 
they  are  shipped  to  Brighton  market  and 
sold  again.  Then  they  go  to  the  slaugh¬ 
ter  house,  and  after  passing  through  the 
hands  of  an  indefinite  number  of  middle¬ 
men,  find  their  way  back  into  Maine.  E. 
E.  Gifford,  president  of  the  Sheep  Breed¬ 
ers’  Association,  has  been  studying  this 
traffic  for  some  time  past,  and  finally  came 
to  the  conclusion  that  there  was  a  way 
out.  lie  saw  that  the  orders  for  lambs 
were  all  filled  by  way  of  Boston,  because 
the  supply  was  concentrated  there,  and 
buyers  could  be  sure  of  getting  what  they 
needed  and  when  they  needed  it.  The 
first  step  then,  in  approaching  the  con¬ 
sumer,  was  to  be  able  to  assure  him  as  to 
the  available  supply.  This  part  of  the 
problem  was  taken  up  at  the  committee 
meeting  and  it  was  decided  first  to  take 
a  census  of  the  stock  available.  Blanks 
are  in  preparation  which  will  be  sent  to 
every  member  of  the  association,  calling 
for  the  following  information :  The  num¬ 
ber  of  lambs  expected  during  the  coming 
season  ;  the  number  that  will  probably  be 
available  for  market;  the  date  at  which 
the  earliest  may  be  ready  for  slaughter; 
the  facilities  available  for  slaughtering 
and  placing  in  cold  storage. 

As  soon  as  these  returns  are  all  In, 
President  Gifford  will  proceed  to  get  In 
communication  with  the  hotel  stewards, 
etc.,  and  arrange  for  delivery  of  the  lambs 
at  such  times  and  in  such  quantities  as 
the  buyers  may  desire.  Preference  will  be 
given  to  those  establishments  that  call  for 
the  larger  quantities,  In  order  to  save  as 
much  as  possible  on  the  express  charges. 
The  result  of  this  change  will  be  to  save 
to  the  producer  a  much  larger  share  of  the 
consumer’s  dollar  than  he  has  ever  before 
had  the  pleasure  of  looking  upon.  Mr. 
Gifford  figures  that  it  will  make  a  differ¬ 
ence  of  about  .$2  per  head  on  the  average- 
sized  lambs,  reckoning  a  cut  of  10  per 
cent  below  market  prices  to  the  consumer 
as  an  inducement  to  get  business.  This 
plan  in  operation  for  one  or  two  years, 
will  work  wonders  with  the  sheep  industry. 
Instead  of  prices  but  a  shade  above  the 
cost  (of  production,  this  elimination  of 
the  middleman  will  bring  returns  that  will 
make  the  business  boom.  No  other  branch 
of  stock  husbandry  offers  the  same  oppor¬ 
tunity,  because  it  is  the  splendid  retail 
market  that  is  at  the  bottom  of  the  whole 
thing.  The  officers  of  the  association  are 
rather  in  hopes  that  some  one  of  the 
larger  Summer  hotels  may  arrange  to  take 
the  entire  output.  This  would  simplify  the 
management  considerably,  and  make  easier 
both  the  slaughtering  and  the  shipping. 
Every  precaution  will  be  taken  to  hold 
the  quality  up  to  the  top  notch,  so  that 
as  the  supply  increases,  the  market  will 
more  than  keep  pace  with  it. 

Somerset  Co.,  Me.  john  e.  tatlob. 


House  Drainage. — I  am  very  much  Inter¬ 
ested  in  your  articles  on  house  drainage, 
knowing  this  to  be  a  vital  question  in  rural 
homes.  I  would  like  to  know  if  others  are 
using  a  homemade  system  similar  to  the 
one  described  in  the  issue  of  September  10, 
1910.  I  know,  of  course,  there  are  patented 
systems  and  plans  for  sale,  but  they  are 
very  expensive.  g.  w.  d. 

Washington,  Mich. 


Guaranteed  for  15  Years — 
No  More  Roof  Expense 

When  you  use  Dickelman  Extra — your  roof  troubles  are  over.  Our  15-year  guaranty _ 

stamped  on  every  roll — and  given  to  you  in  black  and  white  protects  you  absolutely  It 
simply  means  that  you  will  have  no  more  roof  expense— no  more  roof  troubles— for  at 
least  15  years  after  the  date  you  purchase.  Most 
likely  you  will  never  have  to  roof  the  same  building 
again. 


DICKELMAN  EXTRA 

Galvanized  Metal  Roofing 

We  guarantee  it  for  15  years,  but  know  it  will  last  twice  that  long. 

We  know  that  our  roofing  which  was  put  up  25  years  ago  is  still  in  excellent 
condition — and  should  last  25  years  longer.  We  do  not  simply  tell  you  or  promise 
you  our  roofing  will  last  for  15  years —we guarantee  it.  Ask  your  dealer  about 
DICKELMAN  EXTRA.  If  he  doesn’t  sell  it,  write  us  at  once  for  sample  and 
our  valuable  roofing  book — sent  prepaid.  Know  we  can  our  roofing 

for  15  years  while  others  make  vague  promises  that  mean  nothing. 

The  secret  of  the  durability  of  Dickelman  Extra  lies  in  the  wonderful  system 
of  galvanizing — and  the  high  quality  of  the  materials  used.  The  metal  sheet  we 
use  fora  base  is  made  by  a  special  process  which  leaves  it  tough — yet  pliable 
and  open-grained.  So  the  galvanizing  material  fills  up  the  "pores” — and  actu¬ 
ally  becomes  a  part  of  the  finished  sheet.  This  prevents  it  from  cracking _ 

"  .scaling— wearing  or  rusting  off. 


I 


The  Dickelman 
Manufacturing  Co. 

62  Gormley  St. 
FOREST.  OHIO 


Send 
Now  for 
Sample 


Get  our  book— 
and  sample,  so 
you  can  test  it 
to  know  for 
yourself  its  su¬ 
periority. 


Edwards  Interlocking 
“Reo"  Steel  Shingles 

"  Last  a  Lifetime  A 


They  are  stamped 
In  best  Bessemer 
Steel  and  come  in 
sheets  5  to  12  feet 
long  and  24  inches 
wide,  either  paint¬ 
ed  or  galvanized. 
Will  not  rust  or 
corrode.  The 


v  w  <.  x  V  V4  V  •  A  11  C 

nails  are  covered  by  our  patent  interlocking 
feature  which  prevents  leaking,  etc. 

Reo  Steel  Shingles  are  easily  put  on  any 
roof.  Hammer  and  nails  only  tools  needed. 

$10,000  Guarantee  Bond 

Perfect  protection  against  fire,  and  are  ab¬ 
solutely  guaranteed  by  us  in  a  510,000  bond 
as  proof  against  lightning. 

Will  outwear  wood  or  composition  roofs 
and  cannot  be  distinguished  from  best  cut 
wood  or  slate  shingles. 

Get  Manufacturer’s  Bargain  Prices 

We  are  largest  manufacturers  of  all  kinds 
of  iron  and  steel  roofing:  and  can  Quote  you 
lowest  prices. 

Send  for  Our  Free  Catalog  No.  373 

It  contains  valuable  information  you 
should  have  before  you  put  on  that  roof. 
Send  dimensions  of  your  building  and  we  will 
quote  cost  of  a  Reo  Steel  Shingle  roof 
delivered  to  your  railroad  station. 

We  want  one  representative  in  every  com¬ 
munity  to  demonstrate  and  take  orders  for 
Edwards  Interlocking  Reo  Steel  Shingles. 
Write  us  today— now!  (40) 

THE  EDWARDS  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY 

323-373  Lock  Street,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO 


ECONOMY  SILO 


Our  simple  yet  perfect-fitting  doors, 
forming  air-tight  silo,  entirely  pre¬ 
vent  possibility  of  ensilage  spoiling. 
Quick,  easy  adjustment  without 


QuicS  .  _ 

hammer  or  wreucli.  Free  access. 

Every  silo  easy  to  erect.  Seasoned 
white  pine  or  cypress  staves.  Refined 
iron  hoops  form  easy  ladder. 

Write  for  free  catalogue  with  proof 
of  our  claims  from  delighted  users. 
ECONOMY  SILO  &  MFC.  CO., 

Box  38-J  Frederick,  Md. 


Cultivating  Methods. 

There  is  no  denying  the  fact  that 
methods  of  cultivating  vary.  Some 
farmers  cultivate  shallow  and  others 
deep.  Of  course,  much  depends  upon 
soil  conditions.  But  there  is  one  thing 
certain,  and  that  is  that  the  cultivation 
should  be  thorough  and  the  weeds  kept 
down.  It  is  also  a  fact  that  soil  condi¬ 
tions  and  the  “lay  of  the  land”  has 
forced  cultivator  manufacturers  to  build 
many  types  of  machines.  One  of  the 
most  complete  lines  of  cultivators  on  the 
market  is  the  Buckeye,  manufactured 
by  The  American  Seeding-Machine  Co., 
Incorporated,  Springfield,  Ohio,  and  the 
farmer  can  get  any  style  he  needs— 
Buckeye  Adjustable  Arch  Walking  Culti¬ 
vators  with  rigid  or  parallel  spring 
shovel  beams,  Buckeye  Sunbeam  Walk¬ 
ers  with  adjustable  arch  and  spring 
teeth  or  with  side  harrow  attachment, 
Buckeye  Sunbeam  Adjustable  Arch  Bal¬ 
anced  Frame  Walkers,  Buckeye  Dodger 
Pivot  Axle  Riding  Disc  Cultivators, 
which  are  the  best  hillside  disc  cultiva¬ 
tors  on  the  market;  Easy  Buckeye  Rid- 
ing  Cultivators  with  pin  or  spring  shovels, 
Buckeye  Pivot  Axle  Riding  Cultivators 
equipped  with  long  or  short  axles,  hav¬ 
ing  four,  six  or  eight-spring  trip,  rr  pin- 
break  shovels,  or  spring-teeth  beams, 
with  ten  spring  teeth,  acknowledged  to 
be  king  of  all  shovel  cultivators;  Buck¬ 
eye  Hammock  Seat  Cultivators  in  all 
styles  and  sizes;  the  new  Buckeye  Nar¬ 
row  Row  that  has  such  great  latitude 
as  to  width  of  adjustment  that  it  will 
take  care  of  any  narrow-row  crop  and 
the  wide  row  as  well.  Parties  who  con¬ 
template  the  purchase  of  a  cultivator 
should  send  to  The  American  Seeding- 
Machine  Co.,  Incorporated,  Springfield, 
Ohio,  for  their  cultivator  pamphlets,  and 
then  go.  to  their  local  implement  dealer 
and  insist  on  seeing  the  Buckeye.  Re¬ 
member  that  these  tools  are  sold  under 
a  warranty  that  amply  protects  the  pur¬ 
chaser — a  guarantee  that  no  manufac¬ 
ture’*  would  dare  to  make  unless  his 
gr  were  absolutely  right. 


“The  Farmer  Supports  the  World.” 


W 


The  Le  Roy  Plow  Co.,  Le  Roy,  N.  Y.,  have  built  up  a 

wonderful  reputation  on  a  wonderful  Walking 
Plow.  Now  to  meet  the  almost  universal  demand  for 
Riding  Plows,  this  Company  has  worked  its 
special  plow  experts  overtime  and  the  Result  is 
the  most  perfect,  practical.  Riding  Plow 
offered  to  the  practical  farmer.  Easy  and  con¬ 
venient  toot  trip.  Extreme  Pole  Shift.  Tilt- 
ing  Seat.  All  Steel  Frame  (others 
are  cast  iron)  Patent  Square  Steel  Jointer 
Standards — Chilled  Iron  or  Steel  Bot- 
toms,  best  of  all  Easy  Draft  and  Easy 
*-  to  Operate,  the  same  as  the  big-  line  of 

Le  Roy  Walking  Plows.  Ask  for  our 
1911  catalogue. 

You  usually  can  find  them  with  your 
best  dealers. 


LE  ROY  PLOW  CO,  Le  Roy,  N.  Y. 


March  4, 


288 


THE  RURAh  NEW-YORKER. 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


A  friend  of  mine  received  a  letter  from 
the  Winter  Mfg.  Co.,  Washington,  D.  C., 
offering  him  a  position  if  he  would  write 
them  signifying  his  intention  to  accept 
same.  They  do  not  state  the  exact  nature 
of  same,  but  say  he  will  receive  a  very 
good  salary,  about  $150  per  month.  I 
gather  that  it  is  taking  retail  orders  for 
groceries  or  something  similar.  Any  in¬ 
formation  concerning  them  will  be  greatly 
appreciated.  b.  t. 

New  York. 

You  can  feel  entirely  sure  that  a 
proposition  of  this  kind  has  an  element 
of  fake  in  it.  Positions  with  $150  a 
month  salary  are  not  offered  around  so 
loosely  without  a  string  tied  to  them. 
Your  friend  will  probably  get  a  proposi¬ 
tion  to  invest  some  money  as  a  condi¬ 
tion  of  taking  the  salary,  and  later  on 
he  will  find  himself  out  of  a  job  and  out 
of  an  income  and  with  his  money 
tied  up. 

I  shipped  12  crates  of  peaches  and  six 
crates  of  tomatoes  in  good  order  Saturday 
afternoon,  August  13,  and  we  have  been  re¬ 
peatedly  assured  that  goods  shipped  in  this 
way  and  at  this  time  would  be  delivered  in 
New  York  Citv  early  Monday  morning.  In 
this  case  1  was  told  by  the  consignees  that 
they  were  not  delivered  until  between  10 
and'  11  o’clock  Tuesday,  August  16,  too 
late  for  Tuesday’s  market,  and  in  a  ruined 
condition.  I  would  not  have  shipped  this 
stuff  had  I  known  it  would  have  been  so 
long  in  transit.  Usually  we  load  up  to 
five  o’clock  p.  m.  and  the  goods  are  in  New 
York  City  for  early  market  the  next  morn¬ 
ing.  Wiil  you  kindly  see  what  you  can  do 
with  this  claim  for  $7.50?  M.  P. 

New  Jersey. 

The  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey 
claim  that  this  being  less  than  a  carload 
shipment,  it  required  longer  than  the 
usual  time  for  transit,  and  that  they 
were  justified  in  sending  it  through  one 
of  their  transfers.  They  call  attention 
to  the  provisions  of  their  bill  of  lading 
that  they  do  not  undertake  to  deliver 
freight  in  time  for  any  particular  mar¬ 
ket,  or  by  any  particular  train,  unless 
a  specific  agreement  has  been  made  for 
each  separate  shipment.  They  insist  on 
the  privilege  of  handling  shipments  of 
freight  as  is  convenient  to  themselves, 
and  refuse  any  redress,  although  the 
shipment  was  a  total  loss  to  the  pro¬ 
ducer.  We  are  not  sure  that  a  court  and 
jury  would  not  give  the  shipper  judg¬ 
ment  in  a  case  of  this  kind  on  trial,  but 
a  farmer  can’t  very  well  enter  a  law 
suit  with  a  railroad  company  for  $7.50, 
and  this  is  probably  one  of  the  reasons 
for  so  much  indifference  to  claims  of 
this  kind. 

I  shipped  the  Corry  Hide  and  Fur  Co., 
of  Corry,  Pa.,  two  mink,  seven  half-stripe 
skunk,  one  black  skunk,  three  No.  3  skunk, 
three  No.  4  skunk  and  10  muskrats.  This 
was  about  November  21,  when  the  prices 
for  the  above  amount  of  fur,  according  to 
tneir  own  circular  which  they  sent  me, 
should  have  been  $41.45.  They  returned 
me  $16.80,  saying  they  would  return  the 
fur  if  I  was  not  satisfied  with  the  price. 

I  wrote  them  to  send  the  fur  back  at  my 
expense,  but  thev  did  not  do  it,  nor  can  I 
get  anv  more  out  of  them.  They  wrote 
me  tha't  they  would  pay  mo  an  additional 
2i*  per  cent  on  what  they  had  already  paid 
me  if  I  would  make  another  shipment  of 
fur  to  them,  which  I  of  course  refused  to 
do.  I  have  heard  other  complaints  of  this 
same  firm.  J-  B. 

New  York. 

Some  time  ago  I  shipped  19  skunk  and 
one  house  cat  skin  to  the  Corry  Hide  & 
Fur  Co.,  of  Corry,  Pa.  They  cut  me  so 
out  of  all  reason  in  the  grading  that  I  de¬ 
manded  a  return  of  the  furs  as  per  agree¬ 
ment.  The  return  shipment  arrived  yester¬ 
day,  and  I  think  the  only  part  of  the 
original  shipment  which  came  back  is  one 
cat  skin.  I  sent  them  three  or  four  black 
skunk,  one  the  largest  I  ever  got,  and 
they  returned  one  very  small  black  one; 
of  those  that  I  sent  them  most  were  half 
stripes,  and  nearly  all  of  those  they  re¬ 
turned  were  full  stripe,  and  consequently 
of  much  less  value.  I  consider  the  ship¬ 
ment  returned  about  one-third  the  value 
of  the  one  I  sent.  My  father  and  I 
packed  up  the  shipment  I  sent  and  can  both 
make  affidavits  that  they  substituted  in¬ 
ferior  goods.  I  need  all  I  can  get  for  the 
furs  to  help  pay  my  school  expenses.  Do 
you  think  there  is  any  way  to  get  at 
them?  I  consider  $15  a  reasonable  com¬ 
pensation  for  my  loss.  s.  a.  t. 

New  York. 

The  above  are  only  two  of  many  com¬ 
plaints  received  of  a  similar  nature..  A 
year  ago  we  reported  other  complaints. 
Their  reply  to  these  complaints  to  the 
shippers  are  in  the  form  of  a  general 
letter  or  circular  indicating  that  they 
have  more  complaints  than  they  find 
time  to  answer  in  special  letter.  We 
have  been  unable  to  get  redress  in  any 
case,  and  can  only  submit  the  informa¬ 
tion  for  those  interested. 

On  January  31  last  I  sent  a  carload  of 
sweet  potatoes  to  Rich  &  Everetsen,  com¬ 
mission  merchants,  of  Albany,  N.  Y.  They 
wired  me  that  they  could  not  handle  the 
potatoes,  and  I  directed  them  shipped  to 
J.  M.  Allen,  commission  merchant,  317 
Washington  street,  New  York.  He  claims 
they  were  five  days  on  the  road,  and  that 
they  were  frostbitten,  and  refused  to  ac¬ 
cept  them  or  to  pay  for  them.  If  you  can 
do  anything  with  the  claim  kindly  do  so. 

New  Jersey.  J.  s.  M. 

We  have  followed  this  claim  with  a 
good  deal  of  care.  The  records  show 
that  this  car  was  received  by  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad  on  January  28, 
and  arrived  in  New  York  on  Janu¬ 
ary  29,  so  there  was  no  five  days  inter¬ 


vened,  though  it  arrived  on  Saturday. 
Of  course,  it  was  held  over  Sunday. 
Mr.  Allen  refused  the  shipment  on  Feb¬ 
ruary  3,  and  made  no  complaint  about 
damage  by  frost  or  otherwise  at  that 
time,  and  we  have  not  been  able  to  find 
that  he  even  inspected  the  car.  It  is 
simply  one  of  those  cases  of  indiffer¬ 
ence  and  want  of  responsibility  on  the 
part  of  the  commission  merchants,  and 
while  technically  nobody  is  responsible, 
the  farmer,  of  course,  loses  his  ship¬ 
ment.  The  New  York  State  Agricul¬ 
tural  Society  is  now  trying  to  bring 
about  a  condition  of  affairs  by  which 
these  commission  merchants  will  owe 
some  responsibility  or  some  accounting 
to  shippers,  and  that  time  can’t  come 
any  too  soon.  J.  J  .d 


Rabbit  Manure. 

Arc  the  droppings  of  Belgian  hares  good 
to  manure  strawberry  plants,  or  of  any 
special  use  and  value  for  any  garden 
crops?  w.  P.  V.  L. 

Ilailstead,  Pa. 

Y'es.  It  has  about  the  value  of  sheep 
manure — about  the  most  valuable  of  animal 
manure.  Florists  and  seedsmen  sell  “pul¬ 
verized  sheep  manure”  in  small  lots  at  five 
cents  a  pound. 


Barred  Rocks  More 
Popular  Than  Ever 


One  big 
reason  to  ac¬ 
count  for  the  ever- 
increasing  popular¬ 
ity  of  Pittsfield  Strain 
of  Barred  Rocks  is  that 
they  are  Money  Makers. 
They  are  all-the-year-round 
layers,  and  they  reach  the 
broiler  stage  ahead  of  most 
other  breeds.  If  it  is  Barred 
Rock, ask  ifitisPittsfieldStrain. 

Day-old  Chicks  and  Eggs  lor  Hatching 

Now  is  the  time  to  place  your  orders 
for  day-old  chicks  and  eggs  for 
hatching.  We  have  doubled  our 
capacity  for  chicks.  Ship  any  dis¬ 
tance  and  guarantee  safe  delivery. 

Kggs  laid  the  same  day  as  shipped 
arc  sent  on  large  or  small  orders. 

Get  “Money  Making  Poultry” 

This  new  free  hook  tells  yon  how 
we  feed  on  our  farm,  and  gives 
you  the  help  you  need  to  become 
an  expert  money-making  poul- 
tryman .  Send  for  it  to-day 

Pittsfield 
Poultry  Farm  Co. 

416  Main  Street, 

Pittsfield, 

Maine 


POULTRY 

TRUTHS 


After  all,  it’s  the 
TRUTH— the  plain 
unvarnished  prac¬ 
tical  fads  about 
poultry-raising,  that 
you  want,  not  theories 
advanced  by  writers 
who  too  often  have  "an  axe 
to  grind.” 

Mr.  S.  B.  Twining,  a  lead¬ 
ing  authority  on  practical 
poultry-raising  for  profit,  has 
written  a  valuable  book  that 
gives  readers  the  benefit  of  his 
life-long  experience — a  plain, 
honest  statement  of  facts. 

Every  phase  of  the  poultry  business  is 
covered  including  Capon  Culture. 

POULTRY  TRUTHS  is  being  sold 
on  its  merits— no  connection  with  any 
^  publication  or  advertising  scheme. 

You’ll  find  it  profitable  to  read 
this  book.  No  other  book  contains 
so  much  practical, reliable  advice. 

$i  nn  per  copy 

I  >WV  POSTPAID 

Send  for  Your  Copy  Today. 

AFTON  FARMS,  Box  D-l, 

Yardley,  Pa. 


Bonnie  Brae  White  Leg- 


Try  The 

Bull  Dog  Feed  Grinder 

tO  Day’s  Free 

You  can  grind  5000  bu.  of  cob  and  corn  to 
table  meal  with  one  set  of  Rollers  and  Con¬ 
caves.  Damp  grain  can’t  clogit — nails 
! won’t  break  it.  Has  only  2  inch  working 
leverage  which  accounts  for  light  running. 
Get  our  FREE  Catalogue  and  Samples. 

CROWN  POINT  MFG.  CO., 

£20t  E.  Road.  Crown  Point.  Ind. 


Make  Your  Own  Fertilizer 

at  Small  Cost  with 

WILSON’S  PHOSPHATE  MILLS 

From  1  to  40  H.  P.  Also  Bone 
Cutters,  hand  and  power 
for  the  poultrymen;  grit 
and  shell  mills,  farm  feed 
mills,  family  grist  mills, 
scrap  cake  mills.  Send  for 
our  catalog. 

Wlison  Bros.,  Sole  Mfrs.,  Easton,  Pa. 


cook  YOUR  FEED  and  SAVE 
Half  the  Cost— with  the 

PROFIT  FARM  BOILER 


With  Dumping  Caldron.  Empties 
its  kettlein  one  minute.  The  simplest 
and  best  arrangement  for  cooking 
food  forstock.  Also  make  Dairy  and 
Laundry  Stoves,  Water  and 
Steam  Jacket  Kettles,  Hog 
Scalders,  Caldrons,etc.£^“Sena 
for  particulars  and  ask  for  cinulan  J 
D.  ft.  SPERRY  &  00.,  Ba<  .via.  Ill, 


ENCOURAGE  THEJBOYS 

^^oys  want  encouragement— 

_  if  they  don’t  get  it  at  home  they  , 
pPgo  elsewhere.  Teach  them  to  earn  their  , 
town  spending  money .  Growing  vegetables 
la  instructive,  Interesting,  profitable  when 

fIRONAQE^Tl\ 

3T6  used.  Our  No.  C  Combined  Hill  and  Drill 
Seeder  with  Marker  and  Double  and  Single 
Wheel  Iloe  is  a  wonderful  tool — can  be  used 
in  various  unusual  combinations.  Saves  time, 
labor  and  seed.  Brice,  $12.  Other 
garden  tools,  $2.50  up.  Easy  to. 
operate.  Recommended  by  I 
gardeners  every  where.  Write  ' 
to  day  for  75th  Anniver¬ 
sary  Catalog— Free. 

BATEMAN  S’F’G  CO. 

Box  102-B 
Grenloch,  N.  3. 


f’/YTM/pppi  C— A.  few  very  fine  breeding 
kirds — w.  and  Barred  Rocks, 
W.  Wyandottes,  R.  and  S.  C.  R.  I.  Reds— at  $3,  $4 
and  $5  each.  Maple  Cove  Poultry  Yards,  Athens,  Pa. 


ARE  BETTER 

horns  and  Pekin  Ducks-|f£s§ 

ready;  also  some  choice  matings  of  Barred  and 
White  Plymouth  Rocks,  Rose  Comb  White  Leg¬ 
horns,  White  Wyandottes,  Single  and  Rose  Comb 
Rhode  Island  Reds,  Light  Brahmas,  Mammoth 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Pearl  Guinea  Fowl.  Orders 
for  early  settings  and  baby  chicks  now  booked. 
Get  some  prize  matings  at  right  prices.  BONNIE 
BRAE  POULTRY  FARM,  NEW  ROCHELLE,  N.  Y.  Largest 
successful  plant  in  New  York  vicinity.  10,000-egg 
capacity.  Agents  for  Gyphers  Incubator  Company. 
Correspondence  invited. 

RICHLAND  FARMS. 

Breeders  and  Exhibitors  of 
S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS, 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  HOCKS, 

S.  C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS. 
Our  Prices  Hatching  Eons— S.  C.  White  Leohorns— One 
setting,  15  eggs,  $2;  two  settings,  30  eggs,  $3.50; 
three  settings,  45  eggs,  $4.75;  one  hundred  eggs,  $8; 
one  thousand  eggs,  $70.  White  Plymouth  Rocks  and  S.  C. 
Black  Orpingtons— One  setting,  15  eggs,  $2.50  and  $5; 
one  hundred  eggs,  $14  and  $28.  Fertility  Guaranteed. 

Our  Prices  Baby  Chicks— S.  C.  White  Leohorns— Fifty  or 
less,  each,  20  cents;  one  hundred,  $15;  one  thousand, 
$125.  White  Plymouth  Rocks  and  S.  C.  Black  Orpingtons— 
Fifty  or  less,  each,  30  cents;  one  hundied,  $25,  We 
guarantee  safe  arrival  of  CHICKS  in  first-class 
condition. 

RICHLAND  FARMS,  Frederick,  Md. 

The  Big  White  Egg  Makers 

Rose  Comb  Black  Minorcas,  Indian  Runner  Ducks. 

The  Big  White  Birds 

Crystal  White  Orpingtons— Utilities.  Beauties. 
Year  round  layers.  Eggs  for  hatching.  Circular 
free.  F.  N,  ADAMS,  Route  1,  Orwell,  Ohio. 

MT.  PLEASANT  FARM 

A  breeding  establishment  of  250  acres, 
devoied  to  developing  the  best 

S.  O.  IjEGHOUKTS 

Fine  Breeding  Cockerels  at  reasonable  prices. 

MT.  PLEASANT  FARM,  Box  Y,  HAVRE  BE  GRACE,  Maryland. 

EMPIRE  STATE  S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Winners  at  N.  Y.  State  Fair.  Heavy  layers;  trios, 
$5.  Eggs  for  hatching,  $1  for  15,  $3  for  100.  Cata¬ 
logue  free.  C.  H.  ZIMMER,  Weedspokt,  N.  Y. 

SMAVi  S.  C.  W.  LEGHORN 

Breeding  Hens  at  low  price  to  make  room.  Also 
promising  Cockerels  cheap  in  quantities.  Also  K  I. 
Beds.  Eggs  for  hatching.  St.  Moritz  Farm,  Ramsey,  N.J. 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS-Hatching  eggs  from 
vigorous  birds  a  specialty.  Quality  kind  at 
right  prices.  Famous  Lakewood  strain. 

SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington,  N.  J. 

Kirkup’s  Utility  Strain  S.C.  White  Leghorns 

Bred  for  vigor,  size  and  large  white  market  eggs. 
Eggs  and  Baby  Chicks  for  sale.  Custom  hatching  a 
specialty.  Semi  forcircular.  Kirkup  Bros.,  Mattituck, L.l. 

1)0  EGGS  $1.00 — Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
/U  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Large  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 

Greider’s  Fine  Catalogue 

of  pure  bred  poultry,  for  1911,  over  200 
pages,  57  colored  pictures  of  fowls,  calen¬ 
dar  for  each  month,  illustrations,  descrip¬ 
tions,  photos,  incubators,  brooders,  and 
all  details  concerning  the  business,  where 
and  how  to  buy  fine  poultry,  eggs  for 
hatching,  supplies,  etc.,  at  lowest  cost. 

Send  15c.  B.  H.  Greider,  Box  58 .  Rheems.  Pa. 

LAKEHILL  FARM 

W.  H.  THACHER. 

Single  and  Hose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W-  P.  Rocks 
and  Imp.  Pekin  Ducks.  Cockerels  and  Ducks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  in  any  quantity  from  $2  up. 
Chicks,  $15  per  100.  Ducklings,  $25  per  100.  Write 
for  special  prices  in  large  lots.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  of  hatching  eggs  and  day  old  chicks 
and  ducklings.  Safe  delivery  guaranteed.  Satis¬ 
faction.  CARL  W.  LLOYD.  Mgr.,  HILLSIDE, 
Westchester  County.  N.  Y. 


To  Move  Quickly  cost— W.  and  B.  Leg 


t — A  choice  lot  at  low 
cost— W.  and  B.  Leg¬ 
horns,  S.  L.  and  W.  Wyandottes,  R.  and  S.  C. 
Reds,  W.  and  Barred  Rocks.  Write  for  just  what 
you  want  in  your  first  letter  and  we  will  be  sure  to 
please  you.  MAPLE  COVE  POULTRY  YARDS.  Athens.  Pa, 


Poultry  the  Best  Paying 

_ -  _  ■  ■  i  ■  - 

Branch  of  Farming 


The  1911  catalog  by  Robert  H.  Essex, 
poultry  and  iucubator  expert, 
will  start  you  right.  Improved  incu¬ 
bators  and  brooders.  Read  “  Why 
Some  Succeed  Where  others  Pail.' 

ROBERT  ESSEX  INCUBATOR  CO. 

84  Hekry  St.,  Buffalo.  N.  Y. 


FOODS 


are  demanded  and  used  by  successful 
poultrymen  everywhere  because  our 
goods  are  reliable.  Every  ounce  of  grain  is 
clean  and  nourishing.  Lowest  prices.  Pull 
weight.  Prompt  shipments.  Satisfaction 
guaranteed.  Send  today  for  Booklet  and 
FREE  Souvenir.  Don’t  delay. 

TAYLOR  BROS.,  10  Market  Street,  CAMDEN,  N.  J. 


GRIT 


M  AKA-SHEL  SOLUBLE 

Bright,  sharp,  shining. 

Makes  bone  and 
Increases  Ftrg- 
Production  when  | 

Eggs  are  high. 

Ask  your  dealer,  or  send  us  Sl-00  for  two 
100-lb.  bags  f.  o.  b.  cars.  Booklet  free 

EDCE  HILL  SILICA  ROCK  CO., 

Box  J.  New  Brunswick,  N:  J. 

MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  Is  best.  Coarse  or  fine  granulated,  al«o 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1841 

R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 

Kean’s  White  Wyandottes. 

Bred  for  large  size,  heavy  laying,  vigtrr  and  fancy 
purposes.  Eggs.  $10  per  100.  $5  per  45,  $2  per  15. 
A  few  choice  Pullets  yet  to  sell. 

E.  FRANKLIN  KEAN,  STANLEY,  N.  Y. 

FARM  BRED  POULTRY-FREE  RANGE 

Partridge  Cochins,  White  Hocks,  Barred 
Hocks,  Partridge  Wyandottes.  Prize  win¬ 
ning  strains.  Stock  and  eggs. 

MINCH  BROS.,  lt-2,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

WHITE  WYAND0HES  and  Indian  "Genuine  Fawn”  Runner 
Ducks.  Grand  Win  and  Lay  Strains.  Stock  and 
Eggs  at  honest  prices.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Write  0WNLAND  FARM.  Box  497,  South  Hammond,  N.  Y. 


W 

GRAND  VIEW 


RIGHT’S  WHITE  WYANDOnE  WINNERS-Eggs,  $4.50 

for  100.  Baby  Ctix,  $12.50  for  100;  $7.00  for  50. 
- FARM,  Stanfordville,  N.  Y. 


SNOW  WHITE  WYANDOnE  EGGS  for  hatching,  $1  per  15, 

$5  per  100.  A  few  good  Cockerels.  Circular  free. 
GOLDENROD  FARM,  Dept.  R,  Stewartstown,  Pa. 

COLUMBIAN  WYANDOTTES— Beauty  &  utility  combined. 
Splendid,  vigorous  Cockerels  and  Pens  mated.  Ad¬ 
dress  Ralph  Woodward,  Box  28,  Grafton,  Mass- 

Buff,  Wh.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  S.  C.  R.I.Red. 
Eggs.  90c.  per  15,  $1 .50  per  30,  $2.75  per  60,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  Pa. 

American  Poultry  Plant,  Collins,  Ohio— Kellei  Btr«»f 
Crystal  W.  Orpingtons,  WyckofT  S.C.  W.  Leghorns.  Mammoth 
White  Holland  Turkeys,  White  African  Guineas,  Indian  Kunner 
Ducks.  Stock  lit  eggs  for  hatching.  600  choice  male  birds  for  sale 

PHIII  TRYMPN-Send  10  cents  for  our  fine  60- 
lU  U  L  I  [I  I  III  Lll  page  Illustrated  Catalogue. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Marietta, Pa. 

POULTRY  —35  Best  Breeds.  Bred  for  Laying. 


Free.  JOHN  E 


Large  circular  illustrated  in  colors 
~.  HEAT1 - 


TWOLE,  Harrisonburg,  Va. 


EGGS — $1  p«*r  IS,  $2  per  40  of  Thor.  Brahman.  Rocks,  Wyan- 
dottes,  Reds,  Minorcas,  Houdans,  Leghorns,  Ham  burgs;  19  var., 
28  years’  experience.  Catalogue.  S.  K.  Mohr,  Coopersburg,  Pa. 

GIANT  BRONZE  SFKfSg’vK’fii 

Eggs,  $1.00  per  15;  Indian  Runner  Duck  Eggs.  $1.00 
per  10.  SHROPSHIRE  SHEEP. 

H.  J.  VAN  DYKE,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

FOR  SALE— Four  White  Holland  Toms.  Also  Eggs 
in  Spring.  Mrs.  E.  J.  RIDER,  Rodman,  N.  Y. 


yyiLD 


AND  BRONZE  TURKEY  EGGS-Chicken  Eggs.  Hand- 
=  some  Catalog  2  ct. 


Pure  White  PLYMOUTH  ROCK  EGGS 

For  hatching,  bred  directly  from  the  Graves  strain; 
acknowledged  everywhere  as  the  leading  strain  of 
this  popular  variety.  No  pains  or  expense  has 
been  spared  in  obtaining  and  mating  up  some 
grand  birds, 

Exhibition  Mating — $4.00  per  15 

Utility  Mating .  55.00  per  15 

A  few  choice  Cockerels  for  sale  cheap. 
MBS.  C.  S.  GREENE, 

New  Brighton.  Staten  Island,  New  York 

Farmers  and  Poultrymen. 

You  must  not  blame  us  if  occasionally  our  en¬ 
thusiasm  bubbles  over  when  speaking  of  our  cus¬ 
tom  hatching  department  as  carried  on  by  our 
exports  in  our  mammoth  hot  water  incubator. 
Results  are  showing  people  all  over  the  country 
that  we  know  our  business  by  saving  them  time, 
worry  and  money,  and  giving  them  stronger  chicks 
than  the  old  hen  or  kerosene  oil  fume  incubators 
ever  did.  You  send  us  the  eggs— we’ll  do  the  rest- 
do  it  right  and  send  you  the  chicks.  Write  for  in¬ 
formation  and  prices,  anyway. 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM,  Millerton,  N.Y. 


stamp,  showing  pure  wild  gobbler  from  the  moun¬ 
tain.  VALLEY  VIEW  POULTRY  FARM,  Belleville.  Pa. 


THE  FARMER’S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THUS.  WILDER,  Route  I,  Richland.  N.  Y. 


TESTED  EGGS  FOR  HATCHING 

White  Wyandottes,  Dustin  strain,  50,  $5.00;  100,  $8.00 
FRANK  HYDE,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 


Van  Alstyne’s  Rhode  Island  Reds 

10  Utility  Cockerels  at  $3.00  each:  100  S.  C.  Year¬ 
ling  Hens  at  $2.00  each;  50  S.  C.  surplus  Pullets  at 
$2.50  each.  Eggs  for  hatching  in  any  number. 

JAS.  E.  VAN  ALSTYNE,  Kinderhook,  N.Y. 


S.  G.  White  Leghorn  BABY  GHIGKS 

$10  per  100  in  any  quantity.  Breeders  are  vigorous 
sai  lings  and  2-year-olds.  Circular.  VANCREST 
IY  FARM,  Salt  Point,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y. 


Davis  S.  G.  Reds  ST  COCKERELS 

$3  and  $5  each.  EGGS  FOR  HATCHING. 
BABY  CHICKS— $15  and  $20  per  100  after  March  1. 

B0GK  ORDERS  NOW.  Davis  Poultry  Farm,  Berlin,  Mass. 


Indian  Runner  Ducks_£,w4i“™™: 

Eggs,  $1.50  per  13;  $8.00  per  100.  F.  J.  FULLER, 
Waterport,  Orleans  County,  New  York. 

INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS-Black  Langshan  Eggs  for 
I  sale.  J.  GORDON  DRAKE,  Port  Huron,  Mich. 

pp  HO— PEARL  GUINEAS,  Indian  Runner 
rill] A  Ducks,  Barred  Plymouth  Rocks  and 
uv'wv  Mammoth  Bronze  Turkeys.  Write  for 
Free  Price  List.  C.  ADELL  KAYNER,  West  Falls,  N.  Y. 

Eggs  For  Hatching  !;-,..^, 

Indian  Runner  Ducks,  High-class  stock- 
utility,  show  or  export  SINCLAIR  SMITH,  602 
Fifth  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

THOROUGH-BRED  POULTRY— Best  twenty  varieties 
Good  stock.  Eggs,  15,  $1;  40,  $2.  Catalogue. 
H.  K.  MOHR,  Quakertown,  Pa.,  Route  3. 

Jnefin’o  S.  C.  R.  I.  REDS— 200-egg  strain.  Eggs, 
nuollll  o  $1.50  per  sotting.  Prices  on  quantities. 
AUSTIN  POULTRY  FARM,  Centre  Harbor.  N.  H. 

TUC  PCI  CRRATCn  HUNGARIAN  AND  ENGLISH 
IHt  UtLtDltAItU  PARTRIDGES  AND  PHEASANTS 

Wild  tnrkeys,  quails,  rabbits,  deer,  etc.,  for  stock¬ 
ing  purposes.  Fancy  pheasants,  peafowl,  cranes, 
swans,  storks,  ornamental  geese  and  ducks,  foxes, 
sauirrels,  ferrets,  and  all  kinds  of  birds  and  ani¬ 
mals.  WENZ  &  MACKENSEN,  Dept.  10,  Pheas- 
antry  and  Game  Park,  Yardley,  Pa. 


1811. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


290 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  March  4,  1011. 

FARM  TOFICS. 

The  Potato  Seed  Question . 257,  258 

A  New  Jersey  Irrigation  Farm. ..  .260,  261 

A  Crop  of  Onion  Seed .  263 

A  Crop  of  Sweet  Corn .  266 

Potatoes  Grown  Under  Straw .  267 

A  True  “Back  to  the  Lander” .  269 

Bisulphide  of  Carbon  for  Grain .  269 

Hope  Farm  Notes .  278 

Some  Successful  Crops .  290 

Rabbit  Manure  .  298 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

Still  Another  Horse  Company .  286 

Fits  in  Pigs .  286 

A  Balanced  Ration  .  291 

Milk  Ration  .  291 

Milk  Ration;  Weaning  Calf .  291 

Brewers’  Grain  and  Cob  Meal .  291 

Milk .  293 

Milk  in  Massachusetts  . .'.!!!  293 

Cheese-box  Brooders  .  294 

The  Poultryman’s  Friend .  294 

The  Village  Flock .  294 

Catching  Pigeons  .  294 

Hog  Pasture  in  New  Jersey .  296 

Curing  a  Kicking  Cow .  297 

The  Retailer’s  Profit  on  Sheep .  297' 

Heaves .  301 

Lameness .  301 

Staggers . .  '  301 

Indigestion .  30 1 

Moon  Blindness  .  301 

Periodic  Ophthalmia  . .  301 

Sheep  Farming  by  Proxy .  302 

Warts  on  Heifer  . . .  302 

Grinding  Feed  .  303 

The  Frosted  Bit .  303 

Advantages  of  Trap-nesting  Hens . 304 

HORTICULTURE. 

The  “Injection  Treatment"  for  Trees..  258 

Grafting  Vines  . 258,  259 

Black  Knot  of  Plums  and  Cherries ....  259 

The  Chestnut  Tree  Blight .  259 

Fruitmore  Orchards  .  260 

Traction  Sprayer  .  261 

Concentrated  Lime-Sulphur  .  261 

Tales  of  Peach  Tree  Agents .  262 

Another  Red  Gravenstein  Apple .  263 

Spring  Cultivation  for  Strawberries...  263 

Brush  Burner  .  264 

Spraying  Notes  . ’  264 

A  New  Berry  Grading  System .  265 

Danger  in  Using  Arsenic . .  266 

Pumpkin-Squash  Hybrid  .  267 

Cheap  Plan  for  Starting  Trees .  268 

Shall  We  Mix  Varieties..: .  268 

Transplanting  Yearling  Strawberries..  268 

Some  Big  Carrots  .  269 

The  17-year  Locusts .  269 

Spraying  in  Iowa . 

Sticks  to  Bordeaux  . 

A  Boy  Fruit  Grower . 

Orchard  Spraying  by  Contract.  .  .  . 

An  Air  Pressure  Spraying  Outfit. . 

New  Lime-Sulphur  Strainer . 

Plain  Facts  About  Spraying . . 

The  Casaba  Melon  .  279 

Ninety  Cents  of  the  Dollar .  292 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day .  282 

Clam  Fritters  .'. .  282 

Walnut  Creams  .  282 

Fifty  Cents  for  Flower  Seeds .  283 

Savory  Dishes  without  Meat .  283 

Perennials  for  the  Home  Garden.  .284,  285 

Selling  Homemade  Candies .  285 

The  Rural  Patterns  .  285 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Making  Apple  Sauce  .  292 

House  Drainage  .  297 

Publisher’s  Desk  .  298 

Humorous  .  304 


KarBraK 

Calendar 

1911 - 1912 


272 

272 

273 

274 

276 

277 


Water-slaked  Lime. 

I  make  lime  water  in  my  place  of  busi¬ 
ness  by  slacking  lime  with  water,  and  have 
quite  a  lot  of  this  lime  slacked  with  water 
on  hand.  Is  this  good  for  a  fertilizer? 

o.  J.  w. 

It  will  act  like  other  forms  of  slaked 
lime.  Remember  that  lime  will  not  take 
the  place  of  potash,  phosphoric  acid  or 
nitrogen. 


The  KarBraK 
Calendar 

The  BIGGEST  Calendar 
Ever  Made. 

5  or  filches  LONG 

Four  7x9  Photo  Reproduc¬ 
tions  of  thoroughbred  live 
stock  from  originals  by  one 
of  the  most  famous  artists 
— of  world  wide  fame.  You 
can  have  one  of  these  calen¬ 
dars  absolutely  free,  and 
you  place  yourself  under  no 
obligations  by  replying  to 
this  advertisement.  All  that 
is  necessary  is  for  you  to  fill 
out  and  mail  the  coupon 
below  today. 

We  send  this  beautiful  and 
artistic  Calendar,  (60  inches 
long  and  8  inches  wide).  Ab¬ 
solutely  Free  and  postage 
fully  prepaid  in  order  that 
your  attention  may  be  called 
to  our  famous 

KarBraK 

Disinfectant— Insecticide 
Germicide— Scaiicide 
and  Deodorant 

KarBraK  Disinfectant  is 
an  absolutely  uniform  pro¬ 
duct  embodying  the  germ 
killing  elements  of  Creselic 
Acid  and  Sulphur  in  perfect 
solution.  It  can  be  used 
with  absolute  assurance  of 
invariably  producing  the 
desired  results.  A  quart  of 
KarBraK  Disinfectant  dilut¬ 
ed  100  to  1  (100  parts  of  water 
to  one  part  of  KarBraK)  will 
make  25  gallons  ready  for 
use  as  a  general  utility  dis- 
infectant.deodorizer,  insecti¬ 
cide  and  germicide.  This 
makes  a  strong,  efficacious, 
disinfecting  solution  for  san¬ 
itary  purification  of  Dwell¬ 
ings  and  Tenement  Houses, 
Water  Closets, Urinals, Sinks. 
Drains,  Cess  Pools,  Stables, 
Cattle  Sheds,  Public  Schools, 
Railway  Stations,  Hospitals, 
Workshops,  Hotels,  etc. 

Destroys  the  Active 
germs  of  Hog  Cholera, 
Mange,  Infections,  Pneu¬ 
monia,  etc.  Kills  all  forms 
of  parasitic  life—  ( 

Kills  Lice,  Beetles,  Moths, 
Fungi,  Caterpillars,  Codd¬ 
ling  Moths,  Spiders,  San  Jose 
Scale,  Cucumber  and  Squash 
Bugs,  Fleas,  Moths,  Ticks, 
Scab,  Lice,  Foot  Rot,  Mange, 
Scratches,  Scabbies,  Spanish 
or  Ranch  Itch,  Eczema,  Wire 
Cuts,  Calks  and  other  affec¬ 
tions.  _  Destroys  Diptheria, 
Typhoid,  Pneumonia,  and  ali 
other  germs.  Keeps  the  air 
pure  and  sweet. 

Would  you  like  to  know 
more  about. 

KarBraK 

DEALERS:  Our  line  is  sold 
through  Local  Dealers.  Send 
for  the  best  Sales  Plait  ever 
conceived. 


f&rBraK  KiniJlniK 


ipl  I  r'm&i 

.; 


Accept  noSubstilutes 

Insist  upon  the  orijjnal 

KimtJiniK 


H.F.  Bush,  Gen.Mgr.KarBraK  Chemical  Co.  Dept. 609  Wellsboro.Pa. 

Send  me  absolutely  free  and  postage  fully  pre¬ 
paid  your  5  foot  KarBraK  Calendar. 

Name . 

p.  o . . 

R.  F.D . 

County . state . 

Have  you  ever  used  KineTeniK  ?  . 


I  own. ..Horses. ..Cows. ..Hogs  and  acre  farm 


CARFF’S  Choice 

Fruit  Plants 


SI 

a  1000  acres  devoted  to  the  growing  ol 

W  Scarff ’s  fruiting  strains  of  small  fruit  plants, 
fruit  trees,  farm  seeds,  garden  roots,  etc. 
Our  free  catalog  will  surely  please  and 
save  you  money. 

W.  N.  SCARFF.  NEW  CARLISLE,  OHIO 


LICONIER, 

INDIANA 


N.  WERTHEIMER  &  SOH 

Choice  seeds  bought  direct  from  the  farmer  and  sold 
direct  to  the  farmer.  We  offer  you  the  choicest 
seeds,  doubly  recleaned,  Medium  and  Mammoth 
Clover  Seed,  Alsike,  Alfalfa,  Timothy,  Crimson 
Clover,  White  Clover,  Rod  Top,  Orchard  Grass, 
Bine  Grass,  Lawn  Grass,  all  kinds  of  Corn,  Spring 
and  Winter  Wheat,  Buckwheat,  all  kinds  of  Peas. 
Samples  and  prices  sent  on  application.  *  *  # 

M.  WERTHEIMER  &  SON  LIG0NIER,  INDIANA 


fC  PACKETS  Garden  Seeds,  *  — x,_ 

NORRIS  W.  ADAMS,  Worcester,  Mass.  CCIllS 


CCCn  RATQ  Swedish  Select,  Extra  fine, 

l*  UHlw  recleaned  and  at  Farmer's 

Prlce-  Write  for  sample.  C.  L.  HIBBS,  Freeport,  Ohio 


rP WO  Million  Berry  Plants  at  Attractive  Prices. 
1  Full  line  of  Fruit  Trees.  Miller  Red  Rasp- 
h®ri*y  pi  ant  s  $5. 0  0  per  thousand.  Send  for  price  list. 

ELMER  A.  PRIESTLEY,  Winslow,  New  Jersey,  R.  F.  0.  No  .1 

PruitGrowingandBee  Keeping 

Learn  what  an  ideal  combination  it  makes.  “  Gleanings 
in  Bee  Culture”  tells  all  about  it.  6  months  trial  subscrip¬ 
tion  25c.  64  page  book  on  Bees  and  supply  catalog  free. 

THE  A.  I.  ROOT  CO.,  Box  250B  ,  Medina,  Ohio 

Cord  Wood  Circular  SawsiL‘3S 

Saw  Tables,  114.50;  6  H.  P.  Gasoline  Engines,  $125 
tumping  Engines.  Wood  Sawing  outfits  on  wheels. 
Catalogue  “R”  free.  PALMER  BROS.,  Cos  Cob,  Gonn. 


Running  Water  on  the  Farm 

•rump  without  expense  with  an  automatio 

RIFE  RAM 

Cheapest  and  most  efficient 
water  supply  for  c  on  try 
place,  irrigation,  farms,  etc. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Booklet,  plans,  estimates  free. 

Rife  Engine  Co.  2429  Trinity  Bldg.,  N.Y. 


THE  NEW  YORK  STATE 

SCHOOL  OF  AGRICULTURE 

at  ALFRED  UNIVERSITY 

offers  for  sale  the  following  at  farmers’  prices : 
1  Recorded  Guernsey  Bull,  born  July  10, 1910. 
1  Guernsey  Bull,  born  January  30,  1911. 

1  Jersey  Bull,  one  and  a  half  year  old,  grand 
dam  Jacoba  Irene.  6 

4  Bull  calves  from  two  to  six  months  old, 
two  of  which  have  R.  M.  dams. 

Also  several  Holstein  Bull  Calves,  from  two  to  four 
weeks  old,  sired  by  King*  Hengerveld,  No.  60,776. 

New  York  State  School  of  Agriculture  at  Alfred  University 

A  L  F  R  EN.  D,  Y. 

FAR  .9  A I  F— Percheron  Stallion  four  years  old, 

lull  O/lLL  Black  Brood  Mare,  Black  Driving 
Horse.  JOHN  .SWAN,  Seymour,  Conn. 

U/HITE  HOLLAND  TURKEYS  from  prize 

WhiteHolland  Turkeys 

and  Duston’s  White  Wyandotte  Chickens.  Walnut 
llill  Stock  I  arm,  N.  Bacon,  Mgr.,  Taleott,  W.  Va. 


U/HITE  EGG  STRAIN  INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS— Thor- 
v,  oughbred,  vigorous  birds.  Wonderful  layers 
or  large  white  eggs;  mated  with  imported  drakes, 
well  marked,  fawn  and  white;  $2.00  for  12;  Buff 
Orpingtons,  $1.50  for  15.  Liberal  discount  for  incu- 
bator  eggs.  Ohkrry  Hill  Farms,  Pittstown,  N.  J. 


EGGS 


from  high  record  W.  P.  Rock 
Hens,  $2  for  15,  $5  for  45. 

A.  S.  BRIAN,  Mt.  Kisco,  N.  Y. 


SP  \A/  LEGHORN  EGGS  for  hatching.  Good  laying 
'.«■  strain  $1  per  15,  $5  per  100.  Also  Baby 
uhicks.  GEO.  LUNDGREEN,  Wy  ’  "  1  3 


yoming,  Del. 


DAY-OLD  CHICKS — S.  C.  W.  Leghorns,  $12 
per  100;  S.  C.  R.  I.  Reds,  $15  per  100.  Hatching 
eggs,  exhibition  and  utility.  THE  WINONA 
FARMS,  Drawer  272,  Lansdale,  Pa. 


MINISINK  POULTRY  FARM  CO. 

Single  Comb  Leghorn  Hatching  Eggs — 95#  fertility 
guaranteed  or  money  refunded— $10  per  hundred 
?•  o.  b.  NORTH  WATER  GAP,  PA. 


S.  C.  RHODE  ISLAND  BEDS 


_  .  -  -  for  Hatcli- 

At  the  Horseshoe  Road  Poultry  Farm  Write  for 

l  *  prices.  Address 
Box  152,  R.  5,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

FOFTCPRFT  C~ Brize  -  Winning  Breeding 
Stock-Black  Orpingtons 

and  Minorcas.  QUOQUETAUG  FARMS,  Old  Mystic,  Conn. 


.Dairymen  Don't  Doubt 

that  feeding  silage  to  cows  increases  the  flow  of  milk  and  decreases  cost  of  mainte 
nance.  It  has  been  proven  time  and  again.  Nor  do  those  who  have  tried  it  doubt  that 
the  world’s  greatest,  most  convenient  and  profitable  machine  to  use  is  the 

PAPEC  MATIC  Ensilage  Cutter 

Competitive  tests  have  demonstrated  that  the  PAPEC  will  cut  and  elevate 
better  silage  in  less  time  and  with  less  power  than  any  other  blower 
ensilage  cutter.  It  “throws  and  blows”  over  50  feet  without  clogging. 

Erasy  to  operate ;  ted  from  ground;  never  clogs  or  gets  out  of  order.  Cast- 
iron  frame — no  wood  to  twist  and  warp.  GUARANTEED. 

Our  new  book,  “How  to  Prepare  Ensilage,”  will  interest  every  dairy¬ 
man  and  farmer.  Writeforit — FREE.  Agentswantedinunoccupiedterritory. 

PAPEC  MACHINE  CO.,  Box  10,  Shortsville,  N.  Y. 

25  Distributing  Points  in  tne  U.  S. 


"IT  T  H  ROWS 
<JV  AND  BLOWS’ 


The“Lou  Dillon”  Tandem 
Garden  Cultivator. 

It  can  be  set  to  stir  the  soil  any  depth 
desired  and  to  cultivate  astride  the  row 
or  between  the  rows. 

One-third  quicker  and  easier  than 
any  other  garden  cultivator,  eas- 
mr  to  push  than  a  lawn  mower. 

No  gardener  can  afford  to  be 
without  one. 

Write  for  descriptive  catalogue 
and  testimonials.  If  your 
local  dealer  does  not  han¬ 
dle  them,  write  to  tis  for 
special  intro¬ 
ductory  price. 

Dept.  L, 

THE  SCHAIBLE 
MFG.  CO. 
ELYRIA,  OHIO 


SILOS 


“FRIEND”  NOZZLE 

ANGLE  OR  REGULAR 

FREE 

tpO  those  who  read  our  2-18-11  ad  and  are  in 
the  market  for  a  Gasoline  Power  Sprayer 
—who  send  4  cents  in  stamps,  with  name 
written  on  Nozzle  blank  in  corner. 

“FRIEND”  MFG.  CO.  S^oVk* 


have  a  10  year  reputation  for  strength  and  efficiency, 
t  osutively  the  only  Silos  made  that  have  an  Opening 
Roof— Only  Continuous  Open  Front.  Our  30  ft.  Silo 
equals  other  36  ft.  Silos  capacity.  Over  5,000  in  use. 
Opening  roof  works  automatically— permits  Silos  be- 
ing  fully  packed.  Also  splendid  line  in  Water  Tanks, 
Gasoline  Engines,  Pumps,  etc.  Get  free  catalogue. 

E.  F.  SCHLICHTER  CO.,  129  Fuller  Bldg.,  Phila.,  Pa. 


Estate  or  Farm  Manager 


OPEN  FOR 
ENGAGEMENT 

Thoroughly  experienced  and  competent  in  all 
details  connected  with  the  construction,  devel¬ 
opment  and  general  management  of  first-class 
business  farm  or  Gentleman’s  estate ;  American, 
38.  Record  and  references  that  will  bear  care¬ 
ful  investigation.  Last. position  includes  four 
years  in  the  development,  equipment  and  com¬ 
pletion  of  one  of  the  finest  estates  in  Western 
New  York.  Box  4,  Charlotte.  N.  Y. 


AGENTS  Here  It  Is 


Ed  Hopper  calls  It.  Sold  97  In  few  days 

He’s  pleased.  Eetails  at  1  f\f\07  nTtrxriTm 
ridiculously  low  price.  1  \j\j  SO  PROFIT 
If  you  want  a  quick  seller,  one  that  gets  the  money  easy, 
,.,no,  .  or  confidential  terms  and  FREE  BOOKLET, 
Inside  Information  on  the  agency  business.”  A  few  hours 
“  „y.  ™iny  a  dollar  in  your  pocket.  8end  a  postal. 

A.  MATHEWS  6865  Wayne  Street,  DAYTON,  OHIO 


F»raT«S  POULTRY  SUPPLIES 


Everything  for  the  poultryman  at  low  prices;  Auto¬ 
matic  Feeders,  Hall  Mammoth  and  Model  Incuba¬ 
tors.  L’eed,  Remedies,  Heti-e-ta, Rat  Corn, Liverine, 
LegBands, etc.  Prompt  shipments.  Write  forcatalog. 

HARRIES  &  BENEDICT  CO.  67BNAeacyLoVkST’ 

Poultryman  Wanted. 

Unmarried.  Experienced  in  raising  and  dressing 
poultry  ot  ail  kinds,  including  pigeons  and  rabbits. 
Must  do  entire  work  liimselt.  Very  quiet  place 
about  three  hundred  miles  from  New  York.  Wages 
$40  per  month.  Address,  giving  references  for 
past  hve  years,  “PIGEONS.”  care  F.  P.  Clarke, 
Ho  East  29th  Street,  New  York. 

WANTFfH>ition  t,lis  sPrine  by  young  mar- 
****•■  I  LU  ried  couple  on  farm  or  country 
place.  Wages  or  shares.  Experience  with  poul¬ 
try,  cows,  Bees  and  vegetables.  First-class  refer¬ 
ences.  C.  C.  DOORLY,  Elizabeth,  N.  J. 


FOR  MENDING  HARNESS 


q  or  any  net 
Stewart's  Automatic; 
Awl  is  the  only  per- 
Sewing 
Awl. 


AMRITIfllK  WILLING  and  reliable  young  man 
fllllUIIIUUO|  (single),  good  habits,  scientific 
knowledge  ot  stock  and  general  farming,  desires 
steady  position;  good  home  more  desirable  than  big 
wages.  E.  S.  Davidson,  310  East  Third  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

TYT ANTED  April  1st  or  before,  position  as  foreman  on 
large  poultry  or.  dairy  farm,  by  strictly  temperate, 
mod  American  of  experience,  can  furnish  best 
Address.  Box  145,  R.F.D.,  Fairhavon,  Mass. 


mat _ _ 

reference. 


OMAKT  YOUNG  AMERICAN  to  learn  Retail 
Nursery  trade.  Must  have  farm  experience 
education  and  ability  at  pencil  drawing.  $18  mo 
$58.  next  yr.  Fine  future. 

B.  B.  NURSERY.  West  Newton.  Mass. 


W  anted-Farmer-Fruit  Grower 

i,  or  salary  and  shares.  Must 

ORCHARD  FARM,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 


To  take  place  on  siiares^or  sajar 
have  team  and  tools. 


DO  YOU  NEED  FARM  HELP? 

The  Jewish  Agricultural  and  Industrial  Aid 
Society  has  on  its  ilsts  men  wishing  to  obtain  em¬ 
ployment  upon  farms.  Most  of  them  are  without 
experience,  but  they  are  able-bodied  and  willing 
to  work.  They  speak  little  or  no  English,  although 
many  of  them  speak  German.  If  you  can  make 
use  of  such  help,  please  communicate  with  us, 
stating  what  you  will  pay,  whether  the  work  is 
permanent,  and  whether  you  prefer  a  single  or  a 
married  man.  We  are  a  philanthropic  organiza¬ 
tion,  whose  object  it  is  to  assist  and  encourage 
Jews  to  become  farmers.  We  charge  no  commis¬ 
sion  to  employer  or  employee.  Address 
THE  J.  A.  &  I.  A.  S.,  174  Second  Avenue,  NEW  YORK  CITY 

POST  CARDS— 10  beautiful  emb.  Easter,  10c, •  25  Comic, 
assorted,  10c.  Swanson  Card  Co.,  Cannon  Falls,  Minn. 


Ittakes  •  shoes,  tents,  awnings,  pulley  belts,  car- 
pet?’  saddles,  suitcases,  buggy  tops, 
r„  rS  u1’  dash  boards,  or  any  heavy  material. 

ioecls  Stewart' s  Aut 

from  spool  and  — ^ 

does  the  work  of  ( 
any  harness  maker 
machine.  It  is  indis¬ 
pensable  for  farmers.  - 

Agents  wanted.  Sent  prepaid 
for  $1.25.  Send  at  once  for 
catalog.  '  STEWART-SKINNER  CO. 

35  Hermon  Street,  Worcester,  Mass. 


SHIP  YOUR 


To  mgmillan  fur  &  wool  go. 

in  .  ,  MINNEAPOLIS,  MINN, 
illustrated  CircuIar^Free^to  anyone  interested  in 

Trappers’  Guide  Free  to  those  who  ship  to  us. 


TRAPPERS  AND  HUNTERS. 

Fiii-s  are  high.  A  fact  which  you  are  all  probably  ac¬ 
quainted  with.  But  the  question  is,  Are  you  getting 
highest  market  value  for  yours  ?  Remember  we  do  not 
charge  any  commission;  pay  all  express  charges-  will 
hold  your  goods  separate  for  approval  of  our  valuation, 
when  requested,  and  if  not  satisfactory  will  return  and 
pay  all  charges.  Don’t  you  think  we  are  entitled  to  a 
trial  shipment  on  the  strength  of  the  foregoing?  For 
further  information  write  for  our  free  price  list  and 
Tiappers  Guide.  Make  us  a  trial  shipment  today. 

Abrohams  Fur  &  Wool  Co.,  Fur  Merchants,  Seymour,  Wis. 

FKANK  W.  GODWIN 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  CO., 

and 

nes  Butter,  Eggs,  Cheese,  Poultry.  Mushrooms 

SHIP  YOUR  CONSIGNMENTS 


GEO. 


-TO- 

OLIVER  & 


COMPANY 

Established  1850 

COMMISSION  MERCHANT8 
WEST  WASHINGTON  MARKET.  NEW  YORK  N  Y 

PROMPT  RETURNS 


Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  8  CO  Com¬ 
mission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York. 


FOR  SAI  F~Aeed  owner  must  sell  this  fine 

c,  productive  farm  of  One  Hundred 

and  Seventy  Acres ;  spring  watered  pastures,  tim- 
ber,  wood;  fourteen-room  house,  painted  inside 
and  outside,  green  blinds;  four  barns,  40  by  90  and 
46  by  70;  other  outbuildings;  four  apple  orchards, 
penrs,  plums  and  grapes.  Price  $6,000,  part  cash. 
HALL  S  FARM  AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  (Jo.,  N.Y. 

VIRGINIA  FARMS 

offer  best  opportunity  for  land  buyers  and  the  best 
place  to  live.  Mild  winters,  cheap  land,  sunshine. 
Grow  all  crops.  Produce  best  flavored  apples. 
Cattle,  hog  raising,  dairying  and  poultry  raising 
profitable.  Near  40  million  consumers.  Get  top 
prices.  For  information  write 
G.  W.  K0INER,  Commissioner  of  Agriculture,  Richmond,  Va. 

]\TEW  YORK  STATE  FARMS,  all  sizes  and  in 
-L’  nearly  all  parts  of  the  State.  Illustrated 
catalog  free  to  parties  intending  to  buy. 

NORTHERN  REALTY  CO„  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


DLEASE  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com* 
f,  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter. 
Eggs,  Poultry.  Pork.  Calves.  Hay,  Grain,  Beans 
Apples,  etc.  E.  IS.  miOllYTAIlD,  802  (ireeuniel.  Hi.,  N.  T 

Hothouse  Lambs,  Poultry,  Calves,  Fancy  Eggs 

Ship  to  W.  H.  COHEN  &  CO.,  229  Washington  St.,  New  York. 

Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St,,  -  Boston. 


Hothouse  Lambs. 

Calves,  Poultry,  Fancy  Eggs,  Hothouse  Products, 
Fruits,  Vegetables.  Top  prices  secured  for  choice 
goods.  Correspondence  solicited. 

Archdeacon  &  Co. ,  100  Murray  St.,  N.Y. 

A  BEAUTIFUL  FARM  FOR  SALE  in  the  finest  fruit 
growing  and  trucking  section  in  the  waold; 
fertile  soil  and  fine  climate:  also  a  beautiful  water 
front  farm  with  timber.  For  full  particulars  ad¬ 
dress  SAMUEL  P.  WOODCOCK,  Salisbury, 
Wicomico  County,  Maryland. 


March  4 


eoo 


THE  RURAIi  NEW-YORKER 


:Ejjreka  Planters 

INCREASE  POTATO  PROFITS 


WHEELS,  FREIGHT  PAID,  $8.75 

for  4  Buggy  Wheels,  Steel  Tires.  With  Kubber  Tires, 
$18.45.  Kerubbing  your  wheels,  $10.30.  I  manufacture 
wheels  to  4  in. tread.  Buggy  Tops,  $6.50;  Shafts, $-2. 10. 
Learn  how  to  buy  direct.  Catalog  free.  Repair  wheels, 

$5.1)5.  Wagon  Umbrella  Fi-kk.  d  .  u  BOOB,  Cin'ti,  o. 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE. 


TILlZe*1* 

.  .  .  MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY  .  .  . 

‘The  Rogers  £?  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Solid  for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  ”  Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


Save  Time  and  Seed 

By  Using  the  50  Year 
Old  World's  Standard 


CAHOON 
SEED 
WER 


Guaranteed  tc  do  more  and  better  broadcast  work 
with  any  kind  of  grain  or  grass  seed  than  any  other 
SeedSower.  Savestimeandlabor;  givesbiggercrops. 
Pays  for  itself  many  times  over  yearly,  although  it 
is  the  highest  priced  sower.  Made  of  iron,  steel  and 
brass.  Lasts  a  lifetime.  If  your  dealer  cannot  supply 
you,  we  will  deliver  the  Cahoon  to  any  express 
office  east  of  the  Mississippi  River  on  receipt  of  $4. 

Seed  Sowers’  Muininl  tells  how  to  save  seed  and 
get  bigger  crops.  It’s  free.  Send  for  it. 

COPPELL  CO..  14  Main  St..  Antrim,  N.  B. 


NGINE 


'eS 


WE  PAV 
THE 

FREIGHT 


gasoline, distillate,  any  fuel  oil,  perfectly— without  cliango. 

Cheapest,  Safest,  Simplest 

POWER 

for  barn  work,  house  work,  mill  work,  dairy  work,  well 
work,  spraying,  sawing, irrigation, electric  lights,  pumping. 

Astonishing  success.  More  power  gallon  for  gallon.  Hun¬ 
dred  less  parts.  Patent  throttle  gives  threo  engines  for  tlio 
price  of  one.  Catalog  free — tells  how. 

Double  duty  tank  rovol  ul  ionizes  cooling 

systems.  Force  feed  lubricator — per¬ 
fect  oiling.  Automobile  muffler. 

Ball  bearing  governor.  Starts  in¬ 
stantly.  No  pre-lioating.  No 
Clank.  Experience  unnec¬ 
essary.  Women  canoper- 
tate.  Vibration  elimina- 
od.  Quality 
low.  Comes 
Always 
work — and 

FREE  TRIAL. 

No  obligation  till  satis¬ 
fied.  10-yesr  guarantee. 

*• Engine  Facts'  free 
write  for  it  NOW. 

Ellis  Engine  Co., 

51  Mullet!  St..  DETROIT,  MICH. 


Wanted  at  Once— A  Man 

To  Mako  $100  Per  Month  Above  Expenses 

1500  MEN  THROUGHOUT  THE  U.  S 
ARE  MAKING  BIG  MONEY 

with  our  largo  lino  of  over  80  different  household  neces¬ 
sities  consisting  of  homo  remedies,  extracts,  spices,  soaps, 
perfumes,  toilet  articles,  stock  and  poultry  preparations, 
polishes,  etc.  all  guaranteed  under  the  National  Food 
and  Drugs  Act  and  conforming  to  the  Pure  Food  require¬ 
ments  of  every  stato.  Sold  chiefly  to  country  people. 
Wo  import,  manufacture  and  sell  in  enormous  quantities 
Capital  and  surplus  over  one  million  dollars.  Factory 
floor  space  nearly  5  acres. 

We  want  one  man  in  each  unoccupied  locality  to  take 
foil  charge  of  everything  pertaining  to  our  business  in 
his  district.  Must  hoof  good  health  and  habits,  honest 
and  industrious,  not  under  21  nor  over  50  years  of  ago, 
able  to  furnish  outfit  similar  to  that  illustrated  abovo, 
also  several  responsible  men  to  vouch  for  his  integrity. 
Such  under  our  instructions  can  mako  not  less  than 

$100  Per  Month  Clear  Profit 

above  expenses  first  year.  $1800  second  year  and  $2400 
third  year.  Colored  people  or  women  not  considered. 

Previous  experience  or  more  than  ordinary  education 
not  needed  as  with  our  thorough  froo  course  of  instruc¬ 
tion  in  salesmanship  tho  work  is  easily  learned  and  a 
big.  pleasant,  healthful,  honorable  and  permanent  busi¬ 
ness  quickly  established. 

If  you  can’t  meet  requirements  don’t  writo:  if  you 
think  you  can  you  are  the  man  wo  aro  looking  for  and  a 
postal  will  bring  you  full  particulars  by  return  mail. 

Lots  of  now  men  starting  and  territory  filling  rapidly, 
so  if  interested  writo  at  onco  elso  territory  vacant  in  your 
locality  will  bo  taken. 

W.  T.  RAWLEIGH  CO.  30-40  Lib.  St.  Freeport,  III. 


Use  a  HERCULES 

All-Steel  Triple-Power 

Stump  Puller  on 
30  Days’  Free  Trial 

Clear  lip  your  stumpy  fields  at  our  risk  now 
with  a  famous  Hercules  on30  days’  Free  Trial. 
Test  it  on  your  place  at  our  risk.  Pulls  stumps 
out,  roots  and  all.  400ft  stronger  than  any 
other  puller  made.  Triple  power  attachment 
means  one-third  greater  pull.  The  only  stump 
puller  guaranteed  for  3  years.  Only  ou  '  with 
Double  Safety  Ratchets.  Only  one  with  all 
bearings  and  working  parts  turned,  finished 
and  machined,  reducing  friction,  increasing 
power,  making  ,  it  extremely  light-running. 

n  Hitch  on  to  any  stump 
400%  and  the 

Power  1L  Stump  is  Bound 

to  Come 

Also  pulls  largest- 
sized  green  trees, 
hedgerows, 
etc.  Don’t  risk 
da  n  geroue 
and  costly 
dynamite.  It 
only  shatters 
stump  and  leaves 
roots  in  ground. 
Save  big  money 
by  getting  our 
r.  — ,  r-  «  y,  /— V T/T*  n  and  freo  trial  offer.  Also 
r  K  r.r.  dUUiViJ  special  proposition  to 
first  buyers  where  wo  have  no  agents.  Write  us  a 
postal  card  today.  Address 

HERCULES  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

130  17th  Street,  Centerville,  Iowa 


The  Eureka  opens  the  furrow, 
drops  sesd  accurately  any  dis¬ 
tance  or  depth  desired,  puts 
on  fertilizer  if  wanted,  covers 
perfectly,  and  marks  for  next 
row.  Requires  only  one  man. 

Always  plants  uniform  depth. 

Driver  sees  each  seed  drop. 

Three  sizes,  for  one  or  two  rows. 

In  use  throughout  the  world 
for  many  years.  Prompt  ship¬ 
ment  from  branch  house  near  you.  W rite  for  FREE  catalog. 

EUREKA  CULTIVATOR  AND 

SEEDER 

Made  In  3  sizes, 
8,  10  and  1  2  ft. 


Weeds  and 
cultivates. 

Sows  and  cov¬ 
ers  grass  seed, 

alfalfa,  oats,  etc.  Renews  old  meadows. 

Prica  is  low  and  will  pay  you  1  arge  profits. 

EUREKA  MOWER  CO.,  BOX8G4,  UTICA,  N.Y, 


Home  Mixing 


is  sweeping  the  country 
like  a  tornado. 

Our  book — “Home  Mixing  of 
Fertilizers” — will  show  you  why. 
You  can  get — only  by  home  mixing 

_ the  exact  proportion  of  Phosphoric 

Acid,  Nitrogen  and 


that  your  land  and  crops  need. 

You  pay  less  per  unit  of  available  plant  food  when 
you  buy  the  stuff  and  mix  your  own  fertilizer.  You 
don’t  buy  filler  or  pay  freight  on  it  in  your  own  home- 
mixed  brand.  You  save  from  $5  to  $7  per  ton. 

If  your  dealer  doesn’t  keep  Potash  salts,  \ye  can  supply 
you — any  amount  from  200  lbs.  (one  bag)  up. 

Write  us  for  prices ,  Send  for  our  FRPP  book ,  Home 
Mixing."  Learn  why  Potash  Pays, 

GERMAN  KALI  WORKS,  Inc. 

BALTIMORE:  Continental  Bldg.  CHICAGO:  Monadnock  Blk. 
NEW  ORLEANS:  Whitney  Central  Bank  Bldg. 

IK  


Price  $10  and  Up^ 

Earn  $10  a  day  and  more,  easily, 
sawing  firewood,  lumber,  lath,  posts, 
etc.,  for  yourself  and  neighbors  with  a 

Hertzler  &  Zook 
Portable  Wood  Saw 

Fully  Guaranteed  for  One  Year 

The  Hertzler  &  Zook  is  the  cheapest  and  best 
saw  you  can  buy.  Direct  factory  prices— finest 
tested  materials.  Easier  than 
other  saws  to  operate  because 
the  stick  sits  low  and  the 
saw  draws  it  on  as  soon 
as  you  start  work.  It  is 
the  only  saw  made,  sell- 
ingat  $10,  to  which  a  ripping 
table  can  be  added.  Write  for 
circular  and  save  money. 
Hertzian  S  Zook  Co.,  Box  3 

Belleville,  Pa, 


FOUR  WEEKS  IN  SUNSHINE. 

spread  in  single  layers  on  these  shelves,  and 
left  until  wanted  for  planting.  We  have 
taken  such  seed  in  March  and  spread  it  on 
the  barn  floor,  or  on  the  floor  of  a  room 
in  the  house,  exposed  to  the  full  force  of 
the  sun.  When  thus  treated  the  tubers 
send  out  strong  shoots  hard  and  green  in 
color,  with  short  stubby  sprouts.  These 
are  very  different  from  the  long  and  white 
sprouts  which  start  when  potatoes  are  kept 
in  the  dark.  The  potatoes  in  the  sun  do 
not  wither  as  compared  with  those  kept 
in  dark  storage.  They  will  keep  when 
spread  in  the  sun  for  a  long  time.  The 
pictures  here  shown  indicate  the  way  these 
sprouts  start.  First  cut  shows  a  potato  ex- 


LIME 


Hydrated,  Powdered,  in  bags,  for  fer¬ 
tilizing  and  spraying.  Works  near 
Albany.  Hudson  Kiver  Lime  Co., 
428  East  26th  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  ’i  . 


NATURAL  Ground  PHOSPHATE 


In  Rotating  Your 
Crops  don’t  fail 
to  apply  Natural 
F  i  n  c-G  ro  u  n  d 
Phosphate  when 
breaking  your  clover, 
grass  or  grain  stub 
sods.  This  is  the  best 
time  to  a pply  it  to  the 
soil  direct.  Address 


THE  RELIABLE 
LAND 


BUILD 


The  right  amount 
applied  just  then, 
at  not  over  $1.00 
per  acre  cost  per 
crop, will  increase 
each  crop  grown  dur- 
thc  rotation  from  50 
to75X  Write  for  free 
Booklet,  telling  all 
ibout  it. 


soil  uircn  .  MTPI  FASANT 

TRR  FARMERS  GROUND  ROCK  PHOSPHATE  CO. TENNESSEE. 


Put  slate  on  your  roof  and  you'll  keep  dollars  in  your 
pocket.  No  more  leaks  or  expensive  repairs.  Nothing  I 

equals  QUIT  I  nnM’Q  SEA  GREEN  AND  PURPLE 

ontLIJUN  O  ROOFING  slate 

for  durability,  strength  and  economy. 

The  first  cost  no  greater  than  high-priced  prepared 
roofing  or  shingles.  Slate  does  not  rust  or  water  soak, 
will  not  melt— not  afferted  by  climate.  Our  free  book 
1  The  Roof  Question"  tells  why.  Write  us  today  about 
your  wants.  Special  prices  on  car  lots. 

F.  C.  Sheldon  Slate  Co.  Granville,  N.Y.  1 


“I  have  used  Sloan’s  Liniment 
on  a  fine  mare  for  splint  and  cured 
her.  This  makes  the  third  horse 
I’ve  cured.  Have  recommended 
it  to  my  neighbors  for  thrush  and 
they  say  it  is  fine.  I  find  it  the 
best  Liniment  I  ever  used.  I  keep  on 
hand  your  Sure  Colic  Cure  for  myself 
and  neighbors,  and  I  can  certainly 
recommend  it  for  Colic.” — S.  E.  Smith, 
McDonough,  Ga. 

FINE  FOR  SWEENY. 

Mr.  J.  Ii.  Fleming,  of  Stilesboro, 
Ga.,  writes  “Sloan’s  Liniment  is  fine 
for  sweeny  on  mules,  and  it  js  also 
fine  for  abscess  on  the  lungs,  as  I  know 
it  did  my  sister  good.  It  helped  to 
cure  her.” 

SLOANS 

Liniment 

is  a  reliable  remedy  for  both 
family  andfarm  use.' Very  pen¬ 
etrating,  needs  no  rubbing. 

Price,  50  cents  and  $1.00. 

Sloan’s  book  on  horses,  cattle,  hogs, 
and  poultry  sent  free.  Address 

Dr.  EARLS.  SLOAN,  Boston,  Mass.,D.S.A. 


Anyway, 
Try  this 

DIGGER. 


ML 

Saves  you  at  least  15 
cents  a  bushel  on  the  cost  of  * 

%  digging.  Gets  tho  potatoes  out  \y.  \v  * 
'  of  the  ground  clean  and  whole. 

All  sizes.  Elevator  diggers  for  large  .All,' 
|:i  fields.  Success  Jr.  for  small  patches.  1 1 
V  Write  for  new  catalogue  of  Diggers  i 
\  and  Farm  Machinery  and  let  us  tell  ;)t«| 

V,  you  how  you  can  try  a  Faniuhar.  KM 
i&v  A.  B.  KARQCHAR  CO.,  Ltd. 

Box  200  York.  I’a. 


SUN-SPROUTED  POTATO  SEED. 

The  Ohio  Experiment  Station  has  issued 
a  bulletin  on  potato  culture.  Mr.  Ballou, 
who  wrote  it,  rightly  says  that  sun-sprouted  i 
potato  seed  is  greatly  superior  to  seed  which 
has  been  kept  in  a  dark  warm  room  up  to 
the  time  of  planting.  His  advice  is  to  sun- 
sprout  the  seed  after  danger  of  severe  freez¬ 
ing  is  over.  Take  the  seed  outdoors  or 
somewhere  under  cover  where  it,  can  receive 
the  direct  sunshine.  A  set  of  shelves  can 
be  arranged  one  above  another  on  the 
south  side  of  the  building.  The  tubers  are 


TEN  WEEKS  IN  SUNSHINE. 

posed  to  the  sunlight  four  weeks,  while 
second  shows  one  thus  exposed  for  10 
weeks.  Such  sprouts  will  give  much  better 
plants  than  when  taken  directly  out  of 
the  dark.  This  plan  is  particularly  good 
when  small  tubers  are  used  without  cut¬ 
ting.  This  sprouted  seed,  when  started 
early,  will  enable  a  grower  to  get  bis  plants 
above  ground  early  in  the  season.  It  is 
found  also  that  where  the  tubers  are  given 
a  long  sun  bath  in  this  way,  soaking  to 
prevent  scab  is  not  so  necessary,  as  sun¬ 
shine  is  of  itself  a  good  treatment  for 
germs.  It  is  safer,  however,  to  soak  such 
seed  before  planting,  and  with  this  form 
the  green  sprouts  are  not  injured  by  the 
soaking. 


Training  in  Domestic  Science. 

C.  IT.  FI.,  Vermont. — I  am  a  farmer’s  girl, 
but  I  lack  the  training  of  a  first-class 
housekeeper,  so  I  would  like  to  take  a 
course  i  nan  agricultural  college,  where  they 
have  a  domestic  science  branch.  Could  you 
tell  me  if  there  are  such  schools  near  the 
southwestern  part  of  New  Hampshire?  Do 
you  think  one  could  learn  the  art  of  house¬ 
keeping  through  a  correspondence  school? 

Ans. — We  do  not  know  of  such  a 
school  in  New  Hampshire.  The  New 
Hampshire  Agricultural  College  has  not 
yet  started  domestic  science.  The  Rhode 
Island  College  at  Kingston,  and  Con¬ 
necticut  at  Storrs  have  good  courses  for 
girls.  The  Summer  school  at  Boston  is 
reported  a  good  one.  We  doubt  the 
possibility  of  getting  really  practical  in¬ 
struction  through  a  correspondence 
course  At  one  of  the  schools  we  have 
mentioned  a  girl  can  obtain  a  good 
training. 


1911. 


301 


AILING  ANIMALS. 

Heaves 

A  mare  in  good  condition  and  with  a 
good  appetite  seems  very  sluggish  on  the 
road.  She  seems  to  be  well,  except  that  she 
has  heaves,  but  that  is  nothing  serious ; 
she  seems  much  slower  than  usual.  She 
works  only  one  or  two  days  a  week.  Her 
grain  is  two  quarts  of  bran  and  five  to 
seven  quarts  of  provender;  all  feed  is 
moistened.  Can  your  veterinary  make  any 
suggestions?  E.  s.  b. 

Connecticut. 

Feed  sound,  whole  oats  and  bran,  with 
some  ears  of  corn  as  the  noon  meal.  Allow 
wet  oat  straw  as  roughage  and  roots  also 
may  be  fed.  See  that  she  is  lightly  worked 
or  well  exercised  every  day.  Give  her  half 
nn  ounce  of  Fowler’s  solution  of  arsenic 
night  and  morning  after  a  few  smaller 
preliminary  doses.  We  take  the  disease  to 
be  heaves,  which  is  incurable. 

Lameness. 

We  have  a  horse  that  has  been  lame  for 
some  time,  and  we  thought  the  lameness 
was  in  the  ankle,  but  possibly  it  is  in  the 
whirl  bone  or  patella.  She  does  not  show 
any  lameness  on  the  road  or  when  driving, 
but  it  seems  to  be  .hard  for  her  to  get  her 
foot  off  the  floor,  especially  after  being 
driven.  If  she  is  lame  in  the  whirl  bone, 
stifle  or  patella,  would  it  cause  any  weak¬ 
ness  or  lameness  in  the  ankle?  k. 

New  York. 

Without  an  examination  we  are  unable  to 
diagnose  the  seat  of  lameness  in  mysterious 
cases  which  cannot  be  diagnosed  by  the 
owner  or  ‘his  veterinarian.  We  suspect, 
however,  that  the  hock  joint  is  the  seat  of 
the  lameness,  and,  if  that  is  so,  a  spavin 
is  doubtless  present  and  will  require  firing, 
to  be  followed  by  a  six  weeks’  rest  in  stall. 
If  the  hock  is  -sound,  then  the  stifle  may  be 
the  seat  of  the  trouble,  and,  if  that  is  so,  the 
patella  probably  slips  out  of  place.  That 
would  need  repeated  blistering  of  the  stifle. 
We  cannot  say  as  to  the  probability  of  the 
ankle  (fetlock)  being  involved. 

Unthrifty  Colt. 

I  have  a  colt  that  I  bought  the  first  of 
December,  very  poor,  long  hair  that  turns 
toward  the  head  instead  of  lying  down 
right.  She  eats  well.  I  am  feeding  LVi 
pint  of  bran  and  oats  mixed  equal  parts 
by  measure,  also  clover  hay,  with  a  little 
Timothy  mixed.  I  would  like  some  advice 
how  to  make  the  animal  thrive,  u.  s.  a. 

Pennsylvania. 

Have  the  colt  clipped.  Feed  four  parts 
oats  and  one  part  bran,  allowing  one  pound 
per  100  pounds  live  weight  as  a  day’s 
ration.  Give  all  the  mixed  hay  the  colt 
cares  to  eat,  and  if  possible  supply  car¬ 
rots  or  other  roots.  Worms  are  the  likely 
cause  of  the  thin  condition.  Mix  together 
two  parts  salt  and  one  part  each  of  dried 
sulphate  of  iron  and  flowers  of  sulphur,  and 
of  this  mix  two  teaspoonfuls  in  the  feed 
night  and  morning.  An  adult  animal  takes 
a  tablespoonful  as  a  dose.  You  do  not  state 
age  of  colt,  so  we  are  unable  to  prescribe 
the  exact  dose  required.  Use  ordinary  salt 
for  the  colt.  It  is  cheap,  and  all  that  is 
required  when  the  other  medicine  is  being 
given. 

Staggers. 

I  have  a  horse  which  I  bought  early  in 
March,  1910.  lie  was  all  right  until  about 
June  1 ;  he  was  taken  with  a  spell  of 
staggering  and  fell,  but  recovered  in  a  few 
minutes  and  wf^s  ready  for  work  again. 
Since  that  time  he  has  averaged  a  spell 
every  two  months ;  seems  to  be  worse  when 
idle.  Sometimes  these  fits  are  followed  by 
a  mattery  discharge  from  the  nostrils. 
Sometimes  he  has  a  slight  cough.  He  is 
about  10  years  old,  has  a  good  appetite, 
keeps  in  good  flesh  and  is  a  fine  horse.  The 
last  time  he  had  one  of  these  spells  he  was 
standing  in  stall.  He  simply  began  to 
pull  back  on  the  halter  and  his  muscles 
seemed  to  cramp  and  jerk.  At  times  he  is 
perfectly  quiet  after  falling,  and  again  he  . 
groans  as  though  in  pain.  What  is  the 
trouble?  j.  B.  h. 

Maryland. 

Indigestion  is  the  common  cause  of  stag¬ 
gers,  and  it  usually  is  brought  on  by  over-  | 
feeding  and  lack  of  exercise.  Your  horse 
will  not  be  likely  to  suffer  attacks  if  you 
see  to  it  that  he  never  stands  a  single  day 
idle  in  the  stable.  He  should  occupy  a 
large  box  stall,  and  when  there  is  no  work 
for  him  to  do  he  should  be  turned  out  in 
the  yard  or  be  given  exercise  “  to  halter.” 

At  such  times  cut  down  the  grain  ration  and 
give  sufficient  bran  to  open  the  bowels. 

Indigestion. 

I  have  a  cow  three  and  one-half  years 
old.  A  year  ago  last  Summer  she  was 
away  to  pasture,  and  had  her  first  calf 
after  coming  home.  Soon  after  she  came 
home  I  noticed  she  was  passing  a  great 
deal  of  wind,  and  she  has  kept  it  up  until 
quite  recently.  A  few  weeks  ago  I  intro¬ 
duced  beet  pulp  into  her  diet,  giving  her 
equal  parts  of  pulp,  bran  and  gluten ;  since 
then  she  has  improved.  Her  second  calf 
was  born  in  the  middle  of  November-,  and 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


she  accidentally  killed  it  before  it  had  a 
chance  to  suck.  Her  udder  is  still  caked. 
I  have  an  idea  this  obstinacy  may  be  due 
to  the  digestive  condition.  Can  you  suggest 
what  to  do  for  her?  I  have  no  good  hay, 
but  give  all  the  meadow  hay  she  will  eat 
and  about  three  bushels  per  day  of  corn 
stover,  run  through  the  hay  cutter.  The 
grain  ration  is  three  pounds,  morning  and 
night,  of  the  ration  mentioned  above. 

Massachusetts.  j.  w.  s. 

Physic  the  cow,  giving  a  pound  of  epsom 
salts  and  half  an  ounce  of  ground  ginger 
root  in  three  pints  of  warm  water,  well 
sweetened  with  molasses.  After  the  physic 
has  ceased  to  operate,  mix  half  an  ounce; 
of  hyposulphite  of  soda  in  the  feed  or 
drinking  water  night  and  morning.  Pow¬ 
dered  wood  charcoal,  if  freely  mixed  with 
the  food,  would  also  be  likely  to  lessen  the 
tendency  to  gas  formation.  Foment  the 
udder  with  hot  water  twice  daily,  and 
then  rub  thoroughly  with  a  mixture  of 
equal  parts  of  sweet  oil  and  fluid  extract 
of  poke  root,  used  warm. 

Moon  Blindness. 

I  have  a  mare  troubled  with  both  eyes ; 
at  times  she  will  be  all  right  and  then 
both  eyes  will  become  closed.  She  is  seven 
years  old  and  sound  otherwise.  I  would 
like  to  know  whether  it  is  her  eyes  or  her 
eyelids,  or  if  there  is  any  remedy? 

New  Jersey.  w.  b.  t. 

The  disease  is  periodic  ophthalmia  (moon 
blindness)  and  is  incurable.  It  will  cause 
blindness  of  one  or  both  eyes  after  suc¬ 
cessive  attacks.  Giving  one  dram  of  iodide 
of  potash  in  drinking  water  twice  a  day 
at  time  of  attack,  and  continuing  for  a 
week  after  attack  subsides  helps  to  retard 
blindness.  The  eyes  may  be  kept  covered 
with  a  soft  cloth  to  be  kept  saturated 
with  a  solution  of  half  a  dram  each  of 
sulphate  of  zinc  and  fluid  extract  of  bella¬ 
donna  leaves,  10  drops  of  carbolic  acid 
and  one  quart  of  cold  water  at  time  of 
attack. 

Periodic  Ophthalima. 

I  have  a  four-year-old  filly  whose  left 
eye  got  injured  in  some  way  last  Fall  while 
still  in  pasture,  probably  from  a  twig. 
When  brought  in  the  lower  part  below  the 
pupil  was  covered  with  a  milky  film.  A 
short  time  later  it  covered  the  whole  eye, 
and  eye  had  a  watery  discharge.  About 
four  days  later  it  returned  to  its  former 
condition,  and  up  to  the  present  time  has 
remained  so ;  the  eye  is  dry  and  seems 
all  right  but  for  this  milky  film.  Will  it 
eventually  spread  and  blind  her,  and  what 
can  I  do  to  remove  it?  g.  s. 

New  York.  , 

See  answer  under  title  of  “moon  blind¬ 
ness,”  as  this  filly  appears  to  have  that 
incurable  disease,  and  should  be  treated  in 
the  way  advised  for  the  other  case. 

a.  s.  A. 


The  Most  Economical 
Engine  Ever  Built 


pEOPUK  everywhere  are  rejoicing  that  at  last 
they  can  have  an  engine  that  runs  on  coal  oil 
faultlessly.  oAll  this  is  the  result  of  gasoline 
going  up  because  of  the  big  automobile  demand. 

Kerosene  costs  6  to  16c  less  per  gallon  than  gasoline— 
and  gasoline  keeps  on  going  up  higher  un«l  higher. 
1  his  engine  runs  on  less  than  half  the  eost.  of  a  gnso- 
line  engine  right  now*  Also  runs  on  any  engine  fuel. 

Perfection  Kerosene  Engine 

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You  can  have  this  rcmarkablo 
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ask  him  to  show  you  the  “Perfec¬ 
tion  and  have  it  sent  to  your  farm. 

Try  it  thoroughly  for  15  days.  If 
at  the  end  of  that  time  you  are  not 
entirely  satisfied,  return  the  a  «..!& 
engine  to  your  dealer  and 
every  dollar  you  have  paid 
for  it  will  bo  refunded 
cheerfully. 

AND  DON’T  MISS  our 
free  Engine  Book.  Got 
a  copy  from  your  deal¬ 
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your  dealer  does  not 
carry  the  “Perfection, " 
write  to  us.  ^ 

Caille  Perfection  h,,,,  , , .  1 

Motor  Company,  211  Second  Av.,  Detroit,  Mich. 


How  CariYou  Afford 

to  be  without  A  Gasoline  Engine'  >r\(J— 
When  the  Price  is  made  so  Low-"  U 7 


Yon  know  the  value  of  a  gas¬ 
oline  engine  on  the  farm. 

Surely  it  hasn’t  been  that  you 
doubted  the  wonderful,  many  sided 
utility  of  this  labor  saving  that  you 
have  hesitated.  Price  has  caused 
thousands  to  delay— you  perhaps. 
But  price  cuts  no  figure  now  for  the 
price  of  the  Little  Giant  horse 
power  Engine  has  been  tumbled 
from  $93.25  down  to  $69.75.  This 
Engine  has  been  on  the  market  for 
20  years.  Thousands  have  been 
sold.  Many  of  these  have  been  used 
under  tho  most  'trying  conditions — 
rough  handling — over  loading  — 
poor  treatment  —  1  on g  continued 
service.  Yot  the  Little  Giant  has 
in  every  case  given  absolute  satis¬ 
faction.  and  maintained  its  envi¬ 
able  reputation.  It  was  a  big  value 
at  the  old  price.  Think  what  a  bar¬ 
gain  you  secure  at  the  new  figure. 


Robs  Farm 
Work  of  the 
Drudgery 


An  Engine  of  Superior 
Quality 


LET  A  LITTLE  GIANT 
DO  ALL  THE  HARD 
WORK  ON  YOUR  FARM. 

Turn  over  to  it  all  your 
pumping.  Let  it  run 
your  cream  separator, 
your  washing  machine. 

Let  it  saw  your  wood, 
shell  yourcorn,  cutyour 
feed,  run  the  fnnning 
mill,  blow  your  forge 
and  sharpen  your  tools. 

These  are  but  a  few  of 
the  tasks  that  theLittle 
Giant  will  perform  for 
you.  Surely  anything 
that  will  relieve  you  of 
all  this  work  is  worth 
a  great  deal  more  than 
tho  small  price  asked. 

LITTLE 
GIANT 
Engines 
are 

UfoPfUinlnil  Wo  know  the  Little  Giant  so 
B|df  I  ulllt.ll  well— haveseen  itsothorouchly 
tested  that  we  do  not  feelthe 
i-  XT„  M  slighest  hesitancy  in  attaching 
Mil  J  I  fJI  PS  this  warranty  to  each  engine  wo 
v  iVUXJ  8e]]<  We  know  from  past  ex¬ 
perience  that  the  engine  will  more  than  live  up  to  it. 

SIZES  AND  PRICES 

Prices  quoted  below  are  for  engines  f.  o.  b.  factory,  near  Chicago. 
EE  93200— Size  of  engine.abj  li.  p;  bore  l  in.; 
stroke  6  in.;  normal  speed  400  li.  P.  M.;  piston  speed 
400  ft.  per  minute;  pulley  6x6  in.;  floor  spare  24x57; 
height  to  top  of  tank  4b  in.;  approximate  shipping 

Priced550.!"8: . $69.75 

EF  83202— Size  of  engine,  ■ i  li.ii;  bore  5  in.; 
stroke  1%  in.;  normal  speed  400  li.  P.  M. ;  piston  speed 
500  ft.  per  minute;  pulley  8x  6  in.;  floor  space  26  x  57; 
height  52  inches.  Approximate  shipping  weight 

S'o”'. . $89.50 


The  Biggest  Gasoline 
Engine  Value  Ever  Ofiered 

For  many  years  this  successful  engino  has  served  as 
a  model  for  other  manufacturers.  However,  not  a  single 
ono  of  their  many  imitations  have  approached  it  in 

i lower— in  workmanship— in  economy  or  simplicity, 
letter  factory  facilities  and  a  big  increase  in  the  num¬ 
ber  of  engines  built  have  enabled  us  to  so  materially 
reduce  tho  price.  The  engino  is  simply  a  marvel.  It 
is  simple — easy  to  run — easy  to  start.  It  is  powerful 
and  will  work  above  its  rated  power  if  required  to  do 
so.  Will  run  anywhere  and  the  cost  of  operating  is 
trifling.  When  developing  full  power  only  two  and  a 
half  pints  of  gasoline  on  hour  are  required. 

You  will  own  a  gasoline  engino  Borne  day.  Why  not  get 
one  now?  You  will  never  be  offered  a  better  engine  nor 
will  you  ever  bo  offered  one  so  good  at  nearly  so  low  a 
price.  Order  from  t.lie  address  nearest  you. 


ASK  FOR  A  COPY  OF  OUR  GASOLINE  ENGINE  CATALOGUE 


Montgomery  Ward  &  Co. 

CHICAGO  AND  KANSAS  CITY 

19tli  and  Campbell  Sts.,  KANSAS  CITY  143  Chicago  Avenue  Bridge,  CHICAGO 


JACOBSON 

SELF-CONTAINED  ENGINE  WITH  AUTOMATIC  DRAINING 
WATER  TANK. 

No  Freezing  No  Overheating 

No  I.nrge  Water  Tnnk 

The  Agency  is  available  in  some  sections  and 
valuable  in  all. 

JACOBSON  MACHINE  MFG.  CO. 

Ill  Irvine  Street  Warren, Pa. 


SAVE  HALF  THE  LABOR 

in  sawing  wood.  You  can  do 
this  and  at  the  same  time, 
cut  more  wood  in  a  given 
,  time  than  in  any  other  way 
by  using 


Table  is  mounted  on  grooved  rolls,  moves 
easily — cut  of  saw  is  down  instead  of 
against  the  operator  as  in  old  style  ma¬ 
chines.  Must  be  seen  to  be  appreciated.  We  also 
manufacture  Drag  Saws,  Saw  and  Shingle  Mills, 
get  our  prices  on  Cunvns  Belting;  they  will  surprise  you. 
Send  forprlces  and  fall  information.”  “Ask  about  Hoists," 

Ireland  Machine  &  Foundry  Co. ,14  State  St.,Norwich,N.  V. 


Low  Factory  Price  Sells  This 

“  30  Days’  Trial-No  Money  Down 

Freight  Paid  No  Mailer  Where  You  Live 

We  manufacture  the  Cultivator  you  want  in  the  Spring  Tooth,  Pivot  Axle,  or 
W alking  Style,  or  Lever  Drag— each  the  most  perfect  tool  of  its  class— guaranteed 
for  all  time — and  each  offered  at  a  delivered  price  that  shames  all  competitors. 

Pick  the  one  best  suited  to  your  needs  and  try  it  free,  30  days  or  more.  We 
demand  no  money  in  advance,  no  deposit. 

.  W e  show  here  the  original  spring-tooth  cultivator  brought  down  to  19U  perfec¬ 
tion.  Does  everything  any  spring  tooth  does,  in  all  soils— does  it  better.  Does 
work  no  other  cultivator  can  do. .  Has  widest  range  of  adjustments.  With  center 
section  of  5  teeth  bolted  in,  makes  a  first-class,  easy-riding,  spring-tooth  harrow. 

Also  a  perfect  Broadcast  Seeder  and  Bean  Harvester  with  simple  attachments. 

Detroit  -  American  If1 cUhTr 

No  other  cultivators  made,  regardless  of  prices  asked,  compare  with  Detroit- 
Americans.  Thousands  in  use  in  all  States.  Satisfaction  guaranteed  on  quality 
and  prices  and  terms  are  right.  Cash,  30  days  or  long  time  payments.  No  dealer, 
no  agent,  no  mail-order  house  can  give  you  this  quality — a  Detroit-American. 

We  deal  only  direct  from  factory. 

Write  for  free  book.  See  the  cultivator  you  want  at  the  right  price.  Also  shows 
Vacs  Detroit-American  Manure  Spreader  and  Tongueless  Disc  Harrows.  Don’t 
wait  till  it’s  too  late  to  learn  how  much  we  save  you.  Send  postal  by  next  mail, 

American  Harrow  Co.,  1 632  Hastings  St.,  Detroit,  IWich. 


Cultivator  Quick 


302 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


March  4, 


SHEEP  FARMING  BY  PROXY. 

I  have  a  40-acre  farm  in  Rockland  Co., 
N.  Y.  About  six  acres  could  be  put  in 
crops — the  rest  in  rocky  pasture.  We 
have  about  12  tons  of  hay  and  three  head 
of  cattle  to  feed.  A  relative  lives  on  the 
farm.  Could  I  start  with  sheep  on  this 
basis  with  fair  chance  of  success?  If  so — 
how  ?  E.  w. 

Sheep  farming  by  proxy,  even  by 
a  city  man,  ought  to  be  a  successful 
experiment,  provided  the  caretaker  is 
thoroughly  interested  in  the  undertaking 
and  also  the  flock,  for  interest  is  of  vital 
necessity  in  all  branches  of  stock  farm¬ 
ing  as  in  anything  else.  You  say  that 
you  have  a  farm  of  40  acres  that  has 
but  six  acres  of  mowing  which  will  cut 
12  tons  of  hay;  this  I  think  offers  a  good 
inducement  for  sheep.  Judging  from 
what  you  write  I  should  think  that  your 
pasture  was  about  the  size  of  mine.  We 
have  kept  'GO  head  of  sheep  and  lambs, 
besides  six  cows  in  our  pasture.  The 
cattle  were  taken  out  of  it  in  August,  but 
the  sheep  would  get  their  own  living  and 
keep  fat'  iii  it  until  Winter  set  in.  I 
believe  in  sheep.  I  think  I  would  rather 
care  for  them  than  for  any  other  ani¬ 
mal.  I  always  make  pets  of  the  leaders, 
thereby  giving  me  entire  control  over 
the  flock. 

If  you  buy  a  flock  of  sheep  this  Win¬ 
ter,  turn  them  at  once  into  your  pas¬ 
ture  for  exercise.  Do  not  let  them  roam 
at  will  over  the  mowings,  for  if  you  do 
they  will  remember  the  privilege  and 
will  be  likely  to  give  you  trouble  by 
getting  out  of  the  pasture  in  the  Spring. 
Provide  a  warm  place  for  them  to  lamb ; 
watch  thepi  closely  to  see  that  they  are 
placed  in  it  in  time,  so  the  young  lambs 
will  not  get  chilled.  It  is  often  necessary, 
at  first, -to  .hold  the  young  ewes  for  the 
lambs  to  suckle,  but  if  they  are  alone 
with  them  they  will  usually  attend  to 
them  very  well.  Enclose  your  pasture, 
before  putting  in  »the  sheep,  with  woven 
wire,  which  is  dog-proof,  and  you  can 
attend  to  your  business  in  New  York, 
knowing  that  your  sheep  are  in  their 
pasture  and  the  dogs  are  without.  There 
is  no  reason  why  sheep  on  a  stony, 
bushy  pasture  will  not  do  well  if  their 
mortal  enemy,  the  dog,  is  fenced  out. 
You  can  easily  keep  your  sheep  behind 
a  wall  that  is  properly  strung  with  wire. 
This  is  the  only  fence  we  have  ever 
used ;  but  right  here  lies  our  mistake ; 
for  while  it  keeps  the  sheep  in,  it  does 
not  keep  the  dogs  out. 

The  all-important  factor  in  sheep¬ 
breeding  is  to  own  a  good  ram.  Or¬ 
dinary-sized  sheep  can  be  bred  up  into 
being  a  fine  flock  if  they  are  rightly 
bred.  Twice  we  spoiled  our  lambs  by 
not  guarding  against  inbreeding.  All 
ram  lambs  must  be  out  of  the  flock  be¬ 
fore  September;  if  they  are  not  re¬ 
moved  inbreeding  will  be  the  result.  It 
is  often  better  if  yearling  ewes  do  not 
lamb,  as  they  will  gain  much  by  an¬ 
other  year’s  growth ;  so  do  not  be  dis¬ 
couraged  if  some  should  fail  to  lamb  the 
first  year.:  In  case  of  twins  it  is  often 
better  to  take  one  away  and  bring  it  up 
as  a  cosset ;  for  it  takes  a  good  mother 
properly  to  bring  up  two  lambs.  You 
did  not  say  whether  you  thought  of  hav¬ 
ings  cows  on  your  farm  also.  An  old 
milkdd-out  cow  will  probably  bring  to 
you  a  fine  calf  which  you  can  either  fat¬ 
ten  or  raise  as  you  see  fit.  In  either 
way  it  will  be  profitable,  for  you  can 
Tatten  the  cow  easily  for  market  in  the 
Fall.  This  is  merely  a  suggestion,  but 
it  seems  to  me  that  such  cows  kept  in 
connection  with  the  sheep,  on  your  farm, 
would  be  profitable  for  a  man  farming 
by  proxy. 

I  do  not  like  to  tell  the  dark  side  of 
my  experience,  as  I  dislike  to  discourage 
any  one ;  but  I  feel  as  if  I  ought  to 
impress  more  firmly  what  I  said  about 
guarding  against  dogs  destroying  in  a 
single  night  the  hard  work  of  years. 
This  is  the  only  real  drawback  there  is 
in  sheep  farming.  It  disheartens  the 
farmer,  and  he  is  likely  to  give  up  just 
when  he  should  keep  on.  Suppose  you 


buy  30  sheep.  You  could  reasonably 
expect  them  to  have  thirty  lambs;  some 
will  probably  have  twins  which  will  bal¬ 
ance  the  loss  of  those  that  do  not  have 
and  those  that  die.  Half  of  these  lambs 
would  likely  be  ewes,  which  would  give 
you  45  sheep  for  the  next  year.  The 
other  half  would  bring  you  a  nice  profit 
and  the  wool  would  pay  for  their  keep¬ 
ing.  Old  sheep  do  not  cut  as  good 
fleeces  as  the  young  sheep,  but  are  us¬ 
ually  the  best  mothers.  If  the  sheep  lose 
their  wool  early  in  the  Spring  it  is  be¬ 
cause  they  were'  thin,  but  they  will  fat¬ 
ten  quickly  on  the  grass.  In  this  case 
shear  them  at  once  and  house  them 
nights  until  settled  weather.  In  a  good 
flock  you  will  shear  about  five  pounds 
to  the  sheep,  which  of  late  years  has 
brought  from  25  to  35  cents  a  pound 
for  unwashed  wool.  Sheep  breeding  is 
not  a  royal  road  to  riches,  yet  it  can  be 
very  profitable.  If  you  have  a  few  head 
of  cattle  running  with  your  sheep  you 
will  probably  find  it  more  profitable  in 
the  long  run.  You  will  be  apt  to.  receive 
good  returns  from  one  or  the  other  each 
season,  as  prices  and  conditions  on  the 
farm  will  vary  from  year  to  year.  Sheep 
that  run  with  cows  are  not  apt  to  prove 
troublesome,  and  all  the  calves  that  you 
can  raise  by  proxy  will  bring  good  re¬ 
turns.  SUSAN  JEWETT  HOWE. 


Warts  on  Heifer. 

I  have  a  heifer  two  years  old  which 
will  be  fresh  in  February,  which  has  some 
skin  disease  which  resembles  seed  warts, 
affecting  different  parts  of  her  body,  tail,, 
udder  and  teats.  Her  teats  are  completely 
covered  with  these  pedicles,  which  are 
seemingly  an  inch  long.  I  washed  the 
affected  parts  with  a  solution  of  bichloride 
of  mercury  morning  and  evening  for  two 
days ;  then  used  a  mixture  of  sulphur  and 
lard.  While  it  seems  to  be  somewhat  bet¬ 
ter,  it  is  not  improving  fast  enough  to 
make  me  believe,  my  treatment  is  correct. 
It  is  worse  on  the  warmer  parts  of  her 
body,  making  me  believe  it  is  something  on 
the  order  of  scabies,  but  it  does  not  yield 
to  the  same  treatment.  Please  state  the 
name  and  the  treatment  of  the  disease. 

West  Virginia.  T.  F.  L. 

Scabies,  is  due  to  the  mites  of  that 
disease  and  in  no  way  .resembles  the  con¬ 
dition  you  describe.  Warts  (angle  berries) 
are  quite  common  in  cattle  and  are  present 
on  your  heifer.  Once  or.  twice,  daily  rub 
affected  parts  thoroughly  with  best  cold 
pressed  castor  oil  and  after  a  time  the 
warts  will  disappear.  Warts  not  on  the 
teats  or  udder  may  simply- be ■  twisted  out 
and  the  bases  lightly  touched  with  a  red 
hot  iron  to  strip  the  bleeding.  a.  s.  a. 


The 


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Smith  Mlg.  Company 

158  E.  Harrison  St.,  Chicago,  HI. 


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Sales,  23  Styles 

No  traveling  salesmen,  small 
,  _  expense,  prices  low.  Every¬ 

thing  guaranteed.  Free  samples  by 
mail.  Prices  of  leading  styles  freight  pre¬ 
paid  to  all  points  north  of  the  Ohio  and 
cast  of  the  Mississippi  River: — 

Whoa  laches  high  Medium  Weight  Extra  heavy (all  No.9) 

0  39  23c  per  rod  37c  per  rod 

10  47  26c  per  rod  41c  per  rod 

12  65  82c  per  rod  49c  per  rod 

Special  rates  beyond  this  territory. 

BONO  STEEL  POST  CO..  23  E.  Mauuee  St.,  Adrian,  Mich. 


Vlarlm 

REPEATING  RIFLE 


You  can  buy  no  better  gun 
for  target  work  and  all 
small  game  up  to 
200  yards. 


Model 

20  _ 

Without 
change  of 
mechanism  it 
handles  .22  short, 
long  or  long-rifle  cartridges 
perfectly.  The  deep  Ballard 


rifling  develops  maximum  power  and 
accuracy  and  adds  years  to  the  life  of  rifles. 

TH«  *olid  top  it  protection  from  defective  cartridges — prevents  powder  and 
Bases  from  being  blown  back.  The  side  ejection  never  lets  ejected  sheila 
spoil  your  bead  and  allows  quick,  accurate  repeat  shots.  With  simple  take¬ 
down  construction,  removable  action  parts, — least  parts  of  any  .22 — it  is  the 
quickest  and  easiest  t*  clean.  A  great  vacation  rifle.  Ask  any  gun  dealer. 

The  136pa?e  777(ir/Sfi  catalog  at*  m  /.  />.  /- 

will  help  you  decide  what  rifle  //ie  Z/lOril/1  /'ireOT/JlS  LO. 
best  suits  your  individual  desires.  ,r.  _ 

Send  3  stamps  for  it  today.  I51  Willow  Street  Naw  Haven,  Conn. 


13i  Cents  a  Rod 

- Forl8-In.  14  3-4efor  22-in.  Hog  '  ’ 

Fence;  15e  tor  26-Inch;  18  3-4e 
for  32-inch;  25e  for  a  47-inch 
Farm  Fence.  48-inch  Poultry 
fence  28  l-2e.  Sold  on  30  days 
trial.  80  rod  spool  Ideal  Barb 
Wire  $1.45  Catalogue  free. 

KITSELMAN  BROS., 

Box  230  MUNCIE,  IND. 


FROST 
WIRE  FENCES 

A  Tleavy  Fence  made  of  Hard  wire, 
built  with  one  purpose  in  view, 
that  of  lasting  and  satisfactory 
service.  No  repairs.  Free  catalog 
upon  request.  Ask  your  dealer. 

THE  FROST  WIRE  FENCE  CO. 

Dept.  H  CLEVELAND,  O. 


Heaviest  Fence  Made 
Heaviest  Galvanizing 

We  make  i6o  styles.  Horse 
cattle,  sheep,  hog,  and  hull 
proof  fences  made  of  No. 9 
double  galvanized  wires 
,  and  absolutely  rust  proof 
-/.J— ,,-4  Bargain  Prices: 

14  cent,  per  Rod  Cp 
Poultry  and  Rabbit  Proof 
Fences,  Lawn  Fences  and 
vA  Gates.  Send  for  Catalog 
and  Free  sample  for  test. 
The  Brown  Fence  &  Wire  Co. 
Dept,  69  Cleveland.  Ohio  1 


3E SIDSXEEE 


•pTf,  '////.  -  w' 

>1  in.  .//.  “ 


LAWN  FENCE 

Many  designs.  Cheap  as 
wood.  32  page  Catalogue 
free.  Special  Prices  to 
Churches  and  Cemeteries. 
[Coiled  Spring  Fence  Co. 
Box  314  Winchester.  Ind. 


_  LAWN  FENCE 

Many  Styles.  Sold  on  trial  at 
wholesale  prices.  Save  20 
to  30  per  cent.  Illustrated 
Catalogue  free.  Write  today. 

KITSELMAN  BROS. 

Box  440  Muncie,  Indian. 


CMTHM  TC  STRONGEST 
r  KmNxjfML  made,  uu  11- 

strong  chick¬ 
en-tight  Sold  to  the  user  at  Wholesale 
Prices.  We  Pay  Freight.  Catalogue  free. 

COILED  SPRING  FENCE  CO., 
Box  2  63  Winchester,  Indiana. 


3 ~ 

' 

CYCLONE 


Fences  and  Gates  for  Farm,  Home, 


Parks  or  Cemeteries.  Increase  prop¬ 
erty  values.  Strong,  Lasting,  Hand¬ 
some.  Easily  erected— all  heights  up  to  10  feet.  Our 
catalog  and  prices  will  interest  you.  We  pay  freight. 

The  cyclone  woven  Wire  fence  Co. 

1237  E  50th  STREET  CLEVELAND,  OHIO 


CATA¬ 

LOG 


IRON 

WFREE 


AND  WIRE 

HIGH  CRAOE 


FENCES 


PUR¬ 

POSES 


ENTERPRISE  FOUNDRYAND  FENCE  COMPANY 
1225  East  24th  Street,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


iECAUSE 
the  fence 
gradually 
will  pay  for  the  luxur¬ 
ies,  season  by  season. 
How?  By  enabling  you  to 
turn  your  waste  into  cash. 
Fence  your  farm  off  into  a  sufficient 
number  of  fields  to  get  the  proper  rotation 
of  crops  and  the  most  advantageous  pastur¬ 
ing  and  your  cash  returns  each  season  are  bound 
to  increase.  The  farmer  still  using  the  old  system 
of  big  fields  is  losing  money  through  waste.  The  fields 
of  your  farm  are  like  tables  in  a  restaurant.  The  more 
tables  the  more  people  served  and  the  greater  the  profit. 

The  steel  In  Ellwood  fence  is  specially  made  for  the  purpose  from 
carefully  selected  stock.  It  is  hard,  elastic,  tough  and  springy. 
The  line  wires,  composed  of  two  or  more  wires  twisted  into  cables, 
give  each  individual  wire  the  shape  of  an  elongated  coiled  spring.  The 
fence  is  therefore  sufficiently  elastic  to  take  care  of  expansion  and  con¬ 
traction,  and  yet  so  rigid  when  properly  stretched  as  to  prevent  sagging. 
The  small  arid  permanent  mesh  is  made  by  weaving  one  continuous  wire 
throughout  the  fabric.  The  mesh  or  slay  wires  are  so  interwoven  that  slipping 
is  impossible.  The  triangular  truss  is  the  strongest  form  of  construction  known. 
For  this  reason,  Ellwood  fence  will  stand  hardest  usage  and  still  retain  its  shape. 

Ellwood  Fence  is  sold  in  your  town.  dealer  and  let  him 

show  you  his  different  styles  of  fence  andquote  you  his  low  prices.  Get  his  expert 
advice  on  your  special  needs.  He  is  on  the  spot,  buys  in  large  quantities,  gets  the 
lowest  carload  freight  rates,  demonstrates  quality  before  your  eyes  and  is  the  maa 
from  whom  you  will  get  the  most  for  your  money. 

FRANK  BAACKES,  Vice-President  and  General  Sales  Agent 

American  Steel  &  Wire  Company 

Chicago  New  York  Denver  San  Francisco 

Send  for  copy  of  “Ellwood  Fence  News,”  profusely  illustrated,  devoted  to  the  interests of farmers  and  show- 
ing  how  fence  may  be  employed  to  enhance  the  earning  power  of  a  farm*  Furnished  free  upon  application* 


1911. 


THE  KURAb  NEW-YORKER 


303 


GRINDING  FEED. 

After  feeding  corn  and  cob  meal  for 
some  time,  I  was  told  by  some  friends, 
older  and  more  experienced  than  I,  that 
the  cobs  would  prove  injurious  to  the 
digestive  tract  of  the  cattle  and  cause 
them  to  scour  and  pass  blood  mixed 
with  mucus.  Such  troubles  did  not 
appear  for  several  weeks,  they  said,  but 
were  certain  to  come  sooner  or  later. 
And  they  did,  so  I  shell  the  corn  before 
grinding  and  have  a  lot  of  cobs  to  burn. 
Cobs  make  hot  fires,  and  easily  pay  for 
the  shelling.  Is  it  a  waste  of  feed  to 
shell  corn  and  burn  the  cobs?  I  do  not 
think  so,  and  I  can  show  that  I  am  right. 
One  bushel  of  68  pounds  of  corn  and  cob 
meal  contains  3.08  pounds  protein  and 
an  energy  value  of  48.99  therms,  while 
a  bushel  of  meal  from  shelled  corn 
weighing  56  pounds  contains  3.80  pounds 
of  protein  and  49.75  therms  of  energy. 
So  there  is  a  neat  margin  in  favor  of 
the  plain  meal.  These  figures  are  for 
bushels  by  weight,  are  taken  from  Farm¬ 
ers’  Bulletin  No.  346,  and  are  for  di¬ 
gestible  protein  and  net  energy  values. 
After  changing  from  the  cob  meal  to 
the  plain  meal  the  steers  soon  become 
all  right  again.  The  only  advantage  in 
using  corn  and  cob  meal  is  that  it  is 
more  bulky  than  plain  meal,  a  fact  that 
is  of  but  little  importance  when  hay 
and  fodder  are  eaten  by  the  cattle.  The 
bad  effect  of  the  corn  and  cob  meal  is 
undoubtedly  due  to  the  sharp,  hard  parts 
of  the  cobs  not  being  thoroughly  pulver¬ 
ized  in  grinding.  To  make  the  cob 
particles  fine  by  grinding  is  too  expen¬ 
sive.  Before  the  ears  are  dry  enough  to 
shell  readily  the  cobs  do  not  seem  to  be 
injurious  to  cattle,  but  later,  portions 
of  the  cobs  take  on  a  flinty  hardness  re¬ 
sembling  the  shells  of  walnuts.  Corn 
and  cob  meal  weighs  38  pounds  to  the 
measured  bushel  and  a  measured  bushel 
of  plain  meal  about  50  pounds.  Shelled 
corn  increases  in  bulk  about  one-sixth 
by  grinding,  so  that  one  must  allow  for 
this  when  feeding  by  measure.  Also,  it 
is  well  to  remember  that  all  ordinary 
tin  vessels  are  rated  by  fluid  measure, 
and  that  a  bushel  holds  32  quarts  dry 
measure  and  about  38  quarts  fluid  meas¬ 
ure. 

The  expense  for  grinding  shelled  corn 
as  compared  with  ear  corn  is  about  the 
same  bulk  for  bulk;  in  other  words,  it 
costs  as  much  to  grind  34  pounds  of  ears 
as  it  does  to  grind  56  pounds  of  shelled 
corn.  I  find  that  it  costs  about  one 
cent  per  bushel  for  gasoline  to  grind 
shelled  corn  and  two  cents  per  bushel 
of  ear  corn,  68  pounds.  In  other  words, 
my  two-horse  power  engine  will  grind 
80  bushels  in  10  hours  and  con¬ 
sume  five  gallons  of  gasoline  at  15  cents 
per  gallon.  Running  on  coal  oil  the 
cost  would  be  50  cents  per  day.  I 
would  like  to  get  reports  from  those 
who  are  using  gasoline  engine  on  steady 
work  requiring  about  all  the  power  the 
engine  is  capable  of  developing,  as  to 
the  quantity  of  gasoline  actually  used 
per  horse  power  per  hour.  Put  an  even 
gallon  of  gasoline  in  the  tank  and  keep 
an  account  of  the  number  of  bushels 
of  feed  ground  or  the  number  of  hours 
the  engine  runs.  Give  the  kind  of  en¬ 
gine,  whether  two-cycle  or  four-cycle, 
the  horse  power  it  is  rated  for  and  the 
kind  of  work  done  and  the  amount. 
Such  reports  should  prove  interesting 
and  be  of  value  to  those  in  need  of 
power.  w.  E.  duckwaix. 

Ohio. 


The  Frosted  Bit. — The  comparison 
M.  E.  M.  makes  on  page  1190  of  what 
takes  place,  in  a  horse’s  mouth  when  a 
frosty  bit  is  placed  in  it  is  true  and  a 
pood  illustration,  but  it  is  not  half 
strong  enough.  As  an  exact  and  very 
fitting  one  the  writer  once  saw  a  small 
child  place  its  tongue  on  an  iron  pump 
spout  on  a  cold  day.  Its  tongue  stuck 
to  the  spout  for  some  seconds  and  the 
little  one’s  agony  was  pitiful  to  behold. 
Although  the  incident  happened  years 
ago  the  writer  has  never  forgotten  it. 
If  these  lines  happen  to  fall  under  the 
eye  of  some  careless  teamster  and  make 
him  more  merciful  to  his  beast  per¬ 
haps  the  little  child  will  not  have  suf¬ 
fered  in  vain.  S.  P.  A. 


Y? 


Make 
-  your 
Wm Calves 

Develop  into 

MOO  Cows 


Don’t  ‘'veal”  your 
calves.  Make  them  build 
up  your  dairy  herd.  Raise  them 
away  from  the  cow.  Save  50  cents  to 
75  cents  a  day  on  the  milk  they  would  con¬ 
sume.  Feed  them 

e  (jregson's  Qlfffeal 


The  Substitute  for  Milk 

Calves  eat  it,  thrive  on  it — “moo”  for  more  —  grow  into 
strong,  sleek,  money-making  milch  cows.  Contains  just  the 
right  amount  of  every  form  of  rich  nourishment  necessary 
for  calves.  A  kiln-dried,  sterilized  meal,  perfectly  balanced. 
You  cannot  afford  to  feed  milk  when  Gregson’s  Calf  Meal 
costs  but  5  cents  per  day.  If  your  dealer  hasn’t  “Quality 
Feeds ,  ’*  write  us.  Send  for  interesting  free  folder. 

The  GREAT  WESTERN  CEREAL  CO.  IZ*.  Chicago 

MAKERS  OF  QUALITY  FEEDS 

Boss  Foe  <1,  Gregson’aCalf  Meal,  Daisy  DairyFeed,  Sterling  Scratch  Feed,  Sterling  Chick  Feed 

BRANCHES 

Boston,  New  York,  Pittsburg,  Philadelphia,  St,  Louis,  Indianapolis,  Memphis 


Theresa  FREE 
Copy  For  You 


Write  For  It  Today 

Murray  1911  Style  Book,  just  out,  is  the 
most  complete  and  best  Book  of  the  kind;  178 
pages;  251  illustrations,  many  in  colors;  138 
styles  of  V  e  h  i  c  1  e  9 , 74 
styles  Harness,  all  direct 
fromthe  MurrayFactory. 

See  our  Wagon  Leader, 
page  101,  and  Special 
Harness  Bargain, 
page  143. 


“AUiA/iao 


9X 


Vehicles 


Are  sold  with  privilege  of  4  weeks  actual 
road  test.  No  buying  a  “pig  in  a  poke”!  You 
must  be  fully  satisfied,  or  no  solo.  That’s  tho 
Murray  Method  —  the  only  fair  way  to  sell  Ve¬ 
hicles  and  Harness.  It  gives  you  full  protection 
before  buying;  the  famous  Murray  Guarantee 
of  Quality  makes  you  safe  after  buying. 

Murray  "Highest  Award”  Buggies  Direct  From 
His  Factory  — Four  Weeks'  Road  Trial —Insures 
Safe  Delivery — Two  Years’  Guarantee 

Before  buying  Vehicles,  Harness  or  Saddles 
from  any  Manufacturer,  Dealer  or  Mail  Order 
House,  get  your  copy  of  tho  1911  Free  Murray 
Style  Book  and  compare  “Murray”  prices  with 
ak  all  others.  Even  If  you  need  nothing 
M |  right  now,  send  for  this  Book,  anyway. 
We  Want  Our  1911  Catalog  in  the 
Home  ol  Every  Farmer  In  America. 
Wilber  H.  Murray  M'I’jj  Co., 

308  E.  5th  SL,  Cincinnati,  O.  C 

-  | 

“Muma// ”  *«  =• 

Cincinnati,  Ohio  ■ 

send  my  Free  Copy  of  Murray  | 


Please 

|  Style  Book — no  obligation  on  my  part. 
,  Name  . 


.  Address... 


I 

I 


UICK 

Highest  Grade— Sanitary 

Not  a  particle  of  wood  about  them. 
Quick  to  open  —  Quick  to  close  — 
Quick  to  please — Quick  shipments. 
Aak  for  1910  Catalogue. 

BOWEN  &  WICK,  Mfn.  Auburn.  N.  Y. 


$100  BUYS  A 

FULL  ROLL 

(108  sq.  ft.) 

of  strictly  high  grade  roof  • 
ing,  either  rubier  or  flint 
coat  surface,  with  cement 
and  nails  complete. 

Most  liberal  offer  ever 
made  on  a  first  class  roof¬ 
ing.  Better  than  goods 
that  sell  at  much  higher 
prices.  Don’t  spend  a  dol¬ 
lar  on  roofing  until  you 
have  seen 

ASPHALT  ROOFING 

You  send  no  money  when 
you  order  Unito  Hoofing. 
Satisfaction  Guaranteed, 
W rite  today  for  f ree  Cata- 
logue  and  free  samples 
for  test  and  comparison 
and  our  unparalleled  sell¬ 
ing  plan. 


Iron  and  Steel 
ROOFING 

Send  today  for  Free 
Book  and  bottom  Fac¬ 
tory  Prices  on  Metal 
Hoofing  and  Siding. 
Better  than  you  can 
buy  elsewhere  at  any 
price.  Shipped  at  our 
risk.  You 

Send  No  Money 

so  you  take  no  risk.  Our 
guarantee  and  see-what- 
jou-buy-  before  -  pay  !  ng 
Plan  apecify  you  pay 
nothing  unless  fully  sat¬ 
isfied.  Don't  buy  till 
you  get  our  prices  and 
FREE  ROOFERS' 
GUIDE.  Writ©  for  this 
Book  today. 


PAINT 

Try  Unito 
paint  free.  If 
it  does  not 
spread  best, 
go  farthest, 
look  best, 
after  you 
have  used 
one-fifth 
send  rest 
back  and  it 

will  coflt  you  noth- 
In*.  Unito  )>aiat 
is  guaranteed  for 
firo  years — sold 
at  Real  Factory 
Prices.  Send  for 
Frco  Color  Card 
and  big  f ree  cata¬ 
logue  showing  all 
kindBandlow  cost 
to  you. 


Wonderful  bargains  in 
Unito  Buggies.  Latest 
styles  to  choose  from— 
each  absolutely  guaran¬ 
teed  and  sent  on  SO  days’ 
trial.  Don't  pay  815  to  825 
extra  to  dealer  for  less 
value.  Order  a 

Unito  Buggy 

on  our  trial  offer  and  prove  for  your¬ 
self  that  it  is  best.  Writo  today 
for  our  big  free  catalogue. 


Unito  Gas  Engine 

Let  us  send  you  a  Unito 
Engine  on  our  No-Money- 
in-Advance  FREE  trial. 
Use  it  —  prove  it.  Com¬ 
pare  it  with  any  other 
make— then  It  you  don't 
want  to  keep  it,  send 
it  back— we  refund  even 
freight  charges.  Made 
In  all  styles  and  sizes— 
lowest  prices— all  guar¬ 
anteed.  Ask  for  FREE 
catalogue. 


mm; 

FARM 

IMPLEMENTS 

Everything  from 
garden  tools  to 
heavy  power  ma¬ 
chinery.  Fully 
guaranteed.  Sent 
on  Free  Trial  to  sell 
themselves  by  their 
dependability  and 
high  quality.  Real 
factory  prices  save 
you  big  money. 
Send  for  big  free 
catalogue. 


Farm  Fence 

Extra,  quality  fence 
— all  sty  lea  and  Bizea 
— rockbottom  prices. 
Perfect  poultry  gar¬ 
den  and  stock  fence, 
extra  close  worCn  at 
bottom  to  keep  out 
even  little  chicks, 
and  wider  and  strong¬ 
er  at  top  tc  turn  hogs 
and  cattle.  Don’t  buy 
fence  till  you  get  our 
Factory  price.  Frco 
catalogue  on  request. 


SEWING 

MACHINES 

Don’t  pay  deal¬ 
ers’  or  agents’ 
prices  when  we 
guarantee  you 
better  quality 
ata  bigsaving. 
Any  Unito  ma¬ 
chine  on  30 
days’  free  trial. 

Be.  and  provo  for 
youraeif  beforo  you 
p*y.  Got  cmttloKUO. 


The  United  Factories  Company  consists  of  a  number  of  factories  co-operating  under  one  selling 
head,  to  deliver  direct  to  consumer— Tho  Best  Goods  at  tho  Lowest  Prices.  Write  today  for  our 
Big  Book  explaining  the  plan  that  will  save  you  money,  mentioning  articles  interested  In. 

The  United  Factories  Company,  Station  A-3 It  Cleveland,  Ohio 


Palls  and 
Pails  of  Milk 


fills 


full  and  foaming  over,  is  what  the  up-to-date  dairyman  gets 
who  gives  his  milch  cows  small  daily  doses  of  Dr.  Hess 
Stock  Food  in  their  grain  ration.  No  hard  times  on  his  farm 
no  talk  about  “farming  don’t  pay” — just  a  full  pocket- 
book  and  prosperity.  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food  has  reason 
back  of  it.  It  is  formulated  on  scientific  principles,  by 
a  practical  stockman — Dr.  Hess  (M.  D.,  D.  V.  S.)  and 


_  .  i  ;  t  l  .  1  4  too  \iVA«  JV.  ,  J-/*  V  •  O./  dllU 

a  want  long  recognized  by  the  American  dairyman  —  a  suitable  digestive  tonic  for  live  stock. 

DB  HESS  STOCK  F08D 

acts  directly  on  the  digestive  organs.  It  gives  them  tone  and  strength.  It  causes  the  largest  possible  percentage  of 
ay  and  grain  to  digest  and  pass  into  the  blood  to  be  secreted  as  milk.  For  the  same  reason  (increased  digestion) 
it  hastens  fatting  in  the  stall-fed  steer,  the  market  hog  and  the  spring  lamb.  “The  poorest  ration,  thoroughly 
digested,  is  better  than  the  best  ration  poorly  digested.”.  This  is  “The  Dr.  Hess  Idea”  of  feeding  and 
its  success  fully  warrants  the  faith  which  stockmen  everywhere  place  in  it.  If  you  want  to  have  fat, 
sleek  and  profitable  farm  stock,  use  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food.  It  relieves  minor  stock  ailments. 

100  lbs.  *5.00,  Except  in  Canada  and  extreme  West  and  South.  Smaller  quail-  DR.  HESS  &  CLARK 
ID.  pall  9I.0O.  titles  at  a  slight  advance.  Sold  on  a  written  guarantee.  Ashland,  Ohio 

Also  Manufacturers  of  Dr.  Hess  Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a  and  Instant  Louse  Killer. 

Free  from  the  1st  to  the  10th  of  each  month— Dr.  Hess  (M.D.,  D.V.S.) 
will  prescribe  for  your  ailing  animals,  !)S-page  Veterinary  Book 
_nce.  Send  2c  stamp  and  mention  this  paper. 

DR.  HESS  POULTRY  PAN^A^CE^A  is  the  foundation  of  present  day  poultry 

,  '  jr  .  Y  1  ■  M  **  success.  It  increases  appetite  and  assimi¬ 

lation— hence  the  egg  yield.  It  hurries  the  growing  chick.  It  makes  market  birds  fat  faster.  It  shortens  the 
moulting  period  and  cures  roup,  cholera,  gapes,  etc.  A  penny’s  worth  feeds  30  fowls  one  day.  Sold  on  a  written 
guarantee.  • 

lbs.  25c,  mail  or  express,  40c;  5  lbs.  60c ;  12  lbs.  51.25 ;  25  lb.  pall  $2.50. 

Except  in  Canada  and  extreme  West  and  South. 

Send  2c  for  Dr.  Hess  48-page  Poultry  Book,  free. 


INSTANT  LOUSE  KILLER  KILLS  LICE 


304 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKEK. 


March  4,  1911. 


be 

candid 
with  us 


We  ask  you  frankly 
whether  you  are  in 
the  market  for  a 
cream  separator,  pro¬ 
vided  we  save  you  one- 
half  or  more  on  a  good 
machine  that  will  ab¬ 
solutely  satisfy  you 
and  meet  every  re¬ 
quirement? 

Wouldn’t  you  like 
to  save  that  money? 
Then  ask  for  our 
Economy  Chief  Dairy 
Guide  with  our  1911 
proposition  new  low- 
water -mark  prices, 
$27.90  and  up. 

Sears,  Roebuck  and  Co. 

Chicago,  Illinois 


Dairymen,  Take  a  Look  at  the 
STR1TE  GOVERNOR  PULLEY 

Its  the  original  and  •'  only 
thing  for  driving  cream  sep¬ 
arators  with  gasoline  en¬ 
gines.  Once  tried,  always 
used.  TRY  ONK.  Ask  your 
dealer  for  a  «  ST  KITE”  or 
write  ur  direct.  Don’t  take 
an  imitation.  MtJ 

Strite  Governor  Pulley  Co. 
357  South  Third  Street 
Minneapolis,  Minn. 


Milk  Fever  Outfits. 

DT5 llOll NEKS,  Teat  Syphons,  Slitters, 

Dilators,  etc.  Received  only  award 
World’s  Fairs  Chicago  and  St.  Louis. 

Write  for  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

HAUS.SMANN  &  DUNN  CO. 

393  South  Clark  Street,  Chicago,  Ill. 


MacKellar’s  Charcoal 


For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  flue  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1814 
R.  MacKELLAR’.S  SONS  00.,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 


NATURAL  Ground  PHOSPHATE 


In  Rotating  Your 
Crops  don’t  fail  J 
to  apply  Natural 
Fine-Ground 
Phosphate  when 
breaking  your  clover, 
grass  or  grain  stubble 
sods.  iThis  is  the  best 
time  to  apply  it  to  the 
soil  direct.  Address, 


THE  RELIABLE 

LAND 

‘  BUILD¬ 
ER 


The  right  amount 
applied  just  then, 
at  not  over  $1.00 
per  acre  cost  per 
crop, will  increase 
„  each  crop  grown  dur¬ 
ing  the  rotation  from  50 
to  75*  Write  for  free 
Booklet,  telling  all 
about  it. 


soil  uirect.  nuuics^j^u/w.  ...  MTPI  FA'IAWT 

THE  FARMERS  GROUND  ROCK  PHOSPHATE  CO. TENNESSEE 


RET  SSOQB®  TO  8I00PPER  ACRE 


Growing 

W  Oranges,  Grapefruit,  Vegetables. 

5?  Thousands  of  satisfied  setders  are  making 
f  INDEPENDENT  FORTUNES 
V  You  are  offered  the  same  opportunity.  Buy  a  , 

£  few  acres  now  while  the  land  is  cheap — prices  are  *| 
'■  advancing.  Quick  transportation  to  the  best  Eaft-  9 
|  era  and  Northern  Markets  via  the  S.  A.  L.  Ry. 
Ideal  climate  year  round — no  freezes,  no  extreme 
heat — abundance  of  pure  water — plenty  of 
satisfactory  labor. 

It’s  America’s  Fruit  and  Garden  Market. 

An  instructive  booklet  fully  describing 
this  country  will  be  sent  free. 

J.  W.  WHITE.  Gen ’I  Industrial  Agt. 

Dept.  A  S.  A.  L  Ry. 

NORFOLK,  VA. 


ADVANTAGES  OF  TRAP-NESTING  HENS.  ] 

On  page  1211,  James  E.  Walter,  Jr.,  of 
Virginia,  told  about  the  hen  Queen  Lil, 
and  referred  to  the  Champion  trap  nests. 
What  about  them?  C.  E.  s. 

Mineral  City,  O. 

I  doubt  if  C.  E.  S.  would  find  the 
Champion  trap-nest  satisfactory.  After 
improving  the  Champion  in  several  ways 
and  using  them  for  two  years  we  are 
not  satisfied  with  them.  Even  when 
carefully  handled  and  watched  con¬ 
stantly  a  hen  will  sometimes  get  out, 
or  at  other  times  a  curtain  will  hang 
in  some  way,  letting  a  hen  pass  out 
after  laying,  thus  breaking  into  her 
record  and  foiling  the  pleasure  of  the 
work.  Trap-nesting  is,  I  think,  the  most 
pleasant  of  all  work  on  a  poultry  farm. 
You  get  nearer  your  flock  in  this  way 
than  is  possible  by  any  other  method. 
You  know  exactly  what  each  hen  is  do¬ 
ing,  and  to  breed  up  a  flock  of  heavy 
layers  this  is  necessary,  but  you  have 
to  be  on  the  job  365  days  in  the  year, 
and  every  hour  in  each  day.  I  think 
one  man  could  probably  trap-nest  500 
hens,  do  all  necessary  work  and  raise 
the  500  pullets  for  renewing  the  flock 
the  following  season,  besides  attending 
to  the  75  breeders  necessary  for  raising 
this  number  of  pullets.  I  would  count 
on  about  3,000  eggs  from  the  75  hens 
between  February  15  and  April  15,  and 
I  could  not  count  on  more  than  the  500 
pullets  from  this  number  of  eggs.  There 
are  some  poultrymen  who  claim  that  the  j 
trap-nest  is  of  no  value,  but  the  experi-  J 
ence  of  others  who  have  used  the  nest  ; 
for  a  few  years  proves  that  it  is  of 
value  and  really  necessary  for  the  breed¬ 
ing  of  the  heavy  layers  as  well  as  the 
exhibition  birds.  The  trap-nest  also 
proves  that  the  hens  making  the  big 
egg  records  are  not  “freak”  hens,  as 
claimed  by  some,  but  are  capable  of  re¬ 
producing  their  kind,  and  that  the  egg 
yield  of  their  pullets  will  he  greater 
than  that  of  the  average  flock.  There 
are  other  advantages,  too,  to  consider  in 
this  work. 

Suppose  we  step  into  a  poultry  house 
containing  100  pullets  for  a  few  minutes 
and  see  what  the  trap-nester  sees  every 
day  in  his  rounds.  The  first  thing  we 
notice  as  we  step  in  the  door  is  the 
battery  of  trap-nests,  12  of  them,  and  all 
closed.  We  draw  out  a  nest,  lift  out 
the  hen;  band  No.  160.  Well,  if  we 
had  noticed  the  egg  we  would  not  have 
had  to  look  at  the  number  on  her  leg, 
for  if  has  a  groove  in  the  shell  running 
from  one  end  to  the  other,  passing  en¬ 
tirely  around  the  egg.  The  next  hen  is 
No.  230;  this  is  the  hen  that  lays  the 
big  chalk-white  egg,  but  she  only  lays 
about  every  other  day  and  takes  long 
rests,  so  at  the  end  of  the  year  you  only 
have  a  small  profit  from  her.  The  third 
pullet  taken  out  is  without  a  band ;  she 
has  been  going  on  the  nest  almost  daily 
for  a  month  or  more,  hut  has  never  laid 
an  egg.  You  recognize  her  by  that 
pretty  red  comb,  long  hack  and  perfect 
egg  type.  Owing  to  her  beauty  you  let 
her  run  for  a  week  or  two  longer,  hoping 
she  will  lay,  but  at  last  you  find  she 
never  will,  so  you  sell  her  for  table  pur¬ 
poses.  The  fourth  lien  is  No.  310 ;  either 
her  eggs  are  soft-shell  or  “pigeon”  eggs 
and  of  no  value.  The  others  are  all  do¬ 
ing  very  well,  making  fair  records  with 
nice  sized  eggs,  and  you  speak  to  them 
kindly  as  you  turn  them  off.  In  the 
last  nest  you  open  you  find  one  of  your 
pets ;  she  is  laying  20  to  25  eggs  every 
month  and  you  must  notice  her  condi¬ 
tion  constantly  and  not  let  her  get  poor 
and  stop  laying,  as  she  will  certainly  do 
without  a  little  extra  corn  or  a  few 
scraps  from  the  table  when  you  turn 
her  off  the  nest.  Don’t  he  afraid  of 
getting  a  laying  Leghorn  too  fat  to  lay 
j  so  long  as  you  are  feeding  a  variety  of 
i  grain  and  a  good  dry  mash.  Again, 
don’t  get  it  into  .your  head  that  a  va-’ 
riety  means  a  change.  Choose  your 
ration,  include  in  it  three  or  four  kinds 
of  grain,  a  good  dry  mash  and  plenty  of 
green  food,  and  then  stick  to  it  through 
thick  and  thin,  even  if  every  hen  on  the 
farm  goes  on  strike ;  don’t  make  a 
change,  for  I  believe  the  hen  has  to 
change  the  gear  of  her  machinery  every 
time  you  change  the  ration  for  her. 
When  you  do  have  to  make  a  change 
owing  to  the  cost  or  scarcity  of  some 
grain,  let  it  be  very  gradual.  I  never 
make  a  change  unless  from  one  of  the 
causes  mentioned,  hut  I  do  vary  the 
amount  of  each  grain,  taking  tempera¬ 
ture  and  general  condition  of  flock  as  a 
guide.  I  have  also  gradually  changed 
the  proportion  of  meat  in  the  dry  mash 
since  I  trap-nested  Queen  Lil  two  years 
ago.  I  used  then  10  per  cent,  now  we 
are  using  25  per  cent  and  also  keeping 
it  separate  in  hoppers  for  them  at  all 
times.  Remember,  we  are  handling  Leg¬ 
horns.  This  would  probably  be  too 
much  meat  for  other  breeds,  so  study 
your  breed  as  well  as  your  feed. 

Virginia.  jas.  e.  Walter,  jr. 


QUICK  FREIGHT  PREPAID  NOW 

on  “BREGO”  high  quality 


ROOFING 


Investigate  how  carefully  we  make  “BRECO”  Rubber  Roofing  in  our  own  factory,  by  a  special  process, 
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compound.  Absolutely  guaranteed  to  be  waterproof,  fire-resisting  and  durable. 

Get  these  Free  Samples 


of  1-ply,  2-ply  and  3-ply  roofing  and  prove  to 
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Roofing  is  positively  the  best  roofing  ever 
made.  “BRECO”  Roofing  will  cost  you  50 
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the  freight  to  all  points  east  of  the  western 
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offer.  Satisfaction  guaranteed  or  money  back. 

THE  BREESE  BROS.  CO. 

Roofing  Dept.  11  Cincinnati,  Ohio 


Ui*£>*>  Cement  and  Special  Roof- 
*  *  ing  Nails  Inclosed  Ui  / 
each  roll. 


Hammer 
lays  It 

mi 


Perfect  Equipment  is  THE  Secret  of  Our  Success! 

With  the  experience  gained  in  operating  the  largest  Poultry  Plant  in  the  TV  orld,  our 
■v  knowledge  of  the  several  makes  of  incubators  is  greater  than  the  manu¬ 
facturers’.  For  the  sake  of  economy  \\  E 
built  an  incubator  giving  results  never  secured 
by  ary  other  make ,  and  we  now  offer  it  to  the 
public.  The 

INTERNATIONAL 

S  elf- Humidifying 

INCUBATOR 

is  responsible  for  our  great  success,  and  will  give  to  the  struggling  beginner 
all  of  the  profits  and  none  of  the  losses.  Absolutely  automatic  in  every 
function,  ^invariable  temperature,  certain  moisture  from  the  mo¬ 
ment  of  starting  the  hatch  until  nature  requires  a  cessation  in  order 
to  properly  drv  the  newly-liatched  unit  of  future  profit— so  thor¬ 
oughly  safeguarding  its  entrance  into  noultrydom  as  to  guarantee 
its  livability  when  raised  under  the  very  acme  of  Foster 
Mothers,”  the 

INTERNATIONAL 


SANITARY 

HOVERS 


This  Hover  makes  possible  the  rearing  of  the  maximum  of  chicks  and  the  minimum 

of  deaths _ 90  to  95 live  and  thrive  and  grow.  It  is  the  only  device  that  contains 

the  active  principle  of  the  hen,  and  the  ingenuity  of  man  can  go  no  further. 

Our  best  efforts  are  centered  in  the  production  of  Pay -Old-Chicks  and  Hatching 
Eggs  from  matured  stock.  No  pullets’  eggs  are  used  except  for  table 
DurposCs 

We  have  just  completed  our  1911  catalog  on  incubators  and  hovers 
also  our  stock  catalogue  on  Knncocaa  Strain  HAltl  CHICKS  and 
HATCHING  EGGS.  You  are  welcome  to  either  or  botli  ot  these 
catalogs.  Send  to-day. 


INTERNATIONAL  POULTRY  SALES  COMPANY 
Home  Office,  Box  285,  Brown’s  Mills-in-the-Pines,  N.  J. 
Branch,  21  Barclay  Street,  New  York  City 


J 


125  Egg  Incubator  and  Brooder  ?®Jh 

Why  pay  more  than  our  price?  If  ordered  together  we  send 
both  machines  for  $10.00,  and  pay  all  the  freight  charges. 

Hot  water,  double  walls,  dead-air  space  between,  double  glass  doors,  copper 
tanks  and  boilers,  self-regulating.  Nursery  underneath  tho  egg  tray.  Both 
Incubator  and  Brooder  shipped  complete,  with  thermometers,  lamps,  egg- 
testers — all  ready  to  use  when  you  receive  them.  All  machines  guaranteed. 

_  Incubators  are  finished  in  natural  colors  showing  the  high  grado  lumber 

used— no  paint  to  cover  inferior  material.  If  you  will  compare  our  machines  with  others  offered  at  anywhere 
near  ourprice,  we  will  feel  sure  of  your  order.  Don’t  buy  until  you  do  this — you  11  save  money.  It  pays  to  in¬ 
vestigate  tho  •‘Wisconsin’  before  you  buy.  Send  for  tho  free  catalog  today,  or  send  in  your  order  and  save  time. 
WISCONSIN  INCUBATOR  CO..  Box  I  iS^Racine,  Wis. 


Wisconsin  Incubators 

are  made  of  California 
Redwood.  Lamps 
are  galvanized  iron. 
O.  K.  Burners.  Taylor 
Thermometers, 


This  Illustration 

shows  the  double  trails 
w  ith  a  ir  space  between 


Wisconsin  Incubator  Co.,  Racino.  Wis.  Vickory,  Ohio 

Gentlemen:— I  am  well  pleased  with  your  incubator.  After  I  had 
taken  off  one  hatch,  I  could  have  sold  it  to  several  of  my  neiehbpra, 
but  I  did  not  want  to  sell  it.  From  the  firet.hatch  I  got  97  chicks 
from  100  ckks  and  if  the  eggs  do  not  hatch  it  is  not  the  fault  of  tho 
incubator  because  it  is  perfect.  MAIlY  M.  STULL. 

Wisconsin  Incubator  Co.,  Racine,  Wis.  Grass  Lake,  Mich, 

Dear  Sirs:— I  do  not  think  thoro  is  a  better  machine  on  earth  than 
your  incubator.  From  the  first  three  hatches  I  got  115  chicks  from 
115  eggs,  105  chicks  from  105  eggs  and  109  chicks  from  109  eggs. 
No  incubator  on  earth  can  beat  that.  1  will  stand  by  this  state- 
meat  as  I  can  prove  it.  A.  JESSUP>  R.  No.  3. 


BUCKEYES 

50  EGG 

INCUBATQR 1 


6 


Simple,  self-regulating,  complete. 
Guaranteed  to  hatch  every  hatchabla 
egg.  Sold  on  40  days  trial  with  money 
'back  in  case  of  failure.  150,000  in  use. 
If  your  dealer  doesn’t  keep  them  write  to  us.  We’ll  send 
you  our  catalogue  and  two  books,  “  Making  Money  the 
Buckeye  Way”  and  “51  Chicks  from  50  Eggs,”  Free. 

THE  BUCKEYE  INCUBAIOR  CO.,  508  W.  Euclid  Avenue,  Springfield,  Ohio. 

Builders  of  Buekeye  Portable  Poultry  Houses 
Sold  Cheaper  Than  You  Can  Build  Them. 


One  JIan  and  Hi&Son 

—  MADE  — 

$12,000 

In  One  Year 
with  Poultry 


Think  of  it!  A 'good  sized 
__  fortune  made  in  one  year, 
and  the  good  part  of  it  is  anyone  can  do 
if  they  follow  similar  successful,  prac¬ 
tical  experiences.  Our  big 

112-Page  Book  Tells  How 

It  is  full  of  information  gleaned  from  the 
'successful  experiences  of  the  world’s  most 
prominent  poultrymen. 

In  addition  there  are  articles  on  the  Possi¬ 
bilities  of  poultry  raising  on  the  ordinary 
farm— which  breeds  are  best — money-making 
methods  of  raising  ducks — how  to  feed — breed 
— rear — market  and  hatch  on  a  money-making 
scale.  Contains  scores  of  letters  from  leading 
poultrymen  telling  how  they  have  succeeded 
— their  secrets  of  success.  No  book  like  it.  No 
book  contains  so  many  articles  of  actual,  prac¬ 
tical,  successful  poultry  raising  experiences. 

Write  Your  Name  on  a  Postal 

mail  it  today  and  insure  getting  a  copy  before 
the  edition  is  exhausted. 

Describes  the  1911  Sand  Tray  Prairie  State 
Incubators,  Universal  Hovers,  Colony  Houses, 
etc.,  which  are  revelations  in  artificial  incu¬ 
bation  machinery.  Be  sure  to  write  for  book 
today.  Free— prepaid. 

PltAIBIE  STATE  INCUBATOR  CO. 
406  Main  Street  Homer  City,  Pa. 


MAKE  HENS  LAYH 

more  eggs:  larger,  more  vigorous  chicks; 
heavier  fowls,  by  feeding  cut  bone. 

UIUIDC  LATEST  MODEL 
mANN  O  BONE  CUTTER 


1  cuts  fast,  easy,  fine;  never  clogs. 

1 10  Days'  Free  Trial.  No  money  in  advance.  Book  free. 

HKF.W.MANN  CO..  Box  16,  MILFORD,  MASS, 

,,’S  ARMY  AUCTION  BARGAINS 

‘$11  H.00  SET  ARMY  POLE  HARNESS  $91  -8S 
“  A  t  ^  Set  Army  Lead  Team  Harness  $17.95  ^ 1  — 
Army  Saddles  $3.00  up 
ArmySbelterTents  1.00  up 
ArmyUnif’ms,newl.25  ups 
7-Shot  Rifie  Carbine  3.50 
01dSide-ArmPistols.50  up 
Side-Arm  Sword  .35  up 
'SEND  POSTAL  TO-DAY' 

'FOR  FREE  CIRCULAR! 

Largest  stock  Government  Auction  llnrgalns  in  the  world.  15 
acres  required  for  its  storage.  304-pngo  catalogue,  over  4,000 
illustrations  of  army  and  navy  auction  goods,  Legular  Military 
Encyclopedia.  Mailed  for  15  cents  (stamps). 

CANNONS,  FLAGS,  PISTOLS,  RIFLES,  SPEARS,  DRUMS,  E U. 

FRANCIS  BANNERMAN,  501  Broadway,  N.  Y. 

Why  Rent  a  Farm 

and  be  compelled  to  pay  to  your  landlord  most  of 
your  hard-earned  profits?  Own  your  own 
farm.  Secure  a  Free  Homestead  in 
Manitoba,  Saskatchewan  or  Al¬ 
berta,  or  purchase  land  in  one 
of  those  districts  and  bank  n 
profit  of  $10.00  or  $12.00 
an  aero  every  year. 

Land  purchased  three  years 
|  ago  at  $10.00  an  acre  has  recently 
changed  hands  at  $25.00  an  acre. 

The  crops  grown  on  these  lands 
wurrant  the  advance.  You  can 


m 


Become  Rich 

by  cattle  raising,  dairying,  mixed  farm¬ 
ing  and  grain  growing  in  the  prov¬ 
inces  of  Manitoba,  Saskatchewan 
and  Alberta  in  Western  Canada. 

Free  homestead  and  pre-emption 
areas,  as  well  as  land  held  by  railway 
and  land  companies,  will  provide 
homes  for  millions. 

Adaptable  soil,  healthful  climate, 
splendid  schools  and  churches  and 
good  railways. 

For  settlers’  rates,  descriptive  litera¬ 
ture  “Last  Best  West,"  how  to  reach 
the  country  and  other  particulars,  write 
to  8up’t  or  Immigration,  Ottawa,  Cun- 
ada,  or  to  the  Canadian  Gov’t  Agent. 

Supt.  ot  Immigration,  Ottawa,  Canada,  or 
Canadian  Government  Agent.  30  Syracuse 
Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


The  huhae  new-yorkeh 


HUMOROUS 

First  Chauffeur:  “Do  you  turn  back 
when  you  have  run  over  a  person?” 
Second  Chauffeur:  “No,  indeed;  I  might 
run  over  him  again.” — New  York  Sun. 

Ryan  :  “For  who  ’re  ye  puttin’  up  a 
fince,  Doyle,  afther  al’  th'  years  ye’ve 
lived  here  widout?”  Doyle:  “Well,  the 
fact  is,  Barney,  th’  docthor’s  bin  at  us  t’ 
take  precautions  again  thim  microbes 
ye’ve  heard  of.”— St.  Louis  Star. 

“For  a  Spring  chicken,  madam,”  said 
Dawson,  “I  must  confess  that  I  consider 
this  a  pretty  tough  bird.”  “Yes,  Mr. 
Dawson,”  replied  the  landlady,  amiably, 
“but  you  must  remember  that  we  have 
had  a  pretty  tough  Spring.” — Harper’s 
Weekly. 

“But,  Bertha,  how  did  you  make  the 
acquaintance  of  your  second  husband?” 
“It  was  quite  romantic.  I  was  out  walk¬ 
ing  with  my  first,  when  my  second  came 
along  in  a  motor  car,  and  ran  him  down. 
That  was  the  beginning  of  our  friend¬ 
ship.” — Credit  Lost. 

“Good  morning,  sir,”  said  the  artist, 
politely,  “that’s  a  perfect  cow  of  yours 
down  there  in  the  field.  I’d  like  to  paint 
her  if  you  don’t  mind.”  “By  heck!”  ex¬ 
claimed  Farmer  Korntop,  “I  reckon  ye 
won’t.  Git  outer  hvar !  I’m  tired  o’  you 
‘Perkins’  Purple  Pills’  fellers.” — Cath¬ 
olic  Standard  and  Times. 

“This  section  is  much  more  prosper¬ 
ous,”  declared  the  Western  farmer. 
“Twenty  years  ago  the  ingredients  of  a 
cyclone  consisted  of  rag  carpets,  tin 
pans  and  dog  houses.”  “And  now?” 
“Now  the  cyclones  are  fairly  crowded 
with  grand  pianos,  Persian  rugs  and  au¬ 
tomobiles.” — Kansas  City  •Journal. 

“Did  you  get  rid  of  the  flies?”  “I 
don’t  know,”  said  Mrs.  Corntossel. 
"After  we  had  burned  carbolic  acid  on 
a  hot  shovel  and  made  a  smudge  of  some 
kind  of  powder  and  scattered  oil  of  sas¬ 
safras  around,  I  don’t  believe  any  flies 
could  stay  in  the  place.  I  know  us  folks 
couldn't.” — Washington  Star. 

Yes,"  said  Mrs.  Wordsworth,  “the 
family  are  most  interesting.  John  dances 
divinely,  Tom  sings  like  an  angel,  David 
is  a  famous  footballer,  Susanne  paints 
with  great  taste.”  “And  Henry?”  “Oh, 
Henry!  Well,  he’s  rather  a  dull  sort  of 
a  fellow,  you  know.  He  only  works  and 
supports  the  others. — Melbourne  Aus¬ 
tralasian. 

“Where’s  your  father?”  asked  the 
man  on  horseback.  “Up  the  river  fish- 
in’  ”  answered  the  boy.  “Where’s  your 
big  brother?”  “Down  the  river  fishin’.” 
“What  are  }rou  doing?”  “Diggin’  bait.” 
"Hasn’t  your  family  anything  to  do  but 
amuse  itself?”  “Mister,  if  you  think 
we’re  doin’  this  for  fun,  you  wait  an’ 
hear  what  maw  says  if  we  come  home 
without  any  fish.” — New  York  Journal. 

Charles,  two  and  a  half  years  old, 
has,  naturally,  a  limited  vocabulary,  yet 
he  usually  manages  to  express  himself 
and  his  emotions  very  clearly.  The 
other  night  a  skunk  was  wandering  near 
the  house  and  Charles  learned  for  the 
first  time  what  the  awful  presence 
meant,  for  bolt  upright  in  bed  he  sat, 
and  gasped  out,  “O  mama!  Did  you 
smell  that  awful  noise?” — Youth’s  Com¬ 
panion. 

The  farmers  were  sitting  around  the 
stove  in  the  general  store  and  telling 
how  the  potato  bugs  had  gotten  their 
crops.  Said  one  farmer:  “The  bugs  ate 
my  whole  crop  in  two  weeks.”  Then 
another  spoke  up :  “They  ate  my  crop 
in  two  days  and  then  sat  around  on  the 
trees  and  waited  for  me  to  plant  more.” 
Here  the  storekeeper  broke  in :  “Well, 
boys,  that  may  be  so,  but  I’ll  tell  you 
'vhat  I  saw  in  this  very  store.  I  saw 
four  or  five  potato  bugs  examining  the 
books  about  a  week  before  planting  time 
to  see  who  had  brought  seed.”— National 
Monthly, 


Says  He’s  Glad  He  Ordered  Direct 
From  My  Advertisement: 


J.  V.  Rohan,  President 

Belle  City  Incubator  Co.,  Racine,  Wis. 


Avon,  Mass.,  Oct.  16,  1910 


My  first  hatch  in  the  Belle  City  with  eggs  that  were  not  very  good  was  76  per  cent  better 
than  the  highest  priced  machine  made,  that  I  had  standing  alongside  of  it,  as  it  hatched  only  67 
per  cent.  Later  on  I  took  out  an  86  per  cent  hatch  in  my  Belle  City.  I  find  I  lost  nothing  by 
ordering  direct  from  your  ad  in  the  Rural  New  Yorker.  You  can  count  on  me  for  from  4  to  8 
machines  this  season.  If  all  other  Companies  did  business  as  near  the  claims  they  make  as  vot* 
do,  there  wouldn  t  be  much  trouble  in  the  business  world.  Wallace  S.  Reynolds 

Avon,  Mass. 


Why  not  you?  I  guarantee  to  ship  promptly  every  order  received  from  this 
advertisement  on  day  received.  Or  send  for  my  booklet  “Hatching  Facts* * 
telling  all  about  Belle  City  Incubators  and  Brooders  and  how  it  won  World* s 
Championship  last  season.  Anyway  read  my  remarkable  offer  below. 

J.  V.  Rohan,  President 


«55  -g;  140-Egg 

*  Incubator  Made 


$4.85  Buys  the  Best  Brooder 


Both  Incubator  and  Brooder,  Ordered  Together  Cost  You  Only  $1 1.50— Freight  Prepaid 


We  Ship  Quick  From 
Buffalo,  Kansas  City, 
St.  Paul  or  Racine 


140-Egg  Belle  City 
Incubator  Only  $755 

Freight  Prepaid  East  of  Rockies  • 


WHY  PAY  MORE?  Investigate- 
send  your  name  and  address  to¬ 
day,  the  easiest  way,  by  postal 
or  letter.  I  tell  you  the  prices  right  here 
-and  how  my  machines  are  made.  You 
can  have  thirty  to  ninety  days’  trial  on 
both  incubator  and  brooder — and  I’ll  send 
all  money  back  if  they  do  not  do  all  I 
represent. 

Be  sure  to  send  for  my  illustrated, 
free  booklet, “Hatching  Facts.”  But,  if 
in  a  hurry,  you  are  perfectly  safe  in 
ordering  right  now  from  this  ad. 
Thousands  do  this  way  every  year.  I 
guarantee  to  ship  all  orders  sent  from 
this  ad  on  day  received — (from  ware¬ 
house  nearest  you  or  Racine.) 

-  No  disappointments.  Order  a  Com¬ 
plete  140-Chick  Belle  City  Hatching 
Outfit.  Send  only  $11.50  for  both 
Incubator  and  Brooder — freight  prepaid 
(East  of  Rockies).  You’ll  surely  need 
the  brooder,  too.  So  make  the  savings. 
Satisfaction  Guaranteed  or  money 
back.  No  risk,  however  you  order 


Belle  City  Worlds  Champion 


Incubator  and  Brooder 


egg  tray— high  legs — double  door — and  everything  that’s 
any  good  on  an  incubator— all  in  the  Belle  City.  “Tycos” 
thermometer — egg  tester — safety  burner  and  lamp  included. 
The  Belle  City  Brooder  is  the  only  one  having  double  walls 
and  dead  air  spaces.  I  guarantee  it  to  raise  more  healthy 
chicks  than  any  other  brooder  made.  Hot-water  top  heat 
—large,  roomy,  wire  runway  yard,  with  platform — metal 
safety  lamp  and  burner. 


Full  Directions  and  Poultry  Guide  Book 


J.  V.  Rohan,  President 

Belle  City  Incubator  Co.,  Box  48,  Racine, Wis. 


The  editor  of  this  paper  knows  me  to  be 
responsible  —  I’ve  advertised  in  this  paper  for 
many  years  and  treat  my  customers  liberally. 
I’ve  always  given  my  customers  more  for  their 
money  than  any  other  incubator  manufacturer  in 
the  world;  that’s  why  we  do  so  much  business. 

•*'  Belle  City  Incubators  will  hatch  more  chickens 
—  under  the  same  conditions  —  than  any  other 
incubator  made,  or  your  money  will  be  refunded. 
This  I  guarantee.  Double  walls — dead  air  space 
all  over — 1203  copper  tank — hot  water  heater 
— best  regulator — deep,  roomy  nursery — strong 


Complete  Hatching  Outfit  o»iy$  1 1§2 

Over  75,000  machines  in  use — all  doing  perfect 
City  should  be  your  choice. 

Send  your  order  now  or  send  a  postal  card 
“Hatching  Facts”  booklet  and  full  par¬ 
ticulars.  Don’t  pay  more  than  my  price. 
No  machines,  at  any  price,  are  better 
hatchers  or  brooders. 

Mrs.  M.  J.  Clifton,  of  Quinlan,  Oklahoma, 
won  the  World’s  Championship  with  her 
Belle  City  Incubator  by  hatching-  the 
highest  perfectscore  in  Successful  Farming's 
1910  prize  contest  of  188  entries — 140-egg  size 
140  eggs  set— 140  chicks  hatched.  This  was 
lOOw  perfect  on  the  full  capacity  of  the 
Belle  City.  Many  other  incubators  selling 
at  from  2  to  5  times  the  low  price  of  the 
Belle  City  did  not  equal  or  even  approach 
this  performance.  Thousands  of  testimonials 
show  you  Belle  City  can  do  best  for  you  also. 


140-Chick  Belle 
City  Brooder 
ONLY 


*4.85 


BURPEE’S  “FORDHOOK”  MELON  ', 

Two-thirds  Size 


‘THE  SEAL  OF 
QUALITY” 


Natural  Size  BURPEE’S  ”DWARF-GIANT”  TOMATO;  Weight  18  ozs. 


Your  Garden  and  Burpee’s  Seeds 


THERE  is  one  man  in  this 
great  Country  of  ours  who 
is  helping  the  farmers, 
great  and  small,  in  a  permanent 
way,  and  that  man  is  W.  Atlee 
Burpee,  of  Philadelphia,  Cali¬ 
fornia  and  the  Planet  Earth. 

He  mates  plants,  breeds,  and 
evolves  Seeds  that  Grow. 

Whether  you  plan  to  plant  a 
square  yard  of  ground,  an  acre 
or  three  acres,  you  should,  for 
your  own  protection  and  satis¬ 
faction,  write  Burpee. 

Burpee  knows  what  he  is 
talking  about,  and  he  give*  Ser¬ 
vice  plus.  That  is,  he  experi¬ 
ments  with  Seeds  three  hundred 
sixty-five  days  each  Y ear,  at  his 
own  expense,  but  only  the 
Best  he  sells  to  you. 

This  is  an  interesting  fact : 
Burpee  experiments  for  you — 
you  don ’t  experiment for  Bur  pee. 

The  Burpee  Business  is  more 
than  that — it  is  a  Friendship. 
“My  Friends”  (what  a  fine 
phrase  for  a  Business  Man  !) — 
that  means  honest  treatment,  fair 
dealing,  prompt  service  and 
Seeds  that  Grow. 

Burpee  buys  no  seeds  in  the 
Open  Market.  Burpee  seeds 
are  grown  by  Burpee. 

Burpee  is  a  Busy  Boy  bent 
on  Benefiting  you. 

Burpee’s  Customers  are  al¬ 
ways  Burpee’s  Customers. 

Any  man  or  woman,  girl  or 
boy,  who  is  interested  in  a 
Garden,  Flowers,  or  Home¬ 
grown  Vegetables,  would  do  well 
to  write  to  W.  Atlee  Burpee  for 
his  Latest  “Seed- Book.”  Tt’s  a 
Garden  Guide.  .  .  The  informa¬ 
tion  given  has  not  been  gleaned 
from  an  Encyclopedia  ;  it’s  the 
crystallized  Garden  Experience 
of  a  Man  who  tells  of  things  as  he 
knows  them — W.  Atlee  Burpee. 
You  should  have  this  Book — 
and  you  may.  Just  Address 

Burpee — Philadelphia. 

The  above  advt.  was  written  by  the  Editor, 
'  ELBERT  HUBBARD,  and  appeared  in 
The  I'ra ,  January,  1910.  That  “Fra 

T_  1  Elbertus,"  as  the  Editor  is  familiarly  known, 

ime  and  his  fellow  “Roycrofters"  believe  in 
-  BURPEE'S  SEEDS  is  even  better  proven, 

however,  by  the  annual  orders  for  their  own 
planting  at  East  Aurora,  N.  Y. 


Thirty-Five  Famous  Burpee-Specialties 

Any  “Four  of  the  Finest ”  Novelties— for  25  Cts.! 


OC  buys  any  Four  of  the  Thirty-five 

Flowers  and  Vegetables  named  in 
this  Advertisement;  or  you  may  select  any  Nine 
for  50  cts.;  any  Fourteen  varieties  for  75  cts.;  or 
any  Twenty  varieties  for  One  Dollar.  All  these 
seeds  are  in  regular  size  packets,  costing  10  cts. 
and  15  cts.  per  pkt.— if  purchased  separately. 


Seventeen  Superb  Vegetables 

Of  the  varieties  enumerated  below,  all  hut 
one  were  first  named  and  introduced  by  us! 

98  Burpee’s  Giant- Podded  Pole  Lima 

By  far  the  largest  podded  and  most  productive  of  all 
Limas.  For  illustrations  and  description  see  pages  8  and  9 
of  Burpee's  New  Annual  for  1911. 

«5  Fordhook  Bush  Lima 

of  [the  popular  Potato  Lima.  For  pods  in  natural  colors 
and  description — sec  page  6. 


Make  your  own  selection  at  the  rate  of 
only  five  cents  per  packet  (provided  you  buy 
twenty  varieties  or  more),  and  thus  you  will  se¬ 
cure  the  Best  Seed  of  the  Choicest  Novelties  at 
the  same  rate  your  neighbors  pay  for  common 
seed  of  old  varieties  at  the  village  store.  And 
all  the  trouble  you  have  is  simply  to  check  \J 
the  varieties  wanted  and.  with  your  remittance, 
return  the  Yellow  Circular  enclosed  with  each 
EIurpee’s  Annual  with.your  name  and  address. 
Or  you  can  order  direct  from  this  advertisement 
—giving  the  numbers  of  varieties  wanted. 


33  Bush  Bean---Fordhook  Favorite 

Quite  unique— the  only  White-seeded  .Stringless  Green- 
Pod.  For  illustration,  description  and  prices— see  pages 
10  and  11  of  Burpee's  Annual  for  1911. 

i8i  Beet---Burpee’s  Black-Red  Ball 

Extremely  early  and  of  finest  quality— see  page  12. 

:«)i  Burpee’s  Golden  Bantam  Sweet  Corn 

Earliest  and  best  extreme  early— most  delicious  in  flavor. 
For  illustrations  and  descriptions — see  pages  17  and  48. 

310  “  Howling-Mob  ”  Sweet  Corn 

The  best  large-eared  extra  early  white  Sweet  Corn.  For 
description — see  page  48  of  Burpee' s  New  Annual  for  1911. 

393  Fordhook  Famous  Cucumber 

The  most  beautiful  and  best  long,  green  cucumber— see 
page  53  of  Burpee's  New  Annual  for  1911. 

430  Burpee’s  Black  Beauty  Egg  Plant 

Earliest  and  best  of  all  large-fruited— see  page  55. 

470  Burpee’s  “  Wayahead  ”  Lettuce 

Earliest  and  most  solid  of  all  early  Hutterhead  Lettuces,  i 
— see  page  19  of  The  Burpee  Annual  for  1911. 


Nine  New  Sweet  Peas 

Your  choice  in  regular  packets  (which,  if  pur¬ 
chased  separately  ,  would  cost  10  cts.  or  15  cts.  per 
packet)  of  any  Four  varieties  25  cts.,  or  all  Nine 
for  50  cts.— postpaid  to  any  American  address. 

3i46  Florence  Nightingale  'blHft 

lavender  Spencer — see  page  113  of  Burpee's  New  Annual 

3163  Mrs.  Hugh  Dickson  *  r  c  a  m*- pf  i  n’k 

Spencers—  see  page  112  of  Burpee's  Annual  for  1911. 

3168  Purple  Prince  Spencer  d0efsctrws 

most  beautiful  and  distinct  New  Spencer— now  first 
offered — see  page  113  of  The  Burpee  Annual  for  1911. 

3131  America  Spencer  a  men  cl 

— seepage  113  of  Burpee' s  New  Annual  for  1911. 

Senator  Spencer 

WT  Hirt-rhinv  Beautiful  buff  and 
.  1  .  llUlUlllls  blush-pink  Spencer. 

Paradise  Ivory  °5hpbS8S“ 
Superb  Spencer  Seedlings 

Burpee’s  Unequaled  New  Blend  for  1911 —see  page  118. 

!>/-.€•#»  Rarri  An  entirely  new  Grandi- 

3013  KOSe  QU  I»arri  flora,  unique  and  distinct. 


3173 


3175 


3164 


3181 


— see  page  10  or  1  ne  isurpec  /mnuui  iot  1/11.  .  .  .  .  T>1 

538  Burpee’s  Brittle-Ice  Lettuce  NlI10  Other  New  »  loWCFS 


The  most  distinct  and  largest  heading  “  Crisp-Head 
summer  Lettuce — see  page  59  of  The  Burpee  Annual. 


—at  least  so.  far  as  the  prime 
•equisite  for  successful  garden- 
11  g  is  concerned,  if  you  plant 


Do  You  want  a  Copy  of 
Seeds  That  BURPEE’S  NEW  ANNUAL 
FOR  1911?  If  so,  name  ^Uhe 
Rural  New-Yorker  and  write 
TO-DAY! 


3 UR PEE S 
3row.  ”  To  be  sure  they  cost 
nore  than  do  the  usual  commer- 
:ial  grades— but  did  .you  ever 
stop  to  figure  how  insignificant 
s  the  .first , cost. of  seed  compared 
vith  the  after  cost  of  labor  and 
:he  value  of  resulting  crops  ? 


575  Burpee’s  Emerald  Gem  Musk  Melon 

First  introduced  by  us  in  1886,  this  has  long  been  recog- 
!  nixed  as  the  sweetest  of  all  melons — sec  page  63. 

574  Burpee’s  Fordhook  Musk  Melon 

Pronounced  equal  to  Emerald  Gem  in  delicious  flavor,  the 
melons  carry  to  market  as  well  as  Burpee' s  Netted  Gem— 
the  famous  Rocky  Ford  Melon — see  pages  2 1  and  63. 

611  Burpee’s  “Halbert  Honey”  Watermelon 

Fully  equals  the  famous  Kleckley  Sweets  in  luscious  flavor 
and  of  better  form— see  page  26,  Burpee's  Annual  for  1911. 

676  Burpee’s  Golden  Globe  Onion 

Earliest  and  longest  keeping  of  globe-shaped — see  page  72. 

707  Burpee’s  Mammoth  Silver  King  Onion 

Introduced  by  us  in  1884  (twenty-seven  years  ago!),  this 
is  still  the  largest  of  all  white  onions— see  page  73. 

1101  Chalk’s  Early  Jewel  Tomato 

The  best  extra  early  and  the  best  “all  seasons”  bright  red 
tomato— see  pages  23  and  90  of  the  Burpee  Annual. 

1095  Burpee’s  Dwarf-Giant  Tomato 

By  far  the  largest  fruited  and  best  ot  all  dwarf  tomatoes 
— see  pages  24  and  25  of  Burpee' s  New  Annual  for  1911 . 

9t  f'+o  buys  any  “Four  of  the  Finest”  Specialties 
VxlS.  nanlecj  above  ;  50  Cts.  buys  any  Nine,  while 
75  Cts.  buys  any  Fourteen  varieties;  81.00  buys  any 
Twenty  of  the  Thirty-five  Vegetables  and  Flowers 
named  in  this  advertisement — in  regular  packets  postpaid. 


Any  Four  for  25  Cts.  ;  All  Nine  for  50  Cts. 

1536a  New  Fancy  Antirrhinums 

The  Burpee  Blend  for  1911.  For  illustration  and  de¬ 
scription  see  page  119  of  Burpee  s  New  Annual . . 

woe  African  Golden  Orange  Daisy 

(Dimorphotheca  Aurantiaca).  Entirely  unique  in  color— 
a  most  remarkable  and  truly  "sensational”  novelty.  For 
illustration  and  description—^  page  126, 

19 1 5  Burbank’s  Fireflame  Eschscholtzia 

Most  gorgeously  brilliant— now  first  introduced  by  us. 

3860  Variegated  Queen  Nasturtiums 

Burpee’s  Superb  Mixture  for  1911.  For  description  and 
colored  plate  painted  from  nature— see  pages  108  and  109, 

3337  Best  Giant-Flowered  Pansies 

The  Burpee  Blend  for  1911  is  the  choicest  and  most 
complete  mixture  ever  offered—  see  pages  123  and  142. 

New  “Cecily”  Phlox 

grown  and  improved  at  Fordhook  Farms— see  page  145. 

3479  New  Burbank  Poppies 

Wondrously  varied  in  color  and  extra  large  in  size.  For 
Luther  Burbank’s  own  description— see  page  125. 

3534  New  Giant-Flowered  Portulaca 

“Parana”  A  distinct  and  most  attractive  novelty 
*  nxaisci  from  South  America — see  page  119. 

3554  Azure- Fairy  Scabiosa  ofUSth?s 

lovely  new  double  Scabious — see  page  121. 


Thousands  throughout  the  world  who  plant  these  new  flowers  and  choicest  vegetables  will  surely  rem^l^  with  pleasure  for  months^ 
the  coming  season,  that  191  I  is  the  Thirty-Fifth  Anniversary  Year  of  THE  BURPEE-BUSINESS  IN  QUALI  I  Y-SEEDS  .  It  goes 
without  saying  that  if  you  are  not  thoroughly  satisfied,  you  can  have  your  money  back  any  time  within  the  year— tor  such  is  the 
I  guarantee  that  goes  with  all  Seeds  purchased  of 

W.  Atlee  Burpee  &  Co.,  Burpee  Buildings,  Philadelphia 


I 

f 


NEW  YORK,  MARCH  11,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR 


VOL.  LXX,  No.  4089. 


RETURNS  FROM  AN  OHIO  STEER 
Combining  Feed  and  Pasture. 

The  steer  shown  in  the  pictures,  Figs. 
99,  100,  101  and  102,  was  purchased  late 
in  March,  1910,  with  three  others,  for 
the  sum  of  $180.  Their  owner  would  not 
sell  them  by  weight,  so  they  were  not 
weighed,  but  expert  stock  buyers  esti¬ 
mated  their  weights  at  850  to  900  pounds 
each.  These  steers  were  purebred  Short¬ 
horns.  but  looked  a  little  rough  as  they 
had  been  wintered  on  fodder  and  given 
no  grain.  The  writer  drove  these  steers 
home  and  started  them  on  ground  feed 
and  fodder,  and  as  March  was  warm  they 
were  able  to  get  some  grass  also.  About 
May  25,  after  consuming  six  bushels  of 
cornmeal  each,  the  feed  was  stopped  and 
the  grass  depended  upon  to  carry  the 
steers  through  the  Summer.  They  did 
finely  on  pasture,  growing  considerably 
and  rounding  out  noticeably;  compare 
Figs.  100  and  101.  In  Fig.  101  the  steer  wa  - 
slightly  closer  to  the  camera  than  in  Figs. 

100  and  102,  and  in  Fig.  99  somewha 
farther  away  than  in  Fig.  102,  so  that  one 
can  account  for  some  of  the  differences 
in  size.  While  there  was  considerable 
increase  in  size  there  was  also  change  in 
outline  and  a  noticeable  increase  in  depth 
of  body.  However,  the  changes  within 
the  body  of  the  beef  steer,  the  deposition 
of  fat  in  the  muscles  called  “marbling,” 
the  change  that  makes  the  fattened  ani¬ 
mal  usually  worth  so  much  per  pound 
more  than  the  thin  steer,  and  the  putting 
on  under  the  hide  of  a  layer  of  fat,  not 
valued  greatly  by  the  consumer,  are 
changes  that  do  not  show  up  well  in  a 
picture  unless  the  feeding  has  been  car¬ 
ried  to  extremes,  as  in  the  case  of  fat 
steers  for  shows  or  demonstrations,  but 
to  the  touch  of  a  practiced  hand  there  is 
noticeable  a  certain  mellowness  and 
depth  of  flesh  in  the  well-fed  steer.  Fig. 

101  shows  the  steer  at  the  beginning  of 
feeding  period,  November  1,  after  five 
months  on  grass.  Fig.  102  shows  the  steer 
when  sold,  February  1,  after  consuming 
12  bushels  of  corn  and  about  a  ton  of 
hay  and  fodder.  They  were  sold  and 
weighed  February  1,  1911.  They  aver¬ 
aged  1,317  pounds  in  weight,  having 
gained  in  310  days  approximately  450 
pounds  each.  It  being  a  question  of  cost 
of  production  only,  these  steers  were  not 
weighed  until  sold ;  it  was  not  convenient 
to  weigh  them  at  other  times,  and  be¬ 
sides,  it  is  a  serious  matter  to  annoy 
stock  by  frequent  and  unnecessary 
weighing  or  driving. 

As  to  cost  and  profit;  stock  and  fat 
cattle  were  too  high  in  March,  1910,  and 
as  the  season  advanced  the  price  kept  up 
well  till  early  Fall,  when  fat  cattle  be¬ 
came  a  drug  on  the  market,  contrary  to 
the  livestock  prophets.  Stock  cattle 
prices  sagged  considerably  also,  but 
killers  butchered  heavy  feeders  in  pref¬ 
erence  to  fat  beeves,  and  we  had  an  ab¬ 
normal  market  condition  in  that  there 
was  a  small  range  in  price  between  fleshy 
feeders  and  fat  steers.  A  lot  of  thin 
cattle  had  gone  on  pasture  and  into  feed 
lot  for  early  Winter  sale;  then  came  a 
lot  of  half-finished  stuff  from  the 


TWO-YEAR-OLD  STEER  WHEN  BOUGHT.  Fig.  99. 


AFTER  AN  EIGHT  WEEKS  “WARMING  UP.”  Fig.  lOo. 


READY  TO  FATTEN  AFTER  FIVE  MONTHS  ON  GRASS.  Fig.  101. 


THE  FINISHED  PRODUCT.  Fig.  102. 


drought-stricken  western  ranges,  and  to 
cap^the  climax,  there  was  a  lessened  con¬ 
sumption,  especially  of  the  better  quality 
of  beef,  and  many  a  well-finished  steer 
went  to  market  at  a  loss  to  his  feeder. 
The  steer  shown  in  the  pictures  might 
have  been  sold  off  the  pasture  before  the 
slump  came  at  $5.75  to  $6  per  hundred, 
at  a  fair  profit,  but  it  seemed  wrong  to 
sell  such  thin  cattle,  and  it  was  thought 
that  the  abnormal  market  conditions 
would  change.  They  are  unchanged  to¬ 
day,  except  that  there  is  a  slight  increase 
in  price.  The  demand  seems  to  be  for 
any  kind  of  lean  beef,  just  so  that  it  is 
small  and  carries  little  or  no  fat.  There 
is  some  demand  for  prime  beeves,  but 
the  demand  is  limited,  and  only  at 
prices  that  make  their  production  a  losing 
operation  to  the  feeder  under  present 
conditions.  For  these  reasons  this  lot  of 
steers  went  to  market  200  pounds  lighter 
than  they  could  have  been  made  at  a 
profit.  During  the  last  10  days  they  were 
fed,  each  steer  ate  16  pounds  of  corn- 
meal,  and  about  all  the  hay  and  fodder 
that  would  be  cleaned  up  well.  Such 
feeding  means  a  loss  unless  gains  of 
more  than  two  pounds  per  day  per  head 
are  being  made,  and  the  selling  price 
figured  at  near  six  cents  per  pound.  Al¬ 
together  these  steers  ate  $8.50  worth  of 
corn  each  and  consumed  pasture  and 
roughage  to  the  extent  of  approximately 
$15.50  (figured  at  five  cents  per  day  for 
310  days),  making  a  total  cost  of  $69  per 
head  (interest  included),  and  as  they 
sold  by  contract  at  six  cents,  each  steer 
gave  a  net  average  profit  of  $10.  Feed 
and  pasture  are  figured  at  market  prices 
and  such  prices  truthfully  represent  the 
cost  of  the  feeds  used,  as  one  is  free  to 
buy  or  produce  as  seems  most  desirable. 

Feeder  cattle,  cattle  heavier  and  flesh¬ 
ier  than  stockers,  are  now  much  too  high 
in  price,  selling  at  a  range  of  5*4  to  six 
cents,  and  the  feeder  must  bid  for  these 
cattle  in  competition  with  butchers  in 
many  cases,  making  it  a  very  poor  time 
to  stock  up  with  cattle.  Fat  cattle  prices 
ought  to  be  higher  from  the  feeder’s 
standpoint,  but  the  consumer  eats  less 
and  cheaper  meat  than  usual,  so  the  pre¬ 
dictions  of  a  good  market  for  finished 
cattle  were  wrong  and  many  feeders  must 
pocket  a  loss.  At  present  it  seems  that 
we  shall  have  reciprocity  with  Canada, 
mostly  in  regard  to  products  of  the 
farms,  and  this  will  likely  lower  further 
the  prices  of  commodities,  including 
meats,  so  that  to  continue  in  business 
the  cattle  feeder  must  get  cheaper  stock¬ 
ers  or  feeder  cattle  than  are  in  sight 
to-day.  w.  e.  duckwau,. 

R-  N.-Y.  —  Mr.  Duckwall’s  concise 
statement  would  have  a  good  deal  of  in¬ 
terest  for  the  consumer,  who,  as  he  says, 

“eats  less  and  cheaper  meat  than  usual.” 
This  is  not  because  the  consumer  is  any 
more  penurious  than  he  was  10  years 
ago,  but  because  lie  cannot  afford  lux¬ 
urious  living.  Since  the  feeder  is  not 
paid  for  his  labor,  while  the  working 
consumer  can  only  pay  for  cheap  cuts, 
just  who  is  absorbing  the  tenderloin  and 
porterhouse  of  the  American  meat  in¬ 
dustry?  The  farmer  can  surely  prove 
an  alibi,  and  the  “ultimate  consumer” 
hardly  selects  chuck  steak  from  choice. 


306 


THE  RURAL.  NEW-YORKER 


March  11, 


EXPERIENCES  WITH  THE  USE  OF  HAIRY 
VETCH  FOR  COVER  CROPS. 

Vicia  Villosa  as  a  Cover  Crop  for  Tobacco  Lands. 

(  Continued,  from  page  226) 

ADVANTAGES  OF  VETCH  COVER  CROP.— 
There  are  several  important  known  advantages  of  the 
use  of  cover  crops  for  tobacco  and  corn  lands,  among 
which  might  be  mentioned  the  following:  Prevention 
of  soil  waste.  In  open  unprotected  fields,  or  locations 
on  slopes  or  hillsides,  the  vetch  crop  holds  the  soil  and 
protects  it  against  washing  in  floods,  or  from  drifting 
in  dry  weather ;  increase  of  the  water-holding  capacity 
of  the  soil.  The  rains  and  melting  snows  follow  down 
the  root  system  of  the  living  vetch  plants,  instead 
of  running  off  the  sifrface  of  the  soil ;  improving  soil 
tilth,  the  soils  where  vetch  crops  have  been  plowed 
under  are  more  mellow  than  similar  land  where  vetch 
or  other  legume  has  not  been  grown,  and  is  in  better 
condition  for  the  cultivation  of  other  crops;  it  has 
more  “life”  as  it  is  sometimes  termed ;  it  is  now  the 
opinion  of  competent  authorities  that  the  growing  of 
legume  cover  crops,  and  their  incorporation  into  the 
soil  improves  the  condition  of  the  soil  for  the  action 
of  favorable  bacteria ;  the  plowing  under  of  the  mass 
of  vegetation  adds  to  the  humus  content  of  the  soil ; 
and  through  the  nodules  that  develop  so  freely  in  the 
vast  root  system  of  this  crop,  nitrogen,  the  most  costly 
of  plant  foods,  is  trapped  and  added  to  the  soil’s 
plant  food  supply.  How  much  nitrogen  is  thus  added 
to  the  soil  is  not  definitely  known,  although  experi¬ 
ments  have  shown  that  in  some  cases  it  amounts  to 
about  one  hundred  pounds  per  acre. 

OTHER  USES  FOR  VETCH.— In  the  course  of 
plant  breeding  vvork  in  Southern  California,  the 
writer  has  recently  come  in  contact  with  the  extensive 
use  of  vetch  for  cover  crops  in  Citrus  orchards.  In 
this  semi-tropical  region,  the  Summer  vetch,  Vicia 
sativa,  is  used,  although  Vicia  villosa  has  been  tried 
with  good  results.  Thousands  of  acres  of  orange  and 
lemon  groves  are  now  annually  seeded  to  this  vetch, 
which  is  allowed  to  grow  as  long  as  possible,  then  is 
plowed  under.  Some  of  the  most-  extensive  and  suc¬ 
cessful  Citrus  growers  depend  on  the  vetch  crop  sole¬ 
ly  for  their  supply  of  nitrogen  to  be  added  to  the 
groves  for  fertilizer.  They  have  stated  to  the  writer 
that  this  method  gives  them  better  results  than  the  old 
method  of  using  commercial  fertilizer  for  nitrogen, 
and  with  a  mere  fraction  of  the  expense.  One  leading 
Citrus  grower  estimates  his  saving,  from  the  use  of 
vetch  cover  crops,  at  about  seventy-five  thousands  of 
dollars  annually.  Surely  such  a  saving  should  compel 
the  attention  of  every  thoughtful  farmer,  especially 
when  this  grower  says  that  his  orchards  are  in  better 
health  and  more  productive  than  when  he  used  other 
fertilizers.  The  use  of  vetch  for  improving  the  soil  is 
what  the  writer  thinks  of  as  the  natural  method.  There 
are  many  reasons  for  this  idea,  too  many  to  be  treated 
of  in  this  brief  account.  Mr.  J.  H.  Hale,  the  great 
peach  grower  of  Connecticut,  is  experimenting  with 
this  crop  in  his  peach  orchards  in  Connecticut,  with 
favorable  results  so  far.  Perhaps  it  may  be  found  to 
be  as  useful,  if  not  more  so,  in  northern  orchards,  than 
in  the  case  of  tobacco  and  corn  lands.  No  doubt 
mistakes,  wrong  methods,  and  naturally  unfavorable 
conditions,  will  cause  disappointments  in  some  cases 
where  a  trial  of  this  crop  is  made.  There  is  absolutely 
no  doubt,  however,  that  the  value  of  the  vetch  crop 
as  a  cover  crop  has  now  been  sufficiently  proven,  so 
that  its  use  will  continue  to  grow,  the  more  rapidly  as 
its  merits  are  more  fully  appreciated.  The  root  de¬ 
velopment  is  fine  and  permeates  the  surface  soil  in 
infinite  numbers.  The  tops  and  roots  rot  quickly 
when  plowed  under.  A.  d.  shamee. 

U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


TRUTH  ABOUT  “BACK  TO  THE  LAND.” 

I  have  wondered  for  some  time  why  you  did  not 
ask  some  of  us  who  have  been  “over  the  road”  to  tell 
our  experience  for  the  benefit  of  those  who  contem¬ 
plate  removing  from  town  to  country.  My  wife  and 
I  have  had  enough  in  the  past  five  years  to  fill  a  big 
book ;  and  no  doubt  there  are  others  also.  At  GO 
years  of  age  my  nerves  warned  me  that  I  must  stop 
the  wear  on  them  or  they  would  knock  me  out.  Our 
resources  were  considerable  courage  and  lots  of 
hope  that  $2,000  and  a  boy  boarder  for  six  years 
would  enable  us  to  squeeze  into  something  on  a  few 
acres  that  would  support  us.  City  people  don’t  want 
to  get  far  from  a  railroad,  etc.,  so  we  found  it  im¬ 
possible  with  our  small  means  to  get  the  acres  with 
buildings  where  we  wanted  it.  Finally  I  got  hold  of 
a  worn-out  piece  of  six  acres  in  a  nice  town,  with 
no  buildings  or  trees,  or  even  grass.  It  cost  $300,  and 
if  I  had  known  what  I  now  know,  that  land  with  no 
humus  in  it  is  no  better  than  a  bare  rock  to  make  a 
living  from  for  several  years,  I  would  have  left  it 
alone.  I  had  been  reading  farm  papers  for  several 


years,  and  thought  I  had  picked  up  enough  of  farm 
lore  so  I  could  make  a  success  of  it.  But  the  papers 
I  read  had  not  taught  me  that  land  without  humus 
is  worthless  until  time  and  money  puts  the  humus 
into  it.  The  worst  of  the  outlook  for  would-be  pur¬ 
chasers  now  is  that  good  land  cannot  be  bought  in 
small  parcels  near  a  town  except  at  a  long  price — 
occasionally. 

For  five  years  we  have  put  all  we  could  save  in 
any  way  into  this  land.  I  notice  now  that  it  has 
need  of  more  liming,  for  clover  looks  sickly,  but  it  is 
much  improved.  As  the  seasons  have  been  dry,  in 
spite  of  all  our  care  and  fertilizing,  crops  have  been 
very  disappointing.  With  almost  nothing  to  sell,  and 
everything  to  buy,  and  our  capital  all  invested,  in 
buildings  which  we  had  to  have,  we  have  had  a 
problem  on  our  hands  every  day  in  the  year.  We 
have  kept  out  of  debt  by  refusing  to  buy  when  we 
did  not  have  the  cash,  and  cutting  ourselves  off  from 
everything  which  social  beings  prize.  We  swallowed 
our  pride  and  told  a  few  city  friends  that  we' could 
get  a  lot  of  good  out  of  garments  they  could  no/: 
appear  in  the  streets  in.  We  bought  our  groceries, 
in  quantities,  and  saved  at  every  possible  turn,  for  the 
taxes  are  $21  per  annum.  I  have  had  to  work  out: 
to  get  teamwork  done,  for  we  have  no  horse.  I  got 
a  cow  at  one  time,  but  found  that  we  could  not  make, 
it  pay,  buying  so  much  of  her  feed.  I  tell  you  the 
land  was  poor  when  you  could  not  grow  enough  to 
feed  a  cow. 

The  summary  is,  we  have  added  five  years  of  hard 
labor  to  our  life  and  learned  a  lot  about  land  and  itsi 
culture,  seeds,  fruits,  bushes  and  trees,  also  no  little 
about  poultry  and  its  losses.  It  makes  me  warm  when 
I  read  “There  is  money  in  poultry,”  because  not  one 
in  one  hundred  can  get  any  money  out  of  them  on  a 
village  lot,  unless  they  can  invest  $1,000  and  have  had 
ten  years  of  experience.  My  health  is  helped,  but  I 
cannot  work  now  as  I  did  the  first  three  years,  and 
my  wife  feels  the  steady  grind.  If  prices  and  our 
health  stay  good  and  the  weather  permits,  we  hope  our 
land  will  now  respond  favorably  this  coming  year,  and 
we  shall  get  on  our  feet.  If  we  get  another  year  like 
the  last,  and  we  lose  our  boarder,  nothing  will  be  left 
us  but  to  sell  out  and  eat  up  the  proceeds,  for  no  one 
will  hire  us,  and  children  we  have  not.  Will  our  place 
bring  us  what  we  have  put  into  it  in  money  ?  I  doubt 
if  it  will.  But  it  may ;  for  it  is  well  located  and  has 
considerable  small  fruits  coming  forward,  and  I  have 
put  in  a  good  deal  of  tile  and  fertility,  and  such  places 
are  very  much  sought.  My  experience  says  that  no 
one  without  up-to-date  knowledge  of  farming  should 
leave  the  city  or  town  for  farm  life  unless  he  has  an 
annuity  of  some  sort;  or  a  lot  of  energy  and  good 
health  which  he  can  sell  to  neighbors  by  the  day,  or  a 
large  bank  account,  or  a  rich  friend  to  put  up  for  him. 

VERITAS. 


PARCELS  POST  IN  GREAT  BRITAIN, 

In  a  recent  issue  you  speak  of  the  benefits  of  parcels 
post  in  England  and  ask  “Why  cannot  we  have  parcels 
post?”  We  can,  and  will  have  it  when  the  people  say 
so  definitely.  I  think  there  is  no  doubt  the  people  of 
England  are  benefited  by  it.  They  also  have  other 
good  things  which  we  do  not  have  in  the  line  of  public 
utilities;  to  wit,  the  telegraphs  owned  and  operated  by 
the  government.  It  is  very  convenient  to  step  into  any 
post  office  in  Great  Britain,  mail  a  letter  or  a  large 
parcel,  deposit  money  in  the  savings  department,  or 
send  a  telegram  anywhere  for  a  small  charge.  Bui: 
there  are  some  things  they  do  not  have.  They  have 
no  express  companies  with  capital  stock  highly  watered 
paying  dividends  on  same,  occasionally  carving  a  melon 
in  the  shape  of  a  stock  dividend  and  then  paying  divi¬ 
dends  on  that  also.  In  this  regard  they  are  much 
behind  their  cousins  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic.  The 
“effete  old  monarchy”  is  a  little  slow,  you  know,  but 
it  is  careful  to  heed  the  voice  of  the  people.  The 
average  Briton  is  a  great  stickler  for  what  lie  believes 
to  be  his  rights,  and  while  he  is  sometimes  slow  get¬ 
ting  them,  yet  his  innate  tenacity  enables  him  to  hold 
on  until  he  gets  what  he  asks  for.  I  think  we  can 
truly  say  that  government  in  Great  Britain  to-day  is 
“by  the  people.”  I  don’t  think  an  express  sompany 
on  the  American  plan  could  live  there  one  day,  and  it 
might  be  hard  for  the  president  of  an  express  company 
to  obtain  a  seat  in  Parliament.  If  he  did,  he  would 
hardly  dare  to  protect  the  interests  of  his  company  as 
against  the  wish  of  the  people  for  a  parcels  post.  There 
seems  to  be  a  fear  with  some  lest  a  parcels  post  should 
encroach  upon  private  interests.  The  sheriff  en¬ 
croaches  upon  private  interests  when  he  arrests  the 
highwayman  and  stops  the  pursuit  of  his  business,  but 
the  people  are  benefited  by  it.  No  company,  express, 
telegraph,  electric,  railroad,  gas,  water  or  any  other 
operated  for  public  utility  should  be  allowed  to  oper¬ 
ate  against  the  public  good.  The  issue  of  stock  and 
the  payment  of  dividends  thereon  should  be  under 
government  control.  john  stout. 

Michigan. 


SHADE  TREES  FOR  PASTURE. 

A  reader  in  Pennsylvania  says  that  the  scale  has  killed 
the  apple  trees,  60  in  number,  which  were  in  his  pasture. 
These  trees  gave  shade  for  his  cattle.  As  they  are  dead 
he  wants  to  plant  new  ones,  but  does  not  want  fruit  trees 
or  nut  trees,  as  he  thinks  they  would  be  too  long  in 
growing.  What  he  wants  is  a  tree  of  yuick  growth  and 
bushy  habit.  What  kind  of  trees  would  you  advise  him 
to  plant  in  that  pasture? 

The  most  practical  tree  for  this  purpose  without 
doubt  is  the  Carolina  poplar.  It  grows  vigorously,  es¬ 
pecially  when  young,  in  about  all  soils  not  too  wet 
for  the  apple,  and  would  likely  afford  shade  much 
earlier  than  the  elm  or  Norway  maple,  though  at  all 
times  it  is  less  attractive  than  these  highly  ornamental 
trees.  The  main  objections  to  the  Carolina  poplar  are 
the  liability  of  damage  from  storms,  owing  to  the 
quick  growth  and  brittle  nature  of  the  wood,  and  the 
rather  shabby  decay  of  the  foliage  in  Autumn.  The 
habit  of  growth  is  naturally  pyramidal  and  capacity 
for  shade  can  greatly  be  increased  by  pruning  out  the 
leaders  after  the  young  trees  have  become  well  estab¬ 
lished.  For  best  results  only  good  nursery-grown 
trees  should  be  set,  and  protection  from  the  browsing 
and  trampling  of  cattle  should  be  afforded  for  some 
years.  w.  v.  f. 

He  will  have  to  take  into  consideration  the  kind  of 
soil,  whether  wet  or  dry,  rich  or  poor.  If  the  soil  is 
fairly  good  and  moist,  probably  the  Carolina  poplar 
will  make  a  little  the  fastest  growth  of  any  tree  he  can 
plant.  The  poplar  has  the  disadvantage  of  being 
somewhat  affected  by  scale,  and  cows  and  horses  are 
very  prone  to  eat  both  leaves  and  bark  of  this  tree. 
If  the  soil  is  fair  the  Catalpa  speciosa  would  prob¬ 
ably  come  next  in  order  of  rapidity  of  growth,  and  is 
not  bothered  by  scale,  and  stock  will  not  bother  the 
leaves  of  this  tree.  There  seems  to  be  something 
very  offensive  to  both  cows  and  horses  in  the  leaves 
and  bark  of  the  Catalpa.  The  Norway  maple  and 
elm  are  both  comparatively  slow-growing  trees,  but 
are  both  fine  trees  when  once  grown.  H.  c.  Rogers. 

Ohio. 

The  poplar  will  of  course  grow  very  rapidly,  most 
so  of  all,  but  when  full  grown  you  have  an  inferior 
wood,  and  it  would  be  foolish  to  neglect  the  advan¬ 
tages  that  would  be  secured  by  planting  such  trees  as 
the  Black  walnut,  Catalpa  and  others  of  this  kind  that 
are  valuable  for  timber.  If  it  is  desirable  some  pop¬ 
lars  may  be  grown,  but  even  then  we  would  urge  a 
mixture  of  these  other  sorts.  The  maple  and  elm 
are  both  good.  The  elm  is  of  course  much  slower  in 
growth.  The  maple  certainly  gives  dense  shade,  and 
the  pasturage  would  be  very  much  reduced  by  such 
trees.  Under  walnut,  grass  grows  clear  up  to  the 

trunk.  J.  p.  PIEESbury. 

Pennsylvania  State  College. 


SHALL  IT  BE  HENS  OR  HOGS? 

I  was  considerably  interested  in  a  note  by  S.  H. 
Burton,  on  page  197,  on  hens  and  hogs,  in  which  he 
tries  to  show  that  hogs  will  make  money,  and  chick¬ 
ens  will  lose  it,  for  beginners.  He  buys  a  sow  for 
$2.50,  keeps  her  a  year,  sells  four  of  her  pigs  for  $20, 
feeding  her  $5  worth  of  corn,  feeding  kitchen  waste, 
green  corn,  and  pasturing  her,  which  he  evidently 
does  not  count  as  worth  anything.  Then  he  tries 
chickens,  pays  $6  for  four  bens  and  rooster,  expends  - 
$40  for  house,  fencing  and  fixtures,  raises  38  pullets 
and  seven  cockerels,  which  he  values  at  $19,  about 
44  cents  each,  feed  costing  $12,  and  claims  to  be  $32 
out  by  first  of  year,  pullets  not  laying  first  of  January. 

It  is  not  the  pullets’  fault  that  they  were  not  hatched 
at  the  proper  time  or  did  not  receive  proper  care,  that 
they  should  not  be  laying  by  first  of  November,  when 
eggs  would  be  worth  considerably  more  than  30  cents 
a  dozen,  but  not  considering  this,  figuring  the  same  as 
Mr.  Burton  figures  his  hogs,  and  granting  no  eggs  by 
first  of  January  (and  by  the  way,  Mr.  Burton  must 
be  an  expert  in  picking  pullets’  eggs  for  hatching,  to 
get  only  seven  cockerels  out  of  45  chickens  raised), 
his  outfit  costs  $40,  interest  on  this  investment  and 
allowance  for  wear  and  tear  would  be  about  $4. 
Feed  cost,  $12.  As  Mr.  Burton  figures,  the  pigs  raised 
were  worth  twice  as  much  each  as  the  sow  when  she 
was  bought.  The  chickens  ought  easily  to  be  worth 
on  an  average  a  dollar  a  head,  or  $45,  and  the  old 
stock  should  be  worth  at  least  $5.  This  leaves  a  profit 
of  $28  according  to  our  way  of  figuring,  and  even  at 
Mr.  Burton’s  estimate  of  the  value  of  stock  raised  he 
is  $3  ahead  on  his  chickens.  I  would  like  to  know 
how  he  figures  out  a  loss  of  $32.  I  have  no  doubt 
that  there  is  good  money  in  raising  pigs,  for  one  who 
knows  the  business,  and  so  is  there  good  money  in 
raising  chickens  under  the  same  circumstances,  and  a 
beginner  has  just  as  good  a  chance  with  one  as  with 
the  other.  There  has  been  just  as  large  a  proportion 
of  failure  in  the  hog  business  as  there  has  been  in 
the  chicken  business.  Mr.  Burton  does  not  expect 
these  pullets  to  lay  over  $2  worth  of  eggs  during 
January,  February  and  March,  with  eggs  at  30  cents 
a  dozen.  If  those  38  pullets  could  not  lay  over  80 
eggs  in  those  three  months,  they  must  be  pretty  poor 
stock,  or  Mr.  Burton  does  not  know  much  about  tak¬ 
ing  care  of  chickens.  I  should  expect  them  to  lay 
around  a  thousand  eggs  in  that  time,  as  pullets  hatched 
so  as  not  to  lay  before  the  first  of  the  year  should 
lay  exceptionally  well  for  the  next  three  months,  and  I 
should  certainly  want  to  know  the  reason  why  if  they 
did  not  come  up  to  that  figure.  j.  e.  willmarth. 

New  York. 


1911 


'"'THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


30  r 


THOSE  $9  JERSEY  HENS. 

The  Original  House. 

The  original  house  was  made  40x15  on  the  ground. 
First  there  were  posts  set  (we  used  cedar)  deep 
enough  to  extend  below  the  frost  line ;  they  were  put 
eight  feet  apart,  and  extend  one  foot  above  ground. 
On  top  of  the  posts  4x4  sill  was  laid.  The  studding 
are  2x3  pine,  16  inches  apart,  and  six  feet  long.  The 
plate  was  2x4  pine  and  spiked  to  each  studding.  The 
back  and  front  are  both  six  feet  high.  The  back  is 
made  of  one-half  inch  siding  with  sheathing  paper  be¬ 
tween,  making  it  double.  It  is  thus  air¬ 
tight,  and  leaves  no  draughts.  The 
front  is  made  of  wire  netting,  best  of 
one-inch  mesh.  On  each  post  there  is 
an  upright  placed  under  the  plate  which 
leaves  the  front  looking  exactly  like  an 
old  meeting-house  shed.  The  wire  net¬ 
ting  is  put  on  before  the  face  boards, 
the  tighter  the  better.  The  rafters  are 
2x4,  16  inches  apart,  and  shingle  strips, 
covered  with  shingles  for  the  roof.  The 
roof  has  what  carpenters  call  the  8x12 
pitch. 

The  inside  of  house  is  made  just  as 
convenient  as  we  were  able  to  make  it. 

There  is  one  partition,  making  two  sec¬ 
tions  of  the  house;  one  24  feet,  and  the 
other  16  feet  long.  We  divided  it  in 
such  manner  that  yards  being  made  to 
correspond  with  the  pens  in  the  house, 
would  bring  the  division  fences  between 
the  rows  of  apple  trees,  as  the  house  is  in 
an  orchard.  The  partition  is  made  tight, 
of  matched  lumber  for  five  feet  from 
the  back,  and  even  with  the  plate.  That 
prevents  draught  on  the  hens  while  on 
the  roost.  The  door  is  next  to  this  tight 
partition,  and  is  made  of  two-inch  wire 
netting  like  the  rest  of  the  partition. 

The  bottom  is  made  16  inches  above  and 
16  inches  below  ground  of  dressed  lum¬ 
ber,  with  wire  netting  from  that  to  the 
roof.  We  found  that  a  double  roost  was 
more  convenient  to  work  about  than  a 
triple  roost,  so  adopted  that  style.  The 
droppings  board  is  42  inches  wide  and 
rests  on  braces  fastened  to  the  back  of 
house.  Underneath  the  droppings  board 
there  are  charcoal,  grit  and  oyster-shell 
hoppers,  with  hopper  for  beef  scrap 
hanging  on  the  partition.  Under  each 
end  of  the  droppings  board  is  a  nest  box 
with  four  nests,  which  reaches  from  the 
back  of  house  to  even  with  the  door  in 
the  partition,  which  makes  it  five  feet 
long,  and  it  is  17  inches  high  by  16  wide. 

That  is  on  rollers,  on  a  frame  just  high 
enough  from  the  ground  to  permit  of 
easy  entrance  under  the  droppings  board. 

About  the  middle  of  the  droppings 
board,  and  hanging  to  it,  exactly  like  a 
money  drawer  under  a  counter,  is  a  wire 
coop  with  a  slat  bottom,  that  is  used 
to  break  up  hens  which  want  to  sit 
when  we  don’t  want  them  to  do  so.  The 
convenience  of  that  arrangement  can 
never  be  really  appreciated  until  used. 

Forty-eight  hours’  confinement  in  that 
usually  does  the  job.  On  the  side  of  that 
coop  there  is  a  feed  trough  so  made  that 
it  can  be  filled  from  the  outside,  and 
has  compartments  for  water,  grit,  oyster 
shell  and  feed.  Some  persons  claim  that 
confinement  should  be  on  short  rations, 
or  none  at  all,  but  it  appears  to  me  that 
by  doing  so  you  really  work  against  your 
own  interest,  as  it  will  take  as  many  days 
to  build  up  the  hen  as  it  took  to  starve 
her,  but  if  she  is  kept  rightly  fed  she 
will  have  to  lay  in  short  time.  On  the 
floor  is  a  box  with  slats  across  it  which 
always  contains  bran,  and  near  that  is 
the  water  trough.  Having  used  that 
house  for  three  years,  I  will  say  that  I 
think  it  nearly  impossible  to  improve  on 
the  principle ;  I  have  few  minor  internal 
improvements  in  view. 

In  front  of  each  pen  in  the  house  is 
a  yard,  50  feet  long,  and  the  same  width 
as  the  pen.  We  placed  as  many  in  each 
pen  as  will  just  fill  the  roosts  without 
crowding.  In  the  front  of  the  house 
hang  curtains  made  8x6  feet  and 
hung  on  the  plate;  they  are  made  of 
1x3  inch  stuff  and  made  double,  with 
wire  netting  between  it,  and  cotton  mus¬ 
lin  (10  cents  per  yard)  is  put  on  the 
outside  of  that  wire.  The  object  of  that 


arrangement  is  two-fold:  It  strengthens  the  frame  and 
prevents  the  muslin  from  blowing  out,  as  it  is  be¬ 
tween  two  wires  when  closed.  One  wire  is  stationary 
on  front  of  the  house,  and  other  stationary  on  the 
curtain  frame.  During  three  years  I  have  never  had 
to  replace  a  curtain.  I  put  two  small  iron  pulley 
blocks  (1^2  inch  wheel)  on  the  rafters  over  each  cur¬ 
tain,  and  run  clothes-line  through  them  and  fastened 
to  curtain  frame,  and  used  that  to  open  and  close 
the  curtain.  It  runs  so  easily  that  any  woman  can 
work  them.  On  very  cold  or  stormy  days,  the  cur¬ 
tains  may  all  be  left  closed,  but  seldom  need  them 


ROW  OF  COLONY  FIOUSES.  Fig.  103. 


STYLE  OF  BROODERS  USED.  Fig.  104. 


INSIDE  OF  HOUSE.  Fig.  106. 


closed  all  day.  In  fact,  I  can  think  of  but  four  days 
in  three  years.  There  may  be  better  houses,  but  there 
has  been  profit  in  the  poultry  business  from  the 
time  we  began  using  that  style,  and  loss  before  that. 
In  the  immediate  neighborhood  there  are  now  five 
houses  similar,  or  modified  as  near  as  could  be,  which 
were  built  after  seeing  this  one,  and  in  each  one  the 
hens  have  produced  eggs  all  Winter.  There  are  no 
patents  on  the  ideas  used,  so  anyone  can  build  like 
it,  if  he  chooses  to  spend  $3.25  per  running  foot  of 
the  length,  which  will  show  you  it  is  not  cheap;  but 
is  the  cheapest  good  house.  You  will  see  that  by 
putting  60  hens  in  16  feet  length  you 
have  four  square  feet  per  hen;  16x15 
-4-60.  That  is  less  than  one  dollar  per 
head  of  stock,  and  if  anyone  can  do 
cheaper,  for  a  good  house,  they  beat  me. 
I  began  here  with  the  colony  house  sys¬ 
tem,  “but  never  again,”  as  the  other  sys¬ 
tem  beats  it  40  ways.  We  still  use  the 
colony  houses  for  young  stock  after  it  is 
taken  from  the  brooders  until  ready  for 
the  big  house.  I  have  burglar  alarm  in 
the  henhouse,  and  it  paid  for  itself  last 
July,  -as  it  found  visitors  knocking  at 
the  door.  There  is  no  floor  to  this 
house ;  we  merely  drew  sand  and  raised 
up  the  inside  about  six  inches  above  the 
ground  outside  the  house,  thereby  mak¬ 
ing  it  perfectly  dry.  We  use  litter  on 
top  of  that  sand ;  changing  sand  once 
a  year  is  sufficient. 

Fig.  105  shows  house  closed  for  the 
night;  Fig.  106  shows  inside  of  the 
house ;  in  first  section  you  can  see  a 
hen  just  entering  a  nest  under  the  drop¬ 
pings  board,  and  shows  how  near  the 
door  of  the  partition  the  end  of  row 
comes.  The  door  that  shows  so  plainly 
swings  either  way;  two  20-penny  nails 
make  the  hinges.  In  the  second  part 
you  can  see  the  coop  for  breaking  sitting 
hens,  with  three  hens  immediately  over; 
just  beyond  you  can  see  the  nests  drawn 
clear  out,  and  also  see  one  hen  in  the 
first  nest,  and  one  standing  on  top  of 
the  box.  The  nests  are  on  rollers.  The 
white  things  in  upper  left  hand  corner 
you  can  see  are  curtains  hanging.  In 
the  picture  they  look  like  windows.  Fig. 
104  shows  the  style  of  brooders  we  use, 
all  outdoor  brooders,  with  Philo  prin¬ 
ciple  improved  on ;  it  also  shows  the 
wire  runs  we  use  for  little  chicks,  all 
one-inch  mesh.  Addition  to  house  de¬ 
scribed  is  arranged  in  the  same  way.  Fig. 
103  shows  a  row  of  four  colony  houses 
with  some  ducks  on  the  right.  It  also 
shows  the  frame  of  another  addition  to 
present  house. 

Having  made  a  success  of  the  egg 
trade  direct  to  the  consumer,  we  are 
now  trying  to  build  up  trade  for  chickens 
the  same  way;  but  how  we  shall  succeed 
is  to  be  found  out  later,  although  I  see 
no  obstacle  in  the  way — except  the  ex¬ 
press  company.  They  may  let  a  case 
of  dressed  chickens  sit  out  in  the  sun 
a  couple  of  days,  and  may  not.  That 
only  brings  us  back  to  the  old  subject — 
parcels  post.  Whenever  that  comes, 
which  it  surely  will,  then  the  consumer 
and  producer  can  deal  direct,  and  not 
before,  to  any  great  extent.  I  have 
little  fault  to  find  with  the  express  com¬ 
panies  except  their  rates,  which,  to  me, 
seem  unreasonable  in  some  cases.  As 
for  loss  or  breakage,  the  United  States 
deals  best  with  me,  as  they  pay  every 
claim  made  by  me,  with  one  exception, 
and  that  they  claim  I  shipped  broken 
eggs.  They  take  their  own  time  to  set¬ 
tle.  The  rates  seem  large,  as  I  have 
one  customer  for  eggs  from  whom  the 
express  company  gets  one  cent  each  for 
the  eggs.  Think  of  it,  60  cents  for  five 
dozen,  but  he  is  willing  to  pay  the  price, 
so  he  is  no  help  for  parcels  post. 

w.  J.  DOUGAN. 

R.  N.-Y. — Strange  how  every  raiser 
of  high-grade  farm  or  garden  products, 
whether  in  the  line  of  fruit,  general 
truck,  dairy  or  poultry,  is  bound  to  refer 
to  transportation  as  bis  greatest  prob-> 
lem.  Here  near  the  R.  N.-Y.  office  are 
thousands  of  consumers  asking  to  be 
fed ;  there  in  the  open  country  are  toil¬ 
ing  men  and  women  asking  leave  to 
feed  them.  Between  the  two  stand  the 
middlemen,  taking  toll  from  both.  John 
Stout  gives  us  something  to  think  about, 
on  page  306,  especially  in  his  reference 
to  political  activities  of  special  interests. 


30S 


March  11, 


TMK  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Department  of  Agriculture  will  explain 
the  situation : 

As  you  know,  the  name  “Miracle”  is 
used  interchangeably  with  others,  such  as 
“Mummy,”  Sevenheaded,”  “Egyptian,”  etc., 
to  designate  the  group  known  as  Triticum 
compositum.  To  this  group  belongs  also 
the  “Alaska,”  which  nearly  three  years  ago 
was  offered  at  the  exorbitant  price  of  $20 
per  bushel  and  was  pronounced  a  fake.  A 
number  of  years  ago,  however,  a  variety 
of  wheat  called  “Miracle”  was  brought  to 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[Every  Query  must  be  accompanied  by  the  name 
and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure  attention.  Be¬ 
fore  asking  a  question,  please  see  whether  it  is  not 
answered  in  our  advertising  columns.  Ask  only 
a  few  questions  at  one  time.  Put  questions  on  a 
separate  piece  of  paper.] 

FIRE  BLIGHT  AND  HOW  TO  TREAT  IT. 

A.  M.  P.,  Providence,  It.  /. — I  send  you  a 
section  of  one  of  my  Baldwin  apple  trees 

with  the  hope  that  you  may  be  able  to  tell  'our  attention  by  a  Mr.  K.  B.  Stoner,^  of 
me  what  the  trouble  is.  In  my  orchard, 
which  was  planted  two  years  ago,  are  nine 
Baldwins,  seven  of  which  are  affected  more 
or  less  with  the  disease  you  will  note  on 
sample ;  all  other  trees  seem  free  except 
one  B.  I.  Greening  in  next  row.  Trees 
were  sprayed  in  Spring  of  1909  with  soluble 
oil  from  a  knapsack  sprayer,  in  Summ 
with  Bordeaux  and  arsenate  of  lead,  in' 

Winter  1909-10  with  soluble  oil,  and  last 
Spring  with  lime-sulphur.  In  view  of  the 
fact  that  the  trouble  shows  only  where 
first  limbs  were  taken  off,  it  seems  likely 
to  me  that  the  disease  was  carried  from 
tree  to  tree  by  the  nurseryman’s  knife.  I 
would  like  to  save  trees  if  possible,  but  will 
remove  them  if  any  danger  to  other  trees. 

Ans. — The  sample  received  indicates 


Virginia,  who  claimed  to  have  produced  it 
in  a  miraculous  manner,  that  is,  as  the 
result  of  prayer  that  he  might  discover 
or  in  some  way  produce  an  extraordinary 
profitable  wheat;  hence  the  name  “Mir¬ 
acle.”  This  wheat  was  afterwards  cx- 
de  plotted  by  promoters.  This  variety  does 
er  iiot  belong  to  the  group  T.  compositum 
lA'oefore  mentioned,  but  is  closely  related  to 
the  soft  Winter  wheats  of  the  Atlantic 
Coast,  of  which  Fultz,  Fulcaster,  etc.,  are 
leading  types.  From  our  experiments  with 
Mr.  Stoner’s  variety  we  have  found  it  to 
be  satisfactory,  but  particularly  for  the 
region  where  it  was  first  grown ;  it  does 
not  merit  the  extravagant  claims  made  for 
it.  It  is  a  little  better,  perhaps,  than  the 
varieties  grown  in  Virginia  and  vicinity 
only  because  it  was  a  carefully  selected 
strain.  WM.  A.  Taylor, 

Acting  Chief  of  Bureau. 

There  you  have  the  substance  of  it. 


that  the  chief  disease  affecting  the  trees  . 

.  ,  r  . ..  ,  .  ,  ,  The  gram  offered  at  a  high  figure  may 

has  been  fire  blight,  a  disease  caused  iy  ^  “Alaska”  or  this  other  wheat 

bacteria.  It  is  usually  brought  into  an  which  as  we  see  is  a  good  variety,  but  not 
orchard  either  by  insects  or  by  infected  up  to  the  extravagant  claims  made  for  it. 
nursery  stock.  The  usual  method  of  get-  Of  course  you  know  oui  advice— let  it 

ting  into  the  larger  limbs  is  by  way  of 
the  sappy  water  sprouts,  which  are  es¬ 
pecially  susceptible  to  attack,  and  for  this 
reason  they  should  be  kept  rubbed  off 
as  thoroughly  as  possible  if  blight  is 
present  in  the  orchard.  The  disease  is 


alone  or  buy  a  small  quantity  and  test 
it.  Do  not  plunge  on  any  such  claims. 


Seed  Potatoes  and  Scab. 


Will  you  tell  me  what  is  the  matter  with 
the  soil  in  my  garden?  The  potatoes  are 
covered  with  a  scab,  a  regular  network 
over  them,  as  well  as  the  beets,  in  the 

also  commonly  transferred  by  pruning  ^be  sanie  garden  and  very  near  the  potatoes 
tools,  as  suspected  by  the  correspondent,  and  beets,  but  are  not  affected  in  the  least. 


This  transfer  is  readily  prevented  by 
sterilizing  the  tools  after  any  cut  into 
infected  wood,  and  also  between  trees 
as  a  further  precaution.  The  steriliza- 


We  find  no  grubs,  and  it  is  not  that  they 
are  grub-eaten  ;  it  just  seems  to  be  a  scab. 
New  York.  G. 

The  potatoes  are  troubled  with  scab — - 
a  skin  disease  which  spreads  through 
germs.  Those  germs  are  carried  on  the 
seed  potatoes  and  also  live  in  the  soil, 
tion  may  be  done  with  the  sublimate  so-  While  they  are  alive  on  the  -seed  and  in 
,  .  i.  ill  t  t  •  c  the  soil,  the  potatoes  are  likely  to  be 

hition  mentioned  below.  Judging  from  scabby.  The  way  to  do  is  to  kill  the  germs 

the  present  sample,  the  blight  is  now  on  the  seed  potatoes  before  planting.  Make 
1  ....  sure  if  we  can  that  they  are  not  in  the 

soil  and  avoid  using  lime  or  wood  ashes 
with  the  potato  crop. 

To  kill  the  germs  on  the  seed  potatoes 
three  plans  are  suggested.  Dry  sulphur 
scattered  on  the  seed  pieces  as  the  potatoes 
are  cut  will  kill  many  of  the  germs,  but 


dead  in  the  cankers  and  has  been  so  for 
some  time.  This  may  be  determined  by 
the  sharp  line  of  division  and  the  crack¬ 
ing  of  the  bark  between  the  dark  sunken 
cankered  areas  and  the  living  bark. 


is  not  so  sure  as  soaking.  This  is  done 
by  taking  one  pint  of  formalin  to  15  gal- 


There  is  present,  however,  some  later  Ions  of  water.'  Enough  of  the  water  to 
r  .  r  .  ^  ,  ,  fill  the  barrel  or  tank  can  be  used  and  a 

fungus  infection  that  has  been  able  to  proper  amount  of  formalin  added  to  it. 

thi-ninrli  rbp  wmmrl  mnserl  hv  the  This  formalin  is  a  liquid  which  readily  dis- 
get  m  through  the  wound  caused  Dy  tne  solves.  The  spcd  may  first  be  rinsed  by 

blight  canker.  This  may  result  in  con-  throwing  water  over  it.  It  can  then  be 
.  ,  ,  ,  ...  £  ,,  ,  ,  •  „  thrown  directly  into  the  liquid  and  put  into 

siderable  rotting  of  the  wood  and  in  any  a  wire  basket  or  bag  and  lowered  down 

event  will  hinder  healing  unless  properly  into  it^  Soak  i^St.110 Yt ' ‘So 

treated.  There  is  no  apparent  need  of  this  soaking  before  the  seed  is  cut  for 

losing  any  of  the  trees,  however,  unless  g£““nSon  aTS  eTop‘  win ‘hi 

they  have  been  too  nearly  girdled  by  cleaner  unless  there  are  germs  in  the  soil. 

J  Another  way  of  treating  the  seed  is  by 

the  cankers.  fumigation.  In  this  method  the  seed  is  put 

TliP  rmtnmirv  treatment  for  hlieht  into  the  fumes  of  formalin  instead  of  being 
I  he  customarj  treatment  ioi  ungru  jn  it.  The  potatoes  are  put  into  a 

cankers  should  be  used  in  this  case,  tight  room  where  the  air  cannot  get  at 

.  .  .  .  ^  them.  For  1,000  cubic  feet  of  space  a 

1  his  consists  in  cutting  out  and  thor-  ]ai.g0  pan  or  earthen  dish  is  prepared. 

ono-hlv  remnvino-  -ill  dead  and  diseased  Twenty-three  ounces  of  permanganate  of 
onghjy  removing  all  (leaci  ana  aiseaseu  potagh  are  put  int0  tbis  dish)  tben  three 

tissue  back  to  sound  living  bark  on  all  pints  of  formalin  are  poured  over  it.  As 

.  ,  ,  -  , _ •  .•  „  soon  as  this  is  done  get  out  of  the  room 

sides,  and  then  sterilizing  and  painting  at  once.  p0  not  breath  the  gas,  but  shut 

the  wound.  The  sterilizing  is  done  with  the  ^or  right 


a  solution  of  corrosive  sublimate  in 
water,  about  one  to  1000.  The  corrosive 
sublimate  can  be  obtained  at  drug  stores 
in  the  form  of  tablets,  one  of  which  in 
a  pint  of  water  gives  a  solution  of  about 
the  proper  strength.  The  paint  may  be 
any  pure  lead  paint  mixed  with  pure 
linseed  oil,  but  should  not  contain  any 
turpentine  or  “dryer,”  as  the  latter  is 
injurious  to  the  living  tissues.  It  should 
be  mixed  thick  enough  so  as  not  to 
run  on  the  trunk,  and  if  white  lead  is 
used,  it  may  be  darkened  with  powdered 
charcoal  or  lamp  black  until  about  the 
same  color  as  the  bark.  j.  p.  stewart. 


What  About  “Miracle  Wheat  ?” 

This  is  part  of  a  circular  on  “Miracle 
Wheat”  sent  us  by  a  southern  man  who 
is  evidently  after  free  advertising.  We 
arc  often  asked  what  this  “miracle”  is. 

As  a  straw  in  the  wind  indicative  of 
on i  thly  plenty  and  the  fruition  of  Biblical 
hopes  to  the  effect  that  the  earth  will  yet 
yj'  Id  its  increase  and  blossom  as  the  rose 
’while  finding  fulfilment  under  the  great 
increase  of  light  on  irrigation  and  horti¬ 
culture,  we  proffer  your  readers  a  prac- 
tioal  experiment  herewith  which  bears  the 
imprint  of  genuineness  and  possibility.  The 
test  was  given  by  a  real  tiller  of  the  soil. 
V’o  merely  quote  a  part  of  the  conversa¬ 
tion  as  follows  : 

The  following  letter  from  the  U.  S. 


will  destroy  the  germs.  This  method  is  suit¬ 
able  if  there  are  many  potatoes  to  be 
planted.  For  a  smaller  lot  soaking  will 
answer. 


FRUIT  TREES  and  PLANTS 

At  prices  that  will  astonish  you.  Send  for  Whole¬ 
sale  Price  List  and  Lithographs.  Several  good 
collections  cheap.  We  have  a  complete  assortment 
in  all  varieties  of  fruit  trees  and  plants.  Special 
Strawberry  Catalog.  Headquarters  for  the  Old- 
Fashioned  Sweet  Cherry.  No  crooked  or  inferior 
stock  sold  at  any  price.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
L’AMORUAUX  NURSERY  CO.,  Schoharie.  N.  Y 


i — 150ACHKS.  Genesee  Valley 
grown.  "Not  the  cheapest,  but 
the  best.”  Never  have  had  San 
Jose  Scale.  Established  1869. 

CDiri?  GEO.  A.  SWEET  NURSERY  CO., 
CATALOG  FREL  20  Maple  St.,  Dansville,  N.  Y. 


TREES 


Hardy  Highland  Nursery  Stock 

Acclimated  to  Northern  climate.  Always  true  to 
label.  No  scale  ever  found  in  our  Nursery.  Send 
forcatalog.  L.M.EMPIE,  Box  A,  Johnstown,  N.Y 


Olympic  Nature  Nursery. 

THE  FOREST  CONSERVATORY. 

Oregon  Grape,  Rhododendron,  Madrona,  Huckle¬ 
berry,  Ferns,  Blackberry,  Salal,  Twin  Flower 
Spirea,  Trillium,  Wild  Lily-of-the-Valley,  Ever 
greens  and  other  Puget  Sound  Plants  and  Flowers 
Special  Mail  Collections— Ten  plants  for  50  cents: 
24  for  $1,  postpaid  in  the  United  States.  Money 
hack  if  not  satisfied.  Make  money  orders  payable 
to  JOEL  SHOMAKER,  Nellita,  Washington. 


McKAY’S  Peach  Trees- 
McKAY’S  Dwarf  Apple  Trees - 


McKAY’S  Acre  Cherry  Orchard,  S15 - 

McKAY’S  Rose  Bushes  on  their  own  roots- 
McKAY’S  Fertilizer  Chemicals - 


MI 


If  your  plans  for  Spring  include  the  planting  of  a  home  or  com¬ 
mercial  orchard,  or  the  beautifying  of  your  home  grounds,  send  for 

The  Stark  Year  Book 

for  1911  Volume  II 


today  (postage  10  cents) — you 
will  find  it  of  inestimable  value; 
a  book  to  be  kept  and  referred 
to  as  you  would  a  dictionary  or 
an  encyclopedia. 

The  Stark  Year  Book  for  1911 
is  a  practical,  testimonialized, 
easy-to-understand  text  book  for 
the  planter  of  fruit  trees  or  other 
products  ot  the  nurseryman.  It 
is  understandable  both  to  the 
experienced  and  the  inexperienced 
alike. 

Within  its  covers  are  31  full- 
page  illustrations  of  fruits  and 
flowers  in  natural  colors,  repre¬ 
senting  165  varieties  and  covering 
apple,  crab  apple,  quince,  pear, 
peach,  apricot,  cherry,  plum, 
grape,  currant,  raspberry,  black¬ 
berry,  mulberry,  dewberry, 
clenV&tis  and  roses.  The  re¬ 
maining  88  pages  are  devoted  to 
descriptions  and  records  of  va¬ 
rieties  and  to  information  on  all 
subjects  directly  related  to  fruit 
growing,  such  as  planting  and 
caring  for  an  orchard,  pruning, 
cultivation,  cover  crops  etc.,  etc. 

Another  New  Book 

“The  Wonderful  Apple  Stark 
Delicious”  is  another  new  book 
(just  off  the  press)  that  you 
should  have.  It  tells  the  wonder¬ 
ful  story  and  record  of  Stark 
Delicious,  the  most  remarkable 
apple  ever  known  to  apple  his¬ 
tory;  it  also  describes,  illustrates 
and  prices  a  goodly .  number  of 
specially  good  things  in  all  classes 
of  fruit  that  you  should  plant  this 

Stark  Bro’s  Nurseries  &  Orchards  Co. 

(22)  Box  35,  Louisiana,  Missouri 


spring.  This  book  sent  free. 

Stark  Trees 

for  86  years  have  been  the 
standard  by  which  all  other  trees 
are  measured.  Stark  Trees  have 
stood  the  supreme  test  of  planting 
for  more  than  3-4  of  a  century— 
on  their  merits  alone  they  have 
made  us  friends  and  customers 
by  thoivsands  in  every  tree-plant¬ 
ing  community  in  the  country. 

Stark  Trees  are  the  kind  of 
trees  that  will  please  you— that 
will  make  you  the  best  and  most 
profitable  orchard.  They  are 
grown  right,  sold  at  fair  prices 
and  do  what  they  are  expected 
to  do — live  and  bear  good  fruit. 

Our  Stock 

for  spring  is  complete,  the  assortment 
unbroken,  the  varieties  the  best  of  the 
best,  including  Stark  Delicious,  Black 
Ben,  &  Stayman  Winesap  apples,  etc., 
Alton,  Krummel  Oct.,  and  the  Elberta 
family  of  peaches;  the  world’s  best 
grapes,  Eclipse,  King  Philip,  Delicious 
and  others.  The  best  of  the  sweet  and 
sour  cherries,  small  fruits,  roses,  orna¬ 
mentals,  shade  trees.,  etc.  Any  variety 
in  any  class  of  stock  that  is  worthy  of 
growing  and  planting  you  will  find  in 
our  stock.  We  have  everything  in  the 
fruit  tree  line  and  the  best  of  the  hardy 
ornamentals. 

Whether  or  not  you  are  ready  to 
place  your  order,  send  for  The  Stark 
Year  Book  for  1911  (postage  10  cents) 
and  “The  Wonderful  Apple  Stark  De¬ 
licious”  ( sent  free) .  You  will  find  much 
in  these  two  books  to  interest  you;  they 
will  help  you  to  a  better  understanding 
of  what  trees  should  be  and  why  Stark 
Trees  are  everything  trees  can  be. 


H 


Seeds,  Plants,  Roses, 


Bulbs,  Vines,  Shrubs, 
etc.  Hundreds  of  car  lots 
Of  FRUIT  and  ORNA¬ 
MENTAL  TREES.  1,200 
acres,  50  in  hardy  Roses, 
none  better  grown.  44 
greenhouses  of  Palms, 
Ferns,  Ficus,  Gerani¬ 
ums  and  other  things  too 
numerous  to  mention. 
Seeds,  Plants,  Bulbs,  Roses,  Small  Trees, 
etc., by  mail,  postpaid.  Safe  arrival  and  satisfac¬ 
tion  guaranteed.  Immense  stock  of  SUPERB 
GANNAS,  the  queen  of  bedding  plants.  Acres 
of  Paeonias  and  other  Perennials.  50  choice 
collections  cheap  In  Seeds,  Plants,  Roses,  etc. 
Elegant  168-page  Catalog  FREE.  Send  for  it 
today  and  see  what  values  we  give  for  your 
money.  Direct  deal  will  secure  you  the  best  at 
first  cost.  57  years.  "°) 

The  Storrs  &  Harrison  Co.,  Box  l59»PainesviIle*0. 


BEAUTIFY  YOUR  HOME 

GROUNDS  WITH  A  PRIVET  HEDGE 

I  will  sell  you  enough  good,  strong,  heavily  rooted 
California  Privet  hedge  plants  to  go  around  -your 
home  grounds,  planted  six  inches  apart,  for  9c  per 
yard,  packed  to  carry  anywhere,  delivered  to  It.  It. 
station  at  Salisbury,  Mil.  Measure  distance  around 
your  grounds,  see  how  little  it  costs  and  send  youa 
order  to  W.  F.  ALLEN,  Salisbury,  Maryland 


Black's  Peach  Trees-1911 

Treec  arp  nnp  nf  rwtr  sncHaltios — we 


$ 


4  .j*  Peach  Trees  are  one  of  our  specialties — wet 
grow  for  quality  and  not  quantity  alone.  Our 
&  t'VrtrfiP  trees,  however,  cost  litt'e,  if  any,  more  than  the 
ordinary  sort — we  employ  no  agents,  but  selJ^ 
*  direct, saving  middleman’s  profits.*  r  i  ■  ■ 

New  bxiklet,  “Springtime  aniVaIll3DIB 
Harvest  for  the  Fruit-grower,”  free.  g  q  q  \r  |g|* 


I 


Joseph  H.  Black,  Son  &  Co 


r  a  a.  wiuvni  w. 

Box  V,  Hightstown,  New  Jersey^  Jg  jjj.  pj-ag 


Sent*  Us  Your  Name 


574 


and  address;  if  you  ntend  buying  vl“«s. 
or  shrubs  for  Spring  plantmg.  "  e  »  11 
V  promptly  mail  you  Free  a  copy  of °l r J*  u, 
ble  book  containing  some  great  bargains  in 
high  grade  nursery  stock.  We  save  you  the 
agent's  commission. 

We  grow  our  own  stock  and  guarantee  1. . 

AT, LEX  I,.  WOOD,  Woodlawn  K«rM‘rl*'> 

Culver  Hoad  KocheMor,  h.  Y. 


Fruit  Trees  at  $6.48  lor  100 

WE  OROW  THE  TREES  WE  SELL,  which 
arc  the  best  known  for  garden  and  or. 

1  chard.  Frevh  dnp,  true  to  name,  no  scale, 
no  risk.  Personal  attention  given  each 
order.  Send  us  a  list  of  yonr  wants  for 
wholesale  prices.  Everybody  write  for 
free  illustrated  catalogue. 

I  APPLE  TREES,  1  McIntosh  and  1 
5  llanana,  sent  postpaid  for  25  cents. 

Maloney  Bros.  &  Wells,  Box  13  Darnsvillc,  N.  Y. 


FRUIT  TREES 


and 


Eldorado  Blackberries,  Strawberry 
Raspberry  Plants.  Catalog  free. 

BARNES  BROS.  NURSERY  CG. 

Box  8,  Yalesville,  Conn. 


FRUIT  TREES 


Our  Proof  to  date  after  years  of  service  is  that 
we  can  save  you  not  only  money,  but  disap¬ 
pointment  when  your  trees  begin  to  fruit. 
This  Proof  will  be  submitted  with  our  new 
catalog — ask  for  it  today.  *  *  *  *  * 
H.  S.  WILEY  &  SON,  Box  122,  Cayuga,  N.  Y, 


NURSERY  STOCK  IN  BARGAIN  LOTS. 


We  ] 
tioi 

the  i 

bargain  . . — - -  .  .  . 

to  name  and  free  from  disease.  Write  for  descriptive  price  list. 


NO.  1,  FOR  $6.00 

100  Elberta  Peach,  2  to  3  feet.  1  yr.  from  bud 
10  Jonathan  Apple,  I  year  2  to  3  feet 


NO.  5,  FOR  $10.00 
10(1  Apple,  select,,  1  year,  3  to  four  feet 
10  Spitzonberg  30  Winesap  10  Rome  Beauty 
20  Winter  Banana  30  Jonathan 


McKAV’S  Agricultural  Lime,  $3  per  ton 

Me  KAY’S  Catalogue  tells  about  them— and  more 
>W.  L.  McKay,  Geneva,  N.  Y.  BoxR. 


NO.  6,  FOR  $16.00 

100  Cherry,  2  year  from  hud,  5  to  0  feet 
80  Early  Richmond  10  Montmorency 

10  Dyehouse 


NO.  4,  FOR  $8.00 

100  Apple,  2  to  3  feet,  first-class,  one  year 
40  Jonathan  40  Rome  Beauty  20  Winesap 

NO.  7,  FOR  $15.00 

50  Kieffer  Pear,  4  to  0  feet  first-class  50  Early  Richmond,  2  year,  4  to  6  feet 

.  .  .  ORDER  ANY"  OF  THE  ABOVE  BY  NUMBER  .  .  . 

NEW  HAVEN  NURSERIES,  NEW  HAVEN,  MISSOURI 


TH  tO  RURAL  NEW -YORKER 


30© 


1911. 

MAKING  BALDWINS  BEAR  EVERY  YEAR. 

The  question  is,  “Is  there  any  way  by 
means  of  fertilizing  or  handling  an  or¬ 
chard,  so  that  the  old  habit  of  apple 
trees  bearing  crops  every  other  year 
may  be  broken  up  and  annual  crops  ob¬ 
tained?”  According  to  my  experience 
it  is  very  uncommon  for  the  same  wood 
on  any  tree  or  part  of  a  tree,  especially 
in  our  old  orchards  on  most  standard 
varieties,  to  produce-  fruit  annually.  At 
the  same  time  it  is  a  fact  that  in  blocks 
of  trees  of  several  acres,  even  of  one 
variety,  crops  of  fruit  are  being  pro¬ 
duced  each  year,  so  that  long  ago  we 
have  forgotten  which  is  the  “off”  year 
and  which  the  year  for  a  full  crop. 
While  these  are  the  general  conditions 
in  the  Hilton  orchards  to-day,  this  was 
not  true  15  or  20  years  ago.  Then  we 
did  not  expect  annual  crops.  About  all 
the  orchards  would  bear  one  year  and 
few  or  none  the  following.  The  cause 
of  this  change  is  very  apparently  due  to 
the  changed  methods  of  handling  the 
orchards. 

Most  of  the  orchards  then  were  in 
grass  and  in  many  of  them  the  grass 
was  removed  for  hay.  If  any  cultiva¬ 
tion  was  given,  the  orchard  would  be 
plowed  late  after  the  farmer  had  fin- 


ONE-IIORSE  LEVELER.  Fig.  107. 

ished  his  sowing  and  planting,  in  June 
or  later,  after  the  trees  were  in  full 
leaf.  It  is  much  better  not  to  plow  an 
orchard,  than  to  plow  it  late.  After 
the  late  plowing  the  orchards  were 
often  not  harrowed  at  all,  and  at  the 
most  but  once  or  twice.  No  spraying 
was  done.  But  little  trimming  was 
given  the  trees.  This  was  about  the 
care  our  orchards  had  when  we  were 
getting  crops  not  oftener  than  every 
other  year.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  we  did 
not  get  crops  as  often  as  once  in  two 
years.  Now  we  expect  and  get,  an¬ 
nual  paying  crops.  What  care  do  our 
orchards  get  now?  During  the  Winter 
and  Spring  the  trees  are  given  a  care¬ 
ful  pruning.  Before  commencing  to 
prune  a  tree,  look  it  carefully  over  and 
see  if  any  large  limbs  need  taking  off. 
Three  main  limbs  are  better  than  more. 
Then  thin  out  the  trees  to  let  in  the  air 
and  sunlight.  Do  not  cut  the  fruit 
spurs  on  the  larger  limbs  as  many  do. 
These  give  you  the  finest  fruit.  Follow 
each  limb,  thinning  out  by  taking  out 
one  branch  and  leaving  the  next.  Bet¬ 
ter  still,  instead  of  cutting  these  smaller 
branches  out  entirely,  cut  them  back  to 
one  or  two  buds  and  these  will  often 
produce  fancy  fruit.  These  may  be  re¬ 
moved  later  if  it  is  necessary.  Do  not 
leave  stubs  to  decay,  but  cut  all  limbs 
close  to  the  trunk. 

In  case  the  orchard  has  been  neglect¬ 
ed,  the  soil  will  probably  be  lacking  in 
humus,  ahd  a  good  covering  of  stable 
manure  put  on  during  the  Winter  or 
early  Spring  will  be  almost  a  necessity. 
Nitrogen  will  most  likely  be  lacking  and 
10  pounds  of  nitrate  of  soda  added  to 
each  tree  in  the  Spring  after  plowing 
will  start  the  growth.  The  plowing  may 
be  done  in  the  late  Fall  or  early  Spring. 
Early  in  the  Spring  the  soil  should  be 
gotten  into  a  garden  condition.  Culti¬ 
vate  once  a  week,  and  after  each  rain 
and  keep  this  up  until  the  first  of  Au¬ 
gust.  Then  sow  some  cover  crop. 
Mammoth  clover  is  a  good  one  here. 

Thorough  spraying  must  be  given.  If 
the  orchard  has  scale,  bud-moth,  or  blis¬ 
ter-mite,  spray  with  lime-sulphur  one  to 
10  before  the  buds  start.  Spray  again 
when  the  buds  show  red,  before  the 
blossoms  come  out,  using  the  solution 
one  to  30  or  40.  Spray  again  after  the 
blossoms  fall  one  to  40  and  add  three 
pounds  of  arsenate  of  lead  to  50  gallons. 
Do  not  drench  the  trees,  but  be  sure  to 
reach  every  bud  with  the  spray.  If  it 
is  rainy  and  cold  after  this,  spray  again 
after  a  couple  of  weeks.  This  will  fin¬ 
ish  the  work  in  that  orchard  for  that 
year  and  you  should  get  a  crop  of  No.  1 
fine  fruit. 

The  work  in  the  orchard  the  follow¬ 
ing  year  will  be  entirely  different.  Do 
not  manure.  Do  not  cultivate.  Mow 
clover  and  leave  it  on  the  ground.  Spray 


a  couple  of  times  to  keep  the  foliage 
clean  and  healthy.  Do  not  expect  many 
apples  this  year.  The  third  year  repeat 
the  work  of  the  first  year.  Cover  the 
orchard  with  manure.  Spray  thor¬ 
oughly  and  trim  again  to  give  plenty  of 
light.  Plow  early  and  cultivate,  culti¬ 
vate,  cultivate.  If  you  have  just  fin¬ 
ished  cultivating  the  orchard  and  a  hard 
shower  conies,  cultivate  again.  Do  not 
let  any  other  work  hinder  your  cultivat¬ 
ing.  If  you  do  not  cultivate  after  a 
rain,  the  wind  will  come  up,  as  it  often 
does,  and  a  crust  will  form  and  evapora¬ 
tion  will  begin  and  you  will  lose  tons 
and  tons  of  water  and  you  may  not  get 
another  rain.  It  is  not  an  easy  matter 
to  change  the  habit  of  an  apple  orchard 
to  bearing  annually  paying  crops.  If 
you  are  not  willing  to  pay  the  price,  do 
not  attempt  it.  Cultivation  liberates 
plant  food,  conserves  moisture,  and 
moisture  we  must  have.  The  year  your 
orchard  is  bearing  you  must  give  it  the 
best  of  care,  for  you  have  to  grow  a 
large  crop  of  apples  and  grow  fruit 
buds  for  the  following  year.  When  the 
trees  are  loaded  with  fruit,  some  thin¬ 
ning  should  be  done.  After  the  June 
crop,  take  off  all  imperfect,  wormy  and 
scabby  fruit  and  thin  to  one  apple  in  a 
cluster.  A  tree  cannot  grow  a  large 
crop  of  small  apples  and  at  the  same 
time  form  buds  for  a  crop  the  follow¬ 
ing  year.  The  western  grower  thins 
his  fruit  and  so  must  we.  The  cost  of 
thinning  an  orchard  that  produced 
1,000  barrels  was  $50,  or  five  cents  per 
barrel.  If  you  follow  this  plan  you  will 
soon  have  an  orchard  giving  you  annu¬ 
ally  paying  crops.  The  Hilton  district, 
four  miles  wide  and  five  or  six  miles 
long,  produces  each  year  a  crop  of  1,000 
carloads,  and  the  annual  variation  is 
comparatively  small.  delos  tenny. 


Size  of  Orchard  Trees. 

What  size  of  trees  would  you  plant,  one 
year,  two  or  three  years?  k. 

Ayer.  Mass. 

We  like  well-grown  yearlings  cut  back  to 
a  whip.  With  such  trees  we  can  shape  the 
head  as  we  want  it.  This  is  a  great  advan¬ 
tage  in  cases  where  the  trees  are  to  be 
grown  for  a  special  purpose.  The  older 
trees  usually  have  the  head  started  in  the 
nursery,  and  this  head  may  or  may  not  suit 
our  purpose. 


- "'l 

The  Taste 

Test— 

Post 


T  oasties 


Have  a  dainty,  sweet  flavour  that 
pleases  the  palate  and  satisfies 
particular  folks. 

The  Fact — 


l  “You  May  Send  Me 

My  ‘National’ 

|  Style  Book” 

t  That  is  the  message  we 
^  are  waiting  for  from  you, 
$  that  we  may  send  you  free 
your  “National”  Style 
yj  Book.  That  is  what  your 
v  ^  book  is  waiting  for — only  a 
/  word  of  welcome  and  your 
sj  name  and  address. 


Copyright,  1911,  by  National  Cloak  and  Suit  Co, 

What  this  “  NATIONAL” 
Style  Book  Means  to  You 

We  have  reserved  one  Style  Book  for  every  reader 
of  this  publication  because  it  is  the  most  interesting 
fashion  book  ever  published— and  also  because  we 
know  you  will  be  delighted  with  your  copy. 

It  shows  224  pages  of  the  new  styles— and  all  are 
offered  at  “National”  prices.  It  illustrates  and 
describes  “National”  Tailored  Suits,  made  to 
measure,  $15  to  $40. 

You  can  make  your  selection  from  all  the  new  suit 
models  and  have  a  suit  designed,  cut,  made,  trimmed 
and  lined  to  your  special  order— actually  and  in  every 
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But  even  more  than  this.  You  haveunlimited  choice 
of  over  300  materials.  And  now  comes  the  wonderful 
part — we  guarantee  the  finished  suit  to  fit  you  and 
please  you  perfectly — we  absolutely  guarantee  your 
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cheerfully,  and  pay  express  charges  both  ways. 

In  writing  for  your  Style  Book,  be  sure  to  state 
whether  you  wish  samples  for  these  “National” 
Made-to-Mcasurc  Tailored  Suits.  Samples  arc  sent 
gladly,  but  only  when  asked  for. 

And  what  shall  we  say  of  the  new  “National” 
Waists — the  most  charming  collection  ever  gathered 
together— and  “National”  Skirts,  America’s  best 
and  most  stylish.  Let  us  give  you  a  brief  index  of 
the  magnificent  showing  of  the  new  styles: 


Waists  .  98  cents  to  $8.98 
Skirts  .  .  $3.98  to  $14.98 
Lingerie  Dresses  .  $4.98 
to  $19.98 

Wash  Dresses,  $3.98  to  $8.98 
Silk  Dresses,  $11.98  to  $22.50 


Hats  .  .  $1.98  to  $14.98 

Misses’  Wash  Dresses  and 
Misses’  Tub  Suits,  $2.98 

to  $9  98 

Misses’  Tailor-Made  Suita, 
$9.98  to  $17.98 


In  fact,  nearly  everything  for  Women,  Misses 
and  Children  is  beautifully  illustrated  in  the 
“NATIONAL”  Style  Book  we  have  reserved 
for  you,  to  be  sent  you  free  if  you  write  for  it. 

The  “NATIONAL”  Policy 

The  NATIONAL ”  prepays  expressage  and 
postage  to  all  parts  of  the  world.  You  may 
return,  at  our  expense,  any  ''NATIONAL” 
garment  not  satisfactory  to  you,  and  we  will 
refund  your  money. 

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No  Agents  or  Branches.  Mail  Orders  Only. 


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310 

SOILING  CROPS  AND  FERTILIZERS. 

N.  8.  A.,  Flemington,  N.  J. — In  planting 
Canada  peas  and  oats  on  an  old  sod,  not 
very  heavy  sod,  would  it  be  any  better  to 
plow  land,  then  drill  peas  very  deep,  and 
drill  oats  light,  rather  than  plowing  under 
the  peas?  Would  they  come  through  the 
sod  all  right?  What  percentage  of  nitrogen 
does  nitrate  of  soda  contain?  Would  com¬ 
mon  dairy  salt  used  in  mixture  of  commer¬ 
cial  fertilizers  take  in  any  way  the  place  of 
nitrate  of  soda,  and  muriate  of  potash? 
What  will  be  the  best  kinds  of  soiling  crops 
to  plant  so  as  to  have  green  crops  to  cut  all 
Summer?  1  wish  to  plant  15  acres  for  this 
purpose  and  think  of  planting  five  acres  of 
Canada  field  peas  and  oats,  two  acres  of 
speltz,  three  acres  of  millet  and  five  acres 
of  Kaffir  corn.  Am  I  on  the  right  track? 

Ans. — We  think  the  peas  will  work  up 
through  the  sod,  but  have  not  seeded 
them  in  this  way.  Will  farmers  who 
have  done  so  tell  us?  Nitrate  of  soda 
contains  about  1G  per  cent  of  nitrogen. 
No,  common  salt  will  not  replace  the 
nitrate  or  the  muriate.  It  contains 
neither  nitrogen  nor  potash.  It  does 
not  supply  plant  food,  but  has  a  chemi¬ 
cal  action  on  the  soil.  Generally,  oats 
and  peas,  Japanese  millet  and  fodder 
corn  will  give  a  good  succession  of  soil¬ 
ing  crops.  We  would  sooner  have  some 
good  local  variety  of  corn  planted  thick¬ 
ly  in  drills  than  Kaffir  corn. 


THE  RURAL  NEW  -YORKER. 


March  11, 


\ 

Buy  Ensilage  Corn  That  Produces 
65  Tons  To  The  Acre 


DOUBLE  SEEDING  WHEAT. 

1  notice  an  inquiry  on  page  34  in  regard 
to  drilling  wheat  both  ways.  1  can  say  that 
l'  have  obtained  large  yields  from  seeding 
both  ways,  much  larger  by  10,  15  and  20 
bushels  more  than  drilling  one  way.  Hut 
first  we  must  take  into  consideration  the 
fertility  of  the  soil ;  second,  the  kind  and 
quality  of  wheat  sown  ;  third  and  most  im¬ 
portant,  is  the  kind  of  a  season,  whether 
open  or  closed  Winter  or  frequent  freezing 
in  Spring.  I  would  say  in  regard  to  A. 
M.  L.’s  inquiry  that  it  is  a  very  diflicult 
thing  to  try  to  give  a  correct  answer,  as 
almost  ef'ery  State  has  a  somewhat  differ¬ 
ent  climate-  or  season.  Rut  if  Pennsylvania 
is  anything  like  New  York  State,  A.  M.  D.’s 
wheat  will  be  all  right,  although  I  never 
sow  only  2%  bushels  to  acre.  In  regard  to 
his  Timothy  seeding  being  poor  I  never 
had  a  better  stand  of  Timothy  in  quantity 
and  quality  than  I  had  in  seeding  both 
ways.  w.  N.  s. 

Pennsylvania. 

On  page  34,  also  122,  the  question  of 
drilling  wheat  both  ways  seems  to  have 
some  advocates.  Why  double  the  seeding  at 
every  cross  section?  Eastern  farmers  who 
came  West  insisted  on  and  practiced  heavy 
seeding  on  both  prairie  and  irrigated  land 
for  a  long  time,  to  thek-  detriment,  and 
some  who  had  .seen  it  practiced  for  two  or 
three  generations  died  real  hard.  We  are 
doing  a  little  better  farming  and  using 
light  seeding,  and  raising  more  grain.  The 
bulk  of  Winter  wheat  sown  per  acre  is  30 
pounds,  in  a  few  cases  a  little  more  and 
some  less ;  oats  25  to  40  pounds  per  acre. 
This  last  weighs  4<»  to  48  pounds  per 
bushel.  As  our  rainfall  is  only  1!)  inches. 
Winter  wheat  is  our  best  crop,  and  by  ex¬ 
cessive  cultivation  wheat  sown  in  August 
will  make  a  good  crop  in  very  dry  seasons. 
This  last  season  was  very  dry.  Spring 
grain,  while  not  an  entire  failure  was  no 
success ;  still  Winter  wheat  yielded  25  to 
35  bushels,  one  case  near  here  over  40 
bushels  on  a  40-aere  tract.  This  may  have 
had  a  little  advantage  in  local  showers ; 
still  cultivation  and  conservation  of  mois¬ 
ture  was  the  real  cause.  A  year  ago  was 
more  than  an  average  season,  and  the  aver¬ 
age  on  well-farmed  prairie,  was  over  40 
bushels  per  acre  over  thousands  of  acres  in 
the  .1  udith  Basin.  At  a  branch  experiment 
station  three  plots  under  different  cultiva¬ 
tion  showed  yields  respectively  of  50,  56 
and  60 Mi  bushels  per  acre,  and  there  were 
a  number  of  cases  where  oats  were  better 
than  80  bushels  per  acre.  This  generally 
was  on  land  that  a  few  years  ago  was  con¬ 
sidered  worthless,  only  for  grazing.  This 
of  course  is  done  by  excessive  cultivation 
and  the  plots  above  mentioned  were  side  by 
side,  but  difference  was  amount  of  culti¬ 
vation  after  breaking  sod  before  seeding 
and  harrowing  the  grain  in  Spring.  Grain 
is  very  often  harrowed  after  it  is  a  foot 
high  ;  'commence  to  harrow  when  it  starts 
in  Spring  and  harrow  after  every  rain.  This 
cuts  out  the  small  weeds,  stops  grass  from 
leaching  the  moisture  and  forms  a  dust 
mulch  to  retain  moisture.  This  is  done 
with  light  wood  harrows  from  18  to  32 
feet  wide,  four  or  six  horses  abreast ;  har¬ 
row  35  to  70  acres  a  day.  This  surely 
looked  wicked  to  me  at  first ;  but  I  would 
like  to  see  some  of  our  progressive  brothers 
cast  try  even  on  small  plots  light,  medium 
and  heavy  seeding  side  by  side,  and  harrow 
half  of  field  once,  say  a  quarter  twice,  and 
a  little  until  it  was  a  foot  high  or  more,  to 
see  how  much  damage  it  would  really  do, 
for  1  feel  that  this  is  the  way  they  would 
put  it  (I  did).  Those  results  are  made 
without  fertilizer  or  manure.  We  have  the 
soil,  but  what  is  needed  is  to  retain  all 
moisture  possible.  !'•  H- 

Montana. 

The  universal  custom  hereabouts  is  to 
drill  the  wheat  but  one  way,  but  I  think 
0.  1).  B.,  on  page  122,  is  quite  wrong  in 
his  position  that  “In  cross  drilling  a  double 
amount  of  seed  is  sown  at  the  intersection 
of  the  drill  rows.”  Is  it  not  plain  enough 
that  there  is  just  the  same  amount  of  seed 
sown,  and  the  same  room  for  growth  of 
the  plants  at  the  intersections,  when  one 
bushel  is  drilled  each  way  as  there  is  in 
the  continuous  row  when  two  bushels  are 
drilled  the  one  way?  1  am  unable  to  see 
it  otherwise.  J-  R-  s- 

Glenshaw,  Fa. 


That's  Eureka  Ensilage  Corn — the  pedigree  seed  corn  that 
grows  tallest,  bears  the  most  leaves,  the  largest  number  of  ears — 
nutritious  ears,  the  kind  that  cows  thrive  on  during  the  winter,  the 
kind  that  shows  the  biggest  profits  at  the  milk  pail. 

Eureka  Ensilage  Corn  has  a  25  year  reputation  for  producing 
bumper  crops — it’s  better  this  year  than  it  has  ever  been — 22  feet  high 
stalks  won’t  surprise  us  this  season. 

Plant  Eureka  this  time — pack  your 
silos  to  the  brim,  save  grain  next 
winter  when  grain  prices  jump  up. 


EUREKA 

ENSILAGE 

CORN 

850.00  GOLD  PRIZE  T°  show  o„r  faith 
FOR  HEAVIEST  YIELD  lage  Com  we  offer 

$50.00  in  Gold  for  the  heaviest  yield  of 
Ensilage  Corn  produced  from  one  acre  this 
season.  Remember  we  sell  this  seed — have 
done  so  for  years.  You  want  to  buy  your  seed 
early  or  you  won’t  be  able  to  buy  it  at  all, 
because  the  supply  is  limited,  and  orders  are 
coming  in  fast.  Contest  closes  October  12, 
1911.  Read  these  testimonials — then  write 
for  big  free  catalog  and  prices. 


PROOF 


Though  a  poor  corn  year  in  t his  sec¬ 
tion,  we  got  simply  an  immense  yield 
from  your  Eureka  seed.  Never  saw  such 
corn  raised ,  great  big  ears  and  a  great 
height.  Reserve  some  for  me  next  sea¬ 
son.  Geo.  E.  Peer. 

Chili  Station ,  N.  Y. 

Every  man  'round  here  who  sowed 
Eureka  has  good  corn.  I  have  about  20 
acres ,  believe  it  will  go  18  ft.  this  tall 
sure.  M.  J.  Peck. 

Cortland ,  N.  Y. 

Your  Eureka  Ensilage  Corn  is  almost 
beyond  recommendation ,  it  is  a  wonder 
in  itself.  Prom  3%.  acres  /  filled  my 
16x24  Silo.  F.  E.  Bentley. 

Goshen ,  Conn. 

Please  send  enough  Eureka  Ensilage 
Corn  to  plant  25  acres.  Had  splendid 
success  with  this  corn  last  season. 

Kingston.  N.  Y.  H.  R.  Brigham. 

Last  spring  I  sent  for  3  bushels 
Eureka  and  planted  7  acres.  Ensilage 
will  produce  more  milk  pound  foi*pound. 
We  had  stalks  16  ft.  high,  used  no  com¬ 
mercial  fertilizer.  Will  want  more  in 
1911.  F.  B.  Martin. 

Barre,  VI. 

/  purchased  some  Eureka  seed  corn  last 
spring.  It  was  the  tallest  and  largest 
corn  ever  grown  round  here,  16  ft,  in 
height.  Will  want  more.  Send  prices. 

Port  Howard,  N.  Y.  Ar.  G.  Ellis. 


SHEFFIELD 


WORLD’S 

PRIZE 


FLINT  CORN 


A  new  world's  record  established— 1238io  bushels  of  “crib-dry”  shelled  corn 
to  the  acre.  Read  that  again — grasp  the  figures.  Sheffield  Flint  pulled  off  the 
first— only  first— prize  at  the  New  England 
Corn  Exposition  in  a  trot.  Out-distanced 
nearest  exhibitor  by  20  bushels.  Don’t  be 
deceived.  Mr.  Harry  S.  Chapin,  of 
Sheffield,  Mass.,  won  the  first  prize  and 
only  first  prize,  and  we  have  secured  the 
entire  portion  of  his  crop  suitable  for  seed. 

Read  his  letter. 


§10.00  GOLD  PRIZE 
FOR  BEST  TEN  EARS 


READ  THIS 


TO® 


After  Mr.  Ross  had  looked  over  my 
crop  of  Sheffield  World's  Prize  Flint 
Corn  that  won  first  prize  at  the  New 
England  Corn  Exposition  last  month 
on  the  acre  contest,  f  concluded  to  accept 
his  offer  for  my  entire  crop  for  seed  pur¬ 
poses.  Harry  S.  Chapin. 


This  prize  we 
offer  for  the  best 

_  10  ears  of  Sheffield  Com  grown  this  season.  Full 

particulars  in  our  big  New  Catalog  giving  prices  of  these  two  and  other  prize 
winning  varieties  mailed  free. 

Get  Our  New,  Big  Catalogue— WRITE  TODAY 

ROSS  BROS.  CO.,  67  Front  St.,  Worcester,  Mass. 


FOTTLER,  FISKE,  RAWSQN  Co. 


OUR  SPECIALTY 

OF  THE  HIGHEST  GRADE 
_ _ _  for  the  MARKET  GARDENER 

We  cannot  say  more  for  the  SEEDS  only  “The  Highest  Grade. 

Our  Garden  Manual  is  made  up  for  the  buyer  who  wants  “The  Highest 
Grade  Seeds.”  Let  us  mail  you  one  and  you  be  the  judge. 

It  is  useful  as  a  reference  even  if  you  do  not  buy.  Just  mail  us  a  postal, 

we’ll  do  the  rest.  


SEEDS 


Fottler,  Fiske,  Rawson  Co.  A^fscf 26  S.  Market  St.  Boston 


ALFALFA 


All  Northern  crown,  guaranteed  to  be  99  percent) 
pure  and  free  from  dodder.  Write  for  free  sample 
on  which  we  invite  you  to  get  Government  tests. 
This  seed  should  produce  hay  at  $60  per  acrej  an¬ 
nually.  Free  instructions  on  growing. 

GRAIN  AND  GRASS  SEED 


Northern  grown  and  of  .strongest  vitality.  Wo 
handle  export  grade  only  and  can  furnish  grass 
mixture  suitable  for  any  soils. 

Wing’s  Mikado, Sable 
and  Mongo!  are  the 
heaviest  known  yield- 
ers.  Are  all  our  own 
new  varieties  obtainable  from  ns  only.  Mikado 
has  record  of  37  bu.  per  acre.  Will  grow  on  poor 
Boil  and  greatly  improve  it.  Write  today  for  catalog. 

WING  SEED  CO.,  Box  333  Mechanicsburg,  O. 


SOY  BEANS 


.The  Thompson-Breese 

•  m  TfeU  Handled  by  One  Man— 

/l  111 AhMn  A1A7  Does  Work  of  6  Men 

X  m  U.  Ivf  A  i Vr  W  W  and  12  Horses — Easily 

One  man  plows  10  to  12  acres  a  day,  any  depth  from  1  to  10  inches.  Plows 
absolutely  uniform,  no  matter  how  uneven  the  ground.  Right  driving 
wheel  17  inches  ahead  of  left  wheel  makes  outfit  ride  over  gullies  or 
furrows  without  jolts.  Three  14-inch  plows  hung  under  the  frame 
forward  of  operator’s  seat — work  always  in  sight.  Right  wheels 
track  in  furrow,  practically  no  steering  needed  after  first  furrow. 

Touching  foot  lever  operates  power  lifting  device  for  raising  and 
lowering  plows  while  machine  is  in  motion.  Double  opposed  engine, 

7-inch  bore,  10-inch  stroke — more  than  30  horse  power.  Weight 
only  8900  pounds  with  plows  and  water  tanks  and  gasoline  tank  filled. 

Plow  hitch  from  front  of  machine,  giving  same  pull  as  horse  hitch.  High 
grade  transmission  and  differential,  three  speeds  forward  and  one  reverse 
— just  like  best  automobiles.  Not  an  experiment,  but  a  real,  proved,  prac¬ 
tical  Auto-Plow,  guaranteed  unconditionally  to  do  satisfactory  work.  An 
all  around  power  outfit,  not  only  for  plowing,  but  for  harrowing,  seeding, 
cutting  grain,  threshing  it  and  hauling  it  to  market.  Also  best  belt 
power  for  all  farm  machinery.  An  all  round  complete  power  outfit. 


WRITE  FOR  FREE  CATALOG 

giving  full  description,  with  prices  and  terms 

THOMPSON-BREESE  COMPANY, 
Department  109  Wapakoneta,  Ohio 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  N’EW-YORKER 


Sll 


AMERICAN  POMOLOGICAL  MEETING. 

Pakt  I. 

The  thirty-second  biennial  meeting  of 
this  time-honored  and  stable  society,  which 
is  composed  of  the  best  pomologieal  talent 
to  be  found  in  all  of  North  America  and 
the  adjacent  islands,  was  held  at  Tampa, 
Fla.,  February  10-11  of  this  year.  There 
were  representatives  from  the  Atlantic  to 
the  Pacific  States,  and  from  Canada  to 
Cuba.  It  was  a  most  lovely  and  fitting 
place  to  hold  a  meeting  of  such  a  body, 
surrounded  as  the  place  was  by  waving 

palms  and  orange  and  pomelo  orchards  on 
every  side.  Several  excursions  into  the 
orchards  were  made,  and  one  in  particular 
was  very  enjoyable,  which  was  across 
2amPa  Bay  by  boat,  by  the  courtesy  of 
the  Tampa  Board  of  Trade,  to  Manatee 
County,  and  into  the  orchards  by  auto 
from  Bradcntown,  by  the  kindness  of  the 
people  of  that  beautiful  place.  All  the  vis¬ 
itors,  over  one  hundred  in  number,  were 
allowed  to  gather  oranges  from  the  trees  at 
will,  which  was  a  rare  treat,  indeed,  to 
many  who  had  never  had  that  privilege 
before.  It  was  in  great  contrast  to  the 
cold  and  stormy  conditions  in  the  North  at 
this  time.  The  famous  Atwood  pomelo 
orchard  was  also  visited,  where  there  are 
2,>0  acres  of  this  fruit  in  bearing.  It  is 
the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the  world  and 
is  a  model  of  neatness  and  thrift.  The  an¬ 
nual  output  was  said  to  be  about  $200,000. 

There  was  a  very  fine  display  of  fruit  in 
connection  with  the  meeting.  There  were 
many  Citrus  fruits  from  various  sections  of 
Florida,  and  a  few  other  species  of  the 
more  tender  kinds.  Among  them  were  a 
few  young  cocoanuts  from  Miami,  Fla.,  and 
guavas,  sapodillas,  tamarinds,  and  other 
really  tropical  fruits.  There  were  a  few 
specimens  of  American-grown  dates  from 
the  government  garden  near  Tempo,  Ariz., 
One  variety  is  known  as  Doglet  Beida,  and 
is  one  of  the  very  dry  or  hard  class  that 
was  introduced  from  the  Sahara,  and  is 
much  prized  by.  the  natives  of  that  country. 
A  large  collection  of  Persian  walnuts  was 
shown  by  the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture,  most  of  them  coming  from  the 
Pacific  coast.  There  were  fine  displays  of 
apples  from  Virginia  and  North  Carolina, 
and  strawberries  from  Florida. 

The  range  of  topics  covered  by  the  vari¬ 
ous  papers  and  discussions  covered  about 
the  whole  field  of  pomology.  The  first  one 
considered  was  “Mango  Culture  in  Florida.” 
There  were  two  papers,  one  by  Prof.  P.  II. 
Rolfs,  director  of  the  Florida  Experiment 
Station,  and  the  other  by  John  B.  Beach  of 
Palm  Beach,  Fla.  The  culture  of  this  trop¬ 
ical  fruit  of  the  East  Indies  is  in  its  in¬ 
fancy  in  the  Western  Hemisphere,  and  while 
a  large  number  of  the  choicest  varieties 
in  the  world  have  been  introduced  there 
are  but  a  few  young  bearing  trees,  and 
therefore,  little  can  be  known  of  their  be¬ 
havior  and  adaptability.  But  the  promise 
is  good  and  the  high  price  of  the  fruit  in 
the  fancy  market,  combined  with  its  delici¬ 
ous  flavor  and  value  as  a  food,  is  sure  to 
make  it  profitable.  The  section  of  the 
United  States  where  the  mango  can  be 
grown  is  very  limited,  only  the  very  ex¬ 
treme  southern  end  of  Florida  being'  free 
enough  from  frost  to  permit  the  growth  of 
the  trees.  There  they  flourish  well  and 
are  strong  and  vigorous  in  growth.  The 
habit  and  form  of  the  tree  is  very  striking 
and  pleasing.  It  is  now  only  a  matter  of 
learning  the  facts  about  the  best  varieties 
to  grow  and  the  most  successful  methods 
of  their  propagation  to  place  American 
mango  culture  on  a  firm  basis.  The  old 
method  of  propagating  the  varieties  by 
inarching,  copied  from  India,  is  found  to  be 
very  good,  and  we  have  also  learned  how 
to  bud  this  tree  successfully.  In  Cuba  and 
Porto  Rico  the  planting  of  the  choice  man¬ 
goes  has  been  started  with  good  prospects 
of  success. 

“Phases  of  Cuban  Citrus  Culture”  was 
the  topic  discussed  verv  pleasantlv  and 
instructively  by  II.  C.  Ilendricksen  of  that 
country  by  a  lantern  slide  talk.  There  are 
many  modern  orange  and  pomelo  orchards 
planted  in  Cuba  and  some  of  them  are  pro¬ 
ducing  good  fruit  in  abundance. 

“Persimmon  Culture  in  America”  was 
discussed  in  a  very  thorough  manner  by 
Prof.  II.  II.  Hume  of  Florida,  giving  nu¬ 
merous  illustrations  from  lantern  slides. 
The  Japanese  species,  Diospyros  kaki,  was 
stated  to  be  far  the  most  valuable,  because 
of  its  large  and  delicious  fruit  and  the 
early  and  heavy  bearing  of  the  trees. 
However,  there  are  some  difficulties  in  the 
way.  The  trees  are  not  hardy  north  of  the 
cotton  growing  area  and  not  entirely  so  all 
over  it.  The  blossoms  are  usually  pistillate 
and  require  pollinating  to  cause  fruitage. 
This  must  be  done  by  inter-planting  male 
blooming  trees  or  grafting  scions  of  the 
same  into  the  bearing  trees.  There  has 
been  very  little  done  in  introducing  the 
Chinese  persimmons,  which  are  large  and 
very  good.  But  the  acridity  of  the  fruit 
of  all  the  varieties  of  the  Asiatic  species  is 
an  objection  to  its  sale  on  the  general 
market.  There  has  been  a  way  found  to 
treat  the  fruit  by  putting  it  in  air-tight 
jars  and  turning  in  a  gas  that  will  soon 
cause  a  chemical  action  that  entirely 
changes  the  tannic  acid  and  sweetness  re¬ 
sults.  The  culture  of  our  American  species 
of  persimmon  is  yet  but  little  beyond  the 
experimental  stage,  although  there  have 
been  some  very  good  varieties  selected  from 
the  many  wild  ones.  Some  of  these  have 
been  named  and  propagated  by  grafting. 
The  eastern  American  species  and  the 


Manchurian  make  the  best  and  most  vigor¬ 
ous  stocks  upon  which  to  work  all  the 
varieties. 

“Citruo  Culture  in  Texas”  was  treated  in 
a  very  plain  and  enthusiastic  manner  by 
R.  II.  Bushway  of  that  State.  He  stated 
that  there  were  millions  of  acres  of  land 
in  Southern  Texas  that  could  be  devoted 
to  Citrus  fruits  of  the  hardier  types.  At 
the  present  time  the  Unshiu  or  Satsuma 
orange  of  Trifoliata  stock  is  about  the 
only  variety  grown,  although  some  of  the 
common  oranges  and  the  pomelo  arc  grown 
to  a  limited  extent. 

"Rotundi  folia  Grapes."  by  Prof.  R.  C. 
Rcimer  of  North  Carolina,  was  a  most  in¬ 
teresting  topic,  especially  for  those  who 
live  and  plant  grapes  in  the  Southern 
States.  It  is  a  native  species  of  the  region 
from  Virginia  to  Louisiana,  the  fruit  is 
entirely  free  from  rot  and  the  vine  is  not 
affected  by  fungus  diseases.  The  plants 
grow  most  freely  with  almost  no  attention 
beyond  a  support  for  the  vines,  and  the 
fruit  is  borne  in  the  greatest  abundance. 
Ilia  grapes  are  relished  in  the  fresh  state 
by  those  who  become  used  to  them,  and 
they  can  be  made  into  wine  and  many 
culinary  preparations.  The  berries  are  of 
large  size  and  the  clusters  very  small,  but 
as  the  skin  is  very  tough  and  the  fruit 
parts  very  easily  from  the  stem  it  is  often 
gathered  by  shaking  onto  sheets,  which 
seems  a  very  strange  way  to  gather  grapes, 
although  it  is  entirely  practical  and  cheap. 
Ihcre  have  been  hybrids  made  between  this 
species  and  the  other  cultivated  ones  by 
I  rof.  T.  t .  Munson  of  Texas,  and  some  of 
them  are  of  the  most  valuable  character, 
the  bunches  and  berries  both  being  of  good 
size  and  excellent  in  flavor.  It  is  neces- 
s&vy  to. plant  male  flowering  vines,  occasion¬ 
ally,  with  all  the  Rotundifolia  varieties  to 
pollinate  their  flowers  and  cause  fruitful¬ 
ness,  because  the  latter  are  nearly  always 
lacking  in  pollen.  It  was  claimed  by  Pro¬ 
fessor  Reimer  that  the  Scuppernong  was  the 
first  of  all.  our  native  grapes  to  be  brought 
under  cultivation,  as  it  is  known  to  have 
been  done  early  as  the  eighteenth  century. 

“Secondary  Crops  in  -the  Orchard"  was 
discussed  in  an  able  but  short  paper  by 
Horace  Roberts  of  New  Jersey.  He  told 
us  of  the  great  and  prime  need  of  caring 
for  the  orchard  trees  first  of  alT.  What¬ 
ever  vegetable  or  farm  crops  that  can  be 
grown  in  the  orchard  without  injury  to  the 
trees,  during  their  earlier  years,  is  all 
right,  but  not  much  should  bo  allowed 
later.  The  whole  strength  of  the  soil 
should  go  into  the  orchard  trees  and  the 
fruit  they  bear.  This  was  the  burden  of 
Mr.  Roberts’  message.  No  removal  of  other 
crops  should  be  allowed  when  the  trees  are 
at  bearing  age.  H.  E.  Van  Deman. 


This  Work  Shoe 
Wears  Like 
the  Hoofs  of 
a  Horse 

The  Haskin- 
Granger  Shoe 
is  strictly  a 
work  shoe  for 
farmers. 

The  uppers 
are  made  of  the  stoutest  leathers 
known  to  shoemakers,  genuine 
French  Kip,  oil-tanned  moose,  calf, 
etc.  The  outsoles  are  of  specially 
selected,  hemlock-tanned  steer’s 
hide,  pegged  to  equally  solid  leather 
insoles.  We  purposely  avoid  sewing 
on  our  soles.  The  best  linen  thread  in 
the  world  will  not  withstand  the  wet 
rotting  of  stable  refuse  and  manure. 
We  use.  brass  standard  screws  and 
old-fashioned  maple  pegs  that  shrink 
and  swell  with  the  leather  and 
always  keep  a  water-tight  bottom. 

The 

Haskin-Granger 

Shoe 


is  not  to  be  confused  with  the  ordi¬ 
nary  mail  order  shoe.  The  Haskin- 
Granger  shoe  is  made  in  our  own 
factory  under  expert  supervision. 

We  are  making  the  most  sensible 
and  serviceable  farm  shoe  in  the 
world.  We  are  selling  direct  to  the 
farmer  and  eliminating  all  middle 
profits.  We  stand  back  of  every  shoe 
we  make  and  guarantee  perfect  sat¬ 
isfaction  or  money  refunded. 

Write  Dept.  A  for  illustrations  of 
leading  styles  with  full  descriptions 
and  prices. 


For  our  responsibility  refer  to  the 
Citizen's  Trust  Co., 
Utica,  N.  Y.,  or  any 
bank  in  Utica. 

The  Haskin  Shoe 
Mfg.  Company 

Stittville 
Kf'.w  York 


FARMERS  are  delighted  to  find  in  this  great  motor  car  many  of  the  feat¬ 
ures  of  motor  cars  that  cost  up  to  $4000.  We  have  spent  years  in  de¬ 
veloping  the  Abbott-Detroit  until  now  it  is  the  one  perfectly  standardized 
motor  car  in  the  world  selling  at  $1500.  By  this  we  mean  to  emphasize  that 
every  part,  every  detail  has  been  scrutinized  and  brought  to  a  stage  of  perfec¬ 
tion  where  we  find  it  impossible  to  improve.  For  these  reasons  you  get  in  the 
Abbott-Detroit  a  country  service  automobile  far  exceeding  your  expectations. 


This  $1500  Farmers  Motor  Car 

In  Many  Respects  Equals  $4000  Cars 


“The  Car  With  A  Pedigree” 


flbbolh  Detroit 


Looks  Just  Like  Highest  Priced  Cars 


The  painting  and  trimming  specifications  of 
the  Abbott-Detroit  parallel  those  of  $4000  cars. 
The  lines,  the  convenience,  the  luxury  of  the 
Abbott-Detroit  make  a  great  many  people  think 
it  costs  three  times  as  much  as  it  does. 

Over  the  roughest  country  roads  the  Abbott- 
Detroit  clearly  demonstrates  its  free  easy  riding, 
its  power,  its  noiselessness,  its  ability  to  assim¬ 
ilate  ruts,  crossings,  hard  grades  and  deep  mud. 
You  are  as  comfortable  as  you  can  be  because  of 
the  big,  strong,  perfectly  built  springs  which 
level  bumps  and  make  all  roads  seem  like 
boulevards. 

There  are  many  cars  listed  at  $1500  but  by 
the  time  you  have  paid  for  all  the  extras  you 
have  expended  up  to  $2000.  The  Abbott-Detroit 
at  $1500  includes  everything  but  top  and  wind¬ 


shield.  It  includes  a  complete  electric  light 
equipment  of.two  electric  headlights  and  combi¬ 
nation  electric  and  oil  side  and  rear  lamps  and 
Bosch  High  Tension  or  Splitdorf  dual  ignitiou 
system. 

Write  to-day  for  the  Book  of  the  Abbott-De¬ 
troit  which  gives  all  the  vital  information  about 
this  wonderful  car  and  when  we  send  it  to  you 
we  will  include  a  letter  of  introduction  to  our 
local  dealer  who  can  show  you  the  car  itself. 

Our  guarantee  is  more  than  the  ordinary 
guarantee.  When  you  become  an  Abbott-Detroit 
owner  you  make  a  permanent  connection  with 
our  organization.  We  keep  in  touch  with  you 
and  protect  you  continually.  Just  drop  us  a 
postal  right  now  and  let  us  tell  you  all  about  it. 


Abbott  Motor  Co., 

1 26  Waterloo  St.,  Detroit,  Mich. 


Pull  Your  Stumps  FREE 


SEE  here  how  the  Hercules  pulls 
out  big  stumps,  roots  and  all. 
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■  against  breakage— flaw  or  no  flaw.  Test 

■  it  on  your  place  for  30  days  at  our  risk. 

■  Try  it  on  stumps  or  green  trees. 

Triple  Power 

I  "Triple  power”  attachment  means  a 
I  third  greater  pulling  capacity  and  saves 
strain  on  team  and  on  cables.  Three  ma- 
I  chines  in  one — single,  double  and  triple 
I  power.  Can  be  changed  in  a  minute  right 
I  in  the  field  from  one  power  to  the  other  by 
|  one  man.  Nothing  like  it  in  the  world. 

The  Hercules  is  the  only  stumo  puller 
I  guaranteed  for  three  years.  Only  one  with 
Double  Safety  Ratchets.  Hitch  on  to  any 
stump  and  it  is  bound  to  come.  Also  pulls 

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largest  hedge  rows  and  green  trees 
Don’t  risk  costly  and  dangerous  dyna¬ 
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Write  us  at  once  on  a  postal  for  our 

Special  Price  Offer  I 

We  have  a  special  price  proposition  to 
the  first  man  we  sell  to  in  new  sections. 

We  are  glad  to  make  you  a  special  price  ' 
on  the  first  Hercules  sold  in  your  commun-  I 
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•SET 


For  the  Want  of  a  ’Phone  a  Day  was  Lost- -and 


Riding  to  Town  to  Order  a  Broken 
Machine  Loses  an  Extra  Day. 
It  Tells  You  the  Markets  Daily— Rouses  the  Neighbors 
for  Fire— Warne  the  People  of  Thieves— Calls  You  the 
Doctor  Quickly— Lets  You  Visit  while  it  Rains— Tells  You 
the  Weather  Forecast— Saves  You  Countless  Errands,  Etc. 

A  Dean  Telephone  in  Your  Country  Home 
Costs  Only  About  lc  a  Week. 


Part  of  a  Threshing  or  Harvesting 
Telephone  and  Save  Time. 

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500,000  Miles  of  Farm  Telephone  Wires  now  in  the  U.  S. 
Wouldn’t  you  like  to  have  a  Telephone  all  your  own?  Send 
us  your  Name  and  Address  for  Free  Booklet  and  our  plan. 

Let  a  Dean  ’Phone  Do  It  for  You.  It  Pays 
for  Itself  Every  Day. 


Address-THE  DEAN  ELECTRIC  CO.,  1205  TAYLOR  STREET,  ELYRIA,  OHIO 


■5* 


w 


312 


THIS  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  11, 


THE  CAUSE  OF  WINTER-KILLING. 

C.  V.,  Bayfield,  Wis. — How  many  degrees 
of  cold  can  Bartlett  pear  trees  stand  with¬ 
out  serious  injury?  Will  the  fruit  buds  of 
Bartlett  pears  stand  as  much  cold  as  apple 
buds?  I  live  on  a  peninsula  extending  out 
into  Lake  Superior  ;  there  is  a  big  body  of 
water  on  three  sides  of  my  land,  that  never 
freezes  over.  The  air  is  always  moist,  the 
snowfall  is  so  heavy  here  that  we  never 
have  any  frost  in  the  ground,  except  a  few 
inches  sometimes  early  in  Fall.  I  have 
three-year-old  Bartlett  trees,  that  have 
stood  three  weeks  of  10  to  28  below  zero, 
and  were  alive  to  the  last  bud  in  Spring. 
\ve  are,  however,,  liable  to  have  longer 
spells  of  cold  weather  here  than  that.  This 
is  a  new  country  and  the  only  place  west 
of  the  eastern  shore  of  Lake  Michigan 
wuere  there  is  any  water  protection  from 
the  west  and  north.  I  understand  that 
winter-killing  is  caused  by  evaporation  due 
to  very  dry  air  and  frozen  ground.  We 
shall  have  no  trouble  here  from  these  two 
causes.  If  the  fruit  buds  of  a  Bartlett  can 
stand  a  temperature  of  25  to  30  below 
zero  for  two  or  three  nights  occasionally, 
1  am  convinced  that  I  could  succeed  with 
Bartletts. 

Ans.— The  Bartlett  pear  tree  and  its 
buds  are  about  the  same  in  hardiness  as 
those  of  ordinary  apple  varieties,  such 
as  Jonathan,  Baldwin,  Rhode  Island 
Greening  and  Golden  Russet,  but  they 
are  not  so  hardy  as  those  of  Oldenburg, 
Yellow  Transparent  and  others  of  the 
Russian  class.  It  would  seem  that  older 
trees  of  all  these  varieties,  including  the 
Bartlett  pear,  must  be  growing  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  inquirer,  or  at  least  on 
the  peninsula  mentioned  as  being  sur¬ 
rounded  on  three  sides  by  open  water, 
and  if  so  the  answer  could  be  had  right 
there  and  of  the  most  positive  charac¬ 
ter.  Similarly  situated  regions  in  the 
northern  part  of  Lake  Michigan  are 
quite  mild  in  climate  and  any  kind  of 
apples,  pears  and  peaches  are  grown 
there  with  good  success,  as  I  have  often 
seen  them  doing.  It  would  be  worth 
while  to  try  the  ordinary  kinds  of  apples 
and  pears  on  the  Wisconsin  peninsula 
referred  to  if  it  has  not  already  been 
done.  This  may  be  a  new  and  valuable 
fruit  region  that  has  not  been  tested 
for  fruit  yet  to  the  extent  that  it  de¬ 
serves.  I  know  of  Bartlett  pear  trees 
in  northern  Michigan  that  have  endured 
30  degrees  below  zero,  but  that  is  a  very 
low  temperature  for  this  tree, 'and  could 
not  safely  pass  more  than  a  very  short 
spell  of  this  kind.  Winter-killing  is 
nearly  always  caused  as  C.  V.  under¬ 
stands  it,  by  severely  cold,  dry  air  tak¬ 
ing  out  the  natural  moisture  beyond  the 
limit  of  the  ability  of  the  tree  to  with¬ 
stand  it.  Frozen  ground  adds  to  the 
trouble,  because  the  roots  are  not  able 
to  lay  hold  of  the  soil  moisture  and 
replace  that  evaporated  by  the  branches. 
Where  snow  covers  the  ground  early  in 
the  Winter  and  it  does  not  freeze,  as  is 
the  case  in  the  region  under  discussion, 
winter-killing  would  probably  not  be 
very  common.  Above  the  snow  line  the 
protection  would  not  be  much,  but  be¬ 
low  it  there  would  be  almost  no  danger. 
This  whole  matter  is  one  that  _  needs 
testing  out  on  this  Wisconsin  peninsula. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


Planting  in  Crowbar  Holes. 

I  am  thinking  of  setting  some  fruit  trees 
this  Spring,  apples,  pears,  peaches,  plums 
tvnd  cherries.  Would  you  advise  setting 
part  or  all  of  them  in  the  crowbar  holes? 
How  much  would  you  cut,  both  roots  and 
tops?  Ought  they  to  be  sprayed  this  year, 
next,  or  when?  How  far  apart?  c.  E. 

Marlboro,  N.  H. 

We  would  not  plant  in  crowbar  boles 
except  as  an  experiment.  We  planted  800 
peach  trees  that  way  as  an  experiment. 
, Tune-bud  trees  were  used,  and  the  side 
roots  all  cut  off.  The  tops  ,  were  cut  back 
to  about  15  inches.  A  hole  was  punched 
into  the  ground  with  a  crowbar,  and  the 
little  tree  or  “cutting”  put  into  this  hole. 
Sand  and  water  were  poured  around  the 
tree  root  and  the  soil  packed  down  hard. 
1'hese  little  trees  started  tap  roots  straight 
Sown  like  clover,  or  like  currant  cuttings, 
irhov  were  slow  to  grow  at  first,  but  later 
caught  up  and  made  good  trees.  There  are 
two  serious  drawbacks  to  this  method. 
The  lifting  power  of  the  frost  is  such  that 
those  trees  without  side  roots  are  lifted 
and  in  some  cases  are  thrown  out  of  the 
soil  like  fence  posts  whioh  are  not  put 
below  the  frost  line.  Such  trees  also  whirl 
around  with  the  wind  and  form  large  holes 
at  the  top  of  the  ground.  In  a  cold  coun¬ 
try  this  plan  cannot  be  endorsed.  We  now 
dig  a  hole  about  a  foot  wide  and  leave  side 
roots  three  to  four  inches  long,  cutting  the 
tan  roots  off  square.  The  soil  is  packed 
bard  around  roots,  and  they  serve  to  anchor 
the  tree  firmly  in  the  soil.  Thus  root- 
pruned  and  with  the  top  cut  back  to  cor¬ 
respond  the  tree  makes  a  good  growth. 
We  plant  32  feet  apart  for  permanent  trees. 
Spray  each  year  with  lime-sulphur. 


Western  Blackberries. — I  would  like 
to  supplement  the  article  by  W.  V.  F.  on 
page  71,  on  the  subject  of  blackberries  for 
Western  Wasliinton.  The  .Evergreen  is 
grown  more  extensively  than  the  Hima¬ 
laya  Giant  on  account  of  its  better  ship¬ 
ping  qualities,  although  the  Evergreen  is 
known  to  be  a  poor  quality  berry.  Both  of 
these  varieties  are  late  and  follow  the 
Snyder  and  Mammoth  in  season,  some¬ 
times  with  an  interval  between  crops.  The 
loganberry  and  Phenomenal  are  both 
looked  upon  with  favor  by  the  growers  in 
the  Western  part  of  the  State,  the  ma¬ 
jority  holding  the.  Phenomenal  a  little 
higher  on  account  of  a  little  better  qual¬ 
ity.  Their  productivity  and  shipping  qual¬ 
ities  are  practically  the  same. 

Washington.  w.  g.  brierley. 


Do  Your 
Buildings 
Need  Paint? 


Examine  your  buildings  and  se§  if  they 
need  painting  now.  If  they  do,  don’t  put 
the  work  off  because  you  believe  linseed 
oil  will  drop  in  price.  There  is  no  hope 
of  it.  Besides,  the  price  of  paint  made- 
to-order  of 

“Dutch  Boy  Painter” 

White  Lead  and  pure  linseed  oil  is  lower  than 
you  may  think,  if  you  have  not  actually  figured  it. 

Get  prices  from  your  dealer  on  the  ingredients 
of  this  old-fashioned,  long-wearing,  pure  white 
lead  paint.  You  will  find  it  cheaper  than  any 
other  paint  you’d  think  of  using. 

Write  for  mirfree  "Painting  Helps  No.  808 


NATIONAL  LEAD  COMPANY 

An  office  in  each  of  the  following  cities: 


NewYork  Cleveland  Chicago 
St.  Louis  Boston  Buffalo 
Cincinnati  San  Francisco 
(John  T.  Lewis  &  Bros.  Co., 
Philadelphia) 

(National  Lead  and  Oil  Co.. 
Pittsburgh) 


MAULE’S  SEEDS 

ONCE  GROWN  ALWAYS  GROWN 

is  the  reason  wliy  for  many  years  past  I  have 
done  such  an  enormous  seed  business.  79,430 
customers  In  Pennsylvania  alone,  with  almost 
half  a  million  the  world  over.  My  New  Seed  Book 
for  1911  is  a  wonder;  contains  everything  in 
seeds, bulbsand  plantswortli growing.  Welghsl2 
ounces;  600  illustrations,  4  colored  plates,  176 
pages.  Any  gardener  sending  his  name  on  a 
postal  card  can  have  it  for  the  asking.  Address 

WM.  HENRY  MAULE 
1707-09-11  Filbert  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


fiend  5  cents  ( stamps )  and  mention  this 
paper  atid  I  tvill  enclose  in  the  catalogue 
a  packet  of  seed  of  the  above  choice  pansy. 


SEEDS 

ESTIHTHEWORLD 

PRICES  BELOW  ALL  OTHERS 

a  lot  of  new  sorts  for 
with  every  order  I  fill. 
Grand  Big  Catalog  CDE’C 
Illustrated  with  over  rliEC 
700  engravings  of  vegetables 
‘and  flowers.  Send  yours  and 
neighbors’  addresses. 
AY,  Rockford,  Illinois 


LOVER  *«.  TIMOTHY  ?J8lp£ 

Cheapest  and  Best  Seeding  Known 

Isike,  Clover  and  Timothy  mixed.  Fully  %  Al¬ 
ice,  a  great  bargain.  Most  wonderful  hay  and  pas- 
ire  combination  that  grows.  Write  for  Free  Sarn¬ 
ie  and  onr  large  76-page  catalog  describing  this 
onderful  grass  mixture.  Far  ahead  of  anything 
ou  can  sow  and  ridiculously  cheap.  Be  convinced. 
.A.  Berry. Seed  Co.,  Bov560Clarinda,  Iowa. 


Clover  Seed,  Seed  Corn,  Seed  Oats,  Ted™ 

Highest  quality.  Why  not  buy  these  direct?  Cata¬ 
log  of  all  kinds  of  farm  seeds  mailed  free  on  re¬ 
quest.  MACE  &  MANSFIELD,  Greenville,  Ohio. 


Salzer’s  French 
Bean  Coffee 


j< 

i 


(SOJA  KISPIDA) 

A  wholesome  drink  1  The  healthiest 
ever ;  you  can  grow  it  in  your  own  gar¬ 
den  on  a  small  patch  10  feet  by  10,  pro¬ 
ducing  60  lbs.  or  more.  Ripens  hi  Wis¬ 
consin  hi  90  days.  Used  in  great  quan¬ 
tities  in  France,  Germany  and  all  over 
Europe. 

Send  15  cents  in  stamps  and  wewill 
mail  you  a  package  giving  full  culture 
directions,  as  also  our  Mammoth  seed 
catalog  free ;  or  send  8 1  cents  and  get, 
in  addition  to  above,  10,000  kernels  un¬ 
surpassable  vegetable  and  fl ower  seeds- 
enongh  for  bushels  of  lnscions. different 
_  vegetables  and  brilliant  flowers. 

JOHN  A.  5ALZER  SEED  COMPANY 
144  South  8th  St. La  Crosso  Wis. 


□ 


FARM  SEEDS  ONLY 

OUR  vast  business  is  devoted  solely  to  growing  and  selling  Farm  Seeds. 

We  do  not  handle  Garden  or  Flower  seeds  or  Nursery  Stock  and  all 
of  our  energies  are  given  to  producing  the  best  Farm  Seeds  that  grow  on 
our  own  1600  acre  Seed  Farms  and  selling  them  direct  to  the  consumer  at 
the  lowest  possible  prices  consistent  with  highest  possible  quality. 

HEADQUARTERS 

Seed  Potatoes ,  31  varieties.  60,000  bushels— prices  right. 

Seed  Oats  that  are  sure  to  give  satisfaction.  We  sold  30,000  bushels  of  one  variety 
last  year  that  has  produced  on  our  own  farms  over  twice  the  average  yield  of  the 
United  States  for  the  past  six  years.  About  5,000  bushels,  our  own  growing,  still  on 
hand  but  going  fast.  Prices  as  low  as  65  cents  per  bushel.  Also  a  new  extra  early, 
heavy  grained  Oat  weighing  40 :  44  pounds  per  bushel.  Our  seed  oats  are  thoroughly 
resereened  twice  by  the  best  mills  known  to  the  trade. 

Seed  Corn— Mammoth  Yellow  Flint,  Early  Yellow'  Dent,  New  York  State  Improved 
Learning,  grown  here  for  the  past  eight  years,  thoroughly  acclimated  and  Dibble  s 
new  Mammoth  White  Dent  are  the  kinds  that  fill  the  cribs  and  silos.  Germination 
tests  95#  to  98#. 

Alfalfa ,  Clover  and  grass  seeds,  celebrated  D.  B.  Brand.  The  best  that  money  can 
buy.  100  samples  test  99.60*  to  99.98#  pure. 

Samples  of  Oats,  Corn.  Clover  and  Grass  Seed  cheerfully  mailed  you 
postpaid  for  testing".  No  obligation  to  buy.  Ask  for  what  you  want. 

Dibble’s  Seed  Catalog  FREE 

and  every  farmer  should  have  one.  Send  for  yours  now. 

.  .  .  ADDRESS  .  .  . 


Edward  F.  Dibble,  Seedgrower,  Box  B,  Honeoye  Falls,  N.  Y. 


of  time-tested  helpful,  information  for 
growing  vegetables  and  plants,  plainly  written  by 
experts  and  arranged  conveniently  with  descriptions, 
engravings  and  prices.  Recognized  standard  for  over 
70  years,  1911  edition  increased  to  288  pages,  nearly  1000 
illustrations,  8  color  and  duotone  plates.  Describes 
over  1200  varieties  of  Flower  Seeds,  2000  kinds  of  Plants, 
600  varieties  of  Vegetables,  besides  Hardy  Shrubs, 
Small  Fruits,  Roses,  Climbers,  Aquatics,  etc. 

Mailed  free  to  anyone  mentioning  this  publication. 

llrcerV  Stook-flowered  I,ark»pur« 

This  beantlful  old-fashioned  favorite  flower  ehonld  he  In  every  garden. 
Knsy  to  grow,  flowering  all  summer  In  many  exquisite  shades  of  bine, 
rose,  red,  lilac,  white,  etc.  Mixed  colors.  10  cents  per  paoltet.  “Carden 
Book”  free  with  each  book.  _  _ 

henry  a.  dreer  PHILADELPHIA 


Burpee9 s  Seeds  Grow! 

And  the  Burpee- Business  Grows  ! 

If  you  would  like  to  read  about  the  Best  Seeds  that  can  be  Grown  and  the 
Largest  Mail-Order  Seed  Trade  in  the  world,  you  should  write  to-day  (a  postal 
card  will  do)  for  The  35th  Anniversary  Edition  of  THE  LEADING  AMERICAN  SEED 
CATALOG.  A  bright  new  book  of  174  pages, —  it  is  free  to  all  who  appreciate 

adsd“t  W.  Atlee  Burpee  &  Co.,  Philadelphia 


PIONEER 

SIS 


FOR  ALL  KINDS  OF 

CLOVER  and  FIELD 
SEEDS  also  GARDEN, 
FLOWER  SEEDS 
and  Implements 

Write  to  this  Old  Reliable 
House— Catalogue  Free 
and  Field  Seed  Price  List 
mailed  you  on  application. 


THTHENRY  PHILIPPS  SEED  AND  IMPLEMENT  CO. , Toledo,  0. 


CABBAGE  SEED 

New  Enkhuizen  Glory  (the  world’s  best  cab¬ 
bage) :  extra  selected  seed,  my  own  Importa¬ 
tion.  direct  from  Introducers  in  Holland,  of 
this  truly  wonderful  Cabbage,  Lb.  $2  60,  Oz., 

36  cts.,  Pkt.,  10  cts.  E.  J.  Wakefield.  All 
Head  Early.  Early  Summer,  Succession, 
Winnigstadt.  Surehead.  Late  Flat  Dutch, 
Drumhead,  Lb.  81.60,  Oz.  20  cts.,  Pkt.  5  cts. 
Postpaid.  Write  for  free  Catalog. 

J.  AUG.  DRAKE,  Seedsman  100  Main  St.,  Chester  N.  3. 


She  Farmer-S  Farmer’sWif  e 


6  Henderson  Specialties  and 
Our  Big  Illustrated  Seed  Book 

HERE’S  a  book  that  will  help  make  bigger  profits 
for  you.  212  pages  of  information.  8  color 
plates.  Over  800  photo  engravings  showing  actual 
results  without  exaggeration  from  HENDERSON’S 
tested  seeds.  Use  them  for  bigger  yields  per  acre 
and  better  prices  per  bushel. 

Best  of  all,  it  contains  8  pages  oi  general  cultur¬ 
al  information  no  farmer  can  afford  to  miss. 

AND  HERE  IS  WHERE  THE  FARMER’S  WIFE  COMES  IN. 

This  year  we  have  induced  Mrs.  Rorer— the  famous  culinary 
expert— to  furnish  one  recipe  for  cooking  each  vegetable.  There 
are  three  pages  of  these.  The  best  recipes  by  the  best  cook. 

How  to  get  the 
Book  and  Specialties 

Send  us  10c.  mentioning  this  paper  and  we  will  send  you 
the  famous  Henderson  Seed  Book  “Everything  for  the 
Garden”  together  with  one  packet  of  each  of  the  following 
Henderson’s  Specialties : 

Scarlet  Globe  Radish  Ponderosa  Tomato 

Henderson’s  Invincible  Asters  Big  Boston  Lettuce 

Giant  Spencer  Sweet  Peas  Mammoth  Butterfly  Pansies 


These  packets  are  enclosed  in  a  coupon  envelope 
which  when  emptied  and  returned,  will  be  accepted 
as  25c  cash  payment  on  any  order  of  one  dollar 
or  over. 

Peter  Henderson 
&  Co. 

35-37  Ccrtlandt  Street 
New  York 


P.  S. — As  this  re¬ 
markable  offer  is 
made  solely  to 
demonstrate  the 
superiority  of  Hen¬ 
derson’s  Tested 
Seeds,  only  one 
can  be  sent  to  any¬ 
one  person. 


PETER  HENDERSON  &  CO.. 
35-37  Cortlandt  St.,  New  York  City 

I  enclose  herewith  10c  for  which  send 
catalogue  and  “Henderson  Specialty 
Collection”  as  advertised. 


J 


1911. 

TRAINING  AND  PRUNING  THE  GRAPE¬ 
VINE. 

The  amateur  can  often  take  advantage 
of  walls  upon  which  to  train  grapes ;  he 
can  also  use  grapes  for  covering  unsightly 
objects.  They  are  exceedingly  tractable 
and  plastic  by  nature,  and  accommodate 
themselves  to  apparently  difficult  situa¬ 
tions.  The  training  of  grapes  is  one 
thing.  This  means  the  adopting  or  choos¬ 
ing  of  a  certain  method  of  growing  them. 
Whether  the  grower  shall  lead  out  two 
arms  at  right  angles,  and  in  opposite  di¬ 
rections  from  the  upright  stem,  and  from 
these  direct  parallel  upright  canes ;  or 
whether  he  shall  lead  out  in  radiating 
fashion  several  canes  from  the  base,  or 
whether  he  shall  lead  long  canes  up  over 
an  arbor  for  the  purpose  of  completely  en¬ 
shrouding  it,  are  matters  of  training.  The 
pruning  of  grapevines  consists  in  cutting 
back  the  right  amount  of  the  current  sea¬ 
son’s  growth,  the  amount  which  experi¬ 
ence  says  a  grape  of  a  certain  habit  of 
growth  and  certain  amount  of  individual 
vigor  should  respond  to  properly.  The 
pruning  of  grapes  is  a  simple  matter  when 
their  habit  of  growth  is  understood.  We 
prune  either  to  check  or  stimulate  vigor, 
to  encourage  fruit  production,  or,  on  the 
other  hand,  to  discourage  it. 

The  fruit  of  all  varieties  we  deal  with 
in  the  North  and  East  is  borne  on  the 
wood  produced  during  the  current  year’s 
growth,  and  by  its  wood  springs  from  buds 
produced  by  last  year’s  shoots.  Each  bud 
of  last  year,  except  those  which  come  from 
suckers  or  base  shoots,  Is  a  promise  of  a 
fruit-bearing  shoot,  and  each  shoot  is  a 
promise  of  from  two  to  five  bunches  of 
grapes.  These  promises  are  not  all  ful¬ 
filled,  but  they  are  realized  in  proportion 
as  the  grape  is  healthy  and  the  season 
favorable.  It  is,  then,  not  difficult  on  a 
five  or  six-year-old  grapevine  to  estimate 
with  a  fair  degree  of  accuracy  how  many 
bunches  of  fruit  we  may  have  if  we  prune 
15  or  20  fruit-bearing  buds.  With  this 
general  proposition  in  mind,  the  pruning  of 
the  grape  is  not  difficult.  The  purposes  of 
training,  on  the  other  hand,  are  to  dis¬ 
pose  the  grape  suitably  so  that  it  may 
ripen  its  fruit  evenly  .and  well.  The 
amateur  can  afford  to  train  as  his  fancy 
dictates.  The  commercial  grower  must 
train  to  suit  his  climate,  soil,  varieties 
and  the  kind  of  labor  which  he  is  obliged 
to  employ.  In  either  case,  the  object  is 
to  produce  the  approximate  number  of 
fruitbearing  shoots  the  vigor  of  the  va¬ 
riety  suggests  that  it  should  carry  for  the 
best  results. 

The  “fan  system”  is  used  most  freely 
where  vines  are  protected  in  the  Autumn 
by  laying  them  down  and  covering  them 
with  soil.  The  canes  are  carried  up  from 
the  ground  in  a  divergent  manner,  in  the 
form  of  a  fan.  The  old  canes  are  cut  out 
and  removed  from  time  to  time  as  they 
grow  too  rigid  to  allow  of  easy  bending. 
At  the  close  of  the  growing  season,  after 
the  leaves  have  fallen,  the  greater  number 
of  the  canes  are  cut  back  to  the  last  bud. 
A  few  of  the  strongest  are  left,  in  order 
to  carry  the  fruit  to  a  greater  height  upon 
the  trellis.  There  is  a  tendency  on  the 
part  of  the  grower  who  prunes  after  this 
fashion  to  allow  too  much  wood  to  remain 
on  the  plant  in  the  Autumn,  especially 
when  it  is  young.  The  vine  should  not 
be  allowed  to  bear  the  second  year  after 
setting  out,  and  only  a  small  crop  the 
third  year.  A  heavy  crop  of  fruit  borne 
by  young  vines  the  third  year  after  plant¬ 
ing  will  sometimes  ruin  the  yield  for  two 
or  three  succeeding  years,  and  occasion¬ 
ally  destroy  the  vines.  The  prospective 
crop  may  be  more  or  less  accurately  esti¬ 
mated  by  multiplying  the  number  of  buds 
by  two ;  this  kind  of  estimate  may  be 
used  as  a  guide  in  pruning.  The  fan  sys¬ 
tem  aims  at  starting  the  canes  near  the 
ground,  giving  the  vine  practically  several 
main  stems.  The  “high  renewal”  system, 
or  modification  of  it,  is  probably  more 
generally  adopted  throughout  commercial 
grape  sections  than  any  other.  It  aims  at 
starting  the  head  about  two  feet  from  the 
ground,  so  that  the  main  branches  are  tied 
to  the  lower  wire.  The  vine  is  usually 
started  the  second  year  with  two  canes 
striking  out  in  Y-shaped  fashion.  In  the 
Fall  of  the  same  year  all  side  shoots  are 
cut  back  closely  and  the  main  canes  cut 
back  to  four  or  five  buds  each.  The  third 
season,  three  or  four  of  the  strongest 
shoots  springing  from  the  center  of  the 
head  are  allowed  to  grow.  In  the  Autumn 
these  replace  the  outer  arms,  and  arc  in 
turn  replaced  by  them  the  following  sea¬ 
son.  The  aim  is,  then,  to  renew  the  fruit¬ 
ing  canes  from  different  parts  of  the  old 
wood  every  year.  The  number  of  buds  to 
be  left  will  depend  upon  the  strength  of 
the  variety  and  the  individual  plant.  Con¬ 
cord,  Niagara  and  Worden  will  carry  with 
safety  more  wood  than  Moore’s  Early  or 
Delaware,  and  this  is  true  without  refer¬ 
ence  to  the  method  employed.  As  the 
canes  grow  they  are  tied  to  the  wires  of 
the  trellis,  distributing  the  foliage  as  much 
as  possible.  It  is  usually  found  necessary 
to  go  over  the  vineyard  two,  three  and 
occasionally  four  times  during  the  Sum¬ 
mer. 

The  “horizontal  two-arm  system”  is  es¬ 
pecially  adapted  to  sections  of  the  country 


THE  RU  RAL  NEW-YORKER 


313 


where  it  is  advisable  to  give  the  vines 
Winter  protection.  Two  strong  canes  are 
trained  in  opposite  directions.  The  laterals 
springing  from  these  are  trained  .perpen¬ 
dicularly.  In  the  Autumn  the  laterals  are 
cut  back  to  short  one-eye  spurs.  When 
the  spurs  become  weak  they  are  renewed, 
as  is  an  entire  arm  occasionally.  This 
system  calls  for  a  four-wired  trellis,  in 
order  to  properly  tie  the  strong  upright 
growths.  Well  adapted  to  wall  or  high 
garden  trellis,  the  three  methods  of  train¬ 
ing  described  thus  far  are  all  on  the  up¬ 
right  plan,  in  those  which  follow  the  vines 
hang  down. 

The  “four-cane  Kniffin”  is  essentially 
a  commercial  system  and  exclusively 
adapted  in  field  culture  in  certain  parts 
of  New  York  State.  In  this  system  the 
trellis  consists  of  two  wires.  The  main 
cane  is  carried  to  the  top  wire  and  from 
it  an  arm  is  trained  each  way  on  the  two 
wires.  The  side  canes  are  tied  to  the 
wires  and  the  lower  ends  allowed  to  hang 
free.  Several  modifications  of  this  system 
are  in  use. 

We  now  come  to  overhead  or  arbor  sys¬ 
tems.  In  one  of  these  systems  the  vines 
are  carried  up  seven-foot  posts  and  al¬ 
lowed  to  rest  on  cross  wires,  forming  in 
this  way  a  kind  of  arbor.  One  plan  is 
to  nail  a  crosspiece  to  each  part  at  right 
angles  to  the  pole.  This  extends  three 
feet  on  each  side.  Three  wires  are 

stretched  on  these,  one  at  each  end,  the 
other  in  the  middle,  to  the  posts.  The 

trellis  is  thus  a  horizontal  one,  and  six 

feet  above  the  ground.  An  unbranched 
trunk  is  carried  up  to  the  middle  vine 

and  the  canes  spread  either  side  from  this 
point.  A  T-shaped  head  is  considered  the 
ideal  form.  Another  overhead  system  is 
known  as  the  “cross-wire  Kniffin.”  On 
this  a  small  post  six  or  seven  feet  high 
is  set  for  each  vine.  The  tops  of  the  posts 
are  connected  by  cross  wires.  The  vines 
are  trained  up  the  posts,  and  on  reaching 
the  top  four  arms  are  trained  outward,  one 
on  each  wire.  In  the  Autumn  the  arms 
are  cut  back  to  six  or  eight  buds  each. 
The  amateur  may  start  two  canes  from  the 
ground,  spreading  as  they  rise,  and  may 
depend  upon  laterals  to  cover  his  arbor. 

“Post  training”  is  only  satisfactory 
where  there  is  plenty  of  heat  to  ripen  the 
grapes,  and  gives  fullest  satisfaction  with 
weak-growing  varieties.  Four  or  five-foot 
stakes  may  be  used.  Two  or  three  canes 
are  trained  up  each  year  from  the  ground. 
It  is  strictly  a  renewal  plan.  Much  Sum¬ 
mer  pruning  and  pinching  are  required  to 
regulate  growth.  But,  on  the  other  hand, 
the  vines  may  be  tucked  in  four  by  four 
feet  apart.  Delaware,  Golden  Drop  and 
Campbell’s  Early  can  be  grown  on  posts 
with  some  satisfaction. 

Pruning  of  the  annual  kind  may  be 
done  after  the  leaves  are  killed  by  frost 
or  the  wood  is  thoroughly  ripened.  When 
the  vines  are  taken  off  the  trellis,  as  in 
30-degree-below-zero  sections,  the  pruning 
is  done  just  before  laying  the  canes  down 
in  Autumn.  Where  the  vines  do  not  need 
Winter  protection,  the  pruning  may  be 
done  any  convenient  time  during  late  Fall 
or  Winter.  It  should  not  be  deferred  till 
the  sap  flows  in  Spring,  as  vines  pruned 
at  this  time  are  often  weakened  by  ex¬ 
cessive  bleeding.  It  is  always  desirable  to 
remove  the  shoots  that  spring  from  or 
near  the  base  of  the  vine,  except  when 
they  are  required  for  a  special  end.  These 
shoots  are  quickly  broken#out,  or  nipped  off 
when  soft  and  succulent.  A  certain  amount 
of  shortening  back  is  also  desirable.  This 
should  not  be  done  too  early  in  the  season. 
If  pinched  early  in  the  growing  season,  a 
great  mass  of  laterals  is  produced  and 
the  amount  of  work  very  much  augmented. 

T.  a.  T. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
II.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  20. 


HONEST  CONFESSION. 

A  Doctor’s  Talk  on  Food. 

There  are  no  fairer  set  of  men  on  earth 
than  the  doctors,  and  when  they  find  they 
have  been  in  error  they  are  usually  apt 
to  make  honest  and  manly  admission  of 
the  fact. 

A  case  in  point  is  that  of  a  practitioner, 
one  of  the  good  old  school,  who  lives  in 
Texas.  His  plain,  unvarnished  tale  needs 
no  dressing  up : 

“I  had  always  had  an  intense  preju¬ 
dice,  which  I  can  now  see  was  unwar¬ 
rantable  and  unreasonable,  against  all 
muchly  advertisedlfoods.  Hence,  I  never 
read  a  line  of  the  many  ‘ads’  of  Grape- 
Nuts,  nor  tested  the  food  till  last  winter. 

“While  in  Corpus  Christi  for  my 
health,  and  visiting  my  youngest  son, 
who  has  four’of  the  ruddiest,  healthiest 
little  boys  I  ever  saw,  I  ate  my  first 
dish  of  Grape-Nuts  food  for  supper  with 
my  little  grandsons. 

“I  became  exceeding  fond  of  it  and 
have  eaten  a  package  of  it  every  week 
since,  and  find  it  a  delicious,  refreshing 
and  strengthening  food,  leaving  no  ill 
effects  whatever,  causing  no  eructations 
(with  which  I  was  formerly  much 
troubled),  no  sense  of  fullness,  nausea, 
nor  distress  of  stomach  in  any  way. 

“There  is  no  other  food  that  agrees 
with  me  so  well,  or  sits  as  lightly  or 
pleasantly  upon  my  stomach  as  this  does. 

“I  am  stronger  and  more  active  since  I 
began  the  use  of  Grape-Nuts  than  I  have 
been  for  10  years,  and  am  no  longer 
troubled  with  nausea  and  indigestion.” 
Name  given  by  Postum  Co.,  Battle 
Creek,  Mich. 

Look  in  pkgs.  for  the  famous  little 
hook,  ‘The  Road  to  Wellville.” 

“There’s  a  Reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter?  A  new 
one  appears  from  time  to  time.  They 
are  genuine,  true,  and  full  of  human 
interest. 


CLOTHCRAFT 


TWO  men  were  speaking  of  a 
$i6.5osuitof  Clothcraft  Clothes. 
It  was  being  worn  by  one  of  these 
men,  who  for  years  before  had  worn 
only  custom  suits  at  $45  to  $60.  It 
was  being  examined  by  the  other 
man — also  a  wearer  of  custom  clothes. 
“What  a  fine,  soft  piece  of  cloth !” 
the  latter  exclaimed.  And  it  was! 


The  quality  and  taste  represented  in  the  fabrics  are 
but  two  of  the  noteworthy  features  of  Clothcraft  Clothes 
for  men  and  young  men — the  only  guaranteed  all-wool 
line  at  $10  to  $25.  Another  very  desirable  feature  is  the 
really  remarkable  fit  —  close-fitting  collar,  shapely 
shoulders,  non-breakable  coat-front,  heel-hugging  trousers. 
And  back  of  these  is  the  protection  of  the  definite  Cloth¬ 
craft  guaranty,  backed  by  dealer  and  maker.  It  assures 
absolutely  all-wool,  first-class  trimmings  and  workman¬ 
ship,  lasting  shape,  service  and  satisfaction. 

Clothcraft  Scientific  Tailoring  gives  you  these 
advantages  at  a  saving  of  £5  to  $10  a  6uit. 

Go  the  nearest  Clothcraft  Store,  or  write  ua 
direct.  We’ll  gladly  send  you  the  Clothcraft 
style-folder  for  spring,  and  a  booklet  pictur¬ 
ing  the  clean,  fight  shop  where  Clothcraft 
Clothes  are  made,  together  with  the  name  of 
the  nearest  Clothcraft  dealer.  He’s  a  man 
who  believe*  his  customers  are  entitled  to 
honest  clothes,  honest  treatment  and  an  hon¬ 
est  guaranty.  That’s  why  he  sells  Clothcraft. 

THE  JOSEPH  &  FEISS  CO. 

Founded  1850 — Oldest  American 
Manufacturers  of  Men’s  Clothes 

635  St.  Clair  Ave„  N.  W.  Cleveland 


GUARANTEED 
ALL  WOOL 


REG.U.S. 


PAT.  OFF. 


£T  FLAX  WILT  POSITIVELY  PREVENTED 
BY  THE  USE  OF  FORMALDEHYDE  e> 

Every  farmer  should  acquaint  himself  with  the  up-to-date 
method  of  disinfection  which  prevents  this  pest  from  destroying 
crops — it  is  simple,  sure  and  inexpensive.  Formaldehyde  is  equally 
successful  for  the  elimination  of  all  smuts,  and  fungus  growths  that 
attack  the  various  grains  as  well  as  scab  and  black-leg  on  potatoes. 
Endorsed  by  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture.  Write  for  free  booklet 
with  full  instructions. 

PERTH  AMBOY  CHEMICAL  COMPANY 

100  WILLIAM  STREET,  NEW  YORK 


For  BIGGER  crops  and  BETTER  use 


Shipped  In  100-lb.  bags,  handy  to  handle,  in  powder  form  ready  for  use.  No 
waste  in  slaking  and  screening  —  every  bit  available  for  distribution  by  band  or 
spreader.  Delivered  in  carloads  of  20  tons  to  New  England  points  for  $8.<K)  to  $0.00 
per  ton,  price  varying  with  freight  rates,  or  write  to  us  for  name  of  nearest  dealer  from 
whom  you  can  buy  any  amount. 

Lime  feeds  run-down  land.  Lime  sweetens  land  soured  by  fertilizers.  Lime 
shakes  up  clogged  soil  and  holds  together  soil  that  is  too  loose.  The  cost  is  only  a 
fraction  of  the  extra,  profit  you  will  get  by  using  it. 

Our  free  booklet,  “Liming  the  Land,”  tells  about  the  when,  where  and  how  of  liming 


ROCKLAND-ROCKPORT  LIME  CO. 

Boston,  84  Milk  St.  Dockland,  Me.  New  York,  Fifth  Ave.  Bldg. 


WELL  FLAVORED, 
LARGE, AND  A 
HIGHLY 
COLORS 


r 


HIS  is  the  kind  of  peach  it  pays  best 
to  raise,  because  it’s  the  kind  people 
want  most  and  pay  highest  for. 

A  better  shipping  peach  results  from 
an  application  of 


In  other  words  —  Potash  Pays. 

See  that  your  peach  orchard 
fertilizer  contains  at  least  10% 
of  actual  Potash,  or  broadcast 
200  lbs.  muriate  of  Potash  and 
400  lbs.  acid  phosphate  per  acre 
in  the  orchard. 

We  sell  Potash  in  any  amount — 
from  200-lb.  bags  up.  Write  now  for  price. 

GERMAN  KALI  WORKS,  Inc. 

Whitney  Central  Bank  Building,  New  Orleans 


■ 


■Hi 


314 


\THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Set  Your  Plants  Better 
with  a  Fetzer 
Transplanter 


Waters  the  roots, 
leaves  no  hard  crust 
on  surface.  Every 
plant  lives.  1  man  and 
2  boys  transplant  5  acres  a  day  and  do  better  work. 
Write  to-day  for  Free  Book  No.  49  on  Transplanting 

THE  WM.  FETZEK  CO.,  Springfield,  Ill. 


“Gold  Medal” 

Bates’  Yellow  Flint  Seed  Corn 

FOR  SALE 

j For  free  pamphlet  giving  particulars 
of  cultivation,  exhibits  and  prices,  address 

THEODORE  C.  BATES 

NORTH  BROOKFIELD,  MASS. 


Cuthbert  Raspberry,  Eldorado  Blackberry, 
Wineberry,  Barrs  Mammoth,  and  Giant 
Argenteuil  Asparagus,  Privet,  etc. 

Prices  and  plants  will  satisfy. 

H.  H.  CORSON  &  SON,  Avondale,  Pa. 

EVERGREENS. 

Largest  stock  in 
America,  including 
Colorado  Blue  Spruce 
and  Douglas  Spruce 
of  Colorado. 

Also  Ornamental 
Shade  and  Forest 
Trees. 

R.  DOUGLAS’  SONS 
Waukegan,  Ilk 


|  /  nnrrr  Guaranteed  1 

lOnUdEnJ  to  Bloom  4)1 

We  want  to  prove  to  you  that  here  are 
“the  Best  Roses  in  America,”  sold  on 
their  own  roots,  direct  from  America’s 
foremost  propagators.  Different  spe¬ 
cies,  in  a  variety  of  beautiful  colors — a 
very  riot  of  gorgeous  loveliness.  Sent 
postpaid  on  receipt  of  price.  1911  Floral 
Guido  FREE. 

THE  CON ARI>  &  .TONES  CO. 
Rose  Speci«lists— 5#  years’  experience 
4-C 


Box  4-C, 


West  Grove,  l’a. 


PLANT  HARDY  TREES 

Healthy,  acclimated,  high  grade,  true  to  label  fruit  trees 
and  plants  for  Northern  States  at  wholesale  prices,  direct 
from  nursery  to  planter.  Send  for  catalogue. 

CELERYCITYNURSERIESjOes^ 

Fruit  Trees  From  the  Grower. 

Save  middlemen’s  expense  and  get  them 
fresh  dug.  Catalog  free. 

WM.  J.  REILLY.  NURSERYMAN.  DANSVILLE.  N  Y. 

SALESMEN  WANTED  sion  paid  weekly.  Write 

-  —  for  terms.  PERRY  NURS- 

TO  SELL  TREES  AND  PLANTS  ERIES,  Rochester,  N.  Y, 

EDUIT  TDEEC  Pear*.  Bartlett,  Seckel  and  others. 
I  I\L11  InLLj  Cherries  and  Plums,  all  standard 
varieties.  Peaches  grown  from  buds  from  bearing 
stock.  Get  wholesale  prices  direct  from  us  ;  also  SI  I.ot 
Offers.  Free  Catalog.  Prize  Hampshire  sheep.  Write 
W.  P.  RUPERT  *  SON,  Box  20,  Seneca,  N.  Y. 


CATALPA 


SPECIOSA 
TREES 


Mine  are  true  to  name.  Write  for  Free  booklet  which  tells 
all  about  the  150  acres  I  am  growing  for  telephone  poles. 

H.  C.  ROGERS,  Box  11,  Mechanicsburg,  Ohio. 


200  t  arletles.  Also  Grapes,  Small  Fruits,  etc.  Best 

rooted  stock.  Genuine,  cheap.  2  sample  currants  mailed  for  10c. 

Catalog  free.  LEWIS  ROKSOH  A  SON,  Box  h  ,  Frcdonla,  N.  V. 


CRAPE 

VINES 

can  be  bought  right  this  year.  Send  us  a 
memorandum  of  your  wants  for  prices. 

MINER  &  MINER 

Grape  Vine  Growers,  Sheridan,  1)1.  V. 


RAPEVINE 


Large  stock.  Best  varieties.  Best  Grade. 
Guaranteed  true. 

SPECIAL  OFFER. 

We  will  send,  postpaid,  10  strong,  hardy,  two- 
year-old  GRAPEVINES  — best  varieties,  red, 
white  and  black  —  for  $1.00.  Just  the  kind 
for  planting  around  the  house,  along  fences,  or 
in  the  garden.  W  e  also  offer  Five  Three-Year- 
old  Vines  For  SI  00.  Will  bear  year  after 
,  planting.  Our  valuable  hook,  how  to  plant 
,  and  prune,  free  with  every  order.  Mention  ' 
k  this  paper  and  we’ll  add  free  one  new, 
large,  red  currant. 

.  T.  S.  HUBBARD  COMPANY 

Grapevine  Specialists 

2 tO  Central  A  ve. ,  Frcdonla,  N.Y. 

Established  44  years. 


am  ■SI4S&  NEWSEEDOATS.  Big  money 

nm  aa  mm  in  right  kind  of  oats.  Here's 

RR  H  yk  your  chance.  I  reported  Canadian 

ifcJB  B  seed  oats,  raised  on  Galloway 

SRH  B  BjB  Brothers’  big  farm  in  Canada. 

{3M I  H  snow  New,  clean  land.  Regenerated 

Swedish  Select  went  116  bushels 
to  acre ;  Early  New  Market  110  bushels  to  acre.  Farmers  who 
bought  tliis  seed  from  us  last  year  raised  as  high  as  75  to  100 
bushels  in  this  country,  and  found  out  their  old  seed  was  inbred 
and  run  out.  Change  your  seed.  Try  some  of  this  new  seed, 
pend  for  free  sample,  or  10  cents  for  large  packet.  Will  also  send 
our  free  booklet,  entitled  "Big  Money  in  Oats  and  How.  to  Grow 
Them.’’  Galloway  Bros.-Bowman  Company 
662  Galloway  Station _ Waterloo,  Iowa 

QTT'lTn  Potatoes,  Disease-Proof  Read’s 
OEvCtli  Goldenflake,  Golden  Gem,  and  Peach- 
blow.  New  varieties,  wonders.  Sold  direct.  Write 
for  facts.,  G.  A.  READ  Read’s  Exp.  Farms,  Charlotte,  Vt. 


PLANTING  APPLE  TREES  IN  BRUSH. 

H.  B.  H.,  Buchanan,  Mich. — What  would 
you  consider  the  prospects  of  success  of  an 
apple  orchard,  about  four  acres,  planted  on 
ground  from  which  the  timber,  maple, 
beech  and  basswood,  was  cut  six  years  ago 
and  has  since  been  pastured  ?  Most  of  the 
ground  is  sodded  over,  but  in  places  are 
patches  of  briers  and  pawpaw.  It  is  the 
top  of  a  hill  and  the  eastern  slope.  Would 
it  be  better  to  grub  and  plow,  or  plant  as 
it  is  and  mulch  ? 

Ans. — If  properly  handled  here  is  a 
good  chance  to  have  a .  profitable  or¬ 
chard.  We  should  grub  or  blow  out 
enough  stumps  to  enable  us  to  plant 
straight  rows.  This  can  often  be  done 
in  such  cases  by  removing  a  few  stumps 
so  as  to  make  strips  five  or  six  feet 
wide  across  the  field.  Plant  the  trees 
on  these  strips,  sighting  both  ways  to 
get  them  even.  Then  keep  these  narrow 
strips  plowed  and  cultivated,  with  such 
grass  and  fine  brush  as  you  can  cut 
piled  around  the  trees.  This  gives  some 
culture,  and  will  keep  the  trees  growing 
while  the  stumps  between  the  rows  can 
be  killed  and  removed  as  opportunity 
permits. 

Starting  Tobacco  Seed. 

F.  W.  II.,  Hollywood,  Md.— Can  some 
one  tell  me  about  sprouting  tobacco  seed 
before  seeding?  Why  do  they  do  it?  What 
stage  of  sprouting  do  they  seed  them?  IIow 
do  they  do  it,  and  how  long  can  they  be 
kept  before  sowing  if  weather  conditions 
prevent  seeding?  With  what  do  they  mix 
them  and  how  do  they  cover?  How  long 
does  it  take  to  sprout  them?  Is  at  neces¬ 
sary  to  water  bed  after  seeding? 

Ans. — I  have  never  sprouted  tobacco 
seed  before  sowing,  but  have  heard  that 
the  seed  can  be  sprouted  by  putting  them 
in  a  bag  and  putting  the  bag  in  a  warm 
heap  of  fresh  manure-  till  sprouted.  I 
have  always  sown  tobacco  seed  in  an 
ordinary  cold  frame’  under  glass  sashes. 
I  get  better  plants  and  earlier  in  this 
way  than  in  the  usual  way.  The  com¬ 
mon  practice  is  to  burn  the  site  of  the 
bed  thoroughly  with  wood  and  brush, 
rake  in  the  ashes  and  apply  a  good  to¬ 
bacco  fertilizer  liberally  and  sow  the 
seed  broadcast,  then  a  cover  of  cotton 
cloth  is  placed  over  the  bed  as  a  pro¬ 
tection.  But  by  sowing  under  glass  in 
rows  thinly  one  can  get  better,  shorter 
and  stouter  plants.  w.  F.  massey. 

THE  EVERBEARING  STRAWBERRY,  AS 
GROWN  IN  MEXICO. 

In  several  numbers  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  I 
have  noted,  with  interest,  the  notes  in  re¬ 
gard  to  the  everbearing  strawberry.  It 
seems  that  the  editor  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  is 
rather  sceptical  in  regard  to  this  plant. 
In  the  City  of  Mexico  we  have  straw¬ 
berries  every  day  in  the  year.  In  some 
months  of  the  year  they  are  more  plenti¬ 
ful  than  in  others,  but  in  more  or  less 
quantity  they  are  always  here.  They  are, 
of  course,  from  a  plant  that  is  practically 
everbearing,  although,  and  here  it  is  well 
to  make  a  careful  note,  at  no  time  during 
the  year  do  they  boar  near  as  heavily  as 
the  same  plant  during  its  bearing  season 
in  the  North.  They  are  known  here  as  the 
strawberry  of  Irapuato,  because  it  is  in 
that  district  that  practically  the  entire 
crop  is  grown.  This  place  is  about  200 
miles  north  of  the  City  bf  Mexico,  and  the 
fruit  is  sent  in  by  express,  and  just  as  it 
is  picked,  loose,  in  about  20-pound  bas¬ 
kets.  The  growth  of  the  fruit  is  slowly 
spreading,  and  some  is  now  grown  at 
Guadalajara  and  a  little  at  Obregon,  far¬ 
ther  north.  The  climate,  soil  and  water 
'suitable  for  the  growth  of  the  fruit,  how¬ 
ever,  seems  to  be  very  limited  at  present. 

The  Irapuato  strawberry,  or  the  variety 
thus  described,  is,  as  will  be  seen,  one  of 
the  so-called  everbearers.  It  throws  up 
flower  stems  at  any  time  of  the  year  as  the 
plant  reaches  condition  ;  naturally  the  sea¬ 
son  of  the  year  in  which  vegetation  is 
more  vigorous,  and  this  occurs  here  dur¬ 
ing  the  rainy  season  of  Summer,  it  flow¬ 
ers  more  abundantly.  In  no  case,  it  must 
be  noted,  does  the  flowering  reach  one- 
third  of  that  which  occurs  in  the  same 
flowering  season  in  the  North,  and  the 
cost  of  picking  is  correspondingly  in¬ 
creased.  When  the  fruit  is  scarce,  as  at 
this  time  of  the  year,  the  picking  is  a  big 
item.  The  Irapuato  strawberry,  in  leaf, 
resembles  the  common  northern  one.  It  is 
distinct  in  throwing  out  few  runners.  It 
prefers  to  grow  as  a  bunch  or  clump  by 
stooling.  In  this  it  resembles  the  Alpine 
strawberry,  and  it  may  be  a  cross  or  va¬ 
riety  of  the  two  types.  It  is  spoken  of 
here  as  a  “fresa,”  which  means  the  com¬ 
mon  running  strawberry,  and  is  distinctly 
understood  not  to  be  the  “freson,”  which 
means  the  clump  or  Alpine  plant.  The 
“freson”  we  have  here  succeeding  in  one 
small  village  near  the  city,  but  it  does 
not  succeed  in  the  “fresa”  or  Irapuato 
district.  It  is  also  an  everbearer  of  good 
quality,  but  not  so  productive  as  the  lat¬ 
ter. 

The  better  American  varieties  have  been 
brought  here  for  trial  many  times,  but  I 
do  not  know  of  anyone  who  has  made 
them  succeed  or  even  grow  well.  They 
dwindle  and  die  off  as  if  lacking  vigor  or 
strength  to  stand  the  conditions.  It  may 
deserve  noting  here  that  in  the  French  cata¬ 
logues  are  both  “fresas”  and  “fresons,”  but 
what  relations  they  bear  to  the  only  two 
varieities  that  succeed  here  can  only  be  con¬ 
jectured.  It  may  be  that  from  France  they 
were  introduced.  L.  E.  benton.  • 

Mexico. 


TO  TREE 
SURGEONS 


You  will  soon  be  busy  operating. 
Have  you  modem  up-to-date  in¬ 
struments,  to  do  fast,  easy  and  per¬ 
fect  work  and  save  tirpe  and  money? 
If  not,  investigate.  Our  Kansas 
Pruning  Knife  Improved  is  auto¬ 
matic — no  hand  levers  to  bother. 

Our  Happy  Thought  Knife  for  light  work  has 
pump-gun  action  which  means  something. 
Illustrated  circulars  for  the  asking . 

INTERNATIONAL  TOOL  CO. 

49-51  Porter  Street,  DETROIT,  MICH. 


rrrn  ftllTC  Read’s  Green  Mountain  Won- 
dEKLU  UQ  I  V  derful  new  variety.  Yields 
130  bus.  to  acre.  Absolutely  rustproof.  Outyielded 
Swedish  Select  in  five-year  test.  Circular  free. 

fi.  A.  READ,  Read’s  Experiment  Farms.  Charlotte,*Vt. 

rnn  CAI  E— 1 Canada  Peas, $1.85bushel;  Alas. 
rUll  OALC  ka  Peas  $4.00  bushel;  Cow  Peas. 
$2.25  bushel;  Crimson  Clover  Seed,  $8.50  bushel. 
Sow  Canada  Peas  and  Oats  in  March  and  harvest 
a  crop  of  Hay  in  Mav.  Onion  Sets  at.  $2.25  per 
bnsliel.  JOSEPH  E.  HOLLAND.  Milford,  Del. 


OATS 


alog  free. 


THAT  YIELD.  Our  Sensation  Oats 
breaks  all  records.  Nothing  like  it. 
Also  SEED  CORN.  Samples  and  cat- 

THEO.  BURT  &  SONS,  MELROSE,  OHIO. 


ONION  SEED- 


We  are  headquarters  for  a  full  line  of  Stras- 
burg,  Flat  Danvers  and  Yellow  Globe  Onion 
Seed.  Try  them  for  No.  1  stock.  Get  prices. 
- THEILMANN  SEED  CO.,  ERIE,  PA. - 


ONION  C 'P'CTv— Fancy  home-grown  stock. 
v-J it  1 V-/ it  *3  ECU  Send  for  samples  and 
prices.  J.  B.  QUIRK,  North  Madison,  Ohio. 

CATALOG  FREE 

The  Best  MEYER  & 

<JfMwhprrv  superior  son, 
OiraWDerry  The  Best  Bridoeville,  Del. 


Dpnrh  ELBERTA 
x  CdUI  The  Best 


Manufacturers  of  all 
kinds  of  fruit  baskets 
and  crates.  Write  for 
Catalogue  and  Price 
List. 

WEBSTER  BASKET  COMPANY, 

Box  431.  Webster.  Monroe  Co..  N.  Y. 


WHOLESALE  PRICES 


On  Strawberry,  Raspberry,  Blackberry,  Gooseberry, 
Currant,  Asparagus  and  Grape  Plants,  Heavy  Rooted. 

Hlgb  Grade  Stock.  19tb  Annual  Catalogue  Free. 
fi.  R-  WESTON  &  CO.,  R.  8  Bridgman.  Mich. 

200  Bushels  of  Strawberries 
From  a  Single  Acre 

One  of  our  patrons  made  this  record  with 
plants  bought  of  us.  Just  a^k  a  commission 
man  what  this  quantity  of  fruit  would  have  . 
brought  the  grower  any  year  lately,  and  /g 
you’ll  see  that  there's  money  in  berries .  * 

Knight’s  Free  Book 
on  Small  Fruit 


Tells  the  best  Strawberries,  Rasp¬ 
berries,  Blackberries,  Dewberries, 
Gooseberries,  Currants,  etc.,  and  just 
how  to  groov  them.  Knight’s  plants 
have  a  national  reputation  for  superior 
quality  and  high  vigor.  Send  todajr 
for  free  copy  of  our  catalogue, 

David  Knight 
&  Son 

i 

Box  56  Sawyer,  Micb. 


5,000  QUARTS  OF 

STRAWBERRIES 

in  September  and  October 
from  one  acre  by  planting 
Kevitt’s  New  Fall-Bearing 
Plants.  This  I  guarantee  or 
I  will  return  your  money 
paid  for  plants.  Send  for  my 
catalogue.  Over  five  new 
fall-bearing  varieties. 

T.  C.  KEVITT,  ATHENIA,  N.  J. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS— New  and  old  varieties.  Send 
for  new  Ulus.  Catalogue  for  1911.  Prices  from 
$1.50  per  1,000  up.  DAVID  RODWAY,  Hartly,  Del. 

STRAWBERRY  Plants.  Send  for  free  catalog.  Large 
stock  Miller,  best  red  raspberry,  only  $5  per  1000.  Also, 
eggs  for  hatching.  Pure  W.  Wy.  and  B.  P.  R.,  26  eggs 
for  $1.25.  Slaymaker  &  Son,  Wyoming,  DeL 


Perfection  Red  Raspberry 

a  a.  _ a. TI22  _  ut:ij n 


March  11, 

THE  APPLE  BUSINESS 

Is  a  sure  thing — if  you  have  the  right  kind  of 
a  tree.  People  may  plant  too  many  oranges 
but  the  good  old  apple  is  a  sure  thing.  The 
time  to  get  in  with  that  hillside  is  right  now 
— this  Spring. 

There  is  some  discussion  about  the  best 
aged  tree  to  plant.  Some  want  big  trees  and 
some  little  whips.  We  have  them  all! 

The  size  is  a  matter  of  opinion  but  every¬ 
body  agrees  that  the  health  and  life  of  the 
tree  is  more  important.  We  put  life  and 
health  in  our  trees — or  they  do  it  themselves. 

They  grow  in  strong  ground  with  no 
check  from  start  to  finish  and  with  a  long 
fall  season  to  harden  and  ripen  their  woods. 

They  are  sound,  free  from  disease  and 
ready  to  grow.  Every  variety  you  want 
and  every  tree  right. 

The  Catalog  tells  all  about  it. 

HARRISON’S  NURSERIES,  t  Box  15,  BERLIN,  MD. 

'R0WONI0NS 


.BEST  SEED/ 

iNLVr 


Start  Right  with  GOOD  SEED 

i  Wc  know  that  our  Seed  is  EXTRA 
GOOD,  and  supply  yearly  many  of 
*  the  largest  growers. 

$150  TO  $300  PER  ACRE 

IS  WITHIN  YOUR  REACH 

We  have  an  enormous  crop  of  best;  ; 
commercial  varieties  and  make 
Special  Low  I’rices  On  quantity. 
Tell  us  how  many  acres  you  will 
plant  in  Onions  and  what  varie¬ 
ties  and  we  will  send  samples 
and  rock  bottom  prices.  Better 
write  now — it's  worth  your  while. 
Also  any  other  seeds  you  need. 

Henry  Field  Seed  Co. 

No.  26  Field  Bldg., 
SHENANDOAH,  IA 


1/ 

.;  t  \  t  >  r  >,Jn;  .1; 

i'  zS 
U  I  !  VtY  Pi 


o°f  O  f,  g  a  4 

C  -°  C  °  O  O  r\ 

»  %  o  O  o  c  X 
O  S  %  cc  $>  ai 

Q 


PAPPP  POT C — Three-inch,  $1 .25  a  1 ,000, 
1  nr  Cl\  TUI  J  four-inch,  $1.75  a  1,000, 
P.  B.  CROSBY  &  SON,  Oatonsville,  Md, 

STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  for  Business.  Fancy 
Berries.  That’s  what  talks.  Leading  varieties. 
Catalogue  free.  D.  M.  TEETER,  Belleville,  Ohio. 

Strawberry  Plants^roTirL™ 

at  51. 00  per  1.000  and  up.  Catalogue  free. 
_ ALLEN  BROS.,  PAW  PAW,  MICH. 

Qtrau/horru  Plante  of  tho  Besfc  varieties. 

uUunUCliy  nail  15  Descriptive  Catalogue 
Free.  BASIL  PERRY,  D.  18,  Cool  Spring,  Del. 

TRAWDERRY  PLANTS  only  $1.50  &  $1 .76  per  1000.  Illus. 
Catalogue  Free.  S.  A.  VIRDIN,  Hartly,  Del. 


S 


PLANTS 


Our  free  book  quotes 
lowest  prices,  honestly 
describes  60  varieties, 
explains  C.  O.  I>.  plan, 
tells  how  to  plant  and  grow  strawberries,  rasp¬ 
berries,  blackberries,  grapes,  etc. 

A.  G.  BLOUNT,  Dept.  A,  Hastings,  N.  Y. 

TWO  Million  .Berry  Plants  at  Attractive  Prices. 

Full  line  of  Fruit  Trees.  Miller  Red  Rasp- 
berryplants*5.00per  thousand.  Send  forprice  list. 

ELMER  A.  PRIESTLEY,  Winslow.  New  Jersey,  R.  F  D.  No  1. 

6  PACKETS  Garden  Seeds, 

NORRIS  W.  ADAMS.  Worcester.  Mass. 

CCtnC  Clovers;  Medium  Red,  Mammoth, 
WktUw  Alsike,  Alfalfa;  Timothy, Blue  Grass. 
B.ed  Top,  Soy  Beans,  Cow  Peas,  Oats,  Corn,  etc. 
Send  for  prices  and  samples.  _ 

ZACK  HA  VIS  CO.,  Delaware  Ohio 

POTATOES — miss,  Bovae,  Carman,  Cobbler,  King,  Longfellow, 
Queen,  Koae,  Wouder.  85  kinds.  C.  W.  FORD,  Fisher*,  N.  Y 

SWEET  POTATO  SEED,  DEWBERRY  AND 
Strawberry  Plants,  Asparagus  Roots,  Grape 
Vines.  Catalog  free.  MICHAEL  N.  B0RG0,  Vineland,  N.  J. 

N.  WERTHEIMER  &  SON 

Choice  seeds  bought  direct  from  the  farmer  and  sold 
direct  to  the  farmer.  We  offer  you  the  choicest 
seeds,  doubly  recleaned,  Medium  and  Mammoth 
Clover  Seed,  Alsike,  Alfalfa.  Timothy,  Crimson 
Clover,  White  Clover,  Red  Top,  Orchard  Grass, 
Blue  Grass,  Lawn  Grass,  all  kinds  of  Corn,  Spring 
and  Winter  Wheat,  Buckwheat,  all  kinds  of  Peas. 
Samples  and  prices  sent  on  application.  #  *  * 

N.  WERTHEIMER  &  SON  LIGONIER,  INDIANA 

55.  kills  Prairie  Dogs, 

Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
and  Grain  Insects. 
“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exeeed- 


ifi 


FUMA 


r — The  best  ever. 

Ironclad  in 

hardiness;  most  prolific.  Wilder  'Currant  Bushes. 

Send  for  circular.  VALLEY  VIEW  FRUIT 
FARM,  Marlborough,  N.  Y. 

Argenteuil  Asparagus  Roots^fffiS,  imputed 

seed.  E^^^£^’BE^KiiAN!MiddIetown.  N.  J.  _ ___ _ 

■  AdiniAIIO  six  varieties  of  healthy,  thrifty  one  and  two-year-old  roots. 
n\pn|{n|«IJN  -A-lso’  full  *ine  Fruit  Trees,  Ornamental  Strawberry  Plants,  ^  mes, 
Vm  I  nilHw  V  W  California  Privet,  Garden  Tools,  Spraying  Outfits,  etc. 

Write  for  catalog  and  valuable  Spraying  Chart.  It’s  FREE. 

ARTHUR  J.  CORUUNS,  Box  R,  Moorestown,  N.  J. 


1  ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

j  ewith  “  Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  ”a“  & 

J  EDWARD  R.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Tan,  N.  Y» 


ROOTS. 


In  order  to  get  people  to  try  our  plants,  we  have  decided  to  cut  OUR 
prices  in  two  on  the  following  leading  varieties,  knowing  that  if  "KILE 


“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 


I  we  sell  you  once,  we  will  hold 
’  your  trade  for  years  to  come. 

All  plants  securely  packed 
for  shipment  by  express.  If 
you  order  all  these,  you  save 
$4.25.  If  you  want  plants  in  large 
quantities,  let  us  price  your  list, 
tie  are  headquarters  for  the  new¬ 
est  and  best  in  everything,  including 
,  Royal  Purple 


Fall  Bearing  strawberries 

and  Idaho  raspberries,  Early  Ozark  strawberry,  Hastings  potato, 
etc.  28  years  of  experience.  Catalogue  free.  Address 

L.  J.  FARMER,  Box  120,  Pulaski,  New  York 


2  dozen  Dunlap  strawberry  plants  25c, 
2  dozen  Norwood  ” 

2  dozen  Champion  ” 

2  dozen  Cuthbert  red  raspberry 
2  dozen  Plum  Farmer  blk.  rasp. 

2  dozen  Snyder  blackberry  plants 
2  dozen  asparagus  roots  .... 

6  Concord  grape  vines  .... 

6  red  gooseberry  plants  .... 

6  red  currant  plants  ..... 

6  rhubarb  roots . 30c, 

2  outdoor  roses . 25c, 


1011. 

PLAIN  FACTS  ABOUT  SPRAYING. 

When  and  How  to  Do  It. 

Part  II. 

Where  good  help  is  plenty  and  avail¬ 
able  the  hand  sprayer  is  not  only  prac¬ 
tical  but  sometimes  desirable.  No  one 
should  get  a  power  sprayer  who  is  not 
mechanic  enough  to  keep  it  in  good  con¬ 
dition,  for  he  will  never  get  any  service 
from  it.  On  the  other  hand  where  help 
is  scarce,  sometimes  the  only  way  to 
get  the  work  done  is  to  depend  upon 
the  power  rig,  so  I  do  not  believe  any¬ 
one  is  competent  to  advise  what  kind 
of  outfit  to  use,  except  he  knows  some 
of  the  conditions  of  the  party  to  make 
the  purchase. 

Applying  Mixtures.— Taking  up  the 
application  of  the  mixtures  in  the  order 
of  their  relative  importance,  I  consider 
the  one  for  scale  first.  We  can  grow 
good  trees  without  growing  good  fruit, 
but  we  cannot  grow  good  fruit  without 
growing  good  trees,  and  a  tree,  be  it 
ever  so  good,  will  not  remain  so  long  if 
badly  infested  with  scale.  The  greatest 
number  of  live  scales  generally  winter 
over  on  the  lower  sides  of  the  limbs; 
consequently  it  is  important  that  the 
covering  of  the  lower  or  under  surfaces 
of  every  limb  is  complete,  for  this  pur¬ 
pose  the  elbow  and  nipple  should  be 
used  setting  the  nozzle  at  right  angle 
to  the  rod.  Begin  near  the  top  of  the 
tree,  gradually  coming  down,  working 
the  rod  constantly,  as  with  a  good  spray 
an  instant  is  enough  to  cover  the  por¬ 
tion  on  which  the  spray  is  playing.  Keep 
the  spray  always  directed  upward,  and 
continue  to  work  the  rod  downward 
until  you  get  it  under  the  lowest  limbs, 
when  the  lower  side  of  all  the  limbs 
and  twigs  on  the  windward  side  of  the 
tree  should  be  covered.  In  passing  the 
spray  up  through  the  tree  in  this  man¬ 
ner  much  of  the  mixture  drops  back, 
covering  the  top  of  that  side  of  the  tree 
to  quite  an  extent,  so  that  by  turning 
the  red  over,  which  will  make  the  stream 
play  down  from  above,  again  beginning 
at  the  top,  working  through  and  around 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


the  tree  downward  to  the  bottom,  that 
part  of,  or  side  of,  tree  should  be  com¬ 
pletely  covered.  However,  one  should 
make  frequent  examination,  and  be  sure 
there  are  no  skips.  If  we  stop  and  think 
that  a  scale  is  not  larger  than  the  head 
of  a  pin,  and  that  one  of  these  will  in¬ 
crease  to  one  million  in  a  favorable  sea¬ 
son,  we  can  realize  how  few  are  neces¬ 
sary  for  a  bad  reinfestation,  and  what 
effort  we  should  put  forth  to  cover  them 
all.  Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  lime 
used  as  a  marker  detracts  slightly  from 
the  efficacy  of  the  lime-sulphur  wash, 
yet  I  believe  it  desirable  that  those  not 
having  considerable  experience  should 
use  it,  enough  to  turn  the  trees  white 
when  dry;  then  by  passing  over  them 
later  they  can  be  easily  touched  up  where 
skips  have  been  made.  These  same 
methods,  followed  later  with  the  wind 
from  the  opposite  direction,  will  mean 
a  good  job.  There  is  little  danger  with 
this  application  of  getting  on  tec  much, 
yet  for  the  sake  of  economy  spraying 
should  stop  as  soon  as  tree  is  covered. 

The  combined  fungicide  and  insecticide, 
used  primarily  for  apple  scab  and  Cod¬ 
ling  moths,  is  perhaps  next  in  import¬ 
ance.  If  this  is  done  at  the  proper  time, 
which  is  before  petals  are  quite  all  off, 
the  blossoms  or  small  apples  will  stand 
mostly  upright  with  calyx  lobes  *  ex¬ 
tended.  These  are  the  things  to  be  con¬ 
sidered,  as  by  the  time  they  are  properly 
treated  the  rest  of  the  tree  will  have 
enough.  Because  these  do  stand  mostly 
upward,  the  greater  part  of  the  applica¬ 
tion  should  be  from  above  instead  of 
from  below,  as  in  the  case  of  scale.  Al¬ 
ways  keep  team  to  windward ;  use  el¬ 
bow  and  nipple  as  before,  only  always 
keep  the  stream  pointing  downward ; 
begin  at  bottom  of  tree,  work  the  rod 
well  in  through  all  parts  of  tree  as 
rapidly  as  possible,  working  gradually 
toward  the  top,  until  all  has  been  well 
covered.  The  tree  that  is  ideally  sprayed 
would  probably  have  every  drop  on  that 
it  would  hold  without  dripping,  yet  the 
only  true  index  to  a  good  application  is 
the  number  of  blossoms  that  contain  the 
mixture  on  some  part  of  the  lobes,  pis¬ 
tils,  or  in  the  cup.  No  matter  how  wet 
the  tree  may  be,  if  the  two  or  three 
central  blossoms  of  most  of  the  clusters 
do  not  contain  the  mixture  it  is  not  a 
good  application,  so  it  is  important  that 
frequent  examination  of  blossom  clus¬ 
ters  should  be  made  that  we  may  know 
rathei  than  guess  something  about  the 
application.  I  am  aware  that  one  of  the 


best  authorities  in  the  country  has  re¬ 
cently  said,  through  several  publications, 
that  applying  too  much  mixture  to  the 
trees  was  probably  the  most  prolific 
cause  of  burning.  No  doubt  this  is  so, 
and  yet  I  am  positive  we  cannot  reduce 
the.  amount  of  mixture  without  material¬ 
ly  increasing  the  number  of  wormy  ap¬ 
ples. 

Do  not  waste  much  time  trying  to 
spray  leeward  side  of  trees,  rather  get 
oyer  them  again  with  wind  in  opposite 
direction.  This,  of  course,  means  where 
quite  a  number  of  large  trees  are  to  be 
treated.  The  contact  sprays  for  aphis 
and  other  sucking  insects,  to  be  effective, 
must  be  applied  pretty  thoroughly  to 
the  lower  side  of  the  foliage,  and  before 
leaves  curl;  also  the  greater  the  pres¬ 
sure  the  better  the  result ;  otherwise 
work  with  the  wind  and  from  top  to 
bottom  of  tree  as  for  scale. 

Fungicide  for  Brown  Rot. — Spraying 
with  a  fungicide  for  brown  rot  in  stone 
fruit,  whether  used  early  in  connection 
with  arsenate  of  lead,  when  the  treat¬ 
ment  is  effective  also  for  curculio,  or 
used  before  gathering  for  rot  alone,  has 
for  its  object  the  protection  of  the  entire 
surface  of  fruit,  so  spray  must  be  applied 
plentifully  and  from  all  directions  for 
best  results.  In  any  spraying,  handling 
the  rod  and  directing  the  spray  always 
to  best  advantage  is  an  art,  and  is  only 
learned  by  practice,  and  my  advice  to 
anyone  who  has  or  expects  to  have 
spraying  to  do,  is  get  hold  of  the  rod 
himself  and  learn  all  he  can  about  it. 
No  man  can  direct  others  to  do  a  thing 
intelligently  who  does  not  know  how  to 
do  it  himself.  It  is  possible  for  almost 
anyone  i oho  wants  to  learn,  by  following 
directions,  and  putting  them  in  prac¬ 
tice,  to  be  able  to  do  a  pretty  good  job 
in  a  comparatively  short  time.  On  the 
other  hand,  few  will  ever  know  how  by 
simply  reading  the  directions  from  a 
book  or  paper,  so  do  not  wait  until  you 
know  all  about  it  from  this  source.  I 
know  one  man  who  has  been  reading  in¬ 
structions,  attending  meetings,  etc.,  for 
eight  years,  trying  to  learn  all  about  it 
before  he  started  to  spray,  with  the  re¬ 
sult  that  he  has  no  more  confidence  to¬ 
day  that  he  had  eight  years  ago,  and  in 
the  meantime  has  practically  lost  two 
good  orchards.  Other  men  in  the  same 
neighborhood  who  knew  no  more  about 
it  than  he  did,  but  who  studied  and 
acted  both,  are  considered  the  most  pro¬ 
gressive  fruit  growers  in  the  place.  It 
surely  looks  as  though  there  was  a  moral 
here,  and  it  is  “Get  busy.” 

WM.  HOTAIJNG. 


315 

BARTLETT  PEAR  ON  KIEFFER. 

H.  F.  <?.,  Hopkinton,  Mass. — In  issue  of 
October  22,  1910,  1  see  E.  S.  Black  an¬ 
swers  about  top-working  Kieffer  pear  trees. 
I  would  like  to  ask  a  few  questions:  Do 
the  scions  fail  to  grow  ?  If  they  grow  do 
they  form  a  good  union?  If  they  do,  are 
they  good  bearers?  If  so,  what  is  the 
quality  of  the  fruit?  I  see  George  T. 
Powell  says  the  liuest  Bartlett  trees  he 
has  are  top-worked  on  Kieffers.  Some  of 
our  most  prominent  nurserymen  are  ad¬ 
vocating  the  use  of  Kieffer  stock  for  Bose 
and  Winter  Nelis. 

A  ns. — H.  F.  G.  wishes  to  know  if 
grafts  of  European  pears  fail  to  grow 
when  inserted  in  Kieffer  stocks,  and  if 
they  do  grow,  do  they  form  a  good 
union,  and  if  they  are  good  bearers,  and 
what  would  be  the  quality  of  the  fruit. 
I  repeat  what  I  have  said  before  in 
answer  to  questions  about  using  Kieffer 
or  any  of  the  Oriental  or  hybrids  as  a 
stock  for  the  European  varieties — do 
not  do  it..  The  graft  of  a  Bartlett,  for 
instance,  inserted  in  a  Kieffer,  will  live 
equally  as  well  and  for  the  first  year 
grow  better  than  if  it  were  inserted  in 
another  vigorous  European  variety.  The 
union  to  all  outward  appearances  would 
be  perfect,  and  no  doubt  the  owner 
would  be  delighted  with  the  prospects 
of  the  future  orchard.  After  the  first 
year’s  growth,  let  the  grower  examine 
carefully  the  limbs  of  the  Kieffer  where 
the  Bartlett  grafts  look  so  promising, 
and  he  will  notice  that  the  Kieffer  limb 
has  not  made  any  growth  at  all;  that  it 
has  stood  still  and  allowed  its  European 
guest  apparently  to  occupy  the  whole 
house,  table,  food  and  all.  The  Kieffer’s 
bark  has  lost  its  lustre,  the  soft  velvety 
feeling  to  the  touch,  and  seems  to  be 
what  the  politicians  would  call  “sulking 
in  its  tent.”  The  second  year  the  Bart¬ 
lett  grafts  will  begin  to  show  trouble; 
they  will  make  but  little  growth,  and 
they,  too,  will  begin  to  show  lack  of 
nourishment,  and  that  its  host  has  re¬ 
fused  to  support  it.  I  have  tried  this 
again  and  again.  I  have  seen  it  tried 
by  others,  and  always  with  the  same  re¬ 
sults — absolute  failure.  The  quantity 
and  quality  of  fruit  grown  on  stunted, 
dying  trees  can  easily  be  imagined.  I 
have  heard  of  one  man  who  claimed  to 
have  been  successful  in  growing  the 
Seckel  on  Kieffer  stock,  but  no  other 
variety.  I  would  advise  H.  F.  G.  to 
graft  a  few  trees  and  learn  by  experience 
what  might  be  the  result  on  his  own 
place;  wait  until  the  second  year’s 
growth  has  been  completed  before  de¬ 
ciding.  Miracles  have  and  are  yet  be¬ 
ing  performed,  and  one  of  them  would 
be,  to  me,  an  orchard  of  Bartletts  doing 
well  on  Oriental  stocks.  e.  s.  black. 


THE  USE  OF 


RED  CROSS 
LOW  FREEZING  DYNAMITE 

For  Blasting  Subsoil  and  Hard  Pan 

IMPROVES  ALL  KINDS  OF  LANDS  FOR  ALL  KINDS  OF  CROPS 


J.  H.  Caldwell,  of  Spartanburg,  South  Carolina,  increased  his  corn  crop  33  per  cent  bv 
blasting  the  ground  with  dynamite. 

M.  T.  Williams,  of  Medicine. Lodge,  Kansas,  blasted  nearly  worthless  land  and  made  it  worth 
ten  times  as  much  as  it  was  before. 

The  Hale-Georgia  Orchard  Co.,  Fort  Valley,  Georgia,  blasted  holes  in  which  to  plant  young 
trees  with  the  result  that  these  trees  grew  twice  as  quickly  as  any  others. 

J.  B.  Shaffer,  Sedgwick  Co.,  Kansas,  blasted  a  row  of  holes  across  a  forty-acre  swamp  and 
raised  1,600  bushels  of  oats  on  the  ground  it  had  occupied. 

G.  W.  Phelps,  Riverside,  Cal.,  blasted,  between  orange  trees  and  greatly  improved  the  fruit. 


J 


Write  for  Farmer  s  Handbook 


E.  I.  DU  PONT  DE  NEMOURS  POWDER  COMPANY 

Established  1802  WILMINGTON*  DEL.,  U.  S.  A. 


316 


Write  for 
FREE 
Style  Book 


®; 


Save $8 

Suit  or 
Overcoat 
Direct 
from  Mill 

$10  to 

$18 

(Made-to-Order) 

Worth 

$18  to  $30 

B 


You  can  wear  clothes  as  stylish  as  can  be 
bought  on  Fifth  Avenue.  New  York,  and  pay 
for  them  at  living  prices,  because  we  save  you 
the  middleman’s  profit.  Our  suits  and  coats 
are  of  fine  material,  and  are  handsomely 
tailored. 

We  pay  express  charge*  East  of  Mississippi 
and  make  allowances  West  of  it. 

Our  book  offers  a  wide  variety  of  patterns 
from  which  to  choose.  A  post-card  request 
brings  it  to  you. 

GLEN  ROCK  WOOLEN  CO. 

Main  Street  Somerville,  N.  J. 


® 


Direct  from  Factory,  Freight  Prepaid 
and  Guaranteed  by  the  Manufacturer 

You  can  buy  a  Gold  Coin  Stove  from  us  #5  to 

less  than  dealer  a 
prices.  We  pay  freight; 
safe  delivery  insured, 
polished  and  all  ready 
to  set  up. 

“Satisfaction  or  your 
money  back  any  time 
within  1  year” 
is  our  written 
guaranty, 
free  Catalog 
— Illustrates 
all  our  Moves. 
Gives  Price 
List  and  tells  our 
Plan  and  Offer. 
Send  for  it. 

Gold  Coin  Stove  Co. 

3  Oak  St.  Troy,  N.  Y. 


YOU  JUST  PULL  AND  LET  GO 

No  knots  to  tie  or  untie.  The  Samson  grip  holds 
the  clothes  line  tight;  no  props  required.  A 
moment’s  work,  ami  so  easy,  for  any  woman  to  put 
a  line  up  tight,  or  take  it  down.  Every  home  needs 
them.  .Send  for  sample  set,  25  cents. 

A  Money  Maker  for  Agents. 

OI.IVER  ELECTRIC  CO..  Inc., 

204  Hale  Bldg.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 


Don’t  Buy  Nitrates 

Fertilize  With 

FARMQGERM 

High-Bred 
Nitrogen- 
Gathering 
Bacteria 


the 


;i  i 


Why  buy  expensive 
nitrate  fertilizers  when 
you  can  save  most  of  the 
money  and  all  of  the  time  and 
work  of  spreading,  and  get  much 

better  results?  Put  the 
bacteria  in  your  soil  that 
will  draw  nitrogen  from 
the  air  and  convert  it  into 
all  the  nitrates  the  crop  can' 
use  and  store  still  more  ini 
soil  for  future  crops  of 
any  kind.  Farmogerm 
contains  the  right  bac¬ 
teria  in  the  right  con¬ 
dition.  That’s  why  it 
will  produce  a  bumper 
crop  of  any  legume, 
Price,  §2.00  an  Acrb. 
Garden  Size,  50c. 
Ready  for  use.  Just 
mix  with  water,  mois- 
llil!*.-' '  il  ten  seed  or  spray.  Bac- 
s'lilM  teria  guaranteed  to  be 
iKiiLin  right.  Put  up  for  use 
with  Alfalfa,  Peas, 
Beans,  all  garden  and 
field  varieties,  all  the 
Clovers,  Vetch,  Sweet 
Peas  and  all  legumes. 
Gives  better  results  than  nitrate 
lof  soda  at  fraction  of  cost  and  labor. 

LET  US  PROVE  IT. 

Write  for  FREE  BOOK  T  which  gives  full  par¬ 
ticulars.  When  you  order  a  bottle,  mention  crop  you 
wish  to  try  it  on.  Get  our  letters  from  users  and  our 
reports  from  high  authorities.  All  in  this  book. 

Earp-Thomas  Farmogerm  Co.  Bloomfield. 


Fit  Save  You  $50 

On  a  Manure  Spreader 

r-If  You'll  Let  Me 

This  is  just  a  little  ad— but  a  postal  will  bring  my  Big 
Book — and  give  you  my  $50.00  Saving  Price  and  Special 
Proposition.  Y ou  can  save  as  much  answering  this  little  ad¬ 
vertisement  as  if  it  coveted  a  page. 

My  Spreader  positively  will  do  better  work  and  last  longer 
than  any  Spreader  made — no  mat- Frcloht 
ter  what  the  price— so  why  pay 

more?  40,000  farmers  havo  rSMU 

stamped  tholr  O.  K.  onf - 

my  spreader  and  money* 
saving  price.  My  Special 
Proposition  wiil  interest  you.  * 

Just  a  postal  addressed  to  Gal¬ 
loway  of  Waterloo,  Iowa,  will* 
bring  you  everything  postpaid. 

Will  You  Pay  a  Penny  For 
The  Postal  and  Save  $50.00? 

Address  Wm.  Galloway,  Pres. 

WM.  CALLOWAY  CO. 

669  Calloway  Sta.  Waterloo,  la. 


THEC  RURAL 

Transplanting  Large  Grapevines. 

E.  O.  A.,  Woonsocket,  R.  I. — Can  old 
grapevines  30  to  40  years  old  be  moved? 
How  low  can  the  old  stock  be  cut  back? 
I  have  some  very  nice  old  vines  I  would 
like  to  move  from  the  city  to  the  country 
if  they  will  not  get  homesick  and  die. 

Ans. — The  proposition  to  move  an  old 
grapevine  is  a  novel  one,  as,  new  ones 
grow  rapidly  and  bear  early.  Of  course, 
the  moving  is  only  a  matter  of  ex¬ 
pense,  gr.eat  care  in  taking  up  and 
handling.  But  grape  roots  spread  so 
much  more  widely  proportionately  than 
apples  that  it  will  be  difficult  to  handle 
them  properly.  I  have  never  attempted 
moving  old  vines.  As  to  the  cutting 
back  I  think  that  will  depend  largely 
on  present  shape.  I  doubt  if  a  large 
trunk  would  break  out  in  proper  shape, 
but  smaller  branches  would  do  so.  A 
heavy  cutting  back  would  more  prob¬ 
ably  result  in  a  lot  of  new  shoots  at  the 
base  or  root.  While  I  think  the  vines 
would  live,  I  doubt  if  the  moving  would 
have  any  better  results  at  the  end  of 
five  years  than  with  some  new  strong 
two-year  vines  properly  trained. 

Conn.  Exp.  Station.  a.  g.  gulley. 


NEW-YORKER 


Care  of  Your  Apple  Trees. 

II.  M.  S.,  Dover,  N.  II. — Having  come  in 
possession  of  a  large  farm  five  years  ago, 
being  an  ideal  spot  for  a  large  orchard,  hav¬ 
ing  400  old  trees  starved  and  neglected,  I 
have  set  12  acres  to  young  trees  in  three 
orchards  with  south,  north  and  west  cants, 
soil  gravelly  loam,  in  parts  some  ledgy,  set 
in  sod  40  feet  part.  At  setting  a  good 
coat  of  barn  manure  was  spread  on  top  of 
ground  and  covered  with  hay.  There  has 
been  no  fertilizer  applied  since.  Trees 
sot  1908  have  made  very  small  growth,  1909  ! 
did  better,  and  1910  still  better.  The  three  1 
years  have  been  exceedingly  dry.  I  cannot 
cultivate  these  orchards,  but  want  to  use 
fertilizer  that  will  he  best  to  force  the  j 
growth  and  maturity  of  trees.  While  at-  j 
tending  the  New  England  apple  show  last  ] 
Fall  I  found  many  advocated  for  protection 
from  mice  and  borers  to  paint  with  pure  j 
white  lead  and  best  linseed  oil,  from  below 
surface  to  well  into  limns.  Can  you  say 
anything  for  or  against  it?  What  would 
you  recommend  for  spray  for  small  trees? 

Ans.— -Our  experience  is  that  trees 
planted  in  this  way  often  make  but  a 
slow  growth  during  the  first  year  or 
so.  They  usually  recover  and  do  better 
when  firmly  established.  In  some  cases 
such  soil  is  very  sour,  and  this  organic 
matter,  like  manure,  is  slow  to  give  up 
its  nitrogen.  Lime  scattered  around  the 
trees  would  help  this,  but  we  should  use 
a  pound  to  24  ounces  of  nitrate  of  soda 
to  each  young  tree — scattered  not  less 
than  a  foot  away  from  the  trunk.  This 
will  start  them  going.  Is  it  not  possible 
to  plow  narrow  strips  along  the  rows  of 
these  trees?  This  would  give  a  chance 
to  cultivate  lightly  and  would  help, 
without  plowing  the  entire  orchard.  We 
are  slow  to  advise  painting  trees  as  pro¬ 
tection  from  mice  and  borers.  While 
some  report  success  others  have  killed 
the  trees.  We  dig  borers  out  and  pro¬ 
tect  by  mounding  with  earth  or  covering 
with  wood  or  paper.  The  spray  to  use 
will  depend  on  what  troubles  the  tree — 
whether  scales,  disease  or  leaf-eating  in¬ 
sects.  L.ime  and  sulphur  comes  the  near¬ 
est  to  being  a  cure-all — with  arsenic 
added  for  the  leaf-eaters. 


Part  of  Trinidad  Asphalt  Lake 

The  costliest  roofings 
are  the  roofings  that 
don’t  last. 

The  roofing  that  does 
last  is  made  of  Trinidad 
Lake  Asphalt — 

Genasco 

the  Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt  Roofing 

Other  roofings  all  have  their 
drawbacks:  Shingles  crack, 
split,  and  rot;  tin  rusts;  slate 
breaks  and  blows  loose;  coal- 
tar  gets  brittle  and  cracks;  so 
do  the  many  socalled  “asphalt” 
roofings,  because  they  lack 
the  “live”  lasting  qualities  of 
natural  asphalt. 

Genasco  has  the  natural  oils  of 
Trinidad  Lake  asphalt  sealed  in  it; 
and  they  keep  the  roofing-  always 
pliable  and  strong-  and  defensive 
ag-ainst  all  weathers.  Genasco 
doesn’t  crack,  rot,  rust,  or  break. 
It  is  permanently  waterproof.  That 
means  real  economy. 

It  pays  to  cover  the  roof  of 
every  building-  on  the  farm  with 

Genasco.  Fully  guaranteed. 

The  Kant-leak  Kleet  prevents  nail- 
leaks,  and  waterproofs  the  roofing-seams 
without  cement.  Makes  Genasco  easier 
to  apply  than  ever. 

Ask  your  dealer  for  Genasco  mineral  or 
smooth  surface  Roofings  with  Kant-leak  Kleets 
packed  in  the  roll.  Write  us  for  the  Good  Roof 
—  Guide  Book  and  samples. 

The  Barber  Asphalt 
Paving  Company 

Largest  producers  of  asphalt,  and  largest 
manufacturers  of  ready  roofing  In  tho  world 

Philadelphia 

San  Francisco  Chicago 

Cross-sectionGenascoSmooth-surfaceRoofing 

!!■  mm  I  Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 

A cnhalt-saturated  Wool  Felt 
—  - i  Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 


Farmers’  Week  at  Cornell. 

About  2000  people,  largely  farmers  and 
their  families,  attended  this  annual  con¬ 
vention,  which  closed  February  25.  Some 
of  the  subjects  discussed  were :  Drainage, 
plant  breeding,  poultry,  dairying,  vegetable 
growing,  education,  social  life  in  the  coun¬ 
try,  etc.  There  were  295  lectures  given 
during  "the.  week,  thoroughly  covering  all 
fields  of  agriculture,  and  in  addition  the 
various  exhibits  of  the  agricultural  col¬ 
lege  work  were  staged  for  inspection. 

One  of  the  features  of  this  year’s  meet¬ 
ing  was  the  organization  of  a  New  York 
State  “Country  Bond,”  the  idea  being  to 
encourage  co-operation  among  farmers  in 
working  out  their  business  and  social  prob¬ 
lems.  It  is  planned  to  have  local  societies 
which  will  meet  frequently,  and  an  annual 
meeting  for  the  whole  State,  when  the 
year’s  work  can  be  discussed  and  plans 
made  for  the  future. 


Our  stormy  month  has  nearly  closed  ;  it 
has  been  an  old-fashioned  month  full  of 
wind  and  snow  flurries.  Not  much  ice  se¬ 
cured  as  yet  from  the  lake,  as  it  breaks  up 
just  as  it  gets  good.  Coarse  fodder  is  being 
consumed  in  good  shape.  Corn  seems  to 
be  damp,  not  shelling  well ;  farmers  thought 
it  ripe  when  cut,  but  the  season  was  none 
too  long  for  dent  corn.  There  is  much 
feeling  among  farmers  in  regard  to  the 
reciprocity  ti’eaty.  Hopewell  Grange  472  sent 
a  bill  of  resolutions  to  our  Senator,  re¬ 
questing  him  to  vote  against  the  bill.  We 
are  paying  a  high  price  for  clover  seed  and 
receiving  a  low  price  for  wheat,  potatoes 
and  cabbage.  Wheat,  80  cents  per  bushel ; 
oats,  35  cents ;  corn,  dull  at  55  cents ;  po¬ 
tatoes,  30  cents;  live  pork,  7%  cents  per 
pound ;  cabbage.  .$5  per  ton ;  carrots,  .$12 
per  ton  ;  eggs,  22  cents  per  dozen ;  butter, 
25  cents  per  pound.  Wo  had  a  good  farm¬ 
ers’  institute  at  Shortsville  last  week. 

Canandaigua,  N.  Y.  B.  t.  b. 


New  York 


FRUITS  AND 
FIELD  CROPS 

and  do  whitewashing  in  most  effectual,  economical, 
rapid  way.  Batiafaotion  guaranteed.  BROWN’S 


March  11, 

1911  DEYO  POWER  SPRAYERS 

IO  Years  of  Success 


FRIEND  FRUIT  GROWER:  Uncle  Sam  says 
you  must  spray.  Users  of  the  Deyo  are  relieved 
from  experimenting.  After  ten  years  of  service  the 
Deyo  is  still  giving  perfect  satisfaction.  Our  cus- 
tomers  are  our  reference,  ask  the  user.  We  sell 
direct  to  you.  Deyo  pays  all  freights  to  Missis¬ 
sippi  River  shipping  points.  Write  for  catalogue  19. 

DEVO-MACEY  ENGINE  CO.,  Binghamton,  N.Y. 

Spraying 

Guide  Free 


“KANT-KLOG” 

SPRAYERS 


Something  New 

Gets  twice  the  results— 
with  same  laborand  fluid. 

Flat  or  round,  fine  or  coarse  sprays 
from  same  nozzle.  Ten  styles.  For 
trees,  potatoes,  gardens,  whitewashing, 
etc.  Agents  Wanted,  Booklet  Free. 

Rochester  Spray  Pump  Co. 


Write  For  Special  Low 
Price  Ora  This  Compiete 

Spraying 

Outfit 

Barrel,  pump,  extension  pipe, 
nozzle  agitator,  hose,  everything 
complete  and  of  the  best.  Just 
fill  barrel  and  go  to  work.  Fit¬ 
tings  of  brass,  hemp  packing. 

Sprays  hot,  cold  or  any  caustic 
solution  perfectly.  Equal  to  larg¬ 
est  operations  in  orchard  or  field. 

Develops  greatest  power  with  least 
labor.  Pump  sits  inside  barrel, 
keeping  it  steady.  Others  arc 
top-heavy  and  tip  over.  Write 
for  catalog  describing  this  and  our 
complete  line  of  spraying  tools 
and  insecticides. 

ROSS  BROS.  CO.,  13  Front  St.,  Worcester,  Mass: 


SPRA 

Use  a  pump  that  lasts 
and  drives  the  spray 
mixture  home, 
lames  All-Brass  Perfection 
Bucket  Spray  Pump 
is  the  best  made  for  efficient  work. 

JUdc  of  seamless  brass,  n  o 
threads.  Easily  taken  apart.  1’rico,  (Including 
S-ft.  rubber  hose  and  2  nozzles)  Only  $3.00. 

Barnes  Double  Acting  Barrel  Pump 

All  brass  working  part.  In  contact  with  liquid.  ThrowB  liquid 
with  immense  force;  ono  stroke  of  handle  sustains  flpray  2  minutes 
t,n  l  ever.  A  marvel  amorg  high  grade  snrayers.  Completo  with 
{j-ft.  hose  and  Vermorcl  nozzle,  $9.00.  With* 

Vcrmorel  nozzle,  $10.00. 

\V  o  make  over  300  styles  and  sizes  of  pumps 
catalog. 

BARNES  MFG.  CO.,  Dept.22,  Mansfield,  Otio 


With  two  loads  hoso  and 
Write  for  FREE 


>Spray  with 
for 


the  Comet 
Surest  Results 


SPRAY 

and  do  whitewashini 
rapid  way.  Batisfa 

POWERR  Auto-Sprays 

No.  1 ,  shown  here,  is  fitted  with  Auto-Pop  Nozzle- 
does  work  of  3  ordinary  sprayers.  Endorsed  uy  Ex- 
'  porirnent  Stations  and  300,000  others.  40  styles  and 
)  sizes  of  hand  and  power  sprayers— also  prices 
id  valuable  spraying  guide  in  our  Frco  Book. 
Writ©  postal  now. 

THE  E.  C.  BROWN  COMPANY 

2  s  Joy  St.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


TRAPPERS  AND  HUNTERS. 


Fure  are  high.  A  fact  which  you  are  all  probably  ac¬ 
quainted  with.  But  the  question  is,  Are  you  getting 
highest  market  '-slue  for  yours  ?  Remember  we  do  not 
charge  any  commission;  pay  all  express  charges;  will 
hold  your  goods  separate  for  approval  of  our  valuation, 
when  requested,  and  if  not  satisfactory  will  return  and 
pay  all  cmarges.  Don't  you  think  we  are  entitled  to  a 
trial  shipment  on  the  strength  of  the  foregoing?  For 
further  information  write  for  our  free  price  list  and 
Trappers'  Guide.  Make  us  a  trial  shipment  today. 

Abrahams  Fur  &  Wool  Co.,  Fur  Merchants,  Seymour,  Wis. 


Price 

§3.50 
$L50 

|j|.  Agents 

Comet  Sprayers  are  Easiest  to  Operate 

*  Simplest  in  construction — foot  Rest  is  at¬ 
tached  or  detached  instantly— H  ave  complete 
Agitator  and  Brass  Screen  which  prevent 
clogging  of  pump.  This  doubleacting  spray  throws 
a  continuous  stream  50  feet  or  spray  fine  as  a  mist. 
The  fruit  saved  from  a  choice  tree  will  more  than 
pay  for  it.  You  need  it  for  your  orchard,  vines, 
lawns  and  plants.  Very  durable— all  brass.  Weighs 
only  5  pounds.  Thousands  of  fruit  growers  and 
farmers  have  proved  it  a  success.  Just  try  it  for 
applying  liquid  poisons,  fertiliizers,  etc.  The  re¬ 
sults  will  surprise  you.  Best  propositlonforagents. 
Send  us  a  postal  for  full  information  about  this 
superior  sprayer  nmo.  Get  after  the  tree  and  plant 
pests  early  aiid  make  more  money. 

H.  B.  RUSLER  MFG.  CO, 

Dept.  6  JOHNSTOWN.  OHIO 


THtUewy/a'/  “SUCCESS  ” 

Twin  Cylinder  Power  Sprayer 

Light  High  Detachable 
Weight  Pressure  Engine 
SAVE  YOUR  FRUIT  — IT  PAYS 

Write  for  “Success”  catalog  No.  5. 

M'Heytf-War/HmR  Company' 

LjUfSinsTHiCHieAte.  U.S.A. 

140  SHERIDAN  STREET 


“ORCHARD  DIVIDENDS  Apples  from  trees  sprayed  with 

“SCALECIDE” 

some  as  many  as  nine  consecutive  times,  took  all  the  first  Prizes  ^t  t  New^Jersey 
Horticultural  Society  Meeting;  all  the  first  prizes  this  year  and  last  at  tne 
Horticultural  Society  Meeting ;  a  long  list  of  svveen^akes  and  first  prizes  at 
England  Fruit  Show  in  Boston  ;  also  first  prize  at  the  Ohio  State  i?  air. 

Write  for  full  information  and  Booklets,  “ Orchard  Dividends t”  and 
» Modern  Methods  of  Harvesting,  Grading,  and  Racking  Apples.'  Eoth  tree. 

B.  G.  PRATT  CO.,  Manufacturing  Chemists,  50  Church  St.,  New  York* 


1911. 


NUT  GROWING  IN  THE  NORTH. 

Part  I. 

From  the  earliest  times  nuts  have 
been  known  as  a  source  of  human  food. 
The  aborigines  of  this  and  other  coun¬ 
tries  have  always  used  them  because 
they  were  one  of  the  natural  products 
of  the  soil,  .are  rich  in  oil  and  other 
elements  of  food,  are  wholesome,  nour¬ 
ishing  and  pleasing  to  the  taste.  The 
cocoanut  and  other  nuts  that  are  borne 
by  various  tropical  palm  trees  enter 
largely  into  the  commerce  and  food  sup¬ 
ply  of  the  world.  The  temperate  zones 
also  furnish  many  species  of  nuts,  and 
North  America  is  by  no  means  behind 
in  this  respect.  But  until  within  recent 
years  there  has  been  little  done  in  that 
way  of  cultivating  any  of  the  native  or 
foreign  species,  except  in  California, 
where  the  almond  and  European  wal¬ 
nut  have  been  extensively  planted  for 
many  years  past.  Now  the  Eastern 
States  are  awakening  on  this  subject, 
and  both  north  and  south. 

The  Pecan. — For  many  years  past  the 
pecan  has  been  attracting  great  atten¬ 
tion,  and  it  is  the  best  nut  in  all  the 
world,  but  it  is  adapted  almost  entirely 
to  the  Southern  States.  That  is  its 
principal  native  home,  although  there 
are  wild  pecan  trees  as  far  north  as 
southern  Iowa.  Some  of  the  most  gi¬ 
gantic  pecan  trees  that  exist  are  in  the 
Wabash  and  Ohio  River  bottoms  in 
southern  Indiana.  But  the  nuts  of 
nearly  all  the  northern  pecan  trees  are 
small,  when  compared  with  the  choice 
varieties  of  the  Gulf  States,  and  their 
shells  are  usually  thick  and  the  kernels 
mixed  with  bitter  material.  However, 
there  are  a  few  varieties  of  the  northern 
type  that  have  thin  shells  and  rich, 
plump  meats  that  come  out  clean  and 
easily.  These  are  being  brought  to  light 
slowly,  and  in  time  we  hope  to  have  a 
list  of  named  varieties  worthy  of  being 
planted.  By  growing  seedlings  from 
the  best  of  the  wild  varieties  others  of 
excellence  may  be  produced,  and  more 
reasonably  so  if  crossing  with  the  large 
southern  varieties  is  practiced.  This 
will  surely  be  done  by  some  one  soon. 
For  the  present  I  know  of  but  four 
varieties  that  have  been  named  and  their 
propagation  begun  that  are  likely  to 
prove  valuable  in  the  north.  Two  of 
them  are  from  Virginia,  the  Mantura 
and  Appomattox,  and  these  are,  prob¬ 
ably,  not  so  hardy  as  the  other  two  be¬ 
cause  they  are  of  the  more  tender  south¬ 
ern  type.  Indiana  is  from  the  southern 
part  of  the  State  from  which  it  gets  its 
name,  and  is  quite  hardy.  The  other 
variety  is  the  Starkdale,  and  originated 
in  Missouri.  Trees  of  these  two  kinds 
are  not  ready  for  sale  as  yet.  To  plant 
seedlings  is  too  uncertain  of  good  re¬ 
sults  to  justify  the  trouble.  This  has 
been  tried  many  times  with  the  south¬ 
ern  pecans  and  with  great  disappoint¬ 
ment  in  almost  every  case. 

The  Shellbark  Hickories.  —  Al¬ 
though  the  pecan  is  the  most  important 
and  best  species  of  the  hickory  genus 
some  of  the  others  are  almost  equal  to 
it.  The  best  one  of  these  is  known  as 
the  Little  shellbark.  It  grows  naturally 
from  the  New  England  States  to  Min¬ 
nesota  and  Missouri,  but  is  most  abun¬ 
dant  from  Pennsylvania  to  Illinois.  In 
the  forest  the  tree  grows  large  and  tall, 
witii  a  slender  trunk  and  long  shaggy 
bark,  but  in  the  open  it  makes  a  full, 
round  head  above  a  low,  stout  trunk. 
All  of  the  hickories  make  beautiful 
shade  trees,  with  their  luxuriant  foliage 
and  spreading  tops,.  There  are  great 
differences  in  the  size,  shape,  thickness 
of  shell  and  flavor  of  the  nuts  of  the 
species  we  are  now  considering  and  in 
the  bearing  of  the  trees  as  well.  Al¬ 
most  any  country  boy  knows  this  full 
well,  and  just  where  to  go  to  get  the 
best  nuts  and  the  most  of  them  in  the 
frosty  days  of  Autumn.  So  far  there 
has  been  almost  nothing  done  towards 
marking,  naming  and  propagating  from 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


317 


the  choice  varieties  that  are  scattered 
about  the  country.  Some  of  them  are 
so  valuable  for  their  nuts  that  it  is 
highly  important  that  they  should  be 
saved  and  distributed  over  the  country 
as  grafted  trees  or  their  scions  or  buds 
set  into  others  that  may  thus  be  made 
to  yield  far  more  valuable  returns.  A 
little  has  been  done  in  this  direction, 
and  we  have  a  few  named  varieties  of 
very  fine  character  of  tree  and  nut. 
These  few  are  as  much  superior  to  the 
ordinary  run  of  the  wild  varieties  as 
our  best  apples  are  better  than  the 
fence-corner  seedlings.  Dr.  Robert  T. 
Morris,  one  of  the  greatest  surgeons  of 
New  York  City,  has  devoted  a  large 
part  of  his  time,  thought  and  money, 
outside  of  his  profession,  for  some  years 
past,  to  the  collecting  and  culture  of 
the  choice  hickorynuts,  along  with  other 
hardy  species  of  nuts,  and  we  may  look 
for  something  very  useful  to  come  from 
this  work.  Before  Dr.  Morris  began 
investigating  this  subject  there  were 
several  good  varieties  of  the  Little 
shellbark  hickory  known,  among  which 
are  the  Hales  and  Weiker.  A  very  few 
grafted  trees  of  each  of  these  varieties 
have  been  grown,  but  owing  to  the  ex¬ 
treme  difficulty  in  getting  the  grafts  or 
buds  to  take  on  the  stocks  their  propa¬ 
gation  by  nurserymen  is  not  now  carried 
on,  so  far  as  I  know,  nor  do  I  know 
of  any  other  choice  variety  of  hickory- 
nut  being  so  propagated.  However, 
their  great  value  and  the  demand  for 
the  trees  will  lead  to  their  production 
and  sale;  and  as  greater  skill  in  the 
art  of  budding  and  grafting  nut  trees 
is  acquired  it  is  probable  that  their  cost 
will  be  reduced. 

There  are  many  waste  patches,  cor¬ 
ners  or  little  fields  on  some  farms  that 
might  be  planted  to  the  choice  hickories. 
Even  if  the  land  is  rough  and  cannot 
be  easily  cultivated,  the  trees  will  grow 
on  it  very  well,  provided  it  is  rich 
enough  and  the  trees  are  deeply  mulched 
with  old  trash  to  keep  down  other 
growth  until  they  are  well  established. 
As  roadside  or  avenue  trees  there'  are 
few  trees  more  fitting  than  the  hickory. 
Added  to  their  beautiful  foliage  and 
comfortable  shade  in  Summertime,  is 
the  wealth  of  nuts  in  the  Fall.  Let  the 
hickories  be  planted. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


<£  fl  INI  Ig 

“•‘.BUYING  AHORSE  AND- 

SMITH  NEEDED  A  HORSE.  HE  KNEW  LITTLE 
ABOUT  HORSES,  SO  BOUGHT  ONE  OF  A  ••GYP’• 
FOR  $75.00.  HIS  "CHEAP"  HORSE  WENT 
TO  THE  BAD,  COST  HIM  BIG  DOCTOR 
BILLS  AND  GAVE  NO  SERVICE.  OF 
COURSE  SMITH  WAS  SORE.  HE 
SOLD  HIS  "BARGAIN”  HORSE 
AT  A  LOSS,  WENT  TO  A 
REPUTABLE  DEALER^ 

PAID  $200.00  FOR  A 
GOOD  HORSE  AND 
GOT  SATIS¬ 
FACTION. 


Q 


*  r  t  '  •  * 


OS 


BUYING 
'AN  ENGINE:- 

YOU  NEroANCNGINC.flNO  i 
THE  PROBABILITIES  ARE  THAtJ 
'  YOU  KNOW  VERY  LITTLE  MORE 
ABOUT  ANENGINE  THAN  SMITH  KNEW  J 
ASOUTAHORSE.IFYOUARE  WISE Y<3U WILL 
NOT  MAKE  THE  SAME  MISTAKE  THAT  SMITH  CUD,  ] 
BUT  WILLGO  TO  THE  REPUTABLE  MANUFACTURER 

First,  pay  afair  price  for  your  engine,  andget 

ONE  THAT  WILL  WORK.  WE  HAVE  BEEN  MAKING 
ENGINES  FOR  THIRTY-FIVE.  YEARS.  WE  HAVE  ENGINES 
IN  USE  TO-OAY  THAT  HAVE  qEEN  IN  RUNNING  CONTINUOUS- i 
LY  FOR  THIRTY  YEAR5.  WE  CAN  SATISFY.  YOU  AND  SAVE  „ 

YOU  MONEY  INTHE  END.  OUR  CATALOGUE  TELLS  YOU  / 

THE  REST  OF  THE  STORY. 

DO  NOT  BUYA  CHEAP  HORSE.” 

THE  OTTOGASENCINEWORKS.J- 
3304  Walnut  Street* 

Phi  la.  Pa. 


2LLL 


NGINE 


IS 


WE  PAY 

the 

FREIGHT 


gasoline,  distillate,  any  fuel  oil,  perfectly — without  change^ 

Cheapest,  Safest,  Simplest 


for  barn  work,  house  work,  mill  work,  dairy  work,  well 
work,  spraying,  sawing,irrigation,electriclight8,  pumping. 

Astonishing  success.  More  power  gallon  for  gallon.  Hun¬ 
dred  less  parts.  Patent  throttle  gives  three  engines  for  the 
price  of  one.  Catalog  free— tells  how . 

Double  duty  tank  revolutionizes  cooling 
systems.  Force  feed  lubricator— per¬ 
fect  oiling.  Automobile  muffler. 

Ball  bearing  governor.  Starts  in¬ 
stantly.  No  pro-heating.  No 
crank  Experience  unnet* 
essary.  Women  can  oper- 
tato.  Vibration  elimina- 
ed.  Quality  high— price 
low.  Comes  complete. 

Always  hungry  for 
work — and  thrives  on  it. 

FREE  TRIAL 

No  obligation  till  satis* 
fied.  10-year  guarantee. 

*•  Engine  Facts'  free 
write  for  it  NOW. 

Ellis  Engine  Co., 

51  Mulled  SI..  DETROIT.  MICH. 


SAVE  HALF  Your 
Paint  Bills 


By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT  —  proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 
Only  Paint  endorsed  by  the  “Grange.” 
Made  in  all  colors, — for  all  purposes. 
DELIVERED  FREE, 

From  the  Mill  Direct  to  You  at  Factory  Prices. 

INGERSOLL  PAINT  BOOK  — FREE 


avu  u  truuoie  ana  expense  caused  by  paint 

D'l 1  ti?  toJ?  a  k ‘/l?  1U  P,col\nF  V-'UuHble  informatici 
t*  »™  r  Wlth  SamP*<'  Oolor  Cards.  Write  me.  D< 
IT  NOW.  I  can  save  you  money. 


0.  W.  Ingersoll,  246  Plymouth  St..  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


CHARTER 


SATISFIED  THE 

IS  0. K.  we  expect  to  serve 
you;  if  not,  let  us  satisfy 

you  by  Proof. 

Stationaries,  Portables,  Etc. 

Want  our  Catalog? 
State  your  power  needs. 
CHARTER  GAS  ENGINE  CO., 
Box  26,  Sterling,  III.,  U.  S.  A. 


The  one  solid  foundation  of  business  success  is  Square  Dealing,  Service 
Efficiency,  Quality,  Price  and  Durability, 

The  success  achieved  by  the  Water= 
loo  Boy  Gasoline  Engine  and 
Buttercup  Cream  Separator  is 

built  upon  this  solid  foundation. 

The  Waterloo  Boy  has  been  on 
the  market  for  18  years — during  that 
time  the  engine  has  never  failed  to  make 
good.  For  18  years  we  have  kept 
every  promise  ever  made  to  the  public. 

We  have  never  failed  to  live  up  to  our 
advertising  and  to  sustain  our  guarantee. 

The  record  of  the  Waterloo  Boy  is 
a  record  of  satisfaction  because  it  is  a  record  of 
Square  Dealing. 


The  Waterloo  Bov 

.  ...  ...  */ 
is  the  simplest  gasoline  engine  built.  A  boy 

can  run  it  as  well  as  a  man.  One  of  the  special 
features  of  the  Waterloo  Boy  is  the  Speed 
Lever,  which  works  like  the  throttle  of  a  locomotive. 

You  can  vary  the  speed  while  the  engine  is  running 
from  50  to  75  revolutions  per  minute. 

Our  patented  Mixer  does  away  with  the  pump  and  _ 

secures  economy  in  the  use  of  fuel.  The  old  reliable  Fly  Ball  Governor 
is  sensitive  and  keeps  the  speed  steady. 

Our  improved  Igniter  is  as  simple  as  a  pair  of  scissors— it  never  misses. 

Your  local  dealer  is  our  representative  to  help  you  if  you  need  help  and 
to  see  that  you  get  satisfaction,  and  this  without  extra  charge.  Waterloo 

Boy  engines  will  cost  you  no  more  than  Mail  Order  Engines  and  you  have  this  service  thrown  in. 

.  y.**  s£haiI  we  s.ay  of,th<:  Pnce?  ,  Simply  this— we  name  the  underselling  price.  How  can  we  do  this?  Because  of  the 

simplicity  of  our  engine,  the  large  volume  of  our  business  and  our  well  equipped  factory.  The  fact  that  we  specialize  on  engines 

The  Buttercup  Cream  Separator 


MAKING 


:  any  cream  separator  has  done 

SYr  iTu"  T’'  r-'  b°“"  h  ”d  '*■>"  Th.  m.dtto.  tuns  „„  i,  g0.d 

‘,°,y  £?Si“  S."  U,,erCUP  C”am  5""""r  *»  "-I*  “  on  ton.,. 

We  make  them  in  enormous  quantities,  sell  them  at  a  low  price 
man  who  buys  the  advantage  of  our  bed  rock  prices. 


For  all  around 


Wp  tf.rar.niPB  u°  b‘S>!  prlced  cxPerts'  no  traveling  salesmen,  no  expensive  offices.  We  give  the 

We  guarantee  these  machines  tor  5  years.  If  you  are  interested  in  cither  one  or  both  write  us  for  catalogs. 


Waterloo  Gasoline  Engine  Co.,  I84  W.  3rd  Ave.,  Waterloo,  Iowa. 


318 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  11, 


LIGHTING  FARM  HOUSES. 

D.  D.,  Washington  Mills,  N.  Y.—  Can  your 
readers  give  me  some  idea  of  how  to  get  a 
good,  economical,  pleasant  light?  The  oil 
seems  to  get  worse  and  worse.  I  have  a 
hollow  wire  gasoline  outfit,  hut  there  are 
objections  to  that.  I  don’t  know  anything 
about  acetylene  gas,  only  that  it  gives  a 
fine  light.  Any  information  on  the  lighting 
question  would  be  appreciated. 

Ans. — Bulletin  103  of  the  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  Station  gives  the  results  of  ex¬ 
periments  with  various  devices  for  light¬ 
ing  country  houses.  The  seven  forms 
of  lamps  described  below  were  used  in 
these  tests : 

1.  A  common  kerosene  lamp  with  fiat 
wick,  1  1-2  inches  wide,  circular  chimney,  8 
1-2  inches  high,  various  diameters,  “pearl 
top,” 


My  “Pearl Glass’’ 

■  They  remain  so 
throughout  long 

dull  when  you  buy 
-  them.  They  get 

R*g.  U.  8.  Pat.  OS'.  •  .  •  *  1 

mistier  in  use  and 
break  at  the  first  chance. 

Macbeth  “Pearl  Glass”  lamp- 
chimneys  are  tough.  They  are 
made  to  last. 

My  name  is  on  every  one.  I  make  a  lamp- 
chimney  f&r  every  burner  and  my  Index  tells 
which  one  to  get.  Send  for  it. 

Macbeth 

Macbeth-Evans  Glass  Co.  Pittsburgh 

Chicago:  Philadelphia-. 

178  East  Lake  Street  42  South  Eighth  Street 

New  York:  19  West  30th  Street 


MARK 


Don’t  Let  It  Strike  Your  Home 


You  may  have  protection — positive,  asssured,  guaranteed.  The 
cost  is  small.  The  investment  is  made  just  once,  while  the  protection 
continues  year  after  year.  Look  into 


kerosene  lamp,  Rochester,  with 
Argand  burner,  1  1-2  inches  diameter  wick, 
chimney  nine  inches  high. 

3.  A  kerosene  lamp,  Saxonia,  with 
Argand  burner,  7-8  inch  diameter  wick, 
and  mantle,  Cylindrical  chimney  1% 
inches  diameter  and  12  inches  high. 

4.  A  gasoline  lamp.  Best,  underneath 
generator  pattern,  with  a  fuel  head 
(average)  about  10  Inches  above  the  aper¬ 
ture  of  burner,  mantle  lour  ifiches  high, 
with  3  3-4  inches  exposed  to  flame,  cylin¬ 
drical  chimney  1  7-8  inches  diameter  and 
eight  niches  high. 

5.  An  acetylene  lamp,  Beck-Iden,  car¬ 
bide  to  water  feed,  1-2  foot  Schwarz  burner. 

6.  An  alcohol  lamp,  Pyro,  Argand 
burner,  tliree-lnch  mantle,  with  2  3-4  inches 
exposed  to  flame  and  supported  on  a  me¬ 
tallic  center-post,  cylindrical  chimney  1  7-8 
inches  diameter  and  nine  inches  high. 

7.  A  kerosene  lamp,  Canchester,  with 
Argand  burner,  7-8  inch  diameter  wick 
surmounted  by  a  carbon  cylinder  and 
mantle,  cylindrical  chimney  13  1-2  inches 
high. 

In  calculating  cost  per  candle  power 
hour  the  following  prices  were  used: 
Kerosene,  11  cents  per  gallon;  gasoline, 
15  cents;  alcohol,  75  cents;  calcium  car- 
hide  5.9  cents  per  pound.  On  this 
basis  the  Canchester  kerosene  burner 
(No.  7  in  above  list)  cost  the  least  for 
quantity  of  light  given,  .0034  cent  per 
candle  power  hour.  Kerosene  Argand 
(No.  3)  and  gasoline  (No.  4)  were  next 
in  cost,  .008  cent ;  and  the  others  in  or¬ 
der  of  expense  for  burning  material 
were:  No.  1,  .017  cent;  No.  2,  .023;  No. 
5,  .043,  and  No.  6,  .086  cent.  In  quality 
the  acetylene  (lame  had  less  red  rays 
than  the  others  and  proved  to  be  much 
nearer  daylight,  the  light  to  which  the 
human  eye  has  been  adapted  for  cen¬ 
turies,  and  by  which  it  works  easiest 
and  longest  with  least  injury.  The 
lamps  using  a  mantle  were  next  nearest 
daylight,  and  those  burning  kerosene 
were  poorest  according  to  this  standard. 

Two  objectionable  features  of  artificial' 
light  are  production  of  heat  and  rob¬ 
bing  the  air  of  oxygen,  leaving  an  excess 
of  carbon  dioxide.  In  these  respects 
the  Canchester  kerosene  burner  (No.  7) 
stoo*l  best,  the  acetylene  next,  and  the 
common  kerosene  burner  worst. 

The  conclusions  from  these  experi¬ 
ments  seem  to  he  that  acetylene  when 
properly  installed  and  handled  makes 
an  excellent  light  for  the  country  home. 
Where  the  owner  cannot  go  to  the  ex¬ 
pense  of  an  acetylene  outfit,  the  Can¬ 
chester  kerosene  burner  with  mantle 
may  well  be  adopted.  This  is  far  su¬ 
perior  to  the  common  kerosene  lamp 
without  mantle  both  in  cheapness  of 
operation  and  quality  of  light. 


The  DODD  SYSTEM 

of  Lightning  Control  ^ 


It  is  for  you  and  everyone  who  places  the  safety  of  hi9  M a 

home  and  family  above  a  few  paltry  dollars.  | 

Its  effectiveness  has  been  demonstrated  thousands  of  p  %«• 

times.  The  loss  from  lightning  runs  into  millions  of  Wgj^r  J5Br 

dollars  every  year.  Three  out  of  every  four  of  all  the  fires 
in  the  country  are  caused  by  it.  \  et  not  a  single 
building  of  all  the  many  thousands  that  have  D.-S. 

Lightning  Rods  upon  them  has  ever  been  destroyed  or  o™einam”f  *" 

even  damaged  by  lightning.  Lightning  Conductor I 

Over  2000  Fire  Insurance  Companies  have,  by  special 
resolution,  unequivocally  endorsed  Prof.  Dodd  and  bis 
N  System.  They  grant  20  per  cent,  or  more  reduction  in  rates 

m  on  buildings  protected  with  D.-S.  Lightning  Rods. 

SL  No  such  wonderful  endorsement  was  ever  given  to  any  other  light- 

jl|S\  ning  rod  concern  in  the  world.  . 

\\fDn  The  Dodd  Systern  includes  right  installation.  Every  detail  is  lookec 

\Wj/  after.  Every  building  is  a  separate  problem.  Our  agents  arethoroughlj 
schooled  and  trained.  They  operate  under  special  license 


Because  the  “ACME”  narrow 
gives  results.  It  is  used  for 
preparing  the  soil  for  all  grains 
nn,!  alfalfa.  It  is  particularly  suc- 
cessful  because  the  sharp,  sloping 
War  knives  cut  through  to  the  undersoil, 
Hr  cutting  and  slicing  trash  that  has  been 
turned  under  by  the  plow  and  leaving  it 
Hr  buried  to  fertilize  the  growing  crops.  It 
V  can  be  used  on  all  kinds  of  land,  whether  the 
■  Boil  be  heavy  or  light,  preparing  a  perfect 
r  6eed  bed. 

A  /^|  iff"!  Pulverizing  Har- 

ACME  cr 

cuts,  crushes,  turns,  levels  and  smoothes  in 

one  operation, and  is  theonly  implement  neces¬ 
sary  to  be  used  after  the  plow  in  completely  fit¬ 
ting  your  soil  for  the  seed.  There  are  no  lumps 
or  air  spaces  between  the  furrows.  The  under 


family  tins  year,  start  tnis  aay  py  writing  iui  Wesl  Dodd 

our  great  lightning  rod  book,  with  the  laws  of  Originator  of  the  Dodd 
lightning,  vivid  pictures  of  lightning,  explanations,  System 
guarantee,  agreement  to  make  good  damages,  etc. ,  FREE.  Address 

Dodd  &  Struthers,  437  6th  Ave.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa 


HARROWS  AND  CULTIVATES 


I_  *  tj  With  Clark’s  Original  “Cutaway”  Double  Action  Harrow  and  Cultivator  you 

T  UfrCVIOTfiH  Ij  can  do  more  different  kinds  of  work  .  m  A  THP 

mlLnMVfc  fl  with  less  effort  than  any  other,  it  IOO  #  n-iniNAL 

/jiO7  ■  I  is  the  only  Disk  Cultivator  that  CROPS  “cutaway” 

I  TTTrrrTnAT'TAU'  v  completely  embodies  the  double  ac-  vnuro  _ cutaway. 

Ill  I  ill  IVcillUn  S  tion  principle.  It  will  do  the  work  , :  TJ  j  tx 

VULU.Afw.AJV.U  |  0f  several  other  disk  machines  that 

v  would  cost  you  several  times  as  Mwr  Aw»~iiawjMLVi  i 

I  much ;  do  it  more  thoroughly ,^bc-  i avi'.V.Y 

V’N'h  Will  tensive  Cultivation.”  It’s  tree.  V 

CUTAWAY  HARROW  COMPANY  839  Main  Street,  Higganum,  Conn. 


DO  YOU  NEED  FARM  HELP? 

The  Jewish  Agricultural  and  Industrial  Aid 
Society  has  on  its  iists  men  wishing  to  obtain  em¬ 
ployment  upon  farms.  Most  of  them  are  without 
experience,  but  they  are  able-bodied  and  willing 
to  work.  They  speak  little  or  no  English,  although 
many  of  them  speak  German.  If  you  can  make 
use  of  such  help,  please  communicate  with  us, 
stating  what  you  will  pay,  whether  the  work  is 
permanent,  and  whether  you  prefer  a  single  or  a 
married  man.  We  are  a  philanthropic  organiza¬ 
tion,  whose  object  it  is  to  assist  and  encourage 
Jews  to  become  farmers.  We  charge  no  commis¬ 
sion  to  employer  or  employee.  Address 
THE  J.  A.  &  I.  A.  S..  174  Second  Avenue,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


ALL  GOODS  GUARANTEED . 


■  Lf COOPERAGE 

26  S.  Liberty,  Baltimore,  Md. 

MANUFACTURERS 

Tanks,  Towers,  Silos,  Windmills,  Pumps 
Gasoline  Engines,  Motors  and 
Every  kind  of  Eqiupment  for  supplying  Water 

Write  us  your  wants  to-day  Quick  Shipments 


20  ft.  Steel  Tower,  com¬ 
plete  like  cut. 


Of  Southern  pine, 
with  our  improved 
1911  continuous  door, 
10  ft.  x20  ft. 


One  Man  Portable  Sprayer 


We  make  all  other  sizes, 


Price  complete 


Complete  without 
roof.  All  other  sizes 
equally  as  cheap. 


100  Gallon  Cypress  Tank 


This  Hand  Power  System  of 
Water  Supply.  150  gallons  daily 
capacity,  complete,  ready  to 
install,  . 


Spraying  Tank,  100  gal.  cap 


m  Power  outfit  $110.00.  Anybody  can  install  with 

/III  our  directions.  We  also  furnish  this  outfit  for 
.*10  power  up  to  50,000  gallons  capacity. 

GET  OUR  CIRCULAR.  THIS  AD.  WILL  NOT  APPEAR  AGAIN 


Here  Is  The  Harrow 
To  Use  On  Your  Farm 


•4 double  action  cutaway  HARROW k 


1911. 


310 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 
Poorly  Covered  with  a  Bluff. 

If  insanity  is  egotism  gone  to  seed, 
as  some  people  claim,  E.  G.  Lewis 
ought  to  be  classed  as  a  raving  maniac. 
He  thinks  himself  too  big  and  too  im¬ 
portant  to  have  his  get-rich-quick 
schemes  investigated  by  grand  juries. 
He  probably  thinks  their  activities  ought 
to  be  limited  to  chicken  thieves  and 
safe  breakers.  Denouncing  the  Assist¬ 
ant  District  Attorney,  who  had  charge 
of  the  investigation  some  years  ago 
which  resulted  in  the  issue  of  “fraud 
orders"  against  him,  Lewis  says : 

Too  cowardly  to  again  attack  us  openly, 
according  to  the  publisher  of  The  Rural 
New  Yorker,  he  has  used  him  and  his 
paper  as  an  assassin’s  means  of  revenge. 
We  ask  only  to  openly  face  this  man  and 
those  behind  him  before  Congress.  We 
know  that  the  terrible  machinery  of  a  great 
government  is  in  his  hands  to  drive  us  to 
ruin  and,  if  possible,  even  to  railroad  me 
to  the  penitentiary. 

Why  does  Goodwin  and  his  department 
fear  and  so  desperately  light  against  our 
having  an  open  hearing  before  Congress? 

He  and  those  with  him  do  not  dare  to  ask 
for  such  an  investiagtion. 

We  wondered  long  why  the  publisher  of 
this  Rural  New-Yorker  was  permitted  to 
violate  every  Atal  law  with  impunity'  and 
mail  tens  of  fcv<ftands  of  marked  copies  of 
his  lying  attacks  to  people  who  have  never 
subscribed  for  his  paper,  not  even  marking 
them  samples,  until  one  day  there  fell  into 
our  hands  one  of  his  letters  boasting  that 
Goodwin  and  his  associates,  whom  we  were 
suing  for  conspiracy  and  libel  in  the  for¬ 
mer  assault  on  us,  were  “back  of  him.” 

Of  course,  the  intimation  in  refer¬ 
ence  to  The  R.  N.-Y.  and  the  claim 
that  any  such  letter  fell  into  his  hands 
is  just  straight  common  lying,  but, 
probably,  not  quite  as  despicable  a 
brand  as  that  used  by  Lewis  for  the 
last  10  years  to  allure  money  from 
poor  country  people.  The  publisher  of 
The  R.  N.-Y.  does  not  know  Judge 
Goodwin,  never  saw  him,  never  spoke  a 
word  to  him,  and  never  conferred  with 
him  in  any  way  directly  or  indirectly  in 
reference  to  this  investigation  of  the 
Lewis  schemes.  Nor  have  we  in  any 
way  directly  or  indirectly  mentioned 
Judge  Goodwin’s  name  in  connection 
with  it.  We  make  this  statement  only 
to  show  what  a  reckless  and  irrespon¬ 
sible  character  this  man  Lewis  really  is. 
His  anticipation  of  railroad  travel  is 
probably  suggested  by  his  personal 
knowledge  of  what  a  thorough  investi¬ 
gation  of  his  schemes  would  reveal. 

We  commend  Lewis  for  egotism  and 
impudence.  Quiet  orderly  processes  of 
law  do  not  suit  him.  He  wants  some¬ 
thing  more  spectacular.  He  does  not 
like  indictments  by  grand  juries.  They 
are  too  commonplace.  Indictments 
sometimes — not  always — result  in  rail-, 
roading  to  the  penitentiary.  That’s  all 
good  enough  for  a  chicken  thief  or  an 
ordinary  petty  swindler,  but  the  schemer 
who  has  his  privilege  of  alluring  money 
from  poor  country  people  interfered 
with  by  Federal  officials,  must  be  spared 
from  such  an  ordinary  and  humiliating 
procedure.  Surely  the  President  and 
Congress  should  devote  a  week  to  the 
intricacies  of  the  “Interim  Receipt.”  To 
be  sure  they  would  not  get  far  into  the 
Lewis  schemes  in  a  week;  but  surely  far 
enough  to  discover  such  a  labyrinth  of 
fakes  as  they  never  dreamed  of  before. 
For  our  part  we  here  and  now  petition 
President  Taft  and  Congress  to  inves¬ 
tigate  the  Lewis  get-rich-quick  fakes. 
We  would  rather  have  them  doing  that 
than  voting  on  a  law  to  increase  the 
cost  of  postage.  And  when  they  get 
through  perhaps  they  will  pass  a  law  to 
indemnify  all  thieves  for  losses  sus¬ 
tained  through  restraining  processes  of 
the  law.  Why  should  a  house  breaker 
or  a  pickpocket  be  deprived  of  his‘ 
means  of  making  a  living  in  his  own 
way?  If  such  an  outrage  is  perpetrated 
by  officious  district  attorneys,'  why 
shouldn’t  the  President  and  Congress 
recompense  the  outraged  culpric  for  his 
losses,  both  real  and  prospective0  As  a 
further  inducement,  it  might  be  made 
a  condition  that  he  promise  to  restore 
some  of  the  plunder — he  could  make  an 
excuse  afterward  to  keep  it  all. 

What  a  feeling  of  security  and  com¬ 
fort  it  would  be  to  all  crooks  to  have 
grand  juries  abolished  and  district  at¬ 
torneys  discharged  !  Promoters  who  go 
meekly  to  jail,  are  back  numbers.  Ellis 
and  Graves  were  clumsy  novices.  There 
are  ways  of  robbing  people  without  be¬ 
ing  caught  with  the  goods  on  them,  as 
the  saying  is.  Anyway,  the  modern  way 
is  to  raise  a  howl  against  everyone  who 
tries  to  enforce  the  law.  Lie  about 
them,  call  them  tyrants  and  conspirators 
and  blackmailers,  amd  assassins !  It 
can’t  dc  any  harm;  and  it  may  scare 


them  off.  Don't  pickpockets  call  “stop 
thief,”  and  incendiaries  cry  “fire”?  The 
deception  isn’t  new,  to  be  sure,  but 
what  difference  if  it  works?  These  at- 
attempts  to  shirk  responsibility  may  be 
amusing  to  people  only  indirectly  inter¬ 
ested  ;  but  to  the  Lewis  victims  it  must 
be  read  with  a  feeling  akin  to  disgust 
and  contempt. 


A  WISCONSIN  GARDEN. 

Our  garden  contains  four  acres ;  half 
of  it  is  planted  in  fruit  trees  and  berries. 
On  the  rest  we  grow  all  kinds  of  vege¬ 
tables,  selling  them  in  the  city  of  Wau¬ 
kesha.  We  sell  at  wholesale,  and  the 
stores  take  all  we  raise.  The  freeze  on 
April  23  last  knocked  us  out  on  the 
fruit  line,  but  our  vegetables  were  good, 
some  very  good.  Here  is  a  list  of  what 
we  raised,  also  the  amount  of  cash  re¬ 
ceived  for  each:  Asparagus,  $10.50;  cab¬ 
bage,  65;  carrots,  $40;  beets  ,$35;  cauli¬ 
flower,  $85.60 ;  celery,  $29.50  ;  cucumbers 
$31.60;  endive,  $11.50;  sweet  corn 
$14.60 ;  egg  plant,  $8 ;  onions,  $108.20 
lettuce,  $104.50;  peas,  $26;  parsnips 
$9.50;  rhubarb,  $47.75;  spinach,  $37.55 
peppers,  $49.20 ;  tomatoes,  $170.50 ;  prizes 
at  State  fairs,  $104.  Our  best  and  most 
profitable  crop  was  tomatoes.  The  re¬ 
turns  from  300  plants  on  30  square  rods 
of  ground  were  $170.50  cash.  We 

started  the  seed  on  March  10  in  green¬ 
house,  using  flat  boxes  about  18  inches 
square  with  about  three  inches  of  good 
soil,  sowing  the  seed  not  too  thick  half 
an  inch  deep.  April  15  transplanted  in 
other  boxes,  setting  plants  about  three 
inches  each  way.  Again  on  first  of 

May  plants  were  set  in  a  cold  frame, 
givng  each  plant  about  a  foot  of  room. 

1  kept  them  growing  slowly  by  giving 
plenty  of  air,  and  finally  by  taking  off 
the  glass  entirely.  By  the  last  of  May 
they  were  hardy  and  strong  and  we 
transplanted  them  in  open  ground.  We 
used  one-half  pound  of  potato  fertilizer 
in  each  hill.  The  plants  never  wilted, 
and  on  July  4  we  had  the  first  ripe  to¬ 
matoes.  A  week  later  we  had  enough 
to  take  to  market  and  received  five  cents 
per  pound  for  them.  We  sold  $85  worth 
at  this  price,  when  they  dropped  to  75 
cents  per  bushel,  but  soon  advanced 
again  to  $2  per  bushel.  The  last  lot  we 
sold  on  November  15.  The  variety  is 
Burpee’s  Earliest  Pink.  John  grape. 

Wisconsin. 


»AvE  MONEY,  TIME  AND  LABOR 

Before  Building,  Write  for  Free  Booklet  and  Samples  of 


§ 


1 


OISHOPRIC  WALL  BOARD  is  cheaper  and 
better  than  Lath  and  Plaster;  anplied  winter  or 
Summer.  YOU  can  easily  nail  it  to  studding.  Ap¬ 
plied  dry  it  is  at  once  ready  for  paint, paDer  or  burlap, 
is  clean  and  sanitary;  guaranteed  proof  against 
dampness,  heat,  cold,  sound  and  vermin. 

CONSTRUCTION 

Made  of  kiln-dried  dressed 
lath,  imbedded  in  hot  Asphalt 
Mastic,  an  d  surfaced  with  sized 
cardboardjis  cut  atthe  factory 
into  uniform  sheets,  4x4  ft. so. 
and  three-eighths  of  an  inch 
thick.  These  sheets  (delivered 
in  crates)  are  easilyandq aick- 
lynailedtostudding.  Usedfor 
dwellings,  pleasure,  health  re¬ 
sort  and  tactory  buildings,  new 
partitionsinold  buildings,  fin- 
a  »-  „  _  ,  ishing  attics,  cellars,  porches. 

Applying  Wall  Board  laundries,  garages. 

Price  $2.50  per  100  sq.  ft.  or  $6.40  per  crate  of  256  sq.  ft 
f.  9.  b.  factories,  New  Orleans,  Cincinnati,  or  Alma,  Micb. 


Makes  smooth,  solid  job.  Does  away  with  building 
paper.  Proof  againstheat.cold,  dampness.  Used  with 
excellent  result3as  cheapest  and  best  lining  for  dairy 
barns,  poultry  houses,  stable*  and  other  buildings. 

Price  $2.35  per  square  of  100  sq.  ft.  or  $6  per  crate  of  256 
sq.  ft.  f.  o.  b.  New  Orleans,  Cincinnati, or  Ainu,  Micb. 
Writefor  Booklet  and  Free  samples  of  Wall  Board,  Sheathing  and  Roofing 

The  Mastic  Wall  Board  &  Roofing  Mfg.  Co.  43  E.  Third  St.  Cincinnati,  O. 


DISHOPRIC  SHEATHING  saves 75  per  cent  in 
materia  land  labor.  Same  as  Wall  Board,  but  card- 
board  surface  of  Sheathing  is  not  recommended 
tor  decorative  purpose; therefore  costs  less.  Quick¬ 
ly  nailed  to  studs  with  laths  and  asphalt  exposed. 
Shows  weatherboards  over  Sheathing,  1 
side  exposed;  also 
Bishopric  Roofing 
over  Sheathing,:  ' 
smooth  side 
exposed 


"H55E*  1FJE"  44  Bushels  to  the  Acre 


and  you  hold  the  moisture 
in  tlie  ground.  Cultivate 
shallow  or  deep  as  the  crop 
needs  it  and  you  release  the 
forgotten  or  unknown  soil 
properties  which  arc  needed 
to  make  the  crop  grow  prop¬ 
erly.  We  have  been  nmUin 
farm  tools  for  75  years  nn_ 
think  we  have  ns  good  a  line 
of  Kiding Cultivators  as  you  f 
need  to  choose  from. 


\1R0HA£E 


SIDIHG  CULTIVATORS 


ore  long  lived  machines — adjustable  for  rows  28  to  50 
inches,  while  in  motion— teeth  adjustable  for  depth  and 
angle— pivot  or  fixed  wheel,  one  row  or  two — high  or  low 
— 1  wheels— work  well  on  hillsides— farm  close 

tand  true.  A  complete  lino.  Our  Anniver¬ 
sary  Catalog  will  .show  you— also,  potnto 
machinery,  garden  wheel  hoes  and  drills, 
etc.  Address 

BATEMAN  M’F’G  CO. 

Box;  1027  GRENLOCH.N.J. 


VIRGINIA  FARMS 

offer  best  opportunity  for  land  buyers  and  the  best 
place  to  live.  Mild  winters,  cheap  land,  sunshine. 
Grow  all  crops.  Produce  best  flavored  apples. 
Cattle,  hog  raising,  dairying  and  poultry  raising 
profitable.  Near  40  million  consumers.  Get  top 
prices.  For  information  write 
G.  W.  KOINE!!,  Commissioner  of  floriculture,  Richmond,  Va. 


I9  a  heavy  yield,  but  that’s  what  John  Kennedy  of 
—  Edmonton,  Alberta.  Western  Ounada,  got  from 
ucres  of  Spring  Wheat  in  1910.  Reports 
—  from  other  districts  in  that 

province  showed  other  excel- 
lent  results— such  as  4,000  bush¬ 
els  of  wheat  from  120  acres,  or 
33X  bushels  per  aero.  25.  30  and 
40  bushel  yields  were  numerous. 
As  high  as  132  bushels  of  oats  to 
the  acre  were  threshed  from 
Alberta  fields. 

THE  SILVER  CUP 

at  the  recent  Spokane  Fair  was 
awarded  to  tho  Alberta  Government 
for  its  exhibit  of  grnins,  grasses  and  vege¬ 
tables,  Reports  of  excellent  yields  for  1910 
como  also  from  Saskatchewan  and  Manitoba 
in  Western  Canada. 

Free  Homesteads  of  160  acres, 
and  adjoiniiifi:  pre-emptions  of  160 
acres  (at. $3  per  acre),  are  to  be  bad 
in  t£e  choicest  districts. 

Schools  convenient,  climate  ex¬ 
cellent,  soil  of  tho  very  best,  rail- 
wayscloseathand,  building-lumber 
c2?aP*  fuel  easy  to  gret  and  reason¬ 
able  in  price,  water  easily  procured, 
mixed  farming:  a  success. 

Writ©  aa  h>  best  place  for  settlement,  set¬ 
tlers*  low  railway  ratos,  pamphlet  “Last  Best 
V/cst**and  other  information,  to  Supt.  of  Im- 
mig.,  Ottawa,  Can.,  or  to  Can.  Gov’t  Agt.  (54) 

Supt.  of  Immigration,  Ottawa,  Canada,  or 
Canadian  Government  Agent.  30  Syracuse 
Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


]\TEW  YORK  STATE  FARMS,  all  sizes  and  in 

^  noavly  all  parts  of  the  State.  Illustrated 
catalog  free  to  parties  intending  to  buy. 

NORTH  HUN  KKAI/rv  CO,,  Syracnse,  N.  Y. 


Caruso 

the  greatest 
of  all  tenors 

McCormack 

the  greatest 
Irish  tenor 

Martin 

the  greatest 
American  tenor 

Dalmores 

the  greatest 
French  tenor 

Melba 

the  greatest 
English  soprano 

Tetrazzini 

the  greatest 
Italian  soprano 
Eames 
Farrar 

the  greatest 
American  sopranos 
Calve 
the  greatest 
French  soprano 
Gadski 
the  greatest 
German  soprano 
Sembrich 
the  greatest 
Polish  soprano 
Michailowa 
the  greatest 
Russian  soprano 

Schumann-Heink 

the  greatest 
Austrian  contralto 
Homer 
the  greatest 
American  contralto 
Gerville-Reache 
the  greatest 
French  contralto 


Scotti 

Sammarco 

Battistini 

Ruffo 

the  greatest 
Italian  baritones 
de  Gogorza 
the  greatest 
Spanish  baritone 
Renaud 
the  greatest 
French  baritone 


Journet 

Plan^on 

the  greatest 
French  bassos 

Witherspoon 

the  greatest 
American  bass 


Williams 

Hamlin 

the  greatest  concert 
and  oratorio  tenors 


The  world’s 
greatest  singers 
make  records 
only  for  the 

Victor 

The  world’s  greatest  singers!  The  great¬ 
est  tenors;  the  greatest  sopranos;  the  great¬ 
est  contraltos;  the  greatest  baritones;  the 
greatest  bassos.  Not  among  the  greatest, 
but  the  greatest  of  all  nationalities. 

These  famous  artists — universally  ac¬ 
knowledged  the  greatest,  and  commanding 
the  highest  salaries — make  records  only  for 
the  ]rictor  because  they  realize  that  the 
Victor  is  the  only  instrument  that  does  full 
justice  to  their  magnificent  voices. 

Flearing  is  believing— go  today  to  the  nearest  Victor 
dealer’s  and  hear  these  famous  artists  sing  their  greatest 

arias. 

Ask  him  for  copies  of  the 
handsome  illustrated  Victor  cat¬ 
alogs,  or  wrjte  to  us  for  them. 


Victor  II,  $32.50 

Other  styles  $10  to  $100 


Victor-Victrola  X,  $75 


Victor  Talking  Machine  Co. 
20th  and  Cooper  Sts.,  Camden,  N.  J. 

Berliner  Gramophone  Co.,  Montreal 
Canadian  Distributors 

To  get  best  results,  use  only 
Victor  Needles  on  Victor  Records 


And  be  sure  to  bear  the  Victor-Victrola 


Victor-Victrola  XIV,  $  1 50 

Other  styles  $100,  $200,  $250 


320 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  11, 


etteffaiming 

A  John  Deere 
^JBook 

'—Just  Out 

fA  Farmer  Can 

Get  it  Free 

THIS  valuable  book  has  eighteen  articles  on  live 
(arm  topics,  written  by  the  highest  authorities. 
Get  the  book  and  a  lull  description  ol  John 
Deere  Plows  and  Cultivators.  They  are  the  imple¬ 
ments  of  quality ,  made  for  farmers  who  want  the 
best.  We  will  send  the  book  and  catalogue  of  John 
Deere  goods  if  you  write  for 

Package  No.  33 

Mention  the  package  number  sure,  then 
you  will  get  exactly  the  right  stuff. 

DEERE  &  COMPANY,  MOLINE,  ILL 


RANGER”  BICYCLES 

Have  imported  roller  chains ,  sprockets  and 
pedals;  New  Departure  Coaster- Brakes  and 
Hubs;  Puncture  Proof  Tires;  highest  grade 
equipment  and  many  advanced  features  pos¬ 
sessed  by  no  other  wheels.  Guaranteed  y yrs . 

FACTORY  PRICESffi»S 

others  ask  for  cheap  wheels.  Other  reliable 
models  from  *12  up.  A  few  good  second¬ 
hand  machines  $3  to  $8. 

1 0  DA  YS’FREE  TRIAL?.": 

I  proval ,  freight  prepaid%  any  where  in  U.  S., 
I  without  a  cent  in  advance.  DO  NOT  BUY  a 
'bicycle  or  a  pair  of  tires  from  anyone  at  any 
J  price  until  you  get  our  big  new  catalog  and 
* special  prices  and  a  marvelous  new  ojfer • 
postal  brings  everything.  Write  it  now. 

I D  C  C  Coaster  Brake  Rear  Wheels,  lamps, 
IlltO  parts,  and  sundries  half  usual  prices . 
Rider  A crents  everywhere  are  coining  money  selling  our  bi¬ 
cycles,  tires  and  sundries.  Write  today, 

MEAD  CYCLE  CO.,  Dept.  A80  7  CHICAGO 


like  hungry  wolves 
>  Mr  1 3 11  and  keep  you  busy 

if  you  use  V.  C.  Bait.  Best  bait  known 
for  enticing  all  kinds  of  fish.  25c.  a  box. 
Write  for  Free  Booklets  and  our  Special 
Offer  of  one  box  to  help  introduce  it. 
Walton  Supply  Co.,  Dept.y  8t.  Louis,  Mo 


50  "WORTH  OF 


mm 


GUARANTEED  FOR  12  YEAR 

We  Can  Save  You  $50.00 
on  the  Average  Size  Roof 

A  Few  Quotations  From  the  Bargains 
in  Our  Latest  Roofing  Catalog: 
Tarred  Felt  Roofing.  Best  quality. 
108  square  feet.  85-cent  value.  CA 

Per  roll .  Vvl» 

Rubber  Asphalt  Roofing.  The  ordinary 
kind.  108  square  feet.  $1.25  70/» 
value.  Wt.,34  1bs.  Per  roll.  4  UL 

Flint  Coated  Rubber  Roofing.  108 

square  feet.  $1.65  value.  Q  C  _ 

Weight,  50  lbs.  Per  roll - 

Corrugated  Steel  Roofing.  28-gauge. 
Heavy,  painted  red.  100  <£"]  Of 
square  feet.  $2.50  value. .  «P  I  -O O 
Best-of-all  Roofing.  3J^-ply.  108 
square  feet.  $3.50  value.  d»|  QA 
Weight,  60  lbs.  Per  roll. .  «pl.OU 

Every  Price  in  This  Catalog  is  25  to  50 
Per  Cent  Below  Regular  Retail  Prices. 

If  you  want 
any  kind  of 
roofing,  it  is 
to  your  in¬ 
terests  to 
write  for  a 
copy  of  this 
free  Roof¬ 
ing  Catalog 
and  our 
complete 
layout  of 
samples  be¬ 
fore  placing 
your  order. 
—  We  quote 

1911  reduced  prices  which  in  many  lines  are 
even  lower  than  our  prices  for  1910.  Simply 

write  and  say:  “Send  me  your  free  Roofing: 
Catalog:  No.66R51  and  complete  set  of  sam- 
pies”  and  they  will  be  mailed  at  once  free 
and  postpaid. 

SEARS.ROEBUCKcm 


SHORT  STORIES. 

Over-production  of  Apples. 

I  teach  in  the  city,  but  am  retaining  the 
old  homestead  of  75  acres,  15  miles  out  in 
the  country.  My  Saturdays  and  various 
school  vacations  are  spent  on  the  farm. 

It  has  been  my  purpose  to  set  out  an 
orchard  of  apple  trees,  but  the  rush  of  so 
many  in  this  direction  leads  me  to  hesi¬ 
tate.  Is  there  not  great  danger  of  over¬ 
production  of  apples-  15  years  hence? 
Would  you  advise  setting  out  pear  and 
cherry  trees  instead  of  apples?  Ought 
there  to  bo  any  difficulty  in  getting  the 
cherry  trees  started?  Farmers  tell  me  that 
it  is  hard  to  make  them  live.  G.  M.  a. 

Hartford,  Conn. 

We  do  not  fear  that  the  apple  business 
will  be  overdone.  It  will  prove  a  case  of 
“survival  of  the  fittest,”  and  many  trees 
now  being  planted  will  fail  for  lack  of 
proper  care.  Trade  will  be  done  on  a  dif¬ 
ferent  basis  in  the  future  and  good  orch¬ 
ards  nearest  the  large  markets  will  have 
best  chance.  Pear  orchards  will  pay.  The 
trouble  with  cherries  is  the  lack  of  pickers 
at  just  the  right  time. 

Hogs  in  Young  Orchard. 

I  have  an  upland  pasture  lot  which  I 
wish  to  set  with  apple  trees  this  Spring. 
It  was  cropped  with  potatoes  and  seeded 
to  rye  late  last  Fall.  Can  1  set  trees  this 
Spring  and  run  hogs  on  it  next  year  with¬ 
out  injury  to  the  young  trees.  If  so,  what 
shall  I  put  on  for  green  feed  for  pigs? 
Can  I  spray  apple  trees  in  the  Summer 
months  in  a  pasture  lot  without  injury  to 
stock?  J.  e.  w. 

New  Milford,  Conn. 

We  would  not  let  hogs  into  such  an 
orchard.  They  will  injure  the  trees.  The 
only  orchard  in  which  we  would  put  hogs 
is  one  with  high-headed  old  trees  with 
tender  wood  out  of  their  reach.  Better 
put  in  some  cultivated  crop  or  something 
to  be  plowed  under.  A  Summer  spray 
would  probably  be  made  with  lime-sulphur. 
It  •would  not  hurt  the  stock. 

Crimson  Clover  in  Peach  Orchard. 

I  have  a  peach  orchard  of  115  trees  four 
years  old  that  has  been  cultivated  clean  up 
to  the  middle  of  July,  1910,  and  was  sown 
■to  Crimson  clover.  It  made  but  little 
growth,  but  is  a  good  stand,  except  right 
around  the  trees.  What  must  I  do  with 
it?  Shall  I  tear  that  all  up  this  Spring, 
or  could  I  let  it  stand  by  digging  around 
the  trees  ?  J-  k.  f. 

Glenwood,  Ind. 

It  depends  on  what  you  want  to  do  with 
the  orchard  later — cultivate  or  mulch. 
You  can  work  around  the  trees  and  let 
the  clover  stand  and  reseed.  Or  you  can 
wait  until  the  seeds  are  formed  and  then 
plow  shallow,  leaving  the  clover  heads  ex¬ 
posed.  Then  harrow  across  the  furrows. 
This  scatters  the  clover  seed  and  makes 
a  good  seediug.  Some  growers  in  Delaware 
follow  this  plan  with  success. 

Lime  with  Muck. 

I  have  a  large  quantity  of  muck  which 
I  wish  to  compost  with  lime.  I  can  buy 
the  unslaked  for  $1.30  per  barrel  and  the 
air-slaked  for  75  cents.  Which  would  be 
the  better  and  more  economical  to  use? 

Lynn,  Mass.  e.  f.  m. 

i  The  object  in  this  case  is  to  start  a 
qui’k  and  strong  fermentation  in  the 
muck.  For  this  purpose  we  would  rather 
have  the  quick  or  unslaked  lime.  If  you 
could  get  the  quick  or  lump  lime  ground 
without  beiug  slaked  it  would  be  excellent 
for  your  purpose.  At  the  prices  quoted  the 
slaked  lime  is  cheaper,  and  under  the  cir¬ 
cumstances  we  would  use  it.  Scatter  it 
freely  over  the  muck  as  the  pile  is  made 
up. 

Neglected  Apple  Trees. 

Do  you  think  it  worth  while  to  go 
through  some  old  apple  trees  (about  100) 
and  prune  them,  or  cut  them  down  for  fire 
wood?  These  trees  have  been  neglected 
for  years,  and  are  all  grown  up  with 
suckers,  and  there  are  also  some  dead 
limbs.  What  would  be  the  best  time  to 
prune  these  trees?  J.  f.  b. 

Pleasantville,  N.  Y. 

We  should  have  to  see  the  orchard  to 
finally  decide.  If  the  trunks  and  lower 
limbs  are  still  sound,  with  few  large  rotten 
cavities,  we  should  try  to  save  the  trees. 
Cut  out  all  the  dead  wood.  Prune  below 
the  dead  wood  into  living  wood  and  paint 
the  stub.  Then  cut  back  at  least  one- 
third  of  the  growth  and  give  a  thorough 
spraying  with  lime  and  sulphur.  Prune 
now.'  Follow  the  instructions  for  prun¬ 
ing,  feeding  and  spraying  as  given  iu  The 
R.  N.-Y.  \rou  cannot  save  this  orchard 
unless  you  are  willing  to  put  money  and 
time  into  it. 

Whitewashing  Trees;  Improving  Sod. 

1.  Is  whitewashing  the  trunks  of  fruit 
trees  harmful  to  them,  and  would  it  hurt 
them  to  mix  a  little  air-slaked  lime  iu  the 
soil  about  them?  2.  llow  can  I  keep  nice- 
looking  grass  on  a  terrace  which  faces  the 
south?  I  have  had  it  sodded  and  rolled 
two  or  three  times,  besides  rolling  it  once 
a  week  thereafter.  I  have  dressed  with 
bone  meal,  rotted  manure,  also  handpicked 
the  weeds,  but  now  it  is  almost  bare.  The 
roots  don’t  seem  to  go  deep  enough  some¬ 
how,  arid  the  soil  crumbles  off  the  top 
easily.  Would  lime  or  limewater  sprinkled 
on  a  lawn  of  Blue  grass  and  clover  be 
beneficial?  M.  M. 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1.  No,  whitewashing  will  not  hurt  the 
trees,  nor  will  it  do  them  any  great  good 
A  diluted  lime-sulphur  wash  would  kill  some 
insects  and  help  the  trees.  Lime  will  prob¬ 
ably  prove  just  what  these  trees  need.  2. 
We  think  that  soil  needs  a  heavy  liming  in 
order  to  start  and  hold  the  sod. 

Rank  Growth  of  Peaches. 

I  have  a  peach  orchard  near  my  chicken 
house,  and  several  of  the  trees  are  grow¬ 
ing  to  foliage.  The  ground  must  be  too 
rich.  How  can  I  overcome  that? 

Napanoeh,  N.  Y.  J.  b.  w. 

You  cannot  overcome  it  entirely,  for  the 
peach  cannot  stand  high  feeding  like  plum, 
apple  or  pear.  The  best  plan  is  to  give 
the  tree  a  “balanced  ration.”  Use  potash 
and  acid  phosphate  without  any  nitrogen. 
This  will  help  more  than  anything  else. 


12  Lbs.  Pure  Zinc  to  the 
Cwt.  make  “  Mif co 
Nails  Indestructible 


The  term  “  galvanized  ”  is  under  suspicion. 

Users  of  nails  are  fast  finding  out  that  “  galvanized  ”  nails  and 
thinly  coated  nails  quickly  rust  and  are  destroyed  when  used  in  ex¬ 
posed  work.  1 

Roofs  must  be  rebuilt,  fences  and  gates  replaced  in  a  very  few 
years  because  the  nails  rust  and  break  off. 

Even  porch  floors  and  clapboarding  often  last  only  half  as  long  as 
they  should,  all  on  account  of  defective  nails. 

Hence  architects,  farmers  and  builders  will  be  interested  in 


M.  I.  F.  Co. 


Heavy  Zinc  Coated  Nails 


Know  that  every  hundredweight  of  “  Mifco  ” 
iron  cut  nails  carries  10  to  12  pounds  of  pure  zinc 
coating. 

This  heavy  coating  makes  them  as  indestruc¬ 
tible  as  solid  copper  nails,  but  they  cost  only 
one-third  as  much. 

Time,  moisture,  even  salt  air,  will  not  affect 
them. 

We  have  house  owners’  stories  telling  of  these 
nails  holding  on  roofs  for  29  years.  The  shin¬ 
gles  were  rotted  by  age,  yet  the  nails  showed  no 
sign  of  rust.  They  were  as  good  as  new. 

Malleable  Iron  Fittings  Co 


You  can  double  the  life  of  all  your  exposed 
woodwork  and  slate  work  by  using  these  inde¬ 
structible  nails.  It  is  economy  to  use  them. 

Get  them  at  your  hardware  dealer’s,  but  re¬ 
member  the  initials  M.  I.  F.  Co.  on  the  head 
of  each  keg. 

No  other  nails  will  last  like  these.  No  other 
nails  in  America  carry  10  to  12  pounds  of  zinc 
to  the  hundredweight.  Please  remember  this. 

If  your  dealer  isn’t  supplied  we’ll  send  you 
the  name  of  one  who  is.  Just  your  name  and 
address  mailed  to  us  brings  this  information. 
Don’t  drive  another  nail  till  you  get  it. 

Branford,  Conn. 


feioDflCM  XX  WMWW'KW'tt.  W  y..m  U  Jl 


Baskets,  Ladders  and  Growers’ 
Supplies. 

A  card  brings  our  catalogue. 

BACON  &  CO.,  Appleton,  N.  V. 


ninr— NEW  CROP-PRODUCER  to  CONSUMER-100  lbs. 

niuL  beautiful,  clean,  white,  whole  grain  South 
Carolina  extra  fancy  table  rice,  ready  for  cook¬ 
ing,  delivered  freight  prepaid  to  your  station,  $4.85. 
We  guarantee  safo  arrival  of  rice. 

j.  ED.  CABAXISS,  Rice  Farmer,  Katy,  Texas. 


Concrete  Manure  Pit 
Big  Saver  on  the  Farm 

The  common  method  of  throwing  manure  in¬ 
to  an  unsheltered  pen  on  a  rickety  board  floor 
or  on  the  ground  is  wasteful,  the  seepage 
means  a  loss  which  can  be  estimated  in  dollars 
and  cents.  A  concrete  pit  prevents  this  loss. 

It  is  inexpensive  and  can  be  built  with  aid  of  regu¬ 
lar  farm  help.  It  is  an  improvement  and  conven¬ 
ience  which  will  pay  for  itself  in  a  very  short  time. 

Write  us  for  information  on  any  kind  of  concrete 
work.  We  will  write  you  individually,  giving  full 
instructions  for  getting  best  results.  This  service 
is  FREE.  The  only  expense  to  you  will  be  the 
postage  used  in  writing  us;  address  the  nearest 
office  of  the  Company. 


UNIVERSAL  PCEMENTD  COMPANY 

CHICAGO  —  PITTSBURG 
Northwestern  Office:  Minneapolis 


1913 


321 


The  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

From  the  New  England  Homestead  for  the  Week  Ending  February  20,  1910. 

America’s  Greatest  Corn  Yield 

Keen  Interest  in  Corn  Growing  in  New  England— What  Other  Peurts  of  the  Country  Have  Accomplished- 
Some  Magnificent  Records  of  Corn  Yield  on  Old  Soils— A  Massachusetts  Inquirer  Answered— 
Interesting  Features  Outlined— Heavy  Manuring  for  Best  Results 


Recently  I  saw  an  article  in  The  New  England  Homestead  where 
the  editor  attended  the  corn  husking  at  the  Brewer  farm,  and  where 
he  states  that  the  yield  was  127  bushels  shelled  corn  to  the  acre.  Now, 
I  would  like  to  know  how  anyone  knows  that  the  yield  was  us 
indicated.  I  would  go  a  long  distance  to  see  TOO  bushels  shelled  corn 
honest  measure,  grown  on  an  acre  of  land  in  New  England.  One 
cannot  tell  the  yield  until  the  following  March,  when  the  corn  is 
cured  out,  unless  it  be  kiln-dried.  I  am  something  of  a  sceptic,  and 
believe,  with  the  late  R.  N.  Oakman,  there  was  never  100  bushels 
shelled  corn,  honest  measure,  produced  on  an  acre  of  New  England 
soil. — H.  C.  Haskell,  Franklin  County,  Mass. 

It  is  hot  surprising  that  Mr.  Haskell  questions  the  report  on  yields 
of  corn.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  average  for  the  United  States  is 
only  about  26  bushels  to  the  acre,  and  farmers  in  general  consider  a 
crop  of  T  OO  bushels  ear  corn  to  the  acre  a  mighty  good  one.  In  this 
connection,  however,  let  it  be  recalled  that  back  in  1889  was  produced 
the  prize  acre  of  corn  ever  grown  in  America.  This  prize  acre  gave 
255  bushels  shelled  corn  as  it  came  from  the  field.  But  this  was  the 
green  weight,  product  being  field  dried.  Therefore,  Dr.  W.  B.  Barney, 


under  the  direction  of  J.  B.  McBryde,  director  of  the  South  Carolina 
station,  analyzed  a  fair  sample  of  the  corn  and  found  it  conained  only 
15%  water.  Therefore,  the  255  bushels  of  shelled  corn  actually  con¬ 
tained  217  bushels  dry  matter  in  the  kernels  without  any  water 
whatsoever.  On  the  customary  basis  of  10%  water  for  thoroughly 
crib-cured  old  corn,  or  kiln-dried  corn  the  yield  was  229  bushels 
shelled  corn  from  a  single  acre. 

^  Remember  this  crop  was  raised  by  Z.  J.  Drake,  of  Marlboro  County, 
S.  C.  ,  in  1889.  He  received  $500  in  gold  from  American  Agriculturist, 
the  Journal  which  originated  and  conducted  the  contest,  and  a 
similar  sum  was  given  him  by  the  South  Carolina  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture. 

The  second  largest  crop  grown  in  that  remarkable  contest  was  bv 
Alfred  Rose,  of  Yates  County,  N.  Y.  His  yield  was  15,898  pounds 
corn  on  the  ear,  averaging  26%  cob,  or  213  bushels  shelled  corn,  green 
weight,  or  191  bushels  crib  cured,  and  174  bushels  actual  dry  matter, 
this  contest  nttiacted  world- wide  attention  ^  and  has  since  been  quoted 
freely  by  leading  authorities  of  America.  There  were  several  contes¬ 
tants  who  harvested  more  than  100  bushels  shelled  corn  to  the  acre. 


For  further  description  of  this  corn  crop  grown  by  Z.  J.  Drake 
see  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST,  December  3,  1910 


American  Agriculturist  Cora  Contest 

Described  in  “The  Book  of  Corn,”  Pages  353-359.  Orange  Judd  &  Company.  Under  direction  of  Herbert  Myrick. 


I iist  Ci op,  A.  J.  Drake,  Marlborough  County,  South.  Carolina 


Yield,  one  acre 


BUSHELS  (GREEN  WEIGHT). 

255 


BUSHELS  (CRIB  CURED). 

239 


TOTAL  expense. 

$264 


net  EXPENSE,  PER  BUSHEL 

44  cents 


ion  n  J  a,1'draVlVM  I"  ™ie  T'C  :  1’000  bushels  of  stable  manure,  4,800  lbs.  Manipulated  Guano  T, 800  lbs  Cotton  Seed  Meal 

Stawe'«^.,d  Y^ety1  ^  *  8#d*  ^  7’400  lbs'  ,eV‘"izer  *«  the 


Second  Crop,  Alfred  Rose,  Yates  County,  New  York. 


BUSHELS  (GREEN  WEIGHT). 

213 


BUSHELS  (CRIB  CURED). 

191 


TOTAL  EXPENSE. 

$62 


NET  EXPENSE,  PER  BUSHEL 

16  cents 


Yield,  one  acre 

IVeZ^JgHculturist^  C°™  Ma“Ure  a,0“'  "°  S‘aWe  3oil>  Early 


The  Great  Corn  Contest  of  the  American  Agriculturist.  45  Crops  in  all. 

Crops  213,  II 9  and 95  bushels  each;  Grown  on  one  measured  acre  exclusively  with  the  MAPES  CORN  MANURE 

Of  this  great  crop  213  bushels  shelled  corn,  grown  in  Yates  County,  N.  Y.,  with  the  Mapes  Corn  Manure  (800 

!mrl1n!nkPer  ^  tEe  American  Agriculturist  says:  “If  we  allow  only  $15  as  the  value  of  the  tops  for  fodder 

and  make  no  account  of  the  bottom  stalks,  the  cost  comes  within  twenty  cents  a  bushel  (shelled  corn).” 

(chemically  dri^d  ^Vbusliels1)  P  gr°Wn  With  fertilizers  OTHER  THAN  the  MaPe«  (45  crops  in  all)  was  84  BUSHELS 


Some  large  crops  grown  with  the  Mapes  Corn  Manure,  and  reported  in  the  Agricultural  Press 

C^nMaVurr^  ^  t0  "  116*  “  “  -  P«  ^ ,  grown’on  farm  of 

ttacs  (“>  witb  «*>  1—  per  —  Value  of  the  grain  alone  over  live 

the  Ma^W^VorLf  ^  °“  &ttr  159'37  busMs  «  —  bushels  on  one  acre.  Nothing  used  but 


Oil  two  acres,  600  pounds  of  Mapes  alone,  broadcast,  198  bushels  shelled 
bushels  (ears).  Grown  by  Dr.  Henry  Stewart.  —  New  England  Homestead. 

Oue  hundred  and  eighty  bushels  of  ears  per  acre  ;  shelled,  98.45  bushels, 
per  acre)  used. — Connecticut  Farmer. 


corn.  On  three  acres,  same  fertilizer,  same  quantity  489 
2,058  bushels  (ears)  on  16  acres.  Only  Mapes  (800  pounds 


Corn  &  Renovating'  Crop*— --From  the  American  Agriculturist. 

villi  Mape,s  9°fn  AI.ai‘ure  alone  was  llsed  ou  tlle  lai*ge  crops  recently  described  in  the  American  Agriculturist  but 

and  by  the  use  of  seed  Hio  wiB  “  combination  of  season,  sunshine,  moisture,  soil,  texture  and  fertilization, 

and  by  the  use  of  seed  that  will  produce  two  or  more  ears  per  stalk.  Corn  is  a  comparatively  sure  crop  and  Prof  Manes 

says  that,  with  judicious  fertilization,  it  can  be  made  a  renovating  crop  and  not  an  exhausting  crop  as  is  generally  supposed 
teZTjfreeof  wefdf  **  ^  °r  «*“eral  besides  “oney  from  the  start.  SariS 


Descriptive  pamphlet  for  1911 — “The  Mapes  Manures  and  How  to  Use  Them”— 
maded  free.  Also  pamphlets  on  Tobacco,  Market  Truck,  Fruit  Trees  and 
bmali  bruits,  including  Granges,  Pineapples,  etc.,  in  Florida,  West  Indies,  etc. 

The  MAPES  FORMULA  fir  PERUVIAN  GUANO  CO. 

143  Liberty  Street,  New  York 


322 


March  11, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


FLORIDA  NOTES.  No.  5. 

The  soil  on  the  ridge  where  our  little 
town  is  located  is  very  light.  At  first 
sight  a  stranger  would  call  it  pure  sand. 
By  kicking  or  digging  into  it  he  would 
lind  a  darker  color  with  a  fair  supply  of 
vegetable  matter.  Below  is  a  peculiar  sort 
of  subsoil,  quite  hard  and  solid,  and  the 
soil  is  “spotted,”  that  is,  not  uniform.  On 
one  side  of  a  fence  you  may  find  a  strong 
soil  which  will  produce  good  crops.  On 
the'  other  side  there  will  be  a  peculiar  sort 
of  sand  absolutely  worthless  for  farming. 

1  was,  told  of  one  case  where  land  specu¬ 
lators  sold  a  man  such  a  soil  on  the  prom¬ 
ise  that  it  was  “white  muck-’  equal  in 
strength  to  the  ordinary  black  muck  at  the 
North.  All  sorts  of  deviltry  and  wicked¬ 
ness  have  been  known  in  Florida,  but 
through  it  all  there  lias  been  nothing  worse 
than  the  way  some  of  these  cursed  land 
speculators  operate.  A  man  coming  from 
the  rich  soil  of  some  Northern  valley  might 
say  that  this  poor  sand  cannot  muster 
plant  food  enough  to  grow  anything.  Let 
him  look  at  the  new  wood  on  peach  or 
other  trees  and  he  will  be  astonished. 
When  the  hoy  came  here  to  start  his  gar¬ 
den  ho  found  a  mass  of  weeds  six  feet 
high.  There  is  something  about  the  better 
class  of  this  light  soil  which  responds  like 
magic  when  water  is  put  on  it.  That  is 
what  upsets  the  calculation  of  the  average 
Northern  man.  It  will  take  him  several 
years  to  know  how  to  handle  this  “sand.” 

At  intervals  all  through  this  section  will 
be  found  lakes  or  ponds.  Most  of  them 
are  little  sink  holes  or  depressions  into 
which  the  drainage  water  collects.  There 
are  several  large  lakes,  but  on  the  ridge 
where  we  are  most  “farms”  touch  a  small 
pond.  1  think  these  bodies  of  water  are  to 
be  used  later  for  irrigation.  Away  from 
the  sandy  ridge  and  sloping  to  the  larger 
lake  the  soil  becomes  more  swampy  and 
damp.  Along  the  lake  shore  are  patches  of 
naturally  strong  soil.  I  have  a  piece  of 
land  there  which'  we  have  abandoned.  It 
is  too  far  from  “home,”  too  low  to  be 
healthy,  and  subject  to  overflow  when  the 
wind  blows  so  as  to  back  the  water  into  it. 
With  capital  to  drain  and  irrigate  such 
soil  could  be  used  to  grow  onions  or  celery, 
but  no  one  could  live  on  it.  Nearby  are 
several  abandoned  houses  where  in  former 
years  Northern  families  located  and  planted 
oranges.  Frost  destroyed  the  groves  and 
malaria  in  this  low  land  destroyed  or 
drove  away  the  pcpple.  I  paid  $200  for  30 
acres  of  this  rich  soil.  Some  day  it  may 
he  useful  for  pecans,  hut  at  present  it 
lies  idle  like  thousands  of  acres  once  sold 
at  a  high  figure.  There  is  still  some  gov¬ 
ernment  land  in  this  section,  but  it  would 
he  a  tremendous  job  to  clear  it.  Many 
former  “farms”  have  gone  back  to  the 
State  or  county  through  failure  to  pay 
taxes.  Much  of  the  land  sold  by  “boom¬ 
ers”  seems  to  be  of  this  character.  Some 
of  the  saddest  tragedies  ever  enacted  in 
this  land  are  being  worked  out  in  the  lives 
of  poor  victims  who  have  bought  "homes” 
in  some  of  the  Florida  land  companies. 
At  the  possible  risk  of  doing  some  honest 
“companies”  (if  there  be  any)  an  injustice 
1  would  advise  our  people  to  let  this  com¬ 
pany  or  stock  land  buying  absolutely  alone. 
Do  not  put  up  one  dollar  for  any  land 
without  going  yourself  to  look  it  over.  (Jo, 
if  possible,  during  the  worst  season — when 
it  is  raining  hard.  If  there  is  a  pond 
nearby  and  you  have  capital  you  can 
handle  the  dry  time,  but  see  what  the 
rainy  season  does  before  you  buy.  I  am 
tbld  stories  of  insanity,  death  and  loss  of 
health  by  people  who  were  located  on 
lanu  fit  only  for  fish  to  occupy.  They 
bought  it  at  a  dry  time  when  it  looked 
light,  but  later  the  lake  and  the  river 
jumped  out  of  their  beds  and  washed  away 
all  hope. 

Now,  in  order  to  get  close  to  the  heart  of 
things,  I  will  print  a  letter  just  as  it  came 
from  a  woman  in  New  Jersey.  This  is 
typical  of  one  class  of  people  who  need 
Florida.  I  know  that  within  10  days 
after  this  is  printed  I  shall  have  50  letters 
from  Florida  people  who  want  to  sell  land  ! 
1  will  tell  them  all  to  begin  with,  that  the 
address  will  not  be  given.  I  have  already 
been  approached  by  four  different  com¬ 
panies  who  are  trying  to  work  off  land, 
urging  me  to  “work”  the  scheme  for  a 
share  of  the  proceeds ! 

Wanted,  A  Winter  Home. 

Just  now,  having  managed  to  live  through 
another  Northern  Winter,  we  are  wonder¬ 
ing  whether  one  more  will  not  write  finis 
after  both  our  names.  Also  we  wonder  if 
the  few  years  we  may  live  would  not  be 
less  of  a  torment  if  we  could  spend  them, 
or  part  of  them,  in  the  South.  We  could 
only  afford  to  buy  or  rent  a  small  cottage, 
near  enough  to  some  town  so  that  supplies 
could  be  obtained  there,  but  certain  com¬ 
forts  we  must  have  in  any  case.  The  milk 
euestion  would  not  be  so  serious  a  matter 
as  that  of  obtaining  ice  and  pure  drinking 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


water  and  some  fresh  meat.  I  have  no  idea 
where  yohr  Southern  place  is  located.  Is 
it  near  some  town  where  there  are  cottages 
to  sell  or  rent?  What  could  a  small  one 
be  bought  for  that  could  be  made  comfort¬ 
able  for  two  old  folks  and  yet  not  entirely 
deplete  their  bank  account?  We  should 
want  very  little  land — perhaps  enough  for 
a  small  garden  in  which  the  “houseband" 
could  amuse  himself.  Are  any  of  the  houses 
made  with  cellars  down  there?  Some  one 
has  told  me  that  cellars  are  unknown  in 
the  far  South.  Seems  as  if  I  could  not 
keep  house  without  one,  but  probably  I 
could.  M.  b.  B. 

I  think  there  can  bo  no  question  that 
Winters  in  Florida  would  mean  comfort  and 
added  years  to  such  people.  It  would  be  an 
ideal  way  for  elderly  people  to  live — pro¬ 
vided.  as  I  repeat  over  and  over,  they  have 
the  price.  In  such  case  1  should  want  to 
live  in  the  South  from  about  November  15 
to  April  15  or  May  1.  Now,  let  everyone 
understand  that  1  am  not  trying  in  any 
way  to  advertise  or  “boom"  one  particular 
section.  Our  folks  like  the  place,  but  I 
am  told  by  people  in  other  sections  that 
they  can  offer  far  better  opportunities.  I 
refer  to  this  small  spot  because  I  have 
been  here  and  can  speak  without  guessing 
at  it. 

It  would  be  comparatively  easy  to  rent 
or  buy  a  Winter  cottage.  Lumber  is  cheap 
and  plain  finishing  is  the  rule.  I  should 
say  that  houses  can  be  built  here  for  60 

per  cent  of  the  cost  at  the  North.  Prob¬ 

ably  $1200  would  put  up  such  a  cottage  as 
these  people  would  want.  There  is  a  good 
country  store  at  our  place  where  all  ordi¬ 
nary  supplies  are  on  hand.  Six  to  seven 
miles  away  are  two  towns  where  practically 
everything  found  in  a  large  Northern  town 
can  be  had.  There  are  good  doctors  in 

these  towns.  We  can  reach  them  by  going 
a  mile  to  a  tel<*phone.  Ice  can  be  obtained 
quite  easily.  Our  folks  send  to  Palatka 
for  ice.  It  comes  in  200-pound  cakes, 

packed  in  sawdust  and  sacking,  so  that  little 
is  lost.  Drinking  water  is  obtained  from 
wells,  and  on  our  sandy  ridge  the  water 
is  of  good  quality,  though  not  cold  like  our 
Northern  water.  A  butcher  drives  through 
the  place  twice  a  week.  Ilis  meats  are  not 
equal  to  the  best  dressed  beef,  but  by 
thorough  cooking  they  can  be  made  ac¬ 
ceptable.  The  lakes  are  well  stocked  with 
fish,  and  the  woods  are  full  of  quail,  and 
both  can  be  obtained*' at  a  low  price. 

When  it  comes  to  a  garden,  the  Northern 
immigrant  fails  to  grasp  the  situation  at 
first.  Winter  in  Florida  is  the  dry  season. 
Our  people  have  seen  no  rain  of  any  con¬ 
sequence  since  December  1.  In  some  cases 
gardens  are  made  close  to  the  lakes  or 
ponds  and  carried  along  without  irrigation. 

1  saw  several  such  patches — far  away  from 
the  house  and  located  in  a  swamp.  In 
most  cases,  however,  in  our  locality,  it 
would  be  folly  to  start  a  garden  without 
some  plan  of  supplying  water.  Uncle  Ed. 
has  a  hot  air  pumping  outfit  which  raises 
water  from  the  lake  into  a  tank,  from 
which  it  runs  to  the  house  and  is  piped 
to  the  garden.  Without  this  few,  if  any, 
vegetables  would  grow.  I  am  speaking  now 
of  Winter  or  dry  season  gardening,  which  is 
what  our  friend  has  in  mind.  If  she  ex¬ 
pected  to  come  here  and  operate  a  garden 
as  they  do  through  a  New  Jersey  Summer 
there  would  be  sure  disappointment.  With 
a  water  supply  it  is  possible  to  have  some 
green  vegetables  in  a  Florida  garden  every 
day  in  the  year.  Yet,  since  our  folks  have 
been  there  this  Winter,  potatoes  have  been 
killed  to  the  ground  twice. 

There  are  no  cellars  at  all  in  this  coun¬ 
try.  No  one  thinks  of  digging  one.  The 
houses  are  raised  from  the  ground  on  posts 
or  concrete  foundations  and  the  air  cir¬ 
culates  under  them.  Out  in  the  country, 
among  the  “crackers”  or  negroes,  you  will 
find  this  space  fully  occupied  by  dogs, 
chickens  or  hogs.  There  is  no  such  usage 
in  the  little  village  where  our  folks  live. 
The  houses  are  all  neat  and  clean,  and 
every  inhabitant  will  tell  you  that  the  town 
is  “the  prettiest  place  on  the  railroad !" 
Keeping  house  without  a  cellar  in  Florida 
would  prove  more  natural  than  keeping 
house  with  one.  You  can  travel  from  New 
York  to  our  place  on  boat  and  car  for  less 
than  $30,  including  meals.  There  will  be  no 
coal  bill  in  Florida,  and  at  present  fuel 
costs  simply  the  hauling.  Only  light,  plain 
clothing  will  be  needed.  By  keeping  a 
small  flock  of  hens  through  the  Winter — 
eating  them  up  at  the  close — and  buying 
supplies  to  good  advantage,  such  people  as 
these  from  New  Jersey  could  pass  the  Win¬ 
ter  more  economically  than  in  their  North¬ 
ern  home.  There  can  he  no  question  or 
argument  about  their  being  far  more  com¬ 
fortable  and  happy  here  during  the  cold 
season.  One  week  in  the  Florida  air  of  Jan¬ 
uary  would  convince  anyone  of  that.  I 
think  one  great  future  for  Florida  lies 
in  making  Winter  homes  for  just  such 
people.  ii.  w.  c. 

Killing  Sumach. — I  saw  inquiry  some 
time  ago  about  killing  sumach.  If  inquirer 
will  peel  the  bushes  wlitn  the  bark  slips 
easily  they  will  die  root  and  branch. 

West  Virginia..  .  t:  s.  g. 


Rubber  Boot  Time 

is  NOW! 

This  is  the  time  of  year  when  outdoor  work  is  im¬ 
possible  without  the  proper  foot  protection.  You  get 
this  protection  in  the  famous  “Ball-Band”  ^ 
Rubber  Boots.  They  defy  the  wet,  slush  or 
snow  and  keep  your  feet  warm  and  your 
health  good.  8,000,000  satisfied 
wearers  testify  to  their  superiority^^ 
over  common  rubber  boots.  A  | 


* 


I  X 

m 


Quality 
’alone  has  built 
rup  all  of  this  enor¬ 
mous  business.  We 
make  but  a  small  frac¬ 
tion  of  the  profit  that  we 
might  have  if  we  skimped 
in  materials  and  workmanship. 
For  crude  rubber  is  a  very  costly 
article,  and  many  manufacturers  can 
only  maintain  themselves  by  cheapening 
the  materials. 

We  prefer  to  take  less  profit  and  make  permanent 
friends.  That’s  why  this  tremendous  growing  patronage,  now 
Over  8,000,000,  will  have  nothing  but  “Ball-Band”  rubber  footwear. 
And  though  we  are  as  liberal  as  possible  in  the  quality  and  work¬ 
manship  of  “Ball-Band”  goods,  using  only  the  best  materials  and 
employing  the  most  skilled  labor,  we  cut  expenses  in  other 
departments.  Our  magnificent  selling  organization  and  the  fact 
that  most  good  dealers  are  eager  to  handle  our  goods  makes  our 
selling  expense  only  one-fifth  that  of  some  manufacturers. 

“Ball-Band”  rubber  boots  are  for  sale  by  45,000  first-class 
dealers.  Some  of  these  dealers  also  handle  ordinary  brands. 
So  be  sure  that  you  seethe  RED  “Ball-Band”  trade-mark. 
If  your  dealer  can’t  supply  you,  write  us,  mentioning  alt 

Mishawaka  Woolen 
Manufacturing  Co. 
Mishawaka,  Ind. 

'The  Home  That  Pays  Millions 

for  Quality ”  (41) 


I  I  Be  An  Independent  Buyer  Spend  One  Cent  P’oi* 

This  Big  FREE  Book 


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Our  Big  Free  Stove  and  Range  Book  gives  you  our 
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Over  140,000  satisfied  cus¬ 
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8100,000  bank  bond  guarantee.  We  prepay  all  freight  and  give  you 
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Kalamazoo  Stove  Company,  Mfrs.,  Kalamazoo,  Michigan 


Pumps  Air  Through  Clothes 


Syracuse  “EASY**  Washer  uses 
vacuum  principle  and  forces  air 
and  suds  through  the  clothes. 
Cleans  perfectly  without  pulling, 
hauling  or  tearing.  Built  to  lasta 
lifetime.  Write  today  for  Free  Laundry 
Recipes  and  30-Day  Free  T rialOfler. 
BODGE&Zrihh,  224  1  Dillaye 
Building,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  or  Easy 
Washer  Co.*  Bruce  and  Dundas 
Streets,  Toronto,  Canada. 


ForBest  EXTENSION  LADDER 


at  factory  prices 
write  to 

JOHN  J.  IMITTKIt.H  Mill  St.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


Is  its  Capacity— Earning  Power. 

SPENCER  HAY  PRESS  Catalogues  make  groat 
and  definite  claims  proven  by  the  press  in  action 
or  no  sale.  Nature  of  contract  protects  you.  (  overs 
every  claim  by  actual  figures.  More  tons  per  hour 

guaranteed  than  by  any  other  _  Write 

horse  press,  same  size  bale.  Right 

Send  for  new  Catalogue  K  .  //Haj El*Si  NOW 

J.  A.  SPENCER 

Dwight,  Illinois 


Don’t  Strain  Your  Back  With  Heavy  Lifting! 

You  can  lift  as  much  as  three  strong  men  with  but  little  exertion  if  you  use  the 

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wire,  move  heavy  stones,  lift  and  move  injured  or  dead  animals,  when  you  have 
a  Burr  Block.  Just  the  thing  for  the  garage  for  changing  auto  bodies  and  lifting 
the  chassis  for  underneath  work. 

Burr  Automatic  Safety 
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n]]  the  work  of  a  chain  block  in  a  much  better  way.  It  is  the  only  rope  block  that  com. 
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You  can  raise  or  lower  the  object  nnv  distance  —  the  thickness  of  a  sheet  of  paper  if 
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largest  size  (capacity  6. C00  pounds)  costs  but  $4.46.  There  is  no  other  apparatus  tnai* 
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1911. 


323 


Ruralisms 


FINE  POINTS  OF  SPRAYING. 

Find  out  what  you  are  going  to  spray 
for.  Find  out  the  best  remedy  for 
that  particular  trouble.  Find  out  proper 
time  to  apply  that  remedy  most  effective¬ 
ly.  Lastly,  make  the  application  in  the 
most  thorough  manner.  Strict  attention 
to  the  above  essential  points  makes  the 
difference  between  success  or  failure  in 
spraying.  The  average  farmer  who  has 
not  had  a  live  interest  in  fruit  growing 
is  likely  to  fall  down  upon  one  and  usu¬ 
ally  more  than  one  of  the  above  proposi¬ 
tions.  Spraying  is  coming  to  be  a  more 
exact  science  as  the  life  history  of  the 
various  insect  and  fungous  troubles  is 
being  worked  out,  and  the  best  time  to 
combat  them  most  effectively  found.  A 
careful  reading  of  experiment  station 
and  United  States  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture  bulletins  upon  these  subjects  will 
furnish  the  most  up-to-date  information, 
and  is  essential  for  intelligent  results. 

The  worst  pest  of  the  apple  grower 
is  the  larva  of  the  Codling  moth— the 
chief  cause  of  wormy  apples.  Best  reme¬ 
dy,  arsenate  of  lead,  two  to  three  pounds 
to  50  gallons  of  water.  Best  time  to 
apply,  just  as  last  blossom  petals  are 
dropping.  Spraying  must  be  finished  by 
10  days  after  that  date.  Every  calyx 
cup  should  be  hit  by  the  poison  spray. 
Another  spraying  could  be  given  two 
or  three  weeks  later,  but  results  ob¬ 
tained  last  two  or  three  years  indicate 
that  if  this  first  spraying  was  made  at 
proper  time  and  thoroughly  done,  Cod¬ 
ling  moth  would  be  effectively  controlled. 

Apple  scab,  commonly  called  “fungus,” 
in  years  favorable  for  its  development 
often  causes  severe  loss.  Apples  should 
be  sprayed  with  lj4  gallons  of  concen¬ 
trated  lime-sulphur  solution  to  50  of 
water,  just  before  blossoms  open;  two 
pounds  of  arsenate  of  lead  added  if  leaf¬ 
eating  larvae  are  present.  The  same 
mixture  can  be  used  at  the  time  of  spray¬ 
ing  for  Codling  moth,  and  will  also 
protect  against  the  scab  and  control  the 
Codling  moth  at  the  same  time.  An¬ 
other  spraying  with  the  same  mixture 
should  be  applied  three  to  four  weeks 
later. .  These  three  sprayings  should  be 
effective  in  controlling  Codling  moth, 
leaf-eating  larvae  and  apple  scab. 

B.  d.  v.  B. 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


Transplanting  Young  Trees. 

H.  H.  Palestine,  Ohio. — I  have  an  old  or¬ 
chard  of  apples  set  30  feet  each  way,  with 
young  trees  set  in  the  square  in  1902.  The 
man  who  owned  it  then  supposed  by  the 
time  they  got  a  start,  the  old  ones  would 
be  out  of  the  way,  but  /nstead  they  are  as 
thrifty  as  they  were  then.  It  is  in  sod. 
They  are  shading  the  young  trees  so  they 
cannot  do  any  good.  I  have  a  place  I  could 
Pu^  them  where  I  took  out  some  plums. 
Could  they  be  transplanted  with  safety?  I 
don  t  like  to  lose  them.  When  would  be 
the  best  time?  Would  like  your  advice 
setting  dwarf  apples  for  fillers.  Would  it 
be  better  to  blow  the  plum  stumps  out  or 
dig  them,  as  the  trees  would  have  to  go  in 
the  same  place  to  keep  them  straight  in 
rows.  b 

An. — The  eight-year-old  apple  trees 
can  be  dug  out  and  transplanted.  This 
will  save  some  years  with  a  new  or¬ 
chard.  We  dig  around  such  trees  so 
as  to  leave  a  bunch  of  earth  about  as 
large  as  a  bushel  basket  around  the 
roots.  The  top  is  cut  back  one-half  to 
two-thirds.  The  tree  can  then  be  put  on 
a  stone  boat  and  hauled  to  the  place 
of  new  planting.  Dig  a  hole  a  trifle 
larger  than  the  bunch  of  earth  on  the 
roots,  and  plant  the  tree  an  inch  or 
more  deeper  than  it  stood  in  the  old 
place.  Pack  earth  around  it  and  pound 
it  down  hard,  being  very  careful  not  to 
leave  any  space  around  the  roots.  When 
planted  throw  a  good  mulch  of  manure, 
straw  or  similar  stuff  around  the  tree. 
Be  careful  not  to  rub  the  bark  off  in 
transplanting.  Trees  15  to  20  years  old 
are  successfully  moved  in  this  way.  The 
best  time  is  in  early  Spring,  while  the 
trees  are  dormant  and  the  soil  is  moist. 
We  should  blow  out  the  plum  stumps. 
We  do  not  favor  dwarf  apples  as  fillers. 

Apples  for  Virginia. 

R.,  Danville,  I  a. — What  kind  and  how 
many  of  each  kind  of  apples  should  be 
planted  for  home  consumption  in  Piedmont. 

^  lrSUiia,  light  C-ndy  soil,  clay  sub-soil,  on 
a  piece  of  ground  that  will  set  40  trees, 
oO  feet  apart  each  way,  and  how  prepare 
the  land  to  set  them,  in  the  Fall  of  1911? 

.  Ans.  Almost  any  of  the  ordinary  va¬ 
rieties  of  fruits  will  succeed  in  the 
Piedmont  region  of  Virginia.  The 
method  of  handling  the  land  as  it  has 
been  described  is  very  good,  and  it 
ought  to  be  in  fair  condition  now.  After 
the  oats  are  cut  next  Summer  cow  peas 
should  be  put  in  with  a  drill,  in  rows 
about  30  inches  apart  and  cultivated 
twice.  I  his  will  make  a  crop  of  forage 
that  should  be  worked  into  the  ground 


before  the  trees  are  set  next  Fall.  As  a 
family  orchard  is  desired  I  would  sug¬ 
gest  that  the  distance  apart  for  setting 
the  trees  be  25  by  25  feet  rather  than 
30  feet.  This  will  give  opportunity  for 
more  than  40  trees  and  occupy  the 
ground  more  fully  than  at  the  greater 
distance.  And  really  30  feet  is  too  far 
apart  for  trees  for  about  15  or  20  years, 
and  then  they  will  get  to  be  too  close. 
But  in  planting  the  trees  25  feet  apart 
they  must  be  thinned  by  digging  out  a 
part  of  the  trees  as  crowding  begins. 
The  proper  way  to  do  this  is  to  remove 
every  other  row  diagonally,  which  will 
make  those  remaining  a  little  over  35 
feet  apart.  It  is  supposed  that  this  or¬ 
chard  is  to  serve  as  one  for  home  use 
chiefly  and  any  surplus  fruit  is  to  be 
sold.  Of  the  Summer  and  Fall  varie¬ 
ties  but  few  trees  of  each  will  be  needed 
and  the  larger  part  of  the  Winter  kinds. 
The  following  list  will  suit  the  case  in 
question:  Yellow  Transparent,  two; 

Early  Harvest,  two ;  Liveland  Rasp¬ 
berry,  two;  Golden  Sweet,  two;  Fanny, 
two;  Jefferis,  two;  Fall  Pippin,  two; 
Ortley,  two;  Grimes,  four;  Jonathan, 
five;  Winesap,  five;  Stayman,- five ;  York 
Imperial,  five.  If  more  than  these  40 
trees  listed  are  planted,  which  may  be 
done  by  the  plan  of  using  fillers  as  sug¬ 
gested,  the  addition  should  be  more  trees 
of  the  last  five  varieties  named. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 

Grape  Disease  in  Mexico. 

,.N'  ,  R-,  Tampico,  Mexico.— We  are 

situated  in  the  state  of  Vera  Cruz  about 
60  miles  south  of  the  great  seaport  of 
Tampico;  living  on  a  very  large  island  be¬ 
tween  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  Lake  Tami- 
akua,  which  takes  its  waters  from  toe 
gulf  and  therefore  is  salty.  The  island  at 
thi3  point  is  about  3%  miles  wide  and  the 
soil  is  a  dark  sandy  loam,  evidently 
washed  in  by  the  gulf  and  the  subsequent 
decaying  of  tropical  vegetation,  the  surface 
being  from  one  to  four  feet  deep  in  de¬ 
cayed  vegetable  matter,  the  whole  being 
covered  mostly  with  tropical  timber  and 
jungle.  We  have  set  our  grapes  brought 
from  California  and  after  a  year’s  growth 
they  seem  to  be  doing  no  good,  having 
thrown  out  shoots  only  about  a  foot  in 
length.  They  will  start  nice  and  green  and 
In  a  short  time  the  leaves  will  tyrn  brown 
and  soon  fall  off,  and  then  start  again ; 
thus  the  strength  all  goes  to  renewing  the 
leaves  and  the  vines  do  not  make  much 
growth.  As  there  are  many  wild  grape¬ 
vines  full  of  grapes  in  this  vicinity  we 
cannot  understand  why  the  tame  ones  fail. 
Our  plants  are  set  about  100  yards  from 
the  lake  shore,  and  exposed  to  the  lake 
breeze,  which  is  a  salty  one.  Do  you 
think  this  would  affect  their  growth?  As 
the  soil  is  full  of  shells  (there  should  be 
an  abundance  of  lime,  and  we  cannot  un¬ 
derstand  why  they  blight  so. 

Ans. — It  is  my  opinion  that  these 
grapevines  are  suffering  from  downy 
mildew,  as  the  situation  is  low  and  moist, 
one  greatly  favoring  such  disease,  and 
the  vines  are  of  the  Vinifera  class, 
the  most  subject  to  that  disease,  and  the 
“symptoms”  described  fit  the  effects  of 
that  fungus.  Thorough  spraying  with 
Bordeaux  Mixture,  beginning  with  th£ 
growing  season  and  administering  every 
10  days  during  rainy  weather  will  hold 
it  off,  if  it  be  that  disease. 

Texas.  t.  v.  munson. 


“Your  buckwheat  cakes,  dear,”  said 
the  young  husband,  “are  fine,  but  this 
syrup  is  utterly  unlike  any  I  ever  tasted 
before.  “It  must  be  all  right,  George,” 
said  the  young  wife.  ‘  Pgot  it  out  of 
that  tin  can  on  the  top  shelf  in  the  pan¬ 
try.”  ^  “Ah,  that  explains  it,  dearie. 
That’s  a  can  of  carriage  varnish.” — Chi¬ 
cago  Tribune. 


Spray  and  Make 
Your  Crop  a  Success 

You  can  practically  determine  in  advance  the  amount  of  perfect 
fruit  or  vegetables  if  you  spray  regularly  with 

ELECTRO  Arsenate  of  Lead 

(in  Powdered  Form) 

Its  (guaranteed)  32^-33%  arsenic  oxide  —  twice  the  strength  of  other  brands — kills 
all  leaf-eating  insects  at  once,  but  the  newest  foliage  will  not  be  harmed  because  Electro 
contains  less  than  of  1%  water-soluble  arsenic.  Electro  is  the  only  successful  dry 
arsenate  of  lead  because  it  is  the  only  one  in  amorphous  (non-crystalline)  form.  Mixes 
instantly  with  water  and  remains  long  in  suspension  ;  or  can  be  used  as  a  dust.  Rains 
cannot  wash  it  off. 

Tests  by  Conn,  and  N.  J.  Agri.  Exper.  Stations  prove  its  value — send  for  these. 

Write,  too,  for  our  folders  on  Electro  Arsenate  of  Lead  and  on  Lime-Sulph;zr 
Solution — of  greatest  interest  and  value  to  all  orchardists  and  truck 
growers. 

If  your  dealer  cannot  supply,  write  us  for  prices,  proofs  and 
name  of  nearest  distributor, 

THE  VREELAND  CHEMICAL  CO. 
32  Church  Street,  New  York 


SPRAY  £2°P.tre.<lb.y  N.V.  State  Fruit  Growers’  Assn 

urnw  I  IT  W ILL  FAX  YOU  TO  USE  EITHER. 

FOR  ALL  LEAF  EATING  INSECTS 
RESPONSIBLE  DISTRIBUTERS  mo  AGENTS  WANTED 

KEY  BRAND 

RIGHT  PRICE  and  MATERIAL 

^FUNGICIDE  and  INSECTICIDE^ 

T 

INTERSTATE  CHEMICAL  CO." 

14  BAYVIE.W  AVE..JERSEY  CITY  N  J 
WRITE  FOR  PRICES. CIRCULARS  ETC.  CORRESPONDENCE  SOLICITED^ 

"ONE  FOR  AIL,"  No.  I 

DEATH  TO  inetCTS  .  FUNGI 

Barrels,  425  lbs _  _05c  per  IS' 

X  Bbls.,200  Ibs...-^. 

100  lbs - . -at  t.' 

50  lbs . . m  ,  ,  -  .  naifv  o 

25  Ibt  .08  — 

r  O.  B  NEW  YORK; 

Wool  Grease,  Arsenate  of  Lead,  Lime-Sulphur 
Combined.  A  Contact  and  Poison  Spray. 

Aft  Insecticide  &  Fungicide. 

Only  Thing  Needed  for  all  Pests  or  Fungus? 
WRITE  FOR  BOOKLET. 

MANHATTAN  OIL  COMPANY 

£stabUshed  1882. 

[51  Front  Street.  Nerr  York 

TO  KILL 

San  Jose  Scale 

USE 

Bergenport  Brand  Sublimed 

Flowers  of  Sulohur 

The  best  form  of  sulphur  for  Lime  Sulphur  Wash 
Combines  easily  and  quickly  with  lime.  Write  to 

BEKGKNPOBI  SULPHUR  WORKS 
T.  &  S.  C.  White  Co.,  100  William  St..  NY.. 

GET THE  BEST 

A  Good  Spray  Pump  earns 
big  profits  and  lasts  for  years. 

THE  ECLIPSE  | 

is  a  good  pump.  As 
•  practical  fruit  grow- 
)  ers  we  were  using  common 
sprayers  in  our  own  orchards 
— found  their  defects  and 
invented  the  Eclipse.  Its 
success  forced  us  to  manu¬ 
facturing  on  a  large  scaie. 
You  take  no  chances.  We 
have  done  all  the  experi¬ 
menting.  Large  fully  illustrated  Catalog 
and  Treatise  on  spraying  FREE. 

MORRILL  &  MORLEY.  Benton  Harbor.  Mich. 


JARVIS  SPRAYING  COMPOUND 

IS  THE  CHEAPEST  AND  BEST.  IT  HAS  NO  SUPERIOR. 

SURE  CURE  FOR  SAN  JOSE  SCALE. 

Buy  direct  from  the  manufacturer  and  save  money 
Spraying  Compound  ready  to  mix  with  water.  One 
gallon  of  Spraying  compound  will  make  from  sixteen  to 
twenty  gallons  of  spray. 

Terms:— In  bbl.  lots  (50  gal.)  30c.  per  gal. 

We  would  refer  you  to  J.  H.  Hale,  the  Peach  King,  or 
Prof.  Jarvis  of  the  Connecticut  Agricultural  College. 
They  will  tell  you  there  is  nothing  better. 

THE  J.  T.  ROBERTSON  CO.,  BOX  R,  MANCHESTER,  CONN. 


Spray  30  Acres  a  Day 

Potatoes,  Small  Fruits,  Vines 

Spraying  that  counts.  6  rows  at  a  time  with  force  to  do 
work  right.  Foliage  sprayed  all  over,  under  as  well  as 
on  rop.  The  Perfection  Sprayer  is  also  great  at  orchard 
work.  Spray  trees  by  hand.  Easy  to  maintain  160 
ponnds  pressure  with  two  nozzles  going.  Strong  60 
gallon  tank,  perfect  agitation,  absolutely  best  spray 
pump  made.  Spray  pipes  fold  up— yon  can 
drive  close  to  trees  and  in  narrow  places. 
Over  23  years  a  sprayer  builder.  I  know  re¬ 
quirements,  and  1  know  the  Perfection  is 
right.  Over  lOOO  in  use, 
all  giving  satisfaction. 
Write  for  Free  Catalog. 
Don’t  buy  any  sprayer 
till  it  comes. 


THOMAS 
PEPPLER 
Box  45 ,  Hightstown,  H. J. 


You  Can  Depend  on  These  Sprayers 

Don’t  waste  your  money  on  uncertain  sprayers  the 
kind  that  are  often  out  of  order.  The 
largest  fruitgrowers  use  the  “Ilardie” 
because  it’s  a  sprayer  with  the 
trouble  left  out. 

This  Ilardie  No. 

2  PowerSprayer 
has  150  gal  .tank, 
all  brass  pump, 

1J  h.  p.  engine. 
Weight750lbs. 
Price  $180.00. 


The 

Ilardie  Sprayers 

are  made  in  25  different  sizes  and 
styles;  prices $3.60 to $360.  Our  cat¬ 
alogue  describes  these  sprayers, 
and  shows  you  the  best  way  to 
spray.  It’s  free.  Send  for  a  copy. 

THE  II  Alt  DIE  MFG.  CO. 

942  Mechanic  St.,  Hudson,  Mich, 
also  49  No.  Front  8t«,  Portland,  Ore. 


Hand  Outfit 


STAR 


SAVES 
TIME 
LABOR 
and 

Sows  evenly.  No  need  W'  SEED 

to  wait  for  quiet  day.  _ 

Sows  Timothy,  Clover,  Alsike,  Alfalfa,  Millet,  Turnip,  etc. 
J  wo  sizes:  14  ft.  and  lfi  ft.  Auger  feed.  Wood  frame.  Satis- 
faction  guaranteed.  Prompt  shipment.  If  your  dealer 
doesnot  handle  the  “STAR”  write  us  for  booklet. 

STAR  SEEDER  CO.,  Box  R,  Shortsville.  N.  Y. 


WHEELBARROW 
SEEDER 


SPRAYERS™  FREE  TRIAL 


NO  ■  MONET  -  IN  -  ADVANCE  —  NO 
BANK  DEPOSIT  —  PAY  AFTER  IT 

- -  ■  HAS  PAID  FOR  ITSELF 

LET  US  SEND  YOU  ANY  OF  THESE  SPRAYERS— to  try  for  10  days, 
then  if  you  buy,  you  can  pay  us  cash  or  we’ll  wait  till  you  sell  your  crop,  then 
you  can  pay  us  out  of  the  “extra  profit”  We  pay  freight.  Wholesale  dealers’ prices. 


Man-Power  Potato  and  Orchard  Sprayer. 


Sprays  “anything”  —  potatoes  or  truck.  4  rows  at  a 
time.  Also  first-class  tree  sprayer.  Vapor  spray  pre¬ 
vents  blight,  bugs,  scab  and  rot  from  cutting  your  crop 
in  half.  High  pressure  from  big  wheel.  Pushes  easy. 
Spray  arms  adjust  to  any  width  or  height  of  row.  Cheap 
strong  and  durable.  G  UAKA  NTKKD  FOR 
I IVL  FULL  YEARS.  Needn’t-send-a-centto  get  it  “on 
trial.  You  can  get  one  free  if  you  are  first  in  your  locality. 
Write  today. 


Horse-Power  Potato  and  Orchard  Sprayer. 


For  big  growers.  Most  powerful  machine  made.  60  to 
100  gallon  tank  for  one  or  two  horses.  Steel  axle.  One- 
piece-heavy-angle-iron  frame,  cypress  wood  tank  with 
adjustable  round  Iron  hoops.  Metal  wheels.  “Adjust¬ 
able”  spray  arms  and  nozzles.  Brass  ball-valves,  plun¬ 
ger,  strainer,  etc.  Big  pump  gives  vapor  spray.  War¬ 
ranted  for  five  years.  Try  this  machine  at  our  expense 
mth  your  money  xn  your  pocket."  See  free  offer  below. 
Write  today. 


Fltz-All  Barrel  Sprayer. 

Fits  any  barrel  or  tank.  Higli  pressure, 

Serfect  agitation,  easy  to  operate.  Brass 
all-valves,  plunger,  strainer,  etc.  Auto¬ 
matic  strainer.  No  “ cup  leathers  or  rub¬ 
ber’’  about  any  of  our  sprayers.  Furn¬ 
ished  plain,  mount^l  on  barrel,  or  on 
wheels  as  shown.  Pive  year  guarantee. 
It  don’t  cost  you  “o  cent ”  to  try  it  in  your 
orchard.  Get  one  free.  See  below. 

Write  today. 


r  E*  Y°u  can  Ket  a  Hurst  Sprayer  absolutely  free 
*  -  r  If  you  are  the  first  in  your  locality  this  season 

_ to  send  for  one  of  our  sprayers  for  trial. 

You  need  do  no  canvassing  or  soliciting.  It 
will  only  take  15  minutes  of  your  time.  We  do  the  work. 
When  you  get  a  sprayer  from  us  you  get  the  benefit  of  our 
24  years  experience  in  manufacturing  sprayers.  Hurst 
Sprayers  won  the  gold  medal  at  the  National  Horticultural 
Congress  spraying  machine  contest.  Send  us  a  postal  or 
mark  the  attached  coupon  and  mail  it  to  us  and  we  will 
,  send  you  our  fine  catalog,  spraying  guide,  and  will  tell  you 
,  _  how  you  can  get  a  sprayer  free.  Don’t  delay,  write  us  at 

once  for  our  free  eprayer  proposition  and  save  money. 

H.  L.  HURST  MFC.  CO,  284  North  St.,  Canton,  Ohio 


.  L.  HURST  MFO.  CO.,  234  North  St.,  Canton,  O.  00111)011 
Send  me  your  Catalog, Spraying  Guide  and  “special  liIlMrllll  — 
ler”  on  the  sprayer  marked  with  an  X  below.  uuul  ul' 

Fill  Out  and 
Sand  todaj 


H.  L.  HURST  MFG.  CO.,  2R4  North  St.,  Canton,  O. 
offer’ 

.Man-Power  Potato  and  Orchard  Sprayer. 
.Horse-Power  Potato  and  Orchard  Sprayer. 
.Fltz-All  Barrel  Sprayer. 

.4- Wheel  Orchard  Sprayer. 

NAME . 

ADDRESS . 


324 


March  11, 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER. 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes. 

Established  1850. 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  Street,  New  Vork. 

Herbert  W.  Oollingwood,  President  and  Editor, 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Hoyle,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR. 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  $2.04,  equal  to 
8s.  6d.,  or  S's  marks,  or  lO'u  francs.  Remit  in  money  order, 
express  order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  timi 
orders.  References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to 
us;  and  cr.sh  irust  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL.” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a 
responsible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any 
loss  to  paid  subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler 
advertising  in  ourcolumns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  ex¬ 
posed.  We  protect  subcribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee 
to  adjust  trifling  differences  between  subscribers  and  honest,  respon¬ 
sible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be  responsible  for  the  debts  of 
honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts.  Notice  of  the  complaint 
must  be  sent  to  us  w  ithin  one  month  of  the  time  of  the  transaction, 
and  you  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker  when 
writing  the  advertiser.  % 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

The  other  side  of  that  company  horse  deal  is  given 
on  page  328.  We  are  pleased  to  give  Mr.  Otto  a 
chance  to  tell  his  side  of  the  story.  We  also  have  the 
statement  of  one  who  for  some  years  acted  as  selling 
agent  for  these  horse  companies.  One  thing  is  sure — 
before  we  get  done  every  reader  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  will 
know  most  of  the  ins  and  outs  of  this  horse  business. 
If  they  then  want  to  buy  shares  in  horses  it  is  their 

privilege  to  do  so.  They  do  it  with  their  eyes  open. 

* 

In  the  New  York  Legislature  Assembly  bill  No.  279 
is  intended  to  amend  the  vinegar  law  so  that  farm- 
made  vinegar  containing  “two  per  centum  of  solids  and 
sufficient  alcohol  to  develop  the  required  amount  of 
acetic  acid”  shall  not  be  deemed  adulterated.  As 
originally  worded  the  amendment  contained  the  words 
“made  by  a  farmer.”  It  was  feared  that  this  might 
be  considered  “class  legislation”  and  hence  unconsti¬ 
tutional,  so  these  words  are  cut  out.  This  amendment 
ought  to  pass. 

* 

Plant  corn!  Plant  corn!  Plant  corn!  Every  year 
we  start  up  that  war  cry.  It  is  a  good  one  to  use. 
This  year  we  want  to  go  back  or  behind  of  the  plant¬ 
ing  and  advise  testing  the  seed.  Take  it  ear  by  ear  if 
possible,  shell  off  a  few  kernels  and  test  them  so  you 
can  identify  thfc  ear  by  the  way  the  kernels  grow.  You 
will  find  a  lot  of  dead  corn.  That  is  the  deadest  sort 
of  'dead  capital  for  your  cornfield.  In  all  these  prize 
yields  you  notice  they  had,  first  of  all,  a  full  stand, 
even  if  they  had  to  transplant.  It  may  make  a  differ¬ 
ence  of  20  per  cent  of  a  stand  to  test  out  the  dead 
ones  before  you  begin. 

* 

The  United  States  Senate  voted  54  to  33  in  favor  of 
popular  choice  of  United  States  Senators.  This  de¬ 
feated  the  proposed  amendment,  since  a  two-thirds 
vote  was  needed.  The  most  striking  thing  about  this 
vote  was  the  way  eastern  Senators  voted.  New  Eng¬ 
land  has  12  Senators;  10  of  them  voted  against  popu¬ 
lar  election — one  Senator  being  absent.  Both  Senators 
from  New  York  and  both  from  Pennsylvania  voted 
no.  In  view  of  their  record  not  one  of  these  men 
could  be  elected  by  popular  vote.  Here  in  New  York 
we  are  having  a  fine  illustration  of  the  way  Senators 
are  selected  to  serve  the  people  at  Washington!  The 
caucus  nominee  of  the  Democrats,  Mr.  Sheehan,  wants 
another  caucus  so  as  to  let  the  party  decide.  Let  him 
ask  to  leave  it  to  the  people  at  a  popular  primary.  He 
knows  better  than  to  do  that!  The  Republicans  are 
worse  off  than  the  Democrats  in  the  way  of  a  candi¬ 
date,  for  they  are  actually  voting  for  Senator  Cliaun- 
cey  M.  Depew.  He  is  thoroughly  discredited  already, 

while  Mr.  Sheehan  is  a  new  man  at  least. 

* 

Last  year  what  was  known  as  the  Lupton  bill  was 
introduced  into  the  New  York  Legislature.  The  ob¬ 
ject  of  this  bill  was  to  control  the  operations  of  com¬ 
mission  men  who  receive  and  sell  farm  produce.  These 
commission  men  were  to  be  licensed  and  were  also 
required  to  give  bonds  for  $10,000.  Their  business 
was  to  be  opened  for  inspection  and  the  bond  was  to 
protect  shippers  who  were  cheated  or  misused.  The 
bill  failed.  It  was  first  killed  in  a  committee.  Then 
when  amended  and  introduced  again  there  was  no  time 
to  discuss  it.  This  year  two  bills  have  been  introduced 
by  Mr.  Collin.  You  will  find  the  substance  of  them 
printed  on  page  329.  We  would  like  to  see  them 
both  passed,  but  frankly,  in  the  present  condition  of 
affairs  at  Albany,  it  does  not  seem  likely  that  they 
can  be  both  put  through.  We  advise  concentrating  our 


«THE  RURAL?  NEW-YORKER 

forces  back  of  No.  590.  We  are  more  likely  to  get 
this  one  and,  under  it,  the  Commissioner  of  Agricul¬ 
ture  can  get  for  us  just  the  information  we  need.  At 
Poughkeepsie  the  Eastern  New  York  Fruit  Growers 
resolved  to  pass  this  bill  and  will  make  a  demonstra¬ 
tion  at  Albany  favoring  it.  Let  all  farmers  fall  in 
and  help  pass  the  bill.  Write  at  once  to  your  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  Legislature  and  ask  them  to  support 
Assembly  bill  No.  590 ! 

* 

CANADIAN  “RECIPROCITY.” 

No.  4. 

We  could  fill  several  issues  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  with 
letters  from  farmers  who  discuss  “reciprocity.”  They 
are  practically  all  one  way.  Almost  without  exception 
free  traders  and  protectionists  unite  in  condemning 
this  so-called  trade  agreement.  On  January  1  a  very 
large  majority  of  our  farmers  were  in  favor  of  lower 
tariffs,  with  a  fair  chance  for  all.  They  now  see 
that  the  very  interests  which  they  have  made  strong 
are  willing  to  offer  up  the  rights  of  the  farmer  as 
a  sacrifice  to  keep  the  consumers  quiet.  That  is  a 
blunt  way  of  stating  it,  but  it  is  the  way  our  farmers 
feel,  and  aside  from  any  consideration  of  the  tariff 
this  awakening  over  “reciprocity”  is  the  most  hopeful 
thing  that  has  happened  to  farmers  in  many  years. 

It  has  come  like  a  shock,  but  it  shows  them  that 
they  will  be  mere  playthings  in  the  political  game 
just  so  long  as  they  do  the  political  drudgery  for 
any  party  which  is  dominated  by  corporation  lawyers 
and  “special  privilege.”  They  must  now  see  that 
they  never  can  be  free  until  they  have  the  power  to 
defend  their  rights. 

Should  the  proposed  “reciprocity”  go  through  as 
planned,  American  farm  history  will  repeat  itself. 
From  the  first  it  has  been  a  system  of  farm  robbery. 
The  settlers  on  the  Atlantic  coast  got  what  they  could 
from  the  soil  and  then  left  it,  going  west  for  stronger 
and  cheaper  land.  Shortly  after  the  Revolution  parts 
of  New  England  were  nearly  depopulated  when  Ohio 
was  opened.  Again  and  again  as  new  territory  was 
opened  the  Eastern  States  have  suffered  loss  of  value 
and  population  through  competition  from  free  land. 
All  this  has  led  to  the  most  wasteful  form  of  farm¬ 
ing.  Iowa  actually  lost  population  in  the  last  decade. 
Missouri  and  other  nearby  States  also  lost  in  their 
farm  or  rural  counties,  a  large  share  of  the  farm 
population  going  direct  to  western  Canada — taking 
their  money  with  them.  With  the  tariff  removed  on 
farm  products  the  trickling  stream  of  immigration 
away  from  this  country  will  swell  to  a  flood.  The 
man  in  Alberta  or  Saskatchewan  will  be  as  near  the 
wheat  or  cattle  market  as  he  who  lives  in  Iowa  or 
Kansas,  yet  the  former  can  find  land  at  $20  even 
superior  to  that  for  which  the  latter  must  pay  $150. 
Yet  with  free  trade  the  products  of  the  two  farms 
meet  on  equal  terms.  Again  the  Canadian  farmer 
finds  a  government  ready  to  lend  him  money  for  drain¬ 
age  or  to  build  railroads  and  storehouses  which  be¬ 
long  to  the  people.  The  American  farmer,  on  the 
other  hand,  must  pay  higher  rent  and  taxes  and  finds 
that  money,  transportation  and  storage  are  controlled 
by  monopolies ! 

Nor  will  the  consumers  in  town  and  city  be  better 
off.  Under  the  terms  of  “reciprocity”  while  grain  and 
meat  are  brought  in  free,  there  yet  remains  a  tariff 
on  the  forms  of  such  food  which  the  people  eat.  The 
monopoly  of  preparing  and  handling  such  food  will 
still  remain  and  that  monopoly  is  what  is  now  re¬ 
sponsible  for  the  high  cost  of  living.  For  some  years 
to  come  such  food  as  Canada  can  send  us  will  be 
used  like  a  club  through  the  scare  of  “free  trade”  to 
force  down  the  price  paid  the  American  farmer.  We 
all  know  what  happens  when  every  few  years  foreign 
potatoes  come  here  in  large  numbers.  These  imports 
may  not  be  two  per  cent  of  our  crop,  yet  the 
knowledge  that  they  are  coming  is  so  manipulated  that 
wholesale  prices  fall,  while  retail  prices  are  not  cut. 
Under  our  present  system  of  distribution,  and  handling 
“reciprocity”  will  simply  give  the  middlemen  a  better 
chance  to  play  both  ends  of  the  game.  We  believe 
that  the  farmers  of  this  country  are  ready  for  a  fair 
revision  of  the  tariff.  But  for  this  attempt  to  rob 
them  they  would  probably  have  been  willing  to  let 
their  so-called  “leaders”  go  ahead  and  revise  it.  Now 
we  rejoice  to  say  they  will  do  their  best  to  halter 
these  leaders  and  tie  them  right  up  to  the  rack.  Let 

us  next  see  how  they  can  do  it. 

* 

As  our  readers  know,  the  railroads  have  been  trying 
to  increase  their  rates  for  carrying  freight.  They 
argued  that  greater  income  was  needed  in  order  to  pay 
expenses,  make  needed  improvements,  raise  wages  and 
pay  fair  income  on  their  stocks  and  bonds.  A  few 
years  ago  the  railroads  could  have  gone  ahead',  put  up 
rates  to  suit  themselves  and  held  up  the  people  until 
through  a  slow  and  long-drawn-out  process  the  courts 
decided  whether  these  rates  are  just  or  not.  Last  year 


Congress  passed  a  new  law  giving  the  Interstate  Com¬ 
merce  Commission  new  powers.  Now  the  railroads 
cannot  enforce  higher  rates  until  the  Commission 
overhauls  them  and  decides  whether  such  increase  is 
fair.  As  soon  as  this  law  passed  the  railroads  jumped 
up  their  rates,  and  a  fierce  argument  has  been  going 
on  as  to  whether  such  increase  was  necessary  to  the 
railroads  or  fair  to  the  public.  The  Commission  has 
just  decided  against  the  railroads.  There  will  be  no 
increase— we  think  on  the  other  hand  there  will  be  a 
cut  in  some  of  the  rates  now  enforced.  This  action 
cuts  off  $60,000,000  in  revenue  which  the  railroads 
wanted — but  saves  all  of  it  to  the  shippers.  During 
the  investigation  the  Commission  overhauled  the  prices 
paid  for  stocks  and  bonds  of  all  the  railroads,  and 
what  these  securities  represented  in  true  value.  In 
view  of  the  facts  thus  obtained  we  have  little  thought 
that  the  railroads  will  try  to  appeal  from  this  decision ! 
This  outcome  is  another  argument  for  a  fair  tariff 
commission,  for  which  we  have  argued  for  years. 
Such  a  commission  would  never  have  favored  the 
one-sided  agreement  with  Canada  which  President 
Taft  calls  “reciprocity.”  This  railroad  decision  is  the 
most  hopeful  thing  in  railroad  transportation  that  this 
country  has  seen  in  years. 

* 

Gov.  Baldwin,  of  Connecticut,  is  proving  himself  as 
sound  and  well  flavored  as  New  England’s  favorite 
apple.  He  bids  fair  to  prove  the  best  Governor  Con¬ 
necticut  has  had  since  early  war  times.  Last  week  he 
nominated  our  old  friend  J.  H.  Hale  for  Railroad 
Commissioner.  In  asking  Mr.  Hale  to  accept,  the 
Governor  said : 

7  desire  to  put  a  Republican  on  the  board  who  is  a 
man  of  energy,  independence  and  good  judgment,  not 
a  place  hunter,  but  one  zvho  has  made  good  in  his  own 
affairs!” 

Sail  in  and  find  us  a  better  description  of  the  type 
of  men  needed'  to  fill  public  office.  When  you  get 
tired  of  hunting  for  it  take  a  rest  and  then  find  a  man 
who  sizes  up  to  it  better  than  J.  H.  Hale  does!  Hale- 
represents  the  soil  and  the  best  that  grows  in  it,  and 
it  is  like  going  back  to  the  days  when  New  England 
was  a  nation-maker  to  select  farm-raised  boys  for 
public  office. 

* 

We  have  waited  patiently  for  some  intimation  from 
Mr.  H.  C.  C.  Taylor  that  those  Guernsey  cows  will  be 
retested.  We  have  seen  nothing  on  the  subject  ex¬ 
cept  the  following  from  the  New  England  Homestead: 

The  suggestion  that  Missy  of  the  Glen  be  required  to 
duplicate  the  record  is  hardly  fair  to  Mr.  Taylor.  Breed¬ 
ers  well  know  that  in  establishing  these  high  records 
animals  are  driven  almost  to  the  breaking  point.  Their 
permanent  welfare  is  practically  forfeited  for  the  tem¬ 
porary  gain.  Missy  of  the  Glen  may  be  able  to  “come 
back”  and  she  may  not.  The  question  of  accuracy  of  the 
first  record  should  not  depend  upon  that  condition.  *  If 
Mr.  Taylor  was  able  to  breed  an  animal  of  so  high  merit, 
he  should  be  able  to  duplicate  the  effort.  Look  to  the 
man  and  not  this  particular  animal  for  future  vindica¬ 
tion.  The  dairy  world  will  watch,  with  interest  the  future 
records  of  this  herd.  They  are  likely  to  be  good  ones,  as 
Mr.  Taylor,  i*f  not  Missy  of  the  Glen,  will  be  likely  to 
“come  back.” 

We  certainly  hope  he  will,  but  a  record  made  in 
the  future  by  some  calf  now  in  Mr.  Taylor’s  barn  will 
not  wash  away  the  brand  made  by  the  Supreme  Court 
injunction.  It  is  claimed  that  Missy  of  the  Glen 
gave  milk  containing  nearly  nine  per  cent  of  butter 
fat  with  less  than  18  per  cent  solids.  Her  claimed 
record  is  based  upon  such  abnormal  milk.  Now 
granting  that  the  cow  cannot  “come  back”  and  again 
give  14,591  pounds  of  milk  in  a  year,  can  she  give  one 
pound  or  10  pound  or  100  pounds  which  will  show  nine 
per  cent  of  fat?  That  would  be  good  evidence.  We 
suggest  that  Mr.  Taylor  have  the  cow  fed  in  any  way 
he  likes — then  turn  her  over  to  reliable  dairymen  and 
let  them  milk  her  and  sample  the  milk.  We  do  not 
understand  that  the  amount  of  milk  is  questioned.  The 
quality  is  questioned,  and  if  Missy  does  not  feel  like 
“coming  back”  the  entire  distance  let  her  stand  where 
she  is  and  give  up  some  of  that  nine  per  cent  milk ! 


BREVITIES. 

“Our  billion  dollar  industry”  is  the  way  the  hen  men 
talk. 

Next  week  we  shall  show  how  interest  in  playing  check¬ 
ers  led  to  a  model  farmers’  institute. 

The  simplest  rule  for  fattening  stock  appears  to  be: 
“Keep  the  system  open  and  feed  eornmeal.” 

Next  week  you  will  find  full  and  detailed  information 
about  sowing  and  feeding  rape  as  hog  and  sheep  pas¬ 
ture.  It  is  well  worth  “the  price  of  a  year's  subscription.” 

Bear  this  in  mind.  In  the  Spring  after  a  wet  Winter 
the  soil  is  like  a  bottle  containing  a  good  supply  of  water. 
The  thing  to  do  is  to  keep  that  water  bottled  up.  This  we 
can  do  by  keeping  the  surface  soil  stirred  up  and  thus 
prevent  evaporation. 

We  often  hear  of  men  going  about  on  “traveling  insti¬ 
tutes,”  or  institutes  on  wheels.  It  is  new  to  send  a 
cow  along  as  an  institute  speaker,  yet  the  cow  Missouri 
Chief  Josephine,  from  the  Missouri  Agricultural  College, 
will  be  carried  on  a  special  train  so  that  people  may  see 
what  a  champion  looks  like. 


1911. 


•THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


32  Q 


Guarantee  7*7^7' 

of  the  running  gear  to  be  made 
of  triple  A  grade  Straight 
^  Grained  Split  Hickory — the  / 
\  same  grade  exactly  as  /■& 
]  this  spoke  which  I  send  // 
|#\  unpainted  as  a  sample  // 
of  the  material  used  // 
IgSijk  with  every  Buggy  / / 
SlftiA  I  ship.  // 


?helps  Wants  To  Send  You 

His  Big  Buggy  Book 


T’S  HIS  Style  Book  of 
Split  Hickory  Vehicles 
for  1 9 1 1 — fresh  from  the 
printer.  Phelps  is  a  practical 
Buggy  designer  and  manufac¬ 
turer — he  writes  these  books  every 
year  himself — and  he  says  this  1911 
Book  is  the  best  one  he’s  ever  written. 

In  it  he’s  worked  out  a  new  plan  of  displaying 
and  illustrating  many  of  the  important  and  exclu¬ 
sive  features  found  only  on  Split  Hickory  Vehicles. 

In  this  Book  for  1911  he  takes  one  of  his 
Vehicles  and  tears  it  all  to  pieces  in  a  lot  of 
photographs,  showing  you,  together  with  full 
descriptions — all  about  every  part  of  a  buggy — 
how  it  should  be  made — what  it  should  be  made 
of — and  Phelps  knows. 

Phelps  tells  you  in  his  Book  just  why  it  is 
Important  that  you  get  such  wheels  on  the  rig 
you  purchase  as  he  guarantees  to  put  on  his  Split 
Hickory  Buggies  for  1911 — which  are  made  of 
triple  A  grade  straight  grained  Hickory — a  grade 
found  on  no  “stock”  buggy. 

See  that  Split  Hickory  spoke  Phelps  holds  in  his  hand? 
It’s  a  sample  spoke  (unpainted)  that  he  sends  with  every 
buggy  he  sells — and  he  guarantees  every  wheel  to  be  made 
of  the  same  straight  grained  second  growth  Shellbark 
Hickory  as  the  sample  spoke. 

This  same  grade  of  material  he  also  guarantees  to  use 
in  the  construction  of  all  running  gears  and  other  wood¬ 
work  on  his  celebrated  Split  Hickory  Vehicles. 


FREE 

and  He  Pays  the  Postage 

This  Book  is  The  Big  Show  Room 
of  All  Stales  of  Vehicle  for  1911 


2522  to  *7522  Saved 


Or  No 
Sale 


According  To  The  Style  Of  Vehicle  You  Buy 


Manufacturer  of  Trade-Marked 
Split  Hickory  Vehicles 


30  Days’  Free  Road  Test — 2  Years’  Guarantee 
—and — the  Highest  Grade  That’s  Made 


— that’s  Phelps’  Selling  Slogan  for  1911. 

Phelps  is  the  largest  manufacturer  in  the  world  manu¬ 
facturing  Vehicles  sold  direct  from  factory.  He  has  sold  over 
125,000  Split  Hickory  Vehicles  to  people  all  over  the  country 
who  have  read  his  advertisements — as  you  are  doing  now. 

This  1911  Book  of  his  is  the  greatest  Vehicle  Show  Room  in 
the  world — displaying,  for  your  choice,  over  125  styles  of  a  great 
variety  of  Auto  Seat  Buggies — Runabouts — Surreys — Carriages — Phaetons 
— Spring  Wagons — and  don’t  forget — a  full  line  of  high  grade  Harness. 
This  Book  contains  a  greater  variety  of  Vehicles  than  you  could  find  in  ten 
large  towns  or  in  25  dealers’  stores — and  Phelps  makes  them  all 
to  order — and  sells  them  direct  to  you  from  factory — at  a  splendid 
saving  in  price. 

From  Phelps  you  can  get  what  you  want — when  you  want 
it — not  what  some  dealer  happens  to  have  in  stock — and 
you  can  have  many  choices  in  style,  finish,  upholstering, 
trimming,  etc.  Don’t  you  want  this  Big  Display  Book  of 
Buggy  Styles?  Isn’t  it  worth  a  postal  to  have  this  Book  in 
your  home  for  reference?  Phelps  wants  you  to  have  it 
• — FREE — and  he  pays  the  postage.  Just  write  him  a 
note  or  a  postal — say — “Phelps,  I’d  like  the  book.” 

He  will  do  the  rest.  Address 


H.  C.  PHELPS,  President 

The  Ohio  Carriage  Mfg. 

The  Largest  Buggy  Factory  in  the  World  Selling  Direct  to  Consumer 

Station  290,  Columbus,  Ohio 


Don  *t 
You 
Want  a 
30 -Day 
Free 
Road 
Test  of 
this  Auto 
Seat 
Buggy 


326 


THE  RURAL 


NEW-YORKER 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

SEED  TIME  AND  HARVEST. 

As  o’er  his  furrowed  fields  which  lie 
Beneath  a  coldly-dropping  sky, 

Yet  chill  with  Winter’s  melted  snow, 

The  husbandman  goes  forth  to  sow. 

Thus,  Freedom,  on  the  bitter  blast 
The  ventures  of  thy  seed  we  cast. 

And  trust  to  warmer  sun  and  rain 
To  swell  the  germs  and  fill  the  grain. 

Who  calls  thy  glorious  service  hard? 
Who  deems  it  not  its  own  reward? 

Who,  for  its  trials,  counts  it  less 
A  cause  of  praise  and  thankfulness? 

It  may  not  be  our  lot  to  wield 
The  sickle  in  the  ripened  field ; 

Nor  ours  to  hear,  on  Summer  eves, 

The  reaper's  song  among  the  sheaves. 

Yet  where  our  duty's  task  is  wrought 
In  unison  with  God’s  great  thought, 

The  near  and  future  blend  in  one, 

And  whatsoe’er  is  willed,  is  done ! 

And  ours  the  grateful  service  whence 
Came,  day  by  day,  the  recompense ; 

The  hope,  the  trust,  the  purpose  stayed, 
The  fountain  and  the  noonday  shade. 

And  were  this  life  the  utmost  span, 

The  only  end  and  aim  of  man, 

Better  the  toil  of  fields  like  these 
Than  waking  dream  and  slothful  ease. 

But  life,  though  falling  like  our  grain, 
Like  that  revives  and  springs  again ; 
And,  early  called,  how  blest  are  they 
Who  wait  in  heaven  their  harvest-day. 

— J.  G.  Whittier. 

* 

As  a  pleasant  little  dainty,  coat  stoned 
raisins  or  small  stoned  dates  in  sweet 
chocolate,  melting  the  chocolate  in  a 
dish  over  boiling  water.  Dip  the  fruit, 
hold  it  for  a  moment  to  drip,  and  then 
put  in  a  cold  place  to  harden. 

* 

Some  very  pretty  bureau  covers  are 
made  of  flowered  cretonne  veiled  with 
cotton  net,  the  veiling  giving  a  soft  Dres¬ 
den  effect  to  the  cretonne.  The  cover 
should  be  the  size  to  lie  flat,  and  may 
be  edged  with  a  beading  heading  Cluny 
lace,  or  finished  with  a  cotton  gimp 

matching  it  in  color. 

* 

Among  sweet  sandwiches  served  at  an 
afternoon  tea  was  extremely  thin  bread 
and  butter,  sprinkled  with  grated  maple 
sugar,  and  then  pressed  together  into 
sandwiches.  Another  filling  is  honey  and 
butter  blended  together  and  spread  be¬ 
tween  Boston  brown  bread,  or  white 
bread  spread  with  honey  and  thick 
whipped  cream.  These  are  all  nice  sand¬ 
wiches  for  a  children’s  party. 

* 

Little  Mrs.  Bride  had  almost  every¬ 
thing  to  learn  about  housekeeping,  says 
the  Youth’s  Companion,  but  she  was  so 
enthusiastic  in  her  interest  that  every 
one  was  glad  to  help  her. 

“I  have  some  particularly  fine  aspar¬ 
agus,”  the  marketman  told  her  one  day, 
and  he  displayed  a  bunch  for  her  admir¬ 
ation.  “Picked  not  three  hours  ago,”  he 
added. 

Mrs.  Bride  looked  at  it  with  unaffected 
amazement. 

“Does  it  grow  like  that?”  she  asked.  “I 
always  supposed  the  cook  braided  the 
ends  of  it.” 

* 

Among  the  new  belts  we  note  Empire 
girdles  which  are  worn  as  a.  finish  to 
the  high-waisted  Empire  gowns.  They 
are  ropes  of  twisted  beads,  ending  in  a 
long  tassel,  and  are  worn  loosely  about 
the  high  waist,  with  pendent  ends.  Other 
elaborate  belts  are  of  metal  brocade,  gold, 
silver  or  steel,  about  six  inches  wide, 
drawn  into  a  handsome  buckle.  We 
also  see  most  gorgeous  hand  bags  of 
gold  brocade,  which  are  flat,  about  12 
to  14  inches  long  and  seven  or  eight 
inches  deep,  edged  all  around  with  gimp, 
and  finished  with  a  handle  of  gilt  rib¬ 
bon,  fastened  on  with  flat  rosettes. 
Gorgeous  hand  bags  are  made  to  match 
the  costume  also.  The  plain  Empire 
bags  of  velvet,  gathered  with  a  long 
cord  finished  with  tassels,  are  simple 
and  pretty,  and  very  nice  to  hold  hand¬ 
kerchief  and  small  change  on  any  occa¬ 
sion  when  a  leather  shopping  bag  seems 


out  of  place.  Similar  bags  of  white 
linen,  either  plain  or  decorated  with 
braiding  or  embroidery,  are  sure  to  be 
in  vogue  with  Summer  gowns,  for  a 
white  or  light-colored  dress  is  quickly 
soiled  by  a  colored  bag  rubbing  against 
it. 

* 

KHAKi-colored  galatea  at  12l/2  cents  a 
yard  is  very  nice  for  children’s  every¬ 
day  clothes,  as  it  is  not  so  heavy  as 
real  khaki  cloth,  while  of  the  same  soil- 
resisting  color.  Little  one-piece  dresses 
with  bloomers  to  match  will  be  admir¬ 
able  for  small  girls,  and  save  much 
washing,  while  Russian  or  sailor  suits 
of  galatea  are  always  good  for  boys’ 
Summer  wear.  The  girls’  khaki  dresses 
may  have  a  piping  of  fast  color,  red  or 
blue  if  desired.  Linen-finished  cotton  suit¬ 
ing  and  canvas-finished  madras  in 
khaki  color  are  10  cents  a  yard;  they 
would  probably  shrink  a  little  in  the  first 
washing,  but  suggest  themselves  as  very 
practical  for  working  or  morning  dresses 
where  a  woman  must  go  in  and  out  from 
house  to  garden  or  henyard.  They  are 
not  quite  as  heavy  as  the  galatea. 

* 

A  number  of  prominent  English  phy¬ 
sicians,  including  Sir  Alfred  Fripp,  Sur¬ 
geon  in  Ordinary  to  King  George,  have 
issued  jointly  a  signed  statement  ex¬ 
pressing  the  opinion  that  there  is  a  na¬ 
tional  necessity  that  a  standard  be  fixed 
for  nutritive  value  of  what  is  sold  as 
bread,  the  same  as  is  already  established 
for  milk.  The  standardization  of 
bread,  however,  is  the  more  important 
as  it  forms  about  two-fifths  of  the  weight 
of  the  food  of  the  working  classes.  The 
signers  said :  “In  view  of  the  inferior 
nourishing  qualities  of  the  white  bread 
commonly  sold  we  urge  legislation  mak¬ 
ing  it  compulsory  that  all  bread  sold  as 
such  should  be  made  of  unadulterated 
wheat  flour,  containing  at  least  eight  per 
cent  of  whole  wheat,  including  the  germ 
and  semolina.” 


Care  of  Soapstone  Griddle. 

I  read  an  inquiry  about  care  of  soap¬ 
stone  griddles,  on  page  170.  I  had  the 
same  trouble  myself  with  soapstone  grid¬ 
dle,  tried  rubbing  salt  on,  which  gave  no 
results;  but  after  trying  everything  I 
had  heard  of  I  decided  to  try  washing  it 
in  the  dish  water  after  washing  break¬ 
fast  dishes — and  found  it  all  right.  I 
have  had  no  trouble  since  I  adopted  that 
plan.  Of  course  the  proper  heating  of 
the  griddle  is  essential.  mrs.  j.  t.  d. 

Crullers. 

Will  some  one  give  me  a  recipe  for  mak¬ 
ing  good  crullers?  t.  j.  k. 

On  page  170  is  a  recipe  for  doughnuts 
which  may  meet  the  needs  of  the  in¬ 
quirer,  for  we  confess  that  we  do  not 
know  just  where  the  dividing  line  be¬ 
tween  doughnuts  and  crullers  begins,  ex¬ 
cept  that  doughnuts  are  cut  in  rings, 
while  crullers  are  twisted  into  odd 
shapes.  The  following  is  a  good  recipe 
for  plain  crullers :  One  tablespoonful  of 
melted  butter,  two  heaping  tablespoon¬ 
fuls  sugar,'  one  egg,  yolk  and  white 
beaten  separately;  y2  saltspoonful  cin¬ 
namon  or  mace,  y2  saltspoonful  salt; 
flour  enough  to  roll  out.  Roll,  cut  into 
strips,  and  twist  up ;  fry  in  boiling  fat. 

Crullers  are  especially  good  if  fried  in 
olive  oil,  the  oil  being  used  in  making 
them  instead  of  butter.  To  y2  cup  of 
sugar  add  two  tablespoonfuls  of  oil,  two 
beaten  eggs,  J4  teaspoonful  of  salt,  %. 
teaspoonful  of  cinnamon  and  a  little  nut¬ 
meg;  add  two  cups  of  flour  sifted  with 
two  teaspoonfuls  of  baking  powder,  al¬ 
ternately  with  54  CUP  of  milk.  Roll  out, 
cut  and  fry  as  usual.  In  frying  them 
let  the  oil  get  just  hot  enough  to  smoke. 

Crullers,  Chocolate. — Two  eggs  beaten 
until  they  are  creamy  and  then  beaten 
into  one  cupful  sugar,  adding  one  table¬ 
spoonful  melted  butter,  y2  teaspoonful 
each  of  salt  and  cinnamon,  one  square 
grated  chocolate.  Mix  well  and  then  add 
one  cupful  sweet  milk,  three  cupfuls  of 
flour  sifted  with  two  teaspoonfuls  baking 
powder.  Roll  out  54  inch  thick,  cut, 
cook  to  a  golden  brown  in  smoking  hot 
fat.  Roll  in  powdered  sugar  when  cool. 


’  Molasses  Vinegar. 

In  an  issue  of  your  paper  for  the  year 
1909  there  was  a  recipe  for  making  vinegar 
from  molasses,  signed  by  S.  E.  P.  M.  Will 
you  republish  the  recipe,  as  I  have  lost  it? 

G.  W.  J. 

One  quart  baker’s  yeast;  one  quart 
sugar;  one  quart  New  Orleans  molasses. 
Stir  thoroughly  and  add  nine  quarts  soft 
cold  water.  Stir  well,  and  put  into  a 
stoneware  or  glass  vessel ;  tie  a  thin 
cloth  over  the  mouth ;  do  not  cork ;  stand 
in  a  warm  (not  hot)  place.  In  three 
weeks  fermentation  will  be  complete,  all 
impurities  settling  to  the  bottom,  when 
it  should  be  poured  off  carefully  into  a 
clean  vessel.  By  “baker’s”  yeast  is 
meant  the  mild  pleasant-tasting  fermen- 
tive  used  by  all  bakers  in  the  making 
of  bread  before  the  existence  of  com¬ 
pressed  yeast,  and  yet  used  by  the  frugal 
housewife  living  far  from  compressed 
yeast.  If  compressed  yeast  is  used, 
break  a  cake  into  small  pieces,  put  it 
into  a  vessel  and  pour  over  it  a  small 
cupful  of  lukewarm  water  and  let  stand 

until  entirely  dissolved,  stirring  occa¬ 
sionally.  At  the  same  time  put  into  a 
vessel  that  will  contain  about  two  gallons 
a  pint  of  flour  and  pour  upon  it  about  a 
quart  (not  more)  of  scalding  water. 
Pour  slowly  and  stir  vigorously  all  the 
time  until  all  lumps  have  disappeared, 
then  beat  well  and  let  stand  until  cool. 
Now  add  the  dissolved  yeast  cake,  and  a 
teaspoonful  of  salt,  beat  well,  cover  with 
a  cloth  and  stand  in  a  warm  place.  Let 
it  rise  24  hours,  stirring  down  in  the 
meantime  a  half  d(5zen  or  more  times. 
By  this  time  it  will  have  done  rising,  and 
you  can  proceed  to  make  your  vinegar, 
using  the  measurements  already  given. 
This  vinegar  is  recommended  as  excel¬ 
lent  in  flavor. 


Popovers. 

I  see  that  A.  E.  F.  has  trouble  with 
popovers  being  too  moist  in  the  middle. 
I  have  good  success  with  them,  without 
eggs ;  use  soda  and  cream  of  tartar  or 
baking  powder  according  to  the  amount 
of  flour  used,  then  mix  stiff  with  good 
sweet  cream,  not  too  rich,  a  little  salt. 
Bake  in  a  hot  oven,  in  gem  pans. 

c.  B. 


March  11, 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  20. 

ASK  FOR 


PRINTS 


The  reward  of  hard 
work  and  valuable  time 
at  dress-making  should 
be  an  enduring  gown. 

Simpson-Eddystone 

Silver  Grey  Prints 

• 

are  durable  tub  proof  calicoes 
that  stand  the  rub  because  of 
their  well-woven  cotton  cloth 
and  deeply -dyed  fast  color. 
Their  tasteful  designs  add  to 
the  value  of  these  prints  that 
have  been  the  standard  since 
1842. 

I  Show  this  advertisement  to  your 
Idealer  when  you  order,  and  don’t 
laccept  substitutes.  If  not  in  your 
■  dealer's  stock  write  us  his  name  and 
laddress.  We’ll  help  him  supply 
lyou. 

(The  Eddystone  Mfg.  Co.,  Philad’a 


|  Founded  1842  by  Wm. Simpson  Sr. 


TAPESTRY  RUG, 
WOOL,  9x12  ft., 

Art  Squares— 9  x  12 
ft.,  *3.25  up.  Fine 
Smyrna  Rugs— 9  x, 

12  ft.,  *6.98.  Mat¬ 
ting  —  from  13c  a  yard 
up.  Oil  Cloth  —  24c  a 
yard  up.  Linoleum — 41c 
a  sq.  yard  and  up.  Brus¬ 
sels  Carpets — 40c  a  yard 
up. 


$7.48 

Just  think!  Floor 
coverings  as  fine 
as  can  be  made- 
beautiful,  long  last- 
ig,  guaranteed,  with 
bright,  fadeless  colors— 
at  regular  manufactur¬ 
er’s  prices,  one-third  to 
one-half  less  than  retail! 
We  buy  in  big  lots.  You 
know  that  saves  money. 


Roxborou|fi  Rugs 


Just  as  big  bargains  in 
Body  Brussels,  Axmin- 
sters,  Velvets,  Ingrains, 
Wiltons,  Rag  Carpets, 
Carpet  Linings,  Cocoa 
Mats  and  Lace  Curtains. 
Talk  about  handsome 
patterns!  We  have 
them  for  parlor, 
bedroom,  dining 
room  and  kitchen. 

R0XB0R0UGH  RUG  CO 


Get  a  postal  right  now, 
and  write  for  our  hand¬ 
some  illustrated  cata¬ 
logue.  It  tells  all  about 
each  article  and  gives 
you  the  exact  low  price. 
Don’t  put  off  writing! 
You  won't  have  to  buy 
unless  you  want  to,  but 
by  all  means  send  for 
the  catalogue,  and  see 
the  low  prices. 

.,  Dept.  377 ,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


wr.*»  'v.v,p-< 


Wise  foresight  should 
lead  you  to  keep  in  the 
cupboard  a  half  dozen  or 
more  handy  packages  of 

Uneeda  Biscuit 

They  won’t  get  broken,  musty, 
soiled  or  soggy  like  ordinary 
soda  crackers  because  their 
crisp,  clean  freshness  is 
protected  by  the 
moisture  -  proof 
and  dust- tight 
package. 


Never  Sold 
in  Bulk 


:  :  r;  •  •*•••:  s*  J*v**.i  *i:  •• 


f^lrj^mpisture^proaf% 
package 

?*•:*:*£*•• • : ,'•*•  *•*:  *•:  •*:£ : F • ;  * ••*•.*•**•.**•' •' • • ‘/•Vy ’•••:  *;  v 

NATIONAL BRKUrrfcOMPANYl 

VrYffl^ 


.'.‘.'.'.M.IlDiJ., 


1911. 


THS  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


327 


The  Rural  Patterns. 


W hen  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  pattern  and  measurement  de¬ 
sired. 

The  first  group  includes  6925,  fancy- 
coat  for  misses  ^and  small  women,  14, 
16  and  18  years,  4  yards  of  material  27 
inches  wide,  254  yards  44  or  2*4  yards  52 
for  16  year  size.  6938,  fancy  blouse, 
with  three-quarter,  full  or  long  plain 


under  sleeves  34  to  42  bust,  2/z  yards  of 
material  27  inches  wide,  1§4  yards  36, 
1/4  yards  44,  J4  yard  18  for  collar  and 
cuffs  1  yard  18  for  yoke  and  full  under 
sleeves,  for  medium  size.  6922,  work 
apron,  small  34  or  36,  medium  38  or  40, 
large  42  or  44,  5  yards  of  material  27 
inches  wide,  354  yards  36,  354  yards  of 
banding  for  mediuiy  size.  6918,  boys’ 
Russian  blouse,  6  to  12  years,  3  yards  of 
material  27  inches  wide,  2  yards  36-  or 
44  for  10  year  size.  6916,  square  or 
round  sweeping  caps  with  half  sleeves, 
one  size;  ij4  yards  of  material  27  inches 
wide,  1%  yard  36,  for  round  cap  with 
half  sleeves,  54  yard  27,  54  yard  36  for 
half  sleeves,  1  handkerchief  18  inches 
square,  3  yards  of  ribbon  for  square  cap. 

The  second  group  shows  6912,  single 
breasted  coat,  34  to  42  bust,  454  yards  of 


material  27  inches  wide,  254  yards  44,  2 
yards  52,  54  yard  velvet  for  medium  size. 
6911,  plain  shirt  waist,  34  to  46  bust,  3*4 
yards  of  material  27  inches  wide,  2  yards 
36,  154  yard  44,  for  medium  size.  6518, 
misses’  shirred  dress,  14  and  16  years, 
1054  yards  of  material  21  inches  wide, 
654  yards  32  or  4 54  yards  44  inch  wide 
with  6  yards  of  banding,  54  yard  of  all- 
over  lace,  for  the  16  year  size.  6827, 
straight  gathered  skirt  for  misses  and 
small  women,  14,  16  and  18  years,  354 
yards  of  material  27  or  36  inches  wide, 
254  yards  44,  with  1  yard  of  contrasting 
material  27  inches  wide,  for  16  year  size. 
6909,  one-piece  blouse  for  misses  and 
small  women,  14,  16  and  18  years,  1§4 
yards  of  material  27  inches  wide,  1*4 
yards  36  or  44  inch,  54  yard  20  inch 
wide  for  trimming,  for  16  year  size. 
Price  of  each  pattern  10  cents. 


Lenten  Dishes. 

Spaghetti  Croquettes. — Break  a  quarter 
of  a  pound  of  spaghetti  into  inch  lengths, 
cook  in  boiling  salt  water,  drain,  lay  in 
cold  water  until  chilled,  then  drain  again 
in  a  colander.  Cook  together  two  table¬ 
spoonfuls  of  butter  and  flour,  and  when 
they  are  blended  add  a  cupful  of  milk. 
When  you  have  a  smooth  sauce  stir  into 
it  the  cold  spaghetti,  a  pinch  of  salt, 
two  tablespoonfuls  of  American  cheese 
(grated)  and  a  beaten  egg.  Remove 
at  once  from  the  fire,  set  the  mixture 
to  cool  and  harden.  With  floured  hands 
form  the  paste  into  round  balls,  roll  in 
beaten  egg,  then  in  fine  bread  crumbs, 
and  set  in  a  cool  place  for  two  hours 
before  frying. 

Mock  Duck. — Soak  a  pint  of  hominy 
grits  in  a  quart  of  cold  water  over 
night  in  the  top  of  double  boiler;  the 


next  morning  place  over  water  and  cook 
till  tender  and  of  the  consistency  of 
rather  thick  mush.  Arrange  some  of 
this  on  a  buttered  baking  pan  in  the 
form  of  a  duck  and  about  an  inch  thick; 
take  three  cups  of  mixed  nuts,  put 
through  chopper  and  mix  into  a  dressing 
with  chopped  hard  boiled  egg,  minced 
parsley  and  a  little  butter;  arrange  in 
an  oval  mound  on  the  hominy;  baste  over 
with  melted  butter  and  beaten  egg  and 
bake  in  moderate  oven  for  an  hour, 
basting  with  butter  and  a  little  water. 
Transfer  to  a  hot  dish  and  make  a  cream 
sauce  with  the  drippings  in  pan. 

Custard  Potatoes. — Boil  one  quart  of 
sliced  potatoes  in  salted  water  with  a 
large  sprig  of  parsley.  The  water  should 
be  nearly  evaporated  when  the  potatoes 
are  done.  Do  not  cook  so  long  that 
the  slices  lose  their  shape.  Add  about 
one  pint  of  milk  to  cover.  When  hot, 
add  one  beaten  egg  mixed  with  a  little 
cold  milk.  Let  boil  up  once,  then  add 


pepper  and  butter,  remove  the  parsley 
and  serve. 

Sweet  Cream  Cookies. — Five  cups  of 
flour,  one  heaping  teaspoonful  of  soda, 
two  heaping  teaspoonfuls  of  cream  of 
tartar,  one  teaspoon ful  of  salt.  Sift  all 
together -and  stir  thoroughly.  Into  the 
mixing  bowl  put  two  cups  of  sugar  and 
two  cups  of  thick  sweet  cream,  stir  to¬ 
gether  and  add  half  of  the  prepared  flour. 
Then  add  the  yolks  of  three  eggs  and 
the  white  of  one,  well  beaten ;  flavor 
with  vanilla,  and  add  enough  more  of 
the  prepared  flour  to  roll  softly;  hake 
in  a  quick  oven.  MRS.  c.  E.  w. 


Painting  a  Rogers  Group. 

A  coat  of  gray  paint  of  whatever 
shade  one  desires  will  nicely  renovate 
the  “Rogers  group,”  the  information  for 
which  Mrs.  D.  A.  P.  asks.  I  painted  one 
over  about  10  years  ago,  and  it  still  looks 
fine,  as  the  dust  can  be  removed  with  a 
damp  cloth.  e.  k.  h. 


There  is  a  lot  of  money  spent  in  every  family  in 
“dribs  and  drabs”  which  amounts  to  a  very  tidy  sum  at 
the  end  of  the  year,  but  for  which  there  is  usually  very 
little  to  show. 

Take  your  own  “butter  and  egg”  money  for  instance. 
You  spend  it  for  little  comforts  and  necessities,  but  it 
is  usually  not  enough  to  buy  really  big  things.  It 
seems  so  small  we  call  it  “chicken-feed.” 

Take  the  pin  money  of  the  city  woman.  She,  too, 
spends  it  for  just  little  things — it  goes  for  this  and  that, 
leaving  behind  scarcely  a  trace  of  what  it  bought— 
that’s  why  we  call  it  “chicken-feed.” 

Our  purpose  in  this  advertisement  is  to  tell  you 
how  the  trifling  pin  money  and  the  despised  “chicken- 
feed”  can  be  made  to  buy  really  big  things. 

Now,  by  spending  it  right,  it  will  purchase  many  a 
useful  and  longed-for  article  that  you  have  wanted  for 
years.  We  will  show  you  how  to  turn  your  spare  pen¬ 
nies  into  home  comforts — how  to  make  the  “chicken- 
feed”  furnish  your  home. 


Send  for  Our  FREE  Home-Lovers’  Bargain  Book 
Picturing  3,000  Bargains  for  the  Home  • 


Bargains  in  Furniture,  Carpets,  Rugs,  Draperies,  Stoves  and  Ranges,  Pianos,  Silverware,  China- 
ware,  Graphophones,  Washing  Machines,  Sewing  Machines,  Lamps  and  Clocks,  etc. 

Our  whole  business  is  to  buy  and  sell  bargains  in  Housefurnishings.  We  go  to  manufacturers  when  they  must  unload  and  take 
surplus  stock  off  their  bands._  We  buy  goods  only  when  we  are  able  to  buy  away  below  the  regular  cost. 

We  have  a  combined  capital  of  $7,000,000,  and  we  never  have  less  than  a  million  dollars  ready  for  makers  who  must  have  money. 
We  are  everywhere  known  as  the  largest  concern  in  our  line— every  maker  of  housefurnishings  who  must  sacrifice  any  first  duality 
stock  knows  that  he  can  sell  it  to  us.  No  surplus  stock  is  too  large  for  us  to  handle,  for  our  customers  are  numbered  by  the  hun¬ 
dreds  ot  thousands  and  no  sum  is  too  large  for  us  to  raise  if  the  prices  we  can  get  are  low  enough. 

There  are  hundreds  of  makers  of  housefurnishings  who  turn  to  us  when  they  must  unload  some  stock  quickly  and  quietly 
}  cn articles  shown  in  our  Big  Bargain  Boob  were  purchased  from  over  180  makers.  We  absolutely  guarantee  to  save  vou  from  15 
to  50%  on  every  article  shown  in  our  Bargain  Book.  J 


A  Harvest  of  Bargains 

for  You 

We  not  only  pick  up  unusual  bargains  for  you, 
but  we  sell  them  direct  without  any  middleman’s 
profit,  without  any  expense  save  our  Bargain 
Book. 

When  these  lines  are  sold  regularly,  the  maker 
pays  salesmen  to  sell  to  the  jobber,  the  jobber 
pays  salesmen  to  sell  to  the  dealers,  and  the 
dealers  pay  salesmen  to  sell  them  to  you.  Each 
middleman  adds  his  expense  and  profit  and  the 
buyer  has  to  foot  the  whole  bill. 

We  not  only  buy  at  an  under  price  but  we  sell 
at  minimum  cost.  There  is  only  our  one  small 
profit  between  the  maker  and  you. 

If  some  of  our  prices  seem  unbelievingly  low, 
please  remember  these  facts:  We  bought  the 
goods  low,  sometimes  away  below  cost— be¬ 
cause  the  makers  had  to  unload— we  save  the 
jobbers’  15%  selling  expense  and  the  dealers’ 
50%  selling  expense.  We  are  selling  you  in  the 
cheapest  possible  way  at  the  lowest  possible 
profits. 

Cash  or  Credit — 

One  Price  to  All 

But  in  addition  to  all  the  things  we  have  told 
you  and  here  is  where  you  can  make  the  chicken 
money  furnish  your  home— if  at  any  time  you  do 
not  have  the  ready  cash  to  send  in  for  an  article 
or  a  bill  of  goods  you  can  have  the  amount 
charged  instead  of  paying  the  whole  amount  at 
once.  Merely  send  with  your  order  a  small  first 
payment  of  about  15%  of  the  total  amount  and  at 
the  end  of  30  days,  if  you  are  perfectly  satisfied 
with  the  goods  and  intend  to  keep  them,  you  be¬ 
gin  paying  for  them  in  small  monthly  payments. 

Now,  you  might  think  that  by  doing  this,  you 
are  not  entitled  to  all  the  advantages  of  a  cash 
customer.  But  that’s  not  true.  That’s  just  where 


the  beauty  of  the  plan  lies.  It  don’t  make  a  bit 
of  difference  to  the  Spiegel.  May,  Stern  Co. 
whether  you  paycash  or  pay  as  convenient.  You 
get  exactly  the  samelowbargain  prices  on  every¬ 
thing.  You  are  extended  the  same  generous 
terms:  you  are  allowed  to  buy  on  approval.  You 
have  the  privilege  of  returning  the  goods  if  you 
don’t  want  to  keep  them.  You  are  treated  ex¬ 
actly  the  same  whether  you  pay  cash  or  pay  as 
convenient. 

Mn  fact,  we  would  prefer  to  have  you  open  an  ac¬ 
count.  About  6U%  of  our  customers  run  such 
charge  accounts  with  us,  and  about  40%  of  them 
pay  cash.  We  are  much  closer  to  the  people 
who  have  accounts  with  us  and  we  are  more  like¬ 
ly  to  keep  on  selling  them,  because  the  Spiegel, 
May,  Stern  Co.  stands  out  strongly  in  their 
minds. 

All  Goods  Sent  on 
30  Days*  Approval 

Whatever  you  order  from  our  Bargain  Book 
will  be  sent  to  you  on  approval.  You  may  use 
it  for  a  month  before  deciding  to  buy  it.  If  it 
isn’t  such  a  bargain  as  you  expected— if  it  isn't 
in  every  way  satisfactory— you  may  return  it  at 
our  expense,  we  will  pay  the  freight  both  ways. 

If  you  have  paid  cash  for  it,  the  whole  sum 
will  be  returned  to  you;  if  you  paid  part  down, 
what  you  paid  will  be  sent  back.  If  anything  you 
buy  is  not  satisfactory,  the  trial  will  cost  you  not 
a  penny.  r 

This  plan  is  for  your  protection.  We  realize  that 
our  prices  will  often  seem  ridiculously  low  for 
goods_  of  first  quality.  You  might  hesitate  to 
order  if  you  had  to  buy  them  unseeing.  So  we 
send  the  goods  to  you  to  test  and  examine— to 
compare  with  similar  goods  in  your  own  stores. 
We  do  not  consider  that  the  goods  are  bought 
until  you  have  a  chance  to  do  this.  If  you  want 
to  return  them  you  are  welcome  to  do  so  with¬ 
out  any  cost  or  obligation. 

You  may  be  sure  that  the  goods  which  we  send 
out  in  that  way  are  the  bargains  which  we 


SPIEGEL,  MAY,  STERN  CO.,  1479  35th  st.,  Chicago,  Ill. 


represent  them.  If  they  prove  disappointing 
they  would  cost  us  the  sale,  your  good  will 
and  cost  us  the  freight  both  ways.  We  can¬ 
not  afford  to  run  such  risks  as  that. 

Our  Vast  Responsibilities 

We  publish  in  our  Big  Bargain  Book  let¬ 
ters  from  some  of  the  biggest  banks  in  the 
country  who  certify  to  our  responsibility. 
We  refer  in  addition  to  any  bank  orbusiness 
bouse  in  Chicago.  We  refer  you  by  special 
permission  to  the  following  banks: 

The  National  Bank  of  the  Republic,  Chi¬ 
cago,  Ill. 

Atlas  National  Bank  of  Cincinnati,  O. 

Bank  of  Commerce,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

First  National  Bank  of  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Any  bank  in  your  own  city  will  tell  you  wo 
are  amply  responsible,  so  will  any  express 
company  or  railroad  agent. 

Cut  out  this  coupon  and  send 
it  to  us,  and  the  big  Spring  Bargain 
Book — or  Stove  Book — or  both — 
will  come  by  next  mail.  Please  do 
this  before  you  forget  it.  •  dom 


Cut  Out  This  Coupon 

SPIEGEL,  MAY,  STERN  CO. 

_  1479  35th  Street,  Chicago,  Ill. 

|  1  Mail  me  the  Bargain  Book. 

□  Mail  me  the  Stove  Catalog. 

Name 

Postotfice 

State _ _ _ 

I  am  particularly  Interested  in 


1 I 
* 

I 

I 

* 

* 

! 

i 


328 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  11, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

THE  OTHER  SIDE  OF  “HORSE  COM¬ 
PANIES.” 

Mr.  Otto  States  His  Case. 

An  article  appeared  on  page  89,  en¬ 
titled  “Our  Farmers’  Horse  Company, 
How  It  Was  Formed.”  This  article  as 
it  appears  is  a  great  injustice  to  us, 
as  well  as  damaging  to  the  horse  in¬ 
dustry  of  the  sections  where  it  has 
been  distributed.  We  believe  we  are 
entitled  to  space  to  refute  the  above 
mentioned  article.  By  showing  the 
other  side  at  the  same  time,  we  will 
bring  in  some  of  our  representatives 
for  censure.  According  to  Mr.  Morse’s 
representations,  he  was  led  to  believe 
that  this  horse  he  was  buying  a  share 
in  would  pay  out  from  year  to  year  as 
his  payments  became  due,  and  that  the 
company  would  keep  the  horse  insured. 
All  this  was  misleading  from  his  stand¬ 
point,  and  entirely  uncalled  for;  how¬ 
ever,  he  doesn’t  make  it  clear  as  to 
which  company  was  to  insure,  the  pur¬ 
chasers  or  the  seller,  but  think  he  was 
led  to  believe  that  it  was  the  import¬ 
ing  company.  This  was  wrong  on  the 
part  of  the  seller,  as  the  insurance 
clause  in  our  guarantee  reads,  “The 
purchaser  may  carry  insurance  on  said 
horse  of  $1,000,  or  more,”  and  that  in 
case  of  death  or  accident  from  any 
cause,  they  may  have  from  our  stables 
another  horse  of  equal  value  for  one- 
half  the  price  paid  for  said  horse,  and 
that  this  clause  shall  remain  in  full 
force  until  April  1,  1914,  or  whatever 
date  the  last  payment  on  note  becomes 
due.  Perhaps  Mr.  Morse  was  misled 
in  this,  anyway  he  got  a  wrong  im¬ 
pression  in  this  insurance.  We  are  tak¬ 
ing  one-half  the  risk,  and  this  is  straight 
business.  We  are  agents  for  an  insur¬ 
ance  company,  and  will  write  insurance 
for  those  desiring  it.  I  enclose  insur¬ 
ance  blank  for  you  to  look  at.  Judg¬ 
ing  from  the  manner  this  article  was 
prepared,  Mr.  Morse  must  be  a  careful 
level-headed  man,  but  whoever  goes 
into  a  business  proposition  expecting 
something  for  nothing,  usually  is  disap¬ 
pointed.  One  thing  in  this  proposition 
was  lost  sight  of  entirely ;  the  improve¬ 
ment  of  the  horse  stock,  which  is  at  a 
very  low  ebb  in  all  the  Eastern  States. 
In  defence  of  Mr.  Morse,  I  feel  sure 
that  he  did  not  need  to  be  misled  in 
the  matter,  but  would  have  taken  a 
share  in  this  fine  horse  for  the  improve¬ 
ment  of  his  stock  and  that  of  the  neigh¬ 
borhood  in  general,  and  would  not  have 
been  wrought  up  to  a  point  where  his 
imaginary  grievances  stimulated  him  to 
write  this  article  for  the  benefit  of 
others,  as  he  says ;  but  in  this  he  is 
mistaken,  as  it  will  prove  to  be  dam¬ 
aging  to  others,  especially  to  those  in¬ 
terested  in  the  improvement  of  the  horse 
stock.  In  reference  to  the  note,  it  is 
not  an  ironclad  note,  but  purely  “I 
promise  to  pay  one-third  in  one  year 
irom  April  1,  1911,  one-third  in  one 
year  from  April  1,  1912,  and  one-third 
in  one  year  from  April  1,  1913.”  A 
good  aged  horse  at  $20,  to  insure  with 
good  management,  will  pay  out  in  three 
years. 

Now  let  us  see  about  the  indirect 
profits  that  have  never  been  brought 
into  this  matter:  Take  the  small  far¬ 
mer  with  one  pair  of  mares,  with  a 
Share  of  $200  in  such  a  horse  as  Mr. 
Morse  says  they  have  bought  from  us. 
When  the  first  note  is  due,  besides  the 
earnings  of  the  horse,  he  has  two  colts 
in  sight  worth  $100  each,  with  his 
mares  bred  again.  At  the  end  of  the 
next  year  he  has  one  pair  of  yearlings 
worth  $135  to  $150  each,  with  two 
sucklings  and  mares  bred  again.  At  the 
end  of  the  third  year  he  has  one  pair 
of  two-year-olds,  almost  fit  for  a  team, 
worth  $300  at  a  low  estimate;  a  pair 
of  yearlings  worth  at  a  low  estimate 
$250,  and  a  pair  of  sucklings  worth  $200, 
and  his  mares  bred  again.  With  good 
luck  on  the  improvement  plan  you  have 
$750,  besides  the  earnings  of  the  horse, 
and  you  may  go  on  from  year  to  year 
with  the  colts  growing  in  value  faster 
as  they  grow  older.  For  feed  and  any 
bad  luck,  cut  this  in  two  in  the  middle ; 
you  have  left  $375,  and  your  share  of 
stock,  which  is  still  worth  all  it.  cost. 

I  have  been  through  the  mill  and 
know.  We  once  sold  a  Belgian  to  some 
farmers  with  run-down  mares  for 
$2,600.'  They  had  misgivings  over  the 
paying  out  problem.  We  agreed  to 
take  13  colts,  one  from  each  share¬ 
holder,  at  $100  each  at  five  months  old. 
The  13  colts  were  delivered,  and  we 
are  now  selling  them  at  $400  to  $500  a 
pair  at  three  years  old  past.  Some  of 
them  did  work  on  the  farm  last  year. 
The  foundation  of  our  present  business 
was  established  in  1878,  by  owning  five 
$100  shares  in  a  stallion.  I  never  re¬ 
ceived  a  cash  dividend  nor  paid  an  as¬ 


sessment,  and  he  made  me  thousands 
of  dollars’  worth  of  colts.  I  bred  my 
interest  out.  We  could  not  have  access 
to  a  good  horse  only  on  the  company 
plan,  as  no  individual  will  buy  a  high- 
priced  horse.  In  my  own  little  town, 
three  years  ago,  we  sold  to  14  farmers 
a  German  Coach  horse  for  $2,800 ;  since 
we  have  loaned  them  one  Belgian  and 
sold  them  one.  They  are  now  earning 
nice  dividends,  besides  filling  up  the 
country  with  nice  colts,  which  already 
begin  to  attract  the  buyers.  We  have 
sold  company  horses  in  about  every 
town  in  our  county  and  many  in  ad¬ 
joining  counties,  which  ought  to  be  evi¬ 
dence  of  square  dealing  and  successful 
enterprise.  The  farmers’  horse  com¬ 
panies  throughout  the  West  and  Mid¬ 
dle  States  have  done  more  to  put  the 
horse  industry  on  a  paying  basis  than 
all  others.  They  have  brought  about 
the  stallion  laws  in  nearly  every  State, 
requiring  stallions  to  be  examined  by  a 
State  examining  board  for  confirmation 
and  soundness,  disqualifying  for  un¬ 
soundness,  and  also  eradicating  grades 
and  scrubs.  In  many  States  they  must 
earn  their  living  by  drawing  the  plow.  I 
think,  on  investigation,  you  will  bear  me 
out  in  the  statement,  that  the  stallion 
business  is  in  the  hands  of  the  good 
farmers  and  the  importers.  The  old- 
time  stallioner  with  his  cheap  stuff 
peddling  about  is  a  thing  of  the  past. 
Whoever  heard  of  a  man  buying  a  farm, 
a  store,  or  a  factory  without  paying  a 
cent  down,  and  have  it  pay  out  without 
an  effort?  I  am  sincere  when  I  say 
that  I  believe  that  a  farmers’  horse 
company  will  give  quicker  results  and 
come  nearer  paying  out  than  any  other 
legitimate  business.  If  I  was  sure  of 
space  I  could  give  plenty  of  statements 
from  horse  companies  that  would  bear 
me  out  in  what  I  say,  and  more  too. 

w.  B.  OTTO. 


SILAGE  AND  TUBERCULOSIS. 

At  intervals  some  one  starts  up  to 
prove  that  silage  is  a  dangerous  food 
for  stock.  The  latest  outbreak  of  this 
sort  occurred  last  October,  when  the 
following  stuff  appeared  in  “The  Spring- 
field  Republican” : 

Danger  in  the  Silo  ? 

There  has  been  considerable  written  and 
said  in  regard  to  tuberculosis,  and  I  feel 
that  the  time  has  come  for  me  to  say  some¬ 
thing.  I  wish  to  ask  these  questions :  To 
what  extent  were  cattle  afflicted  with  tuber¬ 
culosis  previous  to  the  use  of  silage?  I  be¬ 
lieve  it  to  be  a  common  practice  for  dairy¬ 
men  who  keep  hogs  to  throw  the  refuse  of 
the  silo  and  the  manger  into  the  pigpen, 
hence  the  hogs  die  with  tuberculosis.  But 
how  many  horses  do  you  hear  of  that  die 
with  the  disease?  Why  their  immunity? 
Horses  are  not  fed  silage.  I  sincerely  be¬ 
lieve  that  the  modern  silo  is  a  death  trap 
to  man  and  beast.  I  could  write  a  great 
deal  on  this  subject,  but  will  let  the  above 
suffice  for  a  hint.  Awake  and  think. 

CLIFFORD  H.  SHERMAN. 

We  wrote  at  once  to  Mr.  Sherman 
that  we  are  awake  and  trying  to  think. 
Since  he  “could  write  a  great  deal  on 
the  subject’’  we  would  be  pleased  to 
have  him  give  a  few  facts.  We  have 
never  heard  a  word  from  him.  The  fol¬ 
lowing  note  from  Dr.  Alexander  is  suffi¬ 
cient  answer  to  such  “wisdom” : 

Tuberculosis  can  only  be  caused  by  the 
bacillus  of  tuberculosis.  It  can  no  more 
be  caused  by  anything  else  than  a  crop  of 
corn  grow  from  anything  but  seed  corn. 
Silage  cannot  cause  tuberculosis  any  more 
than  it  could  cause  smallpox,  scarlet  fever, 
influenza  or  any  other  germ  disease.  Horses 
are  not  subject  to  tuberculosis.  The  silo 
and  well-made  silage  are  the  greatest  pos¬ 
sible  help  to  dairy  farmers  everywhere.  In 
Wisconsin  silos  are  making  dairying  pos¬ 
sible  and  highly  profitable  where  previous 
to  their  introduction  the  business  was  pre¬ 
carious.  What  a  pity  it  is  that  men  will 
write  even  the  above  amount  of  absolute 
rot;  but  where  ignorance  is  bliss,  ’tis  folly 
to  be  wise.  a.  s.  a. 


Dairymen,  Take  a  Look  at  the 
STRITE  GOVERNOR  PULLEY 

——————  —a— 

It*  the  original  and  •*  only 
thine  for  driving:  cream  sep¬ 
arators  with  gasoline  en¬ 
gines.  Once  triad,  always 
used.  TRY  ON K.  Ask  your 
denier  for  a  “STRITE”  or 
write  us  direct.  Don’t  take 
an  imitation. 

Strite  Governor  Pulley  Co. 
357  South  Third  Street 
Minneapolis,  Minn. 


COOK  YOUR  FEED  and  SAVE 
Half  the  Cost— with  the 

PROFIT  FARM  BOILER 


With  Dumping  Caldron.  Empties 
its  kettleinone  minute.  Thesimplest 
and  best  arrangement  for  cooking 
food  forstock.  Also  make  Dairy  and 
Laundry  Stoves,  Water  and 
Steam  Jacket  Kettles,  Hog 
Scalders,  Caldrons. etc.  SS^”Sen9 
for  particulars  and  ask  for  cinulan  J 
D.  K.  SPERRY  &  00.,  Bat  ,via,  Hi, 


OHELD0N  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
d  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BAUNES.  Oxford,  N.  V. 


Robinson’s  HOLSTF.INS  are  Producers 

They  are  Tuberculin  Tested.  Forty  just  fresh  and 
that  will  freshen  in  the  next  two  months,  with 
milk  records  from  8,000  to  12,000  lbs.  in  the  last 
year.  V.  D.  ROBINSON.  Edmeston,  N.  Y. 


Millr  ProrltTcnrc  for  New  York  City  market 
lTllllv  r  1  UUUOCl  h  desiring  information  how  to 
form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 


MARK  m 


frjiistersr^-  .  U.  S.PAT.  ( 

GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS 
Protein  30-  33% 

Fat  11% 

Carbohydrates  30-40% 
Fibre  ' 


Flakes 


AJAX  FLAKES  had  hardly  been 
placed  on  the  market  before  breeders 
testing  for  records  discovered  that 
there  was  something  about  it  that 
made  more  milk,  and  even  now  breed¬ 
ers  write  us,— I  want  to  test  my  cows 
but  cannot  without 

AJAX  FLAKES 

We  know  why  it  made  all  these  wonderful 
records — it  is  very  digestible  and  easily  di¬ 
gested — it  contains  more  production  value  (or 
net  results)  than  any  other  American  feed. 

It  contains  large  and  ample  amounts  of  di¬ 
gestible  protein,  and  is  liked  so  well  by  all 
cows,  they  eat  the  amounts  necessary  to  make 
large  yields — it  is  absolutely  safe  even  when 
fed  alone — its  cost  is  always  reasonable. 

Write  us  what  you  are  now  feeding,"  and  we 
will  show  you  how  to  g'et  results. 


CHAPIN  &  CO„  Dept.  A, 


Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


SWIKTE 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.-TPhrfze„0^ 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  In  July ;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON.  Proprietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


LAUREL  FARM  JERSEYS 

breed  regularly,  and  their  calves  live.  Fern’s  Jubi¬ 
lee  still  heads  the  herd.  What  do  you  want  ? 

Will  also  sell  full  blooded  Morgan  filly,  coming 
2  and  a  beauty,  at  $100. 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
tlie  highest  quality  aud  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICKS  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


I  ARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD-Special  Offering 
L  of  Service  Boars.  Good  useful  Boars,  $30  to  $40. 
Fancy  Boars  for  the  breeder  and  exhibitor,  $50  and 
up.  They  should  develop  into  800-pound  boars  at 
maturity.  H..  C.  &  H.  B.  HARPENDING,  Dundee,  N.  Y. 


f  ‘The 

Guernseys 

Lave  proven  them¬ 
selves 


Highest  Qu&Jity  and  Best  Color 
. 


A  BERKSHIRE  OR  DUROC  PIG  given  for  a 
A  few  hours  of  your  time.  Stamp  for  particulars. 
PENNA.  BERKSHIRE  CO.,  Fannettsburg,  Pa, 


The  prepotency  of  the  Guernsey  Bull  or  his 
ability  to  stamp  the  desirable  characteristics  of  the 
breed  on  his  offspring 


LARGE  BERKSHIRES 

Orders  booked  for  Spring  Pigs.  August  and 
September  pigs  from  litters  averaging  ten. 

.  .  .  Catalogue  on  application  .  .  . 

WILLOUGHBY  FARM,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

Makes  him  most  valuable  for  improving  the 
common  dairy  stock  of  any  section. 

A  Dairy  of  Grade  Guernseys  will  give  Rich, 
Fine-Flavored,  High-Colored  Milk, 
Cream  and  Butter. ' 

FURTHER  INFORMATION  REGARDING  THE  GRADE 
GUERNSEYS  BY  ADDRESSING 

The  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club 

Box  R  PETERBORO,  25".  II. 

Q0METHING  NICE— Duroc  Jersey  Swine,  Partrilge 

0  and  Golden  Rock  Chickens.  Bourbon  Red 
Turkevs,  Embden  Geese,  Crested  White  Ducks. 

J.  H.  LEWIS.  R.  No.  2.  Cadiz.  Ohio. 

nilDDPQ  THE  BI6<  dkkp  fellows 

IPUnUUO  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 

ICDOCVP- Combination  and  Golden  Lad;  for 
JttloLlo  sale,  2  cows,  7  heifers,  3  bulls. 

1  v  S.  E.  NIVIN.  Landenburg,  Pa. 

LARGE  YORKSHIRE  HOGS 

Am  now  booking  orders  for  6  week  old  Pigs,  Regis¬ 
tered,  at  $15.00  per  pair.  If  you  are  looking  for  the 
genuine  Bacon  Hog,  try  a  pair  this  spring.  Address 

HILLHURST  FARM,  Orchard  Park,  N.  Y. 

Breed  Up-Not  DownT^r^X’ 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  II.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Builford  Conn ..offer ;  the  fol- 
r  ■  lowing  Gilt  Edge  Stock  for 

sale.  One  magnificent  Y earling  Guernsey  Bull  (reg¬ 
istered) ;  one  full  blooded  Jersey  Bull  (registered). 
Dams  of  both  extra  heavy  producers.  Jersey 
Sire,  Hood  Farm  Pogis;  Guernsey  sire.  Fantim’s 
Zac  Taylor  (imported).  One  registered  Berkshire 
Boar  5  mos.  old,  perfect  form  and  breeding  cannot 
be  beat.  One  Chester  White  Boar  9  mos.  old,  puro 
bred,  quick  and  sure,  an  exceptional  animal,  prico 
right.  12  Single  and  Double  Comb  R.  I.  Red  Cock¬ 
erels  $3.00  each  (Tuttle  Strain).  Bred  for  utility  as 
well  as  beauty.  Full  blooded  Imperial  Pekin  Duck 
Eggs  for  hatching  $1.00  per  13 — $6.00  per  hundred. 
Full  blooded  S.  and  D.  C.  R.  I.  Red  Eggs  for  hatch¬ 
ing.  Guaranteed  100£  fertility  from  our  Utility  Pens. 
$1.00  per  10 — $4.00  per  hundred.  The  above  stock  is 
guaranteed  to  be  pure  bred  and  the  price  is  right. 

|  Horses  and  3VExxlos 

THE  PERCIIERON  SOCIETY 
OF  AMERICA 

Has  just  taken  over  all  records  and  business 
of  Percheron  ltegistery  Company  of  Colum¬ 
bus,  Ohio.  215  breeders  took  membership  in 

P.  S.  of  A.  during  Dec.  and  January  alone. 

137  more  new  members  added  thru  recent  ac¬ 
quirement  named  above.  There  is  now  but  one 
recognized  Society  in  the  United  States  record¬ 
ing  Percherons.  For  information  address: 

WAYNE  DINSM0RE,  Secretary,  Union  Stock  Yards, Chicago, III. 

Highland  View  Stock  Farm. 

Thirty-five  purebred  registered  Percheron  Stallions 
and  Mares  for  sale.  Stallions  from  $301)  up,  mares 
from  $400  up.  Address  all  correspondence  to 

O.  N.  WILSON,  Kittanning,  Pa. 

To  Avoid  Inbreeding,  We  Will  Sell  Our 
HKRD  BULL 

AMERICA  DE  KOL  BURKE. 

A  great  son  of  the  great  Do  Kol  Burke.  It  will 
pay  you  to  come  and  see  him.  Write  for  pedigree. 
Several  young  calves  out  of  A.  R.O.  dams  for  sale. 

CLOVEltDALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

C.  S.  Lunt,  Owner  J.  J.  Eden,  Manager 

Pn  Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
0U  at  farmers’  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O. 

7;i  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somerville,  N.  J. 

«*UCTI  lUn  Unceasing  source  of  pleasure 
|  LA  HU  and  robust  health  to  children. 
_  ^  __  _  _  ^  Ideal  playmates.  Safe,  luox- 
DflMlh^  pensive  to  keep.  Stallions  aud 
■  U  lalk  w  mares  for  breeding.  Complete 
outfits  Illustrated  catalog 

free.  BELLE  MEADE  FARM,  DEPT.  S,  MARKHAM,  VA. 

DOGS 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEI N-FRI  ESI  AN  ASS’N  OF  AMERICA 
F. L.  HOUGHTON. SEC' Y, BOX  105.  BRATTLEBORO.VT. 

PHI  1"  1C  D 1 1  DC -From  imported  stock.  Females 

uULLIL  lUrOcheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 

CCOTCH  CO  LI, IKS,  Spayed  Females,  two  to 
“  eight  mos.  Oirc.  SILAS  DECKER,  Montrose,  Pa 

Contains  full  information  and  complete  feeding  directions  for  using 


Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal — The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute 


Three  or  four  calves  can  be  raised  on  it  at  the  cost  of  one  where  milk  is  fed. 
Mo  mill  feed  The  only  calf  meal  manufactured  in  an  exclusive  Calf  Meal  Factory 
Established  at  Leicester,  England,  in  1 8 OIL 


Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory,  Waukegan,  Ill. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


329  * 


TWO  COMMISSION  HOUSE  BILLS. 

Two  bills  arc  now  before  the  Legislature 
at  Albany,  designed  to  aid  in  regulating  the 
•  commission  business.  Both  were  introduced 
by  Mr.  Collin.  We  shall  refer  to  them  by 
their  Assembly  number. 

No.  590. 

This  is  a  bill  to  amend  the  agricultural 
law.  It  provides  that  the  Commissioner  of 
Agriculture  shall  collect  information  rela¬ 
tive  to  agriculture  and  “the  markets  for 
agricultural  products.”  It  then  states : 

“All  persons,  Arms  and  corporations  in 
this  State  receiving  farm  produce  for  sale 
on  commission  shall  keep  a  correct  record 
of  the  amount  and  kinds  of  such  product  so 
received  and  of  the  sales  thereof  and  the 
prices  received  therefor,  together  with  the 
dates  of  receipt  and  sale  and  the  names 
and  addresses  of  the  shipper  and  purchaser, 
which  said  record  shall  be  open  to  the  in¬ 
spection  of  the  shipper  or  consignor  of  such 
goods  and  to  the  commissioner  of  agricul¬ 
ture  or  his  duly  authorized  representative. 

“The  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  shall 
have  general  supervision  over  all  sales  on 
commission  within  this  State  of  all  kinds 
of  farm  produce,  and  he  shall  investigate 
complaints  relating  to  the  transportation, 
handling  and  sale  of  such  produce.  He 
shall  have  power  to  compel,  by  subpoena,  the 
attendance  of  witnesses  and  the  production 
of  books,  papers  and  documents,  to  adm'n- 
ister  oaths  and  take  testimony  under  oath, 
and  generally  to  secure  evidence  on  any 
matter  relating  to  the  transportation,  hand¬ 
ling  and  sale  on  commission  of  all  farm 
produce  within  this  State.  Neglect  or  re¬ 
fusal  to  obey  such  subpoena  shall  be  punish¬ 
able  by  any  ciyil  court  of  record,  the  same 
as  though  said  subpoena  had  been  issued  by 
said  court. 

“This  act  shall  take  effect  immediately.” 

NO.  595. 

This  bill  provides  for  licensing  and  bond¬ 
ing  commission  men  as  follows  : 

“All  persons,  firms,  associations  and 
corporations  in  this  State,  receiving  farm 
produce  for  sale  on  commission,  shall  on 
or  before  the  first  day  of  July  in  each  year 
apply  to  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture 
for  a  license  to  do  a  commission  business 
in  farm  produce.  Such  application  shall 
state  the  kind  or  kinds  of  produce  intended 
to  be  handled,  and  shall  be  in  such  form 
and  shall  state  such  facts  as  the  Commis¬ 
sioner  of  Agriculture  shall  prescribe.  The 
Commissioner  of  Agriculture  shall  issue  to 
each  such  applicant  a  license  entitling  the 
applicant  to  conduct  the  business  of  re¬ 


ceiving  and  selling  farm  products  on  com¬ 
mission  until  the  first  day  of  July  next 
following.  Provided,  however,  that  before 
such  license  shall  be  issued  said  applicant 
shall  execute  and  give  to  the  Commissioner 
of  Agriculture  a  bond,  with  satisfactory 
sureties,  in  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dol¬ 
lars  to  secure  the  payment  of  all  sums  due 
and  owing  to  persons  within  this  State 
consigning  farm  produce  to  such  applicant 
or  person  for  sale  on  Commission.  Any 
consignor  of  such  goods  to  any  such  com¬ 
mission  merchant  is  hereby  empowered  and 
authorized  to  bring  action  upon  such  bond, 
so  given,  in  any  court  of  competent  juris¬ 
diction  for  the  recovery  of  any  sum  or 
sums  due  such  consignor  by  such  commis¬ 
sion  merchant  which  has  been  due,  owing 
and  unpaid  for  a  period  of  thirty  days.  On 
and  after  the  first  day  of  July,  1911,  it 
shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person,  firm,  as¬ 
sociation  or  corporation  to  receive,  sell  or 
offer  for  sale  on  commission  within  this 
State  any  kind  of  farm  produce  without  a 
license  as  herein  provided,  and  any  viola¬ 
tion  of  this  section  shall  be  a  misdemeanor. 

“This  act  shall  take  effect  immediately.” 


THE  GRANGE  AND  CANADIAN  “RE¬ 
CIPROCITY.” 

“Is  the  Grange  position  on  Canadian  reci¬ 
procity  right  or  wrong?” 

It  is  right. 

“If  right,  how  shall  we  reconcile  the  po¬ 
sition  taken  by  Secretary  Wilson?” 

It  is  irreconcilable;  because  according  to 
Secretary  Wilson’s  report,  in  discussing  the 
high  cost  of  living,  he  says  that  it  is  not 
because  of  the  high  prices  paid  to  farmers, 
as  the  farmer  gets  the  minor  fraction  of  the 
consumer's  dollar.  This  being  the  case  it 
is  illogical  to  cut  another  slice  off  the  tann¬ 
er's  dollar  and  not  provide  that  that  re¬ 
duction  be  carried  to  the  consumer,  because 
making  wheat  free  must  reduce  the  price 
paid  the  farmer,  but  retaining  a  duty  upon 
flour  must  preserve  the  present  price  to  the 
consumer ;  the  same  condition  prevails 
through  all  the  schedule  as  it  is  now  pre¬ 
sented  ;  hence  the  Grange  position  is  right, 
because  it  is  aimed  to  retain  the  little 
protection  the  farmer  now  enjoys,  until 
such  time  as  its  removal  may  be  so  com¬ 
plete  as  to  be  of  advarftage  to  the  con¬ 
suming  public,  which  the  present  treaty 
wholly  fails  to  do,  or  even  promises  to  do. 

The  Grange  position  is  right,  because  if 
the  treaty  is  ratified,  as  it  now  stands, 
without  the  farmer  getting  some  benefits 
from  the  Canadian  agreement,  he  would  be 
shut  out  absolutely,  as  he  could  not  hope 


to  be  better  treated  on  a  general  revision. 
Two  great  schools  of  thought  have  con¬ 
tended  over  the  tariff  schedule  of  this  coun¬ 
try  ;  protection  for  the  business  interests 
and  free  commercial  relations  with  all  na¬ 
tions.  These  principles  we  are  not  now  dis¬ 
cussing,  but  Canadian  reciprocity,  as  now 
pending  belongs  to  neither;  it  is  a  miser¬ 
able  apology  by  protectionists  that  their 
theory  in  the  past  has  been  wrong  and  they 
must  make  discriminations  for  the  favored 
few.  It  is  not  free  trade,  as  it  makes  free 
the  finished  products  of  one  class  and  re¬ 
tains  protection  on  all  other  classes.  The 
free  trader  who  stands  for  this  treaty,  be¬ 
lies  his  position  and  shows  that  he  is  not 
honest  in  his  contentions. 

The  farmer  has  tolerated  the  unjust  dis¬ 
criminations  against  his  business,  because 
of  his  honest  belief  that  the  whole  country 
was  benefited,  not  for  a  moment  conced¬ 
ing  that  his  business  was  proportionally 
protected  by  the  present  schedule  of  tariff 
rates  on  agricultural  products,  but  when  it 
comes  to  strike  that  protection  off  from 
the  only  nation,  that  does  or  can  to  any 
appreciable  extent  compete  with  him  he 
revolts.  The  Grange  position  is  right,  be¬ 
cause  it  does  not  teach  the  assassin's 
method  of  a  stab  in  the  back,  to  redress 
a  wrong,  fancied  or  real,  after  it  has  been 
committed,  but  rather  believes  in  a  fair 
fight  with  ample  warning  as  to  results,  that 
they  will  not  tolerate  this  awful  injus¬ 
tice  ;  this  treaty  strikes  a  blow  at  the  great 
agricultural  interests  of  America,  and  in 
the  arguments  in  Canada  it  is  only  made 
tolerant  by  the  fact  that  Canada  is  a  great 
agricultural  nation,  and  this  movement  is 
intended  to  give  the  Canadian  farmer  the 
full  benefits  of  American  markets  and 
American  prosperity,  and  the  American 
farmer  will  return  that  blow  when  oppor¬ 
tunity  presents  itself.  That  party  or  states¬ 
man  will  rue  the  day,  when  by  his  vote,  he 
shall  have  alienated  the  respect  and  the 
confidence  of  the  American  farmer,  by  this 
unwise,  unfair  and  grossly  discriminating 
treaty.  The  argument  that  American  farms 
will  soon  be  unable  to  feed  the  rapidly  in¬ 
creasing  population  is  absolutely  fallaci¬ 
ous,  for  American  agriculture  is  concedodly 
far  short  of  her  possible  production,  as  per 
Secretary  Wilson’s  report  of  abandoned 
farms,  and  farms  inadequately  tilled. 
Should  it  not  rather  be  the  true  American 
policy  to  encourage  and  build  up  her  agri¬ 
culture  rather  than  to  tear  down  and  dis¬ 
courage  the  same?  This  the  Grange  stands 
for  and  will  ever  continue  to  do  ;  this  is 
why  the  Grange  contends  with  all  its  might 
against  a  measure  that  is  intended  to  de¬ 
mean,  to  cheapen  and  belittle  American 
agriculture. 

w.  N.  GILES. 

Secretary  Yew  York  State  Grange. 


SrLLTz. — In  reply  to  W.  B.  D.,  Lincoln, 
N.  J.,  I  have  grown  emmer  or  speltz  on  a 
small  scale.  I  bought  two  bushels  last  sea¬ 
son,  got  it  late  in  April,  sowed  it  April  29, 
cme  acre,  and  harvested  30  bushels.  I  have 
fed  a  little  to  pigs,  chickens  and  horse,  and 
they  seem  to  be  very  fond  of  it.  They  will 
leave  other  feed  for  it.  I  expect  to  plant 
about  three  acres  this  season,  and  get  it  in 
early.  It  ripens  about  the  same  time  as 
oats.  h.  j.  a. 

Dishorning. — As  to  dishorning  cows  at 
one  year  old,  as  mentioned  by  a  correspond¬ 
ent  in  The  R.  N.-Y,,  it  is  far  more  humane 
and  more  quickly  done  to  apply  a  moistened 
end  of  stick  caustic  potash  to  the  budding 
horn  of  calf  a  few  weeks  old,  and  repeat 
if  necessary.  The  calf  will  never  have 
horns  and  have  a  more  symmetrical  head 
than  if  horns  are  sawed  off  later.  Prun¬ 
ing  shears  on  a  six-months  calf  will  answer. 

Oakland  City,  Ind.  l.  s.  t. 

The  Birds. — Two  years  ago  a  pair  of 
song  sparrows  built  their  nest  in  a  clump 
of  meadowsweet  bushes  near  my  currant 
patch.  That  year  I  wasn't  troubled  with 
many  currant  worms.  While  the  birds  were 
sitting  a  few  worms  thrived,  but  after  the 
young  birds  hatched  the  demand  for  the 
worms  was  greater  than  the  supply.  They 
would  sit  in  a  row  on.  the  fence  and  wait 
for  their  parents  to  bring  the  worms  to 
them.  Last  year  the  neighbor’s  cats 
frightened  the  birds  away  and  I  was 
obliged  to  spray  my  currant  bushes.  I  wish 
The  It.  N.-Y.  readers  showed  more  interest 
in  the  birds  that  are  so  necessary  to  agri- 

The  Massachusetts  Creamery  Association 
and  the  Connecticut  Valley  Breeders’  Asso¬ 
ciation  are  co-op-u-ating  with  the  Massa¬ 
chusetts  Agricultural  College  to  make 
March  15  a  big  dairy  day  during  “Farm¬ 
ers'  Week.”  A  milk  and  butter  exhibit  will 
be  held  and  gold,  silver  and  bronze  medals 
will  be  awarded.  All  entries  must  be  made 
by  residents  of  Massachusetts  and  the  ex¬ 
hibits  must  be  produced  in  Massachusetts. 
Owing  to  the  difficulty  of  the  managements 
getting  into  touch  with  the  dairy  butter 
and  market  milk  oroducers  it  is  hoped  chat 
they  will  write  to  Prof.  W.  P.  B.  Liekwood, 
Massachusetts  Agricultural  College,  Am¬ 
herst,  Mass.,  for  further  information. 

Farmers’  Insurance. — Thinking  that  the 
readers  of  The  It.  N.-YU  might  be  interested 
in  farmers’  insurance  companies,  I  will  tell 
of  the  one  we  have  here.  The  Farmers’ 
Mutual  Insurance  Co.  of  Armstrong  Town¬ 
ship,  Indiana  Co.,  Pa.,  was  organized  in 
1875,  35  years  in  operation  now.  It  was 
organized  by  the  farmers  of  Armstrong 
Township.  The  policy  holders  meet  once 
a  year  to  elect  12  men  of  their  number 
managers  for  the  company  for  the  year  ;  the 
managers  then  meet  and  organize  by  elect¬ 
ing  a  president,  secretary,  assessor  and 
treasurer.  Farm  property  only  Is  insured  ; 
buildings  can  be  insured  for  two-thirds 
value,  contents  full  value.  In  the  35  years 
the  company  has  paid  for  fire  loss  $11,966, 
and  has  cost  the  policy  holders  47%  mills, 
or  an  average  of  about  1  1-3  mills  yearly. 
When  a  fire  occurs  an  appraisement  is 
made  of  the  loss  and  an  assessment  made 
on  all  policies  to  cover  loss.  r.  h.  c. 

Indiana,  Pa. 


Standard 

WORM 

POWDER 


POUN  n  *» 


—  POUNDS 

Standard 

POULTRY 

FOOD 


Standard 

STOCK 

DIP 


Smhmb 

RlStCT 

POWDCK 


'•mrnmfm 


I  am  putting  a  quarter  of  a  century  of 
business  experience  as  a  manufacturer  of  Stock 
Food  and  Veterinary  remedies  behind  this  free 
offer.  I  know  tnat  I  am  manufacturing  Stock 
Food  and  Veterinaiy  Remedies  which  are  above 
the  class  of  goods  which  can  be  found  elsewhere. 
I  know  this  because  I  know  that  I  insist  upon 
the  absolute  purity— because  I  insist  upon  put¬ 
ting  those  things  into  my  goods  which  are  put 
there  to  make  the  stock  thrifty. 

My  goods,  w  hen  used  as  they  should  be, 
will  give  you  big  returns  on  your  investment. 
This  has  been  demonstrated  again  and  again — 
thousands  of  times.  I  am  backing  this  with  a 
positive  guarantee  on  every  article. 

Now  will  you  accept  the  goods  shown  on  this 
page  free— free  without  a  cent  of  expense  to 
you?  I  say  to  you  that  you  will  never  be  asked 
to  pay  one  cent  of  money  for  these  goods.  I  am 
giving  them  to  you  for  introductory  purposes.  I 
want  to  show  you  that  the  Standard  line  has 
no  equal.  I  want  to  get  you  started  on  the 
Standard  line.  I  am  acting  just  as  you  would 
act  under  the  circumstances.  If  you  had  some¬ 
thing  which  you  knew  to  be  better  than  any 
other  thing  of  the  kind  ever  made,  and  you 
wanted  people  to  know  about  it  quick,  you  would 
give  them-  some  of  it  so  they  would  know,  and  so 
they  would  tell  their  friends.  That  is  just  what 
I  am  doing.  Will  you  mail  me  the  free  coupon 
over  on  the  other  side — mail  it  today. 

F.  E.  Sanborn,  Pres.  Standard  Stock  Food  Co. 


I  Will  Give  You  All  These  Highest 
Quality  Articles  and  This  [jgp~ 
Magnificent  Brass  Trimmed 

Cabinet  Positively  Without  Cost 

List  of  FREE  Goods  send 

No 

Money 
Send 
Coupon 


Regular 

Price 


1  gallon  can  Standard  Stock  Dip . . . $1  25 

1  2-lb.  box  Standard  Horse  Worm  Powder . 50 

1  bottle  Standard  Stock  Liniment . 50 

1  bottle  Standard  Colic  Remedy . .  1.00 

1  box  Standard  Veterinary  Salve . 50 

1  box  Standard  Gall  Salve . 25 

1  box  Standard  Heave  Powder . 50 

1  bottle  Standard  Pine  Tar  Extract . 50 

1  bottle  Standard  Spavin  Paste .  1.00 

1  one-quart  can  Standard  Fly  Shy . 35 

1  one-half  gallon  can  Standard  Lice  Killer . 65 

1  box  Standard  Insect  Powder . 35 

1  5  !/2lb.  box  Standard  Poultry  Food. . . 50 

1  4-lb.  box  Standard  Hog  Worm  Powder .  1.00 

1  Redwood  Brass  Trimmed  Cabinet .  3.20 


Only  One  Cabinet  Sent 


This  fine  cabinet  and 
preparations  are  given 


offers  —  an 


18  preparations  1 

to  flsiv  One  Person  onIy  once  to  any 

1  H  1  Cl  OUI1  one  person.  Remem¬ 

ber,  this  is  an  offer  for  introductory  purposes  only.  We 
give  you  these  free  goods  so  you  will  know  the  value  of 
Standard  Stock  Food  Preparations.  Don’t  delay  about 
sending  the  coupon  for  this  greatest  of  all 


Total  cash  value  of  FREE  goods . . . $12.00  offer  never  equaled  before. 

All  of  the  14  above  regular  size  *  ■  ■  ■■  ■■  ■■  ■» 

preparations,  together  with  cabinet  J  FREE  CABINET  COUPON 

■  .,.Gentl«men.:~You  may  send  me  prepaid  free  certificate  good  for  one  Redwood  Camnet  as  described  filled 
H  S1fecl  Packages  of  Standard  Veterinary  Remedies  in  connection  with  your  special  introductory’  offer 

all  of  the  actual  cash  value  of  $12.00.  Hus  puts  me  under  absolutely  no  obligations  whatever  and  I  mi  never  ta 
■  pay  you  anything  at  anytime  for  these  free  goods  or  the  Redwood  Cabinet  4110  1  m  1  cvex  to 


are  yours  without  paying  us  one  cent. 

Send  for  the  FREE  Coupon 

Standard  Stock  Food  Co.,  Dept.  3583,  °NEB.A’ 


My  Name . 


Postoffice . State . 


R.  F.  D.  No.. 


I1  owT“ . ..........horses...... . cattle . cows. . hogs . sheep  Poultrv 

Here  is  the  name  and  address  of  the  dealer  where  1  usually  buy  my  veterinary  remediw.' stock fSdT 


Pealer’s  Name. 


..Town. ... 


330 


March  11, 


POTATO  FLEA-BEETLE. 

It  appears  to  be  a  law  of  nature,  if 
nature  can  be  said  to  be  governed  by  any 
law,  where  men  become  specialists  in  the 
growing  of  a  few  particular  crops  and 
grow  these  intensively,  that  some  disease 
or  insect  pest  must  become  a  constant 
menace  to  the  crop.  That  is,  the  growing 
of  a  crop  on  a  large  scale  continuously 
every  year  and  frequently  throughout  the 
entire  growing  season  usually  furnishes 
conditions  for  the  greatest  increase  and 
highest  development  for  some  particular 
pest  of  that  crop.  This  is  'especially  true 
of  the  potato  flea-beetle,  an  insect  which 
under  natural  conditions  feeds  and  breeds 
on  various  weeds  which  grow  around  mar¬ 
gins  of  fields  and  along  roadsides.  Prob¬ 
ably  there  is  no  section  along  the  At¬ 
lantic  sea-board  where  this  little,  insig¬ 
nificant  beetle  has  developed  into  such  a 
pest  as  on  Long  Island,  where  both  early 
and  late  potatoes  are  grown,  or  where  if 
only  late  potatoes  are  grown  they  are 
planted  early. 

The  adult  beetles  hibernate  principally 
in  hedge-rows  and  wood-lots,  or  even  in 
the  ground  in  open  fields  where  there  is 
rubbish  of  any  sort  to  furnish  a  partial 
protection.  They  usually  leave  their  Win¬ 
ter  quarters  about  the  same  time  as  does 
the  potato  “bug,”  showing  up  first  on  the 
south  or  sunny  side  of  hedges  and  woods. 
Unlike  the  potato  beetle,  if  potatoes  are 
not  up,  instead  of  starving  they  are  able 
to  subsist  on  various  weeds  which  start 
early  or  even  on  clovers.  They  are  experts 
on  the  wing,  and  can  fly  long  distances. 
As  the  potatoes  show  above  ground  this 
pest  congregates  where  the  soil  is  the 
lightest,  usually  these  spots  are  the  high¬ 
est  and  driest.  The  beetles  gather  here 
apparently,  not  bcause  the  potatoes  come 
up  on  these  spots  first,  out  because  they 
are  warm  and  dry.  Here  the  beetles  can 
feed  and  pair  during  the  middle  of  the 
day,  and  at  night  crawl  into  the  loose 
soil. 

From  the  fact  that  the  beetles  come 
from  protected  spots  first  while  those 
which  have  wintered  in  more  exposed  situ¬ 
ations  issue  later,  we  frequently  see  the 
old  beetles  feeding  from  the  middle  of 
May  to  July  first.  Generally  they  are  most 
numerous  from  June  1-10.  When  feeding 
the  fiia-beetle  bites  a  hole  through  the  skin 
or  dermis  of  a  leaf  and  eats  out  the  green 
tissues  within  the  same.  The  injury  from 
this  method  of  feeding  is  not  as  noticeable 
early  in  the  season,  when  injured  leaves 
are  rapidly  replaced  by  new  ones,  as  when 
the  new  brood  appears  in  July  and  feeds 
principally  on  the  top  leaves.  At  that 
time  the  tubers  are  fast  making  and  fre¬ 
quently  a  drought  period  is  on,  as  a  re¬ 
sult  the  injured  leaves  dry  up  rapidly 
and  a  potato  field  soon  looks  as  if  the 
tops  had  been  scorched  by  fire. 

Soon  after  the  beetles  commence  feeding 
in  the  Spring  the  females  deposit  eggs  on 
and  in  the  soil  around  the  plants.  The 
grub  or  larva  that  hatches  from  the  egg 
resembles  a  miniature  wireworm,  differing 
only  in  that  the  head  is  the  same  color 
as  that  of  the  wireworm,  while  the  body 
is  white.  The  larva;  feed  on  the  roots,  un¬ 
derground  stems,  and  the  tubers  of  the 
potato.  When  feeding  on  the  tubers  they 
burrow  directly  into  the  same  at  right 
angles  to  the  surface.  When  full  grown 
the  larva?  are  only  about  one-fourth  inch 
in  length,  and  this  is  the  usual  depth  of 
the  hole  they  eat  into  the  tuber.  The 
tuber  always  endeavors  to  heal  where  the 
larva;  bore  into  it,  the  result  being  the 
formation  of  a  corky  tube  or  “sliver”  in 
the  flesh  of  the  potato.  These  “slivers” 
always  show  when  the  potatoes  are  peeled, 
when  boiled  with  the  jackets  on  the  “sliv¬ 
ers”  pull  out  as  the  skin  is  removed. 
Under  ordinary  conditions  this  is  the  only 
noticeable  injury  to  the  tubers;  but  if  the 
“slivers”  are  formed  at  the  right  stage 
in  the  development  of  the  tuber,  or  under 
certain  weather  conditions,  the  tubers  not 
only  form  the  “sliver”  but  also  a  corky 
wart  over  the  hole  where  the  grub  feed. 
The  result  is  what  are  called  “pimply 
potatoes.”  When  the  latter  condition  oc¬ 
curs  the  buyer  "sits  up  and  takes  notice.” 
Frequently  these  “pimply”*  potatoes  do  not 
mature,  hence  do  not  cook  well,  so  pota¬ 
toes  showing  “pimples”  must  go  at  a  loss 
with  the  scabby  stock.  When  full  grown 
the  larva;  leave  the  tubers  and  form  small 
earthen  cells,  within  which  they  change 
from  a  grub  to  a  pupa  and  then  to  the 
adult  beetle.  The  major  portion  of  the 
new  brood  (in  this  section  there  is  only 
one  brood  each  year)  comes  out  of  the 
ground  about  July  10,  feed  ravenously  for 
a  few  days,  then  scatter,  and  feed  miscel- 
laneouslv  until  time  to  crawl  away  for 
the  Winter.  As  only  the  beetles  are  seen 
working  on  the  tops  of  the  potato,  also 
tomato,  one  is  apt  to  think  this  the  only 
damage  they  do.  In  sections  where  early 
potatoes  are  grown  only  the  injury  done 
by  the  old  beetles  in  the  .Spring  is  very 
marked,  as  the  vines  of  the  early  potato 
are  often  nearly  mature  when  the  new 
brood  of  beetles  issues  from  the  ground 
and  the  injury  is  less  noticeable,  or  they 
feed  less  on  such  vines  and  soon  migrate 
to  other  plants.  They  are  more  often 
found  feeding  on  the  underside  of  the 
leaves  than  on  top,  although  at  times 
they  prefer  to  be  in  the  sun  and  feed 
from  the  upper  surface  of  the  leaves. 
They  usually  avoid  feeding  on  dirty 
leaves ;  as  a  result  one  will  often  see  vines 
adjoining  a  dusty  road  quite  free  of  the 
pest,  but  close  examination  will  often 
show  them  at  work  on  the  lower  pro¬ 
tected  leaves  and  branches.  Dusting  the 
plants  with  hydrated  lime,  road  dust  or 
tobacco  dust  will  often  drive  them  from 
the  top  leaves  and  give  temporary  relief. 
Thorough  and  frequent  spraying  with 
Bordeaux  Mixture  gives  better  results  than 
any  of  the  above  substances,  but  if  the 
beetles  cannot  find  unprotected  plants 
nearbv  they  soon  return  to  the  treated 
plants  and  feed  from  the  underside  of  the 
leaves,  and  on  parts  of  the  plant  that 
have  not  been  reached  by  the  spray. 

As  a  result  of  these  habits  we  have  a 
potato  .pest  that  is  not  only  difficult  to 
control,  but  one  that  is  injuring  potato 
tops  soon  after  they  come  through  the 
ground ;  again  in  July,  when  there  is  not 
onlv  considerable  heat  but  often  a  dry 
period  and  hot  winds.  In  the  interval  be- 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

tween  the  two  periods  of  attack  on  the  above  other  farms  around  this  neighbor- 
foliage  they  are  feeding  on  the  tubers  as  hood  to  more  than  make  the  difference, 
larva;  and  causing  two  types  of  injury.  Where  I  had  been  farming  I  paid  $125  privi- 

The  question  arises,  why  not  poison  them  lege  for  house,  barn,  pasture,  etc.,  and 

with  arsenate  of  lead  or  Paris  green?  divided  all  crops  in  half  on  the  farm,  which 
Their  habit  of  feeding  without  eating  any  is  a  very  good  way  to  farm,  but  is  bet- 
or  very  little  of  the  dermis  of  a  leaf  ter  for  landlord  than  tenant.  There  are 
makes  poisoning  impossible.  I  have  ex-  two  classes  of  tenants  and  landlords  in 
amined  fields  where  all  sorts  of  poisons  this  ral't  of  the  State  satisfied  and  dis¬ 
have  been  used,  never  finding  but  few  satisfied.  There  are  more  dissatisfied  than 

dead  beetles,  which  probably  died  a  nat-  otherwise.  The  dissatisfied  landlord  does 

ural  death.  I  have  seen  large  numbers  not  improve  his  farm,  and,  therefore,  loses 
of  the  beetles  fall  from  the  vines  when  a  good  tenant  and  takes  a  poor  one,  which, 
sprayed  with  soap  solutions,  with  kero-  in  turn,  is  a  dissatisfied  tenant,  and  after 
sene  emulsion,  and  with  dilute  “soluble  one  year's  work  moves  again  to  something 
oil.”  The  two  latter  substances  injured  no  better.  The  satisfied  class  generally  re- 
the  potato  vines,  but  when  the  beetles  main  for  a  term  of  years  on  one  farm,  or 
were  gathered  and  placed  on  paper  in  the  until  able  to  buy  a  home  of  their  own.  Here 
sun  they  soon  recovered  and  flew  away,  are  about  the  correct  figures  of  a  cash- 
fit  is  a  difficult  matter  to  smother  “hard-  rented  farm  which  is  the  most  popular  way 
shelled”  beetles.)  I  have  used  sticky  of  renting  in  this  locality: 

shields  worked  on  the  same  principal  as  200  acreg  at  $5  ^  acre . .$1,000.00 

those  used  for  leaf-hoppers  on  giapes.  Al-  «pwo  hundred  acres,  at  $5  per 
though  quantities  of  the  beetles  were  .  $1  000  00 

caught,  they  appeared  to  be  just  as  thick  T  men 'for  5  months', 'at  $20  per  ’ 
on  the  plants  shortly  after  the  shield  had  month  200  00 

passed  as  they  were  before  With  im-  Harvesting  crops,’ 75  acres’ corn,' 35 

gSTbe  ol  some^valueT'but^the  WgSt  «•»  40  «*»  '  32“°° 

SSUf  XrS'iff  one*  time°  w i nh make' "the  . ^■525  00 

use  of  a  beetle  catcher  expensive,  as  it  Seventy-five  acres  corn,  40  bushels 
would  be  necessary  to  keep  the  same  per  acre,  at  40  cents  per  bushel .  $1,200.00 
going  for  a  period  of  10  days  or  two  Thirty-five  acres  wheat,  15  bushels 

weeks.  Thus  far  thorough  spraying  with  per  acre,  at  90  cents  per  bushel  472.50 

Bordeaux  Mixture  appears  to  be  the  most  Forty  acres  hay,  1  1-2  tons  per 

satisfactory  deterrent  to  keep  them  from  acre,  at  $10  per  ton .  600.00 

doing  the  most  damage  to  the  essential  - - - 

part  of  the  plant,  viz.,  the  growing  top.  Total  . $2,272.50 

At  the  same  time  it  is  often  necessary  to  This  ioavos  a  profit  of  $747.50  and  50 
use  this  mixture  as  a  fungicide  in  many  acres  for  pasture,  truck,  etc.,  which  is  an 
sections;  hence  growers  do  not  feel  the  avcrage  of  the  farms  in  this  locality.  This 
expense  of  treatment  as  they  would  If  yields  the  landlord  $252.50  more  than  the 
used  for  the  flea-beetle  alone.  In  case  of  tenant.  The  same  farm  I  have  rented  last 
tomatoes  it  is  not  a  difficult  task  to  keep  ac.  follows- 

them  thoroughly  sprayed  in  beds  and  ,  _  .  _ _  ,  m 

flats.  When  lifted  for  transplanting  they  §}xJy'5ve  ,acres,  P®stuie  to  tenant .  .,  -oO.OO 

can  be  dipped  into  the  Bordeaux  Mixture  Sixty-four  acres  coin,  •> M 

and  all  parts  so  thoroughly  covered  the  bushels;  l-~  to  landlord,  at  40 

flea-beetle  will  not  disturb  them  until  they  cents  . iuu.ou 

have  recovered  from  the  shock  of  trans-  Forty-three  acres  wheat, 

plant'ng  and  commenced  to  grow.  bushels;  1-2  to  landloid,  at  JG 

®  '  ' _ '  '  Twenty -eight  acres  meadow,  56 

tons;  1-2  to  landlord,  at  $12.50.  350.00 

Tenant  System  in  Ohio.  - 

,,  .  ,  Total  received  by  landlord. .  .$1,661.76 

S«*e«Vr  „  Tenant's  expenses  were  as  follows^  ^ 

!&£SS  i!  SAS'irr.'  «  V.q:q» 

200  acres,  finely  improved  and  well  drained,  .  . _ _  t7-n 

paying  $6.50  per  acre  rent.  Any  good  Total  expense  . .  0 

farmer  could  be  satisfied  with  this  farm  un-  Total  value  of  his  share  of  crop,  $1,- 

less  it  be  from  the  standpoint  of  high  rent,  411.76;  leaving  a  profit  of  $661.76. 

but  the  landlord  keeps  it  in  repair  enough  London,  Ohio.  C.  o.  T. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  20. 

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Roofing  Slate 

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in  this  natural  state  is  ready 
to  put  on  your  house  or  barn. 

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the  Market  Affords 

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Please  ask  for  the  books  by  number 

MORE  AND  BETTER  CORN,”  is  a  40-page  booklet, 
full  of  profit-bringing  information.  Every  paragraph 
is  practical. 

We  publish  this  hook  and  send  it  FREE  because  we 
are  interested  in  improved  methods  of  corn  growing. 
Every  vital  thing  about  corn  and  corn  planting  is 
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Its  Seeding,  Culture  and  Curing,  by  one  of  the  high¬ 
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is  full  of  practical  information  about  this  new  and 
important  crop.  Get  posted  on  this  interesting 
subject. 

DISC  HARROWS 

v 

The  Disc  Harrow  is  the  most  necessary  tool  on  the 
farm  today.  The  advantages  of  thorough  discing 
arc  just  beginning  to  be  understood. 

The  DEERE  MODEL  B.  Disc  Harrows  control  the 
gangs  and  force  them  into  the  ground  by  a  spring 
pressure,  thereby  securing  the  most  even  and 
thorough  penetration  and  cultivation. 

Whether  you  buy  a  disc  harrow  or  not  this 
year.it  will  pay  you  to  read  up  all  the  new 
features  of  the  DEERE  line  of  Harrows  and 
the  MODEL  B.  in  particular. 

.  REMEMBER,  it  is  the  only  spring-pres- 
\  sure  harrow  made  and  spring-pressure 
\  control  insures  more  perfect  work. 

BETTER  HAY 

If  you  have  ten  or  more  acres  of  hay.  you 
will  be  interested  in  the  New  Deere  Hay 
Loader. 

The  Loader  that  lasts  a  lifetime:  that  has  absolutely 
the  lightest  draft  of  its  width:  that  delivers  the  hay  at 
the  highest  point;  rakes  absolutely  clean  without  gather¬ 
ing  trash;  will  handle  the  hay  in  swaths,  windrows  of 
any  size  or  bunches. 

The  New  Deere  couples  automatically  and  unhitches 
from  the  load  and  has  many  other  exclusive  and 
valuable  features.  ALL  IN  THE  BOOK. 

>  For  every  use  the  DEERE  UNIVERSAL  DISC 
HARROW  is  a  most  satisfactory  tool.  Made 
in  3,  4.  5  or  6-foot  sizes.  The  gangs  are  reversible 
and  adjustable  for  in-throw  or  out-throw,  wide  or 
narrow  cut.  The  frame  is  very  high  so  that  the 
machine  makes  a  first-class  cultivator  for  small 
crops. 

A  machine  of  this  kind  comes  in  mighty  handy 
on  any  farm. 

FARMERS’  POCKET  LEDGER 

The  Farmers’  Pocket  Ledger  is  a  new,  dur- 
able  and  handsome  memorandum  book 
which  contains  lots  of  practical  information  and 
has  plenty  of  room  for  recording  important  trans¬ 
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Please  ask  for  books  by  number. 

Address 

DEERE  &  MANSUR  CO. 

Moline,  Illinois 


Most  accurate 
drop  planter 
built— 


Deere  No.  9 


Deere 
Model  B. 
Disc 


Flexible 

spring 

pressure 


New  Deere  Loader 
— for  swath, 
windrow  or 
bunch 


Deere  Universal.  Wide  or  narrow  cut, 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


R31 


HANDLING  A  COLT. 

Some  people  never  handle  a  colt  at 
all  until  he  is  old  enough  to  break,  say 
three  years  old;  not  so  with  me.  When 
the  colt  is  nine  or  10  days  old  I  catch 
him  and  put  on  a  halter  with  a  good 
strong  hitch  rope;  now  have  some  one 
lead  its  mother  away,  say  20  feet,  then 
if  colt  does  not  follow,  come  back 
nearer  until  colt  will  follow  its  mother 
wherever  she  goes.  When  this  is  ac¬ 
complished,  shut  the  dam  in  stable  and 
after  a  short  time  the  colt  will  lead 
anywhere,  and  they  never  forget  the  les¬ 
son.  I  always  keep  a  small  box  in  box 
stall  and  when  feeding  mare  always  put 
grain  in  box  for  colt ;  in  a  very  short 
time  they  will  learn  to  eat.  Right  here 
is  where  lots  of  men  make  a  big  mis¬ 
take  ,  always  grain  a  colt  the  first  year, 
for  the  first  year  means  the  growth  of 
the  colt,  and  they  always  will  go  on 
after  that  and  do  well  until  they  have 
their  full  growth.  Be  sure  to  hold  the 
colt  when  catching  him.  Of  course  they 
will  try  their  best  to  get  away,  but  the 
minute  they  find  they  are  not  going  to 
be  hurt,  your  troubles  are  over.  I  try 
to  rein-break  my  colts  when  they  are  one 
year  old,  then  let  them  run  until  coming 
three  years  old,  when  I  begin  to  drive 
them,  short  drives  at  first,  and  as  their 
muscles  harden  I  use  them  more.  In 
this  way  when  they  are  four  years  old 
I  can  use  them  anywhere  I  care  to,  and 
not  be  afraid  of  getting  in  trouble  with 
a  clumsy  colt.  Before  I  begin  to  rein¬ 
drive  a  colt  I  always  put  a  Comanche 
bridle  on  him,  made  as  follows :  Take 
a  small  cord  about  16  feet  long;  tie  the 
end  around  the  neck  firmly  so  that  it 
cannot  slip,  then  double  your  cord,  plac¬ 
ing  it  under  the  neck  from  the  shoulder 
to  the  mouth.  Now  step  to  the  side,  of 
your  horse  and  say  “Come  here,”  at  the 
same  time  giving  him  a  sharp  jerk,  and 
he  will  swing  around  toward  you.  When 
he  comes  caress  him;  now  repeat  on  the 
opposite  side  of  him.  Remember  to 
caress  him  each  time.  This  method 
four  or  five  times  and  you  will  find 
your  horse  will  obey  and  fully  under¬ 
stand  the  words  “Come  here.” 

Now  regarding  rein-driving,  I  always 
put  cn  all  the  harness,  so  that  the  colt 
gets  used  to  the  straps  hitting  him  on 
legs,  and  the  feel  of  harness.  Carry  the 
reins  through  the  shaft-tugs,  take  your 
position  behind  the  horse,  now  com¬ 
mence  to  drive,  turning  him  around 
frequently,  first  to  the  right  and  then  to 
the  left.  He  will  quickly  understand 
to  move  his  body  when  he  moves  his 
head.  By  this  means  you  are  educating 
to  the  shafts  and  educating  not  to  be 
afraid  of  his  heels,  thus  thoroughly 
breaking  your  colt  at  both  sides  and 
ends. 

After  the  colt  will  run  either  way, 
stop  him  with  the  word  “Whoa,”  and 
when  he  will  stop  at  “Whoa”  without 
much  pressure  on  the  reins,  start  to  back 
him,  setting  back  on  the  reins  firmly  at 
<  ach  time  you  say  back  to  him.  Always 
drive  a  colt  double  first,  and  when  they 
get  settled  down  to  an  even  .  straight 
gait,  I  hook  them  single  to  breaking 
cart,  using  a  kicking  strap  for  six 
months  or  more  to  be  on  the  safe  side, 
for  one  mix-up  may  ruin  your  colt.  Half 
the  battle  is  in  thoroughly  bitting ;  a 
colt  not  properly  bitted  is  never  half 
broken.  o.  w.  sh-eeden. 

Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y. 


“A  Pint  is  a  Pound.” 

Will  you  tell  me  your  opinion  of  the 
“wonderful  invention”  of  one  pint  of  milk 
merged  into  one  pound  of  butter? 

A.  R. 

This  seems  to  be  our  old  friend  the 
“butter  merger.”  In  the  advertisement 
sent  us  we  read : 

Never  before-  in  the  history  of  the  world 
has  a  household  article  been  discovered 
that  will  be  so  much  benefit  to  families 
that  have  to  work  for  their  living.  Just 
stop  and  think,  a  little  machine  has  just 
been  invented  that  will  merge  one  pint  of 
milk  into  one  pound  of  butter  in  two 
minutes.  This  wonderful  discovery  must 
surely  be  a  godsend  to  those  who  have  to 
pay  such  high  prices  for  food.  A  pint 
of  milk  weighs  a  pound  and  costs  on  an 
average  four  cents. 

We  take  the  advice  to  “stop  and 
think.”  As  a  result  we  are  forced  to 
the  thought  that  this  statement  is  a 
fake  and  untrue.  No  man  can  make  a 
“pound  of  butter”  out  of  a  pint  of  milk 
— not  even  from  such  milk  as  “Missy  of 
the  Glen”  was  said  to  give.  “Butter” 
is  defined  by  the  Federal  law  to  be  a 
substance  containing  not  over  16  per 
cent  of  water.  If  it  shows  more  than 
that  it  is  adulterated,  and  the  seller  is 
subject  to  fine.  In  one  pint  of  milk 
weighing  one  pound  there  are  on  the 
average  14  ounces  of  water.  The  same 
will  appear  in  a  pound  of  “butter”  made 
from  it.  We  grant  that  this  machine, 
like  an  egg  beater,  will  make  a  soft 


$45.00 


No.  190-  Runabout 

Sells  at  retail  for  $65.  Easy 
riding,  stylish  and  very  dur¬ 
able.  We  defy  competition 
with  it. 


$48.50 


No.  290-  Buckboard 

Retailers  ask  $70  for  its 
equal.  Our  own  pattern, 
strongly  made,  easiest  rider 
known,  and  a  general  favorite. 


We  make  the  best  New  York 
State  Standard  Quality  Wagons 
and  sell  them  direct  from  factory 
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No.  118 — Top  Bug'g'y 
Fully  as  good  as  retails  for$75. 
Will  give  years  of  service, 
nicely  finished,  and  a  bargain. 

853.50 


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Removable  seats,  very  strong, 
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mass  out  of  the  milk.  We  can  make  pot 
cheese  out  of  it  and  this  pot  cheese  will 
be  better  than  the  so-called  butter.  The 
fraud  consists  in  telling  people  that  this 
thrashed  or  curdled  milk  is  “butter,” 
and  the  fakes  who  keep  on  telling  it 
ought  to  be  choked  off. 


Another  Parcels  Post  Convert. 

Last  Summer  I  ordered  a  package  from 
Philadelphia  to  bo  sent  by  express.  After 
juggling  with  it  for  some  two  months  and 
a  half,  the  poor  down-tj-odden  express  com¬ 
pany  condescended  to  deliver  it  to  its  des¬ 
tination.  Having,  in  the  meanwhile,  found 
that  I  could  get  along  without  the  goods, 
and  having  then  no  use  for  them,  I  refused 
the  package.  The  charges  were  90  cents. 
A  few  days  ago  I  received  notification  that 
a  package  was  in  the  express  office.  It  was 
the  same  old  package  and  the  poverty- 
stricken,  imposed  upon  express  company, 
having  in  thq  meanwhile  shipped  it  back 
and  forth  over  the  face  of  the  earth,  were 
willing  to  let  me  have  it  for  $1.25.  About 
three  months  ago  my  sister  ordered  a  pack¬ 
age  (by  express)  from  New  York.  It  has 
not  yet  come.  Give  us  parcels  post,  Mr. 
Taliaferro,  and  the  rest  of  our  Senators. 

Florida.  s.  p.  p. 


Indigestion  in  Calf. 

My  Jersey  calf  six  months  old  exhibits 
strange  symptoms  She  has  grown  well, 
and  has  a  good  appetite,  but  a  part  of  the 
time  she  stands  seemingly  in  much  discom¬ 
fort.  She  stretches  out  her  neck,  keeps 
thrusting  out  her  tongue  and  licking  her 
nose,  while  she  sways  the  rear  part  of  her 
body  from  side  to  side  and  switches  her 
tail  vigorously.  It  seems  as  though  she  has 
some  itching  in  the  lower  part  of  the  in¬ 
testines.  Is  it  worms,  or  what?  And  what 
treatment  should  I  give  her?  H.  k. 

Indiana. 

The  discomfort  is  due  to  indigestion  and 
consequent  formation  of  gas.  Make  her  run 
out  doors  every  day  for  abundant  exercise. 
Physic  her  with  castor  oil  and  afterwards 
feed  so  as  to  keep  her  bowels  moving 
freely.  a.  s.  a. 


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FARM  FOR  ^A  F~The  cheapest  one  in  S'°m. 

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DEAVOR,  Princess  Anne,  Somerset  Co. .Maryland, 


332 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  11 


FEEDING  PROBLEMS. 

Under  this  heading  we  endeavor  to  give  advice 
and  suggestions  about  feeding  mixtures  of  grains 
and  fodders.  No  definite  rules  are  given,  but  the 
advice  is  based  upon  experience  and  average 
analyses  of  foods.  By  ‘-protein”  is  meant  the 
elements  in  the  food  which  go  to  make  muscle  or 
lean  meat.  “Carbohydrates”  comprise  the  starch, 
sugar,  etc.,  which  make  fat  and  provide  fuel  for 
the  body,  while  “fat”  is  the  pure  oil  found  in 
foods.  Dry  matter”  means  the  weight  of  actual 
food  left  in  fodder  or  grain  when  all  the  water  is 
driven  off.  A  “narrow  ration”  means  one  In  which 
the  proportion  of  protein  to  carbohydrates  is  close 
— a  "wide”  ration  means  one  which  shows  a  larger 
proportion  of  carbohydrates. 


Effect  of  Cotton  Seed. 

Will  cotton-seed  meal  fed  to  cows  with 
calf  cause  them  to  abort,  as  we  read  in 
some  paper  that  it  would?  m.  e.  d. 

New  York. 

In  my  experience  of  feeding  cotton¬ 
seed  meal  for  many  years  I  have  never 
seen  a  case  of  abortion  that  could  be 
traced  to  this  cause.  It  may  be  possible, 
through  the  misuse  of  cotton-seed  meal, 
like  feeding  it  in  excessive  quantities  to 
cows  far  advanced  in  the  period  of  gesta¬ 
tion,  for  it  to  cause  a  fever  that  might 
bring  on  abortion,  but  a  proper  and  sen¬ 
sible  use  of  cotton-seed  meal  will  do  no 
damage.  c.  S.  G. 

Too  Much  Heavy  Feed 

Each  of  my  cows  after  calving  this  sea¬ 
son  has  a  very  hard  swollen  udder,  but 
with  very  little  milk.  I  had  one  come  in 
recently,  and  although  she  has  an  im¬ 
mense  udder  I  could  only  get  one-third  of 
a  pail  of  milk  at  night.  For  three  weeks 
before  calving  she  had  been  fed  silage,  corn 
fodder,  clover  hay  and  about  four  pounds 
of  corn  chop  a  day.  Will  you  also  give 
me  a  good  balanced  ration  ?  At  present 
am  feeding  about  15  pounds  of  silage,  four 
quarts  of  bran,  two  quarts  of  gluten  and 
about  six  pounds  of  cut  corn  fodder  twice 
a  day,  with  clover  hay  at  noon.  H.  e.  g. 

Pennsylvania. 

You  have  been  feeding  your  cows  too 
much  heating  feed  like  corn  chop  and 
gluten  feed,  which  is  no  doubt  the 
cause  of  so  many  caked  udders.  You 
should  never  feed  any  heavy  concen¬ 
trated  feed  for  four  to  six  weeks  be¬ 
fore  parturition,  nor  within  two  weeks 
thereafter,  or  until  the  udder  has  re¬ 
gained  its  normal  condition.  Even  then 
if  you  start  to  feed  gluten  feed  heavily 
it  is  very  liable  to  cause  you  much 
trouble.  I  know  from  experience  that 
it  is  a  good  feed  for  the  production  of 
milk,  but  must  be  fed  with  caution,  or 
serious  trouble  will  result.  The  remedy 
is  to  remove  the  cause  first,  feeding 
only  light  feed  like  wheat  bran  or  a 
very  small  amount  of  dry  brewers’  or 
distillers’  grains.  Give  warm  water  to 
drink  several  times  a  day.  As  soon  as 
you  see  a  case  of  caked  udder  give  the 
cow  a  pint  of  molasses,  followed  in 
two  hours  with  one  pound  of  epsom 
salts.  Bathe  the  udder  frequently  with 
warm  water — as  warm  as  the  hand  will 
bear — and  apply  melted  lard  twice  a  day 
after  milking,  rubbing  it  in  well.  Keep 
the  cow  in  a  warm,  light,  well  ventilated 
stable  where  she  cannot  catch  cold  and 
milk  her  at  least  three  times  a  day. 

I  would  suggest  the  following  bal¬ 
anced  ration  which  you  will  find  safe 
and  economical  to  feed : 


Digestible 

15 

lbs.  silage . 

Dry 

matter 

Pro¬ 

tein 

.135 

Carb. 
and  fat 
1.935 

8 

lbs.  cut  corn 
fodder  . 

.  4.64 

.20 

2.984 

9 

lbs.  clover  hay. 

.  7.65 

.612 

3.564 

2 

lbs.  corn  meal .  . 

.  1.78 

.158 

1 .528 

3 

lbs. wheat  bran  . 

.  2.64 

.366 

1.359 

3 

lbs.  gluten  feed. 

.  2.70 

.690 

2.097 

2 

lbs.  dry  distiller’s 
grains  .  1.84 

.496 

1.104 

Nutritive  ratio,  1 

24.40 

:5.4. 

2.663 

C. 

14.571 

S.  G. 

Alfalfa  and  Grain. 


Will  you  give  me  a  balanced  ration  to  go 
with  two  kinds  of  fodder  such  as  mixed 
clover  hay,  also  Alfalfa,  second  crop.  I 
have  good  corn  silage  well  mixed  with  corn  ; 
cows  are  fresh  milkers  weighing  from  800 
to  1,000  pounds.  Following  is  the  grain 
I  can  buy:  Cotton-seed  meal.  .$1.80  per  100; 
oil  meal,  $1.00;  dairy  feed,  $1.60;  malt 
sprouts,  $1.10;  gluten  feed,  $1.50;  wheat 
screenings,  $1;  wheat  bran,  $1.25;  wheat 
middlings,  $1.40;  eornmeal,  $1.20. 

New  York.  w.  G. 

Following  is  the  best  and  most  eco¬ 
nomical  balanced  ration  I  can  make 
from  the  list  of  feeding  stuffs  men¬ 
tioned  : 


Digestible 

Dry 

Pro- 

Carb. 

Feeding  stuff  matter 

f  'n  and  fat 

40  lbs. 

silage  . 8.40 

5.16 

12  lbs. 

mixed  bay 

with 

clover  or  Al- 

falfa. 

. 10.44 

.744 

5.52 

4  lbs. 

malt  sprouts.  3.60 

.744 

1.636 

2  lbs. 

cotton-seed 

meal. 

. 1.84 

.744 

.888 

I  lb  eornmeal . 89 

.079 

.704 

25.17 

2.671 

13.968 

Nutritive  ratio  1 :  5.2. 


If  you  feed  more  than  five  or  six 
pounds  of  clear  clover  or  Alfalfa  at 
any  time  you  could  reduce  the  amount 
of  cotton-seed  meal  correspondingly. 
For  example,  Alfalfa  contains  11  per 
cent  protein,  and  cotton-seed  meal  con¬ 
tains  37  per  cent,  so  by  increasing  the 


amount  of  Alfalfa  pounds  you  could 
decrease  the  amount  of  cotton-seed  one 
pound.  Of  course  this  could  not  be 
continued  indefinitely,  as  it  would  soon 
make  the  ration  too  bulky.  I  would 
advise  wetting  the  sprouts  before  feed¬ 
ing  and  allowing  time  for  them  'to 
swell,  as  it  makes  a  more  palatable  feed 
when  prepared  in  this  way.  c.  s.  g. 

Value  of  Feeding  Stuffs. 

What  is  the  feeding  value  of  wheat  bran, 
cut  Alfalfa,  brewers’  grains  and  corn  bran 
or  siftings  from  mill  grinding  southern  corn 
into  meal?  Please  give  value  for  feeding 
laying  hens  and  feeding  young  chicks. 

Virginia.  R-  G. 

I  do  not  know  of  any  reliable  experi¬ 
ments  having  been  made  with  hens  and 
chickens  to  test  the  feeding  value  of  the 
different  feeding  stuffs  you  mention. 
However,  it  is  customary  to  estimate 
the  feeds  for  poultry  about  the  same  as 
for  cattle.  Estimating  the  value  of  wheat 
bran  at  $22  per  ton,  dried  brewers’ 
grains  would  be  worth  $24  to  $26  per 
ton,  cut  Alfalfa  about  the  same  as  wheat 
bran,  and  corn  bran  or  siftings  would 
be  worth  considerably  less — not  over  $16 
to  $18  per  ton.  As  a  rule  the  cheaper 
feeds  are  the  most  expensive  to  use  in 
the  long  run  because  they  are  usually 
very  indigestible.  By  using  feeds  of 
this  character  which  contain  a  relatively 
small  amount  of  digestible  nutrients, 
the  delicate  digestive  apparatus  of  either 
animals  or  birds  becomes  overworked 
without  producing  satisfactory  results. 

C.  S.  G. 


Warming  Water  for  Cows. — I  want  to 
put  in  some  sort  of  arrangement  for  beating 
the  water  for  my  cows.  At  present  the 
water  is  pumped  into  a  2,500  gallon  tank 
elevated  in  the  barn,  and  then  running 
through  pipes  to  the  trough.  My  only  way 
of  warming  at  present  is  to  put  hot  water 
Into  the  trough,  which  is  not  convenient. 
Probably  some  of  your  readers  have  satisfac¬ 
tory  arrangements  for  warming.  Will  they 
give  suggestions?  I  have  thought  of  put¬ 
ting  some  sort  of  a  heater  into  the  barn 
cellar  and  running  the  water  from  tank 
through  it,  and  back  up  to  the  trough. 

New  Hampshire.  w.  h.  p. 


Stops  Lameness 

and  Stiffness  in  Horses  and  Mules. 


HERE’S  PROOF. 

Mr.  Baily  Kirby,  of  Cassaday,  Ky.,  writes:— 
“I  used  Sloan’s  Liniment  on  a  mule  for  ‘high 
lameness,’  and  cured  her.  I  am  never  without  a 
bottle  of  Sloan’s  Liniment ;  have  bought  more  of 
it  than  any  other  remedy  for  pains.” 


SLOANS 

LINIMENT 

kills  a  spavin,  curb  or  splint, 

DR.  EARL  S.  SLOAN,  BOSTON,  MASS. 


Don’t 
Let  a 
Skin 
Disease 
Spoil  Your 
Horse 

If  he  rubs  mane,  tail  or 
other  parts  you  have  reason  to 
suspect  mange  or  other  parasitic 
skin  disease  and  it  is  time  to 
administer  the  remedy. 

Dr.  HESS  DIP 

and  Disinfectant 

is  the  horseman’s  mainstay  when  it’s 
necessary  to  fight  disease  in  the  stable. 
This  is  a  non-irritating  and  harmless 
preparation,  sure  death  to  infectious 
germs,  skin  parasites,  lice,  sheep 
ticks,  etc. 

In  proper  solution,  it  prevents  and 
cures  hog  cholera,  infectious  pneu¬ 
monia,  sheep  scab,  foot  rot,  and 
lice  on  cattle,  swine  and  poultry. 

Nothing  equals  it  as  a  disinfectant 
for  pens,  stables,  outbuildings,  and 
places  where  decay  may  breed  disease. 

Write  for  booklet. 

DR.  KC6S  &  CLARK,  Ashland,  Ohio. 


<C 


Would  you  rather 
buy  a  new  barn? 


y> 


— Asks  the  little 
Paint  Man 


•rj . 

Would  you  rather  buy  a  new  barn  than  pay  for  painting 
now  and  then  ?  It  costs  more  to  build  a  barn  than  it  does 
to  paint  it.  A  barn  that  is  painted  right  at  the  right  time 
will  last  five  or  six  times  as  long  as  one  that  is  neglected. 

A  barn  of  wood  has  a  certain  amount  of  durability 
which  is  roughly  about  15  or  20  years,  but  that  same 
barn  will  last  40  or  50  and  more  years  if  painted  prompdy 
and  sufficiently  often  to  keep  on  protecting  the  wood. 

Paint  is  a  preventive — not  a  cure.  You  cannot  save 
a  barn  that  has  fallen  into  ruin  by  painting  it.  You  must 
paint  it  while  it  is  new  and  keep  it  painted. 

The  cost  of  the  best  paint  and  the  cost  of  the  best 
painter  are  less  than  the  cost  of  renewing  a  weather¬ 
beaten  barn.  The  best  paints  are  Sherwin-Williams 
Paints — easy  to  apply — look  well — wear  well. 

I  have  written  a  book  about  these  things  which  explains  the 
Sherwin-Williams  way  of  saving  money  on  a  farm  better  than 
I  can  do  it  here.  Its  name  is  “  Paints  and  Varnishes  for  the 
Farm.”  A  free  copy  will  be  sent  you  at  once  if  you  write  today. 

Address  THE  LITTLE  PAINT  MAN,  care  of 

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PAINTS  S-  VARNISHES 

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LIME 


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Attention.  Horse  Owners! 

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Absolutely  FREE 


You  Can  Train  Your  Colt  In  8  Hours  or 
Break  Your  Horses  of  Any  Bad  Habits 
by  Prof.  Beery's  Simple  Methods 

Prof.  Jesse  Beery,  king  of  horse  tamers  and  trainers, 
has  retired  from  his  marvelous  career  in  the  arena  and 
Is  now  teaching  his  wonderful  system  by  mail  to  thou¬ 
sands  of  interested  horse  owners. 

Prof.  Beery  is  acknowledged  to  be  the  world’s  master 
.horseman.  His  wonderful  exhibition  of  taming  fierce, 
man-killing  horses  and  conquering  horses  of  all  disposi¬ 
tions  have  thrilled  vast  audiences  all  over  the  world. 
He  can  teach  you  the  same  simple,  yet  marvelous, 
principles  which  have  brought  him  such  remarkable 
success,  so  that  you  can  take  the  most  vicious  horse 
and  subdue  him  in  a  few  minutes.  He  can  teach  you  to 
train  a  green  colt,  break  any  horse  of  bad  habits,  teach 
a  horse  to  drive  without  reins,  tell  the  disposition  of 
any  horse  at  a  single  glance,  train  him  to  do  difficult 
tricks  and,  in  fact,  gain  complete  mastery  over  any 
horse,  young  or  old. 

You  can  take  a  useless  and  dangerous  animal  and 
double  his  value  in  a  short  time  by  these  easy,  simple 
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Prof.  Beery’s  lessons  are  simple,  thorough  and 
practical. 

$1,200  to  $3,000  a  Year 

At  Home  or  Traveling! 

Competent  Horse  Trainers  are  in  demand  every¬ 
where.  People  gladly  pay  $15  to  $25  a  head  to  have 
horses  tamed,  trained,  cured  of  bad  habits,  to  have 
colts  broken  to  harness.  A  good  trainer  can  always 
keep  his  stable  full  of  horses. 

What  Prof.  Beery’s  Students  Are  Doing 

Breaking  horses  of  every  conceivable  habit;  no  mat¬ 
ter  how  long  standing  it  is.  Training  colts  to  be  ab¬ 
solutely  trustworthy  and  useful  in  8  hours.  Riding 
■with  perfect  ease  and  control.  Training  horses  to  go 
all  the  saddle  gaits  and  do  fancy  steps.  Training 
horses  to  do  the  most  difficult  and  interesting  tricks. 
Telling  any  horse’s  disposition  at  sight— judging  a 
horse  right  the  first  time.  There  is  no  limit  to  what  a 
horse  can  be  taught  when  you  know  how. 

We  receive  hundreds  of  letters  like  the  following:  . 

J.  O.  Brown,  Cameron.  Mo.,  R.  R.  4..  writes,  “Lnst  month 
I  made  $90.00  training  colts,  besides  mv  regulnr  farm  work." 

A.  W.  Bower,  Tipton,  Ind.,  writes,  "you  have  made  me  a 
practical  colt  trainer,  have  all  the  work  I  can  do  and  make 
more  money  than  ever  before.” 

S.  M.  Ryder,  Mercersburg,  Fa.,  writes.  *  1  am  making  money 
buying  3-year-old  kickers  cheap,  handling  them  a  few  dayeund 
selling  them,  perfectly  broken,  at  a  large  profit.” 

.  _  Levi  Smith..  Ad  m  i  re, 

4>t  Bans.,  R.  R.  2,  writes.  "I 

have  used  your  methods  on 

\U  some  very  mean  and  vicious 

horses  and  had  good  suc- 
broke  a  five-year-old 

The  owner  offerod  to  sell  it 
JHf  *  for  $76.00.  but  after  I 
W  ^  w  trained  her  he  refused 
*  1  $176.00.” 

PROF.  JESSE  BEERY 

57  Academy  St.  Pleasant  Hill,  Ohio 


The  Only  Instruction 
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Never  before  in  the  history  of  the 
world  has  there  been  offered  such  a 
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tho  benefits  of  their  foresight  in  taking 
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ters,  Teamsters,  etc.  They  are  able  to 
_pick  un  plenty  of  money  on  the  side 
practicing  what  Prof.  Beery  taught  them. 
Why  not  becorno  one  of  them? 


FREE  BOOK! 


PEOF.  JESSE  BEERY, 

*  0/  Academy  St: 

Pleasant  IliU,  Onto 


Name 


Postoffice 


State 


R.F.D 


Cut  Out  This  Coupon 
and  Mail  It  Today  1 


1911. 


IS  33 


M  I  L  K. 

In  effect  March  1  the  New  York  Ex¬ 
change  price  was  reduced  one-half  cent  to 
?1.61  per  40-quart  can,  netting  3%  cents 
to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have  no 
additional  station  charges. 


We  get  our  milk  from  small  dairies  In 
adjoining  townships,  west  of  here.  The 
milk  trust  has  not  reached  across  Rocky 
River  as  yet.  Price  eight  cents  per  quart 
now ;  seven  cents  for  a  few  months  in 
Summer.  z.  o.  D. 

Rocky  River,  O. 


In  regard  to  the  milk  and  cream  in  this 
locality,  in  our  town  the  milk  is  retailed 
for  seven  cents  and  is  sold  by  the  producer 
to  the  pedler  for  about  one-half  what  it  is 
retailed  for ;  the  retailer  drives  to  the  farm 
after  it.  Most  of  the  milk  from  this 
county  goes  into  Cleveland,  the  average 
price  being  18  cents  per  gallon  delivered  in 
Cleveland  (which  costs  1%  cents.)  We 
make  cream,  22  per  cent.,  for  which  we 
get  85  cents  per  gallon  in  Cleveland.  I  be¬ 
lieve  that  at  the  price  of  feed  there  have 
been  many  cans  of  milk  sold  that  cost  the 
producer  in  actual  cash  more  than  he  re¬ 
ceived  for  it,  to  say  nothing  of  his  work, 
but  still  he  thinks  he  must  stick  to  his 
cows  to  keep  his  farm  up.  I  feel  that  when 
we  cannot  produce  an  article  at  a  small 
profit  it  is  time  for  us  to  quit.  We  keep 
all  registered  Brown  Swiss,  and  they  are 
doing  well ;  also  we  have  sale  for  all  our 
young  stock  at  fair  prices.  But  the  farmer 
who  lias  only  grade  cows  has  only  one 
source  of  income,  that  being  from  the  milk 
pail.  s.  a.  H. 

Painesville,  O. 

Weight  of  Silage — Price. 

Will  you  tell  me  how  many  cubic  feet  of 
silage  it  takes  to  weigh  a  ton,  and  about 
how  much  a  ton  of  silage  is  worth,  or  is 
it  different  prices  in  different  localities? 

Madison  Co.,  N.  Y.  c.  w.  h. 

On  the  average  a  cubic  foot  of  silage  will 
weigh  about  40  pounds.  The  price  varies 
with  that  of  other  fodder — usually  not  far 
from  30  per  cent  of  the  price  of  Timothy 
hay.  Have  any  readers  ever  bought  or  sold 
silage?  If  so,  what  was  the  actual  price? 


Women  Milkers, 

Is  it  possible  to  get  in  this  country 
women  milkers?  Could  one  find  a  district 
where  girls  are  taught  to  milk  or  where 
there  are  girls  willing  to  be  taught  and  fol¬ 
low  that  occupation?  Where  would  I  ap¬ 
ply  for  information?  s.  b.  t. 

It  is  doubtful  if  you  can  find  any  large 
number  of  women  milkers  who  would  be 
willing  to  go  to  a  regular  dairy  farm.  In 
the  dairy  country  the  wife  or  daughter 
will  often  help  milk,  but  the  practice  is 
not  as  common  as  in  the  old  country.  You 
might  obtain  such  women  among  the  im¬ 
migrants  fresh  from  Sweden,  Denmark, 
Germany  or  Switzerland. 


Green  Fodder  Crops  for  Connecticut. 

I  have  unexpectedly  come  into  possession 
of  a  good  farm  adjoining  my  own  and  a 
number  of  head  of  fine  grade  Holstein  cows, 
which  I  would  like  to  keep.  There  is  no 
pasture  land  with  the  new  farm.  I  have 
not  pasture  enough  to  furnish  feed  for  all. 
What  would  you  advise  me  to  sow  to  help 
out?  Will  rape  do  well  in  the  Spring,  and 
how  early  can  it  be  sown?  The  object,  of 
course,  is  to  get  early  feed  to  be  succeeded 
by  other  soiling  crops.  This  laud  is  situ¬ 
ated  in  the  foothills  of  the  Berkshires,  and 
is  about  1,300  feet  above  sea  level.  I  have 
one  acre  sown  to  Alsike  clover.  The  land 
is  rich  and  has  been  kept  up  with  liberal 
manuring  and  fertilizer.  Bromus  inermis 
as  a  grass  food  is  recommended  for  pasture 
and  hay.  Would  you  advise  its  use? 

Eart  Ilartland,  Conn.  d.  g. 

We  would  not  try  brome  grass  except  as 
an  experiment.  Far  better,  in  your  locality 
to  depend  on  oats  and  peas,  Japanese  mil¬ 
let  and  fodder  corn.  (Sow  the  oats  and 
peas  as  often  described  in  The  R.  N.-Y. 
as  early  as  the  ground  will  permit.  Early 
in  May  seed  to  Japanese  millet,  as  soon  as 
the  ground  is  warm  enough  sow  corn  thickly 
in  drills.  Follow  oats  and  peas  with  more 
millet  and  keep  on  sowing  corn  up  to  July 
1.  This  will  give  you  a  good  succession  of 
green  crops.  Rape  is  not  so  good  for  cows 
— it  may  taint  the  milk. 


Rape  and  Milk. — On  page  18  W.  H. 
L.  asks  about  feeding  rape  to  cows.  I 
cannot  quite  agree  with  the  answer  that 
is  given.  A  few  years  ago,  having  quite 
a  field  of  rape,  I  began  early  in  the 
Spring  to  feed  it,  first  in  the  barn,  be¬ 
ginning  with  a  small  feed  and  gradually 
increasing  until  a  full  feed  was  fed. 
Later  the  cows  were  staked  on  it  after 
milking  in  the  morning  for  an  hour  or 
so,  and  soon  left  on  it  all  day,  and  al¬ 
though  our  folks  are  very  quick  to  de¬ 
tact  any  off  flavor  no  complaint  was 
ever  made.  Clover  and  wheat  or  any 
green  feed  will  taint  milk  if  cows  are 
turned  on  it  for  a  full  feed  all  at  once, 
is  my  experience.  S. 

Oregon.; 

R-  N.-Y. — Our  cows  certainly  show 
the  “turnipy”  taste  in  milk  when  fed 
green  rape.  '< 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Storing  Brewers’  Crains. 

Would  it  be  practical  to  store  wet  brew¬ 
ers’  grains  by  the  carload  in  a  double  wall 
circular  frame  silo?  Would  it  make  a 
cheap  feed  at  $7  per  ton?  What  size  silo 
will  I  need  to  hold  25  tons?  j.  s.  d. 

Arlington,  N.  Y. 

This  question  is  submitted  to  readers 
who  have  tried  it.  We  have  not  had 
experience.  We  should  consider  it  a 
risk  with  wet  grains  at  $7  per  ton. 


What  Makes  a 
Cream  Separator 
Good  or  Bad? 


Corn  Fodder  for  Five  Cows. 

We  can  only  raise  flint  corn  here  to  have 
it  ripen.  Would  it  not  be  as  well  for  me 
to  have  a  gas  engine  and  cutter  and  make 
and  cut  my  fodder  as  I  use  it,  as  to  go  to 
the  expense  of  a  silo?  Silo  will  cost  me 
§175,  and  I  haven’t  the  price.  I  shall  not 
keep  more  than  five  cows  and  three  young 
stock.  I  shocked  the  corn  and  let  it  ripen 
in  the  field  last  season,  then  hauled  to  the 
barn,  husked  the  corn  and  piled  the  fodder 
up  in  the  mow.  It  is  keeping  fine,  without 
any  mold.  I  borrowed  an  old  silage  cut¬ 
ter  and  am  cutting  it  by  hand  power ;  it  is 
an  awful  job  but  the  cows  eat  it  up  clean, 
and  are  doing  so  well  that  I  determined  to 
cut  it  all  up.  I  got  three  galvanized  tubs 
and  feed  morning  and  night  scalded  fodder 
with  their  grain  mixed  in.  l.  l.  b. 

Maine. 

That  is  just  what  we  would  do.  It 
would  hardly  pay  to  build  a  silo  for 
half  a  dozen  cattle.  This  cut  fodder 
can  be  put  in  a  tub  or  vat  and  hot 
water  thrown  over  it.  Then  if  covered 
during  the  night  the  fodder  will  be  well 
steamed  and  make  a  very  good  substi¬ 
tute  for  silage. 


Warbles. 

What  is  the  trouble  with  my  cows  and 
what  can  I  do  to  relieve  them?  Last  Sum¬ 
mer  I  pastured  the  cows  in  an  old  field 
where  the  ditches  have  not  been  cleaned 
out  for  a  number  of  years,  and  the  mud 
and  stagnated  water  would  be  in  places  12 
or  14  inches  deep.  The  cows  crossed  the 
ditches  and  sometimes  walked  down  them 
and  ate  along  the  bank,  and  I  thought  that 
the  cause  of  a  trouble  they  had  in  the  Sum¬ 
mer.  First  the  front  legs  were  swollen  and 
covered  with  small  lumps,  and  soon  after 
the  swelling  would  commence  to  go  down, 
the  skin  crack  and  the  hair  and  skin  would 
come  off ;  then  they  would  heal.  At  the 
same  time  there  were  places  where  the 
hair  would  raise  up,  looking  as  though 
something  had  stung  them,  and  the  hair 
came  off  those  places.  Now  there  are 
lumps  on  their  backs  from  the  shoulders 
to  the  hips.  A  few  days  ago  I  was  look¬ 
ing  at  them  and  found  a  small  round  hole 
in  each  one  of  them  and  there  has  been 
some  pus  or  something  coming  out  of  them. 
I  do  not  think  my  cows  look  as  well  as 
they  should  on  what  they  eat.  Please  tell 
me  what  is  the  trouble  and  what  I  can  do 
to  relieve  them.  g.  t.  r. 

Maryland. 

By  squeezing  you  will  find  that  each  of 
the  boils  upon  the  back  contains  a  large 
grub  or  larva  of  the  ox  warble  fly  (Hypo- 
derma  liheata).  Squeeze  out  and  destroy 
each  grub;  then  bathe  part  with  a  two 
per  cent,  solution  of  coal  tar  dip.  Use 
same  solution  on  legs  and  any  other  part 
of  the  skin  that  is  not  in  normal  condi¬ 
tion.  Feed  an  abundance  of  nutritious 
food.  a.  s.  A. 


BETTER  SAFE  THAN  SORR 

Potatoes,  tomatoes,  cucumbers,  cantaloupe, 
small  fruits,  orchards,  can  be  sprayed  at 
slight;  comparative  cost  for  protection  against  x 
blight,  bugs,  scale,  etc., with  an  “IKON  AGE”  ‘ 

SPKAYEIt.  Also,  actually  increases  the 
yield.  The  machine  is  adjustable  to  various 
width  rows  —  solution  thoroughly  mixed — 
delivered  in  a  due  spray  that  covers  the  plant 
— single  or  double  acting  pumps — three,  four-  six  or  8QV€ 
rows — one  or  two  horses — 55  or  100  gallon  steel  or  wooa 
tanks.  Has  orchard  attachment  and  many  others. 

Farm  and  Garden  Tools 


mf  ms 

we  practical,  effective,  economical 
They  give  permanent  satiefac-  . 
tion.  We  have  been  making  ,-Ul 
the  dependable  kind  for  75 
years.  Formulas  for 
•olutions  furnished  on 
application.  Write  for 
our 'free  Anniversary 

Catalog  showing  pots-  _ 

to  machinery  horse  hoes,  cultiva 
of  garden  drills,  wheel  1 -  ~ 

BATEMAN  M’F’G  CO. 


Take  No  Chances. 

What  is  the  use  in  taking  chances  on 
buying  farm  implements?  They  should 
have  the  unqualified  endorsement  not 
only  of  users  who  know  a  good  tool 
when  they  use  it,  but  they  should  be  so 
warranted  by  the  makers  that  the  pur¬ 
chaser  runs  no  risks.  Buckeye  Cultiva¬ 
tors  have  been  on  the  market  for  more 
than  half  a  century ;  the  line  is  the  most 
complete  on  the  market ;  they  are  used 
by  the  most  successful  farmers  in  every 
land;  they  are  gaining  in  popularity 
every  year.  Isn’t  this  a  sure  indication 
that  they  are  built  right;  that  they  do 
the  best  possible  work  with  the  least 
expenditure  of  time  and  labor ;  that  they 
require  very  little  for  repairs,  and  that 
they  are  made  by  men  who  know  how? 
Not  only  is  that  true,  hut  they  are  made 
by  The  American  Seeding-Machine  Co., 
Incorporated,  Springfield,  Ohio,  who 
place  such  a  strong  warranty  on  them 
that  no  risk  whatever  is  taken  by  the 
purchaser.  Write  to  them  for  Buckeye 
Cultivator  pamphlets  and  then  go  to 
your  local  dealer  and  insist  on  seeing 
Buckeye  Cultivators.  Should  he  be  un¬ 
willing  to  supply  you  with  a  Buckeye, 
tell  the  makers  about  it,  and  they  will 
see  that  you  get  what  you  want. 


It  takes  something  besides  cast  iron,  red  paint  and  hot 
air  to  make  a  separator  that  will  skim  milk  clean  twice 
a  day  365  days  in  the  year  for  15  or  20  years. 

If  some  of  the  farmers  who  are  thinking  of  buying  a 

cream  separator  this  season,  and 
have  been  half  persuaded  by  extra¬ 
vagant  advertising  to  “save  one- 
third  the  cost”  by  buying  a  ma¬ 
chine  of  the  “Just-as-good-as-the- 
DE  LAVAL’  ’  or  the  “mail  order” 
kind,  could  only  listen  to  the  ex¬ 
perience  of  a  few  of  the  thousands 
of  the  users  of  such  machines  who 
have  traded  them  in  for  DE  LA- 
VALS  during  the  past  year,  they 
would  be  forcibly  reminded  of  the 
old  adage  which  runs  “Save  at  the 
spout  and  waste  at  the  bung-hole*” 

Any  competent  separator 
mechanic  with  a  knowledge  of  materials  and  high-class 
separator  construction  will  tell  you  that  the  marvel  is, 
not  that  “mail  order”  machines  are  sold  so  cheaply, 
but  that  they  succeed  in  getting  the  price  they  do. 

High-grade  separators  cannot  be  manufactured  like 
harvesters,  plows  and  other  farm  machinery.  A  properly 
built  separator  is  almost  as  delicate  and  exacting  in  its 
construction  and  measurements  as  a  watch. 

DE  LAVAL  machines  are  constructed  in  the  best 
equipped  cream  separator  factory  in  the  world  by  skilled 
workmen.  The  very  highest  grade  of  material  we  can 
get  is  used  in  all  wearing  parts,  and  our  limit  of  varia¬ 
tion  in  most  measurements  is  less  less  than  one  two- 
thousandth  of  an  inch. 

Be  tore  you  decide  on  the  purchase  of  a  cream  separa¬ 
tor  be  sure  to 


See  and  Try 
a  DE  LAVAL 

It  will  be  only  a  question  of  time  before  you  get  a 
DE  LAVAL  anyway,  so  why  not  save  yourself  a  lot  of 
costly  separator  experience  by  starting  right  with  the 
DE  LAVAL? 


The  De  Laval  Separator  Co. 


I6S-I67  Broadway 
NEW  YORK 


29  E.  Madison  Stroot 
CHICACO 


Drumm  &  Sacramento  Sts, 
SAN  FRANCISCO 


173-177  William  Stroot 
E MONTREAL  “ 


|4  &  16  Princess  Street 
WINNIPEG 


IOI6  Western  Avenue 
SEATTLE 


Use  Indestructible  Hameless  Horse  and  Mule  Collars 


Prevent  and  cure  sore  shoulders.  No  hames,  pads  or  straps;  stronger, 
lignter,  better.  Made  of  metal  and  zinc  coated.  Guaranteed  not  to  rust  in 
any  climate.  Adjustable  in  size  to  fit  animal  if  spring  fat  or  fall  poor. 
■Holds  it  s  shape.  Cheaper  because  everlasting.  Easy  to  put  on  and  take  oil. 

YEAR’S  FREE  TRIAL 

endorsed  by  veterinaries  and  team  owners  as  the  only  collar  fit  to  use  on 
horse  or  mule.  Used  by  City  Fire  Departments  and  U.  S.  Government.  Sold 
direct  where  dealer  does  not  handle  them.  Good  agents  wanted.  Address 
JOHNSTON-SLOCUM  CO.,  708  State  Street.  CARO.  MICHIGAN 

— 1  —  —  - - 


Do  Both  r  Machine 


Anyone  can  Clip 


Clip  Horses 

Before  the  spring  work 
I  begins,  clip  off  the  long  win¬ 
ter  coat  of  hair.  Your  horses 
|  will  sweat  less,  they  will  dry 
off  quickly  at  night  and  get 
better  rest.  They  will  get 
I  more  good  from  their  feed, 
I  feel  better,  look  better,  and 
do  better  work. 


with  this  machine 

It  turns  easy,  clips  fast  and  will 
last  a  lifetime.  This 

Stewart  Ball  Bearing 
Clipping  Machine 

has  all  gears  cut  from  steel, 
file  hard  and  enclosed  and  pro¬ 
tected  from  dust  and  dirt.  They 
run  constantly  in  oil.  Clips  both 
horses  and  cows  without  change. 

There  is  6  feet  of  new  style, 
easy  ruuning  flexible  shaft  on 
OWS  this  machine  and  the  famous 
ri.  „  ,  ,  , ,  Stewart  single  tension  nut  clip- 

Clip  the  flanks  and  udders  • _ i  _:r  •  r  ^ 

Jcverythreeorfourweeks.lt  ptflg  Kniie.  Jr  TlCC  Oi  Illci-  C  A 

bVfore"  mTikftg?rnsPuresS  chine  complete  is  only  /*ou 

I  OneIjar^Sda/rytcompany>re-  CHICAGO  FLEXIBLE  SHAFT  CO. 

cently  purchased  100  Stewart  ,  1-3  .  o  11  a  •  . 

|  machines  for  its  stables.  140  La  oalle  Ave.  Chicago 


Get  one 
from 
your 
dealer 
or  send 
$2  and 
we  will 
ship 

C.  O.  D. 

for  the 
balance. 

Sent] 
today 
for  new 
1911 
cata¬ 
logue 


83-4 


THK  RURAIi  NEW-YORKER 


March  11, 


MANURE  SPREADER  NOTES. 

I  would  like  to  state  a  few  facts  in  an¬ 
swer  to  Albert  H.  De  Graff,  Jefferson  Co., 
N.  Y.,  concerning  both  sides  of  a  manure 
spreader.  I  have  one,  70  bushel  size,  and 
used  it  for  from  300  to  500  loads  per  year 
for  the  last  five  years.  I  have  expended  50 
cents  for  a  lever  that  a  horse  ran  into  and 
broke.  The  spreader  is  ready  now  for  use, 
and  always  has  been,  doing  the  work  better 
and  easier.  On  sod  ground  I  use  two  horses, 
on  mellow  ground  three,  and  they  handle  it 
as  easily  as  three  horses  can  handle  a  corn 
harvester  in  good  corn.  The  spreader  is 
now  in  good  repair,  and  looks  as  if  it  had 
not  had  over  one-third  of  its  life.  How¬ 
ever,  I  take  what  I  should  call  sensible 
care  of  it,  keeping  it  stored,  greased,  all 
bolts  and  nuts  tight ;  do  not  let  it  stand  in 
sun  and  storm  very  long ;  in  short,  I  give 
it  the  same  care  that  I  give  all  my  other 
tools.  Manure  spreaders  are  very  common 
around  here,  and  are  represented  by  many 
kinds.  All  are  giving  entire  satisfaction, 
with  the  exception  of  one,  and  that  is  the 
one  that  stands  out  under  the  sky  rusting 
and  rotting  as  fast  as  possible.  I  firmly  be¬ 
lieve  that  anyone  who  buys  a  new  spreader 
and  takes  care  of  it  will  be  well  satisfied. 

Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y.  R.  B.  mason. 

The  Spreader  Pays. 

I  read  with  interest  Mr.  De  Graff’s  arti¬ 
cle  on  page  196  on  the  manure  spreader. 
1  am  sorry  he  was  so  unfortunate  with  his 
machine,  as  we  have  used  ours  (50  bushel 
size)  four  years,  and  I  think  $5  would  cover 
all  repairs,  and  those  were  breakages 
caused  by  accidents.  Our  machine  stands 
outside  for  good  half  of  the  year,  and  ex¬ 
cepting  when  the  snow  is  real  deep  we  use 
it  almost  daily.  We  sometimes  wind  log 
chains  around  the  drive  wheels  to  prevent 
slipping.  A  yoke  of  oxen  are  used  chiefly 
to  handle  it;  two  1,100  pound  horses  handle 
it  easily  on  dry  sod  ground.  When  snow 
is  too  deep  to  use  it  we  draw  manure  out 
in  large  piles  and  spread  in  Spring.  This 
makes  extra  work  handling,  but  we  think  it 
pays.  A  man  who  owns  one  just  like  ours 
says  during  last  Winter  (1910)  he  had  to 
use  a  sled  only  one  week  during  the  Win¬ 
ter,  and  in  the  Winter  of  1909  only  three 
days,  and  in  1908  he  used  his  spreader 
every  day.  We  use  ours  to  spread  lime  and 
the  manure  from  about  20  head  of  cattle 
and  nine  horses.  Our  spreader  empty 
weighs  1,600  pounds.  It  holds  50  bushels, 
which  would  probably  weigh  2,000  pounds 
of  manure  as  it  averages.  We  have  never 
broken  a  link  or  slat,  and  it  shows  very 
little  wear.  Our  drive  wheels  never  trouble 
us  about  slipping  only  on  snow.  Renting 
spreaders  is  unknown  here.  We  wouldn't 
farm  without  a  spreader  any  more  than  a 
grain  binder.  Of  course  it  would  pay  to 
house  it.  E-  c.  s> 

Pennsylvania. 

This  One  Works  Well. 

On  page  196  A.  H.  De  Graff  has  given 
his  experience  with  the  manure  spreader, 
which  I  think  is  about  the  same  conclu¬ 
sion  that  most  of  the  people  have  come  to, 
but  for  fear  one  article  may  discourage 
some  one  who  has  not  used  them  I  wish  to 
add  my  experience  with  them.  Six  years 
ago  last  Fall  1  bought  the  first  spreader 
that  was  ever  bought  in  this  town,  and 
although  it  was  some  little  trouble  t<3  learn 
to  operate  and  adjust  we  soon  got  it,  and 
now  for  the  past  three  years  there  has 
never  been  a  bi'eak  or  one  cent  of  repairs, 
nor  one  moment  of  time  spent  in  adjust¬ 
ment;  nothing  to  do  but  oil  it  once  in  a 
while,  and  let  me  say  here  that  is  very 
important  with  them.  We  use  it  about 
10  or  12  days  in  Spring  and  Fall  and  have 
let  our  neighbors,  three  or  four  of  them, 
each  have  it  longer  than  we  have  it.  There 
is  onlv  one  lever  to  operate  that  throws 
it  in  ‘and  out  of  gear,  and  regulates  the 
feed  at  the  same  time  as  little  or  much  as 
you  want,  and  you  cannot  break  the  ma¬ 
chine  in  moving  the  lever  either  way  at  any 
time,  nor  stop  our  team.  We  use  it  with 
two  horses  of  1,100  pounds  on  level 
ground,  hut  when  the  land  is  soft  we  have 
thills  and  put  on  three  horses.  It  holds 
55  bushels,  and  I  never  saw  our  wheels 
slip,  although  we  do  not  attempt  to  spread 
when  the  ground  is  icy.  It  will  work  in 
the  snow  a  foot  deep  or  more,  and  runs 
easier  than  the  same  load  would  do  on  a 
wagon,  for  the  reason  that  the  wheels  do 
not  sink  in  the  ground.  Generally  there 
are  but  a  very  few  days  that  we  could  not 
use  it,  and  at  these  times  we  let  the  man¬ 
ure  accumulate  for  a  short  time,  but  we 
never  go  back  to  the  old  wagon  or  sleigh. 
We  got  it  to  do  all  the  spreading  and  it 
does  it  without  any  "swear  words.”  It 
certainly  is  a  pleasure  to  hitch  to  such  a 
machine,  but  I  find  that  about  three-quar¬ 
ters  of  the  people  who  have  a  spreader  are 
getting  about  as  much  fun  out  of  them 
as  Mr.  De  Graff. 

Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y.  A.  R.  pennell. 


EXERCISE  FOR  DAIRY  COWS. 

You  ask  my  experience  in  the  matter  of 
exercise  for  cows.  Briefly,  our  animals 
always  suffer  when  deprived  of  it.  When 
we  built  our  new  barn  I  wrote  to  Prof. 
I.  T.  Roberts,  of  Cornell,  asking  about  his 
covered  shed,  where  the  Cornell  herd  ex¬ 
ercises  in  comfort  under  shelter.  He  re¬ 
plied  that  unless  I  was  willing  to  dishorn 
the  herd  it  would  not  work,  and  added  that 
many  farmers  stabled  their  cows  in  Winter, 
and  that  they  did  not  appear  to  suffer  from 
it.  I  read  about  this  time  of  another  famous 
herd  near  Philadelphia,  where  the  cows 
were  never  turned  out,  but  wallowed  in 
filth  and  bedding  by  way  of  enriching  the 
fields  that  supported  them.  Then  a  young 
landscape  artist  was  wafted  our  way  to  give 
advice  about  “Art  on  the  Farm.”  “Barn¬ 
yards?  Do  not  have  such  unsightly  things. 
The  best  barns  have  eliminated  them.  They 
are  unnecessary.” 

In  the  end  we  moved  into  our  new  quar¬ 
ters  in  January,  and  the  barnyard  had  not 
been  made.  We  were  obliged  to  stable  the 
whole  Winter.  We  paid  dear.  When  Spring 
came  not  an  animal  was  in  calf ;  not  a  cow 
came  in  season.  The  bull,  too,  lost  his 
vigor,  and  when  Spring  came  appeared  to 
be  worthless.  The  small  calves  wouldn’t 
eat  and  the  smallest  died.  Some  of  the 
Spring  cows  appeared  to  have  a  great  deal 
of  fever  and  pain  in  their  hoofs,  caused 
probably  by  indigestion  combined  with 


standing  on  board  floors.  We  built  our 
first  barnyard  as  soon  as  we  could  drive 
the  posts  next  Spring,  and  since  then  have 
added  four  more,  all  communicating  with 
the  barn.  In  Summer  all  are  in  use,  and 
in  Winter  whenever  the  weather  permits. 
We  are  on  the  top  of  a  windy  hill,  1,000 
feet  above  sea  level,  in  the  temperature  of 
Bar  Harbor.  Do  the  best  we  can,  the  herd 
is  stabled  for  days  at  a  time.  The  cows 
give  more  milk  at  such  times,  but  it  is  not 
good  for  them,  and  they  are  overjoyed  to 
get  out.  Spring  calves  are  usually  larger 
and  quite  as  strong  as  Fall,  calves,  but  if 
accidents  at  calving  time  occur,  they  are 
apt  to  come  toward  Spring,  when  the 
muscles  are  flabby. 

Our  cows  stand  in  the  sun  all  day ;  the 
barn  is  well  ventilated  by  a  King  system 
that  works  perfectly.  They  are  brushed 
a  good  deal  to  keep  the  skin  in  order. 
The  more  they  are  brushed  the  better  they 
are.  If  I  could  got  them  out  into  the  yards 
daily  they  could  do  with  much  less.  They 
are  always  bright-eyed,  and  we  are  free 
from  tuberculosis  and  abortion.  But  they 
owe  it  to  the  fact  that  from  the  first  pos¬ 
sible  day  in  Spring  to  the  last  in  Fall 
they  are  every  day  on  pasture  and  every 
day  fed  in  the  barn. 

My  friends  who  have  registered  bulls  tell 
me  that  their  animals  rarely  come  out  of 
their  box  stalls  the  year  around,  and  re¬ 
main  healthy  and  fit  year  after  year.  I 
have  in  mind  a  great  herd  where  the  nulls 
have  a  small  yard  in  which  each  bull  takes 
his  turn  on  his  own  day  in  rotation.  I 
could  never  accomplish  it.  We  have  built 
a  four-acre  paddock  for  our  herd  bull, 
where  he  lives  all  Summer  with  a  com¬ 
panion  or  two  to  keep  him  contented.  As 
long  as  he  can  be  trusted  behind  five 
strands  of  barbed  wire,  all  goes  well ;  but 
when  the  time  comes  to  restrict  his  liberty 
he  soon  becomes  useless.  Cows  get  on 
in  stanchions  better  than  calves.  Spring 
calves  confined  during  Winter  are  apt  to 
be  just  the  size  in  Spring  they  were  when 
stabled  in  the  Fall.  We  have  made  a  set 
of  box  stalls  for  our  Spring  calves  in  which 
they  can  jump  *and  even  run  a  little.  I 
used  poultry  wire  so  as  to  have  as  much 
light  and  air  as  possible.  It  is  renewed 
as  it  gives  way.  The  calves  do  very  well 
indeed  in  these  quarters  and  keep  clean. 
When  next  Spring  comes  I  am  going  to  re¬ 
model  the  baby  calf  house,  filling  the  south 
end  with  windows  to  catch  every  bit  of 
sunlight  and  using  artificial  heat  during 
the  cold  snaps.  I  shall  put  in  King  ventila¬ 
tion,  and  build  a  little  raised  platform, 
very  warm  and  snug,  where  the  infants 
can  sleep.  In  this  way  I  think  I  shall 
eliminate  the  losses  of  Winter  calves  which 
have  heretofore  followed  each  cold  wave. 
There  will  be  plenty  of  space  for  them  then 
to  run  and  jump  all  day.  Little  calves  love 
to  jump.  In  short  fresh  air,  sunlight  and 
exercise  are  the  foundation  of  our  success. 

FANNY  MORRIS  SMITH. 


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Low-Down  Steel  Wheel  Wagons 

Are  fast  replacing  the  high  farm  wagons  for 
general  farm  work.  The  reason  is  plain.  The 
Low-Down  wagon  makes  easier  work  for  the 
man  and  no  harder  for  the  team.  One  man 
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1500  MEN  THROUGHOUT  THE  U.  S 
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We  want  one  man  in  each  unoccupied  locality  to  take 
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THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


c-^6 


HANDY  POULTRY  HOUSE. 

Paht  I. 

More  farmers  and  poultrymen,  in  a 
small  way,  make  a  failure  of  chickens 
because  of  a  neglect  of  nature  than  from 
any  other  cause.  Too  many  who  contem¬ 
plate  raising  a  few  hundred,  believe  that 
the  only  way  is  to  have  an  incubator  and 
brooder.  They  should  get  rid  of  that  no¬ 
tion  if  they  want  to  get  started  right.  I 
gain  nothing  by  championing  natural  in¬ 
cubation.  It  is  my  aim  to  state  plainly 
what  I  have  done  and  what  can  be  done 
by  the  average  farmer.  This  is  written 
to  farmers  and  for  farmers  and  not  for 
the  benefit  of  large  commercial  poultry- 
men.  The  owner  of  such  a  plant  would 
latigh  at  the  idea  of  hatching  his  stock 
by  the  natural  method,  ana  yet,  I  believe, 
it  could  be  done  without  much*.difficulty 
and  with  increased  vitality  of  stock  reared 
by  the  natural  method.  What  I  wish  to 
emphasize  is  that  any  farmer  can  add  a 
few  hundred  dollars  to  his  income  by 
keeping  200  hens  and  giving  fnem  right 
care.  The  market  is  always  here.  The 
thing  to  do  is  to  get  the  product.  Fifteen 
to  20  dozen  eggs  to  sell  each  week  will 
go  a  long  way  toward  paying  the  weekly 
grocery  bill.  The  product  can  be  sold 
at  the  door  in  nine-tenths  of  the  homes 
in  New  England  and  at  good  prices.  I 
am  selling  year-old  roosters,  fattened 
and  softened  for  special  trade  at  from 
$1.50  to  $2  each. 

My  equipment  consists  only  of  such 
houses  and  coops  as  anyone  can  build  at 
small  cost  and  the  initial  cost  is  what 
must  be  kept  down.  Don’t  spend  a  lot  of 
money  for  fancy  houses,  etc.  Common 
sense  is  a  valuable  thing  in  .the  poultry 
business.  Simplicity  is  the  idea  to  keep 
in  mind.  Hens  do  not  appreciate  silver 
platters  or  gold-plated  drinking  vessels. 
The  V-shaped  trough,  made  at  an  ex¬ 
pense  of  five  cents,  is  just  as  good  as  the 
elaborate  automatic?  dry-mash  feeders 
and  fountains  advertised  at  from  $1.50  to 
$10  each.  Go  into  the  chicken  business 
to  make  money.  Use  common  sense, 
just  the  same  as  you  do  in  planting  pota¬ 
toes.  Don’t  be  afraid  to  feed  them  after 
they  are  four  days  old  and  you’ll  get 
the  dollars. 

In  Fig.  108  is  shown  a  properly  con¬ 
structed  series  of  nests  for  15  sitting 
hens.  This  miniature  house  is  19  feet 
long,  floor  20  inches  wide,  16  inches  un¬ 


der  eaves  at  back  and  20  inches  in  front. 
It  is  partitioned  off  into  15  nest  boxes, 
each  20x14  inches.  The  doors  are  hinged 
at  top  with  a  screen  door  hinge.  When 
raised  it  remains  up  and  when  down  the 
spring  holds  it  shut.  Put  a  fence  all 
around  this  incubator,  allow  the  hens  to 
come  off  once  a  day  to  eat  and  wallow 
in  the  dirt,  and  they  will  go  back,  nine 
times  in  ten,  all  right.  Break  hens  to 
nest  by  using  china  eggs.  Take  48  hours 
to  break  them  in.  If  any  hens  prove  dis¬ 
satisfied  after  two  days,  remove  them  and 
put  in  others.  Don’t  try  to  move  a  hen 
to  a  new  nest  until  she  gets  the  fever 
badly.  She  will  then  sit  anywhere. 


even  on  the  ground.  The  material  for 
this  incubator  cost  $5.  It  can  be  built 
in  one  day  and  it  holds  225  eggs,  15 
under  each  hen.  I  build  all  my  colony 
houses  on  this  same  plan  with  nests 
under  the  dropping  boards. 

Fig.  109  illustrates  the  ideal  brooding 
coop  for  a  hen  and  15  chicks.  This  coop 
beats  a  coop  with  vertical  walls,  because 
the  chicks  can  crawl  away  back  close 


between  the  roof  and  floor,  where  the 
hen  can’t  step  on  them.  Five  to  10  per 
cent,  more  chicks  can  be  raised  in  coops 
of  this  kind  than  in  the  others.  They 
ar  a  little  harder  to  clean,  but,  on  the 
whole,  are  the  best. 

Fig.  110  shows  my  sectional  colony 
and  laying  house  in  sections.  It  is  5x9 
feet.  For  first  section  floor  take  two 
2x3x9  as  sills  and  nail  on  the  matched 


SECTIONAL  COLONY  HOUSE.  Fig.  110. 


flooring,  which  has  been  cut  into  5-foot 
lengths.  For  the  second  section  front, 
take  two  2x2x9  for  the  front,  lay  them 
down  on  the  floor,  flush  with  ends  of 
the  floor  boards.  Take  one  5-foot  length, 
make  the  end  flush  with  the  2x2  and 
nail.  This  will  be  the  top  plate  after 
the  wall  is  raised.  Go  to  the  other  end 
of  the  floor  and  tack  on  the  length  at  the 
other  end,  squaring  before  nailing.  Now 
for  bottom  plate,  which  rests  on  floor; 
slip  in  the  plate  one  inch  from  end  of 
floor  boards  and  nail  to  bottom  plate, 
squaring.  Continue  to  nail  on  the  boards 
for  the  front  wall,  allowing  each  board 
to  lap  over  the  plate  one  inch,  so  that 
when  set  up  it  will  not  slip.  The  ex¬ 
tended  boards  form  a  kind  of  flange,  as 
can  be  seen  by  studying  the  cut.  The 
rear  wall  is  similarly  made,  only  four- 
foot  lengths  of  boards  are  used,  instead 
of  five,  as  in  front.  It  is  best  to  saw 
the  holes  for  the  nests  first,  say,  the 
four- foot  boards  on- the  floor  and  match 
them  up,  keeping  top  ends  even,  then 
skip  first  board  at  east  end,  from  that 
measure  nine  inches  and  mark  out.  Then 
skip  space  of  four  inches  and  mark  out 
another,  and  so  on  until  the  number  of 
doors  you  want  for  nests  is  marked  out. 
Then  number  each  board  from  left  to 
right  and  unmatch  and  saw  out  the 
pieces,  numbering  the  pieces  in  each 
door  so  as  to  keep  them  separate.  After 
they  are  sawed  out  nail  two  cleats  over 
the  pieces  to  hold  them  together  and 
hinge  with  wire  screen  hinge  to  the  rear 
wall,  each  in  its  proper  place  and  they 
will  fit.  w.  H.  TOMLINSON. 

(  To  be  continued  I 


'H 


ERE’S  a  fair  and  square  proposition  to  every  man  who 
owns,  breeds  or  works  horses.  We  offer  to  tell  you  how 
to  cure  any  horse  of  lameness— absolutely  free.  We  offer 
you  without  one  cent  of  charge,  the  advice  of  one  of 
America’s  leading  specialists  on  the  lameness  of  horses.  Many 
a  good  horse,  temporarily  lame,  is  sold  for  almost  nothing,  be¬ 
cause  the  owner  does  not  know  how  to  go  about  getting  rid  of  the 
lameness.  Don’t  let  your  horse  sufTer— don’t  sell  him  for  a  few  dollars— ask  us  to 
tell  you  how  to  remove  the  lameness  safely,  surely  and  quickly.  See  Illustration 
of  horse  below  and  read  paragraph,  “Free  Diagnosis  Coupon.” 

Mack's  $1,000  Spavin  Remedy  is  Guaranteed 

to  quickly  and  permanently  relieve  the  very  worst  case  of  Bone  or  Bog  Spavin, 
Ringbone,  Thoroughpin,  Curb,  Capped  Hock,  Shoe  Boil,  Sprung  Knee,  Lacerated 
and  Ruptured  Tendons,  Sweeny  and  all  other  forms  of  lameness  affecting  a  horse. 
It’s  a  powerful  remedy  that  goes  right  to  the  bottom  of  the  trouble  and  quickly 
restores  natural  conditions  in  the  bones,  muscles  and  tendons— cures  the  lameness 
in  just  a  few  days  to  stay  cured  and  the  animal  may  be  worked  as  usual. 
Contains  nothing  that  can  injure  the  horse  and  heals  without  leaving  scar,  blem¬ 
ish  or  loss  of  hair.  We  positively  guarantee  every  bottle  of  Mack’s  $1,000  Spavin 
Remedy;  if  it  fails,  you  get  back  every  cent  you  paid  for  it  as  stated  in  our  $1,000 
Warranty  Bond.  W  rite  us  today  and  get  our  free  diagnosis.  Don’t  let  anyono 
blister”  or  fire”  because  sucli  methods  are  positively  cruel,  inhuman,  extremely 
painful,  always  leave  a  big  scar  and  seldom  do  any  good.  Use  Mack’s  $1,000  Spavin 
Remedy  to  remove  the  lameness  quickly  and  without  a  bit  of  pain. 


Relieves  Cases  Formerly  Considered  incurable 


No  matter  liow  long  your  horse  hasbeen  lame,  or 
What  the  nature  of  his  lameness,  you  can  absolute¬ 
ly  rely  upon  Mack’s  Si OOO  Spavin  Remedy. 
We  know  of  many  cases  where  horse  owners  have 
paid  out  big  fees  and  had  valuable  animals  tortured 
with  “firing,”  “blistering”,  and  other  good-for- 
nothing  methods  and  as  a  last  resort  tried  Mack’s 
81000  Spavin  Remedy,  and  were  amazed  at 
the  painless,  positive,  quick  and  permanent  cure. 
It  does  not  leave  any  scar,  blemish  or  loss  of  hair— 
absolutely  no  mark  to  show  that  the  animal  has 
ever  been  lame.  Safe  to  use  on  any  horse,  old  or 
young.  It’s  the  surest  remedy  money  can  buy,  and 
It’s  the  only  spavin  remedy  In  the  world  that  Is  ab¬ 
solutely  guaranteed  by  a 

$1,000  Warranty  Bond 

Write  for  a  sample  of  this  bond  and  other  value- 
able  information  about  lame  horses.  Mailed  free 
upon  request. 

Your  Druggist  Will  Obtain 
Mack’s  $1,000  Spavin 
Remedy  For  You— 

If  you  ask  him.  Price  $5.  per  bottle.  If  he  re¬ 
fuses,  remit  $5.00  to  us  and  we  will  see  that  your 
order  is  filled  without  delay. 

No  matter  where,  when  or  from  whom  you  buy 
Mack’s  81000  Spavin  Remedy  the  price  is 
the  same.  Every  bottle  is  absolutely  guaranteed, 
and  is  accompanied  by  our  81000  Warranty  Bond, 
which  insures  you  that  your  money  will  bo  refund¬ 
ed  If  the  remedy  fails  to  do  all  we  claim  for  it,  as 
stated  in  our  guaranty. 

Do  not  accept  a  substitute,  for  there  is  no  other 
remedy  like  Mack’s  $1000  Spavin  Remedy— nothing 
so  powerful  and  sure  to  cure.  It  stands  supreme  as 
a  remedy  in  all  forms  of  lameness. 

McKALLOR  DRUB  COMPANY 
Binghamton,  N.  Ym 


On  picture 
of  horse 
xuark  with 
an  X  just 
whoro  swell¬ 
ing  or  lame¬ 
ness  occurs, 
then  clip  out 
coupon  and 
mail  to  us  with 
a  letter,  telling 
what  caused 
the  lameness, 
how  long  horso 
has  been  lame, 
how  it  effects 
the  animal's 
gait,  ago  of 
horse,  etc. 

Wo  will  tell  you  just  what  tho  lamonoss  is,  and  how  to 
relieve  it  quickly.  Absolutely  no  charge*  Write  today. 

Free  Book— “Horse  Sense" 

Send  us  the  Free  Diagnosis  Coupon,  get  abso¬ 
lutely  free  a  copy  of  our  book  “Horse-Sense.” 
Describes  and  Illustrates  diseases  of  horses 
limbs,  shows  correct  name  for  every  part  of 
horse  and  tells  valuable  facts  every  horse 
owner  ought  to  know.  ^  jj j 


The  Planet  Jr  No  72  two- 
row  Pivot- Wheel  Cultivator,  Plow,  Furrowerand 
Ridger  is  the  greatest  implement  ever  invented  for  saving  time  and 
money  on  large  crpps. 

Works  two  rows  at  one  passage,  all  widths  from  28  to 
44  inches, — and  what’s  more,  works  crooked  rows,  and  rows 
of  irregular  width  ;  and  surprises  everyone  in  check-rows. 
Cultivates  crops  up  to  5  feet  high.  Covers  two  furrows 
of  manure,  potatoes  or  seed  at  a  time.  Never  leaves 
open  furrows  next  to  plants.  The  Planet  Jr  is  designed 
and  built  by  a  practical  farmer  and  manufacturer.  It 
simplifies  the  work  and  prepares  for  big  results. 
Strong,  compact  and  lasting.  Fully  guaranteed. 

Write  today  for  19  n  illustrated  catalogue  of  all 
Planet  Jrs,  including  55  kinds  of  horse  and 
band  implements  for  every  farm  and  gar¬ 
den  need.  Mailed  free. 

S  L  Allen  &  Co 
Box  1107V  Philadelphia  Paf 


t 


i 

f, 

\ 


Sell  One  Horse 


And  for  the  selling  price  buy  a  wagon  that  will  pull  one  horse  lighter. 
That  is  if  you  are  now  using  three  farm  horses  you  can  get  along  with 
two;  if  you  are  using  four,  three  will  do  your  work  with  a 


Davenport  Roller  -  Bearing  Steel  Wagon 


The  Roller  Bearing. 


5000  Pounds  Capacity 


30%  to  50% 
Lighter  Draft 


Think  of  what  that  means  to  you.  More  trips,  easier  trips,  fewer  horses, 
or  larger  loads,  with  the  same  horses  and  help..  Anyway  you  figure 
it,  it  is  a  money-saving  and  a  money-making  proposition  for  you. 

In  the  Davenport  you  have  a  wagon  guaranteed  for  5000  pounds  capacity,  with  gears 
of  solid  steel,  rolled  into  the  strongest  forms  known  and  trussed  like  the  modern  steel 
bridge.  The  wheels  are  steel  with  strong,  round  spokes  forged  solidly  into  the  hubs  and 
hot  riveted  into  the  tires.  There  is  nothing  to  dry  out,  rot,  shrink  or  work  loose.  No  tires 
to  reset,  no  breakdowns,  no  repairs.  Oil  without  removing  the  wheels.  Let  us  tell  you  all  the 
facts.  You  should  know  what  these  advantages  really  mean  to  you.  Then  you  won’t  be 
content  till  you  own  a  Davenport.  It  will  give  you  more  than  twice  the  service  of  the 
best  wooden  wagon  made.  And  it  costs  about  the  same  Now  write  for  Package  No.36.  ~ 

Davenport  Wagon  Company,  Davenport,  Iowa 


33tt 


STHIS  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  11, 


SUMMER  SILAGE  WITHOUT  A  SILO. 

Cured  in  the  Stack. 

PART  L 

The  problem  of  Summer  feeding, 
either  to  take  the  place  of  pasture  en¬ 
tirely,  or  to  supplement  it,  is  not  a  new 
one,  but  there  are  different  ways  of 
handling  it,  some  of  which  may  be  of 
interest  to  beginners,  who  are  not  so 
fortunate  as  to  have  a  silo  full  of  corn 
for  the  coming  season.  Pasture  is  often 
worse  than  nothing,  as  without  it,  one 
is  forced  to  provide  other  feed,  while 
depending  on  pasture  alone  is  often  at¬ 
tended  with  great  loss  during  a  dry  sea¬ 
son  ;  and  there  are  few  indeed,  who  are 
making  dairying  an  important  part  of 
their  business,  who  can  afford  to  depend 
on  pasture  alone  for  their  Summer  feed. 
Making  provision  for  a  continuous  sup¬ 
ply  of  green  feed  throughout  the  season, 
to  be  cut  and  hauled  almost  daily,  re¬ 
quires  some  judgment.  After  one  fol¬ 
lows  it  a  season  through,  he  has  gained 
considerable  experience,  and  there  are 
times  when  other  work  is  pressing, 
which  is  frequent  enough,  that  the  ad¬ 
vantage  of  having  a  good  supply  of  si¬ 
lage  on  hand  is  very  evident.  While 
soiling  was  far  better  than  depending  on 
pasture,  one  season  of  it  was  enough  to 
satisfy  us,  and  we  determined  to  make 
some  other  arrangepient  for  the  next 
Summer.  In  the  first  place,  we  found 
that  peas  and  oats  sowed  early,  made  a 
great  deal  better  growth  than  sowings 
made  later  for  succession ;  therefore,  the 
next  year  we  sowed  all  the  peas  and 
oats  as  early  as  possible,  and  in  what  we 
figured  as  sufficient  quantity  to  carry  us 
until  silage  corn  would  be  ready  to  feed. 
It  was,  probably,  rather  a  foolish  thing 
to^do,  but  we  did  not  know  at  that  time, 
that  according  to  some  authorities  on 
such  matters,  legumes  could  not  be  suc¬ 
cessfully  used  for  silage  on  account  of  a 


MOTHER  AND  TWINS.  Fig.  III. 

certain  property  they  contained,  but  we 
never  knew  of  it  until  after  we  had  been 
using  peas  for  Summer  silage  with 
great  satisfaction  for  two  or  three  years, 
and  had  also  used  clover  and  Alfalfa  for 
silage.  The  only  trouble  we  had  was  to 
get  enough  of  it. 

Canada  field  peas  were  sown  broad¬ 
cast,  about  one  to  V/2.  bushei  per  acre, 
and  plowed  under  to  a  good  depth  with 
two  and  three  horses.  They  never 
seemed  to  get  in  too  deep  to  come  up, 
when  the  seed  was  all  right.  Perhaps 
on  heavy  soil  it  would  be  better  to  put 
them  in  shallower.  Just  as  an  occasional 
pea  began  to  show  above  the  surface,  we 
sowed  about  one  bushel  of  oats  per  acre 
and  covered  with  spring-tooth  harrow. 
In  doing  this,  we  cut  off  so  many  of  the 
peas  I  was  sure  the  crop  was  ruined, 
but  the  peas  did  not  mind  anything  so 
small  as  having  their  heads  cut  off,  for 
they  simply  sent  up  two  or  three  more 
shoots  to  take  their  places.  As  an  ex¬ 
periment,  we  sowed  some  corn  and  sun¬ 
flowers  with  the  oats  to  help  hold  up 
the  peas,  and  as  they  grew  up  together, 
the  field  was  a  beautiful  sight,  the  peas 
standing  up  straight  until  quite  large, 
being,  as  we  supposed,  held  up  by  the 
oats  and  sunflowers,  and  were  going  to 
stay  so,  making  nice  work  in  cutting; 
but  the  uselessness  of  planting  anything 
of  the  kind  with  peas  on  good  ground, 
expecting  to  hold  the  vines  up  _  in  that 
way,  was  very  evident  in  gathering  that 
and  other  crops,  for  they  all  went  flat 
together.  Of  course,  where  only  a  peck 
or  so  of  peas  are  sown  to  the  acre,  or 
on  poor  land,  the  peas  are  easily  held  up 
with  oats  or  buckwheat;  in  fact,  can  be 
almost  as  easily  gathered  alone. 

Peas  naturally  grow  up  straight  for  a 
while  anyway,  of  their  own  accord, 
where  sown  thick  enough  to  support  each 
other,  but  on  rich  land,  the  growth  is 


very  heavy,  and  when  to  this  is  added 
the  weight  of  a  rain  and  a  little  wind, 
down  they  go,  peas,  oats,  sunflowers 
and  all,  in  a  thick  mat  on  the  ground, 
even  before  the  pods  are  filled  with  peas' 
which  would  bring  them  down  of  their 
own  weight.  Oats  will  go  down  alone 
on  rich  land,  and  when  peas  take  hold 
of  even  a  big  sunflower  about  the  neck, 
he  is  unable  to  resist.  It  is  the  wrong 
idea  entirely  to  try  to  hold  up  the  pea 
in  this  way  from  the  top,  for  they  are 
bound  to  go  down  if  the  crop  is  heavy. 
The  place  to  work  is  at  the  bottom,  and 
keep  them  from  lying  flat  and  close  to 
the  ground,  where  it  is  almost  impos¬ 
sible  to  cut  them  with  the  mower  or 
even  a  scythe,  with  any  satisfaction ;  and 
with  such  a  heavy  growth  lying  flat  on 
the  ground,  the  leaves  often  rot,  and 
there  is  nothing  left  of  the  lower  part 
but  the  tough  stems,  and  a  great  part 
of  the  feeding  value  of  the  crop  is  lost. 
In  looking  around  for  some  crop  to  sow 
with  peas  that  would  keep  them  off  the 
ground,  far  enough  to  allow  the  mower 
to  cut  below  the  mass  of  vines,  we  found 
that  the  growth  of  rape  on  rich  land 
was  just  what  we  wanted.  The  heavy 
leaves  and  short,  stiff  stalks  of  the  rape 
simply  prevented  the  pea  vines  from 
going  clear  to  the  ground,  and  the  crop 
was  easily  cut.  The  rape  itself  makes 
a  splendid  feed,  and  after  being  cut  off 
in  gathering  the  peas,  even  though  only 
a  short  stub  is  left,  it  soon  starts  in 
leaf  again.  We  usually  commenced  feed¬ 
ing  the  peas  and  oats  in  small  quantities 
while  they  were  still  quite  green,  but  for 
heavy  feeding  and  for  silage,  we  waited 
until  the  peas  were  formed  and  most 
of  the  pods  well  filled.  The  continual 
popping,  popping  of  the  pea  pods,  in  a 
stable  containing  several  cows,  all  busily 
eating  peas,  is  a  pleasant  feature  of  feed¬ 
ing  this  crop,  but  still  more  so  is  the 
fact  that  the  milk  flow  increases,  and 
the  grain  ration  can  be  entirely  dispensed 
\yjth.  ISAAC  C.  ROGERS. 


Jumbo  Combination 
Wire  Stretcher  and  Hoist 

Two  Perfect  Tool*  in  One 

Handiest  device  on  the  farm.  You’ll 
need  it  every  day.  Best  wire  stretcher 
ever  made.  Light  and  easy  to  handle. 

For  hoisting  boxes,  barrels,  machinery, 
baled  hay,  lifting  wagon  box  on  or  off  gear, 
for  butchering,  etc.,  it’s  the  very  toolevery 
farmer  needs. 

The  Heavier  the  Load, 
the  Tighter  the  Grip 

Locks  automatically.  Holds  load  safely 
at  any  point.  Our  patent  lock  shoe  and 
dog  makes  slipping  impossible.  Works 
perfectly  regardless  of  condition  of  rope. 
Good  for  years  and  years  of  hard  wear. 
Fully  guaranteed.  Price,  $2.00  at  dealers,  or 
from  us  express  prepaid. 

We  also  make  Hoists, 

400  lbs.  to  5  tons  capacity. 

Write  at  once  for  our 

Free  Trial  Offer 


HALL  MFG. 
450  Main  St.  . 
Monticello  ^  iowa 


CO. 


C2J 


With 


An 


Sizes 


American 
Saw 
Mill 


This  simple,  light  running 
mill  makes  more  and  better 
lumber  with  less  power  and 
less  help  than  any  other.  You  can 
set  up  and  operate  any  American  mill 
with  the  directions  before  you.  If  you 
have  no  timber,  your  neighbors  have. 
Don’t  let  your  engine  lie  idle. 

124-Page  Book,  Free 

Containing  valuable  suggestions  about 
the  care  of  saws,  fully  describing  the  tea- 
tures  that  make  our  mills  best,  giving 
prices  and  guaranty  and  full  information 
about  our  Wood  Saws,  Shingle  Ma¬ 
chines  and  other  wood  working  ma¬ 
chinery.  Write  for  book  today. 

American  Saw  Mill  Machinery  Co. 

N.  J. 

ork 


THERE  is 


no  drudgery  on  the  farm 

equipped  with  David  Bradley  implements.  There  is  a 
joy  in  plowing  with  a  perfect  tool.  The  science  and  skill 
of  David  Bradley  have  been  making  prosperous  and  happy 
farmers  for  eighty  years. 

C  Bradley  Quality  is  the  standard  at  which  all  others  aim. 
You  are  sure  of  getting  it  only  in  David  Bradley  imple¬ 
ments — the  only  standard  implements  sold  from  factory 
to  consumer  direct  at  one-profit  prices. 

DAVID  BRADLEY  IDEAL  $1  C95  UP 
DISC  HARROWS,  IJ— 

Made  in  all  sizes;  solid  or  cut  out ;  16,  18  and 
20-inch  discs,  with  tongue  or  tongueless  with 
the  celebrated  Bradley  oscillating  tongue  truck. 

The  Strongest  and  Most  Up 
to  Date  Disc  Harrow 
Money  Can  Buy. 

Strong  truss  steel 

frame  with  levers  con¬ 
veniently  placed;  con¬ 
nect  in  g  bar  s  from  levers 
to  discs  run  under  a 
heavy  steel  adjustable 
yoke,  holding  discs  level 
to  cut  a  uniform  depth. 
-  Oscillating  spring 

steel  scrapers,  operated  by  foot  levers,  clean  the  entire  disc.  Ihrow-off 
levers  on  each  scraper  section  enable  the  operator  to  raise  scraper  from 
discs  at  any  time  with  team  in  motion.  Saves  wear  and  lightens  draft 
when  scrapers  are  not  needed. 


Disc  bearings  run  in  dustproof  oil  soaked  maple  lined  boxings,  with  oil  tubes 
extending  up  through  one-piece  pressed  steel  weight  boxes. 

Discs  are  finest  quality  steel,  sharp  and  specially  temperedTo  hold  an  edge,  but 
not  so  brittle  as  to  break. 

The  Bradley  Patent  Spring  Seat  Post  makes  the  Ideal  the  easiest  ing  of  0  ll  disc 
harrows.  Savesdriver  the  jolt  and  jar  common  to  other  makes,  while  the  low  down  lute 
relieves  team  of  neck  weight.  The  most  humane  tool  of  its  kind  for  both  man  and  team. 

([Refer  to  our  big  General  Catalog  for  pictures,  complete 
descriptions  and  prices  of  David  Bradley  Plows,  Harrows, 
Planters,  Cultivators,  etc.,  the  farm  tools  backed  by  eighty 
years  of  knowing  how;  or  send  today  for  our  Book  of  David 
Bradley  Farm  Implements. 

We  can  always  supply  promptly  any  repair  part  for  any  Bradley 
implement,  no  matter  when  or  where  bought. 


SEARS.ROEBUCK 


AND  CQ 
CHICAGO' 


Palmer  6  H.P. 
Sawing'  Outfit 


With  the  above  outfit, 
Where  can  you  invest 
$14.50.  24-in.  Saws.  $4.1 

PUMPING  ENGINES 

PALMER  BROS. 


HAY  HOISTERS. 


MARINE  ENGINES. 


Coscob,  Conn. 


COW  COMFORT 

Means  additional  profit.  Simple 
durable,  easily  locked.  Foster 
Steel  Stanchions  cannot  be 
opened  by  the  cattle.  Top  and  bot¬ 
tom  chains  permit  free  head  move¬ 
ment,  .standing  or  lying  down,  yet 
keep  cattle  lined  up  and  clean. 
Write  for  new  booklet  showing 
model  stables. 

Foster  Steel  Stanchion  Co., 

906  Ins.  Bldg.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


Send  for  my  booklet 
and  learn  why  these  fas¬ 
teners  are  being  installed 
in  the  stables  of  many 


PUBLIC 

INSTITUTIONS 


WALLACE  B.  CRUMB,  Box  M4,  Forestvllle,  Conn. 


EXCELSIOR  SWING  STANCHION 

Warranted  The  Best.  30  Days’  Trial 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  when  open 
Noiseless  Simple  Sanitary  Durable 

Tlie  Wasson  Stanchion  Co., 
Box  60,  Cuba,  N.  Y. 


ROBF.KTSOX’S  CHAIN 
HANGING  STANCHIONS 

“I  have  used  them  for  more 
than  TWENTY  TEA  US,  and  they 
liavo  given  the  very  heat  of  satis- 
fact  on  in  every  way,”  writes 
Justus  H.  Cooley,  M.D.,  Plainfield 
Sanitarium, Plainfield,  N.  J. . 

Thirty  days’  trial  on  application 
O.  II.  ROBERTSON 
Wash.  St.,  Forestvllle,  Conn. 


Death  the  Stomach 
Worms  Guaranteed 

"Wo  will  send  you  100  lba.  of  DR. 
HOLLAND’S  31EDICATKD  STOCK 
SALT  on  60  days’  trial  freight 
prepaid.  If  you  derive  no  benefit, 
It  costs  you  nothing;  If  you  do,  It 
costs  you  $6.00.  Givo  us  your  or¬ 
der  at  once. 

The  HOLLAND  STOCK  REMFDY 
COMPANY,  Wellington,  Ohio. 


Boy 
Can  Work  it 

Accurate,  thorough  cultivation  with  the 
Kraus  Pivot-Axle  bulky  Cultivator  is  only  a 
matter  of  steering ;  not  of  work.  Instead  of 
pulling  and  pushing  the  entire  gang  or  shovels 
from  side  to  sido  as  with  the  ordinary  cultiva¬ 
tor  the  Kraus  is  steered  by  the  slightest  touch 
of  the  foot,  wheels  and  shovels  moving  side- 
wIbo simultaneously,  i ii 0% (V  awb  P 

PIvOT-HaLc 
SULKY 

CULTIVATOR 

Perfect  for  hillsides  or 
crooked  rows.  Instantly 
adjustable  for  width  of 
row  and  depth  and  ankle 
of  shovel.  High  wheeled, 
light  draft,  and  perfectly 
balanced. 

If  your  dealer  doesn’t 
handle  the  Kraus,  don’t 
accept  a  substitute,  wnte 
us.  Catalogue  free. 

AKRON  CULTIVATOR  CO. 
- -  DEPT.  13  AKRON.  OHIO. 


1911. 


337 


T'HE)  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


The  Best  Way  To  ConserveThe 
Natural  Resources  0 f  \our  Faun 

YOUR  land  is  your  biggest  asset.  On  its  power  to  grow  good 
crops  depends  your  very  livelihood.  What  are  you  doing  to 
insurers  continued  fertility — your  future  prosperity? 

There  is  a  great  national  movement  on  foot  now  for  “The 
Conservation  of  Our  Natural  Resources.”  Don’t  think  this  ap¬ 
plies  only  to  our  forests  and  coal  mines.  The  soil,  too,  has  been 
drained  of  its  natural  wealth  by  season  after  season  of  bumper 
crops,  b  or  your  own  good,  join  the  soil  conservation 
movement  now.  Begin  on  your  own  farm.  There  is  a 
practical,  economical,  profitable  way.  Invest  in  an 

I  H  C  Manure  Spreader 

as  hundreds  of  other  farmers  have  done.  By  distribu¬ 
ting  your  manure  with  one  of  these  efficient  machines 
you  can  keep  your  land  always  in  top-notch  condition. 
^Barnyard  manure  is  rich  in  the  elements  that  enrich  the 
soil,  and  an  I  II  C  Manure  Spreader  enables  you  to 
distribute  it  in  the  way  to  use  all  of  it  to  the  best 
advantage.  I  H  C  Spreaders  are  so  designed  that 
the  manure  can  be  spread  in  just  the  right  amount 
'required  by  the  condition  of  the  soil — a  heavy  coat 
where  it  is  most  needed — a  light 
'top  dressing  where  that  is  best. 

They  are  simple  and  strong  in 
every  part.  Their  dependability  has 
been  proved  by  years  of  service. 

IHC  Spreaders  are  made  in  three  styles : 

Kemp  20th  Century 
Corn  King  Cloverleaf 

in  sizes  suitable  for  any  size  farm. 

Call  on  the  IHC  local  dealer  and  see  the  one 
best  adapted  to  your  needs.  Ask  him  about  the 
bigger  profits  I  II  C  Spreaders  are  bringing  to 
users.  If  you  prefer,  write  direct  for  IHC  Spreader 
catalogue  and  full  information. 

International  Harvester  Company  of  America 

(Incorporated) 


I  H  C 

Service  Bureau 

The  purpose  of 
this  Bureau  is  to 
furnish  farmers  with 
information  on  bet¬ 
ter  farming.  If  you 
have  any  worthy 
question  concerning 
soils,  crops,  pests, 
fertilizer,  etc,,  write 
to  the  IHC  Service 
Bureau,  and  learn 
what  our  e  x  p  er  t  s 
and  others  have 
found  out  concern¬ 
ing  those  subjects. 


Chicago 


USA 


5#: 


I 


■  £  f  y’ 


§§§.,  V 


y 


BUSHELS  MORE 

POTATOES 
PER  ACRE 
Where  Planted  With 


MON  ACE 


(Improved  Robbins)  Average  results  obtained  in  a  careful,  thorough  test 

_  -  against  a  “picker”  planter  by  Maine  State  Experimen- 

JrOlfilO  Jl  HiUlaCF  tel  Station,  in. 1910.  Ask  ub  quick  for  tho  proof— we 
i>  .•  .  will  send  yon  now  bona  fide  copy  o  j  their  report  in  r- 

Bulietin  No.  188,  which  will  bo  ready  about  March  15  th.  8how8  exact  results  Also,  com-  1 
panson  of  level  culture,  high  and  moderate  ridging.  100  per  cent,  perfect  planting  is  what  ■; 
you  want— no  doubles,  no  misses,  no  injury  to  seed.  Address,  Man  on  rear  seat  makes  *7* 
BATEMAN  M’F’t)  CO.  Box  J02M  Grcnloch,  N.  J.  corrections  only.  X3F 


/ 


I 


Cow  comfort  and  cow  sanitation  result  in  more 
cow  profits,  and  that  alone  should  induce  any 
farmer  or  dairyman  to  seek  these  conditions.  < 
Louden  Sanitary  Steel  Stalls  anti  Stanch¬ 
ions  double  the  light  and  air  in  a  ham  and  Insure 
perfect  ventilation,  perfect  sanitation— a  result 
impossible  with  any  wooden  equipment.  Yet 

LOUDEN  STALLS  AND  STANCHIONS 

are  actually  cheaper.  Louden  stalls  of  heavy 
tubular  steel,  with  malleable  fittings,  have  no 
flat  surfaces  for  dust  to  accumulate— easy  to  keep 
clean  and  almost  indestructible. 

Louden  stanchions  give  cows  more  comfort 
than  other  makes,  yet  keep  them  perfectly  lined 
up.  Throat  chains  prevent  cows  from  lying 
down  when  milking.  Simple  and  very  durable. 
Latch  easily  opened  or  closed  with  gloved  hand, 
but  can’v  be  opened  by  animal.  Send  today 
for  free  catalogue  of  sanitary,  money-saving 
barn  equipment. 

LOUDEN  MACHINERY  C0U  601  Broadway,  Fairfield,  la.  / 


INTO  DOLLARS 


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FOR  THE  "LAND’S  SAKE"  "K5EM5S* 

You  don’t  need  a  Surveyor.  Get  a 

Bostrom  Improved  Farm  Level  workyouiSS 

THIS  LEVEL  IS  NO  MAKESHIFT.  The  outfit  Includes  Level.  Telescopa 
with  masrnitying  glasses  enabling  you  to  read  the  Target  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
away;  Tripod,  Graduated  Rod, Target  and  Bostrom’s  70  page  book— “Soil  Sal- 
JSJton  rising  the  cream  of  25  years  practical  experience  in  DRAINING. 
TERRACING  and  IRRIGATING,  with  full  instructions  how  to  use  the  Level. 
Simplicity,  Accuracy,  Durability  GUARANTEED.  Used  and  endorsed  in 
every  State  in  the  Union,  also  Canada  and  Mexico.  Shipped  on  receipt  of 
price,  $15.00;  money  back  if  not  satisfied.  Or,  if  preferred,  will  ship  C.  O.  D. 
115.00  and  express  charges,  subject  to  examination.  Shipping  weight  15  lbs. 
IX  not  on  sale  in  your  town,  order  from 

BOSTROM-BRADY  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

323-A  Brunswick  Building'  New  York 


The  flame  of  a  powerful  blow-torch — 
which  is  intense  enough  to  even  melt  iron — 
will  not  burn  J-M  Asbestos  Ready  Roofing 
when  held  on  one  spot  for  nearly  an  hour. 
Nor  will  it  set  fire  to  boards  underneath.  This 
has  been  proven  by  impartial  tests  made  by 
Fire  Chiefs  and  City  Council  representatives 
of  many  large  cities. 

J-M  Asbestos  Roofing  is  absolutely  fire-proof  because  its  base  con¬ 
sists  of  several  layers  of  pure  Asbestos  Felt.  And  Asbestos,  you 
know,  is  the  fire-proof,  practically  indestructible,  mineral  used  in  gas 
grates,  stove  mats,  theatre  curtains,  etc. 

These  layers  of  Asbestos  (stone)  Felt  are  firmly  cemented  together 
with  genuine  Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt— that  wonderful  mineral  cement 
which,  in  asphalt  pavements,  stands  the  grinding  of  wheels  and  pounding  of 
hoofs  for  thirty  to  forty  years. 

Thus,  J-M  Asbestos  Roofing  is  composed  of  all  minerals.  Not  a  particle 
of  perishable  material  in 


J- 


A3BE8TO 

ROOFING 


Because  of  this  mineral  or  stone 
construction,  J-M  Asbestos  Roofing 
is  also  rust-proof,  rot-proof  and  acid- 
proot  And,  like  all  stone,  it  never 
needs  painting  or  coating. 

No  other  ready  roofing  gives  a 
building  such  absolute  fire  protec¬ 
tion.  None  other  lasts  so  long  with 
so  little  attention.  J-M  Roofing  is 
still  in  good  condition  on  many 
buildings  after  nearly  a  quarter  of  a 
century  of  service. 

Our  nearest  Branch  will  supply  you 


with  J-M  Asbestos  Roofing  if  not  ob¬ 
tainable  at  your  dealer’s — also  apply 
it,  if  desired. 

SEND  FOR  THIS  ODD  STONE 

We  want  to  send  you  a  free  sample,  Justas 
it  comes  from  our  mines,  of  the  curious 
Asbestos  Rock  of  which  this  roofing  is  made. 
We  want  you  to  see  for  yourself  that  its  long! 
silky,  pliable  fibres  will  not  bum  when  held 
in  fire. 

Write  our  nearest  Branch  now,  and  we’ll 
also  send  our  handsomely  illustrated  Book 
No.  J-  48 


H.  W.  JOHNS-MANVILLE  CO. 


BALTIMORE 

BOSTON 

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CHICAGO 


CLEVELAND 
DALLAS 
DETROIT 
KANSAS  CITY 


■ASBESTOS 


Toronto,  Ont. 


NEW  ORLEANS 
NEW  YORK  f 

LONDON  MILWAUKEE  PHILADELPHIA 

LOS  ANGELES  MINNEAPOLIS  PITTSBURG 

For  Canada  — THE  CANADIAN  H.  W.  JOHNS-MANVILLE  CO.,  LTD. 

A _  ....  •> 


SAN  FRANCISCO 
SEATTLE 
ST.  LOUIS 

13G0 


Montreal,  Que. 


Winnipeg,  Man. 


Vancouver,  B.  C. 


Is  Your  Farm  Spick  and  Span? 

Lumber  is  growing  more  and  more  expensive  every  year.  Don’t  let  valuable 
buildings  go  to  pieces  for  a  little  paint.  Keep  your  farm  buildings  spick  and 
span  with  Moore’s  Paints. 

MOORE’S  Bam’pailus 

There  is  no  better  paint  than  Moore’s  House  Colors,  for  better  paint  cannot 
be  made.  Your  dealer  probably  has  them.  If  not,  write  to  us. 

MOORE’S  Paints  and  Var¬ 
nishes  for  every  Purpose. 

Don’t  fail  to  use  MURESCO  to  brighten  and 
beautify  your  rooms. 

Write  for  descriptive  literature. 

BENJAMIN  MOORE  &  CO. 

Carteret,  N.  J. 
Toronto,  Can. 


PROFITABLE  INVESTMENT 


*•>•***  _ _ _ _ _ _ _  _ 

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A  variety  of  beautiful  designs.  May  be  erected  with  wood  or  iron  posts. 
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Exclusive  territory  if  you 
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article  made.  Agent’s  out¬ 
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tory  and  get  bu«y  now. 


Economy  Vacuum  Washer 

washes  clothes  automatically  in  10  to 30 
minutes.  No  wear  or  tear  of  clothes. 
Saves  soap,  fuel  and  all  rubbing.  No 
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Money  back  after  30  days’  trial  if  dis¬ 
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Send  for  circular  right  now. 

ECONOMY  SALFS CO.,  Dept.  ...Metro.  Tower,  N.  Y 


338 


March  11, 


WHAT  IS  “PURE  BLOOD”  AND  “REG¬ 
ISTERED  ?  ” 

Each  issue  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  has  some¬ 
thing  about  registered  stock,  but  not  what 
1  would  like  to  know.  We  have  no  regis¬ 
tered  stock  near  my  place,  and  so  1  would 
like  to  have  some  questions  answered.  What 
is  the  difference  between  registered,  grade 
and  purebred  stock?  Must  stock  give  a 
certain  amount  of  milk  and  a  specified 
amount  of  butter  fat  before  they  can  be 
registered?  In  other  words,  what  is  re¬ 
quired  of  registered  stock?  w.  k.  t. 

Pennsylvania. 

A  cow  of  “pure  blood”  is  one  whose 
ancestry  can  be  surely  traced  back  for 
many  generations  to  a  cattle  of  a  defi¬ 
nite  breed  or  family.  For  example,  a 
purebred  Jersey  is  one  whose  ancestors 
came  from  the  Island  of  Jersey  without 
any  cross,  so  far  as  known,  with  any 
other  breed  or  class  of  animals.  A 
“registered”  cow  is  a  pure  blood  animal 
that  has  been  recorded  in  a  herd  book, 
which  is  a  record  kept  by  some  organi¬ 
zation.  For  example,  a  Jersey  calf  with 
both  parents  of  pure  blood  would  be  a 
pure-blooded  animal  but  would  not  be 
“registered”  until  its  name  and  its  pedi¬ 
gree  had  been  recorded  in  the  records 
of  the  American  Jersey  Cattle  Club.  The 
“registered”  cow  has  the  advantage,  be¬ 
cause  it  is  proof  that  she  is  a  pure- 
blooded  animal,  and  also  proof  of  her 
ancestry  or  pedigree.  All  pure  blood 
animals  can  be  registered  on  proof  that 
they  are  pure.  The  amount  of  milk  they 
can  give  does  not  affect  such  registra¬ 
tion,  but  most  breeds  have  what  is 
called  an  advanced  register.  In  this  cows 
are  recorded  when  it  is  proved  that  they 
give  a  certain  large  amount  of  milk  or 
butter.  Because  a  cow  is  a  “purebred” 
it  does  not  follow  that  she  is  sure  to  be 
a  very  superior  animal.  The  majority  of 
purebreds  are  superior,  but  their  great, 
practical  value  is  their  use  as  breeders. 
For  instance  a  bull  with  sisters,  mother, 
grandmother,  etc.,  that  were  all  heavy 
milkers  would  be  most  likely  to  give 


CLOTHES  ARE  “ALL  WOOL.”  Fig.  112. 

these  milking  qualities  to  his  heifer 
calves.  The  “register”  enables  us  _  to 
know  just  what  the  bull  has  back  of  him. 


AILING  ANIMALS. 

Goitre  in  Dog. 

I  have  a  dog  that  has  an  enlargement 
of  the  glands  of  the  throat,  known,  I  be¬ 
lieve,  as  a  goitre.  At  times  he  appears  to 
choke  and  has  difliculty  in  breathing.  He 
Is  now  about  10  years  old  and  has  been 
affected  with  it  for  two  years.  I  have 
tried  numerous  remedies,  but  none  seems  to 
help.  Could  you  inform  me  what  to  do 
for  It?  A.  s. 

Montana. 

Goitre  in  old  dogs  is  incurable,  often  of 
a  cancerous  nature,  and  involving  the  lungs. 
Some  relief  may  come  from  following  treat¬ 
ment  :  Clip  off  the  hair  and  paint  enlarge¬ 
ments  with  tincture  of  iodine  three  times 
a  week.  Give  three  grains  of  iodide  of 
potash  in  capsule  form  on  three  consecu¬ 
tive  nights  a  week.  If  the  dog  is  very 
small  and  light,  two  grains  of  the  iodide 
will  be  sufficient.  a.  s.  a. 

Agalactia. 

I  had  a  cow  that  gave  birth  to  her  calf 
about  two  weeks  before  time ;  calf  was  alive 
and  strong,  the  cow  doing  all  right.  She 
has  been  well  and  hearty  all  Winter,  and  in 
good  flesh.  She  is  in  good  health  now, 
with  a  very  good  appetite,  eating  her  full 
rations  of  both  hay  and  grain.  She  is  a 
young  cow  and  heretofore  has  been  one  of 
bur  best  milkers.  But  since  calving,  which 
is  about  one  week  ago,  she  has  not  given  a 
drop  of  milk.  Please  give  me  cause,  with 
remedy  for  same,  if  possible.  J.  w.  p. 

Pennsylvania. 

The  cause  cannot  be  confidently  stated  in 
such  cases.  She  may  have  suffered  from  in¬ 
digestion  or  some  other  ailment  at  the  time 
when  she  calved  prematurely.  Massage  and 
strip  udder  vigorously  three  times  a  day 
and  at  night  rub  with  brandy.  Feed  nutri¬ 
tious,  laxative  foods.  Give  her  plenty  of 
outdoor  exercise.  If  so  treated  the  milk 
flow  may  gradually  come  back.  a.  s.  a. 

Rickets  in  Shotes. 

I  have  some  shotes  four  months  old  stiff 
in  all  four  legs ;  it  seems  to  hurt  them  to 
move ;  they  will  squeal  and  tremble,  can¬ 
not  stand  up  long  enough  to  eat.  When 
first  weaned  I  fed  them  all  the  boiled  pota¬ 
toes  and  wheat  middlings  they  could  eat 
mashed  together.  The  pens  were  new  and 
partly  opened  to  the  south,  were  warm  but 
seem  to  get  damp.  I  cleaned  out  twice  so 
far  this  Winter  and  gave  fresh  litter. 
Would  too  many  cooked  potatoes  cause  the 
trouble?  Very  little  corn  was  fed.  They 
were  kept  well  bedded  with  straw. 

Long  Island.  d.  l.  h. 

Rickets  and  rheumatism  present  similar 
Bymptoms.  The  damp  quarters  and  lack  of 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


exercise  no  doubt  have  induced  the  trouble. 
Pens  should  be  cleaned  out  daily,  or  at  least 
several  times  a  week.  Make  the  pigs  take 
abundant  exercise  out  of  doors.  If  this 
cannot  be  managed,  sprinkle  shelled  corn 
on  a  large  barn  floor,  cover  with  litter  and 
make  the  pigs  root  for  the  grain.  Feed 
light  slop  and  mix  lime  water  in  it  at  the 
rate  of  one  ounce  per  quart.  a.  s.  a. 

Bloody  Milk, 

I  have  a  heifer  that  gives  bloody  milk 
out  of  one  teat.  There  is  no  swelling  or 
lump  in  it.  Gan  you  tell  me  what  the 
trouble  is?  reader. 

Small  blood  vessels  have  ruptured  as  a 
result  of  undue  congestion  of  the  udder, 
or  she  may  have  had  garget.  In  heifers 
the  cause  usually  is  rupture  of  blood  ves¬ 
sels.  Bathe  with  cold  water  three  times 
daily  and  at  night  sponge  with  a  lotion 
composed  of  two  teaspoonfuls  of  powdered 
alum  to  a  pint  of  cold  water. 

Thin  Mare. 

Can  you  tell  me  what  to  do  for  a  mare 
with  foal  that  is  very  thin  of  flesh?  We 
are  giving  her  oats  and  corn  ground  to¬ 
gether  ;  I  give  her  four  quarts  twice  a  day. 
We  have  been  giving  her  condition  powders, 
but  she  does  not  gain  in  flesh.  Do  you 
think  her  teeth  need  filing?  She  is  15 
years  old  this  Spring.  G.  E.  H. 

New  York. 

Do  not  feed  ground  food  to  a  horse,  so 
long  as  the  teeth  can  masticate  properly. 
Have  her  teeth  put  in  order  by  a  veterinary 
dentist.  Irregularities  of  the  teeth  may 
well  be  causing  lack  of  condition  from  in¬ 
digestion  due  to  imperfect  mastication.  Do 
not  give  condition  powders  to  a  mare  in 
foal.  Feed  whole  oats,  bran  and  hay. 
Allow  ear  corn  at  noon  while  cold  weather 
continues ;  let  her  occupy  a  box  stall  when 
in  the  stable,  but  work  her  lightly  every 
day,  or  make  her  take  abundant  outdoor 
exercise.  a.  s.  a. 

Stiffness  in  a  Dog. 

I  have  a  collie  dog,  14  months  old,  that 
has  had  three  or  four  spells  of  being  lame 
and  stiff  in  his  hind  legs,  at  first  in  only 
one,  and  the  last  time  in  both  legs,  last¬ 
ing  perhaps  12  hours  at  a  time.  It  works 
off  by  exercising,  then  comes  on  after 
lying  down  a  few  minutes.  lie  looks  in 
pain.  Last  Summer  he  was  clipped  and 
had  a  good  coat  by  cold  weather,  but  all 
Winter  he  has  been  shedding  till  now  he 
has  a  new  short  coat,  but  still  sheds.  I 
give  him  a  bath  about  every  two  weeks. 
He  sleeps  in  the  house  and  eats  mostly 
bread  and  potato  with  grease.  He  is  very 
particular  about  eating.  lie  likes  milk, 
but  we  don’t  have  it;  has  some  bones  to 
gnaw.  Could  you  tell  me  what  to  do? 

New  York.  E.  c.  H. 

Often  in  such  cases  the  dog  has  had  a 
fit,  or  he  may  be  affected  with  chorea  (St. 
Vitus  dance).  Make  him  live  an  outdoor 
life.  Do  not  feed  potatoes.  Do  not  use 
any  carbolic  wash  or  dip  in  bath.  Feed 
meat  and  vegetable  soup.  Oatmeal  porridge 
also  is  suitable.  a.  s.  a. 


Catarrh. 


I  have  an  old  horse  in  good  condition, 
feels  good,  acts  like  a  colt,  but  will  have  a 
discharge  in  one  side  «jf  the  nose,  every 
little  while,  sometimes  thin  and  clear,  other 
times  thick,  yellow  clots ;  is  worse  when 
worked  and  driven.  I  have  painted  his 
pose  with  petroleum  and  puffed  in  iodo¬ 
form;  he  seems  all  right  at  times,  then  the 
discharge  comes  again.  This  has  been  do¬ 
ing  so  for  nearly  one  year.  The  horse  eats 
well,  feels  extra  good  and  is  fat.  Can  you 
advise  me?  J.  F.  B. 

Connecticut. 

A  diseased  molar  tooth  may  be  the  cause 
and  the  discharge  would  cease,  could  you 
have  the  tooth  removed  by  trephining.  If 
it  is  ordinary  catarrh  syringe  out  once 
daily  with  warm  water  containing  a  dram  of 
tannic  acid  to  the  pint.  In  feed  mix  twice 
daily  a  dram  of  dried  sulphate  of  iron.  In 
1  days  change,  if  necessary,  to  a  like  dose 
of  powdered  sulphate  of  copper,  and  in  an¬ 
other  10  days  to  a  like  dose  of  iodide  of 
potash.  Alternate  the  treatment  until  he 
is  well.  a.  s.  a. 


You  don’t  have  to  unbox  It.  You 
don’t  have  to  put  it  together.  You 
don’t  have  to  start  it.  You  don’t 
have  to  do  anything  by  guess.  You 
don’t  have  to  take  any  risk  or 
responsibility. 

You  let  us  hear  from 
you  and  we  will  deliver 
the  separator,  show  you 
how  to  operate  it,  how 
to  make  it  pay  you,  and 
show  you  how  it  costs 
you  less  than  any  sepa¬ 
rator  for  which 
you  are  asked 
to  send  money 
in  advance.  This  machine 
will  be  guaranteed  forever 
by  America’s  oldest  and 
the  world’s  biggest  cream 
separator  concern.  We 
can  make  that  guar¬ 
antee  because  Tubu¬ 
lars  are  The  World’s 
Best— wear  a  lifetime — 
whereas  cheapseparators 
last,  on  the  average,  one 
year.  Write  for  catalog 
No.  153,  and  say  you 
want  a  Tubular  set  up  in  your  home— free— 

with  no 
expense  or 
trouble  to 
you. 


30 

y™ 


A  SHARPLES 

Cream  Separator 
Delivered  at  Your  Home 

No  Money  In  Advance 

No  Freight  to  Pay 


THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO. 

WEST  CHESTER,  1*A. 

Chicago,  I1L,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Portland,  Ore. 

Toronto,  Can .,_Wlnnl]>efc_Can. _ 


PRACTICAL  FARMERS  PREFER 

practical  machines  with  no  experimental  or  “freakish”  features;  they  know  that 
JOHNSTON  farm  machines  represent  the  most  advanced  development  along 
practical  lines.  The  name  JOHNSTON  on  farm  machinery  spells  SATIS¬ 
FACTION  in  every  civilized  country. 

Simplicity,  strength  and  durability  characterize  all  JOHNSTON  ma¬ 
chines.  They  are  easily  operated,  cheaply  maintained,  and  adaptable  to  all  con¬ 
ditions  of  soil  and  grain.  They  cost  more  to  manufacture,  but  cost  the  farmer 
no  more  than  cheaply-built  machines  and  give  much  longer  dependable  service. 

The  JOHNSTON  No.  10  Mower  has  many  good  features;  cuts  a  clean 
swath  in  any  grass  on  level  or  hillside;  easy  to  operate,  to  pass  obstructions  and 
turn  corners;  simple  and  strong;  the  best  Mower  made  for  long  service.  We 
also  make  a  one-horse  Mower. 

JOHNSTON  iMACHINER^ 

The  JOHNSTON  line  includes  Grain  Binders,  Reapers, 

Rakes,  Manure  Spreaders,  Spring  and  Spike  Tooth  Har¬ 
rows,  Side -Delivery  Rakes,  Mowers,  Tedders,  Hay 
Loaders,  Corn  Binders,  Disc  and  Orchard  Harrows,  and 
Land  Rollers. 

Write  to-day  for  JOHNSTON  1911  catalog — it’s  free 
and  full  of  valuable  farm  machinery  information.  Or  advise 
what  machine  you  are  particularly  interested  in,  and  we’ll 
send  booklet. 


THE  JOHNSTON  HARVESTER  CO, 


I 


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[YOURSELF  AND  NEIGHBORS  BY  BUNCHING  THEM  IN  CAR  LOTS  AS 

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l  CATALOGUES  OF  ENSILAGE  CUTTERS 
\DI5TRIBUT0RS  &  CATTLE  STANCHIONS 
FOR  DAIRYMEN  AND  FEEDERS 


KALAMAZOOSco 


You  can  shove  ensilage  out  ofthe  unobstructed, 
continuous  door  front  of  aTJna<lilla£ilol5 cents 
a  ton  cheaper  tnan  yon  can  pitch  it  up  3  to  6  ft, 
over  cross-bars  on  an  ordinary  silo, 

TTnadllla  Silo  doors  shove  up — most  others 
push  in,  making  it  necessary  to  feed  to  the 
bottom  of  these  doors  before  they  can  be  opened. 
Non-breakable  Iuks,  cold  rolled  over  threads  on 
end  of  steel  hoops — %  stronger  than  ordinary 
cut  thread  hoops.  Write  for  25  Reasons  Why. 
Extra  discount  for  early  orders,  Agents  wanted. 
UNAIHLLA  SILO  CO.,  Box  B,  Unadllla,  N.  Y. 


Continuous-Opening,  Braced 
Door  -  Frame,  Permanent 
Ladder,  Interchangeable 
Doors,  Lightest  and 
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Strongest  Hoops, 
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described 
in  our 
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Our 
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contains 
the  latest 
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for  our  catalog  of  Silos 
and  Silo  Fillers.  “The 
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Harder  mfg.  Company 

BOX  I  1  COBLESKILL,  N.  Y. 


249 Page  Book  On 
Silos  and  Silage 


10c 


Most  complete  work  on  this  subject 
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know.  240  pages— indexed — over  40 
illustrations,  a  vast  amount  of  useful  infor¬ 
mation  boiled  down  for  the  practical  farmer. 
Tells  “How  to  Make  Silage” — “How  to  Feed 
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tain  Soil  Fertility  by  Silage  System.”  All  about 
“Summer  Silos”  and  the  Use  of  Silage  in  Beef 
Production.  Limited  Revised  and  Enlarged 
Edition  now  ready.  Send  for  your  copy  before 
too  late.  Enclose  10c  in  coin  or  postage  stamps 
and  mention  this  paper. 

(Silver  Manufacturing  Co.,  Salem,  utiio 


FREE  TO  FARMERS 

A  Valuable  160-page  book  entitled 

*!SILO  PROFITS” 

Written  by  200  of  the  most  successful 
Feeders,  Farmers  and  Dairymen  In 
the  World.  Every  farmer  In 

America  should  read  this  book,  and 
as  long  as  our  supply  of  these  books 
last  we  will  mall  one  copy  free  to 
each  person  asking  for  It.  It  gives 
theactual  experience  of  these  farm¬ 
ers  and  In  their  own  words. 

Our  Factories  are  located  at  An¬ 
derson,  Ind.,  DesMolnes,  Iowa,  and 
Kansas  City,  Write  NOW  «c;|A 

Missouri.  <*  for  this  book  SlIO  A  FOlltS 

INDIANA  SILO  COMPANY  - 
318  Union  Building,  Anderson,  Indian^ 


OREEN  MOUNTAIN 

SILOS 

Three  bearings  all  around 
each  door  like  a  safe  or  re¬ 
frigerator  door.  Hoops  are 
stronger  than  others.  Staves, 
doors  and  fronts  soaked  in 
preservative  if  you  wish. 

Green  Mountain  Silos  differ 
from  other  round  silos. 

Free  catalogue  gives  details. 

Post  card  will  bring  it. 

,  CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MFG.  CO., 
338  West  Street,  Rutland,  Vt. 


BOOST  YOUR 

STO  K  PROFITS 

GetaSiio.  But  get  a  pood  one.  Choose,, 
carefully— and  wisely.  Geta  Lansing  If 
you  want  the  most  that  a  Silo  can  mean 
to  your  profits.  Thousands  of  other 
progressive  farmers  have  proved 

Lansing  Silos 

best.  Madeof  best  wood.  All-steel  Hoops 
and  Draw  Lugs.  Convenient  Continu¬ 
ous  Doorway  with  Ladder  Front.  Many 
other  features  that  make  Lanslngs 
superior.  Write  for  best  book  on  ' 
silos  and  silo  profits.  Address 
postal  now  to 

Severance  Tank  &  Silo  Co. 

Dept.  329  banging,  Mich. 


THE  ROSS  SILO 


The  only  thoroughly  manufactured 
Silo  on  the  market.  Full  length  stave. 
Continuous  door  frame  complete  with 
ladder.  Triple  beveled  silo  door  with 
hinges.  Equipped  with  extra  heavy 
hoops  at  bottom. 

AIR  TIGHT 

Makes  winter  feed  equal  to  June 
grass.  THE  ROSS  will  more  than  pay 
for  itself  in  one  season.  Write  to¬ 
day  for  catalog  which  gives  facts  that 
will  6ave  you  money.  Agents  wanted. 

The  E.  W.  lloss  Co.(Est.ia50) 
Box  13  Sl’IUNUnt.LJ).  OHIO 


1911. 


RUKAIv  NEW-YORKER 


336 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE: 

Apple  Prices. — It  is  stated  that  Oregon 
apples  have  been  selling  in  the  wholesale 
markets  in  the  East  this  Winter  for  less 
than  New  York  barreled  stock.  Is  this  a 
fact?  E.  c. 

Connecticut. 

Yes,  this  is  true,  but  the  opposite  is  also 
true,  as  so  much  depends  upon  the  class 
of  trade  meant.  A  wholesaler  whose  busi¬ 
ness  was  largely  with  fancy  fruiterers  and 
high-class  hotels  could  get  higher  prices  for 
the  Western  apples  on  account  of  their  high 
color.  But  for  the  general  consumptive 
trade,  where  quality  is  the  chief  considera¬ 
tion,  Eastern  apples  sell  higher,  provided 
they  are  of  standard  varieties,  Spy,  Green¬ 
ing,  Baldwin,  etc.,  well  grown  and  honestly 
packed.  No  handsomer  apple  comes  to  New 
York  than  the  Spy,  as  grown  in  parts  of 
New  York  State,  Vermont  and  other  sec¬ 
tions  of  New  England,  unless  it  be,  per¬ 
haps,  the  Newtown  from  the  Albemarle  sec¬ 
tion.  But  the  majority  of  Eastern  grown 
apples  are  not  in  the  same  class  with  the 
Rocky  Mountain  or  Pacific  Coast  product 
in  the  matter  of  color.  Each  has  its  special 
place  to  fill  in  trade,  much  the  same  as 
the  different  breeds  of  cattle. 

Efficient  Freight  Service. — In  the  dis¬ 
cussion  of  railroad  rates,  etc.,  comparatively 
little  has  been  said  about  efficiency  of  ser¬ 
vice,  a  matter  that  concerns  shippers  and 
receivers  of  freight  even  more  than  rates, 
within  reasonable  limits.  Careless  handling 
of  goods  and  unnecessary  delays  are  con¬ 
stant  sources  of  loss  to  owners  of  the  goods. 
The  value  of  perishable  products  is  thus 
discounted  from  25  to  75  per  cent,  and 
with  other  goods  it  is  necessary  for  the 
dealer  to  carry  an  excessive  stock  or  lose 
trade  because  of  delayed  shipments.  Trans¬ 
portation  companies  are  amenable  to  the 
courts  for  damage,  but  as  a  rule  lawsuits 
against  them  are  unsatisfactory,  and  in 
the  end  cost  more  than  the  actual  damage, 
unless  the  latter  be  extraordinarily  heavy. 
There  are  some  exceptions,  but  under  these 
circumstances  the  common  railroad  prac¬ 
tice  has  been  to  pay  as  few  claims  and  be 
as  long  about  it  as  possible.  This  has 
proven  a  short-sighted  policy,  antagonizing 
the  public,  which  is  ready  to  applaud  and 
support  almost  any  restrictive  measure,  not 
considering  carefully  whether  it  is  just  or 
not.  Had  the  attitude  of  the  railroads 
toward  the  public  been  based  on  accommo¬ 
dation  and  efficiency  instead  of  the  idea 
that  “you  have  got  to  patronize  us  and 
we'll  do  as  we  please,”  there  would  have 
been  no  cause  or  demand  for  such  restric¬ 
tive  legislation. 

It  is  often  hard  to  determine  what  are 
“reasonable”  freight  rates,  as  the  necessary 
operating  expenses  of  some  roads,  owing 
to  bridges,  grades,  upkeep,  proportion  of 
empties  carried,  etc.,  varies  on  different 
roads.  But  reasonably  ellicient  service  is  a 
matter  that  can  be  determined  much  more 
readily,  and  it  is  a  fit  subject  for  investiga¬ 
tion  by  a  commission  with  full  purpose  and 
jurisdiction  to  sift  it  to  the  bottom.  What 
those  who  patronize  freight  service  need 
most  is  efficiency.  They  want  the  work 
done  as  well  and  as  quickly  as  common 
business  sense  would  consider  fair  in  other 
lines  of  trade,  and  are  willing  to  pay  what 
is  necessary  to  have  the  work  done  well. 
The  freight  question  can  never  bo  settled 
satisfactorily  on  any  basis  other  than  ef¬ 
ficient  service. 

The  Egg  Situation. — What  is  the  mat¬ 
ter  with  the  egg  market  just  now?  I  re¬ 
ceived  16  cents  a  dozen  yesterday  from  a 
huckster  who  is  collecting  butter  and  eggs 
through  my  section  and  shipping  it  to  the 
wholesale  commission  merchants.  This  is 
10  cents  a  dozen  less  than  the  price  was 
last  year  at  this  date,  and  if  they  are 


going  down  at  this  rate,  we  will  see  10 
and  12  cents  a  dozen  eggs  in  April  and 
May.  What  is  the  cause  of  all  this?  Are 
the  receipts  so  heavy?  s.  M. 

Pennsylvania. 

There  are  two  special  reasons  for  the 
present  depression  of  the  egg  market.  The 
first  is  that  on  account  of  the  compara¬ 
tively  open  Winter  production  has  been 
heavier  than  usual.  The  other  cause  is 
that  a  ban  has  been  put  on  stale  eggs  by 
the  pure  food  authorities.  It  was  formerly 
possible  to  sell  eggs  in  almost  any  condi¬ 
tion.  Speculators  who  had  disposed  of  part 
of  their  holdings  for  enough  to  make  a 
profit  on  the  whole  amount  would  take  a 
risk  with  the  remainder,  knowing  that  if 
a  temporary  scarcity  came  they  could 
quickly  unload  their  stock  at  an  increased 
profit,  and,  if  not.  the  long  stored  eggs 
would  bring  something  anyway  for  bakers’ 
use.  Carbonate  of  ammonia,  boracic  acid, 
formaldehyde  and  other  materials  known 
to  the  chemist  can  cover  a  multitude  of 
liquid  egg  defects,  after  the  worst  of  the 
black  spots  are  picked  out.  But  owing  to 
the  activity  of  inspectors  this  is  getting  to 
be  dangerous  business,  and  there  is  cor¬ 
respondingly  less  inducement  to  hold  eggs 
beyond  the  period  of  risk. 

The  New  York  egg  market  has  been  on 
a  decidedly  artificial  basis  this  Winter. 
For  several  weeks  an  attempt  was  made  to 
keep  the  price  of  fancy  white  eggs  10  cents 
above  the  best  mixed  colors.  This  was  un¬ 
reasonable,  except  for  a  very  small  fraction 
of  the  trade.  The  white  egg  that  sells  for 
75  cents  or  so  per  dozen  is  all  right  to 
read  about  in  story  books  and  makes  good 
talking  material  for  those  who  feel  sure 
that  Standard  Oil  stock  is  but  a  feeble  divi¬ 
dend  producer  compared  with  the  hen.  But 
most  people  who  sell  white  eggs  have  to  get 
a  little  nearer  to  earth  than  this.  There  has 
been  no  time  this  past  Winter  when  the 
choicest  white  eggs,  from  three  to  five  days 
old,  could  not  be  had  in  single  dozen  lots  in 
New  York  for  50  cents.  Most  of  the  time  40 
or  45  cents  would  buy  them,  and  recently  35 
cents — not  in  all  sections  of  the  city,  of 
course,  but  accessible  to  thousands  of  buy¬ 
ers.  A  great  many  who  buy  these  white 
eggs  do  so  solely  because  they  are  more 
reliable  in  quality,  and  not  because  of  their 
whiteness.  It  is  the  writer’s  opinion  that 
if  brown  and  mixed  eggs  were  as  well  as¬ 
sorted  as  to  quality  and  size,  and  reason¬ 
able  care  taken  in  crating  uniform  colors, 
they  would  very  soon  sell  as  well  in  New 
York  as  they  now  do  in  Boston  or  any 
other  market  that  is  supposed  to  prefer 
brown  eggs.  The  trouble  with  a  largo 
number  of  the  brown  and  mixed  eggs  sent 
to  New  York  is  that  they  are  of  mixed 
quality  with  all  the  colors  of  eggdoin  in 
one  case.  What  the  majority  of  egg  buyers 
want  is  good  size  and  uniformly  good  qual¬ 
ity,  and  there  will  be  little  discrimination 
against  brown  shells  when  they  find  that 
the  contents  may  be  depended  upon. 

w.  w.  H. 


Crops  Among  Peach  Trees. 

What  would  be  best  to  plant  on  a  field 
that  two  years  ago  was  heavily  fertilized 
with  balnyard  manure  for  Lima  beans,  and 
last  year  with  a  complete  fertilizer  and  a 
very  heavy  coating  of  lime  for  cabbage? 
One-year-old  peach  trees  are  growing  on 
this  ground.  g.  w.  g. 

South  Chatham,  N.  J. 

In  discussing  any  crop  we  must  consider 
the  man  who  grows  it  an  dthe  market  or 
demand.  In'  this  case  potatoes  are  barred 
on  account  of  the  lime,  and  we  would  not 
follow  with  cabbage.  We  do  not  like  tall 
growing  crops  like  corn  or  Lima  beans 
among  young  trees.  Tomatoes  or  peppers 
would  do  well,  or  onions,  melons  or  bush 
beans. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  20. 


Cuts  Fodder,  Fills  Silo 

Like  Lightning-Single  Handed! 


Eight  out  of  every  ten  cutters  on  American 
farms  are  the  powerful,  double-energy 
••SMALLEY”— the  world's  only  positive 
Force-Feed  Cutter!  For  54  years— over  half 
a  century— the  “Smalley”  has  been  the 
King  of  Cutters! 

The  old,  time-tried  and  reliable  “Smalley” 
Force-Feed  Ensilage  and  Fodder  Cutter  will 
fill  your  silo  like  lightning — single-hnnded— this 
fall  and  save  you  a  vast  amount  of  money  and 
labor!— just  as  it  is  doing  for  scores  of  thousands 
of  thinking  business  farmers! 

SMALLEY  KS*  Ensilage  Cutter 


The  powerful  chain  feed  with  grip  hooks  shoots 
the  bundles  along— without  jamming  or  shoving. 
No  Jamming  1  No  Clogging  1  No  Silo  loo  High!  No  Danger! 

Tlie  Smalley’s  capacity  Is  25%  greater— size 
for  size  and  price  for  price— than  any  other 
cutter  made! 

The  capacity  of  the  “Smalley”  is  so  great  that  TEN- 
INCH  blowerpipeis  necessary ;  would  clog  a  smaller  pipe. 


Our  new  1911  improvement  is  the  new-construction 
feed  table,  metal-faced  (see  circlo  at  left),  so  constructed 
that  chain  cannot  interfere  with 
cutting  knives. 

Valuable,  New 
1911  Book— FREE 

Our  1911  catalog  contains  a 
itorehouso  of  valuable  en¬ 
silage  facts!  Your  copyof  this 
50-pago  book  is  waiting  for  you— 
a  postal  or  a  letter  brings  it  by 
return  mall!  Address  (13) 
SMALLEY  MFG.  CO. 

(Established  1857) 

13  Rich  SL, Manitowoc,  Wls. 


AND  UP. 
WARD 


AMERICAN 

SEPARATOR 

SENT  ON  TRIAL,  FULLY 
GUARANTEED.  A  new,  well 
made,  easy  running  separator  for 
$lo.9o.  Skims  hot  or  cold  milk; 
heavy  or  light  cream.  Different 
from  this  picture  which  illus¬ 
trates  our  large  capacity  ma¬ 
chines.  The  bowl  is  a  sanitary 
marvel,  easily  cleaned.  Whether 
dairy  is  large  or  small,  obtain  our 
handsome  free  catalog.  Address 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO. 


Removes  Bursal  Enlargements, 
Thickened,  Swollen  Tirsues, 
Curbs,  Filled  Tendons,  Soreness 
from  any  Bruise  or  Strain, 
Cures  Spavin  Lameness,  Allays 
Fain  l)ocs  not  Blister,  remove 
the  hair  or  lay  the  h^rso  up.  $3.00  a 
bottle,  delivered.  Book  1  D  free. 
ABSORBING,  JR.,  (mankind$1.00 
— bottle.)  For  Synovitis,  Strains,  Gouty 
or  Rheumatic  Deposits,  Varicose  Veins,  Varico¬ 
cele,  Hydrocele.  Allays  pain.  Book  free. 

W.  F.  YOUNG,  P.  D.  F.,  88  Temple  St.,  Springfield,  Mass. 


ALPHA 


PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


This  Safety  Lift 

Saves  Your  Strength 

You  can  do  moro  heavy  lifting  alone  than  three  men  by 
the  use  of  this  handy  device.  Has  a  scoro  of  uses  on  the 
fa i  m  every  day.  Saves  time  and  labor. 

.Inst  the  thing:  for  changing  wagon  boxes  and  anto 
bodies,  stretching  wires,  moving  heavy  Btones,  Rtorin^ 
machinery,  hoisting  grain,  doing  any  kind  of  lifting 
about  the  farm. 


Morgan  Safety  Lift 
Locks  At  Any  Angle 

Holds  or  releases  a  load  at  a  given  point 
without  use  of  confusing  check  cord.  Cam 
grips  rope  without  gouging.  Henvicr  the  load, 
the  tighter  it  grips.  N<>  extra  parts  to  get  out 
of  order.  So  simple  it  can  bo  operated  by 
one  hand. 

Made  Entirely  of  Steel 

Pulleys  and  blocks  of  best  possible  construc¬ 
tion.  Will  last  a  lifetime.  Drop  forged 
swivel  hook  makes  it  easy  to  move  load 
about  without  unfastening  lift. 

Sold  Direct  From  Factory 

Made  in  two  sixes.  2,500  lbs.  capacity 
$1.75.  0,000  lbs.  capacity  $3.00  These  prices 
good  for  a  limited  time  only.  Order  di¬ 
rect  from  the  manufacturer  and  save 
dealer's  and  jobber’s  profits.  Handiest  thing 
you  ever  bad  on  the  farm.  Send  for  one  to-day 
— at  once — while  you  think  of  it— and  take  ad¬ 
vantage  of  these  special  introductory  prices. 

MORGAN  BLOCK  CO. 

Dept.  18,  Cleveland,  O. 


DAIRY  SUPPLIES 

We  are  headquarters  forMilk  Bottles, 
Cans.  Caps,  Carriers,  Churns,  Drain¬ 
ers,  Pasteurizers,  Separators,  lea 
Crushers,  etc.,  and  every  utensil  used 
by  handlers  of  milk,  cream,  butter, 
eges,  ice  cream  or  cheese.  Bestfoods, 
fair  prices,  prompt  shipments.  Satis¬ 
faction  guaranteed.  Send  ns  today 
your  list  of  needs.  No  order  too  small. 
WISNER  MFG.  CO  ,  23fl  A  Greenwich  Sh.N.Y. 

Everything  For  Dairymen  Always  In  Stock 


At  Less  Than  Cost  of  Bran 

m 


Read  these  actual  proofs  that  the  NEW 


Proof  That  Proves 

The  Quaker  Oats  Co. 

Gentlemen  :  During  the  past  few 

months  1  have  fed  my  dairy  a  ration  com¬ 
posed  of  equal  parts  of  Gluten  Peed  and 
and  Distillers  Grains.  About  two  weeks 
ago  I  left  out  the  Distillers  Grains  and 
began  using  Schumacher  Peed  in  its  place 
and  feeding  just  the  same  amount.  In  two 
days  my  dairy  has  gained  thirty  pounds 
of  milk  per  day.  At  present  I  am  getting 
os  much  425  lbs  of  milk  per  day  from  four¬ 
teen  cows.  Thirteen  of  these  cows  have 
been  milked  since  last  March  and  April. 
The  most  i  mportant  point  to  be  considered 
in  this  test  is  the  fact  that,  while  Schu¬ 
macher’s  cost  me  $6.00  per  ton  less  than 
the  Distillers  Grains,  my  cows  actually 
gained  in  milk  production  by  feeding 
it,  and  at  the  same  time  when,  as  every 
dairyman  knows,  it  is  the  tendency  for 
cows  that  have  been  milked  continuously 
as  long  as  these  have,  to  shrink, 

J.  E.  Murray,  Freedom,  N.  Y. 

Gained  62  lbs  of  Milk 
in  Three  Days 

The  Quaker  Oats  Co. 

Gentlemen:  I  was  feeding  one  bushel 
Gluten.  1  bushel  Bran,  and  1  bushel  of 
Cornmeal  mixed,  (equal  parts  bulk),  when 
I  wa9  advised  to  feed  one  bushel  Gluten 
and  two  bushels  of  Schumacher  Stock 
Peed.  I  was  milking  18  cows:  in  three 
days  my  cows  gained  62  pounds  of  milk. 
They  continued  to  do  fine.  I  used  up  my 
supply  of  Schumacher  and  went  after 
more  but  the  dealer  was  out.  I  bought 
bran  and  meal  and  went  back  to  my 
former  ration.  In  two  days  my  cows 
dropped  down  50  pounds  in  milk.  I  bought 
more  Sohumacher  as  soon  as  I  could,  and 
am  getting  very  fine  results  again.  My 
cows  not  only  give  more  milk  but  keep  in 
better  condition.  I  have  also  fed  my 
horses  Schumacher  Feed.andl  never  had 
them  keep  in  as  good  shape  doing  heavy 
-  "  3,  AMES.  Delevan.  N.  Y. 


work. 


O.  B. 


Gets  Better  Milk  and 
More  Cream 

The  Quaker  Oats  Co. 

We  have  used  Schumacher  Feed  nearly 
five  years.  From  time  to  time  I  have 
tried  others  but  we  are  always  forced 
back  to  Schumacher  to  get  our  usual  rich 
quality  of  milk.  The  lack  of  cream  on 
top  of  our  bottles  is  not  only  noticeable 
to  us  but  also  the  source  of  complaint 
from  our  customers, when  we  are  not  feed¬ 
ing  Schumacher  Feed.  Naturally  we  can 
highly  recommend  it. 

Respectfully, 

D.  R.  Ilarvey,  Supt.  Willow  Brook  Farm, 
Jan.  4,1911.  Elmira,  N.  Y. 


SCHUMACHER 

Feeding  Plan  is  a 

Wonderful  Milk  Maker 
Wonderful  Money  Maker 

You  can’t  afford  not  to  test  it  in  face  of  these  letters. 

Here  is  the  Plan — Try  it 

You,  no  doubt,  are  feeding  high  protein  concentrates  such  as 
gluten,  cotton  seed  meal,  malt  sprouts,  oil  meal,  Blue  Ribbon  Dairy 
Feed  and  other  similar  high  protein  feeds,  etc.  If  you  will  combine 
Schumacher  Feed  with  any  of  these  in  %  to  %  the  ration,  you  will  not 

only  save  $5.00  to  $8.00  per  ton  on  your  feed,  but  get  far  better  results  in  both  milk 
and  “condition”  of  your  cows.  We  don’t  ask  you  to  take  our  word  for  this— just  read 
the  “actual  proofs’ ’  in  the  letters  herewith. 

The  Reason  Schumacher  Feed  does  so  well,  is  because  it  is  the  best  complete 

_  ration  in  the  world— the  acme  of  feed-making  science.  Supplies  those 

nutrients  your  ration  lacks,  which  build  strong  tissue  and  rich  blood— which 
nourish  the  body  and  give  the  animal  that  strength  and  vitality  so  essential 
when  she  is  under  the  strain  of  continued  milk  flow.  A  corn,  oats,  barley 
and  wheat  by-products  feed.  The  best  “balanced”  ration  you  can  use 
It  is  an  excellent  feed  for  hogs.  Get  it  at  your  dealers.  If  ha 
can’t  supply  you,  write  us. 

JTfte  Quaker  Oats  Co.,  Chicago^ 

Largest  Manufacturers  of  Feed  ,, 
in  the  World 


Schumacher  Feed  is  Also  Fine  for  AII  Farm  Stock 


Better  Result&\ 


More  Good  Proof 

The  Quaker  Oats  Co. 

Gentlemen  :  Schumacher  Feed  has 
been  a  large  factor  in  the  ration  we 
feed  onr  herd  for  the  past  two  years. 
We  feed  one-haif  Schumacher  and  one 
hair  Gluten  Food.  This  Hummer  our  feed 
dealer  was  out  of  Shumacher  and  wo 
bought  ono  ton  of  bran  to  take  its  place. 
After  feeding  this  a  few  da.'s  we  saw  our 
cows  were  shrinking.  A  ear  of  Schumach¬ 
er  arrived  after  we  had  led  1,600  pounds 
of  bran.  We  changed  directly  to  Schu¬ 
macher  and  in  three  daysour  cows  gained 
a  ten-gallon  can  of  milk.  Duringono  week 
of  last  June  we  milked  l.GCOpoundsof  milk 
a  day  from  forty  cows  which  you  will  note 
is  an  average  of  forty  pounds  to  the  cow. 
Uhls  was  done  on  a  ration  of  Schumacher 
reed  and  Gluten.  The  strong  argument 
in  favor  of  Schumacher  Feed  is  that  it 
keeps  our  cows  in  good  flesh  while  they 
reproducing  milk.  Every  cow  we  have 
f°h*  during  the  past  yearhasgone  directly 
to  the  slaughter  house  and  she  has  been 
»  d  after  producing  a  large  flow  of  milk 
all  the  season.  We  consider  it  a  hard 
proposition  to  make  milk  the  year  around 
as  we  do,  without  Schuinachor  Feed. 

_  „  Yours  very  truly, 

0.  Haskell  &  Son,  Sandusky.  N.  Y. 


Milk  Always  Passes 
Inspector’s  Tests 

The  Quaker  Oats  Co. 

We  are  feeding  Schumacher  Feed  to  our 
herd  of  200  cows  and  find  it  gives  strength 
and  body  to  our  ration.  It  keeps  cows 
strong  and  fat,  which  is  essential  with  us 
as  we  do  not  raise  caves,  but  sell  our  cows 
forbeef  as  soon  as  dry.  Our  milk  is  sold 
to  East  Liberty  residents  and  is  constant- 
1  y  subject  to  tests  as  to  puri  ty  and  qual ity. 
It  always  passes  and  wo  give  Schumacher 
the  credit. 

Yours  very  truly, 

Hartman  Bros., 

Pittsburg.  Pa. 

Feeds  it  to  300  Cows 

The  Quaker  Oats  Co. 

I  am  feeding  Schumacher  Feed  to  my 
herd  of  300  cows  at  Braeburn  Dairy  Farm 
and  shall  continue  to  do  so.  It  is  just  tho 
feed  to  “balance”  our  high  protein  con¬ 
centrates.  It  keeps  my  cows  fat,  strong 
and  always  ready  for  market.  I  can  also 
feed  a  greater  quantity  of  high  protein 
feed,  thereby  increasing  my  miik  product- 
}on.  Sohumacher  is  certainly  an  excel¬ 
lent  feed  for  dairymen. 

Joseph  Groves, 

Braeburn,  Pa. 


340 


March  11, 


THE  RURAI>  NEW-YORKER 


The  Henyard. 


THE  HENWOMAN’S  HENS. 

On  page  10  we  gave  the  statement  of  a 
woman  in  Massachusetts  who  has  started 
under  unusual  conditions  to  keep  hens. 
She  promised  to  give  a  monthly  statement 
of  her  business.  This  is  the  second  in¬ 
stallment. 

Statement  for  January,  1911,  from 
the  Massachusetts  lien  woman  : 

Took  in  : 

Received  for  eggs . $37.71 

For  .12  fowls .  10.36 

Total . $48.07 

Paid  out : 

Grain  bill . $29.70 

Grain  bill  .  4.70 

Oil  for  incubators .  5.00 

Roof  . 35 

$39.81 

Cleared  .  $8.26 

And  this  is  better  than  it  sounds, 
because  we  have  grain  enough  to  last 
till  March  6  (bought  January  25).  We 
reckon  that  it  does  not  cost  $5  a  week 
to  feed  150  birds,  but  nearer  $3.50.  We 
are  getting  from  130  birds  55  to  59  eggs 
a  day,  and  retailing  them  for  40 
cents  a  dozen.  For  fowls  we  get  19 
cents  a  pound  wholesale.  We  have  now 
240  eggs  for  incubating,  and  have  also 
enough  for  our  customers.  But,  I  said, 
January  would  sound  well,  but  wait  till 
May  or  June.  We  shall  have  all  those 
chickens  to  rear,  on  nothing.  If  we  had 
to  pay  one  cent  for  labor  we  should  lose 
dreadfully.  I  believe,  however,  time  will 
tell.  We  have  liked  the  answers  so 
much,  and  hope  they  will  continue.  In 
April  we  move  on  to  a  real  farm  where 
we  shall  have  a  horse,  cow,  hens,  one 
acre  of  land  to  cultivate  and  land  for  our 
hens  (we  hope  to  have  300  by  April), 
pasture  for  cow  and  wood  lot.  This 
farm  is  in  Lincoln.  We  pay  $350  a 


A  YOUNG  POULTRYMAN.  Fig.  113. 

year  for  it,  and  we  have  to  build  our 
own  henhouse  and  buy  our  own  hay. 

Query. — How  would  you  manage  this 
proposition?  Would  you  raise  your 
own  vegetables  or  give  the  acre  to  corn 
and  cabbage,  feed  for  cow  and  hens? 
I  will  send  you  our  assets  and  liabilities 
for  a  year.  There  are  three  of  us,  my 
husband,  my  brother  and  myself,  and 
we  shall  keep  one  hired  girl.  We  do 
not  ask  to  make  money ;  all  we  ask  is  in 
two  years  to  learn  to  make  a  farm — 
with  our  labor  thrown  in — give  us  a 
living.  I  believe  it  can  be  done — if  you 
know  how — and  work  like  a  slave. 

E.  H. 


COOKED  FEED  FOR  POULTRY. 

Is  bran,  middlings  and  cornmeal  with  a 
few  oats  all  cooked  together  better  for  all 
purposes  for  poultry  than  uncooked  food? 
What  feed  is  best  for  stimulating  an  egg 
yield  ?  J.  M.  s. 

Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

Ans. — For  a  long  time  it  was  thought 
by  most  feeders  of  animals  of  all  kinds 
that  cooked  food  was  much  more  di¬ 
gestible  and  gave  better  results  than  un¬ 
cooked  food,  but  careful  experiments 
finally  determined  that  the  gain  was  not 
enough  to  pay  for  the  extra  time  and 
labor  required  to  cook  the  food.  I  think 
very  much  of  oats  as  a  food  for  poul¬ 
try,  and  for  man,  too ;  my  breakfast 
consists  mainly  of  oatmeal  and  milk, 
and  the  way  I  use  the  oats  for  poultry 
is  to  put  about  three  quarts  in  a  12- 
quart  pail,  pour  our  skim-milk  on  them 
and  let  it  set  on  the  kitchen  stove  from 
breakfast  time  to  noon.  The  oats  will 
swell  to  double  the  quantity  put  in,  they 
are  softer,  and  the  fowls  eat  them  bet¬ 
ter  than  when  dry.  But  I  don’t  feed 
the  oats  alone ;  I  pour  the  milk  and 
soaked  oats  into  the  big  iron  pot  I  use 
for  mixing  feed  and  stir  in  bran,  mid¬ 
dlings,  a  little  cornmeal  and  beef  scraps, 
and  feed  the  “mash”  in  troughs  at  noon 
time.  Don’t  feed  much  dry  feed  in  the 
morning ;  keep  them  scratching  in  the 


litter  by  having  them  still  unsatisfied, 
hungry;  then  at  noon  they  will  go  for 
that  mash  greedily.  At  night  be  more 
liberal  with  the  dry  feed.  I  like  to  go 
around  after  the  hens  have  gone  to. 
roost  and  feel  their  crops  full  and  round. 

GEO.  A.  COSGROVE. 


Roup  Remedy. 

Can  you  find  out  for  me  the  proper 
amount  of  permanganate  of  potash  to  use 
with  specified  amount  of  water  for  roup? 

New  Jersey.  u.  J.  c. 

You  will  find  it  all  in  “The  Business 
Hen.”  Mr.  Cosgrove  advises  enough  of 
the  permanganate  crystals  to  give  the  water 
a  strong  wine  color,  say  a  teaspoonful  to 
8  or  10  quarts.  This  is  to  be  used  to  pre¬ 
vent  roup — not  to  cure  it.  Use  when  the 
ducks  begin  to  show  wet  nostrils. 


Stone  Poultry  Houses. 

I  should  like  the  opinion  of  those  who 
have  tried  it,  of  making  feeder  houses 
and  henhouses  of  stone.  I  have  an  enox-- 
mous  quantity  of  stone  on  my  place,  and  if 
it  were  suitable  for  that  purpose,  I  could 
get  the  stone  out  of  the  way  and  put  it  to 
good  use.  G.  s.  jp. 

Stratford,  Conn. 

We  have  had  little  experience  with  stone 
or  even  concrete  houses.  Stone  houses  we 
have  never  considered,  because  of  the  ex¬ 
pense  of  building  even  when  the  stone  costs 
nothing  at  all.  The  mere  matter  of  laying 
stone  usually  costs  more  than  the  construc¬ 
tion  of  a  wooden  house.  There  are  a  few 
concrete  block  houses  in  the  country  which 
are  giving  satisfaction.  Such  a  house  is 
written  up  in  bulletin  form  and  recently 
published  by  the  Minnesota  Experiment  Sta¬ 
tion.  Speaking  from  general  experience,  I 
would  think  it  not  impossible  to  construct  a 
brooder  house  or  a  laying  house  out  of 
stone,  using  the  same  general  ideas  of  ven¬ 
tilation  as  practiced  in  other  buildings.  I 
would  expect  the  stone  house,  however,  to  be 
colder  in  Winter  as  well  as  cooler  in  the 
Summer.  Where  artificial  heat  is  supplied 
as  in  a  bi-ooder  house,  this  factor  would  not 
be  so  objectionable,  whereas  the  additional 
coolness  of  the  house  in  the  Summer  would 
make  it  very  desii-able  for  young  chicks. 

C.  A.  ROGERS. 


NERVES 

NEED 


the  same  as  babies. 
Babies  can’t  take  care 
of  themselves,  nor  can 
nerves. 

Babies  cry  for  atten¬ 
tion — so  do  nerves. 
Probably  both  are  half- 
starved  for  proper 
nourishment. 

Give  them 

SCOTT'S  EMULSION. 


Shavings  for  Litter. 

We  have  used  planer  shavings  with  good 
results.  As  they  are  dry  they  absorb  the 
moisture  from  the  droppings  and  prevent 
dampness,  and  being  light  the  gi-ain  works 
down  into  them,  keeping  the  hens  busy, 
although  we  prefer  about  four  inches  of 
dry  sawdust  and  eight  or  10  inches  of 
straw  on  top  of  the  sawdust.  The  hens 
mav  pick  up  some  sawdust,  but  xiot 
enough  to  do  any  harm ;  at  any  rate  we 
have  never  had  any  -wooden  eggs. 

Maine.  willow  nest  yards. 

As  to  “planer  shavings”  for  sex-vice  in 
the  scratching  shed,  I  have  used  them  for 
quite  a  long  time  with  the  best  of  results, 
and  when  you  can  get  shavings  made  from 
local  cedar,  as  I  have  been  able  to  do,  it  is 
a  sure  preventive  for  lice  and  other 
vermin  on  fowls.  The  Southern  cedar  has 
not  the  strong  but  agreeable  smell  of  that 
gi'own  in  the  Northern  States.  c.  Q.  e. 

Connecticut. 


The  Man  with  the  Hoe 
Wants  a  Good  Fertilizer 

For  the  land’s  sake 
give  him  BOWKER’S 

Don’t  do  a  good  job  with  the  hoe,  and  a  poor  one 
with  the  fertilizer.  As  long  as  you  must  hoe,  why 
not  have  the  best  possible  crops  to  show  for  it? 
Thorough  cultivation  coupled  with  the  right  fertilizer, 
and  enough  of  it,  will  increase  the  production  and 
profits  of  any  farm. 

We  have  a  brand  to  fit  every  crop  and  every 
pocket-book,  and  every  bag  of  fertilizer  we  ship  is 
backed  by  forty  years  of  experience,  prompt  service, 
the  best  materials,  the  best  facilities. 

We  want  agents  wherever  we  are  not  now  represented. 
Write  today  for  prices  and  terms ;  this  may  mean  a  good 
business  for  you  if  you  act  at  once. 

Write  anyhow  for  our  illustrated  catalogue  and  calendar. 

We  want  you  to  know  Bowker’s  before  you  buy  your  spring 
fertilizer. 

T>  JZ 1?  fertilizer  company, 

DU  VV  XV  Fj  JLV  77  Lyman  St.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
Original  and  largest  manufacturers  of  special  fertilizers. 


PETER  COOPER’S  PURE  BONE  DUST 

THE  OLD  RELIABLE  SINCE  1827 

STERLING  BRANDS  OF 
COMPLETE  FERTILIZERS 

SPECIAL  BLENDS  FOR  SPECIAL  CROPS 

:  Send  for  Booklet  :  : 

PETER  COOPER’S  FERTILIZER. 


BRANDS 


FENCES 


STRONGEST 
MADE.  Bull- 
6trong  chlck- 
en-tlght  Sold  to  the  user  at  Wholesale 
I’rlees.  We  I“ajr  Freight.  Catalogue  free. 

COILED  SPRING  FENCE  CO., 
Box  263  Winchester,  Indiana. 


3— 

*= 


WE  SELL  FARMS  ill  Oceana,  best  County  in  U.  S. 

Fruit,  Alfalfa,  Grain, Vegetables,  Stock,  Poul¬ 
try.  J.  D.  S.  HANSON  &  SON,  Hart,  Mich. 

FOR  SALE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
Horace  G. 'Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa 


150  Farms 

and  map  free. 


m  m 

U-.. 

nay  atr^i 

.  mt xu 

40 Acres  Si*  5 


auai  A  KIP  Fences  and  Gates  for  Farm,  Home, 
LluLUHt  Parks  or  Cemeteries.  Increase  prop- 
w  ■  wab  erty  values.  Strong,  Lasting,  Hand¬ 

some.  Easily  erected— all  heights  up  to  10  feet.  Our 
catalog  and  prices  will  interest  you.  We  pay  freight. 

The  Cyclone  woven  wire  fence  co. 

1237  E.  66th  STREET  CLEVELAND,  OHIO 


STOUT— STRONG— DURABLE— CHEAP 

Brown  Fences  will  outlast  any  other  because  of 
i  heavier  wires  and  thicker  galvanizing.  Investigate 
before  you  buy*  160  styles  for  all  purposes. 

Bargain  Prices-14c  Per  Rod  Up 

delivered  at  your  railway  station.  Send  today  for 
catalog  and  free  sample  for  test. 

THE  BROWN  FENCE  &  WIRE  CO.. 

Dept.  69  CLEVELAND.  OHIO 


Pasture 
40  Acres 


Wheat 
30  Acres 


Oats  10  Acres 


Fences  cost  almost  nothing  compared 
with  results  obtained 

A  farm  of  160  acres  fenced  into  five  fields,  as  shown  in  the  diagram,  takes  1,040 
rods  of  fence.  At  fairly  reasonable  prices  the  year’s  yield  from  this  farm  is: 

Wheat . $600.00 

Oats... .  157.50 

Hogs . 400.00 

Cattle . -  1000-00 

Market  value  of  year's  crop.... . $2157.50 

Cost  of  complete  fence . . $350 

Or,  in  ten  years,  value  of  yield  $21,575 — 
and  the  fence  still  good 

What  did  the  fence  do?  Besides  enclosing  the  fields  it  facilitated  crop 
rotations  and  the  feeding  of  stock.  Without  the  fence  the  same  profit  could  not 
have  been  realized  from  the  stock. 

Fences  cost  almost  nothing  compared  with  results  obtained. 

American  fence  is  made  better  than  ever.  It  is  a  thoroughly  galvanized  square  mesh 


.........  possible.  — . . , -  -  -  .  i 

and  yet  are  free  to  act  like  a  hinge  in  yielding  to  pressure,  returning  quickly  to  place 

without  bending  or  injuring  the  metal. 

n  1 _ Stocks  of  American  Fence  are  carried  in  every  place  where 

Uealers  livery  wnere  farm  supplies  are  sold.  The  Fence  is  shipped  to  these  points 
in  carload  lots,  thereby  securing  the  cheapest  transportation,  and  the  saving  in  freight  thus  made 
enables  it  to  be  sold  at  the  lowest  prices.  Look  for  the  American  Fence  dealer  and  get  the 
substantial  advantages  he  is  enabled  to  offer.  He  is  there  to  serve  the  purchaser  in  person,  otter 
the  variety  of  selection  and  save  the  buyer  money  in  many  ways. 

FRANK  BAACKES,  Vice  President  and  General  Sales  Agent 

American  Steel  &  Wire  Company 

Chicago  New  York  Denver  San  Francisco 

Send  for  copy  of  “ American  Fence  News,”  profusely  illustrated,  devoted  to  the  interests  of  farmers  and  show- 
inQ  how  fence  may  be  employed  to  enhance  the  earning  power  Of  a  farm*  Furnished  free  upon  applicatw 


1911. 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


341 


MARKETS 

Week  Ending  March  3,  1911. 

BOTTEB 

Receipts  are  large  and  prices  two  to  three 
cents  lower. 


Creamery,  fancy,  lb . . 

. 25 

ffl 

.26 

Good  to  Choice . . 

. 20 

.23 

Dower  Grades  . 

@ 

.19 

Storage . 

® 

.20 

Stale  Dairy,  best . 

@ 

.23 

Common  to  Good . 

@ 

.20 

Factory . 

@ 

.16 

Packing  Stock . 

@ 

.15 

■apples.  Chops  and 

waste 

scarce, 

selling 

above  six  cents  per 
Apples,  evap.  fancy.... 

pound. 

. 12 

@ 

13 

Kvap.,  com.  to  good. . 

® 

.12 

Sun  Dried . 

® 

.07 

Chops . 

. 05 

@ 

.06 

Cores  and  Skins . 

. . . 

. 05 

@ 

■06M 

Haspberries . 

. 28 

@ 

.30 

Cherries . 

. 15 

@ 

.18 

FIlESn  FRUITS 

Apples  are  in  heavy  supply  at  present, 
though  anything  grading  near  choice  is  held 
high — $5  to  $6.  Strawberry  receipts  are 
light,  with  some  fancy  going  above  40  cents. 
The  bulk  of  the  fair  to  good  stock  brings 
25  to  30  cents. 

Apples.  Russet,  bbl . 3.00  @  4.00 

Wlnesap .  4.00  @  5.50 

Greening .  4.00  la)  6.00 

York  Imperial .  4.00  IS)  6.00 

Baldwin .  4.00  @  5.50 

8|>y .  4.00  @  5.76 

Western — 

Newtown,  box .  1.76  (S)  2.35 

Spitz,  box .  1.75  ffl  2.30 

Rome,  box .  1.75  @2  30 

Winesap,  box .  2  00  @  2.50 

Gano.  box  . l.oo  @  2.00 

Cratiberri  es — 

Gape  Cod.  bbl . 10.00  @12.00 

Long  Island,  bbl . 12.00  @12.50 

Jersey,  bbl . 8.50  @  9.50 

Pears.  Kieffer.  bbl .  2.75  @  3.50 

Strawberries,  Fla.,  qt . 25  @  .45 

Oranges,  Fla.  box . 2.00  @  3.50 

Porto  Rico .  1.75  la)  2Mb 

California .  2.50  @  4.00 

Grape  Fruit.  Fla.  box . 2.50  @  3.00 

Pineapples,  Havana,  18s .  1.00  @  2.26 

Porto  Rico,  30s  to  24s .  1,75  @  2.10 

HONKV 

Trade  is  slack  but  market  firm. 

White  Clover,  lb . 12 

Buckwheat, lb . 08 

Extracted,  lb . 07 


ffl  .14 
IS)  .10 
@  .10 

VEGETABLES 

Potato  market  very  weak  and  lower. 
Sweets  somewhat  improved  and  higher.  Old 
cabbage  low.  Fancy  onions  scarce  and  firm  ; 
ordinary  grades  dull.  String  beans  plenty, 
and  selling  well.  Tomatoes  in  heavy  sup¬ 
ply  and  lower. 


Maine. . 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bbl. 
Brussels  Sprouts,  qt. 


Cabbage — Danish  seed,  ton... 


Celery,  doz 


Escarol.  bbl . 

Endive.  French,  lb . 


Kohlrabi,  Southern,  bbl . 

Lettuce.  54-bbl  bkt . 

Peppers.  Southern,  bu . 


White  pickle,  bu. 


Turnips,  Rutabaga,  bbl. 
White,  bbl . 


Parsnips,  bbl 


1.20 

@ 

1.50 

1.50 

@ 

2.00 

1.40 

ffl 

1 .00 

1.75 

® 

2.50 

.08 

@ 

.17 

2.00 

@ 

3.00 

1.50 

@ 

2.00 

@ 

3.00 

9.00 

@11.00 

5  00 

la 

8.00 

1.50 

@ 

1.75 

.50 

@ 

1.1K) 

1.00 

@ 

2.25 

2.50 

(«■ 

3.50 

1.25 

@ 

2.25 

.12 

<d 

■vm. 

1  00 

1.25 

2.50 

@ 

4.00 

1 .25 

@ 

2  25 

2.00 

@ 

3.50 

1.50 

@ 

2.00 

1.40 

@ 

1.60 

.75 

@ 

1.25 

@ 

5.00 

1.00 

@ 

1 .50 

@ 

6.00 

2.00 

@ 

2.50 

@ 

2.00 

1.75 

@ 

2  25 

.75 

<a 

1.00 

1.00 

@ 

1.50 

3.00 

@ 

5.00 

2.50 

@ 

3.1K) 

1.75 

ffl 

2.00 

is 

2.75 

1.00 

@ 

2.50 

Tomatoes,  Fla.  crate . 

HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 
Fancy  mushrooms  firm  and  higher.  Cu¬ 
cumber  market  weak.  Tomatoes  scarce. 

Cucumbers,  best,  doz .  1.75  ®  2.00 

Common  to  good . 75  poo 

Mushrooms,  lb . .  ^  05 

Radtslms,  100  bunches . 2^00  @  34)0 

Rhubarb,  doz  bunches .  20  @  60 

Tomatoes,  lb . t::;;;;;;;;  $  ®  J® 

BERMUDA  PRODUCTS 
Choice  potatoes  are  held  above  $6;  sec¬ 
onds  selling  slowly.  Lima  beans  higher. 
Potatoes,  No.  1.  bbl . 6.00  @  6.50 

Beets,  bu.  crate . 75  @  1  00 


Carrots,  crate . 85  @  1.25 

Lima  Beans,  t*  bu .  2.50  @3  50 

Peas,  %  bu .  1.50  @  2.50 

Parsley,  bu.  crate . 90  @1.00 

Komaine,  crate . 75  @  1.25 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Supplies  moderate  and  market  very  firm. 
Chickens,  lb . 15  @  .15^ 


ffl 


.18 

.12 

.18 

.13 

.18 


Elgin  111.  butter  market  firm  at  25hS  cents. 
CHEESE 

Trade  is  very  quiet  and  the  general  con¬ 
dition  of  the  market  in  favor  of  buyers. 

Full  Cream,  best . . . 15  @  .16 

Common  to  Good . 12  @  .13 

Skims . 05  @  .12 

EGGS 

The  market  continues  overstocked,  large 
quantities  of  fairly  gdod  eggs  selling  under 
20  cents. 

White,  good  to  choice . 24  @  .26 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 19  @  .20 

Common  to  Good . 15  @  .17 

Storage . 12  @  .15 

Western,  best . 20  ®  .23 

Under  grades . 12  @  .14 

BEANS 

Receipts  are  not  large,  but  the  market 
is  very  dull.  Marrow  and  Red  Kidney  are 
five  to  10  cents  lower. 

Marrow,  100  lbs .  3.50  @  3.80 

Medium . . 3.45  @  3.50 

Pea . t .  3.30  @  3.65 

Yellow  Eye .  3.75  @  3.90 

Red  Kidney . . 5.50  @5.70 

WhiteKidney . 4.76  ffl  5.00 

Lima,  California .  6.40  @  6.45 

HOP8 

The  stocks  remaining  in  first  hand  in 
this  country  are  said  to  be  the  smallest  in 
seven  years- — only  4,500  bales. 

Prime  to  Choice . 28  @  .29 

Common  to  Good . 25  @  .27 

Pacific  Coast . 20  @  .21 

German  Crop,  1910 . 50  @  .53 

CIDER  VINEGAR 

New  York  prices  for  single  barrel  lots. 

Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 22  @  .24 

Standard  Grade . 13  @  .15 

DRIED  FRUITS 

Market  very  strong  on  choice  evaporated 


.21 

la) 

.22 

.16 

ffl 

.20 

.18 

ffl 

.20 

.14 

ffl 

.17 

@ 

.35 

14 

.17 

.24 

fd) 

.25 

.22 

@ 

.23 

.14 

@ 

.16 

ffl 

.20 

.12 

en 

.14 

2.00 

® 

5.00 

Fowls . 17 

Roosters . 10  ® 

Ducks . 16  @ 

Geese . 12  @ 

Turkeys . 16  ffl 

DRESSED  POULTRY 

Quality  very  irregular,  owing  to  mild 
weather  at  time  of  packing.  Choice  fowls 
scarce  and  higher. 

Turkeys.  Fancy . 21  @ 

Common  to  Good . 16  @ 

Chickens,  roasting,  prime . 18  @  .20 

Common  to  Good . 14 

Fancy  broilers,  lb . 30  @ 

Fowls .  14 

Capons,  best,  lb . 24 

Medium  grades . 22  @  .23 

Small  and  Slips . 14  @  .16 

Ducks . 1; 

Geese . 12 

Squabs,  doz .  2.0U 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 
Trade  in  lambs  is  dull.  Calves  fairly 
plenty  and  selling  well.  Pork  lower. 

Calves,  good  to  prime . 13  @  .14 

Common . 08  @  .12 

Lambs, hothouse,  head .  4.00  @  8.60 

Pork,  light .  ...  .10  @  .11 

Medium  to  heavy . 119  @  .09 14 

Roasting  Pigs,  lb . 14  @  .17 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Medium  and  low  grades  of  clover  and 
clover  mixed  in  large  supply  and  dull. 

Hay,  No.  1,  ton . 20.00  @  21.00 

No.  2 . 18.00  @  19.60 

No.  3 . 14.50  @  16.00 

Clover  Mixed . 12.00  @  18  00 

Clover . 10.00  @  14.00 

8traw,  Rye .  9.00  @  11.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 8.00  @  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 5.85  @  6.45 

Oxen  and  Stags .  5.00  @  6.25 

Cows .  2.40  @  IM) 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 8.50  @11.00 

Culls  .  4.00  @6  60 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 3.25  @  4.25 

Lambs .  6.00  @6  60 

Hogs .  7.50  @  7.80 

GRAIN 

Wheat, 'No.  I,  Northern  Spring .  1.06  @  ... 

No. 2,  Red . 93  @  ... 

No.  1  Macaroni . 94  @  ... 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 49  @  .62 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 35  @  37 

Rye . 80  @  .84 

MILL  FEED 

Spring  Bran, ton .  24.00  @  25.00 

Standard  Middlings .  26.00  @  27.60 

Red  Dog .  27.50  @  28.00 

Hominy  Chop .  22.50  @  23.70 

Linseed  Meal . 35.00  @  36  00 

Corn  Meal . 23.00  @  24.00 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  14.60 

Middling  Gulf .  14.85 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  14.05 

Good  Middling .  14.85 


HANDY  GARDEN  TOOL 

Here’s  a  practical  tool  for  the  farmer  or 
gardoner-our  No.  0  Combined  Double  and 
Single  Wheel  Hoe,  Hill  and  Drill  Seeder. 
Four  toois  for  the  price  of  one.  It  plants 
,,  i?.or  continuous  rows,  covers  the  seed, 
rolls  the  soil,  marks  the  next  row,  hoes 
weeds  and  cultivates.  Simple,  easy  to  oper¬ 
ate,  and  does  a  day’s  work  iu  60  minutes. 

Farm  and 
Garden  Tool* 

For  75  years  wo  have 
made  dependable  tools 
of  quality  for  the 
farmer,  trucker  and 
town  gardeners.  We 
make  33  garden  tools 

_  at  *2.50  to  $12.00  each. 

Write  to-day  for  Anniversary  Catalog 
describing  our  entire  lino  including 
potato  planters,  cultivators,  sprayers, 
diggers,  orchard  and  other  tools. 

BATEMAN  M’F’G  CO. 

BOX  1022  GRENLOCH,  N.  J. 


IRON  ACE 


AMERICAN 

Steel  Fence  Post 

Cheaper  Than  Wood 
and  More  Durable 

Many  years  of  experimenting 
with  metal  fence  posts  have 
developed  this  post.  It  is 
now  thoroughly  practical,  fill¬ 
ing  every  requirement  on  the 
farm,  in  the  town,  for  rail¬ 
roads  and  whereverfence  posts 
are  used. 

Made  of  tough  steel,  heavily 
zinc  coated.  Durability 
proven  by  us — ten  years’  ac¬ 
tual  use  showing  good  as  new. 
Means  a  big  reduction  in 
fence  cost  and  maintenance. 

40-page  catalog  sent  free,  fully 
illustrating  and  describing.  Send 
for  it. 


m 

m 


1 


m 

m 


C- 

8 


m 


Sold  by  dealers  everywhere.  Ask 
dealer  to  show  samples  and  quote 
prices,  or  write  us  direct. 

American  Steel  6  Wire  Co. 


Chicago  : 

115  Adams  Street 
Denver : 

First  Nat.  Bank  Bldg. 


New  York: 

30  Church  Street 
San  Francisco: 
16th  and  Folsom  Sts. 


THESI1 


I  The  Kind  of\ 
Incubator 
Approved  by 
Government 
Experts 


Farmer’s  Bulletin  No.  236  on  Incubation  and  - 
f  Incubators,  issued  by  the  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture  describes  a 
perfect  incubator.  In  so  doing  it  describes  the  SURE  HATCH  as 
faithfully  as  though  the  writer  had  a  SURE  HATCH  INCUBATOR  stand¬ 
ing  before  him  as  he  wrote.  Read  what  he  says: 

‘/The  body  should  be  mounted  on  strong  legs." 

I  be  top  should  be  smooth  And  unincumbered.” 

«*d°  complete  without  nursery  and  chicK  trav  ” 

regulator  is  double  disc.”  u  emeu  tray. 

sh°uld  be  of  unshrinkable  material.” 

****■  *lght  and  have  dead  air  space  between.” 
Must  have  double  doors  perfectly  fitted.” 

The  SURE  HATCH  is  the  only  incubator  having  every  feature  required  in  a  perfect  incubator. 

Double  redwood  walls  with  dead  air  space  between;  dependable  hot  water  heating  system 
8aoStleaua{led _stca<*y  *amP<  Sure  Hatch  features  that  are’ 


*  ^  #  ».vm.  i  v^uimui  Milt*  Oaltif  c 

not  equalled  in  any  other  incubator.  The 

SURE  HATCH 


against  disappointment  by  getting 
f  Fatchi 


cannot  fail  to 
hatch  all  fertile 

_  _  eggs.  Insure 

■  - . .  a  SURE  HATCH,  the  incubator  that  has 

earned  its  reputation  of  hatching  more  healthy  chicks  tiian  any  other 

incubator  made.  TRY  A  SURE  HATCH  60  DAYS  FREE  We 
guarantee  satisfaction  and  pay  the  freight.  Send  today  for  our 
^ree  Sure  Hatch  Book  containing  valuable  information. 

Sure  Hatch  Incubator  Co.. 

Box  44  Fremont,  Neb. 


BUYS  NATIONAL  INCUBATOR  AND  BROODER 

T  net  ♦  k  J ,,  1,  I  CO  AD  fnm.Ln.nM  am  J  C  I  AO  I -  1  ..  f  _  .  C.  A  T  l  «  .  , 


Just  think  I  $3.00  incubator  and  S4.00  brooder  for  $10.  Don’t  pay  more  for  equal  or 
poorer  Quality.  We  pay  freight  to  your  station.  125-Egg  National  Incubator  has 
Strong,  fireproof,  metal  case,  I  High,  roomy  nursery,  ISpacious  egg  chamber, 

Automatic  heat  regulator,  Cold-rolled  copper  hot  wafer  tank,  Very  sensitive  thermometer. 
Hot  water  heating  system,  | Reliable  non-breakable  lamp,  (Wide  dead  air  space. 

Brooder  has  safety  lamp— can’t  explode  or  break.  It  is  roomy,  cozy, 
free  from  drafts,  easy  to  clean,  every  part  quickly  reachable.  Order 
both  incubator  and  brooder  direct  from  this  .advertisement.  Wc  guar¬ 
antee  satisfaction  or  you  get  all  your  money  back  quick.  Brand  new 
poultry  book  free.  Act  now  on  this  bargain. 

THE  NATIONAL  INCUBATOR  CO..  106  18th  Street,  Racine,  Wisconsin 


FREIGHT 

PAID 

Incubator 

alone 

$8.00 


125  Chick  Brooder 
Alone  $4.00 


“Hatching  Facts”  Free 

Your  address  on  a  postal  brings 
latest  edition  of  " Hatching  Facts ” 
— best  Booklet  published  on  Incuba¬ 
tors  and  Brooders — tells  how  to  start 
right  at  least  expense.  Belle  City 
won  World's  Championship  last 
season.  “ Hatching  Facts”  tells 
all.  Write  today— or  if  in  a  hurry 
order  direct  from  this  ad  below. 
A.tlyway  read  remarkable  off~~< 
V  Rohan,  Pres.  Belle  Cits  Incubator  Ctfc 

SP^.55  Buys  the  Best 

m  140- 

"  Eflfl 

Incubator 

/ 


A  Bhlp 

quick  frem 
8t.  Paul,  Buffalo,  |j 
KaoB&s  City  or 
Racine. 


Ever  Made 

$4.85  Buys  the  Best  Brooder 
Both  Incubator  and  Brooder,  ordered  together 
cost  but  $11.50— Freight  Prepaid  (E.  of  Rockies). 

The  Belle  City  Incubator  has  double  walls 
and  dead  air  space  all  over,  copper  tank,  hot- 
water  heat,  self-regulator,  thermometer,  egg 
tester,  safety  lamp,  nursery,  high  legs, 
double  door.  The  Belle  City  Brooder  is  the 
only  double-walled  brooder  made,  hot-water 
heat,  platform,  metal  lamp.  No  machines 
at  any  price  are  better. 
Satisfaction  Guaranteed 
W rite  for  our  book  to¬ 
day,  or  send  the  price 
now  and  save  waiting. 

140-Chick  Brooder  K  fiohan ,  President. 

Belle  City  Incubator  Co.,  Bos48  *  Racine.  Wis. 


125  Egg  Incubator^  jg 


wp. 


ICORNELL 


GASOLINE 

BROODER  HEATER 

Equal  to  four  Kerosene  Heaters 

Cares  for  200  chicks. 

Needs  little  attention. 

No  lamps  to  trim. 

No  ashes,  no  dirt,  no  soot. 
Absolutely  safe. 

Perfectly  Ventilated. 


and  Brooder 


For 


Ilf  ordered  together  we  send 
both  l’or  $10.  Freight 
paid  east  of  Rockies.  Hot 
water,  copper  tanks,  double  walls, 
double  glass  doors.  Free  catalog 
|  describes  them.  Send  for  it  today. 

Wisconsin  Incubator  Co.. 

Box  t  1 8,  Racine,  WIs. 


Make  Boy’s  Work 
of  Plowing 

Any  boy  who  can  drive  can  plow  with 

WINNER  PLOW  TRUCKS 

because  thoy  hold  the  plow,  No  need  to  use  your 
hands  at  all,  not  even  in  turning.  They  take 
all  the  slavishncss  out  of 
plowing.  No  more  jerking 
or  lame  backs.  Easier  on 
horses,  too.  Draft  is  actually 
less  because  all  weight  is  car¬ 
ried  on  wheels  instead  of  drag¬ 
ging  on  plow  bottoms.  Make 
straight  furrows,  lay 
them  nicer,  regulate 
depth  and  width.  Fit 
any  plow  beam,  steel  or 
wood.  1  J  Days  Free 
Trial.  Money  cheerfully 
'refunded If  not  satisfactory.  Free  cata¬ 
log  gives  all  information.  Write  for  it, 

L.  R.  LEWIS.  Box  F,  Cortland,  N.  Y. 


PRICE  COMPLETE 


Recommended  by  The  New  York  State 
College  of  Agriculture. 

.  .  .  Send  for  Free  Catalog  .  .  . 

TREMAN.  KING  CO., 

Dept.  M,  ITHACA,  NEW  YORK. 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  POULTRY  HOUSE  APPLIANCES. 


Qualify  Higher-Price  Lower 

-  .  _ _ _ _ _ TA7  Kaa  4-  4L  . . .. ,  nil  a  i  O  ..  4- 


JTrlod  and  Proven 
for  17  Years 
Des  Moines  Incubator  Co, 


Wo  beat  them  all  again.  Get 
our  DIB  KOT-TO-Y  O  U  prop¬ 
osition,  low  pricey,  and  DIG 

on  SUCCESSFUL 

Incubators  and  Brooders  boft  ro  you  buy 
anywhere  this  year — the  grn'  t  vu.ue 
evor  offered.  Catalog  FREK — o>  <1  name. 
If  you  want  a  book  on  *‘Prop«  Care  of 
Chioks,  Ducks, Turkeys”— send  iU  cents. 


00  Second  St.,  Des  Moines,  la. 


Mjpney-Makmg  Pointers 
On  Chickens — 

lT,i‘>T7r  Our  Big  FREE 
r  rv  r.r.  Book,  •‘Profit¬ 
able  Poultry 
Raising,”  now  ready,  212  L.g  pages. 
Illustrated.  Shows  famous  birds  and 
largest  poultry  ulants.  Tells  how  to  get 
hatch  after  hatch,  90%— or  better,  of 
strongest,  liveliest  chicks.  Shows  why 
It's  easy  and  sure  with 

CYPHERS  IncS££>°’,",d 

the  self-regulating,  self-ventilating, 
non-moisture,  fireproof,  insurable 
and  guaranteed  hatchers.  Write  for 
this  free  book  and  get  all  the  facts. 

Address  store  nearest  you. 

CYPHERS  INCUBATOR  CO. 

Dept.  88  Buffalo,  N.  Y 

New  York  City,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Boston,  Mass.  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Oakland,  Calif.  2000  Selling  Acuntc. 


8TANOAPO 

''CYPHERS  If.C’j'j  1 

Fir#  Pneft6rlMu-aUg.il 


3422 


March  11, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


Will  you  give  11s  your  idea  of  this 
Franklin  Merchandise  Company?  During 
the  months  of  October  and  November  they 
had  a  store  in  Middletown,  N.  Y.,  and  sent 
men  around  through  the  country  to  dis¬ 
tribute  their  samples  of  goods,  and  wher¬ 
ever  they  left  a  sample  one  was  asked  to 
sign,  as  Allen  said,  a  contract  to  have  their 
goods  made  up  at  their  store  in  Middletown, 
giving  each  one  to  understand  they  had 
started  a  branch  store  there,  and  had  come 
to  stay,  and  that  any  time  within  a  year 
one  could  have  garments  cut  and  fitted  at 
this  store.  The  last  of  November  they 
pulled  out,  and  since  that  time  those  papers 
one  would  think  were  just  agreements  to 
have  suits  made  during  the  year  turned 
out  to  be  what  they  called  notes,  and  they 
placed  them  in  their  bank  in  Chicago  and 
had  them  sent  on  to  the  different  banks  to 
be  collected.  Arc  those  who  got  goods  from 
this  Franklin  Merchandise  Company  obliged 
to  pay  those  notes,  or  would  the  company 
be  responsible  for  their  goods  left  at  the 
different  farm  houses  (as  they  did  no  busi¬ 
ness  in  cities  or  villages)  ?  I  think  it  a 
scheme  to  rob  the  farmer  if  they  can.  Can 
they  be  made  to  go  out  where  they  placed 
their  goods  and  take  them  back?  What  do 
you  think  of  this  company?  L.  M. 

New  York. 

For  the  past  three  years  we  have  been 
reporting  the  operations  of  this  concern 
in  New  York  and  other  States.  The 
complaints  are  much  the  same  in  all  of 
them.  In  some  cases  the  goods  are 
made  up  after  paying,  it  is  alleged,  big 
prices  for  linings  and  fillings ;  but  com¬ 
plaints  are  general  that  the  garments 
do  not  fit  when  made  up.  Women  par¬ 
ticularly  complain  of  misfits.  The  notes 
are  no  doubt  in  legal  form  and  as  they 
have  passed  into  other  hands  can  prob¬ 
ably  be  collected.  Usually  notes  of  this 
kind  are  put  into  other  hands  so  that  the 
makers  of  the  notes  have  no  defense. 
The  farmers  could  band  together  and 
defend  an  action  for  collection  of  notes ; 
but  the  only  safe  way  is  to  consult  a 
reliable  attorney.  He  will  probably  ad¬ 
vise  payment. 

I  was  disappointed  that  the  Egg  Produc¬ 
ers’  Company  account  in  Brooklyn  turned 
out  as  it  has.  I  am  sorry  to  lose  those 
eggs. 

I  shipped  Benjamin  Robinson  of  5681 
Atlantic  Avenue,  Brooklyn,  N.  1’.,  28 
dozen  eggs  on  September  28.  Bill  was 
$11.34.  I  have  written  him  repeatedly  but 
got  no  reply.  I  wish  you  would  see  wliat 
you  can  do  about  this.  w.  h.  a. 

New  York. 

This  shipper  is  certainly  in  bad  luck. 
The  Egg  Producers’  Company  has,  of 
course,  gone  up  and  there  is  no  possi¬ 
bility  of  ever  getting  anything  out  of 
them. 

After  exhausting  our  own  efforts  on 
Mr.  Robinson  we  placed  the  matter  with 
our  attorney  in  the  hope  that  he  might 
be  more  successful.  His  report  was  that 
he  had  been  unable  to  find  Mr.  Robin¬ 
son.  He  calls  occasionally  and  at  ir¬ 
regular  times  to  get  mail  at  the  address 
given,  but  further  than  this  nothing  was 
known  of  his  actual  address.  We  give 
the  details  simply  to  emphasize  the  neces¬ 
sity  of  better  information  and  references 
before  making  shipments. 

Many  readers  have  received  a  letter 
in  part  as  follows : 

An  effort  is  being  made  to  furnish  a  ward 
for  the  Children’s  Hospital  at  St.  George, 
New  South  Wales,  Australia.  At  present  the 
children  are  not  admitted  unless  there  is  a 
vacancy.  As  this  is  a  great  detriment  to 
the  patient,  it  has  been  agreed  that  if 
5.000,000  stamps  (canceled)  are  sent  to 
Miss  Miles,  St.  George,  New  South  Wales, 
Australia,  in  a  certain  time  appointed  by  the 
government,  it  would  he  sufficient  to  build 
the  ward.  The  chain  has  been  going  on 
for  some  time  and  has  not  been  broken. 
Will  you  kindly  make  three  copies  of  this 
letter'  and  send  it  to  three  of  your  friends, 
numbering  the  letters  No.  368,  as  this  is 
No.  367.  Then  send  this  copy  with  the 
names  and  addresses  of  your  three  friends 
and  10  used  stamps  to  Miss  Miles. 

Our  people  feel  disposed  to  help 
charitable  enterprises  along,  and  this  ap¬ 
peals  to  some  of  them.  They  want  to 
know  what  to  do  with  the  chain.  The 
answer  is  “break  it”  just  as  quickly  as 
possible.  It  is  a  fake  and  worse.  The 
Post  Office  Department  writes  us : 

The  records  of  the  Department  show 
that  so  far  back  as  the  sixties  statements 
were  circulated  that  canceled  stamps  in 
large  quantities  could  be  realized  upon  for 
philanthropic  purposes,  but  so  far  as  this 
Department  is  concerned  such  statements  are 
entirely  without  foundation.  There  is  no 
use  to  which  the  Department  could  put 
canceled  stamps. 

These  “chain  letters”  started  years 
ago,  and  it  is  hard  to  head  them  off. 
Try  to  do  your  part  by  stopping  every 
one  that  comes  to  you. 

Pioneer  Land  Co.,  6  Central  Block,  De¬ 
catur,  Illinois,  guarantees  to  sell  farms,  no 
matter  where  located,  within  30  days  for 
cash.  Do  you  know  anything  about  their 
responsibility  or  being  able  to  do  it.  .  They 
advertise  in  Farm  Life,  printed  in  Chicago. 

New  York.  J •  F-  Ij- 

You  may  safely  conclude  that  any 
concern  that  promises  to.  sell  your  farm 
“no  matter  where  located”  is  looking  for 
an  advance  fee  under  one  pretext  or  an¬ 
other.  When  they  get  this  their  interest 
in  you  and  your  farm  will  suddenly 
cease.  It’s  the  old  Ostrander  game. 


RURAL,  NEW-YORKEH 


Received  $2.50  to-day  from  the  New 
York,  Ontario  &  Western  R.  R.  Co.  in 
settlement  for  the  barrel  of  apples  shipped 
to  Berrian  Bros.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Thanks 
very  much  for  your  trouble.  I  know  I 
would  never  have  received  it  without  your 
help.  J-  a.  b. 

New  York. 

It  took  a  good  deal  of  persuasion  to 
get  this  $2.50,  but  we  are  glad  the  ship¬ 
per  has  finally  received  it.  The  delivery 
was  made  to  New  York  and  lost  in 
transit,  instead  of  shipping  direct  to 
Brooklyn,  and  it  took  quite  some  cor¬ 
respondence  to  induce  them  to  admit 
their  responsibility,  after  much  evasion. 

Is  there  any  place  in  New  York  City 
where  heavy  draught  horses  are  sold  that 
have  become  lame  on  account  of  being  used 
on  paved  or  asphalt  streets  of  the  city, 
and  which  might  be  used  for  farm  work 7 
If  so,  at  what  price  are  they  usually  sold? 

Pennsylvania.  o.  c.  F. 

Many  stables  have  such  horses,  but 
they  get  into  the  hands  of  speculators 
and  jockeys.  They  are  often  doctored 
up,  and  sold  for  sound  horses.  There 
is  no  fixed  price  for  them.  In  each  case 
you  buy  as  cheap  as  you  can,  and  they 
get  all  they  can.  I  have  seen  horses 
sold  one  day  for  less  money  than  was 
offered  for  the  same  horse  the  day  be¬ 
fore.  The  previous  offer  was  refused 
on  the  gamble  that  the  purchaser  would 
pay  more.  Unless  you  are  willing  to 
back  your  own  judgment  on  horse¬ 
flesh  keep  out  of  New  York  market. 
There  are  more  tricks  to  the  square  inch 
in  these  stables  than  in  any  other  place 
on  earth.  From  mere  habit  of  lying, 
one  of  these  jockeys  could  not  tell  the 
truth  about  a  horse  even  if  the  truth 
were  better  than  the  lie.  When  you 
part  with  your  money  have  your  hand 
on  the  horse,  and  keep  it  there  until 
you  get  across  the  river.  If  they  gen¬ 
erously  offer  to  deliver  him  to  the  ferry, 
you  will  probably  find  yourself  in  pos¬ 
session  of  a  different  horse  altogether. 
Pay  no  attention  to  what  they  say  about 
the  horse  or  to  their  guarantee.  Your 
eye  is  your  guarantee.  If  you  are  not 
willing  to  back  it,  keep  out  of  the  New 
York  City  sales  stables. 

About  a  year  ago  I  bought  from  the 
Universal  Salesman  Co.  of  Detroit,  Mich., 
five  of  their  vending  machines  called  the 
Universal  Salesman.  The  machines  were 
supposed  to  be  new,  but  on  examination 
after  the  trade  was  made  I  found  they  had 
been  in  use,  but  was  assured  they  were  in 
good  working  order  and  same  as  new. 
After  the  salesman  had  gone  and  I  put 
the  machines  to  work,  I  found  they  were 
continually  out  of  order  and  anything  but 
satisfactory.  I  also  had  a  contract  as 
agent  for  the  sale  in  Arkansas  or  a  State 
right  if  I  could  sell  five  more  machines, 
otherwise  I  only  had  a  county  right.  From 
the  beginning  the  machines  had  been  a 
failure  on  account  of  getting  out  of  order. 
It  is  alleged  that  the  agent  who  sold  to 
him  violated  an  Arkansas  law  by  not  having 
a  license  to  do  business  in  the  State. 
There  is  about  $500  involved  and  if  you 
can  do  anything  for  me  I  will  appreci¬ 
ate  it.  E.  p.  w. 

Arkansas. 

The  Automatic  Penny  Stores  Com¬ 
pany,  of  New  York,  says  that  they  have 
taken  over  the  business  of  the  Universal 
Salesman  Company,  and  find  from  the 
correspondence  that  this  complainant 
made  a  purchase  of  machines  under 
regular  contract,  there  being  no  special 
provision  in  the  same.  They  also 
volunteer  the  information  that  they  re¬ 
fuse  to  be  blackmailed,  whatever  that 
means.  There  is,  of  course,  no  possible 
hope  of  doing  anything  for  this  com¬ 
plainant.  We  give  space  to  it  only  as 
a  warning  against  propositions  of  the 
kind.  You  are  always  told  of  the  big 
profits  that  are  in  store  for  you  with 
salaries  and  State  management  or  State 
agencies,  or  other  alluring  titles,  but 
when  it  is  all  summed  up  in  the  last 
analysis,  you  have  parted  with  your 
money  for  something  you  don’t  want, 
and  you  find  yourself  out  of  a  job  and 
out  of  an  income. 

I  purchased  an  igniter  of  the  K-W  Igni¬ 
tion  Company  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  Octo¬ 
ber,  1908.  It  caused  trouble  and  I  X’eturned 
it,  as  they  instructed,  in  September,  1909, 
less  than  a  year  after  its  purchase.  I  actu¬ 
ally  turned  it  over  to  their  representative 
before  the  year  was  up.  The  guarantee 
covered  a  year.  They  returned  it  C.  O.  D. 
with  repair  charges  of  $5.  Their  excuse  is 
that  the  igniter  had  been  out  over  a  year. 
They  make  t\vo  different  excuses.  Each  of 
their  three  letters  contradicts  the  others. 
None  of  the  excuses  falls  within  the  guar¬ 
antee.  The  bearing  shaft  became  hot  and 
finally  stuck  so  that  it  could  not  be  turned 
by  hand.  They  claim  that  this  particular 
bearing  will  last  indefinitely.  It  gave  out 
in  August.  I  sent  it  to  them  in  September 
and  they  held  it  until  November  and  make 
their  delay  in  making  repairs  an  excuse  for 
charges.  '  n.  l.  w. 

Farmers  who  use  gas  engines,  par¬ 
ticularly  those  who  use  automobiles,  will 
be  interested  in  this  complaint.  The  ex¬ 
cuse  for  the  charge  is  certainly  a  novel 
one.  The  concern  guarantees  its  imple¬ 
ments  for  a  year.  It  might  on  this 
theory  delay  the  repairs  in  every  in¬ 
stance  until  the  year  was  up  and  then 
claim  immunity  from  its  guarantee  be¬ 
cause  the  repairs  were  not  done  within 
the  year’s  limit.  We  had  supposed  that 
a  guarantee  of  this  kind  covered  the 
damage  within  a  year  and  not  their 
privilege  of  delay  in  repairing,  j.  j.  d. 


THRIFTY 

STOCK 

PAYS 

MORE  MONEY 

GIVES 

MORE  SATISFACTION. 

NO  STOCK  CAN  THRIVE  IF  PESTERED 
WITH  LICE  .TICKS,  MITES,  FLEAS, 

SCAB, MANGE, AND  OTHER  SKIN 
DISEASES. 

TO  CLEAN  OUT  THESE 
PARASITES,  GUARD  AGAINST 
CONTAGIOUS  DISEASES, 
CLEANSE,  PURIFY,  AND 
DEODORIZE. USE 


mm 


Kreso 
Dip  N?1 


BETTER  THAN  OTHERS, BECAUSE,  IT  IS 

STANDARDIZED, 

UNIFORM, DEPENDABLE,  EFFICIENT.  ONE 
GALLON  OF  KRESO  DIP  NO.I  MAKES  60 
TO  100  GALLONS  OF  SOLUTION(DEPENDING 
UPON  WHAT  USE  IS  TO  BE  MADE  OF  IT) 

A  REAL  NECESSITY  ABOUT 
H0RSES,CATTLE, SHEEP, SWINE, 
DOGS,  GOATS  AND  POULTRY. 

FOR  SALE  BY  ALL  DRUGGISTS. 
WRITE  FOR  FREE  CIRCULARS.  ASK  FOR  LEAFLET 
DESCRIBING  A  NEW  CEMENT  HOG  WALLOW.  IF  YOU  | 
ARE  INTERESTED. 

PARKE,  DAVIS  &C0, 

^  DEPARTMENT  OF  ANIMAL 
INDUSTRY. 

*  >>  '\\\ DETROIT, MICH> 

0-^':,,  1  M  u.S.A. 


w 


KM!  POULTRY  SUPPLIES 


Everything  for  the  poultryman  at  low  prices:  Auto¬ 
matic  Feeders,  Hall  Mammoth  and  Model  Incuba¬ 
tors.  Feed,  Remedies,  Hen-e-ta,  Bat  Corn,  Liverine, 
LegBands,etc.  Prompt  shipments.  W  rite  for  catalog. 

67  BARCLAY  ST. 
New  York 


HARRIES  &  BENEDICT  CO. 


are  demanded  and  used  by  successful 
poultrymeu  everywhere  because  our 
sods  are  reliable.  Every  ounce  of  grain  is 
ean  and  nourishing.  Lowest  prices.  Full 
eight.  Prompt  shinments.  Satisfaction 
naranteed.  Send  today  for  Booklet  and 
REE  Souvenir.  Don’t  delay. 


FOODS 


MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1844 
R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 


CHICKS  Baby  CHICKS 

S  C.  WHITE  LEGHORN  CHICKS  of  Standard  Quality. 

We  guarantee  chicks  to  lie  hatched  from  eggs  laid 
by  our  own  breeders  and  shipped  only  when  day-old. 

We  Can  Please  You.  We  Will  Please  You. 

Mammoth  Hot  Water  Incubator  having  a  capa¬ 
city  of  10,200  eggs. 

Have  Your  Orders  Booked.  Circular  Free. 

SPRING  WATER  POULTRY  FARM,  Stockton,  New  Jersey. 


HONE’S  "BRED  TO  LAY”  R.  C.  REDS  and  MAMMOTH 
BRONZE  TURKEYS  win  at  Schenectady.  1911,  1st  and 

3rd  hen;  2nd  and  3rd  pullet;  2nd  and  3rd  cock¬ 
erel;  1st  Bronze  Tom,  and  3rd  pullet.  A  prize  for 
every  bird  exhibited.  Eggs  from  choice  matings 
at  reasonable  prices.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  D.  R. 
HONE,  Crescent  Hill  Farm,  Sharon  Springs,  N.  Y. 


PI  A  KIT  DDfHITE  TURKEY  EGGS,  $3.00  per 
UlANI  DnUniL  10;  Rose  Comb  R.  I.  Red 
Eggs,  $1.00  per  15;  Indian  Runner  Duck  Eggs.  $1.00 
per  10.  SHROPSHIRE  SHEEP. 

H.  J.  VAN  DYKE,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 


WH 


AND  BRONZE  TURKEY  EGGS-Chicken  Ebbs.  Hand 
some  Catalog  2  ct 


stamp,  showing  pure  wild  gobbler  from  the  moun 

tain.  VALLEY  VIEW  POULTRY  FARM,  Belleville,  Pa 


Indian  Runner  Ducks  'S^vyi.*#*^ 

Eggs,  $1.50  per  13;  $8.00  per  100.  F.  J.  FULLER 
Waterport,  Orleans  County,  New  York. _ • 

MINISINK  POULTRY  FARM  _C0. 

Single  Comb  Leghorn  Hatching  Eggs — 95#  fertility 
guaranteed  or  money  refunded — $10  per  hundred 

a  _  1-  \vAT)fnu  YT7  A  HAD  T>  A 


WRIGHT’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTE  WINNERS-Eggs,  $4.50 
for  100.  Baby  Chix,  $12.50  for  100;  $7.00  for  50. 
GRAND  VIEW  FARM,  Stanfordville,  N.  Y. 


SNOW  WHITE  WYANDOTTE  EGGS  for  hatching,  $1  per  15, 

$5  per  100.  A  few  good  Cockerels.  Circular  free. 
GOLDENROD  FARM,  De>t.  R,  Stewartstown,  Pa. 


CUPP  FOR  HATCHING,  from  big,  vigorous,  farm-raised 
LUUO  Barred  Rocks,  $5  per  100;  Pullets,  $2  each. 
G.  T.  HUGHES,  Watchung,  New  Jersey. 


White  Wyandottes-Si!i»sPS-,'n°l 

satisfaction.  Selected  eggs,  one  dollar  per  fifteen. 

L.  A.  PAGE,  Old  Bridge,  New  Jersey. 


DHIII  TDYMCM- Send  10  cents  for  our  fine  60 
lU  U  L  I  II  I  It)  Lli  page  Illustrated  Catalogue 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Marietta,  Pa 


WHITE  WYAND0TTES  and  Indian  "Genuine  Fawn”  Runner 
Ducks.  Grand  Win  and  Lay  Strains.  Stock  and 
Eggs  at  honest  prices.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

Write  0WNLAND  FARM.  Box  497,  Soutii  Hammond,  N.  Y. 


RICHLAND  FARMS. 

Breeders  and  Exhibitors  of 
S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS,  * 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS, 

S.  C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS. 
Our  Prices  Hatchinfl  Ebbs— S.  C.  White  Leghorns— One 
setting,  15  eggs,  $2;  two  settings,  30  eggs,  $3.50; 
three  settings,  45  eggs,  $4.75;  one  hundred  eggs,  $8; 
one  thousand  eggs,  $70.  White  Plymouth  Rocks  and  S.  C. 
Black  Orpingtons— One  setting,  15  eggs,  $2.50  and  $5; 
one  hundred  eggs,  $14  and  $28.  Fertility  Guaranteed. 

Our  Prices  Baby  Chicks— S.  C.  White  LeBhorns— Fifty  or 
less,  each,  20  cents;  one  hundred,  $15;  one  thousand, 
$125.  White  Plymouth  Rocks  and  S.  C.  Black  Orpingtons— 
Fifty  or  less,  each,  30  cents:  one  hundred,  $25,  We 
guarantee  sate  arrival  of  CHICKS  in  first-class 
condition. 

RICHLAND  FARMS,  Frederick,  Md. 


Bonnie  Brae  White  Leg- 
herns  and  Pekin  Ducks 


ARE  BETTER 
than  ever. 
Eggs  from  our 
heavy  layiug 
strains  now 
ready;  also  some  choice  matings  of  Barred  and 
White  Plymouth  Rocks,  Rose  Comb  White  Leg¬ 
horns,  White  Wyandottes,  Single  and  Rose  Comb 
Rhode  Island  Reds,  Light  Brahmas,  Mammoth 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Pearl  Guinea  Fowl.  Orders 
for  early  settings  and  baby  chicks  now  booked. 
Get  some  prize  matings  at  right  prices.  BONNIE 
BRAE  POULTRY  FARM,  NEW  ROCHELLE,  N  Y.  Largest 
successful  plant  in  New  York  vicinity.  10,000-egg 
capacity.  Agents  for  Cyphers  Incubator  Company. 
Correspondence  invited. 


MT.  PLEASANT  FARM 

A  b  reeding  establishment  of  250  acres, 
devoted  to  developing  the  best 

s.  c.  w.  legiiohivs 

Fine  Breeding  Cockerels  at  reasonable  prices. 

MT.  PLEASANT  FARM.  Box  Y,  HAVRE  BE  GRACE.  Maryland. 


EMAVS  S.  G.  W,  LEGHORN 

Breeding  Hens  at  low  price  to  make  room.  Also 
promising  Cockerels  cheapin  quantities.  Also  K  I. 
Beds.  Eggs  for  hatching.  St.  Moritz  Farm,  Ramsey,  N.J. 


EMPIRE  STATE  S,  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Winners  at  N.  Y.  State  Fair.  Heavy  layers;  trios, 
$5.  Eggs  for  hatching,  $1  for  15,  $5  for  100.  Cata¬ 
logue  free.  C.  H.  ZIMMER,  Weedsport,  N.  Y. 


SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS — Hatching  eggs  from 
vigorous  birds  a  specialty.  Quality  kind  at 
right  xtrices.  Famous  Lakewood  strain. 

SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington,  N.  J. 


Eggs  For  Hatching-?;,,,!; 

Indian  Runner  Ducks.  High-class  stock — 
utility,  show  or  export  SINCLAIR  SMITH,  602 
Fifth  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


AllStill'S  C.  R.  I.  REDS— 200-egg  strain.  Eggs, 
mi.niii  o  $1.50  per  setting.  Prices'  on  quantities. 
AUSTIN  POULTRY  FARM,  Centre  Harbor,  N.  H. 


Greider’s  Fine  Catalogue 

of  pure  bred  poultry,  for  1911,  over  200 
pages,  57  colored  pictures  of  fowls,  calen- 
darfor  each  month,  illustrations,  descrip¬ 
tions,  photos,  incubators,  brooders,  and 
all  details  concerning  the  business,  where 
and  how  to  buy  fine  poultry,  eggs  for 
hatching,  supplies,  etc.,  at  lowest  cost. 
Send  15c.  B.  H.  Greider,  Box  58 ,  Rheems.  P*. 


LAKEHILL  FARM 

W.  H.  THACHUR. 

Single  and  Rose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W.  P.  Rocks 
and  Imp.  Pekin  Ducks.  Cockerels  and  Ducks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  in  any  quantity  from  $2  up. 
Chicks,  $15  per  HJU  Ducklings,  $25  per  IUU.  Write 
for  special  prices  in  large  lots.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  ot  hatching  eggs  and  day  old  chicks 
and  ducklings.  Safe  delivery  guaranteed.  Satis¬ 
faction.  CARL  W.  Ll.OYD,  Mgr.,  HILLSIDE, 
Westchester  County.  N.  Y. 


The  Big  White  Egg  Makers 

Rose  Comb  Black  Minorcas,  Indian  Runner  Ducks. 

The  Big  White  Birds 

Crystal  White  Orpingtons — Utilities,  Beauties. 
Year  round  layers.  Eggs  for  batching.  Circular 
free.  F.  N.  ADAMS,  Route  1,  Orweli.,  Ohio. 


Davis  S.  C,  Reds  i",K°  COCKERELS 

$3  and  $5  each.  EGGS  FOR  HATCHING. 
BABY  CHICKS— $15  and  $20  per  100  after  March  1. 

BOOK  ORDERS  NOW.  Davis  Poultry  Farm,  Berlin,  Mass. 


THOROUGH-BRED  POULTRY-Best  twenty  varieties. 
•K  Good  stock.  Eggs,  15,  $1;  40,  $2.  Catalogue. 
H.  K.  MOHR,  Quakortown,  Pa.,  Route  3. 


r\  fj  EGOS  $1.00 — leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
L  U  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Large  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  l’a. 


TESTED  EGGS  FOR  HATCHING 

White  Wyandottes,  Dustin  strain, 50,  $5.00;  100,  $8.00 
FRANK  HYDE,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 


Pfllll  TRY-35  ^est  Breeds.  Bred  for  Laying. 
IUULI  11  I  Large  circular  illustrated  in  colors 
Free.  JOHN  E.  IlEATWOLE,  Harrisonburg,  Va. 


THE  FARMER’S  F0WL-R  ose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 


EGGS — $1  per  15,  $2  per  40  of  Thor.  Brahma®.  Bocks,  Wyan¬ 
dot!  es,  lied®,  Minorca®,  Houdans, Leghorns,  llamburgs:  19  var., 
28  years’  experience.  Catalogue.  S.  K.  Mohr,  Coopersburg,  Pa. 


American  Poultry  Plant.  Collins,  Ohio— Kelleistraas 
Crystal  W.  Orpingtons,  Wyckoff  8.  C.  W.  Leghorns,  Mammoth 
White  Holland  Turkeys,  White  African  Guineas,  Indian  Bonner 
Ducks.  Stock  A  eggs  for  hatching.  500  choice  male  birds  for  sale 


Buff,  Wh.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  8.  C.R.I.  Red. 
Eggs,  90e  per  15,  $1.50  per  30.  $2.75  per  60,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertuwn,  Pa. 


PRIZE  WINNING  STRAINS!  ?vTftde 

dottes,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  both  combs,  Single 
Comb  White  and  Brown  Leghorns,  eggs  $1.50,  15; 
$7.00,  100.  Light  and  Dark  Brahmas,  $2.00,  15.  Cat¬ 
alog  gratis.  F.  M.  PRESCOTT,  Riverdale,  N.  J. 


Pure  White  PLYMOUTH  ROCK  EGGS 

For  hatching,  bred  directly  from  the  Graves  strain; 
acknowledged  e  erywhere  as  the  leading  strain  of 
this  popular  variety.  No  pains  or  expense  has 
been  spared  in  obtaining  and  mating  up  some 
grand  birds. 

Exhibition  Mating;. .. .$4.00  per  15 

Utility  Mating .  3.00  per  15 

A  few  choice  Cockerels  for  sale  cheap. 

MRS.  C.  S.  GREENE, 

New  Brighton,  Staten  Island,  New  Y’ork 


FOR  SALE— Four  White  Holland  Toms.  Also  Eggs 
in  Spring.  Mrs.  F.  J.  RIDER,  Rodman,  N.  Y. 


DAY-OLD  CHKKS-S,  C.  W.  Leghorns,  $12 
per  100;  S.  C.  R.  I.  Reds,  $15  per  100.  Hatching 
eggs,  exhibition  and  utility.  THE  WINONA 
FARMS,  Drawer  272,  Lansdale,  Pa. 


1811. 

CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  March  11,  1911. 
FARM  TOPICS. 

Experience  With  the  Use  of  Hairy 

Vetch  for  Cover  Crops .  306 

Truth  About  “'Back  to  the  Land” ...  .  306 

Shade  Trees  for  Pasture .  306 

What  About  “Miracle”  Wheat? .  308 

Seed  Potatoes  and  Scab . 308 

Prices  at  Canning  Factory .  318 

Lime  With  Muck .  320 

Speltz  .  329 

Farmers’  Insurance  .  329 

Potato  Flea-Beetle  .  330 

Tenant  System  in  Ohio .  330 

Manure  Spreader  Notes .  332 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

Returns  from  an  Ohio  Steer . 

Shal  It  Be  Hens  or  Hogs? . 

Those  89  New  Jersey  Hens . 

The  Other  Side  of  “Horse  Companies” 

Silage  and  Tuberculosis . 

Handling  a  Colt . 

“A  Pint  is  a  Pound” . 

Effect  of  Cotton  Seed . 

Alfalfa  and  ttfrain . 

Value  of  Feeding  Stuffs . 

Weight  of  Silage-Price . 

Women  Milkers  . 

Green  Fodder  Crops  for  Connecticut.. 

Rape  and  Milk  . 

Storing  Brewers’  Grains . 

Corn  Fodder  for  Five  Cows . 

Exercise  for  Dairy  Cows . 

Handy  Poultry  House . . . 

Summer  Silage  Without  a  Silo.  Part  I. 

What  is  “Pure  Blood”  and  “Regis¬ 
tered  ?”  . 

The  Hen  Woman’s  Hens . 

Cooked  Feed  for  Poultry . 

Roup  Remedy  . 

Stone  Poultry  Houses  . 

Shavings  for  Litter . 

HORTICULTURE. 

Fire  Blight  and  How  to  Treat  It . 

Making  Baldwins  Bear  Every  Year.  .  .  . 

Size  of  Orchard  Trees . 

.American  Pomological  Meeting.  Part  I. 

The  Cause  of  Winter-Killing . 

Planting  in  Crowbar  Holes . 

Western  Blackberries 


305 

306 
306 
328 
328 
331 

331 

332 
332 

332 

333 
333 
333 
333 
333 

333 

334 

335 

336 

338 

340' 

340 

340 

340 

340 


As  they  some, 
times  are. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

As  “  8AVi:.THK-HOKSK*> 

can  make  them. 


343 


308 

309 
309 

311 

312 
312 

312 

313 

314 

314 

315 
317 

319 

320 
320 
320 
320 
320 
320 
323 
323 
323 
323 


326 

326 

326 

327 
327 
327 
327 
327 
327 


Training  and  Pruning  the  Grapevine.. 

Planting  Trees  in  Brush . 

Guarantee  for  Trees . 

Plain  Facts  About  Spraying . 

Nut  Growing  in  the  North . 

A  Wisconsin  Garden . 

Over-production  of  Apples . 

Hogs  in  Young  Orchard . 

Crimson  Clover  in  Peach  Orchard . 

Neglected  Apple  Trees . 

Whitewashing  Trees;  Improving  Sod.. 

Rank  Growth  of  Peaches . 

Fine  Points  of  Spraying . 

Transplanting  Young  Trees . 

Apples  for  Virginia . 

Grape  Disease  in  Mexico . 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day . 

Molasses  Vinegar  . 

Popovers  . 

The  Rural  Patterns  . 

Painting  a  Rogers  Group . 

Custard  Potatoes  . 

Spaghetti  Croquettes  . .  .  <• . 

Mock  Duck  . 

Sweet  Cream  Cookies  . 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Parcels  Post  in  Great  Britain .  306 

Other  People’s  Money .  319 

Editorials  .  324 

Two  Commission  House  Bills .  329 

The  Grange  and  Canadian  Reciprocity  329 

Another  Parcels  Post  Convert .  331 

Products,  Prices  and  Trade .  339 

Publisher’s  Desk  .  342 


Fresh  Dug'  Nursery  Stock. 

A  complete  assortment  of  the  finest  Genesee  Valley 
Grown  Fruit  Trees,  etc,  Stock  guaranteed,  prices 

n8ht'catae]ognfe0r  free  L- w-  HALL&CO.,  Rochester,  N.Y. 

M  A  N  A  G F  R~Au  aggressive  up-to-date  American, 
mmmuuii  experienced  in  crops,  help  manage¬ 
ment,  dairying  and  buttermaking,  seeks  position  as 
farm  manager  April  1.  References.  Near  Boston 
preferred.  A.  CHAMBERLIN,  Southboro,  Mass. 

POST  CARDS — 10 beautiful  emb.  Easter,  10c;  25 Comic, 
assorted,  10c.  Swanson  Card  Co.,  Cannon  Falls,  Minn. 

Hothouse  Lambs,  Poultry,  Calves,  Fancy  Eggs 

Ship  tn  W.  H.  COHEN  8  CO.,  229  Washinoton  St.,  New  York. 

DLIQASE  semi  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com- 
1  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter, 
Eggs,  Poultry.  Pork,  Calves.  Hay,  Grain.  Beans, 
Appies.  etc.  K.  It.  WOODWARD,  802  Greenwich  St.,  N.Y. 

JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  COMPANY, 

Commission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York, 
Poultry,  Eggs,  Meats,  Produce.  Shipments  Solicited. 

Boston  Produce  Go. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 


93-95  South  Market  St., 


Boston. 


A  60  ACRE  FARM  FOR  SALE^fijy'fiEgS; 

no  buildings,  no  stock.  Apply  to  owner, 

MINISINK  FARM,  North  Water  Gap,  Pa. 


BEFORE  BUYING  send  for  our  descriptive  catalogue 
„of  Delaware  and  Maryland  Farms,  FREE. 
FORD  &  REIS  (Inc.),  Dept.  H,  Wilmington,  Del. 

COR  SALE. — Ninety  acres,  eight  room  house,  base- 
1  ment  barn,  30  by  42,  cementfloor.  Fruit.  One- 
fourth  mile  from  school.  Price,  $2,500.  $1,000  cash. 
Stock  and  tools  can  be  bought.  HALL'S  FARM 
AGE  ICY,  Owego,  Tioga  County,  New  York. 


CAROLINA 


XJCU1U 

COUNTRY 


AN  IDEAL  FARM 
AND  HOME  IN 
THE  SOUTH 

P  A  J1  C  T  Thousands  op  Acres— Rich, 

Ll  11  A  u  I  Black  Sandy  Loam  Soil;  Virgin 

w  w  ri  v  Lands,  fronting  on  the  ocean. 

A  new  country  opened 
up  by  the  completion  of 
.  a  large  railroad  system. 

Finest  climate  in  the  world;  Summer  all  Winter 
and  Winter  all  Summer.  Low  priced  lands. 
Low  freight  rates,  and  quick  transportation  to  the 
great  Eastern  cities.  Only  twelve  hours  from  New 
York.  It  only  costs  twenty-five  cents  to  take 
a  barrel  of  potatoes  to  twenty  million  people. 
vVrite  us  for  Free  Illustrated  Booklet,  Maps,  etc. 
Address  W.  W.  CROXTON,  G.P.A.,  Norfolk 
Southern  R.  R„  Dept.  D,  Norfolk,  Va. 


Time  and  Hardest  Work  Can’t  Bring  It  Back! 

Lisbon,  Ohio,  Oct.  4,  1910.  I  want  to  say  there  is  no  use  of 
anyone  driving  a  lame  horse  if  they  will  Just  try  “  Save-Thc- 
Hors®*  1 JVA  on®  80  larae  1  could  n°t  use  him.  After  using 
one  bottle  of  Save-The-Horse  *  *  he  has  never  taken  a  lame  step, 
and  I  drive  Jum  every  day  in  my  business,  which  is  serving  pa¬ 
pers  over  the  hilhest  county  in  the  state.  You  can  use  this  with 
pleasure,  as  this  is  absolutely  a  voluntary  testimonial. 

W.  C.  Davidson,  Sheriff  of  Col.  Co. 

E*  ۥ  MESSIER, 

Engineer,  Real  Estate  and  Insurance* 

1008  Elm  Street,  Manchester,  N.  H.t  Oct.  22,  1910. 

I  sent  $5  for  “Save-Tho-Horse’*  to  euro  a  Bone  Spavin.  At  the 
time  ho  was  not  worth  $1  ;  before  he  had  the  Spavin  I  was  of¬ 
fered  $600.  Four  veterinarians  told  mo  he  was  incurable,  so  I 
felt  blue,  as  you  might  believo.  Since  one  month  after  treating 
him  with  “Saye-Tho-Horse”  he  has  not  taken  a  lame  step  and  I 
have  driven  him  every  day,  and  even  thirty  miles  the  same  day. 
“Save-The-Horse**  has  done  more  than  four  doctors  in  a  year. 
Now  it  seems  exaggerated,  but  anyone  in  doubt  can  call  at  the 
neighbors  to  prove  what  I  say,  and  furthermore,  the  horse  can 
give  them  a  ride,  and  probably  one  of  the  best  In  their  lifetime. 

I  cannot  say  enough  to  praise  your  remedy.  E.  C.  Messier. 

$5.00  a  Bofiie  With  Signed  GUARANTEE 

A  binding  CONTRACT  to  protect  pnrehaser  absolntely  in 
treating  and  curing  any  caso  of  Bone  and  Bo*  Spavin,  Thorough- 
pin,  Ring-bone  (except  low).  Curb,  Splint,  Capped  Hoeka  Wmdpoff, 
Shoeboil,  Injured  Tendons  and  all  Lameness.  No  scar  or  loss  of 
hair.  Horse  works  as  usual.  Send  for  copy  of  contract,  book¬ 
let  on  all  lameness  and  letters  qp  every  kind  of  case. 

At  all  druggists  and  dealers,  or  express  paid*  ' 

Troy  Chemical  Co.  Com’l  ave.Binghamton,N.Y. 


Offers  every  convenience  of  any  hay  car¬ 
rier,  and  excels  all  others  in  easy  draft 
and  long  service.  All  troubles  are  elimi¬ 
nated;  saves  labor  and  repairs;  and  holds 
the  load  at  any  point. 

Result  of  40  Years’  Experience 

Many  different  styles  adapted  for  every 
requirement.  Tell  us  your  needs,  and  w'e 
will  forward  the  advice  of  specialists. 
Send  for  our  booklet  showing  hay  and 
litter  carriers,  stanchions,  hay  forks  and 
slings.  Agents  wanted  for  BarnSpecialties. 

The  Bicker  Mfe.  Co.,  ft"? 


FAST  WORK 


Used  on 
Thousand* 
of  farms— 
Get  the  Free 
Booh  that 
Tells  you 
About  It 


RSo  Head 

Furrows 


THE 

NATIONAL 

REVERSIBLE  D|  AIM 
SULKY  rS-vIt? 

Right  or  left  hand  sulky  or  walking' 
Plow— works  perfectly  on  hilly  ground 
in  any  soil.  Have  your  dealer  show  it 
or  write  for  Free  Book  today. 

Belcher  &  Taylor  A.  T.  Co. 

Box  75,  Chicopee  Falls,  Mass. 


Y°i1ifnSavel  Iowa 

30%  on  I  Gates 

I  want  to  send  you  my 
1911  Iowa  Gate  proposi¬ 
tion— how  Iowa  Gates  outlast  from  five  - 
to  twelve  board  grates  and  ali  metal  crates 
—saving  you  30% . 

c  AT^ut  h°  sho„'X  Xou  how  t0  Pave  810  ON  EVERY 
and  my  1 80  DAYS’  FREE  TRIAL. 

I  send  you  f1  WNG  ’  SIGNS>  Free-  How  many  shall 

i *or  Free  sltfns  and  the  most  surpris¬ 
ing  gate  offer  ever  made.  Address  Jos.  is.  Clay, Mgr., 

IOWA  GATE 
COMPANY 

3b th  Street 
Cedar  Falla, 
Iowa 


WE  SAVE  YOU  $5  TO  $7 

On  Your  Incubator  and  Brooder 

Before  you  pay  any  price  to  any. 
body,  write  us  quiekfor  our  start¬ 
ling  offer  on  highest  quality  ma¬ 
chines  made.  A  real  hatcher  und 
brooder  at  a  price  that  makes  this 
the  rbiggest  genuine  bargain  of 
tho  year.  iiSSTAKsULTS  and  “lOUEST 
PROFITS  for  owner,.  Wait  till  you  get  our  H  30  Days’ 
booh  and  price  before  you  buy.  '  Address  *  Free  Trial  I 
Dj^JnitedFactorie^^DegtjX^ljrievrqaraLO. 


I  Promise 

To  Save  You 
$37  to  $300 
On  a  Gasoline  Engine 

GET  my  new  1911  Engine  Book— and 
convince  yourself.  I’ll  positively 
prove  just  how  I  save  you  $37  on 
al^H.P.  and  $105.50  on  a  5  H.P.  Engine. 
No  matter  what  power  you  need— or 
what  work  you  want  to  do — be  sure  to 
send  me  your  name.  A  Postal  will  do. 

5  H.  P.  Gasoline  Engine 

0n,y  “I  *1  Q  SO  For  Pumping 
$1  and  all  Chores 

The  greatest  work-saver  and  money-earner 
ever  installed  on  any  farm.  The  only  other 
engine  that  compares  at  all  with  this  Galloway 
is  sold  for  5225.  Here  I  save  you  just  S105.50  and 
give  you  a  better  engine.  Equally  large  savings 
in  proportion  on  all  other  sizes.  Just  send  for 
My  Engine  Book  and  astonishing  proposition 
It  gives  you  the  real  reasons  why  Galloway  .with 
his  enormous  factory,  and  the  steady  trade  of 
thousands  of  his  farmer  friends  can  offer  the  best 
Gasoline  Engines  and  save  you  from  537.00  to 
5300.00.  AndeveryEngine  is  covered  by  the  Gallo¬ 
way  guarantee,  and  sold  to  you  on  30  days  to 
365  days  free  trial.  1  want  to  make  you  my 
special  proposition.  Just  send  me 
your  name  on  a  postal.  Address  me 
personally,  Wm.  Galloway,  Pres. 

Wm.  Galloway -Company 

Galloway  Station 


Waterloo,  Iowa 
Get  This 

Free  Book 


To  Move  Quickly 


— A  choice  lot  at  low 
,  _  ,  cost— W.  and  B.  Leg¬ 

horns,  8.  L.  and  W.  Wyandottes,  R.  and  8.  C. 
Rods,  W.  and  Barred  Rocks.  Write  for  just  what 
you  want  in  your  first  letter  and  we  will  be  sure  to 
please  you.  MAPLE  COVE  POULTRY  YARDS,  Athens,  Pa, 

CLARK’S  SINGLE  COMB  REDS  won  fifty-four  ribbons 
in  1910,  including  twenty  first  prizes.  Also  the 
Rhode  Island  Red  Club  State  Chip  and  Specials 
tor  shape  and  color.  Choice  stock  and  eggs  for 
sale.  Send  for  mating  list.  G.  D,  CLARK,  Brook- 
side  Poultry  Yards,  Bellows  Falls,  Vermont. 

SI N G I.K-COJIB  White  Orpingtons,  Kellorstrnss strain.  K'-C:;s  for 
hutching  $3  per  15;  troni  prize  whining  stock,  three  cockerels 
tr>  each.  W.  A.  KAISER,  2703  Jamaica  A ve., Richmond  Illil,L.I. 

S.  C.  RHODE 
ISLAND  RED 

from  prize  matings  and  heavy  laying  utility  stock. 
Orders  filled  promptly.  For  matings  and  price  list 
address  H.  J.  SEARS,  Danvers,  Mass. 

FOR  SALEv®-  White  Leghorns  (Young’s 
V1  v"l,L  Strain)  eggs  for  hatching,  $5  per  10(1, 
$40  per  1000,  L.  MOORE,  Route  1,  Ellenville,  N.  Y. 

R.  C.  R  I  RFD^-BEST  winter  layers. 

5?"  7  *1’  '*  ■•CUO  Eggs  for  hatching,  $1  for  15. 
K.  F.  DEMAREST,  Mt.  View,  Passaic  Co.,  N.  j. 


EGGS  FOR  HATCHING 


S.  C,  White  Leghorns-“r'LsEt^S 
Wyckoff’s  straijrfifi  SrssS; 

EGGS  and  ST0CK'AK1j'  ’’""r.  F.  O.^PEEKSKILL,  N.  Y. 


jpe|»d  Ca|a — One  handsome  looking  and  good 
J.WI  y _  Fox  Hound,  one  partly  broken, 
81  ENGER  E.  PITT,  Pomona,  Rockland  Co.,  N.  Y. 


FOR  SALE  OR  EXCHANGE. 

Hackney  and  Standard  Bred  Brood  Mares,  Stal¬ 
lions  and  Fillies,  Aberdeen  Angus  cattle.  Could 
use  Percherou  mares,  mules,  automobile— new. 
V-°,,VK1Pr,i:;U;Uo"  of  Stock.  DELAWARE  STOCK 
i- ARM,  Myer  &  Son,  Prop.,  Bridgeville,  Del. 


SHIRE  BULL  CALF  FOR  SALE — Born  Nov. 
1,  1910,  also  yearling  bull.  These  are  good  ones, 
backed  by  advanced  register  stock  and  at  reason¬ 
able  prices.  O.  XV.  BBUSIF,  Alillerton,  N.  Y. 


COR  SALE— Three  Jersey  heifers,  a  year  old  In  May. 
■  $20  and  $25  each.  Out  of  a  Register  of  Merit 

bull.  GEO.  L.  FERRIS,  Atwater,  N.  Y. 


FROST 
WIRE  FENCES 

Extra  Heavy  Weight  Farm  Fences.  Built  I 
tor  service  and  satisfaction.  Quality 
first  consideration.  Best  mnterlKl  and 
workmanship  used  tn  our  Woven 
Wire  or  Field  Erected  Fences. 
Ask  vour  dealer.  FREE  catalog. 

THE  FROST  WIRE  FENCE  CO. 

Dspt.  H  Cleveland,  O. 


Meeker 

Disc  Smoothing  Harrow, 

Onion  Seed  Drills  and  Hand  Wheel  Foes. 
Southport  Globe  Onion  Seed. 

Send  for  Catalogue  and  Prices. 

THE  C.  0.  JELLIFF  MFG.  CORP. 

Southport,  Connecticut 

WANTFn~7Agents  to  se'l  Farmers’  Account  Book. 
ii  mii  i  lu  Indorsed  by  Farmers.  Big  Inducements. 
Act  quick.  Address.  L.  L.  SYPHERS,  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. 

WUNTFn — ‘^Lt  onee — Good,  reliable  man  as 

If  Sill  I  kll  toamster.  Steady  employment  on 
large  farm,  northern  N.  J.  Address  89886,  Care  R.-N.-Y. 

Yd  !l  NR  MAN  WITH  PRACTICAL  EXPERIENCE  and  t.rain- 
■  uuiiu  tn  Mil  ing  at  Cornell  wishes  position  as 
farm  overseer,  P.E.J.,11  Greystone  Terrace.Yonkers.N.Y. 

EGGS  “INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS -Barred 

mmw  Plymouth  Rocks,  Mammoth  Broi-ze  Tur¬ 
keys  and  Pearl  Guineas.  Write  for  free  pi  ice  list. 

I  oplar  Lawn  Farms,  West  Falls,  N.  Y. 


INDIAN  RUNNER  ducks  and  drakes,  from  200  egg  strain. 
•  Light  Brahmas.  C.  GORDON,  Sprakers,  K.Y. 


IA/HITE  EGG  STRAIN  INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS-Thor- 

V,  oughbred,  vigorous  birds.  Wonderful  layers 
ot  large  white  eggs;  mated  with  imported  drakes, 
well  marked,  fawn  and  white;  $2.00  for  12;  Buff 
Orpingtons,  $1.50  for  15.  Liberal  discount  for  incu¬ 
bator  eggs.  Cheery  Hill  Farms,  Pittstown,  N .  J. 


INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS — Black  Langshan  Eggs  for 
I  sale.  .J,  GORDON  DRAKE,  Port  Huron.  .Mich. 


PpIlTSU  STRAIN.  5'a 

r  CAJII  UUI#I%9  to  G  lbs.,  at  ten  weeks  old. 
Eggs  tor  Hatching,  $1.50  per  13;  $8  per  100 

CHARLES  S.  l’ULIS.  YVYCKOFF.  >.  J. 


H/HITE  HOLLAND  TURKEYS  from  prize 
VI  winners  at  bargain  prices.  White  Wyandotte 
eggs  lor  hatching.  H.  W.  Anderson,  Stewartstawn,  Pa. 


WhiteHolland  Turkeys 

and  Duston’s  White  Wyandotto  Chicke 


White  Afri¬ 
can  Guineas 

miru.  'fn  . r,  ■,V' — — „vv,  Jliickens.  Walnut 

Hill  Stock  Farm,  N.  Bacon,  Mgr.,  Taleott,  W.  Va. 


BRONZE  G0BBLFRS“No  1,ons  forsaie.  if  you 

i  I  n  n  -  ,  „  ;i  choice  breeding  tom, 

address  L.  0.  Qinoley,  Box  266,  Goshen,  Orange  Co.,  N.  y! 


COCKERPT  Q—Prize  •  Winning  Brewi  ng 

^  Stock-Black  Orpi  gtons 

and  Minorcas.  QU0QUETAUG  FARMS,  Old  Mystic,  Conn. 


COCK  FRF  l  S~A  few  very  fine  breeding 

w  ^  birds-W.  and  Barred  Rocks 

W.  Wyandottes,  R.  and  S.  C.  R.  I.  Reds— at  $3  <tu 

and  $5  each.  Manle  Cove  Poultry  Yards,  Athens,  Pa. 

S.C.  RHODE  ISLAND  REDS  UUSNit* 

At  The  Horseshoe  Road  Poultry  Farm  Write  for 

WM.  R.  BURKHOLDER,  -:-  Box  152,  R.  5,  Lancaster,1' R? 

Van  Alstyne’s  Rhode  Island  Reds 

10  Utility  Cockerels  at  $3.00  each;  100  S  C  Year- 
hng  Mens  at  $2.00  each:  50  S.  C.  surplus  Pullets  at 
$2.o0  each.  Eggs  tor  hatching  in  any  number. 

JAS.  E.  VAN  ALSTVNE,  Kinderhoolt,  N.Y. 

S,  C,  White  Leghorn  BABY  CHICKS 

$10  per  100  in  any  quantity.  Breeders  are  vh-orous 

FARM  BRED  POULTRY-FREE  RANGE 

Partridge  Cochins,  White  Kocks,  Barred 
Rocks,  Partridge  Wyandottes.  Prize  u  in¬ 
ning  strains.  Stock  and  eggs. 

MINCII  BROS.,  R-3,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 


§  (  g  yy  LEGHORN  EGGS  for  hatching. 


Chicks. 


„  Good  laying 
-  strain,  $1  per  15,  $5  per  100.  Also  Baby 
GEO.  LCNDGREEN,  Wyoming,  Del. 


EGGS 


from  high  record  W.  P.  Rook 
Hens,  $2  for  15,  $5  for  45. 

A.  S.  BRIAN,  Mt.  Kisco,  N.  Y. 


WHITE  ROCKS 

Owing  to  need  of  room  must  sacrifice  one  grand 
pen.  Six  pullets  and  cockerel.  Bred  to  lay  strain. 
All  in  prime  condition.  Every  bird  laying  ’  Large" 
healthy,  pure  white  cockorel,  9tfe  pounds.  Will 
sacrifice  this  grand  pen  for  quick  sale,  for  $18,  which 
is  half  their  value.  A.  L.  Vreeland,  Four  Acres.Nutley  N  J. 


Golden  and  Silver 

Swart  Mercantile  Co.,  Mar ^aretvillc,  N.  Y. 

CINE  QUALITY  ORPINGTONS,  black  and  white.  Owens’ 
■  and  Cook’s  strains.  $2  and  $:>  per  sitting,  fit) 
per  100.  REV.  J.  D.  GRAHAM,  Lyon.sville.  Mass. 


13i  Cents  a  Rod 

*r~-v gT  —V-—  Forl8-ln.  14  3-4e  for  23-tn.  Hog  «=«*=»«=* 
Fence;  15c  for  26-lnch;  l8  3-4c 
for  32-ineh;  25e  for  a  47-inch 
Farm  Fence.  48-inch  Poultry- 
fence  28  l-2c.  Sold  on  30  days 
trial.  80  rod  spool  Ideal  Barb 
Wire  SI. 45  Catalogue  free. 

KITSELMAN  BROS., 

Box  230  MUNCIE,  INO. 


Dairymen  Don’t  Doubt 

that  feeding  silage  to  cows  increases  the  flow  of  milk  and  decreases  cost  of  mainte 
nance.  It  has  been  proven  time  and  again.  Nor  do  those  who  have  tried  it  doubt  that 
the  world’s  greatest,  most  convenient  and  profitable  machine  to  use  is  the 

PAPEC  matic  Ensilage  Cutter 


Competitive  tests  have  demonstrated  that  the  PAPEC  will  cut  and  elevate 
better  silage  in  leaa  time  and  with  less  power  than  any  other  blower 
ensilage  cutter.  It  “throws  and  blows"  over  50  feet  without  clogging. 
Easy  to  operate ;  fed  from  ground:  never  clogs  or  gets  out  of  order.  Cast- 
iron  frame — no  wood  to  twist  and  warp.  GUARANTEED. 

Our  new  book,  “How  to  Prepare  Ensilage,”  willinterest  every  dairy¬ 
man  and  farmer.  Write  forit — FREE.  Agents  wanted  in  unoccupied  territory. 
PAPEC  MACHINE  CO.,  Box  10,  Sliortsville,  N.  Y. 
25  Distributing  Points  in  me  U.  S. 


THEPAPEG  A 


344 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


March  11,  1911. 


S 


I'll  Save  Year  Sheep 
S’BB  Save  Your  Hogs 
I'll  Save  Your  Feed 
I  PROVE  it  Before  You  Pay 

> on’t  stand  by  and  let  your  lambs  and  sheep  die  off 
Don’t  let  your  hogs  be  eaten  up  alive — contract 
.diseases  and  die. 

Don’t  let  your  cattle  and  horses  continue  to  look  as 
F  fed  on  straw — thin,  scrawny,  shaggy,  dull — though 
you’re  feeding  them  well. 

^  The  trouble  is  they  are  full  of  worms — full  of  parasites  . 

r  that  are  sapping  their  lives  away — killing  them — eating  up  your  profits, 
’while  you  are  standing  by,  and  wondering  what’s  the  matter.  ^  ^ 

Stop  it — stop  it  quick.  It's  costing  you  a  lot  of  money.  I  will  do  it,  and 
prove  it  before  you  pay  me  a  cent.  All  I  ask  is  a  chance  to  show  you  how 


f»AO»  MAM 


u 


The  Great  Worm  Destroyer  and  Conditioner 

will  quickly  stop  your  losses — how  it  will  straighten  up  your  sick  lambs,  sheep 
hogs  and  other  live  stock — how  it  will  rid  them  of  all  stomach  and  intestinal 
worms  and  parasitic  infection — how  it  will  put  life  and  vim  into  the  blood — aid  ^ 
digestion  and  stimulate  the  appetite— help  them  to  get  more  good  out  of  their  feed 
in  less  time.  You’ll  marvel  at  the  change  Sal-  Vet  will  make. 

Read  what  these  well  known  men  say  about  their  experience  with  Sal- Vet: 


Sal- Vet  is  a  medicated  salt,  containing  seven  medicinal  elements  which  act  like  magic.  It  speedily  gets  rid  of  the  cause  of  disease 
and  death  losses — WORMS — kills  and  expels  them — then  it  puts  the  stomach  and  digestive  organs  in  the  pink  of  condition.  Put 
$  kV  Sal-Vet  where  your  stock  can  get  it  at  all  times — they* ll doctor  themselves — and  you  will  be  astonished  at  the  results,  and 


\  the  cost  is  so  small.  Only  one-twelfth  cent  a  day  for  each  sheep  or  hog. 


%  %<c- 

'  *  * 

\  *  '4%: 


From  the  President  of  the  American 
Shropshire  Association 

“We  have  used  ‘Sal-Vet’  as  a  preventive  of 
worms  in  our  flock  of  sheep,  and  have  great  faith 
in  it.  We  keep  it  before  them  all  the  time,  both 
when  at  pasture  and  in  the  barn. 

“The  sheep  like  it  and  we  can  truthfully  say 
that  our  sheep  are  free  from  worms  although 
we  have  run  sheep  in  our  pasture  quite  thickly 
for  the  past  fifteen  years.” 

HENRY  L.  WARDWELL, 

Springfield  Centre,  N.  Y. 


From  Dr.  C.  D.  Smead,  an  Eminent 
Authority  on  Veterinary  Questions 

‘‘I  have  given  ‘Sal-Vet’  a  good  trial  and 
passed  some  of  it  along  to  my  friends.  I 
find  it  fills  the  bill,  and  do  not  hesitate  to 
recommend  its  use  to  all  live  stock  owners 
as  being  a  most  worthy  compound.  In  my 
judgment  if  farmers  were  to  depend  upon 
it  and  keep  it  before  their  stock  all  the 
time  the  intestinal  worm  problem  would 
be  solved.” 

C.  D.  SMEAD,  V.  S. 


How  ‘Sal-Vet’  Puts  Hoes  In  Prime  Condition 

“I  never  invested  any  money  from  which  I  derived  SO 
much  benefit  as  I  did  from  the  money  paid  for  ‘Sal-Vet.* 
‘‘I  fed  it  to  a  bunch  of  seventeen  hogs.  It  cleaned  out  the 
worms  and  I  never  had  as  good  hogs  as  these.  They  aver¬ 
aged  210  pounds  apiece  at  a  little  over  four  months  old.” 

H.  W.  URY,  R.  D  No.  1,  Evansport,  O. 


efa.  *  A 


Now  Read  My  Personal  Guarantee  Offer  to  You 


•  ♦ 


I  have  such  confidence  in  Sal-Vet  that  I  want  every  farmer  who  has 
sheep,  hogs  and  other  stock  to  try  it  at  my  risk.  I  know  it  will  rid 


'«■  your  animals  of  worms  and  work  wonderful  results  in  putting 

them  in  tip-top  condition.  So  I  am  going  to  send  you  enough 


claim  for  it,  then  you  need  not  pay  me  anything.  Not  one  penny. 
Now  fill  out  the  coupon,  telling  how  many  head  of  stock  you  are 
feeding  and  I’ll  send  the  Sal- Vet  quickly  so  you  will  have  no  more 
losses  from  worms.  A  day’s  delay  may  lose  you  a  valuable  animal. 
So  send  now  while  the  coupon  is  handy. 


Y/ 


Sal-Vet  to  feed  your  stock  60  days  and  if  it  doesn’t  do  all  I 

'^X  SBDhlEV  R.  FEBL,  President,  The  S.  R.  Feii  Company 


% 


r  x  \  v 

*4>X 


Prices:  40  lbs.  $ 2.25 ;  100 lbs.  $5;  200  lbs.  $9;  300  lbs.  $13  500  lbs.,  $21.12. 


Uept,  UJJ.Y.  ,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO 


“  New  Hampshire  Agricultural  Experiment  Station. 
“We  have  obtained  wonderful  success  in  the  use  of  ‘Sal-Vet’ 
for  destroying  stomach  worms.  Since  we  began  its  use,  our 
flock  of  sheep  have  become  much  healthier  and  more  vigorous. 
I  cannot  praise  it  too  highly  and  am  attempting  to  introduce 
it  to  the  farmers  of  this  State.” 

“(Signed)  T.  R.  Arkeu.,  B.  S.  A.,  Prof.  Animal  Husbandry.” 

“  I  have  had  over  forty  years’  experience  in  sheep  raising. 
Every  year  I  suffered  great  loss  of  lambs  on  account  of  the 


worms.  I  used  everything  usually  recommended  for  such 
cases,  including  tobacco  and  gasoline,  but  I  will  say  that  your 
SAL-VET  is  the  only  thing  1  ever  used  that  did  the  business. 
I  have  not  lost  a  single  lamb  since  using  SAL-VET  and  the 
cost  is  nothing,  compared  witlj  the  saving  it  effects. 

“  Haki.ey  P.  Sherman,  Alfred  Station,  N.  Y. 

“  This  is  to  tell  you  that  I  halve  been  a  user  of  ‘Sal-Vet’  ever 
since  you  first  manufactured  it. 

“I  give  my  thoroughbred  sheep  constant  access  to  ‘Sal-Vet’ 
the  year  round,  and  the  longer  I  use  it  the  more  I  feel  that  it 


is  indispensable  and  that  I  could  not  profitably  do  business 
without  it.  I  believe  with  many  other  breeders,  that  ‘Sal-Vet, 
is  the  answer  to  .the  worm  problem  that  has  been  worrying  us 
all  for  the  past  several  years. 

“As  you  say  in  some  of  your  advertisements,  ‘Sal-Vet’  is  not 
an  expense  at  all,  but  an  investment  that  yields  large  divi¬ 
dends.  No  stockman  will  do  business  without  your  excellent 
preparation  when  it  once  has  been  demonstrated  to  him  that 
it  is  absolutely  all  you  claim  for  it. 

“Geo.  W.  Heskett,  Fulton,  Ohio.” 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4090. 


NEW  YORK,  MARCH  18,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR 


THE  BEST  STOCK  FOR  CHERRIES. 

Shall  it  be  Mazzard  or  Mahaleb? 

A  very  lively  discussion  has  been  going  on  in  this  local¬ 
ity  for  a  year  concerning  the  relative  merits  of  Mazzard 
and  Mahaleb  stock  for  sweet  cherry  trees.  As  the  conflict¬ 
ing  statements  are  not  readily  judged  by  the  average  fruit 
grower,  and  I  am  unable  to  find  any  authoritative  matter 
on  the  subject,  I  write  to  you,  hoping  that  a  full  state¬ 
ment  of  the  subject  can  be  secured  from  Frof.  Van  Deman 
or  some  other  undoubted  authority.  It  is  asserted  on  the 
one  hand  that  for  sweet  cherries  the  use  of  Mahaleb  stock 
has  been  prevalent  in  this  country  because  it  is  cheaper, 
because  it  pushes  the  young  trees  along  faster,  making  a 
better  showing,  and  because  even  the  nurserymen  do  not 
realize  its  final  shortcomings.  The  fault  is  said  to  be  that 
the  stock  is  capable  of  making  only  a  certain  growth, 
which  is  less  in  many  cases  than  the  size  which  the 
stock  budded  onto  it  is  capable  of  making.  The  result  is 
in  the  mature  tree  that  the  budded  stock  attains  a  greater 
diameter  than  the  root  just  below  the  bud.  In  other 
-words  it  is  claimed  that  eventually  the  tree  so  budded  on 
Mahaleb  comes  to  have  a  restricted  or  “corseted’’  section 
just  below  the  bud.  The  top  makes  a  growth  in  excess  of 
the  capacity  of  this  restricted  portion  to  pass  sap  upwards, 
so  in  time  the  top  begins 
to  suffer.  The  owner  be¬ 
lieves  that  his  tree  is  suf¬ 
fering  from  old  age,  and 
when  it  blows  down  in 
time,  due  to  weakness  of 
the  trunk  at  the  ground, 
where  strength  is  most 
needed,  the  owner  attri¬ 
butes  his  loss  to  old  age. 

The  claim  is  also  made 
that  the  Mazzard  root,  be¬ 
ing  capable,  if  not  budded, 
of  attaining  the  maximum 
size  for  sweet  cherries,  can 
support  any  top  that  is 
budded  to  it.  and  will  not 
die  from  old  age  in  50  or 
60  years,  or  possibly  80  or 
100  years.  If  these  claims 
are  correct,  it  is  of  tremen¬ 
dous  importance  that  our 
people  should  know  it,  and 
should  know  from  whom 
genuine  Mazzard  stock  can 
be  obtained.  Success  in 
cherry  growing  in  this  oart 
of  Michigan  has  been  such 
that  many  are  now  plant- 
ng  cherry  orchards,  and  the 
conflicting  claims  leave 
some  of  them  much  unset¬ 
tled  in  mind,  as  well  as 
proving  perplexing  to  those 
who  intend  to  plant.  The 
Mahaleb'  has  its  champions 
too,  who  pooh-pooh  the 
Mazzard  charges,  pointing 
to  trees  on  Mahaleb  stock 
15  years  old.  which  are  of 
considerable  size  and  bear 
grandly.  t.  i„ 

Manistee,  Mich. 

The  question  of  cherry  stocks  is  one  which  may  well 
interest  thoughtful  fruit  growers  and  especially  those 
who  live  in  the  region  where  the  sweet  varieties 
flourish.  The  past  Summer  was  spent  by  me  on  a 
farm  in  Benzie  County,  Michigan,  not  many  miles 
north  of  the  line  of  Manistee  County,  where  the  in¬ 
quiry  comes  from.  On  the  next  farm  is  a  very  large 
bearing  cherry  orchard  of  some  3,000  trees  belonging 
to  Mr.  Paul  Rose.  In  this  orchard,  which  is  mostly 
made  up  of  the  sweet  class,  are  about  all  of  the  lead¬ 
ing  varieties  and  on  both  Mazzard  and  Mahaleb 
stocks.  There  are  also  a  few  trees  purchased  from  a 
local  nurseryman  at  Frankfort  that  are  worked  on 
the  wild  native  “pin”  cherry  that  are  fast  failing  from 
uncongeniality  of  stock.  The  roots  do  not  develop 
properly  and  the  trees  become  sickly  or  fall  over 
from  lack  of  support  at  the  roots. 

THE  MAHALEB  STOCK.— When  Mr.  Rose 
bought  the  trees  to  use  in  planting  his  cherry  orchard 
he  was  told  that  the  Mahaleb  was  the  proper  stock 


for  all  kinds  of  cherries  and  he  got  many  trees  on  it. 
The  Mahaleb  is  a  wild  cherry  natural  to  southern 
Europe  that  is  healthy  and  vigorous  and  bears  a  very 
small,  black  and  bitter  tasted  fruit.  All  varieties  of 
the  cherry,  of  both  the  sweet  and  sour  classes,  will 
grow  if  budded  on  it,  and  it  is  claimed  by  some  that 
they  do  equally  well.  This  is  denied  by  others  and 
we  shall  see  for  what  reasons. 

THE  MAZZARD  STOCK. — The  Mazzard  is  the 
most  thrifty  of  all  the  cherry  family.  It  is  a  native 
of  Europe,  and  the  parent  of  all  those  types  that  we 
call  Hearts,  Bigarreaus  and  a  part  of  the  Kentish 
class.  The  trees  grow  with  an  upright  habit  and 
sometimes  attain  a  height  of  over  50  feet  and  with 
trunks  two  feet  and  more  in  diameter.  Where  the 
trees  have  come  up  as  seedlings  in  various  places,  es¬ 
pecially  in  Pennsylvania  and  southward  and  have 
practically  reverted  to  the  wild  form,  such  trees  are 
often  found.  It  is  on  the  seedlings  of  this  type  that 
the  most  vigorous  and  longest  lived  trees  of  the  sweet 
cherries  are  found. 


anywhere.  Last  September  I  took  photographs  of 
some  of  the  trees  that  were  characteristic  and  showed 
their  real  condition  and  they  are  reproduced  here  that 
they  may  tell  their  own  tale  in  part.  None  of  - them 
were  of  the  sour  varieties,  however,  as  nearly  all, 
or  all  of  these  were,  I  think,  on  Mahaleb  stocks  and 
doing  far  better  than  those  of  the  sweet  class  on  the 
same  kind  of  stocks.  The  wood  of  the  sour  class 
seems  to  be  quite  similar  to  that  of  the  Mahaleb,  and 
the  two  make  a  good  union.  But  not  so  with  the  rest. 
The  two  are  not  congenial,  and  unite  only  because 
they  must,  and  that  with  serious  results  to  the  or- 
chardist  in  very  many  cases.  In  the  nursery  they  start 
off  well  and  appear  to  be  very  suitable  to  each  other 
and  for  some  years  the  same  is  often  true  in  the  or¬ 
chard,  but  as  time  goes  on  and  the  bearing  age  is 
reached  the  true  test  comes.  Cherry  trees,  like  all 
fruit  trees,  are  intended  to  live  for  many  years  and 
bear,  and  they  should  be  able  to  endure  this  test  and 
not  that  of  the  nursery  alone.  In  Fig.  114,  which 
shows  part  of  a  row  of  Tartarian,  the  different  con¬ 
ditions  may  be  seen.  The 


SWEET  CHERRY  TREES  IN  A  MICHIGAN  ORCHARD.  Fig.  114. 

First  tree  on  Mazzard  roots,  second  and  third  trees  on  Mahaleb  stocks,  fourth  tree  a  replant  on  Mazzard  stock 

where  an  old  one  on  Mahaleb  had  died. 


During  more  than  40  years  past  I  have  been  watch¬ 
ing  the  behavior  of  cherry  trees  on  various  stocks 
and  on  their  own  roots  as  well  in  many  cases.  They 
have  been  seen  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  and 
from  Canada  to  the  southern  limit  of  cherry  culture. 
The  sum  and  substance  of  all  these  observations  is, 
that  each  class  succeeds  best  on  its  own  roots,  so  far 
as  the  growth  and  vigor  of  the  tree  is  concerned.  And 
it  is  quite  natural  that  it  should  be  so.  Trees  that 
grew  up  from  seed  and  those  reared  from  root 
sprouts  and  never  budded  or  grafted  seem  to  be 
the  most  substantial.  In  cases  where  varieties  had 
been  budded  or  grafted  onto  stocks  of  the  same  type 
there  was  little  or  no  ill  results  from  the  operation. 
It  was  like  upon  like.  But  wherever  this  law  of  con¬ 
geniality  has  been  violated  trouble  is  seen  in  some 
degree.  In  the  Paul  Rose  orchard,  which  I  have  been 
familiar  with  for  several  years,  are  some  of  the  most 
striking  examples  of  the  congeniality  and  uncon¬ 
geniality  of  stock  and  bud  that  is  likely  to  be  seen 


first  tree,  on  Mahaleb 
root  originally  formed  a 
root  system  of  its  own 
by  sending  down  roots 
from  above  the  place  of 
union,  and  is  vigorous 
and  healthy.  The  second 
one  is  entirely  on  Maha¬ 
leb  roots,  and  is  gradu¬ 
ally  failing.  The  third 
one  is  about  dead.  Next 
comes  a  space  where  a 
tree  died.  Beyond  is  a 
replanted  Lambert  tree 
on  Mazzard  roots  and  it 
is  flourishing.  And  so 
the  row  and  others  like 
it  stands  a  living  and 
dying  witness  to  the  suc¬ 
cess  and  failure  of  the 
congeniality  and  uncon¬ 
geniality  of  the  roots 
and  tops.  In  Fig.  115  is 
shown  the  bodies  of  trees 
that  were  all  on  Mahaleb 
roots  originally.  The  one 
in  the  left  corner  has 
formed  a  large  welt  or 
crown  by  the  effort  of 
the  Mazzard  wood  try¬ 
ing  to  overgrew  the 
Mahaleb  stock."  On  the 
right  is  one  that  was 
budded  lower  and  forced 
out  roots  at  the  point  where  the  soil  touches  the  bud¬ 
ded  part  and  is  now  growing  lustily  on  its  own  roots, 
principally.  In  the  farther  row  are  shown  two  more 
trees  that  have  sent  down  roots  of  their  own,  because 
a  little  clay  soil  was  banked  up  about  them  on  a  sandy 
knoll  to  prevent  the  wind  from  laying  the  roots  bare. 
They  all  are  among  the  best  trees  in  the  orchard.  In 
Big.  115  can  be  seen  a  single  tree  struggling  for  its 
life  against  the  .Mahaleb  stock  upon  which  it  was 
budded.  The  peculiar  “corseted”  appearance  is  very 
plain. 

Now  the  Paul  Rose  orchard  is  not  the  only  one  in 
which  I  have  noticed  the  trouble  and  success  with 
cherry  stocks.  In  a  large  orchard  in  northern  Indiana 
I  noticed  much  the  same  state  of  things  last  Sum¬ 
mer.  In  the  many  orchards  in  Oregon  and  Washing¬ 
ton,  which  is  a  region  that  I  have  named  “Cherry 
Heaven,”  .there  are  thousands  of  examples  of  success 
and  failure  with  trees  on  the  various  stocks,  the 
Mazzard  being  the  one  preferred.  There  are  nurseries 


846 

there  that  do  not  keep  any  cherry  trees  for  sale  on  any 
other  stock,  because  of  the  reasons  already  given  in 
this  reply  to  the  one  asking  for  my  views  on  the  sub¬ 
ject  I  do  not  think  there  is  any  doubt  about  the 
Mazzard  being  the  stock  for  the  sweet  cherries,  and 
there  are  those  who  claim  that  it  is  the  best  for  the 
sour  class  also.  On  this  latter  point  I  am  not  con¬ 
vinced  as  yet,  because  I  have  never  tried  it  or  seen 
where  others  had  tested  it  out.  I  would  not  have 
sweet  cherry  trees  on  Mahaleb  stocks  as  a  gift,  judg¬ 
ing  by  what  I  have  seen.  H.  E.  van  deman. 


USE  OF  PLASTER ;  SEEDING  RAPE. 

I  note  what  you  say  in  respect  to  the  use  of  land 
plaster.  While  we  all  know  that  land  plaster  adds 
nothing  in  the  way  of  fertilizer,  yet  if  by  its  use  we 
can  double  the  growth  of  the  vetch  and  plow  them 
under  we  certainly  have  added  to  its  fertility.  If  the 

first  crop  is  taken  off  for  feeding  and  this  second 

growth  is  turned  under  we  here  on  our  deep  heavy 

soils  find  it  pays,  and  that  it  takes  a  good  many 

years  to  find  out.  Again,  if  we  get  twice  as  much 
fodder  and  feed  it  all  to  the  stock  and  return  the 
manure  made  to  the  ground  the  plaster  has  again  more 
than  paid  for  its  application. 

I  also  note  what  C.  S.  M.  says  on  feeding  rape 
to  cows,  and  with  all  who  have  given  their  opinion, 
he  says,  “I  have  had  no  experience,”  but  is  quite 
certain  it  will  taint  the  milk.  Now  I  will  back  actual 
results  against  theory  any  time,  especially  if  a  good 
theory  is  on  the  side  of  the  experience.  The  turnip  is 
very  hard  and  almost  woody,  while  the  rape  for  a 
greater  part  of  its  length  is  as  tender  as  a  string 
bean,  and  will  break  like  a  pipestem,  and  the  cows 
when  allowed  to  pasture  on  it  soon  learn  to  reject 
any  that  is  at  all  hard.  In  fact,  it  has  been  the  fact 
that  they  waste  so  much  of  it  if  given  free  range 
that  I  have  not  used  this  method  more.  I  think 
every  practical  dairyman  believes  that  it  is  best  in 
changing  rations  to  do  so  gradually.  So  in  feeding 
rape  or  kale  I  have  always  begun  by  feeding  a  small 
quantity  and  gradually  increasing  to  the  full  ration, 
as  I  would  with  oil  meal  or  any  concentrated  food, 
but  I  found  by  experience  that  no  ill  effects  came 
in  the  quality  of  the  milk  when  cows  were  allowed 
to  remain  in  the  rape  all  day.  I  never  eat  turnips 
and  cabbage,  but  find  I  can  eat  the  rape  greens,  and 
the  children  of  the  neighborhood  think  the  tender 
stalks  almost  as  good  as  candy.  S. 

Oregon. 

R.  N.-Y. — Several  other  readers  say  that  they  have 
fed  rape  freely  without  any  trouble  from  tainted 
milk,  and  we  give  their  statements  as  they  come.  With 
us  rape,  unless  fed  right  after  milking,  appears  to 
make  the  milk  taste  like  turnips. 

Land  plaster  or  gypsum  is  sulphate  of  lime.  Dur¬ 
ing  the  period  before  and  shortly  after  the  Civil 
War  plaster  was  largely  used  on  many  Eastern  farms. 
It  was  usually  put  on  the  clover,  and  for  some 
years  gave  good  results,  increasing  the  clover  crop. 
Finally  it  began  to  fail  as  a  fertilizer,  and  at  last 
had  little  or  no  effect.  Its  use  was  discontinued  and 
it  is  now  but  little  used.  Why  did  it  first  help  the 
clover  and  then  fail?  Investigation  showed  that  the 
land  plaster  when  put  in  the  soil  brought  about  a 
chemical  change  by  means  of  which  potash  was  made 
available.  As  it  appeared  in  the  soil  the  clover  and 
other  plants  could  not  use  this  potash. 

The  plaster  brought  about  changes  which  made  a  new 
combination  of  potash,  more  available  than  before, 
and  in  this  form  the  clover  could  use  it  and  then  grew 
luxuriantly.  So  long  as  this  went  on  the  plaster  gave 
good  results.  There  finally  came  a  time  when  those 
particular  forms  of  potash  were  used  up.  The  plaster 
could  not  then  make  the  potash  available,  and  thus 
the  crop  did  not  thrive  as  before.  This  is  the  history 
of  a  section  where  formerly  plaster  was  largely  used. 
Jt  helped  in  other  ways,  but  this  was  probably  the 
most  important.  Tn  the  Eastern  States  plaster  is  still 
used  more  or  less  in  stables  and  manure  piles  to  hold 
the  ammonia,  but  seldom  used  as  before  directly  on 
the  land. 


THE  TALE  OF  A  SEED  AGENT. 

It  is  the  ambition  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  not  so  much 
to  make  the  lion  lie  down  with  the  Iamb  as  to  try  to 
act  as  fake  killer,  and  thus  incidentally  as  fool  pre¬ 
server.  In  spite  of  all  we  have  said,  the  meanest  and 
boldest  fakes  still  string  radiant  words  on  a  bare 
hook  and  catch  their  full  crop  of  suckers !  For  in¬ 
stance,  here  is  a  contract  which  we  have  had  photo¬ 
graphed,  Fig.  116. 

This  means  corn  at  $6  per  bushel,  oats  at  $2.75  and 
potatoes  at  $9.  You  do  not  know  that  those  varieties 
are  any  better  than  those  you  have  had  on  your  farm 
for  years,'  except  that  the  agent  tells  you  so!  And 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

what  did  the  agent  who  sold  this  order  say?  Here  is 
the  story  plainly  told: 

Guff  From  a  Seed  Agent. 

What  can  you  tell  me  about  C.  I.  Read,  who  was 
taking  orders  for  Robt.  J.  Gunson  &  Co.,  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  from  a  seed  firm  that  he  claimed  to  be  a 
partner  in?  He  stated  that  the  farm  is  in  the  north¬ 
eastern  part  of  New  York  State,  and  gave  his  address 
as  C.  I.  Read,  Port  Kent,  N.  Y.  The  seed  farm  con¬ 
tains  1400  acres,  and  they  make  a  specialty  of  growing 


TREE  ON  MAHALEB  STOCK.  Fig.  115. 

The  uncongeniality  of  the  Mahaleb  stock  is  shown  by  the 


attempt  at  overgrowth  by  the  part  above  it. 


potatoes,  corn,  oats  and  barley.  He  claimed  there 
are  over  50  people  in  the  family,  all  related  to  the  one 
family,  and  they  hire  16  extra  men.  They  all  live 
on  this  farm.  He  was  taking  orders  for  seed  last 
July,  1910,  in  the  town  of  Skaneateles,  N.  Y.,  and 
sold  to  my  brother,  T.  Klasi,  30  pounds  E.  Rochester 
corn,  $3;  64  pounds  Sterling  oats,  $5.50;  10  pounds 
Comet  potatoes,  $1.50.  Mr.  Read  claimed  his  corn  to 
be  superior  to  all  other  corn,  and  said  his  cornstalks 
produced  4%  per  cent  protein,  while  other  stalks  only 
produced  1%  per  cent.  He  said  30  pounds  corn  would 


Copy  of  Contract  lor  Oooda;  to  be  left  with  Purchmaw . 
ROBERT  J.  GUNSON  A  CO.,  Rochester,  N.  Y,  Grower!  of  Finn  Seed*. 

Gimicti  •«*  wttVi  fnllrMviner  goodfi.  for  which  I  «UH  TO 


u  > 


_ , _ _ _ ed  to  be  deducted  from  roybilL  Any  variety  not  true  to  u»ne  fc 

be  replaced  free,  or  purchase  price  refunded.  All  stock  to  be  in  good  cooolUcm. 

!  It  is  understood  I  am  to  call  for  the  goods  when  notified  either  personally  or  by 
!  mall.  If  I  fail  to  call  within  ten  davs  after  being  notified  and  the  goods  become 
damaged  or  destroyed.'!  stall  be  beholden  for  the  amount  of  my  order  thfe  satna 
I  as  ill received  the  goods. 

It  fs  further  agreed  that  this  order  is  not  subject  to  countermand, 
and  that  the  only  terms  or  conditions  of  sale  existing  between  me  and 
the  salesman  are  those  stated  hereon . 

It  Is  understood  your  salesman  has  no  authority  to  make  any  other 

«»rnta  than  those  stated  above. 


■*£ 

Si 

|U 


if 

Jr 

85 


QUANTITY. 

VARIETY. 

i 

ct». 

_ ....bu. 

3-0..lbs 

JL 

Ad 

JL 

Id. 

...  Qajbl. . 

•  "  * 

lbs 

4a  crxiMLc/... . 

/ 

. 

lbs 

* 

pq  Purchaser’ s 

55  P.O.  Address. 

Agent's 


A  SEED  AGENT’S  CONTRACT.  Fig.  116. 


plant  three  acres,  allowed  three  kernels  to  the  hill,  and 
would  yield  100  bushels  to  the  acre.  He  also  claimed 
his  corn  grew  no  suckers,  but  instead  it  commenced 
to  leaf  out  near  the  ground.  They  originated  the 
corn  by  splicing  two  kernels  of  different  varieties  to¬ 
gether. 

Their  oats  are  superior  to  other  oats.  They  claim 
this  variety  will  not  lodge ;  it  has  a  new  kind  of  root 


March  18, 

which  allows  it  to  rock  more  freely,  a  sort  of  a  spring 
motion.  There  is  more  to'  these  oats,  but  I  have  for¬ 
gotten  it.  Potatoes  are  grown  from  seed  planted  one 
bushel  male  to  four  bushels  female.  These  potatoes 
are  guaranteed  not  to  blight  or  dry  rot,  and  go  200 
bushels  per  acre.  Will  you  tell  me  if  Robert  J.  Gun¬ 
son  &  Co.,  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  is  a  reliable  firm  to  buy 
seeds  from?  I  am  afraid  of  fakers,  and  will  appreci¬ 
ate  any  information  on  this  subject  a.  f.  klasi. 

What  Mr.  Klasi  forgot  is  probably  the  story  that 
the  original  oat  was  grafted  on  a  clover  root.  Since 
then  the  oat  plants  develop  tap  roots  like  clover  and 
do  not  blow  down  or  suffer  from  drought.  It  Is  no  use 
wasting  words  upon  any  man  who  tells  such  stories. 
He  is  a  confounded  liar.  He  ought  to  get  three  inches 
of  the  pitchfork  and  then  have  the  dog  tear  off  his 
clothes  to  use  as  napkins !  No  use  analyzing  his  state¬ 
ments  or  buying  his  seeds  or  doing  any  business 
whatever  with  the  firm  such  a  man  represents.  If  be 
tells  such  stories  about  his  seeds  he  is  an  enemy  of 
the  farmer  and  ranks  with  the  San  Jose  scale,  peach 
borer,  grain  weevil  or  bedbug,  and  deserves  to  be  dug 
out,  sprayed  with  carbolic  acid  and  then  fumigated. 
Any  farmer  who  would  patronize  such  a  liar,  or  the 
firm  which  keeps  such  a  man  in  the  field,  needs  a 
guardian  if  not  a  padded  cell. 

MORE  MICHIGAN  POTATO  DIGGERS. 

I  read  in  The  R.  N.-Y.,  page  199,  of  a  champion 
potato  digger  who  hails  from  upper  Michigan  having 
dug  105  bushels  of  potatoes  in  8]4  hours  with  a 
common  potato  hook.  One  who  has  dug  potatoes 
day  after  day  with  a  hook  or  fork,  and  knows  the 
hard,  wearisome  work  it  is,  and  knows  by  dint  of 
hard,  strenuous  work  and  nerve  the  possibilities  that 
may  be  accomplished  in  a  day,  would  say  to  dig  105 
bushels  in  87A  hours  is  very  good  indeed;  but  we 
have  a  champion  also,  in  the  person  of  William 
Strait,  who  hails  from  Michigan,  who  has  beaten 
the  above  record  several  times.  In  fact,  he  has  held 
the  record  for  Michigan  for  several  years,  and  as 
far  as  known  is  yet  entitled  to  wear  the  belt.  I 
employed  Mr.  Strait  and  another  man,  John  Wolf, 
to  dig  my  potatoes  last  Fall  and  pick  them  up,  giving 
them  four  cents  a  bushel.  William  Strait  did  all  the 
digging  and  John  Wolf  all  the  picking  up.  About 
eight  years  Mr.  Strait  dug  in  9]/2  hours  205  bushels, 
keeping  two  busy  to  pick  them  up  in  the  same  time. 
But  the  following  is  the  record  Mr.  Strait  made 
last  Fall  on  my  farm:  On  October  10  one-half  day, 
61  bushels;  October  11,  one  day,  127  bushels;  Octo¬ 
ber  12,  106  bushels;  October  13,  84  bushels;  October 
14,  one-half  day,  71  bushels,  which  was  in  the  fore¬ 
noon.  In  the  afternoon  of  same  day  he  started  in 
to  beat  his  own  former  record  of  205  bushels  in  9 ]/2 
hours,  and  in  five  hours  he  dug  110  bushels.  Mr. 
Wolf  picking  them  up.  That  night  Mr.  Strait  walked 
seven  miles  to  a  dance  and  was  back  to  my  farm 
for  work  the  next  morning,  which  was  October  15, 
when  in  4]/2  hours  he  dug  102  bushels,  making  in  9l/2 
hours  212  bushels.  On  October  17,  he  dug  124 
bushels;  October  18,  116  bushels,  and  October  19, 
135  bushels.  In  the  part  of  the  field  where  Mr. 
Strait  did  his  record  digging  the  potatoes  yielded 
240  bushels  per  acre.  He  did  all  the  digging  with 
a  six-tined  fork,  and  never  worked  over  10  hours  in 
one  day.  No  small  amount  of  praise  is  due  Mr. 
Wolf,  who  picked  up  the  potatoes,  for  it  kept  him 
very  busy  to  pick  up  so  many  potatoes,  as  any  one 
will  know  who  tries  it.  While  these  men  in  both 
digging  and  picking  up  my  potatoes  made  a  great 
record,  and  as  I  believe  a  hard  one  to  beat,  yet  their 
whole  job  of  digging  and  picking  up  while  working 
for  me  was  a  wonderful  performance,  for  endur¬ 
ance  and  amount  of  work  turned  off  day  after  day. 
Oceana  Co.,  Mich.  J.  w.  mitchell 

r.  N.-Y.— Next!  If  this  is  not  the  limit  we  will 
let  some  other  Michigan  digger  have  place.  Just 
why  it  is  that  these  champions  are  all  located  in 
northern  Michigan  is  more  than  we  can  tell.  Mr. 
Strait  must  have  walked  a  very  straight  line  at  that 
dance.  In  the  two  days  he  dug  283  bushels  besides 
his  dancing  and  had  half  a  day  to  spare.  At  four 
cents  a  bushel  he  earned  $11.32  to  be  divided  with  the 
picker.  Well,  sir,  the  $12  hens,  the  $200  cows  and 
the  $75  hogs  may  fall  back.  They  are  playthings 
besides  this  digger  and  dancer. 


One  of  the  things  which  fruit  growers  in  situations 
exposed  to  frost  are  considering  is  orchard  protection 
by  heating.  In  California  and  Colorado,  especially  in 
cold  “pockets”  or  valleys,  many  crops  have  been  saved 
by  building  fires  or  burning  coal  or  oil  in  metal  pots. 
On  still  nights  it  is  quite  possible  to  protect  the  frmt 
from  ordinary  frost,  hut  when  the  wind  is  blowing 
there  is  trouble.  The  question  is  so  important  that 
we  want  the  facts.  We  know  that  some  of  our  readers 
have  been  fighting  frost,  and  we  want  their  experience. 
Our  people  can  settle  about  any  farm  question  when 
they  get  at  it,  and  here  is  a  hard  one  for  them  to  take 
up. 


fit  dOir.M 
1911- 

ASPARAGUS  CULTURE  FOR  PROFIT. 
How  to  Plant  and  Manage  the  Crop. 

Asparagus  will  grow  on  a  greater  variety  of 
soils  than  almost  any  other  vegetable,  but  the  best 
soil  is  a  light  loam  with  good  bottom  drainage,  that 
has  been  well  manured  and  cultivated  two  years  or 
more  in  hoed  crops,  plowed  six  inches  or  more  deep 
and  subsoiled  in  the  Fall  previous  to  setting.  In 
the  Spring,  as  soon  as  the  soil  is  in  good  working 
order,  mark  rows  four  feet  six  inches  apart,  12  inches 
deep,  by  going  twice  or  more  times  in  row,  and 
finally  throwing  out  loose  soil  in  bottom  of  furrow 
to  level  the  same  and  get  the  roots  in  equal  depth. 
Roots  to  be  planted  18  inches  apart  in  row.  The 
most  important  point  in  setting  an  asparagus  bed 
is  to  have  .good  large  one-year  roots,  raised  on  good 
soil  well  manured  and  planted  thin  so  they  will  be 
large  and  strong.  By  taking  extra  pains  here  one 
year’s  time  can  be  gained,  as  small  ones  will  be  at 
least  one  year  behind  in  getting  a  crop,  beside  the 
extra  expense  of  tending  the  smaller  ones  after  they 
set  in  the  field.  To  raise  good  roots  sow  on  good 
soil  manured  heavily;  thin  in  the  row  16  inches 
apart,  keep  clean  and  spray  with  Paris 
green  for  the  beetle  if  they  appear,  and 
with  Bordeaux  mixture  for  the  rust. 

Another  way  to  raise  good  roots  is  to 
sow  quite  thick  one  year  ahead,  dig  them 
and  separate  when  one  year  old,  and 
transplant  on  a  thin  soil  in  shallow  drills 
four  to  six  inches  apart,  and  they  will 
make  good  plants  to  set  the  following 
year,  having  good  fibrous  roots,  not 
long  main  roots,  as  they  would  be  if 
they  stood  two  years  where  they  grew. 

In  setting  the  drills  are  made  enough 
for  one  day’s  setting;  better  to  set  about 
as  fast  as  they  are  made  each  day  if 
possible,  as  they  handle  better  while  the 
soil  is  fresh.  Mark  distance  apart  with 
light  wheelbarrow  minus  the  rim  on  the 
wheel,  leaving  the  spokes  of  proper 
length  to  mark  whatever  distance  apart 
you  wish  to  have  them.  I  have  found 
IS  inches  to  be  about  right.  Drop  roots 
in  the  dots  made  by  the  rimless  wheel, 
place  them  crowns  up  and  cover  with 
about  two  inches  of  soil,  walking  in 
trench  on  each  side  of  them.  After  all 
are  set,  sow'  1,000  pounds  good  fer¬ 
tilizer  and  500  pounds  kainit  in  row, 
which  need  not  be  covered  until  they 
need  working,  by  shaving  the  sides  of 
the  trenches;  this  should  be  done  very 
light,  just  enough  to  clean  sides  and 
cover  small  weeds  in  bottom  of  rows. 

This  is  a  very  critical  time  until  the 
second  shoot  appears ;  they  will  stand 
more  each  time  they  are  worked.  The 
ridges  between  trenches  can  be  worked 
with  one  horse  cultivator  by  putting 
frame  around  it  with  a  board  on  each 
side  eight  inches  wide,  like  a  snow  plow 
drawn  wide  end  ahead,  small  end  in  rear, 
left  open  in  rear  about  18  inches.  With 
a  little  practice  in  holding  hard  or  light 
you  can  let  in  little  or  more  soil  as  you 
wish,  and  work  up  lumps.  By  using  this 
once  a  week  or  so,  ridges  can  be  kept 
clean,  filling  in  the  rows  as  needed.  By 
July  15  rows  should  be  nearly  filled  in, 
and  one  row  of  turnips  or  cabbage  can 
be  planted,  making  an  ideal  spot  for 
either,  and  with  me  many  times  the  crop  of  either 
has  paid  the  cost  of  planting  and  caring  for  the  bed 
the  first  year. 

Second  year,  after  the  soil  gets  warm  in  the  Spring, 
take  a  furrow  from  each  side  of  the  row  with  light 
plow,  and  clean  out  the  center  as  deep  as  you  can 
without  striking  crowns.  The  bed  may  now  be  ma¬ 
nured  in  the  row  or  broadcast  with  good  fine  manure. 
Let  this  lie  until  sprouts  appear,  and  then  work  the 
soil  in  the  row  slowly.  By  so  doing  weeds  will  be 
kept  down.  Keep  this  up  through  the  season,  and 
very  little  hoeing  will  be  needed.  If  the  asparagus 
beetle  appears  spray  with  Paris  green;  if  rust  comes 
spray  with  Bordeaux  mixture  several  times. 

Third  year  the  bed  should  be  handled  very  much 
the  same  as  last  year;  plowed  and  opened  and  centers 
cleaned  out,  and  when  shoots  begin  to  come  up  in 
the  row  plow  furrow  to  both  sides  of  row.  Smooth 
the  ridge  with  light  drag  or  by  raking,  care  being 
taken  to  leave  some  ridge  over  the  row,  as  cutting 
the  crop  this  year  will  begin.  If  the  bed  has  been 
well  tended  it  should  yield  400  to  600  bunches ;  can 
be  cut  until  June  20.  After  cutting  is  done  plow  off 
the  ridge  about  the  same  as  was  done  in  the  Spring, 
but  not  quite  as  deep.  Here  is  another  good  time  to 


aa>i  Hov-v/an  a  astute  si  ht 

THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

apply  manure,  which  may  be  coarse,  putting  in  the 
center  over  the  row,  like  some  do  in  manuring  for 
potatoes,  letting  it  lie  until  the  asparagus  runs  up 
and  gets  good  and  strong;  then  plow  to  each  side 
just  enough  to  cover  manure.  Cultivate  between 
rows;  now  you  have  a  good  clean  bed.  If  you  have 
or  can  get  a  16-inch  disk  cultivator  with  two  gangs 
of  three  16-inch  disks  to  each  gang  run  with  one 
gang  on  each  side  of  the  row,  which  can  be  set  at 
different  angles,  working  on  each  side  of  the  row 
and  raising  the  ridge  a  little  and  covering  weeds  at 
the  same  time,  giving  the  disk  a  little  more  cutting 
angle  each  time  it  is  worked ;  by  using  disk  often  and 
keeping  space  between  rows  cultivated  everything  will 
he  clean.  This  disk  is  a  fine  thing  as  the  bed  grows 
older  to  work  and  raise  the  ridges  in  after  years. 
The  older  the  bed  gets  the  higher  these  ridges  should 
be,  as  the  crowns  of  the  asparagus  come  nearer  the 
surface  every  year.  The  work  in  after  years  in  the 
Spring  should  be  done  very  much  the  same  except 
instead  of  using  plow  to  work  the  rows  in  the  Spring- 
use  a  riding  cultivator,  one  working  on  both  sides  of 
row  (with  center  attachment)  that  could  be  set  light. 
The  ridge  need  not  be  worked  down  level  after  the 


bed  is  six  or  seven  years  old,  only  softened,  then 
worked  up  again  with  disk  often  as  the  season  ad¬ 
vances.  Keep  space  between  rows  cleaned  out  with 
wide-winged  cultivator  to  make  good  walking;  keep 
soil  where  disk  will  take  it  on  row  when  needed. 
Follow  this  up  through  cutting  season  ;  when  cutting 
ends  work  the  ridges  down  half;  let  it  remain  until 
crop  grows  strong  as  before,  and  work  on  your  ridge 
again.  Do  this  several  times  and  the  shade  from  the 
plants  will  keep  down  all  weeds  in  row,  and  a  few 
times  with  cultivator  will  finish  the  work  for  the 
season.  After  tops  have  ripened  in  Fall  cut  and  burn 
and  leave  soil  entirely  alone  to  prevent  washing.  It 
has  been  my  custom  to  manure  every  second  year, 
alternating  using  500  pounds  nitrate  of  soda  in  Spring 
and  1,000  pounds  kainit  or  400  pounds  muriate  of  pot¬ 
ash  after  cutting  season  is  over.  In  fact,  I  like  to  apply 
all  manure  after  cutting  season  is  over,  applying 
over  the  row  and  covering  with  soil,  and  it  will  keep 
soil  lively  and  work  better  in  Spring,  never  putting 
it  on  surface  in  Fall  or  Winter,  as  it  keeps  frost  in 
late  in  Spring,  and  is  very  much  in  the  way  in  the 
Spring.  For  market  the  crop  should  be  packed  in 
neat  crates  made  18x24,  10  inches  high  inside  meas¬ 
ure,  which  will  carry  24  bunches.  One  acre  after  it 


H  S 
347 

is  four  years  old  should  cut  from  1,000  to  2,000 

bunches.  geo.  h.  .hall. 

Long  Island. 

STRUGGLE  WITH  AN  EXPRESS  COMPANY. 

I  am  most  heartily  in  sympathy  with  your  public 
spirited  fight  against  the  present  pernicious  practices 
of  th«  great  express  companies,  and  with  much 
reason,  because  I  am  a  long-suffering  victim.  As  I 
have  had  occasion  to  learn,  these  giant  monopolies 
are  respecters  of  no  man’s  rights.  They  will  haul 
and  handle  your  goods  as  suits  them ;  and  charge 
what  they  please ;  or  refuse  to  handle  them  at  all,  if 
valuable  and  you  decline  to  release  them  from  re¬ 
sponsibility.  You  are  not  even  permitted  to  pur¬ 
chase  a  passenger  ticket  for  such  goods  and  take 
them  on  the  train  with  you.  The  only  recourse  left 
is  to  hire  a  man  to  take  them  on  his  back  or  take  them 
yourself.  This  is  in  no  sense  of  the  word  an  ex¬ 
aggerated  statement.  Quite  the  reverse  if  anything. 

I  have  been  been  for  the  past  two  years,  and  am 
likely  to  be  for  several  more  to  come,  involved  in  a 
lawsuit  against  the  United  States  Express  Company 
to  recover  damages  for  the  entire  destruction  of  a 
valuable  oil  painting  through  criminal 
negligence  on  the  part  of  the  company’s 
agents. 

In  spite  of  the  fact  that  the  picture 
was  packed  in  a  pine  box,  made  espe¬ 
cially  for  it  by  a  paid  expert,  a  man 
with  over  30  years’  experience ;  in  spite 
of  the  fact  that  I  had  agreed  to  (and 
did)  pay  the  company  an  excess  rate  of 
20  cents  a  hundred  on  the  valuation 
over  the  regular  toll  of  40  cents,  the  box 
received  usage  severe  enough  to  break 
the  double  thick  French  picture  glass  in 
the  shadow  box  during  transit  from 
Philadelphia  to  Perkasie,  a  distance  of 
30  miles.  With  the  very  worthy  object 
of  exculpating  themselves,  the  company’s 
employes  in  whose  charge  the  box  was 
at  the  time  of  breakage,  removed  the 
lid  from  my  box,  took  out  the  broken 
glass  (which  had  so  cut,  scraped  and 
damaged  the  face  of  the  canvas  as  com¬ 
pletely  to  ruin  it),  replacing  the  lid  as 
it  appeared  originally.  This  charity  act 
was  not  meant  to  prevent  further  dam¬ 
age  to  my  picture,  but  to  prevent  me 
from  discovering  the  damage  when  re¬ 
ceiving  the  box  until  I  had  receipted 
for  it  in  good  condition  (a  printed  form 
of  the  company’s  that  must  be  signed 
before  you  may  even  look  at  your  goods, 
a  fact  testified  to  by  one  of  the  com¬ 
pany’s  own  men),  and  was  well  away 
from  the  express  office.  These  same 
over-zealous  employes,  however,  neglect¬ 
ed  to  tighten  a  few  screws  that  had 
held  the  frame  of  the  painting  in  place 
in  the  box,  which  the  jar  causing  the 
breakage  had  loosened.  By  this  over¬ 
sight  I  was  enabled  to  detect  my  loss 
at  the  express  office,  and  call  the  agent's 
attention  to  it. 

“Well,  that’s  some  more  of  the  com¬ 
pany’s  work,”  was  this  man’s  verbatim 
remark,  showing  that  the  occurrence 
was  not  unusual  to  him.  Communica¬ 
tion  with  the  company  failed  to  elicit  a 
response.  In  fact,  several  letters  writ¬ 
ten  by  me  were  entirely  ignored.  Final 
employment  of  counsel  resulted  in  a 
trial  at  court  two  years  afterward,  or,  to  be  explicit, 
in  November  of  1910.  My  witnesses’  testimony 
clearly  proved  negligence  on  the  part  of  the  com¬ 
pany,  and  the  jury,  in  a  few  moments,  awarded  me  a 
verdict  of  $3,000  (the  amount  of  valuation  for  which 
I  paid  at  the  rate  of  20  cents  per  hundred,  as  before 
mentioned)  and  interest,  notwithstanding  the  ag¬ 
gressive  and  bulldozing  methods  employed,  during 
the  trial,  by  counsel  for  the  company,  directed  against 
my  witnesses  and  myself,  not  to  mention  innuendo  and 
downright  insult  directed  against  me  personally  until 
reprimand  by  the  court  brought  relief. 

A  case  between  private  individuals  considering  the 
evidence  adduced  would  have  ended  then  and  there. 
But  not  so  a  monopoly.  Through  a  legal  technicality, 
and  by  the  use  of  legal  legerdemain,  an  appeal  was 
demanded,  and  granted,  and  the  end  is  not  yet. 
There  will  be  a  retrial,  there  may  be  a  Supreme 
Court  trial  afterward,  although  I  have  an  attorney 
who  is  independent  and  who  demonstrated  his  ability 
in  his  fight  with  the  Philadelphia  Traction  Company. 
He  will  eventually  win  my  case.  But  in  time,  trou¬ 
ble  and  expense,  together  with  the  indignities  one 
must  submit  to,  is  a  powerful  discouragement  to  be 
taken  into  consideration  by  all  contemplating  an  at¬ 
tempt  for  redress  from  these  monopolies. 

Bucks  Co.,  Pa.  F.  D.  W.  BOLAND. 


PLANTING  STRAWBERRIES  IN  ARKANSAS  Fig,  117. 


DIGGING  STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  IN  ARKANSAS  Fig.  118. 


«48 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  18, 


FARMERS’  CLUB 


[Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the  name 
and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure  attention.  Be¬ 
fore  asking  a  question,  please  see  whether  it  is  not 
answered  in  our  advertising  columns.  Ask  only 
a  few  questions  at  one  time.  Put  questions  on  a 
(operate  piece  of  paper.] 

ONIONS  FROM  SETS. 

D.  G.  R.,  Smithsburg,  Md. — I  have  been 
growing  onions  from  sets,  and  have  had 
them  pay  me  as  high  as  .$400  per  acre,  but 
have  been  sticking  them  all  by  hand,  and  it 
is  a  pretty  big  job  getting  down  to  stick 
several  acres.  Would  it  be  all  right  to 
open  a  small  furrow  in  nice  mellow  soil, 
well  prepared,  and  sow  the  sets  in,  being 
careful  not  to  have  any  turned  with  top 
downward?  I  would  have  them  lying  on 
their  sides  and  then  cover  with  a  good  gar¬ 
den  plow  with  firming  wheel  on  it  so  as  to 
make  the  ground  hold  moisture  well  so  the 
onions  sets  would  start  quicker.  Onions 
grow  much  better  here  from  sets  than 
from  seed,  and  we  get  advantage  of  the 
larger  prices  for  early  onions. 

Ans. — I  never  grew  onions  from  sets 
except  for  green  bunching  onions  in 
Spring.  The  only  ripe  onions  I  would 
grow  from  sets  are  the  Yellow  Potato 
onions,  which  are  planted  in  the  Fall 
and  mature  early,  and  can  be  got  into 
market  ahead  of  the  northern  crop.  But 
for  onions  to  keep  when  ripe  I  always 
sow  the  seed  as  early  as  practicable  in 
Spring  on  light  but  heavily  fertilized 
land.  But  in  any  method  of  onion  grow¬ 
ing  one  must  get  down  to  it,  for  the 
crop  from  seed  has  to  he  thinned  *  and 
hand  weeded.  Here  we  always  plant 
sets  in  the  Fall,  and  now  I  am  pulling 
nice  green  onions  from  sets  of  Tait’s 
Queen  planted  in  September.  But  you 
have  a  different  soil  and  climate  in 
Washington  County,  and  Spring  plant¬ 
ing  may  answer  very  well.  It  does  not 
matter  in  what  position  the  set  falls  in 
the  soil.  The  little  set  is  all  used  up 
before  any  new  bulb  is  formed,  and  the 
new  bulb  will  come  straight  no  matter  if 
the  set  was  upside  down.  Another  way 
for  growing  the  finest  onions  is  by  sow¬ 
ing  the  seed  in  a  frame  under  glass.  I 
sow  seed  of  the  Prizetaker  in  January, 
and  have  the  plants  ready  to  set  out 
early  in  March.  They  are  simply  laid 
along  a  shallow  furrow  and  the  soil 
pulled  over  the  bulbs,  and  they  soon 
straighten  up  and  grow.  In  fact  they 
will  grow  if  left  with  the  roots  simply 
touching  the  soil.  These  make  very 
large  pale  yellow  onions,  like  the  Denia 
onions  that  are  imported  in  crates.  But 
I  believe  that  the  most  profitable  onion 
is  the  Yellow  Potato  onion  planted  in 
the  Fall.  The  offsets  can  be  pulled  for 
green  bunching  in  Spring  and  the  large 
bulbs  left  to  ripen,  and  they  are  so  early 
that  notwithstanding  they  are  poor  keep¬ 
ers,  they  will  sell  when  the  market  is 
comparatively  bare  of  onions.  If  you 
sow  seed  of  the  White  or  Yellow  Globe 
Southport  onion,  as  early  as  practicable, 
you  can  grow  a  far  better  crop  than 
from  sets  of  the  ordinary  seeding 
onions.  I  have  grown  almost  every  va¬ 
riety  and  found  these  the  best  keepers. 

W.  F.  MASSEY. 


Draining  Barn  Basement. 

J.  M.,  Sinclair ville,  N.  Y. — How  may  I 
drain  the  ground  floor  of  a  basement  stable 
so  that  it  will  be  dry  at  all  times?  The 
stable  has  a  wall  on  one  side  only,  and  as 
the  ground  sloped  away  from  the  barn  it 
would  admit  of  a  free  course  of  drainage. 
There  is  a  trench  of  stone  under  the  wall 
and  continues  clear  through  at  both  sides 
of  the  farm,  but  still  it  is  wet,  the  water 
coming  in  an  inch  or  two  deep  in  a  wet 
time.  Would  trenches  filled  with  stone  or 
tile  drain  it?  If  so  how  should  they  be 
made  ? 

Ans. — It  is  quite  a  common  practice 
in  draining  basements  to  run  a  tile  drain 
just  outside  the  footings  on  which  the 
wall  rests,  but  it  is  better  to  have  the 
drain  three  feet  outside  the  wall.  Lay  a 
four-inch  tile  drain  three  feet  outside 
and  six  inches  lower  than  the  bottom 
of  tbe  basement.  Give  the  drain  a  grade 
of  six  inches  to  the  100  feet  and  fill  the 
ditch  with  gravel  after  the  tile  are  laid. 
If  there  is  a  spring  coming  up  inside 
the  hasement  it  will  be  necessary  to  run 


a  drain  direct  into  it,  laying  rather  open 
joints  and  binding  with  gravel  just 
coarse  enough  not  to  pass  into  the  tile. 
Trenches  filled  with  stone  are  not  apt 
to  be  lasting  drains;  there  is  too  much 
chance  for  clogging  material  to  get  in, 
and  not  chance  enough  the  water  to 
carry  it  out.  f.  F.  v.  s. 

Onions  and  Celery  on  Sod 

R.  S.,  East  Smith  field,  Pa. — What  is  your 
opinion  of  putting  onions  on  sod  ground? 
What  would  be  the  advantages  or  disad¬ 
vantages  of  doing  so?  Would  hen  manure 
be  better  than  any  other  manure  for 
onions?  Please  answer  the  same  questions 
regarding  celery.  I  expect  to  make  them 
my  specialties  the  coming  season. 

Ans. — We  do  not  like  to  put  onions 
on  sod  unless  it  may  be  one  of  clean 
clover.  The  trouble  is  that  grass  works 
into  the  onions,  and  makes  three  times 
the  work  needed  to  keep  them  clean. 
We  prefer  a  crop  of  corn  or  potatoes  in 
hills  with  thorough  cultivation  to  conquer 
the  soil  before  onions  are  planted.  Celery 
will  do  better  than  onions,  because  less 
finger  work  is  required  to  clean  the 
crop.  Fine  hen  manure  contains  fewer 
weed  seeds  and  is  richer  than  other 
manures,  and  we  would  rather  use  it  on 
onions. 

Treatment  of  a  Wheat  Field. 

C.  M.,  Moorestoicn,  N.  J. — I  wish  to  in¬ 
crease  the  yield  of  a  wheat  field.  After 
it  was  sown  in  September,  it  was  very  dry, 
and  it  did  not  make  a  good  growth.  The 
Winter  has  been  hard,  alternately  freezing 
and  thawing.  Is  it  best  to  use  a  weeder 
or  roller  in  early  Spring,  or  both?  Shall  I 
top-dress  with  commercial  fertilizer?  If 
so,  what  kind  and  proportions  per  acre?  I 
expect  to  sow  clover  as  soon  as  Spring 
comes. 

Ans. — We  should  sow  the  clover  seed 
and  then,  when  the  soil  was  reasonably 
dry,  work  lightly  with  a  weeder.  This 
will  help  cover  the  clover  and  give  the 
wheat  a  light  cultivation,  which  we  think 
will  prove  better  than  rolling.  We 
should  top-dress  with  one  of  the  com¬ 
mercial  “top-dressers”  or  use  a  mixture 
of  equal  parts  nitrate  of  soda,  fine  bone, 
acid  phosphate  and  muriate  of  potash. 
Use  at  least  400  pounds  per  acre. 

Soaking  Potato  Seed. 

Can  formalin  be  applied  to  potatoes  any 
length  of  time  before  planting?  It  is  very 
inconvenient  to  soak  our  potatoes  at  plant¬ 
ing  time  (about  July  4)  because  that  is  our 
busy  harvesting  season.  Does  wood  or 
coal  ashes  aid  in  ridding  the  potatoes  of 
scab  and  do  you  advise  the  use  of  either? 

Webster  Grove,  Mo.  F.  J. 

Potatoes  can  be  soaked  in  formalin  at 
least  a  month  before  planting.  Why  not 
fumigate  the  potatoes  as  described  on  page 
308?  Wood  ashes  contain  lime,  and  this 
always  acts  to  increase  the  scab.  We  have 
reports  from  farmers  that  coal  ashes  pre¬ 
vented  scab  or  gave  a  clean  crop.  Coal 
ashes  do  not  contain  lime.  When  there 
are  considerable  cinders  or  unburned  coal 
these  ashes  are  slightly  acid,  and  this 
would  act  to  prevent  the  spread  of  the 
scab. 


A  Little  Book 
About  Roses 


Climbing 

American 

Beauty 


are  large,  bright,  glossy  green  and  the  foli¬ 
age  remains  bright  and  attractive  through¬ 
out  the  entire  growing  season.  The  illus¬ 
tration  shows  a  .small  part  of  a  photograph 
of  one  Climbing  American  Beauty  in  bloom. 
Rose-lovers  will  certainly  take  great  delight 
in  this  wonderful  new  rose.  We  will  be 
pleased  to  send  you,  by  mail,  postpaid,  one 
orasmanymore  as  you  like  of  these  beau¬ 
tiful  roses.  One-year-old  plants  $2.00  each. 
Write  for  complete  descriptive  literature. 

HOOPES.  BRO.  &  THOMAS  COMPANY,  West  Chester,  Pi. 


Grow  this  Beautiful  Rose 
In  Your  Garden 

It  is  the  American  Beauty  Rose,  but  very 
much  improved.  Instead  of  being  a  plant 
that  will  only  flower  in  the 
hothouse,  it  will  thrive  and 
bloom  wherever  a  climb¬ 
ing  or  pillar  rose  will. 
It  has  the  satn‘“ 
exquisitely  fra- 
graut,  rosy -crim¬ 
son  flowers  3  to  4 
inches  in  diameter 
— but  instead  of  a 
few  flowers  it  is 
one  mass  of  bloom 
in  June, and  contin¬ 
ues  to  bloom  occa¬ 
sionally  through¬ 
out  the  season. 
The  leaves  of  our 


Blue  Rambler  Rose 

< VEI LCHENBLAU) 

A  seedliDg  of  the  famous  crimson  Rambler. 
It  bears  semi-double  flowers  of  medium  size  in 
large  bunches,  and  in  color  Is  Violet-Blue.  If 
you  want  something  to  make  people  stop  and 
take  notice  the  Blue  Rose  is  just  the  thing. 

40c  each.  8  for  #1.00 
MISS  MARY  E.  MARTIN.  Floral  Park,  New  York 


FRUIT  TREES  and  PLANTS 

At  prices  that  will  astonish  you.  Send  for  Whole¬ 
sale  Price  List  and  Lithographs.  Several  good 
collections  cheap.  We  have  a  complete  assortment 
in  all  varieties  of  fruit  trees  and  plants.  Special 
Strawberry  Catalog.  Headquarters  for  the  Old- 
Fashioned  Sweet  Cherry.  No  crooked  or  inferior 
stock  sold  at  any  price.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
L’AMORKAUX  NURSERY  CO.,  Schoharie.  N.  Y. 


TREES 

CATALOG  FREE 


— 150ACRKS.  Genesee  Valley 
grown.  “Not  the  cheapest,  but 
the  best.”  Never  have  had  San 
Jose  Scale.  Established  1869. 

GEO.  A.  SWEET  NURSERY  CO., 

20  Maple  St.,  Oansville,  N.  Y. 


Olympic  Nature  Nursery. 

THE  FOREST  CONSERVATORY. 
Oregon  Grape,  Rhododendron,  Madrona,  Huckle¬ 
berry,  Ferns,  Blackberry,  Salal,  Twin  Flower, 
Spirea,  Trillium,  Wild  Lily-ot'- the- Valley,  Ever¬ 
greens  and  other  Puget  Sound  Plants  and  Flowers. 

Special  Mail  Collections— Ten  plants  for  50  cents; 
24  for  SI,  postpaid  in  the  United  States.  Money 
back  if  not  satisfied.  Make  money  orders  payable 
to  JOEL  SHOMAKER,  Nellita,  Washington. 


Black's  Peach  Trees-191 1 

I 


.Peach  Trees  are  one  of  our  specialties — we 
grow  for  quality  and  not  quantity  alone.  Our 
trees,  however,  cost  little,  if  any,  more  than  the| 
ordinary  sort — we  employ  no  agents,  but  sell, 
di rect, saving  middleman  *s  profits. %  r  ■  ■  ■ 

New  booklet,  “Springtime  andVdIU9Dl6 
Harvest  for  the  Fruit-grower,  “  free,  p  ■  ■  ■ 

Joseph  H.  Black,  Son  Sc  Co.  BOOKlei 


V,  Hightstown,  New  Jersey 


Sent  Free 


FRUIT 

TREES 

Pears.  Bartlett,  Seckel  and  others. 

Fine,  healthy  trees.  Cherried  and 
Plums,  all  best  varieties. Peached, 
grown  from  buds  from  bearing  trees.  Also  Grape* 
and  Currants  in  any  quantity.  General  big  advance 
in  prices  this  year  owing  to  great  demand  for  fruit 
trees  in  northwest,.  Our  prices  have  not  advanced. 
Get  wholesale  prices  direct  from  tisand  gl  Lot  Offers. 
Save  i  to  J .  Free  Catalog.  W rite  to-day. 

W.  P.  RUPERT  &.  SON,  Box  30  Seneca,  N.  Y. 
Also  Breeders  of  Prize  Hampshire  Sheep 


We  Have  Over  Fifty  Million  Evergreens 

All  hardy  .tested,  nursery  grown  stock.  W  e  sli  i  p 
to  all  parts  of  the  world.  Large  as  well  as  small 
trees  supplied,  MAO  and  up  per  thousand.  Our 
prices  are  lowest  of  all.  Quality  the  highest. 

Hill’s  Trees  Grow 

because  they  are  hardy  and  have  good  roots 

You  can  have  a  beautiful  windbreak,  hedge, 
shelterbelt  or  screen  with  the  hardiest  of  ever¬ 
greens  at  a  very  low  cost.  Our  beautiful  catalog, 
Illustrated  In  colors,  is  a  mine  of  Information  on 
evergreens,  shade,  ornamental  and  fruit  trees, 
shrubs,  roses  and  vines.  Don’t  buy  until  you 
get  free  catalog  and  sheet  describing  60  won¬ 
derful  bargain  lots.  Send  for  them  today. 

D.  Hill  Jinrsery  Company,  Ilox  212,  Dundee,  Illinois 
Evergreen  Specialists 


BEAUTIFY  YOUR  HOME 

GROUNDS  WITH  A  PRIVET  HEDGE 

I  will  sell  you  enough  good,  strong,  heavily  rooted 
California  Privet  hedge  plants  to  go  around  your 
home  grounds,  planted  six  inches  apart,  for  9c  per 
yard,  packed  to  carry  anywhere,  delivered  to  It.  ft 
station  at  Salisbury,  Md.  Measure  distance  around 
your  grounds,  see  how  little  it  costs  and  send  your 
order  to  W.  F.  ALLEN,  Salisbury,  Maryland. 


FRUIT,  SHADE  and  ORNAMENTAL 
TREES,  SHRUBS  and  ROSES 

A  Large  Stock  of  the  Finest  Quality.  Also 
a  Full  Line  of  the  BEST  Spray  Pumps,  and 
Spray  Material.  Prices  Low  and  Satisfac¬ 
tion  Guaranteed.  We  Deal  Direct  with 
our  Customers.  Write  for  Price  List. 
CALL’S  NURSERIES,  Perry,  Ohio. 


APPLE  AND 
«IIU,VUU  PEACH  TREES 

Our  prices  are  50  per  cent  less  than  you 
pay  agents  and  dealers,  because  in 
buying  direct  from  the  growers  you 
SAVE  TWO  PROFITS 
and  run  no  risk.  Every  tree  as  repre¬ 
sented.  True  to  name.  Fresh  dug. 
Personal  attention  given  eacli  order. 

2  Apple  Trees  \  gSEfsXt 

postpaid  for  25  cents. 

Everybody  send  for  Free  catalogue. 
Maloney  Bros,  &  Wells, 

Box  13  ,  Dansville,  N.  Y. 


I 


e 


iuaranteedTreesi 

t  Wholesale  Prices 


DIRECT  FROM  THE  GROWERS. 

Free  from  Scale  and  Disease. 

lit  APPLE  TREES,  SI.  OO. 

Your  choice  of  any  one  Variety. 

Baldwin,  N.  Spy,  Wealthy,  Jonathan,  York  Im¬ 
perial,  Ben  Davis,  Duchess,  McIntosh  Red,  Talltnan 
Sweet,  JI.  B.  Twig.  Winter  Banana,  Red  Astrachan, 
Sutton  Beauty,  Wolf  River,  Stark. 

Write  for  our  Free  Complete  Catalog. 

Reilly  Bros.  Nurseries.  1029  Reilly  Rd.,  Dansville,  N.  Y. 


PLANT  HARDY  TREES 

Healthy,  acclimated,  high  grade,  true  to  label  fruit  trees 
and  plants  for  Northern  States  at  wholesale  prices,  direct 
from  nursery  to  planter.  Send  for  catalogue. 

CELERY  CITY  NURSERIES,  Desk  6,  Kalmmmo.  Mich. 


SALESMEN  WANTED 

TO  SELL  TREES  AND  PLANTS 


Free  outfit.  Commis¬ 
sionpaidweekly.  Write 
for  terms.  PERRY  NURS¬ 
ERIES,  Rochester.  N.  V, 


FRUIT 

TREES 


Apples,  Pears,  Plums,  Cherries, 
Peaches,  Small  Fruits,  Shrubs, 
Roses.  Finest  Stock.  Low  Prices. 
Free  Catalog.  Save  money.  Write. 

J.  FAERBER  FRUITLANO  NURSERIES 
303  Winlon  Rd. North,  Rochester,  N.Y 


WANTED 


a  few  good  customersfof 
our  unexcelled  Trees, 
Shrubs  and  Plants. 


We  want  your  custom  and  you  want  our  goods. 


Send  for  our  FREE  catalog. 


The  Rochester  Nurseries,  Rochester,  N.Y. 


for  1911  is  better,  more  beautiful  than 
ever— a  gem  of  the  printer’s  art. 

Some  Comments: 

Dr.  Robt.  Huey,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  unques¬ 
tionably  the  greatest  amateur  Rose  authority 
In  the  country,  says; 

“  I  have  read  with  pleasure  your  *  Little 
Book  About  Roses’  and  congratulate  you 
on  the  clearness  and  simplicity  of  your  in¬ 
structions  ;  any  one  with  ordinary  intel¬ 
ligence,  reading  it.  should  be  able  to  grow 
roses  successfully.” 


FRUIT  GROWERS  FAVORITE  SAW 

IS  THE  MOST  PRACTICAL  TREE  PRUNER  EVER  IHVEHTER 

Because  it  saves  time  and  labor  and  is  so  easy  to 
handle.  It  is  made  with  a  15-incli  draw  cut  blade 
and  has  a  7  or  8  foot  handle. 

Write  today  for  Descriptive  Circular  and  Prices. 

FRUIT  GROWERS  SAW  COMPANY.  Scottsville.  New  York. 


CHERRY  TREES 

100  Early  Richmond  Cherry 
TwoYear,  5  to  6  Feet,  $16,00 

Freight  paid  to  your  station.  All  other  nursery 
stock  sold  direct  to  planter  at  lowest  possible  prices 
for  high-grade  stock.  .Send  for  descriptive  price  list. 

NEW  HAVEN  NURSERIES 

NEW  HAVEN,  MISSOURI 


“Your  charming  booklet,  just  received, 
is  worth  some  whole  volumes  on  account 
of  its  concise  and  complete  directions  on 
the  cultivation  of  the  rose,  and  I  own  a 
good  many  works  on  floriculture.” 

“Written  with  an  originality  and  a  liter¬ 
ary  touch  that  has  all  the  charm  of  the 
unexpected.” 

WANT  A  COPY? 

Mailed  on  receipt  of  Ten  Cents 
in  coin  or  stamps. 


FRUIT  TREES 


Eldorado  Blackberries,  Strawberry  and 
Raspberry  Plants.  Catalog  free. 

BARNES  BROS.  NURSERY  CO. 

Box  8,  Yalesville,  Conn. 


CATALPA 


CDCnmCA  TDCCQ  Mine  are  true  to  name. 
OrtUIUoA  IflLLO  Free  booklet  tells  all 
about  the  150  acres  I  am  growing  for  telephone 
poles.  H.C.  ROGERS,  Box  111,  Mechanicsbura,  0. 


GEORGE  H.  PETERSON 

Rose  Specialist, 

Box  15,  Fair  Lawn,  N. 


FRUIT  TREES 


Our  Proof  to  date  after  years  of  service  is  that 
we  can  save  you  not  only  money,  but  disap¬ 
pointment,  when  your  trees  begin  to  fruit. 
This  Proof  will  be  submitted  with  our  new 
catalog — ask’ for  it  today.  *  *  *  *  * 
K.  So  WILEY  6  SON,  Box  122,  Cayuga.  N.Y. 


1911 


THE  RURAL  NEW-VOKKER 


349 


A  MASTER  OF  “  GUFF.” 

Up  to  a  short  time  ago  we  should  have 
given  this  title  to  E.  G.  Lewis  with  a 
strong  lead  over  all  competitors.  There 
is,  however,  a  “deafness  specialist”  in 
this  city  who  runs  him  a  close  race.  This 
man  sends  a  printed  letter  to  his  “dear 
friends”  which  is  a  masterpiece  of 
special  pleading  for  a  deaf  person.  Then 
he  comes  down  to  business : 

Stop  a  moment  and  consider  what  it 
means !  What  is  the  small  sum  of  $10  as 
compared  with  perfect  hearing?  It  is  true 
that  $10  do  not  grow  upon  every  bush,  and 
I  concede  it  may  be  difficult  for  you  to 
meet  even  the  low  terms  that  I  offer,  but 
surely  you  cannot  afford  to  pass  this  op¬ 
portunity  by  now  that  you  have  it.  The 
probability  is  that  if  you  put  off  answer¬ 
ing  this  letter  and  write  to  me  later,  I 
shall  have  raised  my  fee  so  that  you  must 
pay  $25  in  advance.  Yet  I  only  ask  you 
to  send  $3  with  your  order,  a  similar 
amount  in  a  month  and  the  small  sum  of 
$4  when  you  know  you  are  cured.  Do  not 
put  this  aside,  dear  friend. 

For  years  the  unfortunate  deaf  have 
been  peculiarly  at  the  mercy  of  fakes 
and  humbugs  who  hold  out  glowing 
hopes  for  “cures.”  No  person  with  good 
ears  can  possibly  realize  how  the  man 
who  knows  he  is  slowly  losing  his  hear¬ 
ing  will  grasp  at  any  straw  which  hot 
air  floats  in  his  direction.  There  are 
some  natures  that  cannot  put  on  philoso¬ 
phy  and  endure  the  silence.  They  feel 
that  they  must  talk  and  obtain  their 
information  from  conversation.  It  is 
worse  than  prison  for  them  to  be  shut 
in  away  from  the  human  voice.  Thus 
they  fall  an  easy  prey  to  the  deafness 
cure  fakers,  who  probably  get  hold  of 
more  money  than  any  other  class  of 
quacks. 

The  ear  is  one  of  the  most  delicate 
organs  of  the  body.  It  hardly  seems 
possible  that  anyone  in  his  right  mind 
would  think  of  putting  powders  or 
liquids  into  his  eye  at  the  suggestion  of 
some  stranger,  yet  these  fakes  expect 
you  to  do  even  worse  things  to  your 
ears.  Fool  with  the  eyes  and  you  have 
pain  and  trouble  at  once.  The  results 
with  the  ears  are  slower  but  none  the 
less  sure.  It  may  seem  like  a  cruel  thing 
to  tell  people  of  middle  age  that  most 
cases  of  long-standing  deafness  are  in¬ 
curable,  yet  it  is  probably  true.  Taken 
in  time  the  disease  may  be  stopped,  but 
in  most  forms  of  ear  trouble  the  organ 
cannot  be  entirely  restored.  When  the 
eyes  begin  to  fail  we  do  not  hope  to 
have  vision  entirely  restored,  but  adopt 
glasses  to  relieve  the  strain.  To  an 
even  greater  extent  this  thing  is  true  of 
deafness,  and  any  man  who  will  guar¬ 
antee  a  cure  for  a  case  of  deafness 
which  he  has  never  personally  examined 
may  be  put  down  as  a  fake  at  once. 
Deafness  is  hard,  but  there  are  many 
worse  things  in  this  world,  and  perhaps 
the  worst  of  all  is  a-  lack  of  humor  or 
sentiment  to  take  into  the  silence  with 
you.  But  do  not  send  your  money  to 
quacks  and  humbugs  who  promise  cures, 
or  your  trouble  will  be  doubled. 


Leasing  Orchard  Land. 

E.  II.  K.,  Rimer,  Pa. — We  have  large 
tracts  of  waste  land  that  would  make  ideal 
orchards,  and  up  to  the  present  time  I 
haven’t  planted  other  persons’  land.  What 
would  be  a  fair  price  to  pay  per  acre  on  a 
lease  for  15  years  for  a  peach  orchard? 
In  case  the  owner  furnishes  the  land  what 
Is  a  good  proposition  to  put  to  him,  con¬ 
sidering  that  I  am  the  only  person  inter¬ 
ested  in  developing  the  fruit  problem  in  my 
district. 

Ans. — The  only  orchard  fruit  that 
would  pay  one  to  grow  on  leased  land 
within  a  term  of  15  years  is  the  peach. 
The  trees  should  yield  some  profit  the 
fourth  year,  and  by  the  end  of  the  15 
years  should  be  about  done  their  useful¬ 
ness.  This  plan  has  been  followed  by 
J.  H.  Hale  of  Connecticut,  and  he 
showed  me  his  orchards  on  leased  land 
that  were  paying  him  well.  The  exact 
price  he  paid  to  the  owner  and  the 
terms  of  payment  I  do  not  remember. 
The  owner  of  the  land  should  have  a 
fair  rental,  for  suc-h  land  as  is  fit  for 


peach  orchard  should  be  reasonably 
good  soil,  such  as  would  bring  farm 
crops,  and  be  not  very  far  from  market 
or  transportation.  To  one  who  would 
start  the  fruit  industry  in  a  region  not 
over  $3  per  acre  per  year  should  be 
charged,  or  $45  for  the  entire  term  of 
15  years.  This  would  be  about  the  full 
value  of  the  land  in  many  cases  and 
half  of  it  almost  anywhere.  An  owner 
ought  to  be  satisfied  with  such  a  return 
for  land  that  would  give  him  no  trouble 
for  so  long  a  time  and  be  sure  of  yield¬ 
ing  a  revenue.  And  the  peach  grower 
should  not  be  obliged  to  make  the  pay¬ 
ments  each  year  until  its  close,  which 
would  give  him  time  to  get  returns  from 
crops.  During  the  first  three  years 
farm  crops,  truck  or  strawberries  may 
be  grown  between  the  trees  to  profit 
without  damage  to  them,  so  that  a  reve¬ 
nue  could  be  gotten  from  the  land  from 
the  start.  h.  e.  van  deman. 


A  Tomato  Grower  Talks. 

I  raise  most  of  my  seed  myself.  I  take 
it  from  plants  that  show  blight-resisting 
qualities ;  mine  did  not  blight  when  others 
lost  their  crops  around  me  from  it.  Seeds¬ 
men  will  tell  you  it  is  not  policy  to  save 
your  seeds,  but  I  find  it  pays.  As  to 
transplanting,  I  get  best  results  from  put¬ 
ting  seed  in  with  garden  drill,  and  when 
up  I  thin  with  a  hoe.  I  find  they  fruit 
better,  and  stand  drought  better,  as  the 
tap  root  is  not  injured  by  transplanting. 
I  have  tested  for  five  years  and  find  I 
get  best  results  from  drill,  and  the  drill 
planted  seeds  fruited  and  ripened  before 
the  plants  I  raised  in  hotbed,  while  soil 
and  condition  of  climate  have  a  good  deal 
to  do  with  the  way  we  plant.  You  can 
do  more  with  a  drill  in  putting  such  crops 
in,  save  time,  and  it  is  a  big  item  in 
the  Spring  when  work  is  crowding. 

Wood  C’o.,  Ohio.  C.  it.  SMITH. 


EDITOR  BROWNE 
Of  The  Rockford  Morning  Star. 

“About  seven  years  ago  I  ceased  drink¬ 
ing  coffee  to  give  your  Postum  a  trial. 

“I  had  suffered  acutely  from  various 
forms  of  indigestion  and  my  stomach  had 
become  so  disordered  as  to  repel  almost 
every  sort  of  substantial  food.  My  gen¬ 
eral  health  was  bad.  At  close  intervals 
I  would  suffer  severe  attacks  which  con¬ 
fined  me  to  bed  for  a  week  or  more. 
Soon  after  changing  from  coffee  to 
Postum  the  indigestion  abated,  and  in  a 
short  time  ceased  entirely.  I  have  con¬ 
tinued  the  daily  use  of  your  excellent 
Food  Drink  and  assure  you  most  cordial¬ 
ly  that  I  am  indebted  to  you  for  the 
relief  it  has  brought  me. 

“Wishing  you  a  continued  success,  I  am, 
“Yours  very  truly, 

“J.  Stanley  Browne, 
“Managing  Editor.” 

Of  course,  when  a  man’s  health  shows 
he  can  stand  coffee  without  trouble,  let 
him  drink  it,  but  most  highly  organized 
brain-workers  simply  cannot. 

The  drugs  natural  to  the  coffee  berry 
affect  the  stomach  and  other  organs  and 
thence  to  the  complex  nervous  system, 
throwing  it  out  of  balance  and  producing 
disorders  in  various  parts  of  the  body. 
Keep  up  this  daily  poisoning  and  serious 
disease  generally  supervenes.  So  when 
man  or  woman  finds  that  coffee  is  a 
smooth  but  deadly  enemy  and  health  is  of 
any  value  at  all,  there  is  but  one  road — 
quit. 

It  is  easy  to  find  out  if  coffee  be  the 
cause  of  the  troubles,  for  if  left  off  10 
days  and  Postum  be  used  in  its  place  and 
the  sick  and  diseased  conditions  begin  to 
disappear,  the  proof  is  unanswerable. 

Postum  is  not  good  if  made  by  short 
boiling.  It  must  be  boiled  full  15  min¬ 
utes  after  boiling  begins,  when  the  crisp 
flavor  and  the  food  elements  are  brought 
out  of  the  grains  and  the  beverage  is 
ready  to  fulfill  its  mission  of  palatable 
comfort  and  renewing  the  cells  and  nerve 
centres  broken  down  by  coffee. 

“There’s  a  Reason.” 

Get  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs. 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new 
one  appears  from  time  to  time.  They 
are  genuine,  true,  and  full  of  human 
interest. 


Heat  that  protects  little  folks 

Have  you  forgotten  your  childhood  days  when  you  fretted  at  the  cold 
approach  of  bedtime,  and  the  still  more  frigid  time  of  rising,  bathing, 
dressing  and  breakfasting.  Couldn’t  escape  the  discomfort  and  the 
health-risk  then.  No  ex- 
•cuse  now,  as  old-fashioned 
heating  has  proved  not 
only  so  lacking  but  so 
utterly  wasteful  since  we 
have  brought  out 


IDEAL.  Boilers  and  AMERI¬ 
CAN  Radiators  are  the  highest 
development  of  heating  outfit  for 
warming  and  ventilating  houses, 
stores,  schools,  churches,  etc. 

Health  authorities  and  scientific 
bodies  all  agree  on  this. 

IDEAL  Boilers  are  made  in  types  for  burning  hard  or  soft  coal,  pea  coal,  cheapest 
screenings,  lignite,  coke,  wood,  gas,  oil,  etc.  They  are  made  on  the  unit  or  sectional 
plan,  so  will  pass  through  cellar  door  of  any  building  already  erected,  and  can  be  made 
larger  or  smaller  if  the  building  is  later  altered  in  size.  Will  not  rust  or  wear  out  as 
long  as  the  building  stands.  IDEAL  Boilers  are  absolutely  safe— a  child  can  run  one 
— many  children  do.  Three  or  four  gallons  of  water  added  twice  a  season  will  keep 
the  boiler  filled.  IDEAL  Boilers  take  up  all  the  heat  from  the  fuel,  and  deliver  it  just 
where  needed — without  passing  up  dust,  ashes  or  coal-gases  to  living  rooms.  In  an 
IDEAL  Boiler  the  fire  will  not  need  rekindling  in  the  whole  heating  season — will  run  8 

to  16  hours  or  longer  without  recoaling — depend¬ 
ing  of  course  upon  the  severity  of  the  weather. 

Where  no  cellar  is  available,  an  IDEAL  water  boiler  can 
be  located  in  a  back  or  unused  room,  or  at  end  of  back 
porch  or  in  rear  shed.  IDEAL  Boilers 
and  AMERICAN  Radiators  are  used  in 
heating  thousands  of  cellarless  build¬ 
ings  in  sections  of  the  country  where  the 
seepage  ofthe  soil  is  so  great  as  to  make 
the  price  of  a  cellav  prohibitive. 

IDEAL  Boilers  r  nd  AMERICAN  Radia¬ 
tors  reduce  the  cost  of  living — they  are 
an  investment,  not  an  expense.  Their 
labor-saving  and  cleanliness  make 
them  a  great  boon  to  the  women  folks. 

Many  thousands  of  them  are  used  in  the 
farmhouses  ofthe  United  States,  Can¬ 
ada  and  Europe.  If  you  cannot  call, 
then  please  'phone  or  write  and  we  will 
send  you  our  big  book  of  heating  facts 
— puts  you  under  no  obligation  to  buy. 

Prices  are  now  most  favorable. 


A  No.  020  IDEAL  Boiler  and  262  sq.  ft. 
of  38-in.  AMERICAN  Radiators,  cost¬ 
ing  the  owner  $105,  were  used  to 
heat  this  cottage,  at  which  price  the 
goods  can  be  bought  of  any  reputable, 
competent  Fitter.  This  did  not  include 
cost  of  labor,  pipe,  valves,  freight,  etc., 
which  are  extra  and  vary  according 
to  climatic  and  other  conditions. 


Public 

Showrooms  in  all 
large  cities 


AmericanRadiato^  Company 


Write  to 
Department  9 
Chicago 


makes  it  only  play  to  work  a  garden  ” 

This  is  exactly  what  a  Planet  Jr  gardener  says.  And  he  says  what  over  ^ 
a  million  farmers  and  gardeners  think.  They  know  the  time  and  labor  their1 
Planet  Jrs  save.  Aren’t  you  ready  to  give  up  the  drudgery  of  farm  and  garden  ?1 
J  Planet  Jr  implements  are  ready  to  lighten  your  labor,  enlarge  and  better  your  crops, 1 
fand^,  increase  your  profits.  Made  by  a  practical  farmer  and  manufacturer 
►with  over  35  years’  experience.  Fully  guaranteed. 

No.  25  Planet  Jr  Combined  Hill  and  Drill  Seeder,  Double  Wheel  Hoe, 

Cultivator  and  Plow  opens  the  farrow,  sows  seed  in  dri'ls  or  hills,  covers,  rolls  and  marks 
out  next  row  in  one  operation  ;  and  it  has  perfect’  cultivating  attachments  besides. 

No.  8  Planet  Jr  Horse-Hoe  and  Cultivator  will  do  more  things  in  more  ways 
than  any  other  horse-hoe  made.  Plows  to  or  from  the  row.  A  splendid  furrower." 
coverer,  hiller,  and  horse-hoe  ;  uncqualed  as  atmltivator. 

The  1911  Planet  Jr  illustrated  catalogue  is  invaluable  to 
every  progressive  farmer  and  gardener.  56  pages 
helpfu'  hints  op  labor-saving.  Free 
ant^  Postpaid.  Write  for  it  today. 

.  S  L  Allen  &  Co  _ 

Box  1167V  Philadelphia  Pa 


Three  Soils  That  Need  Lime 

Sour— Dense  and  Compact— Loose  and  Porous 


EH  LAND  1  ,mE 


A  High  Calcium  Lime  in  Powder  Form 

Shipped  in  100-lb.  bags,  ready  to  apply  or  will  keep  until  you  aro  ready. 

Most  dealers  carry  it  in  stock  ;  if  yours  does  not,  please  write  us. 

Our  free  booklet.,  “Liming  the  Land,”  tells  about  the  when,  where  and  how  of  liming. 

ROCKLAND-ROCKPORT  LIME  CO. 


Boston,  21  Milk  St. 


Rockland,  Me. 


New  York,  Fifth  Ave.  Bldpr. 


ery 


Elkhart  Vehicles  and  Harness 

have  a  world-wide  reputation  for  high  quality  and  our 
prices  have  made  them  famous. 

THIRTY-EIGHT  YEARS 

experience  selling  to  the  consumer  means  success. 

We  ship  for  examination,  guaranteeing  safe  deliv- 
,  satisfaction  and  to  save  you  money. 

Catalog  shows  all  styles  of  pleas¬ 
ure  vehicles  and  harness,  pony 
vehicles  and  harness,  spring  wagons, 
delivery  wagons,  farm  wagons, 
and  harness. 

May  we  send  yon  large  catalog? 

Elkhart  Carriage  &  Harness  Mfg.  Co., 

Elkhart,  Indiana 


Save 

$25 


aso 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
F.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
"a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  20. 


THE  KUKAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  18. 


Farm  Seeds. 


We  are  headquarters  for 
the  best  in  all  Farm  seeds. 

Grass  and  Clover  Seeds 
Seed  Corn,  Cotton  Seed, 

Cow  Peas,  Soja  Beans, 
Sorghums,  Kaffir  Corn, 
Millet  Seed,  Peanuts,  etc. 

'’Wood’s  Crop  issued 
Special’’  m  o  n  thly 
gives  timely  information  as  to 
seeds  to  plant  each  month  in 
the  year,  also  prices  of  Season¬ 
able  Seeds.  Write  for  copy, 
mailed  free  on  request 


FARM 

SEEDS 


Headquarters  for 
Alfalfa,  Clover, 
Hay  and  Pasture 
Mixtures,  Beans, 
Cabbage,  Corn 
Oats,  Onions, 
Potatoes  and  all 
farm  seeds  in  large  or  small  quantities  at 
lowest  market  prices  for  absolutely  highest 
quality.  Tell  us  today  what  you  need. 

UIPITC  Garden  and  Floral 
VILA  J  Guide  for  1911 

Ready  now.  As  always,  the  authority  on 
what,  how,  when  and  where  to  plant.  Your 
copy  of  the  Guide  is  waiting  for  you.  Write 
for  it  to-day.  Sent  free. 

JAMES  VICK’S  SONS,  430  Main  St.,  Rochester ,N.Y. 


F°* 


SALE— Black  ami  White  Reed  Oats  and  Reed 
Corn.  O.  COOLIDGE,  Clifton  Springs,  N.  Y. 


rnn  CHI  C— Canada  Peas,  $1.85  bushel;  Alas. 
lUll  vHLC  ka  Peas,  $4.00  bushel:  Cow  Peas. 
$2.25  bushel;  Crimson  Clover  Seed,  $8.50  bushel. 
Row  Canada  Peas  and  Oats  in  March  and  harvest 
crop  of  liny  in  Mav.  Onion  Rets  at  $2.  per 
bushel.  JOSEPH  E.  HOLLAND.  Millard.  Del. 


Cuthbert  Raspberry,  Eldorado  Blackberry, 
Wineberry,  Barrs  Mammoth,  and  Giant 
Argenteuil  Asparagus,  Privet,  etc. 

Prices  and  plants  will  satisfy. 

H.  H.  CORSON  SON,  Avondale,  Pa. 


In  McKAY’S 
SOCK _ - 


PLANT  $1.00 

and  got  one  of  these  collections: 

10  Cherry  Trees _ or  10  Pear  Trees 

10  Plum  Trees. ...or  10  Peach  Trees 
12  Grape  Vines  or  50  Berry  Bushes 

5  Rose  Bushes . or  f,  Shrubs 

McKay’s  Catalogue  Free 
W.  L.  McKAY,  Geneva,  N.  Y.  Box  R 


50,000  WILDER  CURRANT 

Plants,  1  year,  at  $14.00  per  M;  in  lots  of  5,000,  $12.00 
per  M.  J.  P.  WYGANT,  Marlboro,  N.  Y. 


FARM,  Marlborough,  N.  Y. 


Pomeroy  Hardy  English  WALNUT  TREES 

Free  Illustrated  Booklet 
ENGLISH  WALNUT  FARM 
D,  N.  POMERY,  LOCKPORT,  N.  Y. 


200,000  ASPARAGOS ROOTS— Giant  Argentenil  seed(iin- 
portod),  $2.50  per  thousand.  Sample  sont  if  desired. 
A  Iso  Rhubarb  Sets  from  seed  variety  barge  Victoria. 
Address  Warren  Wkbrtku,  R.  F.  11.  1,  Simsbury, 
Conn.;  or  Or.  C.  A.  Conover,  Newburgh,  N.  Y. 


GOOSEBERRY  PLANTS,  8c.  each;  $7.50  per  100. 
Lx  J.  GEO.  DAGER,  Bine  Anchor,  N.  J. 


Rhododendrons, named  hybrids  from  Holland. 

Colorado  Blue  Spruce. 

Standard  Box  Treet,  sheared,  round  heads 
and  pyramids ;  all  with  hall  and  sure  to  grow. 
Tree  Roiex— A  large  stock  of  H.  P.  roses,  in¬ 
cluding  Frau  Karl  DruschM. 

We  do  not  advertise  the  price  at  a  ridiculous 
figure  to  knock  the  other  fellow,  but  will  say 
our  price  is  right,  and  we  can  furnish  the  same 
4C.  stock  he  advertises  if  you  want  it. 

Come  and  see  us  at  Millburn  or  Newark, 
New  Jersey. 

NORTH  JERSEY  NURSERIES 


Green  Manure  Crops  for  Indiana. 

8.  A.  M Edinburg,  Ind. — I  have  a  truck 
and  berry  farm  in  Shelby  County,  Ind.  Land 
is  level,  part  black  and  part  is  upper  clay. 
The  black  land  is  compact  and  needs  humus 
as  well  as  the  clay.  We  cannot  get  a  suf- 
fiicent  amount  of  manure ;  what  can  I  sow 
or  plant  to  get  humus? 

Ans. — Vetch  offers  better  opportuni¬ 
ties  for  giving  humus  to  these  soils  than 
any  plant  I  know  of.  1  have  tried  it  on 
sandy  land,  clay,  black  alluvial  and  black 
muck  of  a  sticky  nature.  On  all  these 
it  has  done  much  good.  It  is  far  better 
than  cow  peas  or  the  clovers.  I  would 
sow  oats  on  the  fields  this  Spring  and 
then  follow  with  vetch  in  August  or 
September,  and  let  the  vetch  stand  over 
Winter.  By  April  the  vetch  would 
cover  the  field  with  a  mass  of  foliage,  and 
this  turned  under  would  give  rich 
stores  of  humus.  If  left  too  long  in  the 
Spring  it  forms  such  a  growth  as  to 
make  it  necessary  to  use  a  rolling  cutter 
with  the  plow.  The  fields  might  be 
sown  in  vetcli  this  Spring,  but  in  this 
case  it  would  have  to  be  turned  under 
in  the  Fall.  It  would  doubtless  he  as 
beneficial  as  the  former,  but  necessitates 
the  loss  of  a  crop.  If  the  oats  are  sown 
in  well-prepared  soil,  all  that  would  be 
required  in  August  would  be  to  loosen 
the  surface  and  drill  in  the  vetch.  It 
will  take  care  of  itself.  In  drilling  shut 
off  the  feed  gauge,  and  it  will  sow 
ample  seed.  From  30  to  40  pounds  seed 
are  required  per  acre.  On  the  clay  I 
would  sow  40  pounds;  on  the  black  soils 
30  will  suffice.  Seed  can  be  obtained 
from  any  of  the  leading  seedsmen.  For 
truck  ground  vetch  is  most  excellent. 
On  the  160  acres  sand  farm  so  poor  as 
not  to  pay  expense  for  growing  truck, 
a  change  was  made  that  is  astonishing. 
The  farm  is  devoted  to  growing  sweet 
corn,  beets,  peas,  in  fact  all  truck  for 
the  canning  factory.  The  corn  yields 
last  year  were  over  four  tons  where  be¬ 
fore  20  bushels  was  the  limit  in  field 
corn.  The  peas  gave  $75  per  acre,  over 
two  tons  to  the  acre.  j.  H.  H. 

Indiana. 


Bone  Dust  Compared  with  Manure. 

C.  L.  It.,  Huntington,  W.  Va. — A  person 
in  Virginia  lias  been  recommended  to  me 
as  one  who  ground  pure  hone  dust,  and  I 
have  written  him  concerning  same  lie  ad¬ 
vises  that  his  bone  dust  is  worth  $36  per 
ton  f.  o.  h.,  and  100  pounds  of  hone  dust 
is  equal  in  value  to  four  two-horse  loads  of 
best  stable  manure,  lasting  one-third  longer 
in  production  of  crops,  producing  one-fourth 
heavier  yield  in  grain  and  of  a  one-lifth 
better  quality.  What  I  am  desirous  of  is 
fertilizer  on  Hay  ground  for  grass,  hillside 
or  rolling  land.  Would  you  advise  me  if  the 
bone  dust  alone  is  all  right,  or  if  you  have 
anything  better  to  suggest?  I  would  also 
like  to  know  the  best  fertilizer  for  peach 
trees  this  year  that  bore  heavily  last  year. 

J  feel  as  though  from  their  heavy  bearing 
last  year,  in  case  of  a  heavy  crop  on  this 
year,  something  should  be  done  to  help  the 
peaches  along. 

Ans. — The  only  safe  way  to  buy  fer¬ 
tilizer  is  on  a  guaranteed  analysis.  If 
we  knew  the  guarantee  given  with  this 
bone  dust  we  could  do  better,  but  we 
assume  it  is  a  fine  sample  containing  V/2 
per  cent  nitrogen  and  25  of  phosphoric 
acid.  We  also  assume  that  a  two-horse 
load  of  manure  is  a  ton — which  is  a 
small  estimate.  We  have,  then,  the 
following  comparison : 

Nitro-  I'll  os.  Pot- 
gen.  Acid.  ash. 

100  pounds  bone  dust...  3 Vi  25 

4  tons  manure . 40  25  50 

We  take  the  average  analysis  of 
manure.  This  shows  the  nonsense  of 
claiming  this  comparative  value  of  100 
pounds  of  the  hone  dust.  The  manure 
has  10  times  as  much  nitrogen  and  as 
much  phosphoric  acid,  while  the  bone 
dust  has  no  potash  whatever.  Accord¬ 
ing  to  the  dealer’s  figures,  one  ton  of 
his  bone  dusfc  is  equal  to  80  loads  of 
manure,  which  probably  could  not  be 
bought  for  less  than  $100  anywhere  that 
bone  would  be  likely  to  be  used.  This 
is  a  good  illustration  of  the  extravagant 
claims  made  by  some  dealers  in  chemi¬ 
cals  in  order  to  sell  their  goods.  For 
certain  fertilizing  purposes  there  is 
nothing  better  than  good  bone  dust,  hut 
it  does  not  contain  potash,  and  is  not, 
like  manure,  a  complete  fertilizer. 
Strong  clay  soils  are  often  rich  natur¬ 
ally  in  potash,  and  some  crops  might  do 
fairly  well  without  that  element  being 
added,  but  for  fruit  we  should  always 
use  potash  unless  careful  experiment 
had  shown  that  it  was  not  needed.  An¬ 
other  way  in  which  the  bone  dust  is 
worth  less  than  the  manure  is  in  the 
vegetable  matter  which  the  latter  con¬ 
tains.  This  is  particularly  needed  on 
heavy  soils.  If  you  will  use  three  parts 
of  this  bone  dust  mixed  with  one  part 
muriate  of  potash  you  will  have  a  good 
mixture  for  your  fruit. 


A  Hall  Acre  ol  Cherries 

If  you  can  spare  half  an  acre  for  a  cherry  orchard,  here  is  the 


choicest,  thriftiest  selection  of  sweet  and  sour  cherries— early, 
medium,  and  late— you  ever  saw.  All  are  first-class,  two-year-old 
trees,  ready  to  come  into  bearing  in  three  years.  Read  the  list 
—can  you  beat  it  ? 

SOUR  CHERRIES  SWEET  CHERRIES 


$3.48 


S  Early  Richmoxid. 

10  Montmorency. 

5  Late  Eng.  Morello. 

The  Green’s  Direct-to-you  Catalogue  price 
charge  you  much  more.  Now  for  $3.48 


Agents'  Prlcos  Cut  In  Two  ,  - 

Green  s  Trees  I 


Send  for  Our  1911  Catalogue 

These  are  only  a  few  of  the  many  bar¬ 
gain  collections  of  trees  listed  in  our 
1911  Catalogue — larger,  finer,  better  titan 
ever  before.  Every  tree  we  send  you  is 
of  a  first-class  variely.good  -sized,  thrifty, 
triple-inspected  ana  guaranteed  true  to 
name.  These  trees  are  our  regular 
high-grade  stock— j  ust  what  we  would 
send  you  whether  you  ordered  one  tree 
or  a  thousand. 

We  sell  direct.  We  have  no  agents.  We 
save  you  the  agent’s  commission,  ami  a 
comparison  will  show  you  that  our  prices 
are  half  or  less  what  agents  charge. 

But  get  the  catalogue  and  satisfy  your¬ 
self.  Send  now  ami  also  ask  for  our 
souvenir  book  “30  Years  With  Fruits 
and  Flowers.” 


2  Gov.  Wood  (White.) 

2  Green’s  Blk.  Tartarian. 

2  Napoleon. 

of  these  trees  is  $4.20— but  others  would 

A  6  Tree  Collection 

If  you  want  a  small  but  choice  cherpr 
orchard  get  our  Collection  No  3 — Six 
Grand  Sweet  Cherries  for  $1.20 — one-fifth 
less  than  our  catalogue  price.  All  are 
two-year-old  trees,  6  to  7  feet  high. 

2  Green’s  Tartarian  1  Gov.  Wood  (White) 
1  Napoleon  1  Windsor  1  Schmidt’s  Blgarreau 

These  will  give  you  cherries  from  early 
June  to  fall. 

12  Best  Plums  Only  $2.35 

This  is  one-tliird  off  our  regular  Direct- 
to-you  Catalogue  price  —  and  the  vari¬ 
eties!  note  them.  Abundance,  Burbank, 
Gueii,  Bradshaw — One  each;  Shropshire 
Damson,  Loin  bard  .York  State,  Niagara — 
two  each.  Twelve  trees — all  largest,  best 
stock,  and  at  this  special  priceof  J2.35. 

Surprise  Shrub  Collection 

Beautify  your  groundswith  shrubbery. 
Here  are  13  extra  strong  shrubs  ready  for 
blooming  first  season.  $3.00  worth  for 
$1.60.  Althea,  Spire  a,  Deutzia,  2  each; 
Weigelia,  Purple  Berberry,  Golden  F,lder, 
Snowball,  Yucca, Golden  Willow,  Clem¬ 
atis  Paniculata. 


GREEN’S  NURSERY  CO.,  Box  22,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


Dibble’s  Seed  Potatoes 

3l  varieties.  Northern  grown,  full  of  health 
and  vigor.  Over  30,000  bushels  sold.  About 
30,000  bushels  still  on  band,  but  selling  fast. 
Orders  averaging  from  1,000  to  3,000  bushels 
daily. 

If  yon  want  Reed  Potatoes,  hug  novo-  Stock 
is  right.  Prices  are  on  rock  bottom ■  We  are 
Seed  Growers  and  ship  direct  from  our  1,000 
acre  Reed  Farms  to  you. 

Dibble’s  Farm  Seed  Catalogue,  the  Leading 
Farm  Seed  Book  of  the  Year,  describing  the 
best  Seed  Potatoes,  Oats.  <  lorn.  Alfalfa,  Clover 
and  Grass  Seeds,  is  FREE.  Write  for  it 
right  now, 

EDWARD  F.  DIBBLE 

SEED  GROWER 

BOX  B  HONEOYE  FALLS,  N.  Y. 

POTATO  GR0WERS7S"4ty°fromethoP^owe? 

and  save  money.  White,  smooth,  saml  grown 
Rural  New-Yorkers,  free  from  l.Hgnt,  $1.50  per  107 
lb.  sack.  Also  a  lew  Irish  Cobblers  and  Early 
Petoskeys.  L.  G.  BRIDGE!!,  R.  1>.  3,  Phelps, N.Y. 

POTATOES — OiHiit,  Mnstl&r,  flreen  .Ml  ,  Hols  ,*n.  Ohio,  Popular, 
Coin  Ionia,  Slx’Wrekn,  H."»  kind..  P,  IV.  I'Ollll,  Klslirr*.  X,  "V. 

SKKI>  CORN — Reid’s  Yellow  limit,  Imp. Learning, 
Golden  Surprise,  American  Pride,  White  Cap  and 
good  oats.  ( Catalog  free.  THE0.BURI  &  SONS, Melrose, Ohio 


SEED 


OATS,  CORN,  POTATOES,  ETC. 
Best  kinds.  Low  Prices.  Write  us. 

McAOAMS  SEED  CO  ,  Columbus  Grove.  0. 


The  BIG  MONEY  CROP 


SEEP; 

only! 


CENTS 
POUND 
AND  UP 

l 


-START  RIGHT  WITH  GOOD  SEED 

I  We  know  that  our  seed  is  KX’IKA 
■  (IOOD,  and  supply  yearly  many  of 
7  the  largest  growers.  ___ 

$150.00  TO  $300.00  PER  ACRE 
5  IS  WITHIN  YOUR  REACH 

We  have  an  enormous  crop  of  best 
;  eomrnoreial  varieties  and  make 
’  Special  Ix)W  Prices  on  quantity. 
Tell  us  how  many  acres  you  will 
plant  in  Onions  ami  what  vario- 
ties  and  we  will  send  samples  and 
rook  bottom  prices.  Better  write 
now— it’s  worth  your  while.  Also 
any  other  seeds  you  need. 

Henry  Field  Seed  Co. 

No.  26  Field  Blgd. 

A-  SHENANDOAH.  IA. 


WHOLESALE  PRICES 


CCCn  n  Are  Sensation  yielded  OCti  bus.  jier 
’  w  aere  on  25  acres.  Best  oats  in  cul¬ 
tivation.  Largest  grain,  stillest  straw,  and  almost 
as  heavy  as  wheat.  Try  them  this  season  and  double 
your  yield.  It  will  be  the  best  investment  you  ever 
made.  Sample  and  catalogue  free. 

THKO.  HURT  &  SONS  .  .  Melrose,  Ohio 


Drop  a  card  for 

T’lLiA.KrSBTjrLGrll’S 

STRAWBERRY  CATALOG 

for  1911.  Reliable,  interesting  and  instruc¬ 
tive.  HIGHLAND.  ST.  LOUIS,  GOLDEN  GATE 
and  all  the  best  varieties.  Address 

C.  N.  FLANSBURGH  &  SON 

JACKSON,  MICH. 


On  Strawberry, 
Currant,  As 
High  Gra< 
d.  R.  WESTON  A  CO. 


:rry,  Raspberry,  Blackberry,  Gooseb 
sparagus  and  Grape  Plants,  Heavy  Rc 
de  Stock.  19th  Annnal  Catalogue  Fr 


R8 


Gooseberry, 
Rooted, 
ee. 

Bridgman,  Mick 


HIGH  GRADE  STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 

A  rite  for  list  and  prices. 

•I.  BKTSCJHEli  .  .  Canal  Dover,  Ohio. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  for  Business.  Fancy 
Berries.  That's  what  talks.  Leading  varieties. 
Catalogue  free.  I).  M.  TEETER,  Belleville,  Ohio. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  THAT  CROW 


All  Standard  Varietiea.  Also  RASPBERRY,  BLACKBERRY, 
CURRANT  and  GRAPE  Flams  and  ASPARAGUS  Koota  111 

ASSORTMENT.  WARRANTED  TRUE-TO-NAME,  and  of 

GRADE  represented.  Catalog  with  Cultural  Instructions  1  Kkh 

C  E.  WHITTEN,  BOX  11,  BRIDGMAN.  MICHIGAN. 

‘‘Dewdroo”  Everbearing  Strawberry 

Largest  in  the  World 
Bears  the  First  Season 

Continuous,  June  to  Nov.,  color  rich 
crimson,  even  throughout.  Delicious 
flavor.  Fiesli  fine  grained.  Unexcelled 
shipping  qualities.  Circular  froo. 

II.  F.  DEW,  Albion,  Michigan. 


S 


TRAWBERRY  PLANTS  only  $1 .5(1  &  $1 .75  per  1000.  Ulus. 
Catalogue  Free.  S.  A.  VIUDIN,  Harily,  Del. 


WEET  POTATO  SEED,  DEWBERRY  AND 
Strawberry  Plants,  Asparagus  Roots,  Grape 
Catalog  free.  MICHAEL  N.  B0RG0,  Vineland,  N.  J. 


s 

Vines. 


STRAWBKHKY  Hauls.  Send  for  free  catalog.  Large 
stock  Miller,  best  red  raspberry,  only  $5  per  1000.  Also, 
eggs  for  hatching.  Pure  VV.  Wy.  nnd  It.  P.  It.,  eggs 
for  $1.25.  Si.aymakkr  <S  Son,  Wyoming,  bell 

QtrQUfhorru  Plante  Host  Varieties. 

OilunUcI  I  I  riQlllo  Descriptive  Catalogue 
Free.  BASIL  PERRY,  D.  18,  Cool  Spring,  Del. 

Our  free  book  quotes 
lowest  prices,  honestly 
describes  00  varieties, 
explains  C.  O.'D.  plan, 
tolls  how  to  plant  and  grow  strawberries,  rasp¬ 
berries,  blackberries,  grapes,  etc. 

A.  G.  BLOUNT,  Dept.  A,  Hastings,  N.  Y. 


PLANTS 


5,000  QUARTS  OF 

STRAWBERRIES 

in  September  and  October 
from  one  acre  by  planting 
Kevitt's  New  Fall-Bearing 
Plants.  This  I  guaranteeor 
I  will  return  your  money 
paid  for  plants.  Send  for  my 
catalogue.  Over  five  now 
fall-bearing  varieties. 

T.  C.  KEVITT,  ATHENIA,  N.  J. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS— Now  and  old  varieties.  Semi 
for  now  Illus.  Catalogue  for  1911.  Prices  from 
$1.50  per  1,000  up.  DAVID  RODWAY,  Hartly,  Dei. 

STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 

Express  prepaid.  Send  for  catalogue. 

H1LLCREST  FRUIT  FARM  .  .  Washington,  Indiana 

CHOICE  COW  PEAS 

Hand  threshed;  anv  variety,  any  quantity.  Cor 
respondenee  solicited.  SUOLER  BROS,,  Bridgeville,  Del. 


P  LA  N  T 
EUREKA 


CORN 

Get  65  Tons  Ensilage 
Per  Acre. 


Others  are 
doing  it  — 
you  try  this 
spring.  F.ureka  Ensilage  Corn 
grows  tallest,  has  most  leaves 
and  largest  number  of  ears. 
Pack  your  silos  to  the  brim  this 
season — save  money  on  grain. 
Cows  thrive  on  ensilage,  in¬ 
crease  your  milk  profits.  Get  the 
genuine — we  are  headquarters 
for  Kurekn.  Seed.  850  Gold 
Prize  for  beat  yield  tills 
yen r.  Prices  and  big  new  seed 
catalogue  free — write  today. 

ROSS  BROS.  CO. 

13  Front  Street,  Worcester,  Mass. 


l,OO0,000 

Strawberry  Plants 


Large  stock  thrifty  young  plants  from  famous 
“Heritage”  strain.  Prolific  hearer.  Also  Trees, 
Vines.California  Privet,  Asparagus  Roots,  Spraying 
Outfits,  Garden  Tools,  etc;  writutoday  fo;*  fkek :catui"K. 

Arthur  J.  Collins,  BoxR,  Moorestown,  N.J. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


1911 

AMERICAN  POMOLOGICAL  MEETING. 

Part  II. 

Pecan  culture  in  Georgia  and  Florida 
came  in  for  a  good  share  of  attention,  and 
papers  were  read  by  J.  B.  Wight  and  H.  K. 
Miller  on  the  subject,  each  for  his  own 
State,  respectively.  Remarks  were  also 
made  by  others,  regarding  these  sections 
and  the  alluvial  regions  of  the  Mississippi 
Valley.  There  is  no  doubt  that  pecan 
growing  is  on  a  sure  footing.  The  best  of 
all  pecans  are  grown  In  the  Gulf  States, 
Georgia  and  the  Carolinas.  The  varieties 
originated  there  arc  too  tender  in  tree  and 
too  late  in  ripening  their  nuts  to  succeed 
in  the  North.  But  there  are  types  of  the 
pecan  and  a  few  varieties  have  been  se¬ 
lected  from  them  that  are  hardy  In  Vir¬ 
ginia,  Ohio  and  westward  to  Kansas.  In 
the  Wabash  bottoms  of  Indiana  and  else¬ 
where  in  that  latitude  there  are  gigantic 
pecan  trees  growing  in  the  forests  of  the 
rich  bottom  lands.  That  in  future  pecan 
growing  will  be  extended  northward  is  quite 
probable,  but  only  through  the  hardy  types. 

“Orchard  Heating"  was  the  subject  of 
a  very  good  paper  by  Prof.  W.  L.  Howard 
of  Missouri.  The  benefits  were  very  plainly 
shown  by  references  to  many  commercial 
tests  of  the  system.  Mineral  oil  from 
which  the  gasoline  had  been  taken  was 
found  to  be  the  best  to  use,  although  there 
are  coal  burners  that  have  been  found  prac¬ 
tical.  There  must  be  heaters  used  that  will 
burn  all  night  without  replenishing  the 
oil,  to  save  trouble  in  the  night.  From 
Missouri  and  Kansas  several  most  excellent 
results  were  stated  by  those  who  had  tried 
orchard  heating  to  save  their  apple  and 
other  fruit  crops  and  similar  cases  in 
several  other  States  were  mentioned.  Orch¬ 
ard  heating  seems  to  be  a  fixed  and  prac¬ 
tical  business. 

Orange  culture  in  Florida  was  thoroughly 
treated  in  all  its  phases  and  by  experts  in 
every  one  of  them.  The  Citrus  orchard 
pests  occupied  a  considerable  part  of  the 
attention,  because  they  are  numerous  and 
hard  to  fight.  The  white  fly  is  one  of  the 
worst  of  them  and  yet  it  is  now  being 
destroyed  by  a  class  of  natural  enemies,  or 
certain  fungi  that  prey  upon  the  young 
larva  of  this  insect.  The  leaves  are  often 
covered  with  the  fungus  spots  that  have 
grown  where  the  insects  had  been,  giving 
an  ugly  brown  appearance  to  the  foliage, 
but  this  is  far  better  than  the  insect  pest 
that  was  sucking  the  life  from  the  tree. 

“Fertilizers  for  Oranges”  was  treated  by 
E.  O.  Painter  of  Florida,  and  he  gave  a 
very  good  history  of  the  whole  business 
from  the  first  efforts  of  the  early  settlers 
in  budding  over  the  wild  orange  trees  in 
the  hammocks  to  the  most  recent  methods. 
From  the  naturally  fertilized  soil  of  the 
hammocks  to  the  poor  pine  land  changed 
by  chemicals  and  soiling  crops,  he  told  the 
story  of  progress.  Potash,  phosphorus  and 
nitrogen  wisely  used  is  the  basis  of  the 
whole  thing  as  we  now  see  it.  Cultivation 
is  very  necessary  at  times  and  on  certain 
soils,  but  an  abundance  of  properly  balanced 
plant  food  is  the  backbone  of  modern 
orange  culture  in  Florida.  It  makes  the 
sweet,  juicy  orange  that  we  all  love  to 
eat. 

The  proper  gathering,  handling  and 
packing  of  oranges  was  another  Important 
part  of  the  discussion.  By  the  most  care¬ 
ful  clipping  of  the  fruit  from  the  trees,  the 
avoidance  of  all  rough  handling  and  the 
most  conscientious  grading  and  packing 
there  is  being  placed  on  the  market  the 
best  oranges  that  are  found  in  any  part  of 
the  world  and  with  only  a  fraction  of  one 
per  cent,  of  loss.  The  Florida  Citrus  Ex¬ 
change  is  a  powerful  factor  in  the  fruit 
world  and  a  blessing  to  the  growers. 

“Keeping  Quality  of  Apples,”  by  Prof.  W. 
R.  Lazenby  of  Ohio,  was  a  very  interesting 
subject  and  ably  treated.  He  gave  the  re¬ 
sults  of  some  experiments  in  early  and  late 
gathering  of  the  same  varieties  from  the 
same  trees  at  different  times,  and  their 
examination  later.  The  conclusion  was  that 
the  very  early  gathered  apples  and  those 
gathered  rather  late,  kept  better  than  those 
gathered  between  these  two  conditions. 
Those  gathered  very  early  lost  in  w.eight 
and  were  of  poor  flavor.  Those  gathered 
very  late,  after  the  color  was  well  devel¬ 
oped,  were  the  best  in  every  way.  The 
inference  is  clear  but  the  facts  that  con¬ 
front  us  are  that  we  cannot  gather  all  the 
crop  at  the  ideal  time  and  great  care  must 
be  used  to  do  the  best  possible  under  the 
circumstances  after  clearly  understanding 
the  principal  involved.  There  were  several 
invitations  from  places  at  which  to  hold 
the  next  meeting  but  all  were  referred  to 
the  Executive  Committee.  Washington,  D. 
C.,  was  thought  to  be  a  good  place.  The 
old  officers  were  elected  almost  without  a 
change.  H.  a.  van  deman. 


Removing  Trees  With  Dynamite. — In 
clearing  laud  I  have  used  dynamite  under 
some  apple  trees  16  inches  in  diameter 
with  good  results.  Three  sticks  of  the  ex¬ 
plosive  lifted  some  of  them  (whole  trees) 
out  of  the  ground  bodily,  an  expense  of  40 
cents,  about,  so  applied  accomplishing  as 
much  as  two  men  could  effect  in  several 
hours  of  hard  work,  or  more  likelv,  half 
Q  day.  fc. 

Manhasset,  L.  I. 


Western  Tomato  Yields. 

Friend  Cook’s  article  (page  100)  is  in¬ 
teresting.  There  is  no  plant  grown  by  us 
that  gives  more  pleasure  along  with 
profit  than  does  the  tomato.  Ills  state¬ 
ment  of  receipts  per  acre  running  from 
$300  to  $G00  may  seem  high  to  the  casual 
reader,  but  to  those  familiar  with  tomato 
yields  it  is  not  so.  1  presume  his  sales 
were  in  the  markets.  I  have  grown  them 
to  yield  over  500  bushels  per  acre ;  three 
acres  grown  for  the  cannery  brought  .$345, 
or  $115  per  acre.  The  yield  was  over  49 
tons,  or  10 1-3  tons  per  acre.  This  was 
what  was  delivered  at  the  cannery.  There 
were  some  sold  in  the  markets,  both  early 
and  late  in  the  season,  when  the  cannery 
could  not  handle  them.  Of  these  no  ac¬ 
counts  were  kept,  but  I  know  they  would 
have  brought  the  receipts  per  acre  up  to 
$150.  This  lot  contained  0500  plants,  set 
4  %  feet  by  4(4  feet,  and  cultivated  both 
ways  with  a  harrow-tooth  cultivator.  The 
ground  was  gone  over  once  a  week  until 
the  vines  wellnigh  covered  the  ground. 
Our  aim  was  to  keep  a  loose  surface  to 
retain  moisture.  A  killing  frost  came  the 
last  of  October,  and  I  believe  fully  one- 
fourth  as  many  green  tomatoes  were  on 
the  vines  as  were  gathered.  My  plan  of 
handling  plants  is  somewhat  the  same  as 
his,  only  I  grow  ours  in  a  hotbed  and  use 
cold  frames  for  hardening  them  before 
putting  them  out  in  the  open.  I  first . 
reset  the  young  plants  in  the  warm  bed, 
and  when  the  weather  will  admit  I  trans¬ 
plant  the  second  time  in  the  cold  frame, 
where  the  plant  remains  till  time  for  out¬ 
door  setting.  I  never  allow  my  plants  to 
become  chilled,  as  such  plants  never  re¬ 
cover.  In  transplanting  either  in  the 
beds  or  outdoors  I  do  not.  want  a  plant 
to  wither  at  all. 

For  our  very  early  market  tomatoes  we 
protect  the  young  plant  from  cutworms, 
frost  or  cold  winds  by  placing  over  them 
a  tin  can  with  both  top  and  bottom  re¬ 
moved.  At  the  cannery  are  many  defective 
tin  cans;  I  secure  these  at  my  leisure,  re¬ 
move  the  ends  and  when  planting  place 
one  over  each  plant,  pressing  it  slightly  in 
the  soil.  These  are  not  removed  till  the 
next  Spring,  when  the  vines  are  taken  off. 
These  cans  will  serve  for  two  years.  No 
plants  are  lost  by  doing  this.  The  shoots 
coming  out  at  the  axil  of  the  leaf  are  re¬ 
moved  at  first  to  give  the  first  fruits  a 
chance,  and  all  through  the  season  much 
superfluous  growth  is  removed  to  admit 


air  and  sunshine.  I  begin  selling  early  to¬ 
matoes  about  July  25,  fully  two  weeks 
ahead  of  time.  Prices  then  range  from  10 
cents  down  to  four  cents  per  pound  as  the 
season  advances.  I  aim  to  have  each  plant 
produce  at  least  15  pounds  of  market¬ 
able  tomatoes ;  have  had  in  a  few  cases 

30  pounds.  One  season  I  sold  my  entire 
early  crop  at  10  cents  per  pound. 

Seed  must  be  selected  if  one  wants 
progress.  In  getting  a  new  variety  I 
save  the  first  ripening  fruits  if  well  formed 
so  as  to  have  seed  of  this  kind  for  several 
years  (four  at  least).  In  this  way  there 
is  no  crossing.  I  save  seed  from  the 
fruits  bearing  the  bisexual  mark;  few 

people  know  anything  about  this.  Next 
fruiting  season  look  at  the  scar  on  the 

tomato  where  the  blossom  was,  and  see  if 
you  can  detect  a  difference.  One  thing 
more;  we  never  grow  tomatoes  on  the  same 
soil  more  than  twice.  They  exhaust  soil 

very  much.  A  fourth  crop  cannot  be  made 
a  success  on  the  same  land. 

j.  n.  HAYNES. 

Indiana. 


Second-growth  Timothy. 

Last  Fall  my  meadow  (Timothy)  made 
quite  a  second  growth,  but  not  sufficient  to 
admit  of  cutting  a  rowen  crop;  is  it  ad¬ 
visable  to  burn  over  this  growth  this 
Spring?  If  it  were  left,  would  it  not  clog 
the  mower?  b.  m.  q. 

Under  the  circumstances  it  will  be  better 
to  burn  off  this  growth  of  rowen,  other¬ 
wise  you  could  hardly  get  through  with  the 
mower.  We  would  rather  have  clipped  the 
second  growth  and  let  it  remain  on  the 
field. 


Exterminating  Thistles. 

A  Timothy  meadow  that  was  seeded  in 
the  Fall  of  1909,  at  the  time  of  sowing 
wheat,  has  several  patches  of  thistles  grow¬ 
ing  in  it  that  were  unknown  as  being  there 
before.  How  will  be  the  best  way  to  pro- 
ced  to  exterminate  them?  H.  B.  s. 

Cuyahoga  Co.,  O. 

Plowing  and  thorough  culture  with  some 
level  crop  is  best.  If  you  want  to  cut  the 
grass  you  can  use  a  spade  or  a  sharp 
spade  and  cut  the  thistles  off  below  ground 
before  they  seed  and  put  a  handful  of  salt 
in  the  place.  Keep  this  up  and  you  will  get 
them. 


The  Himalaya  Berry.— Referring  to  the 
Giant  .Himalaya  berry  recently  mentioned 
in  The  R.  N.-Y.,  I  grew  this  berry  in  west¬ 
ern  Washington,  where  it  is  both  a  success 
and  a  favorite.  We  have  also  tried  it  here 
in  western  Pennsylvania.  We  get  a  fine 
growth,  but  the  canes  have  winterkilled 
four  successive  Winters,  and  two  of  them  we 
had  the  canes  protected.  We  have  con¬ 
cluded  that  it  is  worthless  where  there  Is 
much  hard  freezing.  b.  v.  e. 

Sharon,  Pa. 


3S1 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  20. 


Not  Your  Home — but 

Is  Yours  Protected? 

Why  don’t  you  do  something  to  pro¬ 
tect  your  home?  Thousands  and 
thousands  of  homes  are  made  safe  by 

THE  DODD  SYSTEM 

kof  Lightning 
ProtecUon 


_C  ONTROt-ft 


OVrt  Dodd,  Originator  of  tht  Dodd  Syitom 
Not  one  ever  destroyed  or  injured.  And 
yet  lightning  causes  three-fourths  of 
all  the  country  fires.  The  Dodd  System 
comes  nearest  to  absolute  safety  of  any 
In  the  world.  Insurance  companies  say 
so.  Over  aooo  Mutual  Companies  have  i 
passed  resolutions  endorsing  it.  Old  1 
Line  Companies  are  giving  20  per  cent 
reduction  in  rates  on  buildings  pro¬ 
tected  with  D.-S.  Lightning  Rods. 

Be  sure  you  get  THE  DODD  SYSTEM,  the 
real  system — includes  scientific  installa¬ 
tion  as  well  as  the  standard  rod  at  the 
standard  price. 

Look  for  the  D.-S.  Trade  Mark.  Write 
for  great  lightning  book,  FREE,  to 

Dodd  &  Struthers 
437  6th  Ave.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa: 


EasjSS*'?-  j 


as- 


Ask  for  Our  Tire  Book 
Cut  Tire  Bills  in  Two 


Probably  1 00,000  motor  car  owners  now  use 
Goodyear  No-Rim-Cut  tires— 10%  oversize. 

The  control  of  this  tire  jumped  our  tire  sales 
last  year  to  $8,500,000.  And  64  leading  motor 
car  makers  have  contracted  for  these  tires  this 


year.  They  now  outsell  our  clincher  tires  al¬ 
most  six  to  one. 

If  you  are  a  tire  user  you  should  know  these 
tires.  They  cut  tire  bills  in  two.  Ask  us  to 
mail  our  Tire  Book. 


Goodyear  No-Rim-Cut  Tire 


The  No-Rim-Cut  tire — like  the  clincher 
tire— fits  any  standard  rim  for  quick-de¬ 
tachable  tires.  Also  demountable  rims. 
In  changing  from  clinchers,  you  simply 
slip  each  removable  rim  flange  to  the  other 
side.  Then  the  tire  comes  against  a 
rounded  edge,  as  shown  in  the  picture 
above. 

We  have  run  these  tires  fiat  in  a  hun¬ 
dred  tests — as  far  as  20  miles — without  a 
single  instance  of  rim  cutting. 


is  what  ruins  a  tire  beyond  repair  if  you 
run  it  not  fully  inflated. 

More  damage  is  done  by  rim  cutting 
than  any  other  single  cause.  To  avoid  it 
means  an  average  saving  of  25  per  cent 
on  tires.  We  do  avoid  it  utterly  in  Good¬ 
year  No-Rim-Cut  tires. 

The  Secret 

The  reason  lies  in  126  braided  piano 
wires  which  we  vulcanize  into  our  tire 
base.  That  makes  the  tire  base  un- 
stretchable.  Nothing  can  force  it  off  of 
the  rim  until  you  unlock  and  remove  the 
rim  flange. 

When  the  tire  is  inflated  these  braided 
wires  contract.  The  tire  is  then  held  to 
the  rim  by  a  pressure  of  134  pounds  to  the 
inch. 

That’s  why  No-Rim-Cut  tires  are  not 
hooked  to  the  rim.  That’s  why  the  rim 
flanges  can  be  turned  outward.  Not  even 
tire  bolts  are  needed. 

We  control  this  feature  by  patent.  All 
other  methods  for  making  an  unstretch- 
able  tire  base  have  been  found  deficient. 
Single  wires  or  twisted  wires  won’t  do. 
The  braided  wires  which  contract  under 
air  pressure  are  essential  to  a  safe  hook¬ 
less  tire. 


When  the  rim  flanges  curve  outward, 
the  extra  flare  lets  us  make  these  tires  10 
per  cent  oversize.  And  we  do  it  without 
any  extra  charge. 

This  adds  10  per  cent  to  the  carrying 
capacity— 10  per  cent  to  the  air  cushion. 
It  takes  care  of  the  extras — the  top,  glass 
front,  gas  tank,  extra  tire,  etc.  It  avoids 
the  overloading  which  is  almost  univer¬ 
sal  without  the  oversize  tire. 

This  10  per  cent  oversize,  with  the  aver¬ 
age  car,  adds  25  per  cent  to  the  tire  mile¬ 
age.  These  two  features  together — No- 
Rim-Cut  and  oversize— are  saving  thou¬ 
sands  of  motorists  about  half  on  their  tire 
bills.  Nothing  else  invented  in  late  years 
saves  so  much  on  upkeep. 

Yet  these  patented  tires — which  used 
to  cost  one-fifth  extra — now  cost  the  same 
as  other  standard  tires. 


Ordinary  Clincher  Tire 


With  tne  ordinary  tire— the  clincher  tire 
— these  removable  rim  flanges  must  be 
set  to  curve  inward— to  grasp  hold  of  the 
hooked  tire  base.  That  is  how  the  tire  is 
held  on. 

The  picture  shows  how  the  thin  edge 
of  the  flange  then  digs  into  the  tire. 
That  is  the  cause  of  rim  cutting.  That 


Our  Tire  Book  explains  things  fully. 
It  tells  all  we  have  learned  about  mak¬ 
ing  tires  in  12  years  spent  in  tire  mak¬ 
ing.  It  tells  how  you  can  reduce  your 
tire  bills  to  a  trifling  sum. 

It  is  time  that  every  motorist  knew 
these  facts.  Please  write  us  to  mail 
the  book. 


THE  GOODYEAR  TIRE  &  RUBBER  COMPANY  Fifty-Ninth  St.  AKRON,  OHIO 

Branches  and  Agencies  in  All  the  Principal  Cities  We  Make  All  Sorts  of  Rubber  Tires 


JmL 


362 


THE  KURAL  N E W -  YORKER 


March  18, 


Rent  for  Land. 

K.  Budd  Luke,  N.  J. — What  would  be 
a  fair  rent  for  two  acres  of  ground  on  the 
following  conditions :  Present  condition  of 
the  ground,  newly  plowed  last  Spring  and 
planted  to  corn ;  level  and  not  stony.  Use 
to  which  It  will  be  put,  to  be  properly  fer¬ 
tilized  and  planted  to  potatoes. 

Ans. — Our  rule  would  be  to  consider 
the  field  like  so  much  money  and  charge 
interest  on  its  value.  There  should  he 
a  larger  interest  charged  for  the  use  of 
land  than  for  money.  In  our  country 
land  is  worth  about  $100  per  acre  and 
we  should  expect  at  least  eight  per  cent 
for  the  use  of  i„t  one  season. 

Origin  of  the  Apple. 

A.  E.  T.,  Cumberland  Center,  Me, — Will 
you  Inform  me  whether  all  apples  originated 
in  the  crab  apple,  also  when  crab  apple 
was  discovered? 

Ans. — The  apple  has  come  from  two 
original  varieties.  All  our  common 
apples  are  modifications  of  Pyrus  Malus, 
a  low  round-headed  tree  with  fuzzy 
leaves  and  woolly-stemmed  flowers.  It 
is  a  native  of  southwestern  Asia  and 
Europe,  and  has  been  cultivated  so  long 
that  we  know  nothing  of  its  earliest  use. 
Among  the  things  found  in  the  pre¬ 
historic  lake  dwellings  of  Switzerland 
are  charred  remains  of  apples.  The 
crab-apples  are  derived  from  Pyrus 
baccata,  the  Siberian  crab,  which  was 
introduced  into  England  in  1784.  Hy¬ 
brids  between  P.  baccata  and  P.  Malus 
have  resulted  in  the  large-fruited  crabs, 
such  as  Transcendent  and  Hyslop,  this 
family  being  known  to  botanists  as 
Pyrus  prunifolia.  There  is  a  crab-apple 
of  the  western  or  prairie  States,  P. 
Ioensis,  which,  while  of  little  edible 
value,  has  produced  some  very  hardy 
hybrids  with  P.  Malus,  of  which  the 
Soulard  crab  is  the  best  example.  An 
eastern  American  crab  apple,  P.  cor- 
onaria,  is  of  little  value,  and  has  not 
yet  proved  useful  in  hybridizing.  Peo¬ 
ple  often  refer  to  sour  and  gnarly  seed¬ 
lings  of  Pyrus  Malus,  growing  wild  in 
some  sterile  place,  as  crab-apples,  but 
this  is  botanically  inaccurate. 

The  Use  of  Tankage. 

Reader,  Eau  Claire,  TFis. — I  can  get 
tankage  from  a  so-called  rendery,  where 
bones  and  other  butcher-shop  refuse  are 
steamed  out  for  the  grease  in  them,  at  $8 
per  ton,  which  is  the  price  the  owner 
now  receives  irom  a  fertilizer  factory  in 
Chicago.  Would  this  stuff  be  worth  $8 
and  for  truck  aud  small  crops  as  well  as 
apples?  For  which  of  these  crops  would 
it  pay  best  to  use  it,  currants  and  goose¬ 
berries,  raspberries,  blackberries,  straw¬ 
berries,  cabbage,  onions,  turnips,  rutabagas, 
corn,  potatoes  and  small  grain,  as  oats, 
barley,  rye  and  millet,  and  in  how  large 
amounts  could  it  be  applied  per  acre  for  the 
various  crops  mentioned  for  best  results? 
Would  it  be  better  to  mix  it  with  barnyard 
or  hen  manure,  and  if  so,  in  what  propor¬ 
tions?  What  is  the  actual  value  of  this 
material,  as  compared  with  other  standard 
fertilizers  and  barnyard  manure?  Would 
it  be  best  to  plow  it  under  or  apply  as  a 
top-dressing?  Would  it  be  all  right  to  use 
it  lust  as  It  comes  from  the  rendering  vat, 
or  would  it  be  better  ground  or  crushed 
fine?  In  case  it  would  be  better,  for  the 
sake  of  making  it  a  more  balanced  or  com¬ 
plete  fertilizer,  to  mix  other  fertilizing 
agents  with  it,  what  kind  should  be  used  for 
best  results  on  various  crops  mentioned? 

Ans. — Such  tankage  is  cheap  at  $8. 
Get  all  you  need  of  it.  It  is  better 
crushed  or  ground  fine.  This  tankage — 
in  fact  all  animal  fertilizers — contains 
nitrogen  and  phosphoric  acid,  but  does 
not  contain  potash.  That  must  always 
be  considered  in  using  bone,  tankage  or 
dried  blood.  It  will  not  supply  what  is 
lacking  to  mix  the  tankage  with  manure, 
for  that  is  strongest  in  nitrogen.  You 
should  add  potash  in  some  form  to  make 
a  complete  fertilizer.  If  you  can  get 
wood  ashes  use  them  broadcast,  but  do 
not  mix  with  the  tankage.  These  ashes 
contain  lime  and  this  should  not  be 
mixed  with  any  animal  fertilizer  except 
bone.  The  best  plan  would  be  to  use 
muriate  or  sulphate  of  potash  one  part 
to  three  parts  of  the  tankage.  This  will 
make  a  good  combination  for  any  of  the 
crops  you  mention. 


Transplanting  Privet  Hedge. 

A.  R.  B.,  Lower  Providence,  Pa. — I  have 
a  well-grown  California  privet  hedge  (six 
years  old)  which  I  must  remove.  Can  I 
replant  it?  How  should  it  be  done? 

Ans. — A.  R.  B.  can  transplant  privet 
of  any  size  or  age.  Dig  the  plants  so  as 
to  leave  as  many  of  the  roots  as  possible 
on  them  and  cut  tops  back  to  six  inches, 
if  a  low  thick  hedge  is  desired.  If  the 
hedge  is  to  be  used  for  a  screen  and 
height  only  is  to  be  considered,  then 
all  the  tops  can  be  left  on  when  trans¬ 
planting.  The  privet  being  one  of  the 
easiest  hardy  shrubs  in  cultivation  to 
transplant,  it  is  no  uncommon  thing  for 
nurserymen  to  sell  and  plant  out  large 
privet  plants  in  the  Summer  when  plants 
are  in  full  leaf,  and  by  watering  them 
for  a  few  days  they  live  and  grow. 
A.  R.  B.  should  dig  a  trench  at  least 
24  to  30  inches  wide  and  two  feet  deep, 
then  put  back  in  bottom  of  trench  six 
inches  of  good  rich  top  soil.  When 
planting  fill  in  with  top  soil  and  pack 
the  soil  tight  around  the  roots,  either  by 
treading  it  in  with  the  feet  or  with  a 
post  pounder.  Plant  early  in  Spring,  and 
either  mulch  heavy  with  coarse  manure 
or  keep  the  ground  stirred  and  pulver¬ 
ized  with  hoe  or  rake  to  conserve  mois¬ 
ture.  Some  hen  manure,  bone  or  nitrate 
of  soda  raked  or  hoed  in  after  trench  is 
filled  will  help  the  plants  grow  through 
the  Summer.  e.  s.  black. 


HOW  HE  KILLS  QUACK  GRASS. 

I  frequently  see  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  ques¬ 
tions  asked  about  cleaning  land  of  “couch 
or  quack  grass.”  As  that  is  an  easy  propo¬ 
sition,  I  will  give  my  experience  of  over 
30  years,  which  I  trust  may  lighten  some 
one’s  burden.  When  I  was  a  boy  on  my 
father’s  farm,  our  root  land  each  Spring 
would  have  to  be  cleaned  of  couch  before 
planting.  The  process  was  as  follows : 
Plowing,  harrowing,  and  raking,  repeatedly, 
with  the  carting  off  the  roots  to  some 
place  to  be  used  perhaps  during  Summer 
to  put  under  pigs  to  augment  the  manure 
pile,  which  really  meant  a  lot  of  unnec¬ 
essary  work.  When  starting  farming  on 
my  own  account  I  followed  the  same  plan 
for  a  time,  but  one  Fall,  having  discov¬ 
ered  that  my  oat  field  (I  usually  follow 
oats  by  roots)  was  particularly  infested 
with  couch,  I  decided  after  plowing,  the 
weather  being  favorable,  fo  use  the  culti¬ 
vator  on  it,  and  I  did  so,  running  it  in 
different  directions  and  thoroughly  pulver¬ 
izing  the  land,  leaving  most  of  the  roots  on 
the  surface.  I  merely  did  this  to  forward 
the  gathering  of  them  in  the  Spring.  The 
field  being  somewhat  flat,  and  the  Spring 
proving  wet,  I  got  tired  waiting  for  a  suit¬ 
able  condition  of  the  land  for  the  removal 
of  the  roots,  and  decided  to  plant  the  po¬ 
tatoes  without  any  further  work.  I  did 
so  with  much  fear  and  trembling  of  the 
weeding  to  come,  but  to  my  surprise, 
scarcely  a  root  grew,  and  the  crop  with  the 
exception  of  a  few  places  where  the  roots 
were  not  sufficiently  separated  from  the  soil, 
were  perfectly  clean.  From  that  day  to 
the  present  couch  has  no  terrors  for  me.  I 
have  cleaned  three  farms  and  never  knew 
a  failure  when  the  work  is  thoroughly  and 
properly  done.  The  process  is  to  plow 
your  land  early  enough  in  the  Fall  to  have 
dry  weather  for  cultivation.  Use  a  three- 
horse  cultivator  and  if  very  full  of  roots, 
go  lightly  at  first  to  avoid  choking,  gradu¬ 
ally  going  deeper  until  you  are  the  depth 
of  the  plow,  thoroughly  pulverizing  it; 
don’t  harrow  it,  leave  it  rough  and  Jack 
Frost  will  finish  the  job,  and  do  it  to  your 
liking.  G.  A.  'MUTCH. 

Prince  Edward  Island. 


THE  APPLE  BUSINESS 

Is  a  sure  thing — if  you  have  the  right  kind  of 
a  tree.  People  may  plant  too  many  oranges 
but  the  good  old  apple  is  a  sure  thing.  The 
time  to  get  in  with  that  hillside  is  right  now 
— this  Spring. 

There  is  some  discussion  about  the  best 
aged  tree  to  plant.  Some  want  big  trees  and 
some  little  whips.  We  have  them  all! 

The  size  is  a  matter  of  opinion  but  every¬ 
body  agrees  that  the  health  and  life  of  tne 
tree  is  more  important.  We  put  life  and 
health  in  our  trees — or  they  do  it  themselves. 

They  grow  in  strong  ground  with  no 
check  from  start  to  finish  and  with  a  long 
fall  season  to  harden  and  ripen  their  woods. 

They  are  sound,  free  from  disease  and 
ready  to  grow.  Every  variety  you  want 
and  every  tree  right. 

The  Catalog  tells  all  about  it. 

HARRISON’S  NURSERIES,  Box  15,  BERLIN,  MD. 


FRUIT  TREES  AND  PLANTS  JS  ZZ* 

/ipples  ...  $15.00  per  lOO 
Peaches  ...  $8.00  per  lOO 

Cherries  ...  $10.00  per  lOO 

Strictly  First-Class  Stock,  Government  In¬ 
spected.  Write  today  for  our  free  catalogue 
on  Fruits  and  Ornamentals,  and  buy  direct 
from  the  growers.  Our  trees  are  grown  in  that 
great  nursery  belt  of  Ontario  County. 

ONTARIO  NURSERY  CO.,  Inc. 

GENEVA,  N.  V.  Box  No.  2i 


TESTED  AND  PROVEN 


SEEDS 


f  PHILADELPHIA.  PA. 
Stand  lor  Purity  and  Quality.  The  result 

of  38  years’  experience  in  testing,  and 
proving  the  best.  Our  GARDEN  AND  FARM 
MANUAL  for  1911  tells  all  about  them. 

Mailed  tree  to  Seed  buyers  who  write  for  it. 

JOHNSON  SEED  COMPANY, 

217  Market  St„  Philadelphia.  Pa. 


RAPEVINE 


Large  stock.  Best  varieties.  Best  Grade. 
Guaranteed  true. 

w  SPECIAL  OFFER. 

We  will  send,  postpaid,  10  strong,  hardy,  two- 
year-old  GRAPEVINES  —  best  varieties,  red, 
white  and  black  — for  $1.00.  Just  the  kind 
ior  planting  around  the  house,  along  fences,  or 
in  the  garden.  W e  also  offer  FIv©  Thro©- Year- 
Old  vinos  For  SI.OO.  Will  bear  year  after 
^planting.  Our  valuable  book, how  to  plant 
L  and  prune,  free  with  every  order.  Mention  J 
^this  paper  and  we'll  add  free  one  new, 
large,  red  currant. 

T.  S.  HUBBARD  COMPANY 

Grapevine  Specialists 

Central  A  v«.,Fredonla,N.Y. 

Established  44  years. 


SS  GRAPEVINES 

69  Varieties.  Also  Small  Fruits,  Trees,  etc.  Best  Root¬ 
ed  Stock,  Genuine,  cheap,  2  .ample  vines  mailed  for  10c.  Desc. 
price-list  free.  LBWIS  ROE9CM  *  SON.  Bos  K ,  Fredoala,  N,  V. 


IMPORTANT 


to  CABBAGE 
GROWERS 

To  prove 

That  our  FROST-PROOF  CABBAGE 
PLANTS  can  be  set  tn  the  open  field  a 
month  to  six  weeks  earlier  than  plants  of 
your  own  growing. 

That  they  will  stand  frost  and  freezing  without 
injury,  and  mature  you  a  crop  of  headed 
cabbage  at  least  two  to  three  weeks  earlier 
than  plants  of  your  own  raising, 

We  will  send  you 

by  mail  one  hundred  of  these  plants  for 
twenty-fivfe  cents,  agreeing  to  refund  the 
amount  if  results  are  not  as  stated  above ;  pro¬ 
viding  this  notice  with  the  name  of  the  paper 
in  which  it  appears  is  sent  with  the  order. 

WILLIAM  C.  GERATY  CO. 

The  Cabbage  Plant  Men 
Young’s  Island,  S.  C. 


NEW  SEED  OATS.  Bigmoney 
in  right  kind  ot  oats.  Here's 
your  chance.  I  inported  Canadian 
seed  oats,  raised  on  Galloway 
Brothers'  big  iarm  in  Canada. 
New,  clean  land.  Regenerated 
Swedish  Select  went  116  bushels 
to  acre;  Early  New  Market  110  bushels  to  acre.  Farmers  who 
bought  this  seed  from  us  last  year  raised  as  high  as  75  to  100 
bushels  in  this  country,  and  found  out  their  old  seed  was  inbred 
and  run  out.  Change  your  seed.  Try  some  of  this  new  seed. 
Send  for  free  sample,  or  10  cents  for  large  packet.  Will  also  send 
our  free  booklet,  entitled  “Big  Money  in  Oats  and  How  to  Grow 
Them."  Galloway  Bros. -Bowman  Company 
662  Galloway  Station  Waterloo,  Iowa 


at  Ono- Ha  If  City  r\vv  '  ^ 

Seodcrren’s  Prices  IVv^^Ib 

Cabbage  Seed  —  Sure  to 
up  even  and  hard.  We  supply  the  ‘ 

largest  growers  in  the  United  States. 
k  Cauliflower  Seed— Danish  grown^^ 

M  from  selected  heads,  tsoo  for  better 
truer  seed.  Lowest.prlces. 

Onion  Seed  —  Highest  grade,  clean 
nid  true.  Any  quantity. 

Cucumber  Seed — New  York  grown, 
^^Whlte  as  chalk— no  better  pedigreed  M 
^^nstock  at  twice  its  price.  T 

BjK&iV  Pea*  and  Beans  —  Hand  picked,* 

SUJMfcV  ^^^cleaned  and  graded. 

’  Sweet  Com— Eastern  grown. 

^^^F0*RUT  SEED  CO. 

iaadfr  CORTLAND,  N.T.  A 


- ONION  SEED - 

We  are  headquarters  for  a  full  line  of  Ktras- 
burg.  Flat  Danvers  and  Yellow  Globe  Onion 
Seed.  Try  them  for  No.  1  stock.  Get  prices. 
■  THEILMANN  SEED  CO.,  ERIE,  PA. - 


©ECIIC  Clovers;  Medium  Red,  Mammoth, 
OCClf  O  Alsike,  Alfalfa;  Timothy,  Blue  Grass. 
Red  Top,  Soy  Beans,  Cow  Peas,  Oats,  Corn,  etc. 
Send  for  prices  and  samples. 

ZACK  DAVIS  CO.,  Dclnwurc  Ohio 


Clover  Seed,  Seed  Corn,  Seed  Oats,  Ted” 

Highest  quality.  Why  not  buy  these  direct?  Cata¬ 
log  of  all  kinds  of  farm  seeds  mailed  free  on  re¬ 
quest.  MACE  &  MANSFIELD,  Greenville,  Ohio. 


FOTTLER,  FISKE,  RAWSON  Co. 

OUR  SPECIALTY 

erme  OF  THE  highest  grade 

ijHiHiLf  for  the  MARKET  GARDENER 

We  cannot  say  more  for  the  SEEDS  only  “The  Highest  Grade.’* 

Our  Garden  Manual  is  made  up  for  the  buyer  who  wants  “The  Highest 
Grade  Seeds.”  Let  us  mail  you  one  and  you  be  the  judge. 

It  is  useful  as  a  reference  even  if  you  do  not  buy.  Just  mail  us  a  postal, 
we’ll  do  the  rest. _  ~ _  t  -  ~ 

Fottler,  Fiske,  Rawson  Co.  '“oSW-rtSfiE  Boston 


NEW  ENGLAND  CORN  GROWERS  l 

The  Coe-Mortimer  Grand  Prize  of  $500 


FOR  THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  ACRE  OF 
FIELD  CORN  IS  OPEN  TO  ALL  OF  YOU 

It  makes  no  difference  whose  fertilizer  you  use,  or  how  much  per  acre. 

The  Plan  of  Competition  is  given  in  The  Rural  New-Yorker  for  March  4th. 
Read  it  and  get  ready  to  compete. 

Copy  of  plan  and  our  handsome  Memorandum  Booklet  sent  free  on  request. 
(Competition  will  close  on  or  before  November  1st,  1911.) 


THE  COE-MORTIMER  COMPANY 


Sole  Manufacturers  of  the  Celebrated 
E.  FRANK  COE  FERTILIZERS 
&  PERUVIAN  BRANDS 


24-26  Stone  Street 

New  York  City 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


a'o3 


1911. 


THE  PRUNE  IN  WESTERN  WASHINGTON 
AND  OREGON. 

Fifteen  or  20  years  ago  prune  orchards 
in  the  coast  country  of  Oregon  and 
Washington,  and  drying  houses  for  pre¬ 
paring  the  fruit  for  market,  were  as 
“plentiful  as  blackberries.”  At  the  pres¬ 
ent  time  the  majority  of  the  trees  have 
disappeared,  and  the  most  of  the  drying 
houses  are  things  of  the  past,  being  like 
the  hop  industry  in  this  respect.  At 
that  time  our  newspapers  were  full  of 
the  stories  of  the  great  wealth  that 
would  come  to  us  from  the  production 
of  that  fruit.  Since  then  has  come  ex¬ 
perience.  The  fact  remains  that  we  can 
grow  here  on  this  northwest  Pacific 
coast  the  finest  plum  (or  the  prune,  so 
called)  that  the  world  can  produce. 
However,  the  development  of  a  profitable 
market  for  them  has  as  yet  not  been 
very  encouraging.  There  are  no  local 
markets  or  demand  for  any  considerable 
quantities  of  the  fruit,  and  our  plums 
do  not  ship  east  as  well  as  the  fruit 


Experience  with  Cherry  Tree. 

J.  H.  E.,  Perryman ,  Md. — It  may  be  an 
old  story,  but  my  experience  was  so  strik¬ 
ing  that  it  will  bear  repeating.  Last 
Spring,  with  other  trees  I  got  a  Black  Tar¬ 
tarian  cherry.  Shortly  after  planting  it  put 
out  a  few  leaves,  but  did  not  grow  over 
one-third  normal  size,  and  in  the  early 
part  of  June  these  leaves  began  to  turn 
black.  June  20  I  put  a  V-shaped  trough 
on  the  south  side  of  this  tree.  Iu  one  week 
new  growth  started  and  in  a  short  time  six 
inches  of  new  wood  with  large  healthy 
leaves  crowned  the  tree.  Can  you  account 
for  this? 

Ans. — The  cherry  is  a  tree  that  wants 
a  mild  and  yet  not  a  hot  climatic  condi¬ 
tion.  It  is  my  belief  that  the  very  hot 
sunshine  on  the  newly-set  tree  was  caus¬ 
ing  evaporation  of  the  sap  through  its 
pores  in  leaf  and  stem  faster  than  the 
roots  could  supply  it,  hence  the  failure 
to  grow  off  well  and  the  partial  dying 
of  the  leaves.  The  board  protection 
checked  the  evaporation  and  enabled  the 
tree  to  resume  and  maintain  normal 
conditions  of  sap  circulation ;  that  is, 
absorption  and  exhalation  of  internal 
moistures.  The  growth  then  increased 
and  both  root  and  top  became  healthy 
and  vigorous.  h.  e.  van  deman. 


grown  in  the  drier  climate  of  eastern 
Washington  or  Oregon.  The  prune 
grown  here  is  the  Fellenberg  plum,  and 
called  the  Italian  prune.  That  grown  in 
California  is  the  smaller  French  or 
Petite  prune,  a  sweetish  and  insipid  fruit 
compared  with  the  former,  but  it  is  more 
easily  handled  and  is  there  cheaply  dried 
in  the  open  air,  spread  upon  trays.  Here 
all  drying  must  be  done  in  houses  with 
artificial  heat,  and  is  a  somewhat  long 
and  tedious  process  because  of  the  large 
size  and  juiciness  of  our  prunes. 

The  prune  is  dried  in  pretty  much  the 
same  manner  as  other  fruit,  spread  upon 
trays  of  open-work  wire  cloth.  Instead 
of  wire  cloth  sometimes  wood  slat  bot¬ 
toms  are  used.  These  trays  are  placed, 
one  above  another,  on  the  second  floor 
of  the  dry  house,  the  heated  air  from 
furnace  room  below  passing  upward  and 
through  the  fruit.  Our  prunes  weighing 
eight  or  10  to  the  pound  are  slow  in  dry¬ 
ing,  and  lose  three-fourths  of  their 
weight  in  the  process.  In  commercial 
work  the  prunes  are  first  dipped  in  a 
boiling  lye  solution.  A  couple  of  cans 
of  lye  to  40  gallons  of  water  is  about 
right.  They  are  then  redipped  in  a  vat 
of  clear  water  to  rinse  them.  This 
cleans  the  fruit  from  all  mold  or  other 
germs,  and  also  thins  the  skin  to  facili¬ 
tate  the  drying  process.  The  fruit 
should  be  of  a  leathery  texture  when 
taken  from  the  trays,  but  without  any 
juice  showing  in  the  flesh  when  opened. 
Experience  soon  guides  in  this.  As  taken 
from  the  trays  the  fruit  is  placed  in  a 
pile  or  heap  on  a  floor  or  bin  to  undergo 
the  curing  or  sweating  process,  which  in 
a  few  days  will  occur.  The  pile  should 
be  shovelled  over  several  times,  eight  or 
10  days  apart,  when  the  fruit  will  assume 
an  even  texture  as  found  in  market. 
Hardly  two  drying  houses  common  in 
Washington  and  Oregon  are  alike.  Many 
are  patented,  the  object  aimed  at  being 
to  facilitate  the  work  and  to  save  labor. 
We  have  seen  the  fruit  dried  simply 
spread  upon  a  slat  floor  over  a  furnace 
room,  as  was  common  in  New  York 
State  for  the  evaporation  of  the  apple 
product,  and  the  fruit  shoveled  over  sev¬ 
eral  times  to  facilitate  drying.  The 
main  essentials  in  these  establishments 
are  a  draft  or  movement  of  the  heated 
air  through  the  fruit  above.  This  means 
a  tall  air  shaft  on  building,  or  better,  a 
forced  draft  by  engine  and  blower.  And 
the  fruit  should  not  be  less  than  eight 
or  lo  feet  above  the  top  of  furnace,  as 
with  a  temperature  of  175  or  200  degrees 
in  furnace  room  much  of  the  juice  will 
run  out  of  the  fruit  unless  with  a  very 
strong  draft.  The  fruit  must  be  dead 
ripe  and  ready  to  fall  from  the  tree. 
And  here  is  where  we  “fell  down”  with 
the  drying  business.  Half  of  the  crop 
was  on  the  ground  and  spoiled  before 
we  could  handle  the  other  half.  In  the 
drier  climate  of  eastern  Washington 
they  are  more  easily  taken  care  of.  Here 
they  grow  larger  and  are  not  so  dry- 
fleshed,  and  we  now  find  it  better  to  dis¬ 
pose  of  our  prunes  in  a  half  ripened 
condition  to  a  jelly  factory  or  canning 
plant.  Small  lots  of  plums  or  prunes 
for  home  use  can  be  nicely  evaporated 
on  a  cookstove  drier.  The  fruit  should 
be  cut  into  halves  and  placed  on  the 
trays  with  cut  side  up.  The  Peach  plum 
thus  dried  is  a  very  choice  product.  And 
some  day  our  prunes  of  tiiis  northwest 
Pacific  coast  will  be  counted  as  the  high¬ 
est  product  for  excellence  of  any  of  the 
whole  list  of  the  dried  fruits,  j.  f.  c. 

Mt.  Vernon,  Wash. 


Keeping  Turnip-rooted  Parsley. 

I  grew  an  acre  of  turn  ip-  rooted  Ham¬ 
burg  parsley  aud  have  a  small  greenhouse 
beated  by  dues,  40  by  40.  I  have  trans¬ 
planted  the  parsley  in  this  house  on  top 
and  beneath  the  benches.  It  got  a  good 
start  and  grew  for  about  two  weeks,  then 
the  roots  began  to  get  a  gray  mold,  and 
this  destroyed  about  half  of  the  crop. 
The  same  mold  went  over  the  whole  green¬ 
house,  destroying  both  plants  and  cuttings 
in  sand  beds.  How  can  I  keep  this  mold 
from  my  plants?  A  gray  root  begins  on 
the  crown  of  the  roots,  makes  a  bad  odor 
through  the  whole  house.  Can  parsley 
(turnip- rooted)  be  kept  over  Winter  by 
storing  it  away  in  some  cool  place  instead 
of  planting  in  greenhouse?  a.  a.  b. 

Fairhaven,  Pa. 

Turnip-rooted  or  Hamburg  parsley,  the 
edible  portion  of  which  is  the  fleshy  roots, 
somewhat  resembles  small  parsnip.  These 
roots  do  not  force  well  or  grow  under  ex¬ 
treme  heat.  To  keep  them  during  Winter 
they  may  be  trenched  or  kept  in  a  cool 
cellar,  the  same  as  celery  or  oyster  plants. 
If  kept  in  the  open  ground,  select  dry  soil, 
dig  a  narrow  trench  the  width  of  a  spade 
of  a  suitable  depth  for  the  roots,  so  the 
crown  will  be  about  even  with  the  surface. 
Pack  the  roots  tightly  in  an  upright  posi¬ 
tion.  then  cover  with  boards  nailed  V- 
shape  so  as  to  shed  all  water,  as  the 
crown  of  the  roots  must  be  kept  dry.  On 
the  approach  of  cold  weather  and  when 
the  ground  freezes,  cover  the  trench  and 
board  together  with  long  horse  manure  to 
exclude  frost.  t.  M.  white. 


Equip  Your  Garden  Right 

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Why  you  can 
trust  this  car 


Runabout,  8750 


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GUARANTEED  FOR  LIFE 


Again  and  again  in  our  daily  corres¬ 
pondence  occurs  this  sentence : 

“An  owner  recommends  your  car  to  me.” 

In  former  issues  of  this  paper  we  have  told 
you  in  more  detail  about  the  advantages 

of  the  Hupmobile. 

But  no  argument  can  be  as  convincing  as 
those  you  will  hear  from  Hupmobile  owners. 
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in  up-keep. 

THE  GUARANTEE 

This  guarantee  is  explicit,  unqualified  and 
binding.  It  covers  the  entire  life  of  the  car, 
no  matter  how  many  different  people  may 
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of  the  car,  the  Hupp  Motor  Car  Company 
guarantees  the  car,  in  all  its  parts,  and  the 
accessories  and  equipment,  against  defect  of 
material  or  workmanship.  The  guarantee 
reads: 

The  Hupp  Motor  Car  Company  guarantees 
the  Hupmobile  from  defects  in  material  or 
workmanship,  during  the  life  of  the  car,  and 
will  replace,  free  of  charge,  any  such  defec¬ 
tive  material  when  returned  to  its  factory 
for  inspection,  transportation  prepaid.  This 
guarantee  does  not  cover  tires,  which  are 
guaranteed  by  their  makers- 


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With  a  Roof  of  Slate 

Have  a  roof  of  solid  rock — a  roof  that 
sun,  fire,  water,  lightning  or  the  action  of 
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For  the  roof  of  your  home,  barn  or  out¬ 
buildings,  Sea  Green  and  Purple  Slate  may 
cost  a  trifle  more  in  the  beginning;  than  shingles, 
iron,  feit  or  patent  roofings— but  it  will  save  you 
both  money  and  anxiety  from  the  day  it  is  laid 
and  will  last  forever. 

Sea  Green  and  Purple 

Roofing  Slate 

will  improve  the  appearance  of  your  prop¬ 
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neighbors— and  is  the  only  roofing  to  use  where 
drinking  water  is  collected  off  the  roof,  because  of 
all  roofing,  it  will  not  absorb  the  carbonic  or  other 
poisonous  gases  of  the  atmosphere.  Protect  your 
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Bond  for  Free  Booklet  “ Roofs’ ' 
containing  many  practical  and  helpful  hints 
on  selecting  a  new  roofing.  Your  copy  will  come 
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and  give  name  of  your  roofer. 

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( Roofs  That  Never  Wear  Out ) 


SAVES 

WHEELBARROW  II  labor 

SEEDER  II  V  \\/  and 

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to  wait  for  quiet  day. 

Sows  Timothy,  Clover,  Alsike,  Alfalfa,  Millet,  Turnip,  etc. 
Two  sizes:  14  ft.  and  16  ft.  Auger  feed.  Wood  frame.  Satis¬ 
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gi  .  _ 

does  not  handle  the  “STAK”  write  us  for  booklet. 


STAR 


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Use  a  HERCULES 

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Send  for  literature,  dealer’s  address,  and  com¬ 
plete  information. 

Hupp  Motor  Car  Co„ 

Desk  57  Detroit,  Mich. 


BETTER  SAFE  THAN  SORRY 

Potatoes,  tomntoes,  cacumbere,  cantaloupe, 
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J  Hitch  on  to  any  stump 
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HERCULES  MANUFACTURING  CO. 


130  17th  Street,  Centerville,  Iowa 


Choice  Virginia  Farms  t”8  C.  &  O.  R’y 

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u 


The  Le  Roy  Turns  the  Earth.” 

The  Le  Roy  Plow  Co.,  Le  Roy,  N.  Y.,  have  built  up  a 
wonderful  reputation  on  a  wonderful  Walking 
Plow.  Now  to  meet  the  almost  universal  demand  for 
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special  plow  experts  overtime  and  the  Result  is 
the  most  perfect,  practical.  Riding  Plow 
offered  to  the  practical  farmer.  Easy  and  con¬ 
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Ing  Seat.  All  Steel  Frame  (others 
are  cast  iron)  Patent  Square  Steel  Jointer 
mmm  Standards — Chilled  Iron  or  Steel  Bot- 
toms,  best  of  all  Easy  Dralt  and  Easy 
£  to  Operate,  the  same  as  the  big  line  of 

Le  Roy  Walking  Plows.  Ask  for  our 
1911  catalogue. 

You  usually  can  find  them  with  your 
best  dealers. 

LE  ROY  PLOW  CO,  Le  Roy,  N.  Y. _ 


oo<* 


SL'HhC  RURAIv  NEW-YORKER 


maren  18, 


AN  APPLE  ORCHARD  IN  SOUTH 
INDIANA. 

C.  N.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. — I  have  an  orchard 
of  about  four  acres  set  in  apples  (just 
coming  into  bearing)  on  “rolling”  land.  It 
was  plowed  and  in  sweet  corn  for  the 
most  part  in  1007.  Since  then  it  has  been 
in  weeds,  sod,  etc.  The  ground  is  threaded 
with  persimmon  roots  in  places,  and  there 
are  a  great  many  dewberry  and  blackberry 
brambles,  the  place  having  been  wholly 
neglected  the  seasons  of  1908  and  1909. 
The  soil  is  a  clay  with  a  good  deal  of 
broken  limestone  and  some  small  bowlders 
of  a  quartz-like  character.  What  can  1  put 
that  ground  in  next  Spring  or  Summer  that 
will  return  me  a  direct  profit  as  well  as 
benefiting  the  orchard  indirectly?  The 
ground  is  too  steep  and  irregular  in  its 
contour  to  allow  annual  plowing.  The 
ultimate  idea  of  the  farm  is  to  keep  cows 
for  butter,  and  poultry  for  eggs.  I  do  not 
know  that  this  has  any  particular  bearing 
on  the  case,  but  I  state  it  lest  it  may. 
This  farm  is  situated  in  southern  Indiana, 
about  700  feet  above  sea  level  and  in  ex¬ 
actly  the  same  latitude  as  Louisville,  Ky. 
Everything  grows  here  that  grows  in  the 
North  and  some  things  besides,  both  in 
vegetables  and  forage  crops. 

Ans. — The  planting  of  cultivated  crops 
in  a  young  orchard,  while  the  trees  are 
growing  to  the  age  of  fruit  bearing,  is 
entirely  permissible,  provided  the  land 
be  fertile  to  begin  with,  and  that  the 
fertility  removed  and  the  humus  worn 
out  in  the  production  of  such  crops  be 
fully  repaid  to  the  soil.  Where  it  is 
necessary  to  plant  an  orchard  on  land 
low  or  moderate  in  fertility  the  effort 
of  the  planter,  from  the  very  outset, 
should  be  to  build  up  in  that  soil,  as 
rapidly  as  possible,  the  store  of  plant 
food  that  will  be  needed  in  abundance 
to  supply  the  trees  when  they  attain 
the  age  of  fruit  bearing.  To  insure  an 
extended  period  of  fruit  bearing,  trees 
must  be  well  nourished.  An  orchard 
will  produce  for  a  time  on  poor  land, 
though  the  crops  cannot  be  counted 
upon  to  be  either  regular  or  heavy;  but 
under  modern  orchard  management 
where  thorough  spraying  is  given  es¬ 
pecial  attention,  resulting  in  a  degree  of 
prolificacy  rarely  found  in  uncared  for 
orchards,  the  trees  must  be  liberally  fed 
else  a  few  seasons  will  bring  loss  of 
vigor,  and  perhaps  death. 

Presuming  that,  in  a  general  way,  soil 
and  climatic  conditions  are  similar  in 
southern  Indiana  to  those  of  southern 
Ohio  where  our  experiment  station  is 
making  rather  extensive  orchard  experi¬ 
ments,  I  would  suggest  that  as  the  or¬ 
chard  is  now  coming  into  bearing,  all 
crops  which  do  not,  directly  or  indi¬ 
rectly,  benefit  the  orchard  by  improving 
soil  conditions,  be  discontinued.  The 
trees  should  now  have  the  entire  area 
unless  the  crop  grown  will  perform  the 
double  and  rather  unusual  service  of 
“paying  both  Peter  and  Paul.”  Cer¬ 
tainly  there  are  few  crops  outside  of 
the  legumes — clover,  cow  peas,  Soy 
beans,  etc.,  that  are  capable  of  serving  in 
this  dual  capacity.  The  owner  should 
be  willing  to  count  as  gain  the  storing 
up  of  humus  and  fertility  in  that  steep 
hillside,  for,  with  good  care,  those  young 
trees  will  soon  return  a  profit  far  in 
advance  of  anything  in  the  way  of  grain 
or  forage  or  vegetable  products  which 
the  ground  would  be  likely  to  produce 
in  its  present  condition.  It  would  seem 
that  to  plow  the  ground  in  the  Spring, 
harrow  a  few  times,  keeping  all  weed 
growth  subdued  until  early  June,  and 
sowing  cow  peas  or  Soy  beans,  would 
be  a  good  start.  We  like  to  drill  the 
peas  in  rows  two  feet  apart  so  that  one 
or  two  cultivations  may  be  given.  A 
grain  drill  may  be  used,  allowing  but 
every  third  opening  to  distribute  the 
seed.  One-half  bushel  of  seed  per  acre, 
especially  of  the  smaller  seeded  kinds  of 
peas  and  beans,  is  sufficient. 

If  the  soil  in  the  orchard  be  fairly 
fertile  it  might  be  worth  while  to  try 
sowing  Medium  Red  clover  at  the  rate 
of  one  peck  to  the  acre,  among  the  cow 
peas  or  Soy  beans,  just  after  their  last 
cultivation  (from  the  middle  to  the  last 
of' July),  running  over  the  ground  after 
seeding  with  a  very  fine  toothed  culti¬ 
vator  and,  if  possible,  a  narrow,  one- 
horse  drag  or  float  made  of  a  short  piece 
of  heavy  plank  with  handles  attached  to 
guide  it  between  the  rows.  I  have  had 
excellent  success  in  sowing  Medium  Red 
clover  in  July,  following  the  turning 
under  of  old  bearing  beds  of  straw¬ 
berries.  If  a  catch  of  clover  be  ob¬ 
tained  it  may  be  cut  the  following  sea¬ 
son  and,  perhaps,  a  part  of  it  removed 
for  feed,  provided  an  equal  weight  or 
bulk  of  vegetable  matter  be  returned  to 
the  ground  from  which  it  was  cut.  I 
should  much  rather  cut  it  and  allow  it 
to  lie  in  the  orchard,  or  rake  it  green 
and  mulch  the  trees  by  dividing  and 
piling  it  beneath  the  ends  of  the  branches 
of  the  trees.  Allowing  the  ground  to 
remain  in  clover  the  next  season  it  may 


again  be  plowed,  sowed  to  cow  peas  or 
Soy  beans  in  the  month  of  June  and 
seeded  to  mixed  grasses  and  Alsike 
clover  the  following  Spring,  having  al¬ 
lowed  the  legume  crop  to  stand  over 
Winter.  As  the  ground  is  steep  and 
rough  I  certainly  do  not  recommend 
continued  plowing  and  cultivation. 
Mulching  will  give  just  as  good  re¬ 
sults  and  will  perfectly  conserve  the  re¬ 
sources  of  the  soil.  Straw,  swamp  hay, 
weeds,  potato  tops,  tomato  vines  or  any 
and  all  kinds  of  waste  vegetable  growths 
will  serve  for  mulching  material.  This 
material  should  be  heavily  applied  in  a 
circle  beneath  the  extremities  of  the 
branches  and  not  close  to  the  bases  of 
the  trees. 

On  a  hillside  such  as  the  inquirer 
mentions,  I  should  not  plow  the  entire 
area  of  the  ground,  but  would  plow 
across  the  slope,  leaving  strips  of  land 
as  Wide  as  the  spread  of  the  branches 
of  the  trees,  in  sod,  mulching  each  in¬ 
dividual  tree.  This  would  be  a  great 
protection  from  washing  by  heavy  rains, 
saving  many  tons  of  valuable  soil  that 
otherwise  would  be  carried  from  the 
slope.  A  couple  of  seasons’  plowing  in 
this  way,  with  a  short  season  of  culti¬ 
vation  each  time,  will  result  in  terracing 
the  surface  of  the  slope  to  some  extent, 
which  leaves  a  better  driveway  between 
each  two  rows  of  trees  for  the  passage 
of  the  spray  outfit,  and  the  wagon  when 
gathering  the  apples. 

The  desire  for  a  crop  which  will  pay 
a  profit  in  the  orchard  suggests  the  ex¬ 
perience  of  a  friend  of  mine  during  the 
past  season,  who  sowed  one  acre  of  good 
ground  to  Soy  beans  for  the  purpose  of 
further  enriching  it  for  growing  sweet 
corn.  This  acre  of  ground,  in  addition 
to  being  benefited  by  the  leguminous 
crop,  produced  23  bushels  of  Soy  beans 
of  the  Medium  Green  variety  easily 
worth  $57.50  wholesale  at  prevailing 
prices  of  the  past  year.  The  “bean  straw” 
was  still  available  for  returning  to  the 
ground  which  had  produced  it.  It  of 
course  requires  good  soil  for  this  re¬ 
turn;  but  few  soils  are  so  good  but  what 
a  greater  store  of  fertility,  or  at  least  a 
maintenance  of  fertility,  is  highly  desir¬ 
able.  I  find  this  to  be  very  true  through¬ 
out  southern  Ohio,  and  I  doubt  not  it 
would  be  found  the  same  in  southern  In¬ 
diana.  There  are  thousands  of  acres  of 
orchard  land  in  southern  Ohio  that  have 
been  rendered  the  poorest  parts  of  the 
farms  on  which  the  orchards  are  located, 
by  trying  to  grow  some  crop  that  will 
pay  a  profit  outside  of  the  income  from 
the  trees.  There  is  a  great  awakening 
at  the  present  time,  however,  to  the  fact 
•that  the  greatest  problem  which  at  pres¬ 
ent  confronts  the  southern  Ohio  or- 
chardist,  is  that  of  restoring  to  these 
same  orchard  areas  a  measure  of  the 
fertility  and  humus  which  characterized 
them  in  early  days.  Nothing  in  the 
way  of  fertilizer  can  excel  an  applica¬ 
tion  of  stable  manure,  though  stable 
manure  can  be  profitably  supplemented 
by  an  application  of  ground  bone  or 
even  acid  phosphate,  either  for  farm  or 
fruit  crops. 

After  a  season  or  two  of  cover  crops, 
preceded  by  cultivation  of  the  orchard, 
the  brambles  and  roots  mentioned  by 
the  inquirer  may  not  be  seriously 
troublesome;  but,  after  the  ground  has 
been  seeded  to  grass  and  Alsike,  the 
two  or  three  clippings  per  season,  with  a 
mower,  w'hich  is  a  part  of  the  sod-mulch 
plan  of  orchard  management,  will  prob¬ 
ably  more  effectually  keep  down  the 
wild  growth  than  cultivation  would  do. 
I  know  of  orchards  in  southeastern 
Ohio  which  have  been  reclaimed  from 
thickets  of.  locust  coppice  by  much  work 
in  grubbing  and  cleaning,  which  the  past 
season  were  kept  neat  and  sightly  by 
use  of  the  mowing  machine.  The  wild 
growth  as  clipped  was  allowed  to  lie 
where  it  fell  and  the  trees  were  heavily 
mulched  with  material  from  outside. 
Beautiful  apples  were  produced  this  first 
year  of  reclamation.  F.  h.  ballou. 


Manure,  Ashes  and  Bone. 

J.  J.  E.,  Iron  Mountain,  Mich. — I  can 
get  all  the  stable  manure  I  want,  and  I 
can  also  get  all  the  hardwood  ashes  from  a 
sawmill.  What  other  fertilizer  do  I  need? 

Ans. — The  stable  manure  will  average, 
per  ton,  10  pounds  of  nitrogen,  six  of 
phosphoric  acid  and  13  of  potash.  The 
wood  ashes  if  unleached  will  give  about 
10  pounds  potash  and  36  phosphoric 
acid  per  ton  with  600  pounds  of  lime. 
Thus  the  element  you  need  most  is  phos¬ 
phoric  acid.  If  you  can  collect  bones 
and  have  them  ground  reasonably  cheap 
you  will  have  a  balanced  ration.  In 
some  parts  of  Michigan  where  wood 
ashes  are  plenty  farmers  are  able  to  buy 
or  collect  large  quantities  of  bones.  They 
can  be  steamed  under  high  pressure  and 
then  ground.  Used  with  the  wood  ashes 
they  will  fertilize  clover,  Alfalfa  and 
grain  and  make  a  good  fertilizer.  Ground 
bone  in  addition  to  the  ashes  and  rpa- 
nure,  will  provide  what  you  want. 


DIBBLE’S  SEED  OATS 

are  early  with  strong,  stiff  straw ;  heavy  grain,  weighing 
36-40  pounds  per  bushel,  and  are  enormously  productive. 
One  ot  our  own  fields  of  13  acres  produced  91)4  bushels  per 
acre  of  recleaned  grain;  another  of  17  acres,  87  bushels  per 
acre;  and  our  average  yield  for  the  past  six  years,  growing 
150-200  acres  annually,  has  been  over  tvnee  the  average  yield 
of  the  United  States  for  the  same  period— a  record  never  ap. 
Broached  by  any  other  variety. 

Levi  Simmons,  Lima,  N.  Y.,  writes:  “From  four  acres  we 
threshed  440  bushels,  threshers’  measure.” 

W.  H.  Swarts,  of  Allegany  County,  N.  Y.,  reports  “6‘S  bag* 
from  two  bushels  sowing,  weight  about  80  pounds  per  bag,” 
and  C.  A.  Boyd,  Sagerstown,  Pa.,  says:  “They  yielded  just 
ttco  bushels  where  other  oats  yielded  one  in  the  same  field.” 

Dibble’s  Seed  Oats  are  thoroughly  recleaned  by  the  best 
mills  known  to  the  trade  and  are  shipped  direct  from  our 
1,600-aere  Seed  Farms  to  you  at  the  following  low  prices :  2)4 
bu.  bag.  $2.00;  10  bu.,  $7.50  ;  100  bu.„  $65.00.  Bags  free. 

Samples  and  Catalog  containing  full  descriptions,  with 
some  two  score  testimonials,  FREE.  Address 

EDWARD  F.  DIBBLE,  Seedgrower 

Box  B  HONEOYE  FALLS,  N.  Y. 


Burpee,  Philadelphia, 

:an  Seed  Catal 

Burpee=Quality 


is  sufficient  for  the  front 
of  a  post  card.  If  you  will 
write  your  own  address 

_  _  plainly  on  the  other  side 

we  shall  be  pleased  to  send  The  Leading  American  Seed  Catalog.  An  elegant  book  of  174 
pages,  it  tells  the  plain  truth,  and  should  be  read  by 
all  who  would  have  the  best  garden  possible  and 
who  are  willing  to  pay  a  fair  price  for  seeds  of  the 


You  can’t  sow  thistles  and 
reap  figs.  If  you  plant 
Ferry  s  Seeds  you 
grow  exactly  what 
you  expect  and  in 
a  profusion 
and  perfec- 
tion  never 
excelled. 


*  $ 


Fifty 
years  of 
study  and 
experience 
make  them  re¬ 
liable.  For  sale 
everywhere.  Ferry’s 
1911  Seed  Annual 
free  on  request  1 

D.  M.  FERRY  «  CO, 
Detroit,  Mich. 


GREGORY’S  SEEDS 

90  cents  worth  for 
25  cents  in  coin 

Aster,  Gregory's  Special  Fancy  Mixture,  •  •  10c. 
Pansy,  Gregory’s  Special  Fancy  Mixture.  •  15c. 
Coreopsis,  Gregory's  Special  Fancy  Mixture,  05c. 
Poppy,  Gregory's  Faney  Ikmble  Mixed  Ananala,  10c. 
Mignonette,  Gregory's  Largo  Flowering, eery  rUh  10c 
Bachelor  Button,  Gregory's  Finest  Mixture,  lie. 
Petunia.  Gregory’s  Finest  Hybrid  Mixture,  •  15c. 
Candytuft,  Gregory's  Finest  Mixed,  •  .  .05c. 

Nasturtium,  Dwarf,  Finest  Mixed,  •  .  •  05c. 

Sweet  Peas.  Extra  Choice  Mixed.  .  .  .  .  05c. 

10  packages  sent  for  25c  in  coin • 

In  additiou  toabove,  will  send  FIVK 
of  our  regular  FIVE  CENT  PACK¬ 
AGES  of  Vegetable  seed,  our  se¬ 
lection,  with  beautiful  Catalogue,  it 
this  paper  is  mentioned  with  order. 

N.  GREGORY  8 SOW,  157  Elm  ST.,MiMiatu,  Mass ■ 


l  pkg. 

1  pkg. 
1  pkg- 
1  pkg. 
1  pkg. 
1  pkg. 
1  pkg. 
I  pkg. 
1  pkg. 
1  pkg. 


N.  WERTHEIMER  &  SON 

Choice  seeds  boughtdireet  from  the  farmer  imdsold 
direct  to  the  farmer.  We  offer  yon  the  choicest 
seeds,  doubly  recleaned,  Medium  and  Mammoth 
Clover  Seed,  Alsike,  Alfalfa.  Timothy,  Crimson. 
Clover,  White  Oiover,  Red  Top,  Orchard  (Trass, 
Blue  Grass,  Lawn  Grass,  all  kinds  of  Corn,  Spring 
and  Winter  Wheat,  Buckwheat,  all  kinds  of  Peas. 
Samples  and  prices  sent  on  application.  *  *  * 

N.  WERTHEIMER  &  SON  LIG0NIER,  INDIANA 

SEED  CORN 

WING'S  IMPROVED  WHITE  CAP  will  ont- 

yield  any  other  120-day  corn  you  can  put  beside  It. 
Improved  on  our  farms  by  ear  row  test  plots  for 
15  years.  3  acres  have  yielded  147  bu.per  acre. 

EXCELSIOR,  pure  white,  has  yielded  145  bn. 
per  acre  In  test  plot.  A  splendid  variety. 

WING’S  120-DAY  YELLOW,  FUNK’S  YEL¬ 
LOW  DENT,  and  REID’S  YELLOW  DENT.  The 
three  heaviest  yielding  yellow  varieties  in  Ohio. 

WING’S  90-DAY  YELLOW.  A  sensation  in 
very  deep  grained,  heavy  yielding,  very  early  mv 
taring  corn. 

A11  onr  corn  bred  b7  ear  row  test  plots.  Write 
today  for  catalog  and  information. 

WING  SEED  CO., Box  423  Mechanlcsburg,  O. 


CENT 

SEED 

SALE 


10,000 

Selected  -  — 


FERTILE  SEEDS  for 


16c 


1 500  Lettuce 
1  OOO  Onion 
J  OOO  Radish 
1  OO  Tomato 
1500  Turnip 


1 0OO  Celery 
100  Parsley 
1 500  Rutabaga 
1  OOO  Carrot 
100  Melon 


1200  Brilliant  Flower  Seeds,  SOsorts 
Any  one  of  these  packages  is  worth 
the  price  we -ask  for  the  whole 
10,000  kernels  to  start  with.  It  is 
merely  our  way  of  letting  you  test 
_  '  our  seed — proving  to  you  how 

mighty  good  they  are. 

Send  16  cents  in  stamps  to-day  and 
we  will  send  you  this  great  collection  of  seeds  by 
return  mail.  We'll  also  mail  you  absolutely  free 
our  great  catalog  for  1911  — all  postpaid. 

JOHN  A.  SALZER  SEED  CO., 

I  44  South  8th  Street, LaCrosso,  WIs. 


NO  TIME  TO  LOSE 

There  are  Flowers  and 
Many  Kinds  of  Plants 
That  You  Must  Attend  to 

IN  THE  SPRING 

NOW  IS  THE  SEASON 

To  learn  all  about  the  Special  Value  of 


We  are  very  enthusiastic  about  having 
you  know  how  our  seeds  have  been  care¬ 
fully  cultured  to  germinate  and  mature  in¬ 
to  plants  that  show  a  real  pedigree  source. 

We  would  like  to  make  a  catalog  of  this 
advertisement,  but  the  space  does  not  per¬ 
mit.  So  we  invite  you  to  write  us  all  about 
your  garden  needs.  We  will  cordially 
respond,  and  send  you  our  new  144  page 
illustrated  catalog  free.  We  are  introduc¬ 
ing  some  seasonable  seed  "novelties  at  a 
special  packet  price.  Eschscholtzia 
Thoubttrni  (California  Poppy)  the  grand¬ 
est  of  all  Ksehscholtzias.  We  will  mail  a 
packet  of  this  valuable  novelty  and  a  copy 
of  our  beautiful  catalogue—  the  Best  Seed 
Annual  published  in  America—  for  only  10 
cents,  stamps  or  coin.  (Regular  price  of 
seed  15  cents  packet.)  WRITE  TODAY. 

J.  M.THORBURN  &  CO. 

Dept.  Y 

33  Barclay  Street,  New  York. 


CLOVER •%  TIMOTHY  Too”* 

Chen  pest  and  Best  Seeding  Known 

Alsike,  Clover  and  Timothy  mixed.  Fully  Vi  Al¬ 
sike.  a  great  bargain.  Most  wonderful  hay  and  pas¬ 
ture  combination  that  grows.  Write  for  Free  Sam¬ 
ple  and  our  large  76-page  catalog  describing  this 
wonderful  grass  mixture.  Far  ahead  of  anything 
you  can  sow  and  ridiculously  cheap.  Be  convinced. 
4.  A.  Berry  Seed  Co.,  Boxseo  Clnrinda,  Iowa* 

“PRINCE  HENRY”  Potato.  Heavy 
yielding  variety  of  Rural  type.  Excellent  quality, 
grown  from  selected  and  Treated  seed,  choice  stock. 
2-bushel  sack  $1.40,  5  sacks  or  more  $1.30  each. 
CHAMPION  BEARDLESS  BARLEY, 
Pure  and  nice.  2  bushels  $2.75,  lU  bushels  or  more 
$1.30  per  bushel.  J.  N.  MacPHEB80N,  Pine  View 
Farm,  Seottsville,  N.  Y. 

CABBAGE  SEED 

New  Enkhuizen  Glory  (the  world’s  best  cab¬ 
bage):  extra  selected  seed,  my  own  importa¬ 
tion.  direct  from  Introducers  in  Holland,  of 
this  truly  wonderful  Cabbage,  Lb.  $2.50,  Oz., 

35  cts.,  Pkt.,  10  cts.  E.  J.  Wakefield,  All 
Head  Early.  Early  Summer,  Succession, 
Winnigstadt,  Surehead,  Late  Flat  Dutch, 
Drumhead,  Lb.  $1.60,  Oz.  20  cts.,  Pkt.  5cts. 
Postpaid.  Write  for  free  Catalog. 

J.  AUG.  DRAKE,  Seedsman  100  Main  St.  Chester  N.  J. 


00D SEEDS 

BESTINTHEWORLD 

PRICES  BELOW  ALL  OTHERS 

I  give  a  lot  of  new  sorts  for 
trial  with  every  order  I  fill. 
A  Grand  Big  Catalog  CDCC 
Illustrated  with  over  ■  nCC 
^  700  engravings  of  vegetables 
and  flowers.  Send  yours  and 
your  neighbors’  addresses. 
SHUMWAY,  Rockford,  Illinois 


30© 


wu 


T'HJS  RURAb  NEJW-VORKEK 


ORCHARD  HEATING  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Two  years  ago  a  group  of  growers 
comprising  about  60  acres,  undertook  to 
fight  frost  with  coal,  but  made  rather  a 
dismal  failure,  if  we  had  measured  the 
results  by  the  immunity  from  damage 
as  compared  with  the  noil-protected 
groves.  There  was  undoubtedly  some 
advantage,  but  not  enough  to  pay  for 
the  trouble  and  expense.  However,  a 
few  of  us  saw  that  there  was  a  cause  for 
the  failure,  and  decided  to  go  into  the 
work  again  in  the  following  year,  start¬ 
ing  in  earlier  on  preliminary  work,  so 
as  to  start  the  real  work  with  more  as¬ 
surance  of  good  results  than  before. 
The  work  finally  simmered  down  to  my 
own  individual  holdings,  and  in  the  end 
to  only  two  acres  of  that.  The  present 
season  about  300  acres  have  been  pre¬ 
pared  to  fire  principally  on  the  strength 
of  my  experience  last  year,  and  though 
we  have  not  had  such  severe  weather 
this  season  as  last,  we  had  two  nights, 
December  31  and  January  1,  which 
would  have  done  damage  if  efficient 
fighting  had  not  been  done.  So  much 
for  the  general  facts  of  the  case.  Now, 
I  will  give  you  details  from  which  you 
can  see  the  cause  of  our  failure  and  the 
reason  for  our  success. 

The  real  cause  of  the  failure  with  the 
coal  lay  in  the  insufficient  number  of 
fires  per  acre,  and  a  shortage  of  trained 
help  to  light  and  refill  the  baskets ;  con¬ 
sequently  the  fires  were  too  far  apart, 
and  only  the  trees  nearest  the  fires  were 
protected.  Then  again  the  coal  baskets 
were  almost  burned  down  in  three  hours, 
and  entirely  gone  in  four,  so  that  unless 
there  are  plenty  of  extra  baskets  ready 
(which  was  our  case),  early  lighting  will 
leave  the  trees  without  protection  in 
the  hours  just  before  sunrise,  and  late 
lighting  will  let  the  trees  and  fruit  freeze 
before  the  remedy  is  applied,  and  the 
latter  is  what  we  did.  The  small  amount 
of  help  we  got  out  of  it  came  from  the 
smudge  covering  the  groves  after  sun¬ 
rise,  causing  a  slow  thawing  out  of  the 
frosted  fruit  and  less  danger  of  cell 
rupture,  which  is  the  result  of  frosting 
of  Citrus  fruit. 

The  conclusions  arrived  at  as  a  direct 
result  of  the  experiences  of  the  season 
of  1908-1909  were  that  to  be  sure  of 
success  fires  must  be  not  more  than  20 
feet  apart,  for  very  cold  nights.  Also 
that  the  fires  must  be  started  before  the 
ground  cakes  in  the  least,  so  as  to  keep 
up  the  heat  supply  from  the  earth  which 
practically  ceases  when  the  ground  is 
hardened.  This  is  obtained  by  the 
blanketing  effect  of  the  smoke  cloud, 
preventing  the  rapid  radiation  of  the 
latent  heat  of  the  earth.  Further,  fires 
should  be  kept  going  for  at  least  two 
hours  after  the  sun  is  up  to  minimize 
any  damage  which  may  have  taken  place, 
in  spite  of  the  work.  The  work  in  the 
season  1909-1910  was  carried  on  with 
heavy  crude  oil  burned  in  paper  bags, 

filling  them  full  and  lighting  them  at 
the  top;  the  bag  burned  down  regularly 
from  start  to  finish,  was  easy  to  light 
and  simple  to  handle,  the  one  failure, 
arising  from  the  difficulty  found  in  get¬ 
ting  a  bag  that  would  not  leak.  The 
final  limitation  of  the  work  that  season 
came  from  the  inability  to  get  fuel  when 
it  was  wanted.  However,  the  following 
was  gained:  (1)  A  good  lighting  torch 
was  developed  by  which  a  live  man  can 
light  500  fires  an  hour.  (2)  It  was  pos¬ 
itively  proved  that  the  result  could  be 
obtained.  Also  that  it  was  of  great 
importance  to  have  on  hand  a  supply  of 
fuel  sufficient  for  more  than  the  worst 
ever  known. 

The  season  1910-1911  was  entered  with 
the  growers  owning  300  acres  equipping 
their  groves  with  pots  designed  to  burn 
a  cheap  oil  (a  by-product  of  the  re¬ 
finery),  known  locally  as  slop  distillate, 
and  costing  us  laid  down  in  the  grow¬ 
ers’  tanks,  three  cents  a  gallon.  These 
pots  were  placed  one  to  each  tree,  in 
the  body  of  the  grove  and  two  to  a 
tree  on  the  windward  side.  The  light¬ 
ing  was  begun  at  30  degrees,  the  wind¬ 
ward  side  being  lit  first,  then  as  soon 
as  the  temperature  showed  a  tendency 


to  drop  every  fourth  row  was  lit  and 
then  others  as  the  conditions  demanded. 
With  everything  in  the  windward  half 
of  my  grove  burning  and  three-fourths 
of  the  balance  lit,  I  had  no  trouble  main¬ 
taining  the  temperature  at  30  degrees, 
while  it  dropped  to  22  degrees  100  feet 
to  windward  of  the  fires.  The  first 
fires  were  lit  at  11  p.  m.,  and  the  fires 
were  not  put  out  until  8  a.  m.,  and  the 
total  expense  for  1,400  trees  was  $18  for 
fuel  and  $5  for  labor,  beside  my  own 
time,  and  about  four  hours  for  my  team 
hauling  oil.  From  these  figures  you 
will  be  able  to  compute  the  expense  of 
1*he  work.  The  equipment  cost  us  $375 
per  1,000  fires,  for  pots,  tanks  and  oil 
enough  for  six  nights  of  the  worst  we 
have  seen.  You  know  your  own  condi¬ 
tions  and  output  better  than  I  do  so  you 
will  be  better  able  to  answer  the  ques¬ 
tion,  “Is  it  worth  while?”  One  of 
the  hardest  parts  of  the  whole  campaign 
is  the  organization  of  the  growers  for 
uniform  work,  or  in  fact  to  enthuse  them 
for  work  at  all.  There  are  always  the 
weather-wise  who  sees  signs  (in  the 
moon  or  some  other  place  which  does 
not  bear  on  our  weather),  that  we  are 
to  have  mild  weather;  others  have  heard 
somewhere  that  somebody  tried  to  fight 
frost  and  failed,  and  so  on.  Nothing 
but  persistent  publication  of  known  facts 
and  keeping  everlastingly  at  them  (until 
several  braver  than  the  rest  take  hold) 
will  win  the  day.  j.  e.  adamson. 

Los  Angeles  Co.,  Cal. 


Orchard  and  Farm  Fertility. 

E.  B.,  Kendall,  N.  Y. — I  am  farming  100 
acres  of  sandy  loam;  have  about  14  'acres 
of  old  (30  to  40  years)  apple  orchard,  and 
10  of  three-year-old,  aiso  seven  acres 
dwarf  Duchess  pears.  The  remainder  of 
the  farm  has  been  robbed  for  the  orchards 
for  years.  As  this  is  the  off  year  for  the 
apples,  how  can  I  build  up  the  soil  best 
and  still  meet  expenses?  I  would  like  to 
put  a  portion  of  the  manure  in  the  orchard. 
Is  it  possible  to  put  in  some  legume  in  the 
Spring  to  plow  under  for  a  potato  crop  the 
same  year,  planting  potatoes  about  June 
15.  If  so  what  do  you  advise?  You  see 
the  land  is  run  to  a  certain  extent,  but  if 
manured  it  responds  to  a  wonderful  extent. 
If  you  were  placed  as  I  am  what  would  you 
do  without  too  large  an  outlay  of  money 
to  build  up  the  farm  again,  and  at  the  same 
time  manure  the  orchards? 

Ans. — Canada  field  peas  are  about  the 
only  crop  that  would  prove  much  help. 
They  can  be  seeded  in  April.  We  should 
put  oats  with  them.  By  the  middle  of 
June  there  will  be  a  fair  growth  to  be 
plowed  under.  It  will  help  the  potatoes, 
but  some  fertilizer  should  also  be  used. 
Try  to  work  all  the  vegetable  matter 
possible  into  that  soil.  Sow  rye  after 
potatoes  and  buckwheat  after  an  early 
crop.  Never  let  the  soil  lie  idle,  but 
keep  covered  with  a  living  crop  and  put 
it  under  when  full-grown. 


THE  HAMILTON  RESERVOIR 
ORCHARD 
HEATER 


Positively 
the  most 
effective 
heater  be¬ 
cause  of  its 
REGULATED 
FIRE.  Many 
other  points  of  superiority. 

Write  for  our  RED  BOOK  on  orchard 
heatinsr  free.  Tells  you  how  best  to  smudge 


HAMILTON  ORCHARD  HEATER  CO..  Grand  Junction,  Colo. 


AMERICAN 


Steel  Fence  Post 

Cheaper  Than  Wood 

and  More  Durable 

Many  years  of  experimenting 
with  metal  fence  posts  have 
developed  this  post.  It  is 
now  thoroughly  practical,  fill¬ 
ing  every  requirement  on  the 
farm,  in  the  town,  for  rail¬ 
roads  and  whereverfence  posts 
are  used. 

Made  of  tough  steel,  heavily 
zinc  coated.  Durability 
proven  by  us — ten  years’  ac¬ 
tual  use  showing  good  as  new. 
Means  a  big  reduction  in 
fence  cost  and  maintenance. 

40-page  catalog  sent  free,  fully 
illustrating  and  describing.  Send 
for  it. 

Sold  by  dealers  everywhere.  Ask 
dealer  to  show  samples  and  quote 
fmM  prices,  or  write  us  direct. 

American  Steel  8  Wire  Co. 


H 

IT 

m 


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fe 


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115  Adams  Street 
Denver : 

First  Nat.  Bank  Bldg. 


New  York: 

30  Church  Street 
San  Francisco : 
16th  and  Folsom  Sts. 


MACHINE 


ever  manufactured  (we 
make  it)  could  not  run  it¬ 
self.  It  has  neither  brains 
nor  perpetual  motion  to 
be  automatic,  .vet  it  is  a 
very  valuable  invention  of 
today.  Nevertheless,  there 
are  many  unthinking  men 
who  can  see  no  advantage 
in  buying  a  piece  of  ma¬ 
chinery  that  requires  two 
men  to  operate  it.  They 
lose  sight  of  its  time-saving 
and  money-making  qualities 
in  looking-  at  its  first  cost. 
1 1  is  a  most  expensive  mis¬ 
take. 


DITCHING 


What  the  railroads  have  done  for  transportation,  the  telephone  and  tele¬ 
graph  for  communication ,  the  reaper  and  thresher  for  harvesting  the  crops — 
the  BUCKEYE  TRACTION  DITCHER  is  now  doing  for  that  most  important  of 
all  work — the  growing  of  the  crops.  The  BUCKEYE  in  its  field  is  as  much  a 
time-saver  as  any  of  these,  and  without  question  unequalled  as  a  money¬ 
making  machine. 

The  BUCKEYE  cuts  ditches  so  clean,  with  a  perfect  grade,  that  farmers 
prefer  “BUCKEYE”  ditches  over  any  other  kind  and  pay  10  9e  more  for  them. 
They  know  that  it  doesn’t  pay  to  put  in  tile  unless  the  grade  is  right — 
choked-up  drains  cut  with  our  DITCHER  are  unheard  of.  It  enables  you  to 
ventilate  the  roots  and  give  the  soil  the  moisture  that  it  needs — neither  too 
much  nor  too  little. 


ANY  MAN 


whethei  a  landowner,  a  thresherman.  a  day-laborer  or  office  clerk,  will 
find  the  BUCKEYE  a  PROFITABLE  INVESTMENT.  Let  us  prove  it  to  you  NOW, 
before  your  neig-hhor  thinks  about  it.  A  postal  will  bring  our  new  Catalog 
No.  3  promptly. 


BUCKEYE  TRACTION  DITCHER  CO. 

FINDLAY,  OHIO 


J- 


“Pittsburgh  Perfect” 

Wire  Fencing  is  best  all  through. 

^  The  wire  is  drawn  from  a  special  quality  of  open 
THE  BEST  hearth  material — tough,  pliable,  strong,  long  lived 
WIRE  like  old-time  iron  wire.  It  is  the  finest  fencing 
wire  possible  to  manufacture. 

Galvanizing  ^eav^y  galvanized  by  our  own  new  and  perfect 
Perfect  process,  the  wire  is  positively  moisture-proof. 
The  fact  that 

All  Stay  Wires  and  Line  Wires  are  Electrically  Welded 

not  only  eliminates  the  weakening  and 
moisture  -  gathering  wraps,  clamps 
and  ties,  but  practically  transforms 
the  fence  into  one  piece  of  perfor¬ 
ated  Steel.  Sectional  view — Amalgamation  perfect.  No  seam 

No  Waste  Wire  There  is  no  waste  wire  to  make  useless  weight; 

instead,  heavier  wire  is  used  and  all  the  weight 
NoWasteWeight  is  fence.  Stay  wires  being  of  the  same  size  as 
line  wires,  the 

“Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Fence  is  the  Strongest  in  the  World 

EVERY  ROD  GUARANTEED  PERFECT 
Catalogue  showing  73  different  styles  and  sizes,  adapted  to  every  purpose — FIELD, 
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PITTSBURGH  STEEL  CO. 

PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

Makers  of 

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"Pittsburgh  PERFECT"  Fencing. 


A  JERSEYMAN  AND  HIS  GARDEN. 

The  first  thing  I  did  toward  my  1910 
garden  was  to  draw  the  plan,  a  prac¬ 
tical  duplicate  of  which  accompanies  this 
article.  Then  I  made  out  a  list  of  the 
required  seeds  and  ordered  them  from 
three  different  seedsmen.  The  seeds 
cost  $2.65.  On  February  14  I  planted 
the  seed  of  June  Pink  and  Burpee’s 
Dwarf  Giant  tomatoes  in  shallow  seed 
boxes  in  the  house.  In  the  Fall  of  1909 
I  arranged  a  cold  frame,  making  the 
frame  of  rough  pine  boards,  which  I 
staked  and  nailed  together,  putting  some 
manure  on  top  and  spading  same  into 
the  ground,  fining  and  raking  the  sur¬ 
face  into  shape.  I  set  some  lettuce 
plants  in  the  Fall,  also  planted  a  few 
radish  seed.  During  the  Winter  I 
covered  the  sash  with  old  matting  and 
oilcloth  at  night.  On  the  occasion  of 
one  heavy  snow  it  remained  covered  for 
several  days  before  the  snow  was 
shoveled  off,  and  some  sunlight  given. 
About  one-half  of  the  lettuce  died  for 
various  reasons,  and  the  radishes  did 
not  amount  to  much ;  what  few  I  ate 
are  not  counted  in  the  returns  from  the 
garden.  On  February  22  I  planted 
some  lettuce  and  celery  seed  in  this 
frame.  The  waste  vegetable  matter  of 
all  kinds  from  the  garden,  such  as  all 
vines,  vegetable  tops,  lawn  and  hedge 
clippings,  etc.,  I  composted  with  a  load 
of  manure,  and  two  bushels  of  air- 
slaked  lime  in  the  Fall,  turning  it  twice 
during  the  Winter.  This  compost  was 
spread  over  part  of  the  ground,  and  I 
bought  another  cartload  of  manure  to 
broadcast  the  remainder  of  it. 

On  March  25  I  had  it  plowed  with  a 
two-horse  plow  and  well  harrowed.  As 
I  was  not  at  home  when  the  plowman 
came,  he  about  plowed  up  two  rows  of 
Fall-planted  spinach  next  to  the  straw¬ 
berries,  by  a  mistake  in  understanding 
my  orders.  I  planted  beets  in  one  of 
these  rows  a  little  later  for  this  reason. 
My  time  on  the  25th  was  used  to  finish 
the  job  of  plowing  by  spading  up  the 
corners  that  he  could  not  get  at,  and 
by  smoothing  the  entire  plowed  surface 
with  a  hand  rake.  Then  with  my  plans 
as  a  guide,  using  a  16-foot  rod  and  a 
carpenter’s  two-foot  rule  to  measure,  I 
drove  a  stake  at  each  end  of  each  row. 
Now  I  was  in  shape  to  string  my  gar¬ 
den  line  on  the  proper  stakes  to  locate 
any  row  I  wanted.  These  stakes  I 
allowed  to  remain  during  the  season,  or 
at  least  until  all  use  of  them  was  made. 

On  March  26  I  put  out  onion  sets, 
planting  parsnip  seeds  between  the  sets 
in  the  same  row.  On  March  28  planted 
five  rows  of  beets  and  one  row  of  peas; 
29th,  planted  two  rows  Bovee  potatoes ; 
30th,  I  made  up  two  rows  for  tomato 
plants,  then  raked  the  top  off  the  ridge 
row  and  planted  radish  seed  in  them. 
These  early  plantings  of  radishes  are 
troubled  with  the  radish  maggot,  and  I 
fail  to  get  more  than  half  a  crop.  I 
have  heard  that  salt  is  a  preventive,  but 
have  not  tried  it  yet.  On  March  31  I 
removed  tomato  plants  from  seed  box  in 
house  to  cold  frame.  On  April  2  I 
planted  beets  after  spinach  previously 
referred  to,  and  a  row  to  be  followed 
later  by  corn ;  also  planted  first  row  of 
corn,  one-half  row  Peep  o’  Day,  and 
one-half  row  of  Howling  Mob  varieties, 
and  set  lettuce  plants  from  frame  be¬ 
tween  the  corn  hills.  On  April  6  planted 
pepper  seed  in  cold  frames  and  one-half 
row  each  of  Green  Pod  and  wax  bean, 
dwarf  varieties,  and  set  one  row  of  let¬ 
tuce  plants  where  the  second  planting  of 
corn  would  take  place.  I  continued  to 
plant  at  about  the  time  marked  on  the 
plan ;  peas  about  12  days  apart  for  a  suc¬ 
cession,  and  corn  about  15  days  apart. 

I  was  disappointed  in  getting  cabbage 
plants,  and  somewhat  later  got  some 
from  a  farmer.  The  more  tender  vege¬ 
tables  I  planted  later  as  the  season  be¬ 
came  warmer  and  settled. 

On  April  28  I  sold  five  cents’  worth 
of  lettuce  plants  from  cold  frame.  This 


was  my  first  sale  of  the  season,  and 
with  the  additional  sale  of  one  and  one- 
half  dozen  tomato  plants  was  all  that 
was  sold  from  the  cold  frame  or  counted 
in  my  returns  for  the  season.  My  late 
tomato  plants  were  grown  in  this  space 
and  used  in  the  rows.  The  cultivation 
was  done  with  a  Planet  Jr.  wheel  hoe, 
going  through  the  garden  about  once  a 
week  as  a  rule  with  kind  of  tool  de¬ 
pendent  upon  size  and  variety  of  plants. 
In  addition  I  tried  to  stir  soil  after  each 
rain  as  soon  as  dry  enough  to  do  so, 
this  to  break  up  evaporation.  Early 
tomatoes  were  a  general  very  light  crop 
in  this  section,  and  mine  were  no  ex¬ 
ception  to  the  rule.  I  picked  my  first 


$5.50;  20  pounds  nitrate  of  soda.  SO  cents; 
bone  dust.  $1;  salt  for  celery,  20  cents; 
plowing,  $1;  six  eggplants,  25  cents; 
total  expenses,  $11.40.  Returns  from 
garden,  $134.21;  net  returns  to  pay  for 
work,  $122.81 ;  the  satisfaction  of  fresh 
vegetables  to  us  from  April  7  till  the 
present  time,  or  about  11  months,  as  I 
yet  have  celery  and  parsnips  to  use;  I 
also  have  the  satisfaction  of  beating  my 
own  record,  per  table : 


Year 

Yield 

Yield 

per  acre 

1905  . 

. $33.00 

$412.50 

1 906  . 

.  82.53 

1 ,031 .63 

1907  . 

.  79.74 

996.75 

1908  . 

. 104.20 

1,302.50 

1909  . 

. 113.25 

1,415.63 

1910  . 

1 ,677.63 

The  garden  is  45  feet  by  77  feet,  or 
about  .08  of  an  acre.  I  am  hoping  and 
planning  for  yet  better  things,  but  I  think 


Hedge  Line. 


2  ft. 

A  few  scullions  left  from  preceding  year. 
Strawberries 

1  ft. 

Spinach  from  Autumn  planting. 

1  ft. 

Strawberries. 

1  ft. 

Spinach  from  Autumn  planting. 

1  ft. 

Strawberries. 

1  ft. 

Strawberries. 

1  ft. 

Spinach,  Autumn. 

1  ft. 

7  ft. 

Beets,  Spinach.  Autumn:  late  tomatoes  between  beets. 

154  ft. 

Potatoes. 

1ft. 

£  COLD  J 
FRAME  L 

Late  tomatoes  to  follow. 

lift. 

Potatoes. 

154  ft. 

Tomatoes.  Radishes  on  March  30. 

154  ft. 

7  ft. 

Tomatoes.  Radishes  on  March  30. 

154  ft. 

Onion  sets  with  parsnips  between  on  March  2(5. 

1  ft. 

Beets.  March  2(5. 

1  ft. 

Beets.  March  2(5. 

1  ft. 

Beets,  March  2(5. 

1  ft. 

Beets,  March  2(5. 

1  ft. 

Beets,  Man 

it  26. 

154  ft. 

Pole  Lima  beans. 

154  ft. 

Corn  on  July  1,  Spinach  on  April  2.  Corn  on  July  15. 

134  ft. 

Green  beans. 

Celery  to  follow.  Wax  beans. 

134  ft, 

Corn  on  June  1.  Corn  on  June  15. 

134  ft. 

Peas. 

Celery  to  follow. 

134  ft. 

Corn  on  May  1. 

Corn  on  M  ay  15. 

124  ft. 

Peas. 

Celery  to  follow. 

mn. 

Corn,  early. 

i%  ft. 

Peas. 

Celery  to  follow. 

124  ft. 

Corn,  earliest 

2  ft. 

Peas. 

Celery  to  follow. 

2  ft, 

C  C  C  C  C 

SSSSSEEEEEEE 

2  ft. 

Rhubarb. 

Turnips,  24  Cabbage  Plants. 

box  of  strawberries  on  May  22,  fully 
two  weeks  earlier  than  usual  with  me. 
My  potatoes  were  the  best  crop  I  have 
ever  had,  one-fourth  peck  of  seed  yield¬ 
ing  more  than  two  bushels.  Turnips 
planted  early  were  a  failure,  in  fact  all 
of  the  row  next  to  the  hedge,  such  as 
squash,  cucumber,  eggplant  and  cabbage 
were  a  partial  failure.  Late  in  the  sea¬ 
son  I  put  two  rows  of  tomato  plants  in 
the  beet  rows.  As  soon  as  they  got 
some  size  I  could  not  cultivate,  and  the 
beets  ceased  to  grow. 

My  yield  for  the  season  was  as  fol¬ 
lows,  sales  at  actual  prices  received 
and  stuff  consumed  by  my  family  at 
price  prevailing  at  the  time  in  our  town: 
Sales,  celery,  $22.61 ;  peppers,  50  cents ; 
Lima  beans,  $6.61 ;  tomatoes,  $10.05 ; 
corn,  $2.18;  cabbage,  32  cents;  wax 
beans,  $1.59;  green  beans,  $2.11;  peas, 
$5.15;  beets,  $18.20;  onions,  $1.41;  let¬ 
tuce,  $4.54 ;  strawberries,  $3.50 ;  scallions, 
32  cents ;  spinach,  $1.52 ;  tomato  plants, 
30  cents ;  radishes,  $13.96 ;  lettuce  plants, 
five  cents;  parsnips,  $1.10;  total  sales, 
$96.02.  I  used,  eggplants,  24  cents  ; 
squash,  28  cents ;  Lima  beans,  $1.42 ; 
cucumbers,  10  cents ;  onions,  10  cents ;. 
cabbage,  five  cents;  pumpkin,  13  cents-; 
tomatoes,  $6.64 ;  corn,  $4.60 ;  green 
beans,  10  cents ;  wax  beans,  17  cents ; 

potatoes,  $2.18;  peas,  $1.27;  beets,  54 

cents ;  strawberries,  $S.10 ;  radishes, 
$1.02;  rhubarb,  60  cents;  lettuce,  $2.90; 
spinach,  $2.25;  cabbage,  five  cents;  pep¬ 
pers,  15  cents ;  parsnips,  $1.35 ;  celery, 
$4.20 ;  total,  $38.19.  My  returns  by 
months  were : 

April  . . . : . 

May  . 

June  .  7.79 

July  . '. . 

August  .  4.23 

September  .  4.30 

October  .  2.54 

November  .  2.95 

December  .  1.50 

Since  first  new  year .  3.79 

$38.19  $96.0" 

In  September  I  invested  $3  in  boar  Is 
for  bleaching  celery.  This  brings  my  m- 
vestment  in  tools,  etc.,  up  to  about  $25. 
My  expenses  chargeable  to  1910  were  as 
follows :  Seeds,  $2.65 ;  five  loads  manure, 


that  I  can  pause  a  moment  to  sum  up 
w'ith  a  hopeful  spirit.  I  took  a  piece  of 
old  sod,  from  about  one-half  of  which 
the  top  soil  had  been  removed.  I  have 
practically  made  a  new  top  soil  on  that 
half.  Starting  six  years  ago  with  an 
acre  yield  of  $412.50,  with  the  exception 
of  1907,  when  a  backward  Spring  made 
everything  fully  one  month  later,  I  have 
increased  my  yield  each  year  until  the 
record  is  an  acre  yield  of  $1,677.63  in 
1910.  This  would  seem  to  me  to  denote 
that  I  had  increased  the  fertility  of  my 
soil  with  my  yield.  This  has  been  done 
without  hotbeds  and  in  a  way  that  is  ap¬ 
plicable  to  one  or  five  acres  if  I  had  that 
much  land.  stanton  kirkbride. 

Camden  Co.,  N.  J. 


Just  Try  It  Once 

That’s  all  we  ask  you  to  do 
with  Tile-Like.  You  have 
some  old  chair  that  looks  too 
shabby  to  use.  Tile-Like 
will  make  it  good  as  new. 

Perhaps  your  floor  is 
scratched  and  the  finish  is 
wearing  off.  Tile-Like  will 
give  you  a  new  floor,  with  a  finish 
hard  enough  to  stand  any  use. 


Wears 

LIKE  TILE 

Tile-Like  is  used  for  linoleum 
and  oilcloth,  worn  furniture  and 
woodwork  of  every  kind. 

Tile-Like  is  sold  in  sealed  cans,  ready 
to  use.  Anyone  can  apply  it,  for  full 
directions  are  given  with  each  package. 

It  comes  in  eight  colors  besides  flat 
and  gloss  white.  Among  the  colors  are 
Walnut,  Dark  Oak,  Light  Oak,  Cherry, 
Mahogany  and  ->tbers. 

If  yiur  deri.'ev 
doe*  .lot  sell  T’le- 
Like,  write  to  •>. 

BENJAMIN  M0K-  ‘ 

&  CO. 

Paints  and  Var¬ 
nish  es  for  every 
Purpose. 

Brooklyn,  N.  V. 

Carteret,  K.  L 
Chicago,  Ill. 

Cleveland.  O. 

Toronto.  Can 


“KANT-KLOG” 
SPRAYERS 

Something  New  ; 

Gets  twice  the  resn  1  ta —--r-J-stg. 

with  same  labor  and  fluid. 

Flat  or  round,  fine  or  coarse  sprays 
from  same  nozzle.  Ten  styles.  For 
trees,  potatoes,  gardens,  whitewashing, 
etc.  Agents  Wanted,  Booklet  Free. 

Rochester  Spray  Pump  Co.  B““u. 


Spraying 

Guide  Free 


lATlTf  I  drilling 
YT  LLL machines 

Over  70  sizes  and  styles,  for  drilling  either  deep  or 
shallow  wells  in  any  kind  or  soil  or  rock.  Mounted  on 
wheels  or  on  sills,  withenginesor  horse  powers.  Strong, 
simple  and  durable.  Any  mechanic  can  operate  them 
easily.  Send  for  catalog. 

WILLIAMS  BROS..  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

pi pC— HEW  CROP-PRODUCER  to  CONSUMER-100  lbs 

Dl  UL  beautiful,  clean,  white,  whole  grain  South 
Carolina  extra  fancy  table  rice,  ready  for  cook¬ 
ing,  delivered  freight  prepaid  to  your  station,  $4.85. 
We  guarantee  safe  arrival  of  rice. 

J.  ED  CABANISS,  Rice  Farmer,  Katy,  Texas. 


Used. 

Sold. 

$0.05 

5.31 

4.72 

7.79 

19.05 

4.48 

13.40 

4.23 

6.46 

4.30 

8.15 

2.54 

23.17 

2.95 

18.07 

1.50 

2.75 

3.79 

.20 

Spray  Just  After  the  Blossom  Falls — 
with  Swift’s  Arsenate  of  Lead 


^HE  arsenate  of  lead  goes 
into  the  cup-shaped  calyx 
where  the  worm  of  the  cod¬ 
ling-moth  feeds  before  it  attacks  the  apple.  Spray  this  Summer 
with  Swift’s,  and  next  Fall  wormy  apples  will  be  scarce. 

Swift’s  is  fatal  to  leaf-eating  worms  and  insects,  mixes  with  water 
readily,  remains  long  in  suspen¬ 
sion,  and  will  not  clog  any  pump. 

Outlasts  two  to  four  applica¬ 
tions  of  old-style  sprays,  because 
of  the  way  it  sticks  to  the  foliage. 

Write  for  our  new  book 
on  Apple  Culture 

This  book  is  backed  by  results.  It’s 
practice,  not  theory.  Special  chapter  on 
fighting  insect  pests.  This  valuable  book 
is  free.  Please  give  your  dealer’s  name. 

MERRIMAC  CHEMICAL  CO. 

31  Broad  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 


1911. 


THIS  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


307- 


NUT  GROWING  IN  THE  NORTH, 

Part  II. 

■The  Walnuts. — The  name  walnut 
has  a  different  meaning  in  different  sec¬ 
tions.  It  is  properly  applied  to  the  va¬ 
rious  species  of  the  genus  Juglans 
which  includes  the  four  native  species, 
the  common  black,  J.  nigra;  the  butter¬ 
nut,  J.  cinerea;  the  Texas  walnut,  J. 
rupestris;  the  California  walnut,  J. 
Californica;  and  the  Persian  or  English 
walnut,  J.  regia;  also  the  Japanese  and 
Manchurian  walnuts.  In  the  northeast¬ 
ern  United  States  the  hickorynuts  are 
called  “walnuts,”  which  is  really  a  mis¬ 
use  of  that  name,  as  it  is  commonly 
applied,  the  country  over.  Of  all  the 
walnuts  the  European  or  Persian  species, 

J.  regia,  is  by  far  the  best.  It  has  been 
cultivated  for  years  in  Europe  and  is 
native  about  the  Caspian  Sea.  The 
Romans  brought  it  from  there  to  the 
Mediterranean  region  and  from  there 
they  took  it  to  England  when  they  tried 
to  conquer  and  colonize  that  country. 
The  early  settlers  in  America  brought  it 
from  across  the  sea,  and  trees  are  now 
standing  in  many  places  that  were 
grown  from  nuts  planted  more  than  a 
century  ago.  The  most  of  these  old 
trees  are  standing  singly,  where  there 
are  no  other  walnut  trees  of  any  kind  to 
cross-pollinate  them,  and  that  is  often 
very  necessary.  The  flowers  of  the  wal¬ 
nuts  are  sexually  separated  and  some¬ 
times  they  do  not  bloom  at  the  same 
time  and  the  trees  are  not  productive. 
Trees  of  all  kinds  naturally  grow  in 
groves  and  pollinate  each  other.  In 
California  this  foreign  walnut  has  been 
a  great  success  and  there  are  thousands 
of  orchards  of  it  planted  there.  '1  he 
same  will  soon  be  true  of  Oregon  and 
Washington,  but  in  a  more  limited  way. 
In  the  Central  States  the  climatic 
changes  are  so  severe  and  sudden  that 
the  trees  of  this  species  will  not  suc¬ 
ceed.  But  east  of  the  Appalachian 
Mountains  and  to  some  extent  west  of 
them  the  Persian  walnut  is  gradually 
gaining  in  favor.  There  are  chance  seed¬ 
ling  trees,  for  the  most  part,  found  here 
and  there  that  have  proved  to  be  hardy 
enough  and  that  bear  abundantly.  Of 
these  varieties  some  of  the  best  have 
been  named,  brought  to  public  notice, 
and  the  trees  are  being  propagated  and 
sold,  but  chiefly- as  seedlings.  Very  few 
trees  have,  as  yet,  been  grown  from 
grafts,  but  there  are  active  efforts  in 
this  direction,  and  before  long  the  best 
of  the  hardy  eastern  varieties  of  the 
Persian  walnut  will  be  obtainable.  The 
stock  that  is  being  grown  for  working 
them  on  is  the  wild  Black  walnut,  prin¬ 
cipally.  I  believe  the  butternut  will  be 
as  good  or  better  as  a  stock.  So  far 
the  varieties  of  the  hardy  type  have  been 
found  in  Maryland,  Pennsylvania  and 
New  York.  Rush,  Cumberland  and 
Pomeroy  are  some  of  them.  There  is 
little  doubt  that  there  will  be  successful 
walnut  orchards  growing  in  all  these 
States  and  in  all  those  bordering  the 
Atlantic.  How  far  into  the  interior  this 
nut  tree  may  be  grown  is  a  question 
that  will  take  time  and  experience  to 
settle. 

There  are  a  few  varieties  of  our  na¬ 
tive  Black  walnut  that  are  worthy  of 
being  grown  for  their  nuts,  but  no  one 
has  yet  propagated  them  by  grafting 
and  has  the  tree  for  sale,  so  far  as  I 
know.  The  same  is  true  of  the  butter¬ 
nut  or  “White” walnut.  The  Japanese 
and  Manchurian  walnut  trees  are  rea¬ 
sonably  hardy  in  tree,  and  the  growth 
is  rapid  and  the  leaves  large  and  healthy. 
The  nuts  are  not  large  and  the  shells 
are  too  thick  and  hard  to  crack  to  make 
them  of  any  special  value,  although  the 
flavor  of  the  kernels  is  excellent.  So 
far  their  value  is  for  shade  and  orna¬ 
mental  purposes. 

The  Chestnuts. — Of  our  native  nut 
trees  the  chestnut  is  one  of  the  best.  It 
is  not  naturally  distributed  so  widely 
as  the  hickories  and  walnuts,  nor  is  it 
adapted  to  so  great  a  range  of  climate 
and  soil.  But  a  temperature  consider¬ 
ably  below  zero  is  safely  endured,  and 
the  tree  grows  to  very  large  size  and 
bears  nuts  of  excellent  quality  in  abund¬ 
ance.  The  main  objections  to  the  profit¬ 
able  culture  of  this  tree  are  the  small 
size  of  the  nuts,  the  abundance  of  the 
wild  crop,  and  worst  of  all  the  wholesale 
infestation  of  the  nuts  by  worms.  There 
are  two  beetles  that  lay  eggs  in  the 
nuts  while  they  are  yet  in  the  burrs  and 
there  has  not  been  found  any  way  to 
prevent  it  nor  a  very  practical  method 
of  destroying  the  eggs  or  larvae  in  the 
nuts. 


While  the  flavor  of  the  native  chest¬ 
nut  is  superior  to  any  of  the  foreign 
kinds,  their  larger  size  gives ^  them  an 
advantage  in  the  markets.  The  Euro¬ 
pean  species  is  the  most  popular  be¬ 
cause  of  the  combined  size  and  quality 
of  the  nuts.  The  trees  are  not  so  hardy 
as  the  native  species,  but  they  are  thrifty 
and  productive.  Some  of  the  varieties 
bear  too  early  and  too  heavily  and  in¬ 
jure  the  trees  while  they  are  young.  The 
Paragon  is  of  this  character.  It  is  neces¬ 
sary  to  clip  off  the  most  of  the  burrs 
for  the  first  few  years  to  save  the  trees. 
Rochester  is  another  very  superior  va¬ 
riety.  The  Japanese  chestnuts  are  even 
more  precocious  in  their  bearing  and 
the  nuts  are  often  larger  than  those  of 
any  other  species,  but  their  flavor  is  the 
poorest  of  all.  It  is  really  not  worth 
while  to  grow  the  Japanese  chestnuts. 
But  the  worst  of  all  the  chestnut  • 
troubles  is  a  fatal  disease  that  is  spread¬ 
ing  over  the  Eastern  States.  It  is  a 
fungus  disease  that  affects  the  bodies  of 
the  trees,  causing  them  to  sicken  and 
eventually  die.  There  seems  to  be  no 
way  to  overcome  or  even  check  it  and 
the  fate  of  the  chestnut  forests  seems 
certain.  The  most  encouraging  outlook 
for  the  culture  of  chestnuts  is  in  sec¬ 
tions  where  there  are  no  wild  trees 
growing  to  furnish  breeding  ground  for 
this  disease  and  no  place  for  the  chest¬ 
nut  weevils  to-  live.  Until  these  two 
troubles  might  come  there  would  be 
little  to  prevent  profitable  chestnut  cul¬ 
ture. 

The  Hazels. — There  are  three  native 
species  of  the  hazel  in  North  America. 
One  is  on  the  Pacific  coast,  but  the  nuts 
are  small,  hardy  shelled,  sparsely  borne 
and  of  no  particular  value.  The  other 
two  species  grow  naturally  from  Minne¬ 
sota  southward  to  Ohio,  Indiana  and 
Missouri,  and  they  may  be  grown  al¬ 
most  anywhere  that  the  soil  is  rich  and 
the  climate  not  very  warm.  The  nuts 
sprout  readily  and  the  bushes  grow 
with  almost  no  attention.  There  are 
many  varieties,  but  the  differences  are 
not  very  great.  However,  it  would  be 
well  to  select  such  nut's  as  are  superior 
or  the  young  bushes  that  bear  them 
and  plant  them  where  they  would  have 
good  opportunity  to  grow,  for  they  will 
yield  abundantly.  The  European  hazels, 
which  are  commonly  called  filberts,  are 
quite  large  in  bush,  sometimes  almost 
like  little  trees,  and  the  nuts  are  twice 
the  size  of  our  native  hazelnuts.  Large 
quantities  of  them  are  imported  from 
Europe  every  year.  There  is  a  disease 
that  affects  the  wood  and  prevents  the 
culture  of  the  filbert  in  our  Eastern 
States,  but  on  the  Pacific  coast  there  is 
no  such  trouble,  so  far  as  I  know,  and 
I  have  seen  many  strong  and  heavily 
laden  bushes  there.  Filbert  culture  is 
extending  in  Oregon  and  Washington, 
and  it  would  pay  well  in  British  Co¬ 
lumbia.  h.  e.  van  deman. 


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THE  KUKAb  NEW-YOKKEH 


March  18, 


Red  Clover  Questions. 

I.  D.3  New  York. — Can  Red  clover  be 
sown  in  Spring  and  crop  cut  following  Fall? 
How  much  seed  to  acre?  Is  this  best  clover 
for  milch  cows?  What  seed  is  best  to  mix 
with  Red  clover  to  make  bay,  how  much 
seed  per  acre  and  what  proportion?  Can 
clover  be  sown  in  Spring  with  oats,  and 
crop  secured  after  oats  are  cut? 

Ans. — You  could  only  expect  a  light 
crop  of  clover  six  months  after  sowing. 
In  most  cases  it  would  barely  pay  to 
cut  it  We  like  Alsike  clover  better 
for  cow  feed.  Better  mix  the  two  kinds. 


did  not  make  good  heads  because  pot¬ 
ash  and  phosphoric  acid  were  lacking. 
Stable  manure  added  to  this  muck  will 
not  give  best  results  because  it  also 
supplies  nitrogen  chiefly  and  this  is  what 
the  muck  does  not  need.  Potash  is  the 
element  most  lacking.  We  should  work 
in  at  least  one  ton  of  burned  lime  per 
acre,  and  then  use  a  mixture  of  three 
parts  fine  ground  bone  to  one  of  muriate 
of  potash.  Such  treatment  will  make 
this  soil  respond. 


For  an  acre  sow  12  quarts  Timothy  and 
six  of  Red-top  in  addition  to  clover.  A 
small  crop  of  clover  may  be  cut  in  the 
Fall,  but  it  will  not  amount  to  much. 

Oats  in  Maryland. 

W.  C.  V.,  Federalehurg,  Md. — Is  it  a  fact 
that  no  oats  are  raised  in  this  section  (Car¬ 
oline  County)  on  account  of  “lice,”  as  my 
neighbor  says  (root  aphis,  I  take  it)?  I 
wanted  to  sow  Red  Rust  Proof  oats  first 
part  of  March. 

Ans. — There  was  some  trouble  years 
ago  from  the  green  aphis  on  wheat  and 
oats,  but  I  have  heard  nothing  of  them 
recently.  We  grew  Winter  oats  finely 
here  last  year  and  have  them  growing 
now.  You  should  always  sow  oats  in 
this  part  of  the  country  in  September. 
Spring-sown  oats  seldom  amount  to 
anything,  while  with  good  farming  it  is 
easy  to  grow  50  or  more  bushels  an  acre 
of  the  Winter  oats  that  will  weigh  above 
the  standard  weight.  Those  we  grew 
last  year  weighed  nearly  40  pounds  to 
the  measured  bushel.  Spring  oats  sel¬ 
dom  get  up  to  standard  weight  here,  as 
they  are  too  long  exposed  to  the  hot 
weather,  while  those  sown  in  the  Fall 
ripen  nearly  with  the  wheat.  You  are 
right  in  sowing  the  Winter  oats  in 
Spring  as  they  always  do  better  than 
the  northern  Spring  oats.  But  in  your 
soil  you  can  make  a  far  more  profitable 
crop  from  Fall-sown  oats  than  from 
wheat,  for  the  soils  in  the  lower  part 
of  this  peninsula  are  not  adapted  to 
wheat  like  those  of  the  upper  counties, 
where  wheat  is  the  leading  crop.  The 
important  point  is  to  sow  clean  seed 
clear  of  chess,  though  chess  is  seldom 
troublesome  in  the  Spring-sown  oats,  as 
it  will  not  mature  seed  from  Spring 
sowing,  though  it  may  infest  the  land 
efter  the  oats  are  cut.  Then  seed  of 
the  Rust  Proof  oats,  if  from  Texas,  is 
very  apt  to  bring  in  seed  of  the  Johnson 
grass,  and  that  grass,  while  a  really 
valuable  hay  grass,  is  so  aggressive  that 
it  will  take  the  whole  farm  in  spite  of 
you.  We  sow  here  the  Virginia  Grey 
Turf  oats.  w.  f.  massey. 

Maryland. 

Handling  Muck  Soil. 

N.  W.,  Dowagiac,  Mich. — I  am  an  ama¬ 
teur  In  the  farming  and  gardening  busi¬ 
ness,  and  I  have  been  reading  some  of 
your  articles  on  the  use  of  lime,  and  would 


Destroying  Rose-bugs. 

Can  you  tell  me  what  to  do  for  rose 
beetles?  The  first  I  ever  saw  appeared 
last  Summer  when  they  attacked  a  rose 
bush  which  I  sprayed  with  Paris  green. 
They  left  and  literally  swarmed  on  some 
plum  trees  and  cherry  trees.  Will  they 
return  again  this  year,  and  if  so,  what 
can  I  do  to  destroy  them?  What  are  their 
habits?  Do  they  leave  larva?  which  will 
develop?  If  so,  when  and  what  is  the 
best  method  of  destroying  them?  e.  w. 

Lanoka,  N.  J. 

The  rose-bugs,  or  rose-chafers,  have  the 
interesting  habit  of  appearing  suddenly  in 
great  swarms  and  attacking  all  sorts  of 
plants  on  the  lawn,  in  the  garden,  orchard, 
and  even  forest.  After  remaining  from  a 
month  to  six  weeks  and  doing  much  in¬ 
jury  they  disappear  as  suddenly  as  they 
come.  When  these  insects  were  first  no¬ 
ticed  as  injurious  they  seemed  to  confine 
themselves  mainly  to  the  rose,  hence  their 
name,  rose-chafers.  The  mother  beetles  lay 
their  eggs,  probably  in  July,  in  the  soil  a 
few  inches  below  the  surface,  where  they 
hatch  and  the  grubs  feed  upon  the  roots 
of  grasses  or  of  other  plants  they  may  be 
able  to  find.  In  the  Autumn,  the  grubs 
descend  into  the  earth  below  the  frost  line, 
but  when  Spring  returns  each  one  ascends 
toward  the  surface,  makes  a  snug  earthen 
cell,  changes  to  a  pupa,  and  in  early  June 
transforms  to  the  adult  beetle.  It  seems 
that  great  numbers  of  the  pupae  transform 
to  beetles  about  the  same  time  so  that  the 
adults  issue  from  the  earth  in  swarms. 
These  insects  prefer  sandy  soils  as  breed¬ 
ing  grounds  and  are  seldom  found  in  clay 
lands. 

The  beetles  can  best  be  controlled  on 
shrubs  or  on  a  few  vines  by  hand-picking 
them  and  destroying  them.  Often  they  may 
be  jarred  on  to  sheets  saturated  with  kero¬ 
sene,  but  these  methods  of  fighting  them 
are  tedious  and  have  to  be  repeated  every 
day  so  long  as  the  beetles  are  present.  A 
choice  vine  or  shrub  may  even  be  protected 
by  screening  it  with  netting.  If  the  breed¬ 
ing  place  can  be  located  much  good  may 
be  done  by  plowing  the  land  and  destroy¬ 
ing  the  food  plants,  thus  starving  the 
grubs.  Moreover,  by  plowing  the  land  in 
May  many  of  the  grubs  and  pupae  may  be 
destroyed.  Heretofore,  very  little  success 
has  been  obtained  by  trying  to  poison  the 
beetles  with  our  ordinary  poison-mixtures. 
They  did  not  seem  to  get  enough  of  the 
poison  to  kill  them.  Lately,  however,  one 
or  two  experimenters  have  reported  con¬ 
siderable  success  in  killing  the  beetles  by 
spraying  the  food  plants  thoroughly  with 
four  or  five  pounds  of  arsenate  of  lead  to 
50  gallons  of  water  with  a  gallon  of  mo¬ 
lasses  added  to  make  the  poison-mixture 
attractive.  The  beetles  seem  to  eat  this 
sweetened  poison-mixture  with  a  good  deal 
of  avidity  and  many  of  them  are  killed. 
In  controlling  the  rose-chafers  on  fruit 
trees  or  in  vineyards  the  sweetened  poison- 
mixture  will  probably  prove  to  be  the  best 
method.  glenn  w.  heehick. 


BARREL  SPRAYER 


like  a  little  more  information  if  possible. 
I  have  considerable  muck  land.  I  have 
cleaned  off  and  grubbed  out  the  stumps 
from  about  one  acre  during  the  Summer 
and  Fall  of  1000,  ditched  it  in  the  Spring 
of  1910,  and  put  same  into  cabbage.  They 
did  not  do  well,  grew  well  enough  but  did 
not  head  up.  I  attributed  it  to  the  land 
being  sour,  as  water  usually  stood  in  places 
all  Summer,  but  did  not  after  I  put  in  the 
"blind  ditches.”  I  tended  the  cabbage  well 
and  have  put  on  a  liberal  coat  of  barnyard 
manure,  and  intend  plowing  deep,  put  to 
onions ;  am  plowing  deep  so  as  not  to  get  ill 
results  from  the  manure  on  the  onions  this 
year,  but  hope  to  get  good  results  next. 
Would  you  recommend  the  use  of  lime  or 
commercial  fertilizer  of  some  kind,  and 
what?  The  muck  on  this  piece  is  what 
they  call  black  ash  muck,  and  is  all  the 
way  from  eight  inches  (up  near  the  hard 
land)  to  three  feet,  with  a  subsoil  of  a  blue 
color  rather  sticky  when  wet,  but  extremely 
hard  when  dry. 

Ans. — The  thing  to  remember  about 

most  muck  soils  is  that  thed  are  rich  in 
nitrogen,  weak  in  phosphoric  acid,  and 
with  only  a  trace  of  potash.  The  muck 
is  usually  sour,  so  that  the  nitrogen  is 
not  readily  available.  Lime  usually 
helps  such  soils  by  sweetening  them  and 
making  the  nitrogen  fit  to  feed  plants. 
The  cabbage  made  a  good  growth  be¬ 
cause  it  found  nitrogen  in  the  soil.  It 


READY  TO  USE 

Can  be  drawn  on  sled  or  wagon,  by  one  horse, 
through  orchard  or  garden. 

Pump  is  entirely  outside  of  barrel  and  solutions, 
and  is  similar  to  the  one  on  our  Combination  Field 
OrchardSprayer-100  to  125 pounds  pres¬ 
sure-one  or  two  leads  of  hose-conven¬ 
ient  check  valves — no  leather  packing. 

50  gallon,  horizontal  barrel— no  dan¬ 
ger  of  upsetting  whether  empty  or 
filled — nothing  inside  but  the  dasher. 

Ask  us  quick  for 
information  on  this 
latest  addition  to  the 


UNNAQE 

line  of  Farm  and 
Garden  Implements. 


BATEMAN 
M'F’G  CO. 
Box  1  02-S 
Crenloch, 
New  Jersey 


A  SUBSTITUTE 

For  Bordeaux  Mixture 

10-gal.  keg  making 2.000  to  5,000  gals,  spray,  delivered 
any  K  K.  station  in  the  United  States  for  $12.50. 
Prompt  shipments.  Every  grower  ot  fruits  and  vege¬ 
tables  ahould  have  oar  Eeport  of  wonderful  results  1910. 

B.  G.  PRATT 

S3  CHURCH  ST.,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


You  want  proof,  and  the  Reo  has  plenty  of  it. 
The  most  important  thing  is  get -there- and - 
back  ability.  This  is  absolutely  proved  by  the 
Reo  record  from 

New  York  to  San  Francisco 
10  days  15  hours  13  minutes 


It  is  also  complete  proof  of  ample  power,  speed,  strength, 
comfort,  and  all  the  other  qualities  that  belong  to  a  high-grade 
motor-car. 

The  car  that  ploughed  through  the  deep  mud  of  Nebraska 
in  wet  weather,  kept  going  at  a  steady  pace  through  the  wash¬ 
outs  and  chuck-holes  of  the  Great  American  Desert,  climbed  the 
rough  grades  of  the  Desert,  the  Rockies,  and  the  Sierra  Nevada 
Mountains — the  car  that  has  done  all  this  at  record 
speed,  with  not.  a  wrench  touched  to  the  engine,  will 
do  all  that  you  will  ever  ask  of  it. 

You  know  what  you  can  do  with  a  Reo— this  record 
proves  it.  We  have  plenty  more  proof  if  you  want  it. 

The  most  economical  car  to  buy  and  own. 

Send  for  catalogue  and  “  Reo  and  the  Farmer  ”  Plain  facts. 

R  M  Owen  &  Co  Lansing  Mich  Ge"*™'t  ? §'es  Reo  Motor  Car  Co 


You  can 
do  it 
with  a 


Ih®  WITTEN 


Automatic  Dump  Cart 

What  You  Have  Been 
Looking  For 

A  necessity  for  Farm- 
Fruit  Growers, 
Livery 
Stables, 
Cemeteries,  Golf 
Clubs,  Dairies, 
Stockmen.  Con¬ 
tractors  and  all  man¬ 
ufacturing  plants. 
Send  today  for  free 
illustrated  booklet  telling  all  about  this 
labor-saving  cart. 

Baker  Mfg.Co.,  507Hunter  Bldg.,  Chicago,  Hi. 


Stump  Puller 


Warranted  the  most  practical  machine  made.  One  man  can  lift 
20  ton 8.  3  styles.  10  sizes.  $25  and  up.  Screw.  Cable  or  Hand 
Power.  We  make  cheapest  TILE  DITCHER  and  the  best 
PAnm  ever  sold.  One  horse  cuts  2  row*. 

UUIII  nctlfcdlul  One  man.  No  twine.  On  trial. 
Agents  wanted.  Our  new-64  page  Catalog  FREE.  Write  today. 
R.  L.  BENNETT  A  COMPANY,  WESTERVILLE,  OHIO. 


Make  Boy’s  Work 
of  Plowing 

Any  boy  who  can  drive  can  plow  with 

WINNER  PLOW  TRUCKS 

because  they  hold  the  plow.  No  need  to  use  your 
hands  at  all,  not  even  in  turning.  They  take 

all  the  slavisbness  out  ot 
plowing.  No  more  jerking 
or  lame  backs.  Easier  on 
horses,  too.  Draft  is  actually 
less  because  all  weight  is  car¬ 
ried  on  wheels  Instead  of  drag¬ 
ging  on  plow  bottoms.  Make 
straight  furrows,  lay 
them  nicer,  regulate 
depth  and  width.  Fit 
any  plow  beam,  steel  or 
wood.  1  J  Days  Free 
Trial.  Money  cheerfully 
refunded  if  not  satisfactory.  F'  ee  cata¬ 
log  gives  all  information.  Write  forlt. 

L.  R.  LEWIS,  Box  F,  Cortland,  N.  Y. 


lipiiii  a  ”  *i  Us  Prairie  Dogs, 
™  m  m  Woodchucks.  Gophers, 

and  Grain  Insects. 
"The  wheels  ot  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

Lwith  “Puma  Carbon  Bisulphide ”  are  doing. 

EDWARD  R.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. 


FUMA 


PAYS  FOR  ITSELF  EVERY  THIRTY  DAYS 


1 


fCUTS1 

pTHE50IL 
8>  TWICER 


I 


Without  a  doubt  Clark’s  Double  Action  “Cutaway”  Harrow  with  Jointed  Polo 
is  a  most  wonderful  farm  tool.  It  cuts  the  soil  twice,  throwing  it  in  opposite 
directions,  filling  In  the  hollows,  thus  leveling  the  land  Ail  Single  Action 
Harrows  have  to  be  Driven  in  Half  Lap. 

It  Is  drawn  by  two  medium  horses.  It  can  be  set 
to  move  the  earth  but  little,  or  at  so  great  an 
angle  as  to  move  the  earth  eight  or  nine  inches. 

Runs  true  in  line  of  draft.  A  customer 
wrote  recently  that  his  “Cutaway” 
pays  for  Itself  every  thirty  days  in 
‘labor  saved. 

The  Jointed  Pole  takes  all  weight  off  the  horses’  necks, 
and  keeps  thei:-"  heels  away  from  the  disks. 

We  make  a  “Cutaway”  for  every  crop.  Every  need  is 
fully  supplied  by  the  different  styles  of  genuine  “Cut¬ 
away”  Tools.  If  your  dealer  won’t  supply  you,  we  will. 

Write  us.  “Intensive  Cultivation,”  our  new  booklet, 
is  free.  Send  a  postal  to-day. 

CUTAWAY  HARROW  CO.,  839  Main  Street; 


V, 

10<R£  CROPS 

HIGGANUM,  CONN. 


the  man  behind  the  Plow  wants  a  Good  Fertilizer. 
For  the  Land’s  sake  give  him  the  real  Farm 
Chemical,  such  as  : 

Nitrate  of  SodLa 
Muriate  of  Potash. 
Sulphate  of  Potash 
Kainit 

Our  40  years  of  experience,  prompt  service,  best  facilities,  are  back  of 
every  bag  of  these  Genuine  Materials.  We  advise  to  buy  now,  prompt 
service.  Write  us  for  Prices  TO-DAY.  Any  amount  from  20olb  bag  up. 

FARMERS  UNITED  CHEMICAL  CO. 

Box  317  Reading,  Pa. 


1911 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


359 


From  the  New  England  Homestead  for  the  Week  Ending  February  20,  1910. 


America’s  Greatest  Corn  Yield 

Keen  Interest  in  Corn  Growing  in  New  England— What  Other  Pa^rts  of  the  Country  Have  Accomplished- 
Some  Magnificent  Records  of  Corn  Yield  on  Old  Soils-— A  Massachusetts  Inquirer  Answered— 
Interesting  Features  Outlined— Heavy  Manuring  for  Best  Results 


Recently  I  saw  an  article  in  The  New  England  Homestead  where 
the  editor  attended  the  corn  husking  at  the  Brewer  farm,  and  where 
he  states  that  the  yield  was  127  bushels  shelled  corn  to  the  acre.  Now, 

I  would  like  to  know  how  anyone  knows  that  the  yield  was  as 
indicated.  I  would  go  a  long  distance  to  see  100  bushels  shelled  corn, 
honest  measure,  grown  on  an  acre  of  land  in  New  England.  One 
cannot  tell  the  yield  until  the  following  March,  when  the  corn  is 
cured  out,  unless  it  be  kiln -dried.  I  am  something  of  a  sceptic,  and 
believe,  with  the  late  R.  N.  Oak  man,  there  was  never  100  bushels 
shelled  corn,  honest  measure,  produced  on  an  acre  of  New  England 
soil.—  H.  C.  Haskell,  Franklin  County,  Mass. 

It  is  not  surprising  that  Mr.  Haskell  questions  the  report  on  yields 
of  corn.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  average  for  the  United  States  is 
only  about  26  bushels  to  the  acre,  and  farmers  in  general  consider  a 
crop  of  100  bushels  ear  corn  to  the  acre  a  mighty  good  one.  In  this 
connection,  however,  let  it  be  recalled  that  track  in  1889  was  produced 
the  prize  acre  of  corn  ever  grown  in  America.  This  prize  acre  gave 
255  bushels  shelled  corn  as  it  came  from  the  field.  But  this  was  the 
green  weight,  product  being  lield  dried.  Therefore,  Dr.  W.  B.  Barney, 

For  further  description  of  this  corn  crop  grown  by  Z.  J.  Drake 
see  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURIST ,  December  3 ,  1910 

American  Agriculturist  Corn  Contest 

Described  in  “The  Book  of  Corn,”  Pages  353-359.  Orange  Judd  &  Company.  Under  direction  of  Herbert  Myrick. 

First  Crop,  Z.  J.  Drake,  Marlborough  County,  South  Carolina. 

BUSHELS  (GREEK  WEIGHT).  BUSHELS  (CRIB  CURED).  TOTAL  EXPENSE.  NET  EXPENSE,  PER  BUSHEL 

Yield,  one  acre  255-  239  $264  44  cents 

Fertilizer  and  manure  used  on  one  acre  :  1,000  bushels  of  stable  manure,  4,800  lbs.  Manipulated  Guano,  1,800  lbs.  Cotton  Seed  Meal, 

400  lbs.  Bone  and  Acid  Phosphate  Top  Dressing  in  May  ;  400  lbs.  Nitrate  of  Soda.  Total,  7,400  lbs.  fertilizer  .in  addition  to  the 
stable  manure.  Variety  corn,  Southern  White  Dent. 


under  the  direction  of  J.  B.  McBryde,  director  of  the  South  Carolina 
station,  analyzed  a  fair  sample  of  the  corn  and  found  it  conained  only 
15%  water.  Therefore,  the  255  bushels  of  shelled  corn  actually  con¬ 
tained  217  bushels  dry  matter  in  the  kernels  without  any  water 
whatsoever.  On  the  customary  basis  of  10%  water  for  thoroughly 
crib-cured  old  corn,  or  kiln-dried  corn  the  yield  was  229  bushels 
shelled  corn  from  a  single  acre. 

Remember  this  crop  was  raised  by  Z.  J.  Drake,  of  Marlboro  County, 
S.  C.,  in  1889.  He  received  $500  in  gold  from  American  Agriculturist, 
the  Journal  which  originated  and  conducted  the  contest,  and  a 
similar  sum  was  given  him  by  the  South  Carolina  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture. 

The  second  largest  crop  grown  in  that  remarkable  contest  was  by 
Alfred  Rose,  of  Yates  County,  N.  Y.  His  yield  was  15,898  pounds 
corn  on  the  ear,  averaging  26%  cob,  or  213  bushels  shelled  corn,  green 
weight,  or  191  bushels  crib  cured,  and  174  bushels  actual  dry  matter. 
This  contest  attracted  world-wide  attention ;  and  has  since  been  quoted 
freely  by  leading  authorities  of  America.  There  were  several  contes¬ 
tants  who  harvested  more  than  100  bushels  shelled  corn  to  the  acre. 


Second  Crop,  Alfred  Rose,  Yates  County,  New  York. 

BUSHELS  (GREEN  WEIGHT).  BUSHELS  (CRIB  CURED).  TOTAL  EXPENSE.  NET  EXPENSE,  PER  BUSHEL 

Yield,  one  acre  213  191  $62  16  cents 

Fertilizers  used  on  one  acre:  800  lbs.  Mapes  Corn  Manure  alone.  No  Stable  manure.  Soil,  sandy  loam.  Variety  corn,  Early 
Mastodon. — From  The  American  Agriculturist. 

The  Great  Corn  Contest  of  the  American  Agriculturist.  45  Crops  in  all. 

Crops  213,  1 19  and  95  bushels  each;  Grown  on  one  measured  acre  exclusively  with  the  MAPES  CORN  MANURE 

Of  this  great  crop,  213  bushels  shelled  corn,  grown  in  Yates  County,  N.  Y.,  with  the  Mapes  Corn  Manure  (800 
pounds  per  acre)  exclusively,  the  American  Agriculturist  says:  “If  we  allow  only  $15  as  the  value  of  the  tops  for  fodder, 
and  make  no  account  of  the  bottom  stalks,  the  cost  comes  within  twenty  cents  a  bushel  (shelled  corn).” 

The  LARGEST  corn  crop  grown  with  fertilizers  OTHER  THAN  the  Mapes  (45  crops  in  all)  was  84  BUSHELS 
(chemically  dried,  60  bushels.) 

Some  large  crops  grown  with  the  Mapes  Corn  Manure,  and  reported  in  the  Agricultural  Press. 

1,040  bushels  of  corn  (ears)  on  less  than  4 y2  acres,  equal  to  233 >2  bushels,  or  116)4 -bushels  shelled  corn,  per  acre,  grown  ou  farm  of 
Rural  New-Yorker ,  with  the  Mapes  Corn  Manure. 

Ninety  bushels  (shelled)  with  500  pounds  per  acre.  150  bushels  (shelled)  with  600  pounds  per  acre.  Value  of  the  grain  alone  over  hve 
times  as  . much. as  the  cost  of  the  fertilizer — American  Agriculturist . 

Eight  hundred  and  fifty  six  bushels  (ears)  on  four  acres.  159.37  bushels  on  one  acre.  125.37  bushels  on  one  acre.  Nothing  used  but 

the  Mapes — Rural  Neic  Yorker.  . . 

On  two  acres,  600  pounds  of  Mapes  alone,  broadcast,  198  bushels  shelled  corn.  On  three  acres,  same  fertilizer,  same  quantity  489 
bushels  (ears).  Grown  by  Dr.  Henry  Stewart. — New  England  Homestead . 

One  hundred  and  eighty  bushels  of  ears  per  acre  ;  shelled,  98.45  bushels.  2,058  bushels  (ears)  on  16  acres.  Only  Mapes  (8Q0  pounds 
per  acre)  used. — Connecticut  Farmer. 


Corn  &  Renovating  Crop. — From  the  American  Agriculturist. 

The  Mapes  Corn  Manure  alone  was  used  on  the  large  crops  recently  described  in  the  American  Agriculturist,  but 
such  yields  are  possible  only  by  an  exceptional  combination  of  season,  sunshine,  moisture,  soil,  texture  and  fertilization, 
and  by  the  use  of  seed  that  will  produce  two  or  more  ears  per  stalk.  Corn  is  a  comparatively  sure  crop,  and  Prof.  Mapes 
says  that,  with  judicious  fertilization,  it  can  be  made  a  renovating  crop  and  not  an  exhausting  crop  as  is  generally  supposed, 
bringing  up  the  land  to  good  condition  for  grass  or  general  crops,  besides  making  money  from  the  start,  and  having  field 
left  clean  and  free  of  weeds. 

Descriptive  pamphlet  for  1911 — “The  Mapes  Manures  and  How  to  Use  Them” — 
mailed  free.  Also  pamphlets  on  Tobacco,  Market  Truck,  Fruit  Trees  and 
Small  Fruits,  including  Oranges,  Pineapples,  etc.,  in  Florida,  West  Indies,  etc. 

The  MAPES  FORMULA  &  PERUVIAN  GUANO  CO. 

143  Liberty  Street,  New  York 


360 


THE  RURAL.  NEW-YORKER 


FRUITS  FOR  WISCONSIN. 

E.  8.  K.,  Illinois.  What  varieties  of 
apples,  pears,  cherries,  grapes,  plums, 
peaches,  also  of  the  cane  fruits,  for  central 
Wisconsin,  and  will  any  of  the  black  or 
sweet  cherries  do  well  there?  Are  there 
any  varieties  of  English  walnuts  or  chest¬ 
nuts  that  you  could  recommend  as  hardy 
enough  for  that  region  ?  The  thermometer 
registers  25  to  35  degrees  below  zero  in 
coldest  weather. 

Ans. — Only  the  hardiest  of  fruits  can 
endure  the  climatic  conditions  of  central 
Wisconsin.  There  are  some  apples  that 
are  usually  able  to  endure  the  Winters 
safely,  and  a  few  kinds  of  pears,  cherries 
and  plums,  but  no  peaches.  Grapes  and 
the  bush  fruits  can  be  grown  very  well 
if  the  tops  are  laid  on  the  ground  and 
covered  on  the  approach  of  cold  weather. 
Of  the  nut  trees  there  is  no  use  even 
to  think  of  planting  Persian  (English) 
walnuts,  and  chestnuts  are  of  doubtful 
character.  Possibly  it  might  pay  to  try 
a  few  of  the  nuts  of  our  wild  American 
species,  which  is  hardy  in  the  New  Eng¬ 
land  States.  None  of  the  European  or 
Japanese  chestnuts  will  live  there.  Of 
apples  the  following  may  be  depended 
upon  as  being  among  the  hardiest  of  the 
many  varieties  that  have  been  tested: 
Wealthy,  Oldenburg,  Patten  Greening, 
Okabena,  Pewaukee,  Liveland  Rasp¬ 
berry  and  Yellow  Transparent.  The 
Flemish  Beauty  is  the  hardiest  of  the 
good  pears,  so  far  as  I  have  seen  them 
growing  in  Wisconsin.  The  Richmond 
and  common  Morello  cherries  have 
sometimes  safely  passed  the  Winters. 
There  are  a  number  of  plums  that  are 
very  hardy,  but  they  are  nearly  all  of 
the  wild  type  of  Prunus  Americana  that 


is  safe,  and  it  will  help  very  materially 
in  checking  the  apple  scab.  It  is  safe 
to  use  it  up  until  time  blossoms  begin 
to  show  pink.  But  all  should  be  finished 
by  this  time,  even  then  some  burning 
will  be  done.  However  this  seems  to  do 
no  harm,  as  it  disappears  rapidly  and  no 
signs  of  it  can  be  found  in  a  few  days. 
The  concentrated  lime-sulphur  is  not 
safe  to  use  on  peaches  and  plums  as  a 
Summer  spray  of  any  kind  at  a  less  dilu¬ 
tion  than  one  to  100,  and  one  to  150  is 
safer  and  I  believe  as  efficient  in  con¬ 
trolling  brown  rot. 

The  self-boiled  mixture  (which  is  a 
misnomer,  as  no  boiling  should  take 
place  to  be  perfectly  safe,)  is  safer,  and 
has  given  better  results,  in  controlling 
brown  rot.  It  is  made  by  putting  eight 
pounds  stone  lime  in  a  barrel ;  put  on 
water  enough  to  cover  the  lime;  as  soon 
as  the  lime  begins  to  slake  add  eight 
pounds  sulphur,  preferably  put  through 
a  sieve  (a  box  of  any  convenient  size 
with  the  bottom  knocked  out  and  cov¬ 
ered  with  ordinary  fly  screen  makes  a 
good  sieve  for  this).  Keep  stirred  well, 
and  add  water  to  keep  from  burning. 
As  soon  as  lime  is  all  slaked  and  lime 
and  sulphur  has  been  well  stirred  to¬ 
gether  add  water  to  make  50  gallons. 
Strain  out  coarse  particles  of  lime,  but 
work  all  lumps  of  sulphur  fine  and  into 
the  mixture  when  it  is  ready  to  use.  If 
used  for  rot  alone  it  should  be  applied 
three  to  four  weeks  after  the  petals  fall, 
and  again  about  one  month  before  fruit 
is  expected  to  ripen.  If  for  curculio  too, 
then  add  two  pounds  arsenate  of  lead 
to  50  gallons  of  mixture,  spray  when 
shucks  are  shedding,  again  about  four 
weeks  after  blossoms  have  fallen,  and 
again  four  weeks  before  fruit  should 
ripen,  omitting  arsenate  of  lead  at  last 
spraying.  w.  h. 

NATURAL  BRACE  FOR  GATE  POST. 

The.  accompanying  sketch  shows  a  new 
idea  in  gate-post  construction  I  saw 


NATURAL  BRACE  FOR  A  GATE  POST.  Fig.  120. 


grow  in  Minnesota  and  elsewhere  in 
the  extreme  North.  Of  the  choice  va¬ 
rieties  Hawkeye,  Brittlewood,  Stoddard, 
Van  Deman  and  DeSoto  are  some  of 
the  best.  Any  of  the  ordinary  grapes 
will  succeed,  such  as  Concord,  Dela¬ 
ware,  Niagara,  Brighton,  Campbell  and 
Salem.  Of  the  bush  fruits  the  red  rasp¬ 
berries  are  among  the  best.  Loudon 
and  Cuthbert  are  two  good  ones.  Briton 
and  Snyder  are  good  blackberries.-  Red 
Cross,  Diploma  and  Perfection  are  all 
very  good  currants.  Houghton  and 
Downing  two  of  the  best  gooseberries 
for  the  far  north.  h.  e.  van  deman. 


GENERAL  QUESTIONS  ABOUT  LIME- 
SULPHUR. 

A.  B.  Holland,  Mich. — I  have  been  fol¬ 
lowing  with  great  interest  your  accounts 
of  the  use  of  lime  and  sulphur  spray  for 
various  purposes.  There  are  two  points 
about  the  use  of  lime-sulphur  on  which  I 
desire  information.  Is  the  lime  and  sulphur 
equally  as  good  as  the  Bordeaux  when  used 
as  a  preventive  of  the  apple  scab,  before 
the  blossoms  open  ?  Will  the  commercial 
lime  and  sulphur,  used  say  one  to  40,  pre¬ 
vent  the  rot  on  peaches  and  plums  as  well 
as  the  self-boiled  mixture?  I  tried  it  in 
a  small  way  for  both  purposes  last  season. 
Before  using -it  again  I  would  like  to  know 
what  results  others  have  had.  I  thought 
I  sprayed  at  just  the  right  time  and  I  tried 
to  do  a  good  job.  The  result  was  a  com¬ 
plete  failure  on  the  Shiawassee  Beauty  ;  a 
partial  success  on  the  Red  Astrachan,  with 
good  results  on  the  Jersey  Sweet,  Spitzen- 
burg,  and  R.  I.  Greening.  1  also  sprayed 
ray  Barnard  peaches  to  prevent  rot.  The 
crop  of  peaches  was  light,  with  but  little 
rot.  My  plums  wTere  all  killed  by  the  Spring 
frosts,  so  having  some  solution  left  I  went 
to  one  of  my  neighbors  who  had  one  Lom¬ 
bard  tree  heavily  loaded.  We  sprayed  it 
thoroughly ;  result,  a  fine  crop  with  no  rot. 
But  there  may  not  have  been  any  rot 
here  this  season  anyway,  our  March  Sum¬ 
mer  and  May  Winter  causing  such  a  light 
crop  of  fruit  as  to  render  results  doubtful. 
As  a  remedy  for  the  scale  and  peach  leaf- 
curl,  the  commercial  solution  gave  good  re¬ 
sults,  used  five  gallons  solution  to  45  of 
water,  used  at  the  rate  of  1-40.  There 
was  no  damage  to  foliage  on  either  apple, 
pear,  peach,  plum  or  cherry. 

Ans. — If  you  can  see  your  way  clear 
to  make  an  application  of  Bordeaux 
between  yottr  first  spraying  and  opening 
of  blossoms,  undoubtedly  that  is  best. 
If  not,  then  hold  back  your  first  appli¬ 
cation  of  lime-sulphur,  on  such  varieties 
as  are  most  subject  to  scab,  as  late  as  it 


sometime  ago.  The  post  is  cut  with  a 
large  wide  limb,  and  if  this  limb,  as  well 
as  the  post,  has  a  fork  at  the  lower 
end,  it.  will  be  much  more  substantial. 
This  seems  to  be  an  improvement  over 
the  common  diagonal  bracing  from  post 
to  post,  which  is  difficult  to  fasten  at  the 
top.  JOS.  N.  PARKER. 

Virginia. 

,  - 


ALPHA 

PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


Standard  Among  Drilling  Machines 

The  oldest  established  manufacturers,  the  largest 
line  of  drilling  machines  and  tools,  and  41  years 
of  successful  operation  in  nearly  every  country 
in  the  world,  make 

American  Drilling  Machines 

Standard  the  world  over. 

For  every  possible  condition  of  earth 
and  rock  drilling  and  mineral  pros¬ 
pecting  we  make  a  drill  espe¬ 
cially  designed  for  the  re¬ 
quirement. 

Catalog  No,  105,  the  most 
complete  “drill  hole”  catalog 
ever  Issued,  Free. 

The  American  Well  Works 

General  Office  and  Works, 

Aurora,  III. 


Chicago  Office:  First  Na¬ 
tional  Bank  Bldg. 


Wit  ex  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  20. 


For  All  Kinds  of 

SPRAYING 

“no  other  sprayers  can  do  the 
work  as  effectually,  economl- 
~~  —  cally  and  rapidly  as 

,  Brown’s  Hand  &  Power 

|  AUTO-SPRAYS 

—40  styles,  sizes  and  prices  to 
choose  from — one  to  suit  vout 
needs-  Auto-Spray  No.  1,  fit¬ 
ted  with  Auto-Pop  Nozzle,  has 
force  enough  for  tall  trees, 
seconds’  pumping  gives  power 
for  10  minutes’  spraying.  4-gallon  tank  easily 
carried  over  shoulder.  Sprays  stream  or  fine 
Saves  solution.  Auto-Spray  Np.11 
6  rows  of  potatoes  at  once— any 
width.  Constant  pressure  up  to 

160  lb..  No  expense  for  power.  Pit  tod  with 
Non-clog  Atomic  Noulc  —  *3ju«t»b]o  for 
forceful  Btrc&m  or  light  mist.  Writ# 
postal  now  for  our  book  and 

SPRAYING  GUIDE  FREE 

Show*  what  and  when  to  *pray.  Quota* 
price*  on  tho  sprayer  for  you,  whether 
baud,  gasoline  or  traction  power.  Writ* 
— *al  for  book  now. 


mint. 
— sprays 


The 

E.  C.  Brown 
Company 


28  Jay  St##  Rochester.  N 


On  Free  Trial  ADVANCE^  No 

bank  deposit.  Shipped  to  you  at  dealers’ 
wholesale  prices.  We  pay  freight. 


THE  HURST  POTATO  AND  ORCHARD  SPRAYER 

This  Machine 
Sprays  Anything 

Potatoes,  orchards,  vineyards,  truck,  etc. 
Cheap  in  price,  light,  strong  and  durable. 
High  pressure  from  big  wheel.  Pushes 
easy,  as  it  is  well-balanced.  Vapor  spray; 
prevents  blight,  scab,  rot  and  bugs. 
Doubles  your  crop.  Brass  ball-valves, 
brass  plunger,  strainer,  etc.  Guaranteed 
for  5  years. 

SHIPPED  OH  FREE  TRIAL 

Without  a-oent-in-advance.  Test  these 
sprayers  with  your  money  in  your  pocket, 

and  then  if  you  buy,  pay  us  out  of  the 
extra  profit.  Don’t  pay  the  deal¬ 
er’s  profit,  but  order  direct  from 
us  and  get  wholesale  prices.  The 
Hurst  Horse-Powar  Sprayer 
(shown  below)  is  for  large  fruit, 
grape  and  potato  growers.  “  No 
tree  too  high,  no  field  too  big  for 
this  king  of  sprayers.”  Fltz  -  All 
Barrel  Sprayer  fits  any  barrel  or  tank. 
Furnished  plain,  on  barrel  or  on  wheels. 
High  pressure,  perfect  agitation, .easy  to 
operate.  Brass  ball  valves,  plunger, 
automatic  strainer,  etc.  Write  to-day 
and  tell  us  which 
machine  you  are  in¬ 
terested  in — and  you’ll 
get  our  Catalog  of  all¬ 
kinds- of- sprayers  ($3 
to$ioo),  spraying- 
guide,  and  special 
free  sprayer  offer  for 
first  in  each  locality 
this  season.  Do  it 
now. 

H.  Li  Hurst  Mfg.  Co. 

285  North  St.,  Canton,  Ohio 


March  18, 


Fruit  Without 
Spraying 


as  impossible  as  good  crops  from 
poor  seed.  You  will  more  than 
double  your  crop  if  you  will 
spray  your  trees  with  the 


CRESTLINE 

Double  Acting  Barrel 

SPRAY  PUMP 

It  is  the  simplest  and  most 
effective  sprayer  made.  Any 
one  can  use  it  and  the  in¬ 
creased  yield  of  fruit  the 
first  year  will  more  than 
pay  for  it.  Descriptive  cir¬ 
cular  free,  Write  today. 

THE  CRESTLINE  MFG.  CO. 
35  Henry  Street,  Crestline,  Ohio 


DEFEND  YOUR  FRUIT  TREES 


From  Sat)  Jose  Scale  and  fungus 
diseased  with  a  Defender  Sprayer. 
Powerful  two-line  spraying  ap¬ 
paratus.  Made  of  brass;  perfect 
construction.  Quickly  attached 
to  barrel;  easy  working.  Saved 
time,  labor  and  fruit.  Satisfac^ 
tion  gun  inn  t  eed. 

Descriptive  circular  and  price 
list  free.  Write  today. 

C.  S.  HARDER, 

Box  75,  CatskHI,  N.  Y. 


ray  with  the  Comet 
Surest  Results 


Price 

$3.50 

to 

$4.50 

Agents 

Wanted 


Comet  Sprayers  are  Easiest  to  Operate 


Simplest  in  construction— foot  Rest  is  at¬ 
tached  or  detached  instantly— Have  complete 
Agitator  and  Brass  Screen  which  prevent 
clogging  of  pump.  Tli in  double  actiny  spray  throws 
a  continuous  stream  60  feet  or  spray  flue  as  innist. 
The  fruit  saved  from  a  choice  tree  will  more  than 
pay  for  it.  You  need  It  for  your  orchard,  vines, 
lawns  and  plants.  Very  durable— all  brass.  Weighs 
only  6  pounds.  Thousands  of  fruit  growers  and 
farmers  have  proved  it  a  success.  Just  try  it  for 
applying  liquid  poisons,  fertiliizers,  etc.  The  re- 
sultswill  surpriseyou.  Best  proposition  for  agents. 
Send  us  a  postal  for  full  information  about  this 
superior  sprayer  vow.  Get  after  the  tree  and  plant 
pests  early  and  make  more  money. 


H.  B.  RUSLER  MFG.  CO, 

Dept.  6  JOHNSTOWN.  OHIO 


SAVE  HALF  Your 
Paint  Bills 

By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT  —  proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 
Only  Paint  endorsed  by  the  “Grange.” 
Made  in  all  colors, — for  all  purposes. 

DELIVERED  FREE. 

From  the  Mill  Direct  to  You  at  Factory  Prices. 

INGERSOLL  PAINT  BOOK  — FREE 


j»vw  uv  ttvum  uuuihu  »na  expense  caused  f>y  paint* 
fading,  chalking  and  peeling.  Valuable  information 
free  to  you.  with  Sample  Color  Cards,  Write  me.  DO 
IT  NOW.  I  can  lave  you  money. 

0.  W.  Ingersoll,  246  Plymouth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N. V. 


Satisfaction 


ranteed  Users 


o.  K. 
Champion 
Machines 
Are 

Reliable 

OUR  PRICES 
AND  QUALITY 
ARE  RIGHT 

Our  O.  K.  Champion  Planter  makes  and  saves  the 
owner  money.  One  man  and  team  plant  five  or  eix  acre*  of 
potatoes  a  day  accurately  and  easily.  Learn  more  about  this 
and  our  line  of  potato  diggers,  etc.  Let  u*  send  you  our  free 
Catalog.  Write  today.  Dealers  soil  our  machines. 


Champion  Potato  Machinery  Co. 

151  Chicago  Ave.,  Hammond,  Ind. 


NOVO 

3  Sizes — NOVO  Jr.;  2l/2  and  3*4  H.P. 

Consists  of  perfectly  standardized  NOVO  Gasoline  Engine  and 
standard  pump  on  strong  yet  light-weight  foundation.  Speed  reduction 
by  strong  cut  gears. 

Engine  quickly  detachable  from  sprayer — 
for  use  in  other  farm  work.  Its  light  weight 
makes  it  readily  portable. 

FREE  BOOK— “How  to  Spray” 

Prof.  Taft  of  Michigan  Agricultural  College 


NO  lANI< 

noTvTn 


writes“Up-To-Date  Spraying.”  It’s  free 
upon  request. 


HILDRETH  MFG.  CO* 

C.  E.  BEMENT,  Sec.  and  Gen.  Mgr. 
116  Willow  Street, 

no  Freezing  lading. 


V  -v 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


361 


Pumping  Questions. 

E.  E.  II.  (No  Address). — I  have  a  well 
30  feet  deep  that  always  has  from  7.5  to 
8.5  feet  of  water.  I  want  to  put  a  pump 
over  it.  How  many  feet  from  the  surface 
of  the  water  should  the  cylinder  of  the 
pump  be  placed  so  as  to  get  the  full  benefit 
of  the  atmospheric  pressure?  If  the  cylin¬ 
der  was  down  at  the  water  the  water  would 
have  to  be  raised  by  labor ;  if  the  pump 
cylinder  was  near  the  top  the  atmospheric 
pressure  would  drive  the  water  up  to  it. 
At  what  level  in  the  well  is  it  best  to 
place  the  cylinder? 

Ans. — Placing  the  cylinder  of  a 
pump  high  above  the  water  in  a  well 
gives  no  mechanical  advantage  whatever 
in  reducing  the  labor  of  pumping. _  The 
pressure  of  the  air  on  the  water  in  the 
well  becomes  effective  in  lifting  the 
water  through  the  suction  pipe  into  the 
cylinder  only  after  the  pressure  of  the 
air  on  the  water  in  the  cylinder  has  been 
lifted  off  by  raising  the  piston,  so  that 
in  pumping  the  pressure  of  the  air  on 
the  water  in  the  cylinder  has  to  be  over¬ 
come,  and  the  force  required  to  do  this 
is  exactly  equal  to  the  lifting  power  of 
the  atmosphere  wherever  the  cylinder  is 
placed.  It  is  always  best  to  place  the 
cylinder  as  low  in  the  well  as  practicable, 
and  the  pump  works  the  easiest  possible, 
especially  if  the  piston  is  large  and  rapid 
pumping  is  desired,  when  the  cylinder  is 
in  or  near  the  water.  If  the  cylinder  is 
placed  near  the  upper  limit  to  which  the 
atmosphere  can  raise  the  column  of 
water,  a  rapid  stroke  of  the  piston  may 
move  it  much  faster  than  the  pressure 
of  the  air  can  raise  the  water,  and  if 
this  is  the  case  a  vacuum  is  formed  un¬ 
der  the  piston  and  more  pressure  is  re¬ 
quired  to  raise  it. 

In  the  case  of  the  correspondent  the 
piston  must  lift  not  less  than  the  equiv¬ 
alent  of  a  column  of  water  25  feet  high, 
supposing  seven  feet  of  water  in  the  well 
and  the  spout  of  the  pump  two  feet 
above  the  ground.  If  the  piston  were 
placed  at  the  highest  point  possible  in 
the  well,  a  rapid  stroke  might  make  a 
90  or  95  per  cent  vacuum  under  it  and 
force  enough  would  have  to  be  exerted 
to  lift  a  column  of  water  not  less  than 
29  or  30  feet  high,  while  if  the  cylinder 
were  placed  low  down  the  maximum  lift 
would  be  a  column  equal  to  the  distance 
from  the  water  in  the  well  to  the  dis¬ 
charge  in  the  pump,  which,  in  this  case, 
would  be  not  more  than  25  feet.  It 
should  be  remembered  that  atmospheric 
pressure  does  no  lifting  until  after  its 
weight  has  been  lifted  off  the  water,  so 
that  the  full  lifting  force  of  the  water 
must  first  be  overcome.  In  practice  it  is 
usual  to  place  one  length  of  pipe  below 
the  cylinder,  as  this  saves  cutting  pipe 
and  threading  it,  and  places  the  cylinder 
near  enough  the  water  for  most  purposes 
where  slow  pumping  only  occurs.  The 
more  rapid  the  pumping  the  nearer  the 
cylinder  should  be  to  the  water  so  as  to 
avoid  any  considerable  vacuum  under  it, 
as  this  vacuum  pressure  is  added  to  the 
pressure  of  the  water  above  the  piston. 

F.  H.  KING. 


Rye  or  Oats. 

I  have  a  field  of  six  acres  where  I  had 
corn  last  year  and  intended  to  put  into 
oats  this  Spring.  It  is  Highly  elevated  and 
is  a  gravel  soil.  I  see  in  the  different  seed 
catalogues  that  Spring  rye  is  greatly  ad¬ 
vocated  in  preference  to  oats ;  that  rye  pro¬ 
duces  from  30  to  40  bushels  per  acre.  Hye 
Is  worth  85  cents  per  bushel.  I  am  located 
in  the  eastern  part  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
would  like  your  opinion  in  the  matter.  We 
raise  from  20  to  30  bushels  of  oats  per 
acre.  w.  a.  m. 

Slatington,  Pa. 

We  should  go  slow  in  substituting  Spring 
rye  entirely  for  oats.  There  is  an  imported 
German  rye,  which  seeded  in  Spring,  grows 
a  fair  yield.  We  doubt  if  it  will  outyield 
oats,  and  our  advice  is  to  try  it  as  an  ex¬ 
periment  only  the  first  year. 


Facts  About  Virginia, 

What  kind  of  soil  lies  in  Buckingham 
County,  Virginia,  and  what  are  the  chief 
products  and  markets?  I  would  also  like 
to  know  something  about  the  tidewater 
region  from  Petersburg  south.  What  mar¬ 
ket  for  timber?  Could  a  man  with  small 
capital  and  a  willing  mind  to  work  succeed 
In  either  place?  t.  c. 

Indiana. 

Buckingham  County,  Virginia,  has  the 
usual  red  clay  soils  of  the  Piedmont  sec¬ 
tion.  Like  most  of  this  section  the  lands 
are  apt  to  wash  with  shallow  plowing 
and  absence  of  sod,  but  are  easily  brought 
up  to  a  high  state  of  productiveness  by 
good  farming.  The  crops  are  largely  to¬ 
bacco,  wheat  and  corn.  The  lands  from 
Petersburg  to  Norfolk  are  generally  of  a 
level,  light  and  more  or  less  sandy  surface. 
It  is  largely  a  peanut  section,  especially  in 
Prince  George  and  Isle  of  Wight  counties. 
In  Isle  of  Wright  there  is  a  large  industry 
in  hogs  and  the  making  of  a  high  class  of 
hams  and  bacon.  The  hams  of  Smithfield 
have  a  great  reputation  all  over  the  coun¬ 
try,  and  sell  for  higher  prices  than  any 
hams  in  this  country.  Timber  is  not  so 
plentiful  as  it  was,  but  there  is  always  a 
market  for  good  timber  or  sawed  lumber 
In  Petersburg  and  Norfolk.  About  Peters¬ 
burg  and  Smithfield  lands  are  high,  but  be¬ 
tween  Smithfield  and  Suffolk  there  are 
plenty  of  cheap  lands,  where  a  man  of 
energy  can  soon  do  well.  These  lands  are 
more  easily  cultivated  and  improved  than 
the  Piedmont  soils,  and  are  adapted  to  the 
purposes  of  the  market  gardener,  for  about 
Norfolk  there  is  the  largest  gardening  area 
in  the  country.  w.  f.  massey. 


MORE  ABOUT  MANURE  SPREADERS. 
This  Spreader  Leads. 

I  read  Albert  II.  I)e  Graff’s  article, 
“Both  sides  of  the  Manure  Spreader."  I 
have  not  much  to  say  iu  regard  to  both 
sides,  but  am  in  favor  of  a  spreader.  Mr. 
DeGraff  speaks  of  the  interest  on  the 
money  invested,  and  $10  for  repairs.  I 
would  figure  that  $6  for  interest  would  not 
more  than  pay  for  the  convenience  of  hav¬ 
ing  it  to  use  when  I  wanted  it  without 
having  to  go  a  mile  or  so  to  get  it.  Ten 
dollars  for  repairs  is  rather  high,  according 
to  my  experience  of  four  years’  usage.  Re¬ 
pairs,  most  of  which  were  due  to  breaking 
through  a  bridge,  have  not  exceeded  $15 
for  the  whole  four  years.  Manure  spread¬ 
ers  have  their  faults  as  well  as  men.  None 
is  perfect.  I  have  one  which  will  carry 
about  GO  bushels,  and  is  intended  to  be 
drawn  by  three  horses,  but  I  have  a  2,200- 
pound  to'aiu  that  has  always  drawn  it  with 
the  exception  of  about  three  days.  Gener¬ 
ally,  we  draw  about  20  loads  per  day,  de¬ 
pending  somewhat  on  the  distance  and  the 
amount  per  acre.  It  takes  as  much  driving 
to  put  on  six  loads  per  acre  as  it  does  25, 
but  the  draft  is  not  quite  as  heavy. 

We  have  a  cement  lloor  in  our  cow  barn, 
so  that  none  of  the  liquid  escapes.  By 
using  plenty  of  bedding  this  is  absorbed 
and  saved.  We  transfer  the  manure  from 
the  stable  to  a  shed  near  it  by  means  of 
a  litter  carrier.  The  straw  in  the  pile, 
after  a  few  days’  dumping,  causes  manure 
to  heat  and  keeps  it  from  freezing.  We 


also  have  all  our  horses  in  box  stalls,  so 
about  once  in  two  weeks,  we  spend  a  day 
hauling  out  the  manure.  In  the  Winter  we 
much  prefer  to  have  three  or  four  inches 
of  snow  on  the  ground,  as  that  makes  a 
cushion  and  does  not  jar  the  spreader  at 
all.  Just  a  word  in  regard  to  the  care  of 
the  spreader.  It  should  be  kept  well  oiled 
and  clean,  as  a  heavy  coating  of  manure 
dried  on  it,  especially  on  the  bottom,  makes 
a  good  big  horse  difference,  and  a  great 
deal  more  strain  on  the  working  parts  when 
unloading.  The  best  method  I  have  found 
for  cleaning  spreader  is  using  boiling 
water  and  a  broom.  Cold  water,  or  slight¬ 
ly  warm,  will  not  penetrate  the  dried  man¬ 
ure.  A  spreader  cared  for  in  this  way 
should  last  a  long  tim<?.  F.  H.  Y. 

Bindley,  N.  Y. 


Finds  a  Spreader  Necessary. 

I  think  if  A.  II.  De  Graff’s  article  was  put 
in  the  balance,  he  would  find  his  own  state¬ 
ment  would  show  the  disadvantages  want¬ 
ing.  His  first  disadvantage  is  draft.  The 
spreaders  weigh  about  the  same  as  a  binder, 
and  I  think  we  could  discard  the  binder 
as  easily  as  we  could  the  spreader,  but  no 
farmer  will  put  from  three  to  five  horses 
to  the  binder.  We  use  two  1,050-pound 
horses  to  our  spreader,  and  if  the  field  is 
not  level  we  drive  to  the  highest  point  and 
spread  down  hill.  As  to  the  wheels  slip¬ 
ping  we  use  traction  mud  bands  or  chain  on 
tire,  and  are  able  to  use  the  spx-eader  at 
any  season  of  the  year,  save  in  deep  snow. 


We  have  a  large  enclosed  barnyard  with 
clay  bottom  tight  enough  to  hold  water, 
where  we  keep  our  milch  cows,  and  store 
the  horse  manure,  keeping  it  well  littered 
and  ventilated,  and  haul  the  manure  to  the 
fields  twice  a  year,  and  we  never  need  to 
haul  it  out  on  a  sled.  As  to  expense,  we 
have  had  our  spreader  two  years  and  have 
not  had  any  expense  connected  with  it  as 
yet.  We  hire  it  out  enough  to  pay  interest 
and  depreciation.  •  As  to  hiring  a  spreader 
every  one  knows  time  is  money  in  farm¬ 
ing,  and  I  would  not  want  to  wait  on 
my  neighbor  to  get  through  with  his 
spreader.  I  am  not  selling  manure  spread¬ 
ers,  nor  would  I  advise  a  farmer  to  buy 
one  unless  he  had  enough  manure  to  grant 
the  need  of  one.  But  I  have  a  warm  feel¬ 
ing  for  them.  I  have  one  with  a  continu¬ 
ous  apron,  two  cylinders  and  a  fan,  and 
it  is  almost  impossible  for  a  large  chunk 
of  manure  to  get  through  without  being 
torn  to  pieces.  harry  t.  Parker. 

Columbia  Co.,  Pa. 


Nigiitsoil. — S.  B.,  Glasgo,  Conn.,  asks 
about  nightsoil.  My  father  in  Connecticut 
used  large  quantities  in  1850  and  later;  he 
obtained  it  in  a  city  two  or  three  miles 
away,  and  had  to  be  careful  in  hauling  it. 
He  used  coal  ashes  as  a  base,  mixing  them 
as  conditions  required  and  with  paying  re¬ 
sults.  A  little  practice  will  enable  S.  B. 
or  anyone  to  handle  it  anywhere.  It  gives 
better  results  on  sandy  loam  than  on  that 
which  is  stiff  or  wet.  I  use  it  here  in 
Virginia  in  the  same  way.  s.  B. 


For  60 


March  &  April 
Save  Nearly 


Read  This  Boiled  Down  list 

It  will  give  yoa  a  faint  idea 
o!  the  values  this  sale  offers 

Bleached  Muslin 

15,000  boltsUho  lie  quality).  Per  yard,7c 

Percale 

at  manufacturer’s  prices.  12*g-cent  value 
tor,  per  yard . 7J4o 

Black  Taffeta  Silk 

Full  yard  wide,  only . 85c 

Gingham 

Solid  weave,  fine  quality.  10  yds.  for  49c 

Poplin 

The  kind  retail  stores  sell  for  25  cents. 
Our  sale  price,  per  yard . 1 2>4c 

Dotted  Swiss 

Fine  quality— price  for  00  days  only.  Per 
yard . I  Oc 

Panama  Cloth 

36-inch  all  worsted  Panama  cloth,  only 
per  yard . 38c 

Famous  Behrens’  Pongee  Silk 

10  colors,  only  per  yard . 38c 

Venetian  Spot  Silk 

Exactly  the  same  quality  that  regularly 
retails  at  45  cents  a  yurd.  Our  sale  price 
only . .23c 

Sheeting 

Unbleached,  68  in.  wide,  only  per  yd.  I  9c 
Bleached,  70  in.  wide.  Sale  price,  per 
yard . 21c 

Japonica  Silk 

In  14  colors  at  half  the  regular  price. 
Only,  per  yard . 25c 

Striped  Poplin 

Eleven  colors.  Regular  25-cent  value. 

Our  sale  price  only,  per  yard . I  2 lie 

Ladies'  Handkerchiefs 

Hemstitched  extra  fino  cambric.  This  is 
a  handkerchief  that  sells  everywhere  for 
10  cents  apiece.  Our  sale  price  only,  per 

dozen . 37c 

Ladies’  colored  border  hemstitched  hand¬ 
kerchiefs,  per  dozen  only . 28c 

Table  Linen 

Heavy  German  Dice  Damusk,  per  yd.  39c 
Heavy  Cream  All-Linen  Damask,  per 

yard . 48c 

Bleached  All-Linen  Satin  Damask,  per 

yard . SI  •  15 

Table  Cloths 

Hemmed  German  Table  Cloths.  Size. 

58x75  inches.  Each . Si. 19 

Silver  Bleached  Table  Cloths.  Size,  58x 

62  inches.  Each . SI. 15 

Bleached  Pure  Linen.  Size,  70x70  inches. 
Each . SI  .69 

Complete  Hemstitched 
Damask  Set 

Table  Cloth  and  six  Napkins.  Cloth  size 
62x80  inches.  Napkins  17x17  inches. 

Price  per  set . *$2.98 

Pillow  Shams 

Hemstitched  and  open  work.  Size  30x30 
Inches,  Only,  per  pair . 60c 

Piano  Scarf 

Beautiful  white  renaissance  Lace.  Size 

27x84  inches,  only . $2.98 

Towels. 

70,000  pieces  of  good  Bleached  Linen 
Crash  Toweling.  Worth  double  our  price. 

For  this  sale  only,  per  yard . 8c 

Fringed  Damask  Towels.  Unmatchable 

value.  17x38  inches,  only . I  5c 

White  Hemstitched  Huckaback,  20x28  in. 

only . 22c 

Hemmed  Pure  Linen  Huckaback.  20x40 

inches,  only . 35  c 

Fine  Satin  Dumask  Towel,  hemstitched. 
Handsome  flowered  designs,  21x41  inches, 

only . 43c 

Bed  Spreads 

Our  sale  prices  range  from  S  I  .  I  5  for  our 
big  leader  up  to  82.39. 


Comforters 

12  carloads  of  big  values  bought  especially 
for  this  sale.  Prices  run  from  S I  .  1 8  to 

S2.75. 

Sheets  and  Pillow  Cases 

Annual  offering  of  Hemmed  Sheets  and 
Pillow  Cases.  Bigbargain.  Bestquality 

Bleached  Sheets,  72x95  inches . 69c 

Pillow  Cases..20x32  inches,  only . |  7c 

Embroideries 

Imported  and  domestic.  Six  pages  of  big 
bargain  values  in  our  March  and  April 
Sale  Book.  Get  your  copy  today. 

Ladies’  Neckwear 

Very  latest  novelties.  Direct  from  the 
maker  at  little  more  than  the  maker’s 
cost. 

Auto  Scarfs 

Splendid  bargains.  One  cannot  be  pur¬ 
chased  at  retail  for  less  than  81.00. 
Size  26x68  inches.  10  colors.  Our  sale 
price,  only . 44c 

Furniture 

21  bargain  filled  pages  from  which  you 
can  furnish  your  home  complete  from 
kitebon  to  attic  at  a  saving  of  from  one- 
fourth  to  one-half. 

Here  are  a  few  of  the  items,  that  you 
may  the  better  appreciate  their  values. 
High  grade  lieed  Chairs  and  rockers,  onlv 
each . . . S3. 59 

High  Grade  Box  Seat 

Dining  room  chairs.  Leather  seat  and 

back,  only  each . S3. 48 

Furniture  for  entire  room,  four  pieces  in 
Mission.  1  rocker,  2  chairs,  1  table,  only 

. S9.99 

Three  piece  parlor  suite  upholstered  in 

genuine  leather.  Only . S22.95 

Library  Kocker,  only . S4.96 

Missiou  Hall  Clock.  Height  5  ft.  8  in., 
only . ; . S3. 96 

Quartered  Oak  Sewing  Table 

only . S6.93 

Mission  Rocker 

only . S 1 .99 

Brass  Bed 

2  inch  posts,  only . $  1 5.97 

Turkish  Couch 

imitation  leather  covered,  only...  S8. 66  B 

Kitchen  Cabinet 

with  large  cupboard,  only . S7.33 

Large  Porch  Swing 

weathered  oak,  with  chains  and  hooks 
complete,  only . $2.98 


Big  House 

Furnishing 

and  Women’s 
Wearing 
Apparel  Sale 

NOW  | 
ON  I 

Send  for  112  Page  Bargain  I 

¥  |  of  You  can’t  come  to  our  big  city  stores  so  we 
Lit  dl  have  prepared  for  you  a  book  that  describes 
■  1  this  big  sale  in  detail.  Every  article  is  care¬ 

fully  illustrated,  fully  described  and  priced  so  low 
that  you  will  reckon  your  saving  in  dollars. ©This 
book  has  been  so  painstakingly  prepared,  every 
illustration  has  been  so  carefully  drawn,  every 
statement  so  closely  edited  that  you  could  not  learn 
more  about  the  goods  were  you  to  actually  visit  our 
stock  rooms.  Send  for  this  book  today.  Your  copy 
has  just  come  from  the  press  and  is  here  waiting 
your  request.  Even  though  you  plan  to  purchase 
only  a  few  articles  for  your  home  or  wardrobe  this 
spring,  don’t  let  this  prevent  your  securing  the  book. 

You  will  without#a  doubt  find  listed  the  very  articles 
you  want  and  in*  every  case  you  will  make  a  worth 
while  saving.  1 

To  sum  it  all  up  in  a  single  sentence.  This  is  per¬ 
haps  the  most  complete  and  the  largest  House 
Furnishing  and  Women’s  wearing  apparel  sale  ever 
attempted.  You  cannot  gain  the  slightest  idea  of  its 
size  or  magnitude  or  of  the  values  offered,  however, 
until  you  see  the  book.  Fill  out  the  coupon  and  mail  it  today. 

NOTE — The  prices  given  here  are  taken  from  our  Chicago 
Book.  Our  Kansas  City  House  has  issued  a  book  contain¬ 
ing  a  line  equally  attractive,  suited  to  their  territory. 


only . 


Large  Refrigerator 


$6.80 


|  This  Coupon  Brings  this  Big 

l  City  Sale  to  Your  Door. 

I  Sign  and  Mail  it  Today. 


I 


»g 

Curtains  and  curtain  materioT  suited  to 
every  room  in  the  house  at  prices  that  are 
just  about  half  what  you  would  ordinarily  1 
expect  to  pay. 

Rugs  are  shown  in  their  actual  colors.  ■ 
Brices  range  from  S 1 . 65  upward.  _ 

3  Big  Sewing  Machine  Bargains 

Clocks  . 

Handsome,  big  values,  suited  for  dining  I 
rooms,  hall,  living  room  or  library.  J 

Silverware,  China,  Kitchen-  . 
ware 

You  have  a  wide  range  of  choice  in  all  ■ 
those.  Brices  are  extraordinarily  low  for 
this  sale. 

Stoves  and  Ranges 

for  coal,  wood,  gas  and  kerosene.  Every 
one  a  bargain  offer. 

Washing  Machines  J 

and  laundry  supplies.  A  full  and  complete 
lino. 

For  Your  Wardrobe 

Here  you  will  find  29  pages  containing 
every  article  of  wearing  apparel  that  you 
can  possibly  want  or  need.  Knit  under¬ 
wear.  Muslin  underwear.  Stocking,  Shoes, 
Wrappers,  Dressing  Saoques,  Kimonas. 

A  wide  range  of  dry  goods  and  dress  ma¬ 
terials,  suits,  gowns  and  millinery. 


MONTGOMERY  WARD  &  CO.,  Gentlemen: 

Chicago  and  Kansas  City 

Please  send  me  a  copy  of  the  Book  describing  your 
“March  and  April  Sale  of  House  Furnishings  and  Women’s 
Wearing  Apparel.” 


so 


NAME 


T0WN_ 


COUNTY _ 


R.  F.  D.  NO ._ 


-STATE- 


Four  New  Catalogues  just  oil  the  Press 

Check  with  an  (X)  the  Book  you  want. 

□  Paint 

gives  actual  samples 


!| — I  Wall  Paper 

1 — h 


gives  actual  samples 

|  Baby  Carriages  []  Bicycles.  Motorcycles 

Cut  out  the  Coupon  and  send  it  to  our  nearest  house,  Chicago  or  Kansas  City 

MONTGOMERY  WARD  &  CO.  Chicago  Avenue  Bridge,  CHICAGO 

Chicago  and  Kansas  City 


ISO 


19th  &  Campbell  Sts.,  KANSAS  CITY 


362 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  18, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


FLORIDA  NOTES.  No.  6. 

There  are  three  other  classes  to  be  con¬ 
sidered.  Suppose  this  Jersey  couple  had 
children,  relatives  or  close  friends  who 
could  unite  with  them  to  make  a  home  at 
each  end  of  the  country.  Some  of  these 
other  people  could  come  and  live  here  per¬ 
manently — acquire  land  and  develop  a  farm 
or  garden  proposition.  The  elderly  people 
coma  go  back  and  forth  with  the  changing 
seasons  while  the  permanent  settlers  could 
stay  here  and  work  out  some  definite  plan. 
That  is  one  class  of  immigrants  who  ask 
advice.  Another  class  is  represented  by 
the  man  of  middle  years  who  has  ac¬ 
cumulated  little  or  nothing,  but  sees  that  he 
is  to  be  crowded  out  of  his  job  or  trade. 
What  chance  is  there  for  such  a  man  to 
make  a  living  and  a  home  in  Florida? 
The  other  class  I  have  in  mind  is  the  strong 
and  powerful  farmer  or  farm  hand,  well 
fitted  to  endure  privation  and  master  the 
obstacles  of  pioneer  life.  Should  such  a 
man  go  to  the  West  or  to  Canada,  and 
struggle  against  the  frost,  or  come  to  this 
soft  and  balmy  land  to  make  his  home? 
Let  me  see  if  I  can  describe  fairly  what 
this  section  of  Florida  could  offer'  such  peo¬ 
ple.  I  am  not  to  discuss  the  smart  busi¬ 
ness  man  with  ample  capital  who  wants  to 
start  fruit  or  celery  or  similar  things  on 
a  large  scale.  That  man  does  not  need 
advice.  He  goes  himself  and  can  afford  to 
buy  experience. 

If  any  such  people  came  here  and  took 
ordinary  land  what  could  they  do  with  it? 
Unless  they  bought  land  that  had  already 
been  cleared  they  would  be  obliged  to  grub 
out  palmetto  or  dig  out  pine  stumps.  I 
do  not  believe  you  could  clear  such  land 
and .  make  it  fit  for  trucking  for  less  than 
$60  per  acre,  and  probably  far  more.  I 
would  not  plant  oranges  or  grapefruit  as 
a  permanent  crop.  Some  varieties  of 
peaches  do  well  here.  At  the  la^t  of  Janu¬ 
ary  our  peach  trees  were  in  bloom,  but 
later  many  buds  were  killed  in  a  section 
a  few  miles  east.  In  theory  peach  growing 
might  pay,  as  the  fruit  will  come  on  ahead 
of  the  Georgia  crop  and  danger  from  frost 
is  not  great.  In  order  to  ship  successfully 
there  should  be  large  orchards,  so  as  to 
take  advantage  of  carload  rates.  I  do  not 
think  the  small  grower  would  have  a  show, 
but  it  seems  likely  that  a  small  canning 
factory  to  handle  peaches  and  some  vege¬ 
tables  could  be  made  to  pay.  As  for  po¬ 
tatoes,  the  crop  has  been  cut  down  twice 
already  this  Winter.  We  raised  three  crops 
some  years  ago — one  caught  frost,  another 
drought  and  another  flood — neither  paid. 
Yet  it  is  a  fact  that  some  districts  in 
North  Florida  report  success  with  potatoes. 
These  are  usually  sections  with  peculiai’ly 
good  soil  and  some  sheltered  locations. 
There  you  have  a  strange  thing  about 
Florida.  There  are  spots  of  excellent  soil 
with  a  location  near  a  large  lake  or  river 
where  ‘frost  keeps  away.  Orange  trees  have 
been  hurt  at  Tampa,  while  on  the  St.  Johns, 
just  below  Jacksonville,  they  were  unin¬ 
jured.  There  is  no  State  in  the  Union 
with  such  striking  and  inexplainable  vari¬ 
ation  of  soil  and  frost  conditions.  The 
land  boomers  make  their  argument  on  the 
possibilities  of  thfe  best,  and  then  try  to 
sell  some  of  the  worst. 

What  about  strawberry  growing?  We 
brought  down  potted  plants  of  Marshall, 
and  also  bought  Southern  grown  plants  of 
Klondyke,  Lady  Thompson  and  others.  The 
Marshalls  grew  about  one-third  the  size 
of  our  New  Jersey  plants,  and  make  a  few 
berries.  This  variety  is  not  suited  to 
Florida  conditions.  The  others  do  better 
when  irrigated  but  the  yield  is  very  small. 
Our  people  have  been  picking  berries  right 
along,  but  no  one  could  make  a  living 
growing  any  such  crop.  It  would  be  non¬ 
sense  to  depend  on  strawberries  here.  Are 
these  great  stories  about  berry  growing 
fakes?  I  do  not  think  so,  in  fact  it  seems 

evident  that  there  are  several  places  in 

the  State  where  berries  do  fairly  well.  I 
do  not  believe  they  ever  give  over  one- 
third  the  yield  we  get  in  the  North,  and 
heavy  fertilizing  and  irrigation  are  needed. 

Pecan  culture  is  promising  on  the 
heavier  Florida  soils.  There  are  many  na¬ 
tive  trees  here  and  the  nuts  are  good.  In 
some  places  on  the  heavy  soils  there  are 
good  groves,  and  the  business  is  promis¬ 
ing,  though  I  do  not  think  Florida  can 
compare  with  Texas  or  the  lower  Missis¬ 
sippi  Valley  in  pecan  culture.  At  our 

place  groves  are  being  started  by  trans¬ 

planting  young  hickory  trees  and  when 
they  are  wTell  established  grafting  with 
pecans.  I  saw  a  number  of  such  trees  well 
started  and  making  a  fine  g.  wth.  One 
would  hardly  believe  that  this  soil  was 
capable  of  producing  so  much  wood  in  a 
single  season.  In  one  of  these  groves  there 
was  still  further  evidence  of  the  power  of 
this  soil  to  produce — in  the  growth  of  Vel¬ 
vet  bean.  This  bean  is  put  in  as  a  sort  of 
cover  crop  much  as  we  would  sow  cow- 
peas  or  Soy  beans  to  cover  and  hold  the 
soil.  The  Velvet  bean  vines  had  been 
plowed  under  and  a  crop  of  oats  was  above 
ground  on  January  28,  but  high  up  In  the 


air  on  the  larger  trees  were  bean  pods 
showing  where  the  vines  had  climbed  25 

feet  or  more.  There  could  be  no  doubt 
about  it,  and  I  am  told  that  on  good  soil 
this  Velvet  bean  will  make  vines  40  feet 
long  and  actually  chase  a  man  out  of  a 
cornfield !  I  tried  this  Velvet  bean  in 

New  Jersey,  but  it  gave  less  growth  than 
our  common  pole  Lima.  Here  in  Florida, 
however,  it  is  a  perfect  giant  for  gather¬ 
ing  nitrogen  and  providing  vegetable  mat¬ 
ter.  If  we  had  any  such  plant  at  the 
North  to  work  with  our  orchards  and  truck 
lands  the  fertilizer  bills  could  be  cut  in 

two  without  trouble.  Yet  here  is  Florida 
with  all  those  opportunities  for  growing 
these  crops  not  half  utilizing  them.  Uncle 
Ed  and  I  planted  some  roots  of  kudzu. 

They  looked  somewhat  like  very  thick 
asparagus  roots.  We  took  a  place  in  the 
garden  and  put  the  roots  about  six  feet 
apart.  Uncle  Ed  drove  a  spade  into  the 
ground  and  pushed  it  forward  to  make  a 
fair-sized  hole.  I  stuck  the  root  in  be¬ 
hind  the  spade,  poured  in  a  little  water 
and  pounded  the  soil  down  hard.  The 
plants  started  rapidly.  They  were  hurt 
by  the  frost  late  in  February,  but  at  once 
started  again.  From  the  looks  of  them  I 
judge  that  they  will  make  an  immense 
growth.  From  that  garden  patch  I  expect 
to  get  roots  enough  to  plant  acres,  and 
that  ought  to  take  care  of  the  stock  food 
proposition. 

For  it  seems  to  me  that  the  future  of  our 
locality  lies  in  a  combination  of  live  stock 
and  some  Winter  crop  that  is  less  of  a 
gamble  than  potatoes  or  oranges.  I  would 
cut  out  lettuce  and  celery.  These  seem 
to  be  gambling  crops,  and  also  require  large 
areas  and  large  shipments  in  order  to  at¬ 
tract  buyers  and  obtain  carload  rates.  I 
think  the  Bermuda  onion  would  suit  our 
locality  and  people.  This  crop  will  not  be 
hurt  by  such  frosts  as  we  are  likely  to 
get  and  it  need  not  be  rushed  off  in  a 
hurry  regardless  of  the  price.  It  can,  also, 
be  marketed  through  a  long  season.  In 
order  to  raise  onions  one  must  have  an 
abundance  of  water  and  a  strong  soil.  It 
would  be  foolish  to  try  to  raise  an  onion 
crop  where  we  are  located  without  an  ir¬ 
rigating  outfit  to  provide  abundant  water. 
There  has  been  practically  no  rain  for 
three  months.  By  March  1  the  orange 
bloom  was  appearing,  but  the  growers  fear 
that  the  soil  is  so  dry  that  most  of  the 
blossoms  will  fall  off.  I  would  take  eare 
of  the  watering  part  by  pumping  water 
out  of  one  of  the  small  ponds  and  running 
it  over  the  field  as  needed.  The  onions 
would  occupy  the  land  during  the  Fall  and 
Winter.  For  the  rest  of  the  year  I  would 
prepare  the  onion  land  by  feeding  stock  on 
it.  I  think  hogs  would  be  best.  My  plan 
would  be  to  start  with  some  of  the  nest 
native  sows  we  can  find,  and  a  good  Berk¬ 
shire  boar ;  enclose  the  land  with  wire 
fence  into  small  fields  and  sow  them  in 
rape,  sorghum,  Velvet  bean  or  any  of  the 
dozen  crops  which  grow  so  remarkably  in 
Florida.  I  would  turn  these  pigs  from 
one  field  to  another,  give  them  good  shelter 
and  water,  cut  green  kudzu  for  them  and 
feed  some  grain.  In  September  or  October 
take  them  out  and  put  them  elsewhere  for 
finishing,  take  up  the  fences,  plow  the 
land  where  these  hogs  have  fed  and  seed 
it  to  onions. 

Now,  briefly  stated,  that  is  what  I  should 
try  to  do  if  I  went  to  this  part  of 
Florida  to  make  my  home.  The  scheme 
may  be  fatally  defective  in  some  particu¬ 
lar  which  I  have  not  thought  out.  If  so, 
will  some  one  who  has  tried  it  set  me 
right  and  tell  wherein  the  plan  would 
fail?  I  feel  disposed  to  try  it  on  a  small 
scale  anyway  in  connection  with  Uncle 
Ed  and  Charlie.  It  would  make  a  good 
experiment  and  perhaps  provide  a  new  oc¬ 
cupation  for  our  section.  The  hog  looks 
to  me  like  the  best  citizen  for  stopping  one 
of  the  greatest  leaks  through  which  money 
drops  away  from  Florida.  He  does  not 
find  fault  with  his  board  and  lodging  like 
many  Winter  boarders,  and  he  will  root 
the  ground  and  leave  it  in  great  condition 
for  a  crop.  I  have  been  told  that  hogs 
“ruin  the  ground”  for  a  cabbage  crop,  but 
I  never  believed  it.  I  think  they  would 
help  fit  it  for  onions.  At  any  rate  1  feel 
sure  that  the  future  of  North  Florida  is 
tied  up  to  some  combination  of  live  stock 
keeping  and  vegetables  or  grain.  The  boll 
weevil  is  crawling  slowly  eastward  across 
the  Gulf  States,  and  cotton  is  rising  in 
price.  Florida  may  yet  be  needed  to  pro¬ 
duce  the  finer  grades  of  cotton  and  live 
stock  will  prepare  for  that.  Such  work  as 
I  have  mentioned  is  suited  to  the  first  two 
classes  referred  to  above.  They  must  have 
capital  to  secure  their  outfit  and  hold  in 
reserve  until  they  learn  how  to  operate. 

It  would  be  a  most  foolish  thing  for  a 
man  to  come  here  with  a  family,  spending 
all  he  had  for  land  and  for  moving.  Flor¬ 
ida  is  emphatically  not  the  place  for  the 
man  without  capital.  I  do  not  eare  what 
the  land  boomers  or  land  agents  say.  Take 
it  from  me  and  keep  away  from  Florida 
unless  you  have  the  full  price  to  pay  for 
a  Winter  home  or  capital  enough  to  stock 
a  farm  and  then  carry  a  reserve.  Certain 
land  boomers  are  offering  “farms”  with  a 
lot  in  a  “city”  thrown  in.  Let  them  alone 
as  you  would  avoid  playing  with  a  bad  case 
of  the  ague  packed  in  red-hot  coals !  As  for 
the  strong  man,  such  as  those  who  made 
up  the  army  of  early  pioneers,  I  should 
expect  him  to  do  better  striking  off  into 
the  colder  and  rougher  section  of  the 
country.  As  for  buying  land  in  so-called 
“co-operative”  companies  or  buying  stock  in 
land  enterprises,  my  general '  advice  is — ■ 
don’t  do  it!  I  have  not  investigated  their 
land  or  their  prospects,  but  I  do  know 
enough  about  Florida  to  see  the  fearful 
chances  for  misrepresentation  and  fraud 
which  are  possible  in  these  land  deals.  I 
would  not  spend  a  cent  with  any  of  them. 

I  have  no  doubt  there  are  50,000  land 
owners  in  Florida  who  would  hop  at  the 
chance  to  sell  their  land  for  half  what  it 
has  cost  them.  If  you  want  land  find  one 
of  these  freeze-outs  and  let  the  land  boom¬ 
ers  alone. 

And  now  let  us  go  back  to  New  Jersey 
awhile  and  see  how  Hope  Farm  is  doing. 

h.  w.  c. 


Your  Spring  Wheat  Must  Grow  Fast 

It  hasn’t  long-  to  mature  and  you  must  push  it  right 
along — from  seeding  time  to  harvest — by  giving  it  the 
right  kind  and  amount  of  food. 

Use  from  300  to  600  lbs.  per  acre  of  fertilizer  contain¬ 
ing  at  least  6%  available  Potash  or  250  lbs.  Muriate  of 


OTASH 


-  •  -W"- 


to  the  ton.  You  will  profit  by  an  early  yield  of 
long  heads,  well  filled  with  heavy,  solid  grains — 
for  Potash  is  first  and  last  a  maker  of  grain. 
Starch  cannot  form  without  it. 

Write  for  our  books  on  different  crops  and 
how  to  make  the  best  fertilizers  for  them. 

Ask  your  dealer  or  write  us  today  for  prices 
on  Potash,  any  amount  from  a  200-lb.  bag  up. 

German  Kali  Works,  Inc. 

Baltimore:  Continental  Building 
Chicago:  Monadnock  Block 
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By  Using  the  SO  Year 
Old  World’s  Standard 

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SEED 
SOWER 


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.  .  .  MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY  .  .  . 

‘The  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Send  for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  “Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


A  BEAUTIFUL  FARM  FOR  SALE  iu  the  finest  fruit 
growing  and  trucking  section  iu  the  world; 
fertile  soil  and  fine  climate;  also  a  beautiful  water 
front  farm  with  timber.  For  full  particulars  ad¬ 
dress  SAMUEL  P.  WOODCOCK,  .S  a  1  i  s  b  u  ry, 
Wicomico  County,  Maryland. 


Guaranteed  to  do  more  and  better  broadcast  work 
with  any  kind  of  grain  or  grass  seed  than  any  other 
Seed  Sower.  Saves  time  and  labor;  givesbiggercrops. 
Pays  for  itself  many  times  over  yearly,  although  it 
isihe  highest  priced  sower.  Made  ofiron,  steel  and 
brass.  Lasts  a  lifetime.  If  your  dealer  cannot  supply 
you,  we  will  deliver  the  Cahoon  to  any  express 
office  east  of  the  Mississippi  River  on  receipt  of  |4. 

Seed  Sowers’  Manual  tells  how  to  save  seed  and 
get  bigger  crops.  It’s  free.  Send  for  it. 

COPPELL  CO.,-*  14  Main  St„  Antrim,  N.  H. 


Bees  on  the  Farm  ^eTuZri” 

will  help  you  get  more  pleasure  and  more  profit 
from  Bee  keeping.  0  months  trial  subscription  25c. 
Book  on  Bees  and  Catalog  of  Supplies  sent  free. 

THE  A.  I.  ROOT  COMPANY,  Box  65.  MEDINA,  OHIO 


FRANK  BAACKES,  Vice  President  and  General  Sales  Agent 

American  Steel  &  Wire  Company 

Chicago  New  York  Denver  Sen  Francisco 

Send  for  copy  of“Elhoood  Fence  News,’’'’ profusely  illustrated ,  devoted 
to  the  interests  of  farmers  and  showing  koto  fence  may  be  employed  to 
enhance  the  earning  power  of  a  farm.  Furnished  free  upon  application. 


Use  good  cor¬ 
ner  and  end  posts,  well 
braced.  Then  stretch  the 
fence  —  stretch  it  till  it  sings. 
Ellwood  fence  will  stand  any  stretching. 
You  cannot  break  it. 


Erect  your  fence  in  this  way  and 
it  will  last  twice  as  long.  Any 
fence  dealer  can  supply  the  tools. 
It  costs  no  more  to  erect  a  fence 
properly.  It  requires  no  greater 
effort  if  you  expend  a  little  thought 
to  get  the  knack  of  doing  it.  Our 
dealer  nearest  you  will  give  you 
a  booklet  explaining  how  to  erect 
a  fence — how  to  make  the  work 
easy  and  right. 

The  steel  in  Ellwood  fence  is 
specially  made  for  the  purpose 
from  carefully  selected  stock.  It 
is  hard,  elastic,  tough  and  springy. 
The  line  wires,  composed  of  two 


or  more  wires  twisted  into  cables, 
give  each  individual  wire  the  shape 
*  of  an  elongated  coiled  spring. 
The  fence  is  therefore  sufficiently 
elastic  to  take  care  of  expansion 
and  contraction,  and  yet  so  rigid 
when  properly  stretched  as  to  pre¬ 
vent  sagging.  The  small  and  per¬ 
manent  mesh  is  made  by  weaving 
one  continuous  wire  throughout 
the  fabric.  The  mesh  or  stay  wires 
are  so  interwoven  that  slipping 
is  impossible.  The  triangular  truss 
is  the  strongest  form  of  construc¬ 
tion  known.  For  this  reason, 
Ellwood  fence  will  stand  the 
hardest  usage  and  still  retain 
its  shape. 


Ellwood  Fence  is  sold  in  your  town.  tLh°°  e  nr 

•wood  dealer  and  let  him  show  you  his  different  styles  of  fence  and 
Quote  you  his  low  prices.  Get  his  expert  advice  on  your  special 
needs.  He  is  on  the  spot,  buys  in  large  quantities,  gets  the  lowest 
carload  freight  rates,  demonstrates  quality  before  your  eyes  and  is 
the  man  from  whom  you  will  get  the  most  for  your  money. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


5GC 


Ruralisms 

'  STRAWBERRIES  IN  ARKANSAS. 

A  letter  from  central  Arkansas  relates 
that  early  strawberries  are  in  bloom 
February  15,  as  well  as  plums  and  some 
peaches.  All  through  the  Central  States 
there  is  a  dread  for  the  fate  of  fruit, 
generated  by  the  extremely  mild  Winter 
which  has  advanced  trees  and  plants  a 
full  month  beyond  their  allotted  time.  A 
failure  in  1911  will  be  adding  discour¬ 
agement  to  discouragement,  for  there 
has  been  a  succession  of  lean  fruit  years 
and  owners  of  orchards  have  little  spirit 
to  spray  and  do  the  needful  work  as 
they  reflect  over  their  investment  which 
gives  no  dividends.  Yet  man’s  ingen¬ 
uity  finds  some  means  of  relief  in  every 
emergency,  and  just  now  he  is  preparing 
to  cope  with  the  great  primal  elements 
themselves.  As  usual  we  receive  in¬ 
struction  from  the  clever  and  highly  or¬ 
ganized  fruit  growers  of  the  mountain 
States  and,  as  the  only  alternative,  re¬ 
luctantly  add  to  our  original  investment 
an  outfit  of  burners,  oil,  tanks,  etc.,  for 
smudging,  at  a  first  outlay  estimated  at 
$75  per  acre,  though  subsequent  years 
will  luckily  require  only  a  small  frac¬ 
tion  of  this  amount.  The  small  fruit 
grower  is  also  presented  with  the  same 
alternative,  and  with  some  change  in  de¬ 
tails,  will  emulate  his  brothers  of  the 
orchard.  Here  is  another  charge  to  be 
added  to  the  first  cost  of  fruit  and  to 
be  ultimately  borne  by  the  consumer.  At 
the  present  rate,  fruit  growing  will  soon 
be  monopolized  by  highly  educated 
specialists  provided  with  full  war  chests 
and  an  arsenal  of  weapons  manufactured 
by  science,  but  it  will  be  a  national  mis¬ 
fortune  if  the  poor  are  to  be  deprived  of 
health-giving  fruit  that  has  passed  into 
a  luxury  for  the  rich  alone. 

Down  in  middle  Arkansas  we  find  the 
little  station  of  Judsonia  marking  a 
strawberry  center  that  yearly  sends 
many  carloads  of  berries  to  northern 
markets.  The  country  is  still  only  half 
developed;  there  is  much  forest  land, 
and  farms  can  be  bought  cheaply.  The 
soil  varies  greatly  with  much  red  sand¬ 
stone  cropping  up  or  littered  about  in 
loose  bowlders.  There  are  fields  of  black 
rich  loam  contiguous  to  others  of  al¬ 
most  pure  sand,  but  sand  is  in  some  evi¬ 
dence  almost  everywhere  and  has  proved 
itself  an  asset  of  much  value.  It  hastens 
the  maturity  of  the  extra  earlies  and 
puts  them  into  market  while  prices  are 
still  high,  and  greatly  aids  the  work  of 
the  plant  shippers,  of  whom  two  do 
quite  a  large  business.  With  them  dig¬ 
ging  begins  in  the  middle  of  our  Winter 
to  fill  orders  for  southern  planters,  and 
in  March  they  begin  supplying  custom¬ 
ers  to  the  north.  With  them  digging  is 
play  compared  to  what  it  is  on  clay  soil. 
With  one  stroke  of  a  prong-toothed  po¬ 
tato  digger  a  man  will  throw  out  a  dozen 
or  so  plants,  and  with  one  shake  of  the 
fingers  their  roots  are  clean  enough  for 
packing.  Thus  the  expense  is  reduced 
to  a  minimum. 

Figs.  117  and  118,  page  347,  show 
Spring  scenes  one  one  of  these  Arkansas 
plant  farms.  In  Fig.  118  the  method  of 
digging  is  shown,  three  pickers  to  each 
digger ;  the  woman  on  the  right  will  be 
observed  tying  the  plants  as  fast  as  she 
collects  25.  This  would  be  possible  only 
in  such  a  soil.  The  blossoms  are  plainly 
to  be  seen  as  well  as  a  scant  growth  of 
grass  between  the  rows.  No  mulching 
is  done  beyond  permitting  a  growth  of 
Fall  grass  which  dies  down  and  affords 
some  protection  to  the  berries  against 
the  dirt.  In  Fig.  117  the  full  family 
force  with  some  extra  are  busily  setting 
plants.  Low  ridges  are  thrown  up  for 
the  plants  and  hole’s  made  with  dibbles 
or  the  fingers ;  at  the  right  is  seen  a 
man  with  a  tin  tube  applying  a  fer¬ 
tilizer  beneath  the  plant.  This  fertilizer 
is  usually  bone  meal,  which  has  been 
found  efficacious  for  this  soil.  Children 
are  employed  as  plant  droppers.  An¬ 
other  present  of  generous  nature  is  moss 
for  packing,  which  can  be  had  for  the 
gathering,  as  well  as  .cheap  lumber  for 
box  material.  All  in  all  it  is  a  favored 
region  for  the  plant  shipper,  but  the 
plant  grower  cannot  boast  of  equal 
blessings.  Hailstorms  and  frosts  are  as 
common  visitors  here  as  they  are  far¬ 
ther  north.  Strange  to  say,  this  unde¬ 
veloped  district  is  famous  as  the  origin 
of  more  varieties  of  the  strawberry  than 
any  other  in  the  United  States.  From 


here  came  both  our  standard  extra 
earlies,  Michel’s  and  Excelsior ;  the  for¬ 
mer  an  accidental  and  the  latter  a  cul¬ 
tivated  seedling.  Also  the  Texas  or 
Hathaway,  Fremont  Williams,  Bismarck, 
Almo  and  St.  Louis,  besides  a  number 
of  others  less  widely  known.  The  popu¬ 
lar  market  berries  for  shipping  north 
are  the  Excelsior,  Annie  ( local  seed¬ 
ling),  Klondike,  Aroma  and  Gandy. 
Over  a  large  area,  with  western  Missouri 
as  a  center,  the  Aroma  has  won  its 
way  to  the  head  as  the  main  crop  ship¬ 
ping  berry,  but  still  it  is  a  berry  that 
has  never  shown  the  adaptability  of  a 
true  standard.  From  Missouri  east  it 
begins  to  decline,  until  it  fails  to  find 
a  footing  in  the  Atlantic  States.  Even 
here  in  east  Missouri  it  is  not  a  suc¬ 
cess.  A.  T.  Goldsborough,  of  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.,  wrtes  me  that  “Around 
here  Aroma  is  worthless.  The  fruit 
wilts  and  turns  flabby  in  hot  weather. 
It  is  good  only  in  favorable  spots. 
Gandy  is  Aroma’s  equal  in  every  way 
and  superior  in  firmness,  shape  and 
flavor.  When  Oliver  H.  Gandy,  of  New¬ 
port,  N.  J.,  gave  us  the  berry  bearing 
his  name  (1885)  we  had  a  fruit  in  a 
class  all  to  itself  and  in  uniqueness  it 
still  stands  alone.  The  Gandy  must 
have  been  the  result  of  a  strong  outcross 
for  it  lacks  prepotency.  During  the 
last  25  years  I  have  fruited  hundreds  of 
its  seedlings  but  they  harked  back  to  in¬ 
ferior  types.”  The  Gandy  is  indeed 
unique.  For  many  years  it  has  held  the 
throne  as  the  queen  of  all  late  varieties 
and  even  now  its  rule  is  not  seriously 
threatened  though  we  constantly  read 
of  claimants  who  arrogate  superior 
qualities.  Invariably  these  claimants 
prove  to  be  not  quite  so  late  or  not  quite 
so  good  and  soon  retire  from  the  con¬ 
test.  L.  R.  JOHNSON. 

Cape  Girardeau  Co.,  Mo. 


New  Head  On  Old  Trees. 

I  have  some  apple  trees  that  are  dead  on 
the  trunk  and  up,  but  they  send  out  new 
sprouts.  The  sprouts  are  above  the  graft. 
They  are  Baldwins.  Will  the  apples  be 
Baldwins  from  the  sprouts,  or  do  you  think 
it  will  be  best  to  pull  the  tree  out  and  set 
in  new  ones?  n.  B. 

Ilicksville,  N.  Y. 

Y'ou  do  not  sav  how  old  these  trees  are. 
If  not  too  old,  and  if  the  stumps  are  noi 
split  or  decayed,  we  should  saw  off  the 
trunks,  paint  or  wax  the  stump,  and  let 
the  sprouts  grow,  since  they  start  above 
the  graft. 


Nitrate  of  Soda  for  Strawberries. 

Of  what  benefit  is  nitrate  of  soda  to 
strawberries?  How  much,  when  and  how 
applied?  Will  it  not  have  a  tendency  to 
make  the  berries  soft?  Can  it  be  applied 
without  working  it  into  the  soil,  as  to  do 
so  would  cause  the  berries  to  be  gritty? 

s. 

Nitrate  of  soda  contains  nitrogen  which 
is  the  element  most  likely  to  promote  rapid 
growth.  It  is  seldom  wise  to  use  over  150 
pounds  to  the  acre.  The  best  way  to  use  It 
on  strawberries  is  to  scatter  in  the  rows 
about  a  foot  from  the  plants  and  work  into 
the  soil  with  cultivator  or  hoe.  This  is 
for  hilled  plants.  For  matted  rows  you 
can  mix  the  nitrate  with  dry  soil  and  bioad- 
east  over  the  rows  before  the  plants  start. 
It  seldom  pays  to  use  nitrate  on  straw¬ 
berries.  The  crop  should  he  fertilized,  dur¬ 
ing  the  Summer  and  Fall  before  fruiting. 
S  tiring  fertilizing  will  not  increase  the 
number  of  fruits,  but  may  increase  the  size 
of  both  vines  and  berries.  Nitrate  used 
in  excess  will  make  the  berries  soft. 


ETWEEN  you  and  your 
profit  are  the  insects 
destroying  your  crop. 
Do  you  get  the  price  for  your 
fruits  and  vegetables  that  you 
could  if  they  were  free  from 
worms  or  blemishes  ?  The 
appearance  of  your  produce 
determines  its  price.  Per¬ 
fect  fruit  brings  the  largest 
returns. 

Sherwin  -  Williams 

Insecticides 

will  enable  you  to  keep  your  crops 
clean  so  that  you  can  obtain  a  larger 
crop  and  a  better  price.  S- W  Lime- 
Sulfur,  New  Process  Arsenate  of 
Lead,  Bordeaux  Paste  and  Paris 
Green  are  chemically  right  to  give 
you  the  best  results  at  a  very  slight 
cost  compared  with  your  greatly  in¬ 
creased  profit.  Send  for  our  spray 
book. 

The  Sherwin-Williams  Co. 

635  Canal  Road 
Cleveland, 

Ohio  toai 


Sent  free,  “ Spraying ,  a 
Profitable  Investment.” 


Spray  30  Acres  a  Day 

Potatoes,  Small  Fruits,  Vines 

Spraying  that  counts.  6  rows  at  a  time  with  force  to  do 
work  right.  Foliage  sprayed  aU  over,  under  as  well  as 
on  rop.  The  Perfection  hprayer  is  also  great  at  orchard 
work.  Spray  trees  by  hand.  Ensy  to  maintain  160 
pounds  pressure  with  two  nozzles  going.  Strong  60 
gallon  tank,  perfect  agitation,  absolutely  best  spray 
lump  made.  Spray  pipes  fold  up— you  can 
drive  close  to  trees  and  in  narrow  places. 
Over  23  years  a  sprayer  builder.  I  know  re- 
.quirements,  and  1  know  the  Perfection  is 
right.  Over  lOOO  In  use, 
all  giving  satisfaction. 
Write  for  Free  Catalog. 
Don’t  buy  any  sprayer 
till  it  comes. 

THOMAS 
PEPPLER 
Box  45,Hightstown,H.J. 


The  Best  Spray  Pump 

Sprays  the  tallest  fruit  trees  from  the  ground. 
Special  nozzle  for  grape  vines,  shrubs,  etc. 
Sprays  quickest  and  best.  Does  the  work  in 
half  the  time  and  does  it  thoroughly.  Always 
ready.  Used  with  bucket,  barrel  or  Lank. 
Basts  a  lifetime.  No  leathers  to  dry  up,  wear 
out,  or  make  trouble. 

Standard  Spray  Pump 

Warranted  for  5  Years.  Price  $4.00. 

It  will  not  cost  you  a  cent  to  try  it.  Our 
special  offer  gives  complete  details.  Write 
for  it  today  and  we  will  also  send  our  illus¬ 
trated  circular  showing  how  this  pump  pays 
for  itself  many  times  over  the  first  season. 

The  Standard  Stamping  Co. 

94  Main  Street  Marysville.  O. 


CDDA  V  Adopted  by  the  N.Y.  State  Fruit  Growers’  Ass’n 
OrnAI  IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  USE  EITIIKK. 

TJ 

L  PASTE  OR  POWDERED' 

FOR  ALL  LEAF  EATIN6  INSECTS 
RESPONSIBLE  DISTRIBUTERS  ahd  AGENTS  WANTED 

KEY  BRAND 

RIGHT  PRICE  and  MATERIAL 

^  FUNGICIDE  ANO  INSECTICIDE 
— .  USE 

I 


INTERSTATE  CHEMICAL.  CO. 

14  BAYVIEW  AVE..JERSEY  CITY.  N.J. 

WRITE  FOR  PRICES. CIRCULARS  ETC.  CORRESPONDENCE  SOLICITED. 


“ONE  FOR  ALL,”  No.  1 

O  OtATM  TO  I N •tCT&  A  FUNOI 

Barrels,  425  lb.  .  ..  »05e.  per  lb 

>5  Bb!«..20Glbj— __  f  -p 

10O  Ibi  _  _  i  —  ' )6  1 ' 

50  lbs.....,,. —  in  "‘T  " 

25  lbs _ — .  |  -  ,  — ,  rift 

F  O.  B.  NEW  YORK 

Wool  Create,  Arsenate  of  Lead,  Lime-Sulphur 
Combined.  A  Contact  and  Poiton  Spray. 

Ah  Insecticide  &  Fungicide. 

Only  Thing  Needed  for  all  Petta  or  Fun  gut. 
WRITE  FOR  BOOKLET. 

MANHATTAN  OIL  COMPANY 

K.wbliihod  1883. 

(51  Front  Street.  New  York 

GET  RID  OF  TREE  PESTS 

San  Jose  Scale,  fungi  and  other  pests  will  ruin  your  crops. 
Get  rid  of  them  quickly  and  surely  by  spraying  with 

Good’s  Potasif  Whale  Oil  Soap  No.  3 

Kills  all  enemies  to  trees  and  plants  and  quickens 
healthy  growth.  Contains  nothing  injurious.  Used  and 
endorsed  by  State  Experimental  Stations  and 

IT.  8.  Department  of  Agriculture 
60  lbs.,  $2.50;  100  lbs.,  $4.60;  larger  quantities  proportion¬ 
ately  less.  Write  for  free  “Manual  of  Plant  Diseases .” 

JAMES  GOOD,  Original  Maker,  945  N.  Front  St.,  Philadelphia 


Empire  King. 

l-  _  _  ia _ _ _  *  .  ...  _ 2 .  —  mitVi  ayiI  a  C Inr.  vnF  1  Q  1 1  fulfil* 


Ho  who  attempts  to  grow  fruits  without  a  Sprayer  is  handi 
m  ^  capped.  Blight  and  bugs,  rot  and  rust,  mold  and  mildew,  all 
w  —  conspire  to  damage  the  crop,  and  in  all  cases  succeed  if  the  farmer  does 
^  not  spray.  This  is  the  only  hand  pomp  having  automatic  agitator  and  brush  for  clean¬ 
ing  strainer.  Valuable  book  of  instruction  free.  FIELD  FORCE  PUMP  C0.t<2  llTH  ST.,  ELMIRA,  N.  Y 


Sprayed  with 

Bowker’s  PVPOX 


brings  more  money 


because  it  is  free  from  injury  by  worms-, 
scab,  etc.  Over  300  testimonials  in  our 
new  catalogue  show  the  great  value  of  this  preparation  on  all  kinds  of  fruits 
and  vegetables.  Pyrox  serves  two  purposes ;  it  kills  insects  and  prevents  dis¬ 
ease  and  blemish.  It  adheres  to  the  foliage  even  through  heavy  rains,  saving- 
labor  and  cost  of  re-spraying.  Perfectly  safe.  It  is  all  ready  to  use  by  mixing 
with  cold  water.  Every  grower  who  seeks  fruit  and  vegetables  free  from 
blemish  needs  “Pyrox,”  the  “one  best  spray.”  It 


tt 


Fills  the  barrel  with  the  kind  they  used  to  put  on  Top” 


Send  for  new  catalogue  with  photograph  of  sprayed  and  unsprayed  fruit  in 
original  colors.  Will  convince  the  most  skeptical.  Say  how  many  and  what 
kinds  of  fruit  trees,  or  how  many  acres  of  potatoes  you  have  to  spray,  and  ask 
for  special  prices.  We  ship  from  Boston,  Baltimore,  and  Cincinnati. 

T)  AW  TV  U  T»  INSECTICIDE  COMPANY, 

D  U  TT  XV  Ih  XV  43  CHATHAM  STREET,  BOSTON,  MASS. 


364 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


The  Rural  New-Y orker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER’S  PAPER. 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes. 

Established  1850. 

Pabllahed  weekly  by  the  Rnral  Pnblishlng  Company,  409  Pearl  Street,  Few  York. 

Herbert  W.  Collingwood,  President  and  Editor, 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Roylk,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR. 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  $2.04,  equal  to 
8s.  6d.,  or  8 Hi  marks,  or  10*2  francs.  Remit  in  money  order, 
express  order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Glass  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  timi 
orders.  References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to 
ns;  and  cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

"A  SQUARE  DEAL.” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a 
responsible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any 
loss  to  paid  subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler 
advertising  in  our  columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  ex- 
Posm.  We  protect  subcribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee 
to  adjust  trifling  differences  between  subscribers  and  honest,  respon¬ 
sible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be  responsible  for  the  debts  of 
honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts.  Notice  of  the  complaint 
must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of  the  transaction, 
and  you  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker  when 
writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

We  understand  that  there  are  patents  pending  on  a 
light  motor  tool  to  take  the  place  of  hand  pushed 
garden  cultivators.  It  is  light  and  runs  with  a  four 
horse-power  used  on  a  motor  cycle.  Others  with  a 
stronger  power  will  run  tools  like  a  horse  cultivator 
in  narrow  rows.  Of  course  a  patent  does  not  prove 
that  a  tool  is  practical,  but  we  hope  some  inventor 
will  succeed  with  this  idea. 

* 

Some  agents  of  “horse  companies”  have  appeared 
in  New  England  trying  to  organize  farmers  and  sell 
shares  in  a  horse.  At  every  point  they  seem  to  strike 
subscribers  to  The  R.  N.-Y.  who  cheerfully  point 
them  to  the  recent  articles.  Well,  gentlemen,  if  we 
can  have  our  way  we  shall  print  the  truth  about  horse 
companies,  creamery  sharks,  land  frauds  and  fake 
schemes  generally  so  that  the  country  will  be  plastered 
by  the  record.  Our  friends  will  do  the  plastering 
and  we  will  do  the  printing. 

* 

There  was  a  hearing  at  Albany  on  March  8  on 
what  is  known  as  the  Collin  bill — which  aims  to 
record  and  regulate  sales  by  commission  men.  We 
printed  the  original  bill  on  page  329.  It  has  since  been 
made  stronger  by  amendment.  Nearly  100  farmers 
attended  this  hearing,  and  their  case  was  well  pre¬ 
sented.  The  fight  for  the  bill  will  come  in  the  Senate. 
It  is  time  to  get  into  the  battle  at  once.  Do  not  delay 
a  moment,  but  write  your  Senator  and  Representative 
at  Albany  and  urge  them  to  work  for  Assembly  bill 
590. 

* 

We  have  some  articles  on  “back  to  the  land”  com¬ 
ing  which  will  cause  much  thought  and  discussion. 
These  articles  give  the  facts  just  as  the  authors  see 
them.  Some  are  the  record  of  plain  failure — told 
freely  and  without  complaint.  Others  are  hopeful  and 
record  a  success  or  at  least  a  hope.  Such  success 
will  be  won  if  at  all  only  by  a  hard  struggle — too 
hard  and  fierce  for  many  people  to  enter  into.  We  do 
not  join  the  cry  of  “back  to  the  land”  for  all  city 
workers.  That  is  about  as  foolish  and  harmful  gen¬ 
eral  advice  as  could  be  given,  because  it  conveys  the 
idea  that  anyone,  deformed  or  foolish,  or  strong  or 
wise,  can  run  a  farm,  so  as  to  make  a  living.  The 
fact  is  that  farm  management  requires  skill  and  study 
three  times  as  exacting  as  the  average  clerk  or  sales- 
riian  was  ever  called  upon  to  exercise.  We  intend  to 
tell  the  truth  about  “back  to  the  land” — the  plain  truth 
without  prejudice  or  poetry. 

* 

I  think  I  can  tell  of  a  more  unreasonable  charge  than 
did  Mr.  T.  H.  King  on  page  168,  with  his  half  bushel  of 
apples.  I  own  an  ice  cream  factory  in  Hillsboro,  Ill.,  and 
five  miles  from  the  town  on  an  electric  line  is  a  Chautauqua 
grounds.  During  the  assembly  there  last  Summer  I  sent 
ice  cream  there  and  the  express  company  charged  me  90 
cents  expressage  for  a  10-gallon  packer  weighing  about  200 
pounds.  The  railroad  company  would  haul  a  man  of  about 
the  same  weight  and  furnish  him  an  upholstered  seat  for 
7%  cents,  so  if  the  parcels  post  would  take  away  some  of 
the  express  companies’  business  I  do  not  think  anyone 
would  feel  sorry  for  these  greedy  corporations.  Give  us 
parcels  post  which  will  be  of  great  good  to  the  greatest 
number.  jesse  w.  osborn. 

Illinois. 

You  might  figure  on  this  proposition:  The  express 
company  charges  90  cents  for  carrying  200  pounds  of 
ice  cream.  The  railroad  carries  a  young  man  and  his 
girl  weighing  300  pounds  for  15  cents,  and  this  couple 
eat  ice  cream.  Who  gets  the  consumer’s  dollar  in  this 
case?  These  practical  illustrations  help  more  than 
anything  else  to  show  some  of  the  outrageous  charges 
made  by  the  express  companies.  The  trouble  is  that 


most  of  these  arguments  have  been  given  in  a  general 
way — not  so  as  to  interest  the  people  who  are  being 
held  up.  When  the  fact  is  brought  right  home  to 
them  through  an  overcharge  to  themselves  or  in  some 
incident  which  is  a  part  of  their  everyday  life,  they 
see  the  point,  and  each  one  becomes  an  active  parcels 
poster. 

* 

The  absurdity  of  the  division  of  the  city  by  the  “ex¬ 
press  trust”  was  never  better  illustrated  than  in  the  case 
of  a  man  in  Dorchester  who  bad  two  trunks  to  send  to 
a  house  in  Roxbury,  only  eight  blocks  away,  perhaps  15 
minutes’  drive  at  the  outside.  The  express  concerns  in¬ 
sisted  on  hauling  them  into  Boston,  then  out  to  Roxbury. 
And  the  charge  was  $1.70. — Boston  Evening  Record. 

Next  time,  perhaps,  the  Dorchester  man  will  borrow  a 
wheelbarrow  and  do  his  own  expressing. 

This  advice  from  the  Boston  Globe  is  worth  think¬ 
ing  about.  The  wheelbarrow  we  want  is  parcels  post. 
Farmers  will  take  that,  put  the  special  privilege  of  the 
express  companies  into  it  and  wheel  them  off  to  the 
dumping  ground,  or  political  ash  heap.  Take  it  from 
us — this  job  will  not  be  done  until  we  first  wheel  off 
the  “careful  consideration”  Congressmen  and  bury 
them  like  the  “babes  in  the  wood.”  We  must  use 
ballots  instead  of  leaves. 

* 

It  is  reported  that  a  leading  'politician  was  asked 
last  Fall  if  there  was  any  way  of  preventing  the  peo¬ 
ple  from  forcing  Congress  to  give  them  the  reforms 
they  had  demanded.  His  answer  was:  “Only  by 
creating  a  war  scare  and  waving  the  starry  banner!” 
Just  before  the  new  Congress  is  to  meet  there  is  a 
great  concentration  of  the  American  army  on  the 
Mexican  frontier.  The  possibilities  of  this  “waving 
the  starry  banner”  are  very  great.  Even  Senator 
Lorimer  might  deliver  a  “patriotic”  speech  and  ex¬ 
pect  by  doing  so  to  make  the  public  believe  that  his 
coat  of  lime-sulphur  wash  is  pure  gold  surmounted 
by  a  halo.  It  is  too  late.  The  people  know  that 
parcels  post  and  fair  tariff  revision  must  not  be  ob¬ 
scured  by  a  war  bluff  with  Mexico.  This  “war  talk” 
method  of  dodging  responsibility  is  as  old  as  the 
country.  When  John  Adams  was  President  the  Fed- 
erals  talked  war  with  France  and  England  until  it 
seemed  as  if  they  were  secure  in  power  for  years. 
Then  they  went  too  far  with  arbitrary  laws  and  out¬ 
rageous  disregard  of  rights,  and  even  the  war  talk 
could  not  save  them. 

* 

Reference  has  been  made  to  a  visitation  of  locusts 
to  be  looked  for  this  year.  The  insect  is  known  as  the 
periodical  cicada,  which  every  17  or  13  years  sud¬ 
denly  appears  in  certain  sections,  performs  its  work 
and  then  disappears.  The  adult  insect  cuts  little  slits 
in  the  small  twigs  or  branches  and  lays  its  eggs  in 
them.  These  eggs  hatch  in  a  few  weeks  and  the 
young  insects  fall  to  the  ground.  They  burrow  into  the 
soil  and  remain  there  for  13  years  in  the  South  and  17 
years  at  the  North.  Their  food  is  probably  obtained 
from  the  humus  in  the  soil.  There  will  be  two  “crops” 
of  these  locusts  this  year.  One  brood  will  be  found 
in  Connecticut,  the  Hudson  Valley,  Long  Island,  New 
Jersey  and  down  through  eastern  Pennsylvania,  Dela¬ 
ware,  Maryland,  Virginia  and  North  Carolina.  The 
worst  of  it  will  come  in  New  Jersey.  The  other  brood 
will  be  found  in  parts  of  Arkansas,  Illinois,  Indiana, 
Kentucky,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Missouri  and  Ten¬ 
nessee.  The  insect  does  not  eat  plants.  The  damage 
is  caused  by  cutting  and  slitting.  Heretofore  no 
efforts  seem  to  have  been  made  to  fight  them.  We 
shall  try  a  weak  solution  of  lime-sulphur  with  extra 
hme  added  to  make  a  thick  wash  on  the  fruit  trees. 
In  the  localities  named  this  is  one  of  the  things  to 
provide  for  this  year.  If  the  locusts  are  very  thick 
they  may  cause  considerable  damage  to  young  trees. 
We  advise  as  little  trimming  as  possible  when  the 
trees  are  set  out,  and  Summer  pruning  after  the 
locusts  disappear. 

* 

CANADIAN  “RECIPROCITY.” 

No.  5. 

Congress  adjourned  without  settling  the  “reci¬ 
procity”  question.  A  new  session  has  been  called, 
and  the  prospects  are  for  a  long-drawn-out  tariff 
fight.  We  have  tried  to  present  the  farmer’s  side. 
We  believe  that  the  proposed  scheme  of  admitting  all 
farm  products  free,  while  retaining  a  tariff  on  manu¬ 
factured  goods,  is  unfair  and  against  the  true  interests 
of  the  country.  Historically  the  argument  is  broad 
and  clear. 

I  heartily  wish  American  farming  could  assume  some  of 
the  solidity  of  the  English  type ;  that  farms  could  descend 
from  father  to  son  in  some  way  so  that  the  improvements 
would  accumulate.  This  would  result  in  better  culture, 
better  buildings  and  the  better  standing  of  the  farmer. 
We  would  not  be  jumping  from  place  to  place.  J.  D. 

New  Hampshire. 

That  is  what  we  all  wish,  but  American  History  for 
the  past  century  shows  one  long  succession  of  opening 
up  for  gift  or  sale  at  a  low  price  cheap  and  rich 
new  land.  Under  this  policy,  which  drew  away  the 


March  18, 

strong  and  ambitious,  there  has  been  little  incentive 
for  farmers  in  the  Eastern  States  to  handle  their 
land  and  develop  it  as  is  done  in  Europe.  Within  the 
past  10  years  we  have  come  closer  to  it  than  ever  be¬ 
fore  because  the  new  land  is  largely  taken  up.  A  few 
years  more  and  systematic  plans  for  permanent  im¬ 
provement  of  Eastern  farm  lands  would  have  been 
common.  The  opening  of  the  rich  and  cheap  lands  of 
Canada  will,  unless  all  history  is  disproved,  bring  back 
the  old  menace  which  for  a  century  has  hung  over  our 
older  farms.  We  have  insisted  and  still  insist  that 
the  farmers  of  the  Northern  States  are  chiefly  respon¬ 
sible  for  the  high  tariff  and  its  outcome: 

I  want  to  point  out  that  you  are  overlooking  the  mighti¬ 
est  factor  in  the  depression  of  values  following  the  Civil 
War.  That  was  the  work  of  Wall  Street  in  inducing  Con¬ 
gress  to  call  in  millions  on  millions  of  non-interest  bearing 
notes,  circulating  as  money.  These  were  destroyed  and 
interest-bearing  bonds  put  in  their  stead.  You  cannot 
afford  to  overlook  that  part  of  the  history  of  the  war 
period,  and  the  years  immediately  following.  e.  l.  s. 
Massachusetts. 

We  do  not  overlook  it,  nor  do  we  forget  how  it 
was  done  and  how  these  same  Northern  farmers  voted 
for  it  and  permitted  it  As  boy  and  young  man  we 
were  raised  among  farmers,  and  like  other  young 
men  were  interested  in  politics.  The  political  thought 
of  this  country  was  dominated  by  two  things  which 
time  has  proved  to  be  scarecrows,  “war  issues”  and 
“tariff.”  Politicians  who  never  went  near  a  battlefield 
fought  the  war  over  and  over  whenever  they  wanted 
to  work  through  some  public  steal  or  special  privilege. 
When  this  began  to  wear  out  the  tariff  was  taken  up. 
A  man  could  not  be  elected  to  the  school  board  in 
some  New  England  towns  unless  he  made  high  tariff 
his  leading  issue.  The  money  monopoly,  the  railroad 
grants,  public  franchises  and  the  whole  long  list  were 
tacked  to  a  high  tariff  “platform”— and  they  went 
through.  The  workmen  in  towns  might  go  from  one 
side  to  the  other,  but  the  northern  farmers  stood  like 
a  rock  through  all  the  years  and  believed  what  was 
told  them  about  the  benefits  of  protection.  They  were 
like  men  who  robbed  their  own  pockets,  tied  them¬ 
selves  hand  and  foot  and  delivered  themselves  over  to 
servants  on  the  promise  that  the  “American  market” 
would  be  preserved  for  them.  The  time  has  come  for 
blunt  if  not  brutal  truth  telling.  Let  any  man  of  50 
who  is  capable  of  original  thought  tell  us  if  this  is 
not  true ! 

Canadian  “reciprocity”  breaks  the  charm  at  last. 
The  farmer  finds  that  he  has  fostered  high  tariff 
until  he  has  made  his  “infant  industries”  rich  and 
strong  beyond  competition.  These  “infants”  jump  out 
of  the  cradle  and  kick  the  old  man  out  of  the  house! 
The  last  patch  and  shred  of  direct  benefit  from  pro¬ 
tection  is  to  be  taken  from  the  farmer.  What  should 
he  do?  Here  is  the  conclusion  which  thousands  of 
them  have  come  to: 

Perhaps  I  may  reason  all  wrong,  but  I  believe  that  this 
reciprocity  agreement  will  eventually  help  us  all.  Why? 
Well,  we  all  know  that  in  some  cases  the  physician  will 
give  a  medicine  to  clear  out  the  system  before  the  real 
remedies  are  given.  So  here  the  farmer  has  been  hood¬ 
winked  and  given  so  often  fake  protection  to  keep  him  in 
line  so  the  manufacturers  cun  count  on  his  help  in  their 
getting  real  protection.  This  is  cleaning  out  our  system, 
and  will  show  just  how  much  the  “powers  that  be”  care 
for  the  farmer.  Now  it  is  up  to  the  farmer  to  join  with 
the  consumer  and  compel  real  reciprocity  with  our  next- 
door  neighbor  in  every  manufactured  article.  Can  we 
do  it?  f.  q.  w. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  the  people  of  this  country 
.  want  a  fair  reduction  of  the  tariff.  Farmers,  as  a 
class,  will  gain  by  such  fair  reduction,  and  they  would 
support  it.  The  proposed  “reciprocity”  is  so  unfair 
that  it  will  rank  as  class  legislation.  Farmers  should 
stand  for  fair  protection  the  same  as  is  given  manu¬ 
facturers,  or  insist  that  we  have  absolute  free  trade 
with  Canada — everything  to  pass  freely  from  one 
country  to  the  other! 


BREVITIES. 

Like  a  dog  on  a  chain — the  man  who  tries  to  spray 
with  a  10-foot  hose.  Bug  and  blight  may  fool  him. 

That  is  a  good,  practical  article  by  Mr.  Rogers  on 
page  370.  This  is  a  new  scheme  for  handling  oats  and 
peas. 

The  latest  is  an  insurance  agent  who  threatens  one 
of  our  readers  with  arrest  if  he  does  not  renew  an  ex¬ 
pired  insurance  policy !  A  great  bluff  that ! 

No — the  Florida  land  companies  are  not  trying  to  sell 
the  Hope  Farm  man  any  land.  Their  “prospects”  read 
like  the  claims  of  the  “three-gallon  cow”  man — and  are 
about  as  near  the  fact. 

At  Concord,  Mass.,  a  bed  of  asparagus  was  set  in  the 
Spring  of  1909  and  cut  profitably  last  year !  That  meant 
ideal  soil  preparation  and  “pedigreed  seed.”  No  one  can 
do  it  with  scrub  stock  and  scrub  care. 

A  number  of  people  write  to  ask  why  there  is  a  picture 
of  a  rooster  on  “The  Business  Hen”  cover.  We  consider 
the  husband  of  the  hen  a  useful  member  of  the  hen  yard. 
In  fact  “the  old  man”  often  receives  less  than  half  the 
credit  due  him. 

“The  farmer  may  receive  only  35  cents  of  the  con¬ 
sumer’s  dollar,  but  he  receives  tenfold  for  his  money  when 
he  takes  The  R.  N.-Y.  if  he  reads  it,  and  thinks.  I  con¬ 
sider  any  copy  worth  the  price  of  one  year’s  subscrip¬ 
tion,”  says  H.  W.  T.,  of  Massachusetts. 


1911. 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

A  Review  of  Old  Matters. 

The  following  brazen  misrepresenta¬ 
tion  is  taken  from  the  Woman’s  Na¬ 
tional  Daily,  published  by  E.  G.  Lewis. 
It  refers  to  the  forced  liquidation  of  the 
People’s  United  States  Bank  after 
fraud  orders  had  been  issued  against  it 
and  Lewis: 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

in  the  world  to  return  them  dollar  for 
dollar  of  the  original  investment.  The 
bank  after  three  months  business  could 
pay  only  87  per  cent.  He  would  pay  in 
full— in  promises.  Unbelievable  as  it 
may  seem,  lie  actually  got  the  assign¬ 
ments  to  the  amount  of  $1,500,000.  Who 
is  going  to  prosecute  any  rogue  if  the 
victim  of  the  robbery  comes  to  the  res- 


366 


Ruef  will  he  put  at  work  in  the  jute  mill 
of  the  prison.  Attorneys  for  the  prisoner 
will  continue  their  fight  for  his  liberation 
by  making  application  to  the  Supreme  Court 
for  a  rehearing. 


Investigation,  of  alleged  Alaskan  mining 
frauds,  following  the  investigation  iust 
completeed  at  Detroit,  March  6.  will  bo  be¬ 
gun  by  a  federal  grand  jury  at  Chicago.  The 
alleged  frauds  are  said  to  involve  a  total 
of  $1)0,000,000.  The  grand  jury  at  Detroit 

,i  ,  -  .  ,  .  .  '  — ; „  March  0  returned  indictments  against  seven 

cue  of  the  man  who  picks  his  pockets?  persons,  including  John  M  Bushnell  of 


, .  the  credit  of  Mr.  Lewis  be  it  said 
that  every  depositor  of  fhe  bank  received 
every  cent  that  he  had  in  it,  and  the 
stockholders  received  87  per  cent,  of  what 
they  had  put  in  the  bank — for  the  bal¬ 
ance,  13  per  cent.,  Mr.  Lewis  has  assumed 
personal  responsibility.  The  vast  amount 
of  money  that  he  returned  he  could  have 


Lewis  printed  up  $2,300,000  of  preferred  Chicaf°-  The  name  of  Albert  G.  Frost, 
stock  of  his  printing  company,  guaran-  ^“itaiiwfy^now^i^tht  hands"  o?  a'rt 


ceiver  has  been  brought  into  the  investiga- 
tion  through  a  recun t  court  order  directing 
the  grand  jury  to  investigate  books  of  the 
hrost  companies.  They  are  said  to  contain 
records  of  the  promotion  of  the  Alaska 


teeing  seven  per  cent. ;  and  promised  to 
have  it  listed  on  the  stock  exchange  so 
that  it  could  be  readily  sold,  and  prom¬ 
ised  that  it  would  bring  a  premium.  For  ,  ^ _  ..... 

the  six  years  since,  these  neoole  who  Le?E'al ,  Kaihvay  running  from  Seward  to 

t-  r-- . .  «  . . .  “stood  by  Mm  in  the  dark  hour”  have  rec“lr  VS 

"eP.t  bimaalf*  since  there  is  no  law  on  the  had  many  promises  and  many  assurances  Rlaiat  of  J-  p-  Morgan  &  Co.,  the  Sovereign 

United  States  statute  book  that  could  and  many  opportunities  to  chancre  rme  5ank  of  Eanada  and  the  Central  Trust 

this  money,  but  his  piece  of  £pe?  for  ^another  andSenD  ^mpan,U«f  JR-ois.  It  was  charged  that 

ally  to  put  in  some  more  cash,  but  the 
promise  to  return  dollar  for  dollar  has 
never  been  kept.  On  the  contrary,  the 
victims  are  impudently  told  that  Lewis 
has  suffered  all.  the  loss.  When  Lewis 
reached  his  limit  last  Summer,  he  tried 
to  turn  the  same  trick  of  borrowing 
from  his  old  victims  through  debenture 

bank  accepted  87  per  cent  from  the  re-  n,°.tes i  but  the  People  have  learned  some-  in  Seating0  the 

to  Lewis 

indifference  to  them 
to  make  impressions  on  new  victims". 


partment.  expressed  the  intention  to  re¬ 
turn  forthwith  to  Seattle,  and  after  a  rest 
resume  the  practice  of  law.  He  said  that 
IF-  defence  had  cost  him  not  less  than 
$2o,000,  and  he  is  now  a  poor  man.  Mr 
lusher  s.  appointment  gives  two  places  in 
the  Cabinet  to  Chicago  men,  Secretary  Mac- 
Veagh,  of  the  Treasury  Department,  being 
also  a  resident  of  that  city.  Mr.  Fisher 
has  been  notably  active  in  the  movement 
for  the  conservation  of  natural  resources, 
and  is  a  vice-president  of  the  National  Con¬ 
servation  Association.  Officers  of  that  as¬ 
sociation,  whose  headquarters  are  in  Wash¬ 
ington,  expressed  themselves  as  more  than 
pleased  with  the  appointment  of  Mr.  Fisher. 


LIFE  IN  WESTERN  NEBRASKA. 


The  high  cost  of  living  comes  very  forci¬ 
bly  to  us  who  live  in  the  comparatively 
unproductive  part  of  Nebraska,  commonly 
known  as  the  Sand  Hills.  Although  there 
are  thousands  and  thousands  of  cattle  all 
around  us,  we  pay  our  local  butcher 
la  to  20  cents  per  pound  for  round  steak. 
At  this  time  of  year  I  think  he  gets  his 
supply  from  the  Omaha  packing  houses. 
One  can  usually  buy  from  a  ranchman  in 
the  early  Winter  for  about  five  and  seven 
cents  per  pound  by  the  quarter.  Of  course 
this  is  not  grain  fed.  I  bought  half  of 
a  dressed  hog  from  the  butcher  a  few  days 
ago  for  10  cents  per  pound.  This  I  con- 
uorneii  5,ldH’  a.  faE„  bargain.  Flour  runs  about 
,.  ,na(i„  $l.o0  to  $1.60  per  50-pound  sack  for  first 

ernrio  Buying  in  500-pound  lots  one  can 

save  10  cents  per  sack.  Corn 

new  buildings  it  has  been  fcgS  -"-P^whe^^corn^s 

car  shipped 

tt-  • _  ,  .  "“i  ‘wiin  me  souuiern  side.  At  the  west-  w  •“*'  i  paid  $1.25  per 

tie  is  now  trying  ern  end  will  be  placed  the  new  auditorium  pounds ;  oats,  $1.35  per  100  pounds — 

On  the  northern  side  of  the  new  quadrangle  a11  Pese  tb5nSs  could  be  raised  here  if 
\fpn  p-irn  i  i  w„lR  1)0  space  for  three  or  four  buildings  people  were  so  inclined.  Some  men  raised 

en  earn  for  themselves  such  appel-  of  which  the  Home  Economics  Building  busbels  of  corn  per  acre  last  year,  and 

.  .  ---  -  iations  as  coward,  bandit,  robber,  pirate,  w!  }  be  tbo  westerly  one.  This  quadrangle  H  was  certainly  a  dry  year.  Potatoes 

claims  against  him  for  collection,  we  pickpocket,  thief,  but  the  most  dangerous  oill  b®  competed  by  buildings  which  the  yitlded  last  year  from  100  to  200  bushels 

have  not  been  able  to  find  that  he  has  as  well  as  the  most  despicable  of  aH  &V22rtSS{S&  ”  •—  <**•  8?  4S?  g*  A*  'ofZ 


,  •  ,  , ,  1LIOU  V  J  ,  11  U  L  IlilJ 

native  honesty  would  not  permit  him  to 
let  one  single  person  suffer  through  his 
business  failure. 

Isn’t  it  astonishing  that  any  man  would 
put  such  barefaced  lies  in  cold  type,  to 
be  read  by  thousands  of  people  who 
know  that  there  is  not  a  word  of  truth 
in  it  as  to  the  stockholders?  About  one- 
third  of  the  stockholders  in  the  defunct 


the  company  was  overcapitalized.  John 
Ballaine  was  appointed  receiver  and  trus¬ 
tee.  Mr.  Frost  was  president  of  the  com¬ 
pany.  l'he  railroad  serves  the  Manantusha 
district,  in  which  are  valuable  coal  claims. 

FARM  AND  GARDEN.— By  the  erection 
of  three  new  buildings  for  the  New  York 
State  College  of  Agriculture  a  new  quad¬ 
rangle  will  be  formed  on  the  Cornell 
campus.  The  Legislature  last  year 


provision  for  three  buildings”  by  aDpropri-  £I'ad<,‘; 
ating  $250,000.  More  are  to  be  built  latex-. 

The  other  stockholders  yielded  ,  in£  °*  financial  tricks  m  six  years,  and  decided  to  establish  a  new  quadrangle  of  perhaps  150  miles,  wh 

ms’s  entreaties  to  assign  their  stock  ,‘arn-  »«!«  W.  brazen  SKorSLh? souttem'Sfie “m  the  “we”?  to ’°ta aVZV'V'pa* 

i.  It  amounted  tn  ahnnf  non  indifference  to  them.  TTe  is  now  trvmcr  mm  ...  ^  ^  ion  nmimio  •  nok-  or  ,, 


to  him.  It  amounted  to  about  $1,500,000. 
That  was  six  years  ago.  With  the  excep¬ 
tion  of  a  few  payments  that  we  forced 
him  to  make  when  we  first  received 


paid  a  single  one  of  these  obligations. 
We  have  now  about  75  of  these  claims, 
aggregating  nearly  $30,000  and  interest 
for  six  years.  Two-thirds  of  the  stock¬ 
holders  never  received  a  cent;  and  the 
other  third,  who  wisely  took  what  they 
could  get  from  the  receiver,  never  got 


liar.  _  The  others  may  be  truthful,  but  the 
liar  is  all  the  others  in  one. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 


DOMESTIC. — The  Department  of  Justice 

..  „„  -  .  -  -  o--  March  3  began  action  under  the  Sherman 

the  13  per  cent  promised  by  Lewis,  and  an.ti-trust  law  to  dissolve  the  so-called  elec- 


Members  of  the  State  Fair  Commission, 
headed  by  Lieutenant  Governor  Conway 
and  State  Commissioner  of  Agriculture 
Pearson,  conferred  with  Governor  Dix 
March  2  and  explained  to  the  Governor 
the  plans  for  the  development  of  the  fair 
and  the  improvements  of  the  grounds  at 
Syracuse.  The  Commissioners  told  the 
Governor  the  next  move  in  the  wav  of  im¬ 
proved  buildings  should  be  to  provide 


seed  quoted  now  at  $1.  All  kinds  of 
garden  stuff  does  exceedingly  well,  especial- 
ly  cabbage,  onions  and  potatoes.  Onions 
IasEi'"a11  were  s°ld  by  the  producer  at  $1 
to  $1.50  per  bushel ;  cabbages  weighing 
from  20  to  40  pounds  each  at  two  cents 
per  pound.  This  is  that  part  of  Nebraska 
where  you  get  640  acres  by  giving  Uncle 
Sam  $lo  and  agree  to  live  on  the  land  five 
years.  I  spent  five  years  on  one  of  these 


never  will.  Note  the  cvniral  h„mnr-  ,tr«st  A  Petition  was  filed  in  tbe  cattle  building  and  a  fruit  buifding.  It  claims.  I  made  a  specialty  of  the  Kolb’s 

rnv  cynical  humor.  United  States  Circuit  Court  at  Cleveland,  ^as  estimated  that  these  buildings  could  gem  watermelon,  also  tlie  Peerless  for  late ; 

any  tmei  may  assume  personal  responsi-  Ohio,  by  William  L.  Day,  United  States  b?  constructed  according  to  tentative  plans  Ejnerald  Gem  and  Hackensack  muskmelons 
bihty  for  your  money  when  he  nicks  P1.8trict  Attorney,  against  the  General  Elec-  alteady  prepared  for  $200,000  each.  The  ’"  r’ —  - -  - - 

your  pocket  and  if  this  assnnno  rplip^ec  gric  Company,  the  Westinghouse  Electric  Commissioners  also  ui-ged  the  moving  of 

yuui  pucKti,  ana  ii  tins  assurance  relieves  Company,  the  National  Electric  Lamp  Com-  tbe  racetrack  and  improvement  to  tbe 

your  anxiety  tor  your  money  you  will  Pai?y  and  thirty-two  other  defendants,  al-  grandstand  at  a  cost  of  $40,000.  The  com- 


not  suffer  through  the  theft.  Now  read  th.ey  • had  .entered  into  a  ’con- 

this :  »pira<;y 


in.  restraint  of  trade  and  praying 
i°r  the  dissolution  of  this  alleged  combi- 

“PeoDle^s^nfto^Stnt  tb<T,f'aRiEal.  stock  of  partment  tlds^acfion0  i^one^of^the'most 

gooedOP^iSthLnS  SS^oS?;  !  ^ad“2S2  ^POrtant  br0USht  by  the 

fidence  in  Lewis  and  have  waited  with  com- 

mendahlp  nntionpo  frn*  him 


mendable  patience  for  him  to  make  good  his 
many  promises.  I  have  written  him  repeat¬ 
edly  in  protest  at  his  extravagant  use  of 
our  money  in  his  schemes,  but  get  no  an¬ 
swer,  except  once  when  I  informed  him  un¬ 
less  I  heard  why  the  promised  dividend  had 
not  been  paid  I  should  employ  a  lawyer  to 
secure  an  answer.  I  received  an  answer 


..  -  . .  ught  by  the  government  since 

the  suits  against  the  American  Tobacco 
Company  and  the  Standard  Oil  Company 
were  instituted  two  years  ago.  The  elec¬ 
trical  _  trust,  so-called,  is  declared  to  have 
a  capital  stock  close  to  $1,000,000,000  and 
is  said  to  control  practically  all  of  the 
business  in  electrical  supplies  in  the 


mission  for  the  present  year  is  seeking  an 
increased  appropriation  from  the  State  for 
premiums.  Governor  Dix  told  the  com¬ 
mission  that  in  his  opinion  it  might  plan 
for  a  like  appropriation  for  premiums  to 
that  given  last  year,  which  was  $42,000. 
If  it  is  possible  to  give  an  increase  the 
matter  will  receive  consideration  during  the 
legislative  session. 

A  number  of  vegetable  growers,  repre¬ 
sentative  of  widely  separated  sections  of 
the  State,  gathered  at  the  New  York  State 
College  of  Agriculture  at  Cornell  Univer¬ 
sity,  Ithaca,  during  farmers’  week,  for  the 
purpose  of  forming  an  association.  A  cora- 


TJnited  States  and  the  world.  The  suit  be- 
glJa  in.  Cleveland  is  against  only  one  pool, 

expected  to 

<Tw.inoi  '■unuuio,  i (.  is  auee«i.  tne  _ 

tuck.  The  executive  committee  consists  of 
the  president  and  secretary  and  the  follow¬ 
ing  additional  members :  Ezra  A.  Tuttle 
Eastport,  L.  I.,  chairman ;  G.  M.  Keller, 
Brighton  (Rochester)  ;  W.  L.  Bonney,  Ba¬ 
tavia.  Those  who  are  ini  '  ' 


ErLn<i\pali  f!aj,LIK  l-uos«  wno  naa  saie  or  more  than  97  per  cent  of  the  in- 

,nanUf-tU^  the 


The  Kolb’s  Gem  averaged  about  30  pounds 
many  weighing  40  pounds,  planted  on  sod 
using  no  fertilizer,  melons  bringing  50  to 
cents  each.  A  little  over  a  year  ago 
I  entered  the  employ  of  the  railroad  com¬ 
pany  ;  since  that  time  have  had  to  buv 
everything  but  milk  and  eggs.  Butter  Is 
hard  to  get  during  the  Winter  months-  I 
mean  country  butter;  creamery  butter  ’re- 
tailed  at  35  cents  per  pound,  country  butter 
at  30  cents.  Creamery  now  30  cents 
country,  20.  In  the  long  run  I  believe  the 
creamery  is  the  cheaper  of  the  two  as 
some  of  the  country  butter  was  ranker 
than  the  proverbial  Limburger  cheese  Fees 
brought  40  cents  per  dozen  at  the  'stores 
and  none  to  be  had  at  that.  The  mer- 
chants  handle  the  cold  storage  product  dur¬ 
ing  the  Winter.  In  Denver,  the  hen  fruit 
brought  60  cents  at  the  stores  or  commis- 
fJanwb0“ses-  m.Tbese  Prices  were  during 
the  Winter.  The  greatest  problem  here  is 
the  fruit  question.  Being  raised  in  an 
apple  tree  and  under  a  grape  vine  in  Cen¬ 
tral  Iowa,  where  strawberries  grew  wild 
and  raspberries  and  blackberries  in  abun- 


ise,  but  like  all  his  others  it  failed  to  ma¬ 
terialize.  Now,  I  would  like  to  know  if  I 

ouTofTL'P11  h°pe  0f  g,)tting  tbat  $1,000 
Massachusetts. 

Imagine  if  you  can  the  sentiment  of 


March  5  fire  in  the  business  section  of 
Minneapolis,  Minn.,  caused  a  loss  of 
$1,;>00,000.  It  swept  through  the  Syndi¬ 
cate  Block  on  Nicollet  avenue,  destroying 
one-third  of  the  block. 


dance  as  the  children  of  Israel  longed 

^r't?e,.fleshi)0ta  of  EgYPt.  so  we  long  for 
the  fruits  of  the  tree  and  vine.  Grapes 
.^tailed  last  year  for  45  cents  per  8-pound 
basket.  The  local  merchant  rceiv<><!  nine 
•i\r0xinterLstrd  are  urged  cents  per  basket  as  his  commission  ex- 


to  get  in  touch  with  the  officers  and  help  press  about  seven  cents  per  bfsket 

co^,‘i1«ce. .«  pave  no  idea  what _ the" jobb^  and&th! 


j-iiiciKinc  ii  von  nn  thp  .Two  Persons  lost  their  lives  in  a  fire  alread;v  appointed  and  at  work.  Others  are 

this  m-j,,  y  i  n  the  sentiment  of  which  destroyed  the  Loch  Crystal  Hotel  at  to  itaKe  up  Questions  of  transportation, 
this  man  and  thousands  like  him,  who  Lake  View,  N.  C.,  March  6  The  Loch  marketing,  cultural  problems,  and  the  for- 

cm  «sehoodeif‘ren1ing  and  outrage;  sss  t\*«  wts  &te„i,  s5jyoooec^a  s,u,ssa«^i!fnnsy^„^iati<,M 

insurance  ol  $20,000.  ‘  ^  ^  _.%.««  ,^»ge 

though  credited  to  an  employee. 

Lewis  got  this  money  by  promising 

an  independence  to  anyone  who  invest*  ,  — - - 

ed  $500.  He  was  to  out  uo  dollar  for  thfi  Pr°duce  Exchange  Safe  Deposit 
^  put  up  aonar  for  Company,  when  it  was  discoverer! 


dollar  with  the  people.  Experienced 
bankers  were  to  be  on  the  board.  The 
funds  were  to  be  invested  in  Govern¬ 
ment  bonds,  neither  Lewis  nor  any  of*- 
ficer  was  to  borrow  from  the  bank.  Lewis 
never  invested  a  dollar.  The  board  was 
his  employees.  The  funds  were  not  in¬ 
vested  in  U.  S.  bonds.  In  three  months 
after  the  bank  opened  Lewis  and  his 
enterprises  had  borrowed  nearly  a  mil- 


Bonds  amounting  to  $85,000  were  stolen 
from  Aaron  Bancroft,  an  aged  New  York 
broker,  March  2.  The  fact  was  not  learned 
until  March  6,  when  an  envelope  supposed 
to  contain  them  was  taken  from  the  vaults 
of  the  Produce  Exchange  Safe  Deposit 
Company,  when  it  was  discovered  that  the 
envelope  contained  only  copies  of  an  eve 
mng  newspaper.  The  thieves  had  appar 


months  the  time  during  which  food  prod¬ 
ucts  may  be  held  in  cold  storage  ware¬ 
houses,  passed  the  New  York  State  Assem-' 
bly  March  8.  An  attempt  will  be  made 
to  hold  it  up  in  the  Senate. 

NO  PARCELS  POST.^ — The  provision  in 
the  post  office  ,  appropriation  bill  authoriz¬ 
ing  the  establishment  of  an  evnerimonf-ni 


that  the  theft  was  committed  in  a  corri¬ 
dor  leading  to  the  safe  deposit  vaults.  Mr. 
Bancroft  says  that  he  remembers  meeting 
two  men  in  the  corridor,  one  of  whom 
bumped  into  him,  causing  him  to  drop  the 
package  and  his  hat.  The  two  men  pre¬ 
tended  to  assist  him,  he  says,  and  one  of 


lion  dollars  of  the  funds.  The  State  of-  SoSJlV Se?£  KSSay 
ficers^ closed  the  bank;  and  the  Post  Of-  substituted.  y  p  ge  was 

*  vanguard  of  an  exodus  of  farmer 

folk  from  Holland  arrived  in  New  Y’ork 
March  1  by  the  Holland-Amerlea  steamship 
Noordam.  There  were  400  on  it,  men, 
women  and  children.  One  of  the  farmers. 


fice  Department  issued  fraud  orders.  If 
Lewis  had  been  permitted  to  continue 
to  run  the  bank  and  to  increase  its  cap¬ 
ital  stock  by  money  collected  from  the  „  ^  u  .  - 

people,  and  then  to  use  the  money  for  E ““head faStif  ha'i' n/ ““ooo 
his  own  purposes,  no  one  can  estimate  and  all  are  bound  for  Iowa,  Wisconsin’ and 

the  suffering  and  loss  that  he  would  Tbe  conditions  for  tenant  uuu  uivmion  or  tne  Atlantic  fleet  con  - - 

co^h  ^b°^tr ustetf  him  ^  ^ 

with  their  money,  and  brought  the  bank  ^downers  of  Holland  we’re  driving  the  f<>1  ,nr,"A*a  f - 

* - - .  -  -  iaF^ers  away.  He  believes  that  more  than 


ized  the  postmaster-general  to  accept  for 
delivery  on  rural  routes  packages  not  ex¬ 
ceeding  11  pounds  in  weight  containing  no 
first-class  matter  and  to  report  to  Congress  at 
its  next  session  the  result  of  the  experi¬ 
ment.  This  provision  had  the  approval  of 
the  postmaster-general. 

ADMINISTRATION.— March  7,  the  army 
and  navy  of  the  United  States  united  in  a 
formidable  military  demonstration  for  the 
protection  of  American  and  other  foreign 
properties  in  Mexico.  It  includes  20,000 
troops  (or  two- thirds  of  the  regular  army 
now  in  the  United  States).  In  addition  to 
these  troops  2,000  marines,  practically  all 
on  ^ ae,  Atlantic  coast,  are  under  orders  to 
proceed  immediately  to  Guantanamo,  which 
I?,  w‘tbln  *tr)king  distance  of  Mexico,  and 
the  fifth  division  of  the  Atlantic  fleet,  con- 

cio  +  inn*  (Dm  . . : _  _ , 


..  —  jobber  and  the  first 
buyer  each  received.  The  producer  surely 
doesn  t  make  an  over-burdensome  profit 
from  his  vineyard.  1 

We  bought  nine  barrels  of  apples  during 
the  early  Fall  and  Winter,  which  cost  us 
(about  300  miles  distant)  from  $2.25  to 
$-..,;)  per  barrel,  loO  pounds  ;  freight  $1.35 
per  barrel  and  we  thought  them  fine;  they 
ran  from  1%  inch  in  diameter  to  3  inches 
But  m  November  the  better  half  took  a  trip 
out  into  Utah,  not  far  from  Salt  Lake,  and 
the  apples  she  brought  back  put  the  others 
to  shame.  She  said  that  far  better  apples 
were  rotting  on  the  ground  in  Utah  than 
we  were  buying  at  $3.60  per  barrel,  and 
°  ““  some  flavor  to  them 

were  certainly  fine. 
,  -  have  here  Is  tbe  sand 

cherry,  which  grows  abundantly  every¬ 
where  and  is  about  like  the  Black  Morcllo- 
bushes  from  one  to  two  feet  high  fruit 
not  sour,  usually  injured  by  late  freezes 
Nurserymen  list  these  as  Rocky  Mountain 
cherries  at  20  cents  each.  ^ouutuin 

H:  makes  me  smile  when  I  look  through 
the  flower  catalogues  and  see  Yucca  liU- 
memtosa  described  as  such  a  lovely  plant 
do  to  «0  cents  each).  Out  here  we  call 
them  soapweeds  and  there  are  millions  of 

frnie’fi  tbat’s  the  way  we  flower  and 

fruit  fiends  get  taken  in.  f.  h  bkooks 

Grant  Co.,  Nebraska.  bkooks. 


Seed  Drill  :  Vetch. — On  page  195  there 
is  an  inquiry  in  regard  to  a  new  seeding 
A  double  disk  drill  with  a 
attachment,  and  an  attach- 


machine. 


to  ruin  The  million  dollars  had  to  be  8?000  of  his  countrymen”  will”  hind”  here 
accounted  for.  The  bank  was  closed  *bis  year.  The  immigrants  left  all  their 
by  the  State  of  Missouri  for  the  benefit  implements  behind  them,  converting 

of  its  depositors  and  stockholders,  hut  ttw  ea°n  gS'fcttS-  T/ sm7 ife'eX 

they  were  not  told  the  real  state  of  af~  bere  for  less  money. 


fairs.  The  State  did  not  publish  a  paper; 
Lewis  did.  Like  the  guilty  cur  at  the 
first  swish  of  the  lash,  he  set  up  a  terrible 
The  bank  had  been  assassinated 
through  a  conspiracy,  he  told  the  people. 
He  alone  could  and  would  save  it.  He 
must  have  a  free  hand.  Piteously  he  ap¬ 
pealed  to  them  to  stand  by  him  in  the 
dark  hour,  intimating  he  had  a  private 
tortune,  and  pledging  everything  he  had 


call  for  troops  includes  detachments  from 
|vo^ important  military  post  in  the  United 

The  President  March  7  accepted  the 
thrice  proffered  resignation  of  Richard  A. 
Ballinger  as  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  and 
announced  that  Walter  L.  Fisher  of  Chi¬ 
cago,  had  been  appointed  Mr.  Ballinger’s 
successor.  Mr.  Ballinger  based  his  resig- 


S3S S3* 

tty :  n  ssb,  ’a  %  sMss®?* 


year  term  for  the  bribery  of  supervisors 
during  the  regime  of  Mayor  Eugene  F. 
Schmitz.  As  a  final  concession,  Ruef  was 
removed  from  the  jail  to  the  ferryboat  in 
a  taxicab,  instead  of  in  the  regular  van. 
Ruef  anticipated  the  usual  prison  rcgula- 
t ions  by  having  his  mustache  removed  and 
his  hair  cropped  before  his  departure. 
V  arden  Hoyle,  of  San  Quentin  says  that 


much  interested  in  your  “Hairy  vetch'  arts 
cles.  .  We  planted  27  acres  last  fall;  came 

so  fnr'^hi/w-  +as  beCrn  covere<1  with  snow 
so  far  this  Winter.  I  am  in  hopes  it  will 

prove  out  to  our  satisfaction.  if  it  does 
will  probably  plant  three  or  four  time! 
that  amount  the  coming  Autumn.  n  f 
Hale,  Mich. 

Syphoning  Water  to  Barn. — I  wish  to 
get  running  water  to  my  barn.  I  have 

or  1S200  anever-fai1iagspriiig,  about  1,000 
oi  1,200  feet  away.  There  is  a  hill  be- 

fmm"  fhoe  JllUL  the  bar“;  the  raise 


takes  occasion  to  declare  with  emnlmsis  from  Y  .k  1  :  earn;  the  ra 

*»p“e  ss  & 

ZBhZr ffi. ^  UWS  SJSS 

tc  cause  trouble?  I  should  like  to  heir 
from  any  of  your  readers  that  had  any 
experience  along  this  line.  s  y 

Grantsville,  Md.  ' 


at  the  methods  of  those  who  assailed  him 
declaring  that  he  lias  been  “the  subject  of 
one  or  the  most  unscrupulous  conspiracies 
for  defamation  of  character  that  history 
can  show.  The  Secretary  March  7  in 
a  statement  given  out  at  the  Interior  De- 


March  18, 


360 

Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

“IT  IS  NOT  YOURS,  O  MOTHER.” 

It  is  not  yours,  O  mother,  to  complain, 

Not,  mother,  yours  to  weep, 

Though  nevermore  your  son  again 
Shall  to  your  bosom  creep, 

Though  nevermore  again  you  watch  your 
baby  sleep. 

Though  in  the  greener  paths  of  earth, 

Mother  and  child,  no  more 
We  wander;  and  no  more  the  birth 
Of  me  whom  once  you  bore, 

Seems  still  the  brave  reward  that  once  it 
seemed  of  yore ; 

Though  as  all  passes,  day  and  night, 

The  seasons  and  the  years, 

From  you,  O  mother,  this  delight, 

This  also  disappears — 

Some  profit  yet  survives  of  all  your  pangs 
and  tears. 

The  child,  the  seed,  the  grain  of  corn, 

The  acorn  on  the  hill, 

Each  for  some  separate  end  is  born 
In  season  fit,  and  still 
Each  must  in  strength  arise  to  work  the 
almighty  will. 

So  from  the  hearth  the  children  flee, 

By  that  almighty  hand 
Austerely  led;  so  one  by  sea 
Goes  forth,  and  one  by  land; 

Nor  aught  of  all  man’s  sons  escape  from 
that  command. 

So  from  the  sally  each  obeys 
The  unseen  almighty  nod, 

So  till  the  ending  all  their  ways 
Blindfolded  loth  have  trod; 

Nor  knew  their  task  at  all,  but  were  the 
tools  of  God. 

And  as  the  fervent  smith  of  yore 
Beat  out  the  glowing  blade, 

Nor  wielded  in  the  front  of  war 
The  weapons  that  he  made, 

But  in  the  tower  at  home  still  plied  hi* 
ringing  trade ; 

So  like  a  sword  the  son  shall  roam 
On  nobler  missions  sent; 

And  as  the  smith  remained  at  home 
In  peaceful  turret  pent, 

So  sits  the  while  at  home  the  mother  well 
content. 

— Robert  Louis  Stevenson. 

♦ 

Japanese  bamboo  baskets  are  among 
the  fashionable  flower  holders.  They 
are  stained  dark  brown,  shading  ,to 
ivory  white  where  the  bamboo  has  been 
polished,  and  woven  in  all  sorts  of 
quaint  and  irregular  shapes.  They  are 
lined  with  metal,  so  that  they  will  hold 
water,  and  cost  from  $1  up  to  about  $25. 

* 

Deep  collars  and  simple  little  fichus 
are  among  the  Spring  dress  trimmings. 
The  collars  are  often  of  the  fichu  shape, 
opening  in  a  V  at  the  neck.  Very  fine 
mull  or  batiste,  edged  with  lace,  is  liked 
for  both,  and  there  should  be  turn-back 
cuffs  to  match.  The  fine  muslin  fichu 
will  make  a  pretty  trimming  on  wash 
dresses. 

* 

Among  materials  shown  for  wedding 
gowns  the  most  fashionable  is  white 
crepe  meteor,  which  is  soft,  lustrous,  and 
yet  with  sufficient  body  to  flow  into 
graceful  lines.  It  is  40  to  42  inches  wide, 
and  costs  $2  to  $4  a  yard.  Satin  char- 
meuse  has  a  crepe  weave,  and  this  44 
inches  wide,  costs  $3.50  a  yard.  Plain 
white  satins,  36  inches  wide,  cost  $1.25 
to  $2  a  yard. 

A  novel  idea  in  apple  pie  is  thus  re¬ 
ported  by  the  New  York  Sun :  ; 

“I  had  a  piece  of  apple  pie  at  an  up- 
State  country  hotel  last  week,”  said  a 
down-town  lawyer,  “that  was  good 
enough  to  justify  me  in  asking  for 
more  and  then  getting  the  recipe,  and 
this  is  it:  At  the  point  where  in  ordi¬ 
nary  pie  making  the  lid  would  be  glued 
on  spread  over  the  apples  thin  slices  of 
bacon  fried  very  crisp  and  brown,  then 
put  on  the  cover  and  bake.  Good?  Well, 

tfy  it.”  * 

The  Melbourne  Australasian  recently 
figured  pictures  of  a  colony  of  wild  cats 
near  Broken  Hill,  New  South  Wales. 
They  appear  to  be  descendants  of  house 
cats  which  had  been  thrown  on  their 
own  resources  and  which  had  taken  up 
their  abode  in  rabbit  holes.  These  cats 
are  increasing  fast,  and  it  is  said  that 


THE  rural  NEW-YORKER 


they  are  already  diminishing  the  rabbits 
in  places.  As  the  rabbit  is  the  greatest 
plague  of  Australian  agriculture,  these 
cats  are  really  helpful,  though  one  can 
realize  that  they,  too,  may  become  a 
nuisance  in  turn,  like  the  mongoose  in 
the  West  Indies. 

* 

We  often  use  peroxide  of  hydrogen 
diluted  -as  a  tooth  wash,  and  also  un¬ 


portions.  The  waist  is  cut  in  one  \\  ith 
the  sleeves  that  are  of  three-quarter 
length.  The  skirt  is  cut  in  four  gores 
and  the  two  are  joined  by  means  of  a 
belt.  The  right  front  of  the  gown  laps 
well  over  the  left  and  the  closing  is 
made  invisibly.  For  the  16  year  size  will 
be  required  554  yards  of  material  24  or 
27  inches  wide,  4j4  yards  36  or  3J4  yards 
44  inches  wide  with  54  yard  of  satin  for 
trimming.  The  pattern  No.  6882  is  cut 
in  sizes  for  misses  and  small  woman  of 
14,  16  and  18  years  of  age;  price  10 
cents. 

The  smaller  pictures  show  6934,  blouse 
or  shirt  waist,  34  to  42  bust.  3T/s  yards 
of  material  27  inches  wide,  2J4  yards 
36,  V/&  yard  44,  J4  yard  of  all-over  em¬ 
broidery,  1  yard  of  ruffling  for  medium 
size.  6937,  girl’s  dress,  with  body  and 
sleeves  in  one,  and  straight  plaited 
skirt,  8,  10  and  12  years.  4J4  yards  of 
material  27  inches  wide,  3  yards  36,  2y$ 
yards  44,  V/z  yard  of  banding  for  10 
year  size.  6900,  waist  with  yoke  and 
sleeves  in  one  for  misses  and  ^  small 
women,  14,  16  and  18  years.  1/4  yard 
of  material  21  inches  wide,  ?4  yard  27, 
54  yard  44,  for  full  portion  of  blouse, 
1 J4  yard  20,  1J4  yard  27,  54  yard  44,  for 
yoke  with  sleeves,  J4  yard  18  inches 
wide,  254  yards  of  banding  for  16  year 
size.  6871,  five-gored  skirt  for  misses 
and  small  women,  14,  16  and  18  years. 
554  yards  of  material  27  inches  wide, 
314  yards  36,  or  44,  when  material  has 
figure  or  nap,  454  yards  27  inches  wide, 
254  yards  36  or  44  when  material  has 
neither  figure  nor  nap,  for  16  year  size. 
6936.three  or  two-piece  skirt  with  simu¬ 
lated  tunic,  22  to  32  waist.  5-)4  yards  of 
material  27  inches  wide,  254  yards  44  or 
52  for  two-piece  skirt,  4J4  yards  27,  4 
yards  44  or  52  for  three-piece  width  of 
skirt  at  lower  edge  2 yards,  for  me¬ 
dium  size.  6920,  coat  with  sailor  or 
round  collar,  with  or  without  revers,  34 
to  44  bust.  5  yards  of  material  27  inches 
wide,  2 Yz  yards  44  or  52,  354  yards  of 
banding,  for  medium  size;  price  of  each 
30  cents. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  vou’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  20. 


Every  housewife  must  have  an  AUTOMATIC 
Vacuum  Cleaner.  It  saves  taking  up  the 
carpets  and  it  keeps  the  carpets,  rugs,  uphols- 
tered  furniture,  mattresses,  pillows,  etc., 
clean  and  sanitary  every  day  in  the  year.  It 
brings  out  the  colors  bright  and  fresh,  raises 
the  nap,  making  the  carpets  wear  longer  and 
soft  to  walk  upon. 


Three 

Quarts 

of 

Solid  Dirt 


Pumped 
From  One 
“Clean” 
Rug’ 


6882  House  Gown  for  Misses  and 
Small  Women,  14,  16  and  18  years, 
diluted  around  the  base  of  the  nails  to 
loosen  and  remove  hangnails.  A  friend 
tells  us  that  another  use  for  it  is  to 
remove  scorch  from  clothes.  W  et  a 
cloth  in  peroxide,  wring  tight,  lay  over 
the  scorched  place  and  iron  with  a  hot 
iron;  the  discoloration  will  entirely  dis¬ 
appear.  No  doubt  this  is  due  to  the 
bleaching  effect  of  peroxide,  which  is 
one  of  the  materials  used  to  produce 
artificially  blond  hair.  It  is  a  poweiful 
disinfectant,  being  used  to  cleanse  ab¬ 
scesses  and  indolent  sores.  V  e  have 
found  it  comforting  and  healing  to 
broken  chilblains. 

The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  ahvays  give 
number  of  pattern  and  ineasui  ement  de¬ 
sired. 

The  pretty  bouse  dress  shown  is  an 
excellent  model  for  misses  or  small 


women.  It  is  finished  with  the  big  col¬ 
lar  that  marks  the  season  and  it  is  closed 
at  the  left  side.  It  can  be  utilized  for 
wool  materials  and  for  washable  ones 
with  equal  propriety.  The  skirt  _  is 
slightly  high  waisted,  and  that  line  is  a 
smart  and  very  generally  becoming  one. 
The  gown  is  made  with  waist  and  skirt 


Send  for  Our  Free  Book  and  Learn 
of  the  Many  Ways  You  Can  Save 
Money  About  the  Home  by  Using 


-  Made  in  18  Color, 
and  Natural- (Clear)  Renew, 

Everything  from  Cellar  to  Garret. 

1aD-a-lac  is  a  stain,  varnish  and  enamel  combined.  It 
comes  already  for  use.  You  need  no  skill  whatever  to  apply 
it  All  you  do  is  simply  to  spread  it  on  with  a  brush.  It  has 
a  thousand  and  one  uses.  For  example,  there  is  nothing 
like  it  for  putting  a  sanitary,  permanent  covering  on  you 
kitchen  table.  It  costs  less  than  oilcloth,  wears 1  forevei 
Oilcloth  isn’t  lasting  and  only  sanitary  until  it  begins  to 
crack,  and  you  know  that  within  a  few  weeks  of  use  it  is 
bound  to  peel  and  within  a  few  months  it  must  be  replaced. 
Every  time  you  wash  it  it  grows  a  little  hit  more  smelly.  By 
ordering  a  can  of  white  Jap-a-lac  today  and  applying  it  o 
the  wood  you  can  have  a  pertectly  clean,  waterproof  table 
which  can  be  washed  in  an  instant  and  be  kept  always 

sweet  and  wholesome.  ,  .  .  . 

You  can  take  your  old  chairs  and  with  a  few  minutes 
wotk  have  them  looking  brand  new.  You  can  paint  your 
ice  box  or  reftigerator.  You  can  take  the  paper  o  your 
pantry  shelves  arid  give  them  a  waterproof  cover  of  Jap  a  lac 
which  instantly  puts  them  into  a  sanitary  condition. 

Jap-a-lac  saves  money  and  makes  money  for  those  who 
use  it.  It  is  unsurpassed  for  renewing  floors,  for  restoring  lino- 
lerim  and  oilcloth,  for  wainscoting  rooms,  for  recoating  worn 
out  tin  and  zinc  bath  tubs,  for  brightening  woodwork  of  all 
sorts,  for  coating  pantry  shelves 
and  kitchen  tables,  for  varnish¬ 
ing  pictures  (when  thinned 
with  turpentine)  for  gilding 
picture  frames;  for  restoring 
go-carts  and  wagons,  for  re¬ 
painting  trunks  and  enameling 
sinks,  for  restoring  chairs, 
tables,  iron  beds,  book  cases 
and  many  other  things— all  of 
which  are  explained  in  a  little 
book  w'hich  you  can  have  for  a 
little  request  on  a  post  card. 

Jap-a-lac  is  for  sale  in.  at 
least,  one  store  in  every  town. 

If  your  dealer  happens  to  be 
out  of  the  color  you  want  he 
can  get  it.  Insist  on  Jap-a  lac. 

There  is  no  substitute.  You 
can’t  get  the  results  you  wish 
with  anything  else.  There  is 
only  one  Jap-a-lac  and  that  is 
made  by  The  Glidden  Varnish 
Co.  Be  sure  and  send  today 
for  the  free  book— it  gives  all 
the  facts.  A  post  card  will  do. 

Write  it  now.  Address 


This  picture  shows  three  quarts  of  dirt 
pumped  out  of  a  10x12  rug  which  the  house¬ 
wife  had  just  swept.  The  AUTOMATIC 
pumps  dirt  out  of  the  texture  of  the  carpet 
inst  as  you  would  pump  water  from  a  well. 
Ind  it  sets  every  atom  of  dirt  dust,  moths 
aud  every  form  of  microbe,  and  without  re- 

niT h e *  A UTO M  A T I C  is  sold  with  a  guarantee 
to  be  the  Best  Hand  Vacuum  Cleaner  on  ti  e 
M  arket,  to  have  the  strongest  suction,  to  clean 
the  carpets  cleaner,  to  outlast  any  three  other 
cleaners  on  the  market.  We  guarantee  it  for 

20yeai'S’  WE  WANT 

LIVE  FARMERS 

We  want  a  live  man  in  each  town,  village 
and  post-office  to  sell  AUTOMATIC  Vacuum 
Cleaners.  Experience  is  not  necessary.  In 
fact  many  of  our  best  agents  are  farmers  and 
farmers’  sons  wbo  never  bad  seen  a  vacuum 

cleaner  before  they  received  ours.  .. 

The  AUTOMATIC  practically  sells  itself. 
Simply  show  it  to  the  customer  and  let  her 
clean  a  few  square  yards  of  her  own  carpet 
and  she  is  convinced  then  and  there. 

THIS  AGENT 
SOLD  OVER  300 

W  O  Orwig,  a  farmer,  of  Prairie  Gity,  Ill., 
sold' more  than  300  and  made  a  fine  profit. 

J.  A.  Hamitt,  a  farmer,  of  Atlanta,  111.,  sola 

125  machines.  „  _  T11 

P,  A.  Swadley.  of  Downs,  Ill.,  sold  2a 0 

U1  These  men  are  all  landowners  and  are  sell¬ 
ing  cleaners  on  the  side  to  people  in  their  own 
neighborhoods,  and  ate  but  a  few  of  the 
scores  who  are  doingthe  same  at  an  excellent 
profit. 

Send  $25.00  today  for  an  AUTOMATIC,  try 
it  for  ten  days,  give  it  the  most  thorough  tests 
you  can,  and  if  you  do  not  find  it  satisfactory 
in  every  respect,  and  better  than  any  cleaner 
you  ever  saw,  we’ll  refund  your  money, 

HANDSOME  BOOKLET 
FREE 

Write  for  our  free  illustrated  booklet  and 
liberal  offer  to  agents. 

AUTOMATIC  VACUUM 
CLEANER  COMPANY 

76th  Street,  Bloomington,  Ill. 


IS 


The 


Trade  Bark  j 

Not 
In  a 
Trust. 


’Century 

BOOT! 

M (Beacon  Falls  Brand) 

_^If  you  had  rubber  I 
'boots  made  to  order,  I 
IF  you  couldn’t  have 
/them  made  better  than! 

I  the  CENTURY  BOOT. 

■  It  is  made  of  the  best  I 
rubber  produced.  The  I 
l.  vamp  18  made  extra  I 
.  strong.  To  prevent  1 
.cracking  at  anklet 
an  extra  pure 

„  ,  ,  ..  gum,  no-crack  I 

Made  from  the  ankle  rein-L 

best  Rubber  pro-  forcemeat  is  | 

duced  in  the  World  used. 

IT  IS  THE  CHEAPEST 

because  best-best  In  material,  best  in  workmanship, 
and  best  for  wear.  Those  facts  are  also  true  of  the  en  I 
tire1  Beacon  Falls  line.  When  you  wiu't  a  hiKh  gradel 
satisfactory  rubber  boot  or  shoe,  insist  that  you *>6i 

shown  goods  bearing  the  Cro«8.  It  ^ ^ooisfrom  I 

and  service.  If  you  can’t  secure  Century  Boots  ir-om  ■ 
your  dealer,  write  us.  Send  his  name.  Wewtl  see  that 
you  are  supplied.  Send  for  Ulus  crated  booklet. 

BEACON  FALLS  RUBBER  SHOE  Co.j 

New  York  Chicago  Boston 


1911. 


Beginning  to  Know  Birds. 

To  get  the  deepest  enjoyment  out  of 
country  living  we  must  come  in  touch 
with  out-of-door  life  at  as  many  points, 
or  else  as  thoroughly  in  some  certain 
lines,  as  we  can.  One  Gilbert  White,  who 
lived  in  Hampshire,  England  (1720-1793) 
so  delighted  in  the  simple  sights  and 
sounds  of  his  country  home  anl  so  mag¬ 
nified  his  privilege  of  observing  and  re¬ 
counting  all  he  saw  that  many  of  us 
love  him,  though  kings  and  statesmen, 
bishops  and  jurists  of  his  day  are  for¬ 
gotten.  Not  only  do  the  sciences  of 
woodlands  and  fields  never  grow  out  of 
date,  but  we  ourselves  must  live  to  be 
like  the  old  man  of  “As  You  Like  It, 
“Sans  teeth,  sans  eyes,  sans  taste,  sans 
everything,”  before  we  need  lose  our 
pleasure  in  our  field  studies. 

People  from  cities  and  villages  form 
classes  and  tramp  miles,  book  in  hand, 
trying  to  learn  to  know  the  birds.  They 
finally  succeed  in  recognizing  most  of 
them  by  sight,  and  possibly  by  sound,  and 
great  is  the  satisfaction  they  get  from 
the  excursions  and  in  knowing  some¬ 
thing  about  one  of  the  natural  sciences. 
Books  for  the  bird  student’s  use  are  no 
longer  expensive.  Circulating  libraries 
hold,  in  nearly  every  town,  a  shelf ful 
of  pleasant  reading  about  birds.  Some 
good  manual  for  instant  reference  is 
necessary  for  those  who  care  to  increase 
their  acquaintance  with  feathered  neigh¬ 
bors,  but  it  need  not  be  an  expensive 
volume.  Even  the  little  “Bird  Guide” 
by  Chester  A.  Reed,  a  book  scarcely 
larger  than  your  hand,  and  easy  to  slip 
in  the  pocket  or  reticule,  will  do  very 
well  if  there  is  a  library  to  which  puz¬ 
zling  questions  can  be  taken  for  more 
extended  reading  up.  The  pictures  of 
this  little  “Guide”  are  somewhat  colored 
and  sufficiently  accurate  for  identifica¬ 
tion  and  the  book  is  inexpensive. 

A  good  field  glass  is,  of  course,  the  pet 
possession  of  every  bird  gazer,  but  we 
need  not  wait  to  own  one  before  begin¬ 
ning  to  know  the  birds.  We  who  live 
where  the  birds  are  can  manage  to  get 
good,  enough  looks  at  their  markings  to 
identify  all  the  larger  sorts  and  there  is 
work  for  more  than  one  Summer  in 
studying  the  varieties  we  can  see  with- 
out  the  help  of  lenses.  But  a  notebook 
should  be  counted  a  necessity;  keep  it 
near  at  hand  during  April,  May  and 
June,  and  write  down  all  you  see,  all 
you  think  you  know,  with  memoranda 
of  things  you  want  to  know.  None  of 
us  will  produce  a  “Natural  History  of 
Selborne”  masterpiece,  but  we  shall  re¬ 
member  more  accurately  if  we  mean  to 
write  out  what  we  see,  anl  to  be  able 
to  turn  back  to  former  encounters  with 
a  puzzling  stranger  is  a  great  help  as 
well  as  satisfaction*  Leave  an  inch 
space  at  the  top  of  each  page  and  write 
there  the  names  of  the  birds  mentioned 
below.  Underlining  the  name  of  the 
bird  your  note  is  about  will  further  aid 
in  looking  up  former  impressions.  Al¬ 
ways  date  each  entry,  and  number  the 
book  s  pages,  and  write  the  year  at  each 
left  hand  top  corner  if  you  like  to  have 
things  perfectly  available.  You  can  then 
refer  back  to  notes  of  the  years  before 
or  make  an  index  of  the  warblers  identi¬ 
fied,  or  of  any  line  of  special  work  you 
grow  interested  in.  This  is  a  better  plan 
than  trying  to  keep  all  Springtime  entries 
together,  Autumn  notes  by  themselves, 
and  so  on.  Nor  is  it  possible  to  say 
our  say  about  any  particular  bird  except 
in  detached  paragraphs  as  knowledge  is 
gleaned.  When  you  see  an  unfamiliar 
bird  stare  at  it  with  all  your  eyes,  mean¬ 
while. repeating  over  to  yourself  a  definite 
description  of  what  you  see;  as,  for  in¬ 
stance,  “not  quite  so  large  as  a  catbird 
but  a  little  that  build,  a  good  deal  of 
black  above,  but  belly  white,  white 
patches  on  wings  and  some  on  tail,  some 
color  (red  or  brown)  along  sides.” 
Watch  the  bird  for  as  long  as  you  can, 
for  its  behavior  is  also  a  guide  to  its’ 
identity,  but  keep  the  words  of  your  de¬ 
scription  echoing  in  mind  till  you  can 
flee  to  your  notebook  and  there  set  them 
down.  This  done,  you  are  ready  for 
work  with  your  manual,  or  “Bird 
Guide,’  or  whatever  authorities  you  have 
to  consult.  Your  note  written,  y®u  may 
blur  memory  all  over  with  mental  pic- 
tures  of  other  birds  you  read  about,  but 
still  there  stands,  in  black  and  white, 
the  record  of  your  visual  impressions  so 
necessary  to  your  search. 

,,,S.u<ih, a  book  as  Mrs.  Mabel  Osgood 
Wright  s  “Citizen  Bird”  gives  one  ideas 
as  to  the  families  to  which  birds  belong. 

You  learn  after  watching  birds  a  while 
to  say  to  yourself,  when  you  have  seen 
a  bird  sitting  on  a  dead  limb  and  dart¬ 
ing  off  after  insects  captured  on  the 
wing,  "Probably  one  of  the  flycatchers.” 

If  your  bird  hammers  the  bark  of  a  tree 


you  soon  know  where  to  place  him.  If 
he  is  a  tiny  midget  and  is  always  on  the 
move,  dashing  about  in  the  treetops  and 
perhaps  lisping  a  wheezy  little  note,  you 
feel  perfectly  safe  in  searching  for  his 
name  among  the  warblers. 

In  the  back  of  your  notebook,  or  per¬ 
haps  in  a  separate  arrangement  with 
pages  long  from  left  to  right,  begin 
setting  down  the  dates  of  the  Spring 
arrivals  of  your  feathered  friends.  Once 
undertaken,  such  a  record  becomes  of 
lively  interest  to  a  country  dweller.  If 
you  have  time  for  roaming  afield  you 
learn  where  to  look  for  the  first  robins 
and  redwings.  If  you  must  wait  for 
them  to  appear  in  your  dooryard  to  the 
joy  of  welcoming  them  is  still  added  the 
zest  of  knowing  upon  what  date  they 
first  gladdened  the  place  the  season  be¬ 
fore.  One  way  of  keeping  such  a  record 
is  to  write  the  names  of  all  the  birds 
down  the  left  hand  margin  of  the  page. 
Have  the  paper  ruled  and  then  draw 
vertical  lines  perhaps  three-fourths  of 
an  inch  apart.  At  the  top  of  these  up- 
and-down  spaces  place  the  year’s  figures. 

I  hen  you  need  write  but  the  month  and 
day  m  the  space  against  the  bird’s 
name.  As  the  years  pass  you  will  come 
to  have,  on  one .  line  across  the  page, 
the  story  of  the  bird’s  earliest  appearing. 
There  will  be  blanks  where  you  forgot 
to  record  date,  years  when  there  was 
sickness,  or  a  visit  from  home  or  other 
interruption.  But  the  longer  your 
memoranda  grows  the  more  you  will 
value  it.  For  reasons  of  accuracy  as 
well  as  proprietorship  it  is  best  to  ac¬ 
cept  nobody’s  dates,  but  to  stick  to  your 
own  harvests  of  ear  and  eye. 

But,  after  all,  is  it  worth  while  to 
learn  to  know  the  birds?  Ask  anyone 
who  has  given  the  pastime  a  fair  grip 
upon  the  affections  and  do  not  fear  but 
you .  will  have  contracted  a  like  en¬ 
thusiasm  after  even  a  season’s  trial. 

_ _ A.  M.  T. 

How  to  Preserve  Goose  Grease 

\V  hen  I  have  any  goose  grease,  after 
it  is  rendered  I  put  it  in  bottles,  and  to 
every  pint  I  put  in  10  cents  worth  of 
camphor  gum,  set  it  into  a  can  of  hot 
water  and  set  it  on  the  back  of  the 
stove  until  melted.  Then  use  it  just  as 
you  would  camphor  oil,  to  rub  all  sore 
joints  or  painful  feet;  it  never  gets  bad, 
the  older  the  better.  -  e.  k. 


Buckwheat  Griddle  Cakes. 

He  had  never  said  anything  like  it  be¬ 
fore,  but  the  first  time  she  tried  the 
recipe  in  her  precious  “Boston  Cook 
-Book  for  buckwheat  griddle  cakes  the 
young  husband  remarked,  “These  cakes 
are  very  good,  Mary,  but  I  think  the 
ones  my  mother  used  to  make  were  a 
little  better.”  Thereupon  Mary,  like  a 
sensible  young  woman,  sat  down,  not  to 
9ry>  ,  u(j  write  to  her  mother-in-law 
m  Rhode  Island  for  directions  for  mak- 
mg'  those  superior  cakes.  She  has  used 
the  recipe  for  20  years,  and  if  the  bat¬ 
ter  is  baked  on  a  hissing  hot  griddle 
well  greased  with  butter  or  lard,  the 
cakes  are  a  rich  brown,  tender  and  de 
licious :  One  and  one-half  cups  buck 
wheat,  one-half  cup  flour,  one  table¬ 
spoonful  cornmeal,  pinch  of  salt,  one- 
fourth  of  a  yeast  cake  or  two-thirds  of 
a  cup  of  yeast.  Mix  witli  warm  water 
and  put  in  a  warm  place  over  night.  In 
the  morning  add  one  level  teaspoonful 
soda  dissolved  in  a  little  warm  water 
and  one  tablespoonful  of  molasses.  If 
there  is  any  of  the  batter  left,  save  it  to 
mix  with  next  time  instead  of  yeast. 

LOUISE  PRINCE  FREEMAN. 


l  HE  KUKAU  NEW-YORKEK 


SPEAR  Will  Trust  You 
Wherever  You  Live— Write 
For  His  Free  Catalog 


A  Personal 

Word 

/  » 

The  rich  and 
prosperous  class 
can  always  com¬ 
mand  the  lux¬ 
uries  of  life,  but 
the  average 
home  lover  needs 
the  Spear  System 
of  Credit  to  the 
Nation.  I  want 
1,000,000  families 
to  say  of  me:— 
He  helped  us 
to  furnish  and 
beautify  our 
homes.”  I  ask 
for  no  higher  tri¬ 
bute  to  my  life’s 
work.  Write  for 
my  Free  Catalog. 


NS  “*i!t6rvwher9  TOU  li  v0>  you  cm  buy  everything  needed 
tor  the  homo  from  us  on  credit  and  on  easy  payments 
„„  „to  Bult  your  convenience.  All  you  noed  to  do  is  to  mail 
na  your  name  and  address  and  we  will  at  once  send  you. 
»ro«,  our  Mammoth  Home  Furnishing  Catalog,  con¬ 
taining  illustrations  from  photographs  and  full  des¬ 
criptions  of  thousands  of  articles  in  Furniture,  Rugs, 
Carpets  and  Home  Furnishings  sold  by  US  on  long  time, 
open  account,  easy  credit  terms.  6 

Credit  Buying  Made  Easy 

,tho  ajA  of  the  Bie  SPenr  Bargain  Catalogue  you 
can  select  anything  you  want  from  hundrods  of  articles  In 

Refrigerators,  Washing  Machines, 

Carpels,  Clocks,  Baby  Carriages, 

J*u0»,  Sowing  Machines,  Go-Carts, 

Stoves,  Phonographs,  Silverware, 

Ranges,  Dishes,  Ac.,  Ac..  Ac. 

th o a,vnstly  larger  and  better  stock  than  even 

rl^ht>a?^M>me^wl,h*'yeur’faui^lly0at<yourIolbow.OUr  se*ec*;'ona 

Pay  When  Convenient 

Your  credit  Is  good  with  us.  Why  not  use  ltt 

Under  our  liberal,  open  account,  easy  payment  plan 
you  can  have  overy  possible  advantage  In  buying  for 
your  home  possessed  by  the  moBt  favored  and  well- 
to-do-shopper  in  the  city  stores.  Our  credit  sys- 
ext0nded  t0  honestpoople,  everywhere,  ro- 
gardloss  of  their  income.  You  need  not  deny  yonr- 
eelf  any  article  of  household  comfort  or  luxury  on 
account  of  a  lack  of  ready  cash.  Solect  what  you 
want  from  our  Catalog,  pay  a  little  cash  down  and 
a  little  each  month 


This  Beautiful 
Brussels  Rug 

Is  only  one  of 
v  many  great 
l^rug  bargains 
shown  In 
,  the  Spear 
Catalog. 
Send 
for  It 
now! 


Brussols  Rug,  9x12— 
SI. 50  down — 76o 
per  month 


Only  S2.2B  Down  and 
SI. OO  Per  Month 


Our  Prices  Are  The  Lowest 

Whilo  our  credit  terms  are  the  most  liberal  in  the 
■“  eofintry,  yet>  onr  prices  are  the  lowest. 

Ihis  is  bocauseofour  immonso  purchas¬ 
ing  power  and  enormous  volume  of  sales. 

YVo  buy  goods  in  such  vast  quantities 
thatwe  securo  better  prices  than  would 
bo  possible  to  smaller  concerns,  and 
by  extending  our  business  to  tens  of 
thousands  of  customers  all  over  the 
country,  we  can  afford  to  accept  just 
one  small  addod  profit  from  each  sale. 

We  allow  no  store  or  factory  on  earth 
to  undersell  ns.  Got  our  prices  and 
be  your  own  judge  of  whether  or  not  we 
save  you  from  20  to  50  por  .cent  on  your 
homo  furnishings. 

Take  A  Month  To  Decide 

Anything  yon  select  from 
.  our  Bargain  Catalog  will 

1  be  shipped  on  approval. 

Keep  the  goods  30  days, 
then  decide  to  buy  or  re¬ 
turn  at  our  expense.  Ifyou 
ore  not  fully  satisfied,  the 
goods  jnay  be  shipped  back 
to  ns  at  onr  expense  and  wo 
will  rofund  your  monoy. 

Big  Rocker  Bargain 

A  largo,  comfortable,  solid  oak 
Rocker  with  high,  widebaek,  fully 
tufted  and  buttonod  with  heavy 

Ml  ill  n/l  n  .1  C  .  ..  J.  J  _  V  *'•1 


Collapsible 
Go-Carts, 
—76c  down 
60c  ■  month 


Order  No.  \sk*v  j 

r  531  MRra  ramed  edge.  Boat  is  large  and  1 

_  _  *V.  OOM.  roomy, upholstered  with  high-grado  ’ 

Ppipa  (til  ftl?  black  Sylvan  leather  over  full  steel 

Flll/t?  $‘l*ri/')  spring  construction,  and  has  a  boautifully  ruf- 

n  1  edg0  ,to ^match  back.  Construction  is  solid 

Terms  75c  Casb  I01/*?0  °.alc  throughout,  with  high  gloss  golden 

With  Ordpp  finish.  Arms  are  wide,  front  posts  of  handsome 

wwis“  design.  Satisfaction  guaranteed  or  money  back. 

Balance  Payable  50c  Monthly  Write  For  Free  Catalog  Today 

SPEAR  &  COMPANY,  Department  19MM  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Makes  drudgery  in  a  hot  kitchen  a  thing 
of  the  pa-st.  Start  your  meals — put  into 
cooker- go  calling-return  to  find  hot 
meal  ready  to  serve.  Can't  over-cook. 
Makes  food  more  savory,— Saves  half  fuel. 

much  food.  Satisfaction  guaranteed _ _ 

write  for  free  catalog,— information 
about  free  trial  offer,— easy  payment 
plan,— and  we  will  send  you  a 

Coffee  Percolator  Free 

that  gives  you  as  finely  brewed 
coffee  as  can  bo  had  in  the  most 
expensive  restaurants.  Saves  cof¬ 
fee.  Write  now. 

W.R.RoYCEM^“5BY?g* 


THE  GREATEST 

results  in  cases  of  weak  di¬ 
gestion  are  obtained  from 
SCOTT'S  EMULSION 
because  when  ordinary  foods 
do  not  digest,  it  provides  the 
needed  nourishment  in 
highly  concentrated  form. 

Scott’s  Emulsion 

is  so  easily  digested  that  its 
strength  is  rapidly  absorbed 
by  the  youngest  babe  or 
most  delicate  adult. 

SCOTT'S  EMULSION 
is  the  food  that  strengthens 
the  race,  all  druggists 


Electric  Lights  make  the  brightest,  safest, 
cleanest  and  most  reliable  lighting  system 
known  for  farms  and  country  homes,  r  The 
Dayton  Electric  Lighting  Outfits  are  low  in 
cost,  easy  to  install,  cost  almost  nothing  to 
operate.  Give  you  better  lights  than  most  city 
people  enjoy.  Write  today  lor  complete  illus¬ 
trated  catalog  showing  outfits,  fixtures,  etc. 

DAYTON  ELECTRICAL  MFG.  CO. 

231  St.  Clair  Street  Dayton,  Ohio 


BROWN’S 

Bronchial  Troches 

can  be  depended  upon  to  relieve  Sore  Throat, 
Hoarseness,  Coughing  Spells  and  all  lung  affec¬ 
tions.  They  have  done  thissfor  half  a  century. 
Absolutely  harmless— contain  no  opiates. 

Price,  25c,  50c  and  $1.00.  Sample  free 
John  I.  Brown  &  Son  Boston,  Maas. 


WE  SHIPHIPPROVAl 

mthout  a  cent  deposit,  prepay  the  frelgh 
and  allow  to  DAYS  FREE  TRIAL. 

■J  ®  COSTS  one  cent  to  learn  ou 

UnH*?r*  °f  prices  and  marvelous  offer. 
on  highest  grade  1911  model  bicycles* 

FACTORY  PRICES  SSlA 

a  RJJr  of  ttr?s  *roni  anyone  at  any  pric, 
until  you  write  for  our  large  Art  Catalog 
;  and  learn iour  "wonder ful  proposition  on  fin 
sample  bicycle  going  to  your  town. 

RIDER  AGENTS 

money  exhibiting  and  selling  our  bicycles 
Wo  Soli  cheaper  than  any  other  factory. 

—  TIRES,  Coastar-Brakerearwheelo, 

J,  repairs  and  all  sundries  at  half  usual  prices. 
Do  Not  Walt;  write  today  for  our  special  efftr. 

MEAD  CYCLE  CO.f  Dept.  A80,  CHICAGO 


I^.Carpets.Curlains.Blaitos 


From  the 

Mill 

We  Ptiy 
Freight 


Manufacturers’  prices  save  yon 
dealers’  profits.  We  give  a  binding 
guarantee  of  satisfaction  and  save 
you  88  1-8  per  cent.  You  can 
buy  the  well-known  Regal  Rug, 

greatest  valueknown, $1.86.  Splendid  grade  Itrua- 

aels  Rug,  9x12  ft.,  $  1 1. 
Famous  In vlnclblcVcl. 
vets,  9x12  ft  .,$16.  Stan¬ 
dard  Axmlnnterg,  9X12 
ft.,  $18.60,  Fine  quali¬ 
ty  Lace  Curtains  45c  per 
pair  and  up.  Tapestry 
Curtains,  Wilton  Rugs, 
XdnoleumsatMill  prices. 

Write  to-day  for  our  NKW 
ILLUSTRATKD  CATALOG, 
No.  14.  Sent  free.  Shows  lat¬ 
est  designs  in  actual  colors. 

UNITED  MILLS  MFS.  CO. 
2451-246?  JSSPEg  *T..  PWU. 


MARKET  GARDENERS’  PAPER 

Weekly  Market  Growers*  Journal— only  paper^rinted 
especially  for  vegetable  growers.  $1.00  a  yeai?  62  is¬ 
sues.  £01*  10  cents  and  names  of  three  market  eraxdeners 
we  will  send  it  ten  weeks  with  our  popular  booklet 
-$25,000  a  Year  From  Twelve  Acres. ^Send  f oc  tree 
sample  copies — it  is  the  best  way  to  judge. 

Market  Growers’  Journal.  541  Walker  Bldg.,  Louisville,  Ky. 


WANATEE-FLORIDA 

Where  fortunes  are  made  on  small  farms 
Rowing  Oranges.  Grape  Fruit  and  Veg- 
_  stables.  Cheap  lands  now  available.  Quick 
transportation  low  freight  rates  to  Eastern 
and  Northern  markets  via  S.  A.  L.  Ry.  Two 
.and  three  crops  a  year,  net  $500  to  $1500 
A  Pff  acre.  Ideal  climate  year  round  —  no 
I  freezes  no  extreme  heat.  Write  for  illus¬ 
trated  booklet — it’s  free — address. 


J-  W.  WHITE,  Geo’1  Industrial  Aft. 

?/■ i  SI»BO*RO  AIN  LINE  NY. 

DCPT.  A 


NORFOLK,  VA. 


HOUSEWORK  HALVED 

By  Syracuse  “EASY”  Utilities 

SOLD  ON  TRIAL 


Syracuse  “  EASY  ”  Vacuum  Washer  cleans  completely  a  tubful  of  clothes  coarse 
or  delicate,  in  10  minutes  of  easy  effort.  Heat  water  right  in  rust  proof  steel  tub  No 
>  swinging  of  clothes  or  water.  Works  lii-e  a  cistern  pump.  Sold  on  30  days' trial. 

on  "marifet  '*  net'll!  YacVum  Cleaner,  hand  or  electric,  most  satisfactory 
SLvhi  *'|  (ri-  tS  ‘  ‘j16  dlrt  Wltt’°ut  railing  dust,  liasv  to  operate.  Very 

durable  and  efficient.  Send  for  free  booklet  and  Trial  Order  Form.  J 

DODGE  &  ZUILL,  224  J  Dillaye  Bldg.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


308 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Mar<  h  18, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 


MORE  ABOUT  THAT  HORSE  COMPANY. 

Referring  to  Mr.  W.  B.  Otto  s  reply 
to  my  story  of  “Our  Farmers’  Horse 
Company,”  see  page  89,  I  will  say  that 
in  all  probability  he  has  found  it  more 
or  less  embarrassing  to  himself,  but  I 
must  deny  that  the  hampering  of  these 
horse  peddling  companies  is  injurious  to 
the  horse  industry.  In  fact  I  thoroughly 
believe  that  these  very  companies  have 
done  more  to  retard  the  introducing  of 
good  draft  horses  into  the  Eastern  States 
than  any  one  thing.  While  it  would  be 
perfectly  right  and  probably  good  busi¬ 
ness  policy  for  a  number  of  farmers  to 
get  together  and  form  a  company,  and 
then  send  one  of  their  own  number  to 
some  reliable  breeder  or  importer  and 
buy  a  stallion,  I  claim  that  it  is  not 
good  policy  to  go  into  a  company  formed 
by  one  of  these  “peddlers first  because 
the  company  is  formed  by  the  peddlei 
with  the  sole  idea  of  selling  a  horse  and 
not  for  the  good  of  the  purchasers. 
Where  the  company  is  formed  by  the 
seller  he  usually  gives  a  bonus  first  to 
some  smooth-tongued  chap  to  introduce 
him  to  the  farmers.  Then  he  promises 
some  other  chap  the  management  of  the 
horse  to  get  his  influence  also.  This 
fact  in  itself  generally  works  the  ruin 
of  the  whole  concern. 

I  have  had  reports  from  all  over  the 
country,  and  they  almost  invariably  say 
that  the  horse  got  into  the  hands  of  an 
incompetent  man  who  did  not  properly 
care  for  him.  In  fact  he  did  not  try  to 
give  the  horse  the  proper  care,  but  col¬ 
lected  good  pay  for  little  work  and  got 
his  “rake-off”  in  that  manner.  Of  course 
the  horse  is  in  the  hands  of  a  board  of 
directors  nominally,  but  in  reality  the 
handler  of  the  horse  is  allowed  to  rum 
him  while  each  director  hesitates  about 
making  a  row  and  putting  the  horse  into 
proper  hands. 

Mr.  Otto  utterly  ignores  another  very 
important  thing  about  this  company 
forming.  He  cannot  deny  that  just  as 
soon  as  I  signed  the  contract  I  was 
bound  to  take  a  share  in  the  horse;  yet 
after  I  had  signed  they  proceeded  to  add 
other  signers  as  “fillers”  who  might  pay 
or  who  might  refuse  to  do  so.  What 
protection,  Mr.  Otto,  does  a  responsible 
man  have  who  signs  one  of  yom  con¬ 
tracts  for  a  share  of  stock  be  foie  the, 
whole  company  has  been  formed?  How 
does  he  know  that  you  will  not  allow 
irresponsible  men  to  sign  afterwards  and 
that  he  will  not  be  called  upon  to  settle 
for  them? 

Of  course  Mr.  Otto’s  talk  about  the 
profits  to  be  made  from  raising  colts  does 
not  enter  at  all  into  the  question.  A 
stockholder  must  pay  for  his  service  fee 
just  the  same  as  an  outsider.  This  ser¬ 
vice  fee  is  considered  to  be  a  fair  re¬ 
compense  for  the  horse,  and  when  it  is 
paid  the  matter  ends  so  far  as  the 
horse  is  concerned.  If  the  raising  of  the 
colt  proves  to  be  a  good  investment  that 
should  be  credited  to  the  general  ability 
of  the  man  who  raises  the  colt,  and  Mr. 
Otto  has  no  right  to  claim  all  future 
profits  as  belonging  to  the  horse. 

j.  grant  horse. 


and  one  must  be  well  prepared  in  ex¬ 
perience  and  housing  to  be  successful 
with  them.  After  trials  of  various 
breeds,  the  Dorset  grade  has  proved  to 
answer  his  purpose  most  satisfactorily, 
and  he  is  selecting  his  young  stock  ac¬ 
cordingly.  The  strong  points  of  the  Dor¬ 
set  grade  are  that  lambs  come  early, 
and  the  ewes  stand  up  well  under  heavy 
feeding.  He  laid  particular  emphasis 
on  keeping  the  ewes  always  in  good  con¬ 
dition — indeed,  rather  too  fat  than  too 
lean.  In  fact,  he  counts  on  a  10  per  cent 
loss  annually  due  in  part  to  heavy  feed¬ 
ing.  As  he  expressed  it,  “I  would  rather 
have  some  die  fat  than  have  the  flock  all 
alive  and  lean.”  He  considers  clover 
hay  essential  for  roughage,  although 
during  recent  years  he  has  fed  more 
grain  and  less  hay,  owing  to  high  prices. 
He  has  not  had  much  success  in  raising 
Alfalfa,  but  believes  where  it  can  be  easily 
grown  it  would  probably  be  an  improve¬ 
ment  over  clover  in  the  saving  of  grain. 
He  finds  oats  his  most  valuable  grain 
feed  for  milking  ewes,  and  before  they 
lamb  as  well.  Corn  or  bran  alone  does 
not  produce  good  results.  His  present 
mixture  is  by  measure  one-third  oats, 
one-third  crushed  corn  and  one-third 
bran,  one  quart  per  ewe  at  a  feed,  and 
finds  the  same  mixture  answering  well 
for  the  young  lambs.  The  lambs  have 
a  special  pen  they  can  run  into  to  feed 
in  and  generally  begin  eating  at  three 
weeks.  The  result  of  such  feeding  is 
that  the  ewes  and  their  lambs  are  always 
in  good  condition  and  find  a  ready  sale 
in  Washington  market,  the  latter  bring¬ 
ing  $5  to  $G  apiece  on  the  average,  and 
in  the  case  of  the  earliest  as  high  as  $8. 
The  wool  crop  is  also  much  increased 
and  improved  by  this  care.  The  earliest 
lambs  sell  at  35  to  40  pounds  weight, 
and  continue  to  fall  in  price  per  pound 
until  it  takes  a  80  pound  Spring  lamb  to 
equal  a  Winter  lamb  in  value.  We  must 
consider,  however,  on  the  other  hand, 
the  heavy  expense  of  feeding  and  hous¬ 
ing  in  cold  weather,  and  that  Winter 
lambs  can  only  be  profitably  cared  for  by 
an  experienced  grower,  one  who  has  the 
sheep  constantly  in  heart  and  mind,  and 
who  is  not  afraid  of  being  confined  to 
the  place  during  the  season  or,  of  fre¬ 
quently  losing  sleep.  The  pay  is  good, 
but  the  grower  of  Winter  lambs  earns 
his  money.  reuben  brigham. 

Maryland. 


CARE  OF  WINTER  LAMBS. 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  our  local 
Orange,  one  of  our  most  successful  fai- 
mers,  who  has  made  them  a  specialty, 
gave  a  short,  practical  talk  on  Winter 
lambs.  He  is  a  practical  man,  who  after 
years  of  hard  work  and  sensible  manage¬ 
ment  is  able  to  say  without  fear  ol  criti¬ 
cism,  “Do  as  I  do”— a  reputation  which 
any  young  farmer  may  well  spend  a  life¬ 
time  of  study  and  faithful  application  In 
acquiring.  He  began  with  a  preliminary 
observation,  that  the  writer  believes  well 
founded  in  fact,  that  on  a  large  farm 
with  plenty  of  pasturage  and  lack  of  in¬ 
telligent  labor,  Spring  lambs  are  more 
profitable  to  handle.  The  Winter  lamb 
requires  heavy  feeding  and  constant  care, 


THE  OLD 


You  Only  Open 
Your  Door • 

A  SHARPLES 

Tubular  Cream 
Separator 

will  be  delivered  right  at  your  home  and  set  up 
ready  for  use.  You  pay  nothing  i n  advance— pay 
no  freight— do  not  haul  it— do  not  even  unbox  it. 
You  simply  open  your  door  when  the  Tubular 
comes.  You  are  shown  how  to  use  it.  It  is 
left  with  you  for  thorough.  Free  Trial. 

90  out  of  100  farmers  who  try  Tubulars  buy 
Tubulars.  That  is  because  Dairy  Tubulars  are 
1  ater  than  and  different  from  all  others— produce 
twice  the  skimming  force  — contain 
neither  disks  nor  other  contraptions — 
wear  alifetime— are  guaranteed  forever 
by  America’s  oldest  and  world’s  big¬ 
gest  cream  separator  concern. 

You  can  prove  for  yourself,  without 
trouble  o  r  ex¬ 
pense,  that  you 
can  own  and  use 
The  World’s  Best 
for  less  than  any 
other.  How  can 
you  afford  to  risk 
anything  on  any 
“mailorder”  ~ 
or  other  (so 
called)  cheap 
machine  that 
lasts,  on  an 
average,  only 
one  year? 

Write  for 
catalogue 
No.  153, 
and  free 
trial. 


30 

yrs 


THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO., 

WEST  CHESTER,  PA. 

Chicago,  Ill.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Portland,  Ore. 
Toronto,  Can.  W lnnlpcg.  Can. 


Which  Way 
is  Best? 


THE  NEW 


S 


ol 


The  hard,  irksome  sweaty  labor  with  a  hand  shear; 
the  tired,  aching  swollen  wrist  of  the  shearer; 
the  maimed  and  mangled  sheep  from  it;  the 

_ .  — uneven  shearing,  cutting  the  animal  in  some 

I  (Si  places  and  leaving  an  inch  of  wool  in  others; 

the  fleece  in  shreds  and  tatters  and  spoiled  with  second  cuts,  OR  the  easy  turning,  fast,  even  shearing  o.  a 

Stewart  No.  9  Ball  Bearing  Machine 


that  anyone  can  do;  the  fleece  taken  off  smoothly  and  quickly  in  one  unbroken  blanket,  With  every  fiber  at  «s  longest, 
with  not  a  scratch  of  any  kind  to  the  sheep  and  with  all  the  wool  secured,  enough  more,  « 

to  bring  you  from  15c  to  40c  more  from  each  sbeepi  That’s  wbat  you  can  do  with  this  Stewart  No.  9  Machine. 
It  requires  no  expert  labor  to  use  a  Stewart  Shearing  Machine.  Any  of  the  help  can  do  it. 

The  machine,  all  complete,  with  ball  bearings  in  every  joint  and  having  a  ball  bearing  shear¬ 
ing  head,  and  including  four  combs  and  four  cutters,  costs  only  ......... 

This  machine  turns  easier  and  shears  faster  than  any  other  shearing  machine  we  have  ever  pro- 
duced.  It  is  a  big  advance  over  anything  else  on  the  market.  Get  one  from  your  dealer  or  send  S2  je  ^1  ship 
C  O  D.  for  the  balance.  Write  today  for  new  1911  catalogue  and  our  free  copyrighted  book,  Instructions  on 
Shearing  Sheep”  by  the  leading  American  expert.  _ 

*  -  143  LaSalle  Av.  CHICAGO 


:ewart  No.  9  Machine. 

*H.50 


CHICAGO  FLEXIBLE  SHAFT  COMPANY, 


II  O  XL  SES _ 

TITT3  PERCHERON  SOCIETT 
OF  AMERICA 

Has  iust  taken  over  all  records  and  business 
of  I’brcheron  llegistery  Company  of  Colum¬ 
bus,  Ohio.  215  breeders  took  membership  In 
P.  S.  of  A.  during  Dec.  and  January  alone. 

137  more  new  members  added  thru  recent  ac¬ 
quirement  named  above.  There  is  now  but  one 
recognized  Society  in  the  United  St  ates record¬ 
ing  Percherons.  For  information  address: 

WAYNE  0INSM0RE,  Secretary,  Union  Stock  Yards, Chicago, III. 


PAXTLY  CATTIiE 

Manlp  Hnrvt  Stark  Farms  6uilford,  Conn.,  offer  the  fol- 
Mapie  Hursi  mock  ranns,  ]owing'Gilt  ^dge  Stock  for 

1  Y  \  _ VnnvlNirs  Ullll  (  VO  (T- 


ERCHERON 

STALLIONS  AND  MARES 

Imported  and  home-bred.  The  best  lot  ever 
shown  in  this  country.  Quality,  price,  guarantee  right. 
For  30  years  an  importer  and  breeder  of  prize  winners. 

KLffOOl)  S  .  AKIN 
170  South  Street,  Auburn,  N.  Y. 


'  __  __  _  __  lUYY14Kx«UI»  av* 

sale.  One  magnificent  Yearling  Guernsey  Bull  (reg- 
istorod) ;  one  full  blooded  Jersey  Bull  (registered). 
Dams  of  both  extra  heavy  producers.  Jersey 
Sire,  Hood  Farm  Pogis;  Guernsey  sire,  Fantira  s 
Zac  Taylor  (imported).  One  registered  Berkshire 
Boar  5  mos.  old,  perfect  form  and  breeding  cannot 
be  beat.  One  Chester  White  Boar  9  mos.  oid,  pure 
bred,  quick  and  sure,  an  exceptional  animal,  price 
right  12  Single  and  Double  Comb  R.  I.  Red  Cock¬ 
erels  $3.00  each  (Tuttle  Strain).  Bred  for  utility  as 
well  as  beauty.  Full  blooded  Imperial  Pekin  Duck 
Eggs  for  hatching  $1.00  per  13— $0.00  per  hundred. 
Full  blooded  S.  and  D.  C.  R.  I.  Red  Eggs  tor  hatch¬ 
ing.  Guaranteed  100#  fertility  from  our  L  tility  Pens. 
$1.00  per  1G— $4.00  per  hundred.  The  above  stock  is 
guaranteed  to  be  pure  bred  and  the  price  is  right. 


Highland  View  Stock  Farm. 

Thirty-five  purebred  registered  Pereheron  Stallions 
and  Mares  for  sale.  Stallions  from  $300  up,  mares 

from  tm  TO.  A*i5?S .^aS^EmS5&,  Pm 


Cfl  Pereheron  and  Belflian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 

DU  at  farmers’  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O.. 
Oil  Ponna  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O. 


FOR  SALE  OR  EXCHANGE, 

Hackney  and  Standard  Bred  Brood  Mares,  Stal¬ 
lions  and  Fillies,  Aberdeen  Angus  cattle.  Could 
use  Pereheron  mares,  mules,  !}"^m"G'1e-new. 
Send  for  Catalog  of  Stock.  DELAWARE  STOCK 
FARM,  Myer  &  Son,  Prop.,  Bndgeville,  Del. 


JS -W  DC  3ST  E 


01bs-9Tfonihs 

Jersey  Reds  fatten  easily  &  quickly.  * 

{Small-boned,  loug-bodled,  vigorous 
&prolitlc.  Meat  unsurpassed.  1I»V« 
some  choice  offerings  now.  Write 
for  catalog  and  prices.  Arthur  J* 
t Collins,  Box  K,  MoorestowruNj J- 


Reg.  P.  Chinas,  Berkshires,  C.  Whites. 


Fine,  large  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 
Pups,  Beagles  and  Poultry. Wntefor 


prices  &  circulars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Middletown  Pa. 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.  ";', 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  linersaUsokl. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  to sci- 
vice  of  Watson’s  Masterpiece.  51411  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  n< ew 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON.  Pioprietor,  Marhledale,  Conn. 

LARGE  YORKSHIRE  HOGS 

Am  now  booking  orders  for  fi  week  old  Pigs,  Regis¬ 
tered,  at  $15.00  per  pair.  If  you  are  looking  for  the 
genuine  Bacon  Hog,  try  a  pair  this  spring.  Address 

HILLHURST  FARM,  Orchard  Park,  N.  Y. 


I  ARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD-Special  Offering 
L  of  Service  Boars.  Good  useful  Boars,  $30  to  $40. 
Fancy  Boars  for  the  breeder  and  exhibitor,  $o0  and 
up  They  should  develop  into  800-pound  Lours  at 
maturity,  H.  C.  &  H.  B.  HARPENDING,  Dundee,  N.  Y. 

nsinftnc  the  rig,  deep  fellows 

(JwiliPUd  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHENANGO  R1VKK  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 

CHELD0N  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
O  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars  Best  of  breeding. 

C.  E.  BARNES,  Oxford,  N.  Y. _ _ 

LARGE  BERKSHIRES 

Orders  hooked  for  Spring  Pigs.  August  and 
September  pigs  from  litters  averaging  ten. 

.  .  .  Catalogue  on  application  ... 

WILLOUGHBY  FARM,  Gettysburg:,  I  a. 


To  Avoid  Inbreeding,  We  Will  Sell  Our 
HERD  HULL 

AMERICA  DE  KOI  BURKE, 

A  great  son  of  the  great  De  Kol  Burke.  It  will 
pay  you  to  come  and  see  him.  Write  for  pedigree. 
Several  young  calves  out  of  A.K.O.  dams  for  sale. 

CLOY  Kit  It  ALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

C.  S.  Lunt,  Owner  J.  J.  Eden,  Manager 

IKrftHOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somekviiae,  N.  J. 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEI N-FRI  ESI  AN  ASS’N  OF  AMERICA 
K. L. HOUGHTON. SEC’Y, BOX  t OS, BRATTLEBORO.VT. 


Robinson’s  HOLSTEINS  are  Producers 

They  are  Tuberculin  Tested.  Forty  just  fresh  and 
that  will  freshen  in  the  next  two  months,  with 
milk  records  from  8,000  to  12,000  lbs.  in  the  last 
year.  .  V.  D.  ROBINSON,  Kdmkston,  N.  Y. 

LAUREL  FARM  JERSEYS 

breed  regularly,  and  their  calves  live.  Fern  s  Jubi¬ 
lee  still  heads  the  herd.  What  do  you  want  ?  . 

Will  also  sell  full  blooded  Morgan  filly,  coming 
2  and  a  beauty,  at  $100. 

J.  GRANT  MOUSE,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 

Breed  Up-Not  Dowrfo’r.ritS'lo 

.buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  U.F. 
i  SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa, 

Eureka  Stock  Farm-  and  Heifers,  t>  months  to  2 

years  old.  Chester  White,  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  Pups  and  a  variety 
of  poultry.  Send  two-cent  stamp  for  circular. 

EDWARD  WALTER,  West  Chester.  Pa. 

AYS11IRK  BULL  CALF  FOR  SALE— Born  Nov 
1  1910,  also  yearling  bull.  These  are  good  ones 
backed  by  advanced  register  stock  and  at  reason 
able  prices.  O.  W.  BRUSIE,  Millerton,  N.  Y 


FOR  SALE— Three  Jersey  heifers,  a  year  old  In  May. 

$20  and  $25  each.  Out  of  a  Register  of  Merit 
b„ll.  GEO.  L.  B'EllRIS,  Atwater,  N.  Y. 


A  BERKSHIRE  OR  DUROC  PIG  given  for  a 
A  few  hours  of  your  time.  Stamp  for  particulars. 
PENNA  BERKSHIRE  CO.,  Faiinettsburg,  Pa, 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  ,  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENNY  AN,  N.  Y 


REGISTERED  AYRSHIRES 

A  few  choice  young  cows,  also  young  stock  of  either  sex, 
from  first-class  milkers,  at  reasonable  prices.  Correspond¬ 
ence  solicited.  F.  H.  Cookingliam,  Cherry  Creek,  A.  i . 


Milk  Producers  information  howkto 

form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisvillo.  2s.  j  . 


33  O  G  S 


nm  I  1C  DU  DC— From  imported  stock.  Females 

uULLIl  I  U  Io  cheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 


R  E  GIST  E  R  E  D  BE  R  K  S  H  I  R 

SPRING  OFFERING  OF  PIGS 


E  S 


8  to  12  weeks  ola  in 
_  _  _  pairs  or  trios  no  akin 

From  such tcrou£ gSm-t  iwt.d^!lrw!l!haTOt1«MriS[l»t 

»  ■“«  *»' reals***. Satisfaction  guaranteed 

or  no  sale.  Address  Col.  HENRY  HOLLYD  AY,  Jr.  Saint  Aubin  Farm,  Easton,  Md. 


‘How  to  Raise  Calves  Cheaply  and  Successfully  Without  Milk" 

Contains  full  information  and  complete  feeding  direction,  lor  using 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal— The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute 

Three  or  four  calves  can  be  raised  on  it  at  the  cost  of  one  where  milk  is  fed 
No  mill  feed  The  only  calf  meal  manufactured  in  an  exclusive  Calf  Meal  factory 
Established  at  Leicester.  England,  in  1 803, 

Blatchford’s  Cali  Meal  Factory,  Waukegan,  Ill. 


1911. 


HOW  “PROCESS  BUTTER”  IS  MADE. 

I  have  a  quantity  of  rancid  butter.  I  am 
told  there  is  a  way  of  working  such  stuff 
over  so  as  to  make  it  salable.  How  is  it 
done?  j.  l.  s. 

We  have  had  a  good  many  questions 
like  the  above  lately — more  than  ever 
before.  The  worked-over  stuff  is  known 
as  "process”  or  “renovated”  butter.  Most 
State  laws  and  the  Federal  law  require 
it  to  be  specially  marked  when  offered 
for  sale.  There  are  several  ways  of 
handling  the  fearful  stuff  which  some¬ 
times  accumulates  in  country  stores  or 
homes.  With  a  small  amount  the  old 
plan  was  to  bury  it  in  the  ground  for  a 
time.  Probably  if  the  butter  were 
wrapped  in  parchment  and  cloth  and 
then  covered  for  a  time  with  powdered 
charcoal  the  bad  odors  would  be  taken 
out  of  it.  Charcoal  is  one  of  the  best 
purifiers.  Melting  will  usually  drive  off 
the  strong  smell,  but  when  cooled  the 
melted  butter  would  look  like  salve.  The 
usual  plan  followed  by  the  manufactur¬ 
ers  is  about  as  follows : 

“The  butter  to  be  made  over  is  put 
into  a  tank  having  outer  compartment 
for  steam — a  jacketed  kettle.  The  but¬ 
ter  is  melted  and  allowed  to  stand 
quietly  so  that  solid  sediment  matter 
may  settle  and  light  frothy  matter  rise. 
The  latter  is  skimmed  off.  The  clear 
oil  is  then  drawn  into  another  vessel 
and  air  is  pumped  into  it,  the  rising 
bubbles  of  air  serving  to  remove  odors 
due  to  the  poor  quality  of  material 
originally  used.  Sometimes  a  stream  of 
air  is  continued  for  more  than  an  hour. 
The  oil  is  then  allowed  to  run  through 
a  flat  nozzle  directly  into  a  tank  of 
ice  water,  where  it  quickly  congeals 
and  forms  small  masses  not  unlike  the 
appearance  of  butter  in  the  churn  when 
it  is  in  a  granular  form.  It  is  then 
put  into  a  churn  and  agitated  more  or 
less  with  well-ripened  skimmed  milk. 
The  milk  is  allowed  to  drain  off  and 
sometimes  the  butter  is  washed  a  little. 

It  is  then  salted,  worked  and  finished 
the  same  as  butter.” 


'THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


CHECKERS  START  A  FARMERS’  IN¬ 
STITUTE. 

Cavalier  has  the  record  for  having  the 
largest  farmers’  institute  in  North  Da¬ 
kota,  and  checkers  is  the  thing  that 
seems  to  be  responsible  for  the  start. 
During  the  Winter  evenings  checkers 
was  the  game  that  was  played,  and  being 
a  quite  common  game  it  led  to  a  checker 
tournament  in  the  Winter  of  1908.  In 
making  the  arrangements  for  this  the 
citizens  of  Cavalier  took  a  great  deal  of 
interest  in  making  preparations  for  en¬ 
tertaining  the  visitors.  Everyone  seemed 
bent  on  doing  something,  so  that  it 
proved  a  very  pleasant  time  for  all  con¬ 
cerned.  When  farmers’  institute  was  to 
be  held  in  1909  they  took  hold  of  that 
in  the  same  way,  appointing  committees 
on  publicity,  reception,  decoration  and 
banquet.  The  publicity  committee  send 
out  personal  invitations  to  farmers  all 
over  the  county,  as  well  as  to  see  that 
the  papers  make  the  proper  announce¬ 
ments.  The  committee  on  reception,  in 
addition  to  other  duties,  such  as  meeting 
the  trains,  makes  a  canvass  of  the  city 
finding  out  who  has  rooms  that  can  be 
spared  for  the  visitors.  The  hotels  can¬ 
not  begin  to  take  care  of  the  large 
numbers  that  come.  These  rooms  are 
then  listed  at  the  telephone  office  and 
whoever  wants  a  room  has  only  to  go 
there  and  register  for  it.  No  charge  is 
made  for  the  room.  The  committee  on 
banquet  provides  for  the  banquet,  which 
is  given  just  before  the  evening  session 
the  first  day.  This  committee  also  pro¬ 
vides  dinner  for  all  the  visitors  both 
days.  Each  year  the  attendance  has 
grown,  till  now  there  is  no  hall  large 
enough  to  accommodate  it,  so  at  least 
two  meetings  are  held  at  the  same  time, 
the  speakers  going  back  and  forth. 

One  of  the  features  this  year  was 
the  ladies’  meeting,  which  was  held  in 
the  Methodist  Church.  This  was  con¬ 


ducted  by  Miss  Anna  Barrows,  of  Co¬ 
lumbia  University,  and  Mrs.  L.  Campbell, 
of  the  Agricultural  College.  The  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  Commercial  Club  figure  that 
they  can  do  no  better  than  to  encourage 
good  farming,  and  they  are  doing  all 
they  can  to  bring  better  methods  into 
practice.  They  consider  this  the  wisest 
expenditure  that  they  can  make  of  any 
money  that  they  raise  for  furthering 
their  interests.  The  expense  is  not  great 
either.  This  year  it  was  about  $300. 

W.  C.  PALMER. 

Stiffness  in  Mare. 

I  wish  to  know  what  to  do  for  a  mare 
which  on  getting  up  in  the  morning  is  stiff 
in  all  four  legs,  and  very  weak  and  trem¬ 
bling,  has  a  watery  discharge  from  the  nos¬ 
trils  Horse  has  a  good  appetite.  After 
using  awhile  the  stiffness  leaves.  J.  u.  li. 
West  Virginia. 

Clip  the  mare  and  blanket  her  if  stable 
is  cold.  Have  ventilation  perfect  and  allow 
her  a  roomy  box  stall.  Work  or  exercise 
her  every  day.  Feed  plenty  of  whole  oats, 
bran  and  mixed  hay.  A  damp,  hot,  badly 
ventilated  stable  might  cause  the  trouble. 

a.  s.  A. 

Scours. 

I  have  a  herd  of  cows  and  young  stock 
that  are  having  stomach  trouble,  bowels 
being  very  loose  I  have  been  feeding  grain, 
hay,  cornstalks,  millet  and  green  oats  and 
have  had  no  trouble  before.  The  cows  have 
lessened  their  milk  almost  half  and  ene 
cow  seems  to  be  a  little  sick.  Can  you  sug¬ 
gest  the  cause  and  what  could  be  done  for 

thom?  o.  A.  L. 

Connecticut. 

One  or  other  of  the  foods  is  disagreeing 
with  the  cows.  Millet  or  green  oats  would 
be  most  likely  to  cause  trouble,  but  moldy 
food  of  any  kind  is  apt  to  induce  diarrhoea. 
Reject  any  moldy  food  and  omit  millet  and 
green  oats.  Add  grain  and  bran  to  the  ra- 
tion.  By  removal  of  the  cause  recovery 
will  ensue  quickly  without  use  of  medicine. 

a.  s.  A. 

Colt  with  Cataract. 

I  just  bought  a  two-year-old  colt,  coming 
three  years ;  thought  her  all  right.  Her 
eyes  ran  a  little  when  I  got  her.  I  called 
a  veterinary.  He  said  she  had  cataracts  in 
both  eyes,  and  there  was  no  help  for  her. 
She  has  two  wolf  teeth.  Her  eyes  look 
well,  but  a  little  water  runs  from  them  at 
times.  If  there  is  no  help  for  her,  can  I 
get  my  money  back?  She  is  a  valuable 
colt  and  I  paid  cash  for  her  three  weeks 

a&°;  a.  i.  n. 

New  York. 

Wolf  teeth  never  in  any  way  affect  a 
horse  s  eyes.  If  cataract  is  present,  it  is 
incurable,  and  will  have  caused  blindness. 

It  follows  repeated  attacks  of  periodic 
ophthalmia  (moon  blindness),  which  is  in¬ 
curable.  If  you  have  a  written  guaranty 
that  the  colt  was  sold  as  sound,  the  pres¬ 
ence  of  cataract  would  nullify  the  sale,  as 
such  conditions  do  not  come  on  sudden  y. 

a.  s.  a. 

Cow  with  Itching  Skin;  Branding. 

1.  My  cow  rubs  herself  until  hair  is  off  in 
spots,  particularly  on  sides  of  face  and 
neck.  She  seems  constipated ;  otherwise 
all  right.  2.  Does  anyone  make  branding 
irons  with  numbers  for  marking  cattle?  I 
have  tried  every  kind  of  tag  that  I  have 
seen  advertised,  also  the  tattoo  with  ink; 
could  never  see  any  nuinDer  with  that,  and 
the  tags  get  torn  out  where  cows  are  pas¬ 
tured  in  woods.  I  would  like  to  brand  the 
number  on  the  neck  or  shoulders  so  they 
would  always  be  sure  to  fit  the  papers 
Virginia.  a.  j.  c. 

1.  Give  the  cow  a  handful  of  glauber  salts 
in  soft  feed  or  drinking  water  twice  daily 
until  her  bowels  are  normal.  Wash  af- 
feeted  parts  of  skin  with  a  1-50  solution  of 
coal  tar  dip,  and  when  dry  rub  in  sulphur 
ointment  and  repeat  as  required.  2.  You 
would  have  to  order  such  brands  from  a 
dealer  in  instruments.  Why  not  try  metal 
tags  strung  on  at  strong  leather  strap 
around  each  cow’s  neck?  a  s  a 


tie© 


DONT 

•A  - 

BLAME 
THE 

SCRUB  COW 


/ 


.  tv 


A  well  known  authority  on  profit¬ 
able  dairying  has  said:  “Don’t  blame  the. 
scrub  cow,  it  may  be  the  fault  of  the  scrub  feeder.' 

A  scrub  cow  can’t  “make  good”  on  “scrub”  feed.  Give  it 
a  little  “thoroughbred”  feeding  and  ybu’ll  be  getting  more  like 
thoroughbred  returns. 

The  true  value  of  any  feed  is  measured  by  the  amount  o! 
actual  nourishment  and  insult-producing  properties  contained  in 
a  given  quantity. 

If  a  feed  at  $25  per  ton  will  bring  you  better  results  per 
dollar  invested  than  a  feed  at  $22  per  ton  you  are  going  to  get 
the  $25  feed,  aren’t  you?  Yes,  because  it’s  cheaper  for  you  and 
better  for  your  cattle. 

If  you  buy  feed  on  the  strength  of  the  results  you  can  get 
from  it,  then  you’ll  buy  ELMCO. 

Samples  and  prices  are  yours  for  the  asking.  Get  them 
today.  It’s  worth  your  while 

LISTMAN  MILL  COMPANY, 

LA  CROSSE.  WISCONSIN. 

Sole  Millers  of 


SAVE  60%  ON  “BRECO” 


ROOFING 


Freight  Prepaid  —  Book  FREE _ _  _  _  _ 

DON’T  spend  adollar  for  roofing  until  you  get  our  low  dlreet  factory  prices  and  test 
our  old  reliable  *  BRECO"— guaranteed  waterproof,  fire-resisting!  durable  Rub- 
ber  Roofing.  Made  by  our  own  special  process, of  long-fibre  wool  fel  t,  sa tu rated 

coated^o'n  both  sides!!  Longest  Guarantee 

or  money  back.  We  pay  freight  to  all  points  east  of  the  western  “ 

of  Minnesota.  Iowa.  Missouri,  and  north  of  south  line  of  Tennessee.  Don’t  delay 
writing:  such  special  prices  may  not  be  offered  to  you  again.  Write  now  tortav— 

THE  BREESE  BROS.  CO.,  Roofing  Department  1  it  CINCINNATI,  OHIO 


Ll 


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BUSHELS  MORE 

POTATOES 
PER  ACRE 
Where  Planted  With 


Average  results  obtained  in  a  careful,  thorough  test 
against  a  “-picker”  planter  by  Maine  State  Rx penmen- 

rll  ytntion  in  lfilfi  A  ..I- _ _ ,  ■  x _ .1.  — 


(Improved  Robbins) 

Potato  Planter  tal  Station,  in  19X0.  Ask  us ’quick  for  tbe  proof— we 
Rnllntin  No  i«s  .  will  seud  you  now  bona  fide  copy  o  :  their  report  in  . 

Bulletin  No.  188,  which  will  be  ready  about  MaTCb  16th.  Shows  exact  results  Alio  com-  V 
parison  of  crel  culture,  high  and  moderate  ridging.  100  per  cent,  perfect  plauthie  is  what  -U 
no  doubles,  no  misses  no  in.iury  to  seed.  Address,  Mas  on'mr  seat  makes 

BATEMAN  M’F’O  CO.  Box  102 M  Grenloeh.  N.  J.  eorreetlon. 


JOHNSTON 

farm  machines 

HRST'-QOAUTV 


A  good  name  is  more  to  be  prized 
than  money  and  riches. 

The  name  JOHNSTON  is  recog¬ 
nized  by  farmers  of  two  continents  as 
indicative  of  QUALITY. 

Every  JOHNSTON  user  knows 
that  he  has  a  better  machine  than  his 
neighbor— and  even  his  neighbor  has  to 
admit  the  superiority  of  JOHNSTON 
machines  when  he  observes  how  they 
surpass  ordinary  machines  in  actual 
performance,  overcoming  all  obstacles 
of  soil  and  grain  conditions,  doing 
better  work,  and  doing  it  easier. 

JOHNSTON  machines  eost  less  to 
maintain  than  less  carefully  constructed 


tools  and  give  many  more  years  of  per¬ 
fect  service.  They  represent  the  most 
advanced  development  along  truly 
practical  lines.  There  is  nothing  ex¬ 
perimental,  impractical  or  “freakish” 

IJOHN3TON1 

ity,  strength  and 
durability  are 
given  especial  at¬ 
tention.  They  are 
made  by  the  origi¬ 
nal  independent 
company  to  give 
perfect  satisfac¬ 
tion. 


JOHNSTON  HARVESTER  CO., 


We  suggest  you  write  to-day  for 
the  JOHNSTON  1911  catalog -it  is  lull 
of  valuable  information  concerning 
JOHNSTON  Grain  Binders,  Reapers. 
Manure  Spreaders.  Rakes,  Spring 
and  Spike  Tooth  Harrows,  Side-De¬ 
livery  Rakes,  Corn  Binders,  Mowers, 
Tedders,  Hay  Loaders,  Disc  and 
Orchard  Harrows,  and  Land  Rollers 
—all  with  a  recognized  reputation 
lor  being  the  most  perfectly  con¬ 
structed  machines  made,  yet  they 
cost  the  farmer  no  more  than 
cheaply-built  tools. 

Send  postal  for  catalog 
to-day,  or  state  what  tool 
you  are  interested  in  and 
we  will  also  send  booklet. 

BATAVIA,  N  Y. 


March  18, 


370 

SUMMER  SILAGE  WITHOUT  A  SILO. 

Cured  in  the  Stack. 

Part  II. 

The  expense  of  building  a  silo  is  the 
first  objection  that  arises  with  many, 
when  the  subject  of  silage  is  mentioned, 
but  it  is  not  a  matter  that  enters  very 
largely  into  the  expense  of  making  silage 
from  peas  and  oats  and  similar  crops, 
for  Summer  feeding.  A  few  rough 
boards  or  slabs,  stood  upright,  and  some 
stout  planks  for  ribs  or  hoops  to  hold 
them  in  place,  are  all  that  are  needed, 
simply  a  cage  or  rough  crib,  into  which 
to  pack  the  peas  and  oats  whole,  the 
sides  being  for  no  other  purpose  than 
to  hold  the  stack  in  shape  and  allow 
of  solid  tramping  about  the  edges.  A 
stack  10  or  12  feet  square,  and  that  much 
or  more  in  height,  after  settling,  will 
hold  a  good  many  peas.  The  pile  or 
stack  can  be  placed  outside  or  in  the 
building,  to  suit  the  convenience  of  the 
parties  interested,  and  where  appearance 
is  a  consideration,  material  can  be  se¬ 
lected  accordingly,  but  anything  expen¬ 
sive  is  unnecessary.  The  cage  should 
be  built  ahead  of  time,  as  during  hot, 
dry  weather  peas  mature  more  rapidly, 
and  it  is  best  to  get  them  in  while  a 
considerable  portion  of  the  vines  are 
still  green,  and  before  many  of  the  peas 
get  hard,  as  after  that  many  of  them 
pass  through  the  cows  whole,  even  after 
they  have  been  subjected  to  the  heat  of 
the  silage.  In  cutting  the  peas  for  si¬ 
lage,  we  made  it  a  practice  to  start 
mower  early  in  the  morning  while  the 
vines  were  wet  with  dew.  When  peas 
are  heavy  and  a  large  part  of  the 
vines  still  green,  this  is  not  necessary, 
but  they  dry  out  very  quickly,  and  dur¬ 
ing  dry,  hot  weather,  working  with  a 
small  force,  it  seemed  more  satisfactory 
to  get  them  in  fresh. 

Where  one  desires  to  get  through  with 
but  little  expense,  few  tools  or  machinery 
are  really  necessary ;  but  the  pea  vines 
hang  together,  are  heavy  to  handle,  and 
where  all  the  handling  is  to  be  done  by 
hand,  if  the  crop  is  pretty  good,  it  will 
be  found  much  easier,  in  the  long  run, 
to  follow  the  mower,  placing  in 
moderate-sized  bunches  with  a  fork,  in¬ 
stead  of  tangling  up  with  a  rake.  The 
rake  is  quicker  in  a  way,  but  handling 
afterward  by  hand  is  very  much  heav¬ 
ier  work.  On  strong  land,  it  is  often 
*  necessary,  or,  at  least,  much  better  and 
cleaner  work  in  cutting  the  next  swath 
can  be  done,  if  one  follows  the  mower 
and  cleans  the  track  for  the  next  trip 
as  the  vines  hang  together  and  fall 
over  in  the  way.  In  handling  peas  in 
large  quantities  for  silage,  much  hand 
labor  can  be  saved  by  the  use  of  side 
delivery  rake,  hay  loader,  slings  and  ca¬ 
ble  car.  In  fact,  in  building  a  stack  to 
considerable  height  (the  higher  the  bet¬ 
ter,  rather  than  broad  and  shallow) 
some  arrangement  should  be  made  to 
elevate  the  peas  in  large  bunches,  even 
though  the  rest  of  the  handling  is  done 
by  hand.  Where  loading  is  all  done  by 
hand,  if  the  peas  are  built  up  in  tiers 
on  the  hay  rack,  beginning  at  the  back 
end  to  load  and  unloading  front  front 
to  back,  making  as  many  tiers  as  de¬ 
sired  to  make  loads  in  unloading,  a 
common  hay  fork  does  good  work,  as 
the  vines  hatjg  together  so  well,  a  large 
section  of  a  load  can  be  cleaned  up  at 
one  hoist."'  ' 

On  the  stack,  the  bunches  need  not  be 
all  torn  apart,  but  with  care  on  the  part 
of  the  man  holding  the  trip-rope,  the 
greater  part  can  be  dropped  where  want¬ 
ed,  but  enough  should  be  spread  to  keep 
the  stack  fairly  level,  or  slightly  higher 
in  the  center,  with  edges  tramped  close 
to  cage.  The  peas  soon  begin  to  heat 
and  the  stack  grows  in  height  much 
more  slowly  after  the  first  day  or  two, 
as  they  settle  rapidly,  but  after  the  last 
load  is  up,  there  should  be  a  prompt  set 
tlement  of  the  whole  matter.  Rough 
boards  or  planks  extending  clear  to  the 
edge  should  be  laid  over  the  top,  and  on 
these  a  few  loads  of  stones  spread 
evenly,  as  if  piled  too  much  on  one  side 
they  settle  there  more,  which  would 
have  a  tendency  to  open  the  opposite 
side,  if  carried  too  far.  If  stack  is  too 
high,  the  stones  can  be  elevated  m  sling 
or  box  arranged  for  dumping  with  trip. 
As  soon  as  the  stack  is  well  settled  it 
is  ready  to  open  and  begin  feeding,  and 
there  is  where  the  fun  comes  in.  ,Clear 
off  the  stones  and  boards  from  a  narrow 
strip  of  the  top  of  the  stack,  at  one 
edge,  and  cut  down  a  slice  with  a  hay 
knife,  sufficient  for  one  feeding.  It  will 
not  take  as  much  for  the  first  feed  as  it 
will  a  few  days  later.  More  than  once 


THE  RURAL 

we  have  seen  cows  almost  refuse  to  eat 
pea  silage  at  first,  but  they  soon  learn 
to  like  it  and  the  only  difficulty  is  to 
get  enough  of  it.  Where  stack  is  of 
good  height  it  can  be  taken  down  in 
sections  of  a  few  feet  at  a  time  instead 
of  slicing  down  the  full  height,  or  the 
entire  face  can  be  worked  back,  as  it 
were,  in  terraces  or  steps,  upon  which 
to  stand  in  slicing  down.  The  silage 
comes  out  hot,  a  rich,  dark  brown,  looks 
good,  and  is  about  as  fine  a  feed  of  the 
kind  as  a  man  ever  offered  a  cow.  As 
it  rolls  up  in  layers  it  reminds  one  more 
of  the  advertisement  of  the  mattresses 
than  any  other  comparison  I  can  make. 
Our  pea  silage  has  always  been  of  much 
interest  to  visitors.  One  man,  who  was 
much  taken  with  the  idea,  said  it  looked 
like  plug  tobacco,  and  tasted  like  it. 
He  was  not  able  to  prove  that  by  me, 
however. 

The  matter  of  _  waste  in  putting  up 
peas  in  this  way  is  one  that  many  will 
think  of,  but  the  fact  is,  that  while  at 
first,  we  cut  off  and  threw  away  a  por¬ 
tion  about  the  edges,  we  found  out 
afterward  that  it  was  not  necessary. 
“Everything  goes”  has  been  almost  true 
in  our  experience  in  feeding  pea  silage, 
the  waste  being  hardly  worth  consider¬ 
ing,  as  after  they  once  get  to  liking  it, 
they  clean  up  almost  everything.  Dur¬ 
ing  a  wet  season,  however,  when  the 
outside  would  become  slimy  and  nasty, 
it  might  be  different,  ■out  the  proportion 
of  waste  would  be  slight.  I  do  not 
think  we  lose  any  more  about  the  edges, 
stacked  in  this  way,  than  do  the  Way- 
land  canneries,  with  their  fancy  silos, 
costing  $250  or  more  each,  and  even 
from  these  the  greater  part  about  the 
edges  thrown  out  as  waste,  or  spoiled, 
makes  good  feed,  and  most  of  it  would 
be  cleaned  up  with  the  rest.  We 
would  no  longer  sow  oats  with  peas,  ex¬ 
cepting  to  cut  for  hay.  We  like  buck¬ 
wheat  better  than  oats,  and  rape  better 
than  either  on  good  ground.  We  have 
fed  rape  alone  in  considerable  quanti¬ 
ties,  and  for  a  long  time,  to  know  that 
the  claims  made,  on  theory  only,  that 
it  would  spoil  milk  or  butter,  are  but 
imaginary.  We  fed  it  before  milking, 
after  milking,  through  the  day,  any 
time  and  in  any  way  it  was  handy,  and 
never  a  suspicion  of  taste  or  smell,  or 
complaint  from  particular  customers. 

ISAAC  C.  ROGERS. 

Livingston  Co.,  N.  Y. 


NEW-YORKER 

LICE  ON  CALVES. 

On  page  143,  M.  H.  B.  asks  for  a  method 
of  killing  lice  on  calves.  The  following 
was  an  experiment  of  my  own :  Take  a 
pail  nearly  full  of  warm  water,  and  put 
about  one  pint  of  ordinary  kerosene  in 
the  water.  Now  take  small  wire  tooth  card 
(not  a  currycomb),  and  dip  the  same  in 
the  pail  of  water  and  kerosene,  and  begin 
at  the  head  of  calf,  carding  her  entirely 
over.  As  soon  as  the  head  and  neck  are 
saturated,  throw  a  blanket  over  the  neck 
and  head,  and  keep  drawing  it  back  as 
fast  as  the  calf .  is  dampened  with  the  ap¬ 
plication.  This. is  to  keep  the  fumes  of  the 
kerosene  confined  and  also  to  prevent  calf 
from  taking  cold.  The  kerosene  remains  on 
the  top  of  water  and  you  will  need  to  re¬ 
plenish  it  by  another  one-half  pint  or  so 
of  kerosene,  until  you  have  finished  your 
job.  Keep  your  calves  covered  until  they 
are  thoroughly  dry.  If  your  work  is  prop¬ 
erly  done  you  will  not  find  a  live  louse 
next  day.  I  think  it  would  be  advisable 
to  make  an  examination  in  about  five  days 
after  to  see  if  any  nits  have  survived,  but 
I  never  found  any.  c.  l.  g.  b. 

Slingerlands,  N.  Y. 

The  amount  of  care  and  labor  involved 
are  unnecessary  Ordinary  kerosene  emul¬ 
sion  simply  sprayed  on  and  rubbed  in  with 
a  stiff  brush  proves  effectual ;  but,  like 
other  treatments,  has  to  be  repeated  in  10 
days  to  two  weeks  to  kill  new  broods  of 
lice.  A  better  destroyer  of  lice  is  a  de¬ 
coction  of  stavesacre  seeds.  Pour  a  quart 
of  boiling  water  on  one  ounce  of  the  seeds 
and  allow  to  stand  for  12  hours;  then  use 
the  solution  to  saturate  parts  infested  with 
lice.  It  is  absolutely  necessary  to  clean 
up,  disinfect  and  whitewash  the  houses  if 
cattle  are  to  be  kept  permanently  free  from 
lice.  a.  s.  a. 

Rickets. 

We  have  eight  pigs,  21  weeks  old,  they 
are  thriving  extra  well,  except  one,  which 
has  been  getting  stiff  for  the  last  three 
weeks.  It  walks  from  the  nest  to  the 
trough,  but  is  very  stiff,  its  appetite  is 
good ;  not  constipated.  I  have  given  it 
castor  oil  and  molasses.  Their  food  has 
consisted  of  soft  corn,  oatmeal  and  fine 
middlings,  with  plenty  of  drink.  I  have 
also  had  apples,  wood  ashes  and  charcoal. 
Please  advise  what  to  do.  m. 

Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y  . 

Lack  of  exercise  and  overfeeding  com¬ 
monly  cause  such  conditions.  Keep  the  pig 
out  of  that  nest.  Feed  on  slop  of  milk 
and  middlings  to  which  add  lime  water  at 
rate  of  one  ounce  per  quart.  Continue  to 
keep  bowels  active.  The  pig  should  get 
over  the  trouble  if  you  can  make  it  take 
abundant  exercise  to  develop  muscle.  Pam¬ 
pering  is  deadly  to  hogs  ;  mixed  rations  and 
ample  exercise  induce  health  and  obviate 
rickets.  A.  s.  a. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  replv  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page 


Cures  Thrush. 

Sloan’s  Liniment  hascuredmany  cases 
of  thrush  both  in  horses  and  catde. 

HERE’S  PROOF. 

Mb.  R.  W.  Parish,  of  Bristol,  Ind.,  R.  No.  2, 
writes:  —  “  I  cured  one  of  my  horses  of  thrush. 
Her  feet  were  rotten;  the  frogs  came  out;  she 
laid  down  most  of  the  time.  I  thought  she  would 
die,  but  1  used  the  Liniment,  and  she  never 
lies  down  in  the  daytime  now.” 

SLOANS 

LINIMENT 

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lameness.  You  don’t  have  to  rub  —  it 
penetrates.  Price,  50c.  and  $1.00. 

Send  for  free  book  on  stock. 

Dr.  Earl  S.  Sloan,  Boston,  Mass. 


Price  $  1 0  and  Up 

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The  Hertzler  &  Zook  is  the  cheapest  and  best 
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saw  draws  it  on  as  soon 
as  you  start  work.  It  is 
the  only  saw  made,  sell- 
ingat  $10,  to  which  a  ripping 
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Hertzler  a  Zook  Co..  Box  3 

Belleville,  fa. 


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You  can  grind  5000  bu.  of  cob  and  corn  to 
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Get  our  FREE  Catalogue  and  Samples, 

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Trade  in  Your  Old  Separator 

for  a  New  DE  LAVAL 


More  than  15,000  users  of  inferior  and 
worn  out  cream  separators  of  various  makes 
traded  them  in  last  year  on  account  of  new 
DE  L AVALS,  and  doubtless  there 
are  many  more  owners  of  such 
machines  who  will  be  glad  to  know 
that  the  I)E  LAARAL  Company  still 
continues  to  make  liberal  “  trade” 
allowances  for  them. 

While  these  old  machines  have 
little  actual  value  to  the  DE  LAA" AL 
Company,  as  the  machines  thus 
taken  in  trade  are  broken  up  and 
“scrapped”  for  old  metal,  such  exchanges 
afford  a  practical  example  of  the  difference 


between  good  and  inferior  separators,  and 
add  to  the  prestige  of  the  DE  LAArAL  in 
the  neighborhood. 

Now  that  you  will  soon  be 
milking  more  cows,  why  not  take 
advantage  of  this  liberal  offer  1 
See  the  nearest  DE  LAVAL  agent, 
and  he  will  tell  you  how  much  he  can 
allow  on  your  old  machine  toward 
the  purchase  of  a  new  DE  LAArAL. 
If  you  don’t  know  a  DE  LAARAL 
agent,  write  to  the  n  e ares  t 
DE  LAVAL  office  giving  make, 

•  -  f  • 

number  and  size  of  your  present  machine, 
and  full  information  will  be  sent  you. 


Important  to  Users  of  Old  DE  LAVAL  Separators 

While  DE  LAArAL  machines  of  ten  or  fifteen  years  ago  are  much  superior  even  to  present 
day  machines  of  other  makes,  during  the  past  four  or  live  years  many  improvements  have  been 
incorporated  in  the  present  DE  LAARAL  machines  that  make  them  simpler  in  construction, 
easier  of  operation  and  more  effective  in  skimming.  ^ 

Liberal  trade  allowance  will  be  made  by  any  DE  LAArAL  agent  on  your  old  DE  LAA  AL 
toward  the  purchase  of  an  up-to-date  style.  It  will  pay  you  to  investigate.  Any  DE  LA\  AL 
agent  will  be  glad  to  explain  the  new  DE  LAVAL  improvements,  or  a  DE  LAAr AL  catalog 
illustrating  and  describing  the  construction  of  latest  styles  and  sizes  will  be  sent  upon  request 
to  nearest  DE  LAVAL  office. 


T—  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  CO. 


165-167  Broadway 
NEW  YORK 


29  E.  Madison  Street 
CHICAGO 


Drumm  &  Sacramento  Sts. 
SAN  FRANCISCO 


173-177  William  Street 
MONTREAL 


14  &  16  Princess  Street 
WINNIPEG 


1016  Western  Avenue 
SEATTLE 


1911. 


RAPE  AS  A  PASTURE  FOR  SHEEP  AND 
HOGS. 

I  am  asked  the  following  questions 
regarding  the  growing  of  rape  for  pas¬ 
ture  for  sheep  and  hogs,  and  as  these 
questions  came  from  all  sections  of  the 
country  it  was  deemed  best  to  corre¬ 
spond  with  the  different  experiment  sta¬ 
tions  and  others  so  that  more  light  might 
be  given  on  the  subject.  With  rape  as 
with  everything  elso  so  much  depends 
on  conditions  of  weather,  soil,  moisture 
and  other  conditions  that  everyone  must 
try  a  piece  and  then  for  another  year  he 
will  know  what  best  suits  his  conditions. 

First,  time  to  sow.  Rape  is  quite 
hardy  and  will  stand  lots  of  freezing, 
and  there  is  no  danger  of  sowing  too 
early  on  this  account,  but  as  the  plant 
requires  heat  to  make  it  grow  it  seems 
that  a  good  plan  would  be  to  set  the  time 
of  sowing  at  corn-planting  time,  then  it 
will  make  a  quick,  thrifty  growth.  If  I 
were  going  to  sow  a  large  quantity  it 
might  be  well  to  sow  part  at  this  time 
and  part  later,  but  before  the  Spring 
rains  are  gone.  Rape  sown  in  this  sec¬ 
tion  as  late  as  August,  as  some  advise, 
would  be  a  total  failure  unless  we  were 
favored  with  an  abundance  of  rain  or 
it  were  sown  on  rich  bottom  land. 

How  is  it  sown?  When  fertilizer  is 
sown  on  the  land  with  rape  the  seed  can 
be  sown  the  same  as  anyone  would  sow 
clover  seed.  Rape  seed  is  about  twice 
the  size  of  clover  seed,  and  one  would 
want  to  set  the  seeder  accordingly; 
weigh  a  part  of  the  seed  and  measure 
the  land  it  would  sow.  As  it  requires 
only  six  to  eight  pounds  to  the  acre 
care  should  be  taken  to  get  it  evenly 
sown.  There  are  a  number  of  broadcast 
seeders,  like  the  Cahoon,  Climax  and 
the  wheelbarrow  seeders  that  can  all  be 
set  to  sow  rape  without  any  trouble. 

Where  will  it  grow?  As  rape  belongs 
to  the  cabbage  family,  or  rather  they 
both  belong  to  the  same  family,  it  seems 
safe  to  say  that  where  one  will  grow 
the  other  should.  Reports  from  every 
section  of  the  country  seem  favorable. 
Wisconsin,  Ohio,  Maryland,  Maine, 
Michigan  and  even  the  States  farther 
west  report  good  success. 

Is  it  better  to  sow  anything  with  it? 

In  this  section  no;  it  is  worth  enough 
to  give  it  the  full  benefit  of  the  whole 
ground.  In  some  sections  of  the  West 
they  sow  the  seed  in  the  corn  at  the 
last  cultivation,  and  it  makes  fine  feed 
in  the  Fall  for  sheep  and  hogs.  It  is 
also  sown  with  oats  and  barley,  but  in 
good  growing  seasons  it  interferes  with 
harvesting  the  crops. 

Will  one  sowing  last  all  Summer?  It 
will  unless  it  is  pastured  so  close  that 
it  is  all  eaten  off. 

Does  it  sprout  out  again  after  being 
eaten  off?  It  does  unless  it  is  eaten 
clear  down  to  the  stump.  Rape,  like 
everything  else,  must  have  a  few  leaves 
left. 

Does  it  live  over  Winter?  Not  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  country.  Rape  is 
a  biennial,  requiring  two  years  to  ma¬ 
ture  seed.  This  applies  to  the  Dwarf 
Essex  and  Victoria,  claimed  by  some  to 
be  the  same  thing.  There  are  kinds  that 
mature  their  seed  during  the  first  year, 
being  annuals;  these  are  of  no  use  for 
forage  crops. 

If  planting  for  several  hundred  hogs, 
would  you  sow  all  at  one  time  or  not? 

In  the  first  place  I  should  not  sow 
enough  for  several  hundred  hogs  unless 
I  had  had  some  experience  raising  cab¬ 
bage,  turnips  or  some  knowledge  of  the 
suitability  of  my  land  and  the  section 
for  the  proper  growing  of  rape.  It  is 
too  much  of  a  risk  to  get  so  many  hogs 
on  hand  as  a  trial  trip.  I  should  start 
on  a  smaller  scale  and  work  up.  If  I 
were  going  to  sow  that  amount  it  would 
be  better  to  make  several  sowings. 

Would  you  sow  all  at  the  same  time 
and  divide  the  field  and  alternate  the 
sides?  That  plan  is  always  advocated 
as  to  dividing  a  pasture,  but  for  the  life 
°*  I  cannot  see  the  reason. 

Will  it  grow  year  after  year,  or  must 
we  sow  every  year?  It  must  be  sown 
every  year. 

Where  buy  seed?  Any  reliable  seed 
grower  can  supply  the  seed.  Care 
*aken  to  secure  the  right  kind, 
the  Dwarf  Essex  seems  to  be  the  best 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


for  fodder  purposes.  The  best  seed 
comes  from  Essex,  England,  and  one 
seed  firm  writes  me  that  in  five  years 
their  sales  have  increased  from  100 
pounds  to  over  178,000  pounds. 

Cost  of  seed.  Seed  costs,  in  small 
quantities,  from  eight  to  10  cents  per 
pound. 

When  can  the  hogs  be  turned  on  to 
the  rape?  The  only  thing  to  look  out 
for  in  this  direction  is  to  see  that  the 
rape  gets  large  enough  to  keep  ahead  of 
the  hogs.  If  you  have  lots  of  rape  and 
only  a  few  hogs  you  could  turn  sooner 
than  you  could  if  you  had  lots  of  hogs 
and  only  a  little  rape. 

Were  the  hogs  you  reported  on  fed 
any  milk  after  being  turned  on  to  the 
rape?  No;  we  feed  our  milk  to  calves. 
The  hogs  _  had  dish-water  and  clear 
water  to  drink.  If  the  pasture  had  run¬ 
ning  water  it  would  be  sufficient. 

How  soon  can  it  be  turned  on  to? 
With  plenty  of  moisture  and  good  fer¬ 
tile  soil  it  will  take  about  five  or  six 
weeks  to  get  large  enough. 

How  old  were  the  pigs  when  weaned? 
About  five  weeks. 

How  much  seed  to  the  acre?  If  sown 
broadcast  about  six  pounds.  Some 
recommend  sowing  in  drills  30  inches 
apart  and  then  cultivating.  This  takes 
about  three  pounds  to  the  acre. 

How  many  hogs  will  an  acre  pasture? 
As  stated  in  the  article  in  the  issue  of 
December  31,  one  man  reported  that  he 
could  pasture  40  hogs  on  his  one  acre. 
At  the^  Wisconsin  Agricultural  Experi¬ 
ment  Station  a  test  was  made  as  to  the 
value  of  rape  for  hogs.  In  this  experi¬ 
ment  30  hogs  had  the  run  of  one-third 
of  an  acre  for  76  days.  These  hogs  were 
eight  months  old  when  turned  into  the 
rape.  They  consumed  3,962  pounds  less 
grain  than  the  same  number  that  were 
kept  in  pens,  and  made  four  pounds 
more  gain.  Others  estimate  the  value 
of  an  acre  of  good  rape  equal  to  nearly 
1>2  tons  of  cornmeal  and  middlings.  The 
only  way  to  settle  this  question  is  for 
every  man  to  see  for  himself  what  it 
will  do  under  his  conditions  for  rais¬ 
ing  it.  . 

What  kind  of  fertilizer  does  it  re¬ 
quire?  There  is  nothing  as  good  as 
well-rotted  manure  worked  into  the 
land;  if  this  is  not  available  an  applica¬ 
tion  of  400  pounds  of  a  fertilizer  an¬ 
alyzing  4-8-10  should  produce  a  good 
crop. 

.  Do  you  cultivate  it?  Not  in  this  sec¬ 
tion,  but  I  am  told  that  in  the  West 
they  sow  in  drills  about  30  inches  apart 
and  cultivate  it. 

Will  it  make  pasture  for  sheep  after 
the  hogs  are  taken  off  in  the  Fall? 

\Y  hile  sheep  will  eat  it  any  time  they 
can  get  at  it,  it  is  liable  to  cause 
trouble  with  the  digestive  organs  after 
it  has  been  frosted.  Our  sheep  have 
run  on  our  patch  all  Winter  and  have 
left  the  best  clover  hay  to  get  at  the 
stubs  of  rape  that  were  left. 

Will  rape  cause  hogs  to  bloat? 
There  is  no  danger  to  hogs  from  bloat, 
but  there  seems  to  be  with  sheep  and 
cattle.  The  same  care  should  be  taken 
as  anyone  would  take  in  turning  into 
clover. 

Is  rape  as  good  as  Alfalfa?  Both 
are  needed;  Alfalfa  starts  the  first  thing 
in  the  Spring  and  can  be  pastured  long 
before  rape  is  ready.  Alfalfa  will  last 
for  two  years  and  rape  must  be  sown 
every  year. 

Should  the  hogs  have  rings  in  their 
nose?  Yes,  for  Alfalfa  as  well  as  rape. 

Were  the  pigs  fed  any  grain  while  on 
the  rape?  They  were  fed  no  grain  un¬ 
til  about  three  weeks  before,  we  wanted 
to  sell  them.  They  had  some  middlings 
in  the  Spring  while  waiting  for  the  rape. 

Would  home-grown  corn  do  in  place 
of  barley  and  middlings?  Hogs  will 
not  grow  as  well  if  fed  corn  alone.  An 
ideal  plan  would  be  to  feed  some  mid¬ 
dlings  with  the  rape  until  the  hogs  are 
nearly  grown,  or  until  you  want  to  dis¬ 
pose  of  them,  and  for  a  few  weeks  give 
them  all  the  corn  they  will  eat. 

How  large  a  piece  for  12  hogs?  That 
is  hard  to  say.  Two  years  ago  I  visited 
a  jnan  who  had  six  hogs  on  about  one- 
third  of  an  acre  and  had  lots  of  rape 
left,  so  he  figured  that  an  acre  would 
keep  at  least  30 ;  and  last  year  he  tried  it 
that  way  and  failed  because  he  had  the 
rape  on  land  that  was  not  suited  to  it. 

How  long  after  Alfalfa  is  sown  can  it 
be  turned  on  to?  It  should  not  be 
pastured  the  first  season.  One  man 
writes  me  that  he  can  see  visions  and 
dream  dreams,  and  well  he  may,  for 
when  he  gets  the  run  of  rape  and  Alfalfa 
he  will  produce  pork  and  mutton  much 
cheaper  than  we  have  ever  dreamed  of. 
There  seems  to  be  no  limit  to  the  yield 
of  rape.  The  Wisconsin  Experiment 
Station  used  a  piece  for  soiling  and  cut 
it  four  times  in  the  season,  securing 
over  36  tons  to  the  acre.  c.  i.  hunt. 
Livingston  Co.,  N.  Y. 


3  71 


I’ifcA- ' 


MW' 


V 


it 


A 


mm- 


Amatite  Roofing 
on  houses  of  D.  M.  Cook, 
Chicopee  Fails,  Mass. 


ROOFING 


When  the  Shingles  Fail 

Here  are  two  houses  which  were  origi. 
nally  covered  with  shingle  roofs.  Modern 
shingles  are  not  made  like  old  style  shingles, 
but-are  of  inferior  wood  on  account  of  the 
increasing  scarcity  of  lumber.  Accordingly^ 
shingle  roofs  gave  trouble,  and  the  owner 
investigated  the  whole  subject  of  the  roofing 
with  the  result  that  he  found  it  cheaper  to 
cover  the  whole  roof'with  Amatite  Roofing 
than  to  try  to  keep  the  old  shingles  in  repair. 


Amatite  Roofing  is  so  low  in  price,  so 
easy  to  lay  and  so  durable  that  it  is  by  far  the 
cheapest  and  most  satisfactory  answer  to  the 
problem  of  the  leaky  roof.  With  other 
roofings  of  the  kind  that  require  painting, 
this  is  not  the  case.  To  lay  ordinary  roof¬ 
ing  over  shingles  and  keep  it  painted  would 
be  just  as  expensive  and  troublesome  as  to 
keep  on  repairing  the  shingles.  But  Ama¬ 
tite  Roofing  requires  no  painting. 


mineral  surface  to  take  the  wear  and  tear  of 
the  weather. 

Amatite  Roofing  costs  nothing  to  main¬ 
tain;  that  is  why  the  owner  of  these  houses 
used  Amatite.  On  these  houses,  the  Ama¬ 
tite  is  laid  right  over  the  old  shingles  so 
there  was  no  expense  or  trouble  in  ripping 
off  the  old  roof. 

Amatite,  despite  its  mineral  surface, 
comes  in  handy  rolls  like  any  other  roofing 
and  can  be  laid  by  any  workman  without 
previous  experience. 

Large  headed  nails  and  cement  for  the 
laps  are  supplied  free  of  charge.  Remember 
that  Amatite  costs  less  than  ordinary  roofing 
of  equal  wear  and  costs  nothing  whatever  to 
maintain.  It  is  rapidly  displacing  shingle 
roofs  and  painted  roofings. 

Booklet  and  sample  free  on  request. 
Address  our  nearest  office. 


It  has  a 

BARRETT  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY  ^ 

New  York  Chicago  Philadelphia  Boston  St.  Louis  Cleveland 
Pittsburg  Cincinnati  Kansas  City  Minneapolis 
New  Orleans  Seattle  London,  England 


W 


.GREEN  MOUNTAIN 

siuos 

Three  bearings  all  around 
each  door  like  a  safe  or  re¬ 
frigerator  door.  Hoops  are 
stronger  than  others.  Staves, 
doors  and  fronts  soaked  in 
preservative  if  you  wish. 

Green  Mountain  Silos  differ 
from  other  round  silos. 

Free  catalogue  gives  details. 

Post  card  will  bring  it. 

CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MFG.  CO.. 

JJ8  West  Street,  Rutland,  Vt. 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOR 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 
1UARANTEED  MONEY-SAVINCS 


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lll'i'*1!* 

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Ill'  »■' 

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SILOS 


XI  A 

HARDER  MFG.  CO. 

BOX  31  C0BLESK1LL,  N.Y. 

BTLU 


OCT  Reasons 

iwO  WTiy 


Uuaditla  Silos  are  far  better  than  others  will 
be  mailed  you  promptly  on  receipt  of  voor 
name  and  address.  UNADILLA  MLOs  hSve 
unobstructed,  continuous  Door  Fronts 
which  allow  yon  to  shove  ensilage  out  in¬ 
stead  of  pitching  It  up  3  to  6  ft.  over  eross- 
bars.  It  costs  you  1 rents  a  ton  less  to  shove 
ensilage  out  of  the  UNADII.I.A  SILO  than  it 
does  to  pitch  it  out  of  an  ordinary  silo.  Ad¬ 
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leable  iron  1  u-s  cold  roiled  over  threads  on  _ 
end  of  steel  hoops  %  stronger  than  on  ordinary 
discount  for  oarl  v  orders.  Agents  wanted. 
TJN ADII.LA  XI  1.0  <  ».,  Box  It,  tnndilln. 


rongest  built,  simplest  to  put  up  and  easiest  operated 
on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take-up  hoop-« 
continuous  open-door  front — air-tigfht  door  and  per* 
manent  ladder  are  some  of  the  unusual  features.  The 

International  BUo  113  M*in  fit..  Limetrlfla. 


™R0SS  SILO 


Tho  only  thoroughly  manufactured 
Slio  on  the  market.  Full  length  stave. 
Continuous  door  frame  complete  with 
ladder.  Triple  beveled  silo  door  with 
hinges.  Equipped  with  extra  heavy 
hoops  at  bottom. 

AIR  TIGHT 

llaku<!„.7inter  feed  equal  to  June 
grass.  THE  ROSS  will  more  than  pay 
lor  itself  in  one  season.  Write  to- 
d®y  for  catalog  which  gives  facts  that 
will  savo  you  money.  Agent*  wanted. 

The  E.  W.  Boss  Co.(Est.l850) 
Bo*  IS  SPKIHGKXELD.  OHIO 


Philadelphia  5JLQC 


luivc  a  10  year  reputation  for  strength  and  efficiency. 
I  osntively  the  only  Silos  made  that  .have  an  Opening 
Roof— Only  Continuous  Open  Front.  Our  30  ft.  Silo 
equals  other  36  ft.  Silos  capacity.  Over  6,009  in  use 
Opening  roof  works  automatically— permits  Silos  be¬ 
ing  fully  packed.  Also  splendid  line  in  Water  Tanks, 
Gasoline  Engines,  Pumps,  etc.  Get  free  catalogue. 

E.  F.  SCHLICHTER  CO..  129  Fuller  Blil0.,  Pliila.,  Pa. 


FREE  TO  FARMERS 

160-page  book  entitled 

“SILO  PROFITS' 

Written  by  200  of  the  most  successful 
iww3'  *armers  and  Hairy  men  In 
the  World.  (IrfO  Every  farmer  In 
America  should  read  this  book,  and 
as  long  as  our  supply  of  these  books 
last  we  will  mall  one  copy  free  to 
each  person  ask  1  ng  f or  1 1.  It  g  i  ves 
theactual  experience  of  these  farm- 
©2*8  and  In  their  own  words. 

Our  Factories  are  located  at  An¬ 
derson,  Ind.,  Des Moines,  Iowa,  and 
Kansas  City,  —-j—  Write  NOW  110*1  rj  r.~.  - 
Missouri.  W^Ufor  this  book  Olio  Profits 


INDiiANA.  SILO  COMPANY 
318  Liiioii  Building,  Anderson,  Indiana 


ECONOMY  SILO 


Our  simple  yet  perfect-fitting  doors, 

forming  air-tight  silo,  entirely  pre¬ 
vent  possibility  of  ensilage  spoiling. 
Quick,  easy  adjustment  without 
hammer  or  wrench.  Free  access. 

Kvery  silo  easy  to  erect.  Seasoned 
wh  i  te  p i  ne  or  cypress  staves.  Refined 
iron  hoops  form  easy  ladder. 

Write  for  free  catalogue  with  proof 
of  our  claims  from  delighted  users 
ECONOMY  SILO  &  MFC.  CO., 

Box  38-J  Fredorlck,  Md. 


AGENTS  $3  a  Day 

NEW  PATENTED  LOCKSTITCH 

AWL 


Sews  Shoes, 

Harness,  Buggy  Tops,  Canvas,  Grain  _  . 

Anything.  Soils  at  sight.  Astonishing  low  price  to 
Big  profits.  To  show  it  means  a  sale.  We  want  a  few 
good,  live  lmstlers  in  each  county.  Splendid  opportunity  to 
make  big  money.  No  experience  needed.  Write  quick— 
terms.  A  postal  will  do.  Send  no  money. 

A.  MATHEWS,  6065  Wayne  Street,  DAYTON,  OHIO 


XL  |  C  ApRE  and  UP!  easy  payments.  Productive  soil,  mild  chm^b 
P  I  3  v ant  w°Gr°fadK  clo8ef  markets,  unsurpassed  school  and  social  ad- 

liivelit.r  St  B  a  Write  for  beautiful  illustrated  Quarterly,  other  attrac- 

I phoHa^Lta.B'‘vTe'  AC''  Ast- 

YEARLY  RAIKFALL  45  INCHES!.' 


HawaoY-waM  jahuh  3* h  f 


HI 


;T8 


3TLJ 


M  I 


In  offoct  March  1  the  New  ^  ork  Ex¬ 
change  price  was  reduced  one-half  cent  to 
SI. 61  per  40-quart  can,  netting  3  V*  cents 
to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have  no 
additional  station  charges. 

Owing  to  circumstances  over  which  I 
had  no  control,  that  is,  the  going  into 
bankruptcy  of  a  fine  milk  condenser,  our 
farmers  and  dairy  folks  are  in  the.  same 
condition  of  those  people  about  Nelson, 
N.  Y„  told  of  on  page  182.  The  last 
checks  paid  were  in  November,  since  then 
we’ve  gone  with  empty  pockets,  till  since 
we  sold  to  another  concern.  About  $8,000 
was  taken  away  from  this  vicinity. 

Tonganoxie,  Kans.  c.  o. 

A  demand  for  American  condensed  milk 
is  reported  from  the  Island  of  Malta.  Con¬ 
sul  .lames  Oliver  says:  “Fresh  cow’s  milk 
is  scarce  in  Malta,  and  most  Maltese  use 
goat's  milk.  There  are  about  10.000  milch 
goats  in  the  islands.  They  are  driven  from 
house  to  house  and  milked  in  the  presence 
of  the  buyer.  Goats  are  tied  at  the  doors 
of  Maltese  cafes  and  when  milk  is  wanted 
for  coffee  the  animal  is  milked  by  the 
owner.  As  a  large  proportion  of  the  goats 
have  Mediterranean  fever  germs,  the  for¬ 
eign  residents  refrain  from  using  their  milk 
and  the  British  garrison  is  forbidden  to 
consume  it.  Mediterranean  fever  is  inter¬ 
mittent  land  one  of  the  most  feared  dis¬ 
eases  in  the  islands  because,  if  not  fatal, 
its  long  duration  and  the  debility  which 
ensues  often  lead  to  other  maladies. 

The  Assembly  Ways  and  Means  Commit¬ 
tee  March  1  gave  a  hearing  on  the  Foley 
bill  to  establish  a  milk  commission  to  super¬ 
vise  the  milk  business  in  cities  of  the  first 
class.  It  was  opposed  by  a  number  of  dairy¬ 
men  from  Delaware  and  Oswego  counties, 
who  said  it  would  only  saddle  further  ex¬ 
pense  on  the  milk  producers  and  dealers, 
thereby  tending  to  increase  the  price.  Dr. 
Abraham  Korn,  of  New  York,  expressed  the 
belief  that  such  a  measure  was  not  in  line 
with  the  campaign  of  economy  of  the  pres¬ 
ent  administration,  and  John  F.  Dugan,  an 
attorney  of  this  city,  questioned  its  consti¬ 
tutionality.  Ex-Assemblyman  Beverley 
Itobinson,  of  New  York,  also  spoke  against 
the  measure.  Because  of  the  absence  of 
Chairman  A.  E.  Smith,  who  is  ill,  it  was 
decided  to  put  the  hearing  over  for  a 
week. 


What  is  Milk?- — In  the  New  York  Legis¬ 
lature  Assembly  Bill  No.  135.645  provides 
the  following  definition  for  adulterated 
“milk.”  1.  Milk  containing  more  than  88 
per  centum  of  water  or  fluids.  2.  Milk 
containing  less  than  11%  per  centum 
of  milk  solids.  8.  Milk  containing  less 
than '  three  per  centum  of  fats.  4.  Milk 
drawn  from  cows  within  15  days  before 
and  five  days  after  parturition.  5.  Milk 
drawn  from  animals  fed  on  distillery  waste 
or  any  substance  in  a  state  of  fermentation 
or  putrefaction  or  on  any  unhealthy  food. 
G.  Milk  drawn  from  cows  kept  in  a  crowded 
or  unhealthy  condition.  7.  Milk  from  which 
any  part  of  the  cream  has  been  removed. 
8.  'Milk  which  has  been  diluted  with  water 
or  any  other  fluid,  or  to  which  has  been 
added'  or  into  which  has  been  introduced 
any  foreign  substance  whatever. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The  j 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  j 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  20. 


March  18, 


it  costs 
us 

10  cents 


The  Boston  contractors  have  already 
bought  milk  in  Canada  this  past  Winter 
for  $1.40  per  hundred,  paid  the  duty  and 
shipped  it  to  Boston.  I  am  told  on  re¬ 
liable  authority  that  ice  houses  have  been 
filled  at  Waterloo  and  West  Shefford,  P.  Q., 
although  thev  have  no  creameries  at  those 
places.  In  case  New  England  farmers  strike 
for  fair  prices  this  company  can  run  cars 
from  these  points  into  Boston  over  the  Cen¬ 
tral  Vermont  from  Waterloo  and  over  the 
C  P.  It.  and  B.  &  M.  from  West  Shefford. 
A  milk  strike  with  the  duty  removed  from 
milk  will  be  useless  I  am  told  that  farm¬ 
ers  received  about  $1  per  hundred  for  milk 
which  made  the  cheese  shipped  to  England. 
Our  local  condensery  bought  milk  in  Can¬ 
ada  last  Fall  for  $1.30  _per  hundred  when 
the  price  here  was  $1.85.  B. 


Experts  on  milk  from  several  New  Eng¬ 
land  States  discussed  the  production,  trans¬ 
portation  and  distribution  of  the  fluid  at 
considerable  length  March  3  at  Boston, 
before  the  New  England  conference  on  rural 
progress,  and  few  of  the  speakers  agreed 
as  to  the  cause  of  the  conditions,  which 
they  all  admitted  were  unsatisfactory.  Wil¬ 
liam  A.  Hunter,  secretary  of  the  Boston 
Co-operative  Milk  Producers’  Union,  claimed 
that  politics  and  red  tape  legislation  were 
to  blame  for  the  low  price  received  by  the 
producer.  Charles  Whiting,  of  Boston,  for 
the  contractors,  defended  that  part  of  the 
business  and  claimed  that  it  ivas  impossible 
to  pay  the  farmers  more  a  can.  The  con¬ 
tractors,  he  asid,  were  trying  to  give  pure 
milk  in  quick,  sanitary  deliveries. 

DAIRYING  IN  NORTH  DAKOTA. 

To  understand  the  conditions  in  our 
State,  you  should  bear  in  mind  that  it  is  a 
prairie' State,  that  the  land,  to  a  great  ex¬ 
tent,  allows  the  fullest  possible  use  of 
farm  machinery,  and  that  under  such  con¬ 
ditions  it  is  quite  natural  that  the  farmer 
clings  to  grain  producing  as  long  as  the 
lands  prove  to  be  able  to  produce  a  profit¬ 
able  crop.  In  some  of  the  longest  farmed 
sections,  which  includes  the  famous  Red 
River  Valiev,  weeds  are  encroaching  upon 
the  land  to' the  extent  that  farmers  find  it 
necessary,  or  desirable,  to  turn  their  atten¬ 
tion  to  diversified  farming.  The  result  is 
that  the  acreage  in  clover  and  corn  has 
increased  very  rapidly  during  the  past  two 
years,  and  every  indication  points  to  a 
still  greater  increase.  Corn  has  now  been 
successfully  matured  in  every  county  in 
the  State,'  and  North  Dakota  claims  the 
farthest  north  located  silo  anywhere  in  the 
United  States.  This  is  at  Walhalla,  five 
miles  from  the  Canadian  boundary  in  north¬ 
western  Pembina  county.  . 

The  number  of  cows  used  for  dairy  pur¬ 
poses,  as  shown  by  the  report  of  the  Com¬ 
missioner  of  Agriculture  and  Labor,  was 
in  1910  157,202.  There  are  125  cream¬ 
eries,  some  of  which  are  not  operated  ex¬ 
cepting  a  few  months  during  the  Summer 
season.  Last  year  there  were  also  approx¬ 
imately  200  stations  where  cream  was 
brought  direct  from  the  farms  and  shipped 
to  centralizing  plants,  either  AA'ithin  or 
without  the  State.  The  increase  along  dairy 
lines  has  been  very  marked  during  the 
past  year  or  two,  and  the  prejudice  against 
the  work  is  being  broken  down  in  the 
bonanza  wheat  sections,  so  that  everything 
points  to  a  steady  and  rapid  increase.  The 
western  section  of  the  State,  Avhile  not 
so  long  farmed,  has  considerable  rolling 
land,  and  farmers  take  up  the  Avork  much 
earlier  in  the  time  of  settlement  than  in 
the  eastern  quarter,  so  that  at  the  present 
time  the  western,  or  more  particularly,  the 
south  and  Avestern  portion  of  the  State,  are 
the  farthest  advanced  in  dairying.  There  is 
no  reason  .why  the  State  of  North  Dakota 
should  not  become  a  great  dairy  State  in 
time.  Our  climate  is  excellent,  cheap  feeds 
can  be  grown  in  abundance,  and  that  the 
State  Avas  primarily  a  live  stock  State  is 
evidenced  by  the  fact  that  buffalo,  elk  and 
other  animals  were  found  in  abundance  by 
the  early  people,  and  any  section  nature 
endowed  so  richly  ought  surely  to  be  able 
to  respond  to  -advanced  agriculture. 

In  regard,  to  the  kind  of  cows;  we  find 
that  owners  of  different  breeds  of  dairy  cat¬ 
tle  are  invariably  enthusiastic  over  the  par¬ 
ticular  breed  they  have  selected,  and  all 
breeds  are  represented.  This  would  natural¬ 
ly  lead  us  to  the  conclusion  that  our  con¬ 
ditions  are  favorable  to  all.  The  crops  we 
raise  for  feed  have  been  largely  those  in 
connection  with  small  grain  raising,  though 
Alfalfa  and  clover  are  being  grown  suc¬ 
cessfully  in  a  small  Ava.v,  the  clover  in 
the  eastern  portion  and  the  Alfalfa  in  the 
Avest  and  southern  portions.  We  have  no 
hesitanev  in  saying  that  North  Dakota  will 
be  wideiv  known  for  its  leguminous  crops, 
so  that  the  feeding  proposition  will  readily 
solve  itself  when  conditions  demand. 

u.  f.  flint.  Dairy  Commissioner. 

North  Dakota. 


Some  Good  Cows. — Last  Spring  I  started 
a  small  dairy  farm  at  Ilooksett,  N.  II. 
This  farm  has  been  in  my  family  about 
180  years,  ever  since  it  Avas  settled  in  fact. 
The  'last  part  of  April  1  had  two  cows  and 
before  the  first  of  May  only  sold  30  cans 
of  milk  (8i/2  quarts)  for  $9.  I  increased 
my  herd  from  time  to  time,  till  now  I 
have  20.  1  didn’t  get  my  twentieth  cow 

till  long  in  November.  Beginning  with  May 
1  to  the  middle  of  January,  8y2  months, 
I  had  sold  $2,003  Avorth  of  milk.  I  aver¬ 
aged  the  number  of  cows  I  had  had  during 
that  time  and  the  average  was  14.41,  thus 
dividing  the  gross  sales  by  14.41  makes  the 
quotient  $139.  I  should  like  to  know  if 
that  would  be  a  correct  method  of  arriv¬ 
ing  at  the  product  of  the  average  cow > 
December  15  my  herd  Avas  tuberculin  tested, 
and  since  that  time  I  have  been  getting 
41  and  40  cents  for  an  8%  quart  can. 

Manchester,  N.  II.  J-  <*• 


Copperas  for  Congested  Udder. 

If  Mrs.  S.  A.,  New  Jersey,  Avill  get  five 
cents  worth  of  copperas  and  give  one  tea¬ 
spoonful  to  her  coav  in  bran  night  and 
morning  for  three  days,  she  will  have  no 
more  trouble.  It  is  fine  for  giving  to 
coavs  for  caked  udder  when  freshening. 
This  is  my  cure  when  anything  goes  wrong 
with  milk.  M- 

Copperas  (sulphate  of  iron)  is  a  good 
tonic  and  astringent,  and  especially^  useful 
when  blood  passes  with  the  milk.  We  have 
often  prescribed  it  for  that  condition  in 
answers  published  in  this  paper.  It  may 
also  be  useful  in  the  first  congestion  of  the 
udder,  but  it  is  not  a  suitable  drug  in  ad¬ 
vanced  manmitis.  Our  readers  should  also 
know  that  copperas  cannot  safely  be  given 
to  a  cow  in  calf,  as  it  is  apt  to  cause  abor¬ 
tion.  A-  s*  A* 


PAYS 

MORE  MONEY 

GIVES 

MORE  SATISFACTION.! 

NO  STOCK  CAN  THRIVE  IF  PESTERED 
WITH  LICEJICKS,  MITES,  FLEAS, 
SCAB.M ANGE, AND  OTHER  SKIN  , 
DISEASES. 

TO  CLEAN  OUT  THESE 
PARASITES,  GUARD  AGAINST 
CONTAGIOUS  DISEASES, 
CLEANSE,  PURIFY,  AND 
DEODORIZE.  USE 


& 


ati. 


Kreso 
Dip  N?1 


BETTER  THAN  OTHERS, BECAUSE,  IT  IS 

STANDARDIZED, 

UNIFORM,  DEPENDABLE,  EFFICIENT.  ONE 
GALLON  OF  KRESO  DIP  NO.I  MAKES  60 
TO  100  GALLONS  OF  S0LUTI0N(DEPENDING 
UPON  WHAT  USE  IS  TO  BE  MADE  OF  IT.) 

A  REAL  NECESSITY  ABOUT 
H0RSES,CATTLE, SHEEP, SWINE, 
DOGS,  GOATS  AND  POULTRY. 

FOR  SALE  BY  ALL  DRUGGISTS. 
WRITE  FOR  FREE  CIRCULARS.  ASK  FOR  LEAFLET 
DESCRIBING  ANEW  CEMENT  HOG  WALLOW,  IF  YOU 
ARE  INTERESTED. 

PARKE.DAVIS&COj 


DEPARTMENT  OF  ANIMAL 
INDUSTRY. 

^DETROIT.MICHy 
U.S.A. 


When  we  receive  your 
cream  separator  or¬ 
der  it  costs  us  1 0  cents 
to  handle  it.  You  pay 
the  10  cents  in  addi¬ 
tion  to  factory  cost  and 
factory  profit.  If  an 
agent  takes  your  or¬ 
der  it  costs  $25.00  to 
$35.00  on  top  of  all 
the  other  costs,  profits 
and  expenses.  Take 
your  choice — buy 
where  you  please,  but 
first  send  for  the  Econ¬ 
omy  Chief  Dairy  Guide 
for  1 9 1 1 .  It  costs  you 
nothing. 

Sears,  Roebuck  and  Co. 

Chicago,  Illinois 


This  Safety  Lift 

Saves  Your  Strength 

You  can  do  more  heavy  lifting  alone  than  three  men  by 
the  use  of  this  handy  device.  Has  a  score  of  uses  on  the 
tat  111  every  day.  Saves  time  and  labor. 

.lust  the  thing  for  changing  wagon  boxes  and  auto 
bodies,  stretching  vires,  moving  heavy  atones,  storing 
machinery,  hoisting  grain,  doing  any  kind  of  lifting 
about  the"  farm. 

Morgan  Safety  Lift 
Locks  At  Any  Angle 

Hollis  or  releasee  a  load  at  a  given  point 
without  use  of  confusing  check  cord.  Cam 
grips  rope  without  gouging.  Heavier  the  load, 

1  the  tighter  it  grips.  No  extra  parts  to  get  out 
of  order.  So  simple  it  can  be  operated  by 
one  hand. 

Made  Entirely  of  Steel 

Tulle  vs  and  blocks  of  beRt  possible  construc¬ 
tion.  Will  last  a  lifetime.  Drop  forjeed 
swivel  hook  makes  it  easy  to  move  load 
about  without  unfastening  lift. 

Sold  Direct  From  Factory 

Made  in  two  sizes.  2,500  lbs.  capacity 
$1.75.  6,000  lbs.  capacity  $5.00  These  prices 

good  for  a  limited  time  only.  Order  di¬ 
rect  from  the  manufacturer  and  save 
dealer’s  and  Jobber’s  profits.  Handiest  thing 
you  ever  had  on  the  farm.  Send  for  one  to-day 
I— at  once — while  you  think  of  it — and  take  ad¬ 
vantage  of  these  special  introductory  prices. 

MORGAN  BLOCK  CO. 

Dept.  18,  Cleveland,  O. 


IT 


Wanted  at  Once— A  Man 

To  Mako  $100  Per  Month  Above  Expenses 

1500  MEN  THROUGHOUT  THE  U.  S 
ARE  MAKING  BIG  MONEY 

with  otir  large  lino  o£  over  80  different  household  neces¬ 
sities  consistingof  homo  remedies,  extracts,  spices,  soaps, 
perfumes,  toilet  articles,  stock  and  poultry  preparations, 
polishes,  etc.  all  guaranteed  under  tho  National  Food 
and  Drugs  Act  and  conforming  to  the  Pure  Food  require¬ 
ments  of  every  state.  Sold  chiefly  to  country  penplo. 
Wo  import,  manufacture  and  sell  in  enormous  quantities 
Capital  and  surplus  over  one  million  dollars.  Factory 
floor  space  nearly  5  acres. 

We  want  one  man  in  each  unoccupied  locality  to  take 
full  charge  of  everything  pertaining  to  our  business  in 
his  district.  Must  bo  of  good  health  and  habits,  honest 
and  industrious,  not  under  21  nor  over  50  years  of  ago. 
able  to  furnish  outfit  similar  to  that  illustrated  above, 
also  several  responsible  men  to  vouch  for  his  integrity. 
Such  under  our  instructions  can  mako  not  loss  titan 

$100  Per  Month  Clear  Profit 

above  expenses  first  year,  $1S00  second  year  and  $2400 
third  year.  Colored  people  or  women  not  considered. 

Previous  experience  or  moro  than  ordinary  education 
not  needed  as  with  our  thorough  free  course  of  i  nstruc- 
tion  in  salesmanship  tho  work  is  easily  learned  and  a 
big,  pleasant,  healthful,  honorablo  and  permanent  busi¬ 
ness  quickly  established. 

If  you  can’t  meet  requirements  don’t  write:  if  you 
think  you  can  you  aro  tho  man  wo  aro  looking  for  and  a 
postal  will  bring  you  full  particulars  by  return  mail. 

Lots  of  new  men  starting  and  territory  filling  rapidly, 
so  if  interested  write  at  once  else  territory  vacant  in  your 
locality  will  bo  taken. 

W.  T.  RAWLEIGH  CO.  30-40  Lib.  St.  Freeport,  III. 


Use  Indestructible  Hameless  Horse  Collars 


To  Prevent  and  Cure  Called  Shoulders 

Cheapest  and  best  for  owner—  humane  and  comfortable  for  animal.  Endorsed  by 
r„.  Veterinarics,  used  by  City  Fire  Depts.,U.  S.  Govt.,  and  more  than  100,000  farmers  aadlcm- 
sters.  The  Indestructible  metal,  zinc  coated  collar  not  only  prevents  sore  necks  and  should- 
crs  but  cure,  while  working,  the  galls  and  sores  made  by  other  collars.  No  horse  owner  can  afford  to  be  withoot  our 


Indestructible  Collars 


L  they  save  tho  cost  of  hatnos.  pads  and  straps:  save  In  Umo  and 

^  convenience  In  harnessing;  are  lighter,  stronger  and  better.  Always 
keep  their  shape:  can  be  made  larger  or  smaller  to  fit  animal  spring  fat  or 
fall  poor.  No  spongy  surface  to  absorb  heat,  sweat  and  dirt.  Guaranteed  not 
to  rust  in  any  climate.  Cheaper  because  everlasting.  Quickly  changed  from 
one  harness  to  another.  Tho  ideal  collar  for  all  climates  and  conditions. 

Let  me  send  you  my  portfolio  giving  valuable  pointere  on  how  to  get  100%  horse 
power  all  year  around  from  your  team.  Its  free  and  you  will  find  it  decidedly 
nur  reading.  Indestructible  collars  arc  sold  direct  where  I  have  no  dealers,  and  I  II  pay 
the  freight.  Write  me  to-day  and  begin  right  away  to  save  money  time  and  horso, 
collar  troubles.  No  part  of  a  harness  was  ever  sold  on  such  a  broad  and  liberal  guar¬ 
antee.  because  none  other  was  ever  so  good,  and  you  will  say  so  too  when  you  read  my 
folder.  Good  pay  to  live  agents;  exclusive  territory.  Write  today.  Address 

FRED  SLOCUM.  General  Manager,  JOHNSTON-SLOCUM  CO.,  708  Stale  Si.,  Caro,  Mich. 


AND  UPWARD 

SENT  ON  TRIAL. 
FULLY 

GUARANTEED. 


AMERICAN= 

SEPARATOR 

A  brand  new,  well  made,  easy  running,  easily 
cleaned,  perfect  skimming  separator  for  $15.95. 

Skims  warm  or  cold  milk.  Makes  thick  or  thin 
cream.  Thousands  in  Use  giving  splendid  satis¬ 
faction.  Different  from  this  picture  which  illus¬ 
trates  our  large  capacity  machines.  The  bowl 
is  a  sanitary  marvel  and  embodies  all  our  latest 
improvements.  Our  richly  illustrated  catalog 
tells  all  about  it.  Our  wonderfully  low  prices  on 
all  sizes  and  generous  terms  of  trial  will  astonish 
you.  We  sell  direct  to  user.  No  agents.  Our 
guarantee  protects  you  on  every  American  Sepa¬ 
rator.  Western  orders  filled  from  Western  points. 
Whether  your  dairy  is  large  or  small,  get  our  great 
offer  and  handsome  free  catalog.  ADDRESS, 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO., 


BOX  1075 
BAINBRIDGE,  N.  Y. 


1911. 

MARKETS 

Wholesale  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  March  10,  1911. 


BUTTER 

An  advance  of  one  cent  over  last  week's 
prices  is  noted.  Market  on  tho  higher 
grades  of  creamery  is  firm. 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 25  @  .27 

Good  to  Choice .  20  @  24 

Lower  Grades  . ...!  36  @  .19 

Storage .  15  @  21 

State  Dairy,  best . 22  @  '23 

Common  to  Good . 16  @  .20 

Factory .  w  ^  p- 

Packing  Stock . \n  ©  !l5 

Elgin  111.  butter  market  firm  at  26  cents. 

CHEESE 

There  is  a  fair  business  in  fancy  Fall 
made  colored  cheese ;  uncolored  dull. 


THE  R  U  KA  Iv  NEW-YORKER 


Full  Cream,  best . 

16 

Common  to  Good  .... 

.13 

Skims . 

KGGS 

Receipts  are  lighter  than  tho  preceding 
week  and  the  market  correspondingly  im¬ 
proved,  though  prices  of  the  general  run 
of  stock  are  not  materially  higher.  The 

old  cold  storage  eggs  are  now  practically 
out  of  the  market. 

White,  good  to  choice . 

Mixed  Colors,  best  .. 

.26 

22 

Common  to  Good . 

Storage . 

W estern,  best. . . . 

Under  grades . 

.15 

BEANS 

i  are  rather  large  and  the  market 

decidedly  easy. 

Marrow,  100  lbs . 3.25  @3.75 

Medium .  3.00  &  3  46 

E®?,*  .  . .  3.00  @  3.50 

Lima.  California .  6.30  ©  6.40 

HOPS 

Trade  is  very  dull,  though  prices  remain 
firm. 

Prime  to  Choice . *  o8  20 

Common  to  Good... . . .  25  @  97 

Pacific  Coast .  ’  '*>o  Z, 

Berman  Crop,  1910 . .go  @  .53 

CIDER  VINEGAR 

New  York  prices  for  single  barrel 
Extra  Choice  Old,  gal .  22  © 

QtnnHnw/l  n  0  ^ 


lots. 

.24 

.15 

very 

13* 

.12 

.07* 

.06 

■06* 

.30 

.18 


Standard  Grade 

DRIED  FRUITS 

Stock  is  scarce  and  the  market 
firm  on  choice  evaporated  apples. 

Apples,  evap.  fancy .  13  ^ 

Kvap.,  com.  to  good . o<;  © 

Chops . .  f. 

Cores  and  Skins .  05  rd) 

. :::::::::::::  :»  @ 

FRESH  FRUITS 

Receipts  of  apples  continue  large,  with 
trade  of  only  a  moderate  volume.  Straw¬ 
berries,  plenty  and  market  weaker. 

1  «:SS 

. 4$  S  £4 

Western— .  4'°°  «  «■» 

b0X .  1-75  @2.35 

Home,  box  .  1.75  ®  2*30 

box .  2  00  @  2.50 

Cranberr'ie^-  . ' .  160  ®  200 

2B5 8 

pSSiXv.'hiv.:::::::::::::::  ••••  If?  f’K 

:1 11 

°Po  b0X .  2  0?  ®  3.00 

California. .  250  @  376 

Grape  Fruit.  Fla.  box . lio  @  800 

Pineapples,  Havana,  18s .  l  00  @  ■>'«>>. 

Porto  Rico,  30s  to  24s .  2.25  @  275 

HONEY 

Market  very  quiet  with  moderate  sales 
of  clover  comb. 

White  Clover,  lb .  12  u 

Bnckwbeat.lb .  '  'na  a,  'in 

Extracted,  lb . :::::::::::  Z  @  ;!o 

VEGETABLES 

Potatoes  are  still  lower,  the  market  being 
crowded  with  large  quantities  of  poor  stock 
New  southern  cabbage  is  higher  and  selling 
well.  Cucumbers  land  lettuce  poor  and 
lower.  String  beans  and  tomatoes  plenty 
and  low. 

Potatoes-N.  Y.  State.  180  lbs .  1.20  ©  1.50 

Maine .  1  *>5  w  i  ftn 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bbl . ..*.!!!!•* !!  2.00  (ft  8  26 

Sweet  Virginia,  bbl . ...I.  T  50  @  200 

Asparagus,  So.  Car.  f’ey  doz . 10.00  @12  00 

Good  to  prime. s  rvt  a,-  <i 
Brussels  Sprouts,  qt . . ng  '  ?o 

Southern,  new,  bbl . "  125  2  3'nn 

Ctb^HDa"ish  ^eed.ton...  ...!”.*  9*00  @11.00 

a  ®  a 

iscca“,beh^Pla- bu . 2:00  ©  i:io 

Kale,  obi  . . 2-'.M)  ®  wo 

Kohlrabi  Southern.  100 bushels....’.!!  2.50  ©  4*00 

Lettuce. *-bbi.  bkt . .  2  .I'm 

Peppers,  Southern,  bu . 2  00  @  3  50 

Fennel.  Southern,  bbl . .  2  25  @2  75 

Horseradish,  100  lbs .  500  ©  7'no 

te  bkt . 3^  a  600 

viKra.  ifla.  Carrier  .  2  00  rft  a  rvi 

Onions,  Orange  Co.,  bag . “  1 .50  @  2*50 

WhRea,dniZeShern’  140  lb'  bag .  2  00  ®  2-80 

Peas  Fla  h,  ®’  bU .  125  ® 

Rad  mhos.  S'n  *  bbl.-  bkt . ”  ”  lZ  %  4  75 

Sa“ifv‘<l(ln  hUtbeen'  H  bbl .  !•?>  «  2.00 

oaisiry  ion  bunches .  6  00  ©  7  no 

SpinachTm'  bU . UB  I  2.60 

IqSSS’bM1:::.:*. . {*  ®§*> 

TwnX',  ^rbaKa' bbl-- %  i.oo 

Parsnips,  bbl .  . fS  ® 

Tomatoes,  Fla.  orate**'*.”'.".*.*.*.'.*.*.".'.  '.75 
HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 
nlenf'v  aiarket  very  weak.  Cucumbers 
LdXs ie£e  wcfl  ”  n,M'"'ooras  hl8""' 

'S  s  IS 


Mushrooms,  lb . 15  @  .35 

Radishes,  100  bunches .  2.00  @  3.50 

Rhubarb,  doz  bunches . 15  @  .50 

Tomatoes,  lb . 10  @  .20 

BERMUDA  PRODUCTS 
Potatoes  selling  slowly.  Parsley  In  heavy 
supply  and  lower. 

Potatoes,  No.  I,  bbl .  5.50  @  6.00 

No.  2  “  .  4.50  ©  6.00 

Beets,  bu.  crate . 75  @  1.00 

Carrots,  crate . 75  @  1.00 

Lima  Beans,  *  bu .  2.50  @  3  00 

Peas.  *  bu .  1.50  @3.00 

Parsley,  bu.  crate . &5  @1.00 

Romalne,  crate . 75  @  1 .25 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Arrivals  are  very  heavy  and  the  market 
weak  and  unsettled. 

Chickens,  lb . 14  @  .15 

Fowls. . . 15  @  .16 

Roosters . 10  @  .11 

Ducks . 16  @  .18 

Geese . 10  @  .11 

Turkeys . 15  @  .18 

DRESSED  POULTRY-Fresh  Killed 
The  market  on  fresh-killed  is  in  rather 
better  shape  than  last  week,  as  the  heat- 
damaged  supplies  have  been  worked  off. 
Holders  of  cold  storage  stock  are  making 
great  efforts  to  get  rid  of  their  supplies 
at  cut  prices. 

Turkeys,  Fancy . 20  @  22 

Common  to  Hood . 16  @  .29 

Chickens,  roasting,  prime . 18  @  .20 

Common  to  Good . 14  @  ■  .17 

Fancy  broilers,  lb . 30  @  .35 

P°wls .  14  @  .16 

Capons,  best,  lb . 24  @  .25 

Medium  grades . 22  @  .23 

Small  and  Slips . 14  ®  .16 

Squabs,  doz .  2.00  @  4.50 

DRESSED  POULTRY-FROZEN 

Turkeys,  best . 22  @  .23 

Chickens,  milk-fed  broilers  .  .22  @  .26 

Corn-fed  broilers . 15  @  .20 

Mi lk- fed  roasters . 17  @  .19 

Corn-fed  roasters . 15  @  .16 

Fowls  . . .  .16  @  .16 

Ducks,  best . is  @  .20 

Common  to  good . 14  @  .17 

Geese . .  @  .14 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 
Hothouse  lambs  of  medium  and  low 
grades  very  plenty  and  selling  slowly. 

Trade  in  calves  is  active. 

Calves,  good  to  prime . 13  @  .14 

r  Gommon  . . 08  @  .12 

Lambs,  hothouse,  head . 3.00  @  7.60 

Pork,  light . .10  @  .11 

Medium  to  heavy .  09  ra  .09* 

Roasting  Pigs,  lb . 14  @  .17 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Prime  Timothy  is  rather  scarce  and  firm, 
t  lover  mixed  of  medium  and  above  quality 
selling  well.  Lower  grades  very  dull. 

?°-  '■  ton . 20.00  @  21.00 

S°-  i! . .  ©  19.50 

. . .  V  '  . . . 14.60  @  16.00 

(-lover . 10.00  @  14.00 

Straw,  Kye  .  9.00  @  11.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 8.00  @  9.00 


LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 6.10  @6  60 

Oxen  and  Stags .  5.00  @  5^5 

c°ws .  2.40  @  4  75 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs .  7.50  @11.00 

sheep. mill.. . iZ  %  1:88 

J-a  m  0s .  g  oo  &  6  76 

Ho«s .  7.50  @  7.80 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.08  @ 

No.  2,  Red . .  ra 

No.  1  Macaroni . 97  <a 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 49  ©  *62 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 35  @  '37 

Kfe . .  @  .80 

MILL  FEED 

Spring  Bran,  ton .  24  00  ®  25  00 

Standard  Middlings .  26.00  @  27.50 

Red  Dog.  . .  27.50  @  28.00 

Hominy  Chop .  92.50  @  23.70 

Linseed  Meal .  35.00  @  3C.oo 

Corn  Meal . 23.00  @24.00 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  14.46 

„  Middling  Gulf .  '  1470 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  isas 

Good  Middling .  14.45 

WOOL 


Fleeces,  Delaine,  unwashed. 
Ohio  Fine,  unwashed  .. 

Kentucky,  three-eighths  blood . 

.  .26 

@ 

@ 

© 

.26* 

.23 

.30 

97  UL 

Michigan,  half  blood . 

TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadleaf-iiller . 

.08 

in 

Fine  wrppers . 

N.  \  .  State  Fillers . 

.06 

.12 

.19 

.07 

in 

Gh 

•w 

Fine  and  Selections . 

Ohio,  Zimmer  s  Spanish _ 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs.. 

@ 

© 

.16 

.20 

mix 

Dark  Leaf . 

Bight  Cutters . 

.12 

@ 

.30 

Speaker  (warming  up  to  his  subject)  : 

What  we  want  is  men  with  convictions, 
and  where  shall  we  find  them?  Voice: 

In  jail,  guv’nor!” — Penny  Illustrated 
Paper. 

“Waiter!”  called  a  diner  at  a  local 
club,  “come  here  at  once !  Here’s  a 
hook-and-eye  in  this  salad !”  Yessah, 
yessah,”  sa*d  the  waiter,  grinning 
broadly.  “Dat’s  a  paht  of  de  dressing, 
seh  !” — Cleveland  Plain  Dealer. 

I  was  visiting  a  California  turkey 
farm  last  month  when  a  boy  applied 
for  a  job.  “Your  references  are  good. 
I’ll  try  you,”  said  the  farmer.  “Is  there 
any  chance  to  rise,  sir?”  the  boy  asked. 
“Yes,”  said  the  farmer.  “A  grand 
chance.  \  ou  11  rise  at  four  o’clock  every 
morning.”— St.  Louis  Globe-Democrat. 

The  new  cook,  who  had  come  into  the 
household  during  the  holidays,  asked  her 
mistress:  “Where  ban  your  son?  I  not 
seeing  him  round  no  more.”  “My  son !” 
replied  the  mistress  pridefully.  “Oh,  lie 
has  gone  back  to  Yale.  He  could  only 
get  away  long  enough  to  stay  until  New 
Year’s  Day,  you  see.  I  miss  him  dread- 
hilly,  though.”  “Yas.  I  knowing  yoost 
how  you  feel.  My  broder,  he  ban  in 

yail  sax  times  since  T’ankgiving  ” _ 

Judge. 


.SAVE 


373 


One-Third  the  Cost  of  a  New 
BUTTERFLY  While  You  Are 
Trying  it  FREE  for  Thirty  Days 

th-4  1  Ya^  CTn  order  a  New  Butterfly  on  our  30-Day 
l*ree  Trial  Plan  and  before  you  pay  us  a  cent  it  will  have  earned 

mo°nths  frXw- n  m°n|y  paJ  on?-third  its  cost.  I  a  three  to  four 
months  it  will  pay  for  itself  entirely  and  then  go  on  making  more 
f°r70,u  everyday.  You  take  no  risk  with  a  Butterfly.  If  you  don’t 
find  it  entirely  satisfactory,  you  return  it  and  we  pay  all  freight  charges. 

Easiest  to  Turn— Easiest  to  Clean 

y<?UjCan  te?t  it  alongside  of  any  other  separator  made.  Its 
al?min.um  skimming  device  and  its  few  simple 
parts  make  it  the  easiest  to  clean  and  easiest  to  turn  of  any  on 
tno  market,  hence  just  the  separator  for  women.  Write  for  our  now  1911 

Free  Book  and  30-0ay  Free  Trial  Offer 

fi  £5*22*  th^  mnueyyou  can  save.  Made  in  five  sizes  for  herds  of  one 
to  fifty  cows.  Guaranteed  a  lifetime.  Send  today  for  free  Catalog! 

ALBAUGH- DOVER  CO.J21 67  Marshall  Blvd.,  CHICAGO,  ILL 


A  Remarkable  Fuel  Saving 
Farm  Engine  15  Days  FREE 


GASOLINE  is  way  up  now.  from  6  to  16  cents  more  than  kerosene,  and  is  still  soaring 
The  bur  automobile  demand  is  responsible  for  it.  What  will  you  do  if  your  engine 
wont  run  on  kerosene?  Better  be  on  the  safe  side.  Better  own  an  engine  that 

will  operate  on  either  kerosene  or  gasoline. 

Record  Breaking  PERFECTION  Kerosene  Engine 

Tho  PERFECTION  does  what  no  other  engine  can  do.  It  vaporized  kerosene,  drawing 
al,E,  thro,,gh  J!,e  carbureter  so  that  it  has  tho  same  force  as  gasoline  in  the  cylinder. 

1  ho  Perfection  is  light,  portable,  has  only  three  moving  parts,  runs  everything  about 
tho  place,  operates  on  any  engine  fuel,  is  priced  lower  than  others  of  tho  same  size. 

1  5  Days’  Frc©  X rial  ^ou  can  ^ave  ono  these  engines  for  1J5  days*  free  trial. 

*•  »•  YT  M,  4  x  Cal1  on  y°ur  dealer,  ask  him  to  show  you  the  “Perfec¬ 

tion.  He  11  let  you  use  one  on  your  farm  for  15  days  and  if  you  find  that  it  is  not  as 
represented,  we  will  refund  cheerfully  every  dollar  paid  for  it  by  you.  Ask  for  our 
tree  fcngme  Book  or  if  your  dealer  doos  not  carry  tho  “Perfection”  write  to  us  direct. 

Caille  Perfection  Motor  Co.,  211  Second  Ave.,  Detroit,  Mich 


TRY  IT 
FOR 
US. 


TAKE 
AGENCY 
AND 
GET  A 

V 


KING  SPREADER 

Distributes  Lime,  Ashes,  Fertilizers, 
Bone  Meal  and  fine  Compost  evenly 
from  ioo  lbs- to  2  tons  to  acre.  In  Three 
sizes,  cleans  itself.  Simple,  best  made. 

We  prove  our  confidence  by  terms. 


ONLY 

$15.00 

25.00 

35.00 

Freight 

Paid. 


KING  WEEDER  CO.,  Richmond,  Va. 
SAMPLE  AT  NO  MONEY  COST  PLAN. 


I  Do  You  Intend  To 
FAbandon  Your  Farm? 

In  New  England  there  are  hundreds  of  abandoned  farms— abandoned 
because  the  soil  has  been  drained  of  its  fertility.  Had  these  farms  been 
properly  fertilized  they  would  still  be  producing  bounteous  harvests. 

New  England  farms  are  not  the  only  ones  that  are  being  depleted  of 
fertility.  There  are  thousands  of  other  farms  which  are  rapidly  approaching 
the  point  where  further  cultivation  will  be  unprofitable  unless  some  means  is 
adopted  to  renew  the  fertility  of  the  soil. 

If  you  do  not  intend  to  abandon  your  farm,  it  will  be  necessary  to  sup 
ply  fertilizer  to  the  soil.  It  is  not  only  necessary  to  apply  manure,  but  it  is 
absolutely  essential  that  it  be  applied  evenly  and  in  proper  quantities. 

Manure  cannot  be  spread  evenly  by  hand.  Experience  has  demon¬ 
strated  that  the  spreader  is  the  only  method  by  which  manure  can  be 
applied  uniformly. 

It  is  just  as  necessary  to  exercise  judgment  in 
selecting  a  spreader  as  it  is  on  any  other  subject. 

There  are  many  spreaders  on  the  market.  The  I  H  C 
spreader  has  proved  its  superiority  by  giving  the  users 
years  of  efficient  service.  With  an  I  H  C  spreader  you 
can  regulate  the  distrioution  of  manure  so  as  to  make 
every  ounce  count.  Adjustments  can  be  made  to 
spread  a  light  top-dressing  or  a  Heavy  covering.  This 
is  possible  because  I  H  C  spreaders  have  a  wide  range 
of  feed,  and  the  long,  square,  chisel-pointed  beater 
teeth  thoroughly  pulverize  the  manure  that  is  applied. 

Wide  tires  and  roller  bearings  insure  light  draft, 

I  H  C  spreaders  are  made  in  three  styles — 

Cloverleaf— Corn  King 
Kemp  20th  Century 

Cloverleaf  spreaders  have  endless  aprons.  Corn 
King  and  Kemp  20th  Century  machines  have  return 

aprons.  These  machines  are  made 
with  capacity  suitable  for  farms  of 
any  size. 

Call  on  the  I  H  C  local  dealer 
and  let  him  show  you  the  style  and 
size  best  suited  to  your  purpose. 

If  you  prefer,  write  direct  for  cata¬ 
logue  and  full  particulars. 

International  Harvester  Company 
of  America  Chicago  USA 
(Incorporated) 


~5f 


I  H  C  Service  Bureau 

The  Bureau  Is  a 
center  where  the  best 
ways  of  doing  things 
on  the  farm,  and  data 
relating  to  its  devel¬ 
opment,  are  collected 
and  distributed  free 
to  every  one  interest¬ 
ed  in  agriculture 
Every  available 
source  of  informa¬ 
tion  will  be  used  in 
answering  questions 
on  all  farm  subjects. 
If  the  questions  are 
sent  to  the  I  H  C 
Service  Bureau,  they 
receive  prompt  at¬ 
tention.  - 


374 


THE  KURAb  NEW-YORKEH 


March  18, 


THE  COW  vs.  THE  HEN. 

Among  other  letters  from  the  cow¬ 
men  are  the  following: 

One  of  the  members  of  our  Subordinate 
Grange,  John  Arfman,  authorizes  me  to 
say  to  you  that  he  will  pit  a  cow  against 
Mr.  Dougan's  10  hens  for  12  months  if 
fair  details  can  be  arranged.  lie  is  willing 
to  put  $50  or  $25  in  your  hands,  Mr. 
Dougan  to  do  the  same,  and  the  winner  to 
have  all  at  the  close  of  the  year.  Value 
of  milk  to  be  computed  at  Borden  whole¬ 
sale  prices,  and  value  of  eggs  and  chickens 
also  to  be  reckoned  at  highest  wholesale 
quotations.  o.  w.  mates. 

New  York. 

Mr.  Dougan  speaks  of  comparing  the 
manufactured  hen  product  against  the  raw 
product  of  the  cow.  Will  he  consider  it 
a  fair  go  if  the  receipts  from  ice  cream, 
charlotte  russe,  etc.,  were  figured  against 
his  chicks  and  eggs?  If  he  gets  40  cents 
per  chick  (which  is  cheap  for  good  ones,  as 
I  have  paid  myself  $10  for  13  eggs),  why 
should  not  say  a  Hood  Farm  cow  figure  her 
calf  at  $200?  It  would  then  simply  be  a 
case  of  “who  is  the  biggest?”  If  Mr.  Dou- 
gan  wants  a  contest  so  badly,  and  he  is 
willing  to  stick  to  value  of  food  produced, 
why  I  think  he  ought  not  to  find  it  so 
hard  to  be  accommodated.  I  am  almost 
ashamed  to  take  his  chickens.  My  actual 
receipts  from  .32  ordinary  cows  for  the  past 
three  months  are  one  dollar  per  day  per 
cow.  If  there  is  anything  left  of  Mr. 
Dougan  but  memory,  let's  hear  what  the 
doctor  says.  ALBERT  SCHIMMEL. 

Long  Island. 

If  you  can  formulate  a  plan  that  will  be 
fair  I  am  ready  with  a  cow  any  time.  But 

I  shall  insist  that  the  hens  be  put  under 
inspection  as  well  as  the  cow.  Mr.  Dougan 
savs  that  he  can  get  nine  dozen  eggs  for 
market  and  raise  36  broilers  from  each  hen. 
So  I  will  take  him  at  his  word,  and  he 
must  sell  nine  dozen  eggs  or  90  dozen  in 
all,  and  all  other  eggs  that  the  hens  lay 
may  be  incubated  and  the  product  sold  as 
broilers,  but  nothing  as  breeding  stock.  I 
have  a  cow  that  is  due  to  calve  February 

II  that  1  would  like  to  put  up  against  the 
hens.  I  will  put  her  on  authenticated 
test  under  the  supervision  of  the  State 
Agricultural  College,  and  her  butter  shall 
be  figured  from  that  test.  I  will  actually 
churn  the  butter  and  sell  it  for  whatever 
1  can  get  for  it,  and  -will  weigh  her  milk 
and  either  raise  a  pig.  on  it  or  a  calf,  or 
have  its  value  estimated  at  so  much  per 
hundred,  as  you  think  best.  Of  course,  the 
cow  is  worth  several  times  what  the  hens 
would  be  worth  to  me,  but  1  have  so  much 
confidence  in  her  that  I  am  willing  to  risk 
her.  I  am  not  much  of  a  hen  man.  but  my 
next  door  neighbor  is  quite  an  expert,  and 
knowing  my  cowt,  he  says  that  it  will  take 
50  hens  very  well  cared  for  to  equal  her 
in  profit.  The  test  must  begin  by  March 
1,  if  I  put  this  cow  in. 

New  York.  J.  grant  morse. 

R.  N.-Y. — We  put  these  letters  before 
Mr.  Dougan.  As  to  the  plan  suggested 
by  Mr.  Mapes  the  conditions  are,  in  our 
judgment,  not  quite  fair.  These  10  hens 
may  be  worth  $15,  while  the  cow  is 
probably  worth  $150.  To  hold  both 
sides  down  to  wholesale  prices  would 
not  be  fair  unless  we  let  Mr.  Dougan 
take  $150  worth  of  hens — or  an  equiv¬ 
alent  of  the  cow’s  value.  One  thing  we 
would  like  to  bring  out  in  this  contest 
is  the  ability  of  a  man  to  sell  his  goods 
to  advantage.  If  Mr.  Dougan  can  get 
*  a  good  share  of  the  consumer's  dollar 
he  should  have  the  privilege.  He  does 
not  sell  any  birds  or  eggs  as  breeding 
stock.  We  would  advise  him  not  to 
enter  a  contest  and  be  held  down  to 
wholesale  prices. 

Mr.  Albert  Schimmel  is  one  dairyman 
in  10,000.  He  has  a  dairy  right  in  New 
York  City,  buys  common  cows  and  milks 
them  out  and  sells  inspected  milk  at 
high  prices.  Some  of  it  is  sold  by  the 
glass.  Thus  one  of  his  cows  will,  as  he 
says,  earn  one  dollar  a  day.  We  do  not 
think  this  would  make  a  fair  contest,  at 
least  not  one  which  would  prove  what 
we  are  after. 

Mr.  Morse  makes 
cept  that  he  proposes 
gan’s  sale  of  eggs  to 
make  any  limit  at  all; 


We  make  the  condition  that  no  eggs  or 
stock  be  sold  for  breeding  purposes.  It 
must  be  a  plain  deal  in  food  products. 

Later  the  following  letter  was  re¬ 
ceived  from  M r.  Cloud  : 

If  interested  farmers  will  analyze  W.  J. 
Dougan's  figures  they  will  find  that  his  104 
hens  had  help  part  of  the  year  from  17;> 
pullets.  Now  my  cow  that  returned  me 
$143  for  milk  in  one  year,  produced  a  heifer 
calf,  but  unfortunately  for  me  the  heifer 
did  not  mature  in  a  year  so  as  to  help  her 
mother  out  with  the  milk  production.  When 
I  first  answered  Mr.  Dougan's  challenge  1 
had  no  idea  of  boasting  of  my  cow.  1  sim¬ 
ply  hoped  1  might  awaken  some  dairymen 
to"  the  need  of  keeping  records,  and  know¬ 
ing  which  cows  make  money  and  which  are 
boarders.  In  regard  to  Mr.  Dougan's  chal¬ 
lenge  to  put  his  hens  against  my  cow,  win¬ 
ner  to  take  both,  I  enjoy  all  sorts  of  games, 
even  to  a  horse  race,  but  I  never  yet 
plaved  for  a  stake.  We  also  keep  Leghorn 
hens,  and  could  tell  some  tall  stories  about 
them,  for  we  know  more  than  we  do  about 
the  cows.  We  know  what  it  costs  to  raise 
and  keep  them,  and  something  of  the  losses 
from  roup,  foxes,  hawks,  etc. 

Chester  Co.,  I’a.  r.  allen  cloud. 

As  it  seems  difficult  to  organize  a 
satisfactory  lien  and  cow  contest  we 
have  arranged  with  Mr.  Dougan  to  make 
a  year's  test  of  10  Wyandotte  and  10 
Leghorn  liens.  Reports  will  be  printed 
regularly,  and  if  others  want  to  start 
similar  "tests  for  comparison  we  shall  be 
glad  to  hear  from  them. 


A  LARGE  MINK  STORY. 

I  find  some  interesting  skunk  and  weasel 
stories  in  The  R.  N.-Y.,  so  will  give  my 
experience  with  a  mink.  More  than  40 
years  ago  I  went  on  to  a  homestead  in 
Kansas;  I  built  a  small  henhouse  of  poles, 
chinked  the  cracks  with  hay,  and  covered 
and  banked  with  hay.  One  cold  night,  with 
snow  on  the  ground,  I  heard  a  squalling 
out  there  and  ‘hiked”  out  only  half  dressed, 
with  a  candle  and  matches ;  got  into  the 
henhouse,  lit  my  light  and  there  lay  six 
biddies  dead  and  a  big  mink  trying  to  get 
more.  I  struck  at  .him  a  dozen  or  more 
times  with  a  club ;  but  couldn't  hit  him, 
lie  was  so  quick.  Every  time  I  gave  him 
a  close  call  he  would  run  out  through  the 
hole  he  had  made  in  the  chinking;  but 
would  come  right  in  again.  As  1  was  feel¬ 
ing  the  cold  I  concluded  I  would  “catch  him 
alive,”  so  holding  my  hand  just  above 
the  hole  when  he  stuck  his  head  through 
and  smelt  of  my  hand  (he  was  not  a  bit 
afraid),  I  made  a  grab  for  his  neck,  but  he 
slipped  back  and  I  missed  him ;  he  came 
right  through  again  ;  and  when  through  all 
but  his  hind  quarters.  I  made  another  grab 
and  got  him  around  the  neck.  Now  if  you 
never  had  hold  of  a  big  live  mink  you 
can  have  no  idea  of  their  prodigious 
strength ;  but  I  held  him,  though  he 
scratched  my  wrist  fearfully  and  took  him 
into  the  house  and  pounded  his  head  with 
a  hammer.  His  hide  brought  me  $1.50, 
which  just  squared  the  account  for  the 
biddies  he  had  killed.  J.  p.  little. 

New  Mexico. 


a  good  offer,  ex- 
to  limit  Air.  Dou- 
nine  dozen.  Why 
If  there  is  more 


irofit  in  broilers  or  chicks,  why  should 
lot  Mr.  Dougan  be  permitted  to  handle 
lis  eggs  as  he  sees  fit — provided  both 
;ggs  and  chicks  are  sold  as  food  and 
tot  as  breeding  stock  ?  Again,  we  doubt 
f  it  is  what  the  public  wants,  or  a  fair 
leal,  to  put  up  a  purebred,  superior  cow 
igainst  10  ordinary  hens.  If  these  hens 
were  kept  to  sell  high-class  breeding 
stock,  it  would  be  another  thing,  but  all 
that  is  claimed  for  them  is  that  they 
ire  just  ordinary  hens,  such  as  any 
;areful  farmer  can  produce.  Mr.  Dou¬ 
gan  figures  that  his  hens  averaged  164 
eggs  each  last  year — not  a  large  yield 
compared  with  some  of  the  claimed 
“records.”  Our  own  desire  is  to  have 
this  contest  between  the  hens  and  an 
“ordinary”  cow — that  is,  one  such  as 
would  be  found  in  a  good  dairy  herd. 
In  other  words,  a  cow  that  would  com¬ 
pare  well  as  a  farm  animal  with  Mr. 
Dougan’s  hens.  On  examining  his  offer 
on  page  113  you  will  see  that  he  named 
such  cows  as  Mr.  Cloud  named.  1  he 
R.  N.-Y.  and  not  Mr.  Dougan  is  respon¬ 
sible  for  broadening  out  the  cow  limit. 
We  advise  him  to  stick  to  his  challenge 
to  ordinary  cows,  to  submit  to  reason¬ 
able  inspection,  and  to  claim  the  right  to 
sell  his  eggs  and  chickens  wherever  he 
can  get  the  best  price  for  them  as  food. 


City  Manure  and  Fertilizer. 

How  does  Now  York  City  manure  at 
$2.30  per  ton  compare  with  a  high  grade 
commercial  fertilizer  at  $30  per  ton,  both 
the  first  crop  and  lasting  value  to  the  land. 

w.  E.  T. 

What  is  the  analysis  of  the  “commercial 
fertilizer  at  $30  ?:’  We  cannot  make  any 
comparison  until  we  know  how  much  nitro¬ 
gen,  phosphoric  acid  and  potash  the  fer¬ 
tilizer  contains.  The  ton  of  manure  con¬ 
tains  about  10  pounds  nitrogen,  six  pounds 
of  phosphoric  acid  and  12  of  potash,  and 
is  a  fair  bargain  at  $2.30.  Now  let  us 
know  what  is  guaranteed  for  the  fertilizer 
and  we  can  compare  them. 

The  Farmer’s  Son’s 
Great  Opportunity 

-  Why  wait  for  the  old  farm  to  become  your  in¬ 

heritance?  Begin  now  to  propare  for 
your  future  prosperity  and  inde¬ 
pendence.  A  great  opportunity 
awaits  you  In  Manitoba,  Saskatch¬ 
ewan  or  Alberta,  where  you  can  se¬ 
cure  a  Free  Homestead  or  buy  land 
at  reasonable  prices. 

Now’s  the  Time 

— not  a  year  from  now,  when  land 
will  be  higher.  The  profits  secured 
'from  the  abundant  crops  of 
Wheat,  Oats  and  Barley,  as 
well  as  cattle  raising,  are  causing  a  steady  ad¬ 
vance  in  price.  Government  returns  show 
that  the  number  of  settlers  In  West¬ 
ern  Canada  from  the  IT.  S.  was  60 
per  cent  larger  In  1910  than  the 
previous  year. 

Many  farmers  Rave  paid  forthelr 
land  out  of  the  proceeds  of  one  crop. 

l’ree  Homesteads  of  160  acres  and 
pre-emptions  of  160  acres  at  $6.00 
an  acre.  Splendid  climate,  good 
schools,  excellent  railway  facilities, 
low  freight  rates;  wood,  water  and 
lumber  easily  obtained. 

For  pamphlet  "Last  Best  West,”  particulars 
as  to  locations  and  low  settlers’  rate,  apply  to 
Sup’tlmmig., Ottawa.  Can.,  ortoCan.  Gov.  Agt, 
Supt.  of  Immigration,  Ottawa,  Canada,  or 
Canadian  Government  Agent.  30  Syracuse 
Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


I’ll  Save  You  $50 

On  a  Manure  Spreader 

-If  You’ll  Let  Me 

This  is  just  a  little  ad— but  a  postal  will  bring  my  Bio 
Book— and  give  you  my  $50.00  Saving  Price  and  Special 
Proposition.  You  can  save  as  much  answering  this  little  ad¬ 
vertisement  as  ii  it  covered  a  page. 

My  Spreader  positively,  will  do  better  work  and  last  longer 

Paid 


than  any  Spreader  made — no  mat¬ 
ter  what  the  price— so  why  pay  $50 
more?  40,000  farmers  have  ' 
stamped  fholr  O.  K.  on 
my  spreader  and  money 
saving  price.  MySpecial 
Proposition  will  interest  you. 

J  ust  a  postal  addressed  to  Gal¬ 
loway  ol  Waterloo.  Iowa,  will! 
bring  you  everything  postpaid. 

Will  You  Pay  a  Penny  For 
The  Postal  and  Save  850.00? 
Address  Win.  Calloway,  Pros. 

WM.  CALLOWAY  CO. 

869  Calloway  Sta.  Waterloo,  la 


Home  Fertilizers 

Mixed 

Some  day  you  will  want  to  mix  your  own 
Fertilizers,  so  as  to  get  them  CHEAPER  and 
BETTER  than  any  other  way.  You  need 
my  book  on  Home  Mixing,  containing 

FORMULAS 

and  instructions,  as  well  as  other  informa¬ 
tion.  Send  your  name  and  address  on 
Post  Card  to 

Dr.  WILLIAM  S.  MYERS,  Director  of  Propaganda 
71  Nassau  Street,  New  York 

NO  BRANCH  OFFICES 


and  bis  book  will  be 
sent  you 


Entirely  Free 


1911  Spreader 

Bargains — 

*42-50 


Unrivalled 
Values 


Starting  at 

— Delivered  in  Michigan.  Slightly 
more  in  other  states  owing  to  increased  freight  charges.  Just  as  big  values  through¬ 
out  our  full  line  of  complete  machines.  Whether  you  want  an  Endless  or  Return 
Apron  machine,  wood  or  steel  wheels,  50  to  100  bushels  capacity,  or  our  Wagon  Box 
Spreader,  you  can't  beat  the  Detroit-American  quality,  no  matter  what  you  pay. 

Detroit  -  American  s££S 

you  pay.  No  other  spreader  in  the  world  could  every  advantage  others  offer  and  Send 

make  good  on  our  proposition.  Read  about  your  name  now.  Our  big  book  is  the  best 
th q ^earless  construction;  read  how  much  more  ever  written  about  spreaders.  Aiso  shows 
steel  we  use.  See  the  remarkable  simplicity  and  big  values  in  famous  DetroiL- American 
strength.  Six  changes  of  feed  mean  etliciency.  Tongueless  Disc  Harrows  and  Cultivators. 
It’s  the  mistake-proof  spreader — you  can’t  Write  postal  now.  Address 

AMERICAN  HARROW  CO.,i  1615  Hastings  Street,  Detroit,  Mich. 


M 


mmwl 


33  YEARS  OF  SUCCESS 


Get 
Our 
Book 
Free 


llllfi 


ROLLER-BEARINCT 
LIGHT  DRAFT 


SUCCESS  SPREADER 

The  only  spreader  with  a  33-year  record  of  good  work.  Simplicity,  Durability 
and  Light  Draft  always  foremost.  Direct  Chain  Drive.  No  Cog  Gears.  1  he 
choice  of  men  who  investigate  thoroughly.  Wood  or  metal  wheels.  A  generation 
of  experience  back  of  every  Success.  The  leader  from  the  first.  Exclusive  features 
all  patented.  Catalog  of  facts  Free.  Write  us  promptly. 

Kemp  &  Burpee  Company,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


m 


Clip  Your  Horses  and 
Cows  with  this  Machine 


Horses  should  be  clipped  in  the  spring.  Clipped  horses  thrive  on 
less  feed,  are  healthier,  look  better  and  do  better  work.  They  dry 
off  quickly,  rest  well  and  are  not  prone  to  have  colds,  etc.,  like  un¬ 
dipped  animals.  Clip  the  flanks  and  about  the  udders  of  your  cows 
every  three  or  four  weeks.  This  makes  it  easy  to  clean  the  parts  before 
milking  and  insures  clean,  uncontaminated  milk.  The  easiest  and 
quickest  way  ever  devised  for  clipping  horses  and  cows  is  with  this 

Stewart  Ball  Bearing  Clipping 

JUf  rv  /,[,<«/)  Anyone  can  operate  it.  It  turns  easier  and  clips  faster  than  any 
IVm  Ci  C  II  £  I  I  other.  The  gears  are  all  of  cut  steel  made  file  hard.  They  are 
enclosed,  protected  and  run  in  oil.  It  has  six  feet  of  high  grade  flexible 
shaft,  and  the  celebrated  Stewart  single  nut  tension  clipping  bead, 
highest  grade.  The  price  all  complete,  as  shown,  is  only  .  .  . 

Get  ond  from  your  dealer  or  send  $2  and  we  will  ship  C.O.D. 
for  the  balance.  Write  today  for  new  1911  catalogue. 

Chicago  Flexible  Shaft  Company 

143  LaSalle  Ave.,  CHICAGO 


ne  uara.  i  ucy  ait 

$yj50 


1911. 


THE  HI  1RAL  N  E  W -VORKKK 


AILING  ANIMALS. 

Hygroma. 

I  have  a  two-year-old  registered  heifer 
that  has  a  bunch  or  bruise  on  front  knee. 
Is  there  any  hope  of  taking  it  off  per¬ 
manently?  She  is  a  valuable  animal,  and 
it  spoils  her  beauty.  f.  m.  s. 

New  York. 

Bruising  on  manger  is  the  cause  and 
fluid  no  doubt  is  present  in  a  cyst.  It  can 
be  successfully  operated  upon  by  an  expert. 
External  applications  will  do  no  good. 

A.  s.  A. 

Thrush. 

I  purchased  a  brood  mare  a  short  time 
ago,  and  she  has  thrush  in  the  fore  feet. 
What  can  I  do  for  it?  I  notice  some  ad¬ 
vise  not  to  cure  if  in  the  fore  feet,  as  it 
is  liable  to  cause  the  horse  to  go  lame.  Is 
this  true?  F.  w.  c. 

Pennsylvania. 

Keep  stall  floors  clean  and  dry.  Clean 
out  cleft  of  frog  and  pack  with  calomel 
once  daily,  retaining  it  in  place  with 
pledgets  of  oakum  or  cotton.  Thrush  should 
be  cured  as  soon  as  possible  in  either  fore 
or  hind  feet.  It  very  rarely  causes  lame¬ 
ness.  a.  s.  A. 

Bone  Spavin ;  Catarrh  in  Sheep. 

1.  Will  you  give  treatment  for  bone 
spavin  on  a  horse?  2.  I  have  a  flock  of 
sheep,  most  of  them  run  at  the  nose.  I 
notice  some  of  the  lambs  are  running  at 
the  nose  same  as  the  old  ones.  What  can 
I  do  for  them?  T.  m.  w. 

1.  When  lameness  is  present  the  best 
treatment  is  to  have  the  spavin  and  hock 
Joints  fired  and  blistered  by  a  qualified  vet¬ 
erinarian,  and  then  tie  the  horse  up  short 
in  stall  for  six  weeks  absolute  rest.  2.  Keep 
the  sheep  out  of  doors  as  much  as  pos¬ 
sible,  but  protect  from  wet  and  from 
driving  winds.  Dirty,  badly  ventilated 

stables  often  cause  catarrh  in  sheep. 

a.  s.  A. 

Periodic  Ophthalmia, 

I  have  a  horse  that  has  sore  eyes ;  some¬ 
times  one  eye  will  be  sore  and  sometimes 
both ;  the  eyes  water,  and  are  real  red 
inside  of  eye.  In  Summer  time  they  are 
all  right;  Fall  and  Winter  they  will  get 
sore.  Some  say  it  is  moon  blindness. 
Could  you  tell  me  what  is  wrong  and  what 
to  do  for  it?  J-  H-  B- 

Pennsylvania. 

The  disease  is  periodic  ophthalmia  (moon 
blindness),  and  incurable.  It  causes  blind¬ 
ness  after  successive  attacks.  Bathe  the 
eyes  twice  daily  with  a  10  per  cent,  solu¬ 
tion  of  boric  acid  when  inflamed.  Darken 
the  stable.  This  will  afford  some  degree 
of  relief.  Giving  a  dram  of  iodide  of  potash 
in  the  drinking  water  night  and  morning  for 
five  consecutive  days  a  week  will  tend  to 
retard  blindness.  a.  s.  a. 

Ringworm. 

How  can  we  destroy  a  parasite  which 
is  giving  both  man  and  beast  great  trouble 
here?  Our  local  veterinarian  has  been 
treating  this  for  two  months;  he  gave  re¬ 
lief  but  no  cure  as  yet.  He  told  me  to 
apply  the  wash  with  my  hand,  and  I  did 
once  too  many  times  for  my  own  good.  I 
got  12  of  the  parasites  lodged  in  one  hand 
and  wrist.  They  were  the  most  interesting 
little  colony  that  I  ever  had  anything  to 
do  with.  I  applied  blue  vitriol  and  iodine 
to  stop  their  spreading,  but  could  not.  The 
veterinarian  calls  this  disease  mange  or 
Mexican  itch.  A.  T. 

The  disease  is  no  doubt  ringworm,  due 
to  the  vegetable  parasite  Tricophyton  ton¬ 
surans.  Scrub  each  spot  clean,  and  when 
dry  rub  in  castor  oil  freely.  Repeat  ap¬ 
plication  of  iodine  every  other  day,  and 
use  the  oil  once  or  twice  daily. 

a.  s.  A. 

Ailing  Cow. 

I  have  a  young  cow  that  came  in  last 
Summer  with  her  second  calf.  About  four 
weeks  or  so  after  calving  she  acted  very 
strangely  one  milking  time,  staggering  up 
to  be  milked  and  apparently  blind,  as  she 
would  walk  into  trees  and  over  rocks.  I 
called  in  two  veterinarians,  one  of  whom 
thought  she  had  a  stroke.  We  doctored  her 
quite  a  while.  She  improved  and  regained 
her  sight,  keeping  to  her  milk  all  the  time 
but  she  is  growing  poorer  and  losing  in 
flesh,  although  apparently  feeling  well.  She 
frolics  and  acts  lively  and  looks  well  every 
other  way,  only  growing  poor.  What  feed  1 
would  you  recommend?  Do  you  think  it  ; 
possible  that  she  might  have  shingle  nails 
or  anything  of  that  sort  in  her  internal 
organs?  We  shingled  barns  this  Summer. 
What  would  you  advise?  farmer. 

New  York. 

In  the  first  place  we  would  suspect  that 
the  staggering  and  temporary  blindness  was 
associated  with  some  severe  derangement  of 
the  digestive  organs.  In  some  instances  it 
Is  due  to  impaction  of  the  third  stomach 
(leaves  or  manyplies)  ;  in  others'  to  some 
other  form  of  indigestion  or  to  poisonous 
or  irritating  matters  in  the  feed.  As  other 
cattle  do  not  seem  to  have  been  similiarly 
affected  we  can  scarcely  take  this  to  be  a 
case  of  weed  poisoniug.or  forage  poisoning 
from  molds.  It  is  possible  that  foreign  bod¬ 


ies,  such  as  shingle  nails,  have  been  taken 
in ;  but  where  such  foreign  bodies  cause 
derangement  of  the  digestive  organs  it  is 
almost  certain  that  the  animal  will  suffer 
from  chronic  bloating  of  the  rumen  (pauneb, 
on  left  side).  We  do  not  think  it  likely  that 
she  is  in  calf.  Taking  the  history  and  cir¬ 
cumstances  into  consideration  we  are  unable 
to  advise  as  to  treatment  which  would 
probably  restore  health  and  on  general  prin¬ 
ciples,  would  consider  it  highly  advisable 
to  have  her  tested  with  tuberculin,  lest 
tuberculosis  should  happen  to  be  present. 
That  disease  is  always  to  be  suspected 
when  a  cow  gradually  fails  and  becomes 
emaciated  from  unknown  cause.  a.  s.  a. 

Hoofs  Sloughing. 

I  desire  a  little  information  in  regard 
to  a  sick  mare.  She  is  a  little  aged,  but 
otherwise  she  lias  always  been  very  hearty. 
Recently  I  drove  her  a  few  miles  and  when 
I  came  home  with  her  she  was  apparently 
as  well  as  ever ;  she  ate  her  dinner  and 
supper  as  usual,  but  the  next  morning 
■when  I  went  to  the  stable,  I  found  her 
with  her  left  hind  leg  very  much  swollen 
and  refused  to  eat.  I  applied  hot  water 
and  hot  vinegar  and  salt,  and  the  next 
morning  when  I  went  to  the  stable  both 
hind  legs  were  considerably  swollen.  I 
again  applied  hot  vinegar  and  water  again ; 
seeing  no  satisfactory  results  I  called  a 
veterinary.  He  said  she  had  a  little  kidney 
trouble,  but  would  be  all  right  in  a  few  days. 
On  the  following  Monday  she  had  a  yellow 
ring  around  the  top  of  hoofs,  with  a  nasty 
discharge  and  the  hoofs  were  loose  all 
around  and  looked  as  though  they  were 
coming  off.  I  called  in  the  veterinary  again  v 
he  said  she  was,  going  to  lose  her  hoofs 
and  the  best  thing  to  do  was  kill  her. 

I  have  not  done  so  yet,  and  at  present 
time  she  eats  heartily  and  gets  up  herself 
and  walks  real  well,  but  her  hoofs  are  still 
loose  behind.  I  don’t  think  they  are 
quite  as  bad  in  front  as  they  were.  I  have 
had  old  men  who  have  had  quite  an  ex¬ 
perience  with  horses  and  they  all  say  they 
have  never  seen  such  a  case  before.  I 
would  like  to  know  what  this  is  and  what 
is  the  cause,  and  I  would  also  like  to 
know  if  there  is  such  a  thing  as  a  horse 
losing  its  hoofs.  j.  m.  p. 

Reisterstown,  Md. 

It  is  not  uncommon  for  sloughing  of  the 
hoofs  to  take  place  when  horses  have  been 
poisoned  by  ergot  in  their  hay  or  in  ripe 
grain,  or  in  pasture  grass.  Late  cut  June 
grass  is  particularly  liable  to  cause  “er¬ 
gotism.”  Sloughing  may  also  happen  in 
acute  eoronitis,  suppurating  corn,  nail 
prick  and  founder.  We  cannot  say  what 
has  caused  the  condition  in  the  case  of 
your  mare  or  promise  much  hope  of  re¬ 
covery.  Home  treatment  will  not  avail. 
Call  in  a  graduate  veterinarian  in  place  of 
the  man  you  have  previously  employed. 

a.  s.  A. 

Troubles  with  Swine. 

Will  you  tell  me  what  to  do  to  eradicate 
a  sort  of  “scurf”  which  comes  on  my  pigs? 
Is  it  contagious  and  must  pens  be  disin¬ 
fected  to  kill  it?  It  appears  mostly  on 
the  backs  of  the  pigs,  a  sort  of  scabby  sur¬ 
face  and  at  times  scales  off.  I  have  washed 
them  with  disinfectant  soap,  also  greased 
them  with  sulphur  and  lard ;  as  yet  have 
been  unable  to  kill  it.  Pens  are  kept  clean 
and  mostly  dry  and  have  washed  pen  out 
and  sprinkled  slaked  lime  on  the  floors. 

I  have  a  young  pig  about  five  months  old, 
which  has  some  trouble  with  its  legs. 
While  standing  at  trough  feeding  it  fell 
to  the  floor  and  seemed  to  be  helpless. 
Hind  legs  act  like  being  weak  or  rheumatic, 
standing  slanting  toward  head  and  at  times 
shivers  as  though  cold,  although  in  warm 
pen  in  bank  barn.  This  pig  has  been  kept 
in  dry  pen  and  bed,  allowed  to  run  around 
stables,  feeding  it  wheat  middlings,  with 
bran  mixed  and  wet,  also  corn  on  cob,  be¬ 
side  slop  from  house.  It  might  be  that  It  is 
overfed  or  that  has  been  kicked  by  a  cow 
while  rooting  around  the  excrement  at  the 
cow’s  stall.  I  am  interested  in  hog  rais¬ 
ing  and  am  having  some  discouraging  ex¬ 
periences.  Can  you  recommend  some  au¬ 
thority  on  hog  raising  in  book  form  that 
would  cover  diseases  and  remedies,  as  well 
as  rearing  same?  t.  j.  l. 

Pennsylvania. 


nOO  BUYS  A 
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Dirty  skin  in  hogs  simply  means  lack 
of  health  and  thrift,  and  particularly  in¬ 
activity  of  the  excretory  organs  and  blood 
circulation.  Penning  the  pigs  and  feeding 
heavily  explains  the  trouble  and  local  ' rem¬ 
edies  will  not  avail.  One  must  remove 
the  cause ;  then  the  skin  will  become 
healthy  in  unison  with  health  of  all  of  the 
other  organs  of  the  body.  Turn  the  pigs 
out,  but  provide  a  dry,  clean  pen,  bedded 
with  shredded  corn  fodder  for  them  to  run 
to  at  night.  Feed  roots  and  Alfalfa  hay  or 
mlage  may  take  place  of  roots.  Stop  feed¬ 
ing  <oin.  Skim-milk  and  middlings  may  be 
f  ven  once  daily.  Apply  to  skin  a  mix¬ 
ture  of  one  part  kerosene  and  two  parts 
0li'  lE"b  11  *'«■  a  bnish P  A, 

•Ticket™  S/™d  T”"'  m,,<T  hr"U  of 
V  That  is  the  trouble,  and  It 

omes  from  the  causes  mentioned.  Prof 
Dietrick  s  book  on  swine  will  give  you 

ing  Tn  f  info™ation>  a^o  “Swine  Breed- 

SfJ“  A™nCa'  by  F-  D'  Cobu,n’  Pri<* 

office  U  may  bC  °rdered  through  this 

A.  B.  A. 

Heaves. 

V<?-  a  mai’°  eight  years  old  1  bought 
last  Spring.  Last  Summer  she  began  to 
cough  and  has  a  rattling  in  her  head  or 
throat,  but  think  it  is  in  the  head.  This 
Winter  she  is  much  worse;  sometimes 
coughs  up  a  mattery  substance,  breathes 
hard  at  times,  and  sides  work  like  a  horse 
that  has  the  heaves.  She  is  in  good  work¬ 
ing  order.  After  working  her  a  while  she 
sei  ms  to  be  better,  and  if  she  sweats  any 
w  iile  working  she  coughs  worse  next  morn¬ 
ing.  I  bred  her  last  May.  I  feed  her  six 
ears  of  corn  three  times  a  day,  and  bran 
ith  corn  ;  give  fodder  at  evening  and  hay 
In  the  morning  dampened  with  lime  water. 
Can  there  be  anything  done  for  her? 
°hio-  N.  g. 

There  can  be  no  question  that  this  is 
a  bad  case  of  heaves,  and  incurable.  Dis¬ 
tress  may,  however,  be  lessened  by  feeding 
wet  oat  straw  in  Winter  and  grass  in  place 
of  hay  in  Summer.  Feed  whole  oats  and 
bran  in  place  of  corn.  Do  not  feed  any 
bulky  food  at  noon.  Do  not  work  her  soon 
after  a  meal,  it  is  not  wise  to  breed  from 
a  mare  afflicted  with  heaves,  as  tendency 
to  the  disease  is  hereditary.  a.  s.  a. 

Lameness. 

I  have  a  mare  about  12  years  old.  When 
taken  out  of  the  stable  she  walks  stiffly, 
when  in  a  slow  trot  goes  lame  on  the  off 
fore  leg,  and  nigh  hind  leg,  not  very  badly, 
but  so  that  it  is  noticeable ;  after  driving 
three  or  four  miles  it  passes  off,  and  she 
travels  free.  Then  if  allowed  to  stand 
for  a  short  time  even  she  will  act  the  same 
way ;  stiff  and  lame  for  a  time  and  then 
get  over  it.  Is  it  likely  to  be  caused  by 
rheumatism?  She  is  in  good  condition,  but 
rather  a  light  feeder.  I  have  only  owned 
her  about  10  days  and  know  nothing  of  her 
previous  to  that  time.  She  did  not  show 
any  lameness  at  the  time  I  bought  her,  but 
started  to  go  lame  on  the  way  home  and 
the  next  night  there  was  a  slight  swelling 
of  the  cords  between  the  knee  and  fetlock  of 
the  “off”  fore  leg,  which  I  easily  reduced 
by  bathing  with  hot  water.  A.  w.  b. 

Massachusetts. 

Rheumatism  may  be  present,  but  it  Is 
much  more  likely  that  you  have  had  a 
chronic  case  palmed  off  upon  you  by  a 
sharp  dealer.  Without  an  examination  we 
are  unable  to  say  what  causes  the  lame¬ 
ness,  so  it  will  be  necessary  to  employ  a 
qualified  veterinarian.  A.  s.  A. 


Farmers’  House  Companies.— -J.  Grant 
Morse’s  article  on  the  “Farmers’  Horse  Com¬ 
pany,”  certainly  will  be  of  great  value  to 
farmers,  as  it  has  brought  out  the  fact 
that  this  “graft”  has  been  worked  in 
many  places  over  the  country.  We  had  the 
game  worked  here,  and  strange  to  say,  there 
were  24  suckers  found  who  would  put  up 

IH’A00  for„  a  horse  that  was  worth  perhaps 
$600  or  $800.  As  usual  the  agent  came 
here  and  got  two  well-known  men  to  head 
the  list  of  stockholders  (and  it  is  a  well 
settled  fact  that  these  two  “leaders”  got 
their  stock  free)  and  then  had  little  trouble 
in  getting  the  rest  of  the  signers.  It  is  a 
shame  that  there  can  bo  men  found  in  a 
community  who  will  lend  their  influence  to 
help  swindle  their  neighbors,  when  there  is 
a  graft  in  it  for  themselves. 

Montgomery  Co.,  Ill.  jesse  w. OSROtlM 


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«1TC5 


'THE)  reUR-A-L*  NEW-YORKER 


March  18, 


FEEDING  PROBLEMS. 

Under  this  heading  we  endeavor  to  give  advice 
and  suggestions  about  feeding  mixtures  of  grains 
and  fodders.  No  definite  rules  are  given,  but  the 
advice  is  based  upon  experience  and  average 
analyses  of  foods.  By  ‘"protein”  is  meant  the 
elements  in  the  food  which  go  to  make  muscle  or 
lean  meat.  “Carbohydrates”  comprise  the  starch, 
sugar,  etc.,  which  make  fat  and  provide  fuel  for 
the  body,  while  “fat”  is  the  pure  oil  found  in 
foods.  Dry  matter”  means  the  weight  of  actual 
food  left  in  fodder  or  grain  when  all  the  water  is 
driven  off.  A  “narrow  ration”  means  one  in  which 
the  proportion  of  protein  to  carbohydrates  is  close 
— a  “wide”  ration  moans  one  which  shows  a  larger 
proportion  of  carbohydrates. 


Ration  for  Holsteins. 

Will  you  give  a  balanced  ration  for  grade 
Holsteins  giving  10  to  12  quarts  of  milk, 
using  the  following  feeding  stuffs :  Mixed 
hay,  largely  clover;  corn  stover;  mangels; 
corn  and  cob  meal?  We  can  buy  here  bran, 
gluten,  cotton-seed  meal,  linseed  meal  and 
wheat  middlings.  a.  c.  s. 

New  Hampshire. 

If  your  cows  are  good  fresh  Holsteins 
they  should  be  able  to  give  more  than 
10  or  12  quarts  of  milk  per  day.  I  would 
suggest  that  you  mix  your  feed  in  the 
following  proportions  and  see  if  they  will 
not  eat  enough  feed  so  that  they  will 
greatly  increase  their  production  of 

milk  without  over-feeding  them : 

Digestible 

Dry  Pro-  Carbs. 

Feeding  Stuff.  Matter,  tein.  and  Fat. 

12  lbs.  mixed  hay  and 

clover  . 10.44  .744  5.52 

8  lbs.  corn  stover....  4.80  .136  2.72 

20  lbs.  mangels .  1.80  .22  1.12 

4  lbs.  corn  and  cob 

meal  .  3.4  .176  2.66 

2  lbs.  cotton  -  seed 

meai  .  1.84  .744  .888 

1  lb.  linseed  meal  (O. 

P.)  . 91  .293  .485 

4  lbs.  wheat  bran....  3.52  .488  1.812 

26.71  2.801  15.205 

Nutritive  ration  1 :5.4. 

C.  S.  G. 

Ration  for  Milch  Cows. 

How  much  of  each  of  the  following 
should  be  used  fed  twice  a  day  (morning 
and  evening)  to  800-pound  cows  in  full  flow 
of  milk?  Fodder  cut  short,  wheat  bran, 
Buffalo  gluten,  cottou-seed  meal,  and  corn 
and  cob  chop ;  the  other  ingredients  to  be 
sprinkled  on  the  fodder  and  all  to  be 
moistened  with  hot  water  and  left  stand  12 
hours  before  feeding.  At  dinner  cows  are 
to  be  fed  clover  hay.  Have  I  omitted  any 
necessary  thing  for  a  balanced  ration? 

Pennsylvania.  I.  m.  w. 

I  would  suggest  that  you  mix  youT 
ration  in  the  following  proportions, _  feed¬ 
ing  half  in  the  morning  and  half  in  the 
evening,  except  the  clover  hay,  which 
may  be  fed  at  noon,  continuing  your 
present  custom. 

Digestible 

Dry  Pro-  Carbs. 

Feeding  Stuff.  Matter,  tein.  and  Fat. 
12  lbs.  cut  corn  fodder.  6.96  .30  4.476 

7  lbs.  clover  hay....  5.95  .476  2.772 

3  lbs.  bran .  2.64  .366  1.359 

2  lbs.  Buffalo  gluten.  1.80  .464  1.398 

2  lbs.  cotton  -  seed 

meai  .  1.84  .744  .888 

4  lbs.  corn  and  cob 

chop  .  3.40  .176  2.66 

22.59  2.526  13.553 

Nutritive  ration  1 :5.4. 

This  combination  makes  a  well-bal¬ 
anced  ration,  but  it  contains  no  succulent 
material.  Better  results  could  be  ob¬ 
tained  by  substituting  silage,  roots  or 
dried  beet  pulp  for  a  part  of  the  ration 
suggested.  If  none  of  these  is  available 
you  could  add  a  little  oil  meal,  if  re¬ 
quired,  to  prevent  constipation. 

c.  s.  G. 

Lice  on  Cattle;  Insufficient  Ration. 

My  cow  has  been  standing  in  the  stable 
with  little  exercise  save  occasionally  a  day 
out  in  the  sun.  I  have  fed  her  about  two 
quarts  of  oats  in  the  morning  and  a  bundle 
of  cornstalks  and  one-half  bushel  carrots ; 
at  noon  I  give  her  stalks  and  at  night 
stalks  again  and  one-half  bushel  of  car¬ 
rots.  I  have  fed  my  calf,  horn  in  April, 
the  same,  with  one  quart  oats  at  night 
extra.  This  feed  I  was  advised  to  give  by 
a  neighboring  farmer.  I  am  a  city  man  just 
starting  in  on  a  farm.  My  cow  and  calf 
now  have  hair  falling  out ;  a  slight  pull  qn 
the  hair  anywhere  will  bring  a  hunch  of  it, 
leaving  the  skin  bare ;  big  patches  of  skin 
are  bare  around  her  neck  and  abdomen. 
The  hair  on  the  legs  does  not  pull  out  so 
easy.  The  calf  is  afflicted  somewhat  in  the 
eame  manner,  but  not  so  badly.  They  both 
rub  and  lick  themselves  when  loose  as 
though  the  skin  itched  a  good  deal.  What 
do  vou  suppose  is  the  matter.  Don’t  I  feed 
right,  or  have  they  some  skin  disease?  The 
cow  is  very  old  and  has  had  the  garget. 
I  have  cornstalks  with  grain  in  it,  oats  and 
carrots  and  potatoes,  hay  and  straw.  How 
can  I  make  a  ration  out  of  these  for  cow 
and  horse  three  times  a  day?  w.  I.  o. 

You  should  examine  your  cow  and 
calf  for  lice,  and  if  any  are  found  you 
should  kill  them  without  delay.  I  have 
found  unguentum  or  blue  ointment  to  be 
a  good  remedy  when  applied  to  the 
stanchions  and  on  the  head  of  the  ani¬ 
mals  back  of  the  horns  where  they  cannot 
get  at  it  to  lick  it  off,  as  it  is  very  poi¬ 
sonous.  If  you  prefer  to  use  some  of 
the  coal  tar  preparations  mixed  with 
sulphur  this  will  also  kill  the  lice,  but 
it  must  be  applied  all  over  the  animal  at 
least  twice,  a  few  days  apart,  to  be  ef¬ 
fective. 

The  feed  you  are  using  constitutes 
practically  a  maintenance  ration  for  the 
cow.  The  calf  will  grow  some  on  the 
feed  given,  but  you  could  improve  the 
calf  ration  by  adding  some  oil  meal  and 
wheat  middlings,  and  feeding  a  good 
quality  of  meadow  hay  instead  of  the 


stalks.  Hay  and  oats  make  a  fairly  good 
ration  for  a  horse,  but  other  feeds  are 
necessary  for  the  production  of  milk. 
You  should  feed  your  horse  according 
to  the  amount  of  work  he  is  doing.  If 
he  is  growing  poor  increase  the  grain  ra¬ 
tion  and  add  a  little  corn  or  cornmeal. 
If  you  are  trying  to  get  milk  from  your 
cow  I  would  suggest  that  you  try  some 
of  the  milk-producing  rations  given  in 
The  R.  N.-Y.  from  week  to  week. 

C.  S.  G. 

Ration  for  Guernseys. 

Will  you  compound  me  a  balanced  ration 
for  Guernseys?  My  object  is  milk  and 
butter.  I  have  several  hundred  bushels  of 
corn  and  oats,  equal  parts,  and  I  would 
like  to  use  as  much  as  possible  of  this.  I 
can  buy  dried  beer  grains  at  320  ;  distillers’ 
grains,  $32 ;  Winter  bran,  $27 ;  Spring 
bran,  $24 ;  cotton-seed  meal,  $34  ;  oil  meal 
(old  process),  $38;  gluten  feed,  $32.  My 
roughage  consists  of  cornstalks  and  mixed 
Timothy  hay  and  clover  (two-thirds 
Timothy  and  one-third  clover).  It  is  not 
possible  to  have  corn  and  cob  ground  to¬ 
gether.  k.  o.  H. 

New  York. 

If  you  can  buy  good  quality  of  dry 
brewers’  grains  containing  15  to  20  per 
cent  digestible  protein  and  60  to  65  per 
cent  total  digestible  nutrients  for  $20 
per  ton,  I  think  it  would  pay  you  to  feed 
it.  Following  is  the  analysis  of  a  bal¬ 
anced  ration  which  I  would  suggest  for 
you  to  try: 

Digestible 

Dry  Pro-  Carbs. 

Feeding  Stuff.  Matter,  tein.  and  Fat. 
8  lbs.  corn  stover....  4.8  .136  2.72 

10  lbs.  Timothy  hay..  8.7  .28  4.65 

5  lbs.  clover  hpv....  4.25  .34  1.98 

2  lbs.  dried  brev/ers’ 

grains  .  1.84  .314  .956 

3  lbs.  cottonseed  meal  2.76  1.116  1.332 

5  lbs.  corn  and  oats  _ 

(ground)  .  4.45  .435  2.645 

26^8  2.621  14.283 

Nutritive  ration  1  :5.4. 

This  ration  is  intended  for  1,000 

pound  cows  giving  25  to  30  pounds  of 
milk  per  day.  To  prepare  for  feeding 
you  should  soak  the  beer  grains  about 
12  hours  before  feeding,  and  then  mix 
the  other  grain  in  at  feeding  time.  Be 
very  careful  to  have  the  grain  well  mixed 
so  that  each  cow  gets  her  proper  por¬ 
tions.  The  mangers  should  always  be 
cleaned  out  thoroughly  before  feeding,  as 
they  are  liable  to  get  sour  and  present 
a  bad  odor  if  allowed  to  remain  dirty. 

C.  S.  G. 

Distillers’  or  Brewers’  Grain. 

I  requested  quotations  on  dried  distill¬ 
ers’  grains,  but  received  same  on  brewers’ 
dried  grains.  If  not  the  same,  which  is 
the  better,  and  is  a  slop  so  made  good  for 
milch  cows?  Is  this  feed  desirable  with 
dried  beet  pulp,  and  how  long  should  this 
be  put  to  soak  before  feeding?  a.  m.  r. 

Bowling  Green,  Ky. 

Dried  brewers’  grains  have  a  nutritive 
ratio  of  1:3,  while  a  good  quality  of 
dried  corn  distillery  grains,  like  Ajax 
flakes  or  Biles  XXXX,  has  a  nutritive 
ratio  of  about  1:2.2  so  you  see  the  dis¬ 
tillery  grains  contain  considerably  more 
protein  in  proportion  to  the  carbohy¬ 
drates  and  fat  than  is  found  in  the  dried 
brewery  grains,  therefore  the  distillery 
grains  are  worth  more  and  usually  cost 
more.  Dealers  often  try  to  sell  brewers’ 
grains  in  place  of  distillers’  grains  so 
they  can  make  a  larger  profit.  In  select¬ 
ing  the  best  feed  to  use  of  course  the 
cost  must  he  taken  into  consideration  as 
well  as  the  chemical  analysis.  In  buying 
any  feed  of  this  kind  it  is  very  important 
to  ask  for  a  copy  of  the  chemical  analysis 
of  it,  showing  the  percentage  of  digestible 
protein,  carbohydrates  and  fat  which  it 
contains,  and  if  this  request  is  not  com¬ 
plied  with  it  is  good  cause  for  suspicion 
that  the  feed  is  not  sold  on  its  merits. 
Be  sure  to  have  that  word  digestible  in 
your  request,  as  it  is  more  important  to 
know  what  percentage  of  the  nutriments 
of  a  certain  feed  your  cows  can  digest 
and  convert  into  milk  and  flesh  than  it 
is  to  to  know  the  total  amount  of  nutri¬ 
ment  which  may  be  more  or  less  diges¬ 
tible.  I  can  see  no  reason  why  you  can¬ 
not  feed  a  mixture  of  dried  brewers  or 
distillers’  grains  and  dried  beet  pulp  to 
good  advantage,  but  the  ration  could  be 
improved  by  the  addition  of  one  or  two 
pounds  of  cotton-seed  meal  unless  your 
roughage  is  composed  partly  of  protein 
feeds  like  clover  or  Alfalfa,  in  which 
case  the  cotton-seed  would  not  be  re¬ 
quired.  The  beet  pulp  should  always  be 
soaked  several  hours  before  feeding. 
Dried  brewers’  grains  should  also  be 
soaked  in  the  same  way,  but  neither 
should  be  fed  in  a  sloppy  condition.  It 
is  not  necessary  to  soak  the  distillery 
grains,  since  as  good  results  can  be  se¬ 
cured  by  simply  mixing  them  with  the 
feed  that  has  been  previously  soaked  just 
before  feeding.  c.  s.  G. 


Old  Grouchy:  “And  you  say  there 
is  no  hope  for  me  doctor?”  Dr.  Blunt: 
“None  whatever.  You’ll  be  dead  in  two 
weeks.”  Old  Grouchly:  “Can’t  you 
make  it  one  week  instead  of  two,  doc¬ 
tor?”  Dr.  Blunt:  “Why?”  Old 

•  Grouchly :  “Because  the  premium  on 
my  life  insurance  will  he  due  in  10 
days.” — Credit  Lost. 


For  all  crops 
and  all  time 

BOWKER’S  FERTILIZERS 


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big  field  results,  and  the  latter  because  their  national 
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a  complete  balanced  ration  does.  Try  it.  You’ll  see  the  actual  differ¬ 
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A 


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I 


1911. 

RESTORATION  OF  LAND. 

IF.  B.  R.,  Lincoln ,  N.  J. — My  farm  has 
been  used  the  last  seven  years  for  corn  and 
rye,  and  as  far  as  I  am  able  to  learn  no 
fertilizer.  Soil  is  somewhat  sandy, 
red  shale  bottom  and  does  not  leach 
out.  I  propose  to  seed  10  acres  to  rye  in 
May,  plow  it  down  for  wheat,  top-dress 
with  nitrate  of  soda,  100  pounds  to  acre 
this  Fall  early;  next  Spring  100  pounds 
more  nitrate  of  soda  to  acre ;  wheat  this 
Spring  100  pounds  nitrate  of  soda,  also 
practically  the  same  on  all  crops.  I  figure 
I  could  bring  up  the  ground  this  way 
cheaper  than  buying  manure.  Grass  is  very 
poor,  no  clover  has  been  sown,  but  see 
some  growing  around.  What  would  you 
do  for  hay?  What  do  you  think  of  this 
plan?  This  farm  has  no  pasture,  although 
it  contains  100  acres,  so  I  have  to  raise 
feed  for  Summer  also.  I  propose  putting  in 
four  or  five  acres  of  millet  for  Winter  hay 
for  cattle,  but  I  am  told  it  is  not  good  for 
horses. 

Ans. — There  are  two  faults  with  your 
plan  as  outlined.  One  is  sowing  rye  for 
a  Spring  crop  to  be  plowed  under.  The 
other  is  using  nitrate  of  soda  alone  as  a 
fertilizer.  It  would  be  better  to  sow 
Canada  field  peas  alone  or  with  oats  in 
place  of  the  rye.  This  would  give  you 
hay  if  you  cared  to  cut  and  cure  the 
crop  or,  if  you  plowed  it  under,  it 
would  be  more  useful  than  rye.  The 
peas  will  give  you  greater  bulk  to  plow 
uncfer  and  are  superior  to  the  rye,  as 
they  will  take  nitrogen  from  the  air. 
For  a  soiling  crop  the  oats  and  peas 
and  fodder  corn  will  do  well.  Nitrate 
of  soda  is  excellent  to  supply  nitrogen, 
but  it  contains  no  potash  or  phosphoric 
acid,  both  of  which  will  be  needed  on 
such  a  soil  and  farm.  If  you  use  the 
nitrate  alone  you  will  get  a  rank,  spind¬ 
ling  growth  at  first,  which  will  not 
mature.  Mix  one  part  nitrate,  one  part 
muriate  of  potash  and  two  parts  acid 
phosphate,  and  you  will  have  a  good 
combination  for  all  your  crops.  These 
chemicals  are  all  “immediately  avail¬ 
able.”  Millet  makes  good  green  feed 
and  the  hay  is  good  for  cattle — but  not 
for  horses. 


Fumigating  for  Mosquitoes. 

O.  A.  C.,  Madison,  N.  J. — About  two 
years  ago  I  saw  in  your  paper  directions 
for  fumigating  a  cellar  in  Winter  to  rid 
It  of  mosquitoes.  We  had  many  of  them 
In  the  Fall,  especially  in  the  cellar.  I  wish 
to  act  upon  your  suggestion.  Will  you  send 
me  instructions?  Will  the  chemical  used 
do  any  harm  to  the  carpets  on  the  floors 
above  if  any  of  the  smoke  should  go  through 
the  ceiling  of  the  cellar? 

Ans. — The  adult  mosquitoes  live 
through  the  Winter  in  holes,  barns,  cel¬ 
lars,  or  small  places  where  they  are 
sheltered.  In  the  Spring  they  come  out 
hunting  for  stagnant  water  and  lay  their 
eggs.  Fumigation  during  the  Winter 
will  generally  get  them.  Jimson  weed 
(Datura  stramonium)  is  used.  Eight 
ounces  of  the  powdered  weed  burned  in 
a  close,  warm  room  will  fumigate  1,000 
cubic  feet.  Another  material  is  made  by 
using  equal  parts  by  weight  of  carbolic 
acid  crystal  and  gum  camphor.  Take 
one  pound  of  carbolic  acid  crystals  in 
a  bottle  and  liquefy  by  placing  the  bottle 
in  hot  water.  Take  a  pound  of  gum 
camphor,  break  into  small  pieces  and 
put  in  a  one  quart  jar.  As  the  acid 
liquefies  pour  it  over  the  gum  camphor, 
when  it  has  all  dissolved  there  will  be 
one  quart  of  a  slightly  reddish  heavy 
liquid.  This  will  keep  indefinitely  if 
covered.  Three  ounces  of  this  evap¬ 
orated  by  burning  in  a  metal  pan  over 
an  alcohol  stove  will  kill  all  flies  and 
mosquitoes  and  other  insects  in  1,000 
cubic  feet  of  space.  It  will  not  hurt  the 
carpet,  or  fixtures. 


Alfalfa  with  Peas  and  Oats. — I  have 
noticed  several  inquiries  in  regard  to  sow¬ 
ing  Alfalfa  following  oats  and  peas  for 
hay ;  I  have  tried  this  plan  with  success. 
It  is  a  wise  method  to  sow  about  one 
pound  of  inoculated  Alfalfa  seed  per  acre 
with  the  oats  in  the  Spring.  After  taking 
the  oats  and  peas  off  for  hay  disk  the 
ground  thoroughly  or  plow  very  shallow, 
(plow  deep  in  Spring),  and  sow  Alfalfa 
seed  latter  part  of  July  or  early  in  August. 
If  upon  examination  the  Alfalfa  sown  in 
the  Spring  is  found  well  supplied  with 
nodules,  you  know  that  your  soil  is  inocu¬ 
lated  and  the  development  of  the  nodules 
is  usually  evidence  that  Alfalfa  will  suc¬ 
ceed  on  that  soil.  If  the  nodules  do  not 
develop  apply  more  lime  before  seeding  to 
Alfalfa  in  July  or  August.  b.  f. 

Hale,  Mich. 


--Ti-if;  rural 

LEGAL  MATTERS. 

Title  for  Tax  Sales. 

A  buys  a  tract  of  land  at  Suffolk  County. 
N.  Y.,  tax  sale  in  1902,  and  the  certificate 
reads  that  A  shall  be  entitled  to  a  con¬ 
veyance  of  the  said  land  from  the  county 
treasurer  of  Suffolk  County  in  two  years 
if  not  sooner  redeemed.  It  is  nine,  years 
now.  Can  B’s  heirs  have  the  certificate  can¬ 
celled  now  and  can  B  sue  A  for  cutting 
wood  on  said  land  after  three  years  after 
he  bought  it  at  tax  sale?  u.  r. 

A  tax  title  gives  only  such  rights  as 
the  State  possessed.  If  in  any  of  the 
preliminary  steps  the  State,  by  its  offi¬ 
cers,  failed  to  comply  with  the  law,  the 
deed  can  be  set  aside.  If  the  tax  title 
is  good  it  will  convey  the  same  rights 
that  any  good  deed  would  convey.  You 
do  not  give  sufficient  data  whereby  this 
can  be  determined.  It  would  be  best  to 
consult  your  local  attorney  on  the  mat¬ 
ter. 

Damage  from  Runaway. 

In  a  village  a  team  of  horses  were  left 
in  front  of  a  house  while  the  owner  went 
to  the  door.  They  started  and  ran  for 
quite  a  distance.  Would  the  owner  be  re¬ 
sponsible  for  damages  to  anything  they  ran 
into?  a.  r.  t. 

Connecticut. 

A  person  who  by  his  own  negligence 
causes  a  loss  to  another  who  has  been 
free  from  negligence, '  must  pay  for  the 
damage.  The  question  in  this  case 
would  be:  Was  the  owner  negligent  in 
leaving  the  team  unhitched?  Here  the 
character  of  the  horses,  the  condition  of 
the  street,  the  time  he  left  them  and 
other  matters  would  mitigate  damages. 
Then,  too,  the  character  of  the  thing 
into  which  the  team  ran  would  affect 
the  matter.  Was  there  contributory 
negligence  on  the  part  of  the  owner  of 
this  thing  run  into?  You  have  opened 
up  a  question  which  cannot  be  answered 
by  yes  or  no  but  must  be  carefully  and 
fairly  considered  in  the  light  of  all  the 
facts. 

Violation  of  Agreement. 

I  have  an  equal  share  with  a  second 
party  in  20  acres  of  farm  land  In  Wash¬ 
ington,  U.  S.  A.,  and  during  last  November 
the  second  party  arranged  to  buy  my  share, 
everything  was  satisfactorily  agreed  for  the 
second  party  to  make  out  a  cheque  for  the 
amount  required.  Yet  after  a  lapse  of  six 
or  seven  weeks  the  second  party  called  off 
the  agreement.  During  the  period  of  the 
above  negotiations  I  turned  down  another 
offer  elsewhere  on  the  strength  of  the  sec¬ 
ond  party’s  agreement.  I  also  bought  an¬ 
other  piece  of  land  on  the  strength  of  the 
above  agreement,  expecting  to  pay  for  it 
out  of  the  sale  of  my  share  in  the  20-acre 
patch.  The  agreement  referred  to  was 
made  to  me  in  writing  by  the  second  party. 
Can  I  hold  the  second  party  up  to  his 
agreement?  If  not,  can  I  sue  for  breach 
of  contract?  Can  I  sell  to  a  third  party 
without  the  second  party’s  consent,  pro¬ 
vided  the  third  party  is  reliable?  H.  w. 

Vancouver,  B.  C. 

A  verbal  contract  for  the  sale  of 
land  is  void.  If  your  contract  was  in 
writing,  duly  signed,  you  could  com¬ 
mence  suit  for  enforcement  of  the  same. 
Your  best  remedy  would  be  to  secure  a 
release  and  sell  the  land  to  some  other 
person. 


1M  LLW  -  YORKER 


CAROLINA 
COAST 


AN  IDEAL  FARM 
AND  HOME  IN 
THE  SOUTH 

Thousands  of  Acres— Rich, 
Black  Soil;  Virgin  Farm  Lands 
fronting  on  the  ocean. 

PA  II  IITDV  In  the  world’s  finest  dim- 

lUUn  I  ni 

Write  us  for  Free  Illustrated  Booklet,  Maps,  etc. 
Address  W.  W.  CROXTON,  G.P.A.,  Norfolk 
Southern  R.  R.,  Dept.  D,  Norfolk,  Va. 


KNOW  Your  Weights — Don’t  Guess 

Tlie  successful  fanner  of  to-day  KNOWS  the  exact 
weight  of  the  supplies  he  purchases;  he  KNOWStoa 
certainty  how  much  the  products  weigh  that  lie  sells. 

Accurate  weights  are  a  big.  vital  feature  in  prolit- 
able  farming.  Public  scales  areexpensive,  unreliable 
and  often  situated  at  a  distance.but  every  farmer  can 
be  sure  of  perfect  accuracy  if  he  owns  an 

OSGOOD 

PITLESS  SCALE 

These  Scales  are  absolutely  reliable — warranted  so. 
Every  farmer  can  now  afford  one. 

Send  for  catalogue. 


STEEL 

FRAME 


OSGOOD  SCALE  CO., 

Box  157 ,  Binghamton, IT.Y. 


M 


e  ■ isw®  f  K;l 

*®im  tefe®  JT§npm,9/ 

“IBUYING  A  HORSE  AND  - 

SMITH  NEEDED  A  HORSE.  HE  KNEW  LITTLE 
ABOUT  HORSES.  SO  BOUGHT  ONE  OF  A  "GYP” 
FOR  $75.00.  HIS  "CHEAP”  HORSE  WENT 
TO  THE  BAD,  COST  HIM  BIG  DOCTOR 
BILLS  AND  GAVE  NO  SERVICE.  OF 
COURSE  SMITH  WAS  SORE.  HE 
SOLD  HIS  "BARGAIN”  HOUSE  - 
AT  A  LOSS,  WENT  TO  A 
REPUTABLE  DEALER. 

PAID  $200.00  FOR  A 
GOOD  HORSE  AND 
GOT  SATIS. 

FACTION. 


5*33? 


m 


"V 


BUYING 
AN  ENGINE: 

You  need  an  engine, 
and  the  probabilities  are 
that  you  know  very  little  more 
about  an  engine  than  Smith  knew 
about  a  horse.  If  you  are  wise,  you 
will  not  make  the  same  mistake  that  Smith 
did,  but  will  go  to  the  reputable  manufacturer 
r^‘  Pay  a  fair  price  for  your  engine,  and  get  one 
...  ,that  ",11  w°rk.  We  have  been  making  engines  for 
h«™tnV'flVe  years-  We  have  engines  in  use  to-day  that 
J"c  hpen  in  tunning  continuously  for  thirty  years.  We  can 
satisfy  you  and  save  you  money  in  the  end.  Our  catalogue 
tells  you  the  rest  of  the  story.  Do  not  buy  a  oh  eap  horse. 

THE  OTTO  GAS  ENGINE  WORKS 
3304  Walnut  Street, 

Phila.  Pa. 


f ""!7\ 

wtratck 


/turn 


M' 


Have  you  read 

John  £--e 
Jane 

In  the  San  Joaquin 
Valley,  California? 

A  new  story  by  Eleanor  Gates.  It 
is  an  interesting  account  of  how  a 
young  couple  made  their  way  to  a 
competency  and  the  ownership  of  an 
irrigated  farm  in  the  San  Joaquin 
Valley. 

The  author  of  “Cupid  the  Cow- 
punch”  and  the  owner  of  “Los 
Ranchos  de  la  Rosas”  knows  Cal¬ 
ifornia.  Her  story  pictures  actual 
conditions  as  they  exist  in  this  won¬ 
derful  valley. 

The“land  hungry, ’’whether  strug¬ 
gling  in  town  or  trying  to  pay  rent, 
should  read  of  the  success  of  John  and 
Jane  in  the  San  Joaquin. 

For  a  copy,  free,  drop  a  postal  to 
C.  L.  Seagraves, 

General  Colonization  Agent,  Santa  Fc» 
1921  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago 


My  1911  Proposition 
On  Gates  is  a  Hummer 


A 


It’s  the  biggest  offer  on  tho 

freatest  gate  ever  made  and 

_  want  you  to  investigate  it. 

I 'm  going  to  save  farmers  through- 
out  the  country  Hundreds  of  TUou- 
mr  sands  of  Dollars  in  Gate  Money  this 
year— I  can  save  you  from  (50  to 
$250 — according  to  the  number  of 
Gates  you  have. 

Before  you  buy  any  sate  at 
I  any  price  or  repair  your  old  ones, 
1  want  you  to  get  my  surprising 
[  proposition  on 

IOWA  GATES 

Study  the  figures  I’ll  send  you  and  see  how 
you  can  save  30%  in  buying  Iowa  GateB.  They 
are  built  of  better  grade  material  throughout 
—they  outlive  from  6  to  12  Board  Gates  and  are 
superior,  in  design  and  construction,  to  any 
other  metal  gates  on  the  market.  Let  me 
show  you  how  to  save  $10.00  on  every  gate. 

After  we  figure  the  cost  I’ll  send  your  gates 
on  60  Days'  Free  Trial  and  if  you  are  not  ab¬ 
solutely  satisfied  you  can  return  them  without 
any  expense  to  you. 

I’ve  gotten  up  some  “No  Hunting”  signs 

and  will  send  you,  free,  enough  to  post  your 
farm.  Better  write  at  once,  as  my  supply  of 
signs  is  limited. 

Let  mehearfrom  you  right  away  regarding 
my  big  gate  offer— address  letter  or  postal  to 

IOS.  B.  CLAY,  Mgr., 


Iowa  Gala  Co.,  45th  St  Cadar  Falls,  la. 


in 

The  Weather  Breaks 
Down  More  Wagons  Than  Weight  Does 

Rain  soaks  in  around  the  spokes:  it  freezes 
and  expands  with  a  force  iron  can’t  bold.  Water- 
soaked  joints  rot:  cracks  widen  and  deepen. 
Good  paint,  made  of 

“Dutch  Boy  Painter” 
White  Lead 

andpure  linseed  oil,  makes  wagonsweather-proof. 

It  gets  into  every  pore  and  seam,  it  sticks 
and  wears  as  no  other  paint  does. 

Keep  your  wagons  painted  with  pure  white 
lead  and  cut  out  repair  bills  and  cost  of  new 
wagons. 

You  will  find  all  painting  questions  answered 
in  our  ’  Helps  No.  QOS’  which  we  will  gladly 
send  upon  request. 

NATIONAL  LEAD  COMPANY 

New  York  Cleveland  Chicago 
St.  Louis  Boston  Buffalo 
Cincinnati  San  Francisco 
John  T.  Lewis  «t  Bros.  Co. 

Philadelphia 

National  Lead  and  Oil  Co. 

Pittsburgh 


Who  Told  You, 

P  Who  said  you  can’t  in. 
•  crease  your  milk  and 
butter  profits  ?  Do  you  want  to  try  the 
Champion  Milk  Cooler  free  for  30  days 
and  prove  by  actual  test  that  you  can  ? 

Thousands  have  tried— thousands  have 
proved  —  get  in  line.  Keep 
your  milk  sweet  for  a  long 
time  —  improve  your  butter 
flavor— get  bigger  profits.  The 
Champion  is  simplicity  itself — 
cleaned  in  a  jiffy — lasts  for 
years.  Get  all  the  facts  in  free 
booklet— write  now.  Insist  on 
the  genuine  Champion.  Hurry  ^ 
up — send  a  postal. 

CHAMPION  MILK  COOLER  CO. 

Him  STREET.  CORTLAND.  N.  Y. 


Horse  Owners s  Ten  Cents 

will  prove  that  you  can  save  dollars  in] 
time,  trouble,  labor  auil  expense  by  i 
using  the  Automatic  "  Clean  ”  Curryf. 

Comb,.  Durable,  effective,  easy  on  the- 
horse,  and  always  clean.  Send  10c  to  payN 

actual  postage,  state  number  of  horses! _ _ _ 

you  own,  and  we’ll  send  Comb  postpaid.  Wt.  10  ox.  Price  35c. 
After  3  days’ trial,  send  25c  or  return  Combat  our  expense. 
Clean  Comb  Co.  76  5th  Street,  Racine,  Wisconsin 


LOW  PRICES  h°undSomo  FENCE 

100  other  styles.  Many  cheaper  than  wood— all  better.  For  Lawn*. 

Write  for  PaUera  and  special  offer! 

THE  WARD  FENCE  CO..  Bex  845  Decatur,  hid. 


TN  MEMORY  OF  THE  DEAD 


imp 


[Remember  the  sacred  duty  you  owe  the  dead  | 
REPUBLIC  CEMETERY  FENCES  AND  GATES 

Will  protect  and  beautify  the  resting  place  oi  your  departed  loved 
ones.  They  are  inexpensive  and  almost  everlasting.  Mado  of  largo 
heavily  galvanised  rustproof  wires.  Exclusive,  attractive  designs. 

Special  prices  to  churches  and  cemeteries. 

A  Postal  Will  Bring  OurCatalog. 

Republic  Fence  4  Gate  Co.,  211  Republic  Si.,  N.  Chicago,  III. 


378 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  11, 


HANDY  POULTRY  HOUSE. 

PAItT  II. 

Fig.  123  shows  the  wall  for  east  end. 
The  bottom  plate  is  at  right  angles  with 
the  boards.  The  top  plate  slopes  one 
inch  in  five,  or  one  foot  in  five  feet, 
since  the  roof  slopes  one  foot  from  front 
to  rear.  Three  boards  (in  case  1x5J4- 
inch  boards  are  used)  may  be  kept  out 
for  a  door  in  the  east  end.  West  end 
is  made  in  similar  way,  reversed  with¬ 
out  door.  When  the  five  sections  have 
all  been  made,  level  up  the  floor,  set  the 
front  section  on,  house  to  face  the  south, 


letting  the  bottom  plate  rest  on  the  floor, 
and  the  extended  boards  (forming  the 
flange)  extend  down  at  end  of  floor 
boards,  as  shown  in  Fig.  123.  Plumb 
and  brace  the  wall.  Now  set  on  the 
rear  wall,  plumb  and  brace.  Then  set 
in  the  end  sections,  which  should  just 
fit,  and  nail  lightly  to  front  and  rear 
walls,  so  as  to  hold  firmly.  Now,  the 
walls  are  all  up,  put  on  the  roof.  Take 
a  lx3x9-foot  and  nail  (don’t  drive  nails 
clear  up)  it  on  rear  wall,  flush  with  top 
of  wall  boards  and  plate;  then  same  in 
front  and  across  ends.  Use  No.  10  nails, 
1x3  all  around  top  of  walls  flush  with 
the  top.  Now  take  the  matched  1x5^4 
and  cut  into  lengths  (use  boards  clear  of 
knots  and  cracks),  5  feet  by  6^  inches 
long.  Begin  at  east  end,  let  edge  of 
board  extend  over  one  inch  and  nail 
securely  to  the  1x3  inch  front  and  rear 
at  east  end,  then  nail  the  others,  after 
driving  up  close,  to  the  1x3  inch  front 
and  rear,  using  No.  6  nails  just  like 
laying  a  floor.  After  all  have  been  nailed 
on,  the  nails  holding  the  1x3  can  be 
drawn  and  the  whole  roof  can  be  lifted 
off  like  the  lid  of  a  bandbox. 

Now  go  inside  and  make  the  section 
for  the  nest  boxes.  Take  two  1  x 
(same  as  used  for  rest  of  house)  and 
cut  long  enough  to  extend  across  the 
number  of  doors  you  have  cut  out  in 
the  rear  wall.  Lay  them  down  length¬ 
wise  and  separate  6  inches,  nail  1x3 
cleats  17  inches  long  across  them  at  dis¬ 
tances  apart  equal  to  width  of  nests. 
Now  cut  some  (as  many  as  needed) 


THE  HOUSE  COMPLETED.  Fig.  124. 


1  x  5l/2  into  lengths  20  inches  (being 
depth  of  nest  boxes)  and  nail  the  ends 
on  to  the  cleats.  These  make  partitions 
between  the  nests..  None  need  to  be  used 
at  ends,  as  the  east  and  west  walls  of 
the  house  serve  the  purpose  at  ends, 
inis  section  should  slip  right  into  posi¬ 
tion  and  fit  the  doors  cut  out  in  rear 
wall.  Now  for  the  droppings  board. 
This  sets  down  on  top  of  the  nest 
boxes.  I  advise  that  only  four  nest 
boxes  be  made  in  this  house.  Thus 
built,  it  leaves  the  west  end  of  the  house 


for  a  scratch  pen  about  4x5  feet,  large 
enough  for  15  hens.  If  built  so,  put  a 
partition  half  way  across  the  house, 
forming  west  wall  to  the  nest  boxes  and 
the  droppings  board  and  roosting  place. 
Section  for  the  nest  boxes  and  the  drop¬ 
pings  board  must  fit  in  between  this 
partition  and  the  east  end  of  house  or 
wall.  Cut  1  x  5l/2  into  28-inch  lengths 
and  nail  on  to  two  lx2’s  of  a  length  to 
cover  the  four  nest  boxes,  driving  up 
close,  same  as  laying  floor.  This  little 
floor  fits  right  down  on  top  of  nest  boxes 
and  covers  them.  At  first  I  let  droppings 
board  slope,  but  now  I  make  it  level,  as 
it  is  just  as  good  and  easier  to  make  it 
so.  Put  on  two  perches,  2x2,  about 
nine  inches  apart,  nail  some  wire  mesh 
over  the  front  window.  Make  and  hinge 
the  door  and  your  house  is  complete. 

W.  H.  TOMLINSON. 


EARLY  HATCHED  LEGHORN  PULLETS. 

A  Year’s  Work. 

Some  time  since  Mr.  Cosgrove  in 
answering,  through  The  R.  N.-Y.,  some 
questions  in  regard  to  early  pullets,  gave 
the  impression  that  the  Leghorns,  if 
hatched  early,  were  quite  sure  to  lay  a 
few  small  eggs  in  early  Fall,  then  molt, 
and  lay  no  more  eggs  until  toward 
Spring.  Such  a  statement,  coming  from 
a  poultryman  of  large  experience,  is 
rather  discouraging  for  the  novice  who 
contemplates  raising  a  flock  of  early 
Leghorns  to  help  in  keeping  the  domes¬ 
tic  wheels  oiled  during  Fall  and  Winter, 
when  eggs  are  high.  For  the  comfort  of 
such  I  submit  the  following  report  of  my 
flock  of  87  White  Leghorn  pullets, 
hatched  April  14,  1909.  I  wish  I  could 
say  that  their  excellent  work  was  owing 
to  my  careful  system  of  trap-nesting 
and  breeding;  to  some  doubled-and- 
twisted  secrets  in  selection  or  handling 
in  “units,”  or  to  the  feeding  of  some 
wonderful  newly  discovered  feed  costing 
only  10  cents  a  bushel,  any  one  of  which 
millionaire-making  secrets  might  be  had 
for  75  cents.  But  no ;  these  pullets  were 
just  plain,  unselected  pullets  of  the 
Wyckoff  strain,  fed  on  lines  indicated  by 
the  New  York  Experiment  Station. 
They  never  saw  sprouted  oats  or  green 
bone.  The  report  covers  period  from 
October  1,  1909,  to  October  1,  1910. 


Month 

Eggs  laid 

Daily  aver 

October  .... 

883 

28+ 

November  .. 

,  .  .  .  987 

33 — 

December  .  . 

973 

31  + 

January  . .  . 

...  1,103 

February  . . 

...  1,347 

48+ 

March  . 

...  1 .897 

61+ 

April  . 

...  1 .984 

66+ 

May  . 

...  1 ,880 

60+ 

.Tune  . 

.  .  .  1.584 

53— 

July . 

48+ 

August  . 

...  1,435 

46+ 

September  .. 

.  .  .  1,094 

36+ 

1(5,672 

The  pullets  were  fed  grain  only  from 
eight  weeks  old  until  time  of  placing  in 
Winter  quarters.  They  were  divided 
into  four  flocks  as  nearly  equal  as  pos¬ 
sible,  and  placed  in  warm  pens  with  cur¬ 
tain  fronts  about  October  1.  From  that 
time  until  June  1  they  were  confined. 
Then  they  had  free  range  or  nearly  so. 
They  were  not  troubled  with  lice  or 
disease,  the  only  trouble  being  eversion 
of  the  oviduct,  of  which  there  were  five 
or  six  cases.  Any  other  losses  were  ac¬ 
cidental.  I  ended  the  year  with  80  hens, 
which,  considering  the  time  losses  oc¬ 
curred,  gives  an  average  of  83  hens  for 
the  year.  This  gives  an  average  of 
nearly  201  eggs  per  hen  in  the  year. 

This  year  1  have  about  100  April  pul¬ 
lets  doing  as  well.  Still  I  do  not  ex¬ 
pect  to  duplicate  this  record.  I  would 
not  care  to  submit  this  except  in  defense 
of  the  early  Leghorns.  I  believe  it  is 
not  an  uncommon  record.  The  men 
who  really  produce  good  records  are  too 
busy  to  blow  their  horns.  A  study  of 
this  record  is  of  interest  as  showing  the 
influence  of  good  Fall  and  Winter  pro¬ 
duction  on  subsequent  Spring  and  Sum¬ 
mer  laying.  The  behavior  of  these  hens 
after  October  1,  1910,  may  not  be  unin¬ 
teresting  also.  During  September  and 
October  they  were  losing  feathers 
rapidly.  During  October  the  egg  pro¬ 
duction  tapered  to  zero.  They  were  then 
a  disreputable  looking  lot  of  hags.  De¬ 
cember  29  the  first  egg  of  a  new  term 
was  laid.  They  now  are  all  in  clean 
dress  and  laying  about  24  per  day  (Feb¬ 
ruary  14).  They  are  now  in  colony 
pens  on  free  range  as  weather  permits, 
getting  ready  to  supply  me  with  another 
flock  of  early  Leghorn  pullets.  My  early- 
hatched  pullets  do  show  considerable 
moulting  in  Winter,  but  not  to  stop 
profitable  egg  production. 

Crawford  Co.,  Pa.  don  e.  smith. 


DOES  NEW  ENGLAND  FARMING  PAY? 

It  certainly  does,  and  pays  well.  By  using  proper  thought  and  care, 
and  the  right  kind  of  fertilizer,  profitable  crops  are  practically  assured. 

This  is  a  typical  letter,  out  of  many,  regarding 

NEW  ENGLAND  ANIMAL  FERTILIZERS 

“  I  raised  sweet  corn  on  13  acres  during  this  last  season,  and  received  $1,200 
from  this  acreage.  This  was  raised  on  your  fertilizers,  which  in  my  exper¬ 
ience  I  have  always  found  reliable  and  profitable. 

“  While  others  may  talk  of  receiving  a  prize  at  some  fair  for  the  best  ear  or 
several  ears  of  corn,  I  believe  that  the  best  prize  that  any  farmer  can  obtain 
is  an  excellent  crop,  which  can  be  turned  into  money  as  in  my  case.  Such 
results  are  not  confined  to  the  favored  few,  but  any  man  who  uses  fertilizers 
like  the  New  England  and  will  put  thought  and  care  into  his  work  will  be 
well  paid  for  his  efforts.- 

“  I  most  strongly  recommend  the  use  of  New  England  Animal  Fertilizers.” 

Yours  truly,  II.  A.  QUINT,  Conway,  N.  H. 

New  England  Animal  Fertilizers  are  especially  made  for  New  England 
soils,  from  Packing  and  Rendering  House  materials.  If  you  are  in  doubt 
just  what  your  soil  needs,  write  us  fully.  We  have  probably  solved 
your  particular  problems  many  times.  We  will  do  our  best  to  set  you 
right.  Our  free  Crop  Booklet  will  assist  you  also.  Write  for  it  today. 

NEW  ENGLAND  FERTILIZER  CO.,  Boston,  Mass. 


A  TREATISE 


on  the 

Horse— 


MINERA 


fc-mCAVSE. 

isRM 


We  offer  you  free 
this  book  that  tells  you 
all  about  horse  dis¬ 
eases  and  how  to  cure 
them.  Call  for  it  at 
(  your  local  druggist  or  write  us. 

KENDALL'S 
SPAVIN  CURE' 

1b  Invaluable.  It  cures  Spavin,  Curb,  Splint,' 
Ringbone  or  any  other  lameness,  quickly  and  I 
safely  at  small  expense.  Read  vhat  W.  T. 
Sadler,  Atlanta,  Ga.,  care  of  Allen’s  pharmacy, 
writes: 

"Your  Treatise  on  the  horee  rocelved  and  contains  many 
good  formulae  for  treating  stock.  I  hare  sold  many 
,  bottles  of  your  Spavin  Cure  and  hare  never  had 
complaint  from  a  customer.  ” 

And  Mr.  Wm.  Booth,  of  Gravette, 
Ark.,  writes; 

"Your  book  is  worth  $5.00  If  only  used  i 
as  an  aid  in  looating  lameness-  Shoulder 
lameness  1b  the  most  difficult  for  an 
Inexperienced  man  to  locate.  It  | 
is  easy,  however,  with  the  help 
of  your  book." 

Kendall’s  Spavin  I 
Cure  Is  sold  at  the  I 
uniform  price  of  I 
,•  81.00  a  bottle,  or  I 
I  C  bottles  for  65.00. 1 
KRvn*TT»H — If  you  cannot  get  I 
HSH  ^^Pit  or  our  free  book 

IsSOlSScB  write  us.l0Cal  drUggl8t’  I 

,  DR.  B.  I.  KENDALL  COMPANY 
1  Enosburg  Falls,  Vermont,  U.  S.  A, 


THICK,  SWOLLEN  GLANDS 

that  make  a  horse  Wheeze, 

Roar,  have  Thick  Wind,  or 
Choke-down,  can  be  re¬ 
moved  with 


J\ps  ORBrNE 


or  any  Bunch  or  Swelling,. 

No  blister,  no  liairl 
gone,  and  horse  kept  atj 
Work.  $2.00  per  bottle,  de-^ 
livorod.  Book  3  D  free. 

ABSOBBINE,  Jit.,  for 
mankind,  $1.00,  delivered.  Reduces  Goitre,  Tumors, 
Wens,  Varicose  Veins,  Ulcers,  Hydrocele,  Varico¬ 
cele.  Book  free.  Made  only  by 

W.  F.  YOUNG,  P.  D.  F.,  88  Temple  St.,  Springfield,  Mass. 


VETERINARY  INSTRUMENTS 

(Trocars,  Hopples,  Impregnators) 
for  Horses,  Cattle,  Swine,  Poultry, 
Etc.  Received  only  award  World’s 
Fairs  Chicago,  St.  Louis.  Write  for 
Illustrated  Catalogue  HAUSMANN  & 
DUNN  CO..  392  So.  Clark  St..  CHICAGO,  ILL. 


The  Ireland  Straight-Line  Drag 
Sawing  Machine 


•"THIS  sawing  rig  fills  a  long  felt 
1  want  for  sawing  large  timber. 

It  is  simple,  durable  and  the  most 
practical  straight-line  sawing  rig  on  the  market. 
We  also  make  circular  saw  rigs,  saw  and  shingle  mills. 
Get  our  prices  on  canvas  belting,  they  will  surprise  you. 

Write  for  full  information  and  prices. 
IRELAND  MACHINE  &  FOUNDRY  COMPANY. 
14  State  Street,  NORWICH,  NEW  YORK. 


,, 


HEAVE 
REMEDY 


NEGLECT 
Will  Ruin 
YourHorse' 

Send  today  for 
only 

PERMANENT 


'  SAFE 
CERTAIN' 


S3  PACKAGE  ^ 

will  cure  any  case  or 
money  refunded. 

$1  PACKAGE 

cures  ordinary  cases. 
Postpaid  on  receipt  of 
price.  Agents  Wanted. 

Write  for  descriptive  booklet. 


Mineral  Heave  Remedy  Co., 


Fourth  Avenue.  Pittsburg,  ft 


F arm  Help  If  Pays  Big 


The  only  help  you  can  rely  on 
today  is  mechanical  help.  Tho 
Farmers’  Favorite  Feed  Cooker 
and  Boiler  is  the  best  help  ever 
put  on  a  farm.  Cooks  stock  and 
jioultry  feed,  sterilizes  milk  cans, 
boils  sap,  cooks  scrapple,  renders 
lard  and  boils  spray  mixtures.  Send 
for  special  sale  list. 

LEWIS  SI  KG,  CO.,  liox  C,  Cortland,  Ji.Y 


A  $100  HORSE 

y  quickly  become  worthless  by  developing  a  I 
-b,  spavin,  splint  or  going  lame.  Don’t  sacri¬ 
fice  him.  Cure  him  with 


ma; 

curl 


Quinn’s  Ointment 

I  It  cures  permanently  and  absolutely  all  common  I 
horse  ailments.  The  unfailing  remedy  of  years 
1  which  has  the  confidence  of  horse  owners.  9 1 .  ■  I 
bottle.  All  druggists  or  by  mail.  Testimonials  free. 

W.  B.  Eddy  &  Co.  Whitehall.  N.  Y. 


For  Lame  Horses 


J  Remov^AlTpositivel^cure^prainsJ 
’Ringbone,  Curb,  Shoe  Bolls,  Capped 
Hocks, abnormal  growths  and  lameness. 

REMOV-ALL 

Sold  on  money-back  guarantee. 
Leaves  horses  sound  and  un- 
scared.  Lump  Jaw  is  cured  in 
less  than  three  weeks  with 

Adams  Rapid  Lump-Jaw  Core 

Easy  to  use.  Guaranteed.  Writa 
for  FREE  TREATISE  on  cur¬ 
ing  these  diseases. 

H.  C.  ADAMS  MFC.  CO. 

Dept.  50*  Algona,  Iowa 


CIDER  PRESSES 

The  Original  Mt.  Gilead  Hydraulic  Press 

produces  more  cider  from  loss 
apples  than  any  other  and  is  a 
BIG  MONEY  MAKER.  Sizes 
10  to  400  barrels  daily.  Also 
cider  evaporators,  apple- 
butter  cookers,  vinegar 
generators,  etc. 

CATALOGUE  FREE. 

THE  HYDRAULIC  PRESS  MFG,  CO. 

137  Lincoln  A ve„  Mt.  Gilead,  Ohio,  _ _ 

Or  Room  119  L  39  Cortlandt  Street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


CIDJER  and  WINE 


No  complicated  mechanism — 
big  capacities.  Requires  only 
2  to  4  h.  p.  to  operate  any  press. 

Also,  HAND  PRESSES, 

GRINDERS,  MILLS. 

Write  to-day  for  free  catalogue. 

THE  G.  J.  EMENY  CO.,  FULTON,  N. 


YOUNG  MEN  WANTED  to  learn 
VETERINARY  profession.  Catalogue 
free.  Grand  Rapids  Veterinary 
College,  Dep.15,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


1911. 


370 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE 

Conservative. — For  over  20  years  on 
every  business  day  a  human  sign  has  stood 
on  the  curb  edge  of  the  sidewalk  in  front 
of  a  New  York  umbrella,  hat  and  cane 
shop.  The  store  is  on  the  second  floor, 
and  this  man's  business  is  to  direct  possible 
customers  to  the  doorway  leading  to  it. 
Before  anchoring  to  this  job  he  was  in 
the  navy  and  made  a  trip  around  the  world. 
Some  might  think  it  irksome  to  stand  in 
one  place  so  long  and  do  practically  noth¬ 
ing  but  talk  to  any  passer-by  who  cares 
to  stop  for  a  moment,  but  he  does  not 
mind  the  monotony.  He  gets  $10  per  week 
and  has  the  benefit  of  all  the  fresh  air, 
driving  rains,  blizzards  and  broiling  sun¬ 
shine  that  are  going. 

Strawberries. — New  York  has  large 
supplies  from  Florida,  and  the  arrival  of 
about  350  crates  from  Tennessee  is  noted. 
The  latter  sold  at  22  to  25  cents  per 
quart.  In  the  early  history  of  Florida 
strawberry  culture  for  Northern  markets, 
little  attention  was  paid  to  quality,  the 
main  thing  being  to  have  berries  firm 
enough  to  stand  the  long  trip.  Quicker 
transportation  and  improved  methods  of 
handling  have  made  the  growing  of  better 
varieties  possible,  and  the  last  two  or  three 
years  have  brought  a  decided  improvement 
in  this  line.  One  of  the  fancy  varieties 
now  grown  for  this  trade  is  Nick  Ohmer, 
fine  specimens  of  which  have  been  seen 
this  year,  bringing  10  to  15  cents  per 
quart  above  such  sorts  as  Lady  Thompson 
and  Excelsior. 

Potatoes  Too  Large. — A  reader  who  has 
a  hundred  bushels,  running  above  1  % 
pound,  which  he  has  sorted  out  from  the 
remainder  of  his  crop,  asks  where  he  can 
dispose  of  them  to  advantage.  We  know 
of  no  outlet  for  this  overgrown  stock  other 
than  the  regular  channels  of  trade.  It  was 
a  mistake  to  sort  out  these  large  potatoes, 
as  they  would  have  gone  in  with  the  gen¬ 
eral  crop  with  but  little  discount.  Hotel 
men  can  use  a  fair  proportion  of  large  pota¬ 
toes  for  frying  and  mashing,  but  do  not 
want  overgrown  ones  for  boiling  or  baking, 
and  the  same  is  true  of  grocery  trade.  The 
potato  market  in  New  York  is  in  a  rather 
discouraging  condition.  Large  quantities 
have  sold  under  50  cents  per  bushel  whole¬ 
sale.  After  every  cold  snap  there  are  dam¬ 
aged  potatoes  on  the  market.  They  may 
be  but  slightly  chilled,  but  even  where  not 
damaged  enough  to  turn  black  or  soften, 
many  do  not  like  the  slightly  sweetish  taste 
caused  by  chilling,  so  grocers  and  hotel 
men  who  ordinarily  buy  enough  to  last  sev¬ 
eral  days  are  afi-aid  to  stock  up  with  any¬ 
thing  doubtful.  This  scanty  buying  gives 
but  slight  relief  to  a  glutted  market. 

Quoted  Prices. — “I  would  like  to  ask 
about  the  quotations  you  give  on  eggs, 
cheese,  butter,  etc.  Are  these  prices  whole¬ 
sale  or  retail?  In  the  March  4  issue,  page 
287,  eggs  are  quoted  23  to  25.  Eggs  are 
selling  here  for  28  to  30  cents  at  this 
writing  or  at  any  rate  for  the  past  week; 
that  has  been  the  price  for  strictly  fresh 
ones.”  L.  s. 

Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

The  prices  quoted  are  wholesale,  unless 
otherwise  stated.  Retail  prices  are  given 
from  time  to  time,  but  they  are  always 
labeled.  There  are  two  classes  of  quota¬ 
tions  that  may  properly  be  called  whole¬ 
sale,  viz. :  those  of  the  jabber  and  those  of 
the  first  hand  dealer.  Of  course,  the  latter 
are  more  desirable  when  they  may  be  had, 
but  there  are  cases  where  the  supply  is 
so  irregular  that  there  is  no  first  hand 
business  noted  at  the  time  the  quota¬ 
tions  are  made,  so  the  best  that  can  be 
done  is  to  take  a  jobbing  figure.  This  is 
higher  than  the  first  hand  price,  just  how 
much  higher  depends  on  the  conditions  of 
trade  and  how  anxious  the  jobber  is  to 
do  business.  Some  will  work  on  a  much 
smaller  profit  margin  than  others.  I  knew 
one  jobber  who  would  handle  eggs  at  a 
profit  of  only  10  cents  per  30-dozen  crate 
rather  than  not  do  business  at  all,  a  more 
commendable  practice  than  letting  cobwebs 
gather  on  the  stock  because  25  per  cent, 
profit  is  not  in  sight.  It  often  happens 
that  eggs  sell  higher  in  towns  near  the 
point  of  production  than  in  New  York.  A 
city  like  Schenectady,  with  large  factory 
interests  is  an  especially  good  market  for 
food  stuffs. 

In  a  future  issue  full  details  regarding 
market  quotations  will  be  given,  showing 
just  how  the  figures  are  obtained  and 
what  they  mean.  w.  w.  ir. 


TPI ED  RURAb  NEW-YORKKK 


eighties  of  the  last  century.  During  the 
new  development  of  the  great  West,  a 
very  flood  of  low-priced  food  stuff  was 
loaded  upon  the  Eastern  markets,  thereby 
bringing  ruin  to  many  and  distress  to  all 
Eastern  farmers,  causing  the  abandonment 
of  many  farms.  These  farms  have  now  a 
growth  of  bushes  and  briars,  which  have 
taken  the  place  of  green  pastures  and 
fruitful  fields.  Now  President  Taft  and 
his  supporters  in  this  measure,  propose  to 
repeat  this  same  state  of  affairs.  They 
should  go  out  into  the  back  towns  of  the 
Eastern  States  and  learn  a  lesson  of  states¬ 
manship.  It  is  not  altogether  the  finan¬ 
cial  loss  which  stares  us  in  the  face,  but 
the  indignity  which  is  placed  upon  us.  It 
is  humiliating  to  realize  how  weak  we  are, 
politically,  that  these  people  should  pre¬ 
sume  to  enact  such  unfair  legislation.  I 
think  we  may  feel  assured  that  if  this 
measure  becomes  a  law  it  will  be  the 
forerunner  of  a  very  sharp  reduction  in 
protective  duties.  We  have  been  strong 
supporters  of  a  high  tariff,  which  has 
helped  the  trades  and  great  corporations 
more  than  ourselves.  We  may  not  in  jus¬ 
tice  to  ourselves  give  high  tariff  or  those 
who  wish  it  our  support  in  the  future. 
What  we  need  is  a  getting  together ;  we 
shall  then  have  weight  in  political  affairs. 

Connecticut.  j.  s.  forbes. 


No  Law  on  Raccoon. 

My  boy  has  caught  a  young  raccoon, 
and  he  wants  to  tame  it  for  a  pet.  Will 
it  be  against  the  law  for  him  to  keep  it 
confined  with  a  collar  and  chain  until  tame 
enough  to  run  alone?  g.  b. 

Troy,  N.  Y. 

There  is  no  New  York  law  on  raccoons. 
You  can  safely  keep  this  one  as  you  sug¬ 
gest. 

Louse  Killer  for  Poultry. 

Would  you  give  me  a  recipe  for  making 
a  good  louse-killer  in  powder.  w.  a.  b. 

Lancaster,  Pa. 

You  will  find  it  in  ‘‘The  Business  Hen,” 
page  113.  Mix  three-quarters  pint  gaso¬ 
line  with  one-quarter  pint  crude  carbolic 
acid  and  stir  it  thoroughly  into  2  1-2  pounds 
plaster  of  paris.  Sift  it  through  a  fine  sieve 
and  when  dry  keep  tightly  bottled. 

Vertigo  in  Fowls. 

I  was  able,  to-day,  to  cure  a  hen  of  ver¬ 
tigo  from  the  advice  given  in  “The  Busi¬ 
ness  Hen.”  This  is  enough  for  me  to  show 
the  value  of  the  book.  g.  w.  w. 

Bayfield,  Wis. 

It.  N.-Y. — The  remedy  is  given  on  page 
80  of  “The  Business  Hen.”  Briefly  stated 
it  is  to  cool  the  fowl’s  head  with  ice  until 
it  is  quite  chilled,  and  then  give  one  dose 
of  either  30  grains  of  epsom  salts  or  1  Mi 
grains  of  calomel.  As  a  rule  it  hardly  pays 
to  doctor  a  single  hen  unless  it  is  very 
valuable. 

Preparing  Rough  Land. 

I  have  a  piece  of  land  well  grown  up 
with  weeds  and  briers.  Would  it  be  best 
to  use  disk  harrow  to  cut  up  and  plow 
under,  or  burn  off?  This  is  a  plot  I  have 
just  purchased,  and  I  wish  to  break  it  up 
to  make  ready  for  garden  purposes  the  fol¬ 
lowing  year.  d.  f.  s. 

Smithton,  Pa. 

We  should  turn  this  piece  over  in  day¬ 
time — then  chop  up  thoroughly  with  a  disk 
and  plow.  After  plowing  use  a  spring-tooth 
harrow,  if  possible.  This  will  tear  out  and 
rake  up  most  of  the  roots,  and  the  field 
can  be  fitted  fairly  well. 

Prices  at  Canning  Factory. 

On  page  97  request  is  made  for  canning 
factory  data.  A  canning  factory  here, 
private  owner,  has  for  miles  west  black 
loam  sand ;  north  and  east,  rolling  berry 
sand.  Berlin  Heights  district,  south,  roll¬ 
ing  clays  mixed.  Quotations,  not  official 
but  accurate,  are  as  follows.  Of  course 
scarce  crops  meant  higher  prices :  Best 
red  raspberries,  $3  to  $3.25 ;  black  rasp¬ 
berries,  $1.75  to  $2  a  bushel ;  blackberries, 
the  same;  strawberries,  $1.75  to  $1.90 
per  bushel ;  cherries,  six  and  seven  cents 
per  pound,  $2.50  to  $2.75  a  bushel ;  peas, 

1  %  to  two  cents  a  pound,  seed  donated 
(allowances  for  dirt,  hulls,  etc.)  ;  corn, 
$8  to  $9  per  ton ;  tomatoes,  25  cents  per 
60-pound  bushel ;  navy  beans,  $1.90  to  $2 
per  bushel ;  red  kidney,  $1.90  to  $2;  white 
kidney,  $2.65 ;  pumpkins,  $5 ;  pumpkin 
culls,  $2.50 ;  cabbage,  $5  per  ton.  Farm¬ 
ers  spw  early  peas  and  after  cutting 
bring  to  factory  to  be  thrashed  in  the 
vines ;  they  plow  for  late  potatoes. 

Norwalk,  Ohio.  j.  c. 


Perfect  Equipment  is  THE  Secret  of  Our  Success! 

With  the  experience  gained  in  operating  the  largest  Poultry  Plant  in  the  World,  our 
knowledge  of  the  several  makes  of  incubators  is  greater  than  the  manu¬ 
facturers’.  For  the  sake  of  economy  WE 
built  an  incubator  giving  results  never  secured 
by  any  other  make,  and  we  now  oiler  it  to  the 
mm w  si  public.  The 

INTERNATIONAL 

Sell-Humidifying 

INCUBATOR 

Is  responsible  for  our  great  success,  and  will  give  to  the  struggling  beginner 
all  of  the  profits  and  none  of  the  losses.  Absolutely  automatic  in  every 
function,  unvariable  temperature,  certain  moisture  from  the  mo¬ 
ment  of  starting  the  hatchjmtil  nature  requires  a  cessation  in  order 
to  properly  dry  the  newly-hatched  unit  of  future  profit— so  thor¬ 
oughly  safeguarding  its  entrance  into  poultrydom  as  to  guarantee 
its  livability  when  raised  under  the  very  acme  of  “Foster 
Mothers,”  the' 

INTERNATIONAL  HOVERS^ 

This  Hover  makes  possible  the  rearing  of  the  maximnm  of  chicks  and  the  minimum 
of  deaths90<(  to  95<  live  and  thrive  anil  grow.  It  is  the  only  device  that  co  ntains 
the  active  principle  of  the  hen,  and  the  ingenuity  of  man  can  go  no  further. 

Our  best  efforts  are  centered  in  the  production  of  Day-Old-Chicks  and  Hatching 
Eggs  from  matured  stock.  No  pullets’  eggs  are  used  except  for  table 
purposes. 

We  have  just  completed  our  1911  catalog  on  incubators  and  hovel's, 
also  our  stock  catalogue  on  Runt-ocas  Strain  BABY  CHICKS  and 
HATCHING  EGGS.  You  are  welcome  to  either  or  both  of  these 
catalogs.  Send  to-day. 

INTERNATIONAL  POULTRY  SALES  COMPANY 
Home  Office,  Box  285,  Brown’s  Mills-in-the- Pines,  N.  J. 

Branch,  12  Barclay  Street,  New  York  City 


C  ft.  OS  E-TO- NATURE 

BROODERS 

OPEN  AIR  HOVERS 

But  four  years  before  the  public  yet  used  in  42  states  and 
Canada.  Used  and  endorsed  by  such  successful  and  scientific 

poultrymen  as  Pease,  Warner,  Russell,  Baines,  Dr.  Mijf- 
hell.  Dr.  Kilbourne.  The  three  Life  Principles  of  Warmth  by  Conduction  Ventilation  hv 

Induction,  and  Non-Piling  Invention.  Big  roomy  brooders  for  orchard  and  field.  y 

OPEN  AIR  HOVERS,  nature’s  perfect  chick  life  savers.  The  only  sure  and  healthvwavto 
raise  chicks.  They  have  the  true  close  to  nature  principles.  y  aeaitny  way  to 

.  Incubators  have  the  steady  warmth  of  warm  water  and  a  ventilation  that 

bathes  the  eggs  in  pure  air  without  the  air  currents  that  dry  them  out.  3  ventuauon  tnat 

.  Get  close  to  nature  in  poultry  rais¬ 
ing  by  getting  Close-to-Nature  ma¬ 
chinery. 


Close-to-Nature  Co. 

63  Front  Street,  Colfa 


Iowa 


The  Big  White  Egg  Makers 

Rose  Comb  Black  Minorcas,  Indian  Runner  Ducks. 

The  Big  White  Birds 

Crystal  White  Orpingtons— Utilities,  Beauties. 
Year  round  layers.  Kggs  for  hatching.  Circular 
free.  F.  N.  ADAMS,  Route  1,  Orwell,  Ohio. 

FG  ISC-barred  Plymouth  ROCKS-Mam- 

moth  Bronze  Turkeys,  Pearl  Guineas  and 
Indian  Runner  Ducks.  Write  for  free  price  list. 
,  ..  ..  ... ........  . .  j  y. 


C,  ABELL  KAYNEII," 


W cst  Falls, 


A  Farmer  on  “Reciprocity.” 

I  wish  to  endorse  what  you  have  pub¬ 
lished  in  your  recent  issues  relative  to  the 
proposed  reciprocity  treaty  with  Canada. 
If  I  understand  the  position  taken  by  tbe 
farmers,  they  only  ask  for  a  square  deal 
in  this  or  any  other  measure  of  like  char- 
fteter.  If  we  are  to  have  free  trade  in 
m^terial:  let  It  be  free  trade  in  manu- 
ar.tlclas  also-  This  ^  what  we 
for  ln,  New  England.  The  trades 
are  elamormg  for  low-priced  food, 
yet  many  of  them  left  the  farm  because  it 
was  too  hard  work  to  get  a  living.  There 
P+Lnt  1  fai.i  to  see  y°u  bring  out: 
tbi”  ’  the  reP.etrtion  to  some  extent  of 
me  times  prevailing  in  the  seventies  and 


EGGS  FOR  SALF~Cho,ee  Buff  Wyandotte 
tuua  run  ohlc  6ggs,  75  eents  15  and 

$4.00  per  hundred.  CHAS.  I.  MILLER,  R.  F.  D. 
No.  1.  Hudson,  N.  Y. 

EGGS  FOR  HATCHING™ 

stock  guaranteed.  H.  A.  THATCHER,  Perulack.  Pa. 

f>  C.  B.  MINORCAS;  great  layers;  eggs,  SI. 00 
^  for  15.  GEO.  BOW DISH,  EsperaiiceTN.  Y. 

BUFF  WYANDOTTES-liSnUof 

16.  LAWRENCE  ESSELSTYN,  Claverack,  N.  Y. 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORN  BABY  CHICKS 

Blanchard  strain  hatching  eggs;  prices  reasonable. 
JAMES  GOODMAN,  New  Ringgold,  Pa. 

S.  C.  BLACK  MINORCA  COCKERELS 

range  reared-  Eggs  for  hatching;  prices  reason¬ 
able.  JAMES  GOODMAN,  New  Ringgold,  Pa. 

Farmers  and  Poultrymen. 

You  must  not  blame  us  if  occasionally  our  en¬ 
thusiasm  bubbles  over  when  speaking  of  our  cus¬ 
tom  hatching  department  as  carried  on  by  our 
experts  in  our  mammoth  hot  water  incubator 
Results  are  showing  people  all  over  the  country 
that  we  know  our  business  by  saving  them  time, 
worry  and  money,  and  giving  them  stronger  chicks 
than  the  old  hen  or  kerosene  oil  fume  incubators 
ever  did.  Y  ou  send  us  the  eggs- we’ll  do  the  rest- 
do  it  right  and  send  you  the  chicks.  Write  for  in¬ 
formation  and  prices,  anyway. 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM,  Millerton,  N.  Y. 


LAKEHILL  FARM 

W.  H.  THACHER. 

Single  and  Hose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W.  P.  Itocks 
and  Imp.  Pekin  Ducks.  Cockerels  and  Ducks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  in  any  quantity  from  J?  up. 
Chicks,  $15  per  lt)<).  Ducklings,  $25  per  100.  Write 
for  special  prices  in  large  lots.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  of  hatching  eggs  and  day  old  chicks 
and  ducklings.  Safe  delivery  and  satisfaction 
guaranteed.  CAKLW.  LLOYD,  Mgr., 

Hillside,  Westchester  County,  N.  Y. 


American  Poultry  Plant 

White  Orpingtons  (Kellerstrass) ,  White  Leghorns 
(Wyckoit),  Mammoth  Bronze  and  White  Holland 
.turkeys.  Indian  Runner  Ducks.  Quality  and 
superior  egg  production.  Stock  and  eggs  in 
large  quantities.  COLLINS,  OHIO. 


SD  IA/  LEGHORN  EGGS  for  hatching.  Good  laying 
■u,  *  n  •  strain  $1  per  15,  $5  per  100.  Also  Baby 
Chicks.  GEO.  LLNDGREEN,  Wyoming,  Del. 


EGGS— $1  per  15,  $2  per  10  of  Thor.  Brahma».  Rocks,  Wyan- 
duiies,  Reds,  Minorcas,  Hnudaus, Leghorns,  HanvlnirgBlIS  var 
28  years’  experience.  Catalogue.  S.  K.  Mohr,  Coopcrsburg,  Pa 


FOR  SALE~q*'  Whit?  Leghorns  (Young’s 

KrTo?o  L 


U/RIGHT’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTE  WINNERS-Eggs,  $4  50 

OR  t01  100:  *7.00  for 50. 

GRAND  VIEW  FARM,  Stanfordville,  N.  Y. 


MINISINK  POULTRY  FARM  CO. 

Single  Comb  Leghorn  Hatching  Eggs— 95#  fertility 
guaranteed  or  ™oney  refnnded-$10  per  hundred 
f-  o.  b.  NORTH  WATER  GAP,  PA. 


T?  C  *Vom  high  record  W.  P.  Rock 

Tl/V  Tv  Hens,  $2  for  15,  $5  for  45. 

A.  S.  BRIAN,  Mt.  Kisco,  N.  Y. 


FROM  WINNERS— Anconas,  $1.50  per  15;  Wyc- 
LUUO  koff’s  White  Leghorns.  $1.00  per  15.  Satisfac¬ 
tion  guaranteed.  OAKDALE  FARM,  R-2,  Chester,  N.  J. 


SIX  W.H.TOMS  FOR  SALE 

Mrs.  li.  F.  WRIGHT,  Ransom ville,  N.  Y. 


BURR’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTES 

By  12  years’  breeding  and  careful  selection  have  developed 
winning  quality  and  great  egg  production.  Karin  raised, 
free  range.  Eggs,  $5.00 per  hundred;  $1  per  setting.  8 ok 
fertility.  WILLIAM  O.  BURR,  Fairfield,  Conn. 


EGGS  FOR  HATCHING 

from  good  vigorous  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns  that  have 
given  me  not  less  than  33ki  per  cent,  egg  yield 
since  Dec.  1.  $1  per  15,  $3  per  50,  $5  per  100. 

B.  B.  CHASE,  Wyoming,  Del. 


Eleveaa.  First  Prizes 

At  leading  Poultry  Shows,  Indian  Runner  Ducks  and 
Rouen  Ducks.  Madison  Square  Garden  Winners  our  Rose- 
comb  Black  Minorcas  won  Silver  Cup  at  Paterson,  and 
Barred  Plymouth  Rocks.  All  eggs  $2.00  per  15,  $2.50  per 30, 
$8  per  too.  Also  pure  bred  Angora  Goats  and  Collie  Dogs, 
$10  and  up.  CLARK  FARM,  BOONTON,  N.  J. 

SNOW  WHITE  WYANDOnE  EGGS  for  hatching,  $1  per  15, 

$5  per  100.  A  lew  good  Cockerels.  Circular  free. 
GOIjDENROD  FARM,  Dept.  R,  Stewartstown,  l’a. 

R.  C.  RHODE  ISLAND  REDS 

Eggs  from  heavy  laying  utility  birds,  $1.00  per  15 

BRUSH  &  SONS . Milton,  Vt. 

Mammoth  drome  Turkey ■  raised  amongst  the  Berksliires; 
standard  weight;  strung,  vigorous,  handsome;  Toms’  $8 
$9,  $10;  Hens,  $5,  $6.  N.  B.  PERKINS,  Ashley  Palls, Mass. 

India  Runner  Ducks,  S.  C.  White  Leghorns 

Eggs  for  Hatching.  Send  for  Circular. 

F.  J.  FULLER,  Waterport,  Orleans  County,  New  York 

UTILITY  RRFFfl^-?Ioun  tain  air-  open-front 

UIILII  I  OnCLUo  house  stock  eggs  for  hatch¬ 
ing.  Black  Orpington  or  R.  I.  Beds,  $2.00  per  15. 
White  Wyandottes  or  B.P,  Rocks,  $1.50  per  15.  R.  1. 

-Angora- Goats  and  Kids  for  sale. 

SH0H0LA  FRUIT  AND  POULTRY  FARM  ,  .  Shohola.  Pa. 

R.  C.  R.  I.  RFDS-BEST  WINTER  LAYERS. 
J*  ‘  ”  *  **  "  *  *  Eggs  for  hatching,  $1  for  15. 

K.(F.  DEMAREST,  Mt.  View,  Passaic  Go.,  N.  j. 

DaItIn  nilAlfC  UTILITY  STRAIN.  5kj 
reRIII  IlUvKtf  to  6  lbs.,  at  ten  weeks  old. 
Eggs  for  Hatching,  $1.50  per  13;  $8  per  100, 
CHARLES  S.  PULIS,  WYCKOFF,  N.  J. 

CINE  QUALITY  ORPINGTONS,  black  and  white.  Owens’ 
■  and  Cook’s  strains.  $2  and  $8  per  sitting,  $10 
per  100.  REV.  J.  D.  GRAHAM,  Lyonsville,  Mass. 

INDIAN  RUNNER  ducks  and  drakes, from  200  egg  strain. 
■  Light  Brahmas.  C.  GORDON,  Sprakers,  N  .Y. 

Van  Alstyne’s  Rhode  Island  Reds 

10  Utility  Cockerels  at  $3.00  each;  100  S.  C.  Year¬ 
ling  Hens  at  $2.00  each;  50  S.  C.  surplus  Pullets  at 
$2.50  each.  Eggs  for  hatching  in  any  number. 

JAS.  E.  VAN  ALSTYNE,  Kinderhook,  N.Y. 

PRIZE  WINNING  STRAINS ! 

dottes,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  both  combs,  Single 
Comb  White  and  Brown  Leghorns,  eggs  $1.60,  15; 
$7.00,  100.  Light  and  Dark  Brahmas,  $2.00,  15.  Cat¬ 
alog  gratis.  F.  M.  PRESCOTT,  Riverdale,  N.  J. 


White  Wyandottes 

satisfaction.  Selected  < 

L.  A.  PAGE 


-Utility  strain,  for 
quality,  profit  and 


Selectod^eggSj  one  dollar  per  fifteen 


Bridge,  New  Jersey. 


TURKEY  EGGS.  »«(!  white 

‘  o  ,  , •)  HoHanil,  $3.00  for  12.  B. 

P.  Rox,  S>  C.  Black  Minorcas,  S.  C.  R.  I.  Reds, 
Silver,  Golden  and  White  Wyandottes,  S  C. 
White  Leghorns.  8A11  Eggs  $1.00  for  17.  Pekin 
Duck  Eggs,  $1,00  for  13.  Toul.  Goose  Eggs,  $3  00 
for  12.  W  .  R  .  C  A  R  L  E  , 

R.  F.  D-  No.  1,  Jacobsburg,  Ohio. 


IniianRumer  Drakes  whiS^SSlte"id5?Srt' 

ERANK  F.  TERRY,  Assonet,  Mass. 


BUFF  ORPINGTON  DUCKS,  twice  won  the  Australian 
laying  contests.  Three  years  unbeaten  show  record. 
List  furnished.  Dunrobin  Farm,  Chatham.  New  Jersey1. 


C~Bnze  -  Winning  Breeding 
Stock— Black  Orpingtons 

and  Minorcas.  QUOQUETAUG  FARMS,  Old  Mystic,  Conn. 

iKosTBAiN  S.  G.  W.  LEGHORN 

Breeding  Hens  at  low  price  to  make  room.  Also 
promising  Cockerels  cheap  in  qua  nt  ities.  Also  R  1 
Reds.  Eggs  for  hatching.  St.  Moritz  Farm,  Ramsey,  N.j‘ 

WHITE  WYANDOTTES  and  Indian  “Genuine  Fawn”  Runner 
Ducks.  Qrand  Win  and  Lay  Strains.  Stock  and 
Eggs  at  honest  prices.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Write  OWNLAND  FARM.  Box  497.  South  Hammond,  N.  Y. 

YOUNG’S  STRAIN  S.  C,  W.  LEGHORNS 

Prize-winning  White  Wyandottes. 

STOCK  UNO  EGGS  FOR  SALE 

T.  A.  CLARK,  Rif  ton,  N.  Y. 


380 


March  18, 


THE  RUR.A.E  NEW-YORKER 


The  Henyard. 

SOIL  SPROUTED  OATS  FOR  HENS. 

Having  always  until  three  years  ago 
lived  on  a  ranch  where  my  hens  had  a 
free  run  of  the  fields,  when  moving  into 
town  I  was  at  a  loss  to  know  how  best 
to  provide  them  with  green  forage. 
After  trying  several  methods  I  have 
adopted  the  following  plan,  which  has 
proved  a  success :  My  yard  for  60  hens 
is  only  24x32  feet  outside  the  poultry 
house.  This  is  laid  out  in  four  plots. 
On  plot  one  I  sowed  a  peck  of  oats, 
and  with  a  manure  fork  spaded  the 
ground  to  the  depth  of  live  or  six  inches, 
mixing  the  oats  all  through  the  soil. 
The  next  morning  I  sowed  on  plot  No. 
2  the  same,  and  so  continued  until  all 
four  had  been  worked  over,  then  began 
with  No.  1  and  so  continued  through 
the  season.  The  hens  would  work  busily 
all  day,  scratching  for  the  oats,  and  only 
getting  thqse  nearest  to  the  surface. 
After  going  over  the  yard  a  few  times 
there  would  be  an  abundance  of  tender 
rootlets  thrown  up  from  the  bottom, 
which  the  hens  ate  with  a  great  relish, 
and  found  profitable  employment  all 
through  the  day.  Towards  night  they 
had  about  the  same  quantity  of  wheat 
thrown  onto  six  or  more  inches  of 
clean  dry  straw  in  their  scratch  pen, 
under  cover.  The  frequent  turning  of 
the  soil  and  the  germinating  of  the  grain 
has  kept  the  ground,  which  is  a  sandy 
loam,  in  fine  condition  and  free  from 
odors.  When  too  cold  for  the  grain  in 
germinate  quickly  I  fill  one  of  the 
cylinders  of  the  bone  cutter  with  vege¬ 
tables  and  the  other  with  green  bone 
and  cut  them  up  together.  They  have 
green  cut  bone  nearly  every  day,  and  a 
mash  of  bran,  barley  and  oats  ground 
mixed  with  ground  Alfalfa  occasionally, 
and  access  to  ground  bone  all  the  time. 
Whenever  there  is  a  day  too  cold  for 
them  to  scratch  in  the  dirt,  which  is 
not  often,  I  throw  their  grain  into  a 
good  bed  of  straw  and  make  them 
scratch  for  a  living  all  the  year  around. 

Washington.  c.  F.  w. 


free  from  any  grain.  Lawn  clippings  were 
fed  nearly  every  day.  In  October  the  flock, 
105  in  number,  was  sorted,  selling  the  sur¬ 
plus  to  market.  This  left  30  pullets  and 
six  cockerels.  In  November  a  few  of  the 
pullets  began  laying,  then  the  cockerels  were 
taken  away,  and  by  December  nearly  every 
pullet  was  laying,  as  we  gathered  27,  27 
and  29  eggs  three  different  days.  The 
average  was  a  fraction  over  20  eggs  per  day 
for  December,  also  for  January.  The 
ground  has  been  covered  with  snow  since 
Thanksgiving,  and  a  great  many  mornings 
have  been  below  zero.  The  house  is  12x24 
feet,  divided  into  three  pens,  each  having 
a  3x6  foot  sash,  window  hung  on  hinges. 
Every  day  this  Winter  these  windows  have 
been  wide  open.  We  have  a  board  floor  in 
the  house,  and  the  fowls  have  had  no  colds 
whatever.  The  above  dry  mash  has  been 
before  the  pullets  in  hoppers  all  the  time. 
Every  morning  a  small  amount  of  cracked 
corn,  wheat,  barley  and  oats  is  scattered 
in  about  eight  inches  of  litter,  and  again 
at  noon.  At  night  the  same  grain  is  fed 
in  troughs,  and  all  that  they  do  not  eat  is 
taken  away  from  them.  These  pullets  have 
never  had  any  setbacks  from  the  day  they 
left  the  shell,  as  some  of  them  now  weigh 
over  seven  pounds.  I  am  away  from  home 
all  day  ;  if  I  had  the  time  to  grow  sprouted 
oats  or  gave  them  cabbage  I  am  confident 
that  thev  would  have  greatly  increased  the 
egg  yield.  J.  e.  white. 

Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y. 


Caring  for  Little  Chicks. 

Upon  reading  answer  to  I’.,  page  133,  I 
feel  like  saying  a  word  about  the  over¬ 
crowding  of  chickens.  We  have  had  a  good 
deal  of  trouble,  and  lost  quite  a  few  by 
overcrowding;  that  is,  naving  two  or  three 
lots  crowd  into  one  coop,  or  brooder.  One 
year  we  lost  11,  two-thirds  grown  pullets. 
The  night  was  cool  and  they  were  shut  in 
a  too  close  coop.  Now  we  have  a  way  and 
have  had  from  1,000  to  1,200  chicks  on  free 
range,  and  no  crowding  of  two  lots  together. 
Our  coops  are  made  with  plenty  of  chance 
for  ventilation,  and  we  add  or  diminish  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  season.  We  use  a  small  coop 
3x2  with  a  slide  door  10  by  12  inch,  cov¬ 
ered  with  inch  mesh  wire,  and  a  three-inch 
hole  at  each  end,  which  we  cover  with  bur¬ 
lap  in  cold  Spring  weather,  or  when  the 
chicks  are  small.  We  also  tack  a  piece  of 
burlap  over  slide  door.  When  the  weather 
is  suitable  and  the  chicks  are  from  four  to 
five  weeks  old,  we  put  them  out  in  these 
little  coops  in  lots  of  30  or  40,  and  put 
a  covered-in  wire  yard  3x12  feet,  18  inches 
or  two  feet  high.  The  chicks  are  fed  in 
there,  and  closed  into  the  coop  at  night. 
These  coops  are  set  30  or  40  feet  apart, 
which  is  important.  In  a  week  or  10  days 
after  the  chicks  are  put  out.  we  put  a  brick 
on  edge  under  one  corner  of  the  wire  yard 
and  let  the  chicks  lino  their  way  in  and 
out  at  pleasure.  We  keep  on  feeding  in 
this  yard,  and  if  there  are  larger  ones  rang¬ 
ing  we  don’t  move  it  away  or  raise  it  so  the 
large  ones  can  eat  up  all  the  feed.  When 
10  or  12  weeks  old  the  cockerels  are  taken 
away,  sold  for  broHers  or  yarded  by -them-- 
selves.  Now  the  pullets  are  about  large 
enough  to  go  to  roost,  so  we  take  away  the 
little  coop  and  put  a  3x6  size  coop  with 
two  roosts,  in  it,  upon  the  same  spot-  If 
this  is  done  in  early  morning  the  chickens 
get  used  to  it.and  will  usually  go  in  them¬ 
selves  ;  any  way,  with  very  little  bother. 
Chickens  and  fowls  are  regular  home  bodies, 
and  when .  settled,  or  established  in  a  home, 
it  is  work  to  drive  them  to  new  quarters, 
and  then  they  will  have  to  be  shut  in,  or 
they  will  stray  back  to  the  old  home.  Not¬ 
withstanding  all  this,  a  real  poultry  mail 
has  no  business  to  be  absent-minded,  or  for¬ 
getful  of  his  flock.  lie  may  have  the  „est 
of  houses  and '  best  of  range,  Wlul  every¬ 
thing  favorable  to  keeping  healthy,  vigorous 
stock,  but  a  temporary  aberration  of  his 
mind,  or  forgetfulness,  will  upset  everything 
and  failure  comes.  w.  T.  Wallis. 

Massachusetts. 


Minorcas  or  Leghorns  ? 

Do  you  consider  the  Black  Minorcas  as 
good  for  laying  and  as  hardy  as  the  Leg¬ 
horns?  e. 

With  us  the  Black  Minorcas  lay  a  larger 
egg  than  the  Leghorns,  but  are  not  as 
hardy.  They  do  not  stand  a  wet  or  damp 
climate. 


I  have  just  completed  a  hen  house  (open 
front!  9x10  feet,  in  one  corner  of  my  en¬ 
closure.  I  placed  11  hens  and  a  rooster  in 
the  coop  on  January  16,  1911,  and  by  the 
end  of  the  month  I  had  received  37  eggs. 
The  previous  place  occupied  by  the  hens 
was  damp,  and  my  flock  was  threatened 
with  roup.  I  doctored  them  more  or  less 
all  Winter.  In  three  or  four  days  all  this 
disease  has  disappeared,  and  they  com¬ 
menced  to  lay  with  the  above  results.  Of 
course,  my  neighbors  thought  I  was  crazy, 
but  I  am  satisfied  to  have  them  think  so. 
Uxbridge,  Mass.  J.  s. 

Figuiung  ox  IIexs. — In  reading  the 
note,  ‘'Ileus  or  llogs,”  written  by  our 
Hillcrest  Fruit  Farm  man,  page  197,  I 
note  that  he  says,  after  spending  for  the 
keep  of  a  sow  $5,  he  sold  her  pigs  for  $20 
and  still  had  the  sow  left,  but  after  spend¬ 
ing  so  much  for  the  keep  of  his  chickens, 
$25  for  building,  $10  for  fencing,  other 
fixtures  $5,  and  only  valuing  his  38  pullets 
at  3914  cents  each  and  roosters  at  50  cents 
each,  he  does  not  say  he  has  his  four  hens 
and  roosters  and  his  chicken  house  and  his 
fence  and  other  fixtures  left.  I  wonder  if 
my  friend  would  sell  those  pullets  for  39  V4 
cents  (}acli,  or  those  White  WyandfOtte 

cockerels  that  weigh  six  to  eight  pounds,  for 
50  cents  each.  The  way  we  at  Hillside 

Farm  would  figure  bis  poultry  would  be : 
DIt. 

Four  hens  and  roosters .  $6.00 

Feed  .  10.00 

Chick  feed  .  2.00 

$18.00 

10  per  cent,  for  use  of  chicken 

coop  set  .  $4.00 

$22.00 

CR. 

38  pullets  at  $1 . $38.00 

One  rooster  at  $1,  sold .  1.00 

Six  roosters  at  $1,  sold .  6.00 

$45.00 

. $22.00 


Total  expense 


.$23.00 


Total  profit  . 

And  he  still  has  those  four  hens  and 
rooster,  and  nothing  was  said  about  the 
eggs  those  four  hens  laid  from  Spring  till 
January  1.  Was  it  only  enough  to  hatch 
38  pullets  and  seven  roosters,  and  didn’t 
that  sow  require  any  $25  house  or  $10 
fence  to  keep  her  in  th’e  pasture?  What 
do  you  supnose  we  would  have  had  the 
profit  of  our  Hillcrest  friend’s  poultry  if 
he  had  tried  the  12  hens  against  the  sow? 
Well,  we  don't  all  figure  the  same. 

Long  Island.  T.  i>.  M. 

When  vou  write  advertisers  mention  The 
U.  N.-Y.  ‘and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal."  See  guarantee  page  20. 


SCAB— Cured 
CHOLERA— Prevented 


BY  THE  USE  OF 


MINOR’S  FLUID 

SHEEP  AND  HOG 

DIP 

Kills  ticks,  lice,  etc. 

Cui-es  mange,  scurvy 

The  W.  E.  Minor  Disinfectant  Co, 

1518  Columbus  Rd.  Cleveland,  O. 


Eggs  in  December. — I  have  been  asked 
to  tell  how  I  cared  for  the  30  White  Wyan¬ 
dotte  pullets  that  laid  51%  dozen  of  eggs 
in  the  month  of  December.  The  pullets 
were  hatched  by  hens  between  May  1  and 
June  8.  The  chicks  were  raised  in  a  little 
yard  about  30  feet  square.  They  were  fed 
the  first  few  weeks  on  chick  grain  and  table 
scraps ;  after  this  a  crumbly  mash  composed 
of  two  parts  bran,  one  white  middlings,  one 
cracked  corn,  one  gluten,  one  good  meat 
scrap.  This  was  fed  in  the  morning  in 
troughs  and  what  was  not  eaten  was  taken 
away.  The  same  mixture  dry  was  kept  be¬ 
fore  the  chicks  in  hoppers  all  the  time. 
Cracked  corn  and  wheat  was  fed  liberally 
and  at  night  a  pen  of  hens  from  another 
yard  was  let  in  to  clear  up  all  that  was 
left,  so  that  every  morning  the  yard  was 


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And  Now  Buy  The 

World’s  Champion 
140-Egg  Incubator 

55 


Complete  for  Only  | 

W 


J.  V.  ROHAN,  Pres. 


HY  buy  any  other 
incubator  at  any 
price?  Why  not 
own  a  World’s  Cham¬ 
pion  Belle  City?  Yet. 
my  price  is  only  $7.55 
and  remember,  I  furnish 
you  a  big,  full  size  140- 
egg  machine  at  that 
figure. 

o£  Quinlan,  Oklahoma, 


Freight  Paid 
E.  ol 
Rockies 


Mrs.  M.J.  Clifton 
settled  the  world’s  championship  by  winning 
the  Successful  Farming  Hatching  Contest 
against  all  other  machines,  March  29, 1910,  by 
hatching  140  chickens— the  full  capacity  of  her 
machine— a  140-egg  Belle  City  Incubator. 

Many  other  machines  were  in  the  contest — 
Other  machines  had  high  scores — but  no 


other  machine  hatched 
its  full  capacity — 140- 
egg  size— 140  eggs  set 
— 110  chicks  hatched. 

Why  pay  much  more 
than  my  price  for  as 
large  a  capacity  as 
the  Belle  City,  or  the 
same  price  for  a  much  smaller  machine,  and 
yet  get  an  unknown  hatcher?  I  take  great  pride 
in  the  fact  that  I  have  started  thousands  and 
thousands  of  people  in  the  money-making, 
poultry  raising  business,  at  small  expense, 
for  their  complete  outfit.  What  you  want  is 
a  hatching  outfit  that  is  right  in  every  detail 
—that’s  known  to  be  perfect,  yet  simple  in  its 
operation — that  will  make  a  success  from  the 
very  start,  out  of  your  very  first  hatch. 


Complete  HatcMsng  Outfit— My  $7.55  Belle  City 
Incubator  and  $4.85  Brooder,  Ordered  Together 
Only  $11.50 — Freight  Prepaid  East  of  Routes 


Let  me  ship  you  one  of  these  complete 
outfits,  all  freight  charges  prepaid,  to  your 
station,  on  90  days’  free  trial.  The  Belle  City 
Incubator  is  an  old,  tried,  tested,  proven 
machine.  I  have  been  in  the  incubator 
business  and  my  machines  have  been 
on  the  market  for  28  years.  I  print  thou¬ 
sands  of  testimonials  and  photographs 
of  people  who  are  using  my  machines  in 
my  printed  matter.  My  plan  is  quick  sales 
and  a  lot  of  them  at  a  low  price. 

A  brief  description  of  the  Championship 
Belle  City  Incubator  is  as  follows: 

Double  walls — dead  air  space  all  over — 
copper  tank  and  boiler— hot-water  heater- 
best  regulator— deep,  roomy  nursery— strong 
egg  tray— high  legs— double  door— and  every¬ 
thing  that’s  any  good  on  an  incubator— all  in 
the  Belle  City.  “Tycos”  thermometer— egg 


tester— burner  and  safety  lamp  Included. 

The  Belle  City  140-chick  Brooder  is  the 
only  one  having  double  walls  and  dead  air 
spaces.  I  guarantee  it  to  raise  more  healthy 
chicks  than  any  other  brooder  made.  Hot- 
water  top  heat— large,  roomy,  wire  runway 
yard,  with  platform — metal  safety  lamp  and 
burner. 

I  will  be  glad  to  send  my  literature  of  this 
complete  hatching  outfit  free,  giving  you  all 
the  information  you  may  want.  I  advise 
you  to  get  your  outfit  early.  Have  it  on 
hand  all  ready  to  run  when  your  eggs  are 
ready. 

I  have  sold  thousands  of  machines  direct 
from  my  advertisement.  Everyone  that 
reads  farm  papers  knows  that  I  am  respon¬ 
sible.  If  you  want  to,  you  take  no  risk  in 
ordering  direct  from  this  advertisement. 


Thousands  Order  Direct  From  This  Advertisement 
and  Save  Money.  Why  Not  You  ? 


By  ordering  my  Championship  Belle 
City  Incubator  and  Brooder  together,  you 
get  the  complete  outfit  for  $11.50 — freight 
charges  prepaid — (E.  of  Rockies.)  This 
saves  you  90  cents  on  the  regular  price  of 
the  incubator  and  brooder  and  gets  the  out¬ 
fit  delivered  to  you  at  your  station,  all  freight 
charges  prepaid — be  ready  to  run  when  your 
eggs  are  ready  to  set. 

By  ordering  from  this  advertisement,  you 
save  time,  save  money,  do  away  with  pos¬ 
sible  delay  in  getting  your  machine  r  nd  take 
no  risk,  because  I  guarantee  to  refund  your 
money  at  the  end  of  90  days’  free  test  if 
everything  about  my  complete  hatching 
outfit  is  not  exactly  as  represented  in  this 
advertisement. 

You  can  hold  me  to  every  claim  made 
here.  The  editors  of  this  paper  protect 
your  interests  and  stand  back  of  me  and 
my  factory  in  guaranteeing  to  do  as  repre¬ 
sented.  Why  not  cut  out  this  advertise¬ 
ment,  keep  it  for  reference,  send  me 

140-Chick 
Brooder  ' 

$4.85 


your  order,  get  your  outfit  at  once,  and 
be  ready  tor  the  season. 

I  Guarantee  the  Belle  City  Incubator 
to  outhatch  any  machine  made — 
when  operated  under  like  condb 
tions— no  matter  what  kind  or  what 
the  price.  Your  money  back  it  this 
test  proves  untrue. 


>140- 

EflS 

Incu¬ 

bator 

$7.55 


1  ship  quick  from  Buffalo,  Kansas 
City,  St.  Paul  or  Racine — 

And  I  Guarantee  to  ship  all  orders 
sent  from  this  ad  on  day  received. 


The  Largest  Manufacturer  in  the  World  of  140-Egg  Incubators 
—the  Best  Size  Under  All  Conditions. 

^  - - -  |.  V.  ROHAN,  President 

Belle  City  Incubator  Co.,  Box  48  Racine,  Wis. 


PATENTS  START  FACTORIES 


kPATENT  SECURED  OR 
_ _ *  FEE  RETURNED 

Startright.  Free  Book— Iiow  to  obtain,  finance 
|  and  promote  patents.  Send  sketch,  free  search. 

FARNHAM  &  SUES,  Pat.  Atty*.,  Ad. 36,  Washington,  D.C. 

WRITE  YOUR  NAME 

ON  A  POSTAL 


{or  Poultry  Houses. — how 
to  make  a  first-class  brood¬ 
er  out  of  a  piano  box.  De¬ 
scribes  the  1911  Sand  Tray 
PrairieState  Incubators. 

Prairie  State  Incubator  Co. 
406  Main  St..  Homer  City,  Pa. 


and  get  this  big  book  on  Poultry 
Raising,  free,  post-paid.  It  tells 
how  successful  poultrynion  feed, 
breed,  rear,  hatch  and  house. 
Full  of  valuable  hints  and  helps 
you’ll  be  pleased  to  know. 

112  PAGES 

B  ■  Practical  Poultry  Raising  Experiences 

p  Secrets  of 
others’ sue-’ 

‘cess.  Plans 


Poultry  the  Best  Paging 

Branch  of  Farming 


The  1911  catalog  by  Robert  H.  Essex, 
poultry  and  incubator  expert, 
will  start  you  right.  Improved  incu¬ 
bators  and  brooders.  Read  “  Why 
Some  Succeed  Where  others  Fail.” 

ROBERT  ESSEX  INCUBATOR  CO. 

84  Henry  St„  Buffalo.  N.  Y. 


C8SEX-M0DEI 

IUCUSATO* 

**  a reuAvn 


1/ 


BUCKEYE  $ 

50  EGG 

INCUBATOR 


6 


Simple,  self-regulating,  complete. 
Guaranteed  to  hatch  every  hatchabla 
egg.  Sold  on  40  days  trial  with  money 
back  in  case  of  failure.  150,000  in  use. 
If  your  dealer  doesn  ’t  keep  them  write  to  us.  We  ’ll  send 
you  our  catalogue  and  two  books,  “Making  Money  the 
Buckeye  Way”  and  “51  Chicksfrom  50  Eggs,”  Free. 

THE  BUCKEYE  INCUBATOR  CO.,  508  W,  Euclid  Avenue,  Springfield,  Ohio, 

Builders  ol  Buckeye  Portablo  Poultry  Houses 
Sold  Cheaper  Than  You  Can  Build  Them. 


125  Egg  Incubator  and  Boeder 

Why  pay  more  than  our  price!  If  ordered  together  we  6end 
both  machines  for  $10.00,  and  pay  all  the  'freight  charges 
Hot  wate^Gdouble  walls,  dead -air  space  between,  double  glass  doors,  copoer 
tanks  and  boilers,  self-regulating.  Nursery  underneath  the  egg-tray,  both 
Incubator  and  Brooder  shipped  complete,  with  thermometers,  lamps,  egg- 
testers— all  ready  to  use  when  you  receive  them.  All  machines  guaranteed. 

t-  raia  m  Incubators  are  finished  in  natural  colors  showing  the  high  grade  lumber 

used— no  paint  to  cover  inferior  material.  If  you  will  com  pare  our  machines  with  others  offered  at  anywhere 
near  our  price,  wo  will  feel  sure  of  your  order.  Don’t  buy  until  you  do  this — you  11  save  money.  It  pays  to  in¬ 
vestigate  the  •‘Wisconsin’’  before  you  buy.  Send  for  the  free  catalog  today,  or  send  in  your  order  and  save  tim&, 
WISCONSIN  INCUBATOR  COM  BOX  I  18,  Racine,  Wis. 


1911. 


'THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


381 


Henyard  —  Continued. 

Those  $12  Hens. 

On  page  220  Gori  &  Son  told  us 
about  the  R.  I.  Red  hens  which  aver¬ 
aged  $12  each  in  net  earning  power  for 
one  year.  As  usual,  our  people  want  the 
details,  and  Gori  &  Sons  give  them  as 
below.  It  seems  that  one  pullet  was 
lost  in  May,  1910,  thus  the  actual  aver¬ 
age  of  birds  in  the  pen  was  \iy2  for  the 
year.  The  figures  show  that  these  birds 
cost  $140.75,  and  are  credited  with 
$282.42.  You  will  notice  that  this  large 
income  is  due  to  the  fact  that  many  of 
the  eggs  were  used  for  hatching,  and 
that  the  chickens  are  credited  with  what 
they  are  actually  worth.  On  this  basis 
of  figuring  these  hens  certainly  earned 
$12.31  net  during  the  year,  which  ended 
February  1,  1911.  Now  we  want  any¬ 
one — be  he  hen  man,  cow  man  or  hog 
man,  to  come  forward  and  criticize  the 
statement  and  show  wherein  the  figuring 
is  not  fair. 

DR. 

Expense  account  for  1  yr. — 2-l-’10 — 2-l-’ll. 
Feed,  etc.,  11.5  breeders,  1  cock¬ 
erel  . 12.5  at  $1.50  $17.75 

Feed,  etc.,  210  raised  at  55c.  cost.  115.50 

Value  of  eggs  incubated .  5.00 

Interest  6%  value  of  breeders,  $15  .90 

Interest  6%  share  of  plant,  $10  .60 

Total  Dr .  $140.75 

CR. 

Income,  Sales  and  Inventories. 

Eggs  from  breeders .  $35.74 

Eggs  from  pullets  .  30.34 

Males,  poultry  sold .  54.94 

Home  account,  dressed,  etc .  5.00 

Feb.  1,  ’ll,  inventory,  pullets,  115 

at  $1  .  115.00 

Feb.  1,  ’ll,  inventory,  breeders, 

cockerels,  etc .  35.00 

Drop  boards  manure,  since  in 
Winter  quarters  Oct.  1,  ’10,  64 
bushels  at  10  cents .  6.40 


Per  hen  unit  $24.55 . Total  $282.42 

Per  hen  unit  $12.24,  expense  ac¬ 
count  . Dr.  140.75 


Per  hen  unit,  $12.31 . Net  Cr. 

Result  for  labor  . 


141.67 

$12.31 


It  pays  to  test  the  eggs  of  setting  liens 
by  transmitted  light,  about  the  end  of  the 
first  week,  and  later  on,  also,  if  necessary. 
An  egg-tester  that  can  be  used  over  an 
ordinary  lamp  chimney  costs  but  little, 
while  the  knowledge  that  may  be  obtained 
from  its  use  is  often  worth  a  great  deal. 
It  is  worth  while  to  know  how  many  eggs 
are  fertile.  When  several  hens  have  been 
set  at  the  same  time,  we  can  often  test 
out  enough  infertile  eggs  from  their  nests 
to  enable  us  to  keep  the  full  number  of 
fertile  eggs  under  some  of  the  hens,  while 
others  will  be  free  to  take  fresh  settings. 
This  saves  time.  The  testin'  is  useful,  also, 
in  showing  the  eggs  in  which  development 
has  taken  place,  but  has  become  arrested. 
Such  eggs  readily  undergo  decomposition, 
and  are  very  easily  broken  by  the  hen. 
When  a  rotten  egg  is  broken,  and  its  putrid 
contents  are  spread  over  the  other  eggs  in 
the  nest,  it  is  apt  to  put  an  end  to  life  in 
a  good  many  of  them.  We  save  chicks  when 
we  can  recognize  arrested  development  early, 
and  take  the  egg  away.  w.  r.  f. 


I  enclose  statement  of  my  chickens  for 
the  last  two  years. 

1909 — Number  of  chickens,  97. 

Number  of  eggs  sold,  874  dozen ....  $187.69 

Chickens  sold,  60 .  16.00 

Paid  out  for  feed .  136.67 


Net 


$203.69 

$67.02 


1910 — Number  of  chickens,  110. 

Number  of  eggs  sold,  1,124  dozen ..  $229.1 4 

Chickens  sold,  98  .  25.35 

Paid  out  for  feed .  154.66 


$254.49 

Net  .  $99.83 

Our  feed  is  too  high  in  price  here  to 
make  any  profit  on  chickens.  Price  to-day 
for  feed,  whole  corn,  80  pound  sack, 
$1.40 ;  wheat  screenings,  90  pound  sack, 
$2;  cracked  corn,  80  pound  sack,  $1.20; 
whole  wheat,  120  pounds  sack,  $2.75 ; 
scratching  feed,  mixed  feed,  100  pound 
sack,  $2.25.  This  is  a  timber  country,  and 
there  are  only  a  few  settlers  here.  No  grain 
is  being  raised  as  yet,  only  grass,  and  it 
is  good,  averaging  two  to  3%  tons  per 
acre.  Price  for  hay  to-day  is  $20  per  ton, 
usual  price  from  $12  to  $15  per  ton.  Land 
sells  for  $8  to  $15  per  acre,  not  cleared. 
Improved  farms  from  $25  to  $60  per  acre. 
Ingraham,  Wls.  d.  h.  h. 


Introducing  Mrs.  Houdan  Hen. 

On  page  186  I  notice  your  statement  that 
the  Connecticut  Agricultural  College  is 
working  to  develop  a  heavy-coated  hen  that 
will  lay  a  white  egg.  It  seems  that  the 
learned  “perfessers”  of  Connecticut  have 
overlooked  the  Houdan  hen,  that  has  all 
the  qualities  they  are  after,  which  qualities 
they  probably  will  not  be  able  to  improve 
upon  by  making  a  mongrel  breed.  The 
Houdan  has  been  bred  in  France  for  more 
than  two  hundred  years  and  has  always 
been  known  as  an  egg  producer,  especially 
as  a  producer  of  nice-sized  white  Winter 
eggs.  Today  it  is  the  great  egg  and  meat 
fowl  of  France.  Introduced  some  40  or 
o0  years  ago  into  America  it  has  been 
forging  ahead  slowly  but  surely  as  its  merits 
are  becoming  appreciated.  I  think  its 
Jias  been  retarded  somewhat  by 
hn™  n  for  a  to°  larse  crest,  but  this  can 
eaai‘y .  c°rrected,  as  I  have  corrected  it, 
coLSelcc!  n,g  and  mating  from  a  mediurn- 
it  bIrds-  There  is  a  theory  (and 

♦ho  i/  'j0  ^  a  theory!  that  these  crests  on 
fli  lUdan  destroy  their  utility  as  a  farm 
iacc«t  of  their  not  being  able  to 
wot  „^rs’  and  also  because  the  crests  get 
after  CaUSe  .coIds-  I  have  found  this 
having  a  J;iarS  t0  be  a11  bumbug,  my  birds 
t* to  +L  free  orchard  run  in  the  country 
sa“a  chance  as  other  chickens  and 
hlvp  To  ,  °f  tbomselves  just  as  well.  They 
ave  had  a  three  Winters’  test  in  open 


front  houses  without  any  curtains  what¬ 
ever,  and  I  would  not  go  back  to  the  old 
type  of  closed  house.  It  seems  to  me  we 
have  enough  varieties  now  for  every  pur¬ 
pose,  and  I  can  assure  your  readers  they 
do  not  need  to  look  to  other  than  the 
Houdan  for  a  good,  hardy,  heavy-feathered 
breed  that  will  lay  a  large  white  egg  Sum¬ 
mer  and  Winter  in  well  paying  quantities. 

Pittsburg,  Pa.  w.  c.  d. 

That  Open-front  House. 

John  Beet,  page  250,  will  be  a  sorry 
man  if  he  makes  house  to  face  southwest. 
Handling  one  facing  south  I  find  quite  a 
number  of  days  on  which  I  have  to  leave 
curtains  down,  and  can  imagine  what  a 
southwest  exposure  would  be.  If  his  land 
is  such  that  southwest  is  necessary  I 
would  advise  two  muslin  partitions  for  the 
Winter  months.  I  use  one  such  in  a  south 
exposure,  and  find  it  a  great  benefit.  I  am 
afraid  Mr.  Beet  has  miscalculated  the  bene¬ 
fit  of  so  much  sunshine,  as  the  winds 
would  offset  part  of  the  benefit.  He  will 
find  that  the  longer  he  keeps  hens  in  an 
open  front  house  the  more  they  will  shun 
the  wind.  w.  j.  dougan. 

Replying  to  Mr.  John  Beet's  inquiry  re¬ 
garding  an  open  front  henhouse,  page  250, 
southwesterly  exposure,  I  am  glad  to  inform 
him  my  house  has  faced  that  way  for  10 
years.  It  has  a  hotbed  sash  in  the  east  end 
to  catch  the  early  sun,  and  I  have  had  the 
best  of  results.  My  house  is  three  feet  up 
from  the  ground,  and  it  is  an  ideal  way  to 
build.  All  Winter  long  the  hens  have  a 
sheltered  run  underneath,  always  dusty, 
where  they  wallow  to  their  hearts’  content. 
I  never  see  them  picking  at  themselves. 
The  house  is  16  feet  deep,  rear  four  feet 
and  front  five  feet  high,  pitch  roof  six  feet 
in  center,  no  glass,  all  open  in  front.  I 
never  had  roup,  a  sick  hen  or  frosted  comb, 
though  I  have  S.  C.  Leghorns.  The  interior 
is  always  dry  and  odorless.  They  began 
laying  in  October  and  have  laid  heavily  all 
Winter.  Fresh  air,  a  dry  floor  and  two*  feet 
of  leaves  to  scratch  in  have  produced  eggs 
when  my  neighbors  with  damp  houses  had 
none,  in  January  I  got  13  eggs  per  hen. 

Englewood,  N.  J.  g.  g.  h. 

Sprouted  Oats  Sou.  —  The  simplest 
method  of  sprouting  oats  for  50  hens  is  to 
take  three  boxes  measuring  two  feet  by  four 
feet  inside  and  three  inches  in  depth.  If 
there  are  one-half  inch  spaces  between  the 
boards  in  the  bottom  so  much  the  better. 
Put  these  boxes  across  carpenter’s  horses 
or  other  support,  lay  a  sheet  of  wrapping 
paper  over  the  bottom  to  prevent  the  oats 
from  going  through.  Soak  oats  from  12  to 
24  hours ;  a  pailful  to  each  box.  One-lialf 
the  quantity  does  not  start  as  well  or  make 
as  good  a  sod  ;  double  the  quantity  is  apt 
to  heat.  Water  night  and  morning  with 
hot  water,  using  a  sprinkling  pot.  When 
the  first  box  is  ready  cut  with  a  sharp 
kitchen  knife  a  sod  the  size  desired,  and 
lift  out  with  a  spading  fork.  Use  heavy 
oats.  When  the  first  box  is  empty  put  new 
paper  on  the  bottom  and  fill  again ;  rake 
level  but  do  not  use  rake  thereafter  as  is 
often  recommended.  I  nave  never  found 
it  necessary  to  spray  boxes ;  the  cleaning 
out  and  repapering  bottoms  may  in  a  meas¬ 
ure  prevent  mold.  I  would  not  advise  news¬ 
paper  or  any  other  paper  that  might  when 
eaten  be  injurious,  for  it  often  adheres  to 
the  sod.  f.  h.  p. 


The  Milk  Pail  that 

Keeps 
Milk 
Clean 

Will  you  try 
one  10  Days 
Free  ? 

We  take  all  chances,  for  we  know  you 
will  like  it.  Sent  on  trial  prepaid.  If  not 
satisfactory,  return  at  our  expense.  All 
dairymen  approve  it.  The 

Sterilac  Milk  Pail 

is  the  only  oue  Unit  is  a  real  success  at  keeping  milk  clean. 
There  is  no  chance  for  contamination.  Milk,  pure  and 
sweet,  just  as  it  is  drawn  from  the  cow,  goes  straight  into 
the  pall  and  it  is  all  t*»«.t  dots  go  there.  44  Dirt  Shelf’4 
catches  all  hair,  dust  or  filth  that  falls  from  the  cow  or 
udders.  Milk  44  keeps  44  longer  because  it  is  really  pure. 
The  pail  is  right  shaped,  strong,  made  to  last.  Easy  to 
wash.  You  can’t  know  how  good  it  is  till  you  see  it  and 
trv  it.  Price  $2.50.  Ask  vour  dealer.  If  he  hasn’t  it  we 
will  send  trial  pail  prepaid.  Return  if  you  don’t  like  it. 

STERILAC  COMPANY,  S  Merchmts  Row.  Boston,  Mus. 


imund  Dairymen,  Takea  Look  at  the 
STRITE  GOVERNOR  PULLEY 

Its  the  original  and  •*  ou\y 
thing  for  driving  cream  sep¬ 
arators  with  gasoline  en¬ 
gines.  Once  tiled,  always 
used.  TRY  ONE.  Ask  your 
dealer  for  a  44  STRITE M  or 
write  us  direct.  Don’t  take 
an  imitation. 

Strite  Governor  Pulley  Co. 
357  South  Third  Street 
Minneapolis,  Minn. 


FOR  MENDING  HARNESS 


It takes 
a  wax 
thread, 
feeds 

from  spool 
does  the  work  of 
any  harness  maker  , 
machine.  It  is  indis¬ 
pensable  for  farmers. 

Agonts  wanted.  Sent  prepaid 
for  $1.25.  Send  at  once  for 
catalog.  STEWART-SKINNER  CO. 
35  Hermon  Street,  Worcester,  Mass. 


shoes,  tents,  awnings,  pulley  belts,  car¬ 
pets,  saddles,  suit  cases,  buggy  tops, 
dash  boards,  or  any  heavy  material. 

Stewart’s  Automatic 
Awl  istheonly  per- 
Sewing 
Awl. 


NATURAL  Ground  PHOSPHATE 


Add  50  to  100% 
to  the  productive 
capacity  of  your 
manure  byapply- 
ing  only  20c 
worth. to  each  ton 
of  manure. 


Write  for  free  Booklet 
telling  all  about  it. 


Increase  your 
crop  yields  50  to 
75%  by  applying 
$1.25  worth  per 
acre  to  the  soil 
direct.  Leading 
Agricultural  Experi¬ 
ment  Stations  confirm 
this,  as  our  free  Book¬ 
let  shows.  Address. 


THE  FARMERS  GROUND  ROCK  PHOSPHATB  CO. 


MTPIE - 

TENNESSEE 


ASANT 

SSEE  I 


Wonderful  Bargains 
In  Vehicles  and  Harness 

Before  you  buy  any  kind  of  vehicle  or  harness,  send  for 
the  1911  Free  Murray  Style  Book  and  compare  Murray  Price • 
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is  exactly  what  you  need.  Every  Farmer  in  America  should 
have  it  in  the  home  handy  for  use.  251  illustrations,  many  in 
colors;  138  styles  of  Carriages,  74  styles  of  Harness.  See  our 
Wagon  Leader  of  special  construction,  page  101,  and  Big  Special 
Harness  Bargain,  page  143. 

»  "Highest  Award’4  Buggies  Direct  From 
His  Factory — Four  Weeks’  Road  Trial — Insures 
Sale  Delivery— Two  Years’  Guarantee 

Why  should  you  even  think  of  buying  Buggies,  Harness  or  Saddlery  from 
any  Dealer,  Agent  or  Mail  Order  House,  when  you  can  save  30  to  50  per  cent 
by  dealing  direct  with  the  old,  reliable  Wilber  H.  Murray  M’f’g  Co., 

Factory  in  Cincinnati?  Isn’t  it  just  good  “horse  sense’’  to  keep  all  these 
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We  don’t  ask  yon  to  bny  a  “pig  in  a  poke”.  We  want  you  to  act  with  your  , 
eyes  open— everything  in  plain  sight— know  exactly  what  you  are  doing.  That’s  / 
why  wo  say  to  yon,  “Tost  any  Murray  Pleasure  Vehicle  30  Days  Free  before] 
yon  buy”.  Just,  hitch  up  and  use  it  every  day  for  a  whole  month,  if  you  like,! 
then  make  up  your  mind.  And,  remember,  when  you  do  decide  to  buy  wo  stand 
squarely  behind  you  with  the  famous  Murray  Guarantee  of  Quality. 

The  Wilber  H.  Murray  MTfl  Co.,  308  E.  Filth  SL,  Cincinnati,  Ohio  ^  ^ 

Mail  Coupon  Now! 

We  Want  our  1911  Catalog  +  __  To  | 

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without  obligation  on  my  part. 


Name. 


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I 

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Steel  Wheels 

will  make  yonr  old  farm  wagon  w.  _ 

as  good  asnew.  Save  money  be-  kAAi/ 
cause  they  never  need  repairs.  DUUn 
Write  for  big  free  book  telling  *-i 
,  all  about  them  and  how  they  pay .  r  rPP 
Empire  Ufg.Co.Ilox  0IS-Z  Quincy, III.  *  * 


COOK  YOUR  FEED  and  SAVE 
Half  the  Cost— with  the 

PROFIT  FARM  BOILER 


With  Dumping  Caldron.  Empties 
its  kettlein  one  minute.  Thesimplest 
and  best  arrangement  for  cooking 
food  for  stock.  Also  make  Dairy  and 
Laundry  Stoves,  Water  and 
Steam  Jacket  Kettles,  Hog 
Scalders,  Caldrons. etc.  I2?”Sond 
f  or  particulars  and  ask  forcir  ;ulai,  J 


luivmoxo  OUU  u.uv  xui  oil  lUUtJI  J 

SPEltliV  &  00„  Bat  .via,  1U. 


The  Only  Implement  Necessary 

to  Follow  the  Plow  in  Any  Kind  of  Ground 

Is  the  “  ACM E. ”  It  cuts,  crushes,  levels,  turns  and  smoothes  in  one  operation,  and  thoroughly  works  all  tho  soil. 

Ora  Plowpd  rnrn  Ctllhhlp  the  “ACME”  leaves  trash  burled  after 
■VII  I  EUWCtl  CUl  II  SlllUUie  the  sha.p  sloping  coulters  have  thor¬ 
oughly  sliced  and  cut  it,  where  its  valuable  fertilizing  qua  lilies  are  available.  The  coulters  cut 
through  to  tho  under  soil  leaving  no  lumps  or  air  spaces  between  the  furrow  slices.  The  under 
Boll  is  thoroughly  compacted  and  the  top  soil  left  loose  attracting  and  conserving  all  the  moisture. 


IV1 


Pulverizing  Harrow  Gives  You 
Greatest  Value  lor  Your  Money 


r  because  it  does  more  work  in  the  same  time  than  any  other  Harrow  and  with  the  least  strain 
"on  horses.  The  construction  is  steel  and  iron.  Every  part  warranted.  Sizes  are 
from  3  to  1 7%  ft*  wide — a  size  for  your  requirements.  Get  our  combined  cata~ 
log  and  booklet  from  your  dealer,  our  General  Agents  of  the  home  office. 


DUANE  H.  NASH,  Incorporated 
137  Division  Ave.,  Millington,  N.  J. 

General  Agents, 

JOHN  HhKKK  PLOW  CO. , 

Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


Free  Book 


WALTE 

Here  are  two  machines  that  will  help 
harvest  your  hay  crop  in  less  time 
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The  Admiral  Mower 

is  the  easiest-running,  cleanest  and  most  powerful  cutting  mower  because  no 
other  has  genuine  under-draft,  floating  frame  and  uniform  tilt  of  the  cutter-bar, 
giving  the  greatest  possible  cutting-power  and  without  neck-weight. 

No.  10  Steel  Rake 

is  unequalled  for  long  and  satisfactory  service.  It  is  made  entirely  of 
steel.  Every  tooth  is  individually  held  and  has  a  coil-spring  that  relieves 
strains  and  prevents  breakage.  The  teeth  are  always  under  control.  Wheel 
hubs  are  renewable.  The  No.  10  always  rakes  clean. 

Send  for  our  big  Diamond  Jubilee  Catalog 

which  explains  why  the  Admiral  Mower  and  No.  10  Rake  are  the  best  money  can 
buy  There  are  95  illustrations  of  these  and  other  Wood  Machines  you  should  see. 
Just  send  name  and  address  on  a  postal  and  send  now. 


686 


aaJi«o-*wsn  hh'j? 


rtfit 


382 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  IS, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 

Those  readers  who  have  not  received 
the  annual  index  for  1910  and  desire  a 
copy  will  be  supplied  on  application  to 
The  Rural  New-Yorker. 

We  have  several  inquiries  addressed 
to  this  department,  the  writers  signing 
only  initials  of  their  names.  We  wish 
to  notify  readers  again  that  we  shall 
not  be  able  to  give  attention  to  com¬ 
munications  that  do  not  contain  full 
name  and  address  of  the  writer. 

Our  people  long  since  recognized  the 
moral  principle  in  the  Lewis  case.  When 
the  present  Governmental  inquiry  is 
completed,  we  propose  to  get  the  money 
for  our  people,  if  there  is  anything  left 
to  get.  We  could  and  we  would  do 
that  without  talking  about  it  from  week 
to  week ;  but  the  traditions  we  hand 
down  to  our  children  are  more  import¬ 
ant  than  the  money  we  leave  them.  If 
one  man,  without  truth  or  scruple  or 
honesty  may  rob  country  people  with 
impunity,  others  will  be  found  to  follow 
his  example.  If  such  men  be  allowed  to 
aggrandize  themselves  at  the  expense  of 
those  who  trust  to  their  seductive  prom¬ 
ises,  it  will  be  idle  to  tell  the  children 
of  their  victims  that  truth  and  honesty 
pay  better  than  deceit  and  trickery.  We 
must  not  give  our  children  reason  to 
think  that  we  would  compromise  with 
fraud,  nor  that  we  would  tolerate  the 
rogue.  The  farm  home  is  the  fountain 
head  of  truth  and  integrity,  and  we  want 
him  who  would  invade  its  sacred  pre¬ 
cincts  with  sinister  intent  to  understand 
that  his  success  earns  for  himself  the 
scorn  and  contempt  of  decent  people 
everywhere. 

I  enclose  an  advertisement  of  N.  Collins 
Smith,  Amenia  Union,  N.  V.,  cut  from  a 
local  paper.  I  would  like  the  opinion  of 
The  It.  N.-Y.  on  it.  Is  it  trustworthy  ? 

Connecticut.  D-  E-  B- 

This  is  an  advertisement  of  a  local 
land  proposition  at  West  Brownsville, 
N.  Y.,  where  it  is  claimed  the  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  Railroad  is  making  some  improve¬ 
ments.  We  don’t  know  much  about 
West  Brownsville,  and  we  do  not  know 
what  the  railroad  company  is  doing 
there,  but  we  know  the  advertisement 
has  all  the  allurements  of  the  ordinary 
land  promotion  schemes,  with  some  new 
and  original  ones  of  its  own.  They  would 
like  to  make  you  think  that  you  can  put 
$790  into  a  lot,  and  if  you  dream  strong 
enough  about  profits,  you  will  wake  up 
some  morning  and  find  yourself  rich. 
From  our  experience  of  land  proposi¬ 
tions  in  the  past,  we  would  advise  our 
Connecticut  friend  to  keep  his  money 
and  center  his  dreams  on  something 
nearer  home. 

Would  you  try  to  recover  the  money  I 
sent  Dr.  J.  T.  ‘McClanahan  of  Roonville, 
Mo.?  I  enclose  paid  hank  check  to  the 
amount  of  $25  which  I  sent  him.  It  was 
for  a  supposed  reorganization  of  a  mining 
company.  I  am  enclosing  you  circular  and 
would  like  to  know  what  you  think  about 
it.  The  doctor  is  supposed  to  be  quite 
wealthy.  a.  f.  k. 

Minnesota. 

It  is  utterly  impossible  to  get  anything 
out  of  claims  like  this,  and  we  refer  to 
them  only  to  emphasize  that  fact  to  peo¬ 
ple  who  may  be  tempted  with  new 
propositions.  It  does  not  make  any  dif¬ 
ference  whether  the  promoter  is  rich  or 
poor — an  honorable  member  of  society 
or  an  acknowledged  crook.  As  far  as 
you  are  concerned  the  results  are  al¬ 
ways  the  same.  You  part  with  your 
money  and  don’t  get  anything  of  value 
in  return,  except  the  promises  of  profit 
which  you  always  digest  before  you  part 
with  the  money.  If  you  want  to  save 
yourself  trouble  leave  get-rich-quick 
propositions  alone. 

We  have  accepted  $1,000  in  settlement 
of  our  claim  against  the  Syracuse  Breed¬ 
ers’  Association.  II.  E.  lvinne,  Jr.  We  are 
losing  27  per  cent,  of  our  original  check 
and  the  expense  we  went  to,  yet  I  am 
positive  of  the  fact  that  had  it  not  been 
for  you  it  would  have  all  been  lost.  Each 
of  the  parties  here  more  than  thanks  you 
for  the  assistance  you  have  given  us  and 
if  you  will  kindly  inform  us  as  to  your 
charge  it  will  be  paid.  d.  d.  h. 

Virginia. 

We-  don’t  know  how  much,  if  any, 
credit  is  due  The  R.  N.-Y.  for  the  set¬ 
tlement  of  this  claim,  which  grew  out  of 
a  purchase  of  live  stock  amounting  to 
$1,170  in  November,  1909.  The  cows 
were  purchased  on  a  definite  specifica¬ 
tion,  including  veterinary  certificate. 
They  were,  however,  held  up  in  transit 
at  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  some  of  them 
condemned  and  slaughtered.  The  animals 
that  passed  the  test  were  not  considered 
up  to  the  -specification,  and  were  refused 
and  ultimately  sold  by  the  transportation 
company  for  charges.  Demand  was  made 
by  the  purchaser  for  redress,  but  no  set¬ 
tlement  was  effected.  It  was  sent  to  us 
in  November  last,  just  a  year  after  the 
transaction.  The  correspondence  showed 
that  representations  were  made  at  the 
time  of  the  sale  that  prominent  and  re¬ 
sponsible  dealers  were  members  of  the 
association,  and  the  information  by  a 


commercial  agency  verified  this  state¬ 
ment.  The  breeders,  however,  deny  any 
responsibility  for  the  association.  We 
thought  the  situation  justified  vigorous 
demand  for  settlement.  Some  corre¬ 
spondence  resulted,  but  the  settlement 
was  adjusted  through  attorneys,  as  in¬ 
timated  above,  direct  with  the  complain¬ 
ant.  It  was  reported  in  local  papers  in 
January  that  a  New  York  farmer  had 
sent  the  association  $520  for  cattle,  and 
that  he  did  not  receive  either  the  cattle 
or  the  return  in  money  until  a  warrant 
was  issued  for  Kinne’s  arrest.  It  is  al¬ 
leged  that  a  settlement  of  the  case  was 
then  made.  At  the  time  of  the  or¬ 
ganization  of  the  association  we  had  an 
order  for  advertising  it.  We,  however, 
demanded  the  guarantee  of  some  re¬ 
sponsible  breeder  or  party  for  the  proper 
conduct  of  the  business.  As  this  was  de¬ 
clined  we  refused  to  accept  the  advertis¬ 
ing  which,  however,  seems  to  have 
found  a  ready  acceptance  in  farm  papers 
generally. 

Your  very  prompt  letters  replying  to  our 
eager  questions  were  received,  and  we  feel 
exceedingly  thankful  to  you  for  each  re¬ 
spective  guidance  to  the  safe  side.  As 
alreadv  written  you,  our  problem  was  to 
rescue  a  neighbor  farmer  from  going  into 
that  Chicago’s  shark’s  mouth,  even  after 
our  neighbor  had  sold  off  all  his  herd  of 
cows  and  a  barn  of  hay  preparing  to  go  to 
destruction  and  lose,  eventually,  his  $10,000 
farm  and  home.  Hurrah !  We  win,  and 
he  and  his  wife  arc  off  for  a  week's  vaca¬ 
tion  to  give  their  minds  time  to  reach  an 
equilibrium  after  such  a  narrow  escape ; 
guess  they  are  pretty  well  shattered  for  a 
few  days  and  may  he  a  little  longer.  They 
were  snatched  from  next  to  death.  Whew  ! 
You  don't  know.  Our  interference  was  the 
“fault’’  of  our  reading  Publisher’s  Desk 
column  in  The  It.  N.-Y.  If  we  had  not 
been  reading  that  regularly,  a  $10,000 
home  aud  farm  would  have  passed  out  of 
town,  I  guess.  We  are  certainly  thank¬ 
ful  to  you.  B.  B. 

Connecticut. 

It  seems  impossible  that  a  man  with 
a  $10,000  farm  and  home  would  be  al¬ 
lured  by  the  proposition  referred  to, 
but  so  it  is.  Let  no  one  criticise  se¬ 
verely.  These  propositions  are  alluring 
and  proposed  with  an  apparent  fair¬ 
ness  that  disarms  suspicion.  The  scheme 
is  usually  to  invest  money  in  a  busi¬ 
ness  and  become  a  partner  or  State  rep¬ 
resentative.  The  dupe  has  a  snap  job 
for  a  few  weeks,  but  soon  finds  himself 
without  an  income.  It  is  a  satisfaction 
to  shut  off  a  game  of  the  kind  occa¬ 
sionally,  and  such  frank  and  grateful 
acknowledgment  of  the  service  makes 
one  feel  that  the  work  has  not  been  in 
vain. 

Could  you  collect  $6  aud  the  interest 
due  me  from  the  Inter-State  Employment 
Exchange  of  Geneva,  N.  Y.  The  amount 
was  paid  them  March  12,  1910,  to  procure 
me  help  for  the  season.  I  did  not  get  the 
help  nor  the  money  back.  E.  C.  C. 

New  York. 

The  order  was  acknowledged  on 
March  14,  and  promise  made  that  the 
help  would  be  on  hand  during  the  week. 
On  April  1  a  reply  signed  by  F.  J. 
Keeton  stated  that  the  business  had  re¬ 
cently  changed  hands,  but  promised  to 
return  the  money  if  satisfactory  help 
was  not  secured.  Again  on  April  5  a 
letter  signed  by  Roy  Satterly  made 
apologies  for  the  delay  and  promised  to 
make  the  deal  perfectly  satisfactory. 
Again  on  April  23  he  was  advised  in  a 
letter  signed  by  F.  J.  Keeton  to  hire  his 
own  help  if  he  could  and  the  money 
would  be  returned.  Then  on  June  1 
explanation  is  made  by  George  G.  Good¬ 
elle  about  previous  managements  and  ex¬ 
plaining  that  Mr.  Roy  Satterly  previously 
owned  the  business  and  had  suddenly 
disappeared  and  that  he  alone  being  re¬ 
sponsible  the  correspondent  would  have 
to  look  to  Mr.  Satterly  for  it.  In  a 
letter  to  us  of  November  20  Mr.  Keeton 
states  that  George  G.  Goodelle  was  the 
owner  of  the  Inter-State  Employment 
Exchange  at  the  time  the  money  was 
paid,  and  that  he,  Keeton,  did  not  buy 
the  business  until  March  10  fellowing. 
He  states  that  the  books  in  the  office 
show  that  the  remittance  was  received 
by  Mr.  Goodelle.  Mr.  Keeton  thinks  we 
violated  the  law  in  writing  him  about 
his  promise,  and  states  that  he  is  going 
to  keep  the  correspondence  for  further 
use.  Mr.  Goodelle,  on  the  other  hand, 
writes  us  November  23  that  the  owner 
of  the  Inter-State  Employment  Exchange 
on  March  12,  1910,  was  Le  Roy  Sat¬ 
terly,  who  purchased  the  business  from 
him  about  a  year  previous,  and  says  that 
the  county  clerk’s  office  will  prove  his 
statement.  He  concludes  his  letter  with 
the  following  paragraph : 

T  wish  to  warn  you  that  if  you  publish 
or  cause  to  be  published  anything  detri¬ 
mental  to  me  I  will  take  action  against 
you.  and  I  will  go  the  limit. 

The  records  simply  show  the  helpless¬ 
ness  of  a  farmer  in  a  transaction  of  the 
kind.  The  business  seemed  to  have  been 
bought  and  sold  by  these  parties  on  their 
own  statements.  It  is  not  clear  that 
either  Mr.  Keeton  or  Mr.  Goodelle  .  are 
responsible  for  this  remittance,  hut  it  is 
very  clear  that  the  farmer  is  out  his  $6 
in  the  transaction.  j.  j.  d. 


THE  SU 


Farmer's  Bulletin  No.  236  on  Incubation  and 
Incubators,  issued  by  the  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture  describes  a 
perfect  incubator.  In  so  doing  it  describes  the  SURE  HATCH  as 
faithfully  as  though  the  writer  had  a  SURE  HATCH  INCUBATOR  stand¬ 
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"The  top  should  be  smooth  and  unincumbered.” 

‘‘No  machine  is  complete  without  nursery  and  chicK  tray.” 
‘‘Best  regulator  is  double  disc.” 

"Body  should  be  of  unshrinkable  material.” 

“Walls  must  be  airtight  and  have  dead  air  space  between.” 
“Must  have  double  doors  perfectly  fitted.” 

The  SURE  HATCH  is  the  only  incubator  having  every  feature  required  in  a  perfect  incubator. 

Double  redwood  walls  with  dead  air  space  between;  dependable  hot  water  heating  system, 
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not  equalled  in  any  other  incubator.  The 


SURE,  HATCH 

against  disappointment  by  getting  a  SURE  HATCH,  the  inc 

of  Tiatching  more  healthy  chicks  than  any  other 


cannot  fail  to 
hatch  all  fertile 
eggs.  Insure 
_  a  SURE  HATCH,  the  incubator  that  has 

earned  its  reputation  of  Tiatching  more  healthy  chicks  than  any  oth 
incubator  made.  TRY  A  SURE  HATCH  60  DAYS  FREE.  We 
guarantee  satisfaction  and  pay  the  freight.  Send  today  for  our 
Free  Sure  Hatch  Book  containing  valuable  information. 

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Box  44  Fremont,  Neb. 


POULTRY  SUPPLIES  | 

Everything  for  the  poultryman  at  low  prices:  Auto¬ 
matic  Feeders,  Hall  Mammoth  and  Model  Incuba¬ 
tors,  Feed,  Remedies,  Hcn-e-ta,  Rat  Corn,  Liverine, 
LegBands,etc.  Prompt  shipments.  W  rite  forcatalog. 

HARRIES  &  BENEDICT  CO.  67lMc^sr- 

Bonnie  Brae  White  Leg- 
horns  and  Pekin  Ducks  Si 

ready:  also  some  choice  matings  of  Barred  and 
White  Plymouth  Rocks,  Rose  Comb  White  Leg¬ 
horns,  White  Wyandottes,  Single  and  Rose  Comb 
Rhode  Island  Reds,  Light  Brahmas,  Mammoth 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Pearl  Guinea  Fowl.  Orders 
for  early  settings  and  baby  chicks  now  booked. 
Get  some  prize  matings  at  right  prices.  BONNIE 
BRAE  POULTRY  FARM,  NEW  ROCHELLE,  N  Y.  Largest 
successful  plant  in  New  York  vicinity.  10,000-egg 
capacity.  Agents  for  Cyphers  Incubator  Company. 
Correspondence  invited. 

MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1844 
R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  GO.,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 

RICHLAND  FARMS. 

Breeders  and  Exhibitors  of 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS, 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS, 

S.  C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS. 
Our  Prices  Hatching  Eggs— S.  C.  White  Leghorns— One 
setting,  15  eggs,  $2;  two  settings,  30  eggs,  $3.50; 
three  settings,  45  eggs,  $4.75;  one  hundred  eggs,  $8; 
one  thousand  eggs,  $70.  White  Plymouth  Rocks  and  S.  C. 
Black  Orpingtons— Ono  setting,  15  eggs,  $2.50  and  $5; 
one  hundred  eggs,  $14  and  $28.  Fertility  Guaranteed. 

Our  Prices  Baby  Chicks— S.  C.  White  Leghorns— Fifty  or 
less,  each,  20  cents;  one  hundred,  $15;  ono  thousand, 
$125.  White  Plymouth  Rocks  and  S.  C.  Black  Orpinqtons— 
Fifty  or  loss,  each,  30  cents;  one  bundled,  $25,  Wo 
guarantee  safe  arrival  of  CHICKS  in  first-class 
condition. 

RICHLAND  FARMS',  Frederick,  Md 

TUP  PPI  PRRATPn  HUNGARIAN  ANO  ENGLISH 
IflC  OCLUDnAICU  PARTRIDGES  AND  PHEASANTS 

Wiki  turkeys,  quails,  rabbits,  deer,  etc.,  for  stock¬ 
ing  purposes.  Fancy  pheasants,  peafowl,  cranes, 
swans,  storks,  ornamental  geese  and  ducks,  foxes, 
squirrels,  ferrets,  and  all  kinds  of  birds  and  ani¬ 
mals.  WENZ  &  MACKENSEN,  Dept.  10,  Plieas- 
antry  and  Game  Park,  Yardley,  Pa. 

RIAWT  RRHN7P  turkey  eggs,  $3.00  per 

Ulrtl'l  1  DnUlILL  10;  Rose  Comb  R.  I.  Red 
Eggs,  $1.00  per  15:  Indian  Runner  Duck  Eggs.  $1.00 
per  10.  SHROPSHIRE  SHEEP. 

H.  J.  VAN  DYKE,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

WHO  AND  BRONZE  TURKEY  EGGS-Chicken  E00s.  Hand- 

if - — -  some  Catalog  2  ct. 

stamp,  showing  pure  wild  gobbler  from  the  moun¬ 
tain.  VALLEY  VIEW  POULTRY  FARM,  Belleville,  Pa. 

WIT,  PLEASANT  FARM 

A  b  reeding  establishment  of  250  acres, 
devoted  to  developing  the  best 

S.  C.  W.  IiEGHORKTS 

Fine  Breeding  Cockerels  at  reasonable  prices. 

MT.  PLEASANT  FARM,  Box  Y,  HAVRE  DE  GRACE,  Maryland. 

CINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS— Hatching  eggs  from 
U  vigorous  birds  a  specialty.  Quality  kind  at 
right  prices.  Famous  Lakewood  strain. 

SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington,  N.  J. 

IA/HITE  HOLLAND  TURKEYS  from  prize 
11  winners  at  bargain  prices.  White  Wyandotte 
eggs  for  hatching.  H.  W.  Anderson,  Stewartstown,  Pa. 

Indian  Runner  Ducks“£,"  u,“«555: 

Eggs,  $1.50  per  13;  $8.00  per  100.  F.  J.  FULLER, 
Waterport,  Orleans  County,  New  York. 

INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS-Black  Langshan  Eggs  for 

1  sale.  J.  GORDON  DRAKE,  Port  Huron,  Mich. 

UIHITE  EGG  STRAIN  INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS— Tlior- 
II  oughbred,  vigorous  birds.  Wonderful  layers 
of  large  white  eggs;  mated  with  imported  drakes, 
well  marked,  fawn  and  white;  $2.00  for  12;  Buff 
Orpingtons,  $1 .50  for  15.  Liberal  discount  for  incu- 
batoreggs.  On  Kitin'  Hill  Farms,  Pittstown,  N.  J. 

FARM  BRED  POULTRY-FREE  RANGE 

Partridge  Cochins,  White  Itocks,  Barred 
Rocks,  Partridge  Wyandottes.  Prize  win¬ 
ning  strains.  Stock  and  eggs. 

MINCH  BROS.,  R-a,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

Pure  White  PLYMOUTH  ROCK  EGGS 

For  hatching,  bred  directly  from  the  Graves  strain: 
acknowledged-  everywhere  as  the  leading  strain  of 
this  popular  variety.  No  pains  or  expense  has 
geen  spared  in  obtaining  and  mating  up  some 
brand  birds. 

Exhibition  Mating.... $4.00  per  15 

Utility  Mating .  2.00  per  15 

A  few  choice  Cockerels  for  sale  cheap. 
MRS.  C.  S.  GREENE, 

New  Rrigliton,  Staten  Island,  New  York 

Buff,  Wh.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  8.  C.  It.  I.  Red. 
Eggs.  90c.  per  16,  $1.50  per  30.  $2.75  per  60,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  Pa. 

THE  FARMER'S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 

1  layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER.  Route],  Uicliland,  N.  Y. 

□  mil  TDYMCM- 8end  10  cents  for  our  flneGO- 
rU  U  L  1  M  1  IY!  Lll  pnge  Illustrated  Catalogue. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Marietta,  Pa. 

'THOROUGH  BRED  POULTRY— Best  twenty  varieties. 
A  Good  stock.  Eggs,  15,  $1;  40.  $2.  Catalogue. 
H.  K.  MOHR,  Quakertown,  Pa.,  Route  3. 

S.C.  RHODE  ISLAND  REDS  £Nl®k 

At  The  Horseshoe  Road  Poultry  Farm  JJJfees.™  rAddress 
WM.  R.  BURKHOLDER,  Box  152,  R.  5,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

1)  n  HO $1.00 — Leading  varieties,  62  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
ZU  try,  P-igeops,. Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Large  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 

Davis  S,  C,  Reds  8ST  COCKERELS 

$3  and  $5  each.  EGGS  FOR  HATCHING. 

BABY  CHICKS— $15  and  $20  per  100  after  March  1. 

BOOK  ORDERS  NOW.  Davis  Poultry  Farm,  Berlin,  Mass. 

Pn|||  TRY — 35  ®est  Breeds.  Bred  for  Laying. 
rUULI  il  I  Large  circular  illustrated  in  colors 
Free.  JOHN  E.  HEATWOLE,  Harrisonburg,  Va. 

QIKGLfcCOM  1)  White  Orpingtons,  Kellcrstiftss  strain.  Eggs  for 
O  hutching  $3  per  15;  from  prize  winning  stock,  three  cockerels 
$5  each.  W.  A.  KAISEK,  2703  Jamaica  A vc.,  Kh  hmond  Hiil,L  I. 

Aiiot jn’q  S.  C.  R.  1.  REDS— 200-egg  strain.  Eggs, 
$1.50  per  setting.  Prices  on  quantities. 
AUSTIN  POULTRY  FARM,  Centre  Harbor,  N.  H. 

CnpQ  FOR  HATCHING,  from  big,  vigorous,  farm-raised 
LUGO  Barred  Rocks.  $5  ner  10(1;  Pullets,  $2  each. 
G.  T.  HUGHES,  Watclnmg,  New  Jersey. 

Eggs  For  Hatching-}!,',,!;;, 

Indian  Runner  Ducks.  High-class  stock — 
utility,  show  or  export  SINCLAIR  SMITH,  602 
Fifth  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Q  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS— Exclusively.  Eggs  from  prov- 
ui  en  best  payers.  WYCKOFF’S  STRAIN— “Bred  to 
Lav  and  Thoroughbred.”  On  360  A.  free  range. 

LAKEVIEW  FARM.  Eggs  and  Stock,  R.  F.  0.  2,  Peekskill.  N.  Y. 

To  Move  Quickly  Cost-Weand  B  Le; 

horns,  S.  L.  and  W.  Wyandottes,  R.  and  S.  0. 
Reds,  W.  and  Barred  Rocks.  Write  for  just  what 
von  want  in  vour  first  letter  and  we  will  lie  sure  to 
please  you.  MAPLE  COVE  POULTRY  YARDS,  Athens,  Pa, 

S.  C.  White  Leghorn  BABY  CHICKS 

$10  per  100  in  any  quantity.  Breeders  are  vigorous 
yearlings  and  2-year-olds.  Circular.  VANC’REST 
POULTRY  FARM,  Salt  Point,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y. 

flAY-OLI)  CHICKS— S.  C.  W.  Leghorns,  _$12 
U  per  100;  s.  C.  R.  I.  Reds,  $15  per  100.  Hatching 
eggs,  exhibition  and  utility.  THE  WINONA 
FARMS,  Drawer  272,  Lansdale,  Pa. 

Greidcr’s  Fine  Catalogue  * 

of  pure  bred  poultry,  for  1911,  over  200 

pages,  57  colored  pictures  of  fowls,  calen- 

darfor  each  month,  illustrations,  descrip- 

tions,  photos,  incubators,  brooders,  and 

all  details  concerning  the  business,  where  V 

and  how  to  buy  fine  poultry,  eggs  for 

batching,  supplies,  etc.,  at  lowest  cost. 

Send  15c.  B.  H.  Greider,  Box  58 ,  Rheems.  Pa.  £5r 

EMPIRE  STATE  S.  C. WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Winners  at  N.  Y.  State  Fair.  Heavy  layers;  trios, 
$5.  Eggs  for  hatching,  $1  for  15,  $5  for  100.  Cata¬ 
logue  free.  C.  H.  ZIMMER,  Weedsport,  N.  Y. 

1911. 


THE  RURAI>  NEW-YORKER 


383 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  March  18,  1911. 
FARM  TOFICS. 


Use  of  Plaster;  Seeding  Rape .  346 

The  Tale  of  a  Seed  Agent .  346 

More  Michigan  Potato  Diggers .  346 

Asparagus  Culture  for  Profit .  347 

Onions  from  Sets .  348 

Draining  Barn  Basement .  348 

Onions  and  Celery  on  Sod .  348 

Treatment  of  a  Wheatfield . 348 

Soaking  Potato  Seed .  348 

Value  of  Fertilizer .  350 

Vetch  for  Heavy  Soils .  350 

Western  Tomato  Yields .  351 

Second-growth  Timothy .  351 

Exterminating  Thistles .  351 

Rent  for  Land .  352 

The  Use  of  Tankage .  352 

IIow  He  Kills  Quack  Grass .  352 

Manure,  Ashes  and  Bone. . .  354 

Rye  or  Oats .  301 

Facts  About  Virginia .  361 

More  About  Manure  Spreaders .  361 

Nightsoil  . 361 

Hope  Farm  Notes .  .  362 

Seed  Drill;  Vetch . 365 

Checkers  Start  a  Farmers’  Institute...  369 
City  Manure  and  Fertilizer .  374 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

More  About  that  Horse  company .  368 

Care  of  Winter  Lambs .  368 

How  Process  Butter  is  Made .  369 

Stiffness  in  Mare .  369 

Scours  .  36!) 

Colt  with  Cataract .  369 

Cow  with  Itching  Skin;  Branding .  369 

Summer  Silage  without  a  Silo.  Part  II.  370 

Lice  on  Calves .  370 

Rickets  .  370 

Rape  as  a  Pasture  for  Sheep  and  Hogs  371 

Milk  .  372 

Dairying  in  North  Dakota .  372 

What  Is  Milk .  372 

Copperas  for  Congested  Udder .  372 

4  The  Cow  vs.  the  Hen .  374 

A  Large  Mink  Story .  374 

Ailing  Cow .  375 

Sick  Mare .  375 

Bone  Spavin .  375 

Scurf  on  Hogs .  375 

Ringworm  .  375 

Thrush  . 375 

Ration  for  Holsteins .  376 

Ration  for  Milch  Cows .  376 

Idee  on  Cattle;  Insufficient  Ration....  376 

Ration  for  Guernseys .  376 

Distillers’  or  Brewers’  Grains .  376 

Handy  Poultry  House.  Part  II .  378 

Early  Hatched  Leghorn  Pullets .  378 

Vertigo  in  Fowls .  379 

Ivouse  Killer  for  Poultry .  379 

Soil-sprouted  Oats  for  Hens .  380 

Caring  for  Little  Chicks .  380 

Minorcas  or  Leghorns .  380 

Figuring  on  Hens .  380 

Eggs  in  December .  380 

Those  .$12  Hens .  381 

Introducing  Mrs.  Houdan  lien .  381 

That  Open  Front  House .  381 

Sprouted  Oats  Sod . 381 

HORTICULTURE. 

The  Best  Stock  for  Cherries . 345,  346 

Iieasing  Orchard  Land .  349 

A  Tomato  Grower  Talks .  349 

Sediment  in  Lime-sulphur .  350 

American  Pomological  Meeting .  351 

The  Himalaya  Berry .  351 

Origin  of  the  Apple .  352 

Transplanting  Privet  Hedge .  352 

The  Prune  in  Western  Washington  and 

Oregon  .  353 

Experience  with  Cherry  Tree .  353 

Keeping  Turnip- rooted  Parsley .  353 

An  Apple  Orchard  in  South  Indiana...  353 

Orchard  Heating  in  California .  355 

Orchard  and  Farm  Fertility .  355 

A  Jerseyman  and  His  Garden .  356 

Nut  Growing  in  the  North.  Part  II...  357 

Fruits  for  Wisconsin .  360 

General  Questions  About  Lime-sulphur.  360 

Strawberries  in  Arkansas .  363 

New  Head  on  Old  Trees .  363 

Nitrate  of  Soda  for  Strawberries .  363 


WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 


From  Day  to  Day . 

The  Rural  Patterns . 

Beginning  to  Know  Birds . 

How  to  Preserve  Goose  Grease . 

Buckwheat  Griddle  Cakes . 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

The  Struggle  with  an  Express  Com¬ 
pany  . 

A  Master  of  “Guff” . 

Natural  Brace  for  Gate  Post . 

Pumping  Questions  . 

Editorials  . . 

Other  People’s  Money . 

Events  of  the  Week . 

Life  in  Western  Nebraska . .  . 

Syphoning  Water  . 

Products,  Prices  and  Trade . 

Farmer  on  Reciprocity . 

Publisher’s  Desk . 


366 

366 

367 
367 
367 


347 

349 

360 

361 

364 

365 
365 
365 
365 
379 
379 
382 


Peach  Yellows  and  Lime-sulphur. 

naye  there  been  any  experiments  madi 
with  the  lime-sulphur  spray  to  determini 
whether  it  will  prevent  or  cure  the  neacl 
yellows  if  used  in  time?  H  b  s 

Cuyahoga  Co.,  O. 

We  think  such  experiments  have  beei 
used,  but  it  will  not  cure  a  case  of  genu 
ine  “yellows.”  Even  the  scientific  men  an 
not  yet  sure  just  what  the  disease  is. 

Core  Rot  in  Winter  Banana  Apples. 

My  Winter  Banana  apples  are  troublec 
with  a  rot  which  appears  to  start  at  th< 
core  and  spread  through  the  fruit.  Is  li 
characteristic  of  the  variety?  What  cai 

b01LPC’ne?.  READER. 

Massachusetts. 

,U1  have  had  no  personal  experience  witt 
this  trouble  in  apples.  I  have,  however 
seen  much  of  a  similar  trouble  in  Clapp’i 
favorite  pear.  This  develops  core  ro 
immediately  after  maturing  and  while  stil 
hanging  to  the  tree,  as  you  probably 

t.m?hi  This^  ls  Pure]y  a  physiologies 
trouble  in  the  case  of  the  pear,  due  t< 

tne  fact  that  the  tissues  ripen  and  breal 
down  at  the  heart  before  they  do  at  th< 
surface  of  the  fruit.  There  are  no  para 
sitlc  organisms  directly  responsible  for  it 
in  +», therefore  to  be  regarded  as  a  defecl 
variety>  for  which  there  is  n< 
remedy  As  1  said,  I  have  no  persona 
knowledge  of  the  Winter  Banana  apple 
but  I  suspect  the  trouble  may  be  of  thi 
same  nature.  If  so,  it  is  enough  to  mak! 
varlety  unsuited  for  commercial  cul 

Wisconsin.  Plant  Pathologist. 


Lime  On  Alfalfa. 

Is  it  necessary  to  put  lime  on  Alfalfa 
after  it  is  growing?  The  land  had  plenty 
put  in  when  sown  with  .Alfalfa.  The  plants 
are  not  quite  two  years  old.  G.  h.  l. 

New  York. 

Yes,  if  the  land  is  sour,  though  usually 
Alfalfa  would  not  start  and  live  two  years 
on  soil  that  needed  lime.  The  way  to  lime 
Alfalfa  is  to  use  it  heavily  before  seeding 
and  work  the  lime  into  the  soil ;  using  it  on 
the  sod  rarely  pays. 

Oats  and  Peas  for  Hay  and  Grain. 

I  heard  a  man  say  that  he  planted  oats 
and  Soy  peas  together,  and  when  ripe  har¬ 
vested  same  as  hay,  and  then  thrashed  out 
oats  and  peas  and  used  balance  as  hay.  Is 
such  a  thing  possible,  or  is  combination  cut 
when  green  and  cured  and  used  same  as 
hay?  j.  v.  T. 

You  probably  mean  Canada  field  peas 
and  oats.  Soy  beans  would  not  do  to  sow 
early.  The  peas  and  oats  may  be  ripened, 
cut  like  grass  or  like  other  grain  and  then 
thrashed.  We  think  it  more  profitable  to 
cut  and  cure  them  like  hay  before  the  peas 
or  oats  become  hard. 

Applying  Soluble  Oil. 

I  have  applied  the  soluble  oil  spray  to 
some  fruit  trees  for  the  San  Jose  scale. 
The  spray  froze  upon  the  trees ;  will  this 
destroy  its  efficiency?  Would  it  be  better 
to  apply  on  a  warm  day  in  order  to  do  the 
business?  s.  o. 

It  is  not  safe  to  spray  In  freezing  weath¬ 
er.  The  liqu'd  freezing  on  the  buds  is 
liable  to  kill  them  and  the  oil  will  not  be 
fully  effective.  The  best  time  to  spray  the 
oil  is  on  a  warm,  bright  day  when  the 
water  will  evaporate. 

Newspaper  Fertilizer. 

Can  you  tell  me  if  anything  can  be  done 
with  accumulated  newspapers,  in  the  way 
of  making  garden  manure  from  it,  perhaps 
with  the  aid  of  garbage  of  small  quantities? 
The  latter  I  collect  and  expect  to  use  after 
decomposed.  I  get  plenty  of  newspapers 
daily  and  generally  burn  burn  it  up,  but 
would  like  it  to  make  fertilizer  for  my 
small  vegetable  garden.  a.  f.  w. 

It  is  doubtful  if  the  newspapers  would 
be  worth  the  cost  of  handling  for  fertilizer. 
There  is  not  much  plant  food  in  them. 
You  can  slowly  decay  them  by  mixing  with 
garbage  or  manure,  but  old  sods  or  ordinary 
rubbish  will  give  you  more  plant  food. 

Best  Slope  for  Orchard. 

Would  quite  a  steep  side  hill  lying  to 
the  south  be  a  desirable  place  for  an 
orchard  where  there  are  a  number  of 
seedling  apple  trees?  Some  one  has  told 
me  a  northern  or  western  exposure  was 
better  and  not  as  apt  to  be  damaged  by 
frost  in  the  Spring.  v.  H. 

Schoharie,  N.  Y. 

The  west  and  north  slopes  are  better 
than  the  south.  The  chief  reason  is  that 
on  the  south  slopes  the  buds  are  likely 
to  open  and  bloom  earlier  and  are  thus 
more  likely  to  be  caught  by  a  late  frost. 
On  the  north  and  west  the  buds  are  slower 
to  start. 

Crop  to  Replace  Onions 

Some  of  the  onion  growers  west  of 
here  who  have  been  knocked  out  by  the 
maggot,  smut  and  scullions,  are  debating 
as  to  what  is  best  to  put  on  this  rich 
ground.  It  has  been  heavily  fertilized 
with  manure  and  commercial  fertilizers 
and  lime.  A  few  are  going  to  try  Al¬ 
falfa — a  number  of  patches  hereabouts  are 
doing  well  after  careful  nursing.  Would 
deep  subsoil  plowing,  with  lime,  help;  and 
would  the  drains  have  to  come  up? 

Erie,  I’a.  j.  l.  p. 

Subsoiling  and  lime  will  help  any  Al¬ 
falfa  field.  Let  the  drains  stay.  The 
roots  will  not  work  into  them  unless  they 
run  water  all  the  time— as  from  a  spring 
or  pond. 

Manured  Crop  After  Wheat. 

On  page  165  I  notice  you  invite  dis¬ 
cussion  on  changing  a  Pennsylvania  rota¬ 
tion.  I  will  give  my  experience.  E.  G. 
says  he  proposes  to  plow  sod  down  and 
sow  to  wheat,  then  after  wheat  is  har¬ 
vested  sow  something  to  plow  down  for 
corn.  If  he  wants  to  get  a  good  growth 
to  plow  down,  let  him  plow  the  sod  as 
soon  as  possible  after  haying  and  sow 
buckwheat,  one-half  bushel  to  the  acre ; 
cover  buckwheat  well,  then  sow  one  pound 
Cow-horn  turnip  seed  and  two  pounds  of 
Dwarf  Essex  rape  per  acre,  and  cover 
lightly.  He  will  then  get  a  mass  of  vege¬ 
tation  to  plow  under  the  following  Spring 
for  corn  that  ls  surprising,  even  on  poor 
soil.  The  advantage  of  this  plan  is  that 
the  rotation  need  not  be  changed  at  all, 
the  ground  is  fully  protected,  besides 
weeds  havd  no  chance  at  all,  as  thp 
buckwheat  will  cover  the  ground  in  a 
very  short  time.  This  will  give  plenty 
of  time  after  haying  to  get  these  crops  in. 
The  buckwheat  will  freeze  with  the  first 
heavy  frost,  then  the  turnips  and  rape 
will  grow  until  the  ground  freezes. 

Lititz,  Pa.  l.  b.  h. 

Success  with  Speltz. 

On  page  192  you  asked  any  of  your  read¬ 
ers  to  give  their  experience  if  they  had 
grown  speltz  in  the  East.  We  sowed  two 
bushels  speltz  last  April  on  clay  loam.  It 
grew  finely  to  a  height  of  2^  to  three  or 
more  feet.  Straw  was  bright  as  could  be 
and  the  horses  ate  it  as  well  as  Timothy 
hay ;  did  not  leave  an  inch  of  straw.  We 
fed_  the  grain  whole  to  horses,  not  one 
grain  passed  them  whole.  Same  horses  when 
fed  oats  seemed  to  leave  half  of  them  or 
more  whole  or  not  chewed  at  all.  I 
have  been  told  that  Russians  farming  in 
North  Dakota  raise  large  quantities  of 
spelts  and  say  it  is  the  only  grain  fit  to 
feed  a  horse.  The  single  grain  ls  larger 
than  barley  and  usually  two  together,  which 
perhaps  causes  the  horse  to  chew  it  bet¬ 
ter.  It  will  stand  cold,  wet  weather  bet¬ 
ter  than  any  Spring-sown  grain  I  ever  saw. 
It  remained  a  dark  green  all  the  time  when 
the  oats  alongside  became  yellow,  with 
some  red  leaves,  which  died  later ;  we 
thought  because  of  excessive  wet  and  cold  ; 
the  oats  straw  rusted,  speltz  was  entirely 
free  from  rust  and  bright  as  a  new  silver 
dollar.  I  saw  by  the  report  from  a  State 
experiment  station  that  speltz  straw  was 
equal  to  or  -better  than  Timothy  hay 
Germantown,  N.  Y.  H  c  H 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  gu*arautee  page  20. 


EASY  MONEY 

We  want  a  responsible  agent  in  your  com¬ 
munity  to  handle  local  sales  for  us,  direct 
from  factory  to  home.  T1  his  is  an  opportunity 
for  you  to  save  yourself  or  friends  the  dealer’s 
large  profits  on  a  High  Grade  Piano. 
Straight  from  the  maker  to  the  home  on 
thirty  days’  free  trial.  Send  stamp  at  once 
for  Beautiful  Illustrated  Catalogue  and 
special  agents’  proposition. 

F.  J.  HAGGERTY  CO. 

Manufacturers — Distributers 
High-Grade  Pianos 
WARREN,  PENNSYLVANIA 


THE  BEST  U. GHT 


Absolutely  safe.  Makes  and  burns  its  own 
gas.  Brilliant  600  candle  power  light. 
Casts  no  shadow.  Costs  2  cents  per 
week.  No  smoke,  grease,  nor  odor.  Over 
200  styles.  Every  lamp  warranted.  Agent* 
wanted.  Write  for  catalog. 

THE  BEST  LIGHT  CO. 

401  E.  5th  St.,  Canton,  O, 


DO  YOU  NEED  FARM  HELP? 

The  Jewish  Agricultural  and  Industrial  Aid 
Society  has  on  Its  ilsts  men  wishing  to  obtain  em¬ 
ployment  upon  farms.  Most  of  them  are  without 
experience,  but  they  are  able-bodied  and  willing 
to  work.  They  speak  little  or  no  English,  although 
many  of  tbem  speak  German.  If  you  can  make 
use  of  such  help,  please  communicate  with  i:s, 
stating  what  you  will  pay,  whether  the  woik  is 
permanent,  and  whether  you  prefer  a  single  or  a 
married  man.  We  are  a  philanthropic  organiza¬ 
tion,  whose  object  it  is  to  assist  and  encourage 
Jews  to  become  farmers.  We  charge  no  commis¬ 
sion  to  employer  or  employee.  Address 
THE  J.  A.  8  I.  A.  S..  174  Second  Avenue,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


Vacuum  Gleaner  Without  Cost 


offer  telling  how  to  secure  a  high  grade 
Vacuum  Gleaner  without  cost. 
HOME  SI  1'1‘M  CO.,  Dept  .  M,  Seottsburg,  N.  Y. 


JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 


l^LLL  BARREL  LOTS  of  slightly  damaged  Stoneware 
f"  shipped  to  any  address  direct  from  pottery  at  New 
Brighton,  Pa.,  for  $1.00.  Lots  are  well  assorted,  contain- 
tng  crocks,  jars,  pans,  bowls,  pitchers,  tea  and  beanpots 
—a  little  of  each.  Send  cash  with  order.  Write  us. 

.E.  SWASEY  &  CO.,  Portland,  Me. 


UWR  FENCE 

Many  designs.  Cheap  as 
wood.  82  pace  Catalogue 
free.  Special  Prices  to 
Churches  and  Cemeteries. 
Soiled  Spring  Fence  Co. 
Ibox  314  Winchester.  Ind. 


Jersey  Bulls  For  Spring  Service 


From  Son  of  “The  Imported  Jap.” 

£  lying  Fox,  Financial  King,  Stoke  Pogis,  and 
Combination  Blood.  Also  Fertile  Eggs  from 
Young’s  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns,  Wrights  \V  Wyan- 
dottes,  and  Tuttle’s  R.  and  S.  U  R.  1.  Rods,  $1.00 
per  15,  $5.00  per  100.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

_  ,  ^  SHELDONCROFT  Silver  Lake,  Pa. 

Chas.  B.  Dayton, Supt. 


Corn  Planter:  also  Two-Horse  Iron  Age  CnTti- 
yutor:  irsod  one  season;  cheap  for  cash.  D.  0. 
GILBERT,  35  North  Street,  Danbury,  (Joun. 


pOR  SALE— 574  acres  good  Grain  and  Stock  Farm; 
partly  improved;  $$  per  acre.  Owner, 

D.  S.  WALTER,  Terry.  Mont. 


FOR  SALE- FIXE  VIRGINIA  FARMS,  river 
frontage  300  acres  and  600  acres.  For  particu¬ 
lars  write  W.  W.  WILLS,  Palmyra,  Va. 


p'OR  8AT.K — Chicken  Ranch,  with  buildings,  yards,  etc 
X  700  Leghorns,  incubators,  brooders,  co-iv.  horse, 
wagons,  implements.  12  acres,  6-room  house,  bam,  fruit, 
running  spring  water.  Price,  S4.500.  Mile  from  station. 

Address  LOY,  Huguenot,  Orange  County.  N.  Y. 


FOR  SALE _ Farm  °f  132  acres,  $1,000 

■  w it  vnkt.  „f  timber,  twelve-room 
two  barns,  granary,  hoghouse,  henhouse, 
cherries  and  grapes,  Sold  $425  worth  hay. 
ings  are  insured  for  $2,500.  Taxes  only  $25 
fourth  mile  from  school,  l1.;  mile  from  i 
town.  To  settle  estate  promptly.  Price 
HALL’S  FARM  AGENCY,  Owego, 
County,  New  York. 


worth 
house, 
apples. 
Build- 
One* 
ailroad 
$2,000. 
Tioga 


W  ANTFFi  Industi  O'is  single  man  for 
tmniLi/  farm  snd  dairy  work  in 
Orange  County.  Must  be  good  milker.  Reply 
stating  wages  expected  to  “X.  A.  F,"  care  Rural 
New-Yorker. 


EDUCATED  YOUNG  MAN  wishes  a  position  witl 
an  up-to-date  farmer.  P.  H.E.  care  R.  N.-Y. 


WANTED  TO  KENT  with  pi iviloge  of  buying, 

tt  Farm  about  100  acres,  with  buildings.  Address 
B.  G,  C.,  care  The  Rural  New-Yorker. 


YUUNb  MAN  ing  at  Cornell  wishes  position  c 

farm  oversoer.  P.E.J..11  Greystone  Terrace.Yonkers.N.l 


rnMbiibML  cxrcnicnuc  ami  train 


IRH  Farm?  FOR  SALE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
IQU  1  U I  III 0  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horace  G.  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa. 


A  60  ACRE  FARM  FOR  SALE-fnrs,»»,^ 

no  buddings,  no  stock.  Apply  to  owner. 

MINISINK  FARM,  North  Water  Gap,  Pa. 


YORK  STATE  FARMS,  all  sizes  and  i 
nearly  ail  parts  of  the  State.  Illustrate 
catalog  tree  to  parties  intending  to  buy. 

N OKT HERN  REALTY  CO,,  Syracuse,  N.  Y 


Delaware  Farms  Gen.  du  Pont,  Preside n^'of 

the  du  I ’out  Powder  Co.,  presented  Delaware  with  a 
Macadam  Road  through  entire  state.  When  completed 
farms  will  lie  worth  twice  the  money  asked  now  Senti 
for  our  catalogue,  free.  FORD  A  REIS,  Inc."  Dent. 
II.,  Wilmington,  Del.  *  ’  P 


CONNECTICUT  FRUIT  FARMS 

94  acres,  good  9-room  house,  large  barn#,  several 
hundred  apple  trees,  many  grafted  fruit,  some  seed¬ 
ling*.  Soil  gravel  loam  with  clay  subsoil.  lh>  miles 
from  railroad  station;  13  miles  from  Hartford 
Price  $4,000. 

Also  a  tract  of  nearly  400  acres  of  fine  fruit  land; 
three-quarters  of  it  can  easily  be  plowed  this  spring. 
About  400  young  fruit  trees,  Baldwins  and  Green¬ 
ings.  Only  six  miles  from  Hartford.  A  fine  farm 
to  develop.  Price.  $20,000. 

G.  H.  CARRIER,  66  STATE  STREET,  HARTFORD,  CONN. 


SHIP  YOUR  CONSIGNMENTS 

- TO - 

GEO.  OLIVER  &  COMPANY 

Established  1850 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 
WEST  WASHINGTON  MARKET.  -:-  HEW  YORK.  N.  Y. 

PROMPT  RETURNS 


Hothouse  Lambs,  Poultry,  Calves,  Fancy  Eggs 

Ship  to  W.  H.  COHEN  8  CO.,  229  Washington  St.,  New  York. 


pi.EASK  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com- 
1  mission  House  in  New  York.  Kst.  1838.  Butter 
Kegs,  Poultry,  Pork,  Calves.  Hay,  Grain.  Beans 
Apples,  etc.  k.  «.  woodwakp,  *<ic  Uieanwich  si.,  .n.v. 


Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.,  -  Boston. 


Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELLIFFE.  WRIGHT  8  CO.,  Com¬ 
mission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  Y’ork. 


Hothouse  Lambs. 

Calves,  Poultry,  Fancy  Eggs,  Hothouse  Products, 
r  rmts,  Vegetables.  Top  prices  secured  for  choice 
goods.  Correspondence  solicited. 

Archdeacon& Co.,  100  Murray  St.,  N.Y. 


GEO.  P.  HAMMOND.  KST.  1875.  FRANK  W.  GODWIN 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  GO 


and  Hothouse  Products  a  Specialty.  Consignments 
solicited.  34  &  36  Little  lgtli  St..  New  York- 


Two  Great  Auction  Sale  s. 


From  the  SHARON  VALLEY  STOCK  FARM,  Newark,  Ohio 

WILL  BE  SOI.D  AT  THE 

GATES  SALES  STABLES.  ELMIRA.  NEW  YORK.  FRIDAY. 
MARCH  24.  1911, 

STOCK  YARD  STABLES.  ALBANY,  NEW.YORK.  THURSDAY. 
MARCH  30,  1911. 

This  is  a  rare  opportunity  furnished  the  breed¬ 
ers  and  horsemen  of  eastern  states  to  secure 
some  stallions  and  mares  from  one  of  the  most 
reliable  importing  firms  in  America  brought  to 
your  locality  without  the  expense  of  long  ship¬ 
ping  bills.  The  quality,  finish  and  reasonable 
prices  of  the  horses  at  the  famous  Sharon  Valley 
Stock  Farm  will  suit  the  most  exacting  pur¬ 
chaser.  Do  not  allow  trivial  affairs  to  keep  you 
from  these  sales.  A  better  class  of  horses  means 
more  prosperous  farmers  and  communities.  Do 
not  fail  to  secure  a  stallion  or  pair  of  mares  and 
make  money  faster  than  you  ever  did  before. 
You  cannot  afford  to  miss  these  sales. 

Col.  G.  W.  CRAWFORD.  SHARON  VALLEY  STOCK  FARM,  * 
Newark,  Ohio. 


LIVE  AGENTS 
Wanted,  w'::.;: 

MukeHGJO  toi$50  weekly 
Exclusive  territory  if  you 
write  now  for  agent’s 
proposition  on  the  quick¬ 
est  selling  household 
article  made.  Agent’s  out¬ 
fit  $3.50.  Write  for  terri- 
tory  and  get  busy  now. 


Economy  Vacuum  Washer 

washes  clothes  automatically  in  10  to 30 
minutes.  No  wear  or  tear  of  clothes. 
Saves  soap,  fuel  and  all  rubbing.  No 
machine  to  run.  No  labor.  All  copper — 
lasts  a  life-time.  Guaranteed  for  7  yrs. 
Money  back  after  30  days’  trial  if  dis¬ 
satisfied.  Price  $3.50,  express  prepaid. 
Send  for  circular  right  now. 

ECONOMY  SALES  CO.,  Dept.  6,  Metro,  Tower,  N.Y 


9  884 


March  18,  1911. 


<THB  HURAh  NKW-YORKER 


Ss  Eg 
Starts 

TODAY! 


85,000  Rolls  of  Roofing 

Ready  to  Ship  by  Fast  Freight! 

We  are  throwing  overboard,  at  50  cents  on  the  dollar,  our  entire  surplus 

stock  of  high-grade  Flint-Coated  and  Rubber  Roofing.  Over  85,000  rolls  of  this  world-famous  Roofing 

placed  on  sale,  beginning  today,  at  the  lowest  prices  ever  quoted  on  this  quality  of  roofing!  Every  roll  guaranteed  from 

five  to  ten  years,  according  to  weight !  It  is  absolutely  imperative  that  our  warehouses  be  cleared  of  this  surplus  stock  ' "" 

inside  of  30  days!  This  great  Warehouse  Clearance  Sale  is  being  widely  advertised  in  papers  all  over  this  country,  ana 
already  the  orders  are  coming  in  by  telegraph  and  special  delivery  letters  from  all  over  the  United  States. 

Vast  Stock  of  NEW  MILLW0RK  Forces  Quick  Clearance  of  ROOFING! 

y-v  _ _ _ a  _ _ ~  ~ ~  tit  _ i. _ a  4-t, ond  orrovpl  rnntincrs.  when  for  less 


Our  sash  and  door  factories  and  planing 
mills  are  turning  out  an  immense  stock  of 
new  Millwork  for  which  we  must  make  room 
at  once  in  our  big  fireproof  Warehouse. 
This  forces  us  to  unload  the  Roofing,  re¬ 
gardless  of  price.  Such  values  in  high-qual¬ 
ity,  GUARANTEED  ROOFING  will  cer¬ 
tainly  never  again  be  offered. 

It’s  a  fact,  which  investigation  will  prove, 
that  you  must  pay  your  Dealer  two  and  one- 
half  to  three  times  these  prices  for  Roofing 
of  equal  quality.  And  no  dealer  in  the 
country  can  or  dares  to  sell  you  Roofing  at 
anywhere  near  our  prices. 

Here  Are  Our 

Quick-Sale  Prices 

Per  roll  of  1 08  square 
feet,  including  Nails, 

Can  of  Cement  and 
Complete  Instruc¬ 
tions  for  laying,  FREE 
in  Every  Roll! 

One -Ply  Roofing — 
will  wear  5  years  .  . 

2- Ply  Roofing,  $ 

will  wear 
8  years  ... 

3- Ply  Roofing,  $ 

will  wear 
10  years  .  .  • 


We  cannot  guarantee  to  hold  these 
prices  open  longer  than  thirty  days. 
At  the  prices  we  are  making  for  QU1C K 
CLEARANCE,  our  entire  surplus  will 
be  closed  out  in  a  rush.  You  can’t 
make  money  easier  than  by  ordering 
a  lot  of  this  Guaranteed  Roofing. 

If  you  order  more  than  you  need, 
you  can  clean  up  a  nice  profit  on  the 
deal  by  re-selling  to  your  neighbors. 
Send  us  a  RUSH  ORDER  and  we  will 
ship  by  fast  freight  within  48  hours 
after  your  order  is  received. 

RESERVATION  ORDERS  will  be 
accepted  for  shipment  at  any  time  with¬ 
in  SIXTY  DAYS.  You  may  telegraph 
your  order  at  our  expense  if  you  wish 
to  be  absolutely  sure  of  some  of  this 
surplus  stock  of  Roofing. 

Twice  as  Durable  as 
Any  Other  Roofing 

Gordon-Van  Tine  Roofing  is  made 
from  Long-Fibre  Wool  Felt,  Water¬ 
proofed  with  Natural  Asphalt  and 
surfaced  with  Flint  and  Mica.  The 
color  is  slate  gray. 

Why  buy  “shoddy”  roofing,  made  of 
cheap  building  paper,  with  tar  binder 


and  gravel  coatings,  when  for  less 
money  you  can  get  this  genuine  guar¬ 
anteed  product  ? 

Makes  a  Leak-Proof 
Water-Tight  Roof 

Our  Roofing  is  Water-proof,  Fire- 
resisting,  Storm-proof,  Acid-proof, 
Vermin-proof,  Elastic,  Tough,  and 
has  double  the  durability  of  any  other 
roofing  on  the  market.  It  is  unques¬ 
tionably  the 

Cheapest  and  Best 
Protection  for 
All  Farm  Buildings 

You  will  find  our  Guaranteed  Roof¬ 
ing  on  the  great  Sheep  Barns  of 
Western  Ranches — on  the  mammoth 
Barns  and  Sheds  of  the  Great  Cattle 
Ranches  —  on  the  Houses,  Barns, 
Hog  Houses,  Implement  Sheds, 
Poultry  Houses  and  other  Outbuild¬ 
ings  of  the  Dairyman  and  General 
Farmer. 


%ENPORT,10^ 

USE  NO  HOO10 


RUSH 

ORDER  BLANK 


GORDON-VAN  TINE  COMPANY, 

2239  Case  St.,  Davenport,  Iowa 

Gentlemen:— Please  book  my  order  for 


*  TL!.  mm.  V*tIH  OIiamaa  to  secure  a  supply  of  this  Splendid  Roof 
llllS  IS  YOUl  Uiiance  ing  at  Bargain  Prices,  if  you  act  quickly 


.Rolls  of  1-Ply  Roofing  at  93c  each,  $ .  J 

.Rolls  of  2-Ply  Roofing:  at  S1.22  each,  8 .  J 

.Rolls  of  3-Ply  Roofing:  at  81.50  each,  $ . 


For  your  convenience  in  oidering,  we  have  provided  a  RUSH  ORDER 
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□  Hold  for 

Instructions. 


A  BARN  OF  TERRA  COTTA. 

What  a  Massachusetts  Dairyman  Did. 

The  great  objection  that  is  made  to  many  model 
stables  is  that  they  are  built  by  institutions  or  by  men 
who  have  become  well-to-do  in  business  other  than 
farming,  and  so,  quite  naturally,  ordinary  farmers, 
who  depend  on  their  farms  for  their  living,  look  upon 
such  stables  as  unpractical.  The  purpose  of  this 


with  cement  plastered  on  metal  lath.  It  has  not  been 
entirely  satisfactory,  because  the  walls  dampen 
through  in  a  heavy  rain. 

The  milk  house  was  hardly  begun  before  we  found 
that  we  would  need  more  stable  room.  Our  old  stable 
is  in  the  hay  barn,  with  pit  underneath,  and  there  is 
no  suitable  place  for  young  stock,  so  we  decided  to 
build  a  stable  for  the  cows  and.  use  the  old  one  for  the 
young  stock.  This  building  also,  if  built  of  wood  and 


three  feet  six  inches  wide  and  four  feet  10  inches 
long  from  stanchion  to  gutter.  The  gutter  is  18  inches 
wide  and  six  deep;  a  passageway  four  feet  wide  is 
back  of  the  gutter.  There  is  an  open  space  of  14  feet, 
including  mangers,  between  the  stanchions,  enough 
so  that  loads  of  green  feed  can  be  brought  in  .  The 
mangers  are  two  feet  six  inches  wide  and  live  inches 
deep,  and  are  to  be  used  for  both  feeding  and  water¬ 
ing.  There  is  a  passage  two  feet  eight  inches  wide 


PART  OF  A  ROW  OF  COW  STALLS.  Fig.  125. 


THE'FRONT  OF  ALL  THE  BUILDINGS.  Fig.  127. 


article  is  to  show  that  it  is  possible  for  farmers  to 
have  as  good  buildings  as  anyone. 

The  Elm  Shade  Dairy  Farm  contains  about  125 
acres,  50  of  which  are  cultivated,  the  rest  being  pas¬ 
ture  and  woodland,  and  is  located  in  the  fertile  Con¬ 
necticut  Valley,  four  miles  from  Springfield,  Mass. 
It  has  been  in  the  same  family  nearly  200  years,  ever 
since  the  locality  was  first  settled.  For  several  years 
we  had  been  making  high  grade  milk,  selling  at  the 
farm  to  a  peddler.  About  a  year  ago  we  began  sup¬ 
plying  the  Wesson  Maternity  and  Memorial  Hospitals 


conveniently  located,  would  be  very  dangerous  in  case 
of  fire,  lying  between  the  hay  barn  and  the  horse  barn. 
We  had  visited  the  Massachusetts  Agricultural  Col¬ 
lege  farm  at  Amherst,  where  there  is  a  reinforced 
concrete  stable,  and  they  advised  us  to  use  terra-cotta 
tile,  which  they  had  used  for  a  large  hay  barn ;  mean¬ 
while  the  builder  had  become  interested  in  the  terra¬ 
cotta,  and  wanted  to  use  it,  so  we  decided  to  build 
with  it,  and  have .  found  it  entirely  satisfactory,  so 
far  as  we  can  tell  at  present.  The  man  who  put  up 
the  building  i§  one  of  the  pioneer  cement  users  in 


at  the  south  end  of  the  stable,  and  one  six  feet  wide 
at  the  north  end  for  bringing  in  hay,  grain  and  silage 
from  the  barn.  The  manure  is  to  be  carried  out  in  a 
litter  carrier,  dumped  into  a  wagon  and  carted  off 
every  day. 

The  floors  are  all  three  inches  thick;  the  stalls  and 
passages  back  of  them  are  one  inch  above  the  founda¬ 
tion,  while  the  milk  house,  main  passage  and  feeding 
floor  are  seven  inches  higher  and  the  passage  to  the 
barn  rises  about  two  feet  to  the  level  of  the  barn 
floor.  The  foundation  is  10  inches  thick  and  three 


SOUTHWEST  CORNER  WITH  WALLS  NEARLY  UP.  Fig.  126. 


THE  COMPLETED  BUILDING.  Fig.  128. 


in  Springfield  and  the  Baby  Feeding  Association, 
which  furnishes  milk,  natural  or  modified,  for  baby 
use.  lo  care  for  the  business  properly  we  needed  a 
milk  house  with  more  tank  room  than  our  old  one, 
and  also  facilities  for  bottling,  separating  and  washing. 
Our  buildings  are  so  located  that  it  was  impossible  to 
build  of  wood  in  a  convenient  location  without  too 
greatly  increasing  the  fire  risk,  so  decided  to  use 
cement  blocks,  as  that  was  the  only  fireproof  material 
with  which  we  were  familiar.  This  building  is  roofed 


this  vicinity,  but  neither  he  nor  his  men  had  ever 
handled  terra-cotta,  yet  they  had  very  little  difficulty 
except  that  caused  by  the  cold  wet  weather  of  the 
late  Fall. 

The  plan  of  the  buildings  can  best  be  understood 
by  the  drawing,  Fig.  131.  The  outside  dimensions  of 
the  stable  are  36x45,  giving  plenty  of  room  for  20 
stalls,  and  the  arrangement  is  modeled  after  the  one  at 
Amherst.  The  stalls,  of  1^-inch  pipe,  and  the 
stanchions  were  bought  all  ready  to  set  up;  they  are 


feet  deep,  of  cobblestones  grouted  with  cement.  The 
walls  of  the  stables  are  eight  inches  thick ;  the  sides 
are  nine  feet  high  and  the  ends  11  feet.  The  tiles  are 
laid  up  much  the  same  as  cement  blocks,  and  are 
plastered  on  both  sides.  The  outside  is  left  slightly 
rough,  and  the  inside  is  finished  with  a  skim  coat 
troweled  smooth.  There  is  a  strip  of  reinforced  con¬ 
crete  eight  inches  square  over  the  doors  and  windows, 
which  binds  the  whole  building  together.  Cement 
blocks  are  used  for  the  window  sills  and  cornice.  The 


380 


'  THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


March  25, 


window  frames  are  three  feet  square  except  those  in 
front,  which  are  3x4,  and  there  are  seven  windows  in 
each  side  and  two  in  each  end,  which  will  give 
ample  light,  over  five  square  feet  of  glass  per  cow. 
The  windows  are  to  be  hinged  at  the  bottom  and  will 
have  galvanized  shields  on  the  sides  to  prevent  drafts. 
The  air  for  ventilating  will  enter  through  the  win¬ 
dows,  using  the  muslin  system  if  we  find  it  necessary, 
and  the  outlet  is  through  two  12-inch  ventilators  in 
the  center  of  the  roof.  The  main  doors  are  seven 
feet  six  inches  by  10  feet,  the  stable  doors  are  4x8  feet, 
being  made  extra  high  on  account  of  the  carrier 
track.  As  will  be  seen  by  the  plan,  the  stable  extends 
to  the  south  beyond  the  other  buildings,  so  that  it 
gets  the  full  benefit  of  the  sunlight,  and  is  protected 
from  the  northeast  and  northwest  winds. 

The  roof  is  the  most  interesting  part  of  the  building. 
While  the  roof  was  being  built  it  was  supported  by 
centering  studding  being  set  up  about  every  four 
feet,  planks  laid  lengthwise  on  them,  and  then  cross¬ 
wise  16  inches  apart  on  centers.  Two  I  beams,  into 
the  sides  of  which  the  rafters  and  tiles  are  laid,  were 
put  up  lengthwise  of  the  building,  each  one  supported 
by  six  2j4-inch  pipes  filled  with  cement  set  just  in 
front  of  the  stalls.  Then  the  four-inch  tiles  are  laid 
on  the  planks  with  a  four-inch  space  between  the 
rows,  which  is  filled  with  cement  reinforced  with 
three-fourths-inch  rods,  part  of  which  are  bent  over 
the  I  beams  to  give  added  strength  and  bind  the  sec¬ 
tions  of  the  roof  together.  The  hooks  for  the  carrier 
tracks  are  laid  into  these  cement  rafters.  The  center 
14-foot  span  is  made  level,  the  side  spans  are  12  feet 
long  and  slope  about  two  feet.  A  coat  of  cement  vary¬ 
ing  from  one  to  three  inches  is  plastered  on  the  out¬ 
side,  the  center  span  being  crowned  to  shed  water.  A 
ridge  of  cement  is  built  up  on  the  edge  of  the  cornice, 
making  a  fine  gutter.  The  roof  is  to  be  covered  with 
a  heavy  coat  of  asphalt  to  make  it  entirely  proof 
against  rain  and  frost.  After  standing  about  two 
weeks  the  centering  was  removed  and  the  inside  plas¬ 
tered.  The  whole  roof  is  estimated  to  weigh  40  tons 
and  to  be  strong  enough  to  support  40  tons  more.  The 
two  small  rooms  have  four-inch  walls,  and  are  roofed 
with  cement  plastered  on  metal  lath.  The  passage 
to  the  barn  is  6x12,  and  the  one  from  the  stable  to  the 
milk  house  is  6x8  and  will  be  used  for  a  straining 
room.  The  milk  house  is  12x16  outside  measure;  the 
tank  room  is  six  feet  six  inches  by  10  feet  eight 
inches  inside,  and  the  other  room  for  washing,  sepa¬ 
rating,  etc.,  is  eight  feet  by  10  feet  eight  inches  inside. 
There  are  three  tanks  for  cans  and  bottles;  the  outlet 
pipes  are  so  arranged  that  when  the  caps  arc  removed 
the  surplus  water  runs  off,  the  pipes  in  two  of  the 

tanks  being  cut  to  the  right  height  for  cans,  the  other 

for  bottles.  When  we  change  the  water  the  pipes  un¬ 
screw  out  of  ties  set  flush  with  the  bottom  of  the 

tank.  The  partition  and  table  are  of  cement  plastered 
cn  lath  like  the  roof.  The  can  rack  is  of  half-inch 
galvanized  pipe,  and  will  hold  40  cans;  it  extends 
through  the  partition  with  a  rack  for  pails  on  the 
ether  side. 

Most  people  think,  because  the  buildings  are  fire¬ 
proof,  that  they  must  be  very  expensive,  but  that  is  a 
mistake.  As  near  as  we  can  estimate,  counting  our 
own  time,  they  will  cost  about  $2,000  all  equipped 
ready  for  use,  and  they  are  paid  for  wholly  by  the 
money  received  for  milk.  Wooden  buildings,  built 
in  first-class  shape,  sheathed  inside  and  with  slate  or 
shingle  roofs,  would  not  cost,  much,  if  any,  less.  It 
is  easily  seen  that  the  first  cost  of  a  cement  floor  is 
less  than  a  wooden  one.  The  builder  said  he  could 
put  up  the  terra  cotta  roof  cheaper  than  one  of  slate 
or  shingle,  partly  because  it  would  be  nearly  flat,  mak¬ 
ing  less  roof  space  and  making  the  end  walls  of  the 
building  much  smaller.  The  walls  probably  cost  some 
more  than  wood,  but  not  much,  if  any,  more  than 
enough  to  balance  the  saving  on  the  rest  of  the  build¬ 
ing.  Of  course  cheaply  constructed  wooden  buildings 
can  be  put  up  for  much  less  money,  but  that  is  hardly 
a  fair  comparison.  We  have  the  great  advantage  of 
having  a  set  of  buildings  that  cannot  burn  and  will 
last  indefinitely  with  no  outlay  for  insurance  and 
little  for  repairs,  besides  being  as  sanitary  as  they  can 
possibly  be  made.  eemer  f.  bodurtha. 

Hampden  Co.,  Mass. 


A  BUMPER  CORN  CROP  IN  KENTUCKY. 

I  have  18  acres  of  slightly  rolling,  rather  thin  yellow 
clay  land  containing  just  enough  sand  to  make  it  wash 
badly  when  left  exposed  to  heavy  rains.  In  June,  1910, 
it  was  drilled  to  Whippoorwill  peas;  the  best  spots  were 
mown  for  hay  and  seed,  and  remainder  was  gleaned  by 
the  pigs.  In  October  it  was  double  disked,  fined  with  an 
Acme  harrow  and  drilled  with  1  1-2  bushel  of  rye  per 
acre,  no  fertilizer  having  been  used  at  any  time.  The  rye 
seeding  was  followed  by  several  weeks  of  dry  weather, 
and  it  had  made  but  very  little  growth  until  January  10, 
since  which  time  we  have  had  some  pretty  warm  weather, 
and  the  field  has  “greened  up”  nicely.  I  wish  to  raise  a 
bumper  crop  of  corn  on  this  land,  and  on  account  of  bad 
roads  large  quantities  of  manure  are  out  of  the  question, 


although  the  thin  spots  will  be  manured  slightly  and  the 
rye  turned  under.  The  growth  of  rye  will  not  be  great. 
Will  it  sour  the  soil  enough  to  damage  the  corn  crop? 
Please  advise  me  how  to  proceed,  how  much  and  what 
kind  of  fertilizer  to  use,  whether  to  sow  the  fertilizer 
broadcast  or  in  the  corn  row,  etc.  T.  m.  d. 

yinitbland,  Ky. 

It  would  have  been  better  to  have  plowed  and  sub¬ 
soiled  that  land  thoroughly  last  Fall,  for  there  is  noth¬ 
ing  that  tends  more  to  prevent  washing  than  a  deep 
bed  of  broken  soil  into  which  the  rain  can  sink.  Most 
of  the  washing  all  over  the  'South  has  been  caused  by 
shallow  plowing,  so  that  when  the  Summer  torrents 
come  the  shallow  surface  gets  into  a  creamy  state  and 
runs  down  hill  because  it  cannot  si.'k  into  the  soil. 
But  I  would  never  attempt  subsoiling  in  Soring,  since 
the  subsoil  will  be  wet  when  the  surface  .s  in  good 
order  for  plowing.  Then  it  would  have  been  far  bet¬ 
ter  for  the  corn  crop  if  you  had  sown  Crimson 
clover  seed  last  Fall,  either  alone  or  along  with  the 
rye.  There  is  nothing  better  for  a  corn  crop  than  a 
growth  of  Crimson  clover  plowed  under  in  the  Spring. 
We  find  here  that  where  com  is  on  a  clover  sod  there 
is  never  any  firing,  but  the  leaves  keep  green  to  the 
ground.  Of  course  with  a  liberal  application  of  com¬ 
mercial  fertilizer  you  can  greatly  increase  the  corn 
crop,  but  a  clover  sod  manured  during  the  Winter 
makes  corn  more  economically  than  fertilizers.  Mr. 
Clarendon  Davis  of  Alabama  makes  corn  at  a  cost  of 
8J4  cents  a  bushel.  I  have  been  on  Mr.  Davis’s  farm, 
who  went  from  Kentucky  to  Alabama  and  has  brought 
up  a  farm  that  made  five  bushels  of  wheat  to  a  yield 
of  35  to  40  bushels  But  as  you  have  the  rye  it  will 
help  getting  organic  matter  into  the  soil.  You  should 
plow  it  under  before  it  gets  tough,  for  it  decays  slowly 
after  the  stems  are  strawy.  Then  harrow  in  a  mixture 
made  of  1,000  pounds  of  acid  phosphate,  600  pounds 
of  cotton-seed  meal  and  400  pounds  of  muriate  of 
potash  to  make  a  ton.  Of  this  use  500  pounds  broad¬ 
cast,  and  harrow  in  well,  for  the  feeding  roots  of 
corn  run  far  and  wide  and  soon  get  away  from  a  little 
in  the  hill.  Then  leave  a  small  portion  without  this 
fertilizer,  and  note  the  difference,  and  you  can  ascer¬ 
tain  what  it  has  cost  you  to  make  the  extra  corn.  The 
man  who  farms  in  a  regular  rotation,  grows  plenty 
of  forage  from  the  legume  crops,  and  feeds  it  and 
makes  manure  need  never  buy  ammonia  in  a  fertilizer 
and  can  usually  make  his  soil  more  fertile  and  pro¬ 
ductive  by  the  use  of  acid  phosphate  and  potash  alone 
on  his  wheat.  Good,  systematic  farming  is  better  than 
lavish  fertilizer  using.  w.  F.  massey. 


CO-OPERATIVE  MARKETING. 

No.  1. 

In  taking  up  the  question  of  cooperative  marketing 
it  seems  but  proper  to  diagnose  the  case  as  it  stands, 
and  see  whether  there  is  need  of  prescribing,  and  if 
so  see  what  we  are  to  do  to  correct  each  difficulty,  or 
as  the  doctor  would  say,  treat  the  symptoms.  As  to 
the  need  of  improvement  in  market  methods,  the  proof 
seems  to  be  ample,  but  poorly  comprehended  by  the 
grower.  There  is  ample  proof  of  the  33  per  cent  the 
farmer  gets  out  of  his  product,  but  the  reason  is  not 
always  so  evident,  because  the  causes  are  variable. 
In  order  to  arrive  at  some  of  the  reasons  let  us  fol¬ 
low  a  number  of  shipments  of  products.  We  will  take 
as  the  shipping  point  any  loading  station  in  western 
New  York.  The  cases  will  be  specific  and  actual, 
but  no  names  will  be  given,  but  designation  will  be 
made  by  letter.  The  first  is  a  car  of  very  fancy 
Spitzenburg  apples  shipped  to  a  well-known  com¬ 
mission  house,  A.  A  sold  the  apples  at  the  car  to 
B  for  $4,  B  sold  them  back  to  A  for  $6.  A  took 
them  to  his  store  and  jobbed  them  out  at  $7.50.  A 
makes  returns  to  the  shipper  of  $4,  less  freight  and 
10  per  cent  commission,  or  $3.36;  45  per  cent  of  the 
jobbing  price.  In  this  case  the  fruit  must  have  re¬ 
tailed  for  a  high  price,  and  it  is  fair  to  assume  the 
grower  got  very  much  less  than  35  per  cent  of  the 
consumer’s  dollar.  The  practice  cited  here  is  a  very 
common  one. 

Take  a  car  of  potatoes;  the  fanner  is  paid  35  cents 
at  the  car  or  storage.  The  dealer  gets  from  three  to 
five  cents  per  bushel  for  loading,  the  railroad  nine 
cents  for  freight  to  New  York,  Philadelphia  or  Balti¬ 
more,  bringing  them  up  to  possibly  50  cents  delivered 
in  New  York  wholesale  market.  Investigation  shows 
that  the  consumer  pays,  when  bought  by  the  peck,  40 
to  60  cents,  or  $1.60  to  $2.40  per  bushel,  and  the  poor 
people  who  buy  by  the  quart  at  from  eight  to  10 
cents,  or  from  $2.56  to  $3.20  per  bushel,  if  the  quarts 
hold  out. 

Next  we  will  follow  several  cars  at  once.  A  ships 
a  car  of  cucumbers,  B  a  car  of  celery,  C  a  car  of 
onions,  D  a  car  of  potatoes,  E  a  car  of  apples,  to  a 
commission  man  whom  we  will  call  Smith,  at  Phila¬ 
delphia.  Jones,  of  Wilkesbarre;  Roe,  of  Hazleton, 
and  Doe,  of  Reading,  all  jobbers  of  fruit  and  vege¬ 


tables,  go  to  Smith,  of  Philadelphia,  to  get  supplies. 
Each  buys  some  of  A’s  cucumbers,  B’s  celery,  C’s 
onions,  D’s  potatoes,  and  E’s  apples,  making  up  a 
mixed  car,  and  it  is  shipped  right  back  by  the  railroads 
over  which  they  had  just  come,  sometimes  nearly 
half  of  the  way  to  point  of  shipment.  The  produce 
was  grown  by  neighbors,  but  it  had  to  go  to  Phila¬ 
delphia  to  be  put  up  in  mixed  cars  to  be  sold  to  the 
dealer  who  lived  midway.  There  was  the  extra  cost 
of  freight,  commission,  and  handling  in  Philadelphia. 
Query,  were  the  products  improved  by  the  delay  and 
handling?  Could  the  growers  have  sold  direct? 

I  will  next  take  up  some  peach  shipments,  Fall  of 
1908.  Tom,  Dick  and  James  shipped  independently, 
and  as  in  this  case  representing  dozens  of  shippers 
who  were  scattered  over  western  New  York  peach 
belt.  Utica,  N.  Y.,  was  short  of  peaches,  and  prices 
quoted  there  were  high.  Neither  knew  the  others 
were  going  to  ship,  so  he  shipped  to  Utica,  expecting 
to  get  the  high  prices.  Result,  36  cars  reached  Utica 
in  a  single  day.  The  bottom  dropped  out  of  the 
market,  and  peaches  hardly  brought  freight.  During 
the  entire  Fall  Columbia,  S.  C.,  a  town  of  about  the 
same  size,  did  not  have  any  New  York  peaches,  and 
many  other  towns  were  just  the  same.  Why  were 
all  the  peaches  dumped  on  Utica  and  other  places  went 
without  any? 

Some  people  know  that  good  apples  are  grown 
about  Rochester,  N.  Y.  Some  consumers  in  Rochester 
know  it,  yet  W.  C.  Barry,  president  of  the  Western 
New  York  Horticultural  Society,  says  friends  of  his 
could  not  find  any.  Mr.  Woodruff,  of  the  Rochester 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  could  not  find  any  good  Spies, 
and  a  friend  of  the  writer,  after  searching  in  vain, 
sent  to  a  friend  in  Canada  and  got  two  barrels  at  a 
cost  of  $7  per  barrel  delivered.  The  writer  knows 
there  were  hundreds  of  barrels  of  good  Spies  grown 
about  Rochester.  Who  is  at  fault?  If  the  products 
of  the  manufacturers  in  any  line  were  not  sold  regu¬ 
larly  in  such  a  market,  would  they  or  would  they  not 
see  that  they  were  sold?  Is  it  the  grower’s  duty?  If 
not,  whose? 

Cases  could  be  cited  almost  without  limit  to  show 
the  weakness  of  our  individual  system  of  marketing. 
A  careful  study  of  the  causes  leading  up  to  the  or¬ 
ganization  of  somg  of  the  most  prominent  of  our 
successful  cooperative  marketing  institutions  reveals 
the  fact  that  most  of  them  were  organized,  not  be¬ 
cause  of  much  better  and  cheaper  facilities  for  market¬ 
ing  or  the  better  prices  which  might  be  procured,  but 
because  conditions  had  grown  so  bad  that  the  mem¬ 
bers  were  forced  into  organization  as  an  absolute 
necessity.  If  they  could  only  exist  they  would  re¬ 
fuse  to  organize,  but  as  a  last  resort,  absolute  failure 
staring  them  in  the  face,  they  finally  organize  to  co¬ 
operate  in  selling  their  products.  Secretary  Wilson 
says  “Producer  and  consumer  should  get  closer  to¬ 
gether.”  But  with  the  present  understanding  or  rather 
misunderstanding  of  each  other  or  their  needs,  just 
how  are  such  conditions  to  be  brought  about?  Near 
to  our  large  markets,  market  gardeners  and  fruit 
growers  are  familiar  with  the  desires  and  require¬ 
ments  of  the  consumer,  and  know  what  to  expect, 
but  when  you  go  further  from  the  consuming  centers 
the  growers  are  generally  ignorant  of  the  require¬ 
ments,  and  in  a  large  per  cent  of  the  individuals  it  will 
be  found  that  they  believe  what  would  suit  them  or 
would  pass  with  them  ought  to  be  accepted  by  the 
consumer  without  complaint.  At  this  point  it  would 
be  well  to  compare  the  attitude  of  the  manufacturer 
and  farmer  toward  the  consumer.  The  manufacturer 
labors  constantly  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  con¬ 
sumer,  studying  carefully  to  have  every  desire  satis¬ 
fied,  and  if  he  discovers  something  new  of  which  the 
consumer  is  ignorant,  spares  no  pains  or  expense  to 
bring  it  to  his  attention.  He  tries  in  every  way  to 
make  his  goods  attractive,  both  as  to  the  article  it¬ 
self,  and  the  package  in  which  it  is  placed.  Manu¬ 
facturers  of  superior  articles  enlighten  the  consumer 
as  to  the  superiority  of  the  article.  The  farmers’ 
mails  are  full  of  circulars  from  fertilizer  companies, 
sprayers,  plows,  harvesting  machinery,  etc.,  setting 
forth  the  superior  merits  of  the  goods.  They  do  not 
wait  for  the  farmers  to  find  them  out,  or  for  the 
middlemen  to  take  them,  but  in  numberless  ways 
bring  to  the  notice  of  the  consumer  their  wares,  and 
in  many  ways  the  smaller  manufacturers  cooperate 
in  this  work.  It  would  seem  that  such  example 
should  be  understood  and  accepted  as  a  guide  by  the 
farmer.  The  only  reason  to  which  I  can  attribute 
this  condition  is  that  the  farmers,  being  more  isolated, 
have  become  more  individualistic,  and  depend  on  their 
own  judgment,  and  have  formed  so  strong  a  habit 
of  working  independently  that  it  is  hard  to  overcome 
it.  In  my  next  article  I  shall  endeavor  to  show  how 
these  conditions  are  overcome  by  cooperation,  and 
how  it  can  be  extended  to  be  of  benefit  to  both  pro¬ 
ducer  and  consumer.  chas.  r.  white. 

Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y. 


1911. 

INHERITANCE  IN  CORN  EARS. 

An  Experiment  in  Mixed  Seed. 

A  year  ago  I  described  the  results  of  an  ear-to-rovv 
test  with  25  selected  ears  of  yellow  dent  corn,  and 
pointed  out  the  variations  in  yield  from  these  ears. 
At  that  time  I  chose  six  of  the  parent  ears,  which 
were  only  half  shelled  for  the  test,  intending  to 
grow  a  mixed  strain  from  them,  because  their  rows 
seemed  to  have  some  characters  in  common,  viz., 
early  maturity,  relatively  high  yield,  and  rather 
less  foliage  than  other  rows.  I  also  chose  eight 
of  the  original  ears  for  another  strain  because 
of  tendencies  toward  leafiness  and  later 
maturity,  with  slightly  lower  yield  of 
grain.  I  planted  the  seed  from  each 
group  of  ears  mixed,  in  quite  uniform 
soil,  and  they  made  a  nice  appearance 
until  drought  interfered.  I  watched 
these  strains  carefully  until  harvest,  and 
looked  in  vain  for  any  evidence  of  dif¬ 
ferences  in  maturity  or  growth  of  fol¬ 
iage.  At  harvest  the  differences  in  yield 
were  negligible  where  the  chances  were 
equal  for  the  corn  rows.  The  fact  is 
that  all  of  the  selected  ears  were  good 
ears,  of  mixed  ancestry,  and  the  differ¬ 
ences  observed  in  the  rows  of  my  first 
test  from  them  were  not  pronounced 
enough  to  be  worth  much  in  a  practical 
way.  I  did  get  splendid  corn  for  that 
variety  from  both  groups.  That  was 
due  to  inheritance  backed  up  by  good 
soil  conditions. 

In  the  same  field  I  planted  another 
ear-to-row  test  of  the  same  variety  of 
corn.  Twenty  of  these  rows  were 
planted  on  uniform  soil,  a  stony, 
gravelly  knoll  which  dried  out  badly 
and  reduced  the  yields.  Such  conditions 
are  much  better  for  showing  differences 
due  to  inheritance  than  are  more  favor¬ 
able  ones.  At  harvest  time  I  found 
three  rows  which  showed  pronounced 
differences  in  yield  and  character  of  the 
ears.  Differences  in  the  growth  of  fod¬ 
der  were  not  noticed.  Fig.  132  shows 
the  piles  from  these  three  rows  just 
after  husking  and  weighing.  No.  3  made 
the  best  yield  and  was  certainly  the 
best  in  type  of  ear  as  one  can  easily 
see.  No.  7  made  a  good  yield,  but  was 
decidedly  inferior  in  type.  No.  11  was 
very  low  in  yield,  although  some  of  the 
“nubbins”  were  fairly  good  in  type.  The 
laborer  who  harvested  No.  11  predicted 
at  once  that  it  would  get  the  “booby 
prize.”  I  have  tabulated  the  yields  and 
per  cent  of  moisture  contained  in  these 
three  lots,  each  the  progeny  of  one 
selected  ear : 

No.  3,  moisture  27.1-3  per  cent;  yield  dry 
shelled  corn  -per  acre,  46.9  bushels. 

No.  7,  moisture  31  per  cent;  yield  dry  shelled 
corn  per  acre,  43.6  bushels. 

No.  11,  moisture  3414  per  cent:  yield  dry 
shelled  corn  per  acre,  20.3  bushels. 

I  have  saved  the  progeny  of  No.  3 
with  the  intention  of  perpetuating  it  this 
year,  but  knowing  that  it  was  allowed 
to  cross-fertilize  with  other  rows  infer¬ 
ior  to  it,  I  did  not  save  enough  of  the 
seed  of  the  original  ear  to  make  a  good 
start.  The  results  obtained  from  No.  7 
have  set  me  to  thinking  that  it  might  be 
well  to  study  the  results  of  planting  in 
separate  rows  the  corn  from  ears  which 
we  ordinarily  discriminate  against  when 
making  selections  because  of  shape  of 
kernel  and  diameter  of  the  ear.  How 
much  has  type  to  do  with  yield?  I  am 
now  planning  to  make  an  ear-to-row  test 
of  extreme  variations  in  type,  all  found 
in  one  variety,  but  all  having  some  pos¬ 
sibilities  in  yield. 

Fig.  130  shows  a  very  handy  way  of 
weighing  the  yields  from  separate  rows 
in  the  field.  The  tripod  is  a  stout  one 
belonging  to  a  drainage  level.  The 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

GRASS  ON  FERTILIZER  ALONE. 

Good  Results  Without  Barnyard  Manure. 

As  the  season  approaches  for  the  commencement 
of  farming  operations  I  feel  constrained  to  give 
the  experience  of  a  one-horse  farmer  in  breaking 
up  old  worn-out  meadow,  and  by  cropping  without 
any  barnyard  manure,  getting  it  into  grass  again  and 
securing  large  crops  of  same.  No  attempt  was  made 
at  following  the  “Clark”  method;  indeed  to  most  of 
us  that  plan  is  impossible,  because  of  our  mixed 
farming,  which  calls  for  our  attention  in  so  many 
ways  at  the  same  time,  making  it  impossible  to  give 


WEIGHING  AND  SORTING  CORN  IN  EAR  TEST.  Fig.  130 


40 


387 

of  the  last  year  a  mixture  of  Timothy,  Red-top  and 
Alsike  clover  was  sown  in  the  corn,  and  cultivated  in, 
this  being  the  last  of  four  or  five  cultivations  both 
ways,  as  the  corn  was  in  checks. 

With  the  potatoes  was  used  for  two  years  about 
one  ton  per  acre  of  another  home  mixture  of  very 
high  grade.  The  last  year  the  potatoes  were  dug  in 
September  and  the  land  then  well  harrowed  and 
sown  to  Timothy  alone.  At  time  of  seeding  500 
pounds  per  acre  of  bone  dust  was  used.  Then  in  the 
Spring  following  on  all  the  land  was  sown  400  pounds 
per  acre  of  a  mixture  analyzing  8-8-S,  composed  of  ni¬ 
trate  of  soda,  bone  dust  and  muriate  of  potash.  A  con¬ 
servative  estimate  of  the  crop  was  three 
tons  per  acre.  That  seeded  with  the 
corn  has  been  harvested  two  seasons 
and  received  the  top-dressing  above  men¬ 
tioned  every  Spring,  the  second  year 
cutting  a  heavier  crop  than  the  first,  and 
the  stubble  now  promises  another  splen¬ 
did  crop.  The  land  seeded  after  potatoes 
was  covered  for  weeks  last  Winter  with 
ice,  and  as  the  seeding  was  so  late  fears 
were  entertained  as  to  the  recovery  of 
the  small  grass  plants,  and  indeed  when 
all  of  the  snow  and  ice  left  for  good  last 
March  not  a  green  leaf  showed,  but  the 
tiny  roots  had  something  to  nourish 
them,  as  was  shown  later,  when  upon 
July  1  the  Timothy  stood  almost  five 
feet  high  and  so  thick  that  it  required  a 
man  to  follow  the  mower  each  swath  to 
keep  the  grass  back,  and  in  September 
the  second  crop  was  well  headed  out, 
but  was  allowed  to  stay  on  the  land  to 
keep  up  the  humus  as  far  as  possible. 
The  measure  of  success  to  which  I  have 
attained  I  credit  to  the  following  prin¬ 
ciples:  First,  lots  of  cultivation;  second, 
a  good  seed  bed  with  available  food 
right  at  hand  for  the  young  plants ; 
third,  plenty  of  feeding  each  year  after 
seeding,  and  keeping  the  live  stock  off 
the  land  in  the  Fall.  These  results 
were  obtained  on  ordinary  land,  in  an 
ordinary  manner,  by  a  very  ordinary 
farmer,  and  prove  what  could  be  done 
by  a  wideawake  man  by  still  more  per¬ 
fect  methods.  There  are  thousands  of 
acres  of  natural  grass  lands  in  Con¬ 
necticut  and  other  Eastern  States  which 
do  not  at  present  “pay  their  keep,”  and 
the  only  object  of  this  article  is  that 
others  may  be  encouraged  to  take  hold 
and  reclaim  some  of  this  land,  for  it 
can  be  made  to  pay  a  handsome  profit 
on  investment  by  the  use  of  commercial 
fertilizer  alone.  The  land  I  experimented 
upon  had  been  robbed  for  years,  the 
hay  taken  away,  and  not  a  particle  of 
manure  or  fertilizer  put  back,  and  was 
yielding  about  a  half  ton  to  the  acre. 
The  fertilizer  mixtures  used  last  year 
were  as  follows:  For  corn,  nitrate  of 
soda,  200  pounds;  muriate  of  potash, 
350  pounds;  acid  phosphate,  650  pounds; 
blood,  bone  and  meat,  800  pounds  to  the 
ton.  For  potatoes,  nitrate  of  soda,  250 
pounds;  sulphate  of  potash,  450  pounds; 
acid  phosphate,  700  pounds;  blood,  bone 
and  meat,  600  pounds  to  the  ton.  For 
grass,  nitrate  of  soda,  1,000  pounds; 
muriate  of  potash,  350  pounds ;  acid 
phosphate,  300  pounds;  blood,  bone  and 
meat,  350  pounds  to  the  ton. 

Litchfield  Co.,  Conn.  l.  h.  Reynolds. 


GOOD  AND  POOR  RESULTS  WITH  CORN.  Fig.  132 


We  receive  more  questions  about 
the  use  of  lime  than  on  any  other  single 
line  of  agriculture.  There  are  several 
things  which  may  be  repeated  over  and 
over.  Ground  limestone  is  better  on 
light  soils  which  have  little  humus  in 
them.  We  would  use  burned  lime  on 
heavy  or  very  sour  soils.  Never  buy 
lime  without  a  guaranteed  analysis,  and 
figure  from  it  which  pound  of  lime  is 
cheapest.  For  quick  results  you  should 
use  two  pounds  of  ground  limestone  to 
one  of  burned  lime.  Do  not  use  lime  on  pota¬ 
toes  or  strawberries.  Its  best  results  are  on  clover. 


spring  balance  is  sufficiently  accurate  for  comparative  land  the  many  harfowings,  etc.,  called  for  in  the 

weighings.  The  laborer  is  sorting  sound  from  soft  intense  “Clark”  method.  Our  turf  was  plowed  in  the 

corn  to  determine  what  I  call  the  percentage  of  ma-  Fall  and  the  next  Spring  fitted  with  disk  and  spike-  Alfalfa,  Timothy,  wheat  and  garden  crops.  Usually  h 

edward  r.  minns.  tooth  hairows,  used  alternately  until  soil  was  very  is  better  to  use  lime  when  seeding  to  grass,  grain  or 

mellow,  then  corn  planted  on  a  part  and  the  rest  clover.  Do  not  plow  lime  under,  but  spread  on  the 
put  into  potatoes.  With  the  corn  was  used  about  600 


turity 
N.  Y.  State  College 


‘Wnnn  .  ..  ,  .  .  -  -------- . . v,v,v,  rough  furrows  and  harrow'  in.  You  will  seldom  obtain 

Sawdust  is  fermented  and*  treated^ehemioaTl'v!  ^hen^lt  P)0Unds.  per  acre  of  a  home  mature  fertilizer  costing  good  results  by  spreading  on  top  of  a  sod.  Do  not  mix 

is  mixed  two  to  one  with  rye  flour  and  baked  like  ordinary  a  JOUt  $30  per  ton,  and  analyzing  fully  as  high  as  the  burned  lime  with  hen  manure  or  any  other  organic 

bread,  it  is  fed  to  horses !  No — those  animals  do  not  ^est  fertilizer  on  the  market,  all  used  in  or  about  the  plant  food.  The  ground  limestone  may  be  safely  used 

an.o  to  sawhorses.  hill.  Two  crops  of  corn  were  secured,  and  in  July  for  this  purpose. 


388 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  25, 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[Every  query  must  he  accompanied  by  the  name 
and  aduress  of  the  writer  to  insure  attention.  Be¬ 
fore  asking  a  question,  please  see  whether  it  is  not 
answered  in  our  advertising  columns.  Ask  only 
a  few  questions  at  one  time.  Put  questions  on  a 
teperate  piece  of  paper.) 


Cherries  for  Northern  New  York. 

F.  c.  M.,  Lewiston,  N.  Y. — Will  you  give 
me  the  comparative  merits  as  to  size, 
growth,  bearing  and  general  utility  of  the 
Schmidt  Bigarreau,  Lambert,  and  Bing  as 
compared  to  the  Windsor  cherry  for  North¬ 
western  New  York. 

Ans. — The  four  cherries  named  are  all 
very  nearly  of  the  same  season  of  ripen¬ 
ing.  Bing  and  Schmidt  are  a  very  little 
earlier  than  Windsor,  and  Lambert  is 
the  latest  of  all.  I  saw  all  of  them 
ripening  in  an  orchard  in  northern 
Michigan  last  year,  and  this  was  the  or¬ 
der  in  which  they. came.  Another  year 
they  might  not  repeat  the  succession  in 
exactly  the  same  order,  but  the  chances 
are  that  there  would  be  very  little  or  no 
change.  All  of  them  are  late. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 

Young  Orchard  on  Rocky  Ground. 

C.  If.  W.,  New  York,  N.  F. — What  is  the 
objection  to  putting  manure  (horse) 
around  young  apple  and  peach  trees,  if 
any?  I  have  about  100  trees  two  and 
three  years  old,  made  a  good  growth  first 
year;  second  year  grew  plenty  of  wood,  but 
not  much  foliage.  They  cannot  be  culti¬ 
vated  with  a  plow,  as  it  is  too  rocky ;  but 
1  cultivate  them  by  digging  around  with 
pick.  Can  you  suggest  any  other  way? 

Ans. — When  such  manure  is  piled 
close  around  the  trunk  of  the  tree  it 
harbors  mice  and  vermin  which  gnaw 
the  tree.  This  can  be  overcome  by  put¬ 
ting  the  manure  a  few  inches  away  and 
making  a  little  mound  of  dirt  or  coal 
ashes  around  the  tree.  The  manure  is  a 
one-sided  fertilizer,  that  is,  contains  a 
large  proportion  of  nitrogen.  This  will 
force  the  tree  into  growth,  but  extra 
potash  and  phosphoric  acid  are  needed 
to  harden  or  develop  this  growth.  You 
can  use  either  wood  ashes  or  a  mixture 
of"  bone  and  potash  worked  into  the  soil 
when  you  dig  it  with  spade  or  pickax. 
If  you  will  do  this  and  use  the  manure 
so  as  not  to  touch  the  trunk  you  can 
make  a  good  orchard. 

Barren  Quince. 

,/.  O.  U.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. — I  have  a  Golden 
quince  tree  that  is  six  years  old ;  it  has 
been  planted  in  my  yard  four  years,  and 
It  has  never  had  any  fruit  on  it  yet.  Every 
Spring  it  is  full  of  blossoms,  the  fruit 
forms  and  in  about  two  or  three  weeks  they 
all  fall  off.  It  is  at  present  in  a  chicken 
yard;  the  chickens  have  been  there  for 
three  years.  Can  you  tell  me  what  to  do 
with  it  or  how  to  make  it  bear? 

Ans. — Why  a  quince  tree  in  healthy 
condition,  blooming  every  Spring  and 
setting  its  fruit,  does  not  carry  it  to 
maturity,  I  do  not  understand.  It  may 
be  that  blighting  of  the  branches  occurs 
soon  after  the  fruit  sets,  but  this  would 
not  be  likely  to  cause  all  the  fruit  to 
drop.  I  do  not  know  any  variety  of 
quince  by  the  name  ‘‘Golden,”  and  it  is 
just  possible  that  it  is  some  new  variety 
that  may  have  the  fault  of  dropping  its 
fruit  after  setting.  As  the  tree  is  in  a 
chicken  yard  it  may  get  too  much  nitro¬ 
gen  from  the  droppings  of  the  poultry. 
If  it  is  convenient  to  change  the  yard 
fence  so  the  tree  will  be  on  the  outside 
it  might  be  a  benefit.  Spraying  with 
Bordeaux  Mixture  or  lime-sulphur  wash 
might  do  good  and  will  surely  do  no 
harm.  h.  e.  van  deman. 

Sediment  in  Lime-Sulphur. 

F.  II.,  Bay  side ,  N.  Y. — Upon  making  lime- 
sulphur  solution  according  to  directions  on 
page  ICO,  I  found  some  difficulties  with  us¬ 
ing  it.  A  sediment  formed  which  clogged 
the  nozzle  of  the  sprayer.  I  would  like  to 
know  whether  the  sediment  should  be  cast 
off  after  boiling  solution,  or  whether  the 
sediment  can  be  prevented. 

Ans.— It  is  almost  impossible  to  make 
the  mixture  without  sediment.  The 
amount  will  vary  greatly  under  what 
would  seem  to  be  the  same  conditions. 
Occasionally  you  will  get  a  batch  that 
is  practically  free  from  sediment,  and 
the  next  cooking  may  contain  a  very 
large  percentage  of  sediment.  This 
shows  clearly  that  while  we  are  wise  in 


the  making  and  use  of  lime-sulphur  as 
compared  with  two  years  ago,  there  is 
still  much  to  learn.  One  of  the  things 
that  tends  to  give  a  large  percentage  of 
sediment  is  poor  lime.  The  calcium 
oxide  is  the  only  part  of  the  lime  that 
combines  with  the  sulphur  in  making 
soluble  sulphides.  The  magnesia  never 
goes  into  solution,  so  always  adds  to 
the  sediment.  It  is  also  increased  if 
lime  is  poorly  burned,  or  if  a  portion  of 
it  is  air-slaked.  Buy  if  possible  fresh 
burned  stone  lime  testing  not  less  than 
95  per  cent  calcium  oxide.  Next  is 
coarse  sulphur;  one  kind  of  sulphur  will 
give  as  good  results  as  another,  but  it 
must  be  fine.  Too  long  boiling,  also  too 
little  boiling  and  slow  boiling,  all  go  to 
affect  amount  of  sediment.  Boil  briskly 
45  minutes  to  one  hour  actual  boiling. 
If  there  is  enough  sediment  to  clog 
nozzle  then  it  should  be  removed  by 
straining.  Made  of  good  material  strain¬ 
ing  should  not  be  necessary  except  on 
rare  occasions.  If  I  had  but  one  guess 
in  this  matter  I  would  say  the  trouble 
was  poor  lime.  The  Geneva  Experiment 
Station  has  a  list  of  lime  dealers  they 
will  recommend  and  will  furnish  same 
upon  application.  And  then  when  you 
buy  always  ask  for  spray  lime.  w.  H. 

Methods  of  Setting  Strawberries. 

F.  L.  C.,  Jefferson,  Me. — In  setting  straw¬ 
berry  plants  grown  by  oneself  is  it  not 
a  good  method  to  take  them  up  carefully 
and  set  them  out  without  disturbing  roots 
and  adhering  soil,  as  much  as  possible? 
That  has  been  my  practice,  and  they  never 
wilt,  nor  appear  to  suffer  any  interruption 
in  growth.  A  grower  whom  I  know  takes 
up  his  plants,  washes  and  prunes  the  roots 
before  setting.  That  involves  considerable 
extra  work,  and  seems  to  me  to  be  an  un¬ 
necessary  shock  and  setback  to  the  plant. 
Would  like  opinions  of  strawberry  growers. 

Ans. — We  think  your  method  a  good 
one.  Our  plan  is  to  take  a  large  ball 
of  earth  with  the  plant  and  set  it  out 
in  the  new  place.  We  use  a  transplanter 
like  a  tin  can  of  heavy  steel.  The  lower 
edge  is  ground  to  a  cutting  edge  and 
there  is  a  long  handle.  This  can  be 
put  around  the  plant  and  driven  down 
with  the  foot.  When  it  is  lifted  up 
the  plant  and  a  round  bunch  of  soil 
comes  with  it.  This  is  put  into  the 
ground  where  the  new  bed  is  to  be  made 
and  the  plant  never  wilts.  In  buy¬ 
ing  plants  brought  from  a  distance  we 
would  prune  them  top  and  root,  but  we 
call  it  useless  labor  to  wash  off  the  ball 
of  earth  and  prune  for  home  trans¬ 
planting. 


Lime  for  Sweet  Peas  and  Asters. 

Last  Fall  I  had  a  small  piece  of  good 
sod  land  plowed,  manured  and  harrowed. 
Next  Spring  1  am  going  to  plant  it  to  sweet 
peas  and  Asters.  Would  you  advise  me  to 
apply  lime  as  soon  as  convenient? 

Massachusetts.  B-  M- 

We  would  use  lime  on  this  piece  in 
Spring  and  harrow  it  in  as  quickly  as  pos¬ 
sible. 

Sawdust  Mulch  for  Raspberries. 

Would  green  hardwood  sawdust  be  con¬ 
sidered  a  good  mulch  for  raspberry  plants, 
and  would  you  advise  mixing  same  with 
lime  to  prevent  souring  of  the  mulch? 

Oakfield,  Wis.  E.  g.  t. 

No.  green  sawdust  is  not  a  good  mulch. 
It  will  sour  the  ground.  Well-rotted  saw¬ 
dust  is  good.  Lime  mixed  with  the  saw¬ 
dust  will  help,  but  we  would  rather  let  it 
decay  or  use  in  the  stable  first. 

Exterminating  Wild  Carrot. 

A  tenant  has  left  me  a  legacy — an  un¬ 
desirable  legacy — an  abundant  crop  of  wild 
carrot  in  my  pastures,  and  I  want  the  aid 
of  the  readers  of  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  in  ex¬ 
terminating  this  pest.  The  pasture  has 
never  been  plowed,  and  the  wild  carrot 
pest  has  entire  possession  it.  I  am  con¬ 
sidering  the  advisability  of  plowing  it  and 
sowing  some  Bromus  inermis — a  grass  that 
is  strongly  recommended  to  me  both  for 
hay  and  as  an  exterminator  of  wild  carrot 
and  similar  pests.  The  query  with  me  is, 
will  the  proposed  remedy  (sowing  Bromus 
inermis)  accomplish  the  desired  result? 

Rochester,  N.  Y.  T.  L. 

R.  N.-Y.  —We  should  not  consider  seed¬ 
ing  with  Bromus  inermis  or  brome  grass, 
a  sure  remedy  for  wild  carrots.  A  much 
surer  way  would  be  to  plow  and  plant  some 
hill  crop,  like  corn  and  give  it  thorough 
culture. 


If  your  plans  for  Spring,  include  the  planting  of  a  home  or  com¬ 
mercial  orchard,  or  the  beautifying  of  your  home  grounds,  send  for 

The  Stark  Year  Book 

for  1911  Volume  II 


Hi 


today  (postage  10  cents)— you 
will  find  it  of  inestimable  value; 
a  book  to  be  kept  and  referred 
to  as  you  would  a  dictionary  or 
an  encyclopedia. 

The  Stark  Year  Book  for  1911 
is  a  practical,  testimonialized, 
easy-to-understand  text  book  for 
the  planter  of  fruit  trees  or  other 
products  ot  the  nurseryman.  It 
is  understandable  both  to  the 
experienced  and  the  inexperienced 
alike. 

Within  its  covers  are  31  full- 
page  illustrations  of  fruits  and 
flowers  in  natural  colors,  repre¬ 
senting  165  varieties  and  covering 
apple,  crab  apple,  quince,  pear, 
peach,  apricot,  cherry,  plum, 
grape,  currant,  raspberry,  black¬ 
berry,  mulberry,  dewberry, 
clematis  and  roses.  The  re¬ 
maining  88  pages  are  devoted  to 
descriptions  and  records  of  va¬ 
rieties  and  to  information  on  all 
subjects  directly  related  to  fruit 
growing,  such  as  planting  and 
caring  for  an  orchard,  pruning, 
cultivation,  cover  crops  etc.,  etc. 

Another  New  Book 

“The  Wonderful  Apple  Stark 
Delicious”  is  another  new  book 
(just  off  the  press)  that  you 
should  have.  It  tells  the  wonder¬ 
ful  story  and  record  of  Stark 
Delicious,  the  most  remarkable 
apple  ever  known  to  apple  his¬ 
tory;  it  also  describes,  illustrates 
and  prices  a  goodly  number  of 
specially  good  things  in  all  classes 
of  fruit  that  you  should  plant  this 

Stark  Bro’s  Nurseries  &  Orchards  Go* 
(22)  Box  35  Louisiana,  Missouri 


spring.  This  book  sent  free. 

Stark  Trees 

for  86  years  have  been  the 
standard  by  which  all  other  trees 
are  measured.  Stark  Trees  have 
stood  the  supreme  test  of  planting 
for  more  than  3-4  of  a  century— 
on  their  merits  alone  they  have 
made  us  friends  and  customers 
by  thousands  in  every  tree-plant¬ 
ing  community  in  the  country. 

Stark  Trees  are  the  kind  of 
trees  that  will  please  you — that 
will  make  you  the  best  and  most 
profitable  orchard.  They  are 
grown  right,  sold  at  fair  prices 
and  do  what  they  are  expected 
to  do — live  and  bear  good  fruit. 

Our  Stock 

for  spring  is  complete,  the  assortment 
unbroken,  the  varieties  the  best  of  the 
best,  including  Stark  Delicious,  Black 
Ben,  &  Stayman  Winesap  apples,  etc., 
Alton,  Krummel  Oct.,  and  the  Elbcrta 
family  of  peaches;  the  world’s  best 
grapes.  Eclipse,  King  Philip,  Delicious 
and  others.  The  best  of  the  sweet  and 
sour  cherries,  small  fruits,  roses,  orna¬ 
mentals,  shade  trees.,  etc.  Any  variety 
in  any  class  of  stock  that  is  worthy  of 
growing  and  planting  you  will  find  in 
our  stock.  Wc  have  everything  in  the 
fruit  tree  line  and  the  best  of  the  hardy 
ornamentals. 

Whether  or  not  you  are  ready  to 
place  your  order,  send  for  The  Stark 
Year  Book  for  1911  (postage  10  cents) 
and  “The  Wonderful  Apple  Stark  De¬ 
licious”  (sent  free).  You  will  find  much 
in  these  two  books  to  interest  you;  they 
will  help  you  to  a  better  understanding 
of  what  trees  should  be  and  why  Stark 
Trees  are  everything  trees  can  be. 


io 


r 


CHERRY ^ 

TREES 

for$1.95 


This  very  special  collection  of  10  Hardy  Cherry 
trees  will  be  sent  you  for  $1.95.  The  selections 
were  made  by  Mr.  Green  personally,  as  the  result 
of  his  30  years’  experience  as  a  successful  fruit 
grower.  Here  is  the  list— there  rinone  better- 
all  gilt-edged,  first-class,  largest  size,  2-year-old 
trees— and  all  for  $1.95. 

One  Dyehouse,  three  Early  Richmond,  five 
Montmorency,  one  English  Morello.  The  true 
value  of  these  is  $2.25  according  to  Green’s 
‘‘Direct  to  you”  Prices,  but  others  would  charge 
you  much  more. 

Here  is  another — a  Plum— bargain:  Six  first- 
class  Plum  trees,  medium  size,  worth  $1.50; 
Green’s  “  Direct  to  you  ”  price,  $1.00.  The  vari¬ 
eties  are  as  follows— 1  Burbank,  1  Abundance.  1 
Niagara,  1  Bradshaw,  1  Lombard,  1  York  State 
Prune— six  in  all. 

AGENTS  PRICES  CUT W  TWO* 

Greens 

\J  M  VA-- - —  DIRECT  TO  rOU. 


There  are  many  other  Bargain  Collections  of 
trees  to  be  found  in  our  1911  Catalogue — larger, 
finer  and  better  than  ever  before.  Every  tree  we 
send  you  is  first-class,  thrifty,  north  grown,  triple 
inspected  and  guaranteed  true  to  name. 

We  sell  direct— have  no  agents— and  our  priees 
are  only  one-half  what  agents  charge.  Read  this : 

“My  trees  arrived  in  good  shape.  They  are  fine, 
better  than  some  of  my  neighbor's  trees  which 
cost  twice  the  price  I  paid.” 

Send  today  for  our  1911  Catalogue  to  convince 
yourself.  We  will  also  send  you  free  our  souvenir 
book,  ”30  years  with  Fruits  and  Flowers.” 

GREEN’S  NURSERY  CO.,  Box  22,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


FRUIT  TREES  and  PLANTS 

At  priees  that  will  astonish  yon.  Send  for  Whole- 
sttle  Priee  List  and  Lithographs.  Several  good 
collections  cheap.  We  have  a  complete  assortment 
in  all  varieties  of  fruit  trees  and  plants.  Special 
Strawberry  Catalog.  Headquarters  for  the  Old- 
Fashioned  Sweet  Cherry.  No  crooked  or  inferior 
stock  sold  at  any  price.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
L’AMOREAUX  NURSERY  CO..  Schoharie.  N.  Y. 

Black's  Peach  Trees-!  911 


Trees  are  one  of  our  specialtie 
grow  for  quality  and  not  quantity  alone,  urn 
1%  trees,  however,  cost  little,  if  any,  more  than  th< 

i  CAri _ »id  amnlA,,  n/-v  a  .rantc  I  <1  it  vl 


] 

i 


ordinary  sort — we  employ  no  agents,  but  sell, 
.;5direct, saving  middleman’s  profits. w  ■  ■  i 

New  booklet,  "Springtime  andY3lU3Dl0 
Harvest  for  the  Fruit-grower,”  free.  L  1  I* 

Joseph  H.  Black,  Son  &  Co.  DOOKiGI 

Box  V,  Hightstown,  New  Jersey 


Sent  Free 


CHERRY  TREES 

100  Early  Richmond  Cherry 
TwoYear,  5  to  6  Feet,  $16,00 

Freight  paid  to  your  station.  All  other  nursery 
stock  sold  direct  to  planter  at  lowest  possible  prices 
for  high-grade  stock.  Send  for  descriptive  price  list. 

NEW  HAVEN  NURSERIES 

NEW  HAVEN,  MISSOURI 


CD  HIT  TDCCC  Pear*.  Bartlett,  Seckel  and  others. 
rKUI  1  IHlLj  Cherrle*  and  Plum*.  all  standard 
varieties.  Peaches  grown  from  buds  from  bearing 
eiock.  tret  wholesale  prices  direct  from  u8;also$lLot 
OlferB.  Free  Catalog.  Prize  Hampshire  sheep.  Write 
W.  P.  RUPERT  Ac  SON,  Box  20,  Seneca,  N.  Y. 


THE  APPLE  BUSINESS 

Is  a  sure  thing — if  you  have  the  right  kind  of 
a  tree.  People  may  plant  too  many  oranges 
but  the  good  old  apple  is  a  sure  thing.  The 
time  to  get  in  with  that  hillside  is  right  now 
— this  Spring. 

There  is  some  discussion  about  the  best 
aged  tree  to  plant.  Some  want  big  trees  and 
some  little  whips.  We  have  them  all! 

The  size  is  a  matter  of  opinion  but  every¬ 
body  agrees  that  the  health  and  life  of  the 
tree  is  more  important.  We  put  life  and 
health  in  our  trees — or  they  do  it  themselves. 

They  grow  in  strong  ground  with  no 
check  from  start  to  finish  and  with  a  long 
fall  season  to  harden  and  ripen  their  woods. 

They  are  sound,  free  from  disease  and 
ready  to  grow.  Every  variety  you  want 
and  every  tree  right. 

The  Catalog  tells  all  about  it. 

HARRISON’S  NURSERIES,  Box  15,  BERLIN,  MQ. 


FRUIT  TREES 


Eldorado  Blackberries,  Strawberry  and 
Raspberry  Plants.  Catalog  free. 

BARNES  BROS.  NURSERY  CO. 

Box  8,  Yalesville,  Conn. 


FRUIT  TREES 


Our  Proof  to  date  after  years  of  service  i£  that 
we  can  save  you  not  only  money,  but  disap¬ 
pointment  when  your  trees  begin  to  fruit. 
This  Proof  will  be  submitted  with  our  new 
catalog— ask  for  it  today  ***** 
H.  S.  WILEY  Ct  SON,  Box  122,  Cayu£a,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


380 


A  WAY  TO  BEAT  THE  CUTWORM. 

Last  Spring  I  had  a  fine  lot  of  cab¬ 
bage  plants  I  raised  in  my  greenhouse. 
When  the  weather  was  favorable  I  trans¬ 
planted  about  500  of  them  in  the  row 
out  in  the  garden.  Next  morning  more 
than  half  of  them  were  cut  off  by  cut¬ 
worms.  I  replanted  again  and  again, 
till  I  must  have  planted  between  2500 
and  3,000,  and  I  got  about  150  plants  to 
grow;  the  rest  were  cut  off  by  the  cut¬ 
worms.  I  had  1,000  tomato  plants  yet 
in  the  greenhouse,  which  I  did  not  wish 
to  feed  to  cutworms.  How  could  I  beat 
them?  To  tie  paper  around  each  one 
would  be  quite  a  job,  and  I  did  not 
like  to  put  down  bran  and  Paris  green, 
as  I  don’t  like  to  have  poison  lying 
around.  I  also  wanted  pots  to  trans¬ 
plant  into  from  the  benches,  and  I  re¬ 
solved  on  the  following  plan :  I  had  a 
roll  of  scrap  roofing  and  a  round  block 
of  iron  or  piece  of  three-inch  shaft  four 
inches  long.  I  cut  up  the  roll  into 
strips  10  inches  wide  and  the  width  of 
the  roll,  36  Miches  long.  Then  I  cut 
each  strip  (10x36  inches)  into  strips 
4x10  inches ;  rolled  them  around  my 
block  and  drove  in  three  small  tacks  at 
the  seam,  the  points  of  the  tacks  bent 


METHOD  OF  PROIECTING 


small  canning  factories  to  put  up  their 
surplus  fruits  when  the  market  price 
goes  down  so  that  it  will  not  pay  to 
ship  them.  The  small  factory  comes  in 
the  nature  of  an  insurance  policy  upon 
the  orchard.  There  is  always  a  demand 
for  good  canned  goods.  They  can  be 
kept  indefinitely.  There  are  a  number 
of  small  canning  factories  upon  the 
market  now.  Most  of  them  will  do  the 
work  recommended.  Full  instructions 
how  to  can  are  usually  sent  with  each 
factory.  I  do  not  recommend  these 
small  factories  for  canning  such  things 
as  corn,  peas  or  beans,  though  some 
manufacturers  claim  their  small  outfits 
will  do  such  work.  These  products  are 
much  more  difficult  to  can  than  to¬ 
matoes,  peaches,  apples  and  berries. 
Special  machinery  can  be  purchased  for 
canning  the  more  difficult  products 
when  more  experience  is  acquired. 

Virginia.  R.  h.  price. 


Apple  Culture  in  New  York. 

<8.  IF.,  Gowanda.  X.  1'. — I  have  a  piece  of 
gravelly  loam  that  lias  been  hard  worked 
for  several  years  without  much  being  put 
on  to  it.  I  am  going  to  set  out  100  apple 
trees  this  Spring  40  feet  apart,  with  peach 
trees  for  fillers,  manuring  around  trees. 
1  have  contracted  for  peas  for  canning 
factory  and  will  put  in  with  some  com¬ 
mercial  fertilizer  with  them.  I  wish  to 
growagreen  manure  crop  after  the  peasare 
off,  and  wish  to  know  which  would  be  the 
better  to  sow;  clover  with  the  peas  (also 
if  this  is  practical)  or  sow  buckwheat 
after  the  peas  are  cut.  Will  hand  cultiva- 


AGAINST  CUTWORMS.  Fig.  133. 


over  on  the  iron  and  made  a  perfectly 
strong  tube  3x4  inches.  I  transplanted 
into  these  pots  and  removed  to  cold 
frame  to  be  hardened.  In  a  week  or  10 
days  the  plants  had  grown  till  the  roots 
showed  at  the  bottom  of  the  pot,  and 
the  pots  were  full  of  roots.  The  pots 
can  be  handled  at  this  stage  without 
the  soil  falling  out  of  the  bottom  if 
kept  damp  and  bandied  gently.  Then  I 
scooped  a  hole  where  they  were  to  grow 
in  the  garden,  placed  in  the  pot  and 
filled  up  the  hole  with  soil.  Then  by 
jarring  or  shaking  the  pot  a  little  it 
could  be  drawn  half  way  out,  leaving 
the  soil,  roots  and  plant  undisturbed 
and  the  pot  forming  a  protecting  collar 
around  the  plant.  I  leave  them  this 
way  till  the  cutworm  season  is  over, 
when  the  pot  can  be  drawn  off  over 
the  top  of  the  plant  and  used  again.  In 
this  way  the  plant  has  no  setback  and 
gains  a  week  or  more  over  plants  set 
out  the  usual  way.  I  did  not  lose  one 
plant  treated  this  ,  way,  and  I  used  the 
pots  several  times  for  eggplants,  cucum¬ 
bers  and  later  tomato  plants,  and  still 
have  them  to  use  again  this  year;  100 
square  feet  of  roofing  will  make  about 
360  pots,  and  they  can  be  made  in  less 
than  two  hours.  A  piece  of  three-inch 
pipe  four  inches  long  or  more  will  make 
a  good  former  or  block,  of  course  a 
larger  pipe  for  a  larger  pot.  Pot  and 
method  of  use  are  shown  in  the  picture. 

New  Jersey.  r.  thomas.  !- 


Home  Canning  Outfit. 

T.  P.  E..  Peabody,  Mass. — I  saw  in  The 
R.  N.-Y.  lately  something  about  canning 
vegetables  commercially.  I  would  like  to 
inquire  if  it  is  feasible  for  a  man  to  start 
a  small  canning  business,  say  by  raising 
his  own  stock  at  first,  and  then  branching 
out. 

Ans. — Yes.  This  is  the  method  I 
have  advocated  for  beginners  to  start 
with  for  about  15  years.  I  suppose 
something  near  a  hundred  small  fac¬ 
tories  have  started  along  this  line  in 
different  States,  following  this  advice, 
and  I  have  not  yet  heard  of  a  single 
failure.  As  an  illustration  I  might 
state  that  when  I  first  undertook  some 
experimental  work  along  this  line  at 
Texas  Experiment  Station,  there  were 
several  large  company  canning  fac¬ 
tories  idle  and  rusting  down  in  different 
parts  of  the  State — perishable  monu¬ 
ments  of  failure.  The  main  cause  of 
failure  was  due  to  lack  of  experience. 
Men  who  had  been  connected  with 
these  enterprises  advised  me  that  it  was 
no  use  to  try  to  make  the  canning  busi¬ 
ness  a  success.  Now,  the  business  has 
grown  so  much  from  these  small  be¬ 
ginnings  that  many  orchardists  have 


tion  for  three  or  four  feet  around  the  trees 
for  two  or  three  years  do,  so  that  crops 
that  need  no  cultivating  can  be  grown 
between  the  rows? 

Ans. — I  should  if  possible  plow  up 
and  cultivate  a  short  time  after  peas 
were  off,  and  then  seed  heavily  to 
clover,  one-third  of  seed  Alsike  and  two- 
thirds  Medium  or  Mammoth.  I  would  like 
this  better  than  to  seed  with  the  peas, 
and  if  early  peas  were  sown  there  would 
be  plenty  of  time  to  get  the  corn  crop 
in.  I  would  not  in  future  grow  any 
crop  except  a  cover  crop  between  trees. 
With  us  apple  growing  is  not  given  very 
great  attention,  nothing  as  much  as  it 
deserves,  because  grape  growing  is  so 
easy  and  profitable.  Clover  as  above 
noted  and  vetch  is  used  in  orchards 
here ;  both  are  very  satisfactory.  I 
would  hardly  be  able  to  choose  between 
the  two.  But  do  not  try  to  grow  crops 
between  trees.  It  never  pays  after  the 
first  year.  You  may  get  something  out 
of  it,  but  the  trees  have  to  pay  for  it. 

Erie  Co.,  Pa.  a.  i.  loop. 


Saves 

Breakfast 

Worry— 

A  package  of 

Post 
T  oasties 

on  the  pantry  shelf. 

Served  in  a  minute. 
With  cream  or  stewed  fruit. 

DELICIOUS! 

SATISFYING! 

“The  Memory  Lingers” 

Postum  Cereal  Co.,  Ltd., 
Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

- - 


*'I  Would  Buy  a  NATIONAL’ 
Dress— If  I  Were  You!” 


"I have  worn  ’NATIONAL’ Dresses 
for  many  years,  ”  writes  one  reader 
of  Rural  New  Yorker,  “  and  I  find 
them  delightful.  I  never  miss  an 
opportunity  to  say  to  all  my  friends, 

' I  would  buy  a  ‘NATIONAL’  Dress, 
if  I  were  you.  ’  ” 

“If  I  were  you,  I  would  buy  a 
‘National’  Dress.”  And,  Madam,  so 
you  would — if  you  knew  the  ideal  we 
keep  before  us  —  to  put  all  possible  pretti- 
ness  into  each  creation,  to  have  each  gown 
a  model  of  fashion,  and  to  attain  the  utmost 
in  becomingness  and  beauty  for  YOU. 

We  never  select  a  design  without  com 
parison  with  dozens  of  other 

designs  —  without  placing  side  Copyright,  1911,  by  National  Cloak  and  Suit  Co. 

by  side  the  best  models  of  New  York  and  Paris  to  make 
sure  that  each  “National”  Dress  is  finer,  more  beautiful, 
more  satisfactory,  as  well  as  incomparably  more  becoming 
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And  what  of  “National”  Waists,  and  Skirts,  and  Hats, 
and  all  “National”  Apparel  for  Women,  Misses  and 
Children?  Of  every  kind  your  “National”  Style  Book 
shows  you  the  most  desirable  and  most  stylish — 
always  the  absolute  best.  It  shows  you 


Waists  .  .  98  cents  to  $8.98 
ladies’  Skirts,  $3.98  to  $14.98 
lingerie  Dresses$4.98  to  $22.50 
Silk  Dresses,  $11.98  to  $29.98 
Girls’  Dresses,  $1.49  to  S5.98 
Misses’  Tailored  Suits, 

$9.98  to  $17.98 


Hats  .  .  .  $1.93  to  $14.98 

Muslin  Underwear, 

20  cents  to  $5.98 
Petticoats,  59  cents  to  $7.98 
Misses’  Wash  Dresses 
and  Misses’  Tub  Suits, 

$2.98  to  $9.98 


And  the  wonderful  new  Made-to-Measure 
Tailored  Suits,  prices  $15  to  $40.  A  liberal  assort¬ 
ment  of  samples  of  the  materials  used  for  these 
suits  will  be  sent  you  free,  if  you  state  the  colors 
you  prefer.  Samples  will  be  sent  gladly,  but  only 
wlu  n  asked  for. 

Your  Style  Book,  the  copy  wo  are  now  reserving 
here  for  you  toils  you  on  page  90  “How  and 
Where  the  New  Styles  Originate.”  pictures  for  you 
four  “  National”  Dresses  in  their  Paris  Home, 
shows  you  on  page  69  the  Paris  Originals  of 
“ National”  Dresses;  page  75  is  a  page  of  won 
derful  dress  values— four  beautiful  Lingerie  Dresses 
at  $6.98  and  $7.98. 

It  is  the  most  wonderful,  interesting  and  valu¬ 
able  Style  Book  ever  published— and  one  copy 
is  yours— is  waiting  for  you  to  write  for  it  now. 

The  “NATIONAL”  Policy 

The  "  NATIONAL”  prepays  expressage  and 
postage  to  all  parts  of  the  world. 

You  may  return,  at  our  expense,  any 
NATIONAL”  Garment  not  satisfactory  to 
you,  and  we  will  refund  your  money. 

National  Cloak  &  Suit  Co. 

273  West  24th  Street,  New  York  City 

Mail  Orders  Only.  No  Agents  or  Branches 


CAHOON  SEED 

Saves  buying  expensive  drills.  Most 
perfect  broadcast  sower  for  ail  grain 
and  grass  seed.  Accurate,  simple, 

durable.  Made  of  steel,  iron  and  brass.  Lasts  a  life  time. 

Saves  time,  saves  seed  and  gives  bigger  crops • 

Highest  priced  sower  made,  but  pays  for  itself  many  times  yearly.  IT 
your  dealer  cannot  supply  you,  we  will  deliver  the  Cahoon  to  any 
express  office  east  of  the  Mississippi  River  on  receipt  of  $4.  Send  for  . 
“Seed  Sowers’  Manual;”  tells  howto  produce  bigger  crops  witfi 
less  seed.  It’s  Free. 


GOODELL  CO..  14  Main  St..  Antrim.  New  Hampshire. 


Supreme 

Quality 


There  are  many  kinds  of  quality.  JOHNSTON  19  a 
name  recognized  by  farmers  the  world  over  as  standing 
for  supreme  quality  in  farm  machinery.  There  arc  no 
“weak  spots,”  no  second-grade  materials,  no  careless  work¬ 
manship  in  JOHNSTON  machines.  They  represent  the 
most  advanced  development  along  modern  lines,  with 
simplicity,  strength  and  durability  their  accomplished 
aim.  They  are  famed  for  their  ease  of  operation,  low 
cost  of  maintenance,  and  adaptability  to  all  soil  and 
grain  conditions.  While  they  cost  more  to  manufacture 
than  less  carefully  constructed  machines,  they  cost  the 
farmer  no  more,  and  will  give  many  more  years  of  satisfactory  service.  Any  JOHNSTON 
user  will  tell  you  these  machines  are  the  best  made  and  the  most  profitable  to  own. 


CORN  BINDER 

Enables  the  farmer  to  harvest  his  crop  easier,  quicker  and  cheaper  than  with  other 
machines.  It  cuts  and  ties  corn  where  other  binders  are  even  unable  to  start.  Simply 
constructed,  light  of  draft,  all  levers  convenient  to  operator.  Will  bind  corn  either 
above  or  below  the  ears.  Has  more  good  exclusive  features,  is  more  reliable  and 
will  give  longer  satisfactory  service  than  any  other  binder. 

THE  JOHNSTON  LINE  includes  Grain  Binders,  Reapers,  Manure 
Spreaders,  Rakes,  Spring  and  Spike  Tooth  Harrows,  Side=Delivery 
Rakes,  Corn  Binders,  Mowers,  Tedders,  Hay  Loaders,  Disc  and  Orchard 
Harrows,  Land  Rollers,  etc. 

If  you  are  interested  in  buying  farm  machines  of  supreme  quality, 
send  postal  to-day  for  our  new  ion  catalog.  It  will  interest  you.  Or 
state  what  tool  you  are  interested  in,  and  we  will  send  booklet. 

THE  JOHNSTON  HARVESTER  CO.  Box  100  C  BATAVIA,  N.  Y. 


380 


THE  RURAL  NEW»YORKER 


March  25. 


STRAWBERRIES  IN  THE  COLD  COUNTRY. 

8.  S.  C.,  Hardwick,  Vt. — I  have  been 
greatly  interested  in  your  articles  on  straw¬ 
berry  growing,  and  have  worked  the  thing 
out  for  myself  so  I  think  I  have  fair  pros¬ 
pect  of  success,  if  it  were  not  for  the  late 
Spring  frosts.  They  tell  me  that  on  this 
account  strawberries  are  not  so  safe  a  crop 
here  as  in  sections  farther  south,  but  owing 
to  the  fact  that  deep  freezing  of  the  ground 
and  deep  snows  retard  the  growth  in  Spring, 
it  seems  to  me  that  the  time  from  begin¬ 
ning  of  growth  until  danger  from  frost  is 
past,  may  be  no  longer  here  than  it  is 
farther  south,  so  that  the  blooming  season 
here  would  he  at  as  safe  a  time  as  it  is 
anywhere,  but  1  have  always  lived  here 
and  do  not  know  anything  about  other 
parts  of  the  country. 

Ans. — There  is  practically  no  danger 
of  killing  strawberry  plants  by  frost  in 
Vermont  if  one  is  willing  to  practice 
the  most  approved  methods  of  mulch¬ 
ing.  E.  H.  Hallett,  of  Caledonia  County, 
has  had  remarkable  success  for  a  series 
of  years  in  growing  strawberries.  His 
method  of  mulching  is  as  follows:  When 
about  six  inches  of  snow  has  fallen  and 
Winter  has  begun  to  come  on,  he  then 
puts  on  quite  a  heavy  mulch  of  straw  or 
coarse  manure  and  allows  this  to  stay 
on  all  Winter  and  until  late  in  the 
Spring.  This  of  course  means  that  the 
'strawberries  will  be  frozen  into  the 
ground  and  will  be  kept  frozen  all  Win¬ 
ter  long,  and  by  allowing  the  mulch  to 
remain  on  until  quite  late  in  the  Spring 
the  plants  are  not  allowed  to  start  until 
all  danger  of  late  Spring  frosts  is  past. 

M.  B.  CUMMINGS, 

Vt.  Experiment  Station. 


FACTS  ABOUT  JAPAN  PLUMS. 

When  the  first  Japan  plums  began  to 
produce  fruit  here  there  was  a  feeling  that 
many  plums  would  be  grown,  and  that  they 
could  be  sold  very  cheap  at  a  profit.  Now, 
after  20  years  or  so  of  experience,  the 
price  of  plums  is  very  low,  but  the  mar¬ 
ket  for  them  is  very  limited,  and  there  is 
no  fruit  of  which  a  small  surplus  will  so 
thoroughly  demoralize  the  market  as  this, 
especially  if  poorly  grown.  As  a  well- 
known  Boston  commission  house  puts  it, 
it  was  the  only  fruit  they  could  not  sell 
at  some  price  on  a  glutted  market.  Yet 
some  seasons  a  limited  amount  can  be  sold 
at  fair  profits  in  our  local  markets,  but 
when  peaenes  are  plenty  and  cheap  the 
market  for  these  plums  is  quite  limited  ,  as 
the  fruit  stands  s-11  prartnaliy  nothing  ex¬ 
cept  California  fruit.  The  list  of  com¬ 
mercial  varieties  has  changed  little  from 
earlier  years,  but}  some  worthless  ones 
have  been  weeded  out,  and  a  few  of  some 
value  have  been  introduced. 

First  (Burbank). — Very  early  clingstone, 
lightest  pink,  very  juicy,  not  very  good 
quality,  has  ripened  practically  all  at  once 
with  me.  A  tree  for  home  use  or  a  very 
f-w  for  a  local  market  might  pay,  but 
think  it  too  soft  for  a  shipping  plum. 

Rod  .Tune. — By  all  odds  the  best  early 
plum  we  have  raised,  firm  flesh  and  good 
shipper  and  keeper. 

Abundance. — This  has  proved  one  of  our 
standbys,  one  of  the  best  in  quality  when 
well  grown  and  then  sells  well  as  an  eating 
plum. 

Burbank. — This  plum  has  done  more  to 
demoralize  the  plum  trade  here  than  all 
others;  in  unfavorable  weather  rots  and 
cracks  and  is  often  rushed  upon  the  mar¬ 
ket  when  it  gives  little  satisfaction  to 
buyers.  I  have  not  grown  it  for  a  num¬ 
ber  of  years. 

Sliiro. — The  only  greenish  white,  or  yel¬ 
low  plum  of  the  Japan  class  or  hybrid  I 
have  found  of  any  value.  Fairly  good 
quality,  but  the  color  prevents  its  selling 
well  in  our  markets,  which  prefer  a  darker 
plum. 

Chabot. — This  has  proved  a  commercial 
plum  of  value,  when  well  grown;  a  fine 
canning  plum,  but  lacks  color  when  over¬ 
loaded  with  fruit. 

Satsuma. — A  fine  selling  plum,  blood  red 
fleshed,  but  tree  is  short-lived  and  tender 
here.  Of  some  of  the  Burbank  seedlings  I 
will  mention  Climax,  early  and  one  of  the 
largest  in  size;  rots  and  cracks  in  wet 
weather ;  tree  weak  and  short-lived. 

Combination. — Tree  tender  and  no  value 
here. 

Sultan. — Satsuma  type,  a  heavy  bearer, 
but  tree  weak  and  has  proved  unsatisfactory 
here. 

Hale. — Shy  bearer  and  no  value  to  us. 

Wickson. — Upright  grower,  but  tender  on 
tree;  no  good.  One  crop  is  generally  the 
limit,  and  sometimes  not  that ;  fruit  large 
end  handsome. 

October  Purple. — The  best  of  the  Bur¬ 
bank  seedlings  I  have  grown ;  clingstone, 


but  a  large  juicy  plum  coming  late  in  the 
season,  fairly  good  quality.  I  will  not 
mention  some  others  which  have  proved 
of  little  or  no  value,  but  must  say  as  far 
as  my  experience  goes,  the  really  valuable 
commercial  plums  here  would  be  Red  June; 
Abundance,  Burbank,  where  it  will  not  rot; 
Chabot  and  October  Purple,  in  a  limited 
way.  H.  O.  MEAD. 

Worcester  Co.,  Mass. 


SOME  APPLES  FOR  OHIO. 

I  would  like  to  know  what  the  objec¬ 
tions  are  to  the  following  varieties  of  ap¬ 
ples.  I  do  not  see  them  discussed.  I  am 
thinking  of  setting  a  few  of  each  for  for 
Cleveland  market — Tetofsky,  Colvert,  Red 
Beitlgheimer  and  Pewaukeo.  I  have  set 
out  Duchess,  Y'ellow  Transparent  and 
Winesap.  It  seems  as  if  this  country 
had  plenty  of  Baldwins  and  nurserymen 
seem  to  be  short  of  them.  Would  (Tano, 
Mammoth  Black  Twig  and  Arkansas  Black 
be  as  reliable  growers  and  good  bearers? 

Norwalk,  O.  m.  a.  s. 

Tetofsky,  while  possessing  several  points 
of  merit  for  an  early  apple,  in  inferior 
to  Yellow  Transparent,  which  is  nearly  as 
early  and  both  larger  and  better  in  flavor. 
Colvert  is  not  very  generally  known  in 
Ohio,  due,  no  doubt,  to  the  fact  that  there 
are  other  varieties  of  its  season,  which 
are  superior.  It  is  not  very  good  in 
quality,  drops  badly  and  is  not  a  good 
keeper  after  picking.  As  the  correspond¬ 
ent  already  has  Yellow  Transparent  and 
Duchess  I  should  recommend  that  the  season 
be  extended  still  further  with  Wealthy, 
which  is  a  splendid  late  Summer  and  early 
Fall  variety,  bearing  young.  Wealthy  is 
prolific,  of  good  quality  for  dessert  or  cook¬ 
ing  and  the  fruit  keeps  well  in  cold  stor¬ 
age  until  midwinter,  if  carefully  picked  and 
stored.  Red  Beitigbeimer  is  very  large 
and  is  attractive  because  of  its  size  and 
peculiar  light  red  color ;  but  is  coarse  in 
flesh  and  poor  in  quality.  Its  great  size 
renders  it  salable  to  those  who  are  attracted 
by  the  unusual.  The  trees,  on  the  writer’s 
ground,  are  shy  in  bearing,  and  the  great 
apples  drop  badly.  The  Wolf  River  is 
preferable  to  the  Beitigbeimer  because  of 
greater  prolificacy,  while  its  size  is  fully 
as  large  and  its  color  more  attractive. 
I  should  not  plant  many  trees  of  either 
variety.  Pcwaukee  is  prolific,  but  dull  in 
color,  drops  badly  before  the  crop  is  ready 
to  gather  and  is  not  generally  a  good 
keeper.  The  inquirer  would  do  well  to 
plant  Baldwin,  Jonathan  and  Grimes  in 
i  orthern  Ohio.  Red  Canada  is  rather  suc- 
i cssful  in  this  latUude,  ard  is  of  good  ap¬ 
pearance  and  flavor  as  is  also  the  Balti¬ 
more.  The  fact  that  Baldwin  tiees  are 
scarce  in  the  nurseries  is  hardly  sufficient 
evidence  that  the  planters  are  fully  sup¬ 
plied.  Really,  on  the  contrary,  it  evi¬ 
dences  that  the  demand  is  greater  than 
the  supply.  Mammoth  Black  Twig  and 
Arkansas  Black  are  tardy  and  shy  bear¬ 
ers  in  northern  Ohio,  and  would  prove  un¬ 
profitable  and  disappointing.  Gano  is  pre¬ 
ferable  to  Ben  Davis — in  name,  if  not  in 
other  characteristics.  It  is  practically  a 
smooth  red  instead  of  a  striped  Ben  Davis. 
Ben  Davis  is  becoming  harder  and  harder 
to  sell  to  those  who  are  learning  the  dif¬ 
ference  between  high  and  low  quality  in 
apples.  At  our  recent  National  Corn  Show 
at  Columbus,  there  was  a  booth  at  which 
Washington  State  apples  were  sold  for 
eating.  Black  Ben  Davis,  Stayman  Wine- 
sap  and  Rome  Beauty,  were  offered,  each 
variety  being  labeled  with  large  card  labels 
bearing  the  name.  For  the  first  two  or 
three  days  the  monstrous,  attractive  Black 
Bens  bore  their  proper  label ;  but  evidently 
they  went  slowly,  for  the  label  was  soon 
changed  to  “Washington  Red  Pippins.” 
They  doubtless  sold  better  following  this 
questionable  juggling  of  names,  for  the 
proper  label  did  not  again  appear  during 
the  show.  F.  H.  BALLOU. 


CHANGE  THE  BEARING  HABIT. 

What  can  be  done  to  apples  like  Bald¬ 
win  to  make  them  bear  a  crop  every  year? 

Conditions  vary  so  much  in  different 
localities  that  it  is  pretty  hard  to  give 
any  specific  advice.  I  have  an  orchard 
of  mixed  Baldwins  and  Greenings  that 
bear  annually  exceedingly  good  crops.  For¬ 
merly  they  were  very  irregular  in  this 
respect.  I  attribute  this  result  to  keeping 
the  trees  in  good  vigorous  growing  con¬ 
dition  and  an  ample  supply  of  plant  food 
always  at  hand,  particularly  potash  and 
phosphoric  acid.  In  my  opinion,  trees  to 
bear  regularly  here  in  the  East  should 
have  a  certain  application  each  year  rather 
than  wait  for  crops  before  applying  this 
material.  *1  consider  potash  in  the  form 
of  sulphate  superior  to  that  of  muriate, 
and  phosphoric  acid  as  supplied  by  basic 
slag  superior  to  acid  phosphate,  particu¬ 
larly  as  regards  fruit  trees.  G.  a.  drew. 

Connecticut. 

That  nature  may  be  helped  in  some 
ways  goes  without  saying,  but  I  cannot 
believe  that  any  set  rule  or  practice  could 
be  followed  that  would  work  out  the  re¬ 


sults  sought.  1  fancy  this  question  arises 
largely  among  men  who  may  universally 
have  light  yields  when  they  have  any,  be¬ 
cause  of  lax  methods.  I  rarely  hear  any 
complaint  among  practical  orchard  men 
who  have  big  yields  of  Baldwin  and  Green¬ 
ing  every  other  year.  They  simply  make 
the  best  of  what  they  get  and  coax  the 
trees  up  by  proper  methods  to  do  the  same 
thing  another  year  when  they  are  ready. 
1  once  heard  of  a  man  who  offered  a  re¬ 
cipe  for  a  consideration  that  would  work 
out  the  results  you  refer  to ;  of  course, 
he  simply  had  a  gold  brick  for  sale.  We 
have  some  trees  that  bear  only  every  other 
year,  and  have  no  thought  of  making  any 
experiment  to  change  their  habits. 

New  York.  H.  s.  wilet. 

In  order  to  change  habit  of  biennial 
bearing  of  Baldwins  and  Greenings,  would 
plow  after  growth  commenced,  whether  in 
sod  or  otherwise ;  prune  rather  severely, 
give  frequent  cultivation  until  July  1,  and 
sow  cover  crop,  fertilizing  for  only  normal 
tree  growth.  Practice  severe  hand  thin¬ 
ning  of  first  heavy  crop,  before  August  1  ; 
July  15  would  be  better  in  order  to  in¬ 
crease  fruit  buds  following  (light  crop) 
year.  .  E.  w. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  20. 


Olympic  Nature  Nursery, 

THE  FOREST  CONSERVATORY. 

Oregon  Grape,  Rhododendron,  Madrona,  Huckle¬ 
berry,  Ferns,  Blackberry,  Salal,  Twin  Flower, 
Spirea,  Trillium,  Wild  idly-of-the-Valley,  Ever¬ 
greens  and  other  Puget  Sound  Plants  and  Flowers. 

Special  Mail  Collections — Ten  plants  for  50  cents; 
24  for  $1,  postpaid  in  the  United  States.  Money 
back  if  not  satisfied.  Make  money  orders  payable 
to  JOEL  SllOMAKER,  Neliita,  Washington. 


rREES  W,SH  FOR  98c 

1  Roosevelt,  1  Bradshaw  Plum,  1 
Niagara  Peach,  1  Bing,  1  Napo¬ 
leon,  I  Montmorency  Cherry,  1 
Baldwin,  1  McIntosh,  1  King 
Apple,  1  Orange  Quince,  1  Bartlett, 

1  Seckel  Pear.  All  first  class  trees, 

2  yr.,  4  ft.  high  for  98c.  Everybody 
write  for  free  illustrated  catalogue. 
Wells,  Box  13  Dansvilh,  N„  Y. 


PLANT  HARDY  TREES 

Healthy,  acclimated,  high  grade,  true  to  label  fruit  trees 
and  plants  forh’orthern  States  at  wholesale  prices,  direct 
from  nursery  to  planter.  Send  for  catalogue. 

^EURl^lUMjURSERIES^ES^JQuMszn^rc^ 


12  FRUIT 


Maloney  Bros.  & 


House  Drainage. 

On  page  207  G.  W.  D.  asks  about  house 
drainage,  and  speaks  about  a  system  some 
one  describrd  previously.  At  that  time  I 
was  just  finishing  a  new  house,  and  I 
followed  up  his  plan,  making  a  settling 
pool  three  by  four  feet,  four  feet  deep,  and 
cementing  and  then  a  cesspool  15  or  20 
feet  from  the  settling  pool ;  the  cesspool 
eight  feet  deep  with  dry  wall,  then  arch 
over ;  then  four-inch  pipe  running  from 
both  rooms  to  settling  pool  with  elbow  let¬ 
ting  the  water  in  below  the  surface  of  the 
water.  An  elbow  takes  the  water  out  be¬ 
low  the  top  of  the  water,  then  running  in 
to  cesspool  and  it  works  all  right. 


REASONS  WHY 


BLANCHARD’S 


BRAND” 


Spraying\fSFylVlateriais 
ARE  THE  BEST 

REP  A  IKE  Blanchard  is  the  OLDEST  manufacturer  of 
DlUAUOL  agricultural  sprays  in  the  world. 

REPAIKE  Blanchard  is  the  LARGEST  manufacturer  of 
DlUAUOL  agricultural  sprays  in  the  world. 

REPAIKE  li*nnrl,ar,i  the  only  firm  whose  exclusive  bus- 
DLuMUoL  mess  is  manufacturing  sprays  and  insecticides. 

H  T  p  A  ||Q  C  Blanchard  is  the  only  manufacturer  of  a  COM- 
DlUAUOL  PLETE  LINE  ol  agricultural  sprays. 

REP  A  IICE  Blanchard’s  are  the  most  PERFECTLY 
DLUAUOL  EQUIPPED  factories  in  the  world. 

REP  A  IKE  Blanchard  usee  his  own  improved  processes 
DlUAUOL  and  makes  nothing  hut  insecticides  and  sprays, 

SOME  BLANCHARD  PRODUCTS 

LION  BRANO  Lime-Sulphur  LION  BRAND  Kerosene 

Solution  Emulsion 

LION  BRAND  Bordeaux  Mixture  LION  BRAND  Whale  Oil  Soap 
LION  BRAND  Pure  Paris  Green  LION  BRAND  Insect  Powder 
LION  BRAND  Arsenate  of  Lead  LION  BRAND  Powdered  Tobacco 

Even'  successful  grower  knows  he  must  spray  to  have 
an  orchard  constantly  increasing  in  value  and  earning 
capacity. 

ft’s  simply  a  question  whose  spraying  materials  to  use. 
Tliose  who  know  will  have  done  hut  HI. A  NCH ARD’S 
I. ION  VRANI).  because  of  their  scientific,  formulas, 
perfection  in  manufacture,  and  dependable  uniformity 
in  quality  and  effectiveness.  Huy  from  your  local  dealer 
or  write  to  us  and  refuse  to  allow  any  one  to  substitute 
any  other  brand. 

LION  BRANO  PRODUCTS  ARE  GUARANTEED  UNDER  THE 
INSECTICIDE  ACT  OF  1910  BY 

THE  JAMES  A.  BLANCHARD  CO., 

524  Hudson  Terminal,  111  Broad  St., 

New  York  St.  Joseph,  Mich. 

FRFF  RfHlKI  FT  “When,  How  and  Why  to  Spray,”  >« 

i  m-1  pool'll.  I  filled  with  interesting  and  valuable  spraying 
information.  Semi  your  addtesR  tor  a  Fuse  Copy. 


WOOD’S  HIGH-GRADE 


Farm  Seeds. 


We  are  headquarters  for 
the  best  in  all  Farm  seeds. 

Grass  and  Clover  Seeds 
Seed  Corn,  Cotton  Seed, 

Cow  Peas,  Soja  Beans, 

gSorgTiums,  Kaffir  Corn,  ^ 

Millet  Seed,  Peanuts,  etc.  q 

''Wood’s  Crop  issued 
Special”  monthly 
gives  timely  information  as  to 
seeds  to  plant  each  month  in 
the  year,  also  prices  of  Season¬ 
able  Seeds.  Write  for  copy, 
mailed  free  on  request. 


Fresh  Dug’  Nursery  Stock. 

A  complete  assortment  of  the  finest  Genesee  Valley 
Grown  Fruit  Trees,  etc.  Stock  guaranteed,  prices 

rightca&fe°r  free  L  w-  HALL  &  CO.,  Rochester,  N.Y. 


SALESMEN  WANTED 

TO  SELL  TREES  AND  PLANTS 


Free  outfit.  Commis¬ 
sion  paid  weekly.  Write 
for  terms.  PERRY  NURS¬ 
ERIES,  Rochester,  N.  Y, 


— 150  ACKKS.  Genesee  Valley 
grown.  “Not  the  cheapest,  but 
the  best.’’  Never  have  had  San 
Jose  Seale.  Established  1869. 

TATAinr  VRVX7  GEO.  A.  SWEET  NURSERY  CO., 
CATALOG  FREE  20  Maple  St..  Dansville,  N.  Y. 


CATALPA  spte»ce'e"ss* 

Mine  are  true  to  name.  Write  for  Free  booklet  which  tells 
all  about  the  iso  acres  I  am  growing  for  telephone  poles. 

H.  C.  ROGERS,  Box  11,  Mechanicsburg,  Ohio. 


FRUIT  TREES  AND  PLANTS  JSs 

Apples  ...  $15.00  per  IOC) 
Peaches  ...  $8.00  per  lOO 

Cherries  ...  $10.00  per  lOO 

Strictly  First-Class  Stock,  Government  In¬ 
spected.  Write  today  for  our  free  cat  alogue 
on  Fruits  and  Orni'nientals,  and  buy  riireet 
from  tin-  growers.  Our  trees  are  grown  in  that 
great  nurserv  belt  of  Ontario  County. 

ONTARIO  NURSERY  CO.,  Inc. 

GENEVA,  N.  Y.  Box  No.  21 


PLANT  $1.00  soc"!^ 

and  get  one  of  these  collections: 

10  Cherry  Trees _ or  10  Pear  Trees 

10  Pluto  Trees - or  III  Peach  Trees 

12  (Snipe  Vines  or  50  Berry  Bushes 

5  liose  Bushes . or  5  Shrubs 

McKay's  Catalogue  Free 
W.  L.  McKAY,  Geneva,  N.  Y.  Box  R 


Pomeroy  Hardy  English  WALNUT  TREES 

Free  Illustrated  Booklet 
ENGLISH  WALNUT  FARM 
I),  N.  POMEltY,  LOCKPOliT.  N.  Y. 


EVERGREENS. 

Largest  stock  in 
America,  Including 

Colorado  Blue  Spruce 
and  Douglas  Spruce 
of  Colorado. 

Also  Ornamental 
Shade  and  Forest 
Trees. 

R.  DOUGLAS’  SONS 
Waukegan,  III. 


BOO  Varieties.  Also  Grapes,  Small  Fruits,  etv.  Best 

rooted  stock.  Genuine,  cheap.  2  sa-mpte  currants  mailed  for  10c. 
Catalog  free.  LEWIS  KOKSCHA  SON,  Box  h  ,Fredonla,  N.  F, 


RAPEVINE 


Large  stock.  Best  varieties.  Best  Grade. 
Guaranteed  true. 

SPECIAL  OFFER. 

We  will  send,  postpaid,  10  strong,  hardy,  two- 
year-old  Git APK VINES— best  varieties,  red, 
wliite  and  black  —  for  $1 .00.  Just  the  kind 
for  planting  around  the  house,  along  fences,  or 
in  the  garden.  W e  also  offer  Five  Three-Year- 
Old  vines  For  SI.OO.  Will  bear  year  after 
L  planting.  Our  valuable  book,  how  to  plant 
and  prune,  free  with  every  order.  Mention 
tills  paper  and  we'll  add  free  one  new, 
large,  red  currant. 

T.  S.  HUBBARD  COMPANY 

Grapevina  Spacialista 

^350  Central  Ave.,Krcdonla,N.Y. 

Established  11  years. 


CABBAGE  SEED 

New  Enkhuizen  Glory  (the  world’s  best  cab¬ 
bage)  :  extra  selected  seed,  my  own  importa¬ 
tion.  direct  from  Introducers  in  Holland,  of 
this  truly  wonderful  Cabbage,  Lb.  $2.60,  Oz., 

36  cts.,  I'kt.,  10  Cts.  K.  J.  Wakefield,  All 
Head  Kurly.  Early  Summer,  Succession, 
Winnigstadt,  Surehead.  Late  Flat  Hutch, 
Drumhead,  Lb.  $1.50,  Oz.  20  cts.,  Pkt.  5  cts. 
Postpaid.  Write  for  free  Catalog. 

J.  AUG.  DRAKE,  Seedsman.  1(0  Main  St.  Chester,  N.  J. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


3£»1 


$1,000  FOR 


LETTERS 


on  “HOW  FARMERS  CAN  MAKE  MONEY 
WITH  GASOLINE  ENGINES” 

Write  to  Fuller  &  Johnson  Mfg .  Co.  for  Full  Details — NOW  l 

Farmers  all  over  this  country  are  just  beginning  to  wake  up  to  the  tremendous 

money-making  possibilities  of  high-grade  gasoline  engines,  yet  not  one  farmer  in  a  hundred  fully  realizes  the  importance 

and  money  •'value  of  these  aids  to  successful  and  more  profitable  farming,  when  applied  to  his  own  work  on  his  own  farm. 

Good  gasoline  engines  are  mechanical  marvels  which  mean  immensely  increased  farm  production,  multiplied  farm  profits,  a  higher  standard  of  living 
and  vast  savings  in  labor  and  wages. 

We  are  offering  $1,000  in  cash  prizes  in  order  to  get  together  the  best  ideas  of  practical  farmers  and  farmers’  sons  on  “How  Farmers  Can  Make 
Money  With  Gasoline  Engines.”  Our  object  is  threefold: 

First:  To  stimulate  widespread  interest  in  the  subject  of  the  profitable  use  of  gasoline  engines. 

Second:  To  widen  the  field  for  gasoline  engines  by  learning  of  every  possible  use  to  which  they  are  and  can  be  applied. 

Third  :  To  familiarize  farmers  everywhere  with  the  merits  of  Fuller  &  Johnson  Double  Efficiency 
Engines,  the  most  successful  agricultural  engines  ever  designed  or  built.  We  are  willing  to  pay  big 
money  for  new  and  useful  ideas. 

The  Most  Intensely,  Vitally  Interesting 
Subject  Ref  ore  the  Modern  Farmer 

Your  letter  may  be  the  one  to  win  the  Grand  Prize.  Don’t  you  think  $300  in  cash  is  pretty  good  pay  for  merely 
writing  a  letter  ? 

-  And  there  are  sixty-one  cash  prizes  in  all,  making  a  grand  total  of  ONE  THOUSAND  DOLLARS  which  we 
are.  going  to  distribute  to  those  who  write  the  sixty-one  best  letters  on  this  fascinating  and  important  subject.  The 
eminent  men  who  have  consented  to  act  as  judges  insure  absolute  fairness  to  every  contestant. 

Whether  or  not  your  letter  wins  a  prize,  it  will  be  worth  a  great  deal  of  money  to  you  to  thoroughly  investigate 
this  great  question.  You  will  be  astonished  to  find  how  the  gasoline  engine  opens  up  a  new  world  of  possibilities. 
You  will  find  all  about  your  opportunities  for  more  profit  which  had  been  entirely  overlooked. 

Costs  Nothing  to  Enter  the  Contest ! 

There  are  absolutely  no  restrictions  as  to  who  may  take  part  in  this  contest  except  that  contestants  must  be  farmers 
or  the  sons  of  farmers  working  on  the  farm.  What  we  want  is  IDEAS,  expressed  in  your  own  way — without  regard  to 
literary  style.  You  need  not  be  an  engine  owner.  The  facts  you  give  may  be  based  on  observation  or  experience. 

We  want  ideas  that  arc  practical  and  valuable.  It  makes  no  difference  what  engine  you  have  studied  or  worked 
with  in  gaining  the  information.  It  costs  you  nothing  to  try— and  we  urge  you  to  “get  in  the  game.” 

A  Nation-Wide  Educational  Campaign  on  the  Money-Making  Possibilities  of  Gasoline  Engines 


GRAND  TOTAL  -  $1,000 

Any  farmer  or  farmer’s  son  working  on  the 
farm  can  compete  for  these  splendid  prizes.  No 
expense  or  obligation  incurred.  Not  necessary 
to  be  an  engine  owner  to  enter  the  contest.  Ideas 
arc  what  count,  not  literary  style  or  grammatical 
correctness.  Write  just  as  you  would  talk,  in 
everyday  language.  Letters  must  contain  at 
least  soo  words,  and  not  to  exceed  1,000  words. 

JUDGES 

We  are  pleased  to  announce  that  the  editors  of 
leading  agricultural  papers  have  accepted  appoint¬ 
ment  as  judges  of  all  letters  sent  us.  This  guaran¬ 
tees  every  contestant  that  the  letters  submitted 
will  be  judged  Strictly  on  their  practical  value 
and  without  any  favor  being  shown  any  person. 

The  contest  closes  May  ist,  the  time  having 
been  extended  at  the  urgent  request  of  many  busy 
farmers.  Write  at  once  for  Special  Circular  giving 
full  details  of  the  great  $1,000  Cashl’rize  Offers. 


$1,000 

Cash  Prizes 

for  Letters  on 

“How  Farmers  Can 
Make  Money  With 
Gasoline  Engines” 

Grand  Prize  -  -  -  -  $300 
Second  Prize  -  -  -  -  200 

Third  Prize .  100 

Fourth  Prize  -  -  -  -  75 

Fifth  Prize .  50 

Sixth  Prize .  25 

Ten  Prizes,  $i0  each  -  -  100 

Twenty  Prizes,  $5  each  -  loo  gj  Every  Farmer  Ought  to  Own  a  “FULLER  &  JOHNSON” 
Twent»-five  Prizes,  $2  each,  50  m  Let  Us  Tell  You  How  to  Get  One  at  Lowest  Price  Possible 


We  have  started  this  far  reaching  educational  campaign  for  the 
benefit  of  the  farmers  and  the  entire  gasoline  engine  industry. 

It  will  focus  the  attention  of  the  agricultural  world  on  the  value 


of  engines  as  labor-savers  and  wealth  producers.  Tt  will  uncover 
countless  unusual  uses  to  which  engines  may  be  applied  and  prove 
of  tremendous  benefit  to  the  farmers  of  this  country. 


FULLER  &  JOHNSON 

Double  -  Efficiency 

FARM  ENGINES 


Fuller  &  Johnson  Farm  Engines  arc  famous  for  Double-Effi¬ 
ciency.  The  value  per  dollar  being  the  greatest  offered  by  any 
engine  concern,  makes  our  prices  extremely  low,  and  the  value  of 
our  product  correspondingly  high.  Our  business  was  established 
in  1840.  The  great  engine  works  of  Fuller  &  Johnson  have  the 
most  up-to-date  and  complete  engine  building  equipment  in  the 
United  States. 


They  are  manned  by  experts  whose  training  and  skill  are  un¬ 
equalled  in  the  engine  industry.  Our  engines  have  won  the  foremost 
place  in^the  favor  of  power  users.  The  man  who  owns  a  “Fuller  & 
Johnson  ’  has  the  best  that  money  can  buy. 

Write  us  and  we  will  tell  you  how  to  get  a  “Fuller  &  Johnson” 
from  our  nearest  dealer  at  surprisingly  low  cost,  quality  considered, 
carrying  with  it  the  broad  and  liberal  guarantee  of  the  maker. 


Fuller  &  Johnson  Engines  Absolutely  Unexcelled 


Fuller 
We 

cannot 

&  Johnson”  the  O.Nl.Y  engine  for  farm  use, 

its  high  efficiency  and  matchless  simplicity;  its  “frost-proof,” 
engines. 


“dust-proof,”  “trouble-proof”  features  have  made  it  supreme  among  farm 


Send  Coupon  for  Free  Engine  Books  and  $1,000  Prize  Offer  I 

The  coupon  or  a  letter  or  postal  card  brings  full  particulars  of  the  big  $1,000  letter-writing  contest 


Get  in  line  for  a  big  cash  prize  1 
and  our  valuable  Engine  Books. 

You  can’t  spend  a  little  time  to  better  advantage  than  in  looking  into  this  subject,  ‘‘How  Farmers  Can  Make  Money  With  Gasoline 
Engines.” 

whether  you  are  ready  to  buy  an  engine  or  not, get  posted  on  Fuller&JohnsonDouble-  Efficiency  Engines 
NOW.  If  you  haven’t  y  it  sent  for  the  catalog  of  our  wonderful  little  Farm  Pump  Engine,  askfor  a  free 
copy  today.  Somebody  is  going  to  pick  up  every  ono  of  the  cash  prizes — irhy  not  be  one  of  the  winners  7 


* 

♦ 

* 


392 


THE  RCJR.A.I*  NEW-YORKER 


March  25, 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  20. 


200  Bushels  of  Strawberries 
From  a  Single  Acre* 

One  of  our  patrons  made  this  record  -with 
plants  bought  of  us.  Just  a«k  a  commission 
man  what  this  quantity  of  fruit  would  have  . 
brought  the  grower  any  year  lately,  and 
you’ll  see  that  there's  money  in  berries. 


Knight’s  Free  Book 
on  Small  Fruit 


Tells  the  best  Strawberries,  Rasp¬ 
berries,  Blackberries,  Dewberries, 
Gooseberries,  Currants,  etc.,  and  just 
how  to  grow  them.  Knight's  plants 
have  a  national  reputation  for  superior 
quality  and  high  vigor.  Send  today^ 
for  free  copy  of  our  catalogue. 

David  Knight 
&  Son 

Box  56  Sawyer,  Mich. 


AUT.TFATIIER 

STANDARD  QT.  BASKET  and  CRATES 


ARE  WHAT  YOU  WANT 


Special  prices  for  March  orders. 
Catalogue  Free.  Address 

H.  H.  AULTFATHER,  Minerva.  Ohio. 


Strawberry  Plants  Descriptive  Catalogue 

Free.  BA81I.  PERRY.  D.  18,  Cool  Spring,  Del. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS— Guaranteed  true  to  name.  Illust. 
Catalog  free.  G.  E.  BUNTING,  Selbyville,  Del. 


rnn  oil  r  -50.000  Strawberry,  20,000  Lucretia 
rUn  OnLX  Dewberry,  20,000  Grapevines.  Send 


for  pricelist.  JOHN  CASAZZA.  Vineland,  N,  J. 


Cuthbert  Raspberry,  Eldorado  Blackberry, 
Wineberry,  Barrs  Mammoth,  and  Giant 
Argenteuil  Asparagus,  Privet,  etc. 

Prices  and  plants  will  satisfy. 

H.  II.  CORSON  <fe  SON,  Avondale,  Pa. 

MILLIONS  OF  FLOWERING 

and  Decorating  Plants  of  all  kinds,  including  Early 
and  Late  Vegetable  Plants  in  abundance,  for  Flor¬ 
ists.  Landscape  Gardeners,  Parks,  Institutions, 
etc.,  at  wholesale  prices.  Send  for  lists. 

ALONZO  J,  BRYAN,  Wholesale  Florist,  Washington,  N.  J. 


OLYMPIC  NATURE  NURSERY 

Rhododendrons,  Madronas, Oregon  Grapes,  Huckle¬ 
berries  and  other  wild  shrubs,  plants  and  flowers. 

By  mail,  10  for  50  cents,  24  for  SI. 00,  postpaid. 

Money  back  if  not  satisfied. 

JOEL  SHOMAKFR,  Nellita,  Washington. 


0 II  |fl  Li  CCCn — Home  grown  YellowGlobe,  $1.25  lb. 
UNIUN  GLLU  postpaid;  5  lbs.  by  express,  $5.50. 
J.  B.  QUIRK,  North  Madison,  Ohio. 


CM!  Q  A  I  C— Cow  Peas,  $2.50  to  $3.00  bushel; 
itJH  OALL  Crimson  Clover  Seed,  $8.50  bushel: 


Black-Eyed  Peas,  $3.00  bushel. 

JOSEPH  K.  HOLLAND  .  .  Milford.  Del. 


Qu/oot  Pntatn  Plante  only  $2.00  per  1000,  special 
OnCCi  lUldlU  r  I Q II  lb  prices  011  5000  lots,  Price 


Jinc 

5  SON,  Hartly,  Del. 


CHD  C  A I  C—  CHOICE  SEED  POTATOES  free  from 
■  Un  OALX  blight  or  rot;  have  been  planted 
beside  of  many  kinds  for  the  past  two  years;  have 
out  yielded  them  all.  Price  60c  per  bu.;  in  lots  of 
ten  bu.,  55c;  bags  free.  J.  0.  GRAVES,  Prattsburg,  N.  Y. 

FOR  SALE-BALED  HAY'3"Kms“1',1,,-i 


alfalfa  and  timothy; 
alsike.  Fine  quality. 


30  tons  mixed  timothy  and 

A.  C.  PHILLIPS.  Onondaga,  N.Y. 


50,000  ASPARAGUS  PLANTS 

Grown  from  seed  saved  from  most  profitable  field 
in  Middle  Delaware.  Owing  to  press  of  other  work 
cannot  use  them.  Offer  for  sale  at  $2.00  per  M. 

S.  H.  DERBY  &  CO.  .  .  Woodside,  Del. 


INOCULATED  ALFALFA  SOIL 

75  cents  per  hundred,  $10.00  per  ton.  F.  O.  B.  Ash- 
ville,  Pa.  Send  for  FREE  booklet  “  How  to  Grow 
Alfalfa.”  Dr.  H.  SOMERVILLE.  Chest  Springs, 
Cambria  County,  Pa. 


ALFALFA 

All  Northern  grown,  guaranteed  to  be  99  percent 
pure  and  free  from  dodder.  Write  for  free  sample 
on  which  we  invite  you  to  get  Government  tests. 
This  seed  should  produce  hay  at  $60  per  acre 
annually.  Free  instructions  on  growing. 

GRAIN  AND  GRASS  SEED 

Northern  grown  and  of  strongest  vitality.  We 
handle  export  grade  only  and  can  furnish  grass  mix¬ 
ture  suitable  for  any  soils. 

best  Boll  restorer 
known,  an  excellent 
preparation  for  Al¬ 
falfa.  We  have  purchased  large  stocks  of  choice 
seed  at  so  reasonable  a  price  that  we  can  retail  at 
ordinary  wholesalers’  prices.  Write  for  free  catalog. 

THE  WING  SEED  COMPANY 

BOX  723  MECHANICSBURG,  OHIO. 


KT  STRONGEST 
r  ELiwLtrgL  MADE.  Buii- 

strong  chick¬ 
en-tight  Sold  to  the  user  at  Wholesale 
Prleea.  We  Pay  Freight.  Catalogue  free. 

COILED  SPRING  FENCE  CO.,' 
Box  2  63  Winchester,  Indiana. 


AGENTS  100%  PROFIT 


IN  ONE 


Most  perfect  and  valuable  Com¬ 
bination  of  tools  ever  invented.  Sells 
at  sight  to  Fanners,  Plumbers, 
Machinists,  Automobile  Owners,  in  stores  and  the  homo. 

Made  of  Drop  Forged  high  grade  carlion  steel.  One  agent  in 
Essex  County,  N.  V.,  after  a  6  days’  canvass  ordered  100  tools. 
His  profit  $100.00.  Big  snap  for  agents.  Sample  free  to  workers. 


T.  THOMAS  MFG.  CO.,  2865  Wayne  St,  Daytca,  Ohio 


THOSE  BIG  WALNUT  TREES. 

Several  readers  have  sent  us  the  fol¬ 
lowing  extract  from  Boston  papers : 

If  Luther  Burbank,  sometimes  called 
“the  California  Wizard,”  can  produce  a 
Black  walnut  tree  in  16  years  that  will 
stand  100  feet  high,  with  a  spread  of  more 
than  50  feet,  and  a  breast-high  diameter  of 
three  feet,  there  is  thought  to  be  little  fear 
that  there  will  be  a  famine  in'  that  class  of 
timber.  There  is  thought  to  be  no  doubt 
that  Mr.  Burbank  has  actually  accom¬ 
plished  this  marvelous  feat,  for  in  his  il¬ 
lustrated  lecture  before  the  Appalachian 
Mountain  Club,  in  Huntington  Ilall,  last 
night,  Herbert  W.  Gleason  not  only  assured 
his  audience  that  this  was  a  fact,  but 
showed  them  pictures  of  these  trees  and 
specimens  of  the  lumber  sawed  from  their 
trunks. 

There  is  some  basis  to  this  story  of 
big  Burbank  walnut  trees,  but  the  rate 
of  exaggeration  is  probably  not  less  than 
60  per  cent.  There  are  many  hybrid 
walnut  trees  in  California,  most  of  them 
the  result  of  natural  agencies,  and  with 
scarcely  an  exception  they  are  very  rapid 
growers  if  standing  in  good  soil.  It  is 
quite  possible  that  hybrids  between  the 
Eastern  and  California  Black  walnuts, 
such  as  Burbank’s  are  said  to  be,  have 
grown  50  or  more  feet  in  16  years,  but 
100  feet  is  beyond  all  reason.  Mr.  Bur¬ 
bank  is  an  excellent  cultivator,  and  gets 
all  that  is  possible  out  of  his  plants,  but 
the  published  stories  are  usually  made 
larger  than  the  realities.  Most  of  the 
fast-growing  hybrid  walnuts  are  in¬ 
fertile,  and  can  only  be  propagated  by 
grafting,  which  greatly  lessens  their 
value  as  shade  and  prospective  timber 
trees.  Walnuts  are  wind-pollinated,  and 
as  seedlings  are  extensively  grown  for 
stocks  and  ornamental  plantings,  It  is 
not  at  all  unusual  to  run  across  hybrids 
either  between  the  two  black  species, 
Juglans  nigra  and  J.  Californica,  or  be¬ 
tween  the  latter  and  the  Persian  edible 
walnut,  J.  regia.  They  are  always  prized 
for  their  strong  growth  and  handsome 
foliage,  but  rarely  have  value  as  nut 
bearers.  It  will  be  a  long  day  before 
the  approaching  timber  scarcity  is  re¬ 
lieved  by  growing  hybrid  walnuts. 


Manure  Substitute  for  Hotbeds.  . 

M.  E.  L.,  Centre  Belpre,  O. — Is  there  any 
substitute  for  horse  manure  that  can  be 
used  in  making  hotbeds?  If  there  is,  what 
is  it,  and  is  it  just  as  good  as  the  horse 
manure? 

Ans. — We  do  not  know  of  anything 
equal  to  manure.  Horse  manure  is  best, 
but  sheep  or  poultry  manure  mixed  with 
cut  straw  will  do.  We  have  heard  of 
silage  hot  from  a  silo  and  badly  de¬ 
cayed  being  used.  It  is  sometimes  pos¬ 
sible  to  get  considerable  heat  out  of 
wet  straw  mixed  with  lime,  but  nothing 
quite  equals  horse  manure. 


A  $30,000  Apple. 

J.  A.  M.,  Colorado. — On  page  58  of  the 
“Youth’s  Companion”  of  February  2,  is  an 
item  of  a  new  apple  in  Washington  for 
which  the  nursery  company  has  refused 
$30,000.  What  are  its  great  merits  mak¬ 
ing  it  so  valuable? 

Ans. — I  have  also  read  this  item  about 
“An  Apple  Tree  Worth  $30,000,”  and 
while  it  may  be  true  that  a  nursery  in 
Washington  “has  recently  refused  that 
sum”  for  one,  so  the  statement  goes,  I 
do  not  think  any  new  variety  is  worth 
that  much  and  I  seriously  doubt  if  the 
above  is  true.  There  is  likely  some  mis¬ 
take  about  it.  I  do  not  know  what  va¬ 
riety  is  referred  to,  but  I  do  know  a 
variety  that  is  called  Chelan  that  was 
said  to  be  an  accidental  seedling  by  a 
certain  Indian  named  Charley  Wapato, 
and  that  a  few  persons  have  made  quite 
a  stir  about.  If  this  is  the  variety  (for 
the  item  referred  to  goes  on  to  say  that 
the  original  tree  was  grown  by  an  In¬ 
dian),  it  is  not  worth  $30,  in  my  opin¬ 
ion,  much  less  $30,000.  The  Chelan  is  a 
fairly  good  apple  of  something  the 
same  character  as  Ortley,  but  is  not 
equal  to  it  in  color  or  flavor;  for  the 
latter  is  a  clearer  yellow,  much  more 
handsome  and  decidedly  better  in  qual¬ 
ity.  Their  seasons  of  ripening  are  about 
the  same,  which  is  early  to  midwinter, 
although  the  Chelan  is  a  little  later.  I 
am  glad  that  no  nursery  is  getting  a 
boom  for  this  writing  on  a  variety  that 
may  not  be  very  valuable.  We  should 
be  glad  to  help  along  any  really  superior 
new  fruit,  but  the  greatest  caution  should 
be  used  in  putting  forward  any  and  all 
varieties.  h.  e.  van  deman. 


“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers ;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
.hose  who  till  it.” — Adv. 


if  foe  has  a 

KR/VU5p,vosclxk^CILT1VAT0RJ 


He  simplysteers  it — the  machine  does  ALL  the  work.  A  slight 
pressure  of  the  foot  moves  the  wheels  and  shovels  simultaneously 
to  the  right  or  left  at  the  will  of  the  driver,  while  the  width  between 
gangs  and  depth  of  shovels  are  instantly  and  easily 
adjusted  while  machine  is  in  motion 

Hillsides,  Uneven  Land  and  Crooked  Rows 
as  Easily  Cultivated  as  Level  Ground. 

Simple  in  construction — nothing  to  get  out  of  order.  Made 
entirely  of  steel  and  malleable  iron — every  part  interchangeable. 

Builtfor  wearand  work.  Ligbtdraft.  High  or  low  wheels  or  Pivot- 
gang.  Also  Clipper  Hammock  Seat.  C]f  There  is  just  one  Kraus — 
if  you  dealer  does  not  have  it  accept  no  other — but  write  us.  Send 
to-day  for  free  catalog. 

V  AKRON  CULTIVATOR  CO.,  Dept.  313,  Akron,  Ohio 


“The  DAMNING  OF  JONES.” 


The  Implement  Trust  says-”  Damn  JONES  and  out  of  business 
with  him”  because  he  Is  the  only  man  who  dares  to  sell  you  a 
warranted-take-it-home-and-try-it-before-buyingrBcale  of  any  size 
or  kind  at  the  dealers  price.  Money  talks  and  vour  money  Is  as 
good  as  any  dealers’  and  your  credit  better.  Send  for  my  oner  and 
their  reason  for  “damning  Jones.” 

“JONES  He  Pays  the  Freight.” 

30  Nay  St.,  BINGHAMTON,  N.  ¥. 


FARMOGERM 

High-Bred  Nitrogen  Gathering  Bacteria 

Increases  Crops  and  Makes  Poor  Soil  Good  Soil 

You  will  surely  plant  some  of  the  crops  known  as  legumes,  such  a s  g Arden  and  field 
peas  and  beans,  alfalfa,  all  the  clovers,  alsike,  vetch,  etc.  With  all  these  crops  >ou  may 
use  Farmogerm.  And  that  will  mean  not  only  a  bumper  crop  this  year,  but  soil  so  ricn 
in  nitrates  that  it  will  produce  several  big  yields  of  any  crop  without  "ltiogen 

tilizer  being  needed.  Because  Farmogerm  inoculates  the  soii  with  nitrogen-gathertng 
bacteria  of  strong  vitality,  specially  bred  up  to  a  high  state  of  nitrogen -fixing  power. 
They  increase  rapidly  in  the  soil  and  plant  roots,  by  the  millions  .and  draw u  nitrogen 
from  the  air.  feeding  it  to  the  growing  crop  and  storing  it  in  the  soil  for  future  crops. 
Farmogerm  will  cut  your  fertilizer  bills  in 
half.  A  trial  will  prove  our  claims.  It  is  no 
experiment.  Let  us  send  you  letters  from  those 
who  have  used  it  and  know.  High  authorities 
recommend  it.  It  is  guaranteed  to  be  right. 

It  is  Ready  For  Use.  Just  mix  with  water  and 
moisten  seed  or  spray  over  soil  or  young  plants. 

It  insures  larger  yield,  greater  food  value,  earl¬ 
ier  maturity.  When  ordering,  state  what  crop 
you  want  to  test. 

Acre  Size,  $2.00 — Garden  Size,  50c. 

Why  spend  money  for  expensive  nitrate  fer¬ 
tilizers  and  for  spreading  when  you  can  put 
more  nitrates  in  your  soil  than  crops  can  use 
in  several  seasons  at  the  low  cost  of  $2.00  an 
acre  and  practically  no  extra  work. 

WRITE  TODAY  FOR  BOOK.  T  You  have 
nothing  to  lose  and  perhaps  hundreds  of  dollars 
to  gain  through  a  better  and  more  economical 
method  of  fertilizing.  This  is  the  most  wonder¬ 
ful  development  of  modern  scientific  farming. 

Investigate — that’s  all  we  ask 


EARP-THOMAS  FARMOGERM  CO.  I 
Bloomfield ,  N.  J.  I 


Better  Than 
Nitrate  of 
Soda 

at  fraction  of  cost 
and  labor.  Accord¬ 
ing  to  Government 
figures,  a  crop  well 
inoculated  with 
nitrogen-  gathering 
bacteria  will  leave 
in  the  soil,  for 
future  crops,  an 
amount  of  availa¬ 
ble  nitrogen  equal 
to  from  800  to  1,000 
lbs.  of  nitrate  of 
soda.  Yet  the  soda 
would  cost  you 
$20.00.  The  Bac¬ 
teria  will  cost  you 
$2.00.  Which  for 
you  ? 


Ricker  Ha y  Carrier- 


SAVES  LABOR  AND  LASTS  A  LIFETIME 

One  season’s  labor  saved,  pavs  Its  cost.  Adapted  for  barn  or  stack,  with  fork  or 
sling.  Easy  draft,* no  binding  on  track,  and  holds  the  load  at  any  point,  ihe 
result  of  40  years’  experience — therefore  it  can’t  be  excelled.  Many  dilTerent 
styles  for  every  requirement. 

SENT  ON  EXAMINATION  AND  APPROVAL 

Wc  are  specialists  in  labor-saving  devices  for  the  barn.  Send  for  our  booklet,  show¬ 
ing  hay  and  litter  carriers,  hay  forks  and  slings,  stanchions,  etc.  Agents  wanted  for 
barn  specialties. 

THE  RICKER  MFG.  CO.,  250  No.  Water  Street,  Rochester, 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS. 

Seven  of  the  very  best  varieties  out  of  a  hundred: 
they  have  stood  the  test,  we  have  them  pure  and 
our  prices  are  right. 

Also,  have  a  few  more  of  our  selected  New  Stone 
Tomato  Seed  at  $1.00  per  lb.,  as  long  as  they  last. 

Don’t  forget  to  get  our  1011  Catalogue  of  all  kinds 
of  vegetable  plants  in  their  season.  We  have  a 
fine  lot  of  Asparagus  Roots  to  offer  this  spring— 
the  finest  we  have  ever  had. 

ROMANCE  SEED,  PLANT  AND  TRUCK  FARM, 

Caleb  Boggs  &  Son,  Cheswotd,  Delaware. 

HIGH  GRADE  STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 

V5  rite  for  list  and  prices. 

J.  BI5T8CHEU  .  .  .  Canal  Dover,  Ohio. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS-  New  and  old  varieties.  Send 
for  new  Illus.  Catalogue  for  19ii.  Priees  from 
$1.50  per  1,000  up.  DAVID  RODWAY,  Hartly,  Del. 

Our  free  book  quotes 
lowest  priees,  honestly 
describes  00  varieties, 
explains  C.  O.  D.  plan, 
tells  how  to  plant  and  grow  strawberries,  rasp¬ 
berries,  blackberries,  grapes,  etc. 

A.  G.  BLOUNT,  Dept.  A,  Hastings,  N.  Y. 

STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 


PLANTS 


Express  prepaid. 

H1LLCREST  FRUIT  FARM 


Send  for  catalogue. 

.  .  Washington,  Indiana 


WHOLESALE  PRICES 


On  Strawberry,  Raspberry,  Blackberry,  Goos 
Currant,  Asparagus  and  Grape  Plants,  Heavy 
High  Grade  Stock.  19th  Annual  Catalogue 
A,  R.  WESTON  &  CO,  R.  8 


ooseberry. 
Rooted. 
Catalogue  Free. 
BrMgouut  Mich, 


5,000  QUARTS  OF 

STRAWBERRIES 

in  September  and  October 
from  one  acre  by  planting 
Kevitt’s  New  Fall-Bearing 
Plants.  This  I  guarantee  or 
I  will  return  your  money 
paid  for  plants.  Send  for  my 
catalogue.  Over  five  new 
fall-bearing  varieties. 

T.  C.  KEVin,  ATHENIA,  N.  J. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  for  Business.  Fancy 
Berries.  That’s  what  talks.  Leading  varieties. 
Catalogue  free.  D.  M.  TEETER,  Belleville,  Ohio. 

KTUAWItEK  It  Y  Plants.  Semi  for  free  catalog.  Large 
stock  Miller,  best  red  raspberry,  only  $5  per  1000.  Also, 
eggs  for  hatching.  Pure  W.  IV v.  and  B.  P.  It.,  26  eggs 
for  $1.25.  Slayjiakkr  &  Son,  AVyoming,  Del. 


STRAWBERRY  AND  Leading  varieties. 

RASPBERRY  PLANTS  - 


_ ig  varieties.  Catalog  free. 

BERTBAKER,  Hoosick  Palls,  N.  Y. 


S 


TRAWBERRY  PLANTS  only  $1.50  &  $1.75  per  1000.  IUus. 
Catalogue  Free.  S.  A.  VIRDIN,  Hanly,  Del. 


ISPARAGUS 
I00TS. 


Six  varieties  of  healthy,  thrifty  one  and  two-year-old  roots. 
Also,  full  line  Fruit  Trees,  Ornamental,  Strawberry  Plants,  Vines, 
California  Privet,  Garden  Tools,  Spraying  Outfits,  etc. 

Write  for  catalog  and  valuable  Spraying  Chart.  It’s  FREE. 

ARTHUR  J.  COLLINS,  Box  K,  Moorestown,  N.  J. 


1911 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


393 


“RENOVATING  LAND.” 

On  page  232  A.  W.  G.  asks  about 
using  rye  as  green  manure  in  renovat¬ 
ing  a  very  poor  piece  of  land,  and  says 
he  put  on  $2  worth  of  fertilizer  per  acre 
to  start  with.  I  have  renovated  a  piece 
of  very  good  land  something  along  his 
lines,  only  as  my  land  was  a  little  sour 
I  used  about  a  ton  of  wood  ashes  to  the 
acre  on  the  crop  that  was  turned  under, 
and  let  the  second  crop  ripen  and  cut  it 
with  a  reaper.  I  plowed  as  soon  as  the 
rye  was  off  and  then  put  15  loads  of 
horse  manure  on  to  the  acre,  harrowed 
six  to  eight  times  with  a  tongueless  disk, 
and  then  sowed  500  pounds  to  the  acre 
of  a  bone  and  potash  mixture  that  runs 
about  3-18-13,  and  then  harrowed  about 
six  times  over  with  a  common  square 
harrow.  Then  I  bushed  it  over  once  and 
sowed  20  quarts  of  Timothy  seed  to  the 
acre,  bushed  it  over  twice  more,  once 
each  way,  and  called  it  renovated.  Of 
course  it  took  some  time,  and  the  ashes 
and  other  fertilizer  cost  me  more  than 
$2  per  acre,  but  the  grass  got  a  big 
growth  before  Winter  came,  and  it  will 
cut  good  crops  of  good  hay  for  years.- 
I  would  like  to  mention  also  that  we 
blasted  out  about  30  rocks  and  put  a 
ditch  through  it.  I  hope  A.  W.  G.  will 
not  have  to  do  all  I  did,  but  he  will 
make  a  mistake  if  he  depends  on  green 
rye  alone,  or  with  $2  worth  of  fertilizer 
per  acre,  for  that  will  give  him  very 
little  plant  food,  but.  if  he  uses  the  rye 
to  make  humus  and  adds  stable  manure 
or  other  fertilizer  liberally  with  an  eye 
to  the  future  the  future  will  reward 
him.  will  w.  CLARKE. 

Connecticut. 


A  Guarantee  for  Trees. 

It  is  now  a  well-known  fact  that  most 
of  the  Catalpa  trees  that  have  been  and 
are  now  being  sold  for  Catalpa  speciosa 
are  some  of  the  worthless  varieties.  I 
receive  letters  every  week  from  men  who 
have  bought  Catalpa  trees  from  tree 
peddlers,  and  who  of  course  have  signed 
the  ordinary  nurseryman’s  order  blank 
agreeing  to  take  the  trees.  This  blank 
generally  has  a  guarantee  to  replace  all 
trees  that  prove  not  true  to  name,  but 
sometimes  lias  no  guarantee  at  all.  After 
the  farmer  signs  for  the  trees  he  learns 
of  the  great  danger  he  is  in  of  getting 
the  worthless  kinds  of  Catalpa.  The 
matter  of  planting  and  caring  for  worth¬ 
less  trees  three  or  four  years  is  serious, 
and  the  guarantee  is  not  adequate  at  all 
to  cover  the  loss  incurred  in  case  the 
trees  are  of  the  worthless  kinds.  Can 
a  man  who  has  signed  an  order  after¬ 
ward  demand  a  guarantee  of  say,  five 
times  the  purchase  price,  or  enough  to 
somewhere  nearly  recompense  him  for 
loss  of  land  and  labor,  and  if  the  nursery 
selling  the  trees  refuses  to  give  such 
guarantee,  can  the  farmer  legally  refuse 
to  accept  the  trees  or  pay  for  them? 

H.  C.  ROGERS. 

R.  N.-Y. — We  do  not  see  how  a  buyer 
after  having  signed  a  contract  can  legal¬ 
ly  demand  an  additional  guarantee  un¬ 
less  he  could  show  that  fraud  had  been 


had  the  Alfalfa  started  than  the  weeds 
began  to  come.  There  was  red-root,  pig¬ 
weed,  ragweed  and  nearly  every  other 
kind  of  weed  that,  will  grow  on  a  clay  soil. 
In  August,  there  was  Alfalfa  on  the  rich¬ 
est  side  of  the  field  that  measured  22  inches, 
and  weeds  nearly  twice  as  high. .  Of  course, 
this  had  to  be  clipped,  so  it  was  mowed 
the  early  _part  of  September  with  machine 
tilted  as  high  as  possible.  It  did  not  start 
much  after  this,  but  looked  good  when 
snow  came.  To  be  sure  it  is  too  early  to 
tell  whether  this  piece  will  be  a  success 
or  not.  but  we  wish  to  avoid  the  weeds 
next  time.  They  have  always  been  our 
stumbling  block.  We  have  another  field 
that  was  in  clover  in  1909.  It  was  mown 
twice.  There  was  some  Alfalfa  seed  mixed 
with  the  clover  when  sown,  and  it  showed 
quite  plainly  at  the  second  cutting.  This 
clover  sod  was  plowed  under  in  March, 
1910.  A  light  dressing  of  manure  was  ap¬ 
plied,  and  about  300  pounds  of  14  per  cent, 
acid  phosphate  to  the  acre.  This  was  well 
harrowed  in  and  it  was  planted  to  flint 
corn  in  hills  three  feet  each  way.  The 
field  contains  about  three  acres,  and  we 
husked  out  over  350  bushels  of  ears.  This 
field  will  be  sown  to  oats  and  peas  this 
Spring,  with  another  application  of  acid 
phosphate,  the  oats  and  peas  to  be  cut 
green.  Here  is  my  proposition.  Leave  a 
portion  of  this  field  unseeded  and  immedi¬ 
ately  after  the  oats  and  peas  are  off  plow, 
put  on  a  dressing  of  manure,  harrow  thor¬ 
oughly  and  seed  to  Alfalfa.  I  don't  think 
the  weeds  would  bother  any  then.  Would 
you  advise  putting  on  the  manure?  Also, 
would  you  use  any  fertilizer  at  this  time?  I 
shall  apply  the  litmus  test  and  use  lime 
if  necessary.  Would  you  advise  using  the 
lime  before  the  oats  and  peas  are  sown, 
or  when  seeding  to  Alfalfa?  We  can  use 
soil  from  the  other  field,  or  get  it  from  the 
experiment  station  if  that  proves  to  be  a 
failure. 

Ans. — We  should  have  clipped  that 
first  field  several  times  through  the 
Summer — starting  before  the  weeds 
grew  10  inches  high.  With  this  re¬ 
peated  clipping  the  Alfalfa  would  have 
had  a  better  chance.  Your  plan  for  this 
year  is  a  good  one.  We  should  spread 
the  manure  on  the  oats  and  pea  stubble 
and  plow  it  under.  In  order  to  be  sure 
we  should  use  about  300  pounds  of  a 
mixture  of  acid  phosphate  and  potash, 
for  Alfalfa  will  repay  the  best  care  and 
fair  expense.  If  the  lime  is  needed  on 
that  soil  we  should  use  it  at  the  time 
of  seeding  to  oats  and  peas. 


An  Experiment  with  Land. 

I  was  much  interested  in  J.  B.  W.’s  re¬ 
ply  to  Mr.  Hunt,  on  page  154.  Now  J. 
B.  W.  would  have  us  suppose  that  every 
pound  of  plant  food  taken  from  the  soil 
must  be  put  back  In  order  to  hold  the 
vitality  of  the  soil.  If  this  is  true,  then 
it  would  seem  that  the  office  of  Nature  is 
to  manufacture  and  not  to  produce.  I 
am  only  a  “back  to  the  farm”  man,  with 
limited  experience,  and  not  much  knowledge 
of  agriculture,  and  while  I  do  not  think 
that  nature  will  produce  juicy  fruit  out 
of  stone,  I  believe  she  will  do  her  share 
If  met  half  way.  For  my  own  satisfac¬ 
tion  I  am  going  to  disprove  J.  B.  W.’s  the¬ 
ory.  I  have  one-half  acre  of  sod  (fair), 
which  I  am  going  to  plow  up  and  plant 
with  potatoes,  using  200  pounds  of  a  fair 
grade  of  potato  manure  (400  pounds  per 
acre)  ;  as  soon  as  I  get  the  crop  off  will 
sow  to  rye,  to  be  turned  under  the  fol¬ 
lowing  Spring,  when  the  ground  will  again 
be  planted  with  potatoes,  using  200  pounds 
of  fertilizer.  Next  year  ditto,  and  so  on. 
I  expect  every  year  to  see  a  larger  crop 
of  potatoes  and  a  smaller  crop  of  weeds, 
and  to  see  the  soil  increase  in  fertility.  (?) 

Schoharie,  N.  Y.  a.  j.  h. 


We  Do  More  Than  Guarantee 

This  Great  Farmers  Motor  Car  To  You 

SO  wonderful  is  the  great  value  in  the  Abbott-Detroit,  so  firmly  are  we 
convinced  of  its  ability  to  outlive  the  toughest  conditions,  so  complete  is 
our  belief  that  no  other  car  in  the  world  is  so  well  suited  to  the  farmer 
because  of  type,  strength  and  price,  that  we  are  willing  to  outdo  all  others  in 
protecting  our  owners,  in  spending  thousands  of  dollars,  that  others  keep  as  profits,  for  giving 
regular  instruction  and  maintenance  service  to  all  who  purchase  the  Abbott-Detroit. 

When  you  get  your  Abbott-Detroit  you  will  not  only  have  the  best  motor  car  in  the 
world  at  the  price  but  you  will  have  behind  you  a  great  organization  of  experts  whose  idea 
is  permanence  and  not  immediate  profit  and  who  will  see  to  it  that  your  Abbott-Detroit  is  in 
first-class  condition  all  the  time. 


This  Remarkable  “Pedigreed’* 


Abbot- Detroit 

Really  Does  Not  Need  A  Guarantee  It’s  So  Strong 


Every  Abbott-Detroit  turned  out  of  our  fac¬ 
tory  is  so  perfect,  so  absolutely  a  unit  in  con¬ 
struction  and  so  powerful  right  down  to  the  last 
nut  and  screw  that  you  can  drive  it  over  the 
worst  roads  and  it  will  never  give  a  sign  of  any¬ 
thing  but  magnificent  balance  and  standardiza¬ 
tion.  That’s  why  you  have  hardly  any  repair 
charges  and  the  cost  of  running  this  car  is  way 
down  to  bed  rock.  It  is  easy  to  operate,  easy  to 
keep  in  good  running  condition,  easy  to  keep 
looking  like  a  brand  new  car.  It  requires  little 
money  and  little  attention  for  anything. 

There  are  many  other  cars  listed  at  $1500  but 
by  the  time  you  have  paid  for  all  the  extras  you 
have  expended  up  to  $2000.  The  Abbott-Detroit 


at  $1500  includes  everything  but  top  and  wind¬ 
shield.  It  includes  a  complete  electric  light 
equipment  of  two  electric  headlights  and  com¬ 
bination  electric  and  oil  side  and  rear  lamps 
and  Bosch  High  Tension  or  Splitdorf  dual  igni¬ 
tion  system. 

Continually  bear  in  mind  that  the  Abbott- 
Detroit  has  many  features  heretofore  found  only 
in  motor  cars  selling  up  to  $-1000. 

Write  for  the  Book  of  the  Abbott-Detroit  in 
which  we  tell  you  everything  about  the  car  and 
what  we  do  for  you  after  you  buy  it.  Let  us  give 
you  a  letter  of  iutroductiou  to  your  local  dealer 
so  that  you  can  see  the  car  itself.  Drop  us  a 
postal  now  before  our  supply  of  books  runs  out. 


Abbott  Motor  Co*, 

126  Waterloo  St.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

DISTRIBUTORS  :|George  L^Reiss,  1776 Broatlw^-, N. Y.  City;  .1.  II.  Wright,  28  Market 


St..  Auburn,  N. 
T.  J.  "  ‘ 

N.Y 


Vulmrn,  N.  Y. ;  Burdick  &  Hartwell,  Troy, 
Northway,  92  Exchange  St.,  Rochester,  N.Y. ; 

;  IT.  II..  Roberts  &  Son,  Elmira,  N.Y. ;  W.  E.  Plq 


N.  Y. ;  Bison  Motor  Co.,  Buffalo,  N.Y., 
E.  J.  Montlgny,  33  Grant  Sq.,  Brooklyn, 
iquette,  106 S.  Augusta  Av.,  Baltimore, Md. 


Get  double  the  r - -  - * _ j. _ _ , _ 

den  implements,  and  secure  bigger  and  better  crops  with  less  work. 
Planet  Jrs  do  the  work  of  three  to  six  men.  They  do  it  more 
f  i  accurately,  and  cause  a  greater  yield.  They  are  the  result  of  a  prac- 
tical  farmer’s  35  years’  experience.  Fully  guaranteed. 

.’  1  I  No.  6.1  The  newest  Planet  Jr  Combination  Hill  and  Drill  Seeder, 
j  ’  Wheel  Hoe,  Cultivator  and  Plow,  opens  the  furrow,  sows  any  kind  of 
i I  garden  seed  accurately  in  drills  or  hills,  covers,  rolls  down,  and  marks  out  the 
/  '  next  row — all  at  one  operation.  Perfect  Wheel-Hoe,  Cultivator  and  Plow. 

'  ,  Planet  Jr  12-tooth  Harrow,  Cultivator  and  Pulverizer  is  a  won- 
t.  derful  tool  for  berry-growers  and  market-gardeners  Works  deep  or  shallow 
'  »  without  throwing  earth 1  on  the  plants,  and  pulverizes  the  soil  thoroughly. 

I '  j  1  1  Invaluable  wherever  fine  close  work  is  needed. 

1 1  You  can’t  afford  to  miss  the  1911  illustrated 

Planet  Jr  56-page  catalogue.  Free 
‘£0^5  and  postpaid.  Write  today. 


Manufacturers  of  all 
kinds  of  fruit  baskets 
and  crates.  Write  for 
Catalogue  and  Price 
List. 


WEBSTER  BASKET  COMPANY, 

Box  431.  Webster.  Monroe  Co..  N.  Y. 


HARVEY  BOLSTER  SPRINGS 


Soon  save  their  cost.  Make  every  wagon  a  spring 
|  wagon,  therefore  fruit,  vegetables,  eggs,  etc., 
[bring  more  money.  Ask  ior  special  proposition. 

Harvey  Spring  Co.,  JJLO-lithSt,  Kaelne,  Wi*. 


GUARANTEED 


used  in  securing  the  order,  or  that  he 
knew  that  he  was  to  secure  the  worth¬ 
less  trees.  After  a  man  signs  a  con¬ 
tract  he  will  be  held  to  it  unless  he 
can  prove  that  he  was  defrauded  or  de¬ 
ceived.  A  nurseryman  sure  of  his  trees 
might  find  it  profitable  to  give  such  a 
guarantee. 


Some  Alfalfa  Questions. 

.4.  IE.  S.,  Oilboa,  N.  Y. — -We  have  a  field 
of  one-half  to  three-quarters  of  an  acre1, 
w  hich  was  planted  to  potatoes  in  1909  and 
■well  cultivated,  plowed  in  the  Fall  of  1909. 
In  the  Spring  of  1910  it  was  kept  well 
harrowed,  with  Clark’s  double-action  Cut¬ 
away  harrow.  One  ton  of  fresh  burned 
lime  was  applied  and  well  harrowed  in. 
Cn  June  23,  140  pounds  of  soil  secured 
from  the  experiment  station  was  spread 
broadcast  and  harrowed  in,  seeded  to  Al¬ 
falfa  the  same  day.  We  thought  that  we 
had  the  weeds  well  subdued,  but  no  sooner 


Get  this  Genuine  Alectride  Tool N 


Barman  Supply  Co.,  160  Harrison  SL,  Dept.3583  Chicago 

Please  send  me  free  and  prepaid  book’ets  explaining 
your  tree  trial  offer  ol  your  Alectrklc  Tool  ormdc«I 


Address . 


Grinder  on  Free  Trial  X. 

- 

Sharpen  your  tools  at  my  expense.’  I  want  to  show  you  that  the  ancient  grindstone 

is  a  back  number  and  that  the  emery  wheel  is  a  menace.  I  want  you  to  try  positively 

free  this  genuine  Alectride  Farm  Tool  Grinder.  Alectride  is  the  only  true  abrasive.  It  will  merely 

not  draw  the  temper  from  steel;  It  will  sharpen  the  dullest  tool  in  from  3  to  5  minutes,  when  coupon. 

the  grindstone  would  take  half  an  hour.  Alectride  never  wears  out.  It  does  not  glaze  over.  V 

I  want  to  send  a  few  of  these  machines  out  on  Free  Trial  in  every  part  of  the  United  States.  I  want 

to  put  one  in  every  locality.  I  want  you  to  clip  off  and  send  the  coupon  at  the  upper  right  hand  corner 

- - - JT - Ml  - -M-J. - = - . - - - *--» - •-»  ■  ,  V* 


of  this  announcement  and  I  will  mail  at  once  circulars  explaining  every  detail  of  the  olier  I  am  making  here. 

I  Don’t  Want  Yon  to  Send  Me  a  Cent  of  Your  Money.  I  Don’t  Want  Any  Promise 


r 


10 
Machines 
Ini 


I  merely  want  to  place  this  Genuine  Alectride  Grinder  on  your  farm  for  a  few  days.  Sharpen  your  dull  axe,  your  dull  scythe,  your  dull  corn 
knives,  your  dull  cold  chisels,  or  hatchet,  or  ary  dull  tool  you  have.  See  how  quickly 
and  how  easily  it  is  done.  See  how  Alecfride  (made  of  'die  substance  of  precious  stones) 

Sharpens  your  tools  in  Irom  one-iourth  to,  one-twenty-f.ith  ot  the  time  required  by  a 
grindstone  and  does  not  heat  nor  draw  the  temper.  Do  ali  this— give  this  machine  the 
most  severe  tests— then  unless  you  think  that  you  positively  cannot  get  along  without 
y  * iectride  Tool  Grinder,  send  it  back  at  our  expense.  We’ll  ask  no  questions. 

•v  h  take  it  back  without  a  word,  and  we’ll  pay  the  transportation  charges.  Kow  send 
the  coupon.  Let  us  tell  you  ail  about  this  wonderful  abrasive  and  our  free  trial  oEer. 

Remember — Alectride  is  really  manufactured  precious  stones.  It  is  even  harder 
than  the  hardest  diamond.  Alectride  will  scratch  a  diamond  and  cut  glass  like  a  knife 
cuts  an  apple.  Send  the  coupon  today  and  get  full  explanation  oi  cm  Qre.it  tO  Day 
Hard  Enough  *rroe  OR®*-.  Do  this  now.  Do  not  delay. 

to  scratch  _  Hannan  Supply  Ccl,  160  Harrison  St,  Dept-  3583 

the  DiantHdBPHMHMaMHiMHM 


Chicago,  HL 


10  MACHINES  IN  1 

1  One  Sickle  Grinder  Wheel 

2  One  Fine  Grinding  Wheel 

3  One  Coarse  Grinding  Wheel 

4  One  Harman  Special  Oil  Stone 

5  One  Saw  Cummer 

6  One  Sickle  Holding  Attachment 

7  One  Scythe  Stone 

8  One  Harmon  Special  Razor  Hone 

9  One  Disc  Grinding  Attachment 

10  One  Tool  Rest 


304 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  25, 


FARMING  A  SMALL  FARM. 

I  have  a  case  for  your  Hope  Farm 
man  to  diagnose.  My  farm  consists  of 
eight  acres.  Heretofore  I  have  not  de¬ 
pended  upon  it  much  as  a  means  to  live 
by  except  to  escape  rent  and  the  pro¬ 
duction  of  such  things  as  fruit,  vege¬ 
tables,  eggs,  butter. and  milk,  as  best 
suited  our  convenience  and  taste.  But 
for  a  number  of  years  I  have  been 
smarting  more  or  less  under  the  re¬ 
straints  of  a  "boss,”  and  I  have  been 
longing  for  the  day,  if  possible,  when  I 
could  make  my  living  from  the  farm 
and  get  square  with  the  world.  My  soil 
is  a  clay  loam  with  hard  clay  subsoil ; 
had  been  cropped  until  rather  poor,  but 
I  have  been  tiling  and  manuring  until 
I  have  got  it  up  to  where  I  can  raise 
corn  and  clover  galore.  It  is  a  good 
place  for  peaches ;  I  have  not  had  a 
complete  failure  in  peaches  in  25  years. 
My  soil  is  a  little  stiff  for  vegetables, 
and  slow  warming  up  in  the  Spring,  but 
on  the  other  hand  is  quite  easy  to  keep 
clear  of  weeds.  And  what  manure  I 
put  on  stays  put. 

My  resources  for  1911  would  line  up 
about  as  follows :  One  horse,  good 
roadster ;  one  cow ;  30  pullets  that  were 
already  shelling  out  January  1  40-cent 
eggs  in  respectable  numbers;  young 
orchard,  three-fourths  acre,  seeded  to 
clover ;  one  acre  rye  stubble,  seeded  to 
clover ;  one  acre  clover  sod,  mowed  last 
year,  good  showing  for  another  crop 
or  pasture;  1%.  acre  Timothy  sod, 
mowed  two  years  and  pastured  last  year; 
one  acre  corn  stubble,  seeded  to  rye; 

I  acre  oats  stubble,  not  seeded  last 
Fall;  one-half  acre  sorghum  stubble; 
one-fourth  acre  strawberries.  Remainder 
is  used  for  garden,  orchard,  buildings, 
chickens,  etc.  Sorghum  stubble,  one- 
half  acre,  was  Timothy  sod  heavily  ma¬ 
nured  last  Spring;  will  be  well  coated 
again  by  Spring  to  plow  under.  Timothy 
sod,  1%  acre,  was  well  manured  each 
Winter  for  the  third  time.  Corn  stubble 
seeded  to  rye,  one  acre,  was  in  clover 
the  year  before  and  was  well  manured 
the  Winter  previous.  Clover  in  rye 
stubble  looks  good.  The  only  dark  spot 
in  the  outlook  is  the  oat  stubble,  1% 
acre;  has  not  had  any  manure  for  20 
years,  except  commercial  fertilizer ;  has 
been  cropped  until  quite  unresponsive. 
With  the  foregoing  as  an  outline  I  want 
your  Hope  Farm  man  or  any  others 
who  will  to  help  plan  for  the  coming 
year.  s.  K. 

Ashland,  O. 

R.  N.-Y. — This  should  have  been  dis¬ 
cussed  before,  but  was  unavoidably  de¬ 
layed.  There  is  little  use  trying  to  make 
a  plan  for  a  stranger,  because  the  crops 
must  be  decided  by  the  markets  and  the 
inclinations  of  the  grower.  If  we  had 
this  place  in  New  Jersey,  near  our  mar¬ 
kets,  and  with  oujr  experience  with 
crops,  we  should  try  to  grow  this  year 
potatoes,  cabbage,  corn  and  a  small 
patch  of  celery.  We  should  make  a 
large  garden  covering  all  the  vegetables. 
If  the  market  will  absorb  them  we  should 
also  try  about  1,200  plants  of  sweet  pep¬ 
pers.  Some  markets  hardly  know  this 
crop,  but  where  there  are  Italians  or 
other  workmen  from  southern  Europe, 
peppers  do  well. 

We  should  let'  the  rye  stubble  seeded 
to  clover  alone.  Cut  the  acre  of  clover 
sod  early,  then  plow  and  fit  well  and 
plant  late  cabbage.  We  should  plant  po¬ 
tatoes  in  the  corn  stubble,  the  oats  stub¬ 
ble  and  the  sorghum  stubble,  using  fer¬ 
tilizer  heavily,  especially  after  oats.  We 
should  plant  a  fair  proportion  of  early 
potatoes,  dig  them  when  ready  and  seed 
to  rye  at  once.  Sow  rye  also  after  the 
late  potatoes.  We  take  it  the  Timothy 
sod  is  not  the  best.  In  such  case  we 
should  plow  it  and  plant  corn  and  sow 
a  mixture  of  rye  and  Hairy  vetch  seed 
at  the  last  cultivation.  On  a  farm  of  this 
size  it  rarely  pays  to  sow  Timothy  for 
hay.  Better  depend  on  clover  and  fodder 
corn  for  feeding  the  cow  and  horse.  We 


could  not  tell  where  to  put  the  celery 
without  examining  the  soil.  There  are, 
of  course,  many  other  crops  which  could 
be  suggested,  but  these  are  within  the 
powers  of  a  man  and  boy  and  are  all 
reasonably  salable.  Onions  often  pay, 
but  they  require  constant  hand  work, 
and  we  think  potatoes,  coni  and  cabbage 
with  celery  and  garden  on  the  side  will 
do  as  well  as  anything. 


WHO  “PRODUCED”  ABUNDANCE  PLUM? 

B.  TT.  C.  (ATo  Address). — I  am  sending 
you  a  page  from  Lutlier  Burbank’s  new 
catalogue  in  which  he  claims  to  be  the 
producer  of  Abundance,  Burbank  and  Sat- 
suma  plum.  I  was  under  the  impression  i 
that  these  plums  were  imported  from  Ja-  ; 

pan.  Is  this  correct? 

« 

Ans. — The  following  photograph  of 
part  of  a  page  from  this  catalogue  shows 
the  claim  made  by  Mr.  Burbank: 

How  to  Judge  Novelties 


Some  interesting  facts  which  have  not  perhaps  attracted  the  attention 
of  fruit  growers:  Within  the  past  twenty  years  one  hundred  and  twenty 
new  plums  have  been  introduced  by  various  growers,  dealers,  and  nursery¬ 
men,  in  the  United  Statev  Among  these  one  hundred  and  twenty  are  twenty- 
four  of  my  own  production,  as  follows:  • 

Abundance  Doris  October  Splendor  Sbiro 

Burbank  Saisuma  Wiekson  Giant  Formosa 

Gold  First  America  Sugar  Sanra  Rosa 

Delaware  Apple  Chaleo  Sultan  Gaviota 

•Jlale  Combination  Climax  Bartlett 

The  last  three  quite  foicfy 


Our  understanding  is  that  Satsuma 
and  Burbank  were  imported  from  Japan 
by  Mr.  Burbank  on  December  20,  1885. 
We  do  not  know  who  produced  them.  As 
for  Abundance,  it  was  imported  from 
Japan  by  Mr.  Burbank  about  1884,  and 
distributed  from  New  Jersey  several 
years  later.  We  do  not  understand  that 
Mr.  Burbank  had  anything  more  to  do 
with  producing  these  varieties  than  a 
nurseryman  who  puts  a  new  fruit  in  the 
market.  Suppose  the  nurserymen  who 
first  offered  the  Concord  grape  for  sale 
had  claimed  it  as  one  of  their  “produc¬ 
tions”  ! 

When  first  brought  over  Abundance 
was  known  as  Botan.  Many  Eastern 
fruit  growers  have  characterized  Abund¬ 
ance  as  “the  worst  curse  ever  brought 
over,”  because  the  first  trees  which  came 
East  were  well  plastered  with  the  San 
Jose  scale.  It  was  from  these  trees, 
we  are  informed,  that  this  hated  pest 
was  first  spread. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  renly  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  20. 


The  BIG  MONEY  CROP 


se  m 

ONLY! 


CENTS 

POUND 

lANPUP 


START  RIGHT  WITH  GOOD  SEED 

We  know  that  our  seed  is  EXTRA 
GOOD,  and  supply  yearly  many  of 
the  largest  growers. _ 

$150.00  TO  $300.00  PER  ACRE 
IS  WITHIN  YOUR  REACH 
We  have  an  enormous  crop  of  best 
commercial  varieties  and  make 
Special  Low  Prices  on  quantity. 
Tell  us  how  many  acres  you  will 
plant  in  Onions  and  what  varie¬ 
ties  and  we  will  send  samples  and 
rock  bottom  prices.  Better  write 
now— it’s  worth  your  while.  Also 
any  other  seeds  you  need. 

Henry  Field  Seed  Co. 

No.  26  Field  Blgd. 
SHENANDOAH.  IA. 


FARM  SEEDS 


Headquarters  for  Alfalfa, 
Clover,  Hay  and  Pasture 
Mixtures,  Beans,  Cab¬ 
bage,  Corn,  Oats,  Onions,  Potatoes  and  all  farm  seeds  in 
large  or  small  quantities  at  lowest  market  prices  for 
absolutely  highest  quality.  Ask  today  for  quotations, 
t  ft  S/ 1 C  Garden  and  Floral 
V1LI\  O  Guide  for  1911 


Ready  now.  As  always,  the  authority  on  what,  how, 
when  and  where  to  plant.  Your  copy  of  the  Guide  is 
waiting  for  you.  Write  for  it  today.  Sent  free. 

JAMES  VICK’S  SONS,  430  Main  St,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


CHOICE  CiOW  PEAS 

Hand  threshed;  auv  variety,  any  quantity.  Cor 

respondence  solicited.  SUDLER  BROS,,  Bridoeviile,  Del. 


SWEET  POTATO  SEED,  DEWBERRY  AND 
Strawberry  Plants,  Asparagus  Roots,  Grape 
Vines.  Catalog  free.  MICHAEL  N.  B0RC0,  Vineland.  N.  J. 


NEW  SEED  OATS.  Bigmoney 

in  right,  kind  of  oats.  Here’s 
your  chance.  Imported  Canadian 
seed  oats,  raised  on  Galloway 
Brothers'  big  farm  in  Canada. 
New,  clean  land.  Regenerated 
Swedish  Select  went  116  bushels 
to  acre;  Early  New  Market  110  bushels  to  acre.  Farmers  who 
bought  this  seed  from  us  last  year  raised  as  high  as  7S  to  100 
bushels  in  this  country,  and  found  out  their  old  seed  was  inbred 
pndrunout.  Change  your  seed.  Try  some  of  this  new  seed. 
Send  for  free  sample,  or  10  cents  for  large  packet.  Willalsoseud 
our  iree  booklet,  entitled  “Big  Money  in  Oats  and  How  to  Grow 
Them.”  Galloway  Bros. -Bowman  Company 
662  Galloway  Station  Waterloo,  Iowa 


In  planting  your  garden  this  book  will  give  you  the  most 
reliable  and  helpful  information.  Hundreds  of  cultural 
articles  telling  how  to  grow  flowers, plants, vegetables.  These 
arranged  conveniently  with  descriptions,  prices  and  pictures. 
73d  annual  edition  increased  to  288  pgs.  1000  illustrations, 
8  color  and  duotone  plates.  Describes  over  1200  varieties 
of  Flower  Seeds,  600  of  Vegetables,  2000  of  Plants,  besides 
many  kinds  of  Hardy  Shrubs,  Vines,  Small  Fruits,  etc. 

Sent  free  to  anyone  mentioning  this  publication. 


HENRY  A.  DREER 


Ilreer’*  Stock- Flowered  Larkspurs 

This  beautiful  old-fashioned  favorite  flower  should  he  in  every  garden.  Fasy  to 
grow,  flowering  all  sum  met- in  many  exquisite  shades  offline,  rose, red,  lilac,  white,  etc. 
Mixed  colors,  10c.  per  packet.  “Garden  Hook”  free  with  each  order. 


Dreers  Garden  Book 


FOTTLER,  FISKE,  RAWSON  Co. 


OUR  SPECIALTY 

OF  THE  HIGHEST  GRADE 
k3Ej  Hi  LI  i3  for  the  MARKET  GARDENER 

We  cannot  say  more  for  the  SEEDS  only  “  The  Highest  Grade.” 

Our  Garden  Manual  is  made  up  for  the  buyer  who  wants  “The  Highest 
Grade  Seeds.”  Let  us  mail  you  one  and  you  be  the  judge. 

It  is  useful  as  a  reference  even  if  you  do  not  buy.  Just  mail  us  a  postal, 
we’ll  do  the  rest, _ _ 

Fottler,  Fiske,  Rawson  Co.  Also  26  S.  Market  1"  Boston 


DIBBLE’S  FARM  SEEDS 

are  all  northern  grown  from  carefully  selected  stock  seed  and  are  the 
best  obtainable,  regardless  of  cost.  We  sell  but  just  one  grade,  believing 
the  best  is  none  too  good  for  the  American  Farmer,  and  ship  direct 
from  our  1,600  acre  Seed  Farms  to  yours  at  live-and-let-live  prices. 

Seed  Potatoes — Thirty-one  varieties,  all  the  new  and  standard  kinds  of  value. 
Splendid  stock,  full  of  health  and  vigor. 

Seed  Corn— Four  varieties,  best  by  test  either  for  the  crop  or  silo.  Pedigree 
stock  showing  germination  95%-98%. 

Seed  Oats — Two  kinds,  adapted  to  the  Middle  and  Eastern  States,  that  are 
early,  have  stiff  straw  and  are  enormously  prolific.  Thoroughly  recleaned. 

Alfalfa,  Clover  and  Grass  Seed — D.  B.  Brand,  99.60%  to  99.98%  pure. 

Farm  Seed  Catalog  FREE.  Address: 

EDWARD  F.  DIBBLE IHOneoye  falls,  n.y. 

SEEDGROWER  J  Box  B 


Cow  Peas 

•  _  \ 


Choice  Recleaned  Stocks  of  Whip¬ 
poorwill,  New  Era,  Black  Clay 
and  Mixed,  at  lowest  prices. 

Our  Descriptive  Catalog'of  Seeds  Mailed 
Free.  It  gives  comprehensive  informa¬ 
tion  on  farming  and  gardening. 

We  carry  best  stocks  of  Clovers,  Grass 
Seeds,  Alfalfa,  Seed  Corn,  Millet,  Seed  Pota¬ 
toes,  besides  a  complete  line  of  Vegetable 
and  Flower  Seeds  and  Lawn  Grass. 

WOOD,  STUBBS  &  CO. 
Louisville,  -  Kentucky 


PIONEER 


SIS 


FOR  ALL  KINDS  OF 

CLOVER  and  FIELD 
SEEDS  also  GARDEN, 
FLOWER  SEEDS 
and  Implements 

Write  to  this  Old  Reliable 
House— Catalogue  Free 
and  Field  Seed  Price  List 
mailed  you  on  application. 

THE  HENRY  PHILIPPS  SEED  AND  IMPLEMENT  CB. . Toledo,  0. 


Open  flATC  Sensation  yielded  96 ’e  bus.  per 
UH  I  o  acre  on  25  acres.  Best  oats  in  cul¬ 
tivation.  Largest  grain,  stiffest  straw,  and  almost 
as  heavy  as  wheat.  Try  them  this  season  and  double 
your  yield.  It  will  be  the  best  investment  yon  ever 
made.  Sample  and  catalogue  free. 

THEO.  HURT  &  SONS  .  .  Melrose,  Ohio 


Arrn  OATS,  CORN,  POTATOES,  ETC. 
^  P1  ►  1 1  Best  kinds.  Low  Prices.  Write  us. 

VkhftJ  McADAMS  SEED  CO..  Columbus  Grove.  0. 


OTV/OTV  SEED 


We  are  headquarters  for  a  full  line  of  Stras- 
burg.  Plat  Danvers  and  Yellow  Globe  Onion 
Seed.  Try  them  for  No.  1  stock.  Get  prices. 
-  THEILMANN  SEED  CO.,  ERIE,  PA.- 


Qirirn  Potatoes,  Disease-Proof  Read’s 
^  *-*•“-*■*-'  Goldenflake,  Golden  Gem,  and  Peach- 
blow.  New  varieties,  wonders.  Sold  direct.  Write 
for  facts.,  G.  A.  READ  Read’s  Exp.  Farms,  Charlotte.  Vt. 


CLOVER  *%  TIMOTHY  TiSES 

Cheapest  ami  Best  Seeding;  Known 

Alsike,  Clover  and  Timothy  mixed.  Fully  %  Al- 
sike,  a  great  bargain.  Most  wonderful  hay  and  pas¬ 
ture  combination  that  grows.  Write  for  Free  Sam¬ 
ple  and  our  large  76-page,  catalog  describing  this 
wonderful  grass  mixture  Far  ahead  of  anything 
you  can  sow  and  ridiculously  cheap.  Be  convinced. 
A.  A.  Berry  Seed  Go.,  lJoxeco  Clarinda,  Iowa- 


N.  WERTHEIMER  &  SON  NS?.' IS,*; 

Choice  seeds  boughtdirect  from  the  farmer  and  sold 
direct  to  the  farmer.  We  offer  you  the  choicest 
seeds,  doubly  recleaned,  Medium  and  Mammoth 
Clover  Seed,  Alsike,  Alfalfa.  Timothy,  Crimson 
Clover,  White  Clover,  Red  Top,  Orchard  Grass, 
Blue  Grass,  Lawn  Grass,  all  kinds  of  Coi  n,  Spring 
and  Winter  Wheat,  Buckwheat,  all  kinds  of  Peas. 
Samples  and  prices  sent  on  application.  «  *  » 

N.  WERTHEIMER  &  SON  -:-  LIGONIER,  INDIANA 

SEED  COHN— Reid’s  Yellow  Dent,  Imp. Learning, 
Golden  Surprise,  American  P«4e,  White  Cap  and 
seed  oats.  Catalog  free.  THEO.BURf  8  SONS, Melrnse, Dlnn 

Arrn  niTC  Read’s  Green  Mountain  Won- 
OCLU  Ufl  I  W  derful  new  variety.  Yields 
130  bus.  to  acre.  Absolutely  rustproof.  Outyielded 
Swedish  Select  in  five-year  test.  Circular  free. 

G.  A.  READ.  Read's  Experiment  Farms,  Charlotte,  Vt. 


Three  rousing  big  crops  of 

SALZER’S 

Alfalfa 


We  have  sold  enough  of 
lis  seed  to  sow  half-a- 
lillion  acres  and 
very  purchaser 
as  been  enthu- 
astic  about  it. 
x  -  G  o  v.  W.  D. 
loard  of  Wiscon- 
n  writes  “I  like 
le  quality  of  your'T'?it. 
lfalfa  Clover  very 
mch.  On  30  acres 
raised  over 
1500  worth  of 
lfalfa  Iiay. 
here  is  no 
etter  money 
rop  that  I 
now  of.” 

You  sow  Salzer’s  Northern  Grown  Alfalfa  and 
et  three  rousing  big  crops,  in  May,  July  and 
ugust,  besides  having  the  best  of  pastures.  It 
fill  do  this  on  any  farm  in  America  where 
imothy  will  grow.  Get  full  particulars.  Write 
)r  our  1911  catalog.  It’s  free. 


0 


10  PACKETS  OF 
FARM  SEEDS 


i«0 


lere’s  our  great  trial  collection  at  one  cent 
package,  composed  of  Speltz,  the  cereal  and 
y  wonder,  Silver  King  Barley,  a  world  beater  with 
bu.  per  acre,  Bonanza  Oat — swon  four  farms  in 
0— biggest  sworn  to  yield  259  Bushels  peracre. 
ion  Dollar  Grass,  the  ten  ton  grass  wonder, 
zer’s  luxuriant  Alfalfa,  and  five  other  packets, 
ten  for  10c  in  stamps.  Write  for  this  collection 
lay  and  we’ll  also  send  you  a  free  copy  of  our 
sat  1911  catalogue. 

JOHN  A.  SALZER  SEED  CO. 

I  South  8th  SI.,  La  Crosse,  Wig. 


»11. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


3  03 


THE  KING  DRAG. 

C.  L.  M.,  Pittsburg,  Pa. — Can  you  give  me 
any  information  regarding  the  King  drag, 
how  to  make  and  use  it? 

Ans. — Probably  the  best  information 
will  be  a  picture  of  the  drag,  which  is 
shown  at  Fig.  134.' 


There  is  no  doubt  about  the  value  of 
this  implement  if  used  persistently  on 
the  country  road. 


Questions  About  Spraying. 

S.  O.,  San  Diego,  Cal. — Can  I  spray  Bor¬ 
deaux  mixture  or  Paris  green  on  straw¬ 
berries  where  they  are  blooming  and  fruit¬ 
ing  without  injury  to  the  crop? 

Ans. — It  is  not'  safe  to  use  Bordeaux 
Mixture  on  strawberries  when  they  are 
blossoming  or  fruiting.  It  will  mark 
the  fruit  very  badly,  and  will  sometimes 
hurt  the  blossom.  As  to  Paris  green 
that  surely  cannot  be  used  after  buds 
open ;  it  would  be  both  unsafe  and  un¬ 
wise.  w.  H. 


Power  of  a  Water  Wheel. 

C.  R.  Bethel,  N.  Y. — Can  any  reader  tell 
me  how  many  horse-power  a  six-foot  over¬ 
shot  water  wheel  has  that  is  six  feet  in 
diameter,  four  feet  wide,  the  buckets  six 
inches? 

Ans. — It  is  not  possible  to  give  a 
specific  answer  to  this  question.  An 
overshot  water  wheel  is  not  likely  to 
utilize  more  than  three-fourths  of  the 
theoretical  power  the  water  would  gen¬ 
erate  if  it  could  all  be  used.  If  the 
wheel  could  utilize  200  cubic  feet  per 
minute  at  the  usual  advantage,  the 
horse-power  would  be  less  than  two, 
possibly  1.8.  f.  H.  king. 


Fool  Talk  About  Sulphur  and  Potash. 

A  reader  in  Pennsylvania  sends  us  a 
report  of  a  lecture  said  to  have  been 
delivered  by  C.  W.  Tabler  of  West  Vir¬ 
ginia,  in  which  this  remarkable  state¬ 
ment  is  made: 

The  speaker  announced  that  he  had 
proved  by  careful  experiment  that  in  deal¬ 
ing  with  scale,  the  most  destructive  of  all 
fruit  tree  enemies,  the  use  of  sulphur  lime 
wash  in  spraying  is  absolutely  useless  in 
every  ease  where  the  ground  lias  first  been 
treated  with  potash.  The  reason  of  this, 
he  explained,  was  because  the  potash  con¬ 
tains  chloride  of  lime,  which  combines  with 
the  sulphur  lime  wash  in  such  a  manner 
as  to  render  the  spraying  useless. 

It  would  hardly  be  possible  to  get 
more  nonsense  in  a  few  tons  of  type. 
Mr.  Tabler  never  said  any  such  thing. 
The  lime-sulphur  wash  is  sprayed  on 
the  tree  and  not  on  the  ground,  and 
could  not  corribine  with  anything  in  the 
soil  until  it  had  completed  its  work  on 
the  tree  and  been  washed  off.  What 
Mr.  Tabler  actually  said  was  this: 

One  point  should  be  carefully  observed 
in  the  use  of  organic  nitrogen,  which  when 
applied  or  used  for  a  succession  of  years  is 
liable  to  produce  humic  acid  or  a  sour 
condition  of  the  soil,  which  can  easily  be 
determined  by  the  use  of  the  blue  litmus 
paper ;  an  acid  soil  will  change  blue  litmus 
red.  When  this  condition  exists  light  ap¬ 
plication  of  lime  should  be  used,  as  an  al¬ 
kali  will  correct  acidity  of  the  soil.  It 
can  also  be  determined  by  a  blighting  or 
dying  of  the  large  limbs  of  the  trees.  When 
lime  is  applied  to  an  orchard  the  sulphate 
of  potash  should  be  used,  as  muriate  of 
potash  contains  chlorine,  which  unites  with 
the  lime,  making  a  soluble  compound,  which 
is  easily  washed  or  will  leach  out  of  the 
soil,  thus  robbing  the  soil  of  the  lime. 

Now  that  is  as  sound  as  a  dollar,  but 
you  will  see  that  the  reporter  got  it  all 
mixed  up.  He  could  not  see  any  dif¬ 
ference  between  lime  put  on  the  soil  to 
sweeten  it  and  lime-sulphur  put  on  the 
trees  to  kill  the  scale. 


Water  Company  and  Wells. 

A  few  issues  back  1  noticed  where 
you  answered  a  query  to  the  effect  that 
where  one  man  had  property  and  had 
a  well  on  that  property,  and  a  water 
company  bought  adjoining  or  nearby 
property  and  dug  so  many  wells  that  his 
well  went  dry,  there  was  no  remedy  for 
him;  in  that  it  was  percolating  waters 
and  he  could  not  prove  any  particular 
stream.  In  the  New  Jersey  courts  a 
case  of  this  kind  (very  recent)  was 
tried  and  the  courts  held  that  the  water 
company  must  use  its  property  in  a  rea¬ 
sonable  way,  and  if  they  dug  so  many 
wells  that  the  adjoining  or  nearby  prop¬ 
erty  owner’s  well  went  dry,  then  the 
owner  could  recover  damages  against  the 
company.  The  court  based  its  decision 
on  the  fact  that  the  water  company  had 
not  made  a  reasonable  use  of  its  land.  I 
understand  there  is  another  case  about 
to  be  brought  or  pending  of  the  same 
kind.  The  law  as  stated  by  you  has 
been  the  law  for  a  great  many  years,  but 
as  conditions  are  changing  I  think  you 
will  find  that  many  courts  will  follow 
this  New  Jersey  decision.  h.  g.  w. 

Verona,  N.  J. 

Cook  the  Pork  !  Cook  it  Well  ! 

Every  little  while  it  seems  necessary 
to  repeat  the  Government’s  warning 
about  trichinosis  in  pork: 

Cases  of  illness  sometimes  occur  from  eat¬ 
ing  uncooked,  or  insufficiently  cooked  pork 
which  is  infested  with  a  microscopic  para¬ 
site  commonly  known  as  trichina  or  flesh- 
worm,  the  scientific  name  being  Trichinella 
spiralis.  An  average  of  one  or  two  per  cent, 
of  the  hogs  slaughtered  in  the  United  States 
are  Infested  with  this  parasite.  When  trans¬ 
mitted  to  human  beings,  trichinae  may  cause 
serious  illness,  sometimes  resulting  in  death. 
Out  of  about  15,000  cases  of  trichinosis  re¬ 
corded  in  medical  literature,  most  of  which 
occurred  in  Europe,  830  cases  resulted 
fatally. 

No  Government  inspection  can  surely 
detect  the  pork  containing  these  para¬ 
sites.  Dry  salted,  pickled  or  smoked  pork 
is  practically  safe.  The  sure  remedy  is 
thorough  cooking — up  to  160°  at  least. 
Cook  fresh  pork  until  the  red  color  en¬ 
tirely  changes  to  white. 


Destroying  Willow. 

I  would  like  Information  as  to  what 
days  in  August  should  willows  or  timber 
be  cut,  so  that  it  will  not  sprout  again? 

Paonia,  Col.  M.  p.  G. 

There  is  no  particular  day  or  state  of 
the  moon  best  for  cutting  sprouts.  The 
principle  is  that  in  late  Summer  when  such 
shrubs  or  stumps  finish  their  growths  they 
are  exhausted.  If  left  alone  they  will 
recruit  by  storing  up  fresh  material  in  their 
roots.  If  the  sprouts  arc  cut  right  then 
nature  forces  the  roots  to  send  up  new 
sprouts.  These  weaken  the  roots  that  they 
are  likely  to  die  before  Spring.  That  is 
why  farmers  are  advised  to  cut  such  sprouts 
when  the  Summer  growth  has  ended.  This 
is  usually  in  August. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  gifarautee  page  20. 


Steel  Wheels 
Steel  Gears 


You  know  the  advant¬ 
ages  steel  construction 

thas  over  wooden  con¬ 
struction.  You  wouldn’t 

^  even  think  of  buying  a 

lUc  Modern  Wagon.  wooden  frame  cultiya_ 

tor.  Why  then  a  wagon  of  wood?  Everyone  realizes  that  the 
steel  wagon  will  soon  be  the  only  wagon  used. 

The  Davenport  Roller. Bearing 
Steel  Farm  Wagon 


Is  Built  Like  a  Bridge 


Constructed  of  I-beams,  chan¬ 
nels  and  angles,  solidly  riveted 
together  with  large  steel  rivets, 
put  in  hot.  The  gear  parts  and 
the  wheels  are  trussed  and 
braced  like  the  modern  steel 
railway  bridge,  built  for  the 
heaviest  lifetime  service.  In 
the  Davenport  you  have  a 
wagon  of  5000  pounds  capac¬ 
ity,  stronger  and  more  durable 
and  of  lighter  draft  than  any 
other  wagon  of  equal  capacity. 


The  Modern  Bridge. 


The  WHEELS  of  steel,  with  strong  round  spokes,  forged  solidly  into  the 
hubs  and  hot  riveted  into  the  tires,  do  away  with  the  resetting  of  tires,  loose 
spokes  and  cracked  felloes. 

Roller-Bearings  Reduce  the  Draft  30%  to  50% 


Last  a 
Lifetime 


No  Repair 
Bills  to 
Pay 


The  Roller-Bearing. 

You  know  the  difference  between  dragging  a  thing  and  rolling  it.  Well,  the 
Roller-Bearings  have  this  advantage  on  the  Davenport. 

Write  us  now  for  more  information  and  why  you  should  buy  a  Davenport 
when  you  need  a  wagon  again.  The  Davenport  costs  about  the  same  as  a 
high  grade  wooden  wagon,  and  is  far  better.  Be  sure  and  ask  for  our 
Package  No.36.  for  full  information.  - 

Davenport  Wagon  Company,  Davenport,  Iowa 


<L 


TREAT  YOUR  SEED  POTATOES 
WITH  FORMALDEHYDE  m  0 


Banish  “scab,”  “black-leg”  and  kindred  crop  destroyers  by  the 
modern,  inexpensive  method — disinfect  with  Formaldehyde.  No 
skill  or  experience  necessary  in  applying — the  expense  is  but  slight. 
Endorsed  by  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture.  Send  to-day  for  free 
booklet  which  gives  full  instructions  concerning  the  many  uses  to 
which  Formaldehyde — this  best  of  all  disinfectants — can  be  put 
about  the  house  and  farm. 

PERTH  AMBOY  CHEMICAL  COMPANY 

100  WILLIAM  STREET,  NEW  YORK 


Baskets,  Ladders  and  Growers’ 
Supplies. 

A  card  brings  our  catalogue. 

BACON  &  CO.,  Appleton,  N.  Y. 


A/fPi sfi  Pifo  like  hungry  wolvea 
•  ■*  and  keep  you  busy 

if  you  use  Y.  C.  Bait.  Best  bait  known 
for  enticing  all  kinds  of  fish.  25c.  a  box. 
Write  for  Free  Booklets  and  our  Special 
Offer  of  one  box  to  help  introduce  it. 
Walton  Supply  Co.,  Dept. y  St.  Louis,  Mo 


A  FOOD  STORY. 

Makes  a  Woman  of  70  “One  in  10,000.” 


Pull  Your  Stumps  FREE 


The  widow  of  one  of  Ohio’s  most  dis¬ 
tinguished  newspapers  editors  and  a  fa¬ 
mous  leader  in  politics  in  his  day,  says 
she  is  70  years  old  and  a  “stronger 
woman  than  you  will  find  in  ten  thou¬ 
sand,”  and  she  credits  her  fine  physical 
condition  to  the  use  of  Grape-Nuts: 

“Many  years  ago  I  had  a  terrible  fall 
which  permanently  injured  my  stomach. 
For  years  I  lived  on  a  preparation  of 
corn  starch  and  milk,  but  it  grew  so 
repugnant  to  me  that  I  bad  to  give  it 
up.  Then  I  tried,  one  after  another,  a 
dozen  different  kinds  of  cereals,  but  the 
process  of  digestion  gave  me  great  pain. 

“It  was  not  until  I  began  to  use  Grape- 
Nuts  food  three  years  ago  that  I  found 
relief.  It  has  proved,  with  the  dear 
Lord’s  blessing,  a  great  boon  to  me.  It 
brought  me  health  and  vigor  such  as  I 
never  expected  to  again  enjoy,  and  in 
gratitude  I  never  fail  to  sound  its 
praises.”  Name  given  by  Postum  Co., 
Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

“There’s  a  Reason.” 

Look  for  it  in  the  little  book,  “The 
Road  to  Wellville,”  to  be  found  in  pkgs. 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new 
one  appears  from  time  to  time.  They 
are  genuine,  true,  and  full  of  human 
interest. 


SEE  here  how  the  Hercules  pulls 
out  big  stumps,  roots  and  all. 
Don’t  have  stumpy  fields— 
loafer  land  doesn’t  pay.  This  Hercu¬ 
les  Genuine  All-Steel  Stump  Puller  is 


. 


For  30  Days  with  this 
Hercules  A"-Steel  Puller 


against  breakage— flaw  or  no  flaw.  Test 
it  on  your  place  for  30  days  at  our  risk. 
Try  it  on  stumps  or  green  trees. 

Triple  Power 

"Triple  power”  attachment  means  a 
third  greater  pulling  capacity  and  saves 
Strain  on  team  and  on  cables.  Three  ma¬ 
chines  in  one— single,  double  and  triple 
power.  Can  be  changed  in  a  minute  right 
in  the  field  from  one  power  to  the  other  by 
one  man.  Nothing  like  it  in  the  world. 
The  Hercules  is  the  only  stump  puller 
guaranteed  for  three  years.  Only  one  with 
Double  Safety  Ratchets.  Hitch  on  to  any 
stump  and  it  is  bound  to  come.  Also  pulls 


largest  hedge  rows  and  green  trees 
Don’t  risk  cbstly  and  dangerous  dyna¬ 
mite.  Don’t  risk  a  cast  iron  puller. 
Write  us  at  once  on  a  postal  for  our 

Special  Price  Offer 

We  have  a  special  price  proposition  to 
the  first  man  we  sell  to  in  new  sections. 
We  are  glad  to  make  you  a  special  price 
on  the  first  Hercules  sold  in  your  commun¬ 
ity  because  that  will  sell  many  more  and 
save  advertising.  Write  us  and  we  will  also 
send  you  our  special  price— 30  Days’  Free 
Trial  and  FREE  BOOKS  about  the  only  All-Steel, 
Triple  Power  Stump  Puller— the  Famous  Hercules. 


1  HERCULES  MANUFACTURING  CO.,  130  nth  Street,  Centerville,  Iowa 


396 


THE  RURAL  N  R  W  -YORKER 


March  25, 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE 

About  1,880,000,000  pounds  of  tobacco 
are  consumed  annually  in  the  entire  world. 
The  Netherlands  use  the  largest  amount 
per  capita,  7.5  pounds.  Belgium  comes  next, 
0.2.  The  United  States  uses  nearly  six 
pounds  per  head.  Other  countries  running 
jver  four  are  Switzerland,  Denmark,  Ar¬ 
gentina  and  Cuba ;  Germany,  3.5,  and  Great 
Britain  only  two  pounds. 

During  1910  France  exported  to  the 
United  States  peanut  products  valued  at 
$1,378,837.  The  largest  item  was  42,881 
barrels  of  peanut  oil,  worth  $1,007,269. 
Part  of  this  oil  is  used  in  cookery  and  part 
for  soap  making.  It  is  estimated  that 
France  will  have  to  import  at  least  75,- 
000.000  bushels  of  wheat  this  year.  The 
per  acre  yield  of  wheat  in  France  runs 
about  five  bushels  ahead  of  the  average  in 
the  United  States,  but  the  population  is 
nearly  one-half  that  of  the  United  States, 
with  less  than  one-seventeenth  the  area.  % 

Autos  for  Heavy  Work. — Automobiles 
have  now  been  used  for  heavy  trucking  and 
delivery  work  in  the  city  long  enough  to 
make  some  interesting  cost  comparisons.  In 
one  case  where  an  effort  was  made  to  get 
conservative  figures  it  was  found  that  10 
auto  trucks  took  the  place  of  30  horses  and 
did  the  work  something  over  $1,000  per 
month  cheaper  than  the  horses,  besides  giv¬ 
ing  more  satisfactory  service. 

Sale  for  Carrots. — “I  have  about  30 
bushels  of  table  carrots.  How  can  I  best 
dispose  of  them?”  w 

Chenango  Co.,  N.  Y. 

There  is  not  much  inducement  in  ship¬ 
ping  them  to  New  York.  They  might  pos¬ 
sibly  bring  50  cents  per  bushel,  from  which 
commission  and  freight  would  have  to  be 
deducted.  New  York  and  Philadelphia  now 
have  an  ample  supply  of  new  carrots  from 
Bermuda  and  the  South,  which  many  peo¬ 
ple  prefer  to  the  old  carrots.  Our  judg¬ 
ment  is  that  these  carrots  can  be  disposed 
of  to  better  advantage  in  markets  nearer 
the  place  of  production,  Binghamton, 
Scranton  or  Wilkesbarre. 

City  or  Country  Horse. — “Which,  as  a 
rule,  has  an  easier  time — a  country  or  a 
city  horse?”  G-  H*  L- 

Tennessee. 

Assuming  that  work  horses  are  the  kind 
meant,  the  country  horse  is  the  more  fa¬ 
vorably  situated,  as  he  does  not  have  to 
contend  with  hard,  and  often  slippery, 
pavements,  and  usually  eats  his  noon 
meal  in  the  stable,  instead  of  from 
a  nose  bag  while  hitched  to  a  wagon 
on  the  street.  During  Summer  he 
often  gets  a  bite  of  grass,  even  where  not 
regularly  turned  to  pasture,  a  luxuiy  that 
bis  city  brother  knows  nothing  of.  Of 
course  a  brutal  master  can  make  life  hard 
for  a  horse  anywhere,  but  taking  average 
conditions  the  country  work  horse  has  the 
better  end  of  the  bargain. 

Cold  Storage  Matters.— The  legislatures 
of  New  York  and  New  Jersey  are  dis¬ 
cussing  bills  aimed  to  remedy  cold  storage 
abuses.  Some  good  may  come  from  State 
regulation,  if  the  laws  arc  not  made  to 
carry  back-breaking  loads  of  red  tape,  ••bu¬ 
reau's,”  “boards,”  and  “commissions,”  which 
the  real  enemies  of  reform,  under  the  guise 
of  friendship,  manage  to  have  worked  into 
such  bills  before  passage,  making  enforce¬ 
ment  difficult,  if  not  ridiculous.  But  the 
root  of  the  trouble  can  be  got  at  only 
through  Federal  regulation,  and  the  only 
regulation  necessary  is  to  do  away  with  the 
secret  storage  of  food  products.  Compel  all 
warehouses  carrying  butter,  eggs,  poultry, 
etc-.,  to  date  the  goods  when  stored  and 
make  frequent  public  reports  of  the  actual 
amounts  oh  hand,  and  the  laws  of  supply 
and  demand  and  choice  will  act  automatical¬ 
ly  to  keep  prices  on  a  just  level  and  crowd 
unwholesome  food  out  of  the  channels  of 
trade.  So  long  as  foods  may  be  taken 
off  the  market  and  stored  secretly  in  un¬ 
limited  quantities,  trade  is  on  an  artificial 
rather  than  natural  basis,  and  speculators 
wax  fat  at  the  expense  of  the  helpless  pub¬ 
lic.  Grain  storage  might  well  be  included 
in  a  Federal  law  of  the  type  suggested. 

Barley  Grades. — “I  notice  malting  bar¬ 
ley  is  quoted  around  $1  in  the  market. 
Our  local  maltster  claims  this  refers  to 
barley  that  has  been  malted.  The  top 
price  he  offers  to  local  farmers  is  75  cents. 
Does  the  term  “malting”  in  the  quotations 
really  mean  malted?”  b. 

New  York. 

Malting  barley  is  grain  suitable  for  malt¬ 
ing,  as  distinguished  from  low-grade  bar¬ 
ley,  used  only  for  feeding  live,  stock.  Com¬ 
mercially  New  York  State  barley  is  classi¬ 
fied  as  two  and  four-rowed,  Nos.  1-2-3  of 
each  variety.  No.  1,  four-rowed  must  be 
bright,  plump,  sound,  clean,  weighing  not 
less  than  48  pounds.  No.  2  may  be  slightly 
stained,  but  must  not  weigh  less  than  46% 
pounds.  No.  3  must  be  reasonably  clean 
and  weigh  at  least  44  pounds.  Two-rowed 
is  graded  the  same,  except  that  No.  1 
must  weigh  49  and  No.  2  48  pounds.  Any¬ 
thing  poorer  than  these  grades  would  be 
classed  as  feeding,  though,  of  course,  large 
quantities  of  high-grade  barley  are  used 
for  feeding.  w.  w.  h. 


Apples  for  Western  New  England. 

What  varieties  of  apples  shall  I  plant  in 
northwest  Massachusetts?  J.  R. 

I  would  plant  the  McIntosh,  Baldwin, 
Gravcnstein  and  It.  I.  Greening  and  Spy,  if 
the  latter  is  found  to  do  well,  i.e„  to  grow 
6mooth  and  of  good  color.  Any  one  of  a 
dozen  standard  varieties  might  do  espe¬ 
cially  well  in  a  given  locality,  and  if  that 
is  the  case  would  plant  that  variety  as  a 
specialty ;  i.  e.,  Astrachan,  Fall  Pippin, 
Ilubbardston.  Twenty  Ounce,  Wealthy, 
Bdlefleur,  Itoxbury  Russet,  Palmer  Green¬ 
ing,  Gilli  flower,  etc.  For  the  best  success 
one  must  grow  enough  of  one  kind  to  create 
a  market,  or  rather  a  demand  for  them 
from  some  large  center.  s.  t.  maynard. 


Lake  Erie  and  Lake  Ontario. 

Will'  you  tell  us  why  apples  and  some 
other  fruits  do  better  on  the  south  shore 
of  Lake  Ontario  than  those  south  of  Lake 
Erie?  Is  there  any  definite  reason  for  it? 

Cherries,  peaches  and  plums  do  quite  as 
well  on  the  southern  shore  of  Lake  Erie 
as  to  the  south  of  Lake  Ontario.  Apples 
and  pears  do  not  do  nearly  as  well  for 
the  reason  that  the  soils  south  of  Lake 
Erie  are  not  as  well  adapted  to  these 
fruits.  This  statement  holds  only  in  a 
very  general  way,  for  there  are  some  locali¬ 
ties  in  which  apples  and  pears  can  be 
grown  near  Lake  Erie  in  New  York  as 
well  as  near  Lake  Ontario.  Another  factor, 
though  a  minor  one,  is  that  the  winds 
coming  from  Lake  Erie  are  much  stronger 
and  more  constant  as  they  strike  the  shores 
of  New  York  than  are  the  winds  coming 
from  Lake  Ontario.  This  means  that  fruits 
in  the  former  locality  are  blown  from  the 
trees  to  the  great  "discouragement  of  fruit 
growers,  especially  of  apple  and  pear  grow¬ 
ers.  Vineyards,  as  you  know,  do  much 
better  on  the  southern  shore  of  Lake  Erie 
than  on  the  same  shore  of  Lake  Ontario. 
Soil  and  climatic  conditions  are  such  that 
one  is  a  region  of  vineyards  and  the  other 
of  orchards.  In  the  Ontario  region  the 
soils  as  a  whole  are  not  nearly  as  well 
adapted  to  grape  growing  and  the  winds 
are  not  sufficiently  constant  to  protect  the 
vineyards  from  injurious  fungi  as  they  do 
south  of  Lake  Erie.  u.  p.  hedrick. 

Geneva  Exp.  Station. 


ROOFING 


GUARANTEED 
UNTIL  1921 

We  know  Congo  will  last  more  than 
10  years. 

One  thing  the  guarantee  forces 
upon  us ;  it  makes  us  extremely 
careful  in  manufacturing. 

We  make  doubly  sure  that  every 
roll  is  perfect. 

We  use  the  best  material  that 
money  can  buy. 

We  provide  free  of  charge,  gal¬ 
vanized  iron  caps  which  are  rust 
proof  and  will  last  as  long  as  the 
roofing. 

Send  for  free  copy  of  our  Guar¬ 
antee  Bond,  and  a  sample  of  Congo 
Roofing. 

P nndnlpum  ^  e  should  like  to  send  every  reader  of  this  paper  a 
LUllgUluUlU  sample  of  Congolemn,  the  new  floor  covering  and 
wainscoting.  A  perfect  imitation  of  light  and  golden  oak.  Unusually 
durable.  The  price  is  very  low.  Write  for  samples  and  further  detail .. 


HpHE  owner  of  a  building  covered 
with  Congo  has  the  satisfac¬ 
tion  of  knowing  that  his  roof  is 
gvaranteed  for  10  years. 

In  each  roll  of  Congo  2  ply  and 
3  ply  is  a  genuine  legally  binding 
Surety  Bond  issued  by  the  National 
Surety  Company  of  New  York. 

This  year  we  will  guarantee 
thousands  of  roofs  to  last  till  1921. 

Of  course  we  are  not  going  to 
lose — we  are  offering  a  sure  thing. 


UNITED  ROOFING  &  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY 

PHILADELPHIA  CHICAGO  KANSAS  CITY  SAN  FRANCISCO 


The  money-saving  paint 
brush  inside  the  house  ” 


-Says  the  Little 
Paint  Man 


The  money-saving  paint  brush  inside  the  house  does  two  things: 

It  keeps  the  house  from  wearing  out. 

It  also  makes  the  place  where  you  live  look  better. 

Isn’t  a  bright,  clean,  well-kept  kitchen  easier  to  work  in  as  well  as  easier 
to  live  in? 

Wouldn’t  you  rather  have  floors  nicely  painted  than  worn  full  of  paths? 

Aren’t  cupboards  easier  to  keep  clean  when  they  are  painted? 

Isn’t  there  a  lot  of  wear  in  the  sitting-room  which  not  only  shows  that 
the  house  is  wearing  out,  but  makes  it  look  badly? 

Do  you  realize  how  very  little  paint  and  how  very  little  work  will  make 
these  things  right? 

Business  men  are  keen  to  realize  that  upkeep  is  just  as  important  an 
addition  to  their  income  as  producing  things.  Farmers  nowadays  are  business 
men.  They  know  that  money  put  in  a  house  is  money  invested  and  must  be 
protected.  They  know  that  work  is  easier  if  you  live  in  a  bright  house. 

Sherwin-Williams  Brighten  Up  Finishes  will  enable  you  to  keep  your 
house  up,  looking  well  and  appropriate  for  a  well-kept,  up-to-date  farm. 

Sit  right  down  now  and  write  for  that  booklet,  “Paints  and  Varnishes  for  the  Farm.”  It  will  be 
a  good  investment  for  you  and  is  just  as  necessary  as  a  catalogue  of  seeds  or  farm  implements. 

x. 

Address  THE  LITTLE  PAINT  MAN,  care  of 

$  her  win -Williams 

Paints  &  Varnishes 

635  Canal  Road,  Cleveland,  Ohio.  In  Canada,  897  Centre  Street,  Montreal 
Sold  by  dealers  everywhere.  Ask  for  color  cards 


.  L- 


THE;  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


307 


1911. 

ORCHARD  FRUITS  FOR  PENNSYLVANIA. 

T.  IV.  S.,  North  East ,  Pa. — In  planting 
an  orchard  of  sweet  cherries,  say  100  trees, 
what  varieties  are  best,  considering  the  pro¬ 
ductiveness  and  resistance  to  rot?  In  plant¬ 
ing  the  same  number  of  dwarf  apples  what 
six  or  seven  varieties  would  insure  a  suc¬ 
cession  beginning  with  the  earliest,  also 
which  stock  is  the  better,  Paradise  or  Dou- 
cln?  The  Delicious  is  boomed  lately  as  a 
standard  ;  how  is  it  as  a  dwarf,  also  King 
David  and  McIntosh?  Is  a  steep,  grav¬ 
elly  hillside,  sloping  north  toward  the  lake, 
likely  to  be  too  cold  for  peaches  or  too 
difficult  to  work?  In  an  orchard  of  300  or 
400  trees  what  kinds  should  predominate? 
How  is  the  Gold  Drop  commercially,  also 
Hill's  Chili?  Many  growers  here  are  set¬ 
ting  out  lots  of  prunes,  Italian  and  York 
State  ;  are  they  apt  to  overdo  it  as  to  the 
market  end? 

Ans. — In  planting  100  sweet  cherry 
trees  in  northern  Pennsylvania  I  would 
select  Bing,  Lambert,  Schmidt  and  Na¬ 
poleon,  using  25  trees  of  each.  As  to 
dwarf  apple  trees,  any  varieties  can  be 
used  that  are  offered  for  sale,  but  the 
list  of  apple  trees  on  the  dwarf  roots  is 
not  usually  large.  Red  Astrachan, 
Fanny,  Maiden  Blush,  Jonathan,  Hub- 
bardston  and  Tompkins  King  would  be 
a  good  selection,  and  might  be  in  the 
list  of  dwarfs.  The  Doucin  is  a  better 
stock  than  Paradise,  being  stronger  in 
growth.  Delicious  is  an  excellent  va¬ 
riety  and  would  be  good  on  dwarf  stock, 
but  it  is  doubtful  if  the  propagators  of 
dwarf  trees  have  used  it  as  yet.  The 
same  is  true  of  King  David,  but  Mc¬ 
Intosh,  being  an  older  variety,  may  be 
used  in  this  way. 

I  would  not  want  to  plant  a  peach 
orchard  on  a  steep  north  slope  next  to 
the  lake,  although  I  have  seen  some 
very  good  peach  orchards  on  land  next 
to  both  lakes,  Ontario  and  F,rie,  on 
the  northern  borders  of  New  York, 
Pennsylvania  and  Ohio.  But  they  were 
on  good  land  and  not  directly  next  to 
the  lake,  where  the  wind  had  full  sweep. 
The  cool  air  there  keeps  back  the  buds 
in  Spring,  and  prevents  their  injury  by 
frosts.  Gold  Drop  is  a  very  good  late 
peach,  but  it  lacks  the  red  cheek  that 
the  market  seems  to  demand.  Hill’s 
Chili  is  better  in  this  respect.  The  El- 
berta  is  the  best  of  all  varieties  to  grow 
for  market  in  that  section,  and  I  would 
advise  planting  very  largely  of  it.  The 
York  State  and  Fellenberg  (Italian) 
are  very  good  prunes  and  I  do  not 
think  too  many  of  them  are  likely  to  be 
grown  too  abundantly.  The  market  will 
take  large  quantities  of  such  good  va¬ 
rieties.  H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 

POTATO  GROWING  IN  MICHIGAN. 

Last  October  I  had  an  opportunity  to 
visit  the  farm  of  Jason  Woodman  in 
Van  Buren  County,  Michigan.  Mr. 
Woodman  has  been  making  a  study  of 
the  potato  crop,  growing  Rural  New- 
Yorker,  planted  about  June  25  for  a  late 
crop.  He  says  the  three  reasons  why 
Michigan  farmers  do  not  get  a  satis¬ 
factory  yield  are,  first,  they  do  not  make 
the  soil  of  their  potato  fields  rich 
enough ;  second,  they  do  not  plant  a 
sufficient  quantity  of  the  right  kind  of 
seed;  third,  they  do  not  by  thorough 
spraying  eliminate  the  blight.  In  1909 
the  average  yield  was  only  105  bushels 
per  acre  in  Michigan.  In  Mr.  Wood¬ 
man’s  township  there  were  four  fields 
that  averaged  377  bushels  per  acre.  The 
largest  yield  was  425  bushels  per  acre, 
on  a  field  of  nine  acres  and  79  square 
rods.  These  fields  were  measured  and 
the  yield  is  the  number  of  weighed 
bushels  when  marketed.  Practically  the 
same  methods  were  followed  in  raising 
all  of  these  crops.  These  plans  are  the 
result  of  experiments  carried  on  during 
a  series  of  years.  In  all  cases  the  basis 
of  each  of  these  crops  has  been  a  field 
seeded  to  clover  before  it  got  poor.  This 
clover  sod  was  reinforced  with  a  heavy 
coat  of  manure,  about  20  loads  per  acre, 
applied  one  year  before  the  crop  is 
planted.  Mr.  Woodman’s  soil  is  a  sandy 
loam,  and  lie  prefers  pasturing  it  after 
it  has  been  manured,  the  manure  making 
a  mulch,  preventing  the  cattle  from  eat¬ 


ing  too  close,  and  by  their  tramping  on 
it  makes  it  much  more  compact,  which 
helps  to  hold  the  moisture. 

The  Seed  to  Use. — All  things  consid¬ 
ered  the  best  seed  to  plant  is  a  whole 
potato  from  the  size  of  an  egg  up  to 
twice  the  egg  size.  If  the  seed  potato  is 
cut  up  at  all  it  should  only  be  cut  once, 
split  lengthwise  through  the  seed  end. 
The  seed  end  eyes  are  the  strong  eyes. 
If  seed  potatoes  have  been  properly  kept, 
a  seed  end  backed  by  the  whole  potato 
in  every  hill  means  every  hill  a  good 
hill.  With  the  Rural  potato,  if  the  whole 
tuber  is  planted,  the  eyes  at  or  around 
the  seed  end  will  send  out  from  one  to 
four  stalks,  while  the  weaker  eyes  will 
remain  dormant.  Thus  the  whole  of  the 
plant  food  in  the  potato  goes  to  nourish 
the  growth  from  the  strongest  eyes.  If 
seed  potatoes  are  cut  the  weaker  eyes 
will  grow  weaker  hills,  which  means  a 
smaller  yield  per  acre.  For  six  years 
Mr.  Woodman  has  planted  a  portion  of 
his  fields  with  uncut  seed,  and  invariably 
the  area  planted  with  whole  potatoes 
has  outyieldcd  that  part  of  the  field 
where  cut  seed  was  used.  Perhaps  some 
of  the  readers  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  will  ask, 
if  egg  size  potatoes  are  planted  whole 
year  after  year,  will  not  the  size  of  the 
stock  deteriorate  and  the  potatoes  run 
out?  On  the  contrary,  his  yield  has 
been  increasing,  as  well  as  the  quality. 
In  1909  he  raised  3,410  bushels  of  pota¬ 
toes  on  eight  acres  and  113  square  rods. 
Out  of  this  crop  he  was  only  able  to 

grade  out  140  crates  that  were  as  small 
as  the  bulk  of  two  eggs. 

Planting. — Late  potatoes  should  be 
planted  in  drills,  the  rows  from  35  to  40 
inches  apart,  and  the  seed  should  be 
planted  from  12  to  15  inches  apart  in 
the  row ;  at  this  distance  it  will  require 
from  18  to  25  bushels  per  acre.  As  to 
spraying,  it  is  estimated  that  the  crop  is 
diminished  at  least  25  per  cent  by  the 
blight,  and  the  quality  is  injured.  A 
potato  to  be  at  its  best  must  mature, 
and  mature  in  cool  weather.  Thorough 
and  effective  spraying  is  necessary  to 
the  production  of  a'  large  crop  and  a 
good  quality.  A  spraying  machine,  to 
do  good  work,  must  spray  up  against 
the  lower  side  of  the  leaves  and  the 
stems  of  the  plants,  for  there  is  where 
the  blight  spores  during  warm  and 
muggy  weather  germinate  and  grow. 
The  machines  that  only  spray  down  on 
the  top  of  the  vines  will  not  properly 
control  the  blight,  and  cannot  be  de¬ 
pended  upon.  Bordeaux  Mixture  con¬ 
taining  10  pounds  of  vitriol  and  14 
pounds  of  stone  lime  to  100  gallons  of 
water  is  used.  Spraying  is  begun  when 
the  tops  are  eight  or  10  inches  high, 
and  sprayed  once  in  about  every  eight 
or  10  days.  If  spraying  is  properly 
done  the  tops  will  not  die  from  blight, 
nor  will  the  potatoes  rot  and  the  tubers 
will  continue  to  grow  during  the  latter 
part  of  September  and  until  killed  by 
the  frosts  of  October.  The  quality  of 
the  stock  will  be  improved  and  the  quan¬ 
tity  increased. 

Scab. — All  the  seed  potatoes  are 
treated  with  formalin,  40  per  cent  so¬ 
lution,  a  tablespoonful  to  six  or  seven 
quarts  of  water,  and  soaked  for  40  min¬ 
utes.  But  remember  that  this  treatment 
will  not  completely  eradicate  scab;  if 
scabby  potatoes  are  fed  to  stock  and 
the  manure  spread  on  the  fields  where 
potatoes  are  planted,  or  if  cattle  that  are 
fed  scabby  potatoes  are  allowed  to  pas¬ 
ture  on  these  fields,  or  if  scabby  potatoes 
have  been  grown  on  these  fields,  as  the 
scab  spores  will  live  in  the  soil  for  four 
or  five  years.  e.  v.  a. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  20. 


CLOTHCRAFT 


ALL-WOOL 


CLOTHES 


OU  can  be 
distinctly 
well-dress¬ 
ed  and  yet  save 
from  $5  to  $10 
asuit — if  you  wear  Cloth- 
craft  All-Wool  Clothes 
at  $10  to  $25. 

The  saying  of  $5  to  $10  is  meas¬ 
ured  against  the  price  of  other 
ready-to-wear  clothes;  but  in  many 
instances  Clothcraft  Clothes  are  re¬ 
placing  custom-made  without  suffer¬ 
ing  by  comparison.  To  illustrate: 

Not  long  ago  a  man  who  had  been 
accustomed  to  pay  $45  to  $60  a  suit 
for  his  clothes  bought  a  $16.50 
Clothcraft  suit. 

He’s  one  of  the  hard-to-fit  kind — 
but  he  was  so  well  pleased  with  his 
Clothcraft  Clothes  that  he  promptly 
returned  a  custom  coat  his  tailor  had 
just  made  him,  to  see  if  it  could  be 
altered  to  fit  as  well  as  Clothcraft. 
Even  the  tailor  acknowledged  the 
Clothcraft  fit  was  better  than  his. 

Clothcraft  Clothes  are  the  only  guaranteed 
all-wool  line  at  medium  prices — ?io  to  §25.  The 
definite  guaranty,  backed  by  dealer  and  maker,  is 
a  protection  that  assures  absolutely  pure  wool, 
first-class  trimmings  and  workmanship,  lasting 
shape,  service  and  satisfaction. 

If  you  wish  to  have  that  confidence  in  your 
clothes,  go  to  the  nearest  Clothcraft  Store,  or  write 
us  direct.  We'll  gladly  send  you  the  spring  style- 
folder  and  name  of  the  nearest  Clothcraft  dealer. 

THE  JOSEPH  &  FEISS  CO. 

Founded  1850 — Oldest  American 
Manufacturers  of  Men’s  Clothes 

635  St.  Clair  Avenue  Cleveland 


A  Square  Deal 
Shoe  for 
Farmers 

Here  is  the 
most  durable 
work  shoe  that  has  ever  been  put  to¬ 
gether,  sold  at  the  most  reasonable 
price  and  under  the  strongest  guar¬ 
antee  that  can  be  given  a  shoe. 

We  make  this  positive  assertion 
because  we  know  there  is  not  another 
shoe  of  its  kind  made  today  that  com¬ 
bines  such  stout  leather  and  honest 
making. 

For  vamps  and  uppers  we  use  such 
leathers  as  old-fashioned  French  Kip, 
oil-tanned  moose  hide  and  saddle 
pieces  of  calf.  They  are  soft  and  pli¬ 
able  to  the  touch  and  wear  like  iron. 

The  soles,  outside  and  insole,  are 
of  firstquality  hemlock-tanned  steer’s 
hide  firmly  fastened  with  brass  stand¬ 
ard  screws  or  maple  pegs.  This  is  the 
old-fashioned  shoe  bottom  that  has 
never  been  equalled  for  wear. 

The 

Haskin-Granger 

Shoe 

Is  strictly  a  work  shoe.  We  do  not 
attempt  style.  We  have  cornered 
comfort  and  durability.  We  own  and 
operate  our  own  factory.  We  have 
spared  no  expense  or  effort  to  make 
the  most  serviceable,  wear -proof, 
water-proof  shoe  that  can  be  made  by 
skilled  hands  from  perfect  materials. 

We  are  selling  the  Haskin-Granger 
shoe  direct  to  the  farmer,  dividing 
with  him  the  middleman’s  profit. 

We  sell  on  the  guarantee  of  complete 
satisfaction.  All  we  specify 
is  ordinary  care. 

Write  Dept.  A  for  illus¬ 
trations  of  leading  styles 
and  complete  descriptions. 

For  our  reliability  we 
refer  to  the  Citizen’s  Trust 
Co.,  Utica,  N.  Y.,  or  any 
bank  in  Utica. 


The  Haskin  Shoe 
Mfg.  Company 

Stittville 
New  York 


BETTER  SAFE  THAN  SORRY 

Potatoes,  tomatoes,  cucumbers,  cantaloupe, 
email  fruits,  orchards,  can  be  sprayed;  at 
slight;  comparative  cost  for  protection  against  i 
blight,  bugs,  scale,  etc. .with  nu  “IKON  AGE”  1 
SPRAYEK.  Also,  actually  increases  the 
yield.  The  machine  is  adjustable  to  various 
width  rows  —  solution  thoroughly  mixed — 

delivered  in  a  fine  spray  that  covers  the  plant  _ 

—single  or  double  acting  pumps — three,  four-,  six  or  sevea 
rows — one  or  two  horses — 55  or  100  gallon  steel  or  wood 
tanks.  Has  orchard  attachment  and  many  others. 


IRON  MB  Farm  and  Garden  Tools 

wo  practical,  •ffeettve,  economical 
Th«y  give  permanent  satisfac¬ 
tion.  We  have  been  making 
the  dependable  kind  for  75  /'£ 

years.  Formulas  for 
■olutions  furnished  on  y  vL-'-'if’ 
application.  Write  for  2s5m 
our'frco  Anniversary 

Catalog  showing  pota-  B _ 

to  machinery,  horse  hoea,  cultivators  nnd  complete  line 1 
of  garden  drills,  wheel  hoes,  orchard  tools,  etc.  ■" 

BATEMAN  M’F’G  CO.  Box  1029  Crenloch,  N.  J.l 


PETER  COOPER’S  PURE  BONE  DUST 

THE  OLD  RELIABLE  SINCE  1827 

STERLING  BRANDS  OF 
COMPLETE  FERTILIZERS 

SPECIAL  BLENDS  FOR  SPECIAL  CROPS 

'•  :  Send  for  Booklet  :  : 

PETER  COOPER’S  FERTILIZER. 


BRANDS 


Hale,  the  Peach  King ,  writes :  1  he  Double  Action  'Cutaway’  is 
a  splendid  tool.  I  use  it  m  polishing  off  my  peach  orchards  several  times  a 
year.  A  good  pair  of  horses  handle  it  all  right.” 

.  genuine  “Cutaway”  tools  are  used  and  endorsed  by  successful  orchard- 
lsts  from  coast  to  coast  and  bay  to  gulf. 

In  orchard  work  the  d river  can  cultivate  under  the  trees  and  below  the  low 
limbs,  the  horses  not  interfering  with  the  branches.  The  double  levers  give 
the  driver  lull  control  of  tool  at  all  tunes.  For  regular  farm  work  the  gangs 
can  be  drawn  together. 


UTAWAY 


DOUBLE  ACTION 
ORCHARD  HARROW 

Every  orchardist  and  fruit  grower  should  have  one  or  more  of  these  labor  savers 
and  fruit  makers.  They  will  positively  pay  for  themselves  in  one  season.  ffo  investi- 
gate  is  to  be  convinced. 

Thorough  cultivation  makes  large  crops.  Stirring  the  soil  lets  in  the  air,  sunshine 
and  new  life,  and  kills  foul  vegetation.  The  “Cutaway”  disk  slices,  stirs,  lifts,  twists 
and  aerates  the  soil.  Clahk’s  “Cutaway”  Tools  run  lighter  and  do  better  work  than 
any  other  machine.  I-asts  a  lifetime. 

Send  today  for  new  catalog,  “ Intensive  Cultivation.'’  Of  course,  it’s  free. 


839 


CUTAWAY 

MAIN  STREET 


HARROW 


COMPANY 

HICCANUM,  CONNECTICUT 


/The  Thompson-Breese 

\  1 1 Ol  aa  t  Handled  by  One  Man- 

rm  B  B  ll|"l  1 1 AfWt  mmm  Docs  Work  of  6  Men 
*  ^  W  W  and  12  Horses— Easily 

One  w1311  plows  10  to  12  acres  a  daj-,  any  depth  from  1  to  10  inches.  Plows 
absolutely  uniform,  no  matter  how  uneven  the  ground.  Right  driving 
\\heel  17  inches  ahead  of  left  wheel  makes  outfit  ride  over  gullies  or 
furrows  without  jolts.  Three  14-inch  plows  hung  under  the  frame 
forward  of  operator's  seat— work  always  in  sight.  Right  wheels 
track  in  furrow,  practically  no  steering  needed  after  first  furrow, 
touching  foot  lever  operates  power  lifting  device  for  raising  and 
lowering  plows  while  machine  is  in  motion.  Double  opposed  engine, 
i  inch  hot  e,  10-inch  stroke — more  than  30  horse  power.  Weight 
only  8900  pounds  with  plows  and  water  tanks  and  gasoline  tank  filled. 

Plow  hitch  from  front  of  machine,  giving  same  pull  as  horse  hitch.  H 
grade  transmission  and  differential,  three  speeds  forward  and  one  reverse 
—just  like  best  automobiles.  Not  an  experiment,  but  a  real,  proved,  prac¬ 
tical  Auto-Plow,  guaranteed  unconditionally  to  do  satisfactory  work.  An 
all  around  power  outfit,  not  only  for  plowing,  but  for  harrowing,  seeding, 
cutting  grain,  threshing  it  and  hauling  it  to  market.  Also  best  belt 
power  for  all  farm  machinery.  An  all  round  complete  power  outfit. 


WRITE  FOR  FREE  CATALOG 

giving  full  description,  with  prices  and  terms 

THOMPSON-BREESE  COMPANY. 
Department  109  Wapakoneta.  Ohio 


398 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  25, 


SEEDLING  APPLE  AND  PEAR. 

J.  11.  M7.,  Lambertville,  N.  J. — Where  can 
1  get  apple  seed  and  pear  seed  of  the  best 
kind,  as  I  wish  to  plant  a  small  nursery 
this  Spring?  What  kind  should  I  ask  for? 

1  wish  to  bud  all  Winter  apples  with  Rome 
Reauty,  Stay  man,  Mammoth  Black  Twig, 
York  Imperial  and  Willow  Twig,  if  good 
kinds  for  this  part  of  the  country;  if  not 
strike  out  the  poor  kinds.  I  have  a  small 
orchard  I  wish  to  sow  with  buckwheat  for 
chickens.  Will  it  do  to  turn  hogs  in  to 
help  themselves  if  there  should  be  more 
than  chickens  need? 

Ans.— J.  H.  W.  spaks  of  apple  and 
pear  seeds,  but  I  presume  that  he  means 
seedlings.  He  should  purchase  stocks 
with  branched  roots  to  bud  on,  and 
they  should  be  one  year  old,  and  caliper 
3-16-inch  and  up  at  the  collar.  Either 
French  or  American  grown  stocks  are 
good,  the  main  point  being  not  to  get 
old  and  stunted  stocks.  If  only  a  small 
quantity  is  wanted,  they  can  generally 
be  had  of  nurserymen  who  grow  fruit 
stock,  as  they  order  in  large  quantities 
for  themselves,  and  may  have  a  small 
surplus  that  they  would  dispose  of.  An 
inquiry  sent  to  any  nurseryman  adver¬ 
tising  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  will  no  doubt  get 
the  stocks  desired.  The  Rome  Beauty  is 
one  of  the  very  best  apples  we  have  in 
New  Jersey,  a  large  yellow  apple  beau¬ 
tifully  shaded  with  red,  is  a  good  re¬ 
liable  bearer  in  the  orchard,  and  seems 
to  be  a  favorite  wherever  planted.  Stay- 
man’s  Winesap  seems  to  have  suddenly 
sprung  into  prominence  in  a  very  short 
time,  after  being  kept  in  the  background 
for  many  years.  Thousands  of  trees  of 
this  variety  have  been  planted  in  the 
past  few  years  in  New  Jersey  and  else¬ 
where.  There  will  be  thousands  more 
planted  this  coming  Spring,  but  some  of 
our  best  New  Jersey  growers  are  not  so 
enthusiastic  about  it  now  as  they  were 
before  they  fruited  it.  Stayman  is  a  fair 
sized  dark  dull  red  apple  of  excellent 
quality,  tree  a  good  grower  and  an  early 
bearer.  York  Imperial  is  a  good  apple 
where  it  succeeds,  and  like  every  other 
variety,  has  its  strong  friends  and  also 
enemies.  Mammoth  Black  Twig  is  a 
large  dark  red  apple,  a  good  keeper 
and  good  quality,  bpt  from  every  grower 
I  hear  the  same  report  about  this  va¬ 
riety;  that  it  is  a  very  shy  bearer,  and 
unprofitable  on  that  account.  The  Wil¬ 
low  Twig  is  not  a  desirable  or  profitable 
apple  for  New  Jersey.  J.  H.  W.  should 
find  out  what  varieties  are  doing  well 
with  apple  growers  in  his  section  and 
decide  for  himself  which  are  the  best 
varieties  for  him  to  grow.  Strictly  Win¬ 
ter  varieties  or  late  keeping  apples  are 
scarce;  many  of  our  very  best  varieties 
have  to  be  kept  in  cold  storage,  if  they 
are  to  be  kept  through  February  and 
March. 

The  orchard  that  J.  H.  W.  talks  of 
seeding  to  buckwheat  for  chicken  and 
bog  pasture  would  not  appeal  to  me,  as 
I  would  not  like  to  sow  any  grain 
crop  in  an  orchard  with  the  intention 
of  allowing  the  grain  to  ripen.  If  it  is 
intended  for  a  green  crop  alone,  to  fur¬ 
nish  green  food  for  the  chickens,  then  I 
would  advise  sowing  Crimson  clover  or 
rye.  These  would  make  Winter  protec¬ 
tion  for  the  soil,  and  could  be  turned 
under  early  in  the  Spring,  and  the  or¬ 
chard  kept  cultivated  until  July,  when  it 
can  be  seeded  again.  Hogs  are  apt  to 
girdle  the  trees  and  tear  up  the  roots 
unless  the  bodies  of  the  trees  are  pro¬ 
tected  from  their  teeth,  and  the  ground 
be  protected  from  their  nose  by  strong 
wire  rings.  The  plan  that  most  of  our 
large  orchardists  follow,  is  to  plow  early 
in  Spring,  and  then  with  a  Cutaway, 
spring-tooth  and  smoothing  -harrows 
keep  the  ground  thoroughly  cultivated 
and  pulverized,  forming  a  dust  mulch 
that  retains  the  moisture  and  insures 
a  healthy  growth  and  the  bringing  to 
perfection  the  crop  of  fruit.  After  July 
1  to  15  cultivation  is  stopped  and  clover, 
rye  or  some  cover  crop  is  planted,  while 
others  allow  the  weeds  to  grow  and  pro¬ 
tect  the  soil  without  any  cost  for  seed. 

E.  S.  BLACK. 


WOOD  ASHES  AND  THE  POTATO  SCAB. 

I  undertook  some  experiments,  commenc¬ 
ing  in  the  Spring  of  1908  and  continuing 
three  seasons,  namely,  1908,  1909  and  1910, 
for  the  purpose  of  determining  to  what  ex¬ 
tent,  if  any,  the  application  of  wood  ashes 
would  cause  potato  scab.  The  ground  that 
was  selected  for  the  experiment  is  a  sandy 
loam  and  the  place  where  the  trimmings 
from  the  orchard  and  vineyard  had  been 
burned  for  a  great  many  years,  and  the 
ashes  had  accumulated  until  they  were 
several  inches  higher  than  the  surround¬ 
ing  land.  Here  was  a  spot  that  had  been 
sterilized  by  fire,  so  to  speak,  and  also  had 
a  large  quantity  of  ashes  in  the  soil,  so 
much  so  that  the  land  showed  distinctly  a 
great  amount  after  having  been  plowed- 
The  potatoes  that  were  used  for  the  ex¬ 
periment  were  Cobbler,  and  apparently 
were  free  from  scab ;  but  were  not  treated 
for  the  disease.  They  were  planted  in 
hills,  2x3  feet,  and  kept  well  cultivated 
during  the  growing  season.  One  of  the 
most  noticeable  things  during  the  growing 
season  was  the  great  vigor  of  the  vines,  as 
compared  with  the  same  variety  planted 
in  another  place  and  similar  soil,  that  did 
not  have  the  “fire  treatment”  and  ashes. 
After  the  vines  were  dead  about  the  middle 
of  October,  the  potatoes  were  dug,  and  a 
finer  lot  of  tubers  one  could  not  ask  for ; 
extra  large,  numerous,  smooth  and  free 
from  scab.  The  potatoes  were  stored  and 
kept  separate  from  others  of  the  same  va¬ 
riety,  on  account  of  their  fine  appearance, 
to  be  used  for  seed  the  next  year,  and  thus 
ended  the  experiment  for  1908.  The  ex¬ 
periments  of  1909  and  1910  were  conducted 
on  the  same  ground,  using  seed  of  the 
previous  year’s  growth,  with  no  treatment 
for  the  prevention  of  the  scab,  and  with 
similar  results ;  namely,  fine  large,  smooth 
potatoes  free  from  scab. 

Other  experiments  were  made  in  a  field 
that  had  potatoes  planted  on  it  the  year 
previous,  and  had  shown  that  the  disease 
was  present  on  the  potatoes.  In  this  ex¬ 
periment  the  seed  potatoes  were  treated 
before  cutting,  with  formaldehyde  40  per 
cent.,  half  pint  to  15  gallons  water,  for 
two  hours,  being  put  into  a  sack  and  im¬ 
mersed  in  a  cask  for  that  length  of  time, 
and  then  taken  out  and  dried  before  cut¬ 
ting.  After  the  ground  had  been  fitted  fur¬ 
rows  were  made  with  a  shovel  plow  about 
three  feet  apart  and  the  seed  pieces  put  in 
the  bottom  of  the  furrow  15  inches  apart; 
and  before  covering,  half  a  pint  of  hard¬ 
wood  unleached  ashes  was  put  on  to  each 
piece,  and  then  covered  with  earth,  leaving 
every  other  row  without  the  ashes,  so  as 
to  note  the  result  during  the  growing  sea¬ 
son,  and  at  digging  time.  It  was  a  mis¬ 
take  to  put  the  caustic  ashes  in  direct 
contact  with  the  seed  potatoes,  as  it  pre¬ 
vented  them  from  sprouting,  and  some  hills 
were  missing,  but  so  far  as  the  potatoes 
were  concerned  at  digging  time,  no  differ¬ 
ence  could  be  observed  in  the  rows  that 
had  been  treated  with  ashes  or  left  with¬ 
out.  The  potatoes  were  large,  smooth,  and 
apparently  free  from  scab  in  all  the  rows. 
From  experiments  made  thus  far  the  con¬ 
clusion  would  be,  that  the  potato  scab  is 
perpetuated  by  being  planted  in  ground 
that  had  previously  been  affected,  with  seed 
that  is  affected ;  by  boxes  and  barrels  or 
sacks  that  have  been  inoculated  in  hand¬ 
ling  or  storing ;  and  that  the  mere  presence 
of  wood  ashes,  even  in  large  quantities, 
would  not  be  sufficient  to  cause  the  scab ; 
that  it  never  comes  from  nothing,  or  orig¬ 
inates  spontaneously,  but  must  have  a  liv¬ 
ing  germ  or  seed  and  proper  environment 
to  perpetuate  itself.  Therein  lies  the  hope 
of  the  potato  grower,  that  by  selecting  seed 
that  is  free  from  the  disease  and  using  the 
proper  remedies  at  planting  time,  he  can 
control,  and  possibly  eradicate  the  potato 
scab  from  his  land.  henry  b.  spencer. 

Cuyahoga  Co.,  Ohio. 

R.  N.-Y. — It  is  not  claimed  that  wood 
ashes  “cause  scab.”  The  claim  is  that  this 
scab  is  a  germ  disease  spreading  and  de¬ 
veloping  not  unlike  a  skin  disease  in  hu¬ 
man  or  brute.  Experiment  has  shown  that 
those  germs,  like  many  others,  thrive  and 
spread  much  faster  m  an  alkaline  soil 
than  where  the  soil  is  sour.  In  this  respect 
they  are  like  the  Alfalfa  or  clover  germs. 
Wood  ashes  contain  lime,  and  this  sweet¬ 
ens  the  soil,  and  thus  the  scab  germs  are 
more  likely  to  be  troublesome  where  ashes 
are  used.  That  is  what  both  scientific  men 
and  practical  farmers  claim  and  there  are 
manv  experiments  which  prove  it.  We 
might  just  as  well  claim  that  lime  causes 
or  produces  the  germs  which  make  Alfalfa 
so  valuable.  It  does  not  do  anything  of 
the  sort,  but  gives  those  germs  a  better 
chance  to  grow  and  spread.  Many  cases 
have  been  reported  to  us  where  lime  was 
used  heavily,  yet  the  Alfalfa  was  close  to 
a  failure.  That  was  because  there  were 
no  germs  in  the  soil. 

We  would  give  that  same  explanation  for 
the  case  where  the  soil  was  turned  over. 
The  action  of  the  fire  destroyed  all  scab 
germs.  The  seed  was  clean  and  there  could 
be  no  scab.  We  had  a  case  like  this  some 
years  ago.  A  farmer  in  Michigan  reported 
the  heavy  use  of  ashes  on  burned-over  land, 
yet  there  was  no  scab.  We  had  samples 
of  this  soil  sent  to  an  experiment  station, 
and  it  was  impossible  to  find  any  scab 
germs  in  it.  Under  such  conditions,  of 
course,  there  could  be  no  scab,  no  matter 
how  much  ashes  were  used.  It  would  not 
be  safe  to  take  such  exceptional  cases  for 
the  rule.  In  most  old  land  scab  germs  may 
be  found,  and  it  will  be  found  safer  to 
use  other  forms  of  potash  on  potatoes  and 
the  wood  ashes  on  clover  or  grass. 


THE  OTTO  GASOLENE  ENGINE 

was  made  fox*  service  and  economy. 

We  liave  been  making  engines  fox*  35  yeai*s  and  tliere  are 
over  100,000  of  oxxr  engines  in  xxse  today. 

Consumes  less  gasolene  than  any  otlxer  engine  under 
actual  woi'king  conditions  WHICH  MEANS  ECONOMY. 

You  need  it  on  the  farm,  whethei*  operating  cream  sepa- 
ratoi*,  feed  gi*inder,  fanning  mill,  thi*esher,  spreadei*, 
turning  grindstone,  sawing  wood,  in  fact  any  kind  of 
work  that  a  good  engine  is  intended  to  do.  Investigate 
our  line  of  gas  and  gasolene  engines,  it  will  mean  a 
gi-eat  saving  to  you  in  the  end. 

Write  for  our  catalogue  and  state  wliat  size  engine  you  could  use. 

THE  OTTO  GAS  ENGINE  WORKS, 

3304  Walnut  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


gasoline,  distillate,  any  fuel  oil,  perfectly — without  change 

Cheapest,  Safest,  Simplest 

POWER 


for  barn  work, house  work,  mill  work,  dairy  work,  well 
work. spraying, sawing, irrigation, electric liglrts,  pumping. 

Astonishing  success.  More  power  gallon  for  gallon.  Hun¬ 
dred  less  parts.  Patent  thro  ttlo  gives  three  engines  for  the 
price  of  one.  Catalog  free — tells  how . 

Double  duty  tank  revolutionizes  cooling 
systems.  Force  feed  lubricator — per¬ 
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Ball  bearing  governor.  Starts  in¬ 
stantly.  No  pro-heating  No 
crank  Experience  unnec¬ 
essary  Women  can  oper- 
tato.  Vibration  elimina- 
ed.  Quality  high— prico 
low.  Comes  complete 
Always  hungry  for 
work — and  thrives  on  it. 

FREE  TRIAL 

No  obligation  till  satis- 
fied.  id-year  guarantee. 

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write  for  it  MOW. 

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WE  SELL  FARMS  in  Oceana,  best  County  in  U.  S. 

Fruit,  Alfalfa,  Grain, Vegetables,  Stock,  Poul¬ 
try.  J.  D.  S.  HANSON  &  SON,  Hart,  Mich. 


NEW  YORK  STATE  FARMS,  all  sizes  and  in 
nearly  all  parts  of  the  State.  Illustrated 
catalog  free  to  parties  intending  to  buy. 

it  l,  A  I  TV  Svracnse.N.Y. 


Anyway, 
Try  this 

DIGGER. 


Saves  you  at  least  15 
cents  a  bushel  on  the  cost  of  . 
digging.  Gets  the  potatoes  out 
of  the  ground  clean  and  -whole. 
All  sizes.  Elevator  diggers  for  large 
fields.  Success  Jr.  for  small  patches.  < 
Write  for  new  catalogue  of  Diggers 
.  and  Farm  Machinery  and  let  us  tell 
you  how  you  can  try  a  Farquhar.  .  ni( 
A.  It.  KARQCIIAR  CO.,  Ltd.  -a™’ 

Box  200  York.  l’a. 


1 


61ateJ)ollcir^ 


* 


Put  slate  on  your  root  and  you'll  keep  dollars  in  your 
pocket.  No  more  leaks  or  expensive  repairs.  Nothing 


equals 


SHELDON’S  lcb 


GREEN  AND  PURPLE 


for  durability,  strength  and  economy. 

The  first  cost  no  greater  than  high-priced  prepared 
roofing  or  shingles.  Slate  docs  not  rust  or  water  soak 
will  not  melt— not  affected  liv  climate.  Our  free  book  I 
"The  Roof  Question”  tells  why.  Write  us  today  about  | 
your  wants.  Special  prices  on  car  lots. 

F.'C.  Sheldon  Slate  Co.  Granville,  N.Y. 


is  like  a  lot  of  people  you  and  I  know.  It  improves  on  acquain¬ 
tance.  You  must  know  it  to  appreciate  it.  i 

It’s  just  a  fine,  substantial,  solid  looking  engine  and  when  thi 
hard  work  comes  it  quietly  wades  in  and  does  it. 

The  Waterloo  Boy  22  ZIZZLZZ 

than  you  ever  expected.  You  can  always  depend  on  it.  You 
know  what  it  will  do.  It  is  so  simple  your  10  year  old  boy 
can  be  engineer  with  perfect  success. 

The  old  reliable  fly-ball  governor  keeps  the  speed  steady.  It  has  a  patented 
mixer  and  new  positive  igniter.  Automatic  fuel  regulation  makes  it  economical. 
The  speed  lever  will  vary  the  speed  trom  50  to  75  revolutions  while  running. 

Starts  easy  in  winter,  always  ready  without  fuss  or  bucking,  open  jacket,  frost 
proof.  Nearly  all  parts  interchangeable. 

Farmers  are  “boosting”  Waterloo  Boys  more  than  any  other  engine.  Docs 
that  prove  anything? 

|  Buttercup  Cream  Separator 

leads  the  world  in  efficiency — it  skims  out  99 — 99-100%  of  the 
cream.  It  is  a  standard  tested  machine  and  one  of  the  first  to  com¬ 
bine  the  wing  and  disc  principles  of  skimming.  It  is  low 

down,  with  heavy  base,  convenient,  light  running — has  large  bow',  easy  to 
clean.  Construction  simple  Jew  working  parts,  very  durable. 

You  will  buy  these  machines  when  you  know  them  and  will  like  them  better 
every  day  you  use  them.  They  will  prove  your  most  dependable  friends  on 
the  farm.  Test  them  at  our  risk.  We  send  them  on  30  DAYS  FREE 
Trial  because  we  want  you  to  know  them  before  you  buy 
them.  They  are  GUARANTEED  FOR  6  YEARS. 
Our  record  protects  you — 18  years  of  making 
good,  of  dealing  square,  of  keeping  our  promises, 
right  down  to  the  slightest  detail. 

Let  us  tel!  you  more.  Our  catalogs  are  free. 
Write  today. 


Waterloo  Gasoline 
Engine  Company, 

184  W.  3rd  Ave., 

Waterloo,  Iowa. 


1911. 


399 


THAT  WEST  VIRGINIA  POULTRY  PLANT. 

I  would  like  to  know  more  about  con¬ 
struction  of  the  poultry  houses  referred  to 
on  page  153.  a.  d. 

Our  building  is  345  feet  long  divided 
into  23  compartments  by  two-inch  mesh 
poultry  wire.  The  rooms  are  15x15  feet 
square,  six  feet  six  inches  to  bottom 
of  upper  joist  which  are  2x8  inches.  On 
account  of  the  unevenness  of  the  ground 
the  building  is  three  feet  off  the  surface 
at  places  while  at  others  it  is  not  more 
than  10  inches.  As  soon  as  the  sills 
were  laid  and  the  joists  put  on  we  be¬ 
gan  to  fortify  against  rats  by  nailing 
boards  against  sills  between  joists  to 
leave  no  room  for  rats  to  stand.  We 
laid  both  floors  with  rough  oak  boards, 
lower  floor  was  then  covered  with  two- 
ply  tar  paper,  with  seven-eightlis-inch 
tongucd  and  grooved  dressed  lumber. 
Upper  floor  was  covered  with  building- 
paper  with  three-eighths-inch  hoards  on 
top  of  it.  Upper  floor  for  two  feet  from 
front  edge  was  laid  with  matched  floor¬ 
ing  where  grain  bin  was  made.  This 
bin  is  345  feet  long  and  cut  up  with 
plank  partitions,  four  bins  to  the  room. 
Of  course  the  2x4  inch  studding  were 
put  up  as  soon  as  the  lower  joists  were 
placed.  In  the  diagram  below  F  shows 
the  weather-boarding,  one-half  by  six- 
inch  stuff.  The  space  four  inches  wide 
and  about  two  feet  from  studding  to 
studding  is  used  as  a  chute  to  carry 


grain  down  from  bin  H  onto  floor  of 
chute  C  between  studding.  This  floor 
is  run  out  and  forms  a  hopper  at  B 
(dotted  line  is  grain  running  down), 
which  has  a  lid  on  hinges.  This  little 
bin  is  eight  inches  wide  from  studding, 
eight  inches  deep  at  front  and  six 
inches  deep  at  back.  Plank  F  are  let 
run  down  lower  than  front  or  in  put¬ 
ting  corn  or  wheat  in  above  it  will  raise 
lid  and  run  out.  D  is  plank  to  carry 
grain  over  between  studding.  F  is  plank 
and  holds  it  in  there.  In  every  room 
we  let  the  ground  feed  (or  mash)  run 
down  through  hole  at  C  to  floor  at  G, 
which  is  set  in  between  studding  and  let 
project  out  to  A,  about  3 inches,  and 
a  hopper  made  so  as  to  hold  ground 
dry  mash  and  let  the  hens  help  them¬ 
selves.  On  second  floor  at  H  the  bin 
is  18  inches  high  and  ceiled  up  on  in¬ 
side  of  studding  so  as  to  hold  a  heavy 
load  off  weather  boardings.  Down  the 
chute  there  is  building  paper  under 
the  weather  hoarding  with  )4x6  to  pro¬ 
tect  paper  from  grain.  The  sides  of  this 
building  have  building  paper  under 
weatherboarding  and  under  plank  that 
are  against  studding  on  inside,  or  in 
other  words,  building  paper  on  both 
sides  of  studding  and  filled  in  between 
papers  with  sawdust  and  tamped  down 
fairly  tight.  There  are  two  bins  be¬ 
tween  each  window  on  the  front  and 
two  windows,  whole  sash  10x12  glass  on 
hinges,  to  each  room,  with  two-inch 
mesh  wire  over  glass  on  inside  and  one- 
inch  mesh  wire  over  one  window  frame 
outside.  Doors  between  rooms  all  swing 
both  ways  except  every  third  room, 
which  has  a  solid  hoard  partition  to 


THE  RURAb 

check  drafts.  Droppings  boards  are 
close  to  back  wall,  suspended  on  wire, 
as  are  roosts,  10  inches  above  droppings 
board.  A  pipe  line  runs  over  front 
edge  of  droppings  board  just  under 
joists  with  a  down  pipe  for  spigot  in 
each  room  where  we  get  all  the  fresh 
water  we  want  and  good  for  man  or 
hen. 

Our  house  upstairs  is  seven  feet  front 
and  four  feet  back.  Were  I  building 
again  I  would  make  it  eight  feet  front 
and  five  feet  hack.  Our  bins  have  a  car 
running  over  them  on  a  track  18  inches 
wide  made  of  2x2-inch  oak,  one  rail  on 
edge  of  bin.  The  car  is  16  inches  long, 
divided  into  six  compartments,  each 
holding  two  bushels,  with  sliding  bot¬ 
tom  which  makes  unloading  easy.  On 
the  back  side  of  upper  floor  we  have  a 
continuous  bin  where  we  keep  dry  earth 
to  go  down  through  chutes  to  drop¬ 
pings  board  by  pulling  a  slide.  With  a 
small  hand  scoop  we  spread  it  a  little 
and  the  hens  do  the  rest.  Our  mill  ad¬ 
joins  at  one  end  of  poultry  building  by 
a  small  porch  which  is  6x6  feet.  The 
mill  is  20x30  feet  with  two  stories.  Bins 
on  first  floor  are  set  off  from  wall  about 
12  inches.  On  second  floor  they  go  to 
the  studding,  hut  no  flooring  between 
studding  to  let  a  mouse  or  rat  sit  or 
stand  on,  so  they  have  to  be  in  sight 
in  this  mill.  Adjoining  mill  is  our  corn 
crib  between  which  we  stand  our  15 
horsepower  engine.  Machinery  is  on 
first  floor  of  mill,  with  elevators  to 
carry  ground  mash  up  to  car  on  second 
floor.  a.  r.  m’neill. 

West  Virginia. 


NEW-VORKER 


“Madam,  may  I  ask  you  to  remove 
your  hatpin?”  “Sir,  you  are  rude.” 
“Doubtless,  madam,  doubtless,  but  the 
discomfort  of  standing  in  a  swaying  car 
with  your  hatpin  through  the  rim  of  my 
ear  must  be  my  excuse.  Perhaps  my 
ear  is  too  large  anyhow.” — Philadelphia 
Ledger. 

“Say,  boss,  I  worked  off  some  of  that 
cold-storage  butter  to-day,”  said  the  new 
clerk,  with  the  air  of  one  who  expected 
a  compliment.  “Indeed !  Well,  that’s 
good !  Who  drew  the  prize  ?”  said  the 
pleased  grocer,  for  it  was  getting  to  be 
a  difficult  thing  to  do.  “Why,  I  sent  it 
to  Mrs.  Plash  around  on  Broad  street.” 
“Oh,  thundering  guns !”  exclaimed  the 
grocer,  his  tone  changed  and  his  face 
drawn  in  a  pucker.  “Why,  you  blamed 
idiot,  I  board  at  that  woman’s  house !” — ‘ 
Lippincott’s. 


DAILY 

OUTPUT 

18,000 

BBLS. 


YEARLY 

OUTPUT 

OVER 

6,500,000 


ALPHA 

PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


Big  Bargains  in 
QUAKER  CITY 

FEED  MULLS _ 

Send  your  name  for  money  saving  prices  on  41-year 
standard  grinders.  Book  shows  complete  line.  We 
pay  the  freight. 

No  Money  Down 
Liberal  Free  Trial 

Prove  to  yourself  how  superior 
Quaker  City  Mills  are.  Grind 
everything  from  corn  with 
husks  to  graham  Hour,  lfnotas 
you  expect,  return  at  our  ex-  \y- 
pense.  Get  Freo  Book  at  once 
and  pick  your  style.  Address 
A.  G.  STRAUB  COMPANY 
3737  Filbert  St.,  Phila..  Pa. 

or  The  Machinery  Warehouao 
3707  S.  Ashland  Are.,  Chicago  I1L 


Have  You  Ever 

Bought  a  Buggy  by  Mail? 

Perhaps  you  are  afraid  there's  a  chance  of  being  dissatis-  a  § 

fied?  Maybe  you  think  there  may  be  some  mistake— -that 
you  wouldn't  get  the  buggy  you  want— or  that  it's  a  compli- 

cated  transaction?  Perhaps  the  dealer  in  your  town  has  \®  **  0 

lead  you  to  believe  you  will  be  cheated,  or  that  you  can’t  save  *  ** 

money?  Let  us  tell  \  0  •  ** 

you  something !  Buy-  **  a  a 

ing  from  a  factory  by 
mail  through  this  ad¬ 
vertisement  of  Phelps, 
maker  of 


Amm 


Haff 


I  Guarantee 

ning  gear  to  be  made  of  triple 
,  A  grade  Straight  Grained 
Split  Hickory— the  same  grado 
exactly  as  this  spoke  which 
I  send  unpainted  as  a 
sample  of  the  mate 
rial  used  with 
every  Buggy 
I  ship. 


Split  Hickory  Vehicles 


-■■■■;  -V* 
1  v 


is  the  safest,  most  economical,  easiest  and  most 
satisfactory  way.  You  get  just  the  Buggy  you  want, 
made  to  your  order— just  as  you  want  it.  You  can’t 
run  the  slightest  risk.  First,  because  Phelps  and  his 
big  factory  are  behind  every  claim  he  makes.  Second, 
because  every  paper,  in  which  he  advertises,  knows  him 
to  be  responsible,  knows  he  fulfills  every  statement  he 
makes  and  that  he  protects  their  subscribers,  or  they 
wouldn’t  run  his  advertisements.  Don’t  you  want 

Phelps  Free  Buggy  Book  for  1911 ? 

It’s  his  only  salesman.  No  dealer  or  middleman 
of  any  kind  has  ever  had  a  cent’s  profit  on  a  single 
one  of  the  140,000  vehicles  Phelps  has  sold  on  this 
plan.  He  has  taken  off  of  the  price  all  of  these 
.  —  profits  and  given  them  to  his  customers.  This 

buggy  book  is  a  big  display  room  showing  125  styles  of  vehicles  of  every  kind.  More  than 
you  could  find  in  ten  big  towns  or  25  dealers’  stores.  In  this  book  Phelps  tells  you  all  about 
how  a  good  buggy  should  be  made  and  what  it  should  be 
made  of.  He  tears  one  of  bis  Split  Hickory  Buggies  to 
pieces  and  shows  with  big  photographs  every  point 
about  it.  Why  not  get  acquainted  with  this  method  of 
doing  business?  Why  not  get  acquainted  with  Phelps? 

The  book  doesn’t  cost  you  anything— he  sends  it  free.  You 
are  under  no  obligations  to  buy.  All  of  his  vehicles  are  sold 
subject  to  30  days’  free  road  test — with  a  two  years’  guarantee. 

PI  is  whole  proposition  is  too  long  to  make  in  this  ad.  Why  not 
write  a  postal  today  for  the  book? 


H.  C.  PHELPS,  President 

The  Ohio  Carriage  Mrg.  Co. 

station 290,  COLUMBUS,  OHIO 

Largest  Factory  in  the  World  Helling  Vehicles 
Direct  to  Consumer. 


trusted 

-y  _ 

“Pittsburgh  Perfect” 

Wire  Fencing  is  best  all  through. 

The  wire  is  drawn  from  a  special  quality  of  open 
*  ^  hearth  material — tough,  pliable,  strong,  long  lived 

WIRE  like  old-time  iron  wire.  It  is  the  finest  fencing 
wire  possible  to  manufacture. 

Galvanizing  heavily  galvanized  by  our  own  new  and  perfect 
Perfect  process,  the  wire  is  positively  moisture-proof. 
The  fact  that 

All  Stay  Wires  and  Line  Wires  are  Electrically  Welded 

not  only  eliminates  the  weakening  and  THE  WELD 

moisture  -  gathering  wraps,  clamps 
and  ties,  but  practically  transforms 
the  fence  into  one  piece  of  perfor¬ 
ated  steel.  .  — ^ 

Sectional  view — Amalgamation  perfect.  No  team 

No  Waste  Wire  There  is  no  waste  wire  to  make  useless  weight; 

instead,  heavier  wire  is  used  and  all  the  weight 
NoWaste Weight  is  fence.  Stay  wires  being  of  the  same  size  as 
line  wires,  the 

“Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Fence  is  the  Strongest  in  the  World 

EVERY  ROD  GUARANTEED  PERFECT 
Catalogue  showing  73  different  styles  and  sizes,  adapted  to  every  purpose— FIELD, 
FARM,  RANCH,  LAWN,  POULTRY — Sent  free  on  request.  Sold  by  dealers  everywhere 

PITTSBURGH  STEEL  CO. 

PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

Makers  of 

Pittsburgh  PERFECT”  brands  of  Barbed  Wire,  bright,  annealed 
and  galvanized  Wire,  Fence  Staples,  standard  Wire  Nails  and 
* ‘Pittsburgh  PERFECT”  Fencing. 


•400 


THE  RURAL*  NEW-YORKER 


March  25, 


HANDLING  SEEDLING  POTATOES. 

E.  W.  L.,  Lisle,  N.  Y. — I  have  on  hand 
several  kinds  of  seedling  potatoes  which  I 
have  grown  for  the  past  three  years.  Home 
of  these  are,  I  believe,  valuable  commercial 
varieties.  As  this  is  the  first  time  I  have 
developed  seedlings  I  should  like  your  ad¬ 
vice  as  to  the  proper  method  of  placing 
them  on  the  market.  I  should  prefer  com¬ 
plete  sale  of  my  interest  in  them  to  the  in¬ 
troducer. 

Ans. — Seedling  potatoes,  like  straw¬ 
berries  and  peaches,  are  readily  grown, 
and  often  show  considerable  local  merit 
under  the  careful  manipulation  of  the 
raiser,  but  unless  the  new  varieties 
really  possess  distinctive  and  lasting 
merit,  as  shown  by  extended  trials  in 
different  localities  and  under  varying 
cultural  conditions,  they  are  scarcely 
suited  for  commercial  introduction.  If 
prematurely  forced  on  the  public  they 
soon  drop  from  notice.  Reputable  seeds¬ 
men  are  slow  to  undertake  the  ex¬ 
ploitation  of  such  novelties  until  con¬ 
vinced  of  their  positive  merits.  It  is 
the  originator’s  privilege  so  to  demon¬ 
strate,  by  evidence  of  successful  trials, 
the  superiority  of  his  product  that  there 
can  remain  little  doubt  as  to  the  pro¬ 
priety  of  commercially  offering  it  to  the 
public.  Under  such  circumstances  it 
should  not  be  difficult  to  interest  a  com¬ 
petent  introducer  by  either  correspond¬ 
ence  or  personal  appeal.  Be  sure  you 
have  “the  goods”  before  opening  nego¬ 
tiations,  as  far  too  many  untested  novel¬ 
ties  are  offered  every  year,  and  the  po¬ 
tato  appears  especially  prone  to  rapid 
deterioration  when  its  seedling  varie¬ 
ties  are  intensively  propagated  by  tuber 
division.  As  to  the  mode  of  compensa¬ 
tion,  an  outright  sale  is  generally  pro- 
ferable  to  a  share  or  royalty  on  the 
proceeds.  The  price  to  be  paid  for  such 
novelties  is  entirely  a  matter  of  per¬ 
sonal  arrangement  between  originator 
and  introducer.  As  a  matter  of  fact 
few  plant  novelties  ever  directly  com¬ 
pensate  either  the  raiser  or  distributer 
for  their  efforts,  but  there  are  a  few 
brilliant  exceptions  to  this  rule.  Very 
few  potatoes  in  recent  years  have  proved 
more  valuable  than  R.  N.-Y.  No.  2.  Mr. 
Carman  received  $200  for  the  entire 
stock  of  this  remarkable  potato. 

w.  v.  F. 


A  Well  in  Sandy  Soil. 

C.  W.  K.,  Massachusetts. — On  page  126 
Charles  L.  Cook,  Long  Island,  says  he  has 
a  well  of  eight-inch  tiling,  51  feet  deep.  I 
would  like  to  know  how  that  eight-inch  hole 
was  made,  and  how  the  tile  was  put  in. 

Ans. — Probably  this  well  is  in  sandy 
soil  where  there  are  few  if  any  stones 
or  rocks.  In  such  locations  a  sand  pump 
is  used;  as  the  sand  and  water  are 
pumped  out  pipe  of  terra  cotta  is  put  in 
the  hole  around  the  pump  tube,  and 
pushed  down  by  attaching  new  joints  at 
the  top.  The  sand  pump  lifts  out  the 
soil  around  the  bottom  of  the  casing 
pipe  and  it  is  pushed  on  down  into  the 
opening.  Of  course  this  plan  is  used  only 
in  light  soils  free  from  stone. 

A  Cheap  Brown  Paint. 

R.  (No  Address). — Can  we  safely  use  a 
mixture  of  crude  petroleum  and  Venetian 

1  as  paint  for  old,  weatherbeaten  build¬ 
ings? 

Ans. — For  a  cheap  paint  crude  pe¬ 
troleum  and  Venetian  red  applied  to  old 
weatherbeaten  buildings  is  very  satisfac¬ 
tory.  Mix  the  two  a  few  days  before 
using,  stirring  same  every  day,  as  it 
takes  some  time  for  the  oil  to  penetrate 
or  become  affiliated  with  the  dry  color. 
Before  applying  to  building  add  about 
one  quart  of  naphtha  to  one  gallon  of 
mixture.  I  would  advise  using  linseed 
oil  mixed  with  the  red,  to  which  add  one 
pint  of  Japan  dryer  to  one  gallon  of 
paint,  for  doors  and  casings,  as  the  crude 
oil  and  red  are  slow  in  drying.  H.  H. 

Killing  Sumach. — For  many  years  I  have 
tried  to  kill  sumach,  but  it  would  start 
up  again.  Finally  I  started  a  fire  through 
it ;  all  went  down  before  the  fire,  trees, 
alders,  chokecherries  and  sumach,  not  a 
sprout  of  it  ever  came  up.  There  is  good 
grass  there  now.  I  burn  all  my  land  after 
it  is  cleared  of  wood,  for  I  find  where  there 
is  wood-dust  or  decaying  wood,  grass  will 
not  grow  well.  J.  H. 

Litchfield,  Conn. 


THE  CONCENTRATED  LIME  -  SULPHUR 
MIXTURE. 

My  attention  has  been  called  to  an  arti¬ 
cle  appearing  on  pages  100-161.  The  article 
is  signed  “IV.  II.."  and  is  in  reply  to  an 
inquiry  by  .1.  \V.  K.  in  regard  to  the  manu¬ 
facture  of  lime-sulphur.  W.  II.  recommends 
the  formula,  SO  pounds  sulphur,  40  pounds 
lime  and  50  gallons  water,  based  upon  ex- 
pe.riments  conducted  by  the  New  V ork  Agri¬ 
cultural  Experiment  Station,  claiming  “that 
the  amounts  set  forth  are  the  greatest  ones 
that  will  enter  into  solution  with  50  gal¬ 
lons  of  water;  consequently  any  greater 
amounts  of  lime  and  sulphur  do  not  add 
to  the  strength  of  the  mixture,  but  do  add 
to  the  sediment.”  He  further  claims  that 
the  solution  so  made  will  test  “  a  little 
over  28  degrees  Baume.”  As  some  of  the 
prominent  orchardists  of  Michigan  are  de¬ 
manding  why,  in  the  light  of  these  state¬ 
ments,  we  are  recommending  a  formula  call¬ 
ing  for  more  lime  and  sulphur  to  50  gal¬ 
lons  of  water  I  desire  to  call  attention 
to  some  inaccuracies  in  the  above  state¬ 
ments. 

In  the  first  place,  the  claims  as  set  forth 
are  not  the  claims  of  the  New  York  Sta¬ 
tion  authorities.  Iu  Bulletin  239  of  the 
New  York  Agricultural  Station  the  formula 
36  pounds  lime,  80  pounds  sulphur  and  50 
gallons  of  water  are  recommended,  and  the 
claim  is  made  that  with  this  formula  a 
greater  percentage  of  the  lime  and  sulphur 
used  goes  into  solution  than  when  larger 
proportions  of  lime  and  sulphur  are  taken. 
Furthermore,  a  lime-sulphur  solution  testing 
28  degrees  B.  should  contain  approximately 
21  per  cent  sulphur  in  solution.  Now  50 
gallons  of  water  will  weigh  about  415 
pounds,  and  with  40  pounds  of  lime  and  80 
pounds  of  sulphur  added  to  this  we  would 
have  as  a  final  product,  a  solution,  pro¬ 
vided  all  the  lime  and  sulphur  were  dis¬ 
solved,  weighing  about  535  pounds.  It 
may  easily  be  figured  then,  that  the  very 
highest  percentage  of  sulphur  possible 
would  be  slightly  less  than  15,  but  as  every¬ 
one  knows,  who  has  had  experience  In  mak¬ 
ing  this  solution,  it  is  a  practical  impos¬ 
sibility  to  bring  about  a  perfect  solution 
of  all  the  ingredients,  consequently,  in  prac¬ 
tice  the  strength  of  the  solution  would  be 
even  less  than  theory. 

The  writer  made  a  lime-sulphur  solution 
on  a  small  scale  in  the  laboratory,  using 
the  above  proportions,  and  the  resulting 
solution  had  a  Baume  reading  of  23.6  de¬ 
grees,  and  contained  14.56  per  cent,  sulphur. 
This  is  slightly  less  than  the  theoretical 
amount.  Most  commercial  preparations  of 
lime-sulphur  sold  in  Michigan  have  a  Baume 
reading  of  32  to  33  degrees,  and  contain 
from  25  to  26  per  cent  soluble  sulphur.  This 
means  that  more  than  130  pounds  of  sul¬ 
phur  are  contained  in  50  gallons  of  solu¬ 
tion.  A  sample  of  the  solution  has  been 
prepared  in  our  laboratory  testing  36.8 
degrees  B.,  and  containing  27.83  per  cent, 
soluble  sulphur.  It  is  plainly  evident,  there¬ 
fore,  that  very  much  larger  amounts  of  lime 
and  sulphur  may  be  brought  into  solution 
with  50  gallons  of  water  than  are  called 
for  in  the  formula  recommended  by  W.  If. 
From  the  standpoint  of  economy  the  writer 
believes  it  wiser  to  prepare  solutions  of 
greater  concentration  than  is  possible  by 
the  formula  40-80-50,  for  by  so  doing  a 
saving  is  effected  ill  labor  and  fuel  and 
cost  of  receptacles  for  storing  the  solution. 
By  using  the  formula  60-120-50  the  same 
amount  of  sulphur  may  be  brought  into 
solution  in  two  boilings  as  would  be  dis¬ 
solved  In  three  boilings  with  the  40-80-50 
formula.  The  expense  of  boiling  one  batch 
of  solution  is  saved,  besides  the  cost  of  one 
barrel.  This  saving  would  amount  nearly 
to  the  cost  of  50  gallons  of  the  weaker 
solution.  ANDREW  J.  PATTEN. 

Chemist,  Mich.  Exp.  Station. 

Dissolving  Corrosive  Sublimate. — 
Those  who  employ  the  method  that  .7.  1’. 
Stewart  gives  on  page  308  for  the  treat¬ 
ment  of  rot  in  apple  trees,  following  the 
infection  of  fire  blight,  should  take  care 
not  to  use  a  metal  vessel  when  dissolving 
the  tablets  of  corrosive  sublimate  in  water. 
Glass,  crockery  or  agate  ware  may  be  used 
for  this  purpose,  but  corrosive  sublimate 
quickly  eats  iuto  tin  or  iron,  and  in  so 
doing  is  itself  decomposed,  so  that  it  loses 
its  disinfecting  properties.  w.  r.  f. 


When  You  Buy 
Implements 

You  have  to  be  convinced  that  they  are 
the  best  you  can  get. 

How  About  Clothes? 

Do  you  take  the  first  suit  that  looks  well 
and  seems  to  be  of  good  serviceable 
material  ?  You’re  liable  to  be  disap¬ 
pointed  if  you  do. 

Woodhull,  Goodale  &  Bull  Clothes  are 
made  of  good  materials  by  skilled  work¬ 
men  according  to  the  latest  styles. 

We’ll  give  you  a  new  garment  for  any 
one  bearing  our  label,  if  it  proves  unsat¬ 
isfactory. 

Our  beautiful  new  book  shows  all  the 
newest  styles  for  Spring  and  Summer. 

It’s  FREE. 
Send  for  it  be¬ 
fore  you  buy 
that  new  suit. 


Woodhull, 
Goodale 
&  Bull 


200  West  Willow 
Street 

SYRACUSE, 
N.  Y. 


PEAR 

PSYLLA 


The  worst  enemy  of  the  Pear  growers  can 
not  be  controlled  with  lime  sulphur,  but 


t  * 


9  9 


used  in  the  Spring  just  before  leafing  will  not  only 
control  the  Psylla  but  San  Jose  Scale  and  all 
fungus  troubles  controllable  in  the  dormant  season. 

PRICES:  In  barrels  and  half  barrels,  60c  per  gallon;  10 
:  gallon  cans,  $6.00;  6  gallon  cans,  $3 .20 ;  1  gallon  cans,  8100. 

Conclusive  proofs  in  Booklets,  "Orchard  Dividends ”  and 
l  "Modern  Methods  of  Harvesting.  Grading  and  Packing 
|  Apples.”  Both  free. 

If  you  want  cheap  oils,  our  “CARBOLEIN'E”  at  30c 
per  gallon  is  the  equal  of  anything  else. 

li.  G.  PK ATT  CO.,  Mfg.  Chemists, 

50  Church  St.,  New  York  City. 


barrel  sprayer 

■  READY  TO  USE 

Can  be  drawn  on  sled  or  wagon,  by  one  horse, 
through  orchard  or  garden.  , 

Pump  is  entirely  outside  of  barrel  and  solutions, 
and  is  similar  to  the  one  on  our  Combination.  Field 
Orchard  Sprayer-100  to  12f»pounds  pres¬ 
sure-one  or  two  leads  of  hose-conven- 
iontcheck  valves— no  leather  packing. 

50  gallon,  horizontal  barrel— no  dan¬ 
ger  of  upsetting  whether  empty  or 
filled— nothing  inside  but  the  dasher. 

Ask  us  quick  for 
information  on  this 
latest  addition  to  the 


IRON  ME 

lin.  of  Farm  and 
Garden  Implements. 

BATEMAN; 
M’F'G  CO. 

Box  102-S 
Crenloch, 

New  Jarsoy 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  20. 

Don’t  Put  Off  Painting — 
It  Will  Prove  Costly 

The  longer  you  put  off  painting 
the  more  oil  and  lead  the  job 
will  take. 

While  you  wait  your  buildings 
rot,  exposed  to  the  weather. 

The  cost  of  paint  made  of 


<< 


Dutch  Boy  Painter 


»» 


white  lead  and  pure  linseed  oil  is  Dot 
so  high  as  you  may  think. 

For  an  average  house,  the  cost  now 
of  this  genuine  old-fashioned,  mixed- 
to-order  pure  white  lead  paint  is  not 
more  than  &4  or  $5  greater  than  it 
used  to  be.  Much  cheaper  than 
repair  bills. 

Write  for  our  free 
“ Painting  Helps  No.  1008 ” 

NATIONAL  LEAD 
COMPANY 

New  York  Cleveland  CJiicago 
St.  Louis  Boston  Buffalo 
Cincinnati  San  Francisco 
(John  T.  Lewis  A  Bros.  Co-, 
Philadelphia) 

(National  Rad  and  Oil  Co., 
Pittsburgh) 


Safeguard  your  homo.  The  DODD  SYSTEM  of 
protection  Is  the  standard.  Only  system  endorsed 
by  2000  insurance  companies.  Lowers  in-urance 
rates.  A  gents  wanted.  Fine,  large  Lightning  Book 
with  vivid  lightning  scenes,  free.  Address 
DODD  &  STRUTHERS,  437  6th  Ave.,  Des  Moines,  la* 


SPRAY 


FRUITS  AND 
FIELD  CROPS 

and  do  whitewashing  in  most  effectual,  economical, 
rapid  waj.  Satisfaction  guarautoed.  BROWN’S 

POWER  R  Auto-Sprays 

No.  1 ,  shown  here.  Is  fitted  with  Auto-Pop  Noxxle— 
doos  work  of  3  ordinary  sprayers.  Endorsed  i»y  Bx- 
I  periment  Stations  and  800,000  others.  4<>  styles  and 
/  sixes  of  hand  and  power  sprayers— -also  prices 
-  and  valuable  Spraying  guido  Iu  our  Froo  Book. 
Write  postal  now. 

THE  E.  C.  BROWN  COMPANY 

2  8  Jay  St ,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


AN  IDEAL  FARM 
AND  HOME  IN 
THE  SOUTH 

Thousands  of  Acres— Rich, 
Black  Sandy  Loam  Soil;  Virgin 
Lands,  fronting  on  the  ocean. 
A  new  country  opened 
up  by  the  completion  of 
_  _  _  a  large  railroad  system. 

Finest  climate  in  the  world;  Summer  all  Winter 
and  Winter  all  Summer.  Low  priced  lands. 
Low  freight  rates,  and  quick  transportation  to  the 
great  Eastern  cities.  Only  twelve  hours  from  New 
York.  It  only  costs  twenty-five  cents  to  take 
a  ban-el  of  potatoes  to  twenty  million  people. 
Write  us  for  Free  Illustrated  Booklet,  Maps,  etc. 
Address  WT.  W.  CROXTON,  G.P.A.,  Norfolk 
Southern  R.  R.,  Dept.  D,  Norfolk,  Va. 


CAROLINA 
COAST 
COUNTRY 


CIRCULAR  45 

PROLONGING  the  LIFE  of  FENCE  POSTS 

Now  ready  for  free  distribution. 

Full  and  complete  data  on  brush  and  tank  treat¬ 
ment  of  fence  or  vineyard  posts  to  prevent  their 
decay  by  use  of  Avenarius  Carbolineum,  the  wood 
preserver  in  constant  use  since  1875.  Write 

CARBOLINEUM  WOOD  PRESERVING  CO. 
181  Franklin  Street.  New  York.  N.  Y. 


-m  KING  SPREADER 


TRY  IT 
FOR 
US. 

TAKE 
AGENCY 
AND 
GET  A 

v_ 


Distributes  Lime,  Ashes,  Fertilizers, 

Bone  Meal  and  fine  Compost  evenly  ! 
from  joo  lbs-  to  2  tons  to  acre.  I n  Three 
sizes,  cleans  itself.  Simple,  best  made.  , 

I  We  prove  our  confidence  by  terms.  ! 

KING  WEEDER  CO.,  Richmond,  Va 
SAMPLE  AT  NO  MONEY  COST  PLAN 


ONLY 

$15.00 

25.00 

35.00 

Freight 

Paid. 


I  NEW  ENGLAND  CORN  GROWERS  l 

The  Coe-Mortimer  Grand  Prize  of  $500 


FOR  THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  ACRE  OF 
FIELD  CORN  IS  OPEN  TO  ALL  OF  YOU 

It  makes  no  difference  whose  fertilizer  you  use,  or  how  much  per  acre. 

The  Plan  of  Competition  is  given  in  The  Rural  New-Yorker  for  March  4th. 
Read  it  and  get  ready  to  compete. 

Copy  of  plan  and  our  handsome  Memorandum  Booklet  sent  free  on  request. 
(Competition  will  close  on  or  before  November  1st,  1911.) 

THE  COE-MORTIMER  COMPANY 


Sole  Manufacturers  of  the  Celebrated 

E.  FRANK  COE  FERTILIZERS 
&  PER  UVIAN  BRANDS 


24-26  Stone  Street 

New  York  City 


THE  RU  RAL  NEW-YORKER 


401 


1911. 

A  NEARLY  YEAR -AROUND  VEGETABLE 
GARDEN. 

I  shall  endeavor  to  give  you  a  brief 
history  of  how  I  used  vegetables  from 
my  garden  every  month  from  April  to 
March.  In  September,  1909,  I  sowed 
some  spinach  in  between  the  strawberry 
rows.  After  the  ground  was  frozen  I 
mulched  the  berries  with  long  stable 
manure.  This  furnished  some  little  pro¬ 
tection  for  the  spinach.  On  February  22 
I  planted  some  lettuce  seed  in  a  cold 
frame.  Lettuce  plants  I  set  in  the 
open  ground  on  April  2.  Some  lettuce 
was  left  in  the  frame,  and  this  was 
ready  for  use  in  April,  not  waiting  for 
it  to  head  but  using  the  leaves.  April  7 
I  began  to  use  spinach ;  on  the  16th  used 
first  lettuce,  and  on  the  28th  we  used 
the  first  rhubarb.  These  three  consti¬ 
tuted  the  variety  for  April.  On  May  4 
we  ate  our  first  radishes  and  picked  the 
first  ripe  strawberries  on  the  18th ;  five 
varieties  of  truck  in  May.  June  4  pulled 
our  first  beets;  on  June  8  used  our  first 
peas;  dug  potatoes  on  June  25,  and' ate 
beans  on  June  28;  these  four  additional 
gave  us  a  list  of  nine  in  June. 

On  July  8  used  our  first  sugar  corn, 
Peep  o'  Day  variety;  tomatoes  on  the 
12th,  squash  on  the  20th,  pumpkin  on  the 
25th,  so  that  in  July  we  had  green  and 
wax  beans,  peas,  lettuce,  beets,  potatoes, 
rhubarb,  onions,  corn,  tomatoes,  squash 
and  pumpkin ;  12  varieties  of  truck  that 
month.  August  1  we  added  cucumbers 
and  Lima  beans  to  our  bill  of  fare,  also 
radishes  during  the  month.  The  only 
new  dishes  added  in  September  were 
eggplant  and  celery.  Peppers  and  cab¬ 
bage  came  in  October.  Potatoes  were 
dug  on  July  3  and  furnished  our  supply 
until  February  1.  We  had  radishes  un¬ 
til  the  ground  froze.  On  November  2 
we  picked  all  the  green  tomatoes  off 
the  vines  and  spread  out  newspapers  on 
cement  bottom  of  cellar,  and  laid  the 
tomatoes  on  these  papers,  always  hand¬ 
ling  very  carefully.  As  the  tomatoes 
ripened  we  continued  to  use  them  into 
early  January,  when  they  were  ex¬ 
hausted.  On  Thanksgiving  Day  I  dug 
trench  beside  Winter  Queen  celery,  and 
setting  other  celery  beside  it  two  roots 
wide  I  pulled  soil  to  the  roots  of  the 
dug  celery,  and  then  placing  pieces  of 
thin  boards  to  keep  the  dirt  from  the 
stalks,  I  banked  up  soil  outside  these 
boards  to  their  tops.  Then  I  put  12-inch 
boards  on  top  ‘of  this  bank,  and  farther 
apart  than  the  inside  boards,  and  filled 
between  the  top  boards  with  leaves,  j 
placing  boards  on  top  to  keep  the  water 
off.  When  the  weather  got  colder  1 
bound  my  stalks  in  bundles  and  laid  the 
bundles  so  as  to  protect  the  celery  all 
I  could.  When  I  want  to  get  some  celery 
to  use  I  remove  the  top  board  and  un-  ' 
cover  the  leaves,  dig  the  celery  wanted, 
replace  the  leaves  and  boards.  I  have 
been  using  celery  every  week  since  Sep¬ 
tember  17.  We  have  also  had  parsnips 
right  along  as  we  needed  them  since 
the  ground  was  first  frozen,  as  we 
think  a  parsnip  is  lacking  in  sweetness 
of  flavor  until  frozen.  I  dig  a  few  at  a 
time  as  wanted  for  use. 

I  am  writing  this  on  March  8  and  I 
yet  have  celery  and  parsnips  enough  ; 
to  last  until  I  need  to  clear  the  ground 
for  1911  crops.  Some  may  say  that  my  ' 
list  is  very  limited,  which  is  true,  but  it 
could  very  readily  be  increased  if  you 
care  for  some  other  varieties.  1  am 
situated  in  New  Jersey  in  the  latitude 
of  Philadelphia.  You  see  that  it  is  now 
more  than  11  months  since  I  began, 
which  makes  it  nearly  a  year-around 
garden.  stanton  kirkbride. 

New  Jersey. 


An  Arkansas  Lawn. 

C.  H.  A.,  Ozark,  Ark.- — Just  two  years 
ago  I  came  to  Arkansas  to  build  up  a  farm 
home,  and  chose  the  Ozarks  in  the  north¬ 
west  part  of  the  State.  I  have  a  level, 
fertile  plot  of  ground  that  I  wish  to  de¬ 
vote  to  shrubs,  trees,  vines  and  flowers, 
and  convert  into  a  lawn.  Can  a  man  of 
moderate  means  keep  up  a  lawn  of  one 
acre  and  do  a  reasonable  amount  of  farm¬ 
ing,  considering  that  above  yard  is  full  of 
shrubs,  etc.?  How  often  does  Bermuda 
grass  have  to  be  mowed  to  maintain  a 
smooth,  rich,  velvety  surface? 

Ans. — When  once  started  there  is  no 
reason  why  a  man  of  moderate  means 
cannot  keep  an  acre  of  lawn  in  good 
order  while  doing  his  farm  work.  Ber¬ 
muda  grass  should  be  mown  as  other 
grasses  as  fast  as  the  machine  will  catch 
it.  But  it  is  only  a  sun-loving  and  hot 
weather  grass.  Bermuda  will  make  a 
good  Summer  lawn  if  not  too  much 
shaded,  but  it  will  not  grow  in  the  shade 
of  trees  or  shrubbery,  and  it  is  brown 
all  Winter.  You  would  far  better  make 
the  lawn  of  a  mixture  of  Red-top,  Rhode 
Island  Bent  grass  and  Blue  grass  in 
equal  parts,  and  use  seed  enough  to 
make  the  soil  gray  all  over.  I  use 
about  five  bushels  of  grass  seed  an  acre 
for  a  lawn,  and  rake  it  in  nicely  and  roll 
if  the  soil  is  dry.  Then  start  the  lawn 
mower  as  soon  as  the  grass  is  tall 
enough  to  catch,  and  in  all  favorable 
weather  mow  once  a  week,  and  leave 
all  the  cut  grass  to  settle  down  and 
help  the  sod.  Tf  the  grass  is  cut  fre¬ 
quently  you  will  not  have  to  rake  it, 
and  it  is  far  better  to  leave  the  cut 
grass  as  a  mulch.  An  annual  top-dress¬ 
ing  of  bone  meal  will  keep  the  grass 
in  good  shape.  Do  not  be  afraid  that 
Blue  grass  will  not  do  there.  I  had  a 
lawn  at  the  North  Carolina  Station  in 
a  warmer  climate  than  the  Ozarks  and 
fully  exposed  to  the  sun,  and  I  had  there 
a  sod  of  Kentucky  Blue  grass  as 
springy  as  a  mattress,  no  grass  ever  be¬ 
ing  raked  off.  A  light  dressing  of  lime 
once  in  five  years  will  greatly  help  the 
grass.  The  Red-top  and  the  Rhode  Is¬ 
land  grass  will  come  in  faster  than  the 
Blue  grass,  but  the  Blue  grass  will 
finally  make  the  sod,  and  it  will  grow 
in  shade  where  the  Bermuda  will  not. 

W.  F.  MASSEY. 


“A  penny  mouse  trap,  please.  And 
let  me  have  it  quickly,  as  I  want  to  catch 
a  train  !” — London  Opinion. 

Bub:  “Father,  who  was  Shylock?” 
Father:  “Shame  on  you,  Bub!  Go  study 
your  Bible  !” — Purple  Cow. 


ORCHARD  CULTIVATOR 


THE  FORKNER  LIGHT  DRAFT  HARROW 

is  the  only  perfect  Halit  tunning  wheel  cultivator 
ever  ottered  for  orchard  work.  Each  section  is 
so  easily  manipulated  with  levers  that  a  small 
hoy  can  operate  it  and  cultivate  perfectly  20  acres 
per  day  with  one  team  of  medium  weight.  With 
this  harrow  one  team  can  easily  do  the  work  of 
two  teams  with  ordinary  harrows.  Works  well 
in  stumpy  or  stony  land  and  does  not  clog  with 
loose  grass,  roots,  etc.  Its  extension  of  11  ft., 
•*  ‘2  tt.  each  side  of  the  team,  enables  perfect  dust 
mulching  near  the  tree  trunks  without  disturb- 
ing  the  branches  or  fruit,  and  eliminates  tho  use 
of  the  hoe.  One  machine  will  work  101)  acres  of 
orchard  and  keep  it  in  garden  tilth.  These  ma¬ 
chines  are  labor  savers  and  will  reduce  your 
cultivating  expenses  one-half,  even  if  you  have 
but  live  or  ten  acres  of  orchard.  Full  particu¬ 
lars  on  request.  Address 

LIGHT  DRAFT  HARROW  COMPANY,  Marshalltown,  Iowa 


T 

dark. 


AKE  a  look  at  the  picture  above. 

Notice  the  prosperous  farmer  who 
has  just  returned  from  town  after 


He  is  in  the  act  of  lighting  up  his 
barn  and  the  space  in  front  with  same 
light  his  family  is  using  in  the  house. 

This  he  does  without  a  match  of  any 
kind. 

He  simply  walks  up  and  pulls  a  little 
short  chain,  and  presto,  he  has  it — a  flood 
of  beautiful,  white  Acetylene  Light. 

If  you  have  ever  lived  on  a  farm  you 
will  appreciate  the  advantages,  the  com¬ 
fort  and  the  satisfaction  of  a  barn  light 
that  can  be  turned  on  without  a  match. 

You  can  probably  recall  many  a  cold 
winter  night  when  you  came  home  numb 
with  the  cold,  and  with  fingers  all  thumbs 
tried  to  unbutton  two  coats  to  find  a 
match,  which  you  tried  to  scratch  on  a 
damp  board.  After  which  you  probably 
fought  a  few  rounds  with  a  smoky  light¬ 
ning-bug  lantern,  and  put  in  an  hour 
doing  chores,  that  you  could  have  done  in 
half  the  time  with  such  a  light  as  the  one 
shown  in  the  picture. 

*  *  * 

In  many  cases  farmers  have  a  light  put 
on  the  back  porch  where  it  can  be  in¬ 
stantly  turned  on  to  illuminate  the  yard, 
and  a  light  in  the  cow  barn  to  make  milk¬ 
ing  easy,  as  well  as  one  inside  and  one  in 
front  of  the  horse  barn. 

All  these  lights  come  in  mighty  handy, 
too,  when  there  is  trouble  among  the 
stock,  or  a  sick  animal  to  take  care  of 
through  the  night. 

These  barn  and  out-building  lights  are 
of  course  enclosed  in  solid  globes,  and 
can  be  fastened  anywhere  they  are 
wanted — in  front  of  the  stalls,  in  the  har¬ 
ness  room,  to  the  barn  ceiling,  to  a  post, 
or  the  top  of  any  door,  inside  or  outside. 

It  may  surprise  you 
to  know  that  just  \  \\  1  f  /  / 

such  lighting  plants 
as  the  one  we  have 
illustrated  have  been 
installed  in  over  185,-  '//T' 

900  farm  and  eoun-  '  >  ‘ 
try  homes  in  the 
United  States. 

In  every  case  an 
automatic  tank-like  machine,  called 
a  generator,  is  set  up  in  one  cor¬ 
ner  of  the  basement,  or  in  an  out¬ 
building,  and  from  this  machine  the 


Acetylene  which  makes  the  light  is  car¬ 
ried  through  common  gas  pipes  to  hand 
some  chandeliers  in  every  room  in  the 
house  and  to  other  lights  located  all 
over  the  place. 

That’s  all  there  is  to  an  Acetylene 
Light  Plant.  Just  the  generator,  the 
pipes,  and  the  fixtures. 

Such  a  plant  can  be  set  up  in  from 
two  to  four  days  by  any  man  who 
can  cut  and  fit  pipe,  and  without  incon¬ 
veniencing  the  family,  or  injuring  walls 
or  carets. 

*  *  * 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  enclosed  Acetylene 
Burners,  permanently  fixed  to  walls,  ceil¬ 
ing  and  posts  and  equipped  to  light  by 
the  pull  of  a  chain  without  matches,  are 
the  safest  lights  ever  installed  on  a  farm. 

Most  fires  on  farms  are  caused  by  the 
careless  handling  of  lanterns  and  matches 
by  hired  help. 

Consequently,  any  scheme  of  lighting 
that  can  be  operated  without  matches, 
lanterns  or  lamps  reduces  the  risk  of  fire 
to  the  minimum. 

And  that  is  why  the  engineers  of  the 
National  Board  of  Fire  Underwriters 
have  declared  Acetylene  Light  to  be  much 
safer  than  the  tip-over  lights  it  is  so 
rapidly  displacing. 

Add  to  these  features  of  safety  the 
fact  that  the  light,  volume  considered, 
costs  less  than  Kerosene. 

And  the  fact  that  it  is  made  from 
UNION  CARBIDE,  a  form  of  crushed 
stone  that  will  not  burn  and  is  as  easily 
stored  as  brick. 

And  the  fact  that  you,  yourself,  can  in 
20  minutes  make  all  the  Acetylene  you 

need  to  light  your  place  one  month. 

#  *  # 

Sum  all  these  facts  up  and  you  will 
see  that  this  light  is  a  convenience  YOU 
WANT  and  that  you  should  write  to  us 
today  for  estimate  as  to  the  cost  of  this 
wonderful  rural  gas 

light  for  your  own 

farm. 

We  will  gladly  send 
figures  and  very  inter¬ 
esting  illustrated 
booklets,  free.  Just 
tell  us  where  your 
place  is  located,  give 
us  an  idea  of  its  size 
and  address  your  letter  or  postal  to 
Union  Carbide  Sales  Co.,  157 

Michigan  Avenue,  Chicago,  II l* 

Department  I,  —  38. 


A  HARNESS 

THAT  OUTLIVES  THE 
HORSE 


Our  catalogue  accurately  illustrates  over 
75  Styles  of  harness  for  all  purposes.  Prices 
are  wholesale — saves  $10  to  SI  5  on  every  harness. 
Only  best  oalc-tat»ned  leather  is  used.  Every  harness 
guaranteed  for  five  years  Catalogue  F  free. 

King  Harness  Co.,  6  Lako  St.,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.,  N.  Y 


Stump  Puller 

Warranted  tho  most  practical  machine  made.  One  man  can  lilt 
20  tuns.  3  Styles.  10  sizes.  *25  and  lip.  Screw.  Cable  or  llan.1 
Power.  We  make  cheapest  TILE  DITCHER  and  Hie  best 
Pasii  Slai  uactap  ever  sold.  One  horse  cuts  2  rows. 
UUI  II  llul  VCdtCi  One  man.  No  twine.  On  trial. 
Agents  wanted.  Our  new  Ol  page  Catalog  FREE.  Write  todnv. 
R.  L.  BENNETT  &  COMPANY,  WESTERVILLE,  OHIO. 


FUMA 


fiiR^HIlA  A  kins  Prairie  Dogs, 

Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
and  G  r  a  i  n  I  nsects . 
"The  wheels  of  tho  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  yon  can  stop  their 

with  “Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  are  doing. 

EDWARD  K.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. 


LiTThE  Walter  was  always  carefully 
guarded  against  germs.  The  telephone 
was  _  sprayed,  the  drinking  utensils 
sterilized,  and  public  conveyances  and 
places  were  forbidden  him.  “Father,” 
he  said  one  night,  in  a  tone  of  despera¬ 
tion,  do  you  know  what  I  am  going 
to  do  when  I  grow  up?”  “What?” 
asked  his  father,  preparing  himself  for 
the  worst.  “I’m  going  to  eat  a  germ.” — 
Success. 


MA  KEJSA  RDENSNG  EASY 

It’a  a  pleasure  to  make  gam 
den  the  IKON  AUK  WAV 
no  back  breaking  nnd  grubbing  with 
an  old-fashioned  hoo  if  you  have  our  -c 
No.  l’JC  Wheel  Cultivator  and  Plow.  In, 
five  minutes  you  can  do  work  that  would  , 
require  an  hour  the  old  way— that  isn't  nil. 
you  do  better  work  and  insuro  bigger  crops 
Cost  $3.25.  Has  four  attachments. 


IRON  ACE 


Gardenl 
Tools 

include  a  complete  line  of  Wheel  Hoes,  j 
Hand  Drills,  Fertilizer  Distributors.  etc.J 
Prices,  82.50  to  $12.00.  A  boy  or  girl  < 
operate  them.  Write  to-day  for  our  TothJ 
Anniversary  Catalogue  showing  also 
potato  machinery,  orchard  and 
other  tools. 

BATEMAN  M’F’G  CO. 

Box  1024 


IT  BREAKS  YOUR  BACK 

to  pump  water,  grind  feed,  shell  corn,  cut  wood,  etc., 
after  working  hard  all  day. 

llmHE COOLED 

QUICKER --EASIER —  BETTER --CHEAPER 

Let  us  Tell  you  how.  Ask  for  our  Catalog  5. 

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A 

ONI 


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the  Hubbard  “Hone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


>ON 


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Now  ready  for  distribution. 
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402 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


The  middle  of  March  finds  Hope 
Farm  with  a  muddy  but  expectant  face. 
The  frost  is  still  below  in  the  ground, 
but  the  upper  three  inches  freezes  and 
thaws  every  24  hours.  This  is  what 
plays  havoc  with  the  uncovered  straw¬ 
berries.  They  are  lifted  a  little  during 
the  cold  night.  The  day’s  thaw  settles 
the  soil  away  from  them  and  night  gives 
them  another  tug  at  the  roots.  If  this  is 
kept  up  long  enough  the  root  is  finally 
exposed  to  the  wind  and  damage  is 
done.  Where  the  plants  are  fully  cov¬ 
ered  with  manure  or  straw  the  ground 
does  not  freeze  and  thaw  in  this  way, 
and  thus  the  plants  are  protected.  Our 
large  hill  plants  are  not  likely  to  suffer, 
since  they  are  firmly  rooted.  Where 
plants  are  full  of  weeds  and  grass  they 
do  not  lift  so  much,  but  this  is  a  poor 
argument  against  clean  culture.  Our 
berries  all  look  well  except  the  potted 
plan t s  which  were  set  out  late.  We  did 
not  dare  put  them  out  during  the 
drought.  They  made  but  little  growth, 
and  some  of  them  will  fail  to  show  up 
•in  Spring.  Yet  the  strawberry  plant  has 
a  strong  vitality.  We  potted  some 
plants  last  August,  but  the  ground  was 
so  dry  they  made  but  a  feeble  growth, 
and  did  not  seem  worth  keeping.  Some 
of  them  were  left  right  ,in  the  pots.  1 
find  that  these  pots  were  lifted  and 
thrown  out  of  the  soil.  They  now  lie 
on  the  surface  of  the  ground;  but  the 
little  plants  are  still  alive— with  a  mass 
of  bright  roots  inside  the  pot. 

Prizetaker  Onions.— We  have  12 
sashes  planted  to  Prizetaker  seed.  A 
shallow  pit  was .  dug  and  a  fair  coat  of 
manure  put  in.  Then  we  took  rich  soil 
or  black  muck  from  a  low  spot,  and 
mixed  it  with  lime.  This  was  put  on 
top  of  the  manure,  and  the  onion  seed 
sown  in  drill  about  four  inches  apart. 
The  seedlings  will  be  kept  clean  and 
when  the  bulb  is  about  the  size  of  a 
lead  pencil  they  will  be  transplanted  to 
the  open  ground.  We  have  a  piece  of 
strong  ground  just  below  the  spring. 
For  many  years  this  land  was  wet  and 
soggy,  giving  only  a  poor  bit  of  pasture. 
Last  year  we  ditched  it  and  put  in  tile 
and  stone  drains.  Late  in  the  season 
we  grew  a  good  crop  of  cabbage  on  this 
land.  It  will  be  plowed  early  and  limed. 
Then  the  stones  will  be  picked  up  and 
put  in  the  open  ditches  into  which  the 
ales  drain.  The  soil  will  be  smoothed 
:  nd  graded,  and  probably  about  May  1, 
when  the  onion  seedlings  are  ready, 
i.icy  will  be  transplanted,  about  four 
inches  in  the  drill,  which  will  be  18 
inches  apart.  This  will  mean  over  80,000 
seedlings  to  the  acre.  We  put  them 
close  so  as  to  work  with  hand  cultiva¬ 
tors.  It  is  no  place  for  a  horse  among 
such  a  crop.  This  field  slopes  a  little, 
and  in  order  to  prevent  damage  from 
washing  we  shall  build  a  low  dyke  or 
terrace  at  the  upper  end  to  carry  off 
the  water,  and  probably  one  or  two  more 
through  the  field.  Now  if  I  had  some¬ 
thing  to  sell  1  might  offer  a  “system” 
We  could  say  that  out  of  80,000  plants 
75,000  are  sure  to  grow.  We  have  pro¬ 
duced  onions  weighing  two  pounds  or 
over — therefore  we  are  sure  of  150,000 
'  pounds,  or  75  tons  of  onions.  As  such 
onions  are  cheap  at  five  cents  a  pound, 
we  have  $7500  coming  from  the  acre! 

,  Now  that  is  just  as  sensible  as  some  of 
this  poultry  “system”  figuring.  We 
make  no  claims  whatever.  We  shall  do 
out  best  to  attend  to  the  details,  but 
sad  experience  stands  at  every  corner 
with  a  sharp  barb  to  remind  us  that 
life  is  the  most  fleeting  kind  of  a  show. 
We  need  the  money  from  a  prize  record 
for  the  “red  heads”  and  “tow  heads” 
and  all  the  rest,  but  I  would  not  make 
any  bet  on  the  outcome. 

Leading  Cows. — When  I  told  about 
escorting  that  Florida  cow  home  you  re¬ 
member  I  said  that  no  doubt  the  expert 
cow  men  would  have  made  an  easy  job 
of  it.  Sure  enough,  they  come  forward 
with  various  “sure  cures.”  Here  are 
three  of  them: 

Why  did  you  not  put  a  horse  halter  on 
her  head  and  to  it  tie  securely  a  folded 
phosphate  sack  over  her  face,  and  a  six- 
year  Seminole  could  have  driven  her  anj 
where,  and  been  home  with  her  at  5.30 
p  m  A  well  blindfolded  cow  is  your  meat 
to  order.  When  you  had  her  hitched  to 
the  hind  axle-tree  of  your  wagon,  had  you 
taken  a  second  rope  and  tied  firmly  about 
her  body  behind  the  shoulder,  and  then 
passed  between  the  forward  legs  and  run 
the  long  end  through  the  hitch  rope  and 
then  on  to  the  axle  tree,  tying  it  so  to  be 
six  inches  shorter  than  the  halter  rope,  that 
cow  would  have  kept  up  with  the  wagon 
and  never  planted  a  foot  the  whole  distance, 
and  probably  pushed  the  wagon  forward 
some  and  saved  the  horses,  and  a  vast 
amount  of  unthinkable  thoughts  and  switch¬ 
ing  and  she  would  have  given  a  gallon 
of  milk,  possibly  more.  Tie  a  1 5-foot  rope 
snugly  with  a  non-slip  knot  about  her  horns, 
then  slip  the  long  end  up  under  the  rope  in 
front  of  the  horns  and  take  up  all  the 
slack,  having  one  ear  come  in  the  loop. 


A  cow  will  do  anything  rather  than  have 
her  ear  cut  off  with  a  rope,  and  you  could 
have  led  her  home  with  one  hand. 

Well,  gentlemen,  it  is  not  my  place  to 
dispute  your  statements,  but  it  would 
do  me  lots  of  good  to  see  you  tackle  a 
Florida  cow  with  any  such  contrivances. 
My  backing  would  go  on  the  cow!  You 
are  figuring  on  cows  that  have  been  tied 
in  barns  as  their  ancestors  were  before 
them.  Those  Florida  cows  are  too  close 
to  the  jungle.  I  am  willing  to  let  these 
men  remain  firm  in  the  conviction  that 
they  can  lead  a  wild  Florida  cow  in  any 
such  way,  but  when  they  get  ready  to 
practice  their  theories  I  will  gladly  pay 
$10  for  a  front  seat  at  the  exhibition, 
with  the  privilege  of  making  comments. 

New  Garden. — Our  folks  in  Florida 
have  had  fresh  vegetables  for  some  time. 
When  they  come  back  they  will  be  ready 
for  anything.  We  believe  in  feeding 
children  on  vegetables  and  fruit  rather 
than  on  meat,  and  so  we  are  doubling 
up  the  area  in  garden.  The  newest 
place  is  an  old  chicken  yard  where  the 
liens  •  have  run  for  several  years.  It  is 
naturally  good  soil — sod  when  the  hens 
went  in  to  clean  it  up.  There  is  a  little 
depression  through  the  center.  This  will 
be  the  place  for  a  .wide  ditch  into  which 
the  stones  will  be  raked. /.Phis  will  make 
the  place  level.  Then  it  will  be  plowed 
deep  and  limed  and  raked  and  harrowed 
smooth.  Our  plan  is  to  crowd  this  piece 
hard  with  double  cropping,  both  to  see 
how  much  one  can  get  out  of  such  a 
garden,  and  also  to  show  the  children 
what  can  be  done  with  thorough  cul¬ 
ture.  The  articles  which  Mr.  Stanton 
Kirkbride  is  writing  for  The  R.  N.-Y. 
are  good  for  farmers  to  read..  In  most 
country  families  there  is  some  one  who 
takes -to  gardening  and  who  has  a  little 
spare  time.  It  may  be  an  elderly  man 
or  woman,  or  some  one  not  able  to  do 
heavy  work.  If  such  people  could  take 
a  piece  of  strong  land  and  carry  it 
through  as  a  garden  they  would  be  sur¬ 
prised  to  see  how  much  they  help  the 
family.  They  would  help  the  farm  also, 
because  their  garden  would  be  a  stand¬ 
ing  argument  in  favor  of  better  culture 
of  the  soil.  Our  seeds  are  all  coming 
on  ready  for  transplanting  and  we  plan 
to  get  at  least  50  per  cent  of  our  Sum¬ 
mer’s  food  out  of  the  garden.  Another 
way  in  which  we  think  we  are  ahead  is 
ill  the  wood  pile.  It  is  a  great  nuis¬ 
ance  to  be  obliged  to  stop  through  the 
Summer  to  cut  wood.  We  hauled  down 
some  20  cords  of  wood  and  had  it  cut 
up  with  a  power  saw.  It  will  be  under 
cover  through  the  Summer,  and  all  ready 
for  fuel.  When  the  boys  get  back  from 
the  South  they  will  rejoice  at  this  wood 
pile — until  they  find  that  the  time  for¬ 
merly  spent  at  cutting  wood  will  now  be 
spent  in  the  onion  patch. 

The  Fruit. — At  this  writing  prospects 
could  hardly  be  better.  The  trees  are 
crowded  with  plump  fruit  buds,  and 
there  is  practically  no  scale  to  lie  found. 
Our  dangers  lie  in  late  frost,  locusts 
and  Codling  worms.  As  we  are  situ¬ 
ated  the  frost  cannot  be  fought  very 
successfully,  since  there  is  such  free  air 
drainage  that  we  could  hardly  hold  the 
heat  around  the  trees.  As  for  the 
locusts,  it  is  hard  to  get  exact  facts 
about  the  injury  they  will  do.  No  one 
here  seems  to  be  sure  what  they  did 
when  they  were  here  before.  I  shall 
try  some  experiments  in  spraying  a 
weak  lime-sulphur  wash  with  extra  lime 
added.  This  ought  to  be  a  good  turkey 
year  with  us,  as  these  birds  are  very 
fond  of  the  locusts.  We  shall  probably 
increase  our  flock  of  White  Hollands. 
The  Codling  worm  is  the  worst  pest  we 
have.  It  is  harder  to  fight  than  the 
scale,  especially  on  our  high  trees.  We 
expect  to  use  dilute  lime-sulphur  with 
arsenate  o'f  lead  added— giving  two 
sprayings  at  least.  This  is  our  apple 
year,  and  the  older  trees  are  alive  with 
buds.  The  younger  trees  are  also  com¬ 
ing  on,  and  we  know  full  well  that  if 
the  poison  is  not  properly  used  there 
will  be  at  least  80  per  cent  of  wormy 
fruit-  I  plan  to  get  all  the  help  I  can 
and  put  on  the  spray  at  once,  when  the 
time  is  ripe  for  it.  Our  young  orchards 
of  apple  on  the  hill  look  thrifty  and 
well.  Most  of  them  are  now  seeded  to 
rye.  I  expect  to  put  clover  all  over  this 
rye  and  then  plow  a  strip  about  six  feet 
wide  on  each  side  of  the  tree  rows. 
These  strips  will  be  fertilized  and  kept 
well  cultivated.  The  middles  will  be 
kept  in  rye  and  clover  and  cut  either 
for  hay  or  for  piling  around  the  trees  as 
needed.  The  time  is  now  about  here 
when  we  drop  out  all  cultivated  crops 
between  the  trees  on  the  hill,  and  give 
them  all  the  ground.  It  has  been  my 
plan  from  the  first  to-  do  this  and  then 
crowd  a  few  acres  of  the  lower  farm 
hard  with  such  crops  as  onions,  straw¬ 
berries,  celery,  etc.,  as  we  learn  how  to 
grow  them.  On  the  whole,  it  looks  like 
a  good  season  ahead  of  us.  H.  w.  c. 


CHAMOIS 

SKIN 

kha51 


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The  Strongest  50c.  Work  Shirt  Made 

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terial  for  U.  S.  Army  wear,  and  personal  test  will  prove 
V  to  you,  as  it  has  to  over  2  MILLION  men,  that  the 
Chamois  Skin  Khaki  Work  Shirt  made  of  strong  fibered 
khaki  with  the  soft  “chamois  skin’’  finish  is  the  best  work 
shirt  you  ever  wore.  And  it  is  GUARANTEED. 

At  your  dealer's;  if  he  can't  supply  you,  send  us  his 
name,  your  collar  size  and  50c.  in  stamps  for  sample  shirt 
and  book  of  new  patterns. 

THE  PRESIDENT  SHIRT  CO. 

121  Wyoming  St.,  Baltimore,  Md. 


57 


BUSHELS  MORE 

POTATOES 
PER  ACRE 
Where  Planted  Witl* 


IRON  ME 


^  d-lu; l  Averago  results  obtained  in  a  careful,  thorough  test 

(Improved  Robbins)  egainst  a  Ticker”  planter  by  Maine  State  Experimen- 

PfllSilft  r*i31’T§4>l®  tat  Station,  in  1910.  Ask  ns  quick  (or  the  proof— wo 

*  v  will  send  you  now  bona  fide  copy  o  their  report  in 

Bulletin  No.  188,  which  wil  I  be  ready  about  March  15  th.  Shows  exact  results  Also,  corn-  4=5  _ 
'parison  of  level  culture,  high  and  moderate  ridging.  10  '  per  cent,  perfect  plantingis  what 
you  want — no  doubles,  no  misses,  no  injury  to  seed.  Address,  Man  on  rear  sent  makes 

BATEMAS  MT'6  CO.  Box  102M  Orenloch.  N.J.  correction,  only. 


Refill  with  Well-Bred  Seed 

Raise  it  yourself  or  buy  it  on  the  cob 

Then  remember  that  the  best-bred  corn 
can  produce  only  nubbins  if  it  does  not 
have  food.  Supplement  the  clover  sod  and 
barnyard  manure  with  50  to  100  pounds  of 
muriate  of 


and  200  to  300  pounds  acid  phosphate 
per  acre,  broadcasted  before  harrowing. 

It  will  pay  to  also  drill  in  with  the 
seed  75  to  100  pounds  per  acre  of  Kainit 
to  keep  away  cut-worms  and  root-lice. 
In  this  way  Potash  Pays. 

Write  us  for  prices. 

GERMAN  KALI  WORKS,  Incorporated 

Continental  Bldg.,  Baltimore  Monadnock  Block,  Chicago 
Whitney  Central  Bank  Bldg.,  New  Orleans 


The  David  Bradley  Manure  Spreader 

([Judge  for  yourself  the  value  of  the  exclusive  and  special  features  of 
the  Bradley  Manure  Spreader.  The  spreader  not  having  them  cannot 
give  perfect  satisfaction. 

<JA  full  page  picture  could  not  reveal  the  superior  points  of  the  Brad¬ 
ley,  but  a  trip  through  the  factory  would  afford  you  no  more  complete 
information  than  does  our  Book  of  David  Bradley  Farm  Implements. 


Eccentric  Feed;  simple,  silent,  accurate, 
no  wear  or  lost  motio.i,  self  lubricating, 
spreads  thin  dressing  or  heavy  coat. 

Double  Chain  Drive;  each  chain  engages 
seven  sprocket  teeth  and  is  Held  securely  on 
sprocket  by  positive  leeks  on  idler  arm; 
chains  cannot  jump. 

Endless  Steel  Apron;  self  cleaning;  runs 
In  two  angle  steel  protecting  tracks  fastened 
inside  heavy  body  sills. 

Feed  Ratchet  works  apron  by  double  pawl, 
one  to  pull  and  the  other  to  hold. 


Watertight  Box,  bottom  made  of  matched 
first  quality  yellow  pine,  mounted  on  heavy 
sills  with  four  girts  mortised  through.  Low 
down,  easv  to  load.  Wider  at  rear;  no 
friction-  load  automatically  released;  no 
bothersome  force  feed.  Box  easily  removed 
and  truck  used  for  other  hauling. 

Light  Draft:  two  horses  do  the  work  of 
three  and  do  it  better.  A  boy  can  run  it. 

Levers  strong  and  heavy  with  malleable 
iron  racks.  Stanch  connecting  rods. 

Scat  of  comfortable  design,  mounted  on 
spring  standard,  swings  forward  for  loading. 


hat  Two  Bradley  Users  Say. 


Home  Route  No.  3.  Box  28,  St.  Charles,  Mo. 
Sears,  Roebuck  and  Co.,  Chicago,  HI. 

Gentlemen:— My  13-year  old  boy  runs  my 
David  Bradley  Spreader.  I  would  not  do 
without  it.  Have  spread  straw,  dry  and 
wet ;  some  stalk  fodder,  long  and  short, 
wet,  heavy  and  dry;  it  handles  all  the  same. 
Two  horses  handle  the  spreader  easily,  and  it 
works  as  good  as  any  other  spreader  1  have  ever 
seen.  It  has  not  gl  en  me  a  minute’s  trouble  and 
is  so  simple  In  construction  that  I  cannot  see 
much  to  wear  out  about  It.  I  use  it  for  a 
spreader  and  farm  wagon,  and  now  have  it  on  an 
<  Id  truck  that  Is  not  til  to  go  on  the  roads  with 
and  it  works  all  r'ght.  1  saved  at  least  $15. Jo 
on  the  spreader,  and  also  a  big  wagon  bill. 

Yours  truly,  BEN  P.  FETSCH. 


Gentlemen We  have  tried  the  Bradley  Ma¬ 
nure  Spreader  purchased  from  you  and  are 
much  pleased  with  it.  Quite  an  improvement 
over  the  spreader  I  purchased  from  you  some 
three  years  ago.  although  that  gave  good  satis¬ 
faction.  The  Bradley  is  stronger  and  better 
made.  The  eccentric  feed  regulator  beats  any¬ 
thing  I  have  ever  seen  on  any  spreader,  making 
the  spreader  run  smooth  and  almost  noiseless. 
The  angle  steel  track  under  body  which  supports 
conveyor  chain  Is  just  the  tiling.  The  automatic 
lock  which  holds  the  drive  chain  down  on 
sprockets  is  to  my  way  of  thinking  the  slickest 
device  for  its  purpose  yet  Invented.  Two  horses 
handle  the  Bradley  with  ease. 

Yours  very  sincerely. 

D.  CKONK. 


([Refer  to  our  big  General  Catalog  for  pictures,  complete  descriptions 
and  prices  of  David  Bradley  spreaders,  plows,  harrows,  planters,  culti¬ 
vators,  etc.,  the  farm  tools  backed  by  eighty  years  of  knowing  how;  or 
send  today  for  our  Book  of  David  Bradley  Farm  Implements. 

We  can  always  sup->!y  promptly  any  repair  part  for  any  Bradley 
implement,  no  matter  when  or  where  bought. 


ANDCQ 

CHICAGO 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


403 


Ruralisms 


LAYING  OUT  HOME  GROUNDS. 

T.  F.  Y.,  Huntsville,  2f.  J. — The  diagram 
below  gives  a  rough  plan  of  my  house  and 
grounds,  in  part,  for  advice  or  suggestion. 
I  have  an  old  place,  and  have  been  brush¬ 
ing  it  up  a  little.  As  you  will  see,  the 
plan  changed  the  old  garden,  or  put  the 
garden  elsewhere,  leaving  a  plot  50x100 
feet  in  a  very  conspicuous  place  unoccu¬ 
pied.  I  would  like  advice  as  to  the  most 
desirable  way  to  use  it.  I  would  like  to 
make  it  the  beauty  spot  of  the  place,  but 
don't  know  how  to  go  about  it.  I  have 
little  knowledge  of  flowers,  or  flowering 
vines,  etc. 

Ans. — The  plan  shows  a  newly 
sodded  plot,  southeast  of  dwelling  and 
conspicuously  placed  by  the  roadside. 
It  appears  to  be  practically  surrounded, 
though  not  greatly  shaded,  by  elms, 
maples  and  spruces  of  40  or  more  years’ 
growth,  which  should  afford  a  good 
background  for  ornamental  plantings. 
As  this  plot  was  formerly  used  as  a 
household  garden,  it  is  assumed  the  soil 
is  in  good  condition  and  that  the  grade 
is  satisfactory.  As  to  the  character  of 
the  plantings,  this  becomes  largely  a 
matter  of  the  owner’s  individuality  and 
taste  in  selection,  arrangement  and  cul¬ 
tivation.  A  great  variety  of  ornamental 


shrubs  for  front  rows  and  massing: 
Berberis  Thunbergii ;  Deutzia  gracilis, 
Clethra  alnifolia ;  Spiraeas,  Callosa 
Alba  and  Anthony  YVaterer;  Rugosa 
roses,  Blanc  Double  de  Coubert,  Mme. 
Georges  Bruant  and  Souvenir  de  Pierre 
Leperdrieux.  Other  reliable,  hardy 
roses  would  be :  Hybrid  sweetbrier,  Meg 
Merrilies,  crimson ;  Mme.  Plantier, 
white;  Magna  Charta,  deep  rose  and 
Harrison’s  Yellow,  bright  ye.'low. 

The  most  desirable  hardy  perennials 
giving  a  long  succession  of  bloom  would 
be:  Aquilegia  in  variety;  Campanulas; 
Delphiniums;  Dielytra  spectabilis 
(bleeding  heart)  ;  Digitalis  or  fox¬ 
glove;  the  various  hardy  pinks  or  Dian- 
thus;  the  Funkia  or  plantain  lily; 
Coreopsis  lanceolata  grandiflora;  Eryn- 
gium  or  sea  holly;  Hemerocallis  or  yel¬ 
low  day  lily;  hollyhocks;  lilies;  Lychnis 
Chalcedonica ;  Myosotis  or  forget-me- 
nots  ;  paeonies  and  hardy  Phloxes  in 
variety;  Veronica  amethystina  and 
Yucca  filamentosa.  A  few  bright  flow¬ 
ering  annuals,  such  as  Asters,  Calliopsis, 
Chinese  pinks,  marigolds,  nasturtiums. 
Petunias,  Phlox  Drummondii,  poppies, 
Salvias  and  Verbenas,  as  well  as  Cannas, 
Dahlias  and  Gladioli,  may  properly  find 
place  in  such  a  garden,  and  a  variety  of 
Spring  flowering  hardy  bulbs :  Crocus, 
tulips,  hyacinths  and  daffodils,  will 
surely  be  needed,  but  the  ordinary 
Summer  bedding  and  short-lived  foliage 
plants  should  be  avoided.  A  garden 


newly  soooeo  old  c  a  ftp  eh 
so  x!  oo  feet. 


6 


13 


1 

£ 

t 

HQU 

ss 

PLAN  FOR  A  PRIVATE  LAWN.  Fir..  135. 


I 

I 


plants  may  be  well  grown  in  central 
New  Jersey,  but  the  number  that  can 
be  accommodated  with  good  effect  on  a 
plot  50x100  feet  is  not  large.  The  owner 
or  gardener  should  make  a  study  of 
local  conditions  and  make  his  selections 
from  the  shrubs  and  plants  that  thrive 
best  in  his  locality,  arranging  them  to 
show  well  from  the  roadway,  but  not 
.  too  greatly  to  interfere  with  the  out¬ 
look  from  the  dwelling,  and  also  to 
avoid  overcrowding  of  too  stiff  and 
formal  groupings.  With  these  points 
in  mind  it  is  possible  to  develop  a 
“beauty  spot”  that  may  favorably  com¬ 
pare  with  any  in  the  neighborhood.  The 
owner  should  procure  catalogues  from 
the  nurseryman  and  plant  dealers  ad¬ 
vertising  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  He  will  find 
in  them  a  wealth  of  reliable  information 
concerning  ornamental  shrubs  and 
plants — their  height,  habit,  form,  color 
and  season  of  bloom,  hardiness,  dura¬ 
tion,  proper  distances  for  planting,  soil 
requirements,  etc.,  that  can  scarcely  be 
had  from  other  sources.  I  offered  a 
list  of  desirable  plants,  but  repeat  the 
final  selection  and  arrangement  should 
be  made  entirely  from  the  local  stand¬ 
point.  No  one  at  a  distance  can  intel¬ 
ligently  advise  in  these  matters. 

Shrubs  growing  from  five  to  eight 
feet  high  for  planting  near  eastern 
boundary:  Althaea  or  Rose  of  Sharon; 
Deutzia  Crenata ;  Forsythia  Fortunei ; 
honeysuckle,  white  Tartarian;  Hydran¬ 
gea  paniculata  grandiflora ;  Kerria 
Japonica;  lilacs,  white  and  purple;  pur¬ 
ple  fringe  tree  (Cotinus  Cotinus)  ; 
scarlet  quince;  Spiraea  prunifolia  and 
S.  Billardii;  Viburnum  plicatum  and 
Weigelas  rosea  and  Candida.  Dwarf 


worth  having  is  worth  all  the  thought, 
labor  and  energy  needed  to  create  and 
develop  it,  and  should  prove  a  “joy  for¬ 
ever”  to  the  fortunate  owner,  whose  life 
interests  will  surely  expand  with  the 
growth  of  his  cherished  plants.  Such 
work  can  never  be  successfully  dele¬ 
gated  to  another.  w.  v.  f. 


A  Mulched  Peach  Orchard. 

M.  W.  D.,  IK.  Northfleld  Muss. — Will  the 
correspondent  who  si'gned  G.  W.  I\,  Wilton, 
A'.  II.,  give  the  particulars  of  that  Carman 
peach  orchard  of  his,  such  as  location, 
method  of  planting  and  pruning,  how  ferti¬ 
lized  and  sprayed  V  Also  if  he  has  had  ex¬ 
perience  with  other  varieties  in  our  latitude 
(southern  N'ew  Hampshire). 

Ans. — Regarding  my  Carman  orchard 
of  100  trees,  the  field  on  which  they 
were  set  produced  but  little  hay,  not 
having  been  plowed  for  12  years.  Being 
on  a  hillside  that  was  liable  to  wash 
badly  when  plowed,  I  thought  it  an  ideal 
spot  to  try  the  sod  grass  mulch  system. 
The  trees  were  set  12  feet  apart,  a  small 
amount  of  ground  bone,  potash  and  ni¬ 
trate  of  soda  was  given  each  tree.  What 
grass  grew  was  mowed  and  placed 
around  the  trees.  Every  tree  lived  and 
made  a  good  growth.  The  second  year 
the  grass  crop  being  light,  I  bought 
baled  hay  to  mulch  the  orchard.  The 
third  year  from  setting  they  bore  a  few 
baskets;  1909  we  picked  300  baskets; 
1910  picked  400  baskets.  The  peaches 
were  very  large  and  well  colored.  Trees 
have  been  cut  back  and  fruit  thinned 
each  year ;  sprayed  when  buds  were  dor¬ 
mant.  I  Have  applied  chemicals  each 
year;  last  season  used  basic  slag,  leaving 
out  bone.  While  these  trees  have  not 
borne  as  much  fruit  or  made  as  much 
growth  as  my  orchards  of  the  same  age 
that  have  had  clean  culture,  the  labor 
and  expense  of  caring'  for  them  has  been 
less.  The  Carman  is  the  most  hardy 
in  bud  of  any  variety  I  have  grown ;  Old- 
mixon  next,  Crawford  and  Elberta  less 
hardy.  My  orchards  have  had  a  crop 
for  the  past  five  years,  which  is  perhaps 
as  well  as  other  New  England  orchards. 

G.  W.  P. 


Get  98%  or  Better 
Perfect  Fruit 


_  There  will  be  no  “off  year”  for  your  trees  if  you  cultivate  them 
right  and  protect  them  against  all  insect  enemies  with 

ELECTRO  Arsenate  of  Lead 

(in  Powdered  Form) 

It  is  certain  death  to  all  leaf-eating  insects.  You  can  depend  absolutely  on  dry 
Electro  Arsenate  of  Lead  because  it  is  the  only  one  in  amorphous  (non-crystalline)  form. 
Mixes  instantly  with  water  and  stays  long  in  suspension — or  can  be  used  as  a  dust.  Rain 
cannot  wash  it  off.  We  guarantee  it  to  contain  32)4-33%  arsenic  oxide  —  twice  the 
strength  of  other  brands — yet  it  will  not  harm  the  tenderest  foliage  because  it  contains 
less  than  of  i%  water-soluble  arsenic.  Prove  it  from  tests  at  Conn,  and  N.  J.  Agri. 
Exper.  Stations.  Write  us  for  them. 

Send  for  folder  on  Electro,  interesting  to  all  fruit  growers.  Folder  on  Electro  Lime 
Sulphur  tells  how  to  use  this  solution  which  is  certain  death  to  San  Jose 
Scale  and  sucking  insects  and  the  best  fungicide  for  summer  treatment. 
Buy  Electro  brands  from  your  dealer ,  but  if  he  cannot  supply ,  send  to 
us  for  prices  and  proofs  and  name  of  nearest  distributor. 


THE  VREELANO  CHEMICAL  CO. 
32  Church  Street,  New  York 


POTATO 

SPRAYERS 


233  Bushels 


more  per  acre  by 
Spraying 


That  is  what  the 
New  York  Kxper-^. 
iment  Station .... 
reports  as  a  to 
year  average 
Gain  by  Spray. ' 
ing  potatoes. 

Don’t  let 
blight,  scab, 
rot,  and 
bugs  cut 
yonr  crop 
'  all  t 


ff.T 

5U.  V\3< 

in  half — but  get  a  HURST  Sprayer  and 
make  all  the  Money  yon  are  really  entitled  to  for 
yonr  work  out  of  your  Potatoes  or  fruit.  Spray 
first,  then  if  you  bny.  Pay  Us  out  of  the  “Extra  Pro¬ 
fit.”  These  sprayers  Spray  Anything,  potatoes, 
orchards,  vineyards,  truck  (4  to  o  rows  at  a  time). 
“Man-power  and  horse-power.”  Powerful  pres¬ 
sure.  Easy  on  man  and  horse.  Strong  and 
durable.  Brass  valves,  plunger,  strainer,  etc. 
Guaranteed  for  5  Years. 


Shipped  on  Free  Trial 

without  a  cent  in  advance.  No  bank  deposit, 
‘no  strings”  to  our  trial  offer.  Wholesale  prices. 
We  pay  Freight. 

W  ri  to  ns  a  letter  or  card 
and  tell  us  which  mach¬ 
ine  you  are  interested 
in, and  you’ll  get  free  onr 
valuable  Spraying  Guide 
— .Catalog— and  ottrspec- 
lal  Free  Offer  to  first  in 
each  locality  this  season. 
Be  first  to  write  us. 

H.  L.  HURST  MFG.  CO.. 

288  NORTH  ST..  CANTON,  OHIO 


fpfW 


SPRAYING  is  effect. 

ive  only  when  well 
done.  Goulds  Sprayers 
are  famous  all  over  the 
world — even  at  slightly 
higher  price — because 
they  are  best  designed 
and  built  for  effective 
spraying,  and  made 
proof  against  the  corro¬ 
sion  of  spray  solutions. 

Write  for  Our  Book 
“How  to  Spray — When  to  Spray — 
What  Sprayer  to  Use” 

hull  of  valuable  spray  formulas  and  inter¬ 
esting  information. 

THE  GOULDS  MFG.  CO. 

RH  West  Fall  Street,  Seneca  Falls,  N.Y. 

We  make  Pumps  for  Every  Purpose 


1911  DEYO  POWER  SPRAYERS 

IO  Years  of  Success 


FRIEND  FRUIT  GROWER  :  Uncle  Sam  says 
you  must  spray.  Users  of  the  Deyo  are  relieved 
from  experimenting.  After  ton  years  of  service  the 
Deyo  is  still  giving  perfect  satisfaction.  Our  cus¬ 
tomers  are  our  reference,  ask  the  user.  We  sell 
direct  to  you.  Deyo  pays  all  freights  to  Missis¬ 
sippi  River  shipping  points.  Write  for  catalogue  19. 

DEY0-MACKY  ENGINE  CO.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


QET THE  BEST 

A  Good  Spray  Pump  earns 
big  profits  and  lasts  for  years. 

THE  ECLIPSE 

is  a  good  pump.  As 
practical  fruit  grow- 
|  ers  we  were  using  common 
j  sprayers  in  our  own  orchards 
j  — found  their  defects  and 
j  invented  the  Eclipse.  Its 
I  success  forced  us  to  manu¬ 
facturing  on  a  largj  scaie. 
You  take  no  chances.  We 
have  done  all  the  experi¬ 
menting.  Large  fully  illustrated  Catalog 
and  Treatise  on  spraying  FREE. 

MORRILL  &  MORLEY.  Benton  Harbor.  Mich. 

“ONE  FOR  ALL,”  No.  I 

OlATH  TO  IM.CCTS  \  FUN Ol 

Barrels,  425  per  Ilk 

H  Bbls. .200  lbs.. 05  a  + 


O.  O  NEW  YORK 


Wool  Greene,  Areenate  of  Lead,  Lime-Sulphur* 
Combined.  A  Contact  and  Poison  Spray. 

Ah  Insecticide  &  Fungicide. 

Only  Thing  Needed  for  all  Pests  or  Fungus. 
WRITE  FOR  BOOKLET. 

MANHATTAN  OIL  COMPANY 

Establieiiod  1863 

(SI  Front  Street.  New  York 

QDGA  V  Adopted  by  the  N.Y.  State  Fruit  Growers'  Ass'n 

wrllHI  it  wifi.  p\\  you  to  use  either. 


PASTE  OR  POWDERED 
FOR  ALL  LEAF  EATING  INSECTS 


RESPONSIBLE  DISTRIBUTERS  »»o  AGENTS  WANTED 

KEY  BRAND 

RIGHT  PRICE  and  MATERIAL 

FUNGICIDE  and  INSECTICIDE 

t  » - —  USE 

——JILL 

INTERSTATE  CHEMICAL  CO. 

14  BAYVIEW  AVE..JERSEY  CITY.  N.J 

WRITE  FOR  PRICES, CIRCULARS  ETC.  CORRESPONDENCE  SOLICITED. 


CULTIVATE  OFTEN 

and  you  hold  the  moisture 
in  the  ground.  Cultivate 
•hallow  or  deep  as  the  crop 
needs  it  and  you  release tho 
forgotten  or  unknown  soil 
properties  which  are  needed 
to  make  t tie  crop  grow  prop¬ 
erly.  We  have  been  niakin, 
farm  tools  for  75  years  tun 
think  we  have  ns  good  a  lino 
of  Itiding  Cultivators  os  you 


need  to  chooso  from. 

1S0HAHE 


RIDING  GUms 


lire  long-lived  machines — adjustable  for  rows  28  to  50 
inches,  while  in  motion— teeth  adjustable  for  depth  and 
angle— pivot  or  fixed  wheel,  one  row  or  two— high  or  low 
wheels— work  well  on  hillsides— farm  closo 
audtrue.  A  complete  line.  Our  Anuivcr- 
sary  Catalog  will  6how  you— also,  potato 
machinery,  garden  wheel  hoes  and  drills 
etc.  Address 

PATEMAN  M'F’G  GO. 
Bent  1027 _  QRENLOCH.N.  J. 


Steel  Wheels- 

That’s  So  1  Hired  hands  are 
getting  scarcer  every  day: 
but  LOW  DOWN  STEEL 
WHEELS  will  help  to  taka 
their  place.  Then,  too,  the 
sun  don't  affect  a  steel  wheel 
'like  it  does  the  best  of  hired 
Jhelp.  More  brain  and  less 
nanscle  nowadays.  Cata¬ 
logue  free  to  you. 

HAVANA  METAL  WHEEL  GO. 

Box  17,  Havana,  111. 


DO  YOU  NEED  FARM  HELP? 

The  Jewish  Agricultural  and  Industrial  Aid 
Society  has  on  its  lists  men  wishing  to  obtain  em¬ 
ployment  upon  farms.  Most  of  them  are  without 
experience,  but  they  arc  able-bodied  and  willing 
to  work.  They  speak  little  or  no  English,  although 
many  of  them  speak  German.  If  yon  can  make 
use  of  such  help,  please  communicate  with  us, 
stating  what  you  will  pay,  whether  the  work  is 
permanent,  and  whether  you  prefer  a  single  or  a 
married  man.  We  are  a  philanthropic  organiza¬ 
tion,  whose  object  it  is  to  assist  and  encourage 
Jews  to  become  farmers.  We  charge  no  commis¬ 
sion  to  employer  or  employee.  Address 
THE  J.  A.  &  I.  A.  S..  171  Second  Avenue,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


404 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  25, 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER’S  PAPER. 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes. 

Established  1850. 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rnral  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  Street,  New  York, 

Herbert  W.  Collingwood,  President  and  Editor, 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Hoyle,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR. 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  $2.04,  equal  to 
8s.  6d.,  or  8*2  marks,  or  10 'e  francs.  Remit  in  money  order, 
express  order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  fiO  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  timi 
orders.  References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to 
us;  and  cr.sk  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

"A  SQUARE  DEAL.” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a 
responsible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any 
loss  to  paid  subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler 
advertising  in  ourcolumns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  ex¬ 
posed.  We  protect  subcribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee 
to  adjust  trifling  differences  between  subscribers  and  honest,  respon¬ 
sible  advertisers.  Neither  will  wo  be  responsible  for  the  debts  of 
honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts.  Notice  of  the  complaint 
must  be  sent  to  us  v,  itliin  one  month  of  the  time  of  the  transaction, 
and  you  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker  when 
writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

Some  of  the  Congressmen  seem  to  have  picked  up  a 
new  one.  Instead  of  “careful  consideration”  they  now 
promise  to  give  careful  study.  It  is  progress  from 
consideration  to  study,  and  an  entire  lifetime  can  be 
spent  in  studying  without  learning  a  thing ! 

* 

We  hope  every  farmer  in  New  York  will  help 
push  the  Collin  bill  through  the  Legislature.  This 
is  the  bill  printed  on  page  329.  It  has  been  amended 
so  as  to  prevent  a  commission  man  from  selling  goods 
to  his  relatives  or  partners,  and  thus  playing  a  shell 
game  on  the  shipper.  The  bill  will  help  us  in  two 
ways.  It  will  give  us  a  chance  to  know  just  what 
becomes  of  our  goods,  and  also  give  the  figures  to 
show  who  gets  the  65  cents  which  drop  out  of  the 
consumer’s  dollar  before  it  gets  to  a  farmer.  Do 
your  best  to  help  pass  this  bill.  Get  after  your  Sen¬ 
ator  in  particular. 

* 

The  tobacco  growers  in  Connecticut  have  long 
believed  that  for  their  crop  vegetable  forms  of  nitro¬ 
gen  must  be  used.  This  has  led  to  the  use  of  cotton¬ 
seed  meal  in  large  quantities.  Dr.  E.  H.  Jenkins  of 
the  Connecticut  Experiment  Station  says  that  nearly 
$120,000  worth  of  this  meal  was  used  in  the  State 
last  year.  Out  of  157  samples  63  were  found  below 
the  guarantee  in  nitrogen.  The  average  price  is  $5 
per  ton  more  than  the  previous  year,  while  the  per 
cent  of  nitrogen  was  less.  The  meal  is  largely  adulter¬ 
ated,  and  the  price  has  gone  up  until  nitrogen  in  this 
form  costs  nearly  25  cents  a  pound.  This  is  the 
limit,  and  growers  should  try  other  forms  of  nitrogen, 
like  ground  fish,  dried  blood  or  fine  sheep  manure. 
No  use  living  on  a  tradition  after  it  becomes  a  bank¬ 
rupt  Do  not  burn  money  on  the  altar  of  prejudice! 

* 

What  became  of  parcels  post  in  the  last  Congress? 
It  is  hard  to  get  at  all  the  facts,  but  the  following 
is  what  we  understand  happened:  The  postal  bill 
contained  an  appropriation  for  $50,000  to  make  an 
experiment  with  parcels  post  on  rural  routes.  This 
bill  was  held  up  until  the  last  moment,  when  it  could 
only  be  passed  by  “unanimous  consent.”  When,  a 
few  hours  before  Congress  ended,  the  postal  bill  came 
up,  Senator  Bailey  of  Texas  objected  to  this  $50,000 
appropriation.  There  was  no  time  for  any  debate — 
Senator  Bailey  had  them  in  his  power — and  the 
parcels  post  scheme  was  thrown  out.  Of  course  no 
one  except  the  gentleman  from  Texas  knows  just 
what  influences  worked  this  smart  trick.  Half  a 
dozen  things  are  mentioned — one  guess  is  as  good  as 
another.  The  one  sure  thing  is  that  Congress  will 
never  give  us  this  privilege  until  we  make  them  do  it. 
Let  us  not  be  discouraged,  but  “Up  and  at  ’em!” 

* 

It  seemed  impossible  to  arrange  the  hen  vs.  cow 
contest  on  satisfactory  terms.  We  have,  therefore, 
started  two  hen  contests.  Mr.  W.  J.  Dougan  of  New 
Jersey  has  taken  one  pen  of  10  Wyandotte  hens  and 
another  of  White  Leghorns.  They  will  be  kept  for 
one  year,  and  careful  records  will  be  made  showing 
what  they  produce  and  what  is  done  with  the  eggs. 
This  will  compare  the  two  breeds  and  show  us  just 
what  the  10  hens  will  do.  Mr.  Dougan  may  feed  and 
handle  the  hens  to  suit  himself,  and  sell  or  hatch 
the  eggs  as  he  thinks  best.  He  is  under  agreement 
not  to  sell  any  eggs  or  birds  for  breeding  stock  while 
the  test  is  on.  The  hens  are  to  be  credited  with  the 
production  of  food  value  only— either  as  eggs  or  meat. 
In  addition  to  this  Mr.  Geo.  E.  Walter,  Jr.,  of  Vir¬ 


ginia,  will  test  a  pen  of  Leghorns  for  one  year.  This 
pen  includes  “Queen  Lily”  whose  picture  and  record 
we  have  printed,  some  of  her  daughters  and  one  of 
her  sons.  These  hens  will  be  trap-nested  and  the 
suitable  eggs  used  for  hatching  breeding  stock.  Of 
course  this  is  “rank  inbreeding,”  but  we  shall  all  learn 
something  from  it  aside  from  the  earning  power  of  10 
hens  kept  for  breeding  purposes.  We  expect  to  print 
regular  reports,  which  will  be  open  for  discussion. 
Now,  if  any  of  the  cow  men  want  to  come  in  and 
keep  a  year’s  record  in  a  friendly  way,  they  are 
welcome. 

* 

We  are  on  record  as  saying  that  within  15  years 
the  exports  of  nuts  and  fruits  from  this  country  will 
equal  or  surpass  those  of  wheat.  In  1901  nut  and 
fruit  exports  reached  $8,279,213.  Last  year  this  had 
risen  to  $23,023,586.  Apples  led  with  $5,456,000  worth 
of  green  and  $1,847,000  worth  of  dried.  We  have 
hardly  begun  to  ship  apples  abroad.  On  page  405 
are  some  figures  of  the  German  trade.  The  Germans 
like  our  apples  and  want  more  of  them,  but  we  must 
learn  to  handle  and  pack  so  as  to  suit  our  customers. 
Imports  of  fruit  have  also  grown.  In  1901  we  im¬ 
ported  about  $20,000,000  worth.  Last  year  the  figures 
were  $25,800,000  for  fruits  and  $13,600,000  for  nuts. 
You  will  see  that  the  men  who  are  urging  nut  culture 
know  what  they  are  about,  for  the  demand  for  nuts 
is  spreading  every  day.  The  heaviest  imports  are 
of  bananas,  of  which  $12,433,000  were  imported  last 
year.  Some  apple  growers  are  beginning  to  get  fright¬ 
ened  over  the  great  planting  of  orchards.  With  the 
possibilities  of  foreign  trade  and  the  poor  supply  for 
American  consumers,  we  believe  it  is  merely  a  ques¬ 
tion  of  distribution,  for  the  demand  is  far  ahead  of 
supply. 

* 

What  with  champion  hens  and  cows  and  gardens 
and  potato  diggers  all  at  work  turning  out  large 
records  and  big  stories,  there  is  likely  to  be  a  riot. 
Here  is  the  exact  language  from  one  of  our  Massa¬ 
chusetts  readers : 

The  men  over  in  Michigan  are  trying  to  see  which  can 
tell  the  biggest  lie;  it  is  no  joke,  they  are  liars,  and  the 
R.  N.-Y.  should  not  print  such  “guff.”  w.  u.  Howard. 

Now,  right  in  the  same  mail,  and  as  it  happened, 
from  exactly  the  same  town,  came  the  following 
report : 

I  have  seen  accounts  at  different  times  in  different  pub¬ 
lications  about  champion  potato  diggers,  and  about  Stanley 
Garthe  digging  105  bushels  in  one  day  of  eight  hours. 
I  know  of  a  man,  Louis  Colburn,  who  lived  at  that  time 
in  Mofflttsville,  N.  Y.,  who  had  to  walk  three  miles  to 
the  farm  where  he  was  digging  potatoes  for  Dennis  Far¬ 
rell  on  Burnt  Hill,  and  surely  he  could  not  easily  walk 
that  distance  and  work  eight  hours,  especially  in  Octo¬ 
ber.  In  that  time  he  dug  135  bushels.  Another  man 
wanted  to  duplicate  that  amount  of  bushels  on  the  same 
farm,  and  I  was  the  one  who  carried  the  potatoes  in  the 
cellar;  he  dug  125  bushels  in  one  day.  louis  arnnott. 

In  addition  to  this  Mr.  W.  L.  Hannah  of  Maine 
says  he  dug  127J4  bushels  in  8J-2  hours  when  he  was 
50  years  old — and  “can  do  it  again.”  Mr.  Hannah 
had  three  men  to  witness  the  job.  As  for  these 
Michigan  champions,  the  reports  are  made  by 
reputable  men  who  offer  proof.  Let  it  be  plainly 
understood  that  The  R.  N.-Y.  has  no  $12  hens  or 
$1,000  cows  or  acres  and  we  will  not  back  one  of  our 
associates  to  dig  over  40  bushels  of  potatoes  per  day. 
We  recognize  the  fact  that  this  is  no  evidence  that 
such  things  are  impossible.  Some  of  these  champions 
might  come  this  Fall  and  dig  the  Hope  Farm  man’s 
crop  by  way  of  exercise ! 

* 

The  controversy  over  potash  prices  seems  to  have 
been  called  off  for  a  time.  The  State  Department  is 
still  negotiating  with  the  German  government,  but 
will  give  out  no  statement  of  its  plans.  The  potash 
wholesale  buyers  or  fertilizer  dealers  wanted  the 
United  States  Government  to  bring  pressure  upon 
Germany  by  enforcing  the  highest  tariff  rate  upon 
German  imported  goods.  They  reasoned  that  Ger¬ 
many  would  give  up  her  position-  on  the  export  tax 
on  potash  rather  than  go  into  a  tariff  war.  It  does 
not  seem  likely  that  President  Taft  would  go  to 
such  an  extreme  with  the  controversy  over  Canadian 
ieciprocity  on  hand.  The  popular  demand  is  for  a 
iower  tariff,  not  a  tariff  war,  and  we  have  seen  little 
evidence  that  this  Administration  is  particularly 
anxious  to  help  farmers.  We  think  our  people  should 
look  for  cheaper  potash  in  the  development  of  Ameri¬ 
can  supplies.  The  United  States  Geological  Survey 
shows  that  some  of  our  American  rocks  contain  from 
nine  to  over  16  per  cent  of  potash.  A  patent  has  already 
been  taken  out  for  making  this  potash  available  by 
grinding  and  using  a  strong  electric  current.  The 
green  sand  marls  in  New  Jersey  contain  in  some 
cases  six  per  cent  of  potash  and  nearly  three  of  phos¬ 
phoric  acid.  They  were  once  used  and  might  be  used 
again.  There  are  deposits  of  potash  in  Western 
lakes  and  deserts.  Owens  Lake  in  California  is  so 


strong  in  minerals  that  it  is  estimated  its  waters 
contain  8,000,000  tons  of  sulphate  of  potash.  Mona 
Lake,  covering  S5p2  square  miles,  has  in  its  waters 
over  10,000,000  tons  of  muriate  of  potash.  These 
supplies  indicate  that  very  likely  potash  deposits  not 
unlike  those  known  in  Germany  exist  in  parts  of  the 
country,  such  as  Michigan,  West  Virginia  and  the 
Far  West.  The  government  should  waste  no  time 
in  searching  for  these  deposits,  and  in  testing  the 
process  for  treating  rock.  Farmers  need  potash  in 
their  fertilizers,  and  it  is  a  sin  to  compel  them  to  pay 
high  tribute  for  this  necessary  plant  food  if  our  own 
country  can  supply  it. 

* 

On  page  418  Mr.  Axtell  discusses  the  test  of 
those  Guernsey  cows.  He  thinks  they  should  not  be 
expected  to  “come  back”  because : 

Y'our  suggestion  of  retesting  such  cows  is  in  my  opinion 
quite  impracticable.  These  cows  have  given  the  best  part 
of  their  lives  to  the  making  of  these  records,  and  have 
been  stimulated  beyond  further  endurance. 

We  think  Mr.  Axtell  should  hunt  up  a  stronger 
argument.  A  search  of  the  Guernsey  records  shows 
that  more  than  70  cows  have  been  reteste??  and  in 
the  majority  of  cases  they  “came  back”  and  exceeded 
their  first  trial.  On  page  418  you  will  see  what 
Jersey  cows  have  done.  Now  the  nut  of  all  this 
discussion  is,  How  did  that  nine  per  cent  of  butter 
fat  get  into  that  milk ?  If  the  cow  put  it  there,  let 
her  do  it  again.  Granting  that  she  could  not  repeat 
her  record  for  weight  of  milk,  let  her  give  some  more 
of  this  “liquid  butter”  in  an  open  test  where  no 
possible  question  could  be  raised. 

* 

One  of  the  most  sensible  statements  regarding  the 
proposed  Canadian  reciprocity  is  made  by  Henry 
Wallace  of  Iowa.  After  referring  to  the  unfair 
proposition  of  making  farm  products  free  while  manu¬ 
factured  goods  still  retain  the  tariff,  and  stating  what 
we  all  believe,  that  the  country  would  be  better  off 
with  a  fair  reduction  of  duties,  Mr.  Wallace  says: 

The  second  objection  is  that  it  is  evidently  but  the 
beginning  of  a  series  of  reciprocity  treaties  in  natural 
farm  products.  In  fact,  that  is  the  assumption  at  Wash¬ 
ington.  The  next  thing  will  be  a  treaty  with  Mexico, 
which  will  give  us  free  cattle,  free  silver  ore  and  free  lead 
ore  as  well.  The  ultimate  object  is  evidently  to  secure 
a  similar  treaty  with  Argentina.  This  would  be  deadly 
to  the  Western  farmer  for  the  reason  that  Argentina 
would  be  able  to  supply  the  entire  Gulf  and  Atlantic 
Coast  States  with  wheat,  corn  and  frozen  meat  cheaper 
than  they  could  be  furnished  by  the  farmer  in  the  Mis¬ 
sissippi  Valley.  It  is  because  this  is  the  inevitable  end 
that  we  oppose  the  reciprocity  treaty. 

That  is  what  we  fear.  The  scheme  appears  to  be 
to  “reduce  the  cost  of  living”  by  cheapening  food  if 
possible.  Then  the  argument  to  town  and  city  work¬ 
men  will  be  that  if  the  tariff  is  kept  on  manufactured 
goods,  wages  can  still  be  kept  up,  while  the  cost  of 
food  will  be  lowered.  In  all  this  scheming  we  can 
see  nothing  for  the  farmer  except  what  he  can  cut 
out  with  his  own  scythe. 


BREVITIES. 

Remember  that  the  germs  of  white  diarrhoea  are  born 
in  the  egg. 

The  way  to  “talk  back”  to  the  land  is  to  give  it  the 
argument  of  care  and  manure. 

Now  then,  you  who  want  that  “fur-coated  hen,”  tell  us 
what  objection  you  have  to  the  Iloudan. 

Concentrated  lime-sulphur  can.  be  used  after  standing 
a  year  or  more,  provided  it  stands  the  hydrometer  test. 

“Your  paper  always  receives  my  careful  consideration.” 
That  is  a  new  way  they  have  of  using  the  Congressman’s 
cry. 

That  prize  spraying  contest  for  Illinois — see  page  405,  is 
a  good  idea.  The  plan  of  a  “contest”  always  interests 
people. 

Make  a  good  bonfire  of  the  old  rubbish  which  accumu¬ 
lates  around  the  buildings.  It’s  of  no  value — only  an  eye¬ 
sore.  Burn  it  up. 

Now  we  are  asked  liow  to  break  a  cat  of  the  bird- 
eating  habit.  Can  it  be  done  without  breaking  her  neck? 

In  1908  a  severe  frost  killed  the  apples  in  Western 
Nevada,  and  this  practically  cleaned  out  the  Codling 
moth. 

She  :  “They  say  that  an  apple  a  day  will  keep  the 
doctor  away.”  He:  “Why  stop  there?  An  onion  a  day 
will  keep  everybody  away.” — Tit-Bits. 

Under  a  new  postal  rate  a  package  weighing  11  pounds 
can  be  sent  by  mail  from  any  part  of  England  to  Abys¬ 
sinia  for  $1.09.  To  mail  it  10  miles  in  this  country  would 
cost,  $1.76. 

How  many  years  can  you  safely  plant  corn  in  the 
same  ground?  If  you  use  a  cover  crop  and  fertilize  well 
you  can  keep  it  up  until  cutworms  and  corn  smut  become 
too  bad. 

It  pays  to  potter  with  vetch  seed.  In  Massachusetts 
some  growers  brush  the  plants  grown  for  seed  as  they 
would  peas.  This  gives  more  seed — easier  to  save.  The 
value  of  acclimated  seed  is  such  that  it  will  pay  to  do 
almost  anything  to  nurse*  the  first  seed  crop  along. 

There  seems  to  be  no  doubt  that  many  dairymen  in 
New  York  are. looking  for  a  new  basket  to  hold  some  of 
their  eggs.  They  will  not  try  to  depend  on  cows  alone, 
but  will  try  an  orchard,  hens  or  fruit  and  vegetables  on 
the  side.  These  are  milk  dairymen  who  see  the  consum¬ 
er’s  dollar  going  to  the  dealers. 


1911 


406 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — March  8  an  unknown  man 
touched  a  lighted  match  to  a  load  of  hay 
that  was  passing  near  the  long  row  of 
icehouses  of  the  Judkins  Ice  Company  at 
Lynn,  Mass.  The  horses  becoming  fright¬ 
ened,  ran  down  the  road  and  turned  in 
between  two  of  the  houses,  where  a  work¬ 
man  managed  to  unhitch  the  horses,  but 
not  before  the  ice  houses  were  afire  on 
either  side.  Four  of  the  ice  houses  were 
burned.  They  were  filled  with  ice,  and 
the  loss  is  estimated  at  $10,000.  At  first 
it  was  claimed  the  fire  was  incendiary,  but 
several  persons  saw  the  stranger  set  fire 
to  the  hay  as  it  was  being  driven  slowly 
along  the  road. 

Lehigh  County.  Pa.,  established  a 
“drunkards’  blacklist”  March  8,  when  each 
saloonkeeper  and  hotel  proprietor  received 
a  printed  list  of  men  who  have  been  put 
in  the  habitually  intemperate  class.  They 
were  warned  not  to  sell  liquor  to  any  of 
these  men  under  penalty  of  revocation  of 
their  licenses. 

Shelton  C.  Burr,  of  the  firm  of  Burr 
Brothers,  dealers  in  stocks  and  other  se¬ 
curities,  whose  offices  in  the  Flatiron 
Building  were  raided  by  post  office  inspec¬ 
tors  last  Fall,  was  arraigned  March  8  be¬ 
fore  Judge  llough  in  the  Criminal  Branch 
of  the  United  States  Circuit  Court  in  New 
York  to  plead  to  an  indictment  returned 
by  the  Federal  Grand  Jury  charging  the 
use  of  the  mails  to  defraud.  The  indict¬ 
ment  makes  the  same  charges  against 
Eugene  H.  Burr,  secretary ;  Charles  H. 
Tobey,  vice-president,  and  Edwin  Wesley 
Preston,  the  Western  representative  of 
Burr  Brothers.  A  plea  of  not  guilty  was 
entered  by  Shelton  C.  Burr  personally,  and 
a  formal  plea  of  not  guilty  was  made  by 
counsel  for  Eugene  H.  Burr,  who  is  absent 
from  the  city  with  permission  of  Henry 
A.  Wise,  United  States  attorney. 

The  Ohio  House  of  Representatives  March 
8  passed  the  Crosser  bill,  providing  for 
the  initiative  and  referendum  principle  in 
municipal  legislation.  Vigorous  efforts  to 
amend  it  failed.  Under  tne  measure  eight 
per  cent,  of  the  voters  can  initiate  legisla¬ 
tion.  The  Senate,  by  a  vote  of  19  to  15, 
killed  the  Oregon  plan  of  electing  United 
States  Senators. 

The  new  power  house  of  the  Hydro- 
Electric  Company  at  Jordan,  Mono  County, 
Cal.,  was  destroyed  March  8  by  a  snow- 
slide  which  wrecked  the  building,  killed 
eight  men  and  injured  several  others.  The 
slide,  which  was  caused  by  heavy  rain  on 
deep  snow,  also  swept  away  the  flumes 
and  ditches  that  brought  water  to  the 
plant.  The  plant,  which  was  not  fully 
completed,  was  to  furnish  power  to  Raw- 
hide,  Aurora  and  other  central  Nevada 
mining  camps. 

The  hamlet  of  Pleasant  Prairie,  Wis.,  50 
miles  north  of  Chicago,  was  wiped  off  tlie 
map  March  9  by  the  most  terrific  explo¬ 
sion  in  the  history  of  the  powder  industry 
in  America.  The  site  of  the  great  woras 
of  the  Laflin-Rand  Powder  Company  is 
marked  only  by  a  great  hole  in  the  ground. 
Early  estimates  of  the  dead  place  the 
loss  of  life  at  forty.  That  is  the  number 
of  men  actually  employed  in  and  about 
the  works  at  the  time  of  the  blast.  All 
along  the  lake  shore,  down  into  Chicago 
and  on  to  remote  points  in  Indiana  the 
earth  trembled,  buildings  were  thrown  out 
of  plumb  and  men  and  women  were  ter¬ 
rorized  by  the  two  distinct  shocks.  Twice 
the  earth  heaved  upward  and  twice  it  re¬ 
ceded  under  the  concussion.  As  far  west 
as  Elgin  the  force  was  such  as  to  frighten 
men  and  women.  One  woman  fell  dead 
from  the  shock  in  Elgin,  others  were  made 
hysterical  and  slight  injuries  were  reported 
everywhere  within  a  radius  of  100  miles 
of  the  disaster. 

Fire  did  nearly  $75,000  damage  in 
Englewood,  N.  .1.,  March  10,  and  cut  off 
the  telephone  service.  The  flames  gutted 
the  Bergen  Building,  occupied  in  part  by 
the  Public  Service  Corporation,  the  New 
York  Telephone  Company  and  as  living 
apartments  and  stores.  The  lire  started 
in  the  cellar. 

March  11  fire  in  the  canning  and  pack¬ 
ing  departments  of  the  Pratt  Oil  Company, 
Williamsburg,  New  York,  set  fire  to  a  pier 
and  tugboat,  causing  the  death  of  the  tug¬ 
boat  engineer.  For  a  time  it  looked  as 
though  the  big  oil  tanks  would  go  too. 
Their  contents  were  drawn  off  through  the 
pipes  leading  to  the  refineries  in  Green- 
point  and  Long  Island  City,  but  the  fire¬ 
men  kept  the  fire  from  reaching  them.  The 
pier  and  the  canning  plant  were  destroyed 
at  a  loss,  so  the  police  figured,  of  upward 
of  $100,000.  The  fire  continued  to  burn 
for  over  24  hours. 

The  corporation  tax  provisions  of  the 
Payne-Aldrich  tariff  act  were  sustained 
March  13,  as  constitutional  by  the  Su¬ 
preme  Court  of  the  United  States.  The 
decision  was  unanimous.  The  opinion  of 
the  court,  which  .was  read  by  Justice  Day, 
regarded  the  tax  as  measured  by  income 
rather  than  being  a  tax  on  income.  The 
decision  assures  the  government  of  a 
source  of  income  amounting  now  to  ap¬ 
proximately  $25,000,000  annually.  Of  all 
the  objections  to  the  tax  raised  by  suits  in 
all  parts  of  the  country,  none  was  found 
sufficient  to  nullify  the  law.  The  court 
did  hold  that  the  tax  was  not  applicable 
to  the  real  estate  “Trusts”  of  Boston^  which 
are  organized,  not  under  any  statute,  but 
under  the  common  law.  The  law  was  held 
not  applicable  to  the  Minneapolis  syndi¬ 
cate,  a  real  estate  concern,  on  the  ground 
that  it  was  not  “doing  business,”  within 
the  meaning  of  the  law. 

The  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  has 
turned  its  attention  to  the  express  com¬ 
panies.  Within  the  next  two  or  three 
weeks  it  will  announce  a  decision  with 
respect  to  the  express  business  which,  it 
is  believed,  will  be  of  as  far-reacning  im¬ 
portance  <!s  the  recent  decision  denying  the 
railroads  the  privilege  of  increasing  freight 
rates.  The  cases  soon  to  be  decided  in¬ 
volve  the  justness  of  express  rates  out  of 
Minneapolis  and  St.  Paul,  and  certain 
transcontinental  rates.  The  transcontinen¬ 
tal  rates  under  consideration  were  ques¬ 
tioned  by  commercial  bodies  on  the  Pacific 
Coast.  The  forthcoming  decision  will  be 
of  great  importance,  because  it  will  be  the 
first  reflection  of  the  views  of  the  Inter¬ 
state  Commerce  Commission  with  respect 
to  the  business  done  by  express  companies, 
and  particularly  as  to  the  rates  charged 
by  these  companies.  The  expectation  is 
that  this  decision  will  be  the  forerunner 
of  a  general  investigation  by  the  Inter¬ 
state  Commerce  Commission  of  the  ex¬ 
press  company  business  in  this  country. 
8ueh  an  inquiry  would  cover  the  relations 
that  exist  between  the  express  companies 
and  the  public.  The  legislation  of  tin;  last 
'  ongress  amending  the  interstate  commerce 
law  brought  the  express  companies  within 


the  jurisdiction  of  the  Interstate  Commerce 
Commission.  While  the  great  railroad  (uses 
were  pending,  the  commission  was  able  to 
give  the  express  company  situation  only 
cursory  attention.  Now  that  these  ratis 
cases  are  out  of  the  way,  the  commission 
is  giving  much  of  its  time  to  the  express 
company. 

Nearly  two  acres  of  stock  sheds  were 
burned  at  Fort  Worth,  Texas,  March  14, 
killing  between  500  and  1,000  head  of 
horses,  sheep,  and  hogs,  and  seriously  burn¬ 
ing  four  men.  The  value  of  the  dead  ani¬ 
mals  is  estimated  at  about  $250,000  and 
the  property  loss  $50,000.  The  buildiugs 
burned  are  :  C.  B.  Team-Horse  and  Auto¬ 
mobile  Company;  Austin  Brothers'  barn; 
Oatinan  Brothers,  horse  importers,  barn ; 

G.  A.  Crouch  &  Son,  horse  importers,  barn; 
A.  B.  Ilolbert  &  Sons,  horse  importers, 
barn ;  W.  O.  RemingeV  &  Co.,  horse  and 
mule  dealers,  barn  ;  Fort  Worth  Horse  and 
Mule  Company,  barns  ;  hog  and  sheep  sheds 
of  the  Stock  Yards  Company,  and  hog  shed 
in  the  Swift  yards. 

After  returning  37  indictments,  14  of 
which  were  for  political  offences,  the  Ver¬ 
milion  County  (Ill.)  Grand  Jury  was  dis¬ 
missed  March  14  by  Judge  Kimbrough  un¬ 
til  April  17,  the  day  preceding  the  city  elec¬ 
tion.  William  C.  Brown,  a  member  of  the 
City  Election  Commission,  was  indicted  for 
receiving  money  from  a  candidate  to  influ¬ 
ence  his  vote.  The  grand  jury  adopted 
resolutions  asking  that  a  law  be  enacted 
making  the  first  offence  for  purchasing  votes 
disfranchisement  for  five  years,  and  the 
second  disfranchisement  for  life.  The  reso¬ 
lutions  assert  that  a  most  astounding  state 
of  political  corruption  prevails  in  Ver¬ 
milion  County,  and  especially  in  Danville 
Township  ;  that  the  election  laws  have  been 
openly  and  frequently  violated,  and  that 
vast  sums  of  money  have  frequently  been 
used  in  corrupting  the  electorate.  It  is 
asserted  that,  owing  to  the  suppression  of 
evidence  and  a  well  planned  conspiracy  to 
conceal  crime  by  the  wholesale  commission 
of  perjury,  the  corrupt  politicians  have 
rendered  it  extremely  difficult  for  the  grand 
jury  to  obtain  proof  of  violations  of  the 
election  laws.  Frequently  attempts  have 
been  made  by  men  prominent  in  political 
and  business  circles  in  Danville  to  induce 
the  grand  jury  to  abandon  the  investiga¬ 
tion  of  the  election  bribery,  according  to 
the  resolutions,  the  apparent  purpose  be¬ 
ing  to  shield  men  high  in  the  public  serv¬ 
ice  from  exposure  through  indictment  of 
their  criminal  supporters. 

FARM  AND  GARDEN. — Horse  and  mule 
men  are  watching  the  military  movements 
in  Texas  with  the  closest  interest,  for  com¬ 
mercial  reasons.  Brices  are  “war  high” 
now.  and  have  been  for  three  years.  "It 
would  puzzle  the  country  to  get  mules  and 
horses  to  carry  on  a  war,”  said  one  of  the 
biggest  mule-traders  at  Kansas  City.  "The 
stock  is  not  to  be  had  at  any  price.  There 
never  has  been  a  time  when  good  stuff  was 
as  scarce  as  it  is  to-day.  We  could  not 
begin  to  outfit  the  army  with  remounts 
the  way  the  British  had  to  outfit  for  serv¬ 
ice  in  South  Africa.” 

On  warrants  sworn  out  by  Special  Agent 

H.  P.  Cassidy,  Swift  &  Co.,  the  big  meat 
packers,  and  E.  E.  Hurlburt,  manager  of 
the  butter  and  egg  department,  were  ar¬ 
rested  at  Philadelphia  March  13  on  four 
charges  of  selling  rotten  eggs  to  George 
Watkins,  a  butcher.  Swift  &  Co.  pleaded 
guilty  before  Magistrate  Beaton  and  paid 
fines  and  costs  amounting  to  $418.  A. 
Rascer,  a  wholesale  dealer,  was  also  ar¬ 
rested  and  paid  a  fine  of  $200  for  selling 
rotten  eggs  to  Julius  Stein,  a  butcher.  A 
similar  charge  was  brought  against  Stoffer 
Brothers,  and  they  were  held  under  $1,000 
each  pending  a  hearing  before  Magistrate 
Beaton. 

The  United  States  Supreme  Court,  in  an 
opinion  by  Associate  Justice  McKenna 
March  13  affirmed  the  judgment  of  the 
United  States  Circuit  Court  for  the  North¬ 
ern  District  of  Illinois  in  what  has  come 
to  be  known  as  the  Hipolite  egg  case.  The 
decision  is  a  victory  for  the  government 
and  will  strengthen  the  hand  of  the  gov¬ 
ernment  in  enforcing  the  food  and  drugs 
acts.  The  title  of  the  case  is  the  Hipolite 
Egg  Company,  claimant  of  50  cases,  more 
or  'ess,  ot  preserved  eggs,  plaintiff  in  error, 
against  the  United  States.  The  Hipolite 
firm,  which  has  its  place  of  business  in 
St.  Louis,  had  sold  the  eggs  to  a  bakery 
firm  in  Peoria,  Ill.,  but  held  them  in  stor¬ 
age  subject  to  shipping  orders  from  the 
vendee.  After  the  eggs  had  been  shipped 
to  Peoria  and  were  still  stored  in  the  orig¬ 
inal  package  the  government  seized  them 
as  adulterated,  contrary  to  law,  having  been 
preserved  by  the  addition  of  borax.  The 
Hipolite  firm  intervened.  No  contention 
was  made  that  the  product  was  not  adul¬ 
terated,  contrary  to  law,  but  the  firm  con¬ 
tended  that  the  Federal  Court  had  no  jur¬ 
isdiction  under  the  pure  food  law,  over 
goods  carried  in  interstate  commerce,  not 
intended  for  sale,  the  eggs  having  been  sold 
in  St.  Louis  and  the  title  passed  before 
they  entered  interstate  commerce,  and  that 
there  was  no  authority  to  seize  the  articles 
after  they  had  passed  out  of  interstate 
commerce.  The  eggs  were  to  be  used  as 
raw  material  in  manufacturing  and  not  for 
sale.  Justice  McKenna  held  that  the  court 
below  had  jurisdiction,  that  the  food  and 
drugs  act  was  in  the  interest  of  pure 
health  aud  made  contraband  any  products 
carried  in  interstate  commerce  that  had 
been  adulterated  in  violation  of  the  law 
and  that  the  government  could  lawfully 
pursue  and  destroy  such  goods  wherever 
found.  _ . 

Hudson  Valley  Apple  Growers. 

It  would  be  difficult  to  establish  a  gen¬ 
eral  apple  growers’  association  for  the 
Hudson  River  Valley.  The  apple  growing 
district  is  pretty  extended,  and  the  grow¬ 
ers  who  are  enthusiastic  enough  to  grow 
the  right  kind  of  fruit  are  yet  too  few. 
We  do  not  now  grow  much  fancy  box 
fruit,  and  I  would  make  haste  slowly  in 
the  matter  of  packing  in  boxes  under  the 
association  idea.  We  must  first  learn  how 
to  improve  our  barrel  pack,  and  secure 
for  it  a  better  reputation.  There  are  too 
many  individual  ideas  as  to  what  apples 
should  go  into  the  barrel.  Not  many  peo¬ 
ple  have  learned  how  to  grade  apples  cor¬ 
rectly  and  with  uniformity  of  size  and 
color.  The  association  principle  would  re¬ 
quire  rigid  enforcement  of  a  standard  and 
uniform  pack  for  the  district.  I  do  not 
see  how  that  can  be  accomplished  for  such 
a"  scattered  membership  as  we  must  neces¬ 
sarily  have.  I  do  think  it  perfectly  feas¬ 
ible  to  organize ,  local  associations  with  a 
chosen  membership,  appointing  competent 
inspectors  and  officers  to  supervise  all  its 
growing  and  packing  operations,  and  feel 
that  an  output  from  such  a  society  would 
soon  make  name  and  fame  for  itself  to  the 
great  financial  gain  of  its  members. 

Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.  w.  s.  teator. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

APPLE  TRADE  WITH  GERMANY. 


Consul  Thackara,  of  Berlin.  Germany, 
has  sent  suggestions  regarding  the  German 
trade  in  apples  and  dried  fruit.  It  ap¬ 
pears  that  while  apples  are  largely  grown 
in  Germany  the  climatic  conditions  are 
not  generally  favorable  for  high  grade 
fruit,  thus  Germany  is  a  large  importer  of 
apples,  the  demand  vaiying  of  course 
with  buying  powers  of  the  German  peo¬ 
ple.  In  1907  the  Germans  imported  187,- 
159  long  tons  of  apples,  that  is,  tons 
weighing  2,202%  pounds.  Of  this  9,229 
tons  came  from  the  United  States.  In 
1910  this  import  fell  to  122,049  tons,  with 
5,121  tons  from  this  country.  The  heaviest 
imports  were  from  Austria  and  Switzerland, 
although  Italy  sent  a  good  many.  It  is 
said  that  in  December,  1910,  poorer  grades 
of  apples  were  peddled  in  the  streets  of 
Berlin  at  from  five  to  seven  cents  a  pound. 
At  this  time  medium  crops  of  Baldwins 
and  Pippins  sold  at  eight  to  11  cents  a 
German  pound,  with  is  10  per  cent,  heavier 
than  our  own  pound.  After  Christmas 
such  varieties  as  Ben  Davis  came  upon 
the  market.  The  wholesale  prices  for  high- 
grade  American  Baldwins  ran  from  $7.85 
to  $8.35  per  barrel  last  December.  Our 
American  shippers  can  figure  from  this 
how  much  of  the  consumer's  dollar  they 
got.  It  is  said  that  the  German  peo¬ 
ple  are  fond  of  American  apples,  and 
they  would  be  glad  to  take  more  of  them. 
Much  of  the  fruit  that  goes  there  is  said 
to  be  poorly  packed  and  stove-piped  with 
poor  apples  in  the  center  of  the  barrel. 
It  appears  to  be  the  opinion  of  the  German 
buyers  that  the  box  package  is  the  package 
of  the  future,  but  that  this  fruit  must  be 
sold  for  less  than  the  Pacific  coast  fruit 
brings.  This  report  indicates  that  if  the 
barrel  fruit  now  sent  abroad  could  be 
honestly  packed  in  boxes  and  sold  for 
enough  more  above  the  barrel  price  to  pay 
for  the  packing  that  a  very  large  trade  in 
fruit  could  be  developed.  Germany  is  also 
a  heavy  buyer  of  dried  apples,  taking  in 
one  year  1,300  or  1,400  tons.  There  is 
no  doubt  but  that  a  large  trade  in  both 
fresh  and  dried  apples  can  be  secured,  in 
Germany,  provided  our  people  study  the 
market  and  suit  the  customers.  About 
six  years  ago  we  had  a  call  from  an  Aus¬ 
trian  fruit  grower  who  came  to  this  coun¬ 
try  to  investigate  apple  culture.  He  spent 
six  months  looking  through  American  or¬ 
chards,  and  on  his  way  back  told  us  that 
in  spite  of  the  heavy  plantings  here  he 
should  go  back  and  advise  his  countrymen 
to  plant  apples  heavily.  His  advice  would 
seem  to  be  justified,  since  last  year  the 
German  people  bought  over  42,000  tons  of 
fresh  apples  from  Austria.  This  man  told 
us  that  he  did  not  fear  American  im¬ 
ports,  as  we  were  not  careful  enough  to 
study  the  needs  of  the  German  people, 
either  in  varieties  or  in  methods  of  hand¬ 
ling.  The  Austrians  live  close  to  the  Ger¬ 
man  people,  knew  what  they  wanted  and 
could  supply  it.  That  seems  to  state  the 
whole  story  in  regard  to  the  apple  trade. 
It  is  not  so  much  a  question  of  production 
as  of  knowing  just  what  Europe  wants  and 
then  supplying  their  wants. 


The  Canadian  Wheat  Crop. 

Can  you  give  the  statistics  showing  how 
much  wheat  is  grown  in  Canada  and  how 
much  consumed  by  the  Canadian  people? 

J.  L.  B. 

The  amount  of  wheat  produced  in  Can¬ 
ada  in  1910  was  149,989,600  bushels.  In 
1909  the  production  of  wheat  was  166,744,- 
000  bushels.  The  quantity  of  wheat  and 
wheat  flour  imported  into  and  exported 
from  Canada  in  the  fiscal  year  ended  March 
31,  1910,  was  as  follows : 

Bushels. 

Imports  of  wheat  (home  consump¬ 
tion)  .  55,270 

Imports  of  wheat  flour  (home 

consumption)  .  144,182 

Total  .  199,452 

Exports  of  wheat  (domestic) ....  49,741,350 
Exports  of  wheat  flour  (domestic)  14,061.795 

Total  . 63,803,145 

The  flour  has  been  computed  at  four 
bushels  and  35  pounds  of  grain  to  the  bar¬ 
rel.  I  am  unable  to  give  you  the  con¬ 
sumption  of  wheat  in  Canada,  but  you 
may  make  a  rough  estimate  yourself  for 
the  year  1909,  from  the  figures  I  have 
given  you.  No  estimate  of  consumption 

can  be  made  for  1910,  as  the  fiscal  year 
1911  does  not  end  until  the  31st  of  this 
month,  and  the  figures  of  export  and  im¬ 
port  are  therefore  not  yet  complete.  Infor¬ 
mation  gathered  two  years  ago  from  a 

large  number  of  correspondents  in  Mani- 
itoba,  Saskatchewan  and  Alberta  shows  that 
the  average  consumption  of  wheat  flour 

in  those  provinces  was  5.80  bushels  per 
head  of  the  population  in  a  year,  and  of 
oatmeal  1.80  bushels. 

Canadian  Census  Office.  a.  blue. 

_ __  Chief  Officer. 

Vermont  or  Maryland. 

On  page  233  we  find  inquiry  as  to  mer¬ 
its  of  Vermont  or  Maryland,  with  state¬ 
ment  that  there  are  farms  on  the  eastern 
shore  of  Maryland  that  can  be  bought  for 
$8  an  acre.  Well,  the  writer  has  been 
here  19  years ;  he  could  not  find  that  cheap 
farming  land  less  than  four  or  six  times 
$8 ;  now  you  can  add  an  0  behind  this 
$8,  and  would  not  get  the  writer’s  farm, 
for  all  that  he  is  nine  miles  from  the  city. 
Other  places  situated  close  to  city  and 
other  farms  close  to  water  fronts,  would 
come  to  two  and  three  times  $80.  The 
writer  says  the  buildings  are  not  much.  He 
must  have  been  here  25  or  80  years  ago, 
and  then  looked  on  the  negro  shanties.  The 
tide  has  changed  considerably  the  last  10 
years ;  since  the  people  come  in  here  from 
the  North  and  West.  Most  have  plenty  of 
money ;  so  buildings  are  replaced ;  ‘city 
people  come  here  aud  buy  the  water  front 
farms  for  Summer  resorts.  The  Vermont 
friend  should  come  here  now ;  he  would 
open  his  eyes  if  he  could  see  the  change. 
The  answer  is  about  right ;  some  came 
here  and  soou  got  dissatisfied  while  they 
could  not  see  the  chimney  smoke  from  the 
old  home.  >  They  admit  that  they  could 
do  better  here.  Mostly  it  is  the  wife’s 
fault ;  but  if  you  have  friends  and  neigh¬ 
bors  where  you  are  you  will  have  them 
here  also.  Some  of  the  people  think  this 
is  the  garden  spot  of  the  world.  A  good 
many  things  can  be  raised  here  that  can¬ 
not  be  raised  at  other  places.  m.  w.  k. 

Cordova,  Md. 


APPLES  FOR  SOUTHWEST  IOWA. 

I  note  inquiry  of  II.  It.  M.,  Belle  I’laine, 
Iowa.  As  not  a  few  of  us  have  gone 
through  the  partial  life  history  of  an  or¬ 
chard  here  in  Iowa  and  been  using  the 
ideas  inquired  about,  I  volunteer  some  re- 

TYi  O  Y"l.-  C?  O  C*  (-A  Art  Art  .a  /,  /.L.  1 1  « w  r . .  ..  6  1  1 


luaiKUUUg  JU'cU  LUG*  llUjUircr, 

I  would  advise  him  not  to  use  Duchess, 
but  Wealthy  exclusively  as  a  filler.  Wealthy 
is  not  so  perishable,  and  as  regular  and 
sure  a  cropper,  and  is  an  apple  that  we 
have  been  able  to  hold  in  cold  storage  until 
January  12.  After  picking  Duchess  there 
must  be  quick  work  even  to  get  to  stor¬ 
age,  and  then  three  to  five  weeks  is  the 
limit ;  the  loss  is  heavy  while  shipping, 
unless  everything  is  very  favorable.  The 
Eastman  is  practically  an  unknown  apple 
in  Iowa  horticulture,  and  you  would  have 

to  work  up  a  market  aud  reputation.  Fa- 

meuse  is  practically  a  Fall  apple,  and  there 

is  yearly  immense  waste  of  Fall  fruit,  as 
it  is  unsalable,  and  not  really  as  good 
as  some  of  the  Winter  list.  Next  to  Wealthy 
Gano  has  been  the  best  paying  apple ;  it 
is  nearly  as  bright  as  Jonathan,  and  not 
so  dark  as  Black  Ben  Davis,  so  color 

gets  muddy,  blurred  black  while  in  storage 
and  confinement  awaiting  marketing.  Next 
two  sorts  we  find  are  Jonathan  and  Rawl's 
Janet.  Janet  is  nearly  as  hardy  in 
this  section  (and  think  it  is  so  in 
Belle  Plaine  soil)  as  Wealthy.  Its 
value  is  in  that  it  blooms  two  weeks 
later  than  general  list  of  apples ;  it 
is  a  late  Winter  sort.  But  when  freeze- 
outs  occur  that  knock  bloom  of  all  standard 
apples,  its  being  so  late  a  bloomer  it  is 
nearly  sure  to  crop  an  “off  year.”  1  hit 
such  a  crop  three  years  ago,  and  the  Ar¬ 
mour  Company  came  here  and  paid  me 
$2.70  per  barrel  for  all  crop,  culls,  sec¬ 
onds  and  firsts,  took  everything  but  wet 
rots.  One-third  of  my  planting  made  17 
years  ago  is  this  kind,  and  I  am  well 
satisfied  with  them.  It  is  said  the  ap¬ 
ple  is  too  small ;  this  can  bo  overcome  by 
stimulation,  fertilizing  and  thinning  by 
pruning  small  branches  from  limbs. 

As  to  Gano  and  Jonathan,  these  I  know 
would  not  be  strictly  hardy  in  this  loca¬ 
tion,  but  here  I  overcome  this  by  setting 
three-year  trees  of  the  variety  called  Haas 
or  Gros  Pomier,  and  second  year  after  plann¬ 
ing  the  Haas  we  top-grafted  the  limbs  with 
Jonathan  and  Gano,  and  find  that  this 
arrangement  makes  trees  good  here  for  60 
years,  as  this  lias  been  tested  over  40 
years  in  an  adjoining  county  ;  we  found  it 
safe  and  profitable.  The  Jonathan  has 
the  highest  selling  value  of  any  apple  in 
western  markets  in  fancy  list,  Gano  in 
standard  cooking  list.  Grimes  Golden  has 
next  highest  selling  value  in  fancy  list. 
This  can  be  safely  planted  in  his  orchard 
if  he  plants  Fluke’s  Virginia  crab  or  Hi¬ 
bernal  apple  as  a  stock  and  then  tops  them 
with  Grimes  Golden.  This  is  no  experi¬ 
ment.  and  sure  combination,  and  in  fact 
on  these  two  stocks,  you  can  graft  most 
of  the  list  of  standard  Winter  apples,  and 
they  are  a  _  success  so  top-worked.  But 
on  your  soil  the  entire  Winesap  family 
of  apples  and  all  seedlings  of  it,  as  Stay- 
man,  Senator,  Arkansas  Black,  Mammoth 
Black  Twig,  want  to  be  avoided,  unless  it 
might  be  possibly  Stayman. 

As  to  planting  in  sod  I  would  not  do 
it;  it  will  never  pay.  Plow  your  ground, 
disk  it  half  a  dozen  times,  plant  trees  and 
sow  corn  five  or  six  years ;  then  clover 
until  bearing,  and  when  bearing  begins  in 
earnest  to  draw  on  vitality  of  trees  put  a 
good  span  of  draft  brood  mares  on  to  a 
spreader  and  town  manure  in  the  orchard 
in  Winter  and  in  Summer  raise  good  colts ; 
spray  and  disk  that  orchard  and  keep  it 
up.  If  you  see  growth  is  too  stroug  on 
trees  and  it  is  at  expense  of  fruit  bud 
formation  check  culture  by  seeding  to  clover 
and  make  a  hog  run  on  the  orchard,  not 
over  three  pigs  to  acre,  keeping  them  sleep¬ 
ing  and  eating  outside  to  tramp  the  ground 
temporarily  and  eat  dropping  imperfect 
fruits,  take  up  pests  and  vermin,  and  never 
over-pasture  or  stock  it  with  pigs  nor  any 
stock,  but  make  it  a  grazing  ground  for 
them  in  early  Summer  and  Spring  ■  shut 
them  out  as  they  get  near  market  size’.  One 
of  the  best  orchards  as  a  model  and  study 
is  that  of  C.  II.  Deur,  Missouri  Valley,  Iowa, 
of  70  acres,  and  I  advise  the  inquirer  at 
Belle  Plaine  to  look  this  over  carefully,  as 
it  is  in  its  prime,  and  this  year  wili  pos¬ 
sibly  bear  ono  of  the  best  crops  in  its 
history  WM.  bomberoer. 

Shelby  Co.,  Iowa. 

Phizes  for  Orchards. — The  Illinois  State 
Horticultural  Society  offers  $175  in  prizes 
for  the  best  work  in  spraying  an  orchard. 
1  he  orchard  must  contain  not  less  than 
2()  acres  all  in  one  block.  We  assume  that 
the  owner  may  handle  the  trees  as  he 
pleases.  The  following  “score  card”  will 
be  used  in  judging: 

Scab . 

Other  fungus  diseases  of  foliage 

and  fruit .  0 

Ourculio  . ....15  « 

Codling  moth . ..!!!!!!  .20  “ 

Other  insect  injury  to  foliage  and 

fruit  . 

Freedom  from  spray  injury . 15 

Size  and  color  of  foliage. ..... .10 

Size  and  color  of  fruit .  10 

^The  secretary  is  W.  B.  Lloyd,  Kinmundy, 

We  are  having  mild  weather,  snow  all 
£o,ne>  A  some  thunder  showers  already. 
\\  heat  and  grass  fields  damaged  on  low 
grounds.  Lots  of  public  sales.  Horses,  cat¬ 
tle  and  hogs  high  in  price.  Wheat  80 

ter t  ”l>  C01  D’  45  ’  °ats’  ’  eggs’  1  c  5  but- 

Snyder  Co.,  Central  Penna. 

Weather  too  warm  for  the  time  of  year, 
Vouna  dry :  unless  heavy  rains  come  we 
shall  enter  the  growing  season  with  a  short¬ 
age  ot  moisture.  Wheat  not  in  good  condi¬ 
tion  ;  some  breaking  done;  many  farms 
changing  hands,  and  many  becoming  tenant 
farms  because  of  this ;  898  deeds  recorded 
last  year — stock  sales  very  numerous ;  at 
one  held  March  8  over  $3,000  was  real¬ 
ized  from  the  sale  of  dairy  stock  cows 
ranging  from  $75  to  $102  per  head.  We  do 
not  see  where  the  buyers  can  realize  on  such 
prices  Cannery  business  engaging  attention 
now;  land  rents  run  from  $7  to  $10  per 
acre.  cash.  They  rent  about  800  acres  for 
their  own  growing.  Shortage  last  year  of 
all  canning  products  will  cause  big  demand 
this  year.  Stock,  all  kinds,  high  ;  hogs  at  a 
premium,  especially  brood  sows.  Sheep 
more  numerous  than  any  other  animals  • 
poultry  business  is  assuming  big  proportions’ 

Carroll  Co.,  Ind.  j.  n.  H. 


,20 

points 

5 

44 

15 

(4 

20 

tl 

44 

15 

44 

10 

44 

10 

44 

406 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  25, 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

TRIFLES. 

The  griefs  that  fall  to  every  share, 

The  heavier  sorrows  that  life  brings, 

The  heart  can  nerve  itself  to  bear — 
Great  sorrows  are  half  holy  things. 

But  for  the  ills  each  hour  must  make, 

The  cares  with  every  day  renewed — 

It  seems  scarce  worth  the  while  to  take 
Such  little  things  with  fortitude. 

And  he,  before  whose  weakened  might 
The  strongest  enemies  must  fall, 

Is  overcome  by  foes  so  slight, 

He  scorns  to  hold  them  foes  at  all. 

— Author  Unknown. 

* 

Embroidery  on  chiffon  and  other 
transparent  materials  is  much  used  now 
and  is  not  as  difficult  as  it  appears  to  a 
novice.  The  pattern  is  transferred  to 
manila  paper,  and  the  material  basted 
flat  and  smooth  over  this.  The  em¬ 
broidery  is  then  worked  through  both 
material  and  foundation,  the  paper  being 
torn  off  afterwards.  The  same  process 

is  used  for  braiding  on  net. 

* 

Celery  sandwiches  at  an  afternoon  tea 
were  made  by  rolling  a  thin  slice  of 
buttered  sandwich  bread  around  a'  stick 
of  celery  about  three  inches  long,  the 
celery  being  seasoned  with  mayonnaise. 
The  little  rolls  are  held  in  place  when 
first  made  by  wrapping  in  paraffin  paper ; 
tiffin  when  served  half  a  dozen  or  more 
are  tied  in  a  little  bundle  with  baby 
ribbon,  thus  preventing  unrolling,  but 
the  sandwich  bread  usually  keeps  in 

place  if  rolled  while  quite  new. 

* 

Still  another  Alfalfa  story  is  that  an 
Alfalfa  diet  is  as  fattening  to  humans 
as  to  cattle,  a'  South  Dakota  man  finding 
that  Alfalfa  ex.,',  act  brewed  from  se¬ 
lected  leaves,  added  to  his  ordinary  diet, 
caused  a  gain  of  IOJ/2  pounds  in  two 
weeks.  He  thinks  this  should  solve  the 
high  cost  of  living  unless  the  price  of 
hay  should  be  inflated  through  increased 
demand.  Unfortunately  for  this  theory, 
gain  in  weight  is  not  regarded  kindly 
by  women  at  least,  as  all  our  prevailing- 
fashions  are  planned  for  slim  and  youth¬ 
ful  figures ;  a  great  many  women  of 
leisure  spend  much  of  their  time  in  try¬ 
ing  to  keep  their  weight  down,  and  a 
diet  which  would  increase  flesh  at  the 
rate  of  10J4  pounds  in  two  weeks  would 
be  viewed  with  horror.  There  are  plenty 
of  uses  for  Alfalfa  which  seem  more 

practical  than  fattening  humans. 

* 

The  New  York  police  recently  ar¬ 
rested  a  particularly  mean  swindler.  His 
method  is  to  watch  the  papers  for  death 
notices,  and  then  express  C.  O.  D.  a 
package  addressed  to  some  person  re¬ 
cently  deceased.  Relatives  or  friends  as¬ 
sume  that  the  package  is  something  or¬ 
dered  by  the  departed  and  pay  the 
charges,  to  find  that  they  have  paid  sev¬ 
eral  dollars  for  a  cheap  piece  of  imita¬ 
tion  jewelry,  or  something  equally  worth¬ 
less.  The  man  arrested,  who  said  he  was 
from  York,  Pa.,  made  the  mistake  of 
sending  such  a  package  to  the  address  of 
a  Brooklyn  woman,  who  had  died  at 
the  age  of  90,  after  being  bedridden  for 
several  years.  Her  family  realized  that 
this  C.  O.  D.  package  was  a  fraud,  and 
set  the  police  on  the  track.  It  would  be 
hard  to  find  a  more  callous  and  brutal 
swindler  than  the  one  who  thus  finds  his 
opportunity  in  grief  and  bereavement. 
In  any  case  it  is  wise  to  look  coldly  on 

a  C.  O.  D.  package  of  unknown  origin. 

* 

After  a  year’s  investigation  of  the 
industrial  conditions  in  and  about  New 
York  City,  Mrs.  Oliver  H.  P.  Belmont 
has  reached  the  conclusion  that  there  is 
an  oversupply  of  women  factory  workers 
and  that  the  best  relief  is  to  persuade 
girls  to  take  up  farming  as  an  occupa¬ 
tion.  With  this  end  in  view  she  has  set 
aside  about  200  acres  of  her  land  at 
Brookholt, :  Hempstead,  L.  I.,  for  a 
school  of  agriculture  for  women.  An 
experienced  woman  farmer  has  been  en¬ 


gaged  to  instruct  the  pupils  in  practical 
farming,  and  there  will  not  be  a  man 
about  the  place  except  a  boy  or  two  to 
do  the  chores  for  the  first  few  weeks. 
Young  women  16  years  of  age  and  over 
desiring  seriously  to  avail  themselves  of 
the  opportunity  to  become  experienced 
gardeners  and  farmers  may  apply  in 
writing  to  the  Political  Equality  Asso¬ 
ciation,  505  Fifth  avenue,  for  admission 
to  the  school.  This  brings  to  mind  the 
work  of  the  women’s  horticultural  col¬ 
lege  in  England,  which  was  originated 
by  the  Countess  of  Warwick,  though  this 
was  intended  especially  for  women  of 
education  with  small  means,  who  would 
have  sufficient  capital  to  start  some  form 
of  intensive  culture  as  a  means  of  liveli¬ 
hood.  Women  receive  training  as  gar¬ 
deners  at  the  Kew  Royal  Botanic 
Garden,  and  advertisements  of  “lady 
gardeners”  are  not  uncommon  in  English 
horticultural  papers. 

A  Group  of  Young  Gardeners. 

The  boys  and  girls  shown  in  Fig.  136 
appear,  at  first  sight,  like  any  other 
happy  young  people  engaged  in  making 
things  grow.  As  you  look  closer,  how¬ 
ever,  you  notice  the  crutches  and  see 
that  these  young  gardeners  are  handi¬ 
capped  in  some  manner  as  compared 
with  the  average  child.  They  are  all 
patients  at  the  New  York  Hospital 


the  wards  have  their  slight  ailments,  the 
ordinary  ailments  incident  to  childhood, 
the  occupants  of  the  shacks  almost  without 
exception,  escape.  The  improvement  in  the 
city  child,  especially,  who  comes  to  us  pale, 
anaemic,  and  languishing,  under  the  burden 
of  its  tuberculous  spine  or  hip  or  knee,  is 
wonderful.  Our  proposed  new  hospital  is 
planned  to  give  the  patients,  all  of  them, 
outdoor  treatment  and  life,  whether  they 
are  confined  to  bed  with  tuberculosis  of  the 
joints  or  whether  they  come  to  us  for  the 
operative  and  mechanical  treatment  of  such 
non-inflammatory  conditions,  as  club  foot, 
bow  legs,  knock  knees,  etc. 

Lacking  the  proper  quarters  and  means 
to  carry  out  any  formal  effort  at  manual 
training,  we  have  made  the  present  school 
system  as  thorough  as  the  medical  care  and 
treatment  of  the  patients  permit.  Classified 
instruction  for  the  whole  group  is  impossi¬ 
ble.  Some  patients  enter  the  hospital 
scarcely  able  to  read  ;  others  are  imperfect 
in  many  fundamental  particulars.  After 
these  patients  have  been  with  us  for  a 
period  of  six  months  or  so,  they  are,  if 
physically  able,  classified  and  brought  under 
systematic  training.  There  is  much  mis¬ 
sionary  effort  in  this  class  of  work.  Our 
shack  patients  cannot  attend  school.  They 
can  only  be  taught  very  moderately  and 
under  prescribed  conditions  as  to  hours  and 
effort.  But  those  who  are  convalescent 
and  who  have  been  able  to  attend  school 
regularly  have  made  rapid  progress. 

More  About  Popovers. 

I  would  advise  A.  E.  F.,  who  on  page 
.170  asked  for  a  remedy  for  moist  pop¬ 
overs,  to  let  them  stand  in  the  oven  with 
the  oven  door  half  open  for  20  minutes; 
then  bake  quickly  by  closing  the  door 


YOUNG  GARDENERS  WITH  A  HANDICAP.  Fig.  136, 


for  the  Care  of  Crippled  and  Deformed 
Children,  in  Rockland  County,  N.  Y. 
This  institution  is  for  patients  in  this 
State  only  who  are  unable  to  pay  for 
proper  medical  treatment.  It  has  been 
in  existence  10  years,  beginning  with  25 
beds;  last  year  it  treated  80  patients  and 
many  other  applicants  were  unable  to 
secure  treatment,  because  the  hospital 
could  not  care  for  them.  We  think 
there  is  no  other  State  institution  more 


and  giving  them  all  the  heat  they  can 
get.  I  am  sure  this  will  remedy  the 
trouble.  Why  hot  gem  pans?  f.  a.  f. 

The  young  man  who  went  West  did 
well,  but  the  young  man  who  had  the 
Western  spirit  and  stayed  at  home  did 
equally  well.  To  evoke  ,a  spark  of  fire 
out  of  a  flint  with  a  bit  of  steel  is  the  ' 
same  thing  as  evoking  beautiful  thoughts  | 
from  homely  facts.  How  hard  it  is  for  ' 
us  to  see  the  heroic  in  an  act  of  our 
neighbor !— John  Burroughs. 


When  you  write  advertisers  meucion  Thb 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  20. 


ASK  FOP. 


your 

is  “worth 

I  7 


Be  sure 
I  material 
[making  up 

Simpson-Eddystone 

Fast  Hazel  Brown  Prints 

are  the  brown  cotton  dress- 
goods  with  cloth  of  supe¬ 
rior  quality. 

The  experience  of  65 
years  enables  us  to  make 
this  calico  in  the  most  beau- 
Utiful  shade  of  brown  abso¬ 
lutely  unmoved  by  soap, 
light,  or  perspiration.  New 
designs  in  artistic  effects. 

Show  this  advertisement  to 
your  dealer  when  you  order,  and 
don’t  accept  substitutes.  If  not 
in  your  dealer’s  stock  write  us 
his  name  and  address.  We’ll 
help  him  supply  you. 

The  Eddystone  Mfg.  Co.,  Phils. 

FoundedJ84^^^t^imgsonSr 


Write  for 
FREE 
Style  Book 

B  "•= 


Save $8 

Suit  or 
Overcoat 
Direct 
from  Mill 

$10  to 

$18 

(Made-to-Order) 

Worth 

$18  to  $30 


You  can  wear  clothes  as  stylish  as  can  be 
bought  on  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York,  and  pay 
for  them  at  living  prices,  because  we  save  you 
the  middleman’s  profit.  Our  suits  and  coats 
are  of  fine  material,  and  are  handsomely 
tailored. 

We  pay  express  charges  East  of  Mississippi 
and  make  allowances  West  of  it. 

Our  book  offers  a  wide  variety  of  patterns 
from  which  to  choose.  A  post-card  request 
brings  it  to  you. 

GLEN  ROCK  WOOLEN  CO. 


203  Main  Street  Somerville,  N.  J. 


Direct  fromFactory,  Freight  Prepaid 
and  Guaranteed  by  the  Manufacturer 

You  can  buy  a  Gold  Coin  Stove  from  us  #5  to 
#20  less  than  dealer’s 
prices.  We  pay  freight; 
safe  delivery  insured, 
polished  and  all  ready 
to  set  up. 

“Satisfaction  or  your 
money  back  any  time 
within  1  year” 
is  our  written 
guaranty. 

Free  Catalog 
— I  llustrates 
all  our  Stoves. 
Gives  Price 
List  and  tells  our 
Plan  and  Offer. 
Send  for  it. 

Gold  Coin  Stove  Co. 

3  Oak  St.  Troy,  N.  Y. 


deserving  of  generous  provision  than 
this.  Not  only  does  suffering  childhood 
itself  make  the  strongest  appeal  to  our 
sympathies,  but  this  care  given  to  the 
child  will  make  a  self-respecting  citizen 
of  one  who  might  otherwise  grow  into  a 
crippled  dependent  of  the  State  in  later 
years. 

Many  of  the  children  received  here 
have  tubercular  disease ;  others  some  de¬ 
formity  such  as  club  feet,  bow  legs, 
knock  knees,  etc.  Surgical  treatment  is 
given  for  the  deformities,  and  fresh  air 
is  the  great  feature  in  the  care  of  the 
tuberculosis  patients,  and  indeed  all  of 
them.  Says  the  annual  report  for  1910 : 

The  outdoor  shacks  are  a  permanent  fea¬ 
ture  of  the  hospital.  All  those  who  see 
these  little  ones  in  their  happy  outdoor 
environment  are  struck  by  the  appearance 
of  health  which  they  present.  It  is  diffi¬ 
cult  to  imagine  that  the  occupants  of  these 
outdoor  pavilions  have  tuberculous  disease. 
During  the  months  they  stay  there  the  tu¬ 
berculous  disease  is  essentially  modified  or 
eliminated.  No  night  is  too  cold,  and  no 
day  is  too  stormy,  to  bring  these  children 
into  the  wards,  and  while  the  occupants  of 


You  Can  Work  Outdoors  in  the 

Wettest  Weather 

Wear  “Ball-Band”  Rubber  Boots  and  you  can  work  outdoors  all 
day  in  snow  and  slush  without  wetting  your  feet  or  injuring  your  health. 
For  many  years  we  have  been  using  every  effort  to  produce  under 
the  RED  “Ball-Band”  trade-mark  the  very  best  boot  that  we  could.  We 
have  sacrificed  profit  right  and  left  in  order  to  put  into  each  pair  tho 
highest  quality  of  material  and  workmanship. 

That  is  why  8,000,000  people  insist  on  the  RED  “Ball-Band”  trade-mark. 


Your  neighbor  will  tell  you  that  they  last  longer,  are  more  comfortable 
and  give  better  satisfaction  than  any  other  rubber  footwear  made. 
“Ball-Band”  boots  are  giving  good  service  when  ordinary  boots  are 
worn  out.  Ask  one  of  our  45,000  dealers  to  show  you  a  pair.  But  be 
sure  the  RED  “Ball-Band”  trade-mark  is  on  it. 

If  he  can’t  supply  you,  write  us,  mentioning  his  name. 

MISHAWAKA  WOOLEN  MFG.  CO. 

MISHAWAKA,  INDIANA 
"The  House  that  Pays  Millions  for  Quality * 


1911. 


407- 


Keeping  Goose  Grease. 

I  think  if  your  correspondent  who 
wishes  to  keep  goose  fat  from  getting 
rancid  will  be  careful  to  see  that  all 
water  and  moisture  is  tried  out  of  the 
fat,  it  will  keep  a  long  time  in  a  cool 
place.  I  lost  quite  a  lot  of  lard  one 
year;  it  all  became  moldy.  An  old 
housekeeper  told  me  always  to  try  out 
the  fat  until  the  cracklings  were  a  deep 
brown  (not  burnt)  and  settled  to  the 
bottom  of  the  kettle  and  my  lard  would 
not  mold.  When  my  children  were 
young  I  always  kept  goose  grease  to 
ward  off  colds.  When  night  came  I 
greased  their  throats,  chests,  noses  and 
bottom  of  feet,  rubbing  in  until  the  skin 
absorbs  much  of  the  oil  and  usually  the 
cold  will  be  gone  in  the  morning. 

MRS.'  J.  C.  P. 

Those  Shoe  Numbers. 

I  am  interested  in  the  letter  of  Mrs. 
J.  C.  regarding  the  mystifying  numbers 
in  shoes,  page  245.  A  retailer  tells  me 
that  that  is  the  exact  purpose  of  them, 
to  conceal  the  real  number,  and  this  is 
done  to  help  the  retailer.  For  example  a 
lady  comes  in  and  wants  a  No.  2  shoe. 
The  dealer  sees  at  a  glance  that  she 
wears  a  No.  4,  but  if  he  should  tell  her 
so  she  would  at  once  go  elsewhere  to 
trade.  If  he  fits  her  and  *she,  after 
getting  home,  finds  out  that  he  has  sold  a 
larger  pair  than  the  number  she  called 
for,  the  result  would  be  the  same.  With 
the  present  mystifying  assortment  of 
digits  in  a  shoe  the  dealer  knows  the 
number,  the  customer  buys  the  shoes  and 
gets  some  that  fit  and  goes  home  satis¬ 
fied  with  the  fiction  that  she  (rarely  he) 
is  wearing  a  shoe  several  sizes  smaller 
than  the  real  thing.  The  customer  is 
saved  innumerable  corns  and  incidentally 
a  hurting  of  the  pride,  and  the  dealer  is 
saved  a  customer.  If  Mrs.  J.  C.  orders 
by  number  she  may  be  assured  that  the 
dealer  will  know  what  she  wants,  and 
she  ought  to  know  whether  the  shoes  fit 
or  not  even  if  she  is  not  sure  of  the 
number.  If  she  has  trouble  in  getting 
fitted,  the  exact  size  of  the  feet,  length, 
width,  height  of  instep,  etc.,  would  prob¬ 
ably  insure  well-fitting  shoes,  w.  h.  h. 


To  Keep  Ham  for  Summer  Use. 

Slice  rather  thick,  one-half  or  three- 
quarters  -of  an  inch,  and  fry  as  for  the 
table.  We  save  the  ham  fat  as  we  fry 
in  the  Winter  until  we  pack,  which  we 
usually  do  the  last  of  February  or 
March.  Use  clean  crocks  which  have 
been  well  scalded  and  wiped  dry.  Do 
not  use  pickle  crocks  or  ones  that  have 
had  poor  butter  in.  Heat  the  left-over 
ham  fat  and  cover  well  the  bottom  of 
the  crock.  When  the  ham  is  fried  as 
for  the  table,  place  a  layer  in  the  crock 
and  cover  with  a  plate  and  place  a  flat¬ 
iron  or  weight  on  the  plate  to  press  the 
meat  down  into  the  fat.  As  the  meat  is 
cooked  place  alternate  layers  of  meat 
and  fat  with  the  plate  and  weight  on 
top  until  the  jar  is  almost  full.  Cover 
well  with  a  half-inch  or  more  of  fat, 
using  Jard  if  there  is  no*  ham  fat 
enough.  Allow  to  cool  with  weight  on 
top.  When  cold  remove  weight  and 
cover  with  paraffin  paper.  Cover  crock 
with  heavy  brown  paper,  well  tied  down. 
Keep  in  a  cool,  dry  place.  The  water 
must  be  all  cooked  out  of  the  meat  and 
fat  or  it  will  not  keep  well.  When 
wanted  for  use,  take  out  and  heat  through. 
Long  heating  will  make  it  dry  and  hard. 
Keep  the  meat  always  well  covered  with 
the  fat  in  the  crock  and  do  not  let  the 
crock  remain  long  in  a  hot  kitchen.  The 
fat  left  when  all  the  ham  is  gone  can  be 
used  to  warm  potatoes  or  if  cleansed 
for  frying  purposes.  I  use  two  or  three 
spiders  for  the  frying,  keeping  the  fat 
in  one,  and  cook  the  fat  until  no  small 
air  bubbles  can  be  seen  rising  to  the  top. 
These  show  the  presence  of  water  in 
fat.  We  put  down  sausage  in  the  same 
way,  making  the  sausage  into  cakes  an 
inch  or  more  thick  and  three  or  four 
inches  in  circumference.  Ours  kept  until 
used  up,  about  September  1.  A  neigh¬ 
bor  keeps  hers  the  year  round  in  this 
way-  MRS.  j.  c.  p. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Lawn  Furniture  and  City  Boarders. 

Cousin  Ellen  writes,  “I  want  you  to 
have  some  rustic  furniture,  such  as  I 
saw  in  the  White  Mountains  last  Sum¬ 
mer.  Lyman  can  make  it  with  what 
tools  you  have  about  the  place,  and  it 
would  be  so  artistic  on  your  porch,  or, 
if  you  didn’t  think  it  fine  enough  for 
that,  out  under  your  big  maple,  or  what¬ 
ever  your  great  dooryard  tree  is.  I  tried 
to  get  some  one  to  photograph  things  for 
for  me,  but  not  a  snapshot  could  I  cap¬ 
ture,  so  I  sat  down  and  tried  to  make 
some  sort  of  scrawl  that  would  show 
how  the  sticks  were  arranged.  My  draw¬ 
ing  will  make  you  smile,  but  I  know 
Lyman  can  make  out  what  I  tried  to 
show. 

“The  chairs  and  stand  had  seats  or 
top  of  two-inch  plank  stained  dull  green. 
Holes  were  bored  through  and  the  legs 
driven  in.  The  rest  of  the  material  was 
white  birch  with  the  bark  on.  Gray 
birch  is  nearly  as  pretty  and  more  dura¬ 
ble,  they  tell  me.  There  was  no  mor¬ 
tising,  the  pieces  being  just  nailed  to¬ 
gether.  You  would  be  surprised  to  see 
how  easy  the  chairs  were.  Their  seats 
were  lower  than  those  of  dining  room 
chairs,  and  the  backs  came  up  well  above 
the  head  of  the  person  seated  in  them. 
The  upper  crosspiece  of  the  back  was 
above  shoulder  height  and  the  lower  one 
came  a  trifle  above  the  belt,  or  at  about 
wa _ line -when  I  sat  down  in  one.  Of 


course,  holes  for  the  back  legs  had  to 
be  bored  on  a  slant,  and  I  think  there 
was  a  little  mortising  done  where  the 
tallest  pieces  crossed  in  the  center  of  the 
back  to  let  them  fit  into  each  other 
somewhat,  and  so  allow  the  cross  pieces 
to  go  flatly  across.  My  drawing,  poor  as 
it  is  (Fig.  137)  will  show  how  the  legs 
were  braced  by  cross-bars.  But  you 
won’t  guess  how  pretty  and  how  com¬ 
fortable  these  birch  chairs  are  till  you 
see  one  and  sit  in  it. 

“Anyone  could  make  a  stand  with  a 
few  directions.  There  was  one  in  the 
dining  room  at  the  camp  which  had  a 
big  copper  jardiniere  on  it,  holding  a 
plant,  or  a  sheaf  of  goldenrod,  or  what¬ 
ever  the  Lady  of  the  Hilltop  chose.  The 
top  of  this  stand  was  only  about  4  inches 
square.  It  was  stained  green,  but  had 
half  sticks  of  birch,  mitered  at  the  cor¬ 
ners  and  nailed  to  its  edge  as  a  border. 
Crossed  braces  below  were  nailed  to  the 
under  side  of  the  top  and  two  pairs  go¬ 
ing  inside  the  legs  and  two  pairs  out¬ 
side  at  their  lower  ends. 

“And  I  can  tell  you  how  to  make  a 
table  large  enough  for  books  and  a 
work  basket,  or  even  to  set  a  tea  tray 
upon.  Get  a  square  box  about  six  inches 
deep  and  as  near  to  three  feet  square  as 
you  can  find.  Take  four  stout  pieces  of 
birch  with  the  bark  on  for  legs,  but  do 
not  have  the  table  quite  as  high  as  those 
in  the  house.  Nail  the  four  legs  one 
into  each  corner  of  the  box  and  because 
of  the  angle  you  can  get  them  so  firmly 
placed  as  to  need  no  cross  braces.  Now 
add  a  second  top  to  your  table  big 


enough  to  extend  four  inches  beyond 
the  box  on  all  sides.  Stain  this  and  the 
sides  of  the  box  dull  green.  The  whole 
will  be  staunch  and  strong  and  have  a 
pretty  rustic  look. 

‘There  is  something  very  neat  and 
decorative  about  the  chalky  tone  of  the 
White  birch,  but  your  Red  cedar  with 
its  shaggy  brown  bark  is  effective,  too, 
and  I  fancy  more  durable  than  the  birch. 
Any  of  these  articles  could  be  made  of 
the  cedar,  though  the  chair  might  need 
to  season  for  a  while  lest  its  resinous 
gum  soil  the  clothing.  They  told  me  that 
the  White  birch  was  used  when  fresh  cut 
without  being  kept  to  dry  and  season. 
I  hope  they  housed  the  furniture  as  soon 
as  Summer  was  over,  for  a  farmer  told 
me  that  while  birch  firewood  would 
keep  well  under  cover  it  would  turn  to 
punk  in  one  year  if  left  outside.” 

If  we  should  decide  to  fall  in  with  the 
plan  Bess  keeps  writing  about  and  take 
city  boarders  during  July  and  August 
I  shall  surely  do  my  best  to  get  some 
of  this  rustic  furniture  made.  Nothing 
makes  grounds  look  more  attractive  than 
plenty  of  seats  in  shady  places,  and  what 
lightens  the  work  of  sweeping  and  “pick¬ 
ing  up”  indoors  as  much  as  the  habit  of 
living  out  of  doors? 

For  the  rest  I  shall  adopt  the  policy 
recommended  in  a  recent  R.  N.-Y.  and 
set  prices  high  enough  to  afford  to  give 
our  guests  all  the  luxuries  we  can  pro¬ 
vide.  They  come  to  the  country  to  get 
the  best  of  cream,  eggs,  poultry,  fruit 
and  vegetables.  They  may  groan  and 
writhe  over  the  expense,  just  as  we  do 
when  we’ve  been  traveling  or  shopping, 
but  having  paid  the  price  they  will  take 
solid  comfort  every  day  in  getting  their 
money’s  worth.  We’ve  a  little  horse  they 
mighty  enjoy  driving,  but  I  know  the 
utter  inhumanity  ignorance  begets  in  city 
people  as  to  horseflesh.  Their  only  idea 
of  driving  is  usually  to  put  the  horse 
through  regardless  of  hills  and  the  load 
it  has  to  draw.  I  shall  therefore  beg 
that  Dolcie’s  hire  be  set  high  enough  to 
give  her  needed  rest  between  drives,  or 
else  limit  her  use  to  so  many  hours  or 
miles  a  day.  r.  ithamar. 


Whex  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  20. 


There  are  any 
number  of  wrong 
chimneys  for  every 
lamp. 

But  there  is 
always  a  right  one. 

Macbeth  lamp- 
chimneys  arc  made 
of  Macbeth  “Pearl 
Glass.”  They  make 
a  lamp  do  its  best — 
give  the  most  light  and  the 
steadiest  light. 

“Pearl  Glass”  is  tough.  Only 
misuse  makes  it  break. 

To  find  tlxe  exact  chimney  you  need  for  any 
style  or  size  of  lamp  or  burner  get  my  Index. 
It  is  free  —  but  full  of  valuable  information. 

Macbeth 

Macbeth-Evans  Glass  Co.  Pittsburgh 

Chicago:  Phii.adki.phia: 

178  East  Lake  Street  -12  South  Eighth  Street 

New  York:  19  West  30th  Street 


Keg.  U.  S.  Pat,  Off, 


TAPESTRY  RUG, 
WOOL,  9x12  ft., 

Art  Squares— 9  x  12 
ft.,  *3.25  up.  Fine 
Smyrna  Rugs— 9  x, 

12  ft.,  *6.98.  Mat¬ 
ting  —  from  13c  a  yard 
up.  Oil  Cloth  —  24c  a 
yard  up.  Linoleum— 41c 
a  sq.  yard  and  up.  Brus¬ 
sels  Carpets — 40c  a  yard 
up. 


$7.48 

Just  think!  Floor 
coverings  as  fine 
as  can  be  made — 
beautiful,  long  last- 
g,  guaranteed'  with 
bright,  fadeless  colors— 
at  regular  manufactur¬ 
er's  prices ,  one-third,  to 
one-naif  less  than  retail! 
We  buy  in  big  lots.  You 
Know  that  saves  money. 


Roxboroilh  Rugs 

Tlict  O  o  hi  hnaffninn  tn  fln4  a  n..ni»l  _ :  _ .  .  . 


Just  as  big  bargains  in 
Body  Brussels,  Axmin- 
sters,  Velvets,  Ingrains, 

Wiltons,  Rag  Carpets, 

Carpet  Linings,  Cocoa 
Mats  and  Lace  Curtains. 

Talk  about  handsome 
patterns!  We  have 
them  for  parlor, 
bedroom,  dining 
room  and  kitchen. 

ROXBOROUGH  RUG  CO.,  Dept.  377  ,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


Get  a  postal  right  now, 
and  write  for  our  hand¬ 
some  illustrated  cata¬ 
logue.  It  tells  all  about 
each  article  and  gives 
■•ou  the  exact  low  price, 
aon’t  put  off  writing! 
You  won’t  have  to  buy 
unless  you  want  to,  but 
by  all  means  send  for 
the  catalogue,  and  see 
the  low  prices. 


A  Ziuays^lll^pgiMjT 
Ready  ^ 

Wise  foresight  should 
lead  you  to  keep  in  the 


cupboard  a  half  dozen  or  ^ 
more  handy  packages  of 

Uneeda  Biscuit 

They  won't  get  broken,  musty, 
soiled  or  soggy  like  ordinary 
soda  crackers  because  their  | 

crisp,  clean  freshness  is  Ilf 

protected  by  the 
moisture-proof 

and  dust- tight  ^ ® 
package. 


Never  Sold 
in  Bulk 


■lM;0te j  moistu/e-proaf 
j  f  l :  package 


NATIONAL  BISCUITS- COMPAH  Y 


408 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


March  25, 


Some  Annuals  for  Cut  Flowers. 

Everyone  enjoys  cut  flowers,  and 
many  must  depend  entirely  upon  an¬ 
nuals.  Sweet  peas  will  always  head  the 
list,  because  of  their  grace,  their  coloring, 
their  adaptability,  but  above  all  else,  be¬ 
cause  of  their  perfume.  They  have  only 
one  fault,  and  that  detracts  from  every 
other  good  quality;  they  are  not  lasting. 

If  you  are  studying  the  catalogues, 
perhaps  the  experience  of  others  will 
help  you  to  decide.  Some  wish  for  a 
few  sorts  that  will  fill  a  great  many 
points  of  excellence ;  that  will  find  a 
congenial  home  in  the  vegetable  garden, 
rough  and  ready  plants  waiting  for  the 
inexorable  knife.  L.  H.  Bailey  tells  us 
the  plants  he  likes  best  are  those  easiest 
to  grow,  and  gives  a  long  list  to  choose 
from.  Probably  there  is  nothing  easier 
to  grow  than,  the  various  pinks  (Dian- 
thus).  They  come  up  so  promptly  and 
forge  ahead  as  if  in  haste  to  please. 
There  are  so  many  varieties;  one  can 
try  a  different  kind  for  a  great  many 
seasons  and  not  exhaust  the  list.  For 
myself,  I  like  the  single  ones  best,  but 
all  have  great  merit,  and  always  some 
of  the  stronger  plants  survive  the  Winter 
and  bear  flowers  in  advance  of  seed- 
sown  plants. 

If  in  quest  of  grace,  combined  with 
lasting  qualities,  you  will  find  them  in 
a  superlative  degree  in  Scabiosa,  the 
“mourning  bride”  of  our  grandmothers; 
long,  clean,  wiry  stems,  topped  by  a  fully 
double  blossom,  in  rainbow  tints,  all 
overspread  by  threadlike  filaments  of 
pure  white.  The  picture  in  your  cata¬ 
logue  poorly  portrays  these  lovely  blos¬ 
soms.  Growing  over  two  feet  in  height 
you  will  often  find  stems  IS  and  20 
inches  long.  Do  not  crowd  the  plants, 
fully  a  foot  apart,  and,  if  you  can  afford 
the  space,  in  separate  colors.  At  least 
be  sure  of  one  package  of  the  pure 
white.  These  are  of  unusual  beauty  and 
we  so  often  find  ourselves  short  of  white 
in  building  our  floral  creations.  You 
will  find  them  prodigal  in  shades  of  red, 
also  blue,  passing  to  a  purple-black  one 
of  the  darkest  flowers  that  bloom.  Per¬ 
haps  this  last  may  prove  more  curious 
than  beautiful.  There  is  no  yellow  and 

'*1-  m  • 

they  lack  perfume,  but  their  long  period 
of  bloom  and  lasting  qualities  after  cut¬ 
ting  will  more  than  offset  these  defects. 

Centaurea  imperialis  is  another  an¬ 
nual  that  is  beautiful  as  a  cut  flower, 
and  seldom  seen.  In  this  we  have  not 
the  range  of  colors  of  Scabiosa,  but  a 
more  refined  flower,  like  silk  gauze  bound 
to  a  calyx,  and  swinging  on  a  long  stem. 
In  the  old  “Sweet  Sultan,”  Centaurea 
suaveolens,  we  have  a  good  yellow,  also 
perfume,  which  we  always  seek  in  our 
perfect  blossoms.  Centaureas  are  desir¬ 
able  for  corsage  wear  as  they  do  not 
wilt  quickly.  Cut  all  blossoms  intended 
for  this  purpose  in  the  early  morning, 
keep  in  a  cool  room,  in  cold  water,  till 
needed,  thereby  prolonging  their  useful¬ 
ness. 

Close  by  the  walk  or  veranda  where 
you  are  sure  to  be  in  the  late  afternoon 
and  evening,  when  you  have  most  leisure 
to  enjoy  them,  plant  “four  o’clocks.” 
They  will  cover  themselves  with  glory 
and  smile  a  cheerful  greeting  to  you  and 
your  friends.  Indeed,  they  are  what 
may  be  termed  “companionable” ;  their 
very  perfume  breathes  of  home.  The 
children  revel  in  their  lavish  bloom,  and 
you  will  often  find  them  useful  for  even¬ 
ing  decoration.  The  self-colors  are  very 
rich,  and  many  are  so  strangely  varie¬ 
gated  as  to  plainly  show  why  they  re¬ 
ceived  the  name  “Marvel  of  Peru.”  The 
seeds  are  large  and  seem  to  insure  suc¬ 
cess.  The  plants  are  bushy,  requiring 
plenty  of  room.  Scabiosa  and  Centaurea 
plantlets  are  large  and  vigorous  from  the 
seed-leaf,  requiring  no  special  care  or 
soil.  If  started  indoors  they  are  easily 
transplanted,  and  bloom  from  June  till 
frosts  are  severe.  With  the  exception 
of  Centaurea  imperialis,  all  are  distinct¬ 
ly  old-fashioned,  but  as  our  florists  are 
always  improving  the  improved,  you  will 
find  surprises,  even  among  old  acquain¬ 
tances.  LILLY  ELY  LITTLE. 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  pattern  and  measurement  de¬ 
sired. 

Guimpe  frocks  are  the  prettiest  pos¬ 
sible  for  little  girls  and  No.  6887  is  novel 
and  attractive.  The  yoke,  or  body  por¬ 
tion,  is  cut  in  one  with  short  sleeves, 
consequently  it  is  exceedingly  simple 
and  means  little  labor  for  the  making. 
This  is  finished  with  scalloped  edges, 
but  it  can  be  left  plain  and  trimmed  in 
any  way  to  suit  the  fancy.  All  the  ma- 


6887  Child’s  Dress  to  be  worn  over 
any  Guimpe,  4,  6  and  8  years. 


terials  that  are  used  for  little  girls’ 
dresses  will  be  found  appropriate.  The 
dress  is  made  with  body  portion  and 
skirt.  The  body  portion  is  seamed  over 
the  shoulders  and  overlapped  at  front 
and  back.  The  skirt  is  straight  and 
plaited.  The  closing  is  made  invisibly 
at  the  back  beneath  the  box  plait.  For 
a  girl  six  years  of  age  will  be  required 
3/2  yards  of  material  27  inches  wide,  2/2 
yards  36  or  two  yards  44  inches  wide. 
The  pattern  No.  6887  is  cut  in  sizes  for 
girls  of  four,  six  and  eight  years  of  age; 
price  10  cents. 


The  smaller  pictures  show  6913,  sur¬ 
plice  waist,  with  or  without  guimpe  lin¬ 


ing,  34  to  44  bust.  2 /2  yards  of  material 
18  or  27  inches  wide,  V/2  yard  36  or 
44,  three  yards  of  banding  over  waist; 
two  yards  21,  V/>  yards  36,  with  one 
yard  all-over  lace,  V/2  yards  of  ruffling 
for  guimpe  lining,  for  medium  size. 
6932,  bolero  coat.  34  to  42  bust.  2/ 
yards  of  material  27  inches  wide,  1/ 
yards  44  to  52,  with  V/2  yards  of  con¬ 
trasting  material  21,  for  medium  size. 


6931,  girl's  sailor  costume.  Eight  to  12 
years,  5/  yards  of  material  27  inches 
wide,  4/  yards  36,  or  three  yards  44, 
with  /  yard  27  for  collar,  4/2  yards  of 
braid,  for  10-year  size.  6917,  circular 
skirt  lengthened  by  circular  flounce,  22 
to  32  waist.  5/  yards  of  material  27 
inches  wide,  five  yards  36,  3/  yards 
44  inches  wide,  for  medium  size.  6908, 
child’s  French  dress,  with  body  and 
sleeves  in  one  and  straight  gathered 
skirt,  two,  four  and  six  years.  Two 
yards  of  material  27  inches  wide,  V>/ 
yards  36  or  44,  /  yard  18  inches  wide 
for  yoke,  5J4  yards  of  banding  for  four- 
year  size.  Price  of  each  pattern,  10 
cents. 


Removing  Stains. 

If  Mrs.  D.  A.  P.  will  dip  her  clothes 
first  in  the  Javelle  water,  as  described, 
and  then  into  a  solution  made  by  dis¬ 
solving  five  cents  worth  of  oxalic  acid 
in  three  pints  of  soft  water,  let  lie  a  few 
minutes  and  thoroughly  rinse,  the  stains 
will  be  removed.  She  may  have  to  go 
through  the  process  twice,  or  even  three 
times.  I  have  removed  just  such  stains, 
and  also  pink  stains  from  red  trimmings 
and  the  like.  mrs.  m.  c.  p. 


Homemade  “Wheatlet.” 

To  those  who  like  a  cereal  for  break¬ 
fast,  and  who  are  willing  to  spend  some 
time  in  its  preparation,  homemade 
wheatlet  may  prove  a  valuable  discovery. 
One  of  the  hard,  amber  varieties  of 
wheat  should  be  used,  as  the  softer  ones, 
when  cooked,  arc  too  pasty.  The  first 
step  is  the  washing,  and  in  doing  this 
plenty  of  water  should  be  used,  so  that, 
if  other  seeds  are  mixed  with  the  wheat, 
as  cheat  and  cockle,  they  will  rise  to  the 
surface  and  may  be  poured  off.  After 
the  wheat  is  washed  it  should  be  dried 
in  a  warm  oven  and  looked  over,  so  that 
whatever  adulterating  seeds  have  been 
left  may  be  picked  out.  Then  comes  the 
grinding,  which  may  be  done  in  a  small 
hand  gristmill,  grinding  about  as .  fine 
as  “steel  cut”  oatmeal.  Any  amount  may 
be  prepared  at  a  time  as  far  as  this 
point,  but  only  what  one  wishes  to  cook 
immediately  should  be  treated  to  the  re¬ 
mainder  of  the  process — a  pint,  for  in¬ 
stance,  if  one  wishes  to  serve  six  or 
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1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


409 


Achimenes  and  Primulas. 

The  last  day  of  September,  1909,  some 
one  brought  me  a  small  potful  of 
Achimenes,  recommending  them  to  my 
care  and  saying  they  had  not  been  doing 
their  best  that  season.  There  were  a 
half  dozen  or  more  plants  in  the  four- 
inch  pot,  some  of  them  too  small  to 
blossom.  There  were  three  or  four 
flowers  and  a  few  buds,  so  that  we 
learned  to  know  their  cheerful  blue- 
lavender  faces  and  to  hope  for  a  longer 
succession  of  them  the  next  year. 

The  pot  was  set  away  in  a  closet 
where  it  would  not  freeze  and  kept  with¬ 
out  watering  till  Spring.  Emptying  out 
the  soil  there  came  to  light,  as  we  had 
been  warned,  only  a  few  small  bulbs, 
“about  as  big  as  baby  teeth,"  and  shaped 
not  unlike  them.  Carefully  searching  the 
soil  for  every  one  I  repotted  them  in  a 
six-inch  pot  and  gave  them  a  quiet  cor¬ 
ner  with  plenty  of  light.  Occasionally 
as  they  grew  a  little  weak  stimulant  was 
given,  for  1  have  found  that  all  bulbs 
grown  in  pots  are  much  benefited  by 
liquid  fertilizers  applied  frequently  when 
they  are  in  active  growth,  but  always  the 
“tea"  must  be  used  well  diluted.  They 
were  in  bloom  by  the  middle  of  July. 
That  we  might  enjoy  their  prettiness,  I 
carried  the  pot  to  the  veranda,  but  soon 
found  that  some  of  those  enterprising 
young  pullets  who  would  always  go 
where  they  were  not  wanted  had  devel¬ 
oped  a  taste  for  Achimene  flowers.  They 
evidently  found  them  as  good  salad  as 
the  Tradescantia  of  the  veranda  box. 
So  my  blue-lavender  pet  must  be  either 
surrounded  by  netting  or  placed  out  of 
reach.  I  found  a  small  round  basket  into 

which  the  pot  fitted  and  suspended  the 
improvised  hanging  basket  where  there 
was  plenty  of  light,  but  direct  sunshine 
only  in  late  afternoon.  As  it  was  nearly 
opposite  the  kitchen  door,  there  was  the 
less  chance  of  forgetting  to  give  plenty 
of  water,  for  all  sorts  of  hanging  baskets 
dry  out  so  promptly.  The  Achimenes 
seemed  to  approve  of  the  situation  and 
from  the  six  or  seven  blossoms  which 
had  been  about  the  daily  allowance  they 
increased,  as  the  smaller  bulbs  began 
adding  their  flowers,  to  18  or  20  at  one 
time.  It  was  never  a  truly  gorgeous 
plant,  but  odd  and  sure  to  be  noticed 
because  uncommon  in  this  locality.  As 
the  flowers,  which  are  stemless  in  the 
axils  of  the  leaves,  have  tubular  throats 
an  inch  and  a  half  long  and  a  flat  disk 
as  large  as  a  silver  dollar  each  one  adds 
noticeably  to  the  display. 

My  Achimenes  were  still  in  full  bloom 
when  frosty  weather  came  in  the  Fall, 
so  I  took  the  pot  down  from  its  basket 
and  placed  it  in  a  jardiniere  in  an  east 
window.  Though  I  had  considered  the 
plant  a  veranda  bulb  and  only  for  Sum¬ 
mer  display,  I  found  that  in  the  sheltered 
air  of  the  sitting  room  and  with  faithful 
watering  and  a  little  stimulant  now  and 
then,  its  satin-textured  flowers  grew 
larger  and  more  plentiful.  Almost  up  to 
the  holidays  it  continued  so  full  of  blos¬ 
soms  that  it  was  a  pleasure  to  count 
them  over  each  morning.  After  a  bulb 
began  blooming  it  would  put  out  three 
or  four  flowers  with  each  new  whorl  of 
leaves,  and  as  I  had  quite  a  potful  of 
bulbs  the  effect  was  very  pretty. 

Achimenes  may  be  well  known  in  other 
localities,  but  if  any  window  gardener 
has  never  tried  them  they  will  prove 
well  worth  becoming  acquaincd  with. 
Keep  always  in  the  pots  and  encourage 
active  growth  till  well  into  Winter  that 
next  season’s  bulbs  may  be  full  of  vigor 
and  you  may  be  sure  of  an  endless  suc¬ 
cession  of  blossoms  from  July  to  De¬ 
cember. 

No  one  who  reads  plant  notes  needs 
be  told  that  Primula  obconica  is  a  desir¬ 
able  window  plant.  I  am  always  promis¬ 
ing  myself  to  buy  a  paper  of  seed  and 
see  if  I  cannot  grow  some  as  mid¬ 
winter  gifts  to  my  friends.  But  what 
country  woman  ever  does  half  she  plans! 
In  the  Fall  I  made  a  trip  to  the  green¬ 
house  in  the  village  to  buy  a  Mahernia 
odorata,  a  window  plant  we  used  greatly 
to  enjoy,  but  now  lost  to  our  collection 
these  many  seasons.  Its  tiny-leaved, 
compact  little  bushes  used  to  be  thickly 
hung  with  yellow  bells,  which  gave  out 
a  delicate  but  charming  fragrance. 

Never  heard  of  it”  was  the  young 
florist’s,  reply  to  my  inquiry.  Walking 
about  in  his  neatly  kept  houses  I  was 
struck  by  the  change  from  greenhouses 
in  that  same  village  50  years  ago.  Then 


one  S3w  Calceolarias,  Camellias  and  all 
sorts  of  things  not  to  be  grown  except 
under  glass,  and  a  supply  of  such  of 
window  plants  as  were  popular  at  the 
time.  Now  almost  no  one  keeps  blos¬ 
soming  house  plants,  and  there  were  long 
houses  filled  with  plants  which  would 
furnish  cut  flowers.  Chrysanthemum 
houses,  carnation  benches  many  feet 
long,  roses  for  cutting,  Stevia  to  furnish 
the  fine  white  that  “sets  off"  handsome 
blossoms  so  effectively,  ferns  and  aspara¬ 
gus  for  green  and,  in  a  corner,  some 
much-clipped  plants  of  the  fragrant¬ 
leaved  myrtle  from  which  the  Swedish 
brides  like  their  wedding  wreaths  made. 
The  place  had  a  thriving  air,  and  I  know 
that  every  village  funeral,  party  or  dance 
sent  customers  to  its  doors,  while  many 
people  bought  flowers  as  freely  as  they 
did  oranges  and  grapes.  But  I  must 
return  without  my  Mahernia.  So  I  paid 
20  cents  for  a  primrose  and  said  absent 
mindedly  as  it  was  being  wrapped  up : 

“So  you  will  warrant  this  to  blossom 
all  Winter?” 

“Oh,  no,"  was  the  quick  response, 
“We  warrant  nothing.  But  if  it  stayed 
here  it  would  be  in  flower  till  Spring.” 

It  has  done  as  well  in  my  sitting  room 
a§  plant  could.  Every  little  while  a  new 
flowering  stalk  pushes  up  and  still  the 
earlier  ones  keep  blossoming.  In  Janu¬ 
ary  the  original  bunch  of  bloom  was 
still  keeping  up  its  succession  of  flowers 
and  eight  others  were  outdoing  it  in  size 
and  in  number  of  blossoms. 

OLD-FASH IONF-D  PLANT  LOVER. 

R.  N.-Y. — Primula  obconica  is  one  of 
the  prettiest  and  most  satisfactory  pot 
plants  one  can  grow,  admirably  suited 
to  the  ordinary  living  room.  But  handle 
its  cut  blooms  with  caution.  Those  tiny 
fuzzy  bristles  on  the  flower  stem  prove 
poisonous  to  many  people,  and  many  a 
florist  has  suffered  misery  from  “prim¬ 
rose  rash.’  It  varies  in  intensity  from  a 
slight  rash  like  prickly  heat  to  an  erup¬ 
tion  as  severe  as  a  bad  case  of  poison 
ivy,  according  to  the  susceptibility  of 
the  subject,  some  being  entirely  immune. 


Puddings  in  Variety 

Vermont  Pudding— Melt  one-half  cup 
of  butter,  add  three-quarters  cup  of  mo¬ 
lasses  and  beat,  add  two  well-beaten 
eggs,  one  cup  of  sour  milk,  one  salt- 
spoon  each  of  cinnamon  and  nutmeg,  and 
a  level  teaspoon  of  soda  dissolved  in 
two  tablespoons  of  boiling  water.  Beat, 
add  three  cups  of  sifted  pastry  flour  and 
turn  into  a  buttered  mold,  cover  tightly 
and. steam  three  hours.  Serve  with  a  hot 
liquid  sauce.  Lemon  sauce  is  excellent, 
made  as  follows  r  Cream  one-quarter  cup 
of  butter,  add  slowly  three-quarters  cup 
of  sugar,  one  egg  slightly  beaten  and 
one-third  cup  of  boiling  water.  Cook 
until  it  thickens,  add  three  tablespoons 
of  lemon  juice  or  one  of  lemon  juice 
and  two  of  orange  juice. 

Rich  Sago  Pudding. — Soak  six  heap¬ 
ing  tablespoon  fuls  of  sago  in  a  quart  of 
sweet  milk  for  five  hours.  Then  add  a 
quart  of  boiling  milk.  Cook  till  soft. 
Beat  the  yolks  of  six  eggs  in  a  pudding 
dish  with  a  teacup  of  sugar  and  a  little 
nutmeg.  Then  when  the  sago  is  soft 
stir  it  into  the  eggs  and  sugar.  Bake 
20  minutes.  After  the  pudding  has  been 
set  away  to  cool,  beat  up  the  whites  of 
the  six  eggs  until  they  are  a  stiff  froth 
and  -fold  into  them  three  tablespoonfuls 
of  sugar.  Spread  this  meringue  over 
the  top  of  the  pudding  and  brown  it  in 
the  oven.  A  little  jelly  is  sometimes 
spread  over  the  pudding  before  adding 
the  meringue. 

Cocoanut  Pudding. — Mix  a  cupful  of 
fresh  bread  crumbs,  two  cupfuls  of 
shredded  cocoanut  and  half  a  cupful  of 
sugar.  Beat  the  yolks  of  two  eggs 
with  a  cupful  of  milk,  pour  over  the  first 
mixture  and  mix  thoroughly.  Turn  into 
a  buttered  pudding  dish  and  bake  in  a 
moderate  oven  until  the  custard  is  set. 
Cover  with  a  meringue  made  of  the 
whites  of  two  eggs  and  a  fourth  of  a 
cupful  of  sugar.  Flavor  with  vanilla 
and  sprinkle  with  cocoanut.  Bake  until 
firm  in  a  slow  oven. 

Lemon  Rice  Pudding. — Boil  a  half 
pint  of  rice  in  a  quart  of  milk  till  very 
soft.  Add  to  it  while  hot  the  yolks  of 
three  eggs,  three  large  tablespoonfuls  of 
sugar,  the  grated  rind  of  two  lemons 
and  a  little  salt.  If  too  thick  add  a  little 
cold  milk.  It  should  be  a  little  less 
thick  than  boiled  custard.  Turn  it  into 
a  pudding  dish.  Beat  the  whites  of  the 
eggs  very  stiff  with  eight  tablespoonfuls 
of  sugar  and  the  juice  of  two  lemons, 
arid  brown  the  top  delicately  in  the  oven. 
Thoroughly  chill  and  serve. 

Baked  Raisin  Pudding. — Put  eight 
ounces  of  sweet  drippings  or  suet  into  a 
basin,  warm  it  and  work  in  one  pound 
of  flour  mixed  with  one  teaspoonful  of 
baking  powder  and  one  scant  teaspoon¬ 


ful  of  salt.  Add  one  teaspoon”  1  of 
ground  mixed  spic:,  one  ounce  o:  can¬ 
died  lemon  peel  cut  up  small,  four  ounces 
of  moist  sugar  and  six  ounces  of  seeded 
raisins. _  Mix  them  well  and  make  the 
whole  into  a  paste  by  adding  two  eggs 
beaten  up  in  a  teacup ful  of  milk.  Turn 
the  mixture  into  a  well-greased  tin  ol¬ 
dish,  put  in  a  moderate  oven  and  bake 
for  an  hour.  When  done  turn  the  pud¬ 
ding  out  into  a  serving  dish,  sprinkle 
with  sugar  and  serve  with  hard  sauce. 

English  Jam  Pudding. — Line  a  but¬ 
tered  bake  dish  with  a  good  rich  pie 
crust.  For  a  batter  allow  two  eggs  and 
their  weight  in  butter  and  in  dried  and 
sifted  flour.  Cream  the  butter  and  sugar, 
whip  in  the  yolks,  beaten  smooth,  and 
then  the  frothed  whites  alternately  with 
the  flour,  which  has  been  sifted  twice 
with  a  teaspoonful  of  baking  powder. 
Now  spread  the  paste  in  the  bake  dish 
with  peach  jam,  or  with  preserved 
peaches,  mixed  with  a  tablespoonful  of 
preserved  ginger,  cut  fine.  Pour  the 
batter  upon  this  prepared  bed  and  bake 
in  a  steady  oven.  Cover  with  paper  as 
you  would  cake,  removing  to  brown 
after  the  pudding  has  puffed  up  well. 


OLD 
PEAMJTS 

DIRECT  FROM 

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PLANTATION  PEANUT  CO. 
RICHMOND, VA 


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If  yon  have  never  raised  pea¬ 
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Peanuts,”  will  tel)  you.  We  send 
a  free  copy  with  each  order. 

T  It  takes  about  four  bushels 
to  plant  an  acre. 

We  will  ship  a  bag  containing  214 
bushels  for  $5.00  or  5  bushels  for  $9.50~. 

All  shipments  made  by  freight  or  express 
F.  O.  B.  Send- check,  P.  O.  Money  Order  or 
Express  Order.  Write  for  special  prices  on 
largo  quantities. 

PLANTATION  PEANUT  OO., 
Mutual  Building,  Richmond,  Va. 


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station  at  Salisbury,  Md.  Measure  distance  around 
your  grounds,  see  how  little  it  costs  and  send  your 
order  to  W.  F.  ALLEN,  Salisbury,  Maryland. 


D|p C — NEW  CROP-PRODUCER  to  CONSUMER-100  lbs 

nlOL  beautiful,  clean,  white,  whole  grain  South 
Carolina  extra  fancy  table  rice,  ready  for  cook¬ 
ing,  delivered  freight  prepaid  to  your  station,  $4.85. 
AVe  guarantee  safe  arrival  of  rice. 

I  J.  ED  CABANISS,  Rice  Farmer,  Katy,  Texas. 


YOUR  HOME  SHOULD 

attract  attention 

If  you  want  to  add  not  only 
to  the  appearance  of  your 
property  but  to  its  value ,  put 
up  an  attractive  and  durable 

RE.PUBLIC 

ORNAMENTAL  FENCE 

thus  combining  artistic  appear¬ 
ance,  permanence  and  economy. 
Republic  are  built  not  only  for  beauty, 

F  F  N  r  r  C  !>ut  for  Utility.  The  fabric 
r  L  ^  b  Lb  i9  made  of  best  quality 
heavily  galvanized  cables  and  heavy  upright 
pickets,  corrugated  only  where  they  engage 
the  cabled  line  wires.  These  features  com¬ 
bine  to  make  a  rustp-oof  fabric. 

Made  in  attractive  designs,  for 
either  wood  or  iron  posts.  Self  ad¬ 
justing  to  uneven  ground  and  easily 
Put  up.  Q 

Write  for  catalog  of  Republic  Oma* 
mental  Fence  and  Farm  Gates. 

It’s  FREE. 

Republic  Fence  4  Gate  Co., 

211  Republic  Si.,  Norlh  Chicago,  III. 


m 


50  WORTH  OF 


95c 

gauge. 

$1.85 


We  Can  Save  You  $50.00 
on  the  Average  Size  Roof 

A  Few  Quotations  From  the  Bargains 
in  Our  Latest  Roofing  Catalog: 
Tarred  Felt  Roofing.  Best  quality. 
108squarefeet.  85-cent value. 

Per  roll .  DUC 

Rubber  Asphalt  Roofing.  The  ordinary 
kind.  108  square  feet.  $1-25 
value.  Wt.,34  1bs.  Per  roll.  I«7C 
Flint  Coated  Rubber  Roofing.  108 
square  feet.  $1.65  value. 

Weight,  50  lbs.  Per  roll. . . 
Corrugated  Steel  Roofing.  28-gauge. 
Heavy,  painted  red.  100 
square  feet.  $2.50  value. 

Best-of-all  Roofing.  3J^-ply.  108 
square  feet.  $3.50  value.  d»1j  QA 
Weight,  60  lbs.  Per  roll.. 

Every  Price  in  This  Catalog  is  25  to  50 
Per  Cent  Below  Regular  Retail  Prices. 

If  you  want 
any  Kind  of 
roofing,  it  is 
to  your  in¬ 
terests  to 
write  for  a 
copy  of  this 
free  Roof¬ 
ing  Catalog 
and  our 
complete 
layout  of 
samples  be¬ 
fore  placing 
vour  order. 
W  e  quote 
1911  reduced  prices  which  in  many  lines  are 
even  lower  than  our  prices  for  1910.  Simply 
write  and  sa.v:  “Send  me  your  free  Hoofing 
Catalog  No.60K51  and  complete  set  of  sam¬ 
ples”  and  they  will  be  mailed  at  once  free 
and  postpaid. 

AND  CQ 
CHICAGO 


SEARS.R0EBUCK 


^2*  ; 
AWEEK' 


Makes  and  burns  Its  own  gas  and 
produces  a  pure  white,  steady, 
k  sale,  100 candle  power  light.  .No 
\  wick,  smoke,  dirt,  grease  or  odor. 

kY  a 


L  A 
\  i-3 
v  A 


-  /  loo 

f  CANDLE, 
-*  POWER/ 

t  / 


THE!  BEST' LIGHT 


Lighted  instantly.  Over 200 styles. 
Agents  wanted.  Write  for  catalog 

Tin:  UK  ST  LIGHT  CO.  • 
401  L  5th  St..  Canton,  *! 


.4b  ck-''Oc?>0'v-o 


AUAI  A IIC  Fenees  and  Gates  for  Farm,  Home, 
la  |  (al  1111  P*  Park's  or  Cemeteries.  Increase  prop- 
w  ^  erty  values.  Strong,  Lasting,  Hand¬ 
some.  Easily  erected— all  heights  up  to  10  feet.  Our 
catalog  and  prices  will  interest  you.  We  pay  freight. 

The  Cyclone  woven  Wire  fence  Co. 

1237  E  SETH  STREET  C  LE  VELA  N  D,  OH  I O 


ETC*  jy  f  v  E*  For  Lawns,  Churches,  Cemeter’es,  Pub- 
■  GHWIt  iic  Grounds.  100  Patterns.  Wiite  for 
special  offer  and  our  free  han  some  Pattern  Book. 

THE  WARD  FENCE  CO..  Box  046  Decatur,  Ind. 


Can’t-Sag  Gates  Save  You  Big  Moneyl 


of 


Neat  in  appearance — strong  enough  to  stop  all  stock— light— durable— and  best 
„  all  they  CAN’T  SAG.  COST  ONLY  ONE-THIRD  AS  MUCH  as  ordinary  Iron,  Wire,  or 
UaSD>!Pwr.G5;t?»-„^Post  less  than  a  8r°0(b  all-wood  swing  gate  and  last  five  times  as  long. 
t  KUWh  CANT-SAG  GATES  are  furnished  complete,  or  only  the  Gate  Steels,  which 
.include  everything  except  the  five  boards.  Our  New  Double  Truss  K:nge  Braces  with 
r®,  Angle  Uprights  make  a  gate  which  we  guarantee  never  to  sag.  No  weak  parts  to 
’give  out— the  Gate  Steels  will  last  a  life  time. 

|<p  Elevating  Attachment  permits  gate  to  be  raised  to  allow  small  stock  to  pass  under  and 
.to  avoid  deep  snow.  All  kinds  and  sizes  of  Farm  Gates  at  prices  you  can’t  afford  to  miss. 

30  DAYS’  FREE  TR9AL 
5  YEAR  GUARANTEE 

Let  us  tell  you  about  our  Free  Trial 
and  Guarantee.  Write  a  postal  for 
our  Free  Booklet  today.  Don’t 
miss  this  chance. 

ROWE  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

5S0  Fourth  St.,  Galesburg,  III, 


410 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


March  25, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

HOW  CREAMERY  PROMOTERS  WORK. 

There  is  in  our  section  a  promoter  look¬ 
ing  to  the  establishment  of  a  co-operative 
creamery  to  cost  about  $5,000,  which  he 
is  insisting  will  be  a  profitable  investment 
to  the  farmer  stockholders  of  this  section. 
The  firm  claims  to  have  been  the  builders  of 
many  most  successful  plants.  Can  you 
give  me  some  definite  information  as  to 
the  firm  and  their  plans,  with  the  pros¬ 
pects  in  a  fruit  and  truck  producing  sec¬ 
tion  with  sandy  soil?  J.  F. 

Sussex  Co.,  Del. 

We  do  not  know  the  firm.  It  prob¬ 
ably  has  a  good  financial  rating,  and 
would  very  likely  put  up  a  creamery  if 
your  people  gave  them  $5,000.  After 
you  paid  for  the  outfit  you  would  be 
likely  to  find  that  you  had  a  big  white 
elephant  on  your  hands  in  a  district 
where  there  was  no  pasture  for  him. 
This  locating  creameries  is  a  fine  art  and 
in  many  cases  ranks  with  “horse  com¬ 
pany”  deals  for  profit — to  the  promoters. 
These  men  are  shrewd,  and  they  figure 
that  a  company  of  farmers  would  not 
trust  each  other,  but  that  they  will  trust 
some  oily-tongued  stranger.  Here  is  an 
extract  from  a  letter  to  one  of  our  read¬ 
ers — this  being  the  usual  way  of  starting ; 

Active  and  progressive  citizens  are  con¬ 
stantly  on  the  lookout  for  staple  enter¬ 
prises  that  are  a  benefit  to  the  community. 
They  can't  be  like  Wilkins  Micawber — 
“always  waiting  for  something  to  turn  up.” 
They  must  help  to  turn  up  things  them¬ 
selves.  The  object  of  this  letter  is  to  turn 
up  something  that  is  a  profitable  thing, 
and  a  benefit  to  the  whole  community — 
that  is  a  co-operative  creamery.  The  ben¬ 
efits  are  numerous ;  the  farmer  gets  paid 
monthly,  has  money  ahead,  is  out  of  debt, 
lives  better  and  easier,  buys  more  goods, 
pays  as  he  goes,  and  his  farm  constantly 
increases  in  value. 

That  usually  hits  some  farmer  who  is 
having  a  hard  struggle,  and  as  a  result 
the  representatives  comes  on.  He  knows 
his  business,  and  being  a  good  judge  of 
human  nature  picks  out  one  or  more 
farmers  to  play  the  part  of  Judas  and  in¬ 
duce  their  friends  to  come  in.  As  we 
have  been  solicited  to.-  'V-  this  work  we 
know  how  it  operates.  The  local  Judas 
puts  his  name  down  for  several  shares, 
with  the  understanding  that  they  cost 
him  nothing.  He  may  also  get  a  cash 
bonus  for  his  work.  He  goes  around 
with  the  agent  and  argues  with  his 
neighbors  for  a  creamery — and  usually 
gets  it.  When  enough  stock  is  signed 
for  the  company  goes  ahead  and  puts 
up  the  creamery,  either  getting  cash  for 
the  shares  or  good  paper  that  can  be 
discounted.  The  outfit  costs  usually  40 
per  cent  or  more  above  what  most 
reliable  manufacturers  would  sell  it  for. 
In  the  case  of  a  “$5,000  creamery”  we 
have  no  doubt  the  farmers  could  dupli¬ 
cate  it  for  $3,500.  In  most  cases  such 
a  creamery  is  like  a  business  largely 
over-capitalized.  It  cannot  pay  fair 
dividends  ©n  the  surplus  capital  or 
“water,”  and  it  fails.  Also  those  fel¬ 
lows  would  locate  a  creamery  on  a 
desert  island  where  there  were  no  cows 
at  all,  if  they  could  get  people  to  listen 
to  them.  If  you  take  their  word  for  it, 
the  cows,  the  dairy  habit,  the  feed  and 
all  the  rest  will  appear  as  soon  as  their 
creamery  is  built.  We  should  consider 
it  folly  to  put  up  a  $5,000  creamery  in 
a  sandy  fruit-growing  section  of  Dela¬ 
ware.  It  is  not  a  dairy  section,  and 
while  it  is  possible  to  grow  forage  crops 
and  breed  dairy  cattle,  the  people  have 
not  yet  been  educated  to  it,  and  know 
little  or  nothing  about  making  milk. 
Under  the  circumstances  such  an  en¬ 
terprise  would  be  doomed  to  failure  be¬ 
fore  it  was  started— but  this  would  be 
all  the  more  reason  why  the  creamery 
sharks  would  stay  by  their  game. 


Cement  for  a  Barn  Wall. 

T.  A.  It.,  Fisher’s  Ferry ,  Pa. — How  much 
cement  and  sand  will  it  require  to  build 
a  wall  24  feet  square  GV2  feet  high  and  one 
foot  thick?  Also  one  40  feet  long  and  two 
end  walls  each  23y2  feet,  6%  feet  high,  the 
40  foot  wall  battered  down  18  inches  at  the 


bottom  to  one  foot  at  the  top,  the  end  walls 
running  one  foot  clear  down?  In  what 
proportions  should  it  be  mixed  to  make  a 
good  substantial  wall,  using  stone  from  the 
fields  for  a  filler? 

Ans. — The  amount  of  cement  and 
sand  required  to  build  this  wall  cannot 
be  estimated  perfectly  on  account  of 
using  the  field  stone  for  a  filler,  as  they 
will  simply  be  laid  in  the  cement  re¬ 
gardless  of  weight  or  measure,  and  the 
more  of  the  stone  used  the  less  cement 
and  sand  will  be  required.  If  the  field 
stone  is  put  in  sparingly  the  more  sand 
and  cement  would  be  required.  The  rule 
for  ordinary  walls  such  as  you  propose 
building  is  as  follows :  One  part  cement, 
three  parts  clean  sharp  sand,  seven 
parts  broken  stone,  which  will  build  27 
cubic  feet  of  wall,  by  using  one  barrel 
cement  and  sand  and  stone  in  propor¬ 
tionate  quantities.  If  I  have  figured 
correctly  on  your  walls  it  will  take 
about  10  tons  cement,  30  tons  sand  and 
nearly  twice  that  amount  of  stone,  and 
I  think  you  will  have  a  very  satisfactory 
job  with  the  field  stone  if  they  are  clean 
and  free  from  dried  earth  or  any  sub¬ 
stance  to  prevent  the  cement  from  hold¬ 
ing  them  firmly  in  place.  I  would  like 
to  make  a  few  suggestions  regarding 
the  construction.  First,  be  very  thor¬ 
ough  in  regard  to  the  foundation,  keep¬ 
ing  well  below  the  frost  line,  proper 
drainage,  etc.,  hammering  the  stone 
down  perfectly  solid.  A  wall  of  this 
kind  cannot  adjust  its  weight  to  suit 
the  settling  of  the  foundation;  it  must 
simply  break.  The  construction  of  the 
wall  should  begin  three  to  four  inches 
below  surface  of  ground  unless  it  is  to 
be  filled  around  with  earth  after  com¬ 
pletion.  The  outside  of  the  form  which 
will  make  face  of  wall  should  be  built 
of  lumber  of  "a  uniform  thickness  to  in¬ 
sure  a  nice  smooth  finish.  The  stone 
should  not  be  laid  closer  than  three- 
fourths  to  one  inch  of  the  face  side  of 
form ;  then  they  will  never  be  seen,  and 
you  will  be  saved  the  time  and  expense 
of  plastering  the  outside.  w.  A.  b. 


— 11  ■■  miiiMMiii  i  in  m  ■»—  ■  win i ii  m 

You  Simply  Say 
"BRING  ME 


A  SHARPLES 


Tubular 

Cream  Separator 
FOR  FREE  TRIAL” 


The  Tubular  will  be  delivered  at  your 
home,  will  be  set  up  and  started,  and 
you  will  be  shown  how  to  use  it.  It 
will  be  left  for  free  trial.  You  pay  no 
freight— pay  nothing  in  advance — take 
no  risk  or  responsibility. 


No  disks  or  other  contraptions  in  the 
Dairy  Tubular.  So  simple  it  wears  a 
lifetime.  Guaranteed  forever  by 
America's  oldest  and  world’s  biggest 
separator  concern.  Twice  the  skimming 
force  of  others— skims  faster  and 
twice  as  clean.  The 
World’s  Best.  99  out 
of  every  100  farmers 
who  see  and  try  Tubu¬ 
lars  buy  Tubulars. 

You  can  own  and  use 
a  T ubular  for  less  than 
any  other  make.  Then 
how  can  you  afford  to 
waste  time  o  r 
risk  money  on 
any  "mail  order” 
or  other  (so 
called)  cheap 
machine,  the  av¬ 
erage  life  of 
which  is  one 
year?  Vr~:'" 
at  once 
catalogue 
No.  153 
and  a  free 
trial. 


THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO., 

WEST  CHESTER,  I* A. 

Chicago,  III.,  San  Francisco.  Cal.,  Pertlnnd,  Ore. 
Toronto,  Can, _ VVlnnlpejr.  Cun. 


ALLAMUCHY  FARM  HOLSTEINS 

We  offer  well  brod  bull  calves  out  of  A.  R.  O. 
dams  at  reasonable  prices.  Send  for  list  before 
placing  your  order.  ALLAMUCHY,  N.  ,J. 


LAUREL  FARM  JERSEYS 

breed  regularly,  and  their  calves  live.  Pern’s  Jubi- 
loo  still  beads  the  herd.  What  do  you  want  ? 

Will  also  sell  full  blooded  Morgan  filly,  coming 
2  and  a  beauty,  at  $100. 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 


Prn/firrprv  ,or  ^evr  York  City  market 
r  1  UUUOCi  a  desiring  information  bow  to 
form  brandies  of  the  Dairymen’s  Dengue,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Masking,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 


AJAX 

MOST  ECONOMICAL 

A  dollar’s  worth  of  AJAX  FLAKES  furnishes  more  food 
value  (net  energy)  and  protein,  than  any  article  for  sale  to-day. 
It  costs  about  one-quarter  more  than  bran  and  has  almost 
double  the  value. 

It  has  three  times  as  much  protein  and  two  and  three  quar¬ 
ters  times  as  much  net  energy  as  alfalfa.  It  is  the  ideal  protein 
feed  (because  safe,  coarse  and  palatable)  to  mix  with  home 
groVvn  starchy  grains.  It  greatly  reduces  the  cost  of  feeding. 
It  is  used  by  the  best  breeders  everywhere  and  by  the  Wis¬ 
consin,  New  York  and  Pennsylvania  Experiment  Stations.  You 
can  well  afford  to  sell  some  of  your  corn,  oats  or  barley  and 
purchase  AJAX  FLAKES,  the  most  economical  feed 
on  the  market  to-day.  Ask  your  dealer  or  write  us. 

CHAPIN  «&  CO.,  Dept  A,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


SWINE 

KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

...  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 

SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.™^ 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON.  Piuprietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 

LARGE  BERKSHIRES 

Orders  booked  for  Spring  Pigs.  August  and 
September  pigs  from  litters  averaging  ten. 

.  .  .  Catalogue  on  application  .  .  . 

WILLOUGHBY  FARM,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

I  ARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD-Special  Offering 
L  of  Service  Boars.  Good  useful  Boars,  $30  to  $40. 
Fancy  Boars  for  the  breeder  and  exhibitor,  $50  and 
up.  They  should  develop  into  800-pound  boars  at 
maturity.  H.  C.  8  H.  B.  HARPENDING,  Dundee,  N.  Y. 

A  BERKSHIRE  OR  DTJROC  PIG  given  for  a 
-A  few  hours  of  your  time.  Stamp  for  particulars. 
PENNA.  BERKSHIRE  UO.,  Fannettsburg,  Pa, 

nilDflOC  THE  BIG.  DEEP  FELLOWS 

UUllUvw  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS.  Transfer,  Pa. 

LARGE  YORKSHIRE  HOGS 

Am  now  booking  orders  for  6  week  old  Pigs,  Regis¬ 
tered,  at  $15.00  per  pair.  If  you  are  looking  for  the 
genuine  Bacon  Hog,  try  a  pair  this  spring.  Address 

HILLHURST  FARM,  Orchard  Park,  N.  Y. 

CIIELD0N  FARM  registered  Dqrocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
0  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNES,  Oxford,  N.  Y. 

DOGS 

pm  |  1C  D|  1  DC-From  imported  stock.  Females 

llULLIL  rUrucheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 

CCOTCH  CO  LUES,  Spayed  Females,  two  to 
^  eight  mos.  Circ.  SILAS  DECKER,  Montrose,  Pa 

HORSES 

Pfj  Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
OU  at  farmers'  prices.  A  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penna.  R.IO,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O. 

Highland  View  Stock  Farm. 

Thirty-five  purebred  registered  Percheron  Stallions 
and  Mares  for  sale.  Stallions  from  $300  up,  mares 
from  $400  up.  Address  all  correspondence  to 

O.  N,  WILSON,  Kittanning,  Pa. 

THE  PERCHERON  SOCIETY 
OF  AMERICA 

Has  just  taken  over  all  records  and  business 
of  Percheron  ltegistery  Company  of  Colum¬ 
bus,  Ohio.  215  breeders  took  membership  in 

P.  S.  of  A.  during  Dec.  and  January  alone. 

137  more  new  members  added  thru  recent  ac- 
quirementnamed  above.  There  isnow  butone 
lecognized  Society  in  the  United  States  record¬ 
ing  Percherons.  For  information  address: 

WAYNE  0INSM0RE,  Secretary,  Union  Stock  Yards, Chicaoo, III. 

DAIRY  CATTLE 

REGISTERED  AYRSHIRES 

A  few  choice  young  cows,  also  young  stock  of  either  sox, 
from  first-class  milkers,  at  reasonable  prices.  Correspond¬ 
ence  solicited.  F.  JI.  Cookingham,  Cherry  Creek,  N.  Y. 

Breed  Up-Not 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  H.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


IDAIRY  CATTXjE 


The  Most  Economical  Production  of  the 
Highest  Class  of  I)an*y  Products,  excell¬ 
ing  in  Natural  Color  and  Good  Flavor. 

fThe  Pan  American  Dairy  Breed  Test, 
J  The  ion- a  Dairy  Cow  Contest, 

*VUN  ^  Iupartial  Experiment  Station  Trials. 

Tlio  Guernsey  was  the  First  Breed  to  establish 
an  Advanced  Register  on  basis  of  Years 
Records  with  Public  Supervision. 

An  average  of  over  1200  official  yeara  records  show  : 

8070  lbs.  Milk  410  lbs.  Butter  Fat 

(Equivalent  to  IGOlbs.  butter) 

AVERAGE  PER  CENT.  BUTTER  FAT  5.03 
Pull  information  regarding  the  breed  by  writing 

The  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club 

Box  R.  PETERBORO,  N.  II. 


Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  BmlfonJ,  Conn .,  offer  the  fol- 

—  - — - — — ■  1  _■  ~  lowing  Gilt  Edge  Stock  for 

sale.  One  magnificent  Yearling  Guernsey  Bull  (reg¬ 
istered);  one  full  blooded  Jersey  Bull  (registered). 
Dams  of  both  extra  heavy  producers.  Jersey 
Sire,  Hood  Farm  Pogis;  Guernsey  sire.  Fantim’s 
Zac  Taylor  (imported).  One  registered  Berkshire 
Boar  5  mos.  old,  perfect  form  and  breeding  cannot 
be  boat.  One  Chester  White  Boar  9  mos.  old,  pure 
bred,  Quick  and  sure,  an  exceptional  animal,  price 
right.  12  Single  and  Double  Comb  R.  I.  Red  Cock¬ 
erels  $3.00  each  (Tuttle  Strain).  Bred  for  utility  as 
well  as  beauty.  Full  blooded  Imperial  Pekin  Duck 
Eggs  for  hatching  $1.00  per  13— $0.00  per  hundred. 
Full  blooded  S.  and  D.  C.  R.  I.  Red  Eggs  for  batch¬ 
ing.  Guaranteed  100(4  fertility  from  our  Utility  Pens. 
$1.00  per  16 — $4.00  per  hundred.  The  above  stock  is 
guaranteed  to  be  pure  bred  and  the  price  is  right. 


Robinson's  HOLSTEINS  are  Producers 

They  are  Tuberculin  Tested.  Forty  just  fresh  and 
that  will  freshen  in  the  next  two  months,  with 
milk  records  from  8,000  to  12,000  lbs.  in  the  last 
year.  V.  D.  ROBINSON,  Kdmeston,  N.  Y. 


To  Avoid  Inbreeding;,  We  Will  Sell  Our 
HERD  BULL 

AMERICA  DE  KOL  BURKE, 

A  great  son  of  the  great  De  Koi  Burke.  It  will 
pay  you  to  come  and  see  him.  Write  for  pedigree. 
Several  young  calves  out  of  A.  R.O.  dams  for  sale. 

CLOY KltllALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

C.  S.  bunt,  Owner  J.  J.  Eden,  Manager 


S‘W5r  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTEDYOU,  Somerville,  N.  J. 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEI N-FRI  ESI  A  N  ASSN  OF  AMERICA 
K.L.HOUGHTON.SEC’Y.BOX  1 05,  BRATTLE  BO  RO.VT. 


Jersey  Bulls  For  Spring  Service 

From  Son  of  “The  Imported  Jap.”  Dams  are 
Flying  Fox,  Financial  King,  Stoke  Pogis,  and 
Combination  Blood.  Also  Fertile  Eggs  from 
Young's  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns,  Wrights  w.  W.van- 
dottes,  and  Tuttle’s  ID  and  S.  0.  R.  1.  Reds,  $1.00 
per  15,  $5.00  per  100  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

SH  ELDON  CROFT,  Silver  Lake,  Pa. 
Clias.  B.  Dayton, Supt. 


Contains  full  informatron  and  complete  feeding  directions  for  using 


BlatchforcTs  Calf  Meal — The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute 

Three  or  four  calves  can  be  raised  on  it  at  the  cost  of  one  where  milk  is  fed. 

Mo  mill  feed  The  only  calf  meal  manufactured  in  an  exclusive  Calf  Meal  Factory 
Established  at  Leicester,  England,  in  1800, 


Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory,  Waukegan,  Ill, 


1911 


THE  RXJRA.L,  NEW-YORKER 


411 


FIGURING  CEMENT  AND  SAND. 

M.  V.,  Perryman,  Md. — Will  you  advise 
me  the  number  of  barrels  of  cement  and 
the  quantity  of  sand  and  gravel  it  will 
take  to  build  a  wall  170  feet  long  and 
seven  feet  high?  This  wall  is  for  a  barn 
with  a  cow  stable  underneath,  and  I  shall 
leave  it  to  your  judgment  as  to  width.  I 
also  wish  to  put  a  cement  floor  in  an  old 
barn  cellar.  Will  you  give  me  the  amount 
of  material  necessary  to  do  that  job  also? 
Its  dimensions  are  60x30. 

Ans. — The  amount  of  material  to 
build  a  wall  of  this  size  will  be  about 
as  follows,  if  used  in  tbe  following  pro¬ 
portions  :  One  part  cement,  three  sand, 
seven  parts  gravel,  cement  50  barrels, 
l~l/2  tons ;  sand,  150  barrels,  gravel  350 
barrels.  The  wall  should  be  started  18 
inches  wide  and  battered  back  to  10 
inches  at  top  unless  the  building  is  ex¬ 
pected  to  carry  an  unusually  heavy  load; 
then  it  should  be  made  12  inches  at  top. 
The  batter  should  all  be  on  outside  or 
face  of  wall,  keeping  the  inside  perpen¬ 
dicular,  but  unless  building  material  is 
unusually  high  in  your  locality  I  would 
make  the  wall  half  that  high,  then  use 
an  under  frame.  With  matched  lumber 
the  height  of  basement,  you  could  save 
a  little  money  perhaps  and  still  have  a 
first-class  job  and  be  plenty  warm 
enough  for  cows  in  your  locality. 

For  the  barn  cellar  I  would  put  down 
a  mixture  of  the  same  proportion  1-3-7, 
five  inches  thick,  which  would  take  32 
barrels  cement,  96  sand  and  224  gravel, 
then  put  a  hard  surface  one  inch  thick 
on  top  of  one  part  cement  and  three 
parts  sand,  which  will  take  17J4  barrels 
cement  and  52  sand.  I  would  prefer 
the  ashes  from  an  electric  light  or  some 
large  plant  where  they  use  soft  coal  ex¬ 
clusively  for  fuel  instead  of  the  gravel 
for  your  floor;  it  gets  very  hard  and  I 
think  will  stand  better  than  gravel  where 
there  is  much  jar  or  tramping,  such  as  a 
cement  floor  of  that  kind  is  subject  to. 

W.  A.  B. 


STILL  ANOTHER  “HORSE  COMPANY.” 

I  had  a  very  broad  smile  when  I  finished 
reading  the  article  by  J.  Grant  Morse  in  a 
recent  R.  N.-Y.  with  regard  to  his  stallion 
investment,  but  if  his  outcome  proves  the 
same  as  mine  he  will  not  be  sorry  for  it. 
1  was  approached  in  the  same  way  by  the 
same  smooth  story,  and  bit,  and  paid 

$147.60  for  one-twentieth  interest  in  a 

$2,000  stallion,  that  being  on  accumulated 
interest  and  four  poor  endorsers  on  joint 
note,  leaving  16  endorsers  to  pay  the  total. 
The  stallion  was  kept  and  traveled  by  one 
of  the  stockholders  for  $200  per  annum,  he 
to  take  his  pay  from  service  money.  After 
seven  years  of  association  ownership  the 

horse  was  sold  at  auction  for  $275,  that 

being  about  enough  to  pay  the  last  debt  on 
the  original  purchase,  his  service  fees  just 
balanced  his  keeping,  he  being  about  a  20 
per  rent  foal-getter.  At  the  time  we  bought 
the  horse  I  had  two  fine  young  high-grade 
Percheron  mares,  and  there  being  no  choice 
of  stallions  in  my  vicinity  was  the  main  rea¬ 
son  for  my  investing.  My  first  colt  was  a 
stallion  which  has  proved  an  excellent  foal- 
getter ;  will  prove  near  75  per  cent  for  last 
season.  lie  weighs  1500  pounds  in  work¬ 
ing  order,  and  he  works  every  day  that  I 
have  use  for  a  horse  or  team,  both 
on  the  road  and  farm,  and  is  as  quiet  as 
any  gelding.  lie  will  stand  hitched  to  a 
tool  in  the  field  for  an  hour  at  a  time  with 
no  one  near,  and  will  do  his  own  part  in 
a  two,  three  or  four-horse  team.  Last 
year  he  was  hitched  on  the  mower  and 
worked  on  every  job  I  had,  even  to  the 
horse  fork,  where  he  would  unload  a  whole 
load  of  hay  without  a  driver,  only  by  word. 
Last  Spring  I  sold  four  colts  from  the 
old  stallion,  three  years,  four  years  and  five 
years  old,  for  $1,000.  Later  I  sold  a  wean¬ 
ling,  grandson  of  the  old  stallion,  for  $150, 
he  being  from  a  Brilliant-bred  stallion. 
I  now  have  a  stallion  and  two  mares  left 
out  of  the  deal. 

I  will  now  tell  of  my  bad  luck  in  breed¬ 
ing,  as  it  will  always  come  to  a  breeder. 
My  first  big  loss  was  one  of  the  original 
mares,  which  aborted  when  I  was  on  the 
road,  losing  a  pair  of  twin  colts,  she  dying 
a  week  later.  The  same  Winter  1  lost  a 
brood  mare  and  a  two-year-old ;  then  for 
three  years  the  other  mare  lost  her  colts 
from  one  cause  or  other,  all  being  different, 
so  it  can  be  easily  figured  that  without  the 
loss  I  could  have  nearly  $1,500  worth  of 
horses  at  the  present  time.  I  was  visiting 
the  late  Henry  Waldron  some  time  ago,  he 
being  a  breeder  and  seller  of  stallions,  and 
asked  if  the  business  of  selling  stallions  on 
the  association  plan  was  generally  satis¬ 


factory.  His  answer  was  that  it  was  more 
satisfactory  to  the  buyer  than  to  the  seller. 
He  said  the  greatest  trouble  was  with  the 
agent,  who  did  not  care  who  he  got  on  the 
notes  as  long  as  he  got  his  commission. 
Then  he  went  on  to  say  that  it  was  the 
greatest  good  to  the  horse  industry  of  any¬ 
thing  he  knew  in  putting  good  stallions  be¬ 
fore  the  public,  as  it  would  be  next  to  im¬ 
possible  to  sell  for  cash  and  do  any  amount 
of  business.  There  are  two  faults  in  buy¬ 
ing  these  stallions ;  one  is  the  high  price, 
of  which  a  great  share  is  the  expense  of 
selling,  which  amounts  to  about  40  or  50 
per  cent  of  the  selling  price.  The  other  is 
the  condition  the  horse  is  grown  in ;  the 
horse  docs  not  do  anything  but  grow  and 
put  on  fat.  It  is  not  unusual  to  see  a  ton 
stallion  on  a  1500  pound  frame.  Where 
the  stallion  is  in  that  condition  he  is  no 
more  fit  to  breed  than  a  fat  bull  or  boar 
that  has  been  shut  up  and  fed  all  he  can 
eat  without  any  exercise. 

My  advice  to  Mr.  Morse  and  all  the  rest 
who  have  “signed  up”  is  to  pay  their  little 
dividend  and  forget  it,  and  use  the  best 
mare  they  have,  and  unless  they  are  good 
ones  don’t  breed  them  at  all,  but  buy  a 
good  one  or  two  of  the  same  breed  as  the 
stallion,  but  don't  cross,  and  when  you 
have  a  two-year-old  filly  breed  her  to  the 
same  breed  if  you  have  to  go  50  miles  to 
find  a  suitable  stallion.  The  greatest  trou¬ 
ble  with  the  horses  in  our  locality  is  that 
they  are  promiscuously  bred ;  nearly  all 
have  some  standard  or  Thoroughbred 
blood.  Some  one  will  come  along  with  a 
good-looking  Clyde.  A  man  will  say  “there 
is  old  Molly  that  can’t  do  much,  so  I  will 
breed  her,  get  a  colt,  the  old  mare  can’t 
earn  her  keep  anyway,”  so  he  gets  his  colt, 
such  as  it  is.  Perhaps  when  the  colt  gets 


old  it  will  be  a  Percheron  that  takes  his 
eye,  so  he  crosses  again  and  he  will  have 
nothing  but  a  mongrel  in  the  end.  Up  in 
the  “thumb”  of  Michigan  are  raised  some 
of  the  best  horses  in  the  State,  and  the 
buyers  know  it  and  go  regularly  every  year 
to  pick  up  those  that  are  for  sale.  There 
they  can  find  very  uniform  type,  as  the 
breeders  have  their  favorite  breed  and 
breed  along  those  lines.  Pick  your  breed, 
stick  to  it,  keep  your  best,  sell  your  poor¬ 
est,  work  your  mares,  breed  young  and 
you  will  not  be  sorry  you  bit. 

Oakland  Co.,  Mich.  karl  tibbitts. 


STATE  MILK  COMMISSION.— The  Ways 
and  Means  Committee  at  Albany  will 
amend  the  Foley  bill,  providing  for  a  State 
Milk  Commission  to  regulate  the  price  of 
milk,  so  that  it  will  apply  only  to  New 
York  City,  instead  of  to  all  cities  of  the 
first  class.  In  speaking  for  the  measure 
at  a  hearing  before  the  committee  March 
8  John  B.  Coleman,  who,  as  a  Special 
Deputy  Attorney  General  under  Mr.  O’Mal¬ 
ley,  conducted  an  investigation  into  the 
milk  situation  in  New  York,  declared  that 
a  monopoly  for  the  purpose  of  fixing  the 
prices  of  milk  existed  in  New  York  City. 
He  said  the  relation  between  supply  and 
demand  and  prices  there  was  a  dead  letter. 
“Proof  cannot  be  obtained  under  the  pres¬ 
ent  anti-conspiracy  law,”  he  said,  “because 
the  dealers  do  not  enter  into  an  agreement 
to  raise  the  prices.  They  merely  meet  to 
discuss  the  business  situation,  and  the 
price  of  milk  then  goes  up.  The  dealers 
have  the  public  by  the  throat,  as  milk  is 
a  necessity.”  Mr.  Coleman  quoted  from 
several  decisions  to  show  that  it  was  within 
the  power  of  the  State  to  regulate  prices. 

“Do  you  think  that  the  time  has  arrived 


when  the  State  should  regulate  the  price  of 
all  monopolies?”  asked  Assemblyman  Mer¬ 
ritt. 

“I  do,”  was  the  reply. 

“What  do  you  consider  a  fair  price  for 
milk  in  New  York  City?” 

“When  sold  in  bottles,  seven  cents  in  the 
Summer  and  nine  cents  in  the  Winter.  At 
present  the  price  is  nine  cents  all  the  year 
around,  and  the  producer  receives  only  two 
and  a  half  cents.  The  margin  is  unfair  to 
both  the  producer  and  the  public.” 

In  speaking  for  the  bill  Assemblyman 
Foley,  the  introducer  of  the  bill,  said  that 
the  measure  had  been  misrepresented  to  the 
farmers.  They  had  been  led  to  believe,  he 
said,  by  the  big  milk  dealers,  that  the  price 
would  have  the  effect  of  reducing  the  price 
paid  to  them,  but  he  denied  that  it  would 
in  any  way  affect  them.  The  representa¬ 
tives  of  dealers  and  farmers’  associations 
spoke  against,  the  measure,  arguing  that  it 
was  not  feasible  to  regulate  prices  by  law, 
and  that  the  present  authorities  can  do  all 
that  should  be  done  in  the  supervision  of 
the  milk  business.  Those  who  spoke 
against  the  bill  included  ex-Assembl.vman 
Beverly  R.  Robinson,  representing  the  Bor¬ 
den  Condensed  Milk  Company,  of  New  York 
City  ;  .T.  R.  Stephens,  C.  N.  Kellogg,  of 
Cortland;  D.  C.  Culver,  of  Dutchess  Co.; 
Alfred  Ely  and  B.  E.  Brumley,  representing 
the  New  York  Sanitary  Milk  Dealers’  As¬ 
sociation. 


Skim  milk  is  being  served  to  Harvard  stu¬ 
dents  in  the  dining  hall,  according  to  Will¬ 
iam  A.  Graustein,  a  milk  contractor,  who 
was  a  witness  at  a  legislative  hearing  on 
the  milk  question  at  Boston  March  8.  Mr. 
Graustein  supplied  one  of  the  dining  halls 
until  March  1  last.  lie  said  that  he  knew 
that  his  statement  was  correct,  for  the  rea¬ 
son  that  the  steward  had  told  him  so  and 
also  from  his  own  bills.  One  of  the  lawyers 
present  at  the  hearing,  who  is  counsel  for 
the  Massachusetts  Milk  Consumers’  Associa¬ 
tion,  announced  that  he  would  bring  the 
matter  to  the  attention  of  the  Harvard  au¬ 
thorities.  • 


Special  Offer  to  Dairymen! 


$10.00  Blue  Prints 
of  the  Model  Dairy 
Barn — $  1  .OO. 

This  complete  set  of  six  blue  printsof 
the  Model  Barn  designed  for  the  Wis¬ 
consin  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  is 
for  a  barn  accommodating  24  cows,  7 
calves,  4  horses,  2  box  staffs,  bull  pen, 
hospital  stall,  feed  room,  silos,  etc. 
While  this  may  not  be  the  exact  size 
barn  you  intend  building  these  blue 
prints  embody  the  correct  principles 
of  lighting,  ventilation,  drainage,  ar¬ 
rangement  and  construction,  adaptable 
to  any  barn,  and  offer  many  valuable 
suggestions  to  any  one  planning  to 
build. 

To  readers  of  this  paper  we  will  send 
the  complete  set  of  blue  prints  for  $1.00; 
or  the  specifications  for  this  barn  for 
$1.00;  or  the  complete  lumber  bill  for  $1. 

If  you  order  all  three  at  one  time  we 
will  send  them  for  $2.50. 


Will  Save  You  Money  When  Building. 

secure  bids  from  contractors,  all 
figuring  on  identically  the  same 


By  having  the  lumber  bill  you 
can  secure  competitive  figures 
from  several  dealers,  all  on  the 
same  items;  thus  enabling  you  to 
learn  where  you  can  buy  your 
lumber  the  cheapest 
.  By  having  th  e  blue  prints,  speci¬ 
fications  and  lumber  bill  you  can 


barn,  thus  securing  you  the  rock- 
bottom  price  on  the  barn  erected 
complete. 

We  will  also  send  free  our  port¬ 
folio  of  interior  and  exterior  Views 
of  dairy  barns. 


James  Sanitary  Bam  Equipment 


.  Is  built  with  the  single  purpose  of  keep¬ 
ing  cows  clean  and  comfortable,  and 
making  barn  cleaning  easy.  It  consists 
of  »  completo  line  of  stanchions  and 
stalls,  costing  from  9oc  to  $12.00 
each,  bull  pens,  calf  pens,  box-stalls,  lit¬ 
ter,  feed  and  milk  can  carriers,  feed  truck, 
e  c. 

.  We  guarantee  even  our  cheapest  stanch¬ 
ions  equal  in  every  respect,  and  superior 
in  come  points  to  any  other  stanchion  on 
the  market  not  manufactured  by  us,  re¬ 
gardless  of  price. 


Pays  For  Itself. 


Dairymen,  however,  should  purchase 
the  James  Equipment  having  the  special 
patented  James  features,  because  these 
exc’usive  features  make  possible  clean 
stalls  and  clean  cows,  at  the  same  time 
saving  labor  and  feed  and  makingmoney 
sufficient  to  pay  for  the  equipment  wuh- 
m  a  year’s  time. 


The  Five  Patented  Features. 

The  Alignment  Device  adjusts  length 
of  stall  to  the  cow,  lining  cows  evenly  on 
the  gutter;  keeps  the  cows  clean. 

The  Sure-Stop  Swinging  Post  prevents 
the  cow  putting  her  head  in  the  wrong 
place. 

The  Chain  Lock  Open  Device,  together 
wi  h  the  Sure  -  Stop  Swinging  Post, 
makes  the  stall  cow-proo ’,  and  forces  the 
cow  to  put  her  head  in  the  stanchion. 
Saves  time  and  bother. 

The  Double  Chain  Hanger  makes  pos¬ 
sible  a  high  level  curb,  saving  labor  and 
material  when  building,  and  preventing 
waste  of  feed. 


The  Self-Cleaning  Individual  Manger 
saves  time  and  labor,  saves  feed  and  pre¬ 
vents  certain  injuries  to  cows;  manger 
raises,  trough  easily  swept  out,  and  used 
for  watering. 

Fu.l  information  given  in  catalog No.& 

Free  Barn  Plan  Service. 

Purchasers  of  James  Barn  Equipment 
get  free  a  service  for  which  architects 
charge  a  large  fee.  Our  experience  in 
design  ng  dairy  barns  makes  it  possible 
for  us  to  save  you  money  in  planning 
your  bam.  If  you  intend  building,  be 
sure  to  ask  for  information  regarding 
our  bam  plan  service. 


If  interested  in  Stalls,  Stanchions,  Bull 
Pens,  Calf  Pens,  or  Box  Stalls,  we  will 
send  you  book  No.  8. 

Ii  interested  in  Litter,  Feed,  or  Milk 


Two  Big  Valuable  Books  Free. 


KENT  MANUFACTURING  CO.  2130  Cane  St, 

jVpr& 


Can  Carriers,  or  Feed  Trucks,  we  will 
send  “Bam  Work  Made  Easy.”  Fill 
out  the  coupon  now  and  mail  it  to¬ 
day;  state  number  of  cows  owned. 


Ft.  Atkinson,  Wis. 


Kent 
Mfg.Co. 
2130  Cane  St 
Ft.  Atkinson. 
Wis. 

How  many  cows 

have  you? . 

Are  you  interested  in 
Stalls  and  Stanchions? 

Are  you  interested  in  Car¬ 
riers?.  . . 

Shal  1  we  send  Blue  Prints? ..... 
Specifications?.  .  .  Lumber  Bill?.  . 

I  enclose  $ . 


Name . 


Town , 


R.  F.  D. 


State 


412 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  25, 


CULL  POTATOES  FOR  STOCK  FEEDING. 

1.  What  do  you  consider  cull  potatoes 
worth  per  bushel  to  feed  to  milch  cow? 
What  do  you  consider  them  worth  to  feed 
to  horses  or  to  fatten  steer  and  hogs? 
Take  into  consideration  that  this  is  the 
only  succulent  feed  I  have.  2.  Give  me 
a  good  ration  for  milch  cows,  also  for 
fattening  steer.  I  have  clover  hay,  small 
potatoes,  corn  on  cob,  rye  and  oats. 

Pennsylvania.  E.  e.  h. 

1.  We  consider  potatoes  to  be  worth 
from  15  to  20  cents  per  bushel  for  cattle, 
horses  and  pigs,  the  value  varying  some¬ 
what  under  local  conditions  and  the 
comparative  prices  of  other  feeding 
stuffs.  For  cows  or  steers,  where  no 
other  succulent  food  is  available,  prob¬ 
ably  20  cents  per  bushel  would  be  a  fair 
price  for  potatoes.  They  should  be 
cooked  and  mixed  with  grain  to  give 
best  results  for  pigs.  This  is  unneces¬ 
sary  for  cattle  or  horses. 

2.  The  following  ration  for  milch  cows 

ought  to  give  good  satisfaction :  15 

pounds  clover  hay;  20  pounds  potatoes; 
two  pounds  corn  and  cob  meal ;  two 
pounds  ground  oats ;  four  pounds  bran ; 
one  pound  linseed  meal — figured  for  a 
1,000-pound  animal.  It  is  not  possible  to 
compound  a  first-class  ration  for  milch 
cows  from  the  feeds  which  you  have 
without  buying  some  concentrated  foods 
rich  in  protein.  We  would,  therefore, 
sell  the  rye  and  purchase  bran  and 
linseed  meal.  If  oats  are  at  a  premium 
for  horses  in  your  section,  some  of 
them  may  be  sold  to  advantage.  It  must 
be  borne  in  mind,  however,  that  oats 
are  worth  10  per  cent  more  than  bran, 
pound  for  pound,  for  cows.  If  you  have 
an  abundance  of  potatoes  to  dispose  of 
you  may  feed  more  than  20  pounds  per 
day  to  advantage.  If  your  supply  is 
limited  it  will  be  better  to  feed  a  com¬ 
paratively  small  amount  so  as  not  to  run 
out  of  succulent  food  entirely  before  pas¬ 
tures  are  ready.  Possibly  bran  and  lin¬ 
seed  meal  may  not  be  the  cheapest 
sources  of  protein  in  your  market;  in 
that  case  a  substitution  may  be  made. 

c.  s.  M. 


LAME  PIGS. 

For  a  number  of  years  I  have  wintered 
from  10  to  20  pigs  and  about  half  of  this 
number  get  stiff  and  lame  generally  in 
their  hind-quarters.  Sometimes  they  get  so 
bad  they  are  unable  to  come  to  the  trough 
to  eat,  and  consequently  do  not  grow,  and 
even  if  they  do  feed  they  do  not  grow 
nearly  as  well  as  they  should,  although 
they  seldom  die  from  the  trouble.  This 
Winter  they  seem  to  be  worse  than  ever. 
These  pigs  are  kept  three  in  a  place  so 
they  are  not  cramped  at  all.  I  never  let 
them  get  wet  or  dirty,  as  I  gave  them  clean 
straw  every  other  day  ;  also  they  are  on  a 
plank  floor.  They  are  feed  three  times  a 
day  on  middlings  mixed  up  in  warm  slop 
and  are  fed  no  corn  or  hard  feed  at  all. 
They  are  fed  all  the  soft  coal  they  will  eat 
up  clean  three  times  a  week,  for  grit.  The 
pens  are  fairly  warm,  but  lack  much  sun¬ 
light,  as  there  are  only  two  small  windows 
in  the  whole  large  pen,  and  it  is  quite 
dark.  I  had  another  lot  that  were  kept 
in  a  separate  pen  under  exactly  the  same 
conditions  as  the  ones  that  got  lame,  except 
they  had  plenty  of  light  and  none  of  this 
lot  ever  got  lame  and  did  exceedingly  well. 
I  might  say  I  never  have  such  trouble  with 
pigs  in  Summer,  or  with  heavy  hogs  or 
brood  sows  in  the  Winter.  These  lame 
pigs  actually  seem  to  shrink  in  weight  and 
seem  to  shrivel  up  to  a  shadow,  and  mean 
a  great  loss  to  the  feeder.  Could  you  give 
the  cause  and  cure  of  this  trouble,  or  better, 
still  a  preventive  of  it?  Would  you  con¬ 
sider  this  lack  of  sunlight  would  have  any¬ 
thing  to  do  with  it?  R.  H.  R. 

Probably  your  pigs  are  suffering  from 
rheumatism.  See  that  the  pens,  especially 
where  they  make  their  beds,  are  kept  dry. 
The  straw  should  be  changed  often ;  a 
little  dry  litter  is  better  than  a  lot  of 
damp  material.  If  the  cold  air  can  cir¬ 
culate  beneath  the  plank  floor  this  may  be 
a  cause  for  the  trouble.  Try  a  little  change 
of  feed,  one  part  of  corn  or  barley  meal 
to  four  parts  of  the  middlings  will  help 
to  keep  them  warm.  We  find  that  a  thick 
slop,  even  when  warm,  is  better  for  pigs 
in  cold  weather  than  too  much  drink.  I 
have  seen  pigs  forced  to  nearly  drown 
themselves  in  order  to  take  in  enough 
solid  food  to  keep  alive.  A  mixture  of 
salt  and  wood  ashes  helps  to  keep  the  di¬ 
gestive  organs  active,  and  a  few  roots  once 
a  day  are  very  beneficial.  Your  pen  un¬ 


doubtedly  needs  more  light.  Let  in  the  sun 
if  possible,  and  see  that  there  is  chance 
for  ventilation.  Dark  pens  are  very  apt 
to  be  damp  and  poorly  ventilated. 

C.  s.  M. 


The  Dairymen’s  League. 

The  “Dairymen's  League”  is  being  agi¬ 
tated  in  all  dairy  sections  and  seems  to 
offer  the  only  solution  to  the  question  of 
profitable  dairying.  This  League  has  the 
same  plan  of  action  practically  as  the  Cal¬ 
ifornia  Orange  Growers’  Association,  and 
we  all  know  what  that  association  does 
for  the  orange  grower.  The  Dairymen’s 
League  will  do  Just  as  much  for  the 
dairymen  if  they  will  only  organize  and 
get  interested,  and  here  in  our  section  of 
Sullivan  County  we  are  very  anxious  to 
do  our  bit  of  the  shouting  if  our  old 
standby.  The  R.  N.-Y.,  will  help  out  occa¬ 
sionally.  Henry  Vail  organized  a  local 
branch  of  the  League  at  a  public  meeting 
in  Liberty,  N.  Y.,  on  February  21.  He 
has  since  organized  branches  at  Blooming- 
burg,  Luzon,  and  Livingston  Manor,  so  that 
Sullivan  County  is  fairly  well  represented. 
We  belong  to  the  Liberty  Branch,  which, 
however,  is  yet  in  its  infancy  on  account 
of  the  small  attendance  at  the  public 
meeting,  where  about  160  cows  were  en¬ 
rolled  on  the  spot.  Then  I  took  the  sub¬ 
scription  blank  and  in  one  afternoon  se¬ 
cured  160  more  cows.  Now  several  more 
men  will  go  around  with  the  blanks  and 
as  we  are  planning  for  another  meeting 
with  some  good  speakers,  in  the  near  fu¬ 
ture,  I  trust  that  this  section  will  soon  be 
as  well  organized  as  Orange  County  is  at 
the  present  time.  Now,  a  word  on  milk 
prices.  You  quote  3%  cents  as  New  York 
Exchange  price.  IIow  is  it  that  we  don’t 
realize  anything  like  that  up  here?  We 
are  in  the  29-cent  zone,  I  think.  Before 
March  1,  we  received  at  the  Empire  State 
Dairy  Co.’s  creamery  at  Liberty,  $1.37 
per  can  of  40  quarts.  This  is  a  shipping 
station  on  the  Ontario  &  Western  R.  R. 
and  is  supposed  to  be  paying  New  York 
prices.  Since  the  first  of  the  month  the 
price  is  $1.17  per  can,  and  $1.12  at  their 
Stevensville  creamery,  four  miles  from  Lib¬ 
erty.  Just  think  of  it,  2%  cents  for  Win¬ 
ter  milk  that  probably  averages  four  per 
cent  butter  fat,  nine  cents  a  quart  to  the 
consumer !  Not  much  of  a  square  deal,  Is 
it?  IIow  is  it  that  we  are  not  getting 
the  New  York  quotation  price,  less  one- 
quarter  cent  for  cartage  to  railroad? 

Ferndale,  N.  Y.  e.  o.  m. 


Chorea. 

I  have  a  good  Scotch  collie  dog ;  he  has 
what  I  would  call  a  stroke  of  paralysis  in 
his  hind  quarters ;  cannot  control  his  hind 
feet  and  part  of  his  back.  Can  you  find 
out  what  I  must  do  for  him,  as  I  don’t 
want  to  lose  him?  MRS.  J.  P.  R. 

We  suspect  that  the  dog  has  chorea  (St. 
Vitus’  dance)  which  often  follows  distem¬ 
per  and  proves  practically  Incurable.  Give 
Fowler’s  solution  of  arsenic  in  increasing 
doses  commencing  with  three  drops  at  a 
dose  twice  daily  and  increasing  a  drop 
daily.  Go  back  to  first  dose  and  repeat 
when  any  adverse  symptom  is  seen.  Also 
give  emulsion  of  cod  liver  oil  twice  dally 
and  feed  well  on  nutritious  foods.  Let 
dog  live  out  of  doors  as  much  as  possible. 

a.  s.  A. 


Dr.  HESS  DIP 


and  Disinfectant 

— one  part  dip  to  70  of  water — meets 
the  United  States  Government  require¬ 
ment  as  an  official  dip  for  sheep  scab. 
It  has  proved  invaluable  to  American 
sheep  raisers  as  a  preventive  and  cure 
for  this  costly  disease. 

You  can  use  it  with  little  trouble 
and  absolute  certainty  of  good  results. 

Dr.  Hess  Dip  and  Disinfectant  de¬ 
stroys  the  germs  of  hog  cholera,  infec¬ 
tious  pneumonia,  foot  rot  in  sheep, 
and  all  forms  of  parasitic  diseases  on 
cattle,  poultry,  sheep  and  swine. 

One  gallon  makes  50  to  100  gal¬ 
lons  of  solution  ready  for  use. 

Write  for  Dip  Boob. 

DR.  HESS  &  CLARK,  Ashland,  Ohio. 


of  the  World’s 
Creameries  Use 


CREAM  SEPARATORS 

Ten  years  ago  there  were  a  dozen  different  makes  of  creamery 
or  factory  separators  in  use.  Today  over  98  per  cent,  of  the 
world’s  creameries  use  DE  LAVAL  separators  exclusively. 

It  means  a  difference  of  several  thousand  dollars  a  year 

whether  a  DE  LAVAL  or  some 
other  make  of  separator  is  used 
in  a  creamery. 

Exactly  the  same  differences 
exist,  on  a  smaller  scale,  in  the 
use  of  farm  separators.  Owing 
to  the  fact,  however,  that  most 
farm  users  do  not  keep  as  ac¬ 
curate  records  as  the  creamery- 
man,  they  do  not  appreciate 
just  what  the  difference  between 
a  good  and  a  poor  separator 
means  to  them  in  dollars  and 
cents.  Nine  times  out  of  ten 
the  farmer  can’t  tell  whether  or 
not  he  is  wasting  $50  to  $100  a 
year  in  quantity  and  quality  of 
product  through  the  use  of  an 
inferior  cream  separator. 

If  you  were  in  need  of 
legal  advice,  you  would  go  to  a 
lawyer.  If  you  were  sick  you 
would  consult  a  doctor.  If  you 
had  the  toothache  you  would 
see  a  dentist.  Why?  Because  these  men  are  all  specialists  in 
their  line,  and  you  rely  upon  their  judgment  and  skill.  When  it 
comes  to  buying  a  separator  why  not  profit  by  the  experience  of 
the  creameryman?  His  experience  qualifies  him  to  advise  you 
correctly.  He  knows  which  separator  will  give  you  the  best 
service  and  be  the  most  economical  for  you  to  buy.  That’s  why  98 
per.  cent,  of  the  world’s  creameries  use  the  DE  LAVAL  exclusively. 

There  can  be  no  better  recommendation  for  the  DE  LAVAL 
cream  separator  than  the  fact  that  the  men  who  make  the 
separation  of  milk  a  business  use  the  DE  LAVAL  to  the  practical 
exclusion  of  all  other  makes. 


THE  DE 

I66-Ifl7  Broadway 
NEW  YORK 


LAVAL  SEPARATOR  CO. 


£9  E.  Madiaon  Straal 
CHICAGO 


Drumm  &  Sacramento  Sta. 
SAN  FRANCISCO 


173-177  William  Stroat 
MONTREAL 


14  &  18  Princeaa  Straal 
WINNIPEG 


1018  Western  Avenue 
SEATTLE 


etterFanmng 

A  John  Deere 
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DEERE  &  COMPANY,  MOLINE,  ILL 


Removes 
Shoe  Boils 

Sloan’s  Liniment  is  the  best  remedy  for 
Spavin,  Curb  or  Splint,  Stiff  Joints,  Shoe 
Boils,  and  any  enlargement. 

IIEKE’S  PROOF. 

Mr.  Anthony  O.  Hiyer,  of  Oakdale,  Pa..  R.  F.  D.  1, 
writes:  —  “  Sloan’s  Liniment  is  the  best  made.  I  have 
taken  shoe  boils  of f  a  horse  with  It  as  big  as  a  water 
bucket.  I  have  killed  a  quarter  crack  on  a  mare  that 
was  awfully  bad.  I  also  cured  a  sore  neck  on  three 
horses  that  were  raw.  I  cured  greeee  heel  on  a  mare 
that  could  hardly  walk.  I  have  told  lots  of  people 
about  it  and  they  have  used  it.” 

SLOANS 

LINIMENT 

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1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


413 


LATE  SEEDED  RYE;  TIMOTHY  IN  SPRING 

C.  A.  G.,  Morristown ,  N.  J. — I  moved  on 
the  farm  in  September,  1910,  and  as  the 
place  was  very  much  run  down,  and  three- 
fourths  of  the  fields  in  bush  and  weeds, 
I  wanted  to  make  some  show  on  what  was 
open,  so  after  getting  in  about  two  acres  of 
very  doubtful  corn,  I  made  a  verbal  con¬ 
tract  with  a  neighbor,  that  he  should  plow 
and  seed  in  rye  and  Timothy  this  land, 
two  acres,  for  $16,  and  put  in  clover  in 
the  Spring.  He  plowed  once,  harrowed 
once  with  Acme  harrow,  then  tells  me  he 
put  in  the  rye.  I  did  not  see  it,  but  took 
his  word  for  it,  but  so  far  no  sign  of  any 
rye  has  come  up.  The  clover  I  have  on 
hand  for  seeding  in  the  Spring,  as  well  as 
the  Timothy  that  he  was  supposed  to  put  in 
with  the  rye,  but  put  off  till  so  late  that 
the  ground  jvas  frozen,  then  he  offered  to 
do  the  work.  Will  you  tell  me  what  will 
the  results  be,  if  in  the  Spring  I  harrow 
over  the  field  with  a  light  spike-tooth  har¬ 
row,  then  sow  in  the  clover  and  Timothy 
seed  with  drill,  harrow  lightly  again? 
Would  it  do  any  good  to  top-dress  the  field 
with  some  good  fertilizer?  I  have  a  large 
field,  about  eight  acres,  that  looks  as  if  it 
had  been  in  grass,  or  perhaps  better  say 
weeds,  for  several  years.  In  September 
this  field  was  covered  with  “white-root” 
weeds,  just  in  bloom,  and  I  had  an  under¬ 
standing  with  this  same  above-mentioned 
neighbor  to  go  in  and  cut  down  these  weeds 
with  machine  before  they  went  to  seed.  This 
was  never  done,  so  there  they  are  still 
standing.  What  is  the  best  way  to  get  rid 
of  them,  and  at  the  same  time  keep  the 
field  in  grass  for  this  year?  Would  it  do 
any  good  if  I  harrowed  the  field  lightly, 
then  top-dressed  with  good  commercial  fer¬ 
tilizer,  and  then  sowed  in  Timothy,  harrow¬ 
ing  again  lightly? 

A  ns. — The  rye  may  come  in  Spring 
and  make  a  fair  stand.  We  have  two 


make  a  good  start  with  the  plan  you 
mention,  but  the  Timothy  may  not  be 
satisfactory.  That  would  better  have 
been  seeded  in  Fall.  By  all  means  use 
fertilizer.  Select  a  brand  high  in  nitro¬ 
gen,  as  this  is  needed  to  force  the  rye 
and  grass.  You  will  not  get  rid  of  these 
weeds  until  you  kill  them  out  by  culti¬ 
vation.  Plow  and  plant  some  crop  that 


can  be  cultivated  both  ways  and  hoed. 
Using  fertilizer  to  get  rid  of  weeds  by 
forcing  grass  is  a  good  theory,  but  does 
not  practice  so  well.  We  have  not  been 


to  pay. 


Horse  Feeding  Advice, 

What  grain  should  I  feed  to  horses, 
weighing  about  1,000  pounds  each,  that  are 
working  moderately?  I  have  Timothy 
hay  for  roughage,  grain  at  the  following 
prices :  Oats  45  cents  a  bushel ;  cracked 
corn  $1.15  per  hundred ;  bran  $1.35  per 
hundred.  Ajax  flakes  $1.00;  cotton-seed 
meal  $1.60;  oil  meal  (old  process)  $2.10 
per  hundred.  c.  B.  H. 

Pennsylvania. 

A  good  grain  ration  for  horses  work¬ 
ing  moderately  can  be  made  by  mixing 
65  pounds  oats,  15  pounds  cracked  corn, 
15  pounds  Ajax  flakes  and  five  pounds 
oil  meal.  A  great  deal  of  the  success 
in  feeding  this  mixture  lies  in  the  way 
it  is  used  and  the  care  that  is  given 
the  horses.  A  horse  should  be  fed  the 
greater  part  of  the  hay  at  night,  with 
but  very  little  in  the  morning  and  at 
noon.  The  grain  ration  should  be  di¬ 
vided  into  three  feeds  a  day,  and  should 
be  given  regularly  at  the  same  time 
morning,  noon  and  night,  but  the  quan¬ 
tity  should  be  varied  according  to  the 
condition  a  horse  is  in  and  the  amount 
of  work  he  is  doing  each  day.  Ten 


plenty  if  horse  is  in  good  condition. 

C.  S.  G. 


Expensive  Ration. 

I  have  seven  cows,  three  of  them  fresh¬ 
ened  In  the  Spring  about  May,  and  four  in 
September  last.  I  expect  two  to  freshen 
in  Spring  about  May.  Two  of  the  fall  cows 
are  to  freshen  in  September  again ;  the 
rest  are  not  in  calf  yet.  I  am  only  getting 
50  quarts  of  milk  daily,  and  as  feed  is 
very  high  this  is  not  enough  to  pay.  Should 


such  cows  make  up  the  loss  in  the  Summer 
season?  I  feed  wheat  bran  and  middlings 
entirely,  bran  six  quarts,  middlings  two 
quarts  twice  daily,  mixed  into  a  slop  with 
hot  water.  I  add  a  tablespoonful  of  salt  at 
each  feed.  I  feed  all  the  hay  they  will 


cows  are  the  average  size,  mixed  breeds. 
I  lease  advise  if  you  think  the  cows  are 
poor,  or  if  the  feed  is  wrong. 

You  cannot  expect  average  cows, 
which  have  been  milked  from  six  to  10 
months,  to  give  milk  enough  to  pay  a 
very  great  profit  over  the  cost  of  feed 
at  this  time.  Your  ration  also  is  not 
well  suited  to  the  production  of  a  large 
flow  of  milk,  and  it  is  doubtful  if  it  would 
pay  you  to  change  it  materially  before 
your  cows  freshen  again.  If  you  can¬ 
not  find  a  ration  suited  to  your  require¬ 
ments  among  those  published  in  The 
R.  N.-Y.  from  week  to  week  we  will 
compound  a  ration  for  you  if  you  will 
furnish  a  list  of  your  available  feeding 
stuffs,  stating  what  kind  of  hay  or  other 
roughage  you  have  and  the  market  prices 
of  same.  This  information  is  necessary 
before  a  proper  formula  can  be  made. 

C.  S.  G. 

AILING  ANIMALS. 

Black  Teeth  in  Pigs. 

We  have  at  our  place  young  pigs  which 
are  failing  very  fast,  and  some  are  dead. 
We  saw  that  they  have  black  teeth.  Please 
give  us  future  advice.  e.  v. 

Connecticut. 

Black  teeth  do  no  harm  and  are  not  the 
cause  of  the  failure  to  thrive  or  of  the 
deaths.  Worms  are  more  likely  the  cause. 
See  treatment  for  same  in  back  numbers  of 
the  paper.  We  are  unable  to  prescribe, 
as  you  do  not  describe  symptoms,  post¬ 
mortem  lesions,  or  say  how  the  pigs  are 
fed  and  managed.  a.  s.  a. 

Horse  with  Tender  Feet. 

I  have  a  heavy  horse  which  I  bought  in 
the  city  about  three  weeks  ago.  He  was 
6old  to  me  because  he  had  tender  feet, 
but  I  found  out  that  the  tendons  in  his 
legs  seemed  to  be  strained.  His  front  legs 
bother  him  more  than  his  hind  ones,  and 


sometimes  he  trembles  with  his  front  legs, 
lie  is  only  a  young  horse.  Do  you  think 
limiment  would  fix  him  up  all  right?  Which 
is  the  better  of  these  two  liniments?  No. 
1.  One  pint  of  alcohol,  one-half  pint  vine¬ 
gar,  five  cent  lump  of  camphor  dissolved. 
No.  2.  Whites  of  two  eggs,  %  pint  of  tur¬ 
pentine,  %  pint  vinegar,  five  cent  lump  of 
camphor  dissolved.  h.  r. 

Pennsylvania. 

The  second  liniment  is  the  better  of  the 
two,  but  blistering  would  be  the  best  treat¬ 
ment.  Clip  off  the  hair  and  rub  in  cerate 
of  cantharides,  a  little  at  a  time,  for  15 
minutes,  then  tie  the  horse  up  short  so  he 
cannot  lie  down  or  bite  blistered  parts. 
Wash  the  blister  off  in  48  hours,  and  then 
apply  a  little  lard  daily.  Repeat  the  blister 
in  a  month  if  found  necessary.  a.  s.  a. 

Scours. 

I  have  a  two-year-old  Short-horn  bull 
that  has  something  like  scours,  and  have 
born  feeding  on  corn  stover,  clover  and  Red- 
top  hay  with  one-half  gallon  ground  wheat 
at  night.  Will  you  tell  me  what  to  do 
for  him  ?  g.  j.  s. 

North  Carolina. 

Stop  feeding  ground  wheat,  and  substi¬ 
tute  whole  oat,  bran  and  a  little  cornmeal. 
Scouring  is  merely  a  symptom  of  irritation, 
not  a  disease.  It  will  be  necessary  to  re¬ 
move  the  cause.  It  also  may  indicate  either 
far  advanced  tuberculosis  or  Johne’s  disease 
(chronic  bacterial  dysentery)..  Both  are  in¬ 
curable  and  contagious.  a.  s.  a. 

Tetanus. 

TIow  can  I  treat  a  case  of  tetanus  or 
lockjaw  in  a  mule?  I  am  having  lots  of 
trouble  with  that  tetanus  germ,  and  I 
would  like  to  know  how  to  manage  the 
case.  m.  s. 

West  Virginia. 

You  cannot  “manage”  it.  Treatment  is 
practically  useless,  and  fussing  and  dosing 
merely  hastens  death.  '  Prevention  is  all 
important  in  your  district.  Never  cover  a 
wound  with  a  salve  which  excludes  air. 
The  tetanus  bacillus  cannot  live  in  the 
presence  of  air.  Keep  wounds  open  and 
dress  often  with  a  1-500  solution  of  cor¬ 
rosive  sublimate.  This  tends  to  prevent 
the  disease.  When  a  horse  gets  a  nail  prick 
or  other  wound  lockjaw  may  be  success¬ 
fully  prevented  by  giving  a  hypodermic  in¬ 
jection  of  tetanus  antitoxin.  Any  gradu¬ 
ate  veterinarian  can  do  this  for  you. 


a.  s.  a. 


Consider  These  Feeds  in  the  Cow’s  Stomach 


fields,  seeded  late,  which  did  not  come 
up  last  Fall.  We  expect  to  see  the  fields 
well  covered  by  May.  The  clover  will 


quarts  of  the  above  mixture  is  enough 
for  an  average  1000-pound  horse,  and 
when  not  working  six  quarts  should  be 


able  to  thicken  a  stand  of  Timothy  by 

seeding  on  the  old  sod.  It  is  not  likely  clean  up  twice  daily,  and  water  just  after 

noon  with  cold  but  not  ice  water.  The 


I  lb.  Dry 


I  lb.  Moistened 


I  lb.  Dry 


I  lb.  Moistened 


1  lb.  Dry 


1  lb.  Moistened 


Corn  Meal 

This  and  the  illustration  following  show  a 
pound  of  Corn  Meal  and  Cottonseed  Meal  first 
dry  and  then  moistened.  Notice  that  the  water 
does  not  materially  increase  the  bulk;  the  feed 
remaining  in  a  tightly  packed  mass. 


Cottonseed  Meal 

Corn  Meal  and  Cottonseed  Meal  tightly 
packed  in  the  cow’s  stomach  interfere  with 
the  digestion.  Much  of  the  food  is  wasted, 
less  milk  is  obtained,  and  the  cow  is  liable  to 
lose  health. 


Dried  Beet  Pulp 

Notice  how  Dried  Beet  Pulp  swells  when 
moistened.  Uoosely  held  together,  the  gastric 
juices  circulate  freely;  it  is  digested  to  the 
utmost.  This  is  why  Dried  Beet  Pulp  means 
healthier  cows,  more  milk  and  more  profits. 


No  More  Need  For  Silage 

Use  Dried  Beet  Pulp  for  Succulence 

Dried  Beet  Pulp,  being  a  light,  bulky,  loosely-held-together  feed,  is  digested 
to  its  utmost  availability.  When  used  with  rich,  nutritious  but  solid  feeds  it 
loosens  up  the  entire  ration,  and  the  cow  digests  all  that  is  digestible;  all  the  Beet 
Pulp,  all  the  Cottonseed  Meal,  all  the  Corn — there  is  no  waste. 

Ibis  is  the  big  reason  for  Dried  Beet  Pulp,  and  why  it  is  in  a  class  by  itself. 
Its  greatest  value  is  obtained  when  fed  with  other  good  feeds  which  frequently 
pack  in  the  stomach  and  are  not  fully  digested.  Perfect  digestion  means  perfect 
health.  Perfect  health  means  the  greatest  milk  production  and  the  greatest 
profits.  Feed  Dried  Beet  Pulp  and  you  get  the  most  that  your  cows  can  give  you. 
The  cow  likes  her  beet  pulp  ration ;  she  keeps  healthy,  and  she  gives  milk  to  the 
limit  of  her  capacity. 

Diied  Beet  Pulp  is  a  better  food  than  corn  silage,  and  a  cheaper  food  than 
roots.  A  Dried  Beet  Pulp  ration  will  produce  10%  more  milk  than  a  silage 
ration.  It  contains  all  the  milk  making  materials  of  original  sugar  beets — only 
t  ie  sugar  being  extracted.  It  is  as  palatable  and  succulent  as  a  vegetable  food. 
Any  number  of  dairymen  who  are  feeding  Dried  Beet  Pulp  write  us  they  would 
not  go  back  to  tbeir  old  silage  feed  even  if  they  could  get  it  for  nothing. 

Dried  Beet  Pulp  loosens  up  the  ration  so  that  it  is  easily  digested.  It  all 
comes  back  to  you  in  the  milk  pail.  It  is  not  a  medicine— not  a  patent  food  or 
cure-all,  not  a  mixed  feed,  but  a  straight,  natural  vegetable  so  necessary  to  keep 
cows  in  first-class  condition. 


To  Dairymen  Everywhere 

East  of  Mississippi  River,  Except  in  States  of  Wisconsin  and  Michigan. 

Go  to  your  dealer,  show  him  this  advertisement,  tell  him  you  want  to  try  a 
sack  of  Dried  Beet  Pulp  at  our  risk.  Don’t  take  “no”  for  an  answer;  this  matter 
means  too  much  for  you  in  increased  profits.  Plere  is  our  proposition — it  involves 
no  risk  for  you  or  the  dealer. 

We  will  ship  your  dealer  (if  he  or  some  other  nearby  dealer  does  not  already 
carry  it  in  stock)  500  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp  so  that  you  can  try  one  sack.  If  after 
you  have  fed  it,,  the  cow  you  have  selected  has  not  increased  her  milk  production, 
we  authorize  the  dealer  to  return  to  you  in  full  your  purchase  price,  and  we  will 
in  turn  refund  to  the  dealer.  The  decision  in  the  matter  will  rest  entirely  with 
you ,  your  dealings  will  be  with  the  man  you  know  and  with  whom  you  trade. 

If  you  are  not  near  a  dealer,  or  your  local  dealer  will  not  send  for  this  trial 
order,  write  us  quick  for  direct  shipment  on  our  guaranteed  trial. 


To  Dealers  Everywhere 

East  of  Mississippi  River,  Except  in  States  of  Wisconsin  and  Michigan. 

Please  note  above  guarantee  and  govern  yourselves  accordingly. 


‘The  Larrowe  Milling  Company  DehXSffi 


4X4 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  25, 


FEEDING  PROBLEMS. 

Under  this  heading  we  endeavor  to  give  advice 
and  suggestions  about  feeding  mixtures  of  grains 
and  fodders.  No  definite  rules  are  given,  but  the 
advice  is  based  upon  experience  and  average 
analyses  of  foods.  By  ‘‘protein”  is  meant  the 
elements  in  the  food  which  go  to  make  muscle  or 
lean  meat.  “Carbohydrates”  comprise  the  starch, 
sugar,  etc.,  which  make  fat  and  provide  fuel  for 
the  body,  while  “fat’*  is  the  pure  oil  found  in 
foods.  Dry  matter”  means  the  weight  Of  actual 
food  left  in  fodder  or  grain  when  all  the  water  is 
driven  off.  A  ‘‘narrow  ration”  means  one  in  which 
the  proportion  of  protein  to  carbohydrates  is  close 
—a  "wide”  ration  means  one  which  shows  a  larger 
proportion  of  carbohydrates. 


A  Ration  for  Calves. 

Will  you  give  a  ration  for  young  calves 
(less  than  six  months)  which  will  be  better 
balanced  than  the  one  we  are  now  using? 
This  is  100  pounds  wheat  bran,  100  pounds 
wheat  middlings,  100  pounds  oil  meal,  100 
pounds  cornmeal.  We  have  been  feeding 
one  quart  per  day  with  what  hay  they 
will  clean  up,  but  I  think  now  they  are 
old  enough  to  need  more.  J.  H.  d. 

I  do  not  know  that  I  could  improve 
upon  the  ration  you  are  feeding  unless 
it  would  be  to  add  100  pounds  of  either 
whole  or  part  ground  oats.  By  feeding 
this  ration  properly,  that  is  giving  just 
enough  to  keep  your  calves  in  a  healthy, 
thriving  condition,  they  should  make  a 
very  satisfactory  growth.  Of  course  they 
must  have  good  care,  or  much  good  feed 
will  be  wasted.  It  pays  to  take  good 
care  of  the  young  stock  as  well  as  the 
milking  herd,  keeping  them  in  a  warm, 
light,  well  ventilated  stable  with  a  good 
dry  bed  of  straw  or  shavings  to  lie  on. 

c.  s.  G. 

Improving  the  Ration. 

Please  select  from  the  following  feeds  the 
best  and  cheapest  balanced  ration  to  feed 
for  the  production  of  milk.  Cotton-seed 
meal,  price  per  ton,  .$3(5 ;  Hector  grains, 
$34  •  Buffalo  gluten,  $28  ;  rye  grains,  $23  ; 
middlings.  $32 :  wheat  bran,  $29 ;  sucrene 
dairy  feed,  $2(5;  corn  and  cob  meal.  $22; 
wet  brewers’  grains,  16  cents  per  bushel ; 
mixed  hay,  $10  per  ton ;  corn  fodder,  00 
cents  per  stack.  I  can  buy  Biles  Beady 
Ration  for  $33  per  ton.  Will  the  Ready 
Ration  be  better  and  cheaper  than  a  ration 
I  can  get  from  the  above  feeds?  a.  n. 

New  Jersey. 

From  the  feeding  stuffs  named  and 
prices  given  you  can  do  no  better  than 
to  feed  the  Ready  Ration  mixed  with 
cotton-seed  meal  in  the  proportion  of 
about  4  pounds  of  the  Ready  Ration  to 
one  pound  of  cotton-seed  meal.  This 
will  give  you  an  excellent  ration  for 
the  production  of  milk.  I  cannot  judge 
the  value  of  your  corn  fodder  at  “60c 
per  stack,”  as  I  do  not  know  how 
large  the  stack  is  or  if  it  is  good  qual¬ 
ity,  but  unless  the  price  is  very  low 
you  will  probably  do  better  without  it 
and  just  feed  the  mixed  hay.  You 
will  notice,  however,  that  this  ration 
lacks  one  important  factor,  and  that 
is  succulence.  If  you  had  some  silage 
to  feed,  instead  of  hay  entirely  you 
would  have  a  much  better  ration.  In 
the  absence  of  silage  or  other  laxative 
feed  it  should  pay  you  to  feed  some 
dried  beet  pulp  soaked  and  mixed 
with  your  grain  ration.  c.  s.  G. 

Feeding  for  Yellow  Milk. 

Would  you  give  me  a  balanced  ration  for 
my  cows?  I  have  three,  weighing  from  900 
to  1,050  pounds,  and  all  giving  between  12 
and  14  quarts  daily.  I  have  to  buy  all  my 
feed,  and  these  are  the  prices  of  the  food 
stuffs  in  this  market:  Alfalfa  hay,  $22.50 
a  ton ;  Timothy  hay,  $23 ;  clover  hay, 
$18.50 ;  shucks,  $15 ;  oat  straw,  $14  ;  bran, 
$28 ;  middlings,  $28 ;  shorts,  $28 ;  cotton¬ 
seed  meal,  $35 ;  linseed  meal,  $50 ;  corn- 
meal,  75  cents  a  bushel ;  oats,  50  cents ; 
molasses,  20  cents  gallon ;  beet  pulp,  $27 
a  ton.  I  can  sell  all  my  milk  at  eight  cents 
a  quart,  and  my  customers  want  rich  yel¬ 
low  milk.  My  cows  are  all  Jersey  crosses 
and  last  Winter  gave  rich-looking  milk. 
This  Winter  I  am  feeding  Alfalfa  and  beet 
pulp,  and  the  milk  is  white  and  watery 
looking.  Can  you  suggest  a  way  to  im¬ 
prove  its  appearance?  c.  p.  D. 

Virginia. 


I  would  suggest  the  following  ration 
compounded  from  the  feeding  stuffs 
mentioned  as  being  well  adapted  for 


your  purpose: 

Digestible 

Dry 

Feeding  Stuff.  Matter.  Protein. 

Carbon 
and  Fat. 

5  lbs.  Alfalfa - 

4.00 

.55 

2.115 

15  lbs.  clover  hay 

12.75 

1.02 

5.94 

1  lbs.  cottonseed 
meal . 

.92 

.372 

.444 

2  lbs.  bran . 

1.70 

.244 

.906 

2  lbs.  cornmeal. . . 

1.78 

.158 

1.528 

4  lbs.  dried  beet 
pulp . 

3.704 

.272 

2.610 

25.514 

2.016 

13.549 

Nutritive  ratio,  1.5.2. 


There  should  be  a  good  profit  in  sell¬ 
ing  milk  at  eight  cents  per  quart  when 
feeding  the  above  ration.  The  quality 
of  the  milk,  or  more  properly  its  but¬ 
ter  fat  content,  is  governed  almost  en¬ 
tirely  by  the  individual  animal  from 
which  it  is  produced  and  the  length  of 
time  she  has  been  in  lactation.  It  is 
a  well  established  fact,  contrary  to  the 
belief  of  some  people,  that  the  feed 
given  a  cow  exerts  very  little  influence 
over  the  butter  fat  content  of  the  milk 
provided  she  is  always  fed  a  mod¬ 
erately  full  ration.  Of  course,  milk 


can  be  made  poor  by  starving  the  cow, 
but  that  is  another  matter.  The  feed, 
however,  exerts  more  or  less  influence 
over  the  color  of  the  milk,  and  to  get 
yellow  milk  I  would  recommend  feed¬ 
ing  yellow  feed,  like  cotton-seed  meal 
or  yellow  cornmeal.  Your  customers 
should  learn  that  it  is  not  always  the 
yellow  milk  which  contains  the  most 
butter  fat.  Good  well-fed  Jersey  cows 
ought  to  give  milk  that  would  satisfy 
the  most  critical  consumer  without  try¬ 
ing  to  color  it  with  yellow  feed. 

C.  S.  G. 

Peavine  Silage  with  Grain. 

Will  you  give  me  a  balanced  ration  for 
my  cows?  They  were  fresh  in  November 
last.  I  sell  the  milk.  I  have  cotton-seed 
meal,  cost  $35  per  ton  ;  oil  meal,  $38  per 
ton  ;  bran,  $20;  cornmeal,  $23.  1  have  oats 

I  can  have  ground,  but  they  are  worth  40 
cents  per  bushel.  I  can  get  Biles  XXXX, 
$32  per  ton.  What  can  I  leave  out  and 
have  as  good  results?  1  am  feeding  pea- 
vine  silage  from  a  canning  factory,  which 
I  feed  after  each  milking.  I  have  sweet 
cornstalks  that  I  feed  at  noon.  The  corn 
was  picked  and  canned.  1  have  nice  clover 
hay  that  1  give  them  about  4  o'clock  p.  m. 

New  York.  R.  a.  n. 

Here  is  the  analysis  of  a  balanced  ra¬ 
tion  compounded  from  some  of  the  feed¬ 
ing  stuffs  mentioned  that  ought  to  pro¬ 
duce  milk  very  economically  when  fed  to 
good  cows : 

Digestible 

Dry  Pro-  Carbs. 


Feeding  Stuff.  Matter. 

tein. 

and  Fat. 

30 

lbs.  peavine  silage. 

8.10 

.75 

4.23 

10 

lbs.  corn  stover.  .  .  . 

0.00 

.17 

3.4 

7 

lbs.  clover  hay . 

5.95 

.470 

2.772 

1 

lb.  cotton-seed  meal 

.92 

.372 

.444 

1 

lb.  wheat  bran.... 

.88 

.122 

.453 

2 

lbs.  cornmeal . 

1.78 

.158 

1.528 

2 

lbs.  Biles  XXXX.  . . 

1.84 

.490 

1.104 

25.47 

2.544 

13.931 

Nutritive  ration  1  :5.4. 


If  you  prefer  you  can  substitute 
ground  oats  in  place  of  the  cornmeal,  or 
you  could  mix  them  equal  parts.  For 
this  ration  you  have  to  buy  but  six 
pounds  of  grain  per  day  at  a  cost  of  8.55 
cents,  which  is  very  low  for  a  ration 
which  contains  practically  everything  for 
the  production  of  milk.  Many  grain  ra¬ 
tions  cost  from  10  to  15  cents  each,  sim¬ 
ply  because  the  roughage  supplied  does 
not  contain  the  proper  nutrients  or  is 
of  poor  quality.  Persons  situated  where 
they  can  make  a  good  quality  of  corn 
or  peavine  silage  certainly  have  a  great 
advantage  over  those  who  try  to  produce 
milk  on  an  exclusive  ration  of  dry  feed. 
The  production  of  clover  and  Alfalfa 
is  also  of  great  assistance  to  dairymen 
in  making  cheap  rations.  c.  s.  G. 

Hog  Ration ;  Fattening  a  Cow. 

1.  Will  you  give  me  hog  ration  from  fol¬ 
lowing  :  A1  grade  of  flour  sweepings  at  $14 
per  ton ;  wheat  bran,  $23  per  ton ;  oil 
meal,  $2.10  per  100;  beet  pulp,  $30  per 
ton ;  cornmeal,  $27  per  ton.  Can  I  use 
any  other  feeds  to  advantage?  1  can  get 
almost  anything  here.  2.  1  have  a  large 
cow,  not  in  calf,  is  dry.  I  can  sell  her 
now  for  $20,  would  bring  $40  or  more  if 
fat.  Would  it  pay  me  to  fatten  her?  If 
so  give  me  fattening  ration  ;  I  have  clover 
hay  in  addition  to  above  feeds.  G.  s.  M. 

New  Jersey. 

1.  Y’our  question  is  not  very  definite, 
as  a  ration  for  a  hog  at  one  stage  of  its 
growth  may  be  entirely  unsuited  for  one 
at  another  stage,  while  breeders  require 
still  different  feed  and  care.  After 
weaning  young  pigs  require  feed  for 
growth,  and  a  slop  made  of  wheat  mid¬ 
dlings,  soaked  ground  oats  and  wheat 
bran  answers  the  purpose  as  well  as 
anything  for  Winter  feed.  When  they 
have  started  to  eat  and  grow  nicely  it 
is  a  good  plan  to  feed  a  little  tankage 
cr  oil  meal  mixed  with  the  other  grain. 
Begin  with  a  very  small  amount  and 
increase  up  to  five  or  10  per  cent  of 
their  grain  ration.  About  twice  as  much 
oil  meal  can  be  given  as  tankage.  As 
the  pigs  grow  older  a  little  cornmeal 
should  be  added  to  the  ration,  gradually 
increasing  the  proportion  of  cornmeal 
until,  during  about  two  months  before 
marketing,  it  can  form  the  greater  part 
of  the  ration.  No  oil  meal  or  tankage 
is  required  during  the  fattening  period. 
A  good  quality  of  flour  sweepings  at  $14 
per  ton  ought  to  prove  to  be  profitable 
as  a  feed  for  growth,  but  my  experience 
with  such  feed  is  that  it  contains  so 
much  dirt,  hulls,  shucks  and  trash  of 
all  sorts  that  it  is  not  only  expensive 
but  positively  dangerous  as  a  feed  for 
swine.  During  warm  weather  of  course 
there  is  nothing  that  can  take  the  place 
of  good  pasture  as  a  feed  for  either 
growing  pigs  or  breeders.  I  do  not 
think  it  would  pay  to  feed  beet  pulp 
at  $30  per  ton  to  pigs  that  are  being 
prepared  for  market,  but  breeding  sows 
require  some  kind  of  green  feed  like  cut 
clover  or  Alfalfa  or  a  few  roots  of 
some  kind  during  the  Winter  months,  so 
it  would  be  a  good  plan  to  feed  them 
some  beet  pulp  in  the  absence  of  any¬ 
thing  cheaper. 

2.  If  your  cow  had  been  fed  properly 

she  would  have  been  in  good  condition 
for  beef  now,  but  under  ordinary  condi¬ 
tions  it  would  not  pay  you  to  try  to  fat¬ 
ten  her  up  now.  c.  s.  G. 


Trade  In  Your  Old  Separator 

This  year  we  shall  continue  to  make  an  allowance  in  trade  for  old 
separators  in  exchange  for  the 

United  States  Cream  Separator 

Thousands  upon  thousands  of  dairymen  have  taken  advantage  of  our 
offer  during  the  past  year,  and  this  year  will  probably  see  a  great 
increase  in  the  number  of  “  exchanges.” 

The  old  separators  are  of  no  use  to  us.  They  are  sold  for  old 
metal  to  junkmen.  But  every  United  States  which  supplants 
an  inferior,  worn-out  machine  is  another  “silent”  advertiser  of  the 
merits  of  the  United  States.  That  is  why  we  shall  be  glad  to  make 
you  a  liberal  allowance ,  so  that  you  may  know  what  the  best 
separator  is  like— and  tell  your  neighbors. 

To  owners  of  old  models  of  the  United  States  Cream  Separator  we 
make  the  same  liberal  offer.  The  old  models,  perfect  skimmers, 
durable  and  still  desirable  in  most  respects,  have  been  greatly  im¬ 
proved  upon  in  later  models,  especially  in  respect  to  easy  running. 

It  will  be  money  in  your  pocket  to  consult  a  U.  S.  agent  immediately. 

If  there  is  none  near  you,  write  to  our  home  office,  asking  for 
Catalogue  No.  159,  and  we  shall  attend  to  your  wants. 

The  United  States  holds  the  World’s  Record  for  skimming,  made  in 
50  consecutive  tests,  extending  through  30  days,  with  the  milk 
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at  Seattle,  1909. 

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You  Can  Train  Your  Colt  in  8  Hours  or 
Break  Your  Horses  of  Any  Bad  Habits 
by  Prof.  Beery’s  Simple  Methods 

Prof.  Jesse  Beery,  king  of  horse  tamers  and  trainers, 
has  retired  from  his  marvelous  career  in  the  arena  and 
Is  now  teaching  his  wonderful  system  by  mail  to  thou¬ 
sands  of  interested  horse  owners. 

Prof.  Beery  is  acknowledged  to  be  the  world’s  master 
horseman.  His  wonderful  exhibition  of  taming  fierce, 
man-killing  horses  and  conquering  horses  of  all  disposi¬ 
tions  have  thrilled  vast  audiences  all  over  the  world. 
He  can  teach  you  the  same  simple,  yet  marvelous, 
principles  which  have  brought  him  such  remarkable 
success,  so  that  you  can  take  the  most  vicious  horse 
and  subdue  him  in  a  few  minutes.  He  can  teach  you  to 
train  a  green  colt,  break  any  horse  of  bad  habits,  teach 
a  horse  to  drive  without  reins,  tell  the  disposition  of 
any  horse  at  a  single  glance,  train  him  to  do  difficult 
tricks  and,  in  fact,  gain  complete  mastery  over  any 
horse,  young  or  old. 

You  can  take  a  useless  and  dangerous  animal  and 
double  his  value  in  a  short  time  by  these  easy,  simple 
methods.  And  these  horses  will  be  cured  of  shying, 
kicking,  balking,  biting,  fear  of  automobiles  and  all 
other  bad  traits  forever. 

Prof.  Beery’s  lessons  are  simple,  thorough  and 


The  Only  Instruction 
of  Its  Kind  in  the  World 

Never  before  in  the  history  of  the 
world  has  there  been  offered  such  a 
wonderful  opportunity  as  this  —  a 
chance  to  learn  a  money-making 
fascinating  profession  right  at  home 
under  the  instruction  of  theacknowl 
edged  master-horseman  of  the  world 
If  you  love  to  travel,  to  give  exhibi 
tions,  to  train  your  own  and  neigh 
bors’  horses,  write  at  once  for  hand¬ 
some,  free  prospectus,  also  big  FREE 
CIRCULAR  of  the  Beery  Exhibition. 


practical. 

$1,200  to  $3,000  a  Year 

At  Home  or  Traveling! 

Competent  Horse  Trainers  are  in  demand  every¬ 
where.  People  gladly  pay  $15  to  $25  a  head  to  have 
horses  tamed,  trained,  cured  of  bad  habits,  to  have 
colts  broken  to  harness.  A  good  trainer  can  always 
keep  his  stable  full  of  horses. 

What  Prof.  Beery’s  Students  Are  Doing 

Breaking  horses  of  every  conceivable  habit,  no  mat¬ 
ter  how  long  standing  it  is.  Training  colts  to  be  ab¬ 
solutely  trustworthy  and  useful  in  8  hours.  Riding 
with  perfect  ease  and  control.  Training  horses  to  go 
all  the  saddle  gaits  and  do  fancy  steps.  Training 
horses  to  do  the  most  difficult  and  interesting  tricks. 
Telling  any  horse’s  disposition  at  sight — judging  a 
horse  right  the  first  time.  There  is  no  limit  to  what  a 
horse  can  be  taught  when  you  know  how. 


We  receive  hundreds  of  letters  like  the  following? 

J.  O.  Brown,  Cameron,  Mo.,  R.  R.  4..  writes,  ‘‘Last  month 
I  made  $90.00  training  colts,  besides  mv  regnlar  farm  work.” 

A.  W.  Bower,  Tipton.  Ind..  writes,  ‘‘You  have  made  me  a 
practical  colt  trainer,  have  all  the  work  I  can  do  and  make 
more  money  than  ever  before.” 

S.  M.  Rvder,  Mercersburg,  Fa.,  writes,  ‘  I  nm  making  money 
buving  3-vear-old  kickers  cheap,  handling  them  a  few  days  and 
selling  tliem,  perfectly  broken,  at  a  large  profit.”  . 

Levi  Smith..  Admire, 
Kans.,  R.  R.  2,  writes,  “I 
^  have  used  your  methods  on 

some  very  mean  und  vicious 
lift.  jpflft  horses  and  had  good  6UC- 

'WflV  cess;  broke  a  five  yenr-old 
-qjURlV  from  kicking  in  two  hours. 

The  owner  offered  to  soli  it 
JDfl  for  $75.00.  but  ufter  I 
m  m  •  trained  her  he  refused 
1  $176.00.” 


PROF.  JESSE  BEERY 

57  Academy  St.  Pleasant  llillf 


Ohio 


7,000  Satisfied  Graduates 

There  are  now  more  thnn  7,000  satisfied 
and  successful  Beery  graduates  in  all 
parts  of  tho  world.  They  are  reaping 
the  benefits  of  their  foresight  in  taking 
Prof.  Beery’s  wonderful  course.  They 
comprise  Farmers.  Professional  Horso 
Trainers.  Horse  Breeders.  Riding  Mas¬ 
ters,  Teamsters,  etc.  They  are  able  to 
pick  un  plenty  of  money  on  the  side 
practicing  what  Prof.  Boery  tnught  them. 
Why  not  become  one  of  them? 


Cut  Out  This  Coupon 
and  Mail  It  Today  I 


1911. 


THE  KURAL  NEW-YORKER 


41G 


The  Henyard. 


HOMEMADE  BROODER. 

I  made  a  homemade  brooder  like  the 
one  on  page  48  of  "The  Business  lien.”  It 
heats  ail  right,  hut  it  accumulates  gas  in 
the  lamp  box  and  causes  the  lamp  to  take 
Are.  How  would  you  get  rid  of  gas  in 
lamp  box  except  by  some  sort  of  chimney, 
as  the  plan  of  homemade  brooder  does  not 
tell?  w.  s. 

New  Cumberland,  Pa. 

It  is  not  the  “accumulated  gas  in  the 
lamp  box”  that  made  the  lamp  take  fire ; 
it  is  filling  the  lamp  too  full  of  oil,  and 
in  returning  it  to  the  box  care  must 
be  taken  to  carry  the  lamp  level,  or 
the  oil  will  overflow  on  top  of  the 
lamp,  and  with  the  wick  turned  up  high 
on  a  cold  night  the  oil  on  top  of  lamp 
will  sometimes  catch  fire.  But  I  am 
very  careful  to  see  that  there  is  no  oil 
on  top  of  the  lamp  after  it  is  placed 
in  the  brooder;  if  there  is,  I  carefully 
wipe  it  off.  As  to  gas  in  the  lamp  box 
(by  which,  I  presume,  he  means  the 
fumes  from  the  burning  oil),  I  either 
bore  three  or  four  one-inch  holes  in 
the  back  of  the  lamp  box,  just  below 
the  sheet  iron  or  leave  the  sliding  cover 
of  the  entrance  hole  for  the  lamp  partly 
open.  In  the  gable  ends  of  my  brood¬ 
er  house  are  large  holes  covered  with 
wooden  shutters  hinged  at  top ;  these 
are  held  open  by  a  stick,  and  a  draft  of 
air  across  the  top  of  the  house  takes 
out  whatever  fumes  there  may  be. 
There  is  a  great  difference  in  oil; 
only  the  best  should  be  used.  It  would 
be  a  good  thing  to  have  a  tin  pipe 
from  each  lamp  box  connected  to  a  long 
pipe  that  would  carry  the  fumes  out¬ 
doors.  GEO.  A.  COSGROVE. 


ALL  SIDES  OF  THE  CHICKEN  BUSINESS. 

‘‘When  the  doctors  disagree,  who  shall 
decide?”  S.  II.  Burton,  of  Indiana,  tells 
the  beginner  to  keep  away  from  the  chicken 
business  as  you  would  from  a  loaded  gun. 
W.  J.  Dougan  says  he  makes  more  money 
from  his  hens  than  the  dairyman  makes 
from  his  cows.  Gori  &  Son  say  they  made 
$120  from  12  hens  in  one  year.  James  E. 
Walter,  Jr.,  and  wife  evidently  have  hens 
that  give  them  good  returns,  as  they  are 
inclined  to  back  Mr.  Dougan  in  his  claims. 
All  this  in  one  number  of  The  It.  N.-Y. 
Should  we  look  over  old  files  we  would 
find  hundreds  of  statements  from  appar¬ 
ently  reliable  people — not  expert  poultry 
keepers  like  Mr.  Cosgrove  and  others,  who 
write  so  sensibly  on  the  subject  of  hens — 
who  tell  of  their  success  in  getting  a  real 
and  satisfactory  prolit  from  their  poultry. 
Then  wlmt  is  the  amateur  going  to  do 
about  it?  Mr.  Burton  warns  the  “begin¬ 
ner”  to  keep  away  from  poultry.  As  every¬ 
thing  terrestrial  has  a  beginning,  we  fear 
If  Mr.  Burton’s  advice  were  generally 
adopted  the  race  of  poultrymen  would  soon 
become  extinct. 

But  has  Mr.  Burton  been  entirely  fair  to 
the  hens?  Should  he  expect  four  hens  to 
pay  for  their  feed  and  that  of  a  cockerel 
and  also  a  forty-dollar  equipment?  Did 
his  fruit  pay  for  the  ground  and  buildings, 
the  Implements,  horses,  and  every  tiling 
necessary  to  carry  on  the  business,  the  first 
year?  Did  it  do  it  the  second  year,  or 
the  third  year?  It  has  yielded  $600  in 
cash  returns  in  the  three  years.  I  infer 
these  are  gross  returns.  If  expenses — not 
including  his  own  labor — are  deducted, 
what  per  cent,  of  profit  will  the  remainder 
show  on  the  total  investment?  I  am  not 
trying  to  minimize  the  profits  of  fruit 
growing,  or  making  any  attempt  to  show 
that  poultry  is  more  profitable.  I  merely 
wish  to  point  out  a  seeming  discrepancy  in 
Mr.  Burton’s  method  of  figuring  the  re¬ 
turns  from  his  poultry.  Growing  fruit  is 
his  principal  business.  Other  enterprises 
are  incidental,  and  most  fruit  growers 
usually  find  it  convenient  and  profitable  to 
carry  on  some  kind  of  work  in  connection 
with  their  fruit  growing.  Poultry  and  bees 
are  frequently  recommended  as  two  excel¬ 
lent  side  lines.  If  one  or  both  fails  to 
return  a  reasonable  profit,  it  is  not  busi¬ 
ness-like  to  waste  time  with  them.  But 
as  some  people  evidently  do  meet  with 
success  in  both  poultry  and  bee-keeping, 
we  should  know  the  factors  that  contrib¬ 
ute  to  or  insure  that  success.  I  like  the 
appearance  of  Mr.  Burton's  peach  trees,  and 
his  rows  of  strawberries  give  me  the  im¬ 
pression  that  he  knows  how  to  grow  that 
“best  of  all  fruits.”  You  see,  I  am  doing 
a  little  In  that  line  myself ;  have  about 
18  acres  of  strawberries  to  bear  this  year, 
besides  a  few  acres  of  other  small  fruits, 
and  I  know  when  a  strawberry  row  “looks 
good.”  Mr.  Burton  will  succeed  in  this 
work — no  doubt  about  it.  While  the  grow¬ 
ing  of  small  fruits  is  my  principal  busi¬ 
ness,  I  also  make  a  tidy  sum  from  my 
poultry  each  year.  Certainly,  I  should 
want  a  flock  to  furnish  eggs  and  meat  for 
my  own  table,  if  nothing  more ;  and  I 
would  expect  both  to  cost  me  less  than 
if  I  bought  them  as  needed. 

I  figure  that  the  $19  worth  of  young 
stock  Mr.  Burton  raised  gives  him  a  profit 
of  over  15  per  cent,  on  the  capital  invested 
in  buildings,  fences  and  appliances,  after 
deducting  cost  of  feed.  Did  he  not  get 
any  more  eggs  than  were  necessary  to  hatch 
45  head  of  young  stock?  If  not,  his  four 
hens  have  certainly  broken  no  records  for 
heavy  laying.  Then  what  about  the  other 
cockerels  that  were  hatched?  Were  the 
losses  confined  principally  to  the  male 
side  of  the  chick  family,  or  has  Mr.  Bur¬ 
ton  actually  and  truly  discovered  a  method 
by  which  he  can  each  and  every  time  hatch 
over  80  per  cent  of  pullets?  If  so,  let 
him  leave  the  lucrative  business  of  fruit 
growing  and  the  seductive  but  fatal  allure¬ 
ments  of  poultry-keeping  to  those  who  have 
to  be  satisfied  with  small  things,  and  seek 
the  help  of  the  printer  in  getting  out  a 
2x4  pamphlet  to  launch  another  “system” 
on  the  heads  and  purses  of  a  defenceless 
public  that  is  now  so  busy  discussing  reci¬ 
procity  that  they  may  not  take  the  trouble 
to  dodge. 

But  I  take  it  that  Mr.  Burton  is  sincere 
in  his  belief  that  poultry-keeping  is  not 
apt  to  be  a  profitable  side  line  for  him, 
and  perhaps  it  would  not.  If.  Mr.  Bur¬ 
ton  or  anyone  else  is  not  adapted  to  this 


work,  or  if  for  any  reason  he  cannot  give 
it  the  same  attention  to  details,  apply  econ¬ 
omy  in  management,  and  use  the  same 
careful  business  methods  that  are  neces¬ 
sary  to  success  in  any  line  of  work,  bet¬ 
ter  accept  the  advice  that  he  gives  and 
keep  away  from  it  as  from  a  loaded  gun. 
My  experience  in  fruit  growing  prompts 
me  to  suggest  to  Mr.  Burton  that  there 
are  rocks  and  shoals  ahead  in  this  busi¬ 
ness  that  he  may  strike  sometimes — late 
frosts,  grubs,  blight,  and  other  insect  pests 
and  fungus  diseases,  that  will  keep  him  on 
the  alert,  and  call  forth  the  qualities  that 
are  necessary  to  win  success  in  any  line  of 
human  endeavor.  J.  c.  nicholls. 

Macon  Co.,  Ill. 


Fried  Oats. — In  a  recent  R.  N.-Y'.  G.  W. 
McL.  tells  of  feeding  oats  fried  in  fat.  How 
does  he  fry  them?  J.  L. 

I  use  any  good  clean  grease,  such  as 
pork  (fresh  i  fat,  the  grease  that  can  be 
obtained  when  cooking  corn  beef  or  sausage 
fat,  etc.  I  take  one  peck  of  oats  and 
cover  with  scalding  water  and  let  them 
stand  till  the  water  is  soaked  up.  Then 
to  every  two  quarts  allow  one  cup  of  hot 
fat.  I’ut  fat  in  spider  and  when  hot  pour 
in  the  oats  and  stir  thoroughly.  Feed 
while  hot.  Even  if  there  arc  more  oats 
than  needed  at  one  time  they  will  be  good 
any  time  as  long  as  they  are  used  in  hot 
fat.  G.  w.  MCL. 

Referring  to  an  article  on  page  148,  en¬ 
titled  “Business  Hens  and  the  Census,”  by 
R.  N.  G.,  will  say  the  same  conditions  exist 
here  in  western  New  Y’ork.  Will  note  one 
case  :  Mrs.  A.  owned  a  small  place  less  than 
three  acres,  kept  a  horse,  cow  and  hens, 
raised  berries,  fruits  and  vegetables,  from 
which  was  sold  for  cash,  nearly  $300.  The 
enumerator  said  his  instructions  were  to 
take  no  notice  whatever  of  places  of  less 
than  three  acres.  Surely  Uncle  Sam  is  a 
corker !  On  same  page  A.  C.  W.  asks  for 
remedy  for  egg  eating  by  hens.  I  think  it 
a  bad  plan  to  give  them  egg  shells.  Some 
roast  the  shells  as  a  preventive ;  of  course, 
that  is  all  bosh.  W.  E.  W. 

New  York. 

After  reading  the  account  on  page  148  of 
J.  E.  W.’s  three  White  Wyandotte  pullets,  I 
concluded  to  send  in  account  of  my  own. 
I  am  breeding  White  Wyandottes,  and 
this  is  a  record  of  36  one-year-old  hens,  and 
commences  with  December  1,  1909 ;  up  to 
this  time  I  had  kept  no  account,  but  was 
prompted  by  the  heavy  laying  to  do  so. 
From  December  1,  1909,  to  July  1,  1910, 
these  36  hens  laid  6,572  eggs,  or  an  average 
of  31  eggs  per  day  for  a  period  of  seven 
months.  During  July  and  August  I  only 
got  87  eggs  ;  September,  94  eggs ;  October, 
347  eggs,  and  November,  817  eggs,  making 
a  total  of  7,917  eggs,  or  an  average  of 
219  11-12  eggs  per  hen  for  the  year  (De¬ 
cember  1,  1909,  to  December  1,  1910). 

Maine.  G. 

Nest  Making. — It  is  a  popular  belief 
that  the  hen  that  steals  her  nest  is  more 
likely  to  bring  off  a  good  hatch  than  the 
hen  that  has  been  regularly  “set”  by  the 
poultry  keeper.  That  may  or  may  not  be 
true ;  but,  at  any  rate,  the  nest-stealing 
hen  often  has  a  great  advantage  over  the 
other  sort  in  being  able  to  build  her  own 
nest  to  suit  herself.  She  picks  out  a  quiet, 
sheltered  place  to  lay  her  eggs  and  hatch 
her  chicks,  where  she  thinks  she  will  be 
free  from  intrusion  and  she  makes  a 
flattened,  shallow  nest  that  she  can  enter 
or  leave  easily  at  will ;  very  different  from 
the  deep,  cup-like  nests  that  poultry  keepers 
so  often  make,  where  the  eggs  are  crowded 
together  to  be  easily  broken ;  where  the 
hen  is  unable  to  turn  her  eggs  properly ; 
where,  when  hatching  Degins,  the  chicks  are 
apt  to  slip  down  to  the  bottom,  to  bo 
stepped  on  and  killed  by  the  hen.  There 
is  a  great  deal  of  poor  nest  making  among 
poultry  keepers.  w.  r.  f. 

As  our  readers  know,  we  argue  that  as 
population  increases  the  meat  supply  from 
larger  animals  will  not  keep  up.  Then  our 
people  will  bo  obliged  to  depend  more  and 
more  upon  poultry  products.  This  very 
thing  has  happened  in  Germany.  Consul 
Frank  D.  Hill  reports : 

“Owing  to  the  short  supply  of  meat  In 
Germany  and  resulting  high  prices,  imports 
of  poultry  have  greatly  increased.  During 
the  first  10  months  of  1910  Germany  im¬ 
ported  6,761,027  geese,  10,445  tons  of  chick¬ 
ens,  1,870  tons  of  ducks,  and  281  tons  of 
pigeons.  During  the  first  10  months  of 
1909  the  following  quantities  of  poultry 
were  Imported  :  6,029,253  geese,  8,964  tons 
of  chickens,  1,851  tons  of  ducks,  and  253 
tons  of  pigeons.” 

Russia  is  the  chief  source  of  supply.  That 
country  sent  Germany  5,820,000  geese,  3,544 
tons  of  chickens  and  1,100  tons  of  ducks  in 
one  year. 


Modern  Silage 
Methods 


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Digging  asphalt  from  Trinidad  Lake 


A  roof  is  only  as  good 
as  its  waterproofing. 

Knowing  this,  will  you  buy 
the  covering  for  your  roof  on 
its  “looks”  alone,  and  not 
know  what  it  is  made  of? 

Genasco 

the  Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt  Roofing 

is  waterproofed  entirely  with  nat¬ 
ural  asphalt.  In  Trinidad  Lake 
this  asphalt  has  resisted  blazing 
sun  and  terrific  storms  for  hun¬ 
dreds  of  years.  It  has  natural  oils 
that  give  it  lasting-  life  in  a  roof 
despite  the  buffeting-  of  rain,  snow, 
sun,  wind,  heat,  cold,  and  fire. 

Man  has  tried  to  make  lasting 
waterproofers — and  always  failed. 
Ordinary  ready  roofing's  show  you 
what  happens.^  They  are  made 
of  mysterious  ^compositions”  or 
coal  tar;  and  they  soon  crack, 
break,  leak,  and  go  to  pieces.. 
Yet  as  for  looks,  they  are  mighty 
good  imitations. 

The  life  and  backbone  of  Genasco  is 
Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt — the  natural 
everlasting  waterproofer— a  n  d  that 
makes  Genasco  last. 

'  Genasco  is  made  with  mineral  and 
smooth  surfaces.  Guaranteed,  of  course. 

The  Kant-leak  Kleet  waterproofs  the 
seams  of  roofing  thoroughly  without  the 
use  of  smeary  unsightly  cement,  avoids 
nail-leaks,  and  gives  the  roof  an  attrac-, 
tive  appearance.  j 

Ask  your  dealer  for  Genasco  Roofing,  with 
Kant-leak  Kleets  packed  in  the  roll.  Write  us 
for  the  Good  Roof  Guide  Book  and  samples. 

The  Barber  Asphalt 
Paving  Company 

Largeflt  producers  of  asphalt,  and  largest 
manufacturers  of  ready  rooting  in  the  world, 

Philadelphia 


New  York  San  Francisco  Chicago 


Cross-section  Genasco 

Stone-surface  Roofing 

Gravel 

Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 
Asphalt-saturated  Wool  Felt 
Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 
Asphalt-saturated  Wool  Felt 

*1#  *4.  j  *r 

t  Y -W,!  F"  *1 1  ^  ■-iP-’'  ixf' 

GREEN  MOUNTAIN 

SILOS 

Three  bearings  all  around 
each  door  like  a  safe  or  re¬ 
frigerator  door.  Hoops  are 
stronger  than  others.  Staves, 
doors  and  fronts  soaked  in 
preservative  if  you  wish. 

Green  Mountain  Silos  differ 
from  other  round  silos. 

Free  catalogue  gives  details. 

Post  card  will  bring  it. 

CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MFG.  CO., 
338  West  Street,  Rutland,  Vt. 


THE  UHADILLA  SILO 

IllWivP 

®  IS  THE  SENSATION  OF 

THE  AGRICULTURAL  WORLD 

IlHpii 

Because  it  has  an  adjustable  door 
front  to  and  from  doors. 

Because  no  hammer  is  needed  to 
release  doors. 

Because  doors  can  be  unlocked,  moved 
in  frame  and  relocked  SOtimesa  minute. 

Write  for  catalogue  describing  the 

1 

ill 

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above  features  and  testimonials,  and 
our  “TWENTY-FIVE  REASONS.” 
s  We  also  manufacture  Farm  Water 

L  Tubs  and _are  New  England  representa- 

lion  to  quote  low  prices  upon  receipt  of  inquiry. 

1  Extra  discount  for  early  orders.  Agents  wanted. 

THE  UNADILLA  SILO  CO.,  Inc.,  Box  B,  UNAOILLA,  N.  Y. 

Continuous-Opening,  Braced 
Door  -  Frame,  Permanent 
Ladder,  Interchangeable 
Doors,  Lightest  and 
Tightest  Doors. 
Strongest  Hoops, 
Best  Materials, 
Three  Styles,  Five 
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ber,  a  hundred 
other  advan¬ 
tages.  All 
described 
in  our 
Cata¬ 
log. 


Our 
Silo 
Catalog 
contains 
the  latest 
Information 
about  Silos. 

We  invented 
the  Modern  Silo 
and  have  led  the 
way  in  improve¬ 
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largest  variety  of 
styles  and  sizes.  Send 
for  our  catalog  of  Silos 
and  Silo  Fillers.  “The 
kind  Uncle  Sam  uses.” 

Harder  Mfg.  Company 

BOX  I  I  COBLESKILL,  N. 


£1  INTERNATIONAL 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOR 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 
GUARANTEED  MONEY-SAVING 


SILOS 


strongest  built,  simplest  to  put  up  and  easiest  operated 
on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take- up  hoop- 
continuous  open-door  front — air-tight  door  and  per* 
manent  ladder  are  some  of  the  unusual  features.  T1»r 

Iatoraational  Blln  Cn..  113  Main  St..  LinetrillB. 


ACTIVE  WORKERS  CAN  COVER  A  LARG  FIELD 


WITH  OUR  RAPID  CONSTRUCTION. 
WRITE  FOR  CATALOGUE 

CEMENT  SILO  CO.  KALAMAZOO  MICH 


FREE  TO  FARMERS 

A  Valuable  160-page  book  entitled 

“SILO  PROFITS” 

Written  by  200  of  the  most  successful 
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the  W orld.  ffif*  Every  fanner  in 
America  should  read  tills  book,  and 
as  Ion  g  as  our  supply  of  these  books 
last  we  will  mail  one  copy  free  to  fii1! 
each  person  asking  for  It.  It  gives 
theactual  experience  of  these  farm-  „ 
era  and  in  their  own  words.  I 

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INDIANA  SILO  COMPANY 
318  Union  Building,  Anderson,  Indiana 


IToves  that  you  lose  big  proilts  till  you  get  a 
Lansing  Silo.  Read  what  Experiment  Sta¬ 
tions  say.  Head  aboutsuperior  ma¬ 
terials  we  use.  Then  you’ll 
know  why  mosteareful. money¬ 
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Lansing  Silos  ' 

Mad#  of  Soft  Cork  Pino  and  7  other  good 
woods.  Stool  Hoop#  ami  Draw  Lugs,  Continu¬ 
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at  once.  Mai  1  postal  now  for  our  book .  Address 
Severance  Tank  &  Silo  Co., 

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Dept 


'■‘ROSS  SILO 


The  only  thoroughly  manufactured 
Silo  on  the  market.  Full  length  stave. 
Continuous  door  frame  complete  with 
ladder.  Triple  beveled  silo  door  with 
hinges.  Equipped  with  extra  heavy 
hoops  at  bottom. 

AIR  TIGHT 

Makes  winter  feed  equal  to  June 
grass.  THE  ROSS  will  more  than  pay 
for  itself  in  one  season.  Write  to¬ 
day  for  catalog  which  gives  facts  that 
will  save  you  money.  Agents  wanted. 

The  E.  W.  Boss  Co.(Est.l850) 
Box  13  SVKlXUFIELD.  OHIO 


Dairymen  Don’t  Doubt 

that  feeding  silage  to  cows  increases  the  flow  of  milk  and  decreases  cost  of  mainte 
nance.  It  has  been  proven  time  and  again.  Nor  do  those  who  have  tried  it  doubt  that 
the  world’s  greatest,  most  convenient  and  profitable  machine  to  use  is  the 

PAPEC  matic  Ensilage  Cutter 

Competitive  tests  have  demonstrated  that  the  PAPEC  will  cut  and  elevate 
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ensilage  cutter.  It  “throws  and  blows”  over  50  feet  without  clogging. 

Easy  to  operate ;  fed  from  ground ;  never  clogs  or  gets  out  of  order.  Cast 
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Our  new  book,  “How  to  Prepare  Ensilage,”  will  interest  every  dairy 
man  and  farmer.  W rite  forit — FREE.  Agents  wanted  in  unoccupied  territory 
PAPEC  MACHINE  CO.,  Box  10,  Shortsville,  N.  Y 
25  Distributing  Points  in  ine  U.  S. 


416 


March  25, 


A  “  FROST-PROOF  ”  HEN. 

1  note  that  on  page  186  you  speak  of 
efforts  that  are  being  made  to  develop 
what  may  be  called  a  “fur-coated’’  hen, 
or  a  frost-proof  hen,  that  lays  a  white 
egg,  and  you  say  “It  will  be  a  mixture 
of  several  breeds.”  Now,  why  a  mix¬ 
ture  of  several  breeds  when  there  is  a 
breed  ready  at  hand  that  meets  all  the 
requirements?  That  breed  is  the  Hou- 
dan,  an  old  well-established  breed.  The 
Houdan  has  a  small  comb,  V-shaped, 
and  lying  close  to  the  head.  They  are 
covered  with  a  coat  of  close,  heavy 
feathers  that  effectively  keeps  out  the 
cold,  and  they  have  fur  caps  on  their 
heads,  for  so  we  may  term  the  close 
compact  crest  that  is  found  on  the  head 
of  a  well-bred  Houdan.  This  crest,  and 
the  heavy  beard  and  muffling  of  the 
Houdan,  gives  a  good  deal  of  protection 
to  the  comb  and  wattles  of  the  birds, 
so  that  they  are  practically  frost-proof. 
This  same  crest  has  been  in  many  cases 
considered  a  drawback,  as  it  was  said 
to  hold  the  dampness  after  the  birds  had 
been  out  in  the  rain,  and  so  cause  colds, 
roup,  etc.  It  is  found,  however,  that  the 
crest  of  a  bird  dries  out  as  fast,  and  in 
fact  faster  than  do  the  other  feathers, 
and  that  dampness  of  the  crest,  is  not 
any  more  liable  to  cause  colds  than  is 
the  dampness  of  other  feathers  on  a 
bird.  It  has  also  been  said  that  the 
crest  is  a  disadvantage  to  the  birds,  as 
on  account  of  the  crest  they  are  more 
liable  to  being  killed  by  hawks,  and  other 
marauders.  But  our  experience  is  that 
even  when  birds  have  full  range,  and  in 
a  country  where  hawks  arc  plenty,  we 
lose  no  more  Houdans  than  we  do  other 
breeds.  The  young  Houdan  can  get  out 
of  the  way  of  a  hawk  as  fast  as  the 
chicks  of  any  other  breed.  But,  if  a 
man  is  breeding  the  Houdan  for  utility 
purposes,  and  thinks  that  a  large  crest 
is  a  disadvantage,  it  is  easy  enough  to 
breed  for  a  smaller  crest,  or  if  he  has  a 
bird  with  a  rather  large  crest,  that  he 
thinks  may  interfere  with  the  bird’s 
sight,  take  a  pair  of  shears  and  trim 
it  off. 

The  writer  can  speak  of  the  Houdan 
as  a  fowl  for  a  cold  climate,  for  in  this 
section  of  Maine  we  have  had  as  cold 
weather  this  Winter  as  has  been  experi¬ 
enced  anywhere  in  the  Eastern  States. 
Several  mornings  it  has  been  20  below 
zero,  and  has  kept  well  below  zero  all 
day.  Our  henhouse  has  had  the  win¬ 
dows  partly  open  all  the  time,  both  day 
and  night,  and  we  have  never  had  a 
Houdan  with  comb  or  wattles  touched 
with  the  frost,  and  this  has  been  bur 
experience  for  the  several  years  that 
we  have  bred  the  Houdan.  During  these 
years  we  have  kept  for  sitters  both 
Plymouth  Rocks,  and  Wyandottes,  for 
the  Houdan  is  a  strictly  non-sitter.  Both 
the  Rocks  and  the  Wyandottes  are  con¬ 
sidered  as  being  nearly  frost-proof,  but 
we  have  had  combs  and  wattles  frozen 
time  after  time  in  the  case  of  the  Rocks, 
and  wattles  touched  with  frost  and 
wattles  frozen  in  the  Wyandottes.  This 
is  especially  true  in  the  case  of  the 
Wyandotte  males.  Nearly  every  male  of 
that  breed  we  have  kept  has  had  his 
wattles  frozen  at  some  time  during  the 
Winter.  The  Houdans,  however,  have 
kept  right  on,  singing,  working  and 
laying,  no  matter  how  low  the  ther¬ 
mometer  was.  So  we  must  admit  that 
the  Houdan  is  “fur-coated”  and  further 
more,  that  it  is  “fur-capped.”  There¬ 
fore  it  is  doubly  “frost-proof.”  The 
Houdan  is  also  a  layer  of  white  eggs, 
large  chalk-white  eggs  at  that,  an  egg 
that  catches  the  eye  wherever  seen.  The 
Houdan,  too,  if  bred  with  that  end  in 
view,  is  a  splendid  layer,  and  as  she  at¬ 
tends  strictly  to  business  when  once  she 
starts,  and  as  she  never  wants  to  lay  off 
for  a  while,  and  hatch  out  a  brood  of 
chickens,  she  lays  a  goodly  number  of 
eggs  in  the  course  of  the  year. 

The  question  is  asked,  “If  the  Houdan 
is  such  a  good  fowl,  so  suitable  for  egg 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


farming  in  cold  climates,  and  such  a 
good  layer,  why  are  they  not  kept  to  a 
much  greater  extent?”  To  this  I  would 
answer  that  there  are  two  reasons  why 
they  are  not  more  popular.  First,  be¬ 
cause  they  are  different  from  most  other 
fowls.  People  see  that  they  have  a 
fifth  toe,  and  a  prominent  crest,  and 
jump  to  the  conclusion  that  as  they  are 
“different”  they  must  have  altogether 
different  treatment.  Secondly,  because 
of  the  methods  of  one  or  two  breeders 
of  the  Houdans,  and  the  unscrupulous 
way  in  which  they  have  exploited  the 
breed.  Absurd  claims  have  been  made 
as  to  the  number  of  eggs  they  will  lay 
in  a  year,  claims  that  a  whole  flock  has 
averaged  250  to  275  eggs  each  per  year; 
that  individual  hens  have  laid  over  300 
eggs  in  year,  and  so  forth.  Then  when 
people  have  bit  at  this  bait,  and  have 
sent  a  long  price  for  a  trio  or  pen  of 
these  wonderful  fowls,  they  have  in 
many  cases  received  nothing  whatever 
for  their  money,  and  in  some  cases 
when  at  last,  after  much  threatening  or 
legal  proceedings,  they  have  received 
fowls  that  are  entirely  worthless,  worse 
than  scrubs.  Or  they  have  sent  big 
prices  for  eggs,  from  “Hen  No.  So-and- 
so,  record  299/  eggs  in  her  pullet  year;” 
when  they  received  the  eggs  they  care¬ 
fully  set  them,  waited  the  due  time,  and 
at  last-  found  that  they  had  a  few  Leg¬ 
horns,  or  some  mongrels  of  no  particu¬ 
lar  breed.  In  connection  with  this  I 
am  glad  to  say  that  The  R.  N.-Y.  ex¬ 
posed  the  person  who  was,  and  is  per¬ 
haps  the  worst  offender  in  this  respect, 
more  than  two  years  ago,  and  that  at  a 
time  when  most  of  the  regular  poultry 
papers  were  accepting  his  advertising, 
and  giving  him  free  reading  notices. 
Crooked  methods  of  this  kind  have  given 
the  breed  a  big  setback,  a  setback  which,, 
if  the  breed  had  not  actual  merit  back 
of  it,  would  have  buried  it  completely. 
But  instead  of  being  buried  it  is  daily 
becoming  more  popular,  more  and  more 
people  are  taking  up  the  Houdan,  for  a 
utility  fowl,  for  eggs  and  meat,  as  well 
as  for  a  bird  for  exhibition  purposes. 
The  American  Houdan  Club,  which 
stands  for  “the  square  deal”  in  the 
Houdan  fancy,  and  in  the  case  of  its 
members,  “sees  that  the  papers  fit  the 
bird,”  has  now  146  members;  40  of  these 
have  been  added  during  the  past  three 
months.  I  claim  that  in  the  Houdan 
we  have  a  “frost-proof,”  “fur-coated,” 
"fur-capped”  breed  that  lays  large  white 
eggs,  and  lots  of  them,  and  hold  that 
there  is  no  use  of  going  to  work  to 
add  one  more  to  the  already  long  list 
of  varieties,  when  there  is  already  a 
standard  breed  that  in  every  way  fills  the 
bill.  JAMES  ABERNETHY, 

Secy.  American  Houdan  Club. 


CLOVER  SILAGE. 

I  noticed  that  some  one  inquired  about 
clover  for  silage.  In  the  Summer  of 
1S8C  my  father  had  a  field  of  Red  pea- 
vine  clover.  The  weather  was  not  favor¬ 
able  for  curing  it  for  hay.  He  told  the 
men  to  put  it  in  a  silo.  It  was  put 
through  the  cutting  machine,  packed  in 
the  silo  and  weighted  down.  In  the 
Fall  I  went  to  the  silo,  took  off  the 
weights  and  took  up  two  sections  of 
the  cover.  The  silage  had  not  been  well 
packed  in  the  corners,  so  that  a  little 
air  had  got  in  and  it  was  rotted  about 
IS  inches  each  way.  I  forked  this  out 
and  found  the  silage  perfect  two  feet 
from  the  top.  I  picked  up  several 
clover  blossoms  from  the  center  that 
were  a  bright  pink  and  as  fresh  as  the 
day  they  were  put  in  the  silo.  The  rot¬ 
ten  silage  with  a  little  good  was  thrown 
out  in  the  yard  and  in  five  minutes  it 
was  all  cleaned  up  by  the  cattle.  A.  d. 

New  York. 


“Lend  a  hand,  Hiram,  and  help  ketch 
the  selectman’s  pig.”  “Let  the  select¬ 
man  ketch  his  own  pig.  I’m  out  of  poli¬ 
tics  for  good.” — Washington  Herald. 


Largest  Poultry  Farm  In  U.  S.,  Angola,  N.  Y.,  covered  with  J-M  ASBESTOS  ROOFING 


HOW  ANY  FARM  ER  CAN  SAVE 
HUNDREDS  OF  DOLLARS 


As  you  know,  from  experience,  it  doesn’t  take  long  for  a  leaky  roof 
to  spoil  a  good  many  bushels  of  corn,  mildew  a  lot  of  hay,  or  damage 
expensive  machinery  by  rust. 

Stock  is  harder  to  keep — more  feed  required — in  damp  quarters  under 
a  leaky  roof  than  when  always  snug  and  dry. 

Sparks  and  embers  from  a  nearby  fire  are  very  liable  to  set  fire  to 
buildings  covered  with  an  inflammable  roofing. 

And  nearly  all  roofings  have  to  be  painted  every  two  or  three  years. 

Thus,  a  roofing  made  of  perishable,  inflammable  materials  is  apt  to 
cause  you  to  lose  hundreds,  perhaps  thousands,  of  dollars — is  sure  to  cause 
you  much  unnecessary  trouble  and  expense  you  could  save  by  covering 
your  buildings  with  J-M  Asbestos  Roofing — the  practically  everlasting 
stone  roofing.  This  roofing  is  permanently  leak-proof.  It  never  needs 
a  single  cent’s  worth  of  paint.  And  even  if  surrounding  buildings  burn 
to  the  ground,  it  can’t  affect  this  roofing,  for  a  flame  intense  enough  to 
melt  iron  will  not  burn  it. 

J-M  Asbestos  Roofing 

Won’t  Burn — Won’t  Rot  nor  Rust — Needs  no  Painting 

There  are  hundreds  of  buildings  today  on  which  J-M  Asbestos  Roof¬ 
ing  has  withstood  the  storms  of  fifteen  to  twenty-five  years — withstood 
the  beating  rains  and  scorching  sun  of  summer,  and  the  snow,  winds, 
freezing  and  thawing  of  winter. 

The  reason  J-M  Asbestos  Roofing  is  practically  indestructible  is  because  it  is  literally 
made  of  stone.  Its  base  consists  of  several  layers  of  pure  Asbestos  Felt.  And  Asbestos, 
you  know,  is  a  fire-proof,  rust-proof,  rot-proof  rock  or  stone. 

We  cement  these  layers  of  stone  felt  together  with  Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt— the 
mineral  cement  which  in  street  pavements  stands  the  grinding  of  wheels  and  the  pound¬ 
ing  of  hoofs  for  thirty  to  forty  years. 

J-M  Asbestos  Roofing  is  sold  by  most  dealers.  If  not  at  your  dealer’s,  our  nearest 
Branch  will  supply  you  direct— also  apply  it,  if  desired. 

Give  us  your  address  and  we’ll  send  you  a  book  which  clearly  explains  the  big  differ¬ 
ence  between  J-M  Asbestos  Roofing  and  other  roofings.  We’ll  also  include  a  sample  of 
the  curious  Asbestos  Rock  from  which  this  roofing  is  made. 

Write  now  for  sample  of  crude  Asbestos  and  our  Book  No.  K  48 


BALTIMORE 

BOSTON 

BUFFALO 

CHICAGO 


H.  W.  JOHNS-MANVILLE  CO. 

•ASBESTOS 


Toronto,  Ont. 


SEE"”  ASBESTOS  K  ££“* 

DETROIT  LONDON  MILWAUKEE  PHILADELPHIA 

KANSAS  CITY  LOS  ANGELES  MINNEAPOLIS  PITTSBURG 

For  Canada— THE  CANADIAN  H.  W.  JOHNS-MANVILLE  CO.,  LTD. 

^Innlraal  G ..  a  Ilf! at  "IT. 


SAN  FRANCISCO 

SEATTLE 

ST.  LOUIS 

1360 


Montreal,  Que. 


Winnipeg,  Man. 


Vancouver,  B,  C. 


Cattle  Barn,  State  Imbecile  Asylum,  Morgans,  O..  covered  with  J-M  ROOFING  in  1898 


CHARTER 


IF  YOU  ARE 
SATISFIED  THE 

IS  0.  K.  we  expect  to  servo 
you;  if  not,  let  us  satisfy 

you  by  Proof. 

Stationeries,  Portables,  Etc. 

Want  our  Catalog? 
State  your  power  needs. 

CHARTER  GAS  ENGINE  CO.. 
Box  28,  Sterling,  III.,  U.  S.  A. 


WANTFIl- Agents  to  selPFarmers’  AceountBook. 
YtHII  I  L U  Indorsed  by  Farmers.  Big  Inducements. 
Act  quick.  Address,  L.  L.  SYPHERS,  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. 


INSURE  YOUR  ROOF 


Make  your  roof  last  until  the  wood  or  the 
slate  crumbles  with  age, 

By  using  “MIFCo”  nails  which  are  in¬ 
sured  against  rust  by  a  heavy  zinc  coating. 

To  coat  each  hundred  pounds  of  “  M 1  FCo  ” 
twelve  pounds  of  pure  zinc  are  used. 

This  heavy  zinc  coating  makes  “  MIFCo  ” 
nails  practically  indestructible. 

Moisture,  exposure,  even  salt  air  cannot 
affect  them. 

Work  done  with  these  nails  lasts  twice  as 
long  as  work  done  with  thinly  coated  nails. 

“  MIFCo  ”  nails  cost  a  little  more  at  the 
start  but  it’s  economy  to  use  them  for  all 
exposed  work. 

it  is  the  only  way  you  can  insure  the  far 
more  costly  work  of  roofing,  fercing,  etc. 

Owners’  stories  and  the  nails  themselves 
prove  these  nails  have  been  in  use  on  roofs  for 
twenty-nine  years. 

Yet  these  shingle  nails  today  are  as  free 
from  rust  as  on  the  day  driven. 

Think  what  this  long  record  means  to  you. 
Then  specify  these  nails  for  all  exposed  work. 

Hardware  dealers  have  them  in  all  sizes, 
both  iron  cut  and  wire,  but  if  yours  is  not  sup¬ 
plied  write  us  for  the  name  of  your  nearest 
dealer,  and  for  booklet. 

MALLEABLE  IRON  FITTINGS  CO.,  Branford,  Ct. 


YOUNG  MEN  WANTED  to  learn 

VETERINARY  profession.  Catalogue 
free.  Grand  Rapids  Veterinary 
College,  Dep.15,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


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It  gives  you  the  real  reasons  why  Galloway, with 
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Waterloo,  Iowa 


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/ 


1911. 


THK  RURAL  NEW-VORKER 


41 7 


HENYARD — Continued. 


Dipping  Eggs  to  Prevent  White  Diarrhoea. 

I  understand  that  poultryincn  are  dip¬ 
ping  their  hatching  eggs  in  a  solution  of 
creoiin  before  putting  into  the  incubator  or 
under  the  hen,  the  object  being  to  kill 
the  germs  of  white  diarrhoea.  Is  this  treat¬ 
ment  to  be  recommended?  J.  a. 

We  have,  I  am  sure,  demonstrated  to 
the  satisfaction  of  New  England  poul- 
trymen  that  the  type  of  this  disease 
among  young  chicks  caused  by  Bacter¬ 
ium  pullorum  is  the  type  commonly 
known  as  white  diarrhoea.  We  have 
further  demonstrated  that  the  original 
source  of  infection  is  the  ovary  of  the 
mother  hen,  a  certain  proportion  of  the 
eggs  produced  from  such  liens  being  in¬ 
fected  with  the  organism  in  question, 
and  chicks  hatched  from  such  infected 
eggs  are  almost  certain  to  have  the 
disease.  We  have  not  been  able  to  find 
Bacterium  pullorum  on  the  shell  of  the 
eggs  or  in  the  white,  but  invariably  find 
it  in  the  yolk.  Now  if  the  foregoing 
statements  are  true  it  naturally  follows 
that  any  method  of  disinfection  which 
deals  merely  with  the  surface  of  the  egg 
will  utterly  fail  to  destroy  the  organism. 
I  fully  believe  in  a  thorough  disinfec¬ 
tion  of  the  incubator  by  the  use  of 
creoiin,  or  any  of  the  similar  substances 
sold  under  various  trade  names ;  I  see 
no  reason  why  any  harm  should  come 
from  washing  the  shells  of  the  eggs 
with  similar  solutions  or  with  alcohol; 
but  so  far  as  we  know  at  the  present 
time  this  does  not  have  any  effect  on 
Bacterium  pullorum  located  in  the  yolk, 
the  only  place  we  have  found  it  in  fresh 
eggs  up  to  the  present  time.  Dr.  Rettger 
and  myself  are  busy  working  on  manu¬ 
script  for  a  second  bulletin  dealing  with 
white  diarrhoea  of  chicks,  and  this  pub¬ 
lication  we  hope  to  have  in  print  very 
shortly.  I  feel  confident  that  it  will 
mark  another  step  _  in  advance  in  the 
fight  against  this  chicken  scourge.  Our 
1911  experiments  are  well  under  way, 
and  we  are  already  getting  some  most 
interesting  material,  f.  h.  stoneburn. 

Conn.  Agricultural  College. 


That  Village  Flock. — “The  Village 
1  amily,”  page  294,  should  surely  buy  the 
yearlings  (and  a  male),  and  raise  some 
ihieks.  Don't  monkey  with  baby  chicks 
and  disappointments.  We’ve  seen  it  tried 
and  saw  results.  front  yard  hex  max. 


When  I  started  I  bought  one  F.  Rod 
hen  of  unknown  age,  set  her  twice  oi 

Brown  Leghorn  eggs,  at  a  total  cost  o 
less  than  .152.  In  the  Fall  I  had  a  hoi 
for  soup,  several  young  cockerels  for  food 
and  more  than  a  dozen  hens  that  lay  nice 
ly  during  the  Winter.  My  coop  was  8x8 
and  yard  12x12.  In  the  Spring  the  soi 

was  dug  out  of  the  coop  and  vard  fo 

the  garden,  and  replaced  by  about  si: 

Inches  of  fresh  soil  from  the  garden, 
had  no  sick  chickens.  c.  f  h 

Vistula,  Ind. 


The  Village  Flock.— My  advice  is  to 
start  with  the  hens  and  a  rooster,  if  you 
can  buy  at  the  right  price.  I  started  with 
eight  hens  and  a  rooster ;  had  plenty  of 
eggs  for  a  family  of  five,  sold  chickens  to 
the  value  of  $31.10  and  have  a  flock  of 
.58  hens  to  go  on  this  Summer.  I  would 
not  advise  to  buy  eggs  for  hatching  un¬ 
less  you  know  from  whom  you  are  buying, 
and  what  success  other  people  have  had 
from  the  same  dealer,  as  I  bought  two  sit¬ 
ings  and  placed  them  in  an  incubator  with 
18  of  my  own  eggs,  marked  them  February 

nay  own  I  marked  8  for  the  same  time, 
and  got  17  chicks ;  all  marked  February  8 
were  still  there,  not  hatched,  while  one  egg 
marked  8  was  the  only  one  not  hatched. 
I  also  hatched  out  30  geese.  As  to  hatch¬ 
ing  in  May,  it  depends  when  your  chickens 
want  to  hatch  ;  if  March  or  April  so  much 
the  better.  If  you  have  no  experience 
with  chicks,  you  would  do  best  with  hens 
hatching  them,  but  one  thing  be  particu¬ 
lar  about ;  give  them  plenty  of  fresh  water, 
and  several  times  a  day,  and  thoroughly 
scald  your  drinking  fountain  out  every  day. 
Result  from  chickens:  December.  1910  117 
eggs;  January,  232.  February,  230.  while  I 
have  nine  late-hatched  pullets  that  have 
not  laid  an  egg  those  three  months. 

Elkwood,  Pa.  w.  s. 

I  am  much  interested  in  W.  .T.  Dougan’s 
hens  as  compared  with  cows,  and  have  no 
doubt  of  their  making  good.  Why  is  it 
that  the  hen  men  are  always  compelled  to 
prove  their  statements,  sometimes  twice 
over,  while  the  cow  men  become  indignant 
if  they  are  asked  to  prove  theirs  once?  Is 
it  because  they  are  afraid?  I  have  kept 
cows  for  a  number  of  years,  and  that  is 
.the  only  reason  I  can  think  of.  F.  m.  h. 

Reynoldsvillc,  N.  Y. 

The  IIex  Womax. — I  want  to  figure  a 
little  for  the  woman  who  has  started  a  hen 
farm  on  page  10.  An  able-bodied  woman 
should  be  able  and  expect  to  do  her  own 
housework  and  take  care  of  154  birds  with¬ 
out  any  help.  If  she  cannot  do  more  than 
that  she  should  stay  out.  If  she  is  board¬ 
ing  two  men  for  what  they  can  do  for 
1:>4  hens,  her  wage  cost  is  way  up,  at 
least  $9  per  week  ;  besides  that  she  is  run¬ 
ning  her  boarding  house  at  a  big  loss. 
Board  for  three  people  at  $4.50  is  $13.50. 
Loss  on  boarding  house  $0.50,  plus  her  owrn 
work.  She  must  learn  to  live  much  cheaper 
than  that,  or  she  could  never  make  a  liv¬ 
ing  on  any  farm  in  New  England. 

J.  L.  deax. 

Profits  ix  Eggs. — Last  November  I  pur¬ 
chased  11  hens,  five  Black  Orpingtons  and 
remainder  mixed.  My  niece  and  myself 
built  a  small  house  for  them  5xG  feet; 
roost  on  one  end  elevated  two  feet  so  hens 
could  have  all  the  floor  space.  They  have 
a  very  small  yard  adjoining.  In  about  a 
week  they  began  laying,  and  have  laid 
abundantly  and  continuously  all  the  cold 
winter  so  far.  I  kept  no  account  of  num¬ 
ber  of  eggs  till  February,  and  the  two 


weeks  beginning  February  1  shows  the  fol¬ 
lowing  eggs  each  day :  8,  8,  0,  G,  8,  9,  8, 
5,  8,  8,  8,  7,  10,  7  ;  a  total  of  106  eggs  for 
the  14  days.  People  tell  me  this  is  a  good 
record.  They  have  had  just  good  care  and 
no  fussing.  People  about  here  with  large 
flocks  report  few  eggs.  I  attribute  success 
to  the  having  a  small  flock  only  together. 
Right  here  I  want  to  ask  if  anyone  has 
thoroughly  tested  number  of  hens  that  do 
best  together?  By  all  I  have  observed  and 
read,  small  lots  in  confinement  do  far  the 
best,  but  how  small?  Will  six,  10,  15,  20, 
25,  30,  40,  50,  or  more  afford  best  profit? 
Which  number  is  most  desirable  to  keep  in 
a  yard?  If  anyone  has  tested  it  let  them 
speak  up.  If  no  one.  has  it  seems  to  me 
it  would  be  a  most  important  thing  to  do. 
I  have  no  doubt  millions  of  dollars  are  lost 
by  overcrowding  the  yards.  Let  us  find 
out  for  a  certainty  the  number  most  profit¬ 
able  and  then  proclaim  it  abroad. 

New  York.  a.  t.  cook. 

Every  pound  of  hen  manure  should  bo 
saved  for  the  garden.  Consul  Masterson 
of  Ilarput  tells  how  watermelons  as  large 
as  flour  barrels  are  grown  in  the  country 
which  he  represents:  “This  land  is  plowed, 
and  in  each  hill  where  the  seeds  are  planted 
a  quantity  of  pigeon  manure  is  mixed  in 
with  the  earth.  There  are  people  in  Di- 
arbekir  engaged  in  breeding  pigeons  for  no 
other  purpose  than  to  sell  the  manure  to 
the  melon  growers.”  It  seems  to  be  true 
that  some  people  keep  live  stock  in  such  a 
way  that  the  figures  would  show  loss,  but 
for  a  high  valuation  on  the  manure.  But 
they  cannot  grow  flour-barrel  melons  ! 


You  need  not  bother  to  send  a  “Business 
Hen,”  as  I  have  read  the  hen  for  the  last 
12  or  15  years,  and  I  think  I  am  pretty 
well  acquainted  with  her,  but  if  you  have 
an  industrious  man  or  woman  to  send,  as 
you  offer  to  send  the  hen,  send  along  such 
person.  J.  J.  w. 

North  Carolina. 

Some  “Business  Hens”  will  go  into  a 
man’s  garden  and  scratch  up  his  best 
plants  even  when  she  must  know  she  is 
not  wanted.  Our  “Hen”  makes  it  a  part 
of  her  business  to  keep  her  feet  out  of 
other  people’s  business — and  gardens.  Sorry, 
but  we  do  not  know  of  any  industrious 
humans  who  are  willing  to  be  “sent  along.” 


Bigger  Eggs. — That  “big  egg”  described 
on  page  250  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  has  met  its 
Waterloo,  as  the  enclosed  clipping  from  the 
Watertown  Times  will  show  you : 

“Black  River,  Feb.  23. — Frank  Gray 
again  comes  forward  with  a  monster  egg 
from  one  of  his  choice  Rhode  Island  Reds. 
The  egg  weighs  four  and  one-half  ounces 
and  measures  eight  and  three-fourths  inches 
by  six  and  one-sixth  inches  in  circum¬ 
ference.” 

Frank  E.  nungerford  also  had  an  egg 
of  almost  exactly  the  same  weight  and 
shape  laid  by  one  of  his  Black  Orpington 
pullets.  This  egg  upon  being  broken  dis¬ 
closed  another  fully  developed  egg  with 
shell,  and  this  one  also  contained  still 
another  small  egg  with  shell,  making  three 
eggs  in  all.  Next !  f.  iiowlaxd. 


^eka  Planters 

INCREASE  POTATO  PROFITS 


The  Eureka  opens  the  furrow, 
drops  seed  accurately  auy  dis¬ 
tance  or  depth  desired,  puts 
on  fertilizer  if  wanted,  covers 
perfectly,  and  marks  for  next 
row.  Requires  only  one  man. 

Always  plants  uniform  depth. 

Driver  sees  each  seed  drop 
Three  sizes,  for  one  or  two  rows. 

In  use  throughout  the  world 
for  many  years.  Prompt 

ment  from  branch  house  near  yon.  W rite  for  FREE  catalog. 

V  eureka  cultivator  and 

\  SEEDER 

\  1  /  /  Made  In  3  size*, 

V  8,  10  and  12  ft. 


Weeds  and 
cu  1  ti  vates. 

Sows  and  cov¬ 
ers  grass seed, 

alfalfa,  oats,  etc.  Renews  old  meadows. 

Price  is  low  and  will  pay  yon  largo  profits. 

EUREKA  MOWER  CO.,  BOX  810,  UTICA,  N. 


Wiiex  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’il  got  a  quick  rculy  and 
"a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  211. 


AGENTS— $33.30  A  WEEK 


Jack  Wood  did  it  1 


He  writes—"  Hurry  up 
100  more  —  sold 
first  lot  in  2  days 
—  best  seller  I 
ever  saw.”  Hun. 
drods  of  agents 
coining  money— 
S5.60  worth  of 
tools  for  tho 
rice  of  one. 
rop  forgedf  rom 
finest  steel.  Nickel  Plated  all  over.  Astonishing  low 
price  to  agents— 1 ,200  ordered  by  one  man.  Write  at  once. 
Don't  delay.  Experience  unnecessary.  Sample  free. 
THOMAS  MFG.  CO.,  2265  Wayne  St.,  DAYTON,  OHIO 


STOUT— STRONG-DURABLE— CHEAP 

Brown  Fences  will  outlast  any  other  because  of 
—  heavier  wires  and  thicker  galvanizing.  Investigate 
before  you  buy.  160  styles  for  all  purposes. 

Bargain  Prices-14c  Per  Rod  Up 

delivered  at  your  railway  station.  Send  today  for 
catalog  and  free  sample  for  test. 

THE  BROWN  FENCE  &  WIRE  CO- 
Dept.  69  CLEVELAND.  OHIO 


1 3i  Cents  a  Rod 


Forl8-ln.  14  3-4*  for  22-In.  Hog 
Fence;  15c  for  26-inch;  18  3-4* 
for  32-Inch;  25*  for  a  47-inch 
Farm  Fence.  48-Inch  Poultry 
fence  28  1-2*.  Sold  on  30  days 
trial.  80  rod  spool  Ideal  liarb 
Wire  SI  .45  Catalogue  free. 

KITSELMAN  BROS., 
Box  230  MUNCIE,  IND. 


ELMCO  FEEDS 
Produce  Results 


You  can’t  develop  thorobred  stock  on 
“scrub”  Feeds.  To  get  the  best  results 
from  your  stock,  whether  it  is  a  herd  of 
“scrubs”  or  “thorobreds,  ”  you  have  got  to 
use  result-producing  Feeds.  Common  Feeds 
hinder  a  cow  from  doing  its  best.  Farmers, 
dairymen  and  stock  raisers  find  ELMCO 
Feeds  the  biggest  result-producers  per  dol¬ 
lar  of  cost — therefore,  the  best  and  cheap¬ 
est.  The  price  you  pay  for  a  feed  don’t 
count,  if  it  produces  sufficient  results. 

Listman  Mill  Company, 


LaCrosse,  Wis. 


Elmco  Feeds 


are  pure,  strong  and  rich,  milled  from 
choice  wheat,  thoroughly  cleaned;  always 
reliable.  ELMCO  on  the  sack  protects  you 
and  binds  us.  Sold  direct  from  the  Mill  in 
carload.  Cars  assorted  to  suit  your  require¬ 
ments.  Write  for  samples,  analysis  and 
prices  now.  You  may  forget  to-morrow. 


EXCELSIOR  SWING  STANCHION 

Warranted  The  Best.  30  Days’  Trial 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  wheu  open 
Noiseless  Simple  Sanitary  Durable 

The  Wasson  Stanchion  Co., 
Box  60,  Cuba,  N.  Y. 


As  they  Rome-  As  "  8  A  VE-TUE-IIOR?*: » 
times  are.  can  make  them. 


Time  and  Hardest  Work  Can’t  Hr! ng  It  Rack! 

Lisbon.  Ohio,  Oct.  4,  1010.  —  I  want  to  say  thoro  is  no  use  of 
anyono^driving  a  lame  horso  if  they  will  just  try  “  Save-Thc- 
Horsc.”  I  had  one  so  lame  I  could  not  uso  him.  After  using 
one  bottle  of  *  Save-Tho-lIorse  ”  he  lias  never  taken  a  lame  step, 
and  1  drive  him  every  day  in  my  business,  which  is  serving  pa¬ 
pers  over  the hilliest  county  in  the  state.  You  can  use  this  with 
pleasure,  as  this  is  absolutely  a  voluntary  testimonial. 

W.  C.  Davidsow,  Sheriff  of  Col.  Co, 


E.  C.  MESSIER, 

Civil  Engineer,  Real  Estate  and  Insurance* 

1008  Elm  Street,  Manchester,  N.  11.,  Oct.  22,  K/10. 

I  sent.  $5  for  **Save-The- Horse”  to  cure  a  Bono  Spavin.  At  the 
time  he  was  not  worth  $1  ;  before  he  had  the  Spavin  I  was  of¬ 
fered  $f>00.  Four  veterinarians  told  me  ho  was  incurable,  so  1 
felt  bine,  as  you  misht  believe.  Since  ono  month  after  treating 
him  with  “Save-The- Horso”  he  has  not  taken  a  lame  step  and  I 
have  driven  him  every  day,  and  even  thirty  miles  the  same  day. 
**Save-The-Horse,’  has  done  moro  than  four  doctors  in  a  year. 
Now  it  seems  exaggerated,  hut  anyone  in  doubt  can  call  at  tho 
neighbors  to  prove  wh at  I  say,  and  furthermore,  the  horse  can 
give  them  a  ride,  and  probably  ono  of  the  best  in  their  lifetime. 
I  cannot  say  enough  to  praise  your  remedy.  E.  C.  Messieb. 

$5,00  a  BoMe  with  s»ped  guarantee 

A  binding  CONTRACT  to  protect  purchaser  absolutely  in 
treating  and  curing  any  caso  of  Bone  rnd  Bog  Spavin,  Thorough- 
pin.  Ring-bone  (except  low).  Curb,  Splint,  Capped  Hock,  Windpuff. 
Shoeboil,  Injured  Tendons  and  all  Ltmcness.  No  scar  or  loss  of 
hair.  Horse  works  as  usual.  Send  for  copy  of  contract,  book¬ 
let  on  all  lameness  and  letters  on  every  kind  of  case.  y 
At  all  druggists  and  dealers,  op  express  paid.  * 

Troy  Chemical  Co.  **  Com’lave.Binghamton.N.Y. 


You  Can’t  Cut  Out 


A  BOG  SPAVIN,  PUFF  or 
THOROUGHPIN,  but 


£0SORB1NE 


Will  clean  them  off  permanently,  i 
you  work  the  horso  same  time.  I>oe9 
not  blister  or  remove  the  hair.  Will 
toll  you  more  if  you  write.  $'J.OO  per 
bottle  at  d’lers  ordeliy’d.Book  4Dfree. 

ABSORBINE,  J[?.,  for  mankind. 
$1  bottle.  Reduces  Varicose  Veins, Vnr- 
icocele.  Hydrocele,  Ruptured  Muscles  or  Liga¬ 
ments,  Enlarged  Glands.  Allays  pain  quickly. 

W.  F.  YOUNG,  P.  D.  F.,  88  Temple  St.,  Springfield,  Mass. 


A  Heavy  Fence  made  of  Hard  wire, 
built  with  one  purpose  in  view, 
that  of  lasting  and  satisfactory 
service.  No  repairs.  Five  cictalog 
upon  request.  Ask  your  dealer. 

THE  FROST  WIRE  FENCE  CO. 
Dept.  H  CLEVELAND,  0. 


COW  COMFORT 

Means  additional  profit.  Simple 
durable,  eusily  locked.  Foster 
Steel  8  t  u  it  e  )i  Ions  cannot  be 
opened  by  the  cuttle.  Top  and  bot¬ 
tom  chains  permit  free  head  move¬ 
ment,  standing  or  lying  down,  yot 
keep  cattle  lined  up  and  clean. 
Write  for  new  booklet  showing; 
model  stables. 

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THE  RURAL  NKW-YORKEH" 


March  25, 


THE  “COMING  BACK”  OF  MISSY. 

I  have  noticed  your  comment  regard¬ 
ing  Mr.  Taylor  and  his  cows,  whose 
advanced  registry  record  is  in  dispute. 
Your  suggestion  of  retesting  such  cows 
is  in  my  opinion  quite  impracticable. 
These  cows  have  given  the  best  part 
of  their  lives  to  the  making  of  these 
records,  and  have  been  stimulated  be¬ 
yond  further  endurance.  To  do  twice 
the  work  of  the  average  requires  effort. 
Missy  of  the  Glen  has  been  stimulated 
to  do  not  only  the  work  of  two,  but 
taken  according  to  the  statistics  for  New 
York  State,  our  greatest  dairy  State,  the 
work  of  over  six  average  cows.  All 
champions  are  sometime  overcome. 
Some  of  the  pugilistic  prize  ring  cham¬ 
pions  are  able  to  show  their  supremacy 
in  many  battles,  over  a  period  of  years, 
but  consider  their  effort  and  accomplish¬ 
ment  by  comparison.  The  longest  en¬ 
durance  test  has  lasted  but  a  few  hours; 
then  time  to  recuperate  and  prepare 
again.  But  the  dumb  cow  has  been 
held  to  the  contest,  not  for  10  rounds 
or  a  day  or  a  week,  but  for  a  year. 

I  am  a  breeder  of  fine  cattle,  Guernsey 
cattle  and  show  Guernseys.  I  have 
never  attempted  to  make  extraordinary 
records  of  butter  fat,  but  rather  to  pro¬ 
duce  animals  that,  to  the  eye,  show 
capacity  for  great  things.  To  the  ex¬ 
perienced  eye,  mind  you.  I  have  left  it 
to  others  (my  purchasers)  to  take  from 
these  cows  their  stored-up  energy.  I 
get  my  price,  and  when  an-  animal  has 
made  for  a  purchaser  a  record  that  I 
did  not  call  upon  her  to  make,  I  do  not 
regret  that  he  has  obtained  from  me  at 
a  fraction  of  its  real  value  a  gold  mine, 
but  glory  in  the  fact  that  he  has  de¬ 
veloped  and  made  use  of  the  deposit; 
that  I  had  only  discovered  and  chosen 
as  a  prospector  to  sell  to  him  at  a 
fair  face  value  and  go  hunting  for  bet¬ 
ter  things. 

I  admire  Mr.  Taylor’s  attitude.  He 
evidently  believes  that  if  it  is  possible 
for  Mr.  A  or  Mr.  Z  to  own  a  cow  that 
could  make  a  record  of  999  pounds  of 
butter  a  year,  he  might  own  one  that 
would  make  1,000  pounds.  When  I  was 
a  boy  “Dexter”  made  a  record  of  2.40, 
and  it  was  so  wonderful  that  it  doubled 
the  price,  in  his  eye,  of  a  boy’s  coaster 
to  have  Dexter’s  head  on  it.  Men  have 
been  known  to  spend  $100,000  for  a 
horse  that  they  admired  and  believed  in. 
Who  will  say  that  a  cow,  a  much  better 
friend  of  the  whole  human  family,  shall 
not  be  equally  admired  and  as  zealously 
defended?  Mr.  Taylor  is  right.  If  the 
Guernsey  Cattle  Club  once  accepted  his 
records  of  his  cows,  which  it  did,  it 
should  have  been  final.  The  jealousy 
of  other  members  who  had  been  out¬ 
stripped  in  this  race  should  not  have 
been  considered.  If  mistakes  were  made, 
the  greatest  mistake  was  that  that 
Guernsey  Cattle  Club  through  its  execu¬ 
tive  committee,  by  the  influence  of  tale¬ 
bearing,  interested  and  troublesome 
neighbors,  should  be  persuaded  to  deny 
the  birthright  of  the  child  which  it  had 
christened.  L.  v.  axtell. 

Ohio. 

R.  N.-Y. — Our  desire  is  to  permit  Mr. 
Axtell  or  anyone  else  to  say  anything 
about  this  case  which  they  are  prepared 
to  stand  for.  Personal  opinion  is  worth 
little  in  such  a  matter.  It  has  come 
down  to  about  this:  “Did  these  cows 
give  milk  running  up  to  nearly  nine  per 
cent  in  fat?"  The  great  majority  of 
Guernsey  breeders  doubt  it.  We  do  not 
see  that  Mr.  Axtell  adds  to  the  dis¬ 
cussion  of  this  point.  Pie  says  the  cows 
could  not  “come  back.”  Other  cows 
have  done  so.  Here  is  a  letter  from 
the  secretary  of  the  American  Jersey 
Cattle  Club : 

A  number  of  Jersey  cows  have  made  large 
tests  repeatedly,  so  that  the  first  test  did 
not  practically  kill  the  cow.  There  are  no 
doubt  cases  in  which  a  cow  has  been  dam¬ 
aged  by  forcing,  but  I  believe  that  most  of 
the  year’s  tests  carried  out  under  our  Reg¬ 
ister  of  Merit  rules  have  not  injured  the 


cows  in  the  least.  As  instances,  I  would 
like  to  quote  Jacoba  Irene,  who  has  been 
tested  for  four  consecutive  years,  and  dur¬ 
ing  her  last  test  she  has  produced  over 
12,000  pounds  of  milk  and  fat  equivalent 
to  789  pounds  of  butter.  At  the  beginning 
of  this  test  she  was  11  years  and  seven 
months  old.  This  does  not  look  as  if  her 
great  test,  in  which  she  produced  17,253 
pounds  of  milk  and  fat  equivalent  to  1126 
pounds  of  butter,  greatly  injured  her.  An¬ 
other  cow  which  may  be  quoted  is  Sophie 
19th  of  Hood  Farm,  tested  for  three  con¬ 
secutive  years,  each  year  increasing  her 
yield,  until  in  the  last  test  she  has  pro¬ 
duced  14,373  pounds  milk  and  fat  equiva¬ 
lent  to  1,011  pounds  of  butter.  Warder’s 
Lady  might  also  be  mentioned,  a  cow  tested 
for  two  consecutive  years,  producing  11,432 
pounds  milk  and  fat  equivalent  to  717 
pounds  of  butter  the  first  year,  and  in  the 
following  year  producing  14,820  pounds  of 
milk  and  fat  equivalent  to  969  pounds  of 
butter.  R.  M.  gow. 

If  we  grant  that  these  Guernsey  cows 
could  not  repeat  their  large  flow  of 
milk — let  them  give  some  more  of  that 
nine  per  cent  milk  on  which  they  made 
their  record.  We  doubt  if  Mr.  Axtell’s 
comparison  of  a  pugilistic  champion  will 
hold.  People  who  were  at  the  ringside 
say  that  the  old  champion,  Jeffries,  fully 
“came  back”  and  probably  was  never  in 
better  condition — but  he  met  a  man  bet¬ 
ter  than  any  he  had  ever  faced  before. 
Mr.  Axtell  might  better  join  us  in  call¬ 
ing  for  an  exhibition  of  some  of  that 
nine  per  cent  milk !  As  for  Guernsey 
cows  over  75  have  been  selected  and  in 
the  majority  of  cases  “came  back”  and 
gave  a  larger  yield  than  when  tested  for 
the  first  time. 


Rickets. 

What  can  I  do  with  a  four  months  old 
pig?  lie  seems  crippled  in  his  hind  legs, 
doesn’t  exercise  at  all ;  when  compelled  to 
keeps  lifting  his  feet;  eats  very  little. 

New  Hampshire.  o.  m.  h. 

As  often  stated  here,  this  condition  is 
brought  on  by  overfeeding  and  lack  of  exer¬ 
cise.  Feed  on  slop  of  milk  and  middlings, 
adding  lime  water  at  rate  of  one  ounce  to 
the  quart.  Feed  well  pigs  in  this  way,  and 
make  them  take  lots  of  outdoor  exercise  ev¬ 
ery  day.  They  should  root  under  litter  for 
any  corn  they  are  allowed.  a.  s.  a. 

Molasses  for  Horse. 

I  would  like  to  know  the  best  and  most 
economical  method  of  feeding  molasses  to  a 
horse  that  does  ordinary  farm  work.  I 
can  buy  molasses  by  the  barrel  in  Rich¬ 
mond  at  16  cents  per  gallon.  G.  B. 

Meadow,  Va. 

We  have  fed  the  molasses  in  two  ways. 
One  is  to  pour  it  over  the  grain  twice  a 
day  and  let  the  horse  lick  it  up.  The  other 
is  to  cut  the  hay  or  fodder,  mix  the  mo¬ 
lasses  with  water  and  sprinkle  it  over  the 
cut  fodder.  The  last-named  plan  is  best 
where  the  hay  is  not  high  class,  or  where 
the  horse  eats  too  fast. 

Heaves. 

Will  you  tell  me  what  to  do  for  a  horse 
that  breathes  hard  on  the  road  (you  would 
call  it  wind-broken).  It  does  not  bother 
him  much  when  working.  Bran  mash  with 
a  little  soda  and  tar  helps  him  some. 
Horse  is  11  years  old.  I  think  sometimes 
the  horse  has  been  overdriven.  J.  c.  L. 

There  is  no  cure  for  “heaves”  (broken 
wind),  but  it  may  be  relieved  by  giving 
half  an  ounce  of  Fowler’s  solution  of  ar¬ 
senic,  wetting  all  food ;  not  giving  bulky 
food  of  any  sort  at  noon ;  not  working  the 
horse  soon  after  a  meal ;  feeding  wet  oat 
straw  in  Winter  and  grass  in  Summer  in 
preference  to  hay.  a.  s.  a. 

Lameness. 

Some  time  since  I  saw  a  recipe  in  The 
R.  N.-Y.  for  continued  lameness  and  swell¬ 
ing  for  barb-wire  cuts  and  treatment  for 
same.  I  have  a  valuable  mare  which  got 
cut  in  this  manner  some  months  ago,  and 
is  still  lame,  and  the  swelling  and  lameness 
does  not  seem  to  respond  to  the  use  of 

ordinary  liniments.  Would  you  publish 
again  the  formula  given  for  the  liniment 
and  treatment  so  that  I  can  try  it? 

Texas.  J.  s.  T. 

We  do  not  know  to  which  prescription 
you  refer.  Perhaps  it  was  not  supplied  by 
the  veterinarian.  A  good  barb-wire  cut 
lotion  is  made  by  dissolving  two  ounces  of 
sulphate  of  zinc  and  half  an  ounce  of 
chloride  of  zinc  in  a  pint  of  water  acidu¬ 
lated  with  one  dram  of  hydrochloric  acid. 
This  is  especially  good  for  wounds  in  which 
exuberant  granulations  (proud  flesh)  are 
giving  trouble.  It  is  not  intended  for  lame¬ 
ness  and  swelling.  We  would  have  to 
know  the  exact  conditions  in  the  case  of 
your  horse  before  we  could  prescribe  intel¬ 
ligently.  A.  s.  A. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  20. 


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WITH  LICE, TICKS, MITES,  FLEAS, 
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DEPARTMENT  OF  ANIMAL 
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DETROIT, MICH 
U.S.A. 


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1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


410 


MARKETS 

Wholesale  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  March  17,  1911. 

HOTTER 

Trade  in  both  creamery  and  dairy  grades 
has  been  active  and  prices  have  held  steady 
during  the  week.  Creamery  is  retailing 
at  28  to  32  cents,  and  good  dairy  25  to 
28  cents. 

Creamery,  rancy.  lb . 25  ©  .27 

Good  to  Choice . 20  @  .24 

Lower  Grades  . 16  @  .19 

Storage . 15  @  .21 

State  Dairy,  best . 22  ©  ,23 

Common  to  Gjod . 16  @  .20 

Factory . 15  @  .16 

Packing  Slock .  12  @  .15 

Elgin  111.  butter  market  firm  at  26  cents. 
CHEESE 

Market  is  unsettled  and  holders  anxious 
to  sell,  even  at  cut  prices.  Good  cream  cheese 
retails  at  18  to  20  cents. 

Fall  Cream,  best . 15  @  .16 

Common  to  Good . 12  @  .13 

Skims . 05  @  .12 

EGGS 

Prices  are  two  to  three  cents  lower  than 
last  week,  and  trade  active.  At  retail 
good  to  choice  eggs  bring  24  to  30  cents. 

White,  good  to  choice . 21  @  .22 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 19  @  .20 

Common  to  Good . 15  @  .17 

Western,  best . 19  @  .20 

Under  grades . 12  @  .15 

BEANS 

Jobbing  demand  is  fairly  good,  but  trade 
otherwise  dull  and  buyers  critical  as  to 
quality. 

Marrow,  100  lbs .  3.00  @  3.70 

Medium .  3.00  @  3.45 

Pea .  3.00  @  3.50 

Yellow  Eye . 3.65  ©  3.75 

lied  Kidney . 5.25  @  5.60 

WhiteKidney . 4.75  @  5.00 

Lima,  California . 6.30  @  6.40 

HOPS 

Demand  is  light.  Considerable  contracting 
on  the  Pacific  coast  1911  crop  is  reported. 

Prime  to  Choice  . 28  ® 

common  to  Good . 25 

Pacific  Coast . 20 

German  Crop,  1910 . 50  ® 

CIDER  VINEGAR 
New  York  prices  for  single  ban 

Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 

Standard  Grade . 

DRIED  FRUITS 

Market  almost  bare  of  prime  evaporated 
apples.  Trade  in  sun-dried  moderate. 

Apples,  evap.  fancy . 13  @ 

Evap.,  com.  to  good . 

Sun  Dried . 

Chops . 06  ©  .06*6 

Cores  and  Skins . 06  ©  .06*6 

Raspberries . 28  ®  “ 


.28 

@ 

.29 

.25 

@ 

.27 

.20 

@ 

.21 

.50 

@ 

.53 

rel  lots. 

.22 

@ 

.24 

.13 

@ 

.15 

13« 
.06  ®  .12 
.06  @  .07*6 


_  .30 

Cherries . 15  ©  .18 

FRESH  FRUITS 

Apples  in  large  supply,  but  trade  fairly 
active.  Receipts  of  strawberries^  rather 
light  and  sellingly  slowly.  At  retail  choice 
strawberries  bring  30  to  45  cents. 

Apples,  Russet,  bbl . 3.00  ®  4.00 

Winesap .  4.00  ©  6.00 

Greening . 4.00  ©  6.50 

York  Imperial .  4.00  ©  5.75 

Baldwin .  4.00  ©  5.25 

Ben  Davis .  3.50  ®  4.75 

Spy .  4.00  ©  5.50 

Western — 

Newtown,  box .  1.45  ©  2.35 

Spitz,  box .  1.20  @  2.50 

Rome,  box .  1 .75  ®  2  30 

Black  Ben,  box- .  1  75  ®  2.30 

Gano.  box  .  1.60  ©  2.00 

Cranberri  es — 

Cape  Cod.  bbl . 10.00  @12.00 

Long  Island,  bbl . 12.00  ©13.00 

Jersey,  bbl . 8. 50  @1U.00 

Strawberries,  Fla.,  qt. . . 20  ©  25 

Oranges,  Fla.  box .  2.00  ©  3.75 

Porto  Rico .  1.75  ©  2.50 

California .  2.50  ©  3.75 

Grape  Fruit.  Fla.  box . 2.50  ®  3.00 

Pineapples,  Havana.  18s .  1.00  @  2.25 

Porto  Rico,  30s  to  24s . 2.25  @  2.75 

HONEY 

Market  on  comb  quiet.  Extracted  clover 
very  scarce.  Trade  in  buckwheat  dull. 

White  Clover,  lb . 12  ©  .14 

Buckwheat, lb . 08  ©  .10 

Extracted,  lb .  07  ©  .10 

VEGETABLES 

Potatoes  continue  in  large  supply  and 
low,  with  business  dull.  Old  cabbage  low, 
new  selling  well.  Southern  salads  lower. 
Trade  in  celery  active.  Tomatoes  largely 
green  and  unsalable  at  top  prices.  Retail 
buyers  in  New  York  are  paying  75  cents 
to  $1  per  barrel  for  potatoes  ;  20  cents  per 
quart  for  string  beans ;  five  to  10  cents 
per  head  for  lettuce ;  onions,  10  cents  per 
quart,  and  tomatoes,  15  to  20  cents  per 
pound. 

Potatoes — X.  Y.  State,  180  lbs .  1.12  ®  1.37 

Maine .  1.25  ©  1.50 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bbl .  2.00  @  3.75 

Sweet  Virginia,  bbl .  1.50  ©  2.00 

Asparagus.  So.  Car.  f’ey  doz . 9.00  ©12  00 

Good  to  prime .  3.00  ©  8.00 

Brussels  Sprouts,  qt . 08  ©  .18 

Beets,  new,  bbl .  2.00  ®  3.00 

Carrots,  bbl .  1.50  ©  2.00 

Southern,  new,  bbl .  2.00  ©  3.00 

Cabbage — Danish  seed,  ton . 8.00  @10.00 

New,  Southern,  bbl . 76  ©  2.25 

Celery,  doz . 50  @1.00 

Chicory,  bbl .  2.00  ®  3.50 

Cucumbers.  Fla.  bu . 2.00  @  3.00 

Escarol.  bbl  . . 3.00  @  4.00 

Kale,  bbl .  1  00  ©  1.25 

Kohlrabi,  Southern.  100  bunches .  2.50  @  4.00 

Lettuce.  *6-bbl.  bkt . 50  @2  00 

Peppers.  Southern,  bn . 2.00  ©  3.50 

Fennel.  Southern,  bbl .  2.00  @  2.50 

Horseradish,  100  lbs .  5.00  ©  7.00 

Lima  Beans,  Fla.  bkt .  2.00  @  4.50 

Okra.  Fla.  Carrier  .  2.00  @  3.00 

Onions,  Orange  Co.,  bag .  1.50  @  2.60 

State  and  Western,  1431b.  bag . 2.00  ©  2.75 

White  pickle,  bu .  1.25  @2.00 

Peas.  Fla.,  bu .  2.50  ©  5.00 

Radishes,  S'n  **  bbl.-  bkt .  1.50  @1.75 

Romaine.  Southern,  *6  bbl . 75  @  1  50 

Salsify,  10(1  bunches .  5.00  @  7.00 

String  Beans,  bu .  2.00  @  3.50 

8pinach,  bbl .  1.50  ©  2.00 

squash,  bbl .  1.75  ©  2.25 

Turnips,  Rutabaga,  bbl . 75  ®  1.00 

White,  bbl .  1.00  @  1.50 

Leeks,  Southern,  100  bunches .  2.00  ©  4.00 

Kgg  Plants,  Fla.,  box .  2.50  ©  3.00 

Parsnips,  bbl  .  1.25  ®  1.75 

Parsley  bbl .  1.00  ©  2.25 

Tomatoes,  Fla.  crate . 75  ©  1.75 

HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 
Mushrooms  and  cucumbers  selling  well. 
Lettuce,  tomatoes  and  radishes  dull. 

Cucumbers,  best,  doz .  1.00  ©  1.25 

Common  to  good . 50  ®  .75 


Mushrooms,  lb . 15  ©  .35 

Radishes,  100  bunches .  2.00  ®  2  50 

Rhubarb,  doz  bunebes . 15  @  .50 

Tomatoes,  lb . 10  ©  .20 

BERMUDA  PRODUCTS 
Potatoes  selling  slowly.  Parsley  in  heavy 
supply  and  lower. 

Potatoes,  No.  1,  bbl .  6.00  @  6.25 

No.  2  “  .  5.60  @  5.25 

Beets,  bu.  crate . 76  @1.00 

Carrots,  crate . 75  ©  1.00 

Peas.  *6  bu .  2.50  @  4.00 

Parsley,  bu.  crate . 75  @1.00 

Romaine,  crate . 60  @1.00 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Receipts  are  moderate,  but  trade  very  dull 
except  on  prime  fowls. 

Chickens,  lb . 14  @  .15 

Fowls . if,  ©  .16 

Roosters .  09  @  .10 

Pucks . .  @  .18 

Geese . 09  ©  .10 

Turkeys . 12  ©  13 

DRESSED  POULTRY— Fresh  Killeb 
Market  very  dull  because  of  damaged 
stock  caused  by  mild  weather  in  transit. 

Turkeys.  Fancy . 19  ©  20 

Common  to  Good . 16  @  .18 

Chickens,  roasting,  prime . 18  @  .20 

Common  to  Good . 14  @  .17 

Fancy  broilers,  lb . 30  ©  .35 

Fowls .  14  @  .16 

Capons,  best,  lb . 24  ©  .26 

Medium  grades . 22  ©  .23 

Small  and  Slips . 14  @  .16 

Squabs,  doz .  1.75  @  4.59 

DRESSED  POULTRY-FROZEN 

Turkeys,  best . 22  ©  .23 

ChickeDs.  milk-fed  broilers . 22  @  .25 

Corn-fed  broilers . 15  ©  .22 

Milk- ted  roasters . 17  @  .19 

Corn-fed  roasters . 15  ©  .16 

Fowls  .  12  ©  .14*6 

Ducks,  best . 16  @  .18 

Common  to  good . 13  @  .15 

Geese . 08  @  .14 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 
Calves  plenty  and  selling  slowly.  Mar¬ 
ket  on  hothouse  lambs  lower  and  irregular. 

Calves,  good  to  prime . 12  @  .12*6 

Common . OS  @  .10 

Lambs,  hothouse,  head . 3.00  ©  6.00 

Pork.  light . 09  @  .10 

Medium  to  heavy . 08  ©  .08*6 

Roasting  Pigs,  lb . 14  ©  .17 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Choice  Timothy  and  clover  mixed  selling 
well,  lower  grades  very  well. 

Bay.  No.  1,  ton . 20.00  @  21.00 

No.  2 . 18.00  @  19.50 

No.  3 . 14.50  ©  16.00 


Clover  Mixed . 12.00  ©  18  00 

Clover . ...11.00  ©  14.00 

Straw,  Rye .  9.00  ©  11.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 8.00  ©  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers.  100  lbs . 6.25  @6  40 

Oxen  and  Stags .  6.00  @  6.25 

.  2.40  @  4.75 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 6.00  @10.00 

Gulls  . 4.00  ©  6.60 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 4.00  @4.50 

Lambs .  6.00  ©  7.00 

Ho«s . 7.60  @  7.75 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.09  ©  ... 

No.  2,  Red . 95  ©  ... 

No.  I  Macaroni . 97  <§>  ... 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 49  ©  ,52 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 36  @  38 

1{ye . .  @  '.85 

MILL  FEED 

Spring  Bran,  ton .  24.00  ©  25.00 

Standard  Middlings .  26.00  @  27.50 

Rod  Dog  .  27.50  @  28.00 

Hominy  Chop .  22.60  ©  23.70 

Linseed  Meal .  35.00  @  36.00 

Corn  Meal . 23.00  @  24.00 

»  COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland.. . 

Middling  Gulf . 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling . 

Good  Middling . .  , 


14.65 

14.90 

14.10 

15.00 


WOOL 

NewYork  Fleeces,  Delaine,  unwashed. 

Ohio  Fine,  unwashed . . . 

Kentucky,  three-eighths  blood . 

Michigan,  half  blood . 

TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadleaf-filler . 

Fine  wrppe's . 

N.  Y.  State  Fillers . 

Fine  and  Selections . 

Ohio.  Zimmer  s  Spanish . 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 

Dark  Leaf . 

Bright  Cutters . 


.26 

©  .26*6 

.22 

© 

.23 

.27 

@  27. *6 

.  .27 

@ 

.28 

.08 

© 

.10 

.60 

® 

.60 

.05 

@ 

.06 

.12 

© 

.16 

.19 

@ 

.20 

.07 

@ 

.09*6 

.10 

© 

.20 

.12 

© 

.30 

The  Examiner:  “But  if,  as  you  say, 
all  the  rivers  run  into  the  sea,  why 
doesn’t  it  overflow?”  Johnnie  (taken 
aback:  “Why — er — ’cos  it’s  so  full  of 
sponges.”— The  Sketch. 

“Do  you  want  a  narrow  man’s  comb?” 
asked  the  clerk.  “No,”  said  the  cus¬ 
tomer,  gravely.  “I  want  a  comb  for  a 
stout  man  with  rubber  teeth.” — Balti¬ 
more  American. 

The  through  train  from  the  West  had 
stopped  at  the  little  station  where  the 
overland  flyer  from  the  East  was  to  pass 
it.  “What  is  the  population  of  your 
village.''”  asked  one  of  the  passengers. 
“I  don’t  know,  sir,”  said  the  station 
agent;  “but  if  your  train  doesn’t  leave 
within  the  next  five  minutes  you’ll  have 
time  to  count  ’em  for  yourself.  They’re 
all  here  at  the  deepo.”— Chicago  Tri¬ 
bune. 

As  a  train  was  approaching  a  station, 
it  parted  in  the  middle,  and  the  com¬ 
munication  cord  snapped,  the  end  of  it 
striking  an  old  lady  on  her  bonnet. 

What  is  the  matter?”  she  exclaimed. 
“The  train  is  broken  in  two,”  replied  a 
gentleman  opposite.  “And  no  wonder!” 
responded  the  old  lady,  looking  at  the 
broken  cord.  “Did  they  think  a  bit  of 
pudding-string  like  that  would  hold  a 
train  together?” — Credit  Lost. 


Unclipped 


Clipped 


'M 


Which  is  Yours? 

Every  progressive  owner  of  horses  recognizes  the  fact  that  horses  clipped 
in  the  spring  dry  off  quick  after  sweating,  rest  well  and  get  more  good  ont 
of  their  feed.  They  not  only  look  better,  bnt  they  feel  better  and  do  better 
work.  No  way  of  clipping  has  ever  been  devised  that  takes  off  the  hair  so 
easily,  so  quickly  and  so  smoothly  as  with  the 


Price,  all  complete 
a*  shown 


Stewart  Ball  Bearing 
Clipping  Machine  g7 -M9 

This  machine  weighs  only  36  pounds,  boxed.  You  can  carry  it  about  anywhere.  It  has  6  feet 
of  new  style,  easy-running  flexible  shaft,  so  all  parts  of  the  horse  are  readied  easily.  It  lias  the 
famous  Stewart  One-Nut  Tension  Knife— highest  grade.  The  gears  are  all  cut  from  the  solid 

Steel  bar  and  made  file  hard.  Then  all  are  enclosed  and  protected  from  dust  and  dirt,  where 
they  run  in  constant  oil  bath.  /T  /S  GUARANTEED  FOR  25  YEARS  and 

«>  no116  cian  ru“i,lt  ?nd.5.io clipping  with  it.  Get  one  now  at  your  dealer's,  or  send 
12.00  and  we  will  ship  C.  O.  D  for  balance.  Write  for  new  1911  Catalogue.  DO  IT  TODAY 

Chicago  Flexible  Shaft  Co.  143  LaSalle  Av.,  Chicago 


BUY  A  NEW  YORK  STATE  WAGON 

DIRECT  FROM  FACTORY 


If  you  want  the  best  made  at  the  lowest 
possible  price.  We  build  wagons  for 
service — not  merely  to  sell,  We  are  the 
only  N.  Y.  State  factory  selling  direct 
to  user, saving  one-third  of  the  cost  for  you. 

Send  for  One  on  Approval. 

Safe  delivery  guaranteed— no  deposit  or  _  _ 

references  required.  Our  wagon  can  sell  A  No.  1  Runabout-  soimi  .■  spat 
itselt  or  there  will  bo  no  sale.  Write  today  easy  riding  will  last,  for  uuuiv 
— --  x?1'  CJJt?'lo£  200  styles  and  Wholesale  years.  It  *  defies  competition 
than  $80.  Price  List.  Harness  Catalog  shows  equally  and  retails  for  ^65  1 

big  values.  v 

Rochester  Vehicle  Company ,  360  Main  St.,  Rochester,  N.  V. 


Handy  Wagon:  Removable  seats, 
drop  end  gate,  strong  and  dur¬ 
able.  Can’t  be  duplicated  any. 
where  at  retail  for  less  *’  — 


AN  IHC  MANURE  SPREADER  MEANS 
NEW  LAND  ON  THE  OLD  FARM 

[HOUSANDS  of  people  during  the  past  year  paid  fabulous 
prices  for  new  land — gave  up  their  savings  and  their  homes 
and  moved  into  unknown  country  just  for  the  sake  of  securing 
more  productive  property. 

Hundreds  of  farmers  found  a  better  plan.  They  stayed  at 
home  and  invested  a  small  part  of  what  it  would  have  cost  them 
to  move  to  the  new  country  in  an  I  H  C  Manure  Spreader. 

.Now  in  leisure  time  during  the  winter  they  are  returning  to 
the  soil  the  rich  fertility  that  has  been  drained  from  it— making 
new  land  out  of  old  putting  it  into  condition  to  yield  bumper  crops. 

With  an  I  H  C  Spreader  the  manure  can  be  distributed  in  the 
proper  amount  required  by  the  condition  of  the  soil.  A  light 
coat,  where  land  is  good,  a  heavy  coat  where  it  is  most  needed. 

IHC  Manure  Spreaders  have  many  exclusive  features  which 
you  ought  to  know  about.  Years  of  successful  service  has  shown 
their  superiority.  In  buying  an  I  H  C  machine 
you  are  assured  satisfaction  for  they  are  backed 
by  a  company  that  cannot  afford  to  risk  its  repu¬ 
tation  by  offering  you  anything  but  the  best. 

IHC  Spreaders  are  made  in  three  styles 

Corn  King — Kemp  20th  Century— 

Cloverleaf 

in  sizes  ranging  from  30  to  70  bushels  capacity. 

Corn  King  and  Kemp  20th  Century  Spread¬ 
ers  are  of  the  return  apron  type — Cloverleaf 
Spreaders  have  endless  aprons.  Lime  hoods 
for  spreading  lime  and  drilling  attachments 
for  distributing  manure  in  rows  are  furnished 
on  special  order. 

Let  the  IHC  local  dealer  tell  you  all  about 
IHC  Spreaders  and  how  you,  too,  can  turn  your 
manure  pile  into  money  with  one  of 
these  simple,  efficient  machines. 

Catalogues  can  be  secured  from 
him,  or,  by  writing  for  them. 


INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER  COMPANY 
OF  AMERICA 

Chicago  (Incorporated)  USA 


IHC  Service  Bureau 

The  Bureau  is  a 
center  where  the 
best  ways  of  doing 
things  on  the  farm, 
and  data  relating 
to  its  development, 
are  collected  and 
distributed  free  to 
every  one  interest¬ 
ed  in  agriculture. 
Every  available 
source  of  informa¬ 
tion  will  be  used  in 
answering  ques¬ 
tions  on  all  farm 
subjects.  If  the 
questions  are  sent 
to  the  IHC  Service 
Bureau,  they  will 
receive  prompt  at¬ 
tention. 


4£iO 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


March  25, 


In  effect  March  1  the  New  York  Ex¬ 
change  price  was  reduced  one-half  cent  to 
$1.01  per  40-quart  can,  netting  3%  cents 
to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have  no 
additional  station  charges. 


At  a  meeting  of  the  Dairymen's  League 
at  Middletown,  N.  Y.,  March  7,  it  was  an¬ 
nounced  that  the  league  had  gained  con¬ 
trol  of  80,000  cows,  and  that  it  would  soon 
be  ready  to  dictate  terms  to  the  Milk  Ex¬ 
change  and  dealers  in  New  York.  Dairy¬ 
men  representing  3,000  cows  signed  the 
league  agreements  at  this  meeting.  The 
Dairymen’s  League  was  formed  in  October, 
1907,  with  5,000  cows.  It  was  then  stated 
that  the  league  would  be  able  to  dictate 
what  prices  should  be  paid  the  farmers  for 
•their  milk  when  it  controlled  50.000  cows. 
However,  the  league  now  claims  to  control 
the  output  of  80,000  cows,  The  league  is 
organized  throughout  New  York,  New  Jer- 
sey,  Pennsylvania  and  Connecticut,  and  was 
incorporated  last  August  in  New  Jersey. 


A  good  many  farmers  are  in  the  milk 
business ;  most  of  them  ship  their  milk 
to  Columbus,  O.,  by  electric  railroad.  The 
price  received  for  the  Winter  months  is 
15  cents  per  gallon  and  in  Summer  13 
cents  per  gallon.  Some  of  the  farmers  are 
buying  separators  and  ship  cream.  There 
is  no  retailing  of  milk  here,  but  in  I’atas- 
kala,  three  miles  north  of  here,  milk  is  re¬ 
tailed  at  five  cents  per  quart.  In  Colum¬ 
bus,  O.,  milk  retails  at  from  seven  to  10 
cents  per  quart.  Chickens  are  raised  in 
considerable  quantities  and  are  sold  largely 
to  dealers.  The  price  for  old  fowls  at 
present  is  11  cents  per  pound.  Broilers  are 
from  15  to  20  cents  per  pound,  according 
to  weight ;  live  turkeys  from  18  to  20  cents 
per  pound.  Ducks  bring  about  the  same  as 
chickens.  s- 

Licking  County,  O. 


American  dairymen  will  be  interested  in 
knowing  what  English  farmers  obtain  for 
their  milk.  In  England  the  dairymen  ap¬ 
pear  to  be  well  organized,  different  associa¬ 
tions  taking  care  of  the  milk  supply  for 
the  different  markets.  The  Midland  Farm¬ 
ers’  Association  for  example  decided  that 
seven  months  in  the  year  they  would  charge 
18  cents  a .  gallon  for  milk  and  for  five 
months  14  cents.  These  prices  are  for 
milk  delivered  by  rail.  For  special  dairies 
and  high-testing  milk  extra  prices  will  be 
demanded.  The  Central  Association  of 
dairy  farmers  which  supplies  London  with 
milk  met  in  that  city  recently  and  fixed 
the  prices  at  which  they  w.U  sell  milk  at 
20  cents  a  gallon  for  six  months  and  15 
cents  for  the  remaining  six.  Some  of  our 
American  farmers  will  think  they  are  in 
Fairyland  when  they  read  of  a  body  of 
dairymen  actually  deciding  what  they 
shall  sell  their  milk  for. 


Those  Dairy  Figures.— On  page  129 
the  statement  of  income  from  “Ilillcrest 
Is  a  very  interesting  showing  of  the  re¬ 
sult  of  efforts  of  three  persons  of  the  ages 
named.  Certain  no  other  occupation  could 
be  so  arranged  to  produce  a  living  for 
three  persons  without  considering  the  item  . 
of  improvement,  value  not  stated.  The  item 
of  three  horses  seems  excessive  for  a  place 
of  this  size,  and  the  bull  is  a  star  boarder 
with  a  herd  of  10.  The  butter  average  of 
300  pounds  per  cow  does  not  indicate  either 
special  good  cows  or  more  than  average 
care.  That  the  sales  management  is  good 
is  evidenced  by  the  price  obtained  for  but¬ 
ter,  but  the  fact  remains  that  the  profit 
at  this  farm  is  in  the  quality  of  butter  the 
lady  makes,  and  that  the  “old  man"  is  only 
making  half  a  hand.  The  results  obtained 
are  capable  of  great  improvement  with  less 
labor,  if  that  spare  horse,  bull,  and  the 
poor  cows  were  replaced  with  better  butter 
cows.  Figure  it  for  yourself. 

Pennsylvania.  R.  c. 


In  England  they  have  a  Board  of  Agricul¬ 
ture  that  tries  to  be  useful  practically  to 
dairymen.  This  board  learned  of  a  case  in 
(France  where  a  milkman  was  convicted  for 
selling  adulterated  milk.  The  evidence 
against  him  was  based  on  the  assumption 
that  it  is  possible  to  make  the  cow  water 
the  milk  either  by  feeding  her  on  watery 
food  or  making  her  drink  a  large  amount 
of  water  just  before  being  milked.  On  this  ) 
theory  the  Frenchman  was  convicted.  In  j 
order  to  test  the  matter  this  Board  of  Agri-  ! 
culture  made  a  test  of  seven  cows.  They  > 
handled  them  in  various  ways,  part  of  the  j 
time  on  dry  fodder  with  as  little  water  as 
they  could  get  along  with,  and  at  other 
times  feeding  roots  and  all  the  salt  they 
could  possibly  give  in  order  to  induce  the 
cows  to  drink  more  water.  The  records  of 
milk  were  carefully  kept,  and  the  milk 
was  tested  frequently.  They  fed  some  of 
these  cows  up  to  six  ounces  of  salt  with 
each  meal  so  that  it  caused  purging  of 
the  cattle.  The  result  was  that  they  found 
that  the  amount  of  water  taken  by  the 
cows  had  no  effect  on  the  quality  of  their 


milk  yield.  In  other  words,  the  conviction 
in  the  French  courts  was  based  on  the 
false  presumption  that  water  and  watery  ! 
foods  would  weaken  the  quality  of  the 
milk. 

The  Foley  Milk  Bill. 

We  have  mentioned  the  Foley  milk  bill, 
which  would  create  a  State  milk  commis¬ 
sion  to  regulate  the  price  of  milk.  As 

first  introduced  this  bill  covered  New 

Y’ork,  Buffalo  and  Rochester ;  it  has  since 
been  amended  so  as  to  apply  to  New  York 
City  alone.  The  last  hearing  was  held  at 
Albany  on  March  8.  Mr.  J.  B.  Coleman, 
who  is  pushing  the  bill,  said  that  he  con¬ 
sidered  seven  cents  in  Summer  and  nine 
cents  in  Winter  as  a  fair»price  to  the  con¬ 
sumer.  lie  said  that  the  producer  now 

obtained  only  2%  cents  out  of  nine  which 

is  paid  by  the  consumer.  Efforts  have 
apparently  been  made  to  make  farmers  be¬ 
lieve  that  in  case  this  bill  passed  they 
would  receive  even  less  than  the  price  now 
paid.  Mr.  Foley,  who  introduced  the  bill, 
said  that  it  would  not  affect  them  in  this 
way.  The  dealers  and  manufacturers  are 
as  a  rule  opposed  to  the  bill  and  they 
made  apparently  a  strong  showing  before 
this  hearing.  There  is  no  particular  sen¬ 
timent  back  of  it  from  the  farmers  and 
dairymen  as  they  are  unable  to  see  wherein 
such  a  bill  will  be  of  any  benefit  to  them. 


FEEDING  APPLE  POMACE  TO  COWS 

I  have  a  cider  mill,  and  would  like  to 
know  if  there  is  any  way  I  can  keep  the 
pomace  to  feed  stock  in  Winter.  WTould 
it  do  to  put  it  in  silo  with  corn?  I  would 
like  to  know  what  use  can  be  made  of 
pomace.  c.  h.  y. 

Richford,  N.  Y. 

I  have  fed  over  200  tons  of  apple  pomace 
in  the  past  few  years,  at  the  same  time 
supplying  particular  customers  with  butter 
and  cream.  I  have  never  had  a  word  of 
complaint  from  this  cause.  No  silo  is 
needed  to  keep  it  for  Winter  feeding,  and 
pomace  made  last  Fall,  if  simply  in  a  pile 
out  of  doors,  is  all  right  to  feed  yet ;  in 
fact  I  have  fed  pomace  three  or  four  years 

old  from  a  large  pile  out  of  doors.  If 

handy  I  would  prefer  having  it  under 
cover,  where  it  would  be  handy  to  feed 
from,  and  if  the  pile  is  good  size,  it  will 
heat  before  cold  weather  sets  in,  and  hold 
the  warmth  a  long  time,  making  it  nicer 
feed  for  the  cattle,  it  does  not  even  spoil 

on  the  outside  of  the  pile  until  the  fol¬ 

lowing  Spring  or  Summer,  if  left  standing 
that  long,  and  after  that  the  inside  is  as 
good  as  ever,  apparently.  I  would  not 
bother  to  put  it  in  silo  with  the  corn.  It 
would  be  just  that  much  labor  wasted,  so 
far  as  being  necessary  to  keep  the  pomace. 
Start  in  feeding  .lightly  at  first,  and  in¬ 
crease  until  cows  have  all  they  will  clean 
up.  If  a  cow  gets  so  much  as  to  sicken 
her  of  it,  which  we  have  often  had  happen, 
just  cut  down  the  quantity,  or  leave  it 
out  of  the  next  meal,  and  she  is  soon  ready 
to  handle  it  heavily  again.  Pomace  is  far 
safer  to  feed  than  apples  or  potatoes.  Ap¬ 
ple  peelings  from  canning  factory  have 
given  us  trouble,  as  the  cider  is  not  taken 
out  of  them  and  they  get  very  sour,  so  as 
to  spoil  the  milk,  cream  and  butter,  when 
fed  heavily,  after  lying  in  pile  for  a  time. 
The  juice  that  comes  out  of  the  apple  is 
the  dangerous  part  of  it.  The  man  who 
is  wintering  his  cows  on  hay  or  dry  fodder 
and  can  get  a  load  of  apple  pomace  for 
them,  will  soon  see  the  value  of  it  in  the 
increased  flow  of  milk,  provided,  of  course, 
they  are  not  all  “dry.”  i.  c.  R. 


Miner  Bungalow,  Fran.lin,  Mass. 


npHE  cost  of  shingles  has  gone 
way  up  —  the  quality  way 
down. 

Bird  NEP ONSET  Roofings  are  the  answer 
to  the  demand  for  better,  permanent  and 
more  economical  roofings.  In  this  section 
of  the  country  you  can  see  NEP°nseT 
Roofings  whose  long  years  of  service 
prove  their  superior  wearing  qualities 
and  economy. 

IMEPONSET 

Roofings 

For  Different  Types  of  Buildings 

afford  protection  against  fire,  save  repair  bills, 
and  are  a  continual  source  of  satisfaction. 

Let  us  give  you  a  copy  of  the  NEPONSET  Book, 
describing  these  roofings  in  full,  and  also  the  standard 
NEPONSET  Waterproof  Building  Papers,  specified  by 
leading  architects  for  a  quarter  of  a  century.  You  can 
have,  at  the  same  time,  samples  of  every  product  that 
interests  you. 

F.  W.  Bird  &  Son,  East  Walpole,  Mass. 

Established  1795 

Originators  of  Complete  Ready  Roofings 
and  IV ater proof  Building  Papers 
Xew  York,  Chicago,  Washington,  Portland,  Ore.,  San  Francisco. 

Canadian  Mills  and  Offices: 

*  Hamilton.  Out;  Winnipeg;  Montreal;  St.  John. 


r  Get  —  put  your  cows  in  better  condition.  I  am 
More  doing  ft — 550  are  hundreds  of  others,  and  I  want 
to  proclaim  the  good  news  to  every  dairyman 
who  has  not  yet  tried  the  new 


SCHUMA  CHER 

FEEDING  PLAN 


ft  ere  it  is  :  Mix  Schumacher  Feed  to  the  amount  of  %  to  %  your  I 

- *  ration  with  any  high  protein  concentrates  you  are  now  H 

feeding,  such  as  Gluten,  Oil  meal,  Cottonseed  meal,  Malt  sprouts,  Distil- 
lers  grains,  Blue  Ribbon  Dairy  Feed  or  other  high  protein  feed  and  you  /jH 
will  be  surprised  at  the  increase  in  flow,  the  improvement  in  condition  /fl 
of  your  cows  and  the  saving  in  cost  of  your  feed.  The  high  quality  /B 
V  of  .Schumacher  and  the  favorable  prices  of  grains  making  it  pos- 

sible  to  buy  Schumacher  at  about  the  cost  of  bran  saves  you  $5  IBS/ 
|\  to  $8  a  ton.  Ask  your  dealer  for  it,  or  write  to  us.  f^^B 

1^.  The  Quaker  Oats  Company  /MS 

Chicago,  U.  S.  A.  MnBBSs&rm 

day,  13  of  these  cows  havo  been  milked 
sinco  last  March  and  April. 

The  most  important  point  in  this  test 
is  the  fact  that,  while  Schumacher’s  cost 
mo  S6.00  per  ton  less  than  the  Distillers 
Grains,  m.v  cows  actually  gained  in  milk 
by  feeding  it.  and  at  a  timo  when  every 
dairyman  knows,  cows  that  have  been 
milked  so  long  usually  shrink  in  flow. 

J.  E.  MURRAY,  Freedom,  N.  Y. 


The  Quaker  Oats  Co., 

Gentlemen  :  —  During  the  past  few 
months,  I  have  been  feeding  my  dairy 
a  ration  composed  of  equal  parts  of 
Gluten  Feed  and  Distil'ers  Grains. 
About  two  weeks  ago  I  left  out  the  Dis¬ 
tillers  Grains  and  began  using  Schu¬ 
macher  Feed  in  its  place  and  feeding 
just  the  same  amount.  In  2  days  my 
dairy  has  gained  30  pounds  of  milk  per 


Gained 
30  Bbs • 
from 
#4  Cows 


AMERICAN 


Here  Is  The  Harrow 
To  Use  On  Your  Farm 


ACME 


Because  the  “ACME"  Harrow 
gives  results.  It  is  used  for 
preparing  the  soil  for  all  grains 
and  alfalfa.  It  is  particularly  suc¬ 
cessful  because  the  sharp,  sloping 
knives  cut  through  to  the  undersoil, 
cutting  and  slicing  trash  that  has  been 
turned  under  by  the  plow  and  leaving  it 
buried  to  fertilize  the  gf*owing  crops.  It 
can  be  used  on  all  kinds  of  land,  whether  the 
soil  be  heavy  or  light,  preparing  a  perfect 
seed  bed. 

Pulverizing  Har¬ 
row,  Clod  Crusher 
and  Leveler 
cuts,  crushes,  turns,  levels  and  smoothes  in 

one  operation.and  is  the  only  implement  neces¬ 
sary  to  be  used  after  the  plow  in  completely  fit¬ 
ting  your  soil  for  the  seed.  There  are  no  lumps 
or  air  spaces  between  the  furrows.  The  under 
soil  is  left  compacted  and  the  topsoil  loose.  Tills 
conserves  the  moisture  for  the  growing  crops 
and  will  insure  you  larger  yields  per  acre.  The 
“ACME”  Harrow  is  made'of  steel  and  iron,  is 
light  of  draft  and  easily  handled.  Sizes  from  3 
to  17J$  feet  wide— a  size  to  suit  your  needs. 
Price,  theelieapest  riding  Harrow  made.  On 
a  twenty  acre  Held  the -ACME”  will  pay  for 
itself  in  one  season  through  increased  yield. 
Let  us  send  you  our  booklet  and  catalog, 
“Preparation  of  the  Soil”— FREE.  It  will 
mean  money  for  you.  Ask  your  dealer  for 
prices,  or  write  to  DUANE  H.  NASH,  Inc., 
137  Division  Ave. , 
Millington,  X.  J. 

General  Agents, 

JOHN  I1KKRK  PLOW  CO., 
Syracuse,  X.  Y. 


Steel  Fence  Post 


Cheaper  Than  Wood 

and  More  Durable 

Many  years  of  experimenting 
with  metal  fence  posts  have 
developed  this  post.  It  is 
now  thoroughly  practical,  fill¬ 
ing  every  requirement  on  the 
farm,  in  the  town,  for  rail¬ 
roads  and  wherever  fence  posts 
are  used. 

Made  of  tough  steel,  heavily 
zinc  coated.  Durability 
proven  by  us — ten  years’  ac¬ 
tual  use  showing  good  as  new. 
Means  a  big  reduction  in 
fence  cost  and  maintenance. 

40-page  catalog  sent  free,  fully 
illustrating  and  describing.  Send 
for  it. 


Sold  by  dealers  everywhere.  Ask 
dealer  to  show  samples  and  quote 
prices,  or  write  us  direct. 


American  Steel  6  Wire  Co. 


Chicago  : 

115  Adams  Street 
Denver : 

First  Nat.  Bank  Bldg. 


New  York: 

30  Church  Street 
San  Francisco : 
16th  and  Folsom  Sts. 


Death 
Worms 


to 

the 


Stomach 

Guaranteed 


"SVc  will  Bein’  yon  100  ll>9.  of  1)11. 
HOLLAND’S  MEDICATED  STOCK 
SALT  on  60  days’  trial  freight, 
prepaid.  If  you  derive  no  benefit, 
it  costs  you  nothing;  If  you  do,  It 
costs  you  $5.00.  Give  us  your  or¬ 
der  at  once. 

The  HOLLAND  STOCK  REMEDY 
COMPANY,  Wellington,  Ohio 


COOK  YOUR  FEED  and  SAVE 
Half  the  Cost— with  the 

PROFIT  FARM  BOILER 


With  Dumping  Caldron.  Empties 
its  kettle  in  one  minute.  The  simplest 
and  best  arrangement  for  cooking 
food  forstock.  Also  make  Dairy  ana 
Laundry  Stoves,  Water  and 
Steam  Jacket  Kettles,  Hog 
Scalders,  Caldrons. ete.  lT^"Send 
for  particulars  and  ask  for  cir  :ulan  J 

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We  have  a  size  to  suit  your  power  and  requir  'ments.  Get  one 

of  these  guaranteed  outfits 
now.  Lumber  is  high.  The 
mill  will  soon  pay  for  it¬ 
self.  No  experience  needed. 

No  Belts,  Springs  or  compli¬ 
cated  parts  to  get  out  of 
order  or  cause  trouble. 

The  sawer  has  complete 
control  of  Variable  Fric¬ 
tion  Feedwith  one  hand;  slight  motion  of  lever  changes 
speed.  Other  time  and  labor  saving  devices  enable 
this  mill  to  saw  more  lumber  with  less  power  and 
less  help  than  any  other.  Free  Mill  Book  explains 
and  lists  our  complete  line  of  wood  working  machin¬ 
ery.  Write  for  it  today. 

AMERICAN  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY  CO. 

129  Hope  St..  HacketUtown.  N.  J.  1582  Terminal  Bldgs..  New  York 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


421 


Nitrate  ;  Millet ;  Cow  Peas. 

G.  8.  R.,  EarlviUe,  A'.  Y. — Is  it  good 
practice  to  sow  nitrate  of  soda  two  years 
in  succession  on  Timothy  sod,  where  it 
was  not  very  well  sodded?  Is  German  mil¬ 
let  a  good  crop  to  seed  down  with  a  per¬ 
manent  meadow?  Would  cow  peas  sown 
with  oats  about  June  1  make  good  hay 
here  in  Central  New  York,  or  would  Can¬ 
ada  peas  be  best? 

Ans. — We  would  not  sow  nitrate  of 
soda  alone  on  such  a  meadow  two  years 
in  succession.  The  njtrate  alone  is  a 
stimulant.  Use  potash  and  acid  phos¬ 
phate  with  it.  You  can  seed  down  with 
millet,  but  we  have  not  had  as  good 
results  from  this  as  when  seeding  with 
grain.  Cow  peas  will  not  answer  for 
sowing  with  oats.  It  is  the  Canada  field 
pea  you  want.  The  cow  pea  is  as 
tender  as  a  bean. 

Sandy  Roots  and  Cows’  Teeth. 

Does  it  injure  a  cow’s  teeth  or  the  cow 
in  any  way  to  feed  her  dirty  roots?  I 
always  thought  it  did  make  their  teeth 
sore,  but  some  say  it  does  no  harm. 

Saranac  Lake,  N.  Y.  w.  m. 

If  a  large  amount  of  sand  clings  to 
roots  it  might  make  a  cow’s  teeth  sore 
in  time.  Shake  off  the  loose  soil,  as 
the  roots  are  taken  from  the  cellar  or 
pit,  by  picking  up  one  in  each  hand  and 
striking  them  together.  If  they  are  dry, 
as  they  should  be,  this  method  will  re¬ 
move  most  of  the  earth  and  they  will  be 
relished  better  by  the  cows.  Pigs  do  not 
object  if  the  soil  is  not  removed,  in  fact 
the  “dirtier”  the  roots  the  better  for  the 
pigs.  We  believe  that  roots  keep  better 
when  stored  for  the  Winter,  and  come 
out  more  crisp  and  juicy  in  the  Spring, 
if  quite  a  lot  of  soil — which  must  be  dry 
of  course — is  allowed  to  go  into  the  cel¬ 
lar  or  pit  with  them.  c.  S.  M. 

Clover  in  Silo. 

M.  G.,  Pennsylvania. — I  would  like  to 
ask  II.  D.  Williams,  Ohio,  who  writes  on 
page  219  on  clover  silage,  what  diameter 
silo)  he  filled  with  clover  and  whether 
dover  (without  cutting)  would,  in  his 
opinion,  keep  well  in  an  octagonal  silo  8V6 
feet  in  diameter.  I  have  such  a  silo  and 
partly  fllled  it  with  cut  clover  last  year. 

I  found  it  difficult  and  expensive  to  elevate 
(ut  clover  with  a  blower.  The  filling  came 
at  a  time  when  I  should  have  been  cul¬ 
tivating  corn.  I  have  not  used  much  of 
this  silage,  as  I  put  corn  silage  on  top  of 
it  in  Fall,  but  I  feel  confident  that  I  will 
not  get  results  sufficient  to  pay  me  for  the 
loss  in  neglected  corn  crop.  However,  if 
it  will  keep  without  cutting,  it  could  be 
put  in  much  cheaper.  I  will  soon  get  down 
to  the  clover  silage  and  can  then  talk  re¬ 
sults  better  than  now. 

Ans. — I  can  see  no  reason  why  uncut 
clover  would  not  keep  in  8j4-foot  octag¬ 
onal  silo.  Ours,  12  feet  diameter,  25  feet 
high,  is  of  sufficient  height  to  give  pres¬ 
sure.  I  would  advise  thorough  tramp¬ 
ing  in  small  silo,  and  would  use  more 
water  to  add  weight  to  press  all  air  out, 
thus  avoiding  mould.  We  grow  the 
Mammoth  or  big  English  clover,  and  ex¬ 
pected  trouble  in  getting  clover  out  of 
silo,  but  were  very  greatly  surprised. 
Results  were  very  satisfactory. 

Ohio.  H.  D.  WILLIAMS. 

Manuring  Stubble  or  Sod. 

E.  E.  II.,  Germansville,  Pa. — I  have  two 
fields,  one  clover  sod  and  the  other  rye 
stubble.  Nothing  was  done  to  cither  field 
after  hay  and  harvest  were  off.  On  which 
ought  I  to  haul  my  manure,  and  why? 

I 'ye  stubble  will  go  to  corn  and  clover  sod 
to  potatoes. 

We  would  apply  the  manure  to  the  rye 
stubble  for  the  following  reasons :  The 
rye  stubble  will  (other  conditions  being 
equal)  be  more  in  need  of  plant  food, 
especially  nitrogen,  than  the  clover  sod, 
for  clover  always  enriches  the  soil.  The 
clover  sod  will  also  have  the  added  ad¬ 
vantage  of  a  greater  amount  of  humus, 
or  vegetable  matter.  For  the  second 
place,  it  is  much  better  practice  to  apply 
manure,  especially  green  or  coarse  ma¬ 
nure,  to  corn  than  to  potatoes.  Corn 
is  adapted  to  utilize  large  quantities  of 
manure,  for  it  is  a  gross  feeder,  and  : 
especially  needs  the  abundance  of  nitro-  [ 
gen  which  this  most  valuable  of  fertiliz-  ■ 
ers  possesses.  On  the  other  hand,  the  i 
potatoes  will  find  a  very  congenial  home  ! 


in  the  clover  sod,  which  will  be  mellow 
and  rich  in  humus,  and  which  will,  in 
fact,  generally  produce  a  good  crop  of 
potatoes  without  other  fertilizers.  How¬ 
ever,  it  will  usually  pay,  even  upon  a 
clover  sod,  to  use  a  small  amount,  say 
400  pounds  per  acre,  of  some  reliable 
potato  manure.  Rot,  rust  and  scab  are 
much  more  likely  to  attack  potatoes 
grown  upon  soil  where  barnyard  ma¬ 
nure  is  applied  than  upon  soil  enriched 
with  clover  and  commercial  fertilizers. 

C.  S.  M. 


Ruptured  Pig. 

I  have  a  shote  with  a  swelling  at  the 
navel.  What  is  the  trouble?  J.  h.  b. 

There  is  an  umbilical  hernia  and  the 
pig  should  be  slaughtered  for  meat  as  soon 
as  in  fit  condition.  It  does  not  pay  as  a 
general  rule,  to  treat  such  ruptures  In 
swine.  a.  s.  a. 

Lameness. 

A  mare  about  nine  years  old,  used  for 
fjrm  work  and  driving,  had  a  wind- 
gall  on  her  left  front  leg  on  inside  when 
1  got  her  three  years  ago.  It  caused  no 
trouble  for  two  years ;  then  she  occasion¬ 
ally  went  temporarily  lame  on  the  road, 
sometimes  coming  all  right  after  part  of 
journey  completed.  About  six  weeks  ago 
she  went  very  badly  lame  and  I  was  un¬ 
able  to  use  her.  Veterinary  gave  me  lini¬ 
ment  and  used  for  three  weeks,  keeping 
her  in  stable,  but  no  improvement.  He 
then  blistered  leg  and  kept  her  for  a  week 
standing  up.  That  made  slight  improve¬ 
ment,  but  soon  relapsed  as  badly  as  ever. 
Then  he  stated  there  was  a  rupture  in 
that  windgall  and  he  will  have  to  put 
something  on  to  remove  windgall  alto¬ 
gether.  Is  there  a  cure  for  the  trouble? 

Delaware.  w.  w. 

The  windgall  apparently  is  not  the 
cause  of  the  lameness  and  a  more  careful 
examination  should  bo  made.  If  the  mare 
places  the  foot  well  forward  when  stand¬ 
ing  at  rest  the  foot  is  the  seat  of  the 
lameness  and  repeated  blistering  of  the 
coronet  may  do  some  good.  a.  s.  a. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
"a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  20. 


“FOR  DAIRY  COWS” 

An  Easy  Way  to  Compound 
a  Properly  Balanced 
Ration. 


A  good,  substantial  foundation  for  a 
properly  balanced  ration  can  be  ob¬ 
tained  from  a  combination  of  4  lbs. 
Dried  Beet  Pulp  (preferably  moistened 
for  several  hours  before  using)  with  2 
lbs.  41%  Cotton-seed  meal,  or  in  place 
of  the  Cotton-seed  meal  use  3  lbs.  gluten 
feed,  3)4  to  4  lbs.  Distillers’  Dried 
Grains  or  3*4  to  4  lbs.  Dried  Brewers’ 
Grains.  Add  to  this  combination  any 
grain  that  is  available  to  you — corn, 
oats,  buckwheat,  barley,  middlings  or 
bran — and  you  will  have  a  ration  which 
will  closely  approximate  the  Standard. 
If  wheat  bran  or  wheat  middlings  are 
used,  3*4  lbs.  of  Dried  Distillers’  Grains 
or  Dried  Brewers’  Grains  should  be 
ample,  but  with  corn,  oats,  buckwheat 
or  barley,  use  4lbs.  This  recommenda¬ 
tion  assumes  that  your  roughage  iis 
equivalent  in  feeding  value  to  18  lbs.  of 
mixed  hay.  If  the  roughage  is  poor,  it 
may  be  necessary  to  slightly  increase 
the  protein  feed  by  using  a  little  more 
Cotton-seed  meal,  gluten  feed,  Distillers’ 
Dried  Grains  or  Brewers’  Dried  Grains. 

Dried  Beet  pulp  can  be  obtained  from 
local  feed  dealers  generally  or  from 
THE  LARROWE  MILLING  CO., 
1507  Ford  Bldg.,  Detroit,  Mich. 


PLANT  AND  FERTILIZE 

AT  ONE  TRIP 


Eclipse  Gsrn  Planter 

and  Fertilizer  Distributer 

Improved  row  marker.  Wide  range  for  hill 
spacing  8  to  45  inches.  Handles  any  kind  of  fer¬ 
tilizer,  In  any  condition,  50  to  4  .0  lbs.  per  acre. 
We  ma.ke  a  special  gear  which  sows  600  lbs.  per 
acre.  Plants  all  seeds  accurately.  Light  draft 
easily  handled  quick  and  positive  adjustments.’ 
We  also  make  the 

Eclipse  Two-Horse  Two-Row  Planter 

Write  us. 

Belcher  &  Taylor  A.  T.  Co. 

Box  75,  Chicopee  Falls,  Mass. 


An  I H  C  Gasoline 
Engine  Has 
Been  Built 
Especially 
For  You/ 


No  matter  what  kind  of  work  you  want  your  engine  to  do.  Whether  you 
need  1-H.  P.  or  45-H.  P .—whether  you  want  a  vertical  or  horizontal  engine, 
one  that  is  portable,  or  of  the  stationary  type— there  is  an  I  H  C  that  will 
just  meet  your  requirements.  Also  a  line  of  Traction  Engines  in  12,  15,  20, 
25,  and  45-H.  P.  sizes — varied  types. 

The  I  II  C  line  of  Gasoline  Engines  has  been  developed  to  cover  every 
farm  power  need.  The  men  who  are  responsible  for  their  design  and  con¬ 
struction  know  conditions  on  the  farm,  and  they  know  what  is  required 
to  do  all  farm  work  efficiently  and  economically. 

The  next  time  you  are  in  town  call  on  the  I  H  C  local  dealer— explain  the 
work  you  want  your  engine  to  do,  whether  operating  cream  separator,  feed 
grinder,  fanning  mill,  thresher,  spreader,  turning  grind-stone,  sawing  wood, 
etc.,  and  he’ll  show  you  the  engine  to  do  it— do  it  quickly— efficiently— and 
economically  just  as  others  like  it  are  doing  for  thousands  of  other  farmers. 

He’ll  show  you,  too,  the  many  advantages  of  IHC  con¬ 
struction-points  you  ought  to  know  about  if  you  want  the 
most  satisfactory  farm  power  you  can  buy. 

If  you  prefer,  write  for  the  IHC  Gasoline  Engine 
catalogue.  It  gives  all  the  facts.  Address 

International  Harvester  Company  of  America 

(Incorporated) 

Chicago  -  -  USA 


IHC  Service  Bureau 

The  purpose  of  this  Bureau  is  to  furnish  farmers 
■with  information  on  better  farming.  If  you  have 
any  worthy  questions  concerning  soils,  crops,  pests 
fertilizer,  etc.,  write  to  the  IHC  Service  Bureau! 
and  learn  what  our  experts  and  others  have 
found  out  concerning  those  subjects. 


“NEW  MODERN” 


FEED  and 
LITTER 


CARRIERS 


Do  twice  the  work  in  half  the  time. 
THEY  PAY  FOR  THEMSELVES. 
Easy  to  use  and  nothing  to  get  out  of  order. 


"NEW  MODERN” 
Swing  Cattle  Stanchion 

with  individual  manger 
and  watering  basin  is 
the  best  yet. 


"NEW  MODERN” 
Sanitary  Steel  Stalls 

There  is  nothing  bet¬ 
ter  nor  easier  to  keep 
clean. 


Write  for  Catalog. 

GL0R  BROS.  &  WILLIS  MFC.  CO.,  81  Main  St.,  Attica,  N.  Y. 

“  Everything  for  the  Varn.  ’  ’ 


Heavy  Fence 

For  Economy 


W OVEN-WIRE  FENCES  must  be  heavy  as 
they  have  to  turn  animals  by  sheer  strength 
of  the  wire.  A  fence  with  barbs  is  protected 
from  excessive  pressure  because  the  animal  fears  the 
barbs.  Remove  the  barbs  and  the  greatest  strength 
of  the  animal  is  thrown  tipon  the  fence.  Its  wires 
must  be  larger  and  stronger.  To  have  a  long-life 
woven-wire  fence  the  fence  must  be  heavy. 


AMERICAN 

FENCE 

is  a  thoroughly  galvanized  square  mesh  fence  of 
weight,  strength  and  durability.  Large  wires  are 
used  and  the  whole  fabric  is  woven  together  with 
the  American  hinged  joint  (patented)— the  most 
substantial  and  flexible  union  possible.  Both  wires 
are  positively  locked  and  firmly  held  against  side  slip 
and  yet  are  free  to  act  like  a  hinge  in  yielding  to 
pressure,  returning  quickly  to  place  without  bending 
or  injuring  the  metal. 


r  .Stocks  of  American  Fence 

i/cdicrb  Lverywnere  are  carrie(1  jn  every  place 

where  farm  supplies  are  sold.  The  Fence  is  shipped  to  these 
points  In  carload  lots,  thereby  securing  the  cheapest  transpor¬ 
tation,  and  the  saving  in  freight  thus  made  enables  it  to  be  sold 
at  the  lowest  prices.  Look  for  the  American  Fence  dealer  and 
get  the  substantial  advantages  he  is  enabled  to  offer.  He  is 
there  to  serve  the  purchaser  in  person,  offer  the  variety  of 
selection  and  save  the  buyer  money  in  many  ways. 


FRANK  BAACKES,  Vice  President  and  General  Sales  Agent 

American  Steel  &  Wire  Company 

Chicago  New  York  Denver  San  Francisco 

Send  for  copy  of  "American  Fence  News,"  profusely  illustrated,  devoted  to  the  interests 
o'  .armers  and  showing  how  fence  may  be  employed  to  enhance  the  earning  power  of  a  farm 
I'tt’rttished  free  upon  application . 


-422 


March  25, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


I  have  just  received  notice  from  the 
Adams  Express  Company  that  they  are 
ready  to  pay  for  the  eggs  I  shipped  by 
them  to  F.  S.  Graham  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 
in  .July  last,  and  which  wore  never  deliv¬ 
ered.  I  thank  you  for  the  help.  F.  M.  T. 

New  York. 

This  shipment  was  made  in  July,  and 
the  complaint  did  not  come  to  us  until 
January  11,  1911,  and  the  above  ad¬ 
justment  was  made  on  January  28, 
which  was  very  satisfactory  to  us,  but 
the  six  months’  effort  of  the  shipper 
illustrates  the  difficulty  that  an  indi¬ 
vidual  has  in  getting  a  settlement 
through  these  express  companies. 

I  have  an  account  against  the  Donley 
Dumber  Company,  C.  M.  Donley,  of  Win¬ 
field,  Kansas,  for  the  amount  of  $20,  which 
I  wish  you  would  undertake  to  collect  for 
me,  the  account  being  now  nearly  two  years 
old.  C.  A. 

Magnolia,  Texas. 

We  have  been  following  the  claim  for 
some  time,  but  find  that  C.  M.  Donley 
went  into  bankruptcy  some  time  in  the 
early  part  of  1910  and,  of  course,  legally 
wiped  out  all  of  his  previous  debts.  The 
information  is  that  he  is  now  in  the 
vicinity  of  Hoisington,  Mo.  Our  at¬ 
torneys  returned  the  claim  with  the  in¬ 
formation  that  they  are  unable  to  locate 
him,  and  it  seems  to  be  one  of  the  hope¬ 
less  cases. 

I  was  much  interested  in  your  Publisher's 
Desk”  about  the  canceled  stamp  fake.  1 
also  received  one  of  these  letters,  and  sent 
a  registered  letter  to  Miss  Mills,  asking  for 
particulars.  My  letter  was  returned  by 
the  Philadelphia  post  office,  which  advised 
me  that  they  have  received  more  than  200,- 
000  letters  for  “Miss  Mills”  which  they 
could  not  deliver,  as  “she”  could  not  be 
found.  Con  you  give  me  any  idea  as  to 
what  possible  advantage  can  be  gained  by 
the  person  who  starts  one  of  these  chains? 
Thank  you  for  your  good  fight  against  swin¬ 
dles  and  swindlers.  F.  c.  b.  w. 

The  object  of  the  letters  is  probably 
to  get  lists  of  names  and  addresses  in 
order  to  work  some  bigger  fake  later  on. 
Or  it  may  have  been  started  with  the 
hope  of  renovating  the  stamps  so  that 
they  could  be  used  over  again.  The 
chances  are  that  the  scheme  has  been 
abandoned  because  of  some  investigation 
that  has  scared  off  the  promoter. 

A  certain  acquaintance  of  mine  has  been 
trying  to  induce  me  to  buy  stock  in  the 
“Sterling  Magazine,”  published  by  the  West¬ 
ern  Publishing  Company  of  St.  Louis.  Can 
you  give  me  any  information  and  do  you 
think  it  worthy  of  any  consideration? 

Ohio.  E.  F.  E. 

This  seems  to  be  a  new  publication. 
The  standard  authorities  on  publications 
list  it,  but  leave  blank  the  column  for 
circulation  figures.  Other  authorities 
state  the  company  is  not  incorporated, 
so  that  if  it  is  selling  stock  it  must  be 
recently  incorporated.  Our  advice  to 
you  would  be  to  let  these  venturesome 
publishers  finance  their  own  enter¬ 
prises.  There  are  10  failures  in  the 
publishing  business  to  one  conspicuous 
success.  Any  venture  in  a  new  propo¬ 
sition  of  the  kind  is  the  wildest  form  of 
speculation.  We  wish  these  new  ven¬ 
tures  success;  but  the  promoters  ought 
to  risk  their  own  money  and  not  ask 
outsiders  to  help  finance  such  venture¬ 
some  propositions. 

I  have  just  returned  from  a  trip  along 
the  entire  east  coast  of  Florida,  and  I 
want  to  repeat  and  emphasize  what  has 
so  often  been  said  in  this  column  about 
buying  land  in  that  State  of  agents  and 
land  promoters  without  examination  and 
investigation.  The  climate  is  all  right, 
but  you  cannot  live  on  climate,  and  as 
a  speculation  there  is  nothing  in  it  ex¬ 
cept  for  the  promoters.  I  met  one  man 
who  had  bought  a  farm  and  paid  for  it, 
only  to  find  that  his  title  was  no  good, 
and  the  prospects  now  are  that  he  will 
spend  more  in  the  courts  than  he  paid 
for  the  land,  and  probably  lose  it  all. 
The  State  has  no  general  survey,  and 
it  is  said  that  many  deeds  lap  over  on 
the  same  land  and  some  of  them  cover 
the  same  ground.  The  drained  lands 
are  now  worked  with  special  vigor  and 
many  a  hard-earned  dollar  is  finding  its 
way  to  the  land  shark’s  pocket.  The 
best  people  of  Florida  regret  that  these 
conditions  exist.  The  trade  is  no  good 
to  anyone  but  the  promoters.  In  any 
section  the  natives  will  tell  you  the 
truth,  if  you  take  pains  to  go  among 
them.  One  man  said :  “Florida  is  all 
right  if  you  have  made  your  pile;  but 
it  is  no  place  for  a  poor  man  from  the 
North.”  Individuals  will  prosper  there 
as*  elsewhere.  I  would  discourage  no 
one  who  becomes  familiar  with  the 
situation  and  decides  on  a  Florida  home ; 
but  don’t  go  there  looking  for  bargains 
or  snaps. 

Wliat  Is  the  actual  reputation  of  the 
following  real  estate  dealers :  Ilubard  & 
Noble.  Buckingham,  Va. ;  Pyle  &  Co.  Inc., 
Petersburg,  Ya.  ?  t.  c. 

Neither  of  the  real  estate  deallers 
have  any  financial  rating  in  the  sources 
of  information  open  to  us.  We  would 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


never  advise  a  purchase  of  real  estate 
by  mail.  Real  estate  agents,  even  when 
perfectly  honest  and  reliable,  are  looking 
for  commissions,  and  their  descriptions 
of  property  are  likely  to  be  colored  by 
their  desire  for  business.  Besides,  what 
may  seem  good  to  him  may  not  suit 
you.  Before  you  buy  real  estate,  go 
out  and  see  it.  If  you  cannot  do  that, 
leave  it  alone.  While  without  rating, 
the  agent  may  be  in  a  position  to  serve 
you,  and,  of  course,  there  are  honest 
men  in  the  real  estate  agency  business ; 
but  they  have  no  responsibility  to  you  in 
any  event  except  to  negotiate  the  sale 
and  take  their  commission.  There  arc 
many  tricks  resorted  to  in  these  trans¬ 
actions.  First  see  the  land  and  be  sure 
it  has  transportation  facilities.  Then 
be  sure  you  get  the  land  you  inspect. 
This  is  not  as  easy  as  it  seems.  Al¬ 
ways  get  a  reliable  attorney  to  fix  the 
papers  and  locate  the  property.  In  your 
own  neighborhood  this  is  all  easy.  The 
advice  applies  to  sections  where  you  are 
a  stranger. 

I  received  check  for  $12.28  from  Adams 
Express  Company  for  claim  which  you  col¬ 
lected  for  me.  1  am  very  much  obliged  for 
your  assistance.  u.  g. 

New  York. 


POULTRY  SUPPLIES 

Everything  for  the  poultryman  at  low  prices: Auto¬ 
matic  Feeders,  Hall  Mammoth  and  Model  Incuba¬ 
tors.  Feed,  Remedies,  Hen-e-ta,  Knt  Corn,  Liverine, 
LegBands,etc.  Prompt  shipments.  Write  forcatalog. 

HARRIES  &  BENEDICT  CO. 


Keystone  foods 

are  demanded  and  used  by  successful 
poult  rymen  everywhere  because  our 
goods  are  reliable.  Every  ounce  of  grain  is 
clean  and  nourishing.  Lowest  prices.  Full 
weight.  Prompt  shipments.  Satisfaction 

fuaranteed.  Send  to'day  for  Booklet  and 
REE  Souvenir.  Don’t  delay. 


MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1844 
R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 


American  Poultry  Plant 

White  Orpingtons  (Kellerstrass),  White  Leghorns 
(Wyekoff),  Mammoth  Bronze  and  White  Holland 
Turkeys.  Indian  Runner  Ducks.  Quality  and 
superior  egg  production.  Stock  and  eggs  in 
large  quantities.  COLLINS,  OHIO. 


PRIZE  WINNING  STRAINS !  wTu, 

dottes,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  both  combs,  Single 
Comb  White  and  Brown  Leghorns,  eggs  $1.60,  15; 
$7.00,  100.  Light  and  Dark  Brahmas,  $2.00,  15.  Cat¬ 
alog  gratis.  F.  M.  PRESCOTT,  Riverdalo,  N.  J. 


This  claim  was  for  a  shipment  of 
eggs  to  a  New  York  commission  house. 
Adams  Express  Co.  failed  to  make  de¬ 
livery  and  offered  the  shipper  $5.98, 
which  was  less  than  half  the  value  of 
the  eggs.  We  notified  them  we  would 
take  the  matter  up  with  the  Public  Ser¬ 
vice  Commission  unless  settlement  was 
made  promptly  for  the  full  value.  The 
above  letter  shows  the  result. 

I  have  ordered  $3  worth  of  books  in  re¬ 
sponse  to  a  circular  from  “New  York  Nov¬ 
elty  Publishing  Company,”  1182  Broad¬ 
way,  New  York,  and  have  written  twice 
since  and  got  no  reply  to  the  three 
letters.  Are  they  all  right?  Who  should  I 
inform  to  prevent  a  further  wrong  use  of 
mails  by  those  who  swindle  through  the 
mails?  H.  b.  L. 

Iowa. 


White  Wyandottes 

satisfaction.  Selected  eggs,  one  dollar  per  fifteen. 

L.  A.  PAGE,  Old  Bridge,  New  Jersey. 


LAKEHILL  FARM 

W.  H.  THACHKR. 

Single  and  Rose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W.  P.  Rocks 
and  Imp.  Pekin  Ducks.  Cockerels  and  Ducks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  in  any  quantity  from  $2  up. 
Chicks,  $15  per  100.  Ducklings,  $25  per  100.  Write 
for  special  prices  in  large  lots.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  of  hatching  eggs  and  day  old  chicks 
and  ducklings.  Safe  delivery  and  satisfaction 
guaranteed.  CARL  W.  LLOYD,  Mgr., 

Hillside,  Westchester  County.  N.  Y. 


Indian  Runner  Drakes sSa, S !»w£!£: 

FRANK  F.  TERRY,  Assonet,  31ass. 


S.  C.  BI.ACK  MINORCA  COCKERELS 

range  reared.  Eggs  for  hatching;  prices  reason¬ 
able.  JAMES  GOODMAN,  New  Ringgold,  Pa. 


We  are  unable  to  locate  anyone  re¬ 
sponsible  for  this  concern.  Letters  ad¬ 
dressed  to  them  are  returned  by  the 
post  office  with  the  information  that  it 
is  a  fictitious  name.  Some  one  probably 
rented  a  mail  box  at  the  address  and 
assumed  a  name  to  draw  remittances. 
Nothing  can  be  done  in  the  matter  now. 


WHITE  WYANDOTTES  and  Indian  “Genuine  Fawn”  Runner 
Ducks.  Grand  TPtn  and  Lay  Strains.  Stock  and 
Eggs  at  honest  prices.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

Write  0WNLAND  FARM.  Box  497,  South  Hammond,  N.  Y. 


SNOW  WHITE  WYANDOTTE  EGGS  for  hatching,  $1  per  15, 

$5  per  100.  A  few  good  Cockerels.  Circular  free. 
GOLDENROD  FARM,  Dept.  R,  Stewartstown,  Pa. 


SINGI.E-COMB  White  Orpingtons,  Kellerstrass  strain.  Eggs  for 
hatching  $3  per  in;  lrom  prize  winning  stock,  three  cockerels 
$3  each.  W.  A.  KAISER,  2703  Jamaica  Are.,  Richmond  l!iil,L.I 


Mv  wife  answered  a  puzzle  in  an  adver¬ 
tisement  of  a  western  paper.  The  prize  for 
a  correct  answer  was  to  be  $10.  She  got 
a  letter  saying  her  answer  was  correct,  but 
she  has  not  been  able  to  get  the  $10.  She 
was  obliged  to  send  50  cents  for  a  paper 
in  order  to  compete  for  the  prize,  e.  c.  s. 

Maine. 

Puzzles  of  this  kind  are  always  fakes. 
The  puzzles  are  made  easy  so  that  any¬ 
one  can  answer  them  correctly,  and  you 
will  then  send  your  remittance  under 
the  impression  that  you  are  to  get  a 
prize.  In  most  cases  the  prizes  are  never 
sent  at  all,  but  when  the  prize  is  sent 
some  one  thousands  of  others  are  sure  to 
be  disappointed.  Besides  the  original 
disappointment,  your  name  usually  goes 
on  a  sucker  list,  and  is  sold  to  one  fake 
concern  after  another,  and  you  are  con¬ 
tinually  annoyed  with  alluring  and 
fraudulent  schemes,  some  of  which  are 
so  clever  that  you  run  a  chance  of 
being  duped  again  by  them.  Don’t 
answer  any  puzzles  expecting  to  get 
anything  out  of  them.  The  object  is  to 
get  your  money  for  an  article  that  you 
would  not  buy  without  an  allurement 
of  the  kind. 

I  am  enclosing  papers  in  regard  to  a 
claim  for  53  crates  of  tomatoes  which  I 
shipped  by  Southern  Express  Company, 
care  Atlantic  Coast  Dispatch,  and  which 
were  never  delivered  to  my  customer.  These 
53  crates  were  shipped  as  follows:  March  8, 
eight  crates;  March  15,  nine  crates;  March 
24,  three  crates;  March  25,  five  crates; 
March  26,  seven  crates  ;  April  5,  12  crates  ; 
April  6,  nine  crates.  I  sent  William 
Schaefer,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  about  50  crates 
over  other  lines  which  he  received  all 
right,  hut  I  was  notified  in  this  case  they 
could  not  locate  him.  Please  see  what  you 
can  do  with  the  claim.  I  did  not  mark 
the  street  address  on  these  crates,  but 
neither  did  I  on  the  other  crates  he  re¬ 
ceived.  J-  M.  BADER. 

Florida. 

A  letter  from  Mr.  Schaefer,  the  con¬ 
signee  in  this  case,  says : 

I  wish  to  say  these  goods  were  lost  in 
shipment.  Our  address  is  in  both  the  city 
and  telephone  directories.  All  goods  shipped 
bv  Mr.  Bauer  are  properly  tagged,  and 
there  could  be  no  reason  why  the  goods 
could  not  be  received  except  that  they 
were  lost  in  transit.  That  street  address 
was  omitted  is  not  important.  We  always 
call  for  our  goods. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  express  com¬ 
pany  make  the  claim  that  they  were  un¬ 
able  to  make  the  delivery  because  of 
the  failure  of  Mr.  Bauer  to  give  the 
street  number,  but  have  furnished  no 
satisfactory  evidence  that  the  goods 
were  offered  for  delivery.  To  our  mind 
this  is  clearly  a  case  of  responsibility 
of  the  carrier,  and  we  recommend  that 
the  shipper  bring  suit  for  the  recovery 
of  his  loss.  j.  j.  D. 


The  Big  White  Egg  Makers 

Rose  Comb  Black  Minorcas,  Indian  Runner  Ducks. 

The  Big  White  Birds 

Crystal  White  Orpingtons— Utilities,  Beauties. 
Year  round  layers.  Eggs  for  hatching.  Circular 
free.  P.  N.  ADAMS,  Route  1,  Orwell,  Ohio. 


EGGS  FOR  SALE-2gy,.?uc*,My'S<1;,»d 

$4.00  per  hundred.  CHAS.  1.  MILLER,  R.  P.  L>. 
No.  1.  Hudson,  N.  Y. 


f^sTuY.'i  S.  C,  W.  LEGHORN 

Breeding  Hens  at  low  price  to  make  room.  Also 
promising  Cockerels  cheap  in  quantities.  Also  K  I. 
Reds.  Eggs  for  hatching.  St.  Moritz  Farm,  Ramsey,  N.J. 


YOUNG'S  STRAIN  S.  C.  W.  LEGHORNS 


Prize-winning  White  Wyandottes. 

STOCK  AND  EGGS  FOR  SALE 

T.  A.  CLARK,  Rifton,  N.  Y. 


EGGS  FOR  HATCHING 

stock  guaranteed.  H. 


30  for  $1.00.  $3.00 

■  ■him  p0r  ]00.  Good 

A.  THATCHER,  Perulack,  Pa. 


THE  FARMER’S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 


WHITE  EGG  STRAIN  INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS-Thor- 

oughbred,  vigorous  birds.  Wonderful  layers 
of  large  white  eggs;  mated  with  imported  drakes, 
well  marked,  fawn  and  white;  $2.00  for  12;  Buff 
Orpingtons,  $1.50  for  15.  Liberal  discount  for  incu¬ 
bator  eggs.  Cherry  Hili.  Farms,  Pittstown,  N.  J. 

Fine  quality  orp’.ngtons,  black  and  white.  Owens’ 

and  Cook’s  strains.  $2  and  $3  per  sitting.  $10 
per  100.  Rev.  J.  I).  GRAHAM,  Lyonsville.  Mass. 


DPI II I  TRYMPM~Send  10  cents  for  our  fine  60- 
rUULI  II  I  ITILIl  page  Illustrated  Catalogue. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Marietta,  Pa. 


Buff,  Wh.  Leoliorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  S.  C.  R.I.Red. 
Eggs.  90c.  per  16,  $1.50  per  30,  $2.75  per  60,  $1  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  Pa. 


THOROUGH-BRED  POULTRY— Best  twenty  varieties, 
Good  stock.  Eggs,  15,  $1 ;  40,  $2.  Catalogue. 
H.  K.  MOHR,  Quakertown,  Pa.,  Route  3. 


On  EGOS  Sl.oo — Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poiri- 
L U  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Large  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 


AllStill'S  C-  R-  !•  REDS— 200-egg  strain.  Eggs, 
nUollll  o  $].5()  per  setting.  Prices  on  quantities. 
AUSTIN  POULTRY  FARM,  Centre  Harbor,  N.  H. 


S.C.  RHODE  ISLAND  REDS 

At  The  Horseshoe  Road  Poultry  Farm 
WM.  R.  BURKHOLDER,  -:-  Box  152,  R.  5,  Lancaster,  Pa 


Baby  Chicks, 
EGGS  for  Hatch¬ 
ing.  Write  for 
prices.  Address 


To  Hove  Quicklr^£w  JSS’lS 

horns,  S.  L.  and  W.  Wyandottes,  R.  and  S.  C. 
Reds,  W.  and  Barred  Rocks.  Write  for  just  what 
you  want  in  your  first  letter  and  we  will  bo  sure  to 
please  you.  MAPLE  COVE  POULTRY  YARDS,  Athens,  Pa. 


THE  BEST  S.  C.  REDS 

•  •  »  ARE  •  «  • 

DAVIS’  200  EGG  STRAIN 

PAAA  Utility . $1  per  13;  $6  per  100 

LUUv  Special  Matings  ...  $2  per  13;  $10  per  100 

-  Prize  Matings  ....  $5  per  13;  Mammoth 

Hot  Water  Incubator  Baby  Chicks  ....  $15  per  100 
Book  Orders  Note  Circular  Free 

DAVIS  POULTRY  1GAKM,  Berlin,  Mass. 


this  ad. 


“Hatching  Facts”  Free 

Your  address  on  a  postal  brings  la¬ 
test  edition  of  “Hatching  Facts  ”  It 
tells  how  to  start  right  at  least  ex¬ 
pense;  how  Belle  City  won  World’s 
Championship  last  season.  Write  to¬ 
day,  but  if  in  a  hurry  order  direct  from 
J.  V.  Rohan.  Pres.  Belle  City  Incubator  Co. 

•5S  Buys  Best 
140-Egg  Incubator 

Double  cases  all  over  ;best  copper 
tank;  nursery,  self-regulating. 
Best  140-chick  hot-water  brooder, 
$4.85.  Both  ordered  together, 

$1 1.50.  Freight  prepaid  (£.  or 
Rockies). 

No  machines 
at  afly  price 
are  better.  Satisfaction  guar¬ 
anteed.  Write  for  book  today 
or  send  price  now  and  save  time. 

Celle  City  Incubator  Company,  Box  48  Raonef  WucossD 


125  Egg  Incubator  ^  j 
and  Brooder  BVor©! 


Ilf  ordered  together  we  send 
’both  for  SIO.  Freight 
1  paid  east  of  Rockies.  Hot 
water,  copper  tanks,  double  walls, 
double  glass  doors.  Free  catalog 
describes  them.  Send  for  it  today. 

Wisconsin  Incubator  Co., 


Box  1  13, 


Racine,  Wts.  <r“ 


LIFE  PRODUCERS 

SUCCESSFUL  INCUBATORS 

LIFE  PRESERVERS 

SUCCESSFUL  BROODERS 

The  only  machines  that  rival  the  mothez 
hen.  Sold  on  a  Direct-to-You  Fac¬ 
tory  Price.  Get  our  Big  FREE  Incubator  Book  and  save 
40%.  Send  postal  now.  Booklet, “Proper  Care  and  Feeding 
oi  small  Chicks,  Ducks  and  Turkeys"  sent  for  10c. 

OES  MOINES  INCUBATOR  CO.,  90  Second  Si..  Des  Moines,  la. 


end  Free  Book 


Greider’s  Fine  Catalogue 

of  pure  bred  poultry,  for  1911,  over  200 
pages,  57  colored  pictures  of  fowls,  calen¬ 
dar  for  each  month,  illustrations,  descrip¬ 
tions,  photos,  incubators,  brooders,  and 
all  details  concerning  the  business,  where 
and  how  to  buy  fine  poultry,  eggs  for 
hatching,  supplies,  etc.,  at  lowest  cost. 

Send  15c.  B.  H.  Greider,  Boh  58 .  Rheems.  P« 

RICHLAND  FARMS 


Breeders  and  Exhibitors  of 
S.  C.  YVHITK  LEGHORNS, 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS, 

S.  C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS. 
Our  Prices  Hatchinn  Eons— S.  C.  White  Leghorns— One 
setting,  15  eggs,  $2;  two  settings,  30  eggs,  $3.50; 
three  settings,  45  eggs,  $4.75;  one  hundred  eggs,  $8; 
one  thousand  eggs,  $70.  White  Plymouth  Rocks  and  S.  C. 
Black  Orpingtons— One  setting,  15  eggs,  $2.50  and  $5; 
one  hundred  eggs,  $14  and  $28.  Fertility  Guaranteed. 

Our  Prices  Baby  Chicks— S.  C.  White  Leghorns— Fifty  or 
less,  each,  20  cents;  one  hundred,  $15;  one  thousand, 
$125.  White  Plymouth  Rocks  and  S.  C.  Black  Orpingtons— 
Fifty  or  less,  each, '30  cents;  one  hundred,  $25,  We 
guarantee  safe  arrival  of  CHICKS  in  first-class 
condition. 

RICHLAND  FARMS,  Frederick,  Md. 


Bonnie  Brae  White  Leg¬ 
horns  and  Pekin  Ducks 


ARE  BETTER 
than  ever. 
Eggs  from  our 
heavy  laying 
strains  now- 
ready;  also  some  choice  matings  of  Barred  and 
White  Plymouth  Rocks,  Rose  Comb  White  Leg¬ 
horns,  White  Wyandottes,  Single  and  Rose  Comb 
Rhode  Island  Reds,  Light  Brahmas,  Mammoth 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Pearl  Guinea  Fowl.  Orders 
for  early  settings  and  baby  chicks  now  booked. 
Get  some  prize  matings  at  right  prices.  BONNIE 
BRAE  POULTRY  FARM,  NEW  ROCHELLE,  N  Y.  Largest 
successful  plant  in  New  York  vicinity.  10,000-egg 
capacity.  Agents  for  Cyphers  Incubator  Company. 
Correspondence  invited. 

Pure  White  PLYMOUTH  ROCK  EGGS 


For  hatching,  bred  directly  from  the  Graves  strain ; 
acknowledged  everywhere  as  the  leading  strain  of 
this  popular;  variety.  No  pains  or  expense  has 
been  spared  in  obtaining  and  mating  up  some 
grand  birds. 

Exhibition  Mating;. .. .$4.00  per  15 

Utility  Mating .  «.OG  per  15 

A  few  choice  Cockerels  for  sale  cheap.  ■ 
MRS.  C.  S.  GREENE, 

New  Brighton,  Staten  Island,  New  York 


EMPIRE  STATE  S,  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Winners  at  N.  Y.  State  Fair.  Heavy  layers;  trios. 
$5.  Eggs  for  hatching,  $1  for  15,  $5  for  10U.  Cata¬ 
logue  free.  C.  H.  ZIMMER,  Weedsport,  N.  V. 


FARM  BRED  POULTRY-FREE  RANGE 

Partriflge  Cochins,  White  Itocks,  Barred 
Rocks.  Partridge  Wyandottes.  Prize  win¬ 
ning  strains.  Stock  and  eggs. 

MINCII  BROS.,  It- a,  Bridgeton,  JT.  .J. 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS-Hatching  eggs  from 
vigorous  birds  a  specialty.  Quality  kind  at 
right  prices.  Famous  Lakewood  strain. 

SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington,  N  J. 


S.  C,  White  Leghorn  BABY  CHICKS 

$10  per  100  in  any  quantity.  Breeders  are  vigorous 
yearlings  and  2-year-olds.  Circular.  VANCREST 
POULTRY  FARM,  Salt  Point,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y. 


Eggs  For  Hatching-?;, „m.  5X2! 

Indian  Runner  Ducks.  High-class  stock — 
utility,  show  or  export  SINCLAIR  SMITH,  602 
Fifth  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


MT.  PLEASANT  FARM 

A  b  reeding  establishment  of  250  acres, 
devoted  to  developing  the  best 

S.  O.  W.  LEGHORNS 

Fine  Breeding  Cockerels  at  reasonable  prices. 

MT.  PLEASANT  FARM,  Box  Y,  HAVRE  DE  GRACE,  Maryland. 


CHICKS  Baby  CHICKS 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORN  CHICKS  of  Standard  Quality. 

We  guarantee  chicks  to  be  hatched  fiom  eggs  laid 
by  our  own  breeders  and  shipped  only  when  day-old. 

We  Can  Please  You.  We  Will  Please  You. 

Mammoth  Hot  Water  Incubator  having  a  capa¬ 
city  of  10,200  eggs. 

Have  Your  Orders  Booked.  Circular  Free. 

SPRING  WATER  POULTRY  FARM,  Stockton,  New  Jersey. 


Rp  D  I  RCnC— BEST  WINTER  LAYERS. 

■  Ui  il«  li  nCUvJ  Eggs  for  hatching,  $1  for  15. 
K.  F.  DEMAREST,  Mt.  View,  Passaic  Co.,  N.  J. 


Van  Alstyne’s  Rhode  Island  Reds 

10  Utility  Cockerels  at  $3.00  each;  1 00  S.  C.  Year¬ 
ling  Hens  at  $2.00  each;  50  S.  C.  surplus  Pullets  at 
$2.50  each.  Eggs  for  hatching  in  any  number. 

JAS.  F.  VAN  ALSTYNE,  Kiuderliook,  N.Y. 


191] 


THE  RURAL 


CONTENTS 


The  Rural  New-Yorker,  March  25,  1911. 

FARM  TOPICS. 

A  Barn  of  Terra  Cotta . 385,  386 

A  Dumper  Corn  Crop  in  Kentucky...  386 

Co-operative  Marketing,  No.  1 .  386 

Inheritance  in  Corn  Ears .  387 

Crass  on  Commercial  Fertilizer  Alone  387 

Exterminating  Wild  Carrot .  388 

Tomato  Peelings  for  Fertilizer .  392 

“Renovating  Land”  .  393 

Some  Alfalfa  Questions .  393 

An  Experiment  with  Land .  393 

Farming  a  Small  Farm .  394 

Potato  Crowing  in  Michigan .  397 

Wood  Ashes  and  the  Potato  Scab....  39S 

Handling  Seed  Potatoes .  400 

Hope  Farm  Notes  .  402 

The  Canadian  Wheat  Crop...-. .  405 

Vermont  or  Maryland .  405 

Late  Seeded  Rye;  Timothy  in  Spring.  413 

Manuring  Stubble. . .  421 

Nitrate;  Millet;  Cow  Peas .  421 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

That  West  Virginia  Poultry  Plant.  .  .  .  399 

How  Creamery  Promoters  Work .  410 

Still  Another  Horse  Company .  411 

State  Milk  Commission .  411 

Cull  Potatoes  for  Stock  Feeding .  412 

Hi  me  Pigs  .  412 

The  Dairymen's  League .  412 

Chorea  .  412 

Horse  Feeding  Advice .  413 

Expensive  Ration  . . .  413 

Black  Teeth  in  Pigs .  413 

Horse  With  Tender  Feet .  413 

Scours  .  413 

Tetanus  .  413 

A  Ration  for  Calves .  414 

Improving  the  Ration .  414 

Feeding  for  Yellow  Milk..' .  414 

Peavine  Silage  with  Grain .  414 

Hog  Ration  ;  Fattening  a  Cow .  414 

Homemade  Brooder .  415 

All  Sides  of  the  Chicken  Business....  415 

Fried  Oats  . .  415 

Nest  Making  .  415 

A  “Frost-Proof”  Hen .  416 

Clover  Silage  .  416 

Dipping  Eggs  to  Prevent  White  Diar¬ 
rhoea . 417 

The  Ilcnyard  .  417 

The  “Coming  Back"  of  Missy .  418 

Rickets  .  418 

Molasses  for  Horse .  418 

Heaves  . . .  418 

Lameness  .  418 

Milk  .  420 

The  Foley  Milk  Bill .  420 

Feeding  Apple  Pomace  to  Cow .  420 

Clover  Silage  .  421 

Sandy  Roots  and  Cow's  Teeth .  421 

Lameness  .  421 

Storing  Wet  Grains .  421 

HORTICULTURE. 

Cherries  for  Northern  New  York .  388 

Young  Orchard  on  Rocky  Ground....  388 

Barren  Quince  .  388 

Sediment  in  Lime-Sulphur .  388 

Methods  of  Setting  Strawberries .  388 

Lime  for  Sweet  Peas  and  AsteKS .  388 

Sawdust  Mulch  for  Raspberries .  388 

A  Way  to  Beat  the  Cutworm .  389 

Apple  Culture  in  New  York .  389 

Strawberries  in  the  Cold  Country....  390 

Facts  About  Japan  Plums .  390 

Some  Apples  for  Ohio .  390 

Change  the  Bearing  Habit .  390 

Those  Big  Walnut  Trees .  392 

Ants  in  Mushroom  Bed .  392 

Substitute  for  Manure  in  Hotbeds.  .  .  .  392 

A  Guarantee  for  Trees .  393 

Who  “Produced"  Abundance  Plum?  394 

Fool  Talk  About  Sulphur  and  Potash..  395 

Questions  About  Spraying .  395 

Apples  for  Western  New  England....  396 

Lake  Erie  and  Lake  Ontario .  396 

Orchard  Fruits  for  Pennsylvania....  397 

Seedling  Apple  and  Pear .  398 

The  Concentrated  Lime-Sulphur  Mix¬ 
ture  .  400 

A  Nearly  Year- A  round  Vegetable  Gar¬ 
den  .  401 

An  Arkansas  Lawn  .  401 

Laying  Out  Home  Grounds .  403 

A  Mulched  Peach  Orchard .  403 

Hudson  Valley  Apple  Growers .  405 

Apple  Trade  With  Germany .  405 

Apples  for  Southwest  Iowa .  405 

Prizes  for  Orchards .  405 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day .  406 

A  Group  of  Young  Gardeners .  406 

More  About  Popovers . 406 

Keeping  Goose  Grease .  407 

Those  Shoe  Numbers .  407 

To  Keep  Ham  for  Summer  Use .  407 

Liwn  Furniture  and  City  Boarders..  407 

Some  Annuals  for  Cut  Flowers .  408 

The  Rural  Patterns  .  408 

Removing  Stsiins  .  408 

Homemade  Wneatlet  . ; .  408 

Achimenes  and  Primulas  .  409 

Puddings  in  Variety .  409 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Home  Canning  Outfit .  389 

House  Drainage  .  390 

Non- Twisting  Fence  Post .  392 

The  King  Drag .  395 

Power  of  a  Water  Wheel .  395 

Water  Company  and  Wells .  395 

Cook  the  Pork!  Cook  It  Well! .  395 

Destroying  Willow  .  395 

Products,  Prices  and  Trade .  390 

A  Well  in  Sandy  Soil .  400 

A  Cheap  Brown  Paint .  400 

Editorials  .  404 

Events  of  the  Week .  405 

Cement  for  a  Barn  Wall .  410 

Figuring  Cement  and  Sand .  411 

Publisher’s  Desk  . 422 


Lymphangitis. 


I  have  a  mare  that  got  hurt  in  her 
hind  leg  last  Fall.  It  swelled  up  right  up 
under  her  body,  but  I  got  the  soreness  and 
lameness  out  by  applications  of  hot  water. 
It  has  left  her  with  a  large  leg.  What  can 
I  do  to  reduce  this?  It  does  not  affect  her 
trotting,  but  it  spoils  a  sale.  j.  j.  b. 

Delaware. 

The  swelling  cannot  be  wholly  removed, 
but  improvement  will  follow  if  you  allow 
a  large  box  stall  in  stable  and  band- 
the  leg  from  foot  to  hock  each  time 
comes  in  from  work  or  exercise.  Do 
allow  her  to  stand  for  a  single  day 
in  the  barn.  a.  s.  a. 


her 

age 

she 

not 

idle 


Trembles, 


along  iu 
well  till 
begin  to 
terribly, 
what  shall 
F.  E. 


I  have  a  horse  that  is  getting 
year,s  and  has  always  been  very 
within  a  short  time.  When  I 
use  her  she  shakes  and  trembles 
What  is  the  cause  of  it  and 
I  do  for  it? 

Rhode  Island. 

We  cannot  give  a  confident  opinion  in 
this  case.  If  the  symptoms  came  on  sud¬ 
denly  tetanus  (lockjaw)  would  be  a  pos¬ 
sible  cause.  One  might  also  suspect  St. 
Vitus’  dance  ( chorea  ),  or  forage  poisoning. 
Better  have  an  examination  made  by  an 
expert.  a.  S.  a. 


Rickets. 

I  have  a  Fall  pig  that  is  weak  in  his 
hind  quarters ;  seems  to  bo  perfectly 
healthy  in  other  ways,  eats  well  and  seems 
to  take  plenty  of  exercise,  but  does  not 
seem  to  have  strength  enough  in  his  hind 
quarters  to  hold  himself  up.  I  have  given 
him  one  teaspoonful  castor  oil,  10  grains 
phosphate  of  lime,  and  four  drops  nux 
vomica  in  feed  twice  a  day  for  some  time 
but  can  see  no  material  change  for  the 
better.  Now  I  am  giving  him  a  small 
quantity  of  turpentine  in  feed.  c.  a.  p. 

Michigan. 

teed  the  pig  on  milk,  middlings  and  lime 
water,  and  make  it  live  an  outdoor  life  so 
tar  as  possible.  Phosphate  of  lime  in  tea- 
spoonful  doses  twice  daily  might  do  good, 
soon  as  pig  improves  add  cornmeal, 
ran  and  ground,  screened  oats  to  the 


As 


ration. 


A.  S.  A. 


Alfalfa  and  Apples. — In  our  New  Mex¬ 
ico  irrigation  district  Alfalfa  and  apples 
are  leading  crops.  The  Alfalfa  goes  largely 
into  Texas  in  bales  of  about  65  pounds 
each.  Small  bales  sell  best,  as  it  retails 
largely  to,  draymen.  It  brings  about  .$10 
per  ton.  We  also  harvest  Alfalfa  seed. 
We  have  harvested  as  high  as  800  pounds 
of  seed  to  the  acre,  but  250  pounds  is  a 
fair ,  acreage.  The  straw  is  worth  $7  to 
$8  per  ton  baled.  We  have  no  rain  at 
harvest  time,  so  that  Alfalfa  is  perfectly 
and  easily  cured.  The  long  tap  roots  go 
down  into  the  soil  and  keep  the  plant 
alive ;  but  to  produce  growth,  you  must 
depend  on  the  fertility  and  roots  at  surface. 
We  irrigate  about  three  inches  deep  for 
best  results. 

Here  the  Ben  Davis  is  a  good  apple. 
It  goes  under  the  name  of  Victoria.  The 
Arkansas  Black  is  another  good  apple, 
and  black  as  mahogany.  Other  popular 
apples  with  us  are  Grimes  Golden,  Mam¬ 
moth  Black  Twig,  and  Jonathan.  The 
best  seller  this  year  was  Stark’s  Delicious. 
It  is  a  Fall  apple  .  with  us,  but  so  is 
Jonathan  and  many  of  the  Eastern  and 
Northern  Winter  varieties..  d 


1 1S/L  E 


FOR  AGRICULTURAL  PURPOSES 

Mixtures  of  Potash,  Phosphate  Rock  and  Lime  of 
different  proportions 

LAND  PLASTER, 

PHOSPHATE  ROCK, 
AGRICULTURAL  SALT,  Etc. 

ALL  GUARANTEED 
AGENTS  WANTEL 

Caledonia  Chemical  Co.,  Caledonia,  N.  Y. 

R  A  R  R  A  I  M-NEW  SPRAYING  OUTFIT-A  Niagara  Gas 
unilUnl  II  .Sprayer,  150  gallons,  with  new  spe¬ 
cially  built  truck.  For  particulars  write 

W.  J.  SCHOONMAN,  Danielson,  Conn. 

WE -SAVE  YOU  $5 

On  Your  Incubator  and  Brooder 

Before  you  pay  any  price  to  any¬ 
body,  write  us  quick  for  our  start¬ 
ling  offer  on  highest  quality  ma¬ 
chines  made.  A  real  hatcher  and 
brooder  at  a  price  that  makes  this 
the  rbiggest  genuine  bargain  of 
the  year.  UKST  RESULTS  »nd  BIOUEST 
PROFITS  for  owner*.  Wait  till  jou  get  oat 
book  and  price  before  you  buy.  'Addreia 

Vhe^Jnite^actone^C^^lyjWXJDjCleveland^. 


12 


CYPHERS  MODEL  OUTDOOR  COLONY  BROODERS  ii 

good  condition  $9.00  each;  cost  $15.00. 

F.  B.  DILTS,  Flemington,  N.  J. 


FDR  SAI.E-6RADE  GUERNSEYS  P-g;  T?: 

EGGS 


from  high  record  W.  P.  Rock 
Hens,  $2  for  15,  $5  for  45. 

A.  S.  BRIAN,  Mt.  Kisco,  N.  Y. 


PULLETS 


;S.  C.  W.  LEGHORNS — Booking  orders 
future  delivery.  Hatching  eggs  from 
vigorous  birds  for  prompt  shipment.  Limited 
number  choice  breeders.  Lakewood  and  Youngs 
strains.  J.  L.  ELLIOTT,  Flemington,  N.  J 


Orpingtons,  it.  ('.  Huffs,  S.  C.  White's  Kgics  for  hatching  13 
$1.50.  Fertility  guar't’il.  Allen  F.  Smith.  Griswoldville, Ms 


for 

Maaa. 


"Bred  to  Lay,  Sure  to  Pay” 
S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 
WYCKOFFS  STRAIN 


TURKEY  EGGS, 


Eggs  from  vigorons  ma¬ 
ture  birds,  result  of  seven 
years  breeding  on  the 

uirtu  r.nu  c  .  _  ,360„  A.  free  range.  LAKE- 
VIEW  FARM,  Ebbs  and  Stock,  R.  F.  0.  2,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 

M.  B.  Narra,  and  White 
id  o  „  t>.  r  -  Holland,  $3.00  for  12.  B. 

P  Rox,  8.  C.  Black  Minorcas,  S.  C.  R.  I.  Reds, 
8ilver,  Goluen  and  White  Wyandottes,  8.  C. 
White  Leghorns.  All  Eggs  $1.00  for  17.  Pekin 
Duck  Eggs,  $1,00  for  13.  Tool.  Goose  Eggs,  $3.00 
for  12.  W  .  K  .  CARLE, 

R.  F.  D.  No.  1,  Jaeobsburg,  Ohio. 

[HITE  HOLLAND  TURKEYS  from  prize 
winners  at  bargain  prices.  White  Wyandotte 
eggs  for  hatching.  H.  W.  Anderson,  Stewartstown,  Pa. 

RIANT  RRHN7F  turkey  eggs,  $3.00  Per 

UIHIll  DnUliLL  10;  Rose  Comb  R.  I.  Red 
Eggs,  $1.00  per  15:  Indian  Runner  Duck  Eggs.  $1.00 
per  10.  SHROPSHIRE  SHEEP. 

H.  J.  VAN  DYKE,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 


W' 


EGGS 

i  Price  List 


-MAMMOTH  BRONZE  TURKEYS, 
Pearl  Guineas,  Indian  Runner  Ducks  and 
Barred  Plymouth  Ifocks.  Write  forFroe 

_ C.  ADELL  KAYNER,  West  Falls,  N.  V. 

BRONZE  GOBBI  FRS~No  ,,ens  for  sale.  if  you 

,  t  .  n  a  choice  breedingtom. 

address  L.  B.  Ouioley,  Box  26G,  Goshen,  Branoe  Co.,  N.  Y, 

DUFF  .  ORPINGTON,.  DUCKH.  twice  won  the  Australian 
if  laying  contests.  Three  years  unbeaten  show  record. 
List  furnished.  Dunrobin  Farm.  Chatham.  New  Jersey. 

C  —  Prize -Winning  Breeding 
^  Stock-Black  Orpingtons 

and  Minorcas.  QUOQUETAUG  FARMS,  Old  Mystic,  Cotm. 


NEW-YORKER 

EASY  MONEY 

We  want  a  responsible  agent  in  t  our  com¬ 
munity  to  handle  local  sales  for  us,  direct 
from  factory  to  home.  This  is  an  opportunity 
for  you  to  save  yourself  or  friends  the  dealer’s 
large  profits  on  a  High  Grade  Piano. 
Straight  from  the  maker  to  the  home  on 
thirty  days’  free  trial.  Send  stamp  at  once 
for  Beautiful  Illustrated  Catalogue  and 
special  agents’  proposition. 

F.  J.  HAGGERTY  CO. 

Manufacturers — Distributers 
High-Grade  Pianos 
WARREN,  PENNSYLVANIA 

423 

■» 

pi-KASE  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com- 
1  mission  Mouse  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter, 
Eggs,  Poultry,  Pork,  Calves,  Hay,  Grain.  Beans, 
Appies.etc.  K.  It.  WOODWARD,  80U  Oreennieli  81.,  N.Y. 

JELUFFE,  WRIGHT  &  COMPANY, 

Commission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St„  New  York, 
Poultry,  Eggs,  Meats,  Produce.  Shipments  Solicited. 

Boston  Produce  Go. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.,  -  Boston. 

JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY. 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 

HICKORY  DALE  FARM 

Berkshires  and  Wyandottes.  Berkshires  are  from 
prize-winning  stock;  in  pairs  not  related.  Stock  of 
all  ages.  Columbian  Silver  Laced  and  Huston’s 
White  Wyandotte  Eggs  from  selected  stock,  $2.00 
for  15:  $3.50  for  30.  My  stock  pleases  the  buyers. 

J.  ALONZO  HULSE,  Wading  Itiver,  N.  Y. 

Rplawarp  Fannc _ Now  is  the  timeto-buy  them. 

UCiandlB  rdllllS  Gen.  du  Pont,  President  of 

the  du  Pont  Powder  Co.,  presented  Delaware  with  a 
Macadam  Road  through  entire  state  When  completed 
farms  will  be  worth  twice  the  money  asked  now.  Send 
for  our  catalogue,  free.  FOH  I>  A  KKIS,  Ine.,  Dept. 
II.,  Wllmfncrl on,  J>cl. 

FOR  SALF-^™,1  in,  Freetown,  New  York,  near 
IU II  UH LL.  Cortland;  132  acres,  well  watered; 
bne  dairy  farm  with  good  buildings;  adjoins  the 
,  r:,V,V,a.rf.1,^ar,m’  Price’  *3,000  net.  Address  HARRY 
D.  IRAI-P,  R.  D.  No.  17,  Feekvillk,  N.  Y, 

A  60  ACRE  FARM  FOR 

no  buildings,  no  stork.  Apply  to  owner  ’ 

MINT&ENK  FARM,  North  Water  Gap,  Pa. 

R.  C.  RHODE  ISLAND  REDS 

Eggs  from  heavy  laying  utility  birds,  $1.00  per  15 

BRUSH  &  SONS . Milton,  Vt. 

IRfl  SALE  CHEAP,  ill  fertile 

IUU  1  Ul  1110  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horace  G.  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa. 

HONE'S  “BRED  TO  LAY”  R.  C.  REDS  and  MAMMOTH 

II  BRONZE  TURKEYS  win  at  Schenectady,  1911,  1st  and 

3rd  hen;  2nd  and  3rd  pnl lot ;  2nd  and  3rd  cock¬ 
erel;  1st  Bronze  Tom,  and  3rd  pullet.  A  prize  for 
every  bird  exhibited.  Eggs  from  choice  matings 
at  reasonable  prices.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  I).  U. 
HONE,  Crescent  llill  Farm,  Sharon  Springs,  N.  Y. 

WANTFO  9n  Poultry  Fanil,  single  man  who  un¬ 
it  nn  i  i_u  derstands  general  farm  work:  no  rnm. 
State  wages  expected  by  year  and  inclose  references 
m  first  letter.  G.  W.  HULL,  Guilford,  Conn. 

EGGS  FOR  HATCHING 

from  good  vigorons  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns  that  have 
given  me  not  less  than  33ln  per  cent,  egg  yield 
since  Dec.  1.  $1  per  15,  $3  per  50,  $5  per  100. 
B.  B.  CHASE,  Wyoming,  Del. 

FARMQ  F9r  SME— Have  large  list  of  good  dairy 
.properties,  Write  for  list. 
OGDEN  S  AGENCY,  Walton,  Delaware  Co.,  N.  Y. 

FOR  SALEaTO  SETTLE  AN  ESTATE 

300  acre  farm  in  town  of  Springfield,  Vt.,  l'-j  miles 
v  station,  at  Bartonsville,  two  story 

stone  house,  5  hams,  sugar  and  apple  on-hards, 
plenty  wood  and  lnm her.  Price  $.1,800.  Address 

F.  C.  ADAMS,  Chester  Depot,  Vt. 

Eloveaa.  First  Frizes 

At  leading  Poultry  Shows,  Indian  Runner  Ducks  and 
ltoueu  Ducks.  Madison  Square  Garden  Winners  our  Rose- 
comb  Black  Minorcas  won  Silver  Cup  at  Paterson,  and 
Barred  Plymouth  Rocks.  All  eggs  *2.00  per  15,  $::.50  pei-30. 
Pci'  100.  Also  pure  bred  Angora  Goats  and  Collie  Dogs, 
$10  and  up.  CLARK  FARIVI,  BOONTON,  N.  J. 

VIRGINIA  FARIVI  FOR  SALE 

\  ory  fertile  farm  of  150  acres.  New  seven  room 
house.  Barns  and  out  buildings  in  good  repair. 
Orchard  of  100  full  bearing  apple  trees.  Only  one 
mile  trom  ehnrches  and  school.  Many  other  farms 
m  beautiful  Fauquier  County  for  sale.  Write  for 
prices  and  descriptions.  Address 

HARRY  M.  HP  FiBELL,  Warrentown,  Virginia. 

PfifJQ  Guaranteed  fertile;  from  range  -  grown 

u.D,  r  nour’i.o.'M  Plofits  at  the  egg  basket 

MAPLE  COVE  POULTRY  FARM  .  .  R,  D.  24,  Athens,  Pa. 

UTILITY  RRFFn^-^Ioun  tain  air>  open-front 

•  t>i  , ,  L U 0  honse  stock  eggs  for  hatch- 

«?,?•  Black  Orpington  or  R.  I.  Reds,  *2  DO  per  15 
White  Wyandottes  or  B.P,  Rocks,  Si. 00  per  15  R  I 

P.Qj !  _  Cock  ere  Is ,  Angora  Goats  and  Kids  for  sale. 

SH0H0LA  FRUIT  AND  POULTRY  FARM  .  .  Sliohola,  Pa. 

GENTLEMAN’S  FARM,  STOCK  AND  TOOLS 

1' OR  SALE — Eighty-tliree  acres,  fourteen  room 
honse,  basement  barn,  30x42,  twenty  cow  stalls 
wagon  house,  30x42,  com  house,  hen  house,  fifteen 
cows  and  heifer,  two  horses,  hinder,  mower,  sulky 
plow,  cultivator,  rake,  two  seated  carriage,  sleighs, 
sleds,  gasolene  engine,  saw,  ensilage  cutter,  twenty 
tons  of  hay,  400  bushels  of  oats,  ten  tons  of  straw. 
Everything  ready.  Milk  bringing  nearly  $100  a 
mouth  Allfor  $6,300,  part  cash.  HALL'S  FARM 

\A/RIGHT'S  WHITE  WYANDOnE  WINNERS— Eggs,  $4.00 
"  for  100.  Baby  Chix,  $12.50  for  100;  $7  00  for  50 
GRAND  VIEW  FARM,  Stanfordville,  N.  Y. 

EGGS— $1  pci-  15,  $2  per  -lo  of  Tlior.  Brahmas.  Rocks,  Wyan- 
iloties,  Red",  Minorcas,  Hnndana,  Leghorns,  Hamburg";  lfl  v»r 

28  years’  experience.  Catalogue.  S.  K.  Mohr,  Cooperating,  Pa. 

AGEiSLY,  Owego,  Tioga  County,  New  York. 

BURR’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTES 

By  12  years’  breeding  and  careful  selection  have  developed 
winning  quality  and  great  egg  production.  Farm  raised, 
free  range.  Eggs,  $5.00  per  hundred  ;  $1  per  setting  85* 
fertility.  WILLIAM  O.  BURR.  Fairfield.  Conn. 

FflR  ^Al  F-|MPR0VED  ENGLISH  YORKSHIRE  SWINE. 

1  Ull  OnLL  Young  bred  sous  and  young  boars 
ready  for  service,  also  young  pigs.  Address 

C.  H.  FARNHAM,  Drocton,  New  York. 

Pfllli  TRY-35  Breeds.  Bred  for  Laying. 

1  UULI  11  1  Large  circular  illustrated  in  colors 
Free.  JOHN  E.  FlEATWOLE,  Harrisonburg,  Va. 

C  0  IA I  LEGHORN  EGGS  for  hatching.  Good  laying 
Oi  UiVfi  strain,  *1  per  15,  $5  per  100.  Also  Baby 
•Chicks.  GEO.  LUNDGREEN,  Wyoming,  Del. 

India  Runner  Ducks,  S.  C.  White  Leghorns 

Eggs  for  Hatching.  Send  for  Circular. 

F.  J.  FULLER,  Waterport,  Orleans  County,  New  York 

R.  C.  Black  Minorca  Cockerels  and  Eggs. 
Prices  right.  ALBERT  PUTNAM,  Sprakers,  N.  Y. 

T)  C.  B.  MINORCAS;  great  layers;  eggs,  $1.00 
1V‘  for  15.  GEO.  BOWDI8H,  Esperauce,  N.  Y. 

BUFF  WYANDOTTES_®Ltting  of 

15.  LAWRENCE  ES8ELSTYN,  Claverack,  N.  Y. 

FfiCQ  FROM  WINNERS— Anconas,  $1.50  per  15;  Wyc- 
LUUO  koff’s  White  Leghorns.  $1.00  per  15.  Satisfac¬ 
tion  guaranteed.  OAKDALE  FARM,  R-2,  Chester,  N.  J. 

Thirty  Years  Breeder 

and  Dealer  Purebred  Poultry. 

R.  T.  PAXTKItSON,  Newtown,  Conn. 

WILD  AND  BRONZE  TDRKEY  EGGS-Chicken  E0«s.  Hand- 
** —  ■  -  some  Catalog  2  ct. 

stamp,  showing  pure  wild  gobbler  from  the  moun¬ 
tain.  VALLEY  VIEW  POULTRY  FARM,  Belleville,  Pa. 

For  BIGGER  crops  and  BETTER  use 


Shipped  in  100-lb.  bags,  handy  to  handle,  in  powder  form  ready  for  use.  No 
waste  in  slaking  and  screening  —  every  bit  available  for  distribution  by  hand  or 
spreader.  Delivered  in  carloads  of  20  tons  to  New  Enghuid  points  for  $8.00  to  $9.00 
per  ton,  price  varying  witli  freight  rates,  or  write  to  us  for  name  of  nearest  dealer  from 
whom  you  can  buy  any  amount. 


Lime  feeds  run-down  land.  Lime  sweetens  land  soured  by  fertilizers.  Lime 
shakes  up  clogged  soil  and  holds  together  soil  that  is  too  loose.  The  cost  is  only  a 
fraction  of  the  extra  profit  you  will  get  by  using  it. 


Our  free  booklet,  “Liming  the  Land,”  tells  about  the  when,  where  and  liow  of  liming. 


ROCKLAND-ROCKPORT  LIME  CO. 

Boston,  34  Milk  St.  Rockland,  Me.  New  York,  Fifth  Ave.  Bldg. 


The  harder  you  work  the  Louden  nay  Carrier  and  the 
heavier  you  load  it,  the  better  it  shows  up.  You  can’t 
break  it  down— years  of  hard  service  won’t  send  the 

LOUDEN  HAY  CARRIER 

to  the  repair  shop.  It  lasts  a  lifetime.  Itslockhas  a 
square  catch  and  cannot  possibly  wedge  or  fail  to  work. 

The  powerful  wheel  arms  will  never  spread.  All  twist 
and  kink  are  let  out  of  tho  rope  by  oar  simple  patented 
ropcBwivel,  the  only  successful  swivel  on  the  market.  Won’t  bind 
on  the  track,  has  adjustable  stops. 

The  Louden  Balance  Grapple  Fork  is  the  best  fork  ever  built.  Will 
handle  dry  clover,  alfalfa  or  thrashed  straw  where  all  others  fail. 
The  Louden  Hay  Carrier  and  Louden  Grapple  Fork  will  work 
in  any  barn  and  handle  all  kinds  of  bay  with  more  satisfaction 
than  any  others.  See  them  at  your  dealer’s— If  he  does  not  have 
them,  write  us. 

Send  for  catalog  of  complete  barn  and  cow  stable  fixtures- 
Hay  Carriers,  Door  Hangers,  Lifter  and  Feed  Carriers.  Cot 
Stalls,  Cow  Stanchions  etc.— also  our  FREE  BOOK  on  the 
value  of  manure  and  how  to  care  for  it. 

LOUDEN  MACHINERY  CO., 

601  Broadway,  Fairfield,  Iowa. 


424 


THE  RURAI.  NEW  -YORKER 


March  25,  1910. 


Use  This  Gasoline  Engine 

FOR  TEN  DAYS 


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Let  us  send  you  a  genuine  Schmidt’s  Chilled  Cylinder  Gasoline  Engine 
on  an  absolutely  free  ten  day’s  trial.  Let  this  power  helper  come  to  your 
farm  and  help  you  with  your  hard  work  for  ten  days,  positively  and  ab¬ 
solutely  free,  just  as  we  say.  What  a  chance  to  finish  up  the  hardest  kind  of  work 
you  can  find — the  farm  drudgery  you’ve  been  putting  off  so  long — clean  it  all  up  in  ten 
days;  and  every  hour’s  work  done  at  our  expense  on  this  absolutely  FREE  trial  offer! 

Yes,  we  will  send  this  Schmidt  Chilled  Put  the  engine  to  the  hardest  work  you 
Cylinder  Gasoline  Engine  for  you  to  use  can  find  for  ten  days,  on  this  absolutely  free 
on  your  own  farm  absolutely  free  for  ten  trial  offer.  Then  at  the  end  of  ten  days 
days.  Use  it  just  as  though  it  were  your  very  -f  can  find  the  slighest  objection  to  it, 
own.  Use  it  for  any  kind  ot  work  you  want  J  .  ,  ”  .  ,  . 

done— let  it  saw  up  your  winter's  wood,  let  it  or  if  you  decide  you  can  get  along  without 

pump  your  water,  let  it  grind  your  feed*  it,  send  it  back  at  our  expense  • 

Keep  Your  Money  in  Your  Pocket 

You  don’t  need  to  send  us  a  cent!  When  we  say  FREE  we  mean  FREE!  This  is  a  fair,  square 
and  stupendous  liberal  FREE  offer  in  every  sense.  We  want  to  prove  it  to  you  at  our  expense. 

We  know  that  many  so-called  free  offers  have 

‘  -  We 


been  made  that  are  not  what  they  seem, 
know  that  some  dealers  ask  for 
deposits  or  agreements  and  all 
kinds  of  promises  before  you  ever 
see  the  engine.  What  then  ?  If 
you  want  to  send  the  engine  back 
to  those  dealers  there  is  so  much 
red  tape  necessary  to  get  back 
that  deposit  or  to  be  released  from 
the  agreement,  that  the  whole 
affair  is  an  aggravating  waste  of  ( 
time  and  money — more  trouble  1 
than  it  is  worth. 

But  here  is  our  offer:  We  send  Vi!!  -  -  %*uyi 

you  the  engine  itself  for  your  v 

immediate  use.  You  have  the  " 

engine.  We  don’t  ask  a  cent 
from  you.  We  don’t  ask  you  for 

a  deposit.  There  is  no  C.  O.  D.  tous  and  no  agreements  to  sign,  and  no  security.  We  simply  want  you  to  try 
the  engine  on  its  merits  and  if  it  doesn't  make  good  on  every  claim  for  it,  send  it  back  to  us  at  our  expense. 
Nothing  could  be  fairer  or  plainer  than  this.  We  bike  all  the  risk.  You  have  possession  of  the  engine  and  the  absolutely  free  use  of 
it  for  ten  days  without  a  cent  of  deposit,  no  C.  O.  I),  of  any  kind  to  us  or  even  a  statement  whether  you  intend  to  keep  it  or  not.  You 
are  entirely  free  to  decide  as  you  like.  This  is  indeed  a  wonderful  offer,  but  we  know  that  the  Schmidt  Chilled  Cylinder  Gasoline 
Engine  is  a  wonderful  machine,  and  we  want  you  to  prove  it  by  au  actual  free  trial  on  your  own  work. 

Schmidt’s  Chilled  Cylinder  Engine 


iniv 


Talks  For  Itself 


That  is  the  reason  we  can 
make  this  stupendous  offer! 
We  know  that  the  engine 

itself  will  show  you  what  it  can  do  better  than  volumes  of  what  we  could  say  about  it.  The  engine 
itself  tells  the  story.  Every  turn  of  its  perfect  running  mechanism  means  work  done — done  easily 

and  quickly  and  done  better  and  cheaper,  too,  than  by  any  other  help  you  ever  had. 

This  engine  is  the  lighest  three-horsepower  engine  on  the  market.  It  is  stripped  of  all  dead  weight  and  all 
useless  metal.  The  chilled  cylinder  with  process  deep-cut  flanges  is  the  most  powerful  and  at  the  same  time  the 
lightest  cylinder  ever  put  in  a  gasoline  engine.  It  can  be  moved  about  and  set  to  work  wherever  you  want,  and 
you  know  that  it  will  do  the  work  every  time.  With  one  of  these  engines  you  can  run  pump,  separator,  churn, 
washing  machine,  mang'le'and  corn  sheller,  or  any  farm  machinery;  and  run  them  all  at  the  same  time,  this 
will  show  you  what  a  wonderful  time  saver  this  engine  is.  Can’t  “kick  back.”  This  is  the  only  farm  engine 
with  a  spark  retarder.  A  woman  or  child  can  start  it;  because  our  spark  retarder  makes  it  start  easy  and  true 
every  time.  It  simply  can’t  “kick  back.’’  Remember  this  important  point.  Send  to  the  engine  works  your¬ 
self.  Send  direct.  Save  all  dealers’  and  agents’  profits  by  sending  for  the  engine  yourself.  Fill  out  the  free 
coupon  today  and  mail  it  to  us  or  send  a  letter  or  a  postal  card— just  your  name  and  address.  Write  today. 


•  I 


E 


Easy  Payments 

If  this  absolutely  free  ten  day’s  trial  proves  to  you,  as  it  already  has 
.roved  to  thousands  of  others,  that  the  Schmidt  Chilled  Cylinder  Gaso- 
_ine  Engine  does  the  work  of  two  good  men  on  your  farm,  we  can  arrange  the  terms 
so  that  the  engine  actually  makes  its  own  payments  as  you  save  the  cost  of  labor 
by  its  use.  Just  figure  it  out  for  yourself.  Every  month’s  work  done  by  the 
Schmidt  Chilled  Cylinder  Gasoline  Engine  will  more  than  pay  the  wages  of  two  good 
men  on  your  farm,  to  say  nothing  of  their  keep!  The  engine  itself  takes  care  of 
the  easy  payments.  Send  the  free  trial  coupon  and  solve  your  labor  problem  now. 

FREE  COUPON— SEND  TODAY 

Schmidt  Bros.  Co.  Engine  Works,  Dept.  3583,  Davenport,  Iowa 

Gentlemen:— Without  any  obligation  on  me  you  may  send  me  free  and 
prepaid,  catalog  and  all  particulars  of  your  new  free  offer  on  Schmidt’s 
Chilled  Cylinder  Gasoline  Engine,  also  particulars  about  power  plant  equip¬ 
ment  for  farm,  shop  or  dairy. 


Name . 


Address.. 


G  R 


Five  Years  Guarantee 

We  give  you  a  five  years’  absolute  guarantee  on  Schmidt’s  Chilled 
Cylinder  Gasoline  Engine.  This  guarantee  is  on  the  whole  engine  and 
it  also  guarantees  every  part  of  the  engine  for  five  full  years.  If  at  any  time 
within  five  years  from  date  of  sale,  any  part  of  the  engine  should  prove  defective 
in  design,  material,  construction  or  workmanship,  it  will  be  replaced  without  cost 
direct  from  the  engine  works  to  you.  This  is  the  kind  of  guarantee  that  absolutely 
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V- 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4092. 


NEW  YORK,  APRIL  1,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR 


STEAM  STERILIZING  TOBACCO  SEED  BEDS 
Suitable  for  Other  Plant  Growing. 

HISTORY  OF  WRITER’S  EXPERIMENTS.— In 
1906  the  writer’s  attention  was  called  to  a  series  of 
tobacco  seed  beds,  where  the  plants  were  affected  by 
some  serious  trouble,  by  the  owner,  James  Harvey,  of 
Hockanum,  Conn.  The  writer  found  on  investigation 
that  the  trouble  was  due  to  a  root  disease,  which  was 
identified  by  Mrs.  Flora  Patterson  of  the  Bureau  of 
Plant  Industry  of  the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture  as  Thielovia  bosicolo,  or  tobacco  root-rot. 
The  young  plants  attacked  by  this  disease  turned  yel¬ 
low,  and  the  larger  plants,  in  addition  to  having  yel¬ 
low  or  mottled  appearing  leaves,  wilted  when  the  beds 
became  slightly  dry,  and  where  not  supported  by 
neighboring  plants,  fell  over  on  the  soil.  When  the 
plants  were  pulled  up  for  examination,  it  was  found 
that  most  if  not  all  the  roots  were  rotted  off,  and  when 
the  roots  were  examined,  were  found  to  be  black  in 
appearance,  in  many  cases  the  small  roots  being  en¬ 
tirely  rotted  away,  leav¬ 
ing  only  blackened 
stumps  at  the  base  of  the 
plants.  In  the  diseased 
beds,  the  living  roots 
were  found  to  be  rotted 
at  the  ends,  black  in  ap¬ 
pearance,  and  the  affect¬ 
ed  plants  had  a  stunted 
or  dwarfed  appearance. 

Plants  from  the  dis¬ 
eased  beds,  set  in  the 
regular  fields,  grew 
slowly,  and  if  conditions 
were  favorable  developed 
into  imperfect  poor 
plants.  The  leaves  cured 
from  these  diseased 
plants  produced  a  poor 
inferior  grade  of  cigar 
wrappers  or  binders, 
without  necessary  elas¬ 
ticity  or  strength. 

In  1906  and  the  fol¬ 
lowing  season,  the 
writer  began  an  extensive 
set  of  experiments  with 
different  methods  of  ster¬ 
ilizing  the  seed  beds  in 
order  to  prevent  the  dam¬ 
age  from  the  root-rot. 

Formalin,  tobacco  bed 
burners,  steam  and  other  methods  were  tried  in  several 
places,  but  mainly  at  the  Indian  Head  Plantation  at 
Granby,  Conn.  In  these  experiments  the  writer 
found  that  it  was  possible  to  kill  the  fungus  with 
formalin,  but  its  use  was  not  satisfactory  from  sev¬ 
eral  standpoints.  The  tobacco  bed  burners,  in  which 
the  soil  was  heaped  in  a  large  pan,  and  heated  by  a 
fire  underneath,  were  dangerous,  as  where  the  soil 
was  overheated  the  productive  capacity  of  the  soil 
was  injured  seriously  from  several  apparent  causes. 
Where  the  soils  were  burned  by  piling  wood  or  other 
material  on  the  surface  and  maintaining  a  slow  fire, 
the  physical  condition  of  the  soil  was  injured,  and 
this  method  was  abandoned  as  unsatisfactory. 

The  writer  in  the  course  of  some  asparagus  breed¬ 
ing  work  at  Concord,  Mass.,  learned  of  a  steam  ster¬ 
ilizer  used  by  some  of  the  growers  of  vegetables  and 
flowers  under  glass,  and  through  the  Connecticut 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station  at  New  Haven,  se¬ 
cured  two  of  them.  Their  use  in  tobacco  beds  was 
unsatisfactory  in  the  trials  made,  because  it  was  found 


impossible  to  bring  the  soil  up  to  the  desired  tem¬ 
perature  with  the  steam  generators  at  hand.  In  work¬ 
ing  with  the  sterilizers,  however,  the  writer  found 
that  by  covering  the  apparatus  in  the  soil  with 
heavy  cloths  more  effective  steaming  could  be  done. 
This  plan  gave  birth  to  the  idea  of  using  a  solid  pan 
for  confining  the  steam,  preparing  the  soil  of  the  bed 
ready  for  steaming,  then  setting  the  pan  over  this 
loosened  soil  and  forcing  the  steam  into  the  soil  under 
pressure.  I  made  an  experimental  pan  of  this  sort, 
and  prepared  a  section  of  a  seed  bed  for  its  trial.  A 
small  upright  engine  was  used  to  supply  steam,  and 
the  soil  temperatures  determined  at  different  depths 
with  standardized  thermometers. 

Even  with  the  small  engine  available  for  the  trial 
it  was  found  possible  to  heat  the  loosened  soil  under 
the  pan  rapidly  and  up  to  185°  F.  and  higher,  holding 
the  soil  temperature  at  this  point  as  long  as  desired. 
Several  sections  of  seed  beds  were  treated  at  different 
temperatures  and  at  different  periods  of  time. 

It  was  found  that  when  the  pan  was  removed  from 


the  soil  the  soil  was  left  in  perfect  condition  for  seed¬ 
ing,  and  the  warm  moist  soil  was  in  ideal  shape  for 
sowing  seed.  The  soil  was  not  wet,  but  just  moist 
enough  for  sowing.  The  seed  was  sown  and  lightly 
raked  in.  It  was  found  that  the  steaming  had  not 
only  killed  the  fungus,  but  had  also  killed  all  weed 
seeds,  other  fungus  diseases  such  as  the  “damping  off” 
fungus,  and  left  the  soil  so  that  it  was  much  easier 
to  water  and  keep  in  condition  than  unsteamed  soils. 

Extensive  practical  trials  of  this  apparatus,  which 
has  been  called  the  Shamel  steam  sterilizer,  were 
made  by  the  writer  at  Suffield,  Hockanum,  Conn., 
and  other  points,  with  perfect  success  in  every  trial. 
Later  these  results  were  confirmed  by  others  in  other 
sections  in  experimental  trials  and  practical  use. 
There  is  no  doubt  of  the  value  and  importance  of  the 
use  of  this  method  for  sterilizing  diseased  or  healthy 
tobacco  bed  soils,  or  other  soils  where  seedlings  are 
raised  as  in  the  case  of  tobacco. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  PAN.— The  Shamel  steam 
sterilizer  pan  is  made  of  galvanized  steel  or  galvanized 


iron,  of  such  size  as  to  fit  the  seed  beds  to  be  steril¬ 
ized.  The  original  sterilizers  were  made  six  feet  wide 
by  10  feet  long,  and  six  inches  deep.  The  edges  of 
the  pan  were  supported  by  angle  iron  so  as  to  pro¬ 
tect  them,  and  in  the  middle  of  the  bottom  of  the  pan 
r.  one-inch  iron  tube  was  soldered  to  the  pan  so  as  to 
attach  onto  the  steam  hose  at  one  end  and  admit  the 
steam  into  the  pan  at  the  other  end  when  it  was  set 
in  place  ready  for  work.  A  steam  hose  50  feet  long 
was  used  to  convey  the  steam  from  the  engine  or 
generator  to  the  pan,  and  to  admit  of  moving  the  pan 
the  length  of  a  100-foot  bed,  without  moving  the  en¬ 
gine  or  steam  generator.  This  pan  and  steam  hose 
were  bought  at  a  price  of  less  than  $50  per  outfit,  and 
two  sets  have  been  in  yearly  use  for  four  years  with¬ 
out  apparent  serious  depreciation  in  value.  With  pro¬ 
per  cafe  they  ought  to  last  many  years  more. 

SOLRCE  OF  STEAM. — The  first  trials  of  this 
method  were  conducted  with  a  small  upright  steam 
engine  of  about  three  horse-power  as  steam  generator. 
In  later  trials  similar  engines,  to  be  found  in  every 

neighborhood,  have  been 
used  with  success.  It  is 
necessary  when  steriliz¬ 
ing  soils  to  have  enough 
fuel  on  hand,  and  desir¬ 
able  to  have  one  man  de¬ 
vote  most  of  his  time  to 
keeping  up  a  hot  con¬ 
tinuous  fire.  Wood  is  a 
very  satisfactory  fuel, 
although  oil  and  coal 
have  both  been  used. 

PROPER  TIME  FOR 
STERILIZING.  —  The 
time  to  sterilize  the  seed 
beds  depends  on  several 
conditions,  but  on  the 
whole  the  ideal  time  is 
just  before  the  seed  is 
ready  to  be  sown.  When 
a'  neighborhood  uses  an 
apparatus  in  common 
(a  method  to  be  recom¬ 
mended),  it  may  some¬ 
times  be  necessary  to 
sterilize  some  time  be¬ 
fore  the  beds  are  ready 
for  sowing.  The  seed 
can  be  sown  as  soon  as 
the  beds  are  sterilised 
with  beneficial  results. 
STERILIZING  THE 
SOIL. — The  beds  should  be  fertilized  and  prepared 
ready  for  sowing.  The  better  the  tilth  of  the  soil  the 
more  efficient  the  sterilizing.  Set  the  pan  in  the  pre¬ 
pared  bed,  turn  in  the  steam,  and  if  any  escapes  about 
the  pan  heap  up  a  little  loose  soil  about  the  edges  of 
the  pan  so  as  to  confine  all  of  the  steam  in  the  pan. 
The  best  results  in  the  writer’s  experiments  were  se¬ 
cured  by  supplying  a  full  head  of  steam,  or  as  nearly 
a  full  head  as  possible,  maintaining  a'  pressure  in  the 
boiler  of  from  50  to  75  pounds  of  steam,  and  con¬ 
tinuing  this  process  for  one  hour.  The  length  of  time 
necessary  to  apply  the  steam  will  vary  with  the  con¬ 
dition  of  the  soil,  outside  temperature  and  other 
causes.  One-half  hour  in  many  cases  gave  good  re¬ 
sults,  but  as  a  rule  one  hour  was  preferable.  When 
the  steaming  of  one  section  is  finished  the  fireman 
and  one  other  man  can  move  the  pan  to  the  next  sec¬ 
tion,  and  so  on  until  the  bed  is  finished,  when  it 
should  be  sown  with  the  seed.  If  desirable  it  would 
be  interesting  for  the  grower  to  use  different  lengths 
of  time  in  different  sections  of  the  beds,  and  note  the 


THE  SHAMEL  STEAM  STERILIZER  AS  USED  IN .  PLANT  BEDS.  Fig.  140. 


4^6 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


April  1, 


results,  thus  establishing  the  proper  time  for  his  own 
soil  and  conditions.  A  standardized  thermometer  will 
also  add  to  the  interest  of  the  work.  The  thermometer 
can  be  introduced  into  the  soil  under  the  pan,  at  the 
end  of  the  pan,  by  digging  a  temporary  small  pit. 

SOWING  THE  SEED.— The  writer  found  that  by 
separating  the  tobacco  seed,  using  only  the  heavy  seed, 
it  was  necessary  to  use  less  than  ordinarily  used,  and 
to  sow  it  more  accurately  in  order  to  prevent  too 
thick  a  stand  of  plants.  The  advantage  of  the  use  of 
heavy  seed  has  been  set  forth  so  many  times  by  the 
writer  since  his  invention  of  a  practical  tobacco  or 
other  small  seed  separator,  and  its  practical  value 
proved  so  many  times,  that  it  is  not  necessary  to  re- 
pcate  the  matter  here. 

ADVANTAGES  OF  STEAM  STERILIZATION.— 

1.  The  weed  seeds  are  killed,  thus  tfoing  away  en¬ 
tirely  and  absolutely  with  the  laborious,  painful  and 
expensive  weeding  of  beds.  It  would  pay  to  steam 
sf'ed  bed  soils  for  this  purpose  alone  in  the  opinion  of 
the  writer. 

2.  It  destroys  the  root  rot  and  other  fungus  diseases, 
a  matter  of  increasing  importance  in  all  of  the  older 
t  bacco  growing  regions. 

3.  It  improves  the  tilth  and  condition  of  the  soil, 
requiring  less  water  for  watering  the  soil,,  and 
obviates  largely  the  danger  from  over  watering. 

4.  The  steam  sterilized  soils  produce  better  plants 
than  soils  not  steam  sterilized.  This  result  was  noted 
from  the  first  by  the  writer,  but  the  cause  has  just  re¬ 
cently  been  explained  by  the  director  of  the  Rotham- 
sted  Experiment  Station,  England.  In  an  article  on 
the  subject  of  steam  sterilization  the  director  recently 
recites  an  extensive  set  of  experiments  at  his  stations, 
where  it  was  found  that  the  steaming  process  de¬ 
stroyed  certain  organisms  in  soils  that  prevent  the  de¬ 
velopment  of  plant  food  in  soils,  and  provides  more 
favorable  conditions  for  the  development  of  the  plant 
food,  to  the  end  that  plants  on  steam  sterilized  soils 
grow  more  vigorously  than  on  soils  not  steamed. 

5.  The  better  plants  in  the  seed  beds  grown  in 
steamed  soils  produce  better  plants  in  the  field,  as 
shown  by  several  practical  field  demonstrations  ob¬ 
served  by  the  writer.  The  healthy  seedlings  are  more 
able  to  resist  disease  in  the  field,  utilize  the  plant  food 
in  the  soil,  and  develop  into  normal,  healthy  plants. 
The  writer  feels  that  no  community  of  tobacco  grow¬ 
ers  can  afford  to  neglect  trying  this  method  of  treating 
seed  beds.  It  can  doubtless  be  used  for  other  soils 
used  for  growing  young  seedlings,  e.  g.,  cabbage,  toma¬ 
toes,  or  greenhouse  soils  for  growing  flowers,  vege¬ 
tables,  etc.,  with  equally  beneficial  results. 

A.  D.  SHAMEL. 


PEDIGREE  TREES  OR  BUD  SELECTION. 

I  was  much  interested  in  the  article  by  W.  J.  Wright, 
of  Pennsylvania  State  College,  page  165,  on  this  sub¬ 
ject.  Although  I  agree  in  the  main  with  the  writer,  I 
think  he  failed  to  give  due  credit  to  the  fact  that 
cither  through  environment  or  originally  through  bud 
variation,  and  I  have  little  faith  except  in  the  last,  a 
strain  of  Baldwin  or  other  variety  may  be  developed 
by  a  careful  grower  really  superior  to  the  variety  as 
generally  put  on  the  market.  I  grow  a  fine  type  of 
Williams  Red,  and  all  my  trees  trace  back  to  one 
original  tree,  which  always  bears  very  red  fruit.  In 
the  Boston  market  a  few  years  since  I  saw  some  fine 
Somerset  apples,  and  wrote  the  shipper  in  Maine  for 
scions.  He  was  not  the  grower,  but  I  received  later 
scions  through  his  aid.  They  bore  last  season,  but 
proved  to  be  Williams,  and  although  under  conditions 
of  similar  growth  of  quite  a  different  type  from  mine, 
being  more  striped  and  somewhat  later  in  ripening. 
Of  course  one  swallow  does  not  make  a  Summer;  I 
shall  watch  that  tree  for  a  few  seasons  with  interest. 
I  have  had  on  my  own  trees  a  number  of  instances  of 
bud  variations,  in  some  cases  producing  practically  a 
different  variety  of  apple,  and  I  have  a  number  of 
ihose  sports  grafted  or  budded  and  now  bearing  fruit. 
I  see  no  reason  why  a  sport  might  not  as  easillv  im¬ 
prove  a  variety,  and  if  used  for  propagating  purposes 
improve  the  strain  of  that  variety  as  far  as  used.  That 
some  superior  trees  have  been  produced  that  way  I 
have  no  doubt,  yet  in  the  general  orchard,  location, 
care  and  feeding  are  the  chief  factors  in  variations  in 
fruits.  Although  I  got  bitten  with  the  top-budding 
fad,  which  had  a  run  a  few  years  since,  I  feel  I  have 
really  learned  something  from  my  experience,  al¬ 
though  I  now  have  a  couple  of  hundred  or  so  to 
graft  which  I  failed  to  find  time  to  bud.  One  thing  I 
have  never  seen  mentioned  is  that  from  my  experi¬ 
ence  I  feel  that  more  really  first-class  fruit  can  be 
produced  on  fillers  by  growing  both  an  early  and 
late  variety  on  the  same  tree.  Of  course  I  do  not 
recommend  this  for  the  commercial  orchard  or  large 
trees,  but  only  for  those  who  thin  and  wish  to  grow 
high-priced  fruit  in  a  limited  way,  and  I  am  not  ready 
to  say  that  more  fruit  can  be  grown,  but  I  have  grown 
some  fine  fruit  that  way  in  a  limited  amount. 

Worcester  Co.,  Mass.  h.  o.  mead. 


HAIRY  VETCH  IN  A  PEACH  ORCHARD. 

I  have  had  experience  with  Hairy  vetch  for  a  mulch 
and  fertilizer  in  a  peach  orchard.  Five  years  ago  last 
Fall  I  sowed  my  peach  orchard  to  vetch,  intending  to 
plow  it  under  the  following  Summer,  but  for  some 
reason  did  not  plow  it  under.  The  whole  orchard  was 
one  solid  mass  of  purple  bloom,  the  stalks  were  three 
and  four  feet  long,  and  the  whole  crop  went  to  seed. 
The  following  Spring  I  plowed  it  under,  and  I  kept 
the  orchard  well  worked  until  the  limbs  were  bending 
to  the  ground  with  fruit.  After  1  quit  cultivating 
and  harrowed  it  down  smooth  the  vetch  came  in 
thick  and  got  a  good  start  for  the  Winter,  and  the 
following  May  the  vetch  was  up  a  foot  or  more  high, 
which  I  plowed  under  again,  and  I  followed  that  up 
for  four  different  Summers.  Although  it  did  not  come 
in  last  Fall  quite  as  thick  as  before,  there  will  be  a  lot 
to  turn  under  again.  I  intend  to  sow  it  over  next 
Fall  and  let  the  first  crop  go  to  seed,  and  that  will 
self-seed  for  four  years  more.  I  think  there  is  nothing 
to  equal  vetch  for  a  mulch,  and  also  it  makes  a  good 
fertilizer.  D.  L.  reed. 

Mason  Co.,  Mich. 


A  HORSE  DEAL  IN  CONNECTICUT. 

Mr.  Morse’s  article  on  page  89  brings  to  mind  the 
locally  famous  “Knowl  Reward”  case  •  which  for  the 
last  10  years  has  attracted  much  attention  from  horse¬ 
men  and  lawyers.  Ten  or  12  years  ago  a  very  smooth 
and  optimistic  talking  gentleman  arrived  in  Norwich, 
Conn.,  as  the  agent  of  a  man  in  New  York  State 
who  made  a  business  of  selling  horses  to  joint  stock 
companies.  This  genial  promoter  set  at  work  with 
wining  and  dining  and  arts  designing  to  form  the 
Knowl  Reward  Stock  Company,  which  was  to  consist 
of  27  shares  of  $100  each,  to  be  paid  either  in  cash 
or  in  three  joint  and  several  notes,  maturing  in  one, 


A  WHITE  FACED  BEEF-MAKEK.  Fit;.  HI. 

two  and  three  years  respectively.  Good  profits  could 
be  figured,  and  the  scheme  met  with  favor  among  the 
horsemen  of  Norwich  and  vicinity,  and  it  looked  like 
an  easy  trick  to  turn,  but,  as  luck  would  have  it,  the 
gay  promoter  did  not  build  his  woodpile  quite  big 
enough  to  conceal  all  the  clever  darkies  that  he 
wished  to  hide  in  it.  One  off-color  proposition  that 
made  trouble  arose  from  the  fact  that  he  secured 
several  signatures  to  his  notes  and  contracts  by  agree¬ 
ment  with  the  different  parties  that  each  should  have 
the  opportunity  of  boarding  and  caring  for  the  horse 
at  a  profitable  figure.  The  date  was  fixed  for  form¬ 
ing  the  joint  stock  company,  and  the  affair  was  to 
take  place  in  the  “swellest”  hotel  in  the  city,  with 
banquet,  champagne,  etc.,  galore.  Unfortunately  for 
best-laid  plans,  the  several  parties  who  had  been 
promised*  the  opportunity  of  keeping  the  horse  were 
allowed  a  chance  for  conference  and  found  that  mak¬ 
ing  a  joint  stock  horse  was  a  different  proposition 
from  forming  a  joint  stock  horse  company.  The  cry 
of  treachery  went  up,  and  a  lively  quarrel  was  in 
progress.  The  champagne  was  not  spilled.  The  com¬ 
pany  was  not  formed.  The  genial  promoter  had  got 
in  his  work,  however.  He  had  sold  some  shares  for 
cash,  and  had  secured  good  signatures  to  his  notes. 
He  had  taken  some  padders  and  fillers,  but  several  of 
the  men  whose  names  appeared  were  financially  re¬ 
sponsible.  The  local  banks  refused  to  negotiate  the 
notes,  however,  and  they  were  disposed  of  to  a  busi¬ 
ness  man  in  a  neighboring  city.  Knowl  Reward  in 
the  meantime  was  in  the  care  of  a  local  liveryman 
and  was  disposed  of  as  far  as  the  promoter  was  con¬ 
cerned,  but  was  not  yet  the  property  of  the  Knowl 
Reward  Stock  Company  because  the  company  was 
never  organized.  A  horse  without  an  owner  has  as 
few  friends  as  a  man  without  a  country,  and  while  no 
one  knew  but  what  Knowl  Reward  was  one  of  the  best 
stock  horses  in  the  country  he  was  sold  at  auction 
in  the  public  square  to  pay  his  board  bill.  Although 
big  fish  are  desirable  to  catch  they  are  harder  to  hold, 


and  when  the  holder  of  the  notes  attempted  to  collect 
his  money  he  was  met  by  a  stubborn  defense  at  law. 
For  year  legal  battle  has  waged,  and  the  end  is  not 
yet.  j.  g. 

Norwich,  Conn. 

DISHORNING  OLD  APPLE  TREES. 

Not  long  since  I  saw  a  question  in  The  R.  N.-Y. 
as  to  the  practicability  of  cutting  off  large  limbs'  from 
old  trees  for  the  purpose  of  getting  them  down  within 
“spraying  reach.”  Some  15  to  18  years  ago  we  had  a 
Baldwin  orchard  which  had  reached  from  40  to  50 
feet  in  height.  I  once  showed  Prof.  Roberts  this  or¬ 
chard  and  asked  him  what  to  do  with  these  mammoth 
trees.  His  advice  was  to  cut  them  down  and  plant  a 
new  orchard.  It  was  almost  impossible  to  spray  them 
thoroughly,  and  the  apples  cost  for  picking  almost  as 
much  as  they  were  worth.  I  decided  to  cut  the  tops 
back,  but  I  was  told  that  to  cut  off  these  large  limbs, 
many  from  six  to  10  inches  in  diameter,  would  cause 
them  to  sun-scald  and  kill  the  trees.  However,  I  de¬ 
cided  to  take  the  risk  and  make  a  thorough  job.  I 
cut  them  down  to  about  20  feet ;  as  said  before,  many 
limbs  cut  off  were  as  large  as  good-sized  trees.  We 
did  this  in  early  Spring  and  painted  all  cuts  with  a 
thick  paint  of  “iron  ore  paint”  and  raw  linseed  oil, 
making  it  as  stiff  as  it  could  be  put  on.  The  trees 
threw  out  a  new  growth  all  along  the  limbs.  These  I 
had  properly  thinned  the  following  Spring,  leaving 
only  such  as  were  wanted  to  form  a  new  top.  These 
trees  acted  just  like  grafted  trees,  and  the  third 
year  put  on  a  fine  crop  of  apples,  and  it  has  produced 
well  ever  since.  I  was  talking  with  the  man  now  on 
the  farm  only  a  short  time  since  and  asked  him  how 
those  old'  trees  were  now  doing.  He  said  that  they 
had  a  fine  crop  of  splendid  apples  the  past  Summer. 
When  these  trees  were  first  cut  back  they  were  the 
laughing  stock  of  all  our  neighbors,  and  I  must  admit 
a  sorry  sight,  and  I  have  always  been  sorry  I  did  not 
have  them  phofographed.  Since  then  I  have  never 
hesitated  to  cut  back  apple  orchards  so  as  to  keep 
them  down  within  easy  reach  with  spraying  machinery. 

j.  s.  WOODWARD. 

AN  EXPERIENCE  WITH  LIME. 

On  page  163  I  read  with  much  interest  the  articles 
on  lime,  closing  with  a  request  for  personal  experi¬ 
ence  of  farmers  who  have  been  using  the  different 
forms  of  lime.  1  have  been  using  lime  for  several 
years,  burned  lime  exclusively,  but  in  three  different 
forms,  viz.,  chunk  lime  spread  with  shovel  after 
being  slaked  with  water,  hydrated  and  ground  lime 
burned  but  not  slaked.  The  latter  kinds  were  drilled 
on  wheat  or  rye  land  a  few  days  before  sowing  the 
grain,  and  although  the  lime  spread  with  shovel 
brought  good  returns  for  the  investment  (40  to  50 
bushels  per  acre  unslaked  were  used),  I  have  had 
quicker  and  just  as  good  results  from  as  little  as 
500  pounds  per  acre  hydrated  lime  put  on  with  grain 
drill.  The  greatest  object  lesson  1  have  ever  nad 
was  this  last  season,  and  came  about  as  one  o7  my 
experiments.  In  the  Spring  of  1908  I  started  to 
plow  an  old  clay  and  gravel  field  for  buckwheat.  A 
back  furrow  was  started  in  middle  of  field,  plowed 
V/t  acre,  and  finding  the  ground  so  hard  and  dry 
that  it  was  impossible  to  do  good  work,  we  decided 
to  wait  for  rain,  but  the  rain  did  not  come,  so  the 
ll/2  acre  was  put  in  condition  and  sowed  to  buck¬ 
wheat,  which  was  almost  an  entire  failure  on  ac¬ 
count  of  drought.  After  the  crop  was  removed  I 
found  the  ground  nice  and  mellow  for  that  kind  of 
land.  The  land  was  spring-toothed  each  way,  then 
300  pounds  hydrated  lime  was  drilled  the  opposite 
way  from  which  the  rye  was  to  be  sown ;  250 
pounds  1-9-3  fertilizer  per  acre,  but  when  I  only 
had  about  two  more  rounds  with  the  drill  to  finish  I 
ran  out  of  fertilizer.  1  had  more  at  the  barn,  but 
as  there  were  several  more  sacks  of  the  lime  in  the 
wagon  I  concluded  to  experiment,  as  usual.  I  set 
the  drill  for  300  pounds  lime  and  finished  the  little 
field,  250  pounds  fertilizer,  300  pounds  lime  per  acre, 
except  two  rounds  of  drill,  which  had  600  pounds 
lime  and  no  fertilizer.  Timothy  was  sown  in  Fall 
with  grain,  clover  in  Spring.  Rye  was  harvested  in 
1909;  could  see  little  if  any  difference  in  rye,  but 
when  the  clover  came  on  last  Summer  I  had  the 
benefit  of  my  experiment,  for  just  where  the  fertilizer 
ran  out  the  clover  ceased  to  grow,  the  clover  fol¬ 
lowing  out  the  individual  tubes  of  the  drill  that 
contained  the  most  fertilizer.  The  clover  was  fine, 
lodged  in  places,  would  have  cut  two  large  loads 
of  fine  clover  hay,  but  having  enough  elsewhere  the 
Guernseys  made  the  hay  for  us,  but  as  they  did  not 
have  access  to  it  until  July  they  trampled  nearly  as 
much  down  as  they  ate,  and  left  a  fine  mulch  on  the 
ground  favorable  for  the  second  crop,  which  went 
in  Winter  quarters  looking  fine.  As  this  field  had 
been  frequently  fertilized  and  seeded  to  clover  with¬ 
out  results  it  proved  to  my  entire  satisfaction  that 
lime  without  fertility  or  fertility  without  lime  is  not 
a  balanced  ration  for  clover.  w.  a.  b. 

Columbia  Co.,  Pa. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


42  7 


CO-OPERATIVE  MARKETING. 

No.  2. 

Co-operation  will  overcome  the  difficulties  with 
which  the  grower  has  to  contend,  just  in  proportion 
to  the  willingness  of  the  members  to  stand  by  their 
association  and  the  strength  which  it  attains.  The 
greatest  difficulty  which  is  found  in  effective  co-opera¬ 
tion  is  the  education  of  its  members  to  realization  of 
the  magnitude  of  the  difficulties  which  are  to  be  re¬ 
moved,  and  to  get  their  loyal  and  strong  support. 
What  is  needed  in  order  to  clean  up  the  crooked  com¬ 
mission  business  is  a  strong  central  organization. 
Dealers  are  already  co-operating  for  the  purpose  of 
aiding  their  members  in  getting  proper  treatment  from 
receivers  and  railroads.  In  the  first  place  it  must  be 
admitted,  that  before  demanding  a  square  deal  from 
others,  we  must  first  give  the  square  deal 
ourselves,  and  that  means  the  growing 
of  such  products  as  the  consumer  desires, 
honestly  packing  them,  and  never  in  any 
way  using  deception  as  to  quantity,  qual¬ 
ity  or  condition.  Here  is  where  the  local 
co-operative  association  will  render  great 
service.  It  is  not  possible  for  a  single 
individual,  unless  doing  business  on  a 
very  large  scale,  to  establish  a  reputation 
on  large  markets,  but  it  is  readily  accom¬ 
plished  by  a  number  of  producers  work¬ 
ing  together.  The  common  packing¬ 
house  to  which  the  products  are  deliv¬ 
ered  direct  from  the  field  is  indispen¬ 
sable  if  a  standard  of  excellence  is  to  be 
attained;  for  here  crops  out  one  of  the 
worst  of  human  weaknesses.  Few  are 
so  impartial  that  they  are  capable,  no 
matter  how  honest,  of  properly  assorting, 
and  giving  the  benefit  of  all  doubts  to 
the  higher  quality.  In  the  packing-house 
grades  are  established  to  which  all  must 
conform,  and  everyone  gets  that  to 
which  his  product  is  entitled.  Here  is 
developed  the  spirit  of  friendly  rivalry ; 
if  a  producer  finds  others  have  products 
which  pack  up  better,  giving  a  higher 
percentage  of  fancy  grade,  he  immediate¬ 
ly  tries  to  bring  up  the  standard  of  his 
own  productions. 

When  the  goods  are  packed  uniform¬ 
ly  and  stamped  with  the  guarantee  of  the 
association  that  they  are  alike  through¬ 
out  the  package,  a  reputation  is  soon 
established,  which  is  a  great  asset,  and 
will  constantly  grow  more  valuable  if 
the  high  standard  is  maintained.  At  the 
packing-house  several  kinds  of  produce 
may  be  put  in  a  car  and  shipped  direct 
to  the  jobber,  in  the  smaller  towns,  there¬ 
by  realizing  better  prices  and  delivering 
the  goods  in  a  better  and  fresher  con¬ 
dition  than  when  reshipped  from  larger 
centers.  Again,  many  producers,  if 
working  independently,  do  not  have 
enough  to  make  full  cars,  and  therefore 
have  to  pay  higher  freight  and  get  poorer 
service.  While  the  individual  members 
may  not  learn  what  the  consumer  de¬ 
sires,  the  officers  of  the  association,  if 
they  are  alert,  will  spare  no  effort  to 
learn  what  will  best  suit  the  consumer, 
and  endeavor  to  get  such  products 
grown  and  delivered  to  them  satisfac¬ 
torily. 

As  shown  by  the  instances  where  peo¬ 
ple  could  not  get  good  New  York  State 
apples,  at  Rochester,  right  in  the  heart 
of  the  apple  district,  the  home  or  nearby 
demands  were  overlooked  in  the  eager¬ 
ness  of  the  grower  and  shipper  to  get 
their  product  to  the  larger  markets. 

Very  often  shipments  are  sent  through 
towns  which  could  use  the  goods  much 
better  than  the  large  markets  to  which  they  are  con¬ 
signed  and  would  gladly  pay  much  better  prices.  A 
co-operative  association  can  examine  the  market  con¬ 
ditions  closely  and  take  advantage  of  them.  A  friend 
of  the  writer  who  had  several  cars  of  potatoes  to 
market,  went  to  a  small  town  in  Pennsylvania  a  year 
ago,  and  found  he  could  sell  his  potatoes  at  60  cents 
per  bushel.  He  had  them  shipped  on  and  disposed  of 
his  crop,  so  he  netted  about  50  cents  after  paying 
freight;  he  tried  to  get  others  to  let  him  sell  theirs,  but 
they  would  not,  and  afterwards  took  20  cents.  At  the 
time  he  sold  his  own  crop  he  could  have  got  35 
cents  at  home.  Co-operation  here  might  have  disposed 
of  many  cars  to  good  advantage.  It  hardly  seems 
necessary  to  go  more  at  length  into  the  benefits  that 
may  be  derived  from  co-operative  marketing,  but  con¬ 
sider  the  question  of  what  will  be  required  in  organiz¬ 


ing,  and  the  difficulties  which  must  be  overcome,  and 
here  again  we  come  to  the  human  aspect  involved  in 
our  undertaking. 

It  is  said  that  it  takes  all  kinds  to  make  a  world,  but 
it  does  not  require  all  kinds  to  make  a  successful  co¬ 
operative  association.  If  a  few  kinds  could  only  be 
removed  to  a  good  distance  such  institutions  would 
thrive  much  better.  The  first  thing  required  is  good 
leadership,  and  if  several  who  will  work  unselfishly, 
will  work  together,  it  will  be  much  easier.  Those  who 
solicit  for  membership  will  be  asked  all  sorts  of  ques¬ 
tions,  and  meet  with  many  difficulties,  but  the  easiest 
way  to  overcome  them  is  to  incorporate  as  soon  as 
enough,  who  are  competent  to  fill  the  offices,  and  act 
as  directors,  have  subscribed,  as  it  will  be  found  much 
easier  to  get  subscriptions  to  a  living,  working,  insti¬ 
tution  than  to  a  prospective  institution.  A  corporation 


couraging,  but  they  should  not  be,  for  it  only  shows 
they  are  doing  something;  they  should  go  right  ahead, 
ever  preaching  the  truth  of  co-operation  and  aiming 
always  for  the  highest  ideals  and  success  will  surely 
follow.  When  the  organization  is  completed  a  careful 
study  should  be  made  of  the  methods  which  have  been 
adopted  by  the  successful  institutions,  and  not  allow 
the  whims  and  caprices  of  the  inexperienced  to  enter 
in.  Adopt  the  best  business  methods;  insist  that  all 
members  shall  be  used  exactly  alike,  whether  rich  or 
poor,  black  or  white;  allow  absolutely  no  special  priv¬ 
ileges.  c.  R.  WHITE. 


ALL  HANDS  IN  THE  POTATO  PATCH.  '  Fig.  142. 


A  VERY  IMPORTANT  LITTLE  DAIRY  WOMAN.  Fig.  143. 


WHERE  TO  PUT  THE  FARM  MANURE. 

I  wish  to  speak  a  work  through  The  R.  N.-Y. 
against  what  seems  to  me  a'  poor  practice  in  the  appli¬ 
cation  of  the  farm  manure.  We  fail 
often  enough  in  the  proper  saving  of 
this  valuable  fertilizer,  yet  it  seems  to 
me  we  make  a  serious  mistake  when 
we  spread  the  stable  manure  on  too 
small  area.  In  strict  justice  to  our 
fields  the  manure  resulting  from  the 
feeding  of  a'  crop  should  be  returned  to 
the  field  producing  it  before  it  is  asked 
to  produce  another.  In  practice  we 
cannot  always  do  this,  so  it  seems  that 
on  farms  where  a  rotation  of  crops  is 
practiced,  bringing  in  one  or  more  of 
the  legumes,  an  economical  disposition 
of  the  manure  is  made  when  spread 
upon  the  clover  sod  preceding  the  corn 
crop,  and  here  is  the  gist  of  the  matter. 
The  manure  should  be  spread  on  all 
the  field  with  the  possible  exception  of 
the  very  richest  spots.  This  will  result 
in  all  the  tilled  land  receiving  an  appli¬ 
cation  of  manure  every  third  or  fourth 
year,  depending  on  the  length  of  the  ro¬ 
tation.  I  have  observed  a  practice  among 
neighbor  farmers  of  putting  all,  or  almost 
all,  the  stable  manure  on  one  or  two 
small  truck  patches,  thus  robbing  10  or 
20  acres  for  the  benefit  of  one  or  two. 
In  noting  the  rapid  improvement  of  the 
favored  plots,  we  seem  to  overlook  the 
just  as  rapid  depletion  that  is  bound  to 
occur  in  the  productive  power  of  the 
larger  fields  when  this  is  made  the  rule 
for  a  series  of  years. 

Ohio.  A.  S.  PHELPS. 

R-  N.-Y. — That  is  very  sensible.  It  is 
the  plan  advocated  in  “Chemicals  and 
Clover” — putting  all  the  manure  on  each 
year’s  corn  crop  and  practically  all  the 
.  fertilizer  on  the  potatoes.  It  often  hap¬ 
pens  that  a  few  acres  in  fruit  or  truck 
pay  very  well,  and  of  course  such  land 
needs  extra  supplies  of  plant  food.  They 
should  be  supplied  as  an  extra  outside 
the  regular  farm  supply. 


FALL  BEARING  STRAWBERRIES  AND  PLANTS.  Fig.  144 


can  be  formed  with  a  capital  stock  of  $500  or  over; 
$500  at  least  must  be  paid  in  in  cash  or  property  be¬ 
fore  the  corporation  may  assume  any  liability,  and 
one-half  of  the  capital  stock  must  be  paid  in  within 
one  year  from  date  of  incorporation,  according  to  the 
laws  of  New  York  State.  Those  who  are  posted  and 
full  of  public  spirit  will  enter  into  the  work  with  a 
will,  being  content  to  derive  their  benefits  as  they 
will  naturally  accrue  to  all  alike,  and  will  be  found 
ready  to  do  what  they  can  to  promote  the  interest 
of  the  institution  and  to  defend  it  against  the  attacks 
which  will  surely  be  made  by  those  who  will  or  who 
imagine  they  will,  be  injured  by  the  association,  and 
by  that  useless  class  who  habitually  hang  around  pub¬ 
lic  places  looking  for  chances  to  pick  flaws  and  peddle 
gossip  which  will  be,  nearly  always,  of  a  defamatory 
nature.  To  the  beginner  these  things  will  be  very  dis- 


SOME  PROMISING  YOUNG  STOCK 

Our  pictures  this  week  show  some  of 
the  best  stock  that  a  farmer  can  possibly 
raise  or  bring  up.  Fig.  143  shows  us  a 
view  on  the  lawn  of  Sunset  View  Farm 
in  Michigan.  Here  is  stock  that  is  hard 
to  beat.  The  little  one  is  not  only  hold¬ 
ing  the  white  heifer,  but  can  help  take 
care  of  the  baby. 

At  Fig.  144  a  picture  of  the  children 
of  L.  J.  Farmer,  Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y., 
picking  or  packing  Fall-bearing  straw¬ 
berries.  This  picture-  was  taken  last 
September  and  shows  the  berries  and  the 
plants  as  they  grow  in  that  locality. 

Fig.  142  is  a  Pennsylvania  scene.  This 
farmer  is  growing  a  big  crop  of  potatoes, 
and  it  has  become  pretty  much  a  family 
affair,  with  all  hands  having  a  chance  to  work.  We 
should  consider  it  an  unfortunate  farm  on  which 
there  were  no  children,  or  at  least  pleasant  memories 
of  them.  It  is  a  beautiful  thing  to  have  the  little 
ones  take  an  interest  in  the  work. 


Many  questions  reach  us  about  a  famous  “chain 
letter”  which  is  being  sent  to  our  readers.  This  let¬ 
ter  calls  for  500,000  canceled  stamps  to  be  sent  to  a 
school  in  Australia.  The  Post  Office  Department  at 
Washington  tells  us  that  no  legitimate  use  can  be  made 
of  such  stamps.  This  “chain  letter”  was  started  years 
ago  and  apparently  died  out.  Now  it  has  started  up 
once  more,  and  should  be  broken  off.  Do  not  under 
any  circumstance  keep  this  “chain”  going.  Break  it 
by  refusing  to  write  the  letters.  You  do  far  more 
harm  than  good  by  keeping  it  up. 


428 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


April  1, 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the  name 
and  aduress  of  the  writer  to  insure  attention.  Be¬ 
fore  asking  a  question,  please  see  whether  it  is  not 
answered  in  our  advertising  columns.  Ask  only 
a  few  questions  at  one  time.  Put  questions  on  a 
tepcrate  piece  of  paper.  1 


PFAS  BEFORE  POTATOES. 

A.  B.  B.,  Xcic  Jersey. — What  would  you 
advise  hie  to  do  in  this  case?  I  wish  to 
-sow  cow  peas  this  Spring  on  fresh  plowed 
ground  and  plow  under  in  August.  Next 
Spring  spread  stable  manure  on  and  plow 
again.  Would  it  be  well  to  plow  the 
ground  in  the  Spring,  as  this  would  bring 
the  decayed  peas  on  top,  but  then  the  ma¬ 
nure  would  he  under?  Or  would  it  be  hot¬ 
ter  to  plow  both  tinder  in  Fall?  I  want 
to  get  ground  in  good  condition  for  po¬ 
tatoes  in  Spring  of  1012.  The  soil  is 
day  loam,  not  wet,  in  northern  Ulster  Co., 
N.  Y. 

Ans. — Do  you  mean  cow  peas  or 
Canada  field  peas?  Some  farmers  seem 
to  lie  confused  over  this  crop.  You 
cannot  sow  the  cow  peas  safely  until 
about  corn  planting  time.  Canada  peas 
may  be  seeded  in  April  and  we  assume 
this  is  the  crop  you  mean.  We  should 
plow  the  crop  under  in  late  July  or 
August  and  sow  rye.  In  the  early  Spring 
put  the  manure  on  the  young  rye  and 
plow  it  all  under.  The  peas  will  be  well 
decayed  and  with  careful  work  you  can 
prepare  the  soil  for  the  potatoes.  We 
should  not  let  this  land  lie  idle  through 
the  late  Summer  and  Fall. 

SOUND  SENSE  ON  “BACK  TO  THE  LAND.” 

Success  in  farming  depends  almost  en¬ 
tirely  on  the  man.  There  is  hardly  any 
condition  that  cannot  be  handled  success¬ 
fully,  as  in  any  other  business,  by  “the 
right  man.”  The  man  who  would  he  suc¬ 
cessful  in  farming  must  be  able  to  adapt 
himself  to  circumstances,  his  methods  to 
conditions,  able  to  derive  profit  from  his 
failures,  and  above  all  he  must  be  able  to 
think.  For  he  will  fiud  situations  and 
conditions  every  day  that  can  be  met.  and 
difficulties  that,  can  be  overcome  only  by 
intelligent- thought  and  reason.  The  fore¬ 
going  may  sound  like  the  advice  given  to  a 
young  lawyer  or  doctor  just  leaving  college. 
Perhaps  it  does.  It  sounds  to  me  like  a  para¬ 
graph  taken  from  a  25-cent  “Guide  to  Suc¬ 
cessful  Business.”  But  no  matter  how 
threadbare  it  is  it  is  true  nevertheless. 
The  point  I  want  to  make  is  this :  These 
qualities  essential  to  the  success  of  a  law¬ 
yer  or  to  the  success  of  a  doctor  must  be 
possessed  by  the  man  who  would  be  a 
successful  farmer.  The  first  thing  for  a 
man  to  do  who  would  change  his  occupa¬ 
tion  for  that  of  a  farmer,  is  to  analyze 
himself;  find  out  what  material  he  is  made 
of.  If  you  were  to  seek  employment  in 
any  office,  factory  or  store,  the  first  ques¬ 
tion  fired  at  you  would  ho,  “what  have  you 
done?”  Now  fire  this  same  question  at 
yourself.  Don’t  allow  any  ‘hedging.” 
What  have  you  done?  Have  you  ever  ac¬ 
complished  anything?  Were  you  ever  suc¬ 
cessful  in  business,  at  any  trade,  in  any 
line  of  work?  (If  you  were  why  didn't  you 
stick  to  it?>  If  you  were  not,  don’t  expect 
to  make  a  success  of  farming.  There  may 
have  been  a  time  when  the  map  who  was 
unfit  for  anything  else  could  “make  a  liv¬ 
ing"  on  a  farm,  but  that  time  is  no  more. 
The  successful  farmer  of  to-day  is  a  man 
of  ability,  a  thinker  and  a  fighter. 

Don't  be  influenced  too  much  by  the  arti¬ 
cles  and  letters  in  our  agricultural  papers, 
telling  of  the  struggles  of  young  men  on  the 
farm,  who  after  a  few  years  of  failure  and 
mistakes  “made  good."  burned  the  mortgage 
and  lived  happy  ever  after.  You  don’t 
know  the  heartaches  of  the  years  of  uphill 
work  before  these  men  did  make  good. 
Ask  some  of  these  men  if  they,  were  they 
back  at  the  beginning  of  their  career  as 
farmers,  would  have  courage  to  fight  the 
battle  over  again.  And  then  what  about 
the  man  who  after yearsof  failure  does  not 
“make  good?”  You  don't  hear  about  him. 

1  am  thinking  of  a  man  in  my  town  who 
started  business  life  with  a  few  dollars  60 
years  ago.  He  embarked  in  several  business 
enterprises  and  was  considered  quite  a 
shrewd  business  man.  At  any  rate  in  20 
years  he  had  accumulated  $10,000.  Forty 
years  ago  he  bought  and  paid  for  a  farm 

with  this  $10,000.  Since  that  time  he  has 
worked  harder,  and  had  less  pleasures  and 
comforts  than  he  did  during  the  20  years 
in  which  he  saved  the  price  of  his  farm, 
lie  said  to  a  friend  of  his  a  few  days  ago, 
"If  my  stock,  farm,  utensils,  and  in  fact, 
everyt'hing  I  possess  were  to  be  sold  under 
the  hammer  I  would  not  realize  $4,000.” 
To  the  man  who  is  thinking  of  going  back 
to  the  farm  and  wants  advice,  I  would  say, 
“Go  to  the  man  who  knows  you,  although 
he  may  be  an  insurance  agent,  and  not 
know  a  squash  from  a  spring-tooth  harrow. 
If  he  knows  you  he  is  better  qualified  to 
give  advice  than  the  man  who  knows  much 
about  the  conditions  of  farm  life  and 
doesn't  know  you.”  A.  J.  H. 


FREAKS  AND  FAKES. 

Isn't  it  about  time  you  were  printing 
some  more  warnings  about  the  Wonder- 
berry,  Sunberry  and  garden  huckleberries? 
A  neighbor  paid  20  cents  for  a  packet  of 
Wonderberry  seed  last  Spring,  and  she 
passed  a  few  plants  around.  They  are 
wonderfully  prolific,  a  wonder  to  behold,  and 
we  are  still  wondering  what  they  are  good 
for.  The  entire  crop  remains  ungatliered 
in  the  garden,  and  the  fruit  doesn't  grow  on 
sunflowers  here  either.  .Take  a  fool's  ad¬ 
vice  and  don't  plant  any  of  the  above- 
named  berries.  I'm  getting  shy  of  these 
windy  seedsmen  who  make  so  much  noise 
about  useless  things.  Now  please  tell  us 
about  the  wonderful  Himalaya  berry  that 
seems  to  be  the  leading  freak  this  year. 

A-shby,  Neb.  p.  h.  b. 

I  notice  in  your  issue  of  February  11  an 
editorial  regarding  spineless  cactus.  If  you 
want  any  of  it  wc  can  send  you  tons  of  it 
from  Mexico,  where  it  is  indigenous  near 
the  central  part  of  the  plateau  in  the 
States  of  San  Luis  Potosi,  Guanajuato  and 
Queretero,  aud  the  Mexican  government  is 
sending  it  all  over  the  country  to  propa¬ 
gate  its  use  amongst  the  farmers  and  ranch 
owners  as  a  forage  for  arid  places  devoid 
of  pasture,  as  it  makes  a  fine  pasture  for 
cattle,  and  when  cut  up  in  small  pieces  the 
barnyard  fowls  eat  it  with  avidity.  It  re¬ 
sists  the  frosts  we  have  here  in  this  alti¬ 
tude  of  6,000  feet  above  the  sea,  and  will 
uo  doubt  he  a  great  thing  in  the  future  for 
tbe  arid  districts,  as  it  does  not  require 
water  other  than  the  occasional  rains  that 
we  get  in  the  rainy  season  from  .Tunc  to 
September.  The  fruit  is  also  very  sweet  and 
palatable,  and  the  natives  live  on  it  when 
the  "tunas”  are  ripe,  and  I  also  am  very 
fond  of  it,  but  it  has  uo  banana  flavor,  such 
as  you  mention.  I  got  stuck  on  the  Won¬ 
derberry  proposition  and  afterwards  found 
out  that  we  had  locally  a  wild  Solauum 
nigrum  that  beat  it  all  hollow  as  to  size 
and  fruit.  F'  Innately  I  was  only  out  the 
20  cents  that  t..c  package  of  seeds  cost  me. 
Keep  after  them,  and  when  they  do  get 
anything  really  original  and  worthy  give 
them  credit  for  it.  but  in  the  meantime 
warn  all  prospective  purchasers  to  look  out 
or  they  will  be  "bit.”  Also  recommend  the 
Manila  mango  as  the  best  that  grows,  as 
the  one  you  represent  in  your  cut  is  what 
we  call  the  Corriente  or  most  common  sort, 
and  the  other  is  100  per  cent  better  both 
as  to  flavor,  size  and  the  amount  of  meat, 
as  the  seed  is  very  small  and  thin,  and  de¬ 
void  of  fibre  in  the  fruit.  The  fruit  is 
from  four  to  eight  inches  long  and  from 
three  to  three  and  a  half  inches  thick. 

Mexico.  E.  MATHEWS. 

R.  N.-Y. — It  was  no  use  wasting  ammuni¬ 
tion  on  dead  ducks — or  Wonderberry— after 
the  public  had  tried  them.  The  “giant  Him¬ 
alaya"  is  well  worth  trying  in  California. 
We  understand  that  Mr.  Burlwink  claims 
that  spurious  plants  are  being  offered.  Our 
reports  indicate  that  the  plant  is  too  ten¬ 
der  for  sections  north  of  Alabama. 


NEW  FORMS  OF  ARSENIC  FOR  SPRAYING 

In  Colorado  considerable  damage  is  re¬ 
ported  from  tbe  heavy  use  of  arsenic  in 
spraying.  The  arsenic  has  accumulated  in 
the  soil  and  caused  trouble.  Some  form  of 
poison  must  be  used  in  order  to  fight  tbe 
Codling  moth  successfully,  and  new  materials 
are  being  used.  Prof.  C.  P.  Gillette  of  tbe 
Colorado  College  tells  of  some  experiments 
with  sulphide  of  arsenic. 

“We  started  out  to  find  a  more  soluble 
arsenical  poisoning  to  be  used  in  place  of 
arsenate  of  lead  or  Paris  green  for  the  de¬ 
struction  of  insects.  At  the  suggestion  of 
our  chemist.  Dr.  Headdcn,  I  have  been 
using  sulphide  of  arsenic  for  the  Codling 
moth  for  the  past  two  Summers.  In  1909 
the  poison  was  used  in  soluble  form,  the 
sulphide  being  precipitated  almost  instantly 
on  being  thrown  into  the  air.  We  were 
troubled  somewhat  by  injury  to  foliage, 
however,  and  so  during  the  past  Summer 
we  used  the  sulphide  in  precipitated  form, 
making  as  many  as  four  applications  upon 
some  of  the  trees  treated.  All  went  "well 
until  after  the  last  treatment,  when  con¬ 
siderable  burning  of  foliage  resulted,  ap¬ 
parently  because  the  sulphide  was. kept  in 
suspension  in  water  for  two  or  three  weeks 
between  sprayings,  which  undoubtedly  re¬ 
sulted  in  some  of  the  arsenic  going  into 
solution  and  burning  the  leaves  after  this 
fourth  application.  This  poison,  which  is 
considered  to  be  almost  entirely  insoluble 
in  water,  or  even  in  the  digestive  fluids  of 
the  human  stomach,  was  fairly  effectual 
both  last  year  and  this  in  destroying  the 
worms,  but  in  neither  ease  did  quite  as  well 
as  arsenate  of  lead.  My  idea  iu  using  this 
poison  was  to  prevent  the  injury  to  fruit 
trees  or  other  plants,  due  to  the  accumu¬ 
lation  of  arsenic  in  the  soil.  1  am  some¬ 
what  disappointed  in  our  results,  and  do 
not  feel  that  it  is  safe  yet  to  recommend 
this  poison  for  general  use.  We  hope,  of 
course,  that  we  may  still  learn  to  use  the 
sulphide  in  such  a  way  as  to  avoid  the 
injury  to  foliage,  and  still  have  it  effectual 
in  the  destruction  of  insects,  which  have 
remarkable  digestive  powers.” 


THE  APPLE  BUSINESS 

Is  a  sure  thing — if  you  have  the  right  kind  of 
a  tree.  People  may  plant  too  many  oranges 
but  the  good  old  apple  is  a  sure  thing.  T  he 
time  to  get  in  with  that  hillside  is  right  now 
—this  Spring. 

There  is  some  discussion  about  the  best 
aged  tree  to  plant.  Some  want  big  trees  and 
some  little  whips.  We  have  them  all! 

The  size  is  a  matter  of  opinion  hut  every¬ 
body  agrees  that  the  health  and  life  of  the 
tree  is  more  important.  We  put  life  and 
health  in  our  trees — or  they  doit  themselves. 

They  grow  in  strong  ground  with  no 
check  from  start  to  finish  and  with  a  long 
fall  season  to  harden  and  ripen  their  woods. 

They  are  sound,  free  from  disease  and 
ready  to  grow.  Every  variety  you  want 
and  every  tree  right. 

The  Catalog  tells  all  about  it. 
HARRISON’S  NURSERIES,  Box  15,  BERLIN,  MO. 


FRUIT  TREES  AND  PLANTS  SL 

Apples  ...  $15.00  per  lOO 
Peaches  ...  $8.00  per  lOO 

Cherries  ...  $10.00  per  lOO 

Strictly  First-Class  Stock,  Government  In¬ 
spected.  Write  today  for  our  free  catalogue 
on  Fruits  and  Ornamentals,  and  l>uy  direet 
from  the  growers.  Our  trees  are  grown  in  that 
great  nursery  belt  of  Ontario  County. 

ONTARIO  NURSERY  CO.,  Inc. 

GENEVA.  N.  Y.  Box  No.  21 


DONT  FAIL  TO  PLANT 

SOME  OF  THE 

Meadowvale  Gladioli 

THIS  SEASON. 

Write  for  Free  Illustrated  Catalogue  at  once. 

ARTHUR  COWEE 

Meadowvale  Farm.  Box  54,  BERLIN,  N.  Y. 


FRUIT  TREES  and  PLANTS 

At  prices  that  will  astonish  you.  Send  for  Whole¬ 
sale  Price  List  and  Lithographs.  Several  good 
collections  cheap.  We  have  a  complete  assortment 
in  all  varieties  of  fruit  trees  and  plants.  Special 
Strawberry  Catalog.  Headquarters  for  the  Old- 
Fashioned  Sweet  Cherry.  No  crooked  or  inferior 
stock  sold  at  any  nrice  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
L’AMORKAUX  NURSERY  CO.,  Schoharie.  N.  Y. 


Black's  Peach  Trees-1911 

>.  j  Peach  Trees  are  one  of  our  specialties — we* 

£Trow  for  quality  and  not  quantity  alone.  Our  1 
trees-  however,  cost  little,  if  any,  more  than  thel 
ordinary  sort — we  employ  no  agents,  but  seljl 
direct, saving  middleman’s  profits. i  ■  ■ 
^New  booklet,  “Springtime  and  ^||IJ3|)I0 
Harvest  for  the  Fruit-grower,”  free.  r\  ■  ■  ■ 

Joseph  H.  Black,  Son  &  Co.  DOOKlCl 
Box  V^Hightstown^JcwJtereev  ppgg 


CHERRY  TREES 

100  Early  Richmond  Cherry 
TwoYear,  5  to  6  Feet,  $16,00 

Freight  paid  to  yonr  station.  All  other  nursery 
stock  sold  direct  to  planter  at  lowest  possible  prices 
for  high-grade  stock.  Send  for  descriptive  price  list. 

NEW  HAVEN  NURSERIES 


NEW  HAVEN,  MISSOURI 


FRUIT  TREES 

Pears,  Bartlett,  Seekel  and  others.  Fine, 
trees.  Cherries,  very  low  in  price.  Plums, 
best  varieties.  Poaches,  grown  from  buds 
from  bearing  trees.  Guaranteed  true-to- 
labeL  Also  extra  fine 
C urrants  and  Crapes, 
any  quantity.  Spe¬ 
cial  40c,  $1  and  $2  A0 
Lot  Offers,  for  gar¬ 
den  planting  for  home 
use :  Our  prices  liave  not 
advanced  to  meet  the  recent 
general  raise.  Ggt  wholesale 
prices  direct  from  us  and  save  J 
to  }.  Free  catalog.  Write. 

W.  P.  RUPERT  &  SON,  Box  20.  Seneca,  N.  Y. 
Also  Breeder s  of  Prize.  Hampshire  JSheep. 


I 


are  large,  bright,  glossy  green  and  the  foli¬ 
age  remains  bright  a..d  attractive  through¬ 
out  the  entire  growing  season.  The  illus¬ 
tration  shows  a  small  part  of  a  photograph 
of  one  Climbing  American  Beautyin  bloom. 
Hose-lovers  will  certainly  take  great  delight 
in  this  wonderful  new  rose.  We  will  be 
pleased  to  send  you,  by  mail,  postpaid,  one 
or  as  many  more  as  you  like  of  these  beau¬ 
tiful  roses.  One-year-old  plants  $2.00  each. 
Write  for  complete  descriptive  literature. 
HOOPES.  BR0.  8  THOMAS  COMPANY,  West  Chester,  P*. 


Grow  this  Beautiful  Rose 


In  Your  Garden 


It  is  the  American  Beauty  Rose,  but  very 
much  improved.  Instead  of  being  a  plant 
that  will  only  flower  in  the 
hothouse,  it  will  thrive  and 
bloom  wherever  a  climb¬ 
ing  or  pillar  rose  will. 
It  has  the  sam' 
exquisitely  fra¬ 
grant,  rosy -crim¬ 
son  flowers  3  to  4 
inches  iu  diameter 
— but  instead  of  a 
few  flowers  it  is 
one  mass  of  bloom 
in  June, and  contin¬ 
ues  to  bloom  occa¬ 
sionally  through¬ 
out  the  season. 
The  leaves  of  our 


Climbing 

American 

Beauty 


1:7c  000  apple  and 

PEACH  TREES 

Our  prices  are  50  per  cent  less  than  you 
pay  agents  and  dealers,  because*  in 
buying  direct  from  the  growers  you 
SAVE  TWO  PROFITS 
and  run  no  risk.  Every  tree  as  repre¬ 
sented.  True  to  name.  Fresh  dug. 
Personal  attention  given  each  order. 

2  Apple  Trees  i 

postpaid  for  25  cents. 

Everybody  send  for  Free  catalogue. 

Maloney  Bros.  &  Weils, 

Box  13  ,  Dansville,  N.  Y. 


BEAUTIFY  YOUR  HOME 

GROUNDS  WITH  A  PRIVET  HEDGE 

X  will  sell  you  enough  good,  strong,  heavily  rooted 
California  Privet  hedge  plants  to  go  around  your 
home  grounds,  planted  six  inches  apart,  for  9c  per 
yard,  packed  to  carry  anywhere,  delivered  to  It.  It 
station  at  Salisbury,  Mel.  Measure  distance  around 
your  grounds,  see  how  little  it  costs  and  sen.d  your 
Older  tow.  F.  ALLEN.  Salisbury,  Maryland. 


McKAY’S  Peach  Trees - 

McKAY’S  Dwarf  Apple  Trees— - 

Me  MAY’S  Acre  Cherry  Orchard,  SI 5- - 

McKAY’S  Rose  Bushes  on  their  own  roots - 

McKAY’S  Fertilizer  Chemicals - 

McKAY’S  Agricultural  Lime,  $3  per  ton 
McKAY’S  Catalogue  tells  about  them— and  more 


'W.  L.  McKay,  Geneva,  N.  Y.  BoxR. 


EVERGREENS 

Nursery  grown,  suitable  for  all  pur¬ 
poses.  94.50  and  up  per  thousand.  We 
have  50  millions.  Our  low  prices  will 
astonish  you.  Also  Hardy  Forest  trees, 

Shade,  Ornamental  and  Fruit  trees, 

Shrubs,  Vines,  etc.  Our  beautiful  Cat¬ 
alog  is  crowded  with  valuable  informa¬ 
tion.  This  and  50  Great  Bargain  Sbeet  are  Free. 
Send  for  them  today. 

D.  HILL  NURSERY  CO.,  Box  212,  Dundee,  III. 
Evergreen  Specialists 


OLYMPIC  NATURE  NURSERY 

Rhododendrons,  Madronas, Oregon  Grapes,  Huckle¬ 
berries  and  other  wild  shruhs,  plants  and  flowers. 

By  mail,  10  for  50  cents,  24  for  SI. 00  postpaid. 

Money  hack  if  not  satisfied. 

JOEL  BHOMAKFlt,  Nellila,  Washington. 


PEACH  TREES 


KLItUltTA,  C  A  OMAN,  HIE  LEY,  and  all  the 
leading  varieties  at  prices  that  will  save  you  money. 
We  have  APPLE,  PEAR,  PLUM,  and  other  varieties  of 
fruit  trees  also.  Catalog  free. 

BARNES  BROS.  NURSERY  CO.  EL£S,To«» 


FRUIT  TREES 


Our  Proof  to  date  after  years  of  service  is  that 
we  can  save  you  not  only  money,  but  disap¬ 
pointment  when  your  trees  begin  to  fruit. 
This  Proof  will  be  submitted  witb  our  new 
catalog— ask  for  it  today.  *  *  *  *  * 

H.  S.  WILEY  &  SON,  Box  122,  Cayuga,  N.  Y. 


CATALPA 


SPECIOSA  TREES 


Mine  are  true  to  name. 
Free  booklet  tells  all 
about  the  150  acres  I  am  growing  for  telephone 
noles.  H.  C.  ROGERS,  Box  111,  Mechanicsburg,  0. 


THTNEWEHCMW  /  ; 
KVRSimiKOTPV 

•  ,  jnrax  y  /r 


THIS  BOOK 


sent  free  for  the  asking, 
is  full  of  reliable  infor¬ 
mation  concerning  Trees  and  Plants  hardy  in  New 
England.  It  is  well  worth  sending  for. 

Our  stock  includes  a  most  complete  line  of  Fruit 
and  Ornamental  Trees,  Shrubs  and  Vines,  as  well  as  a 
great  variety  of  Roses  and  Perennials,  whose  quality 
suits  the  most  discriminating  buyer.  We  solicit  cor¬ 
respondence  relative  to  any  planting  problem. 

<Ihe  NEW  ENGLAND  NURSERIES,  Inc. 

BEDFORD  MASS. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-VORKER 


42© 


CEMENT  FOR  BRACING  POSTS. 

On  page  186  is  an  article  on  non¬ 
twisting  fence  post.  I  tried  a  way  that 
I  think  is  much  better  than  the  method 
described  by  Mr.  Kinsley.  In  my  case 
I  use  for  end  or  gate  posts  good  locust 
posts  nine  feet  long,  not  less  than  six  or 
seven  inches  through  at  top ;  they  should 
be  seasoned  and  the  bark  removed.  I 
dig  hole  i]/2  feet  deep,  18  to  24  inches 
square,  set  post  in  center  of  hole  and 
stay  it  with  lath  so  that  it  cannot  get  out 
of  plumb;  fill  up  the  hole  with  concrete 
well  tamped,  and  then  let  stand  three  or 
four  weeks  before  stretching  fence.  If 
done  in  this  way  you  will  need  no  brace. 
The  concrete  will  hold  the  post  securely 
and  straight.  This  method  is  especially 
to  be  recommended  for  fencing  a  garden 
or  lawn,  as  it  makes  a  much  neater  job 
than  when  braces  are  used.  It  also  looks 
to  me  as  if  a  post  should  last  longer 
when  set  in  cement. 

Ohio.  JOHN  c.  HOFFMAN. 

MOTORS  AND  FRUITS. 

Tig.  145  shows  how  motors  are  made 
useful  in  handling  small  fruits.  This 
is  E.  C.  Gillette,  secretary  of  the  New 
York  State  Fruit  Growers’  Association, 
on  his  own  fruit  farm  in  Yates  Co. 
The  car  here  shown  has  traveled  several 
thousand  miles  over  the  State.  It  will 
take  a  party  off  to  a  convention  or  to 
visit  some  farm,  eating  up  the  miles  as 


moth  is  bad  add  two  pounds  arsenate 
of  lead  to  50  gallons  of  mixture.  Thq 
mixture  will  have  enough  better  fungi¬ 
cidal  value  to  pay  cost  of  arsenate  of 
lead.  Spray  again  when  blossoms  are 
about  all  off,  and  be  sure  to  get  over 
them  before  the  calyx  closes  for  best 
results.  Use  for  this  application  one 
gallon  of  concentrate  lime-sulphur  to  40 
gallons  of  water,  and  three  pounds  of 
arsenate  of.  lead  to  each  50  gallons  of 
mixture.  Keep  all  mixture  well  agi¬ 
tated.  Make  first  application  most  thor¬ 
oughly  from  below,  and  second  applica¬ 
tion  mostly  from  above.  Examine 
blossoms  often  to  see  that  you  are  get¬ 
ting  the  mixture  on  a  good  percentage 
of  the  blossom  lobes.  If  so  these  spray¬ 
ings  should  be  enough  for  good  fruit. 

As  to  the  cherry  tree,  there  is  no 
doubt  spraying  would  help  it,  and  yet 
one  should  know  what  ails  the  tree  be¬ 
fore  saying  what  to  use.  However,  the 
first  spraying  recommended  for  the 
apples  will  do  it  good,  no  matter  what 
the  trouble  is.  Then  if  R.  H.  T.  will 
say  what  the  trouble  is  I  will  be  glad  to 
advise  him.  w.  H. 

Shall  We  Harrow  in  Lime  ? 

8.  S  .  C.,  Hardwick ,  Vt. — You  have  said 
so  much  about  the  use  of  lime  that  I  have 
decided  to  try  it  for  myself.  I  have  bought 
a  quantity  of  hydrated’  lime  to  be  used 
this  Spring  at  the  rate  of  one  ton  to  the 
acre.  I  intended  to  spread  it  on  the  fur¬ 
rows  (land  was  plowed  last  Fall)  just  as 


A  MOTOR  CAR  IN  THE  FRUIT  BUSINESS.  Fig.  145. 


if  it  enjoyed  the  diet.  It  can  carry  a 
bunch  of  trays  or  boxes  of  fruit  as 
shown  in  the  picture  faster  than  a  horse 
could  travel — leaving  the  horse  for  farm 
work.  This  is  but  one  of  hundred  of 
such  cars  now  working  as  horse  and 
hired  man  for  fruit  growers.  They  are 
put  to  all  sorts  of  uses,  and  have  become 
a  regular  part  of  the  farm  equipment  in 
many  fruit  sections  of  New  York. 

Spray  the  Apple  Trees. 

R.  II.  T.,  Conneaut,  O. — I  have  a  small 
orchard  of  about  15  to  20  year-old  apple 
trees,  Baldwins  and  R.  I.  Greenings.  They 
bear  pretty  well  but  last  Fall  every  apple 
I  picked  had  a  worm  hole  in  it,  and  out 
of  15  bushels  put  in  cellar  I  think  I  have 
left  one  peck,  having  carried  out  all  the 
rest  on  account  of  rot.  Would  you  tell  me 
when  I  ought  to  spray,  how  many  times 
and  whether  lime-sulphur  or  something 
else?  I  am  trimming  them  up  this  Winter 
and  hope  to  have  at  least  enough  for  my 
own  use.  I  have  an  old  giant  of  a  black 
cherry  tree;  would  spraying  benefit  it?  It 
Is  the  only  one  on  the  farm,  and  they  are 
very  hard  to  start  in  this  country. 

Ans.«— In  regard  to  the  apple  trees,  it 
may  be  possible  there  is  some  scab  or 
rot  or  fungus  on  the  trees  that  causes 
the  fruit  to  rot  so  badly.  In  any  event 
a  good  spraying  with  a  fungicide  will 
add  to  the  health  of  the  trees,  and  any¬ 
thing  that  adds  to  the  health  of  the 
trees  makes  the  fruit  hang  better  and 
keep  very  much  better.  So  for  best  re¬ 
sults  I  would  give  these  trees  a  good 
application  of  lime-sulphur,  used  at  the 
rate  of  one  gallon  of  concentrate,  test¬ 
ing  33°  B.,  to  8t/2  gallons  of  water,  when 
buds  begin  to  show  quite  green.  If  bud- 


soon  as  the  snow  goes,  but  I  ami  told  that 
it  should  not  be  spread  until  it  can  be  har¬ 
rowed  in  at  once.  Will  it  really  make  any 
particular  difference  if  I  go  ahead  and 
spread  it  as  I  have  planned?  My  reason 
for  this  plan  is  that  it  will  save  time  dur¬ 
ing  the  busy  season,  and  also  to  avoid  the 
high  winds  that  prevail  later  in  the  season. 
Also,  I  thought  that  by  the  earlier  spread¬ 
ing  the  crop  next  Summer  might  get  more 
benefit  from  it  than  if  it  was  not  spread 
until  planting  time. 

Ans. — We  believe  it  does  make  a  dif¬ 
ference  whether  the  lime  is  plowed  un¬ 
der  or  thoroughly  worked  in.  The  ob¬ 
ject  is  to  incorporate  the  lime  evenly 
through  the  soil.  An  acre  of  soil  one 
foot  deep  weighs  about  1800  tons.  If 
you  use  a  ton  of  lime  you  will  see 
that  there  must  be  a'  very  thorough 
mixture  in  order  to  reach  all  parts  of 
the  soil.  We  believe  that  where  lime  is 
put  on  the  unplowed  surface  or  plowed 
under  that  much  of  it  remains  in  one 
place  forming  a  sort  of  mortar  in  the 
soil.  Some  months  ago  mention  was 
made  of  this  and  we  repeat  what  was 
said : 

Prof.  F.  V.  Coville  has  been  conducting 
some  remarkable  experiments  in  blueberry 
culture  which  show  up  this  point.  The 
blueberry  thrives  in  an  acid  soil,  and  is 
built  especially  for  growing  where  the  soil 
is  sour.  Whenever  lime  is  used  so  as  to 
sweeten  the  soil  the  blueberry  fails.  In  one 
case  blueberry  plants  were  started  in  pots 
and  watered  for  seven  months  with  nothing 
but  lime  water.  It  was  figured  that  the 
equivalent  of  nearly  25  tons  of  lime  to  the 
acre  was  put  into  this  soil,  and  yet  these 
acid  plants  kept  on  growing.  An  examina¬ 
tion  showed  that  practically  all  this  great 
amount  of  lime  had  been  left  in  the  upper 
few  inches  of  soil.  It  had  not  penetrated 
Into  the  lower  part  of  the  pot.  but  had 
formed  a  sort  of  shell  at  the  top.  under 
which  the  soil  was  still  sour,  so  that  the 
blueberries  grew  in  it. 


DO  YOU  NEED  PAINT? 

LET  ME  SEND  YOU  MY  PAINT  BOOK.  It  will  tell  you  all  you  want 
to  know  about  paint  and  painting.  The  best  paint  is  the  cheapest  paint. 
I  make  the  best  paint.  INGERSOLL’S  PAINT  has  been  made  for  69  years. 
It  is  made  with  scientific  accuracy  from  the  BEST  MATERIALS,  thor¬ 
oughly  combined  by  machinery — you  cannot  make  GOOD  PAINT  with  a 
stick  by  hand-mixing.  Other  paints  are  sold  by  dealers  or  supply  houses. 
This  method  requires  salary  and  expenses  of  traveling  salesmen  and  profits 
for  jobbers  and  retailers.  These  extra  expenses  and  numerous  profits  YOU 
MUST  PAY  when  you  buy  the  paint.  If  the  price  is  low  the  measure  is 
short  or  the  quality  poor — usually  both. 

I  Can  Save  You  One-Half  Your 

Paint  Bills 

One-half  the  price  you  pay  the  retailer  represents  the  factory  cost  of 
the  paint.  The  other  half  is  required  for  middlemen’s  profits  and  expenses. 
Our  paint  is  shipped  fresh  from  the  factory  direct  to  you.  You  pay  simply 
the  factory  price.  You  pay  no  salesman;  no  hotel  bills;  and  no  middlemen 
of  any  kind.  The  dealer  or  supply  house  may  offer  you  a  paint  at  our  price; 
but  THEY  CANNOT  GIVE  YOU  OUR  QUALITY  OF  PAINT  AT  OUR 
PRICE.  They  must  add  the  cost  of  their  expensive  method  of  selling  and 
middlemen’s  profits;  IF  they  give  you  the  Ingersoll  QUALITY  of  paint  the 
cost  will  be  DOUBLE  OUR  PRICE. 

Don’t  Use  Cheap  Paint 

offered  by  dealers  and  supply  houses.  They  may  save  you  a  little  on  first 
cost,  but  no  more  labor  is  required  to  paint  your  buildings  with  INGER¬ 
SOLL  PAINT  than  with  inferior  store  paint.  Poor  paint  always  makes  a 
building  look  shabby  in  six  months  or  a  year,  and  is  sure  to  make  you 
regret  the  little  saving  in  the  first  cost  of  the  material.  INGERSOLL 
PAINTS  will  give  you  long  years  of  satisfactory  service  and  LOOK  WELL 
ALL  THE  TIME. 

Ingersoll  Mixed  Paints 

have  held  the  official  endorsement  of  the 
Grange  for  37  years 

We  can  refer  you  to  pleased  customers  in  your  own  neighborhood. 

We  make  it  easy  for  you  to  buy  paint  direct  from  the  mill.  The  book 
will  tell  you  the  quantity  needed.  The  order  will  reach  us  over  night,  and 
the  paint  will  be  on  the  way  to  you  in  twenty-four  hours.  Let  me  send 
you  my  FREE  DELIVERY  PLAN.  Send  your  address  for  a  beautiful  set 
of  Sample  Color  Cards  and  our  Paint  Book.  We  mail  them  FREE. 

IF  YOU  WANT  PAINT,  WRITE  ME.  DO  IT  NOW.  I  CAN  SAVE  YOU 

MONEY. 

O.  W.  Ingersoll,  Prop. 

NO.  248  PLYMOUTH  STREET,  BROOKLYN,  NEW  YORK. 


ORCHARD  CULTIVATOR 


THE  FORKDIER  LIGHT  DRAFT  HARROW 


is  the  only  perfect  light  running  wheel  cultivator 
ever  offered  for  orchard  work.  Each  section  is 
so  easily  manipulated  with  levers  that  a  small 
boy  can  operate  it  and  cultivate  perfectly  30  acres 
per  day  with  one  team  of  medium  weight.  With 
this  harrow  one  team  can  easily  do  the  work  of 
two  teams  with  ordinary  harrows.  Works  well 
in  stumpy  or  stony  land  and  does  not  clog  with 
loose  grass,  roots,  etc.  Its  extension  of  II  ft., 
3*2  ft.  each  side  of  the  team,  enables  perfect  dust 
mulching  near  the  tree  trunks  without  disturb¬ 
ing  the  branches  or  fruit,  and  eliminates  the  use 
of  the  hoe.  One  machine  will  work  100  acres  of 
orchard  and  keep  it  in  garden  tilth.  These  ma¬ 
chines  are  labor  savers  and  will  reduce  your 
cultivating  expenses  one-half,  even  if  you  have 
but  live  or  ten  acres  of  orchard.  Full  particu¬ 
lars  on  request.  Address 

LIGHT  DRAFT  HARROW  COMPANY,  Marshalltown,  Iowa 


MODERN  GARDENING 


Send  for 
76th 

Anniversary 

Catalog 
FREB 


'Our  No.  1  Wheel  Hoe  provides  a  way  to 
plow,  furrow,  cultivate  and  weed  your  garden^ 
without  taking  valuable  time  from  other  work.  < 
With  this  tool  a  boy  can  take  care  of  a  big  ' 
garden,  providing  fresh  vegetables  all  sum¬ 
mer.  A  wonderful  time  and  labor  saver  ' 
for  only  #7.00.  Other  tools  82.50  up. 


mm 


Farm  and 
Garden  Tools  I 


75 

YEAR: 

BUSIN 


"Why  try  to  got  along  the  old  way  when  J 
1  ou  can  buy  these  light,  durable,, 
landy  tools  ?  W rito  for  Anniversary^ 
Catalog  showing  entire  line,  in¬ 
cluding  potato  machinery,  etc.  ' 
BATEMAN  M’F’G  CO. 

Box  1021  No- 1 

Qrniloob, X.  1.  ^ w  &  Double  I 
or  8inglo  J 
Wheel  Hoe  1 


FUMA 


itpiiii  a  ”v  kills  Prairie  Dogs, 
“  m  m  Woodchucks,  Gophers, 

and  Grain  Insects. 
“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  s:nall.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

£with  “  Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  are  doiDg. 

EUWAKU  R.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. 


Use  a  HERCULES 


All-Steel  Triple-Power 


Stump  Puller  on 
30  Days’  Free  Trial 


Clear  up  your  stumpy  fields  at  our  risk  now 
with  a  famous  Hercules  on30  days’ Free  Trial. 
Test  it  on  your  place  at  our  risk.  Pulls  stumps 
out,  roots  and  all.  400£  stronger  than  any 
other  puller  made.  Triple  power  attachment 
means  one-third  greater  pull.  The  only  stump 
puller  guaranteed  for  3  years.  Only  one  with 
Double  Safety  Ratchets.  Only  one  with  all 
bearings  and  working  parts  turned,  finished 
and  machined,  reducing  friction,  increasing 
power,  making  .  it  extremely  light-running. 

I  Hitch  on  to  any  stump 
400  %  And  the 

More 
Power 


Stump  is  Bound 
to  Come 


Also  pulls  largest- 
sized  green  trees, 
hedgerows, 
etc.  Don’t  risk 
dangerous 
and  costly 
dynamite.  It 
only  shatters 
stump  and  leaves 
roots  In  ground. 
Save  big  money 
by  gett  lng  our 
1701717  DnAPC  and  free  trial  offer.  Also 
a  nr.r.  DUvJrkij  special  proposition  to 
first  buyers  where  we  have  no  agents.  Write  us  a 
postal  card  today.  Address 


HERCULES  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

130  17th  Street,  Centerville,  Iowa 


TRA0E  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT-  OFTICE. 


.  .  .  MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY  .  .  . 

Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Send  for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  “  Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


430 


THE  FtURAIs  NEW-YORKER 


April  1, 


OCTOBER  SALES  FROM  A  BACK  YARD. 

October,  1910,  was  my  banner  sales 
month  from  my  New  Jersey  garden  of 
.08  of  an  acre,  size  45x77  feet.  In  look¬ 
ing  over  my  records  for  a  few  years 
back,  I  find  November  was  the  banner 
month  in  1908 ;  sales  were  $17.84.  In 
1909  June  was  the  banner  month,  sales 
were  $22.89,  so  that  while  the  sales  of 
any  month  must  depend  upon  prepara¬ 
tions  that  are  made  many  months  be¬ 
fore,  the  banner  months  of  the  year  will 
vary  in  different  years.  The  second 
best  month  of  1910  was  June,  with 
sales  of  $19.05.  So  in  telling  how  I 
made  October  the  banner  month  it  will 
be  necessary  to  go  back  to  February, 
and  on  the  22nd  thereof  I  planted  a 
few  celery  seeds  in  the  cold  frame,  and 
on  March  22  I  planted  celery  seed  in  the 
outside  seed  bed.  On  May  21  I  trans¬ 
planted  some  of  the  largest  of  the  celery 
plants  in  the  cold  frame ;  they  were 
clipped  to  make  them  stocky,  and 
watered  occasionally  in  the  dry  spells. 
My  earliest  planting  of  peas  was  made 
on  March  28,  and  on  June  8  I  picked 
the  first  peas.  When  this  row  of  peas 
was  done  picking  I  pulled  the  brush,  and 
cut  the  vines  off  at  the  surface  of  the 
ground.  I  then  put  the  plow  on  the 
Planet  Jr.,  and  starting  as  near  the  ad¬ 
joining  corn  row  as  I  could,  I  threw  a 
furrow  from  the  pea  row,  returning  the 
same  distance  on  the  other  side.  I  re¬ 
peat  the  process  so  that  the  clean-up  fur¬ 
row  is  as  deep  as  I  can  make  it  when 
finished.  Into  this  I  put  two  good  bar- 
rows  of  cow  manure  and  threw  a  dou¬ 
ble  furrow  back  on  it ;  then  took  a  16- 
inch  garden  rake  and  fined  and  smoothed 
the  row  for  the  plants.  On  June  29  I 
set  about  one-half  of  the  row  with  the 
largest  plants,  all  that  were  ready  at 
the  time.  The  remainder  of  that  row 
and  four  others  were  set  with  celery 
plants  later  on,  as  fast  as  I  could  get  the 
plants  large  enough,  setting  the  last  cel¬ 
ery  on  August  20,  preparing  the  rows  as 
described  above.  About  the  first  of  Sep¬ 
tember  I  cleared  away  the  cornstalks, 
cutting  them  off  with  a  shovel  a  little 
below  the  surface,  so  that  the  stubs 
would  not  interfere  with  my  wheel  hoe. 
Stacking  the  stalks  out  of  the  way,  I  put 
the  cultivator  teeth  on  and  thoroughly 
worked  the  soil.  I  then  put  the  hoes 
on  and  loosened  it  as  deeply  as  I  could 
run  them,  then  with  the  plow  I  ridged  it 
up  and  put  in  best  possible  condition 
with  the  rake.  I  then  planted  three 
drills  of  Crimson  Giant  radish  seed 
about  eight  inches  apart  in  each  bed. 
The  first  two  of  these  beds  were  fol¬ 
lowed  by  a  third  when  the  stalks  were 
ready  to  remove,  with  the  same  treat¬ 
ment. 

Late  in  the  season,  after  I  had  set 
my  late  tomatoes  between  the  potatoes 
and  in  the  row  of  beets,  1  had  sofne  to¬ 
mato  plants  left,  which  I  set  in  the  rows 
of  early  beets,  putting  them  in  alternate 
rows  of  beets.  I  might  say  here  that  I 
stake  and  tie  all  my  tomato  plants. 
While  I  possibly  may  not  get  as  much 
fruit  from  a  plant,  I  can  get  more  plants 
on  the  same  ground,  and  I  do  not  lose 
any  fruit  from  rotting,  caused  by  con¬ 
tact  with  the  earth.  Perhaps  you  may 
ask  what  has  all  this  to  do  with  Octo¬ 
ber  sales.  Well,  these  things  whose 
planting  I  have  been  describing  fur¬ 
nished  the  bulk  of  products  to  make  the 
sales.  I  cultivated  the  celery  with  the 
wheel  hoe,  endeavoring  to  keep  the  sur¬ 
face  broken  at  all  times  to  prevent  evap¬ 
oration.  I  used  some  nitrate  of  soda  on 
the  celery,  sprinkling  it  beside  the  rows, 
but  was  careful  to  use  only  when  the 
foliage  was  free  from  moisture.  I  also 
used  some  raw  bone'  meal,  a  very  finely 
ground  grade,  sprinkling  it  on  the  row, 
and  gave  a  dose  of  about  20  pounds  table 
salt  about  two  weeks  before  the  celery 
was  large  enough  to  handle.  I  put  a 
barrow  of  cow  manure  in  old  paint 
kegs  each  one-half  full,  filling  up  with 
water.  After  letting  it  stand  at  least  24 
hours  I  would  dip  it  into  a  12-quart 
watering  can,  remove  the  sprinkler  and 
apply  as  near  the  roots  as  I  could  by 
walking  beside  the  row,  about  1J4  can  to 
a  row.  These  applications  of  liquid  ma¬ 
nure  I  continued  to  apply  until  about  two 
weeks  before  I  dug  the  celery.  I  also 
gave  the  radishes  a  few  doses  of  it. 

As  soon  as  the  celery  was  large  enough 
I  handled  it,  and  then  I  used  what 
boards  I  had  to  stand  up  beside  the  rows 
to  bleach  it.  It  is  not  safe  to  bleach  it 
with  dirt  so  early  in  the  season  lest  it 
rust  and  decay.  In  late  September  I 
bought  150  feet  of  10-inch  roofers  and 
used  them  for  bleaching  purposes  also, 
On  September  17  I  sold  the  first  celery. 

I  got  the  prices  at  the  stores  and  then 
gave  my  customers  good  value,  putting 
tw’O  to  four  stalks  in  a  bunch,  according 


to  size  and  price  at  the  stores,  and  charg¬ 
ing  10  cents  a  bunch.  As  I  had  only 
one-half  row  of  the  earliest  celery  I  se¬ 
cured  only  a  few  customers  at  first,  and 
supplied  them  weekly.  As  soon  as  the 
celery  was  grown  and  I  could  keep  a 
supply  bleached,  I  increased  the  number 
of  customers.  About  20  bunches  were 
all  I  could  get  ready  in  the  two  or  three 
hours  in  the  afternoon,  which  was  what 
time  I  had  to  give  to  it ;  and  I  was  even 
more  hurried  if  I  had  other  truck  to 
prepare.  .  , 

•I  marketed  most  of  my  truck  on  Fri¬ 
day  and  Saturday  evening,  getting  it 
ready  in  the  afternoon.  After  supper  I 
would  go  out  and  huckster  it,  also  taking 
orders  for  the  next  day,  which  I  would 
deliver  on  Saturday  evening.  As  the 
month  came  in  on  Saturday  I  had  five 
Saturdays,  which  was  to  my  advantage. 
My  sales  during  the  month  were  as  fol¬ 
lows:  Celery,  $5.75;  radishes,  $9.90; 

peppers,  20  cents ;  tomatoes,  $3.15 ;  Lima 
beans,  $3.82  ;  beets,  45  cents  ;  total,  $23.27, 
compared  with  October  of  1909  at  $15.53, 
or  with  June,  1909,  which  was  the  best 
previous  month,  at  $22.89.  My  only  rules 
are  to  keep  the  soil  at  work,  grow  the 
best  quality  of  truck  that  you  can.  Get  it 
to  the  consumer  direct  and  perfectly 
fresh.  Handle  it  carefully  and  in  as 
attractive  appearance  as  possible. 

STANTON  KIRKBRIDE. 

Camden  Co.,  N.  J. 


THE  IMPORTED  ONION  MAGGOT. 

The  Adult. — The  adult  insect  is  a  fly, 
somewhat  smaller  than  the  common  house 
fly,  but  resembling  it  very  much.  The 
male  is  gray,  with  black  bristles  and  hairs  ; 
it  has  a-  white  face  with  black  bristles, 
and  there  are  three  dark  lines  on  the  body 
between  the  wings  and  a  row  of  black  spots 
on  the  abdomen.  The  female  is  a  little  the 
larger,  and  inclined  to  dark  yellowish,  with 
a  pale  yellowish  face. 

Distribution  and  Injury. — The  onion 
maggot  is  found  in  this  country  wherever 
the  onion  is  grown.  It  is  an  imported 
insect,  whose  injury  to  the  onion  crop  is 
more  serious  than  that  of  any  other  in¬ 
sect.  The  onion  is  the  only  economic  plant 
attacked  by  this  species,  but  its  near  rela¬ 
tives,  the  seed-corn  maggot  and  the  cabbage 
maggot,  feed  on  a  greater  variety  of  plants. 
The  injury  is  entirely  in  the  bulb,  which 
is  bored  by  the  larvse.  The  young  plants 
are  often  attacked  by  from  one  to  10  or 
more  maggots,  which  almost  invariably  kill 
it,  causing  the  tops  to  wilt  and  finally  dry 
up.  The  injury  to  large  bulbs  takes  the 
form  of  small  borings,  which  often  lead  to 
decay. 

Life  History. — Hibernation  is  in  the 
adult  form.  The  flies  pass  the  Winter  in 
barns,  storage  houses,  or  among  rubbish 
piles,  principally  in  places  where  onions 
have  been  grown  or  stored.  They  emerge 
early  in  Spring  and  lay  eggs  on'  or  near 
the  young  plants,  .usually  at  the  surface, 
but  sometimes  underground.  The  female 
tries  to  find  a  wound  in  which  to  lay  her 
eggs,  but  has  no  power  to  make  wounds. 
The  eggs,  which  are  white,  elongate,  and 
almost  spindle-shaped,  are  deposited  in  small 
masses.  In  a  few  days  the  larvae  hatch 
and  bore  into  the  bulb,  usually  from  be¬ 
low.  The  larvae  are  footless,  tapering 
toward  the  head,  and  truncate  behind.  After 
killing  one  onion  they  may  travel  to  an¬ 
other.  The  first  brood  of  larvae  matures 
in  .lune  in  the  Northern  States.  At  matur¬ 
ity  they  contract,  become  brown,  and  form 
pupae,  from  which  the  adults  emerge  within 
a  few  days.  There  are  said  to  be  three 
generations  during  the  season,  of  these  tin? 
first  does  the  most  damage.  So  far  as  ob¬ 
served  there  are  no  natural  enemies,  and 
it  is  doubtful  if  the  birds  help  much  in 
keeping  the  maggot  in  check. 

Control. — I.  The  surest  means  of  preven¬ 
tion  is  the  destruction  of  all  rubbish  in 
the  onion  fields  as  soon  as  the  crop  has 
been  harvested.  During  the  Winter  all 
sheds  and  out-buildings  in  which  onions 
have  been  stored  should  -  be  thoroughly 
cleaned  and  when  possible  whitewashed. 
Fumigation  with  sulphur  is  a  very  good 
measure.  These  operations  will  destroy  a 
large  number  of  the  hibernating  flies.  2. 
The  New  Jersey  Experiment  Station  found 
(as  have  also  the  growers  around  Erie,  Pa.) 
that  onions  planted  late  in  April  suffered 
less  than  those  sown  earlier,  because  by 
that  time  the  females  had  deposited  their 
eggs  on  other  plants.  3.  The  Purdue  (In¬ 
diana)  Experiment  Station  and  the  Michigan 
Station  recommend  the  generous  use  of 
commercial  fertilizer,  both  in  the  prepara¬ 
tion  of  the  soil  and  after  the  plants  are 
growing.  The  entomologist  at  the  latter 
station  reports  that  one  grower,  by  push¬ 
ing  the  plants  rapidly  until  they  were  two- 
thirds  grown,  raised  a  large  crop  with  little 
loss  in  a  badly  infested  locality.  During 
the  growing  season  the  fertilizer  is  applied 
by  removing  the  surface  soil  on  both  sides 
of  the  rows,  dropping  the  fertilizer,  and 
replacing  the  soil.  The  Purdue  Station  re¬ 
ports  success  from  the  use  of  400  to  600 
pounds  of  kainit  and  200  pounds  of  nitrate 
of  soda.  The  New  Jersey  Station  recom¬ 
mends  the  use  of  500  pounds  per  acre  of 
a  mixture  consisting  of  700  pounds  nitrate 
300  pounds  muriate  of  potash.  4.  The 
removal  of  infested  plants  is  an  excellent 
preventive  of  widespread  injury.  It  is  a 
common  practice  to  pull  them  up,  but  they 
should  be  dug  up  with  plenty  of  earth 
and  drenched  with  kerosene  or  burned.  It 
is  of  little  value  to  pull  the  plants  if 
they  are  not  removed  from  the  field,  as 
the  maggots  will  simply  attack  plants  which 
might  otherwise  have  escaped.  5.  Car¬ 
bolic  acid  emulsion  has  been  used  success¬ 
fully.  It  is  made  by  emulsifying  one  gal¬ 
lon  of  boiling  water,  in  which  has  been  dis¬ 
solved  one  pound  of  soap,  with  a  pint  of 
carbolic  acid.  This  solution  should  be  di¬ 
luted  with  thirty  parts  of  water  and  used 
as  early  in  the  Spring  as  possible  by  pour¬ 
ing  ^  it  around  the  plants.  As  a  whole, 
cleaning,  by  fumigation  or  otherwise,  of 
storage  houses,  late  planting,  careful  de¬ 
struction  of  infested  plants,  thorough  cul¬ 
tivation,  and  heavy  fertilization  appear  to 
lie  the  most  practicable  means  at  present 
known  of  controlling  the  onion  maggot. 

Pennsylvania.  w.  c.  pelton. 


Dibble’s  Seed  Potatoes 

Northern  Grown.  :  Carefully  Selected 

Cobblers,  Ohios,  Bovees,  Rose, 
Hebrons,  Green  Mountains,  Maines, 
Carmans,  Raleighs  and  Gold  Coins 

in  any  quantity,  from  barrels  to  carloads, 
direct  from  our  1,600  acre  Seed  Farms  to 
yours.  Prices  on  Bed  Rock. 

Dibble’s  Farm  Seed  Catalogue  and 
Special  Surplus  Price  List,  just  issued, 
Free.  Address : 

EDWARD  F.  DIBBLE 

SEEBGROWER 

Box  B  HONEOYE  FALLS,  N.  Y. 


ONION  SEED 


of  the  Highest 
Germination 

Yellow  Danvers.  Yellow  Globe  Dan  vers.  Australian 
Brown,  Southport  Yellow  Globe,  SL00  lb.  Large  Ked 
Wethersfield.  1  *rizr  taker.  $1.10  lb.  Postpaid. 

ONION  SETS.— Fancy  Yellow  Danvers,  Eastern  Grown. 
§2.00  bushel. 

Write  for  Catalog  and  Fro.  trial  pkt.  of  New  Knk- 
huizen  Glory  Cabbage. 

.J.  AUG,  DRAKE,  Seedsman 
100  Main  Street,  -  ■  Chester,  N.  J. 


ONIOM  SEED 


We  are  headquarters  for  a  full  line  of  Stras- 
burg,  Flat  Danvers  and  Yellow  Globe  Onion 
Seed.  Try  them  for  No.  I  stock'.  Ctet  prices. 
- THEII. MANN  SEED  CO..  ERIE,  PA. - 


D M in N  QCCn- Home  grown  YellowGlobe,  $1 .25 lb. 
UillUli  OULU  postpaid;  5  lbs.  by  express,  $5.50. 
J.  B.  QUIRK,  North  Madison,  Ohio. 

ALFALFA 

All  Northorn  grown,  guaranteed  to  be  99  percent 
pure  and  free  from  dodder.  Write  for  free  sample 
on  which  we  invite  yon  to  get  Government  tests. 
ThiB  seed  should  produce  hay  at  $60  per  acre]  an¬ 
nually.  Free  instructions  on  growing. 

GRAIN  AND  GRASS  SEED 

Northern  grown  and  of  .strongest  vitality.  Wo 
handle  export  grade  only  and  cun  furnish  grass 
mixture  suitable  for  any  Boils. 


SOY  BEANS 


IK  S 

and  Mongol  are  the 
heaviest  known  yleld- 
ers.  Are  all  our  own 
new  varieties  obtainable  from  ns  only.  Mikado 
has  record  of  37  bu.  per  acre.  Will  grow  on  poor 
soil  and  greatly  improve  it.  Write  today  for  catalog. 

WING  SEED  CO.,  Box  323  Mechanfcsburg.  O. 

FOR  QA|  p— 300  Bushels  Irish  Cobbler  Seed  Pota- 
I  Uil  OHLl  toes  at  53c.  a  bu.  Grown  especially 
for  seed  purposes;  no  blight  or  disease  whatever. 

F.  D.  LOOK,  Campbell,  N.  Y. 


I  JO 

1—2* 


Salzer’s  French 
Bean  Coffee 

(soja  hispida) 

A  wholesome  drink !  The  healthiest 
ever;  you  can  grow  it  ih  your  own  gar¬ 
den  on  a  small  patch  10  feet  by  10,  pro¬ 
ducing  60  lbs.  or  more.  Ripens  in  Wis¬ 
consin  in  90  days.  •  Used  in  great,  quan¬ 
tities  in  France,  Germany  and  all  over 
Europe. 

Send  15  cents  in  stamps  and  we  will 
mail  you  a  package  giving  full  culture 
directions,  as  also  our  Mammoth  seed 
catalog  free;  or  send  81  cents  and  get, 
in  addition  to  above,  10,000  kernels  un¬ 
surpassable  vegetable  and  flower  seeds- 
enough  for  bushels  of  luscious. different 
vegetables  and  brilliant  flowers. 

JOHN  A.  5ALZER  SEED  COMPANY 
144  South  8ih  St.  LaCrosse  Wis 


□ 


Pomeroy  Hardy  English  WALNUT  TREES 

Free  Illustrated  Booklet 

ENGLISH  WALNUT  FARM 

D,  N.  POMEIiY,  LOCKPOKT,  N,  Y. 

SWEET  POTATO  PLANTS 

Wahrheim  Farm  Strain;  Bright, Gol¬ 
den,  Chunky;  Very  Productive.  200. 
postpaid,  50c.  Write  for  prices,  etc., 
on  larger  lots. 

GKO.  H.  LIKPK,  Cologne,  N.  J. 


Ff1R  QAI  C— 50.000  Strawberry,  20,000  Lucretia 
run  OnLL  Dewberry,  20,000  Grapevines.  Send 
for  price  list.  JOHN  CASAZZA,  Vineland,  N,  J. 


50,000  ASPARAGUS  PLANTS 

Grown  from  seed  saved  from  most  profitable  field 
in  Middle  Delaware.  Owing  to  press  of  other  work 
cannot  use  them.  Offer  for  sale  at  $2.00  per  M. 

S.  H.  DERBY  &  CO.  .  .  Woodside,  Del. 


MILLIONS  OF  FLOWERING 

and  Decorating  Plants  of  all  kinds,  including  Early 
and  Late  Vegetable  Plants  in  abundance,  for  Flor¬ 
ists.  Landscape  Gardeners,  Parks,  Institutions, 
etc.,  at  wholesale  prices.  Send  for  lists. 

ALONZO  J,  BRYAN,  Wholesale  Florist,  Washington,  N.  J. 


■*  w  r  *  M'TP  a few good customersfor 

WANTEDara'fia 

We  want  your  custom  and  you  want  our  goods. 
Send  for  our  FREE  catalog. 

The  Rochester  Nurseries,  Rochester,  N.Y. 


l>otatoes»  Disease-Proof  Read’s 
*-•* *~* *-*  Goldenflake,  Golden  Gem,  and  Peach- 
blow.  Newvarieties,  wonders.  Solddirect.  Write 
for  facts.,  G.  A.  READ  Read's  Exp.  Farms,  Charlotte,  Vt. 

INOCULATED  ALFALFA  SOIL 

75  cents  per  hundred,  $10.00  per  ton.  F.  O.  B.  Ash- 
ville.  Pa.  Send  for  FREE  booklet  “  How  to  Grow 
Alfalfa.”  Dr.  H.  SOMERVILLE,  Chest  Springs, 
Cambria  Comity,  Pa. 

gM  Ml  B91A  NEW  SEED  OATS.  Bigmone* 
EN  B  IM  (■  in  right  kind  oi  oats.  Here’* 

B  K5  ffi  XjL  your  chance.  Imported  Canadian 

■  H  U  ■  seed  oats,  raised  on  Galloway 

BH  flaD  M  kn  Brothers’  big  farm  in  Canada. 

H  RG  H  New,  clean  land.  Regenerated 

Swedish  Select  went  116  bushels 
to  acre;  Early  New  Market  110  bushels  to  acre.  Farmers  who 
bought  this  seed  from  us  last  year  raised  as  high  as  75  to  100 
bushels  In  this  country,  and  found  out  their  old  seed  was  inbred 
and  run  out.  Change  your  seed.  Try  some  of  this  new  seed, 
pend  for  free  sample,  or  10  cents  for  large  packet.  Will  also  send 
our  free  booklet,  entitled  “Big  Money  in  Oats  and  Itow  to  Grow 
Them.’’  Galloway  Bros.-Bowman  Company 
662  Galloway  Station  Waterloo,  Iowa 

Sensation  yielded  96 *2  bus.  per 
acre  on  25  acres.  Best  oats  in  cul¬ 
tivation.  Largest  grain,  stiffest  straw,  and  almost 
as  heavy  as  wheat.  Try  them  this  season  and  double 
your  yield.  It  will  be  the  best  investment  you  ever 
made.  Sample  and  catalogue  free. 

THUO.  HUKT  &  SONS  .  .  Melrose,  Ohio 

SEED  CORN — Reid’s  Yellow  Dent,  Imp. Learning, 
Golden  Surprise,  American  Pride,  Wiiito  (lap  and 

seed  oats.  Catalog  free.  THE0.8URI  &  SONS, Melrose, Ohio 

CHOICE  COW  PEAS 

Hand  threshed;  anv  variety,  any  quantity.  Cor 
respondence  solicited.  SUDLER  BROS,,  Bridgeville,  Del. 

STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  for  Business.  Fancy 
Berries.  That’s  what  talks.  Leading  varieties. 
Catalogue  free.  I).  M.  TEETER,  Belleville,  Ohio. 

HIGH  GRADE  STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 

w  rite  for  list  and  prices. 

J.  BETSCHER  ...  Canal  Dover,  Ohio. 


WHOLESALE  PRICES 


SEED  OATS 


On  Strawberry,  Raspberry 
Currant.  Asparagus  and  Gi 
High  Grade  Stock. 

A-  R.  WESTON  &  CO- 


Blackberry,  Gooseberry, 
rape  Plants,  Heavy  Rooted, 
19th  Annual  Catalogue  Free. 

R.  8  Bridgman,  Mich. 


s 


TRAWBERRY  PLANTS  only  *1 .50  &  $1 .75  per  J000.  Illus. 
Catalogue  Free.  S.  A.  YIRDIN,  Har,  ly,  Del. 


Qtrau/hom/  Plante  th0  Best  varieties. 
OlldnUcliy  lICHIIo  Descriptive  Catalogue 
Free.  BASIL  PERRY,  D.  18,  Cool  Spring.  Del. 


s 


TKAWHLKRY  PLANTS — Guaranteed  true  to  name.  Jllust. 
Catalog  free.  G.  E.  BUNTING,  Selbyville,  Del. 


_  .  gva  ■ 

RASPBERRY  PLANTS  BERT  BAKER,  Hoosick  Foils,  N.  Y 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  THAT  GROW 


All  Standard  Varieties.  Also  RASPBERRY,  BLACKBERRY, 
CURRANT  and  GRAPE  Flams  and  ASPARAGUS  Roota  in 
ASSORTMENT.  WARRANTED  TRUE-TO-NAME,  and  of 
GRADE  represented.  Catalog  with  Cultural  Instructions  FREE. 

C  E.  WHITTEN.  BOX  11,  BRIDGMAN,  MICHIGAN. 

STRAWBERRY  PLANTS— New  and  old  varieties.  Send 
for  new  Illus.  Catalogue  for  1911.  Prices  from 
$1.50  per  1,000  up.  DAVID  KODWAY,  Hartly,  Dei. 


PLANTS 


Our  free  book  quotes 
lowest  prices,  honestly 
describes  60  varieties, 
explains  C.  O.  D.  plan, 
o  plant  and  grow  strawberries,  rasp¬ 
berries,  blackberries,  grapes,  etc. 

A.  G.  BLOUNT,  Dept.  A,  Hastings,  N.  Y. 

STRAWBERRY  PLANTS. 

Seven  of  the  very  best  varieties  out  of  a  hundred; 
they  have  stood  the  test,  we  have  them  pure  and 
our  prices  are  right. 

Also,  have  a  few  more  of  our  selected  New  Stone 
Tomato  Seed  at  $1.00  per  lb.,  as  long  as  they  last. 

Don’t  forget  to  get  our  1911  Catalogue  of  all  kinds 
of  vegetable  plants  in  their  season.  We  have  a 
fine  lot  of  Asparagus  Hoots  to  offer  this  spring — 
the  finest  wo  have  ever  had. 

ROMANCE  SEED,  PLANT  AND  TRUCK  FARM, 

Caleb  Boggs  &  Son,  Cheswold  «0elaware. 


5,000  QUARTS  OF 

STRAWBERRIES 

in  September  and  October 
from  one  acre  by  planting 
Kevitt’s  New  Fall-Bearing 
Plants.  This  I  guarantee  or 
I  will  return  your  money 
paid  for  plants.  Send  for  my 
catalogue.  Over  five  new 
fall-bearing  varieties. 

T.  C.  KEVITT,  ATHENIA,  N.  J. 


0,000 


Strawberry  Plants 


Large  stock  thrifty  young  plants  from  famous 
“Heritage”  strain.  Prolific  hearer.  Also  Trees, 
Vines.California  Privet,  Asparagus  Roots,  Spraying 
Outfits,  Garden  Tools,  etc.  write  today  for  free  catalog. 

Arthur  J.  Collins,  Box  R,  Moorestown,  N.  J. 


1911. 


THE  RURAt  NEW-YORKER 


4ol 


Sprouting  Potatoes;  Starting  Melons. 

J.  F.  F.,  Bedminster,  Pa. — 1.  On  page 
800  are  illustrations  of  “sun-sprouted"  pota¬ 
to  seed.  Would  there  be  any  gain  and 
would  it  be  practicable  to  cut  tubers  two 
eyes  to  a  piece  and  allow  to  sprout  simi¬ 
larly  the  same  way?  2.  Would  you  con¬ 
sider  It  advisable  to  plant  an  early  variety 
of  cantaloupe  in  paper  pots,  then  set  out 
In  plot  where  desired  to  grow  when  dan¬ 
ger  of  frost  is  past?  My  desire  is  to  cap¬ 
ture  local  market  for  early  cantaloupes. 
Please  give  nature  of  soil,  method  of  fer¬ 
tility  and  kind  of  cantaloupe  best  adapted 
for  this  purpose. 

Ans. — 1.  No — do  not  cut  the  seed  be¬ 
fore  “sun  sprouting.”  It  will  dry  out 
too  much  and  if  the  season  turns  dry  it 
will  not  do  well.  “Sun  sprout”  the  en¬ 
tire  seed.  2.  If  you  handle  them  right 
the  melons  started  in  pots  or  on  sods  in 
the  hotbed  will  give  you  an  earlier  crop. 
Do  not  let  them  get  “pot  bound”  or 
stay  in  the  pots  so  long  that  the  roots 
are  cramped. 

Baldwin  Apples  Every  Year. 

Since  we  have  been  spraying  our  or¬ 
chards  I  am  pretty  fully  convinced  that 
if  they  are  sprayed  as  much  as  they 
should  be  and  properly  manured,  and 
not  allowed  to  overbear,  they  will  be 
quite  sure  to  bear  every  year,  unless 
they  are  injured  by  frost.  There  is  a 
Baldwin  orchard  on  the  farm  we  last 
sold  that  produced  its  fifth  annual  crop 
last  season  without  a  skip.  But  it  is 
on  a  deep  chestnut  loam  soil,  one  with 
no  hardpan  subsoil,  and  has  been  thor¬ 
oughly  sprayed  every  year,  and  used  as 
a  sheep  pasture,  the  sheep  being  fed 
plenty  of  supplemental  food.  The  fact 
is  trees  must  have  lots  of  healthy  foliage 
in  order  to  keep  up  the  growth  of  tree 
and  grow  a  crop  of  fruit,  and  then  if 
allowed  to  overbear  the  whole  energy- 
goes  to  the  production  of  fruit,  and  it 
takes  the  next  year  for  the  tree  to  re¬ 
cuperate.  This  orchard  has  large  rugose 
leaves,  dark  and  healthy,  and  is  care¬ 
fully  pruned  so  as  not  to  overbear. 
Being  so  well  sprayed  it  holds  its  leaves 
away  along  weeks  after  other  orchards 
all  around  are  as  bare  as  Winter. 

j.  s.  WOODWARD. 

Grafting  in  the  Fall. 

C.  C.  M.,  Lunenburg,  Mass. — What  about 
Fall  grafting?  There  was  quite  a  lot  of 
top-grafting  done  on  apple  trees  here  last 
Fall.  Will  they  keep  moist  and  start  all 
right  in  the  Spring,  or  will  the  wind  dry 
the  scions  out  until  they  will  die?  I  have 
some  large  apple  trees  that  I  should  like 
to  top-graft.  Will  it  do  to  graft  a  very 
early  variety,  such  as  Gravensteiu  or  Red 
Astrachan  and  a  very  late  variety,  such  as 
Baldwin  or  Wagener,  on  the  same  tree, 
grafting  half  to  early  and  half  to  late? 

Ans. — I  have  never  done  any  grafting 
in  the  Fall,  and  cannot  tell  from  ex¬ 
perience  what  would  be  the  result,  but 
I  have  been  told  by  those  who  have 
done  it  on  stocks  near  the  ground  that 
it  has  succeeded.  The  plan  is  to  cover 
the  graft  to  the  top  with  soil  and  trash 
and  thus  protect  it  from  the  weather. 
It  is  my  belief  that  if  the  grafts  are  left 
exposed  to  the  weather  over  Winter  in 
any  northern  climate  that  they  would 
die  or  be  very  seriously  injured.  In  a 
very  mild  climate  there  would  be  no 
such  danger.  Grafting  early  and  late 
varieties  will  not  affect  them,  is  what  I 
believe  after  many  years  of  experience 
and  observation.  h.  e.  van  deman. 

Transplanting  Large  Grapevines. 

On  page  816  G.  O.  A.  asks  about  moving 
old  grapevines.  I  have  moved  at  differ¬ 
ent  times  old  grapevines,  with  good  suc¬ 
cess.  I  dig  a  trench  18  inches  deep  by 
about  12  inches  wide,  according  to  the 
size  of  the  vine.  I  dig  a  place  about  at 
the  center  of  the  trench,  a  place  large 
enough  for  the  -roots,  press  the  branches 
down  to  the  bottom  of  the  trench.  If  some 
branches  are  not  lying  down  well  I  give 
them  a  twist ;  they  will  take  root  there 
quicker,  then  from  place  to  place  I  leave 
some  young  shoots  sticking  out  above 
ground  four  or  five  inches.  The  branches 
must  lie  about  eight  or  10  inches  below 
the  surface  of  the  ground.  The  first  year 
there  will  be  no  showing,  but  the  second 
year  will  make  surprising  growth  because 
all  these  old  branches  will  have  made 
roots  the  whole  length.  The  third  and 
fourth  years  will  be  far  ahead  of  a  vine 
two  years  old,  planted  at  the  same  time. 

T.  G.  M. 


Use  of  Wood  Ashes. 

Would  it  be  a  good  plan  to  spread  fresh 
hard-wood  ashes  on  land  that  was  plowed 
last  Fall,  and  is  to  be  seeded  to  Alfalfa 
this  Spring?  Will  the  lime  in  the  ashes 
be  as  good  as  air-slaked  lime?  How  much 
should  there  be  used?  I  can  get  all  the 
ashes  I  have  use  for,  and  I  intend  to  put 
a  liberal  amount  on,  so  it  would  not  be 
necessary  to  spread  more  for  some  years. 
•For  what  crops  will  ashes  be  good? 

Iron  Mountain,  Mich.  j.  j.  e. 

Yes,  the  lime  in  the  ashes  will  be  as 
good  as  air-slaked  lime.  On  an  average  a 
ton  of  the  ashes  will  carry  about  600 
pounds  of  lime.  A  fair  dressing  of  lime  is 
2.000  pounds,  therefore  about  three  tons  of 
ashes  would  be  needed.  The  ashes  contain 
also  about  100  pounds  of  potash  to  the 
ton.  They  are  most  useful  in  grain,  grass, 
garden  crops  and  all  fruits  except  straw¬ 
berries. 

Mulching  to  Retard  Buds. 

Would  a  heavy  mulch  of  straw,  etc., 
around  bearing  trees  retard  the  blossoming 
period,  enough  to  make  the  mulching  worth 
while?  Would  the  buds  start  even  if  the 
roots  were  kept  dormant?  If  so,  would  not 
that  injure  the  tree  by  drying  out?  Do  you 
advise  painting  the  trunks  of  peach  trees, 
when  planting,  with  common  tar,  to  keep 
out  borers?  w.  p.  k. 

Illinois. 

Such  mulching  has  not  made  any  great 
difference  with  us.  The  buds  will  start  re¬ 
gardless  of  root  conditions  if  the  sun  and 
rain  are  warm  enough.  In  case  of  such 
early  starting  we  think  a  mulch  heavy 
enough  to  hold  frost  too  long  in  the  soil 
would  hurt  rather  than  help.  No,  we  do 
not  advise  painting  with  tar.  So  far  as 
we  are  concerned  those  who  do  it  take  their 
own  risk. 

Self-sown  Oats ;  Fertilizer  for  Truck. 

If  a  field  is  sown  to  oats  and  let  get  over¬ 
ripe  so  that  they  thrash  out  in  cutting,  so 
bad  that  when  they  come  up  again  it  looks 
like  a  new  stand,  will  they  come  on  the 
next  year  and  put  off  a  crop,  or  is  it  better 
to  plow  for  another  crop  of  some  kind? 
Having  my  place  worked  on  shares,  the 
above  is  my  case  (12  acres).  Do  you  ap¬ 
prove  of  commercial  fertilizers  for  truck 
farming,  and  what  kind  would  you  advise 
for  rolling  sandy  soil?  F.  c.  a. 

Jackson,  Mich. 

It  is  not  likely  that  these  oats  will  make 
a  fair  stand  next  Spring.  We  would  plow 
the  land  for  another  crop.  The  right  kind 
of  chemicals  will  give  results  on  truck 
crops.  The  greatest  needs  for  a  sandy 
6oil  are  available  nitrogen  and  potash.  Un¬ 
less  you  have  had  some  experience  with 
chemicals  you  will  do  well  to  get  some  re¬ 
liable  brand  containing  at  least  three  per 
cent  nitrogen,  seven  of  phosphoric  acid  and 
eight  of  potash. 


Cotton  Boi.i.-wokm  “Conspiracy." — Dur¬ 
ing  the  Winter  report  was  printed  of  a 
“conspiracy"  concocted  by  two  bad  men 
from  Texas  to  scatter  the  deadly  cotton 
boll-weevil  through  the  cotton-growing  coun¬ 
tries  of  Georgia.  The  stated  object  of  this 
was  to  ruin  the  crop  of  Georgia  and  South 
Carolina,  and  thus  torce  up  the  price.  We 
wrote  the  director  of  the  Georgia  Experi¬ 
ment  Station  about  this  and  received  the 
following  reply  : 

“It  is  my  opinion  that  the  veriest  pervert 
could  not  have  concocted  so  perfect  a  fake 
as  the  boll-weevil  distribution  story  to 
which  you  refer.  The  boll-weevil  will 
meander  this  way  by  and  by,  but  the  people 
now  know  that  to  plant  the  earlier  varieties 
of  cotton  and  to  adopt  and  religiously  prac¬ 
tice  high  fertilization,  rapid,  light,  level  cul¬ 
tivation  will  be  to  outwit  the  pesky  pest.” 

MARTIN  V.  CALVIN. 


Don’t  use  an  immense  tank,  either 
elevated  or  buried,  for  storing 
water.  Stored  watoris  unhealthful 
for  your  family  and  yonr  stock. 
Pump  the  water  direct,  with  com- 
„  ,  ,  .  ,  „  ,  pressed  air,  as  you  use  it.  Supply 

Equipment  may  be  placed  at  any  distance  the  home  with  water  fresh  from 
from  the  weH.  Outfits  supplied  for  any  lift.  the  well  by  using  the 

PERRY  PNEUMATIC  WATER  SYSTEM- 

The  only  water  system  which  stores  no  water 

WITTI  the  Perry  System,  the  water  stays  in  the  well  until  it  is  needed.  Continuous 
pressure  in  the  pipes  at  all  times,  same  as  city  supply.  The  Perry  System  forces 
water  from  the  source  of  supply  to  the  faucets  by  direct  air  pressure.  It  stores  com¬ 
pressed  air,  which  is  the  power  that  forces  the  water  from  the  cylinders  of  the  pneu¬ 
matic  pump.  This  stored  air  is  reserve  power,  making  it  necessary  to  operate 
the  compressor  only  occasionally ;  therefore  the  motor,  engine,  or  whatever  power 
employed  may,  in  the  meantime,  be  used  for  other  purposes. 

One  air-compressing  outfit  will  supply  both  hard  and  soft  water,  if  desired. 
Easy  to  install  and  operate. 

The  Perry  System  is  adapted  for  open  or  driven  wells,  lakes,  rivers  or  springs. 
Economical  in  operation.  Endorsed  by  architects  and  engineers.  Fully  guaranteed. 
Write  for  descriptive  catalog. 

UNITED  PUriP  AND  POWER  CO. 


473  ODD  CODON Y  BUIDDING,  CHICAGO. 


What  Can  Be  Done  With  Swamplands 

Swamplands  can  be  reclaimed  and  made  profitable  by  intelligent  fertilization. 
They  will  produce  good  corn,  onions,  potatoes  and  hay.  Their  productiveness  is 
not  only  increased,  but  maintained 

By  Using  POTASH  on  Them 

Use  ioo  to  200  pounds  of  Muriate  per  acre  for  corn,  and  the  same  amount  of 
Sulphate  for  onions,  potatoes  or  celery.  Drill  in  75  pounds  of  Kainit  with  seed 
to  drive  away  root-lice  or  cut-worms. 

Send  for  FREE  literature  on  this  interesting  subject.  •  Get  our  prices  on  any  amount  of  Potash  from  200  lbs,  up. 

GERMAN  KALI  WORKS.  Inc. 

Continental  Bldg.,  Baltimore  Atonadnock  Block,  Chicago  Whitney  Central  Bank  Bldg.,  New  Orleans 


FRUIT  GROWERS  FAVORITE  SAW 

IS  THE  MOST  PRACTICAL  TREE  PRUNER  EVER  INVENTED 

Because  it  saves  time  and  labor  and  is  so  easy  to 
handle.  It  is  made  with  a  15-inch  draw  cut  blade 
and  has  a  7  or  8  foot  handle. 

Write  today  for  Descriptive  Circular  and  Prices. 

FRUIT  GROWERS  SAW  COMPANY.  Scottsville.  New  York. 


THE  HAMILTON  RESERVOIR 
ORCHARD 
HEATER 


Positively 
the  most 
effective 
boater  be¬ 
cause  of  its 
REGULATED 
EIRE.  Many 
other  points  of  superiority. 

Write  for  our  RED  BOOK  on  orchard 
heating  free.  Tells  you  how  best  to  smudge 
HAMILTON  ORCHARD  HEATER  CO..  Grand  Junction,  Colo. 


t  means  death  and  destruction  when  it  comes.  Why  take  chances  ?  You  owe  it 
as  a  sacred  duty  to  your  family  to  guard  them  and  their  home  from  the  fateful 
and  terrible  lightning.  Don’t  delay.  There  is  certain,  absolute  protection  in 


Be  DODD  SYSTEM 


of  Lightning 

Control 


causes  three  out  of  four  fires  in  the  country . 
statistics  of  fire  insurance  companies. 

Insurance  companies  urge  you  to  protect  your  home 
with  the  Dodd  System  of  lightning  protection.  It  is  a 
matter  of  business  with  them.  It  saves  them  three- 
fourths  of  all  their  fire  losses. 


Tens  of  thousands  of  buildings  are  protected  by 
D.  -S.  Lightning  Rods.  Not  a  one  ever  destroyed. 
It  should  be  a  matter  of  love  and  duty,  as  well  as 
business,  with  you  to  protect  your  home.  Over 
2000  insurance  companies  (Mutual  and  Old 
Line)  grant  reduced  insurance  rates  on  build¬ 
ings  protected  with  D.  -S.  rods. 


Delay  May  Be  Fatal!  Act  Now!! 

Start  by  writing  us.  You  will  be  serving  your  own  best  interests.  Protection  costs  but  a  small  fraction  of 
what  you  have  at  stake.  The  rods  are  erected  once  for  all.  It  is  a  permanent  investment,  adds  but  slightly 
to  the  cost  of  your  buildings,  and  the  reduced  rates  of  insurance  quickly  repay  the  cost.  See  to  it  that 
you  get  the  Dodd  System,  the  one  which  affords  unquestioned  protection,  the  system  which  lias  uni¬ 
versal  endorsement.  It  is  installed  under  a  personal,  binding  guarantee  to  refund  all  money  or 
make  good  your  damage,  if  damage  occurs.  Note  the  Trade  Mark  below.  You  will  find  it  on  all 
genuine  D.-S.  rods.  See  that  it  is  on  the  system  you  buy. 

It  will  pay  you  to  read  our  great  Lightning  Book,  a  book  you  can  understand.  Makes  everything 
plain.  Large  pages,  many  striking  lightning  pictures  from  photographs.  Contains  Prof.  Dodd’s 
great  Lecture  ou  Lightning.  Your  free  copy  is  waiting.  Write  for  it  to-day. 

DODD  &  STRUTHERS, 

437  CtU  Ave.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa 


Standard 

Copper 

Cable 

Rods 

at 

the 

Standard 

Price 


West  Dodd  Originator 
of  the  Dodd  System 


Benjamin  Franklin,  Originator 
of  Lightning  Control 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


April  1, 


THE  CHESTNUT  IN  THE  SOUTH. 

I  was  very  much  interested  in  the  ar¬ 
ticle  appearing  on  page  226,  wherein 
Prof.  Van  Deman  offers  some  excellent 
advice  to  some  one  writing  from  Run, 
Texas,  as  to  the  advisability  of  planting 
the  Sober  Paragon  chestnut.  Having 
considerable  practical  experience  in  the 
cultivation  of  the  chestnut  in  the  South, 
I  will  add  my  views.  About  15  years 
ago  I  procured  from  a  nurseryman  in 
San  Francisco  half  a  dozen  Japanese 
chestnuts,  imported  stock.  They  grew 
very  thriftily,  and  today  are  upwards  of 
40  feet  in  height  and  measure  42  inches 
in  circumference.  They  bear  prolifically 
every  year,  and  when  the  Summer  is  dry 
they  mature  their  fruit,  which  is  very 
large,  one  nut  easily  covering  a  silver 
dollar,  and  coming  often  three  in  a  burr. 
But  right  here  is  where  the  uncertainty 
arises.  If  July  is  a  wet  month,  the 
moisture  collects  in  the  partially  open¬ 
ing  burr,  and  the  nut  sours,  and  the 
crop  is  a  failure.  So  I  can  only  say  that 
Prof.  Van  Deman  has  given  sage  advice. 
Now,  one  word  more:  I  know  from  ex¬ 
perience  that  your  paper  has  an  enor¬ 
mous  circulation  among  a  very  intelli¬ 
gent  and  inquiring  class  of  people,  and  I 
would  advise  them  that  I  am  only  an 
enthusiastic  amateur  horticultural 
“crank,”  and  have  neither  trees  nor  nuts 
for  sale,  and  very  little  time  to  answer 
questions.  c-  J*  EDWARDS. 

Louisiana. _ ____ 

The  Tin  Can  System. 

The  interesting  account  of  the  Hope 
Farm  man  as  to  the  “tin  can”  system  of 
feeding  the  people  in  Florida  encouraged 
me  to  tell  what  has  been  done  in  other 
lauds  to  introduce  the  vegetables  of  tem¬ 
perate  climates  into  the  home  of  the  orange 
and  the  pineapple.  A  son  went  out  to  loi- 
mosa  five  years,  ago  and  found  that  vege¬ 
tables  were  scarce  except  in  tin  cans,  and 
potatoes  that  were  taken  over  from  Amoy. 
Being  a  determined  youth,  not  easily  daunt¬ 
ed  he  set  about  making  a  garden,  and  be¬ 
ing  a  farmer’s  son,  with  a  natural  love  for 
such  things,  he  has  put  in  seed  of  all  the 
vegetables  that  grow  in  the  northern  home 
garden,  sending  here  for  the  seed.  He 
has  been  writing  all  Winter,  while  we  are 
snowbound,  of  eating  green  peas  fresh  from 
the  garden  in  January,  of  corn  and  toma¬ 
toes.  spinach  and  beets,  cauliflower  and  all 
the  soup  vegetables  and  salads  so  plentiful 
as  to  be  given  away.  For  the  land  is  rich, 
and  everything  grows  luxuriantly,  in  a 
country  where  rice  and  pineapples  and  tea 
are  the  staples.  After  a  visit  to  the  south¬ 
ern  part  of  the  island  he  wrote  that  they 
had  no  vegetables  there  but  potatoes  and 
cabbage,  and  I  should  not  be  surprised  if 
his  example  spreads  so  as  to  do  away  with 
tiie  tin  can  system  to  a  large  extent  among 
the  foreigners  settled  there,  the  natives 
living  largely  on  rice.  There  are  many 
drawbacks  to  success,  for  the  large  white 
ants,  and  other  formidable  insects,  are 
ready  to  devour,  and  the  hot,  scorching 
sun  soon  dries  up  the  plants  if  water  is 
withheld  for  even  a  short  time.  Yet  he 
has  planted  fruit  trees  and  many  orna¬ 
mentals,  and  sent  home  for  cuttings  of 
hothouse  as  well  as  outdoor  grapes  and 
currant  bushes.  The  grapevines  stood  the 
10,000  miles  of  travel  well,  and  are  grow¬ 
ing  luxuriantly,  but  he  finds  it  hard  to 
keep  the  currant  bushes  alive,  as  they  like 
coolness  and  moisture.  The  canning  of 
vegetables  is  a  useful  industry,  of  which 
we  are  all  glad  enough  to  avail  ourselves, 
but  the  excessive  use  and  dependence  upon 
them  in  a  farming  community  indicates  a 
lack  somewhere,  for  there  is  nothing  better 
for  health  than  a  free  use  of  vegetables, 
home-grown  and  fresh  from  the  soil. 

ANNIE  L.  JACK. 


Terms  of  Contract. 

Will  you  please  tell  us  if  this  contract 
signed  by  both  parties  before  witness  can 
be  enforced,  the  custom  of  this  part  of  the 
country  being  to  change  farms  on  April  1. 
The  contract  reads  as  follows : 

“The  said  owner  hereby  leases  to  said 

tenant  his  farm  situated  on - 

for  the  term  of  one  year  from  and  after  the 

first  day  of  March,  1910,  under  - 

- - conditions.” 

In  spite  of  continual  urging  on  the  part 
of  the  owner,  the  said  tenant  did  not  move 
in  until  about  April  1  and  now  claims  his 
year  does  not  expire  until  April  1,  1911, 
although  he  signed  contract  to  vacate  one 
year  from  March  1,  1910.  H.  H. 

In  this  contract  the  data  would  gov¬ 
ern  rather  than  local  usage. 


Where  can  Fruit  be  Sold  ? 

I  have  a  20-acre  Elberta  peach  orchard 
in  southern  part  of  Arkansas.  It  will 
bear  in  a  year.  When  I  first  set  it  out, 
orchards  were  popular,  but  the  last  two 
years  no  one  can  find  market  for  their 
fruit  (all  the  fruit  is  canned).  Some  of 
the  farmers  sold  bad  fruit  and  small  meas¬ 
ure  in  the  cans.  I  judge  they  have  got 
the  reputation  of  the  country  down.  How 
can  I  secure  a  sure  market  for  my  canned 
peaches?  Of  course  I  intend  canning  fine 
fruit,  but  I  would  like  to  have  an  under¬ 
standing  with  a  company  before  canning 
fruit.  One  farmer  went  out  on  the  road 
with  sample  case,  and  failed  to  sell.  Would 
it  pay  to  ship  fruit  farther  north  than 
Kansas  City?  How  could  I  find  the  name 
of  companies  who  handle  fruit  in  different 
cities?  It  does  not  seem  reasonable  to 
destroy  an  orchard  for  want  of  a  market, 
but  a  good  many  people  are  digging  them 
up  around  here.  w.  m. 

Talihina,  Okla. 

R.  N.-Y. — Can  any  reader  help  in  this? 
Where  can  a  market  for  this  fruit  be 
found  ? 

Moke  About  Manure  Spreaders. — As  to 
the  merits  of  a  manure  spreader,  I  could 
not  get  along  without  one.  In  1896  I 
bought  one,  not  quite  new,  used  it  for  12 
years  and  spread  about  5,000  loads  of  ma¬ 
nure  and  three  carloads  of  lime  with  it. 
In  1908  I  sold  this  one  for  the  same  price 
it  had  cost  me  originally,  and  bought  a 
new  one  the  same  year.  Both  hold  50 
bushels.  The  new  spreader  receives  the 
same  care  and  usage  as  the  old  one,  that 
is,  I  oil  all  parts  well,  keep  it  clean  and 
house  it.  The  cost  of  repairs  on  the  old 
spreader  has  been  less  than  $5  during  my 
ownership ;  there  have  been  no  repairs  so 
far  on  the  new  one,  though  it  has  handled 
400  loads  of  manure  every  year  and  one 
load  of  lime  in  1910.  Mine  is  rolling  land. 
I  top-dress  meadows,  using  a  team  of  horses 
weighing  1100  pounds  each,  and  by  making 
use  of  the  grades  and  descents  of  the  land, 
find  the  work  not  at  all  hard  for  the  team. 
1  have  spread  as  much  as  30  loads  per  day, 
two  men  loading.  I  recommended  the  spread¬ 
er  to  a  friend,  a  large  farmer ;  he  bought 
two  of  the  same  make  as  mine,  and  pro¬ 
nounces  them  an  absolute  failure.  Ignor¬ 
ance  was  trumps  in  this  case.  H.  H.  L. 

Rockland  County,  N.  Y. 


.  14 - 


FARQUHAR 

THRESHERS 


The  Perfect  Threshing  Outfit 


Whether  you  thresh  your  own  gram 
only,  or  do  contract  threshing,  you 
should  investigate  Farquhar  Threshing 
Machinery.  Handles  wheat,  oats,  rye, 
buckwheat — any  grain. 

Works  fast,  runs  easy,  saves  power,  lias 
fewest  parts,  outwears  other  threshers, 
separates  clean.  Three  styles — 20  to  40  inch. 
Send  for  catalogs  of  Threshing  Machinery, 
Engines,  Boilers,  Saw-Mills  ami  Road  Engines. 
A.  B.  FARQUHAR  CO..  Ltd.,  Box  614,  Yorls.Pa. 


Agents  Wanted 


,  in  each  town  to  ride  an  exhibit  sample  1911  bicy¬ 
cle.  Write  for  special  ol/er. 

Finest  Guaranteed  ^07 

,  1911  Models  * 

k  with  Coaster-Brakes  and  Puncture- Proof  tires. 

11909  &  1910  Models  dffO 

kail  of  best  makes  ... 

1  lOO  Second  -  Hand  Wheels 

All  makes  and  models,  « o  t  n 
Hgood  as  new .  *0  iptf 

H  Great  FACTORY  CLEARING  SALE 

I  We  Ship  on  Approval -without  a 
flccnt  deposit ,  pay  the  freight ,  and  allow 

TO  DA  Y'S  FREE  TRIAL . 

'TIRES,  coaster  brake  rear  wheels,  lamps, 

j  sundries,  parts  and  repairs  for  all  makes  of  bicycles  at 
•half  usual  prices.  DO  NOT  BUY  until  you  get  our 
catalogues  and  offer.  IVritc  now. 

MEAD  CYCLE  CO.  Dept.  WBO  CHICAGO 


NO  TIME  TO  LOSE 

There  are  Flowers  and 
Many  Kinds  of  Plants 
That  You  Must  Attend  to 

IN  THE  SPRING 


NOW  IS  THE  SEASON 

To  learn  all  about  the  Special  Value  of 


We  are  very  enthusiastic  about  having 
you  know  how  our  seeds  have  been  care¬ 
fully  cultured  to  germinate  and  mature  in¬ 
to  plants  that  show  a  real  pedigree  source. 

We  would  like  to  make  a  catalog  of  this 
advertisement,  but  the  space  does  not  per¬ 
mit.  So  we  invite  you  to  write  us  all  about 
your  garden  needs.  We  will  cordially 
respond,  and  send  you  onr  new  144  page 
illustrated  catalog  free.  We  are  introduc¬ 
ing  some  seasonable  seed  "novelties  at  a 
special  packet  price.  Eschsciioltzia 
Thokbttrni  (California  Poppy)  the  grand¬ 
est  of  all  Eschscholtzias.  We  will  mail  a 
packet  of  this  valuable  novelty  and  a  copy 
of  our  beautiful  catalogue— the  Best  Seed 
Annual  published  in  America—  for  only  10 
cents,  stamps  or  coin.  (Regular  price  of 
seed  15  cents  packet.)  WRITE  TODAY. 

J.M.THORBURN  &  CO. 

Dept.  Y 

33  Barclay  Street,  New  York. 


1  £  DHCrC  Guaranteed  tf  1 
lOnUijLj  to  Bloom  $1 

We  want  to  prove  to  you  that  here  are 
“the  Best  Roses  in  America,”  sold  on 
their  own  roots,  direct  from  America’s 
foremost  propagators.  Different  spe¬ 
cies,  in  a  variety  of  beautiful  colors — a 
very  riot  of  gorgeous  loveliness.  Sent 
postpaid  011  receipt  of  price.  1911  Floral 
Guide  FREE. 

TIIE  CON  Alt  19  A-  JONES  CO. 
Rose  Specialists — 50  years’  experience 

Box  4-D,  .  West  drove,  l*a. 


RAPEVINE 


Large  stock.  Best  varieties.  Best  Grade. 
Guaranteed  true. 

SPECIAL  OFFER. 

We  will  send,  postpaid,  10  strong,  hardy,  two- 
year-old  GRAPEVINES  —  best  varieties,  red, 
wliite  and  black  —  for  $1.00.  Just  tiie  kind 
for  planting  around  the  house,  along  fences,  or 
in  the  garden.  We  also  offer  Five  Three-Year- 
Old  Vines  For  SI.OO.  Will  bear  year  after 
^ planting.  Our  valuable  hook,  how  to  plant 
.  and  prune,  free  with  every  order.  Mention 
,tliis  paper  and  we’ll  add  free  one  new, 
large,  red  currant. 

_T.  S.  HUBBARD  COMPANY 

Grapevine  Specialists 

JI50  Central  Are.,  FreduoU,H.T. 

““  Established  41  year*. 


_  GRAPEVINES 

69  Varieties.  Also  Small  Fruits,  Trees,  ete.  Best  Root¬ 
ed  Stock,  Geuuiue,  cheap,  2  sample  vines  mailed  for  10c.  Dose, 
price-list  free.  I.klt  IS  KOESCH  A  SON.  lior  K.  KrrdonU,  S.  V. 


1,000,000 

STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 

Excelsior  and  Tennessee,  only  $1,50  per  1,000; 
Warfield  and  Cardinal,  only  $1.75  per  1,000; 
Sample,  Stevens  and  Gandy,  only  $1.98  per  1,000. 
Glen  Mary  and  ‘40  other  varieties  also  cheap.  20- 
page  Illustrated  Catalogue  sent  free  to  anyone. 
Address: 

S.  A.  Y1RDIX  .  .  .  Hartly,  Del. 


- - - - UnillBOU  vnuvt 

Black-Eyed  Peas,  $3.00  bushel. 


JOSEPH  E.  HOLLAND  .  .  Milford,  Del. 

STRAWBERRY  PUNTS-Sef”,Sr  mlffi 

Red  Raspberry,  only  $5.00  per  1,000.  Asparagus  of 
a  very  fine  strain.  SLAYMAKER  &  SON,  Wyoming,  Del 


When  you  write"  advertisers 'mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
‘‘a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page 


Judge  the  merits  of  Sea  Green  or 
Purple  Roofing  Slate  by  any  test  of  service 
you  please — it’s  the  host  roofing  obtainable. 

Compare  its  imperishable  qualities, 
strength,  handsome  appearance  or  all  ’round 
satisfaction  with  any  other  material  you 
can  think  of — and  you’ll  agree  that  it  would 
still  be  the  cheapest  roofing  you  could  buy 
even  if  the  first  cost  was  many  times 
greater  than  what  it  Is. 

For,  while  a  well  laid  roof  of 

Sea  Green  or  Purple 

Roofing  Slate 

will  cost  a  trifle  more  in  the  beginning  than 
shingles,  iron  or  felt.  It  will  save  you  more  in 
money,  repairs  and  anxiety  from  the  day  it  is  laid. 

Besides  this— a  Sea  Green  or  Purple  Slate  Roof 
enhances  the  value  of  any  building.  It  cannot 
crack,  warp,  blister  or  leak;  is  spark  proof,  water 
tight;  cannot  decay,  rust,  retain  snow,  ice  or  im¬ 
purities  that  contaminate  cistern  water;  it  is  un¬ 
effected  by  climatic  changes  and  is  as  enduring 
as  solid  rock. 

If  you  want  the  best  roof  that  any  amount  of 
money  can  buy— tell  your  roofer  to  use  Sea  Green 
or  Purple  Slate. 

“Roofs”  the  Booklet,  Mailed  Free 

Tell  us  the  name  of  your  nearest  Roofer  and  our  16-pacre 
Booklet  "ROOFS.”  giving  many  valuable  and  helpful  hints 
on  the  selection  of  roofing  materials,  will  be  roaiicd  FREE. 

The  American  Sea  Green  Slate  Co • 

( Roof  a  That  Never  Wear  Out) 


fjjREKA  Planters 


Plant  corn, beans, 
peas,  beets,  etc., 
and  drop  in  hills 
or  drills  any 
quantity,  dis¬ 
tance  apart  or 
depth  desired 
Three  styles  for 
one  or  two  rows. 
Plant;  Uniform 
depth,  cover  properly  and  mark  for  next  row.  Absolutely 
no  skips.  Distribute  fertilizer  up  to  80Qlbs.  per  acre.  Solti 
In  large  quantities  for  18  years.  Prompt  shipment  from 
branch  bouse  near  you.  Ask  for  FREE  catalog. 

U  EUREKA  CULTIVATOR  AND 
\  SEEDER 

\  /vVl  M.do  In  3  sizes, 

\  8,10  sad  12  H. 


Weeds  and 
cultivates. 

Sows  and  cov¬ 
ers  grass  seed, 

alfalfa,  oats,  etc.  Renews  old  meadows. 

Price  is  low  and  will  pay  you  large  profits. 

EUREKA  MOWER  CO.,  BOX  864,  UTICA,  N.Y. 


Noll’s  Tested  Seeds 

EACH  YEAR  OUR  BUSINESS  GROWS— SO  DO  OUR  SEEDS. 

A  TRIAL  MAKES  YOU  A  PERMANENT  CUSTOMER. 

SPECIAL  OFFER-PRIZE  COLLECTION 

NOIL'S  Early  Short  Top  Forcing  CARROT,  NOLL  S 
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postage  and  packing  and  receive  SEEDS  POSTPAID, 
together  with  beautiful  112-page  GARDEN  to  id  FLOWER 
BOOK  (250  illustrations)  Fr  e 

J  F.  NOLL,  186  MULBERRY  STREET,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 


Potatoes — liovce,  Carman,  Cobbler,  King,  Longfellow,  Queen, 
Murphy,Ktwo?6-W’ka’  Wonder.  85  kinds  C.W. Ford, Fishers^’. Y. 


Sweet  Potato  Plants 


list  free. 


prices  on  5000  lots, 
W,  S.  FORD  &  SON,  Hartly.  Del. 


SALESMEN  WANTED  ^/WJIS8 

Free  outfit.  Commission  paid  weekly.  Write  for 
terms.  PERRY  NURSERIES, Rochester,  New  York 

Surplus  Berry  Plants  50,000  Cuthliert,  25,000 

Snyder;  2,000,000  Strawberry  Plants;  500  bushels 
Hastings  Potatoes; ■Currants,  Gooseberries, Grapes, 
Asparagus,  Rhubarb,  Roses,  Vegetable  Plants,  etc. 
Send  for  free  catalogue  and  Surplus  List. 

L.  J.  FARMER,  Box  20,  Pvi.aski,  N.  Y. 


NEW  ENGLAND  CORN  GROWERS  l 

The  Coe-Mortimer  Grand  Prize  of  $500 

FOR  THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  ACRE  OF 
FIELD  CORN  IS  OPEN  TO  ALL  OF  YOU 

It  makes  no  difference  whose  fertilizer  you  use,  or  how  much  per  acre. 

The  Plan  of  Competition  is  given  in  The  Rural  New-Yorker  for  March  4th.  Read  it  and  get 
ready  to  compete.  The  Details  of  the  Competition  will  be  managed  by  The  Massachusetts  Corn  Show 
of  which  Prof.  Wm.  D.  Hurd,  Amherst,  Mass.,  is  secretary. 

Copy  of  plan  and  onr  handsome  Memorandum  Booklet  sent  free  on  request.  (Competition  will 
close  on  or  before  November  1st,  1911.) 

THE  COE-MORTIMER  COMPANY 


Sole  Manufacturers  of  the  Celebrated 

E.  FRANK  COE  FERTILIZERS 
&  PERUVIAN  BRANDS 


24-26  Stone  Street 

New  York  City 


1911. 


<THED  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


483 


SLAKING  A  CARLOAD  OF  LIME. 

IF.  H.  P.,  Mumford ,  N.  1'. — What  is  the 
most  practical  way  to  .slake  a  carload  of 
quicklime?  I  wish  to  put  it  on  at  the  rate 
of  1,000  to  1,500  pounds  per  acre.  How 
can  it  be  distributed  evenly?  If  put  on 
with  a  drill  it  will  have  to  be  screened. 

It  is  not  an  easy  matter  success¬ 
fully  to  slake  quicklime  for  use  on  the 
land,  and  be  sure  of  having  it  applied 
in.  just  the  condition  one  wants  it.  We 
have  tried  depositing  a  carload  of  quick¬ 
lime  in  a  temporary  shed,  and  adding  to 
it  enough  water  to  hydrate  or  water- 
slake  it.  Most  of  the  lime  crumbled  sat¬ 
isfactorily,  swelling  up,  of  course,  and 
this  bulged  the  side  walls  of  the  shed. 
But  the  worst  difficulty  was  in  spread¬ 
ing  it.  It  would  be  a  big  undertaking 
to  screen  a  carload  of  water-slaked 
lime,  so  that  it  could  be  successfully 
handled  in  a  lime  spreader,  or  even  a 
fertilizer  drill.  Our  men  tried  to  spread 
it  from  wagons,  but  the  fine  •  powdered 
lime  which  they  inhaled,  and  which  clung 
to  their  necks,  faces  a»’  *  hands,  made 
the  job  almost  unbearable.  Hydrated 
lime  is  quite  caustic  in  contact  with  the 
human  skin,  and  the  successful  way  to 
handle  it  on  the  land  must  be  without 
getting  the  man  who  handles  it  into  thfl 
dust  that  it  makes. 

We  have  not  tried  spreading  lime  with 
a  manure  spreader,  although  I  would 
expect  that  it  could  be  successfully 
handled  in  that  way  under  some  circum¬ 
stances.  The  manure  spreader  would 
have  to  have  a  layer  of  straw  or  other 
litter  in  the  bottom  on  which  to  place  a 
few  inches  of  the  lime  for  spreading.  By 
weighing  the  amount  of  lime  put  into 
the  spreader  and  adjusting  the  spreader 
to  a  certain  number  of  loads  per  acre, 
one  could  apply  the  amount  of  lime  re¬ 
quired. 

It  should  be  remembered  that  in  hy¬ 
drating  lime  takes  up  18  pounds  of  water 
for  every  56  pounds  of  quicklime.  This 
is  approximately  one-third  of  the  weight 
of  quicklime  added  to  it  in  water.  The 
most  practical  way  we  have  found  to 
handle  quicklime  and  get  it  distributed 
in  finely  divided  form  on  the  land  de¬ 
pends  somewhat  upon  weather  conditions. 
One  should  attempt  to  put  the  lime  on 
the  land  when  there  seems  to  be  a  pros¬ 
pect  of  at  least  three  days  of  weather 
without  rain.  To  put  on  1,000  pounds 
per  acre,  the  quicklime  may  be  placed  in 
the  field  in  piles  averaging  25  pounds 
each,  and  two  rods  apart  each  way.  .This 
will  make  40  piles  to  the  acre.  It  will 
take  good  judgment  in  driving  and  in 
shoveling  out  the  lime  to  do  this.  The 
moisture  of  the  air  will  gain  access  to 
the  lime  placed  in  small  piles  quite 
readily,  and  as  a  result  it  will  slake  and 
crumble  in  a  very  few  days,  depending, 
of  course,  upon  the  dryness  of  the  air. 
I  have  seen  it  slake  quite  thoroughly  in 
five  days  of  very  dry  weather.  One 
should  watch  the  sky  and  plan  to  have 
the  piles  spread,  even  though  not  com¬ 
pletely  slaked,  before  a  shower  comes 
on.  Usually  there  is  at  least  a  light 
breeze  blowing.  The  man  who  spreads 
the  lime  should  use  a  long-handled 
shovel,  and  keep  on  the  windward  side 
of  the  lime  he  is  spreading.  With  the 
piles  two  rods  apart  it  is  a  comparatively 
easy  matter  to  spread  each  pile  over  an 
area  one  rod  in  each  direction  from  the 
pile.  Should  the  lime  be  soaked  by  rain 
before  it  is  spread  it  is  likely  to  become 
pasty  and  difficult  to  spread.  A  light 
shower  on  the  lime  piles  is  not  likely 
to  spoil  them  for  good,  spreading.  To 
spread  1,500  pounds  per  acre  one  should 
increase  the  size  of  the  piles  a  little,  so 
that  there  will  be  from  35  to  40  pounds 
in  a  pile.  I  know  of  no  more  practical 
way  to  apply  fresh  burned  lime  to  the 
land  than  this.  There  are  a  few  lime 
manufacturers  who  grind  up  their  quick¬ 
lime  so  that  it  may  be  spread  with  a 
distributer.  The  grinding  of  the  lime, 
of  course,  increases  the  price  per  ton 
one  must  pay  for  it.  edw.  r.  minns. 

One  of  the  best  ways  to  slake  lump 
quicklime,  wanted  for  immediate  use  on 


the  land,  is  to.. place  it  in  a  large  pile 
handy  to  a  water  supply,  and  to  water- 
slake  it.  The  pile  should  be  built  up 
four  to  five  feet  high,  and  a  hole  left  in 
the  middle  of  the  top.  Pour  water  into 
this  hole  so  that  it  will  settle  well  down 
into  the  pile.  This  will  develop  a  heavy 
steam  that  will  penetrate  the  pile.  Care 
should  be  taken  not  to  add  too  much 
water,  or  it  will  make  a  paste.  It  is 
better  to  add  water  a  second  time  when 
necessary.  If  the  steam  does  not  reach 
the  edges  of  the  pile  the  lumps  there  can 
be  slaked  by  sprinkling  with  water  by 
means  of  a  water  can.  If  the  lime  can 
be  placed  on  the  soil  several  weeks  be¬ 
fore  it  is  needed  it  may  be  slaked  in 
small  piles  where  it  is  to  be  spread.  The 
lumps  should  be  placed  in  piles  of  a 
bushel  or  two,  so  distributed  over  the 
field  as  to  give  the  quantities  per  acre 
that  are  wanted,  and  then  the  piles  be 
covered  with  soil  to  shed  off  rain.  By 
opening  into  a  pile  every  few  days  it  will 
be  possible  to  tell  when  the  lumps  have 
crumbled.  If  the  piles  are  left  uncov¬ 
ered,  and  heavy  rain  occurs,  it  is  likely 
to  make  a  pasty  mass  that  will  not 
spread.  •  chas.  s.  phei.ps. 

Connecticut. 


The  teacher  was  giving  the  juvenile 
class  a  lesson  in  punctuation.  “What  is 
that?’’  she  asked  of  a  small  pupil,  point¬ 
ing  to  a  period.  “That,”  answered  the 
little  one,  “is  the  lid  off  an  ‘i.’  ’’—Credit 
Lost. 

Little  Ben’s  father  caught  a  bat  in  the 
barn  and  brought  it  in  to  show  to  his 
small  son,  asking  him  what  he  thought 
it  was.  “Oh,  papa !  said  little  Ben ;  “it’s 
an  angel  mouse  !” — Melbourne  Leader. 

Blobbs  :  “The  widow  always  gets  her 
third,  doesn’t  she?”  Slobbs :  “I  believe 
she  has  to  get  her  second  first.” — Phila¬ 
delphia  Record. 

“They  call  the  big  liners  ocean  grey¬ 
hounds.  I  wonder  what  they’ll  name  the 
aeroplanes?”  “Skye  terriers,  probably.” 
—Judge. 


YOU  CAN  BE 
WELL  DRESSED 

At  Small  Cost  if  You  Wear 
Woodhull,  Goodale  &  Bull 
Clothes. 

Every  Woodhull,  Goodale  &  Bull 
garment  is  absolutely  guaranteed  to 
give  perfect  satisfaction.  Your  dealer 
will  give  you  a  new  one  if  it  doesn’t. 

No  other  clothing  sold  at  any  price 
has  as  strong  a  guarantee. 

If  you  want  to  know  how  well  a  coat 
can  fit  about  the  collar  and  shoulders, 
if  you  want  to  see  the  newest  ideas  in 
fabric  and  style  ask  your  dealer  to 
show  you  Woodhull,  Goodale  &  Bull 
Clothes. 

Our  new  book  shows  the  latest 
styles,  gives  a  few  hints  on  being  well 
dressed  and  tells  why  Woodhull,  Good- 
ale  &  Bull  Clothes  are  a  good  invest¬ 
ment. 

Send  for  it 
before  you  buy 
that  suit  or 
overcoat.  It’s 
FREE. 


Woodhull, 
Goodale 
&  Bull 

200  West  Willow 
Street 

SYRACUSE, 


N.  Y. 


CLOTHCRAFT 

Clothes  that  Assure  Women’s  Approval 


EVERY  man,  whether  he  knows  it  or 
not,  is  to  some  extent  affected  by 
woman’s  quick  judgment  of  the 
fabr’c,  fit  and  fashion  of  his  clothes. 

Thufc’s  a  good  reason  why  you  should  investigate 
Clothcraft  Clothes.  At  $10  to  $25  they  give  you 
tasteful  all-wool  fabrics,  thoroughly  shrunk;  correct 
style;  a  fit  that’s  really  remarkable — and  they  save 
you  from  $5  to  $10  a  suit.  To  illustrate: 

A  man  whose  wife  was  critical  of  his  clothes  an¬ 
nounced  to  her  that  he  was  going  to  try  a  Clothcraft 
suit.  She  demurred.  His  high-priced  custom  clothes 
were  often  unsatisfactory,  so  what  chance  was  there 
for  Clothcraft?  Nevertheless  he  bought  a  Clothcraft 
suit  and  wore  it  home.  His  wife  at  one  quick  glance 
noticed  the  tasteful  all-wool  cloth,  the  close-fitting 
collar,  the  full,  smooth  coat-front,  the  heel-hugging 
trousers.  Then  came  her  verdict:  “That’s  the  best¬ 
looking  suit  you  ever  had  on  !” 

Before  you  obligate  yourself  to  buy  Clothcraft  you 
can  test  the  fit  and  see  the  fashion  and  fabric.  F or  the 
hidden  quality  you  have  the  protection  of  the  definite 
Clothcraft  guaranty,  backed  by  dealer  and  maker — 
absolutely  all-woof  fabric,  first-class  trimmings  and 
workmanship,  non-breakable  coat-front,  lasting  ser¬ 
vice  and  satisfaction. 

Go  to  the  nearest  Clothcraft  store,  or  write  to  us 
direct.  We’ll  gladly  send  you  the  Clothcraft  style- 


folder  for  spring,  and  a  booklet  picturing  the  clean, 
light  shop  where  Clothcraft  Clothes  are  madc,f to¬ 
gether  with  the  name  of  the  nearest  Clothcraft  dealer. 

THE  JOSEPH  &  FEISS  CO. 

Founded  1850 — Oldest  American 
Manufacturers  of  Men's  Clothes 

635  St.  Clair  Ave.,  N.  W.  Cleveland 


CIDER  PRESSES 

THE  ORIGINAL  MX.  GILEAD  IIY.„ 

DKAUHC  PRESS  produces  more  cider' 
from  less  apples  than  any  other  and  is  a 
BIG  MONEY  MAKER 

Sizes  10  to  400  barrels  daily,  hand 
or  power.  Presses  for  all  pur¬ 
poses,  also  cider  evaporators, 
apple-butter  cookers,  vine- 

f:ar  generators,  etc.  Cata- 
og  f reej  We  are  manufac¬ 
turers,  not  jobbers. 

HYDRAULIC  PRESS  MFG.  CO.,. 

(Oldest  and  largest  manufacturers  of  cider 
presses  in  the  world.) 

137  Lincoln  Avenue,  Mount  Gilead,  Ohio 

Or  Room  119  £,  39  Cortlandt  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


A  BUILT-RIGHT  BINDER 

The  JOHNSTON  “Continental”  is  recognized  the  world 
over  as  the  most  perfect  Binder  made — has  greater 
strength  and  more  elevator  capacity  than  others,  and  will 
give  longer  dependable  service. 
Light,  easily  operated,  simply  constructed; 
has  many  superior  features— built  right. 


JOHNSTON 

FARM  MACHINERY 

Our  Reapers,  R&bes,  Mowers,  Tedders,  Hay  Loaders,  Corn  Binders,  Manure 
Spreaders,  Harrows,  etc.,  represent  the  most  modern  development  along  practical  lines. 
Write  to-day  for  new  1911  catalog — it  gives  facts  about  the  world’s  best  farm  machines. 

THE  JOHNSTON  HARVESTER  CO.  Box.  100B  BATAVIA,  N.  Y. 


Health  and  peace  join 

hands  to  bring  happiness 
to  all  while  prosperity  shines  brightly  ’round 
the  farm  fenced  with 


“Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Fence 

In  quality  of  material,  method  of  construdtion,  durability 
with  real  service,  as  well  as  in  distinctive  appearance, 
“Pittsburgh  Perfedt ”  Fence  stands  pre-eminently  first. 

Electrically  Welded 

at  the  joints,  these  are  the  fence’s  strongest  parts.  “  One 
solid  piece  of  metal  ”  aptly  phrases  it.  Through  the  hard¬ 
est  usage,  “  Pittsburgh  Perfedt  ”  Fence  stands  erect,  even 
and  firm. 

Open  Hearth  Wire,  made  from  our  own  formula  and  perfectly  galvan¬ 
ized  with  pure  zinc  (the  only  galvanizing  metal  absolutely  rust  proof), 
is  the  strongest,  toughest  and  most  lasting  fence  wire  possible  to  manu¬ 
facture,  and  is  used  exclusively  in  “  PITTSBURGH  PERFECT”  Fence 

For  Field,  Farm,  Ranch,  Lawn,  Poultry  Purposes 

“Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Fence  perfectly  meets  the  most  exacting  re¬ 
quirements.  Write  for  catalogue,  or  look  up  the  best  dealer  in  your 
town — he  handles  “Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Fence  exclusively. 

Pittsburgh  Steel  Company,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Manufacturers  of  “ Pittsburgh  Perfect  ”  Brands  of  Barbed  Wire;  LOOK  FOR 
Bright,  Annealed  and  Galvanized  Fence  Staples,  Standard  Wire  Nails  trademark 
and  “Pittsburgh  Perfect  ”  Electrically  Welded  Fence 


434 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


April  1, 


SUMMER  PRUNING  APPLES  IN  OHIO. 

J.  H.  II.,  Mingo  Junction,  0. — Would  it 
be  wise  here  in  Ohio  to  practice  the  same 
methods  in  pruning  on  apples  that  I  saw  in 
the  West  and  Northwest?  Last  Fall,  while 
on  a  tour  of  most  of  the  western  fruit  belts, 
1  noticed  they  nearly  all  Summer-pruned 
their  apple  trees  as  we  do  our  peach  trees 
in  the  Spring,  by  clipping  off  about  one- 
third  of  new  growth.  It  was  done  in  July 
in  Colorado  and  farther  north,  as  in  the 
Kootenay  country  around  Nelson  and  Cres- 
ton,  B.  C.,  it  had  been  done  a  little  later. 
The  largest  and  finest-looking  apples  I  saw 
anywhere  were  in  the  Kootenay  region,  but 
as  the  Yellow  Transparent  was  the  only 
one  ripe  I  could  not  judge  the  quality. 
They  certainly  had  the  fruit,  and  on  trees 
only  three  and  four  years  set.  Fruit  of 
the  same  varieties  ripens  later  all  over  the 
West  than  in  Ohio,  but  invariably  began 
bearing  younger.  I  have  Baldwin  and  Spy 
here  17  years  planted,  25  feet  high,  30  foot 
spread,  that  have  practically  borne  nothing. 
I  get  too  much  wood  and  not  enough  fruit, 
and  wish  to  reverse  it.  I  now  have  my 
orchard  in  sod  mulch. 

Ans. — Summer  pruning  or  “pinching” 
of  apple  trees  is  not  considered  prac¬ 
tical,  among  our  leading  Ohio  orchard- 
ists,  therefore  very  seldom  practiced. 
Where  an  orchard  owner  can  devote  his 
entire  time  to  a  comparatively  small  area 
and  especially  desires  early  fruitage  of 
his  trees,  it  is  possible  that  the  time  of 
fruit  bearing  may  be  hastened  somewhat, 
though  the  results  are  not  always  just 
as  satisfactory  as  could  be  desired.  I 
understand  that  this  is,  in  a  measure, 
true  of  some  of  the  sections  in  which 
the  practice  of  Summer  pinching  is  fol¬ 
lowed,  though  I  shall  not  attempt  to 
discuss  that  question.  There  are  proba¬ 
bilities  that  Summer  pruning,  under  con¬ 
ditions  existing  in  Ohio,  will  introduce 
certain  troubles  which  might  overbal¬ 
ance  all  anticipated  advantages.  Where 
the  bacterial  disease  of  twig  blight  or 
“fire-blight”  exists — and  it  is  very  prev¬ 
alent  in  various  sections  of  Ohio — I 
should  certainly  hesitate  to  do  any 
clipping  of  growing  shoots,  as  the  small 
wounds  left  by  so  doing  afford  most 
inviting  points  for  infection.  The  time 
at  which  this  disease  appears  and  the 
length  of  the  period  during  which  it  is 
active  depend  largely  on  the  weather 
conditions.  Past  experience  has  caused 
me  to  hesitate  even  to  follow  the  usual¬ 
ly  advised  plan  of  clipping  off  the  dis¬ 
eased  twigs  as  fast  as  the  blight  ap¬ 
pears;  for,  with  movement  of  insect 
life,  new  inoculation  is  so  often  effected 
at  the  point  at  which  the  branch  is 
cut,  even  though  one  take  the  precaution 
of  sterilizing  the  tool  with  which  the 
pruning  is  done,  that  the  remedy  applied 
often  only  aggravates  the  trouble.  Twig 
blight  often  extends  for  several  weeks  of 
the  growing  season,  if  the  weather  be 
rainy  or  the  atmosphere  humid,  and 
Summer  pruning  certainly  is  an  alluring 
invitation  to  twig  blight.  Again,  if  the 
new  shoots  be  cut  back  too  soon  in  the 
season  and  a  rainy  period  of  weather 
follow  later  on,  the  chances  are  that  the 
new  buds,  instead  of  developing  into 
fruit  buds,  will  push  out  a  second 
growth  of  wood  which  cannot  properly 
mature  before  the  Winter  season  and 
will  be  injured  or  killed  by  the  cold. 
In  this  case  the  desired  effects  of  the 
Summer  pruning  are  not  only  lost,  but 
the  result  is  the  wood  growth  is 
left  in  a  much  less  desirable  condition 
than  had  no  cutting  or  pinching  been 
done.  Therefore  the  character  of  the 
season  in  which  Summer  pruning  would 
be  done  has  much  to  do  with  the  re¬ 
sults,  and  no  one  has  the  means  of 
knowing,  far  in  advance,  what  an  Ohio 
season  will  bring  forth  in  the  way  of 
weather  conditions.  The  subject  of 
pruning  is  an  extensive  one,  and  it  would 
be  useless  to  attempt  to  fully  discuss 
any  single  phase  of  it  within  the  scope 
of  a  short  article. 

The  correspondent  states  that  he  has 
Baldwin  and  Northern  Spy  trees  only 
17  years  old,  measuring  25  feet  in  height 
and  with  30  feet  spread  of  branches. 
This  is  ample  proof  that  the  trees  are 
growing  on  land  rich  in  nitrogenous 
matter.  Such  soil  will  almost  invariably 
force  a  rank  growth  of  wood  with  little 
tendency  to  form  fruit  buds.  Moreover, 
the  varieties,  Baldwin  and  Northern 
Spy,  are  quite  tardy  in  coming  into 
hearing  under  the  conditions  named. 
However,  when  trees  do  begin  to  bear 
under  such  conditions  they  are  usually 
abundantly  fruitful.  These  varieties 
planted  on  soil  containing  plenty  of 
phosphorus  and  potassium  with  only 
enough  nitrogenous  matter  to  insure  a 
moderate  rate  of  growth  will  come  into 
bearing  much  sooner  than  on  rich  soil. 
Such  varieties  as  Yellow  Transparent, 
Wealthy,  Jonathan,  Rome  Beauty  and 
Wagener,  on  land  of  moderate  fertility, 
will  come  into  bearing  much  sooner  than 
Baldwin  and  Spy;  indeed  as  soon  as  the 
trees  are  large  enough  to  be  allowed  to 
bear  fruit.  On  the  thin,  steep  slopes  of 


our  southern  Ohio  hills,  apple  trees  be¬ 
gin  to  bear  very  early — in  some  cases 
before  they  should — and  the  trees,  as  a 
rule,  on  this  character  of  soil,  will  not 
be  long  lived.  They  will  have  passed 
their  prime  under  the  age  of  25  years, 
and  will  have  to  be  replaced.  This  is 
only  true  of  trees  on  the  light,  thin 
soil  to  which  I  especially  allude.  Such 
trees  need  very  little  pruning  except  to 
keep  those  branches  cut  out  which  tend 
to  close  up  the  center  of  the  tree — there 
is  little  wood  to  spare  either  for  Winter 
or  Summer  heading  in. 

J.  H.  H.  might  well  experiment  in  a 
small  way  with  root  pruning,  either  by 
plowing  very  deeply  to  cut  some  of  the 
roots,  or  by  encircling  a  tree  or  two 
with  a  trench,  cutting  the  roots  with  the 
space  as  they  are  found.  This  trench 
should  be  cut  about  as  far  as  the  ends 
of  the  branches  extend.  I  know  of  an 
orchard  in  southern  Ohio,  on  rich  soil 
along  the  Ohio  River,  which  made  so 
rank  a  growth  for  several  years  that  no 
fruit  buds  formed.  The  owner  deeply 
plowed  the  orchard,  cutting  many  roots 
of  considerable  size.  The  result  was 
that  his  trees,  checked  temporarily  in 
their  wood  growth,  formed  a  heavy  crop 
of  fruit  buds  and  bore  prolifically 
thereafter.  After  a  tree  once  begins  to 
produce  fruit  freely  the  drain  on  the 
tree  incident  to  fruit  bearing  at  once 
restricts  wood  growth  and  the  tree  is 
likely  to  remain  productive  thereafter. 
If  the  orchardist  had  the  matter  of 
moisture  under  his  control  and  were 
reasonably  certain  of  weather  conditions, 
as  are  the  residents  of  the  districts 
where  irrigation  is  necessary,  he  could 
with  more  safety  avail  himself  of  Sum¬ 
mer  pruning ;  but,  with  conditions  as 
they  are  in  Ohio,  he  runs  a  risk  and  has 
little  encouragement  in  practicing  Sum¬ 
mer  restriction  of  his  growing  trees. 
This  is  not  saying  that  Ohio  is  at  a 
disadvantage  in  comparison  with  some 
of  the  Western  States.  We  have  ad¬ 
vantages  in  other  respects  not  enjoyed 
by  the  far  Western  States. 

F.  H.  BALLOU. 


Lime  After  Potatoes. 

I  have  a  piece  of  land  that  I  wish  to 
seed  to  Alfalfa.  1  put  20  bushels  of  stone 
lime  to  the  acre  last  Spring,  slaked  with 
water,  put  it  on  floury.  We  are  now 
husking  the  corn  off  it.  I.  intend  to  plant 
it  in  potatoes  in  the  Spring,  then  to  Al¬ 
falfa  in  the  Fall.  1  intend  to  give  it  20 
bushels  of  lime  again.  Should  I  lime  it 
before  I  plant  potatoes  or  lime  before  I  sow 
Alfalfa?  f.  T. 

Pennsgrove,  N.  J. 

Your  plan  is  good  except  for  using  lime 
Just  ahead  of  potatoes.  Never  do  that.  The 
lime  will  increase  the  scab  and  about  spoil 
the  crop.  Dig  the  potatoes  and  then  use 
the  lime  and  sow  Alfalfa. 


Trap  Nests  for  the  Flea  Beetles. 

.1  would  like  to  ask  L.  A.  F.,  page  330, 
if  he  has  made  any  trap  nests  for  the  flea- 
beetle.  A  few  years  ago  the  garden 
huckleberry  was  distributed  and  we  found 
the  flea-beetles  ravenously  fond  of  it. 
Planted  near  tomatoes  and  potatoes  the 
damage  was  much  less  than  usual,  while  the 
“huckleberries”  were  so  covered  the  fruit 
could  not  mature.  It  seemed  as  if  every 
beetle  in  the  neighborhood  had  located 
them.  If  this  idea  of  using  the  otherwise 
useless  “huckleberry”  as  a  trap  is  prac¬ 
tical,  could  they  not  be  destroyed  while 
feeding  by  cutting  down  the  plants  and 
placing  in  water  and  kerosene? 

Maine.  F.  c.  curtis. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  Wonderbcrry  would  be  a 
wonder  for  such  a  trap-nest.  Tt  is  a  spe¬ 
cial  pasture  for  the  beetles.  Who  can  tell 
us  about  such  trap-nesting? 


“KODAK” 

Is  our  Registered  and  com¬ 
mon-law  Trade-Mark  and 
cannot  be  rightfully  applied 
except  to  goods  of  our 
manufacture. 

If  a  dealer  tries  to  sell 
you  a  camera  or  films,  or 
other  goods  not  of  our 
manufacture,  under  the 
Kodak  name,  you  can  be 
sure  that  he  has  an  inferior 
article  that  he  is  trying 
to  market  on  the  Kodak 
reputation. 

If  it  isn  ’t  an  Eastman, 
it  isn ’t  a  Kodak. 


EASTMAN  KODAK  CO., 


Write  for  Kodak  387  State  Street, 

catalog— or  ask  a 
Kodak  dealer . 


ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 


The  owner  of  any  building  covered 
with  Congo  Roofing  is  not  only  satis¬ 
fied  with  his  purchase,  but  has  the 
satisfaction  of  knowing  that  it  is  guar¬ 
anteed  for  10  years. 

That’s  real  protection. 

Every  roof  of  2  ply 
and  3  ply  Congo  is 
guaranteed  in  this  way. 

In  every  roll  of  Con¬ 
go  is  a  genuine  legally 
binding  Surety  Bond 
issued  by  the  National 
Surety  Company  of 
New  York. 

This  year  we  will 
guarantee  thousands  of 
roofs  all  over  the  coun¬ 
try  to  last  till  1921  on 
this  basis.  Fac-simile  of 

Of  course  we  are  not  going  to  lose 
— we  are  offering  a  sure  thing,  as 
Congo  will  last  more  than  10  years. 

One  thing  the  guarantee  forces 
upon  us ;  it  makes  us  extremely  care¬ 
ful  in  manufacturing. 

We  make  doubly  sure  that  every 
roll  is  perfect.  We  use  the  best 
material  that  money  can  buy. 


Another  detail  is  the  nailing.  To 
avoid  any  trouble  from  this  source,  we 
provide  free  of  charge,  galvanized  iron 
caps  which  are  rust  proof,  and  will  last 
as  long  as  the  roofing. 

In  every  way  we  protect  ourselves 
against  the  possibility 
a  complaint. 

Send  for  a  copy  of 
our  Guarantee  Bond, 
and  a  Sample  of  Congo 
Roofing.  The  guar¬ 
antee  will  show  you 
what  a  real  legal  roof¬ 
ing  guarantee  looks 
like.  The  sample  and 
the  booklet  which  we 
enclose  with  it  will  tell 
you  more  about  Congo 
10  Year  Bond  Roofing. 

CONGOLEUM 

We  should  like  to  send  every  reader  of  this 
paper  a  sample  of  Congoicum.  It  is  fitted  for 
floors  and  wainscoting  in  homes,  stores, 
offices,  etc.  It  is  a  perfect  imitation  of  oak. 
Its  surface  has  a  high  polish.  Unusually 
durable.  The  price  is  very  low.  Write 
for  samples. 

UNITED  ROOFING  6  MFG.  CO. 

Philadelphia.  Chicago  Kansas  City  San  Francisco 


Guaranteed 

cMg.tJBUCCALWgvffaa— imm— h— ■ — 1—3 


Until  1921 


‘TtlaHin 

REPEATING  RIFLE 

You  can  buy  no  better  gun 
for  target  work  and  all 
small  game  up  to 
200  yards. 


Model 

20  _  _ 

Without 
change  of 
mechanism  it 
handles  .22  short, 
long  or  long-rifle  cartridges 
perfectly.  The  deep  Ballard 
rifling  develops  maximum  power  and 
accuracy  and  adds  years  to  the  life  of  rifles. 

J  lie  solid  top  is  protection  from  defective  cartridges — prevents  powder  and 
aases  from  being  blown  back..  The  side  ejection  never  lets  ejected  shells 
spoil  your  bead  and  allows  quick,  accurate  repeat  shots.  With  simple  take¬ 
down  construction,  removable  action  parts, — least  parts  of  any  .22 — it  is  the 
quickest  and  easiest  to  clean.  A  great  vacation  rifle.  Ask  any  gun  dealer, 

7%e  772ar/m /Zrearms  Co. 

157  Willow  Street  New  Haven,  Conn. 


The  136pcgre  7/fe//Y/si  catalog 
will  help  you  decide  what  rifle 
best  suits  your  individual  desires. 
Send  3  stamps  for  it  today. 


,  ** 


THE 

FRIEND' 
SPRAY’ 
NOZZLES 


Throw  a  fine  spray  20 
25  teet  from  tho 
Power  Sprayer. 

Absolutely  No  Complications  or 
working  parts.  Just  as  simple  as 
they  look.  Made  for  heavy  foli¬ 
age.  I  trge  trees,  and  spraying 
against  the  wind.  Nothing  to 
,  manipulate,  catch,  drip  or  clog. 

Only  one  needed  for  each  lead. 

Satisfaction  guaranteed  or  money  re 
funded.  Price  (angle  or  regular,  state 
which  is  wanted).  SJ.00  each  postpaid 

“FRIEND"  MFG  CO  .  Gasport,  N.  Y, 
Wrv  d  tic  wrU’s  Lai  IUM  Po»cf  Swmn.  tte  “ftlfMT 


MARKET  GARDENERS’  PAPER 

Weekly  Market  Growers’  .l.mrnul — only  paper  printed 
especially  for  vegetable  growers.  81.00  a  year,  62  is¬ 
sues.  For  10  cents  and  names  of  three  market  gardeners 
we  will  send  it  ten  weeks  with  our  popular  booklet, 
“825,000  a  Year  From  Twelve  Acres.”  Send  for  free 
sample  copies — it  is  tho  best  way  to  judge. 

Market  Growers’  Journal,  541  Walker  Bldg.,  Louisville,  Ky. 


Bees  on  the  F arm 

will  help  you  get  more  pleasure  and  more  profit 
from  Bee  keeping.  0  months  trial  subscription  25c. 
Book  on  Bees  and  Catalog  of  Supplies  sent  free. 

THE  A.  I.  ROOT  COMPANY,  Box  65.  MEDINA,  OHIO 


A  BEAUTIFUL  FARM  FOR  SALE  in  the  finest  fruit 
growing  and  trucking  section  in  the  world; 
fertile  soil  and  fine  climate:  also  a  beautiful  water 
front  farm  with  timber.  For  full  particulars  ad¬ 
dress  SAMUEL  P.  WOODCOCK,  Salisbury, 
Wicomico  County,  Maryland. 


PORTER 

HAY  CARRIER 

Has  wide  open  mouth  and 
swinging  fork  pulley.  Fills 
hay  mow  full  to  the  roof.  Is 
without  exception  best  hay 
carrier  in  the  United  States. 

We  also  make  Litter  Carriers, 
Steel  Stalls  and  Cattle  Stanchions. 
Send  for  Catalogue 
J.  E.  PORTER  CO.,  OTTAWA,  ILL, 


PATENTS  START  FACTORIES 


PATENT  SECURED  OR 
_  _  FEE  RETURNED 

Startright.  Free  Book— IIow  to  obtain,  finance 
and  promote  patents.  Send  sketch,  free  search. 


FARNtlAM  &  SUES,  Pat.  Attya.,  Ad. 36.  Washington,  D.C. 


Tj'OR  SALE — Farm  of  135 acres,  well  watered;  ten* 
A  room  house;  two  barns,  52x24  and  24x28;  granary, 
hen-house  and  hog-house:  all  nearly  new.  On*<  find 
one-half  miles  from  railroad  town.  Price,  $2,500, 
one-half  cash.  HALL’S  FARM  AGENCY,  Owego, 
Tioga  County,  New  York. 


VIRGINIA  FARM  FOR  SALE 

Very  fertile  farm  of  150  acres.  Netv  seven  room 
house.  Barns  and  out-buildings  in  good  repair. 
Orchard  of  100  full  hearing  apple  trees.  Only  one 
mile  from  churches  and  school.  Many  other  farms 
in  beautiful  Fauquier  County  for  sale.  Write  for 
prices  and  descriptions.  Address 
HARRY  M.  HLTBBELL,  Warrentown,  Virginia. 


WANATEE-florida 


I  Where  fortune*  are  made  on  small  farms 
.  foSpvgrowing  Oranges,  Grape  Fruit  and  Veg- 
etables.  Cheap  lands  now  available.  Quick 
transportation — low  freight  rates  io  Eastern 
and  Northern  markets  via  S.  A.  L.  Ry.  Two 
.and  three  crops  a  year,  net  $500  to  $1500 
.per  acre.  Ideal  climate  year  round  —  no 
freezes — no  extreme  heat.  Write  for  illus- 
“  trated  booklet — it’s  free — address, 

1(1/7  J.  W.  WHITE  Gen’i  Industrial  A*t. 

SEABOARD  AIR  LINE  RY. 

HU  NORFOLK.  VA.  DEPT.  A 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKEiJ 


435 


farm  $45.70.  It  was  proposed  to  use 
four  tons  of  carbonate  of  lime  per  acre. 
This  is  the  ground  limestone.  This 
lime  costs  at  the  quarry  $1.75  per  ton. 
The  freight  on  each  ton  from  the  quarry 
to  Long  Island  is  $2.89  for  each  ton,  so 
that  a  ton  costs  delivered  at  the  station 
$4.64,  or  $18.56  per  acre  for  the  lime  and 
$185.60  for  the  field.  It  was  proposed 
to  use  on  the  10  acres  eight,  tons  of 
basic  slag.  This  costs  $16  a  ton  in  New 
York,  and  the  freight  $2.20  more,  or 
$18.20  a  ton  each,  and  eight  tons  on  the 
10  acres  costs  $145.60.  We  have,  there¬ 
fore,  the  following  table  to  show  the  cost 


AN  OHIO  FARM  BOY  AND  HIS  FRIENDS.  Fig.  146. 


falfa  so  as  to  sell  it  at  a  profit  of  $9 
or  $10  a  ton  will  wonder  why  these  Long 
Island  farmers  do  not  move  out  West, 
where  most  of  these  expenses  might  be 
avoided.  The  answer  will  be  the  same 
as  most  usually  given  in  such  cases ; 
“There  is  no  place  like  home.” 


Ball  Game  for  the  Peach  Crop. 

The  peach  situation  in  Texas  is  pretty 
much  like  a  game  of  baseball,  with  the  crop 
on  one  side  and  “favorable  conditions”  on 
the  opposing  side.  The  bloom  has  reached 
first  base  safely,  but  the  crop  has  three 
more  bases  to  run  before  it  gets  homo,  if 
the  shouts  of  the  rooters  are  to  ring  out 


INTERESTING  THE  BOY. 

In  every  issue  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  we  try 
to  say  something  about  Alfalfa  and  par¬ 
cels  post.  These  are  to  have  a  mighty 
influence  upon  the  future  of  ,  this  coun¬ 
try.  We  must  remember,  too,  that  the 
future  which  we  refer  to  rests  in  the 
hands  of  the  children.  Whatever  we 
can  leave  behind  us  will  be  made  worth 
while,  if  at  all,  by  the  little  ones — 
now  gaining  their  first  views  and  im¬ 
pressions  of  life.  We  do  not  therefore 
like  to  have  an  issue  of  The  R.  N.-Y. 
appear  which  does  not  contain  some  ref¬ 
erence  to  the  children.  The  Ohio  boy  in 
the  picture  is  being  started  right.  As 
long  as  he  lives  he  will  remember  the 
farm  and  the  wholesome  work  he 
did  to  make  it  worth  living  on.  No 
finer  thing  can  be  done  in  the  country 
than  to  give  a  lot  of  children  a  happy 
childhood  and  a  clean,  industrious  and 
hopeful  view  of  life.  Where  can  you 
do  it  to  better  advantage  than  among 
growing  things — plants  and  animals? 


COST  OF  TEN  ACRES  IN  ALFALFA. 

Much  has  been  said  now  about  grow¬ 
ing  Alfalfa  in  the  East.  Farmers  must 
realize  that  this  is  an  expensive  crop  to 
get  going  on  many  of  our  farms.  Of 
course  there  are  soils  where  Alfalfa 
easily  fits  in  and  where  it  is  compara¬ 
tively  easy  to  start  the  crop.  Often, 
however,  these  locations  are  not  the 
places  where  Alfalfa  is  most  needed, 
and  it  seems  to  be  true  that  where  one 
starts  in  to  fit  Alfalfa  into  a  farm  where 
it  would  do  the  most  good  he  must  ex¬ 
pect  to  pay  the  full  price.  For  example, 
we  have  the  figures  showing  the  cost  of 
starting  10  acres  of  Alfalfa  at  the  west 
end  of  Long  Island,  where  this  crop 
ought  to  be  most  useful  for  feeding 
cattle.  Here  are  the  figures  as  worked 
out  by  a  farmer: 

On  this  land  corn  was  grown  last 
year  and  it  has  been  well  manured  this 
Spring.  To  seed  the  10  acres  there  will 
be  required  20  pounds  of  Alfalfa  seed 
per  acre  at  15  cents  a  pound.  This 
means  $30  for  the  field.  One  bushel  per 
acre  of  the  beardless  barley  is  recom¬ 
mended  by  the  Alfalfa  experts,  which 
will  cost  $1.25  per  acre,  or  $12.50  for 
the  field.  The  freight  on  the  above 
amounts  to  $3.20,  which  makes  the  cost 
of  seed  delivered  at  the  Long  Island 


of  seed,  lime  and  phosphate  for  a  10-acre 
field : 

Seed  . .$45.70 

Lime  . 185.60 

Phosphate  . 145.60 

Total  . .....$376.90 

Out  of  this  total  of  $376.90  must  come 
$140.40  for  freight,  and  yet  this  Long 
Island  field  is  located  only  20  miles  from 
New  York  City.  Some  of  our  Alfalfa 
farmers  in.  the  West  will  smile  at  these 
figures,  and  think  them  all  out  of  pro¬ 
portion,  yet  the  figures  are  exact  and 
show  to  a  cent  the  cost  of  preparing  this 
land  in  order  to  follow  out  the  advice  of 
the  Alfalfa  experts.  Some  of  the  West¬ 
ern  farmers  who  are  able  to  grow  Al¬ 


at  harvest.  In  our  little  simile  the  ball  will 
represent  our  spirits,  soaring  with  a  fly-ball, 
firm  with  a  liner  and  drooping  with  a 
grounder,  and  which  when  batted  about 
will  mean  some  severe  jolts,  but  it  is  made 
to  last  through  the  game,  and  as  it  lands 
safely  in  a  pla.ver‘s  hands  the  impact  is 
mild,  when  patience  is  exercised.  There 
will  be  no  unfair  decisions  in  this  game 
that  can  be  ascribed  to  “bad  luck,”  for  our 
good  umpire’s  word  is  final.  If  the  coachor, 
whom  we  will  call  Old  Boreas — the  heating 
pot— can  rattle  and  baffle  the  pitcher,  who 
is  .Tack  Frost  of  old-time  fame,  the  crop  can 
steal  second  base  shortly,  and  the  shouts 
of  the  rooters  in  the  form  of  little 
peaches  will  burst  forth  ;  then,  •  if  the 
batter  can  succeed  in  getting  to  first  on 
balls,  a  good  deal  of  time  will  be  gained 
for  the  crop  to  steal  into  third  base  safely, 
provided  the  runner  has  been  properly 
trained — pruned  and  fertilized — and  the 


short-stop  doesn’t  trim  him  up  on  the  run 
and  see-saw  him  for  a  few  anxious  moment? 
between  an  April  cold  snap  and  favorabh 
April  showers.  The  run  to  home  will  b> 
the  hard  final  battle.  Drought  or  hail,  o: 
unseasonable  weather  in  the  shape  of  a 
“strike-out,”  or  insects  or  disease,  or  care¬ 
less  cultivation  and  spraying  in  the  shape 
of  reckless  base-running,  or  an  alert  catch¬ 
er  on  to  his  job  may  mean  a  “put-out,” 
while  the  improper  marketing  may  mean 
“side-out”  before  our  runner  reaches  home 
I  do  not  expect  that  the  batters  will  make 
any  “home  runs,”  for  it’s  too  early  in  the 
game ;  the  sides  are  evenly  matched  now, 
and  it  is  likely  with  a  cold,  late  and  wet 
Spring  the  game  will  be  unduly  prolonged 
and  the  spectators,  who  are  peach-eaters, 
kept  at  the  point  of  anxiety  until  about  the 
seventh  inning,  which  the  almanac  says  will 
occur  in  June.  In  the  interim,  if  the  play¬ 
ers  are  careful,  we  will  have  just  “ordinary 
ball.”  After  then  the  chances  are  the  op¬ 
posing  side  will  lose  interest  in  the  game 
and  the  encouragement  of  the  grand-stand, 
who  eat  peaches,  will  do  much  towards  add¬ 
ing  to  our  final  victory.  But  it  will  be  an 
interesting  game.  victor  labadie. 

Texas. 


Lime  and  Potatoes. 

On  page  186,  under  heading  of  “A  Dis¬ 
cussion  of  Lime,”  you  say  :  “Much  will  de¬ 
pend  on  the  crops  you  grow.  If  it  be 
potatoes  the  annual  use  of  lime  will  cause 
too  much  scab.”  Ought  lime  to  be  used 
at  all  on  new  land  where  potatoes  are  to 
be  raised?  We  bought  a  farm  last  Novem¬ 
ber  and  plowed  at  that  time  10  acres  of 
new  land  (worthless  mowing  land)  which 
we  propose  to  plant  to  potatoes.  It  is 
hard  clay  land  which  has  probably  not 
been  plowed  in  20  years,  and  gives  evi¬ 
dence  of  being  very  sour.  We  proposed 
putting  on  stable  manure  and  1,000  pounds 
of  air-slaked  or  burned  lime  to  the  acre, 
and  then  use  a  good  grade  of  commercial 
fertilizer  in  the  hill.  f.  s.  s. 

Rhode  Island. 

Wo  would  not  use  lime  anywhere  when 
potatoes  are  to  be  planted.  Some  few  re¬ 
ports  indicate  no  trouble  from  scab,  but 
our  general  advice  is  keep  lime  away  from 
potatoes. 

Flax  Diseases. — The  failure  of  the  flax 
crop  in  the  Northwest  is  a  serious  thing  to 
many  industries,  as  the  oil  is  used  for 
making  many  articles.  The  flax  crop  failed 
because  attacked  by  root  diseases.  The 
North  Dakota  Experiment  Station  has  found 
that  the  spraying  of  the  seed  with  formalde¬ 
hyde  will  largely  destroy  the  germs  of  this 
disease,  and  they  are  going  at  it  in  the  most 
practical  way  to  induce  farmers  to  use  the 
remedy.  Among  other  things  a  circular  has 
been  issued  entitled  “Who  Could  Help  Save 
the  Flax  Crop  of  the  Northwest?”  It  is 
said  that  30,000,000  bushels  of  seed  can  be 
used  to  advantage  next  year,  and  that  every¬ 
one  in  North  Dakota  should  help  save  the 
crop,  from  the  seedsmen  to  the  newspapers. 
All  should  tell  the  story  of  spraying  the 
seed  with  formaldehyde,  and  how  to  do  it 
to  the  best  advantage.  Linseed  oil  is  used 
in  making  paint,  oil-clotli,  printer’s  ink  and 
dozens  of  other  necessary  things,  and  this 
wholesale  plan  of  education  is  commendable, 
and  only  one  of  many  practical  things  which 
the  North  Dakota  people  are  doing. 


Corn  Grown  at 
Spartanburg, 
South  Carolina, 
on  Ground  Blasted 
with 


IMS 


RED  CROSS 
DYNAMITE 

Yield  Increased  33% 

Reference — Col.  E.  J.  Watson 
U.  S.  Commissioner  of  Agriculture 
Columbia,  S.  C. 

Write  for  “ Farmer’s  Handbook  ” — Free 


E.  I.  DU  PONT  DE  NEMOURS 
POWDER  CO. 

Established  1802  WILMINGTON,  DEL.,  U.  S.  A. 


430 


TH  EC  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


A  pril  1 . 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
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“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


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Wire.  Inches  high  Medium  Weight  Extra  heavy (.11  No.9) 


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8peclal  rates  beyond  this  territory. 


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for  S2-lnch;  25e  for  a  47-inch 
Farm  Fence.  48-inch  Poultry  |fc= 
fence  28  l-2c.  Sold  on  30  days 
trial.  80  rod  spool  Ideal  Barb 
Wire  $1.45  Catalogue  free. 

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Box  230  MUNCIE,  IND. 


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We  have  issued  an  attractive  book  on 
hay  loaders,  fully  illustrated,  including 
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We  will  send  a  copy  of  it  fi-ee  to  every 
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It  is  full  of  Hay  Loader  information 
that  will  interest  every  farmer. 

It  shows  wliy  the  “(tearless”  is  the 
cheapest  loader  to  own,  the  cheapest  to 
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TREATMENT. OF  OLD  ORCHARD. 

M.  H.  T.,  Oswego,  N.  Y. — I  have  two  or¬ 
chards,  in  all  about  250  trees,  probably  40 
years  old.  They  are  in  fine  shape,  but 
have  never  been  sprayed  at  all.  I  do 
not  know  whether  I  have  any  San  Jose 
scale,  as  I  have  only  owned  this  farm  for 
two  years,  and  never  had  any  experience 
in  orchard  work  before.  The  treeg  are  most¬ 
ly  Baldwins  and  Greenings  and  the  land  has 
always  been  pastured  to  cattle ;  never  been 
plowed  that  I  know  of.  The  land  is  rather 
stony  and  hard  to  plow,  the  soil  is  gravel, 
well  drained.  This  Spring  I  wish  to  spray, 
and  don't  know  what  to  use.  From  what 
I  have  read  the  lime-sulphur  is  very  hard 
to  make,  and  as  I  am  situated  I  don’t  be¬ 
lieve  it  would  be  possible  for  me.  The  last 
two  years  there  has  been  no  crop  to 
speak  of  hereabouts ;  in  1909  I  got  about 
800  bushels  of  good,  bad  and  indifferent 
apples  that  netted  me  $275.  In  1910  I 
did  not  get  any.  In  1908  there  were  370 
barrels  and  700  bushels  of  other  apples 
selling  at  35  cents  per  100.  The  fruit  in 
1909  (the  first  year  I  was  here)  was  knotty 
and  wormy,  and  inclined  to  be  small.  What 
few  I  got  in  1910  were  large,  but  wormy 
and  were  rotten  in  spots  when  picked.  The 
trees  are  healthy  and  vigorous.  Can  you 
advise  me  what  to  use  as  spray  and  whether 
it  would  pay  me  best  to  buy  some  prepared 
mixture  or  make  my  own?  I  suppose  hogs 
or  sheep  would  be  better  for  trees  than 
cows,  but  as  my  other  pasture  is  poor  I 
require  the  orchards  for  them,  unless  I 
feed  in  Summer,  and  I  am  in  such  circum¬ 
stances  that  I  must  keep  cattle  to  live  on. 
Then,  too,  I  have  no  place  to  house  sheep  in 
Winter,  though  I  can  buy  the  ewes  at  $5 
a  head  from  a  fine  flock  just  now.  I  have 
no  hogs  at  present,  but  intend  to  buy  a 
few  pigs  in  Spring.  Pears  do  very  well 
here  and  seem  to  be  surer  of  crop  than  ap¬ 
ples.  I  have  been  thinking  of  setting  a 
piece  of  about  one-half  acre  to  trees  in 
Spring,  but  neighbors  say  set  pears,  as 
apples  take  so  long  to  mature.  How  would 
it  go  to  set  some  late  maturing  apples,  like 
Northern  Spys,  40  feet  apart  and  pears 
as  fillers  between  them?  Wouldn’t  they 
be  over  their  usefulness  before  apples  were 
large  enough  to  interfere  with  them?  W’hat 
varieties  do  you  think  would  be  best  for 
my  soil  in  apples  and  setting  as  I  spoke 
of?  Bartlett,  Clapp’s  Favorite  and  Seekel 
in  pears  are  favorites  here,  and  Baldwin, 
Greening,  McIntosh  Red  and  Spy  in  ap¬ 
ples.  How  many  gallons  of  unadulterated 
fluid  will  it  take  to  spray  my  orchard  three 
times  ? 

Ans. — The  proper  thing  to  do  with 
these  orchards  is  first  to  prune  out  the 
dead  wood  and  enough  of  the  live  wood 
to  give  the  remainder  a  chance  to  de¬ 
velop  good,  strong  fruit  buds.  Follow 
this  with  thorough  spraying,  using  both 
lime-sulphur  and  arsenate  of  lead,  and 
follow  the  directions  as  given  in  the  bul¬ 
letin  published  at  Cornell  University. 
Spray  whether  there  is  any  fruit  in  sight 
or  not,  the  idea  being  to  keep  the  foliage 
healthy  so  that  the  trees  will  accumulate 
a  force  that  will  produce  fruit.  As  to 
the  soil  treatment,  you  need  to  increase 
the  per  cent  of  humus  in  your  soil.  There 
are  two  ways  that  you  may  do  this,  cover 
the  ground  with  stable  manure,  plow 
and  cultivate,  and  sow  cover  crops,  which 
is  an  expensive  method ;  or  use  the  mulch 
method,  which  when  properly  used  I  am 
firmly  convinced  is  the  better  way,  viz., 
to  cover  the  ground  lightly  with  stable 
manure,  allow  what  grass  there  is  to 
grow,  mow  it  rather  high,  and  let  the 
aftermath  cover  the  ground.  Each  year 
with  this  treatment  your  per  cent  of 
humus  will  increase  at  a  minimum  cost, 
also  the  constant  shading  of  the  mulch 
will  improve  the  mechanical  condition 
of  the  soil.  Do  not  pasture  the  orchard ; 
the  stock  eats  up  the  aftermath  and  com¬ 
pacts  the  soil  by  constant  walking,  espe¬ 
cially  when  wet,  both  practices  being  very 
detrimental  to  the  proper  mechanical 
condition  of  the  soil.  If  this  man’s  hobby 
is  live  stock  it  will  be  hard  for  him  to 
make  a  success  of  apple  growing.  The 
successful  apple  grower  of  to-day  sees 
a  big  apple  in  front  of  him  in  his  mind 
almost  constantly.  Fair  a  guess  200 
pounds  arsenate  of  lead  and  100  gallons 
of  commercial  lime-sulphur  would  an¬ 
swer  for  spraying  orchard  of  250  trees. 
Do  not  mix  pears  in  with  apple  plant¬ 
ing.  Spy,  Greening,  McIntosh  and 
Fameuse  are  four  good  varieties  for  your 
section.  grant  g.  hitchings. 

Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y. 


Building  an  Icebox. — I  wish  to  make  an 
Icebox,  and  would  like  to  be  advised  which 
is  the  better,  a  packed  "box  with  charcoal 
or  sawdust,  or  one  with  air  space.  Would 
two  air  spaces  about  1%  inch  be  better 
than  one  air  space  three  inches? 

Taunton,  Mass.  ■  w.  b.  e. 


A  COMBINATION  everybody  is  talking 

about.  David  Bradley  Quality — for  eighty  years  the  standard, 
and  Sears ,  Roebuck  and  Co.  Prices — one  profit,  factory  to  con¬ 
sumer.  The  skill  of  eighty  years’  experience  in  farm 
implement  manufacture  united  with  the  most  economical 
distributing  methods  known. 

CYour  interest  in  our  purchase  of  the  oldest  and  largest 
farm  implement  factory  in  the  world  selling  direct  to  the 
consumer  lies  in  the  remarkable  price  reductions  we  have 
made  on  the  famous  David  Bradley  tools. 


No.  1  David  Bradley  Flat  Drop  Force  Drop 
Corn  Planter. 

$0  085  Without: 

Z,  Z,z=r  CheckRower. 

$0  025  Complete,  as 
0==  Illustrated. 

Tried  out  and  per¬ 
fected  through  thirty 
years  of  severest 
tests.  The  planter 
the  everyday  farmer 
can  use  day  in  and 
day  out  and  always 
depend  npon  its  do¬ 
ing  accurate  work. 
Handles  any  size  or 
shape  of  kernel, 
graded  or  ungraded, 
butts  or  tips,  with 
unfailing  accuracy, 
insuring  a  greater 
percentage  of  full 
hills  than  any  other 
planter  made. 

The  David  Bradley  patent  FORCE  DROP  alone  is  a  feature  which  places 
Bradley  planters  ahead  of  all  others;  but  there  are  other  features,  such  as  ex¬ 
treme  simplicity,  which  contribute  to  ease  of  operation  ;  stanch,  honest  con¬ 
struction,  and  the  use  of  high  quality  materials  throughout,  eliminating  break¬ 
age  and  delays.  These  features  all  combine  to  make  the  Bradley  an  unfailing, 
everlasting  planter  and  the  one  for  any  farmer  to  buy. 

The  No.  15  Edge  Drop  Planter,  the  latest  David  Bradley  product,  is  designed 
for  the  farmer  who  sorts  and  grades  his  seed,  determined  to  make  every  kernel 
count.  1 1  has  the  famous  Bradley  force  drop  combined  with  more  up  to  date 
and  desirable  features  than  you  find  in  any  edge  drop  planter  of  other  make. 


C  Refer  to  our  big  General  Catalog  for  pictures,  complete  _  descriptions 
and  prices  of  David  Bradley  plows,  harrows,  planters,  cultivators,  etc., 
the  farm  tools  backed  by  eighty  years  of  knowing  how;  or  send  today 
for  our  Book  of  David  Bradley  Farm  Implements. 

We  can  always  supply  promptly  any  repair  part  for  any  Bradley 
implement,  no  matter  when  or  where  bought. 

- SEARS.  ROEBUCKchicmo - 


Ay .  I— 


One  Animal  and  Three  Hogs 

to  an  Acre 


THIS  is  a  fair  estimate  of  the  average  feeding  ability  of 
the  soil.  On  a  farm  of  80  acres  the  highest  limit  of 
efficiency  is  20-acre  fields.  Large  fields  diminish  the 
earning  power  because  two  small  fields  alternated  will  furnish 
much  more  support  for  stock  than  the  same  average  in  one  big 
field.  The  fence  is  the  important  factor;  and  with  the  liberal 
use  of  gates,  unlimited  extension  and  alternation  is  simple. 


The  steel  in  EHwood  fence  is  specially 
made  from  carefully  selected  stock. 
It  is  hard,  elastic,  tough  and  springy. 
The  line  wires,  composed  of  two  or 
more  wires  twisted  into  cables,  give 
each  individual  wire  the  shape  of  an 
elongated,  coiled  spring.  The  fence  is 
therefore  sufficiently  elastic  to  take 
care  of  expansion  and  contraction,  and 
yet  so  rigid  when  properly  stretched 


as  to  prevent  sagging.  The  small  and 
permanent  mesh  is  made  by  weaving 
one  continuous  wire  throughout  the 
fabric.  Tiie  mesh  or  stay  wires  are  so 
interwoven  that  slipping  is  impossible. 
The  triangular  truss  is  the  strongest 
form  of  construction  known.  For  this 
reason.  Ellwood  fence  will  stand  the 
hardest  usage  and  still  retain  its 
shape. 


Ellwood  Fence  is  sold  in  your  town.  Euwkoofd  deaf¬ 
er  and  let  him  show  you  his  different  styles  of  fence  and  quote  you  his  low 
prices.  Get  his  expert  advice  on  your  special  needs.  He  is  on  the  spot, 
buys  in  large  quantities,  gets  the  lowest  carload  freight  rates,  demonstrates 
quality  before  your  eyes  and  is  the  man  from  whom  you  will  get  the  most 
for  your  money. 

FRANK  BAACKES,  Vice  President  and  General  Sales  Agent 

American  Steel  &  Wire  Co. 

Chicago  New  York  Denver  Sarr..  Francisco 

Sendfor  copy  of  “Ellwood  Fence  News,"  profusely  illustrated,  devoted  to  theinieresls  of  farmers  and  show¬ 
ing  how  fence  may  be  employed  to  enhance  the  earning  power  of  a  farm.  Furnished  free  upon  application. 


1811 


THE  R.UR.A.L>  NEW-YORKER 


437- 


ORIENTAL  PEAR  STOCKS. 

E.  S.  Black’s  advice  to  “go  slow”  in 
using  Oriental  pear  stocks  for  grafting 
our  varieties  on  is  well  given.  In  1888 
I  received  through  the  H.  H.  Berger 
seed  house  at  San  Francisco  one  pound 
of  Chinese  Sand  pear  seed,  and  one 
pound  of  seed  from  Japan.  Both  were 
planted  and  quite  a  number  of  young 
trees  resulted.  The  Chinese  Sand  were 
the  more  thrifty;  when  three  years  old 
several  hundred  of  these  were  top- 
grafted  about  four  feet  from  the  ground. 
For  two  or  three  years  they  grew  nicely, 
but  as  stated  by  Mr.  Black,  the  graft 
grew  much  larger  than  the  stock.  About 
the  fifth  year  the  tops  began  to  show 
something  wrong,  and  by  the  eighth 
year  all  were  gone.  Some  of  the  Sand 
pears  not  grafted  are  living  yet,  and 


sunflower  seed,  which  is  very  oily  and 
rich,  is  relished  by  poultry  and  stock, 
and  we  are  told  that  in  eastern  Europe 
and  Asia  the  seeds  are  roasted  or 
parched,  and  eaten  just  as  we  eat  pea¬ 
nuts.  We  have  no  knowledge  of  sun¬ 
flower  seed  flour;  we  judge  it  would  be 
extremely  oily.  The  sunflower  commonly- 
used  for  human  food  is  the  Jerusalem 
artichoke,  Helianthus  tuberosus,  which 
has  escaped  from  gardens  to  become  a 
weed  in  many  parts  of  this  country. 
The  roots,  either  boiled  or  pickled,  are 
liked  by  many,  but  the  plant  multiplies 
so  rapidly  that  it  soon  becomes  a  nui¬ 
sance  in  the  garden. 


GROWING  RASPBERRIES. 

Fig.  147  shows  a  family  affair  in 
Michigan  where  raspberries  are  grown 
as  a  market  crop.  These  hushes  are 
about  as  they  should  be  at  picking  time 
after  good  pruning  and  clean  culture. 
Where  one  can  get  good  pickers,  rasp- 


bear  every  year.  One  of  them  is 
very  fair  pear  for  preserving  purposes. 
I  tried  grafting  on  a  few  Kieffer  trees, 
but  with  no  good  results.  On  the  other 
hand  I  set  some  hundreds  of  grafts  on 
our-  -native  __-stocks  (top-grafted)  and 
have  nice  bearing  trees.  I  grafted  some 
Sand  pear  scions  on  the  Garber  (a 
hybrid)  and  these  grew  well  and  bear 
every  year.  Just  why  the  natives  will 
not  do  on  the  Orientals  we  cannot  tell, 
but  our  experience  wras  on  a  scale  to 
tell.  The  work  was  carefully  done  and 
90  per  cent  grew  right  along  for  several 
years.  I  used  scions  of  quite  a  number 
of  our  better  pears,  but  all  were  served 
alike.  *  j.  H.  haynes. 

Indiana. 


MILKWEED,  DAHLIA  AND  SUNFLOWER 
FOR  FOOD. 

E.  D.  R.,  Pouyhkecpsie,  N.  Y.— I  am  send¬ 
ing  you  a  clipping  from  a  local  paper  about 
milkweed,  sunflower,  and  Dahlia  bulbs  be¬ 
ing  delicious  food.  Will  you  tell  me  where 
to  get  the  kinds  mentioned  if  possible? 

The  common  milkweed,  Asclepias  Cor- 
nuti,  plentiful  in  fields  and  low  grounds, 
is  freely  eaten  as  “greens,”  the  rule  be¬ 
ing  to  break  off  as  much  of  the  stalk  as 
will  snap,  both  leaves  and  stalk  being 
cooked.  People  who  like  milkweed 
greens  continue  to  eat  them  through  the 
season,  gathering  the  tender  growth  as 
it  is  renewed.  The  inquirer  should  be 
able  to  find  plenty  of  this  milkweed  wild 
in  his  locality.  The  Dahlia  referred  to 
in  the  newspaper  clipping  is  described 
as  “the  single  red  variety.”  Practically 
all  our  garden  Dahlias  come  from  one 
original  species,  D.  variabilis,  though 
the  cactus  Dahlias  are  descended  from 
a  sub-species,  D.  Juarezii,  but  it  does 
not  seem  likely  that  the  quality  of  the 
root  will  vary  greatly  in  different  gar¬ 
den  varieties.  However,  single  Dahlias 
grow  very  readily  from  seed,  which  may 
be  procured  from  any  seedsman,  and 
would  thus  be  cheaper  for  a  food  sup¬ 
ply  than  the  fine  named  sorts  usually 
grown  from  tubers.  We  have  tasted 
boiled  Dahlia  roots,  and  frankly  own 
that  their  sweetish  aromatic  flavor  was 
not  agreeable  to  us,  but  palates  differ. 
We  have  been  told  that  chemists  extract 
a  Dahlia  sugar  from  these  roots,  which 
has  some  special  medical  quality,  but 
have  no  exaot  knowledge  concerning  it. 
The  newspaper  clipping  referred  to 
speaks  of  a  flour  made  from  sunflower 
seeds,  one  of  the  native  sunflowers  of 
the  Western  prairies  being  used.  Of 
these  we  have  no  knowledge,  the  sun¬ 
flower  ordinarily  used  in  stock  feeding 
being  the  large  Russian  variety.  This 


Fig.  147. 

berries  will  pay  fairly  well.  In  our  own 
section  we  find  it  hard  to  get  the  crop 
picked.  People  will  handle  strawber¬ 
ries,  but  do  not  like  to  work  among 
"briers.”  We  should  be  careful  to  make 
sure  of  the  pickers  before  setting  heavily 
to  raspberries. 


“That  man  is  a  fanatic  about  temper¬ 
ance,  isn’t  he?”  “Yes.  I  knew  him 
once  to  leave  a  farm  where  he  was  to 
spend  the  Summer  because  he  met  the 
farmer’s  son  driving  the  horses  to 
drink.” — Baltimore  American. 


Are  Y ou  Awake 
To  Opportunity  • 


"C'VERY  man,  sometime  or  other,  has 
opportunity’s  door  opened  to  him; 
but  the  great  difficulty  is  knowing  when 
it  comes  and  being  convinced  to  act. 

The  Buckeye 
Traction  Ditcher 

offers  you  an  opportunity  of  unusual 
merit.  Dig  ditches  in  your  neighbor¬ 
hood  and  net  from  $15.00  to  $18.00  a  day. 
Many  are  doing  it.  There  is  no  trouble 
keeping  the  machine  busy.  Every  farmer 
needs  ditches — the  old  expensive  method 
of  hand  labor  is  a  thing  of  the  past.  Our 
machine  saves  you  from  2S%  to  50%  and 
digs  from  100  to  150  rods  a  day.  Farmers 
are  insisting  upon  Buckeye  ditches,  be¬ 
cause  they  are  truer,  of  more  perfect  level 
and  economical.  Be  the  first  in  your 
territory  to  own  the  Buckeye  Traction 
Ditcher.  Our  catalogue  No.  3  will  ex¬ 
plain  all.  Write  today  for  it. 

The  Buckeye  Traction  Ditcher  Co., 

Findlay,  Ohio. 


A  RASPBERRY  FIELD  IN  MICHIGAN. 


Invincible  Pumping  Out! 

42 


ONLY 


I 


rpoN’t 

rWORK  SO 
HARD  THIS 
SUMMER. 


4-Cycle 
Air-Cooled— 

A  Combination  of  Hired  Man  and  Hired  Girl 


THERE 


BETTER  LITTLE  OUTFIT  MADE 


THE 

and  in  order  to  obtain  a  pumping  motion  without  adding"  to  the  num- 
riL0/  p,  -I178,  1fl8tea<1  usin«  the  ordinary  2  to  1  gearing  made  a  ratio 

of  1-  to  1.  #  Ihus  it  requires  only  two  gears  to  accomplish  the  same  result  that 
r  .  others  obtain  by  the  use  of  four  or  more  gears.  This  gives  a  slow  speed  shaft 
r  from  which  all  ordinary  hand  power  machines  may  be  driven.  A  washing  mu- 
chine  with  a  lever  motion,  or  a  vacuum  cleaner,  may  be  attached  to  the  slow  speed 
gear  by  one  of  the  pump  rods  and  driven  direct,  obtaining  the  same  motion  that 
would  be  imparted  to  such  machines  by  hand  power. 

Using  a  slow  speed  pulloy,  it  is  especially  adapted  for  running  a  Cream  Sep-  ^ 
arator,  Churn,  Washing  Machine,  Vacuum  Gleaner,  Xco  Oream  Ffcazcf,  etc.  It 
,'8  sufficiently  light  to  be  readily  moved  about  and  its  simple  construction  enables 
Ithe  women  folkstp  understand  its  operation  in  a  very  short  time, 
i  ..THE  SLOW  SPEED  FEATURE  is  of  special  value  and  not  found  in 
other  enginea  It  relieves  the  necessity  and  expense  of  pulley  jacks  to  reduce 
speed,  ns  is  necessary  in  nearly  all  other  enginea  The  readiness  to  operate  it 
on  high  speed  machines  by  simply  moving  the  belt  from  one  pulley  to  another 
can  b©  appreciated  only  by  those  who  have  had  experience  with  single  speed  engines. 


The  Handiest,  Most  Convenient  Lillie 
Outfit  Ever  Made 


FOR  LIGHT  WORK  ON 
THE  FARM,  as  it  is  very 

. — - - ^  much  space  and  can  read-  •  -  i  .  . - - - - - — 

ily  be'placed  in  position  for  most  any  kind  of  light  Bines  are  securely  crated  and  we  guarantee  safe  do- 
. le  invaluable  feature  of  Its  UXSIX  A'VLfii* 1  ™  _ _ _ 


compact,  does  not  take  up 
i  fc 


pect,  as  above  mentioned, 

will  be  replaced  at  any  time  __  _ 

free  of  charge.  The  fuel  consumption  will  be  as  low 
as  any  other  engine  of  similar  design  and  size.  F,n- 


l  having  two  speeds  that  adapts  it  for  nearly  all  light  i  EF  03I82-INYINCIBLE  PUMPER,. com- 
*  work  on  the  farm  without  additional  expense  ofiP  ?  pumP  3uck,  and  otherwise  as  described, 

1  pulleys,  jacks,  reducing  gears,  or  other  extras.  ,fc  W15h°utpump,  at  factory  in  Penn-  JiO  Qr 
Changing  from  one  speed  to  the  other  simply  8ylvania‘  ^rice . 

i  to  the  pulley  on  the  opposite  si  So,  and  wherelthe  Get  Our  Gasoline  Engine  Catalogue 

.  very  Usht  both  speeds  could  be  utilized!  This  book  is  a  veritable  mine  of  information 

at  tne  same  time  for  two  dillerent  purposes.  on  power  producing  machinery  forth©  farm.  It 
(iliarantPP  u  e  guarantee  the  engine  to,  not  only  describes  the  Invincible  Pumper  in 
UUU1  1  ..  oe  as  described  and  to  develop,  fullest  detail  but  it  also  illustrates  anddea- 
more  than  its  rated  horse  power  when  run-  cribes  many  others.  A  copy  of  this  book  is 
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.you  with  the  understanding  that  any  nearest  you.  The  book  will  be  sent  to 
^  parts  proving  defective  in  either  res- 1  you  at  once. 


Nineteenth  and 
Campbell  Streets, 
Kansas  City 


lont^omeiy  Ward 

CHICAGO  AND  KANSAS  CITY 

149 


Chicago 
Avenue  Bridge, 
Chicago 


DAILY 
OUTPUT 
IB. 000 
BBLS 


YEARLY 

OUTPUT 

OVER 

6,500,000 


ALPHA 

PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


Satisfaction  Guaranteed  Users 

o.  K. 
Champion 
Machines 
Are 

Reliable 

OUR  PRICES 
AND  QUALITY 
ARE  RIGHT 

Our  O.  K.  Champion  Planter  makes  and  saves  the 
owner  money.  One  man  and  team  plant  five  or  six  acres  of 
potatoes  a  day  accurately  and  easily.  Learn  more  about  this 
and  our  line  of  potato  diggers,  etc.  Let  us  send  you  ouc  froe 
Catalog.  W rite  today.  Dealers  sell  our  machines. 

Champion  Potato  Machinery  Co. 

151  Chicago  Ave.,  Hammond,  ind. 


CAROLINA 


AN  IDEAL  FARM 
AND  HOME  IN 
THE  SOUTH 

O  A  O  T  Thousands  of  Acres— Rich, 

S,  M  fl  N  I  Black  Soil;  Virgin  Farm  Lands 

v  w  n  w  *  fronting  on  the  ocean. 

PnilAlTDV  *n  tPle  world’a  finest  dim- 

l  U  U  N  I  n  T  Low 

Write  us  for  Free  Illustrated  Booklet,  Maps,  etc. 
Address  W.  W.  CROXTON,  G.P.  A..  Norfolk 
Southern  R.  R.,  Dept.  D,  Norfolk,  Va. 


SPRAYERS 


Tesi 
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Sprayers 
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SIKAYER  for  big  growers.  Most  powerful 
machine  made,  60  ancf  100  gallon  tank  for  one 
®LLvo  S.01,888-  P?mp  has  all  brass  working 
parts.  Nozzles  adjustable  to  rows  aa  machine 
“°T88  al8ng.  Cyclone  agitation,  automatic 
relief  valve.  Powerful  pressure  produces  vapor 
spray  that  prevents  blight  and  kills  bugs. 

Trial  Casts  You  Nothing 

MANPOWER  SPRAYER  shown  below  sprays 
^/thing,  potatoes,  truck,  trees,  etc.  Handiest 
machine  made.  High  pressure,  perfect  agitation, 
brass  ball  valves,  plunger,  strainer,  etc.  Works 
automatically  as  you  pubIi  It  along.  Saves  labor 
and  time  and  will  pay  for  itself  flrst  season  even 
on  one  acre. 

We  Guarantee  All  Our 
Sprayers  For  5  Years 

and  ship  them  on  free  trial  without  a  cent  in 
advance.  W  rite  us  a  card  or  letter  today  and  say 
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send  you  FREE  our 
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The  H.  L.  Hurst  Mfg.  Co. 
2315  NORTH  ST.,  CANTON, OHIO 


HORSE-POWER 

SPRAMOTOR 

High  Pressure  100  to  200  lbs., 
for  1  or  2  horses.  Over  500  in 
use.  Automatic  regulator  (no 
safety  valve)  nozzle  protector. 
12-gal.  air  tank,  largest  capa¬ 
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Nozzle  controlled  automati¬ 
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direction. 

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world.  Guaranteed  against 
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This  ad  will  not  appear  again 
in  this  paper. 

E.  H.  HEARD 

1327  Erie  Street.  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


438 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


April  1, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


1  have  no  doubt  that  certain  classes 
of  men  will  promptly  agree  that  The 
R.  N.-Y.  does  its  share  in  naming  the 
fakes  and  frauds  who  lick  their  chops 
at  the  sight  of  a  farmer's  dollar.  It  may 
be  thought  that  while  we  lash  out  at  the 
fakes  or  rascals  we  do  not  praise  the 
good  men.  There  might  be  some  justice 
in  such  a  criticism  for,  in  spite  of  all 
you  may  say,  there  are  more  good  men 
than  rascals  in  the  world.  Some  cold¬ 
blooded  expert  may  say  that  it  is  no 
merit  for  a  man  to  live  a  clean  and 
helpful  life,  since  it  is  his  plain  duty  to 
do  so.  I  have  no  time  to  discuss  that, 
but  there  is  one  man  who  deserves  a 
word,  from  me  particularly,  while  he  is 
with  us.  That  man  is  Jabez  S.  Wood¬ 
ward  of  Niagara  County,  New  York. 
1  saw  Mr.  Woodward  the  other  day' 
just  before  lie  left  for  a  trip  to  Ber¬ 
muda.  Here  is  a  man  long  past  TO 
years,  born  and  raised  on  a  farm,  and 
always  a  plain  farmer.  One  of  the  last 
of  the  “old  guard’' — a  mere  handful  of 
men  who,  through  long  years,  kept  alive 
the  little  spark  of  interest  in  farm  edu¬ 
cation.  I  have  read  of  the  Mexican  and 
Indian  temples  wherein  picked  men 
watched  constantly  to  keep  alive  the 
sacred  fires.  Through  day  and  night, 
joy  and  sorrow,  year  by  year  as  the 
seasons  changed,  these  devoted  watchers 
fed  the  fire  and  never  let  it  die.  When¬ 
ever  I  see  such  men  as  Mr.  Woodward, 
Professor  Roberts  or  S.  D.  Willard  I 
think  of  those  who  kept  the  sacred  flame 
alive  and  left  it  for  a  younger  genera¬ 
tion.  For  this  “old  guard”  laid  the  brick 
and  stone  broad  and  deep,  and  they  did 
their  work  so  well  that  the  great  edifice 
which  we  now  see  going  up  need  not 
fear  for  its  foundation.  Perhaps  you 
never  stopped  to  think  of  it,  but  the 
real  test  of  the  work  which  we  and 
younger  men  are  trying  to  do  will  be 
tested  by  its  strength  as  a  foundation. 
Unless  we  can  do  something  so  well  laid 
and  strong  that  others  can  come  and 
build  upon  it  with  confidence  and  hope, 
our  work  will  not  amount  to  much. 

While  the  farming  public  owes  a  debt 
of  gratitude  to  men  like  Mr.  Woodward, 
I  feel  that  I  owe  a  personal  debt  as  well. 
Some  25  years  or  more  ago  1  came  to  a 
crisis  in  my  life.  A  crisis  means  oppor¬ 
tunity.  A  chance  came  almost  within 
reach  of  my  hands.  I  think  the  man 
who  held  it  hesitated  a  little.  Now  Mr. 
Woodward  was  in  a  position  where  by 
going  a  little  out  of  his  way  he  could 
bring  influence  to  bear  by  saying: 

“Try  this  young  man — give  him  a 
chance!” 

That  is  just  what  he  did — and  the  op¬ 
portunity  was  mine.  I  have  always 
claimed  that  all  any  young  man  needs 
or  should  have  is  fair  opportunity. 
That  means  test  of  body  and  brain  and 
character.  So  I  owe  my  chance  to  Mr. 
Woodward,  and  1  want  to  say  so  while 
he  is  with  us  to  know  it.  As  he  goes 
across  the  ocean  to  sunny  Bermuda  may 
happiness  and  cheerful  spirit  and  pleas¬ 
ant  memories  go  with  him ! 

Tarring  Corn. — Every  year  there  is 
a  discussion  over  the  question  of  tarring 
the  seed  corn  to  keep  the  crows  from 
pulling  it.  Here  comes  the  first  one : 

I  have  seen  in  farm  papers  directions  for 
putting  coal  tar  on  corn  to  prevent  the 
crows  pulling  the  young  plants.  Put  the 
corn  in  a  fertilizer  sack,  put  the  coal  tar 
on  the  corn,  tic  the  sack,  let  the  boys 
tumble  the  sack  about.  The  job  is  well 
done.  Add  ashes  or  land  plaster,  tie  the 
sack  again,  tumble  it ;  the  corn  is  ready 
for  the  planting.  o.  b.  k. 

Canaan,  N.  Y. 

That  will  do  it.  Our  plan  formerly 
was  to  warm  the  corn  in  a  bucket,  pour 
in  the  tar  and  then  take  a  big  iron 
spoon  and  stir.  When  one  arm  gets  tired 
you  take  the  other,  and  then  come  back 
to  the  first  one  and  try  again.  The  bag 
method  probably  means  less  work.  The 
tar  on  the  corn  has  disgusted  the  crows 
at  Hope  Farm  except  one  year,  when 
they  pulled  the  corn — tar  and  all.  I 
never  could  imagine  what  took  the  taste 
cut  of  their  mouth  that  year,  but  the 
fact  is  the  tar  did  not  work.  In  other 
years  the  crows  pulled  a  few  hills,  spit 
out  the  tarred  seed  and  went  to  the 
woods  and  called  me  every  name  they 
could  think  of! 

I  have  a  lot  of  natural  fruit  apple  trees 
all  the  way  from  one  foot  up  to  four  and 
live  feet  high  to  set  out  in  the  Spring. 
When  is  the  best  time  to  graft  them,  when 
they  are  set  out  or  a  year  from  that  time? 
Which  is  better,  saddle  graft  or  split 
graft?  How  far  apart  should  they  be? 

Maine.  e.  l.  h. 

Our  plan  is  to  graft  the  seedlings 
where  they  grow  and  not  try  to  trans¬ 
plant  them  until  the  graft  is  well  estab¬ 
lished.  We  think  this  will  pay  better 
than  transplanting  and  then  grafting.  We 
use  a  split  graft.  There  are  over  50  to 
be  transplanted  this  Spring.  The  grafts 
were  put  in  a  year  ago  and  have  made 


good  growth.  We  dig  up  with  a  fair¬ 
sized  root  and  transplant  as  quickly  as 
possible.  Our  apple  trees  are  set  32 

feet  each  way.  In  a  few  cases  we  use 

fillers  between  these  row's. 

The  Hope  Farm  Man  is  to  be  congratu¬ 
lated  upon  arriving  home  safely  with  the 
“Jersey,”  and  now  we  feel  that  he  is  badly 
needed  at  Washington  in  rounding  up  a 
certain  bunch  of  wild  animals,  l.  L.  H. 

Our  friend  goes  on  to  say  that  this 
“bunch  of  wild  animals”  means  the  vari¬ 
ous  gentlemen  who  oppose  a  parcels 

post  and  similar  things  which  farmers 
need.  The  Hope  Farm  man  resigns  the 
job  before  he  is  elected  or  appointed. 
Some  years  ago  1  ran  for  Congress  in  my 
district,  and  1  failed  to  detect  any  over¬ 
powering  desire  to  have  me  go  to 

Washington.  1  was  defeated  so  badly 
that  the  leaders  were  out  of  sight.  You 
will  have  to  get  some  one  who  can  run 
better  than  1  can.  At  the  same  time 
I  think  our  struggle  with  the  Florida 
cow  indicates  the  way  we  must  get 
parcels  post.  We  shall  have  to  drag 
our  Congressmen  right  up  to  the  rack. 
My  cow  did  not  want  to  go,  but  I 
wanted  her  to.  She  pushed  back  every 
step,  but  she  got  there  finally  with  her 
gallon  of  milk.  I  am  in  favor  of  rop¬ 
ing  these  Washington  gentlemen  right 
around  the  horns  and  pulling  them  up  to 
their  duty.  We  must  use  a  rope  of 
twisted  votes.  What  I  mean  by  “twisted” 
is  wound  and  strung  together  by  a  cast- 
iron  resolve  that  w'e  will  never  vote  for 
another  man  who  will  not  absolutely 
guarantee  to  work  for  a  parcels  post. 
That’s  my  position — under  no  circum¬ 
stances  whatever  will  I  ever  again  vote 
for  a  dodger  or  an  enemy  of  parcels 
post.  I  am  one  strand  in  the  rope.  Can 
-l  get  100,000  more?  Will  you  be  one? 
If  we  can  get  such  a  rope  around  their 
horns  they  will  have  to  come. 

I  would  consider  it  a  safe  bet  to  go  in 
debt  for  a  good  farm  if  I  could  find  some 
one  who  would  buy  one  and  then  lease  back 
to  me  for  six  per  cent  on  their  money 
plus  the  taxes  and  insurance.  1  would  set 
out  an  orchard,  improve  the  land,  treat  it 
as  my  own  and  have  the  privilege  of 
buying  it  at  the  cost  price  several  years 
hence.  They  would  not  get  any  more  from 
a  railroad  bond  when  it  came  due,  and 
have  no  margin  of  increased  value  as  af¬ 
forded  by  the  orchard  to  offset  my  failure 
to  take  up  the  option.  Hut  where  to  lind 
that  party?  The  woods  might  be  full  of 
people  who  have,  say  §5,000  to  invest,  but 
who  would  more  likely  fall  into  the  hands 
of  our  “Knight  of  the  Printed  Circular.” 

J.  u. 

Acting  the  part  of  financial  expert  or 
money  lender  is  very  “foreign  to  my  * 
nature,”  but  1  suppose  an  investor  would 
reason  about  this  way:  “If  1  put  my 

money  into  a  standard  bond  I  can  feel 

secure.  1  get  my  interest  regularly  and 
know  the  investment  is  safe.  I  can  get 
the  cash  at  almost  any  time  by  selling 
the  security.  On  the  other  hand,  if  I 
lend  money  on  the  proposed  apple* 
orchard  1  am  not  sure  of  anything.  If 
the  borrower  die  or  become  discouraged 
the  property  is  thrown  back  on  my 

hands.  A  half-developed  orchard  will_ 
not  sell  readily,  and  1  must  either  take 
hold  of  it  myself  and  work  it  out  or 
expect  to  have  dead  capital  on-  my 

hands.”  . 

That  would  not  apply  in  some  sections 
where  fruit  growing  is  an  established  in¬ 
dustry,  but  in  many  places  it  would.  As 
for  the  wildcat  and  fool  propositions  into 
which  people  put  their  money,  the 
orchard  would  pay  better  and  be  safer. 
Very  likely  some  investors  would  be 
better  off  if  they  had  to  work  it  out. 

1  have  heard  all  sorts  of  methods  for 
raising  farm  capital  suggested,  but  here 
is  a  new  one  to  me: 

I  would  like  to  got  in  touch  with  an 
elderly  respectable  woman  or  man  who 
has  the  money  and  willing  to  help  a  young 
couple  to  buy  farm  stock.  We  will  give 
to  said  person  a  permanent  home  at  very 
reasonable  rate  of  board,  and  good  care 
and  all  to  make  an  old  person  happy  and 
comfortable.  Can  give  best  of  references. 

Lehigh  Co.,  Pa.  A  subscriber. 

I  never  heard  of  that  before.  But 
speaking  of  raising  capital  for  farming 
it  is  a  legitimate  offer.  I  should  not 
care  to  try  either  side  of  the  arrange¬ 
ment,  but  it  might  be  possible  to  make 
a  fit.  h.  w.  c. 


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Available 

Nitrogen 

is  the  thing  in  practical 
fertilizing. 

Nitrate  of  Soda 

is  the  cheapest  and  most  available 
form  of  Nitrogen  for  all  crops. 

The  Cost  of  Available  Nitrate,”  Sent  Free 


«« ^ 

It  is  worth  dollars  to  you.  In  this  book  Prof.  Voorhees 
shows  how  the  American  farmer  could  have  saved 
$17,000,000  on  the  cost  of  nitrogen  in  1909.  Address 

Dr.  William  S.  Myers  ,  Director  of  Propaganda  71  Nassau  Street 

No  Branch  Offices  NEW  YORK 


BETTER  SAFE  THAN  SORRY 


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The  United  Factories  Company  consists  of  a  number  of  factories  co-operating  under  one  selling 
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The  United  Factories  Company,  Station  A-3U  Cleveland,  Ohio 


1911. 


THE  RURA.E  NEW-YORKER 


439 


Ruralisms 


Early-bearing  Quinces. 

I.  (No  Address). — What  quince  be&rs  the 
youngest  and  which  the  best? 

Ans. — The  Orange  quince  is  one  of  the 
earliest  to  bear,  and  the  Meech  and  Van 
Deman  are  also  early  bearers.  All  these 
three  are  practically  equal  in  their  bear¬ 
ing  qualities,  which  are  good  and  regular, 
but  the  latter  is  later  than  the  others. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 

Clematis  from  Seed. 

C.  H.  B.,  Connecticut. — Can  you  give  me 
a  few  points  on  growing  the  large-flowering 
Clematis  from  .seed? 

Ans. — The  seed  heads  should  be  gath¬ 
ered  as  soon  as  ripe,  and  stratified  in 
sand  until  the  following  Spring.  The 
seeds  are  then  sown  in  light  sandy  soil, 
and  placed  in  gentle  heat  until  they  ger¬ 
minate.  This  is  usually  done  in  the 
greenhouse,  but  we  have  heard  of  a  mild 
hotbed  being  used  for  this. 

Ants  in  Mushroom  Beds. 

31.  (No  Address). — I  have  started  some 
mushroom  beds,  and  they  are  badly  in¬ 
fested  with  the  common  ants.  What  can  I 
do  to  get  rid  of  the  little  pests,  also  other 
small  white  louse-like  quick  little  creatures? 

Ans. — Ants  are  sometimes  very  trou¬ 
blesome  in  mushroom  beds.  The  sim¬ 
plest  method  we  have  ever  found  for 
getting  rid  of  them  is  to  lay  fresh  bones 
around  the  infested  places.  They  will 
leave  everything  to  feed  on  these,  and 
when  thus  accumulated  may  be  easily 
destroyed.  T.  m.  white. 

Left-over  Lime-Sulphur  Mixture. 

What  shall  we  do  with  concentrated 
lime-sulphur  that  has  been  held  over  for 
a  year? 

Ans. — This  preparation  usually  keeps 
very  well,  and  can  be  used  after  stand¬ 
ing  a  year  or  more.  If  exposed  to  very 
low  temperatures,  however,  some  of  the 
sulphur  may  be  precipitated,  but  the 
clear  solution  left  would  still  be  per¬ 
fectly  good,  only  weakened.  The  usual 
directions  for  diluting  concentrated 
lime-sulphur,  that  is,  one  gallon  to  10 
gallons  of  water  for  San  Jose  scale,  and 
one  gallon  to  35  gallons  of  water  for 
Summer  spraying,  apply  to  preparations 
that  test  32°  or  more  on  the  Ban  me 
hydrometer.  If,  therefore,  material  that 
is  carried  over  from  one  season  to  the 
next  has  crystallized  or  precipitated,  the 
clear  solution  should  be  tested  with  the 
hydrometer,  and  if  it  runs  below  32° 
it  should  be  used  with  less  water.  For 
dormant  spraying,  the  water  should  be 
reduced  by  one-half  gallon  for  each  de¬ 
gree  below  32,  and  for  Summer  spray¬ 
ing,  one  gallon  for  each  degree  below  32. 

WM.  M.  SCOTT. 

Department  of  Agriculture. 

Pruning  Wistaria. 

A.  8.,  Qasport,  N.  Y. — Will  you  tell  me 
how  to  prune  a  Wistaria?  It  was  trans¬ 
planted  to  its  present  situation  nine  years 
ago  this  Spring.  It  has  grown  to  the  top 
of  the  house  and  the  ends  droop  from  the 
roof  where  the  stems  are  fastened.  There 
are  no  leaves  within  12  feet  of  the  ground 
and  it  has  never  blossomed.  I  have  a 
young  vine  started;  how  shall  I  treat  that? 

Ans. — The  Wistaria  should  be  pruned 
as  soon  as  flowering  is  over.  The  Spring 
flowers  are  produced  on  spurs,  the  scat¬ 
tering  second  bloom  in  August  or  Sep¬ 
tember  on  the  current  year’s  terminal 
shoots.  We  have  had  a  Wistaria  refuse 
to  bloom  until  it  was  set  15  years  or 
more,  so  the  inquirer’s  nine-year-old 
vine  does  not  seem  so  very  dilatory; 
still  it  is  discouraging  to  the  planter. 
Some  individual  plants  seem  more  pre¬ 
cocious  than  others.  Pruning  back  to 
spurs  every  season  induces  freedom  of 
bloom,  and  is,  we  believe,  usually  done 
in  Japan,  where  they  excel  the  world  in 
the  beauty  of  their  Wistarias.  But  per¬ 
sonally  we  would  not  try  to  prune  a 
Wistaria ;  when  let  alone  it  assumes 
such  a  gnarled  and  picturesque  beauty 
that  it  makes  up  for  tardiness  in  bloom¬ 
ing.  A  young  vine  will  not  start  off 
with  a  strong  growth  unless  the  ground 


contains  plenty  of  fertility,  for  though 
the  Wistaria  will  grow  in  light  soil  it 
enjoys  that  which  is  deep  and  rich.  It  is 
a  deep-rooting  plant,  and  is  often  half 
starved  by  being  set  in  a  sterile  place, 
as  for  example  near  a  porch  or  the  wall 
of  a  house  where  an  excavation  has  been 
filled  in  with  poor  subsoil.  It  will  pay 
to  dig  out  a  large  hole  and  fill  in  with 
rich  soil  before  planting. 

Larkspur  and  Medicinal  Herbs. 

L.  F.,  Leonid,  N.  J. — Will  you  give  me 
some  information  regarding  larkspur  seed? 
I  would  like  to  know  how  to  plant  it,  how 
to  prepare  the  soil,  when  to  plant,  how  to 
cultivate,  how  to  reap  and  when,  also  what 
kind  of  seeds  to  use,  as  we  would  like  to 
use  it  for  medical  purposes.  Also  let  me 
know  what  other  kind  of  medicinal  herbs  I 
could  plant  that  would  give  a  large  crop  on 
a  small  piece  of  ground. 

Ans. — Our  experience  is  limited  to  the 
ornamental  Delphiniums,  annual,  biennial 
and  perennial,  which  thrive  in  any  good 
garden  soil,  but  prefer  a  sunny  location 
in  rich,  deep  sandy  loam.  Seeds  may 
be  started  in  the  house  or  hotbed  in 
February  or  March,  transplanted  as 
they  need  room,  and  planted  out  when 
danger  of  frost  is  over.  Such  plants 
will  give  a  few  flowers  in  the  Fall,  but 
we  find  it  better  to  sow  new-crop  seed 
in  August  or  September,  which  gives 
good  plants  to  carry  over  Winter,  if 
watered  during  dry  weather,  and  there 
is  plenty  of  bloom  the  next  season. 
Perennial  larkspurs  are  also  propagated 
by  cuttings.  Most  of  the  larkspurs  are 
actively  poisonous,  the  variety  mostly 
used  medically  being  D.  Staphisagria,  or 
stavesacre.  Its  chief  use  is  in  destroying 
insect  parasites.  It  is  a  handsome  an¬ 
nual  or  biennial  plant,  native  to  the 
south  of  Europe;  we  would  treat  it  just 
like  the  ornamental  larkspurs  referred 
to  above,  giving  it  an  open  sunny  spot 
and  clean  culture.  The  seed  heads  should 
be  cut  when  dry,  but  before  they  shat¬ 
ter  and  dried,  thrashed  out  and  cleaned 
like  mustard.  We  doubt  whether  there 
would  be  any  demand  for  other  varie¬ 
ties  than  the  stavesacre;  we  believe  most 
of  this  seed  is  imported. 

The  growing  of  herbs  is  very  interest¬ 
ing,  but  we  do  not  think  it  very  re¬ 
munerative  where  the  only  outlet  is 
through  the  botanic  druggists.  If  a 
man  has  facilities,  through  his  other 
lines  of  trade,  for  selling  green  culinary 
herbs  he  may  do  better.  Common  gar¬ 
den  herbs  of  both  medicinal  and  culin¬ 
ary  value  are  sage,  thyme,  savory,  mint 
and  peppermint,  all  of  which  grow  lux¬ 
uriantly  with  little  care  in  our  own  gar¬ 
den ;  tarragon  and  marjoram  seem  to 
need  more  care.  Purely  medicinal  (and 
very  ornamental)  are  foxgloves  (Digi¬ 
talis)  and  monk’s-hood  (Aconitum), 
both  deadly  poisons;  wormwood  (Arte¬ 
misia);  hyssop;  Lobelia  inflata ;  tansy; 
camomile,  valerian ;  dill ;  horsemint 
(Monarda);  origanum;  boneset ;  laven¬ 
der  (though  we  have  hard  work  to  get 
much  growth  on  lavender  in  a  garden  in 
this  inquirer’s  locality).  This  list  could 
be  much  extended,  and  a  very  interest¬ 
ing  “physic  garden”  secured,  but  *  we 
doubt  whether  large  returns  could  be 
expected  through  the  ordinary  channels 
of  trade.  Perhaps  some  one  engaged  in 
the  work  can  give  us  definite  informa¬ 
tion. 


BATTELLE  RENWICK 

163  FRONT  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

POWDERED  SULPHUR 
“BROOKLYN  BRAND” 

LARGELY  USED  BY  ORCHARD! STS  AND  FOR 
SPRAYING  PURPOSES 


"ONE,  FOR  All*  No.  1 

VJ-  OWTH  TO  IN»CCT*  4  ruNOI 

Barrels.  425  lba_ _  -  at.  |g, 

>^Bbli..20Glbs_^. 

SO  IK-  i  |  i  I,  «yf  “ 

'  25  Iba^ 


r  O.  O  NEW  YORK; 

Wool  Greaxe,  Arsenate  of  Lead,  Lime-Sulphur 
Combined.  A  Contact  and  Poison  Spray. 

Aft  Insecticide  &  Fungicide./ 

OnlyThing  Needed  For  all  Pests  or  FungtaC 
WRITE  FOR  BOOKLET.; 

MANHATTAN  OIL  COMPANY 

EarabjiVB.d  1983 

$llFront  Street  New  YorN 


PEAR 


PSYLLA 


it 


Tlie  worst  enemy  of  the  Pear  growers  can 
not  be  controlled  with  lime  sulphur,  but 


99 


used  in  the  Spring  just  before  leafing  will  not  only 
control  the  Psylla  hut  San  Jose  Scale  and  all 
fungus  troubles  controllable  in  the  dormant  season. 

PRICES:  In  barrels  and  half  barrels,  60c  per  gallon;  10 
gallon  cans,  86.00;  B  gallon  cans,  $3.26;  1  gallon  cans,  $1.00. 
Conclusive  proofs  in  Booklets,  "Orchard  Dividends ”  and 
“Modem  Methods  of  Harvesting,  Grading  and  Packing 
Apples.”  Both  free. 

If  you  want  cheap  oils,  our  “CARBOLEINE”  at  30c 
per  gallon  is  the  equal  of  anything  else. 

B.  G.  PRATT  CO.,  Mfg.  Chemists, 

BO  Chnrch  St.,  Netv  York  City. 

SPRAY 

fruits  and  field  crops 
with  best  effect —  least  ex¬ 
pense— less  time,  for  big¬ 
gest  profits.  No  other 
sprayers  as  good  as 

Brown’s  Hand  and  Power  | 

AUTO¬ 
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_ _ _  40  styles,  sizes  and  prices  | 

.  ,  --  spraying  guide  In  our 

book,  sent  free  for  name  on  postal. 

Choose  any  auto-spray — it  is  guar- 
anteed  to  satisfy  youcompletely. 

Used  by  the  U.  S.  Government  and 
State  Experiment  Stations  . 

•na  300,000  othere.  AutoSpray  No.  1 — ideal  outfit  I 
for  5  acres  of  potatoes  or  1  aero  of  trees.  Auto* 

Spray  No.  11  for  larger  operations.  We  hare  Qas- 
olino  and  Traction  Power  Auto-Sprays  for  largest  1 
orchards  and  fields.  W rite  now  for  valuable  book. 

THE  E.  C.  BROWN  COMPANY 
28  Jay  St.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


Q  DP  A  V  Adopted  by  the  N.Y.  State  Fruit  Growers’  Asa’n 
OrnAI  IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  USE  EITHER. 


PASTE  OR  POWDERED 
FOR  ALL  LEAF  EATING  INSECTS 
RESPONSIBLE  DISTRIBUTERS  andAGENTS  WANTED 

KEY  BRAND 

BIGHT  PRICE  and  MATERIAL 

FUNGICIDE  AN »  INSECTICIDE 
—  ,  USE 

r 

INTERSTATE  CHEMICAL  CO. 

14  BAYVIEW  AVE..JERSEY  CITY.  N.J. 
WRITE  FOR  PRICES, CIRCULARS  ETC.  CORRESPONDENCE  SOLICITED- 


Spray  Now 

for  the  Codling  Moth.  By  the  time 
the  majority  of  the  petals  have  fallen 
the  eggs  of  this  moth  have  hatched 
and  the  worms  are  crawling  toward 
the  calyx  end  of  the  tiny  fruit,  where 
they  will  enter  if  not  prevented.  A 
thorough  spraying  fills  the  calyx  cup 
and  protects  the  fruit  by  poisoning 
the  insects.  The  best  results  are  ob¬ 
tained  by  spraying  with 

Sherwin-Williams 
New  Process 
Arsenate  of  Lead 

because  it  is  rightly  made.  It  is  not 
an  acid  arsenic  preparation,  but  a 
thoroughly  neutralized  paste  formed 
of  Arsenic  and  Lead.  This  prod¬ 
uct  contains  practically  no  free  ar¬ 
senic  and  therefore  will  not  burn  the 
most  delicate  foliage.  It  is  flocculent, 
stays  wellin  suspension  and  throws  an 
even  and  poisonous  spray  which  ad¬ 
heres  to  the  foliage  for  months,  mak¬ 
ing  it  very  economical  for  the  fruit 
grower.  Send  for  our  spray  book. 

The  Sherwin-Williams  Co. 

G35  Canal  Road 
Cleveland, 

Ohio  toia 


Sent  free,  “Spraying ,  a 

Profitable  investment.'' 


Spray  30  Acres  a  Day 

Potatoes,  Small  Fruits,  Vines 

Spraying  that  counts.  6  rows  at  a  time  with  force  to  do 
work  right.  Foliage  sprayed  all  over,  under  as  well  as 
on  top.  The  Perfection  Sprayer  is  also  great  at  orchard 
work.  Spray  trees  by  hand.  Eusy  to  maintain  15» 
pounds  pressure  with  two  nozzle,  going.  Strong  60 
gaUon  tank,  perfect  agitation,  absolutely  best  spray 
pump  made.  Spray  pipes  fold  up— you  can 
drive  close  to  trees  and  in  narrow  places. 
Over  23  years  a  sprayer  builder.  I  know  re¬ 
quirements,  and  I  know  the  Perfection  is 
right.  Over  lOOO  In  use, 
all  giving  satisfaction. 
Write  for  Free  Catalog. 
Don’t  bny  any  sprayer 
'"'it  comes. 


THOMAS 
PEPPLER 
Box  45,HigMstown,H.J. 


SPRAT 


’Watson  OSPRAYMO  4- ROW 
High  Pressure  Potato  Sprayer 

Never  damages  foliage,  but  always  reaches  bugs,  worms,  and 
other  foliage-eating  insects.  Has  all  improvements,— adjustable 
wheel  width,  spray  and  pressure  instantly  regulated.  Capacity  80  to  40 
acres  a  day.  free  formula  book.  Send  for  instruction  book  showing  the 
famous  Garfield,  Leader,  Empire  King  and  other  sprayers. 

FIELD  FOKCK  PUMP  CO.,  2  Kleventh  St.,  Klmlra,  N.  Y. 


Fruit  Sprayed  with 

Bowker’s**  Pyrox” 

UlOrG  HlOnGV  ^>ecatlse  ^  ^ree  fr°m  injury  by  worms, 
®  "  scab,  etc.  Over  300  testimonials  in  our 

new  catalogue  show  the  great  value  of  this  preparation  on  all  kinds  of  fruits 
and  vegetables.  Pyrox  serves  two  purposes  ;  it  kills  insects  and  prevents  dis¬ 
ease  and  blemish.  It  adheres  to  the  foliage  even  through  heavy  rains,  saving 
labor  and  cost  of  re-spraying.  Perfectly  safe.  It  is  all  ready  to  use  by  mixing 
with  cold  water.  Every  grower  who  seeks  fruit  and  vegetables  free  from 
blemish  needs  “Pyrox,”  the  “one  best  spray.”  It 

“Fills  the  barrel  with  the  kind  they  used  to  put  on  Top” 

Send  for  new  catalogue  with  photograph  of  sprayed  and  unsprayed  fruit  in 
original  colors.  Will  convince  the  most  skeptical.  Say  how  many  and  what 
kinds  of  fruit  trees,  or  how  many  acres  of  potatoes  you  have  to  spray,  and  ask 
for  special  prices.  We  ship  from  Boston,  Baltimore,  and  Cincinnati. 

ROWlfPP  INSECTICIDE  COMPANY, 

D\/  TT  XY  X!j  XV  43  CHATHAM  STREET,  BOSTON,  MASS. 


440 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER’S  PAPER. 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes. 

Established,  1850. 

Pnblliked  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  Street,  Hew  York, 

Herbert  W.  Collingwood,  President  and  Editor, 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Hoyle,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR. 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  $2.04,  equal  to 
8s.  6d.,  or  8^  marks,  or  10*2  francs.  Remit  in  money  order, 
express  order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 


Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  timr 
orders.  References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to 
us;  and  cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL.” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a 
responsible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any 
loss  to  paid  subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler 
advertising  in  our  columns,  and  any  such  swmdlerwill  be  publicly  ex¬ 
posed.  We  protect  subcribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee 
to  adjust  trifling  differences  between  subscribers  and  honest,  respon¬ 
sible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be  responsible  for  the  debts  of 
honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts.  Notice  of  the  complaint 
must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of  the  transaction, 
and  you  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorkee  when 
writing  the  advertiser. 

TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 

known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

Let’s  see,  President  Taft  and  Secretary  of  Agricul¬ 
ture  Wilson  were  to  begin  a  campaign  to  educate  the 
farmers  on  “reciprocity.”  The  President  made  a 
speech. and  the  Secretary  gave  out  an  interview.  Since 
then  a  great  silence  has  fallen  upon  them.  Can  it  be 
that  they  have  learned  at  last  that  the  farmers  of  this 

country  mean  to  think  and  act  for  themselves? 

* 

Before  the  end  of  April  the  Interstate  Commerce 
Commission  will  probably  decide  a  question  of  ex¬ 
press  rates  which  will  have  a  great  bearing  on  the  fu¬ 
ture.  There  will  probably  be  a  great  overhauling  of 
express  rates  and  we  hope  the  Commission  will  go  to 
the  bottom  of  the  matter.  The  law  passed  last  Winter 
gave  the  Commission  power  to  act.  The  way  the  rail¬ 
road  rate  question  was  settled  makes  us  hopeful  that 
the  express  companies  will  get  just  what  they  de¬ 
serve — no  more,  no  less. 

* 

No  doubt  about  it,  some  of  the  apple  growers  begin 
to  shake  their  heads  over  the  outlook.  Trees  are 
being  planted  by  the  million — many  of  them  in  the 
most  business-like  way.  What  can  be  done  with  the 
fruit  when  all  these  trees  come  in  bearing?  If  we 
assumed  that  everyone  now  had  fruit  enough  there 
could  be  but  one  answer  to  the  question.  As  it  is,  not 
one  person  in  10  living  in  our  cities  has  all  the  apples 
he  wants.  Go  into  any  town  and  ask  the  people  you 
meet  at  random  about  this.  They  all  want  more 
apples — at  a  fair  price.  This  would  mean  a  living 
price  to  growers  if  they  could  in  some  way  deal  more 
directly  with  consumers.  There  would  be  a  good  de¬ 
mand  for  twice  the  apples  anywhere  in  sight  if  dis¬ 
tribution  could  be  arranged  so  as  to  let  the  people 
have  them  at  fair  prices.  All  these  people  who  are 
planting  apples  are  more  than  interested  in  analyzing 
the  consumer’s  dollar.  That  will  .be  even  more  im¬ 
portant  than  the  orchard. 

* 

A  littee  thing,  very  simple  in  itself,  may  often 
make  a  great  difference  in  a  large  business.  Such  a 
thing  is  the  steamer  for  plant  bed  soils  shown  on  the 
first  page.  Gardeners  will  tell  you  how  much  they 
have  lost  by  trying  to  start  their  young  plants  in 
soil  which  is  full  of  weed  seeds  and  disease  germs. 
The  Southern  tobacco  grower  who  turns  over  a  piece 
cf  ground  in  which  to  start  the  plants  and  the  North¬ 
ern  farmer  who  sows  late  cabbage  seed  after  spad¬ 
ing  the  soil  under  a  bonfire  knows  the  value  of 
clean  soil.  This  idea  of  a  heavy  iron  pan  bottom 
side  up  to  hold  the  steam  over  the  loose  soil  is  sim¬ 
ple  enough  and  is  just  as  effective.  The  steam,  un¬ 
der  pressure,  kills  weeds  and  germs  and  leaves  the 
soil  just  right  for  seeding.  Mr.  Shamel  says  he  got 
his  idea  of  this  from  using  a  wagon  box  with  cloth 
spread  over  it.  This  steaming  pan  is  a  perfect  suc¬ 
cess,  and  should  be  brought  to  the  attention  of  all 
who  raise  seedlings. 

A  few  years  ago  most  people  regarded  the  mos¬ 
quito  pest  as  they  did  a  cold  wind  or  a  hot  sun. 
About  all  you  could  do  was  to  endure  it  and  pro¬ 
tect  yourself.  Now  we  know  more  about  .the  pest. 
It  cannot  breed  except  in  stagnant  water.  If  there 
are  no  dead  ponds  nearby  most  of  us  get  our 
supply  out  of  old  tin  cans  or  tubs  left  where  they 
will  be  partly  filled  with  water.  Half  a  dozen 
such  cans  will  populate  a  farmhouse  for  the  season. 
The  adult  mosquito  which  will  be  responsible  for 
this  year’s  crop  has  probably  wintered  in  your  house 
cellar.  When  the  days  grow  warm  she  will  come 
out,  hunt  for  stagnant  water,  and  lay  her  eggs.  A 
thorough  fumigation  with  Jimson  weed  right  now 


THE  RUR_A.I>  NEW-YORKER 

will  kill  many  of  these  adults.  Eight  ounces  of 
powdered  Jimson  weed  (Datura  stramonium)  will 
fumigate  100  cubic  feet.  With  this  cellar  fumigation 
and  emptying  all  vessels  and  puddles  which  might 
hold  water,  the  mosquito  pest  will  be  cut  down  by 
75  per  cent.  A  few  will  blow  in  from  other  lo¬ 
calities,  but  the  home  crop  is  the  worst. 

* 

Plant  corn!  Plant  corn!  Plant  corn! 

That  advice  does  not  cost  you  anything  extra,  but 
it  may  mean  a  lot  of  money.  No  matter  what  reci¬ 
procity  does  to  potatoes,  hay  or  milk,  it  cannot  mean 
greater  imports  of  corn.  Canada  is  not  a  corn  produc¬ 
ing  country.  The  Canadians  want  our  corn.  There 
are  still  thousands  of  old  pasture  or  meadow  lands 
at  the  East  which  as  they  are,  barely  pay  taxes.  The 
meadows  are  kept  alive  by  using  fertilizers,  but  the 
grass  is  old  and  cannot  yield  much.  The  pastures 
give  little,  and  are  getting  more  and  more  foul  with 
brush  and  weeds.  It  will  pay  to  plow  as  much  of  this 
old  sod  land  as  you  can  handle  well  and  plant  corn, 
using  some  fertilizer  to  start  and  harden  the  crop. 
In  this  way  you  can  get  a  good  crop  of  grain  and 
stalk  and  get  the  ground  in  shape  for  grain  or  re¬ 
seeding.  We  have  taken  these  old  grass  fields,  worked 
them  into  corn  in  this  way  and  seeded  to  rye  in  the 
corn — working  lime  in  at  the  last  cultivation.  This  is 
the  quickest  and  easiest  way  we  know  of  to  help  out 
the  grain  supply  on  many  an  Eastern  farm.  These 
old  fields  have  been  accumulating  plant  food  for  years. 

Corn  is  just  the  crop  to  take  it  out  for  you. 

* 

Those  articles  by  Chas.  R.  White  on  cooperation 
are  valuable  because  they  give  the  experience  .of  a  real 
farmers’  association.  It  must  be  evident  to  everyone 
by  this  time  that  the  surplus  middlemen  will  never 
voluntarily  give  up  their  share  of  the  consumer’s  dol¬ 
lar.  It  is  just  as  true  that  the  Government  cannot; 
even  if  it  were  willing  to  try,  put  more  of  the  white 
meat  of  that  dollar  on  the  farmer’s  plate.  The  his¬ 
tory  of  business  development  shows  that  organization 
is  the  foundation  of  success.  In  the  nature  of  the 
case  it  is  harder  for  farmers  to  get  together  than  for 
merchants,  railroad  men  or  manufacturers,  yet  we 
must  learn  to  do  so  if  we  expect  to  get  our  share. 
Farm  organizations  seem  to  be  more  successful  in  the 
West,  largely  because  the  people  in  a  new  country  do 
not  have  such  deep  prejudices  or  suspicions  as  in 
older  sections.  It  seems  evident  that  there  can  be  no 
successful  organization  unless  a  few  strong  men  are 
willing  to  practice  self-denial  and  patience.  No  man 

who  is  easily  discouraged  should  undertake  the  job. 

* 

The  conviction  is  growing  among  farmers  who 
have  really  studied  the  question  that  there  should 
be  in  this  country  a  political  party  much  like  that 
in  Germany  known  as  the  Agrarian.  That  repre¬ 
sents  a  group  of  legislators  or  public  men  who 

labor  first  of  all  to  obtain  justice  for  agriculture. 
These  men  may  take  sides  with  one  great  political 
party  or  the  other  on  many  public  questions,  but* 

when  it  comes  to  the  farm  and  farming  they  act 

together  solidly  for  what  they  believe  will  best  help 
their  business.  Acting  in  this  way  the  Agrarians 

have  been  of  great  service  to  German  agriculture. 
It  needs  but  a  moment’s  ‘thought  to  see  how  such  a 
pa,rty  .would  help  American  agriculture.  In  this 
country  our  public  men  are  either  Democrats  or  Re¬ 
publicans.  There  may  be  a  few  “insurgents.”  but, 
generally  speaking,  the  things  which  vitally  affect 
agriculture  are  mixed  up  with  other  “demands”  or 
“issues”  and  decided  on  party  lines.  What  real  chance 
has  the  farmer  under  such  an  arrangement?  His 
business  is  wide  and  diversified  and  his  friends  are 
unorganized.  The  other  interests  are  compact  and 
organized,  and  under  the  present  division  of  party 
lines  they  can  always  get  first  choice  of  legislation. 
Tf  we  had  a  party  or  group  like  the  German  Agrarians 
our  farmers  would  have  a  far  better  chance.  In 
this  country,  for  more  than  a  century,  our  people 
have  been  trained  to  divide  on  certain  party  lines 
so  that  it  has  been  impossible  to  settle  some  of  the 
great  agricultural  questions  on  their  true  merits.  As  a 
result  the  farmers  of  Germany,  France,  England  and 
Canada  have  secured  far  more  favorable  legislation 
than  American  farmers  enjoy.  Politically  the 
farmers  at  ,the  North  have  been  chiefly  concerned 
in  keeping  up  the  Republican  party,  while  Southern 
farmers  have  in  like  manner  carried  the  Democratic 
party.  When  men  spend  their  lives  toiling  for  others 
their  own  job  is  neglected.  That  is  just  what  has 
happened  to  the  farmers  of  America.  We  need 
a  party  or  a  ‘group  of  men  in  public  life  who  will, 
first  of  all,  act  like  the  German  Agrarians  to  give 
agriculture  a  fair  showing  with  other  industries.  Our 
farmers  do  not  want  special  privileges,  but  they  do 
want  fair  treatment.  We  might  as  well  conclude 
that  under  the  present  division  of  political  thought 
we  shall  not  get  it. 


April  1, 

“Tariff  reduction”  as  illustrated  by  the  Canadian 
reciprocity  agreement  seems  to  mean  free  trade  in 
farm  products  and  just  as  little  reduction  on  manu¬ 
factured  goods  as  is'  possible.  If  this  plan  is  carried 
out  to  the  end  our  farmers  will  face  serious  com¬ 
petition  from  Argentina.  That  country  is  developing 
rapidly,  and  is  producing  wheat,  corn  and  meat  in 
large  quantities.  It  is  the  only  country  at  present 
which  promises  to  compete  with  our  farmers  in  the 
production  of  corn.  Several  shipments  have  already 
been  made  and  more  will  follow.  While  Argentina 
has  a  fertile  soil  and  good  climate,  her  two  chief  ad¬ 
vantages  are  Alfalfa  and  liberal  land  laws.  During 
the  past  20  years  it  has  become  almost  a  national 
policy  to  encourage  the  cultivation  of  Alfalfa.  It  is 
often  a  part  of  the  terms  of  contract  or  sale  of  land 
to  immigrants  that  Alfalfa  must  be  grown.  The  re¬ 
sult  of  this  has  been  cheaper  meat  production  and 
more  fertile  soil.  The  time  will  surely  come  when 
the  nation  which  encourages  the  growth  of  clover  and 
Alfalfa  will  have  a  clear  advantage  over  rival  nations 
which  do  not  foster  these  crops.  The  land  laws  of 
Argentina  are  framed  so  as  to  attract  the  best  class 
of  European  immigrants  and  give  them  a  fair  chance. 
The  country  has  been  developed  on  the  theory  that 
agriculture  represented  the  foundation  industry  and 
was  therefore  entitled  to  first  choice  and  first  place 
in  legislation.  Thus  it  appears  that  our  main  com¬ 
petition  in  .farm  products  is  to  come  from  Canada 
and  Argentina — two  countries  in  which  farmers  have 
more  practical  help  than  our  own  government  affords, 

and  actual  financial  help  as  well. 

* 

We  doubt  if  there  has  ever  been  a  time  in  the  his¬ 
tory  of  this  country  when  greater  efforts  were  made 
to  sell  land  in  “colonies.”  The  mails  are  full  of  the 
most  plausible  statements  which  lead  a  man  to  think 
that  for  a  few  cents  a  day  he  can  buy  a  farm  of 
strong  land  in  an  ideal  situation.  The  most  glowing 
offers  are  from  the  South.  Usually  the  promoters  se¬ 
cure  a  tract  of  land  on  tax  sales  for  a  few  cents  per 
acre  and  offer  it  at  $25  or  more.  We  may  take  as  a 
typical  case  an  offer  recently  made  to  advertise  a 
tract  of  land  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  The  cash  for  the  ad¬ 
vertising  came  with  the  order,  and  it  was  mild  and 
reasonable  in  statement.  After  an  investigation  we 
refused  the  advertisement  and  returned  the  cash.  We 
learned  that  the  land  in  question  was  really  strong 
and  fertile.  Compare  it  as  soil  with  the  land  on  most 
northern  farms  and  it.  would  show  to  great  advantage. 
“Shipping  facilities”  were  also  good,  as  the  land  lies 
close  to  two  large  railroads.  There  can  be  no  doubt 
that  early  vegetables  and  fruit  can  be  grown  on  this 
soil  by  those  who  know  how  to  handle  it.  Thus  far 
the  claims  of  the  promoters  were  fair,  but  they 
did  not  go  on  and  tell  the  more  important  things 
which  an  immigrant  should  consider. 

Go  to  church  or  Sunday  school  in  this  section  and 
you  would  find  people  yellow  as  an  orange,  children 
that  did  not  jump  and  play,  and  great  sad  eyes  that 
looked  out  of  fever-stricken  souls.  For  this  good  soil 
and  good  shipping  location  was  in  a  low,  fever- 
stricken  district  where  a  northern  man  would  lose  his 
energy  within  a  year.  He  would  go  there  high  in 
hopes,  based  on  the  business  possibilities,  only  to  face 
a  sure  struggle  with  fever  and  disease.  Some  men  do 
fairly  well  in  this  district.  They  are  strong  enough  to 
become  immune  after  years  of  sickness  or  they  are 
able  to  live  in  the  mountains  during  the  hot  and  moist 
Summer  months.  The  average  northern  immigrant 
cannot  do  this.  He  must  stay  on  his  land  and  work 
out  his  home.  We  could  not  conscientiously  put  such 
a  proposition  before  our  people,  though  the  men  back 
of  the  land  sale  are  well  known  and  the  claims  are 
not  extravagant.  This  is  but  one  case  of  dozens 
which  have  made  it  necessary  for  us  to  take  the  stand 
we  do  regarding  colony  land  sales.  There  are  no 
doubt  cases  where  a  change  of  location  would  help  a 
farmer  but  we  have  yet  to  find  a  “land  boom” 
scheme  which  we  can  recommend.  Before  you  buy 
land  in  these  colonies  read  “Martin  Chuzzlewit,”  by 
Charles  Dickens — even  if  you  have  read  it  before. 

BREVITIES. 

For  best  results  harrow  in  the  lime. 

It  looks  bad  for  the  Georgia  peach  crop. 

The  Winter  vacation  is  about  over — spring  in ! 

Do  not  trust  to  “average”  figures.  Get  the  limits  before 
you  decide. 

Remember  the  bill !  It  is  Assembly  bill  590  intro¬ 
duced  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  by  Mr.  Collin  Its  object  is  to 
make  the  commission  men  show  their  record  of  sales 
and  be  subject  to  supervision.  The  bill  is  a  just  one  and 
is  needed.  New  York  State  readers  should  at  once  get  at 
the  men  who  represent  them  at  Albany  and  urge  them  to 
support  this  bill. 

A  few  facts  about  hen  manure.  Keep  it  perfectly  dry 
and  there  will  be  little  loss  of  ammonia.  Crush  or  grind 
it  up  fine  for  best’  use.  As  a  fertilizer  it  is  comparatively 
rich  in  nitrogen  and  weak  in  potash  and  phosphoric  acid — 
therefore  ground  bone  or  acid  phosphate  and  potash  are 
the  chemicals  to  use  with  it.  Of  course  lime  or  wood 
ashes  should  never  be  mixed  with  it. 


1911. 


441 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

The  Savings  of  a  Lifetime  Lost  in 
a  Day. 

Though  I  do  not  see  your  paper  I  under¬ 
stand  you  have  been  exposing  the  transac¬ 
tions  of  E.  G.  Lewis  and  his  business  as¬ 
sociates  of  University  City,  Mo.  I  feel 
it  a  duty  I  owe  to  the  public  to  relate  my 
experience  with  these  men,  in  the  hope 
that  it  may  save  others  from  being  victim¬ 
ized  as  I  have  been.  “I  will  a  plain  un¬ 
varnished  tale  deliver,”  contenting  myself 
with  stating  facts  and  leaving  my  readers 
to  draw  their  own  inferences.  Let  me  pre¬ 
mise  by  saying  that  I  am  a  minister,  old, 
in  broken  health,  and  no  longer  able  y 
earn  a  living.  In  casting  about  for  a  sa 
and  profitable  investment  for  the  little  v  > 
had  been  able  to  save,  we  (my  wife  and 
noticed,  in  the  National  Woman’s  Daily,  eu- 
ited  by  E.  G.  Lewis,  an  advertisement  by 
the  Realty  and  Development  Co.  They 
wanted  to  borrow  money  to  improve  their 
real  estate,  and  offered  their  note  at  six 
per  cent.,  with  ample  real  estate  security. 
We  sent  them  $200,  and  after  waiting  about 
two  months  finally  got  tbe  note.  This  was 
in  .Tune,  1909.  We  have  that  note  still,  but 
have  never  received  any  interest  except  for 
the  first  six  months,  which  was  payable  in 
advance,  though  one  payment  was  due  last 
June  and  another  in  December.  We  have 
written  several  times  about  this,  both  to 
the  Realty  and  Development  Company  and 
the  Savings  Trust  Co.,  trustees,  but  no  at¬ 
tention  to  our  demand  has  been  given  by 
either.  Last  Summer  at  the  request  of 
the  Realty  and  Development  Co.,  we  sent 
them  our  pass  book  to  have  the  interest 
credited,  and  it  has  never  come  back,  though 
we  have  written  about  it  several  times.  This 
pass  book  contained  the  only  evidence  we 
had  of  another  claim  against  them,  and  so 
we  are  not  now  able  to  prove  that  claim, 
otherwise  than  by  our  own  affidavits.  In 
May,  1910,  before  our  suspicions  were 
aroused  we  sent  the  Realty  and  Develop¬ 
ment  Co.  $600  more.  We  had  to  wait 
about  five  months,  wrote  several  letters  and 
threatened  exposure  before  we  could  get  the 
notes  for  this.  We  wrote  two  letters  to 
E.  G.  Lewis,  the  president,  personally, 
but  never  received  any  answer  to  either. 
We  wrote  four  to  the  company,  two  of 
which  were  not  answered,  and  the  other 
two  merely  said  that  they  had  been  de¬ 
layed  in  sending  out  those  notes,  but  hoped 
to  send  them  soon,  but  have  never  given 
any  reason  for  the  delay. 

Soon  after  receiving  the  notes  we  received 
a  circular  describing  certain  debenture 
bonds  which  they  were  issuing  to  refund 
and  consolidate  all  the  debts  of  all  their 
half  dozen  companies.  They  asked  us  to 
exchange  our  notes  for  these  bonds,  which 
were  to  bear  two  per  cent,  the  first  year 
and  increase  at  the  late  of  one  per  cent, 
per  annum  till  it  reached  six  per  cent.  By 
this  time  we  had  lost  all  confidence  in 
them,  but  they  had  our  mouey,  and  the 
only  question  for  us  was  bow  we  could  best 
get  it  back.  With  much  hesitation  we  finally 
decided  to  exchange  the  $600  and  sent  the 
notes  to  the  Trust  Co.  as  requested.  Again 
we  had  to  wait  nearly  three  months  and 
threaten  exposure,  but  finally  the  bonds 
came,  one  for  $500  and  one  for  $100.  But 
the  conditions  were  so  changed  as  to  make  it 
practically  a  new  contract.  The  circular 
described  them  as  five-year  bonds,  with  all 
the  net  earnings  of  ail  the  companies  to 
be  divided  during  the  five  years,  then  large¬ 
ly  increasing  the  income.  The  bonds  proved 
to  be  10-year  bonds,  and  the  earnings  were 
not  to  be  divided  till  the  end  of  the  10 
years.  We  immediately  sent  them  back  and 
demanded  our  notes.  In  about  a  week  the 
$100  bond  came  back  with  no  explanation 
whatever  of  the  change.  We  promptly  wrote 
positively  refusing  to  receive  the  bonds 
and  peremptorily  demanding  our  notes.  To 
this  we  have  received  no  answer,  though 
there  has  been  ample  time.  The  notes  and 
the  $500  bond  the  Trust  Co.  still  have, 
and  all  we  have  to  show  for  our  $800  and’ 
nearly  two  years’  correspondence  and  worry 
is  a  bond  for  $100  and  a  note  for  $200  on 
which  we  can  get  no  interest.  To  a  young 
man  the  experience  might  be  worth  what 
' t  has  cost  us,  but  to  an  old  man,  poor 
and  unable  to  work,  it  comes  too  high.  You 
are  at  liberty  to  publish  this  over  my  name. 
Eagle  Grove,  la.  p.  E.  voiik. 

We  can  add  little  to  that  simple  and 
pitiable  tale  of  the  loss  of  a  lifetime  of 
savings  in  the  hope  of  providing  against 
the  wants  of  old  age.  It  is  in  the 
face  of  such  records  that  Mr.  Lewis  at¬ 
tempts  to  bluff  the  National  Govern¬ 
ment  out  of  an  investigation  of  his 
methods  of  getting  money  from  country 
people  through  the  agency  of  the  post 
office  facilities.  If  his  paper  has  any 
other  function  than  the  exploitation  of 
the  Lewis  schemes  to  collect  money  in 
this  way,  we  have  not  discovered  what 
those  other  functions  are.  Lewis  is  now 
making  a  desperate  effort  to  induce  the 
Postmaster  General  to  admit  his  paper 
as  a  weekly  to  second-clas'S  mail  privi¬ 
leges,  and  equally  strenuous  efforts  are 
being  made  to  head  off  the  inquiry  of 
such  transactions  as  the  above  by  the 
Federal  Grand  Jury.  Decent  people 
whose  blood  boils  against  such  outrages 
as  described  above  by  Rev.  Mr.  York, 
should  write  Frank  H.  Hitchcock,  Post¬ 
master  General,  Washington,  D.  C.,  and 
protest  against  the  use  of  the  U.  S.  mails 
for  such  purposes;  and  at  the  same  time 
write  Hon.  Geo.  W.  Wickersham,  At¬ 
torney-General,  Washington,  D.  C.,  and 
insist  on  the  investigation  of  the  Lewis 
schemes  by  the  Federal  Grand  Jury, 
ihis  is  a  duty  you  owe  to  decency  and 
honesty,  whether  you  have  lost  money 
by  Lewis  or  not.  Strengthen  the  hands 
of  the  Government  officials  by  the  as¬ 
surance  that  you  do  not  want  the  agen¬ 
cies  of  your  Government  used  to  swindle 
old  people  out  of  their  savings. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — Thirty  or  more  men  were 
caught  March  15  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  in 
the  collapse  of  the  J.  II.  Fall  building  that 
was  gutted  by  fire  on  March  5.  Eleven 
were  rescued  alive.  All  but  a  few  of  the 
men  caught  under  the  pile  of  brick,  stone 
and  mortar  were  negro  laborers. 

Charles  College,  four  miles  above  Ellieott 
City,  Md.,  burned  March  16.  When  the 
fire  began  the  students  and  faculty  joined 
in  the  fight  against  the  flames,  but  though 
they  organized  a  bucket  brigade  they  made 
little  impression  upon  the  fire.  St.  Charles 
College  was  a  classical  boarding  col¬ 
lege  of  the  Catholic  Church.  The  site,  em¬ 
bracing  700  acres,  was  given  by  Charles 
Carroll  of  Carrollton,  who  laid  the  corner¬ 
stone.  The  loss  is  estimated  at  $300,000. 
Insurance,  $175,000. 

Indictments  were  returned  at  Chicago, 
March  16,  against  nine  men  in  connection 
with  the  Alaska  coal  land  frauds  by  the 
'Federal  Grand  Jury.  The  men  indicted 
are  A.  C.  Frost,  a  Chicago  capitalist ;  George 
*1.  Seward,  receiver  of  the  Frost  estate; 
Pierre  Beach,  secretary  of  the  Alaska  Cen¬ 
tral  Railroad  and  a  Chicago  lawyer ;  Frank 
Watson  of  Seattle,  Wash. ;  George  A.  Ball 
of  Muncie,  Ind.  ;  Duncan  M.  Stewart  of 
Seward,  Alaska  ;  Henry  G.  Osborne,  Toronto, 
Ont. ;  Gwynn  L.  Francis,  Toronto,  Out. ; 
Francis  II.  Stewart,  Toronto,  Ont.  The 
land  involved  is  said  to  be  valued  at 
$10,000,006. 

The  Pennsylvania  State  Supreme  Court 
March  16  refused  a  change  of  venue  to 
Frank  N.  Iloffstot,  president  of  the  Pressed 
Steel  Car  Company  and  of  the  German 
National  Bank  of  Allegheny,  who  is  un¬ 
der  bribery  and  conspiracy  indictments  in 
connection  with  the  Pittsburg  graft  cases. 
Iloffstot  in  his  petition  set  forth  that 
he  is  a  resident  and  citizen  of  New  York, 
and  president  of  several  large  industrial 
plants  and  that  he  feared  because  of  his 
connection  with  labor  troubles  at  his  plants 
in  Allegheny  county  and  because  of  pub¬ 
lications  concerning  the  graft  exposure  he 
would  be  unable  to  get  a  fair  and  impartial 
trial  in  the  courts  of  Allegheny  county.  The 
petitioner  also  made  an  unsuccessful  at¬ 
tempt  to  have  the  indictments  against  him 
quashed. 

More  than  one  hundred  citizens  of  New 
Orleans  have  been  summoned  before  the 
grand  jury  to  give  testimony  as  to  al¬ 
leged  frauds  in  the  election  held  recently 
for  a  justice  of  the  Louisiana  State  Su¬ 
preme  Court.  A  curious  feature  is  that 
Judge  W.  B.  Somerville,  who  was  elected, 
had  no  oppositon.  The  fight  is  being  made 
by  the  Good  Government  League  against 
alleged  “ring  politics.”  It  is  alleged  that, 
notwithstanding  the  lack  of  opposition  to 
Judge  Somerville,  ballot  boxes  were 
“stuffed”  and  other  irregularities  practised 
in  order  to  maintain  a  fraudulent  voting 
strength. 

The  Interstate  Commerce  Commission 
March  17  made  known  its  interpretation  of 
the  long  and  short  haul  section  of  the 
amended  railroad  regulation  act.  The  com¬ 
mission  holds  that  rates  and  fares  of  the 
same  kind  should  be  compared  with  one 
another,  trans-shipment  rates  should  be  com¬ 
pared  with  trans-shipment  rates,  proportion¬ 
al  rates  with  proportional  rates,  excursion 
fares  with  excursion  fares  and  commuta¬ 
tion  fares  with  commutation  fares.  The 
commission  defines  a  proportionate  rate  as 
one  which  applies  to  part  of  a  through 
transportation  which  is  entirely  within  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  act  to  regulate  com¬ 
merce  ;  that  is  the  balance  of  the  transpor¬ 
tation  to  which  the  proportional  rate  ap¬ 
plies  must  be  under  a  rate  filed  with  the 
‘commission.  The  principal  application  of 
the  interpretation  of  the  long  and  short 
haul  section  relates  to  trans-shipment 
freight  matter.  This  character  of  freight 
moves  from  one  point  to  a  water  point  and 
is  then  carried  by  water  to  its  destination. 
In  substance  the  commission  holds  that 
the  rate  on  transshipped  freight  thus 
shipped  may  be  lower  between  the  two  land 
points  than  freight  similarly  shipped  but 
intended  for  consumption  at  the  terminal 
point. 

One  man  was  killed  and  300  head  of  cat¬ 
tle  were  burned  to  death  March  18  in  a 
fire  which  destroyed  a  square  block  of  pens 
in  the  Union  Stock  Yards  at  Chicago.  The 
body  of  the  man  was  found  in  the  wreck¬ 
age'  of  a  viaduct  that  fell.  Various  com¬ 
mission  firms  owned  the  cattle  destroyed. 
The  loss  was  $25,000. 

The  Judiciary  Committee  of  the  California 
Senate  has  recommended  the  passage  of  a 
bill  designed  to  prevent  Asiatics  from  ac¬ 
quiring  land  in  California. 

The  plant  of  the  Monarch  Cold  Storage 
Company  at  Cass  and  Michigan  streets, 
Chicago,  was  destroyed  by  fire  March  19, 
entailing  a  loss  estimated  at  over  $1,000,- 
000.  About  30  firemen  were  overcome  by 
smoke  and  escaping  gases.  Large  quanti¬ 
ties  of  eggs  and  fish  were  stored  in  the 
building. 

George  H.  Munroe  was  sentenced  by  Judge 
Hough  in  the  United  States  Circuit  Court, 
New  York,  March  16,  to  three  years  in 

Atlanta  penitentiary  after  a  jury  had  de¬ 
clared  lmn  guilty  of  using  the  mails  to 

defraud  in  selling  his  Marconi  stock  and 

stock  in  the  United  Shoe  Shining  Com¬ 
pany.  The  jurymen  found  Munroe  guilty  on 
fifteen  of  the  counts  in  the  indictment  upon 
which  he  was  tried.  These  counts  had  to 
do  with  the  sale  of  the  Marconi  stock  and 
that  of  the  Shoe  Shining  Company.  On 

the  count  involving  the  sale  of  stock  in  his 
Sovereign  Realty  Company  the  verdict  was 
not  guilty.  He  could  have  received  a  max¬ 
imum  sentence  of  five  years  on  each  of  the 
fifteen  counts.  Munroe’s  case  was  the 
first  of  the  big  get  rich  quick  cases  in¬ 
volved  in  the  Post  Office  Department’s  re¬ 
cent  activities  to  be  called  for  trial,  and 
there  was  great  satisfaction  felt  at  his 
conviction.  It  was  brought  out  in  the 
course  of  Munroe’s  trial  that  in  three  years 
from  1903  to  1907  more  than  150,000  shares 
of  stock  in  the  English  Marconi  company 
were  sold  by  Munroe  and  more  than  $1,250,- 
000  turned  in  for  it  in  checks,  drafts,  money 
orders  and  cash  by  the  people  of  this  coun¬ 
try.  Munroe,  it  appeared,  split  these  re¬ 
ceipts,  giving  his  agents,  of  whom  the  chief 
was  Horace  G.  Robinson,  50  per  cent,  com¬ 
missions.  His  own  profits  were  more  than 
$700,000,  and  in  addition  thousands  of 
shares  in  Canadian,  Argentine  and  Australi¬ 
an.  companies  were  sold,  but  these  transac¬ 
tions  did  not  figure  in  the  trial.  What 
Munroe  has  done  with  the  profits  of  his 
scheme  the  Post  Office  authorities  have 
never  discovered.  In  court  he  was  rather 
shabbily  dressed,  and  had  the  appearance 
of  a  man  without  means.  At  one  time 
he  had  a  country  house  at  Southampton,  a 
house  in  Fifty-seventh  street  and  a  private 
suite  at  the  Waldorf,  but,  according  to  the 


testimony-  of  -his  -lawyer,  he  was  so  hard 
up  in  1908,  after  the  harvest  had  been 
reaped,  that  in  an  effort  to  get  some  real 
Marconi  stock  to  deliver  to  the  importun¬ 
ate sol<*  a11  llis  furniture  and  borrowed 
$(.000  from  his  brother.  Dr.  John  A.  Mun¬ 
roe  of  Saranac  Lake.  There  was  absolutely 
no  explantion  of  where  the  money  had  gone, 
however.  The  Marconi  shares  were  sold 
at  from  $10  to  $15  a  share.  They  could 
have  been  bought  in  England  for  $2.50  a 
share,  but  not  even  this  was  done  in  many 
cases,  upward  of  13,000  shares  being  unde¬ 
livered.  Munroe  possibly  would  have  es¬ 
caped  after  this  blew  up  had  he  not  re¬ 
turned  here  from  Canada  last  Summer  and 
launched  a  new  one  under  the  title  of  the 
Shoe  Shining  Company.  Then  the 
lost  Office  pounced  upon  him. 


at  Benton,  Pa..  March  26.  Sixteen  thou-’ 
barrels  of  whiskey  were  consumed. 


sand 


oemu  uciiiuio  til  WIUS  KG’ 

The  total  loss  will  reach' 
Had  the  government  tax 
whiskey  the  loss  would 
double.  The  bondhouse, 
stories  high,  was  one  of 
in  the  country. 


nearly  $1,000,000. 
been  paid  on  this 
have  been  almost 
which  was  eight 
the  most  modern 


•  ^evv  'ork  Grand  Jury  returned  three 
indictments  March  21  against  William  J 
i  ummins  for  stealing  a  total  of  $335,000 
from  the  t  arnegie  Trust  Company.  Mr. 
Cummins  pleaded  not  guilty  and  was  re¬ 
leased  after  he  had  put  up 'a  $50,000  bail 
bond.  The  Grand  Jury  finds  that  Cummins 
was  guilty  of  grand  larceny  in  using  for 
his  personal  benefit  the  proceeds  of  a  loan 
obtained  from  the  Nineteenth  Ward  Bank 
and  the  \  an  .Norden  Trust  Company  on 
the  understanding  that  the  money  was  "to  go 
the  Carnegie  for  a  specific  purpose.  Al- 
tnougn  the  money  was  secured  by  Cummins 
ana  others  on  their  apparently  unsecured 
personal  demand  notes,  there  was  an  agree¬ 
ment  that  _  the  Carnegie  Trust  Company 
should  receive  the  proceeds.  The  allegations 
on  which  Cummins  is  indicted  can  be  put 
simply  this  way:  In  April,  1910,  Cum¬ 
mins  and  his  associates  learned  that  cer¬ 
tain  loans  which  had  been  made  by  various 
banks  on  tho  security  of  stock  of  the  Nine¬ 
teenth  Ward  Bank  and  the  Twelfth  Ward 
Bank  were  in  such  a  condition  that  if  they 
were  not  immediately  paid  off  the  collateral 
held  as  security  would  be  sold.  It  was 
desired  by  Cummins  and  his  associates  that 
such  stock  should  not  be  sold  on  the 
open  market  for  fear  it  would  affect  ad¬ 
versely  the  institutions  whose  stock  was 
being  sold  and  other  institutions  known 
to  be  interested  in  those  two.  They  there¬ 
fore  made  arrangements  to  obtain  money 
from  the  Nineteenth  W’ard  Bank  and  the 
Van  Norden  Trust  Company  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  paying  off  these  loans  and  releasing 
the  collateral.  To  raise  the  money  needed 
to  finance  the  transaction  certain  notes 
were  given  to  the  Van  Norden  Trust  Com¬ 
pany  and  the  Nineteenth  Ward  Bank  ag¬ 
gregating  $335,000.  While  these  notes  were 
apparently  unsecured  demand  notes  of  the 
individuals  whose  names  appeared  upon 
them  the  agreement  as  a  result  of  which 
the  loans  were  made  was  that  the  Carnegie 
Trust  Company  in  each  instance  should  re¬ 
ceive  tho  amount  advanced  on  the  various 
notes,  aggregating  $335,000.  It  is  alleged 
that  Cummins  transferred  this  money  to  his 
own  personal  account. 

The  New  Jersey  House  of  Assembly 
March  21  passed  the  Geran  election  bill 
by  a  vote  of  34  to  25.  Six  hours  argument 
and  discussion  interspersed  with  personal¬ 
ities  and  occasional  disorder  preceded  tbe 
final  passage  of  the  measure.  The  passage 
of  the  Geran  bill  is  a  victory  for  Gov. 
Wilson  scarcely  less  notable  than  his  bring¬ 
ing  about  the  election  of  James  E.  Martine 
to  the  United  States  Senate.  The  bill  is  so 
radical  a  departure  from  any  legislation 
heretofore  attempted  in  this  State  that  it 
aroused  the  oppositon  of  organization  Re¬ 
publicans  and  Democrats.  The  bill  provides 
that  all  election  officers,  of  whom  there 
are  nearly  5,000  in  the  State,  shall  pass 
civil  service  examinations.  Candidates  for 
election  officers  may  be  nominated  by  any 
five  voters  of  the  respective  parties.  The 
Democratic  and  Republican  parties  are  to 
have  two  officers  on  each  district  board, 
to  be  chosen  by  lot  from  those  passing  the 
civil  service  examination.  The  bill  extends 
the  direct  primary  to  include  the  nomina¬ 
tion  of  candidates  for  Governor  and  Con¬ 
gressman,  and  all  delegates,  including  those 
to  the  national  conventions. 


FARM  AND  GARDEN.— Gov.  Wilson  of 
New  Jersey  has  approved  the  Myer  milk 
standard  bill,  which  at  a  hearing  March  17 
before  the  Governor  was  opposed  by  repre¬ 
sentatives  of  several  north  Jersey  boards 
of  health.  The  bill  reduces  the  quantity 
of  solids  required  in  milk  from  12  per  cent, 
to  11%  per  cent.  Farmers  generally  were 
in  favor  of  tbe  bill,  their  chief  argument 
being  that  Holstein  cows  will  not  give  milk 
containing  12  per  cent,  of  solids,  although 
Holstein  milk  is  regarded  as  of  rich  quality. 
The  advocates  of  the  bill  insisted  that  the 
new  law  would  not  result  in  any  lowering 
of  the  quality  of  milk  sold. 

M.  W.  Savage  filed  suit  March  18  in  the 
Federal  Court  at  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  for  $40,- 
000  against  the  American  Express  Com¬ 
pany  for  an  alleged  injury  to  a  tendon  in 
the  leg  of  Rena  Patch,  daughter  of  the 
famous  Dan  Patch,  said  to  have  been  re¬ 
ceived  while  the  animal  was  en  route  from 
Chicago  to  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  on  July 
17,  1910.  Chicago  officers  of  the  express 
company  refused  to  allow  an  attendant  to 
accompany  Rena  Patch  in  the  express  car 
between  the  two  cities.  “The  high  temper" 
of  the  horse  made  an  attendant  necessary,” 
alleges  the  petition  for  judgment.  When 
the  racer  arrived  at  Grand  Rapids  she  was 
useless  for  racing,  and  she  has  been  useless 
since,  declares  Mr.  Savage.  The  suit  will 
be  tried  in  the  April  term  of  court. 


Farmers’  institutes  have  been  held  at  300 
places  throughout  New  York  State  during 
the  Winter  season,  beginning  on  December 
1,  1910.  State  Agricultural  Commissioner 
Pearson  says  that  they  have  been  exceed¬ 
ingly  well  attended,  and  promise  to  be 
productive  of  beneficial  results.  The  Agri¬ 
cultural  Department  recommended  the  adop¬ 
tion  of  a  plan  for  holding  a  few  institute 
schools,  which  was  agreeably  received,  with 
the  result  that  about  10  of  these  schools 
were  held  this  year  at  accessible  points,  and 
as  near  big  centers  of  population  as  pos¬ 
sible.  These  lasted  three  and  four  days, 
and  they  were  conducted  by  the  strongest 
corps  of  teachers  that  could  be  secured. 
Though  the  farmer’s  institutes  closed  March 
18  two  more  of  the  schools  are  to  be  held  at 
Schenectady  and  at  Glens  Falls. 

A  meeting  of  all  the  farmers’  institute 
conductors,  with  State  Agricultural  fom- 
missioner  Pearson,  was  held  at  the  State 
Agricultural  College,  Ithaca,  March  17,  to 
discuss  tbe  work  for  the  next  season’s  work, 


and  the  devising  of  improved  methods  to 
be  employed.  One  of  the  methods  it  is 
proposed  to  put  into  effect  next  season  will 
be  the  adoption  of  a  “follow-up”  plan  by 
which  the  representatives  of  the  Agricultur¬ 
al  Department  will  keep  in  touch  with  the 
few  selected  farms  where  the  most  ap¬ 
proved  scientific  methods  are  being  intro¬ 
duced,  so  as  to  facilitate  the  adoption  of 
these  new  methods  in  their  best  forms  and 
to  create  examples  which  will  be  of  value 
to  the  community. 

Annual  meeting  of  Connecticut  Boo-Keep¬ 
ers’  Association  will  be  held  at  Hartford,. 
April  14,  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  10.30  a.  m.  Every¬ 
body  welcome. 

A  special  meeting  of  the  Illinois  Cattle 
Feeders’  Association  was  held  in  Morrow 
Hall,  Agricultural  College,  University  of  Il¬ 
linois,  Urbana,  March  31.  This  meeting 
was  called  in  response  to  an  invitation  ex¬ 
tended  by  the  Animal  Husbandry  Depart¬ 
ment  of  the  university  to  cattle  feeders  to 
visit  the  Experiment  Station  feed  lots  and 
inspect  the  steers  used  in  the  cattle  feed¬ 
ing  experiment  just  closing.  This  experi¬ 
ment  is  of  particular  interest  to  cattle  feed¬ 
ers  because  it  throws  much  light  upon  the 
question  of  feeding  corn  silage  to  fattening 
steers.  Corn  silage  is  being  fed  in  various 
combinations  with  and  without  other  rough- 
ages.  The  other  roughages  used  were  clover 
and  Alfalfa  hay  and  corn  stover.  Another 
feature  of  the  programme  was  a  general 
discussion  on  the  feeding  of  corn  silage  to 
beef  cattle  and  on  silo  construction.  .Mr. 
J.  T.  Alexander  of  Chicago  valued  the  cat¬ 
tle  on  the  basis  of  the  Chicago  market  and 
gave  the  Association  a  talk  oh  the  market 
situation. 


SH0RTSVILLE  FARMERS’  DAY  AND 
INSTITUTE. 

When  we  had  our  farmers’  institute  at 
Manchester  last  December,  several  of  the 
business  men  of  Shortsville  came  over, 
Shortsville  and  Manchester  being  less  than 
a  mile  apart.  A  short  time  after  one 
of  these  men  asked  me  why  we  do  not 
have  an  institute  here.  I  told  him  it,  was 
because  the  people  of  Shortsville  had  never 
asked  for  one,  shortly  after  I  received  a 
letter  from  the  business  men’s  association  of 
Shortsville  asking  me  to  see  if  I  could  not 
get  an  institute  for  Shortsville.  I  made 
the  request  to  Commissioner  Pearson  and 
he  told  me  that  owing  to  the  lateness  of 
the  request  and  lack  of  available  men,  the 
department  could  do  nothing  for  us,  so  I 
proceeded  independently.  From  Geneva  I  got 
the  services  of  Profs.  Parrott,  Stewart,  Hed¬ 
rick  and  Hall  ;  and  from  Cornell  Profs.  Tuck 
and  Rice,  and  Miss  Clara  Browning ;  aso  T. 

E.  Martin  of  Syracuse,  A.  P».  Katkamier,  Jo¬ 
seph  Green  and  L.  T.  Allen  of  Macedon  ; 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Levi  Redfield  of  Farmington; 
and  Russell  R.  McLouth  of  Shortsviire,  the 
last  six  being  nearby  people,  who  are 
really  doing  things.  With  this  array  of 
talent  coming,  we  had  to  have  two  auditor¬ 
iums  and  so  engaged  the  M.  E.  Church  and 
the  largest  hall  in  town.  Then  the  idea 
came  of  getting  out  a  small  folder,  describ¬ 
ing  Shortsville,  its  advantages  and  indus¬ 
tries  and  containing  the  programme.  This 
idea  grew  until  it  finally  reached  a  book  of 
52  pages.  In  the  meantime  arrangements 
were  made  for  another  hall  for  exhibits, 
and  prizes  to  the  amount  of  nearly  $100 
were  offered  for  farm  and  culinary  prod¬ 
ucts.  The  advertisement  of  every  business 
man  and  woman  in  Shortsville  appeared  in 
the  book,  but  not  one  from  outside.  The 
evening  before  was  nearly  a  blizzard,  but 
the  farmers  and  their  families  came  in 
large  numbers,  bringing  fine  displays  of 
canned  fruits,  vegetables,  greenhouse  prod¬ 
ucts,  apples  and  other  fruits.  Nearly  every 
part  of  the  program  was  carried  out  as  - 
scheduled,  even  to  the  making  of  a  batch  of 
concentrated  lime  and  sulphur  at  noon,  which 
tested  33  Baume.  The  combined  attendance 
was  between  700  and  800,  and  tbe  first 
farmers’  meeting  ever  held  in  Shortsville  was 
voted  a  great  success.  The  52-page  book  had 
been  sent  to  1.400  people  and  a  great  many 
people  came  from  out  of  town.  There  is  a 
movement  to  make  this  meeting  a  permanent 
annual  affair  and  should  such  be  the  case 
something  larger  will  be  in  order  next  year, 
probably  a  two-day  meeting. 

JOHN  Q.  WELLS. 


Farm  Values  in  Massachusetts  and  Idaho. 

The  farm  figures  of  the  last  census  will 
show  some  queer  comparisons.  Recently 
there  came  to  us  in  the  same  mail  the 
statistics  of  Idaho,  the  Rocky  Mountain 
State,  and  Massachusetts,  the  New  England 
State.  We  take  up  these  figures  side  by 
side  in  order  that  our  people  may  see  how 
they  look. 

Massachusetts. 

Value  of  farm  land . .  .  $104,273,000.00 

Value  of  buildings .  87,250,000.00 

Value  of  implements .  11,512,000.00 

Number  of  farms .  36,512 

Idaho. 

Value  of  farm  land . $219,346,000.00 

Value  of  buildings .  24.074.000.00 

Value  of  implements .  10,459.000.00 

Number  of  farms .  30,741 

The  average  size  of  a  farm  in  Idaho  is 
171  acres,  in  Massachusetts  79  acres.  The 
average  value  per  acre  of  farm  land  in 
buildings  in  Idaho  was.  $41.63,  while  in 
Massachusetts  this  value  was  $66.65,  the 
increased  •  value  being  largely  due  to  the 
greater  value  of  the  farm  buildings.  In 
Massachusetts  18,785  farmers  own  their 
farms  free,  while  12.973  were  mortgaged. 
In  Idaho  18,113  farms  were  free,  while 
there  was  a  mortgage  upon  8,909.  It  may 
surprise  some  of  our  readers  to  know  that 
there  were  93  farms  in  Massachusetts  with 
over  1,000  acres  each,  and  318  with  over 
500  acres.  The  bulk  of  the  farms,  how¬ 
ever,  were  small.  20,640  being  under  20 
acres.  In  Idaho  there  were  252  farms  with 
1,000  acres  or  over,  and  only  1,908  farms 
under  20  acres.  During  the  past  10  years 
the  number  of  farms  in  Idaho  has  increased 
76  per  cent  and  the  total  value  of  farm 
land  and  buildings  has  increased  518  per 
cent.  In  the  older  State  of  Massachusetts 
there  has  also-  been  a  gain,  although  very 
much  smaller.  The  number  of  farms,  for 
example,  in  the  last  10  years  increased  only 
three  per  cent,  while  farm  value  including 
buildings  increased  21  per  cent.  Another 
striking  contrast  is  shown  in  tho  expendi¬ 
ture  for  labor  and  for  fertilizer.  In  1910 
the  Massachusetts  fanners  paid  out  $11,- 
747,000  for  labor  and  $1,931,000  for 
fertilizers.  In  Idaho  during  the  same  year 
the  labor  bill  was  $6,677,000,  while  the 
bill  for  fertilizer  was  only  $21,000. 


44k! 


April  1, 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

THE  GOOD  GREAT  MAN. 

“How  seldom,  friend,  a  good  great  man 
inherits 

Honor  or  wealth,  with  all  his  worth 
and  pains ! 

It  sounds  like  stories  from  the  land  of 
spirits 

If  any  man  obtain  that  which  lie  merits, 
Or  any  merit  that  which  he  obtains." 

******* 

For  shame,  dear  friend,  renounce  this  cant¬ 
ing  strain  ! 

What  would  thou  have  a  good  great  man 
obtain  ? 

Place,  title,  salary,  a  gilded  chain? 

Or  throne  of  corses  which  his  sword  had 
slain  ? 

Greatness  and  goodness  are  not  means,  but 
ends ! 

Hath  he  not  always  treasures,  always 
friends, 

The  good  great  man?  three  treasures,  Love 
and  Light, 

And  Calm  Thoughts,  regular  as  infant's 
breath  ; 

And  three  firm  friends,  more  sure  than  day 
and  night — • 

Himself,  His  Maker  and  the  Angel  Death  ! 

■ — Coleridge. 

* 

A  new  model  sewing  machine  lias 
the  needle  in  the  center,  instead  of  at 
one  side.  Women  have  been  crooking 
their  spines  to  reach  their  sewing  ever 
since  sewing  machines  were  invented ; 
now  at  last  they  may  sit  straight  in 
a  natural  position. 

* 

Many  of  the  new  model  lingerie 
hats  are  bordered  with  a  deep  band  of 
black  velvet,  the  brim  often  turning 
up  sharply  at  one  side.  The  black 
velvet  edge  is  more  becoming  to  most 
wearers  than  a  brim  of  dead  white, 
and  it  undoubtedly  keeps  the  hat 
fresher,  as  the  edge  of  the  brim  is 

always  first  to  show  soiling. 

*• 

Here  is  a  recipe  for  “mock  birds” 
given  by  “Suburban  Life  i  Select  the 
largest  cut  of  veal  cutlets,  and  have 
them  cut  less  than  half  an  inch  thick. 
Cut  each  one  in  two  pieces,  removing 
the  bone.  On  each  piece  put  one  table¬ 
spoonful  of  dressing;  roll  up  and  either 
tie  or  fasten  with  toothpicks,  like 
skewers.  Fry  till  brown  on  all  sides 
in  bacon  fat,  place  them  in  a  casserole 
or  basin;  season,  using  a  teaspoonful 
of  salt,  one-fourth  teaspoonful  of  pep¬ 
per,  and  a  little  cayenne,  for  four 
“birds.”  Add  the  fat  in  the  frying  pan 
and  one  cupful  of  boiling  water,  and 
bake,  covered  closely,  for  one  hour. 

Serve  with  baked  sweet  potatoes. 

* 

We  have  been  seeing  some  extraord¬ 
inary  pictures  of  the  French  jupe  cu- 
lotte — the  trousers  skirt  which  is  excit¬ 
ing  the  newspapers.  However,  after 
hearing  terrifying  accounts  a  year  or 
two  ago  of  the  “sheath  skirt”  slashed 
at  one  side,  which  was  to  drive  every¬ 
thing  else  out  of  style,  and  which  quickly 
faded  away  like  an  evil  dream,  we  re¬ 
fuse  to  lose  any  rest  through  fear  of 
Turkish  trousers.  Most  of  these  pic¬ 
tures  show  a  long  tight  robe,  like  an 
old-fashioned  redingote  coming  nearly 
or  quite  to  the  ankles,  with  full  Turkish 
trousers  beneath.  It  cannot  be  called 
immodest,  but  it  is  certainly  ludicrous. 
Then  there  are  regular  “trousers"  skirts 
for  walking  suits,  which  are  very  like 
the  divided  skirts  worn  on  horseback 
or  bicycling.  They  are  not  as  a  rule 
trim-looking  or  graceful,  and  give  no 
more  ease  or  freedom  than  a  well-cut 
short  skirt  worn  with  knickerbockers 
underneath  in  place  of  hampering  petti¬ 
coats.  A  time  many  come,  at  some  fu¬ 
ture  period  of  the  world’s  history,  when 
our  women  may  seriously  consider  the 
example  of  Mrs.  Amelia  Bloomer  and 
Dr.  Mary  Walker,  as  applied  to  costume, 
but  we  do  not  think  that  the  vision  of  a 
fat  lady  in  Turkish  trousers,  sprinting 
madly  to  catch  a  subway  express,  is 
likely  to  be  seen  in  New  York  during 
the  present  season  at  least. 


More  than-  once  we  have  felt  obliged 
to  warn  our  friends  against  irresponsible 
opticians  or  wandering  peddlers  who 
offer  to  fit  spectacles  or  eyeglasses,  but 
unfortunately  there  are  unscrupulous 
men  in  regular  lines  of  trade  who  may 
also  be  avoided.  They  are  competent, 
and  will  doubtless  fit  the  eyes  properly, 
but  their  rule  is  to  charge  all  the  cus¬ 
tomer  will  stand,  “sizing  up  their  vic¬ 
tim’s  appearance,  and,  if  he  looks  pros¬ 
perous,  increasing  the  charge  at  an 
amazing  ratio.  A  friend  tells  us  of  a 
case  where  a  man  giving  evidence  of 
wealth  was  fitted  for  glasses  in  one  of 
these  places.  As  he  seemed  very  easy¬ 
going,  the  salesman  named  a  price  many 
times  the  regular  charge,  but  soothed 
his  conscience  by  deciding  to  give  solid 
gold  rims.  When  describing  the  trans¬ 
action  to  his  employer,  whose  conscience 
was  thoroughly  indurated,  that  per¬ 
sonage  remarked :  “Give  him  filled 
rims — they’re  plenty  good  enough."  This 

was  too  much  even  for  the  clerk,  who 
gave  up  his  job  rather  than  carry  the 
extortion  quite  so  far.  In  fitting  the 
eyes  scientifically  everything  depends  on 
the  honor  and  business  probity  of  the 
person  who  possesses  knowledge  of  the 
purchaser’s  needs;  for  this  reason  we 
must  consider  personal  character  as 
well  as  scientific  knowledge.  Defects  of 
sight  which  might  be  entirely  corrected 
cause  so  much  misery  that  there  is 
every  reason  to  give  this  matter  thought 
and  judgment— nor  does  such  correction 
always  mean  great  expense,  if  we  can 
keep  clear  of  the  unscrupulous  men  who 
profit  by  the  misfortunes  of  others. 

The  Fireless  Cooker. 

Will  you  give  directions  for  making  a 
fircless  cooker?  I.  w. 

The  whole  principle  of  the  fireless 
cooker-  is  based  upon  insulation  for  the 
purpose  of  retaining  heat.  In  its  simplest 
form  a  tight  box  is  lined  with  many 
thicknesses  of  paper  and  then  filled  with 
tightly  packed  hay,  a  hole  being  left  in 
the  middle  to  contain  a  closed  cooking 
vessel.  After  the  vessel  is  put  in  more 
hay  is  packed  over  it,  and  a  tight-fitting 
paper-lined  lid  put  on  the  box.  This 
made  the  original  “hay-box  cooker.”  It 
has  been  rendered  more  convenient  by 
the  use  of  cushions  filled  with  hay,  saw¬ 
dust,  buckwheat  hulls  or  other  non-con¬ 
ducting  material,  in  place  of  the  loose 
hay.  The  box  is  first  lined  with  several 
thicknesses  of  paper — bottom,  sides  and 
lid.  Cushions  are  then  put  in,  in  bottom 
and  sides,  packed  closely  around  the 
cooking  vessel,  and  finally  a  cushion 
fitted  over  the  top,  and  the  lid  closed 
tight.  A  hinged  lid  fastened  by  a  hasp 
is  convenient,  because  it  stays  shut  tight. 
The  food  to  be  cooked  in  the  box  must 
be  heated  through  on  the  stove,  and 
boiling  hard  when  put  into  the  box,  for 
the  cooker  does  not  give  heat ;  it  retains 
and  utilizes  the  heat  already  there. 


Home  Candy  Making. 

I  noted  recently  a  question  asked  by 
“A  Vermont  Woman"  about  homemade 
candies.  For  recipes-  and  other  informa¬ 
tion  in  regard  to  candy  making  at  home 
1  would  advise  her  to  write  to  a  firm 
at  Canton,  Ohio,  whose  address  will 
be  sent  upon  application.  They  furnish 
a  complete  candy-making  outfit,  consist¬ 
ing  of  instruction  book,  thermometer, 
dipping  fork  and  bonbon  moulds,  for 
$3.  1  am  not  an  advertising  agent  for 

these  people,  but  I  used  their  outfit 
successfully,  and  I  know  it  to  be  re¬ 
liable.  The  prices  paid  for  this  kind  of 
candy  range  from  30  to  60  or  80  cents  a 
pound,  according  to  the  variety.  My 
experience  in  selling  was  to  the  custom¬ 
ers  direct,  instead  of  through  the  stores. 

I  made  a  house-to-house  canvass  with 
a  sample  box,  and  seldom  failed  to  get 
an  order,  and  once  I  had  made  a  sale, 
it  wjts  easy  to  get  continued  orders  from 
the  same  place.  If  the  “Vermont 
Woman”  desires  I  shall  be  glad  to  give 
her  more  information  on  this  subject. 

MRS.  JAMES  TAGGART. 

Ill  the  first  place,  I  think,  get  your 
orders.  Of  course  it  depends  whether 
you  live  in  the  city  or  country  how  to 
get  those  orders ;  if  in  a  rity,  advertise, 
but  it  does  not  pay  to  makv.  up  any  kind 
of  candy,  that  is  of  the  more  expensive 
kinds,  or  from  fondants,  without  know¬ 
ing  where  it  is  going,  fo>*  if  not  sold 
soon,  it  will  be  stale,  and  you  cannot  ask 
full  price ;  thus  lose  your  profits.  Such 
kinds  as  cocoanut,  plain  fudge  and 
candies  made  with  peanuts  will  not 
bring  the  same  price  as  those  of  walnut 
meats,  chocolates,  almond,  etc.,  and  the 
price  would  be  determined  by  the  class 
of  buyers.  J.  h.  k. 


Why  400,000  Women 

Have  Hoosier  Cabinets 
in  Their  Kitchens 


The  Hoosier  Kitchen 
Cabinet  gives  you 
more  for  your  money 
than  any  other  cabi¬ 
net.  Notice  how 
much  MORE  goes 
with  the  Hoosier 
with  NO  EXTRA 
CHARGE: 

Metal  flour  bin  with 
sliding  glass  panel  and. 
removable  sifter.  Bin 
holds  65  pounds.  Self¬ 
feeding  metal  sugar 
bin.  When  a  scoopful 
Is  taken  out  the  same 
quantity  drops  down. 
Six  crystal  glass  spice 
cans  with  aluminum 
lids.  Crystal  glass  tea 
and  coffee  jars  with 
aluminum  lids.  Hoo¬ 
sier  patent  "clock- 


face”  want  list.  Great 
big  aluminum  sliding 
work  table,  larger  and 
higher  than  a  kitchen 
table.  White  wood 
cutting  board  for 
bread  and  meat.  Metal 
bread  and  cake  box. 
Plate  racks,  sliding 
shelf,  big  cupboard, 
large  compartment  for 
pots  and  pans,  cutlery 
drawer,  linen  drawer, 
handy  hooks,  copper 
door  fasteners  and 
drawer  pulls. 

The  cabinet  Is  705f 
Inches  high  and  40 
Incheswide.  Thedepth 
of  the  lower  section  is 
28  inches.  The  cabi¬ 
net  is  on  pressed  steel 
ball-bearing  casters. 


“Saves  Miles  of  Steps  for  Tired  Feet” 

Four  hundred  thousand  women  have  the  Hoosier  Kitchen  Cabinet  because  it  is  the  greatest 
step-saver  work-saver  and  time-saver  ever  invented  for  the  home.  In  tens  of  thousands  of  h  arm 
Kitchens  the  Hoosier  Cabinet  enables  the  .housewife  to  doherwork.nhalf  thet.me-and  takes  a 
big  load  of  drudgery  off  her  shoulders  besides.  Women  tell  us  the  Hoosier  actually  solves  th® 
kitchen  help  problem,  by  cutting  down  the  kitchen  work  as  much  as  one  hired  helper  would. 


Hoosier 


Kitchen 

Cabinet 


One  Dollar  a  Week  Puts  This  Cabinet  in  Your  Kitchen 

The  Hoosier  brings  Into  one  spot  40  inches  wide  nearly  everything  you  use  in  the  kitchen.  It 
saves  you  trips  back  and  forth  from  the  pantry.  It  saves  you  from  reaching  up  to  hfgh  shelves. 
It  saves  you  from  the  back-breaking  strain  of  bending  over  bins  and  flour  barrels.  The  Hoo.ier 
is  the  lowest  priced  Kitchen  Cabinet  made-measured  by  the  years  of  service  it  gives.  It  is  solid 
oak,  three  thicknesses,  built  to  last  a  lifetime.  The  Hoosier  is  the  only  kitchen  cabinet  with  a 
pure  aluminum  work  table. 

Write  us  for  Free  Kitchen  Cabinet  Book  beautifully 
illustrated,  showing  you  the  Hoosier  part  by  part. 

We  will  also  tell  you  where  you  can  see  the  Hoosier 
near  your  home.  In  nearly  every  community  there 
is  a  licensed  Hoosier  agent  who  sells  the  Hoosier 
at  the  low  price  established  by  the  factory.  The 
Hoosier  Sales  System  Is  made  up  of  the  leading 
furniture  merchants  of  the  United  States.  The  man 
who  has  the  Ploosier  license  sign  (show  below;  in 
his  window  Is  a  good  man  to  know. 

Address 

Home  Office  nnd  Factory,  14  Rich  St.,  New  Castle,  Ind. 

Hoosier  Manufacturing  Co.  gan  rranci8eo  Branch:  ass  Pacific  Building.  (25) 


Largest  Makers  of  Kitchen  Cabinets  in  the  World 


Mr.  Husband: 

You  have  riding  plows  and  many  farm 
implements  to  make  your  work  easy.  Havo 
vou  ever  thought  thnt  your  wife  should 
have  a  step-saver  for  HER  work?  The  old- 
time  kitchen  table  is  as  far  outof  date  as 
the  walking  plow.  The  Hoosier  Kitchen 
Cabinet  saves  as  much  labor  in  the  kitchen 
as  the  riding  plow  saves  intho  field.  Write 
us  now  for  our  Kitchen  Cabinet  Book,  and 
learn  how  happy  you  can  make  your  wifo 
with  the  Hoosier. 


Look  for  This  Sign  of  the  Licensed  Hoosier  Agent-a  Good  Man  to  Know 


Electric  Lights  make  the  brightest,  safeff, 
cleanest  and  most  reliable  lighting  system 
known  for  farms  and  country  homes,  •  The 
Dayton  Electric  Lighting  Outfits  are  low  in 
cost,  easy  to  install,  cost  almost  nothing  to 
operate.  Give  you  better  lights  than  most  city 
people  enjoy.  Write  today  for  complete  illus¬ 
trated  catalog  showing  outfits,  fixtures,  etc. 

DAYTON  ELECTRICAL  MFG.  CO. 
231  St.  Clair  Street  Dayton,  Ohio 


From  the 

Mill 

We  Pay 
Freight 


Manufacturers’  prices  save  y 
dealers’ profits.  Wegiveabindi  _ 
guarantee  of  satisfaction  and  save 
you  158  1-8  per  cent.  You  can 
buy  the  well-known  Uegal  Rug, 

6x9  ft.,  reversible, al  1  wool  finish,  at 
418.75.  Our  ltriisscloRuic,6x9  ft., 
greatest  value  known, #1.85.  Splendid  grade  Brus¬ 
sels  Rug,  9x12  ft.,  #11. 
Famous  I  n  v  InclbleV el- 
vets,  9x12  ft.,  #16.  Stan¬ 
dard  Axminsterg,  9x12 
ft.,  #18.60,  Fme  quali¬ 
ty  Lace  Curtains  45c  per 
pair  and  up.  Tapestry 
Curtains,  Wilton  Rugs, 
Llnole  u  m  s  atM  il  1  prices. 
Write  to-dav  for  our  NEW 
ILLUSTRATED  CATALOG, 
No.  14.  Sent  free.  Shows  lat¬ 
est  designs  in  actual  colors. 

UNITED  MILLS  MFG.  CO. 

2451-2462  JASPER  ST..  PHILA. 


oil 


>  1 1 K 


I 


BROWN’S 

Bronchial  Troches 

are  safe,  effective  and  convenient.  The  best 
remedy  for  coughs,  hoarseness  and  sore  throat. 
Prompt  and  safe.  Free  from  opiates— The  oldest 
and  best  remedy. 

Price,  25c,  50c  and  $1.00,  Sample  free 
John  I.  Brown»&  Son _ Boston,  Mass. 


Made  from  the 
best  Rubber  pro- 
duced  in  the  World 


Th© 

■ 

you  had  rubber 
made  to  order, 
you  couldn’t  have 
them  made  better  than 
the  CENTURY  ROOT, 
It  is  made  of  the  best 
rubber  produced.  The 
vamp  is  made  extra 
strong.  To  prevent 
cracking  at  ankle 
extra  pure 
gum,  no-crack 
ankle  rein¬ 
forcement  is 
used. 


IT  IS  THE  CHEAPEST 


because  best— best  in  material,  best  In  workmanship, 
and  best  for  wear.  Those  facts  are  also  t  rue  of  the  en¬ 
tire  Beacon  Falls  line.  When  you  want  a  high  grade 
satisfactory  rubber  boot  or  shoe,  insist  that  you  be 
shown  goods  bearing  the  Cross.  It  insures  you  quality 
and  service.  If  you  can’t  secure  Century  Boots  from 
your  dealer,  write  us.  Send  his  name.  We  will  see  that 
you  are  supplied.  Send  for  illustrated  booklet.  • 

BEACON  FALLS  RUBBER  SHOE  Co. 

New  York  Chicago  Boston 


The  Improved  MONITOR 


MAKES  IRONING  EASY  AND  A  PLEASURE1 

Pronounced"The  World’s  Best”  by  over  275,000 
satisfied  customers.  No  hot  stovi — easy  to  operate. 
Heat  regulated  instantly.  SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED. 

Highest  in  quality  -lowest  in  price. 
Highly  polished  and  nickel  plated. 

AGENTS  WANTED. 
Write  for  catalogue  and  terms. 
The  Monitor  Sad  Iron  Co. ! 
28  Wayne  si.,  Big  Prairie,  0. 


150  Farms 

and  map  free. 


FOR  SALE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
Horace  G.  Reedek,  Newtown,  Pa. 


HOUSEWORK  HALVED 

By  Syracuse  “EASY”  Utilities 

SOLD  ON  TRIAL 

Syracuse  “  EASY  ”  Vacuum  Washer  cleans  completely  a  tubful  of  clothes,  coarse 
or  delicate,  in  10  minutes  of  easy  elfort.  Heat  water  right  in  rust  proof  steel  tub.  No 
swinging  of  clothes  or  water.  Works  like  a  cistern  pump.  Sold  on  30  days  trial. 
Syracuse  “EASY”  Vacuum  Cleaner,  hand  or  electric,  most  satisfactory 
on  market.  Gets  all  the  dirt  without  raising  dust.  Easy  to  operate.  Very 
durable  and  efficient.  Send  for  free  booklet  and  Trial  Order  Eorin. 

DODGE  &  ZUILL,  224  L  Dillaye  Bldg.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


44.3 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  pattern  and  measurement  de¬ 
sired. 

The  first  group  includes  6905,  coat 
with  round  collar,  with  pointed  or  plain 
back,  34  to  42  bust,  5  yards  of  material 
27  in.  wide,  or  254  yards  44  or  52,  for 
medium  size.  6930,  tucked  blouse  or 
shirt  waist,  with  body  and  sleeves  in 
one,  34  to  42  bust,  3 ]/2  yards  of  material 
27  or  36  inches  wide,  or  254  yards  44, 
with  Y%  yard  of  all-over  lace,  1%  yards 
of  wide,  1  yard  of  narrow  banding,  for 


medium  size.  6929,  house  gown  for 
misses  and  small  women,  14,  16  and  18, 
yards  of  material  27  inches  wide, 
4 *4  yards  36  or  3*4  yards  44,  with  1 
yard  of  contrasting  material  27  inches 
inches  wide,  for  16-year  size.  6924, 
child’s  dress,  with  high  or  square  neck, 
long  or  short  sleeve,  2,  4  and  6  years, 
3  yards  of  material  27  inches  wide,  2%. 
yards  36,  2  yards  44,  7  yards  of  inser¬ 
tion,  3*4  yards  of  edging,  for  4-year 
size.  6903,  child’s  wrapper,  6  months, 
1,  2  and  4  years,  3]/2  yards  of  material 
27  inches  wide,  254  yards  36  or  44,  for 
2-year  size;  price  of  each  pattern,  10 
cents. 

In  the  second  group  are  6842,  tucked 
blouse  with  or  without  fitted  lining,  34 
to  44  bust,  354  yards  of  material  24  or 
27  inches  wide,  2J4  yards  36,  2  yards  44, 
with  54  yard  27  for  trimming  portion 
for  medium  size.  6833,  fancy  waist  for 
misses  and  small  women,  14,  16  and  18 
years,  2*4  yards  of  material  21  or  24 
inches  wide,  154  yards  36,  1)4  yards  44, 
1/4  yards  36  wide  with  154  yards  of  all- 
over  lace,  for  guimpe  lining  for  16-year 
size.  6832,  shirred  blouse  with  straight 
tunic,  34  to  42  bust,  654  yards  24  or  27, 


554  yards  36,  or  4J4  yards  44  inches 
wide,  with  254  yards  of  banding  6 
inches  wide  for  the  band  on  the  tunic, 
the  girdle  and  V-shaped  portions  of  the 
blouse,  3J4  yards  of  fringe,  one  yard 
of  all-over  lace  when  yoke  and  under 
sleeves  are  used.  6835,  two-piece  skirt, 
for  misses  and  small  women,  14,  16  and 
18  years,  3  yards  of  material  24  or  27 
inches  wide,  2  yards  44,  3  yards  of  braid 
for  16-year  size.  6604,  misses’  tucked 
over-blouse,  14  and  16  years,  3  yards  of 
material  21  inches  wide,  2  yards  24  or 
32,  1J4  yards  44,  *4  yard  27  for  trim- 
mmg,  for  16-year  size ;  price  of  each, 
10  cents. 


A  Homemade  Bookcase. 

Here  is  a  way  to  make  a  bookcase 
from  bamboo  broom  handles.  I  laid 
away  my  worn-out  brooms  until  I  had 
four.  Then  I  sawed  the  .  handles  from 
the  brushes,  cutting  them  off  evenly  and 
of  equal  lengths.  Among  the 'pieces  of 
boxes  of  which  my  husband  makes  kind¬ 
lings,  I  found  some  white  wood  nearly 
one-half  inch  thick.  This  I  sawed  into 
four  pieces  18  inches  long  and  six  inches 
wide,  for  shelves.  I  sawed  a  small  three- 
sided  piece  from  each  corner,  and  then 
curved  in  each  straight  edge  that  was 
thus  left  with  a  knife,  so  that  the  broom 
handle  could  fit  into  it  a  little.  Next  I 
'sandpapered  the  shelves  all  over,  and 
smoothed  off  sharp  edges.  Finding  that 
a  gimlet  would  split  the  bamboo,  I  got 
a  small  iron  rod,  a  little  larger  than  the 
screws  to  be  used,  and  heating  it  red 
hot,  I  burned  corresponding  holes 
through  each  of  the  four  handles.  This 
was  particular  work  as  the  holes  must 
correspond  exactly  or  the  shelves  would 
not  be  level.  This  done,  I  made  shallow 
gimlet  holes  in  the  curved-in  corners  of 
the  shelves.  Then  with  nickled,  round- 
headed  screws,  154  inch  long,  I  fastened 
the  bamboo  handles  to  the  four  corners 
of  the  shelves.  The  lowest  shelf  is  1*4 
inch  from  the  bottom  of  the  uprights, 
and  the  spaces  between  the  shelves  are 
planned  so  that  tall  books  can  rest  on 
the  lowest  shelf  and  smaller  ones  on  the 
others.  Then  I  took  two  four-sided 
rods  that  I  had  saved  after  some  car¬ 
penter’s  work  at  the  house,  and  placed 
them  diagonally  at  the  back  of  the  case, 
fastening  them  to  each  shelf  as  braces. 
The  bookcase  stands  on  the  floor  in  our 
sitting  room,  and  is  neat  and  service¬ 
able.  The  only  expense  was  nine  cents 
for  the  screws.  _  e.  f.  m. 

Quick  raised  biscuits  are  made  as  fol¬ 
lows  :  Have  ready  four  cupfuls  of  sifted 
flour,  four  level  teaspoonfuls  of  sugar, 
half  a  teaspoonful  of  salt,  two  level  table¬ 
spoonfuls  of  butter,"  half  a  cupful  of 
boiling  water,  half  a  cupful  of  cold  milk 
and  two  yeast  cakes  dissolved  in  half  a 
cupful  of  warm  milk  and  water — half 
and  half.  Warm  the  flour  slightly  if  it 
is  cold  to  the  touch  and  then  sift  it  with 
the  sugar  and  salt  twice,  so  that  they 
will  be  thoroughly  mixed  and  free  from 
large  grains.  After  sifting  form  a  cavity 
in  the  center  with  a  spoon.  Put  the 
butter  into  it,  and  over  it  pour  the 
boiling-  water.  Then  as  the  butter  melts 
gradually  add  the  milk  and  mix  the 
whole  slowly  to  a  smooth  paste.  While 
yet  mixing  add  the  yeast.  When  the 
mass  has  been  formed  into  a  smooth 
dough  roll  it  out  on  a  floured  board  and 
cut  it  into  biscuits.  Place  the  biscuits 
in  a  buttered  pan  side  by  side.  Set  the 
pan  on  the  shelf  over  the  range,  where 
they  will  rise  rapidly  until  ,  double  their 
size.  Do  not  let  them  stand  more  than 
50  minutes.  They  are  often  light  and 
feathery  enough  for  baking  in  much  less 
time,  even  in  half  an  hour  or  20  minutes 
if  the  fire  is  hot.  This  expedition  is 
due,  of  course  to  the  quantity  of  yeast 
used,  and  yet  the  biscuits  are  not  at  all 
yeasty.  Bread  has  also  been  made  by 
this  method,  but  it  is  not  generally  as 
good  as  that  prepared  in  the  regulation 
way.  _ 

I  never  complained  of  the  vicissitudes 
of  fate  since  the  day  I  walked  along 
the  road  to  Kufah  barefoot,  not  having 
the  money  wherewith  to  buy  a  pair  of 
shoes,  and  when  I  entered  the  gate  of 
the  city  I  saw  a  poor  creature  seated 
there  who  had  no  feet. — Saadi. 

ASK  US  TO  SHOW  YOU  HOW 
to  save  one-half  to  two-thirds 
of  your  Coal  Bills 

If  you  contemplate  building  a  new  home 
or  remodeling  your  old  one,  write  TODAY 
and  ask  us  to  show  you  how  you  can  easily 
reduce  your  coal  bills  from  50%  to  66%%. 
It  won’t  be  hard  for  us  to  do,  because  thou¬ 
sands  have  already  proved  by  actual  test  that 

^WILLIAMSON 

UNDERFEEDS™* 

Warm  Air  Furnaces--Hot  Water  or  Steam  Boilers 

—do  all  that  we  claim  and  more.  The  Underfeed  burns 
cheapest  slack  coal;  it  consumes  smoke;  it  is  best  for 
health;  it  soon  pays  for  itself  and  keeps  on  saving  for  you. 

C.  J.  Rupert,  Conneautville,  Pa.,  has  had  an 
UNDERFEED  furnace  three  winters.  He  writesi 
“I  heated  my  ten-room  house  in  1909-10  with 
ten  tons  of  slack  coalata  totalcost.  of  $15.00.” 

Underfeed  Furnace  Booklet  with  many  testimonials 
or  our  Special  Catalog  of  Steam  and  Water  Boilers— 
both  FREE.  Heating  plans  of  our  Engineering 
Corps  are  FREE.  Fill  in  and  return  Coupon  below  today. 

PECK-  WILLIAMSON  CO.  “'<»<?•• 

I  would  like  to  know  more  about  how  to  cut  down  the 
costof  my  coal  bills  from  50%  to  66%%.  Send  me— FREE 

UNDERFEED  Furnace  Booklet -  (Indicate  by  X  Kook- 


Boiler  Booklet- 


let  you  desire) 


Your  Choice 


now  or  later.  We  don’t  ask  you  to  keep  the 

phonograph— we  just  ask  you  to  accept  it  as  a  free  loan.  We  do  not 
even  ask  you  for  any  deposit  or  any  guarantee,  not  even  any  C.  O.  D.  payment. 
Ail  we  ask  is  that  you  tell  us  which  of  the  magnificent  Edison  outfits  you  prefer 
so  that  we  can  send  it  positively  without  cost  to  you  on  this  great  free  loan  offer. 

Juf*  Ta^e  Your  Choice  L\u 

any  ol  the  outfits  shown  above — your  choiceof  records, too.  Simply  get  the  phono- 
t*le„  records  and  use  them  free— just  as  though  they  were  your  own.  Entertain 
yourself  your  family  and  your  friends,  too,  if  yon  wish,  with  everything  from  the  catchiest 
popular  songs,  side-splitting  minstrels  and  vaudeville  monologues  to  the  famous  grand 
operas.  Amberola  and  other  records  sung  by  the  world’s  greatest  artists.  Now  if  one  of  your 

friends  wishes  to  buy  such  an  outfit  tell  him  to  get  the  rock-bottom  price — and  it  he  wishes  on  payments  as  low  as  S2  00 
a  month  without  .merest.  But  that  is  not  what  we  ask  of  you.  Just  send  now  for  your  choice  onhe  Umst  swle  Idffon 

\/U  SJ  nuf  ;T0.?r  han,|"ome  *ree  Edison  catalog  and  list  of  over  1500  records  so  that  you  can  select 

If  ■  I  1C  If  UW  lust  tl,e  machine,  the  songs,  recitations,  etc.,  that  you  want  to  hear.  Remember,  there 

1S  absolutely  no  obligation  on  your  part.  Write  for  the  great  free  catalog  now,  today, 

F.  K  Babson,  EDISON  PHONOGRAPH  DISTRIBUTERS,  Chicago,  IN. 

Western  Office,  65  Post  St..  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Canadian  Office,  355  Portage  Ave. ,  Winnipeg,  Canada. 


For  Walls  and  Ceilings 

The  first  step  in  making  a  home  beauti¬ 
ful  is  to  coat  the  walls  with  Muresco. 
It  gives  just  the  restful,  quiet  back¬ 
ground  for  pictures  and  furniture. 
Dingy  walls  and  ceilings  make  it  impossible  to 
beautify  any  room. 

Muresco  is  a  powder.  It  comes  in  five- 
pound  packages — any  tint — and  in  applying 
is  mixed  with  boiling  water.  It  is  easy  to  use 
and  economical.  Ask  your  dealer  for  Muresco. 

Our  descriptive  literature  about  Muresco  will 
be  sent  on  request. 

Twenty-five  Million  Pounds  of  Muresco 
Were  Sold  in  the  U.  S.  Last  Year. 

Moore’s  We  are  also  the  makers  of 

1UUUIC  aillLb  Moore’s  House  Colors,  a  line 

of  paints  that  have  no  equal  for  durability  andeconorny. 


Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Cleveland,  O. 


BENJAMIN  MOORE  &  CO. 

Chicago,  HI. 


Carteret,  N.  J. 
Toronto,  Can. 


SHADE 
ROLLERS 

Original  and  unequalled. 
Wood  or  tin  rollers,  '‘improved 
requires  no  tacks.  Inventor’s 
signature  on  genuine: 


Vacuum  Gleaner  Without  Cost 

Write  today  for  SPECIAL  introductory 
offer  telling  how  to  secure  a  high  grade 
$14.00  Vacuum  Cleaner  without  cost. 
HOME  SUPPLY  CO.,  lfept.M,  Scottsburg,  N,  Y. 


li  _ 


lllllltltlfillrtltll 


CYCLONE 


Fences  and  Gates  for  Farm,  Home, 
Parks  or  Cemeteries.  Increase  prop¬ 
erty  values.  Strong,  Lasting,  Hand¬ 
some.  Easily  erected— all  heights  up  to  10  feet.  Our 
catalog  and  prices  will  interest  you.  We  pay  freight. 

The  cyclone  woven  Wire  fence  Co. 

1237  E  56th  STREET  CLEVELAND,  OHIO 


.V/!*  PECKS;S&  RIVETS 


f  Anyone  can  do  it.  Quick  and  easy.  No! 
solder,  cement  or  bolt.'  Fit  any  surface. 
Send  for  sample  box  of  15  assorted  sizes,  10c  | 
postpaid.  Regular  package  35c. 

PECK  &  CO.,  259  Main  St„  Batavia,  N.  Y. 


Makes  and  burns  its  own  gas  and 
produces  a  pure  white,  steady, 
safe,  100  candle  power  light.  -  No 
wick,  smoke,  dirt,  grease  or  odor. 


THE  BEST  LIGHT 


Lighted  instantly.  Over  200  styles. 
Agents  wanted.  Wri  te  for  catalog 

Til  10  BEST  UCHT  CO. 

4  Ol  K.  iitll  St.,  Cautuu,  O, 


p  IRON  AND 


FENCES 


For  All  Purposes  High  Grade  "t-*  Catalog  Free 

ENTERPRISE  FOUNDRY  &  FENCE  CO. 
1225  East  24th  Street  :  INDIANAPOLIS,  INDIAN! 


Name- 


Address 


-Name  of  your  dealer 


PROFITABLE  INVESTMENT 


_  Republic 

Ornamental  Fence 

willenhancethe  value 
_  of  your  property. 

Republic  ^“ces 

,  aremadeby  cablinglargeheavily  galvanized  wires 

'  and  in  serting  heavy  upright  wire  pickets,  corrugated 
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withoutinjuring  the  galvanized  coating.  Most  durable  fence  made. 
■A  variety  of  beautiful  desigus.  May  be  erected  with  wood  or  iron  posts. 
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REPUBLIC  FENCE  £  GATE  CO.,  211  Republic  St..  N,  Chicago,  111- 


444 


THE  KU KAb  NBW-YORKEB 


April  1. 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

BETTER  STOCK. 

“  Best  Cow  in  Iowa.” 

The  Cow  Culture  Club  of  Iowa  has  just 
ended  a  contest  started  to  determine  the 
“best  cow  in  Iowa.”  There  were  108  cows 
entered  for  a  year’s  butter  test.  The 
first  four  prize  winners  were  the  following 
named : 

“Dairy  Maid  of  Pinehurst,  a  Guernsey 
cow,  owned  by  W.  W.  Marsh,  of  Waterloo, 
with  a  production  of  852.89  pounds  of 
butter-fat  for  the  year  and  a  credit  with 
her  allowance  for  age  acording  to  the  rules 
of  the  contest  of  1,060.118  pounds,  wins 
first  place  and  the  accompanying  prize  of 
8250.  This  cow  will  also  receive  a  silver 
cup  from  the  American  Guernsey  Cattle 
Club.  The  second  prize  of  $150  is  won  by 
Jedetta  of  Pinehurst,  a  Guernsey  cow  also 
owned  by  W.  W.  Marsh,  of  Waterloo.  Iler 
total  production  of  butter-fat  for  the  year 
was  774.28  pounds.  The  third  prize  of 
$100  is  won  by  Mollie  W.,  a  grade  Jersey, 
owned  by  Charles  B.  Kirby,  of  Griswold, 
Iowa.  She  produced  466.21  pounds  of  but¬ 
ter-fat  with  a  total  credit  on  account  of 
her  age  of  638.71  pounds.  Glencoe’s  llo- 
peep,  a  Guernsey,  owned  by  W.  W.  Marsh, 
of  Waterloo,  had  fourth  place  with  a  pro¬ 
duction  of  622.56  pounds,  but  the  rules 
of  the  contest  provide  that  no  single 
breeder  can  receive  more  than  two  of  the 
cash  prizes  of  the  Marsh  fund.  Therefore, 
no  money  is  awarded  this  cow.” 

An  Iowa  Dairy  Train. 

A  dairy  special  train  was  recently  run 
through  Southern  Iowa.  In  the  announce¬ 
ment  we  are  told  :  “Last  year  only  bulls  of 
the  dairy  breeds  were  carried  to  demonstrate 
how  the  common  herd  could  be  used  as  a 
basis  and  by  the  use  of  good  sires  be  bred 
up  to  be  most  productive  and  profitable. 
On  the  train  soon  to  start  there  will  be 
great  producing  cows,  in  aditiou  to  the 
noted  bull,  Sans  Aloi,  a  $5,000  son  of 
Financial  Countess,  witli  a  record  of  935 
pounds,  10  ounces  of  butter  in  a  year. 
More  care  must  be  used  in  carrying  cows 
and  because  of  this,  in  place  of  the  cus¬ 
tomary  stock  car,  a  60-foot  baggage  car 
fitted  up  like  an  up-to-date  model  dairy 
barn  with  Louden’s  stalls  and  stanchions 
will  be  used  to  carry  the  stock.” 

This  scheme  of  carrying  bulls  and  cows 
out  where  people  can  see  them  is  a  new 
one.  No  doubt  about  Iowa’s  future  as  a 
dairy  section.  I’ut  the  State’s  corn  crop 
into  silver  and  grow  Alfalfa,  and  Iowa 
could  pretty  nearly  butter  the  country's 
bread ! 

The  “White  Faces.” 

Purebred  Herefords  are  second  in  num¬ 
bers  only  to  the  Short-horns,  but  they  exist 
in  the  range  country  of  the  West  in  the 
greatest  numbers,  and  •  arc  comparatively 
scarce  eastward.  In  weight  Ilerefords  al¬ 
most  equal  Short-horns ;  however,  they  are 
shorter  of  leg  and  have  great  width.  Broad, 
bloeky  and  deep,  well  rounded,  with  great 
chest  capacity  and  having  a  vigorous  con¬ 
stitution,  Herefords  are  deservedly  popular 
with  western  beef  producers.  On  the  other 
hand,  their  early  maturity,  uniformity  of 
type  and  beef  making  ability  make  Here¬ 
fords  popular  with  cattle  feeders  in  the 
corn  belt  and  eastward.  The  picture,  Fig. 
141,  page  426,  shows  a  young  Hereford  bull 
fitted  for  the  sale  ring.  Note  the  straight 
back,  short  legs  and  neck  and  broad  short 
head  so  characteristic  of  good  beef  cattle. 
Hereford  color  is  characteristic,  being  a 
rich  red  with  white  on  face  and  head, 
brisket,  belly,  feet  and  brush  of  tail.  In 
some  animals  more  white  may  be  present, 
and  in  some  strains  or  families  the  color 
Is  a  very  deep  dark  red,  almost  black. 
Occasionally  we  see  a  Hereford  that  is 
rather  coarse  and  with  light  hindquarters, 
but  usually  they  are  highly  typical  beef 
animals. 

Pre-eminent  on  the  range,  white  faces 
come  to  market  largely  as  feeders  to  be 
finished  in  feed  lots  in  the  corn  belt,  and 
with  a  few  home-bred  ones  Hereford  cat¬ 
tle  are  a  quite  usual  sight  in  cattle  feeding 
sections  where  dependence  is  placed  on  se¬ 
curing  the  supply  of  feeders  from  western 
stock  yards  or  from  beef  herds  or  nearby 
farms.  Ilerefords  have  rather  large  horns, 
which  have  a  downward  tendency,  espe¬ 
cially  in  well-bred  bulls,  curve  outward 
considerably  and  in  many  cases  are  almost 
straight.  A  polled  strain  of  Herefords 
is  being  developed,  and  in  time  it  is  quite 
probable  that  Polled  Herefords  will  become 
very  prominent.  w.  e.  duckwall. 

Ohio.  ________ 

Alfalfa  for  Steers. — A  new  value  for 
Alfalfa  hay  is  learned  from  an  experiment 
in  feeding  steers  in  Nebraska.  The  report 
states :  “Steers  wintered  on  a  ration  of 
Alfalfa  or  one-half  Alfalfa  make  a  greater 
gain  during  the  Winter  and  the  Summer 
following  combined  than  steers  wintered  on 
prairie  hay  or  cane  alone.”  The  explana¬ 
tion  no  doubt  is  that  the  Alfalfa  makes 
a  better  growth  of  bone  and  muscle  which 
the  steers  “fill  up”  later. 


The  Mule  or  the  Cow. — Will  it  pay 
me  to  buy  a  Kentucky  jack  and  raise 
mules?  Do  you  think  it  will  pay  better 
than  cows?  Milk  now  $1.50  per  100 
pounds.  I  have  a  farm  of  200  acres, 
keep  20  milch  cows  and  seven  horses. 
Why  couldn’t  I  instead  of  keeping  seven 
horses  keep  about  10  mares  to  do  the 
farm  work  and  raise  mules  too?  Mule 
colts  from  six  to  eight  months  old  bring 
$70  each.  A  team  or  pair  of  mules  12  to 
35  years  old,  weight  about  2,000  pounds, 
bring  from  $300  to  $400.  F.  M. 

Pennsylvania. 

Here  is  a  question  for  discussion.  There 
are  many  sides  to  it.  Can  you  present  one 
of  them? 

Cost  of  Meat  or  Milk. — Our  Eastern 
dairymen  and  stock  feeders  try  to  figure 
the  cost  of  producing  a  pound  of  meat 
or  milk.  The  price  of  grain  and  fodder 
is  the  basis  for  this  figuring.  They  will 


be  interested  in  comparing  the  price  of 
such  food  in  Western  States.  The  Ne¬ 

braska  Experiment  Station  fed  some  steers 
as  an  experiment  and  gave  the  following 
prices  for  food  : 

Alfalfa,  per  ton . $6.00 

Prairie  hay,  per  ton .  5.00 

Cane,  per  ton .  4.00 

Corn,  per  bushel . 50 

Oats,  per  bushel . 35 

Cattle  per  100  pounds,  in  Spring.  .  .  .  4.25 
Cattle  per  100  pounds  in  Fall .  3.75 


We  have  assumed  that  the  cost  of  the 
pasture  during  the  Summer  was  equal  to  6 
per  cent  interest  on  8  acres  of  land  valued 
at  $8  per  acre,  plus  a  slight  charge  of  25 
cents  per  head  for  water.  This  amounts 
to  $4.09  per  head  for  the  Summer.  If  the 
pasturing  season  were  G  mouths  in  duration, 
the  charge  would  be  at  the  rate  of  68  cents 
per  month.” 

Horse  Breeding. — The  Nevada  Experi¬ 
ment  Station  has  this  about  horses : 

“The  Station  is  not  in  the  horse-breeding 
business.  Yet  the  farm  team  of  Perclieron 
mares  has  been  made  to  do  double  duty,  in 
that  they  have 'done  the  farm  work  and 
added  to  the  working  force  by  rearing  colts. 
One  of  the  original  team,  purchased  some 
five  years  ago,  died  from  blood  poisoning 
at  foaling  this  Spring.  She  had  been  a 
regular  breeder  and  leaves  four  colts,  any 
of  which  would  probably  bring  on  the 
market  double  the  amount  paid  for  the 
team.  One  of  these,  a  two-year-old  stal¬ 
lion,  weighing  over  1,900  pounds,  we  value 
at  $3,000,  and  consider  him  superior  to 
most  of  the  “company”  horses-  that  have 
been  sold  in  the  State  at  from  $2,500  to 
$3,500.  Besides  this  promising  colt,  we 
have  on  hand  a  pair  of  growing  mares, 
now  three  and  four  years  old,  ready  to 
take  the  place  of  the  old  team,  and  two 
younger-born  colts.  There  should  be  a  les¬ 
son  in  this  for  the  farmer.  When  the  farm 
work  is  not  too  heavy,  brood  mares  may 
be  used,  and,  if  big  and  sound,  and  par¬ 
ticularly  if  purebred,  may  be  made  to  yield 
a  very  considerable  income.” 


SEE  THAT 


this  trade-mark  is  on 
every  bottle  of  Cod 
Liver  Oil  you  buy; 
it  s  t  a  n  d  s  for  the 
original  standard 
and  only  genuine 
preparation  of  Cod 
Liver  Oil  in  the 
world — 


Scott’s  Emulsion 

Cod  Liver  Oil  preparations  with¬ 
out  this  trade-mark  are  only  cheap 
imitations,  many  of  them  containing 
harmful  drugs  or  alcohol.  Be  SURE 
to  get  SCOTT’S,  all  druggists 


SCAB — Cured 
CHOLERA— Prevented 

BY  THE  USE  OF 

MINOR’S  FLUID 

SHEEP  AND  HOG 

DIP 

Kills  ticks,  lice,  etc. 

Cures  mange,  scurvy 

The  W.  E.  Minor  Disinfectant  Co. 

1518  Columbus  Rd.  Cleveland,  O. 


UICK 


Highest  Grade— Sanitary 

Not  a  particle  of  wood  about  them 
Quick  to  open  — Quick  to  close  — 
Quick  to  please— Quick  shipments. 
Ask  for  1910  Catalogue. 

BOWEN  &  QUICK,  Mfrr.  Auburn,  N.Y. 


DELIVERED  FREE 

Set  Up  Free 
Started  Free 
Left  With  You  For 

FREE  TRIAL 

You  pay  no  freight— pay  nothing 
in  advance— risk  nothing— go  to  no 
trouble  — take  no  responsibility. 
That  is  the  sort  of  free  trial  you 
can  have  of  the 

SHARPLES 

Tubular  Cream 
Separator 


30 


Ask  us  for  it.  The  Dairy 
Tubular  is  later  than  and 
different  from  all  others. 
Twice  the  skimming 
force  of  common  sepa¬ 
rators,  therefore  skims 
faster  and  twice  as  clean. 
Repeatedly  pays  for  it¬ 
self  by  saving 
'cream  no  common 
separator  can  get. 
Free  from  disks  and  other 
contraptions.  Wears  a  life¬ 
time.  Guaranteed  forever 
by  America’s  oldest  and 
world’s  biggest  separator 
concern.  Farcheapertobuy 
one  Tubular  for  life  than 
risk  anything  on  any 
( so-called )  cheap 
machine,  the  average 
life  of  which  is  one  year. 
You  can  own  and  use  a 
Tubular  for  less  than  any 
other  make. 

Write  for 
catalogue 
No.  153  and 
free  trial. 


THE  SHARP1LES  SEPARATOR  CO. 

WEST  CHE8TKR,  I‘A. 

Chicago.  III.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Portland,  Ore. 
Toronto,  Can.  Winnipeg,  Pan. 


IX  ORSES 


THE  PEECIIERON  SOCIETY 
OF  AMERICA 

Has  just  taken  over  all  records  and  business 
of  Perclieron  Kegistery  Company  of  Colum¬ 
bus,  Ohio.  215  breeders  took  membership  in 
P.  8.  of  A.  during  Dec.  and  January  alone. 

137  more  new  members  added  thru  recent  ac- 
quirementnamed  above.  There  isnow  butone 
recognized  Society  in  the  United  States  record¬ 
ing  Percherons.  For  information  address: 

WAYNE  DINSMORE,  Secretary,  Union  Stock  Yards, Chicago, III. 


ERCHERON 

STALLIONS  and  MARES 

Imported  and  home-bred.  The  best  lot  ever 
shown  in  this  country.  Quality,  price,  guarantee  right. 
For  30  years  an  importer  and  breeder  of  prize  winners. 


E  L  W  O  O  D  S  .  AKIN 
170  South  Street,  Auburn,  N.  Y. 


Highland  View  Stock  Farm. 

Thirty-five  purebred  registered  Perclieron  Stallions 
and  Mares  for  sale.  Stallions  from  $300  up,  mares 
from  $400  up.  Address  all  correspondence  to 

O.  N.  WILSON,  Kittanning,  Pa. 


CH  Perclieron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
0U  at  farmers'  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
Oil  Penna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O. 


Si  W  X  3XT  33 


rnp  0  A  I  C-IMPR0VED  ENGLISH  YORKSHIRE  SWINE. 

rUfl  unLL  Young  bred  sows  and  young  boars 
ready  for  service,  also  young  pigs.  Address 

O.  H.  FARNHAM,  Brocton,  New  York. 


CHESHIRES 


ig.  P.  Chinas,  Berkshire,  C.  Whites. 

Fine,  large  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 

tm.  - -  Pups,  Beagles  and  Poultry. Writefor 

ces  &  circulars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Middletown  Pa. 

The  mother  that  is  prolific, 
kind,  a  good  milker,  and  care¬ 
ful  of  her  pigs.  Morning- 
side  Farm,  Sylvania,  Fa. 

(ELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNES,  Oxford,  N.  Y. 

illDfinC  THK  BIG,  DEEP  FEI-LOWS 

lUnUUO  that  grow  and  mature  quickly, 
gs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 

OMETHING  NICE-Duroe  Jersey  Swine,  Partridge 
and  Golden  Rock  Chickens,  Bourbon  Red 
urkeys,  Embden  Geese,  Crested  White  Ducks. 


LARGE  YORKSHIRE  HOGS 

Am  now  booking  orders  for  C  week  old  Pigs,  Regis¬ 
tered,  at  $15.00  per  pair.  If  you  aro  looking  for  the 
genuine  Bacon  Hog,  try  a  pair  this  spring.  Address 

HILLHUKST  FARM,  Orchard  Park,  N.  Y. 


I  ARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD-Special  Offering 
L  of  Service  Boars.  Good  useful  Boars,  $30  to  $40. 
Fanev  Boars  for  the  breeder  and  exhibitor,  $50  and 
un  They  should  develop  into  800-pound  boars  at 
maturity.  H.  C.  &  H.  B.  HARPENDING,  Dundee,  N.  Y. 


DAIRY  CATTXjE 


Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford,  Conn ..offer  the  fol- 

• — — - , - - — - -  lowjng  Gilt  Edge  Stock  for 

sale.  One  magnificent  Yearling  Guernsey  Bull  (reg¬ 
istered)  ;  one  full  blooded  Jersey  Bull  (registered). 
Dams  of  both  extra  heavy  producers.  Jersey 
Sire,  Hood  Farm  Pogis;  Guernsey  sire,  Fantim's 
Zac  Taylor  (imported).  One  registered  Berkshire 
Boar  5  mos.  old,  perfect  form  and  breeding  cannot 
be  beat.  One  Chester  White  Boar  9  mos.  old,  pure 
bred,  quick  and  sure,  an  exceptional  animal,  price 
right.  12  Single  and  Double  Comb  R.  I.  Red  Cock¬ 
erels  $3.00  each  (Tuttle  Strain).  Bred  for  utility  as 
well  as  beauty.  Full  blooded  Imperial  Pekin  Duck 
Eggs  for  hatching  $1.00  per  13 — $6.00  per  hundred. 
Full  blooded  S.  and  D.  C.  R.  I.  Red  Eggs  for  hatch¬ 
ing.  Guaranteed  100#  fertility  from.our  Utility  Pens. 
$1.00  per  16— $4.00  per  hundred.  The  above  stock  is 
guaranteed  to  be  pure  bred  and  the  price  is  right. 


HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  host 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somerville,  N.  J. 


ALLAMUCHY  FARM  HOLSTEINS 

We  offer  well  bred  hull  calves  out  of  A.  R.  O. 
dams  at  reasonable  prices.  Send  for  list  before 
placing  your  order.  ALLAMUCHY,  N.  J. 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEI  N-FRI  ESI  A  N  ASS’N  OF  AMERICA 
F.  L.  HOUGHTON,  SEC’ Y.  BOX  1 05.  BRATTLEBO  RO.  VT. 


Robinson’s  HOLSTEINS  are  Producers 

They  are  Tuberculin  Tested.  Forty  just  fresh  and 
that  will  freshen  in  the  next  two  months,  with 
milk  records  from  8,000  to  12,000  lbs.  in  the  last 
year.  V.  D.  ROBINSON.  Edmeston,  N.  Y. 


To  Avoid  Inbreeding:,  We  Will  Sell  Our 
HERD  BULL 

AMERICA  HE  KOL  BURKE, 

A  great  son  of  the  great  De  Kol  Burke.  It  will 
pay  you  to  come  and  see  him.  Write  for  pedigree. 
Several  young  calves  out  of  A.  It.O.  dams  for  sale. 

CLOVEIllhALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

C.  S.  Bunt,  Owner  J.  J.  Eden,  Manager 


LAUREL  FARM  JERSEYS 

breed  regularly,  and  their  calves  live.  Fern’s  Jubi¬ 
lee  still  beads  the  herd.  What  do  you  want  ? 

Will  also  sell  full  blooded  Morgan  filly,  coming 
2  and  a  beauty,  at  $100. 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 


Breed  Up-Not  DowRT.’rJf'i.SS™ 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  It.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Jersey  Bulls  For  Spring  Service 

From  Son  of  “The  Imported  Jap.”  Dams  are 
Flying  Fox,  Financial  King,  Stoke  Pogis,  and 
Combination  Blood.  Also  Fertile  Eggs  from 
Young's  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns,  Wrights  W.  Wyan- 
dottes,  and  Tuttle’s  R.  and  S.  (J.  R.  I.  Reds,  $1.00 
per  15,  $5.00  per  100  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

SHELDONCROFT,  Silver  Lake,  Pa. 
Clias.  B.  Dayton, Supt. 


REGISTERED  AYRSHIRES 

A  few  choice  young  cows,  also  young  stock  of  either  sex, 
from  first-class  milkers,  at  reasonable  prices.  Correspond¬ 
ence  solicited.  F.  H.  Cookingham,  Cherry  Creek,  N.  Y. 


Piiral/o  Qlnoli  Farm- Registered  Jersey  Bulls 
LUlCnd  OlUOK  I  dllll  and  Heifers,  0  months  to  2 
years  old.  Chester  White,  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  Pups  and  a  variety 
of  poultry.  Send  two-cent  stamp  for  circular. 

EDWARD  WALTER,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


PrnHirrPTW  for  New  Tfork  City  market 
r  i  UUUvti  o  desirjj)g  information  how  to 
form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otsiville.  N.  Y. 


DOGS 


PHI  I  1C  Dll  DC— From  imported  stock.  Females 

UULLIC  lUTO  cheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa 


SWINE 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old.  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  ,  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.- 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Pioorietor,  Marfaledale,  Conn. 


LARGE  BERKSHIRES 

Orders  booked  for  Spring  Pigs.  August  and 
September  pigs  from  litters  averaging  ten. 

.  .  .  Catalogue  on  application  .  .  . 

WILLOUGHBY  FARM,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 


Milk  Fever  Outfits. 

DE  HORNERS,  Teat  Syphons,  Slitters. 

Dilators,  etc.  Received  only  award 
World’s  Fairs  Chicago  and  St.  Louis. 

Write  for  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

HAUSSMANN  &  DUNN  CO. 

B93  South  Clark  Street.  Chicago,  III. 


Contains  full  information  and  complete  feeding  direction*  (or  using 


Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal — The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute 

Three  or  four  calves  can  be  raised  on  it  at  the  cost  of  one  where  milk  is  fed. 

Wo  mill  feed  The  only  calf  meal  manufactured  in  an  exclusive  Calf  Meal  Factory 
Established  at  Leicester,  England,  in  1800. 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory,  Waukegan,  Ill. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL-  N  E  W-Y  ORKER 


445 


CEMENT  FLOOR  FOR  STABLE. 

On  page  1083  1  see  an  article  on  con¬ 
crete  floors  and  as  to  the  proper  way  of 
laying  a  tight  concrete  floor.  In  regard 
to  putting  cement  on  a  two-inch  plank 
floor,  I  can  give  H.  A.  J.  a  plan  which 
will  last  him  for  centuries.  Lay  upon 
his  plank  a  layer  of  tar  paper  and  drive 
the  plank  full  of  six-penny  or  eight- 
penny  nails,  say  4x4  inches  each  way, 
leaving  the  heads  out  about  one  or  l'/2 
inch.  Upon  this  lay  a  good  layer  of 
woven  wire,  keeping  it  one  inch  from 
the  plank.  Upon  this  put  a  covering  of 
concrete  mixed  one  part  cement,  two 
parts  gravel  and  three  parts  sand,  gravel 
to  be  one-half  inch  or  not  larger  than 
three-fourths.  After  spreading  this  on 
2]/2  or  three  inches  thick,  well  moistened, 
tramp  it  to  make  it  fill  all  voids.  Trowel 
this  off  and  then  float  it  with  a  wooden 
float,  and  you  will  have  a  floor  that 
will  last  a  lifetime,  j.  p.  mansfield. 

Wisconsin. 


A  HORSE  SALESMAN  TALKS. 

I  have  had  an  experience  of  three  years 
as  a  salesman  and  four  years  as  manager  of 
the  original  firm  who  first  developed  the 
scheme  of  horse  companies,  and  I  never 
knew  a  company  to  be  a  financial  success. 
I  know  all  the  arguments  used,  the  influence 
of  20  men  being  better  than  one,  how  they 
will  all  work  for  the  success  of  the  horse, 
etc.,  but  when  you  come  to  results  it  is  all 
on  the  wrong  side  of  the  lodger.  The  costs, 
the  risks,  the  danger  of  dissatisfaction  in 
the  company  outweighs  the  profits  a  hun¬ 
dredfold.  If  10  farmers  want  a  horse 
don’t  buy  on  the  company  plan  from  a 
salesman,  for  if  they  do  the  result  spells 
failure  sure  as  fate,  but  let  them  send 
two  good  men  to  look  over  the  best  studs 
and  they  will  find  a  better  horse  for  two- 
thirds  to  three-quarters  the  cost.  And 
don’t  let  them  look  for  profit  on  their  in¬ 
vestment,  for  they  won’t  get  any  ;  but  their 
ptofit  will  come  from  improving  their  stock, 
if  any.  There  is  the  only  profit.  I  have 
seen  500  companies  formed,  and  I  don’t 
believe  one  of  them  ever  paid  a  cent  in  any 
other  way. 

I  note  what  Mr.  Okie  on  page  187  says, 
and  I  think  he  is  mistaken  on  several 
points.  First,  the  salesman  is  on  a  salary, 
and  does  not  sell  on  commission.  Second, 
notes  are  not  sold  on  any  20  per  cent 
discount,  at  least  I  never  sold  one  that 
netted  the  buyer  over  13  per  cent,  and  that 
was  in  the  days  when  money  was  worth 
more  than  it  is  now.  Third,  the  company 
would  have  to  net  more  than  $1,200  from 
a  $2,400  sale,  or  they  would  be  in  bank¬ 
ruptcy  inside  of  three  years,  unless  the 
horse  was  a  poorer  one  than  usual.  If  yon 
go  back  to  the  early  days  of  the  importation 
of  horses  and  ending  with  1896  you  will 
find  not  five  per  cent  able  to  retire  on  a 
fortune,  but  the  big  majority  went  broke. 
If  the  profits  had  been  so  big  this  would 
not  have  been  true.  I  find  very  few 
names  of  advertisers  that  were  there  20 
years  ago.  I  am  not  kicking  on  the  horse 
business,  for  I  believe  in  good  stock,  in 
fact,  it  is  the  only  road  to  success  to-day 
for  the  farmer,  but  I  am  saying  that  the 
average  farmers’  horse  company  is  doomed 
to  sorrow  and  loss  if  the  experience  of  the 
past  means  anything.  The  importers  of 
purebred  stock  have  done  more  for  the  up¬ 
lift  of  the  farmers  of  the  United  States 
than  any  other  single  agency,  but  that  does 
not  change  the  results  of  company  buying 
of  stallions  If  dollar  and  cent  profit  is  the 
main  or  only  object.  If  improving  stock 
is  the  main  object,  then  I  say  go  ahead,  and 
get  the  best  horse  you  can,  but  don’t  get 
him  through  an  agent  who  comes  to  your 
town  with  a  stallion,  but  go  to  the  im¬ 
porter  with  long  years  of  honorable  suc¬ 
cess  back  of  him,  and  get  a  good  horse,  and 
you  will  do  your  community  good,  although 
you  may  not  directly  make  a  dollar. 

SALESMAN. 


MORE  SHORT-HORN  DAIRY  COWS. 

I  read  with  interest  Mr.  Prince’s  able 
defence  of  the  dairy  Short-horn  cow  in 
your  issue  of  February  18.  The  following 
figures  will  further  support  his  contentions : 
The  year  record  champions  of  the  breed 
in  each  class  at  present  are :  Mature  form, 
Hose  of  Glonside,  1&,075  pounds  of  milk, 
735  pounds  of  butter ;  four-year-old,  Ma¬ 
mie  Clay  2d,  13,233  pounds  of  milk ;  three- 
year-old,  Doris  Clay,  10,617  pounds  of 
milk;  two-year-old,  Juliet,  10,395  pounds 
of  milk.  These  will  compare  favorably  with 
any  breed ;  in  fact,  in  some  cases  surpass 
the  records  in  the  same  classes  in  some  of 
the  breeds,  and  it  is  only  within  a  few 
years  that  such  records  have  been  accom¬ 
plished.  Rose  of  Glenside,  the  champion, 
has  at  a  little  over  nine  years  of  age  a 
record  of  seven  calves  and  an  average  of 


9,417  pounds  of  milk  per  year  for  seven 
years  in  succession.  She  has  two  daughters, 
Bessie  Buttercup,  ll,53G  pounds  milk  in 
one  year,  and  Rose  Buttercup,  9,158  pounds 
in  one  year  from  three  teats.  The  cham¬ 
pion  fonr-year-old,  Mamie  Clay  2d,  13,232 
pounds  milk  in  one  year,  has,  beginning  as 
a  two-year-old,  a  record  of  five  calves  and 
averaged  10,040  pounds  of  milk  per  year 
for  five  successive  years.  She  is  granddam 
of  the  champion  three-year-old  and  two- 
year-old,  Doris  Clay  and  Juliet.  Juliet  won 
second  in  the  butter-fat  contest  open  to 
all  breeds  at  the  1909  New  York  State  Fair, 
and  her  record  of  10,395  pounds  milk  in 
one  year  as  a  two-year-old  was  a  fine 
achievement,  as  she  was  with  calf  during 
the  last  six  months  of  her  test. 

The  claim  that  dairy  Short-horn  cows  do 
not  breed  on  is  easily  disposed  of.  The 
descendants  of  Kitty  Clay  2d  and  Joe 
Johnson  have  made  in  one  herd  records 
as  follows :  Twenty  records  over  10,000 
pounds  milk  in  one  year,  average  11,263 
pounds  each ;  55  records  averaging  10,011 
pounds  milk  each  in  one  year,  and  103 
records  averaging  9,357  pounds  milk  each 
in  one  year.  Mamie  Clay  calved  in  1891, 
and,  still  living,  has  at  present  descendants 
that  have  made  11  records  over  10,000 
pounds,  average  10,767  pounds  milk  each 
in  one  year;  21  records  averaging  10,052 
pounds  milk  each  in  one  year ;  28  records 
averaging  9,623  pounds  milk  in  one  year. 
One  herd  in  1910  had  13  cows  and  heifers 
that  made  an  average  of  10,054  pounds 
milk  each.  The  entire  herd  of  38  cows  and 
heifers,  one-half  of  them  two  and  three- 
year-old  heifers,  and  including  several  old 
and  farrow  cows,  averaged  in  1910  7,812 
pounds  of  milk  each.  There  are  numerous 
illustrations  of  the  merit  of  the  dairy 
Short-horns  as  dairy  cows.  We  have  bulls 
of  the  breed  whose  dam  and  sire’s  dam 
have  averaged  15.623  pounds  milk  each  in 
one  year,  something  I  believe  no  breed 
except  the  Holstein  can  show.  The  dairy 
Short-horn  is  an  existing  fact,  has  won 
many  friends,  and  is  worthy  and  moreover 
destined  to  occupy  a  prominent  place  in 
our  agriculture. 

W.  ARTHUR  SIMPSON, 

Secretary,  American  Dairy  Short-horn 
Association. 


Don’t  Wear  Out  the  Pump 

You  need  no  longer  work  the  handle  of  the 
old  pump — in  hot  weather  or  blizzard,  in  rain 
or  slush,  there  is  a  modern  way  that  gives  you 
running  water  for  every  purpose. 

Simply  turn  the  faucet,  at  any  time,  day  or 
night,  and  a  plentiful  supply  of  fresh  running 
water  is  instantly  at  hand. 

It’s  a  simple  matter  when  you  own  3 


.By  its  use  you  can  have  every  convenience  that  the 
city  man  enjoys— running  water  for  bathroom,  kit¬ 
chen,  laundry;  sprinkling,  watering  stock,  washing 
buggies  and  autos,  and  (very  important  to  you)  high 
pressure  for  fire  protection. 

Air  pressure  in  the  large  steel  tank,  in  your  cellar 
or  under  ground,  provides  the  force — and  your  plant 
is  protected  from  freezing,  windstorm  or  other 
danger  always.  It  will  last  a  lifetime  without 
repairs— and  the  cost  is  very  reasonable. 

The  book.  “The  Qu.es-  .  .  ,  ,  . 

tion  of  Water,”  tells 
you  all  about  it,  and  will 
be  sent  on  return  of  the 
coupon  below. 

Leader  Iron  Works 

Decatur,  Illinois 

Eastern  Division,  Owcgo,  N.  Y. 

New  York  Office,  15  William  St. 

Chicago  Office,  Monaduock  Block. 

_ 

■  Leader  Iron  Work*,  4008  Jasper  St-,  Decatur,  UL  ! 

S  cost  or  obligation,  mail  me  your  book.  ■ 

!  UTA1  Question  of  Water,”  with  full  particulars  S 

■  about  Leader  Water  Systems.  ■ 


Name 


!  R*  F.  2>.  or  Box . . . 

■ 

■ 

i  Town . state. 

■»■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ 


FREE  TO  FARMERS 

A  Valuable  160-page  book  entitled 

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Written  by  200  of  the  most  successful 
Feeders,  Farmers  and  Dairymen  In 
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as  long  as  our  supply  of  these  books 
last  we  will  mail  one  copy  free  to 
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Continuous  door  frame  complete  with 
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hoops  at  bottom. 

AIR  TIGHT 

Makes  winter  feed  equal  to  June 
grass.  THE  ROSS  will  more  than  pay 
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Box  13  8PRINUF1ELD.  OHIO 


•QLMC0  FEEDS"? 
Vr.1  NG  % 
Results^ 

The 
Milk  Can 
Tells 
the 
Story 


We  have  been  telling  you,  Mr.  Dairyman,  a  great  deal  about 
the  excellence'of  ELMCO  Feeds — about  their  profit  producing  quali¬ 
ties.  We  have  told  you  that  ELMCO  quality  is  accepted  by  pro¬ 
gressive  dairymen  as  the  standard  of  feeding  value.  But  all  these 
•arguments  don’t  get  you  anything.  You’ve  got  to  try  the  goods — 
you’ve  got  to  use  them  in  your  herd  before  you’ll  realize  how  true  "it 
all  is  and  what  you’ve  lost  by  using  something  else  that  is  expensively 
cheap.  A  dollar  or  two  saved  in  the 
first  cost  of  feed  usually  proves  to  be 
poor  economy. 


HALIT 


ELMCO  FEEDS 


MASK 


are  not  ordinary  mill  feeds.  They  are 
better — pure,  clean,  rich  feeds.  They’ll 
develop  poor  cattle  to  a  higher  standard  and  will  get  the  limit  of  re¬ 
sults  out  of  the  thorobred.  The  true  value  of  a  feed  can  usually  be 
found  in  the  price  it  commands.  ELMCO  Feeds  command  a  higher 
price  than  any  similar  feed  on  the  market  and  it  takes  an  output  of 
400  tons  daily  to  supply  the  demand 

Try  ELMCO  and  let  the  milk  can  tell  the, story.  Write  for 
samples,  analysis  and  prices  on  carloads  delivered  at  your  station. 
Do  it  now.  Y ou’ll  forget  to-morrow. 

LI  STM  AN  MILL  COMPANY, 

LA  CROSSE,  WIS. 


A  well  known  authority  on  profit¬ 
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scrub  cow,  it  may  be  the  fault  of  the  scrub  feeder.' 


ECONOMY  SILO 


Our  simpleyet  perfect-fitting  doors, 
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Kvery  silo  easy  to  erect.  Seasoned 
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Write  for  free  catalogue  with  proof 
of  our  claims  from  delighted  users. 

ECONOMY  SILO  A  MFC.  CO., 

Box  38-J  Frederick,  Md. 


GREEN  MOUNTAIN 

SILOS 

Three  bearings  all  around 
each  door  like  a  safe  or  re¬ 
frigerator  door.  Hoops  are 
stronger  than  others.  Staves, 
doors  and  fronts  soaked  in 
preservative  if  you  wish. 

Green  Mountain  Silos  differ 
from  other  round  silos. 

Free  catalogue  gives  details. 

Post  card  will  bring  it. 

CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MFG.  CO., 
338  West  Street,  Rutland,  Vt. 


HA 


HARDER  MFG.  CO. 

BOX  11  CQBLESKILL,  N.Y. 


TtV 


Philadelphia  SJ^QS 


have  a  10  year  reputation  for  strength  and  efficiency. 
Foeiitively  the  only  Silo9  made  that  have  an  Opening 
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Horse  Owners:  Ten  Cents 

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Cuts  Fodder,  Fills  §ilo 

Like  Lightning-Single  Handed! 


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farms  are  the  powerful,  double-energy 
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for  size  and  price  l’or  price— than,  any  other 
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INCH  blower  pi pe  is  necessary ;  would  clog  a  bill  a  Lie  r  pipe. 

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feed  table,  metal-faced  (see  circle  at  left),  so  constructed 
that  chain  cannot  interfere  with 
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SMALLEY  MFG.  CO. 

I  Established  1857) 

It  Rich  St.  ...Manitowoc,  WIs. 


THE  UNADILLA  SSLO 

IS  THE  SENSATION  OF 
THE  AGRICULTURAL  WORLD 

Because  it  has  an  adjustable  door 
front  to  and  from  doors. 

Because  no  hammer  is  needed  to 
release  doors. 

Because  doorscan  ho  unlocked,  moved 
in  frame  and  relocked  50  times. a  n  >  i  mite. 

Write  for  catalogue  describin'  the 
above  features  and  testimonials,  aud 
our  “TWENTY -FIVE  REASONS." 

We  also  manufacture  Farm  Water 
Tubs  and  are  New  F.ngland  representa¬ 
tives  for  Papec  Cutters  aud  are  in  posi¬ 
tion  to  quote  low  prices  upon  receipt  of  inquiry. 

Extra  discount  for  early  orders.  Agents  warned. 
THE  UNADILLA  SILO  CO..  Iric.,  Box  B.  UNADILLA.  N.  Y. 


4-4Q 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


April  1, 


DAIRY  SHORTHORNS  ONCE  MORE. 

On  page  214,  under  heading,  “Good 
Words  for  the  Short-horn,”  you  print  a 
criticism  of  my  article  of  December  17  last, 
page  1170,  headed,  “Dairy  and  Beef  Com¬ 
bination  Impossible.”  I  said  in  that  arti¬ 
cle,  referring  to  the  two  types  of  cow,  "It 
is  not  possible  to  combine  the  excellence 
which  they  each  represent  in  the  same  in¬ 
dividual  or  breed.”  Mr.  Prince,  if  I  under¬ 
stand  him,  says  this  is  a  “mistaken  idea.” 
I  said  of  the  Short-horns  in  the  dairy  test 
at  the  Columbian  Exposition,  “They  failed 
to  make  good.”  He  says  “There  is  where 
he  falls  down.”  In  the  90-day  butter  test 
at  this  exposition  25  cows  each  of  three 
different  breeds  competed.  No  one  will  dis¬ 
pute  that  the  Jerseys  and  Guernseys  were 
dairy  cows  and  nothing  else.  The  Short¬ 
horns  were  of  the  so-called  milking  strain, 
Here  is  the  result  of  the  test  in  tabulated 
form.  It  shows  that  it  cost  24  per  cent, 
more  to  produce  butter  from  milking  Short¬ 
horns  than  from  an  average  of  the  Jer¬ 
seys  and  Guernseys : 


Chicago  ~ 
Test  g 

u 

2 

4S 

0 

« 

Gain 

Live 

Weight 

Cost  of 
Feed 

Cost  of 
Butter 
per  lb. 

Net. 

Gain 

Jersey . 73,448 

4,274 

776  $587.50 

$  .138  $1,283.21 

Guernsey .. (11,781 

3,360 

365 

484.14 

.144 

9H 7. 64 

Shorthorn.  66,263 

2,890 

2,803 

50,179 

.176 

910.12 

An  allowance  of  4%  cents  per  pound 
was  fixed  on  gain  in  live  weight  In  this 
test,  which  Is'  figured  in  the  net  gain. 
This  was  a  dairy  contest.  Note  the  cost 
of  producing  butter,  and  of  the  beef  ten¬ 
dency  in  these  milking  Short-horns  to  put 
flesh  on  their  backs,  instead  of  milk  in  the 
pail. 

In  one  of  the  Wisconsin  cow  censuses  taken 


some  years  since  by  Hoard’s  Dairyman,  the 
following  result  was  obtained  as  published 


in  that  paper : 


£S 

Wisconsin 

”  o 
mO 

Cow  Test 

n  o 
go< 

& 

Jerseys . . . 

.4,798 

Holsteios . 

.6,081 

Guernseys . 

.6,141 

Mixed  Dairy . 

.4.455 

Natives . 

.4,541 

Dairy  Shorthorn.... 

.6,436 

Gen'l  purpose  “  ..... 

.4,219 

Brown  Swiss  on  Jer 

sey  Foundation... 

.5,236 

u 

© 

a  „ 

u 

© 

eturns  fro 
Creamery 
from  $1 .00 
tVorth  Feet 

+3 

CO 

5-i 

s£ 

o 

et  Prof! 
Cow 

CL 

K 

Zi 

244.7 

$1.62 

$17.58 

255. 

1.64 

16.99 

252.5 

1.60 

17.92 

208.5 

1.44 

12,14 

203.6 

1.31 

8.77 

240.8 

1.48 

14.77 

194.4 

1.22 

7.08 

267.8 

1.35 

12.43 

The  average  annual  returns  from  the 
creamery  for  the  three  dairy  breeds  head¬ 
ing  the  list  show  a  profit  of  58.6  per  cent, 
on  the  investment  for  feed.  The  dairy 
Short-horns  show  49  per  cent.,  and  the 
general  purpose  Short-horns  22  per  cent. 

Following  is  shown  the  result  of  an  ex¬ 
periment  made  at  the  Minnesota  Station : 


Minnesota 

Experiments 


to 

*3 

I 

3 


Beef  Type . 3 

Less  Beet  Type . 4 

Lacking  Depth  of  Body.  3 
Dairy  Type . 12 


© 

► 

as 

to 

UZl  & 

5  « 

r-«  ^ 

—  c 

©  be 

«W  © 

bCT? 

> 

< 

w  _  O 

sg- 

►>«  i- 
i-  03  Qj 

AHCh 

©o 

s* 

1,240 

16.16 

17.5 

945 

21.02 

15.1 

875 

23. 

14.6 

951 

23.58 

12.1 

The  third  column  shows  amount  of  dry 
matter  eaten  daily  per  1,000  pounds  of  live 
weight.  The  table  shows  that  it  cost  over 
22  per  cent,  more  to  produce  fat  from  the 
seven  beef  type  cows  than  from  the  15 
spare  and  dairy  type  cows.  So  much 
for  the  merit  of  beef  type  or  dual-purpose 
animals  compared  with  the  dairy  cow  for 
milk.  As  regards  tbe  merits  of  the  two 
classes  for  beef.  Prof.  Henry,  author  of 
“Feeds  and  Feeding,”  says,  "We  are  thus 
unable  from  tbe  data  at  hand  to  show  a 
pound  of  feed  goes  further  in  making  gain 
with  beef  bred  animals  than  with  those 
not  especially  designed  for  that  purpose. 
It  apears  that  tbe  beef  representatives 
when  fattening  place  a  larger  portion  of 
the  fat  between  the  muscular  fibers  of  the 
tissues.  Steers  of  the  dairy  breeds  on 
the  other  hand  deposit  much  fat  about  the 
Intestines  and  kidneys.  While  fat  stored, 
as  in  the  dairy  breeds,  may  be  best  placed 
for  animals  designed  for  milk  production, 
such  disposition  is  certainly  against  their 
usefulness  in  beef  production.  In  this 
distinction  we  have  a  remarkable  example 
of  the  effort  toward  specialization  in  the 
beef  and  dairy  breeds,  and  the  lesson  is 
Important  and  far-reaching.”  Below  is 

the  record  »of  18  steers,  representing  nine 
breeds,  ranging  from  purebred  beef,  through 
dual  purposes,  to  pure  dairy  animals  fat¬ 
tened  by  the  Iowa  Experiment  Station, 
shipped  to  Chicago  and  passed  upon  by  <a 
committee  of  three  stock  buyers  : 


Average  Expert 
Breed  Live  Weight,  Valuation 
pounds.  Per  100  lbs. 

Hereford  . 1,525  $6.62^ 

Short-horn  . 1,660  6.37^ 

Galloway  . 1,635  6.37 

Aberdeen  Angus . 1,725  6.37^ 

Red  Polled . . . 1,520  6.25 

Swiss  . 1,570  6.00 

Devon  . 1,290  5.75 

Holstein  . 1,410  5.00 

Jersey  . 1,430  4.50 


Here  is  a  difference  between  highest  and 
lowest  of  32  per  cent.  The  data  above  pre¬ 
sented  with  the  exception  of  the  Wisconsin 
census  is  accessible  to  all,  and  can  be  found 
in  Henry’s  “Feed  and  Feeding.”  The  les¬ 
son  seems  plain.  The  splendid  qualities  of 
the  dairy  cow  on  the  one  hand  and  of  the 
beef  cow  on  the  other,  each  the  result  of 
generations  of  selection  for  opposite  pur¬ 
poses  are  not  to  be  found  combined  in 
any  animal  or  breed.  In  this  beef  ex¬ 
periment  the  Short-horn  is  near  tbe  head. 
In  the  dairy  census  her  half-sister,  the  gen¬ 
eral  purpose  Short-horn  is  at  the  foot.  In 
any  thoroughbred  test  where  all  breeds  and 
types  are  represented,  the  dual  purpose  ani¬ 
mal  will  be  found  in  the  middle,  designed 
for  two  things,  and  unable  to  do  either 
well.  H.  H.  HERRING. 


Garget. 

I  have  a  cow  that  gave  thick  milk  out 
of  two  teats  before  she  was  dried  up ;  now 
she  has  been  fresh  about  three  weeks,  and 
she  still  gives  thick  milk.  Can  you  tell 
me  what  caused  it,  and  what  to  do  for 
it?  G.  E.  K. 

New  York. 

Infective  matters  have  invaded  the  ud¬ 
der.  Milk  out  three  times  a  day.  Twice 
daily  foment  affected  quarters  with  hot 
water  and  after  drying  rub  well  with  a 
mixture  of  one  part  fluid  extract  of  poke 
root  and  three  parts  of  melted  lard,  used 

warm.  Protect  udder  against  chill  and 

bruising.  a.  s.  a. 

Lameness. 

I  have  a  horse  that  is  lame,  the  cause 
of  which  is  supposed  to  be  an  injured 
tendonous  sheath  of  the  ankle  joint  (left 
hind  ankle).  There  is  a  bunch  at  this 
joint  on  outside,  which  is  like  a  wind  puff, 
and  is  hard  when  standing  on  that  foot ; 
when  not  .it  is  soft.  On  inside  of  leg  it 
is  enlarged  some.  This  injury  was  caused 
by  horse  trying  to  back  when  foot  was 
caught  in  pronged  root.  Can  you  prescribe 
a  treatment  that  will  cure  this  horse? 

New  York.  N.  e.  w. 

Have  the  affected  parts  line-fired  and 
blistered  by  a  qualified  veterinarian  and 
then  allow  the  horse  six  weeks  rest. 

A.  S.  A. 

Grease. 

I  have  a  horse  with  right  hind  foot 
swollen  to  some  extent ;  hard  scabby  sub¬ 
stance  on  the  back  of  the  foot  between 
the  fetlock  and  the  hoof.  I  washed  it  with 
water  and  castile  soap  and  applied  hoof 
grower  to  keep  it  soft,  also  used  liniment 
to  help  heal  it  up.  It  seemed  to  heal  up 
all  right,  but  has  now  broken  out  again, 
and  seems  to  be  worse  than  before,  as  it 
has  worked  farther  around  on  one  side 
towards  the  front  of  the  foot.  I  keep  the 
horse  in  a  box  stall  all  the  time  and  feed 
him  on  mi^cd  hay  and  about  eight  or  nine 
quarts  of  ground  oats  a  day,  with  an 
occasional  warm  bran  mash,  also  some  car¬ 
rots.  He  is  quite  a  hard  keeper;  had  his 
teeth  filed  last  Fall.  His  appetite  is  very 
strong.  I  do  not  have  much  work  to  do 
with  him  now.  As  far  as  I  can  see  he  is 
not  lame  at  all,  but  it  is  a  trifle  tender 
when  pressed.  He  is'  about  15  years  of 
age.  Can  you  tell  me ,  what  is  the  mat¬ 
ter  ?  A.  H. 

Pennsylvania. 

Over-feeding  and  idleness  cause  such 
chronic  troubles  and  the  cause  must  be 
removed  else  the  ailment  will  persist.  Put 
the  horse  to  steady  daily  work  or  turn 
him  out  of  doors  and  make  him  live  on 
grass  alone  during  the  Summer.  Do  not 
feed  grain  of  any  sort  and  never  feed 
ground  oats  to  a  horse ;  make  a  horse  chew 
whole  grain.  Keep  the  affected  parts  satu¬ 
rated  with  a  thick  creamy  mixture  of  flow¬ 
ers  of  sulphur  and  raw  linseed  oil,  to  each 
pint  of  which  .  add  half  an  ounce  of  coal 
tar  disinfectant.  Do  not  wash  the  legs. 

A.  s.  A. 


Dip  N21 


MORE  MONEY 

GIVES 

MORE  SATISFACTION. 

NO  STOCK  CAN  THRIVE  IF  PESTERED 
WITH  LICE, TICKS, MITES, FLEAS, 
SCAB, MANGE, AND  OTHER  SKIN; 
DISEASES. 

TO  CLEAN  OUT  ThESE 
PARASITES,  GUARD  AGAtNST 
CONTAGIOUS  DISEASES, 
CLEANSE,  PURIFY,  AND 
DEODORIZE. USE 


BETTER  THAN  OTHERS, BECAUSE,  IT  IS 

STANDARDIZED, 

UNIFORM,  DEPENDABLE.  EFFICIENT.  ONE 
GALLON  OF  KRESO  DIP  NO.I  MAKES  60 
TO  100  GALLONS  OF  SOLUTION(DEPENDING 
«  UPON  WHAT  USE  IS  TO  BE  HADE  OF  IT.) 

REAL  NECESSITY  ABOUT 
HORSES,CATTLE, SHEEP, SWINE, 
DOGS,  GOATS  AND  POULTRY. 

FOR  SALE  BY  ALL  DRUGGISTS. 
WRITE  FOR  FREE  CIRCULARS.  ASK  FOR  LEAFLET 
DESCRIBING  A  NEW  CEMENT  HOG  WALLOW, 

-s  ARE  INTERESTED. 

PARKE, DAVIS  &  CO. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ANIMAL 
INDUSTRY. 

DETROIT, MICH 
U.S. 


YOU 


“MEN 

DE 


WHO  KNOW” 

USE  THE 


LAVAL 


CREAM  SEPARATOR 

Does  it  not  mean  a  great  deal  to  YOU,  the  prospective 
buyer  of  a  Cream  Separator,  that  such  men  as 

Andrew  Carnegie,  the  great  steel  magnate 
F.  G.  Bourne,  Pres’t  Singer  Sewing  Machine  Co. 

J.  O.  Armour,  head  of  Armour  &  Co. 

Henry  Williams,  Pres’t  Sherwin-Williams  Paint  Co. 

John  Arbuckle,  the  great  coffee  merchant 

J.  C.  Hoagland,  Pres’t  Royal  Baking  Powder  Co. 

C.  L.  Tiffany,  of  the  great  New  York  jewelers 
C.  W.  Seamans,  Pres’t  Remington  Typewriter  Co. 
Geo.  J.  Gould,  the  great  railway  Magnate 
Hon.  Wm.  J.  Gaynor,  Mayor  of  New  York 

and  many  othei’S  like  them,  good  dairy  farmers  as  well  as  great 
leaders  in  every  sphere  of  human  endeavor,  each  of  whom  is 
possessed  of  much  personal  experience  and  a  thousand  authori¬ 
tative  sources  of  separator  information,  are  among  the  1,250,000 
satisfied  users  of  DE  LAYAL  Cream  Separators? 


THE  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  CO. 


165-167  Broadway 

NEW  YORK 

173-177  W i i.i. i a m  Street 

MONTREAL 


29  E.  Madison  Street 

CHICAGO 

14  k  16  Princess  Street 

WINNIPEG 


Drumm  k  Sacramento  Sts. 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

1016  Western  Avenue 

SEATTLE 


Sheared  by  Hand 


Sheared  by  Machine 


Which  Way  Do  You  Shear? 

Il  takes  an  expert  to  use  tbe  old  band  shear  well  and  tbe  work  is  bard  and  irksome.  It 
means  tired,  swollen  wrists  and  aching  back.  It  means  second  cuts  in  the  wool,  uneven 
shearing  arid,  very  often,  injury  to  the  sheep.  With  a  Stewart  Shearing  Machine  all  that 
is  changed.'  Anyone  can  operate  it  and  do  good  work.  It  turns  easy,  shears  fast  and 
even,  does  not  put  any  second  cuts  in  the  wool  and  gets  from  15c  to  40c  worth  more 
from  each  sheep  than  the  hand  shear. 

This  Stewart  Ball  Bearing 
Shearing  Machine  No.  9 


has  all  gears  cut  from  the  solid  steel  bar  and  made  file  hard.  They  are  all  enclosed  and 
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shearing  head  itself  are  fitted  with  hall  bearings.  As  a  result  it  turns  easier  and  shears 
faster  than  any  other  machine.  Price  of  this  machine,  com¬ 
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1911. 


THE  RURAL*  NEW-YORKER 


447 


MAKING  AN  OX  YOKE. 

H.  W.  S.  is  correct  as  to  oxen  being  a 
solution  as  a  team  for  a  poor  man,  but 
should  not  lose  sight  of  the  fact  that  they 
are  the  most  profitable  team  for  the  large 
farmer.  I  do  not  mean  one  yoke  of  oxen 
with  one  man  and  one  plow,  but  two  teams 
abreast  and  let  one  man  turn  three  fur¬ 
rows.  The  time  is  coming  when  the  gaso¬ 
line  motor  is  practical  for  the  moderately 
large  farm,  but  for  the  present  oxen  are 
the  best  except  on  the  large  western  tracts. 
The  economical  sized  farm  is  one  that  will 
keep  two  yoke  of  oxen  and  a  1,200-pound 
team  of  horses,  with  another  horse  to  drive 
and  fill  in  as  the  third  horse  where  needed. 
The  oxen  will  do  all  of  the  heavy  work, 
including  the  hauling  of  hay  and  grain. 
Horses  cultivate  the  corn  and  do  the  mow¬ 
ing  and  reaping.  It  will  need  three  horses 
on  the  binder,  although  the  oxen  will  do 


2.* HOLES  EOHBOm 


fenugreek,  red  pepper,  charcoal  and  sul¬ 
phur  as  a  tonic,  and  how  much  would  you 
advise  using?  W.  E.  C. 

Yashon,  Wash. 

To  get  eggs  in  paying  quantities  dur¬ 
ing  the  Fall  and  Winter  months,  up  to 
and  including  January,  it  is  necessary 
to  rely  almost  entirely  upon  pullets 
which  were  hatched  the  preceding 
Spring,  unless  you  have  an  extra  good 
strain  of  layers  which  have  been  selected 
and  bred  for  their  laying  qualities  in¬ 
stead  of  their  standard  qualifications. 
The  American  Standard  of  Perfection 
does  not  take  the  laying  qualities  of  a 
bird  into  consideration  at  all  at  the  pres¬ 
ent  time.  You  are  certainly  taking  good 
care  of  your  flock,  and  I  am  unable  to 
suggest  much  improvement  unless  it 
would  be  slightly  to  increase  the  green 
cut  bone.  If  you  would  select  a  few  of 
your  best,  layers  to  breed  from  and  con- 


STAPLE 


* —  9"  — H  i^-  8"  ?j*r-  s" 

DIAGRAM  OF  OX  YOKE.  Fir,.  149. 

the  binding  if  a  right-band  cutting  ma-  tinue  this  practice  for  a  few  years,  selling 
.bine  is  used.  One  good  yoke  of  oxen  off  all  old  stock  every  Fall,  except  the 
will  handle  about  the  same  load  as  three  best  layers  which  are  required  for  breed¬ 
ers,  I  think  you  will  find  that  your  dis¬ 
couraging  experience  this  Winter  will 


horses,  although  not  quite  so  fast. 

H.  W.  S.  is  wrong  in  his  idea  of  fast 
oxen,  or  of  working  in  harness.  Work  them 
at  an  ox  gait  and  load  heavily.  An  ox 
is  as  much  out  of  place  in  a  collar,  so 
far  as  easy  work  is  concerned,  as  would 
be  a  horse  In  a  yoke.  The  yoke  is  just  the 
reason  the  ox  can  haul  the  larger  load, 
lie  lifts  and  pushes,  and  the  horse  can 
only  push.  Do  not  make  the  mistake  of 
using  a  straight  yoke.  The  stick  from 
which  yoke  is  made  should  be  of  light 
wood  (basswood  is  good)  and  Gxl2  inches. 
If  any  of  the  readers  happened  to  see  that 
yoke  that  was  in  the  California  exhibit  at 
the  World’s  Fair  in  Chicago  he  saw  not 
only  a  work  of  art,  but  a  yoke  in  which  a 
pair  of  oxen  could  haul  a  three-horse  load 
easily.  Not  only  use  a  good  yoke  to  work 
them  in,  but  use  a  good  one  when  training. 
See  that  it  fits. 

I  send  you  a  rough  sketch  (Fig.  149) 
diagramming  a  yoke  the  right  size  for  the  ave¬ 
rage  size  ox.  Take  a  stick  6x12  inches  and 
draw  a  line  one  inch  from  and  parallel  with 
one  edge.  Lay  off  eight  inches  and  square. 
Open  compass  eight  inches  and  describe  a 
Half  circle  around  the  point  where  the  two 
lines  intersect,  which  will  leave  three  inches 
at  the  top  of  circle.  Turn  the  compass 
along  base  line,  which  will  lay  off  eight 
inches  and  square.  This  will  be  the  exact 
center  of  yoke.  The  other  half  is  drawn 
the  same  way.  Now  lay  off  two  inches  on 
each  side  of  center  line,  from  which  points 
draw  lines  that  will  intersect  with  the  half 
circle.  Lay  off  four  inches  on  each  side 
of  the  line  that  passes  through  the  center 
of  the  half  circle,  making  eight  inches  at 
the  top  of  yoke  and  nine  inches  at  the  bot¬ 
tom.  This  is  the  line  for  boring  the  holes 
f  »r  the  bows.  In  other  words,  the  centers 
of  the  bows  should  be  eight  inches  at  top 
and  nine  inches  at  bottom.  Bore  from  the 
top  with  two-inch  auger  far  enough  to  pass 
the  half  circle.  Now  you  are  ready  to  block 
out  the  yoke.  Block  square  and  round 
over  the  neck  and  down  to  the  staple.  This 
rounding  is  important,  and  should  be  done 
right.  The  ball  of  the  thumb  is  the  shape 
of  the  rounding  portion  where  it  rests  on 
the  necks.  Have  staple  made  with  parallel 
portion  just  far  enough  apart  to  let  ring 
pass,  and  large  enough  at  bottom  so  chain 
will  easily  pass  through.  Pass  six  3-8-inch 
bolts  at  points  indicated  by  dots.  Staple 
-hould  be  15-16  inch  iron  and  ring  3-4 
inch.  One  can  buy  a  nice-looking  straight 
yoke  cheaper  than  he  can  make  one,  but 
1  have  never  found  one  in  stock  in  which 
an  ox  can  work  easily.  People  who  make 
these  stock  yokes  would  not  know  how 
to  use  them  and  know  nothing  about  what 
is  required  for  a  good  yoke. 

NAT  L.  ROWE. 


A  Washington  Laying  Flock. 

*  have  recently  purchased  a  poultry 
anch,  stocked  with  S.  C.  White  Leghorns, 

hen«  P a  nfits  il  IayiaS  age,  300  one-year-old 
uens  and  100  two-year-olds,  which  have 

.iT?,  !n  aa  °P'-n  front  (curtained) 
.  24x1 12.  divided  into  four  rooms, 
iney  have  been  in  the  house  since  October 
t  cnoL1118?1’  after  they  are  on  the  perch, 

mpreuL er  lne  l,t1Ler  three  gallons  of  com- 
mercial  scratch  feed ;  at  10  a.  m.  I  give 

mnohSamG  ’  2*  2  P-  m.  nine  gallons  of 
comprised  of  200  pounds  bran,  200 
orUhfSi  eornineaI,  200  pounds  rolled  oats 
nnt?  ey.  an,d  100  pounds  of  shorts.  The 
ut.n  are  steamed  before  being 

hnr,<I’  addm&  three  pounds  of  green  ground 
vHt°  c°h  neef  cracklings  for  each  100  hens ; 
forornnJ!  and,  charcoal  in  hoppers  always; 
also  Alfalfa  leaves  in  hopper; 

' °  yarned  and  added  to  mash  at  4 
eorn  Us  ^ns  .o£  efiual  parts  cracked 

before  n<tnWheat n n  ^tter  ;  fresh  soft  water 
thorofiehnremi  a  .i  of  the  -time.  Houses 
gettimr°h3n  clTaned  weekly.  As  I  am  only 
dozen  eggs  a  week  and  my 

vondweTi0r  goLfoiIr  tiroes  that,  what  think 
jou  is  the  matter?  What  do  you  think  of 


prove  to  be  a  “blessing  in  disguise.”  One 
of  the  most  serious  handicaps  to  the 
poultry  business  at  t  'e  present  time  is 
that  the  birds  have  jeen  bred  promis¬ 
cuously  from  anything  and  everything, 
more  often  for  fancy  points  than  any¬ 
thing  else,  until  we  have,  so  far  as  my 
observation  has  reached,  no  better  stock 
than  we  had  several  years  ago,  consider¬ 
ing  the  utility  qualities  only.  I  cannot 
advise  the  use  of  tonics  except  as  a 
medicine.  c.  S.  G. 


You  Insure 
Your  Buildings 

against  wind  and  light¬ 
ning.  Do  you  protect 
them  against  weathering  ? 

Rain  and  frost  get  into 
every  little  grain  and  crack 
of  the  boards  of  an  unpainted 
building  and  cause  early  rot 
and  ruin. 

Paint  made  of 

“Dutch  Boy  Painter” 
White  Lead 

and  genuine  linseed  oil  gives  buildings  a 
coating  weather  can’t  get  through.  It 
saves  repair  bills  and  early  rebuilding. 

Get  "Dutch  Boy  Fainter”  White  Lead  for 
your  painter — you  can  tell  it  by  the  Dutch  Boy 
painter  on  every  keg. 

We  want  you  to  write  for  our  “ Helps 
No.  1108  which  answer  all  Questions 
about  painting. 

National  Lead  Company 

New  York  Cleveland  Chicago 

St.  Louis  Boston  Buffalo 

Cincinnati  San  Francisco 
John  T.  Lewis  A  Bros.  Co.,  Philadelphia 
National  Lead  &  Oil  Co.,  Pittsburgh 


The  Best  Way  To  ConserveThe 
Natural  Resources  0 f  \our  Farm 

YOUR  land  is  your  biggest  asset.  On  its  power  to  grow  good 
crops  depends  your  very  livelihood.  What  are  you  doing  to 
insure  its  continued  fertility— your  future  prosperity? 

There  is  a  great  national  movement  on  foot  now  for  “The 
Conservation  of  Our  Natural  Resources.”  Don’t  think  this  ap¬ 
plies  only  to  our  forests  and  coal  mines.  The  soil,  too,  has  been 
drained  of  its  natural  wealth  by  season  after  season  of  bumper 
crops.  For  your  own  good,  join  the  soil  conservation 
movement  now.  Begin  on  your  own  farm.  There  is  a 
practical,  economical,  profitable  way.  Invest  in  an 

I  H  C  Manure  Spreader 

as  hundreds  of  other  farmers  have  done.  By  distribu¬ 
ting  your  manure  with  one  of  these  efficient  machines 
you  can  keep  your  land  always  in  top-notch  condition. 
Barnyard  manure  is  rich  in  the  elements  that  enrich  the 
soil,  and  an  I  H  C  Manure  Spreader  enables  you  to 
distribute  it  in  the  way  to  use  all  of  it  to  the  best 
advantage.  I  H  C  Spreaders  are  so  designed  that 
the  manure  can  be  spread  in  just  the  right  amount 
^required  by  the  condition  of  the  soil — a  heavy  coat 
where  it  is  most  needed — a  light 


top  dressing  where  that  is  best. 
They  are  simple  and  strong  in 
every  part.  Their  dependability  has 
been  proved  by  years  of  service. 

I  H  C  Spreaders  are  made  in  three  styles  : 

Kemp  20th  Century 
Corn  King  Cloverleaf 

in  sizes  suitable  for  any  size  farm. 

Call  on  the  I  H  C  local  dealer  and  see  the  one 
best  adapted  to  your  needs.  Ask  him  about  the 
bigger  profits  I  H  C  Spreaders  are  bringing  to 
users.  If  you  prefer,  write  direct  fori  H  C  Spreader 
catalogue  and  full  information. 

Internationa!  Harvester  Company  of  America 

(Incorporated) 


I  H  C 

Service  Bureau 

The  purpose  of 
this  Bureau  is  to 
furnish  farmers  with 
information  on  bet¬ 
ter  farming.  If  you 
have  any  worthy 
question  concerning 
soils,  crops,  pests, 
fertilizer,  etc,,  write 
to  the  IHC  Service 
Bureau,  and  learn 
what  our  experts 
and  others  have 
found  out  concern¬ 
ing  those  subjects. 


Chicago 


USA 


NATURAL  Ground  PHOSPHATE 


lit  Rotating  Your 
Crops  don’t  fail  J 
to  apply  Natural 
t  i  n  e-Ci  round 
Phosphate  when 
breaking  your  clover, 
grass  or  grain  stubble 
sods.  •, This  is  the  best 
time  to  apply  it  to  the 
soil  direct  Address 


THE  RELIABLE 

LAND 

BUILD 
ER 


The  right  amount 
applied  just  then, 
at  not  over  $1.00 
per  acre  cost  per 
crop, will  increase 
each  crop  grown  dur¬ 
ing  the  rotation  from  50 
to  75X  Write  for  free 
Booklet,  telling  all 
about  it. 


THE  FARMERS  GROUND  ROCK  PHOSPHATE  CO.EsIel 


Bickmore’s 


Harness  and  Saddle  Gails 


all 

ure 


Quinn's  Ointment 

iloes  for  tho  horse  what  no  other  remedy  can  do. 
There’s  not  a  curb,  splint,  spavin,  wind  puff  or  hunch 
that  it  will  not  remove.  Sure  and  speedy.  Thous¬ 
ands  of  horse  owners  use  it — Quinn’s  alone.  They 
regard  it  as  the  unfailing  remedy. 

PRICE  91.00  PER  BOTTLE. 

At  all  druggists  or  sent  by  mail.  Testimonials  free. 

W.  B.  Eddy  &  Co.,  Whitehall,  New  York. 


Great  hot  weather  remedy  for  galls,  sore 
shoulders,  wire  cuts,  sores.  A  healing,  cur¬ 
ing  salve  in  use  18  years;  standard  remedy 
with  horsemen.  Cures  while  horse  work  s.  Sold 
by  dealers  ;  money  back  if  it  falls.  Send  5c 
(for  postage  and  packing)  and  get  sample 
and  84-page  valuable  horse  book. 

Bickmore  Call  Cure  Company 

Box  232  Old  Town,  Maine 


WHEELS,  FREIGHT  PAID,  $8.75 

for  4  Buggy  Wheel*,  Steel  Tires.  With  Rubber  Tires, 
$15.20.  I  maoufacture  wh^ela  %  to  4  in.  tread.  Buggy 
Tops  $5.50,  Shafts  $2.00,  Top  Buggies  $2;{,  Harness  $5* 
L/*arn  how  to  buy  direct.  Catalog  free.  R-^air  Wheels, 
$5.50.  Wagoa  Umbrella  Fuxs,  >V.K.  BOOB,  Ciu’ti,  0* 


Low  Factory  Price  Sells  This  Cultivator  Quick 

30  Days’  Trial— No  Money  Down  p  “ 

Freight  Paid  No  Matter  Where  You  Live 


We  manufacture  the  Cultivator  you  want  in  the  Spring  Tooth,  Pivot  Axle,  or 
Walking  Style,  or  Lever  Drag— each  the  most  perfect  tool  of  its  class— guaranteed 
for  all  time— and  each  offered  at  a  delivered  price  that  shames  all  competitors. 
Pick  the  one  best  suited  to  your  needs  and  try  it  tree,  30  days  or  more.  We 
demand  no  money  in  advance,  no  deposit. 

We  show  here  the  original  spring-tooth  cultivator  brought  down  to  1911  perfec¬ 
tion.  Does  everything  any  spring  tooth  does,  in  all  soils— does  it  better.  Does 
work  no  other  cultivator  can  do.  Has  widest  range  of  adjustments.  With  center 
section  of  5  teeth  bolted  in,  makes  a  first-class,  easy-riding,  spring-tooth  harrow. 
Also  a  perfect  Broadcast  Seeder  and  Bean  Harvester  with  simple  attachments. 

Take  Your  Choice 
- of  Cash  or  Credit 

No  other  cultivators  made,  regardless  of  prices  asked,  compare  with  Detroit- 
Amencans.  Thousands  in  use  in  all  States.  Satisfaction  guaranteed  on  quality 
and  prices  and  terms  are  right.  Cash.  30  days  or  long  time  payments.  No  dealer, 
no  agent,  no  mail-order  house  can  give  you  this  quality— a  Detroit-American. 
We  deal  only  direct  from  factory. 

Write  for  free  book.  See  the  cultivator  you  want  at  the  right  price.  Also  shows 
the  Detroit- American  Manure  Spreader  and  Tongueless  Disc  Harrows.  Don’t 
watt  till  it’s  too  late  to  learn  how  much  we  save  you.  Send  postal  by  next  mail, 

American  Harrow  Co.,  1632  Hastings  St.,  Detroit,  IWSch 


Detroit  -  American 


4-9=8 


THE  RURAL)  NEW-YORKEB 


April  1, 


WINTER  WORK  IN  WISCONSIN. 

We  want  to  get  the  truth  about  locali¬ 
ties.  The  country  seems  to  be  full  of 
people  who  are  trying  to  sell  land  in 
one  section  or  another.  Most  of  them 
tell  only  the  good  things  which  may 
possibly  be  said  of  their  locality,  and 
carefully  cover  up  anything  that  might 
throw  a  shadow  on  their  bright  pic¬ 
ture.  That  is  why  it  is  hard  to  tell  a 
man  just  what  he  may  expect  in  a  new 
locality.  The  following  report  is  sent  us 
from  Rusk  County,  Wis.  It  may  make 
some  of  our  Texas  or  Florida  friends 
shiver,  but  Mr.  Hazen  puts  it  well  when 
he  says  that  a  hustling  poor  man  can 


box  stall  next  the  cows.  The  platform 
on  which  the  cows  stand  will  need  to 
be  from  four  feet  to  four  feet  10  inches, 
to  accommodate  the  different  length  of 
cows.  This  may  be  graduated,  with  the 
short  ones  in  one  end,  the  long  ones 
in  the  other,  or  with  a  fastening  device 
that  will  set  them  back  or  forward.  Then 
four  feet  six  inches  will  accommodate 
everything,  except  very  long  ones.  The 
gutter  should  be  16  inches,  with  eight 
inches  drop  behind  the  cows,  and  six 
inches  with  the  walk  behind.  Whether 
the  cows  shall  stand  face  to  face  or 
“tail  to”  is  largely  a  matter  of  individual 
preference.  Personally  I  like  the  former 
way,  as  more  convenient  to  feed.  If  one 
can  drive  through  with  a  team  it  is 
better  to  have  them  face  out;  then  the 
manure  can  be  loaded  from  either  side. 


A  WISCONSIN  FARMER’S  WINTER  WORK.  Fig.  150. 


earn  a  home  while  a  lazy  man  will 
starve.  The  curse  of  some  warm  coun¬ 
tries  is  the  fact  that  a  lazy  man  need 
not  starve : 

The  sawmills  around  Ingram  have  shut 
down  for  the  last  two  years,  and  the  only 
thing  the  farmers  can  do  in  the  Winter  now 
is  to  make  railroad  ties  and  pulp  wood. 
The  load  I  have  on  the  sleigh  is  worth 
$2.50  at  the  paper  mill,  or  $2  at  railroad 
track.  There  are  three  big  paper  mills  at 
Ladysmith,  14  miles  from  here,  where  they 
take  hemlock,  balsam,  poplar  and  willow  at 
$2.50  per  cord  and  spruce  is  worth  $6.50 
per  cord.  Railroad  ties  are  worth  at  the 
track  20  cents,  24  cents  and  10  cents  re¬ 
spectively.  A  poor  man  who  is  a  hustler 
can  make  a  living  here  and  pay  for  a  piece 
of  land,  but  a  lazy  man  will  starve  in 
three  months.  d.  h.  hazen. 


This  is  desirable  in  the  event  of  using 
a  milking  machine.  The  platform  and 
gutters  for  both  sides  will  occupy.  12 
feet  and  four  inches;  10  feet  and  eight 
inches  will  make  a  good  driveway.  This 
will  make  23  feet,  from  four  to  five  feet 
wide.  Leave  a  good  space  for  feeding 
mangers  and  alleys  on  either- side.  If 
one  wished  he  could  make  some  calf 
pens  in  the  eight  or  nine  feet  left. 

There  is  no  floor  so  economical  for  a 
stable  as  cement.  The  objection  to  its 
being  cold  is  overcome  by  putting  a 
heavy  tar  paper  between  the  upper  and 
lower  layers  of  cement,  tarred  on  both 
sides  to  make  it  stick.  This  will  cut 
off  the  dampness  from  below.  Such  a' 
floor  will  absorb  the  heat  from  the 
cow’s  body,  and  is  really  warmer  than  a 
board  one.  edward  van  aestyne. 


PLANNING  A  BARN. 

We  are  going  to  build  a  new  barn  tbis 
Spring  120x40  feet.  Would  it  be  better  for 
us  to  build  a  basement  stable  or  not?  That 
is,  could  we  ventilate  the  basement  as  well, 
and  would  it  be  as  warm  aud  stock  as 
free  from  disease  as  if  the  stable  was  in  the 
frame?  We  have  some  very  cold  weather 
here,  sometimes  20  below  zero.  We  wish  to 
stable  about  50  head  of  cattle  and  four  or 
six  horses.  Please  give  us  some  floor  plan. 
What  would  be  the  best  way  to  ventilate? 
We  could  place  this  barn  so  we  could  drive 
in  the  gable  end  aud  thereby  do  away  with 
a  hay  fork.  Would  this  be  advisable? 

Chateaugay,  N.  Y.  e.  h.  p. 

I  would  advise  having  the  stable  in 
the  frame,  rather  than  in  the  basement. 
With  the  latter  there  is  always  more 
danger  from  dampness,  and  there  is 
usually  no  economy  of  construction. 
With  a  well-lined  and  ceiled  wall  there 
is  no  trouble  about  having  the  stable 
warm  enough.  I  consider  40  degrees 
about  right.  If  the  sides  are  lathed  and 
plastered,  or  covered  with  plaster  board, 
as  many  use,  this  will  add  to  the 
warmth,  appearance  and  cleanliness. 
With  a  new  barn  and  stable  I  would 
recommend  the  “King  system”  of  ven¬ 
tilation,  with  an  intake  for  the  air  to 
come  in  near  the  ceiling,  and  the  out- 
take  near  the  floor,  with  the  flues  ex¬ 
tending  above  the  peak  of  the  roof.  It 
certainly  is  an  advantage  to  be  able  to 
drive  in  the  gable  end,  so  long  as  you 
do  not  have  to  rise  too  heavy  a  grade 
to  accomplish  it. 

A  cow  will  need  about  three  feet  six 
inches  of  space ;  25  with  this  distance 
between  them,  with  an  alley  to  pass 
through,  would  mean  90  feet  in  length. 
Two  rows  would  accommodate  50  cows. 
This  will  leave  30  feet  in  the. end  for 
the  horse  stalls,  closets  and  granaries, 
and  perhaps  a  place  for  a  bull  pen  and  a 


CLIP  YOUR  HORSES 
IN  THE  SPRING 

Clipped  horses  have  the  best  of  it  in  every 
way.  They  not  only  look  better,  but  they 
are  fresh  and  full  of  life  and  vigor.  Their 
feed  does  them  more  good,  they  rest  better 
and  do  better  work.  They  are  not  subject 
to  coughs,  colds,  pneumonia,  etc.,  which 
ruin  many  good  horses.  Clip  before  you 
put  the  horses  at  the  spring  work.  You 
can  clip  a  horse  in  30  minutes  with  this 


Stewart 

Ball 

Bearing 

Clipping 

Machine 


It  turns  easiest,  clips  fastest 
and  lasts  longest  of  all  clip¬ 
ping  machines. 

Anyone  can  operate  it 
and  do  good  work. 
It  has  the  famous  Stewart 
one-nut  tension  knife — high 
est  grade. 

Price  of 
machine, 
all  complete, 
shown,  is  only 
Get  one  from  your  dealer  or 
send  $2.00  and  we  will  ship 
C.  O.  D.  for  balance.  Send 
today  or  write  for  our  new 
1911  catalogue. 

Chicago  Flexible  Shaft  Co. 


143  La  Salle  Ave 
CHICAGO 


These  three  machines  are  the  biggest  time  and  labor 
savers  that  ever  traveled  a  hay  field : 

The  Admiral  Mower 

has  won  a  reputation  as  the  easiest  running,  most  powerful  cutting  and 
durable  mower.  This  is  because  it  is  the  only  one  with  a  floating  frame, 
genuine  under-draft,  and  uniform  tilt  to  the  cutter-bar.  Thick  grass  can 
never  force  an  Admiral  to  “hang  up.”  Your  team  can  draw  it  all  day  easily. 


The  No.  10  Hay  Rake 

is  all  steel  construction  that  stands  up 
under  the  wear  and  tear  of  all  fields. 
Each  tooth  is  protected  against 
breakage  by  coil  relief  springs  and 
each  is  individually  held.  It  is  the 
strongest,  most  serviceable,  hence, 
the  most  economical  hay  rake  made. 


The  Tedder 

like  our'rake,  is  built  of  steel  and  the 
frame  is  made  exceptionally  strong  to 
stand  the  constant  vibration  of  the 
forks.  Each  fork  has  a  relief  spring 
to  prevent  breakage.  It  is  one  of 
the  most  profitable  machines  in  hay¬ 
ing  time. 


Get  Our  Bid  Diamond  Jubilee  Catalog 


and  read  all  about  these  wonderful  ma¬ 
chines.  We  ’lave  made  it  especially  inter¬ 
esting.  became  it  marks  our  60th  year  in 
farm  machin  ry  making.  Every  page  holds 
something  oi  value  to  every  progressive 
fanner.  Send  for  it  today— just  a  postal 
with  your  name  and  address. 

Walter  A.  Wood  Me  &  R.  M.  Go. 

Box  231 

Hoosick  Falls,  N.  Y. 


In 


44  Eating 
Their 
Heads 
OH" 


-reasons  (glffleal 


Feeding1  milk  to  a  calf  robs 

\\\jjW  you  of  50  to  7 5  cents  per  day. 
>'W  Gregson’s  Calf  Meal  is  a  perfect 
substitute  for  milk.  Enables  you  to 
rkeep  your  best  calves,  raise  them 
*away  from  the  cow,  make  strong,  profit- 
"giving  milkers  and  cost  you  but  5  cents 
per  head  a  day. 


The  Substitute  for  Milk 

is  a  palatable,  perfectly  balanced  feed  with  just  the  right  amount  of  pro* 
tein,  fat  and  carbohydrate  to  take  the  place  of  milk.  Calves  relish  it  at 
once.  Start  into  healthy,  vigorous  growth  from  the  first  day.  _ 

Don’t  raise  your  calves  at  “side  of  cow.”  It’s  too  expensive.  Why 
spend  50  to  75  cents  a  day  when  5  cents  worth  of  Gregson’s  Calf  Meal 
will  do  the  same  work  easier  and  with  less  trouble.  Read  what  this  de¬ 
lighted  user  says:  Fox  Chase,  Pa.,  October  26,  1910 

The  Great  Western  Cereal  Co.,  Chicago.  Ill.  ,  _  , ,  ,  *...  ,,,Arn  ,,P;ir,f>d 

Gentlemen: -We  raised  two  fine  heifers  on  yourGregson’s  CalfMeal  Botivereieanett 
about  the  third  day,  and  made  remarkable  growth,  and  in  a  short  * 1  me.  hu v- 

neighbors  by  their  size.  It  is  certainly  a  satisfaction  to  raise  on® 

ing  cows  of  doubtful  value  and  breed.  We  fully  believe  thatmorpfarmerswoulddpso  it  tney 
knew  our  experience  with  Gregsou’s,  as  it  is  easy  to  prepare,  and  the  tost  of  feeding  slight. 

Very  truly  yours,  F.  J.  COAKLEY. 

Ask  your  dealer  for  Gregson’s  Calf  Meal.  If  he  can’t  supply  you,  write 
us.  Send  for  interesting  booklet  with  valuable  information  about  calves. 

The  GREAT  WESTERN  CEREAL  CO.  KS.  Chicago 

MAKERS  OF  QUALITY  FEEDS 

Boss  Feed.  Gregson’s  Calf  Meal,  Daisy  Dairy  Feed,  Sterling  Scratch  Feed,  Sterling  Chick  Feed 

BRANCHES  „  .  . 

Boston,  New  York,  Pittsburg,  Philadelphia,  St.  Louis,  Indianapolis,  Memplii^ 


1911. 


THE  RURAIs  NEW-YORKER 


4-4Q 


I  X-*  IS.  HAULING  MILK, 

The  California  Experiment  Station  has 
been  testing  methods  of  handling  milk 
and  cream.  Among  other  things  they 
looked  up  the  care  of  cream  which  is 
“gathered”  or  brought  from  the  farms 
into  the  creamery  Much  of  this  cream  is 
brought  in  unprotected  cans,  and  some¬ 
times  in  open  wagons,  so  that  the  sun 
beats  directly  upon  the  can  at  a  high 
temperature.  There  is  no. doubt  but  such 
high  temperature  will  often  affect  the 
milk  or  cream,  and  the  cans  ought  to  be 
protected.  Cut  below  from  this  bulletin 
shows  on  one  side  an  unprotected 


In  effect  March  1  the  New  York  Ex¬ 
change  price  was  reduced  one-half  cent  to 
$1.61  per  40-quart  can,  netting  3%  cents 
to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have  no 
additional  station  charges. 


No  milk  sold  in  this  vicinity  at  present ; 
creamery  six  miles  distant  to  which  some 
milk  and  cream  is  delivered  in  Spring  and 
Summer.  Poultry  is  8  to  10  cents  a  pound ; 
eggs,  14  cents  a  dozen ;  butter,  18  cents, 
gathered  each  week  by  hucksters  and  taken 
to  Cincinnati.  Heavy  rain  first  of  last 


PROTECTING  MILK  CANS. 


week  and  mud  roads  bad;  a  few  warm 
days,  but  now  cold  again.  J.  A.  m. 

St.  Martin,  0. 


I  have  been  reading  your  articles  on  the 
consumer’s  dollar  and  am  much  interested. 
We  peddled  milk  in  a  city  of  40,000  popula¬ 
tion  and  there  were  many  other  farmers  and 
three  companies  that  bought  and  peddled 
milk.  They  paid  an  average  of  three  cents 
per  quart  and  retailed  for  from  five  to  eight 
cents  and  then  only  made  a  fair  profit.  The 
trouble  is  they  are  all  independent  and  want 
the  other  fellow’s  customers,  and  they  drive 
10  miles  to  unload  or  peddle  200  quarts 
of  milk,  where  if  they  were  properly  or¬ 
ganized  they  could  each  deliver  400  quarts 
In  driving  one-half  mile  and  have  no  bad 
debts.  What  we  need  is  organized  farmers' 
companies  to  market  our  produce  direct  to 
the  consumers.  We  could  then  supply  the 
city  people  at  10  per  cent  less  than  they 
are  now  paying  and  get  50  per  cent  more 
for  our  produce.  A  grocer  told  me  if  he 
couldn’t  make  40  per  cent,  on  potatoes  and 
apples  he  wouldn’t  handle  them.  That  is 
how  the  city  people  think  the  farmers  are 
getting  rich.  B.  A. 

Hallstead,  Pa. 


Grains  for  Milch  Cows. 

I  saw  a  question  asked  by  J.  S.  D.  con¬ 
cerning  the  storing  of  wet  brewers’  grains. 
I  know  a  farmer,  a  neighbor  of  mine,  who 
has  been  using  a  section  of  his  regular  silo 
for  this  purpose  for  the  last  three  years, 
buying  by  carload  lots.  This  silo  is  a  10- 
foot  section  of  his  regular  silo,  which  was 
blown  over  four  or  five  years  ago.  Finding 
that  considerable  of  the  lumber  was  broken 
and  that  he  did  not  require  one  so  high  for 
his  use,  he  cut  the  original  height  down 
about  10  foot.  After  a  year  or  so,  being 
dissatisfied  with  the  cement  pits  for  grain 
storage,  the  remaining  lumber  of  the  silo 
was  erected  into  a  wet  grain  tank  outside 
of  the  barn,  even  with  the  ground  surface  on 
a  cement  foundation.  This  tank  or  silo  has 
given  great  satisfaction,  the  grains  keeping 
well,  and  much  better  than  in  a  square  tank. 
Of  course  they  must  be  tramped  well  when 
storing,  and  a  carload  of  20  tons  can  be  put 
away  nicely.  Of  course  $7  per  ton  would 
require  a  good  place  to  store  them  and 
save  as  much  as  possible.  However,  the 
grains  here  do  not  cost  on  an  average  of 
over  $4  per  ton.  E.  l.  s. 

New  Jersey. 

On  page  333,  J.  S.  D.  asks  if  it  would 
be  practical  to  store  wet  brewers’  grains  in 
silo.  I  would  advise  him  not  to  attempt 
it ;  to  keep  them  in  that  way  during  the 
remainder  of  the  season  he  will  surely 
lose  them.  The  only  way  to  keep  grains 
in  the  Summer  time  is  to  dig  a  pit  10  feet 
deep,  six  feet  wide  and  12  feet  long,  or 
Us  equivalent  in  cubic  feet,  and  then  lay  up 
a  waterproof  concrete  wall  all  around  and 
protect  it  with  a  tight  roof.  When  you 
put  your  grains  in  pack  them  down  with 
ail  the  force  you  have,  and  don’t  put  over 
a  ton  in  at  a  time  without  packing  them 
down  hard,  using  a  little  salt,  say  about 
one-half  bushel  to  a  carload.  Packed  in 
this  manner  they  will  keep  at  any  season 
of  the  year,  and  in  the  Winter  fed  with 
sood  clean  cornstalks  will  produce  more 
milk  for  less  money  than  any  feed  on  the 
market,  but  you  must  have  your  feeding 
tubs  clean  and  don’t  let  any  grains  lie 
around  to  decay.  c  e  s 

Bloom ingdale,  N.  J. 


can.  In  the  center  is  a  can  wrapped 
in  ordinary  burlap  and  kept  wet.  At  the 
other  side  is  a' can  with  a  dry  felt  jacket. 
Experiments  were  made  in  taking  the 
temperature  of  the  cream  in  these  differ¬ 
ent  cans.  In  a  covered  wagon,  where 
the  cans  were  protected  from  the  sun, 
after  five  hours  the  temperature  in  the 
unprotected  cans  rose  from  60  to  82  de¬ 
grees.  Where  protected  by  the  dry  felt 
cover  the  temperature  was  66  degrees, 
and  inside  the  wet  burlap  67.  Where 
the  milk  was  kept  in  the  sun  without 
protection,  starting  with  60,  the  unpro¬ 
tected  milk  rose  to  96 ;  that  inside  the 
wet  burlap  to  70  and  that  inside  the  dry 
cover  73. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mentiou  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
"a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  lfi. 


“FOR  DAIRY  COWS” 


An  Easy  Way  to  Compound 
a  Properly  Balanced 
Ration. 

A  good,  substantial  foundation  for  a 
properly  balanced  ration  can  be  ob¬ 
tained  from  a  combination  of  4  lbs. 
Dried  Beet  Pulp  (preferably  moistened 
for  several  hours  before  using)  with  2 
lbs.  41%  Cotton-seed  meal,  or  in  place 
of  the  Cotton-seed  meal  use  3  lbs.  gluten 
feed,  3)4  to  4  lbs.  Distillers’  Dried 
Grains  or  3)4  to  4  lbs.  Dried  Brewers’ 
Grains.  Add  to  this  combination  any 
grain  that  is  available  to  you — corn, 
oats,  buckwheat,  barley,  middlings  or 
bran — and  you  will  have  a  ration  which 
will  closely  approximate  the  Standard. 
If  wheat  bran  or  wheat  middlings  are 
used,  3)4  lbs.  of'Dried  Distillers’  Grains 
or  Dried  Brewers’  Grains  should  be 
ample,  but  with  corn,  oats,  buckwheat 
or  barley,  use  4lbs.  This  recommenda¬ 
tion  assumes  that  your  roughage  (is 
equivalent  in  feeding  value  to  18  lbs.  of 
mixed  hay.  If  the  roughage  is  poor,  it 
may  be  necessary  to  slightly  increase 
the  protein  feed  by  using  a  little  more 
Cotton-seed  meal,  gluten  feed.  Distillers’ 
Dried  Grains  or  Brewers’  Dried  Grains. 

Dried  Beet  pulp  can  be  obtained  from 
local  feed  dealers  generally  or  from 
THE  LARROWE  MILLING  CO., 
1507  Ford  Bldg.,  Detroit,  Mich. 


Who  Told  You 

?  Who  said  you  can’t  i 
•  crease  your  milk  ar 
butter  profits  ?  Do  you  want  to  try  tl 
Champion  Milk  Cooler  free  for  30  da1 
and  prove  by  actual  test  that  you  can 

Thousands  have  tried — thousands  have 
proved  —  get  in  line.  Keep 
your  milk  sweet  for  a  long 
time— improve  your  butter 
flavor— get  bigger  profits.  The 
Champion  is  simplicity  itself — 
cleaned  in  a  jiffy— lasts  for 
years.  Get  all  the  facts  in  free 
booklet— write  now.  Insist  on 
the  genuine  Champion.  Hurry  j 
up— send  a  postal. 

champion  milk  COOLER  CO. 

11th  STREET.  CORTLAND,  N.  Y. 


$1,000.00 

A  manufacturer  of  Cream  Separators,  our 
“would-be  competitor,”  bas  advertised  extensively 
the  f ollowiug  false  statement : 

“AN  HONEST  CAPACITY  CREAM 
SEPARATOR” 

“We  make  the  claim  that  under  any  and  all 
conditions  a  DeLaval  machine  rated  at  450 
pounds  capacity  will  skim  as  much  whole-milk 
in  an  hour  as  any  “would-be”  competitive 
machine  rated  at  600  pounds  per  hour,  and 
we  have  proved  this  statement  so  often  in 
actual  contests,  that  it  has  come  to  be  an  ac¬ 
cepted  fact  by  all  well-informed  dairymen.” 

So  far  as  the  United  States  Cream  Separator  is  concerned 
this  statement  is  absolutely  untrue.  We  offer  $1,000.00  to 
any  State  Dairymen’s  Association  before  whom  the  DeLaval 
can  prove  their  claim. 

The  following  facts  are  known  world  wide,  viz : 

That  the  United  States  Separators  run  their  full  rated 
capacities,  and  more. 

That  we  Guarantee  every  UNITED  STATES 
SEPARATOR  to  separate  its  full  rated  capacity. 

That  the  DeLaval  and  other  “would-be  competitors” 
have  been  beaten  by  the  United  States  in  capacity  as  well 
as  in  efficiency  in  every  National  and  International  contest; 
at  the  Pan-American  Exposition  at  Buffalo,  in  50  consecutive 
runs,  extending  over  30  days  with  the  milk  of  10  different 
breeds  of  cows  ;  at  the  Alaska- Yukon-Pacilic  Exposition  at 
Seattle  in  1909,  where  the  United  States  wa,s  awarded  the 
only  Grand  Prize. 

In  their  efforts  to  overcome  the  superiority  of  the  United 
States  Separator,  as  demonstrated  by  the  recognized  truths, 
the  DeLaval  resort  to  extravagant  and  untruthful  statements 
like  the  one  quoted  above. 

The  United  States  Separator  excels  in  efficiency  and  all 
other  points  that  go  to  make  a  perfect  cream  separator. 

Send  for  Catalog  No.  159  now  and  learn  the  full  truth. 

Vermont  Farm  Machine  Co.,  Bellows  Falls,  Vt. 

Distributing  Warehouses  in  all  Dairy  Sections  of  the  Country. 


FOR  MENDING  HARNESS 


shoes,  tents,  awnings,  pulley  belts,  car¬ 
pets,  saddles,  suit  cases,  buggy  tops. 


It takes 
a  wax  - 
thread, 
feeds 

from  spool  .. 
does  tho  work  of 
any  harness  maker 
machine.  It  is  indis¬ 
pensable  for  farmers. 

Agents  wanted.  Sent  prepaid 
for  $1.25.  Send  at  once  for 
catalog.  '  STEW  ART-SKINNER  CO. 
35Hermon  Street.  Worcester.  Mass. 


dash  boards,  or  any  heavy  material. 

Stewart’ s  Automatic 


Awl  is  the  only  per¬ 
fect  Sewing 

Awl. 


CIRCULAR  44 

THE  PRESERVATION  OF  TIMBER 

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Contains  considerable  information  on  the  simplest 
and  best  means  of  preventing  the  decay  of  shingles, 
porches,  etc.,  as  also  details  about  the  cheapest 
wood  preserving  paint  for  farm  buildings.  Send 
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CARBOLINEUM  WOOD  PRESERVING  CO. 
181  Franklin  Street.  New  York,  N.  Y. 


Write 

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Motsinger  Auto  Sparker 

Starts  Gas  Engines  Cheaper 
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Saves  lUicost  overami  overagatn. 
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MOTSINGER  DEVICE  MFG.  CO. 
115  Harold  St.,  La  Fayette.  Ind. 


The  Most  Economical 
Engine  Ever  Built 


‘DlJOPIvE  everywhere  are  rejoicing  that  at  last 
V  they  can  have  an  engine  that  runs  on  coal  oil 
faultlessly.  ®A11  this  is  the  result  of  gasoline 
going  up  because  of  the  big  automobile  demand. 

Kerosene  costs  6  to  16c  less  per  gallon  than  gasoline — 
and  gasoline  keeps  on  going;  up  higher  and  higher. 
This  engine  runs  on  less  than  half  the  cost  of  a  gaso¬ 
line  engine  right  now.  Also  runs  on  any  engine  fuel. 


Perfection  Kerosene  Engine 

15  Days’  Free  Trial 

You  can  have  this  remarkable 
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Try  it  thoroughly  for  15  days.  If 
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Many  years  of  experimenting 
with  metal  fence  posts  have 
developed  this  post.  It  is 
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are  used. 

Made  of  tough  steel,  heavily 
zinc  coated.  Durability 
proven  by  us— ^ -ten  years’  ac¬ 
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Means  a  big  reduction  in 
fence  cost  and  maintenance. 

40-page  catalog  sent  free,  fully 
illustrating  and  describing.  Send 
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THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


April  1, 


The  Henyard. 


CEMENT  FLOOR  FOR  HENHOUSE. 

I  am  on  the  point  of  building  one  of  Mr. 
Mapes’s  henhouses,  but  think  I  will  make 
the  roof  gambrel,  thus  giving  more  head 
room.  I  am  in  doubt  about  a  cement  floor. 
I  know  the  general  thought  is  that  for 
humans  to  stand  on  cement  all  day  will 
cause  rheumatism.  Don’t  you  think  it  might 
cause  trouble  with  hens,  cement  being  such 
cold  stuff?  There  must  be  plenty  of  peo¬ 
ple  who  have  used  it  in  henhouses  and 
would  know.  f.  m.  c. 

Rheumatism  is  a  blood  disease  and  is 
generally  thought  to  be  brought  about 
by  dampness.  But  it  is  location  and  not 
material  that  causes  dampness  and 
rheumatism.  A  cement  floor,  if  properly 
made,  is  not  damp.  We  first  pave  the 
floor  like  a  Telford  roadbed  and  spread 
cracked  stone  or  coarse  gravel  over  the 
top  to  fill  chinks  and  prevent  cement 
running  down;  then  we  spread  a  layer 
of  cement  over  it  and  we  have  a  floor 
perfectly  drained,  easy  to  clean,  rat 
proof,  and  the  driest  floor  we  know  of. 
Of  course,  no  one  should  ever  allow  a 
hen  to  stand  on  any  kind  of  a'  bare  floor, 
and  with  four  or  five  inches  of  good 
litter  only  the  rats  can  tell  whether  the 
floor  is  cement  or  something  else. 

F.  Q.  WHITE. 


BRONZE  TURKEYS. 

There  will  be  a  fresh  demand  for 
eggs  and  stock  of  turkeys  this  year.  In 
the  section  where  the  17-year  locusts 
are  expected  turkeys  will  have  a  feast, 
as  they  are  particularly  fond  of  this  in¬ 
sect.  On  many  farms  turkey  raising  has 
become  almost  a  lost  art,  but  in  spite 
of  “blackhead”  and  other  diseases, 
farmers  are  disposed  to  try  this  fowl 


A  BRONZE  TURKEY.  Fig.  151. 


once  more.  The  Bronze  is  the  favorite 
breed  with  most  farmers,  though  we 
like  the  White  Hollands.  The  Bronze 
birds  are  large  and  beautiful,  and  great 
foragers.  The  picture  of  a  good  Bronze 
is  shown  at  Fig.  151.  Let  no  one  try 
turkey  raising  expecting  that  the  little 
ones  are  easy  to  raise.  It  is  a  job  to 
get  them  through  the  dangerous  period. 
But  it  is  great  satisfaction  to  have  a 
good  flock  on  the  farm. 


Clipping  Hens’  Wings 

Will  it  harm  in  any  way  the  parent  or 
the  offspring  if  we  should  cut  out  wing  off 
the  Leghorn  fowls  to  prevent  them  from 
flying  over  the  fence?  Maybe  some  of  your 
readers  have  had  any  experience  with  this. 

Plainfield,  N.  J.  s>  A- 


This  refers  to  the  flight  feathers  and 
is  done  frequently  to  prevent  the  hens 
from  flying  out  when  they  are  kept  m 
small  runs.  Where  the  roosts  are  low, 
or  have  an  incline,  so  the  liens  can  get 
to  their  nests  and  perches  easily,  there  is 
no  harm  done  by  clipping  the  flight 
feathers  of  one  wing.  1  his  must  not  be 
done  to  the  male,  however,  nor  is  it 
necessary,  as  the  male  will  stay  quietl} 
with  the  hens.  floyd  q.  white. 


Lice  and  Sitting  Hens. 

Chicks  hatched  in  an  incubator  are  free 
from  lice— one  of  the  great  advantages  of 
artificial  hatching  over  the  natural  method 
with  the  hen.  Chicks  that  are  lousy  do 
not  thrive;  when  they  become  badly  infested 
with  these  pests  they  are  very  likely  to 
die.  Lice  are  probably  responsible  lor  more 
deaths  among  newly-hatched  chicks  than 
any  other  cause  for  mortality.  It  is  neeei 
wise  to  use  a  hen  for  hatching  without 
subjecting  her  to  a  thorough  treatment  to 
get  rid  of  any  lice  that  she  may  have  upon 
her  body,  no  matter  how  careful  we  may  be 
with  our  fowls  or  how  firmly  we  may  believe 
them  to  be  entirely  free  from  vermin.  A 
clean  nest  to  begin  with,  well  sprayed  with 
a  good  lice  killer;  before  the  hen  is  set 
upon  the  eggs  she  should  be  well  dusted 
with  a  good  insect  powder.  If  she  has  lice 
upon  her  the  powder  will  kill  them,  but 
it  will  not  affect  the  eggs  of  lice — the  nits — 
and  these  may  be  expected  to  hatch  out  a 
new  crop  of  lice  in  the  course  of  live  or  six 
days,  so  it  is  necessary  to  repeat  the  dusting 
about  this  time.  Now,  if  a  third  dusting 
is  used  three  or  four  days  before  the  hatch¬ 
ing  time,  to  catch  possible  stragglers  that 
might  have  escaped  the  previous  applica¬ 
tions  we  may  look  forward  with  confidence 
to  a  hatch  that  will  be  as  free  from  vermin 
as  if  the  chicks  had  been  hatched  in  an 
incubator.  But  few  sitting  hens  ever  get 
that  amount  of  attention.  w.  r.  f. 


Bordeaux  Mixture  and  Hens. 

I  have  rye  under  our  fruit  trees  which 
the  hens  eat  freely.  If  I  spray  with  Bor¬ 
deaux  mixture,  will  it  poison  the  liens? 

E.  w.  R. 

Bordeaux  alone  will  not  be  likely  to  hurt 
the  hens,  with  arsenic  added  it  might  do  so. 


Complete  Henyard  Fertilizer. 

I  would  like  to  use  a  mixture  of  floats, 
gypsum  and  fine  sifted  coal  ashes  on  my 
droppings  boards,  in  quantity  and  propor¬ 
tions  to  come  as  close  as  possible  to  a 
complete  fertilizer,  for  general  farm  and 
garden  crops,  requiring  only  the  addition 
of  some  potash.  l.  c.  w. 

We  see  no  reason  for  adding  the  gypsum 
or  land  plaster.  The  “floats’’  and  sifted 
coal  ashes  will  dry  out  the  manure  so  it 
will  keep.  Acid  phosphate  will  be  better 
than  the  gypsum  for  holding  the  ammonia, 
and  also  furnish  some  available  phosphoric 
acid,  which  you  will  need  in  the  garden. 
Try  one-third  acid  phosphate  and  two- 
thirds  floats  with  the  coal  ashes.  Kaimt 
is  used  by  some  poultrymen  in  storing  the 
droppings.  It  keeps  the  manure  and  fur¬ 
nishes  potash. 


The  Nest  Egg  Fallacy. 

After  many  years’  experience  with  hens, 
I  have  come  to  the  conclusion  that  the 
nest  egg  must  go,  along  with  some  other 
mvths.  There  is  no  such  thing  as  coaxing 
a  hen  to  lay ;  she  does  it  like  she  breathes, 
because  she  cannot  do  otherwise,  provided 
the  conditions  for  egg  producing  are  right. 
There  is  no  chance  about  it.  If  you  keep 
your  hens  in  comfortable  quarters,  so  that 
their  vitality  is  not  all  spent  in  keeping 
warm,  in  Winter,  and  give  them  the  proper 
egg-producing  food,  they  simply  can't  help 
laying.  A  warm  feed  of  table  scraps  in 
the  morning  and  corn  or  other  grain  food 
before  roosting  time,  plenty  of  fresh,  clean 
water  to  drink,  and  gravel  to  scratch  in, 
along  with  all  green  scraps  from  the  table, 
cabbage  leaves,  celery  tops  and  whatever 
is  commonly  thrown  in  the  garbage,  will 
encourage  the  egg  yield  wonderfully. 

Indiana.  m.  r.  b. 


Hex  Lice. — To  rid  a  building  of  hen 
lice,  mites,  etc.,  (page  294),  don  t  tear  it 
to  pieces,  nor  undertake  a  nasty  spraying 
job.  Simply  get  some  carbolineum  avena- 
rius.  It  is  inexpensive,  and  a  gallon  will 
last  the  average  poultry  keeper  for  years. 
Paint  well  the  roosts  with  it  and  wherever 
these  come  in  contact  with  supports  or 
sides  of  buildings ;  apply  to  every  crack, 
and  also  to  joints  in  nest  boxes.  It  marks 
a  dead  line  for  vermin.  Red  mites  will 
disappear  as  if  by  magic.  Its  effects  are 
lasting.  gori  &  son. 

Corn  Fodder  for  Litter. — Noting  article 
on  page  340  on  shavings  for  litter,  would 
like  to  give  my  experience.  We  have  used 
corn  fodder  cut  fine  with  a  “Tornado  cutter 
for  several  years  as  litter  in  the  scratching 
pens  with  good  results.  The  fowls  appreci¬ 
ate  it  as  much  as  they  do  their  grain  ra¬ 
tion,  and  consume  much  of  it;  it  absorbs 
all  moisture,  and  when  removed  from  pens 
can  be  used  as  mulch.  We  find  that  by 
giving  a  bushel  in  each  pen  frequently  it 
supplies  a  roughage  that  the  fowls  cannot 
get  from  any  other  litter.  Fowls  eat  greed- 
ilv  all  particles  of  leaves  and  small  pieces 
of  pith,  yet  eggs  are  not  “pithy.”  e.  r.  f. 

Pennsylvania. 

Wet  Grains  in  Storage. — On  page  333 
.T  S.  D.  asked  if  you  could  store  wet  brew¬ 
ery  grains  by  car  lots.  I  have  stored  car 
lots  in  pits  with  a  good  cover,  well  packed, 
and  over  every  layer  of  grain  sprinkled 
some  salt.  Be  sure  to  have  it  well  packed 
and  covered  up ;  it  will  keep  for  months. 
You  don’t  have  to  go  to  the  expense  to 
built  a  silo  for  that  purpose.  I  wish  I 
could  get  hold  of  car  lots  of  grains  in 
mv  section  where  I  live.  H.  k. 

'Whitney’s  Point,  N.  Y. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and 
“a  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  page  16. 


JACOBSON 


SELF-CONTAINED  ENGINE  WITH  AUTOMATIC  DRAINING 
WATER  TANK. 

>’o  Freezing  No  Overheating 

Jio  Large  Water  Tank 

The  Agency  is  available  in  Rome  sections  and 
valuable  in  all. 

JACOBSON  MACHINE  MFG.  CO. 

Ill  Irvine  Street  Warren.Pa. 


gasoline,  distillate,  any  fuel  oil,  perfectly— withoutchange. 

Cheapest,  Safest,  Simplest 

POWER 


for  barn  work,  house  work,  mill  work,  dairy  work,  well 
work,  spraying,  sawing, irrigation.electriclights,  pumping. 

Astonishing  success.  More  power  gallon  for  gallon.  Hun¬ 
dred  less  parts.  Patentthrottlo  gives  three  engines  for  the 
price  of  one.  Catalog  free — tells  how. 

Doubleduty  tank  revolutionizes  cooling 
systems.  Force  feed  lubricator — per¬ 
fect  oiling.  Automobile  mufflor. 

Bail  bearing  governor.  Starts  in¬ 
stantly.  No  pro-heating.  No 
crank  Experience  unnec¬ 
essary  Women  canopor- 
tate.  Vibration  elimina- 
ed.  Quality  high— price 
low.  Comes  complete. 

Always  hungry  for 
work — and  thrives  on  it. 

FREE  TRIAL. 

No  obligation  till  satis¬ 
fied.  10-year  guarantee. 

*• Engine  Facts"  free 
write  for  it  NOW. 

Ellis  Engine  Co., 

51  Mullett  St..  DETROIT,  MICH 


! Davenport  Barn  at  Lenoir,  N.  C.,  Roofed  with  NEPONSETParofi 


Weather  Insurance 

Rain  or  snow,  if  they  find  even  a  small  crack  in 
your  roof,  can  do  almost  as  much  damage  as  a  fire. 

Nepon 

Roofings 

For  Different  Types  of  Buildings 

give  absolute  protection  against  storm.  They  cannot  leak  and 
they  have  proved  it  in  every  climate  under  every  condition  for  a 
great  many  years. 

Write  for  Book  of  Plans  for  Farm  and  Poultry  Buildings 

F.  W.  BIRD  &  SON,  129  Neponset  Street,  East  Walpole,  Mass. 

Established  1795.  Originators  of  Complete  Ready  Roofings  and  Waterproof  Building  Papers. 

NewYork,  Washington,  Chicago,  Portland,  Ore.,  San  Francisco,  Hamilton,  Ont., Winnipeg,  Montreal,  St.  John 

Mills:  East  Walpole,  Mass. ;  Norwood,  Mass.;  Phillipsdalc.  R.  I.;  Hamilton.  Ont.;  Pont  Rouge.  Quebec 


IME 


FOR  AGRICULTURAL  PURPOSES 

Mixtures  of  Potash,  Phosphate  Rock  and  Lime  of 
different  proportions 

LAND  PLASTER, 

PHOSPHATE  ROCK, 
AGRICULTURAL  SALT,  Etc. 

ALL  GUARANTEED 
AGENTS  WANTED 

Caledonia  Chemical  Co,,  Caledonia,  N.  V, 


’.SyW. 

”We  Wan! 

Our  1911 

rCataIog  In  the  Home 
rof  Every  Farmer  In  America’ 

178  pages  filled  from  cover  to  cover  with  gen- 
ruino  Buggy,  Harness  and  Saddle  bargains;  251  illus- 
Ftrations,  many  in  colors;  138  styles  of  Vehicles,  74  de- 
f signs  in  harness;  the  biggest  and  best  book  ever  printed 
fin  this  line.  Don't  miss  sending  for  it! 

Murray  Highest  Award  Buggies  Direct  from 
His  Factory  —  Four  Weeks  Road  Trial  — 
Insures  Safe  Delivery  — Two  Years'  Guarantee 

Before  buying  any  kind  ol  vehicle,  Just  get  the  1911 
Murray  Style  Book  and 

compare  Murray  Price,  with 
|  all  others.  Costs  you  noth-  " 

^ing.  You  might  as  well  have 
L  this  book  in  your  home. 

The  Wilber  H.  \|/  Save 

‘*WZ£sE<'#,'*»  S30-<,# 

Cincinnati, 

_  Ohio 

Send 

For  Thls^  , 

Free  Book 
Right  Now. 


From  Factor/To  Horse 


Try  the  DELIN 

Wt/f  Your  Money  inYoi/rPocAef 


Try  it  for  30 days  on  your  own  roads;  then, 
if  you  find  it  entirely  satisfactory  ,you  pa> 
us.  Buggies— all  styles-and  harness  at  lowest 
wholesale  prices,  direct  to  you,  on  approval. 

No  Cash  With  Order— No  Deposit 

“DELIN”  offers  more  liberal  terms  ami 
better  values  than  you  can  get  elsewhere. 

Our  FREE  1911  Catalog  gives  full  information .  bhowa 
metal  auto  seat  buggies  and  hundreds 
of  other  dandy  styles.  Get  acquainted 
with  tho  values  wo  offer  also  with  our 
exclusive  “DELIN'*  terms.  Write  for 
FREE  CATALOG  Today. 

The  Delin  Carriage  Co. 

17  3«,  Central  Avenue 
Cincinnati,  Ohio 


The  WITTEN 

Auiojpalic  Damp  Cart 

it  What  You  Have  Been 
Looking  For 

A  necessity  for  Farm- 
,  Fruit  Growers, 
Livery 
Stables, 
Cemeteries,  Golf 
Clubs,  Dairies, 
Stockmen,  Con- 
,  tractors  and  all  man¬ 
ufacturing  plants. 

^  __  Send  today  for  free 
Illustrated  booklet  telling  all  about  this 
iabor-saving  cart. 

Baker  Mfg.  Co„  507Hunter  Bldg.,  Chicago,  III. 


This  Safety  Lift 

Saves  Your  Strength 

You  can  do  lribro  heavy  lifting  alone  than  three  men  by 
tho  use  of  this  handy  device,  lias  a  score  of  lines  on  the 
faint  every  day.  Saves  lime  and  labor. 

Just  the  thing  for  changing  wagon  boxes  and  auto 
bodies,  stretching  wires,  moving  heavy  stc.nes,  storing 
machinery,  hoisting  grain,  doing  an.V  kind  of  lifting 
about  the  farm. 

Morgan  Safety  Lift 
Locks  At  Any  Angle 

Holds  or  releases  a  load  at  a  given  point 
without  ,  nso  of  confusing  chock  cord.  Cam 
g’ri|>£  Wipe  without  gouging.  Heavier  the  load, 
the  tighter  it  grips.  No  extra  parts  to  get  out 
of  order;  So  simple  it  can  be  operated  by 
ouo  hand. 

Made  Entirely  of  Steel 

Pulleys  and  blocks  of  best  possible  construc¬ 
tion.  Will  last  a  lifetime.  Drop  forged 
swivel  hook  makes  it  easy  to  move  load 
about  without  unfastening  lift. 

Sold  Direct  From  Factory 

Made  in  two  sizes.  2,500  lhs.  capacity 
*1  .75.  G,000  lbs.  capacity  $3,00  These  prices 

good  for  a  limited  time  only.  Order  di¬ 
rect  from  the  manufacturer  and  save 
dealer’s  and  jobber’s  profits.  Handiest  thing 
you  ever  had  on  the  farm.  Send  for  one  to-day 
— at  once — while  you  think  of  it— and  take  ad¬ 
vantage  of  these  special  introductory  prices. 

MORGAN  BLOCK  CO. 

Dept.  18,  Cleveland,  O. 


Standard  Among  Drilling  Machines 

Tho  oldest  established  manufacturers,  the  largest 
line  of  drilling  machines  and  tools,  and  41  years 
of  successful  operation  in  nearly  eveiycountiy 
in  tho  world,  make 

American  Drilling  Machines 

Standard  the  world  over. 

For  every  possible  condit  ion  of  earth 
and  rock  drilling  and  mineral  pros¬ 
pecting  we  make  a  drill  espe¬ 
cially  designed  for  the  re¬ 
quirement. 

Catalog  No,  105,  the  most 
complete  “drill  hole”  catalog 
ever  issued.  Free. 

The  American  Well  Works 

General  Office  and  Works, 

Aurora,  Ill. 

Chicago  Office:  First  Na¬ 


tional  Bank  Bldg. 


_  —  PER  ACRE  and  up;  easy  payments.  Productive  soil,  mild  climate, 
I  fine  water,  good  roads,  close  markets,  unsurpassed  school  and  social  ad- 
I  t-P  vantages.  Write  for  beautiful  illustrated  Quarterly,  other  attrac- 
l  tive  literature  and  cheap  excursion  rates.  F.  H*  LaBaume,  Ag”  Agt., 

I  Norfolk  &  Western  Railway,  Box  2047,  Roanoke,  Va. 

jmo  irrigation vfapiy  RAINFALL  45  INCHES!! 


1911. 


THE  RURA.L  NEW-YORKER 


461 


CHR.  HANSEN’S 

DANISH  BUTTER  COLOR 

MAXES  PRIZE-WINNING  BUTTER 


Purely  Vegetable  and  Guaranteed  under  all 
Pure  Food  Laws,  State  and  National. 

RENNET  TABLETS  and  CHEESE 
COLOR  TABLETS  for  Cheese 
Making;  on  the  Farm 
JUNKET  TABLETS  for  dainty  milk 
desserts  and  Ice  cream 
JUNKET  BRAND  BUTTERMILK 
TABLETS 

Manufactured  and  put  up  only  by 

CHR.  HANSEN’S  LABORATORY 
Box  1106,  Little  Fails,  N .  Y. 


SPECIAL  GRINDER 

I  want  to  send  you 
this  wonderful  grind¬ 
er,  freight  prepaid. 


Luther  Grinder  Co.. 


for  free  trial  to  prove 
its  value  as  a  great 
labor  savin g  machine 
for  sharpening  all 
kinds  of  tools. 

10  DAYS 
TRIAL 

Has  genuine  Carbo 
rundum  wheels— will 
notdrawtem  per  from 
steel— 25  times  faster 
than  grindstone.  Half 
million  in  use. 
Guaranteed  1  Oyears. 
12  IACHIHES  IK  ONE 
Write  today  for  10 
days  Free  Trial  Ot 
fer  and  sharpen  your 
farm  tools  free. 

C.  J.  Luther,  Pres. 
830  Newton  St.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 


Brigham's  Latest  Improved  Shoe 


tor  working  horses  on  swamp 
land.  This  one  shoe  is  ad 
justable  to  suit  the  size  and 
shape  of  any  horse’s  foot. 
Patented  and  manufactured 
by  L.  Brigham,  Decatur, 
Mich.  Send  for  circular. 


OUR  GUARANTY 


r  We  guarantee  that  the 

PAPEC.  will  cut  anti  elevate 

more  si  I  at)  e  than  any  other 
cutter,  same  power  being 

used,  and  that  it  will  elevate 
9 silage  50  feet  with  less  power 
,  .  jthan  any  other  cutter. 

PAPFf  pneumatic 
a,  *  ensilage  cutter 

Always  ready  for  business;  easy  to  set 
PD  and  operate;  never  clogs.  Durably 

built— no  wood  to  twist  and  warp.  Writo 

H°w  PreP*re  Ensilage” 

wiim/ RK  V  ^enta  wanted  in  several 

localities,  attractive  proposition. 

2j  Distributing  Points  in  U  S 

PAPEC  MACHINE  CO. 

Boa  10  Shortsvilte,  N.  Y. 


Steel 

Frame 


GOOD 


Indispensable  on  every  farm; 
save*  the  time  and  money  you 
would  spend  on  a  public  scale, and 
“  mures  perfect  accuracy  al- 
ways.  Good  for  a  life¬ 
time.  Send  for  catalogue. 
Osgood  Scale  ۩., 

Box  157,  Binghamton,  N.  T 


1 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOR 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 
GUARANTEED  MONEY-SAVING 


Li  INTERNATIONAL 
??g  SILOS 

HI 
HI 

'll  arid 


strongest  built,  simplest  to  put  up  and  easiest  operated 
on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  takemphoop — 
continuous  open-door  front— air-tight  door  and  per¬ 
manent  ladder  are  some  of  the  unusual  features.  The 

International  Silo  Cn..  113  gain  tit,,  Linear!!]*.  Fa* 


Running  Water  on  the  Farm 

Pump  without  expense  with  an  automatic 

RIFE  RAM 

Cheapest  and  most  efficient 
water  supply  for  co  ntry 
place,  irrigation,  farms,  etc. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Booklet,  plans,  estimates  free. 

Rife  Engine  Co.  2429  Trinity  Bldg.,  N.Y. 


Price  $10  and  Up 


f 

Earn  $10  a  day  and  more,  easily, 
■  sawing  firewood,  lumber,  lath,  posts, 
I  etc.,  for  yourself  and  neighbors  with  a 

I 


■*  JVMAOCAA  ttlXKA  JICItiiiUUITS  will 

Hertz  ler  &  Zook 
Portable  Wood  Saw 

Fully  Guaranteed  for  One  Year 

-JJJ©  Hertzler  &  Zook  is  the  cheapest  and  best 
Saw  you  can  buy.  Direct  factory  prices— finest 
tested  materials.  Easier  than 
other  saws  to  operate  because 
the  stick  sits  low  and  the 
saw  draws  it  on  as  soon 
as  you  start  work.  It  is 
the  only  saw  made,  sell- 
lngat  $10,  towhlch  a  ripping 
table  can.be  added.  Write  for 
circular  and  save  money. 
toUH  * loot  Co..  Box  3 

Belleville,  r». 


HEN  Y  ARD — Continued. 


HOW  TO  HANDLE  LITTLE  CHICKS. 

Last  year  I  bought  an  incubator,  tried 
my  ha  nil  at  chicken  raising,  and  was  quite 
successful  in  hatching,  but  lost  hundreds 
of  the  chickens  after  they  were  from  two 
to  five  Weeks  old.  When  they  were  about 
two  weeks  old  they  would  take  a  bowel 
complaint  and  die  in  a  few  days.  The 
droppings  were  usually  of  a  dark  color  and 
would  stick  to  the  feathers  and  form  ^ 
very  hard  lump  over  the  vent,  teometimef 
as  large  as  my  thumb ;  then  they  would 
mope  around  for  a  day  or  two  and  diev 
Sometimes  I  would  lose  as  many  as  25  of 
30  in  a  day.  I  followed  other  poultry^ 
men’s  directions  for  feeding  and  tried 
many  different  feeds,  but  always  with  the 
same  result.  \  >  w.  e.  w. 

Bluefield,  W.  Va. 

Few  poultrymen  realize  the  importance 
of  starting  right.  In  fact,  only  a  small  per 
cent  of  us  know  exactly  What  should  be 
done,  or  when  to  take  the  first  steps  toward 
rearing  strong  healthy  chicks.  Conse¬ 
quently  most  of  the  causes  of  disease  are 
overlooked,  and  the  greatest  efforts  are 
made  when  it  is  too  late.  The  time  when 
the  greatest  progress  can  be  made  in  pro¬ 
ducing  a  healthy  flock  of  fowls  is  a  lonjj 
time  before  they  are  hatched ;  in  other 
words,  begin  with  the  parent  stock.  Use 
only  strong,  healthy  birds  for  breeding  pur¬ 
poses  and  keep  them  under  proper  condi¬ 
tions.  Weak  birds  are  the  ones  that  cause 
the  trouble.  Never  use  eggs  for  hatching 
from  a  flock  that  is  infected  with  disease,  es¬ 
pecially  if  it  is  “white  diarrhoea.”  Eggs 
purchased  from  other  poultrymen  should 
never  be  set  with  eggs  from  your  own  flock; 
The  production  of  strong  hatchable  eggs 
from  birds  entirely  free  from  disease  or 
any  weakness  that  would  encourage  the  deJ 
velopnient  of  disease  is  one  problem.  It  is 
still  another  problem  to  hatch  chickens 
with  enough  constitutional  vigor  to  with¬ 
stand  3  2  weeks  of  the  average  brooding. 
Avoid  all  danger  of  weakening  the  devel¬ 
oping  embryo.  Eggs  that  have  be.en  chilled 
should  not  be  incubated.  Overheating  at 
any  time  during  incubation,  or  a  too  low 
average  temperature  would  lower  the  per 
cent  hatch  and  also  injure  the  chicks. 
Excessive  ventilation  or  lack  of  the  proper 
air  humidity  makes  successful  incubation  im¬ 
possible.  The  chicks  that  do  hatch  are 
small  and  weak.  When  hatching  is  done 
by  hens,  there  is.  as  a  rule,  less  danger  of 
injuring  the  eggs.  When  the  chicks  are 
just  hatched  is  a  dangerous  period.  The 
greater  the  number  of  chicks  together  at 
this  time,  the  greater  the  danger  of  infec¬ 
tion  from  bacillary  white  diarrhoea.  The; 
wet  chicks  rubbing  together  in  such  close 
quarters  are  liable  to  take  the  disease  from' 
one  another.  Recent  experiments  prove 
that  when  incubators  in  which  infected 
chicks  have  been  hatched  are  again  used, 
the  following  hatches  may  become  infected. 
For  this  reason  it  is  very  important  that 
the  incubators  be  well  cleaned  and  thor¬ 
oughly  disinfected  after  each  hatch.  Ex¬ 
periments  also  show  that  chicks  are  very 
easily  affected  with  bacillary  white  diar¬ 
rhoea  up  to  five  days  old.  After  that  time 
only  a  small  per  cent  of  Inoculated  chieks 
showed  symptoms  of  the  disease.  How¬ 
ever,  the  chicks  used  in  these  experiments 
were  the  best  of  a  season’s  hatching,  and 
consequently  had  greater  power  of  resistance 
than  the  average  chick.  Therefore,  it  is 
possible  that  olde.r  chicks,  if  weak,  would 
still  be  susceptible  to  the  disease  with  the 
natural  means  of  infection. 

To  prevent  chieks  from  being  infected 
with  disease  it  is  essential  to  avoid  any 
treatment  that  would  endanger  their  physi¬ 
cal  condition.  The  first  obstacle  which 
confronts  and  endangers  normal  develop¬ 
ment  of  brooder  chieks  is  radical  changes 
in  hover  temperature.  A  temperature  of 
100  degrees  should  be  kept  for  at  least  two 
weeks  at  some  point  under  the  hover.  How¬ 
ever,  chieks  will  stand  a  temperature  as 
high  as  3  30  degrees  near  the  source  of  heat, 
or  as  low  as  90  degrees  much  better  than 
a  changeable  temperature.  For  this  rea¬ 
son  chicks  should  never  be  placed  in  a 
brooder  that  is  easily  affected  by  outside 
change's.  When  the  temperature  drops  very 
low  during  the  night  the  chieks  crowd  and 
many  are  weakened.  Such  conditions  cause 
bowel  trouble  in  a  very  short  time.  To 
prevent  a  low  night  temperature  the  heat 
may  be  increased  a  few  degrees  above  300 
degrees  when  the  eliieks  go  under  the  hover 
for  the  night.  The  chicks  will  lie  near  the, 
hover  curtain  when  it  is  too  warm  under¬ 
neath.  and  will  go  back  under  the  hover 
when  the  temperature  begins  to  lower.  The 
best  possible  care  should  be  given  the 
chicks  the  first  two  weeks.  Never  permit 
them  to  go  far  from  the  hover  until  they 
are  several  days  old.  I’ut  them  into  a  well 
disinfected  brooder,  give  them  clean  litter 
to  work  in,  fresh  water  to  drink  and  feed 
cautiously. 

Never  put  purchased  chicks  with  those  of 
your  own  flock  until  you  are  positive  that 
they  are  not  infected  with  contagious  dis¬ 
eases.  The  brooder  house,  feed  pans,  and 
water  receptacles  should  be  frequently  dis¬ 
infected.  Do  not  attempt  to  force  the 
eliieks  at  first.  Beef  scraps  should  not  be 
fed  except  in  the  mash  and  even  then  only 
a  little  should  be  given  the  first  week, 
i  hiekens  intended  for  breeders  or  for  broil¬ 
ers  will  stand  heavy  feeding  much  better 
and  show  better  gain  In  weight  if  first 
fed  less  forcing  rations.  The  amount  of 
wet  or  dry  mash  may  be  increased  gradu¬ 
ally,  changing  the  composition  of  the  ra¬ 
tion  as  the  chicks  will  stand  it.  Feed  all 
the  green  food  the  chicks  will  eat.  They 
should  be  allowed  plenty  of  fresh  pasture, 
and  if  the  chieks  are  confined,  rotation  of 
grounds  should  be  practiced.  It  is  well  to 
lime  the  ground,  plow  it  deep,  and  grow  a 
quick  crop  each  year.  Chickens  that  show 
symptoms  of  disease  should  always  be  Iso¬ 
lated  at  once.  Dead  chickens  should  never 
be  left  where  other  chieks  can  get  at 
them.  The  best  way  to  guard  against 
further  contamination  is  to  burn  all  dead 
chickens  and  also  the  litter. 

F.  T.  FINCH. 


Dusting  Setting  Hens. — Our  plan  for 
treating  the  sitting  hen  for  lice  is  to  visit 
her  once  a  week  and  with  the  fingers  work 
the  powder  well  into  the  feathers  over  all 
parts  of  her  body.  She  sits  quietly  on  the 
nest  and  assists  by  raising  her  feathers,  al¬ 
lowing  the  powder  to  reach  the  skin.  This 
answers  the  purpose  as  well  as  any  other 
method  we  ever  tried,  and  is  very  quickly 
and  easily  done.  Mus.  j.  c.  Clovis. 

Greene  Co.,  Pa. 


Lei  life  Rid  Them  of  Worms 

Don’t  let  them  infect  your  pastures  and  doubly  re-infect  your  sheep  this 
spring .  Now  is  the  time  to  stamp  out  these  profit-eating,  sheep  killing  pests. 


No  Handling 
No  Trouble 


No  Drenching  CA  I  f/Sfe'VF  1 
No  Dosing 

The  Great  Worm  Destroyer  and  Conditioner 

SAL- VET  will  do  it  and  I’ll  prove  it  at  my  risk.  I  positively  guarantee  it  will 
rid  your  sheep  entirely  of  all  stomach  and  free  intestinal  worms  and  Besides  will 
tone  them  up  and  put  them  in  the  finest  condition,  possible.  It  will  make  your 
lambs  robust,  vigorous  and  positively  prevent  your  usual  lamb  losses. 

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Isimplyaskanopportunity  to  prove  all  the  claims  I  make  for  “Sal-  Vet’’  absolutely 
atmynsk.  Ifyou  will  just  mail  me  the  coupon, I’ll  ship  you  enough  “Sal-Vat”  f4*  ^ ^ 
to  last  your  stock  for  60  days,  without  asking  you  for  a  penny  in  advance.  ^ 

You  are  not  under  obligation  to  pay  for  it,  if  “ Sal-Vet ”  fails  to  do  what  I  say  .4*  <&£r 

it  will  do.  I  just  want  you  to  put  this  wonderful  medicated  salt  within  .4*  ^ 
reach  of  your  sheep,  cattle,  horses  and  hogs  at  my  risk— then  watch  them 
round  out,  increase  in  strength  and  vitality,  grow  more  robust  and  V  .*  av*  .* 
gain  weight — with  no  more  feed  than  you  are  now  using.  j* 

“Wo  have  used  SAL- VET  with  excellent  satisfaction.  It  discourages  A  /  / 

the  development  of  worms,  and  keeps  sheep  in  good  condition.  I  be-  .*  a*  /  / 

lieve  that  SAL-VET  will  repay  the  user  in  the  results  which  come  .4  /  s  . 

from  its  action  in  his  flock.  C.  S.  Plumb,  B.  Sc.  . 4  J?  /  sP'  / 


BtnisteredV^.  l  s.  ?E  OFF. 

GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS  * 

Protein  30-  33%  ^ 

Fat  ,  11%  * 

Carbohydrates  30-40% 
Fibre  12-14%  4 


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A  One  Pound  Ajax 
Ration  makes  Four 
Pounds  of  average  milk  at 
a  price  which  will  make 
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Ajax  Flakes  is  the  highest 
grade  of  distillers’  grains 
and  contains  about30%pro- 
tein,  12%  to  14%  fat. 

“In  particular  it  was  found  that  the  distillers’  grains  had  a  marked  effect  upon 
the  richness  of  the  milk,  increasing  its  fat  content  very  noticeably.  This  effect 
is  probably  due  to  the  somewhat  high  percentage  of  fat  contained  in  the  grains.” 

Buy  Ajax  Flakes — save  money 

WRITE  FOR’  FREE  SAMPLES  AND  FEEDERS’  HAND  BOOK 

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PROF.  ARMSBY  says: 


“NEW  MODERN"  Sanitary  STEEL  STALLS 

Simple,  Strong',  and  Vermin  Proof. 

Easily  Installed  for  Concrete  Work. 

“HEW  MODERN”  SWING  STANCHIONS 

Swivel  or  Chain,  Wood  or  Steel 

When  open  is  held  firmly  in  position  by  automatic  latch,  yet 
when  closed  swings  easily  on  metal  bearings  with  every  head 
movement.  Extension  bar  prevents  cattle  entering  at  side. 

Plans  and  Estimates  Furnished  Free.  All 
Material  and  Workmanship  Guaranteed. 

Write  today  for  full  details  and  our  new  catalog  covering 

LITTER,  ENSILAGE  and  PLATFORM  CARRIERS,  WATER  BASINS 
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462 


FEEDING  PROBLEMS. 

Under  this  heading  we  endeavor  to  give  advice 
and  suggestions  about  feeding  mixtures  of  grains 
and  fodders.  No  deiinite  rules  are  given,  but  the 
advice  is  based  upon  experience  and  average 
analyses  of  foods.  By  ‘’protein”  is  meant  the 
elements  in  the  food  which  go  to  make  muscle  or 
lean  meat.  “Carbohydrates”  comprise  the  starch, 
sugar,  etc.,  which  make  fat  and  provide  fuel  for 
the  body,  while  “fat”  is  the  pure  oil  found  in 
foods.  Dry  matter”  means  the  weight  of  actual 
food  left  in  fodder  or  grain  when  all  the  water  is 
driven  off.  A  “narrow  ration”  means  one  in  which 
the  proportion  of  protein  to  carbohydrates  is  close 
—a  “wide”  ration  means  one  which  shows  a  larger 
proportion  of  carbohydrates. 


Purchased  Dairy  Feed. 

Will  you  give  me  a  balanced  ration  for 
10  cows  that  aro  all  anout  to  freshen?  I 
shall  sell  cream,  and  all  the  roughage  I 
have  is  Timothy  and  clover  hay.  My  corn 
fodder  is  all  gone.  I  shall  have  to  buy  most 
of  the  feed.  N.  k. 

New  York. 

With  your  clover  and  Timothy  hay  I 
would  advise  feeding  the  following  grain 
ration  if  available:  Five  pounds  dried 
beet  pulp,  two  pounds  cotton-seed  meal, 
two  pounds  wheat  bran,  one  pound  corn- 
meal.  Feed  all  the  hay  your  cows  will 
eat  and  grain  in  proportion  to  the 
amount  of  milk  they  give  after  fresh¬ 
ening.  Before  that  time  feed  liberally 
enough  to  keep  them  in  good  thriving 
condition ;  but  do  not  feed  any  cornmeal 
or  cotton-seed  meal  until  cows  have 
been  fresh  at  least  two  weeks.  Wheat 
bran  and  the  dried  pulp  can  be  fed  right 
along  during  the  freshening  period  if 
required.  In  feeding  the  dried  pulp 
always  wet  it  with  all  the  water  it  will 
absorb  a  few  hours  before  feeding  and 
then  mix  the  other  grain  with  it  just  at 
feeding  time.  You  will  find  this  ration 
will  produce  a  good  flow  of -milk  when 
fed  to  good  fresh  average-sized  cows. 
If  your  cows  are  extra  large  heavy 
milkers  of  course  the  amount  of  feed 
must  be  increased  accordingly,  c.  s.  g. 

Improving  a  Ration. 

I  am  feeding  one  pound  oil  meal,  one 
pound  cotton  seed  meal,  two  pounds  bran, 
three  pounds  com  and  cob  meal,  three 
pounds  beet  pulp,  22  pounds  clover  hay 
daily.  Please  improve  this  ration.  Per¬ 
haps  the  beet  pulp  is  not  necessary  with 
so  much  bran.  I  wish  a  ration  that  con¬ 
tains  clover  and  corn  and  cob  meal. 

■  Massachusetts.  c.  H.  s. 

•  Here  is  the  analysis  of  the  ration 
which  you  are  feeding  at  the  present 
time : 


Digestible 

Dry  Carbon 


Feeding  Stuff. 

Matter. 

Protein. 

and  Fat. 

22  lbs.  clover  hav 

18.70 

1.496 

8.712 

1 

lb.  oil  meal.... 

.91 

.293 

.485 

1 

lb.  cottonseed 

meal . 

.92 

.372 

.444 

2 

lbs.  bran . 

1.70 

.244 

.906 

3 

lbs.  corn  and 

cob  meal  . 

2.55 

.132 

1.995 

3 

lbs  dried  beet 

pulp  . 

2.808 

.204 

1.962 

27.648 

2.741 

14.504 

Nutritive  ratio,  1.5.3. 


If  you  have  good,  heavy'  milkers, 
which  by  the  way  are  the  only  cows 
that  respond  satisfactorily  to  good  feed¬ 
ing  I  would  not  attempt  to  change  this 
ration  except  in  special  cases  as  it  is 
already  well  balanced  and  contains  all 
the  ingredients  in  proper  quantities 
for  the  production  of  a  large  flow  of 
milk  economically,  and  it  will  keep  your 
cows  in  first-class  condition  at  the 
same  time.  c.  s.  G. 

Ration  Needs  Improvement. 

Following  Is  feed  at  hand ;  please  give 
me  formula  ‘for  balanced  ration.  I  make 
chop  of  20  bushels  ear  corn ;  10  bushels 
oats ;  10  bushels  buckwheat.  Of  this  mix¬ 
ture  I  feed  about  10  pounds  a  day;  with  It 
three  pounds  cotton-seed  meal,  and  three 
pounds  dairy  feed,  a  molasses  grain  ana¬ 
lyzing  three  per  cent  fat  and  17  per 
cent  protein.  As  roughage  I  feed  oats, 
rye,  and  buckwheat  straw  cut  tine  with 
same  amount  of  corn  stover.  This  is  put 
in  mixing  trough,  moistened  and  ground 
feed  put  on  it  and  mixed.  I  use  enough 
cut  straw  and  stover  to  satisfy  appetite 
of  cow.  I  can  buy  No.  2  white  middlings 
at  $1.60  per  100,  bran  $1.50  per  100,  corn 
chop  $1.30,  dried  beet  pulp  $1.45  per  100, 
dairy  feed  $1.30  per  100  :  cotton-seed  meal 
$1.75  per  100.  The  object  is  to  use  as 
much  as  possible  of  the  chop  made  from 
my  own  grain,  corn,  oats  and  buckwheat. 
My  cows  'are  common  scrub,  with  here  and 
there  a  trace  of  Jersey  blood.  F.  o.  H. 

Pennsylvania. 

From  the  feeding  stuffs  mentioned  I 
do  not  know  that  I  could  improve  on 
the  ration  you  are  feeding  except  by 
the  addition  of  about  three  pounds  dried 
beet  pulp.  If  you  can  get  dried  dis¬ 
tillers’  grains  at  a  reasonable  price  I 
think  it  would  also  pay  to  use  them  in 
place  of  the  dairy  feed.  It  is  prac¬ 
tically  impossible  to  compound  a  satis¬ 
factory  ration  from  the  feeding  stuffs 
mentioned.  You  will  not  gain  much  by 
feeding  corn  stover,  rye,  buckwheat 
and  oat  straw  to  scrub  dairy  cows.  Prac¬ 
tically  all  of  the  ration  you  feed  must 
be  made  up  of  grain,  which  is  neces¬ 
sarily  expensive  whether  raised  at  home 
or  purchased  outside,  as  the  straw  and 
stover  does  not  contain  much  nourish¬ 
ment,  and  are  a  decided  hindrance  to  the 
production  of  milk  at  a  low  cost,  because 
they  contain  so  much  indigestible  fiber 
which  overworks  the  cow’s  digestive 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER] 


April  J, 


organs  without  correspondingly  increas¬ 
ing  the  production  of  milk  in  return.  I 
can  only  suggest  that  you  should  build 
a  silo  and  fill  it  with  cornstalks,  ears 
and  all,  just  as  it  is  beginning  to  glaze. 
Then  try  to  raise  some  clover  or  Al¬ 
falfa  hay,  and  if  successful  you  can 
cut  your  grain  bills  down  about  one- 
half.  There  is  certainly  money  to  be 
made  by  feeding  good  feed  to  good 
cows,  but  it  does  not  pay  to  keep  scrub 
cows  on  poor  feed.  c.  S.  G. 


Ration  too  Fattening. 


What  ration  can  you  advise  for  my  cows? 
Thev  are  Jerseys.  I  mix  300  pounds  bran, 
200'pounds  cornmeal  and  200  pounds  gluten 
together,  and  give  each  cow  five  pounds 
each  feed.  That  is,  10  pounds  per 
dav.  1  also  give  each  cow  two  pounds 
dried  beet  pulp  each  feeding.  I  wet  the 
beet  pulp  about  eight  or  10  hours  before 
1  feed ;  then  1  mix  pulp  and  grain  all  to¬ 
gether.  For  roughage  I  have  hay,  Tim¬ 
othy  and  wild  grass  mixed.  My  cows  are 
keeping  too  fat,  and  are  not  milking  very 
well.  Should  I  feed  any  oil  meal  to  them? 
What  is  the  best  way  to  feed  the  beet  pulp? 

Long  Island.  a.  w.  e. 

You  are  feeding  your  cows  too  much 
grain  of  a  fattening  nature.  If  you  will 
change  the  mixture  to  400  pounds  wheat 
bran,  200  pounds  cotton-seed  meal  and 
200  pounds  gluten  feed,  I  am  sure  you 
will  get  more  milk  with  less  feed  than 
you  are  now  feeding.  Six  or  seven 
pounds  of  this  mixture  with  four  pounds 
of  beet  pulp  should  be  sufficient  for 
one  day  for  a  Jersey  cow  in  full  flow  of 
milk.  You  are  feeding  the  beet  pulp 
properly  by  soaking  it  several  hours 
and  then  adding  the  grain  mixture.  Be 
careful  to  use  just  enough  water,  so  it 
will  all  be  absorbed  by  the  pulp.  There 
is  no  occasion  for  you  to  feed  oil  meal 
with  this  ration,  unless  you  can  buy  it 
very  cheaply.  c.  s.  g. 


A  weary  guest  at  a  small  country  inn 
was  repeatedly  called,  the  morning  after 
his  arrival,  by  the  colored  maid-of-all- 
work.  “See  here !”  he  finally  burst  forth, 
“how  many  times  have  I  told  you  I 
don't  want  to  be  called?  I  want  to 
sleep.”  “I  know,  sub,  but  dey’ve  got  to 
hab  de  sheets,  anyhow.  It’s  almos’  eight 
o’clock,  an’  dey’s  waitin’  fo’  de  table- 
clof.” — Continent. 


CULTIVATE i  OFTEN 


and  you  hold  tho  moisture 
In  the  ground.  Cultivate 
shallow  or  deep  as  the  crop 
needs  it  and  you  release  the 
forgotten  or  unknown  soil 
properties  which  are  needed 
to  make  the  crop  grow  prop¬ 
erly.  We  have  been  inakin, 
farm  tools  for  75  years  an 
think  we  have  ns  good  a  " 
of  KidingCultivntors  os 
need  to  choose  from. 


IRONACE  BIDING  CULTIVATORS 


are  long  lived  machines— adjustable  for  rows  28  to  50 
inches,  while  in  motion— teeth  adjustable  for  depth  and 
angle — pivot  or  fixed  wheel,  one  row  or  two— high  or  low 
wheels— work  well  on  hillsides— farm  close 
and  true.  A  complete  line.  Our  Anniver¬ 
sary  Catalog  will  show  you — also,  potato 
machinery,  garden  wheel  hoes  and  drills 
etc.  Address 

P  AXEMAN  M’F’G  CO. 
1027  GRENLOCH.N.J.  


“Bestov”  Milk  Cooler 

The  most  economical  cooler  made.  Cools 
and  aerates  milk  quickly,  and  to  within  two 
degrees  of  the  water  temperature.  All  parts 
touched  by  the  milk 
are  copper  or  brass, 
tin  coated, and  easily 
taken  apart  for 
cleaning.  Thor¬ 
oughly  well-made 
and  durable.  It  is 
very  reasonable  in 
price.  Send  for 
catalogue  H,  de¬ 
scribing,  with 
prices,  everything 
for  the  dairy. 


DAIRYMENS 
SUPPLY  CO. 


Philadelphia  and 
Lansdowno,  Pa. 


You  can’t 
“  strain”  it 
out— keep 
it  out. 

One  milk  pail  and  only  one  will  do  it.  Milk  goes 
through  the  strainer  cloth  into  the  pail,  untainted, 
while  the  dirt  shelf  catches  all  the  dirt  from  the 
udders  and  handling  in  the 

Sterilac  Milk  Pail 

(Try  It  10  Days  Free). 

You  will  never  give  it  up  if  you  try  it.  The  only 
sanitary  milking  pail  that  ever  got  the  approval  of 
all  dairymen.  Heavy,  well  made,  the  proper 
height,  just  the  right  “set,”  easy  to  pour  milk  out 
of.  easy  to  clean,  and,  above  all,  it  keeps  milk 
pure.  Best  way  to  keep  milk  from  sovirinK,  sLirest 
way  to  keep  out  of  trouble  with  Boards  of  Health 
and  Milk  Commissions.  prjce  $2  50.  Ask  your 
dealer.  If  he  hasn’t  it  we  will  send  trial  pail  pre¬ 
paid.  Return  at  our  expense  if  not  satisfactory. 

TERILAC  COMPANY,  6  Mehchuhts  Row,  Bostoii.  Mass. 


DIRT 

out  of  the 

Milk 


AND  UPWARD 

SENT  ON  TRIAL. 

FULLY 

GUARANTEED. 


==AMERIC  AN = 

SEPARATOR 

A  brand  new,  well  made,  easy  running,  easily 
cleaned,  perfect  skimming  separator  for  $15.95. 

Skims  warm  or  cold  milk.  Makes  thick  or  thin 
cream.  Thousands  in  use  giving  splendid  satis¬ 
faction.  Different  from  this  picture  which  illus¬ 
trates  our  large  capacity  machines.  The  bowl 
is  a  sanitary  marvel  and  embodies  all  our  latest 
improvements.  Our  richly  illustrated  catalog 
tells  all  about  it.  Our  wonderfully  low  prices  on 
all  sizes  and  generous  terms  of  trial  will  astonish 
you.  We  sell  direct  to  user.  No  agents.  Our 
guarantee  protects  you  on  every  American  Sepa¬ 
rator.  Western  orders  filled  from  Western  points. 
Whether  your  dairy  is  large  or  small,  get  our  great 
offer  and  handsome  free  catalog.  ADDRESS, 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO 


BOX  1075  < 
BAINBRIDGE,  N.  Y. 


this  man 

was 

sore 


CuredSpavin 


He  bought  a  high 
priced  separator  with¬ 
out  investigating  any 
other  makes.  When  he 
failed  to  get  the  prom¬ 
ised  yield  of  cream  he 
was  disappointed,  but 
when  he  found  that 
his  neighbor’s 
Economy  got  all  the 
cream  and  cost  only 
about  half  he  was  sore. 

Take  no  chances. 
Start  right  by  writing 
today  for  a  free  copy 
of  our  Economy  Chief 
Dairy  Guide  for  1911. 


“I  removed  a  spavin  on  a  mule  with  Sloan’s 
Liniment.  This  spavin  was  as  large  as  a 
guinea  egg.  In  my  estimation  your  Lnniment 
is  the  best  remedy  for  lameness  and  soreness. 

I  have  used  it  on  a  horse  for  sweeny  and  it 
effected  a  thorough  cure.” — G.  T.  Roberts, 
of  Resaca,  Ga.,  R.F.D.  No.  i,  Box  43. 

CURED  ABSCESS. 

Mr.  H.  M.  Gibbs,  of  Lawrence,  Kas., 
R.F.D.  No.  3,  writes  : — “Your  Liniment  is 
the  best  that  I  have  ever  used.  I  had  a  mare 
with  an  abscess  on  her  neck  and  one  50c. bottle 
of  Sloan’s  Liniment  entirely  cured  her.  I  keep 
it  around  all  the  time  for  galls  and  small 
swellings  andforeverythingabout  the  stock.” 

SLOANS 

LINIMENT 

reduces  wind  puffs 
and  swollen  joints, 
and  is  a  sure  and 
speedy  remedy  for 
fistula,  thrush,  and 
all  lameness.  Excel¬ 
lent  in  the  family  for 
rheumatism,  colds 
and  sprains. 

Price,  50  cents  &  81.00. 

Sloan’s  book  on  horses, 
cattle,  sheep  and  poultry  sent 
free.  Address 

Dr.  EARL  S.  SLOAN, 

Boston,  Mass.,  U.S.A. 


Sears,  Roebuck  and  Co. 

Chicago,  Illinois 


YOUNG  MEN  WANTED  to  learn 

VETERINARY  profession.  Catalogue 
free.  Grand  Rapids  Veterinary 
College,  Dep.15,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


P 


CIDER  and  WINE 


No  complicated  mechanism — 
big  capacities.  Requires  only 
2  to  4  h.  p.  to  operate  any  press. 

Also,  HAND  PRESSES, 
GRINDERS,  MILLS.  . 


Write  to-day  for  free  catalogue. 

THE  G.  J.  EMENY  CO.,  FULTON,  N.  Y. 


he  Only  Implement  Necessary 

t  Follow  the  Plow  in  Any  Kind  of  Ground 

,e “ACME. ”  It  cuts,  crushes,  levels,  turns  and  smoothes  in  one  operation,  and  thoroughly  works  all  the  soil. 

SX n,  —  w „ . ClnhhlA  the  “ACME”  leaves  trash  buried  after 

On  PlOWCQ  Corn  StilDDIC  the  slia.p  sloping  coulters  have  thor- 
^^oughly  sliced  and  cut  it,  where  its  valuable  fertilizing  qualities  are  available.  The  coulters  cut 
^through  to  the  under  soil  leaving  no  lumps  or  air  spaces  between  the  fin-row  slices.  Th®  ““^er 
soil  is  thoroughly  compacted  and  the  top  soil  left  loose  attracting  and  conserving  all  tho  moisture. 

—  — - -  Pulverizing  Harrow  Gives  You 

Greatest  Value  lor  Your  Money 

lie  cause  it  does  more  work  in  the  same  time  than  any  other  Harrow  and  with  the  least  strain 
on  horses.  The  construction  is  steel  and  iron.  Every  part  warranted.  Sizes  are 
from  3  to  1 7%  ft.  wide — a  size  for  your  requirements.  Get  our  combined  cata-  > 


IIDIII  -j  ID  *  •  / 1  *1’  "  1UV.  u  jn-v  j  — •  -  '-'I -  —  „ 

log  and  booklet  from  your  dealer,  our  General  Agents  of  the  home  omce. 

DUANE  H.  NASH,  Incorporated 
137  Division  A ve.,  Millington,  N.  J. 

General  Agents, 

JOHN  DKSBB  BLOW  CO. , 

Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


Free  Book 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


453 


MARKETS 

Wholesale  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  March  24,  1911. 


butter 

Receipts  are  rather  large,  and  prices  one 
to  two  cents  under  last  week’s  quotations. 
Factory  and  packing  stock  are  selling  slow¬ 
ly- 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 24  .25 

Good  to  Choice . 20  @  .23 

Lower  Grades  . 16  ®  .19 

Storage . 15  @  .21 

State  Dairy,  best . 22  ffl  .23 

Common  to  Good . 16  @  .20 

Factory . .V . 15  @  .16 

Hacking  Stock . . . 12  @  .15 

Elgin  111.  butter  market  firm  at  25  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  2444  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  26  cents. 
CHEESE 

A  fair  sized  export  business  is  noted. 
Local  trade  is  dull  and  on  the  basis  of 
small  transactions.  About  2,000  boxes  were 
shipped  to  Liverpool  March  22. 

Full  Cream,  best . 15  @  .16 

Common  to  Good . 12  ®  .13 

Skims . 05  @  .11 

EGGS 

Receipts  continue  very  large,  2.338,740 
dozens  arriving  in  two  days  recently.  Mar¬ 
ket  is  weak  and  unsettled.  Even  at  the 
present  ‘low  figures  there  is  but  little  buy¬ 
ing  for  storage.  Speculators  are  doubtful 
as  to  how  much  lower  prices  will  go. 

White,  good  to  choice . i9  @  .21 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 18  @  .19 

Common  to  Good . 15  ®  .17 

Western,  best . 17  @  .19 

Under  grades . 12  @  .15 

Duck  eggs,  dozen . .  .28  ffl  .32 

Goose  eggs,  dozen . 75  @  .80 

BEANS 

Trade  is  dull,  especially  on  Red  Kidney. 
California  Lime  doing  a  little  better. 

Marrow,  100  lbs . 3.00 

Medium . 3.00 

Pea .  3.00 

Vellow  Eye . 3.65 

Red  Kidney . 6.20 

WhitcKidney . 4.75 

Lima,  California . 6.40 


® 

ffl 

® 


3.70 
3.45 
3.50 
ffl  3.70 
(a)  5.55 
ffl  5.00 
®  6.50 


HOPS 

On  the  Tacific  coast  a  strong  demand  for 
the  new  crop  is  noted,  advance  sales  of 
16  cents  net  to  the  grower  being  re¬ 
ported. 

Prime  to  Choice . ■. . 28  ®  .29 

Common  to  Good . 25  ®  .27 

Pacific  Coast . 20  @  .21 

German  Crop,  1910 . 50  ®  .53 

CIDER  VINEGAR 

New  York  prices  for  single  barrel  lots. 

Extra  Choice  Old.  gal . 22  ffl  .24 

Standard  Grade . 13  @  .15 

DRIED  FRUITS 

There  are  practically  no  evaporated  ap¬ 
ples  on  hand.  Chops  and  waste  are  un¬ 
usually  high. 

Apples,  evap.  prime . 12  ffl 

Kvap..  com.  to  good . 06  ® 

Sun  Dried . U6  ® 

Chops . 06  ffl 

Cores  and  Skins . OTJ^ffl 

Raspberries . 28  <«> 

Cherries . 15  la) 

FRESH  FRUITS 

Apples  above  medium  grade  are  selling 
well ;  lower  grades  dull.  Strawberries  in 
moderate  supply  and  market  firm. 


13 

.11 

•07t£ 

M44 

.07*3 

.30 

.18 


Apples,  Itusset,  bbl . . 

<3  4.00 

Winesap . 

@  6.00 

Greening . 

@  6.50 

York  Imperial . 

@  6.00 

Baldwin . 

Ben  Davis . . 

@  5.00 

Spy . 

@  5.50 

Western — 

Newtown,  box . 

....  1.45 

IS)  2.35 

Spitz,  box . 

®  2.50 

Rome,  box . 

@  2  25 

Black  Ben.  box . 

<3  2.25 

Gano.  box  . 

IS  2.00 

Cranberries — 

Cape  Cod.  bbl . 

@12.00 

Long  Island,  bbl . 

@13.00 

Jersey,  bbl . 

@10.00 

Strawberries.  Fla.,  qt.  ...... 

. 30 

IS  .40 

Oranges,  Fla.  box . 

IS  3.00 

Porto  Rico . 

@  2.75 

California . 

@  3.75 

Grape  Fruit.  Fla.  box . 

@  3.50 

Pineapples,  Havana,  18s.... 

,  ..  1.50 

IS  2.25 

Porto  Rico,  30  s  to  24s . 

@  3.00 

® 

'a 

® 


HONEY 

Market  weak  on  all  but  extracted  clover, 
which  is  very  scare  and  firm. 

White  Clover,  lb . 12  ffl  .14 

Buckwheat, lb  . . 08  ®  .10 

Extracted,  lb . 07  ®  .10 

VEGETA BLES 

No  improvement  is  noted  in  the  potato 

market.  New  cabbage  in  very  heavy  supply 
and  of  poor  quality.  Prime  old  cabbage 
selling  wel.  Old  onions  higher  for  fancy 
grades.  Supply  of  lettuce  is  large  and 

quality  irregular.  Spinach  lower.  String 
beans  selling  well.  Tomatoes  very  dull, 
green  and  of  inferior  quality. 

Potatoes— N.  Y.  State.  180  lbs .  1.12 

Maine . .  1.25 

8weet,  Jersey,  bkt .  1.00 

Sweet  Virginia,  bbl .  I  50 

Asparagus,  So.  Car.  f’cy  doz .  7.00 

Good  to  primq . 2.60 

Calif.,  green,  fancy .  7.00 

Calif.,  green,  common  to  good . 3.00 

Brussels  Sprouts,  qt .  .08 

Beets, new,  bbl .  2.00 

Carrots,  bbl .  1.50 

Southern,  new.  bbl . 2.00 

Cabbage— Danish  seed,  ton . 8.00 

New,  Southern,  bbl . 75 

Celery,  doz . 50 

Chicory,  bbl .  2.00 

Cucumbers.  Fla.  bu . 2.00 

Kscarol.  bbl .  3.50 

Kale,  bbl .  1  00 

Kohlrabi,  Southern,  100  bunches .  2.50 

Lettuce,  Cj-bbl.  bkt . 50 

Peppers.  Southern,  bu . 2.00 

Kennel.  Southern,  bbl .  2  00 

Horseradish,  100  lbs . 5.00 

Lima  Keans,  Fla.  bkt .  2.00 

Okra.  Fla.  Carrier  .  2.00 

Onions,  Orange  Co.,  bag .  1.50 

State  and  Western,  14J  lb.  bag . 2.00 

White  pickle,  bu .  1.25 

Peas.  Fla.,  bu .  3.00 

Radishes.  S’n  44  bbl  - bkt .  1.50 

Romaine,  Southern,  44  bbl . 75 

Salsify,  loo  bunches .  5.00 

String  Beans,  bu . 2.00 

Spinach,  bbl . 75 

Squash,  bbl . .  1.75 

TurniDS,  Rutabaga,  bbl . 7-> 

White,  bbl .  1.00 

Leeks,  Southern,  100  bunches .  2.00 

Egg  Plants.  Fla.,  box .  2.50 

arsnips,  bbl  .  .  1.26 

Parsley  bbl  . 2.00 

Pomatoes,  Fla.  crate . 75 


1.37 
1.50 
1.75 
®.  2.00 
ffl  8  00 
®  6.00 
@10.50 
®  6.00 
@  .18 
@  3.00 
@  2.00 
la)  2.50 
@11.00 
@  1.75 
<9  1.00 
®  3.00 
<3  3.00 
@  3.50 
(d  1.25 
®  4.00 
®  2  00 
@  3.25 
@  3.00 
@  7.00 
@  5.00 
®  3.00 
@  3.00 
«  3.00 
@  2.00 
@  10.00 
@  1.75 
®  1.25 
®  7.00 
®  3.50 
@  1.50 
@  2  25 
®  1.00 
@  1.50 
@  4.00 
@  3.00 
@  1.75 
@  3.00 
@1.50 


HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 
Cucumbers  plenty.  Lettuce  lower.  Mush¬ 
rooms  scare  and  firm.  Tomatoes  very  low. 

Cucumbers,  best,  doz .  1.00  @  1.25 

Common  to  good . 50  @  .75 

Rusarooms.  lb . 15  @  .40 

Mo.dishes,  100  bunches .  2.00  @  3  00 

Rhubarb,  doz  bunches . .  .15  @  .50 

Tomatoes,  Jb . 10  @  .20 

BERMUDA  PRODUCTS 
Potatoes  selling  well.  Romaine  and  peas 
higher. 

Potatoes,  No.  I.  bbl .  6.00  @  6.25 

No.  2  “  .  5.00  ®  5.25 

Beets,  bu.  crate . 76  @  1.00 

Carrots,  crate . 75  @  1.00 

Peas.  44  bu .  3.00  @  4.00 

Parsley,  bu.  crate .  1.00  @  1.12 

Romaine,  crate . 75  @  1.26 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Receipts  are  moderate,  but  trade  very  dull 
except  on  prime  fowls. 

Cbickens,  lb . 14  @  .15 

Fowls . 15  @  .16 

Roosters .  .09  ®  .10 

Ducks . 16  ®  .18 

Geese . 0!*  @  .10 

Turkeys . 12  @  .13 

DRESSED  POULTRY— Fkesh  Killed 
Business  very  dull,  heavy  fowls  espe¬ 
cially  hard  to  sell.  P.roilers  and  squabs 
rather  scarce. 

Turkeys,  Fancy . 19 

Common  to  Good . 16 

Chickens,  roasting,  prime . 18 

Common  to  Good . 14 

Fancy  broilers,  lb . 30 

Fowls .  14 

Squabs,  doz .  1.75  @  4.50 

DRESSED  POULTRY-Frozex 
All  kinds  of  frozen  stock  in  heavy  supply. 
Market  very  dull  and  prices  irregular. 

Turkeys,  best . 22 

Chickens,  milk-fed  broilers . 22 

Corn-fed  broilers . 15 

Milk-fed  roasters . 17 

Corn-fed  roasters . 15 

Fowls .  12 

Ducks,  best . 16 

Common  to  good . 13 

Geese . 08 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 
Most  of  the  calves  offered  are  medium 
quality  or  below.  Lambs  very  irregular  in 
quality,  and  selling  low. 

Calves,  good  to  prime . 11  @  .12 

Common . 08  @  .10 

Lambs,  hothouse,  head .  4.00  @  7.50 

Pork,  light .  . 09  @  .10 

Medium  to  heavy . 118  @  .08^ 

Roasting  Pigs,  lb . 14  ffl  .17 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Market  firm  on  high  grades  of  Timothy 
and  clover.  The  surplus  of  lower  grades 
is  getting  cleared  up  slowly,  though  no 
price  improvement  is  noted. 

Hay,  No.  1,  ton . 21.00  @  21.50 

No.  2 . 18.00(3  20.00 

No.  3 . 13.00  ®  14.00 

Clover  Mixed . 12.00  @  18  00 

Clover . 11.00  @  14.00 

Straw,  Rye .  9.00  @  11.00 

Oat  and  Wheat .  8.00  ffl  9.00 


'A 


NEGLECT 
Will  Ruin 
YourHorse 

Send  today  for 
only 

PERMANENT 


SAFE 
CERTAIN' 


MINERAL 
HEAVE 
REMEDY 


S3  PACKAGE  ^ 

Will  cure  any  case  or 
money  refunded. 

$1  PACKAGE 

cures  ordinary  cases. 
Postpaid  on  receipt  of 
price.  Agents  Wanted. 

Writ©  for  descriptive  booklet. 


Mineral  Heave  Remedy  Co.,  461  Fourth  Avenue.  Pittsburg,  Rt 


@ 


® 

is 

® 


.20 

.18 

.20 

.17 

.36 

.15^ 


.22 

@ 

.23 

.22 

@ 

.25 

.15 

@ 

.22 

.17 

ffl 

.18 

.15 

ffl 

.16 

.12 

ffl 

.15 

.16 

® 

.18 

.13 

® 

.15 

.08 

@ 

.14 

ABS 


Will  reduce  inflamed,  strained, 
swollen  Tendons,  Ligaments, 
Muscles  or  Bruises,  Cure  the 
Lameness  and  Stop  pnin  from  a 
Splint, Side  Bone  or  Bone  Spavin 
No  blister,  no  hair  gone.  Horse  can  be 
used.  Horse  Book  2  D  free.  *2.00  a 
bottle  at  dealers  or  delivered. 

ABSORBINE,JR,,for  mankind,$l, 
Reouces  Strained  Torn  Ligaments, En¬ 
larged  gland*,  veins  or  muscles— heall 
ulcero— allays  pain.  Book  Free. 

W.  F.  YOUNG,  P.  D.  F.,  88  Temple  St.,  Springfield,  Mass- 


Kendalls  Spavin  Cure 


The  one  remedy  you  can  always  de¬ 
pend  on  to  cure  Spavin.  Curb,  Splint, 
Ringbone  or  any  lameness.  Thou¬ 
sands  have  proved  it  invaluable. 
Get  a  bottle  from  your  druggist. 
Price  per  bottle  $1.  6  for  $5.  ‘  ‘Treat-  I 
ise  on  the  Horse"  Free  at  drug¬ 
gist  or  from  I)r.  It.  4.  KEN  DALL  CO., 
Knosliurg  Fails,  Vt.,  U.  8.  A. 


IUMP-JAW 

positively  cured  in  less  than 
three  weeks  with  one 
applicaion  of — 

ADAMS 

Rapid  LUMP-JAW  Cure 

Easy  method,  little  expense,  no  pain  or 
scars.  Written  guarantee  with  each  bottle. 
REMOV-ALL — “  Beats'  Km  AlK’f  or  Sprains, 
Curb,  Bog  Spavin,  all  lameness.  Sold  on 
money-back  guaranty.  Free— Treatise  on 
curing  animal  diseases.  Write  for  copy 
today.  H.  C.  ADAMS  MFG.  CO.  | 

Dept.  SO  .  Algona,  Iowa, 


Buy  This  Money-Saving 
“REO”  Steel  Roof 


Saves  its  cost  five  times  over.  Fireproof.  Lasts 
longer  than  building.  Never  needs  repairs.  Out¬ 
wears  four  wood  shingle  roofs.  Wears  sis  times 
as  long  as  3-ply  composition  roofing.  Reduces  fire 
insurance  rutes  10%  to  20%. 

Edwards  “REO”  Steel  Shingles 

are  easy  to  lay.  Just  hammer  and  nails.  No  sol¬ 
dering.  No  tarring.  Comes  in  stamped  sheets  of 
finest  Bessemer  Steel,  6  to  12  feet  long,  width  24 
inches,  either  painted  or  galvanized. 

Buy  at  factory-to-user  prices.  We  pay  the 
freight.  We  are  largest  makers  of  iron  and  steel 
roofing.  Ask  about  our  $10,000  Guarantee  Bond 
Against  Lightning.  Write  today  for  our  new  Free 
Money  Saving  Catalog  473.  Send  us  the  dimen¬ 
sions  of  your  bnilding. 

THE  EDWARDS  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

423.473  Lock  S«.,  CINCINNATI,  OHIO  (44) 


Simple,  self-regulating,  complete. 
Guaranteed  to  hatch  every  hatchablo 
egg.  Sold  on  40  days  trial  with  money 
,  ,  back  in  case  of  failure.  150,000  in  use 

If  your  dealer  doesn  t  keep  them  write  to  us.  We’ll  semi 
you  our  catalogue  and  two  books,  “Making  Money  tho 
Buckeye  Way”  and  "51  Chicksfrom  50  Eggs,"  Free 
TBE  BUCKEYE  INCUBAIOR  CO.,  508  W,  Euaild  Aveniio,  Spiingilald.’oiilo. 

®*  Buokeyo  Portable  Poultry  Hour.o, 
Sold  Cheaper  Than  You  Can  BuHd  Them. 


125  Egg  Incubator  &ff| 
and  Brooder  Bo£r  dill 


I  If  ordered  together  we  send 
‘both  for  $10.  Freight 
paid  east  of  Rockies.  Hot 
water,  copper  tanks,  double  walls, 
double  glass  doors.  Free  catalog 
describes  them.  Send  for  it  today. 

I  Wisconsin  Incubator  Co., 

Box  118,  Racine,  WIs. 


Big  News  For 

The  famous  Belle  City  Incubator  wins  the  “Tycos”  Cup  Contest  over  machines 
costing  2  to  5  times  as  much— making  it  the  Double  World’s  Champion.  And  the 
winner  raised  over  97 %  of  the  chicks.  ORDER  NOW-Cet  in  the  champion  class  of 
chicken  raisers. 

Order  Direct  From  This  Advertisement 

to  get  early  start.  W.  S.  Reynolds,  Avon,  Mass,  says:  “My  first  Belle  City  hatch 
was  76%  BETTER  THAN  the  highest  priced  machine  made  which  stood  alongside. 
Host  nothing  by  ordering  direct  from  your  ad.  Count  on  me  for  4  to  8  machines.  If 
Others  did  business  as  you  do  there  would  not  be  much  trouble  in  the  business  world.  ’* 
That ’s  my  policy.  You  take  no  risk.  Read  remarkable  offer  below.  Then  order  or  send 
for  "HA  TCHINGFA  CTS’  ’  FREE.  J.  v.  ROHAN.  P,.,ident  B.lle  City  I„c„ba,„r  Com„„y. 


INCUBATOR 

BUYERS 


C  C  Buys  the 

*J\J  R. 


Best  140-Egg 

Incubato  1*  Made 

$4.85  Buys  the  Best  Brooder 

Both  Incubator  and  Brooder,  Ordered  Together 

Cost  You  Only  $1 1.50 — Freight  Prepaid 


We  Ship  Qtdcfc  From 
Buffalo,  Kansas  City, 
St.  Paul  or  Racine 


WHY  PAY  MORE?  Investigate — send  your  name  and  address 
today,  the  easiest  way,  by  postal  or  letter.  I  tell  you  the 
prices  right  here— and  how  my  machines  are  made.  You  can 
have  ninety  days’  trial  on  both  incubator  and 
brooder — and  I’ll  send  all  money  back  if  they 
do  not  do  all  I  represent. 

Be  sure  to  send  for  my  illustrated,  free  book¬ 
let,  Hatching  Facts.’’  But,  if  in  a  hurry,  you 
are  perfectly  safe  in  ordering  right  now  from 
this  ad.  Thousands  do  this  way  every  year. 

I  guarantee  to  ship  all  orders  sent  from  this  ad 
on  day  received— (from  warehouse  nearest  you, 

£r  II  ai£-?e‘L.  A®  disappointments.  Order  a  Complete  140-Chick 
*y  Hatchmg  Outfit  Send  only  gll.50  for  both  Incubator  and 
Brooder  freight  prepaid  (East  of  Rockies).  You’ll  surely  need  the 

140-Chick  Belle 
City  Brooder  ^ 

ONLY 

$4.85 


brooder,  too.  So  make 
the  savings.  Satisfaction 
Guaranteed  or  money  back. 


BELLE  CITY 

WORLD’S  CHAMPIONSHIP 

Incubators  and  Brooders 


1 40-Egg 
Belle  City 
Incubator  Only  $7.S5| 
Freight  Prepaid 
East  of  Rockies 

No  risk,  however  you  order. 

The  editor  of  this  paper  knows  me  to  be 
responsible— I’ve  advertised  in  this  paper  Jor 
many  years  and  treat  my  customers  liberally. 
I’ve  always  given  my  customers  more  for  their 
money  than  any  other  incubator  manufacturer 
in  the  world;  that’s  why  we  do  so  much  business. 

Belle  City  Incubators  will  hatch  more  chick¬ 
ens— under  the  same  conditions— than  any  other 
incubator  made,  or  your  money  will  be  refunded. 
1  his  I  guarantee.  Double  walls— dead  air  space  all  over— copper  tank 
and  boiler— hot  water  heater— best  regulator— deep,  roomy  nursery- 
strong  egg  tray — high  legs — double  door — and  everything  that’s  any 
good  on  an  incubator— all  in  the  Belle  City.  “Tycos”  thermometer— 
egg  tester— burner  and  safety  lamp  included.  The  Belle  City  Brooder 
is  the  only  one  having  double  walls  and  dead  air  spaces.  I  guarantee 
it  to  raise  more  healthy  chicks  than  any  other  Brooder  made. 
Hot-water  top  heat— large,  roomy,  wire  runway  yard,  with  plat¬ 
form-metal  safety  lamp  and  burner. 

Complete  Hatching  Outfit  Only  $11.50 

Over  75,000  machines  in  use— all  doing  perfect  work.  The 
Belle  City  should  be  your  choice.  Send  your  order  now  or 
send  a  postal  card  for  “Hatching  Facts”  booklet  and  full  par- 
ticulars.  Don’t  pay  more  than  my  price.  No  machines,  at 
any  price,  are  better  hatchers  or  brooders. 

Mrs.  M.  J.  Clifton,  of  Quinlan,  Oklahoma,  won  the  World’s 
....  ,  Championship  with  her  Belle  City  Incubator  by  hatching  the 

highest  perfect  score  in  Successful  Farming's  1910  prize  contest  of  188  entries— 
140-egg.  size— 140  eggs  set— 140  chicks  hatched.  This  was  100%  perfect  on  the  full 
~CfUM  ohn  C«ty.  Many  other  incubators  selling  at  from  2  to  5  times  the  low 
price  ot  ttie  Delie  City  did  not  equal  or  even  approach  this  performance.  Thousands 
of  testimonials  show  you  Belle  City  can  do  best  for  you  also. 

J-  V.  Rohan.  President 

Belle  City  Incubator  Company  Box  48 ,  Racine,  Wisconsin 


454 


the  RURAL  NKW-YOKKKR 


April  1, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


During  the  month  of  February  we  re¬ 
ceived  92  claims  in  this  department, 
amounting  to  $2,427.84,  and  collected  40 
accounts  amounting  to  $2,291.14.  There 
were  215  requests  for  ratings  on  houses 
with  which  our  people  proposed  to  do 
business.  This  habit  of  looking  up  rat¬ 
ings  in  advance  is  a  most  important 
practice,  and  the  more  it  is  done  the 
less  annoyance  and  loss  will  result. 

Fraud  orders  were  recently  issued  by 
the  Post  Office  Department  against  the 
R.  Armstrong  Manufacturing  Company, 
Cincinnati,  O.  The  business  was  selling 
vacuum  cleaners.  The  company  is  a 
branch  of  the  World  Mfg.  Co.,  of  which 
W.  P.  Harrison  is  the  promoter.  The 
R.  N.-'Y.  has  been  refusing  the  adver¬ 
tising  of  these  concerns  for  years,  be¬ 
cause  of  the  complaints  entered  against 
their  methods  of  doing  business. 

About  two  years  ago  I  bought  two  acres 
of  grape  land  located  In  or  near  Cicero, 
Cal.,  from  the  Sacramento  Valley  Improve¬ 
ment  Co.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  I  was  to  pay 
for  it  by  the  month  ;  I  am  getting  nervous 
about  it.  Can  you  find  out  for  me  if  they 
are  reliable,  and  if  the  land  is  all  right? 

New  York.  L.  M.  w. 

The  reports  on  this  company  are  a 
little  indefinite,  and  it  is  hard  to  verify 
the  statements  made.  From  a  financial 
point,  however,  they  seem  to  be  satis¬ 
factory.  Some  time  back  we  received 
some  criticisms  of  the  grape  lands,  but 
just  what  the  progress  is  now  we  are 
not  informed.  Perhaps  some  subscribers 
in  that  section  can  inform  us  for  the 
benefit  of  this  inquirer.  At  present  we 
can  only  say  that  we  have  not  yet  known 
of  a  land  scheme  operated  on  this  basis 
that  turned  out  satisfactory  to  the  in¬ 
vestor. 

I  have  a  claim  against  A.  Richardson, 
65  Gansevoort  Street,  New  York,  for  14 
barrels  of  cauliflower  which  we  shipped 
him  in  the  Fall  of  1909.  I  have  been  un¬ 
able  to  collect  it,  and  hope  you  will  be 
able  to  get  it  for  me.  The  amount  is  $5.25. 

Long  Island.  E.  F.  B. 

Can  you  tell  me  the  financial  standing 
of  A.  Richardson,  a  commission  merchant 
at  65  Gansevoort  Street,  New  York?  In 
November,  1909,  we  sent  him  10  barrels  of 
apples.  The  net  price  was  to  be  $23.  We 
received  about  one-third  and  never  any¬ 
thing  but  promises  for  the  balance  and 
hope  you  can  collect  it  for  me.  G.  J.  b. 

New  York. 

A.  Richardson,  commission  merchant,  owes 
me  a  balance  of  $7.86  for  produce  shipped 
him.  lie  promised  to  pay  with  interest, 
but  I  would  be  glad  to  have  the  amount 
without  interest,  and  will  be  glad  if  you 
will  collect  it  for  me.  J.  B.  C. 

New  York. 

These  complaints  indicate  that  Mr. 
Richardson’s  arguments  to  the  producers 
are  very  much  the  same  as  to  us.  He 
has  been  very  prompt  and  courteous 
in  making  replies  to  inquiries,  but  cour¬ 
tesy  and  promptness,  no  matter  how 
commendable,  do  not  pay  bills,  and  the 
best  we  have  been  able  to  get  out  of  him 
is  that  in  hot  weather  he  will  be  able 
to  pay  it  when  cold,  and  when  it  gets 
cold  he  will  be  able  to  pay  when  it  is 
warm.  The  process  is  getting  to  be 
monotonous.  At  all  events  so  far  we 
have  succeeded  in  getting  promises  only. 

The  following  proposition  has  been  made 
me  from  Canada.  Is  it  a  fraud  ? 

“Would  you  undertake  to  organize 
agencies  throughout  Florida,  that  is,  to  ap¬ 
point  agents  in  every  county,  this  agent 
again  to  appoint  agents  in  every  town 
where  the  farmers  sell  their  products,  these 
agents  to  contract  with  the  farmers  to  buy 
all  their  products  beginning  with  the  high¬ 
est  prevailing  price  and  increase  the  price 
every  year.  As,  for  instance,  take  wheat; 
sav  that  we  pay  the  farmers  $1  per  bushel 
the  first  year,  $1.02  the  second  year,  $1.0;> 
the  third  year  and  so  on  ;  this  we  can  do 
b~v  contracting  with  90  per  cent,  of  the  farm¬ 
ers,  and  this  we  can  easily  do  as  we  all 
want  as  much  as  possible  for  our  labor.  \\  e 
are  offering  2,500  shares  of  preferred  stock 
at  $1  par  with  seven  per  cent  guaranteed 
dividend  to  general  State  agents  for  pro¬ 
motion  work  with  an  additional  2.500  shares 
to  all  State  agents  if  the  organization  is 
completed  in  time  to  begin  business  this 
Fall,  and  $5,000  a  year  and  expenses  after. 
If  you  do  not  desire  to  take  this  up  perhaps 
you  know  some  one  who  will ;  kindly  let  me 
know  by  return  mail.  w.  c.  s. 

Florida. 

It  is  at  least  an  opportunity  for  you 
to  lose  some  money. 

The  filing  of  judgments  against  the 
enterprises  of  E.  G.  Lewis  is  reported 
from  St.  Louis  to  the  amount  of  nearly 
$10,000.  These  judgments  have  been  re¬ 
cently  filed;  and  it  is  our  information 
that  they  are  against  the  Lewis  Pub¬ 
lishing  Company,  and  all  are  in  favor 
of  business  houses  of  New  York  City. 
A  suit  has  also  been  filed  for  $8,000 
against  one  of  his  real  estate  com¬ 
panies  which  has  defaulted  in  the  pay¬ 
ment  of  bonds  and  interest.  His 
Woman’s  National  Daily  has  missed 
issues  on  several  occasions,  for  which 
plausible  excuses  have  been  made,  none 
of  which  credits  the  cause  to  the  need 
of  cash  to  pay  in  advance  for  the  neces¬ 
sary  paper  and  postage ;  but  what  was 
promised  to  be  the  greatest  daily  paper 


in  the  world  is  now  to  be  published 
weekly,  and  the  profits  that  it  was  to 
earn  to  pay  for  the  debentures  are  no 
longer  stated  in  definite  figures.  Mr. 
Lewis  admits  now  that  the  chapter 
houses  are  not  paid  for,  and  he  is  invent¬ 
ing  new  Schemes  to  borrow  money  to 
meet  these  obligations.  There  is  prob¬ 
ably  no  help  for  the  dupes  who  are  will¬ 
ing  to  continue  to  put  their  money  into 
such  a  bottomless  sink  hole,  but  we  want 
the  innocent  people  who  are  approached 
by  his  paid  agents  and  advertisements  to 
understand  the  nature  of  the  proposition 
presented  to  them.  It  is  almost  un¬ 
believable  that  any  man  could  continue 
the  operations  promoted  by  Lewis  for 
the  past  several  years.  It  has  been 
one  gigantic  bluff  from  start  to  finish, 
and  when  finally  called  it  will  reveal  one 
of  the  greatest  scandals  of  our  time. 

Can  you  tell  ine  about  the  present  condi¬ 
tion  of  the  Banking  &  Loan  Company, 
Macon,  Ga.?  v.  w.  c. 

Ohio. 

This  concern  failed  about  two  years 
ago  with  liabilities  estimated  at  $85,000, 
and  assets  of  $25,000  to  $30,000.  The 
assets  are  in  mortgages  to  run  from  five 
to.  eight  years.  About  $14,000  of  the 
liabilities  are  in  seven  per  cent  mort¬ 
gages  which  will  probably  be  paid  in 
full.  From  this  it  will  be  seen  that  the 
depositors  will  get  very  little,  and  that 
after  a  wait  of  eight  years.  Again  let 
us  caution ;  Don’t  send  your  money  for 
investments  to  people  and  institutions 
you  know  nothing  about. 

The  express  company  lias  refunded  $3.20 
mentioned,  and  $15  besides,  which  they 
claimed  was  a  mistake,  and  should  not  been 
charged  in  the  bill ;  nevertheless  they  did 
nothing  towards  righting  the  matter  until 
The  R.  N.-Y.  brought  it  before  them.  Please 
accept  thanks  of  the  old  veterans  and 
friends  of  Mrs.  Smith  ;  we  pledge  ourselves 
to  do  all  we  can  for  the  cause  of  truth  and 
justice.  G.  K.  P. 

New  York. 

This  is  a  story  of  sorrow  and  extor¬ 
tion  combined.  George  W.  Smith  was 
an  old  soldier  and  member  of  the  126th 
Regiment  of  New  York  State  Infantry. 
He  was  72  years  old.  He  was  taken  to 
the  Soldiers’  Home  at  Bath,  N.  Y.,  a 
year  ago  in  the  hope  that  treatment 
there  would  better  his  physical  condi¬ 
tion,  as  he  had  suffered  from  a  paralytic 
shock.  He  died  January  22,  and  the  re¬ 
mains  were  shipped  by  express  to  his 
home  at  Holcomb,  N.  Y.  The  regular 
passenger  fare  direct  is  $2 ;  but  ship¬ 
ment  was  made  by  way  of  Batavia, 
N.  Y.,  some  50  miles  or  more  out  of 
.the  way,  through  two  express  compan¬ 
ies,  and  express  charges  of  $10  collected 
in  addition  to  $15.40  for  undertaker’s 
charges  at  Bath.  Even  at  the  regular 
rates  for  the  roundabout  route,  an  excess 
of  $3.20  was  charged  for  express  alone. 
The  matter  has  now  been  corrected; 
but  if  kindly  neighbors  had  not  taken  it 
up  in  indignant  protest  the  bereaved 
widow  would  probably  have  been  obliged 
to  suffer  the  injustice  in  silence.  We 
seldom  effect  an  adjustment  of  a  wrong 
that  appeals  to  us  as  strongly  as  this 
complaint. 

Wm.  H.  Birge,  Franklin,  Pa.,  wants 
the  address  of  any  person  whose  sur¬ 
name  is  or  was  Birge  and  who  was  born 
in  Onondaga  County,  New  York,  be¬ 
tween  1847  and  1853.  The  object  is  to 
find  some  lost  relatives.  J.  J.  d. 


Caller  :  “I  didn’t  know  your  son  was 
at  college.  Is  this  his  freshman  year?” 
Mrs.  Bunderby :  ‘‘Oh,  no,  indeed!  He’s 
a  sycamore.” — Boston  Transcript. 

Visitor:  “I’ve  just  come  from  the  doc¬ 
tor's  funeral,  but  I  didn’t  see  any  of  you 
there.”  Hostess:  “No — my  husband 
didn’t  care  to  go.;  a  funeral  always  up¬ 
sets  him.”  Visitor:  “Ob,  well,  if  you 
never  go  to  other  people’s  funerals  I 
don’t  see  how  you  can  expect  them  to 
come  to  yours.” — Punch. 

»rS  POULTRY  SUPPLIES 

Every  tiling  for  the  ponltryman  at  low  prices;  Auto, 
matic  Feeders,  Hall  Mammoth  and  Model  Ineuba 
tors.  Feed,  Remedies,  Hen-e-ta,  Rat  Corn,  Liverine, 
LegBands,etc.  Prompt  shipments.  Write  forcatalog’. 

HARRIES  &,  BENEDICT  CO.  67BNAeqcvLoV,ST- 

RICHLAND  FARMS. 

Breeders  and  Exhibitors  of 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS, 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS, 

S.  C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS. 
Our  Prices  Hatching  Eggs— S.  C.  White  Leghorns— One 

setting,  15  eggs,  $2:  two  settings,  30  eggs,  $3.50; 
three  settings,  45  eggs,  $4.75;  one  hundred  eggs,  $8; 
one  thousand  eggs,  $70.  White  Plymouth  Rocks  and  S.  C. 
Black  Orpingtons— One  setting,  15  eggs,  $2.50  and  $5; 
one  hundred  eggs,  $14  and  $28.  Fertility  Guaranteed. 

Our  Prices  Baby  Chicks— S.  C.  White  Leghorns— Fifty  or 
less,  each,  20  cents:  one  hundred,  $15;  one  thousand, 
$125.  White  Plymouth  Rocks  and  S.  C.  Black  Orpingtons— 
Fifty  or  less,  each,  30  cents:  one  hundred,  $25,  We 
guarantee  safe  arrival  of  CHICKS  in  first-class 
condition. 

RICHLAND  FARMS,  Frederick,  Md. 

WRIGHT’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTE  WINNERS-Eggs,  $4.50 
for  100.  Baby  Chix,  $12.50  for  100;  $7.00  for  50. 
GRAND  VIEW  FARM,  Stanfordville,  N.  Y. 

EGGS  FOR  HATCHING  ^^0$0100Go$3o°d 

stock  guaranteed.  H.  A.  THATCHER,  Perulack,  Pa. 


Chance  With  Your 
Eggs  or  Chicks? 

Don’t  blame  your  poor  hatches  to  the  parent 
stock,  or  the  eggs,  because  lack  of  moisture, 
irregular  heat,  and  cheap  incubators  are  respon¬ 
sible  for  the  death  of  millions  of  chicks  in  the 
shell  every  year. 

The  International  Self- 
Humidifying:  Incubator 

is  absolutely  automatic  in  every  function,  unvariable 
temperature,  {positive  moisture  from  the  moment  of 
starting  the  hatch  until  necessary  to  properly  dry 
the  newly  hatched  unit  of  future  profit,  so  thoroughly 
safe-guarding  its  entrance  into  poultrydom  as  to 
guarantee  its  livability. 

Your  brooder  losses  are  not  always  the  fault  of  the  chicks. 

Ultimate  success  depends  on  the  proper  mothering-  of  chicks. 

The  International  Sanitary  Hover 

is  the  only  one  positively  supplying  the  highest  temperature  at  the  outer  «- 
edge.  Therefore,  no  loss  by  crowding  to  the  center  and  every  chick  has  a  * 
chance  under  this  hover.  Entire  metal  construction.  Portable  and  adjust¬ 
able  to  all  conditions.  Eliminates  expensive  brooder  house  equipment. 

Our  best  efforts  are  centered  in  the  production  of  Day-Old-Chicks 
and  Hatching  Eggs  from  matured  stock.  No  pullet  eggs  are  used 
except  for  table  purposes.  All  orders  for  Incubators,  Hovers, 

Day-Old-Chicks  or  Hatching  Eggs  will  positively  be  filled 
within  24  hours  after  receipt. 

Send  today  for  1911  catalog  on  incubators  and  hovers,  also^  our 
stock  catalog  on  Rancocas  Strain  Baby  Chick - J  1-' - 

INTERNATIONAL  POULTRY 

Home  Office,  Box  285,  Brown 
Branch,  No.  21  Barclay  St.,  f 


Bonnie  Brae  White  Leg-  ' 

horns  and  Pekin  Ducks 

ready;  also  some  choiee  matings  of  Barred  and 
White  Plymouth  Rocks,  Rose  Comb  White  Leg¬ 
horns,  White  Wyandottes,  Single  and  Rose  Comb 
Rhode  Island  Reds,  Light  Brahmas,  Mammoth 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Pearl  Guinea  Fowl.  Orders 
for  early  settings  and  baby  chicks  now  hooked. 
Get  some  prize  matings  at  right  prices.  BONNIE 
BRAE  POULTRY  FARM,  NEW  ROCHELLE,  N  Y.  Largest 
successful  plant  in  New  York  vicinity.  10,000-egg 
capacity.  Agents  for  Cyphers  Incubator  Company. 
Correspondence  invited. 

THE  BEST  S.  C.  REDS 

ARB 

DAVIS’*200  EGG’ STRAIN 

FftAC  Utility . $1  per  13;  $0  per  100 

bllUO  Special  Matings  ...  $2  per  13;  $10  per  100 

-  Prize  Matings  ....  $5  per  13;  Mammoth 

Hot  Water  Incubator  Baby  Chicks  ....  $15  per  100 
Book  Orders  Now  Circular  Free 

DAVIS  POULTRY  FARM,  Berlin.  Mass. 

Van  Alstyne’s  Rhode  Island  Reds 

10  Utility  Cockerels  at  $3.00  each;  100  S.  C.  Year¬ 
ling  Hens  at  $2.00  each;  50  S.  C.  surplus  Pullets  at 
$2.50  each.  Eggs  for  hatching  in  any  number. 

JAS.  E.  VAN  ALSTVNE,  Kinderhook,  N.Y. 

MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1844 

R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  GO.,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 

Buff,  Wh.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  S.  C.  H.  I.  Red. 
Erks,  90c.  per  15,  $1.50  per  30.  $2.75  per  60,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  Pa. 

MT.  PLEASANT  FARM 

A  b  reeding  establishment  of  250  acres, 
devoied  to  developing  the  best 

S-  c.  W.  LEGHORNS 

Fine  Breeding  Cockerels  at  reasonable  prices. 

MT.  PLEASANT  FARM,  Box  Y,  HAVRE  DE  GRACE,  Maryland. 

THE  FARMER'S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 

1  layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 

Flifi^  FOR  CAI  F— Choice  Buff  Wyandotte 
tuug  run  eggs,  75  cents  15  and 

$4.00  per  hundred.  CHAS.  I.  MILLER,  R.  F.  D. 
No.  I,  Hudson,  N.  Y. 

EMPIRE  STATE  S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Winners  at  N.  Y.  State  Fair.  Heavy  layers;  trios. 

$5.  Eggs  for  hatching,  $1  for  15,  $5  for  100.  Cata¬ 
logue  free.  C.  H.  ZIMMER,  Weedsport,  N.  Y. 

BUFF  WYANDOTTES-*’ $ >eof 

15.  LAWRENCE  KS8ELSTYN,  Claverack,  N.  Y. 

Pfllll  TRYMFN“Send  1°  cents  for  our  fine  60- 
lUULI  ll  1  If  1 L 1 1  page  Illustrated  Catalogue. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Marietta,  Pa. 

Eggs  For  Hatching-!1;,.";, 

Indian  liunner  Ducks.  High-class  stock- 
utility.  show  or  export  SINCLAIR  SMITH,  602 
Fifth  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

LAKEHILL  FARM 

AV.  H.  THACHKK. 

Single  and  Hose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W.  P.  Rocks 
and  Imp.  Pekin  Ducks.  Cockerels  and  Ducks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  in  any  quantity  from  $2  up. 
Chicks,  $15  per  100.  Ducklings,  $25  per  100.  Write 
for  special  prices  in  large  lots.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  of  batching  eggs  and  day  old  chicks 
and  ducklings.  Safe  delivery  and  satisfaction 
guaranteed.  CAULW.  LLOYD,  Mgr,, 

Hillside,  Westchester  County,  N.  Y. 

R-  *•  NEDS— 200-egg  strain.  Eggs, 
nllAllll  o  $1.50  per  setting.  Prices  on  quantities. 
AUSTIN  POULTRY  FARM,  Centre  Harbor,  N.  H. 

D  P  D  1  DCnc — BEST  WINTER  LAYERS. 
Ill  U ■  n.  !■  ntuo  Eggs  for  hatching,  $1  for  15. 
K.  F.  DEMAREST,  Mt.  View,  Passaic  Co.,  N.  J. 

Fmstkain  s.  c,  w.  Leghorn 

Breeding  Hens  at  lowpiice  to  make  room.  Also 
promising  Cockerels  cheap  in  quantities.  Also  K  1. 
Reds.  Eggs  for  hatching.  St.  Moritz  Farm,  Ramsey,  N.J. 

BUFF  ORPINGTON’ DUCKS,  twice  won  the  Australian 
D  laying  contests.  Three  years  unbeaten  show  record. 
List  furnished.  Dunrobin  Farm,  Chatham.  New  Jersey. 

FARM  BRED  POULTRY-FREE  RANGE 

Partridge  Cochins,  White  Rocks,  Barred 
Rocks.  Partridge  Wyandottes.  Prize  win¬ 
ning  strains.  Send  for  egg  list. 

MINCH  HllOS.,  11-Si,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

India  Runner  Ducks.  S.  C.  White  Leghorns 

Eggs  for  Hatching.  Send  for  Circular. 

F.  J.  FULLER,  Waterport,  Orleans  County,  New  York 

Greider’s  Fine  Catalogue  ^ 

of  pure  bred  poultry,  for  1911,  over  200 

pages,  57  colored  pictures  ot  fowls,  calen-  Mjw 

darfor  each  month,  illustrations,  descrip- 

tionS,  photos,  incubators,  brooders,  and 

all  details  concerning  the  business,  where  W 

and  how  to  buy  fine  poultry,  eggs  for  T 

hatching,  supplies,  etc.,  at  lowest  cost.  Jjf 

Send  15c.  B.  H.  Greioer,  Box  58 ,  Rheemx,  P». 

CCCC — Guaranteed  fertile;  from  range -grown 
LUOO  stock  that  pay  large  piofits  at  the  egg  basket 

MAPLE  COVE  POULTRY  FARM  .  .  R,  D.  24,  Athens,  Pa. 

T~A  O  from  high  record  W.  P.  Rock 

1  -B-I  Hens,  $2  for  15,  $5  for  45. 

i->vJ  VJ  A.  S.  BRIAN,  Mt.  Kisco,  N.  Y. 

The  Big  White  Egg  Makers 

Rose  Comb  Black  Minorcas,  Indian  Runner  Ducks. 

The  Big  White  Birds 

Crystal  White  Orpingtons — Utilities,  Beauties. 
Year  round  layers.  Eggs  for  hatching.  Circular 
free.  F.  N.  ADAMS,  Route  1,  Orwell,  Ohio. 

CINGLK-COMB  White  Orpingtons,  Kellerstrass  strain.  Eggs  for 

0  hatching  $3  per  la;  from  prize  winning  stock,  three  cockerels 
$5  each.  W.  A.  KAI8KR,  2703  Jamaica  A ve.,  Richmond  Hiil,L.  I 

CINE  QUALITY  ORPINGTONS,  black  and  white.  Owens’ 

■  and  Cook’s  strains.  $2  and  $3  per  sitting.  $10 
per  100.  KEV.  J.  D.  GRAHAM,  Lyonsville,  Mass. 

TIIRIfFY  M.  B.  Narra,  and  White 

lUnUCI  CUUO,  Holland,  $3.00  for  12.  B. 
P.  Rox,  S.  C.  Black  Minorcas,  S.  C.  R.  I.  Reds, 
Silver,  Golden  and  White  Wyandottes,  S.  C. 
White  Leghorns.  'Ail  Eggs  $1.00  for  17.  Pekin 
Duck  Eggs,  $1,00  for  13.  Tool.  Goose  Eggs,  $3.00 
for  12.  W  .  It  .  CAKLH, 

R.  F.  D.  No.  1,  Jacobsburg,  Ohio. 

IAIHITE  HOLLAND  TURKIC  VS  from  prize 
ft  winners  at  bargain  prices.  White  Wyandotte 
eggs-for  hatching.  H.  W.  Anderson,  Stewartstown,  Pa. 

GIANT  BRONZE 

Eggs,  $1.00  per  15;  Indian  Runner  Duck  Eggs.  $1.00 
per  10.  SHROPSHIRE  SHEEP. 

H.  J.  VAN  DYKE,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

C  NOW  WHITE  WYANDOTTE  EGGS  for  hatching,  $1  per  15, 

u  $5  per  100.  A  few  good  Cockerels.  Circular  free. 
GOLDEN  ROD  FARM,  Dept.  R,  Stewartstown,  Pa. 

Eleven  First  Friases 

At  leading  Poultry  Shows,  Indian  Runner  Ducks  and 
Rouen  Ducks.  Madison  Square  Garden  Winners  our  Rose- 
comb  Black  Minorcas  won  Silver  Cup  at  Paterson,  and 
Barred  Plymouth  Rocks.  All  eggs  $2.00  per  15,  $3.50  per  30, 

$8  per  100'.  Also  pure  bred  Angora  Goats  and  Collie  Dogs, 
$10  and  up.  CLARK  FARM,  BOONTON,  N.  J. 

BURR’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTES 

By  12  years’  breeding  and  careful  selection  have  developed 
winning  quality  and  great  egg  production.  Farm  raised, 
free  range.  Eggs,  $5.00  per  hundred  ;  SI  per  setting.  85# 
fertility.  WILLIAM  O.  BURR,  Fairfield,  Conn. 

f)  O  EGGS  $1.00— Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
L  U  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  I-arge  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 

THOROUGHBRED  POULTRY-Best  twenty  varieties, 
Good  stock.  Eggs,  15,  SI;  40,  $2.  Catalogue. 
H.  K.  MOHR,  Quakertown,  Pa.,  Route  3. 

PRIZE  WINNING  STRAINS !  &TS. 

dottes.  Rhode  Island  Reds,  both  combs,  Single 
Comb  White  and  Brown  Leghorns,  eggs  $1.50,  15; 
$7.00,  100.  Light  and  Dark  Brahmas,  $2.00,  15.  Cat¬ 
alog  gratis.  F.  M.  PRESCOTT,  Riverdale,  N.  J. 

U/ILD  AND  BRONZE  TURKEY  EGGS-Chicken  Eggs.  Hand- 

if  some  Catalog  2  ct. 

Stamp,  showing  pure  wild  gobbler  from  the  moun¬ 
tain.  VALLEY  VIEW  POULTRY  FARM,  Belleville.  Pa. 

EGGS — $1  per  15,  $2  per  40  of  Thor.  Brahma**.  Rocks,  Wy»n- 
dottes,  Ked«,  Minorcas,  Houdans,  Leghorns,  Hamburgs;  19  v»r., 
28  years’  experience.  Catalogue.  8.  K.  Mohr,  Coopersburg,  Fa. 

IITII  ITV  DQCCnQ— Moun  tain  air,  open-front 
UIILI1  I  DliLLUo  house  stock  eggs  for  hatch¬ 
ing.  Black  Orpington  or  R.  1.  Reds,  $2.00  per  15. 
White  Wyandottes  or  B.P,  Rocks,  $1.50  per  15.  It.  I. 
Red  Cockerels,  Angora  Goats  and  Kids  for  sale. 
SHOHOLA  FRUIT  AND  POULTRY  FARM  .  .  Shohola.  Pa. 

Farmers  and  Poultrymen. 

You  must  not  blame  us  if  occasionally  our  en¬ 
thusiasm  bubbles  over  when  speaking  of  our  cus¬ 
tom  hatching  department  as  carried  on  by  our 
experts  in  our  mammoth  hot  water  incubator. 
Results  are  showing  people  all  over  the  country 
that  we  know  our  business  by  saving  them  time, 
worry  and  money,  and  giving  them  stronger  chicks 
than  the  old  hen  or  kerosene  oil  fume  incubators 
ever  did.  You  send  us  the  eggs— we’ll  do  the  rest 
do  it  right  and  send  you  the  chicks.  Write  for  in¬ 
formation  and  prices,  anyway. 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM,  Millerton,  N.  Y 

Why  Take  a 


1911. 


THE  KUKAb  NEW-YORKER 


466 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  -New-Yorker,  April  1,  1911. 

FARM  TOPICS. 

Steam  Sterilizing  Tobacco  Seed  Beds, 

425,  42(1 

An  Experience  With  Lime .  42(1 

Co-operative  Marketing  No.  2 .  427 

Where  to  Put  the  Farm  Manure .  427 

Some  Promising  Young  Stock .  427 

Peas  Before  Potatoes .  428 

Sound  Sense  on  “Back  to  the  Land”..  428 

Shall  We  Harrow  in  Lime? .  429 

The  Imported  Onion  Maggot .  430 

Sprouting  Potatoes;  Starting  Melons..  481 

Use  of  Wood  Ashes .  431 

Self-sown  Oats;  Fertilizer  for  Truck..  431 

Cotton  Boll-worm  “Conspiracy” .  481 

More  About  Manure  Spreaders .  482 

Was  Soil  or  Fertilizer  at  Fault? .  432 

Slaking  a  Carload  of  Lime . 433 

Lime  After  Potatoes .  434 

Trap-Nests  for  the  Flea  Beetles .  434 

Interesting  the  Boy .  435 

Cost  of  Ten  Acres  in  Alfalfa .  435 

Lime  and  Potatoes .  435 

Flax  Diseases  .  435 

Hope  Farm  Notes  .  438 

S'jortsvifle  Farmers'  Day  and  Institute  441 
Farm  Values  in  Massachusetts  and 

Idaho  . .  441 

Winter  Work  in  Wisconsin .  448 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

A  Horse  Deal  in  Connecticut . . .  42(1 

“Best  Cow  in  Iowa” .  444 

An  Iowa  Dairy  Train .  444 

The  "White  Faces”  .  444 

Alfalfa  for  Steers .  444 

The  Mule  or  the  Cow .  444 

Cost  of  Meat  or  Milk .  444 

Horse  Breeding  .  444 

Cement  Floor  for.  Stable .  445 

A  Horse  Salesman.  Talks .  445 

More  Short-born  Dairy  Cows .  445 

Dairy  Short-borns  Once  More .  44(1 

L argot .  440 

Lameness . 440 

Crease  . .  440 

Making  an  Ox  Yoke .  447 

A  Washington  Laying  Flock .  447 

Planning  a  Barn .  448 

Milk  .  449 

Grains  for  Milch  Cows . _449 

Cement  Floor  for  Henhouse .  450 

Bronze  Turkeys  .  450 

Clipping  Hens'  Wings .  450 

Lice  and  Sitting  liens .  450 

Complete  Henyard  Fertilizer .  450 

Bordeaux  Mixture  and  liens .  450 

The  Nest  Egg  Fallacy .  450 

Hen  Lice  . .  450 

Corn  Fodder  for  Litter .  450 

Wet  Grains  in  Storage....'. .  450 

How  to  Handle  Little  Chicks .  451 

Purchased  Dairy  Feed .  452 

Improving  a  Ration .  452 

Ration  Needs  Improvement .  452 

Ration  for  Fattening .  452 

HORTICULTURE. 

Pedigree  Trees  or  Bud  Selection .  420 

Hairy  Vetch  in  a  Peach  Orchard....  420 

Dishorning  Old  Apple  Trees .  420 

Freaks  and  Fakes..... .  428 

New  Forms  of  Arsenic  for  Spraying..  428 

Spray  the  Apple  Trees . ". .  429 

October  Sales  From  a  Back  Yard....  430 

Baldwin  Apples  Every  Year .  481 

(.rafting  in  the  Fall .  431 

Transplanting  Large  Grapevines .  431 

Mulching  to  Retard  Buds .  431 

(  hestuut  in  the  South . .  432 

Where  Can  Fruit  Be  Sold? .  432 

Summer  Pruning  Apples  in  Ohio .  434 

Ball  Game  for  the  Peach  Crop .  435 

Treatment  of  Old  Orchard .  430 

Oriental  Pear  Stocks .  437 

Milkweed,  Dahlia  and  Sunflower  for 

Seed  .  437 

Growing  Raspberries  . 437 

Early-bearing  Quinces  .  439 

Clematis  from  Seed .  489 

Ants  in  Mushroom  Beds .  489 

Left-over  Lime-Sulphur  Mixture .  439 

Pruning  Wistaria  .  489 

Larkspur  and  Medicinal  Herbs .  439 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day .  442 

The  Fireless  Cooker .  442 

Home  Candy  Making .  442 

The  Rural  Patterns . *443 

A  Homemade  Bookcase .  444 

Quick  Raised  Biscuits .  444 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Cement  for  Bracing  Posts .  429 

Motors  and  Fruits. .  ; .  429 

Terms  of  Contract .  432 

Building  an  Icebox .  436 

Editorials  . 440 

Other  People's  Money .  441 

Events  of  the  Week .  441 

Publisher’s  Desk  .  454 


MARKETS. 

% 

(  Continued  from  page  453.) 
LIVE  STOCK 


HUMOROUS 


<  'xou  and  Stags . 

...  4.5U 

at 

<§ 

6  55 
5.00 

calves,  Pi  ime  Veal,  100  lbs . 

...  a .5 J 

cs* 

<k.  (•) 

9.00 

Culls  . 

( a ) 

5. CO 

Sheep,  100  Jbs . 

...  4.00 

<-/. 

4.50 

Lambs . 

(a) 

7.25 

Hogs . 

(& 

7.75 

GKAJLN 

Wheat,  No.  1.  Northern  Spring  ... 

. ..  1.08 

<> 

No.  2,  Bed . 

(d 

No.  1  Macaroni . 

.  .  .97 

I'orn,  ns  to  quality,  bush . 

.53 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . . 

. . .  .35 

@ 

.38 

llye . 

@ 

.86 

MILL  FEED 

Spring  Bran, ton . .  2:5.00  <8  20.00 

Standard  Middlings .  26.00  i&  '-’8.00 

Rod  Dog .  27 .50  (<d  28.00 

Hominy  Chop .  22.50  IS)  20.70 

Lin  seed  Meal .  85  00  (<e  80  00 

corn  Meal . 28.U0  <0  21.00 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  14.55 

XT  Middling  Gulf .  H  «0 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  u.i;K 

Good  Middling . .  15.00 

WOOL 

New  York  Fleeces,  Delaine,  unwashed. 

Ohio  half  blood  combing . 

Kentucky,  three  eighths  blood . ! 

Michigan,  half  blood . 

TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadleaf-tiller . 

Fine  wrppp's . 

N  Y.  State  Fillers . "!”!!!!“” 

Fine  and  Selections . 

Ohio,  Zimmer  s  Spanish . 

Vi-vinia  Dark  Lugs . 

Dirk  Leaf . . 

Bright  Cutters . . 


d . .  21 

.25 

...  .21 

'a) 

.50 

...  .27 

fa) 

27  M 

...  .20 

(3> 

■26^ 

ra) 

.10 

.  .50 

(A 

.60 

.  .15 

.06 

.  .12 

.16 

.  .19 

@ 

.20 

(•t 

•<W 

<a) 

.20 

.  .12 

(a) 

.30 

“Your  own  baby,  if  you  have  one,” 
advertised  the  enterprising  photographer, 
“can  be  enlarged,  tinted  and  framed 
for  $9.75  a  dozen.”— Blue  Bull. 

“He  always  was  a  bad  egg,  but  no¬ 
nobody  seemed  to  notice  it  while  he  was 
rich.”  “Yes,  he  was  all  right  until  he 
he  was  broke.” — Blue  Bull. 

Drug  Clerk:  “Yes,  sir,  we  have 
many  applications  for  corns.”  Custo¬ 
mer:  “That’s  odd!  Most  people  want 
to  get  rid  of  them.” — Purple  Cow. 

Mr.  Struckoil  :  “That  there  sculptor 
feller  says  he’s  a  goin’  to  make  a  bust 
of  me.”  Mrs.  Struckoil :  “Henery,  it’s 
just  turrible  the  way  you  do  talk;  say 
‘hurst,’  not  ‘bust.’  ” — Philadelphia  Rec¬ 
ord. 

Stranger:  “I  hear  you  have  a  sick 
hyena  here,  dying  of  hydrophobia?” 
Keeper  of  Zoo:  “Yes,  sir.”  Stranger: 
“I’d  like  to  get  his  final  ravings  on  this 
phonograph.  I'm  a  manufacturer  of 
automobile  horns.” — Judge. 

Country  Vicar  (visiting  a  family 
where  a  child  has  scarlet  fever)  :  “I 
suppose  you  keep  him  well  isolated?” 
“Lor,  bless  you,  sir,  yes.  He  keeps  be¬ 
hind  that  clothes-horse,  and  don’t  come 
among  us  but  for  meals.” — Punch. 

Farmer  (watching  motor  car)  : 
“What’s  that  thing  stuck  on  up  the 
side?”  Chauffeur:  “That’s  spare  tire 
in  case  one  of  the  wheels  goes  wrong.” 
Farmer:  “Well,  I’ve  drove  horses  for 
almost  twenty  years,  an’  I  never  carried 
a  spare  leg  for  one  of  them  yet.” — Puck. 

"Ah  !  So  that  is  the  oldest  inhabi¬ 
tant?”  said  the  city  man.  “A  venerable 
figure,  truly !  How  do  you  account  for 
his  having  lived  all  these-  years?” 
“Well,”  a  trifle  acidly  replied  the  land¬ 
lord  of  the  Skeedee  tavern,  “I  guess  it’s 
b’cuz  he’s  never  done  anything  else.” — 
Puck. 

On  a  recent  examination  paper  in 
civics  was  this  question:  “If  the  Presi¬ 
dent,  Vice-President,  and  all  the  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  Cabinet  should  die,  who 
would  officiate?”  Robert,  a  boy  of 
twelve,  thought  for  some  time,  trying  in 
vain  to  recall  who  came  next  in  succes¬ 
sion.  At  last  a  happy  inspiration  came 
to  him  and  he  answered,  “The  under¬ 
taker.” — Housekeeper. 

CnPC~P,;ABL  GUINEAS,  Indian  Runner 
LUUU  1)u<‘ks-  Barred  Plymouth  Rocks  and 
Mammoth  Bronze  Turkoys.  Write  for 
Free  Price  list.  POPLAR  LAWN  FARMS,  West  Falls,  N.  Y 

tgge— 30  for  $1.00;  $8.00  per  100  8.  <’.  Brown 

Leghorns.  Good  stock  guaranteed. 

H.  A.  THATCHER  :  :  :  Peruljick,  Pa. 

FOR  SALFt.S  P-  White  Leghorns  (Young’s 
■  vii  Strain)  eggs  tor  hatching,  $5  per  100 

$40  per  1000.  L.  MOORE,  Route  1,  Ellenville,  N.  Y. 

“Bred  to  Lay,  Sure  to  Pay”  Eggs  from  vigorous  ma- 
S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS  turo  birds,  result  of  seven 
WYGROPPR  str  a  IN  y«ars  breeding  011  the 
YVYLKUMS  STRAIN  860  A.  free  range.  LAKE- 

VIEW  FARM,  Eofls  and  Stock,  R.  F.  D.  2,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORN  BABY  CHICKS 

Blanchard  strain  hatching  eggs;  prices  reasonable 
JAMES  GOODMAN,  New  Ringgold,  Pa. 

□  mil  TDV-35  Eest  Breeds.  Bred  for  Laying. 

I  UUU  II  I  Large  circular  illustrated  in  colors 
Free.  JOHN  E.  HEATWOLE,  Harrisonburg,  Va. 

"IXTYCKOFF-BLANCH ARD  strains  Single-Oomb 
77  White  Leghorns,  $1.25  setting.  Heavy  laying 
Rose-Comb  Black  Jlinorcas,  $1.50  setting.  Circular 
HIGH  RIDGE  POULTRY  FARM,  Laurel.  Md' 

PUL L ET^~S  C-  W-  LEGHORNS-Booking  orders 

I .  '  **  future  delivery.  Hatching  eggs  from 
vigorous  birds  for  prompt  shipment.  Limited 
number  choice  breeders.  Lakewood  and  Youngs 
strains.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington,  N.  j. 

ORPINGTON S — S.  C.  Black  and  White  Cockerels; 
7^  Black  Bullets.  Standard  bred  stock  at  reason- 
able  prices.  Eggs,  $2  per  15.  R.  M.  Morrison,  Lyme,  N.  H. 

EGGS_BARRED  ROOKS;  S.  C.  REDS;  large, 
vigorous  layers;  $1.00  for  15,  $5.00  per  100, 

J.  It.  ELLIS  :  :  ;  :  Pulaski,  N.  Y. 

R  C,B.  MINORCAS;  great  layers;  eggs,  SI. 00 
AV*  for  15.  GEO.  BOWDISH,  Esperance,  N.  Y. 

SC.  BLACK  MINORCA  COCKERELS,  (Northup  Strain) 

•  range  reared.  Eggs  for  hatching;  prices  reason¬ 
able.  JAMES  GOODMAN,  New  Ringgold,  Pa. 

PURE  BRED  WHITE  HOLLAND  TURKEY 
A  EGGS.  Mbs.  E.  J.  RIDER,  Rodman,  N.  Y. 

\A/HITE  EGG  STRAIN  INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS— Thor- 

VI  oughbred,  vigorous  birds.  Wonderful  layers 
of  large  white  eggs;  mated  with  imported  drakes, 
well  marked,  fawn  and  white;  $2.00  for  15;  Buff 
Orpingtons,  $1.50  for  15.  Liberal  discount  for  incu- 
batoreggs.  Ciikrry  Hill  Farms,  Pittstown.  N.  J. 

......  RUNNER  ducksand  drakes. from  280 egg  strain. 

.Light  Brahmas.  C.  GORDON,  Sp rakers,  N.Y. 


INDIAN 

■  Li- 


Ti^AMMOT  11  PEKINS  and  Indian  Runners  from 
1  nip.  stock.  Strong,  vigorous  ducklings,  15c. 
Lggs,  $.)  hundred.  W.  Irish,  R.D.,  Po’keepsie.N.Y. 

INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS — Black  Langshan  Kggs  for 

I  sale.  J.  GORDON  DRAKE,  Port  Huron,  Mich 


WYOMING  SHOVELS 

Just  one  look  tells  you  that  WYOMING 
SHOVELS  will  give  that  long,  satisfactory 
service  you  have  been  looking  for. 

They  are  made  to  stand  the  gaff.  Their  blades 
are  made  of  crucible  steel — they  seldom  need  grind¬ 
ing.  Their  strong  ash  handles  defy  the  most  severe 
strain  you  are  apt  to  put  upon  them. 

If  you  want  to  accomplish  twice  the  work  in  a 
given  time,  and  save  the  money  usually  lost  in 
buying  inferior  grades,  use  WYOMING  SHOVELS. 

Your  money  invested  in  them  will  be 
well  spent.  Get  a  WYOMING  SHOVEL 
to-day  and  prove  its  worth  for  yourself. 

All  varieties  of  shapes.  Every  one  fully 
guaranteed.  Write  for  our  Free  Booklet 
“  Calling  a  Spade  a  Spade.”  At  your 
dealers,  or  conveniently  supplied. 

WYOMING  SHOVEL  WORKS 

Wyoming,  Pa. 


^  </-&  noo*  g 


well  seasoned 

ash  handle/ 


ThePETTEBONE 
Patent  Protected 
BackStrap 


Blades  made  oj 
Standard^  rode 
CRUCIBLE  STEEL. 


t*ie  n?an  the  Plow  wants  a  Good  Fertilizer.  For  the 

1  CI  S  Hid  Oj  Land’s  sake  give  him  the  real  Farm  Chemical,  such  as: 


Nitrate  of  Soda 
Sulphate  of  Potash 


Muriate  of  Potash 
Kainit 


Our  40  years  of  experience,  prompt  service,  best  facilities,  are  back  of  every  bag  of  these  Genuine  Materials. 
We  advise  to  buy  now,  prompt  service.  Write  us  for  Prices  TO-DAY.  Any  amount  from  200-lb.  bag  up. 

FARMERS  UNITED  CHEMICAL  CO.,  Box  317,  Reading,  Pa. 


AGENTS  Here  It  Is 


POCKET  SEWING  MACHINE 

uiiMiJL 


That’s  what  ^ .. .  ^ 

Cd  Hopper  calls  It.  Sold  97  In  few  days 

ridicMoualy^Iow^price?  “*  100%  PROFIT 

If  you  want  a  quick  seller,  one  that  gets  the  money  easy, 
send  now  for  confidential  terms  and  FRKE  BOOKLET, 
‘‘Inside  Information  on  the  agency  business. ”  A  few  hours 
a  day  means  many  a  dollar  lu  your  pocket.  Send  a  postal. 
A.  MATHEWS  6265  Wayne  Street,  DAYTON,  OHIO 


WANTED 

An  all-around  man  to  look  after  a  small  country 
place  near  White  Plains,  New  York,  including 
vegetable  gaiden,  care  of  horse  and  cow  and  a 
few  chickens.  Also  to  take  care  of  pump  anil 
furnace  and  keep  the  lawns  in  shape. 

If  married,  can  give  wife  employment  as 
laundress,  if  desired.  No  children  wanted  on 
the  place. 

Position  includes  thoroughly  comfortable  five- 
room  cottage,  and  all  the  vegetables  needed  for 
family  use.  Steady  all-the  year-around  job  for 
the  right  party. 

First-class  references  absolutely  nocessary. 
otherwise  don’t  waste  time  in  making  ap¬ 
plication. 

Apply  ROBERT  FROTHINCHAM, 

Buttnrlc-k  Building,  Spring  and  Macdougal  Sts. 

New  York  City. 


YA^ANTED — Experienced  farmer;  references;  to 
7  7  care  for  and  farm  (ifl  acres;  ceuterof  bungalow 
colony.  Pomona,  155  West  65th  St.,  New  York  City. 


M 


Ef’IIANIC  with  thorough  electrical  experience,  not  afraid  of 
work,  wauls  position  on  big  farm.  H.  C.,  care  K.  N.-Y. 


YXf  ANTED— A  Scientific  Fanner,  able  to  meethis 
”  own  expenses,  can  operate  my  home  farm  and 
manage  other  real  estate  interests  in  the  far  South. 
Address  C.  M.  W.,  care  Rural  New-Yorker. 

WANT!® — For  General  Housework,  an  intelligent  woman 
with  good  knowledge  of  plain  rooking;  family  four  adults; 
one  who  would  like  a  good  home  iu  a  beautiful  locality  near 
New  York.  Address  l*.  F.  II.,  care  of  Rural  New-Yorker. 


W 


ANTED — At  once,  Good  Farm  Help;  state 
wages.  PINE  WOLD,  Burlington,  Vt. 


HICKORY  DALE  FARM 

Berkshires  and  Wyandottes.  Berk  shires  are  from 
prize-winning  stock;  in  pairs  not  related.  Stock  of 
all  ages.  Columbian  Silver  Laced  and  Boston's 
White  Wyandotte  Eggs  from  selected  stock,  $2.06 
for  15;  $8.50  for  80.  My  stock  pleases  the  buyers. 
J.  ALONZO  HLJLS15,  Wading  ltiver,  N.  Y. 

White  Wyandottes-P^^-^te 

range.  Eggs:  $5.00  per  100,  $1.00  for  15. 

0.  H.  FOGG,  R.  F.  I).  No.  3,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

Golden  &  Silver  Laced  Wyandottes  ]5r!:of’ 

Best  egg  strain.  Swart  Mercantile  Co.,  Maroaretviiie,  N.Y, 


B  vl 


FT  WYANDOTTES,  heavy  laying  strain, 
....  vl.2o  and  $2.00  per  set  of  15;  also  Single  Comb 
White  Leghorns  at  $1,00  per  set  of  15.  SUNNY 
HILL  FARM,  Nursery  Ave.,  Woonsocket,  R.  I. 


1!  a  b  y  Chicks, 
EGGS  for  Hatch¬ 
ing.  Write  for 
prices.  Address 


S.C.  RHODE  ISLAND  REDS 

At  The  Horseshoe  Road  Poultry  Farm 

D  f  it  U N  .  At  11(1  t*H  V  V 

WM-  R.  BURKHOLDER,  Box  152,  R.  5,  Lancaster.  Pa. 

REDS  EXCLUSIVELY 

Eggs  from  Handsome  Dark  Matings,  $2.00  for  13; 
$8.00  per  100.  From  Utility  Heavy  Layers,  $1.00  for 
13;  $4.50  per  100. 

O  V  K  K  L  O  O  K  PODt  T  It  Y  FARM 
Tel.  59-4  Foxboro,  Mass: 


S,  C.  White  Leghorn  BABY  CHICKS 

$10  per  100  in  any  Quantity.  Breeders  are  vigorous 
YeHJ'lHjjfsand  2-year-olds.  Circular.  VANCREST 
I  Ol  LI  R\  FARM,  Salt  Point,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y. 

SO  \A/  LEGHORN  EGGS  for  hatching.  Good  laying 
lUilVi  strain.  $1  per  15,  $5  per  1(10.  Also  Baby 
Chicks.  GEO.  LUNDGREIIn,  Wyoming,  Del. 


GEO.  P.  HAMMOND.  KST.  1875.  FRANK  W  GODWIN 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  GO., 

Commission  Merchants  and  Dealers  in  all  kindsof 
COUNTRY  PRODUCE.  Apples,  Peaches!  Ber 
rl®s  Butter,  Eggs,  Cheese,  Poultry.  Mushrooms 
and  Hot  house  Products  a  Specialty.  Consignments 
solicited.  34  «Sc  36  Little  1  2th  St..  New  York- 

Hothouse  Lambs. 

Calves,  Poultry,  Fancy  Eggs,  Hothouse  Products, 
Fruits,  Vegetables.  Top  prices  secured  for  choice 
goods.  Correspondence  solicited. 

Archdeacon  &  Co. ,  100  Murray  St.,  N.Y. 

JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY. 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 

SHIP  YOUR  CONSIGNMENTS 

- TO - 

GEO.  OLIVER  &  COMPANY 

Established  J  850 

COMMISSION  MERCHANT8 
WEST  WASHINGTON  MARKET,  NEW  YORK.  N.  Y. 

PROMPT  RETURNS 

Boston  Produce  Go. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St,,  -  Boston. 

Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  CO.,  Com¬ 
mission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York. 

pi.  10  ASK  semi  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com- 
1  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838  Butter 
Eggs.  Poultry,  Pork.  Calves.  Hay,  Grain  Beans’ 
Apples,  etc.  K.  II.  miOIMV.Utli,  302  Ure.unlch  st„  N.v'. 

PARTNER  WANTED-S^?”S,.„S;™” 

to  wot k  f*um  and  wife  to  help  with  housework. 
Must  have  $3,000  cash,  advertiser  will  also  advance 
$3,000:  the  $0,000  to  buy  and  run  35  acre  fa  rut  near 
N£w  Jersey.  I^and  value  assured, 
CORNELL,  27  Rutgers  Place,  Nutley,  New  Jersey. 

i  WANTFflu:Aee,lts  to  sel'  Farmers’  Account  Book, 
unit  ill)  Indorsed  by  Farmers.  Big  Inducements. 
Act  quick.  Address,  L.  L.  SYPHERS,  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. 

DO  YOU  NEED  FARM  HELP? 

The  Jewish  Agricultural  and  Industrial  Aid 
Society  lias  cn  its  itsts  men  wishing  to  obtain  em¬ 
ployment  upon  farms.  Most  of  them  arc  without 
experience,  but  they  arc  able-bodied  and  willing 
to  work.  They  speak  little  or  noEnglish,  although 
many  of  them  speak  Gorman.  If  you  can  make 
use  of  such  help,  please  communicate  with  us, 
stating  what  you  will  pay.  whether  the  work  is 
permanent,  and  whether  you  prefer  a  single  or  a 
married  man.  We  are  a  philanthropic  organiza¬ 
tion,  whose  object  it  is  to  assist  and  encourage 
Jews  to  become  farmers.  We  charge  no  commis¬ 
sion  to  employer  or  employee.  Address 
THE  J.  A.  S  L  A.  S.,  174  Second  Avenue,  NEW  YORK  CITY 

FOR  SALE==T0  SETTLE  AN  ESTATE 

300  acre  farm  in  town  of  Springfield,  Vt.,  l'-j  miles 
from  R.  R.  station,  at  Bartonsville,  two  story 
stone  house,  5  barns,  sugar  and  apple  orchards, 
plenty  wood  and  lumber.  Price  $*.{,800.  Address 
F.  C.  ADAMS,  Chester  Depot,  Vt. 

p*OR  SALE — A  rare  chance  to  secure  a  most  de¬ 
sirable  Stock  and  (up-to-date)  Poultry  Farm 
completely  equipped,  for  less  than  cost  of  buildings 
and  recent  improvements.  Location  :  Chester 
county,  Penna.;  convenient  to  Philadelphia.  Situa¬ 
tion  ideal.  No  further  expenditure  needed.  For 
full  particulars  address:  JOHN  P.  SAUTTER 
Manager,  Chester  Springs,  Penna. 

$7*1  SUYSHolsteiiiYearlingBull;  sire  754  blood  of 

V  7  World  Champion  Cow  and  brother  to  The  King 
of  the.  Pontiacs ;  a  bargain.  IRA  S,  JARVIS,  Hart- 
wick  Seminary,  N.Y.,  Riverside  Fruit  &  Stock  Farm 

CYPHERS  MODEL  OUTDOOR  COLONY  BROODERS  in 

good  condition  $8.00  each:  cost  $15.00. 

F.  B.  DIETS,  Flemington,  N.  J. 


12 


A6f5 


THE  RURAI-  NE'W -YORKER 


April  1,  1011. 


Most  Wonderful  Offer  Ever  Published 


Great  1911  Price  Wrecking  Sale  of  Brand  New  Staple  Merchandise 


Our  Reliability  is  Unquestioned 

Our  capital  stock  and  surplus  in  excess  of 
$1 ,000,000.00  is  proof  of  our  responsibility .  Any 
publisher  of  any  paper  in  America  will  tell 
you  that  we  ‘make  good”  on  every  state¬ 
ment.  Write  to  the  greatest  bank  of  the  west 
—  The  Commercial  Continental  National 
Bank  of  Chicago— or  to  the  Drovers  Deposit 
National  Bank  of  Chicago,  or  any  of  the  com¬ 
mercial  agencies. 

fl  Positive,  Binding  Guarantee 

^yEvery  article  bought  of  us  is  guaranteed  a 
decided  bargain.  If  any  article  does  not 
please  you  or  fails  to  come  up  to  your  expec¬ 
tations,  then  you  may  return  same  at  our 
freight  expense  both  ways,  and  we  will  re¬ 
fund  your  money  in  full. 


CHICAGO  HOUSE  WRECKING  COMPANY 
Guarantees  a  Saving  of  30  to  50  Per  Cent 

Of  all  our  wonderful  offers  of  the  past,  none  are  greater  than  those  published 
in  this  advertisement.  This  Company  is  known  far  and  wide  as  “The  .World’s 
Bargain  Center.”  Our  success  proves  the  truth  of  the  public’s  decision. 

During  the  past  six  months  we  have  inaugurated  a  buying  campaign  that  has 
placed  us  in  possession  of  the  largest  stock  of  merchandise  ever  gathered  together 
by  any  one  institution.  We  have  searched  the  markets  of  the  world  for  the  best 
bargains  obtainable.  The  proof  of  this  fact  is  seen  in  this  1911  announcement. 

Our  Stock  Includes  Everything  Linder  the  Sun 

It  means,  in  fact,  everything  from  a  needle  to  a  locomotive.  It  makes  no  dif¬ 
ference  what  your  requirements,  we  can  supply  them  at  bargain  prices.  Briefly 
outlined,  we  sell  everything  to  eat,  wear,  furnish,  equip  or  manufacture. 


GEM  STEEL  RANGE 

1-PW521.  Empire  Gem  Steel 
Range,  guaranteed  in  every  way. 
Neat  appearing  and  first-class 
baker.  Price  No.  810  as  illus¬ 
trated,  with  reservoir,  high 
closot.  $1  Q  1  C 

Price  .......... _ ....tp  1  */•  1  O 

Price  without  reservoir  and 
high  closet $12.50 


*  SUPERIOR  GASOLINE 
PUMPING  ENGINE 

1  The  finost  over  for  pumping 
water,  runningcroamsoparator, 
etc.  Complete  with  trimmings. 
Full  instructions  for  installing 
and  operating.  Sold  on  thirty 
days  free  trial,  (foe  f\f\ 

2  H  P.  Price _ «p«50.UU 

4  H.P.  Price $64.00 


LADIES'  ALL-WOOL  SKIRT 

All-wool  Panama  Skirt,  made  the  very 
latest  stylo.  Beautifully  trimmed  with 
silk  soutache  braid  and  satin  covered 
buttons.  Nobby  and  dressy.  Made  to  sell 
at  S7.50.  Your  money  back  if  you  don’t 
like  it.  Colors,  black  or  blue.  Sizes, 
22  to  30  inch  waist,  37  to  44  inch  front. 
Lot  No.  27-W-110.  49  CC 

_ Price  (postage  16  cents) _ 

MODERN  HEATING  PUNTS 

All  kindsof  heating  apparatus.  We 
can  furnish  you  with  a  modern,  up-to- 
date  steam  or  hot  water  system 
choapor  than  any  other  concern.  Com¬ 
plete  plans  and  instructions  go  with 
every  plant.  We  loan  you  tools  free. 

Writofor  Heating  Catalog  and  free  esti¬ 
mate.  Each  plant  backed  by  our  Guar¬ 
antee  Bond.  Wo  save  you  60  per  cent. 

MEN'S  PAT.  BLUCHER  SHOES 

While  they  last,  6000  pairs  of  men’s  Pat¬ 
ent  Colt  Blucher  $3.00  Shoes,  at  a  sav¬ 
ing  to  you  of  $1.65.  We  took  the  entire 
output  of  the  factory.  '1'his  is  a  per¬ 
fect  fitting  shoe.  Sizes 6 toll.  Width 
0,D,E,  andEE.  Price  1  AC 

per  pair _ 

Price  per  dozen  pair _ $21.00 

Writo  for  Catalog  today. 

MAGNIFICENT  SUIT  qr 

LESS  THAN  COST  2l£?‘ 

secured  the  entire  stock  at  al 
ridiculously  low  price.  You  get  tho' 
benefit.  Handsome  black  cheviot  Buit, 
newest  model, tailored  by  experts.  Coat  | 
round  sack  stylo;  vest  popular  single 
breasted.  Notice — wo  send  with  this 
suit  an  extra  pair  of  pants.  Cut  latest 
mode.  Color  is  pray:  guaranteed.  Or¬ 
der  by  T.ot  No.  &5-W-52.  QC; 

Suit  with,  extra  trousers— 

Writ©  for  our  FREE  catalog:* 


LADIES’  PATENT 
COLT  BLUCHERS 

This  is  a  rare  opportunity  to  secure 
high-grade  patent  leather  shoes  at  a 
give-away  price.  They  are  made  the 
latest  city  style.  Dull  mat  top,  per¬ 
forated  toe  caps.  Cuban  heels  and 
extension  sole.  Sizes  2%  to  8 ; 
Width  O.D.E  and  EE  d»  -I  ft/Y 

Price  per  pair . «p  i.vv 

Per  doz $10.80 


DURABLE  ARMY 
KHAKI  SUIT 

This  fabric  is  very  firmly  woven  nar¬ 
row  Wale  diagonal  Khaki  cloth,  the 
same  as  used  so  successfully  by  the 
United  States  Army;  plain  army  tan; 
recognized  everywhere  astlio  mostdur- 
able  shade  known.  Comfortable,  full, 
roomy.  Two  outside  pockets;  semi-peg 
trousers  with  adjustable  bolt;  two  side 
and  two  hip  pockets.  Wo  save  one-half, 
the  regular  price.  A  strong,  durable, 
washable,  inexpensive  suit  that  will 
stand  extremely  hard  usage  and  last  al¬ 
most  forever.  Sizes  34  to  46  chest;  30 
to  42  waist  measure;  30  to  35  inseam. 
Order  by  Eot  No.  d*  1  O  C 

25-W-304.  Price _ «p  l.i?0 


PRINT  LINOLEUMS 

W-59.  A  splendid  grndo  of 
Print  Einoleum  inexact  imi¬ 
tation  of  quarter-sawed  oak; 
6  foet  wide.  *■,  AO. 

Por  square  yard . .1 

W-61.  Patterns  of  extra 
heavy  grade  Print  Linoleum. 
All  colors,  2  to  2X  yds.  wide. 
State  colors  wanted.  Price 
per  square  yard . —42c 


FINE  TOP  BUGGY 

This  fino  leather  quarter  top  Buggy, 
black,  with  Brewster  green  gear, 
%  tires,  narrow  or  40A  QC 
wide  track.  Price-ipO^x.I/O 

Send  for  free  booklet. 


FINE  SINGLE  STRAP 
HARNESS 

fl  Qft  At  this  low 
«pivX.70  prjco  we  wiH 

furnish  light  now  harness. 


USBrot  / 

$1.00  LACE  ^  cqr 
CURTAINS 

3300  pairs  as  shown.  OOincheswide 
and  9  feet  long.  •  Wiiite  or 
Arabian  Shade.  Beautiful  Bonne 
Femme  pattern  with  ruffled  lower 
edge  and  a  throw  at  the  top.  A 
curtain  of  rich  appoarance  and 
long  wearing  quality.  Regular 
retail  price  $1.00.  Our  co 

wrecking  price,  jT _  OOC 

Order  by  Lot  No.  20-K-532  •* 

Sill 

-  HIGH  QUALITY  SMYRNA  RUG  $6.95 


W-45.  A  heavy, •  reversible 
Smyrna  llug.  Handsome  Ori¬ 
ental  pattern.  Red  or  green, 
ground;  border  colors  tan,  blue 
or  red.  Can  bo  used  either  side 
up.  Offered  to  you  at  exactly 
one-half  its  value.  Stato  colors 
wanted  when  order-  4/;  flC 

ing.  Price .  ip'O.iJ'D 

30  x  60  in.  78c  3x6  ft.,  $1.50 

6x9  ft.,  $3.25  9  x  12  ft.,  $0.95 


SPECIAL  SINGLE  BARREL  SHOT  GUN 

6  Thlsgunisstrongand  reliable.  Taper  choke  bored, 
automatio  ejector,  12  or  16  gauge;  reinforced  breech, 
case  hardened  frame;  good  ~ 

quality  fore  end  and  fullpis- 
tol  grip  stock;  rubber  butt 
plate.  Weight  about  65f  lbs. 

16-W-510.  12  gauge,  30  or  r-  „ 

32-inch  single  barrel,  with  ejector,  S3.  <0.  d»0  r7f\ 
16  gauge  singlo  barrel,  with  ejector,  30-in ,  barrel  yO*  i  vP 

$20  AND  WE  PAY  THE  FREIGHT 

N  This  high-grade  Harris 
A  Sowing  Machine,  guar¬ 
anteed  for  20years  for  only 
$20  and  we  pay  the  freight 
[to  all  points  east  of  Den¬ 
ver,  Col.  Besides  you  aro 
allowed  60  days  in  which  to 
try  it  in  your  own  home. 
Notice  the  beauty  of  the  de¬ 
sign;  golden  quarter-sawed 
oak,  hand  polished  ball 
bearings,  drop  front,  auto¬ 
matio  lift.  A  lull  set  of  at¬ 
tachments  with  each  ma¬ 
chine.  The  finest  material 
and  the  host  workmanship  represented.  The  great¬ 
est  bargain  ever  offered.  Send  for  our  Sowing  Ma¬ 
chine  Catalog.  Free  for  the  asking. 

101  PIECE  DINNER  SET  $7.00 


15,000  sets  to  bo  sold  at  this  astonishingly  low  price. 
Doeorntion  beautiful  floral  sprays  of  dainty  pink 
roses  and  green  leaves.  Gold  borders.  Each  piece 
warranted.  We  also  have  42-plece  sets  selling  just 
now  at  $3.00.  v 

PLUMBING  MATERIAL 

Everything  needed  in  plumb¬ 
ing  material.  Our  prices  moan 
a  saving  to  you  or  30  to  50  per 
cent.  Hero  is  an  illustration 
of  a  bathroom  <tO'7  C/Y 
outfit  selling  at  «pO  •  ,JU 
Your  plumber  would  ask  you 
about  $60.00  for  this  same 
outfit.  Our  catalog  describes 
them  in  detail.  Write  us 
today  for  the  catalog. 


Our  Great  “Price  Wrecker” 

~  ' — ✓ 

Under  this  heading  we  publish  a  mammoth 
1100-page  Catalog  of  bargains.  It  describes 
300,000  new  articles  secured  by  us  from  Sher¬ 
iffs  ’,  Receivers’  and  Manufacturers’  Sales. 
Gives  interesting  facts  as  to  our  past  history 
and  makes  you  acquainted  with  the  greatest 
Commercial  Institution  in  Chicago. 

1100  Pages  of  Bargains 

We  send  this  catalog  to  you  without  obliga¬ 
tion  of  any  kind.  It  contains  illustrations  true 
to  life  of  everything  the  manufacturing  world 
produces;  it  gives  plain,  straight  from  the 
shoulder  descriptions  —  shows  in  colors  hand¬ 
some  floor  coverings,  clothing,  etc.  All  you 
need  to  do  is  to  fill  out  the  coupon  below,  or 
merely  drop  us  acard  and  the  book  will  be  for¬ 
warded  to  you  at  once,  all  charges  prepaid. 


$20  ALL-WOOL  v  $10 
SERGE  SUIT  — 

v'  Lined w ith Skinner’ sG uaranteod 
Satin.  The  king  of  suit  values.  An 
all-wool,  silk  lined,  stylish  Blue 
Serge  Suit,  backed  by  our  guaran- 
too  to  either  satisfy  or  we  will  ro- 
tura  your  money.  Three  button, 
round  cut  sack  dress  stylo  well 
tailored;  padded  shoulders;  long, 
shapely  lapels;  single  breasted. 
The  trousers  aro  full  semi-peg,  per¬ 
fect  hanging,  belt  loops  and  adjustable 
side  buckles  and  straps.  All  sizes  from 
34  to  44  chest  me&suro,  30  to  42  waist  and  80 
to  35  inscam.  This  is  an  excollent  example 
of  how  we  save  you  money.  -  _  _ 

$7.20  FOR  THIS  OAK  DRESSER 

hr  An  opportunity  such  as  this  to 
secure  a  high-grade,  handsomo 
dresser  at  our  bargain  price  has 
never  been  equaled.  This  is  a 
splendidly  constructed  piece  of 
furniture.  Colonial,  stylo;  wood 
carvings;  brass  trimmings.  Throo 
roomy  drawers;  good  locks  and 
castors.  French  bovol  plate  mir¬ 
ror  20  inches  high,  16  inches  wide. 

Top  is  double  thickness.  The  up¬ 
per  drawer  has  waved  front. 

The  throe  panel  ends  have  groat 
strength.  Finish  is  a  rich,  golden 
gloss.  Ordor  by  Lot  i  0 T  Of! 

No.  88GW.  Price—  . 

Write  for  Furniture  Catalog. 


A  $12.00  DINING  ROOM 

TABLE  FOR  $7.45 


Colonial  Pedestal  Table.' 
The  illustration  shows  th* 
harmonious  lines  but  the 
tablo  must  be  seen  to  ap¬ 
preciate  the  rich  golden 
finish.  Tt  is  excellently 
made  with  heavy, solid  ped¬ 
estal  and  scroll  legs.  Ex¬ 
tra  leaves  aro  furnished 
froo.  Extension  six  foot. 
Has  42  inch  top.  An  actual 

$12.00yaluo.  Or-  $7.45 


dor  by  Eot  No.  l-K-6643.  Price  only 


AUTOMATIC  BED 

DAVENPORT  $10.90 

Thisneat,  substantial  full  size  AutomatioBod  Dav¬ 
enport  at  a  saving  of  at 
least  half  the  regular  price. 
It  hastho  best  guaranteed 
indestructible  steel  spring 
construction.  Tufted  as 
shown  and  covored  with 
fabricord  leather  over 
soft  filling.  Tho  frame 
is  very  strong  solid  oak 
finished  a  gold 

This  is  one  of  our  greatest  values.  Or¬ 
der  by  Lot  No.  l-K-985.  Price - 


HOI  111  OdK, 

Iden  gloss. 

$(0.90 


Write  for  catalog  today. 


Any  of  These  Price  Wrecking  Catalogs  SENT  FREE 

We  publish  many  special  booklets  giving  specific  information  on  certain  lines  of  merchandise  of  which  a  brief  description  is  shown  below.  If  any  of  these  sub¬ 
jects  are  of  interest,  we  will  send  you  the  books  noted  without  any  obligation  to  you.  If  you  do  not  want  to  fill  in  the  coupon  shown  on  the  left,  just  drop  us  a  line 
and  say  what  catalogs  you  want  and  state  where  you  have  seen  this  advertisement,  then  they  will  be  sent  to  you  at  once,  all  charges  prepaid.  Write  to  us  today. 


Fill  Out  This  Coupon 

Chicago  House  Wrecking  Co.  57 

35th  and  Iron  Sts. 

I  saw  your  ad  in  Rural  N'rw-'N  orker. 

I  am  interested  in _ _ — 


5end  me  free  of  all  charges  your  1100- 
page  catalog. 

Send  the  following  additional  books - 


Name _ _ _ 

Town _ County - 

Slate _ R.F.D _ P.O.Box _ 


LadieslApparel 

This  book  illus- 
tratosand’descr  ibes 
TTJior  Ladies’  and  Cliil- 

■ —  dron’sWearingAp- 

B~ parol,  and  isan  ed- 
.  ftppsKlts'ffwl  ucation  in  itself  of 
‘VaSoi  the  very  latest  and 
correct  styles.  As 
to  qualitythisisan 
essential  that  takes 
Srs’fc  place  In  all  our  dealings.  Quality 
and  low  prices.  We  send  you  this  book 
absolutely  free,  and  you  can  dress  in  the 
-most  up-to-date  manner  at  a  saving  of 
from  30  to  50  por  cent.  Send  today. 


Floor  Covering 

Shows  actual  colors  of  Rugs,  Carpets, 
Linoleum.  Beautiful  assortment  of  lat¬ 
est  designs  and  rich  colorings.  Will 
save  you  money  every  time  you  make  a 
selection.  Sent  you  absolutely  free. 


Wall  Paper  Catalog 

Be  sure  to  send  for  our  sample  book. 
It  shows  the  paper  itself  so  you  will 
know  just  what  you  are  getting.  Beau¬ 
tiful  designs  and  colorings  for  every 
room.  30  to  50  per  cent  saving. 


Our^Clothing  Book 

A  correct  guide  to  the 

groper  styles  for  men  and 
oys.  Tho  illustrations 
are  true  to  life.  Samples 
of  tho  goods  are  shown  so 
you  will  know  just  what 
you  aro  getting,  and  a  per¬ 
fect  fit  is  guaranteed.  Be¬ 
sides  we  save  you  so  much 
money  on  every  deal  that 
you  certainly  should  take 
advantage  of  tho  money¬ 
saving  bargains  this  book  contains. 
Sent  you  absolutely  free  for  the  asking. 
Write  for  it  today. 


Grocery  Price  List 

Shows  how  you  can  economize  in  your 
every  day  wants.  Published  every  60 
days.  Shall  wo  put  your  name  on  our 
mailing  list?  Fresh  groceriesof  excel¬ 
lent  qual  ity  is  the  keynote  of  our  success. 


Sewing  Machines 

Gives  complete  and  valuable  inform¬ 
ation  regarding  Sewing  Machines,  and 
shows  you  how  you  can  obtain  this 
household  necessity  at  a  splendid  sav¬ 
ing.  Be  sure  to  got  this  catalog. 


Boots  and  Shoes 

Ladies’,  Men’s, 
O  li  i  1  d  r  e  n’s  Shoes, 
Boots,  Rubbers,SIip- 
pors,  etc.  A  perfect 
lit,  excellent  quality 
and  a  low  price  is 
guaranteed.  Our 
stock  always  repre¬ 
sents  tho  latest  fash¬ 
ions.  We  givo  you 
the  privilege  of  ex¬ 
amining  the  shoes, 
trying  themon,  and  then  if  they  don’t 
suit,  send  them  back.  Nothing  could 
bo  fairer.  Send  for  catalog  to-day. 


Gasoline  Engines 

Catalog  describes  fully  our  Superior 
Gasoline  Engines— Stationary,  Port- 


- .ngines 

able  and  Marine.  The 


;rado 


- _ _ -  highest  g: 

engines  at  lowest  prices.  A  full  line 
of  belting,  shafting,  hangers,  etc. 


Jewelry  Catalog 

By  taking  advantage  of  the  wonder¬ 
ful  bargains  this  hook  contains  you 
will  find  yourself  able  to  afford  beau¬ 
tiful  pieces  of  jewelry —watches, 
rings,  etc.  Wo  send  this  book  free. 


Harness  and  Vehicles 


Wo  save  you  so 
much  money  on  this 
class  of  goods  that 
you  Bliould  at  once 
get  our  catalog.  It 
makes  no  difference 
what  you  need  in  the 
way  of  harness,  wag¬ 
ons,  carriages,  run¬ 
abouts.  trucks,  etc., 
you  will  find  them 
listed  at  a  very  low 
price.  We  guarantee  satisfaction  or 
money  refunded  in  every  caso.  This 
book  sent  you  absolutely  freo. 


\I 


Dry  Goods  Catalog 

This  book  contains  most  remark¬ 
able  bargains  on  your  every  day 
needs.  It  is  of  incalculable  value 
to  every  home  in  the  land.  Will 
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Sporting  Goods 

This  book  shows  Cameras,  Guns, 
Football  Supplies,  in  fact  everything 
in  tho  Sporting  Goods  line,  and  al¬ 
ways  ut  a  saving  in  price.  Send  for 
this  catalog  at  once.  It  is  free. 


CHICAGO  HOUSE  WRECKING  CO.  35th  and  Iron  Sts *  CHICAGO 


1 


PHOTO  £nKC0. 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4093. 


NEW  YORK,  APRIL  8,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR 


CO-OPERATIVE  MARKETING.  When  the  articles  were  put  on  the  table  another  slip  where  a  grower  had  very  large  orchards  or  acreage 

3  was  punched,  giving  the  number  of  the  grower,  the  of  vegetables  an  association '  superintendent  could  be 

date  packed,  and  the  number  of  packages  of  each  put  in  charge  of  his  packing  house  if  he  preferred  to 
After  studying  the  results,  obtained  in  shipping  grade.  From  these  entries  were  made  in  a  special  have  one  on  his  own  ground.  For  the  greatest  suc- 
through  our  central  association,  the  “Growers’  and  book  in  which  one  line  gave  a  full  accounting  from  cess  of  the  associations,  all  members  should  be  re- 
Shippers’  Exchange,”  by  individual  members  and  other  the  time  the  load  was  taken  in  until  the  credit  was  quired  to  sign  a  contract,  stating  what  was  to  be  de¬ 
associations  besides  our  own,  1  am  convinced  that  given  for  the  net  returns.  All  goods  lost  their 
nothing  could  be  shipped 


hvered,  so  that  the 


as  association  goods  or 
receive  the  association 
guarantee  except  those 
which  have  been  packed 
in  the  association  pack¬ 
ing  house,  or  under  the 
supervision  of  an  associ¬ 
ation  inspector.  Nothing 
will  take  the  place  of  the 
central  packing  house  to 
which  each  member  de¬ 
livers  his  product  as  it 
is  harvested,  there  to  be 
assorted,  and  graded  to 
standards  which  will 
meet  with  the  approval 
of  the  trade ;  then 
stamping  the' '  packages 
with  the  guarantee  of  the 
association  that  the  con¬ 
tents  are  alike  through¬ 
out  and  of  the  •  grade 
marked.  '  •  •  Hold  to  the 
highest  ideal  as  to  grade, 
use  nothing  but  the  best 
clean  packages  of  the 
.  standard  kind,  which  is, 
in  general  use  in  the 
market  to  .  .which  the 
product  is  to  be  shipped, 
then  try  to  get  the  prod¬ 
uct  to  the'  consumer  as 
quickly  as  possible.  Un¬ 
less  such  a  system  is  ad¬ 
hered  to  and  the  pack¬ 
ing  done  .  alike  at  all 
times  the  association  will 
be  unable  to  establish  a 
reputation,  for  their 
marks  will  mean  noth¬ 
ing  to  the  public  who 
buy  their  goods.  A  great 
deal  can  be  accom¬ 
plished  in  a  comparative¬ 
ly  small  packing  house; 

At  the  Ionia  Grow¬ 
ers’  Association  packing 
house  which  is  shown  in 
the  picture,  Fig.  152,  114 
carloads  of  cucumbers 
were  received  from  the 
growers,  sorted  into  four 
grades,  packed,  marked, 
and  loaded  into  cars  at 
an  expense  of  three 
cents  per  basket  of  one 
bushel.  As  the  loads 
came  in  receipts  were 
given,  which  consisted  of  duplex  slips,  one  copy  going 
to  the  office  and  one  to  the  party  delivering  the  load. 
Each  grower  had  a  number,  and  the  numbers  of  all 
the  growers  were  printed  on  the  duplex.  Then  the 
slip  was  punched  showing  the  number  of  the  grower, 
the  name  of  the  article  delivered,  date,  and  number 
of  packages  delivered;  nothing  was  written,  and  both 
being  punched  at  once  there  could  be  no  dispute. 


IONIA  GROWERS’  ASSOCIATION  PACKING  HOUSE.  Fig.  152. 


INTERIOR  OF  A  FARMERS’  CO-OPERATIVE  PACKING  HOUSE.  Fig.  153. 

identity  as  soon  as  packed.  When  the  returns  were 
all  in  for  each, week’s  shipment  each  member  of  the 
association  was  credited  with  the  average  price  of 
each  grade  on  all  sales,  so  it  mattered  not  which  car 
the  grower’s  goods  were  in,  or  to  what  market  they 
were  sent. 

I  see  no  reason  why  such  a  system  cannot  be  used 
in  handling  all  kinds  of  fruit  and  vegetables,  for 


association  officers  could  know 
what  to  provide  for  in 
the  way  of  packages, 
labor,  etc.,  as  well  as  to 
advise  the  parties  to 
whom  they  were  ship¬ 
ping  what  they  could  ex¬ 
pect,  for  unless  this  is 
done  some  of  the  weak- 
kneed  brethren  will  be 
induced  by  some  of  the 
smooth  -  tongued  pirates 
who  are  lurking  around 
seeking  whom  they  may 
devour  to  ship  their 
goods  through  other 
channels,  regardless  of 
the  fact  that  the  asso¬ 
ciation  has  spent  money 
in  procuring  markets  for 
the  same  goods. 

As  to  the  need  of  a 
central  organization, 
there  will  be  no  doubt 
in  the  mind  of  anyone 
who  has  watched  the 
shipments,  as  they  are 
made  promiscuously  from 
the  several  shipping  dis¬ 
tricts,  all  endeavoring  to 
get  their  goods  on  the 
highest-priced  market.  As 
an  illustration,  one  day 
about  the  middle  of 
August,  1910,  cucumbers 
were  worth  $3.50  per 
basket  on  the  Chicago 
market.  In  less  than  one 
week,  owing  to  the  rush 
to  obtain  the  high  prices, 
goods  which  were  ship¬ 
ped  from  eastern  points 
had  so  demoralized  the 
market  that  many  were 
sold  as  low  as  50  cents 
per  basket.  This  could 
have  been  avoided  had 
there  been  central  asso¬ 
ciations,  who  could  have 
known  the  general  trend 
of  shipments.  The  mar¬ 
ket  conditions  could  be 
obtained  much  easier 
through  the  central  or¬ 
ganization  by  wire  each 
day,  and  the  directions 
given  for  shipping,  so  as 
to  give  a  much  wider 
distribution  and  better 
results  obtained. 

In  conclusion  I  wish  to  urge  the  absolute  necessity 
of  loyalty  of  every  member  to  their  association.  Don’t 
be  weak.  Don’t  kick  and  find  fault.  Nothing  will  do 
more  to  promote  the  interests  of  the  members  and 
the  association  alike  than  the  determination  of  all  to 
stand  by  their  association,  and  the  realization  that 
they  are  a  part  of  the  association.  The  members  will 
do  well  to  study  and  work  to  carry  out  the  quotation 


_ 


-468 


THE:  RURAL  NEW -YORKER 


from  Phillips  Brooks,  in  handling  their  organization: 

“0,  do  not  pray  for  easier  lives,  pray  to  be  stronger 
men.  Do  not  pray  for  tasks  equal  to  your  powers, 
piay  for  powers  equal  to  your  tasks.  Then  the  doing 
of  your  work  will  be  no  miracle.”  c.  R.  white. 

A  CIDER  TRAP  FOR  CODLING  MOTH. 
What  Science  Has  to  Say. 

Take  your  left-over  apples  (if  they  are  partly  rotten 
they  will  do)  and  press  the  cider  out  of  them.  Put  the 
cider  in  gallon  crocks  or  milkpans.  about  two  quarts  in 
each  vessel,  and  put  them  around  through  the  orchard 
with  two  narrow  strips  on  the  edge  of  the  vessel,  and 
then  a  square  board  on  top  of  the  strips  wide  enough  to 
cover  the  top  of  the  vessel.  Put  them  in  the  orchard 
about  sundown,  when  the  trees  are  in  full  bloom.  That  is 
the  time  the  Codling  moth  begins  work  in  the  trees.  Visit 
the  vessels  every  morning  and  skim  the  moths  out  of  the 
cider,  and  put  the  boards  down  tight  on  the  vessels  through 
the  day  or  you  will  have  as  many  honey  bees  at  night  as 
you  had  moths  in  the  morning.  Keep  this  up  as  long  as 
you  can  catch  the  moths ;  it  is  best  to  take  stakes  about 
three  feet  long  and  drive  them  in  the  ground  where  you 
want  your  vessels  and  nail  a  board  on  top  of  them  about 
six  inches  square  to  sit  the  vessels  on  to  keep  the  dogs 
or  rabbits  from  knocking  the  covers  off.  The  Codling 
moths  simply  crawl  down  in  the  cider  and  drown  them¬ 
selves.  PERRY  NIXON. 

Kansas. 

In  regard  to  the  cider  trap  for  the  Codling  moth,  I 
would  say  that  many  kinds  of  traps  have  been  recom¬ 
mended  for  this  moth.  Chief  among  these  are  lights 
or  so-called  trap-lanterns.  The  results  of  these  lan¬ 
tern  experiments  seem  to  show  that  the  Codling 
moth  is  either  an  adept  in  avoiding  traps  and  snares, 
or  else  it  does  not  visit  them  at  all.  In  1889  six  trap- 
lanterns  were  run  at  Cornell  University  from  May  1 
until  October  15,  or  five  and  one-half  months.  Nearly 
13,000  insects  were  taken  in  these  lanterns,  but  not 
one  Codling  moth  was  recognized  among  them.  In 
Canada  two  so-called  moth-catchers  were  run  in  a 
garden  containing  apple  trees  and  other  fruit  trees 
for  three  months  and  no  Codling  moths  were  caught. 
The  results  obtained  by  several  other  experiments 
with  moth-catchers  tally  with  the  foregoing. 

Regarding  the  use  of  cider  as  a  trap,  it  is  natural 
for  most  of  us,  in  the  light  of  the  foregoing  experi¬ 
ments,  to  be  rather  sceptical.  Probably  the  writer  of 
the  letter  thought  that  since  the  Codling  moth  lays  its 
egg  on  the  apple  fruit  and  leaves  that  it  would  take 
to  cider.  Unfortunately  for  this  theory,  the  moth  it¬ 
self  eats  almost  nothing,  probably  nothing  in  most 
cases;  and  when  it  does  take  food  it  prefers  sweet¬ 
ened  material,  such  as  syrup  and  nectar  of  flowers. 
It  must  he  remembered  that  there  are  hundreds  of 
small  moths  flying  at  night  that  resemble  Codling 
moths  and  are  apt  to  be  mistaken  for  them.  We  are 
inclined  to  think  that  such  has  been  the  case  with 
the  writer  of  the  letter.  Some  of  the  moths  caught 
should  be  sent  to  an  entomologist  for  examination.  If 
the  moths  can  be  caught  in  so  simple  a  way  and  in 
such  numbers,  fruit  growers  ought  to  know  of  it. 

GI.ENN  W.  HERRICK. 


AN  UNPROFITABLE  COW. 

Two  months  and  more  ago  I  bought  a  little  runt  of  a 
cow,  said  to  be  about  half  or  more  Jersey,  which  1  was 
informed  had  dropped  a  calf  four  or  five  weeks  previ¬ 
ously.  The  cow  was  poor  as  a  crow,  but  it  was  claimed 
that  she  was  giving  12  quarts  of  milk  a  day.  As  a  mat¬ 
ter  of  fact  she  has  given  me  not  over  six  quarts  a  day, 
and  more  often  not  over  four,  and  the  milk  is  of  mighty 
poor  quality  at  that.  Personally,  I  know  no  more  about 
feeding  a  cow  than  I  do  about  Sanskrit,  but  I  have  a 
man  on  the  place  wlio  comes  from  Yoik  State  and  who,  if 
he  was  not  born  in  a  stable,  has  spent  the  biggest  part 
of  bis  life  in  one,  and  claims  to  be  capable  of  getting 
milk  out  of  any  cow  that  makes  it.  He  told  me  what  to 
buy  in  the  way  of  feed  and  I  sailed  in,  getting  anything 
and  everything  he  suggested,  believing  that  after  awhile 
he  would  hit  on  a  combination  that  would  produce  milk, 
but  it  is  all  wasted  money.  If  I  keep  my  health  and  work 
hard  enough  I  can  probably  pay  for  the  cow’s  feed  awhile 
longer,  but  I  really  would  like  a  little  good,  rich  milk  for 
the  expenditure.  Can  you  suggest  anything  to  help?  She 
is  four  years  old,  and  has  had  two  calves.  She  is  putting 
on  flesh  and  looks  like  an  entirely  different  animal  from 
the  one  1  bought,  but  what  does  she  do  with  her  milk? 
I  have  fed  her  Timothy  hay,  which  she  wouldn’t  touch 
(she  used  to  get  cow-pea  hay  at  her  old  home),  clover 
hay,  Alfalfa,  mixed  hay,  bovita,  middlings,  wheat  bran, 
cotton-seed  meal,  beet  pulp  and  one  meal  a  day  of  apple 
and  potato  parings  from  the  kitchen.  Yesterday  I  weighed 
her  feed,  which  is  just  what  she  has  been  getting  for  the 
last  three  weeks.  Here  is  the  schedule  for  the  evening 
meal :  Clover  hay  and  Alfalfa,  mixed  and  run  through 
the  cutting  box,  3%  pounds;  beet  pulp,  two  pounds;  wheat 
bran,  1%  pounds;  cotton-seed  meal,  %  pound.  She  gets 
the  same  for  a  morning  meal  and  has  her  parings  at  noon. 
She  has  no  pasturage,  but  between  meals  she  is  offered 
a  little  hay  which  she  rarely  eats.  She  weighs  perhaps 
600  pounds,  hut  I  wouldn't  want  to  bet  on  her  weighing 
much  over  500.  She  gets  fine  water  to  drink  and  plenty 
of  it.  AYhat  would  you  do  with  her?  Cut  her  throat? 
It  doesn’t  seem  to  me  that  I  am  feeding  her  enough,  but 
this  farm  sharp  of  mine  says  she  is  getting  all  she  needs. 

l’ine  Bluff,  N.  C.  F.  N.  B. 

Your  success  in  the  dairy  business  on  a  small  scale 
corresponds  very  favorably  with  my  chances  for  suc¬ 
cess  if  I  should  start  a  boarding  house  or  some  other 


business  which  I  know  nothing  about.  Contrary  to 
the  ideas  of  many  people  who  have  not  had  practical 
farming  experience,  the  dairy  business,  the  poultry 
business  and  other  lines  of  agricultural  endeavor  have 
been  reduced  to  a  science  which  is  just  as  broad  and 
intricate  in  its  teachings  as  any  other  trade  or  pro¬ 
fession.  Anyone  who  doubts  this  statement  and 
proceeds  to  invest  good  money  in  live  stock  of  any 
kind  without  mature  deliberation  and  a  thorough 
study  of  the  subject,  will  pay  dearly  for  his  experience 
practically  every  time. 

Like  everything  else,  a  mistake  in  the  beginning 
can  seldom  be  overcome.  Your  first  mistake  was  in 
purchasing  a  poor,  undersized  cow.  Any  cow  that  is 
worth  keeping  at  all  is  worth  feeding  properly.  The 
fact  that  she  ^  was  “poor  as  a  crow”  when  you  pur¬ 
chased  her  should  have  given  jrou  the  impression  that 
she  was  not  considered  a  very  valuable  animal  by  her 
former  owner,-  or  he  would  have  supplied  her  with 
the  necessities  of  life  at  least.  A  cow  that  has  been 
kept  so  poor  that  her  vital  energy  has  been  impaired 
will  never  fully  recover.  The  best  advice  I  can  give 
you  is  to  sell  or  beef  the  cow,  as  she  will  never  be 
any  better  than  she  is  now.  The  feed  you  have  been 
giving  her  ought  to  produce  a  satisfactory  flow  of 
milk  when  the  proper  quantity  is  fed  to  a  good  cow. 
While  the  amount  fed  is  only  enough  for  a  good- 
sized  woodchuck  it  compares  favorably  with  the  size 
of  the  cow  and  the  amount  of  milk  she  is  giving.  The 


BAMBOO  AT  CULEBRA,  CANAL  ZONE.  Fig.  154. 


fact  that  she  has  gained  in  flesh  since  coming  into 
your  possession  shows  that  she  has  not  been  under¬ 
fed.  If  you  could  get  a  good  fresh  cow  to  start  with 
your  chances  for  the  successful  production  of  a  sup¬ 
ply  of  milk  would  be  greatly  improved.  c.  S.  g. 

THE  CULL  IN  THE  PACKAGE. 

Every  year  our  people  come  complaining  about  the 
quality  of  the  apple  they  find  in  the  package.  This 
year  there  have  been  even  more  than  usual,  and  this 
has  come  to  a  climax  in  the  following  letter: 

In  reading  the  account  of  the  New  York  Fruit  Growers’ 
meeting  at  Rochester,  I  noticed  that  a  woman  took  up  the 
cudgels  for  Wayne  County  fruit,  denying  the  cull  in  the 
package  as  it  were.  Being  in  want  of  a  good  barrel  of 
Baldwins,  this  prompted  me  to  buy  a  barrel  from  that 
county  accordingly.  I  searched  through  the  commission 
district  until  I  found  some  from  there.  The  commission 
man  assured  me  they  were  packed  honestly,  saying  he  had 
sold  hundreds  of  barrels  for  the  man,  without  complaint. 
As  they  looked  good  on  top  I  bought  a  barrel.  Between 
the  two  ends  were  about  half  a  bushel  of  such  apples  as  I 
am  sending  you,  of  which  they  are  a  fair  sample,  lots  of 
them  being  smaller,  greener  and  more  bruised.  If  they  are 
not  culls,  to  what  grade  do  they  belong?  c.  e.  w. 

On  looking  the  matter  up  we  find  that  Mrs.  Flor¬ 
ence  Cornwall  made  one  of  the  best  speeches  at  the 
New  York  State  Fruit  Growers’  meeting  at  Roches¬ 
ter.  She  took  up  this  subject  of  the  cull  in  the  pack¬ 
age,  and  in  describing  the  way  business  is  done,  made 
the  following  statement: 

In  Wayne  County  95  per  cent  of  the  apples  are  bought 
by  dealers,  operators,  speculators.  He  buys  them  orchard 
run.  He  does  much  of  the  packing  and  oversees  the  rest 
himself.  Ho  labels  the  fruit.  It  is  just  like  this  :  Last 
year  a  dealer  offered  us  80  cents  a  bushel  orchard  run. 


April  8, 

When  we  said  .$3  a  baarel  he  laughed  and  went  away. 
But  he  bought  our  neighbors’  apples,  took  them  to  stor¬ 
age.  During  the  Winter  he  repacked  them  with  the  co¬ 
operation  of  a  New  York  commission  man,  packed  them 
so  loosely  that  he  made  about  20  extra  barrels  out  of  his 
8,000  barrels,  put  in  two  bushels  of  fairly  good  ‘apples, 
one  bushel  on  the  bottom,  one  bushel  on  top,  filled  in  the 
middle  with  cider  apples.  Some  of  these  which  we  brought 
home  as  a  curiosity  were  the  size  of  cherries.  He  said : 
“In  New  York  City  they  only  pay  for  two  bushels  of  good 
apples.  What  is  the  use  of  putting  in  three?’’ 

He  shipped  his  first  carload  to  his  friend  in  New  York 
City,  got  $3.75  a  barrel,  while  we  and  others  who  packed 
their  own  fruit  and  packed  it  fair  and  honest  got  $5.50. 
His  second  car  dropped  50  cents  a  barrel,  the  third  25  cents 
more,  in  spite  of  the  efforts  of  his  friend  to  keep  up  the 
price.  In  the  end  he  lost  a  great  deal  of  money.  He  also 
lost  incidentally  or  did  his  best  to  lose  the  reputation  of 
the  western  New  York  State  apple.  It  went  into  the  middle 
of  the  barrel  with  the  culls. 

The  probability  is  that  our  correspondents  got  hold 
of  just  that  kind  of  a  barrel,  and  it  needs  no  argu¬ 
ment  to  show  the  damage  that  is  done  by  such  a  per¬ 
formance.  Every  honest  packer  in  Wayne  County  is 
hurt  when  such  stuff  comes  out  of  the  barrel.  We 
took  fair  samples  of  the  apples  that  were  sent  us  by 
this  correspondent  and  had  them  photographed,  show¬ 
ing  the  exact  size  and  appearance.  The  pictures  are 
at  big.  157,  where  all  may  see  them.  This  inn  i  says 
he  paid  $4.50  for  the  barrel  of  apples,  and  it  must 
have  been  a  great  satisfaction  to  him  when  he  picked 
out  these  specimens  in  the  center  of  the  package. 
There  is  no  joke  whatever  about  this  matter.  It  is 
one  of  the  most  serious  problems  which  confronts  the 
Eastern  fruit  grower  to-day.  With  the  millions  of 
apple  trees  that  are  being  planted  in  other  sections 
where  the  growers  will  learn  to  pick  and  pack  care¬ 
fully  and  honestly,  such  apples  on  the  inside  of  a 
package  bearing  the  name  of  New  York  State  are  a 
worse  enemy  to  the  fruit  industry  than  the  San  Jose 
scale.  They  are  more  dangerous,  because  we  can  put 
lime  and  sulphur  on  the  scale,  while  unhappily  we 
are  forbidden  by  law  to  duck  the  “stove-pipers”  and 
ihe  cull  men  in  a  strong  solution  of  this  mixture. 


DO  APPLE  ORCHARDS  PAY? 

Having  had  65  years’  experience  in  the  business, 
and  having  observed  the  experience  of  others,  I  will 
make  figures  which  others  can  consider,  taking  10 
acres  as  the  basis. 


10  acres  land,  $75  per  acre .  $750.00 

Trees,  500,  50  cents  each .  250.00 

Flowing  .  50.00 

Harrowing .  25.00 

Phosphate  .  50.00 

Setting  trees  .  50.00 


First  year  . $1,175.00 

Brought  over  first  year . $1,175.00 

Second  year,  50  trees.  50  cents  each .  25.00 

Flowing  and  harrowing  .  45.00 

Phosphate  .  40.00 

Setting  trees  .  5.00 

Interest  .  77.40 

End  of  second  year . $1,367.40 

Third  year,  10  trees  set  out .  $6.00 

Harrowing  . 20.00 

Trimming  .  5.00 

Phosphate  .  40.00 

Interest  .  86.38 


$1,524.78 

Fourth  year,  plowing  and  harrowing .  $40.00 

Trimming  .  5.00 

Phosphate  .  40.00 

Interest  .  96.58 

$1,706.36 

Fourth  year  brought  forward . $1,706.36 

Fifth  year,  expenses .  80.00 

Interest  .  107.78 

$1,894.14 

Sixth  year,  expenses  and  interest .  $198.44 

$2,092.58 

Seventh  year,  expense  and  interest . $2,302.93 

Eighth  year,  expense  and  interest .  2,544.00 

Ninth  year,  expense  and  interest .  2,802.64 

Tenth  year,  expense  and  interest .  3,080.59 


This  orchard  is  10  years  old  and  has  cost  $3,080. 
Two  or  three  years  more  are  to  be  added  to  the  ex¬ 
pense  before  anything  can  be  received  from  the  or¬ 
chard.  I  have  known  orchards  of  this  age  that  would 
not  sell  for  $1,540.  My  advice  is  not  to  invest  in 
apple  orchards  unless  you  want  to  set  up  a  monument 
to  your  memory,  to  be  appreciated  by  the  next  gen¬ 
eration.  If  held  by  your  children  no  doubt  they  would 
profit  by  your  labor;  if  sold,  the  buyer  would  get  the 
benefit.  Seeing  by  The  R.  N.-Y.  that  many  people 
have  lax  ideas  of  apple  growing,  I  would  like  to  have 
^me  facts  by  men  of  experience.  The  public  wants 
actual  figures.  c.  e.  b. 

Lowell,  Mass. 

R.  N.-Y. — Let  us  have  facts  by  all  means.  Why 
does  C.  E.  B.  pay  50  cents  each  for  apple  trees?  He 
can  buy  at  20  cents  or  less.  Why  does  he  use  one  dol¬ 
lar’s  worth  of  fertilizer  on  each  tree  the  year  it  is 
set  out?  Why  does  he  not  grow  some  crop  be¬ 
tween  the  trees  while  they  are  coming  on  ?  This 
might  not  be  practical  in  a  large  orchard,  but  on 
10  acres  it  could  easily  be  done.  The  idea  of  spend¬ 
ing  $45  for  plowing  and  harrowing  without  growing 
any  crop  among  the  trees  does  not  fit  in  with  the 
practice  of  modern  growers.  We  met  a  successful 
peach  grower  last  week  who  told  how  he  developed 
a  new  orchard.  The  old  trees  were  dug  out  and  the 
field  seeded  to  clover.  The  first  crop  of  clover  was 
cut  for  hay.  Then  six  foot  wide  strips  were  plowed 
and  the  new  trees  planted  in  these  strips  and  well 
cultivated.  The  middles  were  left  in  clover,  well 
cultivated  and  cut  for  hay.  As  the  trees  grew  the 
plowed  strips  were  made  wider  and  wider.  As  a 
lesult  of  this  the  trees  made  a  fine  growth  and  the 
clover  nearly  paid  all  cost  of  working. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


■469 


MAKING  BALDWIN  TREES  BEAR  YEARLY, 
Training  Up  a  Young  Orchard. 

1.  I  have  a  youug  orchard,  about  60  trees,  which  only 
bear  every  other  year.  Can  anything  be  done  to  make  it 
bear  every  year?  It  is  in  sod.  I  pasture  it  with  calves 
and  pigs.  Would  it  be  better  to  plow  and  cultivate  it? 
It  has  not  been  trimmed  lately.  Would  you  trim  it  in 
Winter  or  wait  till  Spring?  2.  I  have  12  trees  in  a  row 
along  the  highway.  They  blossom  every  Spring,  but  do 
not  bear  any  fruit.  They  are  Greenings,  one  Hen  Davis. 
What  would  you  do  to  make  them  bear?  u.  a.  c. 

Bomus  Point,  N.  Y. 

1.  Some  varieties  of  apples  are  known  as  annual 
croppers,  and  others,  like  the  Baldwin  especially,  are 
known  as  having  the  habit  of  bearing  every  other 
year.  There  have  been  many  explanations  of  the 
reason  for  this  difference  in  varieties,  and  I  have  al¬ 
ways  been  much  interested  in  tales  of  orchards  that 
produced  paying  crops  annually,  and  have  also  studied 
those  varieties  that  are  known  as  annual  producers.  I 
have  come  to  the  conclusion  that  this  is  largely  a 
question  of  the  assimilation  and  elaboration  of  plant 
food  by  the  tree.  The  soil  solution  of  plant  food 
taken  up  by  the  roots  is  transferred  in  the  sap  through 
roots,  trunk,  branches  and  twigs  to  the  leaves,  where 
under  the  influence  of  the  sunlight  and  of  the  green 
chlorophyll  cells  of  the  leaves  it  combines  with  certain 
elements  taken  from  the  air,  and  a  refined  plant  food 
is  formed  from  which  the  different  parts  of  the  tree, 
such  as  wood  growth,  buds  and  fruit  are  formed  and 
enough  surplus  stored  up  for  the  beginning  of  growth 
the  following  Spring.  Now  take  the  Baldwin  apple, 
for  instance,  to  illustrate  this  point.  It  has  a  reputa¬ 
tion  as  semi-annual  cropper,  producing  usually  every 
other  year,  and  that  year  produces  heavy  crops,  often 
taxing  the  vitality  of  the  tree  severely  to  carry  the 
large  crop  through  to  maturity.  Tlie  Baldwin  ranks 
among  the  weakest  as  to  foliage,  and  one  of  several 
things  happens  with  a  heavy  crop  of  fruit ;  for  ex¬ 
ample,  insufficient  moisture  in  soil  to  carry  enough 
plant  food  to  the  leaves  to  be  elaborated  in  the  leaves 
and  mature  the  crop,  and  at  the  same  time  store  up 
enough  in  excess  to  change  prospective  leaf  buds  on 
fruit  spurs  to  flower  buds,  or  if  so 
changed  not  sufficient  supply  to  vitalize 
them  as  it  were,  and  make  them  strong 
enough  to  set  a  crop  of  fruit  under 
unfavorable  conditions  and  produce  a 
crop  of  fruit.  We  have  all  seen  the 
small  undersized  fruit  bud  and  the  ob¬ 
servant  grower  knows  that  as  a  rule  it 
blossoms  and  seldom  sets  fruit  except 
under  most  favorable  conditions. 

Again,  there  might  be  plenty  of  soil 
moisture  and  a  surplus  of  plant  food  in 
the  soil,  but  because  of  severe  insect  or 
fungous  injury  the  foliage  might  be  so 
weakened  that  plant  food  could  not  be 
elaborated  in  sufficient  quantity  to  sup¬ 
ply  the  growing  crop  of  fruit,  and  also  develop  fruit¬ 
ing  buds  for  next  year.  I  have  seen  Baldwin  or¬ 
chards  that  have  been  yielding  paying  crops  each 
year  for  past  several  years,  and  And  these  growers 
either  till  thoroughly  to  conserve  moisture,  or  there 
is  an  unusual  supply  of  water  in  the  soil,  but  not 


Under  above  treatment  I  should  expect  a  slight  in¬ 
creased  wood  growth  over  similar  bearing  years — a 
larger  and  more  vigorous  leaf  of  remarkable  vitality, 
hanging  upon  trees  until  early  Winter,  and  a  moder¬ 
ate  production  of  vigorous  fruit  buds  which  if  care¬ 
fully  looked  after  the  following  year  will  produce  a 
food  crop  of  fruit.  A  severe  frost  at  blossom  time, 
completely  killing  all  blossom  buds  or  setting  fruit, 
has  often  changed  the  bearing  year  of  Baldwin  or- 


spraying  with  dilute  lime-sulpluir  or  Bordeaux  just 
before  blossoms  opened,  followed  by  another  spraying 
with  the  same  directly  after  blossoming.  b.  d.  v.  b. 


A  HOLSTEIN  FRIESIAN  COW. 

See  page  431. 


Fig.  155. 


chards.  A  case  recently  cited  to  me  was  where  the 
owner  of  a  large  Baldwin  orchard  found  it  badly  in¬ 
fested  with  canker  worms.  He  sprayed  all  but  two 
rows  with  an  insecticide  not  strong  enough  to  kill 
the  caterpillars,  and  they  defoliated  the  trees.  The 
two  rows  he  sprayed  with  much  stronger  material, 
completely  destroying  the  canker  worms  and  saving 
the  foliage.  The  following  year  was  the  bearing  year 
of  this  orchard,  but  only  the  two  rows  upon  which 


A  STEAM  ENGINE  AT  ROAD  WORK.  .  Fig.  156, 

the  insects  were  exterminated  produced  a  crop  of 
apples.  The  bearing  year  of  the  rest  of  the  orchard 
was  apparently  permanently  changed,  as  this  happened 
10  years  ago,  and  the  two  rows  above  mentioned  are 
yet  bearing  the  year  the  rest  of  the  orchard  has  no 
crop.  Thorough  thinning  of  excessively  large  crops 


enough  to  be  injurious.  They  all  uniformly  spray,  will  also  often  develop  fruit  buds,  where  if  the  entire 
using  most  up-to-date  methods,  and  the  trees  hold  a  crop  had  been  left  on  the  tree  it  would  have  so 
large  luxuriant  foliage  free  from  fungous  and  insect  taxed  the  trees’  vitality  that  no  fruit  would  be  pro¬ 
injury  until  late 
in  Fall.  The 
KieiTer  un¬ 
doubtedly  owes 
its  vigor  and 
annual  cropping 
habit  in  a  large 
measure  to  its 
large,  vigorous, 
leathery  leaf, 
almost  immune 
to  fungous  at¬ 
tack.  What 
t  r  e  a  t  m  ent  to 
recommend  for 
this  orchard 
that  is  only 
bearing  bi¬ 
ennially  i  s  a 
difficult  question 
and  only  some 
suggestions  can 

be  made.  The  year  the  orchard  is  to  bear,  prune  at 
least  moderately,  plow  as  soon  as  possible  in  Spring 
very  shallow,  not  over  four  inches,  so  as  to  avoid 
root  injury.  Cultivate  thoroughly  up  to  latter  part  of 
July  to  conserve  moisture.  I  would  then  sow  some 
cover  crop  to  protect  soil  and  roots — preferably  one 
that  would  make  quite  a  top  growth  before  Winter 
set  in  unless  certain  of  enough  snow  to  protect  roots. 

Give  thorough  spraying  to  control  scale  insects,  leaf¬ 
eating  insects  and  fungous  troubles  that  injure  leaves. 


THE  CULL  IN  THE  PACKAGE.  Fig.  157. 

dticed  the  following  year.  Early  apples  a.re  more 
likely  to  be  annual  bearers,  other  things  being  equal, 
because  they  mature  early  enough  so  that  the  tree  lias 
a  chance  to  store  up  surplus  food  after  the  crop  has 
been  removed. 

2.  Possibly  the  reason  these  12  trees  have  not  set 
fruit  is  because  the  blossom  buds  have  been  attacked 
by  apple  scab  just  before  blossoms  opened,  or  the 
voting  apples  attacked  just  after  blossom  petals 
dropped.  I  would  recommend  a  trial  of  thorough 


BAMBOO  AT  CULEBRA, 

Fig.  154  reproduces  the  photograph  of  a  common 
Bengalese  bamboo  from  Sibpur,  Calcutta,  taken  at 
Culebra,  Canal  Zone,  December,  1910.  Plants  planted 
May,  1908 ;  one  of  the  most  useful  plants  of  Bengal, 
the  fiber  of  which  is  largely  used  for  mats,  baskets, 
fans  and  window-blinds.  In  America  the  best  split 
bamboos  are  made  from  the  wood  of  this  species. 
The  young  shoots  when  tender  are  used  as  food,  and 
the  wood  is  used  for  roofing,  scaffolding  and  baskets. 
Some  forms  because  of  their  numerous  thorns  forn\ 
excellent  hedges.  As  the  walls  of  the  Culms  are  very 
thick  this  species  has  been  suggested  as  a  source  of 
supply  for  bamboo  woven  lathing,  basket  material, 
etc.  Grows  very  rapidly,  the  specimen  in  the  photo¬ 
graph  having  attained  a  height  of  about  45  feet  in 
three  seasons  of  growth.  The  species  is  supposed  to 
stand  some  frost,  is  quite  drought-resistant,  and 
recommends  itself  as  an  ornamental.  The  picture 
and  information  is  supplied  by  the  Plant  Introduction 
Bureau  of  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture.  A 
correspondent  of  the  Bureau,  Mr.  F.  R.  Ramsdell,  of 
the  Isle  of  Pines,  Cuba,  writes  that  he  is  using  bam¬ 
boos  as  wind-breaks.  The  growth  of  the  bamboo  fig¬ 
ured,  45  feet  in  three  growing  seasons,  is  not  at  all 
excessive.  Baron  Von  Mueller  records  the  growth  of 
this  same  variety  at  the  rate  of  20  to  70  feet  in  a 
month,  and  Robert  Fortune,  the  great  collector  of 
Chinese  and  Japanese  plants,  noticed  the  growth  of 
several  Chinese  bamboos  to  be  two  to  2 feet  in  a  day. 

WORK  OF  A  STEAM  TRACTION  ENGINE. 

I  enclose  picture,  Fig.  156,  of  traction  engine  and 
train  used  for  hauling  road  material  at  Apulia,  N.  Y. 
It  may  interest  some  of  your  readers  to  know  some 
of  the  details  of  this  kind  of  outfit.  The  engine  shown 
in  picture  was  selected  after  careful  study  of  the  diff¬ 
erent  styles,  as  the  most  suitable  for  a  general  purpose 
engine,  and  is,  it  is  safe  to  say,  equal  to 
any  of  the  same  size  and  rating.  While 
rated  at  15  horse-power,  it  will  develop 
45  brake  horse-power,  and  weighs  seven 
tons.  The  load  of  stone  and  weight  of 
wagons  amounted  to  between  23  and  25 
tons.  The  trip  averaged  eight  miles  and 
return  daily  over  macadam  road.  This 
work  lasted  65  days,  and  the  road  was 
apparently  improved  by  the  train  passing 
over  it.  This  engine  is  also  used  for 
thrashing,  running  silage  cutter,  corn 
shredder,  saws  and  stone  crusher,  and  is 
far  superior  to  horses  for  hauling  road 
machines.  It  would  seem  the  time  is 
near  at  hand  when  a  large  amount  of 
freight  and  produce  will  be  moved  by  road  tractors. 
The  kerosene  and  gasoline  tractors  are  being  used  to 
great  advantage  in  the  West  for  all  hauling  purposes. 
Auto  trucks  for  hauling  and  power  purposes  are  being 
put  on  the  market  now,  and  indications  are  for  a  rapid 
development  along  this  line.  The  large  gas  tractors 
used  so  successfully  in  the  West  are  as  a  rule  too 
large  and  heavy  for  the  narrow  stony  roads  and  the 
weak  bridges  of  our  Empire  State.  Where  there  are 

small  gasoline 
tractions  on  the 
m  a  r  k  e  t,  they 
seem  as  yet  to 
be  in  the  experi¬ 
mental  stage. 
The  sooner  we 
get  good  roads 
and  move  our 
freight,  produce 
and  everything 
else  by  motor 
vehicles,  the 
better  it  will  be 
for  everyone. 

R.  C.  H. 

New  York. 

R.  N.  -  Y.— 
The  gradual 
change  in  city 
trucking  caused 
by  the  use  of 

motor  vehicles  is  very  instructive,  and  we  hope  to 
see  their  use  extended  in  the  country.  We  can  see 
great  possibilities  in  their  use  by  cooperative  asso¬ 
ciations.  Tf  the  growers  in  an  association  within  50 
miles  of  a  city  could  ship  fruit,  truck,  eggs  and  other 
perishable  products  direct  by  their  own  motor  trucks, 
the  consumer  would  be  in  closer  touch  with  the  pro¬ 
ducer,  and  express  delays  would  be  at  on  end.  A 
personally  conducted  express  has  some  advantages,  as 
florists  near  New  York  have  discovered. 


400 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[  If  very  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the  name 
and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure  attention.  Be¬ 
fore  asking  a  question,  please  see  whether  it  is  not 
answered  in  our  advertising  columns.  Ask  only 
a  few  questions  at  one  time.  Put  questions  on  a 
lepr.rato  piece  of  paper.] 


THE  GAMBLE  OF  UNCLAIMED  PACKAGES. 

In  considering  the  exorbitant  charges 
made  by  the  express  companies,  attention 
might  well  he  called  to  the  fact  that  they 
incur  practically  no  losses  in  their  busi¬ 
ness.  The  expense  account  is,  doubtless, 
enormous,  but  the  actual  loss  sustained 
by  them  in  the  transportation  of  goods 
is  almost  nil.  They  have  a  very  effective 
way  of  recouping  themselves  for  any  lia¬ 
bilities  in  that  direction,  which,  so  far  as 
I  know,  is  not  permitted  to  any  other 
business  company  on  earth.  Passing 
along  a  business  street  in  Boston  a  few 
years  ago,  1  noticed  a  stream  of  people 
pouring  into  the  basement  of  a  building 
which  displayed  the  auctioneer’s  red  flag- 
The  place  was  filled  in  no  time,  and,  get¬ 
ting  into  the  throng,  I  found  everybody 
eager  and  excited  over  the  sale  of  a  lot 
of  unclaimed  goods  left  over  with  the 
Adams  Express  Company.  Talk  about 
auctions ;  that  was  the  liveliest  one  I 
ever  witnessed.  There  was  no  need  of 
wit  or  persuasion  on  the  part  of  the  auc¬ 
tioneer,  for  the  people  just  tumbled  over 
each  other  to  shove  up  their  money  in 
the  vain  expectation  of  getting  some¬ 
thing  for  nothing.  The  gambling  in¬ 
stinct,  always  rife,  was  being  seductively 
appealed  to,  and  the  bundles,  packages, 
boxes  and  trunks  went  off  with  a  rush. 
And  in  nearly  every  case  good  money 
was  freely  exchanged  for  utter  rubbish. 
1  watched  the  game  for  an  hour  and  in 
all  that  time  I  did  not  see  a  single  article 
sold  that  was  worth  one-half  the  price 
paid  for  it.  In  nine  cases  out  of  10  the 
object  obtained  was  entirely  worthless, 
and  was  dropped  in  disgust  upon  the 
floor,  and  very  likely  the  purchaser  bid 
on  the  next  article  up.  I  noticed  one 
woman  who  must  have  spent  $20  at 
least,  and  not  one  thing  did  she  get  that 
she  considered  worth  taking  home  with 
her.  The  floor  was  littered  all  over  with 
all  sorts  of  things,  so  useless  that  one 
wondered  that  they  should  ever  have 
been  sent  by  express,  much  less  that  one 
would  pay  to  receive  them.  But  here 
was  a  great  express  company,  selling  this 
worthless  trash,  at  a  large  price,  in  order 
to  cover  cost  of  carriage  and  storage, 
and  using  the  gambling  device  of  “un¬ 
sight  and  unseen”  in  order  to  get  “other 
people’s  money.”  The  State  of  Massa¬ 
chusetts  gives  the  express  companies  the 
right  to  sell  unclaimed  goods  and  is  sup¬ 
posed  to  receive  the  proceeds  after  the 
costs  of  carriage  and  storage  are  deduct¬ 
ed,  and  so  in  a  legal  sense  it  is  not  gam¬ 
bling.  But  it  takes  advantage  of  the 
gambling  instinct  in  human  nature,  and 
depends  upon  it  for  saving  the  company 
from  loss.  If  it  sold  these  goods  openly 
and  uncovered,  it  would,  instead  of  be¬ 
ing  richly  paid  for  transportation  and 
storage  (and  it  undoubtedly  makes  its 
own  price)  lose  nearly  the  whole  amount. 
The  fact  that  these  goods  were  un¬ 
claimed  would  naturally  lead  to  the  be¬ 
lief  that  they  had  no  value,  but  the  glit¬ 
tering  hope  that  some  one  has  died  and 
left  some  rare  treasure  unsought  for,  or 
that  memory  has  slipped  a  cog,  serves  to 
inflame  the  chance  spirit,  and  that  is  good 
enough  for  the  express  companies. 

After  witnessing  this  spectacle  I  drew 
up  a  bill  and  had  it  introduced  into  the 
Mouse,  the  substance  of  which  was,  that 
no  company  should  be  allowed  to  sell 
such  goods  except  when  exposed  so  as 
to  be  clearly  seen.  In  due  time  the  bill 
was  given  a  hearing,  and,  although  the 
usual  notice  had  been  /iven,  no  one  ap¬ 
peared  but  myself  in  its  behalf.  T  showed 
the  committee  some  samples  of  the  things 
sold  at  that  auction ;  a  roll  of  old  hand¬ 
bills,  one  lone,  unmated  shoe;  unlabeled 
bottles  of  medicine,  unsigned  photo¬ 


THK  KUKAl,  NEW-YORKER 


April  8, 


graphs,  a  wooden  model  of  a  part  of 
some  machine,  some  dried-up  bottles  of 
ink,  a  stove  shaker  and  a  Shaker  bonnet 
frame,  and  an  assortment  of  other  equal¬ 
ly  as  valueless  rubbish.  1  told  the  com¬ 
mittee  of  the  sale  of  an  old  trunk  for 
five  dollars  which  contained  a  dirty  and 
ragged  theatrical  suit,  and  of  another 
that  held  merely  some  antiquated  wire 
hat  frames.  1  said  that  many 
packages  had  been  broken  by  handling, 
and  that  the  company  had  the  oppor¬ 
tunity  to  learn  their  worthlessness,  as 
these  packages  had  been  carefully  re¬ 
wrapped  by  its  employees.  I  said  that 
no  other  business  was  permitted,  by  such 
means,  to  make  up  its  losses,  and  that  if 
legally  right  it  was  morally  wrong.  The 
committee  was  evidently  in  favor  of  the 
bill,  but  on  account  of  the  lack  of  public 
interest  in  it,  gave  me  leave  to  with¬ 
draw.  But  the  defeat  did  not  convince 
me  that  it  was  not  a  shameless  thing  for 
a  great  corporation  to  take  such  advan¬ 
tage  of  the  weakness  and  foil}'  of  men 
to  save  itself  from  business  losses,  or 
that  a  great  State  should  permit  it  to 
employ  such  a  contemptible  device  for 
the  furtherance  of  its  own  ends  was  not 
a  stigma  upon  its  good  name. 

EDGAR  W.  PREBLE. 

_ 

Grafting  Persimmons. 

N.  J.  P.,  Woodbridge,  Conn. — I  have  a 
number  of  seedling  persimmon  trees.  Some 
of  them  arc  12  feet  high;  they  never  bear, 
and  1  want  to  graft  them  to  some  variety 
that  is  hardy  enough  to  stand  our  Winters 
and  hear  me  good  fruit.  Will  you  tell  me 
where  to  get  the  grafts  I  want,  and  the 
best  way  and  time  to  set  them? 

Ans. — Although  persimmon  trees  are 
exceedingly  difficult  to  graft  success¬ 
fully,  it  can  be  done.  The  climate  of 
Connccticult  is  not  too  severe  for  the 
trees,  but  the  season  of  growth  is  quite 
short  for  the  development  and  ripening 
of  the  fruit.  Only  the  very  earliest 
varieties  can  be  expected  to  mature 
there.  The  one  called  Early  Golden, 
which  I  have  grown  and  often  eaten, 
is  the  best  one  that  I  know.  It  is  grown 
by  E.  A.  Riehl,  of  North  Alton,  Ill. 
The  scions  should  be  'secured  before 
there  is  any  action  of  the  sap  whatever 
and  stored  in  a  very  cool  place,  in  damp 
but  not  wet  moss.  They  must  be  kept 
in  this  condition  until  the  trees  have 
started  into  growth  and  then  the  graft¬ 
ing  should  be  done  at  once  and  with 
extreme  care.  H.  e.  van  deman. 

Knotty  Fruit  on  Pears. 

hj.  ]).  H.,  Pinion,  Mich. — I  have  250  pear 
trees  six  years  old  in  orchard.  They  bear 
every  year,  but  the  fruit  is  mostly  knotty 
and  gnarly.  Is  there  anything  1  can  do 
for  the  trees  to  prevent  this?  The  trees  are 
thrifty,  no  blight;  varieties  Bartlett,  stand¬ 
ard,  and  Louise  Bonne,  dwarf. 

Ans. — It  is  probable  that  fungus  dis¬ 
eases  and  insects  are  the  cause  of  the 
knotty  and  otherwise  undesirable  pears. 
They  will  no  doubt  be  greatly  benefited 
by  spraying  with  lime-sulphur  and  ar-  , 
senate  of  lead.  There  are  ample  in¬ 
structions  for  doing  this  in  the  publica¬ 
tions  issued  by  the  Government  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture  and  the  various 
State  experiment  stations,  and  they  may 
be  had  for  the  asking.  There  are  also 
the  same  directions  appearing  in  the 
rural  press  very  often.  Anyone  and 
everyone  who  grows  fruit  should  be  well 
informed  on  this  subject  and  it  is  his 
own  fault  if  he  is  not.  Send  at  once  for 
the  booklets  giving  the  directions  needed. 
The  director  of  the  Experiment  Station 
at  College  Point  is  the  proper  person 
for  a  citizen  of  Maryland  to  ask  for 
them.  H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


Policeman  (to  clubman  returning 
home  late)  :  “Here,  you  can’t  open  the 
door  with  that;  it’s  your  cigar.”  Club¬ 
man  :  “Great  Scott !  Then  I  have 
smoked  my  latchkey  !” — Le  Rire. 


% 


f  V?  ~»f  of  Slate  Never 
Lightning 

....  .  „  Hie  Arc  loss c 

endangerments  of  life,  stock  and  property 
that  a  roof  of  slate  on  your  home,  barn  or 
out-buildings  will  forever  eliminate. 

Think  of  having  a  roof  that  lightning,  sun, 
fire,  water,,  snow,  ice,  or  the  action  of  air  cannot 
affect— that  cannot  warp,  crack,  rust  or  decay. 

Think  of  having  a  roof  of  natural  rock,  that 
is  solid,  enduring,  ornamental;  that  lowers  fire 
insurance  premiums;  increases  property  valua¬ 
tions;  betters  the  appearance  of  any  building  it 
covers  and  never  wears  out,  and  you  must 
think  of — 

Sea  Green  and  Purple 

Roofing  Slate 

The  one  roofing  by  which  all  patent  or  artifi¬ 
cial  roofing  preparations  are  compared— by  which 
the  test  of  service  and  satisfaction  of  any  roof¬ 
ing  material  is  Judged— is  Sea  Green  and 
Purple  Slate. 

Don’t  allow  the  misleading  low  first  cost  of 
these  cheap  roofings  to  prevent  you  from  having  a 
roof  that  lasts  forever— that  will  never  need 
repairing.  Specify  Slate  and  settle  your  roofing 
problem  for  the  balance  of  your  life. 

Send  Today  for  Proo  Booklet  “Roofs” 

Investigate  the  Roofing  question.  Get  the 
unbiased  opinions  and  experiences  of  practical 
men  of  building  experts  now.  Send  for  our  book¬ 
let  “Roofs.”  Simply  tell  us  the  name  of  your 
nearest  roofer  and  your  copy  of  this  booklet  will 
be  mailed  absolutely  Free. 

The  American  Sea  Green  Slate  Co. 

( Roofs  That  Never  Wear  Out) 

|f Q  dark  Street,  Granville,  N.  Y. 


FUMA 


|  4  BH  I  ■  H  ■  99  kills  Prairie  Dogs, 

“ ®  ®  Woodchucks,  Gophers, 

and  Grain  Insects. 
“The  wheels  of  tho  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  thoir 

^vith  “Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  ’’are  *£?£ 

EDWARD  It.  TAVLOR,  Penn  Tan,  N.  V. 


MAnufactuhkbs  of  TUDCCUITDO 

am.  k  i  n  i  is  of  i  nr.  u  o  n  el  ft  o 

Ad’3,S.  K.  CAMPBELL.  Central  Bridge.  N-lf. 


We  Want  a  Man 

IN  YOUR  VICINITY 

To  show  every  telephone  user  our 

“NO  RISK”  Lightning  arrester 

One  agent  writes:  *T  sold  over  750  ‘No 
Risk’  Arresters  and  made  a  friend  at  each 
home.”  Easy  to  sell,  easy  to  install  and 
operate.  Several  persons  killed  recently 
and  so  much  damage  caused  by 
lightning  coming  in  over  the  'phone 
wire,  people  want  and  demand  the 
best  protection  they  can  get.  We 
allow  our  representatives  a  large 
commission  and  they  make  good  money.  Write  today 
for  our  free  book  and  splendid  proposition.  Do  it  now. 
W.  E.  ASHBY  TELEPHONE  CUT  OUT  CO.,  41 H  LOCUS  I  ST.,  DES  MOINES,  IOWA 


DONT  FAIL  TO  PLANT 


SOME  OF  THE 


Meadowvale  Gladioli 

THIS  SEASON. 

Write -for  Free  Illustrated  Catalogue  at  once. 

ART  HUR  COWEE 

Meadowvale  Farm,  Box  54,  BERLIN,  N.  Y. 


—  ISO  ACRES.  Genesee  Valley 
grown.  "Not  tho  cheapest,  but 
the  best.”  Never  have  bad  San 
Jose  Scale.  Established  1869. 

rATAior  pritc  GEO.  A.  SWEET  NURSERY  CO., 
LAIALUu  r  Knr.  20  Maple  St.,  Daitsville,  N.  Y. 


FRUIT  TREES  and  PLANTS 

At  prices  that  will  astonish  you.  Send  for  Whole¬ 
sale  l’riee  List  and  Lithographs.  Several  good 
collections  cheap.  We  have  a  complete  assortment 
in  all  varieties  of  fruit  trees  and  plants.  Special 
Strawberry  Catalog.  Headquarter?,  for  the  Old- 
Fashioned  Sweet  Cherry.  No  crooked  or  inferior 
stock  sold  at  any  price.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
L’AMORKAUX  NURSERY  CO.,  Schoharie.  N.  Y. 


Agents'  Prtcos  Cut  In  Two 


Direct  to  You 


If  you  want  a  small  but  choice  cherry  orchard,  get 
our  Collection  No.  3  —  6  grand,  sweet  cherries  for 
•  1 .20— one-fiffh  less  than  catalogue  prices— ail  two 
year  old  trees,  6  to  7  ft.  high. 

2  Croon’s  Tartarian,  1  Cov.  Wood,  t  Napoleon, 
1  Windsor  c  Schmidt's  Bigarroau.  These  will  give 
you  cheines  from  early  June  till  fall. 

12  Best  Plums  only  $2.35 

This  is  one-third  off  our  regular  catalogue  price — and  the 
varieties  I  note  them:  Abundance ,  Burbank,  Gttcii,  Brad¬ 
shaw,  owe  each;  Shropshire  Damson,  Lombard,  York  State, 
Niagara,  2  each.  Twelve  trees  all  largest  best  stock,  and  at 
this  special  price  of  $2.25. 

There  are  many  other  Bargain  collections  of  all  kinds  in 
our  1911  Catalogue — larger,  liner,  better  than  ever  before. 
Send  for  it  to-dav  to  convince  yourself.  We  have  no  agents  — 
th  Tefore  save  you  their  big  commissions.  If  you  write  soon 
and  ask  for  it,  we  will  send  you  free  our  souvenir  book, 
**  20  Years  with  Fruits  and  Flowers.” 

GREEN'S  NURSERY  CO.,  Box  22,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  X.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


THE  APPLE  BUSINESS 

Is  a  sure  tiling — if  you  have  the  right  kind  of 
a  tree.  People  may  plant  too  many  oranges 
but  the  good  old  apple  is  a  sure  thing.  T  he 
time  to  get  in  with  that  hillside  is  right  now 
— this  Spring. 

There  is  some  discussion  about  the  best 
aged  tree  to  plant.  Some  want  big  trees  and 
some  little  whips.  We  have  them  all! 

The  size  is  a  matter  of  opinion  but  every¬ 
body  agrees  that  the  health  and  life  of  the 
tree  is  more  important.  We  put  life  and 
health  in  our  trees — or  they  do  it  themselves. 

They  grow  in  strong  ground  with  no 
check  from  start  to  finish  and  with  a  long 
fall  season  to  harden  and  ripen  their  woods. 

They  are  sound,  free  from  disease  and 
ready  to  grow.  Every  variety  you  want 
and  every  tree  right. 

The  Catalog  tells  all  about  it. 

HARRISON’S  NURSERIES,  Box  15,  BERLIN,  MD. 

FRUIT  TREES  AND  PLANTS  u,aJ  :XZ. 

Ppplcs  ...  $15.00  per  .00 
Peaches  ...  $8.00  per  lOO 

Cherries  ...  $10.00  per  lOO 

Strictly  First-Class  Stock,  Government  In¬ 
spected.  Write  today  for  our  free  eat  nlogue 
on  Fruits  and  Ornamentals,  ami  buy  direct 
from  the  growers.  Our  trees  are  grown  in  that 
great  nursery  belt  of  Ontario  County. 

ONTARIO  NURSERY  CO.,  Inc. 

GENEVA,  N.  Y.  Box  No.  21 


OLYMPIC  NATURE  NURSERY 

Rhoilodondroiis.  Madron  as.  Oregon  Grapes.  Huckle¬ 
berries  and  other  wild  shrubs,  plants  and  flowers. 

By  mail.  10  for  50  cents,  24  for  SI. 00  postpaid. 

Money  back  if  not  satisfied. 

JOEL  SHOMAKKIi,  Nellita,  Washington. 

MILLIONS  OF  FLOWERING 

and  Decorating  Plants  of  all  kinds,  including  Early 
and  Late  Vegetable  Plants  in  abundance,  for  Flor¬ 
ists.  Landscape  Gardeners,  Parks,  Institutions, 
etc.,  at  wholesale  prices  Send  for  lists. 

ALONZO  J.  BRYAN.  Wholesale  Florist,  Washington,  N.  J. 


200  \  nrtetle*.  Also  Drupes,  Small  Fruits,  etc.  Best 

rooted  mock.  Genuine,  cheap.  2  sample  currants  mailed  for  10c, 
Catalog  free.  LKW18  KOKSCH  A  SON,  llo»  k  ,  Krcdonla,  H.  Y, 


CHERRY  TREES 

100  Early  Richmond  Cherry 
TwoYear,  5  to  A  Feet,  $16,00 

Freight  paid  to  your  station.  All  Other  nursery 
stock  sold  direct  to  planter  at  lowest  possible  prices 
for  high-grade  stock.  Send  for  descriptive  price  list. 

NEW  HAVEN  NURSERIES 

NEW  HAVEN,  MISSOURI 


EDI!  I  T  TDL’L’C  Pears,  Bartlett,  8eckel  and  others. 
iKUIl  lRC.r3  Chcrrien  and  IMiiiuk.  all  standard 
I  varieties.  Peaches  grown  from  buds  from  tearing 
Block.  Get  wholesale  prices  direct  from  us  ;  also  £1  Lot 
Offers.  Free  Catalog.  Prize  Hampshire  sheep.  Write 
W.  P.  RUPERT  J.  SON,  Box  20,  Sen  ecu,  N.  Y. 


12  FRUIT  TREES  W»SH  FOR  98c 

1  Roosevelt,  1  Bradshaw  Plum,  1 
Niagara  Peach,  1  Bing,  1  Napo¬ 
leon.  1  Montmorency  Cherry,  I 
Baldwin,  1  McIntosh,  i  King 
Apple,  1  Orange  Quince,  1  Bartlett. 

1  Seckel  Pear.  All  first  class  trees, 

2  yr.,  4  ft,  high  for  98c.  Everybody 
write  for  free  illustrated  catalogue. 

Maloney  Bros.  S  Wells,  Box  13  D&nsville,  N„  Y. 


Black's  Peach  Trees-! 91 1 


,  ,  Peach  Trees  are  one  of  our  specialties — we 
***••*--  r~-  alone.  Our 

than  the] 

«,  - 

direct  .saving  middleman's  profits. 

S 8*w  •  ••  m 


J 


New  bxjklet.  “Springtime  and  Vc2  lllSfal© 
Harvest  for  the  Fruit- grower/’  free.  **  ■  ■  ■ 

Booklet 


Joseph  II.  Black,  Son  Sc  Co. 


Box  V,  HiRhtstown,New  Jersey 


Sent  Free 


McM/IV’S  Peach  Trees - — 

MCKAY'S  Dwarf  Apple  Trees - — 

MCKAY'S  Acre  Cherry  Orchard,  S15 - 

MCKAY'S  Rose  Bashes  on  their  own  roots - — 

Me  KAY'S  Fertilizer  Chemicals  — 

MCKAY'S  Agricultural  Lime,  S3  per  ton 

Me  KAY'S  Catalopuc  tells  about  them  a  in'  more 
. — W.  L.  McKay.  G  ENEVA,  N.  Y.  Box  R. 


CATALPA 


SPFCIQSA 

mis 


Mine  are  true  to  name.  Write  for  Free  booklet  which  tells 
all  about  the  150  acres  I  am  growing  for  telephone  poles. 

H.  C.  ROGERS,  Box  11,  Mechanicsbnro,  Ohio. 


Pomeroy  Hardy  English  WALNUT  TREES 

Free  Illustrated  Pooklet 

ENGLISH  WALNUT  FARM 

D,  N.  POME  BOY  LOCKPOKT,  N.  \r. 


PEACH  TREES 


KLUKKTA,  CARMAN.  HIELJEY,  ami  all  the 
leading  varieties  at  prices  that  will  save  yon  money. 
Wo  have  APPLE,  PEAR,  PLUM,  and  other  varieties  of 
fruit  trees  also.  Catalog  free. 


BARNES  BROS.  NURSERY  CO. 


“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers;  they  enrich  the  eartli  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 


FRUIT  TREES 


Our  Proof  to  date  after  years  of  service  is  that 
we  can  save  you  not  only  money,  but  disap¬ 
pointment.  when  your  trees  begin  to  fruit. 
This  Proof  will  be  submitted  with  our  new 
catalog — ask  for  it  today.  *  *  *  *  * 
H.  S.  WILEY  &  SON,  Box  122,  Cayirca,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


Il'IrltC  KUKA.L,  NEW-YORKER 


401 


BRACING  END  AND  CORNER  POSTS. 

The  stability  and  "usefulness  of  a  woven 
wire  fence  depends  almost  altogether  on 
the  substantial  setting  and  thorough 
bracing  of  the  end  and  corner  posts.  Many 
set  very  large  posts  and  think  if  well 
braced  in  the  ordinary  way  they  will  hold, 
but  it  is  not  the  case.  Especially  is  this 
true  when  a  fence  is  40  or  more  rods  in 
length.  They  only  have  to  pull  out  of  a 

rpendicular  position  a  little  and  the  top 
wires  become  a  little  slack.  This  caust  ^ 
in  a  little  while  still  greater  looseness  of 
the  upper  portion.  The  result  is  that  the 
force  of  the  wind  blowing  first  in  one  di¬ 
rection  and  then  in  another",  causes  the 
entire  fence  to  vibrate  so  violently  that  all 
the  line  posts  become  loosened  and  stand 
much  out  of  an  upright  position.  Such  a 
fence  is  not  only  much  weakened  against 
violent  strains  to  which  it  is  subject,  but 
has  a  very  unsightly  appearance.  It’ must 
be  remembered  that  in  properly  stretching 
from  40  to  80  rods  of  heavy  field  wire 
fence,  there  is  a  powerful  pull  on  the 
end  posts,  or  on  a  corner  post  where  one 
of  equal  length  is  also  attached  to  it.  Such 
posts  do  not  necessarily  have  to  be  extra 
large,  as  many  imagine.  Eight  to  10  inches 
square  is  sufficient  for  the  very  largest. 
It  is  the  anchoring  and  bracing  that  give 
them  the  proper  stability.  If  made  of 
wood  it  ought  to  be  of  a  very  durable 
kind. 

In  giving  a  description  of  a  very  superior 
way  of  setting  and  bracing  an  end  post,  it 
will  be  explained  here  that  if  a  corner 
post  is  desired  to  be  set,  all  there  is  to 
do  extra  is  to  brace  it  both  ways  the 
fence  runs  and  in  the  same  manner.  End 
and  corner  posts  when  there  is  a  heavy 
pressure  upon  them  ought  to  be  nine  feet 
long.  This  allows  five  feet  to  project,  which 
is  plenty  high  for  all  farm  fences.  They 
must  set  in  the  ground  full  four  feet  for 
the  greatest  permanency.  Before  setting 
an  end  post  there  is  a  little  work  neces¬ 
sary  to  get  it  ready.  Near  the  bottom  cut 
a  notch  about  one  and  a  half  inch  deep 
by  four  in  width.  Securely  spike'  into  this 
cut  a  piece  of  timber  two  feet  long  and  two 
by  four  inches  in  size.  This  is  to  serve  as 
an  anchor  to  prevent  the  possibility  of  a 
post  being  pulled  up.  Four  feet  and  three 
Inches  above  the  bottom  end  bore  a  three- 
quarter-inch  hole  entirely  through  it,  and 
one  foot  below  the  top  cut  a  notch  for  a 
brace  to  fit  in.  The  post  is  then  ready 
to  be  set,  and  the  bracing  can  be  attended 
to  afterward.  For  bracing  the  post  there 
is  required  a  piece  of  timber  six  inches 
square  and  eight  feet  long.  There  is  also 
a  three-quarter-inch  round  rod  of  iron 
having  a  three-inch  thread  cut  on  each  end, 
and  provided  with  nuts  and  heavy  washers 
needed.  To  reach  from  the  post  to  the 
brace  timber  and  go  through  both  on  a 
level,  and  three  inches  above  the  ground, 
this  rod  will  have  to  be  eight  feet  long. 
The  brace  timber  has  to  be  beveled  at  each 
end  so  it  will  fit  neatly  in  the  notch  in 
the  post,  and  also  on  the  flat  stone  placed 
the  right  distance  from  the  post  on  a  line 
with  the  fence  to  be  put  up. 

When  all  the  parts  are  ready,  the  post 
being  set  solidly  and  perfectly  upright,  all 
then  to  be  done  is  to  put  the  rod  of  iron 
through  the  holes  in  both  brace  and  post, 
spike  the  brace  fast  at  the  top  end,  put 
on  the  washers  and  nuts,  and  screw  up 
until  all  the  parts  are  in  the  right  position. 
As  has  been  mentioned,  if  a  corner  post  is 
desired  to  be  set  and  braced,  brace  it 
both  ways  in  the  same  manner  as  an  end 
post.  Some  places  flat  stones  are  not  to 
be  had.  When  this  is  the  case,  use  con¬ 
crete.  Make  an  excavation  about  a  foot 
square  and  six  inches  deep  and  fill  it  up 
just  level  with  the  ground,  by  putting  in  the 
concrete  well  tamped  as  in  making  walks. 
There  is  a  cheaper  way  of  securing  the  foot 
of  the  brace  to  the  base  of  the  post  than 
using  the  heavy  iron  rod  described.  Cut  a 
slight  notch  in  both  post  and  brace  three 
inches  above  the  level  of  the  ground,  and 
wind  around  botli  four  strands  of  No.  11 
wire  rather  loosely.  Then  twist  the  strands 
of  wire  Into  a  cable,  but  be  careful  not  to 
twist  so  hard  that  the  post  and  brace  will 
be  drawn  out  of  the  right  position.  We 
have  tried  bracing  end  and  corner  posts 

in  many  ways,  but  the  one  that  has  been 

described  is  the  very  best  of  them  all,  and 
if  the  twisted  wire  is  used  instead  of  the 
iron  rod  the  cost  is  no  more  than  the  ordi¬ 
nary  methods  in  common  use.  The  iron 
rod  with  threads,  washers,  and  nuts,  gener¬ 
ally  cost  from  forty  to  fifty  cents,  and  some 
hardware  men  keep  them  in  stock  at  even  a 
less  price.  No  post  if  well  set  and  an¬ 
chored  and  the  bracing  done  as  described 

can  ever  pull  up  any  or  pull  from  a  per- 
pendlculaj  k  ion.  w.  a.  g. 

Ifrownsburg,  ind. 


Training  Up  Vinks.- — Our  melons  and  c 
cumbers  blasted  regularly  four  or  live  year 
1  drove  stakes  12  or  18  inches  Ion 
nailed  narrow  strips  across,  about  24  or  I 
inches  long,  and  tacked  on  wire  hen  ne 
ting,  making  a  frame  five  or  six  or  10  fe< 
♦  e'n  v*Iles  were  planted  low,  so  ; 
to  fill  up  ,  keeping  pace  with  the  growl 
c  v  tBl  the  leaves  prevented  higln 
hilling.  The  earth  was  nearly  level  wil 
the  outlying  earth.  Then  the  vines  woi 
Induced  to  climb  the  wire  frame  and  wei 
pinched  at  the  sides  and  ends  of  the  frame 
as  seemed  best.  We  have  not  had  bligl 
in  five  years  experience.  The  fruits  ai 
exceptionally  fine  in  size  and  flavor.  T1 
ground  beneath  frames  can  be  kept  fr< 
weeds,  and  I  sprinkled  wood  ash< 
V  ,  ty'  whenever  we  had  anv  ar 
planted  clover  for  cover  crop  the  last  < 

theoorfn  seeinLas  if  k(‘ePing  the  vines  o 
the  earth  was  the  secret  of  no  blight. 

e.  w.  it. 


The  E-M-F 


Company 


Announ 


a  Flanders  “20” 
Fore-Door  Model 


$800 

With  3-Speed 
Selective 
Transmission 


EVER  SINCE  THE  ADVENT  of  the  famous  Flanders  “20”  nearly  two 
years  ago,  we  have  been  deluged  with  requests  for  a  touring 
body  on  this  sterling  light  chassis.  These  requests  came  from 
thousands  of  good  folk  who  felt  they  could  not  afford  or  didn’t 
care  to  put  $1,000  or  more  into  an  automobile — of  course  at 
$1,000  there’s  only  one  choice — -E-M-F  “30.” 

TRUE,  THERE  WERE  OTHERS  —several  makes  of  cars  selling  for 
less  than  $1,000  and  equipped  with  “touring”  bodies.  But  in  the 
eyes  of  discriminating  buyers  these  possessed  disadvantages  that 
left  them,  out  of  consideration — for  example:  inadequate  power 
and  chassis  strength;,  two-speed  transmissions— and  mostly  of  the 
power-consuming,  noisy  “planetary”  type.  The  planetary  trans¬ 
mission  may  be  “fool  proof”  as  claimed — but  it  does  not  appeal 
to  the  mechanically  well  informed. 

FLANDERS  “20”  DIDN’T  BELONG  to  that  class  of  cars  at  all. 
When  Engineer  HeaSlet  undertook  to  design  this  model  for  the 
E-M-F  Company  he  set  himself  a  high  standard — that  of  creating 
a  chassis  of  medium  size  that  should  combine  all  those  features 
which  heretofore  had  been  considered  obtainable  only  in  cars 
selling  for  four  times  as  much  as  Mr.  Flanders  proposed  to  ask 
for  this  car. 

THAT  HE  SUCCEEDED  IS  HISTORY.  True,  Flanders  “26”  in  its 
first  few  months  of  existence  had  to  pass  through  most  of  the 
infantile  troubles  that  every  new  model,  no  matter  by  whom  de¬ 
signed,  must  pass  through  before  it  reaches  that  state  of  perfec¬ 
tion  that  is  the  designer’s  ambition.  Flanders  ‘'26”  had  its 
teething  troubles,  then  the  measles,  mumps,  and  a.  slight  attack 
of  whooping  cough — that  last  is  automobile  language  for  car¬ 
buretor  crankiness. 

PERHAPS  THIS  SURPRISES  YOU- — this  brutal  frankness  of  ours.  Tt 
is  the  despair  of  our  competitors.  'Ihey  never  can  understand 
why  it  does  not  injure  us  irreparably  to  tell  the  public  what  they 
consider  factory  secrets.  Confidentially,  we  believe  this  is  the 
secret  of  our  success.  We  are  dealing  with  intelligent  people- 
practical  business  men  for  the  most  part.  Infallibility  is  not  to 
be  hoped  for  in  human  beings.  So  it  has  always  been  our  pol¬ 
icy  to  speak  frankly  to  readers  of  our  ads.  It  not  only  disarms 
unfair  competition,  but  has  won  for  us  a  confidence  on  the  part 
of  buyers  that  we  consider  our  chief  asset. 

YES;  FLANDERS  .  “20”  HAD  ITS  TROUBLES  in  the  early  days"" 
But — and.  here’s  what  you  are  mostly  interested  in — every  Flan¬ 
ders  “20”  car  sold  carried  with  it  a  full  year’s  guarantee  by  a 
company  worth  several  millions  of  dollars.  Not  only  that,  but 
the  buyer  knew  that  the  men  who  signed  that  guarantee  were  not 
in  tile  habit  of  splitting  hairs — would  make  good  not  only  the 
letter  but  the  spirit  of  that  guarantee.  And  we  did — to  such  an 
extent  that  there  are  today  7,000  boosters  of  this  car — satisfied 
owners. 

WHILE  WE  ARE  ON  THIS  SUBJECT  let’s  go  back  three  years. 
h-M-I'  “30”  was  then  in  its  first  year.  It  also  had  its  infantile 
aches  and  pains.  This  company  was  new  then,  but  the  men  at 
tlie  head  of  it  realized  that  permanent  success  depended  abso¬ 
lutely  on  backing  up  our  product  in  the  most  liberal  manner. 
\ve  had  expected  small  weaknesses  to  develop  during  the  first 
few  weeks  that  the  new  model  was  on  the  roads  in  hands  of 
owners.  Why?  Past  experience — whicii  teaches  us  that,  no 
matter  how  severely  a  new  model  may  be  tested  by  factory  ex¬ 
perts,  defects  will  develop  when  500  cars  are  in  hands  of  owners 
operating  under  500  different  sets  of  conditions — defects  no  one 
could  possibly  have  foreseen  or  provided  against.  That’s  the 
reason  for  a  manufacturer’s  guarantee — and  before  you  buy  any 
new  model — ours  or  the  other  fellow’s,  let  us  warn  you  to  look 
well  to  the  kind  of  guarantee  that  goes  with  it,  and  particularly 
to  the  character  of  the  men  or  the  firm  that  signs  it. 

WHAT  A  MARVELOUS  RECORD  E-M-F  “30”  has  made  since  that 
— nothing  like  it  has  been  known  in  automobile  history.  For 
three  years  it  has  been  first  choice  of  discriminating  buyers  and 
every  car  has  been  sold,  not  by  a  salesman,  but  by  another  owner. 
And  so  well  did  we  take  care  of  those  first  500  cars,  any  man 
who  now  owns  one  of  that  famous  first  litter  to  which  “Old 
.Bullet”  belonged,  staunchly  claims  he  has  as  good  a  car  as  we 
have  ever  turned  out  since. 

FLANDERS  “20”  REPEATED  HISTORY-that’s  all.  And  today  we 
are  able  to  say  of  this  great  little  car  it  is  as  good  as  its  older 
brother  E-M-F  “30” — and  more  could  not  be  said  of  any  auto¬ 
mobile. 

BUT  ABOUT  THAT  TOURING  MODEL.  Until  recently  we  have 
turned  a  deaf  ear  to  the  entreaties  of  dealers  and  individual  ad- 
mirers  alike — those  who  wanted  a  Flanders  “20”  touring  car.  The 
reasons  have  been  set  forth  above.  We  had  determined  first  to 
give  the  car  a  full  year  in  hands  of  owners  with  the  lighter  run¬ 
about  and  suburban  bodies — watch  the  performance  of  every  car 
carefully  and  make  improvements  or  refinements  wherever  oppor¬ 
tunity  occurred. 

SHE  IS  IN  HER  SECOND  YEAR  NOW — infantile  diseases  long  since 
passed  and  every  defect  however  slight — whether  in  mechanical 
construction  or  merely  in  exterior  appearance — has  been  cor¬ 
rected  and  such  improvements  made  as  the  progress  of  the 
science  of  automobile  making  and  steel  treatment  has  made  possi- 
sible.  Today  we  are  able  to  say — and  back  it  up  with  that  same 
guarantee— that  in  all  the  world  there  is  nowhere  else  such  value 
to  be  had  in  a  car  of  this  type  as  in  the  Fore-Door  Flanders  “20.” 

THE  RULE  WE  HAVE  WORKED  TO  in  perfecting  this  light  car 
model  has  been  “when  in  doubt  make  it  like  E-M-F  ‘30’  ” — a 
rule  some  of  our  esteemed  competitors  have  emulated  assiduously 
of  late,  by  the  way.  You’ll  find,  therefore,  many  points  of 
.similarity  in  the  two  cars — and  that  alone  is  guarantee  of  the 
excellence  of  the  new  Flanders  “20”  model. 

ONE  FACTOR  THAT  HAS  HELPED  in  this  process  of  improvement 
has  been  the  drop  in  prices  of  materials — which  we  predicted  in 
a  recent  E-M-F  ad.  and  were  so  roundly  scored  for  by  competi¬ 
tors  who  thought  it  was  bad  for  the  public  to  be  advised  of  that 
fact.  For  example  aluminum  is  much  cheaper  today  than  two 
years  ago.  Result,  we  are  able  to  use  that  semi-precious  metal 
in  the  motor  crank-case  and  transmission  housing  of  Flanders 
20  now,  whereas  it  was  absolutely  out  of  the  question  then. 

"  e  reduce  the  weight  very  considerably  by  using  aluminum. 


THE  THREE-SPEED,  SELECTIVE  TRANSMISSION  is  another  fea¬ 
ture  that  will  appeal  strongly  to  the  experienced.  For  the  run¬ 
about  models  the  two-speeds  are  all  right,  but  it’s  a  mistake  and 
a  grievous  one  in  any  touring  car.  Not  only  does  it  interfere 
with  the  pleasurable  operation  of  the  car — and  every  Flanders 
“20”  owner  drives  his  own  car — but  it  subjects  motor  and  trans¬ 
mission  mechanisms  to  undue  strains  when  starting  or  climbing 
hills  or  negotiating  very  bad  stretches  of  roads.  It  won’t  do. 

WHEEL  BASE  IS  102  INCHES  only  6  inches  shorter  than  the  larger 
model.  Ample  room  for  five  large  adult  passengers  and  longer 
than  any  other  car  of  similar  class.  Weight,  only  1600  pounds, 
and  as  this  “20”  horse-power  motor  actually  develops  about  25% 
more  power  than  its  rating  you  have  power  to  carry  you  any¬ 
where  at  as  rapid  a  pace  as  you  will  ever  care  to  go.  And  she’s 
a  wonderful  hill  climber. 

LESSER  IMPROVEMENTS  ARE: -Detaching  exhaust  manifold.  For¬ 
merly,  cast  integral  with  the  cylinders  this  feature  developed 
defects  similar  to  those  from  which  other  makes  of  higher 
priced  cars,  which  also  adopted  this  foreign  idea  last  year,  are 
still  suffering.  You  don’t  know  which  ones?  Ask  your  dealer. 

CARBURETOR  HAS  BEEN  PERFECTED  so  as  to  give  still  wider 
range  of  flexibility  and  with  simpler  adjustment — similar  to  E-M- 
F  “30.”  Flanders  “20” '  carburetor  now  gives  uniform  results 
in  mile-high  Denver  amt  sea-level  Florida. 

WORM  AND  WORM-WHEEL  STEERING  has  been  adopted  in  place 
of  the  former  internal-gear  device.  Absolutely  irevcrsiblc.  Four 
times  longer  lived — because  four  times  as  much  wearing  surface. 
Also  adjustable  for  wear.  Equal  in  every  way  to  that  of 
E-M-F  “30.” 

MAGNETO  AND  COIL  are  part  of  standard  equipment  of  course — 
Splitdorf,  and  attached  same  as  on  the  larger  car.  Accessible. 
So  are  several  other  parts  that  formerly  were  a  trifle  difficult" 
to  get  at.  Radiator  is  raised  slightly  so  the  starting  crank  no 
longer  goes  through  the  radiator.  ’  Looks  better,  that’s  all. 
Cooling  properties  of  this  car  always  were  ideal.  Rear  axle  has 
been  made  heavier  to  support  the  heavier  passenger  load. 
Double  strut  rods.  Brakes  twice  as  wide  as  before — will  slide 
the  wheels  on  any  surface  yet  won’t  chatter  nor  jerk  no  matter 
how  severely  applied.  Lined  with  thermoid. 

SEVERAL  OTHER  MINOR  POINTS  have  been  refined — improved  is 
hardly  the  word,  for  there  was  nothing  to  be  desired  in  effi¬ 
ciency.  Still,  there  was  one  point — valve  action — where  not  only 
refinement  was  possible,  but  about  20  per  cent  increase  in  power 
was  obtained. 

THINK  HOW  MUCH  WISER  IT  IS  for  a  concern  to  adhere  to  stand¬ 
ard  models  and  improve  from  year  to  year  as  we  have  done 
with  Flanders  “20”  and  E-M-F  “30”  rather  than  to  constantly 
chase  false  gods  and  offer  radically  new  models  to  the  buying 
public  as  fast  as  the  seasons  roll  round. 

IS  IT  ANY  WONDER  other  concerns  are  trailing  in  the  rear  while 
the  E-M-F  Company  continues  to  set  the  pace  and  constantly  in¬ 
creases  the  distance  between?  You  know  the  A.  L.  A.  M.  re¬ 
port  for  the  last  quarter  of  1910,  just  issued  showed  the  E-M-F 
Company  to  be  the  largest  producer  of  automobiles  in  the 
world.  Those  figures  cannot  be  refuted.  And  the  chief  reason 
is  we  do  not  run  away  from  our  troubles,  but  make  good  to 
every  buyer— ^and  we  get  our  share  of  the  unreasonable  ones — 
and  continue  to  improve  and  refine  our  product  far  in  advance 
of  the  times  and  the  demands  of  buyers. 

NOW  ABOUT  THAT  FORE-DOOR  MODEL  -First,  let  us  say  this 
jiody  is  not  a  makeshift  one.  designed  to  fit  a  runabout  and  be 
interchangeable.  Not  at  all.  It  is  specially  designed  for  this 
chassis  which,  as  wc  have  shown  above,  had  been  designed  to 
receive  it.  Ample  seating  capacity  and  just  as  well  trimmed  and 
finished — just  as  many  coats  of  varnish  and  same  quality  leather 
and  hair  as  that  used  in  E-M-F  “30.” 

THE  PRICE — $800  IS  SENSATIONAL — leaves  no  real  competition 
for  this  car  in  the  field.  Meets  exactly  the  needs  of  buyers  who 
just  can’t  quite  reach  E-M-F  “30” — and  gives  them  a  car  made 
of  exactly  the  same  materials,  by  the  same  wonderful  organiza¬ 
tion  and  backed  by  the  same  guarantee  as  E-M-F  “30” — just  a 
size  smaller,  that’s  all. 

NOW.  NOTE  THIS  CAREFULLY.  Deliveries  of  this  fore-door  model 
will  not  begin  until  on  or  about  April  1st.  And  at  first  they  will 
not  come  very  rapidly — naturally.  Orders  ahead  for  Flanders 
“20”  runabouts  and  roadsters  must  be  taken  care  of.  This  re¬ 
quires  a  large  part  of  the  factory  equipment  and  organization. 

BESIDES,  IT  BECAME  NOISED  ABOUT— despite  our  efforts  to  keep 
silent  about  this  model  until  ready  to  deliver  them  in  quantities 
— that  this  Fore-Door  Flanders  “20”  was  coming  out,  and  astute 
dealers  and  buyers  have  already  sent  in  tentative  orders  for 
several,  hundred  cars — unsight  and  unseen  and  without  knowing 
just  v/hat  the  price  would  be.  Know  it  would  be  right,  of 
course,  knowing  the  E-M-F  Company. 

SO  YOU  SEE  YOU’LL  HAVE  TO  TAKE  YOUR  TURN  in  the  line 

just  as  those  thousands  have  had  to  do  in  the  past  who  wanted 
E-M-F  “30”  or  Flanders.  “20”  cars.  Order  at  once.  Pay  down 
a  deposit  and  have  your  dealer  assign  you  a  definite  delivery 
date.  Then  you  will  not  be  disappointed. 

THE  OBJECT  OF  THIS  ADVERTISEMENT  is  not  so  much  to  sell 
these  cars— word  of  mouth  information  among  present  owners 
would  sell  the  entire  output  as  fast  as  we  could  get  them  out. 
But  we  wanted  to  give  everybody  a  fair  start — dealers  and  indi¬ 
vidual  buyers  alike.  So  this  is  the  first  official  word  about  this 
model  and  you  can  rest  assured .  there  will  he  no  favoritism — 
first  in  line  first  served  and  with  absolute  impartiality  as  in 
the  past. 

HERE’S  ANOTHER  SURPRISE  We  did  intend  to  reserve  it  for  another 
ad.,  but  it  won’t  be  necessary.  We  will  begin  on  April  1st  to 
deliver  a  new  Fore-Door  E-M-F  “30.”  Will  be  ready  to  take 
care  of  the  demand  by  that  date  we  hope.  Chassis  unchanged 
in  any  detail — same  famous  car  in  every  particular  save  only  the 
body  which  we  think  is  the  neatest,  nattiest,  “classiest”  thing  of 
the  kind  yet  produced.  Price  will  be  $1,100 — watch ’em  scramble  1 


We  have  over  1800  dealers — one  very  near  you — let  us  send  you  his  name 
Write  us  at  Detroit  for  detailed  specifications — Booklet  No.  18 

The  E-M-F  Company,  Automobile  Manufacturers,  Detroit,  Mich. 


Ad  •’ 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


April  8, 


VEGETABLES  AND  THE  BOY. 

It  ma.v  be  of  iuterest  to  the  readers-  of 
The  It.  N.-Y.  to  know  that  an  intimate  ac¬ 
quaintance  of  mine,  raised  by  her  own  work 
and  the  help  of  her  children,  last  Summer, 
enough  early  vegetables  in  her  garden  to 
pay  the  expenses  at  the  normal  school  for 
the  oldest,  a  boy  13  years  old,  for  the 
Winter  term,  including  lessons  in  music,  lie 
is  coming  home  to-day  to  start  in  with  the 
Spring  work  and  help  to  raise  money  for 
next  Winter’s  schooling.  His  mother  means 
to  keep  him  at  studies  as  well  as  work,  and 
some  play,  during  Spring,  Summer  and 
Fall.  His  father,  a  city  man.  though  per¬ 
suaded  by  his  wife  to  buy  a  small  farm 
last  Winter,  keeps  saying,  “It  don't  pay,” 
hut  my  friend  means  to  show  him  it  does. 
She  believes  in  getting  early  prices  by 
starting  such  things  as  will  stand  cold  and 
some  frost,  so  she  was  busy  digging  March 
14  so  much  of  the  garden  as  had  been  left 
by  Jack  Frost,  about  one-eighth  of  an  acre, 
and  expected  to  plant  the  next  day,  when 
to  her  dismay  it  came  a  snow  cloud  so 
dense  that  it  left  over  six  inches  deep  of 
wet  snow  all  over.  My  friend  Maiy  has 
joined  a  few  young  girls  who  with  a  teacher 
at  the  head  study  Latin  on  Tuesday  even¬ 
ings,  but  she  was  so  .worried  over  the 
seeming  failure  of  her  plans  that  she  could 
not  keep  her  mind  on  Latin,  or  anything 
else.  It  was  a  moonlight  night  and  when 
she  awoke  at  2  a.  in.  in  the  night  she  con¬ 
ceived  a  bright  idea.  She  dressed,  found 
the  shove]  and  removed  the  snow  the  width 
of  the  shovel,  then  planted  one  row  of 
beets  and  one  of  lettuce,  side  by  side  ;  then 
she  left  a  foot  of  snow  between  and  re¬ 
moved  snow  from  the  next  two  rows,  throw¬ 
ing  the  snow  on  the  planted  rows.  To-day, 
the  16th,  Jack  Frost  has  taken  possession 
again,  but  Mary  has  her  seed  in  and  is 
happy  that  they  are  ready  to  welcome  the 
warm  rays  of  the  sun,  her  only  regret  that 
the  piece  is  not  larger.  M.  G.  L. 

Pennsylvania. 


SOME  CORN  TESTING  EXPERIENCE. 

Last  year  my  father  raised  a  good  crop 
of  corn.  Pride  of  the  North  variety.  It  was 
cut  with  the  binder  and  put  into  the  silo, 
so  that  no  accurate  record  of  the  yield 
could  be  kept.  However,  one  part  of  the 
field  lay  just  below  the  barn  and  received 
the  drainage  from  the  manure  pile,  and 
here  the  corn  was  unusually  good.  From 
this  part  of  the  field  we  picked  the  largest, 
ripest  ears  and  tied  two  ears  together  by 
the  husks  and  hung  them  over  a  pole  high 
up  under  the  eaves  on  the  north  side  of  the 
granary,  where  they  were  sheltered  from 
the  storm.  The  pole  was  hung  by  hay  wire 
so  squirrels  and  mice  did  not  disturb  it. 
Of  course  ears  froze,  but  as  they  were  ripe 
and  dry  when  hung  up  I  did  not  think  this 
hurt  it.  We  were  complimented  a  number 
of  times  during  the  Winter  on  our  fine 
string  of  seed  corn,  and  1  thought  we  had 
pretty  good  seed  corn.  I  had  read  con¬ 
siderable  about  testing  seed  corn  for  ger¬ 
mination,  so  I  determined  to  test  this.  1 
took  a  tomato-plant  box  and  filled  it  nearly 
.full  of  earth.  I  put  tacks  along  the  edges 
and  stretched  strings  across  the  box  to 
divide  it  into  squares  1%  inches  square.  I 
lettered  it  A,  B,  C  across  one  end  and 
numbered  it  one,  two,  three  down  one  side. 
There  were  just  99  squares,  and  I  planted 


four  kernels  from  one  ear  in  each  square, 
beginning  at  one  end  of  the  pole.  This  was 
March  10.  Then  I  set  it  behind  the  coal 
stove  in  the  living  room  and  watered  it 
well.  I  believe  this  method  is  original,  al¬ 
though  the  principle  is  the  same.  Sawdust 
would  take  the  place  of  earth  in  the  box  if 
it  was  easier  to  obtain.  1  expected  most  of 
the  corn  to  grow'.  Imagine  my  surprise 

when  one  week  later,  March  17,  just  three 
oars  out  of  the  99  showed  four  strong 

sprouts.  A  dozen  or  more  showed  one 

sprout  and  the  rest-  nothing.  1  found  that 

the  three  ears  that  grew  were  the  smallest, 
nearest  to  nubbins  that  there  were  on  the 
pole.  They  would  have  been  discarded  at 
planting  time  had  the  corn  not  been  tested. 
Of  course  these  are  the  only  ones  that  will 
be  used  for  seed,  and  as  they  are  not  suf¬ 
ficient  to  plant  six  acres  we  shall  be 
obliged  to  buy  seed  corn  from  our  neigh¬ 
bors,  dr  send  to  some  seed  house  and  run 
the  risk  of  getting  seed  corn  no  better  than 
our  own.  Yet  we  have  grown  good  crops 
of  corn  before  from  seed  that  was  neither 
tested  nor  hung  up  to  dry,  but  put  in  a  crib 
where  the  snow  blew  on  to  it  all  Winter 
long.  c.  C.  CLEMENT. 

Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y. 


Likes  the  Manure  Spreader. 

I  would  like  to  state  a  few  facts  in 
answer  to  Albert  H.  DeGraff  concerning 
both  sides  of  the  manure  spreader.  We 
have  70-bushel  size,  and  use  it  with  from 
400  to  500  loads  per  year.  I  am  sorry 
that  Mr.  DeGraff  is  so  unfortunate  with  his 
spreader.  We  have  had  our  six  years,  and 
have  never  spent  one  cent  for  repairs.  Some 
men  never  learn  how  to  handle  any  kind  of 
a  machine ;  that  is  why  they  have  so  many 
repair  bills.  Oiling  is  very  important,  and 
should  never  be  neglected  ;  it  saves  horse¬ 
flesh  and  the  spreader  does  not  pull  so 
heavily.  One  week’s  use  will  pay  for  the 
interest ;  one  man  will  do  more  with  the 
spreader  than  two  can  do  by  spreading  with 
the  fork  in  the  old-time  way.  Every  farmer 
here  has  a  spreader,  and  all  are  giving  good 
results.  Spreaders  have  their  faults  same 
as  men,  none  are  perfect.  We  use  three 
horses,  1200  pounds  ;  if  a  field  has  a  little 
down  grade  always  give  the  horses  the  ad¬ 
vantage.  I  am  in  favor  of  a  spreader  just 
as  much  as  I  am  of  a  binder,  and  use  it 
more  than  any  other  machine. 

Maryland.  a.  e.  steelt. 


Planting  Onion  Sets. 

On  page  348  I).  G.  Ib,  of  Smithsburg,  Md., 
inquires  if  it  would  be  all  right  to  sow 
onion  sets  in  small .  furrows  to  avoid  the 
labor  of  sticking  them,  and  the  reply  in¬ 
dicates  that  it  would  be  all  right.  There 
can  be  no  question  but  that  the  bulbs  will 
grow  all  right,  but  to  my  mind  the  method 
would  defeat  its  object,  which  is  to  econo¬ 
mize  labor.  The  onions  would  not  come  up 
in  close  alignment  and  consequently  could 
not  be  worked  nearly  so  close  with  the 
wheel  hoe,  and  would  increase  the  labor  of 
hand  weeding  to  such  an  extent  as  to  far 
outweigh  the  advantage  gained.  However, 
much  can  be  done  to  facilitate  the  work  of 
sticking  the  sets.  My  practice  has  beep  to 
make  a  rather  heavy  hand  marker  with  say 
five  pegs  to  open  furrows  about  1%  inch 


deep.  Then  the  workers  are  required  to 
carry  three  rows,  kneeling  astride  of  the 
middle  one.  They  are  also  required  to  hold 
the  immediate  supply  of  sets  in  one  hand, 
right  by  the  other  hand  with  which  the  sets 
are  placed,  instead  of  reaching  to  the  vessel 
for  each  individual  set.  The  sets  are  sim¬ 
ply  placed  and  no  attempt  made  to  cover ; 
this  work  I  have  found  most  quickly  and 
satisfactorily  done  by  running  over  the 
rows  a  garden  seed  drill  with  seeding  tube 
removed.  The  covering  blades  followed  by 
the  roller  wheel  make  a  fine  job  of  it. 
Probably  nowhere  in  garden  operations 
does  care  in  the  beginning  save  work  later 
to  such  an  extent  as  in  the  onion  bed. 

Florida.  d.  l.  hartman. 


[  CORN  PLANTING  IN  NEW  ENGLAND. 

I  think  that  the  acreage  of  corn  will  be 
slightly  increased  the  coming  season.  Corn 
will  be  planted  mostly  on  regularly  culti¬ 
vated  fields.  The  quantity  of  fertilizer  va¬ 
ries  from  400  to  1,000  pounds  per  acre. 
The  variety  of  corn  is  about  75  per  cent 
yellow  dent,  the  remainder  flint.  H.  h.  k. 

Clinton,  Conn. 

The  corn  acreage  in  this  part  of  Maine 
will  be  largely  increased  this  year.  The 
potato  acreage  will  be  cut  in  two,  and 
corn  and  oats  will  be  planted  instead.  The 
amount  of  a  fertilizer  used  is  about  100 
pounds.  The  small  flint  variety  of  seed  is 
used,  although  some  are  using  the  larger 
kind.  W.  H.  O. 

Lewiston,  Me. 

I  think  there  is  more  corn  being  planted 
in  this  section  year  after  year  than  there 
used  to  be  years  ago.  This  year  1  am  ex¬ 
pecting  to  plant  10  acres,  last  year  I 
planted  five,  the  year  before  about  four.  We 
use  some  fertilizer  of  different  kinds,  also 
all  the  stable  manure,  etc.,  we  make.  Last 
year  1  did  not  use  any  corn  fertilizer  on 
three  acres  of  my  corn  ;  got  better  results, 
too,  with  barnyard  manure.  s.  a.  w. 

Gales  Ferry,  Conn. 

At  the  present  time  it  is  the  calculations 
of  the  farmers  in  this  section  of  Vermont 
to  increase  the  acreage  of  corn  and  plant 
less  potatoes.  The  planting  mostly  will  be 
on  old  meadows.  The  regularly  cultivated 
fields  will  be  sown  to  oats  and  seeded 
down  to  clover  and  Timothy.  They  gen¬ 
erally  use  about  500  pounds  of  fertilizer  to 
the  acre.  The  flint  variety  is  planted 
mostly,  such  as  Longfellow.  J.  l.  b. 

Bennington  Co.,  Vt. 

Last  year  the  acreage  in  corn  was  greatly 
increased  over  former  years,  in  many  cases 
more  than  100  per  cent,  and  I  think  that 
increase  will  be  maintained  the  coming 
season,  although  weather  conditions  may 
have  some  influence  later  on.  Last  year 
results  were  so  satisfactory  that  it  does 
not  seem  probable  that  there  would  be  much 
decrease  this  year.  In  my  own  case  I  in¬ 
creased  my  planting  more  than  100  per  cent, 
and  if  weather  conditions  are  favorable 
■shall  maintain  the  increase  and  possibly 
add  to  it.  Planting  is  confined  to  old  cul¬ 
tivated  fields  that  have  been  in  grass  for 
several  years.  These  fields  are  broken  in 
the  Fall  and  allowed  to  lie  till  Spring,  then 
thoroughly  worked  and  planted  with  corn  ; 
in  many  cases  the  results  are  very  satis¬ 


factory,  but  better  results  can  be  obtained 
by  planting  with  potatoes  or  sowing  grain 
the  first  season,  following  with  corn  the 
next.  The  quantity  of  fertilizer  varies  from 
400  pounds  upwards  according  to  the 
amount  of  stable  manure  applied  and  the 
general  condition  of  the  soil.  As  to  variety 
of  corn,  it  is  flint  entirely,  as  the  dent 
will  not  mature  in  this  section  satisfactor¬ 
ily  ;  the  seasons  are  too  short.  For  silage 
the  standard  varieties  are  used.  In  view  of 
the  large  increase  in  acreage  hist  season,  it 
does  not  seem  as  though  there  would  be  g 
relative  gain  over  last  year  the  coming  sea¬ 
son.  but  we  hope  to  maintain  it,  not  fall 
backwards.  L.  b.  h. 

Ashburnham,  Mass., 


The  following  note  from  “The  Springfield 
Republican”  may  give  some  of  our  western 
readers  an  idea  of  what  New  England  is 
still  doing.  This  report  is  for  Franklin 
Co.,  Mass.  An  acre  of  onions  or  tobacco 
will  represent  the  income  from  at  least  25 
acres  of  corn  or  wheat : 

“Among  those  who  will  have  a  large 
acreage  of  onions  and  tobacco  are  Fred  C. 
Kidder,  55  or  60  acres  of  onions  and  28 
acres  of  tobacco,  and  William  L.  Hubbard, 
60  acres  of  onions  and  12  of  tobacco. 
Charles  F.  Clark  will  have  50  acres  of  to¬ 
bacco  and  onions  together,  but  has  not  de¬ 
cided  what  proportion  of  each  he  will  put 
in.  Cyrus  M.  Hubbard  will  have  25  acres 
of  Cuban  tobacco,  which  he  will  raise  un¬ 
der  cloth.  He  has  had  three  acres  under 
cloth  for  several  years,  and  this  season  will 
put  up  a  tent  over  his  field  on  the  plain 
and  also  on  leased  land  on  the  plain.  While 
the  price  has  gone  up  on  tobacco  cloth, 
wire  is  used  considerably  in  the  construc¬ 
tion  of  the  frame-work  in  place  of  lumber, 
which  reduces  the  cost.” 


Land  In  Maryland. — On  page  233  was  a 
statement  in  regard  to  the  merits  of  Ver¬ 
mont  or  Maryland  land,  saying  that  on  the 
eastern  shore  of  Maryland  land  conld  be 
l>ought  as  low  as  $8  per  acre.  On  page 
405  I  find  a  reply  to  said  article,  stating 
that  you  would  have  to  multiply  the  $S  by 
four  to  six.  and  that  the  writer  must  have 
had  the  prices  of  20  or  25  years  ago.  I 
lived  on  the  eastern  shore  of  Maryland  for 
two  years  ;  just  came  from  there  four  years 
ago,  and  I  know  what  I  am  talking  about. 
I  lived  in  Worcester  County,  close  to  the 
Somerset  County  line.  I  bought  75  acres 
for  $650.  The  man  I  bought  from  had  200 
more  acres  that  he  had  just  bought  for 
$1,000.  As  the  first  writer  states,  the 
buildings  are  poor — and  the  land  is  too.  In 
Worcester,  Somerset  and  Wicomico  Coun¬ 
ties  there  are  plenty  of  farms  to  be  had 
for  from  $5  to  $10  per  acre.  The  two 
branches  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  run 
through  the  best  part  of  the  peninsula,  and 
along  them  many  villages  have  sprung  up, 
and  the  land  is  higher,  but  back  eight  or 
10  miles  from  the  railroad  the  land  is  still 
cheap,  unless  it  is  covered  with  pine  tim¬ 
ber;  then  it  sells  for  about  what  the  timber 
is  worth.  Those  who  live  near  the  rail¬ 
road  do  well  trucking,  raising  strawberries, 
sweet  potatoes,  tomatoes,  etc.  The  great 
drawback  with  the  country  is  lack  of  grass, 
but  cow  peas  are  a  very  good  substitute, 
but  require  more  work.  j.  s.  barnhart. 

Pennsylvania. 


HENDERSON’S 

IMPORTED  CLYDESDALE  OATS 


A  Variety  of  White  Oats  of  Extraordinary  Weight,  Earliness  and  Productiveness, 
the  Natural  Weight  of  Which  is  50  Pounds  to  the  Bushel. 

Since  we  introduced  this  Grand  Oat  it  has  steadily  and  deservedly  gained 
in  popularity,  until  today  it  is  the  most  popular  High-Grade  White  Oat  in 
the  United  States. 

The  climate  of  America  is  unsuited  to  the  production  and  maintenance 
of  the  highest  grade  of  oats,  and  unless  a  heavy  imported  (British)  oat  be 
used  for  seed  purposes  at  least  every  second  or  third  year,  they  become  light, 
“chaffy,”  inferior  in  quality  and  unprofitable.  The  ultimate  financial  benefit 
accruing  to  the  American  farmers  by  the  annual  distribution  of  several  thou¬ 
sand  bushels  of  Henderson’s  Clydesdale  Oats  cannot  be  overestimated.  These 
oats  weigh  naturally  50  lbs.  per  measured  bushel,  and  they  deteriorate  in 
weight  only  from  three  to  four  lbs.  each  year  they  are  grown  here,  so  that 
the  produce  is  worth  for  seed  purposes  at  least  double  the  market  value  of 
ordinary  oats. 

No  other  oat  can  show  such  a  record — 75  to  100  bushels  per  acre,  and 
double  the  usual  quantity  of  straw.  We  offer  these  oats  for  sale  at  the  weight 
of  50  lbs.  per  bushel,  exactly  as  grown  for  us  in  Britain,  so  that  those  pur¬ 
chasing  will  actually  receive  for  every  bushel  over  one  and  one-half  bushels 
according  to  the  American  standard,  which  reduces  the  price  of  “The  Clydes¬ 
dale”  to  $1.47  per  standard  bushel  of  32  lbs.  Another  most  important  advan¬ 
tage  of  Henderson’s  Clydesdale  Oats  to  the  farmer  is  the  fact  that  they  have 
been  thoroughly  cleaned  by  the  latest  and  most  improved  machinery,  and  are 
absolutely  free  from  foreign  and  weed  seeds.  (See  cut.)  Price  (imported), 
75c.  per  peck;  $2.50  per  bushel  (of  50  lbs.)  Or  we  will  supply  3  bushels  (150 
lbs.)  the  quantity  to  seed  an  acre,  for  $7.30;  10-bushel  lots,  $2.40  per  bushel; 
100-bushel  lots,  $2.30  per  bushel  (of  50  lbs.) 

Genuine  ONLY  When  Direct  From  Us 

In  the  Ohio  Farmer ,  Mr.  J.  T.  Hickman  of  the  Ohio  Experiment  Station, 
tells  how  samples  of  Henderson’s  Imported  Clydesdale  Oats,  and  Clydesdale 
Oats  procured  from  other  sources,  were  grown  together  in  a  series  of  experi¬ 
ments  and  resulted  greatly  in  favor  of  Henderson’s  Clydesdale.  The  average 
yield  of  Henderson’s  Clydesdale  was  nine  bushels  per  acre  ahead  of  the  others. 

HENDERSON’S 

AMERICAN  GROWN  CLYDESDALE  OATS 

In  order  to  give  Henderson’s.  Clydesdale  a  still  wider  distribution  and 
make  their  value  universally  known,  and  to  enable  us  to  offer  them  at  a  price 
within  the  reach  of  every  farmer,  we  have  had  several  thousand  bushels 
specially  grown  for  11s  in  Northern  New  York  during  the  past  year  (from  im¬ 
ported  seed).  These  we  have  thoroughly  recleaned,  and  are  extra  choice  and 
heavy,  free  from  all  foul  seeds  and  light  and  imperfect  grains.  We  are  within 
the  mark  when  we  say  that  these  oats  will  yield  under  ordinary  cultivation  70 
to  80  bushels  per  acre,  and  under  favorable  circumstances  100  bushels  pei  acre 
can  reasonably  be  expected. 

Price  (American  grown),  $1.40  per  bushel  (32  lbs.);  10-bushels  lots,  $1.35 
per  bushel;  100-bushel  lots,  $1.30  per  bushel. 


OUR  ANNUAL  FARM  MANUAL 

A  Complete  Catalogue  of  Farm  Seeds,  Mailed  Postpaid  on  Application 


PETER  HENDERSON  &  CO,  35-37  Cortlandt  St,  New  York 


'fHE  RURAL  NEW -YORKER 


40  a 


1911. 

QUESTIONS  ABOUT  TILE  DRAINAGE. 

J.  K.,  Elma  Center,  N.  Y. — I  intend  to  do 
extensive  tiling  next  Spring.  My  farm  lies 
on  a  slight  elevation  from  north  to  south, 
with  a  few  depressions  running  from  south¬ 
east  to  northwest.  My  soil  is  a  black 
gravelly  loam,  from  eight  to  12  inches 
deep,  with  a  very  hard  clay  for  subsoil.  I 
intend  to  use  three-inch  tile  with  four-inch 
mains.  How  far  would  you  advise  to  lay 
the  rows  of  tile?  Would  you  advise  run¬ 
ning  them  north  and  south  or  east  and 
west?  Almost  all  the  water  has  to  empty 
out  on  the  northwest  corner  to  prevent  the 
water  from  emptying  on  my  neighbor's  land. 
Would  the  three-inch  tile  be  sufficient  for 
the  upper  main?  I  intend  to  put  two-inch 
tile  in  a  grape  patch,  one  row  of  tile  be¬ 
tween  two  rows  of  grapes.  Will  that  be 
advisable,  using  concrete  tile? 

Ans. — It  is  desirable  to  place  the 
mains  in  the  depressions  and  run  their 
laterals  parallel  with  the  steepest  slope 
of  the  land.  This  economizes  grade  and 
also  places  the  drains  where  they  will 
draw  an  equal  distance  from  each  side. 
Three-inch  tile  are  all  right  for  laterals 
that  have  a  grade  of  not  less  than  .40 
of  a  foot  to  the  100.  There  are  a  few 
factors  to  be  considered  in  determining 
the  size  of  the  main  drains  for  which 
the  inquirer  gives  no  data,  chief  of 
which  in  this  case  is  the  area  of  land 
to  be  drained  and  the  available  fall. 
The  effect  of  the  grade  on  the  capacity 
of  a  drain  may  be  seen  when  we  learn 
that  a  five-inch  main  laid  to  a  grade 
of  three  inches  in  100  feet  will  remove 
the  drainage  water  from  only  25  acres  of 
land,  whereas  the  same  main  if  given  a 
grade  of  six  inches  to  the  100  feet  will 
carry  the  drainage  water  from  32  acres. 
These  facts  and  figures  may  help  the 
inquirer  to  fit  the  tile  to  the  area  to 
be  drained.  It  is  a  matter  of  the  great¬ 
est  economy  to  make  a  survey  of  a 
project  before  making  estimates  for  tile 
or  digging  any  ditches;  leveling  is  inex¬ 
pensive  as  compared  with  moving  earth 
and  stone.  If  the  soil  below  eight 
inches  or  a  foot  is  an  impervious  clay, 
the  drains  should  be  about  35  feet  apart. 
In  regard  to  the  vineyard,  unless  the 
rows  of  grapes  are  an  unusual  dis¬ 
tance  apart  it  will  be  unnecessary  to 
have  a  drain  between  each  two  rows,  as 
two  rods  is  considered  about  the  mini¬ 
mum  distance  at  which  it  is  ever  neces¬ 
sary  to  place  drains  for  ordinary  farm 
crops,  and  we  of  the  “Chautauqua  belt-’ 
find  the  Concord  grape  doing  well  on 
land  that  would  require  better  drainage 
for  some  of  our  other  crops.  I  think 
three  inches  small  enough  to  be  adopted 
as  the  minimum  size  for  tile  drains. 

j.  f.  v.  s. 


A  “  LIVING  ”  ON  A  FARM. 

The  letter  from  “Veritas”  ou  page  307 
shows  very  clearly  the  difficulties  iu  the 
way  of  the  city  man  who  would  farm.  I 
could  tell  a  longer,  sadder  story  than 
his  in  some  respects,  for  I  was  younger  and 
put  into  my  farm  more  years  of  unintelli¬ 
gent  effort  and  more  capital.  But  I  won't, 
for  It  is  too  bad  to  discourage  anyone 
who  desires  the  independence  and  happiness 
we  have  found  on  the  farm.  If  the  city 
man  will  take  his  .$2,000  only  a  little 
way  out  of  the  town,  just  a  few  miles  from 
the  railroad,  he  can  make  it  go  much 
farther.  Every  cent  the  prospective  farmer 
thinks  his  accessibility  gains  for  him  on 
produce  is  likely  to  be  balanced  by  larger 
prices  for  the  things  he  must  buy.  We 
can  got  so  much  more  in  our  hill  country 
for  $2,000  than  he  did — a  hundred  acres 
and  passable  buildings  thrown  in,  a  cow 
and  horses,  and  still  have  enough  to  buy 
some  food  for  a  few  years — and  the  land 
here  grows  clover,  without  liming,  for  hu¬ 
mus  and  nitrogen  in  the  soil,  the  woods 
furnish  fuel  and  lumber,  and  the  climate 
will  produce  almost  all  that  men  and 
animals  need  to  eat.  Any  land  at  $10  an 
acre  will  produce  good  fodder  for  cow  and 
horses  the  first  season  plowed.  Even  drier, 
sandier  soils  near  the  big  New  England 
towns  ought  to  produce  the  feed  for  ani¬ 
mals  in  iess  than  five  years. 

But  iu  handling  soil  the  city  man  is 
inclined  to  make  mistakes.  Growing  crops 
from  any  soil  requires  knowledge  that 
cannot  be  gained  from  reading  alone.  The 
problems  of  the  small  farmer  have  been 
studied  more  in  the  years  we  have  been 
farming  than  ever  before,  and  the  city 
man  to-day  has  only  to  ask  questions  of 
The  It.  N.-Y.,  the  State  experiment  station 
or  the  United  States  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture  to  receive  help  that  would  have 


saved  us  and  “Veritas”  much  hard  sled¬ 
ding.  Only  the  other  day  I  saw  a  helpful 
letter  from  a  United  States  expert  to  a 
man  who  wants  a  farm  in  our  neighborhood, 
and  I  exclaimed,  “Do  you  realize  what  it 
means  to  be  told  those  things?  If  we 
had  had  such  a  letter  as  that  in  any  of 
our  first  five  years,  we  might  have  been 
spared  a  lot  of  trouble !”  So  we  tell  the 
city  folks  who  want  to  farm  to  ask  ques¬ 
tions  and  follow  the  advice  of  exports — not 
rule-of-thumb  farmers — and  any  soil  in  New 
York  or  New  England  will  provide  a  living 
in  less  than  five  years. 

When  I  say  “a  living”  I  mean  the  where¬ 
withal  to  keep  bodies  and  souls  in  good 
condition.  I  do  not  mean  money  with 
which  to  buy  the  hundred  and  one  things 
city  folks  think  they  must  have.  I  be¬ 
lieve  that  a  man  beginning'  to  farm  must 
start  on  a  small  scale,  trying  at  first  to 
grow  only  such  things  as  the  people  and 
animals  on  the  place  can  eat.  A  small 
garden  and  a  little  fodder  for  the  cow 
might  be  all  the  first  year,  or  until  the 
land  is  brought  up  into  a  condition  to  grow 
crops.  But  for  a  man  unused  to  farming  to 
try  to  grow  for  market  produce  or  stock 
is  to  undertake  a  new  business.  To  suc¬ 
ceed  takes  knowledge  or  capital  or  great 
strength,  or  all  of  these.  I  found  that  by 
wearing  clothes  until  they  were  gone,  no 
hardship  in  a  country  community,  and  by 
raising  every  kind  of-  food  that  Will  grow 
here,  I  can  cut  down  expenditures  to  such 
a  small  figure  that  I  do  not  have  to  risk 
revenue  or  energy  to  raise  a  big  cash  crop. 
While  learning  to  grow  our  own  food,  we 
have  learned  to  cultivate  our  land,  and 
by  following  the  advice  of  those  who  know, 
we  are  making  that  land  much  more  pro¬ 
ductive  than  we  thought  possible  in  our 
earlier  years.  When  we  are  asked  if  others 
can  go  on  to  a  New  England  farm  and  live 
as  happy  and  free  as  we,  my  answer  must 
always  be,  "You  can,  but  will  you?”  It  all 
depends  upon  the  man  and  woman.  If  they 
are  young  they  can  do  anything,  but  if 
they  are  older  we  would  say,  with  “Veri¬ 
tas,”  a  small  annuity  is  a  safeguard  if  not 
a  necessity.  Yet,  if  a  man  is  older  he  has 
learned  enough  of  men  and  of  books  to 
lie  satisfied  with  a  more  isolated  life  on 
better  land.  So  I  tell  our  would-be  farmer 
friends  to  put  away  a  portion  of  their  cap¬ 
ital  to  use  for  food  bills  until  the  farm 
Is  producing  something,  and  take  the  re¬ 
mainder  far  enough  from  the  high-priced 


land  to  buy  a  home,  and  the  small  farm 
will  surely  yield  a  “living”  in  a  short  time. 
Orange  County,  Vt.  back-to-tiie-land. 


Trouble  with  Raspberries. 

1.  Why  do  strong  new  shoots  of  the 
Gregg  raspberry,  after  growing  from  one  to 
three  feet,  turn  black  at  the  tip,  gradually 
extending  down  to  the  ground  when  the 
shoot  withers  and  dies?  2.  What  will  ex¬ 
terminate  a  pest  of  slugs,  also  small  round 
worms  which  eat  into  roots,  carrots,  tur¬ 
nips,  etc.?  A.  A.  A. 

Greenfield,  Mass. 

1.  The  Gregg  raspberry  has  long  been  a 
popular  and  well-known  variety,  and  was 
long  considered  the  best  black  raspberry  to 
plant  for  a  market  berry,  but  has  been 
dropped  from  the  list  of  market  varieties 
by  most  growers  because  it  was  subject  to 
attacks  of  the  anthracnose  and  blight  of 
the  young  canes.  The  complaint  of  A.  A.  A. 
is  a  common  one  about  the  Gregg.  When 
growing  in  a  s.rong  rich  soil  or  where  too 
much  nitrogen  has  been  used,  then  the 
canes  make  a  strong  rapid  growth  which  is 
subject  to  blight,  which  acts  much  like 
twig  blight  on  the  young  growth  of  apples, 
only  the  color  is  darker  on  the  raspberry 
canes,  it  being  black,  and  gradually  works 
downward,  sometimes  killing  the  canes  to 
the  ground.  On  thin  or  poor  soil  with  less 
nitrogen  and  more  potash  and  phosphoric 
acid,  this  blight  is  not  so  prevalent,  but 
the  Gregg  is  not  a  profitable  variety  to 
grow  on  poor  soils.  The  Cumberland  is 
a  large  berry,  and  gives  general  satisfac¬ 
tion  where  the  Gregg  does  not.  Avoid 
nitrogenous  manures — use  phosphoric  acid 
and  potash,  getting  the  phosphorus  from 
the  acid  rock,  and  cultivate  just  enough 
to  bring  out  the  fruit  crop  the  coming 
year,  if  you  want  to  keep  your  Gregg,  and 
with  less  growth  the  blight  will  decrease. 

2.  If  by  slugs  is  meant  the  soft  slug-like 
rose  or  pear  slug,  then  very  dry  dust,  air- 
slaked  lime  or  tobacco  dust  thrown  on  them 
by  hand  or  blown  through  a  bellows — any 
way  to  come  directly  in  contact  with  them 
—will  kill  such  leaf-eating  slugs.  They  are 
as  a  rule  on  the  under  part  of  the  leaves- 
and  care  must  be  taken  to  get  the  dust 
application  to  come  in  contact  with  and  if 
possible  cover  them.  It  may  be  possible 
that  wireworms  eat  the  carrots  and  tur¬ 
nips.  as  A.  A.  A.  describes  them  as  being 
a  small  round  worm  and  if  so  there  is  no 
cure  for  them,  except  plowing  the  ground 
late  in  the  Fall  or  early  Winter,  but  I 
have  never  found  much  benefit  from  such 
treatment,  or  any  other,  for  the  wire- 
worm.  Insect  pests  that  work  under  the 
ground  are  hard  to  control,  and  nature 
seems  to  have  dealt  with  them  as  with 
other  things,  by  abating  or  destroying 
them  after  they  have  run  a  certain  course. 
A  clean  cultivation  is  the  best  preventive. 

E.  S.  BLACK. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Tiie 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


A  GOOD 
FOUNDATION 

Is  as  necessary  in  a  coat  as  in  a  build¬ 
ing.  No  matter  how  well  your  coat 
fits  when  new,  it  will  soon  wrinkle  and  * 
sag  unless  the  inner  construction  is 
right. 

_  The  illustration  shows  the  founda¬ 
tion  on  which  Woodhull,  Goodale  & 
Bull  Coats  are  made.  It  is  guaranteed 
to  give  them  PERFECT  and  PERMA¬ 
NENT  FIT.  There  are  a  lot  of  other 
reasons  why  our  clothes  fit  and  wear 
well.  Better  investigate  before  you 
buy  your  next  suit  or  overcoat. 

Send  for  our  FREE  Style  Book. 


Manufacturers  of  all 
kinds  of  fruit  baskets 
and  crates.  Write  for 
Catalogue  and  Price 
List. 

WEBSTER  BASKET  COMPANY, 
Box  431.  Webster.  Monroe  Co..  N.  Y. 


Tires  10 %  Oversize 

25%  More  Mileage — No  Extra  Cost 

If  you  buy  tires  for  an  automobile,  let  us  explain  how  to  cut  the 
cost  half — as  tens  of  thousands  are  doing. 


The  tires  which  we  tell  of — Good¬ 
year  No-Rim-Cut  tires — are  now  the 
sensation  of  motordom. 

Last  year  our  tire  sales  trebled — 
jumped  to  $8,500,000  —  because  we 
controlled  these  tires. 

This  year  64  leading  motor  car 
makers  have  contracted  for  them. 
They  outsell  our  clincher  tires  six 
to  one. 

And  these  are  the  reasons: 

No  Overloading 

About  25  per  cent  of  the  average 
tire  cost  is  due  to  overloading. 

The  tire  size  is  adapted  to  the  car 
when  stripped.  But  when  you  add 
extras— -top,  glass  front,  gas  tank, 
extra  tire,  etc.— the  tires  have  too 
much  weight.  And  you  overload 
them  otherwise  frequently. 

The  result  is  a  blowout. 

Goodyear  No -Rim -Cut  tires,  to 
take  care  of  these  extras,  are  made 
10  per  cent  oversize.  The  rim  flanges 
flare  outward  when  you  use  this  tire, 
so  this  extra  size  is  possible. 

Wo  supply  this  extra  size  at  no 
extra  cost.  That  means  10  per  cent 
more  air,  and  air  carries  the  load.  It 
means  10  per  cent  greater 
carrying  capacity.  It  means, 
with  the  average  car,  25  per 
cent  additional  mileage  per 
tire. 

You  get  the  same  result  as 
though  you  paid  for  a  10  per 
cent  larger  tire. 

No  Rim-Cutting 

Then  these  patented  tires 
end  the  damage  of  rim-cutting. 


Other  tires  are  ruined  when  you  run 
them  flat.  Rim-cutting,  on  the  average, 
adds  one-fourth  to  one's  tire  bills. 

Note  the  picture  below. 


The  No-Rim-Cut  Tire 

This  tire  is  fitted  on  a  Universal  rim— 
the  standard  rim  now  adopted  by  nearly 
r.ll  motor  car  makers.  But  tlio  tire  fits 
any  rim. 

The  removable  rim  flanges  are  simply 
set  to  turn  outward,  instead  of  inward, 
as  with  the  old-type  tires. 

The  tire,  when  deflated,  comes  against 
a  rounded  edge.  You  can  see  why  rim- 
cutting  never  occurs. 

Ordinary  Clincher  Tire 

With  ordinary  tires  these  removable 
rim  flanges  are  set  to  curve  inward,  to 
grasp  hold  of  the  hooks  in  the  tire. 

That’s  how  the  tire  is  held  on. 


Note  how  those  thin  edges  dig  into 
the  tire.  That  is  what  ruins  a  tire- 
in  a  moment — when  puncture  makes 
it  flat. 

How  We  Avoid  It 

In  the  base  of  our  tire  we  vulcanize 
126  braided  wires.  That  makes  the 
tire  base  unstretchable.  It  can’t  be 
stretched  over  the  rim  flange— can’t 
be  forced  off— until  you  remove  the 
flange. 

When  this  tire  is  inflated  the 
braided  wires  contract.  The  tire  is 
then  held  to  the  rim  bya  pressure  of 
134  pounds  to  the  inch. 

That’s  why  the  hooks  are  unnecessary. 
That’s  why  the  rim  flanges  don't  need  to 
dig  into  the  tire. 

This  feature  Is  controlled  by  our  pat¬ 
ents.  And  there  is  no  other  feature  ever 
invented  which  makes  a  practical  tire  of 
this  sort. 

Tire  Book  Free 


Goodyear 


We  have  sold  enough  of  these 
tires  to  equip  over  100,000  cars. 
The  demand  has  become  over¬ 
whelming.  You  should  know 
the  reasons  if  you  own  a  car. 

They  are  told  and  pictured  in 
our  Tire  book  in  a  clear,  convinc¬ 
ing  way.  Let  us  mail  it  to  you. 
Write  us  a  postal  for  it.  :i 

You  will  insist  on  tires  which 
cut  upkeep  cost  half  when  you 
know  the  facts  ahout  them. 


THE  GOODYEAR  TIRE  &  RUBBER  COMPANY,  59th  Street,  Akron,  Ohio 

Branches  and  Agencies  in  All  the  Principal  Cities  We  Make  All  Sorts  of  Rubber  Tires 


(300) 


46-5: 


THE  RURAL*  NEW-YORKER 


April  8, 


LIME-SULPHUR  AND  LEAD  ARSENATE. 

My  experience  in  spraying  peJich  trees 
with  lime  and  sulphur,  when  in  foliage, 
is  limited ;  in  fact,  so  much  so,  as  to  be 
of  little  value.  The  past  season  is  the 
first  I  have  used  it  as  a  substitute  for 
Bordeaux  in  general  spraying.  Sweet 
and  sour  cherries  sprayed  with  a 
standard  concentrate  diluted  one  to  50 
aivd  three  pounds  of  arsenate  of  lead 
added  showed  no  injury  whatever.  This 
spraying  was  for  curculio.  At  the  same 
time  I  experimentally  sprayed  a  few 
peach  trees  with  the  same  strength,  and 
saw  no  injury.  I  would  hesitate  about 
using  concentrated  lime  and  sulphur 
solution  largely  on  peaches  in  foliage  un¬ 
less  it  was  diluted  pretty  well.  I  think 
I  would  make  it  one  to  100  until  I  was 
satisfied  I  could  use  it  stronger.  We 
all  realize  that  peach  foliage  is  tender — 
some  varieties  more  than  others.  I 
should  not  look  for  any  injury  from 
arsenate  of  lead  if  applied  in  reasonable 
amount,  say  three  pounds  to  50  gallons 
of  mixture.  I  have  used  arsenate  of 
lead  for  a  number  of  years,  and  I  have 
yet  to  see  any  injury  to  tree  or  foliage 
from  its  use.  I  have  experimentally 
used  six  pounds  to  50  gallons  of 
Bordeaux  on  the  pear  without  trace  of 
injury.  j.  r.  Cornell. 

Orange  County,  N.  Y. 

Spray  Mixture  On  Hog  Pasture. 

E.  A.  B.,  Berrien  Springs,  Mich. — I  have 
an  old  apple  orchard  which  has  been  used 
for  perhaps  30  years  as  a  hog  pasture,  and 
that  has  produced  almost  invariably  very 
fine  apples.  Now  it  is  becoming  infested 
with  scale,  and  I  am  dishorning  it,  and  will 
spray  it  with  lime-sulphur  and  later,  after 
bloom  falls,  with  same  diluted  and  contain¬ 
ing  arsenate  of  lead.  Will  the  amount  of 
poison  on  weeds,  grass,  etc.,  be  sufficient 
to  injure  hogs? 

Ans. — No.  There  will  not  be  likely 
to  be  any  trouble  with  the  hogs.  To  be 
on  the  safe  side  keep  the  hogs  out  for  a 
few  days  after  spraying,  or  until  after  a 
rain. 

THE  POTATO  MARKET  AND  “QUALITY.” 

On  page  373  in  the  market  report  we 
read  “Potatoes  are  still  lower,  the  market 
being  crowded  with  large  quantities  of  poor 
stock."  Again  on  page  379  is  an  article 
under  the  heading,  “Potatoes  too  Large.” 
I  firmly  believe  that  herein  lies  the  trouble, 
to  a  great  extent  w'ith  the  potato  market, 
overgrown  stock  and  poor  quality.  The  de¬ 
mand  for  potatoes  has  been  somewhat  akin 
to  the  demand  for  milk,  something  cheap 
regardless  of  quality,  and  in  order  to  meet 
this  demand  potato  growers  have  had  to 
resort  to  the  heavy  yielding  varieties  re¬ 
gardless  of  quality,  and  now  the  “ultimate 
consumer”  is  like  the  boy  who  had  eaten 
a  dozen  pancakes,  and  when  he  was  asked 
to  have  more  replied  that  he  did  not  want 
what  he  had  already.  It  seems  to  be  im¬ 
possible  to  get  a  potato  that  will  yield 
enough  to  make  a  profitable  crop  and  at 
the  same  time  be  of  good  quality.  The 
great  majority  of  our  potatoes  as  grown 
to-day  are  not  fit  to  eat.  Years  ago,  when 
we  had  the  Burbank,  Snowflake,  Rose  and 
others  of  the  same  quality,  people  would 
eat  of  them  cooked  in  any  manner,  but 
to-day  with  the  overgrown,  coarse,  soggy 
stuff  a  man  has  to  have  a  pretty  good 
appetite  to  get  them  down,  no  matter  how 
cooked.  The  market  demands  a  round  po¬ 
tato  ;  it  also  demands  a  red  apple,  and  no 
question  is  asked  regarding  the  quality.  A 
Baldwin  or  a  Ben  Davis  will  sell  better 
than  others  of  far  better  quality,  but 
lighter  in  color.  For  the  best  interests  of 
the  producer  as  well  as  the  consumer  a 
campaign  of  education  should  be  inaugu¬ 
rated,  the  same  as  is  now  being  done  with 
the  milk  question.  The  “ultimate  con¬ 
sumer,”  the  protege  of  President  Taft,  must 
be  taught  that  he  cannot  get  something  for 
nothing,  and  with  potatoes  as  with  milk,  if 
they  want  better  quality  they  must  pay  the 
producer  so  that  he  can  afford  to  produce 
it.  It  is  a  good  deal  easier  to  grow  potatoes 
that  mil  not  be  too  large  than  it  is  to  grow 
them  always  of  the  best  quality.  There 
are  three  things  that  affect  the  size  of  the 
potatoes,  in  the  order  of  importance; 
amount  of  seed  planted,  distance  apart  in 
the  row  and  fertility,  the  different  varieties 
of  potatoes  show  a  wide  variation  in  this 
respect;  some  will  not  produce  any  little 
ones  and  some  produce  nothing  else.  The 
worst  kind  in  this  respect  with  us  is  the 
Irish  Daisy.  No  amount  of  fertility  or 
care  in  planting  that  we  could  give  would 
induce  this  kind  to  grow  even  as  large  as 
a  good-sized  hen’s  egg.  It  will  set  from 
20  up  to  100  in  a  hill,  and  if  they  could 
be  made  to  grow  to  a  decent  size  a  record- 


breaking  crop  could  be  grown.  The  Mag¬ 
num  Bonum,  a  kind  we  grew  years  ago,  I 
believe  goes  to  the  other  extreme,  often 
weighing  from  2%  to  3  pounds,  and  no 
little  ones.  If  your  reader  who  is  troubled 
with  large  potatoes  will  plant  them  closer 
or  plant  more  seed  to  the  acre,  or  both, 
he  will  not  be  troubled  with  so  many  large 
ones,  but  he  should  remember  that  the 
closer  he  plants  and  the  more  seed  he  uses 
the  more  fertilizer  he  must  use. 

c.  I.  HUNT. 

R.  N.-Y. — Some  of  our  customers  demand 
a  long,  narrow  potato.  They  claim  the 
round,  thick  ones  are  more  likely  to  prove 
hollow  hearted.  The  big  restaurants  ac¬ 
tually  ask  for  “soggy”  potatoes,  as  part  of 
their  trade,  since  these  make  the  best 
“French  fried.”  Where  potatoes  are  sold 
at  wholesale,  as  most  large  crops  are,  how 
does  Mr.  Hunt  figure  that  the  grower  is 
paid  for  high  quality? 


BEN  DAVIS  POINTS  A  MORAL. 

The  following  is  Walt  Mason’s  opinion  of 
the  Ben  Davis  apple,  which  I  thought  pos¬ 
sibly  some  of  your  Ben  Davis  admirers 
might  find  interesting : 

“The  Ben  Davis  apple  is  lovely  in  hue, 
it  seems  to  invite  you  to  step  up  and  chew. 
It's  pretty  and  shapely,  its  profile  is  fine — 
but  I  do  not  long  for  Ben  Davis  in  mine. 
To  eat  a  Ben  Davis  is  wasting  your  time ; 
it  tastes  like  a  mattress  and  drives  you  to 
crime.  I  ate  a  Ben  Davis  when  I  was 
quite  young,  and  now  I  recall  it  whenever 
I'm  stung.  It  taught  me  a  lesson,  a  lesson 
I  prize,  it  sharpened  my  wolf-teeth  and 
opened  my  eyes.  And  now  when  a  faker 
comes  up  to  my  door,  to  sell  me  some  stock 
in  a  mine  full  of  ore,  I  think  of  Ben  Davis, 
and  say  to  him  ‘Nix,’  and  tell  him  to  van¬ 
ish  and  pelt  him  with  bricks.  And  when  I 
encounter  an  oily-tongued  jay,  too  sweet 
and  too  gracious  for  man  made  of  clay, 
professing  affection  approaching  to  love,  I 
think  of  Ben  Davis,  and  give  him  a  shove. 
1  read  in  the  magazine  pages  of  men  who'd 
make  us  all  wealthy,  again  aud  again ; 
they're  brokers  or  dealers  in  moonshine  and 
mist — just  send  them  two  bucks  and  they’ll 
mail  you  a  list!  Their  glittering  spiels  don't 
appeal  to  my  wits ;  I  think  of  Ben  Davis, 
and  throw  a  few  fits.” 

Philadelphia,  Fa.  D.  w.  b. 

Corn  in  Checks  or  Hills. 

Does  check  corn  make  better  yields  than 
unchecked,  both  worked  the  same  number 
of  times?  J.  p.  n. 

Gordonsville,  Va. 

We  get  a  large  yield  when  the  corn  is 
in  checks  or  hills  about  three  stalks  to  the 
hill.  This  means  about  the  same  number 
of  stalks  to  the  acre  as  when  drilled  and 
the  cross  working  helps. 

Birds  Eat  Chestnut  Bloom. 

I  have  a  few  Paragon  chestnut  trees  in 
my  yard  bearing,  but  got  no  nuts  the  last 
two  years.  Robin  Redbreast  and  the  oriole 
eat  the  leaves  and  blossoms.  The  law  is 
against  killing  them.  I  like  their  music, 
but  like  the  nuts,  too.  b.  w.  s. 

Campbellstown,  Pa. 

It  is  true  that  “music  hath  charms,”  but 
it  does  not  take  the  place  of  nuts  and 
fruit.  The  only  thing  you  can  do  in  such 
a  case  is  to  cover  the  trees  with  netting 
such  as  is  used  by  fishermen  in  salt  water. 

Cinders  and  Fence  Wire. 

Will  coal  cinders  spread  along  or  be¬ 
side  galvanized  wire  fencing  in  making 
paths  and  drives  cause  the  fence  to  rust 
and  rot?  Several  different  persons  have 
told  me  that  galvanized  fencing  will  rot  in 
four  or  five  years  when  cinders  are  placed 
near  it.  I  have  seen  the  fences  in  ques¬ 
tion  and  they  are  badly  rusted.  I  should 
like  to  have  the  opinion  of  some  authority 
on  the  subject.  J.  c.  G. 

West  Lafayette,  Ind. 

We  doubt  if  the  cinders  wall  make  any 
difference,  but  we  would  like  experience 
from  anyone  who  has  seen  them  used. 


DIBBLE’S  SEED  CORN 

Hardy  Northern  Grown  Pedigree  Stock  of  High 
Germination ,  Testing  From  94%  to  98% 

Dibble's  Mammoth  Yellow  Flint—  Earliest 

and  best  large  Flint  corn  grown. 

Dibble's  Early  Yellow  Dent— Earliest  large 
growing  yellow  Dent  for  ensilage  where  seasons  are 
short. 

Dibble's  Improved  Learning— Two  weeks 

earlier  than  standard  Learning.  The  ideal  ensilage 
corn  for  the  Middle  and  Eastern  States. 

Samples  and  Catalog  Free.  Plenty  of 

SEED  POTATOES  AND  OATS 

still  on  hand.  Ask  for  the  last  Special  Price  List.  Address : 


C  niDRIC  SEEOGROWER 

I  i  LEI  DDlL  Box  B  Honeoye  Falls ,  N.  Y, 


ALFALFA 

All  Northern  grown,  guaranteed  to  be  99  percent 
’pure  and  free  from  dodder.  Write  for  free  sample 
on  which  we  invito  you  to  get  Government  tests. 
This  seed  should  produce  hay  at  *60  per  acre 
annually.  Free  instructions  on  growing. 

GRAIN  AND  GRASS  SEED 

Northern  grown  and  of  strongest  vitality.  We 
handle  export  grade  only  and  can  iurnish  grass  mix¬ 
ture  suitable  for  any  soils. 

MFI  II  ATIIO  best  soil  restorer 
I  I  BJ  ^  known,  an  excellent 
*'*  •  “  ■  *"  ■  w  preparation  for  Al¬ 

falfa.  We  havo  purchased  large  stocks  of  choice 
Beed  at  so  reasonable  a  price  that  we  can  retail  at 
ordinary  wholesalers’  prices.  Write  for  free  catalog, 

THE  WING  SEED  COMPANY 

BOX  733  MECHANICSBURG,  OHIO. 


lO  OOO  kernels  of 

IUjVUU  Selected 
FERTILE  SEEDS  for  IOC 

1  OOO  Celery 

I OO  Parsley 
t  BOO  Rutabaga 
1  OOO  Carrot 
t  OO  Melon 

1200  Brilliant  Flower  Seeds,  50  sorts 
Any  one  of  these  packages  is  worth 
t  -.e  price  we  ask  for  the  whole 
10,000  kernels  to  start  with.  It  is 
i  merely  our  way  of  letting  you  test 
*  our  seed  — proving  to  you  how 
mighty  good  they  are. 

Send  16  cents  in  stamps  to-day  and 
we  will  send  you  this  great  collection  of  seeds  by 
return  mail.  We’ll  also  mail  you  absolutely  free 
our  great  catalog  for  1911  — all  postpaid. 

JOHN  A.  SALZER  SEED  CO., 

I  1  44  South  8th  Street,  LaCrosso,  WIs. 


ONION  SEED 


Black-Eyed  Peas,  $11.00  bushel. 

JOSEPH  E.  HOLLAND 


50,000  ASPARAGUS  PLANTS 

Grown  from  seed  saved  from  most  profitable  field 
in  Middle  Delaware.  Owing  to  press  of  other  work 
cannot  use  them.  Offer  for  sale  at  $2.00  per  M . 

S.  H.  DliKIJY  &  CO.  .  .  Woodside,  Del. 

STRAWBERRY  AND  Leading  varieties.  Catalog  free. 
RASPBERRY  PLANTS  BERT  BAKER,  Iloosiek  Fulls,  X.  Y. 

STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  only  $1.50  &  $1.75  per  1000.  IUus. 
Catalogue  Free.  S.  A.  VIItDIN,  Har.ly,  Del. 

STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  for  Business.  Fancy 
Berries.  That’s  what  talks.  Leading  varieties. 
Catalogue  free.  D.  M.  TEETER,  Belleville,  Ohio. 

STRAWBERRY  PLANTS— New  and  old  varieties.  Send 
for  new  Ulus.  Catalogue  for  1911.  Prices  from 
$1.50  per  1,000  up.  DAVID  ROD  WAY,  Hartly,  Del. 

^tlflU/hOTrU  Plante  °*  tlie  Best  Varieties. 
OlldnUClIy  ridlllo  Descriptive  Catalogue 
Free.  BASIL  PERU Y,  D.  18,  Cool  Spring,  Del. 


FflR  Q  A I  F — 50.000  Strawberry,  20,000  Lneretia 
I  Uil  OHLL  Dew-berry,  20,000  Grapevines.  Send 
for  price  list.  JOHN  CASAZZA,  Vineland,  N,  J. 


of  the  Highest 
G  ermina  tion 

Yellow  Danvers,  Yellow  Globe  Danvers,  Australian 
Brown,  Southport  Yeliofr  Glol>e,  $1.00  lb.  Large  Bed 
Wethersfield,  l'rizetaker.  $1.10  11).  Postpaid. 

ONION  SETS. — Fancy  Yellow  Danvers,  Eastern  Grown, 
$2.00  bushel.  .  ,  .  „  _ 

Write  for  Catalog  aud  Free  trial  pkt.  of  New  Enk- 
buizen  Glory  Cabbagy. 

J.  AUG.  DRAKE,  Seedsman 
100  Main  Street,  -  -  Chester,  N.  J. 

reen  nATC  Sensation  yielded  96 L  bus.  per 
OttU  OHIO  acre  on  25  acres.  Best  oats  in  cul¬ 
tivation.  Largest  grain,  stiffest  straw,  and  almost 
as  heavy  as  wheat.  Try  tiiem  this  season  and  double 
your  yield.  It  will  be  the  best  investment  you  ever 
made.  Sample  and  catalogue  free. 

THKO.  BURT  &  SONS  .  .  Melrose,  Ohio 

COD  Cfll  c— Cow  Peas,  $2.50  to  $11.00  lmsliel; 
lUn  unLL  Crimson  Clover  Seed,  $8.50 bushel: 


Milford,  I>el. 


CHOICE  COW  PEAS 

Hand  threshed;  anv  variety,  any  quantity.  Cor 
respondence  solicited.  SUDLER  BROS,,  Bridgeville,  Del. 

DMiflM  QCCn — Home  grown  YellowGlobe,  $1.25  lb. 
Uliluli  OClU  postpaid;  5  lbs.  by  express,  $5.50. 
J.  B.  QUIRK,  North  Madison,  Ohio. 


Read  Our  Special  Garden  Offer. 

300  Strawberry  Plants— early,  midseason,  late— for . 90c 

50  Plum  Farmer  Black  Raspberry  for . 35c 

50  Snyder  Blackberry  Plants . 35c 

50  Cuthbert  Red  Raspberry  Bushes . . . 35c 

5  Hardy  Grapevines . 30c 

5  Gooseberry  Bushes . 50c 

5  Currant  Bushes . 50c 

To  all  who  send  us  this  adv.  and  $3.00  wo  will 
send  the  entire  above  list. 

We  are  extensive  plant  growers.  Send  listof  your 
wants  and  we  will  quote  you  lowest  price  on  honest 
goods.  Catalog  free, 

A.  G.  BLOUNT  .  .  Dept.  A,  Hastings,  N.  Y. 

STRAWBERRIES 

Plan  to  have  plenty  in  your  own  garden.  100  plants 
in  three  best  varieties,  $1.00,  postpaid. 

Geo.  R.  Schauber,  Box  R,  Ballston  Lake,  N.  Y. 

lY/fELOXS,  Lima  Beans,  Sweet  Corn  and  Squashes 
3  to  4  weeks  earlier  if  started  in  Paper  Rots. 
Recommended  by  Hope  Farm  man  and  Cornell  Uni¬ 
versity.  Shipped  flat:  low  rates;  3-in.,  $1 .25 per  1000. 
4-in.,  $1.75  per  1000.  P.B.  CROSBY  &  SON,  Catonsville.Md. 

STRAWBERRY  PLANTS. 

Seven  of  the  very  best  varieties  out  of  a  hundred; 
they  have  stood  the  test,  we  have  them  pure  and 
our  prices  are  right. 

Also,  have  a  few  more  of  our  selected  New  Stone 
Tomato  Seed  at  $1.00  per  lb.,  as  long  as  the.\  last. 

Don’t  forget  to  get  our  1911  Catalogue  of  all  kinds 
of  vegetable  plants  in  tliqir  season.  Wo  have  a 
fine  lot  of  Asparagus  Roots  to  offer  this  spring — 
the  finest  we  have  ever  had. 

ROMANCE  SEED,  PLANT  AND  TRUCK  FARM, 

Caleb  Bogus  S  Son,  Cheswold,  Delaware. 


For 

Cuthbert  Raspberry,  Eldorado  Blackberry, 
Wineberry,  Barrs  Mammoth,  and  Giant 
Argenteuil  Asparagus,  Privet,  etc. 

Prices  and  plants  will  satisfy. 

II.  II.  CORSON  &  SON,  Avondale,  Pa. 

QuippE  Pntatn  Plant?  only  $2.00  per  1000,  Special 
owed  ruiaiu  rldlllb  prices  on  5000  lots.  Price 
list  free.  W.  S.  FORD  &  SON,  Hartly,  Del. 

HIGH  GRADE  STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 

Write  for  list  and  prices. 

J.  T5KTSCHKK  .  .  .  Canal  Dover,  Oliio. 

SEED  CORN — Reid’s  Yellow  Dent,  Imp. Learning, 
Golden  Surprise,  American  Pride,  Wrote  Cap  and 
seed  oats.  Catalog  free.  THEO-BURT  &  SONS, Melrose, Ohio 


NEW  ENGLAND  CORN  GROWERS  l 

The  Coe-Mortimer  Grand  Prize  of  $500 

FOR  THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  ACRE  OF 
FIELD  CORN  IS  OPEN  TO  ALL  OF  YOU 

It  makes  no  difference  whose  fertilizer  you  use,  or  how  much  per  acre. 

The  Plan  of  Competition  is  given  in  The  Rural  New-Yorker  for  March  4th.  Read  it  and  get 
read)r  to  compete.  The  Details  of  the  Competition  will  be  managed  by  The  Massachusetts  Corn  Show 
of  which  Prof.  Win.  D.  Hurd,  Amherst,  Mass.,  is  secretary. 

Copy  of  plan  and  our  handsome  Memorandum  Booklet  sent  free  on  request.  (Competition  will 
close  on  or  before  November  1st,  1911.) 

THE  COE-MORTIMER  COMPANY 


Sole  Manufacturers  of  the  Celebrated 

E.  FRANK  COE  FERTILIZERS 
&  PERUVIAN  BRANDS 


24-26  Stone  Street 

New  York  City 


1911 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


466 


Rape  for  Summer  Silage. 

IT.  IF.,  New  York. — Will  Mr.  Rogers  state 
how  much  rape  he  sows  with  oats  and  peas 
for  Summer  silage? 

Ans.— We  have  varied  the  amount 
with  conditions.  We  raised  mostly  our 
own  seed,  had  lots  of  it  and  use  it 
freely  on  poor  land,  five  or  six  pounds 
is  an  abundance,  but  on  very  rich  land 
one  pound  is  often  enough.  The  thinner 
it  is  sown  the  larger  the  plants  to  a 
certain  extent.  Single  plants  weigh  sev¬ 
eral  pounds,  in  fact  we  have  weighed 
some  that  went  over  12  pounds  each.  It 
may  not  be  generally  known  that  rape 
seed  is  easily  grown,  also  that  if  plants 
are  prevented  from  going  to  seed  the 
second  year  they  make  a  very  rank 
growth  again  that  year.  i.  c.  Rogers. 

Trouble  with  Cement  Cistern. 

J.  F.  F.,  Norwalk,  O. — I  have  been  hav¬ 
ing  a  great  deal  of  trouble  with  a  cistern. 
The  water  comes  in  on  the  sides  and  causes 
the  cement  to  fall  off.  Is  there  any  w'ay 
the  cement  can  made  to  stick? 

Ans. — If  the  cement  comes  off  at  the 
same  place  each  time  the  fault  should  lie 
at  those  particular  points,  but  jf  the 
breaks  occur  at  different  places  each  time 
the  indications  are  that  the  whole  of 
it  is  poor  and  will  have  to  be  rebuilt 
with  first-class  material.  Try  cleaning 
the  surface  of  all  locations  where  the 
cement  came  off,  then  rough  it  up  a 
little  with  an  old  horse  rasp  or  some 
such  instrument,  and  I  think  the  cement 
will  stay  all  right.  If  you  could  get 
some  cement  on  the  outside  that  would 
be  better  yet.  w.  a.  b. 

“Trap  Crops”  for  the  Flea  Beetle. 

Reader  (No  Address). — On  page  434  F. 
A.  S.  speaks  of  killing  the  flea-beetle  ou  po¬ 
tato  vines.  lias  he  ever  tried  “trapping” 
them  by  planting  crops  which  these  beetles 
are  specially  fond  of?  They  leave  almost 
everything  to  feed  on  the  old  garden  huckle¬ 
berry,  and  I  am  told  the  AVonderberry  is 
about  equally  attractive  to  them.  This 
plan  of  trapping  is  often  recommended. 

Ans. — The  use  of  trap  crops  for  in¬ 
sects  depends  for  its  success  on  the  se¬ 
lection  of  a  plant  that  is  more  attractive 
to  the  insect  than  the  crop  to  be  pro¬ 
tected.  My  observations  thus  far  have 
been  that  the  flea-beetle  will  leave  all 
weeds  and  other  plants  for  the  potato 
and  tomato.  Furthermore,  that  they 
prefer  the  light  cultivated  soils,  hence 
the  trap  crop  would  have  to  be  grown 
on  the  sandy  spots  and  cultivated.  I 
have  never  grown  the  Wondcrberry,  nor 
observed  it  at  the  season  when  the  flea-, 
beetles  were  feeding.  Let  us  hope  it 
may  be  a  blessing  in  disguise  and  that 
some  one  will  test  it.  I  have  never 
tested  any  particular  plant  as  a  trap  crop 
for  the  flea-beetle ;  but  am  willing  to  do 
so,  provided  anyone  can  suggest  a  good 
plant,  but  such  suggestions  should  be 
made  from  pretty  accurate  observations, 
as  tests  cost  time  and  money. 

Long  Island.  F.  a.  s. 

Homemade  Lime  and  Sulphur. 

It'.  A.  B.,  Interlaken ,  N.  Y. — Will  John 
Q.  Wells,  page  260,  inform  your  readers 
bow  he  makes  his  concentrated  lime-sulphur 
test  31%  to  35  11.,  while  tin?  best  the  ex¬ 
periment  stations  can  make  tests  from  26  to 
30  B.? 

I  refer  to  the  Geneva  Experiment 
Station  bulletin  No.  330,  in  which  are 
the  formulas  used  by  17  different  home 
makers  of  lime  and  sulphur  concen¬ 
trate,  and  seven  of  the  17  exceeded  30 
degrees  B.,  which  W.  A.  B.  gives  as  the 
limit.  I  put  10  gallons  of  water  in  the 
kettle,  and  when  it  is  warm  I  add  the 
55  pounds  of  lime  of  a  guaranteed  pur¬ 
ity  of  98  per  cent,  and  when  this  has 
become  quite  hot,  which  will  be  very 
soon,  on  account  of  slaking,  I  add  the 
120  pounds  of  sulphur  and  commence 
to  stir  vigorously,  adding  more  water  to 
keep  the  mass  in  a  liquid  condition,  con¬ 
tinually  stirring  until  the  lime  and  sul¬ 
phur  have  become  well  mixed.  T  then 
add  water  to  about  40  gallons,  and  boil 
until  it  has  passed  the  foaming  stage, 
and  then  add  the  rest  of  the  water  (pre¬ 
ferably  hot),  and  boil  until  the  sulphur 
disappears,  which  will  take  about  30  to 
40  minutes  more.  A  little  more  hot 
water  can  be  added  from  time  to  time 
to  keep  the  volume  up  to  the  50-gallon 
mark.  John  q.  wells. 

Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y. 


Applying  Fertilizer  to  Orchard. 

M.  II.  W.,  Spring  City,  Pa. — I  wish  to 
put  600  pounds  of  acid  phosphate  and  200 
pounds  of  muriate  of  potash  per  acre  ou 
our  orchard.  Do  you  think  that  enough 
for  a  five-year  orchard  of  apple  and  peach? 
What  per  cent  of  potash  and  phosphoric 
acid  would  this  be,  and  how  would  you 
determine  the  percentage? 

Ans. — The  way  we  would  figure  this 
is  as  follows : 

Phos. 

acid.  Potash. 


600  lbs.  acid  phosphate .  84 

200  lbs.  muriate .  100 

800  84  .100 


Thus  in  800  pounds  of  the  mixture 
you  will  have  84  pounds  phosphoric 
acid  and  100  pounds  of  potash.  As  84 
is  something  over  one-tenth  of  the  whole 
and  100  is  one-eighth,  you  have  over 
10  per  cent  of  phosphoric  acid  and  12*4 
per  cent  of  potash.  This  will  give 
enough  of  these  elements  for  the  peach 
orchard,  but  it  will  need  nitrogen  in 
addition.  This  must  be  provided  in  some 
form,  or  the  orchard  will  not  do  well. 

Short  Rotation  with  Vetch. 

A.  B.,  GloversviUe,  N.  I'. — I  have  about 
five  acres  on  my  farm  in  Albany  Co.,  N.  A'., 
that  I  plant  each  year,  the  remainder  be¬ 
ing  always  in  hay  and  oats.  The  five  acres 
I  divide  into  two  equal  parts,  viz.,  2% 
acres  in  corn  and  potatoes  and  the  other 
2%  acres  in  Spring  vetch  sown  as  early  in 
the  Spring  as  possible,  100  pounds  of  seed 
and  1.730  pounds  of  a  3-8-6  fertilizer  ou 
the  2%  acres.  The  vetch  will  be  cut  for 
green  fodder  for  the  cows  and  poultry  dur¬ 
ing  August  and  September,  and  in  latter 
part  of  October  will  be  plowed  and  the 
next  year  planted  to  corn  and  potatoes, 
with  same  amount  of  fertilizer,  and  the 
other  2%  acres  sown  with  vetch,  and  so  ou 
from  year  to  year  alternating.  Soil  is  clay. 
I  shall  use  2%  tons  annually  of  ground 
stone  lime  on  the  five  acres,  spread  in 
Spring  on  the  furrows  before  harrowing. 
I  shall  start  this  rotation  this  Spring. 
What  do  you  think  of  it? 

Ans. — You  will  do  better  to  use  Win¬ 
ter  vetch  in  the  corn  at  least.  The  po¬ 
tatoes  may  not  be  out  in  time  to  sow 
Winter  vetch  early  enough,  but  we 
should  prefer  this  to  the  Spring  variety 
where  it  can  be  grown.  If  you  are  done 
cutting  the  vetch  in  September  why  not 
sow  rye  in  the  Fall  ?  This  would  give 
you  more  organic  matter  to  plow  under, 
and  hold  the  soil  during  the  Winter. 
You  do  not  need  to  use  lime  every  time 
the  soil  is  plowed.  We  should  think 
this  is  a  waste  of  lime,  and  would  not 
use  it  on  the  potato  land  anyway.  Nei¬ 
ther  corn  nor  potatoes  are  the  best  crops 
for  liming.  It  would  be  better  to  use 
the  lime,  if  at  all,  when  seeding  to  the 
vetch.  The  plan  is  a  good  one  and 
might  well  be  imitated  by  farmers  with 
larger  acreage.  By  keeping  half  their 
cultivated  ground  in  vetch  or  clover  as 
you  intend  doing  they  could  grow  larger 
crops  in  the  other  half  and  with  less 
labor. 


AVhen  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


COFFEE  HEART 

Very  Plalu  in  Some  People. 

A  great  many  people  go  on  suffering 
from  annoying  ailments  for  a  long  time 
before  they  can  get  their  own  consent  to 
give  up  the  indulgence  from  which  their 
trouble  arises. 

A  gentleman  in  Brooklyn  describes  his 
experience,  as  follows : 

“I  became  satisfied  some  months  ago 
that  I  owed  the  palpitation  of  the  heart 
from  which  I  suffered  almost  daily,  to 
the  use  of  coffee,  (I  had  been  a  coffee 
drinker  for  30  years)  but  I  found  it 
very  hard  to  give  up  the  beverage. 

“One  day  I  ran  across  a  very  sensible 
and  straightforward  presentation  of  the 
claims  of  Postum,  and  was  so  impressed 
thereby  that  I  concluded  to  give  it  a  trial. 

“My  experience  with  it  was  unsatisfac¬ 
tory  till  I  learned  how  it  ought  to  be 
prepared — by  thorough  boiling  for  not 
less  than  15  or  20  minutes.  After  I 
learned  that  lesson  there  was  no  trouble. 

'  “Postum  proved  to  be  a  most  pala¬ 
table  and  satisfactory  hot  beverage,  and 
I  have  used  it  ever  since. 

“The  effect  on  my  health  has  been 
most  salutary.  The  heart  palpitation 
from  which  I  used  to  suffer  so  much,  par¬ 
ticularly  after  breakfast,  has  disappeared 
and  I  never  have  a  return  of  it  except 
when  I  dine  or  lunch  away  from  home 
and  drink  the  old  kind  of  coffee  because 
Postum  is  not  served.  I  find  that  Postum 
cheers  and  invigorates  while  it  produces 
no  harmful  stimulation.”  Name  given 
by  Postum  Co.,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

Ten  days’  trial  proves  an  eye  opener  to 
many. 

Read  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs.  “There’s  a  Reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


Reo 


New  York  to  San  Francisco 
10  days  15  hours  13  minutes 

steady  going  every  day  and  not  a  wrench  touched  to  the  Reo 
engine. 

That’s  your  anstver  to  every  question  you  can  ask  about  the  Reo. 
The  Reo  must  have  speed  and  poAver,  to  keep  going  like  that 
over  the  bad  roads  and  hard  climbs  found  in  the  Great  American 
Desert  and  Rocky  Mountains. 

The  Reo  must  have  strength,  to  stand  the  constant  and 
tough  strain.  v 


The  Reo  must  be  reliable.  A  car  that  stands  a  test  like  that, 
and  then  breaks  the  record  from  NeAV  York  to  Los  Angeles,  and 
then  the  hill-climbing  record  up  Mt  Hamilton,  and  then  the 
record  from  Topeka  to  Kansas  City,  and  still  is  in 
perfect  condition  —  that  is  perfect  proof  of  relia¬ 
bility. 

Comfort  ?  Prove  it  yourself.  Get  the  nearest 
Reo  dealer  to  take  you  for  a  ride. 


Send  for  catalogue  and  “  Reo  and  the  Farmer  ”.  Plain  facts. 


R  M  Owen  &  Co  Lansing  Mich  G Agent  ‘lorcs  Reo  Motor  Car  Co 


ORCHARD  CULTIVATOR 


THE  FORKNER  LIGHT  OR/XFT  HARROW 


is  the  only  perfect  light  running  wheel  cultivator 
ever  offered  for  orchard  work.  Each  section  is 
so  easily  manipulated  with  levers  that  a  small 
boy  can  operate  it  and  cultivate  perfectly  30  aci-es 
per  day  with  one  team  of  medium  weight.  AVith 
this  harrow  one  team  can  easily  do  the  work  of 
two  teams  with  ordinary  harrows.  Works  well 
in  stumpy  or  stony  land  and  does  not  clog  with 
loose  grass,  roots,  etc.  Its  extension  of  11  ft., 
UL  ft.  each  side  of  the  team,  onables  perfect  dust 
mulching  near  the  tree  trunks  without  disturb¬ 
ing  the  branches  or  fruit,  and  eliminates  the  use 
of  the  hoe.  One  machine  will  work  100  acres  of 
orchard  and  keep  it  in  garden  tilth.  These  ma¬ 
chines  are  labor  savers  and  will  reduce  your 
cultivating  expenses  one-half,  even  if  yon  liave 
but  five  or  ten  acres  of  orchard.  Full  particu¬ 
lars  on  request.  Address 

LIGHT  DRAFT  HARROW  COMPANY,  Marshalltown,  Iowa 


AM  KEJBA  RDENtNG  EASY 

It's  n  pleasuro  to  mako  ga^ 
den  the  IKON  AUK  WAY-^ 
no  hack  breaking  and  grubbing  with  ’ 
an  old-fashioned  hoe  if  yoa  have  oar 
No.  19C  WheelOultivator  and  Plow.  InY 
five  minutes  you  can  do  work  that  would 
require  on  hour  the  old  way— that  isn’t  all.l 
you  do  better  work  and  insure  bigger  crops. 

Cost  $3.25.  Has  four  attachments. 


OONASE 


Garden; 
Tools 

inclnds  a  complete  lino  ofWhcol  Hoes.  I 
Hand  Drills.  Fertiliser  Distributors,  etc. I 
Prices,  *'2.50  to  $12.00.  A  boy  or  girl  can  r 
operate  them.  Write  to  day  for  our  75thJ 
Anniversary  Catalogue  allowing  also 
potato  machinery,  orchard  and 
other  tools. 

BATEMAN  M’F’G  CO. 

Box  1024 
(vGrenlocbj  N, , 


AGENTS 

NEW  PATENTED 


Harness,  Buggy  Tops, 

Bags,  Anything.  Sells  at  sight.  Astonishing  low 
agents.  Big  profits.  To  show  it  means  a  sale.  Wo  want  a  few 
good,  live  hustlors  in  each  county.  Splondid  opportunity  to 
make  big  money.  No  experience  needed.  Write  quick — 
now — for  terms.  A  postal  will  do.  Send  no  money. 

A.  MATHEWS,  6065  Wayno  Stroot,  DAYTON,  OHIO 


Use  a  HERCULES 

All-Steel  Triple-Power 

Stump  Puller  on 
30  Days’  Free  Trial 


Clear  up  your  stumpy  fields  at  our  risk  now 
with  a  famous  Hercules  on30  days’  Free  Trial. 
Test  it  on  your  place  at  our  risk.  Pulls  stumps 
out,  roots  and  all.  400&  stronger  than  any 
other  puller  made.  Triple  power  attachment 
means  one-third  greater  pull.  The  only  stump 
puller  guaranteed  for  3  years.  Only  one  with 
Double  Safety  Ratchets.  Only  one  with  all 
bearings  and  working  parts  turned,  finished 
and  machined,  reducing  friction,  increasing 
power,  making  »  it  extremely  light-running. 

A  Hitch  on  to  any  stump 
400%  =L,  and  the 

More 
Power 


Stump  is  Bound 
to  Come 


Also  pulls  largest- 
sized  green  trees, 
hedgerows, 
etc.  Don’t  risk 
dangerous 
and  costly 
dynamite.  It 
only  shatters 
stump  and  leaves 
roots  in  ground. 
Savo  big  money 
by  getting  our 
UrNf-v  V’Q  and  free  trial  oiler.  Also 
special  proposition  to 
first  buyers  whore  wo  have  uo  agents.  Write  us  a 
postal  card  today.  Address 


HERCULES  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

130  17th  Street,  Centerville,  Ipwa 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.S.  PATENT  OFFICE. 

K 


rtOSBA  I?  0 
V  nONTV 


Boiir*  «’ 

AS  Hr  * 

S/yNECT\Sr^ 


.  .  .  SOLELY  MANUFACTURED  BY  .  .  . 

*rhe  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co. 

Middletown,  Conn., 

Send  for  Free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
the  Hubbard  “Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


HUBBARD’S 
B2SE  FERTILIZER 
ALMANAC 
1911 


Now  ready  for  distribution. 
Mailed  free  to  any  address. 


•aeo 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


April  8. 


A  QUESTION  ABOUT  SPRAYING. 

IF.  A.  B.,  Interlaken,  N.  Y. — 1.  How 
strong  should  we  make  the  lime  sulphur 
spray  to  control  the  currant  leaf-blight,  and 
when  should  it  be  applied?  2.  About  what 
strength  should  plums  be  sprayed  (lime 
sulphur),  to  control  leaf-spot  and  brown 
rot?  3.  The  professor  says  the  spores  of 
the  peach  leaf-curl  winter  on  the  buds, 
while  the  spores  from  the  apple-scab  fungus 
winter  on  the  old  leaves.  Why  is  this  ? 

Ans. — L  We  have  made  no  definite 
experiments  on  this  point.  One  of  our 
men,  Mr.  Stewart,  who  is  investigating 
the  disease  of  nursery  stock,  sprayed 
currants  last  year  with  lime-sulphur 
(testing  30  degrees  Beaume)  at  the  rate 
of  1-30.  There  was  no  injury.  As  to 
whether  this  will  control  the  leaf-blight 
is  another  question.  The  experiments 
have  not  progressed  far  enough  to  say 
whether  it  will  or  not.  2.  Mr.  Stewart 
has  also  used  lime-sulphur  on  plums  in 
the  nursery  row  at  the  rate  of  1-30  with 
no  particular  injury  to  the  foliage.  In 
this  case,  as  above,  the  experiments  have 
not  progressed  enough  to  come  to  any 
conclusions  as  to  the  efficiency  of  lime- 
sulphur  for  leaf-spot  of  the  plum.  We 
have  never  tried  it  on  older  trees  for  the 
rot.  3.  The  brief  answer  to  this  is: 
That  two  entirely  different  fungi  are 
concerned  in  the  production  of  these  dis¬ 
eases.  The  difference  as  to  where  they 
winter  is  the  difference  in  the  habits  of 
the  two  fungi.  Potatoes  are  wintered  in 
the  cellar.  The  tubers  of  the  artichoke 
winter  in  the  soil.  They  are  quite  differ¬ 
ent  plants.  Just  so  with  the  peach  leaf- 
curl  fungus  and  the  apple-scab  fungus. 
An  explanation  of  the  exact  why  in  each 
case  would  involve  a  long  technical  dis¬ 
cussion  of  the  life,  habits  and  nature  of 
the  two  fungi  which  would  be  too 
lengthy  and  out  of  place  here.  Briefly, 
then,  the  peach  leaf-curl  winters  on  the 
bud  scales  of  the  peach,  and  the  apple- 
scab  fungus  on  the  old  leaves  on  the 
ground,  because  of  the  difference  in  the 
nature  of  the  two  fungi. 

*  H.  H.  WHETZEL. 


Ailing  Ducks. 

Will  you  please  tell  us  what  we  can 
do  for  our  ducks?  They  are  the  large 
white  ones.  We  had  five,  but  have  lost 
two,  one  lately  and  one  about  a  month 
ago.  They  have  black  spots  on  their  bills, 
are  slightly  lame  and  lie  around  a  day  or 
two  before  they  die.  They  have  quite  a 
good-sized  shed,  with  a  small  yard  in  front. 
We  do  not  let  them  into  the  yard  when  it 
is  very  cold  or  stormy.  They  have  straw 
and  coal  ashes  in  the  shed  all  of  the  time. 
We  feed  them  soft  feed  nearly  every  morn¬ 
ing,  corn  or  wheat  at  night,  and  sometimes 
they  have  cabbage  and  clover  leaves.  We 
take  fresh  water  to  them  twice  a  day. 

New  York.  a.  w. 

From  the  description  given  I  am  un¬ 
able  to  form  a  positive  opinion  as  to  the 
cause  and  nature  of  the  disease  affecting ! 
your  ducks,  but  your  method  of  feed¬ 
ing  is  no  doubt  responsible  for  your 
trouble.  Ducks,  as  a  rule,  should  be 
fed  on  soft  food  with  very  little  if  any 
whole  feed.  Sometimes  breeding  ducks 
are  fed  about  a  pailful  of  whole  corn 
to  400  ducks,  scattered  in  shallow  water 
or  over  a  large  part  of  the  yard  to  in¬ 
duce  exercise.  With  the  soft  feed,  corn- 
meal,  bran,  middlings,  etc.,  should  be 
mixed  boiled  vegetables  and  clover  or 
Alfalfa  cut  and  steamed.  Grit  and  char¬ 
coal  should  be  fed  occasionally.  Be  very 
particular  to  give  the  drinking  water  in 
pans  or  tubs  which  are  deep  enough  for 
the  ducks  to  submerge  their  heads,  as 
with  shallow  dishes  the  eyes  and  nose 
become  gummed  up  and  eventually 
cause  death.  c.  S.  G. 


Was  Soil  or  Fertilizer  at  Fault? 

I  read  where  A.  M.  D.  drilled  his  wheat 
both  ways,  and  ask  other  experience.  In 
the  Fall  of  1909  I  drilled  wheat  both  ways, 
one  bushel  each  way,  and  had  a  fine  look¬ 
ing  field  of  wheat.  When  I  cut  it  it  yielded 
30  bushels  to  the  acre,  and  a  great  quan¬ 
tity  of  straw,  I  do  not  know  how  much,  as 
It  was  not  haled.  We  also  drilled  the 
wheat  both  ways  this  Fall  of  1910.  One 
bushel  each  way  is  plenty.  I  am  afraid 
A.  M.  D.  has  too  much  wheat  per  acre. 

Cochranville,  Pa.  p.  e.  c. 


WILL  A  SILO  PAY? 

I  rent  a  farm  for  six  years,  and  the 
place  is  pretty  well  run  down.  I  am  keep¬ 
ing  eight  cows  and  one  horse  on  the  soiling 
system  in  the  Summer,  but  I  had  to  buy 
almost  8200  worth  of  hay  to  keep  them 
this  Winter,  and  by  keeping  good  grade 
cows  and  getting  a  good  price  for  milk  I 
am  able  to  make  something  besides  a  living. 
Next  Winter  I  would  like  to  keep  12  cows. 
Would  it  pay  me  to  put  up  a  silo  for  five 
seasons  more,  or  would  it  be  better  to  plant 
corn  and  husk  it,  and  cut  the  stalks  and 
steam  them?  I  grew  some  mangels  last 
Summer,  but  they  did  not  grow  as  they 
ought  to.  I  think  the  land  needs  lining.  I 
shall  try  to  raise  some  again  this  Spring. 
The  corn  grows  all  right;  I  had  a  very 
good  crop  last  year.  Some  farmers  claim 
that  their  cows  give  as  much  milk  on  dry 
fodder  as  they  do  on  silage,  but  I  don’t  be¬ 
lieve  them.  P.  J.  C. 

Connecticut. 

Under  those  conditions  we  think  it 
would  pay  you  to  put  up  a  stave  silo  and 
fill  it  with  corn.  You  ought  to  get  your 
money  out  of  it  in  five  years  in  increased 
value  over  dry  fodder. 


Seeing  on  page  330  an  article  on  tenant 
system  in  Ohio,  Texas  custom  may  be  of 
interest-  In  this  State  the  landlord  fur¬ 
nishes  house  and  garden  spot,  not  to  ex¬ 
ceed  one  acre.  In  some  cases  tenant  fur¬ 
nishes  his  own  teams,  feed  and  tools,  and 
gives  one-quarter  of  cotton  and  one-tliird 
of  the  corn  and  small  grain.  A  second 
arrangement  is  same  as  above,  only  in 
place  of  giving  one-third  of  the  corn  and 
small  grain  pays  85  an  acre  rent  for 
that  part  of  the  land.  In  a  third  plan 
landlord  furnishes  team,  feed,  tools  and 
seed,  and  gets  one-half  of  the  crop.  Here 
in  the  black  land  part  of  the  State  land  is 
worth  $60  to  $100  an  acre.  D.  L.  p. 

Itasca,  Tex. 


The  Right  Paint 

For  This  Spring 

You  can’t  afford  to  let  your 
house  stand  exposed  till  oil  drops  in 
price.  The  way  things  look  now, 
the  buildings  would  be  paint-hungry 
before  that  time  comes. 


Get  the  cost  of  100  pounds  "Dutch  Boy 
Painter”  White  Lead,  4  gallons  pure  linseed 
oil.  1  gallon  turpentine.  1  pint  turpentine 
drier— this  makes  8  gallons  of  pure  white  lead 
paint.  Divide  by  8  for  the  price  per  gallon  and 
compare  this  with  the  price  of  any  other  paint 
you’d  think  of  using. 

You’ll  find  that  the  best  is  the  cheapest  ;  also 
that,  after  all.  the  increase  in  the  cost  of  "Dutch 
Boy  Painter”  White  Lead  made-to- order 
paint  is  trifling. 

Write  for  our  free  “Helps  No.  1 208” 

It  answers  all  paint  questions. 


NATIONAL  LEAD  COMPANY 

An  office  in  each  of  the  following  cities: 


New  York  Boston  Buffalo  Cincinnati  Chicago 
Cleveland  St.  Louis  San  Francisco 
(John  T.  Lewis  &  Bros.  Company,  Philadelphia) 
(National  Lead  &  Oil  Company,  Pittsburgh) 


BARREL  SPRAYER 

|  READY  TO  USE 

Can  be  drawn  on  sled  or  wagon,  by  one  horse, 
through  orchard  or  garden. 

Pump  is  entirely  outside  of  barrel  and  solutions, 
and  is  similar  to  the  one  on  our  Combination  Field 
OrchardSprayer-lOOto  125  pounds  pres¬ 
sure-one  or  two  leads  of  hose-conven¬ 
ient  check  valves — no  leather  packing. 

50  gallon,  horizontal  barrel— no  dan¬ 
ger  of  upsetting  whether  empty  or 
tilled — nothing  inside  but  the  dasher. 

Ask  us  quick  for 
information  on  this 
latest  addition  to  the 

mm 

line  of  Farm  and 
Garden  Implements. 

BATEMAN 
M’F’G  CO. 

Box  103-S 
Crenloch, 

NowJersey 


Monarch 


Hydraulic 

Cider  Press 


Great  strength  and  ca¬ 
pacity;  all  sizes;  also 
gasoline  engines, 
steam  engines, 
sawmills,  thresh¬ 
ers.  Catalog  free. 
MONARCH  MACHINERY  CO.,  609  Hadson  Terminal,  New  York 


DO  YOU  NEED  FARM  HELP? 

The  Jewish  Agricultural  and  Industrial  Aid 
Society  has  on  its  lists  men  wishing  to  obtain  em¬ 
ployment  upon  farms.  Most  of  i  hem  are  without 
experience,  but  they  are  able-bodied  and  willing 
to  work.  They  speak  little  or  no  English,  although 
many  of  them  speak  German.  If  you  can  make 
use  of  such  help,  please  communicate  with  us, 
slating  what  you  will  pay,  whether  the  work  is 
permanent,  and  whether  you  prefer  a  single  or  a 
married  man.  We  are  a  philanthropic  organiza¬ 
tion,;  whose  object  it  is  to  assist  and  encourage 
Jews  to  become  farmers.  We  charge  no  commis¬ 
sion  to  employer  or  employee.  Address 
THE  J.  A.  &  I.  A.  S.,  174  Second  Avenue,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


60,000  Feet  of  Amatite  Roofing 


The  accompanying  view  shows 
a  series  of  buildings  at  the  Saska¬ 
toon  Exposition,  all  of  them 
covered  with  Amatite  Roofing. 

Amatite  was  selected  because  it 
was  inexpensive,  easy  to  put  on, 
required  no  care  or  attention  or 
expense  afterwards,  and  would 
give  excellent  durability. 

If  ordinary  smooth  roofing  had 
been  used,  these  roofs  would  re¬ 
quire  painting  every  year  or  two  at 
considerable  expense  and  trouble. 
Amatite,  however,  has  a  mineral 
surface  which  requires  no  painting. 

Use  Amatite  for  every  roof 
where  you  want  to  save  expense. 
It  is  the  most  economical  solution 
of  the  whole  roofing  problem. 

Amatite  Roofing  requires  no 
skilled  labor  to  apply  ;  it  costs  no 
more.  ( in  fact  much  less  )  than 


other  roofings  ;  and  the  fact  that 
it  requires  no  painting  makes  the 
total  expense  far  below  that  of 
any  other  type  of  roof  covering. 

You  can  use  Amatite  for  every 
kind" of  steep  roofed  building.  We 
supply  galvanized  nails  and  liquid 
cement  for  the  laps  free  of  charge. 

Send  for  free  sample  and  book¬ 
let.  Address  our  nearest  office. 

Everjet  Elastic  Paint 

Everjet  saves  money  for  the  farmer 
because  it  costs  only  half  as  much  as 
the  next  cheapest  good  paint.  Only  one 
color — a  deep,  glossy  black.  Suitable 
for  roofs,  out-door  iron  work,  fences, 
farm  machinery,  furnaces,  carts,  etc.  „ 

Lice  Destroyer 

creonoid  and  Cow  spray 

Hens  will  be  healthy  if  disease  germs 
are  eliminated  from  the  poultry  house 
by  spraying  regularly  with  Creonoid,  a 
powerful.  cheap  farm  disinfectant. 
Creonoid  suppresses  odors,  kills  germs. 


BARRETT  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY 


New  York 
Pittsburg 


Chicago  Philadelphia  Boston  St.  Louis  Cleveland 
Cincinnati  Kansas  City  Minneapolis  New  Orleans 
Seattle  London,  England 


£ 


A  LOUDEN  LITTER  CARRIER  changes  barn  drudgery  into  child’s  play. 

With  wonderful  worm  gear  (an  exclusive  Louden  feature)  1  pound 
pull  on  chain  lifts  40  pounds  in  box— boy  can  hoist  half  a  ton. 

Halses  and  lowers  any  distance  up  to  25  .eet,  Stands  where  pat;  can’t 
fall.  Fill  the  box,  raise  it  and  give  it  a  shove.  It  carries  the  load  out  of 
the  barn  to  manure  spfeader or  litter  heap,  wherever  you  want  it;  dumps 
load  automatically  and  returns  to  yon.  „ 

The  Louden  Way 

Keeps  barns  clean  and  sanitary — Keeps  cows  healthy — they  will  give 
more_ and  richer  milk.  Saves  time,  labor  and  money.  A  Louden  Litter 
Carrier  will  save  its  cost  many  times  in  a  year. 

Loudens  special  electro-galvanizing  process  gives  all  Louden  pro¬ 
ducts  a  beautiful,  lasting  finish.  Looks  clean — easy  to  keep  clean — 
never  rusts — lasts  much  longer  than  ordinary  hot  process  galvanizing. 

Our  40years  experience  in  fitting  barns  is  at  yonr  service  for  the  asking. 

Hand  your  dealer  a  rough  ground  plan  of  your  barn,  and  ask  him  to 
mail  it  to  us  for  price.  This  will  entail  no  obligation  citheron  your  part 
or  the  dealers.  Don’t  accept  any  carriers  but  LOUDEX’S.  There  are 
none  “just  as  good.”  Write  us  for  comp’ete  catalog  of  bam  equipment 
and  valuable  book  on  manure  values. 

LOUDEN  MACHINERY  CO.,  601  Broadway.  Fairfield,  Iowa. 


Strawberry  Plants  THat  Grow 

Largest  stork  of  thrifty  young  plants  in  the  New  England  State*.  T  have  been  selling  plants  true  to  name  for  40 
fears-  All  the  new  and  standard  varieties.  Descriptive  catalogue  sent  free.  C.  S.  PRATT » READING,  MASS. 


SALESMEN  WANTED  TOAMf 

Free  outfit.  <  'ominission  paid  weekly.  Write  for 
terms.  PERRY  NURSERIES, Rochester,  NewYork 


rinlomorn  Cormo _ Now  is  the  time  to-buy  them. 

UClundlC  rdllNb  Gen.  du  Pont.  President  of 
the  du  Pont  Powder  Co.,  presented  Delaware  with  a  j 
Macadam  ltoad  through  entire  state.  When  completed, 
farms  will  lie  worth  twice  the  money  asked  now.  Send 
for  our  catalogue,  free.  FOI{l>  A  REIS,  Inc.,  Dept. 
II.,  Wilmington,  Del. 


FOR  SALE==T0  SETTLE  AN  ESTATE 

300  acre  farm  in  town  of  Springfield.  Vt.,  l*a  miles 
from  K.  R.  station,  at  Bartonsville,  two  story 
stone  house,  5  barns,  sugar  and  apple  orchards, 
plenty  wood  and  lumber.  Price  $3,800.  Address 
F.  C.  ADAMS,  Chester  Depot,  Vt. 


MFarme  FOR  SALE  at  Low  Prices  in  nearly 
i  a  I  III  o  all  parts  of  New  York  State.  Catalog 
free  to  parties  intending  to  buy. 

KOUTHI  JtN  REALTY  CO..  Syracuse.  N,  V. 

FflT  Qalo — Farm  of  135  acres:  six-room  bouse:  two 
I  Ul  Oil  1C  barns,  40x50  and  30x40,  20  cow  stalls  in 
basement,  concrete  floors;  silo;  stone  milk  house. 
Borden  takes  milk  from  door.  R.  F.  D.  and  tele¬ 
phone.  12  cows,  one  bull,  three  calves,  16  sheep,  one 
set  of  scales,  milk  cans.  All  for  $3,700,  one-half  cash. 
HALL’S  FARM  AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.,N.Y. 


WE  SELL  FARMS  in  Oceana,  best  County  in  U.  S. 

Fruit,  Alfalfa.  Grain, Vegetables,  Stock,  Poul¬ 
try.  J.  D.  S.  HANSON  &  SON,  Hart,  Mich. 


CIBERIAN  OATS, highest  yielding  strain  from  Ohio  Ex- 
^  periment  Station;  65  hu.  per  acre  here;  Swedish 
Selects,  another  high  yielder:  75c.per  bu., sacks  free. 

L.  H.  LeBARON,  Mgr.  Clen  Oak  Farm,  Spencerville  ,  Ohio. 


Should  be  in 
every  gardener’s 
equipment. 
Hundreds  of 
Articles  by  ex¬ 
perts  tell  clearly 
just  how  to  grow 
the  best  Flowers 
— Roses,  Sweet  Peas,  Asters,  etc.;  Plants 
and  all  kinds  of  V egetablcs,  from  seed  time 
to  harvest.  73d  annual  edition  increased 
to  288  pages,  nearly  1,000  illustrations, 
eight  color  and  duotone  plates.^  De¬ 
scribes  over  1,200  varieties  of  Flower 
Seeds,  600  kinds  of  Vegetables,  2,000 
varieties  of  Plants. 

Mailed  free  to  anyone  mentioning  this  pub¬ 
lication. 

714  Chestnut  St. 
Philadelphia 


HENRY  A.  DREER 


“Dewdrop”  Everbearing  Strawberry 

Largest  in  world;  bears  first  season; 
color,  rich  crimson ;  no  green  tips ;  lus¬ 
cious  pineapple  flavor.  Circular  free. 

H.  P.  DEW,  Albion,  Michigan. 


CUMBERLAND  AND  COLUMBIAN  Raspberry 
^  Plants,  true, to  name.  St.  inspected.  Write  for 
prices.  N.  H.  KNOPP,  Washingtonville,  Ohio. 


Surplus  Berry  Plants -BS0cpu'aX“™S») 

Snyder;  2,000,000  Strawberry  Plants;  500  bushels 
Hastings  Potatoes:  Currants,  Gooseberries.Grapes, 
Asparagus,  Rhubarb,  Roses,  Vegetable  Plants,  etc. 
Send  for  free  catalogue  and  Surplus  List. 

L.  J.  FARMER,  Box  20,  Pulaski,  N.  Y. 


IHH  Farme  FOR  SATjR  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
lJU  Id!  Illb  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horace  G.  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa, 


Potatoes — Bovee, Carman, Gobbler, King,  GVfellow.  Ohio, Queen, 
Murphv,Kosc,C  W’lis.W under:  85 kinds.  C.W.  Ford, Fishers,  N.Y. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS-£’:»".fS “jfiuf; 

Red  Raspberry,  only  $5.00  per  1,000.  Asparagns  of 
a  very  fine  strain.  SLAYMAKER  &  SON,  Wyoming,  Del. 


POR  SALE — A  rare  chance  to  secure  a  most  de- 
A  sirable  Stock  and  (up-to-date)  Poultry  Farm, 
completely  equipped,  for  less  than  cost  of  buildings 
and  recent  improvements.  Location  :  Chester 
county,  Penna.;  convenient  to  Philadelphia.  Situa¬ 
tion  ideal.  No  further  expenditure  needed.  For 
full  particulars  address:  JOHN  P.  SAUTTER. 
Manager,  Chester  Springs,  Penna. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


-aer 


VALUE  OF  TOMATO  WASTE. 

G.  J.  S.,  Liberty  Grove,  Md. — Give  me 
the  value  per  tou  of  tomato  peelings  as 
they  come  from  canning  factory,  and  where 
would  be  best  to  use  them,  on  grass  fields 
or  plow  them  under?  What  is  their  ac¬ 
tion  on  ground?  I  own  and  operate  a  can¬ 
ning  factory  and  have  been  throwing  the 
refuse  in  branch,  but  if  it  would  pay  me 
to  haul  it  one-quarter  mile  would  put  them 
on  my  land. 

Ans. — The  analysis  of  the  tomato  fruit 
shows  that  it  contains  0.16  per  cent  of 
nitrogen,  0.05  per  cent  of  phosphoric 
acid  and  0.27  per  cent  of  potash.  You 
will  see  then  that  it  has  very  little  fer¬ 
tilizing  value.  The  best  way  to  use  the 
waste  will  be  to  put  it  in  heaps  with  lime 
scattered  between  each  10-inch  layer. 
Then  in  its  decay  it  may  furnish  some¬ 
thing  that  will  help  the  soil.  But  I 
would  assume  that  applied  fresh  to  the 
land  it  would  cause  too  much  acidity. 
Putting  it  where  hogs  can  eat  and  work 
it  over  till  rotten  will  be  as  good  a  way 
as  any  probably,  but  really  the  waste  is 
hardly  worth  the  handling  and  hauling 
till  completely  rotten  and  sweetened  with 
a  little  lime.  w.  f.  massey. 


A  CAMPAIGN  AGAINST  “STARTLING 
DEVELOPMENTS.” 

While  The  It.  N.-Y.  has  bean  waging  re¬ 
lentless  warfare  against  frauds  and  graft, 
and  its  “Publisher’s  Desk"  has  become  a 
terror  to  evil  doers,  it  would  seem  that 
there  is  yet  another  field  it  could  do  valiant 
service  in,  and  become  a  defender  of  the 
farmer ;  not  only  his  interests,  but  his  in¬ 
tegrity  as  a  food  producer  for  the  masses. 
Just  now,  these  seems  to  be  a  campaign 
of  misrepresentation  inaugurated  under  the 
guise  of  illustrated  lectures,  lauded  as  a 
movement  for  pure  food,  but  seemingly  in 
reality,  to  advertise  substitutes,  or  exploit 
some  health  reform  (?),  possibly  medical 
cult.  Recently  at  a  much-advertised  milk 
convention,  the  chief  topic  seemed  to  be 
centered  in  a  lantern  slide  lecture,  wherein 
were  views  of  barns  and  stable  surroundings. 
Care  and  keeping  of  milk  were  portrayed 
in  the  most  repulsive  way,  as  to  filth,  and 
unsanitary  conditions,  the  plain  “object” 
being  to  convey  the  impression,  that  all 
farmers’  surroundings,  and  dairy  operations, 
were  of  like  descripi$S¥{.  when  the  facts 
are  that  it  would  be  about  impossible  to 
find  anything  of  a  like  character,  and  to 
the  informed,  the  pictures  were  make-ups 
as  are  so  many  of  the  “true-to-life”  pic¬ 
tures  of  the  moving  picture  shows. 

Not  long  since  the  women  of  a  city  or¬ 
ganization  were  treated  ( ?)  free,  to  a 
lantern  show,  to  reveal  to  them  the  hor¬ 
rible  conditions  under  which  butter  was 
made,  and  what  the  cream  contained  out 
of  which  it  was  made,  and  even  showed 
the  presence  in  it  of  the  originating  causes 
of  typhoid  fever,  consumption,  and  other 
infectious  diseases ;  last  the  filth  removed 
from  a  certain  amount  of  butter,  and  then 
put  in  a  most  -ingenious  plea  for  clean, 
pure,  healthy  oleo  as  a  substitute.  The 
point  of  the  talk  was  that  all  diseases 
were  of  country  origin  and  taken  to  the 
city  in  butter  and  cream  to  be  hawked 
about  and  distributed,  as  if  the  city  would 
otherwise  be  free  from  disease.  No  men¬ 
tion  was  made  of  the  fact  that  all  dairies 
that  contributed  to  city,  or  creamery,  are 
State  inspected  three  times  a  year,  and  the 
creameries  scored  as  well  and  more;  the 
city  inspectors  are  on  the  job  all  of  the 
time,  to  see  that  sanitation  is  up  to  the 
level,  and  few  there  be  that  get  caught  in 
the  inspectors’  drag-net. 

In  a  current  magazine  is  the  picture  of 
a  scene  on  a  State  fair  ground  where 
there  is  a  most  repulsive  sight  of  slaugh¬ 
tered  animals  spread  out  to  the  public 
to  gaze  at  of  cattle  infected  with  tubex-- 
culosis,  and  one  may  be  sure  no  mild  cases 
are  displayed,  the  object  sought  is  to  make 
repulsive  the  live  stock  of  a  farmer,  and 
leave  the  impression  with  the  public  that 
this  is  about  the  usual  condition  of  the 
beef  and  cow  stock  of  the  country  from 
which  comes  the  meat  and  milk  for  the 
cities,  when  the  facts  are  that  not  over 
one-half  of  one  per  cent  of  the  stock  is 
diseased  to  the  extent  shown.  A  herd 
killed  not  long  ago  near  the  writer,  pro¬ 
nounced  by  the  test  to  be  in  a  dangei-ous 
condition,  failed  to  reveal  anything  more 
than  “slightly  affected”  (official  report) 
though  in  many  cases  it  was  difficult  to 
find  even  that  much,  and  so  good  an  au¬ 
thority  as  Dr.  Sinead  of  New  York  said 
that  the  lesions  of  the  “slightly  affected” 
ones  were  being  rapidly  encysted,  and  there 
was  not  a  “dangerous”  animal  in  the  lot, 
and  there  is  not  a  known  outbreak  of  the 
disease,  large  or  small,  in  Ohio,  eagle- 
eyed  as  are  the  official,  to  warrant  any 
such  exhibition.  These  are  not  isolated  ex¬ 
amples  of  the  various  forms  of  misrep¬ 
resentation  that  are  going  on.  There 
are  some  diseases  inherent  to  live  stock 
but  it  is  not  a  matter  that  needs  advertise¬ 
ment  with  three-inch  scare  head  lines.  How 
the  farmer  lives,  his  lack  of  comforts,  the 


horrible  cooking  he  eats,  the  disgusting 
disregard  for  sanitation  and  the  appalling 
death  rate  he  invites  upon  himself  and 
family,  low  moral  pi’eceptions,  fill  other 
columns  of  reform  literature,  in  face  of 
the  fact  the  city  flees  to  the  country  in 
the  Summer  to  escape  the  scourge  of  the 
cities’  destroying  angels,  and  comes  to  these 
very  country  sources  of  disease,  infection 
and  food  supply,  that  has  invited  all  these 
attacks  and  warnings,  and  endaugei'ed  the 
dweller  of  the  city.  It  is  time  for  these 
things  to  stop,  and  if  essential  in  any  de¬ 
gree,  include  the  city  as  well  as  the  town¬ 
ship  and  flay  each  as  impartial  duty  com¬ 
mands.  JOHN*  GOULD. 

Ohio. 


Handling  Chance  Apple  Seedlings. 

C.  C.  J.,  Pom  fret,  Vt. — Would  not  apple 
trees  grown  on  a  farm  bo  more  desirable 
for  setting  out  on  that  farm  than  apple 
trees  grown  in  a  nursery  at  a  distance  on 
.different  soil  and  under  different  conditions ? 
I  have  over  a  hundred  last  year's  seedlings 
that  made  a  growth  of  about  a  foot.  Would 
you  advise  me  to  bud  these  trees  this  yeax-, 
or  wait  a  year  or  two  and  graft  them? 
These  seedlings  ax'e  some  that  came  up 
themselves  in  our  apple  orchard.  I  planted 
some  apple  seeds  in  my  garden,  but  only 
one  or  two  grew. 

Ans. — It  will  make  little  difference 
where  the  trees  are  grown  provided  they 
make  a  good  growth  of  hard,  healthy 
wood.  A  seedling  growing  by  itself  on 
the  farm  ought  to  have  a  fine  root  de¬ 
velopment,  but  this  will  mostly  be  cut  off 
when  the  tree  is  planted.  The  nursery¬ 
men  know  how  to  grow  a  tree  and  can 
produce  a  better  one  than  a  chance  seed¬ 
ling.  We  have  used  many  such  seed¬ 
lings,  but  cannot  say  that  they  make  any 
better  trees  than  root-grafted  stock.  In 
the  case  mentioned  we  should  let  these 
seedlings  grow  another  year  and  then 
graft  them — transplanting  a  year  after 
the  grafting. 


Ground  Bone  or  Acid  Phosphate. 

M.  II.  W.,  Spring  City,  Pa.— Which  do 
you  think  would  be  best  for  us  to  use  on 
an  apple  and  poach  orchard,  raw  ground 
bone  and  muriate  of  potash,  or  acid  phos¬ 
phate  and  muriate  of  potash  ?  The  bone 
costs  us  about  $28  per  ton,  and  has  16  to 
18  per  cent,  phosphoric  acid,  and  the  acid 
phosphate  costs  us  $10  per  ton,  and  has 
14  to  16  per  cent  sulphuric  acid. 

Ans. — If  the  bone  contains  about  three 
per  cent  of  nitrogen,  as  is  usual,  we 
should  use  it  in  preference  to  the  acid 
phosphate,  though  the  cost  would  be 
greater.  A  mixture  of  three  parts 
ground  bone  and  one  of  potash  is  a  good 
one  for  orchard  fruit.  If  you  used  the 
phosphate  and  potash  you  would  be 
obliged  to  buy  some  form  of  nitrogen  to 
go  with  them. 


r - - \ 

It  Does 

The  Heart 
Good 

To  see  how  the  little  folks 
enjoy 

Post 

Toasties 

with  cream. 


Sweet,  crisp  bits  of  pearly 
white  corn,  rolled  and  toasted 
to  an  appetizing  brown. 

“The  Memory  Lingers” 

Postum  Cereal  Company,  Ltd., 

Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

V - - — - — - - / 


sraiimiiiiiijM 


i  ft  Wfirms  peerzA/m  ee>mfee.. 

iKWFX  //A/m&U.Ma,  corereif  utffA 
^  *00 SfK.fr of  *f- At ASBESTOS  ftOOf 


*2%  zoom  do  Sfv/y , 


The  need  of  paint  or  gravel  on  a  roofing  is  posi¬ 
tive  proof  of  its  weakness — positive  proof  that  the 
materials  in  the  roofing  would  dry  out,  rot,  rust, 
decay  or  otherwise  deteriorate  without  such  pro¬ 
tection — positive  proof  that  the  roofing  itself  can’t  last  long 
unless  protected  with  a  mineral. 

Instead  of  a  perishable  animal  or  vegetable  material  only 
temporarily  protected  with  a  thin  layer  of  mineral,  such  as  paint, 
slag  or  gravel,  J-M  Asbestos  Roofing  is  one  solid  mass  of  miner¬ 
als.  Not  a  particle  of  perishable  material  in  it. 

J-M  Asbestos  Roofing  consists  of  layer-on-layer  of  pure  Asbestos  Felt 
securely  cemented  together  with  genuine  Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt.  Asbes¬ 
tos  is  a  rock,  or  stone,  and  of  course  stone  needs  no  paint  to  make  it  last. 
And  the  Asphalt  Cement  between  these  stone  layers  is  the  same  mineral 
that  has  withstood  the  severe  duties  of  street  paving  for  forty  years. 

So  J-M  Asbestos  Roofing  is  an  all-mineral  roofing. 


ROOFING 

is  the  only  ready  roofing  that  never  requires  a  single  cent’s  worth  of 
paint  or  other  protection.  Its  first  cost  is  its  only  cost. 

Other  ready  roofings  are  a  continual  trouble  and  expense — for  the  paint 
and  gravel  wash  and  blow  off  and  have  to  be  renewed  every  few  years. 

Because  of  its  mineral  or  stone  construction,  J-M  Asbestos  Roofing 
is  also  rust-proof,  rot-proof  and  acid-proof.  And  fire  that  will  melt  iron 
won’t  burn  this  roofing. 

If  not  at  your  dealer’s,  our  nearest  Branch  will  supply  you  with  J-M 
Asbestos  Roofing — also  apply  it,  if  desired. 

Get  This  Curiosity  FREE 

We  want  you  to  see  the  curious  Asbestos  Rock  which  yields  the  long,  soft,  pliable, 
yet  practically  indestructible  fibres  from  which  we  make  J-M  Asbestos  Roofing,  Theatre 
Curtains,  Stove  Mats,  and  hundreds  of  other  Asbestos  products.  We  know  it  will  con¬ 
vince  you  better  than  anything  we  can  say  that  a  roofing  made  of  this  indestructible 
stone  must  also  be  practically  everlasting. 

Simply  send  a  postal  to  our  nearest  Branch  and  say  “Send  samples  of  Crude  Asbestos 
and  your  handsomely  illustrated  Book  L 18.” 


H.  W.  JOHNS-MANVILLE  CO. 


BALTIMORE 

BOSTON 

BUFFALO 

CHICAGO 

CLEVELAND 

Toronto,  Ont. 


DALLAS 
DETROIT 
KANSAS  CITY 
LONDON 
LOS  ANGELES 

For  Canada -—THE  CANADIAN  H.  W.  JOHNS-MANVILLE  CO.,  LTD. 

Montreal,  Que.  Winnipeg,  Man.  Vancouver.  B.  C. 


MILWAUKEE 
MINNEAPOLIS 
NEW  ORLEANS 
NEW  YORK 
PHILADELPHIA 


PITTSBURG 
SAN  FRANCISCO 
SEATTLE 
ST.  LOUIS 

1364 


ST  DISINFECT  YOUR  SEED  OATS 
WITH  FORMALDEHYDE  «  a 

The  only  successful,  economical  and  easy  way  to  rid  oats, 
barley,  rye,  wheat,  etc.,  of  destructive  smuts  and  fungus  growths 
is  to  use  Formaldehyde.  Insures  full,  healthy  crops.  Not  an  ex¬ 
perimental  method — heartily  endorsed  by  the  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agri¬ 
culture.  Write  to-day  for  the  new,  free  booklet — “Formaldehyde; 
its  uses  upon  the  Farm  and  about  the  Home” — containing  informa¬ 
tion  every  farmer  or  housewife  should  possess. 

PERTH  AMBOY  CHEMICAL  COMPANY 

100  WILLIAM  STREET,  NEW  YORK 


CULTIVATE  OFTEN 


and  you  hold  the  moisture 
in  the  ground.  Cultivate 
shallow  or  deep  as  the  crop 
needs  it  and  you  release  the 
forgotten  or  unknown  soil 
properties  which  are  needed 
to  make  the  crop  grow  prop¬ 
erly.  We  have  been  making 
farm  tools  for  75 
think  we  have  as  & 
of  Hiding  Cultivators  < 
need  to  chooso  f 


IRON  ACE  RIDING  CULTIVATORS 


are  long  lived  machines— adjustable  for  rows  23  to  50 
inches,  while  in  motion— teeth  adjustable  for  depth  and 
angle — pivot  or  fixed  wheel,  one  row  or  two — high  or  low 
wheels— work  well  on  hillsides — farm  close 
and  true.  A  complete  line.  Our  Anniver¬ 
sary  Catalog  will  show  you — also,  potato 
machinery,  garden  wheel  hoes  and  drills, 
etc.  Address 

BATEMAN  M’F’G  CO. 

Ron  _  1027 _ GRENLOCH.N.  J. 


Baskets,  Ladders  and  Growers’ 
Supplies. 


A  card  brings  our  catalogue. 

BACON  Si  CO.,  Appleton,  N.  Y. 


Low-Down  Steel  Wheel  Wagons 

Are  fast  replacing  tho  high  farm  wagons  for 
general  farm  work.  The  reason  Is  plain.  The 
Low-Down  wagon  makes  easier  work  for  the 
man  and  no  harder  for  tho  team.  One  man 
can  do  most  of  fits  farm  work  alone  with  the 
Low-Down  wagon.  Get  our  free  catalogue. 
HAVANA  METAL  WHEEL  CO.,  BOX  17  HAVANA,  ILL. 


Pratt -Elkhart  “40” 


is  the  quietest,  simplest  and  most  powerful  car 
in  the  “40”  class.  They  are  i-n  use  today  in  over 
half  the  States  in  the  Union. 


BACKED  BY  THIRTY-EIGHT  YEARS’ 
SUCCESSFUL  MANUFACTURING  EXPERIENCE 

Made  in  four  classy  designs;  117-inch  wheel  base,  Unit 
power  plant,  three-point  suspension,  offset 
crank  shaft,  Bosch  Magneto,  34x4-inch  tires. 

List  Price— $1800.00.  Top  and  wind  shield  extra. 

We  Want  a  Sample  Car  in  Every  Locality— Write  for  Catalog  and  very 
liberal  proposition 

ELKHART  CARRIAGE  &  HARNESS  MFC.  CO.,  Elkhart.  Indiana. 


4<5» 

PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE 

Freight  on  Corn. — What  is  the  freight 
on  corn  from  Chicago  to  New  York  and 
from  New  York  to  Hamburg  or  Bremen, 
Germany,  and  other  European  ports  per 
100  pounds  carload  lots?  reader. 

North  Dakota. 

The  present  freight  rate  on  corn  from 
Chicago  to  New  York  is  20 %  cents  per  100 
pounds  in  carloads,  minimum  weight  20 
tons.  Ocean  freight  rates  vary  from  week 
to  week  according  to  the  demands  of  trade. 
At  this  writing  the  berth  quotation  for 
grain,  New  York  to  Bremen,  is  12%  cents 
per  100  pounds;  to  Hamburg,  1G  2-3  cents; 
Liverpool,  G  2-3  cents  ;  Glasgow,  five  cents  ; 
Bristol,  8%  cents. 

Sweet  Peppers. — “How  are  the  canned 
Spanish  peppers  or  pimentos  prepared? 
I  note  that  they  are  entirely  devoid  of  the 
pungent  flavor.  Is  this  due  to  the  method 
of  preserving  or  is  it  a  different  species  of 
pepper  with  which  we  are  not  familiar?” 

Wisconsin.  A.  C.  M. 

The  “sweet  Spanish”  pepper  is  one  of 
the  “sweet’  varieties,  having  none  of  the 
torrid  qualities  usually  supposed  to  belong 
to  the  pepper.  It  is  easily  grown,  and  the 
seeds  may  be  had  from  any  first-class  seeds¬ 
man.  Occasionally  a  hot  plant  will  develop 
from  these  supposedly  sweet  seeds.  This 
is  usually  owing  to  mixed  seeds,  but  in 
some  cases  it  is  clearly  a  “harking  back”  to 
the  type  of  its  fiery  ancestors. 

Red  Kidney  Beans.— “Is  there  a  de¬ 
mand  for  the  Red  Kidney  bean,  and  would 
it  be  more  profitable  to  raise  them  than 
the  white  beau?  I  have  been  informed  that 
some  farmers  are  receiving  large  profits  in 
raising  these  beans ;  would  like  to  know 
bow  and  where  they  market  them.”  w.  v. 

Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Red  Kidney  beans  usually  sell  higher 
than  the  Marrow  and  Pea  varieties,  though 
not  always.  In  1908  Red  Kidney  sold  lower 
than  cither  Pea  or  Marrow.  The  Red 
Kidney  requires  rather  stronger  soil  for  best 
results,  and  under  general  farm  conditions 
the  yield  is  less  than  Marrow  and  Pea, 
so  that  even  though  they  sell  higher  per 
busboL,  the  net  profit  may  not  be  greater. 
They  are  sold  on  the  regular  market  the 
same  as  other  varieties. 

Weight  of  Broilers. — “I  see  broilers  are 
quoted  30  to  35  cents  per  pound.  What 
weight  is  required  at  present  to  bring  these 
prices  ?”  C.  C. 

New  Jersey. 

The  prices  given  are  for  the  quality 
known  as  “Philadelphia,”  weighing  three 
to  four  pounds  per  pair.  Philadelphia  has 
long  had  a  reputation  for  high-class  dressed 
poultry,  so  that  the  name  has  become  a 
trade  mark  for  the  best  in  this  line,  regard¬ 
less  of  where  it  is  produced.  Broilers  of 
the  same  weight  per  pair,  but  inferior  in 
quality,  sell  considerably  lower,  down  to  25 
cents  in  some  cases.  One  point  of  special 
importance  for  those  preparing  broilers  or 
other  dressed  poultry  for  market  is  to  be 
sure  that  the  animal  heat  is  all  removed 
before  they  are  put  into  the  packages. 
Neglect  of  this  is  sure  to  result  in  a  soured, 
sticky  and  unsalable  mess. 

Regulating  Commission  Men. — Whether 
or  not  the  bills  now  being  considered  for 
reforming  the  produce  trade  are  enacted 
into  law,  there  is  no  doubt  that  effective 
legislation  of  this  sort  will  be  had  within  a 
few  years.  Conditions  are  getting  intoler¬ 
able,  and  the  people  are  learning  better  how 
to  get  at  the  fountains  of  law  making. 
Many  people  have  wondered  why  the  better 
element  in  the  commission  business  did  not 
make  an  effort  to  “clean  house”  as  is  done 
in  other  lines  of  trade,  where  credit  associa- 
•  tions  turn  the  light  on  crooks  and  those 
unreasonably  slow  in  paying  their  bills. 
Something  has  been  done  in  this  direction, 
but  only  in  a  half-hearted  way,  and  the  New 
York  trade  has  been  especially  inactive  in 
such  work.  Reforming  a  man  or  a  business 
by  law  is  usually  a  painful  process  for  the 
man  or  the  business.  Most  thoughtful  peo¬ 
ple  consider  it  better  to  refrain  from  steal¬ 
ing  by  a  wholesome  use  of  will  power  than 
to  be  kept  from  committing  crime  by  means 
of  prison  bars  and  walls.  The  New  York 
produce  trade  has  the  power  to  do  a  house¬ 
cleaning  that  would  make  the  troublesome 
regulation  from  outside  unnecessary.  The 
writer  knows  well  the  attitude  in  this  mat¬ 
ter  of  many  commission  houses  in  New 
York  that  have  large  capital  and  good  busi¬ 
ness  standing.  They  are  not  specially  con¬ 
cerned  about  the  rogues  in  their  own  trade, 
but  are  very  ready  to  revile  the  “dishonest 
farmers,”  who  mix  stale  eggs  with  fresh 
and  stuff  packages  with  culls.  They  ap¬ 
parently  do  not  realize  that  these  dishonest 
farmers  are  being  reformed  or  crowded  out 
of  business  by  the  'fanners  themselves 
through  their  association  plans  of  market¬ 
ing.  The  better  class  of  eastern  farmers, 
especially  fruit  growers,  are  very  much 
alive  to  this  matter,  and  as  the  associations 
strengthen  the  men  who  mix  culls  with 
good  fruit  will  become  increasingly  scarce. 
If  the  commission  men  do  not  take  enough 
practical  interest  in  the  good  name  of  their 
business  to  clear  out  the  dishonest  element 
they  need  not  be  surprised  to  have  a  heavy 
hand  laid  on  them  from  outside. 

w.  w.  H. 


THE  RURAL 

HANOVER  FARMERS’  CLUB. 

The  Hanover  Farmers’  Club  of  Chau¬ 
tauqua  County  is  the  most  influential  and 
up-to-date  farmers  organization  in  western 
New  York.  The  meetings  of  this  club  are 
held  monthly,  and  practical  questions  of 
vital  interest  to  the  farmers  are  discussed, 
as  well  as  topics  on  the  current  events  of 
the  day.  The  March  meeting  was  held 
March  11,  and  the  question,  “Fruits, 
Kinds,  Planting,  Cultivating  and  Market¬ 
ing,”  was  discussed.  In  the  cultivation  of 
apples  the  general  opinion  expressed  was 
that  location  was  the  first  essential.  A 
high  elevation  is  best,  as  the  apples  are 
earlier,  of  a  better  quality,  and  remain  on 
the  trees  later  in  season.  Clay  loam  was 
the  best  soil  for  most  varieties.  After 
plowing,  the  ground  should  be  sown  with 
lime.  Continuous  spraying  was  advisable. 
In  marketing,  the  one  point  emphasized 
was  honesty  in  packing  to  get  the  best 
prices.  In  the  cultivation  of  peaches,  it  is 
best  to  plant  early  and  late  varieties,  that 
you  may  have  fruit  throughout  the  season. 
Plant  the  trees  leaning  to  the  southwest, 
that  you  may  secure  a  growth  of  straight 
trees.  You  cannot  raise  a  good  quality  of 
peaches  without  spraying.  Spray  before 
the  buds  start  and  continue  as  late  as  Sep¬ 
tember.  Keep  a  mound  of  earth  thrown 
around  the  trees  to  destroy  insects.  These 
mounds  should  be  removed  and  replaced 
with  new  ones,  two  or  three  times  during 
the  year.  It  is  not  advisable  to  cultivate 
plums  and  pears  from  a  commercial  stand¬ 
point.  Tlie  Lombard  is  the  best  variety 
of  plum  to  cultivate  for  home  use.  They 
will  produce  fruit  in  six  years  from  the 
time  of  planting.  They  are  purple,  of 
medium  size,  and  good  bearers.  The  Bart¬ 
lett  pear  was  considered  the  best  variety. 
Pears  require  about  the  same  time  to  pro¬ 
duce  fruit  as  the  plum.  Spraying  is  also 
essential  in  the  cultivation  of  plums  and 
pears.  Prnues  were  recommended  as  a 
good  fruit  to  plant  for  home  use.  In  the 
raising  of  strawberries  there  are  four  essen¬ 
tials,  the  right  soil,  the  right  variety,  right 
cultivation,  and  right  market.  Get  your 
plants  from  a  specialist.  The  best  soil  is 
well  drained  loam.  Use  bone  fertilizer,  800 
pounds  to  the  acre.  Strawberries  are  great 
feeders.  You  must  feed  them  well  to  get 
a  good  crop.  The  best  market  is  the  can¬ 
ning  factory.  Plant  the  kind  of  fruit  that 
is  best,  financially,  and  keep  in  mind  that 
cultivation  is  the  keynote  of  success. 

J.  e.  c. 


NEW-YORKER 


April  8, 


For  Barn  or  Stack 
With  Fork  or  Sling 


Offers  every  convenience  of  any  hay  car¬ 
rier,  and  excels  all  others  in  easy  draft 
and  long  service.  All  troubles  are  elimi¬ 
nated  ;  saves  labor  and  repairs;  and  holds 
the  load  at  any  point. 

Result  of  40  Years’  Experience 

Many  different  styles  adapted  for  every 
requirement.  Tell  us  your  needs,  and  we 
will  forward  tlie  advice  of  specialists. 
Send  for  our  booklet  showing  hay  and 
litter  carriers,  stanchions,  hay  forks  and 
slings.  Agents  wanted  for  Barn  Specialties. 


The  Ricker  Mfg.  Co.,  BBE  SN‘: 


Street 
Y. 


Fastest  Hay  Press 
2’h  Tons  Per  Hour 

Greater  capacity  is  guaranteed  in  all  Spencer 
Presses.  The  guarantee  with  our  Alligator 
Press  says  “22  tons  in  lOhoursornopay.”  Large 
feed  capacity— smooth  and  compact  bales,  uni¬ 
form  in  size.  Load  full  weight  into  cars.  All 
Spencer  Presses  are  biggest  money  makers  be¬ 
cause  they  give  greatest  capacity  at  itny 

smallest  operating  and  repaircost.  Guaranteed 

Write  today  for  Free  illustrated  /n&k  -f  j?  Capacity 
catalog  B.  B.  describing  full  line. 


YEARLY 

OUTPUT 

OVER 

B.500,000 


ALPHA 

PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn,  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


Just  get  the  cost  of  duplicating 
any  one  of  your  farm  buildings 


99 


uari 

:ier 

••  A 

mjL 

=m 

§y/9\ 

VSS 

S£ ,  1 

\ 

; 

f 

\ 

" Says  the  Little 
Paint  Man 


Just  get  the  cost  of  duplicating  any  one 
of  your  farm  buildings  and  compare  that 
cost  with  what  the  building  cost  you 
originally.  Then  you  will  realize  the  importance  of  making 
your  buildings  last  as  long  as  possible. 

The  only  thing  that  prolongs  the  life  of  a  farm  building  is 
paint — not  only  prolongs  its  life,  but  improves  its  appearance 
— and  paint  costs  so  little. 

Find  out  what  lumber  costs  today,  find  out  what  building 
costs,  and  then  send  for  that  little  book,  ‘  ‘Paints  and  Varnishes 
for  the  Farm,”  which  will  tell  you  how  to  get  the  kind  of  paint 
that  offers  the  best  and  longest  protection  for  everything  about 
your  farm  that  needs  paint. 

If  you  should  also  ask  for  the  Portfolio  showing  color 
schemes  for  the  exteriors  of  farm  buildings,  you  will  see  how 
well  buildings  can  be  made  to  look  without  any  extra  cost  for 
paint.  The  same  paint  that  protects  them  will  also  beautify 
them  if  it  is  Sherwin-Williams  Paint  and  it  is  properly  selected 
as  to  colors. 

Address  THE  LITTLE  PAINT  MAN,  care  of 

Sherwin-Williams 

PAINTS  &■  VARNISHES 

635  Canal  Road,  Cleveland,  Ohio.  In  Canada,  897  Centre  Street,  Montreal 
Sold  by  dealers  everywhere.  Ask  for  color  cards 


THE  MOWER  FOR  SERVICE 

Wherever  there  is  grass  to  cut  the  JOHNSTON 
No.  10  Mower  is  known  and  used — and  acknowledged  to 
be  the  best  mower  made.  Has  more  good  features 
than  any  other  mower.  Cuts  all  the  hay,  any  kind 
of  grass,  on  level  or  uneven  ground.  Easy  to  operate; 
no  side  draft ;  gives  a  lifetime  of  dependable  service. 

We  also  make  a  one-horse  mower  (No.  11). 

JOHNSTON  is  made  along  Quality  lines  to  give  perfect  satisfaction 

t  __  .  .  year  after  year;  represents  all  that  is  best  in  farm 

l1 3Tm  Macninery  machine  construction.  Write  for  1911  catalog,  which 
explains  the  superior  construction  of  JOHNSTON  Grain  Binders,  Reapers, 
RaKes,  Manure  Spreaders,  Corn  Binders,  Tedders,  Hay  Loaders,  Ear- 
rows,  etc.  It’s  free.  Send  postal  today.  Box  100  f) 

THE  JOHNSTON  HARVESTER  CO.,  BATAVIA,  N.  Y. 


STOUT— STRONG-DURABLE— CHEAP 

Brown  Fences  will  outlast  any  other  because  of 
heavier  wires  and  thicker  ealvanizing.  Investigate 
before  you  buy.  160  styles  for  all  purposes. 

Bargain  Prices-14c  Per  Rod  Up 

delivered  at  your  railway  station.  Send  today  for 
catalog  and  free  sample  for  test. 

THE  BROWS  FENCE  &  WIRE  CO.. 

Dept  59  CLEVELAND,  OHIO 


CYCLONE 


Fences  and  Gates  for  Farm.  Home, 
Parks  or  Cemeteries.  Increase  prop¬ 
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catalog  and  prices  will  interest  you.  We  pay  freight. 

The  cyclone  woven  Wire  fence  Co. 

1  245  E  55th  STREET  C  LE  V  ELA  N  O,  OH  IO 


LOW  PRICES 

handsome  FENCE 

100  other  styles.  Many  cheaper  than  wood — all  tetter.  For  Lawns, 
Churches,  Parks,  etc.  Write  for  Pattern  Book  and  special  offer. 

THE  WARD  FENCE  CO.,  Box  945  Decatur,  Ind, 


lFENCE™m£S1 


MADE.  Hun 

strong  chick¬ 
en-tight  Sold  to  the  user  at  Wholesale 
Prices.  We  Pay  Freight.  Catalogue  free. 

COILED  SPRING  FENCE  CO.,  te-tb-tM 
Box  2  63  Winchester,  Indiana.  »TlPal» 


moBt  practical  and  helpful  fruit  paper  published. 
Articles  by  practical  suooessful  growers.  One  issue 
tel  1b  how  a  grower  got  $10,000  from  22  acres  of 
peaches;  How  a  woman  got  $4,000  for  apples  off  7 
acres.  Bend  10c,  today.  THE  FRUIT  BELT, 
23  Hawkins,  Building,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


Unclipped 


Clipped 


WHICH  IS  YOURS? 

Clipped  horses  have  more  vigor  and  energy  because  they  dry  off  quick,  rest  well 
at  night  and  get  all  the  good  from  their  feed.  Every  man  who  considers  the  un¬ 
natural  conditions  under  which  horses  now  live  will  help  them  to  better  health  by 
clipping  them  in  the  spring. 

Yourself  or  any  of  the  help  can  clip  a  horse  easily  and  quickly  with  this 


STEWART  Bali  Bearing  Clipping  Machine 


This  machine  turns  easiest  and  clips  the  fastest  of  all  machines.  It  has  all  file- 
hard  cut  steel  gears,  enclosed,  protected  and  running  in  oil.  There  Is  6  feet  of  new 
style,  easy  running  flexible  shaft,  and  the  famous  Stewart  single-nut  tension  clipper 
head — highest  grade.  All  complete,  machine  weighs  only  36  pounds,  q  , 
it  can  be  carried  about  anywhere.  Price,  complete,  as  shown,  only  .  $ 

Get  one  from  your  dealer,  or  send  $2.00  and  we  will  ship  C.  O.D.  for  the  balance. 

Write  for  new  1911  Catalogue.  Send  TODAY. 


7 — 

Chicago  Flexible  Shaft  Co.  143  La  Salle  Ave.,  Chicago 


1911. 


<ql'he;  rural  new-yorkeb 


■460 


A  LIGHT  FRUIT  LADDER. 

At  Fig.  159  1st  a  cut  of  a  safety  ladder 
for  the  benefit  of  fruit  growers.  Take 
1 14  x3-ineh  white  pine  clear  of  flaws  for 
sides,  and  1x3  for  steps,  as  they  are  bettor 
to  stand  on  than  rounds ;  nail  blocks  for 
them  to  rest  on,  and  to  keep  it  from  spread¬ 
ing  put  a  small  rod  under  every  third  step, 
or  wire  will  do ;  double  and  twist  it.  Take 


LIGHT  FRUIT  LADDER.  Fig.  159. 

a  solid  piece  four  feet  long  for  the  “snout"  ; 
bolt  tins  with  two  %-inch  bolts,  with 
wedges  to  make  it  solid.  This  makes  a 
much  lighter  and  handier  ladder  than  the 
old  straight  one.  You  put  the  snout  in 
the  fork  of  a  limb  and  there  is  no  slipping 
or  turning,  nor  knocking  the  fruit  off.  I 
use  different  lengths  to  suit  the  tree.  I 
use  step  ladders  for  small  trees.  I  use 
lime  and  sulphur  with  a  power  sprayer; 
that  keeps  the  trees  in  good  condition. 

Palestine,  O.  H.  H. 


Investing  in  an  Orchard. 

Will  you  advise  me  what  you  consider 
the  chances  are  for  a  man  to  buy  apple 
orchards  in  the  Northwest  and  if  the  in¬ 
vestment  in  your  opinion  is  safe?  I  have 
been  much  interested  in  a  proposition  made 
by  a  land  concern  wherebj  they  contract  to 
plant  40  trees  to  the  acre,  care  for  same 
and  at  the  end  of  five  years  turn  them 
over  to  the  buyer.  The  price  of  the  planted 
orchards  is  $525  per  acre,  which  includes 
the  planting  and  care.  At  that  price  a  10- 
acre  orchard,  counting  interest,  taxes,  etc., 
at  the  time  of  bearing,  would  cost  about 
$8,000,  without  any  buildings.  The  point 
I  wish  to  bring  out  is,  would  you  advise 
the  buying  of  a  good  bearing  orchard,  say 
in  Virginia,  buildings  and  all  complete, 
which,  I  am  told,  can  be  bought  for  about 
the  same  money  as  the  Idaho  land  costs? 
I  realize  that  there  is  a  difference  in  or¬ 
chards,  buildings,  etc.,  but  don’t  you  think 
that  for  $8,000  or  $10,000  a  good  bearing 
orchard  can  be  bought  in  the  South,  where 
the  profits  would  be  just  as  large  and  the 
risk  much  less?  a.  a. 

The  II.  N.-Y.  has  steadily  advised  against 
an  investment  in  companies  which  offer  to 
plant  orchards  in  any  such  way.  For  some 
years  we  have  publicly  challenged  any  such 
company  to  come  forward  and  show  where 
the  small  investor  has  made  anything  out 
of  it.  It  might  be  possible  to  do  such 
work,  but  in  our  judgment  the  chances  for 
getting  a  bearing  orchard  in  Virginia  or  in 
New  England  or  Pennsylvania,  if  the.  trees 
are  of  good  variety  and  in  fair  condition, 
would  appeal  to  us„as  an  investment  rather 
than  some  unplanted  orchard  far  away.  But 
no  matter  where  the  orchard  is,  do  not 
touch  it  until  some  expert  who  is  disin¬ 
terested  goes  and  looks  it  all  over.  You 
would  not  buy  land  unless  a  good  lawyer 
looked  up  the  records  and  proved  the  title 
O.  K.  You  would  not  put  $8,000  into  the 
grocery  business  or  into  manufacturing  un¬ 
less  some  accountant  or  expert  pronounced 
it  right.  Do  not  think  of  buying  an  or¬ 
chard  until  some  practical  farmer  and  fruit 
grower  I00L3  it  over  and  guarantees  it. 
Pay  him  for  his  services  as  you  would  a 
lawyer. 


Powder  Refuse. 

What  is  the  fertilizing  value  of  “potash 
salt”  or  refuse  from  powder  making  fac¬ 
tories? 

The  refuse  from  potash  mills  is  quite 
variable  in  composition.  Samples  which 
our  Station  has  analyzed  contain,  approxi¬ 
mately,  one-quarter  of  a  per  cent,  of  pitro- 
gen  and  about  three-quarters  of  a  per  cent, 
of  potash.  I  should  place  a  maximum 
value  on  this  material  of  $2  per  ton ;  I 
should  not  care  to  pay  more  for  it. 

N.  J  Exp.  ^Ration,  jacob  g.  livman. 


AN  ALFALFA  SERMON. 

In  1904  I  bought  a  piece  of  ground  that 
was  in  very  poor  condition,  due  to  im¬ 
proper  management  and  cultivation.  A  part 
of  this  tract  lies  along  a  wood  lot,  but  about 
two-thirds  is  along  cultivated  land.  That 
part  lying  along  the  wood  lot  was  in  wheat, 
while  the  remainder  was  a  field  which  had 
not  been  cultivated  for  a  number  of  years. 
That  lyin'1'  along  the  cultivated  land  I  put 
in  po‘  following  y.  nr  I 

the  fields  and  put  both  parts  in  corn.  After 
the  corn  was  off  I  seeded  to  wheat.  For 
the  potatoes  I  manured  the  land  and  used 
a  good  grade  of  commercial  fertilizer.  The 
following  Spring  I  manured  all  the  land 
again  for  corn  and  applied  a  complete  fer¬ 
tilizer.  With  the  wheat  I  drilled  in  the 
fertilizer  again  at  the  rate  of  500  pounds 
to  the  acre.  This  brought  me  a  fair  crop 
of  wheat,  about  25  bushels  per  acre.  On 
July  4  and  5  I  plowed  the  land,  on  the 
6th  I  harrowed  and  dragged  it  four  or 
five  times.  After  that  date  I  failed  only 
one  week  to  work  on  the  ground,  and  that 
week  it  was  too  wet  until  August  11.  IIow 
often  I  harrowed  I  cannot  tell,  but  I  am 
sure  not  less  than  20  times.  During  this 
time  I  put  on  lime  at  the  rate  of  about 
30  bushels  to  the  acre,  and  a  light  coat  of 
manure ;  both  of  which  were  thoroughly 
worked  into  the  soil  by  the  frequent  bar- 
rowings.  During  the  night  of  August  10 
we  had  a  light  shower;  the  next  morning  it 
was  too  wet  to  work  in  the  ground,  but 
in  the  afternoon  I  sowed  the  Alfalfa  at  the 
rate  of  about  20  pounds  per  acre.  Just  as 
I  finished  we  had  another  nice  shower. 
This  was  about  two  o’clock  on  Saturday. 
On  Monday  at  four  o’clock  (50  hours)  I 
found  a  large  per  cent,  of  it  up.  It  grew 
nicely  all  Fall,  and  by  the  middle  of  Sep¬ 
tember  it  was  from  eight  to  10  inches  high 
when  I  clipped  it.  It  will  be  noticed  that 
we  had  ideal  weather  all  Fall,  which  ac¬ 
counts  for  the  remarkably  quick  germina¬ 
tion  as  well  as  the  fine  growth  made  that 
season. 

The  following  season.  1907,  I  had  one 
fine  crop — the  first  cutting.  ,  As  I  cut  it 
as  a  soiling  crop  each  year  up  to  1910  I 
can  give  ,no  estimate  of  the  amount  cut. 
After  the  first  cutting  we  had  a  very  dry 
spell,  which  lasted  during  the  whole  grow¬ 
ing  season,  so  that  I  did  not  get  much  of  a 
crop  afterwards.  Early  in  August  I  noticed 
that  that  part  which  lies  along  the  wood 
lot  was  turning  yellow.  I  was  advised  by 
a  professor  from  an  agricultural  college  to 

harrow  it.  This  I  did  August  10.  1  was 

assured  that  the  harrowing  would  stop  the 
yellows.  But  it  did  no  such  thing.  On 
the  contrary  it  kept  on  getting  worse  and 
worse.  After  a  while  I  noticed  that  the 
other  part  was  getting  yellow  also.  Na¬ 
turally  I  thought  it  was  due  to  want  of 
inoculation,  but  frequently  examinations 
convinced  me  that  there  were  enough 
nodules  on  the  roots.  Later,  in  the  Fall, 
one  of  the  _professors  of  Pennsylvania  State 
Uollege  visited  me  and  he  assured  me  that 
there  wore  plenty  of  bacteria  on  the  roots. 

The  following  year  (1908)  there  was  a 
repetition  of  the  year  before ;  one  good 
crop,  the  rest  partial  failures,  due  to  want 
of  moisture.  But  now  harrowing  showed 
its  good  results.  The  part  harrowed  was 
much  better  than  the  part  not  harrowed ; 
not  only  this  but  where  I  had  harrowed 
there  were  no  weeds  nor  other  grasses  to 
be  found.  In  July  of  that  year,  simply 
ns  aii  experiment.  I  sowed  a  fertilizer  con¬ 
taining  two  per  cent  of  potash  and  10  per 
cent  of  phosphoric  acid  crosswise  over  the 
patch  at  two  different  places,  fl'he  follow¬ 
ing  Spring  these  places  could  be  seen  from 
a  distance.  That  Spring  I  manured  the 
whole  piece,  except  one  narrow  strip,  with 
barnyard  manure.  I  again  cut  a  fine  first 
crop,  but  again  we  had  a  dry  season,  and 
tin1  other  cuttings  were  a  failure,  so  much 
so  that  some  of  It  I  did  not  cut  at  all 
after  the  first  time.  The  part  cut  only 
once  produced  some  seed,  and  contrary  to 
general  belief,  it  did  not  seem  to  hurt  it  a 
hit.  I  now  sold  all  my  cows,  and  had  no 
more  use  for  a  soiling  crop,  so  last  season 
I  cut  it  for  hay.  As  the  season  was  late  I 
did  not  cut  until  June  23.  This  crop  was 
a  good  one,  except  the  strip  not  manured 
the  previous  year,  which  was  almost  an  en¬ 
tire  failure.  The  latter  part  of  July  I  cut 
the  second  crop,  which  made  about  one  ton 
to  the  acre.  This  small  crop  was  again 
due  to  want  of  rain.  After  the  first  cut¬ 
ting  was  off  we  had  no  rain  until  Fall, 
and  of  course  I  got  no  crop  worth  cutting 
after  the  second  one.  The  Fall  rains,  how¬ 
ever,  revived  it  again  so  that  there  is  a 
good  prospect  for  the  future. 

I  have  thus  described  my  experience 
rather  minutely  for  the  purpose  of  draw¬ 
ing  certain  conclusions.  First,  while  all 
conditions  must  be  right,  such  as  drain¬ 
age,  proper  preparation  of  the  seed  bed.  a 
sweet  soil,  good  seed,  etc.,  yet  all  these 
will  avail  nothing  if  there  is  not  enough 
moisture  in  the  soil.  Later  experiences 
have  convinced  me  that  failure  to  get  a 
stand  is  due  to  want  of  moisture  as  often 
as  to  any  other  cause.  Second,  inocula¬ 
tion  may  be  necessary  in  many  places. 
With  me  it  was  not.  The  nearest  to  my 
place  Alfalfa  had  been  grown  was  five 
miles.  I  used  no  inoculation,  nor  is  there 
any  Sweet  clover  growing  in  the  commun¬ 
ity.  Again  later  experience  has  shown  that 
other  lands  I  own  do  not  need  inoculation. 
Cultivation  is  as  necessary  as  inoculation. 
By  thorough  harrowing  not  only  can  the 
weeds  be  kept  down  but  the  yield  can  be 
largely  increased ;  an  old-fashioned  spike 
harrow  is  as  good  as  any  other  implement 
provided  it  is  well  sharpened  and  well 
weighted.  Alfalfa  turning  yellow  is  not  al¬ 
ways,  if  ever,  a  sign  of  disease,  but  is  due 
to  want  of  moisture.  The  general  opinion 
that  Alfalfa  will  do  well  on  dry  soils  or  in 
dry  seasons  is  not  my  experience.  On  the 
other  hand,  it  requires  as  much  rain  as 
clover  or  any  of  the  grasses.  A  fertile 
soil,  with  proper  attention  in  seeding  and 
proper  care  afterwards  by  good  cultiva¬ 
tion  and  good  feeding,  makes  it  one  of  the 
best  paying  crops  a  farmer  can  raise. 

Pennsylvania.  e.  b.  g. 


TOWN 


*vi 

"  Who 
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First? 


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470 


THE  RURAL  NEW-  VORKEB 


April  8, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


FLORIDA  NOTES.  No.  7. 

1  did  not  expect  to  touch  Florida  a^gain 
for  some  weeks,  but  there  have  been  many 
letters  asking  about  the  human  side  of  life 
in  this  country.  1  thought  of  this  on  the 
morning  of  March  21  as  we  came  out  of 
the  house  after  breakfast  into  the  sweet 
Florida  air.  I  was  there  for  a  flying  visit, 
helping  make  plans  for  shipping  the  big 
family  back  North.  I  had  a  man  tell  me 
last  week  that  Florida  was  too  dull  for 
him.  Jle  would  rust  out.  There  was  “more 
life  and  human  nature  ou  Broadway,  New 
York,  in  15  minutes  than  in  a  week  of 
Florida.”  So  I  thought  I  would  see  how 
much  “real  human  nature”  the  sun  could 
observe  as  l’utnain  Co.  revolved  beneath  his 
eye. 

As  I  came  outdoors  the  sun  was  bright, 
with  hardly  a  cloud  in 'the  sky.  .The  mer¬ 
cury  stood  at  about  Go  degrees.  Most  of 
the  bloom  had  fallen  from  the  orange  trees, 
and  the  young  fruit  had  begun  to  form, 
while  the  new  leaves  showed  their  light 
green  against  the  darker  old  leaves.  On  the 
tree  by  the  gate  there  were  peaches  as 
large  as  walnuts.  A  drove  of  half-wild  hogs 
from  the  woods  went  slowly  along  the  vil¬ 
lage  street  with  one  eye  open  for  food  and 
the  other  watching  for  a  possible  hole  in  a 
fence  through  which  they  might  crawl  into 
a  grove  or  garden.  For  while  no  one  seems 
to  think  it  worth  while  to  bolt  or  even 
shut  a  house  door  at  night,  except  for 
warmth,  there  must  be  wire  with  a  barb  on 
it  around  every  growing  thing  that  a  hog 
could  fancy.  Two  red  hens  with  their 
broods  of  chickens  ran  about  under  the 
orange  trees.  In  front  of  the  house  I 
found  a  group  of  “redheads  and  tow- 
heads”  gathered  around  a  fisherman  who 
carried  a  fertilizer  sack.  lie  nad  caught 
three  young  alligators,  and  the  children 
were  buying  them.  They  finally  got  the 
three  for  a  dollar,  and  they  inte  id  taking 
the  hideous  things  back  to  New  Jersey  to 
“raise”  them.  You  may  yet  see  an  im¬ 
proved  brand  of  Hope  Farm  alligator. 
Finally  the  school  bell  rang,  and  the  older 
children  scattered,  while  the  little  ones 
played  on.  I  have  said  that  the  child  crop 
is  a  vanishing  product  in  this  locality. 
There  are,  I  understand,  but  four  white 
children  of  school  age — not  enough  to  main¬ 
tain  a  school !  There  is  a  broken  and 
abandoned  sclioolhouse  here,  but  it  has  not 
been  occupied  for  some  years.  There  is  a 
school  for  colored  children.  In  a  short 
time  1  hope  to  show  pictures  of  the  colored 
school  children  and  also  the  whites.  Our 
people  opened  a  school  here,  but  in  this 
locality  the  State  actually  does  more  for 
educating  colored  children  than  for  whites. 
Think  over  what  that  means  and  see  if 
Broadway  can  match  the  “human  nature” 
which  comes  out  of  such  a  situation.  Our 
own  children  are  rosy  as  flowers.  They 
ought  to  be,  for  they  have  played  out  in 
the  sun  every  day  since  December  1.  They 
would  have  gone  barefooted  nine  days  out 
of  10,  but  for  sand  burrs  and  hookworms — 
for  that  dread  disease  gets  into  the  system 
through  the  feet.  Florida  is  surely  a  Win¬ 
ter  paradise  for  children  and  elderly  peo¬ 
ple.  As  the  children  pen  up  their  alligators 
and  separate  for  school  and  play  an  old 
man  walks  with  linn  and  active  step  down 
the  shaded  street  to  the  store.  lie  is  89 
years  old  and  is  still  planting  a  garden — 
very  likely  for  the  seventieth  time !  On 
the  platform  of  the  store  he  will  meet  a 
group  of  men  who  will  sit  for  hours  dis¬ 
cussing  the  weather  or  looking  off  through 
the  pines  toward  the  blue  lake.  On  Broad¬ 
way  people  are  rushing  to  and  fro  with  set, 
anxious  faces,  tearing  their  hearts  out  in 
the  fierce  struggle  for  food,  clothing,  amuse¬ 
ment  and  shelter.  There  is  quite  as  much 
“human  nature”  about  these  slow  and  gen¬ 
tle  dreamers,  basking  in  the  Florida  sun. 
In  this  little  place  where  our  folks  have 
wintered  there  are  nine  different  men  who 
live  alone.  There  are  perhaps  30  voters  in 
this  district,  and  strange  as  it  may  seem 
to  many  of  our  readers,  they  are  about 
evenly  divided  between  the  two  great 
parties.  That  is  because  a  number  of  old 
soldiers  have  moved  in  here.  They  draw 
their  pensions,  work  their  little  gardens  or 
groves  and  live  at  peace  in  this  care¬ 
free  land.  “Human  nature?”  Ask  these 
old  soldiers  with  “warfare  over”  as  the 
sun  goes  down,  and  they  look  out  over  the 
lake,  why  they  ever  came  to  Florida,  and 
if  they  are  disappointed.  If  you  started  a 
contest  with  a  prize  for  the  man  who  can 
take  the  longest  time  to  travel  a  mile  I 
could  enter  several  citizens.  Yet  it  was  in 
Florida  that  the  world’s  record  for  speed 
with  a  motor  car  was  made.  While  some 
of  our  neighbors  might  consume  two  hours 
in  going  a  mile  it  was  in  Florida  that  Old¬ 
field  drove  a  car  one  mile  in  27  1-3  seconds ! 
This  contrast  in  speed  is  a  very  good  illus¬ 
tration  of  the  contrary  character  of  Florida 
climate  and  conditions.  Many  people  fail 
here  because  they  try  to  fit  Broadway 
“human  nature”  to  this  balmy,  gentle  land. 
You  cannot  use  the  same  brand  ! 

The  forenoon  wore  off  lazily.  Across  the 
load  a  man  was  working  a  mule  on  a  cul¬ 


tivator: — tearing  up  the  surface  of  an  old 
orange  grove.  The  only  auto  in  the  town 
went  by  over  the  pine-paved  road,  the  very 
cough  of  its  exhaust  pipe  sounding  like  a 
lung  rapidly  healing  in  the  soft  air. 
Charlie  went  by  followed  by  a  big  colored 
man.  They  carry  spades  and  axes,  for 
Charlie  is  sexton,  and  this  is  one  of  the 
rare  occasions  when  a  grave  is  to  be  dug, 
for  some  old  resident  is  being  brought  home 
to  be  buried. 

Mother  and  I  had  planned  to  take  the 
train  at  noon  .and  go  south  a  few  miles 
to  do  some  “shopping”  and  look  up  a 
“colony"  or  land  boom  scheme.  So  we  got 
ready  and  went  to  the  station  in  ample 
time.  And  there  we  waited,  as  everyone 
else  does  in  this  land  of  to-morrow.  An 
hour  crawled  by,  and  still  there  was  noth¬ 
ing  in  sight  up  the  track  except  the  dis¬ 
tant  pines  and  the  heat  rising  from  the' 
hot  sand.  No  one  quarrels  with  fate  in 
Florida — what  is  the  use?  L’nder  similar 
circumstances  in  New  Jersey  I  should  have 
been  held  in  some  way  responsible  for  the 
delay,  but  here  it  did  not  matter- — if  the 
train  did  not  come,  another  day  would  do. 
We  waited  about  100  long  minutes  and 
then  the  good  lady  announced  that  she 
was  going  home,  as  there  would  not  be  time 
to  get  around.  And  borne  she  went,  good- 
natured  and  smiling  as  the  Florida  sun. 
Let  me  add  that  the  next  day  we  waited 
nearly  two  hours  again  and  then  went 
home  once  more — but  who  cares  whether 
you  go  to-day  or  on  some  future  “to¬ 
morrow  ?” 

Having  been  cut  out  of  our  trip  I  got 
interested  in  the  funeral.  A  little  group 
of  wagons  was  drawn  up  under  the  pines 
waiting  for  the  train.  I  have  said  that  an 
old  resident  was  coming  “home” — to  be 
buried  by  the  side  of  husband  and  rela¬ 
tives — in  the  rough  little  cemetery  behind 
the  pines.  At  last  a  puff  of  thick  smoke 
up  the  track  showed  where  the  dawdling 
train  was  showing  the  true  speed  of  a 
hearse.  Down  the  grade  it  came,  halting 
with  many  a  wheeze  and  groan  in  front 
of  the  little  station  where  the  fated  box 
was  taken  off.  Our  little  funeral  proces¬ 
sion  was  quickly  made  up.  Uncle  Ed. 
drove  old  Frank  ahead  witli  the  minister 
and  the  Hope  Farm  man  as  passengers. 
Then  came  tne  dead  in  a  farm  wagon  with 
a  half-dozen  one-horse  teams  straggling  on 
behind.  Your  funeral  ou  Broadway  with 
its  gilded  hearse,  black  horses  and  nodding 
plumes  might  be  far  more  imposing.  Who 
can  say,  however,  that  there  was  less  of 
“human  nature”  in  this  little  weather¬ 
beaten  string  crawling  over  the  Florida 
sand?  I  was  thinking  as  we  went  how 
this  dead  woman  had  seen  what  seemed 
like  the  death  of  hope  in  this  land.  For 
right  where  we  were  passing  on  these  dead 
fields  she  had  seen  orange  groves  in  full 
fruitage — and  had  seen  them  all  wiped  out 
in  a  day  of  frost ! 

You  would  have  said  that  Charlie  stood 
leaning  on  his  spado  beside  two  great 
heaps  of  snow.  The  soil  was  a  pure  white 
sand,  and  as  they  threw  it  from  the  grave 
it  had  drifted  in  over  the  sides  until  no 
dark  color  showed.  On  “Broadway”  there 
would  have  been  an  imposing  procession, 
the  organ  pouring  out  topes  that  seem  to 
carry  a  message  far  beyond  the  comprehen¬ 
sion*  of  the  living.  Here  in  this  lonely 
little  clearing  my  friend  the  minister  led 
the  way,  the  little  group  of  mourners  fol¬ 
lowing,*  and  Charlie  and  Uncle  Ed,  with  a 
few  neighbors  carrying  the  dead.  1  wish 
1  could  have  had  you  there  with  me  you 
who  say  that  life  and  human  nature  crowd 
into  the  “lively"  places.  I  wish  I  could 
paint  the  picture  as  I  saw  it. 

The  minister  and  the  station  agent's  wife 
began  to  sing.  One  of  the  men  who  helped 
carry  the  coffin  laid  down  his  load  and 
joined  the  singers.  They  wanted  me  to 
make  a  quartette,  but  1  am  no  musician 
and  I  could  not  have  made  a  sound.  It 
was  better  for  me  to  stand  in  the  back¬ 
ground  against  a  tree  by  the  side  of  Hie 
colored  mail  who  leaned  on  his  shining 
spade  and  bowed  his  gray  head.  For  does 
not  the  color  line  fade  out  at  the  grav-o? 

I  wish  you  could  have  seen  it ;  tin*  little 
group  of  singers,  the  sad  group  under  tne 
pines,  the  earth  piled  up  like  snow  drifts, 
the  pine  tops  waving  and  moaning,  and 
the  Florida  sun  streaming  over  all.  I  felt 
the  pine  tree  against  which  I  leaned 
tremble  as  the  wind  blew  through  its  top. 
In  a  tree  over  us  a  grey  squirrel  turned 
his  ear  as  if  to  listen.  For  gathered  around 
those  piles  of  glistening  sand  were  men  and 
women  who  carried  all  that  the  world  holds 
of  "human  nature  tragedy,  despair,  hope, 
sorrow  and  peace.  Not  100  feet  from  where 
I  stood  was  a  row  of  six  little  white 
stones  where  six  old  army  comrades  were 
buried.  I  studied  their  names.  Six  men 
of  the  army  and  navy  from  New  York, 
Maine,  New  Hampshire,  South  Carolina, 
Vermont  and  Ohio.  There  they  lie  in  the 
sand,  sleeping  “the  sleep  that  knows  no 
waking.”  And  this  woman  wanted  to  be 
brought  back  to  this  lonely  place  that  she 
might  rest  with  her  people.  "Human 
nature?”  I  made  a  dull  companion  as  old 
Frank  toiled  back  with  us  to  the  village. 

Our  folks  had  left  the  house,  and  I  fol¬ 
lowed  them  along  the  shady  path  to  the 
lake.  The  younger  people  had  been  in 
bathing.  They  were  sitting  on  .  the  lake 
shore— the  children  shouting  and  playing 
as  they  ran  about  the  beach.  I  am  glad 
they  wore  not  at  the  funeral.  As  Mother 
and  I  walked  slowly  home  the  little  ones 
came  trailing  on,  waving  branches  of  palm 
and  singing.  And  there,  over  the  fence,  was 
our  famous  gallon  and  a  half  cow — easily 
the  most  energetic  citizen  in  the  place. 

Night  comes  quickly  in  Florida,  and 
brings  a  chill  with  it.  The  sun  'seems  to 
tumble  directly  into  the  west  and  to  leave 
little  warmth  behind.  Before  we  ended  our 
slow  walk  home  darkness  had  fallen  and 
Uncle  Ed,  had  started  a  grateful  fire  of 
logs.  As  if  to  demonstrate  the  Florida 
axiom  that  there  are  only  two  absolutely 
sure  things — death  and  taxes — we  found 
the  county  assessor  before  the  fire.  He 
had  reached  us  in  his  rounds,  and  was 
ready  to  tell  us  all  how  much  we  owe  the 
State.  You  will  see  therefore  that  the 
human  side  of  life  in  Florida  is  much  the 
same  as  anywhere  else,  only  “more  so,” 
for  here  there  is  no  artifice*  or  straining 
after  effect.  Men  and  women  are  naturally 
human— as  they  were  meant  to  be. 

J.  w.  c. 


Health  and  peace  join 

hands  to  bring  happiness 
to  all  while  prosperity  shines  brightly  ’round 
the  farm  fenced  with 

“Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Fence 

In  quality  of  material,  method  of  construction,  durability 
with  real  service,  as  well  as  in  distinctive  appearance, 
“Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Fence  stands  pre-eminently  first. 

Electrically  Welded 

at  the  joints,  these  are  the  fence’s  strongest  parts.  “  One 
solid  piece  of  metal  ”  aptly  phrases  it.  Through  the  hard¬ 
est  usage,  “  Pittsburgh  Perfect  ”  Fence  stands  erect,  even 
and  firm. 

Open  Hearth  Wire,  made  from  our  own  formula  and  perfecUy  galvan¬ 
ized  with  pure  zinc  (the  only  galvanizing  metal  absolutely  rust  proof), 
is  the  strongest,  toughest  and  most  lasting  fence  wire  possible  to  manu¬ 
facture,  and  is  used  exclusively  in  “  PITTSBURGH  PERFECT”  Fence 

For  Field,  Farm,  Ranch,  Lawn,  Poultry  Purposes 

“Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Fence  perfectly  meets  the  most  exacting  re¬ 
quirements.  Write  for  catalogue,  or  look  up  the  best  dealer  in  your 
town — he  handles  “Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Fence  exclusively. 

Pittsburgh  Steel  Company,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Manufacturers  of  “Pittsburgh  Perfect ”  Brands  of  Barbed  Wire; 

Bright,  Annealed  and  Galvanized  Fence  Staples,  Standard  Wire  Nails 
and  “Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Electrically  Welded  Fence 


tOOK  FOR 
THIS 

TRADE  MARK 


FROST 
WIRE  FENCES 

STRtNGTH,  SERVICE  and  SATISFACTION 

woven  in  every  rod  of  our  fence. 
We  combine  best  grade  of  material 
with  expert  workmanship.  Most  last¬ 
ing  fence  made.  Free  catalog  upon 
request.  Ask  your  dealer. 

THE  FROST  WIRE  FENCE  CO. 

Dept.  H  Cleveland,  O. 


£  Cents  a  Rod 


For  18-in.  14  3-4efor  22-In.  Hog 
Fence;  15efor  26-Inch;  18  8-4  e 
for  82-ineh;  2»e  for  a  47-inch 
Farm  Fence.  48-lnch  Poultry 
fence  28  l-2e.  Sold  on  30  days 
trial.  80  rod  spool  Ideal  Barb 
Wire  $1.45  Catalogue  free. 

KITSELMAN  BROS., 
Box  230  MUNCIE,  IND. 


Heavy  Fence 

For  Economy 

W OVEN-WIRE  FENCES  must  be  heavy  as 
they  have  to  turn  animals  by  sheer  strength 
of  the  wire.  A  fence  with  barbs  is  protected 
from  excessive  pressure  because  the  animal  fears  the 
barbs.  Remove  the  barbs  and  the  greatest  strength 
of  the  animal  is  thrown  upon  the  fence.  Its  wires 
must  be  larger  and  stronger.  To  have  a  long-life 
woven-wire  fence  the  fence  must  be  heavy. 

AMERICAN 

FENCE 

is  a  thoroughly  galvanized  square  mesh  fence  of 
weight,  strength  and  durability.  Large  wires  are 
used  and  the  whole  fabric  is  woven  together  with 
the  American  hinged  joint  (patented) — the  most 
substantial  and  flexible  union  possible.  Both  wires 
are  positively  locked  and  firmly  held  against  sideslip 
and  yet  are  free  to  act  like  a  hinge  in  yielding  to 
pressure,  returning  quickly  to  place  without  bending 
or  injuring  the  metal. 

f) (i n  1  c  F*  .,1.^,  — Stocks  of  American  Fence 

LSCrticid  nvciywiicre  are  carried  in  every  place 
where  farm  supplies  are  sold.  The  Fence  is  shipped  to  these 
points  in  carload  lots,  thereby  securing  the  cheapest  transpor¬ 
tation,  and  the  saving  in  freight  thus  made  enables  it  to  be  sold 
at  the  lowest  prices.  Look  for  the  American  Fence  dealer  and 
get  the  substantial  advantages  he  is  enabled  to  offer.  He  is 
there  to  serve  the  purchaser  in  person,  offer  the  variety  of 
selection  and  save  the  buyer  money  in  many  ways. 


FRANK  BAACKES,  Vice  President  and  General  Sales  Agent 

American  Steel  &  Wire  Company 

Chicago  New  York  Denver  San  Francisco 


Send  tor  copy  of  “ American  Fence  News,”  profusely  illustrated ,  devoted  to  the  interests 
o'  farmers  and  showing  how  fence  may  be  employed  to  enhance  the  earning  power  of  a  farm. 
Furnished  free  upon  application. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


471 


Ruralisms 


FLOWER  GARDEN  ENEMIES. 

A.  J.  B.,  Phishing,  N.  Y. — 1.  Last  season 
my  Dahlias  were  attacked  by  a  worm  which 
entered  the  stalks  several  inches  above  the 
ground  and  fed  on  the  inside  portion  of  the 
stems,  causing  the  blooms  to  blast  and  the 
stems  to  flop  over.  On  taking  up  roots  in 
the  Fall  I  found  the  worms'  had  eaten  down 
into  the  tubers.  What  are  they?  Do  they 
lay  their  eggs  in  the  roots  or  is  the  ground 
infested?  Would  soaking  roots  in  formalin 
before  planting,  as  seed  potatoes  are 
treated,  destroy  them?  If  so,  how  should 
it  be  used?  Or  should  the  beds  or  plants 
be  treated,  and  how?  2.  I  would  also  like 
to  know  how  to  kill  scale  insects  on  holly¬ 
hocks.  3.  Is  there  any  effectual  remedy  for 
the  Hose  chafer?  I  have  tried  arsenate  of 
lead  with  indifferent  results,  as  they  come 
in  such  great  numbers,  just  as  roses  are 
bursting  into  bloom,  that  they  devour  them 
bodily,  and  previous  applications  of  the 
arsenate  of  lead  do  not  seem  to  stop  them  ; 
it  also  discolors  both  flowers  aud  foliage. 

Ans. — 1.  This  Dahlia  trouble  has  never 
come  under  our  observation,  and  we 
find  no  reference  to  it  in  accessible 
Dahlia  literature.  But  an  old  volume 
of  Harris's  “Insects  Injurious  to  Vege¬ 
tation,”  issued  in  1862,  describes  the 
corn  spindle-worm,  a  pest  commonly  at¬ 
tacking  corn,  as  also  boring  into  the 
stems  of  Dahlias,  and  the  same  insect 
is  described  by  Mrs.  Mary  Treat  in 
“Injurious  Insects  of  the  Farm  and 
Garden”  (1882),  under  the  name  of  the 
potato  stalk-borer.  Mrs.  Treat  says  this 
insect  attacks  potatoes,  tomatoes,  Dah¬ 
lias,  Asters  and  Indian  corn.  It  is  the 
larva  of  a  small  moth,  and  leaves  the 
stalk  in  which  it  has  burrowed  the 
latter  part  of  July,  entering  the  ground 
for  its  chrysalis  state.  The  moth 
emerges  from  the  end  of  August  to  the 
middle  of  September,  probably  hiber¬ 
nating  in  sheltered  places.  It  will  be 
seen  that  any  treatment  must  be  given 
to  the  garden,  not  to  the  Dahlia  roots, 
since  they  are  not  infested.  As  soon 
as  any  wilt  is  noticed,  remove  the  stalk 
and  look  for  the  depredator.  It  is  quite 
probable  that  frequent  surface  cultiva¬ 
tion,  which  is  excellent  for  Dahlias, 
would  disturb  the  pupating  insect,  as  we 
do  not  understand  that  it  goes  down 
very  deep.  As  the  Dahlia  especially 
needs  this  cultivation  during  the  dry 
period  of  July  and  August,  which  hap¬ 
pens  to  be  the  time  the  insect  is  pupat¬ 
ing,  we  do  not  think  it  would  he  difficult 
to  keep  it  in  check.  Mrs.  T reat  says  that 
the  common  cockle-bur  is  a  favorite  host 
plant  for  this  insect,  which  reminds  us 
once  more  that  weeds  are  not  only  un¬ 
sightly  but  also  a  refuge  for  garden 
pests. 

2.  We  have  never  yet  seen  scale  in¬ 
sects  on  hollyhocks — not  that  such  in¬ 
festation  is  impossible.  But  is  it  surely 
scale,  and  not  aphides  or  plant  lice, 
black  or  green?  Some  years,  when 
aphis  infestation  is  prevalent,  these 
lice  attack  many  strong-growing  garden 
plants,  such  as  hollyhocks,  Rudbeckia 
Golden  Glow,  etc.  If  aphides  and  not 
scale,  where  there  is  strong  water  pres¬ 
sure  they  are  often  dislodged  by  a  strong 
douche  of  cold  water  from  the  hose,  but 
a  vigorous  dose  of  tobacco  water  or 
kerosene  emulsion  is  always  effectual,  or 
whale-oil  soapsuds.  If  scale  really  does 
affect  hollyhocks,  we  doubt  whether  any 
spray  could  be  used,  and  would  cut  and 
burn  the  infested  stalks. 

3.  The  disgusting  Rose-chafer  seems 
to  flourish  upon  cold  poison  applied  as  a 
spray,  and  the  only  thing  we  can  recom¬ 
mend  is  hand-picking  into  a  pail  con¬ 
taining  kerosene  and  water ;  the  layer 
of  kerosene  on  top  of  the  water  dis¬ 
courages  the  insects,  and  we  then  burn 
the  mass.  Arsenic  dusted  over  the  rose 
plants  is  fatal  to  them,  but  is  entirely  too 
dangerous  to  use  about  our  roses.  Some 
years  we  have  little  trouble  with  Rose- 
chafers,  but  when  they  come  in  force 
there  is  little  protection  against  them. 
They  always  attack  the  light-colored 
flowers  first,  owing,  entomologists  say, 
to  their  excessive  short-sightedness,  so 
we  can  only  pick  them  as  far  as  pos¬ 
sible,  and  comfort  ourselves  with  Prince 
Camille  de  Rohan,  Alfred  de  Rouge- 
mont,  Ulrich  Brunner,  and  the  other 
glowing  crimsons  that  do  not  attract 
them. 


Apples  for  Maryland. 


best  of  the  Winter  apples,  and  the  old 
Winesap  is  a  standard  there,  too.  York 
Imperial  is  a  good  bearer  and  the  tree  is 
suited  to  the  climate  of  the  coast  coun¬ 
try,  but  the  apples  are  not  of  very  high 
quality.  Grimes  is  one  of  the  very  best 
in  flavor  of  all  apples,  and  bears  well  in 
that  section,  but  it  is  not  a  late  keeper. 
However,  the  fruit  sells  well  and  there 
is  no  danger  of  any  serious  loss  in  the 
crops.  There  is  fair  profit  in  growing 
early  apples  on  the  Chesapeake  penin¬ 
sula,  for  they  are  close  to  the  big  mar¬ 
kets  and  ripen  before  there  are  many  on 
sale  from  other  sections.  The  Randolph 
is  one  of  the  best  of  this  class.  Yellow 
Transparent  is  earlier,  but  it  is  very 
delicate  and  must  be  handled  with  ex¬ 
treme  care.  Oldenburg  comes  later  but 
will  bear  early.  The  bulk  of  an  apple 
orchard  in  the  region  mentioned  should 
be  of  Stayman  and  Winesap.  The  last 
three,  Randolph,  Yellow  Transparent 
and  Oldenburg,  will  be  very  good  to 
plant  as  fillers  among  the  later  varieties. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 

Spraying  in  a  Small  Way. 

IF.  G.,  Yonkers,  X.  Y. — Would  the  sub¬ 
ject  of  spraying  a  few  trees  and  shrubs 
interest  many  of  your  readers?  I  should 
think  you  would  have  many  who,  like  my¬ 
self.  cannot  afford  expensive  apparatus,  yet 
would  like  to  treat  their  trees  as  iu  a  com¬ 
mercial  up-to-date  orchard.  I  have  used  the 
small  hand  sprayers,  hut  it  is  impossible,  to 
give  the  time  and  labor  necessary  with 
them  on  fairly  large  trees  to  insure  a  good 
job. 

Ans— The  small  hand  sprayers  and 
even  the  more  powerful  “bucket 
pumps”  offered  by  dealers  in  horticul¬ 
tural  supplies  are  not  only  relatively  in¬ 
effective  when  used  for  any  but  the 
smallest  trees  and  shrubs,  but,  in  the 
writer’s  experience,  quickly  get  out  of 
order  with  even  moderate  use.  The 
most  practical  implement  is  a  well-made 
force-pump  with  cylinder  and  valves  of 
brass,  or  other  non-corrosive  metal,  fitted 
with  a  good  Vermorel  nozzle  and  10  to 
15  feet  of  the  strongest  half  inch  rub¬ 
ber  hose.  Such  an  outfit  costs  about 
$10,  exclusive  of  barrel  or  container 
of  spray  material,  and  will  last  many 
years  and  be  always  ready  for  use  if 
thoroughly  washed  out  with  pure  water 
after  using  and  stored  in  a  dry,  cool 
place.  Do  not  accept  a  pump  with  rub¬ 
ber  or  leather  valves  or  packing  at  any 
price,  as  it  will  rarely  be  found  in  proper 
condition  when  urgently  needed.  A 
pump  of  this  kind  may  be  had  ready 
mounted  on  barrel  and  truck  for  a  few 
dollars  additional,  or  a  similar  effective 
contrivance  may  be  rigged  up  at  home. 
With  such  a  pump  fair  spraying  work 
may  be  accomplished  single-handed,  but 
two  operators  are  needed  for  best  re¬ 
sults.  An  effective  pressure  of  75  to 
80  pounds  can  be  maintained,  and  the 
home-yard  trees  and  shrubs  given  a 
thorough  spraying  with  little  loss  of 
time.  It  does  not  “pay”  to  bother  with 
low-priced  or  ill-made  pumps. 

w.  v.  F. 

Alfalfa  in  Corn. 

Would  you  sow  Alfalfa  in  corn  after  the 
last  working,  using  a  small  spike-tooth  cul¬ 
tivator  to  cover,  on  good  land  that  lias  had 
a  liberal  supply  of  lime  drilled  in  with  the 
corn?  J.  f.  c. 

Marietta  O. 

While  some  good  reports  are  made  from 
this  practice,  we  prefer  fitting  the  land 
well  and  seeding  the  Alfalfa  alone. 


RAKES  HAY  RIGHT  WAY 

r  Genuine  New  Vork  Champion 
Hay  Hake,  now  an  Iron  A  ge  prod¬ 
uct,  made  from  original  patterns;  light^ 
strong,  compact,  gets  nil  the  hay;  levers^ 
convenient  and  easily  operated;  no  jar — easy1 
on  horse  and  rider;  S,  9  and  10ft. widths;  lasts  a  1 
life-time;  known  everywhere  for 33  yearsas  BEST 


IRON  ME 


Kepair  parts  supplied  for  old  rakes. 

Farm  and 
Garden  Tooia 

Stock  carried  at  Canastota  and  Elmira,  N.  Y.,  Spring- 
field,  Mass.,  Burnham,  Me.,  and  by  our  agents 
generally.  Write  to  day  for  Anniversary  “Oood  Old  ; 
Catalog,  showing  Potato  Machin-  Friend  of  J 

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chard  and  other  tools— free. 

BATEMAN  MTG  CO 
Box  102  R 

ORENLOCH.  ** 


pa 


S.  L.  B.,  Cambridge,  Aid. — -I  am  expecting 
to  plant  about  20  acres  in  apples.  What 
would  you  advise  planting  of  Winter  apples? 
While  being  familiar  with  fruit  growing 
(my  orchards  consist  mainly  of  peaches  and 
pears)  I  recognize  the  importance  of  good 
and  suitable  varieties,  also  the  fact  that 
a  commercial  orchard  would  differ  some¬ 
what  from  a  “home  orchard.” 

Ans. — There  are  many  good  apple  or¬ 
chards  on  the  eastern  shore  of  Mary¬ 
land  and  in  Delaware,  and  there  is  no 
question  of  their  profit  where  properly 
handled,  Stayman  is  one  of  the  very 


GET  THE  BEST 

A  Good  Spray  Pump- earns 
big  profits  and  lasts  for  years. 

THE  ECLIPSE 

is  a  good  pump.  As 
.practical  fruit  grow¬ 
ers  we  were  using  common 
sprayers  in  our  own  orchards 
— found  their  defects  and 
invented  the  Eclipse.  Its 
success  forced  us  to  manu¬ 
facturing  on  a  large  scaie. 
You  take  no  chances.  We 
have  done  all  the  experi¬ 
menting.  Large  fully  illustrated  Catalog 
and  Treatise  on  spraying  FREE. 

MORRILL  &  MORLEY,  Benton  Harbor,  Mich. 


Western  Apples 
Outsell  Eastern 


kHE  large,'  worm-free  western  apple 
sells  for  $2  to  $4  more  per  barrel  than 
the  better  flavored  product  of  the  east. 
Wake  up  to  the  fact  that  effective  spraying 
will  free  your  orchard  of  the  insect  pests  that 
cause  your  low  yield  of  small,  wormy  fruit. 

One  spraying  with  Swift’s  is  often 
equal  to  three  or  four  with  the  old- 
fashioned  mixtures,  because  it  sticks 
through  even  heavy  rains. 

Swift's  Arsenate  of  Lead  mixes  readily 
with  water,  stays  in  suspension,  and  can 
be  used  with  any  pump.  Easy  to  use.  Fatal 
to  leaf-eating  worms  and  insects. 

Write  for  our  valuable  free 
book  on  Apple  Culture 

It  is  plain,  easy  to  understand  and  com¬ 
plete.  When  writing,  please  give  your 
dealer’s  name. 

MERRIMAC  CHEMICAL  CO. 

31  Broad  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 


Spraying  as 
Necessary  as  Plowing 

Every  orchardist  must  spray  to  protect  his  trees  against  insects 
that  eat  up  profits.  His  best  defence  is  the  surest,  safest,  strongest 
insecticide  made — 

ELECTRO  Arsenate  of  Lead 

(in  Powdered  Form) 

Surest  and  strongest  because  it  contains  50%  more  arsenic  oxide  than  any  other 
brand — 32^  to  33%  guaranteed.  Our  Electro  process  combines  a  greater  percentage  of 
arsenic  with  the  proper  amount  of  lead  than  can  be  obtained  in  any  other  brand.  This 
means  better  adhesion;  greater  killing  power,  suspension  and  distribution. 

Safest  because  there  is  less  than  yz  of  1%  of  water-soluble  arsenic — the  tenderest 
foliage  is  never  injured. 

For  these  reasons,  Electro  is  most  economical — less  material  need  be  used. 

Tests  by  Conn,  and  N.  J.  Agri.  Exper.  Stations  prove  our  claims.  Send  for  these  and  for 
valuable  folders  on  Electro  Arsenate  of  Lead  and  on  Electro  Lime-Sulphur 
(certain  death  to  San  Jose  Scale). 

If  your  dealer  cannot  supply,  write  for  prices,  proofs,  and  name 
of  nearest  distributor. 

THE  VREELAND  CHEMICAL  CO. 

33  Church  Street,  New  York 


SPRAY1W,  ly  the  N.Y  .State  Fruit  Growers’ Ass’n- 


,  PAY  YOU  TO  USE  EITHER. 


PASTE  OR  POWDERED 
FOR  ALL  LEAF  EATING  INSECTS 
RESPONSIBLE  DISTRIBUTERS  and A6ENTS  WANTED 

KEY  BRAND 

RIGHT  PRICE  AND  MATERIAL 

FUNGICIDE  and  INSECTICIDE 
USE 


INTERSTATE  CHEMICAL.  CO. 

H  BAYVIEW  AVE..JERS  EY  CITY.  N.J, 
WRITE  FOR  PRICES, CIRCULARS  ETC.  CORRESPONDENCE  SOLICITED! 


POTATO 


233  Bushels 
more  per  acre  by 
Spraying 

That  is  what  the 
New  York  Kxper-^ 
iment  Stati 
reports  as  a 
year  averagei 
Gain  by  Spray-' 
in g  potatoes. 

Don’t  let 
blight,  scab, 
rot,  and 
bugs  cut 

your  crop  in  half— but  get  a  HURST  Sprayer  and 
make  all  the  Money  you  are  really  entitled  to  for 
your  work  out  of  your  Potatoes  or  fruit.  Spray 
first,  then  if  you  buy,  Pay  Us  out  of  the  "Extra  Pro¬ 
fit.”  These  sprayers  Spray  Anything,  potatoes, 
orchards,  vineyards,  truck  (4  to  6  rows  at  a  time). 
“.Man-power  and  liorse-power.”  Powerful  pres¬ 
sure.  Easy  on  man  and  horse.  Strong  and 
durable.  Brass  valves,  plunger,  strainer,  etc. 
Guaranteed  for  5  Years. 

Shipped  on  Free  Trial 


without  a  cent  in  advance, 
“no  strings"  to  our  trial  offer. 
We  pay  Freight. 


No  bank  deposit. 
Wholesale  prices. 


Writensaletterorcard 
and  tell  ns  which  mach¬ 
ine  yon  are  interested 
in, and  you’ll  get  free  our 
valuable  Spraying  Guide 
— Catalog— and  ourspec- 
lal  Free  Offer  to  first  in 
qj  each  locality  this  season, 
'f  Be  first  to  write  ns. 

i  H.  L.  HURST  MFG.  CO.. 

288  NORTH  ST.,  CANTON,  OHIO 

S5B& I 


SPRAY 


FRUITS  AND 
„  FIELD  CROPS 

ana  do  whitewashing  in  most  effectual,  economical, 
rapid  way.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  BROWN’S 

/  POWERR  Auto- Sprays 

No.  1,  shown  here,  is  fitted  with  Auto-Pop  Nozzle— 

J  doe*  work  of  3  ordinary  Bprayers.  Endorsed  by  Ex- 
J  poriment  Stations  and  800,000  other*.  40  styles  and 
7  sizes  of  hand  and  power  sprayers— also  prices 
i  and  valuable  spraying  guide  in  our  Free  Book. 
Write  postal  now. 

THE  E.  C.  BROWN  COMPANY 

2d  Jay  &L ,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


“ONE  FOR  ALL,”  No.  I 

DEATH  TO  IM9CCT3  A  FUNGI 

Barrels.  425  lbs.  —.,05c.  per  l6: 

Yx  Bbls  . 

100  Lbs 
50  lbs. 

25  lbs_ 
r  o 

Wool  Grease,  Arsenate  of  Lead,  Lime-Sulphur 
Combined.  A  Contact  and  Poison  Spray. 

Aft  Insecticide  &  Fungicide. ' 

Only  Thing  Needed  for  all  Pests  or  Fungus.1 
WRITE  FOR  BOOKLET. 

MANHATTAN  ’’ OIL  COMPANY 

Established  1852. 

$1  Front  Street-  New  YorM 


PEAR 

PSYLLA 


The  worst  enemy  of  the  Pear  growers  can 
not  be  controlled  with  lime  sulphur,  but 


t  A 


9  9 


used  in  the  Spring  just  before  leafing  will  not  only 
control  the  Psylla  but  San  Jose  Scale  and  all 
fungus  troubles  controllable  in  the  dormant  season. 

PRICES:  In  barrels  and  half  barrels,  60c  per  gallon;  10 
gallon  cans,  80  00;  f>  gallon  cans,  $3.25;  1  gallon  cans,  81.00. 
Conclusive  proofs  in  Booklets,  “ Orchard  Dividends ”  and 
“ Modern  Methods  of  Harvesting,  Grading  and  Packing 
Apples."  Both  free. 

If  you  want  cheap  oils,  our  “CARBOI.EINE”  at  30c 
per  gallon  is  the  equal  of  anything  else. 

li.  G.  FKATT  CO.,  Mfg.  Chemists, 

50  Church  St.,  New  York  City. 


1911  DEYO  POWER  SPRAYERS 

IO  Years  of  Success 


FRIEND  FRUIT  GROWER  :  Uncle  Sam  says 
you  must  spray.  Users  of  the  Deyo  are  relieved 
from  experimenting.  After  ten  years  of  service  the 
Deyo  is  still  giving  perfect  satisfaction.  Our  cus¬ 
tomers  are  our  reference,  ask  the  user.  We  sell 
direct  to  yon.  Deyo  pays  all  freights  to  Missis¬ 
sippi  River  shipping  points.  Write  for  catalogue  19. 

DEYO-MACEY  ENGINE  CO.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


472 


THE  RURAL  NEW -YORKER 


The  Rural  New-Y orker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER. 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes. 

Established  1850. 

PobUihed  weekly  by  the  Itnral  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  Street,  New  York. 

Herbert  W.  Oollingwood,  President  and  Editor, 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Hoyle,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR. 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  $2.04,  equal  to 
8s.  6d.,  or  8*2  marks,  or  10*2  francs.  Remit  in  money  order, 
express  order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 


Advertising  rates  00  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  tim< 
orders.  References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to 
us;  and  cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

"A  SQUARE  DEAL.” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a 
responsible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any 
loss  to  paid  subseril>ers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler 
advertising  in  ourcolumns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  ex¬ 
posed.  We  protect  suberibers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee 
to  adjust  trifling  differences  between  subscribers  and  honest,  respon¬ 
sible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be  responsible  for  the  debts  of 
honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts.  Notice  of  the  complaint 
must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of  the  transaction, 
and  you  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker  when 
writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  Tiie  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  30  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

You  will  see  that  the  hen  men  are  coming  forward 
to  scratch  those  hen  records  apart.  That  is  what  we 
want,  for  a  statement  which  will  not  bear  analysis 
has  no  place  in  print.  The  hen  is  a  good  friend  to 
humanity,  but  when  you  put  nothing  but  guesses  and 
speculation  into  a  “system”  she  may  play  the  part  of 
siren  to  lead  men  to  the  rocks!  We  want  the  truth 
about  hens.  If  we  go  outside  the  regular  beaten  path 
to  get  at  it,  so  much  the  better  for  the  truth.  So  all 
are  invited  to  sail  in  with  beak  and  claw  to  make  those 
$9  and  $12  hens  look  like  30  cents,  if  that  is  their  real 
limit.  The  first  report  from  Mr.  Dougan  is  printed 
on  page  480.  Nothing  remarkable  about  it. 

* 

We  met  a  man  the  other  day,  who  said  farmers 
had  received  greater  benefits  from  the  Government 
than  any  other  class  in  the  country.  When  asked 
what  these  wonderful  benefits  were  he  said,  “Educa¬ 
tion.”  The  fanner  has  colleges  and  experiment  sta¬ 
tions  and  farmers’  institutes,  and  bulletins,  while  no 
other  class  has  been  so  instructed  and  “pampered.” 
This  man  is  a  manufacturer  of  articles  protected  by 
both  a  patent  and  a  tariff.  “All  right,”  we  said,  “sup¬ 
pose  we  change.  Let  the  Government  give  you  ‘in¬ 
struction’ — tell  you  how  to  run  your  business  and  take 
away  every  item  of  special  privilege  you  have  enjoyed 
and  give  farmers  a  chance  to  make  the  margin  be¬ 
tween  cost  and  sale  which  is  made  on  your  goods !” 

His  answer  was  a  quartette  of  expressive  words : 

“Not  on  your  life!” 

These  other  interests  do  not  want  public  instruc¬ 
tion — they  want  privilege. 

* 

When  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  refused 
to  permit  the  railroads  to  advance  rates  it  was  claimed 
that  the  railroads  would  appeal.  They  have  not  done 
so,  and  are  not  likely  to.  They  have  no  case.  We 
think  it  was  likely  that  these  railroads  expected  that 
the  Commission  would  reduce  rates.  Thus  they  de¬ 
manded  an  increase,  figuring  that  the  Commission 
would  deny  it,  yet  would  not  reduce  at  the  same  time. 
It  was  a  shrewd  move  on  their  part.  The  Commission 
recently  reduced  passenger  fares  between  Washington 
and  certain  points  in  Virginia.  Those  reductions  were 
made  on  the  basis  of  over-capitalization  and  the  re¬ 
sults  of  this  may  he  far-reaching  in  effect.  If  the 
same  basis  for  fixing  rates  is  used  in  other  and  larger 
cases  the  public  will  receive  great  benefit.  A  classic 
remark  about  the  fate  of  the  public  was  credited  to  an 
older  Vanderbilt  some  years  ago.  The  Interstate  Com¬ 
merce  Commission  seems  to  be  like  a  big  reservoir 
behind  which  public  opinion  has  been  dammed  until 
it  has  power  to  start  the  wheels  of  justice. 

* 

The  last  North  Carolina  Legislature  provided  for 
what  is  called  county  farm-life  schools.  There  are 
to  be  as  many  as  10  of  these  schools  started  each 
year.  A  county  may  secure  such  a  school  by  provid¬ 
ing  not  less  than  $25,000  for  building  and  equipment, 
and  $2,500  for  maintenance.  The  State  in  such  event 
will  give  $2,500  per  year  more.  The  school  therefore 
will  have  at  least  $5,000  annually.  These  schools  are 
to  be  located  and  managed  by  trustees,  one  member 
from  each  township  in  the  county,  and  appointed  by 
the  county  board  of  education.  These  schools  are  to 
teach  agriculture  and  “farm  life,”  which  we  under¬ 
stand  to  be  country  living  in  its  best  sense,  indoors 
and  out.  Very  likely  they  will  be  conducted  like  a 
first-class  farm,  where  boys  can  learn  modern  methods 
in  a  practical  way,  and  also  pick  up  something  of  the 


true  spirit  of  agriculture.  We  believe  that  this  legisla¬ 
tion  will  work  out  great  things  for  the  people  of  North 
Carolina.  It  is  constructive  in  the  best  sense.  These 
schools  will  become  genuine  headquarters  for  just  the 
sort  of  work  that  the  South  needs. 

* 

We  have  had  our  say  about  Canadian  reciprocity, 
and  so  far  as  we  can  learn  this  position  is  endorsed 
by  the  vast  majority  of  our  farmer  readers.  The 
farmers  of  this  country  do  not  want  special  privileges. 
They  do  want  a  fair  deal  and  what  other  industries 
have — no  more,  no  less.  If  Canadian  farmers  are  to 
share  our  markets  we  should  have  an  equal  chance 
with  Canadian  farmers.  This  is  not  given  by  “reci¬ 
procity.”  As  Senator  Cummins,  of  Iowa,  puts  it: 

If  we  put  tlie  farmer  into  free  competition  with  Canada, 
common  justice  and  common  decency  require  that  we  shall 
buy  in  a  market  as  free  as  that  in  which  the  Canadian 
farmer  buys.  To  me  it  is  a  shocking  perversion  of  a  sa¬ 
cred  principle  to  assert  that  the  farmer  shall  suffer  free 
competition  in  everything  he  sells  and  endure  high  pro¬ 
tection  in  everything  he  buys;  and  I  now  say  that  I  in¬ 
tend  to  use  all  the  power  and  influence  I  have  to  give 
the  farmer  the  benefit  of  free  trade  with  Canada  in  the 
chief  things  he  must  buy,  at  the  same  time  and  in  the 
same  instrument  that  imposes  upon  him  free  trade  in  the 
things  lie  produces  for  sale. 

Under  “reciprocity”  Canadian  fanners  could  sell 
farm  products  freely  in  our  cities  and  buy  their  sup¬ 
plies  from  England  to  better  advantage  than  our 
fanners  can.  There  is  no  organized  industry  in  the 
country  that  would  stand  such  injustice.  Put  the 
American  fanner  on  even  terms  with  the  Canadian 
farmer  and  there  would  be  little  or  no  opposition  to 
“reciprocity.” 

* 

The  Alabama  Legislature  suggests  a  new  way  of 
getting  after  the  tax  dodgers.  A  bill  containing  the 
following  passed  the  Alabama  Senate  by  one  vote: 

The  tax  assessor  in  order  to  make  proper  assessment, 
shall  require  each  person,  firm,  association  or  corporation 
leaking  a  return  to  furnish  or  give  under  oath,  the  amou.n 
of  insurance  on  all  property,  except  household  goods  and 
kitchen  furniture,  so  returned  for  taxation,  for  the  previ¬ 
ous  calendar  year,  or  at  any  time  during  said  year,  and 
he  shall  have  a  right  to  demand  a  copy  of  the  last  inven¬ 
tory  made  of  any  property  subject  to  taxation,  and  shall 
also  by  inquiry  of  persons  believed  to  have  knowledge  of 
the  same,  inform  himself  as  to  the  value  of  such  property. 

It  is  not  intended  to  assess  the  property  at  the  face 
of  the  insurance.  That  would  be  absurd,  since  stocks, 
bonds,  unimproved  real  estate  and  much  personal 
property  is  never  insured.  It  is  doubtful  if  half  the 
property  in  Alabama  or  most  other  States  carries  any 
insurance.  At  the  same  time  an  insurance  policy  gives 
cue  good  indication  of  what  a  man  thinks  his  property 
is  worth,  and  it  would  help  in  forming  a  fair  estimate, 
supposing  the  assessment  is  to  be  fair  to  all.  At  the 
present  time  farmers  and  small  real  estate  holders 
pay  far  more  than  their  just  proportion  of  taxes.  The 
‘tax  dodgers”  escape  because  they  can  hide  the  evi¬ 
dence  of  their  personal  property,  or  refuse  to  state 
what  their  real  estate  is  worth.  It  would  be  good 
leading  to  see  their  assessments  printed  side  by  side 
with  their  insurance  policies ! 

* 

The  German  parliament  has  passed  a  law  based  on 
the  principle  of  taxing  the  “unearned  increment”  of 
land.  Briefly  stated  this  means  the  value  of  land 
which  is  contributed  by  the  community  or  state.  Sup¬ 
pose  a  man  buys  a  farm  as  men  have  done  for  $2f)  an 
acre.  He  works  at  it  with  good  judgment,  improves 
the  soil  and  makes  it  produce  twice  as  much 
as  when  he  bought  it.  The  population  within  10 
miles  of  that  farm,  let  us  say,  does  not  increase,  yet 
the  farm  is  worth  twice  as  much,  since  it  produces 
twice  the  crop.  In  such  case  the  increased  value  has 
been  earned  as  a  result  of  the  owner’s  labor.  Would 
it  not  be  a  form  of  injustice  to  compel  that  man  to 
pay  twice  as  much  in  taxes  as  he  did  before?  On 
the  other  hand,  suppose  this  man  buys  the  farm  on 
the  chance  that  sooner  or  later  a  town  or  city  will 
grow  out  in  his  direction.  He  does  nothing  to  the 
land.  It  grows  up  into  brush  and  weeds  and  produces 
nothing.  Population  increases  until  there  is  a  demand 
for  homes  and  the  land  which  cost  $20  sells  at  $200 ! 
Such  cases  are  quite  common  near  the  large  towns 
where  the  increased  value  of  the  land  is  not  due  in 
any  way  to  the  labor  of  the  man.  It  is  contributed 
by  others  who  come  in  and  settle  nearby.  This  is 
called  “unearned  increment.”  Some  of  the  greatest 
and  most  dangerous  fortunes  in  this  country  were 
started  in  just  this  way.  The  “head  of  the  house” 
obtained  government  land  hv  gift  or  cheap  land  by 
purchase  and  simply  held  on  to  it.  Population  came 
to  it.  and  brought  great  value  which  was  absolutely 
unearned  by  the  owner.  In  many  cases  the  family  is 
still  drawing  immense  rents  from  this  land,  while  pay¬ 
ing  taxes  on  less  than  a  quarter  of  its  value.  Now 
this  German  law  is  based  on  the  theory  that  the  great 
value  of  this  property  was  given  by  society.  There¬ 
fore  society  has  a  right  to  demand  a  share  for  its  ex¬ 


April  8. 

penses.  The  plan  started  first  in  the  German  cities 
and  has  worked  so  well  that  it  is  now  to  be  enforced 
throughout  the  Empire.  The  tax  is  graded,  from 
where  the  unearned  increase  of  value  does  not  exceed 
10  per  cent  up  to  30  per  cent  where  the  increase 
reaches  40  per  cent.  The  revenues  are  divided  half 
to  the  general  government,  10  per  cent  to  the  state 
and  40  per  cent  to  the  community.  Under  such  a 
scheme  idle  land  would  not  pay,  and  speculation  in 
“land  booms”  would  be  taxed  off  the  market.  The 
lax  dodgers  in  the  great  cities  would  be  forced  to  pay 
their  fair  share  of  taxes.  As  it  is  now  the  average 
farmer,  with  all  his  property  in  sight,  is  forced  to  pay 
far  more  than  his  share  because  he  must  earn  his  in¬ 
crease  of  land  values,  while  the  value  of  urban  land 
is  largelv  unearned.  What  a  commentary  upon  our 
boasted  liberty  when  the  old  monarchies  give  their 
people  parcels  post  and  real  land  legislation  while  our 
so-called  public  servants  hold  us  up. 

* 

About  15  years  ago  Prof.  H.  J.  Wheeler’s  experi¬ 
ments  in  the  use  of  lime  began  to  attract  attention. 
Of  course  lime  had  been  used  for  centuries  with  good 
results,  but  Wheeler’s  elaborate  and  painstaking  work- 
showed  clearly  why  lime  was  needed  and  what  soils 
snd  crops  responded  to  it.  At  first  this  excellent 
investigation  did  not  meet  with  much  favor  from  the 
scientific  men.  It  was  a  case  where  practical  farmers 
forced  the  scientists  to  take  notice.  Many  farmers 
tried  lime  as  directed,  and  were  convinced  that  when 
properly  used  this  element  is  practically  as  essential 
as  nitrogen,  potash  and  phosphoric  acid.  The  experi¬ 
ment  stations  took  up  the  discussion,  worked  out 
experiments  and  issued  many  bulletins.  The  interest 
has  grown  until  to-day  the  problem  of  using  lime 
economically  is  one  of  the  most  important  connected 
with  American  farming.  Most  farmers  now  under¬ 
stand  the  difference  between  ground  limestone  and 
the  various  forms  of  burned  lime.  Apparently  the 
thing  least  understood  is  the  best  manner  of  apply¬ 
ing  lime  and  the  reasons  for  it.  We  still  have  many 
questions  asking  if  it  will  pay  best  to  plow  the  lime 
under  or  spread  it  on  top  of  the  grass  or  grain.  In 
a  general  farm  rotation  the  best  place  for  lime  is 
with  a  seeding  of  grass  or  grain,  unless  it  is  used 
directly  to  overcome  the  souring  effect  of  plowing  under 
a  green  crop.  We  would  never  put  burned  lime  on 
the  surface  of  the  ground  or  plow  it  under.  The  way 
to  use  it  is  to  spread  on  the  furrows  and  harrow 
thoroughly  into  the  soil.  When  this  is  not  done  the 
burned  lime  is  likely  to  form  a  sort  of  thin  mortar 
where  it  is  put,  and  we  lose  the  best  effect  of  the 
liming,  which  is  to  work  all  through  the  soil  and 
sweeten  it.  The  theory  that  rains  will  wash  the 
burned  lime  down  all  through  the  soil  will  not  work 
out.  On  the  other  hand,  ground  limestone  or  marl 
put  on  the  surface  of  meadows  or  pastures  without 
plowing  them  will  often  give  a  slow  but  sure  im¬ 
provement,  for  these  raw  limes  will  not  act  as  the 
burned  lime  often  does.  For  quick  work,  that  is, 
rapid  sweetening  of  very  sour  lands,  any  form  of 
lime  should  be  worked  into  the  soil.  One  reason 
why  seeding  is  the  best  place  to  use  lime  is  the  fact 
tfat  a  soil  bed  for  small  seeds  must  be  worked  until 
it  is  fine. 


BREVITIES. 

The  skim-milk  of  human  nature  is  mighty  poor  stuff. 

A  concrete)  top  over  that  well  will  save  danger  from 
foul  water. 

The  trouble  is  that  too  many  of  us  fight  for  our  wrongs 
without  realizing  it. 

Now  if  you  had  that  cover  crop  to  plow  under,  even  if 
it  were  nothing  but  rye ! 

North  Carolina  will  divide  convicts  into  two  classes. 
Those  guilty  of  felony  must  wear  stripes — others  need  not. 

Cut  them  down — both  root  and  stem.  What?  The 
young  trees.  They  will  make  a  far  better  head  to  pay 
for  it. 

IIaiuy  vetch  is  not  a  Spring-sown  crop.  It  is  for  the 
Fall — like  Crimson  clover.  The  legume  for  early  Spring 
is  Canada  peas. 

We  should  hesitate  to  plant  a  chestnut  orchard  in  the 
East.  The  fungus  disease  has  ruined  the  woods  around 
the  Hope  Farm,  and  we  believe  it  will  spread  still  further. 

Yes — we  would  certainly  use  about  one- third  the  total 
weight  of  clover  seed  in  Alsike.  It  does  better  than  Red 
on  damp  or  sour  land,  does  not  give  such  a  large  yield, 
but  makes  better  feed. 

On  stock  farms  where  clover  is  largely  grown  the  use 
of  raw  phosphate  rock  seems  to  be  increasing.  Where  the 
soil  is  full  of  humus  this  rock  gives  results — but  do  not 
trust  it  for  garden  or  truck  crops. 

Test  your  corn  ear  by  ear.  or  you  may  find  too  late, 
that  you  have  a  lot  of  seed  like  that  described  by  Mr. 
Clement  on  page  402.  The  stalk  and  the  ear  show  the  size 
to  the  eye,  but  they  do  not  show  life.  That  is  what  you 
want. 

The  Oregon  Legislature  has  passed  a  law  placing  a 
heavy  penalty  on  the  shipment  of  ginseng  stock  or  roots 
into  that  State  from  gardens  in  which  disease  prevails. 
It  is  claimed  that  the  State  will  co-operate  with  the 
Federal  Government  to  prohibit  the  circulation  of  adver¬ 
tisements  of  plants  or  seeds  from  diseased  gardens. 


1911. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — Judg-o  George  A.  Carpenter 
banded  down  a  decision  in  the  United 
States  District  Court  at  Chicago,  March  22, 
denying  the  motion  of  attorneys  for  the 
beef  packers  to  quash  the  three  indictments 
against  them  charging  a  combination  in  re¬ 
straint  of  interstate  trade,  engaging  in  a 
conspiracy  in  restraint  of  interstate  trade, 
and  monopolizing  interstate  trade.  Judge 
Carpenter's  decision  is  what  is  known  as  an 
interlocutory  order,  from  which  there  is  no 
appeal.  There  are  five  counts  in  the  con¬ 
spiracy  indictment  and  one  in  each  of  the 
other  two  indictments.  If  convicted  the  de¬ 
fendants  can  be  fined  $5,000,  or  imprison-* 
ment  for  one  year  on  each  of  the  seven 
counts.  The  move  of  the  attorneys  for  the 
packers  was  based  upon  a  contention  that 
the  Government  could  not  use  in  evidence 
against  them  anything  that  transpired  be¬ 
fore  Judge  .T.  Otis  Humphrey  gave  them 
the  famous  “immunity  bath"  ia  1906. 

A  parcels  post  conference  will  be  held  at 
the  Mew  Willard  Hotel,  Washington,  1).  C„ 
April  25,  at  10  a.  m.,  under  the  auspices 
of  the  Postal  Progress  League.  All  inter¬ 
ested  in  parcels  post  are  requested  to  at¬ 
tend. 

Investigation  of  the  Robin  banking 
schemes  in  New  York  continues.  Joseph  B. 
Reichmann,  an  intimate  associate  of  Wil¬ 
liam  J.  Cummins  in  the  management  of  the 
Carnegie  Trust  Company  and  for  a  time 
its  president,  stepped  up  before  Justice 
Davis  in  the  Criminal  Branch  of  the  Su¬ 
preme  Court  March  25  and  pleaded  not 
guilty  to  au  indictment  which  charged  that 
he  knowingly  concurred  in  making  aud  pub¬ 
lishing  a  statement  of  the  affairs  and  pe¬ 
cuniary  condition  of  the  Carnegie  Trust 
Company  .containing  material  statements 
which  were  false,  on  September  8,  1910. 
The  principal  false  item  charged  was  that 
on  August  31  at  the  close  of  business  the 
Carnegie  Trust  Company  had  no  liability 
for  borrowed  money,  when  in  fact  it  was 
liable  on  a  demand  note  to  the  Northern 
Bank  for  $130,000,  secured  by  certain  col¬ 
lateral. 

Defective  insulation  in  the  Assembly  Li¬ 
brary  on  the  third  floor  of  the  State  Capitol, 
Albany,  N.  Y.,  started  a  fire  March  29  that 
destroyed  the  west  wing  of  the  $27,000,000 
building.  The  State  Library  was  completely 
destroyed,  and  both  the  Senate  and  As¬ 
sembly  chambers  burned  out.  The  loss  is 
variously  estimated  at  between  $5,000,000 
and  $8,000,000  ;  but  in  some  respects  it  is 
incalculable,  for  many  of  the  records  and 
documents  in  the  State  Library  can  never 
he  replaced.  One  watchman,  Samuel  Ab¬ 
bott,  who  was  assigned  to  the  State  Li¬ 
brary,  is  missing,  and  is  believed  to  have 
lost  his  life.  Several  firemen  were  over¬ 
come  with  smoke  or  injured  bv  falling 
stones  from  the  walls.  There  was  no  fire¬ 
fighting  apparatus  at  baud. 

FARM  AND  GARDEN.-  The  wool  grow¬ 
ers  of  18  States  west  of  the  Mississippi 
River  have  begun  a  movement  for  lower 
freight  rates  on  raw  wool  to  eastern  and 
Atlantic  seaboard  points.  Through  the 
National  Wool  Growers'  Association  they 
filed  a  formal  complaint  March  23  with  the 
Intei-state  Commerce  Commission  against 
the  Union  Pacific,  Northern  Pacific,  South¬ 
ern  Pacific  and  other  transcontinental  lines 
and  their  Eastern  connections,  including 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  the  Erie  Rail¬ 
road.  the  New  York  Central  and  others. 
The  complaint  sets  forth  that  the  carriers 
have  failed  to  establish  a  reasonable  classi¬ 
fication  for  wool  in  the  grease  and  are  giv- 


1HE  RTJ  RAh 

ing  unreasonable  preferences  and  advan¬ 
tages  to  certain  localities,  including  Pacific 
Coast  territory.  The  complaint  also  says 
that  the  carriers  are  violating  the  long 
and  short  haul  provision  of  the  railroad 
rate  act,  in  that  tney  are  charging  a  greater 
compensation  in  the  aggregate  in" the  trans¬ 
portation  of  wool  for  a  shorter  than  for  a 
longer  distance  over  the  same  route  iu  the 
same  direction.  Figures  are  given  showing 
the  alleged  disparity  in  rates  and  the  com¬ 
plaint  says  that  in  most  eases  they  are 
more  than  the  traffic  ought  to  bear.'  The 
statement  is  also  made  that  in  the  last  five 
years  there  lias  been  a  constant  increase  in 
the  cost  of  the  production  of  w-ool  through 
the  curtailing  of  pasturage  and  the  absorp¬ 
tion  of  the  laud  for  irrigation  purposes 
and  for  the  addition  to  forest  reserves.  Ac¬ 
tive  opposition  to  revision  of  the  tariff  was 
determined  upon  by  the  officers  of  the  Na¬ 
tional  Wool  Growers  Association  at  a  con¬ 
ference  at  Salt  Lake  City  March  23.  on  the 
tariff  situation  as  it  affects  wool.  The 
eonferrees  volunteered  to  be  in  Washing¬ 
ton  when  the  special  session  of  Congress 
begins  and  the  members  in  the  wool-growing 
States  are  asked  to  send  reinforcements, 
consisting  of  one  or  two  men  from  each 
State. 

The  Dairy  Day,  March  15,  of  Farmers’ 
Week  at  the  Massachusetts  Agricultural 
College,  Amherst,  Mass.,  was  highly  suc¬ 
cessful.  In  the  afternoon  about  300  men 
interested  in  dairy  work  in  Massachusetts 
got  together  and  appointed  a  committee 
on  permanent  organization  of  a  Massachu¬ 
setts  Dairymen’s  Association.  Those  ap¬ 
pointed  on  the  committee  represent  the 
Massachusetts  Creamery  Association,  Con¬ 
necticut  Valley  Breeders’  Association,  Mass¬ 
achusetts  _  Cattle  Owners’  Association,  the 
State  Dairy  Bureau,  and  the  Agricultural 
College.  This  committee  will  meet  very 
soon  to  push  the  work  of  permanent  or¬ 
ganization.  Another  feature  of  the  day 
was  a  market  milk  and  butter  exhibit.  The 
butter  exhibit  was  represented  rather  by  the 
quality  of  the  product  than  number  of  ex¬ 
hibits.  On  the  other  hand,  the  market  milk 
exhibit,  the  first  one  held  in  Massachusetts, 
was  fine.  There  were  55  entries  of  milk, 
53  of  which  were  produced  and  distributed 
in  Massachusetts.  Two  were  produced  out¬ 
side  the  State  hut  distributed  by  Massa¬ 
chusetts  milk  concerns.  The  entrance 
blanks  and  score  cards  were  the  same  as 
those  used  at  the  National  Dairy  Show. 


Canadian  Reciprocity. — I  am  glad  to 
note  the  stand  you  have  taken  with  regard 
to  the  Canadian  reciprocity.  As  usual,  our 
lawmakers  hit  the  farmers  the  first  jolt, 
and  carefully,  protected  the  manufacturers 
as  of  old.  This,  of  itself,  is  enough  to 
make  us  lose  patience  with  them,  and  when 
they  further  try  to  pull  the  wool  over  our 
eyes  by  assuring  us  that  this  change  in  the 
tariff  will  make  no  difference  at  all  except¬ 
ing  a  beneficial  one.  It  makes  us  madder 
than.  ever.  The  bumper  crops  produced  in 
the  United  States  last  year  were  not  so 
radically  much  greater  than  in  one  or  two 
preceding  years,  but  they  were  large  enough 
to  slump  the  prices  radically.  If  we  throw 
Canada's  surplus  in  at  this  time,  we  can 
see  no  earthly  reason  why  it  will  not  de¬ 
press  grain  prices  still  more,  affecting  the 
prosperity  of  the  manufacturer  as  well  as 
of  the  business  men.  If  we  are  going  to 
reduce  the  protective  tariff,  manufacturers 
should  be  placed  in  exactly  the  same  class 
as  tine  farmers,  iu  fact,  if  we  have  free 
trade  with  Canada  on  the  stuff  which  the 
farmers  produce,  it  scorns  to  us  that  we 
should  have  free  trade  with  the  world  on 


NEW-YORKER 

everything,  simply  because  Canada  is  the 
American  farmer’s  most  important  com¬ 
petitor  at  present,  and  likely  to  continue  so, 
and  reciprocity  with  that  nation  will  affect 
the  farmers  more  radically  than  reciprocity 
with  any  other  nation  we  know  of. 

Ohio.  CIIAS.  B.  WING. 


THE  POTATO  OUTLOOK. 

The  farmers  in  Michigan  are  getting 
about  30  to  35  cents  per  bushel.  We  be¬ 
lieve  that  there  will  be  a  gradual  advance 
in  the  market  until  prices  reach  about  50 
cents  at  the  loading  stations. 

Toledo,  O.  J_  T.  SMITH  &  SON. 

At  the  present  time  we  arc  buying  the 
very  best  potatoes  out  of  Ohio  points  at 
40_  cents  per  bushel.  New  York  State  has 
quite  a  lot  of  potatoes  yet  and  is  offering 
them  at  about  the  same  prices.  It  is  our 
opinion  that  they  will  not  advance,  but 
may  decline  should  the  weather  turn  warm 
and  favorable  in  the  near  future. 

IRON  CITY  PRODUCE  COMPANY. 

Pittsburg,  Pa. 

It  is  our  opinion  that  there  will  lie  from 
this  time,  until  new  potatoes  come  in,  a  big 
demand  for  potatoes,  and  we  expect  the 
price  to  remain  around  50  to  60  cents  per 
bushel.  There  are  no  potatoes  in  the  hands 
of  consumers  here.  Even  the  farmers  are 
buying,  and  we  are  having  a  big  trade. 
Seed  stock  also  is  in  good  demand  and 
prices  are  very  high.  This  is  not  a  potato 
district. 

A.  E.  GIUESSER  FRUIT  &  PRODUCE  CO. 

Peoria,  Ill. 

The  potato  market  here  is  quite  a  little 
firmer  ;  while  prices  have  not  advanced  very 
much,  there  is  a  firmer  feeling  and  many 
look  for  potatoes  to  do  better.  Regarding 
the  amount  held  back  in  the  country,  we 
believe  that  there  are’  a  good  many  hack, 
hut  not  nearly  as  many  as  a  year  ago,  and 
it  looks  to  us  now  as  though  it  was  a 
weather  proposition  regarding  the  future 
of  potatoes.  In  fact  vve  look  for  higher 
prices.  d.  o.  WILEY  &  co. 

Detroit,  Mich. 

There  seem  to  be  quite  a  good  many  po¬ 
tatoes  still  in  the  hands  of  farmers  in  this 
State.  In  fact  we  believe  as  many  as 
they  will  he  able  to  move  to  advantage. 
As  a  rule  we  draw  the  bulk  of  our  sup¬ 
plies  from  Michigan,  hut  on  account  of 
the  crop  in  this  State  the  past  season  we 
have  been  getting  most  of  thorn  from  In¬ 
diana.  The  prevailing  price  of  good  In¬ 
diana  stock  on  this  market  at  the  present 
time  is  43  to  45  cents  per  bushel. 

Indianapolis,  Ind.  e.  f.  shidei.kr  &  co. 

Our  advices  point  to  large  stocks  and 
probable  lower  prices  to  growers.  The 
season  is  far  advanced  and  the  new  crop 
will  be  on  soon,  so  that  to  our  minds  it 
appears  unwise  for  growers  to  hold  longer. 
There  is  a  change  for  the  better  in  the 
YVestso  that  stocks  from  that  section  are 
not  likely  to  he  sent  East,  where  there  is 
enough  and  to  spare,  if  our  advices  are  cor¬ 
rect.  It  really  looks  to  us  that  prices  now 
are  better  than  they  will  be.  And  vet  we 
may  be  wrong.  thos.  bond  &  son. 

Baltimore,  Md. 

The  outlook  for  old  potatoes  at  present 
is  for  low  prices  for  some  time  to  come. 
Market  at  present  is  very  inactive  at  40  to 
45  cents.  Stocks  in  the  city,  stored  early 
in  the  season,  cannot  be  sold  for  less  ex¬ 
cept  at  a  sacrifice,  and  with  the  inactivity 
of  the  demand,  holders  are  not  inclined  to 
push  the  sale.  Supplies  in  this  immediate 


473 


ritory,  are  equal  to  all  demands  tin-  mar¬ 
ket  may  make.  Local  buyers  are  taking 
them  in  sparingly  at  28  to  30  cents  at  ship¬ 
ping  points.  The  outlook  is  uot  favorable 
ior  much  higher  values  for  some  time  to 
come.  k.  p.  wonneli.  co. 

Cleveland,  O. 


Relative  to  the  potato  situation,  there 
may  be  temporary  advances,  such  as  we 
are  experiencing  at  the  present  time,  hut 
these  are  due  largely  to  local  conditions, 
such  as  bad  roads  mid  farmers  being  too 
busy  with  other  stuff  to  bring  in  their  po¬ 
tatoes.  As  near  as  we  can  learn,  there 
are  a  great  many  potatoes  left  in  Michigan 
and  Now  York  State,  to  say  nothing  of  the 
Central  West  (which  are  usually  not  con¬ 
sidered  commercial  producing  sections)  to 
cause  any  material  advance  in  this  terri¬ 
tory.  We  urge  conservatism  in  tile  making 
of  price  at  loading  station — we  believe  that 
farmers  will  best  serve  their  own  purposes 
by  not  getting  excited. 

Cincinnati,  O.  the  weil-brockman  co. 


~  —  ~  Ui  iv/CO  111  Lino 

section  to  speak  of.  The  fanners  have  sold 
nearly  all  their  stock,  aud  shipments  now 
are  coming  largely  from  Maine.  Prices 
there  have  advanced  quite  a  little  for  the 
past  two  weeks.  I  do  not  just  know  why 
they  have  done  so,  as  I  understood  that 
there  was  a  large  quantity  of  potatoes  left 
back  m  Maine.  The  bad  roads'  may  pos¬ 
sibly  have  something  to  do  with  it.  ‘  How 
tar  this  advance  will  continue  I  do  uot 
know,  but  cannot  see  why  they  should  go 
very  much  higher  than  they  are  at  the 
present  time.  It  looks  as  though  now 
that  they  might  go  out  in  fairly  good 
shape,  and  if  so  southern  new  stock  will  of 
course  be  in  much  better  position  than  they 
otherwise  would  had  the  markets  continued 
so  low  as  they  have  been  the  past  three 
months.  w.  h.  bloduet. 

Worcester,  Mass. 


FRUIT  NOTES, 

The  fruit  outlook  is  good  and  the  pros- 
pect  for  a  good  crop  up  to  the  average. 
Judging  from  the  enthusiasm  manifested 
among  tile  farmers  and  fruit  growers  there 
would  be  heavier  plantings  with  no  fears 
of  overproduction.  While  spraying  may 
he  considered  practical  it  is  not  practiced 
extensively  in  this  immediate  vicinity,  al¬ 
though  on  the  increase,  g.  si  g. 

Ilolden,  N.  Y. 

About  all  we  can  say  at  this  early  date, 
on  fruit  outlook,  is  that  there  seems  a  good 
prospect  for  an  apple  crop.  The  Fall  was 
a  good  one  to  ripen  the  wood,  and  the 
buds  seemed  well  developed.  The  Winter 
has  not  been  a  severe  one,  and  we  shall 
look  for  a  crop  from  the  trees  which  did 
not  bloom  iu  1910.  Only  40  per  cent  of 
our  trees  were  in  fruit  last  season,  and  we 
hope  and  expect  to  hear  from  them  this 
season.  There  will  not  be  heavy  planting 
of  new  orchards  in  this  section.  The  hired 
help  question  is  a  serious  one,  and  many 
seem  to  retrench  rather  than  to  enlarge 
their  orchards.  The  apple  show  in  Boston 
a  year  ago  was  an  object  lesson  to  the 
fruit  growers  here,  it  and  the  demand  for 
hotter  apples  has  caused  more  work  to  l>e 
done  in  the  orchards.  We  think  the  pros¬ 
pect  for  the  fruit  business  encouraging, 
hut  no  one  knows  better  than  the  fruit 
grower  the  endless  fight  that  is  before  any¬ 
one  who  wants  good  fruit;  insects,  fungi, 
scale  disease,  etc.,  are  increasing  the  ex¬ 
pense  of  a  fruit  crop  each  year. 

Massachusetts.  j.  eames 


MARK  G.  HIBBS,  Pres’t  Mfgrs.  Distrib.  Co. 
*  Pittsburgh’s  Mail  Order  House  ” 


A  WORD  TO^OU  who  are  trying  to  economize  and  reduce  the  high  cost  of  living.  You  will  be  interested 
in  our  Profit  Sharing,  1'  actory  to  Consumer”  plan,  of  selling  everything  for  the  comfort  and  convenience  of  home 
and  farm.  Our  plan  of  selling  direct  from  factory  to  you  cuts  out  all  unnecessary  expenses  of  reshipping,  re¬ 
handling,  travelling  salesmen,  insurance;  in  fact,  all  additional  expenses  that  are  unavoidable  when  goods  are  bought 

through^ the  middleman  and  means  a  direct  saving  to  you  of  from  33 £96  to  50%.  Think  it  over _ then  write 

immediately  for  a  copy  of  our  free  Profit  Sharing  Catalog.  It  contains  accurate  descriptions  and  illustrations  of 
everything  we  sell,  tells  how  you  can  save  money  and  you  run  no  risk  in  buying  from  ms.  Look  at  your  purchase 
right  in  your  own  home  when  it  arrives,  and  if  not  entirely  satisfactory  return  the  goods  to  us  and  your  money  and 
freight  charges  will  be  refunded  at  once.  YOU  TO  BE  THE  JUDGE  AND  YOU  RUN  NO  RISK.  Come 

in  and  see  us— or  write  now  for  free  Profit  Sharing  Catalog.  A  post  card  will  bring  it  and  it  tells  you  about 
Pittsburg’s  Mail  Order  House”  way. 


THE  KNOT  THAT  HOLDS 

The  secret  of  the  strength 
and  wearing  power  of 
Security  Woven  Wire 
Fencing;  lies  in  the  fact 
that  it  is  not  only  manufac¬ 
tured  from  a  special  Basic 
Open  Hearth  steel  wire  with 
a  heavy  coating  of  commer¬ 
cial  spelter  (zinc)  to  keep  it 
from  rusting,  but  iu  the  fur¬ 
ther  fact  that  the  cross  wires 
are  fastened  to  t  he  mai  n  wi  res 
with  the  famous  “Security’’  knot.  The  knot  that  holds  every¬ 
thing  solid  because  it  can’t  slip.  It  is  the  strongest  and  most 
lasting  fence  made  and  the  fence*5t  pays  to  buy,  as  it  will  not 
only  resist  the  attacks  of  the  most  vicious  animals  but  is  just  as 
well  adapted,  without  cutting  or  disfiguring,  to  uneven  as  level 
ground.  Put  up  in  balesof  10,  20,  30  or  40  rods.  Pricesrange 
from  20^0  to  41,'n  cents  per  rod.  Catalogue  free  on  request. 

^ “““ ^ ^ tm — • -w. 

BEST  IN  THE  WORLD 

SUN  SHINE  SPRAYING  PUMP 

This  Pti  mp  No.  82  5  B  with  its  solid  brass 
upper  and  lower  cylinders,  ail  brass 
plunger,  brass  valve  seat  and  extra  large 
air  chamber,  capable  of  withstanding  a 
pressure  as  high  as  200  lbs.  per  square 
inch,  meets  every  requirement  of  a 
first  class  sprayer.  Add  to  this  the 
fact  that  we  furnish  fixtures  com¬ 
plete  with  5  ft.  of  hose  and  spray  nozzle 
and  you  have  a  barrel  spraying  pump 
that  not  only  works  easier  but  faster  than 
any  other  pump  of  its  kind  and  has  the 
power  to  reach  the  tops  of  the  highest 
fruit  trees.  For  efficiency  and  durability 
it  can  not  be  excelled.  ^7  Q  O 

Price . . 

WRITE  FOR  FREE  CATALOGUE 


Beat  Corrugated  Roofing  made  for  Roofing. 
Siding,  Ceiling,  Floors,  Fire  Shutters,  Awnings 

is  our  28  gauge  corrugated  steel  roofing  with  steel  corru¬ 
gation  2'A  inches  from  centre  to  centre  and  %  inch  deep, 
weighing  68  pounds  to  the  square  painted  and  85  pounds 
galvanized.  A  roofing  that  is  strong,  durable  and  cheap 
yet  will  wear  a  life-time.  Requires  only  a  hammer  aud 
a  pair  of  trimmer  shears  to  lay  and  is  an  absolute  protec¬ 
tion  against  fire.  Write  for  free  catalogue  with  thou¬ 
sands  of  other  good  things. 

Corrugated  sheets  28  gauge  2%  inch  corru-  7C 
gation  painted  both  sides.  Price  per  square,  t* °*  «* 
Corrugated  sheets  28  gauge  234inch  corru-  <tO  Cfl 
garion  galvanized.  Price  per  square  . . .  yO.D" 

Buggies  &  Vehicles 

We  want  every  home  to  see 
our  line  of  vehicles.  We  sell 
the  highest  grade  of  buggy 
for  the  least  money  of  any 
dealer  on  earth,  you  Co  be  the 
judge.  After  a  careful  ia- 
3605  speetion  if  you  are  not  fully 

satisfied  write  us,  as  our  broad  guarantee  of  “Money  back 
if  you  want  it”  stands  back  of  every  vehicle  in  our  big 
Free  Book.  Big  values  in  our  No.  3605.  Usually 
sold  at  S70.  We  guarantee  to  save  you  (C*)  CC 
$16.15.  Our  price  .  ...... 


Strong  Man”  Gasoline  Engine 

The  best  and  most 
useful  farm  engine 
ever  offered.  It  is  a 
good,  practical,  easily 
operated,  up-to-date 
engine  that  can  be 
used  in  aay  and  every 
emergency  where 
power  is  needed.  Every  part  is  made  of  the  best  material 
and  easily  accessible.  The  crank  shaft  being  drop  forged 
and  the  connecting  rod  phosphor  bronze  bushing.  It  is 
made  on  honor  and  for  work  and  wear.  Buy  now. 

1  H.  P.,  $46.50  2 Y,  H.  P..  $82.00 

_  4  H.  P„  $131.50 _ 

HARMONY  PAINT 

Harmony  Paints  come  ready  for  the 
brush  and  excel  in  beauty,  durabi  lity 
and  economy.  They  arc  always 
uniform,  reliable  and  satisfactory. 
They  come  put  up  in  gallon  cans. 
5  gallon  kits,  A  barrels  and  barrels. 
Gloss  white  for  outside.  Flat  white 
for  inside.  Black  and  a  full  line  of 
beautiful  colors.  One  gallon  covers  300  sq.  ft..  2  coats. 
Cards  showing  paints  for  all  purposes  sent  on  request. 
Price  per  gallon.  95c.  In  barrel  lots,  80  c  per  gallon. 

LASTS  LONGER  THAN  SHINGLES 

Duk  Bak  rubber  felt  roofing  is  pliable, 
strong  and  tough.  Steam,  gas  or  vapor  does 
“ot  affect  it  and  it  can  not  rust,  it  will  re¬ 
sist  fire  and  outwear  any  other  quality  of 
rubber  felt  roofing  as  it  is  provided  with  a 
heavy  coating  of  waterproofing  material  on 
both  sides.  Will  stand  all  climates  and  any 
extreme  of  heat  or  cold.  In  rolls  32  inches 
wide  containing  108  square  ft.  Per  roll, 
1-ply  $1.20,  2-ply  $1.50,  3-ply  $1.80. 
Big  Free  Catalogue  on  request. 


1233 


HARNESS 

Our  claim  for  superiority 
in  the  harness  line  is  based 
on  twenty  years  of  actual 
experience,  on  keeping  in 
close  touch  with  all  the  de¬ 
tails  of  the  improved  meth- 
.  ods  of  manufacture  aid  on 

combining  our  own  ideas  with  those  of  the  man  who  uses  the 
harness.  J  his  has  enabled  ns  to  reach  the  highest  ideals  in 
perfect  appointment  and  construction.  We  use  the  best  oak 
tanned  leather  that  money  can  buy  and  the  very  highest  stan¬ 
dard  styles  of  mounting,  nickel  or  composition,  solid  white 
nickel,  solid  brass,  Davis  Rubber  or  genuine  hard  rubber, 
even  to  the  smallest  buckle.  Wc  employ  only  the  highest 
grade  of  skilled  mechanics,  men  used  to  all  the  modern  appli¬ 
ances  and  accustomed  to  fast  and  systematic  work.  T  his 
means  rapid  production  and  enables  us  to  give  you  a  better 
harness  for  less  money  than  many  so-called  harness  dealers 
who  have  no  working  knowledge  of  the  business.  We 
claim  our  No.  1233  for  a  medium  weight  1 
single  strap  low  cut  breast  collar  harness  at  V  " 

is  a  big  bargain.  If  you  don’t  think  It  worth  S18.00  you  can 
return  it  at  our  expense.  Our  Big  Free  Book  is  filled  with 
bargains.  Write  to-day. 

THE  SAMPSON  STUMP  PULLER 

is  the  best  hand-power  machine  made  be¬ 
cause  it  requires  no  horses,  is  simple,  dur¬ 
able,  convenient  and  powerful.  The  wood 
frame  is  made  of  selected  white  oak  and  the 
lever  bar,  top  hook  and  grips  of  cast  steel. 
Made  to  stand  a  strain  of  65.000  lbs,  to  the 
square  inch  and  lift  80,000  lbs.  It  win 
raise  stumps,  rocks  or  buildings  and  work 
as  well  on  hillsides  as  on  level  land,  lx  is 
guaranteed  to  do  the  work  safer,  quicker 
and  better  than  any  other  stump  puller  of 
equal  size.  One  man  can  lift  20  tons,  2  can 
work  it  to  its  full  capacity.  Satisfaction  guaran-  C  A 

teed  or  money  and  freight  charges  refunded.  Price 


Manufacturers  Distributing  Company  Dept.  H,  Penn  Ave.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

-  _ “PIT  TSBURGH’S  MAIL  ORDER  HOUSE” 


•474i, 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

AN  APRIL  DAY. 

All  clay  low-hung  clouds  have  dropt 
Their  garnered  fulness  down  ; 

All  day  that  soft  gray  mist  hath  wrapt 
Hill,  valley,  grove  and  town. 

There  has  not  been  a  sound  to-day 
To  break  the  calm  of  nature ; 

Nor  motion,  I  might  almost  say, 

Of  life  or  living  creature ; 

Of  waving  bough  or  warbling  bird, 

Or  cattle  faintly  lowing; 

I  could  have  half  believed  I  heard 
The  leaves  and  blossoms  growing. 

I  stood  to  hear — I  love  it  well — 

The  rain’s  continuous  sound. 

Small  drops,  bat  thick  and  fast  they  fell 
Down  straight  into  the  ground. 

For  leafy  thickness  is  not.  yet. 

Earth’s  naked  breast  to  screen, 

Though  every  dripping  branch  is  sot 
With  shoots,  of  early  green. 

Sure  since  I  looked  at  early  morn 
Those  honeysuckle  buds 
Have  swelled  to  double  growth  ;  that  thorn 
Hath  put  forth  larger  studs; 

That  lilac’s  cleaving  cones  have  burst, 

The  milk-white  flowers  revealing; 

Even  now  upon  my  senses  first 

Mcthinks  their  sweets  are  stealing. 

The  very  earth,  the  steamy  air 
Is  all  with  fragrance  rife, 

And  grace  and  beauty  everywhere 
Are  flushing  into  life, 

Down,  down  they  come — those  fruitful 
stores  ! 

Those  earth-rejoicing  drops ! 

A  momentary  deluge  pours, 

Then  thins,  decreases,  stops ; 

And  ere  the  dimples  on  the  stream 
Have  circled  out  of  sight, 

Lo  !  from  the  west  a  parting  gleam 
Breaks  forth  of  amber  light. 

But  yet  behold — abrupt  and  loud 
Comes  down  the  glittering  rain ; 

The  farewell  of  a  passing  cloud, 

The  fringes  of  her  train. 

— Paraphrased  from  Geoffrey  Chaucer. 

* 

One  of  our  friends,  who  makes  extra¬ 
good  mutton  broth,  cuts  into  small 
pieces  the  uncooked  neck  of  mutton 
used,  covers  with  cold  water,  and  puts 
in  the  icebox  overnight,  putting  it  on 
to  cook  slowly  the  next  day.  The  im¬ 
mersion  in  cold  water  draws  out  a  great 
deal  of  nutriment  before  any  of  the 
juices  become  coagulated  by  heat.  After 
its  long  slow  cooking  the  broth  is  cooled 
to  remove  the  fat,  then  heated  with 
seasoning,  shreds  of  vegetables,  if  de¬ 
sired,  and  some  pearl  barley.  Such  broth 
will  be  liked  by  all,  but  is  especially  good 
for  aged  or  delicate  persons.  Beef  for 
Snaking  beef  tea  is  steeped  in  cold  water 
in  the  same  way,  to  its  great  improve¬ 
ment. 

* 

Valparaiso  University,  Valparaiso, 
Ind.,  served  the  students  March  1  with 
a  special  corn  products  dinner,  which 
is  worthy  of  being  copied.  It  included 
sugar  corn  chowder,  escalloped  corn, 
Illinois  hominy,  corn  fritters  with  corn 
syrup,  corn  pone,  corn  gems,  corn  loaf 
bread,  sweet  corn  on  cob,  cornstarch 
pudding,  salted  popcorn.  That  menu  is 
certainly  sufficiently  varied  and  appe¬ 
tizing  to  make  a  confirmed  meat-eater 
.turn  vegetarian.  We  think  it  offers  a 
good  suggestion  for  local  Granges. 
Why  not  work  up  a  rousing  corn  meet¬ 
ing,  have  some  good  speakers  on  corn 
culture,  and  serve  a  corn  supper?  We 
think  it  could  be  made  very  attractive, 
and  there  is  no  doubt  of  its  value,  for 
we  cannot  work  up  too  much  enthus¬ 
iasm  regarding  the  great  American 
grain. 

* 

A  correspondent  who  belongs  to  a 
book  and  magazine  club  asks  how  the 
covers  of  magazines  can  be  re-enforced 
so  that  they  will  not  become  torn  and 
defaced  in  passing  from  one  member  of 
the  club  to  another.  Most  publications 
split  loose  at  the  back  first  of  all,  and 
this  can  be  prevented  by  pasting  a  strip 
of  firm  muslin  neatly  down  the  back, 
and  lapping  over  on  the  covers ;  it  could 
be  done  with  library  paste.  A  great  deal 
of  wear  is  saved  if  each  member  of  the 
circle  has  a  removable  magazine  cover 
of  linen  or  soft  leather,  to  slip  over  the 
periodical  while  in  use.  Many  daily 
commuters,  who  travel  back  and  forth 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


April  S, 


between  New  York  and  the  suburbs, 
have  these  slip  covers  for  the  books 
and  magazines  they  read  on  the  train. 
We  should  think,  however,  that  in  the 
case  of  a  circulating  magazine  club,  it 
would  be  well  to  attach  a  plain  linen 
cover  before  the  periodical  was  circu¬ 
lated.  We  would  like  to  hear  from 
some  of  our  friends  who  belong  to  such 
clubs,  who  can  tell  us  how  they  protect 
the  circulated  magazines  from  dilapida¬ 
tion. 

* 

“The  difference  between  doughnuts 
and  crullers  is  that  doughnuts  are 
raised  with  yeast  and  crullers  with  bak¬ 
ing  powder  or  soda  and  sour  milk,” 
writes  an  anonymous  correspondent,  re¬ 
ferring  to  a  recent  note.  We  used  to 
have  a  similar  impression,  but  refer¬ 
ence  to  various  cook  books  show’s 
“raised  doughnuts,”  which  are  raised 
with  yeast,  and  “doughnuts”  without 
that  distinguishing  adjective  w’hich  are 
made  with  baking  powder  or  sour  milk 
and  soda.  Even  Mrs.  Lincoln’s  “Boston 
Cook  Book,”  which  surely  should  be  an 
authority,  gives  doughnuts  with  yeast, 
and  doughnuts  with  baking  powder  or 
soda.  So  the  mystery  is  still  unsolved, 
though  we  believe  that  oleykoeks,  the 
New  Netherlands  variant  of  the  New 
England  doughnuts,  w’ere  always  raised 
with  yeast. 

* 

The  Nevada  Experiment  Station,  ac¬ 
cording  to  its  recent  report,  has  been 
called  upon  in  the  W'ar  against  the  un¬ 
speakable  bedbug,  and  gives  the  follow¬ 
ing  advice : 

In  one  instance  already  reported  upon 
fumigation  with  hydrocyanic  acid  gas  was 
resorted  to  in  order  to  cleanse  the  rooms  in 
question.  Two  fumigations  at  an  interval 
of  ten  days  gave  entirely  satisfactory  re¬ 
sults.  Other  rooms  not  so  seriously  in¬ 
fested  w’ere  treated  with  buhach  and  gaso¬ 
line.  The  latter  substance  proved  especially 
useful,  and  wms  employed  very  freely.  The 
method  of  application  was  as  follows :  Two 
gallons  of  gasoline  were  poured  into  the 
brass  supply  tank  of  an  automatic  sprayer, 
the  air  in  the  air  chamber  was  compressed, 
and  the  liquid  was  sprayed  in  a  fine  mist 
along  the  edges  of  beds  and  mattresses, 
behind  curtains,  on  the  backs  of  pictures, 
and  behind  baseboards  and  picture  mold¬ 
ings.  All  similar  hiding  places  were  treated 
with  buhach.  The  result  was  entirely  sat¬ 
isfactory,  but  the  proprietors  of  lodging 
houses  and  similar  institutions  should  ex¬ 
orcise  eternal  vigilance  in  regard  to  this  in¬ 
sect.  A  number  of  these  unsavory  insects 
were  enclosed  in  glass  tubes,  and  kept 
under  observation  for  weeks  and  months  to 
determine  how’  long  they  could  live  without 
food.  As  they  lived  from  21  to  180  days, 
it  is  quite  evident  that  in  untenanted  houses 
they  can  live  over  considerable  periods  of 
time. 

Some  Codfish  Recipes. 

Codfish  and  Potato  Soup. — One  cup 
picked-up  codfish,  two  cups  mashed  po¬ 
tato,  one  tablespoon  ful  butter,  one  pint 
water,  one  pint  milk.  Thicken  with  one 
tea  poonful  flour,  which  has  been 
blended  smooth  with  a  little  milk. 

Codfish  and  Tomato  Soup. — One  cup 
picked-up  codfish,  two  cups  stewed  to¬ 
matoes,  one  cup  water.  When  it  gets 
hot  add  one-quarter  teaspoon  ful  .  sale- 
ratus ;  now  add  one  pint  of  milk  and  a 
tablespoon  of  butter. 

Codfish  on  Toast. — One  cup  picked-up 
codfish,  l]/2  cup  water,  one  large  table¬ 
spoon  butter ;  thicken  with  two  tea¬ 
spoonfuls  flour.  Pour  over  toasted 
bread.  Do  not  freshen  the  codfish  in 
any  of  these  recipes,  or  add  any  salt. 

MRS.  K.  B. 


Creole  Hamburg  Steak. 

Will  you  repeat  iu  the  near  future  your 
recipe  for  cooking  Hamburg  steak?  It  was 
made  into  cakes  with  the  addition  of  an 
egg  and  some  milk  and  crackers  or  bread 
crumbs,  fried  and  set  back  on  range  with 
some  stock  and  tomatoes  added.  I  did  not 
add  the  tomatoes,  for  I  do  not  care  for 
them  much,  but  the  meat  was  delicious. 
We  usually  buy  a  round  steak  and  grind  it 
ourselves.  mus.  m.  b.  m. 

No  doubt  Creole  Hamburg  steak  is 
referred  to.  It  requires  V/2  pound  of 
lean  beef,  one  onion,  one  egg,  three 


tablespoonfuls  of  milk,  one  cup  of  bread 
crumbs,  one  teaspoon  of  salt,  one-half 
teaspoon  of  pepper,  one  cup  of  soup 
stock  and  half  a  cup  of  tomatoes.  Chop 
the  meat  fine  and  add  the  onion,  salt, 
pepper,  beaten  egg  and  milk.  Soak  the 
bread  crumbs  in  hot  water  for  five  min¬ 
utes,  then  drain  off  the  water,  and  add 
the  crumbs  to  the  meat.  Form  into  small 
flat  cakes  and  flour  lightly.  Heat  some 
drippings  in -the  frying  pan,  and  when 
hot  put  the  meat  cakes  in  the  pan, 
brown  one  side,  then  turn  and  brown 
the  other.  Add  the  tomatoes  and  stock 
or  hot  water,  cover  the  pan,  and  draw 
back  to  where  it  will  cook  more  slowly 
until  the  meat  is  well  done,  and  the 
liquid  is  reduced  one-half.  Serve  on  a 
hot  platter,  pouring  the  gravy  over  the 
meat. 


Crullers  and  Doughnuts. 

I  notice  that  T.  J.  K.,  on  page  326, 
asks  for  recipe  for  crullers.  The  follow¬ 
ing  is  a  good  old  New  England  one: 
Two  eggs  thoroughly  beaten,  six  table¬ 
spoonfuls  of  sugar,  six  tablespoonfuls  of 
thin  cream,  one  level  teaspoon  ful  bak¬ 
ing  powder,  a  little  salt,  and  flour 
enough  to  roll  thin.  Cut  in  pieces  with 
pastry  jagger  or  knife  about  two  inches 
by  three  and  cut  these  pieces  in  fingers. 
Fry  in  hot  lard. 

Our  recipe  for  doughnuts  was  differ¬ 
ent  from  any  I  ever  saw  in  print,  and 
some  one  might  like  it  as  well  as  we 
do :  One  egg,  one  cup  of  sugar,  one 
cup  of  milk,  one  teaspoonful  baking 
powder,  salt  and  flour  to  make  as  soft  a 
dough  as  you  can  handle.  The  milk 
should  be  as  good  as  new  milk,  but 
use  no  shortening,  as  that  makes  the 
cakes  absorb  fat,  and  they  are  not  as 
good.  N.  L.  H. 


The  place  for  our  light  to  shine  tht 
brightest  is  where  it  is  needed  the  most. 
— Ram’s  Horn. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Direct  fromFactory,  Freight  Prepaid 
and  Guaranteed  by  the  Manufacturer 

You  cau  buy  a  Gold  Ooiu  Stove  from  us  #5  to 
#20  less  than  dealer’s 
prices.  W’e  pay  freight: 
safe  delivery  insured, 
polished  and  all  ready 
to  set  up. 

“Satisfaction  or  your 
money  back  any  time 
within  1  year” 
is  our  written 
guaranty. 

Free  Catalog 
— / llustrates 
all  our  Stores. 
Gives  Price 
List  and  tells  our 
Plan  and  Offer. 
Send  for  it. 

Gold  Coin  Stove  Co. 

3  Oak  St.  Troy,  N.  Y. 


HOLDS  THE  CLOTHES  LINE  TIGHT 

No  knots  to  tic  or  untie.  You  just  pull  and  let  go. 
No  props  required.  SAMSON  GRIPS  can’t  slip  or 
injure  the  line.  Make  women  independent  ;  no 
coaxing  men  folk  to  put  out  the  line.  Every  home 
needs  SAMSON  GRIPS.  Write  for.  our  special 
money  making  proposition  for  agents.  Sample 
set,  25c.  Stamps  taken. 

OLIVER  ELECTRIC  CO.,  Inc., 

204  Hale  Bldg.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 


Pumps  Air  Through  Clothes  % 


Syracuse  “EASY**  Washer  uses 
vacuum  principle  and  forces  air 
and  suds  through  the  clothes. 
Cleans  perfectly  without  pulling, 
hauling  or  tearing.  Built  to  last  a 
lifetime.  Write  today  for  Free  Laundry 
Recipes  and  30-Day  Free  Trial  Offer. 
DODGE  &  ZUILL,  224  M  Dillaye 
Building,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  or  Easy 
Washer  Co.#  Bruce  and  Dundas 
Streets,  Toronto,  Canada. 


10  DAYS  FREE  TRIAL 


We  ship  on  approval  without  a  cent 
deposit,  freight  prepaid.  DON’T 
PAY  A  CENT  if  you  ere  not  satisfied 
after  using  the  bicycle  10  days. 

a  bicycle  or  a  pair 
of  tires  from  an  yone 
at  any  price  until  you  receive  our  latest 
art  catalogs  illustrating  every  kind  of 
bicycle,  and  have  learned  our  unheard  of 
prices  and  marvelous  new  offers. 

is  all  it  will  cost  you  to 
write  a  postal  and  every¬ 
thing  will  be  sent  you  free  postpaid  by 
roturn  mail.  You  will  get  much  valuable  in¬ 
formation.  Do  not  wait,  write  it  now 
TIRES,  Coaster  -  Brake  rear 
wheels,  lamps,  sundries  at  half  usual  prices. 

Mead  Cycle  Co #  Dept,  wao  Chicago 


DO  NOT  BUY 


ONE  CENT 


,ee 

In 

Select 
Company 

It’s  the  very  nature  of  a  soda 
cracker  to  absorb  moisture  and 
foreign  odors. 

That’s  why  the  ordinary  soda  cracker 
remained  so  long  in  obscurity. 

The  advent  of  Uneeda  Biscuit  and  the  moisture- 
proof  and  odor-repelling  package  changed 
all  this — for  Uneeda  Biscuit,  the  perfect 
soda  cracker,  keeps  select  company 
— its  own. 

To-day  the  goodness,  the 
freshness  and  body-build¬ 
ing  virtues  of  Uneeda 
Biscuit  are  acclaimed 
in  tenement  and 
mansion. 


Never  Sold 
in  Bulk 


Mf: 


moisture-proof  J 
package  jjj|j 

’-io;:;.' ;V.::  •'  ,'v 

iiAriollB  MscuiT  COMPANY  | 


1911. 


THE  RURAIs  NEW-YORKER 


476 


Bayberry  Candles. 

I  have  long  wished  to  know  the  process 
of  making  the  old-fashioned  sweet-scented, 
and  (in  these  days)  highly  valued  candles 
from  the  berries  of  the  wax  myrtle  or 
bayberry.  I  have  quantities  of  it  growing 
on  my  place.  Last  Fall,  several  months 
before  Christmas,  I  wrote  to  a  monthly 
household  paper  which  I  take,  hoping  to 
be  able  to  make  some  for  gifts  and  for 
myself.  They  never  took  any  notice  what¬ 
ever  of  my  request.  If  you  can  give  me 
the  information  I  wish,  or  tell  me  where  I 
can  tind  it,  I  shall  be  very  grateful. 

MRS.  j.  e.  c. 

The  berries  are  gathered  as  soon 
as  they  mature,  but  they  will  keep  in¬ 
definitely  in  a  dry  place,  and  the  candles 
may  be  made  whenever  convenient.  To 
prepare  the  wax  the  berries  should  be 
placed  in  a  preserving  kettle,  with  an 
equal  quantity  of  cold  water,  and  boiled 
steadily  for  four  hours,  the  kettle  being 
filled  up  with  hot  water  as  it  boils  down. 
After  the  boiling  should  come  an  hour 
of  simmering,  and  then  the  kettle  should 
be  set  back,  where  the  contents  will  keep 
hot  for  a  while  before  being  set  away  for 
the  night  The  berries  should  not  be  re¬ 
moved  from  the  kettle  nor  disturbed  in 
any  way,  as  this  causes  the  wax  to  sink 
to  the  bottom.  In  the  morning,  if  these 
directions  have  been  carefully  followed, 
the  wax  will  have  formed  a  firm  hard 
cake  on  the  top  of  the  water.  It  must 
then  be  remelted  and  strained  to  free  it 
from  impurities.  Melt  slowly  and  pass 
through  a  wire  strainer.  Let  it  become 
quite  cold  again,  remelt  and  strain 
through  cheesecloth  or  lawn. 

While  this  is  going  on  the  moulds 
may  also  be  in  process  of  preparation. 
These  are  made  by  rolling  paper  several 
times  around  a  wax  candle  of  the  de¬ 
sired  size,  taking  care  to  keep  the  edges 
perfectly  even,  glueing  it  securely  and 
closing  the  lower  end  with  a  disk  of 
paper  slashed  to  a  circle  which  just  fits 
the  end  of  the  mould.  The  mould  is 
placed  upon  the  circle,  and  the  laps  of 
the  slashed  border  are  turned  up,  folded 
over  one  another  in  regular  order  and 
carefully  glued.  The  circle  may  be 
traced  by  using  another  candle  of  the 
same  size  as  that  around  which  the 
paper  is  wrapped.  The  candle  is  now 
taken  from  the  mould,  melted,  poured 
back  again,  and  then  emptied  out  at 
once.  This  gives  a  coating  of  wax, 
which  prevents  the  paper  from  absorb¬ 
ing  the  precious  bayberry  wax.  After 
this  the  bottom  of  the  mould  may  be 
perforated  exactly  in  the  center  to  admit 
the  passage  of  the  wick.  The  wick  is 
made  by  braiding  the  candle  wick  which 
comes  in  balls  for  the  purpose.  One  end 
is  waxed  and  threaded  through  the  hole 
in  the  bottom  of  the  mould  from  the  out¬ 
side.  The  outer  end  is  separated,  and 
the  three  strands  are  spread  out  over 
the  bottom  of  the  mould  on  the  outside 
and  glued.  Another  disk,  slightly  larger 
than  the  first,  with  a  slashed  border,  is 
placed  over  them,  and  the  laps  are  turned 
up  and  glued. 

A  frame  to  hold  the  moulds  can  be 
made  by  cutting  holes  of  suitable  size  in 
the  bottom  of  a  box,  and,  after  they 
have  been  placed  in  it  the  wicks  should 
be  drawn  up  taut  and  secured  by  means 
of  a  hatpin  passing  through  them  and 
resting  in  notches  cut  on  either  side  of 
each  mould.  The  moulds  are  now  ready 
for  the  wax,  which  should  be  melted 
slowly,  and  not  allowed  to  get  hot 
enough  to  smoke.  As  it  cools  in  the 
moulds  it  will  settle  a  little,  leaving  a 
hollow,  which  should  be  filled  up  each 
time  it  appears.  The  candles  should  be 
left  in  the  moulds  until  they  are  hard, 
hut  not  quite  cold.  Then  each  layer  of 
the  bottom  should  be  removed  with  a 
penknife  and  the  rest  of  the  paper  peeled 
off  spirally.  The  bottom  end  of  the 
wick  should  be  cut  off  close  to  the  can¬ 
dle  and  the  top  to  within  an  inch  of  it. 

It  takes  a  quart  of  bayberries  for  each 
candle.  Of  course  a  regular  metal  mould 
may  be  used  if  one  has  it;  many  New 
England  housekeepers  possess  this,  but 
the  bayberry  candles  ordinarily  seen  are 
the  size  called  short  sixes,  meant  for 
iancy  candlesticks,  rather  than  the  eights 
used  as  bedroom  candles. 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  pattern  and  measurement  de¬ 
sired. 

The  first  group  includes  68S5,  house 
jacket,  34  to  44  bust.  4%  yards  of 
material  27  inches  wide,  3  yards  36,  2 y2 
yards  44,  y2  yard  of  silk  for  trimming, 
for  medium  size.  6963,  over  waist  with 
tunic  for  misses  and  small  women.  14, 
16  and  18  years.  The  material  required 
is  3^4  yards  27  inches  wide  or  2l/2  yards 
36  or  44  inches  wide,  for  the  16  year 
size.  6945,  child’s  one-piece  apron, 
closed  on  shoulders,  4,  6  and  8  years. 
1  yard  of  material  27  or  36  inches  wide, 
1/4  yard  of  banding,  for  6  year  size. 
6966,  girl’s  coat,  with  or  without  sailor 


collar.  4  yards  of  material  27  inches 
wide,  3  yards  36  or  2  yards  44  inches 
wide,  with  4 l/2  yards  of  braid.  Sizes  10, 
12  and  14  years.  6835,  two-piece  skirt 
for  misses  and  small  women,  14,  16  and 
18  years.  3  yards  of  material  24  or  27 
inches,  wide,  2  yards  44  or  52,  for  16 
year  size;  price  of  each  10  cents. 

The  second  group  shows  6861,  men’s 
house  coat,  34  to  44  breast  4%  yards 
of  material  27  inches  wide,  2%  yards  44, 
2  yards  52,  with  7  yards  of  cord  for 
trimming  for  medium  size.  6475,  boy’s 
Norfolk  suit,  8  to  14  years.  5*4  yards 
of  material  27  inches  wide,  4  yards  44 
or  3  yards  52,  for  12  year  size.  6729, 
fancy  waist,  34  to  40  bust.  1%  yard  of 
mater  21  or  24  inches  wide,  Y&  yard  36 
or  44  for  yoke  with  sleeves,  1  yard  21 
or  24,  §4  yard  36  or  44  for  full  portions, 
1J4  yard  of  lace  for  tucker  and  under¬ 
sleeves  to  make  as  illustrated,  1  yard  of 
all-over  lace  for  yoke  and  long  uiider- 
sleeves  for  medium  size.  6791,  circular 
triple  skirt,  22  to  30  waist.  5J4  yards 


of  material  24  or  27  inches  wide,  3J4 
yards  44,  2%  yards  52  for  the  circular 
flounce,  3j4  yards  24  or  27,  1^4  yard  44 
or  52  for  foundation,  width  of  skirt  at 
lower  edge  2^4  yards,  for  medium  size. 
6827,  three-piece  skirt,  with  high  or 
natural  waist  line,  22  to  30.  4)/2  yards 

of  material  24  or  27  inches  wide,  2^4 
yards  44  or  52,  for  medium  size.  6330, 
tucked  negligee,  34  to  44.  The  quantity 
of  material  required  for  the  medium 
size  is  3*4  yards  24  or  32,  2*4  yards  44 
inches  wide,  5?4  yards  of  banding,  2l/2 
yards  of  ribbon;  price  of  each  pattern 
10  cents. 


More  About  Poison  Ivy. 

I  have  noticed  that  none  of  the  senders 
of  the  various  remedies  for  ivy  poison¬ 
ing  that  have  appeared  in  The  R.  N.-Y. 
during  the  last  three  years  have  advised 
applying  these  remedies  hot.  There  is  a 
great  deal  of  the  poison  ivy  in  the  vicin¬ 
ity  of  my  home,  and  as  I  am  very  sus¬ 
ceptible  to  its  effects  I  have  frequent 
opportunity  to  try  various  cures.  Sev¬ 
eral  remedies  have  proved  equally  effi¬ 
cacious,  but,  in  my  own  case  at  least,  the 
cure  is  wonderfully  hastened  by  making 
the  application  as  hot  as  can  be  borne, 
and  the  heat  is  very  soothing  and  grate¬ 
ful  to  the  itching,  burning  surface.  A 
saturated  solution  of  powdered  sugar  of 
lead  in  50  per  cent  alcohol,  or  one  part 
chloride  of  lime  in  about  15  parts  water, 
or  a  teaspoonful  each  of  bicarbonate  of 
soda  and  household  ammonia  in  a  cup 
of  water,  these  are  all  good  remedies, 
applied  very  hot.  I  find  the  sugar  of 
lead  in  alcohol  the  speediest  cure. 

LOUISE  PRINCE  FREEMAN. 

The  Bookshelf. 

The  Outlook  to  Nature,  by’ Prof.  L. 
H.  Bailey.  This  book  contains,  in  re¬ 
vised  form,  four  lectures  given  as  part 
of  the  University  Course,  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Education  Committee  of 
the  Twentieth  Century  Club.  The  lec¬ 
tures  are  grouped  under  the  following 
titles:  “The  Realm  of  the  Common¬ 
place  “City  and  Country ;”  “The 
School  of  the  Future;”  “Evolution  in 
Quest  of  Truth.”  All  are  marked  by 
Professor  Bailey’s  freshness  of  outlook 
and  felicity  of  expression,  and  also 
strike  the  genuine  note  in  country  life. 
There  is  a  vast  difference  between  the 
author  who  writes  of  the  country  be¬ 
cause  it  is  fashionable  to  “get  back  to 
the  land,”  and  the  man  in  whom  love  of 
rural  life  is  the  spontaneous  utterance  of 
the  hearty  Few  could  read  “The  Realm 
of  the  Commonplace”  without  feeling 
that  it  put  a  new  and  permanent  gilding 
upon  the  simple  happenings  of  everyday 
life,  while  “The  School  of  the  Future” 
might  well  be  studied  by  parents  and 
teachers  alike.  A  sound  and  whole¬ 
some  book  that  should  hold  a  perman¬ 
ent  place  in  the  family  reading.  Pub¬ 
lished  by  the  Alacmillan  Company,  New 
York;  195  pages;  price  $1.25  net;  post¬ 
age  12  cents  additional. 


MR  FOR 


PRINTS 


You  cannot  afford  to  waste 
the  cost  of  dress-making  by 
spending  it  on  inferior 
fabrics. 

Simpson  -Eddystone 
Silver  Grey  Prints 

are  the  cotton  dress-goods  of 
beautiful  appearance,  lasting 
quality,  and  true  economy. 
These  standard  calicoes  have 
artistic  designs  printed  deep 
in  fadeless  color  on  well 
woven  fabrics.  They  are 
v-  backed  by  68  years’  experi- 
™ ence  ana  skill.  “Worth 
making  up.” 

Show  this  advertisement  to  yonr 
dealer  when  you  order,  and  don't 
accept  substitutes.  If  not  in  your 
dealer’s  stock  write  us  his  name 
and  address.  We’ll  help  him 
supply  you. 

The  Eddystone  Mfg.  Co.,  Philad’a 


Founded  1842  byWrn.Simpson SR 


TAPESTRY 
WOOL,  9  x 

Art  Squares— 9  x  12 
ft.,  $3.2S  up.  Fine 
Smyrna  Rugs— 9  j 
12  ft.,  $6.98.  Mat 
ting — from  18c  a  yard 
up.  Oil  Cloth  — 24c  a 
yard  up.  Linoleum— 41c 
a  sq.  yard  and  up.  Brus¬ 
sels  Carpets— 10c  a  yard 
up. 


Just  think!  Floor 
coverings  as  fine 
as  can  be  made- 
beautiful,  long  last- 
Quar  an  teed,  with 
bright,  fadeless  colors— 
at  regular  manufactur¬ 
er's  prices ,  one-third  to 
one-half  less  than  retail! 
We  buy  in  big  lots.  You 
know  that  saves  money. 


Roxboroilh  Rugs 

Tlict  O  O  Kifr  1  n  .  . 


Just  as  big  bargains  in 
Body  Brussels,  Axmin- 
■ters.  Velvets,  Ingrains, 

Wiltons,  Rag  Carpets, 

Carpet  Linings,  Cocoa 
Mats  and  Lace  Curtains. 

Talk  about  handsome 
patterns!  We  have 
them  for  parlor, 
bedroom,  dining 
room  and  kitchen.  _ 

ROXBOROLGH  RUG  CO.,  Dept.  377  ,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


Get  a  postal  right  now, 
and  write  for  our  hand¬ 
some  illustrated  cata¬ 
logue.  It  tells  all  about 
each  article  and  gives 
you  the  exact  low  price. 
Don’t  put  off  writing! 
You  won’t  have  to  buy 
unless  you  want  to,  but 
by  all  means  send  for 
the  catalogue,  and  see 
the  low  prices. 


SPEAR  Will  Trust  You 
Wherever  You  Live— Write 
For  His  Free  Catalog 


A  Personal 
Word 

The  rich  and 
prosperous  class 
can  always  com¬ 
mand  the  lux¬ 
uries  of  life,  but 
the  average 
home  lover  needs 
the  Spear  System 
of  Credit  to  the 
Nation.  I  want 
1,000,000  families 
to  say  of  me:— 
‘He  helped  us  to 
fnruish  andbeau- 
tify  our  homes.” 
I  ask  for  no  high¬ 
er  tribute  to  my 
life’s  work. 
Write  for  my 
Free  Catalog. 

Spear 


NO  matter  where  you  live, you  can  buy  everything  needed 
forth©  home  from  us  on  credit  and  on  easy  payments 
to  suit  your  convenience.  All  you  need  to  do  is  to  mail 
us  your  name  and  address  and  wo  will  at  once  send  you, 
frw,  our  Mammoth  Home  Furnishing  Catalog,  containing 
illustrations  from  photographs  ana  full  descriptions  of 
thousands  of  articles  in  Furniture,  Rugs,  Carpets  and 
Home  Furnishings  sold  by  us  on  longtime,  open  account, 
easy  credit  terms.  * 

Credit  Buying  Made  Easy 

With  the  aid  of  the  Big  Spear  Bargain  Catalogue  you 
can  select  anything  you  want  from  hundreds  of  articles  in 

Furniture,  Refrigerators,  Washing  Machines, 

Carpets,  Clocks,  Springs, 

Rugs,  Sewing  Machines,  Mattresses 

Stoves,  Lace  Curtains,  and  Bedding, 

Ranges,  Dishes,  Go-Carts 

We  offer  you  a  vastly  larger  and  better  stock  than 
even  the  biggest  city  Stores,  and  you  can  make  your 
selections  right  at  homo  with  your  family  at  your  elbow. 

Pay  When  Convenient 

Your  Credit  I.  good  with  us.  Why  not  use  it?  Under 
our  liberal  open  account,  easy  payment  plan  you  can 
have  every  possible  advantage  in  buying  for  your 
home  possessed  by  the  most  favored  and  well-to-do- 
shopper  in  the  city  stores.  Our  credit  system  is 
extended  to  honest  pet  le,  everywhere,  regardless  of 
their  income.  You  need  not  deny  yourself  any  article 
of  household  comfort  or  luxury  on  account  of  a  lack 
of  ready  cash.  Select  what  you  want  from  our  Catalog, 
pay  a  little  cash  down  ana  a  little  each  month. 

Our  Prices  Are  The  Lowest 

Ypliile  our  credit  terms  are  the  most  liberal  in  the 
obuntry,  yet  our  prices  are  the  lowest.  This  is  bo¬ 
ot  our  immense  purchasing  power  and 
enormous  volume  of  sales.  Wo 
buy  goods  in  such  vast  quanti¬ 
ties  that  we  secure  betterprices 
than  would  be  possible  to 
smaller  concerns,  and  by  ex¬ 
tending  our  business  to  tens 
of  thousands  of  customers  all 
over  the  country,  we  can  af- 
,  ford  to  accept  just  one  small 
.  added  profit  from  each  sale. 

I  We  allow  no  store  or  factory 
'  on  earth  to  undersell  us.  Just 
get  our  prices!  , 


A  high  color 
Brussels  Rug, 
red  rose  design 
with  either 
green  or  tan 
ground. 

No.  CW  4602, 
9x12  size. 
Price,  $11.95 
$1.50  Cash 
75c  por 
month 


a 


Take  a  Month  To  Decide 

Anything  you  se¬ 
lect  from  our 
Bargain  Catalog 
will  be  shipped 

on  approval.  Keep 
the  goods  30  days, 


A  complete  Bed  OutfiJ 
consisting  of  heavy, 
well  made  Iron  Bod,  any 
color,  4  feet  6  inches  wide, 
a  good  woven  wire  sprin 
with  coil  supports,  a 
pound  cotton  top  mattress 
and  two  feather  pillows. 

No.  CW  201,  Price,  $11.60 
—$1.60  Cash— 75c  por  month 

A  full 

size, 
one 

motion 
Collap¬ 
sible 
Go-Cart 

heavy 
rubber 
tires,  all 
steel 
frame, 
mud 
guards 
oyer 

r  ade 

omei 
reen  or  tan. 


wheels  and  high  gr 
leatherette  covering.  Co 
either  in  dark 


vuu  sun™  •>«  u»ja,  miner  m  dark  green  or  ! 
then  decide  to  buy  No.  CW  100,  Price,  $0.95. 
or  return  at  our  ex-  75c  Cash— 50c  por  Month 
pense.  If  not  fully 
satisfied,  the  goods  may  be  sent 
back  at  our  expense  and  wo 
will  refund  your  money. 


Big  Rocker  Bargain 


Terms:  75c  Cash 
With  Order 

Balance  Payable  50c  Monthly 

SPEAR  &  COMPANY,  Deparlmentl9MM Pittsburg,  pi 


A  large,  comfortable, 
solid  oak  Rocker  with  high 
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buttoned.  Seat  is  largo  and 
roomy,  upholstered  with  high- 
gradeblack  Sylvan  leatherover 
full  steel  springs  and  beautiful¬ 
ly  ruffled  edge  to  match  back. 

Construction  is  solid  golden  oak 
tnroughout,with  high  gloss  gold¬ 
en  finish.  Wide  arms, front  posts 
of  handsome  design.  Satisfac¬ 
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Write  For  Free  Catalog  Today 


-are 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


April  8, 


Some  Bird  Literature. 

Twenty  years  ago,  if  one  wanted  to 
get  any  accurate  idea  of  the  bird  world, 
the  first  need  was  to  buy  a  copy  of  Mr. 
Elliott  Coues’  “Key  to  North  American 
Birds,”  a  volume  costing  $7.50,  and  (as 
I  compare  the  memory  of  it  with  books 
upon  my  shelves)  having  600  to  800 
pages,  and  weighing  between  three  and 
four  pounds.  This  work  is  exhaustive 
as  to  plumage,  structure,  classification 
and  all  scientific  details,  but  not  more 
interesting  as  reading  matter  than  is  a 
dictionary.  It  is  eminently  useful  for 
identifying  specimens  in  the  hand  and 
indispensable  to  those  seeking  for  thor¬ 
ough  scientific  knowledge  of  birds. 

Wishing  to  learn  about  the  habits, 
songs  and  individuality  of  the  feathered 
friends  in  our  woods  and  dooryards,  I 
bought  instead  “A  Popular  Handbook 
of  the  Ornithology  of  the  United  States 
and  Canada,”  a  work  edited  by  Monta¬ 
gue  Chamberlain  and  based  upon  “Nut- 
tail’s  Manual.”  As  Thomas  Nuttall  died 
in  1859,  and  as  he  was  a  born  bird-lover 
with  a  wonderful  eye  for  distinguishing 
traits  and  as  remarkable  an  ear  for  bird 
notes,  his  writings  have  the  charm  of 
the  classics.  Mr.  Chamberlain's  work 
was  to  introduce  the  scientific  accuracy 
to  which  the  study  had  advanced  in 
1891,  the  date  my  books  bear,  for  it  is 
a  two-volume  manual,  costing  in  the 
neighborhood  of  $7,  a  price  I  could  ill 
afford  to  spend,  but  my  Nuttall  has 
proved  a  joy  forever.  Let  me  puzzle  for 
hours  over  some  bird  mystery  and  then 
go  to  him  for  light,  and  there  will  1 
find  the  very  notes  or  ways  I  have  de¬ 
tected,  all  charmingly  described.  Then  I 
am  sure  of  my  bird's  name  and  of  what 
my  own  eyes  or  ears  thought  they  ob¬ 
served  (bird  study,  like  some  other 
things,  often  leading  the  too  credulous 
to  jump  into  false  conclusions). 

The  years  that  followed  the  republica¬ 
tion  of  Nuttall’s  works  saw  such  charm¬ 
ing  writers  as  Dr.  Charles  Abbott  of 
New  Jersey;  Mrs.  Olive  Thorne  Miller, 
principally  in  New  England,  and  Mr. 
Frank  Chapman,  of  New  York  City,  all 
putting  forth,  one  after  another,  books 
about  birds.  Those  delightful  essayists, 
also,  John  Burroughs  and  Bradford 
Torrey,  were  contributing  most  beguil¬ 
ing  pages  of  bird  observation  to  the 
magazines  and  making  us  long  to  buy 
all  their  collected  papers  when  put  forth 
between  book  covers.  We  soon  learned 
to  treasure  up  all  of  Dr.  C.  Hart  Mer- 
ri'am’s  wisdom  that  came  in  our  way, 
and  to  think  the  books  written  by  Miss 
Florence  Merriam  all  too  few,  and 
among  the  most  delightful  we  knew. 
Some  of  these  writers  set  their  skill  to 
the  task  of  making  hand-books  for 
student’s  use.  Each  will  have  its  special 
merits  for  those  wdio  use  it.  For  myself 
nothing  in  the  way  of  a  one-book  guide 
has  ever  seemed  more  practical  than 
Frank  Chapman’s  “Bird-life.” 

But  there  are  various  handbooks  less 
expensive  to  buy  and  dealing  with  more 
restricted  areas,  but  well  worth  owning. 
The  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  of 
North  Carolina  gives  in  Bulletin  No. 
144  a  list  with  notes  covering  the  ornith¬ 
ology  of  that  State,  and  equally  useful  in 
the  surrounding  country.  Colorado  puts 
forth,  in  Bulletin  No.  37,  an  equally  in¬ 
teresting  resume  concerning  its  bird- 
wealth,  with  list  of  publications,  and  so 
forth.  No  doubt  other  experiment  sta¬ 
tions  can  furnish  similar  handbooks,  and 
those  who  have  even  a  budding  interest 
in  birds  should  inquire  what  their  State’s 
agricultural  station  has  to  meet  their 
needs.  All  such  should  also  send  at 
once  to  Washington,  D.  C.,  for  Bulletins 
No.  3,  No.  54,  and  No.  9,  addressing  the 
Biological  Survey,  U.  S.  Department  of 
Agriculture.  With  -  merely  the  Bulletin 
No.  54  in  hand  any  farmer,  or  his  wife, 
or  children,  may  get  a  bowing  acquaint¬ 
ance  with  perhaps  20  of  those  birds  most 
common  and  most  noticeable  about  the 
farm,  for  the  pictures,  though  uncol¬ 
ored,  have  painstaking  accuracy.  The 
text  has  to  do  with  food  habits,  but  once 
you  know  a  bird  by  sight  you  may,  if  so 
fortunate  to  dwell  -where  it  is  seen  fre¬ 
quently,  study  out  songs,  dates  of  arrival 
and  choice  of  nesting  sites  for  yourself. 
It  would  be  well,  for  teachers  especially, 
to  correspond  with  the  nearest  Audu¬ 
bon  Society,  as  pamphlets  and  other  pub¬ 
lications  might  be  learned  about.  The 
Audubon  Bird  Charts  (two  series)  each 
show  26  of  our  best-loved  birds  in  form, 
coloring  and  pose  so  natural  as  to  make 
their  recognition  in  the  flesh  almost  un¬ 
avoidable.  Every  school  room  where 
these  are  not  owned  should  purchase 


them  from  the  Massachusetts  Audubon 
Society,  234  Berkeley  Street.  Boston, 
Mass.  And  “every  teacher  finding  these 
charts  hanging  to  fade  and  grow  monot¬ 
onously  tiresome  all  Winter  should  lay 
them  away  until  April,  when  for  three 
months  they  will  be  sources  of  interest 
and  help. 

One  of  the  best  books  ever  issued  in 
the  interest  of  bird  study  in  a  prescribed 
locality  is  Mrs.  L.  W.  Maynard’s  “Birds 
of  Washington  and  Vicinity.”  The  de¬ 
scriptions  are  noticeably  simple  and  ac¬ 
curate,  and  the  text  shows  abundant 
reading,  as  well  as  the  best  of  first-hand 
knowledge.  Frank  Chapman’s  ingenious 
“F'ield  Key  to  Our  Common  Land 
Birds”  is  included.  Though  a  dollar 
book,  it  is  well  worth  its  cost  to  a  bird- 
lover  of  Maryland  or  Virginia,  and  will 
answer  well  as  a  manual  for  the  student. 
Some  years  ago  the  J.  E.  Williams  Co., 
of  Amherst,  Mass.,  published  an  inex¬ 
pensive  handbook  in  paper  covers,  giv¬ 
ing  descriptions  and  brief  mention  of 
arrival,  eggs,  nests,  songs  and  food  of 
“The  Birds  of  Amherst,”  and  nearly  the 
whole  of  Hampshire  Co.,  Mass.  There 
are  reasons  why  the  smaller  “Guide,” 
dealing  only  with  the  species  one  is 
likeliest  to  see  is  the  least  confusing  of 
all  helpers  in  identifying  a  feathered 
stranger.  We  are  ambitious  to  own  the 
key  in  which  every  possible  specimen  is 
listed,  and  then  we  fall  into  the  way  of 
going  first  to  our  handy  little  local  sum¬ 
mary  where  the  thing  we  want  to  know 
is  not  buried  deep  amid  hundreds  we 
don’t  want  to  know.  a.  m.  t. 


My  Garden  Mistakes. 

The  seed  catalogues  are  coming  in, 
and  I  am  forgetting  the  snow  that  blan¬ 
kets  the  garden  spots  and  seeing  instead 
such  thrifty  rows  of  peas  and  beets, 
corn  and  tomatoes  as  never  grew  ex¬ 
cept  at  this  season  of  the  year  and  seen 
only  in  the  mind’s  eye. 

"Now,  what  were  those  mistakes?”  I 
asked  myself.  “What  were  the  garden 
iollies  I  meant  never  to  be  guilty  of 
again?  I  remember  thinking  them  over 
last  Fall,  and  1  wish  I  had  written  them 
down.  Oh,  now  I  recollect !” 

One  folly  was  the  petting  of  a  tomato 
plant  which  came  up  beside  something 
in  the  window  garden.  I  potted  it  off 
after  a  while,  and  if  became  a  vigorous 
young  thing,  looking  as  if  it  boasted  it¬ 
self  as  ’way  ahead  of  the  small  seedlings 
a  friend  gave  me.  She  had  sowed  a 
panful  of  early  and  late  sorts,  and  baby 
seedlings,  set  in  flats,  and  then  potted 
off,  gave  me  good  plants  for  my  garden 
rows  when  danger  of  frost  was  over. 
But  from  my  one  house-grown  seedling 
1  expected  great  things,  because  it  had 
such  an  early  start  and  because  I  gave 
ii  a  place  in  the  flower  bed  south  of  the 
house  and  a  rustic  support  to  climb  upon. 
It  was  too  late  to  set  a  Clematis  there 
when  the  rose  had  been  cleared  away. 
"But  I  will  surprise  the  family  with 
early  tomatoes,”  said  I,  and  was  proud 
of  my  great,  thrifty  plant.  Busy  days 
came  on,  but  I  tied  my  tomato  to  its 
frame  and  watched  it  grow.  But  some¬ 
how  my  garden  plants  gave  me  ripe  to¬ 
matoes,  while  its  few  clusters  of  fruit 
were  still  gaining  shape  and  color.  The 
soil  of  the  flower  bed  was  too  rich  and 
more  vine  than  fruit  was  the  result,  there 
was  no  gain  in  earliness  and  finally  the 
variety  proved  undersized,  though  fair 
and  smooth.  So  no  more  pet  seedling 
tomatoes. 

Another  thing  I  came  to  regret  was 
tl'.at  I  had  planted  early  string  beans 
next  to  late  sweet  corn.  The  beans  being 
gene,  I  sowed  late  beets  in  the  row,  and 
my  tall  sweet  corn  shaded  the  land 
badly.  In  a  large  garden  these  things 
would  not  matter,  but  I  like  to  have 
long  rows,  and  so  can  have  only  one 
or  two  of  each  sort  of  vegetable.  The 
•matter  of  keeping  the  ground  occupied 
up  to  the  end  of  the  season  is  one  I 
never  quite  succeeded  in.  Cabbage  and 
turnips  I  can  get  from  field-grown  lots. 
The  late  beets  did  only  fairly  well  but 
might  have  grown  faster  if  farther  away 
from  the  corn.  Beets,  we  ’find,  can 
scarcely  be  too  small  for  canning,  and 
the  little  just-grown  ones  are  much 
more  sweet  and  tender  than  the  big, 
coarser-fibered  ones  that  have  been 
growing  since  Spring.  Kale  makes  a 
very  good  space  filler.  Lettuce  can  be 
used,  but  we  seem  to  have  lost  relish  for 
it  after  tomatoes  and  other  salad  mate¬ 
rial  is  plenty. 

One  mistake  I  certainly  shall  not  re¬ 
peat  was  the  planting  of  one  long  row  of 
sweet  corn  at  a  time.  I  did  not  know, 
until  I  read  it  somewhere,  that  the  cross 
fertilization  that  takes  place  where  sev¬ 
eral  rows  of  corn  stand  side  by  side  is 
quite  essential  if  one  would  grow  well- 
filled  ears. 

And  did  I  make  the  soil  too  rich  for 
my  Dahlias  where  they  gave  me  twisted 
buds  that  developed  upon  only  one  side? 


[“Blasting”  of  Dahlia  buds  often  results 
from  an  enfeebled  root  system  combined 
with  too  rapid  soft  growth  of  top.  It  is 
usually  the  result  of  liberal  watering 
without  stirring  the  surface  of  the  soil. 
Many  growers  think  it  better  to  give  fre¬ 
quent  surface  cultivation  rather  than  ar¬ 
tificial  watering.  The  dust  mulch  is 
helpful  to  the  Dahlia,  which  will  endure 
many  deficiencies  of  soil  so  long  as  it  is 
not  baked  hard. — Eds.]  There  was  a 
time,  when  the  plants  were  about  a  foot 
high,  when  they  seemed  to  feel  life  a 
failure,  but  after  a  while  all  recovered 
and  grew  vigorously.  I  fancied  that  the 
Dahlias  demanded  very  rich  soil,  but 
perhaps  I  did  not  have  the  well-rotted 
and  deeply  plowed-in  compost  they  like. 
1  rather  like  having  my  Dahlias  in  the 
vegetable  garden.  My  plan  was  to  pick 
every  bloom  and  to  keep  a  great  bowlful 
on  the  sitting-room  table.  If  I  had  been 
selling  vegetables  I  should  have  sent  the 
Dahlias  to  market  along  with  other 
things.  But  I  would  have  been  careful 
to  bunch  the  pink  and  crimson  sorts  to¬ 
gether  and  the  scarlet  and  white  ones  by 
themselves.  Just  yellow  and  white 
blossoms  make  lovely  bouquets,  or  white 
Dahlias  with  some  fine  green  foliage. 
But  to  mingle  crimson  and  scarlet  is  a 
hideous  color  discord. 

And  now  as  I  study  my  seed  cata¬ 
logues  I  am  wondering  how  many  of  my 
1911  plans  will  need  to  be  repented  of 
next  Fall.  Shall  I  make  a  failure  in 
trying  to.grow  a  few  dwarf  Cupid  sweet 
peas  beside  my  radishes  and  lettuce?  I 
should  so  love  picking  a  fragrant  hand¬ 
ful  each  morning  for  the  breakfast  table. 
And  is  it  safe  to  set  tomatoes  a  third 
season  where  I  have  such  a  convenient 
place  for  resting  the  tops  of  old  bean¬ 
poles  against  some  tall  poultry-netting 
fence?  It  has  been  such  a  fine  place  for 
tying  them  up,  and  easy  to  add  a  circle 
of  two-foot  poultry  netting  and  so  pro¬ 
tect  them  from  the  hens.  But  the  to¬ 
matoes  there  last  season  seemed  a  trifle 
less  vigorous  than  those  on  fresh  soil. 

I  know  that  it  is  always  advisable  to 
change  the  Lima  beans  from  the  place 
they  grew  the  year  before,  but  how  about 
tomatoes?  I  find  mustard  recommended 
•for  boiling  like  spinach,  and  wonder  if 
the  sort  one  can  plant  in  “Summer  or 
Early  Fall”  would  not  be  a  good  thing 
to  follow  peas  and  lettuce.  Shall  I  make 
a  mistake  in  planting  mustard  for 
greens?  [Mustard  and  cress,  planted 
together,  is  always  the  very  first  Spring 
salad  with  many  old-fashioned  English 
gardeners.  It  is  also  sown  in  shallow 
boxes  and  and  grown  in  the  window. — 
Eds.] 

Last  Summer  as  I  would  come  up 
from  my  garden  in  the  dewy  morning 
with  a  basket  filled  with  handsome  vege¬ 
tables  of  various  sorts,  and  topped  by  a 
handful  of  Dahlia  blossoms,  I  would 
own  to  myself  that  whatever  mistakes 
I  made  there  was  none  in  having  a  gar¬ 
den  in  which  to  experiment  and  grow 
wise.  PRUDENCE  PRIMROSE. 


A  Batch  of  Pancakes. 

Buckwheat  Cakes. — Two  cups  butter¬ 
milk,  one  cup  buckwheat  flour,  one  cup 
flour,  two  teaspoonsful  sugar,  one  tea¬ 
spoonful  salt,  one  level  teaspoon  of  sal- 
eratus.  These  are  more  wholesome  than 
cakes  made  of  all  buckwheat.  I  make 
graham  cakes  the  same  way,  using  one 
cup  of  graham  flour  in  place  of  the 
buckwheat. 

Cornmeal  Cakes. — Two  cups  butter¬ 
milk,  one-half  cup  cornmeal,  cups 
of  flour,  two  teaspoonsfuls  sugar,  two 
eggs,  one  tablespoon  fill  melted  butter, 
one  teaspoon  salt,  one  level  teaspoon 
saleratus. 

Flannel  cakes  I  make  of  all  white  flour, 
using  sweet  milk  and  baking  powder, 
eggs,  sugar,  salt  and  butter. 

MRS.  K.  B. 


Where  are  the  great,  whom  thou  wouldst 
wish  to  praise  thee? 

Where  are  the  pure,  whom  thou  wouldst 
choose  to  love  thee? 

Where  are  the  brave  to  stand  supreme 
above  thee? 

Whose  high  commands  would  cheer,  whose 
chidings  raise  thee? 

Seek,  seeker,  in  thyself,  submit  to  find 

In  the  stones  bread,  and  life  in  the  blank 
mind. 

— Arthur  Hugh  Clough. 


This  Work  Shoe 
Wears  Like 
the  Hoofs  of 
a  Horse 

The  Haskin- 
Granger  Shoe 
is  strictly  a 
work  shoe  for 
farmers. 

The  uppers 
are  made  of  the  stoutest  leathers 
known  to  shoemakers,  genuine 
French  Kip.  oil-tanned  moose,  calf, 
etc.  The  outsoles  are  of  specially 
selected,  hemlock-tanned  steer’s 
hide,  pegged  to  equally  solid  leather 
insoles.  We  purposely  avoid  sewing 
on  our  soles.  The  best  linen  thread  in 
the  world  will  not  withstand  the  wet 
rotting  of  stable  refuse  and  manure. 
We  use  brass  standard  screws  and 
old-fashioned  maple  pegs  that  shrink 
and  swell  with  the  leather  and 
always  keep  a  water-tight  bottom. 

The 

Haskin-Granger 

Shoe 

is  not  to  be  confused  with  the  ordi¬ 
nary  mail  order  shoe.  The  Haskin- 
Granger  shoe  is  made  in  our  own 
factory  under  expert  supervision. 

We  are  making  the  most  sensible 
and  serviceable  farm  shoe  in  the 
world.  We  are  selling  direct  to  the 
farmer  and  eliminating  all  middle 
profits.  We  stand  back  of  every  shoe 
we  make  and  guarantee  perfect  sat¬ 
isfaction  or  money  refunded. 

Write  Dept.  A  for  illustrations  of 
leading  styles  with  full  descriptions 
and  prices. 

For  our  responsibility  refer  to  the 
Citizen’s  Trust  Co., 
Utica,  N.  Y.,  or  any 
bank  in  Utica. 

The  Haskin  Shoe 
Mfg.  Company 

Sfiftville 
Mc.w  York 


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You  can  wear  clothes  as  stylish  as  can  be 
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Our  book  offers  a  wide  variety  of  patterns 
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Charity  Sweetheart’s  Letter. 

The  Spring  sunshine  stirs  one’s 
blood,  and  I  am  not  content  to  sit  in 
the  house  and  sew.  There  is  a  new  charm 
in  Nature,  and  new  delights  in  her  un¬ 
folding  of  the  tender  leaves.  But  what 
is  called  sometimes  “Spring  fever” 
comes  too,  a  feeling  of  tiredness,  a  lack 
of  the  vigor  that  keeps  one  going  in  the 
cool,  bracing  weather,  and  a  failure  of 
appetite.  Everything  tastes  alike,  and 
one  wearies  of  the  same  old  pudding  and 
revolts  at  a  “stew.”  So  when  I  came  in 
the  other  day  from  clearing  up  the  yard 
a  bit,  and  found  there  was  no  fresh  meat 
in  the  house,  I  determined  to  make  some 
macaroni  croquettes,  which  I  had  seen 
recommended,  and  they  were  certainly 
very  appetizing.  The  first  thing  was  to 
melt  two  tablespoonfuls  of  butter  and 
stir  in  flour,  about  three  or  four  spoon¬ 
fuls,  then  add  a  cup  of  hot  milk  and 
cook  till  rather  thick,  adding  salt  and 
pepper  and  two  tablespoonfuls  of 
grated  cheese.  Take  from  the  fire  and 
stir  in  the  beaten  yolks  of  four  eggs 
and  a  cupful  of  cold  boiled  macaroni 
cut  into  very  small  pieces.  I  turned  it 
out  to  cool,  then  cut  into  croquettes  and 
dipped  in  beaten  egg,  fried  them  in  hot 
fat,  and  we  add  enjoyed  the  change, 
though  “Minty”  said,  “Why,  Charity, 
they  took  more  time  and  work  than  fry¬ 
ing  pork,  but  they’re  very  nice.”  And 
Brother  laughed  and  said,  “You  women 
are  always  wanting  to  get  something 
new.” 

A  neighbor  came  in  to  supper  and  we 
had  some  stewed  prunes  that  she  said 
did  not  taste  like  hers,  and  I  told  her 
that  we  simmered  them  for  12  hours  on 
the  back  of  the  stove  with  a  little  granu¬ 
lated  sugar  added,  to  bring  out  the 
flavor.  We  keep  the  lid  on  the  saucepan, 
but  never  let  them  boil,  and  sliced  lemon 
is  an  improvement.  Aunt  Agnes  Draper 
came  over  the  other  day;  she  is  one  of 
those  helpful  old  souls  that  everybody 
calls  “Auntie,”  and  we  always  enjoy  one 
of  her  visits.  While  we  were  washing 
the  dishes  a  small  boy  came  in,  asking 
for  a  little  milk,  and  when  he  was  gone 
she  said : 

“I  was  real  glad  you  didn’t  skim  it. 
Charity;  so  many  people  only  give  away 
the  blue  skim-milk  of  human  kindness.” 

1  laughed  and  said  I  didn’t  think  about 
it. 

“No,”  she  said,  “I  know  you  didn’t. 
You’re  not  built  that  way,  neither  was 
your  mother  before  you.  She  never 
spoiled  a  favor  by  being  ungracious 
about  it.” 

I  was  pleased  to  have  Mother’s  good¬ 
ness  remembered  by  her  old  friends;  it 
seemed  to  do  me  good,  and  I  thought 
one  might  take  the  lesson  to  heart,  for  in 
our  kindness  toward  each  other,  there  is 
often  a  good  deal  of  “skimming”  done, 
a  hint  or  manner  that  takes  the  cream 
from  a  kindly  deed. 

The  burdens  of  the  housekeeper  in¬ 
crease  with  the  lengthening  days,  as 
Spring  work  looms  up  in  the  near  dis¬ 
tance,  but  I  have  determined  not  to  be 
overwhelmed,  and  to  take  one  day  at  a 
time,  not  to  crowd  two  days  into  one. 
If  we  only  have  health,  we  can  vary 
the  tasks  before  us,  and  plan  what  is 
best,  instead  of  plodding  along  with  our 
heads  down.  “Minty”  never  cared  about 
gardening  so  I  have  made  a  bargain 
with  her  to  get  the  breakfast  and  dinner 
and  let  me  work  outside,  for  I  enjoy 
clearing  up,  and  sowing  seeds.  One 
thing  that  I  learned  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  is 
to  have  a  fair  trial  this  season,  and  that 
is  when  sowing  the  first  green  peas  to 
put  a  hill  of  sweet  corn  every  few  feet 
in  the  row.  If  no  cold  weather  comes  to 
check  its  growth  it  will  be  very  early 
and  can  have  the  ground  when  the  peas 
are  done,  and  if  cold  does  come  it  can 
be  resown  if  nipped.  There  is  quite  a 
demand  for  green  peas  shelled,  at  the 
hotels,  some  people  having  a  prejudice 
against  the  canned  goods,  and  it  is  my 
'ntention  to  put  in  an  eighth  of  an  acre 
of  them,  and  if  they  do  well,  I  can  do 
the  shelling  in  the  afternoons  instead  of  . 
embroidery.  It  is  clean,  tidy  work,  and 
1  can  sit  out  of  doors  under  the  trees, 
and  feel  that  I  am  not  idle.  But  this  is 
<tll  in  the  future;  how  thankful  we 
should  be  for  the  comfort  we  find  in  an¬ 
ticipation,  though  Brother  says  I  am 
often  given  to  counting  my  chickens  “be¬ 
fore  they  are  hatched.” 

And  speaking  of  chickens  reminds  me 
that  I  am  quite  envious  of  the  success 
with  poultry  that  I  read  about  in  The 


R.  N.-Y.  the  past  Winter,  for  our  hens 
have  never  done  so  badly.  They  are 
the  same  breed,  are  not  over-crowded, 
kept  in  the  same  house,  fed  the  same 
food  as  other  Winters,  but  we  have  had 
very  few  eggs,  while  some  of  our  neigh¬ 
bors  who  give  them  less  care,  have  had 
eggs  for  market.  I  do  not  like  to  give 
up  a  problem  and  am  always  anxious  to 
know  wherein  I  fail,  but  cannot  think  of 
anything  except  that  a  strange  ill-tem¬ 
pered  boy  fed  them  while  Brother  was 
away  in  early  Winter.  But  they  laugh 
at  me  when  I  suggest  such  a  reason  for 
the  falling  off  in  eggs,  yet  I  have  read 
that  a  change  of  attendant,  if  the  later 
one  is  rough  and  surly,  will  sometimes 
stop  the  supply.  Now  they  are  laying 
well,  and  using  their  freedom  to  investi¬ 
gate  the  garden,  where  I  am  sure  they 
do  good  at  this  season  of  the  year, 
when  they  enjoy  a  change  of  food  and 
insect  life  is  astir  in  the  soil.  Oh,  the 
joy  of  the  early  Spring  days!  All  nature 
is  being  renewed,  and  as  I  hear  in  my 
consciousness  the  call  of  the  garden, 
leading  to  fresh  endeavor,  all  weariness 
leaves  me  and  I  am  ready  to  be 
“Up  and  doing, 

With  a  heart  for  any  fate.” 

CHARITY  SWEETHEART. 


A  Word  For  the  Rag  Carpet. 

A  great  many  people  think  a  rag 
carpet  not  worth  bothering  with.  It  is 
all  a  matter  of  skill  in  the  making, 
whether  “a  thing  of  beauty”  or  just  a 
shabby  floor  covering.  I  made  my  first 
rag  carpet  30  years  ago.  It  was  a  stripe, 
but  I  was  too  economical  to  use  much 
coloring,  and  it  never  could  be  called 
handsome,  though  it  was  used  on  our 
dining  room  for  10  years,  and  then 
ripped  and  washed,  doing  duty  in  the 
kitchen  for  three  years  more,  washing 
and  turning  until  it  was  worn  out.  My 
next  carpet  was  a  hit  or  miss,  and  it 
was  a  miss.  As  before  I  used  very  little 
coloring,  and  as  most  of  the  rags  were 
faded  there  was  no  contrast.  I  used  it 
for  a  few  years  and  then  gave  it  away 
and  bought  an  ingrain.  I  wanted  no 
more  rag  carpets.  Last  Summer  the 
dining  room  floor  again  needed  covering 
and  there  was  very  little  money  to  spare 
at  that  time  to  buy  another  carpet. 
Looking  over  the  accumulation  of  old 
clothes  I  saw  there  was  plenty  of  ma¬ 
terial  for  a  carpet,  and  I  decided  to 


make  a  rug  for  the  center  of  the  room, 
that  and  a  strip  to  put  in  front  of  the 
bed  in  the  little  room  off  it  would  take 
20  yards.  I  cut  10  pounds  of  black  rags, 
mostly  men’s  working  shirts  and  my 
black  calico  dresses.  I  would  need  30 
pounds  of  rags  for  that  amount  of  car¬ 
pet.  The  other  20  pounds  were  white 
and  light  faded  pieces;  these  I  colored 
red,  green  and  yellow,  eight  pounds  of 
red  and  six  pounds  each  of  green  and  a 
lemon  yellow.  I  used  an  old  tin  dishpan 
to  color  in,  and  used  two  packages  of 
each  color.  I  put  in  as  many  rags  as  I 
could  stir  and  cover,  and  when  they 
were  done  put  some  more  rags  in  the 
same  dye  and  kept  it  boiling  until  it  was 
pretty  well  evaporated.  The  second 
batch  was  a  lighter  shade  but  very 
pretty.  This  carpet  is  a  hit  or  miss.  I 
tore  the  pieces  as  large  as  possible,  and 
all  small  ones  were  caught  together  with 
a  few  stitches.  When  they  were  all 
dyed  I  weighed  them  out  in  four  dif¬ 
ferent  piles  of  each  color,  then  mixed 
each  quarter  well,  and  then  began  to 
sew.  I  sewed  them  on  the  machine,  had 
the  ends  of  all  rags  square,  and  lap 
about  a  quarter  of  an  inch. 

Do  not  have  any  ends  sticking  up,  or 
your  carpet  will  look  rough.  Don’t  use 
seams  or  any  dirty  rags,  and  don’t  tear 
them  too  coarse.  A  carpet  is  nicer  made 
of  all  cotton  rags.  I  have  kept  my 
woolen  pieces  for  rugs.  If  you  mix 
them,  the  woolen  ones  wear  out  much 
sooner  and  make  a  carpet  look  bad.  I 
like  either  yellow  or  white  warp;  it 
makes  a  carpet  look  bright  and  clean. 
A  pound  of  warp  to  every  three  yards 
is  the  rule.  I  painted  the  bedroom 
floor  yellow,  two  coats;  it  is  onlv  10x12, 
and  just  room  for  a  bed  and  washstand 
with  a  strip  of  carpet  between,  and  so 
easy  to  keep  clean.  The  dining  room 
has  a  strip  of  three  feet  painted  all 
around  the  wall,  and  my  new  rug  in  the 
middle,  and  is  the  admiration  of  all  who 
see  it.  When  I  got  through  my  color¬ 
ing  I  found  so  many  pieces  of  faded 
ginghams  and  light  calicoes  that  were 
strong  and  had  taken  the  dye  so  well 
that  it  seemed  a  pity  to  use  them  for 
carpet  rags.  I  had  an  old  quilt  that  I 
wanted  to  cover.  I  tore  these  pieces  up 
into  six-inch  strips  and  joined  them  with 
other  pieces  of  new  goods  that  I  had, 
and  they  made  me  a  new  comforter  for 
almost  nothing.  mrs.  kate  buchan. 


Rog.  U.  S.  Pat.  Off. 


Macbeth  “  Pearl 
Glass”  lamp-chim¬ 
neys  bring  the  right 
balance  of  draft  to 
the  llame,  and  let 
die  light  shine  with-, 
out  hindrance. 

Common  chim¬ 
neys  give  a  dull 
light.  They  hinder 
the  light  because  the  proportions 
are  wrong  and  the  glass  is  misty. 

Get  my  Index  and  you  will  know  just  what 
lamp-chimney  to  get.  I  make  one  for  every 
style  and  size  of  burner.  Address, 

Macbeth 

Macbeth-Evans  Glass  Co.  Pittsburgh 

Chicago:  Philadelphia: 

178  East  Lake  Street  42  South  Eighth  StreeJ 

\  New  York:  19  West  30th  Street 


44  Bushels  to  the  Acre 

is  a  heavy  yield,  but  that's  what  John  Kennedy  of 
Edmonton,  Alberto,  Western  Canada,  got  from 
40  acres  of  Spring  Wheat  in  1910.  Reports 
from  other  districts  in  that 

Iirovince  showed  other  excel- 
ent  results— such  as  4,000  bush¬ 
els  of  wheat  from  120  acres,  or 
33)6  bushois  per  acre.  26. 80  and 
40  bushel  yields  were  numerous. 
As  high  as  132  bushels  of  oats  to 
the  aero  were  threshed  from 
Alberta  fields. 

THE  SILVER  CUP 

at  tho  recent  Spokano  Fair  was 
awarded  to  tho  Alberta  Government 
for  its  exhibit  of  grains,  grasses  and  vege¬ 
tables,  Reports  of  excellent  yields  for  1910 
wine  also  from  Saskatchewan  and  Manitoba 
in  Western  Canada. 

Free  Homesteads  of  1 00  acres, 
and  adjoining  pre-emptions  of  160 
acres  (at  $3  per  acre),  are  to  he  had 
in  the  choicest  districts. 

Schools  convenient,  climate  ex¬ 
cellent,  soil  of  the  very  best,  rail¬ 
ways  close  athnnd,  building!  timber 
cheap,  fuel  easy  to  get  anti  reason¬ 
able  In  price,  water  easily  procured, 
mixed  farming  a  success. 

Write  as  to  bost  place  for  settlement,  set¬ 
tlors' low  railway  rates,  pamphlet  "hast  Best 
West"  and  other  information,  to  Sapt.  of  Im- 
mig.,  Ottawa,  Can.,  or  to  Can.  Gov't  Act.  (04) 

Supt.  of  Immigration,  Ottawa,  Canada,  or 
Canadian  Government  Agent,  SO  Syracuse 
Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Syracuse.  N  V. 


478 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

LINE-BREEDING  IN  POULTRY. 

Will  Mr.  Geo.  A.  Cosgrove  give  us  an 
article  on  the  method  or  practice  used  in 
line-breeding  poultry?  c.  w.  H. 

Jackson  Center,  Pa. 

Line-breeding  is  “in-breeding”  at  the 
start,  that  is,  mating  the  cock  to  pullets 
from  himself,  and  the  hen  to  a  cockerel 
from  her  eggs.  Supposing  C.  W.  H.  has  a 
cock  and  hen  that  he  greatly  admires 
and  wishes  to  breed  from  them  only.  We 
will  call  the  male  blood  “C”  and  the 
female  “H.”  The  chicks  the  first  year 
will  be  half  “C”  and  half  “H”  blood. 
If  the  next  season  the  male  is  mated  to 
the  pullets,  the  third  .year’s  chicks  are 
three-fourths  “C”  blood,  and  if  the  hen 
is  mated  with  one  of  the  half-blood  cock¬ 
erels  her  chicks  will  be  three-fourths 
“H”  blood.  If  it  is  desired,  and  the  old 
cock  is  still  vigorous,  the  same  thing  can 
be  practised  for  another  year,  and  the 
progeny  will  then  be  seven-eighths  re¬ 
spectively  of  the  blood  of  the  original 
male  and  female.  Now  he  has  prac¬ 
tically  two  distinct  strains  of  blood  in 
his  yards,  or  only  remotely  related,  and 
C.  W.  H.  can  readily  see  how  these  can 
be  crossed,  reserving  some  of  the  seven- 
eighths  blood  to  mate  back  on  the  prog¬ 
eny  of  the  cross,  both  on  the  male  and 
the  female  side;  breeding  back  toward 
the  original  blood  lines  for  three  or  four 
years  and  then  crossing  again.  Of 
course  chicks  must  be  toe-marked  and 
records  kept  of  each  lot,  so  it  can  be 
known  just  what  the  breeding  of  each 
flock  is.  It  is  quite  a  little  trouble,  but 
a  good  deal  of  satisfaction  to  know  just 
what  your  flock  is  bred  from,  and  to 
note  the  characteristics  of  some  ances¬ 
tor  cropping  forth  in  his  progeny.  It 
takes  away  part  of  the  mere  drudgery, 
and  makes  poultry  keeping  more  interest¬ 
ing,  more  of  a  scientific  pursuit. 

GEORGE  A.  COSGROVE. 


‘  TUBERCULIN  TEST. 

Would  you  let  me  know  the  process  of 
testing  cows  for  tuberculosis?  k.  g. 

New  Jersey. 

The  ‘process  of  testing  cows  with 
tuberculin  consists  in  taking  their  tem¬ 
peratures  about  thrftcrr  'rues  during  the 
day,  two  hours  apart,  and  recording  the 
temperatures.  From  one  to  three  cubic 
centimeters  of  diluted  tuberculin,  the 
quantity  depending  upon  its  strength  and 
the  size  of  the  animal,  is  then  injected 
into  the  animal’s  neck  under  the  skin 
near  the  shoulder  with  a  graduated 
hypodermic  syringe,  which  must  be 
sterilized  after  each  injection.  At  the 
end  of  eight  hours  after  injection  the 
temperatures  are  again  taken  and  con¬ 
tinued  at  two-hour  intervals  for  six  to 
12  hours.  If  the  temperature  rises  gra¬ 
dually  to  104  degrees  or  higher,  which 
must  be  at  least  ll/2  degree  higher  than 
the  normal  temperature  determined  on 
the  previous  day,  and  then  drops  to 
normal,  it  is  called  a  reaction.  A  re¬ 
action  is  caused  by  an  active  tubercle 
in  the  animal.  Tuberculin  should  al¬ 
ways  be  used  by  veterinary  surgeons  or 
persons  familiar  with  its  use,  as  local 
conditions  and  condition  of  animals 
tested  must  be  taken  into  consideration 
when  making  tests.  Animals  which  are 
badly  affected  will  not  react.  A  physi¬ 
cal  examination  of  such  animals  will 
show  that  they  are  at  least  not  healtlnq 
and  such  cases  are  the  only  ones  in 
which  a  physical  examination  is  of  any 
service.  The  only  instrument  required 
is  the  hypodermic  syringe,  which  may  be 
procured  from  any  manufacturer  of  sur¬ 
gical  instruments.  c.  S.  G. 


PAMPERING  FARM  ANIMALS. 

Is  it  not  possible  to  take  too  good 
care  of  animals?  Of  course  one  can¬ 
not,  in  one  way,  take  too  good  care,  as 
the  best  caretaker  would  naturally  not 
overdo  things.  What  I  mean  Is,  that  it 
may  be  possible  to  get  too  much  of  a 
good  thing.  I  do  not  wish  to  set  up 
any  rules,  out  of  two,  perhaps  excep¬ 
tional,  experiences,  but  it  may  be  well 
to  give  the  facts.  I  have,  in  previous 
years,  fed  to  my  cows,  in  addition  to  a 
fixed  grain  ration  (one  pound  of  bran 
and  cotton-seed,  meal  to  three  or  four 
of  milk,  according  to  whether  the  cows 
are  fresh  or  not)  as  much  roughage  as 
they  would  eat.  This  roughage  con¬ 
sisted  of  good  silage  twice  a  day,  and 
pea  and  oat  straw  or  hay.  In.  addition, 
some  potatoes  were  fed.  This  year  I 
was  a  little  short  on  roughage,  and  so 
fed  much  less  than  ever  before,  but  with 
the  same  grain  ration.  The  cows  did, 
if  anything,  better  than  usual,  under 
these  conditions.  As  contributory  causes 
I  may  mention  the  fact  that  I  put  in 


THE  HURAE  NEW-YORKER 


muslin  curtain  ventilation  this  Winter, 
and  that  having  sorted  out  a  large  quan¬ 
tity  of  potatoes  affected  by  rot  I  fed 
four  bushels  a  day  to  nine  head. 

The  other  experience  wras  with  poul¬ 
try.  We  have  an  old  hogpen,  which  is  a 
lean-to,  on  the  north  side  of  the  barn. 
There  are  only  two  windows,  which  are 
in  the  upper  corner,  facing  east  and 
west.  It  is  single-boarded,  and  in  a 
sunny  day  is  colder  than  it  is  out  of 
doors.  When  the  ground  heaves  the 
door  jamb  rises  up  and  makes  it  impos¬ 
sible  to  shut  the  door  tight.  In  this 
building(?)  we  keep  43  hens.  None  of 
these  were  pullets.  They  are  strictly 
mixed  breeds.  I  feed  them  once  a  day, 
about  six  quarts  of  oats  and  either  two 
quarts  of  corn  on  the  ear  or  a  kettle  of 
boiled  potatoes.  I  never  give  them  both 
corn  and  potatoes.  I  water  them  once  a 
day.  Unless  there  is  a  strong  wind, 
blowing  from  the  side  where  the  door  is, 
or  the  thermometer  is  below  zero,  I  leave 
the  door  wide  open  all  day  to  let  a 
little  ,  warmth  in.  If  there  are  bare 
spots  around  I  feed  them  out  of  doors. 
They  have  laid  almost  all  Winter,  with 
the  exception  of  about  four  weeks,  and 
one  hen  did  not  even  stop  then,  she 
laying  off  and  on  all  Winter  when  it 
was  so  cold  that  it  was  as  long  as  I 
wanted  to  stay  out  to  get  the  egg  she 
had  laid  before  it  froze.  This  hen,  by 
the  by,  is  a  Rhode  Island  Red.  More 
and  more  started  in,  until  March  1  they 
laid  as  many  as  22  in  one  day,  average 
about  15.  One  hen  died,  so  we  have 
only  44.  This  is  so  much  better  than 
anyone  else  around  has  done,  there  being 
only  one  flock  which  equals  the  record, 
and  that  flock  kept,  like  ours,  in  a  cold 
place,  that  it  furnishes  food  for  thought. 
Is  not  a  properly  balanced  ration,  and 
lots  of  ventilation,  perhaps  of  more  im¬ 
portance  than  a  warm  house,  less  ven¬ 
tilation,  and  more  care? 

ALBERT  H.  DE  GRAFF. 


We  Wilt  Deliver , 
Set  lip  And  Start 

A  SHARPLES 

Dairy  Tubular 
Cream  Separator 
In  Your  Home 

FREE 

And  Leave  It  With  Yon  For 
A  Thorough,  Free  Trial. 
You  Pay  No  Freight— Pay 
Nothing  In  Advance— Take 
No  Trouble,  Risk  Or  Res¬ 
ponsibility.  * 

We  make  this 
Offer  to  you  io  prove  that  the 
Sharpies  Dairy  Tubular  is 
The  World’s  Best— the  only 
separator  that  produces  skim¬ 
ming  force  enough  to  do  the 
work  without  disks  or 
other  contraptions. 

Later  than,  different 
from  all  others.  Twice  the 
skimming  force  of  others. 
Skims  faster  and  twice  as 
clean.  Repeatedly  pays  for 
itself  by  saving  what  others 
lose.  Wears  a  lifetime.  Guaranteed  forever  by 
America’s  oldest  and  world’s  biggest  separator 
Concern.  You  can  own  and  use  a  Tubular  for 
less  than  any  other  make.  How  can  you  afford 
to  risk  anything  on  any  of  the  common  or  (so 
Called)  cheap  machines  that  T ubulars  are  every¬ 
where  rap¬ 
idly  replac¬ 
ing.  Ask 
for  catalog 
No.  153  and 
free  trial. 

THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO- 

WEST  OJIESTEK,  PA. 

Chicago.  111.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Portland,  Ore, 
>  Toronto,  Can.,  Winnipeg,  Can. 


CATTLE 


30 


CRUM  B’S  warrmcer 


Prof.  P.  G.  Helyar  of 
Mt.  Herman  School,  Mt. 
Herman,  Mass.,  writes: 

“We  could  not  get  along 

without  Warriner  Stanch¬ 
ions.” 

Send  address  for  book- 
-  let  of  information  to 

WALLACE  B.  CRUMB,  Box  Ml,  Forestville,  Conn. 


COW  COMFORT 

Means  additional  profit.  Simple 
durable,  easily  locked.  Foster 
Steel  Stanchions  cannot  be 
opened  by  the  cattle.  Top  and  bot¬ 
tom  chains  permit  free  head  move¬ 
ment,  standing  or  lying  down,  yet 
keep  cattle  lined  tip  and  clean. 
Write  for  new  booklet  showing 
model  stables. 

Foster  Steel  Stanchion  Co., 

906  Ins.  Bldg.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


Ml  EXCELSIOR  swing  stanchion 


Warranted  The  Best.  30  Days’  Trial 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  when  open 
Noiseless  Simple  Sanitary  Durable 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEIN-FR1ESIAN  ASS’N  OF  AMERICA 
F.  L.  HOUGHTON.  SECY.  BOX  1 05.  BRATTLEBQRO.VT. 

Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford ,  Conn offer  the  fol- 
. — r  •  lowing  Gilt  Edge  Stock  for 

sale.  One  magnificent  Yearling  Guernsey  Bull  (reg¬ 
istered);  one  full  blooded  Jersey  Bull  (registered). 
Dams  of  both  extra  heavy  producers.  Jersey 
Sire,  Hood  Farm  Pogis;  Guernsey  sire,  Fantim’s 
Zac  Taylor  (imported).  One  registered  Berkshire 
Boar  5  mos.  old,  perfect  form  and  breeding  cannot 
be  beat.  One  Chester  White  Boar  9  mos.  old,  pure 
bred,  quick  and  sure,  an  exceptional  animal,  price 
right.  12  Single  and  Double  Comb  R.  I.  Red  Cock¬ 
erels  $3.00  each  (Tuttle  Strain).  Bred  for  utility  as 
well  as  beauty.  Full  blooded  Imperial  Pekin  Duck 
Eggs  for  hatching  $1.00  per  13— $G. 00  per  hundred. 
Full  blooded  S.  and  D.  C.  R.  I.  Red  Eggs  for  hatch¬ 
ing.  Guaranteed  100$  fertility  from  our  Utility  Pens. 
$1.00  per  10 — $1.00  per  hundred.  The  above  stock  is 
guaranteed  to  be  pure  bred  and  the  price  is  right. 

BIST.  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somerville,  N.  J. 

Robinson’s  HOLSTEINS  are  Producers 

They  are  Tuberculin  Tested.  Forty  just  fresh  and 
that  will  freshen  in  the  next  two  months,  with 
milk  records  from  8,000  to  12,000  lbs.  in  the  last 
year.  V.  D.  ROBINSON,  Kdmeston,  N.  Y. 

To  Avoid  Inbreeding,  We  Will  Sell  Our 
HERD  BULL 

AMERICA  DE  KOL  BURKE, 

A  great  son  of  the  great  De  Kol  Burke.  It  will 
pay  you  to  come  and  see  him.  Write  for  pedigree. 
Several  young  calves  out  of  A.  K.  O.  dams  for  sale. 

CLOVEKOALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

C.  S.  Lunt,  Owner  J.  J.  Eden,  Manager 


ALLAMUCHY  FARM  HOLSTEINS 

We  offer  well  bred  bull  calves  out  of  A.  R.  O. 
dams  at  reasonable  prices.  Send  for  list  before 
placing  your  order.  ALLAMUCHY,  N.  J. 


The  Wasson 
Box  GO, 


Stanchion  Co., 
Cuba,  N.  Y. 


<1*  7  R  BUYSHolsteinYearlingBull:  sire  75$  blood  of 
■  d  World  Champion  Cow  and  brother  to  TheKing 
of  the  Pontiacs ;  a  bargain.  IRA  S,  JARVIS,  Hart- 
wick  Seminary.N.Y.,  Riverside  Fruit  &  Stock  Farm 

Jersey  Bulls  For  Spring  Service 

From  Son  of  “The  Imported  Jap.’’  Dams  are 
Flying  Fox,  Financial  King,  Stoke  Pogis,  and 
Combination  Blood.  Also  Fertile  Eggs  from 
Y’oung’s  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns,  Wrights  W.  Wyan- 
dottes,  and  Tuttle’s  R.  and  S.  C.  R.  I.  Reds,  $1.00 
per  15,  $5.00  per  100  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

SHELDONCROFT,  Silver  Lake,  Pa. 
Chas.  B.  Dayton, Supt. 

LAUREL  FARM  JERSEYS 

breed  regularly,  and  their  calves  live.  Fern’s  Jubi- 
loe  still  beads  the  herd.  What  do  you  want?  _ 
Will  also  sell  full  blooded  Morgan  hlly,  coming 
2  and  a  beauty,  at  $100. 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N,  Y. 

—Jersey  Bull  Calves 
can  afford  to 

buy.  Superior  dairv  dams,  xo  better  sires.  K.F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Breed  Up— Not  Down 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  beti 


REGISTERED  AYRSHIRES 


FOR  SALE-GRADE  GUERNSEYS  SUiTS: 

Mtllr  PrtwIiTrprc  for  New  York  City  market 
1HUIY  nuuuicio  desiring  information  how  to 

form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
tlte  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otsiville,  N.  Y. 


DOGS 


SCOTCH  COLLIES,  Spayed  Females,  two  to 
eight  mos.  Cite.  SILAS  DECKER,  Montrose,  Pa 

pm  I  IC  D 1 1  DQ — From  imported  stock.  Females 

UULLIL  lUlu  cheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 

r  ROBERTSON’S  CHAIN 
L  HANGING  STANCHIONS 
“1  have  moil  them  for  more 
than  TWENTY  YEARS,  and  they 
have  given  the  very  best  of  satis¬ 
faction  lu  every  way,”  writes 
Justus  H.  Cooley,  M.D.,  Plainfield 
Sanitarium,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 
Thirty  days’  trial  on  application 
O.  H.  ROBERTSON 
£jjj  Wash.  St.,  Eorestville,  Conn. 


April  8, 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


uses 


Train  Your  Colt 

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TIIE  PERCIIERON  SOCIETY 
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"Howto  Raise  Calves  Cheaply  and  Successfully  Without  Milk' 

Contains  full  information  and  complete  feeding  directions  for  using 

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479 


FEEDING  PROBLEMS. 

Under  this  headi-g  we  endeavor  to  give  advice 
and  suggestions  about  feeding  mixtures  of  grains 
and  fodders.  No  definite  rules  are  given,  but  the 
advice  is  based  upon  experience  and  average 
analyses  of  foods.  By  ‘-protein”  is  meant  the 
elements  in  the  food  which  go  to  make  muscle  or 
lean  meat.  “Carbohydrates”  comprise  the  starch 
sugar,  etc.,  which  make  fat  and  provide  fuel  for 
the  body,  while  “fat”  is  the  pure  oil  found  in 
foods.  Dry  matter”  means  the  weight  of  actual 
food  left  in  fodder  or  grain  when  all  the  water  is 
driven  off.  A  “narrow  ration”  moans  one  in  which 
the  proportion  of  protein  to  carbohydrates  is  close 
— a  “wide”  ration  means  ono  which  shows  a  larger 
proportion  of  carbohydrates. 

Oats  and  Rye  in  Milk  Ration. 

I  would  like  to  make  up  a  good  feeding 
ration  for  new  milch  cows  from  the  fol¬ 
lowing  :  Bran,  gluten,  cornmeal,  cotton-seed 
meal,  oats,  also  have  some  rye.  ji. 

Oats  and  rye  should  always  be  ground 
before  feeding  to  milch  cows,  and  rye 
should  never  be  fed  in  large  quantities, 
as  it  is  not  suitable  for  this  purpose.  It 
is  impossible  for  me  to  give  you  a  for¬ 
mula  for  a  ration  that  will  apply  to  all 
conditions,  as  it  makes  a  great  differ¬ 
ence  what  roughage  you  have  to  feed 
with  it.  A  good  average  grain  ration  to 
be  fed  with  clover  hay  and  silage  could 
be  composed  of  three  pounds  wheat 
bran,  two  pounds  cotton-seed  meal,  one 
pound  gluten  feed,  one  pound  ground 
oats,  one  pound  cornmeal  and  one-half 
pound  ground  rye.  Rye  makes  a  much 
better  feed  for  horses  than  it  does  for 
cows,  so  I  would  not  recommend  it  as 
an  important  part  of  the  above  ration. 
In  feeding  rye  to  horses  it  is  well  to  use 
it  for  not  over  25  to  30  per  cent  of  the 
ration.  c.  s.  g. 

A  Maine  Milk  Ration. 

At  the  prices  quoted  below  what  would 
he  the  cheapest  balanced  ration  that  I  could 
feed  for  milk  production  with  20  pounds 
fine  mixed  hay  (no  clover)  and  30  pounds 
silage?  At  present  we  are  feeding  a  mix¬ 
ture  of  200  pounds  bran,  200  pounds  corn- 
meal,  100  pounds  oil  meal,  50  pounds  cot- 
ton-seed,  feeding  one  pound  grain  to  3% 
pounds  milk.  What  improvement  or  change 
would  you  advise  making?  Cornmeal  per 
100,  SI. 20;  I iran,  $1.45;  cotton-seed,  $1.70; 
oil  meal,  $1.80;  gluten,  $1.45;  stock  feed, 
$1.35;  middlings,  $1.60;  mixed  feed,  $1.50. 

W.  H.  B. 

Maine. 

From  the  feeding  stuffs  named  and 
prices  given  I  would  recommend  the 
following  balanced  ration  as  the  most 
economical  and  practical  to  feed  for 


milk  production : 

Digestible 

Dry 

Pro- 

Ca  rbs 

Feeding  stuff. 

Matter 

tein. 

and  Fat. 

20  lbs.  mixed  hay.. 

17.42 

.844 

9.25 

30  llis.  silage  . 

0.30 

.27 

3.87 

6  lhs.  wheat  bran.. 
3  lbs.  cotton-seed 

5.28 

.732 

2.718 

meal  . 

2.70 

1.110 

1.332 

1  lb.  gluten  feed.. 

.90 

.232 

.699 

Nutritive  ratio  1 

32.06 

:5.6. 

3.194 

•  17.869 

If  your  cows  will  eat  20  pounds  of 
hay  and  30  pounds  of  silage  they  must 
be  large  cows  and  capable  of  large  pro¬ 
duction  of  milk.  As  this  roughage  is 
largely  composed  of  carbohydrates,  it  is 
necessary  to  supply  a  large  amount  of 
protein  in  the  grain  ration,  which  ac¬ 
counts  for  the  selections  made. 

C.  S.  G. 

Cow  Ration;  Horse  Out  of  Condition. 

1.  Is  tli is  feed  all  right  for  milch  cows 
iu  good  flow?  Bran,  four  quarts;  gluten, 
three  quarts ;  cotton-seed  meal,  one  pint, 
or  can  I  improve  without  much  more 
expense?  2.  I  have  a  roan  horse  10  years 
old,  weight  iu  good  condition  about  1,125. 
He  has  become  thin,  and  coat  is  dry  and 
coarse ;  in  good  spirits  and  eats  well.  lie  has 
liad  very  little  grain  ail  Winter,  hut  best  of 
hay  and  just  enough  exercise  to  help  di¬ 
gest  it.  I  feed  oats  or  oats  and  shorts 
entirely  as  grain,  but  no  corn,  as  I  do  not 
believe  in  corn  for  horses.  Is  nux  vomica 
a  good  tonic?  p.  e.  r. 

Khode  Island. 

1.  From  the  measurements  given  I 
judge  that  you  are  feeding  your  cows 
2.2  pounds  wheat  bran,  4  pounds 
gluten  feed  and  eight-tenths  of  a  pound 
of  cotton-seed  meal.  This  makes  a  very 
heavy  ration,  as  it  does  not  contain 
enough  coarse  material  to  make  it  the 
proper  consistency  for  best  results  in 
feeding.  1  would  advise  increasing  the 
amount  -of  bran  and  decreasing  the 
amount  of  gluten  to  overcome  this  de¬ 
fect.  You  could  safely  feed  equal  parts 
of  gluten  and  cotton-seed  meal,  the 
amount  depending  upon  the  cows  you 
are  feeding  and  the  roughage  used. 
While  this  ration  would  cost  practically 
the  same  as  the  one  you  are  using,  it 
would  be  much  safer  and  more  satisfac¬ 
tory  taking  everything  into  considera¬ 
tion. 

•2.  Your  horse  is  simply  out  of  con¬ 


dition  and  needs*  some  good  laxative 
feed  to  put  him  in  shape  for  working. 
Do  not  try  to  do  it  with  nux  vomica, 
as  that  should  only  be  given  according 
to  a  doctor’s  advdee.  I  would  suggest 
that  you  feed  a  good  warm  bran  mash 
at  least  twice  a  week,  and  mix  a  very 
little  fine-cut  hay  with  the  oats  you  are 
feeding  three  times  a  day.  Increase  the 
amount  of  oats  until  you  are  feeding 
him  enough  to  start  him  gaining  nicely. 
It  he  is  constipated  mix  about  four 
ounces  of  salts  with  the  bran  mash  each  1 
time  you  feed  it,  or  you  could  mix  a 
little  oil  meal  with  the  oats  every  day 
until  regulated  properly.  One  feed  a 
day  of  some  of  the  prepared  horse  feeds 
on  the  market  composed  of  Alfalfa, 
cracked  corn,  oats  and  molasses  would 
aid  materially  in  getting  him  in  good 
condition.  Good  feed  is  much  better  than 
medicine  for  this  purpose.  c.  s.  G. 

A  Balanced  Milk  Ration. 

I  have  been  very  much  interested  in 
your  milk  rations,  but  do  not  And  just 
what  I  need.  I  have  plenty  of  corn  silage 
with  the  corn  left  on  the  stalk,  and  good 
mixed  hay.  For  grain  I  have  Canada  peas 
and  oats,  hoine-grown,  and  can  buy  almost 
all  the  common  mill  feeds  close  at  home. 
Can  you  advise  me?  I  would  like  to  use 
about  one-third  or  one-half  of  the  home¬ 
grown  grain.  Cows  are  coming  fresh  soon. 

New  York.  m.  J.  s. 

If  you  will  try  the  following  balanced 
ration  I  am  sufe  you  will  get  a  good 
flow  of  milk: 

Digestible 

Dry  Pro-  Carbs 

Feeding  stuff.  Matter,  tein.  and  Fat. 


40 

lbs. 

silage  . 

.30 

5.10 

10 

lbs. 

mixed  bay . 

.  .8.71 

.422 

4.025 

2 

lbs. 

ground  peas.  .  .  . 

.  .1.8 

.330 

1 .008 

3 

lbs. 

ground  oats.... 

.  .2.07 

.270 

1.704 

2 

lbs. 

cotton-seed  meal 

.  ..1.84 

.744 

.888 

2 

lbs.  dry  d  i  s  t  i  11  e  r  s’ 
grains  . 1.S4 

.490 

1.104 

Nutritive  ratio  1 :5. 

25.20 

5. 

2.034 

14.549 

Of  course  you  understand  that  the 
amounts  given  are  only  approximate, 
and  may  be  changed  to  suit  changing 
conditions.  If  your  cows  are  very  large 
no  doubt  they  will  eat  more  feed  than 
is  called  for  in  the  above  ration  after 
they  have  been  fresh  a  short  time,  hut 
before  that  time  you  should  feed  very 
carefully,  using  only  wheat  bran  and 
ground  oats  in  small  quantities.  In 
practice  I  have  found  it  convenient  to 
feed  the  silage  in  two  feeds  just  after 
each  milking  and  all  the  hay  that  will 
be  eaten  up  clean  at  noon.  The  grain 
ration  is  also  divided  into  two  feeds  a 
day  and  is  fed  immediately  after  the 
silage.  c.  s.  G. 

A  Well  Balanced  Ration. 

I  am  feeding  at  present  the  following 
feeds  mixi  1  in  this  manner;  300  pounds 
gluten  meal,  200  pounds  wheat  bran,  150 
pounds  beet  pulp,  1 00  pounds  wheat  mid¬ 
dlings,  30  pounds  oil  meal,  30  pounds  cot¬ 
ton-seed  meal,  100  pounds  screened  oats; 
also  about  30  pounds  silage,  eight  to  10 
pounds  Alfalfa  hay  and  15  pounds  rutabaga 
turnips.  How  near  does  this  come  to  a 
balanced  ration,  say  1  :5  to  1  :6?  If  not,  how 
would  you  arrange  with  the  following  foods? 
I  think  this  quite  strong  in  protein  for 
cows  weighing  around  1,000  pounds,  but 
wish  to  get  as  much  milk  as  possible  ;  cows 
making  from  18  to  30  pounds  of  milk  per 
day.  I  would  not  like  to  feed  more  cot¬ 
ton-seed  than  given  in  this  mixture.  We 
also  have  some  bright  oat  hay,  which  was 
cut  in  fairly  good  state  of  heading,  which 
we  feed  outside  on  clear  days  in  racks  and 
paddocks.  k.  a. 

New  York. 

The  ration  which  you  are  feeding  at 
the  present  time  analyzes  as  follows, 
provided  you  are  feeding  each  cow  the 
amounts  assumed : 

Digestible 


Dry 

Pro- 

Carbs 

Feeding  stuff. 

Matter. 

tein. 

and  Fat. 

30  lbs.  silage . 

0.30 

.27 

3.83 

8  lbs.  Alfalfa . 

7.36 

.88 

3.384 

1 5  lbs.  turnips . 

1.5 

.15 

1.155 

3  lbs.  gluten  feed.. 

2.7 

.090 

2.079 

2  lbs.  wheat  bran . . 

1.76 

.244 

.900 

1.5  beet  pulp  (dried) 
1  lb.  wheat  mid- 

1.40 

.102 

.981 

dlings  . 

.88 

.128 

.607 

3  lbs.  oil  meal.... 
3  lbs.  cotton-seed 

.273 

.0879 

.1455 

meal  . 

.270 

.1110 

.1332 

1  lb.  ground  oats.. 

.89 

.092 

.568 

23.339 

2.7015 

13.8287 

Nutritive  ratio  1  :5. 

You  will  see  that  this  is  a  well-bal¬ 
anced  narrow  ration,  containing  all  the 
ingredients  for  the  production  of  milk  in 
paying  quantities.  C.  S.  G. 


“When  a  man  dies,  is  an  inquest  al¬ 
ways  held?”  “Oh,  no.  If  a  doctor  has 
been  in  attendance  the  coroner  is  not 
supposed  to  have  to  inquire  into  the 
cause  of  the  death.” — Toledo  Blade. 


Are  You  Getting  Your  Share  ? 

Upon  the  proper  selec¬ 
tion  of  your  ration  de¬ 
pends  the  profit  you  make 
on  your  dairy.  It  is  a  vital 
question ;  every  day  it's  up 
to  you  and  any  day  you 
can  make  a  change  for  the 
better.  Why  not  do  it 
now  ?  You  know  that  to 
get  the  most  milk  from 
your  cows  you  must  feed  a 
sufficient  amount  of  pro¬ 
tein  ;  but  do  you  realize 
that  the  protein  must  be 
available  and  digestible 
before  it  is  turned  into  milk. 
The  solution  of  the  prob¬ 
lem  is  to  provide  succu¬ 
lence.  Some  dairymen  do 
it  with  roots  (which  are 
expensive  and  inconveni¬ 
ent),  others  with  silage; 
but  the  progressive  dairyman  feeds  Dried  Beet  Pulp. 

Moistened  Dried  Beet  Pulp  swells  to  four  or  five  times  its 
original  bulk  and  looks  like  sliced  beets,  and  as  far  as  the  cow  is 
concerned  it  is  sliced  beets,  because  the  sugar  which  has  been  ex¬ 
tracted  is  a  pure  carbohydrate,  and  is  of  no  more  value  for  milk 
making  than  the  carbohydrates  that  remain  in  the  pulp.  In  fact, 
Dried  Beet  Pulp  is  a  safer  and  better  feed  than  beets,  because  it 
does  not  affect  the  taste  of  the  milk. 

Dried  Beet  Pulp  Far  Superior 


To  Corn  Silage 


The  need  for  silos  is  now  past.  A  pound  of  dry  matter  in  Dried 
Beet  Pulp  costs  very  little  more  than  a  pound  of  dr  .,atter  in  silage 
(if  any  dairyman  ever  knows  what  his  silage  reaiiy  costs)  and  the 
greater  milk  production  from  Dried  Beet  Pulp  pays  for  the  increased 
cost  many  times  over. 

Dried  Beet  Pulp  has  approximately  the  same  nutritive  value  as 
com,  oats,  oi  any  of  the  other  grains,  and  it  has  the  wonderful 
advantage  of  being  bulky  and  succulent  as  well. 

This  is  an  age  of  advancement;  the  man  who  is  ready  to  test 
out  a  new  idea  is  the  man  who  climbs.  The  “balanced  ration”  1  as 
been  the  savior  of  the  dairy  business.  The  “succulent  balanced 
ration  is  a  further  and  long  step  in  advance.  The  usual  experience 
of  our  customers  when  they  use  Dried  Beet  Pulp  is  an  increase  of 

10^  More  Milk 

If  you  have  not  already  tested  Dried  Beet  Pulp,  we  make  it 
easy  for  you  to  try  it.  Where  a  local  dealer  sells  Dried  Beet  Pulp 
all  you  need  to  do  is  to  get  a  sack,  mix  from  three  to  five  pounds 
in  any  properly  balanced  ration,  cutting  out  an  equivalent  amount  of 
grain  or  roughage,  and  if  by  the  time  the  sackful  is  used  up  the  re¬ 
sults  are  not  satisfactory  you  can  go  to  the  dealer  and  get  your 
money  back.  Every  dealer  has  cur  authority  to  sell  you  a  sack  on 
this  guarantee. 

If  no  dealer  is  near  you,  we  will  be  glad  to  make  a  direct 
shipment  on  the  same  guarantee.  Use  one  sackful,  and  if  not 
satisfied  report  to  us.  We  will  return  the  entire  purchase  price  and 
take  back  the  unused  sacks. 

Why  hesitate  about  making  the  test  ?  Dried  Beet  Pulp 
is  endorsed  by  no  less  an  authority  than  Secretary  of  Agricul¬ 
ture  James  Wilson,  who  has  written  us:  “I  would  rather  / 
have  a  pound  of  of  Dried  Beet  Pulp  to  feed  to  a  dairy 
cow  than  a  pound  of  corn.”  The  various  agricultural  /  informa. 
papers  that  accept  our  advertisements  which  you  /  tioncolpon 
nave  seen  so  often  will  vouch  for  our  responsibility.  /  Minin-  co. 
You  take  no  chances.  If  our  claims  are  good  /  Detroit,  Mich, 

you  will  get  a  handsome  increase  in  vour  net  /  ,My  dcalcr  does  not  ha,,dlc 

.  ..  J  y  Dried  Beet  Pulp  but  Pm  in- 

earmngs  ;  It  our  claims  are  not  good,  we  /  terested  in  your  claims,  and  I 
lose,  not  you.  Use  the  coupon.  .  /  wish  you  would  Eiws  me  the  exact 

7  J  cost  of  Dried  Beet  Pulp  delivered  to 

my  station.  Also  send  me  a  copy  of  your 

THE  LARR0WE  MILLING  L"‘"  P'°“*  ” 

COMPANY  X  My  dealer’s  name  ii . .  . 

A  His  address  is.................... . 

610  Ford  Building 

My  name  is . . . . 

DETROIT,  MICH.  Town . . . . State . 

/  Railroad  Station . 


480 


THE  KUKAb  NEW-YORKER 


April  8, 


THAT  HEN  CONTEST. 


As  stated  on  page  374  Mr.  W.  J. 
Dougan,  of  New  Jersey,  selected  10 
White  Wyandotte  hens  and  10  White 
Leghorn  hens  for  a  year’s  test.  He 
is  to  feed  those  hens  and  care  for 
them  in  any  way  he  likes,  sell  the  eggs 
for  food  or  incubate  them  as  he  sees 
fit,  and  make  fair  reports  of  the  number 
of  eggs  laid  and  the  money  received  for 
them.  Regarding  the  stock  selected, 
Mr.  Dougan  says : 

As  I  told  you  before,  these  arc  all  old 
Btock,  some  over  three  years,  others  ap¬ 
proaching  three.  I  think  them  nearly  like 
what  anyone  entering  the  poultry  business 
would  be  most  liable  to  purchase  for  a  start. 

The  first  report  follows.  This  covers 
the  record  of  the  hens  and  the  food  put 
into  their  hoppers  for  the  first  two 
weeks  in  March.  We  invite  the  most 
searching  criticism  of  the  experiment 
and  everything  connected  with  it.  All 
we  want  is  to  get  at  the  possibilities  of 
a  flock  of  hens  : 


Record  of  Ten  Wyandottes. 

REPORT  NO.  1. 


I  herewith  submit  report  of  10  W  lute 
Wyandotte  hens  with  two  roosters  to  cover 
from  March  1  to  1.5  inclusive.  They  have 
consumed  or  have  left  in  hoppers : 


Lbs. 

16  cracked  corn  at . 

1.5  wheat  screenings  at.  . 
13  mixed  feed,  cooked  at 

11  beef  scraps  at . 

9  grit  at . 

7  oyster  shells  at . 

4  bran  at  . . . . 

3%  oats,  per  bag,  at... 

Total  . 


Per  100 


.20 

.  1.55 

.23 

.  1.55 

.20 

.  2.83 

.31 

.  .70 

.06 

.  .70 

.05 

.06 

.  1.10 

.06 

.1.17 

Laid  51  eggs.  Sold  G  which  were  too 
light  bodied  to  set.  45  cents  per  dozen. 
Set  39  and  tested  out  two. 


Record  of  Ten  Leghorns. 

Here  is  report  of  10  White  Leghorn  hens 
with  two  roosters,  to  cover  from  March  1 
to  15  inclusive.  They  have  consumed  : 


Lbs. 

15  cracked  corn  at . 

13  wheat  screenings  at.. 

7  beef  scraps  at . 

6%  mixed  cooked  feed  at 

3  oats,  per  bag  at . 

3  bran  at  . 

3  grit  at  . 

3  oyster  shells  at . 

Total  . 


For  100 

.19 

.  1.55 

.20 

.  2.85 

.20 

.  1.55 

.10 

.  1.10 

.05 

.05 

.  .70 

.02 

.02 

Laid  47  eggs.  Five  sold  at  4.5  cents  per 
dozen,  being  too  light  to  set.  31  eggs  set 
in  incubator,  three  tested  out.  Some  of 
the  food  is  still  in  hoppers,  w.  .).  dolt; an. 


Some  Hen  Figures  Analyzed. 

I  am  very  glad  to  see  The  It.  N.-Y.  ask 
for  criticism  on  statement  of  Gori  &  Son, 
page  381,  and  trust  you  will  get  lots  of  it. 
When  you  published  figures  of  Mr.  Dougan 
($9  per  hen)  some  time  ago,  we  thought 
you  were  going  some,  but  Gori  &  Soil's 
claim  was  doing  much  better,  and  next 
week  we  expected  to  read  of  some  one  hav¬ 
ing  hens  laying  220  golden  eggs  a  year  and 
selling  them  by  weight  at  full  market  value 
of  .$20  per  ounce.  Messrs.  Dougan  and 
Gori  are  wasting  their  time  with  a  few 
hens  in  the  backwoods.  Invite  them  out 
into  the  limelight.  There  are  lots  of  cor¬ 
porations  with  stocks  for  sale  to  the  public 
who  would  pay  handsome  salaries  for  ac¬ 
countants  who  could  make  such  tine  show¬ 
ings.  These  gentlemen's  statements  re¬ 
mind  us  very  much  of  many  of  the  re¬ 
ligious  hobbies  of  to-day;  they  contain 
much  truth  and  the  error  is  consequently 
not  so  easily  found.  The  two  little  words 
“per  hen”  is  the  error  in  Dougan's  and 
Gori's  statements — leave  them  out  and  the 
net  income  given  by  Gori  &  Son's  of  $141.07 
for  the  year  is  correct,  but  of  this  amount 
a  large  part  was  earned  by  the  “210 
raised.”  These  men  have  increased  their 
capital,  but  in  figuring  the  percentage  or 
rather  the  perhenage  of  profit,  do  so  on 
the  old  capital,  overlooking  the  new  en¬ 
tirely.  The  hen's  product  is  the  egg,  and 
whether  you  choose  to  eat,  sell  or  hatch  the 
egg  is  no  concern  of  the  hen,  and  she  is  en¬ 
titled  to  credit  for  nothing  more  than  the 
value  of  the  egg.  When  you  decide  to 
hatch  her  eggs,  the  first  cost  of  the  new 
birds  is  the  price  or  value  of  the  eggs,  and 
all  expenses  of  hatching  and  feeding  from 
that  time  on  is  properly  chargeable  to  them, 
and  the  income  to  their  credit  likewise.  It 
would  have  been  just  as  reasonable  for 
Messrs.  Gori  to  have  carried  the  figures  on 
for  five  or  more  years  as  for  the  one  year 
given,  giving  the  expenses  and  income  of 
the  posterity  of  the  original  11 %  breeders 
and  the  105  pullets  and  their  posterity,  and 
their  posterity’s  posterity  to  the  end  of  say 
five  years  ;  then  divide  the  total  net  credit 
by  five  to  get  the  annual  profit,  and  annual 
profit  by  11%  for  the  “per  hen  unit" 
profit.  These  original  11%  hens  might 
then  retire  on  their  laurels  on  such  a  mag¬ 
nificent  world’s  record.  Analyzing  Gori's 


statement  we  find  the  account  of  the  11% 
breeders  to  be  as  follows : 

Dr. 

Feed,  etc . $17.7o 

Interest  on  value  of  breeders . 90 

Interest  on  breeders  share  of  plant, 

say  . G° 


Cr. 

Eggs  . 

Manure,  say  . 

Eggs  used  in  house. . . 


$18.70 

$35.75 

1.20 


$36.94 

Net  credit  of  $18.24,  or  $1.59  per  hen 
unit.  WM.  GIBSON. 

New  York.  _ _ 


A  HEN  MAN  COME  TO  JUDGMENT. 

March  13,  1910,  I  purchased  12  hens  and 
one  cock,  pure  stock,  White  Wyandottes, 
paying  a  fairly  good  price  for  the  pen. 
They  were  pretty  good  layers ;  130  eggs  in 
the  remaining  19  days  in  March  and  240 
eggs  in  the  month  of  April.  Using  eggs 
from  this  pen  of  birds  entirely,  we  had 
three  incubator  hatchings  on  the  follow¬ 
ing  dates:  April  18,  May  14,  and  June  8. 
With  brooders,  we  raised  from  these  three 
hatches,  in  all  a  total  of  150  birds,  prac¬ 
tically  half  of  which  were  pullets.  The 
cockerels,  when  reaching  a  weight  of  4% 
pounds,  were  sold  dressed,  at  18  cents  a 
pound  to  private  trade  in  Toledo.  I  was 
well  satisfied  with  this  end  of  the  busi¬ 
ness,  but  the  other  end,  the  egg  end,  has 
been  a  failure.  , 

The  pullets,  65  in  number,  have  had  free 
range  since  they  were  old  enough  to  run, 
and  were  housed  at  night  in  three  separate 
houses,  were  well  fed  and  grew  rapidly. 
The  latter  part  of  October  I  put  them  in 
what  at  that  time  I  was  pleased  to  call 
my  laying  house.  (I  have  since  discarded 
the  name.)  This  building  is  20  feet  long, 
and  16  feet  deep,  six  feet  high  in  front  and 
five  feet  high  at  the  rear ;  the  walls  and 
roof  are  all  double  boarded  with  two-inch 
air  space  between.  The  floor  is  heavy 
planking  18  inches  above  the  surface  of 
the  ground,  and  is  covered  with  six  inches 
of  clean  dry  sandy  soil.  On  top  of  this  is 
six  inches  ‘of  dry,  clean  corn  husk  litter 
for  scratching  material.  Large  open  win¬ 
dows  in  the  front  of  the  building,  facing 
the  south ;  these  windows  are  closed  at 
night  with  muslin  curtains  if  it  be  cold  or 
windy,  and  are  open  all  the  day  unless  it 
be  exceptionally  raw  or  windy.  Droppings 
boards  and  roost  extend  clear  across  the 
back  of  the  building;  the  droppings  boards 
are  at  least  two  and  one-halt  feet  above 
the  litter,  thus  making  the  entire  floor 
available  for  scratching  purposes.  Muslin 
curtains  are  let  down  in  front  of  roosts 
on  real  cold  nights.  Every  effort  is  made 
to  keep  the  birds  warm  and  comfortable, 
and  they  are  comfortable ;  the  air  at  all 
times  in  the  building  is  pure  and  dry  and 
the  walls  are  never  moist  or  frosty.  Drop¬ 
pings  boards  are  cleaned  twjce  a  week  and 
kept  dusted,  and  there  is  no  vermin  of 
any  kind  on  the  birds  or  about  the  build¬ 
ing.  So  much  for  the  comfort  of  the  birds 
and  the  sanitary  conditions.  So  far  I  feel 
that  I  am  nearly  all  right.  Now  the  ques¬ 
tion  is,  do  I  feed  them  enough  and  are 
their  rations  properly  balanced  7 

In  the  morning  they  are  fed  four  pounds 
of  whole  oats  among  the  litter;  this  keeps 
them  busy  till  about  nine  o'clock,  when 
they  are  fed  in  hoppers  a  mash  composed 
of  four  pound*  of  ground  vegetables,  beets, 
turnips,  carrots,  potatoes,  cabbage,  par¬ 
snips  and  table  scraps  in  equal  parts ; 
added  to  this  and  thoroughly  mixed  are 
two  pounds  of  wheat  bran  and  two  pounds 
of  wheat  middlings,  a  handful  of  ground 
charcoal  and  a  like  amount  of  “egg  tonic.” 
At  noon  they  are  fed  four  pounds  of  whole 
wheat  and  one  pound  of  either  barley  or 
rye.  This  is  thoroughly  mixed  with  two 
pounds  of  fresh  green  ground  bones,  and 
the  whole  is  fed  to  them  in  the  litter.  This 
keeps  them  busy  till  about  four  o’clock 
when  they  are  fed  five  pounds  of  either 
whole  or  cracked  corn,  this  also  is  fed  to 
them  in  the  litter.  They  are  always  busy 
and  always  seemingly  ready  for  their  meals 
with  healthy  appetites.  If  it  be  a  cold 
day  their  food  is  always  thoroughly  warmed 
before  fed  to  them;  warm  water  is  sup¬ 
plied  fresh  both  morning  and  night  and  m 
more  than  sufficient  quantities.  Grit,  shell 
and  charcoal  are  always  kept  before  them 
in  hoppers.  Two  large  lattice  hoppers  are 
always  kept  filled  with  dry  clover,  which 
was  cut  last  Fall,  and  these  are  filled  as 
fast  as  they  are  emptied,  which  is  two 
and  three  times  a  week.  Whenever  the 
weather  will  permit  the  birds  are  given 
access  to  a  run  which  is  about  75  feet  long 
and  30  feet  wide.  Last  August  this  run 
was  sown  to  rye,  which  grew  very  rapidly 
and  thick ;  it  is  now  about  three  inches 
high  and  gives  them  an  excellent  supply 
of  fresh  green  stuff,  and  they  eat  plenty  of 
it.  When  the  weather  does  not  permit 
them  the  use  of  this  run  they  are  fed 
sprouted  oats,  green  rye,  cabbage  and  let¬ 
tuce  in  large  quantities.  There  is  their 
daily  menu;  what  is  wrong?  The  reason 
that  I  have  asked  you,  “Do  we  feed  them 
enough  and  are  these  rations  properly  bal¬ 
anced?”  is  this.  This  bunch  of  husky, 
healthy,  cackling,  scratching,  well  built 
and  rosy  red-combed,  seemingly  happy  and 
well  contented  pullets  do  not  lay  enough 
eggs  in  one  day  to  make  a  decent  sized 
dish  of  scrambled  eggs.  Here  is  their 
record.  Behold ! 

First  egg  laid  December  11,  1910,  two 
months  behind  time.  Total  number  of  eggs 
laid  in  December,  6;  total  in  January, 
75 ;  total  in  February,  up  till  present  date, 
February  17,  107. 

Can  you  or  some  of  your  nine-dollar  hen 
men  tell  me  what  is  wrong  besides  myself 
and  the  pullets? 

Ohio.  R.  C.  FREEMAN. 


We  Can  Save  You  $50.00 
on  the  Average  Size  Roof 


A  Few  Quotations  From  the  Bargains 
in  Our  Latest  Roofing  Catalog: 
Tarred  Felt  Roofing.  Best  quality. 
108  square  feet.  85-cent  value.  PA  . 

Per  roll .  OUC 

Rubber  Asphalt  Roofing.  The  ordinary 


108  square  feet.  81.25 
Wt.,  34  lbs.  Per  roll.. 


kind, 
value. 

Flint  Coated  Rubber 

square  feet.  $1.65 
Weight,  50  lbs.  Per  roll. 

Corrugated  Steel  Roofing.  28-gauge. 
Heavy,  painted  red.  100 
square  feet.  82.50  value. . 
Be8t-of-all  Roofing.  3J^-ply.  108 
square  feet.  83-50  value. 

Weight,  60  lbs.  Per  roll. 


79c 

Roofing.  108 

value.  gjj, 

^w-gauge. 

$1.85 

>ly.  108 

e:  $1.80 


Every  Price  in  This  Catalog  is  25  to  50 
Per  Cent  Below  Regular  Retail  Prices. 


If  you  want 
any  kind  of 
roofing,  it  is 
to  your  in¬ 
terests  to 
wr  ite  for  a 
copy  of  this 
free  Roof¬ 
ing  Catalog 
and  our 
e  o  m  p  1  o  t  e 
layout  of 
samples  be¬ 
fore  placing 
your  order. 
We  quote 

Ml  reduced  prices  which  in  many  lines  are 
yen  lower  than  our  prices  for  1910.  feimply 
rrite  and  say:  “Send  ine  your  free  Roofing 
atalog  No.  66R51  and  complete  set  ol'  sarn¬ 
ies”  and  they  will  be  mailed  at  once  free 


SEARS.R0EBUCK 


AND  CCS 

CHICAGO 


Get  Bigger  Crops 
Using  The  New 


Has  dollar  value  stamped  on  every  part.  Many  new 
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New  Farquhar  is  an  easy  first.  32  inch  diameter  steel 
wheels  make  draft  light  —  save  horseflesh.  Easily 
reachable  levers,  coutrol  width  and  depth  of  shovel 
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Get  catalogue  quickly — write  to-day. 


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LIGHTNING 


Send  for  fine,  free  book,  all  about  lightning  and  the 
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When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

“FOR  DAIRY  COWS” 

An  Easy  Way  to  Compound 
a  Properly  Balanced 
Ration. 


A  good,  substantial  foundation  for  a 
properly  balanced  ration  can  be  ob¬ 
tained  from  a  combination  of  4  lbs. 
Dried  Beet  Pulp  (preferably  moistened 
for  several  hours  before  using)  with  2 
lbs.  41%  Cotton-seed  meal,  or  in  place 
of  the  Cotton-seed  meal  use  3  lbs.  gluten 
feed,  3  )4  to  4  lbs.  Distillers’  Dried 
Grains  or  3)4  to  4  lbs.  Dried  Brewers’ 
Grains.  Add  to  this  combination  any 
grain  that  is  available  to  you— corn, 
oats,  buckwheat,  barley,  middlings  or 
bran — and  you  will  have  a  ration  which 
will  closely  approximate  the  Standard. 
If  wheat  bran  or  wheat  middlings  are 
used,  3)4  lbs.  of  Dried  Distillers’  Grains 
or  Dried  Brewers’  Grains  should  be 
ample,  but  with  corn,  oats,  buckwheat 
or  barley,  use  4lbs.  This  recommenda¬ 
tion  assumes  that  your  roughage  is 
equivalent  in  feeding  value  to  18  lbs.  of 
mixed  bay.  If  the  roughage  is  poor,  it 
may  be  necessary  to  slightly  increase 
the  protein  feed  by  using  a  little  more 
Cotton-seed  meal,  gluten  feed,  Distillers’ 
Dried  Grains  or  Brewers’  Dried  Grains. 

Dried  Beet  pulp  can  be  obtained  from 
local  feed  dealers  generally  or  from 
THE  LARROWE  MILLING  CO., 
1507  Ford  Bldg.,  Detroit,  Mich. 


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es  and  Swellings,  Lameness,  and  Allays 
Pain  Quickly  without  Blistering,  removing 
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to  use.  $2.00  per  bottle  at  dealers  or  de¬ 
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1911. 


481 


The  Henyard. 


COSGROVE  ON  HEN  FEEDING. 

I  have  75  Barred  Rock  hens  and  45  pul¬ 
lets  (April  and  May  hatch)  and  while  they 
laid  a  few  eggs  in  the  Fall  and  a  few  all 
Winter  (from  six  to  15  per  day)  I  think 
1  should  be  getting  more  eggs  now.  My 
coop  is  1Gx32  feet,  5%  feet  high  in  back 
and  nine  feet  in  front ;  board  floor  with 
air  space  of  from  one  to  four  feet  built  on 
a  slope ;  plenty  of  light,  clean  and  free 
from  vermin.  I  feed  two  quarts  oats  aud 
two  quarts  wheat  in  litter  in  morning,  two 
quarts  at  noon,  three  quarts  corn  and  one 
quart  buckwheat  at  night,  all  the  mangels 
they  want  to  eat,  and  up  to  a  month  ago 
I  ground  green  bone  for  them,  but  quit 
because  I  cannot  get  the  bone,  even  though 
I  paid  one  cent  per  pound.  They  have 
grit,  oyster  shell,  charcoal  and  burnt  dry 
bone,  and  clean  water  twice  a  day.  Use  oat 
and  wheat  straw  for  litter  and  change  it 
once  a  month.  I  wish  some  one  would  tell 
me  just  how  he  would  feed  these  chickens. 

Linden,  Pa.  G.  G.  l. 

G.  G.  L.  starts  off  with  a  morning 
feed  of  two  quarts  wheat  and  two  quarts 
oats  for  his  120  hens.  That  is  just  about 
right  when  fed  in  deep  litter  to  keep 
them  busy  until  noon ;  then  instead  of 
the  two  quarts  oats  which  he  feeds  at 
noon  I  should  open  some  hoppers  con¬ 
taining  a  dry  mash,  and  let  the  hens 
help  themselves.  A  good  dry  mash  can 
be  made  in  many  different  ways.  I 
would  suggest  this :  Eight  parts  wheat 
bran,  three  parts  wheat  middlings,  four 
parts  ground  Alfalfa,  three  parts  corn- 
meal,  five  parts  beef  scraps.  At  present 
he  is  not  feeding  any  meat  and  he  does 
not  state  how  much  meat  he  fed  when 
he  could  get  the  green  bone.  He  feeds 
corn  and  buckwheat  at  night ;  these  are 
both  very  fattening  foods.  I  would  sug¬ 
gest  equal  parts  of  corn,  barley  and 
wheat  for  the  last  meal.  Hens  will  not 
overeat  of  the  dry  mash,  because  they 
cannot  furnish  saliva  enough  to  moisten 
but  a  few  mouthfuls  at  a  time.  If  he 
can  get  clover  hay  it  would  be  well  to 
throw  a  pitchforkful  into  the  litter, 
long  hay  just  as  he  would  feed  it  to  his 
cows.  He  will  be  surprised  to  find  how 
quickly  most  of  it  will  disappear.  Hens 
seldom  have  enough  bulky  food  in  Win¬ 
ter.  The  grain  is  too  concentrated  food, 
and  is  the  cause  of  diseased  livers,  over- 
fat  condition,  and  much  of  the  mortality 
Of  OUr  flocks.  GEO.  A.  COSGROVE. 


DISINFECTING  AFTER  ROUP  OR 
CHOLERA. 

My  opinion  is  that  after  roup  a  thorough 
disinfecting  of  drinking  dishes  and  troughs 
for  feed  with  some  of  the  coal  tar  prepa¬ 
rations  is  necessary,  also  to  whitewash  the 
house  with  a  percentage  of  the  same  prepa¬ 
ration,  but  the  best  cure  is  fresh  air.  Don't 
let  the  houses  sweat ;  open  them  even  in 
cold  weather  enough  daytimes  to  keep  them 
dry.  If  you  begin  this  way  in  the  Fall, 
opening  every  day,  the  fowls  become  hard¬ 
ened  to  it,  but  you  cannot  open  one  day 
and  shut  the  next  without  trouble.  As  to 
the  yards,  one  should  sprinkle  slaked  lime  and 
plow  ;  grow  a  crop  if  you  can  ;  better  still, 
move  the  yard.  I  do  not  think  this  so 
necessary  with  roup  as  cholera.  As  to  chol¬ 
era  in  the  henhouse  give  a  thorough  clean¬ 
ing  up,  whitewashing  as  before  stated,  or 
spraying  with  some  coal  tar  disinfectant 
and  about  the  same  treatment  for  yards. 

1  have  a  recent  bulletin  from  Kingston 
Experiment  Station,  R.  I.,  on  cholera ; 
don’t  recall  the  number  [Bulletin  144,  Eds.]. 
It  will  give  you  facts  and  methods  in  detail. 
As  a  preventive  of  blackhead  in  hens,  which 
we  think  resembles  cholera  in  some  respects, 
a  thorough  cleaning  out  of  intestinal  tract 
with  Epsom  salts  in  a  mash  at  night  about 
teaspoonful  to  10  hens;  repeat  once,  skip 
two  or  three  days  and  repeat  two  nights ; 
this  as  a  preventive.  Bulletin  141,  Rhode 
Island  Station,  entitled  "Blackhead  in  Tur¬ 
keys,”  will  give  you  valuable  information. 

Massachusetts.  ralph  g.  davis. 

The  best  method  of  disinfecting  poultry 
houses  in  which  diseased  fowls  have  been, 
is  to  clean  up  the  floor  as  well  as  the  roosts, 
nests,  etc.  If  there  is  any  crust  from  the 
droppings  anywhere  in  the  house  It  should 
be  soaked  with  water,  and  scraped  off,  in 
fact  a  good  idea  would  be  to  wash  out  the 
floor,  roosts,  eta  After  doing  this  the 
house  should  be  well  disinfected  with  a 
good  germicide  in  a  powder  form.  The  bot¬ 
tom  of  the  roosts  and  crevices  at  different 
places  should  be  painted  with  crude  carbolic 
acid.  A  litter  of  good  clean  straw  should 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


then  be  put  in  the  house,  nests,  etc.  The 
troughs  and  water  vessels  should  also  be 
cleaned  up  or  washed  out  with  hot  water, 
and  by  this  time  there  would  be  no  danger 
of  any  germs  being  remaining.  Concerning 
the  yards,  I  would  simply  use  a  disinfectant 
of  some  kind  or  turn  the  soil.  I  claim 
that  there  are  very  few  germs  in  the  ground. 
Lime  is  an  excellent  thing  to  spray  around 
In  old  chicken  yards.  The  above  remedies 
apply  to  both  roup  and  cholera.  In  my 
20  years  of  experience  in  breeding  chickens, 
I  found  that  cholera  is  only  prevalent  when 
chickens  do  not  receive  the  proper  attention. 
If  kept  clean  and  given  plenty  of  fresh 
water  this  disease  will  rarely  prevail.  Roup 
in  itself  is  something  else  to  speak  of. 

Pennsylvania.  b.  h.  grinder. 

Take  fowls  out  of  house,  clean  thorough¬ 
ly  and  burn  refuse.  Close  house  up  tightly, 
and  spray  thoroughly  with  a  solution  of 
formalin  (formalin  can  be  purchased  from 
any  druggist  in  pound  bottles  ;  directions  on 
the  bottle).  Be  sure  every  crack  and 
crevice,  walls,  ceiling  and  floor  are  sprayed. 
After  a  day  whitewash  whole  interior,  using 
a  little  crude  carbolic  acid,  or  some  coal 
tar  disinfectant  in  the  whitewash.  Clean 
up  the  yards  thoroughly  and  sprinkle  lib¬ 
erally  with  dry  quicklime.  If  yard  is  large 
enough  to  cultivate  afterwards  so  much  the 
better,  riant  a  mixture  of  Red  clover  and 
rape,  with  a  few  oats,  and  harrow  or 
rake  in.  Charles  e.  bryan. 

Maryland. 

We  have  never  had  cholera  on  our  plant, 
nor  roup  in  decided  state,  and  hope  we 
never  do  have.  However,  we  would  saturate 
all  our  houses  and  yards  with  a  good  strong 
disinfectant,  also  lime  and  plow  up  several 
times  before  putting  stock  in  again.  If 
this  was  done  thoroughly,  we  think  all 
germs  would  be  destroyed.  We  lime  and 
plow  our  runs  weekly,  which  probably  pre¬ 
vents  our  having  any  sickness. 

New  York.  bonnie  brae  farm. 

We  have  not  had  any  roup  on  our  farms 
to  talk  about,  but  if  it  broke  out  in  our 
flock  we  would  do  the  following  to  stamp 
it  out :  To  disinfect  house,  we  would  take 
litter  out  of  house  and  burn  it,  then  thor¬ 
oughly  clean  out  the  house.  Make  a  barrel 
of  good  whitewash  (use  plenty  of  lime  in 
making  same)  and  put  in  same  one  quart 
of  good  disinfectant.  Spray  roosts  and  in¬ 
side  of  house.  Then  24  hours  later  we  would 
again  spray  house,  etc.  To  clean  up  a  hen- 
yard  on  an  acre  of  land  we  would  spread 
from  750  to  1,000  pounds  of  ground  lime, 
then  have  the  ground  plowed  deep,  no 
shallow  cultivation.  After  ground  has  been 
plowed,  let  it  re6t  for  a  few  days,  then  take 
a  spring-tooth  harrow  and  harrow  the 


ground  three  times,  or  until  it  is  loose.  We 
would  then  seed  the  land,  say,  two  parts 
rape,  one  part  kale,  one  part  Crimson  clover, 
one  part  Alsike  clover  and  one  part  White 
clover.  After  ground  is  covered  with  a 
good  sod,  we  would  turn  the  chickens  in 
on  same.  highland  farms. 

Maryland. 

Should  my  flock  become  affected  with 
roup  or  cholera  1  should  disinfect  my 
houses  through  the  use  of  some  liquid  and 
fume-emitting  disinfectant.  I  would  not 
clean  up  my  henyard  after  roup,  for  while 
I  may  he  entirely  wrong  and  have  no 
basis  for  my  expression  except  a  strong 
opinion  on  the  matter,  I  do  not  believe 
that  a  roup  organism  would  infect  the 
ground.  After  an  attack  of  cholera  I  would 
sprinkle  the  ground  with  lime,  plow  it  and 
again  pot  lime  on  the  new  earth.  I  have 
been  told  that  roup  has  affected  the  timber 
in  a  house,  and  other  fowls  in  time  have 
been  affected  by  the  disease.  I  believe 
that  roup  is  contagious;  that  is.  that 
healthy  fowls  may  be  infected  by  drinking 
from  the  water  crock  that  “roupy”  fowls 
drink  from,  and  further  that  they  can  be 
infected  from  contact  with  one  another 
while  on  the  roost.  However,  roup  appears 
to  me  to  be  an  acute  stage  of  cold.  In 
this  age  of  enlightenment  poultry  should 
never  be  affected  with  colds.  This  is  a 
strong  statement,  but  I  make  it  thought¬ 
fully  and  considerately.  A  fowl  has  suffi¬ 
cient  disease-resisting  force  to  withstand 
the  natural  changes  in  temperature  and 
humidity,  if  the  fowl  is  normally  healthy. 
If  this  is  true,  then  colds  are  the  result  of 
the  poultryman  disregarding  these  two  ele¬ 
ments  essential  to  animal  life,  i.  e.,  fresh 
air  and  sunshine.  Therefore  build  an  open- 
front  house  and  never  make  it  deeper  than 
its  sun  line.  Cholera  is  a  fearful  disease. 
If  it  infected  my  flock  I  would  kill  off 
evGry  bird  I  bad  and  start  over.  Cholera 
seems  to  travel  in  “waves,”  which  are  years 
apart.  Fortunately  I  have  never  had  a 
case  of  fowl  cholera,  and  I  am  glad  to  add 
that  it  is  far  from  being  a  common  disease 
at  this  time.  frank  j.  eppele. 

New  Jersey. 


Cement  Foundation  for  Henhouse. 

Can  I  with  success  build  a  foundation  for 
chicken  coop  opt  of  small  field  stones?  I 
wish  to  make  a  frame  as  for  concrete  and 
fill  in  with  stone,  and  then  pour  the  cement 
mixture  over  it.  Could  I  with  safety  ex¬ 
pect  the  cement  to  run  in  over  aud  be¬ 
tween  the  rocks  so  that  they  will  all  stick 
together  and  make  it  a  solid  foundation? 

Knife  River.  Minn.  w.  a. 

We  did  much  the  same  thing  and  have  a 
good  foundation.  You  must  make  your  ce¬ 
ment  mixture  so  it  will  run  easily  aud  be 
sure  to  dig  down  below  the  frost  line  to 
start  your  wall. 


THRIFTY 
STOCK 

PAYS 

MORE  MONEY 

GIVES 

MORE  SATISFACTION.! 

NO  STOCK  CAN  THRIVE  IF  PESTERED 
WITH  LICE, TICKS, MITES, FLEAS, 

SCAB, MANGE, AND  OTHER  SKIN 
DISEASES. 

r  TO  CLEAN  OUT  THESE 
PARASITES,  GUARD  AGAINST 
CONTAGIOUS  DISEASES, 
CLEANSE,  PURIFY,  AND 
DEODORIZE. USE 


BETTER  THAN  OTHERS, BECAUSE,  IT  IS 

STANDARDIZED, 

UNIFORM,  DEPENDABLE,  EFFICIENT.  ONE 
GALLON  OF  KRESO  DIP  NO.I  MAKES  60 
TO  100  GALLONS  OF  S0LUTI0N(DE  PEN  DING 
UPON  WHAT  USE  IS  TO  BE  MADE  OF  IT) 

A  REAL  NECESSITY  ABOUT 
H0RSESXATTLE, SHEEP, SWINE, 
DOGS,  GOATS  AND  POULTRY. 

FOR  SALE  BY  ALL  DRUGGISTS. 
WRITE  FOR  FREE  CIRCULARS.  ASK  FOR  LEAFLET 
DESCRIBING  A  NEW  CEMENT  HOG  WALLOW,  IF  YOU 
ARE  INTERESTED. 


J.  \ 


A* 


PARKE, DAVIS &C0 

w  _  DEPARTMENT  OF  ANIMAL 
INDUSTRY. 

vDETROIT,MICH 
U.S.A 


m,, 


HARVEY  BOLSTER  SPRINGS 

.Soon  save  their  cost.  Make  every  wagon  a  spring 
Vvagon,  therefore  fruit,  vegetables,  eggs,  etc., 

J  brinjr  more  money.  Ask  for  special  proposition. 

|  iUrvey  bpring  Co.,  JJLtf-  17th  St.,  Kncine,  Wig. 


GUARANTEED 


BegisteredVw  SM  OFF. 

GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS  ' 

Protein  30-  33%  x 

Fat  u%  > 

Carbohydrates  30-40%  « 

Fibre  12*14%  4; 


Dividend  Paying  Cows 

Aiax  Flakes 

Because :  Ajax  Flakes  is  an  Unequalled  Milk  Producer 


are 


fed  on 


THREE  AJAX  RECORDS: 

Wera  Belle  We^tview — Winner  of  the  January,  1911,  Hoard’s 
Prize,  Wisconsin  Competition  ;  2,014  lbs.  milk,  72  lbs  fat. 
Dollie  Dimple — Year  Record:  18,458  lbs.  milk,  906  lbs.  fat. 
Daisy  Cornucopia  Pauline — No.  91,712;  a  wonderful  thirty-day 
record  :  2,420  lbs.  milk,  126  lbs.  butter. 

You  can  deceive  yourself  by  buying  inferior  feeds,  but  you  can¬ 
not  fool  a  cow.  She  will  not  give  you  the  maximum  quantity  of 
high  quality  milk  unless  she  has  the  best  feed.  Ajax  Flakes  lead 
them  all — 30%  to  33%  Protein,  12%  to  14%  fat,  about  24%  digestible 
protein. 

NOW  IS  THE  HEAVY  FEEDING  SEASON 

Order  AJAX  FLAKES  immediately  of  your  nearest  dealer. 
If  he  happens  to  be  out  of  “AJAX”  refuse  all  “just  as  good”  im¬ 
itations  and  write  us  at  once  how  to  obtain  any  amount,  from  one 
bag  to  one  carload,  direct  from  us.  “AJAX”  is  twice  as  strong  as 
bran — only  costs  $3.00  more. 


Ohio  and  Western  Dairymen  write: 

•  •  1  I  v'  ”  ■  , 

Chapin  &  Co.,  Dept.  9,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 


Eastern  Dairymen  write: 

Chapin  &  Co.,  Dept.  9,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


483 


UJt-l'ts;  KURAL  NEW-YORKER 


April  8, 


HENYARD— Continued. 

INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS. 

A  group  of  these  beautiful  active  birds 
is  shown  in  the  cut.  It  is  supposed  that 
the  original  stock  came  "from  the  East 
Indies,  hence  the  title  Indian,  and  the 
Runner  part  of  their  name  refers  to 
their  habit  of  running,  instead  of  travel¬ 
ing  with  the  conventional  “waddle’’  used 


ing  broilers  as  soon  as  or  sooner  than  the 
Rocks  or  Wyandottes.  The  pullets  are  early 
layers.  They  lay  large  white  eggs,  and  lots 
of  them.  They  are  perfectly  contented  in 
small,  or  restricted  quarters.  They  are 
small  eaters.  They  are  hardy  of  consti¬ 
tution,  and  adapted  to  all  climates,  and 
conditions.  Finally,  they  are  of  perfect 
quality  as  a  table  fowl,  both  as  to  flavor 
of  flesh,  and  the  small  percentage  of  waste 
in  dressing.  jas.  abeknethy. 

Maine. 


Incubators  and  Insurance. — A  great 
many  persons  who  are  now  hatching  with 
incubators  in  their  houses,  are  unaware  that 


A  GROUP  OF  INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS.  Fig.  162. 


by  other  members  of  the  duck  tribe.  The 
Runners  are  rapidly  growing  in  popu¬ 
larity,  both  on  account  of  their  beauty 
and  great  laying  qualities.  There  are 
two  distinct  types,  the  white  egg  and 
green  egg.  White  egg  type  is  considered 
the  better,  as  the  birds  are  more  active 
and  heavier  layers,  and  the  white  eggs 
are  more  desirable  for  the  market.  “The 
Indian  Runner  Duck  Book,”  by  C.  S. 
Valentine,  is  a  very  interesting  work, 
giving  a  history  of  the  development  of 
this  bird  from  its  first  mention  to  the 
present  time.  It  costs  50  cents. 


Treatment  of  Houdans. 


they  arc  running  the  risk  of  losing  the 
protection  of  insurance  if  lire  should  occur 
upon  their  property  while  the  machines  are 
in  operation.  Atlhough  the  use  of  kerosene 
lamps  and  stoves  is  mentioned  and  allowed 
in  the  policies  issued  by  most  of  the  com¬ 
panies.  still  it  appears  that  they  do  not  in¬ 
clude  tin'  heating  apparatus  of  incubators 
under  this  permission  :  and.  when  a  fire 
breaks  out,  they  may  refuse  to  pay  for  losses 
if  there  is  any  ground  for  suspicion  that 
the  lamp  of  the  incubator  is  in  any  way 
responsible  for  the  conflagration.  Some  in¬ 
surance  companies  are  more  liberal  than 
others  and  allow  their  agents  to  grant  per¬ 
mits  for  the  use  of  incubators  in  houses 
that  are  Insured  by  them  if  an  increased 
rate  is  paid  for  and  other  conditions  are 
complied  with  :  many  companies  refuse  such 
permission  without  exception.  It  is  well  to 
have  a  plain  understanding  on  this  subject 
with  the  agent  of  the  company  in  which 
you  insure,  and  to  obtain,  if  possible,  his 
permission  in  writing,  before  the  lamp  of 
the  incubator  is  lighted.  w.  r.  f. 


SAVE  HALF  Your 

Paint  Bills 

By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT— proved 
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Only  Paint  endorsed  by  the  “Grange.” 
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NO’ROOF’EEPAIKS 


I 


only 
rooling 
that  never 
wears  out  is — 
Does  not 
ater-soak. 
will  not  melt  —  not  af 
fected  by  the  weather  or 
climate.  Thconly  roof thatis 
verlasting.  SHELDON’S 
GREEN  AND  PURPLE  ROOFING 
SLATE,  the  only  material  without  an 
equal.  No  more  expensive  than  other  high- 
grade  roofing.  Send  today  for  our  free  book 
"The  Hoof  Question,"  and  tell  us  your  wants. 

F.C. Sheldon  Slate  Co.  mmiS  Ak 


GyourBoy 

CAN  DO  AS  MUCH 

WorkasaMan 


if  '/ic  /tax  a . 

’KRAUS  PIVOT-AXLE 
!SULKY  CULTIVATOR 

\wr Be  simply  steers  It— the  machine  does  all  the 
work.  A  slight  pressure  of  the  foot  moves  the 
wheels  and  shovels  simultaneously  to  the  right  or 
left  at  the  will  ofthedrlver.whilethe  width  between 
gaDgs  and  depth  of  shovels  are  instantly  and  easily 
adjusted  while  machine  is  in  motion. 

Hillsides,  Uneven  Land 
and  Crooked  Rows  as  jMT*  Vi 
Easily  Cultivated  as 
Level  Ground. 

Simple  iu  construction- 
nothing  to  get  out  of  order. 

Made  entirely  of  steel  and  mal¬ 
leable  iron —  every  part  inter¬ 
changeable.  Built  for  wear 
and  work.  Light  draft  high 
wheels  and  perfect  balance. 

There  is  just  one  Kraus— 
if  your  dealer  does  not  have 
it  accept  no  other— but  write 
us.  Send  today  for  free  catalog, 

AKRON  CULTIVATOR  CO., 

‘dept.  13.  AKRON,  OHIO 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Here  Is  The  Harrow 


To  Usefln  Your  Farm 


ACME 


Because  the  “ACME”  Harrow 
gives  results.  It  is  used  for 
preparing  the  soil  for  all  grains 
and  alfalfa.  It  is  particularly  suc¬ 
cessful  because  the  sharp,  sloping 
knives  cut  through  to  the  undersoil, 
cutting  and  slicing  trash  that  has  been 
turned  under  by  the  plow  and  leaving  it 
buried  to  fertilize  the  growing  crops.  It 
can  he  used  on  all  klndsof  land,  whether  the 
soil  be  heavy  or  light,  preparing  a  perfect 
seed  bed. 

Pulverizing  Har¬ 
row,  Clod  Crusher 
and  Leveler 
cuts,  crushes,  turns,  levels  and  smoothes  in 

one  operation, and  is  theonly  implement  neces¬ 
sary  to  be  used  after  the  plow  in  completely  fit¬ 
ting  your  soil  for  the  seed.  There  are  no  lumps 
or  air  spaces  between  the  furrows.  The  under 
soil  isleft  compacted  and  the  topsoil  loose.  This 
conserves  the  moisture  for  the  growing  crops 
and  will  insure  you  larger  yields  per  acre.  The 
“ACME”  Harrow  is  made  of  steel  and  iron,  is 
light  of  draft  and  easily  handled.  Sizes  from  3 
to  17}$  feet  wide— a  size  to  suit  your  needs. 
Price,  the  cheapest  riding  Harrow  made.  On 
a  twenty  acre  field  the  “ACME”  will  pay  for 
itself  in  one  season  through  increased  yield. 
Let  us  send  you  our  booklet  and  catalog, 
“Preparation  of  the  Soil”-FREE.  It  will 
mean  money  for  you.  Ask  your  dealer  for 
prices,  or  write  to  DUANE  H.  NASH,  Inc., 
137  Division  Are., 
Millington,  N.  J. 

General  Agents, 

JOHN  DKKRK  PLOW  CO. , 
Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


Death  the  Stomach 
Worms  Guaranteed 

We  will  eend  you  100  lbs.  of  DR. 
HOLLAND’S  MEDICATED  STOCK 
SALT  on  60  days’  trial  freight, 
prepaid.  If  you  derive  no  benefit, 
it  costs  you  nothing;  If  you  do,  It 
costs  you  $5.00.  Give  us  your  or¬ 
der  at  once. 

The  HOLLAND  STOCK  REMEDY 
COMPANY,  Wellington,  Ohio. 


IF  YOU  ARE 
SATISFIED  THE 


CHARTER 


IS  0. K.  we  expect  to  serve 
you:  if  not,  let  us  satisfy 

you  by  Proof. 

Stationaries,  Portables,  Etc. 

Want  our  Catalog? 
State  your  power  needs. 

CHARTER  GAS  ENGINE  CO.. 


Box  26,  Sterling,  III.,  U.  S.  A. 


Somewhere  I  have  seen  It  stated  that 
Houdans  need  special  treatment  in  order  to 
be  handled  successfully  ;  but  no  explanation 
was  given  as  to  wliat  was  meant  by  that, 
and  I  wish  you  would  enlighten  me.  I 
have  never  kept  any  Houdan  poultry,  but 
have  thought  of  doing  so,  and  have  hesi¬ 
tated  on  account  of  the  above  statement. 

Massachusetts.  G.  E.  H. 

I  have  kept  the  Houdan  for  several  years, 
but  have  never  had  to  give  them  any 
different  treatment  from  other  breeds  that 
I  have  kept  at  different  times.  I  have 
hatched  Houdan  eggs  under  hens,  and  in  in¬ 
cubators  ;  brooded  the  chicks  under  the  old 
hen,  in  lamp-heated,  and  in  fireless  brooders. 
I  have  fed  them  on  prepared  chick  foods, 
on  wot  mash,  and  on  dry  mash.  In  ad¬ 
dition  to  the  Houdans,  I  have  kept  Fly- 
mouth  Rocks,  and  Wyandottes  for  sitters, 
as  the  Houdan  is  strictly  a  non-sitter.  The 
Houdans  have  had  with  us.  exactly  the 
same  treatment  as  these  two  breeds,  and  I 
have  raised  as  many  Houdans  to  maturity 
as  of  the  others.  Houdan  chicks  are  alert, 
active  little  fellows,  and  if  given  free 
range  will  pick  up  lots  of  feed,  and  come 
home  at  night  with  their  crops  full,  and 
I  have  found  that  we  can  get  them  to  the 
broiler  stage  as  quickly  as  either  P.  Rocks, 
or  Wyandottes  and  with  a  much  less  expen¬ 
diture  of  food.  I  have  handled  the  old 
stock  just  as  I  have  other  fowls.  e 
have  some  cold  weather  down  here  in 
Maine.  This  Winter  we  have  had  it  down 
to  20  degrees  below  zero  quite  a  few  months, 
but  our  Houdans  have  been  kept  in  houses 
with  the  windows  partly  open  at  all  times, 
and  I  have  fed  and  attended  to  them 
just  as  I  would  the  other  breeds,  and  have 
had  no  colds,  or  any  kind  of  sickness.  I 
cannot  see  why  the  Houdan  should  be 
thought  to  require  any  different  treatment 
from  other  breeds,  but  think  it  must  be 
because,  on  account  of  its  crest  and  fifth 
toe,  it  looks  somewhat  different  from  other 
fowls,  and  so  is  supposed  to  require  differ¬ 
ent  handling,  in  fact  it  is  by  many  classed 
solely  as  a  fowl  for  exhibition  purposes, 
and  not  as  a  breed  to  be  kept  for  eggs  and 
for  meat.  Yet  it  is  a  breed  that  in  parts, 
of  France  is  the  fowl  that  is  mainly  kept 
for  market  purposes,  and  in  parts  of  Eng¬ 
land  is  largely  kept  for  laying,  their  large 
white  eggs  being  in  demand  in  the  fancy 
egg  market.  We  who  have  been  breeding 
the  Houdan,  find  that  the  breed  is  one 
that  lias  many  good  qualities,  and  a  few 
of  these  qualities  that  commend  it  to  the 
ultility  poultry-keeper  are  that  it  is  quick 
to  grow  fat  and  feather  as  a  chick,  mak- 


rThe  one  solid  foundation  of  business  success  is  Square  Dealing,  Service 

Prlc.  and  Durability. 


is  the  simplest  gasoline  engine  built.  A  boy  y  »jl  II  I IX  17 1  ,  If  I,  LI 
can  run  it  as  well  asaman.  One  of  the  special 
features  of  the  Waterloo  Boy  is  the  Speed 

Lever,  which  works  like  the  throttle  of  a  locomotive.  W.  1Y|IT\AT 
You  can  vary  the  speed  while  the  engine  is  running  l/lJlv/Al 

from  50  to  75  revolutions  per  minute.  .  ..... 

Our  patented  Mixer  does  away  with  the  pump  and  ^ 

secures  economy  in  the  use  of  fuel.  The  old  reliable  Fly  Ball  Governor 
is  sensitive  and  keeps  the  speed  steady. 

Our  improved  Igniter  is  as  simple  as  a  pair  of  scissors — it  never  misses. 

Your  local  dealer  is  our  representative  to  help  you  if  you  need  help  and 
to  see  that  you  get  satisfaction,  and  this  without  extra  charge.  Waterloo 
Boy  engines  will  cost  you  no  more  than  Mail  Order  Engines  and  you  have  this  service  thrown  in. 

What  shall  we  say  of  the  price?  Simply  this — we  name  the  underselling  price.  How  can  we  do  this?  Because  of  the 
simplicity  of  our  engine,  the  large  volume  of  our  business  and  our  well  equipped  factory.  The  fact  that  we  specialize  on  engines 
only  enables  us  to  build  them  cheaper  than  others.  Then  too,  our  selling  methods  are  inexpensive.  That  is  why  the 
Waterloo  Boy,  in  price,  is  under  all  others. 


.IJUKl'JHHKJ'V.', 


The  Buttercup  Cream  Separator 


stands  side  by  side  with  the  Waterloo  Soy  Gasoline  E,ngine  on  the  same  solid  foundation.  Like  the  Waterloo  Boy  it  is  simple,  attractive, 
efficient,  built  of  the  best  material  and  built  to  last.  It  is  one  of  the  first  machines  to  combine  the  wing  and  disc  principles  of  skimming.  It  gets  99  and  99-100% 
of  the  cream.  That  is  the  best  any  cream  separator  has  done. 

The  Buttercup  is  low  down,  has  heavy,  steady  frame.  The  bowl  is  simple  and  easily  cleaned.  The  machine  runs  easy  and  is  good  for  a  lifetime  of  service. 

The  Waterloo  Boy  Gasoline  E,ngine  and  the  Buttercup  Cream  Separator  are  built  on  merit  and  sold  on  honor.  For  all  around 
service  and  satisfaction  year  after  year  they  lead  the  world. 

We  make  them  in  enormous  quantities,  sell  them  at  a  low  price.  We  have  no  high  priced  experts,  no  traveling  salesmen,  no  expensive  offices.  We  give  the 
man  who  buys  the  advantage  of  our  bed  rock  prices.  We  guarantee  these  machines  tor  5  years.  If  you  are  interested  in  either  one  or  both  write  us  for  catalogs. 

Waterloo  Gasoline  Engine  Co 


Waterloo,  Iowa 


1911. 


RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


483 


MIL  K. 


In  effect  March  1  the  New  York  Ex¬ 
change  price  was  reduced  one-half  cent  to 
$1.61  per  40-cjuart  can,  netting  314  cents 
to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have  no 
additional  station  charges. 


Milk  is  handled  here  by  the  Ilelvetta  Milk 
Condensing  Co.  Milk  routes  are  established 
on  all  the  principal  roads  going  out  from 
six  to  12  miles  gathering  in  the  milk.  The 
present  price  is  $1.75  per  100  pounds.  I 
am  not  prepared  to  give  the  minimum  or 
maximum  price ;  think  an  average  price 
would  be  $1.50  per  100  pounds.  The  com¬ 
pany  pays  out  for  milk  about  one  million 
per  annum.  Poultry  is  given  much  atten¬ 
tion  and  farmers  realize  nice  profits  from 
eggs  and  market  poultry  mostly  sold  to 
local  buyers.  Cows  are  bringing  from  $50 
to  $125.  Land  from  $80  to  $200  per  acre. 

Ohio.  s.  N.  F. 


At  a  recent  convention  held  at  Fargo, 
North  Dakota,  the  connection  between  clean 
milk  and  high-class  butter  was  strikingly 
shown.  Some  of  the  defects  in  the  samples 
of  milk  scored  were :  “Visible  dirt,”  the 
result  of  unclean  cows,  stables,  milker  or 
utensils;  “stale  flavor,”  caused  by  not  prop¬ 
erly  cooling  before  bottling.  Milk  bottled 
while  it  contains  animal  heat  is  likely  to 
develop  disgusting  odor  and  flavor,  and 
sours  quickly.  The  other  defects  mentioned 
were;  “Kitchen  flavor”  and  “salty  flavor.” 
The  latter  is  the  result  of  some  physical 
derangement  of  the  can,  and  the  former 
from  cooking  odors,  stored  vegetables,  and 
sometimes  tobacco,  where  smoking  is 
allowed  in  the  house.  From  the  same  farm, 
with  a  sample  of  milk  that  scored  nearly 
perfect  in  respect  to  visible  dirt,  was  ex¬ 
hibited  a  sample  of  butter,  doubtless  made 
from  the  same  milk,  which  received  the 
highest  score  on  flavor.  Again  from  the 
same  farm  with  a  sample  of  milk  showing 
much  visible  dirt  was  exhibited  a  sample  of 
butter  that  scored  lowest  on  flavor. 


SANITARY  MILK  PAILS. 

Bulletin  326.  of  the  Geneva.  N.  Y.,  Ex¬ 
periment  Station,  deals  with  milk  pails  and 
experiments  made  to  improve  them  from  the 
standpoints  of  convenience  and  cleanliness. 
One  of  the  best  of  these  improved  pails  is 


THE  STORRS  MILK  PAIL.  Fig.  163. 

shown  at  Fig.  163.  This  is  called  the 
Storrs  pail,  and  was  devised  by  Prof.  J. 
M.  Trueman.  A  careful  comparative  test 
of  this  with  the  ordinary  open  pail  showed 
that  the  bacterial  content  of  the  milk 
drawn  in  the  Storrs  pail  was  only  half  that 
in  the  other  under  the  same  stable  condi¬ 
tions.  Pictures  of  other  pails  will  be  shown 
later. 


Wild  Onions  and  Milk. 

Tell  the  farmers  who  have  plenty  of  wild 
onions  on  their  farms  what  to  feed  to  cows 
to  destroy  the  smell  or  taste  from  the  milk 
and  butter  and  you  will  certainly  confer  a 
great  favor  on  the  farmers.  w.  b.  b. 

Virginia. 

We  cannot  tell,  and  doubt  if  there  is 
anything  that  will  do  it  entirely.  We  have 
heard  charcoal  and  cooking  soda  suggested 
— the  charcoal  because  it  absorbs  and  holds 
gases.  If  anyone  knows  we  would  like  to 
share  his  wisdom. 


An  “Oleo”  Senator. 

I  like  your  sentiments  on  the  reciprocity 
question,  as  you  say  “a  farmer  must  cut 
his  own  swath.”  A  good  place  for  the 
dairyman  to  commence  is  on  the  oleo  ques¬ 
tion.  I  notice  we  have  a  Senator  in  this 
State  (McClellan)  small  enough  to  intro¬ 
duce  a  bill  in  the  interest  of  the  oleo  peo¬ 
ple.  Think  of  the  great  State  of  New 
York,  foremost  in  dairying,  represented  in 
its  Legislature  by  a  man  so  devoid  of 
patriotism  that  lie  will  for  money  deal  a 
death  blow  to  the  leading  interest  of  the 
State.  The  bill  1  refer  to  seeks  to  allow 
manufacturers  and  others  to  sell  or  give 
away  coloring  matter  to  tint  uncolored  oleo, 
also  to  brand  with  names  suggestive  of 
dairy  butter.  The  first  thing  1  did  when 
this  bill  was  called  to  my  attention  was 
to  send  a  protest  to  the  Senator  and  As¬ 
semblyman— for  whom  I  voted  last  Fall — 
against  their  giving  it  their  support.  At 
least  two  buttermakers  in  this  State  have 
been  indicted  by  the  Government  for  selling 
fitter  containing  over  16  per  cent  water. 
Jt  the  law  is  so  zealous  of  the  public 
health  1  would  like  to  ask  why  more  con¬ 
victions  are  not  secured  under  the  law 
wbieh  prohibits  the  sale  of  oleo  as  butter, 
and  why  the  penalty  is  not  as  severe  in 
such  cases  as  for  adulterated  butter.  Dairy 


farmers  should  insist  that  oleo  should  not 
be  sold  or  transported  in  any  tub,  box, 
dish,  parcel  or  other  container  unless  said 
containei*  is  marked  “oleo,”  and  that  all 
material  used  for  wrapping  or  securing 
said  package  of  oleo-  must  be  branded 
“oleo.’  If  oleo  is  just  as  good  as  butter 
let  the  manufacturers  show  their  faith  in 
their  goods  by  advertising  them. 

New  York.  g.  e.  h. 


A  Gloomy  Milk  View. — It  looks  as  if 
New  England  farmers,  especially  those  de¬ 
pending  on  the  production  of  milk,  would 
have  a  hard  time  to  make  both  ends  meet 
in  the  future  if  various  things  turn  out  as 
they  look  to  us  now.  Our  President  is  work¬ 
ing  against  us  in  urging  reciprocity  in  farm 
products,  especially  dairy  products,  which 
will,  if  it  goes  through,  hit  us  hard.  The 
contractors  are  threatening  a  nine-cent  cut 
on  Massachusetts  milk,  and  seven  cents  on 
out  of  the  State  milk,  and  as  under  pres¬ 
ent  laws  they  can  bring  milk  from  Canada 
for  five  cents  a  can  freight,  just  what  we 
are  paying  only  28  miles  from  Boston,  we 
are  practically  helpless,  as  a  strike  under 
these  conditions  would  do  us  no  good  what¬ 
ever.  If  the  Saunders  law  is  repealed  I 
cannot  see  where  it  will  do  us  any  good, 
as  it  will  not  stop  the  distant  or  outside 
milk  at  all.  It  seems  to  me  it  means  just 
this ;  milk  business  except  for  local  mar¬ 
kets  is  dead  in  Massachusetts.  This  must 
affect  and  reduce  the  price  of  hay  and  such 
products,  and  drive  farmers  into  other  busi¬ 
ness  or  other  kinds  of  farming,  the  pros¬ 
pects  of  which  are  not  really  encouraging 
at  present,  or  for  the  near  future.  Farm 
values  must  drop  in  spite  of  city  buyers, 
some  of  whom  are  at  present  helping  keep 
up  the  Boston  milk  supply  by  making  large 
quantities  at  a  loss  just  to  amuse  them¬ 
selves  farming,  having  money  to  throw 
away,  and  are  doing  just  that  and  hurting 
other  producers  and  farmers  by  so  doing. 

Hopkinton,  Mass.  a.  e.  p. 


An  Interested  Party. 

I  notice  in  your  issue  of  March  25  that 
Mr.  L.  V.  Axtell,  of  Perry,  Ohio,  writes 
an  article  saying  that  Missy  of  the  Glen 
should  not  be  required  to  “come  back.” 
Has  it  occurred  to  you  that  Mr.  Axtell  is 
almost  as  much  interested  in  Missy  of 
the  Glen  as  Mr.  Taylor  himself,  as  he 
bred  Fernwood  of  Homestead  7448,  who 
sired  Missy  of  the  Glen,  and  sold  him 
to  Mr.  Taylor?  Possibly  this  accounts 
for  the  position  Mr.  Axtell  takes  in  the 
matter.  I  should  say,  offhand,  that  he  is 
what  might  be  called  an  interested  par¬ 
ty,  and  would  be  rather  anxious  to  have 
Missy  of  the  Glen’s  record  remain  on  the 
list  of  the  Advanced  Register,  as  he  un¬ 
doubtedly  has  some  of  the  same  blood  in 
his  herd,  and  it  would,  of  course,  affect 
their  value. 

Massachusetts.  R.  L.  S. 


Why  Don’t  You  Put  Concrete  Piers 
Under  Your  Corn  Crib? 

They  require  no  extra  support,  are  absolutely  solid, 
simple  to  make  and  everlasting.  The  continuous 
bracing  and  replacing  of  wood  or  stone  pillars  is 
done  away  with  and  in  the  long  run  the  cost  is  less. 

Plans  for  Concrete  Construction  FREE 

Write  us  today  for  simple,  definite  plans  for  building: 

No.  1 — Sidewalks,  No.  2 — Troughs,  No.  3 — Porches  and  Steps 

If  you  want  instructions  how  to  build  concrete  floors,  founda¬ 
tions,  well  curbs,  posts,  silos,  tanks,  dipping  vats,  cisterns  or 
concrete  blocks  or  anything  else,  write  us  at  once,  describing 
fully  just  what  you  want  to  build. 

This  service  Is  Free.  The  only  expense  to  you  will  be 
the  postage  used  in  writing  us.  Address  the  nearest 
office  of  the  Company. 


Blind  Teat. 

I  have  a  cow  with  one  bad  teat ;  I  can 
get  no  milk  from  that  quarter.  I  tried  a 
milking  tube,  but  it  did  no  good ;  the  teat 
is  full  and  soft,  has  been  that  way  for  two 
or  three  years.  What  would  be  good  to 
shrink  that  quarter,  as  I  don't  think  it  will 
give  anv  milk,  and  I  don't  like  the  looks 
of  it.  L.  J.  R. 

Ohio. 

Do  not  attempt  to  open  the  blind  teat 
duct,  as  to  do  so  would  be  to  spread  infec¬ 
tion  and  probably  spoil  the  entire  udder. 
Rubbing  t£ie  abnormal  quarter  twice  daily 
witli  a  mixture  of  equal  parts  fluid  extract 
of  belladonna  leaves  and  camphorated  oil 
will  tend  to  lessen  milk  secretion  and  pre¬ 
vent  garget.  A.  s.  a. 


UNIVERSAL  PcementD  COMPANY 


CHICAGO  —  PITTSBURG 

Northwestern  Office:  Minneapolis 


“EVERYTHING  FOR  DAIRYMEN  ALWAYS  IN  STOCK” 

WISHER  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY,  230  ^cwvo'rk^  ST* 


A'r5 


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MUM 


on 


u  rra 


A  Horse  is 
What  His  Stomach 
Makes  Him 

Few  horse  owners  realize  it,  yet  it’s  a  fact  that  the  physical  beauty, 
courage  and  endurance  of  the  horse  depend  upon  a  healthy  normal  action 
of  one  function — digestion.  The  stomach  of  the  horse  is  small  and  his  ration 
less  than  the  great  bulk  consumed  by  the  milch  cow  or  fatting  steer.  Evidently, 
then,  this  smaller  ration  of  the  horse  must  be  thoroughly  digested  or  his  physical 
fitness  will  suffer.  Here  is  where 

DB  HESS  STOCK  P 

pays  for  itself  many  times  over.  It  is  a  digestive  tonic,  formulated  by  Dr.  Hess  (M.D., 
D.V.S.)and  intended  to  aid  and  strengthen  animal  digestion.  A  horse  getting  a  trifling  dose 
of  it  twice  a  day  turns  his  smaller  mess  of  hay  and  grain  into  muscular  energy  and  physi¬ 
cal  fitness.  A  milch  cow  receiving  it  converts  more  meal,  hay  and  fodder  into  milk.  A 
fatting  steer,  sheep  or  hog,  fed  regularly  with  small  doses  of  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food,  grows 
faster  and  lays  on  sweeter,  firmer  flesh  than  would  be  possible  without  its  use.  “A  poor 
ration,  well  digested,  is  better  than  the  best  ration  poorly  digested.”  This  is  “The  Dr. 
Hess  Idea”  of  live  stock  feeding  and  all  farm  animals  are  the  better  for  it.  Dr.  Hess 
Stock  Food  relieves  minor  stock  ailments.  Sold  on  a  written  guarantee.  Ask  your 
dealer  for  it. 


EMM 


TV 


A 
v . 


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MM 


VrA 


100  lbs.  $5.00 
25  lb.  pail  $1 .60 


Except  in  Canada  and  extreme  West  and  South. 
Smaller  quantities  at  a  slight  advance. 


Also  manufacturers  of  Dr.  Hess  Poultry  Pan-a-ee-a  and 
Instant  Louse  Killer.  Free  from  the  1st  to  the  10th  of  each 
month— Dr.  Hess  (M.  D.,  D.  V.  S.)  will  prescribe  for  your  ailing  animals.  96-page  Veterinary 
Book  free  for  the  asking.  Send  2c  stamp  and  mention  this  paper. 


Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food  Makes 
“Blue  Ribbon”  Winners 


DR.  HESS  &  CLARK 
Ashland,  Ohio 


DU.  HESS  POULTRY  PfiU-A-CE-A  LaHng  hens>  growing  chicks,  moulting  fowls— poultry  of  all 
"*“*  rVULIIll  ■  Mil  M  Uk  M  kinds,  ages  and  sizes — need  Ur.  Hess  Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a  in  daily 

doses.  It  stimulates  egg  production,  hastens  growth  and  fattening,  shortens  the  moulting  period,  cures  minor  ail¬ 
ments  and  pays  the  poultryman  several  hundred  per  cent,  profit  on  its  purchase  price.  Ask  your  dealer  for  it. 

1  %  lbs.  25c;  mail  or  express  40c;  5  lbs.  60c;  12  lbs.  $1.25;  25  lb.  pail,  $2.50. 

Except  in  Canada  and  extreme  West  and  South. 

Send  2c  for  Dr.  Hess  48-page  Poultry  Book,  free. 

INSTANT  LOUSE  KILLER  KfUS  LEGE 


434 


April  S, 


SUGGESTIONS  FOR  A  HOGHOUSE. 

I  would  like  plans  for  a  hoghouse.  I 
would  like  about  six  brood  sows  at  present, 
and  raise  the  pigs  to  fatten,  so  would  need 
covered  pens  with  open  runs  attached. 
Would  also  like  room  attached  for  cooker 
and  feed  room.  I  would  like  to  build  so  it 
could  be  conveniently  added  to  if  so  desired. 
Would  concrete  or  wood  be  best  for  mate¬ 
rial?  A.  H.  B. 

Saugerties,  N.  Y. 

It  is  a  difficult  matter  to  plan  a  hog¬ 
house  to  suit  a  farmer  from  a  short 
written  request  without  knowing  the 
surroundings  and  circumstances  govern¬ 
ing  the  need  of  such  a  building.  It  will 
hardly  be  possible  in  a  swine-growing 
section  to  find  two  permanent  hoghouses 
built  on  the  same  plan.  Farmers  it  seems 
differ  as  much  in  this  as  they  do  in 
building  their  own  homes.  When  it 
comes  to  a  single  or  colony  house  great 
numbers  of  a  single  pattern  can  be  found 
in  a  section  of  country  where  each  far¬ 
mer  grows  a  greater  or  less  number  of 
pigs.  Further  than  heating  water  for 
mixing  slop,  cooking  potatoes  and  occa¬ 
sionally  warming  the  house  at  farrow¬ 
ing  time,  there  is  no  need  of  heat.  There 
is  no  profit  in  cooking  grains  of  any 
kind.  There  is  nothing  like  sunshine 
to  give  health  to  young  pigs  aside  from 
the  milk  from  their  dams.  Consequent¬ 
ly  in  planning  a  house  provision  should 
be  made  for  this.  It  does  not  require  a 
great  space  covered  with  sunshine  to 
meet  the  wants  of  a  litter  of  pigs. 

It  is  not  a  good  plan  to  build  a  house 
so  pens  will  be  on  the  north  side  where 
the  pigs  can  have  no  sunshine.  If  a 
house  fronts  the  southeast  more  sun¬ 
shine  can  be  had  than  in  any  other 
position.  A  room  for  a  single  sow  and 
litter  should  be  at  least  10x5  feet,  and 
besides  this  space  allotted  there  should 
be  an  alleyway  four  feet  wide  to  pass 
in  front  of  the  pens,  for  convenience  in 
feeding  and  cleaning  out.  Thus  for  six 
sows  we  shall  want  a  building  30x14, 
and  besides  this  a  room  10x14  feet  for 
feed  room  and  heater.  When  desired 
this  building  can  be  extended  from  the 
end  of  the  stalls,  or  from  the  feed  room. 

The  most  satisfactory  way  to  build 
this  is  to  have  a  cement  door,  sloping 
from  the  back  towards  the  front,  the 
front  towards  the  southeast,  the  floor 
part  of  the  pens  sloping  two  inches  in 
the  10  feet,  leaving  the  floor  of  the 
alley  level.  If  the  feed  room  is  placed 
in  the  center  of  the  building  the  heating 
apparatus  can  be  made  use  of  at  far¬ 
rowing  time  for  at  least  two  sows,  and 
when  the  pigs  are  well  started  at  a  day 
or  two  old  they  can  be  moved  to  an¬ 
other  stall.  To  get  the  best  satisfaction 
from  a  building  of  this  kind  there  should 
be  a  lot  in  front  of  each  stall  with  a 
doorway  into  the  alley,  and  a  gateway 
into  the  stall.  It  is  not  possible  to  have 
the  pigs  do  very  well  for  a  long  time 
on  the  cement  floor.  They  must  get 
on  to  the  ground  for  thrift.  It  will  be  a 
good  plan  to  have  the  partitions  and 
doors  portable,  as  by  taking  them  out 
or  opening  them  against  the  walls  it 
makes  more  room,  and  the  pens  or  stall 
floors  can  be  used  as  a  feeding  floor. 
The  cement  floor  should  be  high  enough 
above  the  ground  level  to  allow  filling 
up  against  the  wall  so  the  water  would 
drain  away  from  the  building.  There 
should  be  a  wall  a  few  inches  higher 
than  the  floor  around  and  built  at  same 
time  the  floor  is  built  so  that  all  is 
solid.  Then  the  owner  can  put  a  wooden 
or  cement  building  on  top  of  this.  It 
must  be  remembered  that  all  cracks  or 
holes  that  will  admit  air  must  be 
guarded  against  at  the  same  time  provi¬ 
sion  is  made  for  ventilation  when  needed. 
This  superstructure  can  be  such  as  suits 
the  fancy  of  the  owner,  high  enough  to 
give  storage  room  for  an  extra  amount 
of  feed  or  bedding,  although  there  is 
some  risk  in  storing  the  latter,  on  ac¬ 
count  of  fire  in  the  feed  room.  If  any 
currents  are  allowed  for  ventilation  they 
should  pass  over  the  sows  and  pigs. 
An  abundance  of  bedding  should  be 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKEE 

used  to  take  up  all  moisture.  Damp¬ 
ness  makes  a  chill  air. 

Ross  Co.,  O.  JOHN  M.  JAMISON. 

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS. 

Of  the  several  dairy  breeds  Holsteins 
are  noted  for  giving  a  great  volume  of 
milk,  which  characteristic  makes  them 
the  ideal  cow  for  milk  dairies.  Regis¬ 
tered  Holstein-Friesians  are  outnum¬ 
bered  by  Jerseys,  but  much  exceed  in 
numbers  any  of  the  other  breeds.  In 
the  State  of  New  York  statistics  show 
that  there  are  32,OSO  registered  Hol¬ 
steins,  6,448  Jerseys,  2,907  Guernseys, 
and  2,065  Ayrshires,  a  very  good  show¬ 
ing  for  the  Holsteins.  Where  the  sale 
of  milk  is  the  main  consideration,  the 
Holsteins  have  their  innings.  Though 
they  produce  heavy  yields  of  milk,  the 
percentage  of  butter  fat  is  low,  and 
those  interested  in  butter  making  chiefly 
prefer  cows  giving  richer  milk.  While 
the  percentage  of  butter  fat  is  compara¬ 
tively  low  there  is  a  great  volume  of 
this  milk  produced,  making  the  total 
yield  of  butter  ample  for  any  particular 
cow.  The  picture  on  page  459,  Fig.  155, 
shows  a  high-priced  registered  Ilolstein- 
Friesian  cow  having  a  high  record  for 
milk  production.  This  animal  has  a  well 
marked  dairy  conformation ;  wedge- 
shaped  body,  thin  quarters  and  .min, 
tapering  neck  and  a  large  udder  and 
milk  veins.  We  hear  much  lately  about 
dual-purpose  cows ;  such  cows,  able  to 
produce  calves  of  some  promise  as  beef 
steers  and  a  fair  lot  of  milk  may  do 
for  the  general  purpose  farm,  but  for 
the  specialized  dairy  farm  the  special¬ 
ized  dairy  cow  is  the  most  profitable 
kind,  and  for  the  milk  dairy  the  Holstein 
fills  the  bill.  w.  e.  duckwaia. 

Ohio. 


WHAT  KIND  OF  SILAGE  CORN? 

To  me  there  was  a  “sort”  of  connect¬ 
ing  link  between  the  darkey  preacher, 
“Uncle  Moses,”  and  “What  kind  of  sil¬ 
age  corn  shall  we  plant,”  page  81,  for 
the  reason  that  the  last  has  been  an¬ 
swered  to  hundreds  of  silo  men  in  north¬ 
east  Ohio  from  this  same  point  of  view 
at  Afton,  Va.  For  the  last  five  years 
10,000  or  more  acres  of  silage  corn  has 
been  planted  each  year  in  this  vicinity, 
from  corn  sent  from  Afton  and  Bates- 
ville,  Va.,  and  the  acreage  is  steadily 
increasing.  Some  of  our  local  dealers 
are  selling  as  high  as  1,000  bushels  of 
it  each  year,  and  new  customers  com¬ 
ing  each  season.  The  answer  to  this 
popularity  comes  from  this  cause.  This 
corn,  naturally  of  a  large  growing,  ro¬ 
bust  variety,  is  grown  on  the  plateaus 
of  the  Blue  Ridge,  quite  2,000  feet  above 
tide  level  and  has  as  short  a  growing 
season  as  our  northern  varieties,  and 
with  about  the  same  proportion  in  quan¬ 
tity,  as  noted  by  Mr.  Martin,  page  81, 
as  between  Eureka  and  Sanford. 
Brought  North  and  planted  in  northern 
Ohio  with  its  altitude  of  about  1,100 
feet,  it  grows  to  very  large  size,  pro¬ 
fusely  leaved,  and  heavily  eared  if 
planted  about  10  to  12  quarts  per  acre, 
and  by  September  20  is  matured  fully 
in  all  respects  for  the  silo.  Grown  up 
here  it  is  remarkably  charged  with 
sweetening  elements,  and  if  fed  in  the 
Fall  as  a  soiling  crop,  is  so  toothsome 
that  it  is  eaten  up  to  the  last  remnant. 
About  15  years  ago  I  chanced  upon  this 
high-growing,  Blue  Ridge  corn  for  sil¬ 
age,  and  have  never  found  its  equal  for 
germinating  power  of  seed,  vigor  of 
growth,  and  profuse  earing,  with  the  re¬ 
sult  as  narrated  in  the  beginning  of  this 
article.  John  gould. 


Aii  Ideal  Farm  Pump 

It  will  save  time  and  labor  every  day  and 
make  it  possible  to  have  running  water  in  house, 
barn,  stable  or  yard. 

1  f  PYRAMID 

{jFOUldS  Pump 

will  supply  all  the  water  you  can  use  at  little 
expense.  Don’t  waste  your  men’s  time  carrying 
water  from  the  well  for  stock  or  household  use. 

Do  away  with  this  drudgery — have  running  water 
wherever  you  need  it  and  fire  protection  as  well. 

The  “  Pyramid”  is  the  highest  type  of  Power  Pump  for 
connection  to  gasoline  engines  or  other  forms  of  drive.  It 
is  made  of  the  best  materials  ;  every  mechanical  detail  is 
perfect;  solidly  and  strongly  constructed  to  stand  heavy 
pressure  and  give  continuous  service. 

Our  Free  Book 

“  Water  Supply  for  the  Home  ” 

tells  all  about  this  pump  that  every  farmer  needs.  Tells  about 
our  many  other  pumps,  including  lift  pumps  and  force  pumps, 
single  and  double-acting  pumps,  hydraulic  rams.  etc.  The  most 
complete  little  book  issued  on  the  subject  of  pumps. 

The  Goulds  Mf^.  Company,  58  W.  Fall  St.,  Seneca  Falls,  N.  Y. 


Farmers, 

Nitrate  of  Soda 
Sulphate  of  Potash 


the  man  behind  the  Plow  want*  a  Good  Fertilizer.  For  the 
Land’s  sake  give  him  the  real  Farm  Chemical,  such  as: 


Muriate  of  Potash 
Kainit 


Our  40  years  of  experience,  prompt  service,  best  facilities,  are  back  of  every  bag  of  these  Genuine  Materials. 
We  advise  to  buy  now,  prompt  service.  Write  us  for  Prices  TO-DAY.  Any  amount  from  200-lb.  bag  up. 


FARMERS  UNITED  CHEMICAL  CO., 


Box  317,  Reading,  Pa. 


AIR 

COOLED 


THE  BEST  FARM  POWER  FOR  ALL  WORK 

Marathon,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  18,  1010. 
Gentlemen:— Threshed  48  bus.  Buckwheat  per  hour.  Started 
easy  last  winter,  temperature  15°  below  zero.  Geoiiok  H.  Guy. 

IT  WILL  DO  IT  FOR  YOU.  GET  CATALOG  NO.  5. 

Cohpany  i 4 o  siie iu dak 

iJ&sme,  Hicufgak,  If.S.A.  S  T II  FI  FI  T 


AMERICAN  SAW  MILLS 

Make  most  money  because  they  do  best  work  in 
quickest  time  with  least  power  and  smallest  crews, 
owing  to  their  simple  construction  and  improved, 
patented  devices.  Portable  and  stationary.  All  sizes. 
Variable  Frietion  Feed,  Combined  Uutchet  Set  works 
and  quick  Keceder  and  other  superior  features.  F ree 
Catalog  and  Prices  will  interest  you.  Lists  our  com* 
plete  line  of  wood  working  machinery. 

American  Saw  Mill  Machinery  Co. 

129  Hope  St.,  llackettstown,  N.  J. 

1582Terminal  Buildings,  New  York 


.The  Thompson-Breese 

A  --I-.  T|1  _  _  Handled  by  One  Man— 

/■%  1]  gflfH  P  Ifl Wf  mam  Does  Work  of  6  Men 
1  M  1VWW  and  12  Horses— Easily 

One  man  plows  10  to  12  acres  a  day,  any  depth  from  1  to  10  inches.  Plows 
absolutely  uniform,  no  matter  how  uneven  the  ground.  Right  driving 
wheel  17  inches  ahead  of  left  wheel  makes  outfit  ride  over  gullies  or 
furrows  without  jolts.  Three  14-inch  plows  hung  under  the  frame 
forward  of  operator's  seat— work  always  in  sight.  Right  wheels 
track  in  furrow,  practically  no  steering  needed  after  first  furrow. 

Touching  foot  lever  operates  power  lifting  device  for  raising  and 
lowering  plows  while  machine  is  in  motion.  Double  opposed  engine, 
r-incli  bore,  10-inch  stroke — more  than  30  horse  power.  Weight 
only  8900  pounds  with  plows  and  water  tanks  and  gasoline  tank  filled. 

Plow  hitch  from  front  of  machine,  giving  same  pull  as  horse  hitch.  High 
grade  transmission  and  differential,  three  speeds  forward  and  one  reverse 
—just  like  best  automobiles.  Not  an  experiment,  but  a  real,  proved,  prac¬ 
tical  Auto-Plow,  guaranteed  unconditionally  to  do  satisfactory  work.  An 
all  around  power  outfit,  not  only  for  plowing,  but  for  harrowing,  seeding, 
cutting  grain,  threshing  it  and  hauling  it  to  market.  Also  best  belt 
power  for  all  farm  machinery.  An  all  round  complete  power  outfit. 


WRITE  FOR  FREE  CATALOG 

giving  full  description,  with  prices  and  terms 

THOMPSON-BREESE  COMPANY, 
Department  109  Wapakoneta,  Ohio 


urn. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


486 


MARKETS 

Wholesale  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  March  31,  1911. 


butte u 

Receipts  are  heavy  and  prices  have 
dropped  two  to  three  cents.  Creamery  is 
now  selling  for  10  cents  less  than  last 
year  at  this  date,  and  eight  cents  under 
1909. 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 21  ©  .22 

Good  to  Choice . 18  @  .21) 

cower  Grades  . 15  @  .17 

Storage . 15  @  .20 

State  Dairy,  best . 19  ©  .20 

Common  to  Good . U  @  .17 

Factory . 14  @  .15 

Packing  Stock . 12  @  .14 

Elgin  111.  butter  market  firm  at  24  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  22  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  23  cents. 
CHEESE 

The  market  is  steady  on  the  better  grades 
of  whole  milk.  New  make  is  rather  scarce 
yet,  most  of  it  selling  in  the  range  of 
nine  to  10  cents. 

Full  Cream,  best,  Fallmade . 14  @  .15 

Common  to  Good . 12  @  .13 

New  Made . 09  @  ,10hj 

Skims . 05  (ft  .10 

EGG8 

Receipts  are  very  large,  6,548,360  dozens 
having  arrived  at  New  York  in  six  days. 
Conditions  have  been  quite  favorable  here, 
however,  as  consumption  is  heavy  and 
storage  for  speculation  is  active.  Tennessee. 
Missouri.  Iowa  and  Indiana  are  making 
large  egg  shipments  East. 

White,  good  to  choice . 18  (ft  .20 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 17  @  is 

Common  to  Good . 15  ©  .17 

Western,  best . 17  @  .is 

Under  grades . 12  (ft  .15 

Duck  eggs,  dozen . 28  ©  .33 

Goose  eggs,  dozen . 05  @  .80 

‘  BEANS 

Arrivals  are  light  but  fully  up  to  the 

demand  at  present.  Market  on  California 
Lima  and  Red  Kidney  firm. 

Marrow,  100  lbs .  3.00  ©  3.70 

Medium .  3.00  ©  3.45 

Pea .  3.00  (ft  3.50 

Velio w  Eye .  3.65  @  3.70 

Bed  Kidney .  . ’. . 5.20  ©  5.55 

WhitcKidney .  4.75  ©  5.00 

Dima,  California . 0.60  (ft  6.70 

HOPS 

Very  few  sales  are  reported,  as  those 
having  stoeks  on  hand  are  holding  firmly 
for  higher  figures. 


Prime  to  Choice . 

Common  to  Good . 

Pacific  Coast. . 

.28  @ 

.21  (ft 
.00  (ft 

.29 

.27 

22 

Geiinan  Crop,  1910 . 

.53 

CIDER  VINEGAR 

Now  York  prices  for  single 

barrel 

lots. 

Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 

Standard  Grade . 

.22  © 
.13  @ 

.24 

.15 

DRIED  FRUITS 

Business  is  at  a  standstill  in 
all  grades. 

practically 

Apples,  evap.  prime . 

Kvap.,  com.  to  good .  . 

Sun  Dried . . . 

Chops . 

Cores  and  Skins . 

Raspberries . 

Cherries . 

.12  © 
.06  (ft 
.06  @ 
.07  © 
.07  <4© 
.28  @ 
.15  © 

13 

.11 

.0734 
.08 
.in  y, 
.30 
.18 

EltESH  FRUITS 

Receipts  of  barrelled  fruit  are  light ; 
box  stock  plentiful,  lint  selling  well.  Cran¬ 
berries  getting  scarce  and  market  firm,  with 
some  sales  above  quotations.  Strawberries 
running  poor. 

Apples.  Iiusset,  bbl .  . . 3. 00  @  4.00 

Winesap .  4.00  ©  6.00 

Greening .  4.00  ©  6.50 

York  Imperial .  4.00  ©  6.00 

Baldwin .  4.00  ©  5.50 

Ben  Davis . 3.50  @  5.00 

Spy .  4.00  ©  5.50 

Western— 

Newtown,  box- .  1.25  ©  2.25 

Spitz,  box .  1.59  (ft  2.50 

Rome,  box .  1.60  @2  25 

Black  Ben,  box .  ]  75  @  2.25 

Gano.  box  .  1  .60  ©  2.00 

Cranberries — 

Cape  Cod.  bbl . 10.00  @12.00 

Dong  Island,  bbl . 12.00  @13.00 

Jersey,  bbl . 9.U0  @10.50 

Strawberries,  Fla.,  qt . 15  ©  .50 

Oranges.  Fla.  box .  2.00  ©  3.00 

Porto  Rico .  2.50  ©  2.75 

California .  2.50  @  3.76 

Grape  Fruit.  Fla.  box . 2.50  (ft  3.50 

Pineapples,  Havana,  18s .  1.50  ©  2  25 

Porto  Rico,  80s  to  24s .  2.50  ©  3  00 


HONEY 

Market  continues  dull 


on  all  but  ex- 


traded  clover,  which  is  scarce. 

White  Clover,  lb . 

.10 

© 

.13 

Buckwheat,  lb . 

.08 

® 

.10 

Extracted,  lb .  . . 

.07 

© 

.10 

VKGETA BDES 

Market  on  old  potatoes  is  firm,  an  in¬ 
crease  of  25  to  30  eentss  per  barrel  on 
fairly  good  stock  being  noted.  Sweet  pota¬ 
toes  in  light  receipt  and  firm.  Asparagus 
arriving  freely  both  from  the  South  and 
California,  and  much  lower.  Old  cabbage 
scam-  and  higher;  new  very  plentiful  and 
weak.  Kale  and  spinach  largely  poor  and 
in  very  heavy  supply.  Prime  lettuce  selling 
well.  Onion  market  very  firm.  Green  peas 
plentiful  and  lower.  Tomatoes  plentiful  and 
largely  poor. 

Potatoes — N.  Y.  State.  ISO  lbs .  1.40  (ft  1.60 

Maine .  1.02  @.4.87 

Southern,  new,  No.  1,  bbl .  6.25  @  6.50 

Southern,  new,  No.  2,  bbl .  5.00  ©  5.50 

\  irginia,  second  crop,  bbl.. .  1.50  ©  2.60 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bkt . ■. .  1.00  (ft  2.00 

Sweet  Virginia,  bbl . . .  1.75  ©  2.25 

Asparagus.  Southern,  f ’ey  doz . 3.75  ©  4  00 

Good  to  prime . 2.00  ©  3.50 

Calif.,  green,  fancy .  4.00  ©  4.50 

Calif  .  green,  common  to  good .  2.50  ©  3.50 

Brussels  Sprouts,  qt . 08  ©  .18 

Beets,  new.  100  bunches .  2.50  ©  4  00 

I,bl .  1.50  ©  2.00 

Southern,  new,  100  bunches .  1.50  ©  2.50 

Cabbage— Danish  seed,  ton . 12.00  @16.00 

New.  Southern,  bbl . 75  @1.62 

dK?i . .  ©  1.00 

Scp.Umibe»lHi  FIa"  bU . ••  •  .  .  .  *  2.00  (t  3^50 

Kale  hk lbW .  2.00  ®  3  60 

Kohlrabi,  Southern.  100  bunches .  2.50  (ft  4.00 

Dettuce,  h»-bbt.  bkt. . . 50  (ft  2  00 

Peppers,  Southern,  bu . 2.00  ©  300 

kennel.  Southern,  bbl .  o  nn  ^  a  nn 

Horseradish,  100  lbs . . .  . .  .  ..V.;:".  5.00  I  8  00 

Okr?  F?ianc  F1’1'  bI;t .  2.00  ©  4.00 

Okra,  P  la.  Carrier  .  2  Ofl  (s,  '■{  on 

Onions,  Orange  Cq.,  bag . ’ .  2A0  ©  3  50 

State  and  Western,  140  lb.  bag . 2.00  ©  3A0 

pe^s  Fiap,.cbue:.bu::: . 

Radishes,  8  n  %  bbl.-bkt. "  i.ou  ©  4  50 


Komaine.  Southern,  bbl . 75  &  1.25 

Salsify,  10.)  bunches . 5.00  (ft  7.00 

Striug  Beans,  bu .  1.00  @  3.50 

Spinach,  bbl . 75  ©  1.12 

oquasn,  bbl . 1.75  ©  2.25 

Turnips.  Rutabaga,  bbl . 75  (ft  1.00 

White,  bbl .  1.00  ©  1.50 

Decks.  Southern,  100  bunches .  2.U0  @  4.00 

Egg  Plants.  Fla.,  box .  2.50  ©  3.U0 

Parsnips,  bbl .  1.25  (ft  1.75 

Parsley  bbl  .  3.00  ©  4.00 

Tomatoes,  Fla.  crate . 75  ©  1.37 

HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 
Lettuce  scarce ;  cucumbers  and  radishes 
lower  ;  tomatoes  very  dull. 

Cucumbers,  best,  doz . 75  ©  1.00 

Common  to  good . 50  tft  .60 

Mnsnrooms,  lb . 15  ©  .40 

Radishes,  100  bunches .  2.00  (ft  2  50 

Rhubarb,  doz  bunches . 25  ©  .65 

Tomatoes,  Jb . 05  ©  .10 

DIVE  POUDTUY 

Arrivals  moderate  and  market  fairly  firm, 
particularly  on  fowls. 

Chickens,  lb . 14  @  .15 

Fowls . 17  ©  .17hs 

Roosters . .  08  (ft  .09 

Ducks . 16  (ft  .18 

Geese . 09  @  .10 

Turkeys . 12  @  .1 

DRESSED  POULTRY— Fresh  Killed 
Receipts  of  fowls  light  and  market  firm 
for  fowls  averaging  four  pounds. 

Turkeys.  Fancy . 19  @  2) 

Common  to  Good . 16  (ft  .1! 

Chickens,  roasting,  prime . 18  @  .21 

Common  to  Good . 14  @  .1( 

Fancy  broilers,  lb .  36  ©  .41 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 25  @  .31 

Fowls .  14  (ft  .11 

Squabs,  doz .  1.75  @  4.71 

DRESSED  POUGTRY-Fhozen 
Trade  dull  and  dealers  anxious  to  get 
rid  of  their  holdings. 

Turkeys,  best . 22  ©  .23 

Chickens,  milk-fed  broilers  .  22  ©  .25 

Corn-fed  broilers . 15  ©  .22 

Mi lk- fed  roasters . 17  ©  .18 

Corn-fed  roasters . 15  ©  .16 

Fowls .  12  ©  .15 

Ducks,  best . 16  (ft  .17 

Common  to  good . . . 13  (ft  .15 

Geese . 08  @  .14 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 
Most  of  the  calves  arriving  are  below 
medium  in  quality  and  selling  low.  Hot¬ 
house  lambs  plentiful,  most  of  them  going 
under  $7. 

Calves,  good  to  prime . 10  ®  .11 

Common . 08  ®  .09 

Dambs, hothouse,  head .  4.00  ©  7.00 

Pork,  light .  ...  .09  ©  .10 

Medium  to  heavy . 08  ©  .0814 

Roasting  Pigs,  lb . 14  ©  .17 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Choice  Timothy  and  clover  very  firm ; 
lower  grades  dull. 

Bay.  No.  1,  ton . ......... . 20.00  ©  21.00 

No.  2 . 18.00  @  19.00 

No.  3 . 14.00  ©  16.00 

Clover  Mixed . . . 12.00  ©  18  00 

Clover . . 11.00  ©  16.00 

Straw,  Rye .  9.00  ©  11.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 8.00  ©  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Most  of  the  native  steers  and  cows  offered 
are  low  grade  and  hard  to  sell.  Calves 
scarce:  medium  and  upper  grades  selling 
well.  Demand  for  lambs  active. 

Native  Steers.  100  lbs .  6  25  (ft  6.40 

Oxen  and  Stags .  4.50  (ft  5.00 

Cows .  2.40  @4.75 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 5.50  @  8.50 

„  Culls  .  4.00  ©  5.00 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 4.00  @  4.50 

Lambs .  6.00  ©  7.15 

Hogs .  7.00  @7.70 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1.  Northern  Spring .  1.05  ©  ... 

No.  2,  Red . 93  ©  ... 

No.  I  Macaroni . 95  (ft  ... 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . (9  ©  .53 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 35  @  38 

. 76  ©  i80 

MILL  FEED 

Spring  Bran,  ton .  26.25  ®  27.75 

Standard  Middlings .  27.00  @  28.50 

Red  Dog .  28.00  @  29.00 

Hominy  Chop .  21.50  ©  22.50 

Linseed  Meal...-.  .  34.50  @  36.00 

Corn  Meal .  23.00  ©  24.00 

( Continued  on  page  487) 


Fertilizer*  Sower 


For  Broadcast 
Top-dressing 
or  Sowing 
in  Rows 

Spreads  to  width  /. 
of  5  ft.  10  inches,  ‘t 
200  to  4000  lbs. 
per  acre. 


Handles 

All 

Commer¬ 
cial 
Fertilizers 


LOW— EASIEST  TO  LOAD 

Broad  tires,  no  rutting.  Quick  changes  from  sowing 
in  rows  to  broadcasting,  also  for  thick  and  thtn 
spreading.  Furnished  with  shafts  or  tongue. 
Write  for  descriptive  circulars  and  testimonials. 

Special  Large  Size,  Sows  8  Feet  3  Inches  Wide. 

BELCHER  &  TAYLOR  A.  T.  CO. 

Box  75  Chicopee  Falls,  Mass. 


GREEN  MOUNTAIN 

SILOS 

Three  bearings  all  around 
each  door  like  a  safe  or  re¬ 
frigerator  door.  Hoops  are 
stronger  than  others.  Staves, 
doors  and  fronts  soaked  in 
preservative  if  you  wish. 

Green  Mountain  Silos  differ 
from  other  round  silos. 

Free  catalogue  gives  details. 

Post  card  will  bring  it. 

CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MFG.  CO., 
338  West  Street,  Rutland,  Vt. 


Sheared  by  Hand 


Sheared  by  Machine 


4 


> 


« .» 


-><rQa 


t.  ,  -S.  - -  .  -5 


Which  Way  Do  You  Shear? 

It  takes  an  expert  to  use  the  old  hand  shear  well  and  the  work  is  hard  and  irksome.  It 
means  tired,  swollen  wrists  and  aching  back.  It  means  second  cuts  in  the  wool,  uneven 
shearing  and,  very  often,  injury  to  the  sheep.  Willi  a  Stewart  Shearing  Machine  all  that 
is  changed.  Anyone  can  operate  it  and  do  good  work.  It  turns  easy,  shears  fast  and 
even,  does  not  put  any  second  cuts  in  the  wool  and  gets  from  15c  to  40c  worth  more 
from  each  sheep  than  the  hand  shear. 

This  Stewart  Ball  Bearing 
Shearing  Machine  No.  9 


has  all  gears  cut  from  the  solid  steel  bar  and  made  file  hard.  They  are  all  enclosed  and 
protected  from  dust  and  dirt  and  run  in  oil.  Every  joint  of  the  shearing  shaft  and  the 
shearing  head  itself  are  filted  with  ball  bearings.  As  a  result  it  turns  easier  and  shears 
faster  than  any  other  machine.  Price  of  this  machine,  com¬ 
plete,  with  four  combs  and  four  cutters,  is  only  .... 

It  is  the  greatest  sheep  shearing  machine  value  ever  offered! 

Get  one  from  your  dealer  or  send  $2  and  we  will  ship  C.O.D. 
for  the  balancn.  Remember,  if  you  are  not  thoroughly  pleased 
send  it  back  aed  get  your  money.  Write  todav  for  our  free  copyrighted  book  “in¬ 
structions  on  Sheep  Shearing”  by  the  leading  American  expert.  SEND  NOW.  ’ 

Chicago  Flexible  Shaft  Co.,  143  La  Salle  Av.  Chicago 


t  it  turns  easier  and  shears 

$1 1.50 


Which  One  Will  You  rf 
Tnst  on  Your  Farm 
for  Ninety  Days  ? 

Freight  Prepaid 

Which  will  yon  try.  30  Days’  Free  or  90  Days’  Ap¬ 
proval  Test? 

—Any  capacity  from  200  to  <)50  pounds  per  hour, 
according  to  your  needs,  and  I’ll  save  you  from  $25.00 
to  $50.00  on  the  price. 

— The  only  Separator  whose  gearing  runs  in  a  “Bath 
of  Oil”  like  a  S5.000  automobile— Feature  worth  S50.00  alone. 

Automatically  oils  itself — Pour  oil  at  the  top.oncc  a  month 
from  your  oil  jug  or  can — No  danger  of  running  dry.  or  mining 
it  like  others  —  No  oil  cups  to  remember  to  fill  or  turn  up  twice  a  day. 

Dust-proof  Danger-proof — Ail  gears  enclosed — simple  but 
standard  built  and  absolutely  dependable. 

GALLOWA  Y’S 


Only 

*2312 

and 
Up 


HIGH  GRADE  STANDARD  CREAM  SEPARATORS 

—Has  the  only  revolving  supply  tank— worth  $15.00  alone. 

Easiest  to  clean  and  the  few  parts  come  out  easy  and 
can  t  get  back  out  of  place. 

~Eas,e‘>t  to  nin— high  crank— low  tank.  With  no  high 
lifting  and  nc  back-breaking’*  cranking. 

£*ets.  finest  quality  cream  ami  all  of  it — no  lumps 
or  churning,  as  Nature’s  true  principle  is  followed  without 
forcing  either  the  milk  or  cream  the  wrong  way  up  or  down. 

“~Skims  closest  in  any  climate  or  season,  no  matter 
whether  your  milk  is  warm  or  cold. 

—Is  as  handsome  a  machine,  compact  and  substantial, 
as  you  ever  saw  or  could  find.  Beautiful  finish. 


— Let  me  send  you  my  Big  New  Sep¬ 
arator  Book — post  paid — Free,  so  you  and  your  wife  and 
the  boys  and  girls  can  talk  it  over  and  then  trv  one  of 
my  separators  under  my  easy  plan  for  you  to  do  it. 

You’ll  call  it  the  best  if  you  test  it  alongside  any  of  the 
highest  priced  $85.00  and  $110.00  separators  sold  by 
anybody  today — makers — catalog  houses— dealers — jobbers 
Of  anybody  else.  Write  me  today. 

Wm.  Galloway ,  Pres. 

WAV.  GALLOWAY  COMPANY 
_ BBS  GaUoway  St  a.,  Waterloo,  la. 


YOUNG  MEN  WANTED  to  learn 
VETERINARY  profession.  Catalogue 
free.  Grand  Rapids  Veterinary 
College,  Dep.  15,  Graml  Rapids,  Mich. 


|0R  LESS  GROWS 
10  TONS  CORN 
ENSILAGE  EQUAL 
[TO  4  TONS  OF 
BEST  HAY  YET 
BEATS  ITASFEED 

YOU  CARRY  ON  YOUR  BUILDINGS 
THAT  MAY  NEVER  BURN  DOWN 

FIRE  INSURANCE 

THE  K0T  DRY  WEATHER  THAT  BURNS  OUT 
YOUR  PASTURE  PRODUCES  CORN  AND  THE  SILO 
INSURES  YOU  AGAINST  BOTH  DROUTH  &  FROST 

H  Q  W  ? 

ask  KALAMAZOO  ™LKo co 

M  ICH  E  G)AN 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOR 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 
GUARANTEED  MONEY-SAVING 


strongest  built, simplest  to  put  up  and  easiest  operated 
on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take  uphoop— 
continuous  open-door  front — air-tight  door  and  per¬ 
manent  ladder  are  some  of  the  unusual  features.  Tk. 

Interaati-nal  Sll»  Cn..  It  5  JUin  LineaTiila.  a. 


THE  ROSS  SILO 


Tlio  only  thoroughly  manufactured 
Silo  on  the  market.  Full  length  stave. 
Continuous  door  frame  complete  with 
ladder.  Triple  beveled  silo  door  with 
hinges.  Equipped  witn  extra  heavy 
hoops  at  bottom. 

AIR  TIGHT 

Makes  winter  feed  equal  to  June 
grass.  THE  ROSS  will  more  than  pay 
for  itself  in  one  season.  Write  to¬ 
day  for  catalog  which  gives  facts  that 
will  savo  you  money.  Agents  wanted. 

Tlio  12.  W.  ltoss  Co.(Est.l850) 
Box  13  SrKISGFIEU).  OHIO 


Continuous-Opening,  Braced 
Door  -  Frame,  Permanent 
Ladder,  Interchangeable 
Doors,  Lightest  and 
Tightest  Doors. 
Strongest  Hoops, 
Best  Materials, 
Three  Styles,  Five 
kinds  of  Lum¬ 
ber,  a  hundred 
other  advan¬ 
tages.  All 
described 
in  our 
Cata¬ 
log. 


Our 
Silo 
Catalog 
contains 
the  latest 
Information 
about  Silos. 

We  invented 
the  Modern  Silo 
and  have  led  the 
way  in  improve¬ 
ments.  We  offer  the 
largest  variety  of 
styles  and  sizes.  Send 
for  our  catalog  of  Silos 
and  Silo  Fillers.  “The 
kind  Uncle  Sam  uses.’ 

Harder  mfg.  Company 

BOX  II  COBLESK1LL,  N.  Y. 


THE  UNADILLA  SILO 

Is  superior  to  any  other  offered. 
A  practical  Silo  for  a  sensible 
farmer.  Write  f  o  r  o  u  r 
“T  W E XT  Y-FI VE  RE  A  SONS” 
why  it  is  the  best. 

We  also  manufacture  Farm 
Water  Tubs  and  are  New  Eng¬ 
land  representatives  for  Papee 
Cutters  and  are  in  position  to 
quote  low  prices  upon  receipt  of 
;  inquiry.  Extra  discount  for 
early  orders.  Agents  wanted. 
THE  UNADILLA  SJL0  CO.,  Inc.,  Box  B,  UNADIL!  A,  N.  Y 


OUR  GUARANTY 

r  ._  TVe  gua  rantee  that  the 
PAPKC  will  cut  ami  elevate 
more  silage  than  any  uther 
,  cutter,  same  power  being 
used,  and  that  it  will  elevate 
^silage  50  feet  with  less  power 
p  .  _,than  any  other  cutter. 

PAPFf  PNEUMATIC 

ensilage  cutter 

Always  ready  for  business;  easy  to  set 
up  and  operate:  never  clogs.  Durably 
built  no  wood  to  twist  and  warp.  Write 

‘How  to  Prepare  Ensilage” 
-^ents  wanted  in  several 
localities,  attractive  proposition. 

Jo  Distributing  Points  in  U  S 

PAPEC  MACHINE  CO. 

Box  10  Shortsville,  N.  Y. 


486 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 

The  Mahanoy  Division  of  the  Erie  Rail¬ 
road  runs  through  a  farm  I  have  leased, 
and  on  March  10,  1910,  a  fire  was  set  from 
a  spark  from  one  of  their  engines,  burning 
over  about  two  acres  of  new  seeding.  I 
had  it  appraised  and  value  was  set  at  $6. 
If  you  can  collect  the  claim  will  be  glad 
to  pay  you  for  your  trouble.  u.  E.  M. 

Ohio. 

This  claim  was  referred  to  us  in 
February,  1911.  The  farmer  had  made 
repeated  efforts  for  nearly  a  year  to 
get  an  adjustment  with  no  result  what¬ 
ever.  We  took  it  up  with  the  railroad, 
and  in  five  weeks  had  check  for  $6  in 
full  settlement. 

Wc  shipped  W.  S.  Swain  &  Co.,  Koxlmry, 

Mass.,  a  car  of  No.  1  Timothy  hay  on 

January  2.  We  recently  got  the  returns 
and  they  claim  they  sold  it  at  from  $1.1.50 
to  $18  per  ton.  We  were  offered  $10.40  on 
track  here  by  a  New  York  man.  No.  1  hay 
was  selling  for  .$21  at  the  time  in  New 
York.  We  expected  to  get  more,  as  the  firm 
offered  to  handle  it  for  50  cents  a  ton  com¬ 
mission.  We  asked  them  to  furnish  the 
name  and  address  of  the  parties  to  whom 
they  sold  our  hay,  but  all  they  would  say 

was  to  thank  us  for  our  letter.  We  are 

out  about  .$50  on  the  transaction. 

New  York.  A.  F.  K. 

In  reply  to  our  inquiries  the  firm 
write  that  they  received  the  hay  and  sold 
it  to  the  best  of  their  ability;  that  the 
market  there  is  full  of  hay,  and  trade  is 
dull  and  prices  are  very  low.  Evi¬ 
dently  from  their  own  statement  Rox- 
bury  is  not  the  place  to  send  hay. 

I  inclose  stamped  envelope  and  ask  you 
to  give  me  advice  as  to  reliability  of  the 
Scranton  Correspondence  School  Stock  Com¬ 
pany.  Is  it  a  good  investment?  They  have 
an  agent  in  this  neighborhood.  n.  F.  u. 

Maryland. 

There  are  two  such  institutions  in 
Scranton,  Pa.  One  has  a  good  rating 
and  a  good  business  standing.  The 
other  has  been  the  subject  of  criticism 
by  the  Federal  Government  and  others. 
But  we  would  not  recommend  the  stock 
of  either  of  them  as  an  investment  for 
people  not  connected  with  the  institu¬ 
tions.  The  value  of  the  stock  of  such 
concerns  depends  entirely  on  the  man¬ 
agement.  No  matter  if  they  do  pay 
good  dividends  now,  the  management 
may  change  or  conditions  change  and 
results  be  entirely  different  later  on. 
Suppose  the  principal  of  your  public 
school  should  incorporate  himself  for 
$100,000  on  the  theory  that  his  salary 
is  $5,000  and  therefore  pays  five  per  cent 
on  the  capitalization.  How  much  of  the 
stock  would  you  take  at  par?  Don't 
you  see  that  he  could  pay  you  live  per 
cent  or  seven  per  cent  while  he  was 
selling  the  stock,  but  where  would  you 
come  in  when  the  stock  was  all  sold 
and  he  concluded  not  to  teach  school 
any  longer,  but  preferred  to  go  to 
Europe  on  the  $100,000  received  from 
you  and  others  for  stock? 

Imprisonment  in  the  Federal  prison  at 
Leavenworth.  Ivan.,  for  three  years  and  a 
fine  of  .$1,000  was  the  sentence  imposed 
March  24  upon  William  1*.  Harrison, 
wealthy  head  of  a  mail-order  concern,  by 
Judge  Hollister  in  the  United  States  Dis¬ 
trict  Court  at  • -Cincinnati.  Harrison  was 
found  guilty.  March  23  of  using  the  mails 
to  defraud;  conviction  coming  upon  all 
seven  counts  of  two  indictments,  alleging 
that  he  advertised  and  sold  through  the 
mails  a  vacuum  carpet  cleaner  and  a  wash¬ 
ing  machine,  neither  of  which  would  do  the 
work  required.  The  trial  lasted  more  than 
four  weeks  and  cost  the  Government  thou¬ 
sands  of  dollars  to  bring  witnesses  here 
from  all  parts  of  the  country. — Daily  Paper. 

The  result  was  worth  all  it  cost,  and 
more.  Mr.  Harrison  operated  under  the 
name  of  the  World  Mfg.  Co.  and  the 
Armstrong  Mfg.  Co.  The  R.  N.-Y.  re¬ 
fused  the  advertising  and  has  continually 
advised  its  people  of  the  nature  of  the 
proposition.  It  would  be  interesting  to 
know  what  apology  will  now  be  made 
by  the  farm  papers  and  others  which 
have  continued  to  carry  the  advertising 
of  this  concern  after  we  had  exposed 
its  methods.  We  would  especially  like 
to  hear  from  those  papers  that  go 
through  the  form  of  guaranteeing  their 
advertisers. 

Herbert  Myrick  is  reported  to  have 
sold  Good  Housekeeping  Magazine,  for¬ 
merly  published  at  Springfield,  Mass., 
to  W.  R.  Hearst,  of  New  York  City. 
The  company  under  which  the  magazine 
was  held  was  capitalized  for  $1,000,000, 
and  Mr.  Myrick  was  at  one  time  trying 
to  sell  the  stock  to  the  public  at  a  price 
20  per  cent  above  par.  The  Good  House¬ 
keeping  Co.  did  not  publish  the  magazine, 
but  rented  the  privilege  to  another  of 
the  Myrick  concerns.  This  arrangement 
afforded  a  means  of  paying  dividends 
out  of  the  rental  whether  the  magazine 
actually  earned  the  dividend  or  not.  It 
also  furnished  a  means  of  limiting  the 
dividends  in  case  the  earnings  of  the 
magazine  increased  to  unexpected  pro¬ 
portions.  Of  all  the  devices  that  have 
come  to  our  attention  for  the  sale  of 
corporate  stock  and  for  the  manipulation 
and  control  of  the  revenues  of  the  cor¬ 


THK  RURAL  NEW'-YORKER 


April  8, 


porate  companies,  this  arrangement  ln- 
Mr.  Myrick  seemed  to  us  the  slickest 
and  the  most  satisfactory — for  the  pro¬ 
moter  of  the  enterprise.  Full  details 
of  the  liquidating  account  ought  to  be 
illuminating  to  the  stockholders.  Stock¬ 
holders  in  a  million-dollar  concern, 
whose  stock  was  sold  at  20  per  cent 
above  par,  ought  to  know  .just  what  its 
total  assets  sold  for.  The  experience 
would  be  valuable  to  them  when 
tempted  with  other  stock  purchases. 

Post  office  inspectors  went  yesterday  to 
No  225  Fifth  avenue,  whore  the  old  linn 
of  A.  L.  Wisner  &  Go.,  was  doing  business  \ 
under  the  name  the  Standard  Sureties  Com¬ 
pany,  and  placed  A.  L.  Wisner,  E.  S.  W  n- 
ner'and  Grover  S.  Trumbull  under  arrest  on 
a  charge  of  using  the  mails  to  defraud. 
They  were  held  in  .$7,500.  $5,000  and  $1,500 
respectively.  None-  of  the  prisoners  ob- 
tained  bail  and  all  were  locked  up  in  the 
Tombs.  Several  thousand  dollars,  the  har¬ 
vest  of  the  morning  mail,  was  found  upon 
the  desk  of  the  promoter.  Chief  Post  Office 
Inspector  Warren  W.  Dickson  says  that  the 
Government  believes  the  brokers  have  ob¬ 
tained  at  least  $2,000,000  from  the  public 
by  the  sale  of  fraudulent  securities.  At  the 
offices  of  the  company  the  most  extensive 
“Sucker  List"  known  to  the  Government 
detectives  was  discovered.  It  contained 
about  120,000  names  and  was  divided  into 
a  graduated  list  of  persons  who  would  send 
money  more  or  less  quickly  in  response  to 
letters  and  prospectuses  of  mines  and  oil 
wells.  One  list  was  headed  “Special,”  an¬ 
other  was  headed  “Good”  and  another 
••Fair.”  One  list  was  marked  “Worth  Try¬ 
ing." — Daily  Paper. 

We  have  had  many  inquiries  about 
the  Wisners  and  recently  about  the 
Standard  Sureties  Company  and  the 
stocks  they  were  promoting.  It  is  said 
there  were  33  of  these  companies,  and 
some  of  them  were  the  usual  lading 
companies  to  confuse  investors  and  be¬ 
fog  investigators.  The  sucker  list  is  the 
most  important  asset  of  such  concerns, 
and  this  one  seemed  to  have  a  first- 
class  list.  These  lists  account  for  the 
large  collection  of  gold  bricks  in  the 
possession  of  some  people.  1  hey  are 
not  all  country  people.  The  cities  con¬ 
tribute  their  full  share,  but  we  would 
like  to  make  our  people  immune  to  such 
schemes.  The  Post  Office  Department 
is  doing  excellent  work  on  this  line,  and 
the  inspectors  deserve  the  support  and 
cooperation  of  all  who  wish  to  keep  the 
U.  S.  mails  free  from  schemes  to  de¬ 
fraud. 

Last  week  you  read  what  the  Rev. 
Air.  York  said  of  the  way  E.  G.  Lewis 
treated  him  after  getting  his  money. 
You  have  read  other  cases  of  the  same 
kind  during  the  past  year  or  two.  _  You 
probably  saw  the  point  in  Mr,  York’s 
story.  The  money  was  first  secured  on 
notes  issued  against  a  mortgage  on  real 
estate.  Then  when  the  money  was  in 
hand  you  noted  the  efforts  to  change  the 
mortgage  notes  for  practically  worth¬ 
less  debenture  notes.  It  is  a  familiar 
promoter  trick,  and  it  is  in  defense 
of  such  practices  as  this  that  Mr.  Lewis 
is  asking  his  confiding  dupes  to  appeal 
to  Government  officials.  One  would 
think  to  hear  him  that  taking  money 
from  inexperienced  people  was  a  per¬ 
sonal  right  and  a  public  virtue.  Just 
think  of  the  audacity  of  the  man  to 
make  a  public  appeal  for  such  a  privi¬ 
lege.  Of  course  officials  charged  with 
the  enforcement  of  the  law  are  tyrants 
to  interfere  with  such  a  privilege ;  but 
it  is  rather  unusual  for  the  victims  of 
a  scheme  to  protest  against  measures  for 
their  own  relief  and  protection.  The 
time  has  come  when  honest  people 
should  take  a  hand  in  the  treatment  of 
these  schemers.  If  you  do  not  want 
your  United  States  mail  service  used  as 
it  was  used  to  get  Rev.  Mr.  York’s 
money,  write  Hon.  Frank  H.  Hitchcock, 
Postmaster  General,  Washington,  D.  C., 
and  tell  him  so.  If  you  want  such  trans¬ 
actions  investigated,  write  Hon.  George 
W.  Wickersham,  Attorney  General, 
Washington,  D.  C.,  and  tell  him  you 
approve  of  his  efforts  to  do  his  duty  in 
this  case  and  in  others  like  it.  If  Lewis 
got  your  money,  tell  these  officials  just 
when  and  by  what  means  he  got  it.  If 
he  got  no  money  from  you,  you  can 
ask  them  to  protect  and  help  those  less 
fortunate  than  yourself.  This  is  the  time 
to  lick  a  postage  stamp. 

A  friend,  contrary  to  my  wishes,  had 
your  paper  sent  to  me  for  10  weeks.  I  take 
two  farm  papers  and  thought  that  enough. 
Wishing  to  get  knowledge  on  a  certain  point 
I  have  gone  over  the  files  of  the  three  pa¬ 
pers  with  some  care.  The  inclosed  $1  is 
the  result.  Your  paper  furnished  more  of 
value  on  the  subject  I  was  studying  and  on 
others  I  was  interested  in.  Please  enter  me 
as  a  subscriber.  d.  h.  o. 

New  York. 


and  over  again  that  such  subscriptions 
do  not  pay  because  their  10-week  sub¬ 
scribers  do  not  renew.  They  pay  The 
R.  N.-Y.  simply  because  the  subscriber 
does  renew.  Send  them  right  along. 

_  J-  J-  d. 

For  Every  Living  Thing  on  the  Farm 

Humphreys’  Veterinary  Manual  gives 
more  valuable  information  on  diseases, 
treatment  and  care  of  farm  animals — 
Horses,  Cattle,  Sheep,  Dogs,  Hogs  ar.d 
Poultry — by  the  use  of  Humphrey’s  Vet¬ 
erinary  Specifics  than  any  book  published 
at  any  price — and  it  is  yours  if  you  are 
a  stock  owner,  for  the  asking.  Write  to¬ 
day.  Humphrey’s  Homeo.  Medicine  Co., 
77  Ann  St.,  New  York.— Adv. 


WE -SAVE  YOU  $5  T03S7 

On  Your  Incubator  and  Brooder 

Before  you  pay  any  price  to  any¬ 
body,  write  us  quick  for  our  start¬ 
ling  offer  on  highest  quality  ma¬ 
chines  made.  A  real  hatcher  and 
brooder  at  a  price  that  makes  this 
the  'biggest  genuine  bargain  of 
the  year.  BEST  RESULTS  a:.d  BIGGEST 
PROFITS  for  ownero.  Wait  till  you  get  our 
book  and  price  before  you  buy. '  ^  AddrcflB 
jnTe<UnitedJ^ctorie^^o.^Dpj)t^^V 


Sara  POULTRY  SUPPLIES 

Everything  for  the  poultryman  at  low  prices;  Auto, 
matic  Feeders,  Hull  Mammoth  and  Model  Incuba 
tors.  Feed,  Remedies,  Hen-e-ta,  Rat  Corn,  Liverine^ 
LegBands,etc.  Prompt  shipments.  Write  for  catalog’ 

HARRIES  &,  BENEDICT  GO.  e7 1™°^ 5t! 
MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1844 

R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  GO.,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 


THE  BEST  S.  C.  REDS 

.  .  .  ARE  .  .  . 

DAVIS’  200  EGG  STRAIN 

Cf*  AC  Utility . $1  per  13;  $G  per  100 

kUUw  Special  Matings  ...  $2  per  13;  $10  per  101) 

— — -  Prize  Matings  ....  $5  per  13;  Mammoth 

Hot  Water  Incubator  Baby  Clucks  ....  $15  per  100 
Book  Orders  Note  Circular  Free 

DAVIS  POULTRY  FARM,  lierlin,  Mass. 


HONE’S  "BRED  TO  LAY”  R.  C.  REDS  and  MAMMOTH 
BRONZE  TURKEYS  win  at  Schenectady,  1911,  1st  and 

3rd  lien;  2nd  and  3rd  pullet;  2nd  and  3rd  cock¬ 
erel;  1st  Bronze  Tom,  and  3rd  pullet.  A  prize  for 
every  bird  exhibited.  Eggs  from  choice  matings 
at  reasonable  prices.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  I).  K. 
HONE,  Crescent  Hill  Farm,  Sharon  Springs,  N.  Y. 


Eggs  For  HatcliinrTsiami 

Indian  Runner  Ducks.  High-class  stock- 
utility.  show  or  export.  SINCLAIR  SMITH,  602 
Fifth  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


Van  Alstyne’s  Rhode  Island  Reds 

10  Utility  Cockerels  at  $3.00  each;  100  S.  C.  Year¬ 
ling  Hens  at  $2.00  each;  50  S.  C.  surplus  Pullets  at 
$2.50  each.  Eggs  for  hatching  in  any  number.  • 

JAS.  E.  VAN  ALSTYNE,  Kinderhook,  N.Y. 


FARM  BRED  POULTRY-FREE  RANGE 


Partridge  Cochins,  White  Rocks,  Barred 
Bocks.  Partridge  Wyandottes.  Prize  win¬ 
ning  strains.  Send  for  egg  list. 

MINCH  BROS.,  11-3,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 


White  Wyandottes' 


-Utility,  great  lay¬ 
ing  strain.  Free 

range.  Eggs:  $5.00  per  100,  $1.00  for  15. 

C.  H.  FOGG,  R.  F.  D.  No.  3,  Bridgeton,  N.  J.  ’ 


S.  C.  White  Leghorn  BABY  CHICKS 

$10  per  100  in  any  quantity.  Breeders  are  vigorous 
yearlings  and  2-year-olds.  Circular.  VANCREST 
P.OULTRY  FARM,  .Salt  Point,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y. 


S.C.  RHODE  ISLAND  REDS  IS&S f|uASfe 

At  The  Horseshoe  Road  Poultry  Farm  pj.fees.  Address 
WM.  R.  BURKHOLDER,  -:-  Box  152,  R.  5,  Lancaster,  Pa. 


REDS  EXCLUSIVELY 


Eggs  from  Handsome  Dark  Matings,  $2.00  for  13; 
$8.00  per  100.  From  Utility  Heavy  Layers,  $1-00  for 
13;  $4.50  per  100. 

O  A’  K  R  1,  O  O  K  P  O  11  L  T  11  Y  F  A  li  M 
Tel.  59-4  Foxboro,  Mass: 


Sp  IM  LEGHORN  EGGS  for  hatching.  Good  laying 

i  u  i  VV  ■  strain,  $1  per  15,  $5  per  100.  Also  Baby 
Chicks.  GEO.  LUNDGREEN,  Wyoming,  Del. 


RC.  B.  MINORCAS;  great  layers;  eggs,  $1.00 
•  for  15.  GEO.  BOWDISH,  Esperance,  N.  Y. 


Dill  I  ETC— S.  C.  W.  LEGHORNS— Booking  orders 
r  U  LLk  I  O  future  delivery.  Hatching  eggs  from 
vigorous  birds  for  prompt  shipment.  Limited 
number  choice  breeders.  Lakewood  and  Youngs 
strains.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington,  N.  J. 


D  n  1 1 1  TDVRA  CM- Send  10  cents  for  our  fine  GO- 
I  U  U  L  I  ll  I  lYI  L™  page  Illustrated  Catalogue. 
HAST  DONEGAL  POULT  Hi7  YARDS,  Marietta, Pa. 

EfHS  QAI  C— S.  C.  White  Leghorns  (Young’s 
rUn  vKLX  Strain)  eggs  for  hatching, $5  per  100, 
$40  per  1000.  L.  MOORE,  Route  1,  Ellcnville,  N.  Y. 


CnfiQ-HARRED  ROCKS;  S.  C.  REDS;  large, 
CUUO  vigorous  layers;  $1.00  for  15.  $5.00  per  100, 

J.  R.  ELLIS  :  :  :  :  Pulaski,  N.  Y. 


We  print  the  above  as  an  encourage¬ 
ment  lj>  our  good  friends  who  send  the 
10-week  orders  for  their  friends.  We 
receive  hundreds  of  them  in  one  form 
of  expression  or  another.  The  R.  N.-Y. 
is  the  only  legitimate  paper  that  has 
ever  made  a  success  of  10-week  sub¬ 
scriptions.  Other  publishers  report  over 


PHII!  TDV-35  Best  Breeds.  Bred  for  Laying. 
lllULI  II  I  Large  circular  illustrated  in  colors 
Free.  JOHN  E.  HEATWOLE,  Harrisonburg,  Va. 


Of)  K(i(JS  $1. oo — Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
L  U  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  f i  ce.  Barge  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WIDE,  Telford,  Pa. 


Buff  Wh.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  S.  C.  K  i  lled. 
Eggs.  99c.  per  15,  $1.50  per  30.  $2.75  per  GO,  $4  per  109. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  Pa. 


RICHLAND  FARMS. 

•  Breeders  and  Exhibitors  of 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS, 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS, 

S,  C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS. 
Our  Prices  Hatching  Eggs— S.  C.  White  Leghorns— One 
setting,  15  eggs,  $2;  two  settings,  30  eggs,  $3.50; 
three  settings,  45  eggs,  $4.75;  one  hundred  eggs,  $8; 
one  thousand  eggs,  $70.  White  Plymouth  Rocks  and  S.  C. 
Black  Orpingtons— One  setting,  15  eggs,  $2.50  and  $5; 
one  hundred  eggs,  $14  and  $28.  Fertility  Guaranteed. 

Our  Prices  Baby  Chicks— S.  C.  White  Leghorns— Fifty  or 
less,  each,  20  cents;  one  hundred,  $15:  one  thousand, 
$125.  White  Plymouth  Rocks  and  S.  C.  Black  Orpingtons— 
Fifty  or  less,  each,  30  cents;  one  hundred,  $25,  We 
guarantee  safe  arrival  of  CHICKS  in  first-class 
condition. 

RICHLAND  FARMS,  Frederick,  Md. 

Bonnie  Brae  Whi 
and  Pekin 

ready;  also  some  choice  matings  of  Barred  and 
White  Plymouth  Rocks,  Rose  Comb  White  Leg¬ 
horns,  White  Wyandottes,  Single  and  Rose  Comb 
Rhode  Island  Reds,  Light  Brahmas,  Mammoth 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Pearl  Guinea  Fowl.  Orders 
for  early  settings  and  baby  chicks  now  booked. 
Get  some  prize  matings  at  right  prices.  BONNIE 
BRAE  POULTRY  FARM,  NEW  ROCHELLE,  N  Y.  Largest 
successful  plant  in  New  York  vicinity.  10,000-egg 
capacity.  Agents  for  Cyphers  Incubator  Company. 
Correspondence  invited. 


I  I  Off  ARE  BETTER 
!  than  ever, 

rs  |  Eggs  from  our 

Ducks  h®av.y  iaying 

strains  now 


LAKEHILL  FARM 

W. H. THACHEK. 

Single  and  Bose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W.  P.  Bocks 
and  Imp.  Pekin  Ducks.  Cockerels  and  Ducks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  in  any  quantity  from  $.’  up. 
Chicks,  $15  per  loo.  Ducklings,  $25  per  190.  Write 
for  special  prices  in  large  lots.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  of  hatching  eggs  and  day  old  chicks 
and  ducklings.  Safe  delivery  and  satisfaction 
guaranteed.  CABLW.  LLOYD,  Mgr., 

Hillside,  Westchester  County,  N.  Y. 


MT.  PLEASANT  FARM 

A  b  reeding  establishment  of  250  acres, 
devoted  to  developing  tho  best 

S.  c.  W.  XjEGHOUTNTS 

Fine  Breeding  Cockerels  at  reasonable  prices. 

MT.  PLEASANT  FARM,  Box  Y,  HAVRE  BE  GRACE,  Maryland. 


EMPIRE  STATE  S.  C,  WHITE  LFGHORNS 

Winners  at  N.  Y.  State  Fair.  Heavy  layers;  trios. 
$5.  Eggs  for  hatching,  $1  for  15,  $5  for  100.  Cata¬ 
logue  tree.  C.  H.  ZIMMER,  Wkedsport,  N.  Y. 


EiTiVWi;  S.  C.  W.  LEGHORN 

Breeding  Hens  at  lowptice  to  make  room.  Also 
promising  Cockerels  cheap  in  quantities.  Also  H  I. 
Beds.  Eggs  for  hatching.  St.  Moritz  Farm,  Ramsey,  N.J. 


India  Runner  Ducks.  S.  C.  White  Leghorns 

Eggs  for  Hatching.  Send  for  Circular. 

F.  J.  FULLER,  Waterport,  Orleans  County,  New  York 


CHICKS  Baby  CHICKS 

S  C.  WHITE  LEGHORN  CHICKS  of  Standard  Quality. 

We  guarantee  chicks  to  be  hatched  from  eggs  laid 
by  our  own  breeders  and  shipped  only  when  day-old. 

We  Can  Please  You.  We  Will  Please  You. 

Mammoth  Hot  Water  Incubator  having  a  capa¬ 
city  of  10,200  eggs. 

Have  Your  Orders  Booked.  Circular  Free. 

SPRING  WATER  POULTRY  FARM,  Stockton,  New  Jersey. 


1 1 T 1 1  ITY  RRFFfK-Mou  ntain  air,  open-front 
UIILII  I  DilLLUO  house  stock  eggs  for  hatch¬ 
ing.  Black  Orpington  or  R.  J.  Beds,  $2.00  per  15. 
White  Wyandottes  or  B.P,  Rocks.  $1.50  per  15.  It.  I. 
Red  Cockerels,  Angora  Goats  and  Kids  for  sale. 
SH0H0LA  FRUIT  AND  POULTRY  FARM  .  .  Shohola,  Pa. 


Elovexs.  First  Friases 

At  leading  Poultry  Shows,  Indian  Banner  Ducks  and 
Rouen  Ducks.  Madison  Square  Garden  Winners  our  Rose- 
comb  Black  Minoreas  won  Silver  Cup  at  Paterson,  and 
Barred  Plymouth  Rocks.  All  eggs  $2.00  per  15,  $3.50  per  30, 
$8  per  100.  Also  pure  bred  Angora  Goats  and  Collie  Dogs, 
$10  and  up.  CLARK  FARM,  BOONTON,  N.  .J. 


The  Big  White  Egg  Makers 

Rose  Comb  Black  Minoreas,  Indian  Runner  Ducks. 

The  Big  White  Birds 

Crystal  White  Orpingtons— Utilities,  Beauties. 
Year  round  layers.  Eggs  for  hatching.  Circular 
free.  F.  N.  ADAMS,  Route  1,  Orwell,  Ohio. 


SNOW  WHITE  WYANDOTTE  EGGS  for  hatching,  $1  per  15, 

$5  per  100.  A  few  good  Cockerels.  Circular  free. 
GOLDENROI)  FARM,  Dept.  R,  Stewartstown,  Pa. 


Greider’s  Fine  Catalogue 

of  pure  bred  poultry,  for  1911,  over  200 
pages,  57  colored  pictures  of  fowls,  calen¬ 
dar  for  each  month,  illustrations,  descrip¬ 
tions,  photos,  incubators,  brooders,  and 
all  details  concerning  the  business,  where 
and  how  to  buy  fine  poultry,  eggs  for 
hatching,  supplies,  etc.,  at  lowest  cost. 
Send  15c.  B.  H.  Greider,  Box  58 ,  P.HEEMS,  P*. 


EGGS 


from  high  record  W.  P.  Rock 
Hens,  $2  for  15,  $5  for  45. 

A.  S.  BRIAN,  Mt.  Kisco,  N.  Y. 


PRIZE  WINNING  STRAINS 


|  Barred  Rocks, 
■  White  Wyan- 
dottos,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  both  combs,  Single 
Comb  White  and  Brown  Leghorns,  eggs  $1.50,  15; 
$7.00,  100.  Light  and  Dark  Brahmas,  $2.00,  15.  Cat¬ 
alog  gratis.  F.  M.  PRESCOTT,  Riverdale,  N.  J. 


CCCO — Guaranteed  fertile;  from  range  -  grown 
Ll>  UO  stock  that  pay  large  piofits  at  the  egg  basket 

MAPLE  COVE  POULTRY  FARM  .  .  R,  D.  24,  Athens,  Pa. 

EGGS  FOR  SALE-Sr ,?••*, 

$4.00  per  hundred.  CHAS.  I.  MILLER,  R.  F.  D. 
No.  1.  Hudson,  N.  Y. 


THE  FARMER’S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Rods,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  TIIOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 


DUFF  WYANDOTTES,  heavy  laying  strain, 
■*-'  $1.25  and  $2.00  per  set  of  15;  also  Single.  Comb 
White  Leghorns  at  $1 .00  per  set  of  15.  Also  for  ex¬ 
change.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Nursery  Ave. .Woonsocket,  R.  I. 


EGGS — $1  per  15,  $2  per  -10  of  Thor.  Brahma* 1'.  Hocks,  Wysn- 
doiies,  Keels,  Minoreas,  lloiidans,  Leghorns,  llamburgs;  19  vor., 
28  years’ experience.  Catalogue.  8.  K.  Mohr,  Cooporsburg,  Ba. 


THOROUGH-BRED  POULTRY— Best  twenty  varieties, 
Good  stock.  Eggs,  15,  $1;  40,  $2.  Catalogue. 
H.  K.  MOHR,  Quakertown,  Pa.,  Route  3. 


WRIGHT’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTE  WINNERS-Eggs,  $4.50 
for  100.  Baby  Cliix,  $12.50  for  100;  $7.00foro0. 
GRAND  VIEW  FARM,  Stanfordville,  N.  Y. 


GIANT  BRONZE 


TURKEY  EGGS,  $3.00  per 
10;  Rose’  C’omh  R.  I.  Red 
Eggs,  $1.00  per  15;  Indian  Runner  Duck  Eggs.  $1.00 
per  i0.  SHROPSHIRE  SHEEP. 

II.  J.  VAN  DYKE,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 


911 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


-4«7 


CONTENTS 


Tiib  Rural  New  Yorker,  April  8,  1911. 


FARM  TOPICS. 

Co-operative  Marketing  . 457,  458 

Work  of  a  Steam  Traction  Engine....  459 

Some  Corn-testing  Experience .  462 

Likes  the  Manure  Spreader .  402 

Planting  Onion  Sets .  462 

Corn  Planting  in  New  England.  . .  462 

Land  in  Maryland .  462 

Questions  About  Tile  Drainage .  463 

A  “Living”  on  a  Farm .  463 

The  Potato  Market  and  Quality .  464 

Corn  in  Checks  or  Hills .  464 

Rape  for  Summer  Silage .  465 

“Trap  Crops”  for  the  Flea  Beetle .  465 

Short  Rotation  with  Vetch .  465 

Silo  on  Rented  .  Farm .  466 

Tenant  System  in  Texas .  466 

Value  of  Tomato  Waste .  467 

A  Campaign  Against  “Startling  Devel¬ 
opments”  .  467 

Ilanover  Farmers’  Club .  468 

Powder  Refuse  .  469 

An  Alfalfa  Sermon  .  469 

Hope  Farm  Notes .  470 

Alfalfa  in  Corn .  471 

The  Potato  Outlook .  473 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

An  Unprofitable  Cow .  45S 

Spray  Mixture  on  Hog  Pasture .  464 

Is  Any  Horse  Worth  .$2,400? .  466 

Orchard  Hens  in  Mexico .  468 

Line-breeding  in  Poultry .  478 

Tuberculin  Test  .  478 

Pampering  Farm  Animals .  478 

Oats  and  Rye  in  Milk  Ration .  479 

A  Maine  Milk  Ration .  479 

Cow  Ration;  Horse  Out  of  Condition..  479 

A  Balanced  Milk  Ration .  479 

A  Well-Balanced  Ration .  479 

That  Hen  Contest .  480 

Some  Hen  Figures  Analyzed .  480 

A  Hen  Man  Come  to  Judgment .  480 

Cosgrove  on  Hen  Feeding .  481 

Disinfecting  After  Roup  or  Cholera....  481 

Cement  Foundation  for  Henhouse .  4S1 

Indian  Runner  Ducks .  482 

Treatment  of  Iloudans .  482 

Incubators  and  Insurance .  4S2 

Milk  .  483 

Sanitary  Milk  Pails .  483 

Wild  Onions  and  Milk .  483 

An  “Oleo”  Senator . 483 

A  Gloomy  Milk  View .  483 

An  Interested  Partv .  483 

Blind  Teat  .  483 

Suggestions  for  a  Iloghouse .  484 

IIolstein-Friesians  .  484 

What  Kind  of  Silage  Corn? .  484 

HORTICULTURE. 


A  Cider  Trap  for  Codling  Moth .  458 

The  Cull  in  the  Package .  458 

Do  Apple  Orchards  Pay? .  458 

Making  Baldwin  Trees  Bear  Yearly. .  . .  458 

Bamboo  at  Culebra .  458 

Grafting  Persimmons .  460 

Knotty  Fruit  on  Pears .  460 

Training  Up  Vines .  461 

Vegetables  and  the  Boy .  462 

Trouble  With  Raspberries .  463 

Lime-Sulphur  and  Lead  Arsenate .  464 

Ben  Davis ‘Points  a  Moral .  464 

Birds  Eat  Chestnut  Bloom .  464 

Homemade  Lime  and  Sulphur .  465 

Applying  Fertilizer  to  Orchard .  465 

Questions  About  Spraying .  466 

Handling  Chance  Apple  Seedlings .  467 

Ground  Bone  or  Acid  Phosphate .  467 

A  Light- Fruit  Ladder .  469 

Investing  in  an  Orchard .  469 

Flower  Garden  Enemies .  471 

Apples  for  Maryland .  471 

Spraying  in  a  Small  Way .  471 

Fruit  Notes  . 473 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day .  474 

Some  Codfish  Recipes .  474 

Creole  Hamburg  Steak .  474 

Crullers  and  Doughnuts .  474 

Ba.vberry  Candles  .  475 

The  Rural  Patterns  . 475 

.More  About  Poison  Ivy .  475 

The  Bookshelf .  475 

Some  Bird  Literature .  476 

My  Garden  Mistakes .  476 

A  Batch  of  Pancakes .  476 

Charity  Sweetheart’s  Letter .  477 

A  Word  for  the  Rag  Carpet .  477 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

The  Gamble  of  Unclaimed  Packages. . .  .  460 

Bracing  End  and  Corner  Posts .  461 

Cinders  and  Fence  Wire .  464 

Trouble  with  Cement  Cistern .  465 

Products.  Prices  and  Trade .  468 

Editorials  .  472 

Events  of  the  Week .  473 

Publisher’s  Desk .  486 


MARKETS. 

(  Continued  from  page  485.) 
COTTON 


New  York,  Middling  Upland .  14.55 

Middling  Gulf .  14.80 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  14. UO 

Good  Middling .  15.00 


WOOL 

Great  interest  is  being  taken  in  the  Lon¬ 
don  wool  auctions  now  being  held.  Bidding 
has  been  very  active  and  prices  strong  on 
good  wools,  scoured  merino  having  sold  up 
to  t>0  cents  for  use  on  the  Continent.  Some 
greasy  wool  brought  29  cents.  Business  in 
the  United  States  is  at  a  standstill,  owing 
to  the  uncertainty  as  to  what  the  new 
i  ongress  will  do  with  schedule  K. 


NewYork  Fleeces,  Delaine,  unwashed. . 

Ohio  half  blood  combing . 

Kentucky,  three-eighths  blood . 

Michigan,  half  blood . 


24  ® 
.27  ® 
.27  ® 
•2tSJ6@ 


.26 

.28 

27.)4 

.27 


TOBACCO. 


Conn.  broadieaf-UUer . 

Fine  wrppers . 

N.  Y.  State  Fillers . 

Fine  and  Selections . 

Ohio,  Zimmer  s  Spanish . 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 

Dark  Leaf . . 

Bright  Cutters . 


.08  ®  .10 
.50  @  .00 
.05  @  .06 
.12  @  .16 
.19  @  .20 
.07  <§>  .093* 
.10  ®  .20 
.12  ®  .30 


Ieacher:  “Does  your  ma  brush  your 
hair  like  that?”  Tommy;  “No’m.” 
Teacher:  “Who  does,  then?”  Tommy: 

I  fell  down  on  de  way  to  school  an’ 
de  street  sweeper  ran  over  me.” — Chi¬ 
cago  Daily  News. 


Heaves. 

I  have  a  horse  that  is  quite  aged  and  is 
run  down  in  flesh  ;  also  has  a  light  attack 
of  heaves,  but  is  a  good  worker.  I  have 
clipped  him  and  had  his  teeth  put  in  order. 
Is  the  following  recipe  good  to  build  him 
up,  with  the  liberal  use  of  grain?  Sulphur, 
six  ounces ;  gentian  root,  sassafras,  bark  of 
the  root ;  elecampane  root,  ginger  root,  salt¬ 
peter  and  rosin,  each  two  ounces;  digitalis 
leaves,  buehu  leaves,  blood  root,  skunk  cab¬ 
bage  root,  cream  of  tartar,  epsom  salts, 
black  antimony,  fenugreek  seed,  carbonate 
of  iron,  each  one  ounce.  F.  w.  s. 

Pennsylvania. 

The  combination  mentioned  is  absurd  in 
the  extreme.  No  horse  should  be  turned 
into  a  drug  receptacle.  A  big  dose  of  fine 
shot  spreads  wide,  and  so  is  good  for 
snipe  shooting,  but  a  shotgun  prescription 
containing  about  everything  one  could  think 
of  does  not  necessarily  hit  the  spot  when  a 
horse  is  sick.  Give  the  horse  a  half  ounce 
dose  of  Fowler’s  solution  of  arsenic  night 
and  morning,  and  we  think  he  will  be  great¬ 
ly  benefited  ;  but  heaves  is  incurable. 

A.  S.  A. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Royal  Dollar  Brooder 

Fireless  Liceless 

Economy,  quality  and  all 
standard  features  that  make 
the  Fireless  Brooder  popular. 

||A  50  Chick  Size 

>1=  Delivered 

Order  through  dealer  or 
send  us  §1.00  for  prompt 
prepaid  shipment.  Book¬ 
let  free. 

ROYAL  BROODER  CO. 

28  Opera  PI.,  Cincinnati,  0. 


125  Egg  Incubator 


and  Brooder  B<£Jr 

I  If  ordered  together  we  send, _ 

‘both  for  $10.  Freight /Cr 
1  paid  east  of  Rockies.  Hot 
water,  copper  tanks,  double  walls, 
double  glass  doors.  Free  catalog 
describes  them.  Send  for  it  today. 

Wsconsin  Incubator  Co.f 

Box  118,  r  Racine,  Wis. 


Big  News  For  Incubator  Buyers 

Famous  Belle  City  Incubator  wins 
t,Tycos’ ’  cup  contest  over  machines 
costing  2  to  S  times  more — making 
it  the  Double  World’s  Champion. 

Order  Now — from  t  his  ad—  to  get  in 
champion  class  quick.  See  below . 
V.  Rohan,  Pres.  Belle  City  Incubator  Co. 

•55  Buys  Best 

140-Egg  Incubator 

Double  cases  all  over ;  best  copper 
tank;  nursery,  self-regulating. 
Best  HO-chiek  hot-water  brooder, 
$4.85.  Both  ordered  together, 

$11.50.  Freight  prepaid  (£.  of 
Rockies). 

No  machines 
at  any  price 


Wo  ahtp 
(/quick  from 
8t-  Paul,  Buflalo,[, 
Karma  City  or 
lUcino, 


ere  better.  Satisfaction  guar 
antecd.  Write  for  book  today 
or  send  price  now  and  save  time. 

llelle  City  Incubator  Company,  Box  48 


Racine,  Wiicuao 


RUNNING  WATER 

WHEN  AND  WHERE  YOU  WANT  IT 

Water  pumped  day  and  night  automatically 
from  nearby  stream,  pond  or  spring.  No 
expense  ;  no  attention  ;  no  repairs.  A 

FOSTER  KSV  RAM  SJ7.S! 

high  in  efficiency.  No 
or  expense  to  main¬ 
tain.  Write  us  for  Free  Book 
of  helpful  suggestions. 

POWER  SPECIALTY  COMPANY 


111  Broadway,  NewYork 


S 


A  WONDERFUL  FARM  TOOL 


CLARK’S  DOUBLE  ACTION  CULTI¬ 

VATOR  AND  HAR¬ 
ROW.  The  most  won¬ 
derful  farm  tool  ever  in¬ 
vented.  Two  harrows 
in  one.  Throws  the  dirt 
then  in,  leaving  the 
land  level  and  true.  A 
labor  saver,  a  time  saver, 
a  crop  maker.  Perfect  centre  draft.  Jointed  pole. 
Beware  of  imitations  and  infringements.  Send  today 
lot  FREE  Booklet,  “  Intensive  Cultivation.” 


CUTAWAY  HARROW  CO. 

839  Main  St.,  Higganum,  Conn. 


WantPfhWorki’1K  Foreman  on  Stock  Farm,  eapa* 
If  uiiigu  ijio  of  taking  care  of  purebred  Holstein- 
Friesian  cattle,  preparing  them  for  tests,  etc.  51  ust 
be  experienced  and  practical  farmer,  able  to  handle 
help  and  get  results,  and  to  keep  stock  and  farm  in 
first-class  condition,  Only  men  who  have  experience 
and  reference  and  who  are  willing  to  work  will 
please  reply  to  B.  S.  F.,  care  of  Rural  New-Yorker, 
409  Pearl  Street,  New  York  City. 


iyf  AN  OF  GOOD  HABITS  wants  work  on  poultry 
LTJ  farm,  to  learn  business;  any  offer  acceptable. 
THOMPSON,  211  Lexington  Ave.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


Hothouse  Lambs. 

Calves,  Poultry,  Fancy  Eggs,  Hothouse  Products, 
Fruits,  Vegetables.  Top  prices  secured  for  choice 
goods.  Correspondence  solicited. 

Archdeacon  &  Co.,  100  Murray  St.,  N.Y. 


BUFF  ORPINGTON  DUCKS,  twice  won  the  Australian 
laying  contests.  Three  years  unbeaten  show  record. 
List  furnished.  Dunrobin  Farm,  Chatham.  New  Jersey! 


INOCULATED  ALFALFA  SOIL 

75  cents  per  hundred,  $10.00  per  ton.  F.  O.  B.  Ash- 
ville,  Pa.  Send  for  FREE  booklet  “  How  to  Grow 
Alfalfa.”  Dr.  H.  S05IERVILLE,  Chest  Springs, 
Cambria  County,  Pa. 


As  they  some¬ 
times  are. 


AS  “  S A VE-THE-II OKSi:  ” 
can  make  them. 


MAKES  HIM  GLAD  AND  PROUD 


And  his  words  nre  right  from  his  heart,  for  a  valuable  horse  was  In  the  balance  and  he  had  spent  four 

years  treating  with  other  things. 

Reading,  Pa.— I  want  the  pleasure  of  writing  you  a  few  lines.  I  must  say  that  you  have  the  best  remedy  on  tho  market  to-dav 
and  for  puco  it  is  not  a  penny  too  much  considormgtho  merit  it  has.  I  do  not  know  how  to  express  my  glad  feelings  for  you  aniL 
the  liniment,  as  it  saved  me  about  $400  on  my  horse,  which  I  had  treated  with  a  dozen  different  remedies  and  by  two  of  tho  best 
veterinarians,  who  pronounced  tho  horse  incurable.  All  ask  what  I  did,  as  he  is  going  sound,  and  the  first  time  in  four  years.  I 
wish  you  could  see  him.  Everywhere  I  go  on  Penn  Street  or  any  place  tho  people  stand  and  look  at  him— I  am  so  proud  of  him 
I  don  t  know  what  to  do.  The  people  can  say  all  they  want  about  other  remedies,  but  I’ll  have  Savc-The-Horse.”  I  can  hardly 
believe  the  euro  you  made  and  tho  way  you  treated  mo  in  my  case.  You  must  excuse  me  for  writing  a  letter  of  appreciation  like  this 
but  I  can  hardly  do  otherwise  with  the  horse  I  got  now.  I  remain  sincerely  yours  .  G.  SCHLEIFENHEINER,  Jr.,  No.  919  No  9th  St. 


A.  S.  VALENTINE  &  SON,  Cigar  Makers, 

645  N.  Broad  St. ,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Jan.  0,  1911. 
Troy  Chemical  Co. ,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. : 

My  pacing  horse  “  Prince  contracted  a  bone  spavin  about 
a  year  ago.  I  tried  ali  tho  different  remedies  generally  used, 
without  results.  Had  about  given  up  tho  horse  for  lost.  I  was 
urged  to  try  “  Save-The-IIorse,”  and  after  much  deliberation  I 
concluded  to  buy  it.  After  using  it  the  liorso  is  sound. 

Very  truly  yours,  GEO.  n.  VALENTINE. 


211  Sand  Beach  Ave.,  Bad  Axe,  Mich. 

If  you  ever  want  a  recommend  uso  me.  I  have  a  valuable 
maro  ;  she  had  a  bad  bog  spavin.  I  applied  “Savc-Tho-IIorso” 
twice,  latched  her  to  runabout,  and  have  driven  her  every  day 
and  no  one  could  ever  toll  she  had  any  such  trouble.  Everyone 
here  said  I  would  never  bo  able  to  uso  her  again,  she  was  so 
lame,  but  now  as  frisky  as  a  colt  My  neighbor  is  using  “  Save- 
The-IIorse  ”  at  my  recommend  and  it  is  doing  the  business. 

W  -  -  -  -  Respectfully,  W.  H.  COOPER,  O.  D.  S. 

ITH  the  fleeting  of  time  and  the  urgency  of  speedy  success  it  means  r.ll  in  all  to  every  owner  of  an  unsound 
horse  to  use  a  remedy  that  will  not  fail.  It  is  not  page  advertisements,  strong  words  or  questionable 
•li  Protjuses  that  you  want.  Instead,  just  investigate,  insist  on  proofs  and  evidences  of  results  and  you  surely 
a  balJfPn  Precarious,  vicious  and  uncertain  methods  and  turn  to  “  Save-The-Horse.” 

Save-i ho-IIorse  ”  is  sold  with  a  contract — a  signed,  legally  binding  contract,  which  positively  protects  pur¬ 
chaser  ;  it  takes  every  particle  of  chanco  out  of  tho  matter.  For  15  years  it  has  been  tho  foundation  on  which 
nearly  every  man  based  his  confidence  in  making  his  first  purchase,  and  it  has  never  been  violated. 

PlfPFRT  JLSMDS'E  CDCC  Describe  your  case.  Write  today  for  copy  of  Contract,  Hook  let  and  Letters  from 
“*»*■  “0*  ■  HsJVIwE  mCC  Bunkers,  Business  Men  and  Farmers  the  world  over  on  every  kind  of' case. 

a  bottle,  jvith  legal  written  guarantee  or_contnict.  Positively  und  Permanently  Cures  Bono 


M  y[llll  Wind  puff.’ wen  k.  sprained,  injured  and  rupt  _ _  _ _ 

~  ^  loss  of  hair.  Horse  worked  as  usual.®  At  sill  druggists,  or  express  paid  in  D,  8.  and  Canada. 

TROY  CHEMICAL  CO„  24  Commercial  Ave.,  N.  Y, 


and  Bog^pavin,  Ringbone  (except  low).  Curb,  Thoronghpin,  Splint,  Capped  Hock,  Shoe  Boil, 

tured  tendons  and  all  lameness,  without  blemish  or 


or 

,r 


REG.  HOLSTEIN  MALE  GALVES 

.  .  .  $20  to  $25  .  .  . 

Cheaper  than  you  can  purchase  elsewhere,  quality 
considered.  Write  for  detailed  descriptions.  Also 
a  few  young  cows  and  heifer  calves.  Address 

F.  H.  RIVENBURGH,  HILLHURST  FARM,  MUNNSVILLE,  N.  Y. 

LJomestead  Herd  ! 

H  1  DUUOOJERSEY  RED  SWWK,  BRED 
■  ■  GILTS,  SERVICE  BOARS  AND  SPUING 
PIGS.  R.  W  .  Mc.VLUiN,  Faniiettsbiirg,  Pa. 

Boston  Produce  Go. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St,,  -  Boston. 

Dl. EASE  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Coin- 
r  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter, 
Eggs,  Poultry.  Cork.  Calves.  Hay,  Grain.  Beans, 
Apples,  etc.  li.  li.  WOODWARD,  ail:!  0 rerun ieh  St.,  N.Y. 

Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  S  CO.,  Com 
mission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York. 

JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY. 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 

INDIAN  RUNNER  ducksand  drakes, from  260 egg  strain. 

1  Light  Brahmas.  C.  GORDON,  Sprakers,  N.Y. 

rpnQ-INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS,  Barred 
LUUU  Plymouth  Rocks,  Mammoth  Bronze 
_  .  Turkeys  and  Pearl  Guineas.  Write  for 

Free  Price  List.  C.  ADELL  KAYNER,  West  Falls,  N.  Y. 

A/JAMMOTH  PEKTNS  and  Indian  Runners  from 
■LTJt  imp.  stock.  Strong,  vigorous  ducklings,  15c. 
Eggs,  $5  hundred.  W.  Irish,  R.D.,  Po’keepsie.N.Y. 

INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS — Black  Langshau  Eggs  for 

1  sale.  J.  GORDON  DRAKE,  Port  Huron,  Mich 

\AfHITE  EGG  STRAIN  INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS-Thor- 

wi  oughbred,  vigorous  birds.  Wonderful  layers  I 
of  large  white  eggs;  mated  with  imported  drakes,  1 
well  marked,  fawn  and  white:  $2.00  for  15:  Buff 
Orpingtons,  $1.50  for  15.  Liberal  discount  for  incu¬ 
bator  eggs.  Cheery  Hill  Farms,  Pittstown.  N.  J. 

C  P  RUFF  ORPINGTON  EGGS  S1.50  and  S3.00-8etting 
Oi  Ui  u  run  of  pens  $10.00  per  100.  Satisfaction 
guaranteed.  EZRA  C.  LEHMAN,  Sharon  Springs,  N.  Y. 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  0RPINCT0NS 

Kellerstrass  strain.  Eggs  for  hatching.  $3.00  per 
16;  from  prize  winning  stock.  tW.  A.  KAISER, 

2703  Jamaica  Ave.,  Richmond  Hill,  L.  I. 

CINE  QUALITY  ORPINGTONS,  black  and  white.  Owens’ 

1  and  Cook’s  strains.  $2  and  Soper  sitting.  $10 
per  100.  Rev.  J.  I).  GRAHAM,  Lyonsville.  Mass. 

WHITE  WYANDOTTESlfavefb^1nnbrerdaby 

me  for  12  years.  Large,  fine  fllrds,  splendid  layers. 
Have  been  winning  for  5  years.  Eggs,  high  fertility, 
100, $5.00.  Sitting, $1 .00.  WILLIAM  0.  BURR,  Fairfield,  Conn. 

“THREE  COLUMBIAN  WYANDOTTES 

01  a  Cb  Combine  more  of  beauty  and  utility  than 
/A  r\  O  any  breed  today.  Right  there  with  the 
eggs  every  time.  Stock  and  Hatching  Eggs.  Free  illus¬ 
trated  Mating  List  of  winners.  Address 

RALPH  WOODWARD,  Box  28.  Grafton,  Mass. 


COL.  G.  W.  CRAWFORD’S 

SECOND  GREAT  AUCTION  SALE 


WILL  BE  HELD  AT  THE 

CARPENTER  SALES  STABLES,  ELMIRA,  NEW  YORK, 
TUESDAY,  APRIL  18,  1911. 

Head  of  Stallions  and  Mares  from  Of] 
Belgium,  France  and  Germany.  ZU 


20 


Also  20  Head  of  Grade  Farm  Horses,  Marcs  and 
Geldings,  suitable  for  Farm  Work  and  Brewery 
Teams,  will  be  sold  at  the  above  mentioned  place 
and  date.  Everything  sold  by  the  same  reliable 
methods  as  at  previous  sale  of  March  24th.  Some 
in  attendance  at  previous  sale  seemed  to  think  it 
impossible  that  such  good  horses  could  be  sold 
on  auction  and  hesitancy  possessed  them.  Much 
disappointment  was  in  store  for  such  buyers 
when  they  saw  these  horses  being  paid  for  and 
taken  away. 

On  the  coming  sale  pooplc  will  know  that  Col. 
Crawford  will  do  just  as  he  advertises  and  v\  ill  sell 
horses  just  as  represented. 

Every  one  wanting  thoroughly  reliable  horses 
must  attend  this  sale  and  do  not  hesitate  to  bid 
on  the  stock. 


Col.  G.  W.  CRAWFORD,  SHARON  VALLEY  STOCK  FARM 
Newark,  Ohio. 


Rhode  Island  Reds  Yield  Big’  Profits 

Mapy  a  farmer  has  made  a  big  dent  in  his 
mortgage  by  the  help  of  Rhode  Island  Reds. 

Walter  Sherman’s  Book  Tells  You 
All  About  These  Wonderful  Fowls 

How  easy  they  are  to  take  care  of.  ITov,  fine 
they  are  for  table  use.  What  prolific  layers  they 
are.  Even  tolls  you  how  to  take  care  of  them 
when  sick.  Every  poultry  man  should  have  a 
copy.  The  pictures  in  this  hook  are  true  to  life, 
each  from  a  photograph  taken  on  his  place.  Two 
of  them  by  tho  new  French  color  process. 
Show  the  birds  in  their  natural  colors.  So 
real  that  you  almost  expect  them  to  move. 

How  to  get  this  book  FREE 
Send  20  cents  (50  cents  would  be  a  low  price). 
With  each  book  is  given  a  rebate  coupon 
worth  20  cents  on  your  first  order  for  2  settings 
of  eggs.  Send  for  the  book  today. 

Walter  Sherman,  25  Boulevard, Newport,  R.I. 


Anctin’c  S.  C.  R.  I.  REDS— Bred  to  lay  and  they 
/-Yu&iiii  js  (p,  jay  Eggs  $1.50  per  15,  $6. On  per  100. 
AUSTIN  POULTRY  FARM,  Centre  Harbor,  N.  H. 


Hunn  Lake  Poultry  Farm  ?“W"S 

R,  C.  R.  I,  R.  OHicks,  §14  per  100;  White  5Vyan- 
dotte  Chicks,  §12  per  100.  Eggs,  §5  per  100. 


SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORN-Cypher’s  strain  utility 
stock.  Good  layers.  $1.00  per  setting  of  15,  $5  oo 
per  100.  JOHN  H.  LINXEMAN,  Station  '  M,” 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  R.  F.  D.  No.  10,  Box  31. 


S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Orchard  Poultry  Farm, 

A.  P.  &  C.  A.  Rogers, 
Bergen,  New  York. 

Utility  Vitality 


S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORN  BABY  CHICKS 

Blanchard  strain  hatching  eggs;  prices  reasonable 
JAMES  GOODMAN,  New  Ringgold,  Pa. 


S.  C.  W.  LE£H0RNS~ES 


layers, $1.50  per  15;  $6  per  100.  Satisfaction  guarateed. 
J.  M .  WAY,  Hockessin,  Del.  R.  D-  No.  2. 


S(*  WHITE  LEGHORNS,  Barred  Plymouth  Hocks, 
•  U  •  BB  Mammoth  White  Pekin  Ducks,  Stock 
hatching  eggs,  chicks,  ducklings.  Circular.  Est.  1904 
Abovo  Poultry  Farm,  Chatham,  Morris  Co.  N.  J. 


Barred  Plymouth  Rock^KreT  & 


raised  birds. 
$4.50  per  100. 


Great  laying  strain,  $1,25  per  15; 

CHAS.  T.  DOWNING,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


BUFF  WYANDOTTES 


—  Show  and  Utility 
Eggs,  $1.00  and  $2.00 
per  15;  $5.00  per  100.  H.  L.  C00LIDGE,  Hudson,  Mass. 


WANTED  Five  hundred  to  one  thousand  WHITE  WYANDOTTE 
r.  April  and  May  hatched  — - — 

pullets  to  be  delivered  during  June.  Address 

CHAS.  M.  JARVIS,  Berlin,  Conn. 


EGGS-  10  for  $1.00;^$3.00  per  100.  S.  C 


,  .  -  .  ..  ...  irowa 

Leghorns.  Good  stock  guaranteed. 

H.  A.  THATCHER  :  :  :  Perulack,  Pa. 


PURE  BRED  WHITE  HOLLAND  TURKEY 
EGGS.  Mbs.  E.  J.  RIDER,  Rodman,  N.  Y. 


WM 


AND  BRONZE  TURKEY  EGGS— Chicken  Egos.  Hand- 

-  ■  some  Catalog  2  ct. 
pure  wild  gobbler  from  flic  nioim- 

. .  Pa. 


stamp,  showin 
tain.  VALLEY  VIEW  POULTRY  FARM,  Belleville 


488 


THE  R 1 I R 1^  NEW-YORKER 


April  8,  1911. 


BUY  BUILDING  MATERIAL 


at  50  Cents  on  the  Dollar! 


5,000  Bargains  Ready 


“Unde  Sam' 
u  Our  c 
Trarcliiif 


Doors,  Windows,  Mouldings,  Flooring,  Frames,  Lumber,  Lath,  Shingles,  Roofing— Everything! 

We  are  selling  high-grade  guaranteed  Building  Material  of  every  description  at  50  cents  on  the  dollar.  If 
you  want  to  save  50  per  cent  of  the  prices  demanded  by  retail  dealers,  here  is  your  chance.  Simply  put  \\W 
n  your  name  and  address  on  the  coupon  and  “Uncle  Sam”  will  bring  you  our  Grand  Free  Catalogs  of  over  \V 
!f*N,  5,000  Bargains— everything  required  to  put  up  a  new  building  or  modernize  an  old  one.  Here  in  our  great  > 
new  fireproof  plant,  built  of  solid  concrete,  we  carry  the  largest,  finest  stock  of  building  material  in  the  world.  (T 

JL  Build  That  House  or  Barn  NOW  and  Save  Money  in  Big  Chunks! 

To  celebrate  the  completion  of  our  new  fireproof  plant,  we  have  started  a  sale  that  has 
startled  the  country.  So  great  are  the  price  reductions,  so  vast  and  varied  is  the  stock, 
so  wonderful  are  our  new  facilities  for  quick  shipment,  that  the  public  is  simply 
paralyzed.  If  you  are  ever  going  to  build,  if  you  are  ever  going  to  remodel  or 
|U|?k^L  \  repair  your  house,  barn  or  other  buildings,  if  you  are  ever  going  to  buy  Building  . 

Material,  now,  now,  now  is  the  accepted  time— the  supreme  opportunity  to  ^ 

'  save  big  money— to  make  every  dollar  go  twice  as  far  as  before.  Such  stu- 

{■Vll  pendous  bargains,  such  money-saving  offers,  such  high  quality  for  so  little 
H  VI  money,  may  never,  never,  never  come  again.  Delay  may  cost  you  dearly. 

Over  HaBf  a  Mi&Eion  Customers! 

,  II  J  Solely  through  our  Grand  Free  Catalogs  and  the  Big  Values  offered 

'i  11/  therein,  we  have  built  up  a  patronage  extending  from  ocean  to  ocean. 

Over  half  a  million  satisfied,  enthusiastic,  loyal  customers  on  our  books  ! 

Mg'  \  You  can’t  put  your  finger  on  the  map  of  the  United  States  without 
locating  a  Gordon-Van  Tine  customer!  We  have  been  in  the  Building 
Material  business  since  1865.  Our  business  motto  is  the  Golden  Rule. 

ay,  ... - 1,  Every  article  we  ship  is  guaranteed,  and  we  refund  every 

i:  j j  penny  and  pay  freight  both  ways  if  goods  are  not  absolutely 
|'  |  satisfactory.  Three  big  banks  vouch  for  our  reliability.  See 


W  Flight 
*  of  Stairs 
Complete  for 


Three 

Sr  Big  Banks  Certify  ^ 
f  to  Our  ReEiability! 

Scott  County  Savings  BanK 
Capital  9250,000 


Our  prices  save  you  from  $<!0  to  SI 25  on  stairs. 


Surplus  9150,000  1 

f  Davenport,  Iowa 

To  Whom  it  May  Concern: 

It  gives  us  great  pleasure  to  testify  to  the 
reliability,  business  integrity  and  honesty  of 
Gordon-Van  Tine  Co.  Their  financial  responsi¬ 
bility  is  wellover  three  hundred  thousand  dollars 
($300,000.00),  and  they  enjoy  the  highest  credit 
with  western  Financial  Institutions. 

We  assure  prospective  customers  that  they 
are  perfectly  secure  in  sending  the  money  with 
their  orders,  as  we  understand  that  if  goods 
k  aro  not  entirely  satisfactory  they  may  bo  re- 
b  turned  at  shippers’ expense  and  the  money  i 
will  be  promptly  refunded.  The  officers  A 
of  this  company  are  well  and  favorably  ^A 
known  to  us,  and  may  be  relied 
upon  to  do  exactly  as  thev  agree. 

J.  H.  HASS,  Cashier. 


41  R97  builds  this  8- room  houso  complete. 
V  We  will  furnish  you  all  the  Dum¬ 

ber  and  Mill  work,  including  plans,  for  $098. 


buys  Lumber,  Barn  Sash  and  other 
necessary  material  for  this  barn.  See 
Plan  Book.  We  sell  a  tremendous 
amount  of  barn  material— everything 
from  foundation  to  cupola.  Our  prices 
enable  you  to  build  barns  ora  com¬ 
plete  SPt  of  farm  buildings  at  asaving 
that  will  astonish  you.  Send  us  list 
of  materials  for  free  estimate  or  get 
our  great  Book  of  Plans  for  Farm 
Buildings  and  see  the  big  saving  we 
guarantee.  The  barn  shown  hero  is 
only  one  of  thousands  built  from 
Gordon-Van  Tine  materials.  Build 
that  barn  NOW  and  save  money  I 


EACH 


2-Lt.  Windows 


builds  this  barn,  32x44.  WTo  will  furnish 
all  Lumber  and  Millwork  for  $085. 


Good  Strong  Door 


49  A7A  builds  this  7-room  house  complete.  We 
WAj**  I  “f  will  furnish  all  Lumber  and  Millwork, 
Including  plans,  for  $1,022. 


Corner  Blocks 


Killarney  Door 


OORDON’-VAMTINECQ 
BOOK- PLANS 


Over  50  Desists  for  Houses,  Barns, 
Cottages,  Bungalows,  Granaries, 
Hog  Houses,  Poultry  Houses,  Etc. 

This  great  Plan  Book  wins  out  because  it 
is  practical  and  gives  the  latest  ideas  on 
farm  architecture.  Gives  complete  designs 
for  fifty  Houses,  Cottages,  Bungalqws; 
Farm,  Dairy  and  Cattle  Barns:  Corn  Houses, 
Granaries,  Cattle  Sheds,  Hog  Houses, 
Wagon  Sheds,  Implement  Sheds,  Cribs, 
Automobile  Houses,  Poultry  Houses,  etc. 

_ „ _ _ _ _ _ j  built  at  the  prices  stated.  The  handsome 

houses  shown  at  the  right-hand  side  of  this  page  are  taken  from  our  Plan  Book.  Note 
the  low  cost  for  lumber  and  millwork!  The  book  is  free.  Send  10c  for  postage  and  mailing. 


Wo  Ship  Promptly.  Two 
railroad  tracks,  each  with 
double  loading  platform,  ex¬ 
tend  the  entire  length  of  our 
warehouses.  No  drayage . 


49  Cl  A  builds  this  7-room  house  complete.  Wo 
vAjO  l*t  will  furnish  all  Lumber  and  Millwork, 
including  plans,  for  $1,057. 


How  to  Remodel  old  Estimates  FREE 


Uaeimaa  at  Very  Low  Cost 
NOhSvS  for  Materials 

Our  Grand  Free  Millwork  Catalog  gives 
valuable  ideas  for  modernizing  old  houses 
—tells  how  to  add  stairs,  porches,  mantels, 
plate  rail,  etc.,  etc.,  at  lowest  possible  cost. 
Costs  only  a  few  dollars  to  double  the 
attractiveness  of  an  old-fashioned  house. 


Send  List  of  Materials  Needed 
and  See  What  We  Can  Save  You 

Our  Estimating  Department  makes  no 
charge  forgiving  complete  itemized  figures 
on  material  for  any  kind  of  a  building. 
Send  list  of  materials  wanted,  or  figure  it 
out  yourself,  from  our  catalog. 


ROOFING 


If  ItHISENUl! 
5  I  UP  M 
[-  pSqr .tPIvll  j 

Stand  on  Ent 


49  99R  builds  this  beautiful  bungalow  com- 
vAjAuO  plete.  We  will  furnish  nil  Lumber  and 
Millwork,  including  plans,  for  $888. 


Another  big  cut  in  Booting!  Millions 
of  feet  of  Ffint-Conted  Booting,  made 
of  genuine  Wool  Felt,  waterproofed 
with  Asphalt,  surfaced  with  Flint  and 
Mica— at  less  than  haif  regular  prices, 
for  quick  clearance.  Every  roll  guaran¬ 
teed  6,  8  or  10  years,  according  to 
weight.  Ask  for  Free  Booting  Catalog. 


Grand  Millwork  Sale 


Bargains  in  Mantels 


Beautiful  Mantels.  Grates  Vj 
and  Fireplace  FTttings  al-  V- 
most  given  away.  You  will 
he  surprised  at  the  small  cost. 
Grand  Free  Catalog  gives  pic¬ 
tures,  prices  and  descriptions. 

Porch  Millwork 
'  SLASHED!  a 

Every  farm  home  should  A I 
have  a  porch  — an  out-  A ■ 
door  living  room.  Put  up 
a  porch  at  small  expense. 

Seo  Catalog  for  prices  on 
all  porch  material. 


to  Celebrate  Completion  of  Vast  New  Concrete  Warehouses 

These  special  prices  are  limited  to  this  Grand  Millwork  Celebration 
Sale— to  celebrate  the  completion  of  our  enormous  new  concrete  mill- 
work  plant.  NOW  is  your  opportunity  to  buy  at  a  tremendous  saving! 


GORDON-VAN  TINE  CO., 

2240  C  ase  Street,  Davenport,  Iowa 

Please  send  the  FREE  BOOKS  checked  below  to 


Colonial 
Porch  Column 


Send  Your  Name  and  Address  at  Once! 


A ’ante. 


Write  immediately.  Use  the  coupon  or  write  a  letter  or  postal.  This 
Is  important.  Get  possession  of  the  great  money-saving,  price-cutting 
catalogs.  Get  your  name  on  our  Free  Mailing  List  for  extra  Bulletins  as 
fast  as  they  are  issued.  (46) 


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Brackets 


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Any  of  following  books  free.  Check  the  ones  you  wish, 


□  MILLWORK  □  ROOFING  □  LUMBER 


Quality,  Safe  Delivery  and  Satisfaction  Guaranteed  or  MONEY  BACK / 

Goods  Shipped  Direct  from  Our  Mighty  Millwork  Plant — NO  MIDDLEMEN! 


^ PHOTO  tfffeiGQ 


NEW  YORK,  APRIL  15,  1911 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR 


THE  KING  ROAD -DRAG. 

Benefits  Secured  From  the  Split  Log. 

Wherever  clay  roads  are  found  in  the  Northern 
States  the  season  of  bad  or  impassable  roads  is  at 


by  an  editor-farmer  who  said :  “Brother  farmers, 
here  we  are  objecting  to  this  new  idea  because  Mr. 
King  wants  us  to  do  with  a  team  of  horses  and  a 
homemade  drag  costing  $2.50  what  we  have  been  used 


to  trying  to  do  with  three  teams  and  a  $400  road  ma- 
hand,  or  soon  will  be.  A  few  sections  of  the  country  chine.  .1  for  one  will  go  home  and  build  a  drag  and  and  those  treated  to  the usuaT  annual 
to  have  realized 


seem 

the  benefit  that  might  be 
had  by  keeping  the  sur¬ 
face  of  a  clay  road 
smoothed  out  and  so  in¬ 
clined  as'  to  shed  the 
water  into  the  ditch. 

Here  and  there  one  finds 
a  piece  of  road  thus 
treated  by  some  man 
who  has  persistence 
enough  to  keep  a  dirt 
road  in  repair,  or  in  a 
district  where  the  road 
superintendent  is  alive  to 
the  value  of  frequent 
dragging  with  some  sim¬ 
ple  form  of  road  plane 
or  drag.  With  no  place 
for  water  to  collect  on  a 
clay  road  the  surface  be¬ 
comes  tough  and  im¬ 
pervious  under  the  im¬ 
pact  of  hoofs  and  wheels. 

There  is  nothing  easier 
on  the  horses’  feet  than 
such  a  road.  I  was 
reared  in  a  country  of 
clay  soils  where  roads 
frequently  became  badly 
cut  as  soon  as  autumnal 
rains  set  in.  Nobody  did 
a  stroke  of  road  work 
from  Summer  until  after 
Spring  seeding,  unless  it 
was  to  shovel  an  open 
ditch  to  drain  off  stand¬ 
ing  pools  of  water  from 
the  road.  Even  this  was 
sometimes  omitted.  Sev¬ 
en  years  ago  there  came 
to  the  State  Farmers’ 

Institute  in  Ohio  a  man 
who  had  demonstrated 
an  idea  so  well  that  it 
caught  the  attention  of 
his  own  State  Board  of 
Agriculture.  He  had 
made  good  roads  out  of 
bad  ones  in  the  sticky 
gumbo  soil  of  Missouri. 

He  had  made  good  earth 
roads  with  a  cheap 
homemade  device,  fre¬ 
quently  applied  by  a  man 
and  team.  This  man  was 
D.  Ward  King.  His 
enthusiasm  for  so  simple 
a  thing  as  a  split  log 
drag  for  making  roads 
smooth  and  dry,  caught 

the  attention  of  the  farmers  at  the  institute  at  once 
But 


SPLIT-LOG  DRAG  IN  OPERATION  ON  EARTH  ROAD.  Fig.  164 


Others  tried  it  in  the  same  county,  and  I  well  remem¬ 
bered  driving  o*'er  a  short  piece  of  such  road,  dragged 
by  a  progressive  farmer,  near  the  county  seat.  This 
short  piece  of  clay  road  was  a  splendid  demonstration 
of  the  difference  between  frequently  dragged  roads 

scraping.  It 
smooth  and  dry, 


A  GOOD  TEAM  ON  A  SPLIT-LOG  DRAG.  Fig.  165. 


use  it  to  prove  or  disprove  his  statements  given  here.” 

My  father  was  one  of  the  skeptical  ones,  but  he 
caught  the  spirit  and  went  home  to  build  a  drag,  to 
sour-  .  .  •  --  which  he  hitched  three  horses,  as  his  were  of  the 

idea  would8)  ^  PCf1SUac*e  some  *armers  ^iat  his  general-purpose  class.  Before  Summer  he  was  testify-  pacity  and  make  it  last  longer.  Many  drags  have 

who  1  d  J<“|USe  U  ^iem‘  ^  was  theY  an^  n°t  he  ing  to  the  real  improvement  his  drag  had  made  in  the  been  built  more  economically  and  given  as  good  ser- 
o  e  shown.  The  discussion  was  ended  public  road  between  his  front  gate  and  his  neighbor’s,  vice  on  the  road.  Anyone  wishing  to  build  such  a 


many  doubted  and  could  not  see  how  so  cheap 
3nd  simple  a  device  could  be  so  efficient  as  he  declared 
it  to  be.  .  It  was  a  funny  situation,  a  man  from  Mis- 


was 

with  enough  slope  to 
carry  rain  water  off ;  no 
sign  of  a  rut  nor  of  a 
ridge  in  the  center.  I 
have  heard  since  then  of 
entire  Ohio  townships 
adopting  the  King  drag 
and  ditch  cleaner,  the 
latter  being  a  comple¬ 
mentary  device  for  push¬ 
ing  loose  dirt  from  the 
ditches  far  enough  into 
the  road  so  that  the  drag 
could  distribute  it  evenly. 

Many  fair-sized  farms 
have  a  lane  or  roadway 
leading  from  the  farm¬ 
stead  back  to  the  farthest 
field.  Some  I  have  seen 
with  only  a  winding  trail 
leading  back  across 
fields  which  never  should 
have  been  treated  in  that 
way.  Farm  roads  in  clay 
soil  are  usually  allowed 
to  have  deep  ruts  and  no 
side  ditches.  The  owner 
feels  that  hand  labor  is 
too  dear  for  trimming  up 
even  a  narrow  road  on 
his  farm,  and  the  use  of 
a  road  grading  machine 
out  of  the  question.  I 
have  found  the  split  log 
drag  very  useful  in  mak¬ 
ing  farm  roads  when 
preceded  by  the  plow  to 
open  ditches.  The  illus¬ 
trations  here  shown, 
Figs.  164  and  165,  were 
taken  on  a  farm  road,  or 
private  drive.  On  either 
side  the  Stubblefield 
comes  to  the  very  edge 
of  the  road.  In  Fig.  164 
the  angle  at  which  the 
drag  is  drawn  and  the 
position  of  the  driver  are 
seen.  Behind  the  drag 
is  the  smooth  sloping 
surface  left  by  it.  The 
other  picture  was  taken 
partly  to  show  the  build 
of  the  team  which  was 
equal  to  the  task,  and 
how  the  front  side  of  the 
drag  gathers  up  loose 
dirt  and  distributes  it  al¬ 
ways  toward  the  road 
center.  This  drag  was 
built  from  a  split  log  of  red  oak,  held  together  by 
square  bars  of  iron  having  burrs  and  washers  at  the 
ends.  It  also  has  the  back  of  an  old  saw  fastened  to 
the  face  of  the  front  log  to  increase  its  cutting  ca- 


480 


road  drag  should  secure  a  copy  of  Farmers’  Bulletin 
321  from  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.  It  describes  the  use  of  the  drag  as  well 
as  its  construction.  edward  r.  minns. 


CORN  AFTER  VETCH. 

The  soil  on  which  this  corn  was  grown  is  mainly 
sand  with  a  slight  admixture  of  clay.  It  has  been  run 
in  corn  for  many  years,  not  being  suitable  for  wheat 
and  clover.  A  stand  of  clover  could  not  be  had  on  it. 
Some  years  when  drought  prevailed  the  corn  made 
failures.  The  yields  varied  from  20  to  30  bushels  per 
acre  in  favorable  years.  Twenty-live  acres  wTere  sown 
in  vetch,  and  this  crop  turned  under  the  following 
year,  and  corn  planted ;  although  the  season  was  rather 
dry  the  average  yield  reached  90  bushels.  The  second 
year,  owing  to  severe  storms  destroying  much  of  the 
young  corn,  the  yield  was  only  72  bushels.  Alfalfa 
sown  on  part  of  this  field  made  remaixable  growth, 
where  in  years  before  neither  it  nor  clover  could  get 
a  hold.  On  another  field  where  part  of  the  soil  was 
“gumbo”  the  vetch  changed  the  texture  of  this  waxy 
soil  so  as  to  make  it  more  loose  and  friable.  Pota¬ 
toes  were  planted  in  1909  that  yielded  over  200  bushels 
per  acre,  and  on  the  “gumbo”  portions  the  yields  were 
far  better  than  on  the  sandy.  Extensive  tests  will  be 
made  in  various  lines  this  season  with  a  view  to 
demonstrate  the  value  of  vetch  on  all  classes  of  soils. 
A  picture  of  the  cornfield  is  shown  at  Fig.  168. 

Indiana.  J.  H.  haynes. 


ALFALFA  GROWING  IN  MICHIGAN. 

The  farmers  of  Michigan  are  much  interested  at 
present  in  the  growing  of  Alfalfa.  Doubtless  a  large 
acreage  will  be  sown  the  coming  Spring  and  Summer, 
and  the  recital  of  a  few  of  the  writer’s  observations 
may  be  of  interest  to  the  readers  of  The  R.  N.-Y. 
Undoubtedly  most  of  the  sowings  of  Alfalfa  that  have 
been  made  up  to  the  present  time  have  proven  failures, 
and  yet  there  are  instances  in  nearly  every  county  in 
the  State  where  successful  experiments  have  been 
made.  In  this  neighborhood  there  is  not  a  single 
good  stand  of  Alfalfa  that  has  been  sown  two  years, 
but  four  or  five  miles  away  there  are  a  number  of 
meadows  that  yield  splendid  crops  of  Alfalfa  hay. 
One  can  get  a  stand  of  Alfalfa  upon  much  of  the 
land  in  the  vicinity  of  Petoskey  without  any  special 
effort,  and  here  and  there  in  the  upper  peninsula  the 
crop  is  exceedingly  heavy.  L.  M.  Geismar,  who  has 
charge  of  the  upper  peninsula  experiment  station, 
made  three  sowings  in  May,  1909,  and  cut.  very  heavy 
crops  in  August  following.  J.  W.  Helme,  of  Adrian. 
Mich.,  has  adopted  the  practice  of  sowing  in  April 
and  is  rewarded  by  a  liberal  cutting  of  hay  the  first 
year.  But  both  of  these  men  have  soil  that  is  ex¬ 
ceedingly  rich.  Alfalfa  will  not  yield  a  crop  of  hay 
the  first  year  on  the  average  Michigan  farm,  no  matter 
how  early  it  is  sown.  The  fact  that  this  plant  sue-' 
ceeds  so  well  in  some  sections  and  absolutely  refuses 
to  survive  in  others  has  led  to  careful  investigation 
in  order  to  discover  if  possible  the  essentials  of  a  good 
Alfalfa  soil,  and  we  are  coming  to  think  that  this 
plant  will  thrive  on  any  soil  where  the  water  level  is 
not  too  near  the  surface,  provided  the  land  is  reason¬ 
ably  fertile,  contains  plenty  of  lime  and  has  the  proper 
nitrogen-fixing  bacteria.  If  the  soil  is  very  fertile, 
the  nitrogen-fixing  bacteria  do  not  seem  necessary. 
Mr.  Geismar  told  me  that  they  grew  Alfalfa  at  the 
upper  peninsula  station  for  six  years  before  they  dis¬ 
covered  any  nodules  on  the  roots,  though  they  looked 
for  them  very  carefully.  The  soil  at  the  station  is  a 
dark  gravelly  loam  and  abounding  in  lime. 

The  liming  of  soils  for  Alfalfa  is  becoming  a  com¬ 
mon  practice  and  its  utility  would  seem  beyond  ques¬ 
tion.  Artificial  inoculation  is  accomplished  here  partly 
by  nitral  cultures  secured  from  the  experiment  station 
and  partly  from  soil  taken  from  an  Alfalfa  field  or 
from  a  place  where  Sweet  clover  is  growing.  Where 
the  soil  is  favorable  to  the  growth  of  Alfalfa,  it  is  not 
at  all  difficult  to  secure  a  stand.  The  first  successful 
field  in  this  county  was  sown  with  wheat  in  the  Fall. 
For  several  years  three  crops  were  harvested  each  sea¬ 
son,  and  this  without  any  special  effort  previously 
made  to  prepare  the  soil.  There  are  a  number  of 
good  stands  where  the  Alfalfa  was  sown  in  the  Spring 
with  factory  peas.  Here  and  there  a  man  has  sown 
with  oats  and  succeeded.  But  it  is  not  considered  a 
good  crop  to  grow  when  seeding  with  Alfalfa.  Doubt¬ 
less  the  sowing  of  the  seed  without  a  nurse  crop  will 
give  the  best  results,  provided  the  soil  is  not  light 
enough  to  blow  and  the  seed  bed  has  been  properly 
prepared.  A  resident  of  our  county  cut  a  quantity  of 
Alfalfa  last  Fall  for  seed.  The  yield  was  light  and 
the  venture  hardly  paid,  though  the  quality  of  the 
seed  was  very  good  and  the  straw  from  which  it  was 
thrashed  was  of  some  value. 

Alfalfa  hay  is  so  valuable  and  the  yield  is  so  liberal 
that  it  will  pay  anyone  who  has  reason  to  believe  he 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

possesses  the  right  soil  to  try  to  grow  it.  He  can 
add  lime  artificially  and  can  inoculate  his  soil  with 
the  proper  bacteria  with  a  small  outlay  of  cash,  and 
with  the  crop  growing  successfully  he  will  have  added 
considerably  to  the  value  of  his  farm.  It  takes  a  good 
deal  of  power  to  plow  an  Alfalfa  sod,  but  it  can  be 
done  and  the  vegetable  matter  which  will  be  added 
to  the  soil  is  of  great  value.  I  send  herewith  a  pic¬ 
ture  of  some  corn  grown  on  an  Alfalfa  sod,  Fig.  167. 
The  cutworms  took  nearly  all  of  the  first  planting. 
Accordingly  the  field  was  harrowed  over  and  a  second 
planting  made  about  the  middle  of  June.  The  man 
who  grew  the  corn  resides  at  Fremont,  Mich.  He 
planted  it  in  drills  3 ^  feet  apart  and  about  eight 
inches  apart  in  the  drill.  It  was  a  medium  variety 
of  white  dent,  but  it  grew  to  an  enormous  size.  In 
fact  the  owner  told  me  that  from  four  acres  of  it  he 
filled  a  silo  with  a  capacity  of  100  tons. 

Oceana  Co.,  Mich.  w.  f.  taylor. 


THE  STORY  OF  A  CANNING  FACTORY. 

In  the  Fall  of  1907  an  enterprising  man  representing 
the  Hastings  Industrial  Co.,  of  Chicago,  came  to  our 
village  to  induce  the  people  of  this  vicinity  to  invest  in 
a  canning  factory.  As  this  community  is  situated  in 
the  Muskingum  Valley,  surrounded  on  every  side  by 
fairly  fertile  soil,  with  excellent  transportation  facili¬ 
ties,  he  had  little  difficulty  in  selling  78  shares  at  a  par 
value  of  $100  each ;  $6800  of  this  sum  was  to  be  paid 
the  Industrial  Company  for  erecting  and  equipping  a 
large  canning  factory.  The  money  was  paid  in  install¬ 
ments,  the  final  installment  paid  on  completion  of 
building.  The  stockholders  allowed  the  company  to 
put  on  a  metal  roof,  not  realizing  the  effect  of  the 
steam  and  fumes  generated  in  canning  on  the  under 
side  of  the  roof,  and  accepted  the  building  and  equip- 


A  CLUMP  OF  MASSACHUSETTS  VETCH.  Fig.  166. 


ment.  Of  the  remaining  $1,000,  $r>00  was  paid  for  a 
site  and  $500  placed  in  the  treasury.  As  canning  time 
drew  near  the  directors  of  the  new  canning  company 
found  out  from  the  manager  they  had  hired  to  run 
the  factory  that  they  would  need  more  money  than  was 
in  the  treasury  to  buy  cans,  labels,  etc.,  and  pay  labor. 
As  the  farmers  had  agreed  in  the  contracts  to  wait 
for  their  money  for  tomatoes  until  canned  goods  were 
sold,  they  did  not  have  to  consider  this  item.  As  the 
shares  of  the  company  were  non-assessable,  a  number 
of  the  stockholders  got  together  and  signed  personal 
notes  for  $50  each,  this  money  to  be  used  to  run  the 
factory,  and  the  factory  to  pay  these  notes  and  interest 
out  of  first  money  received  for  canned  goods.  The 
factory  did  well  the  first  season,  although  it  had  but 
a  small  acreage.  The  producers  were  paid  in  full, 
and-  if  it  had  not  been  for  a  bad  debt  (afterward  col¬ 
lected)  they  would  have  paid  the  $50  notes  in  full. 
As  it  was,  the  directors  of  the  factory  becoming  angry 
at  the  bank  in  which  the  notes  were  placed,  took  their 
own  money,  paid  the  notes  in  full,  and  put  them  in 
another  bank  for  their  full  amount  to  raise  money  for 
the  next  year.  A  mortgage  for  $1500  was  placed 
against  the  factory  in  the  Spring  of  1909  to  add  needed 
improvements,  a  large  acreage  of  both  beans  and  toma¬ 
toes  had  been  contracted,  and  everything  seemed  pros¬ 
perous.  The  contracts  this  year  instead  of  making 
an  indefinite  time  for  paying,  stated  that  one-half  of 
the  money  was  to  be  paid  the  producers  on  November 
15  and  the  other  half  on  December  15  of  that  year. 
All  labor  bills  were  paid  promptly. 

The  factory  had  a  big  run,  canning  about  600  cases 
(two  dozen  cans)  of  beans  and  about  5,000  cases  of 
tomatoes.  The  beans  were  sold  early  at  a  loss  to  get 
money  for  running  expenses.  November  15  came,  but 
the  factory  postponed  paying  farmers  with  the  plea 
that  tomatoes  were  advancing  in  price  and  they  would 
lose  money  to  sell  them.  When  December  15  came 
and  no  money,  and  the  factory  was  threatened  with 
suit,  the  directors  claimed  that  a  suit  would  wreck  the 
factory  and  if  they  were  just  left  alone  they  would 


April  15, 

pay  everything  in  full.  At  the  annual  meeting  in 
February,  1910,  the  fact  was  brought  out  that  the  fac¬ 
tory  was  actually  in  debt  $10,990,  or  twice  what  the 
most  pessimistic  person  had  imagined.  It  developed 
that  the  directors  and  the  local  bank  (part  of  whose 
directors  were  directors  in  the  canning  factory)  had 
loaned  the  factory  $5,000  and  covered  everything  with 
chattel  mortgages,  including  canned  goods.  It  only 
took  a  little  industrious  figuring  to  convince  part  of 
the  farmers  that  if  these  mortgages  were  paid  first 
there  “wouldn’t  be  any  core”  left,  and  so  about  half 
of  the  producers  went  to  law,  the  other  half  through 
fear  of  the  law,  indifference  or  the  selfish  feeling  that 
they  would  profit  by  the  labor  of  others  without  the 
expenses,  or  other  motives,  standing  aloof.  The  can¬ 
ning  company  finally  compromised  our  case  by  paying 
us  2iy2  cents  on  the  dollar  and  all  our  expenses.  The 
half  that  did  not  join  us  and  sue  did  not  nor  ever  will 
receive  a  cent.  The  factory  and  equipment  was  sold 
the  other  day  for  about  $1750.  At  the  last  financial 
statement  given  out  the  company  had  nearly  $19,000  in 
liabilities  (including  stock)  and  its  final  assets  were 
less  than  $7,000,  and  an  assignee's  fee  and  two  law¬ 
yers’  bills  were  taken  out  of  that  before  it  became  net, 
also  an  unknown  amount  of  accrued  interest.  The 
stockholders,  of  course,  lost  everything.  m.  g.  N. 

Washington  Co.,  O. 

R.  N.-Y. — In  printing  the  above  or  similar  reports 
we  have  no  wish  to  discourage  any  legitimate  enter¬ 
prise  or  cooperative  investment.  We  want  the  facts — 
just  as  they  are,  without  any  trimming.  We  shall  do 
our  best  to  prevent  our  people  from  being  loaded  up 
with  factories,  horses  or  anything  else  for  which  they 
must  pay  an  inflated  value.  We  shall  also,  if  we  can, 
prevent  them  from  going  into  schemes  which  are  con¬ 
trolled  by  outsiders.  On  the  other  hand  if  reports  of 
successful  enterprises  of  this  sort  can  be  made — we 
want  them. 


THE  JOY  IN  “BACK  TO  THE  LAND.” 

I  read  with  great  interest  all  that  is  said  in  your 
paper  about  the  blessings  of  living  in  the  country,  and 
in  every  case  I  agree,  as  far  as  I  am  personally  con¬ 
cerned,  but  at  the  same  time  I  often  wonder  if  it 
would  not  do  us  all  some  good  if  we  could  hear  from 
some  one  who  came  direct  out  from  a  chair  in  the 
city  and  tackled  a  farm  job.  If  it  could  be  written 
up  well,  but  before  everything,  truthfully,  I  wonder 
if  it  would  not  help  bring  out  the  better  folks,  I 

mean  those  who  are  making  a  success  of  their  work, 
and  not  those  who  come  out  to  the  farm  thinking  that 
it  will  be  “a  cinch,”  and  just  clear  picking  cold  dol¬ 
lars  all  the  time.  Let  them  know  that  it  is  a  case  of 
just  digging  from  5  a.  m.  to  7  p.  m.,  Winter  in¬ 
cluded,  and  that  looking  after  live  stock,  well,  is 

worse  than  any  slave-driving  boss,  till  you  learn  to 
love  the  animals.  But  as  well  let  them  know  the 
other  side  of  the  picture,  and  tell  them  what  it 

really  means  to  have  a  good  dog  love  you  if  you  are 

dressed  up  or  not ;  what  it  means  to  have  your  horses 
rub  noses  with  you  whenever  you  come  to  see  them, 
and  if  further  proof  is  wanted,  let  a  man  just  for 
the  fun  of  it  go  to  work  and  dig  a  hole  any  old  place 
on  the  farm  and  tell  himself  that  for  all  anyone  else 
has  anything  to  say,  he  can  dig  away  the  whole 
place.  He  is  the  boss.  That  is  the  part  of  the  life 
that  is  fun  to  most  of  us.  There  is  no  fun  in  work¬ 
ing  a  team  of  horses  all  day,  7  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.,  in 
the  deep  mud  with  scraper,  making  a  pond,  and  then 
have  to  put  them  in  the  stable,  heat  up  a  lot  of  water, 
and  wash  them  down  well  and  dry  them.  But  there 
is  fun  in  having  them  pick  out  your  handkerchief 
while  you  are  rubbing  them,  and  to  see  their  legs 
shine  clean  and  bright  and  what  is  more,  from  hang¬ 
ing  their  heads  and  being  almost  dead  with  work 
when  you  bring  them  in,  they  look  bright  and  happy, 
and  eat  what  you  give  them  with  relish.  Now  that  is 
the  pleasant  side  of  farming,  and  all  this  writing  has 
been  done  just  to  get  the  idea  out,  that  if  some  one 
that  could  write  well  would  bring  that  side  out,  we 
would  get  the  best  there  was  in  the  city  out  in  the; 
country.  c.  a.  graham. 

R.  N.-Y. — Mr.  Graham  himself  has  brought  this  side; 
out.  Others  might  use  more  words,  but  he  has  made 
the  idea  clear.  We  shall  soon  begin  the  publication  of 
about  as  true  and  pointed  a  “back-to-the-land”  story  as 
ever  got  into  print.  The  demand  is  for  facts — plain 
facts.  You  will  get  a  bunch  of  such  facts  in  this  story. 
All  through  history,  at  regular  intervals,  people  have 
started  immigrations  from  one  part  of  the  country  to 
another.  We  have  had  several  in  this  country.  No 
one  could  stop  or  direct  them.  They  have  made  great 
changes  in  history.  Just  now  there  is  a  movement 
from  town  and  city  to  the  country,  and  it  is  likely  to 
have  a  greater  influence  upon  our  nation’s  future  than 
any  previous  movement  of  population.  No  one  can 
head  it  off,  but  we  hope  to  do  our  share  of  pointing  out 
just  what  the  farm  offers.  The  man  who  expects  to  get 
anything  that  is  worth  while  out  of  the  change  must  be 
prepared  to  put  a  good  valuation  on  just  sue*1  “joy” 
as  Mr.  Graham  mentions. 


1911 

A  LARGE  CROP  OF  CLOVER  HAY. 

Best  Method  of  Handling  It. 

Will  you  give  a  discussion  of  the  best  method  of  hand¬ 
ling  a  large  crop  of  clover  hay?  I  should  like  methods 
from  standing  grass  to  safe  in  the  barn.  I  am  a  constant 
reader,  with  a  1,000-acre  farm  on  my  hands.  m.  k.  c. 

Now  York. 

M.  K.  C.  does  not  say  how  much  of  this  farm  is 
under  crop  rotation,  but  doubtless  enough  clover  is 
grown  to  make  the  saving  of  it  a  diligent  and  inter¬ 
esting  proposition.  To  handle  clover  successfully  in 
rotation  with  other  crops  it  should  come  in  every  third 
year,  and  there  should  also  be  live  stock  carried  in 
sufficient  numbers  to  consume  it.  With  as  large  an 
area  in  clover  as  is  supposed  to  be  grown  on  a  farm 
of  this  size,  the  work  must  be  done  on  a  large  scale. 
It  will  not  be  possible  to  manage  as  is  done  on  small 
farms,  cutting  down  one  day  what  is  hoped  to  be 
cared  for  the  next.  As  there  is  a  large  area  the  risk 
is  correspondingly  greater  of  being  able  to  save  it 
without  loss.  It  would  be  a  comparatively  easy  un¬ 
dertaking  except  for  the  fact  that  the  weather  must  be 
reckoned  with.  Modern  machinery  makes  it  possible 
to  do  very  rapid  work  with  a  com¬ 
paratively  small  force  of  men. 

Still  the  number  required  is  more 
easily  secured,  because  such  work¬ 
men  like  to  go  in  gangs.  The 
controlling  mind  must  however 
be  a  skilled  one,  for  changing- 
weather  may  make  a  change  of 
plans  necessary  every  day. 

There  should  be  sufficient  barn 
or  shed  room  to  cover  all  the  hay, 
so  that  none  will  have  to  be 
stacked  out  of  doors,  and  these 
buildings  should  be  conveniently 
located  to  save  time  in  getting- 
tile  hay  from  the  fields.  On  a 
farm  of  this  size  it  will  cost  too 
much  to  have  the  hay  barns  in  one 
group ;  besides,  there  would  be  too 
great  a  risk  in  having  so  much  in 
one  place ;  much  better  to  have 
three  or  four  sets  of  buildings  and 
work  as  many  squads  of  men.  No 
hay  should  be  cut  with  the  dew 
on.  Commence  after  the  dew  is 
off,  and  cease  before  it  gathers  in 
the  evening,  and  do  not  start  the 
harvest  till  some  of  the  clover 
heads  show  brown.  When  cut  in 
full  bloom  it  is  too  slow  in  curing. 

Have  a  sufficient  number  of  ma¬ 
chines  to  cut  as  rapidly  in  as  short 
a  time  as  possible  the  amount  de¬ 
sired  daily.  In  such  a  large  har¬ 
vest  as  this  every  plan  possible 
should  be  made  to  save  labor,  and 
at  some  risk  to  the  quality  of  the 
hay.  It  is  admitted  that  shock 
curing  is  the  best,  but  the  labor 
required  to  shock  will  load  it  and 
more,  consequently  it  is  safest  and 
cheapest  to  cure  in  swath  and 
windrow.  If  clover  hay  is  wet 
completely  with  rain  it  is  better 
to  have  it  wet  in  the  swath  than 
in  windrow  or  shock.  Unless 
very  heavy  it  will  go  through  a 
week  of  rain  in  the  swath  and 
then  make  fair  hay,  and  not  be 
blackened  as  it  would  in  the  wind¬ 
row  or  shock.  Of  course  some  of 
the  solids  will  be  washed  out 
more  in  swath  than  in  the  windrow  or  shock :  still 
the  hay  will  be  better,  because  not  black  or  mouldy. 

But  let  us  go  back  a  little.  When  seeded  for 
meadow  the  land  should  be  made  smooth,  and  all 
stones  and  other  sickle  obstructions  removed,  so  that 
when  the  mowers  are  started  all  attention  can  be 
given  to  them  and  their  work.  The  mowers  should 
all  be  of  the  same  make  and  width  of  cut,  and  should 
not  be  run  more  than  a  half  a  day  without  grinding. 
Start  the  cutting  as  soon  as  the  dew  is  off  and  rush 
while  they  run.  If  the  hay  is  heavy  time  can  be  saved 
in  curing  by  using  the  tedder.  The  same  day  in  which 
it  is  cut  it  can  sometimes  with  safety  be  put  in  the 
windrow.  This  will  reduce  amount  of  exposure  to 
dew,  and  hasten  the  time  to  mow  away  the  next  day. 
It  may  not  be  safe  to  put  in  mow  till  afternoon  of  the 
second  day,  but  two  hours  before  noon  may  be  used 
in  shocking  that  can  stand  till  well  cured.  By  this 
plan  the  work  can  go  on  till  there  may  be  enough  in 
shock  to  commence  hauling  in  when  the  dew  is  off, 
and  enable  the  manager  to  drop  out  this  forenoon 
shocking.  The  men  should  be  furnished  with  as  light 
forks  as  can  be  depended  on  to  stand  the  work,  the 
handles  not  being  longer  than  necessary.  It  has  been 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 

the  custom  of  the  writer  when  buying  forks  to  pass 
them  over  the  counter  scales,  taking  the  lightest.  If 
the  hay  is  to  be  taken  up  with  loaders  they  should  all 
be  of  the  same  make,  as  should  the  wagons,  with 
ladders  of  same  capacity.  If  slings  are  used  they  also 
should  be  of  same  make,  so  that  they  will  fit  any 
wagon  and  work  the  same  on  the  carriers  at  the  barn. 

When  the  hay  is  to  be  taken  up  with  loaders,  a  side- 
delivery  rake  will  make  a  better  windrow  than  a 
dump  or  revolving  rake,  and  more,  the  windrows  will 
not  be  so  compact,  and  if  wet  with  rain  can  be  more 
easily  torn  to  pieces  with  a  tedder.  Hay  wet  with  rain 
can  be  hastened  in  drying  by  using  the  tedder,  but 
the  sun  and  air  must  dry  hay  dampened  with  dew. 
We  never  could  hasten  matters  by  tedding  dew-damp¬ 
ened  hay.  The  starting  can  often  be  hastened  a  day 
by  cutting  on  Saturday  and  letting  lie  in  the  swath 
till  the  dew  is  off  Monday  morning,  when  if  the 
weather  is  favorable  the  hay  can  be  taken  to  the  barn. 
In  another  way  matters  can  be  hastened.  When  the 
first  hay  is  put  in  the  mow  it  can  be  put  in  pretty 
damp,  letting  it  drop  from  the  horse  fork  on  to  the 
center  of  the  floor.  If  put  in  Saturday  afternoon  it 


can  lie  till  Monday  morning,  when  the  force  of  men 
can  move  it,  all  spreading  it  out  over  the  mow  and 
tramping  it  down.  While  there  is  plenty  of  room  in 
the  mow  hay  can  be  handled  and  cured  by  the  mow 
handling  that  would  often  be  lost  if  allowed  to  remain 
in  the  field  to  cure.  We  have  put  it  in  so  damp  that 
the  next  morning  it  would  be  smoking,  and  cured  it 
all  right  by  moving  every  forkful  and  shaking  it  out 
and  tramping  it  in  place.  By  using  the  men  this  way 
in  the  mornings  they  are  able  to  get  in  full  time.  It 
is  also  a  good  plan  to  have  stack  or  rick  covering 
large  enough  to  cover  a  load  on  a  wagon.  Ofte~  the 
wagon  can  be  loaded  and  covered  when  there  is  not 
time  to  unload,  and  the  hay  saved  from  getting  wet. 
Or  hay  can  be  loaded  that  is  too  damp  to  put  in  the 
mow  and  allowed  to  remain  on  the  wagon  over  night, 
or  for  a  much  longer  time  if  necessary,  the  heat  that 
is  generated  escaping  when  the  hay  is  unloaded  and 
mowed  away,  leaving  in  safe  condition  to  come  out 
well-cured  hay.  Hay  should  not  be  put  in  the  mow 
carrying  any  other  moisture  than  belongs  to  it.  This 
can  be  dried  out  in  the  mow,  leaving  the  hay  bright. 
But  if  put  in  damp  with  dew  or  rain  it  is  very  un¬ 
certain  what  kind  of  hay  it  will  be  when  it  comes  to 


401 

be  used.  If  the  hay  barns  are  in  the  hayfields  often 
clover  hay  can  be  drawn  with  sweep  rakes  from  the 
swath  windrow  and  shock  to  the  barns.  This  plan 
cuts  the  labor  down  to  the  minimum,  but  it  is  not 
often  that  this  can  be  done  for  a  whole  day  without 
much  waste  of  hay  by  loss  of  leaves  and  broken  stems. 
This  is  an  outline  of  many  plans  that  are  used  where 
large  areas  of  hay  are  put  up.  The  amount  of  hay 
determines  each  year  the  force  necessary  to  handle  it, 
so  no  rule  can  be  laid  down  as  to  this  part  of  the  work. 

Ross  Co.,  Ohio.  john  m.  jamison. 

GROWING  SEED  OF  HAIRY  VETCH. 

I  want  to  sow  some  Winter,  Sand  or  Hairy  Vetch,  which 
can  be  sown  in  Spring  or  Fall.  I  want  to  know  if  it  will 
ripen  here  if  sown  in  the  Spring,  or  must  it  be  sown  in  the 
Fail  and  left  to  ripen  over  Winter?  a.  d.  b. 

Berlin,  Mass. 

I  have  learned  how  to  grow  vetch  for  seed.  I  am 
surprised  that  more  definite  and  particular  experiments 
are  not  undertaken  by  the  State  experiment  stations 
and  the  Department  at  Washington.  Not  having  any¬ 
thing  for  a  guide  I  began  at  the  foot  and  am  now 
working  up.  On  August  3,  1909,  I  had  a  cupful  of 
Winter  vetch  left  over  from  some 
that  I  sowed  in  the  Fall  of  1908. 
Of  this  1908  Fall  sowing  only  a 
few  plants  wintered  (planted  too 
late).  With  this  cupful  I  planted 
three  seeds  at  the  base  of  each  as¬ 
paragus  hill,  making  about  three 
rows  (300  feet  long  each).  These 
seeds,  sown  August  3,  190S,  came 
up  nicely  and  made  quite  a  good 
growth,  about  12  to  15  inches  tall, 
climbing  some  on  the  asparagus 
stalks.  They  wintered  well  and 
in  the  Spring  started  right  away 
to  climb  skywards.  As  soon  as 
the  growth  was  tall  enough  brush 
was  struck  up  so  the  vines  would 
be  supported.  This  first  brush 
was  four  to  seven  feet  tall,  and 
the  vetch  grew  so  vigorously  that 
almost  all  the  brush  was  hidden. 
When  in  full  bloom  the  sight  was 
beautiful.  From  the  product  of 
this  cupful  I  harvested  over  55 
pounds  of  seed,  which  I  sowed 
Fall  of  1910,  some  in  rows  and 
the  remainder  broadcast  on  about 
two  acres.  The  vetch  was  bushed 
in  May,  1910,  and  harvested  July 
19,  1910.  Enough  seed  ripened 
before  July  19  to  seed  the  three 
rows ;  this  came  up  well  Fall  of 
1910,  and  made  a  perfect  mat  on 
the  ground.  Some  vines  were 
over  3l/2  feet  long,  and  none 
raised  above  the  ground  over  two 
inches.  On  March  6,  1911,  all  the 
under  vines  were  nice  and  green, 
and  so  far  as  seen  none  had  win¬ 
ter  killed.  I  would  not  sow  the 
vetch  in  the  Spring  if  I  wanted  to 
get  seed.  The  root  system  is  very 
extensive  and  many  nodules  were 
found  last  Fall.  The  land  where 
this  vetch  was  planted  was  part  of 
an  abandoned  farm,  and  so  poor 
that  asparagus  did  not  do  very 
well,  primarily  because  it  was  not 
prepared  properly  a  year  or  so 
ahead  of  planting.  Vetch  should 
be  planted  two  or  three  inches 
deep.  Wire  might  be  used  for  it  to 
climb  up  on,  but  brush  is  better,  cheap  and  handy  on 
most  farms.  So  far  as  I  know  I  am  the  only  one  who 
has  done  any  vetch  experiments  in  this  whole  neigh¬ 
borhood.  A  picture  of  a  clump  of  the  vetch  is  shown 
at  Fig.  166.  c.  W.  PRESCOTT. 

Massachusetts. 

HOW  TO  USE  LIME. 

We  have  more  questions  about  the  use  of  lime  than 
on  any  other  single  line  of  agriculture.  There  are 
several  things  which  may  be  repeated  over  and  over. 
Ground  limestone  is  better  on  light  soils  which  have 
little  humus  in  them.  We  would  use  burned  lime  on 
heavy  or  very  sour  soils.  Never  buy  lime  without  a 
guaranteed  analysis,  and  figure  from  it  which  pound 
of  lime  is  cheapest.  For  quick  results  you  should  use 
two  pounds  of  ground  limestone  to  one  of  burned 
lime.  Do  not  use  lime  on  potatoes  or  strawberries. 
Its  best  results  are  on  clover,  ATfalfa,  Timothy, 
wheat  and  garden  crops.  Usually  it  is  better  to  use 
lime  when  seeding  to  grass,  grain  or  clover.  Do  not 
plow  lime  under,  but  spread  on  the  rough  furrows 
and  harrow  in.  You  will  seldom  obtain  good  results 
by  spreading  on  top  of  a  sod.  Do  not  mix  burned 
lime  with  hen  manure  or  any  other  organic  plant  food. 
The  ground  limestone  may  be  safely  used  for  this 
purpose. 


CORN  GROWN  AFTER  ALFALFA  IN  MICHIGAN.  Fig.  167. 


CORN  GROWN  AFTER  HAIRY  VETCH  IN  INDIANA.  Fig.  168. 


492 


THE  RUR-A.L*  NEW-YORKER 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

IK  very  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the  name 
and  aduress  of  the  writer  to  insure  attention.  Be¬ 
fore  asking  a  question,  please  see  whether  it  is  not 
answered  in  our  advertising  columns.  Ask  only 
a  few  questions  at  one  time.  Put  questions  on  a 
lepcrate  piece  of  paper.] 


Corn  Smut  and  Seed  Corn. 

TP.  G.  IP.,  Parsons,  N.  M. — Tell  me  how 
to  treat  corn  for  smut.  I  would  like  to 
treat  enough  for  about  three  acres  of  yellow 
Hint,  or  white  Hint,  nothing  else  will  mature 
up  here  in  the  White  Mountains  of  New 
Mexico,  e'evation  7,500  feet. 

Ans. — It  will  do  you  little  good  to 
treat  seed  corn  to  kill  smut.  With  small 
grains,  like  oats  or  wheat,  the  germs  of 
the  smut  disease  are  on  the  seed.  If 
they  are  put  into  the  soil  these  germs 
develop,  spread  through  the  plant  and 
produce  smut.  That  is  why  it  pays  to 
soak  the  seed  in  formaldehyde  solu¬ 
tion.  This  destroys  these  germs  so  they 
cannot  develop  in  the  plant.  Corn  smut 
is  a  different  kind  of  disease.  The  germs 
are  not  usually  found  on  the  seed.  They 
pass  the  Winter  in  the  field,  or  may 
work  into  the  manure  from  smutted 
ears.  At  about  the  time  the  ear  is  form¬ 
ing  these  germs  float  in  the  air,  reach 
the  ears  and  develop  on  them.  Thus 
soaking  th,?  seed  will  be  of  little  help. 
The  treatment  is  to  gather  and  burn 
the  smutty  ears  and  not  grow  corn  too 
long  on  the  same  ground. 

Corn  Notes. 

I  do  not  think  the  acreage  of  corn  will 
he  increased  to  any  great  extent,  here  in 
the  Champlain  Valley.  I  mean  by  this 
statement,  not  much  increase  over  1910 
crop,  but  will  be  a  great  increase  over 
acreage  of  previous  years.  There  was  a 
very  large  acreage  of  corn  of  excellent  qual¬ 
ity  and  good  yield  in  this  part  of  the  State 
in  the  Fall  of  1910.  Several  species  of 
yellow  flint  and  Sanford  were  the  predom¬ 
inating  varieties  raised  for  husking.  Learn¬ 
ing,  Early  Mastodon  and  similar  large  vari- 
ties  were  raised  chiefly  for  silos.  There 
lias  been  a  marked  increase  in  number  of 
silos  built  in  this  vicinity  during  the  past 
two  years,  consequently  much  more  corn.  I 
also  think  the  support  we  are  getting  from 
the  farm  papers  in  regard  to  more  corn 
growing  has  a  great  deal  to  do  with  the 
increased  acreage.  Corn  will  generally  be 
planted  on  the  old  meadows,  as  the  groat 
number  of  grasshoppers  we  had  here  during 
1909  and  1910  have  nearly  ruined  the 
grass  in  most  of  our  meadows,  so  they  must 
be  plowed,  and  naturally  corn  will  be  raised 
there  before  much  is  taken  up  in  the  pas¬ 
tures.  I  have  made  quite  a  numbpr  of 
inquiries  about  the  amount  of  commercial 
fertilizers  used  for  corn,  also  am  agent  for 
fertilizer  and  I  find  from  150  to  500  pounds 
the  amount  generally  used,  but  my  method 
of  growing  corn  for  silo  is  to  plow  green¬ 
sward,  use  a  liberal  dressing  of  stable  ma¬ 
nure  on  top  and  a  small  amount  of  com¬ 
mercial  fertilizer  for  a  starter.  Many 
other  farmers  here  are  following  the  same 
method.  1  am  farming  about  150  acres 
and  grew  22  acres  of  corn,  part  for  husk¬ 
ing  and  part  for  silo.  If  all  had  been  put 
into  silos,  I  estimate  there  would  have  been 
500  or  more  tons  of  silage.  Perhaps  1  grew 
25  per  cent  more  corn  than  the  average 
Vermont  farmer  tilling  about  the  same  num¬ 
ber  of  acres.  c.  F.  g. 

Charlotte,  Vt. 

Potato  Situation. 

The  situation  on  potatoes  at  the  present 
looks  very  favorable  to  us  for  a  firm  and 
steady  market  and  perhaps  something  of  an 
advance  in  price  as  the  season  advances. 
There  is  a  very  heavy  demand  for  potatoes 
at  a  great  many  sections  throughout  the 
country  where  they  usually  have  them  to 
ship,  and  the  stock  on  hand  is  gradually 
being  used  up,  so  that  it  begins  to  look 
like  a  shortage  toward  the  end  of  the 
season.  We  wish  to  say,  however,  that 
this  is  only  the  situation  from  a  local 
point  of  view,  and  the  determining  factor 
will  be  how  many  potatoes  they  are  holding 
back  in  Michigan,  Ohio  and  other  points 
that  arc  supplying  Chicago  and  the  large 
southern  markets  at  the  present  time.  We 
cannot  expect  much  advance  in  our  terri¬ 
tory  as  long  as  there  seems  to  be  an  over 
supply  in  this  other  territory.  At  present 
the  prices  to  the  farmers  throughout  New 
York  and  northern  Wisconsin  are  40  to  48 
cents  for  good  eating  potatoes  and  60  to  75 
cents  for  seed  potatoes,  such  as  Rose  and 
Ohio.  GAMBLE- ROBINSON  COM.  CO. 

Minneapolis,  Minn. 


I  don’t  think  there  is  any  danger  of  the 
fruit  business  being  overdone  in  this  part 
of  the  country.  Orchards  are  all  small,  and 
no  spraying  at  all  on  fruit,  strawberries  be¬ 
ing  the  main  fruit  raised  here,  but  I  think 
but  a  few  spray  those.  d.  b.  s 

No.  Bangor,  Me. 

I  find  by  examination  that  the  fruit  buds, 
including  apple,  pear,  cherry  and  plum,  have 
withstood  the  Winter  and  with  satisfactory 
conditions  from  now  on  a  good  fruit  pros¬ 
pect  is  in  sight.  Peach  buds  are  mostly 
dead.  There  are  not  extensive  planting  be¬ 
ing  done  of  any  varieties  of  fruit  in  this 
section  :  only  now  and  then  a  few  varieties 
to  keep  the  number  good  that  have  dic'd,  or 
have  blown  down.  Spraying  is  but  rarely 
done  and  little  effort  is  made  to  improve  the 
quality  or  quantity.  w.  F.  B. 

Lamson,  N.  Y. 

Another  Potato  Digger.— On  page  404 
404  W.  IT.  Howard  doubts  champion  potato 
diggers  and  calls  them  liars.  Now,  I  have 
dug  with  a  six-tined  manure  fork  210  bush¬ 
els  in  one  day,  and  I  am  willing  to  dig  the 
Hope  Farm  man’s  potatoes  next  Fall,  for  I 
have  frequently  dug  between  100  and  200 
bushels  a  day,  and  I  can  get  all  the  proofs 
required.  I  am  a  farmer  myself,  and  not 
far  from  the  50  mark.  E.  L.  h. 

Pennsylvania. 


Failure  of  Peach  Buds. 

Prof.  M.  A.  Blake,  of  the  New  Jersey  Ex¬ 
periment  Station,  says,  that  a  fair  propor¬ 
tion  of  dead  fruit  buds  will  be  found  in  New 
Jersey  orchards.  This  is  not  due  to  cold 
weather,  but  to  last  season's  conditions : 

“The  past  Winter  has  been  favorable  for 
properly-matured  peach  buds  in  New  Jersey 
with  no  temperature  low  enough  to  cause 
bud  Injury.  An  examination  of  the  buds 
by  the  writer  during  the  Winter  and  before 
the  recent  cold  weather  showed  a  consid¬ 
erable  proportion  of  fruit  buds  dead  at  the 
center,  especially  upon  weak  trees  and  in 
poorly  managed  orchards.  The  buds  upon 
early  varieties  such  as  Carman  are  gener- 
ally  in  good  condition.  Such  varieties 
ripened  their  crop  early  last  year  and  were 
able  to  mature  a  crop  of  well-formed  buds 
to  pass  the  Winter.  The  late  varieties  show 
a  much  larger  proportion  of  dead  buds.  Such 
varieties  being  obliged  to  ripen  a  crop  late 
in  the  season  and  during  the  severe  drought 
were  unable  properly  to  develop  a  crop  of 
fruit  buds  for  the  succeeding  season,  es¬ 
pecially  where  the  trees  were  not  supplied 
with  liberal  amounts  of  plant  food.  Young 
trees  which  are  to  bear  their  first  crop 
1911  generally  have  a  full  set  of  buds  in 
excellent  condition  at  this  time,  and  this 
is  also  true  in  older  orchards  that  were 
liberally  fertilized  and  cultivated  last  sea¬ 
son.  Indications  point  to  a  considerably 
smaller  crop  of  peaches  the  coming  season, 
even  with  favorable  weather  at  blooming 
time.  Higher  prices  are  likely  to  prevail 
and  those  who  treated  their  orchards  liber¬ 
ally  last  season  will  reap  their  harvest.” 

Tar  on  Seed  Corn. — Noticing  the  ar¬ 
ticle  on  page  43S  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  on 
tarring  corn,  I  am  induced  to  state  our 
method.  Submerge  the  corn  in  hot 
water.  Stir  in  just  enough  tar  to  give 
each  kernel  a  light  coating.  Spread  on 
sacking  in  bright  sun  and  stir  as  neces¬ 
sary  till  dry,  when  it  can  be  handled  as 
easily  as  corn  not  tarred.  Once  the 
crows  pulled  our  tarred  corn  and  we 
were  satisfied  that  some  of  the  first 
pulled  was  not  completely  tarred  en¬ 
couraging  them  to  keep  on.  We  think 
tarring  tends  to  discourage  cutworms. 

Massachusetts.  e.  b. 


Write  Today 


We  want  every  farmer  in  the  land  to  have 
our  attractive  Free  Booklet  on  hay  loaders. 

It’s  full  of  interesting  facts  and  illustrations. 

It  shows  plainly  why  the  simple,  light  run¬ 
ning  “GEARLESS”  Hay  Loader  is  the  cheap¬ 
est  to  buy,  the  easiest  to  operate,  the  most 
durable  and  altogether  the  most  satisfactory 
loader  for  heavy  hay,  windrows,  light  hay, 
clover,  alfalfa  or  beans. 

It’s  the  loader  that  can  be  depended  upon 
every  hour  during  the  haying  season.  “No 
time  out  for  repairs.” 

Let  us  send  you  our  Free  Booklet  at  once. 

Write  us  today. 

LA  CROSSE  HAY  TOOL  CO. 

THIRTY-FIFTH  STREFT  CHICAGO  HEIGHTS.  ILL. 


/"'■UMB ICELAND  AND  COLUMBIAN  Raspberry 
^  Plants,  true, to  name.  St.  inspected.  Write  for 
prices.  N.  H.  KNOPP,  Washingtonvii.le,  Ohio. 

FAR  9A|  F — 50.000  Strawberry,  20,000  Lmcretia 
I  Ull  OH LL  Dewberry,  20,000  Grapevines.  Send 
for  price  list.  JOHN  CASAZZA,  Vineland,  N,  J. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  only  $1 .50  &  $1 .75  per  iy00.  Illus. 
Catalogue  Free.  S.  A.  VIKDIN,  Hartly,  Del. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS-£“i!/”SSc*“mS- 

Red  Raspberry,  only  $5.00  per  1,000.  Asparagus  of 
a  very  fine  strain.  SLAYMAKER  &  SON,  Wyoming,  Del 


HIGH  GRADE  STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 

Write  for  list  and  prices. 

J.  HETSCHER  ...  Canal  Dover,  Oliio. 


STRAWB  E  RRIES 

Plan  to  have  plenty  in  your  own  garden.  100  plants 
in  three  best  varieties,  $1.00  postpaid. 

Geo.  R.  Schauber,  Box  R,  Ballston  Lake,  N.  Y. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS — New  and  old  varieties.  Send 
for  new  Illus.  Catalogue  for  1911.  Prices  from 
$1.50  per  1,000  up.  DAVID  RODWAY,  Hartly,  Dei. 


Surplus  Stock  of  Choice  Strawberry  Plants 

$2.50 per  1,000.  H.  H.  DENNING,  Clyde,  N.Y. 


to  Plante  only  $2.00  per  1000,  special 
11U  rialllo  prices  on  5000  lots.  Price 
’.  S.  FORD  &  SON,  Hartly,  Del. 


SWEET  POTATO  PLANTS 

Walirbeim  Farm  Strain;  Bright, Gol¬ 
den,  Chunky:  Very  Productive.  200, 
postpaid,  50c.  Write  for  prices,  etc., 
on  larger  lots. 

GEO.  H.  LIE  BE,  Cologne,  N.  ,J 


NO  TIME  TO  LOSE 

There  are  Flowers  and 
Many  Kinds  of  Plants 
That  You  Must  Attend  to 

IN  THE  SPRING 

NOW  IS  THE  SEASON 

To  learn  all  about  the  Special  Value  of 


We  are  very  enthusiastic  about  having 
you  know  how  our  seeds  have  been  care¬ 
fully  cultured  to  germinate  and  mature  in¬ 
to  plants  that  show  a  real  pedigree  source. 

We  would  like  to  make  a  catalog  of  this 
advertisement,  but  the  space  does  not  per¬ 
mit.  So  we  invite  you  to  write  us  all  about 
your  garden  needs.  We  will  cordially 
respond,  and  send  you  our  new  144  page 
illustrated  catalog  free.  We  are  introduc¬ 
ing  some  seasonable  seed  ’novelties  at  a 
special  packet  price.  Eschsciioltzi  A 
Thohbuuni  (California  Poppy)  the  grand¬ 
est  of  all  Eschscholtzias.  We  will  mail  a 
packet  of  this  valuable  novelty  and  a  copy 
of  our  beautiful  catalogue—  the  Best  Seed 
Annual  published  in  America—  for  only  10 
cents,  stamps  or  coin.  (Regular  price  of 
seed  15  cents  packet.)  WRITE  TODAY. 

J.  M.THORBURN  &  CO. 

Dept.  Y 

33  Barclay  Street,  New  York. 


DONT  FAIL  TO  PLANT 

SOME  OF  THE 

Meadowvale  Gladioli 

THIS  SEASON. 

Write  for  Free  Illustrated  Catalogue  at  once. 

ARTHUR  COWEE 

Meadowvale  Farm,  Box  54,  BERLIN,  N.  Y. 


MILLIONS  OF  FLOWERING 

and  Decorating  Plants  of  all  kinds,  including  Early 
and  Late  Vegetable  Plants  in  abundance,  for  Flor¬ 
ists.  Landscape  Gardeners,  Parks.  Institutions, 
etc.,  at  wholesale  prices.  Send  for  lists. 

ALONZO  J,  BRYAN,  Wholesale  Florist,  Washington,  N.  J. 

ALFALFA 

All  Northern  erown,  guaranteed  to  be  99  percent 
pure  and  free  from  dodder.  Write  for  free  sample 
on  which  wo  invite  you  to  get  Government  tests. 
This  seed  should  produce  hay  at  $60  per  acre]  an¬ 
nually.  Free  instructions  on  growing. 

GRAIN  AND  GRASS  SEED 

Northern  grown  and  of  .strongest  vitality.  Wo 
handle  export  grade  only  and  can  furnish  grass 
mixture  suitable  for  any  soils. 

Wing’s  Mikado, Sable 
and  Mongol  are  tho 
heaviest  known  yield* 
ers.  Are  all  onr  own 
new  varieties  obtainable  from  ns  only.  Mikado 
has  record  of  37  bu.  per  acre.  Will  grow  on  poor 
Boil  and  greatly  improve  it.  Write  today  for  catalog. 

WING  SEED  CO.,  Box  323  Mechanicsburg,  O. 


SOY  BEANS 


ONION  SEED 


of  ihe  Highest 
Germination 

Yellow  Danvers,  Yellow  Globe  Danvers,  Australian 
Brown,  Southport  Yellow  Globe,  $1.00  lb.  Large  Red 
Wethersfield,  1‘rizetaker,  $1.10  lb.  Postpaid. 

ONION  SETS. — Fancy  Yellow  Danvers,  Kastem  Grown, 
$2.00  bushel. 

Write  for  Catalog  and  Free  trial  pkt.  of  New  Enk- 
huizen  Glory  Cabbage. 

J.  AUG,  DKAKE,  Seedsman 
100  Main  Street,  *  -  Chester,  N.  J. 

nWinW  CCCn— Home  grown  YellowGlobe,  $1.25  lb. 
UnlUll  OLLLl  postpaid;  5  lbs.  by  express,  $5.50. 
J.  B.  QUIRK,  North  Madison,  Ohio. 

“Dewdrop”  Everbearing  Strawberry 

Largest  in  world;  bears  first  season; 
color,  rich  crimson;  no  green  tips;  lus¬ 
cious  pineapple  flavor.  Circular  free. 

H.  F.  DEW,  Albion,  Michigan. 


C IBERIAN  OATS, highest  yielding  strain  from  Ohio  Ex- 
periment  Station;  65  bn.  per  acre  here;  Swedish 
Selects,  another  high  yielder;  75c. per  bu,, sacks  free. 

L.  H.  LeBARON,  Mgr.  Glen  Oak  Farm,  Spencerville  ,  Ohio. 

FDR  Qfll  C— Cow  Peas,  $2.50  to  $3.00  bushel; 
run  wnLk  Crimson  Clover  Seed,  $8.50  bushel: 
Black-Eyed  Peas,  $3.00  bushel. 

JOSEPH  E.  HOLLAND  .  .  Milford,  Del. 

INOCULATED  ALFALFA  SOIL 

75  cents  per  hundred,  $10.00  per  ton.  F.  O.  B.  Ash- 
ville,  Pa.  Send  for  FRIOE  booklet  “How  to  Grow 
Alfalfa.”  Dr.  H.  SOMERVILLE,  Chest  Springs, 
Cambria  County,  Pa. 


April  15, 

THE  APPLE  BUSINESS 

Is  a  sure  thing — if  you  have  the  right  kind  of 
a  tree.  People  may  plant  too  many  oranges 
but  the  good  old  apple  is  a  sure  thing.  The 
time  to  get  in  with  that  hillside  is  right  now 
— this  Spring. 

There  is  some  discussion  about  the  best 
aged  tree  to  plant.  Some  want  big  trees  and 
some  little  whips.  We  have  them  all! 

The  size  is  a  matter  of  opinion  but  every¬ 
body  agrees  that  the  health  and  life  of  the 
tree  is  more  important.  We  put  life  and 
health  in  our  trees — or  they  do  it  themselves. 

They  grow  in  strong  ground  with  no 
check  from  start  to  finish  and  with  a  long 
fall  season  to  harden  and  ripen  their  woods. 

They  are  sound,  free  from  disease  and 
ready  to  grow.  Every  variety  you  want 
and  every  tree  right. 

The  Catalog  tells  all  about  it. 

HARRISON’S  NURSERIES,  Box  15,  BERLIN,  MD. 


FRUIT  TREES  AND  PLANTS 


AT  very 

LOW  PRICES 

Apples  .  .  .  $15.00  per  lOO 
Peaches  ...  $8.00  per  lOO 

Cherries  ...  $10.00  per  lOO 

Strictly  First-Class  Stock,  Government  In¬ 
spected.  Write  today  for  onr  free  catalogue 
on  Fruits  and  Ornamentals,  and  buy  direct 
from  the  growers.  Onr  trees  aro  grown  in  that 
great  nursery  belt  of  Ontario  Comity. 

ONTARIO  NURSERY  CO.,  Inc. 


GENEVA,  N.  Y. 


Box  No.  21 


OLYMPIC  NATURE  NURSERY 

Rhododendrons,  Madronas, Oregon  Grapes,  Huckle¬ 
berries  and  other  wild  shrubs,  plants  and  flowers. 

By  mail,  10  for  50  cents,  24  for  $1.00  postpaid. 

Money  back  if  not  satisfied. 

JOEL  SIIOMAKEI4,  Ncllita,  Washington. 


Black's  Peach  Trees-1911 


direct, saving  middleman’s  profits.*  r  «  ■  j 

New  booklet,  “Springtime  and Va!ll3DIC 
Harvest  for  the  Fruit-grower,”  free.  r\  |11« 

Joseph  H.  Black,  Son  &  Co.  BOOKlCl* 
Box  V,  Hightstown,  New  Jersey 


Sent  Free 


Surplus  Berry  Plants 

Snyder;  2,000,000  Strawberry  Plants;  500  bnshels 
Hastings  Potatoes;  Currants,  Goosebenios, Grapes, 
Asparagus,  Rhubarb,  Roses,  Vegetable  Plants,  etc. 
Send  for  free  catalogue  and  Surplus  List. 

L.  J.  FARMER.  Box  20.  Pulaski.  N.  Y. 

CHERRY  TREES 

100  Early  Richmond  Cherry 
TwoYear,  5  to  6  Feet,  $16,00 

Freight  paid  to  your  station.  All  other  nursery 
stock  sold  direct  to  planter  at  lowest  possible  prices 
for  high-grade  stock.  Send  for  descriptive  price  list. 

NEW  HAVEN  NURSERIES 

NEW  HAVEN,  MISSOURI 


FRUIT 

TREES 


Pears.  Bartlett,  Seckel  and  others. 

Fine,  healthy  trees.  Cherries  and 
Plains,  all  best  varieties.  Peaehes, 
grown  from  buds  from  bearing  trees.  Also  Grape* 
and  Currants  in  any  quantity.  General  big  advance 
in  prices  this  year  owing  to  great  demand  for  fruit 
trees  in  northwest.  Our  prices  have  not  advanced. 
Get  wholesale  prices  direct  from  us  and  $1  Lot  Offers. 
Save  J  to  J.  Free  Catalog.  Write  to-day. 

W.  P.  RUPERT  *  SON,  Box  20  Seneca,  N.  Y, 
Also  Breeders  of  Prize  Hampshire  Sheep 


K  GRAPEVINES 

69  \  arletles.  Also  Small  Fruits,  Trees,  etc.  Best  Root¬ 
ed  Slock,  Genuine,  cheap,  2  sample  vine*  mailed  lor  10c.  Deso. 
price-list  free.  LKU  IS  IIOESCII  A  SON.  Iloi  K  FrcdonU,  Ji.  V. 


— 150  ACRES.  Genesee  Valley 
2^  M  M  V  grown.  “Not  the  cheapest,  hut 
9b  I  a  I  ** 1  the  best.”  Never  have  had  Sail 
A\mJ Jose  Scale.  Established  1869. 

r atai nr  nnvv  GEO.  A.  SWEET  NURSERY  CO.. 
LAIALUb  rKtfc  20  Maple  St.,  Oansville,  N.  Y. 


PIONEER 


SIS 


FOR  ALL  KINDS  OF 

CLOVER  and  FIELD 
SEEDS  also  GARDEN, 
FLOWER  SEEDS 
and  Implements 

Write  to  this  Old  Reliable 
House — Catalogue  Free 
ami  Field  Seed  Price  List 
mailed  you  on  application. 

THE  HENRY  PHILIPPS  SEED  AND  IMPLEMENT  CO.,  Toledo,  0. 

SKKD  COHN— Reid’s  Yellow  Dent,  Imp. Learning. 
Golden  Surprise,  American  Pride,  White  Cap  and 
seed  oats.  Catalog  free.  THE0.BURT  &  SONS, Melrose, Ohio 

Catalpa  Speciosa  Seed  &  Seedlings 

13.00  to  $5.00  per  1,000.  100  postpaid  for  $1.00. 

S.  11 .  MADDEN,  Granville  Summit,  Pa. 


GATALPA 


SPECIOSA  TREES 


Mine  are  true  to  name. 
Free  booklet  tells  all 
about  the  150  acres  I  am  growing  for  telephone 

ooles.  H.  C.  ROGERS,  Box  111,  Mechanicsburo,  0. 


ELBEltTA,  CARMAN,  HIKLJEY,  and  all  the 

leading  varieties  at  prices  that  will  save  yon  money. 
We  have  APPLE,  PEAR,  PLUM,  and  other  varieties  of 
fruit  trees  also.  Catalog  free. 

BARNES  BROS.  NURSERY 


FRUIT  TREES 


Our  Proof  to  date  after  years  of  service  is  that 
we  can  save  you  not  only  money,  but  disap¬ 
pointment  when  your  trees  begin  to  fruit, 
This  Proof  will  be  submitted  with  our  new 
catalog— ask  for  it  today.  *  *  *  *  * 
H.  S.  WILEY  O  SON,  Box  122,  Cayuga,  N.Y. 


1011. 


the;  kukal  new -yorker 


403 


PECAN  TREES  IN  KANSAS. 

Tom  Davis  is  going  to  grub  out  the  six 
or  seven  acres  of  pecan  trees  that  Edwin 
Snyder,  former  owner  of  that  farm,  took 
great  pains  to  plant  19  years  ago.  The 
pecan  trees  never  proved  a  very  profitable 
investment,  as  no  nuts  were  ever  gathered 
from  them.  The  seasons  were  too  short  in 
Jefferson  county  for  the  successful  growing 
of  pecans.  All  the  wood  grown  in  one  year 
on  a  pecan  tree  is  put  forth  before  the 
tree  blooms  which  makes  the  process  of 
blossoming  very  late.  The  nuts  do  not  ma¬ 
ture  until  very  late  and  each  year  frost 
has  caught  the  crop  on  these  trees  before 
they  were  matured.  Snyder  was  very  proud 
of  his  pecan  grove  and  expected  great  things 
from  it.  So  far  as  anyone  knows  it  was 
the  only  grove  of  its  kind  in  Kansas. — Jef¬ 
ferson  County,  Eastern  Kansas. 

There  are  several  reasons  why  the 
pecan  trees  mentioned  are  not  profitable. 
The  chief  one  is  that  they  are  seedlings. 
It  has  been  proven  beyond  all  doubt  that 
seedling  pecan  trees  do  not  come  true 
to  their  parentage,  there  being  just  as 
much  variation  from  the  original  as  with 
other  trees  in  the  quality  of  the  fruit, 
except  in  such  cases  as  the  originals  are 
unimproved  and  of  the  wild  type.  They 
are  what  might  be  called  thoroughbred, 
through  long  lines  of  ancestry,  and  in 
such  case  would  come  fairly  true  from 
seed.  This  is  probably  true  in  the  case 
of  these  pecan  trees.  They  were,  in  all 
likelihood,  grown  from  wild  nuts  gath¬ 
ered  in  some  of  the  creek  or  river  bot¬ 
toms  of  Kansas  or  Missouri,  for  I  know 
that  this  tree  grows  wild  there.  I  have 
cut  and  hauled  from  the  forests  along 
the  Neosho  River  in  Kansas  many  loads 
of  pecan  wood  for  fuel  at  my  pioneer 
home  on  the  prairie,  and  I  have  gath¬ 
ered  and  eaten  nuts  from  many  wild 
trees  there.  All  of  them  were  small  and 
of  almost  no  value,  compared  with  the 
really  good  pecans  of  the  southern  re¬ 
gions.  Sometimes  they  did  not  ripen 
before  freezing  weather  and  were  frozen 
while  green  and  worthless.  If  the  pecan 
orchard  mentioned  is  of  this  type  the 
nuts  are  not  valuable  and  if  they  are  of 
the  southern  type  the  trees  are  tender 
and  the  nuts  could  scarcely  ever  ripen 
even  a  few  specimens.  Jefferson  County 
is  near  the  northeastern  corner  of  Kan¬ 
sas  and  is  a  less  suitable  home  for  the 
pecan  than  the  southern  part  of  that 
State,  where  it  is  native. 

It  is  quite  probable  that  if  these  pecan 
trees  arc  on  rich  land,  were  cut  back 
severely  and  the  sprouts  budded  to  one 
or  more  of  the  newly  found,  early  and 
really  choice  varieties  that  have  long 
been  growing  wild  in  southern  Indiana 
this  orchard  might  become”  a  valuable 
property.  The  climate  of  Kansas  is  not 
more  severe  than  that  of  Indiana.  It 
would  be  a  pity  to  grub  out  six  or  seven 
acres  of  pecan  trees  that  are  19  years 
old.  Trees  of  almost  any  kind  are  very 
valuable  in  a  prairie  country.  For  a  nut 
orchard  they  should  be  at  least  40  or  50 
feet  apart,  to  give  room  for  low  spread¬ 
ing  heads.  Within  a  few  years  there 
may  be  several  varieties  of  early  matur¬ 
ing  and  hardy  pecans  propagated  by  bud¬ 
ding  and  grafting  that  will  be  suitable 
for  growing  in  Kansas.  I  have  seen  a 
seedling  pecan  grove  in  Allen  County, 
Kansas,  near  the  Neosho  River,  that  the 
owner  told  me  yielded  fair  crops  of  good 
nuts,  but  if  the  trees  were  such  as  I 
have  suggested  they  would  be  far  more 
valuable.  h.  e.  van  deman. 


CORN  GROWING  IN  ILLINOIS. 

I  have  read  with  interest  many  times  in 
The  It.  N.-Y.  how  eastern  farmers  produce 
large  yields  of  corn  on  land  that  has  been 
in  cultivation  for  long  periods,  and  I  often 
thought  that  if  they  had  the  advantages  of 
the  Illinois  farmer  they  would  surpass  our 
best  efforts;  perhaps  our  methods  would 
interest  the  eastern  corn  grower.  Corn¬ 
fields  in  Central  Illinois  are  large.  I  have 
seen  as  much  as  200  acres  of  corn  in  one 
field ;  80-acre  fields  are  common  and  few 
fields  are  less  than  40  acres.  The  land  is 
plowed  from  the  first  of  April  to  the  twen¬ 
tieth  of  May  with  riding  gang  plows. 
These  plows  are  double,  cutting  24  or  28 
inches  at  one-half  round  and  are  drawn 
by  four  horses  abreast.  There  are  a  few 
walking  plows  and  sulkies  in  use,  but  most 
farmers  prefer  the  gang,  as  by  its  use  the 
labor  of  one  man  is  saved.  A  seed  bed  is 
perfected  by  the  use  of  the  drag  and  disk 
harrow,  planting  being  done  from  the  first 
to  the  20th  of  May.  A  great  deal  of  at- 
tentiou  is  now  paiu  to  improved  seed  coru 
and  thorough  cultivation.  The  corn  is 
planted  with  a  side-drop  wire  check-rower 
that  plants  three  grains  in  each  hill  3% 
feet  apart  each  way.  The  ground  is  now 
harrowed  a  couple  of  times  before  the  corn 
comes  up,  and  then  the  cultivator  is  put  in 
use. 

The  usual  method  is  to  cultivate  corn 
three  times,  twice  the  way  planted  and 
once  crossways.  Riding  plows  are  some¬ 
times  used,  but  a  better  job  can  be  done 
b,v  the  walking  cultivators,  as  the  riding 
plows  are  comparatively  hard  to  operate, 
and  by  their  use  a  careless  man  will  leave 
plenty  of  weeds  behind  him.  The  crop  is 
usually  “laid  by”  by  July  4  in  an  average 
season,  and  then  work  ceases  in  the  corn- 
fields.  until  harvest  time.  Owing  to  the  un¬ 
certain  price  of  cattle  very  few  are  fed  in 
winter  in  central  Illinois  compared  to  20 
or  30  years  ago.  Therefore  not  much  corn 
"  placed  in  the  shock,  hut  is  allowed  to 
stand  in  the  fields  until  husking  time,  Oc¬ 


tober  15  to  November  1.  When  the  Illinois 
farmer  is  ready  to  husk  corn  he  rigs  his 
wagon  with  a  “throw”  or  “knock-board,” 
three  eight-inch  hoards  on  the  right  side 
of  the  wagon  to  stop  the  ears  when  thrown, 
and  then  goes  to  work  for  all  he  is  worth. 
Like  most  other  things  there  is  a  knack 
in  “shucking”  corn,  some  buskers  being 
able  to  husk  and  scoop  125  bushels  or 
more  in  a  day,  while  75  bushels  is  a  big 
day’s  work  for  others.  The  coru  is  some¬ 
times  hauled  to  grain  elevators  and  sold 
from  the  field,  while  the  farmers  who  are 
in  easy  circumstances  usually  hold  for  a 
better  price.  The  wages  paid  buskers  are 
three  cents  per  bushel  with  board,  or  .$2 
per  day.  After  husking,  cattle  and  horses 
are  turned  into  the  stalk  fields  to  glean 
the  remaining  blades  of  fodder. 

Menard  County,  Ill.  w.  d.  scully. 


Dry  Bordeaux. 

Will  you  tell  me  if  the  “dry  Bordeaux” 
mixture  as  given  in  the  “Farmers’  Garden” 
was  satisfactory  as  the  “wet  Bordeaux?” 
Will  you  also  give  me  the  chemical  com¬ 
position  of  cotton-seed  meal,  used  as  a  fer¬ 
tilizer?  c.  J.  c. 

Kent's  Mill,  Maine. 

Not  quite  so  satisfactory,  because  it  is 
harder  to  put  it  on  the  plants  evenly.  While 
the  wind  blows  or  when  the  plants  are  dry 
the  dust  does  not  settle  as  well  as  the 
liquid.  When  evenly  distributed  we  believe 
it  as  effective  as  the  liquid.  The  Connecti¬ 
cut  Experiment  Station  gives  analysis  of 
samples  of  cotton-seed  meal. 


Plowing  Clover ;  Flint  Corn. 

When  is  the  best  time  to  plow  clover  sod, 
early  in  the  Spring  or  just  before  it  is  time 
to  plant,  that  is  about  May  15?  I  spread 
manure  on  it  last  Fall.  I  intend  to  plant 
it  to  corn.  What  kind  of  flint  corn  is  the 
best  to  plant,  eight  or  12-rowed,  and  how 
far  apart?  c.  c. 

t liens  Falls,  N.  Y. 

From  choice  we  would  leave  the  sod  until 
just  before  planting  so  as  to  put  the  corn 
in  fresh  plowed  land  with  all  possible 
vegetable  matter.  This  is  not  always  pos¬ 
sible.  It  often  pays  to  plow  early  and 
save  labor  and  time.  We  plant  an  eight- 
rowed  Canada  flint  three  feet  each  way. 


Champion  Potato  Diggers. — I  will  not 
hold  with  W.  U.  Howard  that  the  men  over 
in  Michigan  are  telling  yarns  about  their 
potato  digging.  It  is  the  crop  that  counts 
a  lot ;  the  crop  could  be  such  a  poor  one 
that  it  would  take  a  week  for  a  man  to  dig 
100  bushels,  with  an  extra  large  crop  the 
same  man  could  probably  do  tile  trick  in 
less  than  one  day.  I  do  not  see  anything 
unreasonable  in  the  claims  made  by  those 
potato  diggers.  It  is  the  crop,  and  the 
man.  a.  b.  wright. 

New  Jersey. 

Cheap  Paint — Some  one  asks  about  a 
cheap  paint.  The  best  that  we  have  come 
across  is  skim-milk,  or  the  milk  from  a 
new  milch  cow  before  it  is  usually  sup¬ 
posed  to  be  fit  for  humans,  and  good  Port¬ 
land  cement.  This  makes  a  leaden-colored 
paint  that  hardens  quickly,  and  seems  to 
have  all  the  staying  powers  of  cement.  We 
tint  with  Venetian  red.  Other  colors  can 
be  used,  of  course.  j.  t.  s. 


Use  a  HERCULES 


All-Steel  Triple-Power 


Stump  Puller  on 
30  Days’  Free  Trial 


Clear  up  your  stumpy  fields  at  our  risk  now 
with  a  famous  Hercules  ca30  days’ Free  Trial. 
Test  it  on  your  place  at  our  risk.  Pulls  stumps 
out,  roots  and  all.  400$  stronger  than  any 
other  puller  made.  Triple  power  attachment 
means  one-third  greater  pull.  The  only  stump 
puller  guaranteed  for  3  years.  Only  one  with 
Double  Safety  Ratchets.  Only  one  with  all 
bearings  and  working*  parts  turned,  finished 
and  machined,  reducing  friction,  increasing 
power,  making  .  it  extremely  light-running. 

I  Hitch  on  to  any  stump 
400  c/o  ftem  and  the 

More 
Power 


Stump  is  Bound 
to  Come 


Also  pulls  largest- 
sized  green  trees, 
hedgerows, 
etc.  Don’t  risk 
dangerous 
and  costly 
dynamite.  It 
only  shatters 
stump  and  leaves 
roots  in  ground. 
Save  big  money 
by  getting  our 
rnrp  and  free  trial  offer.  Also 

■T  1\EE  special  proposition  to 

first  buyers  whore  wo  have  no  agents.  Write  us  a 
postal  card  today.  Address 


HERCULES  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

130  17th  Street,  Centerville,  Iowa 


The  messages  of  radiation 


Here  is  heating  that  is 
master  of  the  coal-hod 
— heating  which  makes 
the  scuttle  take  a  back 
seat  —  heating  which 
cuts  your  coal  bill  to 
the  limit,  saves  work, 
and  cuts  out  the  ash- 
dust,  coal-gases,  smoke 
and  soot. 


are  worthy  of  their  name.  They  meet  the  American  ideal  of  uniform, 
healthful  heating,  with  greatest  fuel  economy.  IDEAL  Boilers  and 
AMERICAN  Radiators  are  perfectly  safe — may  be  run  by  a  child. 


IDEAL  Boilers  consume  less  soft  coal  or  cheapest  screenings  to  heat  the  whole  house 
than  stoves  consume  of  expensive  hard  coal  to  heat  a  few  rooms.  They  also  burn 
lignites,  wood,  coke,  oil,  gas,  etc. — anything  that  will  burn.  Every  known  improve¬ 
ment  and  many  exclusive  features  make  IDEAL  Boilers  and  AMERICAN  Radiators 
the  most  efficient  and  economical  in  the  world,  yet  our  enormous  volume  of  sales 


A  No.  A-241  IDEAL  Boiler  and  461  sq.  ft. 
of  38-in.  AMERICAN  Radiators,  costing 
owner  $21  5,  were  used  to  heat  this 
cottage.  At  this  price  the  goods  can  be 
bought  of  any  reputable,  competent  Fit¬ 
ter.  This  did  not  include  cost  of  labor, 
pipe,  valves,  freight,  etc.,  which  are  extra 
and  vary  according  to  climatic  and  other 
conditions. 


enables  us  to  put  the  price  within  reach  of  all. 

In  IDEAL  Boilers  the  same  water  is  used  over 
and  over  and  over  again.  It  is  not  necessary 
that  the  IDEAL  Boiler  should  be  supplied  di¬ 
rect  from  the  street  water-main,  as  when  once 
filled  it  requires  but  a  small  amount  of  water 
to  replace  the  loss  due  to  evaporation.  Hence 
IDEAL  Boilers  are  put  in  farmhouses  and 
other  buildings  remote  from  waterworks  sup¬ 
ply.  A  few  gallons  only  of  water  need  be 
added  once  or  twice  during  the  season. 

Why  not  put  in  at  once  IDEAL  Boilers  and  AMERI¬ 
CAN  Radiators  and  cut  your  fuel  bills,  passing  a 
winter  of  solid,  clean  comfort,  every  room  and  hall 
“warm  as  a  pepper-pod,”  without  spreading  ash-dust 
or  coal-gases  to  ruin  the  housewife’s  disposition  and 
the  house  furnishings.  “Fuel  saved"  plus  freedom 
from  repairs  (nothing  to  rust  or  wear  out  as  long  as 
house  stands)  make  IDEAL  Boilers  and  AMERICAN 
Radiators  the  best  investment  in  home  equipment. 
Let  us  tell  you  our  full  story — complete,  valuable 
book  of  heating  facts  sent  free.  Write  us  today. 


Public 

Showrooms  in  all 
large  cities 


Write  to 
Department  9 
Chicago 


Anyway, 
Try  this 

DIGGER 


w\ 


KfSPV  Saves  you  at  least  15 

cents  a  bushel  on  the  cost  of  - 
i  digging.  Gets  the  potatoes  out 
’  of  the  ground  clean  and  whole. 

All  si:  es.  Elevator  diggers  for  large 
L  fields.  Success  Jr.  for  small  patches. 
L  Write  for  new  catalogue  of  Diggers 
j,  and  Farm  Machinery  and  let  us  tell  A 
k\  youhowyoucantryaFarquhar.  vll 
A.  B.  FAItqUIUR  CO.,  Ltd. 

Box  200  York.  Fa. 


THE  HAMILTON  RESERVOIR 
ORCHARD 
HEATER 


Positively 
the  most 
ef  fecti  vo 
heater  be¬ 
cause  of  its 
REGULATED 
FIRE.  Many 
other  points  of  superiority. 

Write  for  our  RED  BOOK  on  orchard 
heating  free.  Tells  you  how  Jjest  to  smudge 
HAMILTON  ORCHARD  HEATER  CO.,  Grand  Junction,  Colo. 


This  Safety  Lift 

Saves  Your  Strength 

You  can  do  more  heavy  lifting  alone  than  three  men  by 
the  U80  of  this  handy  device.  Has  a  score  of  u&es  on  the 
faim  every  day.  Saves  lime  ami  labor. 

Just  the  tiling  for  changing  wagon  boxes  and  auto 
bodies,  stretching  wires,  moving  heavy  stones,  storing 
machinery,  hoisting  grain,  doing  any  kind  of  lifting 
about  the  farm. 

Morgan  Safety  Lift 
Locks  At  Any  Angle 

Holds  or  releases  a  load  at  a  given  point 
without  use  of  confusing  check  cord.  Cam 
grips  rope  without  gouging.  Heavier  the  load, 
the  tighter  it  grips.  No  extra  parts  to  get  out 
of  order.  So  simple  it  can  be  operated  by 
one  hand. 

Made  Entirely  of  Steel 

Pulleys  and  blocks  of  best  possible  construc¬ 
tion.  Will  last  a  lifetime.  Drop  forged 
awivel  hook  makes  it  easy  to  move  load 
about  without  unfastening  lilt. 

Sold  Direct  From  Factory 

Made  in  two  sizes.  2,500  lbs.  capacity 
$1.75.  G,000  lbs.  capacity  $3.00  These  prices 

good  for  a  limited  time  only.  Order  di¬ 
rect  From  the  innniif iieturer  ami  save 
dealer’s  and  jobber’s  profits.  Handiest  thing 
you  ever  had  on  the  farm.  Send  for  one  to-day 
— at  once— while  you  think  of  it— and  take  ad¬ 
vantage  of  these  special  introductory  prices. 

MORGAN  BLOCK  CO. 

Dept.  18,  Cleveland,  O. 


Orchard  and  Fa 

All  genuine  “Cutaways”  are  intense  cultivators  and 
will  increase  your  crops  25  to  50  percent.  Our  Double 
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earth  twice  on  every  trip.  We  can  prove  it. 

“Intensive  Cultivation,”  our  new  catalogue  is  Free. 
Send  for  it  today. 

CUTAWAY  HARROW  CO.,  839  Main  St.,  Higgantun,  Conn. 


SflOO  BUYSA 

FULL  ROLL 

■  (108  sq.  ft.) 

of  strictly  high  grade  roof¬ 
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coat  surface,  with  cement 
and  nails  complete. 

Most  liberal  offer  ever 
made  on  a  first  class  roof¬ 
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that  sell  at  much  higher 
prices.  Don’t  spend  a  dol¬ 
lar  on  roofing  until  you 
have  seen 

ASPHALT  ROOFING 

You  send  no  money  when 
you  order  Unito  Roofing. 
Satisfaction  Guaranteed. 
Write  today  for  free  Cata¬ 
logue  and  free  samples 
for  test  and  comparison 
and  our  unparalleled  sell¬ 
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ROOFING 

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Book  and  bottom  Fac¬ 
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you  get  our  prices  and 
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PAINT 

Try  Unito 
paint  free.  If 
It  does  not 
spread  best, 
go  farthest, 
look  best, 
after  you 
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and  big  free  cata¬ 
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Wonderful  bargains  In 
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each  absolutely  guaran¬ 
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trial.  Don't  pay  $15  to  $25 
extra  to  dealer  for  less 
value.  Order  a 

Unito  Buggy 

on  our  trial  offer  and  prove  for  your¬ 
self  that  it  is  best.  Writ©  today 
for  our  big  freo  catalogue. 


Unito  Gas  Engine 

Let  us  send  you  a  Unito 
Engine  on  our  No-Money - 
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pare  It  with  any  other 
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want  to  keep  It,  send 
it  back— we  refund  even 
freight  charges.  Made 
in  all  styles  and  sizes— 
lowest  prices  —  all  guar¬ 
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FARM 

IMPLEMENTS 

Everything  from 
garden  tools  to 
heavy  power  ma¬ 
chinery.  Fully 
guaranteed.  Sent 
on  Free  Trial  to  sel  1 
themselves  by  their 
dependability  and 
high  quality.  Real 
factory  prices  save 
you  big  money. 
Send  for  big  free 
catalogue. 


Farm  Fence 

Extra  quality  fence 
— all  styles  and  sizes 
— rockbottom  prices. 
Perfect  poultry  .jar- 
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extra  close  woven  at 
bottom  to  keep  out 
even  little  chicks, 
and  wider  and  strong¬ 
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and  cattle.  Don’t  buy 
fence  till  you  get  our 
Factory  price.  Free 
catalogue  on  request. 


SEWING 

MACHINES 

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prices  when  wo 
guarantee  you 
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at  a  big  saving. 
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days’ free  trial. 

S.,  and  pro.,  for 
yourself  befor.  you 
pay.  Get  catalogue. 


The  United  Factories  Company  consists  of  a  number  of  factories  co-operating  under  one  selling 

head,  to  deliver  direct  to  consumer— The  Bast  Goods  at  the  Lowest  Prices.  Write  today  for  our 
Big  Book  explaining  the  plan  that  will  save  you  money,  mentioning  articles  interested  in.  'p, 

The  United  Factories  Company)  Station  fl-3 1 ,  Cleveland,  Ohio 


-494 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 


April  15, 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal."  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


iart 

T7  j 

.JHD 


■V'  "1 

0m 
m 

■■/"'"A 

•■■Mi 


/> 

y  jrliam  and  Silo 

^  Laurel,  McL 
Roofed  with 
NEPONSET 
Par v  id  Roofing."] 


For  Your  Silo 

your  bam ,  your  poultry  house,  or  your 
residence,  there  is  a  suitable  |\IEP°NSET 
Roofing. 

NEponseT 

Paroid  Roofing 

has  been  tested  thoroughly  by  farmers  in 
every  section  of  the  country  and  found  to 
be  a  great  saving  of  expense,  a  protection 
against  fire,  and  a  relief  from  repair  bills. 

Roof  your  barn  with  NEpdnseT  Paroid 
Roofing  and  your  residence  with  NEponseT 
Proslate — your  roofing  difficulties  wil  1  vanish. 

Write  for  Book  of  Plans  of 
Farm  and  Poultry  Buildings 

There  are  NEPONSET  Dealers  everywhere.  If  you 
do  not  know  (he  one  in  your  locality,  write  us  and  we 
will  tell  you.  We  will  also  tell  you  the  buildings 
nearby  where  NEPONSET  Roofines  have  been  used. 

F.  W.  BIRD  &  SON 
130  Neponset  Street,  East  Walpole,  Mass..  U.  S.  A. 

Established  7795.  Originators  of  Complete  Ready 
Roofings  and  Waterproof  Building  Papers. 

New  York  Washington  Chicago  Portland,  Ora.  San  Francisco 
Hamilton,  Ont.  Winnipeg  Montreal  6L  John 


Try  the  DELI N 

ff/th  Your  Money  /nVoi/rPocAef 


Try  It  for  30 days  on  yonr  own  roads;  then, 
If  you  find  it  entirely  satisfactory  .you  pay 

us.  Buggies--all  styleB-and  harness  at  lowest 

wholesale  prices,  direct  to  you,  on  approval. 

No  Cash  With  Order— No  Deposit 

“  DELIN  ”  offers  more  liberal  terms  and 
better  values  than  you  can  get  elsewhere. 

I  Oar  FREE  1911  Catalog  gives  full  information.  Sbowa 
metal  auto  Beat  buesries  and  hundreds 
of  other  dandy  etyles.  Get  acquainted 
with  the  valuea  wo  offer  also  with  our 
exclusive ‘*PKI-*IN*,  terms.  Write  lor 

FREE  CATALOG  Today. 


The  Delin  Carriage  Co. 

17  3*.  Central  Avenue 
Cincinnati,  Ohio 


The  worst  enemy  of  the  Pear  growers  can 
not  be  controlled  with  lime  sulphur,  but 


** 


9  9 


used  in  the  Spring  just  before  leafing  will  not  only 
control  the  Psylla  but  San  Jose  Scale  and  all 
fungus  troubles  controllable  in  the  dormant  season. 

PRICES:  In  barrels  and  half  barrels,  50c  per  gallon;  10 
gallon  cans,  $li.OO;  5 gallon  cans,  S3 .25;  1  gallon  cans.  Si. 00. 
Conclusive  proofs  in  booklets,  ‘‘Orchard  Dividends”  and 
“Modem  Methods  of  Harvesting,  Grading  and  Kicking 
Apples.”  both  free. 

If  you  want  cheap  oils,  our  “CARBOLE1NE"  at  30c 
per  gallon  is  the  equal  of  anything  else. 

K.  G.  PRATT  CO.,  Mfg.  Chemists. 

50  Church  St.,  New  York  City. 


YOU  Need  This  Book — It’s  FREE 

Every  farmer  and  truck  grower  needs  a  copy  of 

Herrmann’s  1911  Almanac 

Besides  being  full  of  valuable  and  interesting  data  for 
fanners  and  fruit  growers,  it  shows  the  proper  way 
to 'apply  the  purest  and  most  efficient  Paris  Green 
made — Herrmann’s  Hi-Graile  Pure  Paris  Green. 
You’ll  get  the  results  you  expect  Address 
Morris  Herrmann  &  Co.,  1%  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York. 


It’s  Portable 


The  modern  way  to  keep  chickens.  They  never 
W  niti  at  large  to  destroy  your  garden  or  bother  yonr 
/neighbors.  Eliminates  disease  and  keeps  the  hens 
laying  the  year  round.  Big  enough  for  20  hens. 
Made  of  heavy  one-iuch  lumber  with  weather-proof 
galvanized  steel  roof.  Complete  with  roosts,  nests 
and  dropping  board  all  ready  to  use.  Beautifully  finished. 
Ar  ornamenttc  ally  property.  You  couldn't  buy  the  material 
and  labor  to  build  this  house  at  $25.  We  will  prove  that  by 
selling  them  on  40  days  trial  and  will  return  your  money 
ll  you  are  no>  satisfied.  Immediate  shipment  guaranteed. 

THE  BtCKEYE  INCUBATOR  CO., 

508  Euclid  Ave«  _ 8pring4lelq,  Ohio. 


PEAR 

PSYLLA 


COW  MANURE  FOR  THE  HOTBED. 

M.  E.  L .,  on  page  392.  asks  for  a  substi¬ 
tute  for  horse  manure  in  making  hotbeds. 
If  he  can  get  cow  manure  he  can  make  it  do 
the  work  as  well.  I  have  used  it  for  three 
seasons,  and  find  it  answers  the  purpose 
equally  well,  taking  it  for  granted  that  it  is 
wanted  to  raise  plants  in  the  Spring,  say 
from  March  1  on.  1  don't  believe  it  would 
give  heat  enough  for  earlier  use  in  the  ex¬ 
treme  cold  weather.  When  I  bought  a  small 
home  with  a  good-sized  garden  here  in  the 
suburbs  of  Chicago  1  was  pleased  to  think 
that  I  would  be  able  to  get  all  the  horse 
manure  I  would  want  for  making  a  few  hot¬ 
beds  in  the  Spring,  but  I  soon  found  my 
mistake.  Chicago  is  surrounded  by  market 
gardens,  and  there  is  great  competition 
amongst  the  gardeners  at  that  time  to  get 
hold  of  all  the  horse  manure  possible.  After 
much  trouble  I  secured  a  small  load,  paying 
$3,  barely  enough  to  raise  a  few  tomato 
plants.  I  concluded  that  unless  I  could  get- 
a  substitute  I  should  have  to  give  up  my 
idea  of  having  hotbeds.  The  following 
Spring  I  resolved  to  try  cow  manure,  hav¬ 
ing  a  family  cow,  and  found  it  answered  my 
purpose  well.  I  will  tell  how  I  prepare  it : 

Using  plenty  of  bedding,  I  throw  the  ma¬ 
nure  during  the  Winter,  as  it  is  made,  in  a 
pile,  under  a  rough  shelter  of  boards;  the 
idea  is  to  keep  it  from  freezing  as  much  as 
possible.  When  we  get  the  first  spell  of 
good  weather,  on  or  after  March  1,  I  start 
to  heat  my  manure  in  this  manner : 

I  throw  the  frozen  outside  of  the  pile  in 
a  separate  heap ;  then  take  the  middle  ot 
the  old  pile  and  build  a  new  one,  shaking  it 
up  loosely  and  keeping  it  level  until  about 
two  feet  high.  Then  I  pile  on  a  wheelbar¬ 
row  load  or  two  of  hen  manure,  spreading 
it  out,  but  leaving  it  thickest  in  the  middle  ; 
then  another  layer  of  about  two  feet  of 
well  shaken  out  cow  manure.  Then  1  have 
ready  a  couple  of  pailfuls  of  hot  water,  old 
soapsuds  would  be  fine,  and  throw  this  over 
the  pile.  I  finish  the  pile  to  a  conical  heap, 
throwing  on  the  frozen  manure,  if  there  is 
any,  on  top.  In  about  three  or  four  days 
this  will  heat,  and  will  have  thawed  the 
frozen  stuff  out,  and  should  then  be  worked 
over  and  in  fact  handled  like  horse  manure. 

I  use  only  the  two  center  sashes  as  my 
starting  bed,  the  soil  having  been  thrown 
out  to  allow  me  to  have  the  manure  two  to 
2%  feet  deep  when  well  stamped  down,  put¬ 
ting  three  to  four  inches  of  good  soil  ov 
top,  so  as  to  leave  only  about  two  inches  of 
space  on  the  south  or  low  side  of  the  bed. 
This  leaves  less  space  to  heat  for  the  ma¬ 
nure,  but  it  will  have  sunken  down  about 
three  or  four  inches  more  by  the  time  the 
plants  arc  high  enough  to  need  more  space. 

About  March  7-10,  I  sow  my  tomato  seed, 
also  cabbage,  onions  and  early  celery.  Cel¬ 
ery  I  sow  close  to  the  south  side  of  the 
frame  (east  and  west)  where  it  is  shady 
and  the  other  seeds  only  make  a  stunted 
growth,  the  dripping  from  the  glass  keeping 
the  seed  moist,  just  right  for  celery.  Prize- 
taker  onion  seed  comes  in  a  row  to  the 
west,  a  row  or  two  of  early  cabbage  along 
the  east  side.  This  leaves  the  middle  for 
the  tomato  plants.  While  those  first  seeds 
are  growing  I  make  my  other  sashes  ready, 
using  only  about  a  foot  of  manure,  and  of 
course  throwing  out  that  much  less  dirt. 
Rut  I  bank  all  hotbeds  well  with  manure, 
even  with  the  top  of  frame,  and  cover  at 
night  for  the  first  couple  of  weeks.  Around 
about  the  first  week  in  April  the  tomato 
plants  are  ready  to  transplant  and  soon 
form  stocky,  strong  plants.  1  raise  and  sell 
about  5,000  tomato  plants  that  way,  keep¬ 
ing  100  for  my  own  use.  Cabbage  and 
celery  plants  do  not  sell  as  well,  and  I 
raise  about  1000  of  each.  After  the  tomato 
plants  are  sold,  I  rake  the  beds  over,  clean¬ 
ing  out  all  the  weeds,  then  transplant  my 
early  golden  celery  (Self  Blanching)  about 
eight  inches  apart,  making  around  00  plants 
to  a  sash.  When  hot  weather  starts,  I  cover 
with  a  slat  covering  made  of  plastering 
laths,  putting  the  laths  equal  spaces  apart, 
keeping  it  carefully  watered ;  the  celery 
makes  a  fine  growth  and  soon  fills  up  the 
space  completely.  At  the  approach  of  cool 
Fall  weather  it  blanches  to  a  fine  golden 
color  without  any  trouble  or  handling,  and 
finds  ready  sale. 

Another  use  of  the  sash  is  made  as  fol¬ 
lows:  During  the  Summer  I  mark  the 

heaviest  stalks  in  my  rhubarb  bed.  When 
the  first  hard  frost  has  killed  the  growth  ! 
dig  up  those  roots  and  plant  15  roots  each 
in  those  two  hotbeds  that  had  the  two  feet 
of  manure  in  the  Spring.  When  the  sud 
begins  to  warm  things  up  the  following 
Spring  I  cover  with  glass,  throwing  a 
couple  of  old  pieces  of  carpet  over  it  at 
night.  This  rhubarb  is  about  three  to  six 
weeks  ahead  of  the  outside  stalks,  and 
brings  a  fair  price  early  in  the  season  ;  in 
fact,  keeping  up  to  furnish  tender  stalks  all 
Summer  if  well  watered,  but  the  roots  are 
wasted  by  Fall  and  only  fit  for  the  manure 
pile.  c.  h. 

Chicago,  Ill. 


Li me-Sulfhue  and  Arsenates. — I  have 
been  spraying  peach  trees  with  the  self- 
boiled  lime-sulphur  for  several  years ;  last 
year  for  the  first  time  I  used  arsenate  of  lead 
in  addition,  with  most  satisfactory  results. 
The  self-boiled  lime-sulphur  was  made  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  formula  of  8-8-50  with  three 
pounds  of  arsenate  of  lead  added  just  before 
spraying.  This  is  according  to  the  direc¬ 
tions  from  Profs.  Waite  and  Scott  at  Wash¬ 
ington.  I).  C.  1  started  by  using  the  form¬ 
ula  10-10-50,  but  burned  the  foliage  badly. 
I  have  also  burned  it  with  the  8-8-50  by 
having  especially  good  lime,  and  allowing 
it  to  slake  a  little  too  long.  There  is  a 
great  difference  in  lime,  and  consequently 
in  the  length  of  time  it  should  be  allowed 
to  slake  before  adding  cold  water.  I 
never  knew  of  any  bark  injury.  I  feel  the 
lime-sulphur  is  our  salvation  against  the 
“brown  rot"  and  adding  arsenate  of  lead  to 
kill  curculio  we  thereby  eliminate  a  large 
part  of  the  danger  from  rot,  since  I  think 
much  of  it  starts  from  curculio  punctures. 
The  authorities  at  Washington  could  give 
late  bulletins  I  believe  on  this  subject, 
which  would  discuss  it  very  thoroughly. 

Pennsylvania.  D.  m.  weetz. 


Be  The  First  In 
Your  Community 

The  buckeye  traction 

_DITCHER  offers  you  an 
opportunity  to  make  a  net 
profit  of  $15.00  to  $18.00  a 
day  in  your  neighborhood, 
digging  ditches.  Every 
farmer  realizes  the  value  of 
drainage  and  wants  it  more 
now  than  ever  before,  because 
he  can  buy  it  from  25%  to 
50%  cheaper  than  the  old 
method  of  hand  labor.  The 
BUCKEYE  digs  from  100  to 
150  rods  a  day.  There  is  no 
difficult}’  keeping  the 
machine  busy  and  it  pays  for 
itself  in  a  very  short  time.  It 
is  operated  by  2  men  ;  simple 
in  construction  and  does  not 
require  an  expert  mechanic 
to  manage.  For  further  in¬ 
formation  write  for  our  cata¬ 
logue  No.  3. 

The  Buckeye  Traction 
Ditcher  Company 

Findlay,  Ohio 


Hay  Unloader 

This  Hoist  is  designed  to 
meet  the  needs  of  farmers 
who  have  Gas  or  Steam 
Power,  and  is  of  especial 
interest  for  their  use  in  un¬ 
loading  hay  and  grain,  and 
in  filling  the  ice  house  and 
storing  feed.  etc.  Write  for 
full  particulars  and  price. 
John  Farrell.  Newton,  N.  J. 


cccn  flATC  Sensation  yielded  DC  Li  bus.  per 
acre  on  2.ri  acres.  Best  oats  in  cul¬ 
tivation.  Largest  grail),  stiffest  straw,  and  almost 
as  heavy  as  wheat.  Try  them  this  season  and  double 
your  yield.  It  will  be  the  best  investment  you  ever 
made.  Sample  and  catalogue  free. 

THEO.  HURT  &  SONS  .  .  Melrose,  Ohio 

STRAWBERRY  PLANTS. 

Seven  of  the  very  best  varieties  out  of  a  hundred : 
they  have  stood  the  test,  we  have  them  pure  and 
our  prices  are  right. 

Also,  have  a  few  more  of  our  selected  New  Stone 
Tomato  Seed  at  $1.00  per  lb.,  as  long  as  they  last. 

Don’t  forget  to  get  our  1911  Catalogue  of  all  kinds 
of  vegetable  plants  in  their  season.  We  have  a 
fine  lot  of  Asparagus  Roots  to  offer  this  spring— 
the  finest  we  liave  ever  had. 

ROMANCE  SEED.  PIANT  AND  TRUCK  FARM, 

Caleb  Bobos  &  Son,  Cheswold,  Delaware. 


Paint  Is  Cheaper 
Than  New 

Buildings 

You  know  how 
quickly  a  building 
that  never  saw  paint 
goes  to  rack  and  ruin. 

The  boards  rot 
around  the  nails,  they 
crack  and  warp. 

Only  constant  re¬ 
pair  keeps  the  build¬ 
ing  standing. 

An  occasional  coat  of  good  paint  made  with 

“Dutch  Boy  Painter” 

White  Lead 

and  real  linseed  oil  will  save  your  buildings 
and  reduce  repair,  to  say  nothing  of  im¬ 
proving  the  looks  of  the  place. 

Decide  to  use  "Dutch  Boy  Painter”  White 
Lead  this  spring.  It’s  a  mighty  good  investment. 
Write  for  our  “ Helps  No.  1308  which  will  tell 
you  why,  how.  with  what  and  when  to  i>aint. 

National  Lead  Company 

New  York  Cleveland  Chicago 

St.  Louis  Boston  Buffalo 

Cincinnati  San  Francisco 
lohn  T.  Lewis  A  Bros.  Co..  Philadelphia 
National  Lead  A  Oil  Co..  Pittsburgh 


(Price  $10  and  Up 

Earn  #10  a  day  and  more,  easily, 
sawing  firewood,  lumber,  lath,  posts, 
etc.,  for  yourself  and  neighbors  with  a 

Hertzler  &  Zook 
Portable  Wood  Saw 

Fully  Guaranteed  for  One  Year 

The  Hertzler  &  Zook  is  the  cheapest  and  best 
Baw  you  can  buy.  Direct  factory  prices— finest 
.  tested  materials.  Easier  than 
/  X  other  saws  to  operate  because 
Js\J/  t  the  stick  sits  low  and  the 

saw  draws  it  on  as  soon 
as  you  start  work.  It  Is 
the  only  saw  made,  sell- 
lngat$t0,  to  which  a  ripping 
table  can  be  added.  W  rile  for 
circular  and  save  money. 
Hertzlei  &  Took  Co.,  Box  3 

Belleville,  J'», 


RIFE 

RAM 


Water  in  Quantity 


all  over  yonr  farm-house,  field 
or  barn— pumped  without  cost  or 
trouble  for  you  by 
an  automatic  Kife 

- Ram.  li  a  i  s  e  a 

vater  30  feet  for  each  foot  of  fall 
no  trouble  or  pumping  exponse. 
itisfaction  guaranteed.  Booklet, 
ans,  estimate.  FREE. 

FE  ENGINE  CO.,  2429  Trinitr  Bldg.  N.Y. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  THAT  CROW 


All  Standard  Varieties.  Also  RASPBERRY.  BLACKBERRY. 
CURRANT  and  GRAPE  Plants  and  ASPARAGUS  Roou  in 
ASSORTMENT.  WARRANTED  TRUE-TO-N  AME,  and  of 
GRADE  represented.  Catalog  with  Cultural  Instructions  FREE. 

C  E.  WHITTEN.  BOX  11 .  BRIDGMAN.  MICHIGAN. 

d  AUI  I  AC — TWENTY  kinds  (my  selection)  $1. 
UnflLlHO  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Write  for 
full  particulars.  H.  F.  BURT.  Taunton.  Mass. 

UIOK 

Highest  Grade— Sanitary 

Not  a  particle  of  wood  about  them 
Quick  to  open  —  Quick  to  close  — 
Quick  to  please — Quick  shipments. 
Ask  for  1910  Catalogue. 

BOWEN  &  QUICK.  Mir?  Auburn.  N.  Y. 


CHAMOIS  SKIN  KHAKI 


IS  THE  POPULAR  WORK  SHIRT  OF  AMERICA 

because — IT  IS  A  REAL  WORK  SHIRT.  Made  of  especially  woven  khaki  with  the 
soft  chamois  skin  finish,  by  skilled  operators  and  GUARANTEED.  Army  wear 
proved  the  value  of  khaki  to  the  U.  S.  government,  and  eruery  day  wear  will  prove  to 
you  the  value  of  the  Chamois  Skin  Khaki  Work  Shirt.  At  your  dealer’s;  if  not  send  us 
his  name,  your  collar  size  and  50c  in  stamps  for  sample  shirt  and  book  of  new  patterns. 

The  President  Shirt  Co.  121  Wyoming  St.,  Baltimore,  Md. 


Co  the  man  behind  the  Plow  wants  a  Good  Fertilizer.  For  the 

i  armers,  Land’s  sake  give  him  the  real  Farm  Chemical,  such  as ; 


Nitrate  of  Soda 
Sulphate  of  Potash 


Muriate  of  Potash 
Kainit 


Our  40  years  of  experience,  prompt  service,  best  facilities,  are  back  of  every  bag  of  these  Genuine  Materials. 
We  advise  to  buy  now,  prompt  service.  Write  us  for  Prices  TO-DAY.  Any  amount  from  200-lb.  bag  up. 


FARMERS  UNITED  CHEMICAL  CO., 


Box  317,  Reading,  Pa. 


(i 


“NEW  MODERN"  Sanitary  STEEL  STALLS 

Simple,  Strong,",  and  Vermin  Proof. 

Easily  Installed  for  Concrete  Work. 

NEW  MODERN”  SWING  STANCHIONS 

Swivel  or  Chain,  Wood  or  Steel 

When  open  is  held  firmly  in  position  by  automatic  latch,  yet 
when  closed  swings  easily  on  metal  hearings  with  every  head 
movement.  Extension  bar  prevents  cattle  entering  at  side. 

Plans  and  Estimates  Furnished  Free.  All 
Material  and  Workmanship  Guaranteed. 

Write  todav  for  full  details  and  our  new  catalog  covering 

LITTER,  ENSILAGE  and  PLATFORM  CARRIERS,  WATER  BASINS 
with  covers.  STEEL  STALLS,  GATES.  TANKS,  etc. 

Sales  Agents  for  Foster’s  “CHAMPION”  Steel  Stanchion 

GLOR  BROS.  &  WILLIS  MFG-  CO-,  86  Main  St 

l  “Everything  for  the  Iiarn” 


Attica,  New  York. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


AQo 


THE  FRUIT  OUTLOOK. 

Fruit  in  Eastern  Pennsylvania. 

The  prospects  in  this  section  are  very 
good  for  all  kinds  of  fruit.  However,  the 
fruit  crop  of  this  country  is  not  large 
enough  to  count  in  a  commercial  way.  There 
is  little  danger  of  the  fruit  business  being 
overdone  here.  There  are  a  few  good  or¬ 
chards  scattered  over  the  county  which  are 
well  cared  for  and  returns  are  such  as  to 
encourage  the  growers.  Most  of  the  farm¬ 
ers’  orchards  are  dead  or  dying  with  the 
scale,  as  the  trees  are  too  large  to  spray. 
There  is  a  good  bit  of  activity  in  replanting 
these  family  supply  orchards  and  they  will 
be  well  taken  care  of.  There  is  a  large  in¬ 
crease  in  peach  planting  and  the  business 
is  likely  to  be  overdone  in  our  market, 
Trenton,  N.  .7.  I  refer  more  to  that  part 
of  New  Jersey  lying  around  Trenton.  Prices 
of  peaches  1908  per  basket  for  fancy,  $1.50 
to  $2;  1909,  $1.00;  1910,  80  cents. 

Fallsington,  Pa.  r.  p.  l. 


Fanning  in  Southern  New  Jersey. 

Peaches  were  injured  very  much  by  the 
cold  weather  the  past  Winter,  the  thermom¬ 
eter  going  as  low  as  four  below.  Pears  and 
most  other  fruits  seem  to  be  all  right,  and 
the  prospect  for  a  good  crop  favorable. 
This  part  of  New  Jersey  is  particularly 
adapted  to  raising  of  strawberries  and  all 
other  kinds  of  berries,  and  more  straw¬ 
berries  will  be  planted  or  raised  than  ever 
before.  Spraying  is  indulged  in  more  gen¬ 
erally  every  year  with  good  results  to  those 
who  do  it  intelligently.  Those  who  culti¬ 
vate  fruit  of  most  kinds  and  in  particular 
strawberries  do  not  fear  over-production,  es¬ 
pecially  if  the  fruit  is  of  a  high  order. 
Planting  is  now  being  done  by  farmers,  and 
in  everything  will  exceed  any  former  sea¬ 
son,  and  the  outlook  is  good.  Farming  in 
this  part  is  making  good  progress  for  the 
reason  farmers  are  taking  better  care  of 
the  soil,  as  well  as  showing  an  increased 
interest  in  keeping  up  and  improving  the 
appearance  of  their  buildings  and  the  fences 
and  grounds  about  them.  Much  of  the  soil 
here  was  given  over  to  sorrel,  the  soil  being 
sour  and  fitted  for  its  growth.  A  farmer 
told  me  there  would  be  double  the  amount 
of  lime  used  this  season  over  any  previous 
one.  Farming  conditions  about  here  are 
much  improved  over  former  years,  due  to 
taking  better  care  of  the  soil.  These  con¬ 
ditions  have  been  brought  about  largely 
through  the  influence  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  for 
there  are  few  up-to-date  farmers  who  do  not 
take  it  and  read  carefully,  and  follow  out 
what  they  read.  G.  T.  r, 

Vineland,  N.  J. 


Apples  in  Chester  Co„  Pa. 

At  present  apples  are  mainly  imported 
from  York  State  into  our  Chester  County, 
Pa.,  towns.  Our  Italian  venders  mostly 
sell  boxed  apples  from  Oregon  and  Wash¬ 
ington,  so  that  apples  here  now  are  as 
rare  and  cost  equally  with  oranges.  There 
is  very  little  fruit  stored  here  by  our 
orchardlsts.  The  late  J.  Hibbard  Bartram,  of 
our  Westtown  Township,  was  the  pioneer 
In  placing  apples  in  cold  storage.  Our 
peaches  come  from  Delaware  and  New 
Jersey,  south  and  east  of  us  ;  grapes  from 
New  York  State.  Our  orchards  have  here¬ 
tofore  been  small  and  neglected.  A  few 
of  the  farmers  near  towns  offer  their 
apples  at  stores  and  from  house  to  house 
during  the  Summer  season.  Within  a  short 
time  large  orchards  are  being  planted  in 
our  country  from  500  up  to  about  1,000 
trees.  There  are  two  large  nurseries  within 
a  radius  of  three  miles  of  West  Chester, 
our  county  town,  the  Iloopes  Bros.  & 
Thomas  and  Morris  Nursery  companies. 
These  report  an  unprecedented  sale  of 
apples  and  peach  trees,  both  for  home  and 
foreign  planting.  Several  large  plantings 
might  be  named  as  having  been  last  and 
are  being  set  out  this  year  within  the 
limits  of  our  county.  There  is  also  in¬ 
creased  spraying  and  trimming.  At  one 
a,  our  £arm  supply  warehouses  in  West 
Chester,  16  barrels  of  spraying  material 
has  been  already  sold  this  Spring,  where 
but  last  year  the  material  was  slowly  sold 
by  cans.  There  is  an  increase,  too,  of 
itinerant  sprayers  and  trimmers.  Some¬ 
where  or  somehow  there  have  been  gradu- 
ma,ny  tree  doctors,  and  these  are  at 
I,  •  *  .  I>ennsylvania  Railroad  instruc¬ 
tion  trains  have  traversed  not  onlv  our 
county,  but  State.  These  trains  have  been 
turnished  without  cost  by  the  company,  and 
lectures,  and  demonstrations  by  our  State 
♦A  i  e\i  ,,As  indicating  a  result  of  these 
travel  talks  and  demonstrations,  a  I’hila- 
delphia  paper  mentions  the  fact  that  un- 

rrth®,stlinulus  o£  the  Williamsport  Board 
*ie  farms  have  been  purchased 
j  two  orchards  have  been 

2 nAft™  apple  and  peach  trees,  one  of 
"S  a,n(?  the  Other  of  3,000  trees,  the 
Planted  with  peach  tree  fil- 
te‘s;,  ™s. J8  quoted  as  a  famous  apple- 
hefm'»gi-ibelo  Tlie  probabilities  are  that 
^ii?1  v.  the  Summer  is  over  the  movement 
will  have  had  a  number  of  other  import¬ 
ant  accessions.  Our  state  College  people 


are  advising  farmers  that  there  are  fruit 
belts  as  well  as  grain  or  corn  belts ;  that 
ground  not  so  well  suited  to  fruit  produc¬ 
tion  cannot  compete  with  that  more  pro¬ 
ductive  of  fruit,  even  different  varieties  re¬ 
quiring  different  soils,  mostly  sand  loam. 
As  against  this  furore  of  planting  our  old 
orchards,  ruined  by  scale,  are  being  de¬ 
stroyed,  the  trunks  of  the  trees,  where 
sound,  being  sold  to  agents  for  special  use. 
Some  attempt  by  topping  and  spraying  is 
made  to  prolong  life  and  production,  but  in 
very  few  instances ;  so  that  for  12  years, 
perhaps,  there  will  be  a  call  in  our  locality 
for  York  State  and  Western  apples  as  at 
present.  After  that,  much  will  depend  on 
increase  of  apple  eating  as  a  health  policy 
advocated  by  the  Hope  Farm  man,  and 
the  12-year  battle  in  bringing  these  great 
orchards  to  their  full  bearing  capacity. 

Chester  County.  Pa.  s.  r.  downing. 


Good  Fruit  Prospects  in  New  Hampshire. 

During  my  stay  here  I  have  noticed  a 
marked  increase  in  the  condition  of  sur¬ 
rounding  orchards  in  this  vicinity.  One  of 
my  neighbors  shipped  over  5,000  barrels  of 
Baldwin  apples  to  Liverpool,  England,  in 
1910  from  his  orchard,  which  is  situated  on 
a  high  rocky  elevation,  thereby  escaping 
the  late  frost  we  had  the  first  week  in 
June.  Other  of  my  neighbors  lost  one-half 
their  crops  through  frosts  last  year.  We 
all  believe  that  success  with  fruit  trees  can 
only  be  obtained  by  caring  for  them  from 
infancy.  With  the  best  of  care,  there  is  no 
danger  of  producing  too  much  fruit  in  this 
locality,  for  the  late  frosts  are  bound  to 
do  their  work  nipping  many  of  the  earliest 
buds.  The  producers  about  here  all  believe 
and  practice  the  use  of  the  “sprayer”  on 
their  trees,  applying  two,  and  sometimes 
three  sprays  at  the  proper  time.  Trees, 
properly  cared  for,  in  this  section  give  their 
owners  excellent  returns,  and  the  prospect 
for  the  future  is  very  encouraging,  as  most 
of  the  neglected  farms  and  orchards  are 
being  slowly  brought  back  by  cultivation, 
pruning  and  spraying.  D.  r.  d. 

Peterboro,  N.  II. 


The  fruit  outlook  is  very  promising  so 
far.  I  think  there  is  no  danger  in  over* 
doing  the  fruit  business  in  Lancaster  Co. 
But  I  find  that  the  larger  plantings  are  for 
commercial  orchards  where  spraying  can  be 
done  to  a  better  advantage.  However,  the 
old  apple  orchards  are  disappearing  very 
rapidly  owing  to  the  ravages  of  San  Jose 
scale.  j.  g.  r. 

West  Willow,  Pa. 

Fruit  trees  of  all  kinds  in  this  section 
have  come  through  the  Winter  in  perfect 
condition.  I  do  not  think  plantings  will 
be  up  to  normal  this  year.  Fruit  growers 
in  this  locality  are  not  worried  about  pro¬ 
ducing  too  much  good  fruit.  Spraying  is 
not  so  general  in  this  section  as  it  should 
be,  only  a  few  of  the  larger  growers  are 
spraying.  w.  H.  o. 

Lewiston,  Me. 


WANT  TO  KNOW. 

Concrete  Icehouse. —  Has  anyone  had  ex¬ 
perience  in  concrete  work  for  icehouse  pur¬ 
poses?  Would  solid  wall  or  hollow  blocks 
be  preferable?  How  heavy  a  wall  and  what 
proportion  of  cement  and  gravel  to  use  in 
mixture  for  this?  My  house  is  90  bv  80 
feet,  and  lower  part  is  rotting  badly.  I 
would  like  to  replace  it  with  concrete'  wall 
if  same  has  been  found  satisfactory. 

Wisconsin.  c'  u.  J. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
"square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


THIS  GARMENT  IS  GUARANTEED 

Ta,  give  good  eweAr  an  J  perfect  jaiisfacCon 
*>  dy  < omumer T 


A  REAL 
GUARANTEE 


You  can  buy  all  kinds  of  so-called 
“Guaranteed  Clothes."  Some  man¬ 
ufacturers  say  that  their  name  is  a 
guarantee.  Some  give  the  merchant 
a  scroll  to  frame  and  hang  up  in  his 
store. 

There’s  just  one  firm  in  fhe  country 
that  guarantees  perfect  satisfaction  and 
sews  the  guarantee  in  the  pocket 
where  it  stays  as  long  as  your  clothes 
hold  together. 

Woodhull,  Goodale  S’  Bull  Clothes 
are  made  in  the  best  possible  manner 
from  the  most  dependable  fabrics. 
Unless  we  were  sure  that  {hey  are 
right  in  every  way,  we  wouldn’t  take 
the  risk  of  guaranteeing  them. 

Our  Style  Book  is  yours  for  the 
asking.  It’s  worth  sending  for 

WoodhnII,  Goodale 
&  Boll 

200  West  Willow  St. 

SYRACUSE, 

N.  Y. 


DAILY 

OUTPUT 

18,000 

BBLS 


’  YEARLY 
OUTPUT 
OVER 
6,500,000 


ALPHA 

PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


CLOTHCRAFT 


GUARANTEED 
ALL  WOOL! 


H sfi.us. 


EVERY  man  who  cares  to  be  faultlessly  dressed 
at  a  saving  of  $5  to  $10  on  each  suit  ought  to 
investigate  Clothcraft  Clothes.  With  the  ad¬ 
vantages  that  you  can  prove  to  your  own  satisfaction, 
and  the  hidden  quality  assured  by  the  Clothcraft 
guaranty,  you  have  about  everything  a  man  desires 
in  his  clothes.  And  that’s  more  than  you’d  expect 
at  $10  to  $25. 

The  advantages  you  can  see  are  the  beauty  of  the  fabric,  the  correct 
style  and  the  remarkably  good  fit — close-fitting  collar,  shapely  shoulders, 
full,  smooth  coat-front,  heel-hugging  trousers. 

The  Clothcraft.  guaranty,  backed  by  dealer  and  maker,  assures  the 
quality  of  the  things  you  can’t  6ee — absolutely  pure  wool;  first-class 
eATan  trimmings  and  workmanship;  lasting  shape,  service  and  satisfaction. 

To  combine  all  these  advantages  in  clothes  at  $10  to  $25  has  been 
possible  only  through  Clothcraft  Scientific  Tailoring — the  outgrowth  of 
sixty-one  years’  study  of  the  making  of  good  clothes  at  medium  prices. 

It  will  be  worth  your  while  to  investigate  Clothcraft  Clothes  for  your¬ 
self.  Go  to  the  nearest  Clothcraft  Store,  or  write  us  direct.  We’ll  gladly 
send  you  the  Clothcraft  style-folder  for  spring,  and  a  booklet  picturing 
the  clean,  light  shop  where  Clothcraft  Clothes  are  made,  together  with 
came  of  the  nearest  Clothcraft  dealer. 

THE  JOSEPH  &  FEISS  COMPANY 

Founded  1850 — Oldest  American 
Manufacturers  of  Men’s  Clothes 

635  St.  Clair  Ave.,  N.  W. 

Cleveland 


RAKES  HAY  RIGHT  WAY 

V  Genuine  New  York  Champion  ^ 

Hay  Sake,  now  an  Iron  Age  prod- 
.  uct,  made  from  original  patterns;  light 
strong,  compact,  gets  all  the  hay;  lovers \ 
r  convenient  and  easily  operated;  no  jar — eaay\ 
r  on  horse  and  rider;  8,9  and  10ft. widths;  lasts  a  i 
life  time;  known  everywhere  for32  yearsaa  BEST. 
Repair  parts  supplied  for  old  rakes. 


\umm 


Farm  and 

_ Garden  Toolm 

6tock  carried  at  Canastota  and  Elmira,  N.  Y.,  Spring- 
field,  Mass.,  Burnham,  Me.,  and  by  our  agents 
generally.  Write  to  day  for  Anniversary  “Oood  Old  , 
Catalog,  showing  Potato  Machin-  Friend  of  j 

ery.  Hay  Rakes,  Garden,  Or-  jev  P  th* 

chard  and  other  tools— free.  ,rm” 

BATEMAN  M’F’G  CO 
Box  102  R  0 
GRENLOCH. 

**11111 


YOUNG  MEN  WANTED  to  learn 
VETERINARY  profession.  Catalogue 
free.  Grand  Rapids  Veterinary 
College,  Dep.15,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


Manufacturers  of 

ALL  KINDS  OF 

Ad’s,S.  K.  CATTI’IIELL,  Central  BridEe.N.Y^ 


THRESHERS 


PORTER 

HAY  CARRIER 

Has  wide  open  mouth  nnd 
swinging  fork  pulley.  Fills 
hay  mow  full  to  the  roof.  Is 
without  exception  best  hay 
carrier  in  the  United  States. 

We  also  make  Litter  Carriers, 
Steel  Stalls  and  Cattle  Stanchions. 
Send  for  Catalogue 
J.  E.  PORTER  CO.,  OTTAWA,  ILL. 


THE  JOHNSTON  CORN  BINDER  BEATS  THEM  ALL  | 

In  all  civilized  lands  the  superior  performance  of  this  well-built  binder  is  recognized.  It 
has  won  the  hearts  of  farmers  everywhere,  by  enabling  them  to  harvest  a  crop  quicker,  easier 
and  cheaper.  Simple  and  durable;  easy  to  draw  and  convenient  to  operate;  binds  above  or  below 
the  ears.  Has  many  exclusive  features.  Best  binder  made — yet  costs  no  more  than  ordinary  kind. 

JOHNSTON 

Far  m  M  a  c  h  i  n  e  r  y 

is  vastly  superior  to  all  other  makes — gives  better  and 
longer  service.  Works  in  all  conditions  of  grain  and  soil. 

There’s  nothing  impractical  or  “freakish”  about  our  Graiu 
Binders,  Reapers,  Rakes,  Manure  Spread¬ 
ers,  Mowers,  Tedders,  Hay  Loaders,  Har¬ 
rows,  etc.  Write  to-day  for  1911  catalog— 
it  explains  the  superior  features  of  JOHNS¬ 
TON  quality  farm  machines.  It’s  Free* 

THE  JOHNSTON  HARVESTER  CO. 

Box.  100-C.  BATAVIA,  N.  Y. 


WAITER  A. 


WOOD 


Our  big  Diamond  Jubilee  Catalog 

answers  the  questions  farmers  are  asking  why  Walter  A.  Wood  Machines  give  the  service 
they  do.  It  illustrates  fully  all  the  important  features.  You  will  be  especially  interested  in 

The  Admiral  Mower  and 
No..  10  SteeL  Hay  Rake 

— the  two  machines  that  take  all  the  hard  work  out  of  haying.  The  Admiral  Mower  is 
essentially  different  in  construction  from  all  others.  Our  catalog  tells  all  about  the 
floating  frame,  uniform  tilt,  absence  of  side-draft  and  genuine  under-draft,  which  make 
it  cut  easier  and  cleaner  than  any  mower  you’ve  ever  driven. 

It  explains  everything,  too,  about  the  all-steel  construction  of  the  No.  10  Rake, 
about  the  relief  springs  on  the  teeth,  the  individual  tooth  holders,  the  renewable  wheel 
hubs  and  perfect  control. 

You  want  to  read  about  these  machines.  Send  your  name  and 
address  on  a  postal  TODAY,  read  the  catalog  carefully,  then  you’ll 
realize  why  Wood  Machines  are  so  far  ahead  of  ali  others.  Send  today. 


490 


THE  RURAb  NEjW-YORKEEA 


April  15, 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE] 

Last  rear  the  Cunard  Steamship  Co. 
made  a  profit  of  $1,500,000  above  all  ex¬ 
penses,  including  deterioration  of  wharf¬ 
age  and  ships.  Its  actual  running  expenses 
were  $8,500,000. 


On  March  15  there  were  207.261  idle 
freight  cars  in  the  United  States  and  Can¬ 
ada.  This  is  nearly  twice  the  amount  un¬ 
used  January  1,  and  12  times  the  number 
idle  March  16,  1010. 

April  1  four  steamers  bound  for  Europe 
from  Philadelphia  took  246,580  bushels  of 
grain  and  4,130,000  pounds  of  flour. 

London  Wool  Auctions. — The  present 
series  of  sales  closed  April  1,  8,800  bales 
being  sold.  Prices  of  good  scoured  wool 
ranged  from  30  to  45  cents,  and  greasy 
from  14  to  29  cents. 


During  March,  1911,  57  national  banks 
were  organized  in  the  United  States.  The 
total  number  of  national  hanks  at  present  is 
7,252,  with  capital  of  $1,025,117,135,  and 
outstanding  circulation  of  $729,152,916. 

Sale  of  Valorized  Coffee. — On  April  1, 
900,000  hags  of  Brazilian  coffee,  worth 
about  $16,000,000,  were  sold  in  this  country 
and  Europe,  through  the  agents  of  the  Bra¬ 
zilian  State  of  Sao  Paulo.  Because  of  over¬ 
production  and  unwise  methods  of  market¬ 
ing,  the  coffee  business  of  Brazil  became  un¬ 
profitable  to  the  planters,  and  several  years 
ago  that  government  took  unusual  methods 
to  improve  conditions.  Large  quantities  of 
coffee  were  removed  from  the  market  and 
stored  by  the  government  as  collateral,  on 
which  money  was  advanced  by  financiers  in 
Europe  and'  America.  laws  were  enacted 
regulating  production,  and  the  government 
practically  took  charge  of  the  entire  coffee 
business.  The  plan  was  not  to  corner  cof¬ 
fee.  but  to  hold  it  until  a  living  value  to 
the  planter  was  reached.  This  paternalism 
idea  did  not  work  as  well  as  was  hoped, 
but  on  the  whole  it  seems  to  have  been  of 
some  benefit. 


Potato  Prices. — “A  charge  of  giant  pow¬ 
der  has  been  exploded  under  the  potato 
market  in  this  vicinity.  Less  than  seven 
days  ago  they  were  a  drug  at  -5  cents  ;  to¬ 
day  (March  31)  buyers  are  riding  all  over 
the  country  and  offering  50  cents.  Predic¬ 
tions  are  freely  made  that  they  will  go  to 
$1.  1  never  saw  the  potato  market  act  as  it 

has  this  vear.  All  reports  showed  a  moder 
ate  crop  and  much  rotting,  yet  they  went 
down  until  20  cents  was  all  that  farmers 
and  growers  in  many  places  could  get. 
Many  believed  there  would  be  thousands  of 
bushels  thrown  out  for  manure.  I  believed 
they  should  have  brought  50  cents  to  the 
grower  all  Winter,  and  still  think  so.  Can 
vou  explain  the  situation?” 

Rochester,  N.  Y.  reader. 


Potatoes  in  New  York  are  50  to  i5  cents 
per  barrel  higher  than  last  week.  The  two 
chief  reasons  are  the  local  demand  for  seed 
at  this  season  and  the  very  low  prices  that 
have  recently  prevailed.  Those  with  pota¬ 
toes  on  hand  concluded  to  feed  what  they 
could  and  throw  the  remainder  away  rather 
than  sell  at  prices  that  barely  pay  for  the 
labor  of  handling.  It  is  possible  that  a 
week  of  these  increased  prices  will  make 
receipts  at  New  York,  Chicago  and  other 
large  markets  so  large  that  there  will  be  a 
decided  drop.  It  must  also  be  remembered 
that  there  are  starch  and  alcohol  factories, 
both  in  this  country  and  Europe,  from 
which  potatoes  are  easily  diverted  as  soon 
as  the  market  for  eating  stock  warrants  it 
The  supply  at  New  York  has  been  exces¬ 
sive  during  the  greater  part  of  the  past 
Winter,  but  the  proportion  of  inferior  grades 
was  larger  than  usual.  Potatoes  under 
standard  size  or  with  a  suspicion  of  rot 
are  poor  property  to  hold.  This  accounts 
for  the  apparent  contradiction  of  a  crop  of 
moderate  size  flooding  the  market  worse 
than  a  very  large  crop.  Offerings  of  medium 
or  low  grade  products  are  usually  made 
with  a  degree  and  a  certain  quality  of 
urgency  that  tends  to  depress  market  prices. 

w.  w.  H. 


Educational  Horticulture  in  Virginia. 

We  are  now  about  to  start  in  on  a  series 
of  spraying  demonstrations  through  the 
“back  blocks,”  to  be  followed  later  in  the 
Summer  with  a  series  of  packing  demonstra¬ 
tions,  the  latter  to  be  not  in  the  back 
blocks,  hut  where  most  apples  are  packed. 
To  my  mind  this  educational  work  is  the 
most  'important  step  towards  producing  a 
greater  percentage  of  No.  1  fruits,  and  also 
better  packing.  We  are  more  than  satisfied 
with  the  results  of  these  demonstrations 
last  year;  and  we  found  the  people  highly 
appreciated  them.  We  now  have  800  mem¬ 
bers,  and  are  strong  enough  to  make  the 
Legislature  do  anything  in  reason  we  want. 

WALTER  WHATELY. 

Sec.  Va.  Horticultural  Society. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  report  of  the  fifteenth  an¬ 
nual  meeting  of  the  Virginia  society  has 
just  been  issued.  It  is  a  model  in  its  way 
— one  of  the  most  interesting  and  valuable 
fruit  publications  ever  issued.  Those  Vir¬ 
ginia  fruit  growers  are  alive. 


I  look  for  higher  prices,  and  would  not  be 
be  surprised  to  see  the  farmer  get  75  cents 
per  bushel  before  the  season  is  closed.  I 
base  my  ideas  on  the  fact  that  they  have 
been  so  cheap  that  they  were  fed  to  stock 
more  freely,  and  the  crop  was  large  in 
some  sections  but  light  in  others. 

Milwaukee,  Wis.  c.  a.  breen  &  CO. 

The  freezing  nights  and  hot  days  through 
March  have  almost  destroyed  the  Winter 
wheat.  Clover,  too,  is  badly  frozen  out  and 
is  standing  up  out  of  the  ground  with  its 
tap  roots  exposed  two  inches  or  more.  The 
prospects  for  fruits  are  good ;  peaches,  ap¬ 
ples,  pears  and  plums  are  so  far  uninjured 
by  the  Winter.  The  early  snows  in  No¬ 
vember  and  December  and  the  damp  Winter 
have  made  much  mouldy  and  spoiled  corn. 
Many  potatoes  were  frozen  in  the  ground,  as 
the  early  Winter  found  them  undug,  and 
some  farmers  have  lost  their  potatoes  after 
digging  by  freezing  in  piles.  Some  are  now 
plowing  sod  for  corn.  Plowing  cornstalk 
ground  for  oats  has  not  yet  commenced 
The  ground  is  very  wet,  roads  bad.  and 
from  present  appearances  the  seeding  this 
Spring  will  be  very  late.  J.  C.  M.  J. 

Lawrence,  Pa. 


All  Goods 
Guaranteed 


Buy  From  the  Maker  and  Save  Dealer’s  Profit 


Money  Back 
on  Demand 


TS/f-o 


Built  of  Southern  Pine, 
with  our  improved  1911 
continuous  door,  19  feet 
by  20  feet.  Complete 
without 
roof . . 


$89.00 


All  other  sizes  equally 
as  cheap. 


“Simplex”  Water  System 

This  Hand  Power  System  of 
Water  Supply  150  gallons  daily 
capacity,  complete,  ready  to 
install, 


$44.90 


Power  out¬ 
fit,  $110.00. 

Anybody 
can  install 
with  our  directions. 

We  also  furnish  this  outfit  for  power  up  to 
50,000  gallons  capacity. 


"•BSJHBE*- 

26  S.  Liberty,  Baltimore,  Md. 

MANUFACTURERS 

Tanks,  Towers,  Silos,  Windmills,  Pumps 
Gasoline  Engines,  Motors  and 

Every  kind  of  Equipment  for  supplying  Water 
WRITE  US  YOUR  WANTS  TODAY  QUICK  SHIPMENTS 


One  Man  Portable 
Sprayer 
Price  Complete 


Spraying  Tank 

100  gal.  cap. 

Complete  like  cut 


$11.40 


1000  Gallon  Cedar 
Tank 

20  Ft.  Steel  Tower 
Complete  Like  Cut 

$69.00 

Other  Sizes  At  Equally 
Moderate  Cost 


100  Gallon  Cypress  Tank 


Just  the  thing  for 
the  farm. 

Can  be  used  as  a 
Sprayer  by  adding 
Solid  Cover  for 
$3.00  extra. 


Shipped  whole,  ready  for  use.  Best 
value  ever  offered  at  price. 


NOTHING  CHEAP  ABOUT  OUR  GOODS  BUT  THE  PRICES .  WRITE  FOR  CIRCULAR.  PRESERVE  THIS  ADVT . 


B 


ECAUSE 
the  fence 
gradually 
will  pay  for  the  luxur¬ 
ies,  season  by  season. 
How?  By  enabling  you  to 
turn  your  waste  into  cash. 
Fence  your  farm  off  into  a  sufficient 
number  of  fields  to  get  the  proper  rotation 
of  crops  and  the  most  advantageous  pastur¬ 
ing  and  your  cash  returns  each  season  are  bound 
to  increase.  The  farmer  still  using  the  old  system 
of  big  fields  is  losing  money  through  waste.  The  fields 
of  your  farm  are  like  tables  in  a  restaurant.  The  more 
tables  the  more  people  served  and  the  greater  the  profit. 

The  steel  in  Ellwood  fence  is  specially  made  for  the  purpose  from 
carefully  selected  stock.  It  is  hard,  elastic,  tough  and  springy. 
The  line  wires,  composed  of  two  or  more  wires  twisted  into  cables 
give  each  individual  wire  the  shape  of  an  elongated  coiled  spring.  The 
fence  is  therefore  sufficiently  elastic  to  take  care  of  expansion  and  con¬ 
traction,  and  yet  so  rigid  when  properly  stretched  as  to  prevent  sagging. 
The  small  and  permanent  mesh  is  made  by  weaving  one  continuous  wire 
throughout  the  fabric.  The  mesh  or  stay  wires  are  so  interwoven  that  slipping 
is  impossible.  The  triangular  truss  is  the  strongest  form  of  construction  known. 
For  this  reason,  Ellwood  fence  will  stand  hardest  usage  and  still  retain  its  shape. 

Look  for  the  Ellwood 
dealer  and  let  him 

otiuii  _ _ _ _ _ _  prices.  Get  his  expert 

advice  on  your  special  needs.  He  is  on  the  spot,  buys  in  large  quantities,  gets  the 
lowest  carload  freight  rates,  demonstrates  quality  before  your  eyes  and  is  the  man 
from  whom  you  will  get  the  most  for  your  money. 

FRANK  BAACKES,  Vice-President  and  General  Sales  Agent 

American  Steel  &  Wire  Company 

New  York  Denver  San  Francisco 

Send  for  copy  of  “Ellwood  Fence  News”  profusely  illustrated,  devoted  to  the  interests  of  farmers  and  show- 
inq  how  fence  may  be  employed  to  enhance  the  earning  power  of  a  farm.  Furnished  free  upon  application. 


Ellwood  Fence  is  sold  in  your  town.  dealer 

showyou  his  different  styles  of  fence  ana  quote  you  his  low  prices. 


NOTHING  COMMON  BUT  SENSE 

is  used  in  the  making  of  a 

Parsons  “Low  Down”  Milk  Wagon 

Our  new  illustrated  catalog  tells 
the  whole  story,  Ask  for  it, 

THE  PARSONS  WAGON  CO. 
Dairy  Dept.  EARLVILLE,  N.  Y. 


Rust  Proof  -  Bull  Strong 

Fences  for  horses,  cattle,  sheep, 
bogs,  chickens,  etc.  160  styles. 
BARGAIN  PRICES : 

14  Cents  Per  Rod  Up. 
We  pay  the  freight.  Lawn  Fences 
and  Gates.  Free  catalog  and  sample. 

The  Brown  Fence  &  Wire  Co., 

DEPT.  69  CLEVELAND,  OHIO 


CYCLONE 


PUT  UP  REPUBLIC  FARM  CATES 


Fences  and  Gates  for  Farm,  Home, 
Parks  or  Cemeteries.  Increase  prop¬ 
erty  values.  Strong,  Lasting,  Hand¬ 
some.  Easily  erected— all  heights  up  to  10  feet.  Our 
catalog  and  prices  will  interest  you.  We  pay  freight. 
THE  CYCLONE  WOVEN  WIRE  FENCE  CO. 
1248  E-  56th  STREET  CLEVELAND,  OHIO 

EMPIRE  FENCE 

the  genuine  EMPIRE  big 
wire  fence,  direct,  at  wholesale. 
\Save  dealer’s  profits. 

Big  Factory,  Big 
Sales,  23  Styles 

No  traveling  salesmen,  small 
_  expense,  prices  low.  Every¬ 
thing  guaranteed.  Free  samples  by 
mail.  Prices  of  lead ing  styles  f re ight  pre¬ 
paid  to  all  points  north  of  the  Ohio  and 
east  of  the  Mississippi  River:— 

Wires  Inches  high  Medium  Weight  Extra  hoavy  (all  No.9) 

9  39  83c  per  rod  37c  per  rod 

10  47  B6c  per  rod  41c  per  rod 

18  65  88c  per  rod  49c  per  rod 

Special  rates  beyond  this  territory. 

BOND  STEEL  POST  CO.,  23  E.  Mauaee  St..  Adrian,  Mick 


48  IN.1 


25c 


A  And  see  for  yourself  how  convenient,  inex¬ 
pensive  and  durable  they  are. 

Easily  raised  above  snow  drifts, or  to  allow  chickens  or  hogs 
to  pass,  at  the  same  time  turning  cattle  and  horses. 

Cost  less  than  wooden  gates,  more  easily  handled 
and  last  ten  times  as  long. 

REPUBLIC  FARM  GATES 

are  built  to  stand  the  wear  and  tear  of  years.  Frame  made 
of  high  carbon  extra  heavy  tubular  steel,  thoroughly  braced  I 
to  prevent  sagging.  No  holes  to  weaken  the  gate.  Fabric  is  I 
lar»e  heavily  galvanized,  rust  proof  wires,  closely  spaced.  | 

A  gate  that  weather  and  stock  cannot  destroy. 

211  Republic  St., 
NORTH  CHICAGO,  ILL.] 


Handsome  Catalog  of  Republic  Farm 
Gates  and  Ornamental  Fences  sent 

FREE.  _ 

REPUBLIC  FENCE  4  GATE  CO., 


FENCE 
a  rod 

Best  high  carbon  coiled  steel 
wire.  Easy  to  stretch  over 
hills  and  hollows.  FREE 
Catalog — fences,  tools.  Buy 
from  factory  at  wholesale 
prices.  Write  today  to  Box  67 

MASON  FENCE  CO.,  LEESBURG,  ft 


ORNAMENTAL  FENCE.  Cheaper  and  I 
far  better  than  wood  for  Lawns,  | 
Churches,  Cemeteries.  Also  Poul¬ 
try  and  Farm  Fence.  Free  Catalog. 
Wirte  for  Special  Offer.  _ 

►  FENC£  CO„  Kox  945  Decatur.  Ind.  I 


strong  chlck- 
len-tlght  Sold  to  the  user  at  Wholesale 
V Prices.  We  Pay  Freight.  Catalogue  free 

1  COILED  SPRING  FENCE  CO., 
EBox  263  Winchester,  Indiana 


1911. 


THIS  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


497 


NEW  PLAN  OF  TOMATO  GROWING. 

Part  I. 

Bottomless  Paper  Pots. — When  I  be¬ 
gan  growing  tomatoes  for  market  I 
tried  the  advertised  paper  plant  pots 
to  save  one  transplanting.  I  found  two 
objections.  They  do  not  remain  square 
at  the  top,  which  makes  it  difficult  to 
fit  them  closely  together  in  the  cold 
frame,  and  the  bottom,  being  several 
thicknesses  of  paper,  cuts  off  the  capil¬ 
lar}'  action,  which  makes  it  difficult  to 
gauge  the  moisture  properly.  I  worked 
out  a  plan  that  I  think  is  a  decided  im¬ 
provement.  I  went  to  a  local  printer 
and  got  the  paper,  or  cardboard  as  the 
printer  calls  it,  cut  '4x23  inches.  It  is 
about  the  weight  they  usually  use  for 
printing  public  sale  bills,  etc.,  and  cost 
$1.50  per  1,000,  which  is  less  than  half 
what  I  paid  for  the  others.  By  folding 
these  tightly  around  a  block  of  wood 
3x3  inches  high  and  four  inches  high, 
slipping  off  and  putting  in  a  pin,  we 
have  a  square  pot  with  no  bottom. 
These  are  pressed  flat  and  packed  1,000 
in  a  bunch  for  convenience,  until 
wanted.  When  ready  to  use  I  open, 
give  a  quick  pinch  on  the  corners  not 
folded  and  the  box  will  stand  almost 
perfectly  square.  These  fit  nicely  to¬ 
gether  and  can  be  opened,  shaped  and 
set  more  rapidly  than  the  others  could 
be  placed,  and  are  much  more  conven¬ 
ient.  I  can  carry  1,000  of  them  in  at 
once,  while  with  the  others  I  would  have 
15  bushels  or  more.  I  place  several 
rows  at  a  time,  drop  a  little  well-rotted 
manure  in  each  one,  press  down,  then 
fill  in  the  soil  with  a  shovel,  set  a  plant 
in  each  box,  then  fill  in  more  soil  until 
the  boxes  cannot  be  seen.  This  prevents 
the  air  from  getting  in  and  drying  too 
rapidly.  When  ready  for  the  field  I  slip 
a  trowel  under  and  place  them  on  a 
stone  boat  to  haul  out  to  the  field.  The 
manure  serves  every  purpose  of  the 
paper  bottom,  while  it  does  not  inter¬ 
fere  with  the  moisture  either  going 
down  or  coming  up.  It  is  not  so  neces¬ 
sary  to  remove  these  boxes  and  if  we  do 
wish  to  take  them  off  they  are  much 
more  easily  removed  than  those  with 
bottoms. 

Pruning  the  Vines. — Our  greatest 
improvement,  however,  has  been  in 
adopting  a  system  of  pruning,  originated 
a  few  years  ago  by  J.  F.  Littooy,  then 
of  Washington.  In  that  section  along 
the  Puget  Sound  it  was  thought  by  most 
people  that  tomatoes  could  not  be 
grown,  except  a  few  green  ones  for 
pickles.  A  few  succeeded  in  ripening 
some,  but  they  said  that  the  Earliana 
was  the  only  variety  that  could  be 
grown  successfully.  As  the  result  of  a 
little  controversy  Mr.  Littooy  got  seeds 
from  all  the  varieties  he  could  obtain 
readily,  36  in  all,  and  ripened  tomatoes 
from  each  of  them.  Others  tried  his 
pruning  system,  and  soon  were  grow¬ 
ing  tomatoes  for  the  local  markets 
which,  I  think  had  never  been  known 
in  that  section  before.  There  the  vines 
grow  very  rank  at  the  expense  of  the 
fruit,  as  they  do  in  the  East  in  cool 
wet  seasons,  only  more  so.  I  begin 
pruning  by  pinching  out  the  head  when 
there  are  about  six  well-developed 
leaves,  leaving  four  good  leaves.  No 
matter  if  there  are  blossom  buds  I  pinch 
them  out  just  the  same.  This  may  not 
look  like  getting  early  tomatoes,  but  we 
do  get  more  early  fruit.  The  object  is 
to  start  the  branches  quickly.  When 
these  are  well  started  if  there  are  more 
than  four  we  take  them  off,  leaving  the 
best  ones  and  as  well  balanced  as 
may  be. 

Four  Limbs  Wanted. — Now  we  want 
just  these  four  limbs  and  no  more 
branches.  As  they  grow  they  start 
branches  from  the  axil  of  nearly  every 
leaf.  These  are  snapped  off.  While 
small  they  break  easily.  I  seldom  use  a 
knife  unless  the  work  has  been  neglected 
and  some  of  the  branches  have  grown 
six  or  eight  inches.  I  sometimes  find 
blossoms  on  these  large  branches,  and 
there  is  a  strong  inclination  to  leave 
them  on,  but  there  is  absolutely  nothing 
gained  by  leaving  more  than  the  four 
main  limbs ;  it  only  increases  the  work. 
On  each  of  these  four  limbs  we  find 
three  leaves,  then  a  cluster  of  fruit, 
three  more  leaves,  another  fruit  cluster, 
etc.  When  the  third  cluster  is  well  set 
to  fruit  the  rule  is  to  pinch  off  the  end, 
leaving  two  leaves  above  the  last  clus¬ 
ter.  But  in  my  practice  I  often  find  by 
this  time  the  plant  is  too  busy  maturing 
the  fruit  to  make  much  more  vine,  so 
let  the  tips  take  care  of  themselves.  We 
have  12  fruit  clusters  on  the  vine  which 
is  plenty.  I  remove  no  leaves,  but  treat 


all  branches  as  weeds,  and  it  is  im¬ 
portant  that  they  be  removed  while 
small,  that  all  the  vigor  of  the  plant 
may  go  to  making  fruit.  I  use  no  sup¬ 
ports.  The  tomatoes  are  all  exposed  to 
the  sun  and  the  picker  can  see  all  the 
ripe  ones  without  moving  any  vines.  I 
think  sometimes  that  it  would  pay  us  to 
prune  for  the  convenience  of  picking 
alone.  I  can  start  my  plants  about  10 
days  earlier,  for,  when  headed  out,  we 
can  hold  them  in  the  cold  frame  that 
much  longer,  as  they  cannot  grow  tall 
and  spindly,  and  we  have  the  branches 
well  started  when  they  go  to  the  field,  so 
that  we  get  blossoms  as  soon  as  on 
plants  not  pruned,  and  have  four  clus¬ 
ters  instead  of  one ;  each  of  these  will 
produce  full  clusters  of  fruit.  The  first 
blossoms  that  appear  in  the  center  of  a 
plant  seldom  produce  good  fruit  and  if 
they  do  there  is  too  long  a  space  be¬ 
tween  that  and  the  next  ones.  Even 
with  plants  of  the  same  age,  while  it  is 
possible  to  get  the  first  ripe  tomatoes 
sometimes  without  pruning,  I  know  I 
get  far  more  real  early  by  pruning  them. 
It  is  necessary  to  go  over  the  patch 
about  three  times,  sometimes  more. 

When  a  branch  is  broken  off  they 
never  start  another  from  the  same  place, 
and  we  have  that  much  of  the  vine  fin¬ 
ished.  When  we  have  gone  all  over  the 
vine  we  care  not  how  much  it  rains  or 
how  rich  the  soil  is;  they  must  make 
tomatoes  if  they  grow  at  all,  for  they 
cannot  grow  more  vine.  With  this  sys¬ 
tem  there  is  no  danger  of  getting  the 
soil  too  rich  with  anything  like  a  bal¬ 
anced  fertilizer.  I  prune  both  early  and 
late  varieties  and  can  ripen  90  per  cent 
or  more  of  the  late  ones  every  year, 
even  when  many  are  complaining  that 
they  can’t  get  half  their  crop  to  ripen. 
1  have  tried  staking  and  pruning  to  a 
single  stem,  but  it  is  more  work  and  less 
tomatoes.  b.  v.  egbert. 

Pennsylvania. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  X.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
‘  square  deal."  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

REASONED  IT  OUT 

And  Found  a  Change  in  Food  Put 
Him  Right. 


A  man  does  not  count  as  wasted  the 
time  he  spends  in  thinking  over  his  busi¬ 
ness,  but  he  seems  loth  to  give  the  same 
sort  of  careful  attention  to  himself  and 
to  his  health.  And  yet  his  business  would 
be  worth  little  without  good  health  to 
care  for  it.  A  business  man  tells  how  he 
did  himself  good  by  carefully  thinking 
over  his  physical  condition,  investigating 
to  find  out  what  was  needed,  and  then 
changing  to  the  right  food. 

"For  some  years  I  had  been  bothered 
a  great  deal  after  meals.  My  food  seemed 
to  lay  like  lead  in  my  stomach,  produc¬ 
ing  heaviness  and  dullness  and  some¬ 
times  positive  pain.  Of  course  this  ren¬ 
dered  me  more  or  less  unfit  for  busi¬ 
ness,  and  I  made  up  my  mind  that 
something  would  have  to  be  done. 

"Reflection  led  me  to  the  conclusion 
that  over-eating,  filling  the  stomach  with 
indigestible  food,  was  responsible  for 
many  of  the  ills  that  human  flesh  en¬ 
dures,  and  that  I  was  punishing  myself 
in  that  way — that  was  what  was  making 
me  so  dull,  heavy  and  uncomfortable, 
and  unfit  for  business  after  meals.  I  con¬ 
cluded  to  try  Grape-Nuts  food  to  see 
what  it  could  do  for  me. 

"I  have  been  using  it  for  some  months 
now,  and  am  glad  to  say  that  I  do  not 
suffer  any  longer  after  meals;  my  food 
seems  to  assimilate  easily  and  perfectly, 
and  to  do  the  work  for  which  it  was  in¬ 
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“I  have  regained  my  normal  weight, 
and  find  that  business  is  a  pleasure  once 
more — can  take  more  interest  in  it,  and 
my  mind  is  clearer  and  more  alert.” 

Name  given  by  Postum  Co.,  Battle 
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498 


April  15, 


THE  RURAI>  NEW-YORKER 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


PLANTING  TREES  AT  HOPE  FARM. 

I  am  like  the  bad  penny  that  always  re¬ 
turns.  But  this  time  I  am  going  to  bother 
yon  for  my  neighbors  as  well  as  myself. 
There  are  several  who  are  going  to  start 
orchards,  and  they  join  me  in  asking  -you 
to  give  your  method  of  growing  your  young 
orchards,  from  setting  the  trees  until  now. 
Some  of  them  never  set  out  a  tree.  They 
want  to  know  how  deep  and  wide  a  hole  ? 
How  to  cut  back  roots  and  tops?  Kind  of 
fertilizer?  IIow  to  prune  the  second  year? 
They  would  like  it  in  The  It.  N.-Y.  if  you 
have  space,  so  that  all  can  read  it,  and  if 
you  have  any  pictures  of  the  trees  after 
planting  and  later,  showing  their  growth,  it 
would  give  them  an  idea  of  how  the  trees 
should  look.  F.  p.  b. 

Massachusetts. 

I  fear  that  our  experience  and  practice 
will  hardly  be  regarded  as  “expert"’  advice — 
however,  this  is  about  the  way  we  try  to 
operate.  Our  orchards  are  mostly  on  a 
steep  hillside.  The  soil  is  inclined  to  be 
stiff  and  hard,  and  is  very  stony  in  parts. 
Our  object  was  to  establish  a  good  com¬ 
mercial  orchard  with  small  capital  and  little 
cost  of  labor. 

We  buy  good-sized  year-old  trees.  The 
height  of  the  tree  does  not  matter  as  much 
as  the  size  of  the  stem,  as  we  cut  most  of 
the  top  away.  I  like  a  yearling  cut  back 
to  a  whip,  because  we  can  control  and  shape 
the  head  as  it  grows  and  get  it  down  close 
to  the  ground.  Some  people  argue  for  older 
trees — two  or  three  years  old.  With  such 
trees  the  head  or  crotch  has  already  been 
formed,  and  in  the  majority  of  cases  it  is 
not  the  head  you  want.  With  these  older 
trees  you  do  not  want  to  cut  them  off  be¬ 
low  the  crotch.  There  are  some  cases 
where  a  very  low  head  is  not  desirable,  as, 
for  instance,  where  you  want  to  grow  crops 
under  the  trees  while  they  are  coming  into 
fruit.  I  have  a  few  acres  where  this  is  de¬ 
sirable,  and  in  such  cases  we  head  the  trees 
high.  In  our  hillside  orchards  we  try  to 
get  the  trees  down  low. 

As  soon  as  the  trees  come  from  the  nur¬ 
sery  we  get  them  out  of  the  boxes  and  ly?el 
the'  roots  in.  This  is  done  by  plowing  tur- 
rows  or  digging  ditches  so  that  the  roots 
will  go  into  them.  The  bundles  of  trees 
are  set  in  these  furrows  in  a  slanting  posi¬ 
tion  and  earth  thrown  over  the  roots  and 
stamped  down  hard.  Take  a  microscope 
and  look  the  trees  over  for  scale,  hunting 
for  little  grey  patches  near  where  the  twigs 
start  out,  with  little  purple  spots.  If  you 
find  any  dip  or  spray  the  trees  before  you 
plant  them,  using  soluble  oil  or  lime-sul¬ 
phur  for  the  purpose.  Where  there  are  but 
few  trees  this  can  be  done  by  wiping  the 
trees  in  a  cloth  wet  in  one  of  these  liquids. 

We  stake  off  the  field  where  the  trees  are 
to  go,  using  a  line  and  stick.  Our  apple 
trees  are  planted  32  feet  each  way  and  the 
peach  16  or  18  feet.  Up  to  this  year  we 
have  not  used  “fillers"’  except  in  one  case 
where  we  planted  peach  trees  between  the 
apples.  We  do  not  like  the  plan  and  shall 
not  do  it  again.  This  year  we  are  planting 
Wealthy  and  McIntosh  apples  as  fillers.  In 
one  field  we  shall  plant  the  trees  20  feet 
each  way,  planning  to  cut  out  the  alternate 
rows  when  the  trees  get  too  large  and  the 
a’ternate  trees  in  the  other  rows  later  on. 
When  the  stakes  are  set  and  the  trees  have 
come  we  begin  digging  holes.  We  like  to 
put  the  tree  into  fresh  dug  soil.  A  short- 
handled  spade  is  used,  and  with  practice 
about  five  licks  with  it  will  finish  the  hole. 
We  drive  it  down  to  the  full  length  with 
the  foot  and  throw  out  all  the  spade  will 
hold.  Then  step  to  the  opposite  side  and 
repeat.  Then  on  the  other  two  sides  with 
one  scrape  to  clean  out  the  bottom.  As  a 
result  we  have  a  hole  about  18  inches  across 
and  a  little  deeper  than  the  spade. 

We  have  experimented  with  all  sorts  of 
holes  for  planting  trees.  One  year  we 
planted  peach  trees  in  crowbar  holes. 
These  holes  were  simply  punched  in  the  soil 
with  an  ordinary  iron  bar.  All  the  side 
roots  were  cut  off  and  the  top  cut  back  to 
15  inches.  These  little  sticks  were  put  into 
the  crowbar  holes  and  the  soil  pounded 
hard  around  them.  Most  of  them  lived  and 
did  well,  making  a  peculiar  root  system 
with  long  and  deep  tap  roots.  The  great 
trouble  was  that  without  side  roots  to 
brace  and  bind  them  in  the  soil  these  trees 
were  in  danger  of  being  lifted  out  by  the 
frost,  or  whirling  around  with  the  wind. 
We  have  used  post  auger  holes  and  most 
other  sizes  up  to  that  of  a  barrel,  and  con¬ 
clude  that  the  size  described  above  is  best 
for  yearling  trees. 

While  one  man  is  digging  the  holes  an¬ 
other  follows  to  plant.  We  take  only  a 
few  bundles  at  a  time,  and  keep  the  roots 
covered  with  wet  straw  or  sacking.  With  a 
heavy  sharp  knife — a  single  slice  if  possible 
— the  top  of  the  trees  is  cut  off  so  as  to 
leave  a  little  over  two  feet  above  ground. 
This  length  will  vary  with  the  size  and 
«hape  of  the  tree.  We  prefer  a  clean  cut 
below  the  crotch  if  the  little  tree  has 
formed  any,  so  as  to  leave  a  straight,  sin¬ 
gle  stem.  In  case  a  crotch  has  been 
formed  low  down  with  three  or  more 
branches,  we  let  it  go  by  cutting  far  enough 
above  it  to  leave  one  or  two  good  outside 
buds  on  each  limb.  Of  course  no  one  would 
think  of  leaving  inside  buds  here  to  grow 
into  the  center  of  the  tree.  Good  judgment 
is  required  in  doing  this  pruning.  It  is  the 
job  for  the  boss,  for  it  may  determine  the 
shape  of  his  future  trees.  He  should  study 
a  well-shaped  tree  before  he  begins  and 
have  it  in  mind  as  he  cuts,  trying  to  imag¬ 
ine  what  the  limbs  or  buds  will  look  like 
when  they  grow.  Having  cut  the  top,  turn 
the  little  tree  up  and  examine  the  roots. 
Look  first  for  crown-gall  or  little  warts  or 
bunches  on  the  roots  or  close  to  the  base 
of  the  tree.  If  vou  find  any  do  not  plant 
that  tree;  it  will  not  amount  to  anything 
Tut  such  a  tree  at  one  side  and  at  once 
notify  the  nurseryman,  telling  him  how 
many  you  found.  If  the  tree  and  roots  are 
clean  take  your  sharp  knife  and  cut  on  the 
under  side  of  the  roots  so  as  to  leave  about 
five  to  six  inches  of  the  larger  roots.  Do 
not  cut  them  sharp  off,  but  with  a  long 
cut,  so  that  when  the  tree  is  put  into  the 
ground  this  cut  surface  will  rest  on  the 
bottom  of  the  hole.  Cut  out  all  small  roots. 
Thus  cut  your  tree  will  show  a  root  spread 
of  a  foot  or  a  little  more,  and  is  ready  to 
plant.  You  have  not  asked  for  any  argu¬ 
ment  to  show  that  this  is  the  best  way. 
Experience  has  convinced  us  that  these 


short-rooted  trees  planted  in  comparatively 
small  holes  make  a  better  root  system  and  are 
more  permanent  than  where  the  roots  are 
left  on  and  large  holes  are  dug. 

With  the  tree  pruned  in  this  way  we 
put  it  down  in  the  center  of  the  hole  and 
sight  both  ways  so  as  to  have  it  exactly  ih 
line.  Some  planters  use  a  board  with  a 
notch  cut  in  it,  placed  over  the  hole,  to  keep 
the  tree  in  line.  It  does  not  make  great 
difference,  if  the  roots  are  crowded  or 
jammed  together  at  the  bottom  of  the  hole. 
Experiments  in  England  seem  to  have  dem¬ 
onstrated  that.  I  think  this  theory  o?  try¬ 
ing  to  straighten  out  the  roots  until  they 
lie  like  electric  wires  is  pretty  much  lost 
labor.  The  most  important  thing  is  to  have 
the  soil  packed  and  jammed  hard  around 
the  roots.  Unless  this  is  done  air  will  work 
in  and  the  roots  may  dry  out  or  refuse  to 
callus  over.  We  throw  top  soil  around  the 
roots  in  the  hole  and  stamp  down.  Then 
bits  of  sod,  if  any  were  dug  up,  all  packed 
hard.  Then  the  remaining  soil  until  the 
hole  is  filled,  with  a  little  mound  around 
the  base  of  the  tree.  I  would  stamp  with  a 
heavy  heel  around  the  tree  five  or  six  times 
while  the  hole  is  being  filled,  for  the  most 
necessary  thing  of  all  is  to  have  that  soil 
packed  hard.  Some  growers  do  this  by 
pouring  a  bucket  or  so  of  water  into  the 
hole  as  the  dirt  is  thrown  in.  We  do  not 
have  a  water  supply  near  our  orchard  and 
the  packing  does  the  work.  Thus,  when  our 
trees  arc  planted  they  stand  about  one 
inch  deeper  in  the  ground  than  they  did  in 
the  nursery,  the  soil  packed  hard  around 
them  and  a  little  mound  around  the  base. 
Our  first  apple  orchard  was  planted  on  a 
high  hill  to  the  west  of  the  farm.  I  well 
remember  looking  up  there  from  the  valley 
as  the  sun  went  down  and  seeing  merely  a 
group  of  little  stakes  outlined  against  the 
sky.  It  hardly  seemed  possible  that  this 
could  be  the  starting. of  an  orchard,  yet  now 
the  trees  stand  broad  and  high  like  a  young 
forest  covering  the  hill. 

What  about  fertilizing  and  care?  It  will 
depend  on  what  you  intend  to  d»  with  the 
land.  Many  farmers  feel  that  they  cannot 
afford  to  let  the  land  lie  idle  while  the 
trees  are  growing,  so  they  grow  crops  be¬ 
tween  the  trees —  the  cultivation  and  fer¬ 
tilizing  of  these  crops  caring  for  all.  You 
will  see  on  page  260  how  John  Q.  Wells  did 
this  by  growing  beans  between  the  trees, 
plowing  first  in  one  direction  and  then  in 
the  other.  This  simple  plan  has  produced  a 
good  orchard.  We  have  followed  several 
plans.  In  one  case  the  ground  has  been  left 
in  sod— the  grass  cut  and  most  of  it  piled 
around  the  trees.  On  another  part  of  the 
hill  strips  five  or  six  feet  wide  have  been 
plowed  on  each  side  of  the  tree  rows  and 
kept  cultivated,  while  the  middles  were  left 
in  grass  or  rye.  In  other  cases  all  the  land 
was  plowed  and  cultivated  in  corn.  I  will 
try  to  describe  these  various  plans  next 
week.  You  now  know  how  we  plant  a  tree. 
Do  not  under  any  circumstances  put  manure 
in  the  hole  when  you  plant.  One  year  I 
“took  advice”  and  dug  holes  in  the  Fall  and 
filled  them  with  manure.  In  the  Spring  we 
pulled  out  the  manure  and  planted.  It  was 
a  fine  theory,  but  it  killed  most  of  the  trees. 
Keep  manure  or  concentrated  fertilizer  out 
of  the  holes.  A  handful  of  bone  meal  and 
wood  ashes  would  do  no  particular  harm,  but 
I  would  much  prefer  to  plant  the  trees  as 
described  above  and  use  no  fertilizer  with 
it.  Let  it  make  its  own  start.  The  place 
for  fertilizer  or  manure  for  the  little  tree  is 
around  it— the  fertilizer  worked  lightly  into 
the  soil  or  the  manure  left  on  top  as  a 
mulch.  Do  not  pile  manure  close  around 
the  trunk  of  the  tree,  but  always  a  few 
inches  away,  and  use  all  the  straw,  trash, 
anything  that  will  rot.  for  this  purpose.  It 
will  keep  the  soil  moist  and  cool  and  help 
the  tree.  Now,  with  our  tree  planted,  we 
will  trv  to  tell  how  we  care  for  it. 

H.  w.  c. 


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Luther  Grinder  Co—  83*  Newton  St..  Milwaukee.  Wis. 


FARQUHAR 

THRESHERS 

The  Perfect  Threshing  Outfit 


Whether  you  thresh  your  own  grain 
only,  or  do  contract  threshing,  you 
should  investigate  Farquhar  Threshing 
Machinery.  Handles  wheat,  oats,  rye, 
buckwheat — any  grain. 

Works  fast,  runs  easy,  saves  power,  has 
fewest  parts,  outwears  other  threshers, 
separates  clean.  Three  styles — 20  to  40  inch. 
Send  for  catalogs  of  Threshing  Machinery, 
Engines,  Boilers,  Saw-Mills  and  Road  Engines. 
A.  B.  FARQUHAR  C0„  Ltd.,  Box  614,  York, Pa. 


Amatite  has  a  real  mineral  sur¬ 
face  which  needs  no  painting. 

The  above  illustration  shows 
the  barn  of  S.  P.  Strickland. 
Bangor,  Me.,  which  was  roofed 
with  Amatite  three  years  ago. 
The  owner’s  opinion  of  it  is  ex¬ 
pressed  in  the  following  letter, 
which  we  recently  received  : — 

“Gentlemen: — The  Amatite  Roofing 
purchased  three  years  ago  ami  placed 
on  my  barn  has  given  most  satisfactory 
service.  Tho  Roofing  is  unusually  attrac¬ 
tive  in  appearance,  and  in  my  judgment 
is  the  most  durable  and  satisfactory 
made.  The  fact  that  it  requires  no  paint¬ 
ing  appeals  to  me  very  strongly,  and 
this  feature  makes  itby  far  the  cheapest 
ready  roofing  on  the  market. 

Yours  very  truly, 

(Signed)  S.  P.  STRICKLAND.” 

Every  practical  man  will  see  at 
once  that  painting  roofs  is  an  ex¬ 
pensive  nuisance.  If  the  roofs 
fail,  the  manufacturer  always 
claims  that  they  are  not  painted 
often  enough,  or  that  you  did  not 
use  the  right  kind  of  paint  or 
something  of  that  sort.  After 
Amatite  is  laid  there  is  nothing 
more  to  do  to  it. 


If  we  sold  Amatite  at  a  price 
20%  higher  than  the  old-fashioned 
“ Pain t-me-of  ten”  kind,  you  would 
be  justified  in  buying  it.  You 
would  more  than  save  the  extra 
cost  by  eliminating  the  paint  in 
after  years.  Amatite,  however, 
costs  no  more  than  other  first- 
class  roofings,  and  it  gives  twice 
as  much  weight  of  roof  per  square 
foot. 

A  sample  of  Amatite  showing 
the  mineral  surface  will  be  sent 
free  on  application.  Address  our 
nearest  office. 

Everjet  Elastic  Paint 

Do  you  realize  the  economy  of  using 
black  paint  when  possible  ?  Everjet  costs 
half  as  much  as  other  first-class  paints. 
Tough,  durable,  heat-proof  and  water¬ 
proof.  For  wood  or  metal. 


Creonoid 


Lice  Destroyer 
and  Cow  Spray 


Vermin  in  the  cow  barn  and  hen  house 
costs  you  money.  Prevent  insect  worry  by 
spraying  regularly  with  Creonoid,  a  cheap, 
powerful  disinfectant.  It  repels  flics, 
mosquitoes  and  hen  lice.  It  kills  germs 
and  prevents  the  spread  of  contagion. 


BARRETT  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY 

New  York  Chicago  Philadelphia  Boston  St.  Louis  Cleveland 
Pittsburg  Cincinnati  Kansas  City  Minneapolis  New  Orleans 
Seattle  London,  England 


Bam  of  S.  P.  Strickland,  Bangor,  Me., 
covered  with  Amatite  Roofing. 


I  want  1000  Farmers  who  have  never 
used  it  to  make  a  Trial  Experiment  with 

Nitrate  of  Soda 

on  a  small  part  of  a  field,  on  any  staple 
Crop.  It  will  be  a  useful  demonstration 
of  the  value  of  Nitrate  as  a  Fertilizer 
when  used  as  a  Top  Dressing.  The  Trial 

Will  Cost  You  Nothing 

Send  your  name  and  address  on  Post 
Card  for  instructions  and  conditions 

Dr.  WILLIAM  S.  MYERS,  Director  of  Propaganda 


71  Nassau  Street,  New  York 

No  Branch  Offices 


Standard  Among  Drilling  Machine* 

’he  oldest  established  manufacturers,  the  largest 
no  of  drilling  machines  and  tools,  and  41  years 
'f  successful  operation  in  nearly  every  country 
,  in  the  world,  make 

American  Drilling  Machines 

Standard  the  world  over. 

For  every  possible  condition  of  earth 
and  rock  drilling  and  mineral  pros- 
peeting  we  make  a  drill  espe¬ 
cially  designed  for  tho  re¬ 
quirement. 

Catalog  No.  105,  the  most 
complete  “drill  hole”  catalog 
ever  issued,  Free. 

The  American  Well  Works 

General  Office  and  Works, 

Aurora,  Ill. 

Chicago  Office:  First  Na-  ' 
tionai  Bank  Bldg. 


|Cf|  Parm0rOR  SALE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
luU  Idi  Hid  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horace  G.  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa. 

WE  SELL  FARMS  in  Oceana,  best  County  in  U.  S. 

Fruit,  Alfalfa.  Grain  .Vegetables,  Stock,  Poul¬ 
try.  J.  D.  S.  HANSON  &  SON,  Hart,  Mich. 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE. 


.  .  .  MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY  .  .  . 

Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn, 

Send  for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  “  Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


Dalouioro  Cormo  Now  is  the  time  to-bu.v  them. 
UGldWalb  rdllllo  Gen.  du  Pont.  President  of 
the  du  Pont  Powder  Co.,  presented  Delaware  with  a 
Macadam  Road  through  entire  state  When  completed, 
farms  will  be  worth  twice  the  money  asked  now.  Send 
for  our  catalogue,  free.  FORD  A  REIS,  Inc.,  Dept. 
II.,  'Wilmington,  Del. 


1011. 


TH  fcC  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


438 


Ruralisms 


WHO  PRODUCED  THE  ABUNDANCE  PLUM? 

In  1884  or  1885  we  imported  from  Ja¬ 
pan  12  or  more  varieties  of  Japan  plums. 
Among  these  were  the  Botan  and  Ogon. 
These  bore  specimens  in  three  years  af¬ 
ter  we  planted  them.  At  that  time  there 
were  no  other  Japan  plums  bearing  in 
the  State.  Messrs.  Albertson  &  Hobbs, 
owning  a  nursery  near  Indianapolis, 
called  on  us  to  see  these  plums ;  and 
expressed  surprise  that  we  should  have 
then  in  bearing,  while  they  had  them  in 
the  bud  only.  A  few  years  after  a 
neighbor  bought  from  some  New  Jersey 
nursery  a  number  of  Abundance  plums. 
When  they  came  in  bearing  they  were 
identical  with  my  Botan.  No  San  Jose 
scale  was  thought  of  then,  and  we  have 
none  now.  Three  or  four  of  those  im¬ 
ported  trees  are  still  bearing,  though 
over  26  years  old.  j.  h.  haynes. 

Indiana. 


IS  OLDENBURG  APPLE  SELF-FERTILE? 

A.  A.  H.,  Port  Clinton ,  0. — I  intend  to 
top-graft  three  acres  of  apple  trees  set  last 
Fall  to  Duchess  of  Oldenburg.  The  block 
will  be  isolated  from  any  other  apple 
trees.  Are  they  self-pollenizers,  to  insure 
good  crops,  or  if  not,  what  variety  should 
I  use  with  them  to  fertilize  them?  I  have 
six  rows  in  the  block.  Would  the  third  row 
be  enough  to  fertilize  the  two  rows  on 
one  side  and  the  three  rows  on  the  other 
side? 

Ans. — I  have  heard  no  complaint  of 
the  Oldenburg  being  unable  to  pollenize 
its  own  blossoms.  From  the  fact  that  its 
great  hardiness  in  sections  of  our  coun¬ 
try  where  many  other  varieties  perish  by 
cold  has  resulted  in  planting  largely  of 
Oldenburg,  we  may  reasonably  infer  that 
it  is  a  self-fertile  variety.  In  fact,  most 
of  our  better-known  varieties  of  apples 
will  bear  quite  well  when  planted  alone, 
although  it  has  been  observed  that  they 
are  benefited  to  a  greater  or  lesser  ex¬ 
tent  when  there  may  be  cross-pollination 
by  having  different  varieties  planted  in 
the  same  orchard.  It  is.  safe  to  say  that 
if  A.  A.  IT.  plant  the  third  row  of  the 
six  with  some  other  variety  there  will 
be  no  lack  of  cross-pollination,  and  as 
good  results  should  be  expected  as  where 
a  greater  proportion  of  the  orchard  were 
set  to  a  different  variety. 

F.  H.  BALLOU. 


FLORA  OF  PUGET  SOUND. 

A  reader  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  at  Twin  Falls, 
Idaho,  wants  to  know  what  kind  of  a  plant 
is  the  Oregon  grape.  That  brings  me  to  the 
point  of  giving  a  short  description  of  some 
of  the  plants  native  to  the  Puget  Sound 
country.  The  region  might  include,  a  large 
area  of  the  Pacific  Northwest,  lying  west 
of  the  Cascade  Mountains,  and  bordering  on 
the  Pacific  ocean.  Being  a  rain-belt  sec¬ 
tion,  with  long  Summers  and  short  Winters, 
the  natural  flora  differs  from  almost  every 
other  section  of  the  United  States.  The 
natural  condition  of  the  land  touching  the 
shores  of  Puget  Sound  and  sloping  back 
to  the  mountains,  is  that  of  an  extensive 
forest.  Western  Washington,  for  instance, 
at  one  time  had  more  than  eight  million 
acres  in  native  timber.  The  demands  of 
commerce,  for  city  building  and  shipment 
abroad,  has  cut  the  timber  from  approx¬ 
imately  2,250,000  acres.  That  wide  area 
now  represents  an  almost  continuous  wil¬ 
derness  of  stumps  and  logs,  and  is  known 
locally  as  logged-off  land.  Here  and  there 
are  railroad  towns,  and  occasional  farms  and 
orchards.  With  the  removal  of  the  mar¬ 
ketable  timber  came  the  forest  fires,  and 
the  laying  waste  of  great  tracts  of  land. 
Then  nature  attempted  the  work  of  refores¬ 
tation.  The  new  growth  consists  largely 
of  shrubs,  flowers,  berries  and  ferns,  scat¬ 
tered  among  the  young  evergreens.  The 
original  trees  were  chiefly  of  the  evergreen 
family,  consisting  of  fir,  cedar  and  hemlock. 
Among  the  deciduous  timber,  native  to  the 
country,  were  such  trees  as  maple,  alder 
and  oak.  The  maple  and  alder  grow  on 
bottom  lands  and  the  oak  in  the  gravel  or 
prairie  formations. 

Rhododendrons  cover  one  section  of  the 
Puget  Sound  district.  That  comprises  por¬ 
tions  of  three  counties,  Kitsap,  Mason  and 
Jefferson.  A  few'  years  ago,  w'hen  the  pop¬ 
ular  vote  was  to  decide  on  the  State  flower, 
the  boats  entering  Seattle  harbor  were 
loaded  with  Rhododendrons  and  the  flowers 
distributed  throughout  the  city.  They 
captivated  everybody,  and  the  Rhododen¬ 
dron  w'on  as  the  most  popular  candidate, 
the  plant  is  a  shrub,  growing  mainly  on 
sandy  or  gravelly  soil,  generally  where  the 
moisture  is  deficient  during  the  Summer 
months.  Oregon  grape,  Berberis  repeas,  is  a 
bright  little  shrub  that  stands  ail  sorts  of 
not  and  cold  weather,  and  seems  to  prefer 
semi-arid  conditions.  It  seldom  attains  a 
height  of  more  than  two  feet,  and  generally 
??  n°t  s?  tall.  Many  plants  bear  a  rich, 
blue-black  cluster  of  fruit,  resembling 
grapes.  The  fruit  is  used  for  making 


syrup,  canning  and  preserving.  The  foli¬ 
age  resembles  holly  leaves,  and  the  Oregon 
grape  frequently  takes  the  place  of  imported 
holly,  for  decorating  homes  and  public  halls. 

Huckleberries  are  shrubby  plants,  grow¬ 
ing  in  the  open  country.  They  are  of  three 
distinct  types ;  one  bears  blue,  another 
black  and  another  red  fruits.  The  berries 
are  always  marketable,  pickers  often  get¬ 
ting  10  cents  a  pound  for  choice  huckle¬ 
berries  ;  in  fact  I  have  seen  the  berries 
selling  on  the  Seattle  markets  for  25  cents 
a  pound.  The  plants  are  wroody,  and  re¬ 
main  in  the  same  spot  for  years,  the  black 
and  blue  being  evergreen  and  the  red  a 
deciduous  plant.  The  berries  are  used  for 
home  canning,  for  pies  and  w'ine  making. 
Madronas  are  peculiar  trees,  of  hard  w'ood, 
bearing  evergreen  leaves  and  giving  out 
fragrant  blossoms  every  year.  The  tree 
sheds  its  bark  in  the  Spring,  ahd,  from  a 
brown  color,  turns  to  a  rich  green,  followed 
by  a  pink  appearance  and  then  back  to 
the.  glossy  yellow'  or  brown  for  the  Winter. 
It  is  a  remarkably  clean  tree,  and  seems  to 
have  no  enemies.  The  roots  go  down,  much 
the  same  as  hickory,  and  the  plants  are 
often  difficult  to  reset,  because  of  not  hav¬ 
ing  sufficient  surface  rootlets.  Wild  black¬ 
berries  are  the  best  native  fruits  growing 
in  the  Puget  Sound  region.  They  are 
sought  by  families,  markets  and  all  want¬ 
ing  the  combination  of  wild  flavor  and  ex¬ 
cellent  fruit.  It  wras  customary,  years  ago, 
for  the  Indians  to  burn  over  tracts  of  for¬ 
est,  every  Summer,  to  open  up  the  country 
for  wild  berries.  That  did  two  things — - 
supplied  fruits  for  home  use  and  attracted 
the  bear  and  fowls  of  the  timbered  districts. 
Then  the  pioneers  followed  the  same  plan, 
and  t ne  wild  berries  are  well  distributed 
over  the  logged-off  territory.  Salal  berries 
are  grown  on  small,  shrubby  bushes.  They 
are  picked  and  mixed  with  Oregon  grape 
for  making  jams  and  jellies,  and  for  boil¬ 
ing  to  a  syrup,  which  many  prefer  to  that 
purchased  in  cans,  coming  from  the  refin¬ 
ing  mills  of  somewhere.  The  salal  plant, 
like  the  others,  thrives  on  sandy,  gravelly 
upland,  from  which  the  timber-  has  been 
removed.  Its  berries  are  ripe  in  September, 
and  stand  beside  the  huckleberries,  until 
Christmas,  giving  fruits  for  the  people  and 
food  for  fowls  and  animals.  Salmon  berries 
are  among  the  wild  fruits,  growing  •  in 
marshy  and  shaded  spots,  along  the  water¬ 
ways.  The  plants  stand  about  four  feet, 
and  branch  out,  in  tree  form.  If  there  is 
enough  room  for  spreading.  The  fruits  are 
rich  salmon  color  and  come  about  the  first 
thing  in  the  Spring,  being  much  sought  by 
birds  and  wild  fowl.  Wild  raspberries  are 
fine,  ornamental  unbrella-shaped  plants, 
bearing  black  fruits,  and  companions  of  the 
salmon  berries.  joel  siiomaker. 

Washington. 


THE  0  K  CHAMPION  SPRAYER 


Paris  Green 
that  is 
Effective 

THERE  are  many  Greens  on  the 
market,  but  they  are  not  all  of  the 
.  same  quality.  The  result-produc¬ 
ing  kind  must  possess  two  essential  prop¬ 
erties  :  first,  insect  killing  power  ;  and 
second,  freedom  from  an  excess  of  the  un¬ 
combined  or  “free”  arsenic  which  blights 
and  burns  the  foliage.  Both  these  attri¬ 
butes  are  secured  to  an  unusual  degree  in 

SHERWIN-WILLIAMS 

PARIS  GREEN 

Our  special  processes  insure  a  Green 
which  is  exceptionally  strong  in  poisonous 
properties,  yet  one  which  contains  so  little 
‘‘free”  or  uncombined  arsenic  as  to  make 
it  absolutely  safe  in  so  far  as  its  effect 
upon  the  vegetation  itself  is  concerned. 
In  addition  to  these  points  its  uniform 
unbroken  crystal  construction  makes  it 
unusually  light  in  gravity,  so  that  it  holds 
well  _  in  suspension,  does  not  wash  off 
readily,  and  covers  a  large  area  per  pound. 
Always  full  net  weight.  Write  for  prices 
on  your  requirements. 

The  Sherwin-Williams  Co. 

MAKERS  OF  INSECTICIDES  AND  FUNGICIDES 


Insures  the  potato  and 
other  vegetable  crops 
from  damage  by  blight 


or  bugs.  Their  Work 
Guaranteed. 

ALL  BRASS  Double 
Acting  High  Pressure 
Bronze  Ball  Valve  Force 
Pump  with  relief  valve 
is  unequalled. 

LARGE  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE  FREE 

describing  0  K  Champion  Potato  Sprayers, 
Planters,  Diggers,  etc.,  with  particulars. 
Write  today. 

Champion  Potato  Machinery  Co. 

151  Chicago  A  ye..  Hammond,  Ind. 


SPRAY  fruits  and 

*  FIELD  CROPS 

" ™ ^  and  do  whitewashing  in  most  effectual,  economical, 
rapid  wa j.  Satiefaction  guaranteed.  BROWN’S 

’  POWERR  Auto-Sprays 

1  No.  1 ,  shown  her.,  ia  fltto.l  with  Auto-Pop  Nratlo— 
/  ""'AU.'  orillD»rr  •prayer,.  Endorsed  by  Ei- 

J  periment  StAtiooa  and  300,000  other,.  40  style,  and 
1  .„Ifs  °‘  h*Dd  ,n,11  P0"«r  Bprayerfl— also  price, 

'  »nd  viloabl,  spraying  guido  In  our  Free  Book. 
Writo  postal  now. 

THE  E.  C.  BROWN  COMPANY 

11  o  Jay  St .  Rochester,  N.  X. 


SIT 


635  CANAL  ROAD 
CLEVELAND,  O. 


This  book,  “Spraying —  I 
a  Profitable  Invest¬ 
ment,”  sent  free. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


POTATO 

SPRAYERS 


233  Bushels 


"ONE  FOR  All,”  No.  1 


I 

OCATH  TO  INSCCTS  A  FUNGI 

Barrel,.  425  lbs  ... _  -  ns-  per  111 

«  Bbl, .,200  Ibs.^—  os-, 

100  lb, ...... _ _  “ 

50  lbs . . — _ nMf'  ° 

25  lb, - cum.  — .03 

r  O.  8  NEW  YORK 

Wool  Greet, e,  Arsenate  of  Lead,  Lime-Sulphur 
Combined.  A  Contact  and  Pouon  Spray. 

A t\  Insecticide  &  Fungicide. 

Only  Thing  Needed  for  all  Pe*ti  or  Fungus.’ 
WRITE  FOR  BOOKLET. 

MANHATTAN 'OIL  COMPANY 

Eatabjiahed  18SJ 

.61  Front  Street.  New  York 


more  per  acre  by 
Spraying 

That  is  what  the 
New  York  Exper¬ 
iment  Station 
reports  as  a 
year  averagt* 

Gain  by  Spray 
ing  potatoes. 

Don’t  let 
blight,  scab, 
rot,  and 

bugs  cut  _  _ . 

your  crop  In  half— but  get  a  HURST  Sprayer  and 
make  all  the  Money  you  are  really  entitled  to  for 
your  work  out  of  your  Potatoes  or  fruit.  Spray 
first,  then  if  you  bny,  Pay  Us  out  of  the  “Extra  Pro- 
fit.”  These  sprayers  Spray  Anything,  potatoes, 
orchards,  vineyards,  truck  (4  to  6  rows  at  a  time). 
"Man-power  and  horse-power.”  Powerful  pres¬ 
sure.  Easy  on  man  and  horse.  Strong  and 
durable.  Brass  valves,  plunger,  strainer,  etc. 
Guaranteed  for  5  Years. 

Shipped  on  Free  Trial 

without  a  cent  in  advance.  No  bank  deposit. 

no  strings”  to  our  trial  offer.  Wholesale  prices. 
Wo  pay  Freight. 

W  rite  ns  a  letter  or  card 
and  tell  us  which  mach¬ 
ine  you  are  interested 
in,  and  you’ll  get  free  our 
valuable  SprayingGuide 
—Catalog— and  ourspec- 
lal  Free  Offer  to  first  in 
each  locality  this  season. 
Be  first  to  write  us. 

H.  1.  HURST  MFG.  CO.. 
*81  NORTH  ST..  CANTON.  OHIO 


Spray  30  Acres  a  Day 

Potatoes,  Small  Fruits,  Vines 

Spraying  that  counts.  6  rows  at  a  time  with  force  to  do 
work  right.  Foliage  sprayed  all  over,  under  as  well  as 
on  lop.  The  Perfection  Sprayer  is  also  great  at  orchard 
work.  Spray  trees  by  hand.  Easy  to  maintain  iao 
pounds  pressure  with  two  nozzles  going.  Strong  60 
gallon  tank,  perfect  agitation,  absolutely  beat  spray 
pump  made.  Spray  pipes  fold  up— you  can 
drive  close  to  trees  and  in  narrow  places. 
Over  23  years  a  sprayer  builder.  1  know  re¬ 
quirements,  and  I  know  the  Perfection  is 
right.  Over  lOOO  In  use, 
all  giving  satisfaction. 
W  rite  for  Free  Catalog. 
Don’t  bny  any  sprayer 
till  it  comes. 

THOMAS 
PEPPLER 
Box  45,Hightstown,N.J. 

II  DDR  V  Adopted  bythe  N.Y  .State  FruitGrowers’Ass’n- 
Omni  IT  WILL  PAY  YOU  TO  USE  EITIIKK. 


PASTE  OR  POWDERED 
FOR  ALL  LEAF  EATING  INSECTS 
RESPONSIBLE  DISTRIBUTERS  aho AGENTS  WANTEO 

KEY  BRAND 

RIGHT  PRICE  and  MATERIAL 

FUNGICIDE  and  INSECTICIDE 

i  USE 

INTERSTATE  CHEMICAL  CO. 

HDAYVIEW  AVE..JERSEY  CITY.  N.J. 
WRITE  FOR  PRICES, CIRCULARS  ETC.  CORRESPONDENCE  SOLICITEDl 


SPRAY 


Watson  OSPRAYMO  4-ROW 
High  Pressure  Potato  Sprayer 

Never  damages  foliage,  but  always  reaches  bugs,  worms,  and 
other  foliage-eating  insects.  lias  all  improvements,— adjustable 
wheel  Width,  spray  and  pressure  instantly  regulated.  Capacity  80  to  40 
acresadav.  free  formula  book.  Send  for  instruction  book  sliowiug  the 
famous  Garfield,  Leader,  Empire  King  and  other  sprayers. 

FIELD  FORCE  PUMP  CO.,  »  Eleventh  St.,  Elmira,  N.  Y. 


Frait  Sprayed  with 
Bowkcr’s  “Pyrox” 

brings  more  money  because  ft  is  free  from  injury  by  worms, 

"  scab,  etc.  Over  300  testimonials  in  our 
new  catalogue  show  the  great  value  of  this  preparation  on  all  kinds  of  fruits 
and  vegetables.  Pyrox  serves  two  purposes  ;  it  kills  insects  and  prevents  dis¬ 
ease  and  blemish.  It  adheres  to  the  foliage  even  through  heavy  rains,  saving- 
labor  and  cost  of  re-spraying.  Perfectly  safe.  It  is  all  ready  to  use  by  mixing 
with  cold  water.  Every  grower  who  seeks  fruit  and  vegetables  free  from 
blemish  needs  “Pyrox,”  the  “one  best  spray.”  It 

“Fills  the  barrel  with  the  kind  they  used  to  put  on  Top” 

.  Send  for  new  catalogue  with  photograph  of  sprayed  and  unsprayed  fruit  in 
original  colors.  TV  ill  convince  the  most  skeptical.  Say  how  many  and  what 
kinds  of  fruit  trees,  or  how  many  acres  of  potatoes  you  have  to  spray,  and  ask 
tor  special  prices.  We  ship  from  Boston,  Baltimore,  and  Cincinnati. 

ROWKFR  INSECTICIDE  COMPANY, 

▼  ▼  ll  -LJ  XV  43  CHATHAM  STREET.  BOSTON.  MASS. 


500 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


April  15, 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FA  TIMER'S  PAPER. 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes. 
Established.  1850. 


Publilhed  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Compnny,  409  Pearl  Street,  New  York. 

Herbert  W.  Collingwood,  President  and  Editor, 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Hoyle,  Associate  Editor. 


SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR. 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  $2.04,  equal  to 
8s.  6d.,  or  marks,  or  10*2  francs.  Remit  in  money  order, 
express  order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 


Advertising  rates  00  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  timi 
orders.  References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to 
us;  and  cr.sh  irust  accompany  transient  orders. 


"A  SQUARE  DEAL/’ 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a 
responsible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any 
ioss  to  paid  subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler 
advertising  in  ourcolumns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  ex¬ 
posed.  We  protect  subcribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee 
to  adjust  trifling  differences  between  subscribers  and  honest,  respon¬ 
sible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be  responsible  for  the  debts  of 
honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts.  Notice  of  the  complaint 
must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of  the  transaction, 
and  you  must  have  mentioned  Thk  Rural  New-Yorker  when 
writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

Mail  matter  recently  reached  England  bearing  the 
following  postmark,  “First  Aerial  Post,  Allahabad, 
1911.”  The  postal  authorities  in  India  established  an 
aerial  post  in  order  to  show  what  a  flying  machine 
can  do  in  carrying  messages  to  a  beleaguered  town. 
Letters  and  post  cards  are  carried  and  can  thus  be 
quickly  delivered  over  mountains  or  lakes.  This  is 
the  first  use  of  the  flying  machine  in  the  mail  service. 
Think  of  it,  while  Indian  mail  is  flying,  parcels  post  in 
this  land  of  the  free  crawls  with  ball  and  chain  on 
its  leg. 

* 

In  the  Canadian  Northwest  the  contractor  who  was 
building  a  railroad  found  Winter  suddenly  upon  him. 
Snow  came  on  so  rapidly  that  it  was  impossible  to 
work,  and  he  was  left  with  a  gang  of  idle,  hungry 
men,  brought  there  under  promise  of  good  food.  He 
proposed  to  feed  them  on  what  is  called  “a  stick  and 
a  track.”  That  is,  he  handed  a  hungry  man  a  stick, 
‘■•bowed  him  a  rabbit  track  in  the  soft,  deep  snow,  and 
told  him  to  hunt  his  meat.  These  "back  to  the  land” 
boomers  (land  agents  and  “high-browed”  thinkers)  do 
not  offer  the  clerks  and  broken-down  business  men 
much  more  substantial  food  than  “a  stick  and  a  track.” 
Ofttimes  the  track  on  which  the  city  men  is  started  is 
more  visionary  than  that  of  a  rabbit  in  the  snow.  Some 
of  these  men  may  think  we  are  cruel  in  throwing  cold 
water  on  their  farm  dreams,  but  most  of  them  would 
need  to  show  twice  the  energy  and  judgment  they  have 
yet  shown  in  order  to  make  a  living  on  a  farm. 

* 

Throughout  the  North  this  is  a  hard  season  for 
“cover  crops,”  especially  for  Crimson  clover.  A  cold 
and  windy  March  is  the  most  trying  season  for  this 
crop.  The  plants  are  lifted  out  by  the  roots — and  that 
ends  them.  Wheat  has  suffered  in  the  same  way,  but 
rye  is  a  tougher  plant  and  is  generally  in  better  shape. 
■Some  farmers  do  not  appreciate  the  value  of  rye  in 
such  a  season  as  the  last  one.  With  us  it  was  too 
dry  to  start  clover  or  vetch  in  time  to  get  a  paying 
growth,  but  rye,  seeded  late,  came  on  and  covered  the 
ground.  The  farm  is  now  green  with  it.  We  can  plow 
it  under  for  green  manuring  or  let  it  go  to  straw  and 
grain.  We  believe  that  vetch  is  the  coming  cover 
crop — in  several  ways  superior  to  Crimson  clover. 
That  is  why  we  give  so  much  space  to  it.  The  crop 
has  been  of  great  value  to  many  farmers.  We  are 

here  to  help  extend  values  when  we  can. 

* 

What  are  the  facts  about  imports  of  cream  into  this 
country?  We  have  seen  half  a  dozen  different  state¬ 
ments.  President  Taft  told  Congress  that  the  amount 
was  731,761  gallons,  worth  $577,698.  We  find  that 
this  was  for  the  year  ending  June,  1910.  The  last 
tariff  bill  went  into  effect  in  August,  1909.  At  this 
time  the  tariff  on  cream  was  reduced  to  five  cents  a 
gallon.  We  have  been  informed  that  this  was  the 
result  of  a  clerical  error,  the  tariff  makers  intending 
to  make  it  five  cents  a  pound.  The  effect  of  this  tariff 
reduction  was  not  noticed,  particularly  until  1910,  when 
American  butter  makers  found  that  they  could  go 
over  the  line  and  buy  Canadian  cream  cheaper  than 
American  cream  would  sell  for.  The  figures  given  by 
President  Taft  cover  scarcely  six  months  of  imports 
due  to  the  lower  tariff.  In  the  eight  months  since 
last  June  this  country  has  imported  1,921,939  gallons 
of  cream,  valued  at  $1,543,759 !  Practically  all  of  this 
came  fropi  Canada.  Thus  in  eight  months  after  this 
lower  tariff  got  into  good  working  order  this  country 
imported  nearly  three  times  as  much  cream  as  Presi¬ 


dent  Taft  told  Congress  Canada  sends  us  in  a  year. 
This  is  only  a  beginning  of  the  stream  which  will 
follow,  in  fact  the  Boston  milk  contractors  have  already 
started  to  cut  down  the  price  of  milk  to  producers. 

* 

“When  you  buy  a  farm  you  buy  a  job;  no  more ! 
It’s  up  to  you  to  make  good  or  poor  wages!”  j.  d. 

If  we  were  czar  we  would  see  to  it  that  every 
“back  to  the  lander”  had  that  as  a  motto  in  large 
letters  where  he  would  be  obliged  to  read  it  twice  a 
day.  It  is  true.  There  are  still  some  hopeful  souls 
who  think  the  mere  act  of  moving  to  a  farm  will  in¬ 
sure  them  competence  and  home.  Read  the  stories 
we  are  printing  from  people  who  have  struggled  to 
make  a  home  on  the  land.  They  had  no  dress  parade, 
hut  a  fight.  Possibly  you  think  you  are  smarter,  or 
that  in  same  way  Nature  will  deal  you  better  cards 
in  the  game  of  country  life.  Our  advice  is  to  get  over 
that  idea  before  you  start.  But  do  understand  this: 
These  men  who  worked  hard  and  won  a  home  through 
their  labor  have  gained  the  noblest  job  that  life  can 
offer.  It  came  hard  to  conquer  the  land  and  make  it 
yield  a  living  and  more — but  it  was  well  worth  while. 

* 

The  New  York  State  Legislature  finally  broke  the 
deadlock  which  had  existed  for  three  months  and 
elected  Judge  James  A.  O’Gorman  as  U.  S.  Senator 
to  succeed  Chauncey  M.  Depew.  The  R.  N.-Y.  had 
hoped  that  the  leaders  of  the  Democratic  party  would 
go  up  State  and  select  a  farmer  or  strong  business 
man  with  farm  interests  for  this  position  at  this  time. 
We  hoped  that  the  party  might  seek  the  man  for  the 
service  rather  than  accept  the  man  who  sought  the 
place.  The  dream  was  altruistic,  but  it  came  half 
true.  Judge  O'Gorman  did  not  seek  the  position.  It 
came  to  him  unsought,  and  while  no  man  could  de¬ 
cline  such  an  honor,  the  acceptance  in  his  case  was 
not  without  sacrifice. 

The  election  of  Judge  O'Gorman  has  been  received 
with  different  emotions  by  the  varying  exponents  of 
party  expression.  Those  who  held  up  the  hands  of 
the  insurgents  who  caused  the  deadlock  praised  the 
new  Senator  and  called  it  a  victory  for  the  opposition 
to  Tammany  Hall.  Others  called  it  a  complete  sur¬ 
render  of  the  insurgents  and  the  triumph  of  the 
Tammany  organization.  The  impartial  analyst  saw 
in  it  a  happy  solution  of  a  difficult  situation.  The 
majority  went  into  the  party  caucus  with  their  modern 
Cincinnatus,  not  from  the  plow,  but  from  their  own 
membership,  and  not  only  preserved  the  principle  of 
majority  rule,  but  the  dignity  and  privilege  of  party 
control.  The  insurgents  defeated  the  first  choice  of 
the  majority  and  demonstrated  the  independence  of 
county  representation.  The  State  profited  in  the  se¬ 
lection  of  an  honest  and  able  representative. 

Judge  O'Gorman  has  been  on  the  Supreme  bench 
in  the  First  Department  for  the  past  11  years.  Pre¬ 
vious  to  that  he  served  for  six  years  as  judge  of  the 
Municipal  Court.  Few  men  have  enjoyed  greater  dis¬ 
tinction  as  a  jurist  among  his  associates,  as  a  lawyer 
among  members  of  the  bar,  or  as  a  man  among  his 
neighbors  and  friends.  His  most  conspicuous  service 
as  a  jurist  was  probably  rendered  in  the  hearing  of 
the  franchise  tax  cases,  which  resulted  in  the  collec¬ 
tion  of  some  $40,000,000  of  back  taxes  and  a  great 
saving  to  the  city  and  State.  For  ability  Senator 
O’Gorman  will  measure  up  well  with  his  associates  in 
the  U.  S.  Senate.  As  a  man  of  integrity  and  high 
ideals,  he  will  have  no  superior.  If  he  were  a  farmer 
we  could  ask  nothing  more ;  but  he  has  already  an¬ 
nounced  his  position  in  favor  of  parcels  post,  and  we 
hope  to  find  him  later  on  the  right  side  of  the  agri¬ 
cultural  interests.  He  goes  to  Washington  with  bright 
prospects  for  the  continuation  of  a  useful  and  brilliant 
career. 

* 

No  doubt  tlie  “corn  contests”  have  helped  wake  up 
the  interest  in  corn  growing.  Some  of  the  reported 
yields  are  so  large  that  people  may  well  ask  what  it 
was  that  was  measured,  what  is  “corn”  anyway?  We 
are  through  talking  about  milk,  as  if  all  specimens 
were  alike.  We  know  that  they  run  all  the  way  from 
less  than  two  per  cent  to  six  per  cent  fat — the  latter 
being  worth  about  three  times  as  much  as  the  former. 
The  same  with  “corn.”  When  we  hear  that  some  man 
produced  150  bushels  of  corn  on  one  acre  it  is  time  to 
go  after  him  just  as  they  are  chasing  those  $12  hens. 
Dr.  Jenkins,  of  the  Connecticut  Experiment  Station, 
has  been  doing  this  very  thing.  He  found  that  the 
plan  was  to  weigh  the  husked  ears  in  the  Fall  and 
then  figure  that  70  pounds  of  ears  would  make  a  bushel 
of  shelled  corn.  It  was  found  that  some  of  this  corn 
contained  over  20  per  cent  of  water.  Five  samples 
varied  from  16  to  22.22  per  cent.  Anyone  can  see  the 
folly  of  comparing  such  specimens  of  corn  as  if  they 
were  just  alike,  or  of  calling  any  of  them  dry  corn. 
In  order  to  make  these  samples  even  30  pounds  of 
ears  were  dried  and  shelled  so  that  each  sample  con¬ 
tained  14  per  cent  of  water  and  no  more.  They  were 


then  alike  as  “corn,”  and  56  pounds  was  taken  as  a 
bushel.  Now  see  what  a  difference  this  made.  The 
first  column  gives  the  yield  as  figured  at  a  “corn  con¬ 
test”  while  the  other  shows  the  actual  corn. 


70  lbs.  ears 

to  bushel. 

1 23.5 
110.0 
72.9 
1 20.0 
116.0 


56  lbs.  shelled 
corn  to  bushel. 
63 
90 
68 
104 
90 


So  that  hereafter  when  a  man  comes  forward  with 
a  big  corn  record  we  would  like  to  know  how  many 
pounds  of  extra  water  there  are  in  a  bushel.  We  can 
raise  water  with  a  pump — no  use  paying  a  cornstalk 
to  do  it. 


* 


And  now  this  celebrated  Guernsey  cow  case  is  com¬ 
ing  to  a  head.  After  repeated  calls  for  Missy  of  the 
Glen  to  “come  back,"  Mr.  Hammond,  the  lawyer  who 
secured  that  famous  injunction  for  Mr.  Taylor,  comes 
forward  with  a  long  statement.  The  first  part  of  it  is 
found  on  page  506.  We  are  very  glad  to  give  Mr. 
Taylor  a  chance  to  state  his  case.  What  is  the  use, 
however,  of  all  these  words  when  a  few  pailfuls  of 
milk  right  from  the  cow  would  settle  the  business  for 
good,  provided  the  milk  was  as  fat  as  it  should  be? 
Granting  that  Missy  cannot  repeat  the  great  record 
which  we  print  on  page  504,  let  the  public  see  how  fat 
her  milk  is  right  now.  We  venture  to  say  that  until 
some  more  of  that  nine  per  cent  milk  is  made,  openly 
and  honestly,  95  per  cent  of  our  dairymen  will  refuse 
to  accept  the  Supreme  Court  injunction,  and  regard 
that  test  with  suspicion.  Mr.  Hammond’s  statement 
gives  us  opportunity  to  review  the  test  and  examine 
that  milk  analysis.  We  shall  come  as  near  as  we  can, 
without  actually  milking  Missy,  to  learning  whether  it 
is  possible  for  a  cow  to  give  1151.20  pounds  of  milk 
testing  9.07  per  cent  fat  in  30  days  after  milking  11 
months !  That  is  what  every  cow  man  wants  to  know. 

* 

It  will  be  generally  admitted  that  we  chase  after  the 
fakes  and  frauds  with  a  persistence  which  must  often 
seem  tiresome  to  them.  We  find  it  necessary  to  do  this 
in  order  to  give  them  their  deserved  punishment  of 
publicity.  Yet  why  not  advertise  the  good  as  well  as 
the  evil  in  men?  If  publicity  makes  a  stern  punish¬ 
ment  it  may  also  be  used  as  a  fair  reward.  So  we 
make  no  excuse  for  printing  this  letter : 

I  was  more  tbau  pleased  with  your  kindly  notice  of  my 
dear  old  friend  J.  S.  Woodward.  I,  too,  owe  him  a  big 
debt  of  gratitude.  When  I  was  a  poor  boy  just  struggling 
to  get  hold  of  the  science  of  agriculture,  that  I  somehow 
had  faith  in,  I  read  somewhere  that  J.  S.  Woodward  had 
become  rich  farming,  and  that  idea  of  “a  rich  farmer” 
stuck  to  me  until,  with  a  few  hard-earned  dollars,  when 
17  or  18  years  old,  I  made  a  trip  out  to  Lockport  and  in¬ 
troduced  myself  to  Brother  Woodward  and  went  plumb 
at  him  right  off  with  this  question  :  “1  hear  you  have  be¬ 

come  rich  farming,  Mr.  Woodward,  and  I  would  like  to 
know  how  you  did  it.”  In  his  kindly  way  he  took  me  in 
his  buggy  all  about  his  farm,  and  showed  me  everything  he 
was  doing  and  how  he  did  it,  which  was  finally  boiled 
down  into  this  one  bit  of  advice,  which  lie  said  he  got  from 
his  father  in  his  early  days:  “Jabez,  never  sell  a  load  of 
clover,  nor  ever  let  one  drive  by  your  farm.”  1  am  sure 
that  first  and  leading  advice  from  Mr.  Woodward  has  been 
u  large  controlling  fnetor  in  my  farming  operations.  I 
have  maintained  a  close  personal  friendship  with  him  from 
that  day  to  this  and  his  kindly  greeting  of  "John,”  as  he 
always  calls  me,  when  everybody  else  says  "Hale”  or 
“J.  II.,”  always  gives  me  a  mighty  good  feeling,  and  again 
I  thank  you  for  the  kind  words  you  have  for  oue  of  the 
original  big  agricultural  men  of  America.  J.  h.  hale. 

Connecticut. 


BREVITIES. 

The  sweet-tongued  rogue  is  a  sugar  beat. 

There  are  six  experiment  stations  on  the  island  of 
Madagascar. 

Raw  potatoes  at  this  season  help  the  cows.  Cook 
them  for  hogs. 

A  German  experiment  in  keeping  seed  potatoes  is  to 
pack  them  in  crushed  coke. 

No  one  seems  to  come  forward  and  find  fault  with 
Mrs.  Houdan  for  claiming  to  be  the  “frost-proof  lien.” 

In  Holland  street  refuse  is  to  be  ground  and  crushed 
into  bricks  with  tar  and  used  as  fuel  for  public  heating. 

If  you  cannot  grow  Alfalfa  and  the  clover  did  not 
catch,  oats  and  peas  will  fill  the  hole  up.  Go  and  sow 
a  good-sized  patch. 

Every  farm  child  should  learn  to  know  the  lady- 
beetle  and  recognize  it  as  a  friend.  No  gentleman  will 
destroy  the  lady-beetle.  It  kills  thousands  of  plant  lice. 

Great  Britain  imported  last  year  $50,598,105  worth 
of  fruits  and  nuts,  of  which  $10,654,272  were  for  apples 
and  $11,035,105  for  oranges.  It  might  well  be  twice  as 
much  for  apples  and  still  not  enough  to  go  around. 

A  dozen  big  ragweeds  growing  close  to  a  young  tree 
may  rob  it  of  enough  water  to  spoil  its  season's  growth. 
Full  these  weeds  and  pile  them  around  the  tree  and 
they  hold  moisture  and  give  the  tree  a  drink.  You 
might  call  this  the  difference  between  a  sucker  and  a 
succorer. 

March  1  the  New  York  Milk  Exchange  reduced  the 
price  of  milk  to  the  producers,  and  immediately  there¬ 
after  a  great  “quick  lunch”  company  in  New  York  raised 
the  price  of  “hot  rice  with  cream”  (very  thin  cream, 
loo),  which  is  a  favorite  dish  in  such  places,  from  10 
to  15  cents.  Just  where  does  the  “ultimate  consumer” 
come  in? 


SOI 


1911.  THE  KUKAE  NEW-YORKER 

20,000  Reasons 

Why  You  Should  Huy  an  E'M-F 


TWENTY  THOUSAND  OF  THEM 

a  composite,  living,  overwhelming  argu¬ 
ment.  Each  reason — reason  enough,  con¬ 
vincing  and  satisfying,  yet,  were  it  possible 
for  you  to  investigate,  question,  prove  each 
separate  reason,  you  would  probably  find 
some  new  point  of  interest  to  rivet  your  at¬ 
tention  and  create  in  your  mind  a  like  desire 
to  own  the  car  that  could  stir  up  such  enthu¬ 
siasm  and  scatter  broadcast  such  satisfaction. 

IT  IS  EASY  TO  WRITE  UPON  PAPER 

mere  statements,  to  waste  the  public’s  time 
and  abuse  its  patience  by  wearisome  reitera¬ 
tion  of  platitudes  that  have  been  dished  up 
in  rhetorical  display  over  and  over  again, 
talking  the  merits  of  this  and  that  car,  with 
the  same  old  jaded  adjectives.  But,  in  the 
name  of  the  great  Automobile  Industry,  let 
us  get  down  to  the  tangible,  living  thing 
that  has  the  red  blood  of  sincerity  in  it,  the 
personal,  gripping  interest  that  shines  in  the 
eyes  of  men  as  they  talk  face  to  face  about 
the  great  thing  they  have  put  their  hearts 
and  faith  in. 

REASONS  CLOTHED  IN  FLESH  AND 
BLOOD.  And  there  is  no  argument  like 
unto  this  argument — produce  any  man,  no 
matter  what  his  birth  or  breeding,  whether 
he  moves  in  high  society  or  not,  so  long  as 
he  be  honest  in  his  opinions,  strong  in  his 
convictions,  has  stood  the  test  of  experience 
and  found  out  that  it  is  infinitely  better  to 
“know”  than  to  “believe  that  man  has 
a  right  to  stand  upon  his  feet  and  have  his 
say,  and  what’s  more  to  the  point,  the 
world  will  surely  listen. 

PROUDLY  AND  CONFIDENTLY  we  in¬ 
troduce  you  to  twenty  thousand  such  men. 
In  a  moment,  as  it  were,  we  can  usher  you 
into  the  charmed  circle  of  a  great  living 
friendship  that  with  twenty  thousand 
tongues  will  affirm  one  concrete  absolute 
fact,  in  twenty  thousand  different  methods 
and  words  of  expression,  each  and  every 
one  enthusiastically  endorsing  the  same 
truth — a  unity  of  “reason  why”  such  as 
the  commercial  world  has  never  before  seen. 

TWENTY  THOUSAND  E-M-F  “30” 
OWNERS.  They  are  our  reasons.  Each 
one  a  thinking,  separate  personality — each 
one  with  likes  and  dislikes  that  differenti¬ 
ated  him  from  all  the  others,  for  no  two  out 
of  that  immense  number  approached  the 
question  of  “shall  I  buy”  or  “I  will  buy” 
an  E-M-F  “30”  from  quite  the  same  rea¬ 
soning  point.  One,  had  to  weigh  carefully 
the  question  of  first  cost ; another,  the  “after 
buying’'  cost  of  upkeep.  One,  never  con¬ 
sidered  price,  but  was  attracted  by  quality ; 
another,  having  a  bent  toward  mechanics, 
saw  quickly  the  perfect  chassis.  One,  con¬ 
sidered  the  financial  stability  of  the  Com¬ 
pany  behind  the  product ;  another  that  same 
Company’s  good  faith  and  so  on — ad  infin¬ 
itum. 

BUT  THEY  ALL  REACHED  THE  SAME 
CONCLUSION.  There  was  some  unan¬ 
swerable  argument  presented,  some  fact  of 
mechanical  supremacy  that  could  not  be  de¬ 
nied,  some  record  of  enduring  quality  that 
appealed,  some  enthusiastic  owner  that 
“boosted,”  which  compelled  each  and  every 
one  of  these  20,000  men  to  buy  an  E-M-F 
“30.”  Through  the  maze  of  all  other  rival 
cars  for  sale  they  found  their  way  to  the 
one  car  that  expressed  to  them  in  terms  of 
power,  speed,  reliability,  comfort  and  serv¬ 
iceability  the  “ideal”  each  and  every  one 
possessed.  That  in  buying  an  E-M-F  “30” 
they  proved  their  judgment  to  be  correct, 
is  now  a  matter  of  record. 


THESE  MEN  ARE  REPRESENTATIVE 

of  all  that  is  best  and  constructive  in  our 
great  commonwealth.  E-M-F  “30”  owners 
form  a  democracy  of  varied  interests, 
among  them  being  Bankers  who  know 
the  value  of  money  and  its  purchasing 
power —  Lawyers  who  are  skilled  in  dis¬ 
covering  the  weak  points  in  any  argument — 
Tradesmen  who  know  how  to  buy  for 
profit — Farmers  who,  as  a  class,  are  the 
most  careful  purchasers  of  automobiles — 
Business  men  in  the  most  populous  cen¬ 
ters,  who  had  every  opportunity  to  draw 
comparisons  and  weigh  the  merits  of  rival 
cars — Doctors  who  demand  the  kind  of  car 
that  must  be  always  ready — at  a  moment’s 
notice — to  go  anywhere  over  any  kind  of  a 
road — every  trade  and  profession — mil¬ 
lionaires  and  men  who  live  upon  modest 
incomes  are  all  represented  in  the  great 
army  of  E-M-F  “30”  owners. 

BUT  THERE  IS  ONE  REASON  why  you 

should  buy  an  E-M-F  “30”  that  is  greater 
and  more  convincing  than  any  one  of  those 
20,000  reasons  that  made  men  choose  an 
E-M-F  “30”  rather  than  any  other  car  at 
any  other  price.  And  this,  what  we  call 
“the  unanswerable  reason”  has  been 
getting  stronger  and  bigger  every  day,  from 
the  time  the  first  E-M-F  “30”  passed  into 
the  hands  of  the  first  owner,  until  this  very 
moment;  in  fact,  now,  it  is  like  some  irre¬ 
sistible  power,  moving  all  over  the  land  and 
sweeping  everything  before  it ;  we  call  this 
invincible  “reason”  by  a  simple  name  every¬ 
body  knows. 

“SATISFACTION.”  That’s  it.  Each  and 
every  man  who  owns  an  E-M-F  “30” 
is  satisfied.  They  are  all  subscribers,  as  it 
were,  to  the  enthusiasm  and  interest  about 
that  proved,  enduring  quality  and  record- 
breaking  price,  which  have  made  the  E-M- 
F  “30”  the  most  talked  of  automobile  in 
America,  perhaps,  in  the  world,  because, 
and  we  say  this  without  fear  of  contradic¬ 
tion,  there  is  no  car  made  upon  which  so 
many  men  absolutely  agree.  These  20,000 
satisfied  owners  will  tell  you  one  story, 
simple  and  convincing,  that  they  own  a  car 
they  are  proud  to  drive,  to  “boost,”  to  en¬ 
dorse,  a  car  that  not  only  backed  their  judg¬ 
ment,  but  above  all,  taught  them  the  lesson 
— that  it  isn’t  necessary  to  decorate  a  check 
book  with  a  lot  of  fancy  figures  and  rob  a 
bank  balance  to  buy  an  automobile  whose 
quality  is  in  the  chassis,  where  it  belongs. 

THE  HISTORY  of  this  universal  satisfaction 
which,  by  the  by,  will  sell  another  20,000 
E-M-F  “30”  cars  this  year,  is  the  history  of 
the  E-M-F  Company,  an  organization  that 
revolutionized  the  automobile  industry,  not 
alone  in  values,  but  in  methods  of  manufac¬ 
ture  ;  that  gave  the  buying  public  a  car 
which  has  literally  defied  competition  and 
sold  itself.  The  E-M-F  Company  has  al¬ 
ways  been  a  year  or  two  in  advance  of  the 
times.  We  make  practically  every  part  of 
our  car,  cast  our  own  cylinders,  forge, 
stamp  and  heat  treat  our  own  steel  and 
make  our  own  bodies.  Mr.  Flanders’  fore¬ 
cast,  published  in  March,  1908,  that  “we 
can  manufacture  more  automobiles  of  a 
better  quality  at  a  lower  cost  than  any  other 
concern  now  in  existence,”  was  a  prophecy 
that  has  been  magnificently  fulfilled. 

WHY?  Why  was  Flanders’  prophecy  fulfilled? 
Ask  any  one  of  the  twenty  thousand  owners 
of  an  E-M-F  “30.”  He  will  show  you  his 
car  and  say,  “There  is  the  reason.”  So  you 
look  at  it,  examine  it,  ride  in  it,  listen  to 
the  owner  recounting  its  prowess,  its  mile- 


“30”— $1,000 

age,  its  speed,  what  it  has  done  and  the 
magnificent  way  it  has  stood  the  “gaff.” 
Because  an  E-M-F  “30”  is  such  a  glutton 
for  service,  it  sort  of  lures  a  man  on  to  give 
it  hard  usage.  Automobiles  have  their 
particular  kind  of  personalities.  You  get  to 
“know”  a  car.  What  may  be  expected  of  it 
under  certain  conditions  and  an  element  of 
pride  and  friendship  is  established.  So  when 
Mr.  Flanders’  determination  “to  make  a 
better  quality  car  at  a  lower  cost”  than  any 
other  concern  made  or  sold,  took  shape  in 
an  E-M-F  “30,”  then  also  was  created 
the  “reason”  of  the  enormous  sales  and 
colossal  growth  of  the  E-M-F  Co.  The 
car  fulfilled  the  prophecy.  That’s  why 
you  can’t  purchase  a  second-hand  E-M-F 
“30.”  Men  don’t  sell  “automobile  satis¬ 
faction”  when  they  “know”  they  own  it. 

WE  WILL  EXPLAIN  IT  FOR  YOU. 

There  it  stands !  A  five-passenger  touring 
car,  graceful  in  body  lines,  with  that 
“straight  away  look”  which  is  a  symbol  of 
strength  and  comfort.  Not  a  fad  or  fur¬ 
below  to  cumber  it  with  useless  appendage. 
Under  the  hood  a  30-horsepower  noiseless 
motor  that  has  won  distinction  upon  race 
track  and  road.  A  motor  so  perfectly  ad¬ 
justed  in  power,  weight  and  balance  to  the 
rest  of  the  chassis  that  it  creates  an  abso¬ 
lute  unit  of  mechanical  efficiency.  To  the 
expert  engineer  the  chassis  of  an  E-M-F 
“30”  suggests  the  limit  of  scientific  con¬ 
struction  :  to  every  owner  it  has  proved  it 
— proved  it  by  enduring  service,  for  no 
E-M-F  “30”  has  ever  been  worn  out. 
The  ninth  car  built,  shipped  by  us  a  little 
over  two  years  ago  has  travelled  some  73,- 
000  miles,  which  means  nearly  15  years  of 
actual  life  crowded  into  the  thirty  months 
of  its  existence,  and  it  is  mechanically  ready 
for  73,000  miles  more.  The  life  story  of 
“Bullet,”  this  famous  car,  can  be  had  for 
the  asking.  When  you  buy  an  E-M-F  “30” 
the  confidence  you  put  into  your  purchase  is 
returned  to  you  a  hundred-fold. 

THE  INVESTMENT  OF  $1,000  in  an 

E-M-F  “30”  will  be  the  wisest  expenditure 
you  ever  made,  whether  you  own  an  auto¬ 
mobile  or  not.  The  most  you  can  get  for 
your  money  would  be  6  to  8%  interest. 
But  here  is  the  car  at  the  price  any  man 
can  afford.  And  to  own  a  car  is  the  ambi¬ 
tion  of  every  man.  The  automobile  is  a 
tremendous  factor  in  our  every-day  life. 
Aside  from  its  utility  there  is  the  pleasure 
it  freely  gives,  the  sense  of  freedom  it  im¬ 
parts.  It  brings  the  country  to  the  city,  and 
makes  every  dwelling  place  a  country  home. 
At  a  moment’s  notice  it  is  ready  to  whirl 
you  and  your  family  upon  the  sunlit,  open 
road  into  the  world  of  green  fields — the 
country’s  life-giving  “out  of  doors.”  It 
means  health  to  the  wife  and  children, 
and  binds  the  family  in  closer  ties.  It  is  a 
tonic,  nerve  builder,  it  trebles  the  value  of 
time ;  it  means  recreation,  the  banishment 
of  the  doctor  and  capacity  for  the  duties  of 
the  day — in  short,  it  is  a  necessity.  An 
E-M-F  “30”  will  meet  this  necessity  and 
excel  any  expectation  you  may  now  possess 
in  the  purchase  of  a  car. 

THE  OTHER  DAY  we  read  an  advertisement 
that  “you  can  buy  a  real  automobile  now  for 
as  low  a  proce  as  $1500.”  We  can  take  $500 
off  that  price  and  say  the  same  thing,  for 
you  can  buy  an  E-M-F  “30”  five-passenger 
Touring  Car,  standard  equipment,  which 
means  Magneto  included,  for  $1,000  and 
that’s  the  “realest”  automobile  value  you 
can  buy  anywhere. 

the  Purchase  of  Every  E-M-F  “30” 


The  Strongest  Guarantee  Ever  Placed  on  an  Automobile  Is  Given  With 


The  E-M-F  “30”  Five  Passenger  Standard  Touring  Car  $1,000.  Roadster  “30”  $1,000.  Detachable  Demi-Tonneau 
“30”  $1050.  Coupe  “30”  $1450.  Another  E.M-F  “30”  Masterpiece.  The  New  Fore-Door  Five-Passenger 
Touring  Car  with  Full  Vestibuled  Body  $1100.  Write  us  for  detailed  specifications  —  Booklet  No.  18. 

THE  E-M-F  COMPANY,  Automobile  Manufacturers,  DETROIT,  MICH 


6012 


THE  RURAL.  NEW-YORKER 


April  15, 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

TO  DAFFODILS. 

Fair  daffodils !  we  weep  to  see 
You  haste  away  so  soon ; 

As  yet  the  early-rising  sun 
Has  not  attained  his  noon  : 

Stay,  stay 

Until  the  hastening  day 
Has  run 

But  to  the  even-song ; 

And  having  prayed  together,  we 

Will  go  with  you  along. 

We  have  short  time  to  stay  as  you, 

We  have  as  short  a  Spring ; 

As  quick  a  growth  to  meet  decay, 

As  you,  or  anything : 

We  die 

As  your  hours  do ;  and  dry 
Away 

Like  to  the  Summer’s  rain, 

Or  as  the  pearls  of  morning  dew, 

Ne’er  to  be  found  again. 

— Robert  Herrick  (1591-  ) 

* 

Miss  Rose  Bird  has  just  been  elected 
State  superintendent  of  schools  in 
Wyoming.  She  has  been  a  county  school 
superintendent,  is  a  graduate  of  the 
State  University  and  is  also  a  successful 
farmer. 

* 

Two  city  women  who  were  spending 
the  Summer  at  a  mountain  cottage  pur¬ 
chased  some  of  their  supplies  at  the 
little  country  store,  says  “Good  House¬ 
keeping.”  Returning  from  a  long  tramp 
across  country  one  day,  the  vacationists 
were  seized  with  a  longing  for  something 
more  than  their  regular  simple  fare. 

“Let’s  get  some  cheese  and  some 
crackers  and  have  the  stickiest,  most  in¬ 
digestible  Welsh  rabbit  we  can  make!” 
cried  one. 


but  blue,  green  qnd  red  are  certainly 
the  favorites.  There  are  a  great  many 
blue  and  green  combinations,  and  these 
are  especially  seen  in  the  heavy  straw 
braids  used  for  made  hats.  Green  and 
lobster,  green  and  blue  and  green  and 
amethyst  are  favorite  mixtures,  also 
bronze  and  red,  or  bronze  and  green. 
While  we  see  large  hats,  for  general 
wear,  the  close  high-crowned  toques, 
especially  the  helmet  shapes,  are  lead¬ 
ing  favorites.  A  very  pretty  model  was 
a  small  toque  of  black  and  white  mixed 
straw,  with  a  large  close  bow  of  bright 
cerise  velvet  at  the  back,  held  in  place 
by  a  straw  buckle.  The  black  and  white 
straw  is  also  very  stylish  with  trimming 
of  bright  emerald  green.  A  foulard  or 
voile  of  black  and  white,  piped  with 
cerise,  coral,  emerald  or  maize,  and  a 
black  and  white  hat  trimmed  to  match 
would  make  a  very  attractive  Summer 
costume. 

* 

The  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture 
has  issued  Farmers’  Bulletin  No.  431, 
“The  Peanut,”  very  interesting  in  its 
discussion  of  this  plant,  which,  as  the 
New  York  Sun  remarks,  wears  its  small 
yellow  flowers  in  its  little  pocket.  In 
190S  the  peanut  crop  of  the  United 
States  amounted  to  $12,000,000,  and  we 
are  sure  that  apart  from  its  commercial 
value,  it  gave  at  least  $12,000,000  worth 
of  pleasure  to  the  children  of  this  coun¬ 
try,  to  say  nothing  of  their  elders.  This 
bulletin  gives  the  following  advice  about 
peanut  butter : 

By  a  little  experience  and  the  aid  of  a 
small  meat  grinder,  anyone  can  make  good 
peanut  butter  for  home  use.  The  peanuts 
may  be  roasted  before  or  after  shelling, 
but  in  either  case  the  oven  should  be  only 
moderately  hot  and  the  peas  should  be 
stirred  frequently.  After  roasting,  rub  off 


The  other  agreed  to  this ;  so  they  .  .  _  _ _ 

halted  at  the  little  store  and  roused  the  r,r'  hearts,  ‘‘'in  grind”ngUusehthe&Ifln1estSep1late 

proprietor  from  his  nap  on  a  bench  at  ^tifthe^mnk  win  be' ‘quite' ‘hard0 £ tuS 
the  door.  They  followed  his  lumbering  If  the  pulp  is  too  coarse  after  one  grinding 

footsteps  into  the  building  and  told  him  Win  not  be  necessary  to  add  anything  but 

that  they  wished  a  pound  of  cheese  and  thmn^’by'th^addilloS 

some  large  square  crackers  for  a  Welsh  of  a  little  olive  or  peanut  oil. 
rabbit. 

The  old  man  tapped  his  wrinkled  brow 
reflectively. 

“Got  the  cheese  all  right,”  he  said, 

“but  liain’t  got  no  large  square  crackers. 

Won’t  yer  rabbit  eat  the  small  ones?” 

* 

Old  English  silver  is  now  one  of  the 
artistic  luxuries  for  which  wealthy  col¬ 
lectors  pay  most  extravagant  prices,  the 
rarity  or  beauty  of  workmanship  en¬ 
hancing  the  value  far  above  the  bullion 
cost  of  modern  manufacture.  At  a  re¬ 
cent  auction  in  London  a  Commonwealth 
cup,  11^4  inches  high,  bearing  the  Lon¬ 
don  hall  mark  1655,  brought  $20,500.  The 
cup  is  engraved  with  the  arms  of  the 
Blacksmith’s  Company,  and  is  known  as  'vorn  everyone  is  interested  in  con- 
The  Blacksmith’s  Cup.  Tt  bears  the  in-  venienee  of  arranging  them.  Unfortu- 
scription  “The  gift  of  Christopher  Pym,  lately  there  is  no  way  in  which  one 

upon  his  Admission  to  the  place  of  !na.y  an  attached  guimpe  so  that 

n  „  -r,  .  •  it  is  really  easv  to  remove  and  then  put 

Clarke  of  this  Company.  1  he  stem  is  1)ack  in  ^  waist  in  a  ])urry.  The  bPes, 

a  figure  of  Vulcan  holding  a  hammer  plan  of  all  is  a  smooth  underwaist  of 
that  rests  on  an  anvil  on  which  is  en-  .  fine  lawn  to  which  the  net  or  lace 
graved  “By  Hammer  and  Hand.  All  Arts  sleeves  and  yoke  are  attached.  This  is 


The  bulletin  also  says  that  a  very  de¬ 
sirable  kind  of  peanut  candy  can  be 
made  by  simply  boiling  shelled  peanuts 
with  a  thick  syrup  consisting  of  two 
pounds  of  granulated  sugar  and  one 
large  cupful  of  water,  together  with  a 
teaspoonful  of  lemon  juice.  When  the 
syrup  begins  to  boil  add  two  pounds  of 
unroasted  shelled  peas  and  cook  slowly 
until  the  peas  are  tender  and  the  syrup 
sufficiently  hard  to  break  when  quite 
cold.  The  cooking  process  should,  as  a 
rule,  continue  for  about  an  hour,  when 
the  mixture  should  be  poured  on  a  cold 
buttered  platter  to  cool. 

* 

Guimpes  and  chemisettes  are  so  much 


doe  Stand.”  A  Charles  I  steeple  cup,  17 
inches  high,  went  for  $12,750;  a  James 
I  steeple  cup  and  cover,  with  the  Lon¬ 
don  hall  mark  1610,  brought  $8,750.  The 
last  two  are  entirely  gilt.  A  Common¬ 
wealth  porringer,  dated  1653,  2J4  inches 
high  and  4 14  inches  in  diameter,  was 
sold  at  the  rate  of  $390  an  ounce ;  a 
inches  in  diameter,  $107.50  an  ounce;  a 
Charles  I  circular  sweetmeat  dish  6J4 


especially  desirable  with  the  present 
mandarin  or  kimono  waist,  which  must 
have  the  air  of  fitting  loosely,  even 
when  it  is  snug,  and  if  undersleeves  are 
attached  to  it,  they  rarely  fit  well.  The 
separate  guimpe  can  be  laundered  with 
freedom,  whereas  when  attached  to  the 
bodice  there  is  always  the  risk  that  it 
will  shrink  when  removed  for  washing, 
and  refuse  to  go  in  smoothly  afterwards. 
Sometimes  a  separate  guimpe  is  fastened 
in  with  ball  and  socket  snaps.  At  pres- 


I 

T  t  i  I,  ,,  ent  there  is  a  fancy  for  plain  net  with- 

James  I  bell  salt-cellar,  gilt,  -UCLaO  an  out  tucking  for  guimpes,  preferably  the 

ounce,  and  a  Charles  I  chalice  and  paten,  square-meshed  filet  net,  or  for  filet  lace, 
1638,  brought  the  same  price.  Silver  and  which  is  expensive  in  real  lace,  but  pretty 

silver  plate  is  now  such  a  common  pos-  jul<^  niocle!.'ale  Pr‘ced  in  imitations.  Filet 
.  ,  ,  ,  laces  and  insertions  are  very  fashionable 

session,  even  among  people  of  moderate  as  trimming  for  lingerie  gowns.  Some 

means,  that  it  is  interesting  to  note  the  of  the  handsomest  are  made  of  cotton 
value  of  the  artistic  handicraft  of  older  marquisette,  which  costs  about  80  cents 

times,  when  the  factory-made  article  was  a  J,ai<^’  4-  inches  wide;  this  is  also 
,  used,  for  lingerie  waists.  Some  very 

unknown.  fashionable  white  lingerie  gowns  have 

a  four-inch  hem  of  black,  either  satin 
Both  hats  and  their  trimmings  this  or  transparent  voile  or  marquisette,  at 
Spring  show  some  astonishingly  vivid  the  f°°t  of  the  skirt;  one  noted  was 

colors,  coral,  lobster,  shrimp,  cerise  and  ot  ,  .w^e  J]ia'51u’s^tte’  embroidered 
.....  ,  and  inset  with  filet  lace,  with  hem  of 

other  vivid  pinks  and  reds,  king  s  blue,  black  marquisette,  over  a  pale  pink  silk 

emerald  green  and  a  variety  of  purples,  slip. 


Doughnuts  and  Crullers. 

Doughnuts  as  made  by  our  grand¬ 
mothers  consisted  in  adding  sugar,  but¬ 
ter,  eggs  and  flavoring  to  bread  dough 
already  light  for  moulding  into  loaves, 
and  then  let  rise  as  usual,  as  one  large 
loaf ;  turn  on  the  moulding  board  and 
slice  with  a  wet  knife,  cut  into  pieces 
and  drop  into  hot  lard.  Some  direc¬ 
tions  allow  the  light  dough  to  be  mould¬ 
ed  just  enough  to  spread  it  out  and  cut 
into  cakes,  then  let  the  cakes  rise  for 
half  an  hour;  but  cutting  with  the  wet 
knife  avoids  filling  the  kitchen  table  with 
cakes  while  rising.  The  following  pro¬ 
portion  of  light  dough  to  sugar,  etc., 
might  please  some:  To  three  pints  of 
light  bread  dough  add  one  cup  of  white 
sugar,  one  half  cup  soft  butter,  two  beaten 
eggs  and  eight  gratings  of  nutmeg,  using 
a  table  fork,  then  mould  as  bread,  using 
flour  until  the  dough  is  elastic,  and  let 
rise. 

But  why  bother  with  bread  dough, 
which  never  has  and  never  will  taste  as 
good  as  the  latter-day  crullers,  yet  later 
called  fried  cakes?  The  recipes  given  in 
response  to  an  inquiry  on  page  326  are 
undoubtedly  good,  but  somewhat  dif¬ 
ferent  from  those  in  general  use.  The 
following  have  always  given  good  re¬ 
sults,  the  potatoes  being  an  up-to-date 
addition,  and  while  an  improvement  are 
not  necessary  when  not  convenient :  Beat 
together  a  teacupful  of  hot  finely  mashed 
potatoes,  two  level  tablespoon fuls  of  blit¬ 
ter,  two  level  teaspoonfuls  of  salt,  six 
gratings  of  nutmeg,  two  small  eggs,  and 
one-half  cup  of  sweet  milk,  after  beat¬ 
ing  the  eggs  in  to  make  a  light  smooth 
batter.  With  the  flour  scoop  take  up  a 
little  flour,  add  four  level  teaspoonfuls 
of  baking  powder,  turn  into  the  flour- 
sifter  while  holding  it  over  the  batter, 
sift  and  mix  thoroughly,  add  flour  to 
roll  one-half  inch!  thick,  cut  with  a 
medium  cookie  cutter  with  a  hole  in  the 
middle,  or  work  jn  a  hole,  or  make  finger 
rolls  and  rings,  or  twists,  and  fry. 

In  frying  in  deep  fat,  lard  or  olive 
oil,  use  a  shallow  kettle,  and  when  the 
fat  becomes  still,  after  boiling,  and  a 
fine  blue  haze  begins  to  arise,  drop  five 
cakes  in — more  will  cool  the  fat  too 
much — rock  the  kettle  until  a  crust  is 
formed  so  they  will  not  stick  together. 
When  browned  on  one  side  turn  over, 
and  when  done  lay  on  brown  paper  to 
cool,  using  a  kitchen  fork.  Fried  cakes 
need  constant  attention,  and  the  fat  must 
never  show  the  blue  haze  with  cakes 
in  the  kettle,  or  smoke,  that  means  too 
hot  fat.  Always  try  a  tester,  a  little 
walnut  of  dough,  and  if  it  flats  out,  is 
coarse  grained  and  greasy,  add  flour  un¬ 
til  this  condition  is  overcome.  The  pres¬ 
ent  writer  once  turned  such  dough  that 
could  not  be  remedied  into  a  very  good 
batch  of  cookies.  A  tester  of  cookie 
dough  that  proves  a  failure  in  rising  up 
hard,  might  be  just  right  for  fried  cakes. 
But  accidents  seldom  happen  with  well- 
tried  recipes  for  fried  cakes,  or  call  them 
crullers,  if  you  please. 

MF.PORA  CORBETT. 

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A  good  oil  lamp 
needs  a  good  chim¬ 
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needs  it  more. 

Both  need  a 
Macbeth  “Pearl 
Glass  ’  ’  lamp-chim¬ 
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Send  for  my  free  Index  and  find  out  what  chim¬ 
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178  East  Lake  Street  42  South  Eighth  Street 

New  York:  19  West  30th  Street 


Electric  Lights  make  the  brightest,  safest, 
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operate.  Give  you  better  lights  than  most  city 
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DAYTON  ELECTRICAL  MFG.  CO. 
231  St.  Clair  Street  Dayton,  Ohio 


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UNITED  MILLS  MFB.  CO. 
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CIDEll  and  WINE 


No  complicated  mechanism — 
big  capacities.  Requires  only 
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Also,  HAND  PRESSES, 

GRINDERS,  MILLS. 

Write  to-day  for  free  catalogue. 

THE  •>.  J.  EMENV  CO.,  FULTON,  N.  Y. 


CIDER  PRESSES 

The  Original  Mt.  Gilead  Hydraulic  Press 

produces  more  cider  from  less 
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RIG  MONEY  MAKER.  Sizes 
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cider  evaporators,  apple- 
butter  cookers,  vinegar 
generators,  etc. 

CATALOGUE  FREE. 

THE  HYDRAULIC  PRESS  MFG.  CO.J 

137  Lincoln  Ave.,  Mt.  Gilead,  Ohio,  * _ 

Or  Room  119  L  39  Cortlandt  Street.  New  York,  N.  Y. 


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Is-  Syracuse  “  EASY  ”  Vacuum  Cleaner,  hand  or  electric,  most  satisfactory 
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DODGE  &  ZU1LL,  224  N  Dillaye  Bldg.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


IN  EACH  TOWN 

and  district  to 
ride  and  ex. 
Our  agentsevery* 

to 


WAHTED-RIDER  AGEHTS 

hibit  a  sample  1911  Model  “Ranker”  bicycle  furnished  by  us.  O _ 0 _ 

W  A  ^ T^ea{  once  for  full  particulars  and  special  offer. 

.NO  iilUNLY  REQUIRED  until  you  receive  andapprove  of  your  bicycle.  We  ship 
anyone,  anywhere  in  the  U.S.TOrVAoTrr  a  cent  deposit  in  advance,  prepay  freight,  and 
allow  TEN  DAYS  FREE  TRIAL  during  which  time  you  may  ride  the  bicycleand  put 
it  to  any  test  you  wish.  If  you  are  then  not  perfectly  satisfied  or  do  not  wish  to  keep  the 
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I  QW  FACTORY  PRIPFQ  we  furnish  the  highest  grade  bicycles  It  Is  possible  to  make 
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SECOND  HAND  BICYCLES — a  limited  number  taken  in  trade  by  our  Chicago  retail  stores  will 
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1911. 


More  About  Fudge. 

Will  you  give  me  some  good  recipes  for 
making  chocolate  fudge  ? 

A  NEW  JERSEY  WOMAN. 

A  recipe  for  chocolate  fudge  was 
given  on  page  245,  issue  of  February 
25.  Some  more  fudge  recipes  follow : 

College  Fudge. — Four  ounces  of  choc¬ 
olate,  lump  of  butter  size  of  an  egg, 
t\£o  heaping  cupfuls  of  granulated 
sugar,  three-quarters  cup  of  sweet  milk; 
mix  and  boil  ten  minutes.  Take  from 
fire  and  stir  until  it  begins  to  harden. 
Add  vanilla  and  chopped  nuts.  Turn 
into  buttered  tins  and  cool. 

“Veribest”  Chocolate  Fudge.  — To 
three  cupfuls  of  coffee  sugar  add  a  half- 
pound  of  grated  chocolate  (best  quality 
and  unsweetened).  Stir  until  thoroughly 
mixed,  then  wet  with  a  half  cupful  of 
sweet  cream ;  beat  to  a  smooth  paste, 
adding  as  you  go  on  two  tablespoonfuls 
of  warmed  butter.  This  done,  put  the 
mixture  into  a  porcelain-lined  kettle, 
and  set  it  where  it  will  melt  very  slow¬ 
ly.  It  should  not  reach  the  boil  under 
two  hours.  At  the  end  of  that  time  in¬ 
crease  the  heat  and  boil  fast  for  ten 
minutes,  or  until  a  teaspoonful  “balls” 
if  you  manipulate  it.  Stir  into  the  candy 
two  tablespoonfuls  of  vanilla,  and  pour 
into  buttered  pans  with  straight  sides. 
While  still  rather  soft  mark  into 
squares. 

New  Fudge.  —  One  and  one-half 
pounds  of  granulated  sugar,  one-fourth 
pound  of  butter,  one-fourth  pound  of 
chocolate,  one  large  tumbler  of  milk, 
one  tablespoonful  of  vanilla.  Boil  the 
sugar  and  milk  together  for  ten  minutes, 
then  put  in  the  chocolate  broken  in  bits, 
boil  seven  minutes,  add  the  vanilla,  boil 
three  minutes.  Have  the  butter  creamed. 
When  the  candy  forms  a  soft  ball  in 
cold  water  draw  the  pan  aside,  whip  in 
the  creamed  butter,  beat  hard  for  a  few 
minutes,  until  the  whole  grows  thick; 
pour  quickly  into  a  well-buttered  pan. 
Do  not  add  scrapings  to  the  fudge  in 
the  pan. 

Maple  Fudge. — Crush  a  pound  of  ma¬ 
ple  sugar  fine  with  a  rolling  pin.  Pour 
upon  it  a  pint  of  hot  milk,  into  which 
you  have  put  a  pinch  of  baking  soda. 
Let  the  sugar  melt  slowly  over  the  fire, 
and  then  bring  to  a  fast  boil.  When 
the  sirup  threads  from  the  tip  of  a 
spoon  stir  in  a  tablespoonful  of  butter. 
When  it  reaches  the  boil  again  pour 
into  buttered  pans  and  cut  into  squares 
as  it  hardens. 

Nut  Fudge. — Two  cups  of  sugar,  one 
of  milk,  and  a  feood  tablespoonful  of 
butter,  put  in  a  double  boiler  and  al¬ 
lowed  to  boil  for  five  minutes,  then  take 
off  the  fire  and  beat  until  the  top  begins 
to  glaze  ever  so  slightly.  Into  the 
mixture  pour  a  cupful  of  finely  chopped 
nuts  and  half  a  teaspoonful  of  vanilla; 
stir  again  quickly  and  turn  out  to  cool. 

Chocolate  fudge  poured  over  a  thick 
layer  of  chopped  marshmallow  is  great¬ 
ly  liked,  and  makes  a  pleasant  change. 


Ferns  from  the  Woods. 

Some  of  our  wild  ferns  are  well  worth 
growing  in  pots.  If  allowed  their  modest 
demands  as  to  water,  a  clump  of  maiden¬ 
hair  or  any  other  delicate  wayside  ferns 
will  thrive  for  several  seasons  in  the 
rather  cramped  quarters  of  a  six-inch 
crock.  In  a  north  window  between 
muslin  curtains  it  will  make  a  bit  of 
delicious  green  all  Summer.  Do  not  keep 
drenched,  nor  yet  allow  it  to  become 
dried  out,  though  its  natural  sturdiness 
may  enable  it  to  thrive  without  over¬ 
much  petting.  When  new  fronds  no 
longer  push  up  and  the  old  become  rusty, 
set  the  crock  in  a  corner  out  of  doors 
and  winter  in  a  cool  cellar.  In,  Spring 
it  will  be  ready  to  put  on  fresh  beauty. 
Setting  the  crock  into  a  jardiniere  helps 
to  keep  the  roots  cool  and  damp,  and  is 
far  better  than  planting  directly  in  the 
glazed  receptacle.  Being  undrained,  this 
is  wholly  unfit  for  plant  roots,  but  when 
kept  free  from  stagnant  water,  the  jardi¬ 
niere  is  always  a  boon  to  the  house¬ 
keeper  as  well  as  to  plants  of  all  sorts, 
preventing  too  rapid  evaporation  and  so 
lessening  the  damage  done  when — as  will 
sometimes  happen — water  is  forgotten. 

AUGUSTA  ROSE. 


Chopped  Horseradish.  —  Instead  of 
grating  horseradish  cut  in  long  strips 
and  run  through  your  food  chopper.  The 
work  can  be  done  in  one-fifth  the  time, 
and.  the  torture  of  smarting  eyes  is 
avoided.  mrs.  j.  c.  c. 

Pennsylvania. 


THE  RURAL  NKW-YOKKER 


603 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  alivays  give 
number  of  pattern  and  measurements  de¬ 
sired. 

The  first  group  includes  6957,  tucked 
blouse  or  shirtwaist,  34  to  42  bust,  3fa 
yards  of  material  27  inches  wide,  2fa 
yards  36  or  lfa  yards  44  with  fa  yard 
18  inches  wide  for  the  chemisette  for 
medium  size.  6894,  one-piece  blouse  for 
misses  and  small  women,  14,  16  and  18 
years.  llfa  yards  of  material  27  inches 
wide,  lfa  yard  36  or  44,  with  faz  yard  27 
inches  wide  for  collar  and  sleeve,  for  16 
year  size.  6941,  corset  cover  with 


straight  upper  edge,  designed  for  lace  and 
embroidery,  34  to  44  bust,  lfa  yards  of 
embroidery  15  inches  wide,  with  faz  yard 
36  inches  wide  for  peplurn,  or  lfa  yards 
of  plain  material  36  inches  wide,  fa  yard 
of  beading  for  medium  size.  6874,  boys’ 
box  plaited  dress,  1,  2  and  4  years,  Afa 
yards  of  material  27  inches  wide,  2fa 
yards  36,  2fa  yards  44  for  2  year  size. 
6896,  five-gored  skirt  for  misses  and 
small  women,  14,  16  and  18  years,  3fa 
yards  of  material  27  inches  wide,  2fa 
yards  36,  lfa  yards  44  with  Vfa  yards  20 
inches  wide,  fa  yard  27  inches  wide  to 
make  as  illustrated,  5fa  yards  27,  4  yards 
36,  3  yards  44  to  make  without  band,  for 
16  year  size;  price  of  each  10  cents. 

The  second  group  shows  6849,  tucked 
blouse  or  shirtwaist,  34  to  42  bust,  3fa 
yards  of  material  24  or  27  inches  wide, 
2fa  yards  36,  2  yards  44,  for  medium 
size.  6851,  girls’  dress,  with  round  or 
high  neck,  short  or  long  sleeves,  4  yards 
of  material  24  or  27  inches  wide,  4  yards 
36,  3  yards  44,  with  fa  yard  of  silk  for 
collar  and  cuffs,  fa  yard  18  inches  wide 
for  trimmings,  for  10  years.  6826,  double- 
breasted  coat,  34  to  44,  7  yards  of  ma¬ 


terial  27  inches  wide,  Afa  yards  44  or  52 
inches  wide,  for  medium  size.  6829, 
childs’  plaited  dress,  with  standing  or 
rolled-over  collar,  with  or  without  belt, 
3fa  yard  of  material  2  or  27  inches  wide, 
2  fa  yards  36  or  44,  with  fa  yard  27  inches 
for  belt  and  trimming,  for  4  year  size; 
sizes,  2,  4  and  G  years.  6848,  eleven- 
gored  skirt,  22  to  32  waist,  with  inverted 
plaits  or  habit  back,  9fa  yards  of  ma¬ 
terial  21,  24  or  36  inches  wide,  4fa  yards 
44  when  material  has  figure  nor  nap,  5 
yards  of  36  when  material  has  neither 
figure  nor  nap,  width  of  skirt  at  lower 
edge  3fa  yards  for  medium  size;  price 
of  each  10  cents. 


The 
Paint  That 
Stands  The  Weather 

The  trouble  with  most  paint  is  that  while  it 
looks  all  right  when  first  put  on,  it  has  no  lasting 
quality.  But  Moore’s  Paints  are  made  of  the  purest 
ingredients  according  to  a  formula  especially  invented 
to  insure  durability. 

Moore’s 

Mouse  Colors 

Moore’s  Paints  are  sold  in  sealed  cans,  ready 
to  use.  No  mixing  or  bother  necessary. 
Your  dealer  probably  has  them.  If  not,  write  to  us, 
and  we  will  give  you  the  name  of  adealer  who  has, 
MOORE’S  Paints  end  Varnishes 
For  Every  Purpose 

TVf  Muresco  is  a  wall  fiftish  now 

1TXU1C9UU  on  the  walls  of  more  than  a 
million  American  homes.  It  is  applied  over 
plaster,  wood  or  metal.  Writa  for  descrip « 
five  literature. 

BENJAMIN  MOORE  &  CO. 
Brooklyn.  N.  Y.  Carteret,  N.  J. 

Cleveland,  O.;  Toronto, Can.;  Chicago,  Ill, 


Absolutely  safe.  Makes  and  burns  Its  own 
gas.  Briiiiant  500  candle  power  light. 
Casts  no  shadow.  Costs  2  cents  per 
week.  No  smoke,  grease,  nor  odor.  Over 
200  styles.  Every  lamp  warranted.  Agents 
wanted.  Write  for  catalog. 

THE  BEST  LIGHT  CO. 

401  E.  5th  St.,  Canton,  O. 


FUMA 


tiPUBI  A  kills  Prairie  Dogs, 
m  m  m  Woodchucks,  Gophers, 

and  Grain  I nsects . 
"The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

gwuh  “  Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  "art  SSi£ 

EDWARD  R.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Tan,  N.  Y. 


It  strikes!  Home  and  hopes  gone!  When 
the  stroke  comes  you  may  be  left  to 
mourn,  but  mourning  will  be  useless. 


Mend  the  Tig 


in  your  Granite,  Tin,  Aluminum  and  Iron 
Dishes,  Kettles ,  Pans,  etc.. 


with  PECKSiJIfL  RIVETS 


"Anyone  can  do  it.  Quick  and  easy.  No] 
solder,  cement  or  bolt.  Fit  any  surface. 
Send  for  sample  box  of  25  assorted  sizes,  soc  | 
postpaid.  Regular  package  25c. 

PECK  &  CG.,  260  Main  St.,  Batavia,  N.  Y. 


BE  WISE  IN  TIME.  PROTECT  YOUR 
HOME  AND  LOVED  ONES  WITH 

THE  DODD  SYSTEM 

of  Lightning  Control 

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604 


THE  R  UR.  A.  Is  NEW-YORKEK 


April  15, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 


THAT  CELEBRATED  GUERNSEY  CASE, 
Did  Missy  Give  Nine  per  Cent  Milk  ? 

No.  I. 

Our  readers  are  somewhat  familiar 
with  the  case  of  the  Guernsey  cow. 
Missy  of  the  Glen.  Mr.  Hammond,  the 
lawyer  for  Mr.  Taylor,  owner  of  Missy, 
begins  on  page  506  an  argument  for  his 
side  of  the  case.  The  whole  thing  rests 
upon  reports  first  of  the  record  which 
it  is  claimed  Missy  made,  and  of  a  spe¬ 
cial  committee  appointed  by  tbe  Guern¬ 
sey  Cattle  Club  to  investigate  this  rec¬ 
ord.  The  report  of  this  committee  is  a 
long  one,  printed  in  the  annual  volume 
of  the  club.  We  intend  to  analyze  it,  for 
this  contest  has  developed  into  one  of 
the  most  important  questions  that  has 
come  up  in  the  history  of  cattle  testing. 
First,  we  give  the  record  which  Mr. 
Taylor  and  Mr.  Hammond  claim  for  this 
cow : 


Butter 

Butter 

Milk, 

fat, 

fat, 

Month. 

lbs. 

per  cent. 

lbs. 

Nov., 

1908 . 

1,067.46 

4.73 

50.49 

Dec., 

1908 . 

1,159.9 

4.68 

53.86 

Jan., 

1909 . 

1,190.4 

5.11 

61.14 

Feb., 

1909 . 

1,089.20 

6.17 

67.20 

Mar., 

1 909 . 

1,164.10 

5.24 

61.00 

Apr., 

1909 . 

1.177.5 

0.90 

81.25 

May, 

1 909 . 

1,331.4 

5.75 

76.56 

June, 

1 909 . 

1 ,326.6 

6.30 

83.58 

July, 

1909 . 

1,372.70 

7.15 

98.15 

Aug., 

1909 . 

1,371.7 

6.50 

89.16 

Sept., 

1909 . 

1,226.7 

7.21 

88.45 

Oct., 

1909 . 

1,151.20 

9.07 

104.41 

Nov., 

1909 . 

1,033.3 

8.71 

90.00 

Bred 

in  May,  1909. 

Any 

man  who 

has  ever 

milked 

a  cow 

will  consider  it  remarkable  that  Missy 
should  give  more  milk  in  October,  nearly 
six  months  after  being  bred,  than  she 
did  in  December,  10  months  before,  and 
with  this  great  How  of  milk  actually 
produce  over  nine  per  cent  of  fat.  We 
think  all  will  admit  that  Guernsey  breed¬ 
ers  were  justified  in  questioning  this 
'  record.  The  special  committee  was  ap¬ 
pointed  to  investigate  and  see  whether 
this  high  testing  milk  was  genuine  and 
fair. 

Samples  of  Missy’s  milk  were  tested 
on  November  26  to  30,  1909,  by  repre¬ 
sentatives  of  the  Massachusetts  and  the 
New  Hampshire  stations.  Those  tests 
were  continued  until  November  30  by  a 
Rhode  Island  inspector.  The  first  two 
experts  found  4.8857  per  cent  fat.  The 
cow  was  then  suffering  from  foot  rot, 
but  both  she  and  her  test  companion 
“were  eating  their  grain  and  giving  very 
close  to  their  normal  flow  of  milk.”  You 
will  see  how  much  lower  this  test  is  to 
the  8.71  per  cent  claimed  for  all  the 
cow’s  milk  in  November.  A  sample  of 
the  milk  claimed  to  have  been  produced 
by  this  cow  on  December  1  was  sent  to 
the  Massachusetts  Station  for  analysis. 
It  was  found  to  contain : 

Fat  .  8.98  per  cent 

Solids,  not  tat .  8.83  per  cent 

Protein  .  3.44  per  pent 

Ash  . 69  per  cent 

This  milk  was  so  abnormal  in  its  com¬ 

position  that  Prof.  Smith  said  when  re¬ 
porting  this  test : 

If  they  continue  to  get  high  tests  at  this 
farm  it  might  be  well  to  adopt  the  Ilolstein 
Friesian  plan  of  keeping  a  cow  under  con¬ 
stant  supervision  for  24  hours,  and  it  might 
be  well  to  search  the  milker  before  he  milks 
the  cow. 

Now  the  whole  point  of  this  contro¬ 
versy  is — was  that  sample  of  milk  just 
what  the  cow  gave  or  was  it  tampered 
with  in  some  way?  That  was  what  this 
special  committee  started  to  find  out. 
Leading  dairy  chemists  and  authorities 
were  consulted,  and  the  report  states 
that  this  analysis  “suggested  to  many  of 
them  that  cream  had  been  added  to  the 
milk.”  Only  two  of  these  opinions  are 
quoted  in  the  committee’s  report.  Copies 
of  the  replies  that  were  made  by  these 
experts  have  been  received.  ITere  is  the 
exact  version  of  one  of  them  beside  that 
published  by  the  committee : 

Prof.  F.  W.  Wo  11  of  the  University  of 
Wisconsin  : 

“If  the  specific  gravity  of  the  sample  has 
been  determined,  we  would  be  in  much  bet¬ 
ter  shape  to  pass  an  opinion  on  whether  or 
not  this  milk  could  be  considered  normal, 
but  from  the  composition  given,  it  seems 
certain  to  me  that  the  milk  must  have  been 
adulterated  with  cream,  provided ,  of  course, 
that  the  analysis  was  made  correctly,  which 
[  take  it  was  the  ease,  since  it  was  made 
by  an  official  of  an  experiment  station.'’ 

Quotation  by  Committee  : 

“If  the  specific  gravity  of  the  sample  had 
been  determined  we  should  be  in  much  bet¬ 
ter  shape  to  pass  an  opinion  on  whether  or 
not  this  milk  could  be  considered  normal, 
but  from  the  composition  given  it  see?ns 
certain  to  me  that  the  milk  must  hare  been 
adulterated,  which  I  take  it  was  not.  the 
case,  since  it  was  made  by  an  official  of  an 
experiment  station.” 

Then  Prof.  Woll  adds: 

“Without  knowing  anything  about  the 
conditions  under  which  this  test  was  con-  l 
ducted,  or  about  the  men  responsible  for  the 
testing  of  the  cow.  I  must  say  that  it  looks 
evident  to  me  that  there  is  something  wrong 
and  that  you  will  be  justified  in  throwing  I 


out  the  test.  It  is  very  unfortunate  if  in 
a  case  of  this  kind  all  possible  steps  were 
not  taken  to  verify  the  results  of  the  tests 
by  keeping  watch  of  the  cow  throughout 
the  monthly  test,  and  by  having  h.er  re¬ 
tested  by  another  set  of  officials.  This  may, 
of  course,  have  been  done  for  all  I  know, 

,  but  you  do  not  give  any  information  in  your 
letter  that  would  lead  one  to  suppose  that 
such  extra  precautions  were  taken  in  this 
case. 

We  cannot  understand  why  this  com¬ 
mittee  should  misquote  Prof.  Woll  and 
make  him  say  such  an  idiotic  thing  as 
this  sentence  credits  to  him.  And  why 
should  they  leave  out  the  last  part  of 
Prof.  Woll’s  letter  which  is  a  clear 
opinion  from  one  of  the  highest  dairy 
authorities  in  the  world  that  the  milk 
is  suspicious  and  reflects  suspicion  upon 
the  test?  We  should  all  go  after  the 
truth  of  this  matter,  and  not  try  to  take 
any  petty  or  technical  advantage. 

If  there  is  any  man  in  the  world  who 
should  know  what  normal  milk  is  Dr.  S. 
M.  Babcock,  of  Wisconsin,  is  the  man. 
His  opinion  regarding  this  remarkable 
fluid  is  as  follows: 

The  analyses  of  milk,  which  you  sub¬ 
mitted,  are  outside  of  any  analysis  which 
I  have  seen,  especially  where  the-  yield  of 
milk  has  been  as  high  as  in  this  case.  The 
analysis  submitted  is  somewhat  abnormal, 
in  that  protein  content  is  not  as  high  as 
would  be  expected  from  the  high  per  cent 
of  fat.  The  same  is  true  regarding  the  ash 
content.  Usually  where  such  high  per  cents 
of  fat  are  found  both  the  protein  and  ash 
are  higher  than  is  given  in  this  analysis. 
The  differences  are  exactly  such  as  would 
be  found  if  cream  had  been  added  to  the 
milk,  and  unless  the  supervision  of  this 
test  was  beyond  question,  1  should  suspect 
that  cream  had  been  added  in  this  case. 

Prof.  J.  L.  Hills,  of  Vermont,  another 
high  authority,  said  among  other  things: 

If  I  were  shown  an  analysis  of  this  char¬ 
acter,  quite  apart  from  any  explanation,  and 
asked  what  it  seemed  to  me  to  be,  I  should 
say  it  seemed  to  me  like  an  analysis  of 
milk  carrying  an  undue  amount  of  cream, 
cither  an  incorrect  sample  or  a  sample  to 
which  had  been  added  some,  extraneous 
cream.  The  most  I  can  say  about  this  case 
is  that  if  it  is  correct,  it  is  the  most  extra¬ 
ordinary  case  I  have  ever  met.  It  seems  to 
me  that  it  behooves  the  club  to  be  extreme¬ 
ly  careful  and  to  be  extremely  certain  of 
the  facts  before  they  put  them  out. 

Next  week  we  shall  go  on  and  give 
other  testimony  from  prominent  authori¬ 
ties,  and  then  take  up  other  features  of 
this  report.  _ 

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Who  Told  You, 

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Jersey  Reds  fatten  easily  &  quickly. 

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&  prolific.  Meat  unsurpassed.  Have 
some  choice  oiTeriiiRS  now.  Write 
for  catalog  and  prices.  Arthur  J» 


Beyond  question,  the  most 
valuable  assistant  the  farmer  and 
sheepman  can  have  in  his  fight 
against  sheep  scab,  foot  rot  and 
sheep  ticks  is 

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and  Disinfectant 

This  meets  the  Government  standard  for 
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diseases,  and  parasitic  skin  troubles  in 
animals  yield  to  Dr.  Hess  Dip  and  Disin¬ 
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gallons  of  solution.  To  use  it  is  to  have 
healthy  farm  stock.  Write  for  Dip  booklet. 

DR.  HESS  &  CLARK,  Ashland,  Ohio 


SCAB— Cured 
CHOLERA— Prevented 

BY  THE  USE  OF 

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SHEEP  AND  HOG 

DIP 

Kills  ticks,  lice,  etc. 

Cures  mange,  scurvy 

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ohseis 


ERCHERON 

STALLIONS  and  MARES 

Imported  and  home-bred.  The  best  lot  ever 
shown  in  this  country.  Quality,  price,  guarantee  right. 
For  30  years  an  importer  and  breeder  of  prize  winners. 

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170  South  Street,  Auburn,  N.  V. 


TIIE  PERCII E  RON  SOCIETY  OF 

AMERICA 

Has  338  new  members  since  December  1st,  1910, 
exclusive  of  the  137  new  members  added  by 
taking  over  the  Pereheron  Registry  Company, 
Columbus,  Ohio.  More  than  3500  stockholders 
March  15th,  1911.  The  only  recognized  Pereheron 
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work  and  raise  more  valuable  colts  than  grade 
mares.  For  information  address  W  A  Y  N  E 
DINS  MORE,  Secretary,  Union  Stock  Yards, 
Chicago,  Ill. 


Highland  View  Stock  Farm. 

Thirty-five  purebred  registered  Pereheron  Stallions 
and  Mares  for  sale.  Stallions  from  #300  up,  mares 
from  $400  up.  Address  all  correspondence  to 

O.  N.  WILSON,  Kittanning,  Pa. 


Ofl  Pereheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
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O  G  S 


pm  I  If  DM  DO— From  imported  stock.  Females 

uULLIL  rUlOcheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 


DUROC  PIGS, $8.  White  Duff  Rocks  and  Leghorn 
eggs,  $3.  Serene  Wicks,  DeGraff,  Ohio. 

rfiD  0  A  I  p— IMPROVED  ENGLISH  YORKSHIRE  SWINE. 

lUn  OnLL  Young  bred  sows  and  young  boars 
ready  for  service,  also  young  pigs.  Address 

C.  H.  FARNHAM,  Brocton,  New  York. 

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Am  now  booking  orders  for  0  week  old  Pigs,  Regis¬ 
tered,  at  $15. 00  per  pair.  If  you  are  looking  for  the 
genuine  Bacon  Hog,  try  a  pair  this  spring.  Address 

HILLHUBST  FARM,  Orchard  Park,  N.  Y. 

CHELDON  FARM  registered  Duroes.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
0  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BAKNKS,  Oxford,  N.  Y. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


Jersey  Bulls  For  Spring  Service 

From  Son  of  “The  Imported  Jap.”  Dams  are 
Flying  Fox,  Financial  King,  Stoke  Pogis,  and 
Combination  Blood.  Also  Fertile  Eggs  from 
Young’s  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns,  Wrights  W.  Wyan- 
dottes,  and  Tuttle’s  R.  and  S.  O.  R.  I.  Reds,  $1.00 
per  15,  $5.00  per  100.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

SHKLDONCROFT,  Silver  Lake,  Pa. 
Chas.  B.  Dayton, Supt. 


LAUREL  FARM  JERSEYS 

breed  regularly,  and  their  calves  live.  Fern’s  Jubi¬ 
lee  still  heads  the  herd.  What  do  you  want? 

Will  also  sell  full  blooded  Morgan  filly,  coming 
2  and  a  beauty,  at  $100. 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 


Breed  Up— Not  DownToT,o.“"'i*SS’,S 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  R.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Plirplra  Qtnplf  Farm- Registered  Jersey  Bulls 
LUIcna  OlUbn  rallll  and  Heifers, 0  monthsto  2 
years  old.  Chester  White,  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  Pups  and  a  variety 
Of  poultry.  Send  two-cent  stamp  for  circular. 

EDWARD  WALTER,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN  ASS’N  OF  AMERICA 
F.L.  HOUGHTON. SEC’ Y. BOX  1 05.  BRATTLEBORO.VT. 


Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford,  Comm  offer  the  fob 

i- .  — - lowing  Gilt  Edge  Stock  for 

sale.  One  magnificent  Yearling  Guernsey  Bull  (reg¬ 
istered);  one  full  blooded  Jersey  Bull  (registered). 
Dams  of  both  extra  heavy  producers.  Jersey 
Sire,  Hood  Farm  Pogis;  Guernsey  sire.  Fantim’s 
Zac  Taylor  (imported).  One  registered  Berkshire 
Boar  5  mos.  old,  perfect  form  and  breeding  cannot 
be  beat.  One  Chester  White  Boar  9  mos.  old,  pure 
bred,  quick  and  sure,  an  exceptional  animal,  price 
right.  12  Single  and  Double  Comb  R.  I.  Red  Cock¬ 
erels  $3.00  each  (Tuttle  Strain).  Bred  for  utility  as 
well  as  beauty.  Full  blooded  Imporial  Pekin  Duck 
Eggs  for  hatching  $1.00  per  13— $0.00  per  hundred. 
Full  blooded  S.  and  D.  C.  R.  I.  Red  Eggs  for  hatch¬ 
ing.  Guaranteed  100$  fertility  from  our  Utility  Pens. 
$1.00  per  16 — $4.00  per  hundred.  The  above  stock  is 
guaranteed  to  be  pure  bred  and  the  price  is  right. 


HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somerville,  N.  J. 


ALLAMUCHY  FARM  HOLSTEINS 

We  offer  well  bred  bull  calves  out  of  A.  R.  O. 
dams  at  reasonable  prices.  Send  for  list  before 
placing  your  order.  ALLAMUCHY,  N.  J. 


Robinson’s  HOLSTEINS  aie  Pioducers 

They  are  Tuberculin  Tested.  Forty  just  fresh  and 
that  will  freshen  in  the  next  two  months,  with 
milk  records  from  8,000  to  12,000  lbs.  in  the  last 
year.  V.  D.  ROBINSON,  Edmeston,  N.  Y. 


To  Avoid  Inbreeding:,  We  Will  Sell  Our 
HERD  BULL 

AMERICA  DE  KOL  BURKE, 

A  great  son  of  the  great  De  Kol  Burke.  It  will 
pay  you  to  come  and  see  him.  Write  for  pedigree. 
Several  young  calves  out  of  A.  It.O.  dams  for  sale. 

CLOY KR BALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

C,  S.  Lunt,  Owner  J.  J.  Eden,  Manager 


Milk  Prnrllirprt:  tor  Ke'v  York  City  market 
iUHiV  riuuutcio  desiring  information  how  to 

form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otsiville,  N.  Y. 


SWIWE 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


nas,  Berkshires,  C.  Whites. 

Fine,  large  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 
Pups,  Beagles  and  Poultry  .Write  for 
prices  &  circulars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Middletown  Pa. 

I  ARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD-Special  Offering 
L  of  Service  Boars.  Good  useful  Boars,  $30  to  $40. 
Fancy  Boars  for  the  breeder  and  exhibitor,  $50  and 
up.  They  should  develop  into  800-pound  boars  at 
maturity.  H.  C.  &  H.  B.  HARPENDING,  Dundee,  N.  Y. 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.^, 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Pioprietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


LARGE  BERKSHIRES 

Orders  booked  for  Spring  Pigs.  August  and 
September  pigs  from  litters  averaging  ten. 

...  Catalogue  on  application  .  .  . 

WILLOUGHBY  FARM,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 


H 

PIGS. 


omestead  Herd  ! 

DUKOC-JEUSEY  RED  SWINE,  BRED 
GILTS,  SERVICE  BOARS  AND  SPRING 
R.  W.  McALLEN,  Eannettsburg,  Pa. 


Contains  full  information  and  complete  feeding  directions  for  using 


Blatehford’s  Calf  Meal — The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute 


Three  or  four  calves  can  be  raised  on  it  at  the  cost  of  one  where  milk  is  fed. 
Uo  mill  feed  The  only  calf  meal  manufactured  in  an  exclusive  Calf  Meal  Factory 
Established  at  Leicester,  England,  in  1 8Q0*. 


Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory,  Waukegan,  Ill. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKE  R 


605 


THE  VIRGINIA  HEN  CONTEST. 

Last  week  we  gave  the  first  report 
from  those  New  Jersey  hens.  This  week 
comes  the  first  statement  from  Virginia. 
You  remember  that  we  closed  last  year 
with  a  picture  of  Queen  Lil,  a  White 
Leghorn  hen  which  laid  234  eggs  in 
about  10t/2  months.  Her  owner,  Mr. 
Jas.  E.  Walter,  Jr.,  wants  to  learn  if 
these  egg-laying  qualities  are  hereditary. 
So  he  has  started  what  he  calls  a  “'Bred- 
to-lay”  pen  of  Leghorns  which  are  de¬ 
scribed  in  his  first  report.  These  hens 
are  trap-nested  and  will  be  kepi  to¬ 
gether  for  one  year.  We  shall  know 
what  each  one  lays  and  what  the  food 
costs.  The  cockerel  with  these  laying 
birds  is  a  son  of  Queen  Lil.  As  in  the 
case  of  Mr.  Dougan,  we  invite  criticism 
and  investigation,  as  our  only  object  is 
to  get  the  facts. 

Report  No.  1. 

We  will  give  now  the  line-up  of  our  bred- 
to-lay  pen  consisting  of  one  cockerel,  two 
hens!  six  pullets  Queen  Lil,  three  years  old, 
record  234  eggs,  10  months,  13  days.  Queen 
Bess,  three  years  old,  record  212  eggs,  one 
year;  six  pullets,  Nos.  374,  375,  370,  379, 
*382,  384,  hatched  in  May  and  June.  Cock¬ 
erel  Prince  Edward  1st,  son  of  Queen  Lil. 
This  pen  is  in  a  colony  house  0x8  feet  with 
a  yard  8x25  feet.  They  are  given  their  lib¬ 
erty  every  third  day.  Corn,  wheat,  mash 
and  cabbage  is  kept  before  them  in  hoppers. 
The  corn  and  wheat  hoppers  are  closed 
about  9  a.  m.  and  opened  again  about  4 
p.  m.  Table  scraps  and  tested-out  eggs  are 
fed  every  other  day.  As  a  beginning  we  re¬ 
port  for  the  month  ending  March  7  eggs  laid 
as  follows:  Queen  Lii  15;  Queen  Bess  18; 
No.  374,  8;  No.  375,  12;  No.  370,  14;  No. 
379,  15;  No.  382,  12;  No.  384,  11. 

Total  for  the  month,  105  eggs.  This  is 
not  a  good  record  and  it  is  only  fair  to  say 
that  more  eggs  were  laid,  but  the  trap-nests 
were  in  poor  condition  and  the  hens  got  out 
several  times  and  no  account  was  taken  of 
these  eggs,  as  we  did  not  expect  to  keep  an 
exact  record  of  the  pen.  Now,  however, 
an  exact  record  of  eggs  and  feed  will  be 
kept.  We  have  after  three  years’  study  and 
experimenting  perfected  what  we  consider  a 
perfect  trap-nest.  Suppose  we  call  it  the 
Rural  trap-nest.  The  nests  made  by  me 
look  truly  rural,  but  nevertheless  they  de¬ 
liver  the  goods  and  that  is  what  counts.  Of 
the  105  eggs  laid  we  had  on  hand  and  set¬ 
ting  on  March  7  about  60  eggs,  so  at  pres¬ 
ent  the  average  would  stand  about  as  fol¬ 


lows  : 

DR. 

To  1  colony  house,  0x8  feet . $10.00 

To  58  feet  poultry  netting  at  2  cents.  1.16 
To  1  month's  food  for  9  head  fowls 

at  12  cents .  1.08 

$12.24 

Clt. 

By  60  eggs  on  hand  and  setting.  .  .00 

By  3%  dozen  eggs  sold  at  23c.  doz..  .87 


$11.37 

JAMES  E.  WALTEU,  Jli. 


TESTING  A  HOLSTEIN  COW. 

1  have  a  big  Holstein  cow  eight  years 
old,  and  I  wish  to  test  her  when  she  fresh¬ 
ens.  1  also  wish  to  force  her  as  much  as 
1  dare  for  a  short  time  test. 

Milford,  Mass.  f.  a.  w. 

If  I  were  planning  to  test  a  cow,  either 
for  milk  production  or  for  butter  fat,  1 
would  like  to  prepare  her  considerably 
in  advance  of  the  actual  time  when  she 
was  to  undergo  the  test.  In  order  to  do 
her  best,  she  should  have  plenty  of  time 
to  rest  and  thoroughly  recuperate  before 
freshening.  Colantha  Fourth’s  Johanna 
was,  I  believe,  dry  for  more  than  a  year 
before  she  made  her  famous  record. 
During  the  resting  period  plenty  of 
nourishing  food  should  be  given.  In  the 
Summer  months  it  is  hard  to  beat  pas¬ 
ture  grass,  provided  always  that  it  is  in 
abundance,  along  with  pure  water  and 
reasonable  protection  from  flies.  At 
other  times  the  food  may  consist  of 
silage,  clover  hay,  Alfalfa,  corn  stover, 
etc.,  for  roughage,  with  a  moderate  grain 
ration  composed  of  such  feeds  as  bran, 
middlings,  ground  peas  and  oats  and  a 
pound  or  two  of  linseed  meal  daily.  At 
this  period  cotton-seed  meal  should  be 
fed  sparingly.  There  are  so  many  mixed 
feeds  and  by-products  of  grain  upon  the 
market,  some  good  and  some  undesirable, 
that  it  is  difficult  to  know  the  best  com¬ 
bination  of  foods  to  recommend  for  dif¬ 
ferent  localities.  In  preparing  a  cow  for 
test  she  should  be  allowed  to  lay  on  con¬ 
siderable  flesh,  not  forgetting  to  allow 
plenty  of  exercise,  along  with  the  abund¬ 
ance  of  feed,  in  order  that  she  may  be 
strong  and  active  at  the  time  of  parturi¬ 
tion.  Slacken  up  on  the  grain  feed  a 
few  days  before  she  is  due  to  freshen, 
and  see  that  the  bowels  are  fairly  loose. 
Feed  lightly  for  two  or  three  days  after 
calving,  or  until  the  udder  is  fairly  free 
from  inflammation,  then  gradually  in¬ 
crease  each  day  until  the  cow  is  getting 
all  the  grain  that  she  will  eat  up  clean. 
Begin  the  test  when  she  is  on  a  com¬ 
paratively  small  ration,  and  continue  it 
until  she  is  eating  all  that  she  will  con¬ 
sume.  In  this  way  your  test  will  prob¬ 
ably  run  for  about  three  weeks.  You 
may  then  select  the  best  seven  consecu¬ 


tive  days  as  your  week’s  record.  Your 
cow  should  have  all  the  roughage — of 
the  best  of  quality,  of  course — that  she 
will  eat  up  clean,  at  least  twice  a  day. 
She  should  have  access  to  plenty  of  pure 
water  at  all  times,  and  about  an  ounce  of 
salt  should  be  given  daily.  Holstein 
breeders  feed  and  milk  their  cows  every 
six  hours  when  under  test.  Plenty  of 
succulent  food,  good  silage  or  roots,  or 
both,  if  possible,  is  essential  for  a  cow 
to  do  her  best.  If  these  are  not  to  be 
had  we  would  feed  about  three  pecks  of 
potatoes  each  day  during  the  test.  As¬ 
suming  that  your  roughage  is  Timothy 
or  mixed  hay  and  corn  stover,  a  grain 
ration  like  the  following  ought  to  give 
satisfaction.  We  are  ignoring  cost,  as  in 
a  test  the  one  object  in  view  is  to  make 
a  record  regardless  of  cost ;  One  part 
cotton-seed  meal,  one  part  linseed  meal, 
one  part  gluten  meal,  four  parts  ground 
oats,  four  parts  cornmeal.  The  nutritive 
ratio  of  this  ration  is  1 :3.3,  which  is  con¬ 
siderably  narrower  than  the  standard.  If 
fed  with  Alfalfa  or  clover  hay,  the  cot¬ 
ton-seed  meal  and  one-half  the  linseed 
may  be  dropped.  c.  s.  M. 


Live  Stock  in  Ohio. 

Tin'  Ohio  Department  of  Agriculture  gives 
the  following  report  of  live  stock  in  that 
State :  Number  of  stallions,  thoroughbred 

runners,  73 ;  trotting  stock.  816 ;  foreign 
bred  draft,  1,012 ;  American  bred  draft, 
1,214:  other  pure  breeds,  234;  unknown 
breeding,  830;  purebred  bulls  (all  breeds), 
7,791;;  purebred  boars  (all  breeds),  12,540; 
purebred  rams  (all  breeds),  17,430.  Pel' 
cent  of  different  breeds  of  cattle.  Short¬ 
horns,  16.82;  Aberdeen-  Angus,  1.93;  Ilere- 
fords,  2.46;  Polled  Durlianis,  2.33;  Gallo¬ 
ways.  0.43  ;  Jerseys,  15  ;  Ilolsteins,  6.36  ; 
Red  Polls,  1.73;  Guernseys,  0.86;  Ayrshires, 
0.18;  Devons,  0.31;  Brown  Swiss,  0.07; 
other  pure  breeds,  0.81 ;  grades,  37.15  ;  na¬ 
tives,  13.56.  Per  cent,  of  different  breeds 
of  swine:  Berkshires,  10.13;  Poland  Chinas, 
29.03;  Chester  Whites,  17.37;  Duroc  Jer¬ 
seys,  17.58;  Yorkshires,  0.84;  Hampshires, 
0.33 ;  Tamworths,  0.23 ;  unknown,  24.49. 
Per  cent,  of  different  breeds  of  sheep : 
Merinos,  17.34 ;  French  Merinos,  2.61  ; 
Cotswolds,  3.38;  Oxford  Downs,  2.18; 
Shropshire  Downs,  14.71  ;  Hampshire 
Downs,  0.85;  South  Downs,  4.86;  Lincolns, 
0.63;  Dorsets.  0.50;  Cheviots,  0.07;  mixed 
bloods,  24.37  ;  grades,  28.50.  The  above 
report  is  comoiled  from  returns  received 
from  935  rural  townships  of  the  State. 


Lame  Pigs. 

I  would  like  to  give  some  advice  to  C.  S. 
M..  on  page  412  ,as  I  had  some  pigs  just 
the  same  as  his.  I  killed  them  to  find  out 
the  cause,  and  here  it  is:  Kidneys  three 
times  larger  than  they  ought  to  be,  heavy 
and  yellow.  They  went  into  soap  grease; 
that  is  all  they  are  lit  for.  I  would  advise 
C.  S.  M.  to  get  rid  of  his  as  soon  as  pos¬ 
sible  and  save  feed,  money  and  time.  it. 


A  Good  Judge  of  Cows 

is  likely  to  be  a  good  judge  of  a  cream  separator.  The 
same  quality  of  brains  that  enables  a  man  to  breed  high- 
class  dairy  cattle,  leads  him  to  buy  the  best  cream  separator. 

It  is  worth  noting  that  the  man  who  produced  the 
World’s  Record  Holstein  cow 


COLANTHA  4TH’S  JOHANNA, 

lias  a  United  States  Cream  Separator.  This  man  is 
W.  J.  Gillette,  of  Rosendale,  Wis. 

And  do  you  know  that 

JACOBA  IRENE, 

the  great  record-breaking  Jersey  cow,  is  owned  by 
A.  O.  Auten,  of  Jerseyville,  Ill.,  who  uses  the  United 
States  Separator  on  his  farm  ? 

Also  the  owners  of  the  wonderful  $10,000  Guernsey  cow 

YEKSA  SUNBEAM, 

the  Reitbrock  estate,  of  Helendale  Farms,  at  Athens, 
Wis.,  use  four  United  States  Separators  on  their  farm. 

TWILIGHT  LONAN. 

Chas.  L.  Hill,  of  Rosendale,  Wis.,  owner  of  the 
celebrated  Guernsey  cow  Twilight  Lonan,  uses  a  United 
States  Cream  Separator  on  his  farm. 

LORETTA  D. 

F.  IT.  Scribner,  of  Rosendale,  Wis.,  who  developed 
the  celebrated  Jersey  cow  Loretta  D.,  and  who  is  one  of 
the  great  Jersey  breeders  of  the  country,  uses  a  United 
States  Cream  Separator. 


If  the  United  States  Separator  is  the  separator  for 
these  business  men  and  thousands  of  others,  leaders  of  the 
dairy  world,  why  not  for  you?  These  experts — men  who 
know,  and  do — require  the  use  of  a  separator  which  skims 
closest,  washes  easiest,  runs  easiest,  and  wears  longest. 

This  is  the  reason  they  all  choose  the  United  States 
Separator. 

The  United  States  Separator  holds  World’s  Record, 
therefore  is  the  World’s  Standard  Separator. 

Vermont  Farm  Machine  Co.,  Bellows  Falls,  Vermont. 

Distributing  Warehouses  in  all  Dairy  Sections. 


OSGOOD 


Pitless 


Steel 

Frame 


Indispensable  on  every  farm; 
saves  the  time  and  mouey  you 
would  spend  on  a  public  scale, and 
urea  perfect  .accuracy  al¬ 
ways.  Good  for  a  life— 
f^^tlrae.  Send  for  catalogue. 
Oosood  Scale  Co., 

Box  157,  Binghamton.  N.  Y. 


THE  BOSS  CREAM  RAISER 

will  raise  the  cream 
between  milkings  and 
give  you  sweet  skim 
milk  for  bouse  and 
stock.  Ice  not  necessa¬ 
ry, cold  well  or  spring 
water  will  do  the 
work.  No  skimming, 
no  crocks  and  pans  to 
handle.  TEN  DAYS 
FREE  TRIAL.  Price 
$3.25  and  up.  50.000 
of  these  machines  in  use  today.  Send  for  Free  Catalog. 
BLUFFTON  CREAM  SEPARATOR  CO.  BOX  M  BLUFFTCN,  0. 


Dividend  Paying  Cows 

Mi  Aiax  Flakes 

Because:  Ajax  Flakes  is  an  Unequalled  Milk  Producer 

THREE  AJAX  RECORDS: 

Wera  Belle  Weiftview — Winner  of  the  January,  1911,  Hoard’s 
Prize,  Wisconsin  Competition;  2,014  lbs.  milk,  72  lbs  fat. 

Dollie  Dimple — Year  Record:  18,458  lbs.  milk,  906  lbs.  fat. 

Daisy  Cornucopia  Pauline — No.  91,712;  a  wonderful  thirty-day 
record  :  2,420  lbs.  milk,  126  lbs.  butter. 

You  can  deceive  yourself  by  buying  inferior  feeds,  but  you  can¬ 
not  fool  a  cow.  She  will  not  give  you  the  maximum  quantity  of 
high  quality  milk  unless  she  has  the  best  feed.  Ajax  Flakes  lead 
them  all — 30%  to  33%  Protein,  12%  to  14%  fat,  about  24%  digestible 
protein. 

NOW  IS  THE  HEAVY  FEEDING  SEASON 

Order  AJAX  FLAKES  immediately  of  your  nearest  dealer. 

If  he  happens  to  be  out  of  “AJAX”  refuse  all  “just  as  good”  im¬ 
itations  and  write  us  at  once  how  to  obtain  any  amount,  from  one 
bag  to  one  carload,  direct  from  us.  “AJAX”  is  twice  as  strong  as 
bran — only  costs  $3.00  more. 


125  Lbs. 

TRADE  MARK 


Registered 


ILS-PAXOFF. 


GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS 
Protein  30-  33% 

Fat  .  11% 

Carbohydrates  30-40% 
Fibre  12-14% 


Ohio  and  Western  Dairymen  write: 

Chapin  &  Co.,  Dept.  9,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 


Eastern  Dairymen  write: 

Chapin  &  Co.,  Dept.  9,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


606 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


April  15, 


MR.  TAYLOR'S  SIDE  OF  THE  GUERNSEY 
COW  CASE. 

Part  I. 

There  has  been  brought  to  my  atten¬ 
tion  a  letter  which  was  published  in 
your  edition  of  February  25,  signed 
“Fred  B.  Rice,  Massachusetts,”  and  en¬ 
titled  “Let  the  Cows  Prove  It,”  which, 
in  the  interests  of  justice,  should  be 
answered. 

The  secretary  of  the  American  Guern¬ 
sey  Cattle  Club,  about  April  28,  1910, 
wrote  to  various  experts,  giving  an  an¬ 
alysis  made  by  a  chemist  of  the  Massa¬ 
chusetts  Station  from  a  sample  taken 
from  one  day’s  milking.  The  secretary's 
letter  appears  to  state  that  the  sample 
was  taken  from  the  milk  of  the  entire 
month.  The  experts  were  requested  to 
comment  on  the  analysis,  and  were  asked, 
“Do  you  consider  that  this  milk  is  out¬ 
side  the  limit  of  variation  which  might 
be  expected  in  cases  where  cows  are 
forced  to  high  production  when  so  close 
to  calving?”  The  secretary  failed  to 
state  that  he  was  present  when  the  high 
test  was  made.  For  some  reason  the 
chemist  neglected  to  take  a  specific  grav¬ 
ity  test,  perhaps  the  most  important  step 
in  connection  with  the  analysis,  and  Mr. 
Rice  accordingly  omits  this  sentence 
from  Prof.  Woll's  letter: 

“If  the  specific  gravity  of  the  sample  had 
been  determined,  we  would  be  in  much  bet¬ 
ter  shape  to  pass  an  opinion  on  whether  or 
not  this  milk  could  be  considered  nor¬ 
mal  *  * 

And  also  he  omitted  the  following  sig¬ 
nificant  sentence  from  Prof.  Eckle’s  let¬ 
ter  : 

If  the  cow  was  pushed  to  the  limit  it 
would  be  x-easonable  to  expect  more  fluc¬ 
tuation  in  the  composition  of  her  milk 
than  would  be  the  case  if  she  was  fed 
moderately,  and  it  might  be  possible  under 
strain  of  abnormal  condition  for  the  milk 
to  be  produced  at  one  milking. 

Missy  was  of  course  pushed  to  the 
limit,  and  in  addition  was  just  recover¬ 
ing  from  a  severe  attack  of  hoof  rot  and 
a  high  fever ;  the  conditions  were  cer¬ 
tainly  “abnormal.”  Mr.  Rice  omits  quo¬ 
tations  from  the  letters  of  other  experts 
who  were  consulted.  Prof.  Rasmussen 
of  the  New  Hampshire  Station,  in  his 
letter,  quoted  from  Jansen’s  “Milk  Hy¬ 
giene”  the  record  of  a  cow  which  he 
states  shows  as  unusual  a  variation  as 
Missy’s : 

The  per  cent  of  fat  in  the  milk  of  a  cow 
during  the  lactation  period  increased  from 
3.033  per  cent  to  8.30  per  cent,  a  difference 
of  5.20  per  cent.  The  solids  not  fat  in¬ 
creased  only  from  8.14  per  cent  to  9  per 
cent. 

The  letter  concludes  as  follows : 

It  is  another  step  in  advance,  bringing 
forth  new  evidences  of  the  great  variation 
and  the  great  individuality  in  dairy  cows, 
and  establishing  a  new  record  with  refer¬ 
ence  to  per  cent  of  fat  in  cow's  milk.  I 
congratulate  the  Guernsey  Cattle  Club  on 
finding  another  such  remarkable  cow. 

Prof.  Rasmussen  was  one  of  the  check 
testers  at  the  end  of  November,  so  that 
his  opinion  necessarily  carries  far  more 
weight  than  that  of  experts  who  did  not 
know  the  facts. 


club,  when  the  record  was  complete,  is¬ 
sued  the  regular  certificate  and  published 
a  statement  in  part  as  follows : 

During  the  year  the  supervision  and 
testing  was  conducted  by  the  Rhode  Island 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  and  the 
inspections  were  made  by  two  different  in¬ 
spectors  ;  during  the  year  the  home  tests 
made  and  the  regular  tests,  each  month 
agree  so  closely  that  the  splendid  work  the 
cow  was  doing  was  substantiated.  *  *  * 

At  the  close  of  the  year's  work,  Mr.  L.  F. 
Herrick,  of  Worcester,  and  the  Secretary 
of  the  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club, 
were  present,  when  at  noon  the  cow  tested 
9.3  per  cent  fat.  She  was  then  giving 
10  pounds  at  a  milking,  the  total  being 
31. G  pounds  for  the  day. 

Two  breeders,  after  the  record  was 
made,  instead  of  communicating  their 
suspicions  to  the  owner  of  the  cow,  at¬ 
tacked  the  record  before  the  executive 
committee  as  physically  impossible  and 
probably  fraudulent.  Several  sessions 
were  held  by  the  executive  committee  to 
consider  the  matter,  no  charges  were 
filed  but  the  record  was  marked  as  held 
pending  investigation.  The  executive 
committee  directed  that  the  cow  be  re¬ 
entered.  Against  his  protest,  as  Missy 
was  entitled  to  a  rest,  Mr.  Taylor  or¬ 
dered  a  re-test.  During  the  first  month 
of  her  re-test,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that 
she  had  been  pushed  to  the  limit  for 
over  a  year,  the  cow  made  more  milk  and 
more  butter  fat  than  during  the  corre¬ 
sponding  month  of  the  original  test. 
When  giving  over  40  pounds  a  day,  she 
lay  down  in  a  wet  pasture,  her  udder  be¬ 
came  inflamed,  and  she  dropped  the  next 
day  to  one  pound.  Her  udder  became 
seriously  affected,  and  no  further  test 
was  possible. 

At  the  club  meeting  last  May  an  open 
attack  was  made  on  the  record.  It  was 
proposed  to  appoint  a  sub-committee  of 
the  executive  committee  to  investigate. 
Two  members  of  the  executive  commit¬ 
tee  thereupon  refused  to  serve,  stating 
in  effect  that  the  committee  had  been 
biased  against  the  records.  Mr.  Scoville, 
a  member  of  the  executive  committee  (p. 
42,  Minutes  of  Annual  Meeting)  spoke 
as  follows : 

“As  an  interested  party  I  think  I  per¬ 
haps  have  a  right  to  be  heard.  I  think 
that  it  probably  would  be  wise  to  refer 
this  matter  to  some  sort  of  a  jury  to  hear 
the  evidence.  I  have  a  feeling  that  Mr. 
Taylor  thinks  we  have  been  more  or  less 
partisan  in  this  matter,  and  that  is  more 
or  less  true,  because  until  very  recently 
only  one  side  of  this  case  has  been  actively 
presented  to  our  attention.  We  have  heard 
so  much  of  this  thing  that  I  think  I  am 
within  the  limit  of  truth  in  saying  that  no 
member  of  the  executive  committee  could 
possibly  approach  this  matter  in  a  perfectly 
fair-minded  way.” 

President  Codman  :  “I  beg  pardon?” 

Mr.  Scoville :  “I  think  that  no  member 
of  the  executive  committee  could  hear  this 
evidence  in  a  perfectly  open-minded  way.” 

President  Codman :  “I  quite  disagree 
with  you  there.” 

Mr.  Scoville:  “Well,  I  can’t.  Anyway, 
I'm  going  to  Europe  next  week  (laughter). 

I  think  that  if  Mr.  Taylor  would  select  one 
member,  and  let  his  opponents  select  an¬ 
other  member,  and  these  two  agree  on  the 
third  member,  and  the  evidence  were  pre¬ 
sented  in  a  perfectly  fair  way,  that  we 
would  arrive  at  a  decision  inside  of  a  week. 
Mr.  Hammond  complains  that  he  has  not  had 
a  chance  to  confront  his  accusers;  we 
ought  to  give  him  an  opportunity  before 
this  matter  is  disposed  of  entirely.” 

JOHN  HENRY  IIAMMOXD. 


Prof.  Michels,  in  his  letter,  stated : 

It  is  my  opinion  that  a  cow  forced  for 
either  short  or  long  periods  and  fed  under 
abnormal  conditions,  it  is  no  more  than 
reasonable  to  suppose  that  her  system  also 
is  in  an  abnormal  condition  as  the  result 
of  such  feeding  and  that  the  milk  yields 
as  well  as  the  composition  of  the  milk 
will  be  abnormal. 

Prof.  Wing  stated  in  part  as  follows : 

The  best  evidence  we  have  is  authentic 
records  of  what  has  been  actually  found, 
and  such  I  judge  you  consider  the  analysis 
quoted  to  be.  As  to  whether  this  was  ab¬ 
normal  and  caused  by  forced  feeding,  I 
think  wo  should  have  to  be  very  careful 
about  expressing  an  opinion.  I  should  not 
care  to  say  what  might  or  might  not  be 
expected  of  a  cow  in  respect  to  her  milk  or 
fat  production,  that  was  fed  to  an  extreme 
limit. 


CHR.  HANSEN’S 

DANISH  BUTTER  COLOR 


The  charge  that  cream  may  have  been 
added  to  the  milk  is  easy  to  make,  and 
fortunately  easily  disproved,  as  the  sec¬ 
retary  of  the  club  was  present  when  the 
highest  test  was  made,  as  well  as  Mr. 
Herrick,  of  Worcester,  Mass.  Mr.  Her¬ 
rick  had  stated  that  he  had  never  seen  a 
very  high  test  and  doubted  tlieir  accu¬ 
racy,  and  he  was  invited  to  supervise. 
He  testified  that  he  watched  every  detail 
and  that  the  test  was  absolutely  correct. 
The  inspector,  who  also  watched  every 
detail  and  made  the  test,  is  a  man  of  ex¬ 
cellent  reputation.  The  inspector  for 
the  preceding  months  was  at  the  Univer¬ 
sity  of  Wisconsin  in  April,  1910,  at 
the  time  Professors  Woll’s,  Eckles’  and 
Babcock’s  letters  were  written.  It  has 
been  “shown  beyond  any  reasonable 
doubt  that  the  samples  were  taken  under 
conditions  which  make  it  absolutely  im¬ 
possible  for  any  error  to  have  been 
made,”  and  “the  supervision  was  be¬ 
yond  question,”  as  required  by  Profes¬ 
sors  Eckles  and  Babcock. 

Let  me  now  state  briefly  the  contro¬ 
versy  resulting  in  the  final  establishment 
of  the  record :  The  secretary  of  the  j 


Purely  Vegetable  and  Guaranteed  under  all 
Pure  Food  Laws,  State  and  National. 

UKNNKT  TABLETS  and  CHEESE 
COLOR  TABLETS  for  Cheese 
Making  on  the  Farm 
JUNKET  TABLETS  for  dainty  milk 
desserts  and  ice  cream 
JUNKET  BRAND  BUTTERMILK 
TABLETS 

Manufactured  and  put  up  only  by 

CHR.  HANSEN’S  LABORATORY 
Box  1106,  Little  Falls,  N.Y. 


Get  Bigger  Crops 
Using  The  New 


Has  dollar  value  stamped  on  every  part.  Many  new 
construction  features  —  all  patented  —  all  tested— all 
practical.  As  a  weed  destroyer  and  soil  mulcher  The 
New  Farquhar  is  an  easy  first.  32  inch  diameter  steel 
wheels  make  draft  light  —  save  horseflesh.  Easily 
reachable  levers,  control  width  and  depth  of  shovel 
teeth,  slotted  steel  axles  permit  distance  between  wheels 
to  be  regulated.  Built  practically  of  all  steel  and  malle¬ 
able  iron  —  durability  certain,  many  other  exclusive 
features.  We’ve  put  price  low  to  make  big  sales  sure. 
Get  catalogue  quickly — write  to-day. 

A.  B.  FAUQUHAli  CO.,  Ltd.,  Box  GOO,  York,  Pa. 


Milk  Production  Increased  Qk0/ 

15  Days  After  Using  Dried  Beet  Pulp  0 


f 468.1  lkj 


Li  1 2 1 3 1 4 


56 


8 

DAYS 


10 


I2ll3|l4ll5l 


-45- 

-44- 

-43- 

-42- 

-  41  — 

-40- 

-39- 

-38- 

-37- 

-36- 

-35- 

-34- 

-33- 

-32- 

-31- 

-30- 

-29- 

-28- 

-27- 

-26- 

-25- 

-24- 

-23- 

-22- 

-21- 

-20- 

-  19  - 

-  18- 

-  17  — 
■  16  — 

-  15  — 

-  14  — 

-  13  — 

-  12  — 

-  II  — 

-  10  — 
9  — 

-  8  — 
7  — 
•  6  — 
5  — 

-4-  — 

3  — 
•2  — 
I  — 


LBS. 


Ll 1 2  13 


4 1  5 


8 

DAYS 


I0|  I 


I2|  13 1 14 


151 


43  lbs.  More  Milk  on  Dried  Beet  Pulp  Ration  than  on  Corn  Silage  Ration. 

( Test  Subject,  " Select ”  Jersey  Cow.) 

Left  hand  diagram  shows  results  of  feeding  the  cow  “Select”  on  Corn  Silage  ration  for  15  days. 
Right  hand  diagram  shows  results  of  feeding  same  cow  on  Dried  Beet  Pulp  ration  for  a  later  15  days. 


No  More  Need  for  Silage 

These  pictures  tell  the  story  of  a  test  made  by  the  New  Jersey  Agricul¬ 
tural  Experiment  Station.  Four  cows  were  selected.  Two  were  fed  on  a 
silage  ration  for  fifteen  days,  two  on  Dried  Beet  Pulp.  Then  the  first 
two  were  fed  on  Dried  Beet  Pulp  and  the  other  two  on  silage.  The  milk 
cans  show  the  results  day  by  day;  each  way — coming  and  going — Dried 
Beet  Pulp  produced  more  milk.  When  the  two  cows  that  were  fed 
Dried  Beet  Pulp  were  given  corn  silage  they  dropped  in  their  milk; 
when  the  silage  fed  cows  were  put  on  Dried  Beet  Pulp  they  immediately 
gained. 


Decreased  17%  When  Using  Silage 


f  870.8  lbs) 


.  1 1  |2l3|4|5  6|7|8  9 |l0| II  |I2|I3|I4]I5| 
DAYS- 


-45 

-44  • 
-43- 
-42- 
-4 1- 
-40 
-39' 
-38- 
-37- 
-36- 
-35 
-34- 
-33- 
-32- 
-31- 
-30 
-29 
-28 
-27- 
-26 
-25- 
-24 
-23 
-22- 
-21 
-20 
-19  — 
-  18  - 

-  17- 

-  16  • 

-  15  - 
-14- 
-13- 

-  12- 
-II- 

-  to  - 

-  9- 
-8- 

-  7  - 

-  6  - 

-  5  - 

-  4.  - 

-  3- 

-  2- 
-  I  - 


(310.9  lb  4 


LBS. 


|l  |2l3|4|5  6|7|8  9  10  II  12  13  14  I5l( 
DAYS 


60  lbs.  More  Milk  on  Dried  Beet  Pulp  Ration  than  on  Corn  Silage  Ration. 

( Test  Subject,  “ Raritan ”  Guernsey  Cow.) 

Left  hand  diagram  shows  results  of  feeding  the  cow  “Raritan”  on  Dried  Beet  Pulp  ration  for  15  days. 
Right  hand  diagram  shows  results  of  feeding  same  cow  on  Corn  Silage  ration  for  a  later  15  days. 


Look  At  The  Figures  On  The  Milk  Cana 

If  your  silage  is  running  low  do  not  fear  your  milk  production  will 
shrink — send  immediately  for  some  Dried  Beet  Pulp,  and  you  will  not 
only  stop  any  shrinkage,  but  you  will  get  more  milk. 

Dried  Beet  Pulp  is  92%  dry  matter,  while  your  silage  is  only  20%  to 
25%  dry  matter — water  is  cheap — just  add  water  to  the  Dried  Beet  Pulp 
and  see  it  grow;  it  swells  to  five  times  its  bulk  and  looks  like  sliced  beets. 
And  it  is  sliced  beets  as  far  as  your  cows  are  concerned,  because  the 
sugar  which  was  extracted  is  a  pure  carbohydrate,  and  is  of  no  more 
value  than  any  other  carbohydrate  for  milk  making.  Here  you  have  the 
equivalent  of  roots  in  an  economical  and  convenient  form.  Dried  Beet 
Pulp  is  a  cheap  feed  because  the  extra  milk  money  pays  for  it,  and  leaves 
you  a  clear  saving  of  the  other  feed  that  you  cut  out. 

If  no  dealer  is  near  you  we  will  be  glad  to  make  a  direct  shipment  on 
our  guarantee.  Use  one  sackful,  and  if  not  satisfied  report  to  us.  We 
will  return  the  entire  purchase  price  and  take  back  the  unused  sacks. 


The  Larrowe  Milling  Co.,  631  FordD,S‘i 


1911. 


THE  RURAL.  NEW-YORKER 


607 


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MARKETS 

Wholesale  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  April  7,  1911. 


BUTTER 

During  the  week  prices  declined  one 
cent,  and  then  regained  their  former  figure, 
with  a  half  cent  advance  in  some  of  the 
top  grades.  Trade  is  active. 


Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 21  @  .22 

Good  to  Choice . 18  @  .20 

Gower  Grades  . 15  @  .17 

Storage . 15  '  @  .19 

State  Dairy,  best . 19  ©  .20 

Common  to  Good . 14  @  .17 

Factory . 14  @  .15 

Packing  Slock . 11  @  .14 


Elgin  111.  butter  market  firm  at  21  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  22  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  22  cents. 

CHEESE 

Arrivals  are  very  heavy  and  the  market 
irregular.  Nearly  17.000  boxes  were  re¬ 
ceived  during  the  week. 


Full  Cream,  best.  Fall  made . 14  @  .15 

Common  to  Good . 12  @  .13 

New  Made . . . 09  ®  .10)4 

Skims . 05  @  .10 


EGGS 

Prices  have  apparently  struck  bottom. 
Receipts  continue  large,  but  trade  is  good, 
both  for  consumption  and  storage. 


White,  good  to  choice . 18  @  .21 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 17  @  .19 

Common  to  Good . 15  @  .17 

Western,  best . 17  @  .18 

Under  grades . 12  @  .15 

Duck  eggs,  dozen . 30  ©  .35 

Goose  eggs,  dozen . 00  @  .75 


BEANS 


Trade  continues  moderate,  but  the  sup¬ 
plies  are  light  and  interior  markets  reported 
firm. 


Marrow,  100  lbs.. 

Medium . 

Pea . 

Yellow  Eye . 

Red  Kidney . 

WhiteKidney. . .. 
Lima,  California 


3.10  ©  3.85 
3.00  ©  3.65 
3.110  @  3.70 
3.50  ©  3.65 
5.20  ©  5.70 
5.00  ©  5.10 
6.60  @  6.70 


HOPS 

Buying  is  practically  at  a  standstill, 
growers  refusing  to  sell  at  the  prices 
offered. 


Prime  to  Choice . 28  @  .29 

Common  to  Good . 25  @  .27 

Pacific  Coast . 21  @  .22 

German  Crop,  1910 .  A0  @  .53 


CIDER  VINEGAR 


New  York  prices  for  single  barrel  lots. 


Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 22  ©  .24 

Standard  Grade . 13  @  .15 


DRIED  FRUITS 

Offerings,  except  of  inferior  stock,  are 
very  light. 


Apples,  evap.  prime . 12  ©  13 

Evap.,  com.  to  good . 06  @  .11 

Sun  Dried . U6  @  .07)4 

Chops . 07  ©  .08 

Cores  and  Skins . 07)4©  -97)4 

Raspberries . 28  @  .30 

Cherries . 15  ©  .18 


FRESH  FRUITS 

The  apple  market  is  firm,  with  moderate 
supplies  of  tlie  better  grades.  A  good 
many  strawberries  are  opening  up  soft  and 
poor.  One  car  from  Louisiana  brought  15 
to  18  cents. 


Apples,  Russet,  bbl . 3.00  @  5.00 

Winesap .  4.00  ©  0.50 

Greening . 4.00  ©  7.00 

Baldwin .  4.00  ©  6.00 

Ben  Davis . 3.50  ©  5.00 

Spy... .  4.00  ©  0.00 

Western — 

Newtown,  box .  1.50  ©  2.50 

Spitz,  box .  1.75  @  2.50 

Rome,  box .  2.00  ©  2  25 

Black  Ben,  box .  175  @  2.25 

Gano.  box  . 2.00  ©  2.25 

Cranberries — 

Cape  Cod.  bbl . 12.00  @14.00 

Long  Island,  bbl . 14.00  @15.00 

Jersey,  bbl . 11.00  @12.00 

Strawberries.  Fla.,  qt . 12  @  .20 

Otfler  Southern . 15  ®  .18 

Oranges,  Fla.  box .  2.00  ©  3.25 

Porto  Rico .  2.50  ©  2.75 

California .  2.50  ©  3.50 

Grape  Fruit.  Fla.  box . 2.50  @  3.50 

Pineapples,  Havana.  18s .  1.50  @  2  25 

Porto  Rico,  30s  to  24s . 2.50  @  3  00 


VEGETABLES 

The  week  has  been  an  exciting  one  in  the 
potato  trade.  Prices  jumped  until  sales 
were  made  above  $2.50,  but  at  this  writ¬ 
ing  there  is  a  decided  reaction,  and  the 
market  is  weak.  String  beans  plenty  and 
poor. 


Potatoes— N.  Y.  State,  180  lbs .  1.75  @  2.00 

Maine .  2.00  ©  2.16 

Southern,  new,  No.  1,  bbl .  5.50  @  0.00 

Southern,  new,  No.  2,  bbl .  4.00  @  4.50 

Virginia,  second  crop,  bbl .  1.50  ©  2.00 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bkt .  1.00  @  2X0 

Sweet  Virginia,  bbl .  1.75  ©  2.25 

Asparagus,  Southern,  f ’ey  doz .  3.75  @4  00 

Good  to  prime .  2.00  @  3.50 

Calif.,  green,  fancy .  4. 00  ©  4.25 

Calif.,  green,  common  to  good .  2.50  @  3.50 

Beets,  new,  100  bunches .  2.50  @  4.00 

Carrots,  bbl .  1.50  @  2X0 

Southern,  new,  100  bunches .  1.50  ©  2.50 

Cabbage — Danish  seed,  ton . 12.00  @16.00 

New,  Southern,  bbl .  1.00  ©  1.50 

Celery,  doz . 50  @  1.00 

Chicory,  bbl . 3.50  @4.50 

Cucumbers.  Fla.  bu .  1.50  @  2.75 

Escarol.  J4  bbl.  bkt .  1.00  ©  2.00 

Kale,  bbl . 1.00  ©  1.25 

Kohlrabi,  Southern,  100  bunches . 2.50  @  4.00 

Lettuce,  )4-bbl.  bkt . 75  @2  75 

Peppers.  Southern,  bu . 2.00  @  3.00 

Fennel,  Southern,  bbl .  2.00  @  3.00 

Horseradish,  100  lbs .  5.00  ©  8.00 

Lima  Beans,  Fla.  bkt .  2X0  ©  4.50 

Okra.  Fla.  Carrier  .  2.00  @  3.00 

Onions,  Orange  Co.,  bag . 2.50  ©  3X0 

State  and  Western,  143  lb.  bag . 2.00  ©  3.75 

White  pickle,  bu .  1.25  ©  2.25 

Peas.  Fla.,  bu .  2.00  ©  5.00 

Radishes,  S’n.  )4  bbl.- bkt .  1.00  ©  1.50 

Rhubarb,  100  bunches . 3.00  ©  0.00 

Komaine.  Southern,  )4  bbl . 75  @  1.25 

Salsify,  100  bunches .  5X0  @  7.00 

String  Beans,  bu .  1.00  @  4.00 

Spinach,  bbl .  l.lH)  ©  1.37 

Squash,  bbl .  1.75  @  2.25 

Turnips,  Rutabaga,  bbl . 75  @  1.25 

White,  bbl .  1.00  @1.50 

Leeks,  Southern,  100  bunches . 3X0  @  6.00 

Egg  Plants,  Fla.,  box .  2.00  ©  2.50 

Parsnips,  bbl .  1.25  @  1.75 

Parsley  bbl .  3.00  ©  4.00 

Tomatoes,  Fla.  crate . 75  @1.50 


(Continued  on  page  511) 


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608 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


April  15, 


The  Henyard. 


That  Woman  Hen  Farmer. 

We  have  had  two  reports  previously  from 
the  woman  who  started  under  peculiar  con¬ 
ditions  to  try  to  make  a  flock  of  hens  sup¬ 
port  three  people.  She  now  sends  her  third 
report : 

In  February  we  ran  $6  behind,  but  put 
aside  720  eggs  for  incubation.  For  these 
we  should  have  had  to  pay  five  cents 
apiece,  so  we  did  not  do  so  very  badly. 
In  March  we  show  up  better: 

Eggs  sold  . $25.37 

Incubation  eggs  solid .  2G.70 

Fowls  sold,  30  at  18  cents  a  pound .  .  28.08 
Day-old  chicks .  13.00 

We  had  grain,  so  all  we  had  to  buy 

was  about  $G  worth.  This  makes  a  good 
showing.  For  the  30  fowls  sold  we  paid 
$1  apiece  on  December  10,  and  received 
in  February  and  March  $28.98.  Out  of 
720  eggs  we  got  370  chickens,  most  of 
them  doing  finely.  We  liked  the  letter 
from  the  $9  hen  man  and  shall  take  his 
advice  about  corn.  We  got  12  cents  for 
day-old  chicks.  Incubation  eggs  seem  to 
me  a  good  idea,  because  you  get  60  cents 
a  dozen  when  eggs  are  only  30  cents. 

Massachusetts.  E.  T. 


The  Houdan  Birds. 

See  those  eggs  iu  a  pile? 

Says  Mrs.  Iloudau  with  a  smile ; 

I  can  beat  the  other  breeds  a  mile ; 

Agaiu  does  Mrs.  Iloudan  smile. 

Good  for  W.  C.  D„  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  I 
was  glad  to  see  his  article.  Now  that  Mrs. 
Houdan  has  been  introduced,  let  us  hear 
more  of  this  valuable  bird.  The  best  bird 
is  what  we  want,  and  if  it  is  the  Houdan, 
why  hide  the  light  under  the  bushel  basket, 
or  any  other  kind  of  a  basket?  Let  us 
hear  about  the  Iloudan.  And  if  anyone 
has  anything  to  say  against  the  Houdan 
breed,  let  us  hear  that.  In  my  opinion 
there  is  no  fowl  to  equal  it.  The  breed 
will  bear  well  being  picked  to  pieces  by 
those  who  prefer  other  birds.  I  was  pleased 
to  read  W.  C.  D.’s  statement  that  his 
Houdans  took  care  of  themselves  against 
hawks  just  as  well  as  other  breeds,  for 
his  statement  is  founded  on  experience. 
Let  us  hear  from  others  who  have  had  ex¬ 
perience.  I  have  a  small  flock  myself,  and 
it  is  yet  to  be  proven  to  me  that  any 
other  breed  can  equal  the  Iloudan  as  an  all¬ 
round  bird.  Thomas. 


bran,  beef  scraps.  Alfalfa  and  linseed  meal. 
The  hens  are  Klaek  Orpington  and  White 
Leghorn,  hatched  April  15,  1910.  J.  p.  l. 

New  York. 

The  presence  of  the  blood  is  due  to  a 
hemorrhage  of  the  blood  vessels  in  the 
glands  of  the  oviduct.  The  hemorrhage  is 
the  result  of  fright,  injury,  or  forced  feed¬ 
ing.  which  overworks  the  blood  vessels 
carrying  supplies  to  the  organs  of  secretion. 
Blood  spots  are  usually  found  in  the  al¬ 
bumen,  since  the  glands  seci’eting  this  ma¬ 
terial  are  delicately  responsive  to  forced 
feeding.  If  the  fowls  are  producing  bloody 
eggs  in  numbers,  the  rich  meat  materials 
should  be  decreased  and  green  food  in- 
creased.  Exercise  should  be  encouraged 
and  disturbing  conditions  eliminated.  Oc¬ 
casionally  an  individual  hen,  through  weak¬ 
ness  or  disease,  will  produce  bloody  eggs 
regularly.  Such  a  fowl  should  be  removed 
from  the  pen  and  fed  carefully  until  her 
body  regains  its  normal  condition. 


Those  $12  Hens — On  page  381  you  ask 
for  criticism  of  Gori  &  Son’s  $12  hen  story. 
It  seems  to  me  unfair  to  give  the  hens 
credit  for  the  chickens  raised.  It  would 
seem  to  me  that  the  hens  should  be  credited 
with  the  eggs  laid,  and  if  the  hens  are 
used  to  hatch  the  chickens,  then  they  should 
be  credited  with  the  value  of  the  chickens 
at  that  time.  As  you  say,  on  this  basis 
the  hens  certainly  earned  $12.31 ;  but  isn’t 
the  basis  wrong?  On  the  same  basis  one 
could  make  an  aci’e  of  strawberries  pro¬ 
duce  an  enormous  sum  by  converting  the 
berries  into  shortcake  and  selling  the  short¬ 
cake  at  25  cents  per  portion  ;  or  the  milk 
from  a  scrub  cow  could  be  converted  into 
milk  punch  (or  shake,  if  you  prefer)  and 
thus  be  made  to  foot  up  quite  a  respectable 
total.  c.  E.  w. 

New  York. 

A  Chicken  Law. — The  North  Caro- 
Legislature  passed  a  law  which  provides: 

Sec.  2.  That  any  person  so  permitting 
his  fowls  to  run  at  large,  after  being 
notified  to  keep  them  up,  shall  be  guilty 
of  a  misdemeanor  and  upon  conviction  shall 
be  fined  not  exceeding  five  dollars  or  im¬ 
prisoned  not  exceeding  five  days ;  or  if  it 
shall  appear  to  any  justice  of  the  peace 
that  after  two  days’  notice  any  pex’son  per¬ 
sists  in  allowing  his  fowls  to  run  at  large 
and  fails  or  l'efuses  to  keep  them  up,  then 
said  justice  of  the  peace  may  order  any 
sheriff,  constable  or  other  officer  to  kill 
said  fowls,  or  said  justice  of  the  peace 
may,  in  his  discretion,  deputize  the  com¬ 
plaining  party  to  kill  fowls  when  so  depre¬ 
dating. 

This  applies  to  12  counties  and  one 
township.  The  act  covers  all  kinds  of 
poultry  which  run  on  any  cultivated  field 
or  garden. 


That  Cow-Hen  Controversy. 

[The  latest  installments  of  the  cow-hen 
battle  are  responsible  for  the  following.] 
The  hen — she  has  no  place  on  earth  ; 

The  cow — she  is  the  bird  ; 

And  all  who  question  this  should  be 
Led  out  and  massacred. 

I’ll  figure  up  with  pen  and  ink. 

Or  lead  pencil  and  pad, 

To  give  you  all  my  various  thoughts 
I’ll  be  most  mighty  glad. 

I’ll  talk  until  your  arm  gets  lame, 

And  feels  like  dropping  off ; 

I’ll  talk  until  you  wish  like  sin 
I’d  get  the  whooping  cough  : 

I’ll  show  to  you  by  all  the  words 
Our  language  will  allow  ; 

But,  bet  your  life,  you'll  never  get 
Me  back  there  with  the  cow  1 

New  York.  Frederick  m.  holmes. 

In  regard  to  the  hen  vs.  cow  contest,  if 
such  should  be  arranged,  I  should  not  like 
to  see  either  side  limited  to  food  products 
at  wholesale  prices,  but  give  both  con¬ 
testants  every  chance  to  sell  as  high,  and 
for  any  purpose,  they  may  see  fit.  Then 
let  the  contest  be  decided  for  the  one  who 
showed  the  largest  net  profit  at  the  end  of 
contest.  Of  course  it  would  be  fair  to  re¬ 
quire  both  sides  to  make  proof  of  sales, 
and  that  all  sales  should  be  bona  fide  busi¬ 
ness  deals.  Then  let  the  best  man  win.  or 
rather  the  best  stock.  In  my  mind  I 
leather  favor  the  liens,  for  I  know  that  in 
my  own  case  I  could  do  more  with  the 
hens  and  a  good  incubator  than  with  the 
cow.  J.  a.  c. 

Marion,  N.  Y. 


Express  Rates  on  Eggs. 

While  I  am  about  it  I  will  give  some 
express  company  experience.  I  receive 
through  the  Adams  Express  Co.  eggs  150 
miles  on  which  I  pay  36  cents  per  crate. 
Our  suburb  is  between  seven  and  eight 
miles  out  from  center  of  city.  Some  time 
ago  I  had  a  crate  of  eggs  shipped  from 
the  city,  charges  35  cents.  “How  is  that,” 
I  said  to  driver  who  delivered  them,  "you 
charge  35  cents  and  for  one  cent  more  you 
haul  them  over  150  miles?  1I<'  said,  “We 
do  not  haul  eggs  for  less  than  35  cents." 
The  eggs  from  a  distance  must  go  through 
the  city  to  reach  us.  d.  w.  b. 

Mt.  Airy  Pa. 


Feather  Pulling, 

I  have  a  flock  of  hens  that  are  well  fed 
on  various  kinds  of  gx-ain  and  grit.  They 
lay  well,  but  are  picking  off  their  feathers 
and  eating  them.  What  is  the  matter  with 
them,  and  what  is  the  remedy?  b.  m.  s. 

Pennsylvania. 

This  trouble  usually  starts  through  fight¬ 
ing  or  accident  and  continues  for  lack  of 
sufficient  mineral  and  animal  food.  The 
vice  spreads  rapidly  among  the  fowls  in  a 
flock.  It  is  seldom  acquired  in  properly 
managed  flocks.  This  vice  is  the  result  of 
erroneous  methods  of  feeding  and  manage¬ 
ment,  similar  to  the  conditions  which  en- 
courage  egg  eating.  Give  the  fowls  as  much 
liberty  and  freedom  as  possible.  Increase 
the  amount  of  animal  food  in  the  ration. 
If  the  pens  ai’e  small,  it  sometimes  becomes 
necessary  to  change  the  fowls  to  a  dif¬ 
ferent  house,  or  to  harness  their  bills  with 
feather  pulling  bits,  which  prevent  them 
from  getting  a  grip  on  the  feather. 


Blood  Spots  in  Eggs. 

I  have  been  getting  eggs  from  my  hens 
with  sti’eaks  of  blood  in  them.  Gan  you 
tell  me  the  reason  why  they  are  that  way? 
I  feed  a  prepared  food  and  also  a  dry 
mash  of  equal  parts  cornmeal,  middlings, 


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Why  pay  $85  to  $110  to  dealers  or  agents 
•who  cannot  sell  you  a  separator  equai 
to  the  Galloway — closest  skimmer— 
easiest  run— easiest  cleaned— 10-yr. 
guarantee.  Send  for  BOOK  FREB 
WM.  CALLOWAY  CO. 

€63  Galloway  Sta.,  Waterloo,  Ia« 


The  WITTEN 


Automatic  Dump  Cart 

Just  What  You  Have  Been 
Looking  For 

A  necessity  for  Farm- 
,  Fruit  Growers, 
Livery 
Stables, 
Cemeteries,  Golf 
Clubs,  Dairies, 
Stockmen,  Con¬ 
tractors  and  all  man¬ 
ufacturing  plants. 
Send  today  for  free 
illustrated  booklet  telling  all  about  this 
labor-saving  cart. 

Baker  Mfg.Co.,  50 7 Hunter  Bldg.,  Chicago,  III. 


PRICES 

INCLUDE 

FENDERS. 


Complete  With 
Fenders  and 
6-Shovel  Pin 
Break  Gangs, 


Complete  With 
Fenders  and 
4-Shovel  Pin 
Break  Gangs, 

$2195 

Order 

NO. 32X65 


The  David  Bradley 

LITTLE  JAP  CULTIVATOR 

is  your  own  idea  of  what  a  cultivator  should 
be;  the  perfect  implement  you  Lave  been 
wishing  for  since  you  plowed  your  first  field. 
So  far  ahead  of  any  other  that  it  really 
should  be  called  by  some  other  name  than 
cultivator.  Every  other  manufacturer  hop¬ 
ing  for  success  is  trying  to  copy  its  exclu¬ 
sive  patented  features.  We  only  name  them 
here.  Our  catalog  tells  all  about  them. 


$2275 

Order 

No. 32X66 


B.  F.  D.  No.  6.  Box  2,  Milford,  Ill. 
Sears,  Roebuck  and  Co.,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Gentlemen: — My  Little  Jap  is  far  ahead  of  any 
cultivator  1  have  ever  seen.  The  seat  bar  guiding 
motion  is  the  best  thing  out,  and  the  advantage  of 
being  able  to  raise  and  lower  the  gangs  with  the 
balancing  lever  after  having  set  them  to  exact 
depth  with  the  raising  levers  makes  it  superior  to 
all  others.  This  Is  saying  a  good  deal,  but  it’s  true. 
The  good  features  of  the  Little  Jap  make  me  feel 
like  striking  out  with  it  and  working  in  fields 
along  the  road,  so  as  to  convince  people  of  its 
superiority  over  all  other  makes. 

Yours  truly, 

CHARLES  TANSEL. 


Pivot  Axles  and  Seat  Bar  Dodging  Lever;  easiest, 
quickest,  widest  dodge.  A  clear  view  of  the  row  at 
all  times.  The  one  successful  cultivator  for  hillside 
work.  No  drifting;  gangs  work  parallel  and  at  even 
depth. 

Balance  Frame;  adjustable  for  rows  of  any  width. 
Seat  and  stirrups  adjustable  for  boy  or  man,  and  ma¬ 
chine  adapts  Itself  to  heavy  or  light  weight  operator. 

Depth  Regulating  Lever  for  each  gang,  and 
Combined  Gang  Raising  and  Balancing  Lever  that 
lilts  both  gangs  at  end  of  row  without  disturbing 
depth  adjustment. 


Short  Hitch  and  Direct  Draft;  easy  on  team. 
Draft  helps  lift  gangs,  also  keeps  shovels  in  ground. 

Sixteen  Styles  of  Gangs.  Pin  break  or  spring  trip 
shovels,  surface  blades,  spring  teeth  or  discs.  Level- 
ers,  rakes  and  other  attachments.  Buy  one  culti¬ 
vator  and  as  many  kinds  of  extra  gangs  as  wanted. 

Wheels  42  Inches  high;  wide  tires;  staggered 
spokes;  long  distance  dustproof  grease  retaining 
hubs. 

Materials  throughout  the  best  that  money  can  buy. 
Highest  grade  steel  and  malleables  used.  $100.00 
couldn’t  make  It  better. 


Send  for  our  Book  of  David  Bradley  Farm  Implements,  or  see  our  big  General 
Catalog  for  complete  descriptions  and  prices  of  all  styles  of  Little  Jap  Cultiva¬ 
tors  and  special  attachments.  Other  styles  of 
Bradley  cultivators  from  $9.93  up. 

We  can  always  furnish  repairs  for  any 
David  Bradley  implement  made  since  1832  and 
ship  the  day  we  receive  the  order. 


LITTLE 
JAP 
DISC 
CULTIVA 
TOR 


Complete, 

$2750 


R.  F.  D.  No.  1.  Mt.  Yernon,  Iowa. 
Sears,  Roebuck  and  Co. .  Chicago.  111. 

Gentlemen:— I  am  fifty-two  years  old  and  did  my 
first  plowing  with  a  single  shovel  plow,  then  the  double 
shovel,  next  the  walking  cultivator  and  then  the  sulky 
plow.  Have  used  more  different  kinds  of  cultivators 
than  most  men,  and  think  I  can  plow  corn  as  good  as 
any  man  living,  and  I  must  say  that  the  Little  Jap  is 
the  best  1  ever  used  for  good  work  and  easy  running, 
both  on  man  and  team.  It  is  the  only  cultivator  for  the 
hired  man.  You  regulate  It  and  send  him  Into  the  field 
and  he  has  simply  got  to  plow  corn. 

Yours  truly, 

A.  H.  KNAPP. 


SEARS.ROEBUCKM 


STYLE 

BOOK 


FREE 

4t 


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'Should  Have  This  Book 


'ONTAINS  the  greatest  Harness  and  Vehicle  offers  ever 
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Harness.  See  our  Wagon  Leader  of  special  construction,  page  101, 
and  special  Harness  Bargain,  page  143.  We  sell  direct  from  our  fac¬ 
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Bargains  in  Vehicles  and  Harness 

Doesn’t  it  stand  to  reason  that  you  can  buy  Vehicles,  Harness  and  Sad¬ 
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Dealers,  Agents  and  Mail  Order  Houses  have  to  get  their  profits  and  selling 
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No  buying  a  "cat  in  a  bag”  from  “Murray."  You  select  any 
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Dept.  308  Cincinnati,  O 


Page  S3— Auto  Seat  Buggy— 

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SUCCESS  SPREADER 

The  only  spreader  with  a  33-year  record  of  good  work.  Simplicity,  Durability 
and  Light  Draft  always  foremost.  Direct  Chain  Drive.  No  Cog  Gears.  The 
choice  of  men  w’ho  investigate  thoroughly.  Wood  or  metal  wheels.  A  generation 
of  experience  back  of  every  Success.  The  leader  from  the  first.  Exclusive  features 
all  patented.  Catalog  of  facts  Free.  Write  us  promptly. 

Kemp  &  Burpee  Company,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


THE  KUKAL  NEW-YORKER 


”  609 


The  Importance  of 
Cooling  Milk  Properly 

milk  dealer.  Heknowsthat 
and  thoroughly  aerated, 
longer.  The 


MiSk  Cooler 


willcoolm'lk  to  within 
two  degrees  of  water 
temperature,  absolute¬ 
ly  removing  every  par¬ 
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made  and  durable,  and 
very  reasonable  in 
price#  Send  for  cata- 
logucll.,  describing  a 
complete  line  of  sup¬ 
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Dairymens  Supply  Co. 

PHILADELPHIA  AND 

UNSDOWNE,  P/U 


“ONLY  StURE  REMEDY” 

Gadsdon,  Ala.,  Apr.  20, 1009. 
Dr.  B.  J.  Kendall  Co. 

Gentlemen:  Please  Bend  me  copy  of  your 
TREATISE.  X  have  been  usingyour  Spavin  Cure 

for  20  years,  and  And  it  Is  tho  only  sure  remedy. 
It  Is  tho  best  liniment  I  can  got  for  horso  and 
man.  Yours  truly,  W.J.  McBeo. 

That  tells  the  whole  story,  and  it  is  the  ex¬ 
perience  that  hundreds  o£  thousands  have  had 
in  the  past  40  years,  and  it’s  the  experience  you 
will  have — “It  is  the  only  sure  remedy” — 

For  Spavin,  Ringbone, Curb,Splint, 
Swellings  and  All  Lameness 

Sold  By  Druggists— 91.00  a  Bottle, 6  hottlesfor 
85.00.  Keep  It  on  hand  always.  Be  ready  for  the 
emergency.  Kendall’s  stops  the  pain,  6tarts  the 
circulation,  penetrates  and  removes  the  cause 
of  thedlsorders.  Ask  for  a  free  copy  of  “A  Treat¬ 
ise  on  the  Horse.”  If  not  at  dealers  write  to — 
OR.  B.  J.  KENDALL  CO.,  Enosburg  Falls,  Vt. 


S3  package^ 

will  cure  any  case  or 
money  refunded. 

$1  PACKACE 

cures  ordinary  cases. 
Postpaid  on  receipt  of 
price.  Agents  Wanted. 

W ri  te  for  descriptive  booklet.  / 


«'  MINERAL 
HEAVE 

mMm.  REMEDY 


NEGLECT 
Will  Ruin 
YourHorse1 

Send  today  for 
only 

PERMANENT 


SAFE 
CERTAIN 


Mineral  Heave  Remedy  Co.,  461  fourth  Avenue.  Pittsburg,  ft 


PAYS 

MORE  MONEY 

GIVES 

MORE  SATISFACTION.! 

NO  STOCK  CAN  THRIVE  IF  PESTERED 
WITH  LICE, TICKS, MITES,  FLEAS, 
SCAB, MANGE, AND  OTHER  SKIN 
DISEASES. 

TO  CLEAN  OUT  THESE 
PARASITES,  GUARD  AGAINST 
CONTAGIOUS  DISEASES, 
CLEANSE,  PURIFY,  AND 
DEODORIZE.  U  SE 


k  .y:,; 


Kreso 
Dip  N«1 


BETTER  THAN  OTHERS, BECAUSE,  IT  IS 

STANDARDIZED,’ 

UNIFORM.  DEPENDABLE,  EFFICIENT.  ONE 
GALLON  OF  KRESO  DIP  NO.I  MAKES  60 
TO  100  6ALL0NS  OF  S0LUTI0N(DEPENDING 
UPON  WHAT  USE  IS  TO  BE  MADE  OF  IT.) 

A  REAL  NECESSITY  ABOUT 
H0RSES.CATTLE, SHEEP, SWINE, 
DOGS,  GOATS  AND  POULTRY. 

FOR  SALE  BV  ALL  DRUGGISTS. 
WRITE  FOR  FREE  CIRCULARS.  ASK  FOR  LEAFLET 

describing  a  new  cement  hog  wallow,  if  you  I 

ARE  INTERESTED. 

PARKE, DAVIS&COj 

^  I.  ,  V\0EPARTMEKT  OF  ANIMAL 
r  •»  ./V  N  V\  INDUSTRY. 

Vk*  ' ,Y\0\DETROIT,MICHV 

1  n  u.s.a.Y 


RL 


MILHL 


The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.51 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  three  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  the  26-eent  freight  zone 
who  have  no  additional  station  charges. 


Milk  generally  sells  at  six  cents  per 
quart.  Some  few  sell  it  at  five  cents.  There 
are  no  wholesalers  here.  It  is  generally 
sold  in  a  retail  way  by  farmers  and  in 
towns.  A  few  people  keep  cows  and  sell 
their  surplus.  There  is  no  peddling  of  milk. 
Everybody  goes  after  his  own  milk  and  those 
who  do  not,  do  without.  Poultry  business 
is  all  local.  Chickens  sell  at  12  to  14  cents 
per  pound  live  weight.  j.  p.  f. 

New  Washington,  Pa. 


Tub  Folk v  Milk  Bill. — At  the  last  regu¬ 
lar  meeting  of  the  directors  of  the  Dairy¬ 
men’s  League  they  wore  unanimous  in  their 
disapproval  of  the  Foley  Bill  No.  375,  As¬ 
sembly,  which  would  establish  a  milk  com¬ 
mission.  Passing  the  doubtful  constitution¬ 
ality  of  the  bill,  it  is  unnecessary  and  un¬ 
just  and  calls  for  an  expenditure  of  a  large 
amount  of  money  for  purposes  already  pro¬ 
vided  for.  Why  should  milk  ho  singled  out 
from  the  many  other  food  products  and  re¬ 
strictions  placed  upon  tho  retail  price?  The 
inspection  of  the  supply  and  distribution  of 
milk  is  already  well  provided  for.  The 
standard  of  milk  is  already  fixed  by  the 
Legislature,  which  is  responsible  to  the  peo¬ 
ple,  and  why  place  it  within  the  power  of 
the  whims  of  any  three  men  to  overrule 
those  laws  of  the  State? 


The  cut  shows  the  Lo.v  sanitary  milk  pail, 
described  by  Professor  Harding  in  Bulletin 
S26  of  the  Geneva,  N.  Y.,  Experiment  Sta¬ 
tion.  In  a  10-day  test  with  the  common 


LOY  MILK  PAIL.  Fig.  171. 


open  pail  it  was  found  that  this  covered 
pail,  with  opening  of  tive  by  seven  inches, 
reduced  the  germ  content  of  the  milk  at 
least  60  per  cent. 


Milk  has  been  4%  cents  a  quart  this 
Winter,  and  for  the  Summer  3%  cents  a 
quart  has  been  agreed  upon.  Milk  goes 
from  here  to  Bridgeport,  12  miles,  farmers 
going  half  way  and  the  peddler  coming  the 
other  half  to  meet  them.  The  retailer  gets 
nine  and  10  cents  for  it.  Poultry  is  bring¬ 
ing  from  17  to  18  cents  a  pound,  live 
weight,  at  the  door.  Eggs  are  23-25  cents 
wholesale  and  30  cents  retail.  I  myself 
make  butter,  have  done  so  for  20  years,  and 
I  think,  taking  everything  together,  I  do 
about  as  well  if  not  better  than  those  who 
Sell  milk.  Butter  is  35  cents  the  year 
around;  then  the  buttermilk  2%  cents  a 
quart,  some  skim-milk  and  cottage  cheese, 
it  all  helps  to  fill  the  bucket,  and  then  we 
can  retail  all  our  eggs,  potatoes  and  fruit, 
which  by  selling  the  milk  at  wholesale  you 
cannot  do  so  well.  I  read  about  tarring 
seed  corn ;  I  don't  tar  the  corn  too  long 
before  planting,  or  it  will  lose  the  smell, 
and  then  the  crows  will  pull  it,  tar  and  all. 

Stepney,  Conn.  a.  z. 


NOTES  FROM  THE  DAIRYMEN  S  LEAGUE. 

The  Dairymen’s  League  has  made  rapid 
growth  since  the  forming  of  the  permanent 
organization.  The  number  of  local  branches 
is  about  three  times  what  they  were  at  that 
time.  We  now  have  branches  in  Sussex  and 
Warren  Counties,  N.  J. ;  Litchfield  and 
Fairfield  Counties,  Conn.  ;  Berkshire  County, 
Mass. ;  Wayne  County,  Pa.  ;  Orange,  Sulli¬ 
van,  Ulster,  Putnam,  Dutchess,  Columbia, 
Rensselaer,  Washington,  Montgomery,  Dela 
ware,  Schoharie,  Greene,  Otsego,  Broome. 
Chenango,  Madison,  Oneida,  Onondaga,  Cort¬ 
land.  Chemung,  Tompkins  and  Allegany 
Counties,  N.  Y.  It  should  be  remembered  It. 
is  a  large  organization  covering  a  large  Held 
— the  largest  of  any  similar  organization  — 
and  like  a  long  train  it  should  not  be  ex¬ 
pected  to  start,  off  at  full  speed.  It  must 
start  slowly,  be  conservative,  gain  conces¬ 
sions  gradually,  but  when  under  full  speed 
its  momentum  or  power  is  wonderful,  and  a 
rash  or  false  move  will  wreck  it.  Every 
milk  producer  should  avoid  surplussing  the 
market.  Send  the  unprofitable  cow  to  the 
butcher’s  block,  for  she  only  makes  the  sur¬ 
plus  which  tends  to  keep  down  the  price  of 
the  profitable  cow.  The  league  endorses  toe 
plan  for  each  branch  owning  or  controlling 
its  shipping  station  wherever  possible.  We 
cannot  expect  to  get  something  out  and  put 
nothing  in.  It  takes  time,  energy  and  a  lit¬ 
tle  incidental  expense.  Nothing  can  be 
gained  by  retreat.  It  becomes  more  evi¬ 
dent  each  year  that  the  milk  producer  must 
work  out  his  own  salvation.  The  failure 
and  iu  some  cases  the  refusal  of  the  dealer 
to  recognize  the  farmers  in  this  business 
transaction  leaves  the  farmer  the  only  alter¬ 
native  to  organize  and  act  independently. 
This  is  not  as  it  should  be  in  equity,  and 
from  a  business  standpoint.  The  farmers 
must  join  hands  to  protect  their  interests. 
They  need  organization  effectually  to  pro¬ 
mote  or  defeat  legislation  as  it  affects  their 
interests.  Every  milk  producer  should  con¬ 
sider  carefully  the  proposed  reciprocity 
treaty  with  Canada  with  respect  to  the  re¬ 
moval  of  the  duty  on  milk,  cream,  butter 
and  cheese,  and  its  effect  upon  our  market, 
and  then  let  their  representatives  m  Con¬ 
gress  hear  from  them. 

albert  manning.  Secretary. 


The  Best  Way  To  ConserveThe 
Natural  Resources  0 f  \our  Farm 

YOUR  land  is  your  biggest  asset.  On  its  power  to  grow  good 
crops  depends  your  very  livelihood.  What  are  you  doing  to 
insure  its  continued  fertility — your  future  prosperity? 

There  is  a  great  national  movement  on  foot  now  for  “The 
Conservation  of  Our  Natural  Resources.”  Don’t  think  this  ap¬ 
plies  only  to  our  forests  and  coal  mines.  The  soil,  too,  has  been 
drained  of  its  natural  wealth  by  season  after  season  of  bumper 
crops.  1’ or  your  own  good,  join  the  soil  conservation 
movement  now.  Begin  on  your  own  farm.  There  is  a 
practical,  economical,  profitable  way.  Invest  in  an 

1  H  C  Manure  Spreader 

as  hundreds  of  other  farmers  have  done.  By  distribu¬ 
ting  your  manure  with  one  of  these  efficient-machines 
you  can  keep  your  land  always  in  top-notch  condition. 
Barnyard  manure  is  rich  in  the  elements  that  enrich  the 
soil,  and  an  I  II  C  Manure  Spreader  enables  you  to 
distribute  it  in  the  way  to  use  all  of  it  to  the  best 
advantage.  I  H  C  Spreaders  are  so  designed  that 
the  manure  can  be  spread  in  just  the  right  amount 
[required  by  the  condition  of  the  soil — a  heavy  coat 
'where  it  is  most  needed — a  light 


top  dressing  where  that  is  best. 
PThey  are  simple  and  strong  in 
every  part.  Their  dependability  has 
been  proved  by  years  of  service. 

I  H  C  Spreaders  are  made  in  three  styles : 

Kemp  20th  Century 
Corn  King  Cloverleaf 

in  sizes  suitable  for  any  size  farm. 

Call  on  the  I  H  C  local  dealer  and  see  the  one 
best  adapted  to  your  needs.  Ask  him  about  the 
bigger  profits  I  H  C  Spreaders  are  bringing  to 
users.  If  you  prefer,  write  direct  fori  H  C  Spreader 
catalogue  and  full  information. 

International  Harvester  Company  of  America 

(Incorporated! 

Chicago  _____  USA 


I  H  C 

Service  Bureau 

The  purpose  of 
this  Bureau  is  to 
furnish  farmers  with 
information  on  bet¬ 
ter  farming.  If  you 
have  anyiaworthy 
question  concerning 
soils,  crops,  pests, 
fertilizer,  etc,,  write 
to  the  I  H  C  Service 
Bureau,  and  learn 
what  our  e  x  p  er  t  s 
and  others  have 
found  out  concern¬ 
ing  those  subjects. 


HI, 


/ 


WL 


A  Remarkable  Fuel  Saving 
Farm  Engine  15  Days  FREE 


GASOLINE  is  way  up  now,  from  6  to  16  cents  more  than  kerosene,  and  is  still  soaring 
The  big  automobile  demand  is  responsible  for  it.  What  will  you  do  if  your  engine 
wont  run  on  kerosene?  Belter  be  on  the  safe  side.  Better  own  an  engine  tbat 
will  operata  on  either  kerosene  or  gasoline. 


Caille  Perfection  Motor  Co.,  211  Second  Ave.,  Detroit.  Mich 


Record  Breaking  PERFECTION  Kerosene  Engine 

Tlie  PERFECTION  does  what  no  other  engine  can  do.  It  vaporizes  kerosene,  drawing 
alight  mist  through  the  carbureter  so  that  it  has  the  same  force  as  gasoline  in  tho  cylinder. 

Tho  Perfection  is  light,  portable,  lias  only  three  moving  parts,  runs  everything  about 
the  place,  operates  on  any  engine  fuel,  is  priced  lower  than  others  of  the  same  size. 

1  5  Davs’  Free  Trial  ^ou  can  ^avo  one  °*  these  engines  for  15  days’  free  trial. 

Call  on  your  dealer,  ask  him  to  show  you  tho  “Perfec¬ 
tion."  He’ll  let  you  use  one  on  your  farm  for  15  days  and  if  you  find  that  it  is  not  as 
represented,  we  will  refund  cheerfully  every  dollar  paid  for  it  by  you.  Ask  for  our 
Free  Engine  Book  or  if  your  dealer  does  not  carry  the  “Perfection"  write  to  us  direct. 


JACOBSON 

SELF-CONTAINED  ENGINE  WITH  AUTOMATIC  DRAINING 
WATER  TANK. 

No  Freezing  No  Overheating 

No  I.arge  Water  Tank 

'Die  Agency  is  available  in  some  sections  and 
valuable  in  all. 

JACOBSON  MACHINE  MFG.  CO. 

Ill  Irvine  Street  Warren, Pa.  , 

'  ■  b  ■  ■  ■  ^ 


CIRCULAR  44 

THE  PRESERVATION  OF  TIMBER 

Ready  for  free  distribution. 

Contains  considerable  information  on  the  simplest 
and  best  means  of  preventing  the  decay  of  shingles, 
porches,  etc.,  as  also  details  abont  the  cheapest 
wood  preserving  paint  for  farm  buildings.  Send 
ns  a  postal  now. 

CARBOLINEUM  WOOD  PRESERVING  CO. 
181  Franklin  Street.  New  York,  N.  Y. 


gasoline,  distillate,  any  fuel  oil,  perfectly — without  chang9 

Cheapest,  Safest,  Simplest 

POWER 

for  barn  work,  house  work,  mill  work,  dairy  work,  well 
work,  spraying,  sawing, irrigation, electric  lights,  pumping. 

Astonishing  success.  Moro  power  gallon  for  gallon.  Hun¬ 
dred  less  parts.  Patent  throttle  gives  three  engines  for  the 
price  of  one.  Catalog  free — tells  hot r 
Doubleduty  tank  revolutionizes  coolii 
systems.  Force  feed  lubricator — pe 
feet  oiling.  Automobile  muff'er. 

Ball  bearing  governor.  Starts  in¬ 
stantly.  No  pre-heating  No 
crank.  Experience  unnec¬ 
essary  Women  can  oper- 
tate.  Vibration  eliinina- 
ed.  Quality  high — prico 
low.  Comes  complete. 

Always  hungry  for 
work— and  thrives  on  it. 

FREE  TRIAL 

No  obligation  till  satis¬ 
fied.  10-year  guarantee. 

** Engine  Facts'  free 
write  for  it  MOW. 

Ellis  Engine  Co., 

b!  Mullet!  St  .  0LTR0IT.  MICH 


(rx) 


610 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


April  15, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


During  March  we  received  57  doubt¬ 
ful  claims  for  collection  from  our  people, 
amounting  to  $1,845.30.  Of  these  and 
previous  claims  we  collected  43,  amount¬ 
ing  to  $722.81.  The  collections  were 
much  smaller  than  for  the  month  of 
February,,  though  we  actually  collected 
three  more  accounts  in  March  than  in 
February.  The  inquiries  for  ratings 
continue,  and  we  are  led  to  believe  that 
many  of  our  people  are  taking  greater 
pains  to  look  up  references  from  other 
sources  before  remitting  money  or  ship¬ 
ping  goods. 

The  Railroad  Educational  Association, 
227  Monroe  street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  was 
closed  last  week,  and  George  H.  Baker, 
president,  arrested  on  a  charge  of  al¬ 
leged  misuse  of  the  mails.  He  was  held 
in  $5,000  bail.  The  concern  was  adver¬ 
tising  to  instruct  brakemen  and  firemen 
for  railroad  positions,  and  guaranteed 
to  refund  the  fee  of  $15  to  $20  charged 
in  case  of  failure  of  the  applicant  to  get 
work.  The  inspectors  say  they  got  com¬ 
plaints  from  men  who  took  the  course, 
but  were  rejected  by  the  railroads  as 
not  qualified  for  the  positions.  The  in¬ 
spectors  say  the  concern  took  in  $40,000 
to  $50,000  a  year. 

I  appreciate  your  fine  paper  very  highly 
and  heartily  endorse  your  splendid  fight  for 
parcels  post  and  rural  progress  in  every 
direction.  Many  excellent  articles  have 
been  worth  more  than  the  subscription  costs 
for  the  whole  year.  Moreover,  your  war¬ 
fare  on  crooks,  swindlers,  parasites  and 
pirates  that  line  up  to  catch  the  unwary 
consumer  and  producer  coming  and  going  is 
without  parallel  so  far  as  I  know  in  the 
whole  category  of  the  agricultural  press. 

Pennsylvania.  c.  s.  M. 

We  do  not  like  the  idea  of  having  a 
monopoly  of  this  warfare  on  crooks. 
We  would  welcome  the  help  of  every 
publication  of  every  kind  in  the  country. 
How  little  of  it  there  would  be  if  only 
one  paper  in  10  took  it  up,  is  shown  in 
what  one  paper  practically  alone  is  able 
to  do. 

Recent  reports  from  St.  Louis  state 
that  E.  G.  Lewis  and  the  Lewis  Publish¬ 
ing  Company  were  sued  the  last  week  of 
March  by  the  Laurentide  Paper  Com¬ 
pany  for  $12,000.  A  New  York  paper 
house  recently  secured  judgment  against 
them  for  about  $5,000.  Much  of  the 
stock  in  the  company  is  held  by  coun¬ 
try  people,  who  were  induced  to  accept 
it  on  a  seven  per  cent  dividend  guaran¬ 
tee  in  exchange  for  their  share  of  the 
proceeds  of  the  defunct  Lewis  bank. 
Stock  certificates  to  the  amount  of  $2,- 
300,000  were  printed  up  for  the  occa¬ 
sion,  and  later  on  18  per  cent  dividend 
declared,  but  not  paid.  Some  acute 
mind  will  ask  if  the  dividend  was  de¬ 
clared  to  stimulate  the  sale  of  stock. 
Your  guess  is  as  good  as  ours. 

By  request  I  ask  your  opinion  of  the 
Royal  Register  of  the  Genealogical  Publish 
ing  Company.  Metropolitan  Life  Building. 
New  York  City.  is  there  anything  to  it 
except  the  dollar  for  book  of  advertisements 
of  heirs  to  fortunes  in  the  Old  World  ? 

Missouri.  d.  E.  E. 

If  there  were  no  greater  danger  of 
loss  to  dupes  of  legacy  lawyers  than  the 
cost  of  a  dollar  book,  the  game  would 
not  be  worked  as  industriously  as  it  is. 
The  scheme  always  is  to  get  you  inter¬ 
ested  ;  and  then  make  you  believe  a  for¬ 
tune  awaits  you,  if  you  put  up  some  ad¬ 
vance  money  to  get  it.  Usually  they  ap¬ 
peal  to  the  cupidity  of  their  dupe.  They 
know  it  is  the  person  who  is  not  en¬ 
titled  to  the  alleged  fortune  who  is  most 
likely  to  fall  victim  to  the  scheme. 
Schemers  are  always  after  the  fellow 
who  wants  to  get  something  for 
nothing;  or  who  is  willing  to  share  in 
a  plunder.  If  you  are  willing  to  beat 
others,  they  reason  they  can  beat  you. 

The  New  York  Novelty  Publishing 
Company,  1182  Broadway  and  344  Fifth 
Avenue,  New  York  City,  has  been  re¬ 
ferred  to  in  this  column,  and  a  word  of 
caution  expressed  to  our  subscribers.  At 
the  time  of  our  expose  Ira  A.  Milleron, 
the  promoter,  disappeared,  but  appeared 
in  Chicago  under  the  name  of  the  Lin¬ 
coln  Publishing  Company  with  a  similar 
scheme.  Pie  was  brought  back  to  New 
York  and  lodged  in  the  Tombs  Prison 
in  want. of  bail  on  a  charge  of  using  the 
mails  for  fraudulent  purposes.  This 
scheme  was  principally  worked  on  school 
teachers.  The  promise  was  to  send  a 
number  of  classical  illustrated  books  at 
three  cents.  Many  orders  containing 
money  orders  and  checks  were  received 
from  thousands  of  teachers  all  over  the 
country,  and  from  the  pupils  in  the 
schools,  as  the  proposition  was  an  un¬ 
heard-of  bargain.  It  is  alleged  that  Mil¬ 
leron  pocketed  the  money  and  never 
bothered  to  acknowledge  receipt  of  it, 
nor,  of  course,  to  send  the  books.  It 
was  a  complaint  of  this  kind  that  first 
called  our  attention  to  it. 


In  the  trial  and  conviction  of  W.  P. 
Harrison,  of  Columbus,  on  a  charge  of 
using  the  mails  to  defraud  the  Post 
Office  Department  has  secured  definite 
rulings  on  two  important  features  of 
the  mail-order  business.  The  first  is 
that  the  advertisements  and  circulars 
used  to  promote  the  sale  must  not 
grossly  misrepresent  the  article  to  be 
sold.  A  little  exaggeration  is  accounted 
for  in  the  enthusiasm  of  the  salesman, 
but  the  jury  evidently  set  limits  to  the 
claims  a  manufacturer  may  safely  make 
in  excess  of  the  real  merits  of  the  goods. 

The  second  point  settled  is  that  when 
goods  are  sold  through  the  mail  on  a 
guarantee  to  return  the  money  if  not 
satisfactory  on  trial,  the  refund  must 
be  made  promptly  or  within  a  reasonable 
time.  Mr.  Harrison’s  concerns  were  no¬ 
torious  for  the  violation  of  both  of  these 
rules.  The  goods  were  described  in  the 
most  extravagant  and  sensational  lan¬ 
guage  ;  and  when  demand  followed  for 
refund,  the  “tire  out”  process  was  re¬ 
sorted  to,  and  the  customer  had  to  earn 
the  money  all  over  again  to  get  it  re¬ 
turned.  It  was  for  these  reasons  that 
The  R.  N.-Y.  refused  their  advertising 
some  years  ago.  When  complaint  was 
made  to  us  we  always  got  the  money — 
in  time;  but  many  people  got  tired  and 
disgusted  and  let  the  complaint  drop 
after  writing  a  few  letters.  Of  course 
that  was  just  what  the  concern  wanted 
to  effect  from  the  start.  Mr.  Harrison 
was  not  the  only  offender.  There  are 
some  others  in  the  same  line  working 
the  same  game.  But  this  decision  makes 
a  valuable  precedent,  and  convictions  in 
the  future  will  be  easier  and  more  cer¬ 
tain.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  some  of  the 
papers  will  take  a  hint,  and  refuse  ad¬ 
vertising  space  to  concerns  of  this  class. 
Mr.  Harrison  was  convicted  on  two 
counts  and  sentenced  to  pay  a  fine  of 
$1,000  and  to  spend  three  years  in  a 
Federal  prison.  The  Government  is  do¬ 
ing  good  work.  J.  J.  D. 


Big  News  For  Incubator  Buyers 

The  famous  Belle  City  Incubator 
wins  the  “ Tycos ”  Cup  Contest  over 
machines  costing  2  to  S  times  as 
‘much— making  it  the  Double  World’s 
Champion.  And  winner  raised  over 
97  per  cent  of  chicks.  Order  Now. 
Get  in  champion  class.  Order  direct 
from  this  advertisement  to  get  early 
start.  Hundreds  of  others  do.  I  guar- 
antee  satisfaction.  Read  remark- 
abtt  offer  below.  J.  V.  Rohan,  President. 

^pi  gg  Buys  the  Best 

£  140- 

*  Egg 

Incubator 

/  Ever  Made 
t  $4.85  Buys  the  Best  Brooder 
Both  Incubator  and  Brooder,  ordered  together 
cost  but  $11.50— Freight  Prepaid  (E.  ol  Rockies). 

The  Belle  City  Incubator  has  double  walls 
and  dead  air  space  all  over,  copper  tank,  hot- 
water  heat,  sel£- regulator,  thermometer,  egg 
tester,  safety  lamp,  nursery,,  high  legs, 
double  door.  The  Bello  City  Brooder  is  the 
only  double-walled  brooder  made,  hot-water 
heat,  platform,  metal  lamp.  No  machines 
at  any  price  are  better. 

Satisfaction  Guaranteed 


Write  for  our  book  to¬ 
day,  or  send  the  price 
now  and  save  waiting. 

X 40-Chick  Brooder  V-  Rohan ,  President. 

Belle  City  Incubator  Co..  B©*48  ’  Racine.  Wis. 


M  POULTRY  SUPPLIES 

Everything  for  the  poultryman  at  low  prices;  Auto, 
matic  Feeders,  Hall  Mammoth  and  Model  Incuba¬ 
tors.  Feed,  Remedies,  Hcti-e-ta,  Rat  Corn,  Liverine. 
LegBands.etc.  Prompt  shipments.  Write  forcatalog. 

HARRIES  &  BENEDICT  CO.  67BNAeacvLoArYkST' 


100  Thoroughbred  S.  C.  White  Leghorn  Pullets  and 
Yearling  Hens,  also  four  cockerels;  all  for  $100;  half 
are  laying  now.  T.H.Mettler,  East  Millstone,  N.J. 


Golden  &,  Silver  Laced  Wyandottes  VST 

Best  egg  strain.  Swart  Mercantile  Co..  Margaretville,  N.Y. 


REDS  EXCLUSIVELY 

Eggs  from  Handsome  Dark  Matings,  $2.00  for  13; 
$8.00  per  100.  From  Utility  Heavy  Layers,  $1.00  for 
13;  $4. .10  per  100. 

O  V  K  It  I.  O  O  K  P  OCLT  It  Y  FARM 
Tel.  59-4  Foxboro,  Mass: 


S.  C.  White  Leghorn  BABY  CHICKS 

$10  per  100  in  any  quantity.  Breeders  are  vigorous 
yearlings  and  2-year-olds.  Circular.  VANCRESI 
POULTRY  FARM,  Salt  Point,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y. 


White  Wyandottes-V‘‘"&S“*1JS 

range.  Eggs:  $5.00  per  100,  $1.00  for  15. 

0.  H.  FOGG,  R.  F.  D.  No.  3,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 


BUFF  WYANDOTTES 

per  15;  $5.00  per  100.  H.  L.  C00LIDGE,  Hudson,  Mass. 


WHITEWYANDOTT  E  S“|“veSfjieln0nbrerda  by 

me  for  12  years.  Large,  fine  birds,  splendid  layers. 
Have  been  winning  for  5  years.  Eggs,  high  fertility, 
100. $5.00.  Sitting,$l  .00.  WILLIAM  0.  BURR,  Fairfield,  Conn. 


Barred  Plymouth  BockiSKSTiKK: 

raised  birds.  Great  laying  strain,  $1.25  per  15; 
$4.50  per  100.  CHAS.  T.  DOWNING,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


AND  UPWARD 

SENT  ON  TRIAL. 
FULLY 

GUARANTEED. 


— AMERICAN — 

SEPARATOR 

A  brand  new,  well  made,  easy  running,  easily 
cleaned,  perfect  skimming  separator  for  $15.95. 

Skims  warm  or  cold  milk.  Makes  thick  or  thin 
cream.  Thousands  in  use  giving  splendid  satis¬ 
faction.  Different  from  this  picture  which  illus¬ 
trates  our  large  capacity  machines.  The  bowl 
is  a  sanitary  marvel  and  embodies  all  our  latest 
improvements.  Our  richly  illustrated  catalog 
tells  all  about  it.  Our  wonderfully  low  prices  on 
all  sizes  and  generous  terms  of  trial  will  astonish 
you.  We  sell  direct  to  user.  No  agents.  Our 
guarantee  protects  you  on  every  American  Sepa¬ 
rator.  Western  orders  filled  from  Western  points. 

Whether  your  dairy  is  large  or  small,  get  our  great 
offer  and  handsome  free  catalog.  ADDRESS, 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO.,  bAinbborLg0e75n.  y 


Simple,  self-regulating,  complete. 
Guaranteed  to  hatch  every  hatchabla 
egg.  Sold  on  40  days  trial  with  money 
back  in  case  of  failure.  150,000  in  use. 
If  your  dealer  doesn’t  keep  them  write  to  us.  We’ll  send 
you  our  catalogue  and  two  books,  "  Making  Money  the 
Buckeye  Way”  and  “51  Chicks  from  50  Eggs,”  Free. 

THE  BUCKEYE  INCUBATOR  CQ„  508  W,  Eueiid  Avenue,  Springfield,  Ohio. 

Bulldsrs  ol  Buokeye  Portable  Poultry  Houses 
Sold  Cheaper  Than  You  Can  BuHd  Them. 


MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  line  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1844 
R.  MacKE LLAR’S  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill,  N.  Y 


Farmers  and  Poultrymen. 

You  must  not  blame  us  if  occasionally  our  en¬ 
thusiasm  bubbles  over  when  speaking  of  our  cus¬ 
tom  hatching  department  as  carried  on  by  our 
experts  in  our  mammoth  hot  water  incubator. 
Results  are  showing  people  all  over  the  country 
that  we  know  our  business  by  saving  them  time, 
worry  and  money,  and  giving  them  stronger  chicks 
than  the  old  lien  or  kerosene  oil  fume  incubators 
ever  did.  You  send  ns  the  eggs— we’ll  do  the  rest — 
do  it  right  and  sonti  yon  the  chicks.  Write  for  in¬ 
formation  and  prices,  anyway. 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM,  Millerton,  N.  Y. 


Indian  Runner  Ducks,  S.  C,  White  Leghorns 

Eggs  for  Hatching.  Send  for  Circular. 

F.  J.  FULLER,  Waterport,  Orleans  County,  Now  York 


neCO— Guaranteed  fertile;  from  range -grown 
LU  00  stock  that  pay  large  pi  ofits  at  the  egg  basket 

MAPLE  COVE  POULTRY  FARM  .  .  R,  D.  24,  Athens,  Pa. 


RICHLAND  FARMS. 

Breeders  and  Exhibitors  of 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS, 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  HOCKS, 

S.  C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS, 
Our  Prices  Hatching  Eggs— S.  C.  White  Leghorns— One 

setting,  15  eggs,  $2;  two  settings,  30  eggs,  $3.50; 
three  settings,  45  eggs,  $4.75;  one  hundred  eggs,  $8; 
one  thousand  eggs,  $70.  White  Plymouth  Rocks  and  S.  C. 
Black  Orpingtons— One  setting,  15  eggs,  $2.50  and  $5; 
one  hundred  eggs,  $14  and  $28.  Fertility  Guaranteed. 

Our  Prices  Baby  Chicks — S.  C.  White  Leghorns— Fifty  or 
less,  each,  20  cents;  one  hundred,  $15;  one  thousand, 
$125.  White  Plymouth  Rocks  and  S.  C.  Black  Orpingtons— 
Fifty  or  less,  each,  30  cents:  one  hundred,  $25,  We 
guarantee  safe  arrival  of  CHICKS  in  first-class 
condition. 

HIGHLAND  FARMS,  Frederick,  Md. 


Bonnie  Brae  White  Leg- 
horns  and  Pekin  Ducks  e&nMS 

iiwiiiw  Him  ■  w  strains  now 

ready;  also  some  choice  matings  of  Barred  and 
White  Plymouth  liocks,  Hose  Comb  White  Leg¬ 
horns,  White  Wyandottes, 'Single  and  Hose  Comb 
Khode  Island  Reds,  Light  Brahmas,  Mammoth 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Pearl  Guinea  Fowl.  Orders 
for  early  settings  and  baby  chicks  now  booked. 
Get  some  prize  matings  at  right  prices.  BONNIE 
BRAE  POULTRY  FARM,  NEW  ROCHELLE,  N.  Y.  Largest 
successful  plant  in  New  York  vicinity.  10,000-egg 
capacity.  Agents  for  Cyphers  Incubator  Company. 
Correspondence  invited. 


LAKEHILL  FARM 

W. H. THACHER. 

Single  and  Hose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W.  P.  Hocks 
and  Imp.  Pekin  Ducks.  Cockerels  and  Ducks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  in  any  quantity  from  $'.’  up. 
Chicks,  $15  per  100.  Ducklings,  $25  per  100.  Write 
for  special  prices  in  large  lots.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  of  hatching  eggs  and  day  old  chicks 
and '  ducklings.  Safe  delivery  and  satisfaction 
guaranteed.  CAHL  W.  LLOYD,  Mgr., 

Hillside.  Westchester  County.  N.  Y. 


THE  FARMER’S  FOWL— Hose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Itoute  1,  Hichland,  N.  Y. 


WRIGHT’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTE  WINNERS-Eggs,  $4.50 
for  100.  Baby  Chix,  $12.50  for  100;  $7.00  for  50. 
GRAND  VIEW  FARM,  Stanfordville,  N.  Y. 


nfllll  TDYMCM- Send  10  cents  for  our  flne60- 
I  U  U  L  I  11  I  IY1  LIi  page  Illustrated  Catalogue. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Marietta,  Pa. 


THOROUGH-BRED  POULTRY— Best  twenty  varieties, 
Good  stock.  Eggs,  15,  $1;  40,  $2.  Catalogue. 
H.  K.  MOHR,  Quakertown,  Pa..  Route  3. 


FARM  BRED  POULTRY-FREE  RANGE 

Partridge  Cochins,  White  Rocks,  Barred 
Hocks,  Partridge  Wyandottes.  Prize  win¬ 
ning  strains.  Send  for  egg  list. 

MINCII  BROS. ,  R-3,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 


SNOW  WHITE  WYANDOTTE  EGGS  for  hatching,  $1  per  15, 

$5  per  100.  A  few  good  Cockerels.  Circular  free. 
GOLDENROD  FARM,  Dept.  R,  Stewartstow-u,  Pa. 


EGGS— $1  per  15.  $2  per  40  of  Thor.  Braliniae.  Hocks,  Wjrsn- 
ilotles,  Beils,  Minorca*,  llolulaiis, Leghorns,  Hamhurgs;  19  var,, 
28  years’  experience.  Catalogue.  S.  K.  Mohr,  Coopersburg,  Pa. 


THE  BEST  S.  C.  REDS 

.  .  .  ARE  .  .  . 

DAVIS’  200  EGG  STRAIN 

Utility . $1  per  13;  $G  per  100 

Special  Matings  ...  $2  per  13;  $10  per  100 

_  Prize  Matings  ....  $5  per  13;  Mammoth 

Hot  Water  Incubator  Baby  Chicks  ....  $15  per  100 
Book  Orders  Now  Circular  Free 

DAVIS  POULTRY  FARM,  Berlin,  Mass. 


Van  Alstyne’s  Rhode  Island  Reds 

10  Utility  Cockerels  at  $3.00  each;  100  S.  C.  Year¬ 
ling  Hens  at  $2.00  each;  50  S.  C.  surplus  Pullets  at 
$2.50  each.  Eggs  for  hatching  in  any  number. 

JAS.  E.  VAN  ALSTVNE,  Kinderliook,  N.Y. 


MT.  PLEASANT  FARM 

A  b  reeding  establishment  of  250  acres, 
devoted  to  developing  the  best 

js.  c.  w.  leoxiounts 

Fine  Breeding  Cockerels  at  reasonable  prices. 

MT.  PLEASANT  FARM.  Box  Y,  HAVRE  BE  GRACE,  Maryland. 


“THREE  COLUMBIAN  WYANDOTTES 

O-  e  , ,  Combine  more  of  beauty  and  utility  than 
A  K  o  any  breed  today.  Right  there  with  the 
eggs  every  time.  Stock  and  Hatching  Eggs.  Free  illus¬ 
trated  Mating  List  of  winners.  Address 

RALPH  WOODWARD,  Box  28.  Grafton,  Mass. 


IJUFF  WYANDOTTES,  heavy  laying  strain, 
$1.25  and  $2.00  per  set  of  la;  also  Single  Comb 
White  Leghorns  at  $1.00  per  set  of  15.  Also  for  ex¬ 
change.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Nursery  Ave. .Woonsocket,  R.  I. 


S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Orchard  Poultry  Farm, 

A.  P.  &  C.  A.  Rogers, 
Bergen,  New  York. 

Utility  Vitality 


S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORN  BABY  CHICKS 

Blanchard  strain  hatching  eggs;  prices  reasonable. 
JAMES  GOODMAN.  New  Ringgold,  Pa. 


Eggs  For  Hatching-!';,,,',,;, 

Indian  Runner  Ducks.  High-class  stock- 
utility,  show  or  export.  SINCLAIR  SMITH,  602 
Fifth  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


Dill  I  CTQ— S.  C.  W.  LEGHORNS— Booking  orders 
*  ULLt  I  O  future  delivery.  Hatching  eggs  from 
vigorous  birds  for  prompt  shipment.  Limited 
number  choice  breeders.  Lakewood  and  Youngs 
strains.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington,  N.  J. 


BARRED  ROCKS;  S.  C.  REDS;  large, 
vigorous  layers;  $1.00  for  15,  $5.00  per  100, 

J.  It.  ELLIS  :  :  :  :  Pulaski,  N.  Y. 


Dfllll  TDV~35  Be®1  Breeds.  Bred  for  Laying. 
|UUL  I  11  I  Large  circular  illustrated  in  colors 
Free.  JOHN  E.  HEATWOLE,  Harrisonburg,  Va. 


Buff,  Wh.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  S.  C.  H  I  Bed- 
Eggs.  90c.  per  15,  $1 .50  per  30.  $2.75  per  60,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  Pa. 


I  EGGS  $1.00 — leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 


Win’s  s  c  R 


do  lav 


I.  REDS— Bred  to  lay  and  they 
Egvs  $1.50  per  15,  $0.00  per  100. 


FINE  QUALITY  ORPINGTONS,  black  and  white.  Owens’ 
and  Cook’s  strains.  $2  and  $3  per  sitting.  $10 
per  100.  REV.  J.'D.  GRAHAM,  Lyonsville,  Mass. 


INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS-Black  Langshau  Eggs  for 
I  sale.  J.  GORDON  DRA  KE,  Port  Huron,  Mich. 


EMPIRE  STATE  S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Winners  at  N.  Y.  State  Fair.  Heavy  layers;  trios. 
$5.  Eggs  for  hatching,  $1  for  15,  $5  for  100.  Cata¬ 
logue  free.  C.  H.  ZIMMER,  WeedsPokt,  N.  Y. 


'ILD  AND  BRONZE  TURKEY  EGGS-Chicken  Eggs  Hand- 

-  some  Catalog  2  ct- 
imp,  showing  pure  wild  gobbler  from  the  moiiii- 

n.  VALLEY  VIEW  POULTRY  FARM,  Belleville,  Pa. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


oil 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  April  15,  1911. 
FARM  TOriCS. 


The  King  Road  Drag . 4S9, 

Corn  After  Vetch . 

Alfalfa  Growing  in  Michigan . 

The  Story  of  a  Canning  Factory... 

The  Joy  in  “Back  to  the  Band'... 

A  Large  Crop  of  Clover  Hay . 

Growing  Seed  of  Hairy  Vetch . 

How  to  Use  Lime . 

Corn  Smut  and  Seed  Corn . 

Corn  Notes  . 

Potato  Situation  . 

Tar  on  Seed  Corn . 

Corn  Growing  in  Illinois  . 

Flowing  Clover:  Flint  Corn . 

Champion  Potato  Diggers . 

Dope  Farm  Notes  . 


490 

490 

490 

490 

490 

491 
491 

491 

492 
192 
402 

492 

493 
493 
493 
498 


COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  14.60 

Middling  Gulf .  14.85 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  13.87 

Good  Middling .  14.70 

WOOL 

NewYork Fleeces, Delaine. unwashed..  .24  ©  .25 

Ohio  half  blood  combing . 25  ©  .27 

Kentucky,  three-eighths  blood . 25  ©  .2654 

Micnigan.  half  blood . 25  @  .26 

TOBACCO. 

Conn.  broadleaf-Hller . 08  ©  .10 

Fine  wrppcs . 50  @  .60 

N.  Y.  State  Fillers . .05  @  .06 

Fine  and  Selections . 12  @  .16 

Ohio  Zimmer  s  Spanish . 19  @  .20 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 07  @  .0954 

Dark  Loaf . 10  @  .20 

Bright  Cutters . 12  @  .30 


LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 
That  Celebrated  Guernsey  Case.  No.  I.. 

The  Virginia  Hen  Contest . 

Testing  a  Holstein  Cjw . 

Live  Stock  in  Ohio . 

I>ame  Pigs  . 

Mr.  Taylor’s  Side  of  the  Guernsey  Cow 

Case  . 

The  Woman  Hen  Farmer . 

The  Houdan  Birds  . 

That  Cow-Hen  Controversy . 

Express  Rates  on  Eggs . 

Feather  Fulling  . 

Blood  Spots  in  Eggs . 

Those  .$12  Hens . 

A  Chicken  Law . 

Milk  . 

The  Foley  Milk  Bill . 

Sanitary  Milk  Pail . 

Notes  from  the  Dairymen's  League.... 

HORTICULTURE. 

Failure  of  Peach  Buds . 

Pecan  Trees  in  Kansas . 

Dry  Bordeaux  . 

Lime-Sulphur  and  Arsenates . 

Cow  Manure  for  a  Hotbed . . 

The  Fruit  Outlook . 

Educational  Horticulture  in  Virginia., 

New  Plan  of  Tomato  Growing . . 

Who  Produced  the  Abundance  Plum?. 

Is  Oldenburg  Apple  Self- Fertile . 

Flora  of  Puget  Sound . 


504 

504 

504 

504 

504 


506 

508 

508 

508 

508 

508 

508 

508 

508 

509 
509 
509 
509 


492 
49.3 

493 

494 

494 

495 

496 

497 
499 
499 
499 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day .  502 

Doughnuts  and  Crullers .  502 

More  About  Fudge .  503 

Ferns  from  the  Woods .  503 

Chopped  Horseradish  .  503 

The  Rural  Patterns .  503 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Cheap  Paint  .  493 

Products,  Prices  and  Trade .  496 

Editorials  .  500 

Publisher's  Desk  .  510 


MARKETS. 

(  Continued  from  page  507.) 
HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 
Mushroom  market  improved.  Tomatoes 
and  cucumbers  dull. 

encumbers,  best,  doz . 75  ©  1.00 

Common  to  good . 50  @  .60 

Musnrooms,  lb . 20 

Radishes,  UK)  bunches .  2.00 

Rhubarb,  doz  bunches . 25 

Tomatoes,  )b . 05 


©  .40 

@  2  75 
.65 
.10 


© 

© 


LIVE  POULTRY 

There  is  an  active  demand  for  fat  fowls, 
ducks  and  geese  for  the  Hebrew  Passover 
holidays. 

Chickens,  lb . 14  ©  .15 

Fowls . 18  ©  .19 

Boosters . 09  66  .10 

Ducks . 16  06  .18 

Geese . 09  ©  .10 

Turkeys . 12  ©  .14 

DRESSED  POULTRY-— Fresh  Killed 
Fowls  and  fancy  broilers  in  moderate 
supply  and  market  firm. 

Turkeys.  Fancy . 19  @  20 

Commoii  to  Good . 16  @  .18 

Chickens,  fancy  broilers,  lb .  35  @  .40 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 25  ©  .30 

Fowls .  14  @  .16 

Squabs,  doz .  1.75  @4.75 

DRESSED  POULTRY-FROZEN 
Roosters,  ducks  and  geese  very  dull ; 
fowls  firm. 


Turkeys,  best . 

© 

.23 

Chickens,  milk-fed  broilers  . 

. 22 

© 

.25 

© 

.22 

Milk-fed  roasters . 

. 17 

© 

.18 

Corn-fed  roasters . 

© 

.16 

Fowls . 

© 

.15 

Ducks,  best . 

66 

.17 

Common  to  good . 

. 13 

66 

.15 

Geese . 

@ 

.12 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 
Receipts  of  calves  are  large  and  trade 
dull.  Hothouse  lambs  very  plentiful  and 
running  low  in  quality. 


.10 

& 

.ii 

.08 

@ 

.09 

1.00 

‘a 

6.00 

(<jb 

.10 

.117 

fa) 

.08  h> 

.14 

© 

.17 

zerj 

firm  ; 

Medium  to  heavy . 

Roasting  Pigs,  lb . 

HAY  AND  8TRAYV 
Choice  Timothy  and  clover 
lower  grades  dull. 

Hay,  No.  1,  ton . 20.00  ©  21.00 

No.  2 . 18.00  66  19.00 

No.  3 . 14.00  ©  16.00 

Clover  Mixed . 12.00  ©  18  00 

Clover . 11.00  ©  16.00 

Straw,  Rye .  9.00  ©  11.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 8.00  ©  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Most  of  the  native  steers  and  cows  offered 
are  low  grade  and  hard  to  sell.  Calves 
scarce ;  medium  and  upper  grades  selling 
well.  Demand  for  lambs  active. 

Native  Steers.  100  lbs . 6.25  @  6.65 

Oxen  and  Stags .  4.50  ©  5.25 

C°ws .  2.40  @  5.00 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 6.00  @  8.25 

C»6s  . 4.00  ©  5.50 

Sheep,  100  lbs .  4.00  @  4.50 

Lambs .  6.00  ©  7.30 

Hogs . .  @7.50 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.05  ©  ... 

No.  2,  Red . 93  ©  ... 

No.  1  Macaroni . 95  @ 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 49  © 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 35  @ 

Kye . .  @ 

MILL  FEED 

Spring  Bran,  ton .  26.25  ©  27.75 

Standard  Middlings .  27.00  ©  28.00 

Red  Dog .  28.00  @  29.00 

Hominy  Chop .  21.50  ©  22.70 

Linseed  Meal .  34.50  @  35.00 

Corn  Meal .  23.00  ©  24.00 


.53 

.38 

.80 


Spring-halt. 

ricase  let  me  know  what  causes  a  horse 
to  have  the  spring-halt  and  if  these  is  any 
cure  for  it?  s.  J.  B. 

New  York. 

In  some  cases  the  peculiarity  in  action  is 
the  result  of  a  nervous  disorder  (chorea  or 
St.  Vitus  dance)  ;  in  others  it  comes  from 
accident,  or  overstrain.  The  former  type  of 
the  trouble  usually  is  incurable ;  peroneal 
tenotomy  often  succeeds  in  the  other  cases 
and  always  is  worth  trying  if  an  expert  sur¬ 
geon  can  be  employed.  It  consists  in  sev¬ 
ering  the  peroneal  tendon  below  the  hock 
joint  a.  s.  a. 

Pawing. 

I  have  a  horse  which  continually  paws  the 
floor  while  in  the  stable.  I  do  not  under¬ 
stand  the  cause  of  it.  What  can  I  have 
done  to  prevent  his  pawing?  k.  D. 

New  York. 

See  that  the  horse  is  worked  every  day  or 
turned  out  for  abundant  exercise  and  that 
he  is  fed  regularly.  If  the  stall  floor  is  not 
bedded  and  horse  has  to  stand  on  it  all  day 
bo  may  not  care  to  urinate,  and  that  would 
induce  pawing.  Give  him  a  box  stall  and 
bed  with  shavings.  Constipation,  or  worms, 
also  cause  pawing  and  have  to  he  treated. 
If  the  habit  continues  when  possible  causes 
are  removed,  hobbles  may  be  put  on  fore 
feet.  a.  s.  a. 

Pigs  Dying. 

1.  Can  you  tell  what  the  matter  is  with 
two  weeks  old  pigs  when  they  breathe  with 
difficulty?  This  noisy  breathing,  or  heaves, 
is  increased  when  they  exercise.  They  take 
little  food  and  do  not  grow  much.  Three 
out  of  10  have  died  since  they  were  two 
weeks  old,  the  last  being  five  weeks  old. 
The  sow  is  not  fat,  hut  has  been  well  fed 
through  tlie  Winter,  and  her  grain  has  been 
increased  since  the  pigs  were  born.  The 
ration  consists  of  mixed  feed  and  ground 
oats  and  peas  and  a  small  amount  of  corn- 
meal,  with  a  sufficient  amount  of  separator 
milk.  She  had  also  lime,  charcoal,  salt  and 
clover  hay.  2.  What  causes  dysentery  in 
cows  at  this  time  of  year?  Is  it  due 
to  feeding  Red-top  hay?  The  excreta  be¬ 
comes  very  soft.  The  trouble  lasts  about 
two  days  with  each  animal.  The  cows 
shrink  in  milk  during  this  time,  hut  gain 
again  when  it  is  over.  c.  J.  s. 

Vermont. 

1.  Dust  from  the  bedding  is  a  very  com¬ 
mon  cause,  as  it  induces  fatal  pneumonia. 
Dusty  and  chaffy  oat  straw  often  used  for 
bedding  is  a  fertile  source  of  such  troubles. 
Shredded  corn  fodder  makes  a  safe  bed  for 
new-born  pigs.  Overfeeding  and  lack  of  ex¬ 
ercise  are  the  cause  of  “thumps,”  which 
may  he  the  disease  present.  Make  the  sow 
take  lots  of  exercise  before  farrowing  and 
as  soon  as  possible  after  farrowing,  and  do 
not  feed  heavily.  Then  the  pigs  will  not  be 
likely  to  suffer.  2.  Indigestion  from  moldy 
or  otherwise  spoiled  food  or  some  unusual 
food  may  be  suspected  as  the  cause.  Such 
cause  will  have  to  be  determined  and  re¬ 
moved.  Feeding  cotton-seed  meal  tends  to 
check  scours  at  time  of  changing  hay  or 
turning  on  Spring  grass.  a.  s.  a. 

Cars  of  all  makes  bought  and  sold. 

“Hints  to  Buyers  and  SeHers”mailedFree. 

20th  CENTURY  AUTOMOBILE  CO. 

246  West  49th,  near  Broadway,  New  York 


BAR6AINS 


FOR  SALE — Eureka  PotatoPlanter.little used, with 
fertilizer  attachment;  two-horse,  one-row  machine 
in  good  condition.  Two  360-egg  Cyphers  Incubators, 
1907  model,  cheap.  Marcus  M.  Browne,  Marlboro,  Mass. 

JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY. 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 


SHIP  YOUR  CONSIGNMENTS 

- TO - 

GEO.  OLIVER  &  COMPANY 

Established  1SSO 

COMMISSION  MERCHANT8 
WEST  WASHINGTON  MARKET.  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 

PROMPT  RETURNS 


Hothouse  Lambs. 

Calves,  Poultry,  Fancy  Eggs,  Hothouse  Products, 
Fruits,  Vegetables.  Top  prices  secured  for  choice 
goods.  Correspondence  solicited. 

Archdeacon  &  Co.,  100  Murray  St.,  N.  Y. 

Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 


93-95  South  Market  St., 


Boston. 


GKOjP.  HAMMOND.  EST.  1875.  FRANK  W.  GODWIN  U  ETC  D  I II  1  fl  1/  IIIBTRIIUPItTA 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  CO.,  VETERINARY  INSTRUMENTS 


This  Dain  Loader 

Solves  the  Haying  Problem 

As  the  haying  season  draws  near,  even 
though  hired  help  is  scarce  and  the 
weather  threatening,  you  won't  need  to 
worry  if  you  have  a  Dain  Loader.  For  with 
a  Dain  you  can  get  your  hay  onto  your 
wagons  in  quick  order.  It’s  a  real  loader, 
not  a  mere  hay  elevator.  The  Dain  has  a 
force  delivery  that  puts  the  hay  well  for¬ 
ward  on  the  wagon  where  one  man  can 
easily  handle  it.  There  is  no  return 
carrier  to  drag  the  hay  off. 

The  Dain  is  the  one  loader  for  which 
apologies  or  excuses  need  never  be  made. 
Its  mechanical  principles  are  perfect.  It 
is  fractical  down  to  the  smallest  details. 
By  the  overlapping  stroke  of  the  rakes, 
the  ground  is  practically  raked  twice, 
gathering  the  hay  cleanly.  The  hay  is 
picked  up  so  gently  that  the  tender  leaves 
are  unharmed  and  the  stalks  unbroken. 

The  Dain  is  the  lightest  draft  loader; 
All  loaders  claim  lightest  draft.  The 
actual  test  with  the  dynamometer — the 
instrument  that  registers  draft— troves  the 
Dain  is  lightest  draft.  How  far  it  excels 
other  loaders  in  every  way  you  can  readily 
sec  by  reading  these 

Dain  Points  of  Superiority 

Geared  properly  to  rake  cleanly 
and  run  easily 

No  long,  crooked  crank  shaft! 
operated  Ly  swinging  pitmans 
Force  delivery  shoves  the  hay 
well  forward  on  load 
No  return  carrier  to  drag  hay  off 
load 

Saves  one  man’s  labor  over  other 
types  of  loaders 

Supported  entirely  upon  wheels; 
runs  most  easily 

Elevating  parts  hammock 
mounted 

Hinged  tongue  for  coupling  with 
any  height  wagon 

Patent  ed  hinged  board  at  bottom 
to  turn  up  for  windrow 
Nine  gathering  rakes,  each  inde¬ 
pendent.  Can  be  set  any  distance 
from  the  ground 

Geared  to  insure  greatest  liny- 
gathering  efficiency 

Hinged  apron  guides  hay  to  load 
and  prevents  blowing  off 

Caster  wheels  In  rear  permit 
short  turns 

Wheels  set  under  machine;  works 
close  to  fence 

Made  of  the  best  materials  by 
hay  tool  specialists 
In  addition  to  making  this  loader,  we 
make  the  best  hay  tool  for  every  purpose; 
Mowers,  Side  Delivery  Rakes, 
Stackers,  Sweep  Rakes,  Presses,  etc. 
Investigate  our  complete  line.  They’re 
all  remarkably  simple,  efficient,  and  dur¬ 
able— all  the  llnished  product  of  28  years 
of  specialized  hay  tool  experience.  Con¬ 
sult  the  nearest  Dain  dealer  and  write  us 
for  details  of  the  machines  you’re  inter¬ 
ested  In.  We’ll  also  send  you  free,  a 
copy  of  “All  About  Hay,”  the  most 
practical  and  valuable  book  on  the  sub¬ 
ject  ever  written.  Write  today. 

AIN  MFG.  CO. 

)  802  VINE  STREET 
OTTUMWA,  -  IOWA 


s@§i Ml 
1™MI 


Shoe  Boils,  Capped 
Hock,  Bursitis 

are  hard  to  cure,  yet 


AB$ 


will  remove  them  and  leave  no  blem¬ 
ish,  Does  not  blister  or  remove' 
the  hair.  Cures  any  puff  or  swelling.  Horse  can 
be  worked.  $2.00  per  bottle.delivered.Book  6  D  free. 

ABSORBINE,  JR-,  (mankind,  $1.00  bottle.) 
For  Boils,  Bruises,  Old  Sores,  Swellings,  Goitre, 
Varicose  Veins,  Varicosities.  Allays  Pain. 

VI.  F.  YOUNG,  P.  D.  F.,  88  Temple  St.,  Springfield,  Mass. 


Sound  Horses 

made  and  kept  sound  the  world 
over  by 

IlHNN’S 

v*  OINTMENT 

Note  the  sign.  Price  $  1 .00  per 

Bottle.  Of  druggists  or  by  mail. 
Testimonials  free  for  the  asking. 

W.  B.  Eddy  &  Co.,  Whitehall,  N.Y. 


Commission  Merchants  and  Dealers  in  all  kinds  of 
COUNTRY  PRODUCE,  Apples,  Peaches,  Ber 
ries  Butter,  Eggs,  Ciieese,  Poultry.  Mushrooms 
and  Hot  house  Products  a  Specialty.  Consignments 
solicited.  34  «&  36  Little  lath  ,8t„  New  York. 

P'OR  SALE— Farm  of  150  acres,  13-room  house, 
x  three  barns,  other  outbuildings,  fruit,  R.  F.  D. 
and  telephone.  Price  $2,200;  $1,000  cash,  the  balance 
on  time.  HALL’S  FARM  AGENCY,  Owego, 
Tioga  County,  New  York. 


(Trocars,  Hopples,  Impregnators) 
for  Horses,  Cattle,  Swine,  Poultry, 
Etc.  Received  only  award  World’s 
Fairs  Chicago,  St.  Louis.  Write  for 
Illustrated  Catalogue  HAUSMANN  8 
DUNN  00..  392  So.  Clark  St..  CHICAGO,  ILL. 


tjf)  APfP<\  ‘SPLENDID  LAND  with  good  build- 
iuu  mil  co  ings  and  12  acres  apples  in  Wayne 
County,  N.  Y.  Catalog  of  100  others  free. 

NORTHERN  REALTY  CO.,  Syracuse.  N.  Y. 


F 


Roofing  For 
An»  Building 


_  Slate— which  you  see  on  all  substan¬ 
tially  constructed  buildings—  on  roofs  i 
of  Schools,  Churches,  Club  Houses  and  ' 
other  Public  Buildings;  which  you  admire  for  its* 
appearance  and  lasting  service— is  easy  and  inexpen¬ 
sive  to  use  on  your  home,  barn  or  out-buildings. 

Sea  Green  and  Purple 

Roofing  Slate 

is  never  affected  by  climatic  changes— it  cannot  warp, 
crack,  splinter,  rust  or  decay.  It  is  the  only  roofinpr  that 
1  never  needs  paint  or  repairs;  that  will  outlast 
I  the  building  upon  which  It  is  laid. 

Sea  Green  and  Purple  Roofing  Slate  improves 
r  your  property,  lowers  fire  insurance  costs,  in¬ 
sures  pure,  clean  cistern  water;  is  ten  times 
better  than  galvanized  iron;  wears  three  times 
longer  than  copper,  (which  costs  moro  than 
slate);  wears  ten  times  longer  than  shingles 
and  four  times  longer  than  tin. 

Don’t  allow  tho  misleading  low  first  cost  of 
cheap  roofings  keep  you  from  having  a  roof  of 
slate  which  lasts  forever. 

rreo  Booklet  Upon  Request 
I  Our  booklet  “Roofs’*  contains  many  valu- 
\  able  hints  on  roofing  that  every  home  owner  < 
and  builder  should  know  about.  Simply 
tell  us  the  name  of  your  nearest  roofer  and 
your  copy  will  bo  mailed  free. 

The  American  Sea  Green  Slate  Co. 

Roofs  That  Never  Wear  Out ” 

110  Clark  Street 
Granville,  N.Y. 


Yorkshire  Pigs  From  Registered  Stock 

LOUIS  A.  HOLT,  North  Andover,  Mass. 

Bred  fg  J^gy  Dustin  Strain  W.  Wyandottes  and 


$1.00  per  15. 


Parks  Strain  Barred  Roci-s.  Eggs, 

H.  R.  STARNER,  Corning,  N.  Y. 


S.  C.  W,  LEGHORN  EGGS  FOR  HATCHING 


15  for  $1.50,  $7.00  per  100. 

‘  ch 


old  hen*,  $2.00, 
If  nv>re  than  foui 


Baby  Chicks,  15c.  each 
Pens  headed  by  choice  cockerels  direct  from  D.  W. 
Young.  E.  M.  YOUNG,  Edenville,  N.  Y. 

BABY  CHICKS— Single  Comb  White  Leghorns, 
Rose  Comb  Rhode  Island  Reds,  10c  and  12c  each. 
Strong  and  livable.  From  vigorous  free  range  stock, 
bred  for  utility  and  standard  qualities.  Safe  delivery 
guaranteed.  WESLEY  GR1NNELL,  Sodus,  N.  Y. 

S.C.  WHITE  LEGHORNIS 

Cockerels,  $l.r»oj  **  ’  ' 
chicks,  8c.  each, 
chicks  are  dead 
to  each  100  you 
buy,  when 
reaching  your 
express  office,  I 
will  make  good 
the  loss.  Cata¬ 
log  about  chick  „ — 

feeding  and  diseases  fiee. 

C.  M.  Lauver.  Box  73,  Richfield, Pa. 

S.  C  W*UTE  LEGHORNS,  Barred  Plymouth  flocks, 

,  7.  *  Mammoth  White  Pekin  Ducks,  Stock 

hatchingeggs,  chicks,  ducklings.  Circular  Est.1904 
Abovo  Poultry  Farm,  Chatham,  Morris  Co.  N.  J. 

C  P  RUFF  ORPINGTON  EGGS  S1.50  and  53.00-Setting 
O.  U.  u  run  of  pens  $10.00  per  100.  Satisfaction 
guaranteed.  EZRA  C.  LEHMAN.  Sharon  Sprinos,  N.  Y. 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  0RPINCT0NS 

Kellerstrass  strain.  Eggs  for  hatching,  $3.00  per 
15;  from  prize  winning  stock.  W.  A.  KAISER, 
_ 2703  Jamaica  Ave.,  Richmond  Hill,  L.  I. 

Cfif}Q~KVKKK1>  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS, 

L  U  UO  Mammoth  Bronze  Turkeys, Pearl  Guineas, 
„  T,  .  ABh  Tndian  Runner  Ducks.  Write  for 
Free  Price  List.  POPLAR  LAWN  FARMS.  West  Falls,  U.  Y. 

RIANT  RRRN7F  TURKEY  EGGS,  $3.00  per 

UIHI1I  DnUllLL  10;  Rose  Comb  R.  I.  Red 
Eggs,  $1.00  per  15:  Indian  Runner  Duck  Eggs.  $1  00 
per  10.  SHROPSHIRE  SHEEP. 

H.  J.  VAN  DYKE,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

PRIZE  WINNING  STRAINS !  WS 

dottes,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  both  combs,  Single 
Comb  White  and  Brown  Leghorns,  eggs  $1.50,  15; 
$7.00,  100.  Light  and  Dark  Brahmas,  $2.00,  15  Cat- 
alog  gratis.  F.  M,  PRESCOTT,  Riverdaie,  N.  J; 

KEAN’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTES 

Bred  for  large  size,  heavy  laying  and  fancy  pur¬ 
poses.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  setting;  $5.00per  100,  for  re¬ 
mainder  of  season.  Address 

E.  FRANKLIN  KEAN  ....  Stanley,  N.  Y. 

Him  Lake  Poultry  Farm 

WliiteWyandotte  Chicks,  $12  per  100.  Eggs,»5per  100. 

WHITE  EGG  STRAIN  INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS-Thor- 

oughbred,  vigorous  birds.  Wonderful  layers 
of  large  white  eggs;  muted  with  imported  drakes, 
well  marked,  fawn  and  white;  $2.00  for  15;  Buff 
Orpingtons,  $1.50  for  15.  Liberal  discount  for  incu¬ 
bator  eggs.  Cherry  Hill  Farms,  Pittstown.  N.  J. 

WYCKOFF- BLANCHARD  strains  Single-Comb 
White  Leghorns,  $1.25  setting.  Heavy  laying 
Rose-Comb  Black  Minorcas,  $1.50  setting.  Circular 
HIGH  RIDGE  POULTRY  FARM,  Laurel.  MiY 

WHITE  ORPINGTONS,  Cook  strain;  Eggs  for  hatching, 
"  8'2'per  15;  Cockerels,  $3  each ;  Mammoth  Pekin 
Duck  Eggs,  $1  per  12.  WAVERLEY  FARMS.  Haymarket.  Va. 

WHITE  WYANDOTTES  EXCLUSIVELY 

Free  range,  extra  good  winter  laying  strain,  $1  00  p< 

15  eggs;  $5.00  per  100.  F.  CYRUS  TWINING,  Pineville,  P 

FARM  SUPT.  OR  WORKING  MANAGER,  Ger- 
A  man,  47,  married,  wants  position  on  Grain  and 
Dairy  Farm;  good  reference  and  experience. 

A.  JENDRICKE,  Elmsforii,  N.  Y. 


ier 


For  Sale-400  Acres 

R.R.  Alfalfa  soil,  fine  timber,  splendid  water  power* 
M.  Williams,  1317  East  Genesee,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


17  miles  from  Syracuse, 
near  Ontario  &  Western 


Wanted — Young  Man  and  sister  on  poultry  farm: 
best  references.  Poultry,  P.  O..  Paterson,  N.  J. 

DLL  ASK  send  a  trial  shipment  to  tho  Oldest  Com- 
*  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter 
Eggs,  Poultry,  Pork,  Calves,  Hay,  Grain.  Beans! 
Apples,  etc.  E.  II.  WOODWARD,  302  Greenwich  8t.,  N.Y. 


JELLIFFE.  WRIGHT  &  COMPANY, 

Commission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York, 
Poultry,  Eggs,  Meats,  Produce.  Shipments  Solicited. 


612 


the  RURA.E  NEW-YORKER 


April  15,  1911. 


Guarantee 

of  the  running  gear  to  be  made 
Ot  triple  A  grade  Straight  / 
\  Grained  Split  Hickory — the  // 
\  same  grade  exactly  as  // 
iJl  this  spoke  which  I  send  // 
w  \  unpainted  as  a  sample  /jp 
ipPa  of  the  material  used  / J' 
with  every  buggy  // 


Try 

This 

Buggy 

-30 

Day 

Free 

Road 


PERHAPS  you  are  afraid  there  is  a  chance  of  being 
dissatisfied?  Maybe  you.  think  there  maybe  some 
mistake — that  you  wouldn’t  get  the  buggy  you  want — 
or  that  it’s  a  complicated  transaction?  Perhaps 
the  dealer  in  your  town  has  led  you  to  believe 
you  will  be  cheated,  or  that  you  can’t  save 
money?  Let  us  tell  you  something!  Buying 
from  a  factory  by  mail  through  this  adver¬ 
tisement  of  Phelps,  maker  of  Split  Hickory 
Vehicles,  is  the  safest,  most  economical, 
easiest  and  most  satisfactory  way.  You 
get  just  the  Buggy  you  want,  made  to  order 
—just  as  you  want  it.  You  can’t  run  the 
slightest  risk.  First,  because  Phelps  and  his 

big  factory  are  behind  every  claim  he 
makes.  Second,  because  every  paper, 
in  which  he  advertises,  knows  him  to 
be  responsible,  knows  he  fulfills  every 
statement  he  makes  and  that  he  protects 
their  subscribers,  or  they  wouldn’t  run 
his  advertisements. 


it  Hickory 

Vehi  ' 

All  trade-marked  Vehicles— Phelps  is  proud  of  his  buggies.  He  stands  back  of  them. 
You'll  be  proud  to  own  a  Split  Hickory  Vehicle — the  highest  grade  that’s  made.  Auto 
Seat  Buggies,  Runabouts,  Surreys,  Carriages,  Driving  Carts,  Spring  Wagons,  etc. 
Phelps  puts  the  best  materials  into  his  buggies — triple  A  grade  straight  grained  Hickory 
in  wheels  and  running  gear.  Why  consider  any  other  buggy?  Phelps  gives  you  the  most 
for  your  money  in  every  part — in  workmanship  as  well  as  material. 

When  you  get  your  buggy  you  get  a  sample  spoke  unpainted.  Phelps  guarantees  every 
wheel  to  be  made  of  the  same  straight  grained  second  growth  Shellbark  Hickory  as  the  sample  spoke. 

You  can’t  afford  not  to  know  about  the  buggies  Phelps  makes — and  his  big  money  saving 
proposition.  Save  $25  to  $75  on  your  buggy  according  to  the  style  of  vehicle  you  buy.  Send  for 
the  book  that  tells  you  about  this  big  saving. 


Manufacturer  of  Trade-Marked 
Split  Hickory  Vehicle* 


Phelps  Free  Buggy I 
Book  For  1911 

It’s  his  only  salesman.  No  dealer  or  middleman 
of  any  kind  has  ever  had  a  cent’s  profit  on  a  single  one 
of  the  125,000  vehicles  Phelps  has  sold  on  this  plan. 
He  has  taken  off  the  price  all  of  these  profits  and  given 
them  to  his  customers.  This  buggy  book  is  a  big  dis¬ 
play  room  showing  125  styles  of  vehicles  of  every  kind. 
More  than  you  could  find  in  ten  big  towns  or  25 
dealers’  stores. 

In  this  Book  for  1911  he  takes  one  of  his  Vehicles 
and  tears  it  all  to  pieces  in  a  lot  of  photographs,  show¬ 
ing  you,  together  with  full  descriptions — all  about  every 
part  of  a  buggy — how  it  should  be  made — what  it  should 
be  made  of — and  Phelps  knows. 

Why  not  get  acquainted  with  this  method  of  doing 
business?  Why  not  get  acquainted  with  Phelps?  The 
book  doesn’t  cost  you  anything — he  sends  it  free. 
You  are  under  no  obligations  to  buy.  All  of  his  Vehi¬ 
cles  are  sold  subject  to  30  days’  free  road  test — with  a 
two  years’  guarantee.  You  should  have  his  proposition. 
You  need  the  book  as  a  reference  on  buggies.  Why 
not  write  a  postal  for  it  today? 

H.  C.  PHELPS,  President 

The  Ohio  Carriage  Mfg.  Co. 

Station  290,  Columbus,  Ohio 

Largest  Factory  in  the  World  Selling  Vehicles  Direct  to  Consumer. 


125  Styles  of 
Vehicles  of  Every 
Kind.  A  Postal  Brings 
This  Book  FREE 


Have  You  Ever 


Mail? 


Bought  a  Buggy  2 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4095. 


NEW  YORK,  APRIL  22,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR 


HOW  TO  PRUNE  FRUIT  TREES. 
Open  Center  on  Pacific  Coast. 

We  are  preparing  a  series  of  articles  which  will  show 
just  how  practical  fruit  growers  prune  a  tree.  These  re¬ 
ports  will  come  from  various  parts  of  the 
country,  for  we  have  found  that  the  practice 
varies  greatly  with  different  conditions. 

The  first  report  comes  from  Oregon — writ¬ 
ten  by  Mr.  W.  Iv.  Newell : 

Pruning  a  tree,  like  training  a  child, 
must  begin  at  the  beginning,  and  be 
carried  on  systematically.  The  tree  must 
not  be  neglected  for  three  or-  four  years, 
then  cut  and  slashed  to  “bring  it  into 
shape.”  We  have  two  general  systems 
of  training  the  apple  tree  here  in  the 
Northwest,  the  center-stalk  or  leader 
system,  and  the  open-center  or  vase¬ 
shaped  tree.  Each  has  its  earnest  ad¬ 
vocates,  and  each  is  followed  more  or 
less  faithfully,  according  to  the  skill  of 
the  operator  in  attaining  his  ideal.  But 
no  matter  which  plan  is  followed,  the 
foundation  is  invariably  the  same ;  a 
straight,  well-grown  one-year-old  tree. 

No  commercial  orchardist  here  ever 
thinks  of  buying  a  two  or  three-year- 
old  tree,  as  the  yearling  transplants  bet¬ 
ter,  grows  faster,  and  it  can  be  headed 
at  the  right  height.  Pruning  should  be¬ 
gin  before  planting  by  cutting  off  all  dry 
or  bruised  ends  of  roots,  or  any  gnarled 
and  crooked  roots,  leaving  them  four  to 
six  inches  long,  and  pointing  outward 
and  downward  in  as  natural  a  position 
as  possible.  When  the  tree  is  set  as  it 
should  be,  two  inches  lower  than  it  stood 
in  the  nursery,  and  the  dirt  well  firmed, 
begin  the  pruning  of  the  top  by  cutting 
it  off  18  to  20  inches  above  the  ground, 
being  careful  to  leave  the  top  bud  turned 
toward  the  prevailing  Summer  wind.  If 
there  should  be  any  side  limbs  below 
this  cut  head  them  in  to  two  inches.  If 
the  lower  buds  start  to  grow  rub  them 
off  in  June  or  early  July,  leaving  the 
upper  five  or  six.  No  further  pruning 
is  necessary  then  until  the  next  Spring. 

The  second  year  pruning  depends  upon 
whether  you  are  going  to  follow  the 
leader  or  the  open-center  system.  We 
will  consider  the  leader  plan  first. 

Choose  from  three  to  five  of  the  best 
placed  limbs,  removing  the  others,  and 
head  them  back  to  one-half  to  one- 
third  of  their  original  length,  according 
to  the  vigor  of  the  growth ;  leave  the 
most  central  one  from  four  to  six 
inches  longer  than  the  others. 

The  third  year  select  two  or  three 
limbs  for  each  one  of  the  branches  left 
the  year  previous,  cutting  out  all  others,, 
and  head  them  back  the  same  as  before 
to  one-half  or  one-third  of  their  length. 

Still  maintain  the  leader  and  balance 
the  top  carefully.  This  should  give  a 
sturdy  vigorous  frame  on  which  to  build 
the  future  tree,  and  the  following  years 
the  Winter  pruning  should  be  largely 
confined  to  thinning  out,  leaving  the 
heading  back  to  be  done  in  the  Summer. 

There  can  be  no  hard  and  fast  rule  for 
this,  but  conditions  must  govern.  The 
vigorous-growing,  light-producing  trees 


must  be  heavily  pruned  in  Summer,  while  the  slow- 
growing,  heavy  bearers  should  be  cut  but  lightly  in 
Summer.  Climatic  conditions  must  be  considered  as 
well  as  the  growth  of  the  tree.  Here  in  the  Pacific 
Northwest,  in  the  region  lying  west  of  the  Cascade 


FIVE-YEAR-OLD  APPLE  TREE  HEADED  BACK  IN  AUGUST 
PREPARING  A  WELL-BALANCED  TOP.  Fig.  172. 


Mountains,  we  must  Summer-pfune  heavily,  and  the 
proper  time  is  about  August  15.  East  of  the  Cascades 
much  less  Summer  pruning  is  needed,  and  the  season 
for  it  is  a  little  earlier.  By  judicious  Summer  pruning 
the  small  twigs  along  the  main  branches  can  be  headed 
back  ajid  made  to  form  fruit  spurs  the 
entire  length  of  the  branch,  no  matter 
what  the  general  plan  of  shaping  the  tree 
may  be,  and  this  is  the  supreme  object 
to  be  attained.  By  preventing  the  growth 
of  long  spindling  branches  we  can  keep 
the  tree  compact,  close  to  the  ground, 
and  bearing  a  well  distributed  load  of 
fruit  over  its  entire  surface. 

The  open-center  tree  is  for  the  care¬ 
ful  orchardist  usually  the  most  satis¬ 
factory  metlfod  of  training,  but  it  must 
be  supplemented  by  some  method  of 
propping  or  tying  to  support  the  limbs 
when  they  become  heavily  loaded.  For 
the  first  year  the  treatment  is  exactly 
the  same  for  the  open-center  trees  as 
for  the  leader  system ;  but  at  the  begin¬ 
ning  of  the  second  season,  in  pruning, 
only  three  branches  should  be  left,  and 
the  leader  is  removed.  These  three 
branches  should  balance  as  nearly  as 
possible,  but  should  not  start  from  the 
tree  at  the  same  height.  The  third  sea¬ 
son  five  or  six  of  the  best  limbs  should 
be  left  growing  upright,  forming  as 
nearly  as  possible  a  circle  around  the 
op<?h  center,  and  treated  as  leaders  each 
one;  that  is,  their  side  limbs  cut  back, 
and  the  center  one  forced  ahead.  This 
plan  must  be  followed  until  the  desired 
height  is  reached,  when  the  tree  is 
allowed  to  develop  naturally,  but  care  is 
taken  at  all  times  to  keep  the  limbs  cut 
out  of  the  center.  Naturally  a  tree 
pruned  this  way  is  not  so  well  able  to 
support  itself  as  it  would  be  with  the 
leader  system,  but  the  advantage  comes 
in  the  greater  amount  of  bearing  sur¬ 
face  that  can  be  kept  close  to  the  ground 
and  at  the  same  time  thoroughly  ex¬ 
posed  to  the  sunlight.  Some  kind  of 
artificial  support  is  necessary,  and  is  best 
provided  by  using  a  soft  tarred  yarn 
rope  that  is  now  manufactured  for  the 
purpose,  and  looping  these  upright  limbs 
together  clear  around  the  circle.  This 
soft  rope  will  not  injure  the  tree  in  the 
least,  and  it  will  last  at  least  three 
years.  By  placing  them  on  at  the  time 
the  tree  begins  to  bear  they  will  last 
long  enough  for  the  tree  to  attain  suf¬ 
ficient  growth  to  be  self-supporting. 

w.  K.  NEWELL. 


SAME  TREE  PRUNED  TO  OPEN  CENTRE  IN  FEBRUARY.  Fig.  173. 


LIME  IN  A  MANURE  SPREADER. 

If  we  clearly  understand  what  W.  H. 
P.,  Mumford,  N.  Y.,  wants  to  know, 
page  433,  it  is  the  best  and  least  expen¬ 
sive  way  he  can  apply  a  carload  of  lump 
lime  on  his  soil,  at  the  rate  of  1,000  to 
1,500  pounds  per  acre,  at  the  same  time 
distribute  uniformly  equal.  Thinking 
our  method  of  applying  about  5,000 
bushels  (200,000  pounds)  burned  lime 
on  Crowell  Farm  might  help,  I  gladly 
give  it,  for  at  best  the  job  is  very  annoy¬ 
ing  and  unpleasant.  Having  burned  the 


L 


614 


lime  on  our  own  farm,  as  soon  as  the  kiln  was  suffi¬ 
ciently  cool  we  began  by  taking  the  lumps  and  with  a 
two-pound  knapping  hammer  reduced  to  sizes  3)4  inch 
and  smaller.  Then  with  a  manure  spreader  set  at 
two  loads  per  acre,  with  the  bed  about  one-half  full 
of  waste  from  a  straw  stack,  we  loaded  on  one-half 
the  amount  of  lime  we  desired  per  acre,  weighing  the 
first  load.  Driving  to  field  we  distributed  as  if 
manure,  allowing  the  reel  or  beaters  to  run.  We 
found  little  or  no  inconvenience,  though  we  left  off 
the  lime  hood.  Allowing  time  for  these  small  lumps 
of  lime  to  slake  thoroughly,  we  went  once  over  with 
spike-tooth  harrow,  then  with  disk  harrow.  This  quite 
thoroughly  mixed  the  lime  with  the  soil  and  was  a 
part  of  the  preparation  of  soil  for  the  crop  that  was  to 
follow,  the  field  having  been  previously  well  plowed. 
Now  should  a  rain  come  before  you  harrow,  don’t 
worry,  only  wait  until  the  soil  is  fit  to  work;  as  the 
lumps  are  small  and  well  distributed  you  will  have 
no  trouble.  The  slaked  lumps  will  have  dried  out, 
will  readily  crumble  and  complete  the  even  distribu¬ 
tion.  One  ordinary  man  can  easily  break  the  lumps 
of  lime  and  help  in  loading,  as  lump  lime  breaks  up 
in  small  pieces,  requiring  light  blows  only. 

Hamblen  Co.,  Tenn.  o.  p.  n.  fox. 


BUILDING  UP  MARYLAND  SOIL. 

I  have  a  farm  of  about  45  acres,  clay  loam  with  gravel 
in  places.  It  has  not  been  sown  to  seed  for  about  eight 
years,  although  a  good  deal  of  volunteer  clover  comes  up 
in  Spring.  I  have  thought  of  planting  the  best  spots  in 
tomatoes,  potatoes  and  corn,  the  remainder  or  thinner 
spots  in  peas.  Could  as  good  results  be  obtained  by 
broadcasting  fertilizer  on  land  as  putting  it  in  the  hill  for 
tomatoes?  If  so,  fiow  much  would  you  use  in  either  case? 
When  I  lay  the  crop  by  I  would  like  to  sow  something 
that  would  make  a  good  cover  crop  to  turn  under  another 
-Spring.  What  would  you  advise?  w.  h.  s. 

Galloways,  Md. 

If  you  are  near  a  railroad  the  best  thing  you  can 
can  do  will  be  to  get  the  stable  manure  from  Balti¬ 
more  and  reinforce  it  with  acid  phosphate  and  potash, 
say  100  pounds  of  acid  pl#>sphate  and  20  pounds  of 
sulphate  of  potash  to  a  ton  of  manure.  This  can  be 
used  broadcast  with  good  effect  on  the  crops  and  the 
improvement  of  the  land.  Then  put  the  little  farm 
into  a  regular  rotation  of  crops.  Make  three  fields 
of  it,  one  field  for  the  vegetables  and  corn.  Follow 
these  with  oats  and  seed  the  land  to  clover.  Mow  the 
clover  for  feed  one  season,  and  the  following  Winter 
get  on  it  all  the  manure  you  can  make  from  feeding 
the  hay  and  corn  stover,  and  turn  it  for  the  truck 
and  corn  with  additional  purchased  manure  and  fer¬ 
tilizer.  This  means  that  each  of  the  three  fields  will 
in  turn  get  the  manure  and  fertilizer,  and  in  this  way 
you  can  build  up  the  whole  farm.  You  can  this  season 
sow  Crimson  clover  seed  after  the  truck  crops  and 
have  a  good  Winter  cover.  Of  course  in  the  start  of 
a  rotation  you  will  have  to  plant  the  fields  without 
regard  to  previous  crops,  but  then  stick  to  the  rota¬ 
tion.  Use  commercial  fertilizers  liberally  on  the  oats, 
so  that  the  clover  will  have  a  good  chance.  By  fol¬ 
lowing  something  of  this  sort  you  can  build  up  the 
farm  to  a  high  state  of  productiveness.  The  main 
object  is  to  get  humus-making  material  into  the  soil, 
especially  on  the  gravelly  spots,  which  in  your  county 
are  apt  to  be  deep  and  leachy.  You  can  probably  get 
manure  in  Baltimore  more  cheaply  than  we  get  it 
down  here,  but  we  make  it  pay  to  use  New  York 
manure  at  a  cost  of  $2.90  on  the  switch.  This  is 
largely  freight  of  course,  for  we  are  225  miles  from 
New  York,  and  you  are  only  a  short  distance  from 
Baltimore.  w-  F-  massey. 


LIME  FROM  ACETYLENE  GAS  PLANTS. 

Can  you  tell  me  if  the  refuse  from  making  acetylene  gas 
can  be  used  for  making  Bordeaux  Mixture  or  for  other 
purposes  for  which  ordinary  lime  is  recommended? 

B.  R. 

I  can  find  no  record  of  the  refuse  lime  from  an 
acetylene  gas  plant  being  used  to  neutralize  blue  vitriol 
in  making  Bordeaux  Mixture.  Calcium  carbide  has 
been  pretty  thoroughly  tested  in  Europe  as  an  in¬ 
secticide  on  grape  root  insects,  without  injury  to  the 
vines  and  very  little  injury  to  the  insects.  The  refuse 
from  an  acetylene  gas  plant  has  been  analyzed  by  the 
R.  I.  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  (Annual  Re¬ 
port  for  1900,  page  288)  and  showed  62%  of  calcium 
oxide.  I  know  of  instances  where  the  refuse  has 
been  dried  and  used  on  land  same  as  air-slaked  lime 
with  good  results,  but  have  never  had  an  opportunity 
to  test  same  for  making  Bordeaux  Mixture.  The 
method  of  freeing  the  acetylene  gas  from  the  lime  in 
use  in  most  plants  at  present  surely  leaves  the  lime 
well  hydrated,  and  I  see  no  reason  why  it  would  not 
neutralize  blue  vitriol  as  well  as,  if  not  better  than,  the 
dry  hydrated  lime.  The  amount  of  the  refuse  lime 
to  be  used  in  preparing  Bordeaux  Mixture  could  be 
determined  by  the  use  of  the  yellow  prussiate  of  pot¬ 
ash  test.  An  excess  of  the  lime  will  do  no  harm. 


THE  RUR.A.I*  NEW-YOKKER 

The  method  of  using  the  “test”  is  as  follows :  First, 
dissolve  a  teaspoonful  of  the  crystals  of  yellow 
prussiate  of  potash  in  a  pint  bottle  of  water.  Second, 
dissolve  required  amount  of  blue  stone  in  a  half  barrel 
of  water,  or  add  stock  solution  of  the  blue  stone  to 
the  half  barrel  of  water  and  stir.  Third,  thin  the 
gas  lime  to  the  consistency  of  a  good  whitewash. 
Fourth,  pour  one  or  even  two  pailfuls  of  the  thinned 
refuse  into  the  dilute  blue  vitriol  solution  and  stir; 
pour  a  drop  or  two  of  the  yellow  solution  from  the 
bottle  into  the  mixing  barrel;  if,  when  these  drops 
strike  the  mixture  in  the  barrel  they  change  color 
from  yellow  to  brick  red,  add  more  of  the  dilute 
refuse,  stir  and  test  again.  Continue  to  do  this  until 
when  a  drop  of  the  yellow  prussiate  of  potash  solu¬ 
tion  is  added  it  disappears  without  change  of  color, 
the  mixture  is  complete;  but  no  harm  will  result  if 
more  of  the  refuse  lime  is  added.  F.  A.  S. 


WAS  SOIL  OR  FERTILIZER  AT  FAULT? 

I  submit  my  first  experiment  with  artificial  fertilizer 
and  ask  your  opinion.  Am  I  at  fault,  or  the  fertilizer? 
I  am  a  market  gardener ;  my  soil  is  a  heavy  clay,  of  the 
kind  which  gets  of  the  consistence  of  a  good  grade  of 
putty  when  wet,  and  when  dry  it  takes  a  sledge  hammer 
to  break  a  clod  of  it.  It  is  in  good  fertility,  made  so  by 
use  of  a  large  quantity  of  barnyard  manure,  and  is  well 
under-drained,  but  of  late  years  barnyard  manure  is  get¬ 
ting  scarce,  so  last  Summer  I  began  experimenting  with  arti¬ 
ficial  fertilizer.  I  got  the  fertilizer  a  few  days  after  I 
had  planted  my  early  cabbage,  latter  part  of  April,  and 
here  I  started  in  by  sowing  it  broadcast  with  full  hand 
over  the  cabbage  patch  about  as  thick  as  when  I  had 
sown  oats,  but  three  rows  I  left  without.  It  was  put  in 
with  a  hand  cultivator.  The  weather  being  cold  the 
cabbage  made  little  headway.  Two  weeks  later  I  sowed 
it  over  again,  but  used  almost  as  much  again  as  the  first 
time.  The  three  rows  received  none.  It  was  again  put 
under  with  hand  cultivator,  the  weather  being  still  cold, 
and  the  cabbage  made  but  little  growth,  and  no  difference 
could  be  seen  between  fertilized  and  the  three  rows  which 
had  received  none.  In  June,  as  the  weather  had  become 
warm  and  the  cabbage  had  a  good  stand,  I  went  over  it 
again  with  fertilizer.  This  time  I  scattered  it  in  between 
the  rows.  I  used  about  a  handful  for  every  three  plants 
and  ran  it  in  with  a  horse  cultivator.  The  three  rows  re¬ 
ceived  none.  From  this  time  on  I  could  see  the  fertilized 
part  got  ahead  of  the  three  rows,  and  it  made  cutting 
heads  eight  or  10  days  before  the  non-fertilized,  but  they 
were  no  bigger.  The  eight  or  10  days  earliness  did  not 
pay  for  my  labor  and  the  cost  of  the  fertilizer.  I  also 
tried  it  on  beets  and  carrots,  by  sowing  half  of  the  patch 
over  with  fertilizer  and  left  the  other  half  without,  but 
no  difference  could  be  seen.  My  soil  is  poor  potato 
ground ;  however,  I  planted  three  rows  and  in  the  two 
rows  I  used  about  half  a  handful  of  fertilizer  to  the  hill, 
the  one  row  received  none.  The  soil  being  very  rich 
from  barnyard  manure,  put  on  the  year  previous,  the 
potatoes  grew  immensely  during  the  hot  and  moist 
weather  in  June,  but  no  difference  could  be  seen  until 
the  vines  stood  about  two  feet  high.  Then  I  noticed  some 
had  a  darker  color  than  others.  I  said  to  myself :  "There, 
now,  the  fertilizer  begins  to  show  its  effect,”  but  to  my 
great  astonishment  I  found  it  was  the  one  row  that  had 
no  fertilizer  which  looked  best;  in  the  crop  no  difference 
could  be  seen.  J-  J - 

Port  Clinton,  O. 

On  the  tag  of  this  fertilizer  we  find  the  following: 

1.2  per  cent  ammonia. 

8  per  cent  available  phos.  acid. 

8  per  cent,  potash. 

1  per  cent  insoluble  phos.  acid.  * 
(Animal  and  mineral.) 

“ The  kind  that  brings  results.” 

This  fertilizer  did  not  “bring  results.”  It  is  a  fine 
thing  to  try  to  learn  why.  All  we  can  do  is  to  guess 
at  it  and  state  what  seems  most  probable.  As  that 
soil  contains  much  stable  manure  it  did  not  need  more 
organic  nitrogen.  It  did  need  soluble  nitrates  and  prob¬ 
ably  phosphoric  acid.  The  clay  soils  are  not  usually 
lacking  in  potash.  What  was  wrong? 

First,  the  soil  itself.  This  kind  of  a  soil  which 
runs  from  putty  to  solid  chunks  rarely  gives  returns 
from  the  use  of  fertilizer.  Stable  manure  shows  itself 
because  that,  when  plowed  or  harrowed  into  such  a 
soil,  keeps  it  open  and  porous  and  in  better  condition. 
A  small  amount  of  fertilizer  scattered  on  suen  soil 
cannot  give  such  results  because  it  is  not  worked  all 
through  it,  and  does  not  open  it  as  the  manure  does. 
That  soil  should  be  heavily  limed  with  burned  lime. 
That  would  break  up  these  lumps,  open  the  soil  and 
give  it  far  better  grain  or  quality,  so  that  good  ferti¬ 
lizer  would  have  a  better  chance. 

Next,  we  do  not  think  the  fertilizer  was  high  grade. 
The  chances  are  that  the  small  amount  of  ammonia 
which  it  contains  was  obtained  from  tankage,  muck 
or  some  other  material  which  was  not  as  available  as 
the  manure  left  in  the  soil.  Such  soil  is  naturally  wet 
and  cold,  and  this  form  of  ammonia  did  not  feed  the 
crop'  until  the  weather  got  warm.  Had  there  been 
nitrates  or  soluble  nitrogen  in  that  fertilizer  the  cab¬ 
bage  would  have  started  off  earlier  and  made  a  far 
better  growth.  We  feel  sure  that  nitrate  of  soda  would 
have  made  a  great  difference  in  the  crop.  This  is  a 
good  illustration  of  what  you  get  in  buying  a  ferti¬ 
lizer  with  only  one  per  cent  of  ammonia.  You  are 
practically  sure  to  get  low-grade  insoluble  material 
when  doing  so.  For  a  trucking  crop  we  would  never 
buy  less  than  three  per  cent  o*  nitrogen. 


April  22, 

We  cannot  explain  the  behavior  of  the  potatoes 
except  that  perhaps  an  extra  heavy  lot  of  manure  was 
put  in  former  years  on  this  place.  This  old  manure 
would  act  like  other  forms  of  organic  nitrogen — not 
become  available  until  the  soil  warmed,  and  then  push 
the  crop  on  rapidly. 


A  PROBLEM  IN  DRAINAGE. 

The  title  L.  L.  D.  as  applied  to  farming  (Legumes, 
Lime  and  Drainage),  three  essentials  required  for  suc¬ 
cess,  are  all  comparatively  easy  to  be  obtained  with  the 
occasional  exception  of  the  latter,  for  as  a  rule  where 
everything  is  favorable  the  work  of  thorough  drainage 
presents  no  difficulty  other  than  earnest  and  persistent 
effort  on  the  part  of  those  interested.  Where  a  good 
outlet  is  available  on  one’s  own  property,  and  the  land 
requiring  drainage  is  suitably  located  for  the  required 
fall  and  a  free  flow  of  water,  it  is  a  very  easy  thing 
to  overcome,  and  good  results  are  pretty  sure  to  fol¬ 
low.  It  sometimes  occurs,  however,  where  a  deep  de¬ 
pression  or  “sag”  exists,  in  which  a  large  body  of 
water  accumulates  from  the  surrounding  uplands,  suffi¬ 
cient  to  destroy  vegetation  and  prevent  any  effort  for 
cultivation,  such  a  place  is  an  eyesore,  with  not  much 
hope  for  improvement.  For  many  years  such  condi¬ 
tions  existed  on  my  farm,  remaining  a  paradise  for 
muskrats,  frogs  and  blackbirds,  the  only  vegetation 
being  cattails,  flags  and  coarse  water  grass,  with  the 
water  remaining  nearly  or  quite  half  the  Summer. 
This  was  attended  with  this  discouraging  feature,  no 
possibility  of  drainage,  with  insufficient  fall  or  outlet 
on  the  same  farm.  There  had  long  existed,  however, 
on  an  adjacent  farm,  an  open  ditch,  giving  evidence 
that  perhaps  an  outlet  could  be  secured  for  the  purpose 
in  view,  provided  permission  were  granted  by  the 
owner,  which  was  in  due  time  secured.  After  close 
examination  regarding  fall,  etc.,  we  were  encouraged 
to  attempt  the  work,  arid  even  with  the  slight  fall  it 
was  considered  sufficient  for  the  purpose.  This  was 
20  or  more  years  ago.  After  40  or  50  rods  of  ditch, 
including  four  rods  across  the  highway  between  the 
two  farms  and  extending  entirely  across  the  depres¬ 
sion  referred  to,  a  four-inch  tile  was  laid.  The  final 
result  was  not  w.hat  we  had  hoped,  as  it  was  found 
that  such  a  large  accumulation  of  water  could  not 
find  its  way  into  the  tiles  in  time  to  save  a  crop 
wholly,  though  there  was  an  evident  improvement,  and 
though  it  remained  in  this  condition  for  several 
years,  we  had  not  entirely  given  up  hope  that  even¬ 
tually  success  would  be  secured. 

Later  we  adopted  the  following  method  that  has 
proved  a  perfect  success,  and  of  course  it  is  a  con¬ 
tinual  source  of  peculiar  satisfaction,  that  all  so  well 
understand  who  have  had  similar  experience.  In  the 
first  place  we  decided  that  the  tile  were  not  of  the 
size  required  to  remove  so  large  a  body  of  water  in 
time  to  save  a  crop;  accordingly  they  were  replaced 
with  six-inch,  and  then,  too,  instead  of  extending  them 
entirely  across  the  depression,  depending  on  the  water 
finding  its  way  into  the  tile  entirely  through  the  joints, 
they  were  discontinued  at  the  lowest  point  in  the  de¬ 
pression,  where  we  placed  a  20-inch  sewer  pipe  in  an 
upright  position,  the  top  of  the  same  remaining  about 
even  with  the  surface  of  the  ground.  At  the  lower 
edge  of  the  sewer  pipe  it  was  so  shaped  as  to  allow 
the  six-inch  tile  properly  to  fit  into  it,  also  other 
similar  places  for  smaller  tile  to  enter  from  other  por¬ 
tions  of  the  field.  It  was  but  a  few  days  ago,  follow¬ 
ing  a  thaw  and  severe  rainstorm,  that  this  depression 
resembled  a  miniature  lake,  with  water  in  some  por¬ 
tions  two  feet  or  more  in  depth,  but  in  48  hours  it 
had  entirely  disappeared,  forcibly  illustrating  that 
water  will  find  its  way  directly  into  the  end  of  a  six- 
inch  tile  more  freely  and  in  much  less  time  than  is 
required  to  force  its  way  through  the  soil  and  joints 
of  the  tile.  While  the  latter  may  be  all  right  for  or¬ 
dinary  drainage,  it  has  been  learned  that  the  conditions 
discussed  above  require  a  different  and  we  may  say,  a 
more  heroic  treatment.  As  before  noted,  this  system 
has  been  in  operation  for  several  years,  with  its 
abundant  crops  of  wheat,  oats,  grass,  etc.,  all  regularly 
attesting  to  the  profitable  results  to  be  obtained  by  the 
system  of  perfect  drainage  only;  for  the  required  fer¬ 
tility  is  already  there,  and  has  been  for  many  years, 
merely  awaiting  the  conditions  required  by  man’s  de¬ 
velopments.  IRVING  D.  COOK. 

Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y. 

No  more  skunk  farming  in  New  York.  During 
each  year  at  least  100  people  write  asking  advice  about 
raising  skunks  for  their  fur.  We  do  our  best  to 
keep  them  out  of  the  business,  but  they  have  read 
somewhere  about  the  great  profits  in  skunks,  and  it 
is  hard  to  hold  them.  Now  the  State  of  New  York 
comes  in  and  says  that  skunks  shall  not  be  “possessed” 
or  killed  between  March  15  and  November  1. 


Give  the  horses  plenty  of  water  and  cool  off  their 
shoulders  often  when  they  start  hard  work. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL*  NEW-YORKER 


616 


REPAIRING  OLD  APPLE  TREES. 
Surgical  Treatment  with  Cement. 

The  following  article  is  not  intended  for  a  scientific 
explanation  of  the  principles  of  expert  tree  surgery, 
but  rather  to  show  what  has  been  and  can  be  done  in 
repairing  old  apple  trees  that  many  people  think  are 
beyond  help.  In  doing  this  work  nothing  is  required 
beyond  a  good  saw,  mallet,  chisel  and  a  small  scraper 
made  of  a  piece  of  three-eighths  inch  iron  flattened  at 
one  end  and  bent  at  right  angles  for  the  purpose  of 
scraping  out  the  rotten  wood  and  chips  from  cavities. 
For  the  cementing  a  small  trowel  is  essential  for  good 
work. 

No.  1,  Fig.  174,  shows  the  stubs  on  one  tree,  and 
No.  2  shows  the  same  tree  one  year  later.  You  will 
notice  that  the  new  growth  is  pushing  out  around  the 
edges  of  the  painted  cut  and  a  little  nearer  the  center 
you  may  distinguish  the  cement  with  which  the  cavity 
is  filled.  The  spot  below  on  the  tree  shows  where  a 
three-fourths  inch  hole  was  bored  to  intersect  the 
cavity.  After  the  cavity  had  been  treated  and  dried 
out  the  cavity,  including  the  auger  hole,  was  cemented 
up  and  the  surface  later  well  painted.  While  this 
cut  will  probably  never  heal  over,  being  nine  inches 
across,  the  treatment  has  added  at  least  10  years  to 
the  life  of  the  tree.  From 
cavities  like  this  we 
drained  as  much  as 
three  quarts  of  water 
when  making  the  re¬ 
pairs.  Some  of  these 
stubs  may  appear  sound, 
but  may  be  badly  de¬ 
cayed  and  full  of  insects 
under  the  surface  ;  in  fact 
the  decay  does  not  be¬ 
come  apparent  until  it 
has  progressed  far 
enough  under  the  sur¬ 
face  to  allow  the  surface 
to  fall  out  or  in. 

No.  3  shows  a  tree 
that  has  a  cavity  extend¬ 
ing  from  the  upper 
cavity  to  the  ground. 

This  is  an  extremely  bad 
case,  but  this  tree,  after 
being  taken  care  of,  has 
given  us  two  crops  of 
apples,  either  one  being 
sufficient  to  pay  all  the 
expense  of  repair,  arid 
the  tree  is  good  for  a 
long  time  yet.  Contrary 
to  theories  the  fruit  from 
this  tree  was  first-class. 

No.  4  shows  another 
extreme  case  in  which 
the  cavity  was  so  exten¬ 
sive  as  to  leave  less  than 
half  the  tree  trunk  of  a 
tree  which  had  a  vigor¬ 
ous  top.  Ordinarily  I 
would  put  the  rough 
stone  in  the  middle  of 
the  cavity,  finishing  with 
smooth  cement,  but  the 
trunk  was  weak  for  the 
top,  and  we  built  out  the 
cement  with  the  stone  to 
give  greater  body  and  strength.  Later  on,  as  the  tree 
gets  in  better  shape,  the  rough  stone  may  be  broken 
off  and  the  surface  properly  finished. 

No.  5  shows  a  bad  case  of  trimming,  where  two 
large  limbs  had  been  cut  off  near  their  union,  about 
18  inches  from  the  trunk.  The  outer  mark  on  the 
stub  shows  where  I  would  have  made  the  cut  in  the 
first  place,  and  the  lower  mark  where  the  cut  was 
actually  made.  A  further  examination  of  the  tree  after 
the  stub  was  cut  off  showed  that  there  was  a  cavity 
below  the  cut,  which  extended  down  the  body  of  the 
tree  a  foot.  Properly  cleaning,  cementing  and  paint¬ 
ing  this  cut  put  the  tree  in  good  condition.  The  pic¬ 
ture  shows  also  some  short  stubs  of  smaller  limbs  have 
been  left  to  decay,  and  while  nature  is  making  a  great 
effort  to  close  these  places,  if  the  cut  had  been  prop¬ 
erly  made  in  the  first  place,  the  cut  would  have  been 
healed  long  ago,  but  now  the  injury  extends  probably 
a  foot  down  the  body.  I  usually  cut  off  these  projec¬ 
tions  close  to  the  tree  and  treat  them.  While  this 
makes  a  larger  cut,  with  proper  treatment  it  will  close 
the  cut  properly  and  be  in  a  healthy  condition.  Some 
people  advocate  cutting  off  the  limbs  where  the  ring 
shows  near  the  junction,  but  this  is  not  to  be  relied 
upon,  and  all  cuts  should  be  made  as  near  the  body  as 
possible,  making  it  easier  for  the  new  growth  to  cover. 

Ihere  is  one  class  of  tree  injury  that  is  quite  com¬ 
mon  and  one  of  the  most  serious.  It  is  an  injury  on 


the  trunk  of  the  tree;  perhaps  it  may  arise  from 
something  breaking  the  bark  close  to  the  ground  and 
the  bark  recedes  a  short  distance,  perhaps  at  first  the 
hand  would  cover  the  entire  place,  which  if  neglected 
will  permit  insects  and  fungi  to  enter,  and  the  outer 
wood  weathers  hard  while  the  deadly  work  may  be 
going  on  inside.  It  will  not  be  noticed  until  the  in¬ 
jured  place  may  be  enlarged  from  the  inside  and 
gradually  extends  upward  and  backward.  I  have  one 
extreme  case  of  such  an  injury,  the  decay  having 
gradually  extended  upward,  and  .the  bark  on  one  of 
the  large  limbs  has  now  become  seriously  affected. 
The  tree  is  nearly  a  wreck,  but  even  this  tree  may  be 
saved  for  some  years  by  cleaning  out  the  cavity  thor¬ 
oughly  and  cementing  or  painting  it  as  may  be  deter¬ 
mined  on.  In  this  connection  I  wish  to  say  that  where 
the  trunk  of  a  tree  is  in  such  bad  condition  that  it  is 
obvious  that  filling  the  cavity  with  cement  will  not 
close  it  effectually  against  water  and  insects,  I  paint 
and  keep  painted  the  surface  of  the  cavity  inside,  un¬ 
less  it  is  necessary  to  give  the  tree  the  additional  sup¬ 
port  of  the  cement  filling.  In  some  cases  I  have  had  the 
cavity  has  passed  directly  through  the  tree  trunk, 
but  with  strong  healthy  wood  all  around  the  cavity, 
in  which  case  if  the  cement  filling  would  not  be  effec¬ 
tive  in  the  way  of  preserving  the  trunk  from  insects 


and  disease,  applying  the  paint  is  the  better  treatment. 

Many  trees  are  cracked  at  the  junction  of  the  limbs 
either  from  a  load  of  fruit  or  a  storm.  These  cracks 
I  close  by  putting  one  or  two  bolts  through  at  the 
most  effective  place.  In  doing  this  cut  the  bark  away 
from  where  the  head  and  burr  of  the  bolts  will  bear 
before  you  put  in  the  bolts,  for  if  the  bark  is  left 
when  the  burr  is  drawn  up,  the  bark  will  be  puffed 
up  for  some  distance  around  them  and  it  will  make  it 
much  more  difficult,  if  not  impossible,  to  heal  over  the 
bolt  ends,  which  are  well  waxed  or  painted  to  pro¬ 
test  the  injury.  Trees  that  are  cracked,  where  from 
the  spreading  nature  of  the  limbs  it  is  impossible  to 
use  a  bolt  to  pull  them  up,  I  put  two  loops  of  strong 
galvanized  wire  around  two  of  the  limbs  at  a  suit¬ 
able  distance  up  and  after  putting  some  pieces  ol 
board  under  the  wire  where  it  is  against  the  limb,  I 
take  a  piece  of  stick  or  iron  bar  as  a  turnbuckle  and 
twist  the  wires  together,  which  draws  up  the  limbs 
and  closes  the  crack,  which  is  then  thoroughly  waxed 
or  cemented  to  prevent  water  and  insects  from  en¬ 
tering.  Finally  all  cement  work  is  thoroughly  painted 
when  dry,  and  I  aim  to  keep  it  painted  as  long  as 
exposed.  Many  old  trees  that  the  owner  considers 
too  far  gone  for  repair  may  be  rejuvenated  and  made; 
to  last  many  years  by  a  little  intelligent  repair  work, 
which  will  give  us  immediate  returns  in  more  and 
better  fruit.  Any  ordinary  tree  will  pay  for  the  ex¬ 


pense  and  work  done  on  it,  in  one  season,  and  it  is 
wonderful  what  nature  will  do  if  we  give  her  a  little 
assistance  along  this  line.  g.  a.  watt. 

Ohio. 


GRAPES  OR  APPLES— WHICH  ? 

I  am  planning  to  buy  a  small  fruit  farm  In  this  section, 
and  am  uncertain  whether  to  invest  In  a  vineyard  or  in 
an  apple  orchard.  As  you  well  know,  western  New  York 
is  famous  for  both,  so  that  it  is  a  matter  of  choosing 
which  is  the  more  profitable.  Assuming  that  both  proper¬ 
ties  are  first-class  as  regards  condition,  cultivation,  and 
age  and  variety  of  fruit,  in  which  would  you  say  the 
greater  profits  seem  to  be  promised  for  the  next  five  or 
10  years?  There  is  less  territory  in  which  grapes  can  be 
successfully  grown  on  a  commercial  scale,  and  the  recent 
establishment  of  two  new  grape  juice  factories  in  this 
locality  will  doubtless  increase  the  demand.  Grapes  seem 
to  be  more  easily  cared  for  than  apples,  but  on  the  other 
hand  the  latter  can  be  sold  on  the  trees,  which  is  some¬ 
times  an  advantage.  It  is  difficult  for  a  greenhorn  to 
decide,  and  I  would  greatly  appreciate  your  opinion  on  the 
matter. 

Erie  Co.,  N.  Y. 

It  may  be  hard  for  a  greenhorn,  but  it  would  be 
just  as  difficult  for  the  most  ripened  head  to  decide 
without  knowing  the  man.  For,  in  the  end,  it  will  go 
past  the  matter  of  grapes  or  apples,  and  be  determined 
by  the  man  who  makes  the  investment.  That  is  what 
many  “back  to  the  landers”  seem  to  forget.  Since 
January  1  we  have  been  interviewed  by  at  least  150 

city  people  who  think  of 
leaving  a  city  job  and 
going  to  the  country  to 
buy  a  farm.  After  talk¬ 
ing  half  an  hour  with 
them  we  should  say 
that  farm  success  was 
impossible  for  at  least  90 
of  them.  Their  talk  and 
their  appearance  showed 
at  once  that  they  knew 
nothing  about  life  in  the 
country.  Their  habits 
had  unfitted  them  for 
the  hard  and  persistent 
work  required  to  make 
a  home  on  a  piece  of 
land.  Some  of  them  re¬ 
sented  a  frank  opinion 
that  they  would  be  bet¬ 
ter  off  to  remain  where 
they  are.  It  would  be 
both  foolish  and  cruel  to 
shout  “Back  to  the  land” 
to  such  people  and  urge 
them  without  any  re¬ 
serve  to  move  to  ,the 
country.  Among  the  150 
we  have  talked  with 
were  about  40  who 
could,  if  they  tried, 
make  a  good  living  in 
the  country  and  would 
probably  be  better  off 
there.  The  difference 
was  not  so  much  one  of 
size  and  strength  but  of 
spirit  and  endurance, 
courage  and  that  indefi¬ 
nite  quality  which  we 
call  “common  sense.” 

In  the  case  mentioned 
above  we  do  not  know 
whether  “D.”  has  ever 
handled  fruit,  or  whether 
his  knowledge  comes  from  observation.  Grape 
growing  is  a  very  different  proposition  from 
orcharding.  Personally  we  would  prefer  the  apple 
orchard,  while  it  would  be  easy  to  find  a  dozen  men 
who  greatly  prefer  the  grapes.  So  back  of  it  all  stands 
the  personal  inclination  of  the  man  and  his  ability  to 
do  certain  kinds  of  work.  The  “Back  to  the  land”  man 
does  not  usually  think  of  these  things,  yet  if  he  works 
in  a  large  store  or  factory  he  must  see  that  work  in 
one  department  is  very  different  from  that  in  another. 
This  is  a  good  question  for  discussion,  and  we  will 
try  to  get  expert  fruit  growers  to  give  all  sides  of  it. 
Which  do  you  prefer,  apple  or  grape  culture — and 
why  ?  _ 

I  am  glad  to  see  that  you  keep  up  the  Interest  In  the 

discussion  on  the  producer’s  share  of  tTie  consumer’s 
dollar.  There  is  one  phase  of  this  matter  that  I  have 
not  seen  touched  upon.  In  many  sections  of  Ohio,  and  I 
have  no  doubt  the  same  is  true  of  many  other  States, 
fully  75  per  cent  of  the  men  who  actually  farm  the  land 
do  not  own  the  land  which  they  work.  A  very  large 
per  cent  of  the  farming  of  this  State  is  one  form  or  an¬ 
other  of  tenant  farming.  When  these  men  figure  their 
share  of  the  consumer’s  dollar  the  share  which  the  land¬ 
lord  gets  must  come  out  first.  w. 

That  is  a  good  point  to  discuss.  If  the  man  who 
does  the  work  must  take  35  cents  of  the  consumer's 
dollar  and  then  turn  15  cents  or  more  over  to  the 
owner  of  the  farm,  there  will  not  be  much  left  for  his 
wife.  We  want  the  exact  figures  from  some  of  these 
tenants.  It  will  be  good  to  compare  their  income  and 
the  cost  of  their  crops  with  the  items  from  farmers 
who  are  workers  and  land  owners  combined. 


SURGERY  AND  CEMENT  IN  THE  APPLE  ORCHARD.  Fig.  174. 


&1Q 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


April  22, 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[Every  quer>  must  be  accompanied  by  the  name 
and  aduress  of  the  writer  to  insure  attention.  Be¬ 
fore  asking  a  question,  please  see  whether  it  is  not 
answered  in  our  advertising  columns.  Ask  only 
%  few  questions  at  one  time.  Put  questions  on  a 
operate  piece  of  paper.] 


Crops  for  a  Garden. 

S.  T.  H.,  Johnstown,  Pa. — Last  Septem¬ 
ber  and  October  as  I  dug  potatoes  I  sowed 
Sand  or  Hairy  retch  for  a  cover  crop.  The 
ground  is  covered  so  thick  that  you  cannot 
see  any  hare  earth;  it  is  from  four  to  six 
inches  tail.  I  shall  plow  this  Spring.  What 
would  be  the  most  profitable  crop  to  plant 
on  this  plot,  sweet  corn,  tomatoes,  cucum¬ 
bers,  strawberries,  beans,  peas?  Which  of 
these  crops  will  give  me  the  best  yields  from 
this  patch  of  vetch?  I  can  give  it  a  coat 
of  lime  or  manure.  Which  would  you  ad¬ 
vise? 

Ans. — We  could  not  answer  such  a 
question  without  knowing  what  crops 
sell  best  in  your  market.  With  us  in 
New  Jersey  the  following  would  pay: 
Take  part  of  the  land  for  strawberries. 
Plant  the  rest  to  a  succession  of  peas 
from  early  to  late.  Put  the  rows  wide 
apart  and  as  the  peas  are  picked,  or 
when  the  time  is  right,  plant  sweet  corn, 
tomatoes  and  cucumbers  between  the 
rows  of  peas.  Pull  the  pea  vines  after 
picking  and  give  clean  culture  to  the 
other  crops.  Use  manure  if  you  can. 

Fruit  Trees  in  Sod. 

A.  J.  F.,  Sauquoit,  N.  Y. — I  am  going  to 
set  out  apple  trees  this  Spring,  mostly  near 
to  the  line  fences  of  my  farm.  The  larger 
part  will  be  in  mowing.  I  intend  to  adopt 
for  them  the  mulch  system.  What  kind  of 
fertilizer  would  be  best?  I  have  a  quantity 
of  wood  ashes,  how  would  it  do  to  use  ashes 
and  ground  bone  with  a  heavy  mulch  of 
coarse  manure?  If  this  treatment  would 
answer  what  amounts  of  each  would  be  best 
to  use  per  tree,  and  would  it  be  right  to  mix 
both  with  the  soil  at  time  of  setting  the 
trees?  Also,  would  the  same  treatment  an¬ 
swer  for  cherry  and  plum  trees  set  where 
they  will  be  cultivated? 

Ans. — Wood  ashes  and  bone  make  a 
good  mixture  for  all  sorts  of  fruit  trees. 
We  should  use  three  pounds  of  the  ashes 
to  one  of  bone.  Do  not  try  to  mix  be¬ 
fore  using.  The  fine  ashes  will  not  mix 
well  with  the  coarser  bone.  Scatter  the 
ashes  over  the  ground  around  the  tree 
and  follow  with  the  bone.  Spade  or  hoe 
up  a  circle  around  the  trees  after  plant¬ 
ing  and  then  put  on  the  manure — not 
close  up  to  the  tree  but  a  little  out  from 
it.  Use  four  pounds  of  the  mixture  to 
each  young  tree.  The  hoeing  or  spading 
will  mix  in  the  ashes  and  bone.  Cut 
the  grass  and  pile  it  on  top  of  the 
manure. _ 

Sme  Apple  Notes. 

I  was  rather  amused  at  C.  E.  B.’s  esti¬ 
mates  of  expense  in  growing  an  orchard, 
page  458.  He  must  have  been  an  earmark 
for  a  tree  agent  to  give  50  cents  each  for 
apple  trees,  for  I  can  get  as  good  trees  as 
I  want  to  plant  for  10  cents.  Then  it  cost 
$75  to  plow  and  harrow  10  acres  of  land. 
How  could  farmers  make  a  living  at  that 
rate?  I  think  I  could  prepare  the  10  acres 
in  first-class  manner  for  $20.  Then  he 
paid  10  cents  a  tree  for  fertilizer  (I  sup¬ 
pose  that  is  what  he  means  by  “phosphate”) 
the  first  year,  and  it  cost  10  cents  to  set  a 
tree.  Awfully  poor  work  that.  And  now 
with  an  orchard  10  years  old  it  has  been 
nothing  but  expense,  and  he  thinks  it  must 
be  expense  for  some  years  yet.  Now  it 
seems  to  mo  that  unless  he  has  planted  a 
variety  like  the  Northern  Spy  that  does 
take  a  long  time  to  get  in  bearing,  the 
orchard  could  be  giving  fruit  enough  to  pay 
expenses  before  it  is  10  years  old.  Then, 
too,  in  all  these  10  years  he  could  have 
been  growing  vegetable  crops  between  the 
young  trees,  and  leaving  a  legume  Winter 
cover  on  the  land,  and  could  at  least  have 
paid  all  the  expenses  of  cultivating  and  car¬ 
ing  for  the  orchard.  Certainly  it  can  be 
done  here,  if  not  in  New  England.  This 
Winter  Stayman  apples  that  run  the  same 
size  all  the  way  through  the  barrel  (for  I 
have  bought  them)  are  retailing  here  for 
80  cents  a  peck,  from  orchards  in  Delaware 
that  are  not  10  years  old,  and  the  dealers 
say  they  sell  so  fast  that  they  cannot  keep 
in  them.  And  1  will  guarantee  that  the 
orchards  where  these  apples  grow  have  paid 
their  way  from  the  start.  I  suppose  that 
C.  E.  B.  must  have  got  some  one  to  grow 
the  orchard  for  him,  and  paid  him  fine 
prices  for  everything.  Mr.  Van  Deman  is 
right  in  saying  that  the  bulk  of  an  apple 
orchard  on  this  peninsula  should  be  Stay- 


man  and  Winesap  so  far  as  Winter  sorts 
are  concerned.  But  it  is  also  the  experi¬ 
ence  of  the  growers  that  the  early  Summer 
apples  have  been  more  and  more  profitable 
every  year  in  spite  of  considerable  planting 
of  Summer  fruit,  but  for  eating  purposes  I 
would  rather  have  a  Peninsula  grown  Stay- 
man  than  a  dozen  of  the  showy  turnip- 
flavored  apples  that  come  from  Oregon. 
.Tust  now  (April  6)  they  are  coming  out 
of  cold  storage  considerably  browned,  and 
evidently  have  been  there  too  long. 

Maryland.  w.  F.  massey. 


Treatment  of  Kaffir  Corn. 

Will  some  one  tell  how  to  plant,  culti¬ 
vate  and  harvest  a  crop  of  Kaffir  corn? 
IIow  far  apart  should  stalks  stand  in  the 
row?  Can  the  fodder  be  fed  to  horses,  or 
is  it  possible  to  turn  it  under  for  humus? 

Eakles  Mills,  Md.  c.  w.  d. 

Kaffir  corn  can  be  grown  just  as  you 
would  grow  sorghum  or  broom  corn.  The 
rows  can  be  made  four  feet  apart  and  the 
plants  left  stand  a  foot  apart.  The  Kaffir 
corn  has  the  one  advantage  that  it  will 
succeed  in  drought  better  than  Indian  corn, 
and  hence  is  adapted  to  the  semi-arid  West. 
In  Washington  County,  Maryland,  the 
Indian  corn  is  worth  a  great  deal  more, 
and  the  fodder  from  Indian  corn  is  far 
better  than  that  from  any  of  the  non¬ 
saccharine  sorghums  like  Kaffir  corn,  and 
in  your  section  you  can  grow  a  far  heavier 
crop  with  Indian  corn.  w.  F.  massey. 

Turnips  and  Clover. 

I  sowed  your  favorite  combination  of 
Cow-horn  turnip,  Crimson  clover  and  rye 
in  my  orchard  last  Summer,  but  owing  to 
the  drought  it  made  very  poor  growth,  so 
that  at  this  writing  (April  1)  I  have  no 
cover  crop  worth  turning  under.  The  clover 
is  just  beginning  to  show  signs  of  growth 
now,  and  I  am  undecided  whether  to  plow 
the  orchard  now  or  leave  it  for  a  few 
weeks  till  the  clover  has  made  a  little 
growth  this  Spring.  Would  it  pay  to  let  it 
grow  a  few  weeks,  do  you  think?  J.  e. 

Rhode  Island. 

We  should  let  the  crop  grow  if  it  is  to 
be  plowed  under  to  help  the  orchard.  By 
May  1  there  will  probahly  be  a  fair  growth 
there.  Of  course,  if  the  land  is  wanted 
for  an  early  crop,  you  will  have  to  plow 
it  at  once,  but  if  not,  let  it  grow  a  few 
weeks. 


“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 


LAND  LIME 

$3.50  PER  TON 

Land  I.ime  is  finely  pulverized:  ready  to  drill; 
needs  no  slaking:  is  easy  to  handle;  contains  one- 
third  Quick  Lime  and  two-thirds  Carbonate  of 
Lime.  It  contains  more  lime  than  marl  or  ground 
limestone  or  Hydrated  Lime.  It  will  not  injure 
new  seeding. 

Land  Lime  is  the  cheapest  fertilizer  you  can 
buy.  One  ton  of  Land  Lime  will  set  free  the  high- 
priced  fe.  tilizers  that  are  locked  up  in  the  soil. 
Land  Lime  warms  and  sweetens  sour  soils.  (Most 
of  our  soils  are  sour,  as  is  shown  by  the  presence 
of  moss  and  sorrel  grass.)  I.and  Lime  aids  the 
decomposition  of  humns  and  loosens  up  the  clay 
soils.  I.and  Lime  will  increase  the  yield  of 
Clover,  Alfalfa,  Cabhages,  Timothy.  Beets,  etc. 

I.and  Lime  is  absolutely  necessary  for  Alf  n  If  a. 
Yon  cannot  grow  Alfalfa  without  lime  and  Alfalfa 
is  the  best  paying  crop  on  the  farm.  It  is  the  only 
forage  crop  that  will  take  the  place  of  grain. 

Write  for  circulars  and  samples. 

THE  SOLVAY  PROCESS  COMPANY 

SYRACUSE,  /V.  V. 


SALESMEN  WANTED 


TO  HELL  TREES 
AM)  PLANTS 


Free  outfit.  Commission  paid  weekly.  Write  for 
terms.  PERRY  NURSERIES, Rochester,  NewVork 


ONION  SEED 


of  the  Highest 
Germination 


Yellow  Danvers,  Yellow  Globe  Danvers,  Australian 
Brown,  Southport  Yellow  Globe,  81.00  lb.  Large  Bed 
Wethersfield,  Prizetaker.  8110  lb.  Postpaid. 

ONION  SETS. — Fancy  Yellow  Danvers,  Eastern  Grown, 
$2.00  budiel. 

Write  for  Catalog-  and  Free  trial  pkt.  of  New  Enk- 
huizen  Glory  Cabbage. 

J.  AUG,  DRAKE,  Seedsman 
100  Main  Street,  -  •  Chester,  N.  .1. 


Surplus  Berry  Plants “ST fflaJSS 

Snyder,  2,000,000  Strawberry  Plants;  500  bushels 
Hastings  Potatoes;  Currants,  Gooseberries, Grapes, 
Asparagus,  Rhubarb,  Roses,  Vegetable  Plants,  etc. 
Send  for  free  catalogue  and  Surplus  List. 

L.  J.  FARMER,  Box  20.  PULASKI  N.  Y. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 


Guaranteed  true 
to  name  and  good 
as  grown,  $1.50  per  1,000  and  up.  Descriptive  ilTust. 
catalog  free.  G.  K.  BUNTING,  Selby  vllle, Del. 


THE  APPLE  BUSINESS 

Is  a  sure  thing — if  you  have  the  right  kind  of 
a  tree.  People  may  plant  too  many  oranges 
but  the  good  old  apple  is  a  sure  thing.  The 
time  to  get  in  with  that  hillside  is  right  now 
— this  Spring. 

There  is  some  discussion  about  the  best 
aged  tree  to  plant.  Some  want  big  trees  and 
some  little  whips.  We  have  them  all! 

The  size  is  a  matter  of  opinion  but  every¬ 
body  agrees  that  the  health  and  life  of  the 
tree  is  more  important.  We  put  life  and 
health  in  our  trees — or  they  doit  themselves. 

They  grow  in  strong  ground  with  no 
check  from  start  to  finish  and  with  a  long 
fall  season  to  harden  and  ripen  their  woods. 

They  are  sound,  free  from  disease  and 
ready  to  grow.  Every  variety  you  want 
and  every  tree  right. 

The  Catalog  tells  all  about  it. 

HARBISON’S  NURSERIES,  Box  IS,  BERLIN,  MD. 


Poor  Corn  is  dear  at  any  price. 
Good  Corn  is  cheap  at  any  price. 

Then  why  not  buy  the  best  even  if  it  does  cost  a 
little  more  ?  Our 

Eureka  Ensilage, 
Sheffield,  Stickmey, 
and  Longfellow 

flint  varieties,  have  a  reputation 
back  of  them  that  means  something. 

EUREKA  ENSILAGE 

has  a  record  of  64  tons  per  acre. 

SHEFFIELD  PRIZE 
FLINT 

has  a  record  of  123.8  bushels 
of  CRIB  DRY  corn  per  acre. 

This  corn  won  the  first,  the  only 
first,  prize  for  the  heaviest  yield  of 
flint  corn  per  acre,  at  the  New 
England  Corn  Show  held  in  this 
city  in  1910.  Isn’t  it  worth  some¬ 
thing  to  have  seed  with  such  a  repu¬ 
tation  back  of  it?  Suppose  you  in¬ 
crease  your  yield  but  one  bushel  per 
acre.  That  alone  would  pay  the 
increased  cost  of  the  seed;  but  think 
of  120  bushels  per  acre  when 
you  have  been  growing  on  an 
average  of  not  over  40  bushels. 
WHAT  HAS  BEEN  CAN  BE.  Do 
not  be  content  with  30  or  40  bushels.  Try 
to  have  100  bushels  at  least.  You  can  do 
it  with  proper  seed  and  up-to-date  ways. 
SPECIALIZE.  Do  not  try  to  grow 
forage  and  grain  both  in  the  same  field. 
If  you  do  you  will  make  a  failure  of  both. 

Send  for  our  1911  Seed  Book,  which 
tells  you  all  about  the  prize  winning  kinds. 
It  is  free,  whethef  you  buy  any  corn  or  not. 

ROSS  BROS.  CO., 

13  Front  Street,  Worcester,  Mass. 


DONT  FAIL  TO  PLANT 

SOME  OF  THE 

Meadozvvale  Gladioli 

THIS  SEASON. 

Write  for  Free  Illustrated  Catalogue  at  once. 

ARTHUR  COWEE 

Meadowvale  Farm,  Box  54,  BERLIN,  N.  Y. 


(1AI4 1  I  AO— TWENTY  kinds  (my  selection)  $1. 
UMnLiHO  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Write  for 
full  particulars.  H.  F.  BURT,  Taunton.  Mass. 

MILLIONS  OF  FLOWERING 

and  Decorating  Plants  of  all  kinds,  including  Early 
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ALONZO  J.  BRYAN.  Wholesale  Florist,  Washington.  N.  J 


Black's  Peach  Trees-1911 


,  Peach  Trees  are  one  of  our  specialties — we«| 

2Tmv  f°r  <7uatity  anti  not  quantity  alone.  Our  I 
j  trees,  however,  cost  little,  if  any,  more  than  the* 
Tjjr  ordinary  sort — we  employ  no  agents,  but  selj^ 
direct, saving  middleman's  profits.*  r  ■  ■  » 

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AT  VERY 
LOW  PRICES 

Apples  .  .  .  $15.00  per  lOO 
Peaches  ...  $8.00  per  lOO 

Cherries  ...  $10.00  per  lOO 

Strictly  First-Class  Stock,  Government  In¬ 
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great  nnrsery  belt  of  Ontario  Comity. 

ONTARIO  NURSERY  CO.,  Inc. 

GENEVA,  N.  Y.  Box  No.  21 

EAR  CAI  P— Cow  Peas,  $2.50  to  $3.00  bushel; 
rUn  OMLt  Crimson  Clover  Seed,  $8.50 bushel: 


Black-Eyed  Peas,  $3.00  bushel. 

JOSEPH  E.  HOLLAND  . 


Milford.  Del. 


DREER’S 

GARDEN  BOOK 

Standard  book  of  its  kind 
for  nearly  73  years.  1911 
edition  enlarged  to  288 
pages.  Nearly  1,000  illustra¬ 
tions,  eight  color  and  duo- 
tone  plates.  Describes  over 
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Seeds,  600  kinds  of  Vege¬ 
tables,  2,000  kinds  of  plants. 

Hundreds  of  Cultural  Articles 

by  experts,  telling  plainly  just  how  to  grow  the 
best  flowers,  plants  and  vegetables.  Sent  free 
to  anyone  mentioning  this  publication. 

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OLYMPIC  NATURE  NURSERY 

Rhododendrons,  Madrouas, Oregon  Grapes,  Huckle¬ 
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.  .  FOR  SALE . . 

Columbian  Raspberry  Plants 

$1.00  per  100  $3.00  per  500 

$5.00  per  1000 

J.  K.  MICKELSEN,  Oaks  Corners,  N.  Y. 

ELI  LOT  US 


The  choicest  and  one  of  tho  best  soil  restorers  known. 
We  have  a  fine  lot  of  seed  that  we  can  retail  at  less 
than  ordinary  wholesale  prices.  Our  seed  is  hulled, 
yellow  blossom.  GUARANTEED  TO  GROW.  This 
plant  is  also  a  splendid  preparation  for  alfalfa. 

All  northern  grown,  guaranteed  to  be 
99  per  cent  pure  and  free  from  dodder. 
Write  for  free  sample. 

THE  WING  SEED  COMPANY 

BOX  833  MECHANICSBURG,  OHIO 


ALFALFA 


PEACH  TREES 


ELBEKTA,  CABMAN,  HIKI.JEY,  and  all  the 

leading  varieties  at  prices  that  will  save  yon  money. 
We  have  APPLE,  PEAR,  PLUM,  and  other  varieties  of 
fruit  trees  also.  Catalog  free. 

BARNES  BROS.  NURSERY  CO.  KiTtiw 


Our  Proof  to  date  after  years  of  service  is  that 
we  can  save  you  not  only  money,  but  disap¬ 
pointment  when  your  trees  begin  to  fruit, 
This  Proof  will  be  submitted  with  our  new 
catalog — ask  for  it  today.  *  *  *  *  * 


1911 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


017 


AN  OX  TROTTER. 

The  recent  articles  in  The  R.  N.  Y.  re¬ 
garding  the  use  of  oxen  on  the  farm  are 
suggestive.  I  submit  view  from  life, 
Fig.  175,  which  is  a  street  scene  in  my 
own  town.  This  worthy  man  is  owner 
of  80  acres  of  excellent  land,  as  yet 
largely  uncleared,  and  is  equipped  ac¬ 
cording  to  his  means  and  needs.  “Old 
Charley”  is  doing  faithful  service  as 
roadster,  for  logging,  plowing,  cultivat¬ 
ing  and  any  work  usually  assigned  to 
horses.  This  man  has  the  right  mettle, 
and  later,  when  conditions  warrant,  will 
be  seen  leading  home  a  pair  of  weanling 
Colts.  J.  L.  SHIGLEY. 

Osceola  Co.,  Mich. 

R.  N.-Y. — Better  an  ox  paid  for  than 
an  automobile  “on  tick.” 


NOTES  ON  THE  BERMUDA  ISLANDS. 

As  you  wished  to  hear  what  I  thought  of 
these  islands,  I  send  a  few  notes.  As  a 
farming  country  they  will  never  be  a  great 
success.  Of  the  little  more  than  12,000 
acres,  not  over  1,000  are  what  can  be  called 
first-class  farming  land,  another  1,000  fair, 
and  another  1,000  can  be  made  profitable 
only  in  very  favorable  seasons.  The  other 
9,000  acres  have  so  little  soil  that  cultiva¬ 
tion  can  never  be  made  to  pay.  The  sur¬ 
face  is  very  undulating  and  everywhere 
covered,  except  where  cultivated,  or  bare 
rocks,  with  cedar  or  juniper  trees,  so  that 
at  a  distance  it  looks  as  though  it  was 
one  solid  forest,  interspersed  with  houses. 
What  land  is  cultivated  lies  in  small 
patches  in  the  valleys  or  on  the  hillsides, 
and  in  size  from  a  mere  garden  spot  to  not 
to  exceed,  except  in  few  instances,  one  acre. 
The  soil  consists  of  disintegrated  coral 
rock  mixed  with  humus  of  decayed  vegeta¬ 
tion,  and  is  entirely  lacking  in  anything  of 
a  clayey  nature,  so  that  when  rain  falls  it 
settles  at  once  down,  through  soil  and  rock, 
so  that  though  the  average  rainfall  is  over 
five  feet  yearly,  crops  are  very  apt  to  suf¬ 
fer  for  moisture.  The  crops  grown  are  po¬ 
tatoes,  onions,  lettuce,  celery,  carrots,  pars¬ 
ley  and  lilies  in  extent  as  named,  but  as 
there  is  no  frost  here  some  crop  is  kept 
growing  on  the  land  all  the  time.  Usually 
four  crops  are  taken  each  year  and  of 
course  such  intensive  cropping  requires 
heavy  manuring,  and  much  use  is  made  of 
chemicals,  but  still  the  most  difficult  thing 
to  maintain  is  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
humus,  and  this  is  supplied  by  stable 
manure  from  the  great  number  of  horses 
that  are  kept  for  use  by  the  livery  stables, 
as  an  immense  number  of  horses  are  kept 
here  for  livery  purposes,  and  from  seaweed, 


of  which  great  quantities  are  driven  on 
shore  by  the  autumnal  gales.  Of  course 
all  crops  are  grown  for  the  New  York  mar¬ 
ket,  and  the  profit  depends  upon  prices 
there,  and  so  have  to  be  ready  for  use 
when  in  most  demand.  Just  now  the  lettuce 
and  parsley  crops  are  about  finished  and 
carrots  are  coming  in  plenty,  and  growers 
report  unsatisfactory  prices.  Onions  and 
potatoes  are  now  coming  and  are  selling 
well,  potatoes  at  $5  per  barrel  and  onions 
from  $1.50  to  $2  per  50-pound  box.  Lilies 
are  now  troubled  with  a  blight,  so  are  not 
grown  very  largely.  Potatoes,  onions  and 
in  fact  all  crops  grown  are  not  allowed  to 
ripen  but  are  gathered  as  soon  as  largo 
enough  to  use  ;  only  frhm  this  fact  it  would 
not  be  possible  to  get  so  many  crops  each 
year  from  same  land. 

Oranges  and  lemons,  once  largely  grown, 
have  been  entirely  abandoned  on'  account 
of  the  ravages  of  a  fly  and  the  scale,  but 
the  government  is  now  making  great  efforts 
to  overcome  these  pests.  The  only  live 


stock  aside  from  the  horses,  and  they  are 
all  imported,  are  an  occasional  cow,  a  good 
many  goats,  and  a  very  few  chickens.  I 
have  seen  four  turkeys  and  three  hogs.  The 
labor  on  the  land  here  is  mostly  done  by 
the  colored  people,  and  by  hand  ;  in  fact  I 
have  seen  only  10  or  12  plows  on  the  is¬ 
land,  and  these  were  all  for  one  horse. 
The  plots  are  so  small  and  of  all  shapes, 
some  not  more  than  a  rod  wide  and  10  to 
20  rods  long  more  or  less  and  of  all  shapes 
as  may  be,  so  horse  power  is  out  of  the 
question.  The  implements  are  very  rude, 
mostly  hoes  weighing  from  three  to  five  or 
six  pounds,  and  are  used  to  chop  up  the 
soil,  which  leaves  the  weeds  on  top  of  the 
ground  to  dry  up  and  be  lost,  while  the  sen¬ 
sible  way  would  be  to  spade  them  into  the 
soil  to  add  to  the  humus.  All  crops  are 
planted  in  beds,  the  rows  from  15  to  20 
inches  apart,  about  five  rows  and  then  a 
space  left.  Potatoes  are  grown  in  the  same 
way,  with  rows  24  inches  apart  and  plants 


10  inches  in  row,  and  instead  of  level  cul¬ 
ture  they  are  hilled  just  as  high  as  can  lie 
done  at  this  distance  between  rows.  The 
onions  are  sown  thick  and  when  about  as 
large  as  peas  are  pulled  and  dried  and 
then  planted  about  four  inches  apart  in 
rows  15  to  18  inches  asunder. 

Nearly  everything  on  which  the  people 
live  is  brought  here  from  the  States.  The 
money  crop  here  is  the  flood  of  visitors,  and 
were  it  not  for  these  the  people  would  find 
it  a  hard  proposition  to  live.  In  1908 
there  were  a  little  over  19,000  people  on 
the  islands,  of  which  over  two-thirds  were 
colored ;  in  fact  the  colored  people  here  do 
nearly  all  the  labor  on  the  land  and  very 
much  in  the  towns.  It  is  not  an  uncommon 
sight  to  see  a  half-dozen  working  in  a 
gang  in  a  plot  of  onions  or  potatoes  of  an 
acre  or  less.  All  the  stages  are  driven  by 
colored  men.  the  same  with  carriages,  anil 
all  trades  are  followed  by  them.  They 
largely  own  their  own  homes  and  seem 
prosperous  and  happy.  They  seem  quite  dif¬ 


ferent  from  the  colored  people  of  the 
United  States,  and  instead  of  living  in 
localities  by  themselves  are  mixed  all 
through  the  country  and  villages  among 
the  whites.  Still  I  notice  they  have  their 
separate  schools  and  churches,  and  do  not 
associate  with  the  whites.  I  am  told  that 
the  only  intermarriages  between  white  and 
colored  is  an  occasional  case  where  an 
English  soldier  marries  a  colored  wife. 

As  a  Health  and  Pleasure  Resort. — 
As  such  Bermuda  is  a  success,  and  were  it 
not  for  the  great  drawback  of  the  ocean 
trip  Florida  would  not  be  in  it  at  all.  As 
it  is  now  every  steamer  here  is  crowded 
and  the  visitors  have  difficulty  in  finding 
good  quarters.  Not  only  in  the  villages 
but  all  over  the  island  a  large  proportion 
of  the  houses  are  used  as  boarding  houses, 
and  are  no  sooner  emptied  of  one  lot  than 
filled  by  another,  and  they  charge  from  .$10 
to  as  high  as  $30  and  $40  per  week  for 
board.  But  the  sensible  way  for  a  family 


is  to  take  rooms  with  conveniences  for 
light  housekeeping,  get  their  own  break¬ 
fast  and  supper  and  take  dinner  wherever 
they  happen  to  be.  In  this  way  they  can 
have  the  quiet  of  home  and  be  out  of  the 
noisy  crowd.  The  islands  are  mostly  con¬ 
nected  with  bridges  and  very  comfortable 
stages  run  from  each  end  to  Hamilton 
twice  daily,  and  the  cheapest  thing  here  is 
the  stage  fares,  which  are  only  two  cents 
per  mile.  One  can  go  out  on  the  morning 
stage  from  Hamilton,  go  'to  St.  George  at 
one  end  or  to  Somerset  at  the  other  and 
spend  four  and  a  half  hours  sightseeing 
and  come  back  on  the  return,  or  he  can  stop 
off  at  any  point,  spend  the  day,  coming 
back  at  evening,  and  as  the  islands  are 
very  narrow  in  this  way  can  be  seen  all  the 
very  pleasant  bays  and  coves  and  beauty 
spots  at  ruuch  better  advantage  than  to 
drive  and  keep  out  of  the  crowds.  There 
are  also  boats  running  every  half  hour  to 
various  points  and  the  fare  in  these  is 
also  very  reasonable.  The  lowest  tempera¬ 
ture  this  Winter  was  49  degrees  and  the 
highest  in  Summer  is  about  90  degrees, 
but  the  average  is  57  degrees  for  January, 
79  degrees  for  July,  but  as  the  wind  is  al¬ 
ways  from  the  water  from  whichever  way 
it  blows,  it  is  always  cool.  Very  few 
houses  have  any  arrangement  for  heating 
and  a  large  share  of  the  cooking  is  done  on 
oil  or  gasoline  stoves.  These  islands  are 
simply  the  top  of  coral  mountains,  which 
when  formed  were  heaved  up  out  of  the 
sea,  and  as  the  rock  is  very  porous,  the 
only  water  that  can  be  obtained  in  wells  is 
brackish  and  quite  apt  to  cause  stomach 
trouble.  The  drinking  water  is  caught 
from  the  roofs  of  the  buildings  or  from 
water  sheds  made  on  purpose,  and  kept 
in  cisterns.  As  the  roofs  are  made  of 
slabs  of  the  rock  and  very  little  fuel  is 
burned  and  no  doves  or  pigeons  kept  the 
water  is  exceedingly  pure  and  good.  There 
are  over  100  miles  of  roads  on  the  islands 
and  all  are  in  first-class  condition.  They 
are  made  of  the  rock,  which  breaks  down 
and  cements  on  the  surface,  and  they  are 
as  smooth  as  a  floor,  have  gutters  at  the 
sides  and  in  many  places  are  cut  through 
the  solid  rock  down  from  a  few  feet  to  as 
much  as  20  to  30  feet,  about  18  feet  wide, 
with  the  sides  perpendicular,  and  if  it  were 
to  rain  a  week  the  soil  would  take  the 
water  as  fast  as  it  came  and  in  an  hour  the 
road  would  be  dry  and  in  fine  condition. 
The  houses  are  made  inside  partitions  and 
all  of  blocks  of  the  rock,  cut  about  24 
inches  long,  10  inches  wide  and  six  to  eight 
thick,  and  these  laid  up  with  mortar  made 
of  the  burned  rock,  mostly  one  story  and 
roofed  with  slabs  of  the  same  rock,  cut 
from  one  to  two  inches  thick,  and  the  whole 
structure,  roof  and  all,  coated  with  cement, 
so  the  buildings  are  white  and  require  no 
paint  after  once  finished.  All  houses,  those 
of  the  poorest  as  well  as  the  rich,  are  made 
of  the  same  material,  and  I  do  not  think 
there  are  20  wooden  houses  in  the  entire 
group  of  Islands.  What  Bermuda  needs  is 
a  good  trolley  road  from  one  end  to  the 
other  and  an  effort  is  now  being  made  to 
secure  it,  but  strong  opposition  is  made 
by  two  classes,  the  old  conservatives  and 
the  livery  and  coach  owners,  and  it  would 
be  a  good  tiling  if  a  subway  could  be  con¬ 
structed  from  New  York. 

J.  s.  WOODWARD. 


AN  AUTOMOBILE  IN  HIDE.  Fig.  175.. 


618 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


April  22, 


PLANTS  POTATOES  BY  HAND. 

E.  F.  8.,  Akron,  N.  Y.— Would  E.  V.  A., 
who  wrote  the  article  on  “Potato  Growing 
in  Michigan,”  inform  us  how  Mr.  Woodman 
plants  his  potatoes,  whether  by  hand  or 
with  a  machine? 

Ans. — Some  few  years  ago,  when  Mr. 
Woodman  began  growing  potatoes  for 
market,  a  potato  planter  was  tried,  but 
it  was  discarded,  as  it  bunched  the 
potatoes  more  or  less.  Since  then  they 
have  been  planted  by  hand.  A  portion 
of  the  field  is  furrowed  out,  and  im¬ 
mediately  planted  while  the  soil  in  the 
bottom  of  the  furrow  is  still  moist.  The 
covering  is  done  by  a  team.  By  plant¬ 
ing  in  this  way  and  having  a  seed  end 
in  every  hill,  a  perfect  stand  is  assured. 
Last  Fall  they  were  digging  potatoes 
when  the  writer  visited  the  farm,  and  it 
was  impossible  to  find  a  skip,  i  he  field 
of  eight  acres  yielded  over  350  bushels 
to  the  acre.  _ _  E-  v.  a. 

CONCENTRATED  LIME-SULPHUR 
MIXTURE. 

It  is  not  strange  that  Prof.  Patten  has 
found  some  technical  mistakes  in  my  arti¬ 
cle  on  page  160-161.  The  wonder  to  me 
is,  there  is  ever  anything  written  on  lime- 
sulphur  that  some  one  does  not  criticise, 
because  of  the  fact  that  hardly  any  two 
of  our  chemists,  entomologists,  patholo¬ 
gists  or  horticulturists,  agree  today  as  to 
bect*way  of  making  or  handling  or  using 
lime-sulphur  washes.  I  surely  made  one 
misstatement,  at  least  apparently.  What  I 
should  have  said,  and  really  meant  to  say, 
was  that  40  pounds  of  lime  and  80  pounds 
of  sulphur  was  the  largest  amounts  that 
could  be  economically  combined  with  water 
to  make  50  gallons,  the  word  economically 
having  been  omitted. 

The  next  part  saying  the  mixture  so 
made  would  test  a  little  over  28  degrees  B. 
should  have  said  a  little  under  28  degrees 
B  That  this  is  not  a  great  exaggeration 
as  Mr.  Patten  seems  to  think,  I  will  say 
that  four  lots  when  boiled  as  nearly  under 
farmers’  conditions  as  possible,  by  Prof. 
Parrott  at  Geneva,  averaged  exactly  27%  de¬ 
grees  B.  two  of  which  lots  tested  29  degrees 
B  And  further  to  show  there  is  ground 
for  the  belief  that  greater  amounts  of  lime 
and  sulphur  to  water  to  make  50  gallons 
<lo  not  materially  increase  the  strength  of 
the  mixture,  but  do  add  greatly  to  the 
amount  of  sediment  when  made  under  farm 
conditions,  will  add  that  four  other  lots, 
made  under  these  conditions  by  the  same 
persons,  and  especially  for  comparison, 
where  60  pounds  of  lime  and  125  pounds 
.of  sulphur  were  used,  to  water  enough  to 
make  50  gallons,  the  average  test  was  only 
27%  degrees  B.,  while  the  sediment  was  in¬ 
creased  from  four  to  five  times  the  amounts 
contained  in  lots  where  the  smaller  amounts 
of  lime-sulphur  were  used. 

The  past  week  I  have  boiled  12  lots 
under  different  conditions,  and  with  various 
amounts  of  lime  and  sulphur ;  my  results 
have  been  just  about  the  same  as  Prof. 
Parrott’s.  There  is  apparently  a  great  dif¬ 
ference  between  boiling  these  ingredients 
together  by  the  ordinary  man,  and  reduc¬ 
ing  them  to  a  chemical  combination  in  the 
laboratory. 

I  have  neither  the  time  nor  inclination 
to  enter  into  any  argument  with  Prof. 
Patten  or  anyone  else ;  yet  I  believe  1  am 
justified  because  of  the  stand  Prof.  Patten 
has  taken,  in  saying  some  things  in  order 
to  set  myself  right  before  the  people  who 
have  been  following  this  lime-sulphur  mat¬ 
ter.  Prof.  Patten  says  what  I  wrote  was 
not  the  claim  of  the  N.  Y.  Station  authori¬ 
ties,  saying  they  recommend  36  pounds  of 
lime  to'  80  pounds  of  sulphur.  This  is  so, 
and  yet  why  not  print  it  all,  which  says 
this  is  based  on  pure  lime,  and  that  no 
lime  is  pure?  Therefore  when  lime  is  only 
90  per  cent  pure,  40  pounds  must  be  used, 
and  as  lime  is  cheaper  than  sulphur  and  we 
should  always  have  enough  lime  to  unite 
was  the  sulphur,  we  recommend  a  slight  ex¬ 
cess  to  allow  for  impurities,  or  40  pounds 
of  lime  to  80  pounds  of  sulphur. 

And  then,  too.  Prof.  Patten's  data  is  all 
based  on  the  supposition  that  there  are 
50  gallons  of  water  in  addition  to  the  other 
ingredients  at  the  finish,  when  he  will  find 
by  a  more  careful  study  of  my  article  and 
also  of  Bulletin  3lZ9  that  all  are  based  on 
a  final  product  of  50  gallons  which  theoret¬ 
ically  would  give  about  the  per  cent  of 
sulphur  in  solution  Prof.  Patten  says  it 
should  have,  rather  than  under  15  per  cent 
as  he  says  it  does  have.  As  to  Prof.  Pat¬ 
ten’s  claim  that  the  same  amount  of  sul¬ 
phur  may  be  brought  into  solution  in  two 
boilings  by  using  the  60-120-50  formula,  as 
with  three  boilings  of  the  40-80-50  formula, 
made  in  the  ordinary  way,  I  claim  it  is 
absolutely  impossible  to  get  anywhere  near 
that  result.  Apparently  all  of  the  lime- 
sulphur  work  up  to  the  past  season  has 
been  mostly  accident  or  guess  work.  Last 
year  the  New  York  State  Experiment  Sta¬ 
tion  took  this  work  up.  First  the  chem¬ 
ists  worked  out  by  exhaustive  experiments 
the  most  practical  and  economical  amounts 
of  the  ingredients  to  use  in  making,  the 
mixtures.  Then  the  entomologists  took  this 
mixture  and  by  careful  experiments  in  the 
field,  worked  out  the  amounts  of  dilution 
that  were  practical  and  most  effective,  thus 
putting  the  work  on  a  scientific  and  prac¬ 
tical  basis.  I  believe  until  the  other  sta-_ 
tions  take  up  the  work  along  these  lines 
there  is  sure  to  be  more  or  less  dissension 
over  everything  that  is  written  on  the  sub¬ 
ject,  and  as  long  as  this  is  so  the  fruit 
growers  and  farmers  will  be  undecided  as 
to  which  is  right  and  whose  directions  to 
follow.  This  surely  is  a  bad  condition,  for 
the  fruit  growers  need  and  are  entitled  to 
the  best  information  on  this  subject. 

W  M.  HOTALING. 


The  prospect  for  tree  fruit  in  this  sec¬ 
tion  at  the  present  time  is  more  promising 
than  for  several  seasons  past.  Apple  and 
pear  trees  of  most  varieties  show  plenty  of 
fruit  buds,  and  the  peach  buds  have  passed 
the  Winter  apparently  unharmed.  The  feel¬ 
ing  of  the  fruit  growers  in  this  section  is 
one  of  confidence.  In  the  great  and  rapidly 
growing  population  of  New  York  City  and 
the  surrounding  territory  he  sees  an  almost 
unlimited  market,  within  easy  reach.  The 


grower  who  aims  to  have  his  “stencil”  serve 
as  an  advertisement  and  guarantee  of  an 
honest  package,  has  no  fear  of  an  over¬ 
stocked  market.  Spraying  has  become  quite 
general  in  this  neighborhood,  but  has  been 
directed  almost  wholly  against  the  San 
Jos6  scale.  The  scale  is  passing  from  the 
scene,  but  it  has  left  a  valuable  legacy.  In 
combating  it  the  grower  has  learned  the 
art  of  spraying,  and  finds  that  the  proper 
material  will  not  only  destroy  injurious 
insects,  but  will  also  greatly  lessen  fungous 
troubles.  The  good  farmer  will  keep  on 
spraying.  There  is  no  noticeable  increase  in 
tree  planting  over  former  years,  but  there 
seems  to  be  a  disposition  to  take  better 
care  of  orchards  already  planted ;  also  the 
trend  is  toward  planting  more  largely  of 
the  better  quality  of  fruits.  J.  e.  k. 

Cliffwood,  N.  J. 

In  Northern  New  Y’ork. — In  this 
(Washington)  county  there  is  not  enough 
fruit  grown  to  be  a  commercial  factor  ex¬ 
cept  apples.  It  seems  a  pity  that  more  at¬ 
tention  is  not  paid  to  the  horticultural 
possibilities  of  this  section.  We  are  in  the 
section  where  the  Northern  Spy  and 
Fameuse  types  of  apples  can  be  grown  to 
perfection.  The  low  price. of  land,  together 
with  the  ease  that  all  the  New  England 
towns  can  be  reached,  makes  this  upper 
Hudson  Valley  one  of  the  best  opportunities 
for  the  fruit  farmer  in  the  country  today. 
Almost  every  tree  that  I  have  examined 
shows  an  abundance  of  fruit  buds. There  is 
a  tendency  to  plant  larger  blocks  than  was 
common  four  or  five  years  ago.  It  has  not 
been  customary  to  take  much  interest  in  the 
orchard,  but  T  notice  that  many  of  our 
younger  farmers  are  beginning  to  take  an 
interest  in  the  possibility  of  some  portion 
of  their  farm  being  a-  good  place  for  an  or¬ 
chard.  I  can  point  out  a  number  of  young 
apple  orchards  that  are  handled  with  care 
and  it  is  easy  to  believe  that  the  quality 
and  quantity  of  the  products  of  the  or¬ 
chards  will  improve  by  leaps  and  bounds  in 
the  next  few  years.  There  are  a  few  con¬ 
verts  to  the  value  of  spraying  and  their 
number  is  slowly  growing  greater. 

Fly  Summit,  N.  Y.  H.  L.  B. 


M®cPower 

Sprayer 


SoIan* 


IanK 
noT^n 
NOf^cegme 


Three  Sizes — NOVO  Jr., 
2^  and  3)4  H.  P. 

Consists  of  perfectly  standard¬ 
ized  Novo  Gasoline  Engine 
and  standard  pump  on  strong 
but  light  -  weight  foundation. 
Speed  reduction  by  strong  cut 
gears. 

Engine  quickly  detachable 
from  sprayer — for  use  in  other 
farm  work.  Its  light  weight 
makes  it  readily  portable. 


FREE  BOOK— “How  to  Spray” -Prof.  Taft  of 
Michigan  Agricultural  College,  writes  "Up-to-Date  Spray¬ 
ing.'*  It* 8  free  upon  request • 

Hildreth  Manufacturing  Company 

C.  E.  BEMENT,  Sec'y  and  Csn'l  Mgr. 

116  Willow  Street,  LANSING,  MICH. 


MAKES  HIM  GLAD  AND  PROUD 


And  Ills  words  are  right  from  Ills  heart,  for  a  valuable  horse  was  In  the  balance  and  he  had  spent  four 

years  treating  with  other  thing#*. 

Reading,  Pa. “I  want  tho  pleasure  of  writing  you  a  few  lines.  I  must  say  that  you  have  the  best  remedy  on  tho  market  to-day 
and  for  price  it  is  not  a  penny  too  much  considering  the  merit  it  has.  I  do  not  know  how  to  express  my  slad  feelings  for  you  and 
the  liniment,  as  it  saved  me  about  $400  on  my  horse,  which  I  had  treated  with  a  dozen  different  remedies  and  by  two  of  the  best 
veterinarians,  who  pronounced  the  horse  incurable.  All  ask  what  I  did,  as  he  is  going  sound,  and  the  first  time  in  four  years.  I 
wish  you  could  see  him.  Everywhere  I  goon  Penn  Street  or  any  place  the  people  stand  and  look  at  him — I  am  so  proud  of  him 
I  don’t  know  what  to  do.  The  people  can  say  all  they  want  about  other  remedies,  but  I’ll  have  * 4  Save-The-Horse.’’  I  can  hardly 
believe  tho  euro  you  made  and  tho  way  you  treated  mo  in  my  case.  You  must  excuse  me  for  writing  a  letter  of  appreciation  like  this, 
but  I  can  hardly  do  otherwise  with  the  horse  I  got  now.  I  remain  sincerely  yours  G.  SCHLEIFENHEIXER,  Jr.,  No.  919  No.  9th  St. 


WE 


211  Sand  Beach  Ave.,  Bad  Axe,  Mich. 

If  you  ever  want  a  recommend  use  me.  I  have  a  valuable 
mare  ;  she  had  a  bad  bog  spavin.  I  applied  “  Savc-The-Horso  ” 
twice,  hitched  her  to  runabout,  and  have  driven  her  every  day 
and  no  one  could  ever  tell  sho  had  any  such  trouble.  Everyone 
here  said  I  would  never  be  able  to  use  her  again,  she  was  so 
lame,  but  now  as  frisky  as  a  colt  My  neighbor  is  using  “Save- 
The-Horse  ”  at  my  recommend  and  it  is  doing  the  business. 

Respectfully,  W.  H.  COOPER,  D.  D.  S. 

the  fleeting  of  time  and  the  nrgency  of  speedy  success  it  means  nil  in  all  to  every  owner  of  an  unsound 
horse  to  use  a  remedy  that  will  not  fail.  It  is  not  page  advertisements,  strong  words  or  questionable 

_ • _ h _ l _  .  .  j  t _ i _ j  i _ l  I _ : - - j  rtf  rncnlfa  nnH  vnn  anrn  v 


A.  S.  VALENTINE  &  SON,  Cigar  Makers, 

C45  N.  Broad  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Jan.  9,  1911. 
Troy  Chemical  Co.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. : 

My  pacing  horse  “  Prince  ’’  contracted  a  bone  spavin  about 
a  year  ago.  I  tried  all  the  different  remedies  generally  used, 
without  results.  Had  about  given  up  the  horse  for  lost.  I  was 
urged  to  try  “Save-The-Horse,**  and  after  much  deliberation  I 
concluded  to  buy  it.  After  using  it  tho  horse  is  sound. 

Very  truly  yours,  GEO.  H.  YALENTINE. 


_ _ ^  _ _ _ _ _ _ _  _ _  __o _ _ _ _  _  >sitively  protects  Pur¬ 
chaser;  it  takes  every  particle  of  chance  out  of  the  matter.  JFor  15  years  it  has  been  the  foundation  on  which 
nearly  every  man  based  his  confidence  in  making  his  first  purchase,  and  it  has  never  been  violated. 

CYDCDT  iniflflF  PBCC  Describe  your  case.  Write  today  for  copy  of  Con  trad.  Booklet  and  Letters  from 
EArtn  I  AUvIvt  riltt  Bankers,  Business  Men  and  Farmers  the  world  over  on  every  kind  of  case. 
^  pi  ^  ^  a  bottle,  with  legal  written  guarantee  or  contract.  Positively  and  Permanently  Cures  Bone 
C  fin  and  Bog  Spavin, Ringbone  (except  low).  Curb,  Thoroughpin,  Splint,  Capped  Hock,  Shoe.  Boil, 
■ft  O  ■  UlJ  Windpuff,  weak,  sprained,  injured  and  ruptured  tendons  and  all  lameness,  without  blemish  or 
“  ^  “  “  loss  or  hair.  Horse  worked  as  usual.©  At  all  druggists,  or  express  paid  in  U.  b.  and  Canada, 

Troy  CHEMICAL  CO.,  24  Commercial  Ave,  Binghamton,  N.  Y, 


Send  for  Descriptive  Catalogue  and  see  what  I  consider  the  varieties  to  grow  for 
$  $  $  and  cents  Prices  reasonable  C.  S.  PRATT,  Reading,  Mass. 


800.000  Glen  Mary 
500,000  Climax 
500,000  Stevens  L.C. 
200,000  Gandy 
100,000  Sample 


j  Strawberry 
j  Plants 


5.000  Lots,  $1.50  per  1,000 
1,000  Lots,  $1.75  per  1,000 

KEVITT’S  PLANT  FARM  a’Wj,a 


STRAWBERRIES 

Plan  lo  have  plenty  in  your  own  garden.  100  plants 
in  three  best  varieties,  $1.00  postpaid. 

Geo.  R.  Schauber,  Box  R,  Ballston  Lake,  N.  Y. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS— New  and  old  varieties.  Send 
for  new  Illus.  Catalogue  for  19!  1.  Prices  from 
$1.50  per  1,000  up.  DAVID  RODWAY,  Hartly,  Dei. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  only  $1 .50  &  $1 .75  per  1000.  Illus. 
Catalogue  Free.  S.  A.  VIHDIN,  Harily,  Del. 


DIBBLE’S  SEED  POTATOES 

SOLD  OUT 

All  varieties  except  Irish  Cobblers,  Bovees,  Green  Mountains,  Carmans,  Raleighs 
and  Gold  CoinL  Special  prices  to  close  out:  single  barrel,  $3.00;  four  barrels  for 
$10.00;  ten-barrel  lots  or  over,  $2.25  per  barrel  or  $2.10  per  sack,  Quotations  for 
immediate  acceptance.  Mail  orders  at  once. 

FULL  STOCK  SEED  corn:  STILL  ON  HAND  | 

Dibble’s  Mammoth  Yellow  Flint  Dibble’s  Early  Yellow  Dent 

Dibble’s  Improved  Learning 

Pedigree  seed  testing,  94%-98%.  2,000  bushels  Seed  Oats  left,  but  going  fast. 

Samples  and  Catalog  Free. 


Dewdrop  Everbearing  Strawberry 

Largest  in  the  World.  Bears  First  Reason.  Free 
circular.  H.  F.  DEW,  Albion,  Mich. 


Cu/oof  Potato  Plante  only  $2.00  per  1000,  special 
oWCCl  lUlulU  l  I  a  1 1 1  o  prices  on  5000  lots,  Price 
list  free.  W.  S.  FORD  &  SON,  Hartly,  Del. 


ADDRESS 


EDWARD  F.  DIBBLE 


...SEEDGROWER... 

Box  B  HONEOYE  FALLS,  N.  Y. 


New  England  Corn  Growers  ! ; 

THE  COE-MORTIMER  PRIZES,  AMOUNTING  TO  $500.00 
For  the  Most  Profitable  Acre  of  Field  Corn  Are  Open  to  All  of  Yon 

It  Makes  No  Difference  Whose  Fertilizer  You  Use,  or  How  Much  Per  Acre 

At  the  urgent  request  of  the  Mass.  Corn  Show  we  have  agreed  to  offer  the  $500.00  in  three  prizes — 

1st,  $250.00  ;  2nd,  $150.00  ;  3rd,  $100.00.  COPY  OF  PLAN  and  our  handsome  annual  memorandum 
booklet  sent  free  on  request.  WRITE  AT  ONCE  FOR  INFORMATION  SHEE  1  and  ENT  RT 
BLANKS  to  PROF.  WM.  D.  HURD,  SECRETARY,  MASS.  CORN  SHOW,  care  of  Mass. 
Agricultural  College,  Amherst,  Mass.  (Competition  will  close  on  or  before  November  1st,  1911.) 

THE  COE-MORTIMER  COMPANY 

Sole  Manufacturers  of  the  Celebrated  E.  FRANK  COE  FERTILIZERS  and  PERUVIAN  BRANDS 

24-26  STONE  STREET . NEW  YORK  CITY 


1911. 


RURAL?  NEW-VORKRR 


61© 


NEW  PLAN  OF  TOMATO  GROWING. 

Part  II. 

Handling  and  Packing. — Most  va¬ 
rieties,  especially  the  early  ones,  crack 
more  or  less,  causing  much  trouble  and 
loss,  as  the  cracked  ones  spoil  very 
quickly  after  being  handled,  and  in  wet 
weather  many  rot  in  the  field.  To  pre¬ 
vent  this,  when  picking  we  take  off  all 
that  show  the  least  sign  of  a  crack, 
though  perfectly  green,  and  take  them 
inside.  They  do  not  crack  until  they 
change  color  from  dark  to  light  green. 
At  this  stage  the  growth  is  complete 
and  they  ripen  just  as  well  off  the 
vine.  The  small  cracks  are  no  detri¬ 
ment,  but  if  left  out  they  grow  larger 
and  deeper  each  day.  They  are  carefully 
spread  on  shelves  or  any  place  conven¬ 
ient  for  packing.  Then  we  put  on  can¬ 
vas  gloves,  pick  out  the  ripe  ones,  give 
them  a  quick  rub  to  clean  and  polish 
and  pack  blossom  end  up  in  half-bushel 
baskets,  being  careful  to  have  the  bot¬ 
tom  nice  as  well  as  the  top.  We  have 
few  culls,  but  what  there  are  we  sell 
as  culls,  if  sold  at  all.  Many  will  object 
to  picking  them  green,  as  it  is  generally 
thought  necessary  to  good  quality  that 
they  be  ripened  in  the  sun,  but  I  have 
tested  it  repeatedly  and  if  there  is  any 
difference  at  all  it  is  very  slight.  It 
saves  much  loss,  and  our  customers  fre¬ 
quently  turn  tomatoes  away,  wait  until 
we  arrive,  then  pay  us  10  cents  per 
bushel  more  than  they  could  have  got 
them  for,  because  they  know  our  toma¬ 
toes  stand  up  much  better  than  the  com¬ 
mon  stock.  Again,  when  it  rains  those 
inside  are  always  dry  and  ready  to  pack, 
and  there  is  little  or  no  loss  in  the  field. 

As  to  Results. — We  had  last  year 
about  five  square  rods  more  than  one- 
half  acre,  half  each  of  early  and  late. 
The  early  ones  pay  best,  but  we  did  not 
keep  them  separate.  Our  plants  got  a 
serious  setback  during  a  spell  of  cold 
wet  weather  just  after  being  set  in  the 
cold  frame.  With  a  muslin  cover  I 
could  not  keep  out  the  wet,  and  a  sort 
of  blight  set  in.  There  were  black 
blotches  all  over  both  the  stems  and 
leaves.  Although  they  recovered  I 
thought  I  had  lost  about  10  days’ 
growth.  The  tomatoes  were  sold  at 
wholesale  to  the  grocerymen  and 
brought  $187.60,  no  account  being  made 
of  those  used  or  canned.  I  cannot  give 
the  exact  number  of  bushels,  but  know 
it  was  considerably  more  than  200.  A 
neighbor  of  ours  with  better  facilities 
for  handling  the  plants,  better  garde  • 
soil,  and  possibly  better  management, 
using  the  same  system  of  pruning,  more 
than  doubled  our  income  per  acre  last 
year.  However,  I  feel  satisfied  with  the 
suits  so  far  when  I  consider  that  my 
place  only  a  few  years  ago  was  an  eye¬ 
sore  to  the  neighborhood,  and  that  I 
was  told  repeatedly  that  I  could  not  ex¬ 
pect  to  make  a  living  on  it.  I  am  trying 
gradually  to  deepen  the  soil,  but  can  still 
find  the  raw  yellow  clay  at  a  depth  of 
about  six  inches,  some  places  less.  With 
this  heavy  clay  soil  we  must  compete 
with  tomatoes  from  the  light  sandy  soil 
of  Ohio,  but  they  must  pay  express  and 
commission.  Our  best  early  tomato  is 
Isbell’s  Earlibell.  I  think  it  is  identi¬ 
cal  with  the  Improved  Earliana,  and  I 
grow  the  Stone  almost  exclusively  for 
the  late  crop.  I  turned  under  a  crop 
of  rye  and  used  from  250  to  300  pounds 
of  fertilizer,  but  no  manure.  The  plants 
were  set  3x5  feet  and  given  thorough 
cultivation.  I  think  this  system  of  prun¬ 
ing  is  valuable  anywhere  for  the  early 
crop,  but  especially  so  where  there  is 
difficulty  in  ripening  the  crop,  and  that 
I  could  ripen  a  crop  anywhere  where  I 
could  get  a  good  vine  growth.  Without 
it,  under  our  conditions,  we  would  drop 
the  tomatoes  entirely  except  for  our  own 

B.  V.  EGBERT. 

Pennsylvania. 

“Something  has  got  to  be  done,”  de¬ 
clared  Mrs.  Toots,  “about  this  pig¬ 
stealing  that  is  going  on  in  this  neigh- 
borhood.  Three  pigs  have  disappeared 
within  a  week.  It’s  got  so  now  none  of 
us  are  safe.” — Youth’s  Companion. 


APPLES  FOR  NORTHERN  OHIO 
MARKETS. 

In  an  answer  to  an  inquiry  from  Huron, 
Ohio,  Mr.  Ballou  places  the  Yellow  Trans¬ 
parent  ahead  of  the  Tetofsky  as  a  local 
market  apple.  I  have  never  grown  the 
Yellow  Transparent  (I  am  setting  a  few 
this  Spring  for  experiment),  but  have  seen 
them  in  the  Akron  market  for  two  Summers 
and  I  fail  to  see  where  they  have  anything 
over  the  Tetofsky  as  a  market  sort.  The 
latter  beats  it  about  two  weeks  in  first 
ripened  fruit,  and  being  partly  red  the  drops 
sell  more  readily  than  those  of  an  apple 
which  has  no  beauty  until  fully  mature. 
Owing  to  disease  the  raspberry  market  is 
pretty  bare,  and  consumers  are  fairly  raven¬ 
ous  for  anything  which  looks  like  an  apple, 
and  the  Tetofsky  and  Early  Harvest  both 
are  earlier  than  the  Transparent  in  my 
own  county.  The  tree  is  wonderfully  hardy 
and  vigorous  and  with  me  is  an  annual 
bearer,  although  the  same  branches  do  not 
bear  in  successive  seasons.  All  five  of  my 
trees  have  this  habit,  and  I  consider  it  an 
advantage  over  those  like  the  Astrachan 
or  Baldwin,  which  bear  enormous  crops  in 
alternate  years.  I  pick  Summer  and  early 
Fall  apples  at  three  or  four  pickings,  and 
in  this  way  get  good  size  and  mature  hand¬ 
some  fruit.  My  Tetofsky  color  consider¬ 
ably,  and  the  latest  picking  goes  in  with 
Astrachans,  and  buyers  do  not  notice  the 
difference.  One  of  my  trees,  which  stands 
away  from  the  other  four,  produces  finer 
fruit  and  more  highly  colored  than  the 
others,  and  I  am  using  some  scions  to  top- 
graft  some  seedling  trees,  and  shall  watch 
the  result  with  interest.  I  have  a  Baldwin 
which  has  one  limb  on  the  southern  side 
which  produces  larger  and  more  beautiful 
fruit  than  any  other  Baldwin  on  the  place, 
and  I  shall  set  some  scions  of  this  also. 
If  it  is  really  a  sport  and  transmits  the 
habit  it  will  be  a  distinct  advance,  as  a 
Baldwin  nearly  as  large  as  a  King  will  be 
a  sure  enough  novelty.  In  regard  to  the 
Yellow  Transparent,  I  have  a  friend  (a 
prominent  horticulturist)  living  near  Chilli- 
cothe,  O.,  who  some  years  ago  sold  $500 
worth  of  Transparent  apples  from  100  trees 
which  had  been  set  less  than  half  a  dozen 
years.  The  fact  was  heralded  abroad  by 
the  State  Society  Report  and  gave  a  big 
boom  for  the  variety.  East  Winter  I  met 
the  grower  and  asked  him  after  the  welfare 
of  his  Transparent  orchard,  and  he  was 
not  very  enthusiastic  about  it,  not  having 
had  any  very  abundant  crop  since.  Al¬ 
though  he  did  not  exactly  say  so,  I  got 
the  impression  that  he  considered  the  va¬ 
riety  considerably  over-rated.  In  north¬ 
eastern  Ohio,  where  the  writer  lives,  the 
urban'  population  has  increased  wonderfully 
in  the  past  10  years,  and  there  is  every 
appearance  of  its  continuing,  and  there  will 
be  a  market  for  a  good  many  apples  at  a 
season  when  Baldwins  are  not  to  be  had. 
Whether  it  will  be  more  profitable  to  cater 
to  this  demand  will  depend  largely  upon  the 
location  of  the  grower.  Along  the  ridges 
on  the  south  shore  of  Lake  Erie  late  Spring 
frosts  are  a  rarity,  and  one  can  count  on 
a  crop,  other  conditions  being  favorable.  I 
have  found  at  a  distance  of  30  miles,  where 
late  frosts  are  not  uncommon,  that  Sum¬ 
mer  and  Fall  apples  are  not  as  easily  in¬ 
jured  as  Baldwin  and  many  Winter  sorts, 
and  in  several  frosty  years  have  sold  a 
good  many  apples,  when  if  I  had  only 
Winter  varieties  I  should  have  had  none  to 
sell.  The  only  time  when  the  later  Sum¬ 
mer  and  early  Autumn  local  market  is  fully 
supplied  is  at  the  season  of  the  Lowell, 
which  seems  to  have  been  very  generally 
planted  under  the  taking  non  de  plume  of 
Queen  Anne.  However,  during  the  last  two 
seasons  the  demand  seems  to  be  overtaking 
the  supply,  which  lasts  only  about  a  week. 
Last  year  the  demand  for  pie  timber  was 
so  fierce  that  some  picked  the  Lowell  and 
other  later  apples  when  about  half  grown. 

I  find  myself  fortunate  in  having  some 
Summer  apples  to  help  out  my  loads  in 
seasons  when  some  of  the  vegetables  fail, 
as  sweet  corn  and  tomatoes  did  last  Sum- 
mei\  I  grow  Early  Harvest,  Tetofsky,  As¬ 
trachan,  Western  Beauty  (Summer  or  Large 
Rambo),  Sherwood,  Chenango  Strawberry, 
Ohio  Nonpareil,  and  Maiden  Blush.  All  are 
profitable  and  fill  the  season  from  the  close 
of  wheat  harvest  until  about  the  middle  of 
October.  During  November  there  are  no 
good  desirable  apples  offered,  and  we  have 
to  pick  Belmont  to  supply  the  demand,  or 
else  sell  Winter  windfalls.  Some  few 
Wealthy  are  offered,  and  I  am  setting  some 
of  this  variety  and  some  Winter  Rambos 
where  are  nearly  mature  in  November.  I 
am  also  setting  some  (and  top-grafting 
more)  of  the  Greenville,  which  is  a  late- 
keeping  Maiden  Blush,  but  not  so  profuse  a 
bearer.  This  should  help  fill  the  hiatus 
between  Fall  and  Winter  and  give  some  large 
handsome  apples  for  Thanksgiving.  There 
seems  to  be  a  scarcity  of  many  standard 
sorts  of  apples,  and  prices  have  been  more 
than  doubled  in  the  last  two  years.  This 
scarcity  of  sorts  wanted  is  not  an  insuper¬ 
able  objection  to  apple  planting.  One  can 
buy  such  varieties  as  are  to  be  had  and  set 
them  and  next  year  top-graft  to  desirable 
kinds,  getting  scions  in  the  neighborhood 
from  bearing  trees.  One  does  not  lose  much 
time  and  is  absolutely  certain  of  the  va¬ 
riety  long  before  it  fruits.  In  the  case  of  a 
suburban  home,  when  only  two  or  three 
trees  can  be  given  room,  one  can  graft  two 
or  more  varieties  on  the  same  tree.  I  saw  a 
picture  of  a  tree  which  was  said  to  bear 
one  hundred  sorts,  being  the  freak  effort 
of  a  horticultural  professor.  My  friend, 
W.  W.  Farnsworth,  has  been  successful  in 
top-grafting  trees  the  same  Spring  of  plant¬ 
ing  out.  He  holds  the  scions  dormant  in 
cold  storage  until  the  trees  start  growth 
and  then  grafts,  and  thus  the  graft  has  an 
even  start  and  does  as  well  or  better  than 
by  waiting  a  year.  l.  b.  pierce. 

Summit  Co.,  Ohio. 


J  ■  M 


ROOFING 

CAN  NOT 


y 


T 


s  yyyy 


v  s.  szis: 


US- 


Impartial  tests  made 
by  Fire  Chiefs,  City 
Council  representa¬ 
tives,  and  hundreds  of  other  disinterested  persons,  prove  that 
J-M  Asbestos  Roofing  cannot  be  burned  even  by  the  flame  of  a  blow¬ 
torch — a  flame  which  is  intense  enough  to  melt  iron.  This  is  a  test 
many  times  more  severe  than  any  roofing  is  ever  put  to  in  actual  use. 

This  ready-to-lay  roofing  consists  of  several  layers  or  sheets  of 
Asbestos  (stone)  ’ Felt  inseparably  cemented  together  with  genuine 
Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt — the  two  most  indestructible  things  ever 
discovered.  It  contains  nothing  that  can  rot,  rust,  melt,  crack  or 
in  any  way  deteriorate.  Even  gases,  acids,  and  chemical  fumes 
do  not  affect  it. 

There  are  hundreds  of  buildings  on  which  this  roofing  has  been  in 
service  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  without  a  single  cent’s 
worth  of  paint  or  repairs. 

Isn’t  this  the  kind  of  protection  you  want  for  your  buildings? 

J-M  Asbestos  Roofing  is  suitable  for  all  classes  of  buildings— bams,  factories’., 
dwellings,  etc.,  whether  they  have  a  steep  or  flat  roof.  Comes  all  ready  to  apply, 
with  nails,  cement  and  full  instructions  for  applying,  packed  in  each  roll. 

If  not  at  your  dealer’s,  our  nearest  branch  will  sell  you  direct;  also  apply  it. 
if  desired. 

This  Wonderful  Stone  Sent  FREE 

Imagine  a  real  rock  from  which  you  can  easily  pull  long  thread-like  pieces 
that  are  almost  as  soft  and  pliable  as  a  silk  thread,  yet  so  indestructible  that  they  can’t 
burn,  and  you  will  have  in  your  mind’s  eye  a  picture  of  the  wonderful  Asbestos 
Rock  as  near  as  words  can  paint  it.  But  words  cannot  describe  this  marvelous 
rock.  So  we’ll  send  you  a  sample  free,  for  we  know  it  will  convince  you 
better  than  anything  we  can  say  that  J-M  Asbestos  Roofing,  which  is  made  of  1 
this  indestructible  rock,  must  also  be  practically  everlasting. 

Write  our  nearest  Branch  now  for  sample  of  Crude  Asbestos  and  our 
handsomely  illustrated  Book  M  48. 

H.  W.  JOHNS-MANVILLE  CO. 


BALTIMORE  DALLAS  MILWAUKEE 

BOSTON  DETROIT  r  MINNEAPOLIS 

BUFFALO  KANSAS  CITS  ASotStOS’  NEW  ORLEANS 

CHICAGO  LONDON  1  NEW  YORK 

CLEVELAND  LOS  ANGELES  PHILADELPHIA 

For  Canada:— THE  CANADIAN  H.  W.  JOHNS-MANVILLE  CO.. 
Toronto,  Ont.  Montreal,  Que.  Winnipeg,  Man. 


PITTSBURG 
SAN  FRANCISCO 
SEATTLE 
ST  LOUIS 

1371 

LTD. 

Vancouver,  B.  C. 


A  WONDERFUL  FARM  TOOL 


CLARK’S  Ta@pf-DOUBLE_  ACTION  CULTI¬ 
VATOR  AND  HAR¬ 
ROW.  The  most  won¬ 
derful  farm  tool  ever  in¬ 
vented.  Two  harrows 
in  one.  Throws  the  dirt 
out,  then  in,  leaving  the 
land  level  and  true.  A 
labor  saver,  a  time  saver, 
a  crop  maker.  Perfect  centre  draft.  Jointed  pole. 
Beware  of  imitations  and  infringements.  Send  today 
for  FREE  Booklet,  “  Intensive  Cultivation.” 

CUTAWAY  HARROW  CO. 

839  Main  St.,  Higganum,  Conn. 


brown  / 

Vr 

r-r 


im 

Rust  Proof  -  Bull  Strong 


33. 


Fences  for  horses,  cattle,  sheep, 
bogs,  chickens,  etc.  160  styles. 
BARGAIN  PRICES : 

14  Cents  Per  Rod  Up. 
We  pay  the  freight.  Lawn  Fences 
and  Gates.  Free  catalog  and  sample. 

Fence  &  Wire  Co., 

DEPT.  59  CLEVELAND,  OHIO 


CYCLONE 


Fences  and  Gates  for  Farm,  Home, 


Parks  or  Cemeteries.  Increase  prop¬ 
erty  values.  Strong,  Lasting,  Hand¬ 


some.  Easily  erected— all  heights  up  to  10  feet.  Our 
catalog  and  prices  will  interest  you.  We  pay  freight. 

The  Cyclone  Woven  Wire  fence  Co. 

1246  E  55th  STREET  C  LE  V  ELA  N  D,  O  H  IO 


ORNAMENTAL  FENCE.  Cheaper  and 
far  better  than  wood  for  Lawns, 
Churches,  Cemeteries.  Also  Poul- 
try  anil  Farm  Fence.  Free  Catalog. 
Wlrte  for  Special  Offer. 

FENCB  t’O.  Box  945  lleeatur.  Ind. 


We  Want  a  Man 

IN  YOlJIl  VICINITY 

To  show  every  telephone  user  our 

“NO  RISK”  Lightning  fir  rest  er$ 

One  agent  writes:  “I  sold  over  750  ‘No 
Risk’  Arresters  and  made  a  friend  at  each 
home.”  Easy  to  sell,  easy  to  install  and 
operate.  Several  persons  killed  recently 
and  so  much  damage  caused  by 
lightning  coming  in  over  the  ’phone  . 
wire,  people  want  and  demand  the  ( 
best  protection  they  can  get.  We 
allow  our  representatives  a  large 
commission  and  they  make  good  money.  Write  today 
for  our  free  book  and  splendid  proposition.  Do  it  now. 
W.  E.  ASHBY  1EEPH0NE  CUT  OUT  CO.,  418  LOCUS!  SI.,  OES  MOINES,  IOWA. 


HARVEY  BOLSTER  SPRINGS 

.Soon  save  their  cost.  Make  every  wagon  a  springs 
|  wagon,  therefore  fruit,  vegetables,  eggs,  etc., 

I  bring  more  money.  Ask  for  special  proposition. 

I  Harvey  Spring  Co.,  71(5-  17th  St,  Racine,  Wla. 


GUARANTEED 


Cents  a  Rod 


Forl8-ln.  14  3-4efor  22-ln.  Hog 
Fence;  15e  for  26-lnch;  18  8-4e 
for  32-lnch;  25e  for  a  47-lnch 
Farm  Fence.  48-inch  Poultry 
fence  28  l-2e.  Sold  on  30  days 
trial.  80  rod  spool  Ideal  Barb 
Wire  $1.45  Catalogue  free. 

KITSELMAN  BROS., 
Box  230  MUNCIE,  IND. 


FROST 
WIRE  FENCES 

Extra  Heavyweight  Farm  Fences.  Built  I 
lor  service  and  satisfaction.  Quality  | 
first  consideration.  Best  materia  1  and 
workmanship  used  In  our  Woven 
Wire  or  Field  Erected  Fences. 
Ask  vour  dealer.  FREE  catalog. 

THE  FROST  WIRE  FENCE  CO. 

Dipt.  II  Cleveland,  O. 


FENCES 


0  0 


IW 


MADE.  Bull- 
strong  chick¬ 
en-tight  Sold  to  the  user  at  Wholesale 
Prices.  Wo  l’ay  Freight.  Catalogue  free. 

COILED  SPRING  FENCE  CO., 
Box  263  Winchester,  Indiana. 


IN  MEMORY  OF  THE  DEAD 


m 


mm 


[Remember  the  sacred  duty  you  owe  the  dead  | 
REPUBLIC  CEMETERY  FENCES  AND  GATES 

Will  protect  and  beautify  the  resting  place  of  your  departed  loved  | 
ones.  They  are  inexpensive  and  almost  everlasting.  Made  of  large  I 
heavily  galvanized  rustproof  wires.  Exclusive,  attractive  designs.  I 

Special  prices  to  churches  and  cemeteries.| 

A  Postal  Will  Bring  Our  Catalog. 

Republic  Fence  4  Gate  Co.,  211  Republic  St.,  N.  Chicago,  Ill. 


620 


THE  RURAL.  NEW-VORKER 


April  22, 


OLD  FRIENDS  AND  NEW. 

From  an  Old  New  Yorker. 

Years  ago,  even  “befo’  de  wab,”  my 
father,  in  New  York  State,  subscribed  regu¬ 
larly  for  The  R.  N.-Y.  It  was  the  farmer’s 
vade  meeum,  and  D.  D.  T.  Moore  was  one 
of  the  greatest  men  in  the  world.  Later, 
during  years  of  professional  work,  I  missed 
The  Rural,  but  now,  in  Ohio,  am  greatly 
enjoying  the  weekly  visits  of  my  old  boy¬ 
hood  friend.  It  has  been  a  special  pleas¬ 
ure  to  read  articles  contributed  by  my 
schoolmates,  T.  II.  King  and  D.  II.  Ayers, 
and  by  my  old  friend,  A.  C.  Peterson. 
When  I  began  to  read  The  It.  N.-Y.  again  I 
found  that  there  was  at  least  one  news¬ 
paper  in  the  United  States  that  was  in¬ 
dependent  enough  to  fight  all  frauds  and 
fakers.  Your  work  in  exposing  E.  G. 
Lewis  entitles  you  to  the  admiration  of 
every  American  citizen.  Your  excoriation 
of  Bailey,  of  Texas,  for  fighting  the  peo¬ 
ple’s  parcels  post  bill,  was  appreciated, 
lie  is  the  same  Bailey  who  defended  the 
luscious  Lorimer,  and  who  denounced  the 
constitution  of  Arizona,  the  best  constitu¬ 
tion  every  presented  by  a  Territory  about 
to  become  a  State ;  a  constitution  for  the 
citizens  rather  than  for  the  corporations, 
for  the  people  rather  than  for  the  politi¬ 
cians.  “Hence  these  tears”  of  the  trusts 
and  the  big  and  little  bosses.  This  consti¬ 
tution  is  worth  more  than  a  glance.  Let 
me  recall  some  of  its  safe  and  sane  pro¬ 
visions  : 

It  includes  the  initiative,  the  referendum, 
and  the  recall  (what  the  people  are  pining 
for).  Direct  primaries.  (Remember  Charles 
E.  Hughes.)  Advisory  primary  for  United 
States  Senators.  Amendment  of  the  con¬ 
stitution  upon  initiative  of  fifteen  per  cent 
of  the  voters.  The  publication  of  campaign 
expenses.  The  prohibition  of  lobbying. 
Non-partisan  election  of  judges.  Juvenile 
court,  with  the  age  of  criminal  responsibil¬ 
ity  fixed  at  18.  Rigid  supervision  of  cor¬ 
porations.  Physical  valuation  of  railroads 
as  a  basis  for  rate  x-egulation.  Municipal 
home  rule.  Officers  to  be  paid  fixed  salaries. 
No  franchise  to  be  granted  for  longer  than 
20  years.  Shareholders  in  corporations  to 
be  held  individually  responsible  for  debts. 
Monopolies  and  trusts  never  to  be  allowed. 
Employers  compelled  to  make  careful  pro¬ 
vision  for  the  safety  of  their  employees. 
Children  under  age  protected.  Polygamous 
marriages  forever  prohibited.  Public  ser¬ 
vice  corporations  to  receive  and  transport 
property  without  delay  or  discrimination. 
No  corporation  to  issue  stock  except  to 
bona  fide  subscribers ;  all  fictitious  increase 
of  stock  or  indebtedness  to  be  void.  The 
last  section  of  Article  Ten  reads  :  “No  in¬ 
dividual,  corporation  or  association  shall 
ever  be  allowed  to  purchase  or  lease  more 
than  160  acres  of  agricultural  land,  or  more 
than  640  acres  of  grazing  land.” 

Hamilton  Co.,  Ohio.  lewis  halsey. 

Short  Term  Begins  Long  Friendship. 

Find  enclosed  my  remittance  of  one  dol¬ 
lar.  I  am  not  a  farmer,  but  I  enjoy  the 
paper  very  much.  If  you  would  like  to 
know  I  will  tell  you  how  I  happened  to  get 
the  paper.  I  am  a  paving  cutter  by  trade, 
and  own  my  own  house  and  seven  acres  of 
land,  which  is  mostly  rocks.  I  raise  about 
all  of  my  vegetables  and  keep  a  cow,  and 
my  wife  has  16  hens,  and  I  also  have  10 
apple  trees  six  years  old.  I  was  talking 
with  a  fellow  workman  in  Stonington,  Me., 
where  I  was  working  at  that  time,  about 
taking  some  farm  paper.  He  says : 

“Why  don’t  you  take  The  R.  N.-Y.?  You 
can  get  it  10  weeks  for  10  cents.”  I  asked 
him  where  to  send. 

“Oh,”  he  said,  “I  will  send  and  get  it 
for  you.” 

Pretty  good  fellow,  wasn’t  he?  I  like 
your  paper  ever  so  much,  good  clean  read¬ 
ing,  and  then  you  take  up  the  workingman’s 
side,  and  there  are  so  few  of  the  papers 
that  do  that.  I  would  like  to  see  the 
Hope  Farm  man.  I  believe  that  he  is  a 
Christian,  as  he  seems  to  get  so  much  out 
of  a  little.  I  have  not  mentioned  the  best 
thing  here ;  I  have  five  children,  all  under 
school  age  except  the  eldest  boy  ;  he  will  be 
16  years  old  to-morrow,  and  he  is  working 
with  me  as  an  apprentice.  I  have  always 
believed  in  giving  a  boy  or  girl  a  good 
practical  education,  or  in  other  words,  to 
teach  them  to  work  with  their  hands  as 
well  as  their  heads.  It  is  dreary  here  in 
Winter,  but  fine  in  Summer.  We  live  on  a 
little  island  at  the  mouth  of  Penobscot  Bay. 
We  have  about  750  inhabitants,  and  are 
connected  by  cable  with  the  mainland,  so  it 
isn’t  so  bad.  warren  staples. 

Maine. 


A  Farm  Boy  Comes  Back. 

In  my  early  manhood  I  lived  on  a  farm, 
and  for  many  years  The  It.  N.-Y.  was  my 
most  valued  paper.  I  would  as  soon  have 
thought  of  farming  without  a  plow  as 
without  The  R.  N.-lr.  It  helped  me  make 
and  save  many  dollars  as  well  as  in¬ 
structed  me  in  some  of  the  higher  refine¬ 
ments  of  country  life.  But  in  middle  age 
time  changed  with  me.  I  engaged  in  busi¬ 
ness  in  the  city  and  moved  there  to  be 
near  my  work.  I  have  been  fairly  pros¬ 


perous  and  happy  in  my  later  home,  but  I 
missed  many  of  the  joys  of  the  country, 
among  them  The  R.  N.-Y'.,  which  I  no 
longer  received  after  moving  to  the  city. 
After  a  few  years  I  determined  I  would 
not  remain  entirely  out  of  touch  with  the 
soil,  and  in  the  rear  portion  of  my  lot  I 
established  a  garden  which  I  dig  and  plant 
with  my  own  labor,  and  the  pleasure  of 
the  work  and  of  the  fruits  thereof  have 
been  beyond  all  calculation.  I  still  missed 
something,  and  until  a  year  or  so  ago  did 
not  realize  what  it  was.  A  visit  to  some 
friends  in  the  country  brought  me  in  touch 
again  with  The  It.  N.-Y.,  and  I  saw  at  once 
what  I  needed  in  my  little  garden  work.  I 
sent  in  my  subscription  and  I  find  The 
R.  N.-Y'.  as  indispensable  to  me  as  it  once 
was  to  my  farm  life.  I  believe  The  R. 
N.-Y'.  to  be  not  only  the  best  farm  paper 
but  the  best  garden  paper,  the  best  fruit 
paper,  and  tbe  best  poultry  paper.  My 
garden  is  50  by  70  feet.  I  could  tell  some 
large  stories  of  yields,  but  will  not  bother 
about  that.  As  I  garden  for  pleasure,  I 
sell  nothing,  giving  away  the  surplus,  so  I 
do  not  keep  a  financial  account.  The  profit 
I  derive  from  my  garden  could  not  be  ex¬ 
pressed  in  money.  The  point  that  concerns 
you  most  is  that  The  R.  N.-Y.  is  extremely 
valuable  to  the  cultivator  of  one-tenth 
of  an  acre.  It  is  in  my  judgment  corre¬ 
spondingly  so  to  him  who  works  many  acres. 

Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y.  w.  a.  landers. 


Heading  Off  Cutworms  and  Other  Pests. 


I  read  Mr.  Thomas’  way  to  beat  the  cut¬ 
worm,  and  while  it  is  good,  yet  I  have  a 
cheaper  and  easier  way  that  I  have  fol¬ 
lowed  for  many  years.  Rabbits  are  bad  in 
cutting  cabbage  and  celery,  and  cutworms 
equally  as  bad  on  the  tomato  and  pepper 
plants.  I  collect  through  tbe  Fall  as  many 
tin  cans  that  have  been  used  in  the  can¬ 


neries,  and  by  throwing  them  in  the  fire  un¬ 
solder  and  remove  the  ends,  leaving  a  nice 
cylinder  to  put  over  the  plant  when  we  set 
it  in  the  open  ground.  I  push  the  cylinder 
slightly  in  the  soil  when  setting  it.  In 
case  of  frost,  a  sheet  of  paper  placed  on 
the  cylinder  will  ward  off  all  danger,  and 
the  plants  are  protected  from  winds  sway¬ 
ing  them  about.  There  is  a  large  cannery 
here,  and  in  the  season  they  have  many  de¬ 
fective  cans.  These  can  be  had  for  hauling 
them  away.  Restaurants,  hotels  or  board¬ 


ing  houses  also  have  them,  and  are  glad  to 
get  rid  of  them.  The  labor  in  using  these 
is  much  less  than  in  the  way  Mr.  Thomas 
does.  I  have  followed  this  plan  for  all  of 
50  years.  Not  a  plant  need  be  lost  by  at¬ 
tention  to  business.  I  never  move  the 
cylinder  till  when  cleaning  up ;  if  any  afe 
fit  for  a  second  use  they  are  kept  over.  In 
unsoldering  the  cans  I  build  a  brush  heap 
and  fire  it  and  toss  the  cans  in — when  the 
fire  dies  out  we  have  them  ready  for  use. 

Indiana.  J.  H.  H. 


LOW— EASIEST  TO  LOAD 

Broad  tires,  no  rutting.  Quick  changes  from  sowing 
In  rows  to  broadcasting,  also  for  thick  and  thin 
spreading.  Furnished  with  shafts  or  tongue. 
Write  for  descriptive  circulars  and  testimonials. 

Special  Large  Size,  Sowt  8  Feet  3  Inches  Wide. 

BELCHER  &  TAYLOR  A.  T.  CO. 

Box  75  Chicopee  Falls,  Mass. 


Fertilizer  >  Sower 


For  Broadcast 
Top-dressing 
or  Sowing 
in  Rows 

Spreads  to  width 
of  6  ft.  10  Inches, 

200  to  4000  lbs. 
per  acre. 


Handles 

All 

Commer¬ 

cial 

Fertilizers 


Made  for. 

Work-Wear 

YET  SO  EASY  IN  ACTION 
A  CIRL  OR  BOY  OF  SIXTEEN 
CAN  OPERATE  IT 

*yCUmVAT0R 

No  pushing  or  pulling  the  shovels  from 
one  side  to  the  other.  Just  a  touch  of  the 
foot  and  the  wheels  and  shovels  move  e  sily 
and  quickly  to  right  or  left.  No  stopping  the 
machine  to  regulate  the  width  between  gangs 
or  the  depth  of  the  shovels. 

Uneven  Land,  Crooked  Rows  and  Hillsides 
as  Easily  Cultivated  as  Level  Ground. 

Made  in  high  and  low  wheel  and 
KRAU8  pivot  gang.  Built  entirely 
of  steel  and  malleable  iron. 

Every  possible  adjustment. 

Light  Draft.  Perfect  balance. 

Choice  of  26  different  equip¬ 
ments  gives  you  just  the  one  you 
Deed  for  your  work.  Also  the 
Clipper  llammoeb  Seat  and  the 
Carpo  Walker.  Don’t  accept  a  sub¬ 
stitute.  If  your  dealer  does  not 
handle  tbe  KRAUS  write  us  for 
full  descriptive  catalogue. 

AKRON  CULTIVATOR  CO. 

— DEPT.  18  AKRON,  OHIO 


How  long  do  you  want 
your  Wagons  to  last? 


yy 


— Asks  the  Little 
Paint  Man 

How  long  do  you  think  they  will 
last  if  they  are  left  out  in  rain  and 
shine  without  even  a  patch  of  paint 
to  protect  them  ? 

A  wagon  that  stands  outside  the  year  around  and  is  not  re¬ 
painted  will  last  six  or  maybe  seven  years,  but  it  won’t  be  very 
good  toward  the  end  of  that  time.  A  wagon  that  is  repainted, 
both  the  ironwork  and  woodwork,  about  once  or  twice  a  year, 
will  last  fifteen  or  twenty  years,  and  will  be  good  all  the  time 
it  lasts. 

It  means  only  a  few  dollars  for  paint  and  only  a  few  hours 
of  your  time  to  do  this,  and  the  profit  to  you  is  the  difference 
between  the  cost  of  one  wagon  and  three  wagons. 

This  is  just  as  good  a  way  to  make  money  as  it  is  to  get  a 
few  cents  a  bushel  more  for  your  wheat.  It  applies  just  as 
much  to  mowers,  reapers  and  binders  as  it  does  to  wagons. 

I  wish  you  would  ask  me  to  send  you  my  little  booklet, 
“Paints  and  Varnishes  for  the  Farm,”  and  when  you  get  it, 
read  it,  and  when  you  read  it,  act  on  it  and  see  if  this  is  not  a 
money-saving  tip. 

Address  THE  LITTLE  PAINT  MAN,  care  of 

Sher  win -Willi ams 

PAINTS  8-  VARNISHES 

635  Canal  Road,  Cleveland,  Ohio.  In  Canada,  897  Centre  Street,  Montreal 
Sold  by  dealers  everywhere.  Ask  for  color  cards 


P  the  man  behind  the  Plow  wants  a  Good  Fertilizer.  For  the 

L  armers,  Land’s  sake  give  him  the  real  Farm  Chemical,  such  as 


Nitrate  of  Soda 
Sulphate  of  Potash 


Muriate  of  Potash 
Kainit 


Our  40  years  of  experience,  prompt  service,  best  [facilities,  are  back  of  every  bag  of  these  Genuine  Materials. 
We  advise  to  buy  now,  prompt  service.  Write  us  for  Prices  TO-DAY.  Any  amount  from  200-Ib.  bag  up. 


FARMERS  UNITED  CHEMICAL  CO., 


Box  317,  Reading,  Pa. 


Try  the 'DELIN' 

ff/f/r  fb a r Money  in  Voi/r Poc A ef 


Try  it  for  30  days  on  your  own  roads;  then, 
if  you  find  it  entirely  satisfactory ,  you  pay 
us.  Buggies— all  styles-and  harness  at  lowest 
wholesale  prices,  direct  to  you,  on  approval. 

No  Cash  With  Order-No  Deposit 

“DELIN”  offers  more  liberal  terms  and 
better  values  than  you  can  get  elsewhere. 

Our  FREE  1911  Catalog  gives  full  information .  Shown 
metal  auto  seat  buggies  and  hundreds 
of  other  dandy  styles.  Get  acquainted 
with  the  values  we  offer  also  with  our 
exclusive  “DELIN'*  terms.  Write  for 

FREE.  CATALOG  Today. 

The  Delin  Carriage  Co. 

173*,  Central  Avenue 
Cincinnati,  Ohio 


IRELAND 
HAY  HOIST 

GEARED 

Saves  one  man 
and  team.  Man 
on  load  operates 
machine  by  pull¬ 
ing  a  small  rope 
attached  to  lever 
whenever  he  has  the  fork 
Cipsdty  or  sling  full,  ready  to 

1500  Lbs.  hoist.  The  machine  stops 

instantly  when  he  releases  lever  rope,  drop- 

ping  load  at  any  point.  Only  3  H.  P.  gasoline  engine  requir¬ 
ed.  Takes  off  a  load  of  hay,  ice  or  anything  that  has  to  bo 
elevated  to  a  height,  quicker  and  easier  than  any  machine  on 
the  market. 

WRITE  TODAY  FOR  FULL  PARTICULARS  about  Single 
Drum,  Double  Drum  and  Self  Acting  Brake.  Give  speed 
of  engino  and  size  of  drive  pulley. 

IRELAND  MACHINE  &  FOUNDRY  CO. 
14  State  Street,  Norwich,  N.  Y. 


zrrrt 


Put  elate  on  your  roof  and  you’ll  keep  dollars  in  your 
pocket.  No  more  leaks  or  expensive  repairs.  Nothing 

equals  Q|iri  nnU’Q  SEA  GREEN  AND  PURPLE 

oncLUun  o  roofing  slate 

for  durability,  strength  and  economy. 

The  first  cost  no  greater  than  high-priced  prepared 
roofing  or  shingles.  Slate  does  not  rust  or  water  soak 
will  not  melt — not  affected  by  climate.  Our  free  book  ! 
"The  Roof  Question”  tells  why.  Write  ub  today  about) 
your  wants.  Special  prices  on  car  lota. 

F.  C.  ShddOll  Slate  Co.  Granville,*N.Y. 


Manufacturers  of  all 
kinds  of  fruit  baskets 
and  crates.  Write  for 
Catalogue  and  Price 
List. 

WEBSTER  BASKET  COMPANY, 

Box  431.  Webster.  Monroe  Co..  N.  Y. 

SfiaRe  With  An  American 


r 

N  Lumber  is  high.  A  car  load  or  two  pays 
|J  for  an  American  Mill.  Supply  your  needs 
P  and  your  neighbors’.  No  experience  needed. 

U  Haul  mill  to  timber  if  desired.  All  Sizes — 

\  All  Prices.  The  Variable  Friction  Feed, 
••Combined  Ratchet  Set  Works  and  Quick  Receder 
*•  ■  ”  means  most  work 

with  least  power. 

Free  Catalogue 
lists  all  kinds  of 
wood  working  ma- 
chinery.  Ask  for  it. 

AmerlrRn  Saw  H1U 
machinery  Co. 
129  Hope  St. 
HackettKlown,  N.  J. 
1582  Terminal 
Buildings 
New  York 

SPLENDID  CROPS 

Saskatchewan  (Western  Canada) 

800  Bushels  From  20  Acres 

of  wheat  was  the  thresher’s  re¬ 
turn  from  a  Lloydm inster  farm 
in  the  season  of  1910.  Many 
fields  in  that  as  well  as  other 
districts  yielded  from  26  to  35 
bushels  of  wheat  to  the  acre. 
Other  grains  in  proportion. 

Large  Profits 

are  thus  derived  from  the 
FKEE  HOMESTEAD 
LANDS  of  Western  Canada. 

This  excellent  showing  ouuses  prices 
to  advance.  Land  values  should  double 
in  two  years’  time. 

Grain  growing,  mixed  farming, 
cattle  raising  and  dairying  are  all 
profitable.  Free  Homesteads  of  160 
acres  are  to  be  had  In  the  very  best 
districts;  160-acre  pre-emptions  at 
$3.00  per  acre  within  certain  areas. 
Schools  and  churches  lu  every  set¬ 
tlement,  climate  unexcelled,  soil 
the  richest;  wood,  water  and  build¬ 
ing  material  plentiful. 

For  low  Bottlers’  railway  rates  and  iliastra- 
ted  pamphlet,  "Last  Best  West,”  and  other  in¬ 
formation,  write  to  Sup’t  of  lrnuiig.,  Ottawa, 
Cau.,  or  Can.  Gov't  Agt.  162) 

Supt.  of  Immigration,  Ottawa,  Canada,  or 
Canadian  Government  Agent.  30  Syracuse 
Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


621 


QUESTIONS  ABOUT  HAIRY  VETCH. 

Since  the  publication  of  the  articles  on 
Hairy  vetch  by  Mr.  Shamel  there  have  been 
so  many  questions  about  this  crop  that  it 
seems  desirable  to  give  more  attention  to 
it — as  is  done  below  : 

Time  for  Sowing  Hairy  Vetch. — For 
cover  crop  purposes,  in  general  the  best 
time  is  from  August  15  to  September  15, 
although  the  exact  time  for  sowing  must 
depend  on  circumstances.  In  cornfields 
I  would  recommend  sowing  during 
August,  in  tobacco  fields  as  soon  as  the 
tobacco  crop  has  been  removed,  and  in 
orchards  the  latter  part  of  August  or 
early  September.  For  seed  production, 
sow  one  bushel  of  vetch  seed  with  about 
one-half  bushel  of  rye  seed  per  acre  dur¬ 
ing  the  first  two  weeks  In  September. 
Cut  the  vetch  and  rye  when  a  majority 
of  the  vetch  pods  are  ripe,  and  before 
they  begin  to  “pop”  open.  The  best 
time  for  cutting  the  vetch  seed  crop  can 
only  be  determined  from  experience. 
After  cutting,  pile  in  small  cocks  until 


Facts  Wanted  About  Lime-Sulphur. 

R.,  Essex ,  N.  Y. — I  have  read  everything 
I  could  get  hold  of  about  spraying  with 
lime-sulphur,  but  am  afraid  I  do  not  know 
much  about  it  yet.  The  article  on  pages 
160-161,  by  W.  H.,  contains  the  most  infor¬ 
mation  for  me  of  any  I  have  seen.  I  would 
like  to  know  if  the  stone  lime,  such  as  is 
used  for  building  purposes,  is  all  right ;  if 
not,  where  can  I  get  some  that  is?  Also, 
does  the  solution  need  agitating  while  spray¬ 
ing?  Would  it  be  better  for  me  to  buy  the 
concentrate  or  make  it  for  225  quite  large 
trees  slightly  affected  with  Oyster-shell 
scale?  A  neighbor  has  an  orchard  of  about 
the  same  size  that  he  wishes  me  to  spray, 
as  I  have  ordered  a  power  outfit,  and  if  I 
can  get  things  to  work  right  will  do  so. 
Altogether  this  would  make  about  450  trees. 
Can  you  tell  me  anything  about  how  much 
I  should  make  or  buy  for  the  first  spraying? 
.  Ans. — The  stone  lime  generally  used 
for  building  is  all  right  if  it  tests  90  per 
cent  or  over  of  calcium  oxide.  It  is  bet¬ 
ter  to  keep  the  mixture  agitated,  and  if 
lime  is  used  for  a  marker  it  must  be 
agitated.  My  opinion  has  always  been 
that  any  trees  that  need  spraying  need 
a  good  application.  We  have  never  been 
able  to  do  it  satisfactorily,  to  us,  with 


ENDLESS  BELT 


/  J  JLOLLER 


VETCH  SEED 
ROLLER  \ 


CRANK  FOR 
TURNING  CANVAS 
\ELT  COWARDS 
i  TOP  OF  INCLINE 


_ i  t; 

\cetchbinJ 


3  FT  WIDE  CANVAS  ENDLESS  BELT 

FRAME 


rye  a/// 


A' 


MACHINE  FOR  SEPARATING  RYE  AND  VETCH  SEEDS.  Fig.  177. 


thoroughly  dry.  If  possible  cover  the 
cocks  to  protect  the  seed  pods. 

Method  of  Thrashing  Seed. — If  only 
a  small  crop  is  grown,  and  no  power 
thrasher  is  available,  the  seed  can  be 
thrashed  out  satisfactorily  with  flails. 
The  ordinary  grain  thrasher  can  be  used 
with  a  little  adjustment  of  the  sieves 
and  concaves.  In  several  cases  small 
thrashers  run  by  gasoline  engines  are 
used,  the  thrasher  being  owned  coopera¬ 
tively  by  a  neighborhood.  Inquiry  of 
implement  dealers  will  usually  result  in 
the  address  of  manufacturers  of  small 
thrashers. 

Method  of  Separating  Vetch  and 
Rye. — The  method  used  by  Mr.  Brewer 
and  the  writer  was  suggested  by  Prof. 
W.  W.  Tracey,  of  the  U.  S.  Department 
of  Agriculture.  The  first  machine  was 
a  homemade  affair  costing  practically 
nothing.  Later  a  power  separator  was 
devised,  costing  about  $25.  The  rough 
sketch,  Fig.  177,  illustrates  the  principle 
of  the  separator,  which  can  be  modified 
to  suit  individual  conditions. 

The  mixed  seed  is  thrown  on  the  in¬ 
clined  canvas  belt  at  about  point  A.  The- 
round  vetch  seed  will  roll  down  the  belt 
and  fall  into  the  vetch  bin,  while  the  rye 
seeds  will  be  caught  on  the  nap  of  the 
cloth  belt  and  be  carried  up  over  the  top, 
falling  into  the  rye  bin.  A  hopper  can 
be  used  for  holding  the  mixed  seed,  and 
so  regulated  as  to  let  the  seed  fall  on 
the  belt  in  a  uniform  manner.  Power 
can  be  utilized  for  running  the  belt  if 
desired  by  attaching  a  belt  wheel  to  the 
upper  roller  instead  of  crank. 

Sources  of  Seed. — It  will  probably  be 
impossible  to  secure  an  adequate  supply 
of  acclimated  seed,  as  it  is  contracted 
for  months  ahead  in  the  neighborhoods 
where  it  is  raised.  If  it  cannot  be  ob¬ 
tained,  I  would  recommend  the  sowing 
of  a  small  acreage  of  imported  Hairy 
vetch  (Vicia  villosa)  seed,  which  can  be 
stcured  from  any  reliable  seed  firm.  In 
this  way  the  seed  can  be  acclimated  and 
adapted  to  local  conditions,  if  the  work 
is  carried  on  for  several  years.  There  is 
no  reason  why  most  farmers  cannot  de¬ 
velop  their  own  supply  of  seed,  but  if  it 
is  not  practicable  I  would  urge  careful 
trials  of  imported  seed.  If  several  farm¬ 
ers  will  club  together  and  import  their 
own  seed  a  considerable  saving  can  be 
effected.  Much  of  the  vetch  seed  (V. 
sativa)  used  in  California  is  imported 
directly  by  the  farmers. 

Vetch  for  Southern  Districts. — In 
southern  districts  Summer  vetch,  some¬ 
times  called  Oregon  vetch  (Vicia  sa- 
tiva),  will  probably  be  worthy  of  trial. 
Seed  of  this  species  can  be  obtained 
from  most  seed  houses,  as  it  is  grown 
extensively  for  seed  in  the  Northwest. 
Hairy  vetch  has  been  found  to  be  valu¬ 
able  in  many  southern  districts  for  cover 
crop  and  forage  crop  purposes.  In  sow¬ 
ing  vetch  for  seed  it  is  not  desirable  to 
sow  it  in  very  rich  soil,  as  the  vetch  and 
rye  plants  make  such  a  rank  growth  un¬ 
der  these  conditions  that  the  crop  is 
hkely  to  lodge  and  make  harvesting  a 
difficult  matter.  a.  d.  shamel. 


less  than  about  12  gallons  per  tree  for 
fairly  large  trees;  450  trees  then  would 
take  about  5,400  gallons,  or  108  barrels 
of  diluted  mixture.  If  you  have  scale 
it  is  not  safe  to  reduce  a  33°  B.  mixture 
much  lower  than  one  to  eight.  This 
would  take  about  12  barrels  of  concen¬ 
trate.  If  you  have  no  scale,  then  one 
to  11  would  be  about  right;  this  would 
take  nine  barrels.  If  you  make  your 
own  it  will  take  about  25  per  cent  more 
of  the  concentrate,  as  it  will  not  stand 
so  much  dilution.  As  to  whether  you 
should  buy  or  make  it  will  depend 
largely  on  time  and  facilities.  To  buy 
12  barrels  would  cost  from  $110  to  $120. 
To  make  its  equivalent  would  cost  per¬ 
haps  $40,  and  would  take  with  steam 
and  two  barrels  about  three  days,  and 
v  ith  a  good  kettle  from  four  to  five 
days.  w.  H. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

COFFEE  CONGESTION 

Causes  a  Variety  of  Ails. 


A  happy  old  lady  in  Wisconsin  says : 

“During  the  time  I  was  a’  coffee 
drinker  I  was  subject  to  sick  headaches, 
sometimes  lasting  2  or  3  days,  totally 
unfitting  me  for  anything. 

“To  this  affliction  was  added,  some 
years  ago,  a  trouble  with  my  heart  that 
was  very  painful,  accompanied  by  a 
smothering  sensation  and  faintness. 

“Dyspepsia,  also,  came  to  make  life 
harder  to  bear.  I  took  all  sorts  of  patent 
i  medicines,  but  none  of  them  helped  me 
for  any  length  of  time. 

“The  doctors  frequently  told  me  that 
coffee  was  not  good  for  me ;  but  without 
coffee  I  felt  as  if  I  had  no  breakfast. 
I  finally  decided  about  2  years  ago  to 
abandon  the  use  of  coffee  entirely,  and 
as  I  had  read  a  great  deal  about  Postum 
I  concluded  to  try  that  for  a  breakfast 
beverage. 

“I  liked  the  taste  of  it  and  was  par¬ 
ticularly  pleased  to  notice  that  it  did 
not  ‘come  up’  as  coffee  used  to.  The  bad 
spells  with  my  heart  grew  less  and  less 
frequent,  and  finally  ceased  altogether, 
and  I  have  not  had  an  attack  of  sick 
headache  for  more  than  a  year.  My  di¬ 
gestion  is  good,  too,  and  I  am  thankful 
that  I  am  once  more  a  healthy  woman.  I 
know  my  wonderful  restoration  to  health 
came  from  quitting  coffee  and  using 
Postum.”  Name  given  by  the  Postum 
Co.,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

“There’s  a  reason,”  and  it  is  this :  Cof¬ 
fee  has  a  direct  action  on  the  liver  with 
some  people,  and  causes  partial  conges¬ 
tion  of  that  organ  preventing  the  natural 
outlet  of  the  secretions.  Then  may  fol¬ 
low  biliousness,  sallow  skin,  headaches, 
constipation  and  finally  a  change  of  the 
blood  corpuscles  and  nervous  prostra¬ 
tion. 

Read  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs.  “There’s  a  Reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

A  profitable 


investment 


Runabout,  $750 

F.  O.  B.  Detroit,  including  three 
oil  lamps,  tools  and  horn.  Gas 
lamps  and  tank  or  generator,  top,  wind-shield, 
etc.,  extra.  The  picture  shows  a  Runabout 
with  detachable  doors,  which  cost  $25  extra. 

Touring  Car  for  4,  $900;  with  fore-doors,  $25 
extra. 


GUARANTEED  FOR  LIFE 

Here  is  a  letter  from  John  P.  Wallace, 
one  of  the  publishers  of  Wallace’s  Farmer, 
and  a  practical  farmer  himself.  He  un¬ 
derstands  the  farmer’s  needs.  He  says: — 

I  have  been  running  a  Hupp  runabout  since 
last  year,  using  it  as  a  business  car  in  coming 
to  the  office,  and  in  the  summer  time  in  mak¬ 
ing  trips  to  the  farm.  I  have  run  the  car  2700 
miles,  and  it  has  given  excellent  satisfaction. 
I  have  run  it  every  day  this  winter,  and  I  am 
glad  to  say  that  I  have  not  had  a  cent’s  worth 
of  repairs  on  the  car  all  winter.  I  have  run  a 
large  car  for  several  years,  and  this  is  my  first 
experience  with  a  runabout.  It  has  convinced 
me  that  a  good  runabout  is  both  a  profitable 
and  a  desirable  investment.  The  expense  of 
running  the  car  is  very  small. 

Yours  very  truly. 


tUUJU 


Thousands  of  Hupmobile  owners — in 
the  country  and  in  the  city — say  “Aye!” 
to  Mr.  Wallace’s  statements. 

They  can  do  so  because  the  Hupmobile 
is  honestly  built  of  honest  materials ; 
sound  and  sturdy  and  strong  in  every 
part,  yet  light  in  weight  and  easy  on  tires. 

Write  a  postal  card  for  descriptive 
literature  and  name  of  the  nearest  Hup¬ 
mobile  dealer. 

Hupp  Motor  Car  Co. 

Desk  57  Detroit,  Midi. 


Use  a  HERCULES 

All-Steel  Triple-Power 

Stump  Puller  on 
30  Days’  Free  Trial 

Clear  up  your  stumpy  fields  at  our  risk  now 
with  a  famous  Hercules  on 30  days’  Free  Trial. 
Test  it  on  your  place  at  our  risk.  Pulls  stumps 
out,  roots  and  all.  400%  stronger  than  any 
other  puller  made.  Triple  power  attachment 
means  one-third  greater  pull.  The  only  stump 
puller  guaranteed  for  3  years.  Only  one  with 
Double  Safety  Ratchets.  Only  one  with  all 
bearings  and  working  parts  turned,  finished 
and  machined,  reducing  friction,  increasing 
power,  making  .  it  extremely  light-running. 

, _ ,  I  Hitch  on  to  any  stump 

400%  .jpglK,  and  the 


More 

Power 


Stump  is  Bound 
to  Come 

Also  pulls  largest- 
sized  green  trees, 
hedgerows, 
etc.  Don’t  risk 
dangerous 
and  costly 
dynamite.  It 
only  shatters 
stump  and  leaves 
roots  In  ground. 
/  T'f"  I  \  \  Save  big  money 

■“■■■  by  getting  our 
FRFP  RDflYQ  and  free  trial  offer.  Also 
*  m  1  DUvAO  special  proposition  to 
lirst  buyers  where  we  have  no  agents.  Write  us  a 
postal  card  today.  Address 

HERCULES  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

130  17th  Street,  Centerville,  Iowa 


Loading  carriers  with  asphalt  at  Trinidad  Lake 

Genasco 

the  Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt  Roofing 

_  Consider  Genasco  from  the  three 
vital  standpoints: 

1.  What  it  does 

2.  What  it  costs 

3.  What  it  saves 


1.  Genasco  waterproofs  your  roof  to 
last.  Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt,  used  in 
making  Genasco,  is  Nature’s  everlasting 
waterproofer  that  has  resisted  the  influ¬ 
ences  of  weather-changes  for  centuries. 
It  carries  into  Genasco  these  same 
weather-resisting  qualities,  and  makes 
it  defy  rain,  snow,  wind,  sun,  cold,  and 
heat;  and  it  makes  it  permanently 
waterproof. 

2.  Genasco  costs  about  the  same  in 
the  beginning  as  the  socalled  “asphalt 
composition’’  or  the  “special  process’’ 
roofings  which  would  be  wonderfully 
good  imitations  of  Genasco  if  they  didn’t 
crack,  break,  and  go  to  pieces.  But  they 
can  t  stand  the  real  test — the  weather. 
They  haven’t  the  lasting  life  which  nat¬ 
ural  asphalt  gives. 

Genasco  is  economical  because  it  re¬ 
sists  and  lasts. 


.  3*  _  The  saving  in  Genasco  Roofing 
is  plain.  You  do  away  with  leaky  roofs 
and  the  expense  of  repairing  them;  you 
prevent  costly  damage  to  rooms  and  fur¬ 
niture,  and  you  save  the  cost  of  re-roof- 
mg.  Genasco  first-cost  is  last-cost. 

Get  Genasco  Roofing— either  mineral 
or  smooth  surface.  Guaranteed,  of 
course. 


-  .77  . - ?  i  uuunK-scams  pre¬ 

vents  nail-leaks,  does  away  with  dauby  cement, 
and  gives  a  fine  finish  to  the  roof. 

...  Ask  y°Vr  dealer  for  Genasco  with  Kant-leak 
in  the  roll.  Write  us  for  samples 
and  the  Good  Roof  Guide  Book. 

The  Barber  Asphalt 
Paving  Company 

Largwt  producers  of  asphalt,  and  larges* 
manufacturers  of  ready  roofing  in  the  world. 

Philadelphia 

New  York  San  Francisco  Chicago 


Cross-section  Genasco  Smooth-surface  Roofing 


Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 
l-==.-=  Asphalt-saturated  Wool  Felt 
Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 


arming 

A'John  Deere 


Book 


ilp Just  Out 

A  Farmer  Can 

Get  ft  Free 

(^Jr=q) 

Tf  US  valuable  book  has  eighteen  articles  on  live 
farm  topics,  written  by  the  highest  authorities. 
Get  the  book  and  a  full  description  of  John 
Deere  Plows  and  Cultivators.  They  are  the  imple¬ 
ments  of  quality,  made  for  farmers  who  want  the 
best.  We  will  send  the  book  and  catalogue  of  John 
Deere  goods  if  you  write  for 

Package  No.  33 

Mention  the  package  number  sure,  then 
you  will  get  exactly  the  right  stuff. 

DEERE  &  COMPANY.  MOLINE,  111 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE. 


.  .  .  SOLELY  MANUFACTURED  BY  .  .  . 

*The  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co. 

Middletown,  Conn., 

Send  for  Free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
the  Hubbard  “  Bone  Base  ”  Fertilizers. 


Rutland  Co.,  Vt.,  Jan.  6, 1911. 

The  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Gentlemen I  got  last  year  200  bu.  of 
ears  of  Corn,  700  bu.  of  Onions,  $300.00 
worth  of  Raspberries  and  $600.00  worth  of 
Strawberries  to  the  acre,  fertilized  en¬ 
tirely  with  Hubbard’s  “ Bone  Base"  Ferti¬ 
lizers.  A  net  result  of  $200.00  better  than 
ever  before,  due  entirely  to  their  liberal 
use.  That  is  a  satisfactory  result  on  our 
stony  knolls  which  some  writer  has  called, 
“Pretty  thin  pickings.” 

Yours  truly, 

W.  W.  Goodnow. 


622 


THE  RUHAIt  NEW-VORKER 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


We  left  our  little  tree  standing  in  the 
ground.  What  then?  At  Hope  Farm 
we  have  tried  some  half  dozen  different 
plans  for  handling  the  trees.  At  one  ex¬ 
treme  is  the  sod  mulch.  One  block  of 
apple  trees  was  put  into  the  unbroken 
sod  seven  years  ago.  There  they  have 
stood  ever  since,  without  any  plowing  or 
cultivating.  Now  and  then  a  few  fork¬ 
fuls  of  manure  have  been  thrown  around 
them  and  weeds,  waste,  stalks,  etc.,  have 
been  hauled  in  and  dumped.  The  grass 
has  been  cut  and  about  half  of  it  taken 
out  as  hay — the  rest  piled  around  the 
trees.  Twice  during  this  time  a  light 
application  of  fertilizer  has  been  made 
all  over  the  grass.  These  trees  have 
grown  well,  and  the  McIntosh  and  Ben 
Davis  are  now  well  covered  with  fruit 
buds.  The  location  is  on  the  east  side 
of  a  steep  hill — the  soil  being  naturally 
moist.  I  would  suggest  this  plan  on 
moist,  natural  grass  lands  where  the 
owner  is  obliged  to  save  labor.  I  would 
not  try  it,  from  our  own  experience,  on 
light  or  dry  soils  unless  there  was  some 
way  of  getting  a  large  supply  of  man- 
nure  or  straw  to  put  around  the  trees. 

In  another  part  of  the  orchard  we  be¬ 
gan  by  plowing  a  few  furrows  along 
each  side  of  the  row,  using  the  cultivator 
on  these  strips.  These  strips  can  be 
made  wider  with  each  year,  or  the  mid¬ 
dles  can  be  left  in  grass  or  clover.  We 
find  that  we  can  leave  a  strip  of  rye 
about  twenty  feet  wide  in  these  mid¬ 
dles,  cut  it  for  grass  and  straw  and  disk 
up  the  stubble  and  sow  rye  again.  This 
comes  close  to  paying  the  cost  of  work¬ 
ing  the  trees,  or  the  straw  can  be  used 
for  mulching.  Hereafter  I  expect  to 
sow  Hairy  vetch  with  the  rye.  The  re¬ 
verse  of  this  practise  is  to  plow  the  mid¬ 
dles  and  leave  strips  of  sod  about  10 
feet  wide  along  the  trees.  The  middles 
can  be  planted  in  corn,  beans  or  similar 
crops,  while  the  strips  along  the  rows 
are  cut  with  the  scythe — the  grass  and 
weeds  being  put  around  the  trees.  This 
sod  strip  method  is  safer  for  the  trees, 
as  there  is  no  danger  of  barking  them 
with  the  cultivator.  On  the  other  hand, 
I  think  the  trees  make  a  little  better 
growth  when  the  plowing  and  cultivating 
is  done  near  them.  As  our  trees  are 
headed  down  very  low  most  plowmen 
do  not  like  to  work  close  to  them. 
Either  of  these  plans  will  work  well  on 
rough  or  steep  hillsides.  The  strips  of 
low  crops  along  the  rows  or  in  the  mid¬ 
dles  will  prevent  washing  by  holding  the 
flow  of  water,  the  labor  is  about  one- 
third  that  of  “intense  culture,”  and  the 
crops  given  in  the  middles  will  nearly 
pay  the  cost. 

On  another  part  of  the  orchard  we 
have  plowed  regularly  and  planted  corn 
in  hills.  For  this  purpose  we  use  a 
small,  low-growing  flint,  which  rarely 
grows  over  five  feet  high  and  makes 
many  small  ears.  We  fertilize  this  corn 
and  give  good  culture,  and  usually  in 
early  August  sow  a  mixture  of  Crimson 
clover  and  Cow-horn  turnips  over  the 
field  and  cultivate  it  in.  What  is  left 
of  this  cover  crop  is  plowed  under  in 
Spring.  After  a  fair  trial  of  this  we 
shall  give  it  up.  The  trees  have  made 
a  fine  growth  under  this  treatment,  and 
fair  crops  of  corn  have  been  grown,  but 
I  am  convinced  that  after  six  years  old 
if  you  are  to  plow  and  work  the  whole 
of  an  apple  orchard  von  would  better 
keep  other  crops  out  of  it. 

Still  another  plan  is  the  familiar  one 
of  plowing  the  orchard  and  working  it 
constantly  through  the  Summer  with  the 
Acme  or  the  spring-tooth  harrow.  We 
have  tried  that  on  several  fields,  and 
there  can  be  no  doubt  that  this  form  of 
culture  drives  the  trees  into  growth.  We 
have  also  various  modifications  of  the 
above  plans.  As  the  result  of  about 
ten  years’  observation  our  plans  this 
year  will  be  about  as  follows :  Within 
three  weeks  after  planting  the  little 


trees  we  expect  to  plow  four  or  five 
furrows  on  each  side  of  the  rows  and 
keep  these  strips  cultivated.  If  we  can 
find  time  for  it  before  the  middle  of  June 
the  middles  will  also  be  plowed  and 
white  beans  or  cow  peas  planted  in  hills. 
They  will  be  cultivated — the  vines  later 
being  put  around  the  trees  as  a  mulch. 
All  the  rest  of  our  orchards  are  in  sod 
or  in  rye.  The  older  trees  will  be  left 
in  sod  with  such  manure  as  we  have  put 
on  and  fertilizer  added.  The  grass  will 
mostly  be  left  on  the  ground.  On  the 
hill  among  the  rye  we  shall  plow  five 
or  six  feet  on  each  side  of  the  tree  rows, 
cultivate  thoroughly  on  this  strip  and  let 
the  rye  go  to  grain — disk  the  stubble 
and  sow  vetch  and  rye  all  over — up  to 
the  trees.  We  have  settled  upon  this 
plan  as  best  for  our  situation.  On  two 
blocks  of  trees  we  shall  try  “intense  cul¬ 
ture”  still  further.  One  is  a  block  of 
peach  trees — the  other  mixed  peach  and 
apple.  These  will  be  plowed  early  and 
then  worked  up  to  August,  when  rye  and 
vetch  will  be  seeded.  We  have  demon¬ 
strated,  I  think,  that  on  moist,  natural 
grass  lands  a  good  apple  orchard  can 
be  developed  from  the  sod  without  any 
cultivation  whatever.  This  can  also  be 
done  on  lighter  lands  where  it  is  possible 
to  get  manure,  straw  or  trash  to  pile 
around  the  trees.  On  many  of  our 
eastern  farms  this  mulching  material  is 
hard  to  find,  and  on  thin  old  land  grass 
is  scanty.  In  order  to  practise  mulch¬ 
ing  successfully  you  must  have  a  sod 
almost  like  a  lawn,  and  you  cannot  get 
that  on  thin,  shallow  hill  soil  without 
the  most  careful  culture  and  heavy  feed¬ 
ing.  We  have  worked  to  develop  what 
may  be  called  a  “rough  and  ready 
orchard,”  and  we  find  that  on  this  one 
hilly  farm  no  single  system  can  be  said 
to  be  best  for  all  conditions. 

As  for  fertilizers,  probably  the  simplest 
plan  would  be  to  use  a  standard  mixture 
of  three  parts  of  fine  ground  bone  to  one 
of  sulphate  of  potash.  Then,  if  the  tree 
does  not  grow  as  it  ought  to,  add  nitrate 
of  soda  as  needed.  I  could  not  tell  how 
much  to  use  to  a  tree — we  go  pretty 
much  by  the  tree’s  general  appearance. 
The  bone  meal  and  potash  will  usually 
be  enough  for  a  tree  up  to  five  or  six 
years  old,  on  fair  soil.  If  it  does  not 
grow  and  looks  dumpy  and  light-colored 
add  nitrate,  but  be  sure  this  dull  condi¬ 
tion  is  not  due  to  borers  or  scale  or 
disease,  for  all  the  nitrate  that  ever  was 
mined  will  not  overcome  these  things. 
An  ideal  way  for  a  farmer  or  fruit 
grower  to  feed  his  crops  is  to  provide 
all)  or  nearly  all,  of  his  needed  organic 
nitrogen  from  the  farm  by  growing 
clover,  peas  or  beans,  vetch  or  Alfalfa. 
In  that  case  he  will  need  to  try  only 
nitrate  to  give  quick  growth  when 
needed.  In  phosphoric  acid  we  have  a 
wide-  range  in  bone,  acid  phosphate  and 
basic  slag.  I  like  ground  bone,  but  it 
is  expensive  and  more  or  less  adul¬ 
terated.  Acid  phosphate  is  soluble  and 
is  particularly  good  for  use  on  the  soil, 
since  the  trees  must  have  something  that 
will  dissolve  and  be  carried  into  the  soil 
at  once.  That  is  why  a  mixture  of  acid 
phosphate,  nitrate  and  potash  is  usually 
preferred  in  soil  culture.  All  these 
chemicals  are  soluble,  and  they  will  get 
down.  One  objection  to  acid  phosphate 
is  that  it  is  sour,  and  continued  use  of  it 
adds  to  the  acid  in  the  soil.  In  our 
country  we  have  too  much  of  this  now. 
That  is  one  reason  why  bone  is  better, 
and  in  many  localities  basic  slag  is 
better  yet,  for  it  contains  a  large  amount 
of  lime,  and  will  sweeten  the  soil.  I 
would  rather  use  the  slag  on  cultivated 
orchards,  for  it  will  prove  more  satis¬ 
factory  when  worked  into  the  soil  rather 
than  left  on  top.  Sulphate  of  potash 
costs  more  than  the  muriate,  but  in  the 
long  run  for  fruit  growers  I  think  it  will 
pay  to  use  sulphate.  This  is  especially 
true  where  your  soil  needs  lime,  or 
where  you  are  using  lime,  for  the  muriate 
will  combine  to  take  the  lime  out  of  the 
soil.  For  the  little  tree  set  this  year  on 
poor  ground  we  shall  throw  a  good- 
sized  handful  around  each  tree  —  not 
close  up,  but  in  a  spread  of  two  feet. 
Then  hoe  or  cultivate  in,  and  if  you 
can  get  weeds,  manure,  sods — trash  of 
any  sort — put  it  around  the  trees.  When 
you  come  to  mulch  the  large  young  trees 
do  not  pile  the  stuff  close  up  around  the 
trunk.  Get  it  out,  away  from  them 
where  it  is  needed.  In  weeding  straw¬ 
berries  and  garden  crops  we  put  the 
weeds  in  baskets  or  crates  and  dump  it 
all  around  the  trees. 

When  it  comes  to  pruning  we  shall 
do  little  of  it  this  year,  since  the  seven- 
teen-year  locusts  are  upon  us.  Later  I 
will  show  some  pictures  of  our  trees 
which  will  illustrate  pruning  better  than 
I  can  describe  it.  This  promises  to  be 
a  good  apple  year  with  us  and  we  have 
arsenate  of  lead  for  the  Codling  worm 
and  its  friends.  H.  w.  c. 


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SYRACUSE.  N.  Y.' 


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Why  not  he  sure  of  the  quality 
and  workmanship  of  your  clothes? 

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:E 


RANGER”  BICYCLES 

Have  imported  roller  chains ,  sprockets  and 
pedals;  New  Departure  Coaster- Brakes  and 
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lODAYS’FREE  TRIALS 

I  \tnysn\%  freight  prepaid^  anywhere  in  U.  S., 
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J  price  until  you  get  our  big  new  catalog  and 
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A  postal  brings  everything.  Write  it  now. 
TIDCC  Coaster  Brake  Rear  Wheels,  lamps, 
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Rider  Agents  everywhere  are  coining  money  selling  our  bi¬ 
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Manufacturers  of 

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Ad’S,S.  K.  CAMPBELL,  Central  Bridge.Sf.Y. 


THRESHERS 


April  22, 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’H  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


A  Square  Deal 
Shoe  for 
Farmers 

Here  is  the 
most  durable 

work  shoe  that  has  ever  been  put  to¬ 
gether,  sold  at  the  most  reasonable 
price  and  under  the  strongest  guar¬ 
antee  that  can  be  given  a  shoe. 

We  make  this  positive  assertion 
because  we  know  there  is  not  another 
shoe  of  its  kind  made  today  that  com¬ 
bines  such  stout  leather  and  honest 
making. 

For  vamps  and  uppers  we  use  such 
leathers  as  old-fashioned  French  Kip, 
oil-tanned  moose  hide  and  saddle 
pieces  of  calf.  They  are  soft  and  pli¬ 
able  to  the  touch  and  wear  like  iron. 

The  soles,  outside  and  insole,  are 
of  first  quality  hemlock-tanned  steer’s 
hide  firmly  fastened  with  brass  stand¬ 
ard  screws  or  maple  pegs.  This  is  the 
old-fashioned  shoe  bottom  that  has 
never  been  equalled  for  wear. 

The 

Haskin-Granger 

Shoe 

Is  strictly  a  work  shoe.  We  do  not 
attempt  style.  We  have  cornered 
comfort  and  durability.  We  own  and 
operate  our  own  factory.  We  have 
spared  no  expense  or  effort  to  make 
the  most  serviceable,  wear -proof, 
water-proof  shoe  that  can  be  made  by 
skilled  hands  from  perfect  materials. 

We  are  selling  the  Haskin-Granger 
shoe  direct  to  the  farmer,  dividing 
with  him  the  middleman’s  profit 

We  sell  on  the  guarantee  of  complete 
satisfaction.  All  we  specify 
is  ordinary  care. 

Write  Dept.  A  for  illus¬ 
trations  of  leading  styles 
and  complete  descriptions. 

For  our  reliability  we 
refer  to  the  Citizen’s  Trust 
Co.,  Utica,  N.  Y.,  or  any 
bank  in  Utica. 


The  Haskin  Shoe 
Mfg.  Company 

Stittville 
New  York 


6  A 


Figure  on 
Painting 
This  Spring 

A  second  short  flax 
crop  keeps  linseed  oil 
up,  but  the  increase  in 
price  in  pure  white  lead 
paint  is  not  so  great  as 
you  may  fear. 

Get  at  your  dealer’s 
the  cost  of  100  pounds 
of  “ Dutch  Boy  Painter" 
White  Lead,  4  gals,  pure 
linseed  oil,  1  gal.  tur¬ 
pentine,  1  pint  turpentine  drier— this  makes 
8  gallons  of  old-fashioned  paint. 

Compare  this  cost,  either  by  the  gallon  or  by 
the  job.  with  what  you  used  to  pay  for  paint. 

You’ll  find  the  difference  so  small  that  you 
can’t  afford  to  put  off  painting,  or  to  paint  with 
anything  except  “Dutch  Boy  Painter 
Lead.  Write  for  free  Painting  Helps  No.  1408 

NATIONAL  LEAD  COMPANY 

Offices  in  the  ftllnuing  cities: 

New  York  Boston  Buffalo 
Cincinnati  Cleveland  St.  Loma 
San  Francisco 

(John  T.  Lewis  A  Bros.  Co.. 

Philadelphia) 

(National  Lead  and  Oil  Co.. 

Pittsburgh) 


it 


FUMA 


99r  kills  Prairie  Dogs, 
Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
and  Grain  Insects. 
“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small."  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

Bw”th  “Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide’ll  Sffi 

EDWARD  R.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Van,  N.  V. 


c 


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PERTH  AMBOY  CHEMICAL  COMPANY 

100  WILLIAM  STREET,  NEW  YORK 


1011. 


THE  RURAL-  NEW-YORKER 


S  23 


Ruralisms 


A  TALK  ABOUT  GRAPES. 

One  of  the  newer  grapes  which  seems 
to  excite  nothing  but  favorable  comment 
is  the  King,  introduced  by  Munson  of 
Michigan.  It  is  a  chance  seedling  ap¬ 
parently  of  Concord  blood,  but  surpasses 
that  standard  in  several  particulars.  The 
berries  are  extra  large,  tough-skinned, 
good  quality;  the  vines  are  hardy  and 
very  vigorous.  The  clusters  are  shorter 
and  more  compact  than  the  Concord. 
In  all  it  has  the  appearance  of  a  fine 
market  variety  whose  size  will  always 
make  it  a  good  seller.  The  one  year  it 
has  borne  here  won  for  it  a  good  im¬ 
pression.  Worden  is  a  fine  grape  here 
so  far  as  heavy  bearing  of  large  clusters 
of  showy  grapes  are  concerned,  but  it  is 
forever  barred  from  popular  favor  by  its 
habit  of  ripening  unevenly.  It  is  said 
this  can  largely  be  avoided  by  close  prun¬ 
ing,  but  the  average  grower  cannot  be 
educated  to  cater  to  individual  peculiar¬ 
ities.  He  will  continue  to  prune  all  va¬ 
rieties  according  to  one  rule,  and  those 
which  do  not  respond  will  be  discarded. 
One  thing  is  certain,  and  that  is  that  too 
heavy  a  crop  will  produce  uneven  ripen¬ 
ing,  even  in  the  Concord.  Still  there 
are  some  varieties  that  have  never  shown 


also  passed  over  for  the  blacks.  The  | 
Delaware,  if  given  rich  soil,  is  a  heavy 
producer  of  its  small  bunches,  compar¬ 
ing  even  with  the  Green  Mountain.  YVith 
a  little  special  fertilizing  it  could  be  made 
profitable  for  market,  especially  at  the 
extra  price  it  always  commands.  For 
an  extra  early  the  Green  Mountain  will 
be  hard  to  displace,  because  of  its  fine 
all-round  qualities,  and  especially  by  rea¬ 
son  of  its  high  quality.  It  is  the  first 
grape  here  that  is  sweet  enough  to  be 
eaten.  The  black  rot  is  prevalent  here 
in  the  Middle  West,  and  vines  must  be 
sprayed  to  insure  sound  fruit.  Very 
luckily,  however,  the  grape  excels  the 
tree  fruits  in  having  a  number  of  varie¬ 
ties  that  are  practically  immune  from 
the  rot.  This  is  of  great  importance  to 
the  small  householder  who  cannot  be 
made  to  undertake  spraying.  It  is  also 
of  service  to  the  larger  vineyardist,  who 
sometimes  finds  his  spraying  inadequate 
on  account  of  a  rainy  season  or  some 
such  contingency.  As  a  rule  these  rot- 
proof  grapes  are  not  of  the  highest 
quality,  but  would  be  highly  prized  in 
the  absence  of  all  others.  Among  these 
sorts  are  the  Ives,  Montefiore,  Norton’s 
Virginia,  all  black ;  white,  Elvira ;  red, 
Perkins.  Besides  these  there  are  several 
which  can  usually  be  relied  on  for  ex¬ 
emption.  Some  of  these  are  the  Early 
Ohio,  Delaware,  Woodruff,  Wyoming 
Red,  Lutie  and  Green  Mountain.  It  will 


THE  NEW  KING  GRAPE.  Fig.  178. 


this  sign  of  protest  against  unfair  bur¬ 
dens,  such  as  Campbell’s  Early  and  Ives. 
Ives  is  never  included  in  a  list  of  table 
grapes,  but  canned,  with  pulp  and  skin 
separated,  _we  find  it  the  best  of  all.  Thus 
prepared  it  is  rich  and  appetizing  and 
relished  by  the  sick.  It  is  a  Ben  Davis 
among  grapes,  flourishing  in  any  kind  of 
a  soil,  always  to  be  relied  on  for  a  large 
crop  and  among  the  first  to  color,  though 
not  to  ripen.  It  is  largely  raised  for 
wine.  I  should  include  it  among  a  fam¬ 
ily  collection  for  its  never-failing  qual¬ 
ities  of  production  under  all  conditions. 
It  also  should  have  close  pruning,  for 
with  the  usual  amount  of  wood  it  will 
load  itself  to  excess. 

The  Lutie  is  another  sterling  producer 
of  heavy  annual  crops  that  commends 
itself  to  the  multitude.  It  is  red  in  color, 
a  little  under  medium  in  bunch  and  ber¬ 
ry,  firm,  compact,  fair  in  quality  and 
sells  well;  vigorous  and  hardy  in  vine, 
and  a  good  match  for  the  Ives,  but  bet¬ 
ter  in  quality.  Moore’s  Diamond  and 
Niagara  run  so  close  a  race  here  that  it 
is  hard  to  decide  between  them.  They 
are  both  large  and  beautiful  in  cluster 
and  well  matched  in  all  respects.  If  I 
had  to  make  a  choice,  I  believe  I  should 
take  Moore’s,  but,  beautiful  as  they  are, 
they  do  not  sell  equal  to  the  blacks.  For 
market  I  should  plant  10  blacks  to  one 
white.  The  reds  are  more  attractive  to . 
the  public,  but  where  the  excellence  of 
the  Delaware  is  unknown  I  have  seen  it 


be  admitted  that  this  is  not  a  bad  col¬ 
lection,  and  that  one  could  live  very  con¬ 
tentedly  if  debarred  from  all  others.  As 
cheap  precautions  against  the  rot  we  are 
collecting  all  mummied  grapes  in  bas¬ 
kets  as  we  prune  and  burning  them ;  we 
are  also  plowing  the  middles  quite  early 
so  as  to  turn  under  any  rot  recept.'  les 
that  may  be  on  the  ground. 

Missouri  has  some  cause  to  be  proud 
of  her  record  in  connection  with  spray¬ 
ing.  It  was  in  the  Ozarks  that  Prof.  W. 
M.  Scott  of  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Indus¬ 
try  made  his  famous  experiments  that 
demonstrated  the  value  of  the  self-boiled 
lime-sulphur  as  a  fungicide  for  trees  in 
foliage.  Since  then  this  spray  has  largely 
displaced  the  Bordeaux  Mixture.  It  is 
cheaper,  more  easily  prepared  and  much 
more  comprehensive,  for  it  proves  to  be 
an  insecticide  (when  a  contact  spray  will 
answer)  as  well  as  a  fungicide.  It  was 
also  in  Missouri  that  Prof.  Estes  P.  Tay¬ 
lor,  in  charge  of  a  sub-station  for  fruit 
experimentation,  discovered  that  arsenate 
of  lead  alone  is  a  fairly  good  specific 
for  peach  rot  by  destroying  the  curculio 
and  thus  preventing  the  puncture  of  the 
peach  skin  through  which  it  was  found 
the  rot  spores  made  their  chief  entry. 
He  also  discovered  that  this  two  pounds 
of  arsenate  of  lead  to  50  gallons  of  water 
had  an  unguessed  fungicidal  power  by 
which  it  controlled  the  scab. 

L.  R.  JOHNSON. 

Cape  Girardeau  Co.,  Mo. 


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524 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER. 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes. 

Established  1860. 

Publl»hed  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  Street,  New  York. 

Herbert  W.  Collingwood,  President  and  Editor, 

Johk  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Boylb.  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR. 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  $2.04,  oqual  to 
8s.  6d„  or  S1^  marks,  or  10*2  francs.  Remit  in  money  ordor, 
express  order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 


Advertising  rates  00  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  timt 
orders.  References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to 
us;  and  cash  trust  accompany  transient  orders. 

"A  SQUARE  DEAL.” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a 
responsible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any 
loss  to  paid  subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler 
advertising  in  ourcolumns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  ex¬ 
posed.  Wo  protect  subcribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee 
to  adjust  trifling  differences  between  subscribers  and  honest,  respon¬ 
sible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be  responsible  for  the  debts  of 
honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts.  Notice  of  the  complaint 
must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of  the  transaction, 
and  you  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker  when 
writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  fanners  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory,  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

Sorry  that  the  truth  makes  us  say  it,  but  Senator 
Elihu  B.  Root  of  New  York  has  taken  a  front  seat 
among  the  “careful  consideration”  class ! 

* 

The  latest  word  on  lime-sulphur '  for  brown  rot, 
scab  and  other  peach  troubles  is  what  you  want — if 
at  all  interested  in  the  subject.  You  will  get  it  in 
Farmers’  Bulletin  No.  440,  issued  by  the  U.  S.  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture.  It  would  be  hard  to  figure 
how  much  good  the  experiments  detailed  in  this  pam¬ 
phlet  have  done.  It  will  save  enough  for  peach 
growers  to  pay  all  the  cost  of  the  National  Depart¬ 
ment — and  more. 

* 

The  New  Jersey  Horticultural  Society  voted  at  its 
last  meeting  to  make  a  display  of  Jersey  fruit  in  New 
York  and  Philadelphia.  Lying  between  these  two 
great  cities  New  Jersey  has  a  great  chance  to  advertise 
her  farm  products.  Plenty  of  merchants  would  will¬ 
ingly  display  the  fruit  if  asked  to  do  so.  The  State 
has  produced  many  trusts  and  mosquitoes  but  we 
would  like  it  understood  also  that  Jersey  apples  at 
their  best  are  the  finest  grown.  This  advertising 
scheme  is  a  good  one.  It  is  said  that  New  Jersey  has 
one  inhabitant  for  less  than  two  acres  of  territory. 
That  is  crowding  them  close,  but  what  a  market  for 
good  fruit ! 

* 

Under  the  pure  food  and  drug  laws  an  article  is 
adulterated  “if  it  is  mixed,  colored,  powdered,  coated, 
or  stained  in  a  manner  whereby  damage  or  inferiority 
is  concealed.”  It  has  become  a  custom  in  some 
localities  to  pick  green  oranges  and  keep  them  in  a 
warm  moist  room  until  they  change  to  a  yellow  color. 
This  fruit  changes  in  color  but  not  in  character.  There 
is  no  useful  change  in  sugar  or  acid,  and  each  green 
orange  is  still  a  hall  of  stomach  ache  for  a  child, 
though  disguised  in  a  yellow  coat.  The  Food  Inspec¬ 
tion  Board  now  decides  that  such  disguised  green 
fruit  are  “adulterated”  in  the  meaning  of  the  law. 
They  will  be  after  the  green  peaches  next ! 

* 

“I  can  beat  that  l”  No  doubt  a  good  share  of  our 
hen  men  will  say  that  when  they  read  Mr.  Dougan’S 
full  report  for  March.  There  is  nothing  remarkable 
about  the  record,  and  that  is  what  we  like  about  it. 
The  R.  N.-Y.  is  after  the  truth,  whether  it  be  clad 
in  feathers  or  in  fur — or  without  any  clothing.  There 
have  been  so  many  wild  and  improbable  stories  about 
hens  that  we  want  a  plain  statement  of  the  average. 
It  looks  as  if  we  should  get  that  in  this  hen  record. 
If  we  had  a  cow  working  against  those  hens  the 
owner  might  think  he  had  the  contest  won  already. 
Wait!  This  is  only  one  month.  Mrs.  Leghorn  and 
Mrs.  Wyandotte  know  their  business,  and  they  will 
attend  to  it. 

* 

Our  people  are  becoming  experts  at  two  kinds  of 
writing — that  is,  letters  to  their  local  papers  and  to 
their  Congressmen.  Many  of  the  local  papers  are 
dominated  by  the  politicians  and  advertisers.  They 
are  afraid  to  antagonize  either  of  these  classes — there¬ 
fore  their  discussion  of  such  subjects  as  parcels  post 
or  reciprocity  is  one-sided  and  often  unfair.  As  is 
usually  the  case,  farmers  have  no  one  to  help  them,  so 
they  proceed  to  help  themselves  by  sending  brief  let¬ 
ters  right  to  these  local  papers.  Some  of  the  strong¬ 
est  and  clearest  articles  we  have  read  were  prepared 
in  this  way.  Some  of  these  local  papers  refuse  at 
first  to  print  the  letters.  The  farmers  have  a  most 


effective  answer:  “You  can  stop  my  paper.  I  do  not 
want  it  unless  you  can  give  us  a  fair  show!”  In  these 
days  of  telephones  and  rural  delivery  it  is  easy  for 
farmers  to  get  together  in  a  thing  of  this  sort.  They 
form  the  backbone  of  the  local  paper’s  business.  It 
cannot  live  without  them,  and  they  have  the  right  to 
demand  that  their  side  shall  be  heard.  They  are 
being  heard.  And  some  of  these  “careful  considera¬ 
tion”  Congressmen  are  getting  straight  talk  such  as 
they  never  had  before.  We  have  copies  of  many  of 
these  letters,  and  some  of  them  are  models.  The 
hopeful  thing  is  that  these  farmers  are  no  longer 
afraid  of  a  Congressman.  They  have  been  fed  on 
“careful  consideration”  until  they  are  sick  and  tired  of 
the  dose.  Now  they  mean  business,  and  any  man  who 
is  abie  to  read  can  realize  it.  Farmers  cannot  do  any 
better  political  work  than  keep  up  these  two  kinds  of 
writing. 

* 

It  is  stated  on  good  authority  that  money  is  being 
spent  systematically  to  manufacture  a  “war  scare.”  At 
intervals  you  notice  in  the  daily  papers  hints  at  a  war 
with  Japan  or  Germany.  There  is  no  reason  why 
the  United  States  should  fight  these  countries  or  any 
others,  yet  some  of  the  “interests”  would  like  to  make 
war  seem  probable.  The  object  is  to  create  a  “patriot¬ 
ic”  feeling  that  will  compel  Congress  to  build  a 
larger  navy  and  grant  subsidies  to  steamship  lines. 
This  contemptible  work  ought  to  be  exposed  by  every 
honest  paper  in  the  land.  Farmers  always  carry  the 
butt  end  of  a  subsidy,  and  get  nothing  for  their  labor. 
Their  only  hope  of  getting  what  they  need  from 
Congress  is  to  stamp  on  “war  scares”  and  make 
Congressmen  “ply  the  arts  of  peace.” 

* 

If  we  are  asked  to  hand  a  prize  to  the  most  careful 
of  all  the  “careful  consideration”  statesmen  at  Wash¬ 
ington  we  should  from  our  present  information  ask 
Senator  Page  of  Vermont  to  stand  up.  The  Green 
Mountain  boys  tried  to  put  him  on  record  regarding 
Canadian  reciprocity.  The  Senator  promised  “careful 
consideration.”  The  papers  of  Vermont  were  largely 
in  favor  of  the  measure,  hut  Air.  Page  is  so  careful 
that  he  concluded  to  go  outside  their  pages  for  in¬ 
formation  so  he  went  home  and  invited  opinions.  He 
got  them  right  straight  from  the  farm.  He  found  that 
these  papers  were  talking  for  a  small  minority.  The 
great  mass  of  Vermont  people  opposed  reciprocity, 
when  they  got  the  chance  they  swept  the  local  papers 
to  one  side  and  made  their  Senator  look  like  a  page  of 
well-worn  history. 

* 

Ox  Saturday  the  Candor  and  Spencer  Breeders'  Asso¬ 
ciation  sold  at  auction  at  the  hotel  barns  in  this  village 
the  Percheron  stallion.  Duke  of  Fremont.  Melvin  Per- 
soneus  was  the  successful  bidder,  the  price  paid  being 
$280.  This  horse  is  seven  years  old,  stands  17  hands  and 
weighs  about  1.700  pounds.  At  the  time  the  association 
was  formed  some  two  or  three  years  ago,  the  price  paid 
for  this  horse  was  .$2,100.  This  deal  was  no  exception 
to  the  rule,  as  with  the  cost  of  maintaining  such  an  ani¬ 
mal,  and  the  large  number  of  stockholders  to  please  nearly 
every  venture  of  this  kind  proves  unsuccessful. 

The  item  is  taken  from  a  local  paper  in  New  York. 
We  print  it  as  another  chapter  in  the  “Horse  Com¬ 
pany”  discussion.  We  are  still  waiting  for  some  one 
to  come  forward  with  the  figures  to  show  that  one 
of  those  companies  has  even  paid  out.  We  are  on 
record  as  advocating  the  use  of  good  stallions.  New 
York  offers  great  opportunities  for  raising  high-class 
horses,  but  organized  horse  companies  does  not  seem 
to  be  the  way  to  get  at  it.  We  are  down  on  any  game 
for  “organizing”  farmers  on  a  basis  of  inflated  capital 
where  the  other  party  gets  the  money  and  the  fanners 
get  the  wind. 

* 

In  England  the  farmers  have  an  Agricultural  Or¬ 
ganization  Society  which  has  been  very  successful. 
At  the  end  of  1909  there  were  321  societies  in  the 
organization,  with  19,500  members.  Both  buying  and 
selling  were  done,  and  during  the  year  there  was  a 
total  business  of  about  $4,300,000.  There  were  also 
103  other  societies  outside  of  the  large  organization. 
These  organizations  insure  property,  buy  seeds,  fer¬ 
tilizers,  grain  and  machinery,  and  sell  all  sorts  of 
farm  produce.  There  arc  15  “egg  and  poultry  socie¬ 
ties.”  They  sold  over  $65,000  worth  of  their  produce, 
and  18  dairy  societies  sold  $300,000  worth.  Most  of 
this  was  evidently  handled  by  parcels  post.  The  Eng¬ 
lish  government,  through  the  Board  of  Agriculture, 
gives  financial  aid  to  the  A.  O.  S.  because  it  helps 
organize  farmers,  and  this  helps  consumers  by  en¬ 
abling  them  to  get  closer  to  producers.  It  would  be 
impossible  for  these  English  societies  to  do  this  great 
business  if  they  were  held  up  as  our  farmers  are  by 
express  extortion  and  middlemen.  It  appears  that  co¬ 
operative  buying  and  selling  is  the  salvation  of  the 
English  farmer.  What  wonders  it  would  work  in 
this  country! 


April  22, 

The  trains  'are  coming  any  old  time  except  on  schedule 
time.  There  is  a  freight  blockade  at  Smyrna  of  160  cars, 
from  the  main  line.  Much  of  it  is  for  the  6,000  victims  of 
misrepresentations  advertised  by  land  syndicates  who  are 
beguiling  credulous  individuals  to  ruin  financially,  and 
hardships  indescribable  by  trying  to  make  homes  on  the 
lands  to  which  they  have  come  along  the  east  coast  of 
Florida.  When  will  people  learn  that  it  is  never  safe  to 
trust  the  statements  of  real  estate  agents  on  land  dickers? 

This  is  taken  from  the  Volusia  Co.  Record,  Florida. 
We  have  many  other  reports  of  a  like  nature.  Train 
service  is  held  up  and  thousands  of  dollars  worth  of 
produce  will  be  ruined  through  inability  to  ship.  We 
have  done  our  best  to  tell  the  truth  about  Florida. 
Most  of  the  work  done  by  land  boomers  and  sharks 
in  luring  victims  into  buying  land  is  positively  wicked. 
How  we  would  like  to  take  half  a  dozen  of  those 
rascals  and  make  them  work  out  a  living  through  their 
own  sweat  on  the  very  land  which  they  praise  so  highly. 

* 

From  time  to  time  we  have  explained  about  those 
so-called  “butter”  makers  which  churn  in  one  minute 
or  turn  water  into  butter.  They  usually  work  on  the 
principle  of  an  eggbeater,  turning  the  milk  into  a 
sort  of  slimy  mess  like  a  watered  pot  cheese.  The 
latest  development  of  this  thing  is  detailed  in  a  gov¬ 
ernment  circular: 

Investigations  have  shown  that  there  has  lately  come 
into  use  in  the  trade  an  apparatus  known  as  a  “homo- 
genizer,”  which  has  the  faculty  of  so  disrupting  the  glo¬ 
bules  of  fat  that  a  whole  milk  homogenized  does  not  per¬ 
mit  the  separation  of  the  cream  through  the  ordinary 
gravity  methods.  In  like  manner  butter  or  other  fat  and 
skimmed  milk  passed  through  the  homogenizer  form  a 
product  from  which  the  butter  does  not  separate  on 
standing  and  which  resembles  in  its  other  physical  char¬ 
acteristics  whole  milk.  Investigations  have  further  shown 
that  butter  and  skimmed  milk  are  passed  through  the 
homogenizer  to  form  so-called  “cream,”  which  is  used  in 
place  of  real  cream  in  the  manufacture  of  ice  cream. 

Over  1,000  years  ago  the  “dairymen”  of  that  age 
“homogenized”  milk  by  putting  it  in  a  hide,  tying  the 
hide  to  a  horse’s  tail  and  running  him  over  rough 
ground.  That  old  citizen  was  more  honest  than  the 
modern  “homogenizer,”  for  his  stuff  was  genuine  and 
not  a  counterfeit.  The  government  decides  that  the 
stuff  which  comes  out  of  this  machine  is  neither 
butter,  milk,  cream  nor  “ice  cream.”  We  warn  our 
readers  that  if  they  try  to  sell  this  “homogenized” 
milk  they  will  run  up  against  a  Federal  law — almost 

as  unhealthy  a  journey  as  they  could  take. 

* 

It  seems  quite  evident  that  Congress  will  do  nothing 
about  parcels  post  at  the  special  session.  We  do  not 
expect  much  help  before  the  regular  session,  at  which 
time  we  believe  it  will  be  possible  to  get  Congress 
going.  None  can  be  more  desirous  than  we  are  to 
see  a  fair  parcels  post  in  operation,  but  the  fact  is  that 
our  people  must  hammer  Congress  harder  than  ever 
before  we  can  hope  for  it.  The  outlook  for  reciprocity 
is  that  the  House  will  soon  pass  a  bill  much  like  the 
one  advocated  by  President  Taft.  It  will  be  held  up 
in  the  Senate,  but  will  probably  go  through  with  some 
little  changes.  The  Democrats  in  Congress  will  use 
reciprocity  with  Canada  as  the  basis  for  reducing 
the  tariff.  The  main  opposition  has  come  from 
farmers  for,  as  we  have  stated,  the  other  interests 
abandoned  the  farmers  when  they  thought  the  farm 
vote  was  no  longer  needed.  President  Taft  intro¬ 
duced  the  reciprocity  bill  near  the  end  of  the  last 
session  of  Congress  evidently  not  expecting  any  great 
opposition.  The  farmers  felt  that  their  interests  were 
being  sacrificed  and  they  put  up  such  a  strong  fight 
for  fair  play  that  the  bill  was  held  up.  The  Demo¬ 
crats  now  come  forward  with  what  they  call  a  “farm¬ 
ers,  free  list”  or  a  bill  to  remove  the  tariff  from  some 
100  articles  which  farmers  now  buy  at  high  figures. 
This  recognizes  the  injustice  of  the  reciprocity  bill 
as  it  stands  alone.  The  tariff  reduction  on  things 
which  the  farmer  buys  is  offered  as  compensation  for 
the  removal  of  protection  on  what  he  has  to  sell. 
This  much  has  been  gained  by  the  agitation  for 
fair  play  for  farm  products. 


BREVITIES. 

The  confirmed  egg  eater  is  ordained  for  the  chicken  pie. 

In  sowing  grain  to  be  cut  for  fodder  use  about  one- 
fourth  more  seed  than  for  grain  production. 

This  scheme  of  working  off  the  crows  by  scattering  corn 
over  the  fields  !  How  do  you  operate  in  cases  where  it  is 
necessary  to  use  a  weeder  or  harrow  before  the  corn  comes 
up?  That  covers  the  corn.  What  do  the  crows  do  then? 

Some  judge  of  human  nature  has  found  a  new  one  for 
milk.  The  Japanese  use  but  little  of  it  and  are  silent  and 
taciturn.  The  Tibetans  use  it  freely  and  arc  gay  and 
good  natured.  The  cow  seems  to  “scatter  sunshine.” 

Here  is  a  new  one  to  us:  “Horses  are  so  high  that  I  am 
thinking  seriously  of  bringing  up  a  steer,  for  the  cultivator 
and  a  one-horse  plow.  What  breed  would  you  recommend? 
I  would  be  sincerely  obliged  if  your  readers  would  give 
hints  on  training.” 

Yes,  sir,  there  are  half  a  dozen  people  trying  to  sell 
churns  which  run  like  a  Dig  egg  beater  and  smash  up  the 
milk  or  cream.  They  make  a  sort  of  thick  mess  like  a 
soft  pot  cheese.  It  isn’t  butter,  and  anyone  who  says  it 
is  ought  to  be  made  to  live  on  it. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


626 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 
The  “Sucker  List”  as  an  Asset. 

On  Saturday  last  E.  G.  Lewis  and  the 
Lewis  Publishing  Company  gave  a  chattel 
mortgage  on  “Art  Institute,  etc.”  for  $7,000 
to  Taxile  Doate,  the  French  artist  in 
Lewis's  employ;  and  on  Monday  the  Amer¬ 
ican  Woman's  League  gave  Adelaide  Ilob- 
ineau  and  husband  a  chattel  mortgage  foik 
$3,620  on  54  vases  of  art  ware.  Claims  in 
the  hands  of  attorneys  are  in  suit  amount¬ 
ing  to  $50,000.  The  suits  are  pending  in 
the  county  courts.  Notes  and  mortgages 
outstanding  and  due  against  the  Lewis  Pub¬ 
lishing  Company  are  said  to  amount  to  close 
to  a  million  dollars. 

A  Mr.  Williams  of  New  York,  who  has 
been  engineering  an  examination  of  the 
Lewis  concerns  by  accountants  for  Class 
A  publishers,  has  left  for  New  York,  and 
for  some  reason  the  examination  was 
abruptly  ended.  It  is  reported  that  he  is 
trying  to  get  himself  appointed  as  trustee 
of  the  Lewis  enterprises  and  avoid  any 
criminal  action,  but  it  is  not  clear  here 
what  interest  the  publishers  could  have  in 
fostering  his  ambition.  The  inquiry  by  the 
Department  of  Justice  and  the  Post  Office 
Department  does  not  seem  to  be  completed, 
and  it  is  the  result  of  this  inquiry  that 
is  causing  nervousness  in  the  Lewis  camps. 
The  grand  jury  is  yet  to  be  heard  from. 

Above  is  a  general  summary  of  re¬ 
ports  from  St.  Louis.  The  work  on 
the  accounts  was  discontinued,  it  is 
reported,  because  the  matters  were  so 
involved  that  it  was  difficult,  if  not  im¬ 
possible,  to  get  any  satisfactory  state¬ 
ment  of  their  condition;  and,  further, 
because  Mr.  Lewis  attempted,  through 
Mr.  Williams,  to  get  consent  to  some 
sort  of  an  agreement  which  would  leave 
Lewis  practically  in  control  and  free  to 
continue  the  borrowing  of  money  with 
a  criminal  immunity  bath.  We  are  told 
that  five  of  the  publishers  promptly 
withdrew  from  the  affair  altogether  and 
refused  to  have  anything  more  to  do 
with  Lewis  or  his  schemes,  and  the 
criminal  immunity  bath  has  not  yet  de¬ 
veloped  to  the  rubbing  down  stage. 

The  interests  of  the  other  publishers 
are  clear  enough  to  anyone  familiar 
with  the  situation.  The  “sucker  list”  is 
the  principal  asset  of  all  promoting 
schemes.  The  membership  of  the 
American  Woman’s  League  is  the 
“sucker  list”  in  the  Lewis  scheme  of 
promotion.  This  is  apparently  not  only 
the  best,  but  practically  the  only  asset 
Lewis  has  left.  These  publishers  would 
like  to  possess  themselves  of  it.  There 
is  not,  as  we  have  said  before,  a  real 
prominent  successful  publisher  among 
them,  and  those  who  had  any  regard  for 
their  future  have  already  withdrawn 
from  the  Lewis  connection.  Others 
have  been  working  the  Lewis  game  on 
their  own  account  in  a  modest  way,  and 
if  Lewis  had  got  away  with  the  game 
the  whole  bunch  of  them  would  ‘have 
been  in  it  with  a  rush.  As  it  is,  “Suc¬ 
cess  Magazine”  which  had  lent  its  en¬ 
tire  influence  to  the  Lewis  fakes,  sold 
$400,000  worth  of  guaranteed  debenture 
gold  bonds  (paper  notes)  to  its  sub¬ 
scribers,  interest  on  which  has  default¬ 
ed,  and  a  total  of  $700,000  indebtedness 
is  now  capitalized  for  nearly  half  a  mil¬ 
lion  more,  and  one  would  think  from 
the  literature  that  the  promoters  were 
conferring  a  favor  on  you  to  allow  you 
to  buy  the  evidence  of  indebtedness  at 
par.  So  over  the  whole  list  of  fake 
publication  securities.  As  I  write  re¬ 
port  comes  of  the  failure  of  Human 
Life  Pub.  Co.,  C’.  E.  Ellis  is  in  a  Fed¬ 
eral  prison,  G.  L.  Richards,  of  Boston, 
is  missing,  Vick’s  Magazine,  Agricul¬ 
tural  Epitomist,  Circle  Magazine,  and 
Spare  Moments  of  Rochester,  N.  Y., 
all  sold  stock  to  the  dear  subscriber. 
Where  are  they  now?  Currier,  of 
Chicago,  paid  dividend  on  stock  while 
he  was  selling  it,  but  not  now.  Colum¬ 
bian  Magazine  is  reported  to  be  now 
paying  dividends  but  500  per  cent  Miller 
paid  dividends.  Wilshire’s  sold  you  a 
gold  brick  in  mining  stock,  and  Herbert 
Myrick  created  the  building  certificate 
fiction  before  he  screwed  up  courage  to 
offer  the  dear  subscribers  stock  of  the 
discredited  Cushman  publications,  and 
the  inflated  stock  of  Good  Housekeeping 
Company.  This  does  not  exhaust  the 
list  by  any  means,  but  it  gives  you  an 
idea  of  what  is  going  on  in  the  cheap 
publishing  promotion  fields.  Now,  can 
you  see  the  interest  they  all  had  in  the 
Lewis  schemes?  His  success  was  their 
opportunity.  If  he  established  a  prece¬ 
dent  with  the  Post  Office  Department  the 
way  was  open  to  all  of  them.  Their 
fight  was  not  for  Lewis.  It  was  for  an 
equal  opportunity  of  plunder  for  them¬ 
selves.  A  more  contemptible  scheme  no 
class  of  men  ever  attempted  on  the  con¬ 
fiding  people  of  any  country.  The  con¬ 
fidence  men  and  the  pickpocket  make 
victims  of  strangers.  These  publishers 
betray  the  confidence  of  their  friends. 

Hirelings  and  notoriety  seekers  will 
not  mind,  but  Mr.  Lewis  has  covered 
the  honest  women  who  went  into  his 
scheme  with  confusion  and  shame.  Pie 
has  stenciled  the  League  members  with 


his  own  brand  of  repudiation  and  trick¬ 
ery.  Contracts  for  the  League  have 
been  repudiated ;  debts  unpaid ;  and  now 
the  few  cups  remaining  have  been 
covered  up  with  chattel  mortgage  to 
the  disadvantage  of  other  creditors,  if 
not  deliberately  to  defraud  them.  And 
this  is  made  the  act  of  the  honest  women 
who  put  their  faith  in  Lewis  through 
his  control  of  the  so-called  League  offi¬ 
cers.  The  women  have  believed  much 
in  his  fake  schemes,  but  we  doubt  if  they 
can  stand  for  this. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — Clarence  S.  Funk,  gen¬ 
eral  manager  of  the  International 
Harvester  Company,  testifying  before  the 
Illinois  State  Senate  bribery  investigating 
committee  on  April  5,  in  the  Lorimer 
bribery  case,  testified  that  Edward  Hines, 
of  Chicago,  a  millionaire  lumber  dealer, 
asked  him  as  manager  of  the  harvester 
company,  to  contribute  $10,000  to  reim¬ 
burse  certain  men  who  had  put  up  a  $100,- 
000  “slush”  fund  to  elect  William  Lori¬ 
mer  to  the  United  States  Senate.  The 
harvester  company  manager  further  testi¬ 
fied  that  Mr.  Hines  named  Edward  Tildcn, 
a  wealthy  Chicago  packer,  as  the  collector 
of  this  fund  to  reimburse  the  men  who, 
as  Mr.  Hines  was  quoted  as  having  said, 
had  “underwritten”  the  election  of  Lori¬ 
mer.  Mr.  Funk  declared  that  the  object 
he  had  in  giving  this  testimony  was  to 
save  H.  IT.  Kohlsaat,  publisher  of  “The 
Chicago  Record-Herald.”  from  a  possible 
jail  sentence  as  a  result  of  Mr.  Kohlsaat’s 
refusal  to  give  certain  information  de¬ 
manded  by  the  committee  last  week.  The 
witness  said  he  had  given  Mr.  Kohl¬ 
saat  information  in  confidence  upon  which 
the  Chicago  publisher  had  based  an 
editorial,  which  charged  the  use  of  a  $100,- 
000  fund  to  elect  Mr.  Lorimer.  resulted 
in  calling  Mr.  Kohlsaat  as  a  witness  be- 
for  the  committee.  Mr.  Kohlsaat  refused  to 
make  known  the  name  of  Mr.  Funk.  The 
Chicago  publisher  was  then  given  one  week’s 
time  in  which  to  divulge  this  name  or  stand 
in  contempt  of  the  Senate  committee.  Mr. 
Funk  testified  that  he  voluntarily  released 
Mr.  Kohlsaat  from  the  pledge  of  con¬ 
fidence  when  he  felt  that  the  publisher 
would  be  sent  to  jail  unless  the  informa¬ 
tion  was  given. 

The  police  of  the  East  22d  street  sta¬ 
tion,  New  York,  was  thrown  into  a  state 
bordering  on  panic  on  April  5  when  it 
was  learned  that  four  goats  inoculated 
with  scarlet  fever  and  diphtheria  germs 
were  at  large  having  been  stolen  from 
the  Willard  Parker  Hospital.  They  had 
been  kept,  so  the  police  assert,  for  ex¬ 
perimental  purposes.  Detective  Burke  scored 
the  neighborhood  and  succeeded  in  finding 
one  of  the  goats  in  the  stable  of  William 
Brooks,  at  614  East  13th  street.  Burke 
got  a  twenty-foot  rope  and  led  the  animal 
to  the  hospital.  Brooks,  who  followed  at 
a  distance,  told  the  detective  that  he  had 
bought  the  goat  for  50  cents.  The  goat 
had  not  been  milked.  They’re  still  hunt¬ 
ing  for  the  others. 

Sidmon  McHie,  Richard  I.  Marr,  Wil¬ 
liam  A.  McHie,  James  F.  Southard.  Frank 
II.  Williams,  Charles  W.  BIckell  and 
Richard  II.  McHie,  of  the  Capital  Invest¬ 
ment  Company  of  Chicago,  and  John  L. 
Diekcs,  representative  of  the  company  in 
Aurora,  Ill.,  were  indicted  April  6  by  the 
Federal  grand  jury  for  using  the  mails 
to  defraud.  John  W.  Rogers,  of  the  firm 
of  W.  It.  Ilolligan  &  Co.,  was  indicted  for 
perjury  in  connection  with  his  testimony 
before  the  grand  jury  when  the  investment 
company  was  being  investigated.  The 
men  indicted  were  arrested  about  three 
months  ago  in  a  spectacular  raid  made 
upon  the  offices  of  the  company  on  the 
eleventh  floor  of  the  Rookery  building.  At 
the  time  of  the  raid  warrants  were  issued 
for  thirty-four  men,  all  of  whom  were  more 
or  less  prominently  known  in  financial 
circles.  Among  them  was  William  J. 
Lloyd,  district  superintendent  of  the  West¬ 
ern  Union  Telegraph  Company.  In  the 
warrant  he  was  charged  with  knowingly 
abetting  the  company  in  conducting  a 
bucket  shop. 

Soon  after  165  convicts  had  gone  into 
the  mines  at  Banner,  20  miles  west  of 
Birmingham,  Ala.,  April  8,  there  was  an 
explosion  over  a  mile  under  ground.  Five 
free  laborers,  including  the  convict  fore¬ 
man,  O.  W.  Spreading,  had  gone  into 
the  mines  with  the  convicts,  and  they 
met  death,  together  with  123  convicts.  The 
mines  are  operated  by  the  Pratt  Consoli¬ 
dated  Coal  Company,  and  the  convicts  are 
hired  from  a  dozen  counties  in  the  State. 
The  men  work  out  sentences  ranging  from 
ten  days  to  three  years.  The  company 
has  at  Banner  282  convicts,  but  the  night 
shift,  those  sick  and  the  farm  hands  left 
only  165  for  work.  Among  those  in  the 
mine  were  fewer  than  20  white  convicts. 
After  the  explosion  several  convicts  who 
had  been  in  mines  before  understood  that 
it  was  a  race  for  life,  and  headed  for 
the  mouth  of  the  mine.  Some  of  them 
warned  their  fellow  workers  to  get  out.  In 
the  race  against  the  black  damp  and  death 
45  negro  convicts  managed  to  get  out. 

An  explosion  in  the  I’ancoast  mine  at 
Throop.  1’a.,  April  7,  killed  74  men,  among 
them  First  Aid  Assistant  Joseph  Evans, 
of  the  Government  Mining  Bureau,  who 
was  one  of  the  rescue  workers. 

The  United  States  Circuit  Court  of  Ap¬ 
peals  reversed  on  April  10  the  judgment 
of  the  Federal  Court  in  Connecticut  in 
the  famous  Danbury  hat  case,  and  ordered 
a  new  trial.  The  litigation  is  now  nearly 
two  years  old,  and  was  instituted  by  D.  E. 
Loewe  &  Co.,  a  Danbury  hat  firm,  against 
the  United  Hatters  of  North  America,  af¬ 
filiated  with  the  American  Federation  of 
Labor.  It  was  alleged  that  the  plaintiff 
company  had  suffered  in  its  sales  as  a  re¬ 
sult  of  a  practical  boycott  by  the  defend¬ 
ant  because  of  its  refusal  to  adopt  the 
closed  shop.  The  Danbury  firm  got  judg¬ 
ment  in  the  lower  court  in  Connecticut 
for  $232,240.12  damages.  A  verdict  in 
favor  of  the  plaintiff  was  directed  by  the 
trial  judge,  Judge  James  P.  Piatt,  but  the 
amount  of  damages  suffered  was  left  to 
the  jury,  which  fixed  it  at  $74,000.  This 
amount  was  multiplied  by  three  by  the 
court  under  the  provisions  of  the  Sherman 
law.  In  setting  aside  the  lower  court’s 
judgment  Judge  Lacombe,  who  writes  the 
opinion  of  the  Circuit  of  Appeals,  holds 
that  the  trial  judge  erred  in  directing  a 
verdict. 


“The  Roses,”  the  residence  of  Edward 
T.  Rosenlieimer  at  North  Pelham,  N.  Y,, 
was  burned  April  7,  with  a  loss  of  $125,- 
000.  This  place  attained  notoriety  a  few 
years  ago,  when  Rosenheimer’s  father  was 
murdered  in  the  garden,  a  mystery  which 
has  never  been  explained.  Last  year 
Rosenheimer  himself  killed  one  young 
woman  and  injured  two  other  persons  with 
his  automobile,  under  circumstances  which 
caused  much  criticism.  Rosenheimer  was 
tried  for  manslaughter,  but  was  acquitted 
on  November  4,  after  a  sensational  trial 
before  Justice  (now  United  States  Senator) 
O’Gorman  and  a  jury. 

Max  Blanck  and  Isaac  Harris,  the  pro¬ 
prietors  of  the  Triangle  Waist  Company, 
whose  factory  at  23  Washington  place, 
New  York,  was  burned  out  on  March  25 
with  the  loss  of  142  lives,  were  indicted 
April  11.  There  are  two  indictments 
against  each  of  the  men  charging  them 
with  first  and  second  degree  manslaughter. 
Their  attorney  entered  a.  plea  of  not  guilty 
with  the  usual  proviso  that  Ue  might 
change  it  when  the  case  was  called  again. 
The  case  will  be  called  on  April  25.  The 
Italian  Consul  is  making  an  independent 
investigation.  Some  of  the  girls  have 
already  made  affidavits  freeing  the  Triangle 
Shirtwaist  Company  from  any  blame.  It 
was  the  habit  to  hold  back  one  week's 
pay  from  the  girls.  After  the  fire  the 
girls  swear  representatives  of  the  company 
told  them  they  wouldn’t  get  their  pay  un¬ 
less  they  signed  affidavits.  For  the  Italian 
Consul  they  have  made  affidavits  retract¬ 
ing  the  others.  In  the  retracted  affidavits 
they  swore,  they  say,  that  the  doors  were 
open  at  all  times  and  the  loss  of  life  was 
due  to  panic  only.  Affidavits  made  the 
Consul  tell  of  locked  doors  and  of  the  dif¬ 
ficulty  of  escape.  Specific  and  sweeping 
recommendations  for  more  adequate  fire 
protection  in  factories  and  other  buildings 
where  largo  numbers  of  employes  congre¬ 
gate  are  incorporated  in  the  report  of  the 
investigation  of  the  Asch  building  fire 
made  by  the  New  York  Board  of  Fire  Un¬ 
derwriters.  A  careful  survey  of  the  plan 
of  the  lofts  on  the  three  floors  where  the 
shirtwaist  workers  were  employed  in  the 
Asch  building  clearly  showed  overcrowded 
conditions,  inadequate  exits  and  a  general 
hazardous  arrangement  of  tables  and  ma¬ 
chines  in  the  event  of  fire.  On  the  ninth 
floor,  where  the  greatest  loss  of  life  oc¬ 
curred,  a  diagram  of  the  loft,  incorporated 
in  the  report,  shows  that  there  were  eight 
unbroken  rows  of  tables,  each  containing 
a  double  row  of  sewing  machines,  with  the 
space  between  the  tables  about  four  feet 
wide,  containing  two  rows  of  chairs,  back 
to  back,  for  the  operators.  The  table  ex¬ 
tended  from  the  Washington  place  front 
flush  to  the  wall  to  within  ten  feet  of  the 
north  side  of  the  building.  This  ten-foot 
space  was  filled  partly  with  tables  of  stock, 
allowing  only  for  a  narrow  aisle.  There 
were  no  aisles  through  the  center  of  the 
broad  loft.  The  only  convenient  way  for 
the  operators  near  the  south  waill  to  reach 
the  stairs  and  elevators  was  to  walk  the 
entire  length  of  the  crowded  space  between 
the  tables  to  the  north  side,  and  then  use 
the  aisles  which  extended  along  the  north 
and  west  sides.  One  of  the  strongest  fea¬ 
tures  of  the  underwriters’  recommendations 
is  for  a  fireproof  stair  tower  built  from 
the  ground  to  the  roof,  within  the  build¬ 
ing  itself,  but  with  no  direct  communica¬ 
tion  with  the  building. 

Twenty  lives,  it  is  believed,  were  lost 
when  the  small  wooden  steamer  Iroquois, 
plying  between  Sydney,  Vancouver  Island 
and  the  islands  of  the  Gulf  of  Georgia 
capsized  soon  after  leaving  Sydney  on  April 
10.  This  accident  was  in  some  respects 
similar  to  the  loss  of  the  steamer  Sechelt, 
with  26  lives,  off  Beechy  Head,  Vancouver 
Island,  on  March  24.  The  Sechelt,  a  wooden 
steamer  of  almost  the  same  speed  and 
dimensions  as  the  Iroquois,  was  struck  by 
a  gale,  rolled  over  on  her  side  and  went 
down  in  a  few  minutes.  Only  one  body 
from  the  Sechelt  was  found. 

FARM  AND  GARDEN.— Dr.  John  G. 
Wills,  of  Chateaugay,  has  been  appointed 
chief  veterinarian  in  the  New  York  State 
Department  of  Agriculture,  salary  $3,000, 
by  Commissioner  Pearson.  He  succeeds  Dr. 
J.  F.  Devine.  Bernard  R.  Blanch,  of 
Geneva,  Roy  C.  Draper,  of  Rochester,  and 
Marion  C.  Albright,  of  West  Coxackie, 
have  been  appointed  nursery  inspectors. 

The  Massachusetts  Corn  Show  was 
definitely  organized  in  Springfield  on  April 
4,  and  application  is  being  made  to  in¬ 
corporate  it  under  the  laws  of  the  State. 
The  dates  are  November  7-8-9,  inclusive. 
Charles  W.  Bosworth,  of  Springfield,  is 
president ;  J.  Lewis  Ellsworth,  of  Wor¬ 
cester,  is  first  vice-president ;  Glenn  C. 
Sevey,  of  Springfield,  is  treasurer,  and  Wil¬ 
liam  D.  Hurd,  of  Amherst,  is  secretary. 
The  Springfield  Board  of  Trade  has  pledged 
the  backing  of  Springfield  business  in¬ 
terests,  so  that  the  financial  success  of  the 
show  is  assured.  It  is  planned  to  invite 
agricultural  organizations  to  meet  in 
Springfield  at  the  time  the  show  is  held, 
and  able  lecturers  are  being  secured  for 
the  educational  meetings. 

Dean  Liberty  II.  Bailey,  of  the  school 
of  agriculture  at  Cornell  University,  in  a 
letter  to  Governor  Dix  on  April' 10  de¬ 
clined  the  proffer  by  the  Governor  of  the 
position  of  State  Commissioner  of  Agri¬ 
culture,  owing,  as  he  said,  to  his  obliga¬ 
tions  to  the  university  work.  The  term  of 
office  of  Commissioner  Raymond  A.  Pear¬ 
son,  the  present  incumbent,  does  not  ex¬ 
pire  until  April  23. 

An  outbreak  of  rabies  in  Rockland 
County,  New  York,  has  caused  the  commis¬ 
sioner  of  agriculture  to  put  some  localities 
under  quarantine.  The  disease  is  causing 
disquiet  in  Northern  New  Jersey  also. 

Delegate  Andrews,  of  New  Mexico,  has 
asked  the  National  Government  for  an  ap¬ 
propriation  of  $25,000  for  the  extermina¬ 
tion  of  the  grama-grass  caterpillar  in  New 
Mexico,  Texas,  Colorado  and  Arizona. 

Shortly  after  the  New  York  Legislature 
reconvenes  it  is  expected  that  bills  will  be 
introduced  abolishing  the  State  Fair  Com¬ 
mission  of  five  members  and  creating  a  new 
commission  of  three  to  be  made  up  of 
the  lieutenant-governor,  State  Commissioner 
of  Agriculture,  who  are  now  ex-oflicio  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  commission,  and  a  third  mem¬ 
ber  to  be  appointed  by  the  governor,  who 
will  serve  at  a  salary  of  $3,000  a  year. 
The  five  commissioners  who  get  $3,000  a 
year  at  present  and  who  will  be  legislated 
out  of  office  are  Charles  A.  Wieting,  Coble- 
skill :  Abram  E.  Perren.  Buffalo:  Ira  Sharp, 
Lowville ;  De  Forest  Settle,  Syracuse,  and 
William  Pitkin,  Rochester.  The  State  Fair 
in  Syracuse  in  September  next  will  likely 
be  the  most  elaborate  ever  held,  and  with 
this  object  in  view  the  present  commis¬ 
sioners  have  been  urging  the  Governor  not 


to  do  anything  which  would  interfere  with 
the  plans.  It  is  understood  the  Governor 
will  recommend  that  the  proposed  legisla¬ 
tion  abolishing  the  present  commission 
shall  not  take  effect  until  next  October  or 
until  after  next  Fall’s  fair  is  held  in 
September. 


CROP  NOTES. 

We  have  snow  here  yet  (April  5)  ;  about 
five  inches  fell  last  night.  I  drove  up  to 
North  Creek  with  my  cutter  yesterday. 
Butter,  25  cents  ;  eggs,  17  to  20  cents  for 
new,  fresh  eggs.  Can’t  get  25  cents  for 
wool;  do  we  need  free  trade?  I  joined 
the  Grange  last  week  at  Glens  Falls,  30 
miles  away.  I  want  to  get  when1  I  can 
do  most  effective  work — for  the  people — for 
myself  as  one  of  them.  s.  c.  Armstrong. 

Warren  County,  N.  Y. 

Some  plant  flint  corn,  but  the  dent  is 
raised  mostly  for  silos,  and  grain  is  bought. 
Milk  is  sold  in  all  ways ;  some  is  peddled 
from  five  to  seven  cents,  some  make  butter, 
some  sell  to  the  creamery  that  takes  the 
cream  at  the  door.  That  paid  from  31  to 
35  cents  per  pound  for  butter  fat  in  1910. 
The  worst  drawback  to  the  creamery  is 
that  the  customers  are  so  few  and  far  be¬ 
tween  it  costs  too  much  to  gather  the  cream. 
Others  send  to  Boston  and  say  the  com¬ 
pany  wants  to  go  back  to  the  old  price  be¬ 
fore  the  strike ;  they  have  been  getting  75 
cents  per  cooler.  t.  a.  s. 

So.  Coventry,  Conn. 

We  would  not  like  to  venture  an  opinion 
as  to  what  will  be  the  outcome  of  this 
present  potato  season.  Just  at  the  present 
time  the  roads  are  not  in  good  condition 
and  the  market  has  been  advancing  sharply, 
but  it  appears  there  are  quite  a  few  ship¬ 
pers  who  seem  inclined  to  speculate.  As 
usual  with  the  advance  in  market,  farmers 
are  inclined  to  hold  their  potatoes  and  we 
are  not  in  position  to  advise  you  as  regards 
the  stocks  on  hand  as  compared  with  other 
years.  However,  we  believe  that  there  are 
potatoes  enough  to  go  around,  and  if  prices 
should  be  forced  too  high  that  we  may  look 
for  a  reaction. 

THE  VINKF.MULDER  COMPANY. 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Present  conditions  indicate  at  least  a 
normal  crop  of  apples.  Continued  cold 
weather  has  held  buds  back,  frost  just  leav¬ 
ing  ground.  Although  local  nurserymen  re¬ 
port  heavy  sales,  there  will  be  less  acreage 
planted  locally  than  last  year.  Sales  of  spray¬ 
ing  materials  this  season  are  larger  than 
ever  before  and  farmers  are  planning  to  do 
good,  thorough  work.  While  many  regard 
the  outlook  for  the  fruit  industry  as 
bright,  still  there  is  a  feeling  of  conserva¬ 
tism  in  minds  of  some  growers,  fearing 
strong  competition  of  sections  able  to  grow 
more  fancy  fruit  suitable  for  packing  in 
boxes.  Many  pear  orchards  badly  injured 
by  pear  psylla  last  season.  w.  e. 

Wayne  County,  N.  Y. 

March  went  out  blustery  as  it  has  been 
nearly  all  the  while.  No  farming  doing, 
but  drawing  manure  and  trimming  orchards 
of  which  there  is  great  need,  much  dead 
wood  on  Baldwins  and  Greenings.  Or¬ 
chards  will  be  better  taken  care  of  than 
usual,  especially  in  spraying.  Not  much 
encouragement  for  farming.  Two  thousand 
bushels  of  potatoes  for  a  team  of  horses, 
and  then  they  are  nothing  extra.  Thirty 
dollars  a  month  and  board  for  help  ;  phos¬ 
phate  as  high  as  usual.  While  farm  pro¬ 
duce  is  low  and  going  lower,  potatoes  have 
all  been  sold  out  within  the  past  two 
weesk  for  25  cents  ;  now  they  have  gone  up 
to  50  cents  per  bushel.  This  is  overreach¬ 
ing  the  producer  and  making  the  consumer 
feel  the  high  price.  We  ought  to  eliminate 
the  middleman.  Wheat,  80  cents  ;  oats,  35 
cents ;  corn,  55  cents ;  veal,  seven  cents ; 
wool,  18  cents  per  pound  ;  butter,  25  cents  ; 
eggs,  15  cents  in  trade.  E.  t.  b. 

Canandaigua,  N.  Y. 

We  are  having  miserable  weather,  viewed 
from  a  desire  to  begin  Spring  work  and 
the  necessity  to  do  a  large  amount  of 
spraying  while  the  trees  are  dormant. 
And  yet,  considering  the  safety  of  fruit 
buds,  the  Spring  has  been  very  favorable 
thus  far.  All  fruit  buds  have  been  un¬ 
usually  dormant,  rendering  them  practically 
safe  from  the  rapid  changes  of  temperature 
in  the  past  few  weeks.  All  varieties  of  trees 
seem  to  be  full  of  good,  strong  buds,  es¬ 
pecially  peaches,  plums  and  apples.  Na¬ 
tural  conditions  here  seem  to  be  favorable, 
for  we  always  have  some  fruit,  and  our 
oldest  growers  do  not  remember  a  year  of 
total  failure.  Careful  spraying  and  thor¬ 
ough  cultivation  are  now  so  generally  prac¬ 
ticed  that  we  count  on  a  good  crop  of  fine 
fruit.  Many  thousands  of  trees  have  been 
planted  and  some  of  them  are  coming  to 
bearing  under  conditions  of  neglect.  Fruit 
from  trees  of  this  kind  does  not  compete 
with  well  grown  and  carefully  sprayed  fruit. 
The  old  saying  “There  is  always  room  at 
the  top”  certainly  applies  in  the  fruit 
business,  and  is  my  answer  to  the  repeated 
cry  of  over-production.  c.  j.  tyson. 

Adams  Co.,  Pa. 

Peach  buds  are  practically  unhurt  at 
present  writing;  plums  and  cherries,  al¬ 
though  not  largely  grown,  promise  well  at 
this  time.  For  past  few  years  for  this 
section  there  has  been  a  fair  crop  of  apples 
every  year,  and  Baldwin  orchards  which  did 
not  bear  last  season  appear  well  set  with 
blossom  buds;  prospect  is  for  a  fair  sized 
crop  this  season.  Pears  were  a  rather  light 
crop  last  season,  and  this  season  should 
show  a  larger  crop,  as  trees  appear  well  set 
with  blossom  buds.  But  few  new  orchards 
are  being  set  here ;  there  will  be  more  than 
the  average  in  small  lots,  but  not  enough  to 
affect  market  conditions,  even  should  tnev 
all  bear  fruit  later.  Spraying  is  done  more 
largely  every  year,  yet  there  are  many  or¬ 
chards,  especially  small  ones,  where  the 
fruit  business  is  a  side  issue,  unsprayed. 
Prices  of  apples  have  seldom  been  better 
than  for  the  1910  crop,  and  here  where 
there  has  been  but  a  small  increase  of 
acreage  each  year  our  growers  are  not 
borrowing  any  trouble  over  future  pros¬ 
pects.  Yet  most  large  growers  recognize 
the  fact  that  with  a  full  crop  in  all  sec¬ 
tions,  viz.,  a  bumper  crop  like  1896,  and 
the  European  crop  also  large,  we  might  get 
a  year  of  very  low  prices,  but  we  know  of 
no  one  who  is  looking  for  low  prices  all 
the  time,  while  prosperous  conditions  pre¬ 
vail  in  our  manufacturing  cities  and  towns. 
Of  course  with  a  panic  and  business  stag¬ 
nation  the  fruit  growers  will  suffer  as  well 
as  other  classes,  and  without  doubt  the 
poorer  grades  of  fruit  with  poor  packing 
will  become  less  valuable  as  the  amount  of 
first-class  fruit  increases.  h.  o.  mead. 

Worcester  Co.,  Mass. 


526 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKEK 


April  22. 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

THE  COUNTRY  SCHOOL. 

There  certainly  will  come  a  day 
As  men  become  simple  and  wise. 

When  schools  will  put  their  books  away 
Till  they  train  the  hands  and  the  eyes ; 
Then  the  school  from  its  heart  will  say 
In  love  of  the  winds  and  the  skies : 

I  teach 

The  earth  and  soil 
To  them  that  toil, 

The  hill  and  fen 
To  common  men 

That  live  just  here ; 

The  plants  that  grow, 

The  winds  that  blow, 

The  streams  that  run 
In  rain  and  sun 

Throughout  the  year ; 

The  shop  and  mart 
The  craft  and  art 
The  men  to-day 
The  part  they  play 

In  humble  sphere ; 

And  then  I  lead 
Thro’  wood  and  mead 
By  bench  and  rod 
Out  unto  God 

With  love  and  cheer. 

I  teach. 

i — Prof.  L.  II.  Bailey  in  “The  Outlook  to 
Nature.” 

* 

A  combination  corset  cover  with  di¬ 
vided  skirt  is  shown  among  new  under- 
*  wear  for  use  with  the  trouser  skirt,  but 
it  differs  very  little,  except  in  name, 
from  some  of  the  combinations  worn 
during  the  last  year  or  two.  A  great 
many  of  the  divided-skirt  combinations 
have  been  used,  because  they  enable  the 
wearer  to  dispense  with  the  short  under 
petticoat. 

* 

Spanish  mackerel  is  very  nice  baked 
with  tomato  sauce.  Remove  head,  tail 
and  fins,  split  the  fish  in  two  and  re¬ 
move  backbone.  Season  with  a  little 
salt  and  pepper,  and  place  in  an  earthen 
baking  dish,  skin  side  up.  Put  over  it 
half  an  ounce  of  hot  melted  butter, 
sprinkle  with  chopped  onion  and  squeeze 
half  a  leTnon  over  it.  Put  it  in  the  oven 
for  15  minutes,  then  pour  over  it  a  tea¬ 
cupful  of  strained  and  seasoned  tomato 
sauce,  bake  for  15  minutes  longer,  and 

serve  in  the  dish  it  was  baked  in. 

* 

Fashion  authorities  tell  us  that  face 
veils  this  season  are  to  match  the  hats ; 
black  on  black  hats,  and  white  on  light 
colors.  White  veils  are  usually  becom¬ 
ing,  especially  over  a  rosy  face,  but  they 
are  often  very  hard  to  see  through.  A 
new  mesh  in  veils  is  a  square  mesh  like 
filet  lace;  this  is  often  embroidered. 
Chantilly  lace  veils  are  still  fashionable, 
though  often  unbecoming.  Chenille 
spots,  which  have  not  been  much  fa¬ 
vored  of  late,  are  again  in  style.  So 
long  as  a  woman  confines  herself  to  a 
veil  of  rather  simple  mesh  she  never 
looks  out  of  style,  but  any  noticeable 
figured  veil  looks  dowdy  as  soon  as 
styles  change. 

* 

Prof.  J.  L.  Henderson,  of  the  Harvard 
Medical  School,  says  that  all  human  food 
can  be  reduced  to  five  simple  elements; 
water  and  salt,  which  cost  literally  noth¬ 
ing,  carbohydrates,  protein  and  fat.  He 
calculates  that  the  average  man  of  155 
pounds  weight  requires  only  4 l/2  pounds 
of  food  a  day,  and  as  70  per  cent  of  this 
is  water,  he  should  be  able  to  purchase 
the  required  daily  food  for  about  10 
cents.  Above  this  Dr.  Henderson  thinks 
he  is  paying  for  flavor,  convenience  or 
cleanliness.  All  proteins,  howeve,r,  are 
not  alike,  and  it  does  not  seem  to  us 
that  the  scientist’s  views  are  fully  borne 
out  by  practice.  We  do  believe,  how¬ 
ever,  that  many  housekeepers  do  not  buy 
food  with  sufficient  understanding  of 
nutritive  value.  Still,  every  teacher  of 
domestic  science  tells  us  that  digestion, 
and  the  consequent  utilization  of  nutri¬ 
ment,  depends  very  largely  on  “tasting 
good ;”  thus  condiments  and  flavorings 
are  important,  even  if  not  essential.  One 
sort  of  food  may  depend  for  its  value 


upon  long,  slow  cooking,  and  if  the 
housekeeper  depended  upon  a  gas  range 
she  might  waste  as  much  in  gas  as  she 
would  have  spent  on  more  expensive 
proteids.  Of  course  she  could  avoid 
this  waste  by  using  a  fireless  cooker. 
The  gas  range  is  probably  responsible 
for  many  ready-cooked  cereals.  Where 
wood  is  largely  used  for  fuel,  as  in 
many  farm  homes,  long  slow  cooking  is 
not  as  easily  managed  as  with  coal,  and 
here  the  fireless  cooker  will  prove  of  es¬ 
pecial  value. 

* 

Olive  oil  has  many  virtues,  and 
among  them  is  its  use  for  softening  the 
skin.  When  harsh  Spring  winds 
roughen  the  face  the  oil  is  very  com¬ 
forting.  Wash  in  warm  water,  then  take 
a  little  oil  on  the  finger  tips  and  rub  it 
on  gently;  very  little  is  required.  It  is 
not  only  healing,  but  its  use  softens  and 
clears  the  skin,  and  it  is  free  from  the 
risk  of  growing  hair,  an  evil  tendency 
feared  with  vaseline  and  some  animal 
fats.  The  free  use  of  olive  oil  in  the 
diet  is  beneficial  to  most  people,  and  is 
believed  to  improve  the  complexion ;  it 
is  often  prescribed  by  physicians  for  per¬ 
sons  who  show  susceptibility  to  appen¬ 
dicitis,  or  who  have  undergone  an  op¬ 
eration  for  that  disease. 

* 

It  is  quite  possible  to  cook  cabbage 
without  perfuming  the  house,  but  not  if 
carelessly  boiled.  One  very  good  method 
is  to  slice  the  cabbage  up  fine,  as  for 
cold  slaw,  and  immerse  for  five  minutes 
in  boiling  water  in  an  uncovered  sauce¬ 
pan.  It  is  then  covered  with  cream 
sauce,  put  in  a  baking  dish  with  crumbs 
over  the  top,  and  baked  until  the  crumbs 
are  brown.  Cabbage,  cauliflower  or 
onions,  cut  into  small  pieces  and  cooked 
in  an  open  saucepan  with  plenty  of 
water  develop  little  odor,  and  do  not 
take  so  long  in  cooking.  We  notice 
that  the  cabbage  served  in  Chinese  res¬ 
taurants,  which  is  usually  some  of  the 
tender  green  loose-headed  varieties,  is 
only  cooked  enough  to  be  heated 
through,  without  losing  its  crispness,  but 
it  is  very  tender,  and  seems  more  di¬ 
gestible  than  our  long-cooked  cabbage. 


Freckles. 

Kindly  advise  me  what  to  do  for  freckles 
on  the  face.  n.  M. 

This  is  one  of  the  small  trials  of  life 
that  afflict  many  young  people,  while 
viewed  with  much  philosophy  by  their 
elders.  It  is  especially  an  affliction  of 
delicate  skins,  and  many  a  blonde  girl, 
conscious  that,  but  for  her  perennial 
freckles,  she  would  have  a  peaches-and- 
cream  complexion,  is  ready  to  go  to  any 
exertion  to  remove  them.  In  many  cases 
the  freckles  do  not  persist  into  matur¬ 
ity;  one  sees  many  freckled  boys,  but 
very  few  freckled  men.  Protection 
from  sun  is,  of  course,  the  surest  means 
of  avoiding  the  disfigurement,  but  we 
know  some  cases  where  this  is  of  no 
avail,  the  arms  even  freckling  under 
long  sleeves.  However,  modern  girls 
are  too  fond  of  open-air  amusements  to 
banish  sunlight,  and  we  doubt  whether 
any  present-day  mother  would  attempt 
the  care  of  an  old-time  Virginia  lady, 
who,  it  was  said,  carefully  sewed  to¬ 
gether  the  strings  of  her  little  daugh¬ 
ter's  slat  sun-bonnet  every  morning,  lest 
the  future  belle  should  be  tempted  to 
remove  her  head-covering  and  expose 
her  precious  complexion  on  the  way  to 
school. 

As  to  removing  freckles,  some  yield 
easily  to  treatment,  and  some  seem 
“warranted  fast  color.”  We  would 
never  use  a  proprietary  remedy  of  un¬ 
known  ingredients,  since  serious  harm 
might  result.  Mild  vegetable  acids  are 
helpful;  lemon  juice  is  a  very  familiar 
remedy,  either  plain  or,  in  the  case  of 
a  very  delicate  skin,  slightly  diluted  with 
glycerine.  Strawberry  juice  is  also 
recommended,  but  we  have  never  tried 
it.  The  old  country  remedy  of  butter¬ 
milk  is  certainly  helpful  as  a  face  wash, 


and  may  be  freely  used.  All  these 
remedies  are  allowed  to  dry  on  over 
night,  and  the  face  then  washed  with 
soft  water.  The  face  could  be  washed 
with  buttermilk  as  often  as  desired,  and 
it  certainly  has  a  softening  and  whit¬ 
ening  effect.  Another  old  English  rem¬ 
edy  was  washing  the  face  in  May  dew 
at  sunrise,  which  we  laugh  at  nowadays; 
yet  a  great  chemist  recently  declared 
that  the  dew  at  sunrise  contains  some 
actinic  properties  derived  from  the  sun’s 
rays,  which  may  furnish  a  reasonable 
basis  for  the  old  superstition.  We  would 
confine  our  freckle  remedies  to  these 
harmless  and  familiar  things.  In  some 
cases  we  find  that  a  person  much  dis¬ 
figured  with  freckles  is  run-down  and 
anaemic,  and  the  iron  tonics  which 
strengthen  the  system,  either  lessen  the 
liability  to  freckles  or  improve  the  com¬ 
plexion  so  that  the  freckling  is  less 
noticeable. 


Mutton  Timbales. — Half  a  pound  of 
finely-minced  cold  mutton,  one  teaspoon¬ 
ful  of  parsley,  one  tablespoon ful  bread 
crumbs,  one  egg,  one  gill  of  stock,  pep¬ 
per  and  salt,  some  carrot  and  turnip. 
Mix  all  ingredients  together,  place  in 
small  buttered  moulds,  and  steam  for  20 
minutes.  Do  not  quite  fill  the  moulds, 
as  the  meat  rises  in  cooking.  Turn  out 
cn  a  dish  and  pour  a  thick  brown  gravy 
round.  Garnish  with  little  heaps  of  car¬ 
rot  and  turnip  cut  in  dice  and  boiled. 

Kidney  and  Tomatoes. — Throw  three 
sheep’s  kidneys  in  boiling  water.  Hav¬ 
ing  skinned  and  split  them  open,  pep¬ 
per  and  salt  them.  Slice  four  tomatoes 
and  put  in  a  saucepan  with  a  small 
onion  sliced,  a  gill  of  stock,  salt  and 

pepper,  and  stew  for  15  minutes.  Put 
a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  butter  or  beef 
dripping  in  a  fryingpan,  put  in  the  kid¬ 
ney,  and,  after  it  has  cooked  a  little 
while,  add  the  tomatoes.  Pour  into  but¬ 
tered  pie  dish,  cover  with  bread  crumbs, 
put  small  pieces  of  butter  on  top  and 
place  in  the  oven  for  10  minutes. 


A  good  oil  lamp 
needs  a  good  chim¬ 
ney.  A  bad  oil  lamp 
needs  it  more. 

Both  need  a 
Macbeth  “Pearl 
Glass”  lamp-chim¬ 
ney. 

My  lamp-chim¬ 
neys  establish  an 
even  draft  on  both  sides  of  the 
flame  —  make  the  most  of  the 
light.  I  make  a  chimney  to  fit 
every  style  and  size  of  lamp  and 
burner. 

Send  for  my  free  Index  and  find  out  what  chim¬ 
ney  to  get  for  your  lamp. 


Res.  v.  s.  P»t.  Off. 


Macbeth 


Macbeth-Evans  Glass  Co. 


Pittsburgh 


Chicago:  Philadelphia: 

178  East  Lake  Street  42  South  Eighth  Street 

New  York:  19  West  30th  Street 


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Direct  from  Factory,  Freight  Prepaid 
and  Guaranteed  by  the  Manufacturer 

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prices.  We  pay  freight; 
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polished  and  all  ready 
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“Satisfaction  or  your 
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Company 

It’s  the  very  nature  of  a  soda 
cracker  to  absorb  moisture  and 
foreign  odors. 

That’s  why  the  ordinary  soda  cracker 
remained  so  long  in  obscurity. 

The  advent  of  Uneeda  Biscuit  and  the  moisture- 
proof  and  odor-repelling  package  changed 
all  this — for  Uneeda  Biscuit,  the  perfect 
soda  cracker,  keeps  select  company 
— its  own. 

To-day  the  goodness,  the 
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Biscuit  are  acclaimed 
in  tenement  and 
mansion. 


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in  Bulk 


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1011. 


THE  RURAL.  NEW-YORKER 


527 


Grape  Juice  in  Quantity. 

What  is  the  most  practical  method  for 
putting  up  a  few  hundred  gallons  of  un¬ 
fermented  grape  juice  without  installing 
pasteurizers  and  filters?  Would  it  'be  safe 
to  heat  the  must  to  the  proper  temperature 
and  put  into  new  fumigated  barrels  to  allow 
it  to  settle  and  clear?  Can  the  grape  must 
be  kept  by  simply  burning  sulphur  matches 
in  the  barrel  of  juice  to  stop  fermentation? 
Is  there  any  method  of  forcing  sulphur  fumes 
through  the  must?  G.  r.  c. 

Use  only  clean,  sound,  well-ripened,  but 
not  over-ripe  grapes.  The  fruit  may  be 
crushed  and  pressed  in  an  ordinary  cider 
mill,  or  with  the  hands.  After  crushing 
the  fruit  the  entire  mass  should  be  heated 
to  from  150  degrees  F.  to  165  degrees  F., 
but  not  higher  than  165  degrees  F.  A 
double-jacketed  kettle  or  one  with  the 
vessel  containing  the  grapes  set  inside  a 
larger  vessel  containing  water  should  be 
used  for  heating.  Cook  the  crushed 
grapes  with  frequent  and  vigorous  stir¬ 
ring  for  two  hours.  The  fruit  should 
then  be  removed  from  the  fire  and 
strained  through  a  thick  cloth  into  the 
bottles  in  which  it  is  to  be  preserved,  or 
filled  until  the  juice  begins  to  run  out 
the  strainer  into  large  glass  carboys 
holding  not  more  than  five  gallons.  These 
must  be  previously  washed  out  with  boil¬ 
ing  water  and  should  be  as  hot  as  the 
juice  is  when  ready  to  be  filled.  The 
vessels,  whether  large  or  small,  must  be 
filled  until  the  juice  begins  to  run  out 
at  the  opening,  and  then  corked  tightly 
and  the  cork  covered  with  wax  to  make 
it  air-tight.  If  the  juice  is  run  at  once 
into  small  bottles  no  further  manipula¬ 
tion  is  required.  If  it  is  temporarily 
stored  in  large  vessels,  when  wanted  for 
consumption  it  must  be  once  more  heated 
to  near  165  degrees  F.  and  strained 
through  cloth  into  the  bottles.  When  the 
storage  vessel  is  opened  the  entire  con¬ 
tents  must  be  removed  at  once.  If  al¬ 
lowed  to  remain  24  hours  in  a  partly 
filled  vessel  the  juice  will  begin  to  fer¬ 
ment.  This  fermentation  may  be 
stopped  at  any  time  by  heating  the  juice 
to  165  degrees  F.,  but  the  character  of 
the  liquid  as  unfermented  wine  is  lost 
and  cannot  be  recovered.  It  is  of  the  ut¬ 
most  importance  that  the  juice  be  heated 
to  165  degrees  F.,  and  no  more.  If  heated 
much  above  165  degrees  F.  the  albumin 
of  the  juice  will  coagulate  and  greatly 
decrease  its  nutritive  properties,  and  the 
natural  taste  of  the  juice  will  be  spoiled. 
If  heated  to  less  than  160  degrees  F.  the 
ferment  microbe  will  not  be  killed,  and 
the  juice  will  soon  begin  to  ferment.  To 
insure  the  proper  temperature  in  the  ket¬ 
tle  a  tested  dairy  thermometer,  costing 
about  ninety  cents,  should  be  allowed  to 
float  on  the  juice.  In  this  matter  guess¬ 
work  will  not  do.  Never,  under  any  cir¬ 
cumstances,  add  sulphite  of  lime  or  other 
preservative  to  fruit  juice.  Keep  the 
bottled  juice  in  a  cool,  dark  place. 

The  above  directions  are  given  by 
Prof.  McCarthy,  in  a  bulletin  issued  by 
the  North  Carolina  Department  of 
Agriculture  in  1907.  Farmers’  Bulletin 
No.  175,  issued  by  the  U.  S.  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture  in  1903,  recom¬ 
mends  a  temperature  of  180  to  200  de¬ 
grees,  but  never  over  200  degrees.  In 
this  bulletin  the  method  given  is  to 
express  the  juice,  heat  it  to  200  degrees, 
let  it  stand  in  glass  or  enameled  ves¬ 
sels  for  24  hours  to  settle,  drain  juice 
carefully  from  sediment,  filter  through 
flannel,  and  fill  into  clean  bottles,  leaving 
room  for  the  juice  to  expand  when 
heated.  The  bottles  are  then  stood 
upon  thin  board  in  a  large  kettle  con¬ 
taining  water  enough  to  come  within 
an  inch  of  the  top  of  bottles;  then 
heated  until  water  in  kettle  is  just 
ready  to  simmer,  when  the  bottles  are 
taken  out  and  sealed  immediately.  In 
this  final  sterilization  the  temperature 
must  not  get  above  195  degrees,  or  the 
flavor  is  impaired. 

We  have  had  no  experience  with 
grape  juice  stored  in  barrels,  nor  in  the 
use  of  sulphur  to  prevent  fermentation. 
We  do  not  believe,  however,  that  un- 
'fermented  grape  juice  would  remain 
unfermented  under  such  conditions,  or 
that  sulphur  fumes  would  permanently 
prevent  fermentation.  We  should  like 
experience  on  these  points  from  anyone 
who  can  give  our  inquirer  further  in¬ 
formation. 


Steamed  Spice  Pudding.  —  To  one 
beaten  egg  add  one-third  cupful  of 
brown .  sugar,  one  cupful  of  flour, 
one-third  spoonful  of  soda,  one-fourth 
teaspoonful  of  cloves,  one-half  teaspoon¬ 
ful  of  cinnamon.  Slowly  add  the  liquid 
to  the  dry  mixture;  add  a  teaspoonful 
of  melted  butter  and  two-thirds  of  a 
cupful  of  flour.  Steam  in  greased, 
thickly  covered  mold  for  two  hours. 
Serve  with  hard  sauce. 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  alzoays  give 
number  of  pattern  and  measurement  de¬ 
sired. 

Empire  coats  are  among  the  newest 
and  smartest  of  all  things  this  season. 
The  sleeves  are  cut  in  one  with  the 
upper  side  portions  so  that  there  is  no 
fitting  to  the  armholes  required.  The 
sleeves  can  be  left  loose,  as  in  this  in¬ 
stance,  or  finished  with  bands  and  cuffs 
as  may  be  liked.  The  little  coat  will  be 
found  an  excellent  one  for  both  the  en¬ 
tire  suit  and  for  the  wrap  of  satin  or 
other  material  to  be  worn  over  harmon¬ 
izing  skirts  and  gowns.  The  coat  is 
made  with  fronts,  back  and  side  por¬ 


tions.  The  back  can  be  made  in  one 
piece  or  in  two  that  are  over-lapped  at 
the  high  waist  line  as  liked.  The  upper 
side  portions  with  sleeves  are  made  with 
seams  over  the  shoulders,  but  the  lower 
side  portions  are  cut  in  one  piece  each. 
The  collar  is  joined  to  the  neck  edge. 
The  quantity  of  material  required  for 
the  medium  size  is  3*4  yards  27  inches 
wide,  2*4  yards  36  or  2%  yards  44 
inches  wide,  with  124  yard  27  inches 
for  trimming.  The  pattern  No.  6975  is 
cut  in  sizes  for  a  34,  36,  38,  40  and  42 
inch  bust  measure;  price  10  cents. 

The  smaller  pictures  include  6939, 


shirt  waist  or  blouse,  34  to  42  bust.  4 
yards  of  material  27  inches  wide,  3  yards 
36,  2  yards  44,  for  medium  size.  6947, 
naval  blouse,  34  to  40  bust.  With  or 
without  applied  yoke,  with  or  without 
opening  in  front,  with  high  or  low  shield, 
long  or  elbow  sleeves.  324  yards  of 
material  27  inches  wide,  3%  yards  36, 
224  yards  44,  24  yard  27  for  trimming, 
for  medium  size.  6879,  girl’s  dress  with 
body  and  sleeves  in  one,  4,  6  and  8 
years.  3  yards  of  material  27  inches 
wide,  2l/2  yards  36,  2  yards  44,  for  the 
6  year  size.  6951,  child’s  bishop  dress, 
6  months,  1,  2  and  4  years.  2*4  yards 
of  material  27  inches  wide,  2  yards  36, 
124  yard  44,  for  2  year  size.  6888,  four- 
piece  skirt  for  misses  and  small  women, 


14,  16  and  18  years.  With  high  or  nat¬ 
ural  waist  line.  424  yards  of  material 
27  inches  wide,  3*4  yards  36,  224  yards 
44,  for  16  year  size ;  price  of  each  10 
cents. 


Inexpensive  Floor  Covering. 

Can  you  tell  me  what  is  the  very  cheap¬ 
est  floor  covering  and  whether  old  tloors 
can  he  stained  more  cheaply  than  painted? 
Can  carpet  rags  be  worked  up  at  home  in 
any  way  and  thus  save  cost  of  weaving? 
The  product  does  not  need  to  possess  ever¬ 
lasting  wearing  qualities,  the  idea  is  just 
to  tide  over  a  tight  place.  a.  e.  V. 

Ans. — Our  preference  is  for  stained 
floors,  except  where  there  is  merely  a 
border  of  bare  floor  around  a  central 
rug.  In  such  case  painting  can  be  made 
very  attractive,  yellow,  soft  green  or 
fawn  painted  border  with  harmonious 
rugs  being  really  handsome.  But  the 
condition  of  the  floors  must  be  consulted. 
Some  old  boards,  defaced  and  misused, 
cannot  be  stained,  and  should  have  a 
coat  of  some  recommended  filler,  fol¬ 
lowed  by  painting.  In  our  experience 
the  painted  floor  has  not  worn  as  well 
as  the  staining,  where  there  is  much 
tracking  over  it.  We  hope  everyone 
building  a  new  farmhouse  will  lay  good 
floors,  of  matched  boards,  and  get  rid, 
once  and  forever,  of  tacked-down  floor 
coverings.  Housecleaning  that  lays  bare 
a  layer  of  penetrating  dust  on  every  floor 
is  a  thing  of  the  past  when  there  is  no 
all-over  matting  or  carpet  to  remove. 
And  what  a  blessed  relief  it  is  to  be 
free  from  the  sore  knees,  stubbed  fingers 
and  aching  shoulders  that  accompany 
taking  up  or  laying  down  the  floor  cov¬ 
ering!  If  new  floors  are  impossible,  see 
if  the  old  ones  are  not  paintable  or 
stainahle,  instead  of  renewing  the  cover¬ 
ing.  One  of  the  greatest  comforts  of  a 
furnace  in  the  cellar  Is  the  fact  that 
bare  floors  are  always  warm;  unfortun¬ 
ately  the  bothersome  coverings  still  re¬ 
main  a  necessity  in  a  northern  climate 
on  an  old  floor,  where  stoves  supply  the 
heat. 

Braided  and  hooked  rugs  are  the  only 
carpet-rag  coverings  we  know  that  are 
made  without  weaving.  We  think  they 
both  involve  a  good  deal  of  work, 
though  many  enjoy  making  them,  and 
they  have  come  into  fashion  again  with 
the  rage  for  Colonial  furnishings.  Can 
anyone  give  us  further  advice  about  the 
use  of  carpet  rags  without  weaving  for 
rugs  or  other  floor  coverings? 


Ask  for 


r 


Reduce  your  dress-making  I 
bills  by  selecting  material  I 
that  gives  lasting  wear  and  is  I 
“worth  making  up.’’ 

Simpson-Eddystone 
Silver  Grey  Prints 

are  specially  satisfying  cotton 
dress-goods  because  of  their 
rich  dignified  designs,  their 
fadeless  tub-proof  color,  and 
the  well -woven  cloth  that 
makes  dresses  of  exceptional 
wearing  quality.  The  stand¬ 
ard  calicoes  of  the  U.  S.  since 
1842 

Show  this  advertisement  to  vour 
dealer  when  you  order,  and  don’t 
accept  substitutes.  If  not  in  your 
I  dealer’s  stock  write  us  his  name  and 
address.  We’ll  help  him  supply  you. 

The  Eddystone  Mfg.  Co.,  Philad’a 
Founded  1842  by  Wm.  Simpson  Sr 


TAPESTRY  RUG, 
WOOL,  9  x  12  ft., 


Art  Squares— 9  x  12 
ft.,  93.25  up.  Fine 
Smyrna  Rugs— 9 
12  ft.,  $6.98.  Mat¬ 
ting  —  from  13c  a  yard 
up.  Oil  Cloth  —  24c  a 
yard  up.  Linoleum — 41c 
a  sq.  yard  and  up.  Brus¬ 
sels  Carpets— 40c  a  yard 
up. 


$7.48 

Just  think!  Floor 
coverings  as  fine 
as  can  be  made- 
beautiful,  long  last¬ 
ing,  guaranteed ,  with 
bright,  fadeless  colors — 
at  regular  manufactur¬ 
er’s  prices,  one-third  to 
one-naif  less  than  retail! 
We  buy  in  big  lots.  You 
know  that  saves  money. 


Roxboroiifh  Rugs 


Just  as  big  bargains  in 
Body  Brussels,  Axmln- 
sters.  Velvets,  Ingrains, 
Wiltons,  Rag  Carpets, 
Carpet  Linings,  Cocoa 
Mats  and  Lace  Curtains. 
Talk  about  handsome 
patterns!  We  have 
them  for  parlor, 
bedroom,  dining 
room  and  kitchen. 


Get  a  postal  right  now, 
and  write  for  our  hand¬ 
some  illustrated  cata¬ 
logue.  It  tells  all  about 
each  article  and  gives 
you  the  exact  low  price. 
Don’t  put  off  writing! 
You  won't  have  to  buy 
unless  you  want  to,  but 
by  all  means  send  for 


the  catalogue,  and  see 
the  low  prices. 

ROXBOROUGH  RUG  CO.,  Dept.  377 ,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


NO  matter  whereyoulive, you  can  buy  everythingneeded 
forth©  homo  from  us  on  credit  and  on  easy  payments 
to  suit  your  convenience.  All  you  need  to  do  is  to  mail 
ns  your  name  and  address  and  wo  will  at  once  send  you, 
lr«o,  our  Mammoth  Home  Furnishing  Catalog,  containing 
illustrations  from  photographs  and  full  descriptions  of 
thousands  of  articles  in  Furniture,  Rugs,  Carpets  and 
Home  Furnishings  sold  by  ns  on  longtime,  opon  account, 
easy  credit  terms. 


A  high  color 
Brussels  Rug, 
red  rose  design 
with  either 
green  or  tan 
k  ground. 

\  No.  CW  4602. 
9x12  size. 
Price,  $11.95 
JSa.  $1.60  Cash 
75c  per 
month 


A  Personal 
Word 

The  rich  and 
prosperous  class 
can  always  com¬ 
mand  the  lux¬ 
uries  of  life,  but 
the  average 
home  lover  needs 
the  Spear  System 
of  Credit  to  the 
Nation.  I  want 
1,000,000  families 
to  say  of  me: — 
“He  helped  us  to 
furnish  andbeau- 
tify  our  homes.” 
I  ask  for  no  high¬ 
er  tribute  to  my 
life’s  work. 
Write  for  my  I 
Free  Catalog:. 

Spear  i 
V  °i  JL 

y  Pittsburg  / 


Credit  Buying  Made  Easy 


Price,  com¬ 
plete,  $11.60 


Your  Credit  !m  good  with  us.  Why  not  use  it?  Under 
our  liberal  open  account,  easy  payment  plan  you  can  V  A  I 

have  every  possible  advantage  in  buying  for  your  I  f  Ir 

home  possessed  by  the  most  favored  and  well-to-do- 

shopper  in  the  city  stores.  Our  credit  system  is  I y  jjl 

extended  to  honest  people,  evorywhero,  regardless  of  i4iu  |Tn 

their  income.  You  need  not  deny  yourself  any  article  II  a 

of  household  comfort  or  luxury  on  account  of  alack 
of  ready  cash.  Select  what  you  want  from  our  Catalog, 

pay  a  little  cash  down  and  a  little  each  month.  A  complete  Bed  Outfit 

_  consisting  of  heavy, 

Our  Prices  Are  The  Lowest 

TJJhile  our  credit  terms  are  the  most  liberal  in  the  a  good  woven  wire  spring 
country,  yet  our  prices  are  the  lowest.  This  is  be-  with  coil  supports,  a  55 
.  cause  of  our  immense  purchasing  power  and  pound  cotton  top  mattress 

enormous  volume  of  sales.  We  and  two  feather  pillows, 
buy  goods  in  such  vast  qnanti-  No.  CW  201,  Price,  $11.60 
3b  ties  that  we  secure  better  prices  —$1.50  Cash— 76c  per  month 
than  would  bo  possible  to  ,  .  .. 
smaller  concerns,  and  by  ex-  A  ruA1  V  inwg. 
tending  our  business  to  tens  1 

of  thousands  of  customers  all  ”n0..  1 

”rrr  ^;"Unr?  !ffl|  over  the  country,  wo  can  af-  motion  »  f 

ford  to  accept  just  one  small  F2,Ln*’"  I  ’SR g'ftr 
IBKaMa  added  profit  from  each  sale. 

Wo  allow  no  store  or  factory  uocart  NM 
on  earth  to  undersell  us.  Just  n°avy 

eet  our  prices!  tiUreserall  - 

jjjllpy  Take  a  Month  To  Decide 

Anything  you  se-  mud  ’  ) 

-  lect  from  our  guards 

Bargain  Catalog  over 

I  III  "ill  be  shipped  wheels  and  high  grade 

1  H  JnRD  on  approval.  Keep  leatherette  covering.  Cornea 

I  MctZS/il  tl10  Soods  30  days,  either  in  dark  green  or  tun. 
IHH.  I  als  then  decide  to  buy  No.  CW  100,  Price,  $6.95. 

HHSIHSSHBBb  M  III  R-vi'ftd  or  return  at  our  ex-  75c  Cash— 60c  per  Month 
Bill  iHgfibl  pense.  If  not  fully 

■BffijM'l  satisfied,  the  goods  may  be  sent 
ajgmSS  Jg$Sr37  back  at  onr  expense  and  we 
will  refund  your  money. 

Big  Rocker  Bargain  m 

jFstJl if®® 3  A  large,  comfortable,  V&S 

KLrjBLBmcFk A solid  oak  Rocker  with  high  11 

wide  back,  fully  tufted  and  9 
. .  _.  Vwl  BlSSa  buttoned.  Seat  is  large  and  * 

acp  No.  roomy,  upholstered  with  high-  w 

W.  531  vmm.  grade  Dlack  Sylvan  leatberover  7 

a  ■  AaYlPk  nyk?  full  steel  springs  and  beautiful- 

#*4>  Vd.  II S  «Xw  ly  ruffled  edge  to  match  back. 

Construction  Is  solid  golden  oak 
throughout,  with  high  gloss  gold 
on  finish.  Wide  arms, front  post 
of  handsome  design.  Sntisfac 


Terms:  75c  Cash^^M^I 
With  Order 

Balance  Payable  50c  Monthly 


SPEAR  &  COMPANY,  Department  19>1M Pittsburg,  Pa. 


SPEAR  Will  Trust  You 
Wherever  You  Live— Write 
For  His  Free  Catalog 


628 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

Mr.  TAYLOR’S  SIDE  OF  GUERNSEY  COW 
CASE. 

Part  II. 

Another  member  of  the  executive 
committee  stated : 

Mr.  Hill :  “I  might  say,  I  certainly 
wouldn’t  like  to  act  upon  the  committee ; 
if  there  is  to  be  a  special  committee,  it 
ought  to  be  some  one  outside  of  the  execu¬ 
tive  .committee.” 

The  club  then  authorized  the  appoint¬ 
ment  of  a  special  committee  to  conduct 
the  investigation,  not  a  sub-committee  of 
the  executive  committee.  The  executive 
committee  appointed  the  following  special 
committee :  Dean  Russell,  of  Columbia 
University,  a  New  York  breeder;  Mr. 
Rietbrock,  of  Wisconsin,  one  of  the  best- 
known  breeders  in  this  country,  and  Mr. 
Gill,  vice-president  of  the  club,  and  a 
very  well  known  New  Jersey  breeder. 
Mr.  Taylor  was  not  consulted  as  to  the 
appointments.  The  accusers  refused  to 
formulate  charges ;  they  were  requested 
to  appear  before  this  special  committee 
and  they  refused  to  do  so.  The  special 
committee  held  three  all-day  sessions, 
two  in  New  York  and  one  at  Glenfarm, 
They  examined  at  great  length  the  man¬ 
ager  of  the  farm,  the  herdsman,  milker, 
the  two  inspectors,  the  chemist  who 
made  the  analysis,  the  secretary  of  the 
club,  Mr.  Herrick,  various  experts,  and 
in  fact,  everyone  wlio  could  throw  any 
light  on  the  subject,  except  the  accusers, 
who  refused  to  appear.  The  special  com¬ 
mittee  then  consulted  the  leading  experts 
of  the  United  States  on  the  various 
technical  subjects,  especially  as  to  hered¬ 
ity,  and  the  effect  of  hoof-rot  disease  in 
affecting  the  composition  of  milk.  It  was 
found  that  the  hoof-rot  accounted  for 
the  abnormal  analysis.  The  committee 
carefully  considered  the  charge  that 
cream  was  added  to  the  milk,  and  dis¬ 
missed  it  as  entirely  unfounded.  The 
so-called  “fixed  laws”  governing  cows 
laid  down  by  the  accusers  were  refuted 
by  an  examination  of  the  records  of  other 
cows.  The  report  of  the  special  com¬ 
mittee  was  unanimous  in  favor  of  the 
records.  They  suggested,  however, 
that  an  average  of  the  four  tests  taken 
in  November,  when  Missy  was  sick,  be 
substituted  for  the  test  taken  on  De¬ 
cember  1,  although  the  secretary  testified 
that  in  taking  the  December  test  he  was 
following  the  custom.  Mr.  Taylor  stat¬ 
ed  that  he  would  accept  the  modification. 
The  special  committee  did  a  great  amount 
of  disagreeable  and  unselfish  work,  in 
midsummer,  without  compensation,  and 
are  entitled  to  the  thanks  of  every  mem¬ 
ber  of  the  club  and  of  all  breeders  of 
dairy  cattle. 

The  special  committee  made  its  report 
in  August.  It  covers  69  printed  pages. 
A  sub-committee  of  the  executive  com¬ 
mittee  refused  to  permit  Mr.  Taylor’s 
representative  to  see  the  report  after  it 
was  made.  I  was  acting  as  Mr.  Taylor’s 
counsel.  I  was  informed  that  the  exec¬ 
utive  committee  proposed  to  modify  the 
report,  which  I  contended  they  had  no 
right  to  do,  as  the  report  of  the  special 
committee  was  final.  Mr.  Taylor  was 
in  Europe,  but  he  had  instructed  me  in 
case  the  executive  committee  rejected 
the  records  to  invoke  the  protection  of 
the  court.  Members  of  the  executive 
committee  had  admitted  that  they  were 
biased,  they  had  not  seen  the  witnesses, 
most  of  them  had  not  even  had  an  op¬ 
portunity  to  examine  the  evidence.  One 
of  them  admitted  that  the  report  was 
in  Mr.  Taylor’s  favor,  but  he  stated  that 
it  would  have  to  be  modified. 

The  executive  committee  met  on  Sep¬ 
tember  30.  That  afternoon  I  obtained 
an  order  to  show  cause,  containing  a 
temporary  injunction  restraining  the  ex¬ 
ecutive  committee  from  rejecting  the  rec¬ 
ords  or  from  publishing  other  records 
unless  Missy’s  and  Glenanaar’s  were  in¬ 
cluded,  until  the  matter  could  be  passed 


on  by  the  court.  The  order  was  return¬ 
able  within  a  few  days.  Before  serving 
the  papers  I  asked  the  president  of  the 
club  whether  he  would  let  me  know  what 
action  the  executive  committee  had 
taken,  after  its  deliberations  were  com¬ 
pleted.  Upon  his  refusal  I  served  the 
injunction,  as  the  only  possible  means  of 
protecting  Mr.  Taylor’s  rights.  I  later 
discovered  that  the  proposed  modifica¬ 
tions  in  the  report  related  to  certain 
matters  affecting  the  Advanced  Register 
work.  Under  our  jurisprudence  every 
man  has  the  right  to  be  tried  by  an  im¬ 
partial  tribunal,  to  face  his  accusers  and 
to  be  notified  of  the  charges  against  him. 
I  contended  that  the  decision  of  the 
special  committee  in  favor  of  the  records 
was  final.  All  the  evidence  taken  before 
the  special  committee  was  presented  to 
the  court,  and  the  court  has  decreed  that 
as  shown  by  the  evidence  the  records 
were  honestly  made,  and  that  as  a  mat¬ 
ter  of  law  they  shall  stand.  I  know  of 
no  higher  way  in  which  the  records 
could  have  been  established.  They  were 
supervised  by  duly  authorized  inspectors 
unanimously  sustained  by  the  committee 
appointed  by  the  club  to  investigate  them, 
and  upheld  by  the  decision  of  the  court. 
The  flimsiness  of  the  charges  is  shown  by 
the  fact  that  the  accusers  refused  even 
to  appear  before  the  committee.  If  the 
executive  committee  or  breeders  had  any 
defence  to  the  suit  they  certainly  had 
the  ability  and  the  means,  and  they 
should  have  had  the  courage,  to  defend 
it.  No  law-abiding  citizen  can  object  to 
the  course  we  pursued,  and  Mr.  Taylor 
cannot  be  blamed  for  freeing  his  men 
from  the  unjust  charge  of  fraud;  he 
could  be  blamed  if  he  had  not  done  so. 

Mr.  Rice,  in  his  letter,  demands  that 
other  cows  at  Glenfarm  duplicate  these 
high  tests.  There  is  but  one  Missy  of 
the  Glen,  and  she  has  been  injured.  How 
easy,  under  the  circumstances,  to  demand 
the  impossible  of  her!  There  are  other 
good  cows  at  Glenfarm,  and  I  expect 
that  they  will  make  fine  records.  A  few 
cows  have  improved  their  records  upon  a 
retest,  after  a  reasonable  period  of  rest, 
but  there  is  no  way  of  telling  how  many 
have  failed  to  do  so.  Each  record  must 
stand  by  itself,  and  Missy’s  will  stand 
upon  the  proof  of  its  accuracy,  sustained 
by  the  verdict  of  an  impartial  committee 
of  experts  and  upheld  by  the  decision  of 
the  court.  john  henry  hammond. 


Ailing  Cow ;  Rickets  in  Pig. 

1.  I  have  a  cow,  I  think  15  years  old.  At 
times  she  has  a  dry  cough,  and  a  white 
discharge  runs  from  her  mouth  ;  throat 
seems  swollen.  She  eats  very  little  hay, 
and  drinks  very  little.  I  feed  her  whole 
corn  ground  with  oats,  gluten,  bran,  raw 
potatoes  and  mangels.  At  times  she  acts 
as  though  she  would  not  eat  those.  She 
gives  about  four  quarts  of  milk  a  day.  Can 
you  tell  me  what  ails  her?  2.  I  have  a  pig, 
six  months  old,  which  commenced  to  get 
stiff  in  hind  legs  and  does  not  eat  as  well 
as  it  did.  I  feed  on  boiled  potatoes,  whole 
corn  ground  with  oats,  very  little  of  it ; 
middlings  and  bran,  always  scald  feed  well. 
Can  you  tell  me  what  ails  it?  h.  b.  a. 

New  Hampshire. 

1.  There  is  good  reason  to  suppose  that 
the  cow  has  tuberculosis.  To  determine  this 
have  her  tested  with  tuberculin.  Mean¬ 
while  do  not  use  her  milk.  2.  Overfeeding 
and  lack  of  exercise  induce  such  conditions. 
Give  the  pig  its  liberty  out  of  doors.  Feed 
on  slop  of  milk  and  middlings,  adding  lime 
water  at  rate  of  one  ounce  to  the  quart  of 
slop.  As  the  pig  improves  a  little  corn- 
meal  and  ground  (screened)  oats  may  be 
added  to  the  ration.  A.  s.  a. 


Indigestion. 

I  have  a  mare  which  of  late  has  fre¬ 
quently  been  going  off  her  feed.  When  in 
this  condition,  which  is  usually  after  a 
drive,  her  stomach  becomes  distended  and 
she  belches  wind  quite  freely,  although  she 
does  not  seem  to  be  in  great  pain,  but 
she  refuses  to  eat  sometimes  for  12  hours 
after  bringing  her  in.  Her  bowels  are  quite 
regular,  but  the  excrement  is  of  an  ex¬ 
tremely  disagreeable  odor.  Until  recently 
her  daily  rations  consisted  of  about  eight 
quarts  of  cracked  corn  and  oats  mixed 
equally  and  fed  in  three  portions,  which  I 
have  now  reduced  to  six  quarts,  and  at 
mid-day  I  divide  the  grain  with  bran.  At 
night  I  give  her  a  liberal  portion  of  hay. 
About  three  times  a  week  I  throw  a  handful 
of  table  salt  into  her  manger.  j.  k. 

New  York. 

Allow  free  access  to  rock  salt  in  manger. 
Stop  feeding  corn.  Feed  whole  oats,  adding 
one-fifth  part  wheat  bran,  and  dampen  the 
mixture.  Give  the  drinking  water  before 
feeding.  See  that  she  is  worked  or  abun¬ 
dantly  exercised  every  day.  Use  baled 
shavings  or  sawdust  if  she  eats  her  bedding. 
If  belching  continues,  give  in  feed,  twice 
daily,  one-half  ounce  of  granular  hyposul¬ 
phite  of  soda.  a.  s.  a. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 

Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford,  p. Th„?. f/J; 

sale.  One  magnificent  Yearling  Guernsey  Bull  (reg¬ 
istered);  one  lull  blooded  Jersey  Bull  (registered). 
Dams  of  both  extra  heavy  producers.  Jersey 
Sire,  Hood  Farm  Pogis;  Guernsey  sire,  Fantim’s 
Zac  Taylor  (imported).  One  registered  Berkshire 
Boar  5  mos.  old,  perfect  form  and  breeding  cannot 
be  boat.  One  Chester  White  Boar  9  mos.  old,  pure 
bred,  quick  and  sure,  an  exceptional  animal,  price 
right.  12  Single  and  Double  Comb  R.  I.  Red  Cock¬ 
erels  $3.00  each  (Tuttle  Strain).  Bred  for  utility  as 
well  as  beauty.  Full  blooded  Imperial  Pekin  Duck 
Eggs  for  hatching  $1.00  per  13— $6.00  per  hundred. 
Full  blooded  S.  and  D.  C.  R.  I.  Red  Eggs  for  hatch¬ 
ing.  Guaranteed  100<»  fertility  from  our  Utility  Pens. 
$1.00  per  1(1— $4.00  per  hundred.  The  above  stock  is 
guaranteed  to  be  pure  bred  and  the  price  is  right. 

The  First  Check  Gets  Him. 

ONTARIO  AMERICA  BE  KOL 

Born  Feb.  19,  1911.  Sire,  America  De  Kol  Burke; 
dam,  Belle  Hartog  De  Kol,  butter,  seven  days,  27.05; 

30  days,  100.75.  Dam  gave  2,439.0  lbs.  milk  in  March. 
Price  $250,  crated,  f.  o.  b.  Charlotte, 

CI.OVERDALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

C.  S.  Lunt,  Owner  J.  J.  Eden,  Manager 

REG.  HOLSTEIN  MALE  CALVES 

.  .  .  $20  to  $25  .  .  . 

Cheaper  than  you  can  purchase  elsewhere,  quality 
considered.  Write  for  detailed  descriptions.  Also 
a  few  young  cows  and  heifer  calves.  Address 

F.  H.  RIVENBURGH,  HILLHURST  FARM,  MUNNSVILLE,  N.  Y. 

K*  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU.  SOMERVILLE,  N.  J. 

Robinson’s  HOLSTEINS  are  Producers 

They  are  Tuberculin  Tested.  Forty  just  fresh  and 
that  will  freshen  in  the  next  two  months,  with 
milk  records  from  8,000  to  12,000  lbs.  in  the  last 
year.  V.  D.  ROBINSON.  Edmeston,  N.  Y. 

ALLAMUCHY  FARM  HOLSTEINS 

We  offer  well  bred  bull  calves  out  of  A.  R.  O. 
dams  at  reasonable  prices.  Send  for  list  before 
placing  your  order.  ALLAMUCHY,  N.  J. 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEI N-FRI  ESI  AN  ASS'N  OF  AMERICA 
<  L.  HOUGHTON,  SECY,  BOX  105.  BRATTLEBORO.  VT. 

LAUREL  FARM  JERSEYS 

breed  regularly,  and  their  calves  live.  Fern’s  Jubi¬ 
lee  still  beads  the  herd.  What  do  you  want? 

Will  also  sell  full  blooded  Morgan  filly,  coming 

2  and  a  beauty,  at  $100. 

J.  GRANT  MOUSE,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 

Jersey  Bulls  For  Spring  Serv!:e 

From  Son  of  "The  Imported  Jap.”  Dams  are 
Flying  Fox,  Financial  King,  Stoke  Pogis,  and 
Combination  Blood.  Also  Fertile  Eggs  from 
Young’s  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns,  Wrights  W.  Wyan- 
dottes,  and  Tuttle’s  R.  and  S.  C.  R.  I.  Reds,  $1.00 
per  15,  $5.00  per  100  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

SHELDONCROFT,  Silver  Lake,  Pa. 
Chas.  B.  Dayton, Supt. 

Breed  Up-Not 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  U.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

FOR  SALE-GRADE  GUERNSEYS  BE.  T5: 

HOLSTEIN  BULL  CALVES 

ter  Boy,  62729,  for  sale  cheap.  OSWEGO  RIVER 
STOCK  FARMS,  Phoenix,  New  York. 

HOUSES 

THE  l’ERCHERON  SOCIETY  OF 
AMERICA 

Has  338  new  members  since  December  1st,  1910, 
exclusive  of  the  137  new  members  added  by 
taking  over  the  Perclieron  Registry  Company, 
Columbus,  Ohio.  More  than  3500  stockholders 
March  15th,  1911.  The  only  recognized  Percheron 
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mares.  For  information  address  WAYNE 

D1NSMORE,  Secretary,  Union  Stock  Yards, 
Chicago,  III. 

Q p|  Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
OU  at  farmers’  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O.. 
on  Penna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O. 

April  22, 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


SWINE 


J 


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HILLHURST  FAItM,  Orchard  Park,  N.  Y. 

LARGE  BERKSHIRES 

Orders  booked  for  Spring  Pigs.  August  and 
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CHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
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rUil  OMLL  Young  bred  sows  and  young  boars 
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C.  H.  FARNHAM,  Brocton,  New  York. 


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up.  They  should  develop  into  800-pound  boars  at 
maturity.  H.  C.  &  H.  B.  HARPENDING,  Dundee.  N.  Y. 


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SUNNY  BANK  FARM  BERKSHIRES— For  Sale.  3  Service 
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and  Longfellow  Breedings.  Prices  reasonable.  Registra¬ 
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Milk  PrndiTrArc  ,or  New  York  City  market 
IU11IY  riUUUOOlo  desiring  information  how  to 
form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
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O  Gr  S 


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Thirty  days’  trial  on  application 
O.  II.  ROBERTSON 
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620 


1911. 


THAT  CELEBRATED  GUERNSEY  CASE. 

Did  Missy  Give  Nine  per  Cent  Milk  ? 

Part  II. 

In  addition  to  the  testimony  given  last 
week  regarding  that  sample  of  milk 
Prof.  C.  H.  Eckles,  of  Missouri,  said: 

The  analysis  that  you  cite  does  not 
seem  to  me  to  be  a  thoroughly  typical 
one.  The  ash  content  is  low  of  the  normal 
milk,  that  is,  low  of  the  average.  The 
proteids  seem  to  me  low  in  comparison 
with  the  fat  content,  and  the  solids  not 
fat,  which  usually  rise  with  the  increase  of 
fat  and  are  usually  in  rich  milk  cows  above 
rather  than  below  9  per  cent — are  .2  per 
cent  below  that  point. 

We  shall  see  all  through  this  that 
these  experts  regard  this  milk  as  abnor¬ 
mal  because  the  per  cent  of  solids  other 
than  fat  is  proportionately  low.  Prof. 
E.  H.  Farrington,  of  Wisconsin,  is  an¬ 
other  high  authority.  He  says : 

The  cow’s  record  which  you  sent  im¬ 
presses  me  as  either  that  of  a  freak  cow  or 
the  taking  of  the  sample  was  not  satisfac¬ 
tory.  Before  accepting  .such  records  I 
should  want  to  be  perfectly  sure  that  the 
cow  was  normal,  and  that  the  samples 
were  properly  taken.  I  should  think  that 
when  the  first  samples  received  from  this 
cow  were  obtained,  and  the  analysis  Showed 
them  to  be  so  unusual  in  composition,  steps 
would  have  been  taken  to  have  future 
samples  taken  in  the  presence  of  several 
parties,  and  all  tests  thereof  carefully 
authenticated  by  reliable  persons,  espe¬ 
cially  assigned  to  this  piece  of  work. 

Dr.  E.  H.  Jenkins,  of  Connecticut, 
states  that  he  has  not  made  a  recent 
study  of  milk  and  cream  analysis,  but 
that  he  should  trust  the  judgment  of 
such  men  as  Dr.  Babcock,  Dr.  Hills  and 
others.  So  we  think,  would  any  un¬ 
prejudiced  person  who  knows  anything 
about  milk.  Here  are  six  of  the  high¬ 
est  authorities  in  the  country  who  prac¬ 
tically  agree  in  the  opinion  that  this 
sample  of  milk  had  either  been  tampered 
with  or  was  very  suspicious.  In  addition 
to  this  the  analysis  which  we  printed 
last  week  shows  that  when  extra  cream 


because  the  vast  majority  of  dairymen 
and  breeders  will  easily  see  that  any 
such  record  is  judge-made  rather  than 
cow-made.  We  will  now  take  up  the 
committee's  report  and  see  how  they  jus¬ 
tify  it.  _ 

THAT  HEN  CONTEST. 

On  page  480  we  printed  the  first  re-  J 
port  of  the  hen  feeding  contest  which  | 
Mr.  W.  J.  Dougan  is  conducting.  That 
report  covered  the  first  fifteen  days  of 
March.  We  now  have  the  second  report 
for  the  remaining  sixteen  days  of  that 
month. 

Record  of  Ten  Wyandottes. 

Report  No.  2. 

I  herewith  submit  report  of  the  White 
Wyandottes  running  in  contest;  during  the 
last  16  days  of  March  they  were  fed  or  had 
placed  in  hoppers : 

Per  cwt. 

16  lbs  cracked  corn  at . $1.25  .20 

6%  lbs.  wheat  screenings  at.  .  1.55  .10 

6  lbs.  mixed  feed  (cooked)  at.  1.55  .09 

5  lbs  bran  at .  1.70  .09 

5  lbs  beef  scraps  at . 2.85  .14 

3%  lbs.  oats  at . bag  1.50  .07 

2  cabbages  at . each  .05  .10 

.79 

During  that  time  they  laid  56  eggs,  eight 
of  which  were  too  light  bodied  to  set,  and 
were  sold  at  45  cents  per  dozen.  Set  28 
eggs  during  same  time.  Total  eggs  laid, 
107  ;  total  set  during  month,  67  ;  total  eggs 
sold,  14;  chickens  hatched,  14;  23  chicks 
dead  in  shell. 

In  the  former  report  the  feed  cost 
$1.17.  This  cost  is  figured  at  the  amount 
put  in  the  feed  hoppers.  Some  of  it 
will,  of  course,  be  left  over  from  week 
to  week.  We  have,  therefore,  during 
March  a  feed  bill  of  $1.96  and  a  record 
of  107  eggs.  These  eggs  cost  1.83  cent  J 
each.  At  the  price  which  Mr.  Dougan 
receives  these  eggs  would  have  brought 
$4.01.  As  it  stands  he  has  received  52 
cents  and  has  fourteen  chickens. 

Record  of  Ten  White  Leghorns. 

Report  No.  2. 


During  the  last  16  days  of  March  they 
were  fed  or  had  placed  in  hoppers  : 


Per  cwt. 

16  lbs.  cracked  corn  at.  .  .  . 

- $1.25 

.20 

6%  lbs.  wheat  screenings 

at.  .  1.85 

.12 

5  lbs.  bran  at . 

.08 

5  lbs.  beef  scrap  at . 

_ 2.S5 

.14 

4  lbs.  mixed  feed  at . 

_  1.55 

.06 

3%  lbs  oats  at . per 

hag  1.50 

.07 

2  cabbages  at . 

each  .05 

.10 

.77 

was  added  to  a  genuine  five  per  cent 
milk  the  product  contained  just  about 
the  same  per  cent  of  solids  not  fat,  ash 
and  protein  as  the  sample  which  pur¬ 
ported  to  be  Missy’s  milk!  This  must 
be  regarded  as  evidence  that  the  milk 
had  been  tampered  with  or  substituted 
in  some  way.  Mr.  Hammond  is  a  lawyer 
accustomed  to  sifting  and  analyzing 
evidence.  Suppose  he  had  a  murder  case 


During  the  same  time  they  laid  65  eggs, 
AO  of  which  were  too  light  bodied  to  set, 
'wnd  were  sold  for  45  cents  per  dozen.  Set 
41  eggs  during  that  time;  total  eggs  laid 
for  month,  112;  total  set,  88;  one  broken; 
total  eggs  sold,  16 ;  chickens  hatched,  16 ; 
two  dead  in  shell. 

The  last  report  of  feed  cost  was  83 
cents,  which  makes  $1.60  for  March.  As 
the  Leghorns  laid  112  eggs,  the  cost  per 
egg  was  1.42  cent  each.  Had  they  all 
been  sold  the  income  would  have  been 
$4.20.  The  actual  returns  thus  far  are 
60  cents  and  sixteen  chickens. 


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which  hinged  upon  the  character  of 
blood  or  the  analysis  of  poisons,  and  the 
best  experts  he  could  find  gave  similar 
testimony  regarding  these  matters. 
Would  he  wave  it  all  aside  or  consider 
it  reasonably  suspicious?  We  must  re¬ 
member  that  the  public  is  asked  to  be¬ 
lieve  that  Missy  gave  after  milking  11 
months  1,151.2  pounds  of  milk  in  30  days 
and  that  it  all  averaged  9.07  per  cent 
of  butter  fat !  Our  understanding  is  that 
whenever  this  cow  and  her  test  partner 
Glenanaar  were  openly  tested  by  out¬ 
siders — their  milk  at  once  fell  to  about 
five  per  cent  fat.  In  no  case,  as  we 
understand  it,  has  either  cow  given  any 
of  this  nine  per  cent  milk  when  openly 
watched  for  any  length  of  time  by  un¬ 
interested  parties.  If  this  statement  is 
not  correct  we  call  upon  Air.  Hammond 
to  set  us  right.  That  is  why  we  insist 
that  the  way  to  settle  this  matter  is  to 
have  these  cows  “come  back”  and  give 
some  more  of  that  liquid  butter.  That 
as  we  look  at  it  is  what  that  committee 
should  have  done.  They  had  the  strong¬ 
est  scientific  evidence  that  the  sample  of 
milk  on  which  the  record  was  based  was 
abnormal  and  suspicious.  They  must 
have  realized  what  it  meant  to  the 
Guernsey  Cattle  Club  and  the  Guernsey 
cow  to  have  any  possibility  of  suspicion 
hanging  over  this  test.  It  seems  to  us 
nonsense  to  say  that  if  this  cow  can  go 
on  month  after  month  giving  milk  from 
six  to  nine  per  cent  butter  fat  she  can¬ 
not  do  it  again  even  with  a  small  quan¬ 
tity  of  milk.  The  fact,  as  Mr.  Ham¬ 
mond  states,  that  he  secured  an  injunc¬ 
tion  which  in  effect  compelled  the  Guern¬ 
sey  Club  to  print  these  records,  places 
the  test  in  a  worse  position  than  ever 


Those  Hen  Figures. —  I  have  just  read 
the  criticism  by  Win.  Gibson,  of  Gori  & 
Son’s  $12.31  hens,  and  it  seems  to  me  a 
case  of  “much  ado  about  nothing.”  It  is 
simply  a  question  of  difference  of  opinion 
as  to  whether  the  year's  profits  should  be 
credited  to  the  hens  with  which  the  poul- 
tryman  begins  the  season  or  divided  be¬ 
tween  the  various  departments  which  are 
incidental  to  every  practical  egg  farm. 
Without  doubt  Gori  &  Son  are  right  in  fig¬ 
uring  (each)  year’s  profits  on  the  number 
of  hens  with  which  they  start  the  season  ; 
because  by  doing  so  they  procure  the  most 
simple  and  practical  basis  on  which  to 
calculate  probable  future  profits,  which  is 
what  the  people  who  read  poultry  state¬ 
ments  want.  If  a  man  contemplated  go¬ 
ing  into  egg  farming  with  the  intention 
of  buying  a  fresh  supply  of  full-grown 
pullets  each  year  and  not  raising  any  stock 
of  his  own,  then  he  would  figure  his  profits 
as  Mr.  Gibson  suggests,  but  the  majority 
of  men  who  go  into  the  poultry  business 
will  run  their  plants  on  about  the  same 
line  as  Gori  &  Son  ;  therefore  when  giving 
a  statement  for  the  benefit  of  would-be 
poultrymen  they  were  right  in  giving  it  as 
they  did.  Gori  &  Son’s  rule  for  figuring 
profits  should  have  the  preference  over  Mr. 
Gibson’s  in  that  it  more  nearly  fills  the 
requirements  of  the  majority  of  readers. 

Virginia.  f.  t.  brooke,  jr. 


NOT  “Theoretical”  Figures,  but  Actual  Cost  to  Build! 

Here,  nt  lust,  is  a  practical  Plan  Book  that  keeps  the  cost  of  new  homes 
within  the  original  estimates.  Doubtless  you  have  consulted  architects  or 

have  sent  for  some  of  the  many  Plan  Books 
that  aro  advertised  for  sale.  Bfave  you  ever 
tried  to  put  up  a  house  at  the  price  stated  in 
these  books?  If  so,  you  have  learned  how  dis¬ 
astrous  it  is  to  depend  on  the  theoretical  fig¬ 
ures  given  by  most  architects.  Tho  Gordon- 
Van  Tino  Plan  Book  wine  out  because  it  sufe- 
guards  tho  home  builder.  It  shows  real 
Photographs  and  Floor  Plans  of  Newest  Designs 

Lumber  and  Millwork  for  this  in  H°“es  &  Bungalows  Costing  $600  to  $6,000  L  ^  and  M;llwork  - 

5-Room  Bungalow,  $868  .1E\’ery  hnusP  illustrated  in  it  has  been  actu-  7^7  H  am 

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630 


THE  RURAL)  NEW-YORKER 


April  22, 


A  CHENANGO  CO.  HORSE  DEAL. 

A  few  weeks  ago,  on  getting  a  call 
over  the  ’phone,  this  was  about  the 
gist  of  the  conversation : 

“Hullo;  is  this  Morse?  Say,  you  are 
the  man  who  wrote  up  that  horse  deal, 
aint  you?  Well,  that  piece  was  worth  a 
whole  lot  to  some  of  us  fellows  down 
here  at  Smyrna.  How  would  you  like  to 
know  how  just  such  a  case  has  worked 
out  here?” 

“First  rate.” 

“All  right,  come  down  here  and  go  to 
Mr.  G.  N.  Willcox,  the  feed  man,  and 
he  will  tell  you  all  about  it.” 

Smyrna  is  10  miles  or  more  from  here, 
down  in  Chenango  County,  but  I  thought 
it  was  worth  the  drive  to  find  out  how 
one  of  these  company  horse  deals  has 
panned  out,  so  one  pleasant  morning  I 
made  the  trip.  The  man  I  was  directed 
to  I  found  to  be  a  dealer  in  grain  and 
feed,  and  a  pretty  busy  fellow  at  that. 
At  the  time  I  got  there  he  was  helping 
to  unload  a  car  of  gluten  feed,  but  he 
came  up  to  the  store,  and,  between  calls 
to  wait  on  customers,  told  me  about  the 
horse  company. 

“Oh,  yes,”  he  said,  “I  was  one  of  the 
suckers,  all  right.  We  paid  $2400  for  a 
horse  worth  about  $200,  and  at  present  I 
own  half  of  him  at  that.  Four  'shares  at 
$200  each  failed  to  meet  the  first  pay¬ 
ment.  One  man  went  around  with  the 
agent  and  helped  to  sell  the  horse.  He 
took  two  shares,  and  we  afterwards 
found  that  one-third  of  his  was  indorsed 
on  the  note  as  paid.  He  never  paid  any¬ 
thing  and  we  had  to  take  over  his  shares. 
The  first  year,  1905,  we  paid  one  of  the 
stock-holders  $300  to  keep  the  horse.  He 
bred  30  mares  and  got  17  colts ;  in  1906 
bred  75  mares  and  got  22  colts ;  1907, 

bred  57  mares  and  got  17  colts ;  1908, 

bred  37  mares  and  got  12  colts;  1909, 

bred  39  mares  and  got  11  colts ;  1910, 

bred  but  12  mares. 

“Now  I  think  these  figures  prove  that 
the  horse  had  a  good  opportunity  to 
make  good,  but  it  was  not  in  him  to  do 
so.  The  first  year  he  was  used  lightly 
and  the  second  year  we  had  all  the 
mares  we  wanted.  Then  his  colts  began 
to  show  what  they  were,  and  patronage 
began  to  fall  off,  and  the  more  the  colts 
have  developed  the  less  the  patronage.” 

This  horse  was  an  English  Hackney, 
which,  I  believe,  is  about  as  useless  a 
breed  of  horse  as  the  American  farmer 
could  well  invest  in.  Their  chief  merit 
lies  in  the  fact  that  they  are  high  step¬ 
pers,  with  great  knee  and  hock  action. 
This  of  course  makes  them  desirable 
when  bred  in  their  purity,  as  fancy  har¬ 
ness  horses.  But  they  lack  size,  and 
when  crossed  with  the  common  farm 
mares  the  offspring  is  usually  a  very 
common  little  runt  of  a  horse  of  no 
especial  value.  While  this  case  has 
proven  disastrous  to  the  purchasers,  I 
do  not  think  it  necessarily  shows  how 
our  own  deal  is  likely  to  turn  out.  I 
think  that  the  Belgian  ‘breed  is  much 
more  suitable  for  our  needs  than  the 
Hackney.  I  also  think  we  have  a  good 
colt,  whose  actual  value  is  around  half 
what  he  cost  us.  We  shall  try  to  use 
him  intelligently,  accepting  for  service 
only  such  mares  as  are  likely  to  produce 
good  colts,  and  thus  give  the  horse  a 
fair  chance  to  make  good.  If  he  proves 
to  be  a  good  breeder  I  think  he  will  pay 
fairly  well.  Of  course  it  is  not  fair  to 
expect  that  anything  of  $1200  value 
should  pay  a  dividend  on  a  valuation 
inflated  to  twice  its  worth,  or  that  if 
some  of  the  shareholders  should  fail  to 
make  good  that  the  others  could  get 
out  even.  If  we  only  are  able  to  show 
the  farmers  the  folly  of  paying  high 
prices  for  unacclimated  Western  horses 
when  they  can  just  as  well  raise  those 
that  are  better  suited  to  their  needs,  I 
think  that  our  $2400  will  not  be  lost 
to  the  community. 

New  York.  j.  grant  morse. 


Concrete  Posts. — On  page  420  John  C. 
Hoffman  refers  to  Mr.  Kinsley,  page  186, 
setting  fence  posts  without  bracing.  I 
would  think  Mr.  Hoffman  after  going  to 
all  the  expense  concreting  a  wooden  post, 
would  be  making  a  serious  mistake  by  not 
planting  a  concrete  post  and  have  a  post 
for  all  time  to  come.  Plant  a  post  that 
will  not  rot ;  the  concrete  posts  are  cheaper 
than  wooden  posts,  to  say  nothing  about 
their  lasting  qualities.  c.  e.  sattler. 

Ohio. 


HOW  TO  FEED  SHOTES. 

I  have  just  commenced  feeding  10  shotes 
weighing  75  pounds  each  that  I  would  like 
to  market  in  June.  Can  I  profitably  market 
them  then,  considering  that  I  have  no  pas¬ 
ture  for  them  and  have  all  my  feed  to  buy 
except  slop  and  corn?  What  shall  I  use 
to  make  a  balanced  ration  for  them? 

McLeansboro,  Ill.  G.  E.  w. 

A  pig  feeder  these  days  is  up  against, 
a  tough  proposition  when  he  fattens 
hogs  on  corn  alone  in  warm  weather 
with  only  kitchen  slops  to  wash  it  down, 
factory  soap  being  used  in  dishwashing 
for  it  is  assumed  that  there  is  no  milk 
because  there  is  no  pasture  for  the  pigs. 
If  this  inquirer  has  a  farm  he  can  surely 
find  a  place  to  grow  something  green  for 
his  pigs.  If  not  very  large,  a  little  green 
stuff  that  may  be  grown  will  be  a  great 
help  along  with  the  corn.  Fall  rye  and 
rape  can  be  sown  any  time  now,  or  clover 
can  be  sown  with  the  rye.  In  a  fort¬ 
night  if  the  weather  is  warm  the  rye  will 
furnish  a  bite  for  the  pigs  and  the  clover 
will  not  be  far  behind.  Rape  may  also 
be  used,  but  requires  a  longer  time  to 
get  started. 

With  corn  alone  they  need  something 
rich  in  protein.  Under  these  circum¬ 
stances  the  writer  would  use  Alfalfa  hay 
out  of  the  mow,  last  year’s  cutting,  this 
put  through  a  cutting  box  and  soaked 
with  slop  12  hours  would  balance  the 
corn  part  of  the  ration,  or  clover  hay 
will  well  answer  the  same  purpose.  Not 
having  these,  middlings  or  tankage  can 
be  used.  If  the  middlings  are  a  straight 
article,  not  mixed  with  chaff  or  beards 
so  the  hogs  will  not  eat  them,  tankage 
gives  most  excellent  satisfaction,  using 
about  one-tenth  by  weight  the  quantity 
of  corn  used,  and  can  be  fed  dry  in  a 
flat-bottomed  trough  by  scattering  it 
over  the  bottom  of  the  trough  about 
one-half  inch  thick.  It  can  also  be  made 
into  a  slop,  but  should  be  fed  at  once, 
not  allowing  it  to  stand  from  one  feed¬ 
ing  time  to  another,  as  it  will  get 
putrid.  The  hogs  will  relish  the  tank¬ 
age  very  much.  JOHN  M.  jamison. 

Ross  Co.,  Ohio. 


Summer  Silage  Without  Silo. 

C.  E.  M.,  Millbrook,  N.  Y. — I  am  very 
much  interested  in  Isaac  C.  Roger’s  article, 
“Summer  Silage  Without  a  Silo,”  and 
would  like  to  ask  some  questions.  My  silo 
is  12  x  36  feet,  and  is  empty  by  Spring. 
Can  I  put  in  a  few  loads  of  peas  without 
running  them  through  a  cutter  and  expect 
them  to  keep?  Can  I  commence  to  feed  at 
once  without  waiting  for  them  to  settle? 
Can  I  use  the  same  method  with  green 
rye?  If  this  works  successfully  it  will  be 
a  great  help  to  me  in  making  milk  cheaply 
in  hot  weather. 

Ans. — I  have  never  had  any  ex¬ 
perience  in  putting  in  a  small  quantity 
of  peas  in  silo  or  stack  without  weight¬ 
ing  down,  where  it  was  expected  to  keep. 
They  heat  very  quickly  and  even  loads 
hauled  in  on  Saturday  afternoon  to  last 
over  Sunday  would  sometimes  get  very 
hot,  but  that  hurt  them  little  or  not  at  all, 
and  even  a  load  or  two  thrown  in  a  pile 
to  last  a  few  days,  quickly  heats,  settles 
and  turns  to  silage,  and  what  little  it 
moulds  on  the  outside  makes  no  dif¬ 
ference,  as  it  all  goes.  No  need  to  wait 
for  them  to  settle  or  anything  else. 
With  us,  running  peas  and  oats  through 
the  cutter  would  have  been  pretty  hard 
on  the  machine,  as  it  was  difficult  to 
keep  from  gathering  up  stones,  i  would 
not  undertake  to  put  in  a  few  loads,  if 
by  few  is  referred  to  as  a  small  quantity. 
It  is  safer  to  plan  for  more  feed  than  it 
is  expected  to  be  needed,  rather  than 
to  go  on  small  margins.  I  would  advise 
putting  all  the  crop  in  .excepting  a  load 
or  two,  or  what  might  be  necessary  to 
feed  for  a  day  or  two  while  the  big  lot 
settles.  Green  rye  should  be  cut  with 
cutter,  cut  green  and  settled  the  same 
as  for  peas,  according  to  my  experience 
as  referred  to  in  the  article  on  that  sub¬ 
ject.  ISAAC  C.  ROGERS. 


“Have  you  heard,”  asked  Mrs.  Old- 
castle,  “that  Grace  Moneylove  has  mar¬ 
ried  an  octogenarian  ?”  “Mercy  sakes  !” 
exclaimed  Mrs.  Justrich.  “Is  that  so? 
Well,  he  may  be  all  right,  but  I’ve 
never  seen  a  man  who  wouldn’t  eat 
meat  that  I’d  live  with.” — Judge. 


You  Gan  CureThat  Lame  Horse 
Under  A  Bond  Guarantee 


A 


He  Asks  You 


LAME  horse  means  money  lost.  You  can  neither  work  him  or  sell 
him  to  advantage.  There  is  no  excuse  for  your  having  a  lame 
horse  about  the  place  for  we  absolutely  guarantee  Mack’s 
$1  OOO  Spavin  Remedy  to  cure  spavin  and  send  you  a  bond  to 
_  back  up  the  guarantee. 

y  This  is  a  straight-forward  business  proposition  that  yon 
'  cannot  overlook  if  you  have  a  lame  horse.  Not  only  for  the 
sake  of  the  horse— but  for  your  pocket-book  as  well,  you 
should  read  every  word  of  this  advertisement  and  then 
coupon  without  the  loss  of  an  hour. 

ffer  to  tell  you  how  to  cure  any  horse  of  lameness — absolutely 
reo.  Wo  offer  you  without  one  cent  of  charge,  the  advice  of  one 
of  America's  leading  specialists  on  the  lameness  of  horses. 
Many  an  owner  does  not  know  how  to  go  about  getting  rid  of 
the  lameness.  Don't  let  your  horse  suffer — don't  sell  him 
for  a  few  dollars — ask  us  to  tell  you  how  to  remove  the 
lameness  safely,  surely  and  quickly.  8ee  Illustration 
of  homo  below  and  read  paragraph,  “Free  Diagnosis.”  Under  $1000  Rond  We  Guarantee  Mark’s  Remedy  to  quickly  and  porma- 
ncntly  relieve  the  worst  case  of  Bone  or  Bog  Spavin,  Ringbone,  Thoroughpin,  Curb,  Capped  Hock,  Shoe  Boil,  Sprung  Knee,  Lac¬ 
erated  and  Ruptured  Tendons,  Sweeny  and  all  other  forms  of  lameness  affecting  a  horse.  It  s  a  powerful  remedy  that  goes  right  to 
the  bottom  of  the  trouble  and  quickly  restores  natural  condition  in  the  bones,  muscles  and  tendons  cures  the  lameness ^n^just  a 
few  days  to  stay  cured  and  the  animal  may  bo  worked  as  usual. 

Contains  nothing  that  can  injure  the  horse  and  heals  without 
leaving  scar,  blemish  or  loss  of  hair.  We  positively  guarantee 
every  bottle  of  Mack'9  $1, 000  Spavin  Remedy;  if  it  fails,  you  get 
back  every  cent  you  paid  for  it  as  stated  in  our  $1,000  War¬ 
ranty  Bond. 


FREE  DIAGNOSIS  COUPON 


Relieves  Cases  Formerly  Con - 
sidered  Incurable 

No  matter  how  long  your  horse  has  been  lame,  or  what  the 
nature  of  his  lameness,  you  can  absolutely  roly  upon  3Iack’s 
$1,000  Spavin  Remedy.  We  know  of  many  cases  where 
owners  have  paid  out  big  fees  and  had  valuable  animals  tor¬ 
tured  with  “firing",  “blistering"  and  other  good-for-nothing 
methods  and  as  a  last  resort  tried  Mack’s  $1,000  Spavin 
Remedy,  and  were  amazed  at  the  painless,  positive,  quick 
and  permanent  cure.  It  does  not  leave  any  scar,  blemish  or 
loss  of  hair — absolutely  no  mark  to  show  that  the  animal  ha9 
ever  been  lame.  Safe  to  use  on  any  horse,  young  or  old.  It's 
the  surest  remedy  money  can  buy,  and  it's  the  only  spavin 
remedy  in  the  world  that  is  absolutely  guaranteed  by  a 

$1,000  Warranty  Bond 

Write  for  a  sample  of  this  bond  and  other  valuable  infor¬ 
mation  about  lame  horses.  Mailed  free  upon  request. 

Your  Druggist  Will  Obtain  Mack's 
$1,000  Spavin  Remedy  For  You 

If  you  ask'Tiim.  Prico  $5.00  per  bottle.  If  ho  refuses,  remit  $5 
to  us  and  we  will  seo  that  your  order  is  filled  without  delay. 

No  matter  where,  when  or  from  whom  you  buy  Mack’s 
$1,000  Spavin  Remedy  tho  price  is  the  same.  Every 
bottle  is  absolutely  guaranteed,  and  19  accompanied  by  our 
$1000  Warranty  Bond,  which  insures  you  that  your  money  will 
bo  refunded  if  the  remedy  fails  to  do  all  wo  claim  for  it,  a9 
6tated  in  our  guaranty. 

McKALLOR  DRUG  COMPANY, 

Binghamton,  Mm  Y, 


Wo  will  toll  you  Jnst  what  tho  lameness  is,  and  howto 
relievo  it  quickly .  Absolutely  no  charge*  Write  today. 

Free  Rook  “Horse  Sense” 

Send  us  tho  Free  Diagnosis  Coupon,  get  absolutely 
free  a  copy  of  our  book  “Horse  Sense/  Describes  and 
illustrates  disease  of  horses'  limbs,  shows  correct  name 
for  every  part  of  horso  and-  tolls  valuablo  facto  evory 
horso  owner  ought  to  know, 


AND  UP- 
WARD 


AMERICAN 

SEPARATOR 

SENT  ON  TRIAL,  FULLY 
GUARANTEED.  A  new,  well 
made,  easy  running  separator  for 
$15.95.  Skims  hot  or  cold  milk: 
heavy  or  light  cream.  Different 
from  this  picture  which  illus¬ 
trates  our  large  capacity  ma¬ 
chines.  The  bowl  is  a  sanitary 
marvel,  easily  cleaned.  Whether 
dairy  islarge  or  small,  obtain  our 
handsome  free  catalog.  Address 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO. 


Box  1075 

BAINBRIDGE.N.Y. 


Death  the  Stomach 
Worms  Guaranteed 

We  will  send  yon  100  lbs.  of  DR. 
HOLLAND’S  MEDICATED  STOCK 
BALT  on  60  days’  trial  freight 
prepaid.  If  you  derive  no  benefit, 
It  costs  vou  nothing;  if  you  do,  It 
costs  yoh  $5.00.  Give  us  your  or¬ 
der  at  once. 

The  HOLLAND  STOCK  REMEDY 
COMPANY,  Wellington,  Ohio. 


A 


flfU*- 

M«l  IN 

HIWB 
IIIIW 
III  :«>!■ 
III.  —  W 
1111  -mW 

in 

'll  «!i 


Steel  Wheels- 


That’s  So!  Hired  hands  are 
getting  scarcer  every  day; 
but  LOW  DOWN  STEED 
WHEELS  will  help  to  take 
their  place.  Then,  too,  the 
•'sun  don’t  affect  a  steel  wheel 
llike  it  does  the  best  of  hired 
help.  More  brain  and  less 
muscle  nowadays.  Cata¬ 
logue  free  to  you. 

HAVANA  METAL  WHEEL  CO. 

Box  17,  Havana,  Ill. 


$20  to  $50  WEEKLY: 

selling  the  Automatic  Combination  Tool 

in  your  home  county.  A  Fence  Builder’s  Tool,  I 
Post  Puller.  Lifting  Jack,  Vise,  Wrench,  etc. 
Used  by  Farmers,  Teamsters.  In  Factories,! 
Mills,  Alines,  etc,  Weight  24  Iba.  Capacity 
3  tons.  No  experience  necessary,  Free  Instruc¬ 
tion.  Write  today  for  special  offer  to  live  agents 
Send  no  money.  NameCounty  where  you  live. 

AUTOMATIC  JACK  CO. 

33  Main  St.,  Bloomfield,  Ind. 


OUR  GUARANTY 

We  guarantee  that  the 
PAPEC  will  cut  and  elevate 
more  silage  than  any  other 
cutter,  same  power  being 
used,  and  that  it  will  elevate 
(silage  50  feet  with  less  power 
jtlian  any  other  cutter. 

PAPFf  PNEUMATIC 
*  ensilage  cutter 

Always  ready  for  business;  easy  to  set 
up  and  operate:  never  clogs.  Durably 
built — no  wood  to  twist  and  warp.  Write 
for  new  book,  “How  to  Prepare  Ensilage’’ 
—it’s  FREE.  Agents  wanted  In  several 
localities,  attractive  proposition. 

25  Distributing  Points  in  U.  S. 
PAPEC  MACHINE  CO. 

Box  70  Shortsville,  N.  Y. 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOR 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 
GUARANTEED  MONEY-SAVING 


INTERNATIONAL 

SILOS 


strongest  built.simplest  to  put  up  and  easiest  operated 
on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take  uphoop— 
continuous  open-door  front — air-tight  door  and  per¬ 
manent  ladder  are  some  "''♦he  unusual  features.  Th« 

International  Blln  Cn_  113  Main  St..  Uneerllln.  Bb 


SILO 


You  can  shovo  ensilage  out  ofthe  unobstructed, 
continuous  door  front  of  a  Unad ilia  Silo  15  cents 
a  ton  cheaper  tnan  yon  can  pitch  it  up  3  to  6  ft. 
over  cross-bars  on  an  ordinary  silo, 

TJn&dllla  Silo  doors  shove  up— most  others 
push  in,  making  it  necessary  to  feed  to  the 
bottom  of  these  doors  before  they  can  be  opened. 
Non-breakable  lugs,  cold  rolled  over  threads  on 
•end  of  steel  hoops — stronger  than  ordinary 
cut  thread  hoops.  Write  for  25  Reasons  Why. 
Extra  discount  for  early  orders,  Agents  wanted. 

UN  ADILLA  SILO  CO.,  Box  B,  Uiiadilln,  N.  Y. 


SILOS 

The  inventors  of  the  Modern 
Continuous-Opening  Silo  offer 
to  the  public  the  largest  and 
most  complete  line  of  Silos  on 
the  market.  Our  experience, 
which  antedates  that  of  any 
other  firm  manufacturingthese 
goods, has  enabled  us  to  produce 
the  highest  quality  at 
the  most  reasonable 
prices.  Send  for  our 


catalog  on  Silos  and  Silo  Fillers, 
“the  kind  Uncle  Sam  uses,”  and 
tell  us  the  size  of  Silo  wanted. 

HARDER  MFC.  COMPANY 
BOX  ||  COBLESKILL,  N.  Y. ' 


Tho  only  thoroughly  manufactured 
Silo  on  the  market.  Full  length  stave. 
Continuous  door  frame  complete  with 
ladder.  Triple  beveled  silo  door  with 
hinges.  Equipped  with  extra  heavy 
hoops  at  bottom. 

AIR  TIGHT 

Makes  winter  feed  equal  to  Juno 
grass.  THE  ROSS  will  more  than  pay 
for  itself  in  one  season.  Write  to¬ 
day  for  catalog  which  gives  facts  that 
will  save  you  money.  Agents  wanted. 
The  IS.  W.  Ross  Co.(Est,1850) 
Box  13  SPRINGFIELD.  OHIO 


GREEN  MOUNTAIN 

SILOS 

Three  bearings  all  around 
each  door  like  a  safe  or  re¬ 
frigerator  door.  Hoops  are 
stronger  than  others.  Staves, 
doors  and  fronts  soaked  in 
preservative  if  you  wish. 

Green  Mountain  Silos  differ 
from  other  round  silos. 

Free  catalogue  gives  details. 

Post  card  will  bring  it. 

CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MFG.  CO., 
338  West  Street,  Rutland,  Vt. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


631 


MIL  HL 


The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.51 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  three  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  the  26-cent  freight  zone 
who  have  no  additional  station  charges. 

The  cut  shows  the  Newburgh  milk  pail 
mentioned  in  Bulletin  326  of  the  Geneva, 
N.  Y.t  Experiment  Station.  This  pail  holds 
12  quarts,  is  10%  inches  high,  and  has  a 


NEWBURGH  MILK  PAIL. 


6% -inch  circular  opening.  In  the  test  with 
common  open  pail  it  was  found  that  the 
Newburgh  pail  lowered  the  bacterial  con¬ 
tent  of  the  milk  70.1  per  cent. 

At  Still  River,  Conn.,  milk  is  brought  to 
the  railway  station  in  40-quart  cans,  sold 
in  Bridgeport,  New  Haven  and  New  York 
City  at  from  2%  to  three  cents  per  quart. 
Farmers  sell  to  retail  customers  for  five 
cents  per  quart.  At  New  Milford,  three 
miles  above  here,  there  is  a  creamery  owned 
by  the  Mutual  Milk  Co.,  who  have  railroad 
creameries  along  the  railroad,  and  ship 
cream  and  milk  to  the  cities  by  milk  train. 
There  are  several  retail  milk  dealers  who 
sell  at  six  to  nine  cents  per  quart,  also  two 
local  creameries  making  butter  and  cheese. 
The  poultry  industry  is  divided  among  the 
farmers,  who  trade  eggs  for  produce  at  the 
stores  and  peddling  grocery  wagon.  At 
Center  Harbor,  N.  H.,  the  farmers  do  not 
sell  much  milk,  but  make  butter  and  “trade 
it  out.”  Summer  boarders  are  the  chief 
crop  up  here.  Some  milk  is  sold  in  Sum¬ 
mer  at  eight  cents  per  quart  There  is 
quite  a  demand  for  poultry  products,  and 
there  are  a  few  large  poultry  farms. 

Center  Harbor,  N.  II.  g.  m.  s. 


IMPORTED  CREAM  AND  BUTTER. 

If  President  Taft  and  Congress  want  an 
object  lesson  of  what  the  proposed  reciproc¬ 
ity  treaty  with  Canada  will  do  for  the 
farmers  of  the  nation,  they  have  it  right 
at  hand  in  the  present  condition  of  the  but¬ 
ter  market.  It  is  perhaps  fortunate  that 
this  object  lesson  is  at  hand  just  now,  even 
at  a  fearful  cost  to  the  dairy  interests, 
since  an  object  lesson  will  cause  a  truth  to 
“soak  in"  when  other  means  often  fall.  The 
tariff  on  butter  is  six  cents  per  pound.  When 
the  Payne-Aldrich  tariff  was  enacted  in 

1909  the  duty  on  cream  was  lowered  to  five 
cents  per  gallon,  regardless  of  how  rich  in 
butter  fat  it  is,  and  regardless  of  the  fact 
that  the  rate  on  milk  is  two  cents  per  gal¬ 
lon.  Just  what  influence  is  responsible  for 
such  a  ridiculous  rate  I  have  never  heard 
satisfactorily  explained.  We  are  concerned 
just  now  with  its  practical  effect. 

Separator  cream  can  easily  be  produced 
that  will  make  three  to  four  pounds  of  but- 
t'r  to  the  gallon.  Why  should  Canadian 
farmers  pay  a  tariff  of  24  cents  on  four 
pounds  of  butter,  when  it  can  cross  the  line 
before  it  is  churned  for  five  cents?  They 
soon  “caught  on”  and  it  is  now  stated  oil 
good  authority  that  enough  cream  from  Can¬ 
ada  was  churned  on  this  side  of  the  line  in 

1910  to  make  about  7,500,000  pounds  of 
butter.  It  is  this  7,500,000  pounds  of  but¬ 
ter  that  is  responsible  for  the  present  de¬ 
moralized  condition  of  our  butter  market, 
with  its  reflex  effect  on  the  milk  market  and 
other  industries.  With  unrestricted  compe¬ 
tition,  an  import  duty  on  butter  or  any 
other  article  does  not  cut  any  figure  so  long 
as  we  produce  at  home  more  than  enough 
of  that  article  to  supply  our  home  demand, 
with  a  surplus  for  exportation.  The  price 
which  the  surplus  will  bring  practically 
fixes  the  price  of  the  whole  product.  What 
would  you  think  of  the  effect  of  a  ruling 
of  the  operators  of  a  toll  road  or  bridge  in 
this  country  that  all  camel-drawn  vehicles 
must  pay  double  the  toll  of  the  horse-drawn 
vehicle?  There  is  “nothing  doing”  in  that 
line,  hence  it  is  inoperative.  We  had  just 
got  to  the  point  where  the  protective  tariff 
on  butter  was  really  helping  the  farmers  of 
the  United  States.  Consumption  had  over¬ 
taken  production,  and  our  tariff  wall  was 
a  real  protection  to  us.  We  were  beginning 
to  feel  some  of  the  benefits  which  other 
protected  interests  have  enjoyed  so  long  at 
our  expense.  In  the  year  beginning  Jan¬ 
uary  1,  1906,  we  had  a  surplus  of  24,468,- 
023  pounds  of  butter  for  export.  For  1907 
it  had  fallen  to  3,857,288  pounds,  and  in 
1908  it  was  8,918,091  pounds.  I  have  not 
the  official  figures  of  the  Department  at 
hand  for  1909  and  1910,  but  according  to 
the  Elgin  dairy  report  only  34,450  packages 
were  reported  between  May  1  and  February 
14,  1910,  while  for  the  same  period  ending 
February  14,  1911,  there  was  absolutely 
“nothing  doing.”  Only  for  the  presence  of 
that  7,500,000  pounds  of  butter  made  from 
Canadian  cream  in  this  country,  our  butter 
market  would  be  bare  to-day.  and  there 
would  be  prosperity  where  now  there  is 
gloom  and  despondency.  Our  butter  market 
is  overstocked,  and  prices  must  be  forced 
down  to  the  world  level  or  lower  in  order 


to  move  that  surplus.  Exports  to  Europe 
last  week  were  again  1,016  packages,  and 
to  other  countries  1,040  packages.  The  New 
York  price  on  March  30  is  22  cents  for 
creamery  specials.  A  year  ago  it  was  33 
cents.  What  a  fearful  price  we  are  paying 
for  that  reduction  in  duty  on  cream  to  five 
cents  per  gallon?  What  have  President 
Taft  and  Secretary  Wilson  to  say  to  this  ob¬ 
ject  lesson  in  arithmetic?  Do  they  want  to 
see  the  experiment  tried  on  other  farm 
products,  removing  even  the  five  cents  per 
gallon  on  cream?  o.  w.  mapes. 

R.  N.-Y. — We  understand  that  tliq  change 
in  the  tariff  was  the  result  of  a  clerical 
error.  It  was  intended  to  put  a  duty  of 
five  cents  a  pound  on  cream.  By  mistake 
it  was  printed  gallon.  The  facts  are  that 
in  the  eight  months  ending  February, 
1.921,939  gallons  of  cream  valued  at  $1,543,- 
759  were  imported  from'  Canada. 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE 

In  the  Elgin,  ill.,  dairy  district  butter 
averaged  29.8  cents  for  1910.  This  is  the 
highest  recorded  average  for  the  Elgin 
market. 

One  sign  of  Spring  in  New  York  is  the 
arrival  of  the  soap  peddler  who  gives  street 
demonstrations  of  the  workings  of  his 
wares.  Bareheaded,  with  neckband  of  shirt 
unbuttoned,  he  lathers  head  and  face  to 
show  the  soap's  shampooing  and-  shaving 
qualities.  It  is  certainly  a  success  for 
making  “suds,”  great  chunks  of  which  cling 
to  him.  This  demonstration  is  acconw 
panied  by  a  line  of  talk  that  might  well 
be  envied  by  a  stand-pat  orator  on  dis¬ 
covering  that  his  pet  high  tariff  schedule 
is  in  danger.  Then  the  peddler  rubs  off 
enough  of  the  suds  so  that  he  can  see  to 
count  money,  reaps  the  harvest  of  coin 
that  his  oratory  and  lather  have  produced 
and  moves  on  to  the  next  block. 

Potatoes. — The  boom  in  prices  did  not 
last  long.  During  all  of  the  present  week 
the  New  York  market  for  old  potatoes 
has  been  very  dull,  with  prices  nearly 
as  low  as  before  the  recent  advance.  New 
potatoes  from  Bermuda  have  been  in  this 
market  for  several  months,  though  too  high 
priced  for  general  use,  as  they  have  whole¬ 
saled  from  $5  to  $7  per  barrel.  Now 
the  Florida  crop  is  arriving  quite  freely, 
selling  at  prices  within  reach  of  large 
numbers  of  consumers  who  prefer  them 
to  the  old  stock.  Some  consumers,  how¬ 
ever,  after  using  two  or  three  messes  of 
these  new  and  often  immature  potatoes 
go  back  to  the  old  ones  for  a  time. 

^  About  the  most  calm  individual  seen  in 
New  York  is  the  man  driving  a  truck 
loaded  with  structural  iron.  lie  may  have 
two  horses  or  as  many  as  six  or  eight,  de¬ 
pending  on  weight  of  load,  and  his  truck 
may  be  “reached  out”  40  feet  or  more 
if  necessary  to  accommodate  the  length 
of  the  iron  beams  hauled.  Other  men  may 
worry  about  being  run  down  by  autos, 
trolley  cars,  express  wagons  or  other 
juggernauts  of  the  city  street,  but  he  has 
no  fears  of  such  happening.  He  keeps 
his  face  aimed  straight  ahead  and  drives 
on  calmly,  while  the  traffic  that  runs  over 
pedestrians  and  small  fry  vehicles  keeps 
at  a  respectful  distance  from  those  slowly 


moving  six-foot  wheels  with  their  ten-ton 
load. 

Fur  Notes. — Five  auction  sales  of  furs 
are  held  annually  in  London,  viz.  :  Janu¬ 
ary,  March,  June,  October  and  December, 
the  prices  prevailing  at  these  sales  govern¬ 
ing  the  markets  of  the  whole  world.  Of 
these  auctions  that  of  March  is  considered 
most  important.  The  1910  season  was  very 
unfavorable  for  fur  men.  It  started  with 
high  prices  at  the  March  sales,  but  dropped 
steadily,  so  that  great  losses  and  sumo 
business  failures  resulted.  As  a  result  of 
the  1911  March  sales  the  outlook  is  some¬ 
what  improved.  The  offerings  of  most  furs 
were  larger  than  a  year  ago.  Some  of  the 
important  items  follow:  1,239,510  opossum, 
which  continues  in  good  demand;  301,475 
wallaby,  supply  excessive  and  prices  low ; 
red  fox,  11,750,  demand  good;  beaver,  7,- 
210,  higher;  raccoon,  148,057,  sold  well 
at  improved  prices;  skunk,  685,131,  nearly 
twice  last  year’s  offerings,  sales  mainlv  for 
German  and  French  trade.  On  the  whole 
the  fur  market  is- considered  on  a  much 
more  stable  basis  than  last  year.  Prices 
are  about  the  same  as  two  or  three  years 
ago,  before  the  early  1910  boom. 

Several  exhibits  of  short  baskets  and 
other  measures  seized  by  the  New  York 
City  inspectors  of  weights  and  measures 
have  recently  been  piled  on  the  walk  beside 
the  City  Hall.  The  last  lot,  about  1.200. 
wrere  taken  from  farm  produce  wagons 
in  the  public  market  at  14th  street.  They 
were  the  common  side-handled  vegetable 
baskets  holding  about  three  pecks.  We 
make  no  excuses  for  men  who  try  to  cheat 
their  customers  by  short  measure  or  stuffed 
packages,  but  we  know  that  large  num¬ 
bers  of  the  truck  farmers  who  use  these 
baskets  do  not  call  them  bushels  ;  the  man 
who  buys  them  knows  that  they  are  not 
bushels,  and  thus  is  not  cheated.  Those 
who  have  handled  potatoes  or  other  roots 
know  that  a  full  bushel  is  rather  heavy 
to  lift  into  a  high  wagon.  The  writer 
has  "backed”  a  good  many  200- pound  sacks 
of  feed  and  lifted  barrels  of  flour  into 
a  wagon,  but  knows  very  well  that  for 
steady  business  it  does  not  pay,  and,  as  a 
matter  of  labor  economy,  three-peck  baskets 
are  better  than  bushels  for  building  a  high 
load.  A  three-peck  basket  may  be  used 
for  dishonest  purposes,  but  is  not  neces¬ 
sarily  a  dishonest  package.  The  case  is 
entirely  different  with  scales  or  wooden 
measures,  such  as  half  bushels,  pecks  and 
quarts.  The  names  of  those  are  standard. 
The  customer  has  a  right  to  get  16  ounces 
in  an  avoirdupois  pound,  and  2,150.42  cubic 
inches  in  the  Winchester  bushel.  But  the 
terms  basket  and  bag  convey  no  such 
definite  idea,  and  there  is  some  doubt  as 
to  the  constitutional  right  to  forbid  a 
man’s  using  a  basket  of  any  size  for 
potatoes  and  turnips,  so  long  as  he  does 
not  call  it  any  standard  measure.  It  would 
be  about  as  reasonable  to  confiscate  a  big 
dictionary  because  its  owner  may  get  from 
it  combinations  of  words  expressing  senti¬ 
ments  detrimental  to  the  public  good.  But 
many  makers  of  municipal  law,  as  well  as 
inspectors,  appears  to  have  a  great  faculty 
for  straining  out  the  gnats,  while  the  pub¬ 
lic  which  they  arc  supposed  to  serve  has  to 
swallow  whole  menageries  of  camels. 

w.  w.  H. 


The  Best  and  Sea  Green  or 

Cheapest  Roofing  Purple  Slate 


35  Years’  Roof  Service— Without  Costing  One 
Cent  for  Repairs— and  Never  a  Leak 

The  following  letters — all  written  from  the  town  of  Wilmot,  Ohio,  prove  the 
economy  of  using  slate  for  roofs. 


Any  Building,  New  or  Old— 
is  Strong  Enough  for  Slate 


Thirty-four  years  ago  this  summer  I  roofed 
my  house  with  American  Sea  Green  Slate.  It 
has  never  leaked  since  and  I  never  paid  out 
anything  for  repairs.  There  is  nothing  equal  to 
such  a  roof  for  durability  and  service. 

—URIAH  MEESE. 

Twenty  years  ago  the  building  occupied  by 
the  Farmers’  Bank  was  covered  witli  American 
Sea  Green  Slate.  It  has  given  very  satisfactory 
service,  has  never  leaked,  and  has  never  needed 
any  repairing.  I  can  heartily  recommend 
American  Sea  Green  Slate  for  roofing. 

—JOHN  LONGKNECKER,  Cashier. 


This  is  to  certify  that  the  undersigned  had 
personal  knowledge  of  placing  an  American 
Sea  Green  Slate  roof  upon  a  building  of  his 
grandfather.  Gabriel  Putnam,  in  the  year  1877, 
and  also  one  upon  the  dwelling  of  his  father  in 
the  same  year.  Said  roofs  are  to-day  intact, 
just  as  they  were  laid,  never  having  cost  one 
cent  for  repairs.— W.  O.  PUTNAM. 

In  the  year  1876  I  placed  upon  my  house  an 
American  Sea  Green  Slate  Roof  and  the  roof  is 
just  the  same  as  when  I  put  it  on,  has  never 
leaked  a  drop,  and  has  never  cost  one  cent  for 
repairs. — A.  HUKRAW. 


Protect  Yourself 
Against  Fire 

The  cheapest  insurance  is 
a  roof  of  slate — a  roof  that 
is  absolute  proof  against 
sparks  from  adjacent  fires. 

With  such  a  roof  upon  your 
house,  bam  or  outbuildings, 
you  are  secure  from 
this  danger — you  pay  •» 
lower  insurance. 


If  You  Want 
Pure  Cistern  Water 

you  must  see  to  it  that  your  roof  is 
of  Slate — which  is  impervious  to 
climatic  changes — does  not  absorb 
the  poisonous  gases  of  the  atmos¬ 
phere,  cannot  retain  dust,  dirt  or 
any  substance  that  makes  water 
collected  off  the  roof  unfit  for 
household  or  personal  use.  This 
cannot  be  said  of  any  other 
roof  you  can  name. 


Roofing  Slate  is  Solid  Rock 

It  Can’t  Wear  Out,  Warp,  Rust  or  Decay 


Sea  Green  or  Purple  Roofing  Slate  is  Nature’s  own  product — not  man  made. 
It  is  solid  rock — quarried  in  great  blocks  200  feet  below  the  earth’s  surface — split  and 
trimmed  into  convenient  form  for  applying  and  is  then — without  further  process  of 
manufacturing,  ready  for  your  roof. 

On  account  of  being  solid  rock,  it  absolutely  can  not  bum,  warp,  wear,  rust,  decay, 
and  of  course,  does  not  require  painting,  recoating  or  repairing  like  all  artificial  roofings. 


A  few  owners  have  the  mistaken  idea  that  build¬ 
ings  must  be  especially  strong  to  hold  a  slate  roof. 
This  is  a  mistake.  Any  building  strong  enough  to  hold 
a  water  soaked,  snow  and  ice  covered  shingle  roof — is 
sufficiently  strong  to  carry  slate ;  as  the  snow  and  ice 
slips  off  slate  like  water  from  a  duck's  back. 

There  is  absolutely  no  reason  why  your  present 
buildings  can  not  be  re-roofed  with  slate,  nor  will  any 
new  ones  require  special  strength  to  carry  the  load. 

SBate  Roofs  are  Cheap 

The  first  cost  of  a  Sea  Green  or  Purple  Slate  roof  is 
only  a  trifle  more  than  these  short  lived  roofings,  but  one  slate 
roof  win  outlast  10  galvanized  roofs,  10  shingle  roofs,  50  paper 
or  “oids”  roofs,  besides  never  requiring  paint,  repairs,  recoat¬ 
ing  or  expense.  Sea  Green  or  Purple*Slate  Roofs  are  the 
cheapest  roofs  that  money  will  buy  because  they’re  the  best. 

Let  Us  Give  You  the  Approximate  Cost 
of  Stating  Your  Roofs 


First  Cost  is  the  Only  Cost 

Bear  in  mind  that  the  rock  out  of  which  Sea  Green  or  Purple  Roofing 
Slate  is  made  is  already  10,000  years  old.  What  will  25—50  or  100 
years*  service  on  your  roof  amount  to  for  this  wonderful  material? 


Asking  for  this  information 
won’t  obligate  you  to  buy. 


Send  for*  Free  Booklet  “ROOFS*9*  Simply  Sign  and  Mai!  the  Coupon 

This  16-page  booklet  not  only  tells  you  how  you  can  have  a  roof  of  slate — that  cannot  crack,  warp,  blister  or  leak ;  that  ia 
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Please  send  the  Booklet  “Roofs”  to  this  address: 

Name . . . . 

Address . . 

Toum . State . . 

Approximate  size . . . 

My  nearest  roofers  name  and  address  is  as  follows : 


632 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


April  22, 


The  Henyard. 


RHEUMATIC  AND  YAWNING  HEN. 

Will  some  one  tell  me  the  trouble  with 
a  hen  that  yawns  all  the  time,  and  sug¬ 
gest  a  cure?  What  can  be  done  with  hen 
that  has  rheumatism?  I  have  a  valuable 
hen  with  both  the  above  named  troubles. 

Gasport,  N.  Y.  j.  c.  H. 

Canker  in  the  throat  or  windpipe  may 
be  the  cause  of  the  “yawning”  0f  the 
fowl  as  described  by  J.  C.  H.,  or  it  may 
be  something  else.  By  looking  down  the 
hen’s  throat  the  canker  can  be  easily 
seen — if  it  is  that.  Dip  the  point  of  a 
feather  in  a  solution  of  one  part  chloro¬ 
form,  two  parts  camphorated  oil,  and 
swab  the  canker  spots  with  it,  then  burn 
the  feather.  This  is  a  good  liniment  for 
cuts,  bruises,  etc.,  on  man  or  beast,  and 
if  the  hen  which  is  mentioned  as  having 
“rheumatism”  really  has  it,  instead  of 
leg  weakness,  which  may  be  determined 
by  the  leg  joint  being  swollen  and  hot 
if  it  is  rheumatism,  then  the  above  lini¬ 
ment  is  also  excellent  to  use  to  allay 
the  rheumatism.  One  of  the  best  in¬ 
formed  poultrymen  I  know  of  told  me 
that  what  is  often  thought  to  be  rheu¬ 
matism  in  fowls  is  really  spinal  trouble 
and  incurable,  and  the  best  use  for  such 
a  bird  is  to  put  it  in  the  pot. 

GEO.  A.  COSGROVE. 


CLOVER  HAY  AT  $30  PER  TON. 

Iu  these  days  of  ready-mixed  and  much 
advertised  poultry  feeds,  we  are  liable  to 
pass  by  many  home-grown  foods  and  by¬ 
products.  This  was  recently  called  to  my 
attention  by  a  question  from  a  reader  in 
one  of  our  leading  farm  journals,  who  wrote 
to  inquire  where  he  could  buy  cut  clover, 
stating  tbat  his  hens  liked  it  much  better 


HENS  AT  CLOVER  CHAFF.  Fig.  181. 

than  ground  Alfalfa,  which  he  had  been 
forced  to  buy  for  the  last  two  or  three 
years,  not  being  able  to  find  the  cut  clover 
for  sale.  This  question  contains  much  food 
for  thought.  We  hear  and  read  so  much 
about  Alfalfa,  are  we  neglecting  and  min¬ 
imizing  the  value  of  our  reliable  clover? 
Do  we  properly  appreciate  its  worth? 

In  a  recent  bulletin  by  the  New  Hamp¬ 
shire  Station,  Alfalfa  meal  is  reported  as 
containing  14  per  cent,  protein  by  their 
analysis,  while  good  dry  clover  hay  is  re¬ 
ported  as  containing  12  per  cent,  protein  in 
the  same  bulletin.  Alfalfa  meal  has  been 
retailing  in  this  State  at  $1.78  and  $2  a 
hundred  weight,  or  $35  to  $40  per  ton. 
Clover  hay  in  comparison  is  worth  $30  to 
$34  a  ton.  Think  of  selling  clover  hay  for 
that  price.  I  wonder  how  many  farmers 
have  been  selling  their  clover  hay  at  one- 
fourth  or  one-half  of  that  price  and  enrich¬ 
ing  some  one  else  by  buying  Alfalfa  for 
their  hens.  You  say  you  have  no  clover 
cutter.  What  of  that?  You  don’t  want 
one.  If  you  are  feeding  clover  hay  to  stock, 
quantities  of  the  leaves  and  heads  contain¬ 
ing  considerable  seed  perhaps  will  be  scat¬ 
tered  out  on  the  feeding  floor.  This  is  the 
most  valuable  part  of  the  hay,  much  better 
than  cut  clover,  and  I  will  venture  to  say 
even  better  than  Alfalfa  meal.  Carefully 
scrape  up  and  save  all  this  clover  chaff.  It 
may  be  fed  in  several  ways.  I  feed  it  dry 

In  a  large  box  so  constructed  that  the  hens 
can  reach  their  heads  in  but  cannot  scratch 
it  out.  A  strawberry  crate  would  do  well 
with  boards  nailed  around  the  bottom.  It 
can  be  scalded  and  then  fed.  or  it  can  bo 
mixed  with  ground  grains  and  be  fed  as  a 
wet  mash.  If  you  do  not  get  enough  chaff 
from  the  feeding  floor,  do  as  I  have  done 
this  Winter;  spread  the  clover  hay  on  the 
barn  floor  and  take  a  flail  and  thrash  it  out 
like  grain,  and  then  rake  off  the  coar.ser 
parts  for  the  cattle.  If  you  have  never  fed 
this  to  hens,  you  will  be  surprised  to  see 
how  they  will  eat  it.  Mine  will  often  leave 
corn  for  the  clover  when  both  are  carried 
to  them. 

One  hundred  hens,  when  confined,  will 
consume  nearly  if  not  quite  a  bushel  of 
clover  chaff  a'  day,  and,  being  so  rich  in 
protein,  it  is  an  invaluable  aid  in  the  pro¬ 
duction  of  eggs.  It  also  effects  a  consider¬ 
able  saving  in  the  amount  of  grain  a  flock 
of  hens  will  eat  and  is  to  that  extent  the 
cheapest  food  available.  If  you  don’t  have 
the  chaff  prepared,  carry  them  out  a  fork 
full  of  the  hay  and  let  them  eat  it  as  mine 
are  doing  in  the  picture. 

New  Hampshire.  Alfred  c.  durgin. 


POOR  LAYING  HENS. 

I  have  three  pullets  and  four  hens  culled 
from  a  purebred  flock  of  Buff  Wyandottes. 
I  feed  whole  wheat,  buckwheat  and  corn 
(1-1-2),  feed  a  good  formula  of  dry  mash 
in  hopper,  grit  iu  hopper,  and  try  to  feed 
hot  wet  mash  in  morning  with  table  scraps 
and  parings  of  vegetables.  They  eat  so 
little,  except  the  dry  grains,  that  it  seems 
no  use  to  try,  as  the  waste  is  great.  Flock 
has  been  lifeless  and  dull  color,  now  get¬ 
ting  brighter  and  combs  reddening.  How 
can  I  get  them  to  eat  more  green  stuff,  or 
will  they  do  well  on  what  they  get? 

H.  J.  D. 

The  fact  that  you  have  three  pullets, 
and  four  liens,  culls  from  a  flock  of 
pure  Buff  Wyandottes,  is  sufficient  rea¬ 
son  why  you  should ‘not  expect  many 
eggs.  This  variety  of  fowls  has  been 
bred  for  color  and  type  (not  the  laying 
type),  allowing  their  laying  characteris¬ 
tics  to  take  care  of  themselves,  until 
they  are  almost  purely  a  fancier’s  fowl. 
There  are,  however,  exceptions  to  this 
rule  where  some  strains  have  been  se¬ 
lected  and  bred  for  egg  production  in¬ 
stead  of  fancy,  but  you  have  evidently 
invested  in  the  former  class.  You  feed 
too  much  fattening  food,  like  buckwheat 
and  corn,  without  compelling  the  birds 
to  exercise  properly.  These  two  causes 
combine  to  produce  the  overfat,  non-lay¬ 
ing  condition  the  birds  are  in  at  the 
present  time.  The  remedy  suggests  it¬ 
self.  You  must  keep  the  birds  hungry 
and  exercise  them.  C.  s.  G. 


EGGS  KEPT  IN  WATER  GLASS. 

Wil  you  give  recipe  for  preserving  eggs  in 
water-glass?  h.  h.  s. 

West  Virginia. 

You  must  first  secure  absolutely  fresh 
eggs.  It  will  not  do  to  take  stale  eggs,  be¬ 
cause  this  treatment  cannot  improve  their 
quality.  Get  absolutely  fresh  eggs  and  wipe 
them  clean  ;  take  a  wooden  tub  or  a  stone 
crock,  measure  nine  parts  of  water  by 
weight  •  and  one  part  of  the  water-glass, 
pour  the  water-glass  into  the  water  and  stir 
until  fully  dissolved,  then  drop  the  eggs  in 
gently,  being  careful  not  to  crack  the  shells. 
A  good  way  to  do  is  to  put  them  into  a 
wire  dipper  or  scoop,  lower  them  to  the 
bottom  and  gently  roll  them  out.  Put  on  a 
cover  and  be  sure  that  all  the  eggs  are  cov¬ 
ered  by  the  solution.  That  is  all  there  is 
to  it,  fresh,  clean  eggs  in  a  wooden  or  stone 
vessel  fully  covered  by  the  solution.  They 
will  keep  six  months  or  more  in  good  condi¬ 
tion  with  this  treatment,  but  do  not  expect 
the  glass  to  improve  the  quality  of  the 
eggs. 


Clipping  Hens’  Wings. — Clipping  the 
flight  feathers  of  hens  that  fly  over  the 
fences  is  often  recommended  as  an  easy 
way  to  keep  the  offenders  within  bounds, 
but  the  method  is  not  advisable  during  the 
hatching  season.  The  wings  form  an  im¬ 
portant  part — one  might  say  an  indispen¬ 
sable  part — in  holding  the  warmth  of  the 
hen’s  body  about  the  eggs,  and  in  excluding 
drafts  of  cold  air,  while  hatching  is  going 
on,  and.  after  the  chicks  come  out  of  the 
shells,  the  hen  needs  full-feathered  wings 
for  sheltering  her  brood,  if  she  has  had  a 
full  hatch.  It  sometimes  pays  better  to 
put  up  higher  fences  than  to  clip  the  hens’ 
Wings.  WM.  It.  FISHER. 

Our  hens  paid  us  one  year  $1.22  net 
profit.  Last  year  they  did  not  do  quite  as 
well,  as  feed  was  higher.  They  paid  us  98 
cents  clear  profit.  The  Virginia  Experi¬ 
ment  Station,  after  careful  research,  found 
that  $1  per  hen  was  a  very  good  average 
profit,  and  so  we  feel  very  well  satisfied 
with  this.  Besides,  we  have  had  plenty  of 
eggs  and  poultry  meat  for  the  table  that 
was  not  figured  in.  Everything  fed  off  the 
farm  is  counted  in  at  the  market  price, 
just  as  though  it  was  bought  at  the  feed 
store.  The  work  was  not  counted  in,  for 
we  figured  that  the  products  used  would 
fairly  balance  that.  I  once  heard  a  man 
in  talking  on  poultry  at  a  public  meeting 
state  that  his  hens  paid  him  $14  and  some 
odd  cents  per  year  per  hen.  After  he  was 
closely  questioned  he  finally  had  to  state 
that  he  sold  the  hens  at  the  close  of  the 
year  for  $10  each,  and  so  that  shows  some¬ 
times  how  figures  accumulate.  In  my  case 
I  still  have  the  hens.  c.  c.  m’curdy. 

Crawford  Co.,  Pa. 

Weasels  and  Wire  Mesh. — Most  of  us 
rely  upon  one-inch  mesh  poultry  wire  to 
protect  the  young  growing  chickens,  in 
coops  and  colony  houses,  from  the  enemies 
that  prowl  about  at  night  to  prey  upon 
them ;  but  it  won’t  keep  out  weasels. 
Poultr.vkeepers  who  live  in  parts  of  the 
country  where  weasels  abound  should  guard 
their  birds  by  using  half-inch  mesh  wire. 
One  night  I  suffered  the  loss  of  23  half- 
grown  chickens  through  the  visitation  of  a 
weasel  that  had  no  difficulty  in  entering 
the  house  through  the  one-inch  mesh  wire. 
He  killed  them  all  in  the  same  manner, 
biting  each  one  in  the  back  of  the  neck 
just  below  the  head,  and,  strange  to  say, 
after  gorging  himself  by  sucking  the  blood 
of  all  these  victims,  he  was  able  to  squeeze 
himself  again  through  the  wire  mesh  and 
to  get  away  in  safety.  The  weasel  is  a 
butcher.  When  he  gets  into  a  flock  of 
chickens  he  kills  right  and  left  until  he  is 
satiated  with  blood,  and  seldom  leaves  a 
single  survivor.  Yet  he  has  a  good  side  as 
well  as  a  bad  one.  He  much  prefers  rats 
and  mice  to  chickens,  when  he  can  find 
them,  and  he  does  more  good  than  harm  to 
the  farmer  by  helping  to  keep  down  the 
grain-eating  rodents.  But  the  poultrykeeper 
can  see  no  good  .  in  this  little  snake-like 
animal,  whom  he  dreads  as  his  most  dan¬ 
gerous  and  bloodthirsty  enemy. 

WM.  R.  FISHER. 


jSSTISE  MACHINES 

You  Know 


LIU)  v  W 


> 

) " 

g- - 

-  \ 

Them 


is  like  a  lot  of  people  you  and  I  know.  It  improves  on  acquain¬ 
tance.  You  must  know  it  to  appreciate  it. 

It  s  just  a  fine,  substantial,  solid  looking  engine  and  when  tht 
hard  work  comes  it  quietly  wades  in  and  does  it. 

The  Waterloo  Boy 

than  you  ever  expected.  You  can  always  depend  on  it.  You 
know  what  it  will  do.  It  is  so  simple  your  10  year  old  boy 
can  be  engineer  with  perfect  success. 

The  old  reliable  fly-ball  governor  keeps  the  speed  steady.  It  has  a  patented 
mixer  and  new  positive  igniter.  Automatic  fuel  regulation  makes  it  economical. 
The  speed  lever  will  vary  the  speed  from  50  to  75  revolutions  while  running. 

Starts  easy  in  winter,  always  ready  without  fuss  or  bucking,  open  jacket,  frost 
proof.  Nearly  all  parts  interchangeable. 

Farmers  arc  “boosting”  Waterloo  Boys  more  than  any  other  engine.  Doe* 
that  prove  anything? 

T 
H 
E 

leads  the  world  in  efficiency— it  skims  out  99—99-100%  of  the 
cream .  It  is.  a  standard  tested  machine  and  one  of  the  first  to  com¬ 
bine  the  wing  and  disc  principles  of  skimming.  It  is  low 
down,  with  heavy  base,  convenient,  light  running— has  large  bowl,  easy  to 
clean.  Construction  simple,  few  working  parts,  very  durable. 

You  will  buy  these  machines  when  you  know  them  and  will  like  them  better 
every  day  you  use  them.  They  will  prove  your  most  dependable  friends  on 
the  farm.  Test  them  at  our  risk.  We  send  them  on  30  DAYS  FREE 
Trial  because  we  want  you  to  know  them  before  you  buy 
^  them.  They  are  GUARANTEED  FOR  5  YEARS. 

Our  record  protects  you— 18  years  of  making 
good,  of  dealing  square,  of  keeping  our  promises, 
ight  down  to  the  slightest  detail. 

Let  us  tell  you  more.  Our  catalogs  are  free. 
Write  today. 


—  -  "  a.muu  uuys  more  man  any  other  engine.  Doe* 

'rove  anything?  * 

Buttercup  Cream  Separator 

ri  o  ♦  n  a  *«.  a  a.  1  .1  m  m  A  II  _  *  .  1  •  /x  e\  a  a  __  a  n 


'L 


Waterloo  Gasoline 
Engine  Company, 

184  W.  3rd  Ave., 

Waterloo,  Iowa. 


0k 


YOUNG  MEN  WANTED  to  learn 
VETERINARY  profession.  Catalogue 
v^ffree.  Grand  Rapids  Veterinary 
College,  Dep.15,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


BARGAINS 


Cars  of  all  makes  bought  and  sold. 

’Hints  to  Buyers  and  Sellers’’mailed  Free. 

20th  CENTURY  AUTOMOBILE  CO. 

246  West  49th,  near  Broadway,  New  York 


AGENTS  1004  PROFIT 


New  Patented  TUG  or  TRACE  HOLDER.  Just  the  thing 
everybody  has  been  looking  for.  No  more  accidents  or 
runaways.  8clls  to  every  man  who  owns  a  wagon  or  buggy. 

Big  Demand,  Easy  Seller,  Bid  Profits  8how  it  and 

— - - - - - = -  y  o  u  r  sale  is 

made.  No  competition.  Wo  control  output.  Free  sample 
to  worker*,  write  quick  for  terms.  Nocxpericnre  needed. 

X.  THOMAS  MFC.  CO.,  70S5  Wayne  Street,  DAYTON,  OHIO 


Fences  cost  almost  nothing  compared 
with  results  obtained 


A  farm  of  160  acres  fenced  into  five  fields,  as  shown  in  the  diagram,  takes  1,040 
rods  of  fence.  At  fairly  reasonable  prices  the  year’s  yield  from  this  farm  is: 


Wheat . $600.00 

Oats .  157.50 

Hogs .  400.00 

Cattle . 1000.00 


Market  value  of  year’s  crop . $2157.50 

Cost  of  complete  fence . $350 


Or,  in  ten  years,  value  of  yield  $21,575 — 
and  the  fence  still  good 

What  did  the  fence  do?  Besides  enclosing  the  fields  it  facilitated  crop 
rotations  and  the  feeding  of  stock.  Without  the  fence  the  same  profit  could  not 
have  been  realized  from  the  stock. 

Fences  cost  almost  nothing  compared  with  results  obtained. 

American  fence  is  made  better  than  ever.  It  is  a  thoroughly  galvanized  square  mesh 
fence  of  weight,  strength  and  durability.  Large  wires  are  used  and  the  whole  fabric  is 
woven  together  with  the  American  hinged  joint  (patented) — the  most  substantial  and 
flexible  union  possible.  Botli  wires  are  positively  locked  and  firmly  held  against  side  slip 
and  ye.t  are  free  to  act  like  a  hinge  in  yielding  to  pressure,  returning  quickly  to  place 
without  bending  or  injuring  the  metal. 

Flcialovc  FvowTAyli Stocks  of  American  Fence  are  carried  in  every  place  where 
L/cdierb  LiVCiy  Wllcrc  farm  supplies  are  sold.  The  Fence  is  shipped  to  these  points 
in  carload  lots,  thereby  securing  the  cheapest  transportation,  and  the  saving  in  freight  thus  made 
enables  it  to  be  sold  at  the  lowest  prices.  Look  for  the  American  Fence  dealer  and  get  the 
substantial  advantages  he  is  enabled  to  offer.  He  is  there  to  serve  the  purchaser  in  person,  offer 
the  variety  of  selection  and  save  the  buyer  money  in  many  ways. 

FRANK  BAACKES,  Vice  President  and  General  Sales  Agent 

American  Steel  &  Wire  Company 

Chicago  New  York  Denver  San  Francisco 

Send  for  copy  of  “American  Fence  News ,”  profusely  illustrated ,  devoted  to  the  interests  of  fanners  and  show 
frg  how  fence  may  be  employed  to  enhance  the  earning  power  of  a  farm.  Furnished  free  upon  application 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


633 


MARKETS 

Wholesale  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  April  14,  1911. 


BUTTER 

Prices  are  one-balf  cent  lower  than  last 
week,  and  market  generally  firmer  on  all 
grades. 


Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 20  !S  .21 

Good  to  Choice . IS  @  .19 

Lower  Grades  . 15  @  .17 

Storage . 15  @  .19 

State  Dairy,  best . 19  ©  .20 

Common  to  Good . 14  @  .17 

Factory . 14  @  .15 

Packing  Stock . II  @  .14 


Elgin  111.  butter  market  firm  at  21  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery.  22  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  22  cents. 

CHEESE 

Receipts  continue  large,  but  trade  is  very 
good,  considerable  export  business  being 
noted. 


Full  Cream,  best.  Fall  made . 14  @  .15 

Common  to  Good . 12  @  .15 

New  Made . 09  ®  .10)4 

Skims. . 06  @  .10 


Lettuce.  ?4-bbl.  bkt . "5  @  2  25 

Peppers.  Southern,  bu .  1.00  ®  2.25 

Fennel,  Southern,  bbl .  2.00  @  3.00 

Horseradish.  100  lbs .  5.00  ©  8.00 

Lima  Beans,  Fi  t.  but .  2.00  ©  4.00 

Okra.  Fla.  Carrier  .  2.00  @  3.00 

Onions,  old.  yellow,  bag .  2.75  ©  4.00 

Texas,  crate . 2.00  ©  2.25 

White  pickle,  bu .  1.25  @  2.25 

Peas.  Fla.,  bu .  1.00  ©  3.00 

Radishes,  S'n  H  bbl.  bkt . 25  @  .75 

Rhubarb,  100  bunches.  .  31)0  ©  6.00 

Komaine.  Southern,  )4  bbl . 75  @  1.25 

Salsify,  100  bunches . 5.00  @  7.00 

String  Beans,  bu .  1.00  @  4.00 

Spinach,  bbl .  LUO  ©  1.37 

Squash,  bbl .  1.75  ®  2.60 

Turnips,  Rutabaga,  bbl . 75  @1.25 

White.  bbL .  1.00  ©1.50 

Leeks.  Southern,  100  bunches . 3.00  ©  6.00 

Egg  Plants.  Fla.,  box . 2.00  ©  2.25 

Parsnips,  bbl .  1.00  @  1.25 

Parsley  bbl . 2.00  ©  2.50 

Tomatoes,  Fla.  crate . 75  ©  1.50 

HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 
Cucumber  market  weak.  Radishes  and 
rhubarb  scarce.  Tomato  demand  very  poor. 

Cucumbers,  best,  doz . 75  ©  .90 

Common  to  good . 50  @  .60 

Musurooms.  lb . 20  ©  .45 

Radishes,  100  bunches .  2.00  @  3  (10 

Rhubarb,  doz  bunches . 25  ©  .65 

Tomatoes,  lb . 05  ®  .10 


EGGS 

Arrivals  are  very  heavy,  but  large  quan¬ 
tities  are  going  directly  into  storage,  so 
that  the  offerings  of  fresh  stock  for  sale 
are  not  excessive. 


White,  good  to  choice . 18  @  .21 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 17  @  .is 

Common  to  Good . 15  @  .17 

Western,  best . 17  @  .18 

Under  grades . 12  @  .15 

Duck  eggs,  dozen . 30  ©  .35 

Goose  eggs,  dozen . 60  @  .70 


BEANS 


Market  is  slightly  weaker  on  marrow  and 
medium,  a  decline  of  five  cents  per  100 
being  noted. 


Marrow,  100  lbs.. 

Medium . 

Pea . 

Yellow  Eye . 

Red  Kidney . 

WhiteKidney . . . . 
Lima,  California 


3.10  ©  3.8U 
3.00  ®  3.60 
3.00  @  8.65 
3.50  ©  3.65 
5.20  ©  5.75 
5.00  ©  5.10 
6.60  @  6.70 


HOPS 


On  the  Pacific  Coast  the  demand 
port  trade  is  good,  though  few  are 
to  sell  at  present  prices. 


Prime  to  Choice . 28 

Common  to  Good . 25 

Pacific  Coast . 21 

German  Crop,  1910 .  .50 


for  ex- 
willing 

@  .29 
@  .27 
®  .22 
@  .53 


CIDER  VINEGAR 

New  York  prices  for  single  barrel  lots. 


Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 22  ©  .24 

Standard  Grade . 13  @  .15 


DRIED  FRUITS 

Prices  given  are  largely  nominal  in  the 
absence  of  sales. 


Apples,  evap.  prime . 12  ©  13 

Evap.,  com.  to  good . U6  @  .11 

Suit  Dried . 06  @  .07)4 

Chops . 07  ©  .08 

Cores  and  Skins . 07M®  07)4 

Raspberries . 28  .30 

Cherries . 15  ©  .18 


FRESH  FRUITS 


Apple  market  firm  on  sound  fruit.  Some 
cellar  stored  receipts  opening  very  poor, 
the  fruit  being  slack  packed  and  rotten  or 
shriveled.  Strawberries  are  not  too  plen¬ 
tiful,  but  running  sandy  and  soft,  showing 
the  effect  of  rain. 


Apples.  Russet,  bbl. . 3.00 

Winesap .  4.00 

Greening .  4.00 

Baldwin .  4.0U 

Ben  Davis . 3.50 

Spy . 4.00 

Western — 

Newtown,  box . 1.65 

Spitz,  box .  I.75 

Rome,  box .  2.00 

Black  Ben,  box .  1  75 

Gano.  box  .  2.00 

Cranberries — 

Cape  Cod.  bbl . 12.00 

Jersey,  bbl . 11.00 

Strawberries,  Fla-,  qt .  iu 

Other  Southern . 20 

Oranges,  Fla.  box .  2.75 

Porto  Rico .  2.50 

California . 2.50 

Grape  Fruit,  Fla.  box . ,  2.50 

Pineapples,  Havana,  18s .  2.75 

Florida,  24s .  2.35 


@  5.00 
©  6.60 
©  71)0 
©  6  .00 
©  5  A0 
©  6.UQ 

©  2.50 
@  2.50 
©  2  25 
@  2.25 
©  2.25 

@14.00 
@12.00 
@  .28 
©  .25 
©  3.25 
©  2.76 
©  4.00 
@  3.50 
©  3.00 
@  3.30 


VEGETABLES 

A  violent  reaction  has  put  potato  prices 
nearly  to  their  former  low  figure,  with 
market  very  weak.  Onions  arriving  freely 
from  Texas  and  meeting  good  trade.  String 
beans  and  peas  largely  poor.  Fancy  let¬ 
tuce  selling  well.  Tomatoes  very  low. 


Potatoes— N.  Y.  State,  180  lbs .  1.50  @  1.75 

Maine .  1.75  ©  2.00 

Southern,  new,  No.  1,  bbl .  5.00  @  5.50 

Southern,  new.  No.  2,  bbl .  3.60  ®  4.25 

Virginia,  second  crop,  Db> .  1.50  ©  1.75 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bkt .  1.00  @  2A0 

Sweet  Virginia,  bbl .  2  00  ©  2.50 

Asparagus.  Southern,  Ucy  doz . 3.75  ©  4  50 

Good  to  prime .  2.00  ©  3.50 

Calif.,  green,  fancy .  4.00  ©  4.50 

Calif.,  green,  eommon  to  good .  2.50  @  3.50 

Beets,  new,  100  bunches .  2.50  ©  3  00 

Carrots,  bbl .  1.50  ©  2.00 

Southern,  new,  100  bunches . 2.00  ®  3.00 

Cabbage— Danish  seed,  ton . 10.00  ©12.00 

New,  Southern,  bbl .  1.00  ©  1.25 

Chicory,  bbl .  3.50  @  5.00 

Cucumbers.  Fla.  bu. .  1.50  @  2.25 

Esearol.  )4  bbl.  bkt... .  1.00  @  2.00 

Kale,  Dbl .  1  00  ©  1.25 


Kohlrabi,  Southern,  100  bunches ’.  ’.  2.50  @  i!o0 


LIVE  POULTRY 

No  business  at  the  latter  end  of  the 
week  on  account  of  the  Passover  Jewish 
holidays.  About  35  ears  held  over  to  start 
next  week's  trade-  Demand  for  heavy  poul¬ 
try  was  good. 


Chickens,  Broilers,  lb . 30  ©  .40 

Fowls . 18  ©  .20 

Roosters . 10  @  .12 

Ducks . 16  @  .18 

Geese .  .09  ©  .10 

Turkeys . 12  ©  .16 

DRESSED  POULTRY— Fresh  Killed 
Receipts  of  fresh  fowls  are  not  large,  but 
trade  very  slow. 

Turkeys.  Fancy . 19  ©  20 

Common  to  Good . 16  @  .18 

Chickens,  fancy  broilers,  lb .  35  @  .40 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 25  ©  .30 

Fowls .  14  @  .16 

Squabs,  doz .  1.75  @  4.75 

DRESSED  POULTRY-FROZEN 
Practically  nothing  doing  in  lower  grades. 

Turkeys,  best .  .22  ©  .23 

Chickens,  milk-fed  broilers .  22  ©  .25 

Corn-fed  broilers . 15  ©  .22 

Milk-fed  roasters . 17  ®  .18 

Corn-fed  roasters . 15  ©  .16 

Fowls .  12  ©  .15 

Ducks,  best . 15  @  .16 

Common  to  good . 13  @  .14 

Geese . 07  @  .11 


COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 
Receipts  of  calves  large,  but  trade  good. 
Hothouse  lambs  fairly  plenty  and  selling 
at  last  week's  range  of  prices. 

Calves,  good  to  prime . 10  ®  .12 

Common . 08  ®  .G9 

Lambs, hothouse,  head . 3.00  ®  6.00 

Pork,  light. . . . 09  ©  .10 

Medium  to  heavy . u7  ©  .08)4 

Roasting  Pigs,  lb . 14  ©  .17 

HAY  AND  STRAW 


Choice  Timothy  and  clover  very  firm ; 
lower  grades  dull. 


Hay.  No.  I,  ton... 

No.  2 . 

No.  3 . 

Clover  Mixed... 

Clover . 

8traw,  Rye . 

Oat  and  Wheat, 


21.00  ©  22.00 
18.00  @  20.00 
14  00  ©  16.00 
12.00  @  18  00 
.  12.00  ®  16.00 
9.00  ©  10.00 
8.00  ©  9.00 


LIVE  STOCK 


Most  of  the  native  steers  and  cows  offered 
are  low  grade  and  bard  to  sell.  Calves 
scarce;  medium  and  upper  grades  selling 
well.  Demand  for  lambs  active. 


Native  Steers.  100  lbs .  5  60  ffl  6.60 

Oxen  and  Stags .  4.50  @5.25 

Cows .  2  40  @  4.80 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs .  7.00  @  9.00 

Culls  .  5.00  ®  6.00 

Sheep,  100  lbs .  4.00  @  4.50 

Lambs . 5.50  ©  6.60 

Hogs .  6.00  @  7.00 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.06  ©  ... 

No.  2,  Red . 96  ©  ... 

No.  1  Macaroni . 97  @  ... 

Com,  as  to  quality,  bush . 50  ®  .65 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 35  @  .38 

Rye . 76  @  .80 

MILL  FEED 

Spring  Bran,  ton .  26.25  ©  27.75 

Standard  Middlings .  27.00  ©  28.00 

Red  Dog .  28.00  @  29.00 

Hominy  Chop .  21.50  ©  22.70 

Linseed  Meal .  33.00  (3  34.00 

Corn  Meal . 23.U0  ©  24.00 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  14.85 

Middling  Gulf .  15.10 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  14.12 

Good  Middling .  15.05 

WOOL 

NewYork Fleeces.  Delaine,  unwashed..  24  ©  .25 

Ohio  half  blood  combing . 25  ©  .27 

Kentucky,  three-eighths  blood . 25  ©  .26)4 

Michigan,  half  blood . 25  @  .26 

TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadleaf-illler . 08  ©  .10 

Fine  wrppers . 50  @  .60 

N.  Y.  State  Fillers . 05  @  .06 

Fine  and  Selections . 12  ©  .16 

Ohio  Zimmer  s  Spanish . 19  @  .20 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 07  <8  J09 

Dark  Leaf . 10  ©  .20 

Bright  Cutters . 12  ©  .30 


Wart  Cure. — I  find  axle  grease  superior 
to  castor  oil  for  warts  on  a  cow’s  teats. 
It  is  easily  applied  with  a  small  varnish 
brush.  r.  c. 

Pennsylvania. 


16  Silo  Questions 

Such  as  you  should  ask  and  have 
answered  before  yon  buy.  A 
Free  Booklet  that  wilt  be  worth 
dollars  to  you. 


T  ' 

r.. :  ‘  ’■  f 


“//  I  need  another,  it  will  surely 
be  a  Green  Mountain." 

P.  H.  Kendrick , 

Piltsford,  Vt. 


Green  Mountain”  Silos  ? 
This  Book  Tells  You 


Do  you  intend  to  purchase  a 
Silo?  Then  it’s  good  business  to 
know ,  when  you  make  a  selec¬ 
tion,  just  WHY  you  are  mak¬ 
ing  that  particular  selection. 

Don’t  take  chances.  Here’s  your  opportunity  to  get 
important  Silo  knowledge  and  study  the  problem  out 
carefully  by  yourself  at  home.  Our  handsome,  new 

GREEN 

MOUNTAIN 

SILO 

booklet,  “A  Brief  Catechism,”  asks  and  answers 
briefly  and  plainly  many  vital  questions  that  every 
silo  user  ought  to  know. 

It  tells,  for  instance, WHY  our  staves  are  soaked  in  pure 
creosote  oil,  killing  all  decay  germs  and  making  silos 
last  many  years  longer  than  those  not  so  treated.  Jt  tells 
WHY  over  2,000  feet  of  good  lumber  daily  is  turned 
into  useless  shavings  to  match  the  staves  as  we  want 
them.  It  tells  WHY  the  GREEN  MOUNTAIN  SILO 
door  is  made  like  a  safe  door — a  patented  feature  that 
other  silo  makers  would  imitate  if  they  dared.  It’s  a 
valuable  reference  book  on  all  points  of  silo  construction. 

Also  gives  copies  of  letters,  such  as  u)e  receive 
every  day  from  successful  farmers,  praising  Green 
Mountain  Silos.  Let  us  send  the  booklet  TOD  A  Y. 

Creamery  Package  Mfg.  Co., 

338  West  Street,  -  -  Rutland,  Vermont 


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fVVC 

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SON 

I  .U  S  (ID  drum  1 

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ert 

No.  190—Runabout 

Sells  at  retail  for  $65.  Easy 
riding,  stylish  and  very  dur¬ 
able.  We  defy  competition 
with  it. 


$48.50 


No.  290  —  Buckboard 

Retailers  ask  $70  for  its 
equal.  Our  own  pattern, 
strongly  made,  easiest  rider 
known,  and  a  general  favorite. 


We  make  the  best  New  York 
State  Standard  Quality  Wagons 
and  sell  them  direct  from  factory 
to  users  at 

Wholesale  Prices 

You  save  all  dealer's  and  job¬ 
ber's  profits — from  $20  to  $40 — 
and  obtain  our  binding  guarantee 
for  one  year  from  date  of  pur¬ 
chase. 

No  Money  in  Advance 

Any  wagon  will  be  shipped  to 
you  for  free  examination  and 
approval.  No  deposit  or  references 
required. 

Safe  Delivery  Guaranteed 

'l  ou  take  no  risk  whatever. 
Every  wagon  will  reach  you  in 
perfect  condition,  or  it  can  be  re¬ 
turned  to  us  at  our  expense. 

Send  for  Catalogue 

Showing  200  styles  of  wagons 


No.  118 — Top  Buggy 
Fully  as  good  as  retails  for$75. 
Will  give  years  of  service, 
nicely  finished,  and  a  bargain. 


$53.50 


No.  350 — Handy  Wagon 

Removable  seats,  very  strong, 
and  one  of  our  best  selling 
styles.  Can’t  be  duplicated 
anywhere  for  less  than  $70. 


and  50  styles  of  Harness.  Every  approved  pattern  is  shown  at  a  wide  range  of  prices. 

ROCHESTER  VEHICLE  CO.,  360  Main  St.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


DAIRY  SUPPLIES 

We  are  headquarters  forMilk  Bottles, 
Cans.  Caps,  Carriers,  Churns,  Drain¬ 
ers,  Pasteurizers,  Separators,  lee 
Crushers,  etc.,  and  every  utensil  nsed 
by  handlers  of  milk,  cream,  butter, 
eggs,  ice  cream  or  cheese.  Best  goods, 
fair  prices,  prompt  shipments.  Satis¬ 
faction  guaranteed.  Send  11s  today 
your  list  of  needs.  No  order  too  small. 

WISHER  MFG.  CO  ,  238  A  Greenwich  St..N.Y. 
Everything  For  Dairymen  Always  In  Stock 


Mfjrmo  FOR  SALE  at  Low  Prices  in  nearly 
rallllo  all  parts  of  New  York  State.  Catalog 
free  to  parties  intending  to  buy. 

NOUTHKRN  REAL'l'Y  CO.,  Syracuse,  X.  Y. 


I 


DO  YOU  NEED  FARM  HELP? 

The  Jewish  Agricultural  and  Industrial  Aid 
Society  has  on  its  lists  men  wishing  to  obtain  em¬ 
ployment  upon  farms.  Most  of  them  are  without 
experience,  but  they  are  able-bodied  and  willing 
to  work.  They  speak  lltt  le  or  no  English,  although 
many  of  them  speak  German.  If  you  can  make 
use  of  such  help,  please  communicate  with  us, 
stating  what  you  will  pay.  whether  the  work  is 
permanent,  and  whether  you  prefer  a  single  or  a 
married  man.  We  are  a  philanthropic  organiza¬ 
tion,  whose  object  it  is  to  assist  and  encourage 
Jews  to  become  farmers.  We  charge  no  commis¬ 
sion  to  employer  or  employee.  Address 
THE  J.  A.  8  I.  A.  S.,  174  Second  Avenue,  NEW  YORK  CITY 

WE  SELL  FARMS  in  Oceana,  best  County  in  U.  S. 

Fruit,  Alfalfa,  Grain, Vegetables,  Stock,  Poul¬ 
try.  J.  D.  S.  HANSON  &  SON,  Hart.  Mich. 


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634 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


April  22, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 

The  Auto  Press  Co.,  of  New  York, 
about  which  we  have  received  much 
inquiry,  is  now  proposing  an  increase  of 
its  capital  stock  by  $2,000,000.  As  long 
as  raw  paper  and  ink  hold  out  there  is 
no  good  reason  why  they  should  not 
issue  all  the  stock  people  will  buy.  Do 
we  recommend  the  purchase  of  the 
stock?  Oh,  yes.  At  40  cents  a  hundred 
pounds  for  junk. 

The  names  of  the  women  labeled  the 
American  Woman’s  League  is  now  the 
“sucker  list’’  of  the  Lewis  enterprises-, 
and  it  is  being  peddled  around  as  the 
only  vital  asset  of  the  bankrupt  outfit, 
after  a  chattel  mortgage  has  been  is¬ 
sued  against  a  few  cups,  its  sole  pos¬ 
session.  Lewis  has' given  his  noble,  con¬ 
fiding,  loving  women  one  distinction : 
He  has  made  them  independent  emanci¬ 
pated  members  of  the  first  exclusive 
female  “sucker  list”  on  record.  Is  there 
no  shame  in  the  would-be  respectable 
publishers  who  treat  the  confiding  gulli¬ 
bility  of  these  deluded  women  as  a  cash 
asset? 

Gardner’s  Nursery  Co..  Osage,  Iowa,  have 
a  proposition  to  pay  12  per  cent  for  money 
in  any  amount  from  .$10  to  $500.  What  do 
you  think  of  it.  E.  J.  A. 

New  York. 

This  concern  is  making  a  fake  propo¬ 
sition  for  the  sale  of  nursery  stock. 
They  call  it  an  advertising  orchard,  and 
try  to  make  you  believe  that  you  are 
getting  the  stock  cheap  because  of  the 
advertising.  We  have  had  many  com¬ 
plaints  in  the  past  about  stock  sent  on 
these  orders,  and  we  have  refused  their 
advertising.  Our  advice  to  you  is  not  to 
loan  any  money  to  any  concern  that 
promises  12  per  cent  interest.  If  the 
credit  of  a  house  is  such  that  it  has  to 
pay  12  per  cent  interest,  the  security  for 
the  loan  is  not  all  that  could  be  desired. 

The  Southern  Express  has  paid  my  claim 
of  $12.13  for  one  case  of  eggs  lost  October 
26  during  strike  period  in  New  York.  Please 
accept  my  thanks  for  your  efforts  in  my  be¬ 
half.  J.  E.  w. 

Virginia. 

This  claim  was  for  a  shipment  of  eggs 
to  a  commission  house  in  New  York, 
which  the  Adams  Express  Company 
failed  to  deliver.  They  offered  the  ship¬ 
per  $5.98,  which  was  less  than  half  the 
value  of  the  eggs.  We  refused  settle¬ 
ment  on  that  basis.  The  above  letter 
shows  the  result.  The  express  com¬ 
panies  refuse  adjustment  in  cases  where 
shipments  were  delayed  during  the 
strike  period  and  in  many  cases  sold 
them  for  what  they  could  get  out  of 
them,  and  the  shipper  is  obliged  to  take 
this  amount  or  get  nothing  at  all  for  his 
goods.  In  this  case  the  shipment  was 
lost,  and  we  were  able  to  insist  on  the 
full  value. 

While  attending  a  show  at  Watertown, 
N.  Y.,  a  ticket  was  given  to  me  which  I 
was  to  sign  and  put  into  a  box  with  others 
of  the  same  kind.  To-day  I  received  a  let¬ 
ter  saying  I  was  one  of  the  lucky  ones  and 
had  drawn  a  building  lot.  Their  agent  is 
to  call.  It  will  cost  $6  to  execute  deed  and 
pass  title.  It  looks  like  a  fraud.  Please 
advise.  a.  w.  h. 

New  York. 

Of  course  it  is  a  fake.  Everyone  is 
one  of  the  lucky  ones.  This  scheme  has 
been  worked  over  and  over  for  years. 
Land  over  a  hundred  miles  out  on  Long 
Island  is  usually  selected.  Some  of  it 
is  under  water,  more  of  it  is  scrub  oak 
land  worth  possibly  $3  per  acre,  and 
sometimes  the  companies  have  no  title, 
nothing  but  an  option  of  some  doubtful 
value.  At  best  the  lots  cost  them  about 
30  cents,  so  that  they  can  well  afford  to 
give  them  away  for  $6.  Sometimes  they 
get  $20  or  more.  A  number  of  these 
promoters  have  been  sent  to  prison  by 
the  Post  Office  Department  on  such 
schemes.  Don’t  let  them  work  the  trick 
on  you. 

Last  week  William  George  Motley 
was  lyrrested  at  32  Broadway,  New 
York,  by  Post  Office  inspectors  under  a 
charge  of  alleged  misuse  of  the  mails  in 
the  sale  of  stock  in  the  Alleghany 
Quartz  and  Channel  Mining  Co.,  of 
which  he  is  president.  The  company  is 
said  to  own  the  Gold  Star  mine  and 
the  Cold  Spring  quartz  mine  in  Nevada 
county,  California.  During  recent  years 
he  has  promoted  several  other  mining 
companies.  It  is  alleged  that  he  paid 
dividends  that  were  not  earned  on  one 
of  his  mining  companies  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  effecting  sales  of  the  stock. 
Of  course,  Mr.  Motley  was  indignant 
at  his  arrest.  His  opinion  of  the  In¬ 
spector  and  the  Post  Office  officials  gen¬ 
erally  no  doubt  coincided  with  the 
sentiments  expressed  by  E.  G.  Lewis 
and  many  others  whose  traffic  has  been 
interrupted.  Did  you  ever  know  a 
rogue  with  high  opinion  of  the  law? 


The  “sucker  list”  was  one  of  his  big  as¬ 
sets.  It  is  said  that  this  one  is  the  most 
complete  of  any  yet  discovered. 

About  two  years  ago  I  commenced  treat¬ 
ment  for  a  complication  of  diseases  with  a 
doctor.  J.  L.  Winslow,  Pittsburg,  Pa.  He 
guaranteed  to  cure  me  in  five  or  six 
months.  I  paid  him  $100  for  professional 
services,  and  he  sent  me  medicine  every 
month,  and  cost  me  about  $7  each  ship¬ 
ment.  He  said  he  would  cure  me  in  five 
or  six  months  or  return  the  full  amount 
of  the  professional  fee.  I  used  his  medicine 
for  about  18  months.  I  quit  using  the 
medicine  about  four  months  ago.  I  could 
not  see  that  I  was  any  better  at  the  end 
of  the  treatment  than  when  I  started.  The 
doctor  refused  to  return  the  one  hundred 
dollars,  and  when  I  write  to  him  he  tells 
me  to  continue  the  treatment.  I  send  you 
the  guarantee  which  he  gave  me  when  I 
was  at  his  office  about  two  years  ago. 

Pennsylvania.  a  subscriber. 

The  written  agreement  in  above  case 
provides  that  the  patient  was  to  pay 
$100,  and  follow  the  directions  of  Dr. 
Winslow.  The  doctor  agrees  to  furnish 
professional  services  until  the  patient  is 
cured,  provided  the  patient  takes  the 
treatment  as  prescribed  regularly  and 
without  any  interruption  to  the  course, 
and  abides  by  all  instructions  given  by 
Dr.  Winslow  or  his  assistants.  He 
agrees  to  return  the  full  amount  of  the 
fee  for  services  in  case  of  failure  to 
cure  or  render  satisfaction.  The  adver¬ 
tisements  published  by  Dr.  Winslow 
state  “no  cure  no  pay,”  and  “I  never  ac¬ 
cept  pay  for  my  services  until  I  make  a 
cure.”  You  will  note  that  the  agree¬ 
ment  is  that  the  patient  use  the  treat¬ 
ment  until  cured  without  interruption 
and  strictly  according  to  instructions. 
There  is  no  limit  of  time,  so  that  un¬ 
der  the  contract  the  patient  may  be 
obliged  to  continue  the  treatment  as 
long  as  he  lives,  and  as  Dr.  Winslow 
gets  about  $7  a  month  for  the  medicine 
the  process  does  not  seem  to  be  an  un¬ 
bearable  burden  to  him.  Dr.  Winslow 
insists  that  he  is  under  no  obligation  to 
return  the  money  as  promised,  since  the 
patient  has  not  lived  up  to  the  letter  of 
his  agreement.  The  promise  to  cure  in 
five  or  six  months,  if  made,  must  have 
been  verbal,  as  no  limit  of  time  is  made 
in  the  contract.  To  say  the  least,  the 
ethics  of  the  medical  profession  would 
hardly  sanction  the  issue  of  such  a  con¬ 
tract  to  a  patient.  Notwithstanding  the 
technical  terms  of  the  agreement  we  be¬ 
lieve  the  courts  would  give  the  patient  a 
judgment  for  the  fee,  if  the  case  went 
to  trial. 

What  can  you  tell  us  about  the  stock  of 
the  Columbian  Magazine  as  an  investment 7 
They  claim  to  pay  16  per  cent  dividends. 
They  are  selling  quite  large  blocks  in  this 
neighborhood.  •  D.  D. 

New  York. 

In  the  name  of  common  sense  why 
should  farmers  risk  their  savings  in 
publishing  ventures?  This  is  a  new 
publication.  .There  is  nothing  about  its 
appearance  to  indicate  that  it  has  met 
with,  any  special  public  favor,  or  that  it 
deserves  anything  unusual.  We  think  it 
would  be  an  agreeable  and  encouraging 
surprise  to  other  publishers  to  ex¬ 
amine  the  earnings  and  expenses  of  the 
company  and  discover  an  earning  to  jus¬ 
tify  a  16  per  cent  dividend.  Any  claim 
by  any  publisher  that  a  stock  is  paying 
a  dividend  of  16  per  cent  and  that  the 
stock  is  actually  worth  double  the  price 
at  which  you  can  buy  it,  should  be 
carefully  investigated  before  you  part 
with  the  cash.  Periodical  publishing  is 
a  precarious  business  at  best.  While  the 
publication  is  new,  the  best  anyone  can 
say  is  that  it  is  being  tried  out ;  and 
experience  shows  the  total  failures  out¬ 
number  the  conspicuous  successes  many 
times  over.  When  publishers  want  to 
speculate  on  their  ability  to  run  a  paper 
with  your  money  and  point  to  the  few 
concerns  which  have  been  successful,  ask 
them  if  they  are  not  familiar  with  the 
ventures  that  were  complete  failures, 
and  lost  every  cent  that  was  put  into 
them  by  outsiders  like  yourself.  Pub¬ 
lishers  who  go  into  these  ventures  with 
their  own  money  have  our  best  wishes 
for  their  success,  but  when  they  attempt 
to  allure  country  people  to  put  their  sav¬ 
ings  into  such  ventures,  our  sympathies 
are  with  the  investor,  and  it  becomes 
our  plain  duty  to  express  a  word  of 
caution. 

You  are  certainly  on  the  job  when  you 
get  after  the  crooks  and  dead  beats.  You 
are  like  a  hard-boiled  egg,  hard  to  heat. 

New  York.  a.  j.  g. 

We  are  glad  to  have  a  little  encour¬ 
agement  of  this  sort.  Sometimes  we 
feel  that  we  are  not  making  much 
headway.  The  interests  that  are  inter¬ 
fered  with  are  more  prompt  to  protest 
than  those  indirectly  benefited  are  to 
approve.  This  is  but  natural.  We  ex¬ 
pect  that  it  would  be  so,  but  it  makes 
the  approval  of  decent  people  all  the 
more  welcome  when  it  does  come.  The 
R.  N.-Y.  people  are  always  prompt,  how¬ 
ever,  to  respond  to  any  request  for  co¬ 
operation,  and  that  is  the  secret  of  any 
results  actually  attained.  j.  j.  d. 


Gasoline  Engines 


214  and  3'A  Horsepower 

I>eyo  Engines  are  always  reliable.  They 
will  run  properly  at  any  temperature 
and  at  all  times.  Best  material  and 
workmanship  assure  the  Deyo  owner 
of  a  good  engine.  We  can  and  will 
prove  it  if  you  write  for  booklet  1-B. 
DEY0-MACEY  ENGINE  CO.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 

Manufacturer*  of  I>eyo  I’ower  Sprayers 


! 


UDMC’C  ROSE  COMB  RHODE  ISLAND  T||D|fCVQ 
nunc  0  REDS  AND  MAMMOTH  BRONZE  I  UllfvL  I  0 

Eggs  and  baby  chicks  from  high  class  matings 
at  reasonable  prices,  quality  considered.  Safe  ar¬ 
rival  and  satisfaction  guaranteed  on  all  orders. 

D.  R.  HONE,  Crescent  Hill  Farm,  Sharon  Springs,  N.  Y. 


WILD  AND  BRONZE  TURKEY  EGGS-Chicken  Eggs.  Hand- 

—  ■  . . .  some  Catalog  2  ct- 

stamp,  showing  pure  wild  gobbler  from  the  moun¬ 
tain.  VALLEY  VIEW  POULTRY  FARM,  Belleville,  Pa. 


POULTRY  SUPPLIES 


SPECIAL  OFFER— White  Rock  Eggs.  $1  $  15;  $5  100. 

Partridge  Cochin  Eggs,  $1.25  ^  15:  $6.00  ^  100. 
Partridge  Wyandotte  Eggs.  $1.00  $  15;  $5.00  11 100. 
Barred  Rock  Eggs.  $1.25  ^  15;  $7.00  14  100. 

Fresh  eggs  from  good  stock,  free  range  and  healthy. 

Circular  prices  hold  on  your  choice  of  matings. 
MINCII  BROS.,  IL-2,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 


WHITE  EGG  STRAIN  INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS— Thor¬ 
oughbred,  vigorous  birds.  Wonderful  layers 
of  large  white  eggs;  mated  with  imported  drakes, 
well  marked,  fawn  and  white;  $2.00  for  15;  Buff 
Orpingtons,  $1.50  for  15.  Liberal  discount  for  incu¬ 
bator  eggs.  Cherry  Hill  Farms,  Pittstown.  N.  J. 


LIFE  PRODUCERS 

SUCCESSFUL  INCUBATORS 

LIFE  PRESERVERS 

SUCCESSFUL  BROODERS 

The  only  machines  that  rival  the  mothei 
hen.  Sold  on  a  Direct-to-You  Fac¬ 
tory  Price.  Get  our  Big  FREE  Incubator  Book  and  save 
40%.  Send  postal  now.  Booklet, “Proper  Care  and  Feeding 
of  small  Chicks.  Ducks  and  Turkeys"  sent  for  l(»c. 

DES  MOINES  INCUBATOR  CO  ,  90  Second  Si..  Der.  Mo'nes,  In, 


Everything  for  the  ponltryman  at  low  prices;  Auto 
matic  Feeders,  Hall  Mammoth  and  Model  Incuba 
tors.  Feed,  Remedies,  Hen-e-ta,  Rat  Corn,  Liverine 
LegBands.etc.  Prompt  shipments.  W  rite  forcatalog 

HARRIES  &  BENEDICT  CO. 


MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1811 
R.  MacKELLAR’.S  SONS  CO..  Peekskill,  N.  Y 


CfiffO — Guaranteed  fertile;  from  range -grown 
Lu  uO  stock  that  pav  large  piofits  at  the  egg  basket 

MAPLE  COVE  POULTRY  FARM  .  .  R.  D.  24,  Athens,  Pa. 


Dfllll  TPYMCW_Sen<l  10  cents  for  our  One  60 
lUUL  I  II  I  III  L  ll  page  Illustrated  Catalogue 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Marietta,  Pa 


THOROUGH-BRED  POULTRY— Best  twenty  varieties 
Good  stock.  Eggs,  15,  $1 :  40,  $2.  Catalogue 
H.  Ii.  MOHR,  Quakertown,  Pa.,  Route  3. 


Sp  WHITE  LEGHORNS,  Barred  Plymouth  Bocks, 
■  Ua  if  Mammoth  White  Pekin  Ducks.  Stock 
hatching  eggs,  chicks,  ducklings.  Circular.  Est.  1904 
Abovo  Poultry  Farm.  Chatham,  Morris  Co.  N.  J. 


Bonnie  Brae  White  Leg¬ 
horns  and  Pekin  Ducks 


ARE  BETTER 
t  h  a  n  ever. 
Eggs  from  our 
heavy  laying 
strains  now 
ready;  also  some  choice  matings  of  Barred  and 
White  Plymouth  Rocks,  Rose  Comb  White  Leg¬ 
horns,  White  Wyandottes,  Single  and  Rose  Comb 
Rhode  Island  Reds,  Light  Brahmas,  Mammoth 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Pearl  Guinea  Fowl.  Orders 
for  early  settings  and  baby  chicks  now  booked. 
Get  some  prize  matings  at  right  prices.  BONNIE 
BRAE  POULTRY  FARM,  NEW  ROCHELLE,  N  Y.  Largest 
successful  plant  in  New  York  vicinity.  10,000-egg 
capacity.  Agents  for  Cyphers  Incubator  Company. 
Correspondence  invited. 


RICHLAND  FARMS. 

Breeders  and  Exhibitors 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHOKNS, 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  HOCKS, 

S.  C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS. 


HATCHING  EGGS 
Half  Price  After  May  1st. 

S.  C.  White  Leghorns. 
fine  Setting.  15  eggs  .$1.00 
Two  Settings,  30  eggs..  1.75 

One  hundred  eggs .  4.00 

One  thousand  eggs . 35.00 

White  Plymouth  Rocks 
&  S.  C.  Black  Orpingtons 
1  Setting,  15eggs,$1.25&$2.50 

100  eggs  .  . $7.00 & $14.00 

Fertility  Guaranteed.  . 
RICHLAND  FARMS, 


BABY  CHICKS. 
100  or  less,  each. ...15c 
500  or  more,  each  12J-^c 
White  Plymouth 
Rocks  &  S.  C.  Black 
Orpingtons. 

100  or  less,  each.... 25c 
We  guarantee  safe 
arrival  of  chicks  in 
first-class  condition. 
Frederick,  M<1. 


EMPIRE  STATE  S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Winners  at  N.  Y.  State  Fair.  Heavy  layers;  trios. 
$5.  Eggs  for  hatching,  $1  for  15,  $5  for  100.  Cata¬ 
logue  free.  C.  H.  ZIMMER,  Weedsport,  N.  Y. 


LAKEHILL  FARM 

W.  H.  THACHER. 

Single  and  Rose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W.  P.  Rocks 
anti  Imp.  Pekin  Ducks.  Cockerels  and  Ducks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  in  any  quantity  from  $2  up. 
Chicks,  $15  per  100.  Ducklings,  $25  per  100.  Write 
for  special  prices  in  large  lots.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  of  hatching  eggs  and  day  old  chicks 
and  ducklings.  Safe  delivery  and  satisfaction 
guaranteed.  CARL  W.  LLOYD,  Mgr., 

Hillside.  Westchester  County,  N.  Y. 


MT.  PLEASANT  FARM 

A  b  reeding  establishment  of  250  acres, 
devoted  to  developing  the  best 

Si.  O.  W.  LEGHORNS 

Fine  Breeding  Cockerels  at  reasonable  prices. 

MT.  PLEASANT  FARM.  Bo*  Y,  HAVRE  DE  GRACE.  Maryland. 


S,  G,  White  Leghorn  BABY  CHICKS 

$10  per  100  in  any  quantity.  Breeders  are  vigorous 
yearlings  and  2-year-olds.  Circular.  VANCKEST 
POULTRY  FARM,  Salt  Point,  Dutchess  Co.,  X.Y. 


CHICKS  Bab)  CHICKS 

S  C.  WHITE  LEGHORN  CHICKS  of  Standard  Quality. 

We  guarantee  chicks  to  he  hatched  from  eggs  laid 
by  our  own  breeders  and  shipped  only  when  day-old. 

We  Can  Please  You.  We  Will  Please  You. 

Mammoth  Hot  Water  Incubator  having  a  capa¬ 
city  of  10,200  eggs. 

Have  Your  Orders  Booked.  Circular  Free. 

SPRING  WATER  POULTRY  FARM,  Stockton,  New  Jersey. 


Pill  I  FT^— S-  C-  w  LEGHORNS— Booking  orders 
■  HLLt  I  O  future  delivery.  Hatching  eggs  from 
vigorous  birds  for  prompt  shipment.  Limited 
number  choice  breeders.  Lakewood  and  Youngs 
strains.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Fiemington,  N.  J. 


SINGLE  CGMB  WHITE  ORPINGTONS 

Kellerstrass  strain.  Eggs  for  hatching.  $3.00  per 
15;  from  prize  winning  stock.  W.  A.  KAISER, 

2703  Jamaica  Ave.,  Richmond  Hill,  L.  I. 


FINE  QUALITY  ORPINGTONS,  black  and  white.  Owens’ 
and  Cook’s  strains.  $2  and  $3  pec  sitting.  $1U 
per  100.  Rev.  J.  D.  GRAHAM  Lyonsville,  Mass. 


INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS-Blaek  Langshan  Eggs  for 
I  sale.  J.  GORDON  DRAKE,  Port  Huron,  Mich. 


Indian  Runner  Ducks,  S.  C.  White  Leghorns 

Eggs  for  Hatching.  Send  for  Circular. 

F.  J.  FULLER,  Waterport,  Orleans  County,  New  York 

WRIGHT’S  WHITE  WYAN00HE  WINNERS-Eggs,  $4.50 
for  100.  Baby  Chix,  $12.50  for  100;  $7.00  for  50. 
GRAND  VIEW  FARM,  Stanfordville,  N.  Y. 


SNOW  WHITE  WYANDOnE  EGGS  for  hatching,  $1  per  15, 

$5  per  100.  A  few  good  Cockerels.  Circular  free. 
GOLDENROD  FARM,  Dept.  R,  Stewartstown,  Pa. 


WHITE  WYANDOTTES-SrSb'rS'b", 

me  for  12  years.  Large,  fine  birds,  splendid  layers. 
Have  been  winning  for  5  years.  Eggs,  high  fertility, 
100, $5.00.  Sitting, $1.00.  WILLIAM  0.  BURR,  Fairfield,  Conn. 


DUFF  WYANDOTTES,  heavy  laying  strain, 
$1.25  and  $2.00  per  set  of  15;  also  Single  Comb 
White  Leghorns  at  $1.00  per  set  of  15.  Also  for  ex¬ 
change.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Nursery  Ave. .Woonsocket,  R.  I. 


“THREE  COLUMBIAN  WYANDOTTES 

—  jy  Combine  more  of  beauty  and  utility  than 
UA  Ko  any  breed  today.  Right  there  with  the 
eggs  every  time.  Stock  and  Hatching  Eggs.  Free  illus¬ 
trated  Mating  List  of  winners.  Address 

RALPH  WOODWARD,  Box  28,  Grafton,  Mass. 


White  Wyandottes 

range.  Eggs:  $5.00  per  100,  $1.00  for  15. 

C.  H.  FOGG,  R.  F.  D.  No.  3,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 


S.C. RHODE  ISLAND  REDS  EGGS  for  1  latch - 

At  The  Horseshoe  Road  Poultry  Farm  pj.f^es  ^Address 
WM.  R.  BURKHOLDER,  Box  152,  R.  5,  Lancaster,  Pa. 


Van  Alstyne’s  Rhode  Island  Reds 

10  Utility  Cockerels  at  $3.00  each;  100  S.  C.  Year¬ 
ling  Hens  at  $2.00  each;  50  S.  C.  surplus  Pullets  at 
$2.50  each.  Eggs  for  hatching  in  any  number. 

JAS.  E.  VAN  ALSTYNE.  Kinderliook,  N.Y. 


THE  FARMER’S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 


THE  BEST  S.  C.  REDS 

.  .  .  ARE  .  .  . 

DAVIS’  200  EGG  STRAIN 

Utility . $1  per  13;  $6  per  100 

Special  Matings  .  .  .  $2  per  13;  $10  per  100 

_  Prize  Matings  ....  $5  per  13;  Mammoth 

Hot  Water  Incubator  Baby  Chicks  ....  $15  per  100 
Book  Orders  Now  Circular  Free 

DAVIS  POULTRY  HARM,  Berlin.  Mass. 


Eggs  For  Hatchinrtami 

Indian  Runner  Ducks.  High-class  stock— 
utility,  show  or  export  SINCLAIii  SMITH,  602 
Fifth-Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


REDS  EXCLUSIVELY 

Eggs  from  Single  Comb  Handsome  Dark  Matings, 
$2.00  for  13;  $8.00  per  100.  From  Utility  Heavy 
Layers.  $100  for  13;  $4.50  per  100. 

O  V  E  R  I.  O  O  K  P  O  U  L  T  R  Y  FARM 
Teh  59-4  Foxboro,  Mass. 


A  ..otln’o  S.  C.  R.  I.  REDS— Bi 

AUStlll  S  {j0  ]ay  Eggs  $1.50 

AUSTIN  POULTRY  FARM,  C( 


Bred  to  lay  and  they 
50  per  15,  $6.00  per  100. 
Centre  Harbor,  N.  H. 


Barred  Plymouth  Rock-.’K-'.T  SKS 

raised  birds.  Great  laying  strain,  $1.25  per  16; 
$4.50  per  100.  CHAS.  T.  DOWNING,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


EGGS _ SI  per  15,  $2  per  40  of  Thor.  Brahma*.  Rocks,  Wyan¬ 

dottes,  lied*,  Minorcas,  Houdans,  Leghorns,  Hamburgs;  19  var., 
28  years’  experience.  Catalogue.  S.  K.  Mohr,  Coopersborg,  l*a. 


‘PC— BARRED  ROCKS;  S.  C.  REDS;  large, 
IUO  vigorous  layers;  $1.00  for  15,  $5.00  per  100, 

R.  ELLIS  ;  ;  :  :  Pulaski,  N.  Y. 

i  EGGS  si  00 — Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
I  trv.  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Large  ll  lus¬ 
ted  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  la. 

I-  Wh:  Leol..rns.  Mottled  Anconas,  S.  C- .1  I.  lied 


S.C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 


Cockerel*,  $1.50;  old  hen*,  $2.00, 
chicks,  8c.  each.  If  m:>re  than  lour 
chicUs  are  dead 
to  each  100  you 
buy,  when 
reaching  your 
express  office,  I 
will  make  good 
the  loss.  Cata¬ 
log  about  chick 
feeding  and  diseases  free. 


C.  M.  Lauver,  Box  73,  Richfield.Pa. 


KEAN’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTES 

Bred  for  large  size,  heavy  laying  and  fancy  pur¬ 
poses.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  setting;  $5.00perl00,  for  re¬ 
mainder  of  season.  Address 

E.  FRANKLIN  KEAN  ....  Stanley,  N.  Y. 


19T1. 


THE  RURAt  NEW-YORKER 


CONTENTS 

The  Regal  New-Yorkeb,  April  22,  1011. 

FARM  TOPICS. 

Lime  in  a  Manure  Spreader . 515,  514 

Building  Up  Maryland  Soil . i.514 

Lime  from  Acetylene  Gas  Plants . 514 

Was  Soil  or  Fertilizer  at  Fault? . 314 

A  Problem  in  Drainage . 514 

Treatment  of  Kaffir  Corn . 51(1 

Turnips  and  Clover . 510 

Planting  Potatoes  by  Hand . 518 

Heading  Off  Cutworms  and  Other  Pests. 520 

Questions  About  Hairy  Vetch . ..521 

Hope  Farm  Notes....' . 522 

Crop  Notes  . 525 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

An  Ox  Trotter . 517 

Mr.  Taylor's  Side  of  Guernsey  Cow 

Case.  Part  II . 528 

Ailing  Cow;  Rickets  in  Pig . 528 

Indigestion  . 528 

That  Celebrated  Guernsey  Case . 529 

That  Hen  Contest . 529 

Those  Hen  Figures . 529 

Spray  Mixture  and  Cattle . 529 

A  Chenango  Co.  Horse  Deal . 550 

How  to  Feed  Sbotes . 550 

Summer  Silage  Without  Silo . 530 

Mlk  . 531 

Tax  on  Mlk . 531 

Imported  Cream  and  Butter . 531 

Rbeumate  and  Yawning  Hen . 532 

Clover  Hay  at  830  per  Ton . o32 

Poor  Laying  Hens . 532 

Eggs  Kept  in  Water  Glass . 532 

Clipping  Hen's  Wings . 532 

Weasels  and  Wire  Mesh . 532 

HORTICULTURE. 

How  to  Prune  Fruit  Trees . 513 

Repairing  Old  Apple  Trees . 515 

Grapes  or  Apples — Which? . 515 

Crops  for  a  Garden . 510 

Fruit  Trees  in  Sod . 510 

Some  Apple  Notes . 510 

Use  of  Lime-Sulphur . 518 

Fruit  Prospects  . 51S 

New  Plan  of  Tomato  Growing . 519 

Apples  for  Northern  Ohio  Markets . 519 

Facts  Wanted  About  Lime-Sulphur ....  52 1 
A  Talk  About  Grapes . 523 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day . 520 

Freckles  . 520 

Mutton  Timbales  . ..520 

Kidney  and  Tomatoes . 520 

Grape  Juice  in  Quantity . 527 

Steamed  Spice  Pudding . 527 

The  Rural  Patterns . 527 

Inexpensive  Floor  Covering . 527 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Notes  on  the  Bermuda  islands . 517 

Old  Friends  aud  New . ...520 

Editorials  . 524 

Other  People's  Money . 525 

Events  of  the  Week . 525 

Concrete  Posts  . 530 

Markets  . 533 

Publisher's  Desk.  . 534 

Humorous  . 536 


CARE  OF  INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS. 

1  bought  five  high-bred  Indian  Runner 
ducks  and  put  them  In  the  back  yard  with 
eight  or  10  chickens.  The  space  they  hare 
to  run  in  is  75x75  feet.  The  water  for 
them  is  kept  in  gallon  jars,  and  one  pool 
four  by  six  feet  and  six  inches  deep.  The 
pool  is  filled  from  the  hydrant  aud  cleaned 
and  fresh  water  every  three  days.  I  have 
a  lot  of  sand  which  has  been  used  for  mak¬ 
ing  sandpaper  loose  on  the  ground.  One 
side  of  the  yard  hickory  wood  has  been 
piled  for  several  years,  and  some  of  it 
allowed  to  rot.  Part  of  the  fence  consists 
of  privet  hedge  just  now  coming  out,  and 
along  the  fence  a  great  many  Cannas, 
which  grow  something  like  a  lily  or  a  flag, 
with  roots  on  the  same  order,  and  these 
are  now  coining  through  the  ground,  and 
the  ducks  eat  them  off  as  fast  as  they 
come  up.  One  of  these  ducks  died  about 
a  week  ago,  and  another  died  last  even¬ 
ing.  They  hare  never  had  anything  to  eat 
except  as  follows:  Cracked  corn,  whole 
wheat,  a  mixture  of  bran,  shorts  aud  corn- 
meal,  whole  corn,  old  eggshells,  and  once 
or  twice  a  week  scraps  from  the  table,  in¬ 
cluding  oatmeal  cooked  the  day  before. 

Arkansas.  T.  r.  k. 

The  Canna  has  no  bad  reputation,  and 
the  roots  contain  much  starch.  Ducks  are 
large  meat  eaters  in  a  state  of  nature,  and 
your  ducks  may  not  have  had  enough  of 
this.  But  I  judge  that  their  chief  lacks 
are  grit  and  green  stuff.  Where  ducks 
are  kept  in  confinement  every  effort  must 
he  made  to  furnish  them  an  abundance  of 
green  stuff  of  one  kind  and  another.  Cut 
clover  and  clover  meal  are  a  Winter  stand¬ 
by.  Though  not  "green”  in  the  sense  of 
fresh  and  juicy,  they  have  the  composition 
of  a  nutritious  vegetable,  in  good  propor¬ 
tion  for  a  living  ration,  and  much  better 
than  some  for  eggs.  Cabbage  is  a  handy 
feed,  nearly  all  water.  We  use  beet  pulp 
to  quite  an  extent  also.  In  Summer  lawn 
clippings,  weeds,  clovers  and  short-cut  sweet 
corn  stalks  as  well  as  waste  vegetables 
will  help  them  out.  If  you  feed  an  over¬ 
proportion  of  starchy  feeds,  you  simply 
kill  your  birds  gradually.  All  your  heavy 
feeds  need  to  be  balanced  roughly  with 
those  having  water  or  roughage  in' goodly 
proportion.  Perhaps  I  should  rather  say 
water  aud  roughage.  Where  flocks  are 
smalt,  hens  and  ducks  run  together,  at 
times,  without  harm.  In  the  breeding  sea¬ 
son.  there  is  likely  to  be  trouble,  especially 
if  birds  are  confined.  On  the  farm,  running 
free,  they  may  be  found  together  all  over 
the  country.  c.  s.  valentine. 

Surplus  Stuck  of  Choice  Strawberry  Plants 

$2.50 per  1,000.  H.  H.  RUNNING,  Clyde,  N.  Y. 

LED  CORN— Reid's  Yellow  Dent,  Imp. Learning, 
vvoluen  Surprise,.  American  Pride,  White  Cap  and 

seed  oats.  Catalog  tree  THE0.QURI  &  SONS.Melrose.Ohia 

— Eureka  PotatoPlanter, little  used, with 
fertilizer  attachment;  two-horse,  one-row  machine 
!n,.-no<  condition.  Two  360-egg  Cyphers  Incubators, 
190/  model,  cheap.  Mareus  M.  Browne,  Marlboro,  Mass. 

MELON'S,  Lima  Beans,  Sweet  Corn  aud  Squashes 
i  to  4  weeks  earlier  if  started  in  Paper  Pots. 
Recommended  by  Hope  Farm  man  and  Cornell  Uni¬ 
versity.  Shipped  flat:  tow  rates;  3-in.,  $1  25  per  1000. 
4-m.,tl.7o  per  1000.  P.  B.  CROSBY  8  SOB,  Catonsvilte.Md. 


with 


WANTED— AT  ONCE  ;r 

Must  be  good  milkers,  experienced  with  cattle  and 
at  dairy  farm  work.  W,  F.  SHRUM,  Jeaimette,  Pa. 

Ul ART EB.— Position  as  Farm  Manager  or  Super- 

lnteudeni  by  a  competent,  well  educated  young 
single,  Ag.  College  graduate.  Experienced 

n  large  farms  in  general,  stock  and  dairy  farming. 
<*ood  references.  C.  D.  L.  eare  of  R.  N.-Y. 


Write  Today 


We  want  every  farmer  In  the  land  to  have 
our  attractive  Free  Booklet  on  hay  loaders. 
It’s  full  of  interesting  facts  and  illustrations. 
It  shows  plainly  why  the  simple,  light  run¬ 
ning  “  GEARLESS”  Hay  Loader  is  the  cheap¬ 
est  to  buy,  tiie  easiest  to  operate,  the  most 
durable  and  altogether  the  most  satisfactory 
loader  for  heavy  hay,  windrows,  light  hay, 
clover,  alfalfa  or  beans. ' 

It’s  the  loader  that  can  be  depended  upon 
every  hour  during  the  haying  season.  “No 
time  out  for  repairs.” 

Let  us  send  you  our  Free  Booklet  at  once. 
Write  us  today. 

LA  CROSSE  HAY  TOOL  CO. 

THIRTY-FIFTH  STREET  CHICAGO  HEIGHTS.  ILL. 

DIGS  ALL  THE  POTATOES 

without  cutting  them— just  enough  adjustment  to  meet 
your  conditions  without  carrying  too  much  soil.  Saves 
enough  more  potatoes,  even  in  small  acreage  to  pay  for 
machine  in  short  time.  Perfect  separation.  Is  as  fight 
draft  oaauy  digger  can  be.  Is’o  neck  weight.  Two  styles 
made  Prices  $75,00  to  $105.00.  No.  150  is  the  lighter 
machine,  built  on  strong  but  very  simple  lines — a  great 
favorite  with  growers.  Separate  bearings,  easily  removed 
and  cheaply  replaced.  Operates  entirely  from  the  seat. 


IRON  ACE 


POTATO 
_  DIGGERS 

are  not  experiments— years  of  actual  use  in  all  sorts  of 
conditions  have  proved  their  worth.  ’Write  to-day  for 
Anniversary  Catalog — complete  lino  of  potato  machin¬ 
ery,  garden  wheel  hoes  and  drills,  orchard  tools,  etc. 


Special  Agency  Offer 


$192| 

and  up 

BREEZE 

Motor-  Vehicle 


To  establish  fifty  new  agencies  we 
are  making  a  special  summer  offer. 
Write  today  for  full  particulars— a 
chance  to  enjoy  life  and  make  money. 

The  Breeze  is  a  reliable 
automobile  for5i92.5o  and  up ; 
runs  anywhere  you’d  send 
a  horse  and  bosr^y ;  low  up¬ 
keep;  simple,  speedy,  safe. 

The  Jewel  Carriage  Co. 

Dept.  T.  Cincinnati,  O. 


RUNNING  WATER 

WHEN  AND  WHERE  YOU  WANT  IT 

Water  pumped  day  and  night  automatically 
from  nearby  stream,  pond  or  spring.  No 
expense^  no ^attention ;  no  repairs.  A 

~  ~  DAM  is  l°w  ^ 

- I iMIfl  first  cost 

(and  high  in  efficiency.  No 
attention  or  expense  to  main¬ 
tain.  Write  us  for  Free  Book 
of  helpful  suggestions. 

POWER  SPECIALTY  COMPANY 
111  Broadway,  New  York 


FOSTER  duty 


SCHOOL  CHILDREN 

can  make  good,  clean  money  by  selling 

Wescott  Graphite  Metal  Dairy  Ware 

to  parents  and  neighbors.  Sanitary,  handsome 
and  indestructible.  Special  Offer:— Tlie  first  two 
children  In  each  town  or  on  single  R.  F.  D,  Route 
applying  will  receive  free,  Hand  Painted  Pan.  I 
do  not  ask'  for  stamps  or  coin.  I  pay  postage. 

Grco.  F.  Weacott, 

White  Building.  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Dl. EASE  semi  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com- 
*  mission  House  in  New  York.  Kst.  1838.  Butter, 
Eggs,  Poultry,  Pork,  Calves.  Hay.  Grain.  Beans, 
Appies.ete.  K.  R.  WIMHIWAMII,  SOS  l/rnn.M  St.,  ,N.Y. 

Egg's,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELLIFFE,  WRI6HT  8  CO.,  Com 
mission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.. New  York. 

JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY. 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 

Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 


93-95  South  Market  St., 


Boston. 


ten  FflrmQFOR  SAI;E  CHEAP-  in  fertile 

IvJU  I  Q 1 1 1 1 0  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horace  G.  Rebder,  Newtown,  Pa. 

MILCH  GOATS  SALE 

Pour  pairs  High  Grade  Toggenburgs.  $15  and  $20  a 

pair.  INDUSTRIAL  HOME,  Tappau,  S,  Y. 


NEWTON’S  HEAVE 

COUCH,  DISTEMPER  IIQP 
AND  INDIGESTION  l/Ul\L 

The  firstor  second  $1.00  can  cures  Heaves.  The  third 
can  Is  guaranteed  to  cure 
or  money  refunded,  asg 


_  The  Standard  Veterinary  Remedy. 

Makes  the  Horse  Strong  and  Willing  to  Work. 

CURES  HEAVES  BY  CORRECTING  THE  CAUSE 
which  Is  Indigestion.  Send  for  booklet  “Horse  Tronb- 
Fs.”  Explains  fully  about  the  Wind,  Throat,  Stomach 
and  Blood.  N  ewton’sissaf  efor  colt,  adultor  mare  in  foal 
A  GRAN0  CONDITIONER  AND  WORM  EXPELLER 
#1.00  n  can  at  dealers,  or  express  prepaid 
THE  NEWTON  KEMEDY  CO.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


will  reduce  in  flamed.swoUenJoInts, 
Braises,  Soft  Bunches.  Cure  Bolls, 
Boll  Evil,  Qnitor,  Fistula  or  any 
unhealthy  sore  quickly:  pleasant 
to  use;  does  not  blister  under 
bandage  or  remove  the  hair,  and 
you  can  work  the  horse.  $2  per  bot¬ 
tle,  delivered.  Book  7  E  free. 

ABSOKBINE.JB.,  liniment  for 
mankind.  Reduces  Painful,  Swol¬ 
len  Veins,  Goitre,  Weni  Strains, 
Bruises,  stops  Pain  and  Inflamma¬ 
tion.  Price  *1.00  per  bottle  at  deal¬ 
ers  or  delivered.  Will  tell  you  more 
if  you  write.  Manufactured  only  by 

!V.  F. YOUNG,  P.O.F.,  88  Temple  St..  Springfield, Mass. 


Positively  Cured 
By  Using . 


Calf  Scours 

CRELOLL 

No  Failures  Guaranteed 

Also  the  only  known  remedy  for 
WHITE  DIARRHOEA  in  poultry. 
Caledonia  Chemical  Co.,  Caledonia,  N.  Y. 


EXCELSIOR  SWING  STANCHION 

Warranted  The  Best.  30  Days’  Trial 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationai-y  when  open 
Noiseless  Simple  Sanitary  Durable 

The  Wasson  Stanchion  Co., 
Box  60,  Cuba,  N.  Y. 

i  m:  e 

FOR  AGRICULTURAL  PURPOSES 

Mixtures  of  Potash,  Phosphate  Rock  and  Lime  of 
different  proportions 

LAND  PLASTER 
PHOSPHATE  ROCK. 
AGRICULTURAL  SALT,  Etc. 

ALL  GUARANTEED 
AGENTS  WANTED 

Caledonia  Chemical  Co.,  Caledonia,  /V.  V. 

rnD  Oil  Of  209  acres,  stock  and 

r  II  it  A  3  I  U  tools.  $8.00  per  day  income, 
fonrteen  room,  white  house 
with  green  blinds,  three  large  barns,  silo,  granary, 
sheds,  hen  house,  fruit,  25  Holstein  cows  ami 
heifers,  five  hogs,  wagons,  buggy,  mower,  reaper, 
rake,  harrows,  sulky  cultivator,  plows,  drill,  roller, 
root  cutter,  eorn  shelter,  etc.  Groat  money  maker, 
must  go.  Price,  $7,500;  $4,500  cash. 

HALL’S  FARM  AGENCY,  Owega,  Tioga  Coonty,  New  York. 

FOR  SALE— Small  Virginia  Farm. 

128  acres  of  productive,  money  making  land. 
Nearly  new  eight  room  frame  house,  very  pretty 
and  attractive.  Barns  and  other  necessary  out¬ 
buildings.  Splendid  garden,  orchard  of  apple, 
pear, peach,  cherry,  and  plum  trees.  Only  2Hmiles 
from  progressive  town  on  the  main  line  of  South¬ 
ern  Ky.  Fifty  miles  from  Washington,  D.  C. 
This  is  a  bargain  at  $6U.U0  per  acre.  For  full 
description  of  this  and  other  farms,  write  to 

II.  M.  HTTBBEL/Li,  Warrenton,  Va. 

EWELL  FARM  LANB-SOO  ACRES  of  the  Famous  Ewell 
Farm  for  sale.  Heavy  elay  loam  soil,  very  fertile, 
200  acres  in  virgin  timber  or  pasture  laud,  excellent 
bluegrass,  125  acres  in  wheat  and  clover,  100  acres 
in  orchard  grass.  Well  watered,  two  springs,  a  well, 


Address,  PERCY  BROWN,  Spring  Hill,  Tenn. 

UOR  SALE — A  rare  chanee  to  secure  a  most  de- 
1  sirable  Stock  and  (up-to-date)  Poultry  Farm, 
about  117  acres,  completely  equipped,  for  less  than 
cost  of  buildings  and  recent  improvements.  Loca¬ 
tion:  Chester  County,  Penua.;  convenient  to  Phila¬ 
delphia.  Situation  ideal.  No  further  expenditure 
needed.  For  full  particulars  address:  JOHN  V. 
SAUTTER,  Manager,  Chester  Springs,  Peuna. 


636' 

\55  b  uys  Best 

140-Egg  Incubator 

Dou  ble  cases  all  over  -.best  copper 
tank;  nursery,  self-regutatlng. 
Best  140-chlck  hot-water  brooder, 
$4.85.  Both  ordered  together, 

$11.50.  Freight  prepaid  (E.  of 
Rockies  >.  - — 

No  machines 
at  any  price 
are  better.  Satisfaction  guar¬ 
anteed.  Write  for  book  today 
orsend  pricenow  and  save  time. 

Belle  City  Incubator  Company,  Box  48  RaaSefWisconw 


Rhode  Island  Reds  Yield  Big  Profits 

Many  a  farmer  has  made  a  big  dent  in  his 
mortgage  by  the  help  of  Rhode  Island  Reds. 

Walter  Sherman’s  Book  Tells  You 
AH  About  These  Wonderful  Fowls 

How  easy  they  are  to  take  care  of.  How  fine 
they  are  tor  table  use.  What  prolific  layers  they 
are.  Even  tells  you  how  to  take  care  of  them 
■when  sick.  Every  poultry  man  should  have  a 
copy.  I  he  pictures  in  this  book  are  true  to  life, 
each  from  a  photograph  taken  on  his  place.  Two 
ot  them  by  the  new  French  color  process. 
Show  the  birds  in  their  natural  colors.  So 
real  that  you  almost  expect  them  to  move. 

How  to  get  this  book  FREE 

Send  20  cents  (50  cents  would  be  a  low  price). 
With  each  book  is  given  a  rebate  coupon 
worth  20  cents  on  your  first  order  for  2  settings 
of  eggs.  Send  for  the  book  today. 

Walter  Sherman,  25  Boulevard,  Newport,  R.I. 


PppO-MAMMOra  BRONZE  TURKEYS, 
L  U  Uu  Learl  Guineas,  Indian  Runner  Ducks  and 
www  Barred  Plymouth  Rocks.  Write  for  Free 
Price  List.  POPLAR  LAWN  FARMS,  West  Falls,  N.  Y 

WHITE  ORPINGTONS,  Cook  strain:  Eggs  for  hatching, 
"  $2' per  15:  Cockerels,  $3  each :  Mammoth  Pekin 
Duck  Eggs,  $1  per  12.  WAVERLEY  FARMS.  Haymarket,  Va. 

BABY  CHICKS — Singlo  Comb  White  Leghorns, 
Rose  Comb  Rhode  Island  Reds,  10c  and  12c  each. 
Strong  and  livable.  From  vigorous  free  range  stock, 
bred  for  utility  and  standard  qualities.  Safe  delivery 
guaranteed.  WESLEY  GRIN  NELL,  Sod  us,  N.  Y. 

Rrprf  tn  I  RU  Dustin  Strain  W.  Wyandottes  and 
LllGU  IU  LQj  Purks  Strain  Barred  Rocks.  Eggs, 
$1.00  per  15.  H.  R.  STARNER,  Corning,  N.Y. 

IRDS  OF  QUALITY,  Bred  to  lay ;  S.  C  W.  Leghorn 
Hatching  Eggs,  $6  per  100;  Chicks,  $12  per  100. 
S.  C.  R.  I.  Red  Eggs,  $8  per  100;  Chicks,  $15  per  100. 

THE  WINONA  FARMS  ■  Drawer  272  .  LANSDALE,  PA. 

WHITE  WYANDOTTES  EXCLUSIVELY 

Free  range,  extra  good  winter  laying  strain,  $1  00  per 
15  eggs;  $5.00  per  100.  F.  CYRUS  TWINING,  Pineville,  Pa. 

CRfiQ  — INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS,  $150 
CUUO  PER  13.  $3.00  FOR  30;  WHITE  EGGS. 
FRANK  F.  TERRY  .  .  .  Assonet,  Mass. 

S.  C.  W.  LEGHORN  EGGS  FOR  HATCHING 

15  for  $1.50,  $7.00  per  100.  Baby  Chicks,  15c.  each 
Pens  headed  by  choice  cockerels  direct  from  D.  W. 
Young.  E.  M.  YOUNG.  Edenville,  N.  Y. 


EGGS 


from  high  record  W.  P.  Rock  Hens,  $2 
for  15,  $5  for  45.  Incubator  eggs  $tiper 
100.  A.  S.  BRIAN,  Mt.  Kisco,  N.  Y. 


PRIZE  WINNING  STRAINS! 

dottes,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  both  combs.  Single 
Comb  White  and  Brown  Leghorns,  eggs  $1.60,  15; 
$7.00,  100.  Light  and  Dark  Brahmas,  $2.00,  15.  Cat¬ 
alog  gratis.  F.  M.  PRESCOTT,  Riverdale,  N.  J. 

YX7YCKOFF-BLANCHARD  strains  Single-Comb 
vy  White  I/eghorns,  $1.25  setting  Heavy  laying 
Rose-Comb  Black  Minorcas,  $1,50  setting,  t  ircular. 
HIGH  RIDGE  POULTRY  FARM,  Lauhel.  Mrr. 

RC.  B.  MINORCAS  ;  great  layers;  eggs.  $1.00 
•  for  15.  GEO.  BOWDISH,  Esperanco,  N.  Y. 


EGGS  FOR  HATCHING  from  heavy  laying  ntility 
™ _ -  strains.  S.  C.W.  Leghorns  and  R.  C.  R.  I. 

Reds,  $1  per  15,  $5  per  100.  ARTHUR  RICE,  Houier,  N.  Y. 

nrilll  JHY-3S  Best  Breeds— Bred  for 

fUUL  I  VI I  Laying — Choice  eggs  for  hatch¬ 
ing.  Large  circular  illustrated  in  eoiors  free.  Also 
a  few  fine  O.  I.  C.  Figs  for  sale.  Address 
JOHN  E.  HEATWOLE,  Harrisonburg,  Virginia. 

The  Big  White  Egg  Makers 

Rose  Comb  Black  Minorcas,  Indian  Runner  Ducks. 

The  Big  White  Birds 

Crystal  White  Orpingtons— Utilities,  Beauties. 
Year  round  layers.  Eggs  for  hatching.  Circular 
free.  F.  N.  ADAMS,  Route  1,  Orwell,  Ohio. 

I.  RTJKnNTEPl  DUCKS 

Public  record,  200  t  eggs.  'My  book,  all  about  it,  50c. 

C.  8.  Valentine,  Box  3,  Ridgewood,  N.  J. 

BUFF  ORPINGTON  DOCKS  sShTlSrsns 

B.  O.  Ducks,  the  world  greatest  layers;  have  twice 
won  Australian  laying  contests.  My  ducks  have 
three  years  unbeaten  show  record.  List  furnished 

DUNROBXN  FARM,  Chatham,  New  Jersey 


Both  Tree  and  Fruit  Need  Potash 

Apple  trees  take  more  Potash  from  the  soil 
than  they  do  Nitrogen  and  Phosphorus, 

Especially  does  the  development  of  the 
fruit  depend  on  the  available 


Increased  yields  of  larger,  firmer  apples, 
well  flavored  and  rich  in  color  follow  appli¬ 
cations  of  Soluble  Potash  Salts. 

Orchardists  everywhere  are  proving  that 
Potash  pays. 

See  that  your  fruit  tree  fertilizer  contains 
at  least  10%  Actual  Potash,  that  is,  400  lbs. 
Sulfate  of  Potash  in  each  ton  of  fertilizer. 
Gel  our  latest  free  booklet  on  “ Home 
Mixing',"  Sent  free  upon  request. 

We  will  sell  you  Potash  in  any  amount 
from  200  pounds  up. 

GERMAN  KALI  WORKS,  Inc. 

Continental  Building,  Baltimore 
Monadnock  Block,  Chicago 

Whitney  Central  Bank  B adding.  New  Orleans 


636 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


April  22,  1911. 


HUMOROUS 


“Isn't  10  cents  a  quart  for  milk  rather 
high?”  “Waal,  ma’am,  we  can't  feed 
our  cows  on  cold  storage  grass.” — Life. 

“He  knows  all  the  best  people  in 
town.”  “Why  doesn’t  he  associate  with 
them,  then?”  “They  know  him.” — Cleve¬ 
land  Leader. 


The  New,  Easy  Way  of 

WATERING  STOCK! 

Engine  Pumps  400  to  1,500  Gallons  Per  Hour 


Casey  :  “Phwat  kind  av  a  horse  is  a 
cob?”  Mulligan:  “It’s  wan  thot’s  been 
raised  intoirly  on  corn,  ye  ignoramus.” 
— Boston  Transcript. 

Mother  (at  lunch)  :  “Yes,  darling, 
these  little  sardines  are  sometimes  eaten 
by  the  larger  fish.”  Mabel  (aged  five)  : 
“But,  mamma,  how  do  they  get  the  cans 
open?” — London  Ideas. 

Mother  (with  newspaper)  :  “Willie, 
here’s  a  job  for  you:  ‘Boy  wanted  about 
14  years.’  ”  Willie :  “Gee,  ma  !  I  won't 
be  a  boy  more’n  half  of  14  years.  I'm 
13  now.” — Boston  Transcript. 

“What’s  the  matter  with  your  wife? 
She  seems  to  be  very  irascible  lately.” 
“Why,  she  was  assisting  at  a  rummage 
sale,  and  somebody  sold  her  new  hat  for 
35  cents.” — Washington  Herald. 

“Please  contribute  to.  our  fund  to 
6end  a  missionary  to  the  cannibals.”  “I 
won’t — I’m  a  vegetarian  and  don’t  be¬ 
lieve  in  it.  But  I’ll  send  them  some 
cereals,  if  you  wish.” — Toledo  Blade. 

One  of  the  Suffragettes:  “I’ve  lost 
me  best  hatpin,  Lizzie.”  Another: 
“Where  did  you  leave  it  last?”  The 
First :  “Oh,  I  remember  now !  I  left  it 
sticking  in  that  policeman.” — London 
Opinion. 

Teacher  (to  new  pupil)  :  “Why  did 
Hannibal  cross  the  Alps,  my  little  man?” 
My  Little  Man:  “For  the  same  reason 
as  the  ’en  crossed  th’  road.  Yer  don’t 
catch  me  with  no  puzzles.” — Sydney 
Bulletin. 

Ashley:  “I  know  a  man  in  Kansas 
who  can  walk  on  his  ceiling  just  as 
well  as  a  fly.”  Seymour:  “What  gives 
him  the  power?”  Ashley:  “A  cyclone 
that  blew  his  house  upside  down.” — 
Chicago  News. 

Benny  was  having  his  first  night  trip 
on  a  steamboat.  Catching  sight  of  the 
searchlight  moving  back  and  forth,  he 
exclaimed,  excitedly,  “Daddy,  daddy ! 
Look!  There  must  be  a  happy  comet 
near  here.  See  how  he  wags  his  tail !” — 
Chicago  Tribune. 

Willie  (who  was  traveling  alone  for 
the  first  time)  to  conductor:  “What  is 
the  meaning  of  ‘W’  and  ‘R’  on  the  sign 
posts  along  the  road?”  Conductor: 
“Ring  and  whistle.”  Willie  (after  a 
pause)  :  “I  can  see  how  ‘W’  stands 
for  wring  but  I  can’t  see  how  ‘R’  stands 
for  whistle.” — Buffalo  Commercial. 


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This  little  engine  takes  the  cake — it's  the  world's  champion 
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Do  you  remember  tho  hours  of  hard,  hot  work  last 
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4  Rowley  St.,  Madison,  Wis. 

Established  1840 


/ 


rCow  comfort  and  cow  sanitation  result  in  more” 
cow  profits,  and  that  alone  should  induce  any 
farmer  or  dairyman  to  seek  these  conditions. 
Louden  Sanitary  Steel  Stallsaml  Slanch- 
ionsdoublethe  lightandair  in  a  barn  and  insure 
perfect  ventilation,  perfect  sanitation— a  result 
impossible  with  any  wooden  equipment.  Yet 

LOUDEN  STALLS  AND  STANCHIONS 

are  actually  cheaper.  Louden  stalls  of  heavy 
tubular  steel,  with  malleable  fittings,  have  no 
flat  surfaces  for  dust  to  accumulate— easy  to  keep 
clean  and  almost  indestructible, 

Louden  stanchions  give  cows  more  comfort 
than  other  makes,  yet  keep  them  perfectly  lined 
up.  Throat  chains  prevent  cows  from  lying 
down  when  milking.  Simple  and  very  durable. 
Latch  easily  opened  or  closed  with  gloved  hand, 
but  can’v  be  opened  by  animal.  Send  today 
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LOUDEN  MACHINERY  CO.,  601  Broadway,  Fairfield,  la. 


Ricker  Ha y  Carrier— 


Saves  Labor  and  Lasts  a  Lifetime 

One  season’s  labor  saved,  pays  its  cost.  Adapted  for  barn  or  stack,  with  fork  or 
sling.  Easy  draft,  no  binding  on  track,  and  holds  the  load  at  any  point.  The 
result  of  40  years’  experience— therefore  it  can’t  be  excelled.  Many  different 
styles  for  every  requirement. 

SEIMT  ON  EX  AM  IN  A  TION  AND  APPROVAL 

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AMERICAN 


Steel  Fence  Post 


Cheaper  Than  Wood 

and  More  Durable 

Many  years  of  experimenting 
with  metal  fence  posts  have 
developed  this  post.  It  is 
now  thoroughly  practical,  fill¬ 
ing  every  requirement  on  the 
farm,  in  the  town,  for  rail¬ 
roads  and  wherever  fence  posts 
are  used. 

Made  of  tough  steel,  heavily 
zinc  coated.  Durability 
proven  by  us — ten  years’  ac¬ 
tual  use  showing  good  as  new. 
Means  a  big  reduction  in 
fence  cost  and  maintenance. 

40-page  catalog  sent  free,  fully 
illustrating  and  describing.  Send 
for  it. 


ps i  Sold  by  dealers  everywhere.  Ask 
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San  Francisco : 
16th  and  Folsom  Sts. 


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Elkhart  Vehicles  and  Harness 

have  a  world  wide  reputation  for  high  quality  and  our  prices  have  made  them  famous. 

THIRTY  FTF'HT  YF  A  R  experience  selling  to  the  consumer  means  success 
IllllU  I*LIU111  1  LnliJ  We  s^jp  for  examination,  guaranteeing  safe  de¬ 
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Catalog  shows  all  styles  of  pleasure  vehicles 
and  harness,  pony  vehicles  and  harness 
spring  wagons,  delivery  wagons,  farm 
wagons,  and  harness. 

May  we  send  you  large  catalog? 

Elkhart  Carriage  and 
Harness  Mfg.  Co., 

Elkhart,  Indiana 


t 


IMMIGRATING  TO  NEW  YORK  STATE. 
What  a  Western  Man  Found. 

Part  I. 

I  have  a  friend  in  the  wild  and  woolly  West.  She 
is  now  a  rather  buxom  matron,  usually  equal  to  any 
emergency.  One  day  she  drove  to  town,  and  on 
coming  to  get  her  horse  was  annoyed  to  find  a  group 
of  loungers  near  her  buggy.  Saying  within  herself, 
‘Til  show  these  loafers  that  country  women  are  grace¬ 
ful,”  she  sprang  into  the  buggy.  Her  toe  caught  and 
she  sprawled  in  a  heap.  Now  mad  clear  through,  she 
grabbed  the  whip  and  lines  and  lashed 
the  horse.  After  some  confusion  she 
then  had  to  get  out  and  untie  the  horse 
from  a  telegraph  pole,  which  the  horse 
was  trying  to  take  along.  It  is  with 
fear  lest  my  experience  may  be  like  hers 
that  I  come  before  this  great  body  of 
practical  progressive  farmers.  My  story 
is  one  involving  only  a  few  dollars,  while 
these  columns  frequently  tell  of  farm 
crops  of  thousands  of  dollars.  Yet  it  is 
my  all.  And  I  hope  that  where  you  see 
a  blunder  you  will  suggest  a  remedy : 

I  was  born  in  Kansas  in  1S72,  the  son 
of  a  home  missionary.  At  an  early  age 
I  removed  with  my  parents  to  south¬ 
eastern  Connecticut.  There,  in  spite  of 
me,  my  father  held  two  long  pastorates, 
and  finally  wound  up  in  the  State  Legis¬ 
lature.  I  was  educated  for  the  ministry, 
attending  Lafayette  College,  Easton,  Pa., 
and  Union  Theological  Seminary,  New 
York  City.  I  was  commissioned  by  the 
Congregational  Home  Missionary  So¬ 
ciety  to  a  charge  in  eastern  Washington. 

On  June  1,  1899,  I  married  the  daughter 
of  a  Connecticut  farmer,  and  we  hurried 
off  to  our  far  western  home. 

Conditions  on  the  home-missionary 
field  not  being  satisfactory,  and  not  be¬ 
ing  able  to  live  and  bring  up  a  family 
on  a  salary  of  promises  and  $300  in  cash 
and  deferred  payments,  and  not  being 
able  to  swallow  my  pride  and  beg  for 
a  “barrel,”  I  left  that  work  and  en¬ 
tered  the  employ  of  a  ship-building 
company  just  then  organized.  I  began 
as  time-keeper  and  laborer,  clearing 
land ;  became  foreman,  then  had  charge 
of  “cook  house,”  and  warehouse,  and  by 
a  study  of  naval  architecture,  etc.,  rose 
through  several  departments  to  be  as¬ 
sistant  manager ;  was  elected  secretary 
and  treasurer  of  the  company.  When 
we  were  busiest  we  had  a  payroll  of 
about  $10,000  per  month  and  the  time¬ 
keeping  and  paymaster  job  seemed  to 
stick  closer  than  a  brother.  I  had  di¬ 
rect  oversight  over  the  bookkeeping,  including  the  mer¬ 
chandise  and  the  drafting  room,  and  in  addition  I  was 
the  head  draftsman.  During  the  day  times  I  was 
a  ship  builder  but  at  night  I  was  a  farmer  on  a 
‘logged-off”  piece  of  Puget  Sound  timberland.  This 
land  we  had  bought  cheap,  some  of  it  for  taxes,  had 
built  a  shack  and  were  clearing  it  and  farming  it. 
We  talked  farm,  read  farm,  hoped  farm.  We  at¬ 
tended  live  stock  and  poultry  shows  and  longed  for 
the  chance  to  be  genuine  farmers.  If  anyone  wants 
any  facts  or  pointers  on  logged-off  land  in  western 
Washington,  for  a  farm,  I  am  qualified  to  give  ex¬ 
pert  advice.  I’m  not  a  “knocker”  either. 


Would  it  be  really  wise  to  give  up  the  salary  and 
become  farmers? 

Editors  of  farm  papers  say  to  the  clerk,  “Don’t  try 
farming.”  Other  than  agricultural  papers  tell  stories 
of  remarkable  successes  by  newly  fledged  or  artificially 
incubated  farmers.  Brother  Fullerton’s  “Lure  of  the 
Land”  added  to  our  unrest.  Our  family  of  five  boys 
and  a  girl  seemed  to  demand  a  farm  for  elbow  room. 
We  would  rather  they  all  be  farmers  than  steamboat 
men  or  shipbuilders.  I  had  been  an  all-round  athlete 
in  college  days,  and  had  a  stomach  like  an  ostrich  or 
a  goat.  I  hoped  that  life  on  a  farm  would  help  me 


to  “come  back.”  Just  at  a  convenient  time  a  western 
boom  struck  our  village.  I  was  president  of  our  local 
Boomers’  Association,  Sunday  school  superintendent, 
and  a  more  or  less  conspicuous  figure  in  church,  lodge 
and  local  politics.  I  did  what  I  could  to  help  the 
village  and  boost  the  boom.  Incidentally,  I  sold  out. 

Now  we  can  really  have  a  farm.  Where  shall  it  be? 
What  an  array  of  attractions!  Where  shall  we  go? 
The  alluring  fruit  lands  of  Washington,  Yakima, 
Wenatchee,  Okanogan,  Spokane,  with  golden  promises 
of  fruit  and  fortune ;  the  wide-open  welcoming  arms 
of  northwestern  Canada,  attracting  so  many  thousands 
of  American  farmers,  with  its  great  wheatfields  of 


Alberta  and  the  Saskatchewan ;  the  paradise  of 
Florida,  the  land  of  flowers  and  fruit  and  sunshine — 
a  thousand  farms  offered  by  great  farm  agencies, 
every  one  a  bargain,  from  Maine  through  New  Eng¬ 
land,  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  even  down  to  sunny 
Tennessee;  railroad  agents,  State  agricultural  depart¬ 
ments,  all  offer  farm  advantages  unsurpassed.  The 
Secretary  of  Agriculture  of  the  United  States,  dis¬ 
interested  and  impartial,  threw  the  weight  of  his  testi¬ 
mony  in  favor  of  New  York  State. 

We  decided  that  New  York  State  offers  the  most 
for  the  money,  the  best  opportunities  and  advantages. 

From  a  list  of  900  farms,,  published  by 
the  State,  we  selected  one  and  arranged 
by  mail  to  rent  il  for.  a  year  with  the 
privilege  of  purchase.  This  is  the  de¬ 
scription  : 

Farm  of  212  acres  three  miles  from  - 

and  one  mile  from  south  -  post  office, 

R.  F.  D.,  very  productive  soil,  75  to  100 
acres  of  second  growth  timber.  House 
eight  rooms  iu  good  condition.  Two  barns, 
one30xG0,  one  45xG0.  Watered  by  well  and 
spring.  Fences  fair.  Reason  for  selling, 
to  close  an  estate.  This  farm  is  a  first- 
class  dairy  and  general-purpose  farm  and 
is  said  to  be  worth  considerably  more  than 
is  asked.  Price,  $2,400,  less  10  per  cent 
for  cash.  Otherwise  the  terms  for  balance 
will  be  easy. 

Our  correspondence  developed  the  fol¬ 
lowing  differences;  five  acres  adjoining 
were  to  be  added  and  the  price  $1,600, 
rent  for  one  year  $100. 

When  in  spite  of  my  friend,  the  man¬ 
ager,  and  all  other  friends,  we  were 
ready,  then  came  farewell  meetings  in 
lodge  and  in  church.  As  I  found  myself 
face  to  face  with  that  company  of 
friends,  pushed  forward  to  say  goodby, 
all  the  myriad  ties  which  bound  us,  all 
the  joys  and  sorrows  through  which  we 
had  gone,  together  came  before  me,  and 
I  could  not  say  “Goodby,”  and  almost 
regretted  the  severing  of  those  bonds. 
Many  urged  us  to  stay  “West.”  “You’ll 
be  sorry.”  “You’ll  be  back.”  “You  are 
foolish.”  Even  the  big  policeman  in  the 
Seattle  depot  added  a  few  adjectives  to 
the  name,  fool.  On  the  train  we  were 
treated  to  the  same  sort  of  comfort. 

We  left  Seattle  for  Tioga  Co.,  N.  Y., 
May  19,  1910,  via  the  Canadian  Pacific 
to  Sudbury,  Llamilton,  Toronto  and 
Buffalo.  That  trip  is  a  never-to-be 
forgotten  experience.  Nothing  can  sur¬ 
pass  the  glory  and  grandeur  of  the 
scenery  in  the  Canadian  Rockies.  Up ! 
Up!  Up  we  climb!  Two  engines  puffing* 
and  panting  as  we  wind  among  peaks 
towering  10,000  feet  above  us.  Spread 
before  us  is  a  panorama  of  beauty.  Be¬ 
low  us  and  about  us  are  the  trees  of  a 
temperate  zone,  while  just  above  us  are  the  trees 
and  plants  of  an  Arctic  circle.  These  persist, 
climbing  up  gorges  and  ravines,  yet  have  to  yield  to 
the  ice  king.  His  throne  is  there.  There  per¬ 
petual  snow,  and  great  rivers  of  ice  yield  him 
obedience.  To  show  his  power  over  the  forest,  each 
Winter  he  sends  a  little  snow  ball  rolling  on  and  on 
down  towards  the  forest.  The  earth  trembles.  We 
saw  the  tiny  splinters  as  small  as  the  pine  needles 
they  were  mixed  with,  which  a  few  months  before 
had  been  giant  forest  trees.  Now  a  bare  streak- 
stretches  up  the  mountain.  Up  we  ever  climb,  fol¬ 
lowing  roaring  cataracts  through  tunnels  and  snow 


AN  UNOCCUPIED  FARMHOUSE— FROM  THE  DEPARTMENT 

BULLETIN.  Fig.  182. 


V/ HERE  MR.  CARY  FINALLY  LOCATED.  Fig.  183. 


638 


q'HE}  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


April  29,  ' 


sheds,  under  glaciers  and  waterfalls,  beside  crystal 
mountain  lakes.  Then  down,  down,  racing  with  a 
mountain  torrent.  Down  at  breakneck  speed,  racing 
into  the  night.  Morning  finds  us  spinning  past  wheat- 
fields  abandoned  to  mud  and  snow,  treeless,  houses 
widely  scattered,  country  in  the  arms  of  late  Winter 
and  mud.  We  left  our  own  little  garden  with  early 
vegetables  in  their  prime,  and  we  were  a  little  thank¬ 
ful  that  northwest  Canada  was  not  our  destination. 
On  we  sped,  glued  to  the  windows  or  trying  to  amuse 
the  youngsters,  receiving  kind  and  courteous  help 
from  passengers  and  porters.  At  last  granite  rocks, 
sparkling  lakes,  lazy  little  rivers,  mills,  towns,  boats, 
woods,  orchards  and  vineyards  tell  of  rural  prosperity 
and  plenty.  We  think  that  eastern  Canada  has  much 
to  offer  to  prospective  settlers  which  she  is  silent 
about. 

We  reached  the  town  at  midnight  and  stop  at  a 
hotel.  In  the  morning  in  the  rain  we  drive  to  “our 
farm.”  That  farm  begins  back  from  the  main  road. 

Jt  lies  on  a  side  bill  and  over  the  hill.  The  house 
is  one-half  a  mile  up  the  hill,  and  the  elevation  at 
the  house  is  1400  feet,  at  the  foot  of  the  hill  it  is 
947  feet.  The  horses  could  barely  pull  the  carriage 
up  the  hill.  There  was  not  one  field  in  grass;  a  few 
in  buckwheat  stubble  and  the  whole  thing  a  stone  pile. 
The  boys  said,  “Don’t  buy  this,  papa;  it’s  too  stony.” 
There  was  not  a  spot  where  a  horse’s  foot  would  go 
between  the  stones.  And  the  buildings !  The  house- 
roof  leaked  and  water  stood  on  the  floor  ;  a  sort  of 
ell  had  tumbled  in,  and  there  huddled  around  an  old 
cook-stove  we  found  a  woman  and  her  children  in  a 
pitiable  condition  of  indescribable  filth  and  desola¬ 
tion.  The  man  was  off  fishin’;  had  received  a  letter 
to  vacate  but  refused  to.  I  said,  “Please  don’t.  Stay 
right  here.”  We  refuse  to  accept  the  farm  and  go 
back  to  the  hotel.  Subsequently  I  met  a  lawyer  who 
had  written  the  description  of  that  farm  and  sent  it 
to  the  State  for  free  advertising.  He  thought  it  a 
huge  joke.  But  it’s  a  joke  the  State  should  not  be 
a  party  to. 

I  said  we  went  to  the  hotel.  I  should  have  said 
saloon  with  bedrooms.  The  barkeeper,  who  was  pro¬ 
prietor,  amused  himself  by  teaching  our  four-year-old 
baby  to  swear,  giving  him  a  penny  to  repeat  after 
him  the  foulest  oaths  while  the  rest  of  the  children 
stood  about.  If  I  had  heard  it,  one  saloon  in  that 
town  would  have  been  closed — for  a  funeral. 

We  found  a  vacant  house  on  the  outskirts,  an  old 
abandoned  house.  We  had  our  trunks,  blankets,  four 
chairs,  a  box  or  two,  a  kerosene  stove,  and  thus  we 
camped  in  the  rain.  Joseph  p.  carv. 

COST  OF  AN  APPLE  ORCHARD. 

In  the  article  on  page  458  by  a  man  who  has  had  65 
years  of  experience  in  apple  growing  he  gives  figures 
for  a  10-acre  orchard  for  first  10  years.  He  fails  to 
add  in  his  items  of  yearly  expense  the  item  of  spray¬ 
ing,  or  give  any  offset  from  year  to  year  of  increased 
value  of  his  trees,  as  against  the  total  cost  of  the  or¬ 
chard.  On  the  face  of  the  matter,  this  man  has  had 
65  years  of  experience  in  owning  an  orchard  or  or¬ 
chards,  and  has  yet  to  learn  what  all  interested  in 
orchard  work  are  trying  to  get  at  each  year;  a  better 
system,  .easier  manner  of  cultivation,  and  funda¬ 
mentally  pushing  the  young  trees  in  their  early  growth. 
That  this  man  shows  no  return  from  his  10-acre  or¬ 
chard  during  the  10-year  period  is  conclusive  evidence 
he  could  not  attain  success  in  that  line  or  any  other, 
without  a  change  of  system,  or  applied  system.  No 
doubt  his  orchard  would  not  sell  at  the  end  of  the 
10-year  period  for  over  the  $1540,  for  likely  the  trees 
would  be  dwarf,  and  would  require  two  or  three 
years  to  get  them  into  working  shape.  In  the  matter 
of  an  orchard  it  is  an  individual  matter,  and  indi¬ 
viduals  differ  in  opinion  as  to  what  constitutes  a 
good  orchard  proposition ;  two  neighbors  having  equal 
conditions,  might  exchange  orchards,  and  both  fail  to 
produce  as  good  results  as  the  original  grower,  be¬ 
cause  of  lack  of  knowledge  as  to  individual  trees.  It 
is  like  handling  a  group  of  skilled  workmen ;  requires 
care,  judgment  and  eternal  personal  application  to  the 
business.  I  doubt  if  you  can  get  a  man  who  has 
made  a  success  of  apple  growing  to  tell  you  on  paper 
how  he  attained  that  pinnacle.  J.  D.  Rockefeller  tells 
us  how  he  made  his  pile,  but  somehow  we  all  fail  to 
connect  with  or  grasp  the  magic  power. 

Connecticut.  H.  R.  Howard. 

C.  E.  B.,  page  458,  says  he  will  make  some  figures. 
This  he  probably  has  done  (made  them).  I  do  not 
think  he  took  them  from  any  accurate  records.  It 
seems  a  little  strange  to  us  here  in  eastern  Penn¬ 
sylvania  that  he  should  value  land  at  $/5  per  acre 
that  requires  $5  worth  of  fertilizer  per  acre  to  grow 
trees  the  first  year  under  cultivation.  Land  can  be 
bought  here  at  $50  per  acre  with  plenty  of  fertility 
,  to  grow  trees  to  the  bearing  age.  His  trees  are  10 


years  old  and  still  he  has  no  credit  side  to  the  ac¬ 
count.  At  the  Exeter  Fruit  Farms  we  would  cut 
them  down  and  quit  the  business  if  they  would  not 
pay  for  themselves  and  the  land  at  that  age.  The 
following  is*  an  accurate  account  with  660  trees  three 
years  of  age  occupying  six  acres  of  land: 

First  year,  1908. 

6  acres  of  land...- .  $600.00 

660  trees  .  119.45 

Flowing,  harrowing,  setting,  trimming,  interest 

taxes  and  all  other  expenses  the  first  year....  147.93 

$867.38 

$90.72 
121.07 


Second  year,  1909. 

Cutting  mulch,  trimming,  spraying,  taking  out 
worms,  interest,  taxes  and  all  other  expenses.. 
Third  year,  1910. 

Same  as  above  . 


Total  three  years  . $1,079.17 

CR. 


$200.00 

Total  net  cost  $879.17,  or  $1.33  per  tree  including 
land,  as  against  C.  E.  B.’s  $1524.78,  or  $3.05  per  tree. 
We  value  the  land  at  $100  per  acre,  as  it  is  good 
enough  to  grow  trees  to  the  bearing  age,  plenty  of 
mulch  and  a  surplus  for  hay.  We  charge  every  last 
cent  of  expense  to  the  trees,  even  the  interest  quar¬ 
terly,  as  that  is  the  way  we  would  have  to  pay  if  we 
borrowed  at  a  bank.  Fruit  growing  is  our  business, 
and  we  have  put  every  expense  into  these  trees  to 
make  them  do  their  very  best.  w.  j.  lewis. 

Luzerne  Co.,  Pa. 


be  foolish.  If  he  did  so  dispose  of  the  berries,  can 
you,  or  any  of  your  readers,  tell  me  why  the  “acre” 
he  mentions  should  not  be  credited  with  the  advanced 
price?  As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  only  reason  he 
would  fail  so  to  credit  it  would  be  because  he  re¬ 
ceived  only  about  9  or  10  cents  per  box  for  the 
berries  and  the  man  who  made  the  shortcake 
increased  the  cost  to  the  consumer  about  750  per 
cent. 

Regarding  his  argument  concerning  milk  from  the 
“scrub  cow,”  I  can  only  point  to  Mr.  Schimmel.  Is 
he  not  doing  exactly  that,  and  does  he  not  give  the 
cow  credit?  As  I  remember  his  letter,  he  claimed  he 
received  one  dollar  per  day  per  cow.  Where  in  the 
world  would  the  credit  go,  if  not  there?  For  my 
part,  I  am  open  for  argument,  and  am  perfectly 
willing  to  be  convinced  if  I  am  wrong  in  my  views* 
although  I  am  like  the  man  from  Missouri — I  must 
be  “shown.”  To  follow  out  his  principle,  I  will  cite 
a  calf.  If  he  fattened  a  calf  for  veal  and  was  offered 
11  cents  per  pound  alive,  or  14  cents  dressed,  and  he 
dressed  it,  would  he  give  the  cited  three  cents  a 
pound  to  the  cow?  In  both  cases  he  would  have 
goods  in  raw  state  against  the  finished  product,  but 
the  credit  (advanced)  must  go  to  whatever  pro¬ 
duced  it.  If  his  citation  is  correct,  those  farmers 
who  get  big  prices  for  seed  corn  cannot  figure  that 
an  acre  made  so  much  additional,  just  because  they 
shelled  the  corn  instead  of  selling  it  on  the  cob. 

New  Jersey.  w.  j.  dougan. 


FROM  HEN  TO  HEN. 

I  have  followed  the  statements  and  discussions  on 
those  $9  and  $12  hens  with  interest,  and  as  so  far 
none  has  figured  as  I  would,  I  am  responding  to  your 
invitation  to  “sail  in.”  On  page  480  Mr.  Wm.  Gibson 
analyzes  the  statement  of  Gori  &  Son,  as  given  on 
page  381,  and  instead  of  finding  they  have  $12  hens, 
shows  the  net  profit  of  the  11.5  hens  to  be  but  $18.24, 
or  $1.59  per  hen.  While  with  Mr.  Gibson  I  cannot 
see  that  they  have  $12  hens,  yet  neither  do  I  think 
his  figures  just.  The  egg  is  not  the  final  product  of 
the  hen  as  Mr.  Gibson  states,  but  the  chick,  and  in 
reckoning  the  hen’s  year’s  work  the  chicks  she  is 
mother  of  must  be  credited  to  her.  From  hen  to  egg 
is  not  the  complete  cycle  of  life,  but  from  hen  to  hen. 
The  egg  originally  was  intended  only  as  a  means  for 
the  perpetuation  of  the  species,  and  the  mother,  egg 
and  young  bore  the  same  relationship  one  to  the  other 
as  the  mother,  egg  and  young  of  the  undomesticated 
birds  of  to-day.  That  forces,  foreign  to  nature,  have 
been  brought  to  bear  does  not  in  any  way  alter  the 
original  relationship,  though  the  quantity  or  quality  of 
hen,  egg  or  chick  may  thus  have  been  very  materially 
changed.  Surely  the  calf  is  credited  to  the  cow  as 
part  of  her  year’s  earnings;  then  why  does  he  deny 
the  hen  her  offspring? 

Again,  neither  is  it  fair  for  Gori  &  Son  to  credit  to 
the  mother  hen  the  product  of  the  pullet,  whether  it 
be  but  prepared  for  incubation— the  egg — or  incubated 
— the  chick.  In  crediting  the  mother  hen  with  her 
pullet’s  eggs  they  err,  for  then  they  are  entering  the 
next  cycle  of  life,  with  which  she  has  nothing  to  do 
whatsoever.  All  cost  of  raising  the  pullets  to  the  lay¬ 
ing  age  must  be  charged  to  the  mother  hen.  So  if  I 
were  to  figure  the  net  earnings  of  Gori  &  Son’s  11.5 
hens  it  would  be  as  follows: 

DR. 

Feed,  etc.,  for  115  hens,  1  cockerel .  $17.75 

Feed,  etc.,  for  210  chicks  to  maturity .  115.;i0 

Eggs  incubated  .  5-90 

Interest  on  parent  stock .  -90 

Interest  in  plant .  -60 

Total  Dr . $139.75 


Eggs  from  breeders .  $35.<4 

Males,  poultry  sold  .  54.94 

Poultry  used  (home) . i .  54.94 

Pullets  (layers  and  those  chosen  for  breeders)  and 

cockerels — about  .  130.00 

Manure  (old  stock — young  stock  to  maturing) .  1.20 


Total  Cr.  . 
Less  total  Dr. 


$226.88 

139.75 


Net  Cr .  $87.13 

or  $7.57  net  per  hen. 

In  the  above  statement  I  have  figured  with  the  un¬ 
derstanding  the  young  stock  chosen  for  breeders  were 
products  of  the  eggs  laid  by  the  original  11.5  hens,  and 
as  from  Gori  &  Son’s  statement  there  is  no  means  of 
knowing  their  number,  I  cannot  be  exact,  but  would 
value  them  at  about  $1  per  head  as  with  laying  stock. 

Ohio.  h.  o.  MERTZ. 


Figuring  on  the  Hens. 

On  page  508  C.  E.  W.  criticises  Gori  &  Son’s 
statement,  and  not  being  just  satisfied  with  the  logic 
of  his  argument,  I  submit  my  idea.  Of  course,  I 
believe  Gori  &  Son  figured  in  the  proper  manner. 
You,  or  any  person  of  sense,  knows  very  well  that 
shortcake  at  25  cents  per  portion  will  place  the  price 
of  the  berries  at  75  cents  per  quart;  therefore,  if  C. 
E.  W.  is  so  situated  that  he  could  dispose  of  his 
berries  in  that  manner,  and  failed  to  do  so,  he  would 


EXPRESS  COMPANIES  AND  EGGS. 


On  January  31  I  began  shipping  eggs  to  a  grocer  in 
New  York  City.  Below  is  a  statement  of  shipments 


with  express  charge  in  each  case,  as  the  grocer  pays 
the  expressage  on  receipt  of  the  shipment.  The  dates 


given  are  from  the  returns  he  sends  me : 

Feb.  1st,  1  case  eggs . 

Feb.  10th,  1  case  eggs . 

Feb.  20th,  1  case  eggs . 

Feb.  25th,  1  case  eggs . 

Mar.  3d,  1  case  eggs . 

Mar.  10th,  1  case  eggs . 

Mar.  16th,  1  case  eggs . 

Mar.  20th,  1  case  eggs . 

Mar.  21st,  1  case  eggs . 

Mar.  25th,  2  cases . 

Mar.  31st,  1  case . 


Expressage 
. $0.35 


.35 

.35 

.46 

.46 

.46 

.46 

.55 

.60 

.82 


.41 


When  the  rate  jumped  from  35  to  46  cents  I  asked 
our  local  United  States  Express  agent  for  an  ex¬ 
planation.  I  might  as  well  have  asked  an  Egyptian 
mummy.  I  then  wrote  the  grocer  asking  him  to  in¬ 
vestigate.  Following  is  his  reply:  “I  spoke  to  the 
American  Express  agent  about  the  charge.  He  says 
that  their  charges  are  15  cents  a  case  and  the  United 
States  charges  one  time  25  and  another  time  31  cents.” 
It  will  be  seen  that  this  explanation  limps.  This  was 
the  first  I  knew  the  eggs  were  handled  by  two  ex¬ 
press  companies.  I  had  just  read  the  Boston  man’s 
experience  with  his  trunk,  so  I  understood  that  my 
grocer  happened  to  be  located  in  the  district  allotted 
the  American  Express.  When  the  rate  soared  to  55. 
and  60  cents  the  grocer  sent  me  his  receipt :  “To 
American  Express,  Dr.  For  transportation  one  box 
eggs  our  charges,  40  cents ;  advanced  charges,  20  cents ; 
total,  60  cents.  (U.  S.  Express.)”  It  is  probably 
useless  for  me  to  try  to  get  from  the  express  com¬ 
panies  the  trifling  sum  that  belongs  to  me,  but  with 
the  help  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  I  can  show  them  up. 

Cayuga  Co.,  N.  Y.  J.  f.  c. 


A  NEW  PARTY  IN  POLITICS. 

I  was  much  pleased  to  read  In  The  R.  N.-Y.  a  sug¬ 
gestion  of  a  new  party  organized  in  the  interests  of  the 
farmers.  It  seems  to  me  that  recent  developments  em¬ 
phasizes  the  necessity.  In  fact,  I  believe  it  imperative 
if  the  farmer  of  this  country  expects  to  compete  with 
Canada  and  Argentina  where  the  farming  interests  are 
taken  care  of  and  encouraged  in  every  way  possible, 
while  we  have  to  fight  every  inch  of  our  way.  Especially 
is  this  so  in  West  Virginia,  where  there  are  so  many 
other  interests  that  are  organized  and  beset  our  Legisla¬ 
ture  with  their  hired  lobbies,  so  much  so  that  it  is  often 
hard  to  find  a  man  in  the  Legislature  with  nerve  enough 
to  introduce  a  bill  in  the  interest  of  the  farmer  after  it 
has  been  carefully  prepared.  I  believe  the  time  is  now 
ripe  for  such  an  organization.  Do  what  you  can  to  bring 
the  matter  before  the  people.  Why  should  not  we 
organize  in  our  interest?  It  seems  to  me  that  it  is  the 
only  way  to  get  that  which  is  coming  to  us.  We  certainly 
have  no'  reason  to  expect  anything  as  a  class  from  either 
of  the  parties  now  clamoring  for  control.  I  stand  ready 
to  do  all  I  can,  and  I  believe  that  there  are  hundreds 
of  farmers  in  West  Virginia  just  as  ready  as  I  am. 

West  Virginia.  _  R.  e.  thkashek. 

No  doubt  of  it.  Our  correspondence  shows  that 
such  farmers  are  everywhere.  The  suggestion  we 
made  was  that  there  should  be  in  this  country  a  party 
or  group,  like  the  German  Agrarians — pledged  to  put 
the  political  needs  of  agriculture  above  any  other 
public  demand.  These  men  may  vote  with  one  great 
party  or  the  other  on  many  questions,  but  when  it 
comes  to  questions  wherein  all  farmers  are  interested 
they  get  together  and  stay  there.  The  result  is  that 
German  farmers  carry  some  weight,  and  their  demands 
are  respected.  What  we  need  in  America  are  solid 
groups  of  men  in  State  and  National  legislatures 
who  are  able  to  forget  that  they  are  Democrats  or 
Republicans  when  it  comes  to  questions  in  which 
farmers  are  vitally  interested.  There  are  many  elec¬ 
tion  districts  which  are  controlled  by  farmers  in 
which  farming  is  the  chief  business.  As  a  matter  ot 
self  preservation  these  farmers  must  work  out  some 
such  plan  as  we  have  suggested. 


1911. 

VINEYARD  OR  APPLE  ORCHARD. 

On  page  515  a  “greenhorn”  asks  which  will  pay  him 
better  as  an  investment — a  vineyard  or  a  good  apple 
orchard?  The  following  opinions  are  given  by  expert 
growers : 

It  is  indeed  a  hard  proposition  to  decide  between 
the  vineyard  and  the  apple  orchards,  not  alone  for  a 
greenhorn,  but  for  a  practical  man.  It  all  depends 
on  the  location,  the  like  and  dislike  of  the  man  and 
the  dispositon  to  take  chances,  or  in  other  words, 
the  means  at  command  to  take  the  risk.  Here  in 
Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y.,  growers  take  out  apple  or¬ 
chards  and  plant  grapes.  I  myself  would  not  accept 
an  offer  from  the  owner  of  a  10-acre  orchard  in  this 
county,  if  he  offered  me  the  same,  to  work,  cultivate 
and  spray  the  same  in  an  up-to-date  workmanlike 
manner  for  the  whole  crop  that  I  might  gather;  too 
much  of  a  gambling  game.  On  the  other  hand,  an 
up-to-date  vineyard  in  Chautauqua  County,  valued  at 
$500  and  selling  for  that,  has  for  the  last  20  years 
paid  20  per  cent  on  that  sum.  Looking  at  my  books  I 
find  that  last  year  six  acres  netted  $707.88,  a  little 
more  you  see  than  20  per  cent  on  $500 
per  acre.  If,  however,  you  put  this 
proposition  in  Niagara  County,  grapes 
would  not  be  in  it  and  the  apple  orchard 
would  make  the  showing.  Besides  the 
locality  comes  the  question  of  the  work. 

I  like  the  vineyard  work  best ;  it  keeps 
me  on  the  ground,  I  do  not  have  to 
climb  ladders  or  stand  on  a  high  plat¬ 
form  to  spray.  The  picking  and  pack¬ 
ing  is  mostly  done  by  young  women, 
certainly  better  company  than  any  other 
you  can  get,  and  a  grapevine  is  so  re¬ 
sponsive  to  treatment  that  you  can  al¬ 
most  do  anything  with  it  that  you  want 
to  do,  and  when  you  prune  it  you  can 
so  do  the  work  that  you  may  tell,  within 
a  pound,  how  many  grapes  you  will  har¬ 
vest  from  that  vine.  By  this  you  will 
see  that  it  is  impossible  for  me  to  say 
which  offers  the  better  chance  for  that 
man,  but  it  seems  to  me  that  the  man 
himself  is  the  best  qualified  to  decide 
the  question,  which  is  simply  this :  Let 
the  owner  of  each  property  bring  satis¬ 
factory  proof  what  the  property  has  pro¬ 
duced  and  for  what  it  has  been  sold. 

The  cost  of  production  and  package  is 
in  favor  of  the  vine3rard,  but  very  little ; 
the  rest  is  simply  a  matter  of  arithmetic. 

Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y.  c.  schoenfeld. 

That  is  like  asking  which  is  worth 
more,  a  horse  or  a  mule.  So  much  de¬ 
pends  on  the  conditions ;  the  locality, 
soil,  climate,  varieties,  former  treatment 
and  many  other  considerations  would 
enter  in  to  lead  one  to  a  decision.  But 
on  your  statement  that  both  are  in  good 
condition,  every  way,  I  should  choose 
the  orchard.  If  the  inquirer  is  the  green¬ 
horn  he  claims  to  be,  he  would  best  get 
some  one  of  experience  along  both  lines 
of  work,  to  look  over  the  properties  and 
give  him  an  opinion  on  their  respective 
and  comparative  values,  and  not  depend 
on  the  “guess”  of  anyone  not  familiar 
with  the  conditions.  e.  c.  gileett. 

Yates  Co.,  N.  Y. 

My  experience  has  been  that«an  apple 
orchard  would  pay  more  net  per  acre 
than  would  a  vineyard,  although  a  dif¬ 
ferent  location  might  reverse  those  re¬ 
sults.  I  have  no  idea  what  a  fruit 
juice  factory  pays  for  the  grapes,  but  if 
the  inquirer  can  get  anything  over  $20  or  $25  per  ton, 
and  can  get  good  crops  year  after  year,  it  would  be 
a  good  paying  investment.  For  the  last  few  years 
apples  have  been  abnormally  high,  while  grapes,  while 
bringing  good  prices,  have  not  been  as  high  in  pro¬ 
portion;  just  when  the  above  may  be  reversed  none 
of  us  can  tell.  b.  j.  case. 

Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y. 

The  fact  of  the  vineyard  being  near  a  juice  factory 
is  in  its  favor,  but  in  the  absence  of  any  knowledge 
as  to  prices  such  factory  pays,  nothing  can  be  said 
definitely.  Assuming  that  his  grapes  are  Concords,  I 
may  say  that  price  usually  paid  by  such  concerns 
ranges  at  from  $18  to  $30  per  ton  as  a  rule.  Assum¬ 
ing  that  vineyard  is  in  good  condition  as  stated,  your 
inquirer  might  feel  reasonably  sure  of  an  average 
yearly  yield  of  four  tons  per  acre,  which  at  $25  would 
furnish  a  gross  income  of  $100.  He  may  wish  to  buy 
the  vineyard,  but  I  would  urge  him  to  go  slow  and 
investigate  for  himself.  This  price  named  is  perhap.l 
more  than  he  could  get,  and  four  tons  of  grapes  yearl_v 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 

means  a  goodly  expense  annually  to  keep  up  to  that 
production.  I  think  I  may  say  that  the  annual  ex¬ 
pense  of  keeping  up  such  a  vineyard  will  not  vary  far 
from  $50  per  acre.  Under  some  conditions  it  might 
easily  be  more,  and  some  years  it  might  be  that  in¬ 
stead  of  having  $50  per  acre  left  to  pay  for  his  labor, 
interest  on  investment,  insurance,  taxes,  etc.,  his  mar¬ 
gin  might  be  very  small,  or  even  nothing.  This  de¬ 
pends  on  the  price  received.  As  to  the  orchard,  which 
as  stated  we  will  assume  to  be  in  good  condition  and 
to  consist  of  good  varieties,  such  orchard  can  be  main¬ 
tained  at  one-half  the  expense  (or  even  less)  of  the 
vineyard.  Assuming  it  to  have  good  scientific  care, 
such  as  a  vineyard  must  have,  I  should  pcrsonall}* 
much  prefer  the  orchard,  and  think  that  at  the  end 
of  10  years  the  man  with  the  orchard  would  have  gold 
dollars  to  the  vineyardist’s  brass  buttons. 

Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y.  f.  a.  seeeey. 

WHAT  DOES  THE  MIDDLEMAN  GET? 

Last  Summer  I  purchased  in  Detroit  some  standard 
style  shirts  for  $1  each.  Recently  I  went  to  a  store 


here  to  duplicate  this  brand  and  was  asked  $1.25  for 
the  same  shirt.  Speaking  of  my  Detroit  purchase  and 
asking  what  made  the  difference  in  price,  I  was  told 
it  was  on  account  of  freight  charges.  I  went  home 
and  sat  down  and  figured  that  the  freight  charges, 
plus  packing,  boxing,  hauling,  etc.,  sifted  down  to  a 
single  shirt  would  amount  to  short  of  two  cents.  The 
retailer  in  this  case,  it  seems  to  me,  is  hiding  behind 
an  argument  that  does  not  sound  plausible. 

Another  illustration :  Here  in  the  South  we  have 
no  split  nickels,  and  pennies  are  not  in  general  use 
with  the  grocery  trade,  etc.  When  a  corner  grocery 
notes  an  advance  in  eggs  for  instance,  a  cent  or  two 
a  dozen,  their  price  is  immediately  raised  an  even 
nickel  per  dozen,  and  he  sa3rs,  “Eggs  are  up ;”  whereas 
in  a  declining  market  the  consumer  is  not  given  the 
benefit  of  any  portion  of  the  decline  until  it  reaches 
an  even  nickel.  victor  eabadie. 

Texas. 

R.  N.-Y. — In  the  da}’S  before  stem-winding  watches 
were  in  general  use  we  went  into  a  store  in  Colorado 


63© 

to  buy  a  watch  key.  The  price  as  we  recall  it  was  25 
cents  for  a  key  which  cost  three  cents  in  Boston.  The 
reason  given  for  this  remarkable  price  was  that 
“freight  rates  are  very  high.”  Just  figure  out  the 
freight  rate  on  a  single  watch  key !  We  may  get  under 
these  ridiculous  excuses  and  blow  them  up  >^et.  Parcels 
post  would  put  an  end  to  it !  Senator  Bailey,  of  Texas, 
killed  the  trial  of  parcels  post. 


CRIMSON  CLOVER  AND  VETCH  IN  GEORGIA 

We  have  seen  much  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  in  regard  to 
the  use  of  Crimson  clover  for  a  Winter  cover  crop  in 
the  South,  and  the  editor  is  surprised  that  it  is  not 
more  generally  planted.  But  our  experience  and 
others  in  middle  Georgia  is  that  Crimson  clover  is 
not  a  success  except  in  very  favored  spots,  viz.,  <5eep. 
rich  bottoms  or  very  heavily  manured  lands.  We 
have  had  fine  growth  in  the  creek  bottoms,  but  never 
with  any  success  on  the  poor  worn-out  uplands.  This 
is  also  the  experience  of  our  State  Experiment  Sta¬ 
tion.  We  have,  though,  in  the  Hairy  vetch,  a  Winter 
cover  crop  that  is  entirely  at  home,  and 
no  matter  how  poor  or  depleted  in 
humus  the  soil  may  be,  you  can  get  a 
satisfactory  growth  with  the  addition  of 
a  small  amount  of  phosphoric  acid.  We 
also  find  that  where  it  has  not  been 
previously  grown  inoculation  pays.  We 
have  never  found  a  better  crop  to  sow 
with  vetch  than  wheat ;  do  not  like  rye, 
as  it  comes  too  early  for  the  vetch 
when  cut  for  a  hay  crop.  Fig.  184  shows 
part  of  Qur  Kieffer  pear  orchard  in  its 
second  year  with  vetch  and  wheat  be¬ 
tween  rows,  with  three-foot  strip  plowed 
up  each  side  of  trees  and  cultivated. 
This  land  at  time  of  planting  orchard 
had  been  abandoned  as  too  poor  to  cul¬ 
tivate,  but  by  deep  plowing  and  the  use 
of  vetch  and  cow  peas  is  in  good  tilth 
and  fertility,  and  the  orchard  is  the 
pride  of  all  who  use  it.  Fig.  185  shows 
the  orchard  exactly  three  years  later, 
also  John  and  the  spring-tooth  making 
a  fine  seed  bed.  w.  &  r. 

Pomona,  Ga. 

ANNUAL  BEARING  BALDWINS. 

I  was  much  interested  in  what  B.  D. 
V.  B.  says,  page  459,  about  annual  bear¬ 
ing  of  Baldwins,  and  would  like  to  state 
m}-  experience,  as  it  differs  somewhat. 
My  orchard  contains  Spies,  Baldwins,  a 
few  Russets  and  a  score  or  more  of 
Calvert  Pippins.  My  Spies  for  the  last 
17  years  have  had  an  average  crop  of 
fruit  each  year;  last  year,  the  least, 
about  two  barrels  to  tree ;  Calverts  a 
good  crop  alternate  years;  Baldwins,  a 
varied  yield,  some  branches  have  fruit 
nearly  all  seasons,  other  limbs  on  al¬ 
ternate  }'ears,  and  other  trees  will  bear 
heavily  one  year,  and  skip  one,  some¬ 
times  two.  I  had  an  idea  I  could  feed 
them  up  to  yearly  fruiting,  but  have 
given  it  up.  As  to  treatment,  the  whole 
orchard  gets  a  dressing  of  stable  ma¬ 
nure,  every  two  years,  a  dressing  of 
muriate  of  potash,  400  pounds  per  acre, 
every  five  years ;  of  acid  phosphate  the 
same ;  is  plowed  every  fifth  year,  then 
cultivated  with  disk  and  spring-tooth 
harrow  for  three  years,  and  then  allowed 
to  lie  untilled  one  year.  The  last  sea¬ 
son  I  began  experiment  in  mulching.  ■ 
We  spray  as  we  think  necessary,  from  two  to  fout 
times.  Six  years  ago  the  blister  mite  caused  nearly 
all  foliage  to  drop  before  apples  matured,  but  the 
Baldwins  kept  right  on  in  their  own  way  next  season, 
so  I  have  concluded  that  as  Dame  Nature  is  a  female, 
she  will  have  her  own  way  in  spite  of  me. 

Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y.  w.  l.  bradley. 


If  I  were  to  come  onto  your  farm  and  set  750  teams 
to  work  for  a  week  hauling  water  onto  a  quarter  section 
at  the  rate  of  four  tons  a  day,  I  would  then  only  put 
on  as  much  water  as  evaporates  in  a  week  when  there 
is  a  good  moisture  content  in  the  soil. 

That  is  the  way  President  Worstof  the  North  Dakota 
College  puts  it.  This  work  would  mean  nine  horses 
to  the  acre  hauling  water  as  fast  as  the  sun  and  air 
sucked  it  out  of  the  soil.  Two  good  horses  on  a 
harrow  would  cover  at  least  220  acres  per  day  or  with 
cultivators  15  acres  and  by  stirring  up  the  upper  soil 
into  a  mulch  save  as  much  water  by  preventing  evapo¬ 
ration  as  150  horses  could  haul  into  the  field !  It 
would  seem  therefore  that  praying  for  rain  could  be 
done  most  effectively  on  the  harrow  or  cultivator.  In 
Spring  the  soil  is  usually  well  supplied  with  moisture; 
drought  comes  later  through  loss  of  water. 


TWO-YEAR-OLD  KIEFFER  PEARS-VETCH  BETWEEN.  Fig.  184. 


SAME  ORCHARD  AT  FIVE  YEARS— GOOD  CULTURE.  Fig.  185. 


6-4  O 


\TETE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the  name 
and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure  attention.  Be¬ 
fore  asking  a  question,  please  see  whether  it  is  not 
answered  in  our  advertising  columns.  Ask  only 
»  few  questions  at  one  time.  Put  questions  on  a 
separate  piece  of  paper.] 

MORE  ABOUT  JAPAN  PLUMS. 

On  page  394  is  something  about  the 
origin  of  several  of  the  Japanese  plums, 
including  a  quotation  from  Luther  Bur¬ 
bank’s  catalogue.  In  this  is  a  list  of 
varieties  that  he  says,  if  the  catalogue 
is  properly  quoted,  and  it  must  be,  for 
it  was  photographed,  that  he  originated 
among  others  listed.  Abundance,  Bur¬ 
bank,  Satsuma  and  Shiro.  *  Now  the 
real  truth  is,  unless  there  is  some  grave 
error  in  history,  that  he  did  not  origi¬ 
nate  any  one  of  these  four  varieties, 
and  I  am  amazed  to  see  them  included 
in  a  list  that  should  be  and  probably 
was  prepared  in  person  by  or  under  Mr. 
Burbank’s  direction.  He  surely  knows 
that  he  did  not  originate  them  and  that 
he  was  not  the  original  importer  or  in¬ 
troducer  of  some  of  them,  althoug'h  he 
plainly  says  that  they  are  “of  my  pro¬ 
duction.”  As  I  have  read  and  under¬ 
stood  the  history  of  Abundance  a  num¬ 
ber  of  trees  of  it  were  imported  from 
China  previous  to  or  about  1884  by  the 
direction  of  Mr.  James  Lick,  of  Cali¬ 
fornia,  of  Lick  Observatory  fame,  and 
some  of  them  were  planted  at  his  home 
at  or  near  San  Jose,  others  going  to 
the  Shinn  nursery  at  Niles,  California. 
On  this  lot  of  trees  was  said  to  be  the 
terrible  pest  which  has  since  been  called 
the  San  Jose  scale.  This  scale  spread 
rapidly  and  trees  of  the  variety  were 
sent  east  from  the  nursery  at  Niles  and 
were  planted  by  J.  T.  Lovett,  of  New 
Jersey.  That  is  how  this  scale  insect 
came  to  get  an  early  start  in  that  State. 
I  saw  some  of  these  trees  on  the  Lovett 
farm  in  1887,  and  Mr.  Lovett  told  me, 
when  showing  them  to  me,  that  he  did 
not  know  why  they  were  growing  so 
feebly,  but  in  after  years  we  knew  the 
reason  well  enough,  and  why  the  pest 
was  scattered  far  and  wide  from  the 
Lovett  nursery.  It  was  J.  T.  Lovett  who 
gave  the  variety  the  name  “Abundance, 
as  I  have  understood  the  history,  and 
if  I  am  wrong  will  be  glad  to  be  cor¬ 
rected.  The  name  in  Japan  was  Bo- 
tankio,  so  Prof.  K.  Tamari  and  other 
Japanese  people  told  me  at  the  time  the 
variety  was  first  coming  to  public  notice, 
about  1886.  Some  gave  the  name  as 
simple  Botan.  Owing  to  the  opinion 
among  pomologists  that  this  was 
thought  to  be  the  name  of  a  type  or 
class  of  plums  in  Japan,  the  name 
Abundance  was  generally  accepted  as 
proper  for  American  use,  at  least,  and 
it  has  stood  until  this  day. 

About  the  Burbank  plum  I  have  a 
very  distinct  knowledge  of  its  early  his¬ 
tory  and  have  published  the  same  at 
various  times  and  have  supposed  that 
Mr.  Burbank  and  all  others  acquainted 
with  the  real  facts  would  not  be  in  doubt 
or  continue  to  believe  or  state  anything 
but  the  facts.  I  have  thought  it  well 
settled  and  known  generally  that  this 
plum  was  an  importation  and  not  a  pro¬ 
duction  by  Mr.  Burbank.  To  make  it 
clear  I  will  state  the  facts  again:  Soon 
after  I  organized  the  Division  of  Porno-, 
logy  in  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture  Mr.  Burbank  and  I  began  a  very 
interesting  correspondence,  and  he  sent 
me,  among  other  fruits,  specimens  of 
various  plums  from  trees  that  he  stated 
were  imported  by  him  from  Japan  as 
little  seedlings.  As  they  came  into  bear¬ 
ing  he  sent  me  the  fruit  of  many  kinds, 
and  the  specimens  of  one  number  (for 
he  sent  them  under  numbers  for  dis¬ 
tinction)  were  so  much  better  than  all 
the  rest  that  I  thought  the  variety 
worthy  of  a  name,  propagation  and  trial 
and  asked  Mr.  Burbank  to  allow  me  to 
name  it  in  his  honor,  as  he  was  the  im¬ 
porter  of  the  original  seedling.  To  this 


he  readily  agreed  and  I  made  a  descrip¬ 
tion  of  the  fruit,  the  first  one  ever  made, 
and  had  it  published  in  my  annual  re¬ 
port  for  1887  to  the  head  of  the  De¬ 
partment,  with  a  colored  illustration, 
where  the  same  can  be  seen  by  anyone 
who  cares  to  look  it  up  at  any  time. 

Satsuma  is  a  variety  that  was  intro¬ 
duced  from  Japan  along  with  the  earliest 
importations  of  plums  from  that  coun¬ 
try,  but  just  when  and  by  whom  I  am 
uncertain.  I  showed  specimens  of  it  to 
Japanese  residents  visiting  in  America 
about  1887,  who  told  me  that  the  variety 
was  called  Smomo  in  Japan,  that  it  al¬ 
ways  had  red  flesh,  and  was  very  late. 
This  is  true  of  it  in  this  country.  My 
recollection  is  that  I  described  this  plum 
in  my  first  annual  report  as  Pomologist, 
in  1886. 

Shiro  is  another  native  of  Japan  that 
was  imported  some  time  about  1885  or  a 
little  later.  The  Japanese  told  me  it  is 
considered  a  good  plum  with  them. 
Shiro  means  white  or  light  colored.  I 
am  sorry  that  about  all  the  Japan  plums 
have  proved  a  disappointment  because 
of  their  inclination  to  rot  and  their  in¬ 
ferior  quality^.  h.  e.  van  deman. 


Patching  Up  a  Lawn. 

L.  E.  P.,  Relay,  Md. — I  desire  some  advice 
regarding  my  lawn.  The  ground  was  worked 
and  seeded  two  years  ago  this  Spring,  was 
not  limed.  It  now  appears  to  be  quite 
sour,  and  the  weeds  are  beginning  to  get 
a  good  hold  and  in  some  places  the  ground 
is  entirely  bare.  Would  you  advise  scat¬ 
tering  hydrated  lime  or  phosphate  or  both 
together,  and  should  I  sow  seed  before  or 
after  fertilizing? 

Ans. — If  we  used  any  form  of  lime 
at  all  it  would  be  wood  ashes  or  ground 
limestone.  As  a  rule,  the  application  of 
lime  on  top  of  the  sod  does  little  good. 
The  ground  limestone  will  be  more  ef¬ 
fective  than  most  other  forms,  but  we 
should  not  expect  to  improve  the  lawn 
very  much  without  thickening  the  stand 
of  grass.  This  we  have  not  been  able 
to  do  satisfactorily  without  plowing  or 
spading  and  seeding  anew.  The  fertilizer 
will  help  the  grass  now  on  the  lawn,  but 
with  the  best  seeding  and  raking  you 
will  have  trouble  in  getting  a  new  stand 
unless  you  can  work  up  quite  large 
patches,  fit  the  soil  properly  and  seed 
as  you  would  for  a  new  lawn.  You  can 
patch  it  up  by  seeding  and  raking  over 
after  fertilizing,  but  it  will  not  be  entire¬ 
ly  satisfactory. 

Preventing  Onion  Smut. 

The  Ohio  Experiment  Station  issues  a 
leaflet  on  onion  smut.  This  is  a  disease 
spread  by  spores  which  attack  the  plant 
just  after  germination.  These  spores  are 
carried  from  one  season  to  another  in  the 
ground.  Onion  seedlings  started  under 
glass  or  sets  grown  in  clean  soil  are  not 
affected  by  the  disease.  The  Ohio  Station 
finds  that  a  solution  of  one  pound  of 
formaldehyde  in  25  to  33  gallons  of  water 
will  prevent  the  smut.  A  “drip  attachment" 
is  used  on  the  seed  drill,  which  drops  the 
solution  along  the  drill  as  the  seed  is 
planted.  Several  manufacturers  make  this 
drip  attachment  for  onion  seeders.  The 
Station  Bulletin  says  : 

“Homemade  attachments  may  be  made 
from  empty  syrup  cans  inverted,  using  a 
perforated  rubber  stopper  in  the  outlet, 
connected  by  suitable  rubber  tubes  with  a 
drawn  glass  tube  point  at  the  end  of  each. 
This  rubber  tube  will  require  a  pinch  cock 
to  shut  off  the  flow,  and  the  point  will  need 
to  be  set  so  that  the  solution  falls  with 
the  seed  before  the  earth  covers  it  over. 
The  profits  from  smut  treatment  where  any 
disease  exists  are  very  great,  and  for  this 
reason  the  Experiment  Station  recommends 
it  most  strongly.” 

TATE'!  I  drilling 

TT  Lt  is  Lt  MACHINES 


YOUR  HOME  SHOULD 

attract  attention 

If  you  want  to  add  not  only 
to  the  appearance  of  your 
property  but  to  its  value,  put 
up  an  attractive  and  durable 

REPUBLIC 

ORNAMENTAL  FENCE 

thus  combining  artistic  appear¬ 
ance,  permanence  and  economy. 
Republic  are  built  not  only  for  beauty, 

F  F"  M  P  V  c  ^ut  ,or  u,'l*ty.  The  fabric 
*  _  ™  L  t  o  •  g  made  of  best  quality 

heavily  galvanized  cables  and  heavy  upright 
pickets,  corrugated  only  wh*  -e  they  engage 
the  cablrtf  line  wires.  These  features  com¬ 
bine  to  make  a  rustproof  fabric. 

Made  in  attractive  designs,  for 
either  wood  or  iron  posts.  Self  ad¬ 
justing  to  uneven  ground  and  easily 
put  up. 

Write  for  catalog  of  Republic  Orna¬ 
mental  Fence  and  Farm  Gates. 

It’s  FREE. 

Republic  Fence  4  Gate  Co., 

211  Republic  SL,  North  Chicago,  Ill. 


DONT  FAIL  TO  PLANT 

SOME  OF  THE 

Meadozvvale  Gladioli 

THIS  SEASON. 

Write  for  Free  Illustrated  Catalogue  at  once. 

ARTHUR  COWEE 

Meadowvale  Farm,  Boa  54,  BERLIN,  N.  Y. 


n  Alii  j  AO— TWENTY  kinds  (my  selection)  $1. 
UHnLlHO  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Write  for 
full  particulars-  H.  F.  BURT,  Taunton.  Mass. 


PHR  QAI  c— Cow  Peas.  $2.50  to  $3.00  bushel; 
rUll  OHLC  Crimson  Clover  Seed,  $8.50  bushel: 
Black-Eyed  Peas.  $3.00  bushel. 

JOSEPH  E.  HOLLAND  .  .  Milford.  Del. 

OLYMPIC  NATURE  NURSERY 

Rhododendrons,  Madron  as,  Oregon  Grapes,  Huckle¬ 
berries  and  other  wild  shrubs,  plants  and  flowers. 

By  mail,  10  for  50  cents,  24  for  $1.00  postpaid. 

Money  back  it  not  satisfied. 

JOEI.  SHOMAKEK,  Nellita,  Washington. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 

Mary,  $2.25  thousand ; 
Aroma.  Bubacli,  Gandy,  Oswego,  Sample,  Success, 
Brandywine,  $3.25  thousand:  Norwood,  $7.50  thou¬ 
sand.  Fifty  others.  Asparagus  roots,  $2.90  thousand. 
All  leading  varieties  Raspberry,  Blackberry,  Goose¬ 
berry,  Currant,  Rhubarb,  Vegetable  Plants,  Fruit 
Trees.  Everything  highest  grade.  Liberal  discount 
oji  large  orders.  Catalogue  free. 

HARRY  S.  SQUIRES,  Remsenbnrg,  N.  Y. 


i  Strawberry 


800.000  Glen  Mary  ") 

500,000  Climax 
500,000  Stevens  L.C.  , 

200,000  Gandy  |  PJailtS 

100,000  Sample  j 

5.000  Lots,  $1.50  per  1,000 
1,000  Lots,  $1.75  per  1,000 

KEVITTS  PLANT  FARM  AT8!TA 


S 


TRAWBERRY  PLANTS  only  $1 .50  &  $1 .75  per  1000.  IUus. 
Catalogue  Free.  S.  A.  VIRDIN,  Harily,  Del. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS — New  and  old  varieties.  Send 
for  new  Illns.  Catalogue  for  1911.  Prices  from 
$1.50  per  1,000  up.  DAVID  RODWAY,  Hartly,  Del. 


STRAWB  E  RRIES 

Plan  to  have  plenty  in  yonr  own  garden.  100  plants 
in  three  best  varieties,  $1.00  postpaid. 

Geo.  R.  Schauber,  Box  R,  Ballston  Lake,  N.  Y. 

STRAWBERRY  PLAKTS 

as  grown,  $1.50  per  1,000  and  up.  Descriptive  :i!ust. 
catalog  free.  G.  E.  BUNTING,  Selbyvllle.Del. 

Dewdrop  Everbearing  Strawberry 

Largest  in  the  World.  Bears  First  Season.  Free 
circular.  H.  F.  DEW,  Albion,  Mich. 


Over  70  sizes  and  styles  for  drilling  either  deep  or  list  free.  W.  S.  FORD  &  SON,  Hartly,  Del. 


Over  70  sizes  and  styles,  for  dniiing  either  deep  or 
shallow  wells  in  any  kind  of  soil  or  rock.  Mounted  on 
wheels  or  on  sills.  With  engines  or  horse  powers.  Strong, 
simple  and  durable.  Any  mechanic  can  operate  them 
easily.  Send  for  catalog. 

WILLIAMS  BROS.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


SCALEC1DE  ” 


If  Will  positively  destroy  SAN  JOSE  SCALE  and  all 
I  soft  bodied  sucking  insects  without  injury  to  the 
■  tree.  Simple,  more  effective  and  cheaper  than 
|  Lime  Sulphur.  Not  an  experiment.  One  gallon 
|  makes  lti  to  20  gallons  spray  by  eimiily  adding  water. 

Send  for  Booklet,  “Orchard  Insurance.” 

I  B.  G.  PRATT  CO.,  50  CHURCH  ST.,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


BINDER  TWINE,  6ic  lb.  fhTTeT? 

made.  Farmer  agents  wanted.  Sample 

fognefree.  THEO.  BURT  &  SONS,  Melrose, Ohla 


Sweet  Potato  Plants 

&  s 


April  29, 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


NO  TIME  TO  LOSE 

There  are  Flowers  and 
Many  Kinds  of  Plants 
That  You  Must  Attend  to 

IN  THE  SPRING 

NOW  IS  THE  SEASON 

To  learn  all  about  the  Special  Value  of 


We  are  very  enthusiastic  about  having 
yon  know  how  our  seeds  have  been  care¬ 
fully  cultured  to  germinate  and  mature  in¬ 
to  plants  that  show  a  real  pedigree  source. 

We  would  like  to  make  a  catalog  of  this 
advertisement,  but  the  space  does  not  per¬ 
mit.  So  we  invite  you  to  write  us  all  about 
your  garden  needs.  We  will  cordially 
respond,  and  send  you  our  new  144  page 
illustrated  catalog  free.  We  are  introduc¬ 
ing  some  seasonable  seed  ’novelties  at  a 
special  packet  price.  Eschscholtzia 
Thorburni  (California  Poppy)  the  grand¬ 
est  of  all  Eschscholtzias.  We  will  mail  a 
packet  of  this  valuable  novelty  and  a  copy 
of*our  beautiful  catalogue— the  Best  Seed 
Anjiual  published  in  America— for  only  10 
cents,  stamps  or  coin.  (Regular  price  of 
seed  15  cents  packet.)  WRITE  TODAY. 

J.M.THORBURN  &  CO. 

Dept.  Y 

33  Barclay  Street,  New  York. 


ALFALFA 

All  Northern  grown,  guaranteed  to  be  99  percent 
pure  and  free  from  dodder.  Write  for  free  sample 
on  which  we  Invite  you  to  get  Government  test*. 
This  seed  should  produce  hay  at  $60  per  acre]  an¬ 
nually.  Free  instructions  on  growing. 

GRAIN  AND  GRASS  SEED 

Northern  grown  and  of  .strongest  vitality.  We 
handle  export  grade  only  and  can  furnish  grass 
mixture  suitable  for  any  soils.  Write  for  cat  alog. 

WING  SEED  CO.,  Box  223  Mechanicsburg,  O. 


PIONEER 


S™S 


FOR  ALL  KINDS  OF 

CLOVER  and  FiBLD 
SEEDS  also  GARDEN, 
FLOWER  SEEDS 
and  Implements 

Write  to  this  Old  Reliable 
House — Catalogue  Free 
and  Field  Seed  Price  List 
mailed  you  on  application. 

THE  HENRY  PHILIPPS  SEED  AND  IMPLEMENT  CO.,  Toledo,  0. 

SALESMEN  WANTED 

Free  outfit.  Commission  paid  weekly.  Write  for 
terms.  PERRY  NURSERIES,  Rochester,  NewYork 

Black's  Peach  Trees-191 1 

D.  _•  'ai%_>^.Peach  Trees  are  one  of  our  specialties — we«j 
Sfafra  grow  for  quality  and  not  quantity  alone.  Our  1 
trees»  however,  cost  little,  if  any,  more  than  the! 
ptjr  ordinary  sort — we  employ  no  agents,  but  seljl 
direct, saving  middleman’s  profits.*  w  ■  ■  ■ 

New  bxiklet,  “Springtime  andY9lU3Dl6 
Harvest  for  the  Fruit-grower,”  free,  b  .  ■  • 

Joseph  H.  Black,  Son  &  Co.  DOOKlGl 


m 


f  Box  V,  Hightstown,  New  Jersey 


Sent  Free 


FRUIT  TREES  AND  PLANTS 


AT  VERY 
LOW  PRICES 

Apples  .  .  .  $15.00  per  lOO 
Peaches  ...  $8.00  per  lOO 

Cherries  .  .  .  $10.00  per  lOO 

Strictly  First-Class  Stock,  Government  In¬ 
spected  .  Write  today  for  our  free  catalogue 
on  Fruits  and  Ornamentals,  and  buy  direct 
from  the  growers.  Our  trees  are  grown  in  that 
great  nnrserv  belt  of  Ontario  County. 

ONTARIO  NURSERY  CO.,  Inc. 

GENEVA,  N.  Y.  Box  No.  21 


PEARS,  APPLES  and  PEACHES 

All  selected  stock  and  in  perfect  condition,  at  a  liberal  discount,  for  the  next  ten  days. 
Free  Catalog.  H.  S.  WILEY  <&  SON,  Cayuga,  NewYork. 


PEACH  TREES 


KLBERTA,  CABMAN,  HIEI.EY,  and  all  the 

leading  varieties  at  prices  that  will  save  yon  money. 
We  have  APPLE,  PEAR,  PLUM,  and  other  varieties  of 
fruit  trees  also.  Catalog  free. 

BARNES  BROS.  NURSERY  CO.  ISfc™* 


NATURAL  Ground  PHOSPHATE 


In  Rotating  Your 
Crops  don’t  fail 
lo  apply  Natural 
F  ine-Grou  n  d 
Phosphate  when 
breaking  your  clover, 
grass  or  grain  stub 
sods.  sThis  is  the  best 
time  toapply  it  to  the 
soil  direct.  Add 


The  right  amount 
applied  just  then, 
at  not  over  $1.00 
per  acre  cost  per 
crop, will  inc rease 
„  each  crop  grown  dur¬ 
ing  the  rotation  from  50 
to  75*  Write  for  free 
Booklet,  telling  all 
bout  it. 


THE  FARMERS  GROUND  ROCK  PHOSPHATE 


“NEW  MODERN”  Sanitary  STEEL  STALLS^ 

Simple,  Strong",  and  Vermin  Proof. 

Easily  Installed  for  Concrete  Work. 

“NEW  MODERN”  SWING  STANCHIONS 

Swivel  or  Chain,  Wood  or  Steel 

When  open  is  held  firmly  in  position  by  automatic  latch,  yet 
when  elosed  swings  easily  on  metal  bearings  with  every  head 
movement.  Extension  bar  prevents  cattle  entering  at  side. 

Plans  and  Estimates  Furnished  Free.  All 
Material  and  Workmanship  Guaranteed. 

Write  todav  for  full  details  and  our  new  catalog  covering 

LITTER,  ENSILAGE  and  PLATFORM  CARRIERS,  WATER  BASINS 
with  covers,  STEEL  STALLS,  GATES,  TANKS,  etc. 

Sales  Agents  for  Foster’s  “  CHAMPION  ”  Steel  Stanchion 

GLOR  BROS-  &  WILLIS  MFG-  CO-,  91  Main  St-,  Attica,  NewYork 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


641 


1911. 

WHEN  WINTER  HURTS  APPLE  TREES. 

S.  Androscoggin  Co.,  Me. — What  shall  I 
do  with  my  Wolf  River  apple  trqes?  The 
branches  will  turn  black,  bark  split  open 
and  peel  off,  and  then  die ;  one-third  of 
apples  last  season  only  got  about  one-half 
size,  then  would  shrink  and  dry  up.  These 
trees  are  large  yielders  and  about  20  years 
old.  I  would  like  to  save  them  if  possible, 
but  they  are  badly  affected. 

Ans. — The  trees  in  question  are  prob¬ 
ably  affected  by  Winter  injury,  though 
it  is  impossible  to  be  certain  of  this 
without  direct  examination.  The  heavy 
bearing,  with  resulting  weakened  condi¬ 
tion,  would  increase  their  tendency 
toward  such  injury,  and  the  symptoms 
are  not  those  of  fire  blight,  to  which  this 
variety  is  reputed  to  be  rather  resistant 
anyway.  If  it  is  Winter  injury,  very 
little  can  be  done  to  save  the  trees.  The 
most  promising  measures  would  be  to 
prune  out  the  dead  and  evidently  injured 
wood,  and  to  try  to  get  more  vitality  into 
the  remaining  portions.  This  can  prob¬ 
ably  best  be  done  with  a  moderate  dress¬ 
ing  of  stable  manure,  about  six  or  eight 
tons  per  acre,  applied  about  when  growth 
starts  or  slightly  before.  In  the  pruning 
the  cuts  should  be  made  close  to  the 
parent  branch,  or  just  above  a  lateral 
in  the  case  of  removing  a  vertical 
branch,  whenever  this  is  possible.  All 
wounds  over  one  inch  in  diameter  should 
be  painted  with  a  thick,  pure  lead  paint, 
without  any  turpentine  or  “drier”  in  it. 
This  is  to  reduce  evaporation  and  avoid 
fungus  attacks.  Besides  these  opera¬ 
tions,  it  is  essential  in  avoiding  later 
Winter  injury  that  the  wood  be  properly 
ripened  before  Winter  sets  in.  If  the 
orchard  is  cultivated,  this  can  probably 
best  be  done  with  a  rapid-growing,  frost- 
killed  cover  crop,  such  as  large  German 
millet.  This  plant  remains  erect  and 
holds  the  snow,  which  is  really  the  best 
frost  protection  for  orchards,  so  far  as  a 
Winter  covering  is  concerned.  It  should 
be  planted  so  as  to  get  about  two  months’ 
growth  before  frost  usually  comes.  If 
the  ground  is  not  cultivated,  and  this 
is  probably  the  safer  plan  where  Win¬ 
ter  injury  is  much  of  a  factor,  then  the 
wood  ripening  is  likely  to  take  care  of 
itself.  It  can  be  regulated  somewhat, 
however,  even  under  the  sod  treatment, 
by  modifying  the  heights  to  which  the 
vegetation  is  permitted  to  grow. 

Pa.  Exp.  Station.  p.  p.  Stewart. 


Crows  that  Pull  Corn. 

The  season  for  planting  corn  in  New 
England  is  approaching,  and  we  would 
like  to  know  what  is  the  best  thing  we  can 
ase  to  prevent  the  crows  from  pulling  up 
corn.  We  find  that  corn  does  not  come 
quite  so  well  if  thoroughly  tarred,  and  we 
have  had  experience  with  crows  that  would 
pull  up  corn  even  if  they  did  not  eat  it. 
Perhaps  they  had  been  upon  the  neigh¬ 
bors’  fields  and  had  received  such  educa¬ 
tion  that  they  had  fixed  the  habit  so  thor¬ 
oughly  that  they  would  not  desist  from 
pulling  ours,  even  if  it  was  distasteful 
on  account  of  tar  we  had  put  on.  On 
small  pieces  we  find  twine  quite  success¬ 
ful,  but  when  we  plant  fields  of  15  to  | 
25  acres  we  should  have  something  that 
would  not  hinder  so  much  the  cultivating 
of  the  cornfields.  We  have  put  out  suits  of 
clothes  stuffed  with  straw,  boxes  in  which  a 
man  with  a  rifle  could  hide,  nevertheless, 
the  crows  have  pulled  some  corn  every  year 
for  us.  If  you  have  a  remedy  that  is  sure 
will  you  be  so  kind  as  to  give  it  to  us? 

Maine.  J.  h.  r. 

Nothing  in  our  experience  has  been  surer 
than  tarring  the  seed  and  this  does  not 
always  work.  Crows  are  very  bad  with  us. 
There  appears  to  be  a  “roost’’  nearby.  We 
are  told  that  if  you  can  catch  a  crow  in 
a  steel  trap  at  the  top  of  a  pole,  put  a 
chain  on  his  leg  and  fasten  him  in  the  field 
his  cries  will  drive  the  rest  away.  The 
following  advice  is  given  by  a  number  of 
correspondents  : 

Feeding  Crows  on  Com. 

I  note  you  refer  to  tarring  corn  to  save 
It  from  the  crows.  I  want  to  enter  a  word 
of  protest  against  this  disagreeable  prac¬ 
tice,  and  I  believe  it  is  wholly  unnecessary. 

I  pity  the  boy  or  hired  man  that  has  to 
plant  tarred  corn  on  a  warm  day  in  May 
even  when  the  corn  is  properly  tarred,  to 
say  nothing  of  the  filthy  mess  that  is  often 
prepared  by  some.  For  the  boss  I  have  no 
sympathy,  for  as  the  boys  say,  it  is  his 
own  funeral.  I  have  seen  considerable 
damage  from  pulling  where  corn  was  well 
tarred,  as  the  crows  will  try  hill  after 
hill  even  if  they  do  not  eat  it,  and  in 
some  instances  I  have  seen  thm  eat  con¬ 
siderable  after  hulling  It.  For  the  past 
four  years  I  have  had  no  trouble  from 
pulling  where  I  fed  the  crows  unless  the 
feeding  was  neglected  until  the  corn  was 
up,  and  we  have  had  just  as  many  or  more 
crows  in  the  fields  these  years  as  hereto- 
fore.  A  half  bushel  to  a  bushel  of  corn 
will  protect  eight  or  10  acres  in  a  good 
growing  season,  though  more  may  be  nec¬ 
essary  in  a  cold  backward  season.  Don’t 


get  the  idea  that  any  old  corn  will  do  for 
crow  feed,  but  take  nice,  bright  sound  corn, 
just  as  good  as  you  would  take  to  mill  to 
have  ground  for  family  use,  and  scatter 
through  the  field  just  before  the  corn  breaks 
the  ground,  and  renew  if  needed  until  the 
corn  is  past  the  stage  where  the  crows  will 
pull  it.  Don't  get  the  idea  that  the  crows 
have  to  be  poisoned,  or  be  too  economical 
in  the  feeding,  aud  if  the  first  feed  is  sown 
in  time  I  believe  you  will  have  no  trouble 
from  pulled  corn.  I  use  this  method  in 
protecting  my  breeding  plots  where  a  per¬ 
fect  stand  is  very  essential,  and  when 
properly  carried  out  I  have  not  had  a 
hill  pulled.  It  is  not  from  any  liking  for 
the  crows  have  pulled  some  corn  every  year 
but  purely  from  a  business  standpoint  of 
dollars  and  cents,  and  the  satisfaction  Oi 
having  a  perfect  stand.  However,  I  be¬ 
lieve  the  crow  does  not  get  full  justice  and 
lives  under  the  ban  of  strong  prejudice 
handed  down  from  generation  to  generation 
of  mankind.  Now  and  then  crows  will 
catch  chickens,  and  when  they  do  there  is 
no  worse  pest  to  the  poultryman,  and 
here  I  speak  from  experience  :  but  I  do  not 
believe  all  crows  contract  this  habit,  and 
it  would  be  just  as  fair  to  condemn  all 
Smiths  because  John  Smith  is  a  thief  as 
it  is  to  condemn  all  crows  because  certain 
crows  catch  chickens.  There  is  another 
thing  in  relation  to  corn  planting  that  I 
never  could  understand,  and  this  is  why 
anyone  should  plant  three  and  four  or 
four  and  five  kernels  in  a  hill.  The  boss 
will  give  these  instructions  at  planting 
time,  at  least  this  practice  prevails  in  this 
section,  and  he  will  sometimes  go  one  bet¬ 
ter  and  say,  “put  from  three  to  five  in  a 
hill.”  If  three  are  wanted  why  put  three 
to  four  or  three  to  five?  The  same  farmer 
would  think  his  wife  crazy  if  she  should 
tell  him  to  come  to  dinner  from  11  to  1. 

GEO.  R.  SCIIAUBER. 

Preparation  for  Oats. 

I  have  a  field  in  front  of  my  house 
which  I  would  like  to  sow  to  oats  this  Spring. 
The  field  has  not,  however,  been  plowed 
during  the  last  15  years,  and  now  has  a 
thick  sod  of  worthless  grass  and  weeds. 
My  neighbors  advise  me  not  to  sow  oats 
on  new  ground.  Do  you  think  a  satisfac¬ 
tory  crop  of  oats  can  be  grown  there  with 
proper  fertilizing?  Do  you  think  that  it 
pays  to  apply  lime  to  the  soil  when  lime 
costs  $9  per  ton?  k.  j. 

Iiudd  Lake,  N.  .T. 

That  is  not  the  best  soil  for  oats.  We 
would  rather  plant  corn,  as  the  first  crop 
on  such  land  :  still  you  can  get  a  fair  crop 
of  oats  if  you  will  fit  the  soil,  lime  it  and 
use  a  fair  amount  of  fertilizer.  We  should 
in  such  case  use  lime  at  the  price  you 
mention. 

A 

Makes  a 

Good  Breakfast 
Better — 

To  have  some 

Post 

Toasties 

with  cream  or  milk. 

For  a  pleasing  change, 
sprinkle  Post  Toasties  over 
fresh  or  stewed  fruit,  then 
add  cream  and  you  have  a 
small  feast. 

“The  Memory  Lingers” 


Postum  Cereal  Company,  Ltd., 
Battle  Creek,  Mich. 


SAVE  MONEY,  TIME  AND  LABOR 

Before  Building,  Write  for  Free  Booklet  and  Samples  of 


Wall  board sheath i NG 


LJISHOPRIC  WALL  BOARD  is  cheaper  and 
AJ  better  than  Lath  and  Plaster;  applied  winter  or 
Summer.  YOU  can  easily  nail  it  to  studding.  Ap¬ 
plied  dry  it  is  at  once  ready  tor  paint, paper  or  burlap, 
is  clean  and  sanitary;  guaranteed  proof  against 
dampness,  heat,  cold,  sound  and  vermin. 

CONSTRUCTION 
Made  of  kiln-dried  dressed 
lath,  imbedded  in  hot  Asphalt 
Mastic,  andsurfacedwi  th  sized 
cardboard;is  cut  atthe  factory 
into  uniform  sheets,  4x4  ft.  sq. 
and  three-eighths  of  an  inch 
thick.  These  sheetsfdelivered 
in  crates)  are  easilyandquick- 
lynailedtostudding.  Usedfor 
dwellings,  pleasure,  health  re- 
sortand  factory  buildings,  new 
parti tionsin  old  buildings,  fin¬ 
ishing  attics,  cellars,  porches. 


Applying  Wall  Board  laundries,  garages 

Pries  $2.50  per  100  sq.  ft.  or  $6.40  per  crate  of  256  sq.  ft. 
f.  o.  b.  factories.  New  Orleans,  Cincinnati,  or  Alma,  Mich. 

Write  for  Booklet  and  Free  samples  cf  Wall  Board,  Sheathing  and  Roofing 

The  Mastic  Wall  Board  &  Roofing  Mfg.  Co.  43  E.  Third  St.  Cincinnati,  O. 


T5ISHOPRIC  SHEATHING  saves 75  per  cent  in 
•L*  materia  1  an  d  labor.  Same  as  Wal  1  Board ,  bu  t  card¬ 
board  surface  of  Sheathing  is  not  recommended 
for  decorative  purpose; therefore  costs  less.  Quick¬ 
ly  nailed  to  studs  with  laths  and  asphalt  exposed. 
Shows  weatherboards  over  Sheathing,  I 
side  exposed;  also 
Bishopric  Rooling/ 
over  Sheathing.)  * 
smooth  side 
exposed 


Makes  smooth,  solid  job.  Does  away  with  building 
paper.  Proof  againstheat,  cold,  dampness.  Usedwith 
excellent  resultsas  cheapest  and  best  lining  for  dairy 
barns,  poultry  houses,  stables  and  other  buildings. 

Price $2.35  per  square  of  100  sq.ft,  or  $6  per  crate  of  256 
sq.  ft.  f.  0.  b.  New  Orleans,  Ciocinpati,or  Alma,  Micb. 


Your  Buildings 
Are  Capital 


— just  as  much  as  your  land. 

You  would’ nt  think  of 
letting  your  land  run  down. 
Do  you  neglect  your  build¬ 
ings? 

Where  the  paint  has 
scaled  off,  the  weather  will 
soon  work  ruin. 

This  spring  protect  your  buildings  with 
good  paint.  Be  sure  your  painter  uses 

“Dutch  Boy  Painter” 
White  Lead 

and  genuine  linseed  oil.  You  can  find 
nothing  so  protective,  lasting  and  econom¬ 
ical.  Ask  your  painter. 

You  can  have  free  our  “Helps  No.  1508 
which  tell  all  you  want  to  know  about 
paint  and  painting. 

National  Lead  Company 

New  York  Cleveland  Chicago 

St.  Louis  Boston  Buffalo 

Cincinnati  San  Francisco 
John  T.  Lewis  A  Bros.  Co.,  Philadelphia 
National  Lead  A  Oil  Co..  Pittsburgh 


Hay  Unloader 

This  Hoist  is  designed  to 
meet  the  needs  of  farmers 
who  have  Gas  or  Steam 
Power,  and  is  of  especial 
interest  for  their  use  in  un¬ 
loading  hay  and  grain,  and 
in  filling  the  iee  house  and 
storing  feed,  etc.  Write  for 
full  particulars  and  price. 
John  Farrell.  Newton,  N.  J. 


DIGS  ALL  THE  POTATOES 

without  rutting  them— just  enough  adjustment  to  meet 
your  conditions  without  currying  too  much  soil.  Saves 
enough  more  potatoes,  even  in  small  acrcnge  to  pay  for 
machine  in  short  time.  1‘erfect  separation.  Is  ns  light 
draft  us  any  digger  can  bo.  No  neck  weight.  Two  styles 
made  Prices  ip 75. 00  to  $105.00.  No.  1;>0  is  the  lighter 
machine,  built  on  strong  but  very  simple  lines— a  great 
favorite  with  growers.  Separate  bearings,  easily  removed 
and  cheaply  replaced.  Operates  entirely  from  the  seat. 


ISONASE 


POT A  TO 
_  DIGGERS 

—rears  of  actual  use  in  all  sorts  ot 
ed  their  worth.  Write  to  day  for 


are  not;  experiments 
conditions  have  prove- 
Anniversary  Catalog— complete  line  of  potato  tnnehin* 
ery,  garden  wheel  lioea  and  drills,  orchard  tools. etc 

BATEMAN  M'F'ii  CO. 


Box  102-D 


GRENLOCH. 


STAND 
ARD 


WELL  AND  PROSPECTING 
DRILLING  MACHINERY 


43  years’  successfui  operation. 
Used  In  nearly  ali  parts  of  the 
world.  We  make  a  complete  line 
of  Drilling  Machines  and  tools 
for  every  condition  of  earth 
and  rock  drilling  and  min¬ 
eral  prospecting.  Complete 
catalogue  No.  120  showing  over 
40  styles  of  machines  free. 

THE  AMERICAN  WELL  WORKS 

General  Office  and  Works: 

„  ^  Aurora,  III. 

Chicago  Office:  First  National  Bank  Building. 


INOCULATED  ALFALFA  SOIL 

75  cents  per  hundred,  $10.00  per  ton.  F.  O.  B.  Ash- 
ville,  Pa.  Semi  for  FRICK  booklet  "How  to  Grow 
Alfalfa.”  Dr.  H.  SOMERVILLE,  Chest  Spvings, 
Cambria  County,  Pa. 


Farmers, 

Nitrate  of  Soda 
Sulphate  of  Potash 


the  man  behind  the  Plow  wants  a  Good  Fertilizer.  For  the 
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Muriate  of  Potash 
Kainit 


Our  40  years  of  experience,  prompt  service,  best  facilities,  are  back  of  every  bag  of  these  Genuine  Materials. 
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FARMERS  UNITED  CHEMICAL  CO., 


Box  317,  Reading,  Pa. 


For  Orchard  and  Farm \ 

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CUTAWAY  HARROW  CO.,  839  Main  St.,  Higganum,  Conn. 


Let  Me  Pay  the  Postage  on 
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Though  these  books  cost  me  21  cents  each,  yet  I’ll  gladly  send  you  one  free  because 
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THE  OHIO  CARRIAGE  MFG.  CO.,  STATION  290,  COLUMBUS,  OHIO 


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642 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKEH 


April  29, 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE 

Is  one  day  recently,  1,175,000  pounds  of 
fish  and  48,000  pounds  -of  lobsters  were 
landed  at  the  port  of  Boston.  The  lobsters 
came  from  Nova  Scotia. 

At  Duluth,  Minn.,  the  Government  has 
extensive  fish  hatcheries.  The  output  from 
these  this  Spring  will  be  about  33,000,000 
young  fry;  10.000,000  whitefish ;  15,000 

pike,  and  8,000,000  trout. 

Postal  Savings  Banks. — There  are  48  of 
these  institutions  in  the  United  States  at 
present,  and  on  April  1  8201,901,  in  4,307 
accounts,  were  on  deposit  in  these  banks. 
The  most  extensive  patronage  was  in  the 
West,  though  in  one  Massachusetts  town  of 
7,000  inhabitants,  250  accounts  were  regis¬ 
tered. 

Paper  currency  to  the  value  of  about  $3,- 
000, 000  was  sent  from  the  New  York  Sub- 
Treasury  to  Washington  for  redemption  on 
April  17.  This  was  torn  or  badly  worn 
and  sulk'd  money.  This  is  but  a  small 
fraction  of  the  disgracefully  dirty  paper 
money  (truly  ‘'filthy  lucre”)  in  circulation 
throughout  the  country.  Two  special 
reasons  why  these  dirty  bills  should  be 
redeemed  are  that  they  are  carriers  of 
disease  and  that  they  help  counterfeiters, 
as  they  are  able  to  work  off  poor  imitations 
by  making  them  look  worn  and  soiled. 
Old  money  sent  to  the  Treasury  Depart¬ 
ment,  Washington,  D.  C.,  will  be  redeemed 
without  charge  in  cases  where  the  holders 
are  not  located  where  the  change  can  be 
made  conveniently  at  banks. 

Slack  Pork  Business. — The  year  ending 
March  31  showed  a  decided  falling  off  in 
pork  trade,  the  total  decrease  being  nearly 
2,400,000  hogs. 

Live  Poultry  Dealers. — “I  wish  to  get 
the  names  of  some  wholesale  live  poultry 
dealers  who  handle  poultry  as  per  quota¬ 
tions  in  the  R.  N.-Y.  G.  a. 

Connecticut. 

The  names  of  several  concerns  that  are 
considered  reliable  have  been  sent  the  in¬ 
quirer,  but  we  cannot  guarantee  that  any 
of  them  will  buy  or  sell  at  the  prices 
named.  Effort  is  made  to  give  figures  rep¬ 
resentative  of  actual  sales  at  the  time,  but 
there  is  perhaps  no  other  element  in  the 
produce  trade  about  which  there  is  so  much 
uncertainty.  Prices  may  run  along  without 
much  change  for  several  weeks,  and  then 
rapid  and  violent  changes  may  occur,  so 
that  one  day’s  figures  may  be  of  no  account 
the  next  day.  The  buyers  and  sellers  are 
frequently  so  much  at  odds  regarding  prices 
that  a  day  or  two  is  spent  in  hanging  back 
and  shopping  around  before  either.,  -'vboth 
will  make  the  concessions  necessary'Yo  do 
business.  Of  course,  this  method  of  making 
prices  is  not  confined  to  the  live  poultry 
trade.  Dealers  in  potatoes,  apples  and  other 
produce  often  have  more  or  less  of  a 
"talkfest”  on  hand  before  sales  can  be 
made,  and  here  is  where  experience  and 
knowledge  of  human  nature  counts.  The 
dealer  who  is  best  informed  on  general 
market  conditions  and  able  to  size  up_  his 
customer's  limits  gets  the  highest  prices. 
It  is  a  delicate  matter  to  know  just  when 
to  let  a  possible  customer  go  and  when  to 
make  concessions  to  him.  Some  dealers 
have  the  practice  of  making  a  sale  anyway, 
even  though  at  a  price  below  their  judg¬ 
ment  as  to  values.  This  keeps  the  goods 
moving,  and  on  an  average  is  perhaps  bet¬ 
ter  than  the  opposite  plan.  w.  w.  H. 


MARKETS 

Wholesale  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  April  21,  1911. 


HOTTER 

The  market  is  firm,  prices  on  the  better 
grades  running  one  to  two  cents  above  last 
w  eek. 


Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 22  ©  .23 

Good  to  Choice . 19  @  -21 

Lower  Grades  . 15  &  .18 

Storage . 15  @  .20 

Stale  Dairy,  best . 20  ©  .21 

Common  to  Good . 11  @  -18 

Factory . 14  @  -16 

Packing  Slock . 12  <§i  .15 


Elgin  111.  butter  market  firm  at  21  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery.  22*4  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  23  cents. 

CHEESE 


Arrivals  of  old  cheese  are  lighter,  with 
a  slightly  improved  market.  Receipts  of 
new  cheese  moderate. 

.Full  Cream,  best.  Fall  made . 14  ®  .15 

Common  to  Good . 12  ®  .13 

New  Made . . . 09  Vj  .10)4 

Skims . 05  ®  .10 

EGGS 


No  improvements  in  price  is  noted, 
though  the  market  has  developed  a  some¬ 
what  stronger  tone.  Storage  is  going  on 
actively,  April  eggs  being  considered  es¬ 
pecially  desirable  for  this  purpose. 


White,  good  to  choice. 

. . 18 

(5)  .21 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 

<§)  .18 

Common  to  Good . 

. 15 

®  .17 

Western,  best . 

(Si  .18 

Under  grades . 

. 12 

(8)  .15 

Duck  eggs,  dozen . 

. 21 

©  .25 

Goose  eggs,  dozen . 

BEANS 

. 40 

%  .50 

Business  is  very 
erally  weak  except 

dull  and  market  gen- 
on  Red  Kidney. 

Marrow,  100  lbs . 

f©  3.75 

Medium . 

'a)  3  .55 

Pea . 

@  8.60 

Yellow  Eye . 

@  3.65 

Red  Kidney . 

©  5.75 

WhiteKidney . 

. .  5.00 

©  5.10 

Lima,  California . 

. 6.60 

®  6.70 

HOPS 

Practically  nothing  doing,  as  holders  are 
unwilling  to  sell  at  present  prices. 


Prime  to  Choice . 29  (?)  .30 

Common  to  Good . 26  ®  .28 

Pacific  Coast . 21  @  .22 

German  Crop,  1910 . 60  (a)  .53 

CIDER  VINEGAR 

New  York  prices  for  single  barrel  lots. 

Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 22  ©  .24 

Standard  Grade . 13  @  .15 

DRIED  FRUITS 

A  little  jobbing  business  is  noted,  but 
at  irregular  prices. 

Apples,  evap.  prime . 12  ®  13 

Kvap.,  com.  to  good . 06  @  .11 

Still  Dried . 06  ®  .07)4 

Chops . 07  ©  .08 

Cores  and  Skins . 07 M®  -07)4 

Raspberries . 28  <?>  .30 

Cherries . 15  ©  .18 


FRESH  FRUITS 

Apples,  both  nearby  and  western  stocks 
are  slightly  higher.  Strawberries  from 
Florida  running  very  poor. 

Apples.  Russet,  bbl . 3,00  @  5.00 

Greening .  4.00  ©  7.00 

Baldwin .  4.(10  @  6.50 

Ben  Davis . 3. 50  @  5.50 

Spy . 4.00  ©  6.50 

Western — 

Newtown,  box .  1.75  ®  2.75 

Spitz,  box .  1.75.  @  2.50 

ltome,  box .  2.00  ®  2  75 

Black  Ben.  box . 1  75  <3  2.50 

Gano.  box  .  2.00  ®  2.35 

Cranberries — 

Cape  Cod.  bbl . '2.01  ©14.00 

Jersey,  bbl . II. Ml  (*12.00 

Strawberries,  Fla.,  qt . 03  ®  .20 

Other  Southern . .09  @  .20 

Oranges,  Fla.  box .  3  25  ©  4.25 

Porto  Rico .  2.50  ©  2.75 

California .  2.50  ®  4.00 

Grape  Fruit,  Fla.  box .  2.60  @  3.75 

Pineapples.  Havana,  18s . 2.75  @  3  00 

Porto  Rico,  24s .  2.25  (?)  3.50 


VEGETABLES 

Old  potatoes  in  large  supply  but  held 


firmly  at  prices  named.  Market  on  new 
Southern  potatoes  is  weak.  New  onions 
arriving  in  large  quantities  from  Texas 
and  Mexico,  quality  irregular.  Asparagus 
more  plentiful  and  market  weak.  Southern 
new  cabbage  very  dull,  several  ears  being 
abandoned  as  not  worth  freight. 

Potatoes— N.  Y.  State.  180  lbs .  1.75  ®  2.00 

Maine .  1  -75  'a  2.12 

Southern,  new.  No.  1.  bbl . 4.25  ©  4.75 

Southern,  new,  No.  2,  bbl .  3.00  @  3.75 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bkt .  1.00  ®  2X0 

Asparagus,  Southern,  f ’ey  doz .  8.25  ©  3  75 

Good  to  prime .  2.00  ©  3X0 

Calif.,  green,  fancy  .  3.00  ©  4.00 

Calif.,  green,  common  to  good .  2.60  ®  3.50 

Beets,  new’,  100  bunches . 2.5(1  ©  4.00 

Carrots,  bbl .  2.00  ®  3.00 

Southern,  new,  100  bunches . 2.00  ©  3.00 

Cabbage — old,  ton  .  3.1.0  ©  4.00 

New,  Southern,  bbl . 80  ©  1.00 

Chicory,  bbl .  8.50  <<i  5  00 

Cucumbers.  Fla.  bu .  1.50  ®  2.00 

Escarol,  )4  bbl.  bkt .  1. 00  ©2.00 

Kale,  bbl . 65  ©100 

Kohlrabi,  Southern,  100  bunches . -1.00  (?)  5.0(1 

Lettuce,  )4-bbl.  bkt . 75  (?)  2  00 

Peppers,  Southern,  bu .  1.00  @  2.25 

Horseradish,  100  lbs .  4  00  @  7.00 

Okra.  Fla.  Carrier  .  2.00  (?)  3.00 

Onions,  old,  yellow,  bag .  3.75  ©  4.25 

Texas,  new,  crate . 1-25  ©  1.85 

White,  bu . 75  ©  1.50 

Peas.  Fla.,  bu .  LOO  ©  3.00 

Radishes,  8’n.  H  bbl.- bkt . 25  ©  .65 

Rhubarb,  100  bunches.  . 3.00  ©  6.00 

Komaine.  Southern,  )4  bbl .  I  CO  &  2.25 

Salsify,  100  bunches .  4X0  @  5.00 

String  Beans,  bu.... .  LOO  @  4.00 

Spinach,  bbl . 25  ©  .65 

Squasn,  bbl .  1.75  ©  2.50 

Turnips.  Rutabaga,  bbl . 75  @  1.25 

White,  bbl .  LOO  ©1.50 

Leeks,  Southern,  ]00  bunches .  4.00  ©  5.00 

Kgg  Plants,  Fla.,  box .  2.00  ©  2.25 

Parsnips,  bbl .  1.00  <§>  1.25 

Parsley  bbl .  2.00  ©  2.50 

Tomatoes,  Fla.  crate .  1.50  ®  1.70 


(  Continued  on  paye  555) 


ff  A  Roof  of  Slate  Never  ^ 
Attracts  Lightning 

Think  of  the  risks — the  fire  losses — 
endangerments  of  life,  stock  and  property 
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Roofing  Slate 

The  one  roofing  by  which  all  patent  or  artifi¬ 
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Don’t  allow  the  misleading  low  first  cost  of 
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Send  Today  for  Free  Booklet  “Roots*’ 

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The  American  Sea  Green  Slate  Co. 


V 


( Roofs  That  Never  Wear  Out) 

llO  Clark  Street ,  Granville,  M.  Y. 


FROST 
WIRE  FENCES 

STRbNGTH,  SERVICE  and  SATISFACTION 

woven  in  every  rod  of  our  fence. 
We  combine  best  grade  of  material 
with  expert  workmanship.  Moat  laatr 
lag:  fence  made.  Free  catalog  upon 
request.  Ask  your  dealer. 

THE  FROST  WIRE  FENCE  CO. 
Dept.  H  Cleveland,  O. 


RIFE 

RAM 


A  Water  Supply 

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Have  plenty  of  water  with¬ 
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trouble  or  pumping  expense. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Booklet,  plans,  estimate.  Free. 

Rife  Engine  Co,  2429rrinity  Bdg.,  N.Y. 


UIC 


Highest  Grade— Sanitary 

Not  a  particle  of  wood  about  them 
"uiek  to  open  —  Quick  to  close  — 
uick  to  please — Quick  shipments. 
Ask  for  1910  Catalogue. 

BOWEN  &  WICK.  Mfrs.  Auburn,  N.  Y. 


9 

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This  valuable 
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Do  not  buy  your  roofing  until  after  you 
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Niles.Ohiq, 


POR  SALE— A  rare  chance  to  secure  a  most  de- 
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uAll  About  Hay,”  the  most  completo  and 
practical  booklet  on  the  subject  every  written. 
Write  today.  A  postal  card  will  do. 

AIN  MFG.  CO. 

802  VINE  STREET 
OTTUMWA,  -  IOWA 


Farms  ™  BEST  paets  of  new  york 


Dairy  r  amu>  State.  We  have  them  all  sizes  and 

all  prices.  Send  for  free  catalog. 

NORTHERN  REALTY  CO.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


150  Farris 


FOR  SALE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horace  G.  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa. 


Canadian  Pacific  Offers  YOU 

Farm  in  Sunny  Alberta  Near  Existing 

^^^rRailway  Lines 

^  The  last  chance  fot  a 
first  selection  of  low- 
priced  land  in  Central 
Alberta  near  existing 
railway  lines. 

THOUSANDS  of  home  seek¬ 
ers  and  shrewd  investors 
have  snapped  up  all  the 
former  tracts  offered  by 
the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway. 
Tin's  new  one  just  now  opened  is 
your  best  chance.  Here  you'll 


The 
Alberta 
Home-Maker 


find  American  neighbors — 400,000  acres  in  this  district  were  bought  by  American 
home  seekers  during  1910.  Now  vve  offer  2,000,000  additional  acres — the  pick  of 
the  Province,  the  finest  wheat  land  on  the  continent — where  farms  are  often  paid 
for  with  one  season’s  crops — where  climate,  soil,  transportation  and  markets 
combine  to  build  fortunes  fast.  The  eyes  of  the  world  are  on  this  country.  Yet 
right  here  by  the  railroad,  among  neighbors,  where  good  roads,  schools  and  all 
sound  social  conditions  are  established, we  offer  you  a  farm  at  $12  to  $25  an  Acre. 

Three  Ways  of  Buying  Your  Farm 

— at  Your  Option 

FOR  INVESTMENT—  One-Sixth  Cash,  Balance  in  Five  Equal 
Annual  Installments. 

DEVELOPMENT  BY  SETTLER-One-Tenth  Cash,  Balance  in  Nine 
Equal  Annual  Installments. 

CROP  PAYMENT  PLAN — Making  You  a  Partner  with  the  Cana¬ 
dian  Pacific  Railway,  One-Tenth  Cash,  Balance  by  Crop  Payment — 

NO  CROP— NO  PAY. 


Think  of  it!  Such  an  offer  of  the  choicest  of  "The Last  Best 
West.”  Half  a  million  Americans,  mostly  far-seeing  farmers, 
have  recently  come  to  Canada  for  the  new,  richer  land,  the 
tremendous  crops,  the  quicker  results,  the  marvelous  increase 
in  property  valties. 

The  gate  is  unlocked  to  the  best  great  tract  of  virgin  land  In  Sunny 
Alberta.  Districts  previously  sold  are  making  fortunes  for  American  >  .  nrNNlS 

farmers  who  realize  that  Western  Canada  is  the  future  source  of  wheat  <r  •• 
supply  for  the  United  States.  *  Alberta  Land  Dept., 

j  Canadian  Pacific 

Send  Free  Book  Coupon  Now  *  342  9th  Ave„  West, 

r  /  Calgary,  Alberta. 

Of  all  our  land  offerings  this  Is  the  greatest— but  it  will  be  the  s  Please  send  me  free, 
shortest.  Thousands  are  watching  for  the  chance.  First  come— first y  vour  book  of  opportunity 
served;  earliest  arrival— biggest  value— quickest  results.  Tear  oil/  ‘•aihsrtn  Hand  Book”  and 
the  coupon  and  send  to  me  now  for  the  book  of  opportunity—  .  ,,  latest 

"Alberta  Hand  Book”— and  all  the  facts  about  this  land  of  home  .  all  facts  about  your  latest 

and  fortune.  Address  r  land  offer. 

* 

J.  S.  Dennis,  Manager,  Alberta  Land  Dept.,  f  Name . . . . 

Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  / 


342  9th  Ave.,  West,  Calgary,  Alberta,  Can. 


Town 

R.  F.  D.  .. 


. . .  State. 


I 

■ 

i 

. . 

=1 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


5-4.i 


1911- 

L1ME-SULPHUR  AND  ARSENIC  ON  PEACH 

Last  Spring  (1910),  besides  our  regu¬ 
lar  system  of  spraying  we  sprayed  our 
orchard  especially  for  curculio.  We  used 
a  solution  of  commercial  lime-sulphur 
in  proportion  of  one  gallon  to  200  gal¬ 
lons  of  water;  arsenate  of  lead,  five 
pounds  to  100  gallons,  and  five  pounds 
of  hydrated  lime  to  50  gallons.  The 
spray  was  applied  with  a  power  sprayer, 
relief  valve  set  at  125  pounds  pressure, 
and  fine  nozzles  used.  From  experi¬ 
ments  made  in  1909  in  co-operation  with 
Mr.  Wallace  (Cornell  Bulletin  288)  we 
learned  that  the  effect  of  commercial 
lime-sulphur  on  peach  foliage  depended 
considerably  on  the  method  of  applica¬ 
tion.  When  high  pressure  was  used  in 
connection  with  fine  nozzles,  so  as  to 
produce  a  “fog,”  or  mist,  the  danger  of 
leaf  injury  is  greatly  reduced.  It  may 
be  remarked  in  passing  that  to  use  such 
a  solution  as  that  described  above  so  as 
to  produce  good  results,  effective  and 
continuous  agitation  is  necessary.  It 
was  observed  also  that  when  the  spray 
accumulated  at  the  axil  of  the  leaf  it 
was  more  apt  to  fall.  A  fine  mist  largely 
avoids  this  drenching.  The  spray  was 
applied  as  the  calyces  (shucks)  were 
falling.  No  detrimental  effect  from  the 
spray  appeared  until  after  there  or  four 
weeks.  Then  symptoms  of  leaf-burn, 
with  shot-holing,  appeared,  and  some  of 
the  foliage  began  to  fall.  We  estimated 
that  from  10  to  20  per  cent  of  the 
leaves  were  lost,  the  percentage  varying 
in  different  varieties.  As  the  trees  were 
well  fruited  this  year  this  gave  me  some 
anxiety.  We  at  once  took  measures  to 
counteract  the  effect  of  defoliation,  and 
to  minimize  the  danger  by  cultivation 
and  fertilization. 

In  doing  this  we  started  another  ex¬ 
periment  in  the  use  of  fertilizers.  Nitrate 
of  soda,  was  used  on  part,  complete  fer¬ 
tilizer  (home-mixed)  2,  8,  6  on  part,  and 
stable  manure  on  part.  The  season  was 
dry,  and  by  cultivation  a  dust  mulch  was 
maintained,  but  the  lack  of  rain  pre¬ 
vented  the  fertilization  from  producing 
as  good  results  as  it  should  have  done. 
However,  the  outcome  was  that  a  large 
percentage  of  the  trees  put  out  new 
leaves,  and  the  fruit  all  matured  well  so 
that  no  actual  loss  of  any  of  the  crop 
was  experienced.  The  long  time  en¬ 
suing  between  spraying  and  evidence  of 
leaf  injury  indicates  that  the  damage 
was  not  by  the  lime-sulphur,  but  by  the 
arsenical.  The  use  of  arsenate  of  lead 
and  lime  without  the  lime-sulphur  would 
probably  have  been  better ;  and  also  a 
less  amount  of  the  poison  might  have 
been  better. 

We  have  used  commercial  lime-sulphur 
for  brown  rot  in  proportions  of  1-200 
and  1-300,  with  10  pounds  hydrated  lime 
to  each  100  gallons  of  spray,  and  have 
controlled  the  rot.  The  affection,  how¬ 
ever,  was  not  serious.  In  my  opinion, 
commercial  lime-sulphur  in  strengths  not 
exceeding  1-200  can  be  applied  to  peach 
foliage  if  proper  precautions  are  taken 
in  preparation  and  application  and  no 
damage  result.  But  in  view  of  that  “if” 
there  is  another  and  a  better  way,  viz., 
the  use  of  self-boiled  lime-sulphur.  I 
would  advise  every  peach  grower  to  se¬ 
cure  a  copy  of  Farmers’  Bulletin  440, 
issued  March  27,  1911,  by  the  U.  S.  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture,  entitled 
“Spraying  Peaches  for  the  Control  of 
Brown  Rot,  Scab  and  Curculio.”  Its 
authors  are  W.  M.  Scott  and  A.  L. 
Quaintance  and  it  appears  to  be  the 
latest  word  on  the  subject  from  official 
sources,  and  it  is  very  valuable.  It  can 
be  procured  through  Members  of  Con¬ 
gress  or  by  application  direct  to  the 
Secretary  of  Agriculture,  Washington, 
D.  C.  D.  H.  AYERS. 


Nitrogen  and  “Ammonia.” 

A  !'■  H.,  Cherry  Tree,  Pa. — Will  you  tell 
us  the  difference  between  ammonia  and  nitro¬ 
gen?  Some  fertilizer  companies  call  it  am¬ 
monia  and  some  nitrogen. 

Ans. — This  seems  to  puzzle  many 
farmers.  Nitrogen  is  a  single,  definite 
element  of  plant  food.  What  we  call 
‘ammonia”  is  a  combination  of  nitro¬ 
gen  and  another  element  called  hydro¬ 
gen.  This  hydrogen  is  of  no  value  as 
plant  food,  but  it  combines  in  the  pro¬ 
portion  of  three  parts  to  one  of  nitro¬ 
gen  to  form  ammonia.  Nitrogen  is  14 
tunes  as  heavy  as  hydrogen.  Thus  you 
will  see  that  if  you  had  a  pound  of 
ammonia,  14-17  of  it,  or  put  in  another 
way,  82.5  per  cent,  of  it  would  be  nitro¬ 
gen.  Or  if  you  had  a  pound  pf  nitro¬ 
gen  and  added  the  three  parts  of  hydro¬ 
gen,  you  would  have  instead  of  16 
ounces  about  19 1-3  ounces,  or  an  in¬ 
crease  of.  21  per  cent.  The  fertilizer 
dealers  give  the  per  cent,  of  nitrogen 
and  then  the  per  cent,  of  ammonia  in 
order  to  make  a  larger  showing  for  their 


goods.  Suppose  they  guaranteed  two 
per  cent,  of  nitrogen,  or  40  pounds.  We 
see  from  the  above  figures  that  this 
would  make  2.42  per  cent  ,  or  48  pounds 
of  ammonia.  There  would  be  no  in¬ 
crease  in  its  value,  for  nothing  but  the 
nitrogen  is  actual  plant  food.  It  would 
be  like  a  woman  making  candy — using 
16  ounces  of  sugar  and  boiling  it  with 
three  ounces  of  butter.  She  would  have 
19  ounces  of  candy,  but  no  more  sugar 
than  before.  The  thing  to  remember 
is  that  nitrogen  is  what  we  .want  to  pay 
for.  We  would  pay  no  attention  to  the 
guarantee  of  ammonia,  but  figure  the 
nitrogen  alone. 

Hen  Manure  and  Wood  Ashes. 

F.  E.  G.,  Groton,  Mass. — Can  you  tell  me 
whether  wood  ashes  and  hen  manure  com¬ 
bined  could  be  used  on  a  kitchen  garden 
with  success?  I  have  plenty  of  that  kind 
of  fertilizer,  and  want  to  plant  a  small 
garden  this  year. 

Ans. — This  question  is  asked  at  least 
500  times  each  year.  Both  wood  ashes 
and  hen  manure  are  farm  products,  and 
one  supplies  what  the  other  lacks.  The 
ashes  contain  potash,  phosphoric  acid 
and  lime,  while  the  hen  manure  is 
strong  in  nitrogen.  It  is  the  worst  prac¬ 
tice,  however,  to  mix  the  two  together 
before  using.  This  is  just  what  you 
ought  not  to  do.  The  lime  in  the  ashes 
will  act  to  set  the  ammonia  in  the  hen 
manure  free.  If  this  is  done  before  the 
mixture  is  put  on  the  soil  the  ammonia 
will  be  lost.  If  on  the  other  hand  the 
hen  manure  is  worked  into  the  ground 
several  inches  deep,  and  then  the  wood 
ashes  spread  and  raked  or  harrowed  in 
there  will  be  no  loss.  The  lime  will  stiil 
act  to  set  the  ammonia  free,  but,  being 
in  the  soil,  it  will  be  safely  held  tiiere 
for  the  crops.  Thus  the  way  to  use  hen 
manure  and  ashes  is  to  apply  them  sep¬ 
arately  and  work  both  into  the  soil. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

DAME  NATURE  HINTS 

YVlieii  the  Food  Is  Not  Suited. 

When  Nature  gives  her  signal  that 
something  is  wrong  it  is  generally  with 
the  food ;  the  old  Dame  is  always  faith¬ 
ful  and  one  should  act  at  once. 

To  put  off  the  change  is  to  risk  that 
which  may  be  irreparable.  An  Arizona 
man  says : 

“For  years  I  could  not  safely  eat  any 
breakfast.  I  tried  all  kinds  of  breakfast 
foods,  but. they  were  all  soft,  starchy 
messes,  which  gave  me  distressing  head¬ 
aches.  1  drank  strong  coffee,  too,  which 
appeared  to  benefit  me  at  the  time,  but 
added  to  the  headaches  afterwards. 
Toast  and  coffee  were  no  better,  for  I 
found  the  toast  very  constipating. 

“A  friend  persuaded  me  to  quit  coffee 
and  the  starchy  breakfast  foods,  and  use 
Postuin  and  Grape-Nuts  instead.  I  shall 
never  regret  taking  his  advice. 

“The  change  they  have  worked  in  me 
is  wonderful.  T  now  have  no  more  of  the 
distressing  sensations  in  my  stomach 
after  eating,  and  I  never  have  any  head¬ 
aches.  I  have  gained  12  pounds  in 
weight  and  feel  better  in  every  way. 
Grape-Nuts  make  a  delicious  as  well  as  a 
nutritious  dish,  and  I  find  that  Postum 
is  easily  digested  and  never  produces 
dyspepsia  symptoms.’ 

Name  given  by  Postum  Co.,  Battle 
Creek,  Mich. 

Get  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs.  “There’s  a  Reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


Farmer  Buys  An  Auto 


With  His  Buckeye 

THIS  letter  was  received  from  a 
Buckeye  owner.  It  is  only 
one  of  many  letters  that  praise 
the  earning  powers  of  the  Buckeye. 
We  have  compiled  these  letters  into  a 
booklet  and  will  be  glad  to  send  you 
a  copy. 

Oak  Harbor,  O.,  Dec.  24,  1910. 

Gentlemen: — 

Yours  of  the  22ml  at  hand.  T  enclose  a  photo 
of  my  BUCKEYE  machine  and  also  a  photo  of 
my  anto,  which  T  would  not  have  if  I  had  not 
bought  a  BUCKEYE  DITCHER. 

I  have  operated  my  machine  for  four  years 
and  it  paid  all  debts  to  me  the  second  year. 
The  largest  amount  of  ditch  dug  in  a  single 
day  was  180  rods.  I  have  dug  99  rods  ip  one 
trench  in  five  hours,  depth  about  2  feet,  at  14 
cents  per  rod.  I  have  no  account  of  any  one 
week  or  one  month.  A.  P.  Pierson. 

R.  P.  I).  No.  1, 

The  Buckeye  Traction  Ditcher  will 
net  you  from  $15.00  fo  $18.00  a  day, 
digging  ditches  in  your  neighborhood. 
There  is  no  trouble  keeping  the 
machine  busy.  The  old  expensive 
method  of  hand  labor  is  a  thing  of  the 
past.  The  Buckeye  digs  from  100  to 
150  rods  a  day  at  a  saving  of  from 
twenty-five  to  fifty  per  cent.  The 
ditches  are  truer  and  of  perfect  level. 
Our  catalogue  No.  3  for  the  asking. 

The  Buckeye  Traction  Ditcher  Co- 


Findlay,  Ohio 


Try  the  DELI N 

Wf/?  Ybur Money  /nVoi/rPoctef 


Try  it  for  30 days  on  your  own  roads;  then, 
if  you  iind  It  entirely  satisfactory  ,  you  pay 
us.  Buggies--all  stvles—and  harness  at  lowest 
wholesale  prices,  direct  to  you,  on  approval. 

No  Cash  With  Order— No  Deposit 

“DELiIN”  offers  more  liberal  terms  and 
better  values  than  you  can  get  elsewhere. 

Our  FREE  1911  Catalog  r5-  -.full  information.  Shows 
metal  auto  seat  bufirgries  ai  .dreda 
of  other  dandy  atylen .  Get  acquainted 
with  tho  values  wo  offer  also  with  our 
exclusive  “DELIN'*  terms.  Write  for 
FREE  CATALOG  Today. 

The  Delia  Carriage  Co. 

17  3®,  Central  Avenue 
Cincinnati,  Ohio 


LAND  LIME 

$3.50  PER  TON 


Land  Lime  is  finely  pulverized;  ready  to  drill; 
needs  no  slaking;  is  easy  to  handle;  contains  one- 
third  Quick  Lime  and  two-thirds  Carbonate  of 
Lime.  It  contains  more  lime  than  marl  or  ground 
limestono  or  Hydrated  Lime.  It  will  not  injure 
new  seeding. 

Land  Lime  is  the  cheapest  fertilizer  you  can 
buy.  One  ton  of  Land  Lime  will  set  free  the  high- 
priced  fertilizers  that  are  locked  up  in  the  soil. 
Land  Lime  warms  and  sweetens  sour  soils.  (Most 
of  our  soils  are  sour,  as  is  shown  by  the  presence 
of  moss  and  sorrel  grass.)  Land  I.ime  aids  the 
decomposition  of  humus  and  loosens  up  tho  clay 
soils.  Land  Lime  will  increase  the  yield  of 
Clover,  Alfalfa,  Cabbages,  Timothy.  Beets,  etc. 

band  Lime  is  absolutely  necessary  for  Alfa  Ifa. 
You  cannot  grow  Alfalfa  without  lime  and  Alfalfa 
is  the  best  paying  crop  on  the  farm.  It  is  the  only 
forage  crop  that  will  take  the  place  of  grain. 

Write  for  circulars  and  samples. 

THE  SOLVAY  PROCESS  COMPANY 

SVR/ICUSE,  IM.  V. 


E3 


Write  Today 


We  want  every  farmer  in  the  land  to  have 
our  attractive  Free  Booklet  on  hay  loaders. 

It’s  full  of  interesting  facts  and  illustrations. 

It  shows  plainly  why  the  simple,  light  run¬ 
ning  “GEARLESS”  Hay  Loader  is  the  cheap¬ 
est  to  buy,  the  easiest  to  operate,  the  most 
durable  and  altogether  the  most  satisfactory 
loader  for  heavy  hay,  windrows,  light  hay, 
clover,  alfalfa  or  beans. 

It’s  the  loader  that  can  be  depended  upon 
every  hour  during  the  haying  season.  “No 
time  out  for  repairs.” 

Let  us  send  you  our  Free  Booklet  at  once. 

Write  us  today. 

LA  CROSSE  HAY  TOOL  CO. 

THIRTY-FIFTH  STREET  CHICAGO  HEIGHTS.  ILL. 


BETTER  SAFE  THAN  SORRY 

Potatoes,  tomatoes,  cucumbers,  cantaloupe. 

B"  - ' ’  n*uita,  orchards,  can  be  sprayed  ,  at 
snout,  comparative  cost  for  protection  against 
blight,  bugs,  scale,  etc. .with  an  "IKON  AGB” 

8PBAYEK.  Also,  actually  increases  tho 
yield.  The  machine  ie  adjustable  to  various 
width  rows  — solution  thoroughly  mixed— 
delivered  in  a  tine  spray  that  covers  the  plant 
— single  or  double  acting  pumps — three,  four-,  six  or  oovea 
r.ws— one  or  two  horses— 55  or  100  gallon  steel  or  wood 
tanks.  Has  orchard  attachment  and  many  others. 


IRQHAQtf 


Farm  and  Garden  Tools 


are  practical,  effective,  economical 
They  give  permanent  satisfac¬ 
tion.  We  have  been  making 
the  dependable  kind  for  75  ./A 
years.  Formulas  for  ■•■'Ay i 
solutions  furnished  on  **  c(cfj3' 
applii  ation.  Write  for  //A' 
our -free  Anniversary  AlpSy 
Catalog  showing  pota¬ 


to  machinery,  horse  hoes,  cultivators  and  complete  line 
of  garden  drills,  wheel  hoes,  orchard  tools,  etc. 

BATEMAN  M’F’G  CO.  Box  1029  Grenlocli.  N.  J.j 


I_i  I  M  E 

FOR  AGRICULTURAL  PURPOSES 

Mixtures  of  Potash,  Phosphate  Rock  and  Lime  of 
different  proportions 

LAND  PLASTER 
PHOSPHATE  ROCK, 
AGRICULTURAL  SALT,  Etc. 

ALL  GUARANTEED 
AGENTS  WANTED 

Caledonia  Chemical  Co.,  Caledonia,  N.  V. 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE. 


.  .  .  MANUFACTURKD  ONLY  BY  .  .  . 

* The  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Send  for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  “  Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


New  England  Corn  Growers! 

THE  COE-MORTIMER  PRIZES,  AMOUNTING  TO  $500.00 
For  the  Most  Profitable  Acre  of  Field  Com  Are  Open  In  All  of  You 

It  Makes  No  Difference  Whose  Fertilizer  You  Use,  or  How  Much  Per  Acre 

At  the  urgent  request  of  the  Mass.  Corn  Show  we  have  agreed  to  offer  the  $500.00  in  three  prizes _ 

1st,  $250.00;  2nd,  $150.00;  3rd,  $100.00.  COPY  OF  PLAN  and  our  handsome  annual  memorandum 
booklet  sent  free  on  request.  WRITE  AT  ONCE  FOR  INFORMATION  SHEET  and  ENTRY 
BLANKS  to  PROF.  WM.  D.  HURD,  SECRETARY,  MASS.  CORN  SHOW,  care  of  Mass. 
Agricultural  College,  Amherst,  Mass.  (Competition  will  close  on  or  before  November  1st,  1911.) 

THE  COE-MORTIMER  COMPANY 

Sole  Manufacturers  of  the  Celebrated  E.  FRANK  COE  FERTILIZERS  and  PERUVIAN  BRANDS 

24-26  STONE  STREET . NEW  YORK  CITY 


644 


April  29, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


A  drizzle  of  rain  with  grey  sky  over¬ 
head  and  mud  underfoot  was  what  we 
found  waiting  for  us  in  northern  New 
Jersey  on  April  14.  That  is  about  the 
meanest  weather  combination  which  our 
country  can  produce,  yet  I  question  if 
any  previous  glimpse  of  a  promised  land 
could  qufte  equal  Hope  Farm  in  the 
eyes  of  the  Hope  Farmers.  They  had 
just  finished  a  long  and  rough  ocean 
voyage  from  Florida.  The  boat  had 
been  held  back  by  high  winds,  and 
finally  crawled  into  New  York  nearly  a 
day  behind.  I  had  a  wireless  message 
from  them,  so  I  knew  they  were  safe, 
but  in  that  boiling  and  heaving  water  it 
seemed  to  them  at  times  as  if  the  ship 
were  standing  on  its  head ! 

At  last  the  hard  voyage  was  ended. 
It  had  its  uses  in  giving  them  a  higher 
appreciation  of  home.  It  was  indeed  a 
blessed  sight — tlje  narrow  farm  climb¬ 
ing  the  steep  lull,  the  trees  crowning 
the  top,  the  house  and  pleasant  lawn  and 
the  flag  flying  from  the  new  pole.  The 
weather  was  changing,  too,  and  just  a 
little  slab  of  sunshine  lay  on  the  hill 
tops.  It  was  just  the  sort  of  a  home¬ 
coming  that  one  would  like.  Merrill 
had  the  house  clean  and  warm,  and 
without  fuss  or  delay  the  Hope  Farmers 
proceeded  to  fall  into  the  old  life. 

You  should  have  seen  the  children 
running  about  to  investigate.  The 
turkeys,  the  hens  and  the  horses  were  all 
in  good  shape,  the  trees  never  looked 
better,  the  grass  was  standing  thick  and 
strong.  You  could  notice  the  rye  a  mile 
away.  The  young  alligators  which  the 
boys  brought  with  them  are  lively  and 
strong,  though  I  do  not  expect  to  have 
any  to  sell  for  some  years.  When  I  got 
home  I  found  two  of  the  little  boys  far 
up  by  the  spring  with  their  wagons— 
just  sitting  on  a  rock  and  looking  down 
the  hill — too  happy  even  to  play!  Yes, 
indeed,  Hope  Farm  seemed  like  the 
promised  land  to  all  our  people,  and 
they  all  came  back  ready  to  help  make 
the  promise  real  and  true.  All  hands, 
down  to  the  little  red  heads,  will  have 
a  regular  and  responsible  part  of  the 
job.  Everybody  works  and  everybody 
plays  at  Hope  Farm.  The  thing  to  do 
is  to  keep  the  two  operations  separated. 
In  former  years  the  larger  boys  have 
kept  up  the  wood  supply  and  kept  the 
lawns  clean.  Now  these  big  boys  will 
graduate  from  these  jobs  out  into  the 
field,  while  the  little  boys  will  come  for¬ 
ward.  We  have  a  big  shed  well  stuffed 
with  sawed  wood.  The  boys  will  have 
their  little  axes  and  split  and  deliver 
this  wood  to  the  kitchen  as  needed. 
Every  child  will  have  some  little  re¬ 
sponsibility  and  will  be  held  .up  to  it. 
That  is  the  only  way  in  which  a  big 
family  like  ours  can  hope  to  get  along. 
Right  now  Hope  Farm  is  feeding  and 
sheltering  seven  adults  and  10  children. 
From  the  fat  red-headed  baby  of  15 
months  to  the  grizzled  old  veteran  of 
undetermined  age  this  makes  an  army 
requiring  good  organization  and  drill. 
Yet,  when  well  drilled  and  organized, 
it  is  the  sort  of  army  a  farm  ought  to 
carry.  I  should  not  like  to  think  of  the 
10  Hope  Farm  children  growing  up  in 
the  city. 

What  are  we  planning  to  do  in  order 
to  provide  food  and  labor  for  such  a 
company?  Now  is  the  time  when  every 
farmer  should  make  his  plans.  Fruit  is 
the  main  crop  at  Hope  Farm.  This  is 
the  bearing  year  for  some  300  older 
trees,  while  about  1,000  younger  trees 
will,  or  ought  to,  begin  to  give  some 
fruit.  There  are  something  over  500 
peach  trees  that  are  now  well  loaded 
with  buds,  and  about  as  many  more 
younger  trees  coming  on.  All  these  are 
to  be  sprayed  and  cared  for.  Some  are 
cultivated  and  others  are  mulched.  Our 
children  are  taught  never  to  throw  away 
anything  that  might  feed  or  mulch  a 
tree.  Everything  is  piled  under  the 
fruit  trees.  Waste  from  the  kitchen, 
pumpings  from  the  cesspool — everything 
that  will  decay  is  used  in  the  orchards. 
The  wet  wastes  are  cultivated  or 
spaded  in — the  dry  stuff  left  on  top  to 
hold  moisture.  Weeds  from  the  garden 
or  strawberry  beds  are  put  in  baskets 
and  put  around  trees  with  coal  ashes 
over  them.  Of  course  I  understand  that 
many  expert  fruit  growers  will  smile  at 
such  methods,  but  what  we  want  to  do  is 
to  make  every  foot  of  our  lower  farm 
produce  as  much  as  a  yard  under  or¬ 
dinary  cultivation,  and  do  it  with  the 
labor  of  our  own  family,  if  possible. 
Right  now  it  looks  like  a  good  income 
from  the  trees.  There  are  now  about 
2J4  acres  of  strawberries,  including  the 
potted  plants  set  last  Fall.  These  last 
are  not  at  their  best — the  others  are 
fair.  We  shall  try  to  keep  them  clean. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


The  chances  are  for  a  good  crop  of  Mar¬ 
shalls  and  in  late  July  or  August  we 
expect  to  plant  over  an  acre  more.  We 
also  have  a  good  trade  in  potted  plants, 
which  often  lasts  until  late  in  Septem¬ 
ber.  Picking  berries  and  potting  plants 
make  good  work  for  our  young  folks. 
They  can  make  far  more  at  it  than  at 
growing  corn  or  potatoes.  Then  we 
plan  an  acre  or  so  of  Prizetaker  onions. 
The  plants  are  now  in  the  cold  frames 
and  making  fair  growth.  Early  in  May 
they  will  be  transplanted  in  good  soil, 
well  prepared  and  given  the  best  cul¬ 
ture  that  we  have  in  us.  If  we  run 
short  of  seedlings  we  shall  use  sets  to 
complete  the  field.  On  smaller  fields  we 
have  grown  enormous  crops  of  such 
onions,  but  there  are  no  brags  coming 
of  what  this  year  will  come  to.  The 
job  is  well  suited  to  our  class  of  labor, 
and  we  will  try  to  do  it  right.  Later, 
after  the  clover  is  cut,  we  plan  to  try 
an  acre  or  so  of  celery  or  Brussels 
sprouts.  Of  course  the  garden  will  be 
the  mainspring  of  it  all,  for  we  expect 
to  get  at  least  half  the  Summer’s  food 
out  of  the  vegetables.  Tf  we  cannot  have 
our  choice  of  a  dozen  vegetables  for  at 
least  100  days  it  will  be  a  great  disap¬ 
pointment.  The  garden  will  be  double 
cropped — that  is,  the  first  crops  in  wide 
rows  with  a  second  and  even  a  third  put 
in  between.  We  also  plan  to  plant  about 
10  barrels  of  potatoes.  These  will  be 
planted  in  small  patches  here  and  there, 
wherever  a  piece  of  strong  land  becomes 
available.  Practically  every  part  of  the 
farm  is  covered  with  rye.  This  can  be 
plowed  under  and  the  ground  planted  in 
early  potatoes.  They  can  be  taken  out 
in  time  to  plant  potted  strawberries, 
either  close  together  or  wide  enough 
apart  for  a  row  of  turnips  between  the 
strawberry  rows.  For  the  past  few 
years  we  have  suffered  greatly  from 
drought,  and  T  am  trying  to  figure  out 
a  plan  for  irrigating  about  five  acres  of 
the  lower  farm.  We  shall  have  to  come 
to  it  sooner  or  later,  but  first  the  soil 
must  be  thoroughly  drained  and  made 
smooth. 

On  the  whole,  Hope  Farm  starts  the 
season  with  good  prospects.  We  have 
made  what  we  call  good  plans  for  each 
field  or  piece  of  ground — now  see  if  we 
can  execute  them.  The  weather  thus  far 
has  been  bad.  When  our  folks  got  back 
nothing  was  planted.  Wc  were  ready  to 
sow  oats  and  put  peas  in  the  garden, 
but  the  soil  was  not  ready  for  us.  It 
will  soon  warm  up  and  then  we  can  get 
going.  The  fruit  buds  are  still  dormant 
— quite  a  little  behind  last  year  in  de¬ 
velopment.  That’s  a  good  thing,  and 
we  are  to  that  extent  thankful  for  the 
cold  weather.  The  time  has  come,  how¬ 
ever,  to  warm  up,  and  T  hope  by  next 
week  to  give  a  record  of  actual  work. 

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1911. 


THE  RURAL*  NEW-YORKER 


646 


Ruralisms 

AUSTRALIAN  DESERT  KUMQUAT. 

Fig.  186  shows,  in  natural  size,  fruit 
of  the  desert  kumquat,  Atalantia 
glauca.  The  specimens  were  presented 
to  the  Plant  Introduction  Bureau  of  the 
U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  by  Mr. 
James  Pink,  of  Queensland,  Australia. 
The  Bureau  says  regarding  it : 

This  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  of 
all  Citrus  fruits  and  one  which,  curi¬ 
ously  enough,  has  never  yet  received 
adequate  attention  from  botanists  or 
horticulturists.  It  was  first  mentioned 
by  Leichardt,  the  German  explorer,  to 
whom  we  owe  much  of  our  knowledge 
concerning  the  interior  of  the  deserts 
of  northeastern  Australia.  It  is  a  shrub 
or  small  tree  from  12  to  15  feet  high, 
with  a  trunk  two  to  six  inches  in  di¬ 
ameter.  It  has  small  but  thick,  leathery 
leaves  of  gray-green  color  and  one  is 
struck  by  the  scantiness  of  the  foliage. 
The  flowers  are  small  and  the  fruits 
about  a  half  inch  in  diameter.  An 
agreeable  beverage  is  made  from  the 
acid  juice  and  a  fair  preserve  may  be 
made  out  of  the  fruit.  The  peel  has 
the  sweetish  flavor  of  the  kumquat.  It 
is  known  in  Australia  as  the  native 
lemon.  The  plant  was  described  botani- 
cally  in  a  footnote  to  Lt.  Col.  Thomas 
Livingston  Mitchell’s  “Journal  of  an  Ex- 


THE  AUSTRALIAN  DESERT  KUMQUAT. 
Fig.  186. 


pedition  into  the  Interior  of  Tropical 
Australia  in  Search  of  a  Route  from 
Sydney  to  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria.’’ 
This  plant  was  discovered  on  October 
17,  1846,  not  far  from  Lt.  Col.  Mitchell’s 
camp,  near  the  juncture  of  the  Maranoa 
and  Merevale  Rivers,  in  the  southern 
limit  of  Queensland.  Decidedly  cold 
weather  was  encountered  near  this  point, 
in  some  cases  the  ice  being  so  thick 
that  it  had  to  be  broken  in  the  morning 
before  the  horses  could  drink.  It  seems 
quite  probable  from  this  that  the  plant 
grows  in  a  region  where  the  tempera¬ 
ture  occasionally  falls  to  10°  F.  and  in 
rare  cases  nearly  to  zero.  It  is  the 
hardiest  of  all  evergreen  Citrus  fruits 
and  is  very  promising  for  use  in  breed¬ 
ing  new  and  hardy  types.  Not  only  has 
it  highly  developed  ability  to  withstand 
cold,  but  it  is  very  likely  to  have  an 
even  more  desirable  quality  of  being 
able  to  withstand  occasional  spells  of  hot 
weather  in  Winter,  a  quality  usually 
possessed  by  desert  plants  and  also 
characteristic  of  the  kumquat,  to  which 
this  plant  is  to  be  referred.  It  is  not  at 
all  impracticable  that  it  can  be  utilized 
in  its  present  form  in  many  parts  of 
Arizona,  as  well  as  in  some  parts  of 
southern  Utah,  Nevada  and  southern 
Oregon.  It  is  obviously  drought  re¬ 
sistant,  a  point  of  the  very  greatest  in¬ 
terest,  both  botanically  and  agricultur¬ 
ally,  and  its  introduction  into  the 
United  States  will  undoubtedly  lead  to 
the  inauguration  of  a  new  era  in  the 
breeding  of  Citrus  fruits.  This  very  in¬ 
teresting  fruit  is  now  introduced  for 
the  first  time  at  the  suggestion  of  Mr. 
Walter  T.  Swingle,  because  of  its  re¬ 
sistance  to  cold,  drought,  and  hot  spells 
during  Winter.  He  believes  it  may  be 
of  the  greatest  importance  in  the  breed¬ 
ing  of  Citrus  fruits.  The  seeds,  which 
are  quite  small,  germinate  very  readily, 
and  in  10  days  from  the  time  of  sowing 
in  the  greenhouse  were  an  inch  or  more 
in  height,  and  of  sufficient  strength  to 
be  inarched  on  two-year-old  stocks.  By 
this  means  it  is  hoped  that  within  two 
years  there  will  be  flowers  sufficient  for 
whatever  crosses  may  be  decided  to  be 
worth  while. 


Moving  Asparagus  Bed. 

T.  P.  W.,  Rye,  N.  Y. — I  have  a  flnc  as¬ 
paragus  bed,  five  or  six  years  old.  which  has 
borne  prolific-ally  for  the  past  three  years. 
I  am  moving  '  from  my  present  home  and 
should  like  to  take  the  bed  with  me.  Cat) 
I  do  this,  and  if  so  let  me  know  the  best 
way  in  which  to  dig  it  up? 

Ans. — Asparagus  plants  of  this  age 
have  great  vitality,  and  may,  with  due 
precaution,  be  moved  to  a  new  locality 
without  appreciable  loss,  but  experience 
has  shown  that  such  plants  rarely 
establish  themselves  well  enough,  even 
under  the  best  culture,  to  produce 
satisfactory  crops.  A  vigorous  five-year 
plant  may  have  roots  extending  as  many 
feet  in  all  directions,  and  it  is  only 
possible  to  secure  with  the  most  careful 
digging  a  portion  of  such  an  extensive 
root  system.  Broken  asparagus  roots 
soon  decay,  and  are  rarely  replaced  in 
old  plants  by  others  equally  effective, 
the  result  usually  being  a  permanently 
crippled  plant.  Better  start  anew  with 
selected  one  or  two-year  plants.  The 
outcome  will  be  far  more  satisfactory. 

w.  v.  ’  F. 


For  Apple  Scab 

ROWERS  who  have  used 
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as  detrimental  to  their  crops 
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for  special  prices.  We  ship  from  Boston,  Baltimore,  and  Cincinnati. 

ROWl^rP  INSECTICIDE  COMPANY, 

XX  VJ  ▼  ▼  XV  XLi  XV  43  CHATHAM  STREET,  BOSTON,  MASS. 


i# 


649 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER. 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes. 

Established  1850. 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  Street,  Kew  York. 

Herbert  W.  Collingwood,  President  and  Editor, 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Koylk,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR. 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  $2.04,  equal  to 
8s.  6d.,  or  8*2  marks,  or  10 'c  francs.  Remit  in  money  order, 
express  order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 


Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  tim< 
orders.  References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to 
us;  and  cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

"A  SQUARE  DEAL.” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a 
responsible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any 
loss  to  paid  subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler 
advertising  in  our  columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  ex¬ 
posed.  We  protect  subcribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee 
to  adjust  trifling  differences  between  subscribers  and  honest,  respon¬ 
sible  advertisers.  Neither  will  wo  be  responsible  for  the  debts  of 
honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts.  Notice  of  the  complaint 
must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of  the  transaction, 
and  you  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker  when 
writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

We  have  mentioned  the  subject  full  many  a  time; 
you  have  heard  it  in  prose — now  we  try  it  in  rhyme. 
Your  meadows  are  scanty,  you’re  short  of  good  hay! 
How  can  you  get  out  of  the  hole?  The  best  way  is  to 
turn  the  soil  over  as  soon  as  you  please,  and  put  in  a 
seeding  of  good  oats  and  peas.  Don’t  sow  the  cow 
pea — it  will  rot  in  the  ground  when  planted  so  early, 
the  best  thing  we’ve  found  is  the  Canada  pea — sow  a 
bushel  or  so  on  an  acre  then  plow  some  five  inches, 
then  go  and  sow  some  three  bushels  of  oats  from  the 
bin,  and  then  take  a  harrow  and  harrow  them  in.  Then 
let  them  alone  and  go  on  with  your  job.  You  may 
think  Canadian  free  trade  will  rob  the  American  farmer 
but  listen  to  me — you  will  never  be  robbed  by  the 
Canada  pea. 

<  * 

You  will  have  to  admit,  after  all,  that  there  are 
two  good  sides  to  this  proposition  of  figuring  the 
products  from  a  hen.  One  of  them  is  given  on  page 
538.  Suppose  two  men  start  on  January  1 — each  with 
$100.  One  buys  two  cows,  the  other  80  hens.  They 
agree  to  compare  notes  for  a  year  and  see  which  $100 
will  prove  most  productive !  If  the  cow  man  can  add 
four  calves  to  his  herd  during  the  year,  why  should 
'he  not  add  their  value  to  that  of  the  milk  or  butter? 
If  the  hen  man  can  add  300  chickens  and  make  some 
of  the  pullets  lay  during  the  year,  why  is  he  not  justi¬ 
fied  in  counting  it  all  in?  It  all  comes  originally 
from  the  80  hens  or  the  $100.  If  the  hen  is  more 
productive  than  the  cow,  that  may  prove  an  argu¬ 
ment  in  her  favor.  Why  is  not  the  hen  man  justified 
in  counting  everything  which  his  original  $100  gives 
him  during  the  year? 

* 

The  more  you  study  into  this  Guernsey  cow  case, 
the  more  the  wonder  grows.  Our  understanding  is 
that  those  cows  never  gave  any  of  that  “liquid  butter” 
or  nine  per  cent  milk  when  watched  or  supervised 
by  outside  parties.  We  mean  unprejudiced  people 
who  had  no  interest  in  the  cow.  We  are  informed 
that  whenever  representatives  of  several  stations 
supervised  the  test  the  milk  regularly  dropped  tb 
about  five  per  cent  fat.  If  we  are  wrong  in  this,  will 
Mr.  Taylor  or  Mr.  Hammond  set  us  right?  In  many 
respects  this  is  one  of  the  most  important  cases  which 
has  yet  come  before  a  cattle  breeders’  association.  We 
believe  that  the  Guernsey  Cattle  Club,  both  officers 
and  members  in  good  majority,  view  these  tests  with 
suspicion,  and  would  not  willingly  let  them  go  with¬ 
out  further  verification.  They  would  have  no  official 
standing  to-day,  we  believe,  hut  for  a  Supreme  Court 
injunction.  They  stand  on  the  record,  therefore,  as 
judge-made  rather  than  cow-made.  It  seems  to  us 
that  in  order  to  stamp  them  as  cow-made  the  cows 
should  “come  back”  with  some  of  that  nine  per  cent 
milk — not  with  a  few  pounds,  but  when  in  good  flow. 

* 

The  House  of  Representatives  passed  a  resolution 
calling  for  popular  election  of  United  States  Senators. 
There  was  little  or  no  opposition.  Anyone  who  will 
get  out  among  the  people  can  quickly  learn  the 
strength  of  the  demand  for  this  reform.  The  Senate 
is  now  to  act  on  .the  resolution.  It  was  lost  in  the 
last  Congress  through  the  votes  of  “lame  ducks.”  These 
hindrances  are  Senators  who  have  been  defeated  for 
election — repudiated  by  their  States,  and  who  use 
the  last  days  of  official  life  to  gratify  personal  spite 
or  kill  off  some  reform.  These  “lame  ducks”  killed 


the  plan  for  popular  election  of  Senators  and  “puri¬ 
fied”  Lorimer  of  Illinois.  Among  the  lamest  of  these 
ducks  were  Depew  of  New  York,  Kean  of  New  Jer¬ 
sey,  Dick  of  Ohio  and  Scott  of  West  Virginia.  The 
new  Senators  from  New  York  and  New  Jersey, 
O'Gorman  and  Martine,  are  both  in  favor  of  the 
resolution.  We  think  it  will  now  pass  and  become  a 
law.  Let  us  never  forget  what  a  chance  New  York 
State  missed  when  the  resolution  came  up  in  March. 
It  was  defeated  by  four  votes.  Senators  Root  and 
Depew  both  voted  against  it.  Had  they  voted  for  it 
the  count  would  have  been  a  tie.  It  would  have  been 
decided  by  Vice-President  Sherman,  also  from  New 
York,  and  all  this  time  a  large  majority  of  New  York 
people  are  in  favor  of  this  reform ! 

* 

Would  it  be  possible  or  policy  for  an  average  farmer 
to  hire  a  man  who  understands  farm  economy  as  well 
as  farm  management  to  watch  progress  for  a  short  time 
and  then  point  out  weak  points  in  the  said  fanner's 
system?  The  elimination  of  weak  points  has  been  the 
making  of  our  present-day  trusts,  and  I  want  to  apply 
their  good  methods  to  agriculture.  T.  w.  a. 

Ilolley,  N.  Y. 

It  will  depend  on  the  man.  It  he  is  practical  and 
is  in  sympathy  with  farming  and  also  knows  the 
scientific  side  of  it  he  could  help.  Such  a  man’s  ser¬ 
vices  would  be  valuable,  and  it  would  pay  to  employ 
him.  If,  however,  he  were  a  pure  scientist  who  knew 
little  about  the  real  life  of  a  farmer  it  is  doubtful  if 
he  would  pay.  There  ought  to  be  a  good  opening  for 
broad-minded  and  successful  farmers  of  mature  years 
to  go  about  in  this  way  and  study  farm  methods. 
Manufacturers  and  railroad  men  hire  experts  in  this 
way,  let  them  go  free  to  study  methods  and  report. 
But  no  man  however  wise  can  help  a  farmer  in  this 
way  unless  he  has  some  sympathy  with  farming. 

* 

Why  did  not  President  Taft  handle  parcels  post  as 
he  did  Canadian  reciprocity ?  If  he  had  waited  until 
the  end  of  Congress  and  then,  without  warning,  de¬ 
manded  a  bill  granting  parcels  post  and  jammed  it 
through  zvith  all  the  pozver  at  his  command  he  would 
have  ranked  in  history  as  a  great  President !” 

That,  in  substance,  is  what  thousands  of  farmers 
are  writing  their  Congressmen.  It  has  reached 
President  Taft  himself.  We  believe  it  is  true  that 
if  the  Republican  leaders  had  shown  even  common 
interest  in  parcels  post  and  even  started  a  fair  experi¬ 
ment  with  it  they  would  have  held  control  of  Con¬ 
gress.  We  have  evidence  to  show  that  a  score  of  them 
were  defeated  because  they  would  not  rise  above  “care¬ 
ful  consideration”  when  farmers  asked  where  they  stood. 
For  there  is  more  to  this  parcels  post  proposition 
than  the  politicians  seem  to  think.  The  people  now 
brand  the  “careful  consideration”  Congressman  as 
either  a  tool  of  the  express  companies  and  monopolies 
or  else  afraid  of  them.  A  Congress  of  tools  and 
cowards  is  worse  for  this  nation  than  a  vampire  suck¬ 
ing  the  blood  of  the  living.  Judged  in  all  its  '•bear¬ 
ings  the  question  of  a  fair  parcels  post  is  the  greatest 
one  now  before  this  country — larger  than  the  tariff 
or  any  other.  The  Democrats  are  now  working  and 
studying  to  gain  the  confidence  of  the  country  and 
elect  a  President.  It  is  safe  to  say  that  they  never 
can  do  it  unless  they  make  parcels  post  a  supreme 
issue  and  either  pass  a  bill  or  pledge  themselves  to 
do  so. 

* 

Every  year  we  have  a  good  many  questions  about 
the  danger  of  leaving  stock  in  grass  orchards  which 
are  being  sprayed.  There  would  of  course  be  no 
particular  danger  when  using  oil  or  lime  sulphur.  In 
the  case  of  spraying  poisons  to  kill  leaf-eating  insects 
many  experiments  have  been  conducted,  and  the  gen¬ 
eral  verdict  is  that  there  is  nothing  to  fear  from  Hie 
ordinary  careful  spraying.  The  grass  grows  rapidly 
during  the  spraying  season,  and  a  day  or  so  after  the 
spraying  would  not  carry  enough  of  the  poison  to 
injure  an  animal.  There  would  be  some  danger  if 
the  drainings  from  a  spray  tank  were  left  on  top  of 
the  ground,  or  if  too  much  liquid  were  put  on  one 
place.  Stock  has  abnormal  tastes  at  times,  and  might 
lick  over  such  places.  With  careful  spraying,  however, 
we  would  not  fear  to  let  stock  pasture  the  orchard. 
As  a  matter  of  precaution  we  would  keep  them  out  for 
48  hours  after  spraying.  A  few  years  ago  the  Massa¬ 
chusetts  Experiment  Station  experimented  with  some 
cattle  by  feeding  day  after  day  small  quantities  of 
arsenic.  This  was  fed  in  the  feed  or  in  capsules. 
These  cattle  were  all  affected,  some  dying.  These 
experiments  do  not  indicate  danger  from  pasturing 
stock,  for  quick-growing  grass  is  a  very  different 
thing  from  grain  and  artificially  poisoned  hay.  They  do, 
however,  indicate  a  chance  for  danger  when  hay  is 
used  from  orchards  which  were  carelessly  sprayed 
when  the  grass  was  nearly  ripe. 


April  29, 

The  government  has  already  “withdrawn  from  entry” 
the  following  areas  of  public  phosphate  land : — 

Acres. 

Montana  .  33,950 

Florida  .  37,439 

Idaho  . 1,101,517 

Utah  . 107,745 

Wyoming  . . . 1 ,267,494 

Total . . 2,548,145 

This  means  public  land  underlaid  by  phosphate 

rock  which  is  the  chief  source  of  phosphoric  acid  in 
fertilizers.  It  was  found  that  these  phosphate  beds 
were  going  into  the  hands  of  private  owners,  and  that 
more  than  half  the  American  production  was  going 
out  of  the  country.  Now  the  Government  will  hold 
on  to  this  phosphate  and  see  that  it  is  used  for  the 
benefit  of  Americans — as  it  should  be.  The  greater 
part  of  this  phosphate  is  in  the  Ear  West,  close  to 
copper  smelters,  where  large  volumes  of  sulphuric 

acid  fumes  escape.  These  will  some  day  be  saved  for 

treating  the  phosphate  and  thus  give  us  cheaper  fer¬ 
tilizers.  We  still  lack  American  supplies  of  available 
potash.  There  are  vast  stores  of  this  material  in  rocks 
and  waters,  and  the  Government  should  not  object  to 
any  reasonable  expense  needed  to  learn  to  make  this 
potash  available. 

* 

We  have  heard  .rom  a  dozen  States  endorsing  the 
suggestion  for  a  farmer’s  group  or  party  after  the  plan 
of  the  German  agrarians.  The  present  situation  at 

Washington  clinches  the  argument  for  such  a  farmer’s 
party.  The  House  has  passed  the  Canadian  reciprocity 
bill  and  it  goes  to  the  Senate.  The  House  will  pass 
various  free  trade  bills.  No  one  seems  to  expect 
that  the  Senate  as  at  present  made  up  will  ever  pass 
these  free  trade  bills,  or  that  President  Taft  would 
sign  them.  The  President  wants  the  reciprocity  bill 
passed,  but  the  farmers  have  protested  so  powerfully 
against  its  unjust  provisions  that  its  passage  is  doubt¬ 
ful  in  the  present  shape  or  alone.  If  the  so-called 
“farmer’s  free  list”  had  been  made  a  part  of  the 
reciprocity  measure  the  combination  would  probably 
have  gone  through,  though  the  President  might  veto 
it.  As  it  stands  the  whole  thing  looks  like  playing 
for  effect.  The  Democrats  want  the  lower  tariff  but 
they  do  not  want  to  face  the  responsibility  for  a  busi¬ 
ness  depression  just  before  the  next  election.  The 
Republicans  are  frightened  at  the  attitude  of  the  farm¬ 
ers  and  would  hardly  dare  antagonize  the  manufac¬ 
turers.  At  the  same  time  they  realize  that  the  “high 
cost  of  living”  cry  from  the  consumers  must  he  at¬ 
tended  to.  So  there  they  are  playing  back  and  forth 
for  political  advantage.  Neither  side  apparently  dares 
offend  the  express  companies  and  railroads  and  de¬ 
mand  a  fair  parcels  post.  Now  anyone  can  see  what 
would  happen  if  we  had  in  Congress  75  or  100  mem¬ 
bers  who  knew  that  they  were  put  there  first  of  all 
to  stand  for  agriculture !  They  might  be  Democrats 
or  Republicans  on  party  issues,  but  they  would  not  be 
there  unless  they  were  pledged  to  put  the  interests 
of  agriculture  above  all  else.  That  is  what  we  mean 
by  a  group  like  that  of  the  German  agrarians.  Right 
now  we  have  an  illustration  of  what  such  a  group  or 
party  could  do  for  us.  We  must  stand  and  take  whaf 
these  scheming  politicians  see  fit  to  throw  in  our 
direction,  simply  because  we  cannot  give  evident  ex¬ 
pression  to  the  power  which  our  numbers  and  im¬ 
portance  would  justify.  Look  at  it  from  any  point 
you  will,  there  is  no  longer  any  hope  for  the  farmer 
in  ordinary  party  politics.  He  must  run  his  own 
machine. 


BREVITIES. 

We  have  begun  early  to  talk  about  vetch,  for  wo  want 
you  to  try  it  this  Summer  and  Fall. 

In  England  a  steam  roller  “ran  away”  and  was  not 
caught  until  it  reached  the  next  county. 

Many  Southern  towns  have  what  they  call  “cleaning-up 
day.”  All  hands  take  a  day  off  and  clean  up  the  yard. 

I'LL  sing  you  now  about  the  cow  who  makes  the  dairy 
fail — she  puts  her  fat  upon  her  back  and  not  into  the 
pail. 

You  cannot  beat  the  Canada  field  pea  for  a  Spring 
legume — for  improving  the  soil  or  producing  feed. 

It  seems  a  little  strange  that  no  one  has  offered  to 
match  a  good  brood  sow  against  the  cow  or  the  10  hens. 
Properly  handled  a  good  sow  is  a  fine  farm  citizen. 

The  new  way  of  preventing  onion  smut  is  to  use  a  solu¬ 
tion  of  formaldehyde  when  sowing  the  seed.  This  is  done 
by  using  a  drip  attachment  on  the  seed  drill.  A  brief 
statement  about  it  is  found  on  page  540. 

Some  of  the  local  papers  which  are  supposed  to  provide 
news  for  farmers  are  getting  off  about  the  poorest  sample 
of  baby  talk  over  “reciprocity”  that  ever  went  in  print. 
They  should  be  chased  up  and  cornered. 

One  of  the  surest  ways  to  increase  the  value  of  the 
oats  crop  In  any  section  would  be  to  have  every  farmer 
soak  the  seed  in  farmaldehyde  before  sowing.  This 
would  kill  out  smut  and  give  that  section  an  advertising 
and  a  reputation  that  would  “trim”  it. 


547 


1911 


the  rural  new-yok kkr 


there  is  any  legal  way  to  get  this  money 
we  are  going  to  get  it,  and  what  work 
we  do  on  it  will  not  cost  them  a  cent. 
No  bluff  about  reorganization  will 
satisfy  these  claims.  It  will  take  about 
$30,000  in  cold  cash  in  hand  to  settle 
them.  That  is  the  terms  on  which  he 
can  get  possession  of  these  securities. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC.— Verdicts  of  $20,000  award¬ 
ed  to  Orlavus  Juve,  who  lost  four  fingers 
on  his  right  hand,  and  to  John  J.  Mc- 
Glvnn,  who  lost  his  loft  hand  by  holding 
back  an  iron  girder  which  threatened  to 
fall  and  crush  out  the  lives  of  half  a  dozen 
of  their  fellow  workmen  employed  in  build¬ 
ing  the  Queensboro  Bridge,  have  been 
unanimously  affirmed  by  the  Appellate 
Division  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  Brooklyn. 
The  injured  workmen  will  now  receive  the 
award  with  interest  and  costs.  They  sued 
the  Pennsylvania  Steel  Company.  The  acci¬ 
dent  occurred  on  December  11,  190  <,  when 
a  big  iron  girder  was  being  hoisted  into 
place  on  one  of  the  bridge  towers.  It  began 
slipping,  and  was  caught  by  Juve  and  Mc- 
Glvun.who  held  on  to  the  mass  despite  the 
fact  that  it  was  carrying  them  inch  by  inch 
to  a  point  where  their  hands  would  be 
caught  between  the  slowly  moving  girder 
and  the  stationary  iron  work. 

Creditors’  petitions  in  bankruptcy  were 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

Trying  to  “Swipe”  the  Evidence. 

It  makes  me  boil  with  indignation  to 
think  that  E.  G.  Lewis  has  the  audacity 
to  propose  another  scheme  to  American 
women.  When  I  read  in  the  St.  Louis 
papers  of  April  12  that  he  “had  assigned 
everything  on  earth  that  he  had”  to  a 
committee  of  three  trustees,  I  believed  it. 

I  knew  he  owed  the  publishers  a  great  deal 
of  money,  and  this  was  a  virtual  bank¬ 
ruptcy  in  their  favor.  But  the  Weekly 
gives"  another  view.  It  is  a  skillful  plan 
which  would  bring  into  Ms  possession  all 
the  alleged  incriminating  evidence  against 
him.  All  notes,  bonds,  books,  pool  certifi¬ 
cates,  debentures,  etc.,  are  asked  to  be  turn¬ 
ed  over  to  him,  so  that  evidences  of  long 
overdue  promises  will  be  at  once  lost  for¬ 
ever.  However  fraudulently  obtained,  pos¬ 
session  is  10  points  of  the  law,  and  the 
real  owner  is  powerless.  Absolute  power 
is  given  to  discontinue  old  companies,  form 
new  ones,  etc.  But  no  promises  are  made. 

Worthless  as  these  securities  have  proven, 
still  they  were  definite  promises,  and  fur¬ 
nished  a  legal  hold  on  Mr.  Lewis.  No 
return  of  any  value  is  guaranteed  by.  this 
commission,  so  Mr.  Lewis  will  be  relieved 
of  the  responsibility  of  all  his  promises, 
a  consummation  he  has  been  seeking  for 
months.  Surely  no  one  will  throw  over 
evidence  of  indebtedness  on  any  such  plan. 

This  test  is  to  divide  the  sheep  from  the 
goats  I  wonder  how  many  fleeces  Mr. 

Lewis  will  carry  off  this  time.  I  hope  the 
women  will  notice  that  he  said  months 
ago  he  had  made  over  everything  to 
the  Builders’  Fund  !  What  had  become 
of  the  glowing  promises  made  then?  If 
he  had  made  over  anything  then,  he  could 
not  make  it  over  now.  Do  not  these 
eminent  trustees  of  the  Builders  Fund  feel 
some  responsibility  for  the  thousands  of 
dollars  sent  in  on  the  strength  of  then 
honorable  guarantee?  N.  M.  texer. 

Every  mail  now  brings  letters  like 
the  above  from  women  who  realize  at 
last  that  Lewis  has  played  them  false 
First  he  promised  two  millions  of 
stock  as  an  endowment  to  the  League. 

Next  he  promised  the  same  thing  to  the 

Founders  Chapter;  and  said  the  stock  (jooooo  guarantee  were:  Joseph  B.  Reich- 

wnnlrl  nav  100  oer  cent,  profit  the  first  mann,  William  A.  Keener,  Liston  L.  Lewis 
would  pay  ,  1  ,  .,  .  nu,i  (ioorge  C.  Smith.  With  Cummins,  Con- 

year.  Then  he  said  he  turned  this  with  d(m  and  SM0ore<  they  guaranteed  other  big 

everything  he  had  over  to  the  Builders  obligations,  such  as  the  $2,100,000  that 
everyin  I1J,  nc  *  Rnrrnw  more  Cummins  got  from  Andrew  Carnegie,  the 

Fund — his  straw  man  to  borrow  mo  “ei,  note8bfor  $390,000  and  loans  obtained 
money  on  debentures.  Now  he  says  Cummins  from  the  National  Reserve 

a  era  in  that  he  turned  everything  over  to  Bank  and  other  banks  and  trust  companies, 
again  tnat  ne  turneu  eve  j  s  f  Cummins.  liabilities  the  petitioners  put  at 

a  new  set  of  trustees.  He  told  }  ou  qqo  000,  with  assets  of  $400,000.  From 

the  $26  000,000  the  League  was  to  have  cummins.  Brewster  claims  $30,000,  Hat- 

as  an  endowment  fund;  but  he  now  ad-  field  $9,644  and  Watson  $80,000. 
as  an  endowment  ,  .  ,  Judge  H  C-  Niles,  in  the  Federal  Dis¬ 

trict  Court,  at  Aberdeen,  Miss.,  April  13, 
sentenced  J.  H.  Miller,  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  Steele,  Miller  &  Co.,  who  was  found 


first  tornado  was  reported  at  Eskridge, 
Kan.  Here  many  houses  were  destroyed 
and  much  damage  done  to  crops,  the  damage 
in  Brown  County  being  put  at  $300,000. 
The  storm  swept  on  to  Powhatan  and 
Netawaka,  Kan.,  nearby  towns,  then  off  to 
the  northwest.  Hiawatha  and  Manville, 
Kan ,  were  struck,  and  here  three  persons 
were  killed  and  much  property  damage  done. 
Later  a  tornado  struck  Lawrence,  Kan., 
killing  two  persons,  injuring  twelve,  and 
doing  damage  estimated  at  $175,000.  This 
storm  swept  the  town  from  the  southwest 
to  the  northeast,  and,  after  passing  over 
the  Kansas  River,  continued  toward  Leaven¬ 
worth.  The  local  company  of  militia  was 
drilling  and  did  noc  know  that  there  was 
a  storm  until  the  roof  had  been  taken  off 
their  building,  and  as  the  last  of  thein 
dashed  out  of  the  front  door,  the  second 
floor  fell  in.  A  side  of  the  county  jail 
was  torn  down  and  about  30  prisoners  made 
a  dash  for  liberty,  but  only  three  succeeded 
in  escaping.  An  hour  after  the  first  tornado 
struck  Eskridge,  Kan.,  a  tornado  swept 
through  Oklahoma  and  parts  of  Arkansas 
and  Southwest  Missouri.  At  St.  Louis  an 
eight-story  grain  elevator,  valued  at  $700,- 
000  in  the  extreme  northern  end  of  the 
citv,  on  the  Burlington  tracks,  was  blown 
into  the  Mississippi  River.  The  Bryan 
Hill  Public  School,  also  in  the  north  end, 
collapsed  during  the  storm.  Two  women 
arc  reported  to  have  died  from  fright,  mak- 
ing  three  deaths  in  St.  Louis  traceable  to 
the  storm.  The  damage  was  particularly 
heavy  in  the  west  end,  north  side  and  in 
St  Louis  County,  where  many  greenhouses 
were  demolished  by  the  hailstones,  which 
measured  more  than  two  inches  in  diameter. 


crop  of  good  fruit  under  difficulties  is  to 
spray  unceasingly  and  never  give  up  even 
when  p<*ople  say  there  is  nothing  left  to 
spray  for.  I  have  too  often  seen  the  grower 
quit,  thinking  he  had  nothing  to  spray  but 
the  trees,  and  when  it  was  too  late  he 
could  see  that  he  had  a  fair  crop  of  worth¬ 
less  fruit  because  he  had  not  sprayed  it. 
One  should  spray  anyway  for  the  foliage, 
and  it  is  likely  there  may  be  fruit  enough 
to  pay  the  expenses  and  nearly  always  to 
make  a  profit.  Several  fruit  farms  have 
changed  hands  at  advanced  figures,  and 
land  suitable  for  fruit  is  bringing  more 
money  when  located  on  a  good  road.  Some 
cheap  farms  can  be  bought  yet,  though,  as 
the  writer  recently  secured  a  large  hill 
farm  from  an  old  settler  who  could  uo 
longer  care  for  it  properly,  and  it  had  been 
neglected  and  grown  up  to  weeds  and 
bushes.  It  is  now  being  planted  to  apples, 
with  hopes  of  a  good  investment.  A  full 
carload  of  blue  vitriol  was  brought  in  here, 
besides  all  the  local  shipments  and  other 
spraying  material,  and  it  is  time  to  begin 
to  use  it.  As  the  Bordeaux  seldom  injures 
Rome  Beauty,  most  growers  will  continue 
to  use  it  with  arsenate  of  lead,  and  we 
can’t  control  the  Codling  moth  with  one 
application,  nor  two  either,  but  we  think 
it  requires  four,  and  the  last  about  the 
last  of  July  or  the  first  of  August.  The 
scab  may  do  untold  injury  also  if  the  fruit 
and  foliage  are  not  kept  covered  with  a 
fungicide  as  they  develop.  We  use  Bordeaux 
four  times,  also  after  the  bloom  drops,  the 
2-5-50  formula,  and  put  on  heavily  with 
power  sprayers.  . 

A  few  growers  of  good  fruit  organized 
last  Spring  under  the  name  of  the  Rome 
Beauty  Growers’  Association,  and  purchased 


three  of  the  seven 
who  piitT  their  names  to  a  $1,000,000  guaran¬ 
tee  that  Comptroller  Frendergast,  of  New 
York  City,  exacted  from  the  Carnegie  Trust 
Company  while  Chamberlain  Hyde  was  on 
vacation  in  Europe  to  cover  what  is  now 


$650,000  of  city  money  on  deposit  m  the  of  one  ot  then  operators.  ne 
Carnegie.  The  $650,000  is  tied  up  in-  found  on  the  death  of  Mary 
definitely.  The  bankers’  committee  that  is  young  operatoi,  was 


definitely.  - _ — _  - 

advising  Bank  Superintendent  Cheney  as 
to  how  much  can  be  squeezed  out_  of  the 
Carnegie’s  assets  finds  that  (  u  mm  ins  and 
his  associates  got  the  company’s  affairs 
into  such  a  tangle  that  it  will  be  impossible 
for  many  weeks  to  tell  what  depositors 
will  get.  The  other  names  on  this  $L,- 


Place,  New  York,  fire,  returned  a  verdict 
April  17  finding  Isaac  Harris  and  Max 
Blanck,  proprietors  of  the  Triangle  Shirt¬ 
waist  Company,  responsible  for  the  death 
of  one  of  their  operators.  The  verdict  was 

"  ”  -y  Herman,  a 
_  seen  running 

toward  the' door  on  the  Washington  Place 
side  of  the  building  on  the  ninth  floor, 
and  was  seen  to  try  the  knob  of  the  door, 
finding  it  locked,  according  to  witnesses. 
The  jury  also  considered  the  death  ot  Rosie 
Grasso,  ‘  whose  body  was  found  burned  on 
the  ninth  floor,  near  the  locked  door  on 
the  Washington  Place  side,  and  quickly  ar¬ 
rived  at  a  verdict  finding  Harris  and  Blanck 
responsible  in  that  case  also.  The  jury 
was  concerned  mostly  with  framing  piac- 
tical  recommendations  tending  to  prevent 
such  disasters  in  the  future.  On  the  jury 
of  10  men  were  experienced  engineers,  arehi- 

J...  l.niMnra  nn3  thCV  Silent  UlUCh 


grade  selling  for  less  than  $4.  Of  course, 
we  have  to  pay  for  cold  storage  and  com¬ 
mission  out  of  that,  and  put  cushions  in 
the  barrels  to  take  up  the  slack,  or  plug 
them  to  make  them  tight.  We  can’t  hope 
to  get  such  prices  always. 

Lawren$e  County,  Ohio.  m.  t.  cox. 


mits  that  it  is  not  able  to  pay  its  bills, 
and  even  the  cups  in  its  possession  have 
been  covered  by  the  chattel  mortgage. 

No  wonder  the  women  of  the  so-called  fears' ln“priso'F  and  to  pay  a  fine  of  oe  ace 

League  “boil  with  indignation  when  oob.  L.  C.  Steele  and  C.  H.  G.  Linde,  t®“ded 


-  -  -  ,  ,  —  —  - -  .  ...  I2®»  automatic  sprinklers  and  more  frequent  in- 

he  now  impudently  appeals ;  to  then,  for  who  .«Ji  w*  Eto  .peetions  ate  recommended, 

more  money.  For  ten  years  he  has  been  isonmfnt  and  a  fine  of  $10,000  each, 

at  the  game.  Read  the  list  of  accounts  The  men  were  members  of  the  cotton  firm 
on  which  he  has  coiiected  .noney  in  his 


Four  Socialist  mayors  were  elected  in 
Illinois  cities  April  18 — at  Granite  (  lty, 
Grafton.  O’Fallon  and  at  Davis,  m  Stephen- 

—  - -  „  ,  .  ,  •  ,  Whicn  railed  several  muiuus  agu.  »«»  son  County.  Neither  “wets”  nor  “drys 

own  paper.  Recall  what  he  said  about  cjiar„e(j  at  the  time  of  the  failure  that  scored  any  decided  victory. 

'  --t-ii-t-i —  frau3nlent  bills  of  lading,  amounting  to 


THE  NEED  OF  A  FARMERS’  PARTY. 

The  Present  Situation  Analyzed. 

Since  the  publication  of  your  editorial 
advocating  the  formation  of  a  party  dis¬ 
tinctly  agrarian,  the  parties  now  in  Con¬ 
gress  have  shown  what  interest  they  take 
in  the  welfare  of  the  farmer  and  of  his 
industry.  In  my  opinion  the  result  fully 
supports  your  position  ;  and  until  we  under¬ 
take  such  a  course,  the  farmer  must  expect 
to  be  made  a  catspaw  for  the  politician 
and  the  officeholder.  There  can  be  no  doubt 
that  there  is  in  both  the  old  parties  an 
inherent  incompetence  to  deal  with  ques¬ 
tions  according  to  their  true  economic  na¬ 
ture  and  bearing.  The  existence  of  two 
parties  resting  upon  broad  foundations  of 
principle,  and  attempting  to  compose  con¬ 
flicting  interests  lias  been  favorable  to  the 
growth  of  the  politician  as  a  separate  class, 
having  interests  of  his  own  as  distinct  from 
the  body  of  voters  whom  he  professes  to 
- - -v - -  .  ..  represent.  With  him  the  primary  question 

for  permits  for  erection  and  alteiation  shall  is  lnot  w Aether  a  particular  policy  will  in- 

stituents,  but  “how 
my  votes  win  mis  particular  measure 
gain  or  lose  for  me?”  It  is  in  this  way 
that  a  party  policy  is  formulated  or  modi- 


tects  and  builders,  and  they  spent  much 
time  getting  at  their  recommendations.  The 
jury  after  the  formal  finding  as  to  Harris 
and  Blanck,  criticises  most  severely  the 
crowding  of  the  room  with  tables  for  ma¬ 
chines,  thus  making  it  harder  to  reach  fire 
escapes  an<l  stairways,  and  says  such  ciowu- 
inc  should  be  prevented.  It  recommends 
that  the  Bnreau  of  Buildings  have  power 
to  enforce  its  orders,  and  that  applications 


guilty  ^  fraudulently  ^using  the  mails  to  ^statement  of  the  in 

ded  use  of  the  building.  £ire  drills,  ^  v~otes  this  particuh 


the  profits  of  his  publishing  business 
when  he  was  inducing  you  to  buy  the 
stock ;  and  remember  his  later  admis¬ 
sion  that  the  monthlies  had  lost  money 
for  years.  Recall  again  the  profits  he 
was  to  make  out  of  the  daily,  and  see 
what  has  become  of  it  now,  six  months 
later.  It  is  our  information  and  our  be¬ 
lief  that  he  never  made  a  profit  for  any 
length  of  time  out  of  any  of  his  pub¬ 
lishing  ventures.  His  papers  have  been 
used  mainly  for  years  as  circula.  3  or 
advertising'  media  to  promote  his 
schemes  and  to  collect  money  from 
country  people. 

From  the  fact  that  the  Federal  Gov¬ 
ernment  is  investigating  his  numerous 
schemes  it  is  evident  that  complaints 
have  been  made  alleging  fraud  in  the 
process  of  getting  the  money.  The  al¬ 
leged  reorganization  is  evidently  .  made 


$7,000,000,  had  been  issued  by  the  firm. 
Indictments  were  found  against  Miller, 
Steele  and  Linde,  charging  that  fraudulent 
hills  of  lading  were  sent  through  the  United 
States  mails.  All  three  men  were  given 
sentences  of  two  years  and  a  fine  of  $10,- 
000.  Miller  was  then  sentenced  to  an  addi¬ 
tional  five  years’  imprisonment  and  fined 
an  additional  $1,000,  making  his  punish¬ 
ment  seven  years  in  the  penitentiary  with 
a  total  fine  of  $11,000. 

To  a  fire  drill  taught  immediately  after 
the  Triangle  Waist  Factory  disaster,  45 


FARM  AND  GARDEN.— Owing  to  the  un¬ 
foreseen  closing  of  part  of  the  Hot!  man 
House,  the  annual  meeting  of  the  American 
Jersey  Cattle  Club  will  be  held  at  Hotel 
Manhattan,  42d  street  and  Madison  avenue 
New  York  City,  on  May  3,  1911,  at  11 
o’clock  a.  m. 

The  Massachusetts  State  Board  of  Agri¬ 
culture  will  hold  an  asparagus  planting 
demonstration  under  the  direction  of  the 
Massachusetts  Asparagus  Growers  Associa¬ 
tion  There  will  be  a  demonstration  ot 
nlanting,  fertilizing  and  caring  for  aspara- 
the  crounds  of  the  Asparagus  Ex¬ 


girls  oweXir  prompt  escape"  April  13  from  gus;  on  the  grounds  of  the  A^aragu^  Ex¬ 
flames  that  wrecked  the  Manhattan  Soap  ^  A  -30  o’clock  p  m  Saturday  April 

Company’s  six-story  building,  at  55Q-Su4  Mass. °  pXscott  president  < 


of  the 

also  descended  the  escapes  neiore  rue  wiirc^dn^the^lmonstratio^  Thfch 

aided  by  mflammable^chemicals,^  tion,  wil^conaocx  z^a  necegsary  in  the 

cultivation  of  this  important  vegetable.  It 
is  hoped  that  a  large  number  of  people 


to  the  higher  floors.  The  building  and  con¬ 
tents  were  destroyed,  and  the  loss  was  esti¬ 
mated  at  $150,000. 

The  grandstand  at  the  New  York  Polo 
Grounds,  where  McGraw’s  National  League 
Giants  wore  beaten  April  12  and  lo,  was 
burned  April  14.  The  bleachers  were 
scorched  for  a  distance  of  100  feet  both 


with  the  purpose,  of |  getting :  the  evidence  w.y^.na  »n  •}*>£ 


of  alleged  criminal  responsibility  back 
into  his  own  hands.  If  there  was  any 
property  to  justify  reorganization,  the 
way  to  do  it  would  be  for  some  one  to 
put  up  money  to  pay  the  debts,  but  no 
one  proposes  to  put  up  a  penny  for  that 
purpose.  They  depend  entirely  on  Mr. 
Lewis’  ability  to  borrow  more  money 
on  hot  air  from  country  people.  Time 
after  time  be  promised  an  accounting. 
In  January  be  said  the  publishers  bad 
loaned  him  a  half  million.  But  the  pub* 
lishers  insisted  on  an  accounting  before 
they  would  extend  credit  for  subscrip¬ 
tions.  The  accountants  worked  two 
months  and  quit.  The  publishers  got 
far  enough  to  see  that  they  did  not  want 
to  extend  credit,  much  less  loan  money^ 
The  scheme  is  now  abandoned.  The 
debenture  scheme  was  a  failure.  It  is 
also  abandoned.  Now  you  are  asked  to 
wipe  the  slate ;  to  forget  all  the  prom¬ 
ises  and  leave  your  savings  with  Mr. 
Lewis  to  do  with  as  he  pleases. 

Women  in  sickness  and  distress  write 
us  almost  daily  telling  us  of  money  sent 
Lewis  years  ago,  and  of  his  indifference 
to  their  pleadings  for  the  return  of  it. 

Our  advice  is  to  refuse  to  send  your 
papers  to  Mr.  Lewis  or  his  alleged  com¬ 
mittee.  We  have  now  over  $30,000  of 
claims  against  him  from  our  subscribers, 
and  it  is  increasing  almost  daily.  If 


said  by  the  manager  of  the  grounds  that 
the  loss  would  be  covered  by  $25,000.  pro¬ 
vided  receipts  to  ball  games  weren't  greatly 
interfered  with.  The  stands  had  recently 
been  put  in  shape  at  a  cost  of  about  $40,- 
000.  Other  estimates  made  the  total  loss 
$150,000,  including  that  of  the  Interborough 
Company. 

Republican  Senators  vied  with  Demo¬ 
crats  at  Trenton,  N.  J.,  April  13,  in  prais¬ 
ing  Governor  Wilson’s  election  reform  bill, 
which  bears  the  name  of  its  introducer, 
Assemblvman  Geran,  which  was  passed  by 
the  Senate  by  a  unanimous  vote.  In  the 
passage  of  the  Geran  hill  the  governor  has 


will  avail  themselves  of  this  opportunity. 

A  clever  ruse  adopted  by  manufacturers 
and  dealers  in  oleomargarine  has  cost  the 
Government  $300,000  in  Chicago  alone  dur¬ 
ing  the  last  year,  according  to  Samuel  M. 
Fitch,  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue.  Mr. 
Fitch  declared  that  through  misrepresenta¬ 
tion  the  public  has  been  buying  a  lower 
grade  of  oleomargarine,  upon  which  there 
is  no  tax,  than  the  colored  product,  on 
which  the  manufacturers  must  pay  a  tax  of 
10  cents  a  pound.  “Last  year  we  issued 
705  licenses  iu  Chicago  and  thus  far  this 
year  only  209,”  he  said.  “A  new  product 
With  a  natural  tint  is  being  made  on  which 
there  is  onlv  three-quarters  of  a  cent  tax. 
It  was  bad  enough  when  the  ‘moonshiners 
colored  the  stuff  in  dirty,  filthy  places,  but 
to  sell  a  poor-grade  sTuff  at  prices  demanded 
for  the  high-grade  product  is  about  the 
limit.” 

Governor  Dix  unsuccessfully  endeavored 

”  Bailey, 


achieved  another  distinct  success  in  the  April  18  to  induce  Dean  Liberty  IL  Bailey, 
legislative  program  which  he  mapped  out  of  the  school  of  agriculture  at  toinell  Lni- 
itS the  beginning  of  his  administration.  The  versity,  to  become  State  Commissioner  of 


at  the  beginning  __  .  .. 

bill  proposed  such  sweeping  changes  in  the 
election  machinery  of  the  State  that  it  was 
opposed  by  the  organization  of  both  parties. 
Few  Republicans  favored  it  at  the  outset, 
and  even  after  the  governor  had  taken 
up  the  cudgels  in  behalf  of  the  measure,  it 
was  opposed  on  final  passage  by  nearly 
every  Republican  and  a  few  of  the  Demo¬ 
crats  in  the  House.  The  only  essential 
amendments  in  the  Senate  provided  for 
the  selection  of  chairmen  of  county  com¬ 
mittees  by  the  members  of  the  committee, 


Agriculture.  They  had  a  long  conference, 
and  Dean  Bailey  told  the  governor  that  his 
obligations  to  Cornell  were  such  that  he 
could  not  consider  leaving  the  institution 
for  at  least  a  year. 


FRUIT  PROSPECTS  IN  OHIO. 


A  temperature  of  7  to  11  on  March  16 
here  killed  the  peach  buds  about  clean,  all 

miiLcee  uv  we  rnn.iwu  . . .  the  Ivieffer  pears,  many  of  the  cherries, 

instead  of  by  direct  vote  of  the  people,  SOme  of  the  plums  and  all  of  some  of  the 

and  the  insertion  of  a  provision  that  blind,  earlv  blooming  apples,  even  the  Grimes  and 

illiterate  and  otherwise  deficient  voters  neaHV  all  the  Ben  Davis.  As  the  Rome 


might  take  some  one  into  the  booth  to 
assist  in  marking  the  blank  ballots  provided 
for  in  the  act.  As  originally  drawn,  the 
Geran  bill  would  have  disfranchised  the 
blind. 

Tornadoes  which  swept  parts  of  Missouri, 
Oklahoma,  Kansas  and  Arkansas  April  12- 
13  are  known  to  have  killed  25  persons, 
injured  more  than  100,  rendered  more  than 
500  homeless,  and  to  have  done  thousands 
of  dollars’  worth  of  property  damage.  The 


Reautv  is  the  one  variety  so  well  noted 
here  we  are  hopeful,  as  the  buds  were 
not  swelled  enough  to  be  injured  any  that 
we  can  see.  We  had  a  crop  in  Lawrence 
County  last  year  of  100,000  barrels,  and  it 
is  not  likely  ‘we  can  now  expect  more  than 
half  that  many.  Growers  have  made 
preparations  to  spray  more  and  better  than 
ever,  and  if  they  do  not  get  discouraged 
now,  we  may  have  another  crop  that  will 
be  widely  known.  The  only  way  to  get  a 


fled. 

It  need  occasion  no  surprise  to  find  the 
Democrats  in  Congress  adopting  Canadian 
reciprocity  as  their  own,  and  according  it 
the  right  of  way  over  all  legislation,  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  wishes  of  the  Republican 
President.  If  they  were  seeking  to  protect 
the  agricultural  interests,  and  still  de¬ 
termined  to  adopt  reciprocity  in  good  faith, 
•they  would  unite  it  with  such  other  reduc¬ 
tions  of  the  tariff  in  a  single  measure,  in 
order  to  give  the  farmers  a  measure  of 
relief.  Not  so,  however.  They  are  there 
not  to  protect  the  farmer,  but  to  play 
politics  and  gain  votes.  The  farmer  must 
be  driven  out  of  the  Republican  ranks  and 
into  their  own.  Further,  in  order  to  avoid 
any  financial  disturbance  which  might 
ensue  upon  any  possible  reduction  of  the 
tariff,  they  keep  such  relief  separate,  thus 
affording  the  Republican  executive  an  op¬ 
portunity  to  veto  it.  This  will  hold,  they 
believe,  the  farmers’  votes  for  the  Demo¬ 
crats,  while  forcing  it  out  of  the  Republi¬ 
can  ranks,  thus  making  a  political  double 
play. 

They  say  in  effect :  “We  are  going  to 
pass  this  reciprocity,  because  we  believe 
that  it  is  a  popular  measure  and  will 
mean  votes  for  us.  You  fanners,  however, 
have  been  the  mainstay  of  the  Republican 
party,  and  we  mean,  if  we  can,  to  drive 
vou  from  its  ranks.  We  are  going  to  pass 
a  bill  reducing  the  tariff  upon  certain 
articles  which  you  use,  but  we  know  that 
this  will  be  made  so  drastic  that  Presi¬ 
dent  Taft  will  veto  it.  In  this  manner 
we  will  undertake  to  convince  you  that 
you  are  better  off  if  we  are  in  power.  We 
know  that  if  this  relief  measure  is  vetoed 
we  will  be  protected  in  a  measure  trom 
any  financial  disturbance,  but  we  menu  to 
gain  what  we  can  out  of  the  situation.  In 
other  words,  we  are  acting  for  votes  and 
are  going  to  get  into  power  if  we  can.” 

Such  reasoning  is  the  legitimate  outcome 
of  our  present  state  of  polities.  Politicians 
are  a  distinct  class — an  oligarchy — acting 
by  themselves  and  for  their  own  class  in¬ 
terests,  which  in  the  last  analysis  consists 
of  fooling  the  body  of  voters  to  keep  them¬ 
selves  in  office.  The  marvel  of  all  this  Is 
that  after  the  many,  many  lessons  received 
in  political  deception,  the  agricultural  class 
have  not  taken  the  initiative  and  formed 
themselves  into  a  stable  political  group  for 
the  purpose  of  being  represented  and  of 
controlling  the  political  parasites  which 
have  fattened  off  their  substance.  He  lias 
seemed  to  be  condoled  for  betrayal  of  his 
interests  by  an  occasional  bone  thrown 
to  him  in  the  way  of  an  office ;  but  of  solid 
comfort  in  the  way  of  substantial  protec¬ 
tion  he  has  received  none.  In  this  lies  the 
crux  of  the  whole  question  :  the  farmer  will 
continue  to  be  the  catspaw  of  the  politician 
until  he  wakes  up,  throws  off  the  shackles 
which  hinder  his  progress  and  consolidates 
his  voting  body  into  a  solid,  durable  and 
homogeneous  party,  the  sole  aim  of  which 
will  be  to  legislate  for  his  own  benefit,  and 
to  protect  it  against  the  unjust  aggressions 
from  other  hostile  interests.  He  will  hereby 
initiate  a  widespread  movement  for  the 
breaking  up  of  the  present  harmful  and 
false  partv  system,  which  is  false  because 
it  seeks  to  embrace  too  many  interests,  and 
to  turn  the  voters  into  the  service  of  a 
small  single  class — the  politicians. 

E.  C.  TOK8TENSON. 


648 

Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

FROM  “IN  MEMORIAM.” 

Oh,  yet  we  trust  that  somehow  good 
Will  be  the  final  goal  of  ill, 

To  pangs  of  nature,  sins  of  will, 

Defects  of  doubt  and  taints  of  blood ; 

That  nothing  walks  with  aimless  feet, 

That  not  one  life  shall  be  destroyed, 

Or  cast  as  rubbish  to  the  void, 

When  God  hath  made  the  pile  complete ; 

That  not  a  worm  is  cloven  in  vain  ; 

That  not  a  moth  with  vain  desire 
Is  shrivelled  in  a  fruitless  fire, 

Or  but  subserves  another’s  gain. 

Behold  !  we  know  not  anything  ; 

I  can  but  trust  that  good  shall  fall 
At  last — far  off — at  last,  to  all— 

And  every  Winter  change  to  Spring. 

So  runs  my  dream;  but  what  am  1? 

An  infant  crying  in  the  night — 

An  infant  crying  for  the  light — 

And  with  no  language  but  a  cry. 

— Alfred,  Lord  Tennyson. 

* 


THE  RURAL 

and  daughters  have  had  to  follow  the 
industries  taken  from  them,  and  are 
consequently  blamed  for  flocking  to  the 
city.  We  can  never  see  a  return  to  old 
conditions,  but  we  do  believe  that  the 
great  trust-controlled  factories,  great  as 
their  showing  in  commercial  statistics, 
have  worked  enormous  evil  in  their 
destruction  of  small  rural  manufactur¬ 
ing  industries.  A  Swiss  friend  tells  us 
that  many  of  the  finest  silks  and  em¬ 
broideries  made  in  Switzerland  are 
made  at  home  on  hand  looms,  only  now 
whole  districts  are  wired  for  electric 
power  produced  from  the  waterfalls, 
and  these  looms  are  provided  with  elec¬ 
tric  motors.  With  productive  work- 
close  at  hand  for  all  who  desired  it, 
should  we  find  it  necessary  to  urge  farm 
boys  and  girls  to  stay  on  the  farm? 


NEW-YORKER 

of  the  process  being  as  above.  When 
rennet  as  well  as  starter  is  used,  the 
starter  is  added  to  the  milk,  and  about 
eight  hours  later  rennet  extract  is  added 
at  the  rate  of  one  ounce  to  1,000  pounds 
of  milk.  The  rennet  should  be  well 
diluted  with  cold  water  to  prevent  too 
rapid  coagulation  of  the  milk.  The  re¬ 
mainder  of  the  process  is  as  described 
above.  The  use  of  rennet  enables  the 
maker  to  secure  coagulation  of  the  milk 
with  a  smaller  percentage  of  acid  de¬ 
velopment,  and  a  pleasant  mild-flavored 
cheese  is  the  result.  Some  manufactur¬ 
ers  mix  buttermilk  with  the  skim-milk 
for  cottage  cheese,  using  rennet.  Too 
great  variations  in  temperature  may  in¬ 
jure  the  texture  of  cottage  cheese,  which 
should  be  smooth,  not  gritty,  and  moist. 


April  29, 


Xugs.Carpets.Curtdins.BlanKets 


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The  racquet  waist  is  a  smart  new 
model  likely  to  be  popular  for  Summer 
wear.  It  is  cut  on  the  lines  of  a  Nor¬ 
folk  jacket,  with  the  flat  box  pleats,  but 
fits  closely;  there  are  elbow  sleeves  with 
turn-back  cuffs,  a  small  sailor  collar 
opening  in  a  V  at  the  front,  and  a  small 
patch  pocket.  A  patent  leather  belt  is 
worn*  with  it.  In  white  linen  with 
striped  collar  and  cuffs,  belt  included, 
this  waist  costs  $6.75  at  a  very  fash¬ 
ionable  shop,  but  it  can  be  made  inex¬ 
pensively,  and  we  expect  to  see  it  taking 
the  place  of  the  middy  blouse. 

* 

“Blushing  apples”  are  a  pretty  des¬ 
sert,  and  can  be  recommended  at  this 
season,  when  many  cellar-stored  apples 
are  a  little  flat  in  flavor.  Peel  and  core 
the  apples,  and  set  in  an  earthen  stew- 
pan.  Make  a  nice  syrup  of  sugar  and 
hot  water,  adding  enough  red  currant 
jelly  to  color  it  bright  red.  Pour  this 
over  the  apples,  and  cook  them  until 
soft  all  through,  but  not  mashed.  When 
cooked  allow  the  apples  to  cool,  then  put 
in  a  glass  dish  carefully,  and  pour  the 
syrup  over  them.  When  quite  cold  the 
centers  of  the  apples  may  be  filled  with 
stiff  sweetened  whipped  cream,  piled  up 
in  a  little  rosette  on  top. 

* 

All  the  present  day  writers  on  coun¬ 
try  life  seem  to  believe  that  everyone 
who  lives  in  a  rural  district  gets  his 
living  directly  from  the  soil;  in  other 
words,  is  a  farmer,  and  all  the  teaching 
and  preaching  and  scolding  is  directed 
at  him  alone.  Why  not  direct  some  of 
this  uplift  work  towards  the  country 
merchant,  or  artisan,  or  even  the  coun¬ 
try  politician?  The  fact  is  that  the 
farmer  of  progressive  type,  in  touch 
with  Grange  and  experiment  station,  is 
really  the  leaven  that  uplifts  all  other 
rural  classes,  only  he  hardly  realizes  his 
own  power  or  ability.  There  is  one  point, 
however,  that  professional  uplifters 
hardly  hint  at,  and  yet  it  seems  to  us 
of  considerable  importance.  In  the 
“good  old  times”  when  we  are  told  the 
farmer’s  boys  and  girls  had  not  learned 
to  flock  to  the  cities,  there  were  rural 
industries  to  provide  a  living  for  many 
of  them  without  severing  all  farm  ties. 
Weaving,  shoemaking,  straw  braiding, 
toolmaking  and  various  other  manufac¬ 
tures  were  not  herded  into  great  fac¬ 
tories,  but  were  divided  into  many  small 
businesses,  each  making  life  pleasanter 
for  some  rural  community,  and  helping 
young  people  to  learn  an  independent 
trade,  while  yet  in  close  touch  with  the 
farm.  Just  as  many  lines  of  women’s 
work,  which  used  to  keep  her  at  home, 
were  gradually  absorbed  by  men,  so  pro¬ 
ductive  industries  got  away  from  the 
country,  and  were  absorbed  by  the  city. 
Women,  to  gain  a  living,  have  had  to 
follow  the  industries  taken  out  of  the 
home,  and  are  now  blamed  for  their 
entry  into  the  competitive  industrial 
field;  just  the  same  the  farmer’s  sons 


The  daily  papers  report  a  case  where 
a  planter  was  treating  peanut  seed  with 
strychnine  for  the  purpose  of  repelling 
moles  or  field  mice,  when  a  sudden  gust 
of  wind  blew  the  poison  preparation  into 
his  face,  causing  enough  strychnine  to 
enter  mouth,  nose  and  eyes  to  be  fatal. 
This  may  or  may  not  be  true,  but 
strychnine  is  such  a  virulent  poison  that 
we  always  regret  any  recommendation 
of  its  use.  Great  care  is  needed,  too,  in 
handling  the  various  arsenates  which 
are  now  so  common  in  farm  and  gar¬ 
den  operations.  We  think,  in  addition 
to  warning  labels,  antidotes  and  treat¬ 
ment  for  accidental  poisoning  should 
always  be  at  hand,  whenever  these  dan¬ 
gerous  materials  are  being  used  about 
the  farm  and  garden.  This  is  the  season 
of  the  year,  too,  when  we  may  hear  of 
serious  or  fatal  cases  of  poisoning 
traced  to  some  mysterious  wild  “greens” 
prepared  for  a  family  meal.  As  a  rule 
we  believe  the  culprit  in  such  cases  is 
the  false  hellebore,  Veratrum  viride, 
which  is  pushing  up  stout  shoots  of 
rich  green  in  the  vicinity  of  marsh 
marigold  or  “cowslip”  when  these  plants 
are  at  the  tender  cooking  age.  There 
is  really  no  excuse  for  mixing  the  dan¬ 
gerous  Veratrum  with  these  innocent 
plants,  for  its  large,  plaited,  stemless 
leaves  are  extremely  distinct,  hut  we 
suppose  its  succulent  growth  looks 
tempting,  and  there  is  no  realization  of 
the  danger.  This  would  be  a  good  time 
to  begin  learning  something  about  the 
wild  flowers,  so  that  one  may  distinguish 
friends  from  foes. 


Cottage  Cheese. 

Will  you  give  recipe  for  making  cottage 
cheese?  How  much  rennet  for  100  pounds 
of  milk ;  must  the  milk  be  sour  before  add¬ 
ing  rennet,  and  at  what  temperature  must 
it  be  heated?  jies.  d.  h.  f. 

Cottage  cheese  is  usually  made  with¬ 
out  rennet,  the  casein  being  separated 
from  the  whey  by  spontaneous  coagu¬ 
lation.  Skim-milk  is  used,  whole  milk 
losing  much  fat  in  the  process.  Keep 
the  milk  at  a  temperature  of  70  to  75 
degrees  until  well  curdled,  usually  about 
48  hours.  The  curdled  mass  is  then 
broken  by  hand,  or  cut  into  large  pieces 
with  a  cheese  knife.  The  temperature  is 
then  raised  slowly  to  90  degrees,  where 
it  is  kept  until  the  whey  appears  clear, 
which  will  be  in  30  to  40  minutes.  If 
too  rapidly  heated  the  texture  of  the 
cheese  is  injured.  When  the  whey  is 
well  separated  from  the  curd,  the  whey 
is  removed  and  the  curd  placed  in  mus¬ 
lin  hags  or  on  racks,  where  it  is  allowed 
to  drain.  It  is  then  salted,  one  pound 
of  salt  to  100  pounds  of  curd,  shaped 
into  pound  or  half-pound  halls,  and 
wrapped  in  oiled  paper.  The  finest  qual¬ 
ity  of  cheese,  before  making  into  balls, 
should  be  mixed  with  thick  ripened 
cream,  one  ounce  of  cream  to  one  pound 
of  curd. 

Cottage  cheese  is  also  made  with  a 
commercial  starter,  from  two  to  three 
per  cent  of  commercial  starter  being 
mixed  through  the  mass,  when  the  skim- 
milk  is  placed  in  the  vat,  the  remainder 


More  Making  Over. 

Recently  I  had  an  overcoat  and  a 
jacket  given  me  to  make  over  for  the 
children.  I  found  that  they  were  almost 
as  good  as  new,  but  had  been  badly 
used  and  were  very  much  soiled.  The 
jacket  was  of  the  style  known  as  box 
coat,  with  no  seam  down  the  back;  it 
had  very  full  sleeves.  I  ripped,  washed 
and  pressed  it,  bought  a  plain  coat  pat¬ 
tern  for  a  9-year-old  child,  and  made 
my  little  girl  a  very  pretty  warm  coat. 
The  overcoat  was  too  good  to  cut  up, 
so  I  got  some  black  dye,  got  my  largest 
tubs  and  washed  well  by  punching  it 
up  and  down  in  hot,  strong  suds.  I  had 
a  time  rinsing,  it  was  so  heavy,  but  I  did 
the  work  out  of  doors  and  a  little  slop 
did  not  hurt.  I  then  put  a  large  metal 
tub  on  the  stove,  filled  two-thirds  with 
water,  put  in  the  dye  and  then  the 
coat.  I  let  all  come  to  a  boil  and  boil 
several  minutes,  punching  and  stirring 
around  well  every  now  and  then.  We 
then  took  the  tub  out  on  the  back 
porch  and  let  the  water  get  cold  before 
taking  out  the  coat,  which  we  rinsed  un¬ 
til  the  last  water  was  clear.  It  took 
two  to  hang  the  coat  on  the  line,  but 
when  dry  it  was  a  beautiful  black.  I 
pressed  it  before  it  was  quite  dry,  and 
it  took  me  all  day  just  to  press.  It 
took  three  days  to  complete  the  job,  but 
when  finished  the  coat  looked  like  new, 
and  one  of  my  family  who  needed  a 
new  overcoat  was  very  proud  of  it.  I 
felt  fully  paid  for  my  work. 

So  many  mothers  put  white  under¬ 
skirts  on  their  little  girls  in  Winter. 
At  their  best  they  look  cold  and  when 
spiled  they  look  very  bad.  I  don’t  be¬ 
lieve  there  is  a  home  where  one  could 
noj  hunt  up  one  or  'two  worn  dress 
skirts,  just  the  thing  to  make  n|ce  little 
skirts  for  children  to  wear  to  school. 
Feather-stitched  with  silk,  they  look 
pretty  and  warm,  and  save  so  much 
work.  Plain  clothes  and  plenty  of 
them  keep  the  children  warm  and  clean 
with  little  labor.  Catherine  busch. 

The  Country-Life  Movement,  by 
Prof.  L.  H.  Bailey. — In  a  series  of  dis¬ 
cussions  Prof.  Bailey  considers  the  va¬ 
rious  phases  of  this  movement,  and  its 
wider  relation  to  national  life.  Naturally 
the  work  of  the  Country  Life  Commis¬ 
sion  appointed  by  Mr.  Roosevelt  is 
touched  upon,  hut  the  most  vital  part  of 
the  book  is  the  author’s  consideration 
of  current  problems  in  community  life, 
especially  the  personal  suggestions,  to 
which  each  reader  will  add  something 
of  his  own.  Published  by  the  Macmillan 
Company,  New  York;  220  pages;  price 
$1.25,  postage  12  cents  additional. 


_ _ 

Makes  and  burns  its  own  gas  and 
produces  a  pure  white,  steady, 
safe,  100  candle  power  light.  -  Ho 
^  wick,  smoke,  dirt,  grease  or  odor. 

V  ■  J  > 

1 

/  lOO 
f  CANDLE; 

L\ 

POWER/ 

i 

'  Lighted  instantly.  Over 200  styles. 
Agents  wanted. Write  for  catalog 

THE  BEST  LIGHT  CO. 

.  Oi 


SCHOOL  CHILDREN 

can  make  good,  clean  money  by  selling 

Wescott  Graphite  Metal  Dairy  Ware 

to  parents  and  neighbors.  Sanitary,  handsome 
and  indestructible.  Special  Offer:-T)ie  first  two 
children  in  each  town  or  on  single  R.  F.  I),  Route 
applying  will  receive  free,  Hand  Painted  Pan.  I 
do  not  ask  lor  stamps  or  coin.  I  pay  postage. 

G-co.  Jb".  Wescott, 

White  Building’,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

CIDER  PRESSES 

THE  ORIGINAL  MX.  GILEAD  IIY- 
DRAULIC  PRESS  produces  more  cider 
from  less  apples  than  any  other  and  is 
„  BIG  MONEY  MAKER 

Sizes  10  to  400  barrels  daily,  hand 
or  power.  Presses  for  all  pur¬ 
poses,  also  cider  evaporators, 
apple-butter  cookers,  vine¬ 
gar  generators,  etc.  Cata¬ 
log  free  Wo  are  manufac¬ 
turers,  not  jobbers. 

HYDRAULIC  PRESS  MFG.  CO 
(Oldest  and  largest  manufacturers  of  cider 

presses  in  the  world.)  _ 

13X  Avenue,  Mount  Gilead,  Ohio 

Or  Room  119  £,  39  Cortlandt  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

WESHIPHWROVAL 

•without  a  cent  deposit ,  prepay  the  freight 
and  allow  10  DAYS  FREE  TRIAL. 

l  °  *  COSTS  one  cent  to  learn  our 

u”htard  of  pric4s  and  marvelous  offers 
on  highest  grade  1911  model  bicycles. 

FACTORY  PRICES 

a  pair  of  tires  from  anyone  at  any  price 
until  you  write  for  our  large  Art  Catalog 
and  learn  our  wonderful  proposition  on  first 
sample  bicycle  going  to  your  town. 

RIDER  AGENTS  SKIiTS: 

money  exhibiting  and  selling  our  bicycle*. 
Wo  Sell  cheaper  than  any  other  factory. 

TIRES,  Coast.r-Brak.  rear  wheels, 

...  repair*  and  all  sundries  at  half  usual  fric*s. 
Do  Not  Walt;  write  today  for  our  special  offer, 

MEAD  CYCLE  CO.,  Dopt.  A8C,  CHICAGO 

hl"NU  a  99  kills  Prairie  Dogs, 

Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
and  Grain  Insects. 
“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
.  grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 

ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

ewuh  “  Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  tile 

EDWARD  R.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. 

Why  Rent  a  Farm 

and  be  compelled  to  pay  to  your  landlord  most  of 
your  hard-earned  profits?  Own  your  own 
farm.  Secure  a  Free  Homestead  in 
Manitoba,  Saskatchewan  or  Al- 
|  berta,  or  purchase  land  in  one 
of  these  districts  and  bank  a 
profit  of  $10.00  or  $12.00 
I  an  acre  every  year. 

Land  purchased  three  years 
ago  at  $10.00  an  acre  has  recently 
changed  hands  at  $25.00  an  acre. 

The  crops  grown  on  these  lands 
warrant  the  advance.  You  can 


FUMA 


Become  Rich 

by  cattle  raising,  dairying,  mixed  farm¬ 
ing  and  grain  growing  in  the  prov¬ 
inces  of  Manitoba,  Saskatchewan 
and  Alberta  In  Western  Canada. 

Free  homestead  and  pre-emption 
areas,  as  well  as  land  held  by  railway 
and  land  companies,  will  provide 
homes  for  millions. 

Adaptable  soli,  healthful  climate, 
splendid  schools  and  churches  and 
good  railways. 

F or  settlers’  rates,  descriptive  litera¬ 
ture  Last  Best  W’est,”  how  to  reach 


Agent. 

Supt.  of  Immigration.  Ottawa,  Canada,  or 
Canadian  Government  Agent,  30  Syracua. 
Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Syracuse.  N.  Y. 


The  Greatest  Home  Comfort 


docs  not  come  from  wealth  or  large  income.  It  comes  from 
hat  ing  the  home  evenly,  cleanly  and  economically  heated. 
I  lie  proper  kind  of  a  furnace  costs  less  than  stoves  or  grates. 

XXth  CENTURY  FURNACE 

is  used  and  praised  souniversally  by  so  many  thousand  home 
owners  every  where— in  every  climate.  It  is  made  right.it 
has  the  only  sensible  and  Economic  Fire  Pot  ever  made.  It 
burns  all  kindsof  fuel— even  cheap  grades  of  soft  coal,  slack, 
etc.,  with  perfect  combustion  and  yields  one-third  more  beat 
at  one-tliird  less  cost  than  any  other  made. 

The  Cheapest  Heat  for  Any  Home— Country  or  City 

healthful.  No  work,  no  repairs;  sanitary 
ideal.  >>  rite  us,  giving  a  sketch  or  plan  of  your  house,  in¬ 
dicating  the  number  of  rooms  to  be  heated,  and  let  us  tell 
you  how  you  can  get  a  XXth  CENTURY  FURNACE,  and 
tryit  on  cmr  Common-Sense  Guarantee  Plan.  Ask  for  our 
little  booklet  on  the  Homes,  No.  19. 

The  XXth  Century  Heating  &  Ventilating  Co, 

Akron,  OHio. 


1911. 


'THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


549 


Some  Comments  and  Suggestions. 

In  Charity  Sweetheart’s  last  letter  she 
mentioned  the  soreness  of  her  fingers 
caused  by  grating  horseradish,  and  I 
have  wanted  ever  since  to  advise  her  to 
use  a  food  chopper  for  that  job.  It  is 
a  great  saving  of  time,  fingers  and 
eyes,  and  does  the  work  just  as  well. 
You  can  turn  your  head  away  from  it 
while  you  grind,  and,  when  your  eyes 
begin  to  suffer,  some  other  member  of 
the  family  can  help  you;  even  the  small 
children  can  turn  the  crank  awhile  and 
think  it  great  fun.  The  food  chopper 
has  come  to  be  almost  indispensable  to 
me — it  is  so  much  quicker  and  easier 
than  the  chopping  bowl  or  grater.  I 
never  buy  Hamburg  steak  at  the  butch¬ 
er’s,  but  get,  for  10  or  12  cents  a  pound, 
a  nice  chunk — usually  from  the  hind 
quarter  and  just  below  the  last  cut  of 
round  steak  if  possible — put  it  through 
the  chopper,  reserving  the  bone  and 
trimmings  for  the  foundation  of  a  future 
soup.  I  put  no  salt  or  other  condiments 
with  it  as  that  draws  out  the  juices  and 
destroys  the  steak  flavor  which  I  like. 
If  there  is  not  enough- fat  in  the  chunk, 
I  chop  a  small  piece  of  suet  with  it. 
Just  before  broiling  I  make  it  into  little 
pats  about  three  inches  in  diameter  and 
a  little  less  than  half  an  inch  thick, 
pressing  them  firmly.  Then  I  grease 
very  lightly  a  frying  pan  and  let  it  get 
smoking  hot  and  broil  my  Hamburg 
pats  as  I  would  a  steak.  Care  must  be 
used  in  turning  them  or  they  will  break 
apart,  but  I  prefer  to  take  the  care  and 
even  have  them  broken  some  than  to 
use  flour  in  making  them — it  injures  the 
flavor  so  much.  Do  not  salt  until  they 
are  done.  If  I  have  so  much  Hamburg 
that  it  dries  out  before  I  can  use  it,  I 
moisten  it  with  water  or  milk,  but  by 
keeping  it  covered  it  does  not  dry  out 
quickly.  When  it  threatens  to  spoil 
before  I  can  fry  it  all,  I  make  a  beef 
loaf  of  it,  and  we  all  enjoy  it  that  way 
for  a  change.  The  meat  you  chop  your¬ 
self  is  far  superior  to  what  you  can  buy 
chopped  at  the  shop. 

The  food  chopper  also  comes  into  use 
for  grating  cocoanuts  and  chocolate, 
making  hash,  mincemeat,  chowder,  any¬ 
thing  that  requires  grating  or  chopping. 

I  have  even  heard  it  advocated  for  chop¬ 
ping  the  ice  to  use  in  making  ice  cream. 

I  never  tried  it  for  that,  but  may  next 
Summer. 

What  a  beautiful  letter  L.  S.  wrote 
us  some  time  ago  on  “The  Secret  of 
Hospitality.”  We  see  so  much  more  of 
this  hospitality  in  the  count)  y  than  in 
town  or  city,  where  the  guest  is  taken 
in  just  as  one  of  the  family  without 
strenuous  days  of  cleaning  and  polish¬ 
ing  and  cooking  of  delicacies,  wearing 
out  the  hostess  before  the  guest  arrives. 

I  so  long  to  be  just  myself  with  every¬ 
one,  and  not  try  to  appear  to  have  the 
same  high  standard  of  living  as  Mrs. 
So-and-so,  who  hires  most  of  her  work 
done.  It  is  a  hard  matter  for  simple 
hospitality  to  thrive  in  the  city.  There 
is  so  much  wealth,  so  much  entertaining 
done  on  an  elaborate  scale  with  smart 
receptions,  teas,  luncheons,  etc.,  that  we 
fear  our  guests  will  feel  insulted  if  we 
invite  them  to  a  simple  home  dinner.  I 
have  entertained  people  who  I  am  con¬ 
fident  spoke  scornfully  of  my  simple 
ways  and  did  not  appreciate  their  peep 
into  our  home  life.  I  console  myself  by 
thinking  that  they  were  friends  who 
were  not  worth  while.  However,  I  can¬ 
not  help  but  shrink  from  entertaining 
those  whom  I  know  are  accustomed  to’ 
luxuries  which  I  cannot  give  them.  I 
suppose  that  I  ought  to  go  on  being  hos¬ 
pitable  in  my  own  simple  way,  and  not 
be  troubled.  As  long  as  the  welcome  is 
hearty,  the  food  good  and  wholesome^ 
and  the  house  reasonably  clean  and  or¬ 
derly,  it  should  not  matter  if  the  rich 
dessert  is  lacking,  the  silver  not  polished, 
some  books  and  toys  out  of  place,  or  the 
furniture  old.  The  blessing  of  exercis¬ 
ing  hospitality  is  one  for  which  we 
should  strive  and  still  not  live  beyond 
our  means  nor  make  untrue  pretensions. 
Our  guest,  if  he  be  an  honest  soul,  will 
enjoy  his  visit  better  and  think  all  the 
more  of  us  for  such  entertainment. 
Who  would  not  rather  have  an  honest 
copper  cent  than  a  spurious  five  dollar 
gold  piece?  G.  b.  w. 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  pattern  and  measurements 
desired. 

The  dress  that  closes  at  the  front  is 
always-  practical  one  for  young  girls.  In 
the  illustration  it  is  made  of  batiste 
trimmed  with  striped  lawn  cut  on  the 
bias,  but  the  model  will  be  found  a 


6985  Girl’s  Peasant  Dress  Closing  at 
Side  Front,  IO  to  14  years, 
good  one  for  various  seasonable  ma¬ 
terials.  The  dress  can  be  worn  with 
or  without  a  guimpe.  The  dress  con¬ 
sists  of  blouse  and  skirt.  The  blouse  is 
cut  in  one  with  the  sleeves  and  has  only 
the  hack  and  the  under-arm  seams.  The 
skirt  is  cut  in  five  gores,  the  two  are 
joined  by  a  belt  and  the  closing  is  made 
with  buttons  and  buttonholes.  For  a 
girl  of  12  years  of  age  will  be  needed  5 
yards  of  material  27  inches  wide,  4*4 
yards  36  or  2?«  yards  44  inches  wide, 
with  %  yard  27  inches  wide  for  the 
trimming.  The  pattern,  No.  6985,  is  cut 
in  sizes  for  girls  of  10,  12  and  14  years 
of  age ;  price  10  cents. 

The  smaller  pictures  include  6975, 
Empire  coat  with  body  and  sleeves  in 


one,  34  to  40  bust,  with  plain  or  two- 
piece  back.  3J4  yards  of  material  27 
inches  wide,  2(4  yards  36,  2r/i  yards  44, 
1H  yard  27  for  collar  and  trimming,  for 
medium  size.  6971,  peasant  waist  with 
bolero  effect,  for  misses  and  small 
women,  14,  16  and  18  years.  %  yard  of 
plain  material  27  inches  wide,  36  or  44 
with  1(4  yard  of  fancy  material  27,  or 
yards  36  or  44  inches  wide,  3->4  yards 
of  banding,  (4  yard  of  all-over  lace  to 
make  as  illustrated.  1  ->4  yard  27  or  36, 
1(4  yard  44  inches  wide,  Y&  yard  of  all- 


over  lace,  3J4  yards  of  banding  to  make 
as  shown  in  back  view,  for  16  year  size. 
6948,  tucked  peasant  waist  for  misses 
and  small  woman,  14,  16  and  18  years, 
with  lining  and  round  or  high  neck  or 
without  lining.  2)4  yards  of  material 
27  inches  wide,  1(4  yard  36,  1 (4  yard 
44,  yard  27  for  bands  for  waist,  1 % 
yard  36  for  guimpe  lining,  J4  yards  of 
all-over  lace  for  yoke  and  undersleeves 
for  16  year  size.  6927,  straight  gath¬ 
ered  skirt  for  misses  and  small  women, 
14,  16  and  18  years.  3->4  yards  of  ma¬ 
terial  27  inches  wide  or  36,  2(4  yards 
44  with  1  yard  of  contrasting  material 
27  for  band  for  the  16  year  size.  6986, 
child’s  one-piece  dress  with  bloomers,  2 
to  6  years.  354  yards  of  material  27 
inches  wide,  2 J4  yards  36  or  44  for  dress 
with  bloomers,  2  yards  27,  1(4  yard  36 
or  44  for  dress  without  bloomers,  2 
yards  of  banding  to  make  as  illustrated, 
for  4  year  size.  6970,  nine-gored  skirt, 
23  to  36  waist  with  inverted  plaits  or 
habit  back,  with  high  or  natural  waist 
line,  in  walking  or  round  length.  7  yards 
of  material  27  inches  wide,  5  yards  36, 
4(4  yards  44  or  52  when  material  has 
figure  or  nap,  5(4  yards  27,  4  yards  36, 
3  yards  44  or  52  when  material  has 
neither  figure  or  nap,  width  of  walking 
skirt  at  lower  edge,  234  yards  with  in¬ 
verted  plaits,  2(4  yards  with  habit  back 
for  medium  size;  price  of  each  10  CLnts. 

Brcwn  Stew  with  Dumplings. — Two 
pounds  of  shoulder  beef  quite  fat;  cut 
into  small  pieces.  Place  in  kettle ;  pour 
boiling  water  over  and  let  boil  rapidly 
for  five  minutes.  Set  on  top  of  range 
lid  and  boil  slowly  until  the  water  is 
evaporated,  and  meat  begins  to  fry  in 
its  own  fat.  Watch  closely  and  brown 
on  all  sides.  Again  cover  with  boiling 
water,  add  level  teaspoon  salt,  one- 
fourth  teaspoon  pepper,  one  small  onion 
minced  and  two  tablespoonfuls  of  flour, 
blended  with  one-half  cupful  cold  water; 
cover  and  boil  until  within  10  minutes 
of  serving  time,  when  the  dumplings  are 
added  (about  one  and  one-half  hours). 
For  the  dumplings,  put  into  a  bowl  one- 
half  pint  of  flour,  one-fourth  teaspoon 
salt,  and  one  teaspoon  baking  powder. 
Mix  thoroughly,  and  add  sufficient  milk 
to  make  a  soft  dough.  Drop  into  stew 
from  teaspoon  and  cook  10  minutes. 
Arrange  dumplings  around  edge  of  deep 
platter  and  pour  stew  into  center. 


OLD  RELIABLE 


This  famous  machine  with  all  its  new  improve- 


ments.all  its  special  features,  with  a  £3  year  guarantee, 
and  all  its  valuable  attachments  is  now  offered  you 

DIRECT  FROM  FACTORY 

at  the  lowest  price,  ©ver  made  on  a  machine  of  this  hi*rh 
character.  We  add  just  ono  small  profit  above  manufacturing 
cost,  you  pay  no  extras,  no  interest,  no  agent’s  commissiona 
—just  $2  a  month  until  tho  special  low  factory  price  haa 
been  paid  up.  But  you  get  the  machine  at  once  before  you 
spend  a  penny.  You  test  and  try  it  before  you  decide  to  buy  it. 

FREE  TRIAL— I  PAY  FREIGHT 

I  will  place  a.  genuine  latest  model  Buckley  drop  head, 
patent  lift  sewing  machine  with  perfect  silver  finished 
attachments,  ball  Bearing  stand,  all  complete  in  your  own 
home  without  a  penny  from  you.  I’ll  even  pay  the  freight.  1 
just  want  you  to  try  it.  If  it  isnt  the  most  convincing  machine 
offer  you  ever  saw.  I’ll  take  it  back  at  no  expense  to  you. 
And  if  you  buy,  I  let  you  pay  a  little  each  month  and  guaran¬ 
tee  tho  Buckley  26  years.  Write  for  description  and  my 
special  new  plan  at  once. 

SEND  NO  MONEY.  GET  FREE  BOOK 

Write  this  very  day  for  my  Free  Catalog  and  special  free 
proposition.  All  sent  free.  Just  address  mo 

M.  W.  BUCKLEY,  Manager 

Dopl.  46  69  E.  VAN  BUREN  ST.,  CHICAGO 

■  'I  II 


Electric  Lights  make  the  brightest,  safest, 
cleanest  and  most  reliable  lighting  gystem 
known  for  farms  and  country  homes. »  The 
Dayton  Electric  Lighting  Outfits  are  low  in 
cost,  easy  to  install,  cost  almost  nothing  to 
operate.  Give  you  better  lights  than  most  city 
people  enjoy.  Write  today  (or  complete  illus¬ 
trated  catalog  ihowing  outfits,  fixtures,  etc.  f 
DAYTON  ELECTRICAL  MFG.  CO. 
231  St.  Clair  Street  Dayton,  Ohio 


Bees  on  the  Farm  MiSiJi 

will  help  yon  get  more  pleasure  and  more  profit 
from  Boo  keeping,  (i  months  trial  subscription  25e. 
Book  on  Bees  and  Catalog  of  Supplies  sont  free. 

THE  A.  I.  ROOT  COMPANY,  Box  65.  MEDINA,  OHIO 


How  About  Your  Home? 


The  Safe,  Sure  Wai 


Are  you  still  taking  chances? 

Can  you  afford  to  risk  the  lives  of  your 
dear  ones  and  your  property,  when  you 
can  insure  their  safety  for  a  small  sum  of 
money  invested  once  in  your  lifetime? 

You  insure  against  fire  to  receive  com¬ 
pensation  in  case  of  loss. 

Safety  is  better  than  compensation. 
And  remember,  there  is  no  compensation 
for  life  taken  by  lightning. 

The  Lesson  of  Ins 


Get  safety  from  lightning  and  fire  in¬ 
surance,  too.  They  go  hand  in  hand.  Get 
both  for  the  cost  of  one.  Lightning  causes 
nearly  all  country  fires.  The  Dodd  System 
controls  and  prevents  lightning. 

Insurance  companies  grant  low  rates  of 
insurance  on  buildings  protected  by  the 
Dodd  System.  The  decreased  cost  of 
fire  insurance  quickly  repays  the  cost  of 
your  lightning  rods,  erected  once  for  all. 

arance  Companies 


DODO  & STRUTHERS 

437  Sixth  Avenue 
Des  Moines,  Iowa 


Beniamin 

Franklin 

Originator  of 

Lightning 

Control. 


West 

Dodd 

Who  Perfected 
the  Dodd 
System. 


Over  2000  Fire  Insurance  Companies  specially  endorse  and  urge  the  protection 
of  buildings  by  the  Dodd  System,  because  it  is  to  their  interest  to  do  so.  The 
Dodd  System  of  lightning  rods  prevents  all  lightning  losses,  which  means  preven¬ 
tion  of  three  fourths  of  all  fire  losses. 

Our  men  are  trained  and  skilled.  They  are  able  to  rod  your  buildings  correctly. 
That  is  all-important.  Our  personal,  binding  guarantee  is  issued  to  you  on  their 
work.  Don’t  wait  until  it  is  too  late.  Send  today  for  fine,  large  book  on  lightning, 
its  laws  and  how  to  control  it.  Gives  Prof.  Dodd’s  great  lecture,  many  vivid 
lightning  scenes,  resolutions  of  insurance  companies,  guarantee,  etc.  Free. 


of  Lightning  Protection 


One  of  Tens  of  Thousands 

Not  a  miracle.  No  home  protected  as  this  one  is  ever  was  destroyed 
by  lightning.  It  is  made  safe  by 

The  DODD  SYSTEM 


560 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


April  29, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

BETTER  STOCK. 

A  Farmer’s  Dairy  Herd. 

C.  D.  Dayton,  of  Pennsylvania,  is  a 
fanner  who  has  brought  about  a  great  im- 
provement  in  all  lines,  but  especially  in  his 
dairy.  Improvement  commenced  about  1901. 
Before  that  time  Mr.  Dayton  had  been  con¬ 
sidered  a  successful  money-making  farmer. 
During  1900  a  neighbor  from  time  to  time 
would  lend  his  dairy  paper  (Hoard’s  Dairy¬ 
man)  to  Mr.  Dayton.  During  that  read¬ 
ing  interest  was  aroused.  January  1,  1902, 
upon  looking  over  statements  from  creamery, 
it  was  found  that  average  receipt  per  cow 
was  $31  for  the  year.  In  February,  1902, 
a  cream  separator  was  installed,  and  since 
that  time  the  product  has  been  made  into 
butter  on  the  farm.  A  silo  was  built  in 
1902  and  has  been  used  ever  since.  At 
the  time  of  purchasing  the  separator,  a 
Babcock  tester  was  also  purchased.  Com¬ 
posite  samples  were  taken  for  a  week,  milk 
from  each  cow  being  weighed  at  each  milk¬ 
ing.  Before  the  test  was  made  it  was 
proposed  that  cows  be  ranked  in  order  as  to 
test  to  judge  by  anything  and  everything. 
One  Jersey  and  her  daughter,  giving  fine 
messes  of  “rich,”  yellow  milk  tested  2.9 
and  3.2  per  cent. ;  needless  to  say,  they 
were  sold  at  once.  A  purebred  Jersey 
bull  was  purchased.  Receipts  per  cow  for 
1902  were  $45 ;  cows  milked,  30.  For  a 
time  milk  was  weighed  three  days  per 
month,  samples  being  taken  for  test ;  re¬ 
sults  multiplied  by  10  gave  monthly  pro¬ 
duction.  In  the  Winter  of  1902-3  one  son 
was  sent  to  dairy  school  at  Pennsylvania 
State  College.  Receipts  for  1903  were  $60 
per  cow,  only  difference  being  weeding  out 
poor  cows.  But  in  1904  eight  grade  Jersey 
heifers  from  the  purebred  bull  raised  the 
average  to  $75,  average  production,  260 
pounds  of  butter.  Poor  cows  were  culled 
out  at  any  price,  as  new  stock  took  its 
place,  all  stock  being  raised.  Average  went 
to  $90,  then  to  $100  per  cow ;  this  is  re¬ 
ceipts  for  butter  alone.  The  average  pro¬ 
duction  for  the  herd  in  1910  was  330 
pounds  of  butter.  Now,  what  did  this? 
Note  improvement  began  when  the  owner 
was  interested,  in  dairy  literature.  Since 
1900  Mr.  Dayton  is  a  subscriber  and  reader 
of  leading  agricultural  journals.  This  led 
to  purchase  of  a  purebred  sire  and  use  of 
the  scales  and  Babcock  test.  In  the  mind 
of  the  writer  these  three  must  go  together 
for  any  marked  improvement  in  dairy  cat¬ 
tle.  Butter  was  wholesaled  at  New  York 
quotations,  skim-milk  fed  to  grade  heifers 
and  hogs;  no  bulls  raised.  This  is  a 
farmer’s  proposition  handled  in  a  business¬ 
like  manner.  The  entire  farm  shows  as 
much  improvement  as  does  the  herd.  Lime 
is  used,  but  no  commercial  fertilizer,  al¬ 
though  much  fertility  is  purchased  in  feed 
stuffs.  c.  E.  D. 

Susquehanna  County,  Pa. 


Berkshires  in  Connecticut. 

The  Berkshire  Swine  Breeders’  Associa¬ 
tion  of  Connecticut  is  desirous  of  increasing 
its  membership,  and,  to  that  end,  takes  this 
opportunity  of  calling  your  attention  to  the 
fact  that  there  is  such  an  organization  in 
the  State,  for  the  furtherance  of  the  in¬ 
terests  of  its  favorite  breed.  There  can 
be  no  doubt  that  the  Berkshire  is  gaiuing 
in  popularity  in  all  sections  of  the  coun¬ 
try,  and  with  the  increased  interest  in 
corn  growing  (particularly  in  the  East) 
this  is  as  it  should  be.  There  is  no  animal 
on  the  farm  that  will  show  as  much  profit, 
for  the  money  expended,  as  a  well-bred,  well- 
fed  Berkshire  hog— a  pedigree  is,  of  course, 
necessary  to  insure  purity  of  blood— but  the 
final  test  is  the  block,  and  there  the  Berk¬ 
shire  is  well-nigh  supreme,  as  the  records 
of  numerous  stockyards  and  national  shows 
testify.  The  Berkshire  hog  bears  the  same 
relationship  to  good  and  cheap  pork  as  the 
Jersey  and  Guernsey  cow  does  to  the  pro¬ 
duction  of  good  butter,  for  the  minimum  of 
food  and  cost,  and  when  their  good  points 
as  grazers,  their  tendency  to  fatten  easily 
when  confined  to  small  quarters,  and  their 
docility,  are  taken  into  consideration,  there 
can  be  no  question  that  they  are  the  best 
“handlers”  of  any  breed  of  hog  in  the 
world.  _ 

Can  You  Name  the  Locality  ? 

The  following  note  is  written  by  a  breeder 
and  farmer  about  the  conditions  in  his 
neighborhood.  Without  locating  the  place 
how  many  can  tell  where  such  conditions 
are  found? 

“Any  old  cow  or  hog  is  good  enough  as 
long  as  they  are  cheap.  Farmers  raise  no 
young  stock,  and  as  a  rule  any  sire  or  boar 
is  good  enough  so  long  as  he  gets  young 
stuff.  This  is  the  case  as  a  rule ;  a  very 
few  of  the  younger  generation  are  com¬ 
mencing  the  purchase  of  purebred  sires,  but 
they  have  owned  them  such  a  short  while 
that  results  are  not  apparent  as  yet.  Most 
of  the  rank  and  file  of  the  farmers  class 
a  pedigreed  animal  as  “pet  stock."  smile  j 
a  smile  of  superior  wisdom,  and  are  not 


open  to  conviction.  Should  you  say  to  one, 
My  purebred  cow  produced  400  or  500 
pounds  butter  in  the  last  12  months  and 
dropped  a  calf,’  he  is  liable  to  tell  you  that 
‘no  cow  on  God’s  green  footstool  can  do 
so  well ;  why  I’ve  owned  lots  of  cows  and  I 
never  had  one  could  do  it!’  I  am  about 
the  only  one  of  the  farmers  in  this  section 
who  has  purebreds  to  any  extent.  I  have 
bred  heifers  that  have  at  maturity  made  as 
much  as  100  pounds  more  butter  in  a  year 
than  their  dams  and  I  did  this  by  buying 
the  very  best  dairy-bred  purebred  bull  my 
purse  would  afford,  economizing  on  the  fe¬ 
males  rather  than  the  sire.  In  selecting  my 
bull  or  boar,  I  paid  more  account  to  his 
coming  from  an  unbroken  line  of  perform¬ 
ers  at  the  pail  and  churn,  than  prize-win¬ 
ning  ancestry,  beauty  or  anything  else.  In 
other  words  it  was  utility  I  bred  fox1.  I 
may  be  wrong,  I  am  not  infallible,  and  I 
am  speaking  from  a  farmer’s  standpoint, 
i.  e.,  dollai-s  and  cents,  but  I  reiterate  the 
best  sire  you  can  afford  to  buy,  and  follow 
on  his  get  with  another  sire  of  equal 
excellence  and  you  will  not  go  very  far 
wrong.”  _ 


Some  Good  Guernseys. — I  submit  some 
facts  regarding  my  herd  of  May  Rose 
Guernseys  at  Linda  Vista  Farm.  The 
Linda  Vista  herd  had  an  average  of  9  Ms 
cows  in  milk  during  the  year  1910.  I  find 
that  the  herd  produced  66,160  pounds  of 
milk  and  3197.83  pounds  of  butter  fat. 
This  is  an  average  of  7,352  pounds  of  milk 
per  cow  and  357.20  pounds  of  butter  fat 
per  cow.  In  this  statement  no  allowance  is 
made  for  the  fact  that  nearly  every  one 
of  the  cows  was  dry  for  an  average  of 
about  six  weeks  previous,  to  calving.  At¬ 
tention  is  also  called  to  the  fact  that  sev¬ 
eral  of  the  animals  were  heifers  in  milk 
for  the  first  time.  In  January,  1911,  nine 
cows  avei-aged  881  pounds  of  milk  and 
44.04  pounds  of  butter  fat,  the  average  but¬ 
ter  fat  content  being  five  per  cent.  In  the 
28  days  of  February  the  average  was  768 
pounds,  and  38.60  pounds  of  butter  fat.  the 
average  per  cent  of  butter  fat  5.02.  Thus 
far  in  March  the  pi’oduction  shows  quite  a 
material  inci-ease,  both  in  milk  and  butter 
fat.  All  figures  given  are  based  on  actual 
weighing  of  the  milk  at  each  milking  and 
monthly  tests  for  butter  fat,  a  part  of  them 
being  based  on  the  report  of  a  two-days’ 
test  by  the  official  inspectoi\  I  take  this 
opportunity  of  calling  to  your  attention  the 
fact  that  it  was  largely  the  result  of  an 
answer  from  you  to  an  inquiry  regarding 
the  different  breeds  of  dairy  cattle  that  I 
became  so  deeply  interested  in  the  Guern¬ 
sey  ;  and  while  the  other  bi’eeds  undoubtedly 
have  merit,  I  confess  I  am  more  than 
pleased  that  I  selected  the  Guernsey  as  my 
choice.  louis  e.  p.  smith. 

Massachusetts. 

On  page  248  I  saw  an  article  headed  “A 
Good  Cow,”  and  I  thought  perhaps  I  had 
two  good  ones  that  you  would  like  to  hear 
about.  These  ai-e  grade  Jerseys,  one  of 
which  became  fresh  January  17,  1910.  and 
the  other  March  28.  1  DIO,  so  both  were  dry 
and  freshened  in  1910,  and  from  January 
1,  1910,  to  Jan.  1,  1911,  we  sold  in  milk 
and  cream  and  some  butter  $354.46.  We 
used  in  our  family  and  furnished  my  son's 
family  an  average  of  four  quarts  per  day, 
or  1,460  quarts  at  six  cents  per  quart,  the 
price  we  sold  the  milk  foi-,  $87.60.  Butter 
made  and  used,  156  pounds,  at  30  cents  per 
pound,  $46.80,  making  a  total  of  $486.86  for 
the  year.  Customers  all  came  to  the  house 
for  the  milk  and  cream.  G.  a.  s. 

Carthage,  N.  Y. 


Hie  Milk  Pail 

Keeps 

Milk 

Clean 


Will  you  try 
one  10  Days 
Free  ? 


We  take  all  chances,  for  we  know  you 
will  like  it.  Sent  on  trial  prepaid.  If  not 
satisfactory,  return  at  our  expense.  All 
dairymen  approve  it.  The 

Sterilac  Milk  Pail 

I*  the  only  one  that  Is  a  real  success  at  keeping  milk  clean, 
'ibere  is  no  chance  tor  coninniinat  on.  Milk,  pure  ami 
sweet,  just  as  it  is  drawn  from  the  cow,  goes  straight  into 
the  pali  ami  It  Is  all  that  does  go  there.  ‘'Dirt  shelf’ 
catches  all  hair,  dost  or  tilth  that  falls  from  the  cow  or 
adders.  Milk  “keeps”  lonsrer  because  it  i<  really  pure. 
The  pail  is  right  shaped,  strong,  made  to  last.  Easy  to 
leash.  You  can’t  know  how  good  it  Is  till  you  see  it  and 
try  it.  I»i Ice  $2.50.  Ask  your  dealer.  If  he  hasn’t  it  we 
will  send  trial  pall  prepaid.  Return  if  you  don’t  like  it. 

STERILAC  COMPANY,  5  Merchants  Row,  Eoston,  Mass. 


CHR.  HANSEN'S 

DANISH  BUTTER  COLOR 

MAKES  PRIZE-WINNING  BUTTER 


Purely  Vegetable  and  Guaranteed  under  all 
Pui-e  Food  Laws,  State  and  National. 

ItENNET  TABLETS  and  CHEESE 
COLOR  TABLETS  for  Cheese 
Making  on  the  Farm 
JUNKET  TABLETS  for  dainty  milk 
desserts  and  iee  cream 
JUNKET  Bit  AND  BUTT  E  K  M  I  I.  K 
TABLETS 

Manufactui’ed  and  put  up  only  by 

CHR.  HANSEN’S  LABORATORY 

Box  1106,  Little  Falls,  N.  Y. 


Om  I  |P  P| |  DO— Front  imported  stock.  Females 

UULLIL  rUlOcheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 


SCAB— Cured 
CHOLERA— Prevented 

BY  THE  USE  OF 

MINOR’S  FLUID 

SHEEP  AND  HOG 

DIP 

Kills  ticks,  lice,  etc. 

Cures  mange,  scurvy 

The  W.  E.  Minor  Disinfectant  Co. 

1518  Columbus  Rd.  Cleveland,  O. 


Keep 
Your 
Hennery 
Clean 
and 
Sweet 

Woe  to  the  hen 
man  whose  neglect 
allows  countless 
germs  to  endanger 
the  lives  of  his  fowls. 
Clean  up;  throw  out  dirty 
refuse ;  spray  everywhere,  using  a 
solution  of  Dr.  Hess  Dip  and  Dis¬ 
infectant,  1  part  Dip  to  70  of  water. 
Repeat  in  a  few  days  and  you’ll  be 
free  of  lice. 

Dr.  HESS  DIP 

and  Disinfectant 

prevents  germ  diseases  of  live  stock — 
destroys  lice,  sheep  ticks,  fleas  and 
parasitic  skin  diseases  and  is  a 
reliable  deodorizer.  Meets  the  Gov¬ 
ernment  requirement  as  a  dip  for 
sheep  scab. 

Write  for  booklet. 

DR.  HESS  &  CLARK,  Ashland,  Ohio. 


THE  PERCH ERON  SOCIETY  OF 
AMERICA 

Has  338  new  members  since  December  1st,  1910, 
exclusive  ot'  the  137  new  members  added  by 
taking  over  the  -Percheron  Registry  Company, 
Columbus,  Ohio.  More  than  3500  stockholders 
March  15th,  1911.  The  only  recognized  Perchex’on 
record.  Good  pure  bred  mares  will  do  your  farm 
work  and  raise  more  valuable  coits  than  grade 
mares.  For  information  address  WAYNE 
DINS  M  ORE,  Secretary,  Union  Stock  Yards, 
Chicago,  III. 

PH  Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
UU  at  farmers'  price's.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penna.  R.R..  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O. 


ERGHERON 

STALLIONS  and  MARES 

Imported  and  home-bred.  The  best  lot  ever 
shown  in  this  country.  Quality,  price,  guarantee  right. 
For  80  years  an  importer  and  breeder  of  prize  winners. 

E  I,  W  O  O  I)  S  .  AKIN 
170  South  Street,  Auburn,  N.  Y. 


SWINE 


LARGE  BERKSHIRES 

Not  tlie  cheapest,  but  the  best.  Special  offering  of 
Spring  pigs,  single  or  mated,  for  breeding.  Cata¬ 
logue  on  application. 

WILLOUGHBY  FARM,  Gettysburgli,  Pa. 


LARGE  YORKSHIRE  HOGS 

Am  now  booking  orders  for  ti  week  old  Pigs,  Regis-  j 
tered,  at  $15.00  per  pair.  If  you  are  looking  for  the  j 
genuine  Bacon  Hog,  try  a  pair  this  spring.  Address 

HILLHUKST  FARM,  Orchard  Park.  N.  Y. 

_ 

Reg,  P.  Chinas,  Berkshires,  C,  Whites, 

Fine,  large  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 
Pups,  Beagles  ami  Poultry.  Write  for 
prices  &  circulars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Ercildoun  Pa. 


lbs"9TToirfhs 

Jersey  Reds  fatten  easily  S  quickly.  1 

Small-boned,  long-bodied,  vigorous  I 
&  prolific.  Meat  unsurpassed.  Hovel 
some  choice  offerings  now.  Write  | 
for  catalog  and  prices.  Arthur  J. 

^BoxJi^loorestowiKN^J^ 


1 


DAIB-TT  CATTLE 


APRIL  OFFERING 

of  Maple  Hurst  Stock  Fai’ms,  Guilford,  Conn.: 
Fantim’s  Zac  Taylor,  head  of  our  Guernsey  herd, 
is  offex-ed  for  sale  to  avoid  inbreeding;  as  fine  an 
animal  as  stands  in  U.  S.;  guaranteed  perfect  in 
every  respect.  Also  one  Yeailing  Guernsey  Bull 
sired  by  above-named  bull  and  from  a  dam  produc¬ 
ing  42  44  pounds  of  milk  per  day,  testing  5. 4-5.6. 
Three  Registered  Berkshire  Boars,  models  of  per¬ 
fection  in  form  and  points,  weighing  from  175  to  200 
pounds  each;  seven  months  old.  Four  unregistered 
but  full-blooded  C.  W.  Boars,  14  months  old;  all 
magnificent  animals;  must  be  sold  to  make  room. 
Guaranteed  Tuttle  Strain  S.  and  D.  C.  R.  1.  R.  Eggs 
for  hatching,  $1.00  per  15;  $5,00  per  100.  Imperial 
Pekin  Duck  Eggs,  $1.00  peril;  $7.00  per  100.  Two 
Registered  Jersey  Bull  Calves,  four  to  five  months 
old,  from  heavy  producing  stock  and  Pogis  blood. 


The  First  Check  Gets  Him . 

ONTARIO  AMERICA  DE  KOI 

Born  Feb.  19,  1911.  Sire,  America  De  Kol  Burke  ; 
dam,  Belle  Hartog  De  Kol,  butter,  seven  days,  27.05; 
30  days,  106.75.  Dam  gave  2,439.6  lbs.  milk  in  March. 
Price  $250,  crated,  f.  o.  b.  Charlotte, 

CLOVE  It  IX  ALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

C.  S.  Lunt,  Owner  J.  J.  Eden,  Manager 


ALLAMUCHY  FARM  HOLSTEINS 

We  offer  well  bred  bull  calves  out  of  A.  R.  O. 
dams  at  reasonable  prices.  Send  for  list  before 
placing  your  order.  ALLAMUCHY,  N.  J. 


ftWfi  HOLSTEINS 

are  bi’ed  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somerville,  N.  J. 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illusti’ated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEI N-FRI  ESI  AN  ASSN  OF  AMERICA 
K.L.  HOUGHTON,  SEC’Y.BOXIOS.BRATTLEBORO.VT. 


Robinson’s  HOLSTEINS  are  Producers 

They  are  Tuberculin  Tested.  Forty  just  fresli  and 
that  will  freshen  in  the  next  two  months,  with 
milk  records  from  8,000  to  12,000  lbs.  in  the  last 
year.  V.  D.  ROBINSON,  Edmkston,  N.  Y. 


Jersey  Bulls  For  Spring  Service 

Fi-om  Son  of  "The  Imported  Jap.”  Dams  are 
Flying  Fox,  Financial  King.  Stoko  Pogis,  and 
Combination  Blood.  Also  Fertile  Eggs  from 
Young’s  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns,  Wrights  W.  Wyan- 
dottes,  and  Tuttle’s  R.  and  S.  C.  R.  I.  Reds,  $1.00 
per  15,  $5.00  per  100.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

SHELDONCROFT,  Silver  Lake,  Pa. 
Clias.  B.  Dayton, Supt. 


LAUREL  FARM  JERSEYS 

breed  regularly,  and  their  calves  live.  Fern’s  Jubi¬ 
lee  still  bends  the  herd.  What  do  you  want  ? 

Will  also  sell  full  blooded  Morgan  filly,  coming 
2  and  a  beauty,  at  $100. 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N.  V. 


H 

PIGS. 


omestead  Herd  ! 

DUROC-JERSEY  RED  SWINE,  BRED 
GILTS,  SERVICE  BOARS  AND  SPUING 
R.  W.  McALLEN,  Pannettsburg,  Pa. 


Breed  Up— Not  DownTVr'™'i«SST5 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  It.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Pnrolia  Qtnoli  Farm- Registered  Jersey  Bulls 
LUICIU1  OlUvn  r  a  I  III  ajm  Heifers,  6  monthsto  2 
years  Old.  Chester  White,  Boland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  Pups  and  a  variety 
of  poultry.  Send  two-cent  stamp  for  circular. 

EDWARD  WALTER,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


Millr  PradiiTurv  for  Now  York  City  market 
lulin  riUUuvGIN  desiring  information  how  to 
form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville.  N.  Y. 


SWIUE 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  TAN,  N.  Y 


LARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD— Special  Offering 
of  Service  Boars.  Good  useful  Boars,  $30  to  $40. 
Fancy  Boars  for  the  breeder  and  exhibitor,  $50  and 
up.  They  should  develop  into  800-pound  boars  at 
maturity,  H.  C.  S  H.  B.  HARPENDING,  Dundee,  N.  Y. 


SPRINGBAHK  BERKSHIRES.- ft, 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  ail  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON.  Piunrietor,  Marbledala,  Conn. 


LARGE  BERKSHIRES 

Orders  booked  for  Spring  Pigs.  August  and 
September  pigs  from  litters  averaging  ten. 

.  .  .  Catalogue  on  application  .  .  . 

WILLOUGHBY  FARM,  Gettysburg;,  Pa. 


DUROC  PIGS, $8.  YVliite  Buff  Rocks  and  Leghorn 
eggs,  $2.  Serene  Wicks,  DeGraff,  Ohio. 


SHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  E.  BARNES,  Oxford.  N.  Y. 


Contains  full  information  and  complete  feeding  directions  foi  using 


Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal — The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute 

Three  or  four  calves  can  be  raised  on  it  at  the  cost  of  one  where  milk  is  fed. 

Mo  mill  feed  The  only  calf  meal  manufactured  in  an  exclusive  Calf  Meal  Factory 
Established  at  Leicester.  England,  in  180IL 


Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory,  Waukegan,  Ill. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  N  K  W -YORKK  LX 


561 


FEEDING  PROBLEMS. 

Under  this  heading  we  endeavor  to  give  advice 
and  suggestions  about  feeoir:g  mixtures  of  grains 
and  fodders.  No  detinite  rules  are  given,  but  the 
advice  is  based  upon  experience  and  average 
analyses  Of  foods.  By  ‘  protein”  is  meant  the 
elements  in  the  food  which  go  to  make  muscle  or 
lean  meat.  “Carbohydrates”  comprise  the  starch, 
sugar,  etc.,  which  make  fat  and  provide  fuel  for 
the  body,  wnile  “fat”  is  the  pure  oil  found  in 
foods.  Dry  matter”  means  the  weight  of  actual 
food  left  in  fodder  or  grain  when  all  the  water  is 
driven  off.  A  “narrow  ration”  means  one  in  which 
the  proportion  of  protein  to  carbohydrates  is  close 
— a  “wide”  ration  means  one  which  shows  a  larger 
proportion  of  carbohydratas. 


A  Narrow  Ration. 

We  are  feeding  our  cows  a  ration  com¬ 
posed  of  50  pounds  Ajax  flakes,  17  *4 
pounds  corn  and  oats  ground  together, 
most  cob  taken  out;  17 Ms  pounds  rye  feed, 
15  pounds  wheat  middlings.  We  feed  about 
eight  pounds  of  this  per  cow  per  day,  and 
in  addition  about  one  pound  old  process  oil 
meal.  The  rye  feed  is  guaranteed  13.50 
protein,  three  per  cent  fat.  Is  this  too  nar¬ 
row  a  ration,  and  how  could  we  improve  it? 
We  have  just  started  to  feed  this,  as  we 
have  been  unable  to  got  Ajax  flakes  in  this 
vicinity  until  recently.  The  cost  of  va¬ 
rious  feeds  here  is  as  follows  ;  Ajax  flakes, 
$31  per  ton;  rye  feed.  $24;  oil  meal  $2.10 
per  100 ;  wheat  middlings,  $28  per  ton  ; 
corn  and  oats,  $25  per  ton ;  gluten  feed, 
$28  per  ton  ;  wheat  bran,  $28  per  ton  ; 
sucrene  dairy  feed,  $25.  In  addition  to 
the  ration  described  above  we  feed  plenty 
of  good  clean  mixed  clover  and  Timothy 
hay  three  times  a  day,  with  plenty  of  good 
water  and  salt  every  other  dav.  Cotton¬ 
seed  meal  would  be  hard  for  us  to  get  here. 
What  improvements  would  vou  suggest? 

New  York.  M  D 


The  ration  you  are  feeding  analyses 
about  as  follows : 

Digestible 


Dry 

Feeding  stuff.  Matter. 
18  lbs.  mixed  hay 

and  clover  . .15.06 

4  lbs.  Ajax  flakes.  3.68 
1.4  lb.  corn  and 

oats  ground  .  1.246 

1.4  rye  feed .  1.24 

1.2  wheat  middlings  1.056 
1  lb  oil  meal  O.  P. .  .91 


Pro-  Carbs 
tein.  and  Fat. 


1.116 

.924 

.1218 

.14 

.1536 

.293 


8.28 

2.611 

.8736 

.70 

.7284 

.485 


Nutritive  ratio  1  :5 


23.702  2.7484  13.678 


You  will  see  by  this  that  you  are 
feeding  a  rather  narrow  ration,  but  it  is 
very  good  considering  the  ingredients 
available.  I  would  suggest,  however, 
that  you  increase  your  corn  and  oats  to 
two  pounds  and  use  two  pounds  of 
wheat  bran  instead  of  the  rye  feed  and 
wheat  middlings  which  you  are  feeding 
Most  ©f  the  rye  feed  on  the  market  con¬ 
tains  a  comparatively  small  amount  of 
rye,  the  trade  name  "rye  feed”  being 
adopted  for  the  sole  purpose  of  working 
off  some  waste  product  like  oat  hulls 
or  ground  corncobs  as  a  “filler”  un¬ 
known  to  the  person  buying  the  feed. 
In  buying  any  feed  of  this  class  it  is 
important  to  ask  your  dealer  for  a  copy 
of  its  analysis,  showing  its  digestibility, 
and  then  send  a  copy  with  sample  of 
feed  to  your  State  experiment  station 
for  comparison.  If  your  dealer  will  not 
give  you  this  analysis  showing  the  per 
cent  of  digestible  nutrients  which  the 
feed  contains,  it  would  be  advisable  to 
let  him  keep  his  feed,  as  that  is  sufficient 
proof  that  it  is  not  sold  on  its  merits. 
The  analysis  of  a  feed  is  not,  however, 
the  only  guide  to  go  by,  as  some  feeds 
which  show  a  high  per  cent  of  diges¬ 
tible  protein  are  not  very  valuable  when 
it  comes  to  the  production  of  milk,  so 
you  see  practical  experience  with  a  feed 
is  necessary  before  its  true  worth  can 
be  decided  conclusively.  c.  s.  G. 

Ration  with  Home-grown  Grains. 


Will  you  furnish  me  with  a  balanced  ra¬ 
tion  based  on  the  following  materials  now 
on  hand  and  supplemented  with  purchased 
feeds  as  advisable?  Cows  weigh  800  to 
1,000  pounds.  A  little  pure  clover  hay, 
unlimited  mixed  hay,  clover  and  Timothy, 
rather  inferior  corn  fodder,  corn  on  the 
ear,  buckwheat,  rye.  Next  Winter  I  shall 
have  Alfalfa  (planted  last  year)  and  plenty 
of  pure  Red  clover.  h.  d.  o. 

New  York. 

If  you  want  to  feed  your  home-grown 
grains,  I  would  suggest  the  following 
ration,  which  is  nearly  balanced : 


Feeding  stuff. 

5  lbs.  clover  hay . 

12  lbs.  mixed  clover 
and  Timothj 
2  lbs.  coinmeai 
2  lbs.  ground  buek- 


Dry  Digestible  Carbs 
matter  Protein  and  fat. 


lbs. 

lbs. 


ground  rye . 
dry  distillers’ 


Nutritive  ratio  1 :5.6. 


4.25 

.34 

1.98 

10.44 

.744 

5.52 

1.78 

.158 

1.528 

1.74 

.154 

1.066 

1.76 

.198 

1.4 

3.68 

.924 

2.611 

23.65 

2.511 

14.105 

Of  course  your  whole  grains  must  be 
ground  and  your  corn  on  the  cob  should 
be  shelled  and  the  cob  removed.  If  you 
find  this  ratio  constipating,  not  contain¬ 
ing  any  succulence,  you  should  add  about 
one  pound  of  oil  meal  per  day  for  each 
cow.  While  this  should  produce  fairly 
satisfactory  results,  you  could  make  a 
better  ration  by  selling  your  rye  and 
buckwheat  and  buying  some  wheat  bran 
and  dried  beet  pulp,  but  your  local  con¬ 
ditions  and  prices  must  be  taken  into 
consideration  before  this  plan  could  be 
called  feasible.  Your  inferior  corn  fod¬ 
der  should  be  cut  in  short  lengths  and 
placed  where  the  cows  can  have  free 
access  to  it  every  day  while  they  are  out 


in  the  yard  for  exercise.  If,  however, 
you  have  more  than  you  can  dispose  of 
in  this  way  you  could  steam  some  of  the 
cut  fodder  and  feed  it  in  the  barn  mixed 
with  the  grain  ration,  but  in  this  case 
you  should  add  one  or  two  pounds  of 
cotton-seed  meal  as  your  ration  would 
be  deficient  in  protein.  c.  s.  G. 

Summer  Dairy  Ration 

Would  you  give  mo  a  good  ration  for  out 
dairy  during  the  Summer  months?  The 
cows  are  high-grade  Holsteins,  two-ydar- 
olds  and  full  aged  cows,  averaging  1,000  to 
1,100  pounds  each.  The  herd  of  18  pro¬ 
duced  15,500  pounds  of  milk  during  the 
month  of  March.  With  the  exception  of  one 
two-year-old  heifer,  the  cows  have  been 
milked  all  Winter,  and  some  of  them  for 
nearly  a  year.  They  will  have  pasture  grass 
until  August  1.  when  green  corn  will  be 
added  and  continued  until  frost.  Follow¬ 
ing  are  some  of  the  feeds  obtainable  here  : 
Brewers'  grains,  $25;  common!,  $22.50; 

I iran  and  ship,  $26  to  $27  ;  ground  oats, 
$30;  cotton-seed  meal,  $33;  oil  meal,  $40  v 
gluten,  $2G ;  beet  pulp,  $25.  w.  j.  a. 

New  York. 

If  your  cows  have  plenty  of  good  pas¬ 
ture  until  August  and  green  corn  added 
at  that  time  I  would  not  advise  feeding 
much  grain  during  the  flush  feed  of 
June,  gradually  increasing  as  the  pas¬ 
ture  grass  becomes  dry  and  hard.  At 
the  prices  mentioned  I  would  feed  equal 
parts  of  dried  brewers’  grains  and  gluten 
feed  if  of  good  quality.  If  you  notice 
any  of  your  cows  growing  poor  add  a 
little  cornmeal  to  the  ration,  the  amount 
depending  upon  the  condition  in  which 
you  wish  to  get  your  cows.  c.  s.  G. 

Improving  Dairy  Rations. 

I  am  feeding  my  cows  a  mixture  of  100 
pounds  bran  and  200  pounds  good  gluten. 
I  have  four  cows  and  feed  about  seven 
pounds  per  day  ;  have  only  had  them  a'  few 
days.  They  now  give  abchit  20  pounds 
each  a  day.  They  have  plenty  of  very  good 
early  cut  mixed  hay.  Bran  costs  here  $1.40 
and  gluten  $1.30.  How  can  I  improve  this 
ration?  r.  f.  w. 

New  York. 


Forget  the  Hired  Help  Nightmare 


Are  yonr  men  milking  ten  cows  an  hour  ?  One  practical  man 
with  a  Sharpies  Mechanical  Milker  will  milk  at  the  rate  of 
forty  cows  per  hour.  Don’t  be  dependent  on  hired  help  any 
longer — increase  the  herd. 

Cows  take  to  it  kindly — it  uses 

The  Teat  Cup  With  The  Upward  Squeeze 


Sharpies  Mechanical  Milker 


This  shows  a  portion  of  the  dairy  barn  of  S.  H.  Parke,  who  is  milking  over  one  hundred 
cows  with  a  .Sharpies  Mechanical  Milker,  supplying  high  class  inilk  to  the  Philadelphia 
market.  Read  what  he  says  about  his  machine: 

Meadow  Brook  Farm,  East  Bradford.  Pa..  11-20-10. 

Gentlemen  I  have  a  Sharpies  Mechanical  Milker  in  my  barn  and  use  it  twice 
every  day.  It  gives  good  satisfaction,  both  as  to  time  and  cleanliness  and  conven¬ 
ience.  \\  e  do  not  see  how  we  could  get  along  without  it.  We  have  no  hired  help 
to  work  with  the  milking,  as  my  children  do  it  all  with  the  machine.  It  is  very  easy 
to  learn  and  to  wash  and  it  saves  lots  of  labor.  It  is  the  most  wonderful  invention  I 
have  ever  seen.  Samuel  H.  Parke. 


Write  for  Catalogue  “E”  to  Sales  Dept. 

DAIRY  SPECIALTY  CO.,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


You  could  improve  your  present  ra¬ 
tion  by  adding  100  pounds  of  dried  dis¬ 
tillers’  grains  made  from  corn)  and  50 
pounds  of  oil  meal.  Cows  require  some 
succulence  when  grass  is  not  in  season 
and  for  this  purpose  silage  is  largely 
used  and  is  generally  found  to  be  a 
satisfactory  and  economical  feed.  Man¬ 
gels  also  make  a  good  succulent  feed 
but  are  rather  expensive  to  grow.  Dried 
beet  pulp  is  also  good  for  this  purpose 
when  available.  The  oil  meal  is  only  to 
be  used  in  the  absence  of  grass  or  any 
other  succulent  feed.  c.  s.  G. 


THE  BOSS  CREAM  RAISER 

will  ralBe  the  cream 
between  milkings  and 
give  you  sweet  skim 
milk  for  house  and 
stock.  Ice  not  necessa¬ 
ry, cold  wellorsprlng 
water  will  do  the 
work.  No  skimming, 
nocrocks  and  pans  to 
handle.  TEN  DAYS 
FREE  TRIAL.  Prlco 
$3.25  and  up.  50,000 
of  these  machines  in  use  today.  Send  for  Free  Catalog. 

8LUFFT0N  CREAM  SEPARATOR  CO.  BOX  M,  BLUFFTON.  0. 

_ I  YOUNG  MEN  WANTED  to  learn 

VETERINARY  profession.  Catalogue 
V  *Tfree.  Grand  Rapids  Veterinary 
I  College,  Dep.16,  Grand  ltapids,  Mich. 


AGENTS  $3  a  Day 

NEW  PATENTED  LOCKSTITCH 

AWL 


Sow*  Shoos,  _  ,  _  _ _ 

Harness,  Buggy  Tops,  Canvas,  Grain  _ 

Bags,  Anything.  Sella  at  light.  Astonishing  low~pHce  to 
agents.  Big  profits.  To  show  it  means  a  sale.  Wewai  *  sfsw 
good,  live  hustlers  in  each  county.  Splendid  opportunity  to 
make  big  money.  No  oxporlence  needod.  Write  quick — 
now — for  torms.  A  postal  will  do.  Send  no  money. 

A.  MATHEWS,  6065  Wayna  Street,  DAYTON,  OHIO 


Startright..  Free  Hook— How  toobtain, finance 
and  promote  patents.  Send  sketch,  free  search. 

EARNHAM  &  SUES,  Pat.  Attys.,  Ad. 36,  Washington,  D.C. 


Why  DE  LAVAL  Cream 
Separators  Are  Best 


De  Laval  the  Logical  Leader 

It  is  not  due  to  any  mere  stroke  of  luck  or  freak  of 
circumstances  that  the  De  Laval  Cream  Separator 
has  maintained  first  place  in  the  esteem  of  cream 
producers  ever  since  its  invention  in  1878.  There  is 
a  reason  for  everything  if  we  but  know  it  and  there 
are  many  reasons  why  the  De  Laval  is  now  and 
always  has  been  the  best  cream  separator. 

De  Laval  the  First  Practical  Separator 

Dr.  DeLaval  invented  the  first  successful  continuous 
cream  separator  because  he  had  worked  harder,  was 
better  informed,  and  knew  more  about  the  centrifugal 
separation  of  cream  from  milk  than  any  other  man 
who  had  attempted  it. 

Starting  with  this  advantage  the  De  Laval  Company, 
has  maintained  its  lead  in  the  improvement  and  de¬ 
velopment  of  the  separator,  step  by  step  from  year  to 
year,  because  it  has  always  had  an  organization  better 
equipped  in  every  way  to  build  the  best  separator  than 
any  one  or  all  of  its  would-be  competitors  combined. 

World- wide  De  Laval  Organization 

The  De  Laval  organization  extends  the  world  over, 
with  a  number  of  the  finest  and  largest  shops  in  the 
world  in  America,  Sweden,  Germany,  France,  Austria, 
Russia  and  other  countries.  Everyone  of  these  shops 
is  devoted  solely  to  the  building  of  separators. 
Their  manufacture  is  not  simply  incidental  to  that  of 
something  else,  as  is  the  case  on  the  part  of  every 
would-be  competitor.  No  other  separator  shops  com¬ 
pare  with  them  in  size,  equipment  or  volume  of  pro¬ 
duction.  They  produce  more  separators  in  a  day  than 
any  competitor  in  a  week  or  most  of  them  in  a  month. 


De  Laval  Designers  Most  Experienced 

The  De  Laval  organization  of  separator  scientists, 
experts,  engineers,  designers,  practical  manufacturers 
and  skilled  workmen  of  all  classes,  not  only  in  one 
country  but  a  half  dozen,  is  unapproached  by  all 
would-be  competitors  combined.  The  De  Laval  Cream 
Separator  as  we  know  it  today  is  the  composite  pro¬ 
duction  of  these  men  of  many  shops  and  many 
countries,  the  amalgamation  of  the  longest  and  best 
separator  experience  in  the  world. 

All  Important  Cream  Separator  Patents 
Controlled  by  De  Laval  Company 

Moreover,  the  principal  features  devised  in  the  con¬ 
struction  and  development  of  the  De  Laval  machine^ 
have  naturally  been  covered  by  patents,  numbering 
several  hundred  in  all.  so  that,  however  great  their 
knowledge  of  De  Laval  machines,  would-be  com¬ 
petitors  have  been  compelled  to  utilize  means  of 
construction  which  would  avoid  infringement  of  these 
patents,  and  thus  forced  to  adopt  less  efficient  and 
less  desirable  methods  until  certain  De  Laval  patents 
had  expired,  by  which  time  the  construction  covered 
by  such  patents  had  been  discarded  and  abandoned  or 
further  improved  in  the  course  of  De  Laval  progress. 

De  Laval  Used  Almost  Exclusively  by 
Creameries  and  Butter  Factories 

That,  briefly,  is  why  De  Laval  Cream  Separators  have 
maintained  their  supremacy,  regardless  of  one  com¬ 
petitor  or  another,  increasing  their  sale  year  by  year 
until  their  already  nearly  universal  use  in  larger  sizes 
by  creameries,  butter  factories  and  milk  stations  is 
rapidly  becoming  as  general  in  the  farm  and  dairy 
likewise,  and  for  the  self-same  reasons. 


A  De  Laval  catalog  or  any  desired  separator  information  will  gladly  be  sent  for  the  asking . 

THE  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  COMPANY 


166-167  Broadway 
NEW  YORK 


173-177  William  Straet 
MONTREAL 


29  E.  Madison  Straet 
CHICAGO  - 

14  A  16  Princess  Strsat 
WINNIPEG 


Drumm  &  Sacramento  Sts. 
SAN  FRANCISCO 

1016  Western  Avenue 
SEATTLE 


6612 


April  2' 


THE  RUKAb  NEW-YORKER 


The  Henyard. 


LEG  WEAKNESS  IN  CHICKS. 

What  causes  chicken's  leg  to  grow  out 
of  shape?  I  have  an  early  brood  of  B.  P. 
Rocks  that  have  grown  splendidly,  but  three 
of  them  have  weak,  crooked  legs,  although 
their  appetites  are  as  good  as  ever.  They 
are  housed  in  a  dry,  sunny  coop  with  plenty 
•f  earth  on  the  floor.  R.  B. 

Massachusetts. 

Leg  weakness  in  growing  chicks  is  due 
to  various  causes ;  sometimes  to  inherited 
weakness,  sometimes  improper  feeding 
is  the  cause.  “R.  B.”  refers  to  their 
being  “kept  in  dry,  sunny  coops,  with 
plenty  of  earth  on  the  floor/’  I  have 
found  by  experience  that  it  is  possible 
to  have  things  too  “dry”  for  the  best 
interest  of  the  chicks.  I  have  seen  the 
legs  of  little  chicks  shrunken  because  of 
too  much  dryness  in  their.  runs.  The 
brooder  where  they  stay  nights  should 
not  be  damp,  but  the  runs  may  be  damp 
in  some  parts  without  harm,  indeed, 
with  positive  benefit  to  the  chicks.  I 
take  a  pailful  of  damp  earth— preferably 
sand — and  dump  it  in  a  heap  in  the  runs 
and  mix  the  dry  grain  feed  in  the  earth 
so  they  will  have  to  dig  in  the  damp 
ground  for  it,  and  when  that  pailful  be¬ 
comes  dry,  put  in  another.  The  large 
breeds  are  more  apt  to  have  leg  weak¬ 
ness  than  the  smaller  ones.  Keep  by  the 
chicks  a  dry  mash  composed  of  bran, 
middlings,  pin-head  oats,  or  oatmeal, 
sifted  beef  scraps  and  hone  meal.  Here 
is  a  good  formula:  Eight  parts  wheat 
bran,  three  parts  cornmeal,  three  parts 
middlings,  four  parts  sifted  beef  scraps, 
one  part  bone  meal,  by  measure.  If  it 
is  not  an  inherited  weakness  this  feed¬ 
ing  ought  to  help  them. 

GEO.  A.  COSGROVE. 


CHEESE-BOX  CHICK  BROODERS. 

I  did  not  know  until  recently  that  cheese 
boxes  could  be  utilized  to  make  heatless 
brooders,  but  a  reference  to  brooders  so 
made  appeared  in  an  article  by  Mr.  Cos¬ 
grove  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  a  few  weeks  ago. 
To  utilize  these  boxes,  which  are  thrown 
away  by  grocers  and  provision  dealers,  was 
a  happy  thought  by  some  one,  as  they  are 
just  the  proper  form  and  height  to  make 
brooders.  I  had  been  thinking  for  some 
time  what  waste  package  made  of  wood 
would  answer  the  purpose,  but  could  think 
of  nothing  that  had  straight  sides.  The 
cheese  box,  however,  completely  solves  the 
question.  I  have  seen  no  directions  for 
making  these  brooders,  and  the  question 


..<i 


o 


t  2  3 

DIAGRAMS  OF  BROODER.  Fig.  180. 

arose  how  to  make  the  cloth  cover  over  the 
chickens’  backs  quickly  and  easily  adjust¬ 
able  to  different  heights.  We  finally  hit 
upon  a  plan  which  is  both  simple  and  sat¬ 
isfactory,  and  can  be  made  in  10  minutes. 
Take  two  pieces  of  wire  of  proper  length 
and  possessing  some  stiffness  and  straighten 
them.  Make  a  loop  in  the  end  of  each. 
We  used  wire  about  one-eighth-inch  in  di¬ 
ameter.  On  the  sides  of  the  cheese  box  at 
four  points  selected,  draw  straight  vertical 
lines.  Starting  at  about  three  inches  from 
the  bottom  of  each,  space  them  off  by  pen¬ 
cil  marks  every  half  inch  up  the  side  of  the 
box  ns  high  as  is  desired.  With  an  awl  or 
small  bit  make  holes  through  the  sides  of 
the  box  at  the  points  indicated  by  the  pen¬ 
cil  marks.  Then  slip  the  wire  pins  through 
the  holes  at  any  required  height,  letting 
them  come  out  through  the  holes  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  box.  This  makes  four 
points  of  support  for  the  wire  ring  on 
which  the  cloth  is  stretched. 

Connecticut.  w.  L.  chamberi.aix. 


HEN  AND  COW  CONTEST. 

It  seems  to  me  that  could  this  contest' 
be  arranged  it  would  have  to  be  in  one  of 
two  ways,  either  hens  and  cow  would  have 
to  be  held  down  to  food  value  of  eggs  and 
milk  produced,  or  else  be  allowed  to  make 
the  most  possible  of  eggs  and  milk  in  any 
way  cither  party  may  think  to  his  advan¬ 
tage.  For  instance,  the  cow  man  could 
start  his  cow  in  the  contest  the  day  be¬ 
fore  she  freshened,  trade  her  calf  for  two 
brood  sows  which  will  farrow  in  a  few 
days,  and  produce  20  good  pigs ;  feed  the 
pigs  till  nearly  a  year  old.  kill  and  sell 
them,  and  if  well  fed  would  bring  perhaps 
$500.  At  the  end  of  seven  months  from 
beginning  of  contest  the  sows  would  pro¬ 
duce  20  more  pigs  which  when  five  months 
old  would  bring  probably  $200  more,  mak¬ 
ing  $700  to  the  cow's  credit,  and  if  we 
credit  up  the  sows  at  end  of  year  they 
would  offset  the  loss  of  a  pig  or  two,  and 
during  all  this  time  we  could  have  fed 
all  these  pigs  some  of  the  milk  produced 
by  the  cow,  and  I  am  sure  the  cow  should 
have  credit  for  the  money  from  the  pig 
deal  just  as  much  as  those  104  hens  should 
have  credit  for  the  480  dozen  eggs  Mr. 
Dougan  says  those  60  first  selected  pullets 
laid  before  January  1,  1910. 

On  page  234  Mr.  Dougan  invites  criti¬ 
cisms  of  his  figures.  He  says  on  that  page 
the  first  60  pullets  chosen  laid  480  dozen 
eggs  before  January  1.  1910,  and  the  whole 
number  laid  during  the  year  was  21,464 
eggs.  Taking  the  480  dozen  from  21,464 
eggs  we  have  left  only  15,704  eggs,  and 
allow  the  other  115  selected  pullets  did  not 
lay  one  egg  before  January  1,  1910,  that 
only  gives  each  of  the  104  old  hens  only 
151  eggs  each.  How  does  Mr.  Dougan 
make  out  they  laid  164  eggs  each?  Surely 


if  those  other  115  chosen  ones  laid  any¬ 
thing  like  the  60  it  would  bring  the  record 
of  the  104  old  ones  down  pretty  low,  for 
think  of  it:  60  pullets  hatched  in  the  Spring 
months  laid  96  eggs  each  on  an  average 
before  January  1  of  the  year  following  that 
they  were  hatched,  that  is  “going  some," 
I  think. 

On  page  234  Mr.  Dougan  says.  “I  did  not 
try  to  see  how  much  I  could  figure  in  as 
profit,  as  I  think  it  very  foolish  to  try  to 
fool  yourself;  it  is  nearly  as  bad  as  stealing 
sheep  from  your  own  flock."  Now,  if  it  is 
not  like  stealing  sheep  from  your  own 
flock  to  credit  yourself  with  $96  for  drop¬ 
pings  from  104  hens  for  one  year,  pray 
what  is  it  like?  I  believe  it  is  gross  re¬ 
ceipts,  not  profit  Mr.  Dougan  is  figuring,  and 
what  else  could  he  have  possibly  figured  in 
that  he  did  not  figure? 

From  a  flock  of  500  layers  for  the  year 
1910  (S.  C.  White  Ijeghorn  mainly,  just 

a  few  S.  C.  Black  Minorca),  I  had  a  net 
income  of  $1,000  or  $2  per  hen.  I  say  a 
net  income;  I  did  not  charge  the  poultry 
with  any  labor  nor  for  the  mangel  wurzels 
grown  for  them,  nor  anything  for  depre¬ 
ciation  of  plant,  nor  did  I  give  them  any 
credit  for  manure  nor  for  eggs  and  poultry 
used  at  home,  and  we  use  a  lot.  I  think 
easily  150  dozen  eggs  and  50  head  of  poul¬ 
try  during  the  year.  I  am  not  telling  this 
to  try  to  match  Mr.  Dougan,  but  to  show 
I  am  a  hen  man  and  not  a  cow  man,  and 
I  believe  if  you  take  the  value  of  any  cow 
in  Leghorn  hens  and  pit  them  against  the 
cow  the  hens  will  win  every  time  with 
equal  care  in  a  net  profit. 

New  York.  Marion  lewis. 


Below  find  a  record  of  60  liens  for  the 
month  of  February.  Most  of  the  hens  are 
White  Leghorns ;  I  cannot  say  how  many 
were  laying.  They  were  fed  bran,  corn  and 
screenings.  The  eggs  were  sold  to  a  con¬ 
sumer  at  20  cents,  which  was  two  cents 
more  than  merchants  were  paying.  The 
average  is  more  than  60  per  cent,  of  eggs 
per  hen.  Kindly  give  your  opinion  of  the 
record  and  the  feed,  etc. 

Record  of  60  hens  for  February: 

Sold  54%  dozen  eggs  at  20 

cents  . $10.09 

T'sed  18  dozen  eggs  at  20  cents  3.60 
Two  settings  sold  at  75  cents.  1.50 
Four  hens  eaten  at  40  cents..  1.60 

- -  $16.79 

Expenses. 

Paid  for  corn  and  bran .  $7.00 

Paid  for  screenings  and  oyster 

shells  .  1.40 

- -  8.40 

Net  gain  .  $8.39 

Virginia.  mrs.  w.  T. 

R.  N.  Y*. — We  make  this  896  eggs,  which 
is  15  eggs  per  hen,  or  nearly  54  per  cent.  A 

good  February  record. 


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The  David  Bradley  Tu-Ro  Cultivator 


([The  only  successful  two-row  cultivator  made.  Built  to  withstand  the 
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man  or  boy  and  three  horses  do  the  work  of  two  single  row  machines. 
([The  Tu-Ro  embodies  the  famous  David  Bradley  patented  pivot  axle 
seat  bar  dodging  principle.  The  instantaneous  dodge  saves  almost 
every  out  of  line  hill,  often  paying  for  the  tool  in  one  season.  Operator 
has  a  clear  view  of  both  rows  at  all  times,  with  both  hands  free  to  drive. 


Pivot  Axles  and  Seat  Bar  Dodging  Lever; 

easiest,  quickest,  widest  dodge.  Operator 
shifts  gangs  to  right  or  left  by  light  pres¬ 
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in  pivoted  seat,  without  changing  gait  or 
direction  of  team.  The  only  two-row  culti¬ 
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The  Bradley  Expanding  Lever  regulates 
distance  between  gangs  for  rows  of  varying 
width.  Nothing  like  it  on  any  other 
cultivator. 

Depth  Regulation  Lever  for  each  gang 
and  Combined  Gang  Raising  and  Balancing 
Lever  tliat'lifts  ail  gangs  at  end  of  row  with¬ 
out  disturbing  their  depth  adjustment. 


Short  Hitch  and  Direct  Draft:  easy  on 
horses.  Draft  helps  to  lift  gangs,  also 
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Wheels,  42  inches  high,  wide  tires,  stag¬ 
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styles  can  be  used  on  the  same  cultivator. 

Materials,  only  the  best  of  steel  and 
malleable  iron  throughout;  money  can’t 
make  it  better. 


What  Tu-Ro 

B.  F.  D.  No.  4,  Box  82,  Blissfield,  Mich. 
Sears.  Roebuck  and  Co.,  Chicago.  III. 

Gentlemen: — I  want  to  say  that  the  David 
Bradley  Tu-Ro  Cultivator  I  bought  of  you  is  the 
best  put  up  and  most  satisfactory  cultivator  I 
ever  owned.  No  more  single  row  cultivators  for 
me.  1  hitched  three  horses  to  the  Tu-Ro,  one 
an  unbroken  colt,  and  started  in  to  work.  My 
boy  had  its  operation  learned  in  no  time,  and 
the  work  he  did  with  the  machine  was  an  eye 
opener  to  my  neighbors.  At  least  twenty-five 
farmers  have  been  over  to  see  my  Tu-Ro  work 
and  I  think  nearly  every  one  of  them  will  get 
one,  too.  If  anyone  wants  to  know  how  good  a 
machine  your  Tu-Ro  is,  tell  them  to  write  to  me. 

_ Yours  truly,  A.  J.  SELL. 


Users  Say. 

R.  F.  D.  No.  4,  Box  41,  Marlon,  Iowa. 
Sears,  Roebuck  and  Co.,  Chicago,  Ill- 

Gentlemen I  am  well  pleased  with  my  David 
Bradley  Tu-Ro  Cultivator.  1  have  plowed  corn 
crossways,  used  it  in  sod,  cornstalks,  and  for 
fall  plowing.  I  can  guide  it  with  one  foot  and 
dodge  every  crooked  hill.  A  neighbor  saw  it 
work  and  said:  “That  suits  me,”  and  then  went 
over  to  another  man  plowing  with  a  singles  row 
and  told  him  I  was  doing  better  work.  I  plowed 
8  acres  the  first  half  day.  the  first  time  over 
and  it  did  not  cover  up  any  more  than  a  single 
row.  I  also  like  it  because  it  is  close  to  the 
ground  and  I  can  always  see  both  rows.  I 
am  advising  all  my  neighbors  to  get  a  Tu-Ro. 

Yours  truly,  LEWIS  WEIS- 


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SEARS.ROEBUCKK 


663 


•  1911. 

THAT  CELEBRATED  GUERNSEY  CASE. 

Did  Missy  Give  Nine  Per  Cent  Milk? 

Part  III. 

As  we  have  pointed  out,  the  case  of 
this  Guernsey  cow  hinges  on  that  sam¬ 
ple  of  milk.  We  have  shown  that  it 
had  all  the  appearance  of  a  sample  of 
five  per  cent  milk  to  which  extra  cream 
had  been  added.  If  we  are  correctly  in¬ 
formed  this  cow,  Missy,  gave  about  a 
five  per  cent  milk  whenever  she  was 
watched  and  tested  by  outsiders  for  any 
length  of  time.  The  special  committee 
which  was  appointed  to  investigate  gives 
at  some  length  a  report  by  Prof.  IT.  C. 
Sherman.  His  argument  is  that  milk 
high  in  fat  also  contains  high  percent¬ 
age  of  solids  not  fat,  protein,  ash,  etc. 
He  compiles  analyses  of  normal  milk 
which  with  two  exceptions  show  that 
when  the  fat  is  high  the  other  solids 
are  also  high.  You  will  remember  that 
the  sample  said  to  be  Missy’s  milk  con¬ 
tained  8.98  per  cent  fat  and  8.83  per 
cent  solids  not  fat.  The  two  exceptions 
noted  by  Prof.  Sherman  were  as  fol¬ 
lows  : 

No.  1G.  This  sample  was  from  a  very 
old  and  feeble  cow,  which  had  not  been 
milked  regularly,  and  was  killed  the  next 
day :  Yield  the  day  of  test,  six  pounds. 

No.  17.  This  sample  was  taken  im¬ 
mediately  upon  the  arrival  of  the  cow,  after 
a  railway  journey.  Yield  for  the  day  only 
about  eight  pounds. 

These  cases  do  not  explain  the 
strange  analysis  of  Missy’s  milk.  She 
was  giving  a  large  mess — not  six  or 
eight  pounds  as  those  cows  were.  She 
was  vigorous  and  strong,  while  those 
other  cows  were  old  and  feeble,  or  tired 
out  from  a  long  journey.  They  present 
no  argument  therefore  to  prove  that  it 
was  probable  that  Missy  gave  nearly 
1200  pounds  of  milk  containing  more 
fat  than  other  solids.  In  fact,  as  we 
read  it,  Prof.  Sherman’s  argument 
makes  it  clear  that  normal  milk,  upon 
which  an  important  test  should  be  made, 
ought  to  show  a  high  per  cent  of  solids 
not  fat. 

We  have  no  quarrel  with  this  com¬ 
mittee.  As  Mr.  Hammond  says,  they 
did  a  lot  of  hard  and  unpleasant  work, 
but  we  think  their  conclusions  are  open 
to  fair  criticism.  Their  explanation  of 
these  remarkable  tests  is  that  Missy  am} 
the  other  cow,  Glenanaar,  were  suffer¬ 
ing  from  hoof  rot.  They  both  ate  their 
full  grain  rations,  “fully  recovered”  in 
two  days,  and  gave  from  27  to  30 
pounds  of  this  high-tested  milk  each 
day.  Does  any  dairyman  who  ever 

milked  a  cow  think  that  an  animal  which 
can  do  that  is  sick  enough  to  be  respon¬ 
sible  for  that  remarkable  milk  analysis? 

Prof.  Sherman  quotes  the  analysis  of 
three  cows  suffering  from  foot  rot,  on 
which  this  committee  laid  great  stress. 
Here  they  are : 

No.  1.  Fat  8.76%.  Solids  not  fat  9.01 

No.  2.  Fat  9.18%.  Solids  not  fat  10.63 

No.  3.  Fat  10.  %.  Solids  not  fat  10.61 

These  figures  go  to  prove  what  has 
already  been  stated,  that  in  cases  of  high 
per  cent  fat  the  solids  not  fat  are  still 
higher.  And  here  are  a  few  analyses 
of  the  milk  given  by  cows  that  were 
actually  sick.  This  list,  which  might  be 
greatly  extended,  is  taken  from  “Foods. 
Their  Composition  and  Analysis”  (page 
252) :  .  . 

Analysis  of  Milk  from  Sick  Cows. 

Per  Per  Cent. 

Cent.  Solids 

Fat.  Not  Fat.  Disease. 

2.8  11.04  Garget. 

3.75  6.14  Milk  fever. 

3.  2.96  9.07  Pneumonia. 

4.  6.05  11.12  Impaction  of 

_  rumen. 

o.  1)  2.77  8.21  Pulmonary  tuber- 

„  culosis. 

6.  1)  3.83  9.88  Pulmonary  tuber- 

_  _  culosis. 

i,  2)  2.60  6.80  Pulmonary  tuber- 

„  „  culosis. 

8.  2)  3.28  9.11  Pulmonary  tuber- 

„  culosis. 

9-  0.49  4.86  Tuberculosis  of  ud- 

„  der. 

10.  a  (0.15  (6.83  Tuberculosis  of  ud¬ 

der. 

10.  b  (13.75  (14.32  Tuberculosis  of  ud- 

„  „  „  der. 

11-  4.40  11.86  Retention  of  after- 

^  birth. 

12.  1.49  7.05  Typhus. 

1  From  the  same  cow ;  2)  from  the  same 
cow  ;  10a  from  diseased  quarter;  10b  from 
healthy  quarter. 

In  all  these  cases  the  per  cent  of 

solids  not  fat  in  the  milk  is  higher* 


THK  RURAh  NEW-YORKER 


than  the  fat  content  and  there  is  not  a 
case  in  the  list  where  the  entire  secre¬ 
tion  of  a  sick  cow  contained  nine  per 
cent  of  fat.  As  a  general  rule,  the  milk 
of  really  sick  cows  will  contain  ab¬ 
normally  low  fat  contents,  and  the 
solids  not  fat  are  just  as  apt  to  be 
above  normal  as  below,  but  will  also  be 
higher  than  the  fat.  The  milk  flow  of 
the  above  cows  is  only  given  in  two 
cases,  viz.,  No.  7,  one  gallon,  and  No. 
8,  70  cubic  centimeters,  or  about  W/2 
ounces.  In  other  cases,  the  cows  gave 
doubtless  more  milk  than  this,  but  we 
may  safely  assume  that  there  was  not  a 
single  cow  in  the  bunch  that  gave  nearly 
30  pounds  of  milk.  In  seems  evident, 
therefore,  that  a  cow  that  does  give  as 
much  milk  as  that,  cannot  be  very  sick 
and  that  the  fat  in  her  milk  could  not 
jump  from  4.89  to  nearly  nine  per  cent 
without  there  being  a  still  greater 
change  in  the  opposite  direction  in  the 
flow  of  milk. 

Next  week  we  can  go  still  further 
into  this  question  of  “hoof  rot”  and 
this  curious  sample  of  milk. 


The  Dairymen’s  League. 

I  would  like  to  know  full  particulars 
about  the  Dairymen’s  League,  their  rules 
and  how  they  help  the  farmers.  Do  you 
think  they  will  help  us  farmers  In  getting 
a  better  price  for  our  milk?  We  are  get¬ 
ting  four  cents  a  quart  for  milk  delivered 
to  Philadelphia  market ;  freight  was  raised 
from  22%  to  27%  cents  on  a  40-quart  can 
on  account  of  new  Pennsylvania  milk  law, 
and  no  raise  in  the  price  of  milk.  All  feed 
stuff  is  high.  M.  F.  c. 

Cookston,  N.  J. 

Write  Albert  Manning,  Otisville,  N.  Y., 
for  full  particulars  regarding  the  Dairy¬ 
men’s  League.  This  organization  is  a  good 
one  and  ought  to  be  extended. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Calf  Scours  Sfu£'Lc”r! 

CREL  OLL 

No  Failures  Guaranteed 

Also  the  only  known  remedy  for 
WHITE  DIARRHOEA  in  poultry. 
Caledonia  Chemical  Co.,  Caledonia,  N.  Y. 


O  EZ  Reasons 

CO  WKy 


Utmdllln  Silos  are  far  hotter  than  others  will 
be  mailed  you  promptly  on  receipt  of  yonr 
name  and  address.  UNADILLA  SILOS  have 
unobstructed,  continuous  Door  Fronts 
which  allow  you  to  shove  ensilage  out  In¬ 
stead  of  pitching  It  up  3  to  6  ft.  over  cross¬ 
bars.  It  costs  you  16  cents  a  ton  less  to  shove 
ensilage  ont  of  the  UNADILLA  SILO  than  It 
does  to  pitch  It  out  of  an  ordinary  ello.  Ad¬ 
justable  door  frame  to  and  from  doors,  mal¬ 
leable  iron  logs  cold  rolled  over  threads  on 
end  of  steel  hoops  %  stronger  than  on  ordinary  hoops. 
Extra  discount  for  earlv  orders.  Agents  wanted. 
ITXADILLA  KILO  CO..  Box  K.  Dnadllla,  N.  Y. 


tiff  IS 

"!!!  !S 

JliiiarJB 

Ullli'W 

ii  — 

II:  #1 
III  l'»!' 

'll 


No. 

1. 

o 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOR 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 
GUARANTEED  MONEY-SAVING 


INTERNATIONAL 

SILOS 


strongest  built,  simplest  to  put  up  and  easiest  operated 
on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take-up  hoop— 
continuous  open-door  front — air-tight  door  and  per¬ 
manent  ladder  are  some  "f  unusual  features.  Th« 

International  8llo  <’o-  fid  Slain  8t..  Linear!!!*.  Wm* 


FREE  TO  FARMERS 

A  Valuable  160-page  book  entitled 

“SILO  PROFITS” 

Written  by  200  of  the  most  successful 
Feeders,  Farmers  and  Dairymen  In 
the  World.  (£?*  Every  farmer  In 
America  should  read  this  book,  and 
as  long  as  our  supply  of  these  books 
last  we  will  mail  one  copy  free  to 
each  person  asking  for  It.  It  gives 
theactual  experience  of  these  farm¬ 
ers  and  in  their  own  words. 

Our  Factories  are  located  at  An¬ 
derson,  Ind.,  DesMoines,  Iowa,  and  1 1  — _ 

Kansas  City,  Write  NOW  *«o;i  r*«  i 

.Missouri.  JftaTfor  this  book  OlIO  t^rOIltS 

,10  INDIANA  SILO  COMPANY  > 
ol»  Union  Building.  Anderson,  Indiana 


J 

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i 

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1 

HARDER  MFG.  CO. 

i  BOX  11  COBLESKILL,  N.Y. 

1 

n 

i 

3 

C 

r, 

™ ROSS  SILO 


The  only  thoroughly  manufactured 
Silo  on  the  market.  Full  length  stave. 
Continuous  door  frame  complete  with 
ladder.  Triple  beveled  silo  door  with 
hinges.  Equipped  with  extra  heavy 
hoops  at  bottom. 

AIR  TIGHT 

Makes  winter  feed  equal  to  Jr.ns 
grass.  THE  ROSS  will  more  than  pay 
for  itself  in  one  season.  Writ,  to¬ 
day  for  catalog  which  gives  fact,  that 
will  sav.  you  money.  Agents  wanted. 
The  E.  W.  Ross  Co.(Est,1850) 
1ELD.  OHIO 


B.x  13 


HPBINOFIi 


A  Good  Judge  of  Cows 

is  likely  to  be  a  good  judge  of  a  cream  separator..  The 
same  quality  of  brains  that  enables  a  man  to  breed  high- 
class  dairy  cattle,  leads  him  to  buy  the  best  cream  separator. 

It  is  worth  noting  that  the  man  who  produced  the 
World's  Record  Holstein  cow 

COLANTHA  4TH’S  JOHANNA, 

has  a  United  States  Cream  Separator.  This  man  is 
W.  J.  Gillette,  of  Rosendale,  Wis. 

And  do  you  know  that  the  owner  of 

JACOBA  IRENE, 

the  great  record-breaking  Jersey  cow,  A.  O.  Auten,  of 
Jerseyville,  Ill.,  uses  the  United  States  Separator  on  his 
farm  ? 

Also  the  owners  of  the  wonderful  $10,000  Guernsey  cow 

YEKSA  SUNBEAM, 

the  Rietbrock  estate,  of  Helendale  Farms,  at  Athens, 

Wi».,  use  four  United  States  Separators  on  their  farms. 

TWILIGHT  LONAN. 

Chas.  L.  Hill,  of  Rosendale,  Wis.,  owner  of  the 
celebrated  Guernsey  cow  Twilight  Lonan,  uses  a  United 
States  Cream  Separator  on  his  farm. 

LORETTA  D. 

F.  H.  Scribner,  of  Rosendale,  Wis.,  who  developed 
the  celebrated  Jersey  cow  Loretta  D.,  and  who  is  one  of 
the  great  Jersey  breeders  of  the  country,  uses  a  United 
States  Cream  Separator. 

If  the  United  States  Separator  is  the  separator  for 
these  business  men  and  thousands  of  others,  leaders  of  the 
dairy  world,  why  not  for  you?  These  experts — men  who 
know,  and  do — require  the  use  of  a  separator  which  skims 
closest,  washes  easiest,  runs  easiest,  and  wears  longest. 

This  is  the  reason  they  all  choose  the  United  States 
Separator.  Send  for  Catalog  No.  159  today. 

The  United  States  Separator  holds  World’s  Record, 
therefore  is  the  World’s  Standard  Separator. 

Vermont  Farm  Machine  Co.,  Bellows  Falls,  Vermont. 

Distributing  Warehouses  in  all  Dairy  Sections. 


Send  Us  25  Cents  TODAY  for  Box  of 

Labaree’s  Gall  Cure 

A  guaranteed  cure  for  Galls,  Sore  Shoulders  and 
Backs,  Corns,  Cracked  Heels.  Mud  Scalds,  Scratches 
and  Grease,  and  all  skin  diseases  of  cattle,  horses  and 
sheep.  Contains  no  mercury  or  other  harmful  drug. 
FREE — Book  on  Treatment  of  Wounds 
. .  of  Domestic  Animals. 

VERMONT  DRUG  CO..  Bellow*  Falls.  Vt. 


Seldom  See 

a  big  knee  like  this,  but  your  horse  may- 
have  a  bunch  or  bruise  on  his  Ankle, 
Hock,  Stifle,  Knee  or  Throat. 


INH 


Before  After 


will  clean  them  off  without  laying  the 
horse  up.  No  blister,  no  hair  gone. 
12.00  per  bottle  delivered.  Describe  your  case  for 
special  instructions  and  Hook  8  E  free. 

ABSOBBINE,  JK.,  liniment  for  mankind.  Re¬ 
moves  Painful  Swellings,  Enlarged  Glands, 
Goitre,  Wens,  Bruises,  Varicose  Veins,  Varicosities, 
Old  Sores.  Allays  Pain.  Price  $1  and  $2  a  bottle  at 
druggists  or  delivered.  Manufactured  only  by 

W. F. YOUNG,  P. D.  F.. 88  Temple  St..  Springfield,  Ma«. 


A  $100  HORSE 

y  quickly  become  worthless  by  developing  a  I 
irb,  spavin,  splint  or  going  lame.  Don’t  sad' 
flee  him.  Cure  bun  with 

Quinn’s  Ointment 

I  It  cures  permanently  and  absolutely  all  common  I 
I  horse  ailments.  The  unfailing  remedy  of  years 
|  which  has  the  confidence  of  horse  owners.  3  1 .  a 
bottle.  AU  druggists  or  by  mail.  Testimonials  free. 

W.  B.  Eddy  &  Co.  Whitehall.  N.  Y. 


Milk  Fever  Outfits. 

rYEilOK  N BUS,  Teat  Syphons,  Slitters, 

•*-'  Dilators,  etc.  Received  only  award 
World’s  Fairs  Chicago  and  St.  Louis. 

Write  for  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

HAUSSMANN  &  DDNN  CO. 

($92  South  Clark  Street,  Chicago,  Ill. 


Philadelphia  <$IUOS 


have  a  10  year  reputation  for  strength  and  efficiency. 
Posiitively  the  only  Silos  made  that  have  an  Opening 
Root — Only  Continuous  Open  Front.  Our  SO  ft.  Silo 
equals  other  36  ft.  Silos  capacity.  Over  5,000  in  use. 
Opening  roof  works  automatically— permits  Silos  be¬ 
ing  fully  packed.  Also  splendid  line  in  Water  Tanks, 
Gasoline  Engines,  Pumps,  etc.  Get  free  catalogue. 

E.  F.  SCHLICHTER  CO.,  129  Fuller  Bldg.,  Phila.,  Pa. 


OUR  GUARANTY 

We  guarantee  that  the 
PAFEC  will  out  and  elevate 
more  silage  than  any  other 
cutter,  same  power  being 
used,  and  that  it  will  elevate 
ilage  50  feet  with  less  power 
’■an  any  other  cutter. 

PNEUMATIC 
ENSILAGE  CUTTER 

Always  ready  for  business;  easy  to  set 
up  and  operate;  never  clogs.  Durably 
built— no  wood  to  twist  and  warp.  Write 
for  new  book.  “How  to  Prepare  Ensilage’’ 
—its  IBii..  Agents  wanted  in  several 
localities,  attractive  proposition. 

25  Distributing  Points  In  U  S. 

PAPEC  MACHINE  CO. 

Box  JO  Sbortsville,  N.  Y. 


NEWTON’S  HEAVE 

COUCH,  DISTEMPER  Alinr- 
AND  INDIGESTION  V/Ul\C.  » 

The  Standard  Veterinary  Remedy. 


Makes  the  horse  sound,  Stay  sound 

DEATH  TO  HEAVES 

The  lirst  or  second  $1.00  can  cures  Heaves.  The  third 
can  Is  guaranteed  to  cure  or  money  refunded. 
$1.00  per  can  at  dealers,  or  express  prepaid. 

THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CtL,  Toledo.  Ohio 

MINERAL 
H  E  AVE 
REMEDY 


NE6LECT 
Will  Ruin 
YourHorse1 . 

Send  today  for 
only 

PERMANENT 


SAFE 
CERTAIN* 


$3  PACKAGE 

will  cure  any  case  or 
money  refunded. 

$1  PACKACE 

cures  ordinary  cases. 
Postpaid  on  receipt  of 
price.  Agents  Wanted. 

Write  for  descriptive  booklet. 


$1. 


Mineral  Heave  Remedy  Co.,  461  fourth  Avenue.  Pittsburg.  Pfc 

lor  a  Horse 

Save  a  horse  and  you  won’t 
have  to  buy  one.  Don’t  sell 
or  destroy  any  horse  on 
,  account  of  Spavin,  Splint, 
Ringbone,  Curb,  Sprains  or 
any  lameness.  Spend  one 
dollar  for  a  bottle  of 

Kendall's  Spavin  Cure 

—the  old  reliable  remedy.  Thousands  have  made  big 
money  buying  "broken  down”  horses,  then  curing 
them  with  Kendall's.  Thousands  have  saved  big 
money  using  this  sure,  quick,  economical  cure.  Mr. 
G.  H.  Corbin  of  Kingmont,  W.Va. ,  writes: 

“Gentlemen;— Have  used  a  great  deal  | 
of  Kendall's  Spavin  Cure  and  have  never  ' 
found  anything  equal  to  It.  I  used  it  on 
a  mare  which  I  only  paid  fifty  dollars 
for  and  since  1  cured  her  of  the 
Spavin  I  have  refused  to  take  two 
hundred  dollars  for  her. 

Get  Kendall’s  Spavin  Cure  at  any 
druggist’s.  Price,  »1  per  bottle.  ' 

6  bottles  for  *5.00.  “A  Treatise 
on  the  Horse”  free  at  drug¬ 
gists  or  from 

Dr.B.  J.  Kendall  Co.' 

Enosburg  Falls,  Vermont.U.S.A 


654 


April  29, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


I  have  been  solicited  by  an  agent  repre¬ 
senting  Herbert  Myrick  for  the  purchase  of 
five  shares  of  the  stock  of  the  North  West 
Orange  Judd  Company,  at  .$105  per  share. 
Do  you  think  it  a  safe  investment?  It  is 
guaranteed  to  pay  six  per  cent,  dividend 
for  five  years.  H.  h. 

New  York. 

It  is  a  coincidence  that  the  following 
clipping  came  since  we  received  the 
above  inquiry: 

The  Post  Office  Department  investigated 
the  subscription  lists  of  several  publica¬ 
tions  which  are  printed  in  New  England, 
the  Middle  West  and  the  Far  West,  all 
under  the  control  of  the  Myrick  concern, 
and  on  the  findings  of  the  investigators 
notified  the  company  that  it  would  have  to 
pay  first-class  rates  hereafter  instead  of 
second-class  rates.  The  difference,  accord¬ 
ing  .to  Myrick,  would  amount  to  $18,000 
per  week.  It  would  more  than  eat  up  the 
rofits,  and  would  put  the  concern  out  of 
usiness  in  a  short  time. — New  York  World. 


P 

b 


We  have  no  other  facts  about  the 
Post  Office  investigation  further  than 
this ;  but  how  these  papers  succeeded 
in  passing  the  Post  Office  officials  for 
second  class  mail  privileges  has  been  a 
matter  of  comment  by  legitimate  pub¬ 
lishers  for  some  time.  If  bringing  them 
within  the  limits  of  the  postal  regu¬ 
lations  would  cost  them  $18,000  a 
week,  the  investment  does  not  seem  al¬ 
luring.  But  aside  from  this  feature,  let 
us  look  at  it  from  another  view.  This 
company  was  organized  within  a  year. 
The  stock  authorized  is  $1,000,000,  and 
$750,000  worth  of  this  has  apparently 
been  turned  over  to  another  Myrick 
concern  for  limited  consideration.  The 
only  asset  seems  to  be  a  paper  published 
as  an  edition  of  one  of  the  Myrick  pub¬ 
lications.  From  present  appearance  it 
cannot  be  said  to  be  more  than  a  ven¬ 
ture.  There  seems  to  be  $250,000  of  the 
stock  in  the  treasury.  Assuming  that 
the  proceeds  of  this  stock  goes  to  de¬ 
velop  the  business,  even  then  the  earn¬ 
ings  of  75  cents  out  of  your  dollar  goes 
to  the  other  Myrick  concern  in  which 
you  may  have  no  interest.  If  your  guar¬ 
antee  is  made  by  a  responsible  party, 
you  will  of  course  get  your  dividend 
five  years,  but  you  have  no  guarantee 
for  dividend  or  stock  afterwards,  and 
you  take  a  chance  on  the  guarantee  be* 1 
sides.  It  is  a  safe  policy  to  let  pub¬ 
lishers  finance  their  own  ventures. 

The  Human  Life  Publishing  Company 
has  made  an  assignment  to  Herbert  H. 
White.  It  is  believed  that  the  liabilities 
will  be  in  excess  of  $50,000.  The  company 
was  established  in  .Tune,  1905.  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  publishing  Human  Life,  a  five  cent 
magazine.  Its  capital  stock  was  $500,000. 
with  a  par  value  of  $10  a  share,  all  of 
which,  it  is  asserted,  was  issued.  In  Novem¬ 
ber  of  last  year  it  was  voted  to  increase 
the  capital  stock  by  issuing  30.000  more 
shares.  It  is  stated  that  much  of  the 
company’s  stock  was  taken  up  by  subscrib¬ 
ers  to  the  magazine. — Daily  Paper. 

This  is  one  of  the  publications  that 
has  been  selling  stock  to  its  readers  un¬ 
der  promises  of  big  profits — a  Lewis 
imitator.  Some  time  ago  The  R.  N.-Y. 
was  threatened  with  a  libel  suit  because 
it  advised  its  subscribers  to  keep  their 
money. 

Three  indictments  of  three  counts  each 
against  Victor  M.  Weil,  a  Boston  mine  pro¬ 
moter,  charging  the  use  of  the  mails  in  a 
sch"eme  to  defraud,  were  returned  by  the 
Federal  Grand  Jury  April  11.  It  is  charged 
that  Weil,  by  misrepresenting  the  value  of 
the  stock  of  the  Goldfield-Boston  Consoli¬ 
dated  Mining  Corporation  of  Nevada,  in  let¬ 
ters  and  printed  matter  sent  through  the 
mails  in  1908,  defrauded  several  persons. 

If  the  Post  Office  Department  keeps 
this  up  it  will  save  the  people  of  the 
country  millions  of  dollars  annually.  It 
is  simply  astonishing  to  see  the  amount 
of  money  these  rogues  pick  up  from 
poor  and  inexperienced  people. 

In  the  Fall  of  1907  I  sold  Harry  D. 
Smith  then  of  Albion,  now  of  Savoy,  196 
State  street,  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  908  barrels 
of  apples  at  his  own  price.  He  was  our 
largest  buyer  at  the  time.  He  yet  owes 
me  a  balance  of  $438.80  on  the  sale.  He 
has  promised  to  pay  it  at  various  times, 
but  of  late  I  have  not  been  able  to  get  near 
him.  It  is  said  he  owes  $80,000  in  Al¬ 
bion  for  apples.  He  yet  continues  in  the 
business.  At  the  time  of  this  deal  he  was 
buying  in  his  own  name ;  but  it  is  now 
said  he  acts  for  another  house.  Can  you 
collect  the  account  for  me?  J.  a  b. 

New  York. 

We  regret  we  have  been  unable  to 
collect  this  account,  and  we  have  been 
unable  to  get  any  rating  or  any  informa¬ 
tion  about  Mr.  Smith  that  would  justify 
an  extension  of  credit  to  him.  Efforts 
to  interview  him  either  at  his  office  or 
at  his  home  were  unsuccessful.  He  is 
reported  as  a  stranger  to  the  trade  in 
Rochester  and  nothing  is  known  in 
reference  to  his  general  affairs.  It  is  re¬ 
ported  that  he  came  from  Chicago.  This 
account  seems  not  to  be  disputed,  and  it 
would  be  a  wholesome  influence  if  other 
growers  would  refuse  to  deal  with  him 
on  any  terms  until  he  settled  such  ac¬ 
counts. 


THE  RURAh 

The  Pioneer  Land  Company,  Decatur, 
Ill.,  think  we  did  them  an  injustice  on 
March  11  in  intimating  that  their  way 
of  selling  land  had  Ostrander  elements 
in  it.  They  say  they  do  not  exact  an 
advance  fee,  but  they  do  exact  advance 
payment  for  printing  of  “sale  bills,”  and 
for  cost  of  large  sign,  and  for  railroad 
travel  of  the  auctioneer  who  is  to  sell 
the  farm.  They  then  get  a  commission 
on  the  sale,  and  one-half  all  the  pur¬ 
chase  money  above  a  fixed  net  price  pre¬ 
viously  agreed  upon.  Of  course  there 
would  be  no  objection,  if  the  charges 
were  fair,  and  the  whole  matter  under¬ 
stood  and  agreed  upon.  But  Ostrander 
originally  guaranteed  that  the  “listing 
fee”  would  be  all  used  up  in  advertis¬ 
ing  each  piece  of  property  listed,  and  he 
made  it  seem  fair  to  receive  the  fee. 
These  people  no  doubt  can  sell  farms 
no  matter  where  located  for  cash  within 
30  days  as  advertised,  if  you  are  will¬ 
ing  to  accept  the  auction  bid,  but  how 
many  men  want  them  sold  on  such 
terms? 

Last  year  you  printed  a  notice  about  the 
Guild,  and  we  were  able  to  place  a  great 
many  women  in  good  country  positions 
through  the  correspondence  which  followed. 
Would  you  repeat  it  this  year? 

GUILD  OF  THE  IXFAXT  SAVIOUR. 

105  East  22d  street,  New  York. 

This  is  a  worthy  charity,  and  we  are 
glad  to  comply  with  the  request.  These 
good  women  are  spending  their  time 
without  thought  of  compensation  to  help 
the  poor.  They  take  great  pains  to  se¬ 
lect  the  right  woman  for  the  application  ; 
but  it  would  be  too  much  to  expect  that 
they  would  always  be  able  to  send  just 
the  woman  required,  or  that  those  sent 
would  invariably  prove  satisfactory. 
They  do  the  best  they  can,  and  our  in¬ 
formation  is  that  they  are  usually  suc¬ 
cessful. 

Is  the  Bishop  Crock  Gold  Company,  with 
headquarters  at  200  William  street.  New 
York  City,  a  safe  investment?  A  neighbor 
here  is  paying  monthly.  reader. 

Pennsylvania. 

This  is  the  Gaylord  Wilshire  scheme, 
promoted  through  Wilshire’s  Magazine. 
Wilshire  is  in  London,  and  reported  to 
be  financially  embarrassed.  The  Post 
Office  inspectors  are  looking  for  him. 
Last  week  his  concern  vacated  the  prem¬ 
ises  at  above  address,  and  it  is  claimed 
no  rent  has  been  paid  for  six  months 
past.  Your  neighbor  would  better  credit 
his  money  to  experience  and  pay  no 
more.  The  longer  he  pays,  the  more  he 
loses.  j.  j.  d. 


•55  Buys  Best 

140-Egg  Incubator 

Double  cases  all  over ;  best  copper 
tank;  nursery,  self-regulating. 
Best  UO-cliick  hot-water  brooder, 
$4.85.  Both  ordered  together, 

$11.50.  Freight  prepaid  (E.  of 
Rockies). 

No  machines 
at  any  price 

are  better.  Satisfaction  guar¬ 
anteed.  Write  for  book  today 
or  send  price  now  and  save  time. 

Belle  City  Incubator  Company,  Box  48  Racmef  Wisconsin 


NEW  POULTRY  BOOK 

■  __  _  j,  Conkey’snew.  big,  80-page  illus- 

JIIST  If  BBT  trated  guide  for  beginners,  and 
^  reference  for  experienced  poul- 

trymen.  Up-to-date  housing  methods,  feeding,  hatch¬ 
ing,  saving  the  chicks;  how  to  prevent  and  treat 
disease.  Chickens,  turkeys,  ducks,  geese.  There’s  a 
copy  for  you  for  the  asking.  Send  name,  also  name  of 
nearest  poultry  supply  dealer,  and  4c  (stamps)  for  postage. 

THE  G.  E.  CONKEY  COMPANY 
69  Commercial  Bltlg.  (45)  Cleveland,  Ohio 


Wo  ship 
1  (quick  from 
St.  Paul,  Buffalo, 
Kansas  City  or 
ltaciao. 


MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Prod  acts.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1844 
R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill,  N.  Y 

POULTRY  SUPPLIES 

Everything  for  the  poultryman  at  low  prices;  Auto 
matic  Feeders,  Hall  Mammoth  and  Model  Incuba 
tors.  Feed,  Remedies,  Hen-e-ta.  Rat  Corn,  Liverine 
LegBands.etc.  Prompt  shipments.  W rite  forcatalog 

67  BARCLAY  ST 
New  York 


HARRIES  &  BENEDICT  CO. 


S.  C.  White  Leghorns 

I  pl/nuinui  Farm  ous,  mature  birds.  Free  range.  700 
LtlnClICn  I  a  I  III  Pullets  and  Hens  for  sale  reasonably 
to  make  room  for  young  stock,  getting  over  400  eggs  per 
day  from  same.  Eggs  and  Stock.  R.F.D.  2,  Peekskill,  N.  Y 


r'F  ORPINGTON  EGGS— 15,  $1.00;  30,  $1,50;  100, $4.00 
White  Holland  Turkey  Eggs— 9,  $2.50;  18,  $4.50 
Fowls  on  free  range.  W.  A.  L0THERS,  Perulack,  Pa. 


The  Big  White  Egg  Makers 

Rose  Comb  Black  Minorcas,  Indian  Runner  Ducks. 

The  Big  White  Birds 

Crystal  White  Orpingtons— Utilities,  Beauties. 
Year  round  layers.  Eggs  for  hatching.  Circular 
free.  F.  N.  ADAMS,  Route  1,  Orwell,  Ohio. 

Pnill  TDV-35  Breeds— Bred  for 

rUUL  I  II  I  Laying — Choice  eggs  for  hatch¬ 
ing.  Large  circular  illustrated  in  colors  free.  Also 
a  few  fine  O.  I.  C.  Pigs  for  sale.  Address 
JOHN  E.  HEATWOLE,  Harrisonburg,  Virginia. 

from  high  record  W.  P.  Rock  Hens,  $2 
for  15,  $5  for  45.  Incubator  eggs  $0  per 
100.  A,  S.  BRIAN,  Mt.  Kisco,  N.  Y. 


EGGS 


RIRDS  OF  QUALITY,  Bred  to  lay;  S.  C.  W.  Leghorn 

1  ’  Hatching  Eggs,  $6  per  100;  Chicks,  $12  per  100. 
S.  C.  R.  I.  Red  Eggs,  $8  per  100;  Chicks,  $15 per  100. 

THE  WINONA  FARMS  .  Drawer 272  .  LANSDALE,  PA. 


NEWrYORKER 

Which OiteWill You  r.  -» 

Test  on  Your  Farm 
for  Ninety  Days?  ^ 

Freight  Prepaid 

Which  will  yon  try.  30  Days’  Free  or  90  Days’  Ap¬ 
proval  Test? 

— Any  capacity  from  200  to  950  pounds  per  hour, 
according  to  your  needs,  and  I’ll  save  you  from  $25.00 
to  $50.00  on  the  price. 

— The  only  Separator  whose  gearing  runs  in  a  "Bath 
of  Oil”  likca$5.000  automobile — Feature  worth  $50.00  alone. 

— Automatically  oils  itself — Pour  oil  at  the  top.once  a  month 
from  your  oil  jug  or  can — No  danger  of  running  dry,  or  ruining 
it  like  others— No  oil  cups  to  remember  to  fill  or  turn  up  twice  a  day. 

— Dust-proof  —  Danger-proof — All  gears  enclosed — simple  but 
standard  built  and  absolutely  dependable. 

'GALLOWAY’S  “Bath  in  Oil” 

HIGH  GRADE  STANDARD  CREAM 


Only 

75 


—Has  the  only  revolving  supply  tank — worth  $15.00  alone, 
—Easiest  to  clean  and  the  few  parts  come  out  easy  and 
can’t  get  back  out  of  place. 

#  —Easiest  to  run— high  crank— low  tank.  With  no  high 
lifting  and  nc  "back-breaking”  cranking. 

— Gets  the  finest  quality  cream  and  all  of  it — no  lumps 
or  churning,  as  Nature’s  true  principle  is  followed  without 
forcing  either  the  milk  or  cream  the  wrong  way  up  or  down. 

— Skims  closest  in  any  climate  or  season,  no  matte? 
whether  your  milk  is  warm  or  cold. 

— Is  as  handsome  a  machine,  compact  and  substantial, 
as  you  ever  saw  or  could  find.  Beautiful  finish. 


SEP A RA TORS 

— Let  me  send  you  my  Big  New  Sep¬ 
arator  Book— post  paid— Free,  so  you  and  your  wife  and 
the  boys  and  girls  can  talk  it  over  and  then  try  one  of 
my  separators  under  my  easy  plan  for  you  to  do  it. 

You’ll  call  it  the  best  if  you  test  it  alongside  any  of  the 
highest  priced  $85.00  and  $110.00  separators  sold  by 
anybody  today — makers — catalog  houses— dealers — jobbers 
or  anybody  else.  Write  me  today. 

Wnt.  Galloway,  Pres. 

WM.  GALLOWAY  COMPANY 

DBS  Galloway  St  a.,  Waterloo,  la. 


THE  BEST  S.  C.  REDS 

ARE 

DAVIS’  200  EGG  STRAIN 

FAAA  Utility . $1  per  13;  $0  per  100 

kllllw  Special  Matings  ...  $2  per  13;  $10  per  100 

-  Prize  Matings  ....  $5  per  13;  Mammoth 

Hot  Water  Incubatqr  Baby  Chicks  ....  $15  per  100 
Book  Orders  Now  Circular  Free 

DAVIS  POULTRY  FARM,  Berlin,  Mass. 

Van  Alstyne’s  Rhode  Island  Reds 

10  Utility  Cockerels  at  $3.00  each';  100  S.  C.  Year¬ 
ling  Hens  at  $2.00  each;  50  S.  C.  surplus  Pullets  at 
$2.50  each.  Eggs  for  hatching  in  any  number. 

JAS.  E.  VAN  ALSTYNE,  Kinderliook,  N.Y. 

Eggs  For  Hatching-!?, !!!“;:'” 

Indian  Runner  Ducks.  High-class  stock- 
utility,  show  or  export  SINCLAIR  SMITH,  602 
Fifth  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Auctin’e  S.  G.  R.  1.  REDS— Bred  to  lay  and  they 
AA.UM1I1  »  ,]0  ]ay  Eggs  $1.50  per  15,  $6.00  per  100. 
AUSTIN  POULTRY  FARM,  Centre  Harbor,  N.  H. 

REDS  EXCLUSIVELY 

Eggs  from  Single  Comb  Handsome  Dark  Matings, 
$2.00  for  13;  $8.00  per  100.  From  Utility  Heavy 
Layers,  $1.00  for  13;  $4.50  per  100. 

O  V  K  R  L  O  O  K  P  O  U  L  T  R  Y  F  A  R  M 
Tel.  59-4  Foxboro,  Mass. 

THOROUGH-BRED  POULTRY— Best  twenty  varieties. 

4  Good  stock.  Eggs,  15,  $1 ;  40,  $2.  Catalogue. 
H.  K.  MOHR,  Qnakertown,  Pa.,  Route  3. 

\ A/RIGHT’S  WHITE  WYAN00HE  WINNERS-Eggs,  $4.50 
If  for  100.  Baby  Ohix,  $12.50  for  100;  $7  00  for  50. 
GRAND  VIEW  FARM,  Stanfordville,  N.  Y. 

DD III  T0YMCW~Sen<i  10  cents  for  our  fine  60- 
lUUL  1  n  I  IflLll  page  Illustrated  Catalogue. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Marietta, Pa. 

C  NOW  WHITE  WYANDOTTE  EGGS  for  hatching,  $1  per  15, 

U  $5  per  100.  A  few  good  Cockerels.  Circular  froe. 
GOLDENROD  FARM,  Dept.  R,  Stewartstown,  Pa. 

SPECIAL  OFFER— White  Rock  Eggs.  $1  15;  $5  "f,  100. 

Partridge  Cochin  Eggs,  $1.25  f?  15;  $6.00  100. 

Partridge  Wyandotte  Eggs.  $1.00  15;  $5.00  $  100. 

Barred  Rock  Eggs.  $1.25  $  15;  $7.00  100. 

Fresh  eggs  from  good  stock,  free  range  and  healthy. 

Circular  prices  hold  on  your  choice  of  matings. 
MINCII  BROS.,  R-S2,  Bridgeton,  N.  ,T. 

EGGS — $1  pt*r  15,  $2  per  40  of  Tlior.  Brahma*.  Kochs,  Wyan¬ 
dottes,  Ked«,  Minorcas,  Houdans,  Leghorns,  Hamburg*;  19  var., 

28  years’  experience.  Catalogue.  S.  K.  Mohr,  Coopers  burg,  Pa. 

CINE  QUALITY  ORPINGTONS,  black  and  white.  Owens’ 

•  and  Cook's  strains.  $2  and  $3  per  sitting.  $10 
per  100.  REV.  J.  D.  GRAHAM  Lyonsville.  Mass. 

Oft  KOflS  $1.00 — leading  varieties,  62  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 

L  U  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  T-arge  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  l’a. 

Buff,  Wh.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  S.  C.  R.I.Red. 
Eggs,  90 c.  per  15,  $1.50  per  30.  $2.75  per  60,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  Pa. 

Barred  Plymouth  Rock  wW„T  or£ 

raised  birds.  Great  laying  strain,  $1.25  per  15; 
$4.50  per  100.  CHAS.  T.  DOWNING,  West  Chester,  Pa. 

F  ft  G  C— Guaranteed  fertile;  from  range -grown 
LUOO  stock  that  pay  large  pi  oft  ts  at  the  egg  basket 

MAPLE  COVE  POULTRY  FARM  .  .  R,  D.  24,  Athens,  Pa. 

KEAN’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTES 

Bred  for  large  size,  heavy  laying  and  fancy  pur¬ 
poses.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  setting;  $5.00 per  100,  for  re¬ 
mainder  of  season.  Address 

E.  FRANKLIN  KEAN  ....  Stanley,  N.  Y. 

“THREE  COLUMBIAN  WYANDOTTES 

,  Combine  more  of  beauty  and  utility  than 
U  A  ft  o  any  breed  today.  Right  there  with  the 

eggs  every  time.  Stock  and  Hatching  Eggs.  Free  illus¬ 
trated  Mating  List  of  winners.  Address 

RALPH  WOODWARD,  Box  28.  Grafton,  Mass. 

Farmers  and  Poultrymen. 

You  must  not  blame  us  if  occasionally  our  en¬ 
thusiasm  bubbles  over  when  speaking  of  our  cus¬ 
tom  hatching  department  as  carried  on  by  our 
experts  in  our  mammoth  hot  water  incubator. 
Results  are  showing  people  all  over  the  country 
that  we  know  our  business  by  saving  them  time, 
worry  and  money,  and  giving  them  stronger  chicks 
than  the  old  lien  or  kerosene  oil  fume  incubators 
ever  did.  You  send  us  the  eggs— we’ll  do  the  rest — 
do  it  right  and  send  you  the  chicks.  Write  for  in¬ 
formation  and  prices,  anyway. 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM,  Millerton,  N.  Y. 

Golden  &  Silver  Laced  Wyandottes 

Best  egg  strain.  Swart  Mercantile  Co.,  Margaretville,  N.Y, 

WHITE  WYANDOTTES  EXCLUSIVELY 

Free  range,  extra  good  winter  laying  strain,  $1.00  per 
15  eggs;  $5.00  per  100.  F.  CYRUS  TWINING,  Pineville,  Pa. 

BABY  CHICKS — Single  Comb  White  Leghorns, 
Rose  Comb  i Rhode  Island  Reds,  10c  and  12c  each. 
Strong  and  livable.  From  vigorous  free  range  stock, 
bred  for  utility  and  standard  qualities.  Safe  delivery 
guaranteed.  WESLEY  GRIN NELL,  Sodus,  N.  Y. 

S.  G.  White  Leghorn  BABY  CHICKS 

$10  per  100  in  any  quantity.  Breeders  are  vigorous 
yearlings  and  2-year-olds.  Circular.  VANCREST 
POULTRY  FARM,  Salt  Point,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y. 


RICHLAND  FARMS. 

Breeders  and  Exhibitors 

S.  C.  WHITE  EKGHOltNS, 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS, 

S.  C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS. 


HATCHING  EGGS 
Half  Price  After  May  1st. 

S.  C.  White  Leghorns. 
One  Setting.  15  eggs  $1.00 
Two  Settings,  30  eggs..  1.75 

One  hundred  eggs .  4.00 

One  thousand  eggs . 35.00 

White  Plymouth  Rocks 
&  S.  C.  Black  Orpingtons 
1  Setting,  15  eggs,$l  25  &$2. 50 

100  eggs . $7.00  &  $14.00 

Fertility  Guaranteed. 
RICHLAND  FARMS, 


BABY  CHICKS. 
100  or  less,  each. ...15c 
500  or  more,  eac 1 1  12J^c 
White  Plymouth 
Rocks  &  S.  C.  Black 
Orpingtons. 

100  or  less,  each _ 25c 

We  guarantee  safe 
arrival  of  chicks  in 
first-class  condition. 
Frederick,  Md. 


LAKEHILL  FARM 

W.  H.  THACH15R. 

Single  and  Hose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W.  P.  Hocks 
and  Imp.  Pekin  Ducks.  Cockerels  and  Ducks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  in  any  quantity  from  $2  up. 
Chicks.  $15  per  100.  Ducklings,  $25  per  100.  Write 
for  special,  prices  in  large  lots.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  of  batching  eggs  and  day  old  chicks 
and  ducklings.  Safe  delivery  and  satisfaction 
guaranteed.  CAHLW.  LLOYD,  Mgr,, 

Hillside.  Westchester  County,  N.  Y. 

S.C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Cockerels,  $1.50;  ohl  hens,  $2.00. 
chicks,  8c.  each.  If  more  than  lour 
chicks  are  dead  ^ 
to  each  100  you 
b  u y ,  whe  u 
reaching  your 
express  office,  I  r 
will  make  good , 
the  loss.  Cata¬ 
log  about  chick 
feeding  and  diseases  free. 

C.  M.  Lauver,  Box  73,  Richfield, Pa. 


Bonnie  Brae  White  Leg¬ 
horns  and  Pekin  Ducks 


ARE  BETTER 
than  ever. 
Eggs  from  our 
heavy  laying 
strains  now 
ready;  also  some  choice  matings  of  Barred  and 
White  Plymouth  Rocks,  Rose  Comb  White  Leg¬ 
horns,  White  Wyandottes,  Single  and  Rose  Comb 
Rhode  Island  Reds,  Light  Brahmas,  Mammoth 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Pearl  Guinea  Fowl.  Orders 
for  early  settings  and  baby  chicks  now  booked. 
Get  some  prize  matings  at  right  prices.  BONNIE 
BRAE  POULTRY  FARM,  NEW  ROCHELLE,  N  Y.  Largest 
successful  plant  in  New  York  vicinity.  10,000-egg 
capacity.  Agents  for  Cyphers  Incubator  Company. 
Correspondence  invited. 

MT.  PLEASANT  FARM 

A  b  reeding  establishment  of  250  acres, 
devoted  to  developing  the  best 

S.  O.  W.  LEGHORNS 

Fine  Breeding  Cockerels  at  reasonable  prices. 

MT.  PLEASANT  FARM,  Box  Y.  HAVRE  DE  GRACE,  Maryland. 

PULLET<i“S  c  w  LEGHORNS— Booking  orders 
1  •  w  future  delivery.  Hatching  eggs  from 

vigorous  birds  for  prompt  shipment.  Limited 
number  choice  breeders.  Lakewood  and  Youngs 
strains.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington.  N.  J. 

EMPIRE  STATE  S.  C,  WHITE  LFSHORNS 

Winners  at  N.  Y.  State  Fair.  Heavy  layers;  trios. 
$5.  Eggs  for  hatching,  $1  for  15,  $5  for  100.  Cata¬ 
logue  tree.  C.  H.  ZIMMER,  Weedsport,  N.  Y. 

SP  WHITE  LEGHORNS,  Barred  Plymouth  Hocks, 
•  Ui  IV  Mammoth  White  Pekin  Ducks.  Stock 
hatching  eggs,  chicks,  ducklings.  Circular.  Kst.  1904 
Abovo  Poultry  Farm,  Chatham,  Morris  Co.  N.  J. 

T>  C.  15.  MINORCAS  (great  layers;  eggs.  $1.00 
1V’  for  15.  GEO,  BOWDftH,  Esperance,  N.  Y. 

'HT’YCKQFF-BLANCH ARD  strains  Single-Comb 
T  ’  White  Leghorns,  $1.25  setting.  Heavy  laying 
Rose-Comb  Black  Minorcas,  $1.50  setting.  Circular. 
HIGH  RIDGE  POULTRY  FARM,  Laurel.  Mil 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  0RPINCT0NS 

Kellerstrass  strain.  Eggs  for  hatching,  $3.00  per 
15;  from  prize  winning  stock.  W.  A.  KAISER, 

2703  Jamaica  Ave.,  Richmond  Hill,  L.  I. 

THE  FARMER'S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  oh  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  i.  Richland,  N.  Y. 


WM. 


AND  BRONZE  TURKEY  EGGS — Cliicken  Eggs.  Hand¬ 
some  Catalog  2  ct- 


stamp,  showing  pure  wild  gobbler  from  the  moun¬ 
tain.  VALLEY  VIEW  POULTRY  FARM,  Pel'iville,  Pa. 

INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS-Blaek  Langshan  Eggs  for 
I  sale.  J.  GORDON  DRAKE,  Port  Huron,  Mich. 

Indian  Runner  Rucks,  $4  per  pair,  from  260-egg  strain. 
Eggs,  $1.00  and  $2.00  per  12.  C.  GORDON,  Speakers,  N.  Y. 

Indian  Runner  Ducks.  S.  C.  White  Leghorns 

Eggs  for  Hatching.  Send  for  Circular. 

F.  J.  FULLER,  Watarport,  Orleans  County,  Now  York 

WHITE  EGG  STRAIN  INDIAN  RUNNER  OUCKS-Thor- 

oughbred,  vigorous  birds.  Wonderful  layers 
of  large  white  eggs;  mated  with  imported  drakes, 
well  marked,  fawn  and  white;  $2.00  for  15;  Buff 
Orpingtons,  $1.50  for  15.  Liberal  discount  for  incu¬ 
bator  eggs.  Cherry  Hill  Farms,  Pittstown.  N.  J. 

BUFF  ORPINGTON  DUCKS  S  BCU  W WTE  LfGMRN S 

B.  O.  Ducks,  the  world  greatest  layers;  have  twice 
won  Australian  laying  contests.  My  ducks  have 
three  years  unbeaten  show  record.  List  furnished. 

DUNROBIN  FARM,  Chatham,  New  Jersey 


1911. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


656 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  April  29,  1911 
FARM  TOPICS. 

Immigrating  to  New  York  State.  Part 

1 . 537,  538 

Spring  Tillage  .  339 

Crimson  Clover  and  Vetch  in  Georgia. .  539 

Crows  That  Pull  Corn .  541 

Preparation  for  Oats .  541 

Nitrogen  and  “Ammonia”  .  543 

Hen  Manure  and  Wood  Ashes . 543 

Hope  Farm  Notes  .  544 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

From  Hen  to  Hen .  538 

Express  Companies  and  Eggs .  538 

A  Farmer’s  Dairy  Herd  .  550 

Can  You  Name  the  Locality .  550 

Some  Good  Guernseys .  550 

A  Narrow  Ration .  551 

Ration  with  Home-grown  Grains . 551 

Summer  Dairy  Rations .  551 

Leg  Weakness  in  Chicks .  552 

Cheese  Box  Chick  Brooders .  552 

Hen  and  Cow  Contest .  552 

That  Celebrated  Guernsey  Case .  553 

The  Dairymen’s  League .  553 

HORTICULTURE. 

Cost  of  an  Apple  Orchard .  538 

Vineyard  or  Apple  Orchard .  539 

Annual  Bearing  Orchard .  539 

More  About  Japan  Plums .  540 

Patching  Up  a  Lawn .  540 

Preventing  Onion  Smut .  540 

When  Winter  Hurts  Apple  Trees .  541 

Lime  Sulphur  and  Arsenic  on  Peach...  543 

Australian  Desert  Kumquat .  543 

Moving  Asparagus  Bed .  543 

Fruit  Prospects  in  Ohio .  547 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day .  548 

Cottage  Cheese  .  548 

More  Making  Over .  548 

Some  Comments  and  Suggestions . 548 

The  Rural  Patterns .  548 

Brown  Stew  with  Dumplings .  548 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

A  New  Party  in  Politics .  538 

What  Does  the  Middleman  Get?  .  539 

Products,  Prices  and  Trade .  542 

Editorials  . 546 

Other  People’s  Money .  547 

Events  of  the  Week . 547 

The  Need  of  a  Farmers’  Partv .  547 

Publisher’s  Desk .  554 


MARKETS. 

(  Continued  from  page  542. ) 
HOTHODSE  PRODUCTS 


Tomatoes  and  radishes  vei 

■y  dull 

Let- 

tuce  firm,  cucumbers  slightly 

higher 

Cucumbers,  best,  doz . 

..  .85 

© 

1.00 

Common  to  good . 

® 

.60 

Mushrooms,  lb . 

..  .20 

© 

.45 

Kadishes,  100  bunches . 

..  1.50 

@ 

2  25 

Rhubarb,  doz  bunches . 

..  .25 

© 

.65 

Tomatoes,  lb . 

..  .06 

© 

.12 

LIVE  POULTRY 

At  this  writing  about  45  cars  remain 
unsold  owing  to  the  Hebrew  holidays. 
Market  outlook  favors  lower  prices. 

Chickens,  Broilers,  lb . 30  (a)  .40 

Fowls . 15  i ia>  .16 

Roosters . 09  @  .10 

Ducks . 13  @  .15 

Geese . .09  ©  .10 

Turkeys.. . 12  ©  .13 

DRES8ED  POULTRY— Fresh  Killed 
Supplies  of  fowls  and  roosters  large  and 
prices  one-fourth  to  one-half  cent  lower. 

Turkeys,  Fancy . 19  ©  20 

Common  to  Good . 16  @  .18 

Chickens,  fancy  broilers,  lb .  35  @  .40 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 25  ©  .30 

Fowls . 14  ®  .16 

Squabs,  do z .  1.75  @  4.50 

DRESSED  POULTRY-Fhozen- 


TOBACCO. 
Conn,  broadieaf-flller . 


Fine  and  Selections... 
Ohio  Zimmer's  Spanish 


.  .08 

© 

.10 

® 

.60 

.  .05 

® 

.06 

.  .12 

© 

.16 

.  .19 

® 

.20 

® 

.09 

.  .10 

© 

.20 

.  .12 

© 

.30 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal."  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


MARKET  GARDENERS’  PAPER 


Weekly  Market  Growers  Journal — only  paper 
printed  especially  for  vegetable  growers.  $1.00  a 
year,  52  issues.  For  10  cents  and  m.ires  of  three 
market  gardeners  we  will  semi  it  ten  wieks.  Send 
for  fiee  samples  copies — it  is  the  oest  wa  •  to  judge. 
Market  Growers  Journal,  541  Walker  Bldg..  Lea  vi  'e,  Ky. 


Mend  all  leiks  instantly  in  grariltewarc,  hot  water  hags,  tin, copper, 
cooking  utensils,  etc.  No  heat,  solder,  cement  or  rivet,  f  Any  one  can  us/ 
them.  Fit  any  surface.  Smooth.  Samplo  box,  10o.  Complete  box,  assorted 
sixes,  25c,  postpaid.  Wonderful  opportunity  for  live  agents.  Writetoday. 

Collette  Mfg,  Co.  Box  110  Amsterdam,  H.  Y 


HOLSTEIN  BULL  CALVES 

ter  Boy,  62729,  for  sale  cheap.  OSWEGO  RIVER 
STOCK  FARMS,  Phoenix,  New  York. 


Iprcpu  Pull  Aged  14  months;  solid  color,  black 
JGIOGJ  UUII  points:  sired  by  Imported  Wheels 
Wanted;  is  a  Fox  64779;  dam  one  of  our  best  cows, 
Maria  Amelia  186529,  giving  35  lbs.  of  54  milk. 

L,  T.  BIRCHARD,  Bircharpville,  Pa, 


Registered  Holstein  Bulls  ^°eacadnupfn“fSh 

bulls  from  one  month  to  18  months  of  age.  Best  A. 
R.  O.  breeding  and  individuality.  State  your  wants. 

JARVIS  BROS.  ....  Flycreek,  N.  Y. 


POR  SALE— THREE  THOROUGHBRED 
17  AYRSHIRE  BULL  CALVES. 

A.  D.  JOHNSON,  Marathon,  N.  Y. 


BULLS  FOR  SALE 

We  offer  for  sale  at  our  farm  at  Earl- 
ville,  Madison  County,  New  York; — 

One  Registered  Guernsey  Bull,  age  1  year,  7  mos. 
One  Registered  Brown  Swiss  Bull,  age  1  year,3  mos, 
One  Registered  Brown  Swiss  Bull, age3  years,9mos. 
Address: 

BORDEN’S  CONDENSED  MILK  CO. 
Earlville,  Madison  County,  New  York 

W.  O.  Young,  Supt. 


BERKSHIRE  HERD  HEADER ! 

4  months  old;  good  breeding;  best  of  individuality. 
Price,  $20.  Lixgohockkn  Farms,  Wycombe,  Pa. 


Chester  Whites 


Enquiries  promptly  answered. 
Eugene  T.  Black,  Seio,  N.  Y. 


FflR  C  A I  C— One  large  Berkshire  Boar  Pig,  $20; 
I  Ull  OHUL  three  large  Berkshire  Gelts,  $15  each. 
Also  orders  taken  for  pigs.  S.  C.  W.  Leghorn  Eggs, 
$5  per  hundred.  GEO.  L.  FERRIS,  Atwater,  N.  V. 


BERKSHIRES  BOARS 

Six  months  to  one  year  old.  Grandsons  of  Star 
Masterpiece.  Prices  $20.00  to  $35.00. 

SPRING  HILL  FARM,  White  Haven,  Pa  . 


STERLING  HILL  EARMS-CHESHIRE 
^  8  WINE — Orders  booked  for  Spring  Pigs  reg¬ 
istered  stock  and  grades;  large  litters  and  best  of 
breeding.  Bigelow  &  Swain,  Ogdensburg,  Sussex  Co.,  N.J. 


LARGE  YORKSRIRE  PIGS 

Boars  ready  for  service  May 

15, 1911.  Chas.H.  Emeus,  Spring  Hill  Farm,  Binghamton,  N.Y. 


STEEL  HOG  TROUGHS 
SI  .00  EACH 


DORSET  SHEEP 

A  splendid  lot  of  yearling  rams,  big  strong  fellows, 
tit  for  any  use.  Can  spare  a  moderate  number  of 
choice  ewes  with  lamb  at  side.  The  very  cheapest 
way  to  get  a  start  in  this  breed. 


Fancy  roasting  chickens  scarce.  All 
other  poultry  dull. 


Turkeys,  best .  .22  ©  .23 

Chickens,  milk-fed  broilers . 22  ©  .25 

Corn-fed  broilers . 15  ©  .22 

Milk-fed  roasters . 17  @  .18 

Coin-fed  roasters . 15  @  .16 

Fowls . 12  ©  .15 

Ducks,  best . . 15  ®  .16 

Common  to  good . 13  @  .14 

Geese . 07  ©  .11 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 
Calves  dull  and  low.  Hothouse  lambs 
plenty  and  selling  slowly. 

Calves,  good  to  prime . 08  @  .09 

Common . 06  ®  .07 

Lambs, hothouse,  bead . 3.00  ©  5.50 

Pork,  light . 09  ©  .10 

Medium  to  heavy .  07  ©  .085^ 


HAY  AND  STRAW 


Hay,  No.  1,  ton.. 

No.  2 . 

No.  3 . 

Clover  Mixed... 

Clover . 

Btraw,  Rye . 

Oat  and  Wheat 


22.00  ©  23.00 
20.00  @  21.00 
,18.00  ©  19.00 
15.00  ©  20  00 
.12.00  ©  18.00 
,  9.00  @  10.00 
,  8.00  ©  9.00 


LIVE  STOCK 


Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 

..  5.00 

®  6.65 

Oxen  and  Stags . 

®  5.00 

Cows . 

@  4.50 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 

.  5.00 

®  7.00 

Culls  . 

.  4.00 

©  4.50 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 

®  3.50 

Lambs . 

.  5.50 

©  6.75 

Hogs . 

.  6.00 

®  7.00 

GKA1N 

Wheat,  No.  1.  Northern  Spring . 

1.07 

©  ... 

No.  2,  Bed . 

.  .95 

@  ... 

No.  1  Macaroni . 

.  .95 

©  ... 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 

.  .53 

®  .58 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 

®  .39 

uye .  .0 . 

©  .80 

MILL  FEED 

Spring  Bran,  ton . 

26.25 

©  27.75 

Standard  Middlings . 

27.00  ©  28.00 

Bed  Dog . 

,  28.00  @  29.00 

Hominy  Chop . 

21.50  ©  22.70 

corn  Meal . 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  14.95 


„  Middling  Gulf .  15.20 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  14.25 

Good  Middling .  15.20 

WOOL 

NewYork Fleeces,  Delaine, unwashed..  24  ©  .25 

Ohio  half  blood  combing . 25  ©  .27 

Kentucky,  three- eighths  blood . 25  ©  ,26W 

Michigan,  half  blood .  2io  ©  .26 


CHARLES  B.  WING,  Box  23,  Mechanicsburg,  Ohio. 


PULLETS!  PULLETS! 

S.  C.  White  Leghorns.  Baby  Chix,  Incubator  Eggs. 
Rice  strain.  Circulars. 

FAIRHOME  FARM,  Bedford,  Pa. 


JIOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY. 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 

DLEASE  semi  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com- 
*  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter, 
Eggs.  Poultry,  Pork,  Calves,  Hay,  Grain,  Beans, 
Appies.etC.  K.  ll.  WOOIMVAItll,  *02  hiernnidi  st., , N.Y. 


Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.,  -  Boston. 


SHIP  YOUR  CONSIGNMENTS 

- TO - 


GEO.  OLIVER  &  COMPANY 

Established  1850 

COMMISSION  MERCHANT8 
WEST  WASHINGTON  MARKET,  -:-  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 

PROMPT  RETURNS 


Hothouse  Lambs. 

Calves,  Poultry,  Fancy  Eggs,  Hothouse  Products, 
Fruits,  Vegetables.  Top  prices  secured  for  choice 
goods.  Correspondence  solicited. 

Archdeacon &Co.,  100  Murray  St.,  N.Y. 


JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  COMPANY, 

Commission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York 
Poultry,  Eggs,  Meats,  Produce.  Shipments  Solicited. 


GEO.  P.  HAMMOND.  EST.  1875.  FRANK  W.  GOI1WI 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  CO., 

Commission  Merchants  and  Dealers  in  all  kinds; 
COUNTRY  PRODUCE.  Apples,  Peaches,  Be 
ries  Butter,  Eggs.  Cheese,  Poultry.  Mnshroou 
and  Hot-house  Products  a  Specialty.  Consignment 

solicited.  34  Hi  36  Little  112  th  St..  New  Yorl 


KRESO  DIP  N2.I 


WILL  DO  THE  WORK 

THERE  is  no  excuse  for  lousy  mangy 
UNTHRIFTY  PIGS.  IF  YOU  HAVE  SOME 
OF  THIS  KIND  YOU  WILL  FIND  IT  WORTH 
WHILE  TO  GET  OUR  CIRCULAR  ON 
TANKS  AND  WALLOWS.  IT  TELLS 
HOW  TO  MAKE  THEM  OF  CEMENT 

KRESO  DIP  N2I 

IS  A  REAL  NECESSITY 

ABOUT  ALL  LIVE  STOCK 
FOR  MILLING  LICE  .TICKS,  MITES,  FLEAS. 
FOR  TREATING  SCAB.MANGE, RINGWORM, 
AND  OTHER  SKIN  DISEASES; 

TO  DISIN  FECT,  DEODORIZE, 
CLEANSE  Sc  PURIFV. 

ALL  OF  THESE  USES  FULLY  DESCRIBED 
IN  OUR  BOOKLETS .  WRITE  FOR  COPIES 
ASK  YOUR  DRUGGIST  FOR  KRESO  DIP  NO.I 


PARKE, DAVIS  &  CO., 


This  Cooler 
Requires  No  Attention 

whatever  after  the 
flow  of  milk  and 
water  is  once 
started.  The 

“Bestov” 
Milk 
Cooler 

cools  and  aerates 
milk  quickly,  abso¬ 
lutely  removing  all 
undesirable  odors. 
It  is  well  made  and 
durable,  and  very 
reasonable  in  price. 
VV  rite  for  our  cata- 
logne  FI  describing 
a  full  line  of  sup¬ 
plies  for  the  dairy. 

Dairtmems  Suppit  Co.,  Pmuoupm*  ado  Lansdowre,  Pa. 


WF  CHAMPION 


MILK  COOLER  PROFITS 
ARE  QUICK  TO  SHOW 


Champion  profits  are  definite — sure — big — 
and  they  show  the  very  first  month  after  you 
start  this  practical,  simple,  easy  to  clean  milk 
cooler.  Cools  rapidly  —  makes  bacteria 
inactive,  keeps  milk  sweet 
a  long  time,  makes  for  better 
butter  flavor.  Cleaned 
quickly.  Let  us  send  you 
low  price — write  to-day. 

CHAMPION  MILK 
COOLER  CO. 

1  1  th  Street, 

Cortland,  N.  Y., 


Meeker 

Disc  Smoothing  Harrow, 

Onion  Seed  Drills  and  Hand  Wheel  Hoes. 
Southport  Globe  Onion  Seed. 

Send  for  Catalogue  and  Prices . 

THE  C.  0.  JELLIFF  MFG.  CORP. 

Southport,  Connecticut 

GREEN  MOUNTAIN  SILOS 

W rite  for  Booklet  to 

C  It  E  A  M  E  It  Y  P  K  G.  MFG.  CO. 
338  West  Street,  Rutland,  Vt. 

MILCH  GOATS— Toggonberg;  %  blood  buck  kids,  poi  ctly 
marked ;  two  months  old.  Also  young  half-blood  buck. 
Other  grade  Toggenbergs.  E.  Ji.  Ilarrslt,  Bedford  Bills.  \.  V 


S.C.  RHODE  ISLAND  REDS 


Baby  Chicks, 
EGGS  for  Hatrh- 


At  The  Horseshoe  Road  Poultry  Farm  ‘'{.f^es  Address 
WM.  R.  BURKHOLDER,  Box  152,  R.  5,' Lancaster.  Pa. 


rppft-PEARU  GUINEAS,  Indian  Runner 
kUUU  Ducks,  Barred  Plymouth  Rocks  and 
Mammoth  Bronze  Turkeys.  Write  for 
Price  Free  List.  POPLAR  LAWN  FARMS,  West  Falls,  N.  Y. 


■QUITE  XV  YA  NDOTTHS,  heavy  laying  strain, 
$1.25  and  $2.00  per  set  of  15;  also  Single  Comb 
White  Leghorns  at  $1.00  per  set  of  15.  Also  for  ex¬ 
change.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Nursery  Ave., Woonsocket,  R.  I. 


PRIZE  WINNING  STRAINS  !  &T& 

dottes,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  both  combs,  Single 
Comb  White  and  Brown  Leghorns,  eggs  $1.60,  15; 
$7.00,  100.  Light  and  Dark  Brahmas,  $2.00,  15.  Cat¬ 
alog  gratis.  F.  M.  PRESCOTT,  Riverdale,  N.  J. 


Barred  Plymouth  Rocks  egmd™b?"S!cEI 

Prompt  shipments  of  properly  packed,  guaranteed 
stock.  “Afton  Farm”  strain  excels  as  winter  layers, 
develop  quickly  and  in  large  numbers  becauso  of 
their  hardiness.  Lowest  prices  for  high  grade 
stock.  Send  today  for  free  catalog,  “Facts  From 
Afton  Farm.’’ 

AFTON  FAR  IVl,  Box  D-l,  Yard  ley.  Pa. 


(CRYSTAL  WHITE  ORPINGTONS,  Kellerstruss 
Strain— Eggs  from  a  select  pen,  $2.50  for  15, 
GEO.  BOWDISH,  Espkrance,  N.  Y. 


S&WaVS  S.  C.  W,  LEGHORN 

Breeding  Hens  at  low  price  to  make  room.  Also 
promising  CockeYels  cheap  in  quantities.  Also  K  I. 
Beds.  Eggs  for  hatching.  St.  Moritz  Farm,  Ramsey,  N.J. 


Eleven  First  Frisses 

At  leading  Poultry  Shows,  Indian  Runner  Ducks  and 
Rouen  Ducks.  Madison  Square  Garden  Winners  our  Rose- 
comb  Black  Minorcas  won  Silver  Cup  at  Paterson,  and 
Barred  Plymouth  Rocks.  All  eggs  $2.00  per  15,  $3.50  pc  ?0, 
$8  per  100.  Also  puro  bred  Angora  Goats  and  Collie  I)  .gs, 
$10  and  up.  CLARK  FARM,  BOONTON,  N.  J. 


DO  YOU  NEED  FARM  HELP? 

The  Jewish  Agricultural  and  Industrial  Aid 
Society  has  on  its  lists  men  wishing  to  obtain  em¬ 
ployment  upon  farms.  Most  of  them  are  witl  out 
experience,  but  they  are  able-bodied  and  willing 
to  work.  They  speak  little  or  no  English,  although 
many  of  them  speak  German.  If  you  can  make 
use  of  such  help,  please  communicate  with  ns, 
stating  what  you  will  pay,  whether  the  woik  is 
permanent,  and  whether  you  prefer  a  single  or  a 
married  man.  We  are  a  philanthropic  organiza¬ 
tion,  whose  object  it  is  to  assist  and  encourage 
Jews  to  become  farmers.  We  charge  no  commis¬ 
sion  to  employer  or  employee.  Address 
TV:  J.  A.  8  I.  A.  S.,  174  Second  Avenue,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


UI  ANTED— GENERAL  STOCK  AND  GRAIN  FARM-200  or  300 

**  acres,  within  150  miles  New  York  City.  Send 
description,  R.  R.  folder,  price  and  terms  first 
letter,  C.  D.  BARCLAY,  Jefferson,  Iowa. 


DARE  FARM  OPPORTUNITY,  120  acres.  Best  land,  water, 

•  I  locality,  buitiliugs,  fruit,  markets,  trolley.  Cornell  8  miles. 
Thoroughly  operated,  notify  Interested  parties,  Immediate  pos¬ 
session.  rather  sacrifice  than  lease.  Write  immediately.  Box 
63,  So.  Lansing,  N.  Y. 


FOR  9  A  I  C— Sixty  acre  farm,  five  room  house, 
rUfl  OftLL  barn,  50  byi  30,  witn  sned  12  by  30- 
two  hen  houses,  timber,  never  failing  spring 
Price,  $1,350,  $800  cash.  HALL'S  FARM 

AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  County,  New  York. 


FINE  NEW  YORK  STATE  FARM  FOR  SALE 

For  a  quick  sale(]>am  offeringmy  farm  at  a  bargain. 
530  acres  seven  miles  from  heart  of  Syracuse,  N.  Y., 
on  the  Utica-Syracuse  trolley  line,  also  the  trunk 
line  of  State  road  east  and  west  through  the 
county.  Buildings  ail  in  best  of  condition,  many 
of  them  new.  Price,  $20,000.00.  For  further  par¬ 
ticulars  address: 

M.  CROUSE  K10CK,  200  W.  Water  Street,  Syracuse,  N  Y. 


LIVE  AGENTS 
Wanted.  wZ." 

Make <> SO  to  #50  weekly 

Exclusive  territory  if  you 
write  now  for  agent’s 
proposition  on  the  quick¬ 
est  selling  household 
article  made.  Agent’s  out¬ 
fit  $3.50.  Write  for  terri- 
tory  and  get  busy  now. 


Economy  Vacuum  Washer 

washes  clothes  automatically  in  10  to  30 
minutes.  No  wear  or  tear  of  clothes. 
Saves  soap,  fuel  and  ail  rubbing.  No 
machine  to  run.  No  labor.  All  copper — 
lasts  a  life-time.  Guaranteed  for  7  yrs. 
Money  back  after  30  days’  trial  if  dis¬ 
satisfied.  Price  $3.50.  express  prepaid. 
Send  for  circular  right  now. 

ECONOMY  SALES  C0„  Dept.  A .  Matro.  Tower,  N.  Y 


TTTT 


One  Man  Can  MaKe  300  to  600  Perfect  Tile  a  Day 

FARMERS’  CEMENT  TILE  MACHINE 

at  a  cost  of  $3  to  $5  per  1000.  The  only  farm  tile  machine  that  does  not 
require  hand  tamping ;  the  only  farmers’  machine  operated  by  eith¬ 
er  hand  or  power.  Machine  makes 3, 4,5,  6  and  8  inch  tile,  12^  inches 
long.  Our  Patented  Water-Proof  FLEXIBLE  fcASlNQ  bolds  tile  in  perfect 
shape  till  set.  No  Pallets.  If  after  |f|  RRVC  FREE  TDIII 
10  days’ trial  it  does  not  meet  |(J  UHVv  iHEE  I  tflAL 
with  entire  satisfaction,  return  at  our  expense.  The  price  of  the  ma¬ 
chine  will  be  saved  in  making  your  first  2000  tile.  Can  You  Afford  to  Be 
Without  It?  W rite  today  for  illustrated  catalogue. 

FARMERS'  CEMENT  TILE  MACHINE  CO., 

Boar  604  St.  Johns,  Michigan. 


L/A  »5  YTAR  OLD  BOV 
CAN  OPERATE  IT 


666 


THE  RURAL  NfiW-YORKER 


April  29,  1911. 


SAVE  HALF  Your 
Paint  Bills 

By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT  — proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 
Only  Paint  endorsed  by  the  “Grange.” 
Made  in  all  colors' — for  all  purposes. 
DELIVERED  FREE. 

From  the  Mill  Direct  to  You  at  Factory  Prices. 

INGERSOLL  PAINT  BOOK  — FREE 

Telle  all  about  Paint  and  Painting  for  Durability. 
How  to  avoid  trouble  and  expense  canned  by  paints 
fading,  chalking  and  peeling.  Valuable  information 
free  to  yon.  with  Sample  Color  Cards,  Write  me.  DO 
IT  NOW.  I  can  save  yon  money. 

0.  W.  Ingersoll,  24b  Plymouth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 


JACOBSON 

SELF-CONTAINED  ENGINE  WITH  AUTOMATIC  DRAINING 
WATER  TANK. 

No  Freezing  No  Overheating 

No  Large  Water  Tank 

The  Agency  is  available  in  some  sections  and 
valuable  in  all. 

JACOBSON  MACHINE  MFG.  CO. 

Ill  Irvine  Street  Warren. Pa. 


OSGOOD 


Steel 

Frame 


Indispensable  on  every  farm; 
Saves  the  time  and  money  you 
would  spend  on  a  public  scale, aud 
-insures  perfect  accuracy  al- 
_  ways.  Good  for  a  Jife- 
time.  Send  for  catalogue. 
^  Osgood  Scale  Co., 

Box  157,  BlNSHflMTOW,  N.  T, 


CIDER  and  WINE 


No  complicated  mechanism — 
big  capacities.  Requires  only 
2  to  4  h.  p.  to  operate  any  press. 

Also,  HAND  PRESSES, 

GRINDERS,  MILLS. 

Write  to-day  for  free  catalogue. 

THE  G.  J.  EMENY  CO.,  FULTON,  N.  Y. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 
A  LI.  KINDS  OF 

Ad’S.S.  K.  CAMPBELL,  Central  Bridge. N.Y, 


FARQUHAR 

THRESHERS 


The  Perfect  Threshing  Outfit 


Whether  you  thresh  your  own  grain 
only,  or  do  contract  threshing,  you 
should  investigate  Farquhar  Threshing 
Machinery.  Handles  wheat,  oats,  rye, 
buckwheat — any  grain. 

Works  fast,  runs  easy,  saves  power,  has 
fewest  parts,  outwears  other  threshers, 
separates  clean.  Three  styles — 20  to  40  inch. 
Send  for  catalogs  of  Threshing  machinery, 
Engines,  Boilers,  Saw-Mills  and  Road  Engines. 
A.  B.  FARQUHAR  CO..  Ltd.,  Box  614,  York. Pa. 


This  Safety  Lift 

Saves  Your  Strength 

You  can  do  more  heavy  lifting  alone  than  three  men  by 
the  use  of  this  handy  device,  lias  a  score  of  uses  on  the 
faint  every  day.  Saves  lime  aud  labor. 

Just  the  thing  for  changing  wagon  boxes  and  auto 
bodies,  stretching  wires,  moving  heavy  stones,  storing 
machinery,  hoisting  grain,  doing  any  kind  of  lifting 
about  the  farm. 

Morgan  Safety  Lift 
Locks  At  Any  Angle 

Holds  or  releasee  a  load  at  a  given  point 
without  use  of  confusing  check  cord.  Cam 
grips  rope  without  gouging.  Heavier  the  load, 
the  tighter  it  grips.  No  ext  ra  parts  to  get  out 
of  order.  So  simple  it  can  be  operated  by 
one  hand. 

Made  Entirely  of  Steel 

Pulleys  and  blocks  of  best  possible  construc¬ 
tion.  Will  last  a  lifetime.  Drop  forged 
swivel  hook  makes  it  easy  to  move  load 
about  without  unfastening  lift. 

Sold  Direct  From  Factory 

Made  In  two  sizes.  2,500  lbs.  capacity 
$1.75.  G,000  lbs.  capacity  $3.00  These  prices 

good  for  a  limited  time  only.  Order  di¬ 
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THRESHERS 


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In  New  England  there  are  hundreds  of  abandoned  farms — abandoned 
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!  If  you  prefer,  write  direct  for  cata¬ 
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International  Harvester  Company 
of  America  Chicago  USA 
(Incorporated) 


1  H  C  Service  Bureau 

The  Bureau  is  a 
center  where  the  best 
ways  of  doing  things 
on  the  farm,  and  data 
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The  United  Factories  Company  consists  of  a  number  of  factories  co-operating  under  one  selling 
head,  to  deliver  direct  to  consumer— The  Best  Goods  at  the  Lowest  Prices.  Write  today  for  our 
Big  Book  explaining  the  plan  that  will  save  you  money,  mentioning  articles  interested  in. 


The  United  Factories  Company,  Station  A«3 1  f  Cleveland,  Ohio 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4097. 


NEW  YORK,  MAY  6,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR 


MULE  RAISING. 

Good  Words  for  an  Abused  Friend. 

Mules,  much  abused  and  neglected  animals,  are  not 
generally  understood  by  farmers.  A  mule  in  the  first 
plqce  must  be  of  good  stock,  not  an  offspring  of  some 
scrubby  mare,  but  a  mare  with  good  breeding  quali¬ 
ties.  A  mule  of  the  mammoth  stock  is  supposed  to 
be  the  best  mule  under  all  conditions.  Mules  are 
cheaper  than  colts,  for  the  service  fee  is  not  generally 
as  high.  Many  people  make  a  mistake  in  working  the 
marc  too  soon  after  foaling.  Never  work  a  mare 
under  10  days ;  then  she  can  do  light  work,  but  the 
mule  must  be  left  in  the  barn.  When  the  mare  is 
brought  in  from  work  never  allow  the  mule  to  suck 
as  long  as  the  mare  is  warm.  After  a  mule  is  two 
or  three  weeks  old  turn  it  out  in  a  lot 
away  from  the  mare,  especially  at  night, 
for  a  mule  is  very  hard  on  a  mare,  much 
more  than  colts.  When  the  mule  is 
about  two  months  old  he  may  be  allowed 
to  eat  a  few  oats,  about  a  pint  in  the 
beginning.  Increase  as  he  grows  older, 
or  the  same  amount  of  bran  along  with 
a  little  hay ;  Alfalfa  is  preferred.  At 
the  age  of  five  months  a  mule  should 
be  weaned,  not  gradually,  but  all  at 
once.  Take  it  away  from  the  mare  and 
never  let  it  suck  afterwards.  He  should 
be  put  by  himself  or  tied  up.  At  this 
time  you  can  give  an  ear  of  corn  at  a 
meal  and  a  small  amount  of  hay.  The 
mule  should  be  turned  out  in  fair 
weather  and  not  left  to  stand  in  stable. 

A  mule  should  be  made  before  he  is 
a  year  old.  This  can  be  done  by  good 
breeding  and  the  proper  care.  It  is  not 
necessary  to  give  a  great  quantity  of 
food  to  him  in  the  Winter,  but  it  must 
be  of  the  kind  to  keep  him  growing, 
such  as  Alfalfa  hay,  silage,  corn  fodder, 
some  corn,  and  chopped  food  occasion¬ 
ally.  Oats  are  very  good  but  very  ex¬ 
pensive  food.  In  the  Spring  he  may  be 
turned  out  on  pasture  during  the  day 
and  fed  some  hay  at  night  and  morn¬ 
ing,  because  grass  at  this  time  is  very 
washy.  As  the  grass  gets  older  leave 
on  pasture,  but  be  sure  to  have  plenty 
of  shade  and  water.  A  mule  should  not 
be  broken  before  he  is  three  years  old, 
although  many  are  broken  before  they 
are  near  this  age.  With  the  proper 
handling  he  will  be  found  to  be  easier 
to  manage  than  horse  colts.  I  always 
work  them  beside  a  good  steady  horse. 

Do  not  work  mules  together  until  thor- 
ughly  broken,  or  you  may  have  some  trouble.  After 
this  time  he  may  be  found  to  do  more  and  better 
work  than  a  horse  colt  at  the  same  age that  is,  you 
can  work  him  harder.  When  at  this  time  you  may 
say  that  a  mule  is  easier  raised  and  at  less  cost  than 
horse  colts,  in  that  they  do  not  require  as  much  care 
and  less  food  to  keep  them  in  good  condition,  mule 
colts  will  bring  more  money  than  an  average  horse 
colt,  even  though  he  may  be  blemished  in  some  way. 
He  will  sell  when  a  blemished  horse  colt  would  not 
sell.  The  mules  shown  in  the  picture,  Fig.  191  this 
page,  will  be  three  years  old  in  the  Spring,  and  have 
not  been  fed  on  any  grain  since  they  were  one  year 
old,  having  been  fed  on  Alfalfa  alone,  a  much  more 
economical  method  than  heavy  grain  feeding. 

ed.  m'laughlin. 


Which  Is  More  Profitable,  Mules  or  Horses?  years  and  raise  a  colt  before  they  are  old  enough  to 
The  first  thing  to  look  at  is  the  market  where  they  go  to  market,  which  should  not  be  earlier  than  five 
will  be  sold,  and  in  this  case  we  must  discuss  it  from  years.  There  are  times  also,  because  of  injury  or 
the  Pfttsburg  view.  In  this  county  (Allegheny)  the  lack  of  profitable  work,  when  a  mare  may  be  put  in 
automobile  has  so  nearly  displaced  the  horse  for  the  stud  and  help  pay  her  way,  when  a  mule  would 
pleasure  purposes  that  the  few  horses  left  do  not  be  a  complete  loss.  As  to  the  most  profitable  time,  I 
count,  and  the  city  firms  are  putting  in  auto  trucks  as  should  say  the  mares  should  be  bred  so  that  the  foals 
quickly  as  they  can  be  built.  I  believe  the  horse  will  will  not  begin  to  come  until  after  all  crops  are  planted, 
come  back,  for  pleasure  purposes,  but  we  have  The  more  exercise  and  sunshine  and  work  the  mare 
watched  our  own  horse  boarding  business,  which  over-  gets  before  foaling,  the  better  the  foal  will  be.  Every 
flowed  a  dozen  stalls,  silently  steal  away.  We  have  man  who  writes  in  a  paper— -about  once  a  week— and 
not  a  single  boarder  this  Winter.  We  must,  there-  every  man  I  talk  with  speaks  of  his  ideal  horse  as 
fore,  look  to  the  farmer  and  suburban  buyer  for  our  “chunky  built.”  Why  should  a  horse  be  chunky,  i.  e., 
market  in  the  next  10  years  or  more,  and  supply  what  short  legs,  short  neck,  thick  chest,  and  rolled’  in  a 
they  want.  In  regard  to  mules,  I  do  not  know;  1  layer  of  fat?  Strip  him,  and  stand  him  on  the  floor 
have  not  had  any  personal  experience,  but  consider-  and  he  will  look  nice,  look  complete  without  any 

harness  on,  and  lie  may  last  a  year  or 
two  longer  than  his  tall  brother,  but 
that  is  the  sum  of  his  merits.  His  wind 
is  not  as  good  as  the  other  kind,  but 
first  let  me  describe  the  other  kind ;  we 
never  hear  him  mentioned  and  we  should 
know  him  better.  We  are  using  a  pair 
for  the  last  five  years  on  this  farm,  used 
in  my  personal  team,  that  measure  16 
hands  ?J/z  inches  tall,  and  last  week 
when  a  little  over  their  normal  weight 
only  weighed  2416  pounds.  This  is  the 
heaviest  recorded  weight  we  have  of 
them;  certainly  not  chunky,  are  they? 
When  stood  on  the  floor  naked  most 
persons  say  they  have  many  faults.  They 
are  long  in  the  legs,  long  neck,  deep 
shoulders  and  rather  narrow  chests ; 
they  do  not  carry  much  flesh,  but  they 
do  carry  harness  well,  look  well  hitched, 
have  wonderful  wind,  are  quick,  and 
negotiate  snow,  mud  or  soft  earth  with 
wonderful  ease.  Your  chunky  horse 
will  not  have  as  good  wind  nor  travel 
as  easily  over  rough  going,  nor  look  so 
well  in  the  pleasure  vehicle,  nor  make 
so  good  saddle  horse,  nor  farm  better, 
nor  haul  a  pound  heavier  load  per 
weight  of  team,  and  the  last  year  or 
two  of  the  chunky  horse  is  of  very 
doubtful  advantage,  as  it  is  usually  a 
very  slow  and  lazy  existence.  Remem¬ 
ber  that  I  am  not  urging  the  1200-pound 
horse,  but  only  asking  that  you  keep 
him  off  the  ground.  I  do  not  care  how 
heavy  he  is ;  give  him  a  set  of  legs  to 
walk  on,  not  stumps  on  which  he  wad¬ 
dles.  This  is  our  experience,  covering 
about  20  years,  and  everything  from  the 
36-inch  Shetland  to  the  registered  Clyde. 
A  farm  or  general  purpose  horse  is 
very  different  from  a  pampered  Hackney  for  orna¬ 
mental  Use.  CHARLES  J.  WOLFE. 


A  MULE  COLT  OF  THE  RIGHT  SORT.  Fig.  190. 


Indiana. 


A  TEAM  OF  INDIANA  MULES.  Fig.  191. 

able  observation,  and  it  seems  to  me  that  responsibil¬ 
ity  rests  about  as  heavily  on  a  mule  as  upon  the 
average  Southern  darkey.  My  brother,  who  is  sales 
manager  for  a  large  Pittsburg  supply  house  doing  a 
heavy  trucking  business,  tells  me  that  a  good  mule 
has  nothing  over  a  good  draft  horse  for  teaming  pur¬ 
poses,  and  this  man  is  not  a  horse  lover,  but  is  en¬ 
tirely  impartial.  I  am  willing  to  admit  that  the  mule 
has  advantages  for  pit  and  plantation  use  and  a  few 
others,  perhaps,  over  the  horse,  but  for  general  farm 
work  and  teaming  the  horse  is  fully  his  equal.  On 
city  pavements  the  horse  is  superior. 

If  a  breeder  were  raising  horses  he  might  have  one 
colt  in  10  more  promising  than  the  others  worth 
keeping  for  a  sire,  that  would  bring  twice  the  average 
price.  Then  the  mares  may  be  bred  at  about  three 


APPLE  CONDITIONS  IN  CENTRAL  ILLINOIS. 

The  following  letter  from  lion.  Henry  M.  Dunlap 
states  conditions  as  they  now  appear  in  the  Central 
West.  There  is  considerable  arguments  as  to  the  relative 
merits  of  Bordeaux  and  lime-sulphur. 

I  was  fortunate  in  growing  and  harvesting  over 
90,000  bushels  of  apples  last  year,  while  the  remainder 
of  the  State  outside  this  little  area  of  about  25x100 
miles  lost  out  altogether.  This  was  due  to  a  “warm 
streak”  in  the  atmosphere  at  time  of  the  April  freeze. 
With  prices  good  the  result  has  been  a  fine  profit  for 
the  year.  My  orchard  company  is  offering  three  prizes 
for  best  sprayed  orchards  among  the  foremen,  12  in 
number,  who  have  immediate  charge  of  our  orchards. 


658 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


May  6, 


The  State  Horticultural  Society  is  also  offering  prizes 
for  best  three  sprayed  orchards  in  the  State.  I  hope 
it  will  do  much  to  incite  interest  in  this  all-important 
matter.  As  to  the  Bordeaux,  will  say  it  is  my  plan 
this  year  to  use  lime-sulphur  for  Winter  spray  until 
the  foliage  starts,  and  then  change  to  Bordeaux  up  to 
the  time  the  bloom  opens.  The  formula  for  this  is 
three  pounds  copper  sulphate  (bluestone),  four  pounds 
of  lime,  two  pounds  arsenate  of  lead  to  50  gallons  of 
water.  In  some  instances  I  use  as  low  as  2)4  pounds 
bluestone.  After  the  bloom  falls  and  for  subsequent 
sprayings  I  return  to  lime-sulphur  and  omit  the  Bor¬ 
deaux.  The  formula  for  this  is  as  follows:  One  gal¬ 
lon  of  commercial  lime-sulphur  to  30  or  35  gallons  of 
water  with  arsenate  of  lead  in  the  proportion  of  two 
pounds  of  the  lead  to  50  gallons  of  water. 

Sprayings  for  bitter  rot  late  in  the  season  will  return 
to  Bordeaux,  as  I  consider  it  a  better  fungicide  for 
bitter  rpt  than  is  lime-sulphur.  It  is  for  the  same 
reason— because  I  believe  it  to  be  a  better  fungicide— 
that  I  used  Bordeaux  before  the  bloom  is  out  and  after 
the  foliage  starts.  At  this  particular  time  I  have  known 
of  but  very  slight,  if  any,  injury  to  the  fruit,  owing,  I 
believe,  tq  the  fact  that  the  young  fruit  is  covered  with 
a  fuzzy  growth  which  protects  it  from  injury.  You 
have  no  doubt  noticed  that  the  Codling-moth  larva 
never  enters  the  apple  from  the  side  at  this  time, 
but  through  blossom  end,  showing,  in  my  opinion, 
that  the  fuzzy  skin  of  the  apple  is  doubly  protected. 
The  later  brood  enters  at  the  side  or  any  other  place. 
I  am  trving  with  one  orchard  the  use  of  lime  sulphur 
only  for  all  the  applications.  I  think  we  shall  have 
determined  this  season  whether  Bordeaux  is  to  go  out 
of  use  altogether  or  whether  it  is  to  be  retained  for 
use  at  certain  times. 

The  outlook  here  (Central)  and  in  Southern  Illinois 
for  apples  is  good.  In  Southern  Illinois  trees  have 
been  sprayed  and  will  be  in  bloom  in  Clay  and  Rich¬ 
land  Counties  by  April  20,  if  weather  conditions  re¬ 
main  favorable.  Last  season  the  apples  were  in  full 
bloom  April  3  in  same  locality.  H.  m.  dunlap. 

Champaign  Co.,  Ill. 


TAR  PAPER  AND  CEMENT. 

We  note  your  recommendation  of  putting  a  piece  of 
heavy  tarred  paper  between  the  upper  and  lower  layers 
of  cement  to  keep  the  floor  dry  and  warm.  I  would 
like  to  know  if  this  has  been  tried  out  and  proved  good. 
If  so.  it  strikes  us  as  being  a  good  thing  to  know  about, 
as  many  people  hesitate  to  put  down  cement  floors  on 
account  of  their  being  cold  and  damp.  c.  a.  l. 

Oshkosh,  Wis. 

The  paper  is  placed  between  the  top  and  bottom 
layers  of  cement  floors  for  two  different  reasons,  or 
rather  under  two  altogether  different  circumstances. 
First,  when  building  overhead  stables  that  must  be 
perfectly  water-tight  the  tar  paper  is  placed  between 
the  layers  of  cement  with  the  object  in  view  of  pre¬ 
venting  any  leakage,  as  cement  is  quite  porous  unless 
carefully  tamped  and  troweled  down  to  a  smooth  hard 
finish,  which  is  very  undesirable  for  stock  of  any  kind 
to  stand  on.  When  used  with .  the  idea  of  making  a 
warmer  floor  it  is  when  a  floor  is  laid  in  damp,  cold 
places,  where  the  cement  is  supposed  to  draw  moisture 
from  the  bottom  foundation  making  it  cold,  and  the 
claim  is  based  on  the  theory  that  the  tar  paper  cuts  off 
the  capillary  attraction  of  the  cement,  or  in  other 
words,  robs  it  of  the  power  to  draw  moisture  from 
a  wet  foundation.  Nearly  all  of  us  farmers  have  found 
by  personal  experience  that  a  heavy  coat  of  manure  or 
any  coarse  material  placed  between  the  top  and  bottom 
soil  in  a  dry  time  greatly  reduces  tire  power  of  the  top 
soil  to  draw  sufficient  moisture  from  the  bottom  to 
carry  the  crop  through  until  rain  comes. 

As  to  the  paper  making  the  floor  warmer  I  do  not 
think  that  there  would  be  any  benefit  derived  from  the 
paper  where  the  floor  is  laid  on  a  good,  dry  founda¬ 
tion  of  broken  stone,  with  provision  for  quick  drainage 
in  time  of  unusual  rains  or  sudden  thaws  in  Winter 
and  Spring.  I  have  a  pig-pen  22x36,  where  the  cement 
floors  have  been  in  use  17  years,  and  are  plenty  warm 
and  dry  without  the  paper,  but  the  location  is  ideal  in 
every  respect  as  to  drainage  and  sunshine.  I  have 
handled  several  hundred  hogs  and  pigs  in  that  time. 
I  have  never  had  one  with  rheumatism  and  only  one 
stiff  hog,  which  I  think  was  hurt  by  having  too  many 
in  one  pen  at  fattening  time,  instead  of  being  on  a 
cement  floor.  I  once  sold  four  nice  young  pigs  to  a 
man  who  had  a  plank  floor  in  his  pen,  but  no  sun¬ 
light  ;  in  a  few  weeks  they  were  badly  crippled  with 
rheumatism.  So  if  I  was  to  give  my  personal  opinion 
as  to  the  use  of  tar  paper  I  would  say  under  certain 
conditions  it  might  be  beneficial,  as  I  stated  in  regard 
to  overhead  work  or  to  keeping  moisture  out,  but  as  to 
warmth  obtained  in  a  direct  way,  by  the  use  of  tar 
paper  I  doubt  if  it  would  be  very  noticeable. 

Pennsylvania.  w.  A.  b. 


IMMIGRATING  TO  NEW  YORK  STATE. 
What  a  Western  Man  Found. 

Part  II. 

Our  welcome  to  that  village  was  that  usually  ac¬ 
corded  tramps  and  vagabonds.  We  were  most  un¬ 
comfortable;  baby  was  sick;  we  were  disappointed, 
dejected,  downhearted,  disgusted,  almost  desperate. 
Every  fatm  in  the  country  was  for  sale.  Every  man, 
woman  and  child  had  a  farm  or  a  mother’s  or  aunt’s 
farm  to  sell.  Every  owner  anxious  to  sell  and  get 
away,  and  I  did  not  blame  them.  I  was  advertised  in 
the  paper.  Letters  came  offering  farms.  Carriages 
lined  up  and  waited  their  turn  to  have  me  jot  down 
brief  description  and  terms,  and  be  politely  dismissed. 


A  LESSON  IN  POTATO  BREEDING.  Fig.  192. 


I  kept  my  temper,  though  it  stretched  it  to  have 
women  push  into  the  house  to  tell  about  their  farms. 
But  I  lost  it  when  the  real  estate  agents  came  and 
did  not  let  me  go  to  meals ;  I  ordered  one  off  the 
place.  He  hesitated  but  withdrew.  I  wished  I  was 
Mark  Twain  so  that  I  could  laugh  at  it  all.  One  poor 
old  man  about  SO  had  no  farm  to  sell.  My  heart 
warmed  to  him.  He  said,  “Are  you  a  judge  of 
jewelry?”  “No,”  I  said.  “Well,”  he  said,  “I  found 
this  ring;  can  you  tell  me  what  it’s  worth?”  I  judged 
about  five  cents,  but  did  not  wish  to  disillusion  the 
old  man.  “They  tell  me  its  worth  $6  or  $7,  but  I’ll 
sell  it  to  you  for  $2.50.”  I  declined  and  learned 
afterward  that  that  was  his  game.  I  think  I  must 
look  green.  Any  man  who  wants  to  buy  a  farm  in 
- surely  has  a  screw  loose  somewhere. 

I  went  to  the  county  town  to  a  farm  agency.  I 
asked  him  how  much  his  commission  was.  “Ten  per 
cent,  but  the  seller  pays  that.”  I  told  him  I  wanted  to 
look  at  a  farm  and  have  possession  immediately.  He 
drove  me  40  miles  one  afternoon  to  look  at  two  farms. 
“Possession?”  Next  Spring. 

I  went  back  to  the  town.  Just  as  it  was  darkest 
there  came  a  box  by  express  from  the  old  home  down 
in  Connecticut.  The  sun  came  out ;  the  clouds  rolled 
away  inside  and  out;  the  youngsters  danced  about 
that  box  and  shouted,  and  when  we  opened  it  they 
clapped  their  hands.  “Goody!  Goody!  See,  oh,  see!” 
A  whole  box  of  goodies ;  a  regular  Thanksgiving 
feast :  roast  chicken,  boiled  ham,  cakes,  pies,  crullers, 
nuts  and  candy  in  grand  profusion.  “Let’s  go  by  the 
brook.”  So  by  the  sweet  meadow  and  pretty  brook 
we  sat  to  a  glorious  feast  and  hope  sprang  up  and 


“THERE’S  NO  PLACE  LIKE  HOME.”  Fig.  193. 


the  world  was  bright  again.  I  was  really  quite  civil 
to  the  old  man  who  hobbled  down  to  the  brook  and 
wanted  us  to  buy  it. 

Tbe  brave  little  woman  said,  “We  came  to  buy  a 
farm.  I'm  all  right  here.  You  go  and  stay  till  you 
find  one.”  The  next  day  I  came  back  with  my  hired 
man  to  move  into  our  farm.  As  we  turn  our  back 

on  -  we  remember  many  kinds  words  and  deeds 

from  a  few  new-found  friends. 

If  the  village  of  -  had  possessed  a  chamber  of 

commerce  or  village  improvement  society  or  some 
such  booster’s  association,  and  that  society  had  a  com¬ 
mittee  to  invite  new  enterprises  and  encourage  im¬ 
migration  of  farmers  within  reach  of  their  merchants 
and  such  committee  had  said :  “Mr.  Cary,  we  want 
you  to  settle  here.  Please  come  to  our  rooms.  Here 
is  a  map  of  our  county  with  every  farm  bounded ; 


those  for  sale  are  marked  with  the  net  price.  We  get 
no  commission.  We  want  to  help  you  settle  here. 
That  farm  there  you  looked  at  has  never  been  pro¬ 
ductive.  This  farm,  and  this  and  this  are  good  farms, 
productive  and  with  good  buildings.  You  cannot  find 
a  better  farm  for  the  money  than  we  can  show  you, 
nor  more  reasonable  terms.  We  want  you  here.”  If 
such  committee  had  worked  thus  I  would  be  pleas¬ 
antly  located  at  - .  Thousands  of  farmers  are 

coming  to  New  York  State.  Why  do  not  the  towns 
offer  some  encouragement  to  the  farm  buyers?  A 
committee  as  suggested  above  would  spoil  the  real 
estate  agents’  business,  but  would  not  be  out  of  pocket 
at  all.  Make  farm  owners  pay  for  any  advertising 
and  the  farm  buyer  would  be  more  than  glad  to  pay 
for  carriage  hire  to  visit  the  farms  most  attractive. 

On  a  beautiful  day,  June  9,  we  drove  along  the 
banks  of  the  Susquehanna  to  Owego,  then  north  to 
the  hill.  It  is  a  climb  from  the  creek  to  the  hilltop 
of  about  500  feet  in  over  a  mile.  The  prospective  farm 
buyer  should  have  a  topographical  map  of  the  town — 
costs  five  cents,  and  is  obtained  from  the  Director 
United  States  Geological  Survey,  Washington, 
D.  C.  This  will  show  how  the  land  lies,  and  the  real 
estate  man,  too.  Our  farm  is  gently  sloping  to  the 
southwest.  It  is  of  105  acres;  about  80  in  fields  and 
25  in  woods  and  pasture.  Three  springs  are  piped  to¬ 
gether  and  then  to  the  door;  springs  in  three  other 
fields  and  in  the  pasture.  This  house  was  well  built 
in  1888,  and  now  newly  papered  and  painted  inside. 
It  is  large,  roomy,  light,  warm,  dry  and  comfortable; 
a  good  cellar;  house  needs  painting  and  outside  re¬ 
pairs,  porches,  etc.  Across  the  road  is  a  horse  barn 
with  ell,  made  from  old  house.  Behind  the  house 
the  barns  form  a  hollow  square,  one  30x40,  two  20x30. 
There  is  a  pig  house,  granary,  and  woodshed,  and  up 
the  road  is  an  old  house.  The  barns  all  need  new 
sills  and  repairs,  and  new  roofs.  The  fences  are 
poor.  The  farm  was  in  the  following  condition  :  Nine 
acres  in  oats,  0Ve  acres  in  new  seeding  (Timothy,  as 
clover  gave  up  trying  to  grow).  A  small  patch 
plowed  for  a  garden,  two  acres  of  potatoes  planted 
and  two  acres  more  ready  for  potatoes ;  10  acres  ready 
for  corn.  There  are  about  40  old  apple  trees,  a  few 
plum  and  pear  and  two  old  wrecks  of  peach  trees  and 
a  good  black  mulberry.  There  are  three  grapevines. 
The  farm  has  a  good  reputation.  Joseph  p.  cary. 


TELL  US  ABOUT  IT. 

We  have  found  that  our  readers  can  usually  answer 
any  practical  question  from  experience.  When  want¬ 
ing  an  answer  we  would  rather  go  to  them  han  to 
any  library  we  know  of.  Here  are  three  hard  ones 
not  down  in  the  books.  The  first  is  from  a  man 
“down  Cape  Cod  way.” 

How  to  Hobble  a  Cow. 

That  Florida  cow  made  quite  au  impression  on  me. 
Since  reading  it  I  have  bought  one  that  lias  her  beaten. 
When  three  miles  from  home  on  a  rainy  night  with  a 
driving  mare  and  a  neighbor  helping  me  to  bring  her 
home,  I  thought  of  the  advice  given  in  Tite  R.  N.-Y.  to 
blindfold  a  mean  cow.  We  did  so,  and  to  my  surprise 
she  came  along  finely.  T  now  want  more  advice.  Being 
well  satisfied  that  if  she  is  turned  into  my  20  acre 
lot  I  can  never  catch  her,  except  with  a  rifle,  I  should 
like  to  have  some  of  the  readers  tell  me  how  to  hobble 
her.  She  is  a  Jersey  and  a  good  milk  and  butter  cow ; 
quiet  to  milk.  f.  b. 

Massachusetts. 

Now  then !  this  man  has  the  will — show  him  the 
way.  What  can  he  do  to  keep  that  cow  within  reach? 

Rats,  Mice  and  Hens. 

Still  another  puzzler  is  put  in  the  following: 

We  have  a  great  many  mice'  in  our  chicken  house, 
and  yesterday  saw  a  rat  in  it  for  the  first  time.  We 
cannot  put  our  cat  in,  as  we  have  a  pigeon  loft  above 
the  chickens.  We  have  set  mouse  traps  again  and  again, 
but  catch  nothing.  Can  you  give  us  some  sort  of  mix¬ 
ture  which  will  mean  death  to  the  mice  and  rats  and 
yet  will  not  harm  the  chickens?  Several  years  ago  I 
read  of  a  mixture  of  sulphur  and  butter,  I  think  it  was. 
Can  you  help  me  do  something  to  stamp  out  this  nuis¬ 
ance?  We  are  not  bothered  much  with  rats  and  mice 
otherwise,  as  we  have  a  good  cat.  M.  u.  w. 

Ohio. 

A  good  Scotch  or  rat  terrier  dog  would  do  the  busi¬ 
ness,  but  he  might  frighten  the  hens,  so  they  would  not 
lay.  Of  course  you  cannot  fumigate  or  use  poison 
while  the  hens  are  in  the  house.  What  would  you  do? 

Weasel  That  Eats  Oxen. 

Here  comes  the  strangest  proposition  of  all  from 
our  friend  Geo.  A.  Cosgrove. 

My  next  door  neighbor,  Mr.  Geo.  A.  Rounds,  is  having 
trouble  by  a  weasel  eating  his  oxen.  The  weasel  gets  on 
top  of  the  oxen  at  night  and  actually  eats  holes  through 
the  hide  and  sucks  the  blood.  Mr.  Rounds  stopped 
the  cattle  in  front  of  my  house  today.  It  was  an 
awful  sight;  one  ox  had  11  holes  on  his  back,  and  the 
holes  were  as  large  as  a  liickorynut,  some  much  larger. 
Mr.  Rounds  has  covered  the  holes  with  tar,  and  then 
the  weasel  makes  a  hole  in  another  place.  lie  tried 
covering  the  ox  with  an  old  table  oilcloth,  but  the  ox 
rubbed  the  cords  until  they  parted.  They  are  not  used 
to  being  blanketed  and  would  not  stand  it.  Mr.  Rounds 
got  the  weasel  cornered  in  his  barn,  but  he  has  no  club, 
and  before  anyone  came  in  answer  to  his  shouts,  the 
weasel  got  away.  I  gave  him  two  young  chicks  to  tie 
to  steel  traps  and  he  has  “dead  falls”  set  in  the  barn 
hut  cannot  catch  the  weasel.  It  is  too  cold  to  turn 
the  cattle  outdoors  nights,  and  Mr.  Rounds  is  at  his 
wits’  end  and  nearly  sick  about  it.  Do  you  suppose  any 
of  “our  folks”  could  suggest  anything? 

Connecticut.  geo.  a.  cosgrove. 

This  beats  us.  If  anyone  can  help  out  with  this 
weasel  he  will  confer  a  favor  on  these  oxen  at  least. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


669 


APPLE  MAGGOT  OR  “RAILROAD  WORM.” 

I  note  that  Prof.  Waugh,  in  his  book  on  the  “American 
Apple  Orchard."  states  that  the  apple  maggot  cannot  be 
controlled  by  spraying,  and  that  the  only  way  of  lighting 
that  pest  that  appears  to  be  practicable  is  the  picking 
up  of  the  fallen  fruit.  This  being  so,  it  is  important  to 
know  how  long  the  maggot  remains  in  the  apple  after  it 
falls,  and  how  early  in  the  season  the  very  first  of  them 
leave  the  apple.  How  late  in  the  season  are  they  known 
to  deposit  their  eggs?  G.  a. 

East  Orland,  Me. 

The  apple  maggot,  also  known  as  the  “railroad 
worm,”  is  an  apple  insect  for  which  there  is  no  effec¬ 
tive  or  practicable  remedy.  Fortunately,  there  is  only 
one  brood  of  the  flies  each  year.  Were  it  otherwise  the 
insect  would  prove  much  more  of  a  serious  pest  than 
it  is.  The  adult  insect  is  a  fly  not  quite  as  large  as 
the  house-fly,  and  quite  different  in  appearance.  The 
wings  have  dark  bands  across  them  and  probably  few 
fruit  growers  have  ever  seen  them.  The  mother  fly, 
which  is  capable  of  producing  300  to  400  eggs,  de¬ 
posits  each  one  in  the  flesh  of  the  apple  by  making 
punctures  through  the  skin  with  her  ovipositor.  Here 
the  eggs  hatch  in  four  or  five  days  and  the  maggots 
burrow  through  the  flesh  of  the  fruit. 

Apples  that  show  no  exterior  indica¬ 
tions  of  the  presence  of  the  maggots  at 
gathering  time  may  be  found  honey¬ 
combed  by  the  larvae.  Such  apples  soon 
decay  in  storage.  The  maggots  mature 
as  the  fruit  ripens  and  leave  the  apples 
after  they  fall  to  the  ground.  If  an  in¬ 
fested  apple  falls  to  the  ground  before 
it  is  ripe,  the  maggots  may  remain  in  it 
some  time,  or  until  they  attain  their 
growth  before  entering  the  soil.  After 
entering  the  soil  to  the  depth  of  an  inch 
or  less  the  larvae  change  to  pupae  and 
rest  quietly  until  the  following  Spring 
when  the  adults  come  forth. 

This  pest  attacks  sweet  and  subacid 
apples  the  worst,  although  it  often  in¬ 
fests  Fall  and  Winter  varieties.  The 
flies  appear  from  July  1  on  in  the  New 
England  States.  It  is  thought  that  the 
time  of  appearance  of  the  flies  is  in¬ 
fluenced  by  the  date  of  the  ripening  of 
the  fruit  which  they  infested  the  pre¬ 
vious  season,  though  this  has  not  been 
definitely  determined.  It  is  certain  that 
the  flies  appear  with  a  good  deal  of 
irregularity  over  quite  a  long  period  of 
time ;  so  that  it  is  impossible  to  say 
when  the  first  eggs  are  laid  or  when  the 
last  ones  are  deposited  in  any  particular 
locality  without  detailed  study  at  that 
place.  A  suggested  method  for  con¬ 
trolling  the  apple  maggot  is  to  pick  up 
and  destroy  the  fruit  as  it  falls.  This 
should  be  done  at  least  every  two  or 
three  days.  The  work  of  gathering  the 
fallen  fruit  should  begin  as  soon  as  the 
first  ripe  windfalls  of  the  early  varie¬ 
ties  are  seen  and  continued  until  the 
fruit  is  harvested.  Orchards  may  be 
pastured  with  hogs,  which  will  destroy 
the  fallen  fruit.  This  is  probably  the 
cheapest  method  of  getting  rid  of  these 
infested  apples.  It  would  seem  as 
though  plowing  and  cultivating  an  or¬ 
chard  would  destroy  the  pupae  in  the 
ground,  but  experiments  made  up  to  this 
time  indicate  that  the  pupae  are  not 
killed  to  any  extent  in  this  way. 

In  South  Africa,  where  the  fruif 
growers  are  much  troubled  with  a 
similar  and  closely  related  fly,  they 
spray  their  trees  with  a  poisoned  sweetened  solution 
made  of  one  pound  arsenate  of  lead,  25  gallons  of 
water  and  five  gallons  of  treacle  (molasses).  The 
mixture  is  sprayed  on  the  trees  in  coarse  drops.  The 
trees  should  not  be  drenched.  The  idea  is  to  put  on 
just  enough  so  that  the  mixture  will  stand  in  separate 
drops  on  the  leaves.  The  flies  are  attracted  to  the 
drops  and  suck  up  the  poisoned  liquid.  The  molasses 
keeps  the  drops  from  drying  up  and,  at  the  same  time, 
attracts  the  flies.  We  are  making  preparations  to  try 
this  remedy  here.  In  the  meantime,  it  is  worthy  of 
trial  by  fruit  growers  troubled  with  this  pest. 

GLENN  W.  HERRICK. 

They  Lave  government  inspection  of  farm  products  in 
Hungary  down  to  the  point  where  hay  and  fodder  can  be 
bought  under  a  botanical  inspection  to  prevent  weed 
selling. 

The  government  of  New  South  Wales  has  lent  $6,632,- 
•*-.>  to  8,456  settlers  on  land.  More  than  one-third  of 
this  has  been  repaid.  This  government  recognizes  the 
fact  that  farmers  need  capital  and  that  $1,000,000  loaned 
to  1.000  farmers  may  be  better  for  the  country  than  when 
loaned  to  a  banker. 


A  YEAR’S  WORK  IN  POTATO  BREEDING. 

The  difficulty  experienced  in  producing  new  and 
valuable  varieties  of  potatoes  by  cross-fertilizing  po¬ 
tato  blossoms  and  growing  plants  from  the  seeds  in 
the  seed  ball  is  so  great  that  the  potato  grower,  and  es¬ 
pecially  the  seed  potato  grower,  will  grasp  at  any 
method  of  improving  the  excellent  varieties  we  now 
have  as  something  of  vital  importance.  Last  Winter 
I  was  interested  to  compare  the  views  of  different 
plant  breeders  in  regard  to  this  matter.  Some  main¬ 
tained  that  there  could  be  little  improvement  made 
within  the  limits  of  a  variety,  that  potatoes  are  grown 
from  bud  cuttings  and  one  bud,  and  therefore  one 
potato  is  as  good  for  seed  as  another.  We  may  vary 
the  production  by  improved  methods  of  culture  but  not 
by  seed  selection.  Other  plant  breeders,  however, 
maintained  that  there  is  a  variation  in  the  producing 
power  of  the  different  buds  and  also  in  the  character 
of  the  crop  which  they  produce.  In  the  Spring  of 
1910  T  planted  some  tubers  in  accordance  with  a 
method  outlined  by  Dr.  H.  J.  Webber  of  Cornell  Uni¬ 
versity  in  Reading  Course  Bulletin  No.  43  of  that 
station  and  the  results  of  the  first  year’s  work  seem 


COLORED  PUPILS  IN  SAME  TOWN.  Fig.  195. 

(See  Hope  Farm  Notes,  page  566.) 

to  strongly  support  the  view  that  there  is  a  wide 
variation  in  the  producing  power  of  different  tubers. 

From  about  300  bushels  of  seed  potatoes  we  selected 
four  bushels  of  just  the  size  and  type  that  we  consid¬ 
ered  ideal  for  the  two  varieties  we  are  planting,  the 
Irish  Cobbler  and  Early  Eureka.  We  distributed 
the  fertilizer  and  opened  the  furrows  in  our  breeding 
plot  and  then  cut  each  of  these  selected  potatoes 
lengthwise  into  four  uniform  sized  pieces,  planting 
four  hills  from  each  tuber,  one  piece  in  a  hill.  One 
hill  was  left  unplanted  between  each  four  hill  unit,  so 
that  the  units  could  better  be  kept  separate  and  stud¬ 
ied  through  the  season.  Each  one  of  these  four  hill 
units  would  of  course  be  a  measure  of  the  producing 
power  of  the  seed  potato  which  planted  it  and  of  the 
bud  which  produced  the  seed  potato. 

I  studied  the  vine  growth  very  carefully  during  the 
season  and  while  there  was  little  if  any  disease  there 
was  a  great  difference  in  the  vigor  of  the  vine  growth 
between  the  different  four  hill  units,  but  great  sim¬ 
ilarity  in  the  character  of  the  vine  growth  within  the 


four  hills  of  each  unit.  In  the  Fall  we  dug  the  breed¬ 
ing  plot  by  hand,  digging  each  four  hill  unit  together  in 
a  pile  by  itself.  Then  we  went  through  the  field  and 
studied  the  different  piles.  Some  of  them  could  be 
immediately  discarded  as  unworthy  of  further  consid¬ 
eration,  but  the  best  units  we  carefully  weighed  and 
notes  were  taken  as  to  the  number  of  marketable  po¬ 
tatoes,  the  number  of  unmarketable  ones,  the  uni¬ 
formity  in  size,  depth  of  eye,  etc.  The  variation  in 
the  amount  and  character  of  the  production  of  these 
four  hill  units,  planted  as  they  were  under  exactly 
similar  conditions  and  from  carefully  selected  seed 
was  a  surprise  to  me.  Our  best  unit  gave  us  26  mar¬ 
ketable  potatoes,  one  unmarketable,  while  the  yield  re¬ 
duced  to  the  acre  basis  was  at  the  rate  of  660  pushels 
per  acre.  Our  poorest  unit  gave  us  six  marketable 
potatoes,  four  unmarketable,  and  a  yield  of  49/  bush¬ 
els  per  acre.  Fig.  192  shows  two  units,  one  yielding 
at  the  rate  of  660  bushels  per  acre,  the  other  at  the 
rate  of  66  2-3  bushels.  I  have  about  30  units  selected 
which  have  an  average  production  of  519J^  per  acre. 
I  shall  carry  these  units  through  another  year  and  see 
how  many  of  them  hold  up  to  this  high  record  of  pro¬ 
duction.  If  not  more  than  one  of  them 
persists  you  may  readily  see  the  value  of 
the  work,  because  we  could  go  on  and  in 
time  produce  thousands  of  bushels  from 
this  one  unit.  Let  us  hope  that  this  will 
prove  to  be  a  practical  method  for  the 
maintenance  and  improvement  of  the 
productivity  of  our  good  varieties  of  po¬ 
tatoes.  E.  S.  BRIGHAM. 

Vermont. 


A  BOLD  SWINDLE  IN  SOAP. 

Last  Summer  (1910)  a  slick-tongued 
fraud  calling  himself  an  agent  for 
the  “Woodbury  Soap  Company”  went 
through  the  northern  part  of  this 
county  (Clinton)  taking  orders  for  soap. 
Ten  dollars  and  a  half  was  the  sum 
asked  for  the  soap,  a  box  of  200  cakes, 
and  25  cakes  extra  if  cash  was  paid 
down,  and  there  was  a  premium  of  40 
yards  of  Axminster  carpeting,  or  rugs, 
furniture,  etc.,  as  the  housekeeper  might 
requite.  A  very  wonderiul  bargain,  but 
so  wonderful  that  it  is  surprising  what 
a  large  number  of  persons  bit  at  the 
bait  a  stranger  'threw  at  them,  and 
with  the  hook  showing  so  plainly ;  yet 
they  forked  over  the  money  asked  for 
the  goods  and  he  delivered  to  them  the 
25  cakes  of  soap  as  extras.  He  told 
his  victims  that  his  partner  was  to 
follow  in  a  week  with  a  four-horse 
team  and  deliver  the  goods,  but  neither 
himself  nor  partner  have  ever  appeared. 
It  is  said  that  he  took  over  $300  in  the 
town  of  Chazy  alone  and  skipped  many 
houses,  probably  fearing  telephones,  as 
inquiries  might  be  raised.  This  money 
was  taken  mostly  from  farmers,  many 
of  them  borrowing  the  money  from 
neighbors  or  kinsmen,  so  eager  were 
they  to  get  such  a  bargain.  Such  human 
sharks  preying  on  their  kind  should  be 
dealt  with  as  the  marine  ones  are. 

But  why  does  the  rural  community 
continue  to  invest  its  hard-earned  dollars 
in  the  schemes  of  strangers  (where 
there  isn’t  even  35  cents  of  it  coming 
back)  when  we  have  honest  merchants 
who  would  be  glad  to  take  orders  for 
such  goods,  and  there  are  honest  cata¬ 
logue  houses  who  carry  all  such  goods,  even  if  the 
home  merchant  isn’t  selling  right?  It  does  not  seem 
as  though  they  read  the  papers,  or  if  they  do  they  do 
not  heed  the  warnings  and  go  on  expecting  to  get 
“something  for  nothing”  and  trusting  to  strangers  who 
are  travelling  over  the  country  picking  up  hard-earned 
money.  The  agricultural  journals,  especially  The 
Rural  New-Yoricer,  are  full  of  warnings  to  look  out 
for  rogues  and  swindlers,  travelling,  and  all  other 
varieties  of  such  parasites.  But  people  who  get  so 
badly  taken  in  do  not  as  a  rule  expose  such  rascals, 
and  allow  their  neighbors  and  the  community  to  get  bit¬ 
ten  also  when  the  next  “green  goods  promoter”  comes 
around.  People  should  never  allow  such  things  to 
pass  unnoticed;  when  you  get  “stripped  among 
thieves”  expose  them,  turn  on  the  light  of  publicity 
and  the  travelling  frauds  at  least  will  learn  that  the 
highways  are  too  hot  for  them  to  travel  on,  and  the 
people  are  too  enlightened  to  give  them  an  ear.  The 
exposure  of  such  rogues  is  the  duty  of  every  disin¬ 
terested  citizen  mrs.  j.  w.  l. 


560 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


May  6, 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  tbe  namo 
and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure  attention.  Be¬ 
fore  asking  a  question,  please  see  whether  it  is  not 
answered  in  our  advertising  columns.  Ask  only 
a  few  questions  at  one  time.  Put  questions  on  a 
separate,  piece  of  paper.] 


vetch.  If  you  can  make  this  grow  you  will 
be  ready  next  Spring  to  plow  under  and 
grow  almost  any  crop. 

Preparing  for  Potatoes. 

I  have  about  one-quarter  acre  of  land  I 
wish  to  plant  to  potatoes  this  Spring.  This 
land  was  a  very  good  clover  sod  last  Spring, 
which  was  planted  with  corn,  giving  a  fair 


Coal  Ashes  in  Concrete. 

C.  M.  J.,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. — I  was  going 
to  build  a  cistern  with  a  wall  four  inches 
thick  of  soft  coal  ashes  and  cement  in 
place  of  sand  and  cement,  and  plaster  it 
with  sand  and  cement.  Some  people  say 
that  the  coal  ashes  will  soften  up  when 
water  gets  in  the  cistern.  What  do  you 
think  of  the  plan? 

Ans. — I  do  not  think  you  have  any 
reason  to  feel  afraid  to  go  right  on  and 
build  your  cistern  with  the  material 
mentioned.  The  cement  and  ashes  will 
not  become  soft  after  coming  in  contact 
with  the  water  at  all,  but  make  the 
finest  kind  of  job.  The  only  objection 
to  using  ashes  for  a  water-tight  job  is 
that  it  is  more  liable  to  have  an  airhole 
in  it,  which  can  be  easily  remedied  by 
putting  the  ashes  through  a  coarse  coal 
sieve  in  order  to  get  the  large  clinkers. 
Then  add  one  part  sand  to  three  of 
ashes,  mixing  thoroughly  while  dry. 
Then  if  plastered  on  both  sides  you  have 
a  first-class  job,  as  cement  sets  very  firm¬ 
ly  to  ashes,  I  think  just  as  well  as  to, 
brick,  but  should  always  have  a  little 
sand  mixed  with  them  when  a  tight  job 
is  required.  w.  A.  B. 

One-Man  Spray  Rig. 

J.  B.  B.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich, — Will  you 
advise  me  regarding  spraying  outfits?  Do 
you  know  of  a  compressed  air  spraying 
outfit  which  will  hold  anywhere  from  10 
to  20  gallons  of  fluid,  the  fluid  to  be  forced 
from  the  outfit  by  means  of  compressed 
air?  My  reason  for  wanting  this  com¬ 
pressed  air  outfit  is  that  I  generally  have 
to  do  this  work  alone.  Of  course,  with 
two  persons  working,  one  man  works  the 
pump  while  the  other  man  uses  the  nozzle. 
In  many  of  the  catalogues  illustrating  dif¬ 
ferent  forms  of  these  small  spraying  ma¬ 
chines,  it  shows  one  man  spraying  trees 
and  working  the  pump  at  the  same  time, 
but  in  actual  practice  this  does  not  work. 
The  person  who  holds  the  nozzle  must  of 
necessity  work  around  the  tree  and  through 
the  branches,  and  cannot  do  it  while  he  is 
working  the  handle  of  the  pump  at  the 
same  time,  but  with  the  compressed  air 
outfit  it  seems  to  me  the  matter  would  be 
simple.  It  seems  to  me  there  would  be  a 
good  sale  for  such  outfit  consisting  of  bar¬ 
rel,  air  pump,  or  compressing  pump,  mount¬ 
ed  on  a  hand  truck,  so  that  one  man  can  do 
the  whole  business  and  do  it  right. 

Ans. — We  do  not  know  of  just  such' 
a  machine.  In  theory  at  least  it  ought 
to  work,  and  if  it  did  so  there  would 
be  a  good  demand  for  it.  A  good  many 
spraying  plants  using  compressed  air  on 
a  large  scale  are  in  operation,  and  in 
some  situations  this  power  is  satisfac¬ 
tory.  Its  use  in  a  large  way  will  prob¬ 
ably  be  limited  to  certain  conditions,  but 
a  barrel  power  ought  to  be  popular. 


Carbide  Residuum  for  Fertilizer. 


crop.  The  soil  is  a  sandy  loam.  I  have 
about  500  pounds  of  clear  hen  manure, 
which  has  been  mixed  with  a  small  quantity 
of  coal  ashes,  as  advised  by  The  R.  N.-Y. 
Can  I  use  the  hen  manure  as  it  is,  on  the 
potatoes,  or  would  it  be  better  to  use  some 
chemical  with  it?  I  expect  to  put  the 
manure  in  the  hill,  on  top  of  potato. 

Bellmore,  L.  I.  J.  J.  g. 

We  would  crush  this  dry  hen  manure  as 
fine  as  possible  and  mix  with  it  125  pounds 
of  fine  raw  bone  and  40  pounds  sulphate  of 
potash  if  you  can  buy  these  small  quantities 
to  advantage.  Scatter  this  mixture  in  the 
liii Is  or  drills  as  you  would  fertilizer. 

Rotation  From  Old  Soil. 

I  should  like  to  know  what  some  of  the 
readers  think  of  the  following  rotation  to 
bring  up  a  sandy  loam  :  First  year  manure 
end  plow  old  sod,  disk  in  500  pounds  lime 
per  acre ;  sow  oats  and  Canada  peas,  cut 
for  hay;  manure  and  plant  to  Winter  rye; 
second  year  cut  rye  green  and  plant  to 
corn,  using  800  pounds  high-grade  fertilizer, 
cover  with  clover ;  third  year  plow  under 
clover  and  plant  to  potatoes  and  mangels, 
using  800  pounds  high-grade  fertilizer  per 
acre.  Plow  in  Fall  and  fourth  year  plant 
to  oats  and  Canada  peas ;  cut  early  for 
hay,  plow  and  seed  to  grass  and  clover, 
using  500  pounds  high-grade  fertilizer ;  afjter 
this  have  two  or  three  years  in  grass. 

Springfield,  Mass.  F.  H.  D. 

This  rotation  seems  like  a  good  one  to 
get  this  land  well  in  grass.  We  should 
use  more  lime.  The  application  of  500 
pounds  seems  too  small.  A  ton  will  pay 
better. 


How  He  Slakes  Lime. — I  have  just  been 
reading  on  page  433  an  article  on  slaking 
a  carload  of  lime.  As  I  have  slaked  a 
good  many  carloads  of  lime  I  do  not  think 
it  a  hard  job,  and  will  tell  how  we  did  it. 
Make  piles,  each  holding  about  a  ton.  Make 
three  layers  out  of  each  ton  about  1%  foot 
thick.  On  each  layer  pour  enough  water 
to  drv-slake  it.  Put  dirt  around  the  out¬ 
side  of  each  layer,  not  on  top,  except  tbe 
last  one.  When  last  layer  is  on  and 
watered,  cover  the  whole  pile  well  with  dirt. 
Let  lie  three  or  four  days  and  lime  will  be 
slaked.  If  a  little  lumpy  take  an  iron 
rake  and  rake  it  off  the  pile.  F.  k. 

“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers ;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 


APPLE  TREES 

BAL3DWIN 

and  other  standard  sorts,  2-yr.  old, 
also 

PEAR,  PLUM,  PEACH,  ETC. 

Send  for  Catalog  and  ask  for  special 
prices. 

J.  W.  ADAMS  COMPANY 

Springfield,  Mass- 


lias  carbide  residuum  any  benefit  for  a 
spray  for  trees,  also  to  put  on  garden  spots? 

o.  w. 

This  residue  is  simply  a  form  of  lime  and 
will  have  no  more  value  for  spraying  or 
using  on  the  soil  than  any  other  lime. 

Use  of  Old  Sawdust. 

I  have  a  large  pile  of  sawdust  which 
has  lain  for  about  nine  years.  WTould 
it  be  of  any  use  either  as  a  mulch  for 
strawberries  or  trees,  mixing  with  muck 
as  a  compost,  or  spreading  upon  mowing 
land?  E-  F-  M- 

Sawdust  nine  years  old  ought  to  be 
well  rotted.  It  does  not  contain  a  large 
amount  of  plant  food,  and  is  chiefly  use¬ 
ful  for  mulching.  We  would  use  it  around 
trees  and  vines — mixed  with  muck  and 
lime. 

Green  Manure  Crop. 


Dewdrop  Everbearing  Strawberry 

Largest  in  the  World.  Bears  First  Season.  Free 
circular.  H .  F.  I)KW,  Albion,  Midi. 


HARRISON’S  NURSERIES 

has  been  built  up  by  quality  trees  from  a  small 
beginning  to  the  largest  nursery  in  America— more 
than  2,000  acres  devoted  to  growing  trees,  plants, 
vines  and  ornamental  stock.  Buy  of  a  responsible 
grower  and  get  what  you  pay  for.  Address 

HARRISON’S  NURSERIES 
Ten  Valuable  Farms  For  Sale.  BOX  421,  Berlin,  Md. 


CABBAGE  PLANTS 


$3.00  I’ER  lOOO. 
SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED. 

Early  Jersey  Wakefield,  Charleston  Wakefield, 
Early  Summer,  Enkhnizen  Glory  and  Succession. 
Shipped  in  damp  moss,  If  not  satisfied  I  will 
refill  the  order  free.  R.  S.  MONOS,  Mappsville,  (near 
Maryland  line,  Penna.  R.R.  System,  Adams  Express)  Virginia. 


ALFALFA 


Is  there  anything  better  for  making  green 
manure  than  a  crop  of  rye  plowing  under 
and  following  with  a  crop  of  clover  to  plow 
in?  If  you  know  of  anything  better  please 
let  me  know.  p.  g.  h. 

Either  clover  or  vetch  would  be  better 
than  tbe  rye  for  green  manure  because  they 
contain  more  nitrogen.  If  the  rye  is  now 
growing  and  you  wish  to  improve  tbe  soil 
plow  tbe  rye  under  when  about  18  inches 
high  and  sow  Canada  field  peas.  Plow 
those  under  in  late  July  or  August,  use  lime 
and  sow  a  combination  of  rye  and  Hairy 


All  Northern  grown,  guaranteed  to  be  99  percent 
pure  and  free  from  dodder.  Write  for  free  sample 
on  which  we  invite  you  to  get  Government  tests. 
Tliia  seed  should  produce  hay  at  $60  per  acre]  an¬ 
nually.  Free  instructions  on  growing. 


GRAIN  AND  GRASS  SEED 


Northern  grown  and  of  .strongest  vitality.  We 
handle  export  grade  only  and  can  furnish  grass 
mixture  suitable  for  any  soils. 


SOYBEANS 


Wing’s  Mikado, Sable 
and  Mongol  are  the 
heaviest  known  yield- 
ers.  Are  all  our  own 
new  varieties  obtainable  from  ns  only.  Mikado 
has  record  of  37  bu.  per  acre.  Will  grow  on  poor 
soil  and  greatly  improve  it.  Write  today  for  cataloe. 

WING  SEED  CO.,  Box  323  Mechanicsburg,  O. 


A  high  color 
Brussels  Bug, 
red  rose  design 
with  either 
green  or  tan 
k  ground. 

A  Tlo.  CW  4602, 
a  9x12  size. 
Price,  $11.95 
$1.50  Cash 
KaSl  75c  per 
'j&ASv  month 


NOmatterwhereyoulive.yon  can  buy  everything  needed 
for tiie  home  from  us  on  credit  and  on  easy  payments 
to  suit  your  convenience.  All  you  need  to  do  is  to  mail 
ns  your  name  and  address  and  we  will  at  once  send  you, 
»roo,  our  Mammoth  Home  Furnishing  Catalog,  containing 
illustrations  from  photographs  and  full  descriptions  of 
thousands  of  articles  in  Furniture,  Bugs,  Carpets  and 
Homo  Furnishings  sold  by  us  on  longtime,  open  account, 
easy  credit  terms. 


A  Personal 
Word 

The  rich  and 
prosperous  class 
can  always  com¬ 
mand  the  lux¬ 
uries  of  life,  but 
the  average 
home  lover  needs 
the  Spear  System 
of  Credit  to  the 
Nation.  I  want 
1,000,000  families 
to  say  of  me:— 
“He  helped  us  to 
furnish  andbeau- 
tify  our  homes.” 
I  ask  for  no  high¬ 
er  tribute  to  my 
life’s  work. 
Write  for  my 
Free  Catalog. 

Spear  j 

\  of  JL 

V  Pittsburg / 


Credit  Buying  Made  Easy 


Price,  com. 
plete, $11.68 


Terms:  75c  Casn^^^J 
^Ji  With  Order 
Balance  Payable  50c  Monthly 


SPE AR  &  COMPANY,  DepartmentlOMMPittsburg,  Pa, 


i 


Dibble’s  Seed  Corn 

Pedigree  stock,  carefully  selected  and  of  high  germination— fills  the 
cribs  and  silos — varieties  that  we  have  found  by  experience  on  our  own 
1,000  acre  seed  farms  best  adapted  to  the  Middle  and  Eastern  States. 


DIBBLE’S 

Mammoth  Yellow  Flint 

Earliest,  most  productive, 
large-growing  Flint  corn  in 
cultivation.  Matures  here 
in  100  days. 


At  this  writing,  not  quite 
2,000  bushels  on  hand.  To 


DIBBLE’S 

Early  Yellow  Dent 

Best  early  Yellow  Dent  for 
the  silo  where  seasons  are 
short  and  frost  comes  early. 
With  us  planted  before  J  tine 
1st.  ready  for  the  knife  first 
week  in  September. 


DIBBLE’S 

Improved  Learning 

By  all  odds,  best  all-round, 
large-growing  Yellow  Dent 
for  the  silo-  Thoroughly  ac¬ 
climated,  grown  here  in 
Western  New  York  eight 
years  and  is  two  weeks  earl¬ 
ier  than  the  common  Le  oil¬ 
ing  of  commerce. 


close  out  we  quote  any  of  the  above  varieties — bushel,  $2.00; 
two-busliel  hag,  $3.()0;  10-bushel  lots  or  over,  $1.25  per 
bushel.  Newbagsfree.  Send  vourordersat  once.  Upon  arrival,  if  not  entirely  satisfac¬ 
tory  in  every  wav.return  it  and  we  will  return  your  money  and  pay  the  freight  both  ways. 


ADDRESS 


EDWARD  F.  DIBBLE 


. . .  SEEDGR  O  WER. . . 

Box  B  HONEOYE  FALLS,  N.  Y. 


SALESMEN  WANTED 


TO  SELT,  TREES 
AND  PLANTS 

Free  outfit.  Commission  paid  weekly.  Write  for 
terms.  PERRY  NURSERIES, Rochester,  NewYork 

STRAWBERRY  PLANTS— New  and  old  varieties.  Send 
for  new  Ulus.  Catalogue  for  1911.  Prices  from 
$1.50  per  1,00(1  up.  DAVID  RODWAY,  Hartly,  Dei, 

STRAWBERRIES 

Plan  to  have  plenty  in  your  own  garden.  100  plants 
in  three  best  varieties,  $1.00  postpaid. 

Geo.  R.  Schauber,  Box  R,  Ballston  Lake,  N.  Y. 

rnc  Oil  I  C— Cow  Peas,  $2.50  to  $3.00  bushel; 
lull  OMLC  Crimson  Clover  Seed,  $8.50  bushel: 
Black-Eyed  Peas,  $3.00  bushel. 

JOSEPH  E.  HOLLAND  .  .  Milford.  Del. 

r»  A  II I  I  A  0— TWENTY  kinds  (my  selection)  $1. 
U  Ail  LI  nO  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Write  for 
full  particulars.  II.  F.  BURT,  Taunton.  Mass. 

Black’s  Peach  Trees-1911 

-  -  ...Peach  Trees  are  one  of  our  specialties — we 4 

grow  for  quality  and  not  quantity  alone.  Our  1 
V  -  ■'  trces*  however,  cost  little,  if  any,  more  than  lhel 
ordinary  sort — we  employ  no  agents,  but  sell! 
direct, saving  middleman’s  profits.*  w  ■  ■  » 

New  lookiet,  “Springtime  and  VdIl3dDI6 

Harvest  for  the  Fruit-grower."  free.  >  «  ■ 

Booklet 
Sent  Free 


Joseph  H.  Black,  Son  &  Co. 
Box  V,  Hightstown,  New  Jersey 


FRUIT  TREES  AND  PLANTS 


AT  VERY 
LOW  PRICES 

Apples  ...  $15.00  per  lOO 
Peaches  ...  $8.00  per  lOO 

Cherries  ...  $10.00  per  lOO 

Strictly  First-Class  Stock,  Government  In¬ 
spected.  Write  today  for  our  free  catalogue 
on  Fruits  and  Ornamentals,  and  buy  direct 
from  the  growers.  Our  trees  are  grown  in  that 
great  nursery  belt  of  Ontario  County. 

ONTARIO  NURSERY  CO.,  Inc. 

GENEVA,  N.  Y.  Box  No.  21 

OLYMPIC  NATURE  NURSERY 

Rhododendrons,  Madronas, Oregon  Grapes,  Huckle¬ 
berries  and  other  wild  shrubs,  plants  and  flowers. 

By  mail,  10  for  50  cents,  24  for  SI. 00  postpaid. 

Money  back  if  not  satisfied. 

JOEL  SHOMAKER,  Nelli ta,  Washington. 

Sweet  Potato  Plants  MBlStS 

list  free.  W.  S.  FORD  &  SON,  Hartly,  Del, 

SURPLUS  STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 

100,000  Dunlaps,  Cardinal,  Warfield,  Sample  aud 
Haverlaml,  at$1.20  per  1,000,  or$2.25for  2,000.  These 
are  fine  plants,  pure,  fresh-dug  and  true  to  name. 
These  prices  are  good  from  May  6  to  May  15.  Cata¬ 
log  of  25  varieties  free.  Address: 

S.  A.  VIRDIN  -  -  -  Hartly.  Del, 


PEACH  TREES 


ELBEltTA,  CARMAN,  HIELEY,  and  all  the 

leading  varieties  at  prices  that  will  save  you  money. 
We  have  APPLE,  PEAR,  PLUM,  and  other  varieties  of 
fruit  trees  also.  Catalog  free. 

BARNES  BROS.  NURSERY  CO.L^S 


THE  RURAL*  NEW'YORKER 


501 


1911 


ALFALFA  IN  A  MULCHED  ORCHARD. 

R.  M.,  Frankfort ,  Mich. — Would  Alfalfa 
be  suitable  as  a  sod  mulch?  What  appeals 
to  me  is  the  fact  that  Alfalfa  would  pro¬ 
duce  more  mulch  than  any  other  plant,  and 
Is  also  not  so  easily  crowded  out.  At  the 
other -hand,  I  am  in  doubt  as  to  whether 
it  does  not  rob  the  trees  of  moisture  more 
than  grasses  or  clover. 

Ans. — We  should  not  think  of  seed¬ 
ing  Alfalfa  in  a  young  orchard.  This 
crop  is  such  a  strong  grower  that  it 
will  rob  the  young  trees  of  moisture 
and  hurt  them.  Even  cutting  it  and 
leaving  all  on  the  ground  would  not  en¬ 
tirely  overcome  this  objection.  With 
older  trees,  say  10  years  or  more  in 
growth,  Alfalfa  might  be  useful,  par¬ 
ticularly  in  strong  soil  naturally  moist, 
We  have  seen  such  an  orchard  near 
Syracuse,  N.  Y.  It  was  about  14  years 
old.  The  first  crop  of  Alfalfa  was  taken 
out  as  hay  and  the  later  growth  cut  and 
left  on  the  ground.  This  orchard  was 
thrifty  and  strong,  and  the  Alfalfa  on 
all  this  mulching  was  remarkable. 

Keeping  Up  The  Fertility. 

S.  O.  C.,  Paris,  Ky. — Would  the  use  of 
retch  enable  one  to  put  the  same  land  in 
corn  every  year  for  a  number  of  years, 
without  the  use  of  commercial  fertilizers? 
In  this  county  we  never  use  fertilizer,  as 
the  land  is  naturally  a  very  deep  limestone 
soil,  and  fertile.  Could  the  vetch  be  sown 
at  the  last  plowing  of  the  corn  and  turned 
under  the  next  Spring  for  another  crop  of 
corn,  and  this  rotation  kept  up  for  any 
length  of  time?  Do  you  know  of  any  way 
in  which  two  fields  could  be  used,  one  in 
corn  every  year,  without  impairing  the  fer¬ 
tility  of  the  soil  to  too  great  au  extent, 
without  the  use  of  manure? 

Ans. — Yes,  if  you  could  seed  vetch  in 
the  com  at  the  last  cultivation  each  year 
and  get  a  good  stand  to  plow  under  in 
Spring  you  could  keep  on  growing  corn 
for  several  years.  It  would  probably 
pay  better  to  use  a  mixture  of  acid 
phosphate  and  potash  on  the  corn.  The 
vetch  will  supply  nitrogen,  but  the  other 
elements  will  be  needed  too.  This  plan 
would  keep  up  the  fertility  of  the  soil, 
yet  the  corn  might  fail,  since  after 
growing  several  years  on  the  same 
ground  smut  disease  and  insects  may 
become  so  bad  as  to  injure  the  crop. 
The  vetch  or  clover  with  the  phosphate 
and  potash  mill  keep  up  the  fertility. 

An  Old-Time  Fake. 

T.  IF.  ( No  Address). — I  have  just  clipped 
the  note  enclosed  from  a  Sunday  paper.  I 
would  like  to  know  if  this  is  a  fact,  or 
merely  one  way  of  attracting  the  attention 
of  the  afflicted,  or  their  friends,  to  some 
quack  remedy?  We  have  a  dear  cousin 
whose  lovely  young  daughter  has  epileptic 
fits,  and  if  there  is  a  possible  help  for  her 
would  be  glad  to  know  it.  We  know  they 
have  tried  a  great  many  things  without 
avail,  and  would  not  like  to  encourage 
them  to  try  this  new  remedy  without  in¬ 
vestigating  a  little.  Can  you  help  us? 
What  we  would  like  to  know  is  the  truth 
there  is  in  this  “dispatch  from  New  York.” 

Ans. — Here  is  the  note  with  address 
omitted : 

A  dispatch  from  New  York,  dated  March 
25,  is  as  follows :  Advices  from  every  di¬ 
rection  fully  confirm  previous  reports  that 
the  remarkable  treatment  for  epilepsy  be¬ 
ing  administered  by  the  consulting  physi¬ 
cians  .of  the  - - Institute  is  achiev¬ 

ing  wonderful  results.  Old  and  stubborn 
cases  have  been  greatly  benefited  and  many 
patients  claim  to  have  been  entirely  cured. 

Persons  suffering  from  epilepsy  should 
write  at  once  for  a  supply  of  the  remedy, 
which  is  being  distributed  gratuitously. 

\ou  may  put  this  down  as  an  un¬ 
qualified  humbug.  It  is  probably  a  paid 
advertisement,  put  in  this  way  to  at¬ 
tract  attention  by  pretending  to  be  ac¬ 
tual  news.  .  A  nice  “Sunday”  paper  it 
must  be  to  print  such  stuff.  This  is  a 
good  example  of  what  we  call  a  “con¬ 
cealed  advertisement.”  The  object  is  to 
give  the  scheme  a  fake  editorial  en¬ 
dorsement  by  putting  it  as  reading  mat¬ 
ter  without  any  marks  of  an  advertise¬ 
ment.  It  is  hard  to  say  which  is  the 
greater  faker,  the  rogue  who  tries  to  sell 
the  “remedy”  or  the  paper  that  takes  a 
payt  of  the  “graft.” 

This  “free  distribution”  is  an  old  fake. 
It  involves  the  purchase  of  some  pre¬ 
tended  article  which  can  only  be  ob¬ 
tained  from  this  “institute.”  They  will 
lead  you  on  by  “guff”  and  promises  to 
buy  their  stuff.  They  have  not  “con¬ 
quered”  anything  except  possibly  a  few 
trusting  suckers  who  gave  up  their  hard- 
earned  money.  We  make  much  of  this 
because  it  is  a  common  form  of  one  of 
the  most  vulgar  schemes  for  getting 
money. 


“BLOOD  MONEY.” 

It  is  not  an  uncommon  thing  to  sec  in 
the  New  York  papers  an  advertisement 
calling  for  a  supply  of  fresh  human  blood. 
Recently  small  notes  were  printed  offering 
$25  to  anyone  who  would  furnish  two 
quarts  of  fresh  blood  from  his  veins.  This 
blood  was  needed  for  a  woman  patient  in 
one  of  the  hospitals.  In  certain  cases  the 
blood  becomes  feeble  and  incapable  of  doing 
its  work  of  sustaining  the  body.  In  such 
cases  the  only  hope,  and  that  sometimes  a 
slim  one,  is  to  put  fresh  blood  into  the 
veins  of  the  patients  taken  directly  from 
the  body  of  a  thoroughly  well  person.  In 
the  case  mentioned  the  woman  was  rapidly 
failing  from  a  bleeding  from  the  nose  which 
could  not  be  stopped.  It  was  thought  that 
fresh  blood  would  relieve  this  hemorrhage. 
In  response  to  this  advertisement  100  men 
and  one  woman  offered  themselves  for  ex¬ 
amination.  In  almost  every  case  the  appli¬ 
cant  stated  that  he  needed  the  money. 
They  had  been  out  of  work  for  weeks,  with 
no  chance  of  obtaining  employment,  and 
they  were  ready  to  jump  at  the  chance  of 
opening  their  veins  for  the  sake  of  earning 
this  sum  of  money  with  which  to  support 
their  families.  It  was  a  pitiful  string  of 
applicants  to  come  forward  in  this  way 
offering  their  life  blood  for  $25.  In  a  case 
of  this  kind  it  is  absolutely  necessary  that 
the  organs  of  the  body  should  be  perfect 
and  the  blood  in  normal  condition.  The 
applicants  were  first  subject  to  a  test  for 
heart  action,  and  this  left  only  eight  out  of 
the  101  who  offered  themselves.  They 
were  surprised  to  learn  that  they  were  suf¬ 
fering  from  defective  heart  action,  or  kid¬ 
ney  trouble,  when  they  had  supposed  them¬ 
selves  to  be  in  good  health.  Most  of  the 
93  who  were  rejected  were  defective  in 
heart  or  lungs  or  lacking  in  bodily  health. 
It  was  said  that  the  great  majority  of 
them  were  poorly  nourished  and  actually 
needed  food.  Finally  the  eight  that  were 
left  were  dropped  down  to  two.  One  was 
a  working  man  with  a  family  who  had 
been  out  of  work  for  a  long  time,  and 
begged  to  be  allowed  to  undergo  the  opera¬ 
tion,  since  he  had  passed  all  the  examina¬ 
tions.  Here  was  a  man,  strong  and  well, 
denied  the  right  to  earn  money  at  his  trade 
with  which  to  support  his  family,  and  yet 
willing  to  open  the  arteries  in  his  wrist  in 
order  that  wife  and  children  might  have 
$25  with  which  to  buy  food.  It  was  a  sad 
disappointment  for  this  man  when  the 
other  younger  man  was  selected  simply  be¬ 
cause  his  blood  was  a  little  better,  and 
would  evidently  blend  better  with  that  of 
the  patient.  The  operation  consisted  in 
strapping  the  wrist  of  this  man  to  that  of 
the  suffering  patient.  The  wrist  was  then 
opened  and  blood  taken  and  permitted  to 
run  into  the  veins  of  the  patient.  It  was 
apparently  thoroughly  successful,  only  one 
quart  of  blood  being  required,  and  the  pa¬ 
tient  now  stands  a  good  chance  for  recov¬ 
ering.  We  speak  of  this  to  show  some¬ 
thing  of  the  human  side  of  life  in  a  great 
city.  One  of  the  men  who  applied  in  this 
case  had  gone  through  one  such  operation 
before,  having  given  some  three  months 
ago  a  quart  of  blood  to  save  the  life  of 
another  patient.  The  woman  who  applied 
had  furnished  live  skin  for  the  operation 
of  skin  grafting  on  two  occasions.  One 
would  hardly  like  to  recommend  a  trade  of 
tois  kind  to  his  friends,  and  yet  without 
question  much  of  this  very  thing  is  being 
done  in  the  interests  of  science  and  for  the 
help  of  those  who  suffer.  Not  so  long  ago 
a  poor  man  sold  one  of  his  ears  for  graft¬ 
ing  upon  the  head  or  face  of  a  rich  West¬ 
ern  man  who  had  had  an  ear  cut  off  in  an 
accident ! 


All  out-doors 
invites  your  Kodak. 

Every  day  there  are  pictures  right  at  home  that  are  worth  the  taking — 
pictures  of  the  family  that  will  always  be  cherished,  pictures  of  stock  and 
crops  and  buildings  that  will  always  be  of  interest  and  value. 

And  when  you  are  away  from  home  there  are  pictures  that  are  not 
only  of  interest  but  of  value,  too,  pictures  that  mean  dollars  and  cents  to 
you.  Every  progressive  farmer  to-day  is  a  student  of  the  methods  of 
those  who  are  making  the  biggest  successes  in  agriculture.  A  Kodak 
makes  the  most  effective  note  book. 

Our  Catalogue  explains  how  simple  picture  taking  is  by  the  Kodak 
method  and  how  inexpensive.  It’s  free  at  the  Kodak  dealers,  or  by  mail. 

EASTMAN  KODAK  COMPANY, 

387  State  Street,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 


chamois  stun  KhaKi 


The  Work  Shirt  That  Really  Serves  Its  Purpose 


Uncle  Sam  found  that  khaki,  because  of  its  extra  strength  was  the  right  material  forarmv 
wear;  and  because  of  its  extra  wearing  quality  our  especially  woven  khaki  with  the  "soft 
chamois  skin  finish  is.  the  material  that  makes  the  ideal  worK  shirt — soft 
Pliable  washable  and  strong,  the  best  50c  work  shirt  made— and  Guaran- 
M  teed.  At  your  dealer’s;  if  not  send  us  his  name,  your  collar  size  and  50c 

mr — - - 


The  President  Shirt  Co..  121  Wyoming  St..  Baltimore,  Md. 


MORE  ABOUT  THE  MANURE  SPREADER. 

Some  time  ago  I  wrote  an  article  on  the 
manure  spreader.  Five  replies  have  ap¬ 
peared,  seemingly  in  refutation  of  my  ar¬ 
ticle.  As  a  matter  of  fact  all  but  one  con¬ 
firm  it.  One  says,  “I  keep  it  (the  spreader) 
stored.”  Evidently  he  does  not  use  it  every 
day.  Another  uses  his  10  or  12  days,  Spring 
and  Fall.  A  third  uses  a  litter  carrier,  and 
draws  the  manure  out  only  occasionally. 
The  fourth  stores  bis  and  draws  it  out 
only  twice  a  year.  These  four  ail  do  as  I 
recommended,  e.,  store  their  manure  and 
only  haul  it  out  occasionally.  The  fact  that 
their  spreaders  are  used  only  occasionally 
accounts  for  the  fact  that  few  repairs  have 
been  needed.  The  other  may  not  feed  silage 
and  roots  to  his  cows,  and  hence  may  not 
have  as  much  liquid  in  the  manure,  or  he 
may  have  more  straw  available  for  bedding, 
or  bis  floor  may  be  leaky.  Even  if  under 
exactly  similar  conditions,  his  spreader  had 
needed  fewer  repairs  than  mine,  it  would 
not  prove  that  mine  had  not  needed  them. 
My  spreader  has  always  stood  in  the  barn, 
and  with  the  exception  of  the  apron  chains, 
has  always  received  oiling.  These  would 
not  be  considered  working  parts.  I  would 
like  to  hear  from  some  of  those  who  have 
had  the  same  experiences  as  I  have  had. 
'ihere  must  be  such.  A  neighbor,  win* 
bought  his  new,  since  I  had  mine,  has  had 
his  troubles.  In  explanation,  I  will  state 
that  I  did  not  state  the  fact  that  the  wheel 
slipped,  as  a  disadvantage,  but  to  show 
what  a  heavy  draft  the  spreader  had.  Fur¬ 
thermore,  I  did  not  set  the  repairs,  but  the 
depreciation,  at  $10  annually.  If  I  had 
not  known  the  good  points  of  the  spreader 
I  should  not  have  recommended  it  at  all. 
As  it  is  so  much  easier  to  get,  through 
agents  and  advertising  the  advantages,  than 
it  is  to  get  the  disadvantages,  I  thought  it 
well  to  give  the  other  side.  In  conclusion,  I 
would  recommend  to  anyone  buying  a  spread¬ 
er,  that,  before  he  use  it,  he  give  it  one  or 
two  coats  of  hot  linseed  oil,  inside,  and 
that  he  never  let  the  apron  chains  (those 
to  which  the  slats  are  riveted)  get  dry  of 
oil.  as  otherwise  they  rust  together  and 
break,  thus  starting  a  repair  bill.  If  I  had 
known  as  much  about  the  spreader  before 
getting  it  as  I  do  now,  I  might  not  have 
gotten  it,  and  I  feel  sure  that  I  would  have 
had  a  great  deal  less  trouble  if  I  had  fol¬ 
lowed  the  course  suggested  above. 

ALBERT  IT.  DE  GRAFF. 


Dreer’s  Garden  Supplies 

A  full  line  of  Garden  Tools,  Spraying  Implements  and 
Materials,  Lawn  Mowers,  Rollers,  Rakes,  etc.,  also 
Fertilizers  for  lawn  and  garden.  Write  for  catalogue. 

Henry  A.  Dreer,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


AMERICAN  SAW  MILLS 

Make  most  money  because  they  do  best  work  in 
quickest  time  with  least  power  and  smallest  crews, 
owing  to  their  simple  construction  and  improved, 
patented  devices.  Portable  and  stationary.  All  sizes. 
Variable  Friction  Feed,  Combined  Ratchet  Setworki* 
and  Quick  Keeeder  and  other  superior  features.  Free 
Catalog  and  Prices  will  interest  you.  Lists  our  com¬ 
plete  line  of  wood  working  machinery. 

American  Saw  Mill  Machinery  Co. 

129  Hope  St.,  ilackettstown,  N.  J. 

15S*2  Terminal  Buildings,  New  York 


Y*m  afe  *be  man  behind  the  Plow  wants  a  Good  Fertilizer.  For  the 
*  OI  llivl  Oj  Land  s  sake  give  him  the  real  Farm  Chemical,  such  as: 

Nitrate  of  Soda  Muriate  of  Potash 

Sulphate  of  Potash  Kainit 

Our  40  years  cf  experience,  prompt  service,  best  facilities,  are  back  of  every  bag  of  these  Genuine  Materials. 
We  advise  to  buy  now,  prompt  service.  Write  us  for  Prices  TO-DAY.  Any  amount  from  200-lb.  bag  up 


FARMERS  UNITED  CHEMICAL  CO., 


Box  317,  Reading,  Pa. 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE. 


A 

ONI 


I  EC' 


^RTILI 

.  .  .  SOLELY  MANUFACTURED  BY  .  .  . 

*Tke  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co. 

Middletown,  Conn., 

Send  for  Free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
the  Hubbard  “Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


Rutland  Co.,  Vt.,  Jan.  6, 1911. 

The  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Gentlemen I  got  last  year  200  bu.  of 
ears  of  Corn,  700  bu.  of  Onions,  $300.00 
worth  of  Raspberries  and  $600.00  worth  of 
Strawberries  to  the  acre,  fertilized  en¬ 
tirely  with  Hubbard’s  “Bone  Base”  Ferti¬ 
lizers.  A  net  result  of  $200.00  better  than 
ever  before,  due  entirely  to  their  liberal 
use.  That  is  a  satisfactory  result  on  our 
stony  knolls  which  some  writer  has  called, 
“Pretty  thin  pickings.” 

Yours  truly, 

W.  W.  Goodnow. 


6©2 


H'HBj  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


May  6, 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE 

A  British  steamer  will  shortly  sail  from 
Portland,  Oregon,  with  3,500,000  feet  of 
lumber  for  Nanking  and  Hangkow,  China, 
800  miles  up  the  Yangtse  Kiang  River. 
The  whole  distance  will  be  about  5,500 
miles. 

Horseradish. — “I  want  information  re¬ 
garding  the  New  York  market  for  horse¬ 
radish,  the  amount  that  can  be  sold,  pres¬ 
ent  prices,  etc.”  w.  s. 

New  Hampshire. 

Several  inquiries  about  this  matter  are 
at  hand.  It  all  depends  upon  the  quality 
of  the  horseradish.  Comparatively  little 
prime  root  is  grown  in  the  East  at  present. 
Most  of  the  supply  comes  from  the  Central 
West,  largely  Missouri,  where  it  grows  to 
perfection  in  the  black  soil  of  reclaimed 
swamps.  Single  roots  weighing  upwards  of 
one  pound  are  not  uncommon.  To  bring 
best  prices  horseradish  must  be  practically 
free  from  knobby,  branching  roots.  Several 
growers  in  New  York  State  and  New  Jersey 
are  raising  very  fine  roots,  which  are  sold 
at  top  prices  to  special  customers,  but  most 
dealers  do  not  care  to  encourage  shipments 
from  New  York  or  New  England  except 
from  experienced  growers,  as  the  common 
roots  growing  in  meadows  and  wet  pastures 
are  not  worth  the  transportation  charges 
for  this  trade.  There  is  a  steadily  increas¬ 
ing  demand  for  this  vegetable  for  both  hotel, 
and  family  trade,  and  the  business  has  be¬ 
come  large  enough  to  interest  speculators. 
The  root  is  taken 'from  the  market  and  put 
into  cold  storage  until  prices  are  forced  to 
a  level  that  will  make  an  ample  profit  on 
the  speculation.  One  man  near  New  York 
has  at  present  20  carloads  in  storage.  He 
grates  and  bottles  it,  selling  to  the  hotel 
and  retail  trade.  Wholesale  prices  for  the 
root  run  from  .$4  to  $7  per  100  pounds. 
Our  judgment  is  that  growers  of  a  small 
quantity  of  horseradish  would  do  better  to 
sejl  it  locally  than  ship  to  New  York. 
Gx-atcd  horseradish  becomes  discolored  quick¬ 
ly.  The  supply  that  the  village  grocer  gets 
from  his  wholesaler  blackens,  and  here  is 
the  local  growers’  opportunity.  A  supply 
freshly  grated,  and  delivered  to  grocery  or 
family  trade  two  or  three  times  a  week 
will  net  more  profit  than  selling  the  root 
whole. 

Cabbage.— New  York  has  been  overloaded 
with  this  product  during  the  past  two 
weeks.  New  stock  from  the  South  has  ar¬ 
rived  freely.  Some  has  brought  barely 
enough  to  pay  the  freight,  and  several  cars 
have  been  abandoned  as  not  worth  the 
charges.  Part  of  the  trouble  was  due  to 
the  poor  condition,  but  more  to  the  surplus. 
The  same  thing  happened  last  year  with 
cabbage,  sweet  potatoes  and  some  other 
products,  and  will  doubtless  continue  until 
a  quick  and  unprejudiced  system  of  dis¬ 
tributing  market  information  is  devised.  It 
may .  be  said  that  commission  men  should 
warn  shippers  when  a  market  gets  seriously 
overloaded.  Some  of  them  do,  but  there  are 
many  who  encourage  shipments,  so  long 
as  they  bring  enough  to  pay  freight  and 
commission.  This  is  a  matter  which  the  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture  at  Washington 
might  well  consider.  They  have  the  facili¬ 
ties  for  distributing  daily  information 
through  the  press,  weather  and  crop  bulle¬ 
tins,  etc.,  and  some  market  information 
might  be  added  to  these  daily  bulletins 
without  much  additional  expense.  No  great 
details  would  be  needed.  In  the  present 
case  the  brief  statement  that  New  York 
is  overloaded  with  cabbage  would  have  en¬ 
abled  shippers  to  divert  some  of  the  stuff 
to  more  favorable  markets.  Reliable  daily 
news  regarding  market  conditions  on  some 
staple  perishable  products  in  half  a  dozen 
large  cities  would  be  of  great  value  to  the 
public  generally. 

Easter  Fi.owers. — The  florists  are  unani¬ 
mous  in  saying  that  it  was  a  plant  Easter 
this  year ;  while  millions  of  cut  flowers 
were  sold  the  greatest  demand  among  retail 
purchasers  was  for  pot  plants.  The  com¬ 
bination  of  a  late  Easter  with  an  excep¬ 
tionally  backward  season  resulted  in  plants 
of  extra  high  quality,  as  they  were  not 
unduly  forced,  and  thus  showed  firm  and 
robust  growth  with  flowers  of  natural  color 
and  texture.  Next  to  the  lilies,  which  are 
always  in  enormous  demand,  climbing  roses 
were  among  the  most  popular  plants,  in 
baskets  or  in  standard  and  umbrella  shapes, 
Crimson  Rambler,  Dorothy  Perkins,  Tau- 
scndchon,  Lady  Gay,  etc.,  and  there  were 
also  many  Baby  Ramblers.  Among  pot 
roses. of  the  Hybrid  Perpetual  class  Magna 
Charta  is  still  a  favorite,  as  it  blooms  free¬ 
ly  and  makes  a  handsome  plant  under 
forcing  conditions.  The  yellow  Genista, 
which  has  been  a  little  out  of  favor  for  a 
few  years,  was  again  popular,  and  there 
were  beautiful  Acacias  and  Laburnums.  Hy¬ 
drangeas  Otaksa  and  Thomas  Hogg  were 
exceptionally  fine  and  purchased  eagerly, 
while  there  were  magnificent  Rhododendrons 
for  those  who  wanted  large  plants.  Azaleas 
sold  rapidly,  and  in  New  York  the  supply 
in  the  smaller  sizes  was  reported  as  un¬ 
equal  to  the  demand.  A  novelty  in  the 
trade  was  the  little  native  moss  pink,  Phlox 
subulata,  in  attractive  pottery  bowls.  The 


beautiful  tropical  vine  Bougainvillea,  with 
masses  of  rosy  mauve  bracts,  .  and  some 
potted  orchids,  Cattleyas,  Miltonias,  Den- 
drobiums  and  Oncidiums,  appeared  in  the 
high-class  trade,  while  Spiraeas,  hyacinths, 
lily  of  the  valley  and  marguerites  sold  free¬ 
ly  in  popular  trade.  In  cut  flowers  roses 
and  carnations  were  exceedingly  plentiful, 
and  prices  were  moderate,  American  Beauty 
being  especially  disappointing  to  sellers. 
Violets  were  also  plentiful  and  an  enormous 
quantity  of  all  these  flowers  went  to  the 
street  venders.  Probably  the  only  flower 
that  went  up  in  price  on  Saturday  was  lily 
of  the  valley,  which  became  scarce,  advanc¬ 
ing  from  $2  per  100  in  the  morning  to  .$3 
and  $4  by  midnight.  Violets  were  from  25 
cents  per  100  for  low  grades  to  75  cents 
for  specials.  Since  Easter  the  street  men 
have  been  selling  violets  freely  for  10  cents 
a  bunch,  and  roses  equally  cheap. 


Spraying  in  Nebraska. 

We  finished  the  first  spraying  of  our  home 
commercial  orchard  to-day,  April  22.  The 
object  of  the  first  spraying  is  to  destroy 
such  spores  of  fungus  diseases  as  have  been 
carried  over  the  Winter.  The  proper  time 
for  this  first  application  is  before  the  blos¬ 
som  buds  actually  open,  at  the  stage  when 
they  show  by  a  pink  tinge  that  they  will 
bloom  in  a  few  days.  Formula :  Four 
pounds  sulphate  of  copper,  five  pounds  of 
fresh  stone  lime  slaked,  2%  pounds  of  ar¬ 
senate  of  lead  to  50  gallons  of  water.  The 
Bordeaux  portion  of  the  application  is  to 
destroy  fungus  spores,  the  arsenate  of  lead 
portion  in  the  combination  is  expected  to 
help  guard  against  canker-worm,  apple  and 
plum  curculio.  The  second  application  will 
be  applied  just  after  the  petals  of  the  blos¬ 
soms  fall  and  before  the  calyx  of  the  apple 
closes.  For  the  second  application  we  shall 
use  three  pounds  of  sulphate  of  copper,  five 
pounds  of  lime,  2%  pounds  of  arsenate  of 
lead  to  50  gallons  of  water,  applying  the 
same  with  a  3%  horse  power  gasoline  en¬ 
gine  intended  to  maintain  a  pressure  of  175 
to  200  pounds,  and  thus  applying  the  spray 
with  such  force  as  shall  fill  the  calyx  of 
the  apple.  Our  apricots  have  set  fruit, 
apparently  have  suffered  no  harm,  plum  and 
cherry  are  in  excellent  condition,  black 
raspberries,  blackberries,  strawberries  and 
grapes  are  in  excellent  condition.  The 
apple  tree  buds  up  to  this  time  have  suf¬ 
fered  no  harm.  At  this  moment  the  indi¬ 
cations  are  very  encouraging  for  a  crop  of 
fruit.  During  our  dry  Springs,  where  the 
country  is  drv  over  a  wide  area  there  seems 
to  be  less  liability  to  severe  dangerous  cold 

Waves.  E.  F.  STEPHENS. 

Saline  Co.,  Nebraska. 


‘‘Working  Dogs.” — The  latest  live  stock 
organization  which  we  read  about  is  a 
Draft  Dog  Society  which  is  organized  in 
Belgium.  The  object  of  this  is  to  preserve 
the  Belgium  breed  of  mastiff  and  improve 
the  condition  of  working  dogs.  A  working 
dog  will  seem  like  a  strange  animal  to  a 
good  many  of  our  people,  but  in  Europe 
large  dogs  are  used  to  haul  loads,  often 
taking  the  place  of  horses  or  oxen.  It  is 
said  that  there  arc  150.000  dogs  used  for 
working  purposes  in  Belgium,  with  10,000 
of  these  in  the  city  of  Brussels.  When 
properly  trained  these  dogs  haul  heavy 
loads,  and  are  very  useful,  and  this  society 
appears  to  be  necessary  in  order  to  preserve 
proper  type  of  working  dogs. 


Yes,  sir,  that’s  right — you  keep  this  engine  for  $7.50,  a  wonderful  gasoline 
engine  offer,  an  offer  without  a  parallel.  We  ship  you  Schmidt’s  Chilled  Cylinder 
Gasoline  Engine  on  your  simple  request  without  an  order  or  any  promise  from  you.  You  use  the 

engine  10  entire  days,  use  it  all  you  want  to.  Then  if  you  don’t 
want  it,  send  it  back  at  our  expense.  If  you  do  wish  to  keep  it, 
pay  us  only  $7.50  and  the  rest  in  the  easiest  monthly 
payments.  We  send  you  the  engine  free,  to  prove  that 
it  is  the  greatest  air  cooled  3  horse  power  engine  on  earth.  It 
is  the  only  engine  with  the  marvelous,  powerful  chilled  cylin¬ 
der.  The  only  engine  for  farm  use  with  a  spark  retarder. 

The  new  type  gasoline  engine  that  has  revolutionized  the  gaso¬ 
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5  Years  Guarantee  inder  Gasoline  Engine 

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WE  SELL  FARMS  in  Oceana,  best  County  in  U.  S. 

Fruit,  Alfalfa,  Grain, Vegetables,  Stock,  Poul¬ 
try.  J.  D.  S.  HANSON  &  SON,  Hart,  Mich. 


ENTERPRISE  FOUNDRY  AND  FENCE  COMPANY 
1225  East  24th  Street,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


p'OR  SALE  —  Ninety-six  acre  farm;  nine-room 
A  house;  two  barns — 28  by  34  with  basement,  and 
30  by  40;  fruit;  spring  water  in  house  ami  barn; 
maple  sugar  grove.  Price,  $2,500.  Terms:  $800cash, 
the  balance  mortgage  at  five  per  cent.  HALL’S 
FARM  AGENCY,  Owego.N.  Y. 


DROWN  FENCE 


Strongest,  most  durable  fence 
made.  Heaviest,  closest  wires.  Double 

I^^galvanized.  Practically  indestructible.  Stock 
strong  Chicken  tight.  14  to  35c  per  rod.  Sample  free.  Wepayfrt. 

The  brown  Fence  &  Wire  Co.,  Dept.  50  Cleveland.  Ol  io 


PROFITABLE  INVESTMENT 


Republic 
Ornamental  Fence 
will  enhance  the  value 


of  your  property. 

Rnniiklir  Ornamental 

nepUDllC  F  E,  N  C  E  S 

aremade  by  cabling  large  heavily  galvanized  wires 
......  in  serting  heavy  upright  wire  pickets,  corrugated 

^  only  at  point  of  intersection ;  thus  forming  an  immovable  joint 

withoutinjuringthegalvanizcd  coating.  Most  durable  lencemade. 
A  variety  of  beautiful  designs.  May  be  erected  with  wood  or  iron  posts. 
Write  for  catalog.  If  you  need  Farm  Gateo,  write  lor  Special  Farm  Gate  Catalog. 

REPUBLIC  FENCE  4  GATE  CO.,  211  jijepublic  St.,  N.  Chicago,  III- 


;/.v 


This  Hay  Loader  Side  Delivery  Rake 

Will  Save  Your  Dollars,  Your  Time  and  Your  Hay 

THIS  is  an  age  of  specialization.  The  jack-of-all-trades  is  being  outdistanced  by  the  master.-of-one.  We  have  been 
specializing  in  hay  tools  for  more  than  twenty-eight  years.  As  a  result  Great  Dain  Line  tools  are  superior,  and  most 
favorably  known.  More  of  them  are  sold  than  of  any  other  kind  of  hay  tools.  In  judging  farm  tools,  you  consider  three 
things  first  of  all:  efficiency,  durability  and  simplicity.  These  three  fe-atures  are  cardinal  points  of  the  Great  Dain  Line. 
You’ll  find  them  prominent  and  effective  in  our  Hay  Loader  and  Side  Delivery  Rake. 

Their  efficiency  is  due  to  the  application  of  correct  mechanical  principles  by  the  inventor,  Mr.  Jos.  Dain,  and  to  painstaking  construction.  It  gives  you 
the  assurance  of  successfully  finishing  any  job  that  you  undertake  with  the  aid  of  these  tools.  Their  durability  is  the  result  of  highest  grade  materials  in  connection 
with  construction  features  that  eliminate  unnecessary  working  strain.  Their  simplicity  makes  them  easy  to  operate  and  dependable. 

It  takes  courage  to  use  costly  materials  in  the  face  of  cheap  competition.  Pretty  paint  can  make  an  inferior  machine  look  nice;  but  the  high  grade  material, 
careful  workmanship  and  quality  features  built  into  Dain  machines  keep  them  in  the  field  in  splendid  working  condition,  long  after  the  cheaply  made  machine 
has  gone  to  the  scrap  heap.  To  build  strong,  substantial  machines  that  will  stand  the  wear  and  tear  of  hard  use — season  in  and  season 
out — is  a  religion  with  us.  Be  on  the  safe  side,  select  a  hay  tool  made  by  hay  tool  specialists.  When  you  sec  the  name  Dain  on  a  hay  tool  you  take  no 
chances — our  reputation  of  twenty-eight  years  experience  is  back  of  that  name . 

The  Great  Dain  Hay  Loader  y  The  Great  Dain  Side  Delivery  Rake 


requires  no  one  on  the  load  but  the  driver.  It  pushes 
the  hay  well  forward  where  it  can  be  easily  handled.  No 
return  carrier  to  drag  the  hay  back  to  the  ground.  By  dyna¬ 
mometer  test,  this  loader  has  proven  to  be  the  lighest  draft 
loader  on  the  market.  The  ground  is  practically  raked  twice 
by  the  Dain  as  it  is  geared  so  every  revolution  of  the  rake  over¬ 
laps  the  one  preceding.  It’s  the  simplest  loader  made — no 
long  crooked  crank  shaft,  no  drum  cylinder,  no  return  carrier 
or  ropes  to  rot,  no  twisted  chains,  no  cams,  or  superfluous 
freak  mechanism  to  get  out  of  kclter  and  cause  delay.  Gently 
removes  hay  from  swath  or  windrow.  Takes  the  hay  from 
the  low  places — passes  gently  over  bumps  and  other  obstruc¬ 
tions  and  reaches  into  every  hollow.  These  are  a  few  of  the 
reasons  why  there  are  more  Dain  Hay  Loaders  sold  every 
year  than  any  ether  kind. 


Special  Features  of  the  Hay  Loader 

No  long  crooked  crank  shaft;  is  operated 
by  swinging- pitmans.  Patented  hinged  board 
at  bottom  fo  turn  up  for  windrow.  Hinged 
tongue  for  coupling  with  any  height  wagon. 
Geared  to  insure  greatest  hay  gathering 
efficiency.  Height  of  rakes  can  be  regulated. 
Hinged  apron  guides  hay  to  load  and  pre¬ 
vents  the  wind  blowing  it  off.  Caster  wheels 
insure  lightestdral't  and  make  turning  easy. 

I,carn  more  about  this  Dain  Loader  and  Side 
Delivery  liake  — also  about  the  Dain  Vertical 
Lift  Mower  —  the  seven  styles  of  Stackers — the 
live  styles  of  Sweep  ltakes  and  Dain  Presses.  All 
Great  Dain  tools  have  features  that  unquestion¬ 
ably  save  hay  growers  time,  labor  and  money.  Con¬ 
sult  the  nearest  Dain  Dealer,  also  write  us  In  what 
hay  tools  you  are  interested,  and  receive  full  descrip¬ 
tion.  together  with  a  free  copy  ot  " All  About  Hay” 
the  most  interesting  and  practical  book  ever  pub¬ 
lished  about  hay.  Write  today. 


m 


V' 


No  matter  how  heavy  or  how  light  the  hay,  this  rake  delivers  if  in 
fluffy  loose  windrows  where  every  wisp  is  exposed  to 
the  air  and  quickly  dried  without  sun  scorching  and 
bleaching.  Air  cured  hay  is  sweetest,  has  best  color, 
and  brings  the  highest  price.  If  your  hay  should  he 
rained  upon,  simply  turn  it  over  with  this  rake — it’s  a  rake 
and  tedder  in  one.  Three  sets  of  slowly  revolving  rake 
teeth  get  all  the  hay  and  turn  it  into  loose,  continuous 
windrows  so  gently  that  scarcely  a  leaf  is  broken  off. 
Cushion  springs  take  up  the  jar  when  driving  over  rough 
ground.  This  rake  used  in  connection  with  the  Dain 
Loader,  affords  the  quickest,  best  way  of  curing  hay 
and  getting  it  out  of  the  field. 

Special  Side  Delivery  Rake  Features 
Teeth  move  with  gentle  motion  ; 
harmless  to  tender  products.  Kakee 
cleanly  without  gathering  trash.  Steel 
construction  throughout  makes  it 
practically  indestructible.  All  jars 
absorbed  by  cushion  springs.  Easy  reg¬ 
ulation  of  bevel  gears.  Easily  adjusted 
to  handle  light  or  heavy  hay. 


AIN  MFG.  CO. 

802  Vine  Street 

OTTUMWA,  -  -  IOWA  ..„ _ 


1811. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


se3 


VAN  DEMAN’S  NOTES. 

Grapevines  With  Little  Fruit. 

C.  B.  II.,  German  Valley,  N.  J. — We  have 
a  number  of  grapevines  in  our  garden,  along 
the  outside  edge,  in  good  soil,  which  we 
have  manured  well  from  year  to  year,  and 
last  year  we  covered  the  ground  around 
the  vines  with  a  heavy  mulch  of  leaves  and 
straw,  thinking  they  would  retain  the  mois¬ 
ture  and  perhaps  do  good,  but  we  had  no 
grapes  as  usual.  The  vines  grow  well,  look 
well  and  need  considerable  pruning  every 
year,  but  give  but  little  fruit  and  that  not 
very  nice. 

Ans. — Grapevines  that  are  well 
treated,  as  these  seem  to  be,  ought  to 
bear  good  crops.  It  is  possible  that 
they  are  of  some  variety  that  has  im¬ 
perfect  flowers  and  may  be  barren  or 
not  very  productive.  The  Wilder  ancj 
some  other  kinds  are  of  this  character, 
but  the  Concord  and  nearly  all  the  com¬ 
mon  varieties  are  perfect  in  flower  and 
bear  well.  Any  unfruitful  vines  should 
be  grafted  to  better  varieties.  It  may 
be  that  mildew  or  black  rot  has  blasted 
the  young  fruit  after  it  has  set  and  if 
so  this  can  be  prevented  by  spraying 
with  Bordeaux  Mixture  as  soon  as  the 
young  fruit  is  formed  and  twice  again 
later  in  the  growing  season. 

Fruits  for  Northeastern  New  York. 

L.  A.  R.,  Plattsburgh,  N.  Y. — What  are 
the  best  kinds  of  dwarf  and  standard  pears, 
cherries,  sweet  and  sour;  also  plums  to  set 
In  this  locality,  Northeastern  New  York? 
We  have  about  25  standard  pear  trees, 
Flemish  Beauty,  30  years  old  or  more,  that 
bear  pretty  well,  if  we  get  them  sprayed 
so  as  to  have  perfect  fruit.  I  have  lately 
purchased  this  place  where  I  lived  as  a 
child.  The  orchard  of  four  or  five  hundred 
apple  trees  has  been  neglected  and  we  are 
trying  to  build  it  up. 

Ans. — Among  the  best  pears  to  plant 
are  the  Bartlett,  Seckel,  Sheldon  and 
Lawrence.  As  dwarf  trees  the  Louise 
Bonne  and  Angouleme  are  very  good. 
Of  the  sweet  cherries  the  Bing,  Lam¬ 
bert,  Napoleon  and  Schmidt  are-  those 
I  would  plant,  and  the  Richmond  and 
Montmorency  of  the  sour  kinds.  The 
Lombard,  Grand  Duke  and  Monarch 
are  among  the  best  of  the  plums.  To 
build  up  the  old  apple  orchard  the  trees 
should  have  all  dead  wood  cut  out,  the 
feeble  branches  cut  back  severely,  so 
they  will  form  new  wood,  and  the 
ground  plowed  and  harrowed  or  other¬ 
wise  stirred  on  the  surface  during  the 
Summer.  All  the  fertility  that  can  be 
added  in  the  way  of  farm  manure  will 
help  materially  in  the  vigor  of  the  trees 
and  their  bearing  ability.  Any  of  the 
nurseries  advertising  in  this  paper  can 
furnish  good  trees  for  planting. 

English  Walnut  in  Pennsylvania. 

M.  II.  W.,  Spring  City.,  Pa, — Wc  have  be¬ 
tween  300  and  400  seedlings  that  we  raised 
from  the  nut,  here  in  Chester  County,  Penn¬ 
sylvania,  of  the  so-called  English  walnut. 
We  planted  the  seeds  from  a  tree  which  has 
borne  annual  crops  of  about  15  bushels  for 
the  last  20  years.  The  nuts  are  the  equal 
of  anything  I  have  ever  bought  on  the  mar¬ 
ket ;  the  shell  is  very  thin,  and  the  meat 
very  delicious.  These  trees  have  been  set 
In  a  nursery  row  for  three  years,  having 
been  planted  there  from  the  seed  row. 
They  have  been  well  cultivated  and  are 
now  more  than  one  inch  in  diameter,  on 
an  average  and  perhaps  five  feet  tall.  Do 
you  think  it  would  pay  us  to  plant  these 
trees?  We  did  grow  them,  indeed,  for  this 
purpose,  but  we  have  read  so  many  con¬ 
flicting  reports  about  the  advisability  of 
planting  nuts  here,  that  we  scarcely  know 
what  to  do. 

Ans. — Yes,  I  think  it  would  pay  to 
plant  out  the  seedling  walnut  trees  men¬ 
tioned  into  permanent  orchard  form. 
They  are  from  a  hardy  and  productive 
parent  tree  and  probably  one  that  is 
isolated  and  the  bloom  not  subject  to 
crossing  with  other  trees,  which  would 
make  the  nuts  quite  thoroughbred  and 
the  seedlings  will  probably  be  fairly  true 
to  type.  There  will  be  variations  of 
course  and  it  would  be  much  better  if 
the  trees  were  grafted,  but  a  splendid 
walnut  orchard  can  be  made  from  the 
lot  of  seedlings.  They  are  just  the  right 
size  to  transplant.  They  should  be 
planted  out  at  once  and  not  nearer  than 
50  feet  apart.  Even  60  feet  would  be 


none  too  far  when  they  attain  full  size. 
In  the  bearing  walnut  orchards  of  Cali¬ 
fornia  I  saw,  when  I  was  there  last 
Fall,  the  bad  results  of  too-close  plant¬ 
ing.  The  trees  must  have  room  for  full 
development.  Most  of  these  orchards 
are  of  seedling  trees  and  they  pay  well, 
but  would  pay  better  if  all  were  grafted 
to  the  better  varieties.  On  the  shores 
of  Lake  Chelan,  in  Washington,  I  saw 
some  fine  young  seedling  walnut  or¬ 
chards  last  Fall  when  in  bearing. 
There  was  considerable  variation  in 
the  style  of  trees,  bearing,  size  of  nuts 
and  other  points  and  yet  these  orchards 
were  very  valuable.  Those  who  will 
plant  and  care  for  the  trees  until  they 
come  into  bearing  will  be  well  repaid. 
The  ground  between  the  trees  can  be 
used  for  growing  farm  or  garden  crops 
for  several  years.  The  trees  deserve 
the  best  land  that  can  be  found  and  will 
richly  pay  for  it  in  due  time. 

Pears  in  Michigan. 

H.  T.,  Sodus,  Mich. — What  is  to  be  done 
with  a  block  of  well-kept  Kieffer  pear  trees 
that  do  not  bear?  Experts  tell  me  they 
need  cross-fertilization.  I  am  informed 
such  sorts  as  Bartlett,  Clapp,  etc.,  will  not 
do  well  top-worked  on  the  Kieffer  stock. 
Has  anyone  had  experience  in  grafting  Gar¬ 
ber  or  some  other  Oriental  on  the  Kieffer? 
Is  the  Rosney  pear  of  any  considerable  com¬ 
mercial  value?  What  are  its  merits  and 
faults? 

Ans. — The  Garber  pear  bloom  is  said 
to  pollinate  that  of  the  Kieffer,  but  I 
have  never  tested  it  myself.  These  two 
varieties  will  graft  together  very  well, 
both  being  of  the  Oriental  type.  Kief¬ 
fer  is  really  in  need  of  cross-pollina¬ 
tion  with  other  varieties,  and  just  what 
ones  are  best  suited  for  this  use  has 
never  been  worked  out  thoroughly,  so 
far  as  I  know.  The  Rosney  may  bloom 
at  the  same  time  as  the  Kieffer,  which 
is  quite  early,  and  if  so  it  is  probable 
that  its  pollen  may  be  potent  on  the 
stigmas  of  the  latter,  but  the  fruit  is  of 
poor  quality  and  would  have  only  a 
limited  sale.  h.  e.  van  deman. 

Hungarian  Grass  or  Millet. 

II.  C.  D.,  Connecticut.— I  notice  consid¬ 
erable  about  millet  and  very  little  about 
Hungarian  grass.  Is  not  the  latter  as 
good  for  feeding  as  the  millet?  Last  year 
I  sowed  them  side  by  side  on  poor  land 
with  a  little  fertilizer,  and  got  a  good  crop 
from  the  Hungarian,  but  the  millet  was  so 
short  I  could  hardly  cut  it. 

Ans. — On  strong,  fertile,  moist  soils, 
where  seeding  can  be  done  fairly  early 
in  the  Summer,  the  millet  of  the  Jap¬ 
anese  type  will  without  doubt  give  a 
much  heavier  yield  per  acre  than  Hun¬ 
garian,  but  where  the  seeding  must  be 
done  somewhat  late  in  the  season  on 
the  soils,  which  are  inclined  to  be  dry 
and  are  lacking  in  fertility,  either  the 
Hungarian  or  the  common  millet  will 
be  likely  to  give  better  results  than  the 
larger  growing  Japanese  millet  or  Ger¬ 
man  millet.  L.  A.  CLINTON. 

Canada  Thistles. — Perhaps  my  ex¬ 
perience  with  thistles  may  be  of  advan¬ 
tage  to  H.  B.  S.,  page  351.  When  I 
came  here  I  found,  a  patch  of  Canada 
thistles  several  rods  in  extent  growing 
in  a  Timothy  sod.  They  were  cut  with 
a  scythe  once  to  prevent  seeding  and 
the  field  plowed  early  in  August  and 
left  without  harrowing  to  dry  out.  It 
was  then  top-dressed  with  manure  and 
seeded  to  rye  the  fore  part  of  Septem¬ 
ber.  The  rye  made  a  vigorous  growth, 
and  was  plowed  under  and  set  to  cab¬ 
bage  in  the  Spring.  The  plowing  and 
drying  weakened  those  roots.  Harrow- 
ing  for  rye  a  month  later  tore  up  what 
had  started.  Then  the  rye  choked  and 
smothered  them  until  May,  and  when 
turned  upside  down  again  they  were  so 
thoroughly  discouraged  that  I  think  not 
more  than  a  dozen  little  sickly  plants 
ever  got  their  heads  up.  These  were 
nipped  off  as  we  hoed  the  cabbage.  That 
finished  the  job  completely;  for  three 
years  now  we  have  seen  no  sign  of 
them,  and  it  all  cost  less  than  an  hour’s 
extra  work.  b.  v.  g. 

Sharon,  Pa. 


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AFTER  29  YEARS 
NOT  RUSTED  YET 

This  picture  shows  a  few  “  M  I  F  Co  ” 
shingle  nails  that  have  been  in  service  for 
29  years. 

During  all  this  time  these  nails  have  been  in 
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But  not  one  of  these  heavy  zinc  coated  nails 
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Farmers,  architects  and  builders  will  agree 
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THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


MAKING  A  CEMENT  PIPE. 

A.  T.  G.,  Erin,  N.  Y. — I  would  like  ad¬ 
vice  regarding  building  a  cement  pipe  to 
conduct  water  from  spring  to  building, 
there  being  a  fall  of  at  least  one  foot  to 
the  rod.  The  method  proposed  is  to  dig 
a  ditch  with  a  trough  about  five  inches 
square  in  bottom ;  then  fill  trough  with 
cement  a  few  feet  at  a  time,  using  a  rub¬ 
ber  hose  five  or  six  feet  long  in  center  of 
cement  to  keep  hole  open,  and  drawing 
hose  forward'  as  cement  hardened  and 
work  progressed.  Will  the  cement  stick  to 
hose  to  bother  about  drawing  forward? 

Ans. — I  have  had  no  personal  experi¬ 
ence  in  this  kind  of  work,  but  have  read 
accounts  of  cement  pipes  being  con¬ 
structed  sucessfully  along  those  same 
lines,  a  rubber  hose  being  used  to  keep 
the  hole  open,  but  if  I  were  to  build  one 
I  would  try  a  piece  of  galvanized  pipe, 
instead  of  the  rubber  hose,  if  I  had  a 
straight  line  to  work  in.  I  would  have 
the  hole  threaded  at  one  end  and  a  short 
rod  about  eight  inches  long  screwed  in. 
The  handle,  I  will  call  it,  should  be 
bent  up  squarely;  then  when  you  wished 
to  move  it  you  could  take  hold  of  the 
handle,  work  the  pipe  back  and  forth  a 
few  times,  which  would  loosen  it  up  so 
that  it  could  be  drawn  along  readily  and 
would  insure  a  perfect  hole  through, 
while  a  rubber  hose  would  have  to  be 
pulled  out  regardless  of  consequences. 

w.  A.  B. 


CHEMICAL  FERTILIZER  FOR  PASTURE, 

In  England  they  have  a  popular  way  of 
testing  chemicals  for  improving  a  pasture. 
The  plan  is  to  divide  a  field  in  two  parts. 
On  one  part  they  use  a  combination  of 
chemicals,  while  they  leave  the  other  part 
alone.  They  then  turn  an  equal  number  of 
cows  as  nearly  matched  as  possible  into 
each  side  of  the  field.  These  cows  are 
handled  and  fed  grain  as  nearly  alike  as 
possible,  and  a  close  record  is  kept  of  their 
milk.  In  order  to  make  the  experiment  fair 
the  cows  are  transferred  back  and  forth 
from  one  side  of  the  pasture  to  the  other. 
Any  gain  of  milk  under  this  arrangement  is 
credited  to  the  chemicals,  on  the  theory 
that  they  produce  more  grass  and  thus 
make  more  food  for  the  cattle.  This  seems 
like  a  fair  proposition,  and  it  ought  to  be 
tried  more  in  this  country.  Two  years  ago 
an  experiment  of  this  kind  was  tried  at  the 
Midland  College  in  England.  A  field  was 
divided  in  two  parts.  On  one  side  a  mix¬ 
ture  of  chemicals  consisting  of  400  pounds 
of  acid  phosphate,  and  150  pounds  of  sul¬ 
phate  of  potash  was  scattered  over  the 
grass.  Nothing  was  put  on  the  other  side 
of  the  pasture.  It  was  found  that  the  first 
year  each  fertilized  acre  gained  an  increase 
of  84  gallons  of  milk  as  a  result  of  this 
fertilizing,  and  the  next  year  the  gain  was 
86  gallons.  This  made  a  profit  over  the 
cost  of  the  fertilizer  during  the  two  years 
of  $14.  A  similar  experiment  was  started 
last  year ;  500  pounds  of  the  mixture  de¬ 
scribed  above  was  used  on  an  acre.  As  the 
result  of  this  fertilizing,  the  total  gain  for 
12  weeks  was  about  65  gallons  of  milk, 
which  gave  a  good  profit.  The  gain  is  likely 
to  continue  for  two  years  mox-e.  In  that 
country  phosphoric  acid  and  potash  alone 
would  probably  be  sufficient  to  build  up  the 
pastures.  On  most  American  pastures,  how¬ 
ever,  the  soil  is  drier,  and  has  not  been  so 
well  kept  up.  It  would  be  necessary  there¬ 
fore  in  most  cases,  to  add  some  form  of 
nitrogen.  A  small  quantity  of  nitrate  of 
soda  added  to  the  phosphate  and  potash 
would  without  doubt  greatly  improve  the 
pasture.  We  would  like  to  see  our  Ameri¬ 
can  experiment  stations  conduct  this  kind  of 
an  experiment  in  a  dozen  different  parts  of 
the  dairy  section  of  New  York  State. 


SELLING  THOSE  OKLAHOMA  PEACHES. 

On  page  432  a  reader  in  Oklahoma  asked 
for  advice  in  disposing  of  a  crop  of  canned 
peaches.  You  might  think  this  would  stump 
our  people,  but  nearly  a  dozen  of  them 
have  come  in  to  help.  Here  are  two  sug¬ 
gestions  from  the  Far  West : 

Would  Sell  Good  Dried  Peaches. 

I  am  inclosing  portion  of  a  label  of  a 
can  of  California  peaches.  The  peaches  in 
these  cans  are  as  large  or  larger  than  those 
shown  on  the  label,  are  very  uniform  and 
extra  flavor  for  California  fruit.  We  pay 
20  cents  apiece  for  these  cans  of  peaches 
here  at  retail.  I  see  no  reason  why  grow¬ 
ers  should  destroy  orchards  at  that  price. 
I  remember  35  or  40  years  -ago  in  New 
England  we  used  to  be  able  to  buy  what 
were  called  evaporated  peaches.  They  were 
ripe  (but  not  soft)  peaches,  peeled,  sliced 
and  evaporated.  Some  of  them,  of  course, 
were  treated  with  sulphur  to  make  them 
white,  but  even  that  could  not  destroy  all 
the  good  taste.  A  pound  would  make  a 
number  of  pies  that  were  hard  to  beat.  I 


have  not  seen  for  the  last  20  years  any¬ 
thing  in  the  line  of  dried  or  evaporated 
■peaches  but  the  California  kind,  which  are 
merely  green  peaches  halved  and  the  hide 
and  wool  left  on.  For  my  part  I  would 
rather  have  no  peaches  at  all  than  to  buy 
them,  but  could  I  get  Eastern  peaches 
evaporated  without  the  use  of  sulphur  and 
retaining  the  Eastern  peach  flavor,  I  should 
keep  a  supply  on  hand  at  all  times,  and 
if  I  owned  a  20-acre  Elberta  peach  orchard 
in  Arkansas  or  anywhere  else  east  of  the 
Roey  Mountains,  I  should  put  in  an  evap¬ 
orator,  and  sell  woolless  dried  peaches 
till  the  cows  came  home.  Ah  !  It  makes 
my  mouth  water  as  I  write.  J.  n.  p. 

Newport,  Wash. 

Selling  Fancy  Stock. 

If  W.  M.  will  put  up  a  fancy  pack 
he  need  have  no  fear  of  not  finding  a 
market  for  his  peaches,  and  as  a  possible 
solution  to  his  problem  I  suggest  that  when 
his  orchard  begins  to  bear  he  thin  the  fruit 
on  his  trees,  take  at  least  half  of  the  fruit 
set  off  the  trees.  This  will  give  him  the 
size  and  uniformity  that  is  essential  for  a 
fancy  pack.  When  the  fruit  matures  let  it 
ripen  on  the  trees  until  it  can  be  eaten 
out  of  hand.  As  it  begins  to  ripen  go  over 
the  orchard  each  day,  picking  all  well 
ripened  fruit  and  pack  it  at  once  in  stan¬ 
dard  cans  such  as  are  used  by  the  canning 
establishments,  putting  full  weight  into 
every  can.  Then  label  his  cans  with  an 
attractive  trade-marked  label,  something 
like  this.  “Talihina  Farm  Elberta  Teaches; 
packed  direct  from  the  orchard  in  heavy 
cane  sirup;  by  W.  M.  This  can  is  guar¬ 
anteed  to  contain  —  pounds  of  fruit.” 
When  this  crop  has  been  packed,  look  about 
for  a  convenient  distributing  point ;  and 
make  a  contract  with  a  reliable  commis¬ 
sion  house  to  handle  the  goods.  As  soon 
as  he  has  made  his  selling  arrangements 
invest  in  some  printers’  ink  in  his  local 
paper  and  in  a  paper  at  his  distributing 
point.  As  to  the  price  ho  should  put  upon 
his  goods,  the  cost  will  include  growing  the 
crop,  picking  and  packing,  transportation 
charges,  to  which  must  be  added  his  per¬ 
centage  of  profit.  W.  M.  must  remem¬ 
ber  that  raw  fruit  cooked  or  sterilized  in 
the  can  will  shrink,  and  that  is  why  I 
mention  the  fact  that  he  must  put  full 
weight  in  each  can  when  he  fills  it.  Also 
that  he  must  not  expect  to  build  up  a  trade 
in  a  day ;  that  an  honest  pack  with  a  trade- 
marked  label  will  in  a  very  few  years  build 
up  a  profitable  business,  and  he  must  also 
expect  to  have  to  carry  more  or  less  stock 
until  he  gets  a  trade  established.  However, 
I  doubt  not  that  he  can  find  reliable  com¬ 
mission  men  in  Kansas  City.  St.  Louis, 
Chicago,  and  in  fact  in  any  of  the  large 
cities,  who  will  buy  his  goods  at  a  profit¬ 
able  price,  or  make  him  an  advance  on 
his  consignments,  but  it  matters  not  how 
he  disposes  of  his  goods,  he  must  not  be 
afraid  to  advertise  his  wares.  This  applies 
to  the  whole  farming  community  if  they 
want  their  share  of  “the  consumers’  dollar.” 

Idaho.  h.  s.  h. 


EASTERN  SHORE  LANDS. 

Mr.  Barnhart  recently  had  something  to 
say  in  regard  to  lands  on  the  Eastern 
Shore  of  Maryland.  He.  said  that  the  chief 
defect  is  the  lack  of  grass.  Now  the  lack 
of  grass  is  not  because  grass  will  not 
grow  there,  but  to  the  general  neglect  of 
grass.  The  Maryland  farmers  are  either 
grain  farmers  in  the  upper  counties  or  truck 
farmers  in  the  lower  section.  The  grain 
farmers  practice  a  short  rotation  of  crops, 
and  their  sale  crops  are  wheat  and  corn ; 
their  lands  are  kept  up  with  clover  mainly, 
aided  by  applications  of  acid  phosphate. 
They  are  not  to  any  great  extent  stock 
farmers,  though  some  attention  is  given  to 
all  classes  of  live  stock.  In  the  grain 
growing  sections  there  are  few  parts  of 
the  country  where  better  crops  of  wheat 
and  corn  are  grown.  But  that  grass  will 
grow  well  here  is  shown  by  an  example  I 
can  see  from  my  windows  here.  This  part 
of  the  shore  is  largely  devoted  to  truck 
crops,  such  as  early  potatoes  and  sweet 
potatoes,  melons,  cucumbers,  etc.,  and  large 
quantities  of  New  York  stable  manure  have 
been  brought  here  for  years  past.  Right 
across  the  road  from  my  house  is  a  sandy 
ridge,  sandy  down  several  feet  before  the 
hard  clay  is  reached.  This  land  was  for¬ 
merly  used  as  a  market  garden,  and  was 
manured  and  limed,  but  for  years  past  it 
has  lain  out,  belonging  to  a  real  estate 
opex-ator  who  sells  lots  for  building  pur¬ 
poses.  This  sandy  ridge  has  sodded  over 
with  Blue  grass  till  there  is  a  sod  that 
Kentucky  cannot  excel.  The  grass  has  sim¬ 
ply  been  allowed  to  grow  uncut,  and  to¬ 
day  it  is  difficult  to  walk  through  the 
mass  of  last  year’s  grass.  I  was  familiar 
with  this  section  in  my  boyhood,  and  it 
was  then  thought  that  grass  would  not 
grow  in  this  sandy  soil.  Where  the  land 
has  been  manured  and  used  for  truck 
crops  if  it  is  left  lie  out  it  sods  over 
soon  with  Blue  grass.  In  the  upper  grain¬ 
growing  counties  where  the  land  is  natur¬ 


ally  better  and  more  suited  to  grass,  the 
best  of  gi’ass  can  be  gi-own  if  a  longer  ro¬ 
tation  was  practiced,  but  whether  it  would 
be  wiser  or  not  I  cannot  say.  Grain  grow¬ 
ing  with  a  short  rotation  has  been  success¬ 
ful,  and  the  crops  have  impx-oved  year  after 
year,  and  with  plenty  of  legumes  in  the 
shape  of  cow  peas  and  Crimson  clover  we 
do  not  need  grass.  Then  as  to  the  value 
of  land.  One  would  have  to  go  ’way  back 
in  the  back  woods  to  find  any  ten-dollar 
land  on  the  Eastern  Shore.  Right  around 
Salisbury  it  is  up  in  the  hundreds  per 
acre,  and  four  miles  out  a  farm  that  my 
mother  and  her  sisters  sold  to  their 
brother  many  years  ago  for  $6  an  acre,  or 
$2400  for  the  farm,  was  sold  recently  for 
$14,000,  and  sold  to  a  man  who  already 
owns  land  that  he  would  not  take  $400  an 
acre  for,  which  in  my  remembrance  could 
have  been  bought  for  $10  or  less.  With 
abundant  transportation  by  water  and  rail 
to  the  lai-ge  cities  the  day  of  low  land 
prices  on  the  Eastern  Shore  is  past. 

w.  F.  MASSEY. 


Spray  Mixture  and  Cattle. — Will  a 
spray  of  Bordeaux  and  arsenate  of  lead,  or 
other  sprays  with  arsenic,  be  dangerous  for 
cattle  grazing  under  ti'ees  which  have  been 
sprayed?  The  orchard  is  used  as  a  pasture. 
1  use  two  pounds  of  the  arsenate  for  50 
gallons.  p.  F.  B. 

Northport,  L.  I. 

We  should  not  hesitate  to  pastui’e  stock 
in  such  a  sprayed  orchard,  after  letting  it 
stand  two  or  three  days  after  spraying. 
The  gi-ass  would  not  be  dangerous  if  you  use 
reasonable  care.  There  ai-e  some  imports  of 
ti'ouble  where  orchards  were  spi’ayed  when 
the  grass  was  high  and  where  hay  was 
made  from  the  grass.  In  these  cases  the 
spraying  was  so  heavy  that  it  dripped 
upon  the  grass  and  there  was  no  rain  to 
wash  it  off.  Hay  wetted  in  this  way  will 
be  more  dangerous  than  grass. 

French  Fried  Potatoes. — Many  of  our 
readers  have  heard  of  “French  fried  pota¬ 
toes,”  which  are  tubers  cut  into  oblong 
cubes  and  fried  in  fat.  The  restaurant 
keepers  prefer  for  this  purpose  what  they 
call  “soggy”  potatoes,  that  is,  those  which 
do  not  crumble  up  or  become  mealy  in 
cooking.  In  France  these  potatoes  are  sold 
everywhere.  Little  stoves  or  cookers  are 
located  on  the  streets  and  the  potatoes  are 
cooked  and  sold  l'apidly.  The  device  con¬ 
sists  of  a  small  stove  or  brazier  with  char¬ 
coal  for  fuel.  Over  this  is  placed  an  iron 
kettle  containing  boiling  fat.  Raw  pota¬ 
toes  after  being  pared  are  cut  in  pieces 
and  put  into  this  boiling  fat,  where  they 
are  thoi'oughly  cooked,  then  taken  out  and 
salted  and  sold  in  small  paper  bags.  In 
France  these  take  the  place  of  the  popcorn 
or  peanuts  largely  sold  in  American  cities. 
The  potatoes  provide  a  good  food ;  as  they 
are  served  hot  they  are  very  palatable. 
Thousands  of  bushels  of  potatoes  are 
worked  off  in  this  way,  and  in  France 
the  trade  is  growing  rapidly  and  driving 
out  the  sales  of  other  so-called  foods. 


This  picture  from  an  actual  photo  shows 

Louden  Balance  Grapple  Fork 

lilting  a  third  of  a  ton  of  dry  clover  hay. 

How’s  that  for  a  winner? 


There  isn’t  another  fork  in  the  world 
in  its  class.  It’s  the  only  one  that  can 
handle  clover,  alfalfa  and  threshed  straw  as  success¬ 
fully  as  timothy.  No  dribbling  or  scattering,  with 
long  stuff  or  short,  large  load  or  small. 

LoucJen’s  oara™lcI  Fork 

has  a  patented  arch  support  that  gives  perfect  bal¬ 
ance.  It  takes  hold  or  releases  its  load  at  the  slight¬ 
est  touch.  Simple  in  design,  made  of  steel  with 
heavy  malleable  connections.  Will  lift  hall  a  Ion 

without  bend  or  break. 

Get  the  Louden,  the  best  hay  fork  in  the 
world.  Seeit  at  your  dealer’s.  If  he  hasn’t  it  don’t 
run  chances  with  any  other — write  us  direct. 


Get  our  complete  Free  Catalog  of  Louden  Barn 
Tools,  F eed  and  Litter  Carriers,  Flexible  Bird  Proof 
Door  Hangers,  Hay  Tools,  etc.  Also  booklet  “Some 
Interesting  Facts  on  a  ^^Homcly  Subject.  Write 
now. 

601  Broadway, 
Fairfield, 
Iowa. 


Louden 
Machinery 
Co. 


WISHER  STEEL  HAND  CART 


Platform  hangs  low  jridos  level. 
Will  hold  four  40-qt.  milk  cans. 
Tips  forward  like  warehouse 
truck.  Will  turn  clear  over  to 
dump  load.  Fitted  with  large 
body  for  farmers. 

.  .  .  Write  for  Prices  .  .  . 

WISNER  MFG.  CO., 

230  Greenwich  St.,  New  York 


— 99_%o  %  Pure— 

American  Ingot  Iron  Roofting 

Guaranteed  For  30  Years 

Without  Painting 

The  Only  Guaranteed  Metal  Roofing  ever  put  on  the 
market.  Samples  free.  Write  for  a  free  book  showing 
remarkable  tests.  A  way  out  of  your  roof  troubles. 

THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  CO.,  Dept.  0,  ELTRIA,  OHIO 


We  have  been  very  busy  with  Spring 
work,  and  at  the  present  time  (April  13) 
are  a  mouth  or  more  ahead  of  last  year. 
We  have  our  grain  all  in  and  up ;  early 
garden  planted  and  up,  and  our  silage  corn 
ground  covered  with  a  fresh  coat  of  manure 
as  well  as  about  six  inches  of  grass,  when 
along  came  something  I  never  heard  of  or 
saw  in  my  25  years  here — a  snowstorm, 
April  10.  It  melted  here  as  fast  as  it  fell, 
but  on  the  bills  they  bad  as  high  as  six 
inches.  Much  of  the  early  fruit  was  in 
bloom  or  nearly  so,  and  I  fear  that  the 
last  few  frosty  nights  will  do  some  damage. 

Sherwood,  Ore.  c.  h.  h. 


DO  YOU  NEED  FARM  HELP? 

The  Jewish  Agricultural  and  Industrial  Aid 
Society  has  on  its  lists  men  wishing  to  obtain  em¬ 
ployment  upon  farms.  Most  of  them  are  without 
experience,  but  they  are  able-bodied  and  willing 
to  work.  They  speak  little  or  no  English,  although 
many  of  them  speak  German.  If  you  can  make 
use  of  such  help,  please  communicate  with  us, 
stating  what  you  will  pay,  whether  the  work  is 
permanent,  and  whether  you  prefer  a  single  or  a 
married  man.  We  are  a  philanthropic  organiza¬ 
tion,  whose  object  it  is  to  assist  and  encourage 
Jews  to  become  farmers.  We  charge  no  commis¬ 
sion  to  employer  or  employee.  Address 
THE  J.  A.  &  I.  A.  S.,  174  Second  Avenue.  NEW  YORK  CITY 


We  are  having  a  beautiful  Spring  for 
fruit  buds ;  keeps  very  cold  so  that  they 
have  not  started  any  *  to  speak  of,  do  not 
show  gi-een  yet ;  that  is,  apples  do  not. 
Prospects  are  for  a  good  crop  of  all  kinds 
of  fruit.  No  plowing  to  speak  of  lias  been 
done  and  very  little  sowing  done,  but  if 
we  get  better  weather  this  week  there  will 
be  a  lot  done,  as  the  ground  is  in  good 
shape  to  work.  Onion  growers  are  about 
ready  to  sow,  and  the  average  will  be 
about  normal.  A  great  deal  more  celery 
will  be  planted  than  ever  before  if  the 
plants  are  plenty.  w.  p.  r. 

Wayne  Co.,  New  York. 


Do  Your 
Buildings 
Need  Paint? 


Examine  your  buildings  and  see  if  they 
need  painting  now.  If  they  do,  don’t  put 
the  work  off  because  you  believe  linseed 
oil  will  drop  in  price.  There  is  no  hope 
of  it.  Besides,  the  price  of  paint  made- 
to-order  of 


“Dutch  Boy  Painter” 

White  Lead  and  pure  linseed  oil  is  lower  than 
you  may  think,  if  you  have  not  actually  figured  it. 

Get  prices  from  your  dealer  on  the  ingredients 
of  this  old-fashioned,  long-wearing,  pure  white 
lead  paint.  You  will  find  it  cheaper  than  any 
other  paint  you’d  think  of  using. 

Write  for  our  free  "Painting  Helps  No.  1608 


NATIONAL  LEAD  COMPANY 

An  office  in  each  of  the  following  cities: 

lIT  New  York  Cleveland  Chicago 

III:  St.  Louis  Boston  Buffalo 

Cincinnati  San  Francisco 
(John  T.  Lewis  &  Bros.  Co., 
Philadelphia) 

(National  Lead  and  Oil  Co.. 
Pittsburgh) 


FINE  NEW  YORK  STATE  FARM  FOR  SALE 

For  a  quick  sale'I  am  offering  my  farm  at  a  bargain. 
530  acres  seven  miles  from  heart  of  Syracuse,  N.  Y., 
outlie  Utica-Syracuse  trolley  line,  also  the  trunk 
line  of  State  road  east  and  west  through  the 
county.  Buildings  all  in  best  of  condition,  many 
of  them  new.  Price,  $30,000.00.  For  furtlior  par¬ 
ticulars  address: 

M.  CROUSE  KL0CK,  200  W.  Water  Street,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


I?OR  SALE — Two  N.  J,  Farms— 116  and  54  acres. 
A  Near  R.R,  station,  school,  etc.:  both  watered  by 
springs  and  creek.  Jos.  R.  Case,  Everittstown,  N.  J. 


I  Want  100  to  200  Acres  SSSj 

buildings  in  good  repair.  NAT.  L.  ROWE,  Union  City, Mich. 


WANTED— GENERAL  STOCK  AND  GRAIN  FARM-200  or  300 

**  acres,  in  Orange  County,  New  York.  Send 
description,  R.  It.  folder,  price  and  terms  first 
letter,  C.  D.  BARCLAY,  Jefferson,  Iowa. 


A  Pfilll  TRY  PI  ANT  having  breeding  pen  and 

m  i  uui.Mii  i  t-nil  l  necessary  equipment  to 
produce  1,500  pullets  for  Fall  laying  —  600  chicks 
already  hatched  —  wants  a  man  to  put  in  some 
capital  to  increase  business  and  take  an  active  work¬ 
ing  part  in  the  management.  Farm  within  35  miles 
of  New  York  City.  Address  Box  A.  H.  A.,  The 
Rural  New-Yorker. 


FLORIDA.  CROWING 

ORANGES, 
GRAPEFRUIT  AND 
VEGETABLES. 

Highest  prices  secured  in 
Northern  and  b  astern  Mar¬ 
kets.  Quick  transportation 
— low  freight  rates  via.  S. 
A.  L.  Ry.  Cheap  lands 
— ideal  climate — two  and 
three  crops  a  year — $500  to 
$  1 500  net  per  acre.  Peo¬ 
ple  who  locate  here  are  satis¬ 
fied.  Write  for  free  illus¬ 
trated  booklet.  Address : 
J.  W.  WHITE. 

GEN’L  INDUSTRIAL  AGENV, 

SEABOARD  AIR  LINE  RY. 
DIPT,  A  NORFOLK.  VA. 


1911. 


THE  RURAIi  NKW-YORKRR 


660 


THOSE  BARREN  QUINCE  TREES. 

I  see  J.  G.  U.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  is  ask¬ 
ing  about  what  to  do  for  a  quince  tree 
that  bears  no  fruit.  Tell  him  to  put  a 
pint  of  salt  close  around  the  tree  on 
the  top  of  ground,  then  in  a  month  cr 
so  some  again.  You  cannot  kill  a  quince 
tree  with  salt.  I  have  tried  this  for 
years  and  have  told  others.  Nor  can 
you  hurt  asparagus  with  salt ;  we  put 
the  salt  and  brine  off  fish  on  ours. 

Belmont  Co.,  O.  11.  b.  f. 

If  J.  G.  U.,  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  will 
throw  some  old  iron  under  his  quince 
trees  he  may  get  some  fruit  to  hold  on. 
I  have  two  trees  10  years  old  that,  did 
the  same  as  his ;  a  neighbor  told  me 
about  the  iron  and  I  did  it  with  good 
results  the  past  two  years.  g.-  w.  u. 

Mullica  Hill,  N.  J. 


When  Crimson  Clover  Fails. 

E.  N.  O.,  Knox,  Pa. — I  planted  two  acres 
of  corn  and  one  acre  of  potatoes  last  year 
on  fairly  good  ground ;  after  working  the 
corn  la^t  time  sowed  50  pounds  Crimson 
clover.  It  grew  to  about  seven  or  eight 
Inches  high  before  Winter  set  in.  I  had 
what  I  call  a  good  catch.  The  way  it  looks 
now  I  am  afraid  it  will  be  killed  off  before 
It  quits  freezing.  I  Intend  to  sow  Alfalfa 
on  the  whole  piece  about  the  last  of  July; 
will  sow  Canada  field  peas  on  the  potato 
ground  as  soon  as  ground  is  in  shape  to 
plow.  I  had  intended  to  plow  Crimson 
clover  and  field  peas  under  about  first  of 
July,  but  the  way  clover  looks  I  think  I 
would  better  plow  Crimson  clover  under  and 
sow  it  all  to  field  peas.  Would  you  advise? 
I  wish  to  have  the  ground  in  as  good  shape 
as  I  can  for  the  Alfalfa.  I  intend  to  put 
a  ton  or  more  of  burnt  lime  to  the  acre 
before  sowing  the  Alfalfa,  and  also  inocu¬ 
late. 

Ans. — With  us  in  north  New  Jersey 
Crimson  clover  fails  to  make  a  good 
stand  about  three  times  in  seven.  We 
have  known  it  to  reach  the  middle  of 
April  apparently  about  three-quarters 
killed  out  and  make  such  a  growth  in 
May  that  it  nearly  covered  the  ground. 
We  have  none  at  all  this  Spring,  as  last 
Summer  was  too  dry  for  seeding.  Our 
fields  are  covered  with  rye.  The  chances 
are  that  your  clover  will  fail,  though  it 
has  made  enough  growth  to  more  than 
pay  for  seed  and  labor.  We  should 
plow  it  and  sow  Canada  peas.  Put  them 
under  in  July,  put  on  the  lime  and  har¬ 
row  and  harrow  and  still  harrow  for 
the  Alfalfa. 

i  Stable  Manure  Compared  with  Fertilizer. 

W.  E.  T.,  New  Paltz ,  N.  Y. — I  am  sending 
the  formula  for  the  artificial  fertilizer  to 
be  compared  with  city  manure.  After '  de¬ 
ducting  the  28  pounds  of  nitrogen,  phos¬ 
phoric  acid  and  potash,  does  not  the  re¬ 
maining  1,972  pounds  in  the  ton  of  manure 
have  any  value?  I  had  supposed  it  helped 
largely  in  furnishing  the  much  needed 
humus,  and  also  assisted  in  retaining  the 
condition  called  friable.  Am  I  mistaken? 
In  hauling  the  manure,  does  one  draw  so 
large  a  per  cent  of  useless  matter?  Nitro¬ 
gen.  1.65  per  cent;  ammonia,  2  per  cent: 
available  phosphoric  acid,  8  per  cent  ;  total 
phosphoric  acid,  10  per  cent;  potash,  10 
per  cent. 

Ans. — A  ton  of  average  manure  will 
contain  about  1400  pounds  of  water  and 
540  pounds  of  organic  matter.  This 
latter  certainly  has  a  value,  for  it  pro¬ 
vides  needed  humus  in  the  soil.  You 
could,  of  course,  provide  this  humus 
by  plowing  under  a  crop  of  clover,  vetch 
or  rye,  or  even  a  grass  sod.  The  organic 
matter  in  the  manure  is  superior  for 
this  purpose  because  it  is  partly  de¬ 
cayed  and  also  because  it  contains  bac¬ 
teria  which  acts  to  destroy  other  forms 
of  vegetable  matter.  It  is  not  fair, 
therefore,  to  compare  manure  and 
fertilizer  on  the  single  basis  of  the  plant 
food  which  they  contain,  for  the 
fertilizer  does  not  add  any  humus.  A 
comparison  of  the  manure  and  the 

fertilizer  named  above  will  show  the 
following  in  one  ton : 

Phosphoric 

Nitrogen.  Acid.  Potash. 

Manure  .  10  6  12 

Fertilizer  .  33  160  200 

Thus  you  will  see  that  3R2  tons  of 
the  manure  will  give  you  the  nitrogen 
guaranteed  in  a  ton  of  the  fertilizer, 
while  over  36  tons  and  nearly  17  tons 
would  be  needed  to  furnish  the 
phosphoric  acid  and  potash.  Therefore, 
if  your  soil  was  specially  in  need  of 
phosphoric  acid,  it  would  not  pay  to 
depend  on  manure  alone,  as  it  would 
cost  too  much.  But  acid  phosphate  con¬ 
tains  14  per  cent,  of  available  phosphoric, 
while  muriate  of  potash  is  50  per  cent, 
potash.  If,  therefore,  you  used  five 
tons  of  manure,  900  pounds  of  acid 
phosphate  and  350  pounds  muriate  of 
potash,  you  will  have  more  plant  food 
than  is  in  a  ton  of  the  fertilizer,  be¬ 
sides  having  a  good  supply  of  organic 
matter  in  addition. 


THE  CULTURE  OF  HOLLY. 

Will  you  give  information  on  hollies 
(Ilex)  ?  Growing  of  seeds,  cultivation  of 
seedlings  and  proper  methods  of  grafting 
with  berry-bearing  scions ;  seedlings  are  only 
10  per  cent  berry  bearing.  This  is  an  ideal 
climate  for  the  holly,  and  many  of  us  are 
interested  in  the  plant.  F.  a.  d. 

Centralia,  Wash. 

The  holly  is  propagated  from  seed  and 
cuttings.  One  time,  while  standing  and 
looking  at  a  wonderful  holly  hedge,  in  Vic¬ 
toria,  I  was  accosted  by  an  elderly  English 
gardener,  who  inquired  why  I  was  so  much 
interested.  Then  I  engaged  him  in  conver¬ 
sation,  and  elicited  much  valuable  informa¬ 
tion  on  holly  growing.  lie  told  me  that 
many  of  the  old  people  of  that  city,  once 
in  the  employ  of  Britain,  had  better  cash 
incomes  from  holly  trees  on  their  lawns, 
than  ever  marked  the  payrolls  of  their  most 
prosperous  days.  Ilolly  berries  are  collected 
in  late  Autumn  or  Winter,  and  planted  in 
boxes  or  beds,  before  they  get  dry  and  hard. 
In  that  condition  they  are  easy  to  germi¬ 
nate,  and  very  few  fail  to  give  nice  young 
plants.  It  is  sometimes  customary  for 
growers  to  make  small  outdoor  boxes  or 
beds,  using  sandy  soil,  keeping  them  moist 
and  covered  with  evergreen  boughs,  or 
gunny-sacks,  until  the  plants  are  well 
started.  Seed  costs  about  10  cents  an 
ounce  or  $1  per  pound.  It  can  be  bought 
from  nurserymen  and  seed  dealers,  or  or¬ 
dered  from  those  making  a  specialty  of 
tree  and  ornamental  seeds.  Cuttings  are 
easily  put  in  the  ground,  either  in  boxes  or 
beds  in  the  garden.  They  form  roots  about 
the  same  as  similar  plants,  and  are  ready 
for  transplanting  after  the  first  year/  The 
selling  value  of  a  plant  is  determined  by  the 
foot  measure.  Those  reaching  one  foot  or 
less  are  sold  for  $1  or  less,  in  proportion  to 
size,  riants  up  to  four  feet  in  height,  are 
sold  at  $1  a  foot.  After  the  four-foot  size 
had  been  attained  the  plants  are  worth 
much  more,  because  the  branches  can  be  cut 
and  marketed.  One  feature  about  the  holly 
tree  is  its  tendency  to  thrive  on  poor  soil.  I 
have  noticed  apparently  strong  and  vigorous 
growing  trees  stand  on  rocky,  gravelly  and 
worthless  soils,  defying  the  surrounding 
warped  and  knotty  specimens  of  deciduous 
fruits,  striving  to  exist  under  such  unfavor¬ 
able  conditions.  The  holly  does  not  suf¬ 
fer  from  having  its  branches  trimmed ;  on 
the  contrary  that  seems  to  be  a  benefit, 
and  the  cuttings  are  worth  from  25  to  60 
cents  a  pound  at  the  florists.  Hollies  pay 
in  proportion  to  the  number  of  red  berries 
on  the  cut  branches,  and  the  shade,  of  green 
in  the  leaves.  Berry-bearing  trees  can  be 
obtained  by  grafting,  which  is  the  same  as 
for  any  similar  trees,  and  the  color  in  the 
foliage  varies  with  surroundings.  For  in¬ 
stance  the  hollies  grown  in  a  city  or  near 
manufacturing  plants,  do  not  have  that 
bright  green  in  the  leaves,  because  of  col¬ 
lecting  dust,  coal  smoke  and  blackness  from 
the  atmosphere.  They  should  be  away  from 
dust  and  smoke.  The  holly  is  sometimes 
advertised  as  a  wonderful  plant  for  the  far¬ 
mer  to  grow,  to  bring  immense  riches  in  a 
short  time.  It  Is  called  Ilex  and  presented 
to  the  prospective  buyer  as  a  genuine  get- 
rich-quick  scheme.  The  advertisers  certain¬ 
ly  have  no  object  except  selling  of  inferior 
seed  of  doubtful  origin  for  high  prices, 
for  the  holly  is  not  a  farm  crop,  to  be 
grown  as  corn  or  potatoes.  It  is  a  tree, 
requiring  proper  attention  in  propagation 
and  pruning,  and  its  value  depends  on  the 
demand  for  more  trees  and  prices  offered 
for  holiday  decorations. 

Washington.  joel  shomaker. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

A  WIDOW’S  LUCK. 

Quit  tlie  Tiling:  That  Was  Slowly  In¬ 
juring  Her. 

A  woman  tells  how  coffee  kept  her 
from  insuring  her  life: 

“I  suffered  for  many  years  chiefly 
from  trouble  with  my  heart,  with  severe 
nervous  headaches  and  neuralgia ;  but 
although  incapacitated  at  times  for  my 
housework,  I  did  not  realize  the  gravity 
of  my  condition  till  I  was  rejected  foi 
life  insurance,  because,  the  examining 
physician  said,  my  heart  was  so  bad  he 
could  not  pass  me. 

“This  distressed  me  very  much,  as  1 
was  a  widow  and  had  a  child  dependent 
upon  me.  It  was  to  protect  her  future 
that  I  wanted  to  insure  my  life. 

“Fortunately  for  me,  I  happened  to 
read  an  advertisement  containing  a  tes¬ 
timonial  from  a  man  who  had  been  af¬ 
fected  in  the  same  way  that  I  was  with 
heart  trouble,  and  who  was  benefited  by 
leaving  off  coffee  and  using  Postum.  I 
grasped  at  the  hope  this  held  out,  and 
made  the  change  at  once. 

“My  health  began  to  improve  imme¬ 
diately.  The  headaches  and  neuralgia 
disappeared,  I  gained  in  flesh,  and  my 
appetite  came  back  to  me.  Greatest  of 
all,  my  heart  was  strengthened  from  the 
beginning,  and  soon  all  the  distressing 
symptoms  passed  away.  No  more  wak¬ 
ing  up  in  the  night  with  my  heart  trying 
to  fly  out  of  my  mouth ! 

"Then  I  again  made  application  for 
life  insurance,  and  had  no  trouble  in 
passing  the  medical  examination. 

“It  was  seven  years  ago  that  I  began 
to  use  Postum  and  I  am  using  it  still, 
and  shall  continue  to  do  so,  as  I  find  it 
a  guarantee  of  good  health."  Name  given 
by  Postum  Company,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

“There’s  a  reason." 

Read  the  big  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs. 

Ever  read  the  above  letter?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


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56© 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


May  6, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 

Schools. — In  writing  of  life  in  Florida 
I  spoke  of  the  lack  of  white  school  chil¬ 
dren.  At  the  place  where  our  folks  win¬ 
tered  there  were  not  enough  white  young- 
f  ters  to  maintain  a  public  school.  The 
house  has  been  abandoned.  Our  people 
opened  a  school  and  maintained  it  through 
the  Winter.  The  pictures  on  page  559 
show  the  school  population  at  this  place. 
There  are  two  or  three  other  white  chil¬ 
dren,  but  this  is  a  fair  picture  of  the  young 
crop.  There  were  several  other  colored 
children  not  shown  in  the  picture.  The 
colored  teacher  was  an  intelligent  woman 
who  evidently  gave  her  children  a  fair 
drill  in  the  rudiments.  It  is  to  me  a 
strange  thought  that  in  this  far  Southern 
State  colored  children  receive  a  fair  public 
education,  while  the  whites  are  denied  this 
and  must  pay  for  what  their  children  re¬ 
ceive.  As  I  have  frequently  stated,  our 
own  children  have  been  educated  at  home. 
There  has  always  been  a  large  group  of 
children  here — large  enough  for  a  little 
school.  Mother  is  an  old  school  teacher 
and  has  supervised  the  education  of  our 
young  folks  from  the  first.  I  pay  my 
school  taxes  with  more  or  less  cheerfulness, 
but  I  am  glad  the  children  have  escaped 
some  of  the  fads  and  experiments  which 
people  tell  me  are  practiced  on  their  chil¬ 
dren.  I  would  rather  not  have  a  child 
used  as  an  experiment  station  to  test  the¬ 
ories  of  education. 

The  Cow. — When  our  folks  went  South 
last  Fall  I  sold  the  last  of  our  cattle. 
When  the  family  returned  there  was  a 
great  cry  for  milk.  Remembering  my  ex¬ 
perience  with  the  Florida  cow  I  went  to 
the  most  reliable  place  I  could  think  of 
and  got  a  good  one.  She  is  tuberculin 
tested,  gentle  and  kind — all  that  a  family 
cow  ought  to  be.  No.  I  did  not  lead  her 
home  in  the  dark — this  one  was  brought  in 
a  big,  low-down  wagon.  She  is  a  high- 
grade  Guernsey.  No.  I  will  not  match 
her  against  Missy  of  the  Glen  to  give  nine 
per  cent  milk,  but  you  can  come  and  milk 
her  and  test  the  milk  any  time  you  doubt 
her  record.  She  reached  the  farm  April 
10  and  started  that  night  with  10  pounds 
of  milk.  In  the  first  week  she  gave  158 
pounds.  It  will  test  I  think  something 
over  4%  per  cent  fat.  We  expect  to  push 
her  yield  up  considerably  above  what  she 
started  with,  and  I  feel  like  comparing  her 
income  with  some  of  those  hen  records.  At 
any  rate,  we  shall  keep  a  year’s  record  of 
her  milk.  Now  it  comes  to  figuring  values. 
Before  we  got  this  cow  we  bought  milk  for 
a  few  days,  paying  eight  cents  a  quart  or 
four  cents  per  pound.  That  is  wbat  we 
should  have  to  pay  if  we  continued  buying. 
Now  25  pounds  a  day  at  four  cents  is 
$1.00.  You  can’t  get  away  from  that. 
With  16  people — five  of  them  young  chil¬ 
dren,  all  fond  of  milk — there  will  be 
scarcely  a  drop  left  out  of  25  pounds ! 
Nothing  could  be  better  for  these  little  ones 
than  this  clean,  rich  and  pure  milk.  IIow 
they  do  enjoy  it  with  oatmeal  and  wheat ! 
My  cow  is  earning  a  dollar  a  day  for  me 
right  now.  I  could  not  supply  such  milk 
for  less  than  that,  nor  do  I  think  we  could 
get  the  food  equivalent  for  the  children  for 
less  money.  Am  I  not  therefore  justified  in 
crediting  this  cow’s  milk  at  four  cents  a 
pound?  If  not  will  some  one  tell  me  why? 
What  would  they  have  me  do — weigh  the 
children  and  charge  up  a  fair  price  for  each 
pound  gained?  I  know  there  are  men  back 
among  the  hills  making  just  as  good  milk  as 
this  at  one  cent  or  less  per  pound.  It  is 
a  shame  and  disgrace  to  society  that  this 
is  so,  yet,  should  I  credit  my  cow  with 
their  wholesale  price  when  I  am  obliged  to 
buy  at  retail?  I  shall  try  to  match  those 
hens,  and  I  want  a  fair  discussion  of  the 
question  of  price. 

Farm  Work. — I  am  sorry  to  say  it,  but 
the  week  has  not  been  great  with  accom¬ 
plishment.  The  weather  is  still  wet  and 
cold,  and  it  is  impossible  to  work  the  land 
properly.  We  spread  the  seed  oats  on  the 
barn  floor,  wet  them  with  a  solution  of 
formalin  and  thus  cured  the  smut,  but  it 
was  impossible  to  sow  them.  The  ground 
would  have  packed  around  them  like  a 
brick  if  we  had  worked  it.  We  did  get 
some  Alaska  and  Nott’s  Excelsior  peas  in, 
but  they  are  not  sprouting.  We  can  plow 
around  the  trees,  pick  up  stones,  spread 
fertilizer  and  plant  strawberries — and  that 
is  about  the  limit.  I  have  told  about  those 
potted  strawberry  plants  that  were  left 
out  all  Winter.  We  put  out  some  600  of 
them,  and  they  seem  likely  to  do  well. 
Next  week  I  will  show  one  of  them — it  is 
a  new  thing  to  me.  The  stakes  are  all  set 
for  the  trees — which  are  expected  every 
day.  By  April  25  not  a  tint  of  pink  was 
to  be  seen  on  the  peach  buds.  Last  year 
at  this  date  they  were  fully  in  flower.  This 
delay  suits  us  exactly.  Our  older  trees 
are  loaded  with  buds,  and  if  they  can  be 
held  back  a  little  longer  we  shall  feel  quite 
sure  of  our  crop.  This  bad  weather  has 
enabled  us  to  dispose  of  the  coal  ashes 
and  hen  manure.  Both  wont  around  the 
trees.  Some  of  the  manure  was  a  little 
damp  and  chunky.  We  drove  by  the  tree, 


dug  several  holes  with  spade  or  hoe,  scat¬ 
tered  in  a  quantity  of  manure  and  covered 
up.  Then  the  coal  ashes  were  scattered 

around  the  tree  in  a  wide  circle.  They 
make  a  good  mulch  and  kill  out  weeds  and 
grass.  Where  you  are  crowding  things 
with,  fruit  and  garden  it  is  a  good  plan  t» 
put  all  weeds  in  baskets,  dump  around  the 
trees  and  put  coal  ashes  on  top.  The 

weeds  decay  without  growing  or  seeding 
and  the  ashes  hold  them  down.  While 

there  is  practically  no  plant  food  in  coal 
ashes  I  would  save  every  pound  to  put 

around  the  trees.  .  .  The  Hope  Farm 

family  slowly  settled  into  steady  habits, 
and  they  are  now  running  smoothly.  When 
folks  come  from  the  South  they  bring  the 
chicken-eating  habit,  and  young  and  old 
cast  expectant  eyes  at  our  young  Brahma 
roosters.  These  great  birds  were  unsold, 
and  were  about  as  useless  as  any  farm 
citizen  could  be.  So  they  were  doomed  to 
slaughter.  Another  useless  citizen  was  a 
Plymouth  Bock  rooster  caught  eating  eggs. 
This  Rock  and  one  of  the  Brahmas  turned 
up  brown  and  steaming  for  Sunday  dinner. 
They  filled  the  oven  and  filled  the  family. 
The  Brahma  outweighed  the  Rock,  and 
beat  him  out  of  sight  for  roasting  quality. 
He  ran  a  small  turkey  a  close  race  for 
size  and  quality.  I  know  how  people  smile 
when  yon  talk  about  Light  Brahmas,  but 
one  thing  is  sure,  when  you  kill  one  you 
have  something  to  eat.  I  think  I  could 
have  converted  the  most  confirmed  Leghorn 
or  “Red"  crank  that  day  with  a  slice  of 
white  meat.  Our  folks  were  already  con¬ 
verted — they  gnawed  the  bones. 

h.  w.  C. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal."  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


SAVED  THE  HOME. 


Glory  to  God  Joy  the  Rural  New-Yorker. 

That  is  the  way  one  of  our  readers  ends 
his  letter.  The  reason  for  this  fervent 
ejaculation  is  found  in  the  following : 

“Every  adult  should  take  The  R.  N.-Y., 
for  I  am  positive  I  saved  my  home  here, 
which  is  worth  not  less  than  $3750,  for  I 
came  very  near  selling  my  farm  to  settle  in 
Florida,  but  those  letters  of  the  Hope  Farm 
man  stirred  me  to  contentment  and  to  stay 
where  I  am  with  my  aged  and  good  wife, 
myself  being  an  old  soldier  70  years  of  age. 
From  the  letters  I  had  received  from  Flor¬ 
ida,  the  places  I  need  not  mention,  made  me 
just  wild  to  sell  out  and  go  for  a  Florida 
home,  but  am  completely  satisfied  to  remain 
at  home  as  the  result  of  those  letters.” 

c.  f.  w. 

I  can  put  myself  right  in  that  man’s 
place.  One  of  those  land  sharks  got  after 
him  and  pictured  Florida  in  glowing  terms. 
I  have  heard  them  tell  it.  They  have  the 
State  a  new  and  gilt-edged  edition  of  Para¬ 
dise,  where  old  men  recover  their  strength 
and  young  men  become  giants.  Just  enough 
of  what  they  say  is  true  so  that  you  cannot 
prove  them  total  liars.  They  multiply  pos¬ 
sibilities  by  100  and  make  them  seem  like 
facts.  I  know  just  how  this  plausible  guff 
sounded  to  our  friend  of  70  years.  Why, 
these  wTord  songbirds  could  call  a  man  away 
from  his  home  and  send  him  chasing  after 
the  air  spirits  like  the  characters  in  Shakes¬ 
peare’s  “Tempest.”  Going  to  Florida  with 
such  hopes  as  these  fellows  were  putting  at 
him  would  have  ruined  this  man.  He  would 
have  lost  his  home  and  found  himself 
stranded  in  a  strange  place,  loaded  up  with 
useless  property  and  unable  to  make  his 
land  available  or  profitable.  We  have  tried 
to  tell  the  truth  about  one  part  of  Florida 
at  least.  As  a  Winter  home  the  State  offers 
real  attractions.  In  some  parts  of  it  a  man 
with  good  judgment  and  fair  capital  can 
make  a  living.  There  you  have  pretty  much 
all  there  is  to  it  for  the  average  immigrant. 
He  who  is  led  to  expect  more  is  doomed  to 
bitter  disappointment.  The  wicked  schemes 
which  the  land  boomers  work  to  attract 
suckers  ought  to  be  stopped  by  the  govern¬ 
ment.  The  papers  which  share  the  graft  by 
advertising  these  fakes  and  endorsing  them 
are  partners  in  the  crime  of  drawing  people 
away  from  homes  and  leading  them  to  dis¬ 
appointment.  We  are  glad  that  The  R. 
N.-Y'.  can  help  a  little  by  giving  the  facts. 


Florida’s  Water  Power. 

I  have  read  “Florida  Notes”  with  much 
interest  and  agree  with  most  of  it  heartily, 
but  in  No.  4  you  state  that  no  river  in 
Florida  will  provide  water  power.  On  the 
Withlacoochee  River  a  million-dollar  power 
plant  has  just  been  opened  to  furnish  about 
8,000  horse  power.  There  was  a  fall  of  18 
to  20  feet.  There  is  also  a  plant  on  the 
Hillsboro  River  furnishing  power  for  Tampa. 
There  are  a  number  of  rivers  in  the  State 
that  will  furnish  power,  but  the  trouble  is 
mostly  that  banks  are  low  and  much  land 
flooded  in  making  a  dam.  This  is  my  first 
Winter  in  Florida  since  the  freeze  in  1895. 
I  was  here  through  the  days  of  “yellow 
fever”  but  never  could  see  any  safety  in  the 
gamble  on  oranges.  Alachua  County  is 
raising  the  staples  and  the  people  are  get¬ 
ting  wise  as  well  as  rich.  They  send  solid 
trainloads  of  cucumbers,  cabbages,  etc., 
North,  as  well  as  raising  much  cotton 
(Sea  Island).  f.  l.  small. 


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MEAD  CYCLE  CO.  Dept.ftSO,  CHICAGO,  ILL- 


1911. 


THE  R  UR. -A.  I*  NEW-YORKBS 


567 


Ruralisms 

CORN. 

What  is  the  difference  between  “flint,” 
“dent,”  “sweet,”  or  “pop”  corn? 

Maize  or  Indian  corn,  known  botani- 
cally  as  Zea  Mays,  is  one  of  the  most 
variable  of  all  cultivated  plants.  Though 
not  known  in  the  wild  state,  the  natural 
habitat  is  supposed  to  be  Southern 
Mexico,  from  whence  it  has  spread 
through  ages  of  cultivation  to  all  tem¬ 
perate  and  tropical  countries  of  the  earth. 
In  the  Western  Continent  it  is  by  far 
the  most  important  of  all  grains,  and  its 
culture  is  steadily  gaining  throughout  the 
Old  World  and  Australasia,  wherever 
conditions  are  at  all  adapted  for  its 
growth.  The  number  of  varieties  is  in¬ 
finite,  having  been  developed  for  a  great 
range  of  local  conditions,  but  those  of 
interest  to  American  growers  fall  natur¬ 
ally  in  the  following  classes: 

1.  Feint  Corns — Zea  Mays  var.  indura- 
ta. — Generally  quick  growing;  adapted  to 
culture  near  the  Northern  limits  of  the 
genus;  kernels  with  a  hard  or  horny 
endosperm,  almost  entirely  enveloping 
the  central  starchy  portion.  Does  not 
shrink  or  dent  on  drying.  Colors  of  ker¬ 
nel  white,  yellow  and  red,  blue  or  varie¬ 
gated.  Somewhat  dwarf  in  habit. 

2.  Dent  Corns — Z.  Mays.  var.  inden- 
tata. — Generally  strong-growing  varieties 
requiring  greater  warmth  and  a  longer 
season  than  the  flints.  Corneous  or 
horny  portion  of  the  endosperm  extends 
along  the  sides  of  the  grains,  while  the 
starchy  portion  fills  the  center  and  ex¬ 
tends  to  the  summit.  In  drying  this 
floury  portion  shrinks  more  than  the 
horny  parts,  causing  a  dent  at  the  sum-, 
mit.  Color  of  kernels  chiefly  white  or 
yellow  but  red  and  blue  varieties  exist. 

3.  Soft  Corns — Z.  Mays.  var.  amyla- 
acea. — Kernals  without  horny  endosperm 
shrinking  quite  uniformly  all  over. 
Mostly  very  light  in  color.  Need  a  long, 
warm  season  and  in  general  are  only 
adapted  for  Southern  culture.  Indian 
corns  and  varieties  largely  cultivated  in 
Mexico  and  South  America  are  of  this 
type,  which  is  of  little  importance  in  the 
North.  Brazilian  flour  corn  is  a  fa¬ 
miliar  example. 

4.  Sweet  Sugar  Corn — Z.  Mays  var. 
saccharata. — Kernels  almost  wholly  of 
dense  translucent  horny  endosperm, 
containing  some  sugar  and  shrinking 
irregularly  on  drying.  Sweet  corn  grains 
present  a  characteristic  crinkled  or 
shrivelled  appearance  when  cured.  Our 
well-known  sugar  corns  for  culinary 
use  in  the  green  or  immature  state  are 
of  this  class. 

5.  Pop  Corn — Z.  Mays  var.  everta. — 

Mostly  dwarf-growing  small-kerneled 
varieties,  having  an  excessive  amount 
of  horny  endosperm  enclosing  the  softer 
starchy  portion  inside.  When  strongly 
heated  they  pop,  producing  a  complete 
eversion  or  turning  inside  out,  caused 
by  the  explosion  of  the  contained  mois¬ 
ture.  “Endosperm”  almost  literally 
means  “inside  of  a  seed”  and  is  merely 
a  handy  term  for  the  nourishing  ma¬ 
terial  stored  up  for  the  use  of  the  germ 
when  it  begins  to  grow — the  “albumen” 
of  the  older  botanical  writers.  In  the 
maize  kernel  this  consists  of  starch  and 
oil — the  carbohydrates — and  the  proteids 
or  nitrogenous  materials  together  with 
some  crude  fibre  and  extractive  mat¬ 
ters.  The  carbohydrates  greatly  pre¬ 
dominate,  the  average  of  many  analyses 
being  72.50  per  cent  for  dent  corns  and 
72.20  for  flint  varieties.  The  album¬ 
inoids  or  proteids  average  9.65  for  dent 
and  10.25  in  the  flint  kinds.  Both  con¬ 
tain  about  11  per  cent  of  moisture  at 
average  temperatures.  Analyses  of  soft, 
sweet  and  pop  corns  vary  very  slightly 
from  the  above.  Indeed  maize  of  all 
cereals  is  the  least  variable  in  chemi¬ 
cal  composition,  notwithstanding  the 
wide  divergence  in  appearance  of  ker¬ 
nels  of  different  strains  and  varieties. 
This  uniformity  of  composition  is  re¬ 
markable  when  the  exceedingly  diverse 
conditions  of  climate  and  culture  it  ex¬ 
periences  in  different  localities  is  taken 
into  account.  As  a  rule  the  dent  va¬ 
rieties  are  considered  more  easily  mas¬ 
ticated  and  therefore  more  digestible 
than  the  harder  flint  kinds,  but  there 
the  advantage  ends.  v. 


[Shrubs  Propagated  From  Cuttings. 

A.  U.  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y. — 1.  Can 
Spiraea  (bridal  wreath),  Hydrangeas,  etc., 
be  grown  from  cuttings  the  same  as  cur¬ 
rants?  2.  Can  currant  slips  be  taken  from 
the  bushes  and  started  in  the  Spring  as 
well  as  in  the  Fall? 

Ans.  1.  The  bridal  wreath,  Spiraea 
prunifolia,  can  be  grown  very  easily  from 
layers  put  down  in  the  Spring.  It  is 
also  grown  from  green  cuttings,  made 
in  Summer,  and  handled  in  frames  or 
under  a  bell  glass.  The  hardy  Hydran¬ 
geas  can  be  propagated  from  green  cut¬ 
tings  taken  in  June  and  grown  under 
grass.  This  also  can  be  propagated  by 
layers  of  ripened  wood,  but  the  cuttings 
are  the  more  certain. 

2.  Currant  cuttings  can  be  taken  in 
Spring,  while  entirely  dormant,  and 
planted  directly  in  the  ground,  setting 
them  quite  deep,  but  it  is  generally  con¬ 
sidered  that  results  are  better  when  the 
cuttings  are  taken  in  the  Fall. 

Treatment  of  Calla. 

H.  B.  C.,  Somers ,  Conn. — Will  you  give 
me  information  in  regard  to  the  calla? 
What  treatment  should  they  receive?  Do 
they  like  lots  of  water,  and  also  should  the 
bulbs  be  set  away  in  a  dark  place  to  start 
them?  How  should  the  calla  be  treated 
during  the  Summer?  What  kind  of  ferti¬ 
lizer  do  they  do  best  on? 

Ans. — The  calla  lily,  or  arum  lily,  as 
it  is  generally  called  abroad,  Richardia 
Africana,  requires  a  season  of  complete 
rest  during  the  Summer.  The  plants 
will  grow  through  the  entire  year  if  per¬ 
mitted,  making  rank  growth  and  few  or 
no  flowers,  but  this  is  very  undesirable. 
In  Spring,  after  flowering  is  over, 
gradually  withhold  water  until  the  leaves 
begin  to  turn  yellow;  then  lay  the  pots 
on  their  side  in  some  sheltered  but  not 
necessarily  dark  place,  and  leave  them 
there  until  September.  There  is  often  a 
place  under  a  porch  where  the  pots  may 
be  laid  undisturbed.  The  leaves  die 
down  entirely.  In  September  shake  the 
roots  out  of  the  dry  soil,  repot  in  rich 
loam,  with  plenty  of  root  room,  and  set 
in  a  light  place — if  the  weather  is  warm 
they  may  stay  on  the  porch  for  a  time, 
but  if  the  temperature  falls  below  55° 
at  night  they  are  better  indoors.  Water 
carefully  at  first  until  they  begin  to 
make  growth ;  when  they  are  growing 
actively  they  will  enjoy  liquid  fertilizer, 
being  gross  feeders.  Either  cow  or 
horse  manure  may  be  used  for  fertilizer. 
They  must  never  be  allowed  to  dry  out, 
while  in  active  growth,  swamps  being 
their  native  home;  they  are  not  really 
lilies,  but  aroids,  like  our  wild  jack-in- 
the-pulpit.  Under  this  system  we  have 
found  them  very  desirable  house  plants; 
their  necessities  are  Summer  rest, 
abundant  food,  water  and  root  room, 
light  and  warmth. 

Black  Spot  and  Mildew  on  Roses. 

A.  B.  C.,  Summit  Bridc/c,  Del. — 1.  Will 
you  toll  me  what  I  can  use  on  rose  bushes 
to  cure  or  to  prevent  the  “dark  spot?”  If 
you  can  give  a  preventive  will  you  state 
how  often  it  should  bo  used  and  whether  it 
injures  the  buds  or  (lowers  if  used  when 
plants  are  about  to  bloom?  2.  Is  sulphur 
the  best  known  preventive  of  mildew,  and 
how  often  should  it  be  used? 

Ans. — 1.  Some  roses  are  naturally  sub¬ 
ject  to  black  spot  and  mildew  as  the 
result  of  constitutional  weakness  or  sus¬ 
ceptibility.  American  Beauty  (Mme. 
Ferdinand  Jamin)  is  greatly  troubled 
in  this  way,  and  we  have  given  it  up  as 
a  garden  rose  in  our  locality  as  a  result, 
though  we  have  seen  it  doing  well  in 
other  places.  Pick  off  and  burn  any 
affected  leaves,  and  do  not  let  any  dead 
leaves  lie  on  the  ground.  Spray  with 
Bordeaux  mixture  or  ammoniacal  car¬ 
bonate  of  copper  before  the  leaves  un¬ 
fold.  The  copper  carbonate  solution  is 
made  by  dissolving  one  ounce  of  copper 
carbonate  in  ammonia,  one  pint  to  one 
quart,  according  to  amount  needed  for 
dissolving  it.  Dilute  this  quantity  with 
nine  gallons  of  water  when  wanted.  The 
concentrate  may  be  kept  until  needed  in 
tightly-corked  bottles.  Do  not  use  this 
when  plants  are  in  full  growth. 

2.  Mildew  usually  results  from  sudden 
changes  in  temperature  or  from  pro¬ 
longed  damp  and  cloudy  weather,  but 
some  roses  are  extremely  subject  to  at¬ 
tack,  and  we  would  prefer  not  to  plant 
them,  as  the  disease  spreads  from  them 
to  others.  The  lovely  Baroness  Roths¬ 
child  mildews  very  badly  with  us ;  so 
does  the  old  La  France,  and  some  years 
Kaiserin  Augusta  Victoria  is  greatly  dis¬ 
figured  by  it.  The  best  remedy  is 
powdered  sulphur  dusted  on  while  the 
foliage  is  wet  with  dew,  so  it  will  stick; 
renew  the  treatment  when  the  sulphur 
disappears  if  the  disease  is  still  apparent. 


Lay  Your  Own  Roofing 


BUT  lay  the  roofing  that  will 
save  you  not  only  in  cost  of 
laying  but  also  in  cost  of  repairs. 
A  Ready  Roofing  made  by  the 
originators  of  the  ready  roofing 
idea. 


Paroid  Roofing 


is  in  use  from  one  end  of  the 
country  to  the  other.  It  with¬ 
stands  all  climates  and  gives  long 
lasting  service.  A  safeguard 
against  fire,  a  sure  way  to  avoid 
repair  bills. 

There  are  different  NEponseT  Roofings 
for  different  types  of  buildings.  NEpdnseT 
Paroid  Roofing  is  particularly  adapted  to 
barns,  stables,  poultry  buildings,  etc. 
NEponseT  Proslate  Roofing  makes  an 
attractive  roofing  for  your  residence— a 
protection  against  fire. 

Write  for  Book  of  Plans  of  Farm 
and  Poultry  Buildings 

F.  W.  BIRD  &  SON,  Est.  2795 

Originators  of  Complete  Ready  Roofings 
and  Waterproof  building  Papers 
131  Neponset  Street  East  Walpole,  Mate, 

New  York  Chicago  Washington  Portland,  Ore.  San  Francisco 
Canadian  Mills  and  OfficeB  : 

Hamilton,  Ont.,  Winnipeg,  Montreal,  St.  John 


BETTER  SAFE  THAN  SORRY 

Potatoes,  tomatoes,  encumbers,  cantaloupe, 
small  fruits,  orchards,  caD  be  sprayed,  at 
slight;  comparative  cost  for  protection  against 
blight,  bugs,  scale,  etc.,  with  an  “IKON  AGE’’ 

8FRAYEB.  Also,  actually  increases  the 
yield.  The  machine  is  adjustable  to  various 
width  rows  —  solution  thoroughly  mixed— 
delivered  in  a  fine  spray  that  covers  the  plant 
—single  or  double  acting  pumps — three,  four,  six  or  seven 
rows — one  or  two  horses — 55  or  100  gallon  steel  or  wood 
tanks.  Has  orchard  attachment  and  many  others. 


mum  Farm  and.  Garden  Tools 

ore  practical,  effective,  economical 
They  givo  permanent  satisfac¬ 
tion.  We  have  been  making  .  - 
the  dependable  kind  for  75  ,•  'jV, 
years.  Formulas  for  /.'A-V 
solutions  furnished  on  ^ 
application.  Write  for  »$SpV 

our 'free  Anniversary  'E'’’:/ 

Catalog  showing  pota- 

to  machinery,  horso  hoes,  cultivators  and completo  line  T" 
of  garden  drills,  wheel  hoes,  orchard  tools,  etc. 

BATEMAN  M’F’G  CO.  Box  1029  Grenloch,  N.  J.  I 


Low-Down  Steel  Wheel  Wagons 

Are  fast  replacing  the  high  farm  wagons  for 
general  farm  work.  The  reason  is  plain.  The 
Low-Down  wagon  makes  easier  work  for  the 
man  and  no  harder  for  the  team.  One  man 
can  do  most  of  his  farm  work  alone  with  the 
Low-Down  wagon.  Get  our  free  catalogue. 
HAVANA  METAL  WHEEL  CO..  BOX  17  HAVANA,  ILL. 


YOUNG  MEN  WANTED  to  learn 
VETERINARY  profession.  Catalogue 
free.  Grand  Rapids  Veterinary 
College,  Dep.15,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


POTATO 

.SPRAYERS 


233  BusheSs 
more  per  acre  by 
Spraying 

That  is  what _ 

New  York  Exper. 
iment  Stati 
reports  as  a 
year  average^ 

Gain  by  Spray  r  • 
ing  potatoes. 

Don’t  let 
blight,  scab, 
rot,  and 

bugs  CUt  - - 

your  cron  In  half— but  get  a  HURST  Sprayer  and 
make  all  the  Money  you  are  really  entitled  to  for 
your  work  ont  of  your  Potatoes  or  fruit.  Spray 
first,  then  if  youbny,  Pay  Us  out  of  the  "Extra  Pro- 
fit.”  These  sprayers  Spray  Anything,  potatoes, 
orchards,  vineyards,  truck  (4  to  6  rows  at  a  time). 
“Man-power  and  horse-power.”  Powerful  pres¬ 
sure.  Easy  on  man  and  horse.  Strong  and 
durable.  Brass  valyes,  plunger,  strainer,  eto. 
Guaranteed  for  5  Years. 

Shipped  on  Free  Trial 

without  a  cent  in  advance.  No  bank  deposit. 

no  strings”  to  our  trial  offer.  Wholesale  prices. 
We  pay  Freight. 

W  rite  ns  a  letter  or  card 
and  tell  us  which  mach¬ 
ine  you  are  interested 
in,  and  you’ll  get  free  our 
valuable  Spraying  Guide 
—Catalog— and  out-spec¬ 
ial  Iree  Offer  to  first  in 
each  locality  this  season 
Be  llrst  to  write  ns. 

H.  L.  HURST  MFG.  CO. 
28<  NORTH  IT..  CANTON,  OHIO 


JUG- 

t  in 
ion.  n 

«... 

IHIO  E 


S  PR  A  Y  LUlU/l  **,e  N.Y  .State  Fruit  Growers’  Ass’n 
arilHI  IX  WILD  PAY  YOU  TO  USE  EITHER. 

FOR  ALL  LEAF  EATING  INSECTS 
RESPONSIBLE  DISTRIBUTERS  *ho AGENTS  WANTED 

KEY  BRAND 


RIGHT  PRICE  and  MATERIAL 

FUNGICIDE  andINSECTICIDE 

-  — >  IISF  , 


INTERSTATE  CHEMICAL  CO. 

lCBAYVIEW  AVE..JERSEY  CITY,  N.J. 
WRITE  FOR  PRICES, CIRCULARS  ETC.  CORRESPONDENCE  SOLICITED! 


SPRAY 


fruits  and  . 

FIELD  CROPS  ' 

and  do  whitewashing  in  most  effectual,  economical, 
rapid  waj.  Batiifaotion  guaranteed.  BROWN’S 

;  power*1*  Auto-Sprays 

1  No.  1,  shown  here.  Is  fitted  with  Auto- 1* op  Nratlo— 

I  WOt.V"  ordinary  sprmyers.  Endora.d  by  El- 
I  perlment  Stations  and  300,000  othors.  40  stylos  and 
t  f„?8  °‘  h*nd  »"d  P«»«  sprayers— also  prices 
1  “  valuable  spraying  guide  in  our  Frso  Book. 

Writ©  postal  now. 

THE  E.  C.  BROWN  COMPANY 

-  2  8  Jay  at,  Kochoster,  N.  X. 


Save  Money  on 
Berry  Boxes  and 
Baskets 

Fruit  and  Vege¬ 
table  Packages 
and  Growers’  Supplies  of  all  kinds. 

NVrite  for  free  money-saving  catalogue 
and  price-list. 

Largest  F aetory|of  its  Kind  in  the  Country. 

UEW  ALBANY  BOX  AND  BASKET  CO., Box  1 11.  New  Albany, Ind. 


cost  of  buildings  and  recent  improvements.  Loca- 
Dun:  Chester  County,  Penna.;  convenient  to  Phila¬ 
delphia.  Situation  ideal.  No  further  expenditure 
b0.0!.?,'*;,,,!.01'  tl,ll  particulars  address:  JOHN  P. 
SAUirER,  Manager,  Chester  Springs,  Penna. 

44  Bushels  to  the  Acre 

is  a  henvy  yield,  but  that’s  what  John  Kennedy  of 

H  .  /  i  TYT  r  \  n  t  /“\  W  A  1  L  n  n  f  1 ..  — —  — .  .  T  —  . .  i.  C _  _ 


firovince  showed  other  excol- 
ont  results— such  as  4,000  bush¬ 
els  of  wheat  from  120  acres,  or 
33M  bushels  per  acre.  26,  30  and 
40  bushel  yields  were  numerous. 
As  high  as  132  bushels  of  oats  to 
the  acre  were  threshed  Irom 
Alberta  fields. 

THE  SILVER  CUP 

at  tho  recent  Spokane  Fair  was 
awarded  to  the  Alberta  Government 
for  its  exhibit  of  grains,  grasses  and  vege¬ 
tables,  Reports  of  excellent  yields  for  1910 
come  also  from  Saskatchewan  and  Manitoba 
in  Western  Canada. 

Free  Homesteads  of  160  acres, 
and  adjoining  pre-emptions  of  160 
acres  (at$3  per  acre), are  to  be  had 
In  the  choicest  districts. 

Schools  convenient,  climate  ex¬ 
cellent,  soil  of  tho  very  best,  rall- 
wayscloseathand.bulldlnglumber 
cheap,  fuel  easy  to  get  and  reason¬ 
able  In  price,  water  easily  procured, 
mixed  farming  a  success. 

Writ©  as  to  host  place  for  settlement,  set¬ 
tlers’ low  railway  rates,  pamphlet  ‘‘Last  Best 
West”  and  other  information,  to  Snpt.  of  Im- 
mig.,  Ottawa,  Can.,  ortoCan.  Gov’tAgt.  (54) 

Supt.  of  Immigration,  Ottawa,  Canada,  or 
Canadian  Government  Agent,  30  Syracuso 
Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Syracuso,  N.  Y. 


Look  at  the  II.  P. 
Spramotor  spraying  an  acre 
of  potatoes  in  fifteen  min¬ 
utes.  There  are  three  noz¬ 
zles  to  a  row  and  four  rows, 
two  spraying  from  the  sides 
and  one  from  the  top.  Ad¬ 
justable  as  to  height  and 
width  up  to  40-inch  rows. 
Absolutely  non-clogging  noz¬ 
zles.  12-gallon  air  tank,  au¬ 
tomatic  and  hand  controlled. 
125  lbs.  pressure  guaranteed 
with  12  nozzles  open.  Has 
agitator  clean-out  pressure 
relief  into  tank,  and  nozzle 
protector,  all  under  control 
of  driver  from  seat.  For  one 
or  two  horses.  Fitted  for 
orchards,  vineyards  and 
grain.  Write  for  booklet. 


E.  H.  HEARD.  1325  ERIE  STREET  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 


668 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


May  6, 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER' S  TAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  lor  Country  and  Suburban  Homes 

Established  isso 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 

Herbert  W.  Colungwood,  President  and  Editor. 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dii.lon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Hoyle,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  $2.01,  equal  to  8s.  6d.,  or 
X34  marks,  or  Vi'A  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  us  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  wc  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  nny  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  bo  publicly  exposed.  Wc  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  trifling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser.  


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 

10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

We  give  you  fair  warning.  The  R.  N.-Y.  will  keep 
talking  about  Hairy  vetch  until  you  and  many  others 
try  it  as  a  Winter  cover  crop.  The  chances  are  that 
you  may  scold  a  little  at  first  because  we  keep  at 
this  vetch  talk.  Later  you  will  come  back  and  thank 
us  for  leading  you  into  experiment.  That  is  the  way 
it  went  with  Alfalfa.  By  the  way,  we  shall  keep  at 
that  also.  So  be  prepared  for  a  never-ending  series 
of  sermons  on  vetch,  Alfalfa,  parcels  post  and  a  few 
others. 

* 

Hardly  a  week  passes  without  some  notice  in  the 
papers  of  a  new  discovery  of  potash  deposits.  The 
last  story  was  about  great  Spanish  mines  which  were 
to  change  the  entire  potash  industry.  Investigation 
shows  that  those  deposits  are  small  and  scarcely 
worth  mining.  It  seems  evident  that  American  farm¬ 
ers  will  be  obliged  to  depend  on  Germany  for  potash 
supplies  until  we  learn  how  to  utilize  what  we  have 
in  American  rocks  and  lakes.  Already  10  patents  for 
utilizing  the  potash  in  rocks  have  been  taken  out.  We 
must  chase  up  Uncle  Sam  to  go  fishing  for  potash  ! 

* 

A  flood  of  rain  in  Chili  washed  a  large  amount 
of  nitrates  into  the  sea,  where  it  was  lost  except  for 
feeding  marine  growth  and  fish.  The  rains  last  Fall 
and  this  Spring  have  washed  out  of  unprotected  farm 
soil  in  this  country  1,000  times  as  much  nitrate  as 
was  lost  by  this  flood  in  Chili.  Every  field  left  bare 
and  dead  gave  up  its  share  of  nitrates  to  the  water 
which  passed  over  and  through  it.  There  was  little 
or  no  loss  from  fields  where  rye,  vetch  or  clover  were 
growing,  for  these  living  plants  drew  up  and  held  the 
life-giving  nitrates.  Your  farm  is  a  nitrate  factory. 
Dead  plants  do  not  save  the  waste  for  you,  but  live 
ones  do.  Never,  never  let  your  farm  come  out  of 
Winter  bareheaded  again. 

* 

Hurrah  !  Parcels  post  is  here !  Suppose  you  have 

11  pounds  of  merchandise  to  mail.  You  wrap  it  in 
one  stout  package  and  write  on  it,  Poste  Restante, 
Zimony,  Hungary.  Then  you  stick  on  $1.32  in  stamps 
and  off  it  goes  to  any  little  mountain  town  in  Servia — 
miles  from  a  railroad.  What  a  glorious  thing  that  is ! 

“But  what  good  does  that  do  me?  I  do  not  live  in 
Servia.  I  want  to  mail  my  stuff  to  customers  in  towns 
20  miles  away !” 

Why  don’t  you  do  it?  You  can  take  that  same  11 
pounds.  In  order  to  get  it  to  your  friends  you  must 
put  it  in  three  separate  packages  and  then  pay  $1.76 
for  mailing  it  20  miles!  Hurrah  for  parcels  post! 

There  are  two  chief  reasons  why  Servia  receives 
greater  favors  from  Uncle  Sam  than  our  own  country 
does : 

1.  A  majority  of  every  Congress  thus  far  has  been 
afraid  to  antagonize  the  express  companies. 

2.  A  majority  of  us  (the  people)  have  lacked  the 
nerve  to  make  our  Congressmen  face  the  music.  “We 
the  people!”  We  have  been  spelling  it  zvee. 

* 

The  Canadian  reciprocity  bill  passed  the  House  of 
Representatives  265  votes  to  89.  There  was  a  strong 
debate  in  which  the  farmer’s  rights  were  well  defined, 
but  all  except  11  Democrats  and  67  Republicans  voted 
for  the  bill.  The  Republicans  expected  to  muster  100 
votes  in  opposition,  but  could  only  raise  78 — one  less 
than  a  majority  of  their  total  membership.  In  the 
former  Congress  the  negative  vote  was  92.  The 
bill  now  goes  to  the  Senate.  The  situation  there  is 
badly  mixed.  One  leading  Senator  has  said  privately 
that  the  bill  cannot  pass  in  its  present  form.  Another, 


equally  prominent,  says  the  votes  needed  to  pass  it 
are  ready  at  any  time.  Of  the  New  York  Senators, 
O’Gorman  favors  the  bill,  Root  strongly  favored  it 
at  first,  but  is  now  reported  as  saying  “The  farmers’ 
case  as  presented  is  stronger  than  I  supposed.”  We 
think  the  debate  in  the  Senate  will  last  for  months, 
One  bad  feature  of  it  all  is  that  the  big  “protected” 
interests,  which  at  first  abandoned  the  farmer,  now 
seem  to  realize  his  power.  They  are  “rallying  to  save 
the  farmer!”  Yes — save  five  cents  for  him  while  he 
saves  $500  for  them. 

* 

The  Troy,  N.  Y.,  Times  says  the  Canadian  reci¬ 
procity  bill  will  be  passed,  “which  is  as  it  should  be.” 
Then  “The  Times”  says  about  lowering  the  tariff  on 
things  farmers  have  to  buy : 

Letting  in  free  of  duty  articles  which  compete  with 
American  manufacturers  will  affect  injuriously  American 
industries,  and  American  industries  are  to  a  very  great 
extent  the  reliance  of  the  American  farmers.  The  more 
men  employed  and  the  more  wages  paid  'in  American 
manufactories  the  better  the  market  for  the  American 
raiser  of  grain,  cattle,  fruit  and  vegetables. 

Can  you  beat  that  for  political  guff  and  baby  talk? 
Not  if  you  had  1,000  years  to  practice  in!  Canadian 
reciprocity  puts  everything  the  farmer  produces  on  the 
free  list — takes  away  the  last  particle  of  “protection”  the 
farmer  ever  had.  The  “Troy  Times”  thinks  that  “is 
as  it  should  he,”  but  the  manufacturers  must  still  have 
their  tariff.  Here  is  a  man  who  argues  that  farmers 
should  give  up  all  the  protection  they  ever  had,  sell  on 
a  free  trade  market,  and  yet  continue  to  buy  at  “pro¬ 
tected”  prices!  It  would  be  hard  to  decide  which  is 
the  greater  blockhead — what  this  man  thinks  the 
farmer  is,  or  what  he  really  is  himself. 

* 

When  the  Panama  Canal  is  finished  the  engineers 
will  receive  great  credit.  This  is  due  them — yet 
there  are  others  in  humbler  lines  who  made  the  great 
work  possible.  One  of  these  men  is  Charles  J.  Finley. 
What  did  he  do?  Made  it  possible  for  men  to  labor 
at  the  great  ditch.  All  the  brains  and  money  and  skill 
on  earth  could  not  complete  that  work  unless  backed 
up  by  hand  labor.  The  French  abandoned  the  canal 
because  yellow  fever  and  malaria  killed  off  their 
workmen.  Finley  proved  that  these  diseases  were 
conveyed  by  mosquitoes.  When  these  insects  were 
killed  the  diseases  disappeared.  Had  the  Panama 
Canal  been  continued  as  the  French  left  it — a  mos¬ 
quito  breeding  ditch — all  the  money  and  energy  in 
this  nation  would  have  been  baffled  for  years.  When 
the  United  States  Army  went  to  Havana  death 
claimed  its  awful  harvest.  Finley  saw  that  the  mos¬ 
quitoes  were  death’s  messengers,  and  be  urged  action. 
As  the  Medical  Record  says: 

lie  was  received  with  polite  toleration,  hut  without 
great  enthusiasm.  He  persisted  nevertheless  in  season 
and  out  of  season,  and  in  fact  made  such  a  nuisance  of 
himself  that  an  investigation  was  finally  decided  upon, 
his  confidence  arousing  a  suspicion  that  he  might,  after 
all,  be  on  the  right  track. 

Investigation  proved  his  theory.  Give  Finley  credit 
for  the  big  ditch.  Give  him  credit  for  proving  an¬ 
other  theory.  “Polite  toleration”  is  first  cousin  to 
“careful  consideration.”  Let  us  make  ourselves  a 
nuisance  to  these  Congressmen  as  Finley  did,  and 
make  them  give  us  parcels  post. 

* 

You  would  not  have  thought  it — some  of  you  good 
people  who  have  been  inclined  to  sneer  at  New  Jer¬ 
sey!  You  have  said  that  Jersey  could  produce  noth¬ 
ing  but  trusts,  mosquitoes  and  politicians.  She  did 
have  some  malignant  specimens  of  all  of  these  pests, 
but  during  the  past  five  months  New  Jersey  has  set 
an  example  for  the  rest  of  the  Union.  She  has  put  on 
her  books  the  strongest  corrupt  practice  law  yet  passed, 
a  strong  primary  elections  law,  an  employer’s  liabil¬ 
ity  act  and  several  other  radical  measures  which  are 
sure  to  benefit  the  common  people.  While  New  York 
has  been  squabbling  over  the  Senatorial  election  and 
waiting  for  one  big  politician  or  another  to  wink  his 
eye,  New  Jersey  has  gone  straight  ahead  and  accom¬ 
plished  things.  We  shall  analyze  and  explain  these 
laws  before  they  are  in  operation.  Now  we  want  to 
point  out  the  reason  for  this  great  victory.  It  started 
right  after  the  last  election.  There  was  a  primary 
last  year,  and  a  majority  of  those  who  voted  declared 
their  choice  for  United  States  Senator  to  be  E.  E. 
Stokes,  Republican,  or  James  E.  Marline,  Democrat. 
To  their  surprise  the  Democrats  carried  the  Legisla¬ 
ture  and  the  politicians  set  out  to  defeat  Mr.  Martine. 
Gov.  Wilson  knew  that  if  this  were  done  his  party 
would  break  faith  with  the  people  and  prove  itself 
dishonest  and  unfit  to  rule.  So  he  went  past  the 
politicians  and  appealed  to  the  voters  of  his  party. 
They  responded  like  a  mountain  storm,  and  so 
frightened  the  politicians  that  they  gave  up  at  once 
and  elected  Mr.  Martine.  That  settled  it.  Having 
once  felt  the  wrath  of  the  voters,  the  politicians  fell 


over  themselves  to  give  what  the  people  demanded. 
Thus  New  Jersey  leads  the  way  and  shows  what 
must  be  done.  Jerseymen  mastered  the  politicians. 
You  must  either  master  them  or  serve  them. 

* 

Since  there  has  been  so  much  testimony  as  to  the 
value  of  lime-sulphur  as  a  spray  for  fruit  trees,  many 
have  asked  if  it  will  prove  as  useful  for  spraying  po¬ 
tatoes.  It  has  been  claimed  that  Bordeaux  Mixture 
is  particularly  valuable  for  potato  spraying.  Will 
lime-sulphur  take  its  place  as  it  promises  to  do  in 
fruit  spraying?  The  best  advice  we  have  is  the  fol¬ 
lowing  from  W.  A.  Orton,  pathologist  in  charge  of 
the  Government  investigation  in  plant  diseases : 

We  have  as  yet  insufficient  evidence  upon  which  to  base 
a  conclusive,  reply  in  regard  to  the  efficiency  of  lime- 
sulphur  compounds  as  compared  with  Bordeaux  mixture 
in  controlling  potato  blight.  What  evidence  we  have  affords 
no  reason  for  giving  up  Bordeaux  mixture.  The  lime- 
sulphur  compounds  appear  to  be  on  the  whole  less  efficient 
fungicides  than  Bordeaux.  Their  increasing  use  on  fruit 
trees  is  due  to  other  reasons ;  namely,  that  the  self-boiled 
lime-sulphur  Is  safe  to  use  on  tender  foliage,  while  the 
factory-boiled  lime-sulphur  is  an  efficient  Winter  spray 
and  conveniently  purchased  in  rcady-to-use  form.  Standard 
Bordeaux  mixture  is  not  injurious  to  potato  foliage;  on 
the  other  hand,  it  appears  to  exert  a  stimulating  or 
beneficial  action  in  addition  to  controlling  parasitic 
diseases,  and  we  advise  potato  growers  to  continue  its  use. 

* 

Some  recent  cases  of  fertilizer  law  settled  in  Great 
Britain  will  interest  our  farmers.  A  dealer  sold  a 
fertilizer  with  a  guaranteed  analysis.  His  agent  as¬ 
sured  the  farmers  who  bought  it  that  the  mixture 
was  suitable  for  growing  turnips.  The  crop  where  it 
was  used  proved  a  failure,  and  the  farmers  refused 
to  pay  for  it.  The  dealer  sued  to  recover  the  price. 
The  farmers  proved  by  good  evidence  that  the  turnip 
crop  failed  where  this  fertilizer  was  used,  and  chemists 
testified  that  the  analysis  was  not  a  good  one  for 
turnips.  The  judge  held  that  the  agent’s  statement 
that  the  mixture  was  suitable  for  turnips  implied  a 
guarantee  under  the  law,  since  the  farmers  relied  upon 
the  agent’s  skill  and  judgment.  He  held  that,  under 
these  circumstances,  the  farmers  were  not  liable  for 
the  price  of  the  fertilizer,  but  were  entitled  to  dam¬ 
ages  for  the  loss  of  their  crop.  The  Mark  Lane  Ex¬ 
press  says  of  this  decision : 

The  judgment  is  important,  because  it  involves  the 
principle  that  the  obligations  of  the  seller  do  not  cease 
when  he  has  supplied  the  manure  and  rendered  an  invoice 
in  compliance  with  the  act.  If  the  seller  in  any  circular 
or  by  the  mouth  of  his  agent  has  made  a  statement  that 
the  manure  is  suitable  for  the  crop  it  implies  a  warranty 
that  the  manure  is  thus  suitable,  and  should  it  prove  to 
be  otherwise  the  seller  cannot  escape  responsibility. 

Another  case  in  Ireland  turned  out  the  same  way. 
The  English  fertilizer  laws  are  very  strict — as  they 
should  be.  We  doubt  if  such  a  verdict  could  be  ob¬ 
tained  under  any  American  law  now  on  the  books, 
and  we  regret  it.  What  a  wholesome  effect  there 
would  be  upon  the  fertilizer  and  seed  trade  if  the 
owners  were  forced  to  put  dollars  on  the  wild  wind 
and  guff  of  their  agents ! 


BREVITIES. 

The  best  manure  spreader — the  sheep. 

Ever  harrow  the  grain  in  early  Spring?  What  was  the 
result? 

No  matter  who  you  are,  where  you  live  or  your  name, 
try  to  plant  a  tree  this  Spring. 

It  looks  as  if  the  Hope  Farm  man  might  have  a  $250 
per  year  cow  !  Tell  him  wherein  his  figuring  is  wrong. 

Unhappy  that  farm  home  which  lacks  a  full  supply  of 
dry  fuel.  Its  women  folks  would  be  justified  in  going  on 
strike. 

The  government  of  Sweden  has  secured  control  of  water 
power  which  amounts  to  545,145  horse-power,  and  is  after 
more.  This  will  be  used  on  state  railroads  and  other 
industries. 

The  latest  suggested  “cure”  for  a  cribbing  horse  is  to 
put  hog  rings  in  his  tongue.  It  probably  would  “cure" 
the  horse,  but  the  man  who  would  do  such  a  cruel  thing 
ought  to  he  kept  in  jail ! 

Among  plant  novelties  promised  us  from  Germany  is 
an  ornamental  cabbage  with  richly  colored  leaves,  white, 
pink,  red,  bronze,  yellow  and  crimson,  some  with  pointed 
and  some  with  curled  leaves.  It  is  said  to  give  the  ef¬ 
fect  of  Coleus,  while  much  hardier. 

Our  American  scientific  men  state  that  owing  to  the 
nature  of  the  disease  it  will  do  little  good  to  soak  seed 
corn  to  prevent  smut,  because  the  germs  are  not  in  the 
seed  as  with  oats  or  wheat.  In  Europe  experiments  show 
the  value  of  such  soakiug.  Some  of  our  readers  insist 
that  the  disease  came  to  them  on  seed  corn. 

One  of  the  troublesome  weeds  they  are  destroying  with 
arsenite  spraying  in  Hawaii  is  the  pretty  little  German 
ivy,  a  favorite  house  plant  with  us,  and  another  is  the 
Lantana.  one  of  our  showy  bedding  plants.  The  Lantana 
makes  regular  jungles  in  Hawaii,  where  it  originally  es 
taped  from  gardens,  and  has  now  become  an  intolerable 
nuisance. 

At  the  Kothamsted  Experiment  Station  it  was  esti¬ 
mated  that  there  were  25.000  angleworms  to  the  acre. 
The  actual  plant  food  in  the  bodies  of  these  worms  was 
only  equal  to  the  nitrogen  in  eight  pounds  of  nitrate  of 
soda,  or  about  250  pounds  stable  manure.  The  worms 
help  by  making  over  and  draining  the  soil,  but  they  add 
but  little  plant  food. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


668 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

U.  S.  Senators  Lured  by  the  Idola¬ 
ters  of  the  Sucker  List. 

It  seems  that  E.  G.  Lewis  is  now  going 
to  make  a  weekly  of  his  much -boasted 
Daily.  It  is  strange  that  the  government 
will  allow  him  to  use  the  mails  to  fool  the 
people  out  of  their  money.  Last  year  he 
was  publishing  three  magazines,  claiming 
a  million  and  a  half  subscribers.  He 
stopped  them  and  said  he  would  enlarge 
the  Daily  each  week  and  publish  the  mag¬ 
azines  as  supplements  so  that  the  sub¬ 
scribers  would  get  the  same  service  as 
before.  That  was  untrue.  Then  he  raised 
the  price  of  the  Daily  to  $2  and  after 
getting  all  the  subscribers  he  could,  he  is 
going  to  reduce  it  to  a  weekly.  Has  he 
got  the  right  to  fool  the  people  out  of 
their  money,  and  to  slander  the  whole 
Tost  Office  Department?  It  is  just  such 
men  as  he  is  who  prompt  loony  cranks 
to  assassinate  our  Presidents  and  other 
officials.  If  it  can  be  stopped,  why  doesn't 
the  government  stop  it?  Surely  if  it  can¬ 
not  be  stopped  this  government  cannot 
stand,  when  its  subjects  have  no  respect 
for  it.  Anyone  who  reads  bis  paper  can 
see  that  he  is  an  anarchist,  in  the  sense 
that  he  disrespects  law.  That  paper  is 
not  fit  to  put  into  any  family  where  there 
are  children  any  more  than  the  “Appeal  tp 
Reason.”  and  of  the  two  I  think  the  Lewis 
publication  the  worse  of  the  two,  and  the 
most  to  be  feared.  He  should  be  stopped 
before  he  does  any  more  harm.  He  has 
fooled  the  women  out  of  millions,  and  if 
he  can  collect  the  notes  they  sent  him  un¬ 
der  misrepresentations  it  will  amount  to 
millions  more.  I  wish  you  would  open  the 
eyes  of  the  Post  Office  Department  and  see 
if  they  will  not  try  to  stop  his  practices. 

Pine  River,  Wis.  a.  n.  de  cjroff. 

Some  good  people  forget  that  our 
government  is  the  people.  The  officials 
are  merely  their  employees,  and  they 
are  directed  by  the  activities  of  the 
people  interested  in  various  projects. 
In  Canada  and  in  some  of  the  old 
countries  with  limited  monarchies  the 
government  is  more  rigid,  stronger  and 
less  subject  to  transient  and  hysterical 
influences.  With  postal  regulations 
much  the  same  as  ours,  Lewis  never 
could  get  his  papers  entered  to  second- 
class  privileges  in  Canada.  He  has  suc¬ 
ceeded  here  because  of  our  govern¬ 
ment’s  sensitive  response  to  pressure 
from  any  number  of  people,  whether  the 
measure  is  just  or  otherwise. 

It  is  estimated  that  Lewis  has  one  of 
the  biggest  “sucker  lists”  in  existence. 
It  is  said  to  number  over  two  million 
names.  He  started  it  with  an  endless 
chain  fake.  He  added  to  it  with  a  pure 
lottery  scheme,  and  he  increased  it  fur¬ 
ther  by  the  purchase  of  names  from 
patent  medicine  advertisers  and  various 
other  ways.  Later  he  classified  the 
“list.”  The  attempt  to  perfect  a  male 
list  failed;  but  the  classification  known 
as  the  American  Woman’s  League  is 
said  to  have  the  distinction  of  being  the 
first  and  largest  exclusive  female 
“sucker  list”  extant.  The  general  list 
is  made  up  of  men,  women  and  chil¬ 
dren  of  all  ages  and  of  every  conceiv¬ 
able  condition.  Some  are  intelligent ; 
Lewis  appealed  to  their  love  of  culture. 
Some  are  public-spirited;  he  appealed  to 
their  civic  pride.  Some  are  philan¬ 
thropic  ;  he  appealed  to  their  charity. 
Others  are  ambitious ;  Lewis  tickled 
their  vanity.  Others  still  are  venal ;  he 
appealed  to  their  cupidity ;  others  again 
are  sentimental;  he  set  himself  up  as 
the  idol  for  their  worship.  He  magni¬ 
fied  every  virtue,  patronized  every  foible, 
flattered  every  vice,  and  all  the  time 
lured  a  flood  of  money  from  his  unsus¬ 
pecting  victims.  It  mattered  not  to  him 
whence  it  came  or  how.  He  tricked 
the  careful  investor  with  realty  securi¬ 
ties;  he  caught  the  speculatively  in¬ 
clined  with  fake  stock.  The  intelligent 
contributed  to  his  -  plausible  bank 
schemes,  and  the  ignorant  to  his  more 
transparent  swindles.  He  had  schemes 
for  all ;  and  his  insatiable  greed  knew 
no  limitations.  He  talked  only  in  mil¬ 
lions  ;  but  the  dimes  and  pennies  of 
children  and  cripples  were  taken  with 
as  little  compunction  of  conscience  as 
the  dollars  of  the  wealthy.  No  limita¬ 
tion  of  youth  or  age  deterred  him.  No 
degree  of  poverty  of  distress  or  misfor¬ 
tune  was  sacred  to  him.  He  wanted  it 
all,  allured  it  all,  schemed  for  it  all, 
lied  for  it  all,  got  it  all.  No  pleading  of 
poverty  or  distress  or  sickness  or  death 
suffices  to  induce  him  to  return  any  of 
it.  The  rich  and  the  poor,  the  young 
and  the  old,  the  strong  and  the  weak, 
the  cripple,  the  deaf  and  the  blind,  all 
sent  him  their  savings  in  the  trust  of 
his  promised  reward.  For  seven  years  he 
has  jollied  them  and  appeased  them  with 
one  exchange  of  a  fake  certificate  for 
another,  and  at  last  impudently  demands 
the  return  of  every  worthless  certificate 


and  the  surrender  of  every  broken 
pledge. 

What  has  become  of  all  the  money 
gathered  from  these  people,  and  esti¬ 
mated  at  $10,000,000?  Some  say  he 
squandered  it  in  foolish  attempts  to  ag¬ 
grandize  himself;  but  there  are  rumors 
of  a  bank  account  in  Europe,  and  these 
recall  his  wife’s  trip  abroad  last  year 
when  financial  troubles  began  to  grow 
acute. 

Of  course  the  honest  and  intelligent 
have  long  since  become  unwilling  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  “sucker  list.”  The  prudent 
and  crafty  hold  on  in  the  vain  hope  of 
getting  their  money  back.  The  hirelings 
yet  serve  and  the  idolaters  still  worship. 
To  these  two  elements  of  the  “sucker 
list”  he  is  a  real  divinity  capable  of  no 
wrong,  and  worthy  of  all  praise.  Hence 
it  is  that  while  you  are  attending  to  your 
business  and  your  home  and  your  chil¬ 
dren,  and  your  employes  at  Washing¬ 
ton  are  faithfully  trying  to  do  their 
sworn  duty  in  enforcement  of  the  law, 
these  Lewis  worshippers  are  writing 
hysterical  letters  to  members  of  Con¬ 
gress,  using  the  very  words  that  are 
put  into  their  mouths  by  Lewis,  and  de¬ 
manding  justice  and  a  square  deal  for 
their  idol,  meaning  thereby  that  he  must 
be  left  free  to  violate  the  law  as  he 
pleases.  Legislatures  respond  to  the  ap¬ 
peals  of  their  constituents.  If  they  took 
more  pains  to  investigate  drunnned-up 
complaints  they  might  save  themselves 
the  humiliation  of  appearing  in  the 
United  States  Senate  as  champions  of 
any  notorious  swindler  or  crook, 
and  refrain  from  using  their  powerful 
position  to  embarras  other  officials  in  the 
honest  discharge  of  an  impartial  duty. 
Of  course  the  Senators  who  have  taken 
up  the  Lewis  complaint  are  acting  in 
good  faith.  They  have  no  other  infor¬ 
mation,  and  they  act  in  response  to  the 
demands  on  them.  They  think  they  ap¬ 
peal  for  a  just  cause.  If  the  Lewis  vic¬ 
tims  told  them  their  pitiable  stories  the 
Senators  would  see  a  new  light.  But 
don’t  blame  the  Federal  authorities. 
They  stopped  the  old  bank  game ;  and* 
you  turned  the  proceeds  over  to  Lewis 
again,  $1,300,000  of  it.  They  indicted 
and  tried  Lewis  for  fraud ;  and  you 
went  to  court  and  secured  his  acquittal. 
They  applied  the  law  to  his  publications ; 
and  you  made  such  a  fuss  about  it  he 
was  allowed  privileges  denied  to  others. 
They  closed  one  bank;  you  sent  him 
money  to  start  another.  They  started 
an  investigation  of  his  later  fakes;  and 
you  joined  in  Ins  squeal  and  cried 
shame !  When  we  say  “you,”  we  refer 
to  the  voluntary  members  of  the  “sucker 
list,”  the  hirelings  and  the  idolaters; 
but  they  are  part  of  the  mob  who  influ¬ 
ence  legislators  and  send  orders  to  pub¬ 
lic  officials.  If  we  could  forget  the  help¬ 
less  pitiable  conditions  of  his  victims, 
the  trifling  with  Lewis  would  be  ridicu¬ 
lous  from  the  police  phases  of  it.  In 
view  of  the  time  and  extent  of  his  oper¬ 
ations  it  is  fast  assuming  the  proportions 
of  a  national  scandal. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — Discouraged  because  he  is 
not  able  physically  to  perform  manual  labor, 
“Andy”  Toth,  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  who  a 
month  ago  was  pardoned  from  the  peniten¬ 
tiary  after  he  had  served  twenty  years  of 
a  life  sentence  for  a  crime  he  did  not  com¬ 
mit,  applied  to  Warden  John  Francis  to 
return  to  the  Western  Penitentiary,  there 
to  spend  the  remainder  of  his  days.  When 
Toth  was  released  from  the  penitentiary 
reports  had  it  that  Andrew  Carnegie,  having 
been  touched  by  the  sad  story  of  Toth’s 
misfortune,  would  pension  him.  Friends  in 
Pittsburg  also  expressed  their  willingness 
to  help  him.  Tip  to  date  he  has  received 
only  a  $48  subscription.  His  health  is 
rapidly  failing,  and  physicians  say  that 
hard  work  would  kill  him.  Toth’s  four  sons 
there  are  barely  able  to  support  their  own 
families. 

Two  of  the  most  important  pieces  of  leg¬ 
islation  pending  in  the  Illinois  Legislature, 
providing  for  the  initiative  and  referendum 
and  a  constitutional  convention,  passed  the 
Senate  April  20.  Both  resolutions  were 
unanimously  adopted,  40  to  0.  At  no  time 
was  the  initiative  and  referendum  resolu¬ 
tion  in  danger.  During  the  debate  over  the 
resolution  it  was  clearly  shown  that  both 
the  Democrats  and  Republicans  were  en¬ 
deavoring  to  claim  credit  for  its  success 
rather  than  to  prevent  its  passage. 

April  20  Post  Office  inspectors  raided 
three  mail-order  medical  concerns  in  New 
York,  the  Hartmann  Medicine  Company,  231 
East  Fourteenth  St.,  the  Vienna  Medical 
Institute,  at  140  East  Twenty-second  St., 
and  the  Universal  Medical  Institute,  at  30 
West  Twenty-ninth  St.  This  is  the  second 
time  that  raiders  have  sallied  forth  from 
the  Federal  Building  in  search  of  the  men 
who  advertise  the  curealls  in  newspapers 
printed  in  foreign  languages  in  this  country. 
Chief  Postal  Inspector  Warren  W.  Dickson 
intends  to  keep  right  after  the  advertisers 
and  then  get  after  the  newspapers 
that  print  the  advertisements.  Five  pris¬ 
oners  were  taken  in  these  raids  and  locked 
up  in  Marshal  Henkel’s  office  charged  with 
a  scheme  to  defraud,  and  grand  jury  sub¬ 
poenas  were  served  upon  the  employees  of 
the  various  concerns.  Dr.  Ferdinand  Hart¬ 
mann,  the  head  of  the  company,  and  Frank 
Donnelly,  his  druggist,  were  both  nut  under 
arrest.  Hartmann  was  held  in  $5,000  bail 
before  Commissioner  Shields,  and  Donnelly 
in  .$3,000.  both  charged  with  schemes  to  de¬ 
fraud.  The  doctor  had  sixteen  employees 
and  ten  interpreters  hard  at  work  writing 
letters  in  twenty  different  languages,  gazing 
into  test  tubes  in  the  laboratory  on  the 


ground  floor  and  sorting  out  the  morning 
mail.  This  concern  is  said  to  do  an  annual 
business  of  $75,000.  Two  men  were  arrest¬ 
ed  at  the  Universal  Medical  Institute,  which 
was  said  to  bring  in  between  $50  and  $150 
a  day,  and  one  man  was  arrested  at  the 
Vienna  Medical  Institute. 

James  .T.  McNamara,  secretary  and  treas¬ 
urer  of  the  International  .Bridge  and  Struc¬ 
tural  Iron  Workers  Association,  with  head¬ 
quarters  in  Indianapolis,  was  arrested  April 
22  on  a  charge  of  being  connected  with  the 
dynamiting  of  the  plant  of  the  Los  Angeles 
Times  at  Los  Angeles  last  October.  J.  B. 
McNamara,  alias  Bryce,  a  brother  to  J.  J. 
McNamara,  and  Ottie  McManigal,  were  ar¬ 
rested  in  Detroit  some  days  before,  charged 
with  being  accessory  to  the  Los  Angeles 
dynamiting.  McManigal  made  a  lengthy 
confession  to  the  police,  in  which  he  told 
of  dynamite  plots  which  caused  the  death 
of  112  men,  and  property  losses  of  $3,500,- 
000.  He  said  that  all  places  they  dyna¬ 
mited  either  used  structural  iron  obtained 
from  plants  having  the  open  shop  or  places 
belonging  to  the  Erectors’  Association,  which 
was  opposing  the  Structural  Iron  Workers’ 
Union.  The  confession  gives  in  detail  the 
beginning  of  the  attacks  against  the  Erec¬ 
tors’  Association,  comprising  the  greater 
number  of  the  structural  iron  operators  in 
this  country,  and  especially  in  places  where 
material  supplied  by  the  American  Bridge 
Company  was  being  used.  April  23  the 
police  found  400  pounds  of  dynamite  in  the 
heart  of  Tiffin,  O.,  in  a  shed  belonging  to 
Ottie  McManigal’s  father.  W.  J.  Ford,  as¬ 
sistant  prosecuting  attorney  of  Los  Angeles, 
Walter  Drew  of  the  Erectors’  Association 
of  New  York,  and  Frank  Fox,  proprietor 
of  a  taxiacb  company,  were  arrested  at 
Indianapolis  April  24,  charged  with  the  kid¬ 
napping  of  McNamara,  and  were  released 
under  $5,000  bonds.  The  proceedings  against 
them  were  brought  by  members  of  the 
executive  board  of  the  ironworkers  union 
and  at  the  instance  of  Attorney  Rappaport, 
their  legal  adviser,  the  papers  were  signed 
by  J.  J.  Keegan,  Democratic  Representative 
in  the  last  Legislature,  and  formerly  a 
member  of  the  executive  board  of  the  iron¬ 
workers.  The  proceedings  were  based  on 
the  ground  that  McNamara  was  taken  from 
the  city  without  having  a  chance  to  defend 
himself  or  even  the  right  to  have  a  lawyer 
when  he  was  taken  before  the  police  judge 
for  identification.  Detective  W.  J.  Burns 
was  arrested  on  the  same  charge  April  25. 

Seven  persons  were  burned  to  death  and 
eight  injured  by  the  explosion  of  4.000  gal¬ 
lons  of  gasoline  in  a  Wabash  tank  car  in 
the  yards  of  the  Bell  Oil  Company,  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  April  22.  When  the  car  ex¬ 
ploded  a  mass  of  burning  oil  was  sent  up, 
which  fell  on  many  other  tanks  and  houses 
in  a  radius  of  half  a  block,  setting  them 
afire.  F.  A.  Bretsnyder,  vice-president  of 
the  oil  company,  mounted  the  tank  car 
shortly  before  the  accident  to  test  the  qual¬ 
ity  of  the  gasoline  it  contained.  He  denies 
that  he  permitted  a  spark  to  fall  into  the 
gasoline,  and  said  that  the  explosion  must 
have  been  caused  by  a  spark  from  a  loco¬ 
motive.  Charles  Onions,  son  of  Thomas 
Onions,  who  was  burned  to  death,  says  em¬ 
ployees  of  the  oil  company  have  been  care¬ 
less  and  often  struck  matches  near  tank 
cars,  lie  said  they  boasted  how  little  they 
feared  the  oils.  In  one  house,  30  feet  from 
the  track,  four  members  of  the  family  were 
burned  to  death,  and  another  seriously  in¬ 
jured. 

Federal  Judge  Charles  E.  Wolverton  de¬ 
cided  at  Portland,  Ore.,  April  24,  that  the 
Southern  Pacific  and  the  Oregon  &  Califor¬ 
nia  Railway  companies  must  forfeit  to  the 
United  States  government  about  200,000 
acres  of  land,  which  is  valued  at  $40,000,000 
to  $75,000,000.  The  case  probably  will  be 
appealed.  Interpreting  the  act  of  Congress 
granting  the  land  as  an  aid  to  railway  con¬ 
struction,  the  court  held  that  Congress  in¬ 
tended  that  this  land  should  be  sold  to  bona 
fide  settlers,  in  tracts  not  greater  than  100 
acres  to  one  individual,  and  at  a  price  not 
exceeding  $2.50  an  acre.  In  brief,  the  ques¬ 
tion  raised  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Com¬ 
pany  was  whether  Congress  had  the  power 
to  make  a  subsequent  act  precedent  to  the 
rights  conferred  in  an  original  grant.  The 
suit  was  instituted  in  1908  by  Attorney 
General  Bonaparte,  following  a  memorial 
from  the  Oregon  Legislature  to  Congress 
that  the  Southern  Pacific  Company,  succes¬ 
sor  to  the  Oregon  &  California  Railway 
Company,  had  forfeited  its  rights  to  a  grant 
of  land  in  Oregon  and  Washington.  The 
company  was  said  to  have  refused  to  sell 
the  land  as  provided  in  the  grant. 

All  of  the  twenty-three  miners  entombed 
by  the  explosion  in  the  Ott  mine  of  the 
Davis  Coat  and  Coke  Company,  April  23, 
near  Elk  Garden,  W.  Va.,  have  perished. 
Fourteen  bodies  were  taken  out  April  24, 
and  one  was  recovered  the  previous  night. 

By  a  vote  of  105  to  30,  the  New  York 
Assembly  April  25  adopted  the  resolution 
of  Senator  Roosevelt  advocating  the  election 
of  United  States  Senators  by  direct  vote 
of  the  people.  Twenty-one  Republicans 
voted  with  the  Democrats  in  favor  of  the 
resolution.  One  Democrat,  Donovan,  of 
Kings,  voted  against  it. 

Andrew  Carnegie  went  before  the  grand 
Jury  at  New  York,  April  25,  to  tell  what 
he  knew  of  the  affairs  of  the  trust  company 
which  had  taken  his  name  as  its  title,  and 
which  has  been  under  investigation  ever 
since  its  collapse  last  January.  Carnegie 
issued  a  sweeping  denial  of  the  promises 
credited  to  him  by  Cummins  and  the  State 
Banking  Department,  that  he  had  pledged 
himself  to  go  to  the  trust  company’s  aid. 
He  repudiated  Cummins  and  refused  to  give 
him  the  endorsement  that  Cummins  had  told 
the  grand  jurors  they  could  get  from  Mr. 
Carnegie.  Clark  Williams,  former  State 
Banking  Superintendent  and  Comptroller, 
and  friend  of  Carnegie,  came  in  for  strong 
critc-ism  from  the  latter  who  declared  that 
it  was  largely  through  Williams’s  recom¬ 
mendations  that  he  had  become  so  heavily 
involved  in  the  company’s  affairs.  The  name 
of  the  City  Chamberlain,  Chas.  IT.  Hyde, 
has  appeared  repeatedly  in  the  investigation, 
it  being  evident  that  city  money  was  de¬ 
posited  where  personal  interests  dictated. 

WASHINGTON.  —  Cream-colored  postal 
cards  printed  in  red  ink  are  to  take  the 
place  of  the  old  cards  of  commonplace  black 
ink  design.  It  is  said  that  the  new  cards 
will  be  of  more  attractive  appearance.  Last 
year  the  government  issued  871.318,000  pos¬ 
tal  cards,  the  total  cost  of  which  was  $273,- 
000.  or  $84,000  in  excess  of  the  cost  of  the 
cards  issued  the  year  preceding,  against 
which  so  many  complaints  bad  been  made. 
The  new  card  will  cost  approximately  $65,- 
000  more  than  the  present  card. 

Detailed  information  of  the  activities  of 
the  sugar  trust  is  demanded  by  a  resolu¬ 
tion  introduced  in  the  House  April  23  by 
Representative  Sabath  of  Illinois.  The  Sec¬ 
retary  of  the  Treasury  and  the  Attorney 


General  are  asked  to  inform  the  House  how 
many  constituent  companies  there  are  in 
the  American  Sugar  Refining  Company,  the 
names  of  the  directors,  the  amounts  paid 
by  the  companies  to  the  government  in  com¬ 
promise  of  frauds,  the  total  amount  that 
should  have  been  collected  as  customs  du¬ 
ties  by  the  government  on  undervalued  en¬ 
tries,  the  length  of  time  the  frauds  con¬ 
tinued  and  the  reason  why  criminal  pro¬ 
ceedings  have  not  been  instituted  against 
officers  of  the  sugar  trust. 

The  Canadian  reciprocity  bill,  to  secure 
the  passage  of  which  President  Taft  called 
Congress  in  extra  session,  was  passed  by 
the  House  April  21  by  a  vote  of  265  to  8!). 
Of  those  who  stood  out  to  the  end  against 
the  agreement,  ten  were  Democrats,  one 
(Representative  Akin,  of  New  York  i  was  an 
independent,  and  seventy-eight  were  Repub¬ 
licans.  Sixty-seven  Republicans  and  197 
Democrats  voted  for  the  bill,  as  did  Victor 
Berger,  the  Wisconsin  Socialist.  The  bill 
got  45  more  votes  than  it  did  in  the  last 
session,  the  vote  on  its  former  passage  hav¬ 
ing  been  221  to  92.  Seventy-eight  Repub¬ 
licans,  one  less  than  a  majority  of  Represen¬ 
tatives  of  that  party  in  the  ’  House,  voted 
against  the  measure.  Sixty-four  Republicans 
upheld  the  hand  of  the  Administration. 
Eleven  Democrats  deserted  their  party  or¬ 
ganization  by  voting  against  the  Adminis¬ 
tration  bill  reported  by  Representative  Un¬ 
derwood  of  Alabama,  the  Democratic  (hair- 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means. 

“A  deficit  in  the  operation  of  the  Post 
Office  Department  of  $17,600,000,  inherited 
by  the  present  administration  of  the  postal 
service,  practically  has  been  wiped  out.” 
said  Postmaster  General  Hitchcock  April  22. 
He  had  just  received  from  the  auditor  for 
the  Post  Office  Department  a  final  report 
showing  that  the  revenues  for  the  first  six 
months  of  the  current  fiscal  year  aggregated 
$118,573,817  and  the  expenditures  $i  18,614,- 
680.  “The  wiping  out  in  less  than  two 
years  of  the  largest  deficit  in  the  history 
of  the  department,”  said  Mr.  Hitchcock, 
“was  accomplished  not  by  curtailing  postal 
facilities,  but  by  extending  the  service  along 
profitable  lines.”  He  believes  that  the  cur¬ 
rent  fiscal  year  will  show  a  considerable 
surplus.  The  auditor's  report  says  that 
since  the  opening  of  the  administration  3.089 
new  post  offices  have  been  established,  de¬ 
livery  by  letter  carriers  provided  in  142 
additional  cities  and  2,124  new  rural  routes, 
aggregating  51,230  miles  in  length  author¬ 
ized,  force  of  postal  employees  increased 
by  8,274  men  and  annual  expenditures  for 
salaries  increased  by  $11, 70S, 071  in  the  two 
years. 

FARM  AND  GARDEN. — Half  a  million 
Russian  mulberry  trees  were  planted  April 
21  by  Chicago  school  children  in  celebra¬ 
tion  of  Arbor  Day.  The  trees  were  planted 
in  front  and  back  yards,  and  on  school  prem¬ 
ises,  and  in  small  parks.  The  Russian 
mulberry  is  peculiarly  adapted  to  Chicago, 
according  to  Mr.  Prost,  the  city  forester. 

The  Connecticut  Sheep  Breeders’  Asso¬ 
ciation  will  hold  its  annual  field  meeting 
and  sheep  shearing  contest  at  the  farm  of 
P.  G.  Tripp,  Ellington,  Conn.,  Thursday, 
May  11.  All  interested  in  sheep  raising 
are  invited  to  attend.  Mr.  Tripp’s  farm 
shows  conclusively  the  beneficial  effects  of 
sheep  upon  cheap  land.  The  shearing  con¬ 
test  will  be  divided  into  the  following 
classes:  Class  A,  hand  shearing;  Class  B, 
machine  shearing;  Class  C,  hand  shearing 
by  boys  under  18  years  old;  Class  D,  ma¬ 
chine  shearing  by  boys  under  18  years  old  ; 
Class  E,  sweepstakes  for  most  humane 
shearing  by  all  contestants.  All  contestants 
must  be  residents  of  Connecticut.  There 
are  prizes  of  $5,  $3  and  $2  in  each  class. 
Shearing  machines  will  be  furnished  at  the 
farm. 

The  Crop  Improvement  Committee  of  the 
Council  of  North  American  Grain  Exchanges 
is  sending  out  a  post  card  that  says  on  one 
side  in  big  white  letters  on  a  black  ground  : 
“Test  Your  Seed  Corn.”  On  the  other  side 
it  says :  “We  are  informed  that  tin1  seed 
corn  is  extremely  poor  this  season.  Every 
grain  which  fails  to  grow  cuts  your  crop 
down  at  least  25  per  cent  to  the  hill.” 

The  thirty-sixth  annual  convention  of  the 
American  Association  of  Nurserymen  will 
be  held  on  June  14,  15  and  16,  1911,  at 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  with  headquarters  at  the 
Southern  Hotel.  The  program  lias  been  is¬ 
sued,  and  all  those  desirous  of  obtaining 
further  particulars  should  address  John 
Hall,  secretary,  204  Granite  Building, 
Rochester,  N.  Y. 

The  Pacific  Coast  Association  of  Nursery¬ 
men  will  meet  in  convention  at  San  .Tose, 
Cal.,  on  June  21  and  three  following  days. 
St.  James  Hotel  will  be  headquarters. 
George  C.  Roeding  of  Fresno,  Cal.,  is  the 
president,  and  C.  A.  Tonneson  of  Tacoma, 
Wash.,  is  the  secretary-treasurer. 


CORN  ACREAGE. 

The  acreage  of  sweet  corn  in  this  vicinity 
will  remain  about  the  same  as  usual.  It 
will  depend  somewhat  on  the  fact  whether 
the  factory  at  East  Baldwin  is  operat'  d  this 
season  or  not.  If  this  factory  is  run  the 
acreage  will  be  increased  ;  if  not  it  will  be 
a  little  less.  The  land  here  used  for  corn 
is  generally  cultivated  fields,  as  most  of  the 
pastures  are  too  rocky  for  cultivation,  and 
there  is  not  much  meadow  land  here.  The 
seed  most  generally  used  is  early  and  medi¬ 
um  Crosby,  and  from  600  to  1500  pounds  of 
fertilizers  are  used  to  the  acre  in  addition 
to  barnyard  dressing.  F.  j.  m. 

North  Baldwin,  Me. 

There  has  been  more  corn  planted  in  this 
vicinity  during  the  last  few  years  than  for¬ 
merly,  but  I  do  not  think  there  will  be  any 
increased  acreage  in  corn  this  year,  but 
rather  a  decrease,  as  the  price  of  corn  is 
lower  than  It  has  been  for  the  last  few 
years.  Corn  is  planted  hereabouts  on  regu¬ 
larly  cultivated  fields,  in  rotation  with  other 
crops.  I  am  unable  to  state  how  much  fer¬ 
tilizer  is  used  per  acre.  As  to  the  variety, 
common  flint  corn  is  used  almost  wholly* 
Very  little,  if  any,  dent  corn  is  planted. 

Chelmsford,  Mass.  u.  w.  D. 

I  do  not  know  that  the  acreage  will  be 
increased  this  year  any  over  that  of  last 
year,  but  it  has  been  increased  somewhat  in 
the  last  two  or  three  years.  Corn  in  this 
section  is  generally  the  first  crop  after 
breaking  up.  The  amount  of  phosphate 
that  is  generally  used  on  land  that  has  had 
a  dressing  of  stable  manure  is  from  300  to 
400  pounds  per  acre.  Without  manure,  one- 
half  ton  and  upwards  should  be  used.  The 
varieties  of  corn  raised  here  are  the  e’ght- 
rowed  yellow  corn  and  the  12-rowed.  There 
may  be  a  small  increase  in  acreac'1  this 
year,  but  no  great  enthusiasm  has  been 
aroused  in  raising  corn  for  grain. 

Nashua,  N.  II.  r.  c.  n. 


670 


May  G, 


Woman  and  the  Home 


From  Day  to  Day. 

LITTLE  THINGS. 

A  traveller  through  a  dusty  road 
Strewed  acorns  on  the  lea ; 

And  one  took  root  and  sprouted  up, 

And  grew  into  a  tree. 

Love  sought  ites  shade  at  evening  time, 
To  breathe  its  early  vows, 

And  Age  was  pleased,  in  heat  of  noon, 

To  bask  beneath  its  boughs; 

The  dormouse  loved  its  dangling  twigs, 

The  birds  sweet  music  bore ; 

It  stood,  a  glory  in  its  place, 

A  blessing  evermore ! 

A  little  spring  had  lost  its  way 
Amid  the  grass  and  fern, 

A  passing  stranger  scooped  a  well, 

Where  weary  men  might  turn ; 

He  walled  it  in  and  hung  with  care 
A  ladle  at  the  brink; 

He  thought  not  of  the  deed  he  did, 

But  judged  that  toil  might  drink. 

He  passed  again — and  lo,  the  well. 

By  Summers  never  dried, 

Had  cooled  ten  thousand  parching  tongues, 
And  saved  a  life  beside ! 

A  dreamer  dropped  a  random  thought, 
’Twas  old,  and  yet  was  new — 

A  simple  fancy  of  the  brain, 

But  strong  in  being  true ; 

It  shone  upon  a  genial  mind, 

And  lo,  its  light  became 
A  lamp  of  light,  a  beacon  ray, 

A  monitory  flame ; 

The  thought  was  small,  its  issue  great, 

A  watch-fire  on  the  hill ; 

It  sheds  its  radiance  far  adnwn, 

And  cheers  the  valley  still ! 

A  nameless  man  amid  a  crowd 
That  thronged  the  daily  mart 
Let  fall  a  word  of  hope  and  love, 
Unstudied  from  the  heart; 

A  whisper  on  the  tumult  thrown — 

A  transitory  breath  ; 

It  raised  a  brother  from  the  dust, 

It  saved  a  soul  from  death. 

O  germ !  O  font !  O  word  of  love ! 

O  thought  at  random  cast! 

Ye  were  but  little  at  the  first, 

But  mighty  at  the  last! 

—Charles  Mackay. 

* 

A  teacher  in  a  public  school  sewing 
class  rather  surprised  a  woman  by  ask¬ 
ing  her  whether  she  threaded  her 
needle  or  needled  her  thread.  And  the 
surprised  woman  was  still  more  sur¬ 
prised  when  she  took  her  needle  in  the 
right  hand,  and  needled  the  thread  held 
in  her  left,  to  find  how  much  easier  it 
was,  when  she  had  once  ‘‘got  the  hang” 
of  it.  Try  it  and  see. 

* 

The  following  is  a  highly  recom¬ 
mended  clam  chowder  that  contains  no 
pork.  Have  ready  a  generous  pint  of 
chopped  clams,  a  can  of  tomatoes,  three 
small  sticks  of  celery,  two  onions,  two 
boiled  potatoes,  a  dash  of  curry, 
Worcestershire  sauce,  paprika  and  salt. 
After  mincing,  cook  the  celery  and 
onions  in  butter  till  partly  tender.  Slice 
the  potatoes  and  put  all  the  ingredients, 
together  in  a  kettle.  Let  them  cook  for 
about  15  minutes  and  serve  piping  hot 
with  crackers. 

* 

Here  is  a  recipe  for  roasted  cheese, 
which  will  make  a  savory  supper  dish. 
Have  ready  half  a  dozen  slices  of  deli¬ 
cately  toasted  bread,  neatly  trimmed 
and  free  from  crusts;  a  quarter  of  a 
pound  of  cheese,  two  tablespoonfuls  of 
butter,  the  yolks  of  two  eggs,  a  very 
scant  teaspoonful  of  dry  -mustard  or 
less,  as  preferred ;  a  dash  of  paprika,  a 
tiny  pinch  of  cayenne  and  a  scant  half 
teaspoonful  of  salt.  Pound  the  cheese 
and  other  ingredients  to  a  paste.  Spread 
the  mixture  over  the  toast,  which  should 
be  very  slightly  moistened  with  hot 
water.  Place  the  whole  in  a  hot  oven 
and  let  it  stand  for  four  minutes,  or 
until  the  cheese  has  melted  and  is  very 

hot.  Serve  at  once. 

* 

A  friend  buying  supplies  from  a 
wholesale  millinery  house  was  informed 
that  under  the  new  law  going  into  effect 
we  think  May  1,  marabou  feathers 
could  no  longer  be  sold  legally.  Our 
friend  drew  her  marabou  stole  about 
her  shoulders,  and  wondered  whether 
she  could  continue  to  wear  it.  The 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


feather  man  snorted  impatiently,  and 
said :  “That  isn’t  marabou — it’s  turkey 
feathers.”  We  all  know  the  soft,  silky 
fluff  the  turkey  wears  at  the  base  of  his 
feathers,  and  it  appears  that  this  is 
freely  used  to  make  commercial  “mara¬ 
bou.”  It  is  dressed  and  dyed  to  look  as 
well  as  the  real  African  stork’s  plumage, 
and  one  feels  better  to  think  that  the 

beautiful  wild  bird  is  to  be  left  in  peace. 

* 

Plain  taffeta  in  black  and  colors  is 
being  brought  forward  for  Summer 
wear,  and  will  be  used  for  plain  one- 
piece  dresses  and  jacket  suits.  It  is  a 
sensible  fashion,  for  the  taffeta  sheds 
dust  and  is  cool  and  light.  Tailored 
jacket  suits  of  black  satin  are  very 
fashionable  and  handsome;  sometimes 
the  black  is  relieved  by  colored  collar 
and  cuffs  on  the  coat,  or  colored  pipings. 
An  old  black  satin  dress  of  10  years  or 
more  ago,  made  before  pleated  skirts 
came  in,  contains  enough  material  for  a 
modern  jacket  suit,  as  one  of  our 
friends  found  when  turning  out  her 
stores.  Women  of  all  ages  wear  the 
black  satin  or  taffeta  jacket  suits,  but  it 
will  make  an  especially  nice  outfit  for  a 
middle-aged  woman  who  wants  some¬ 
thing  cool,  yet  different  from  light  Sum¬ 
mer  fabrics  or  washing  materials. 

* 

Henry  W.  Johnson,  who  died  re¬ 
cently  at  Lynn,  Mass.,  is  described  as 
the  inventor  of  the  buttoned  shoe, 
which  emancipated  women  from  those 
sad-looking  elastic-sided  gaiters.  Mr. 
Johnson  was  also  a  good  farmer  and 
horticulturist,  we  are  told.  It  seems 
rather  hard  to  realize  that  people  now 
living  can  recollect  a  period  when  the 
buttoned  shoe  was  non-existent,  and 
rubbers  were  a  little-known  luxury. 
We  think  even  now  rubbers  belong  in 
the  luxury  class,  for  we  paid  this  Win¬ 
ter  80  cents  a  pair  for  rubbers  we  paid 
45  cents  for  15  years  ago,  and  they  now 
wear  out  so  quickly  that  we  think  it 
would  be  an  economy  to  go  back  to  old- 
time  pattens.  The  farmer  who  is  asked 
to  let  his  competitor’s  products  across 
the  Canada  line  free  of  duty,  will  be 
cheered  to  know,  that  the  suffering  rub¬ 
ber  manufacturer  who  raises  the  price 
on  the  children’s  rubbers  is  protected  by 
a  duty  of  35  per  cent  ad  valorem. 

My  Jungle  Garden. 

When  we  came  to  live  in  the  cottage, 
we  found  a  shady  angle  at  the  northeast 
side,  where  some  one  had  planted  purple 
flowering  raspberry  canes,  which  had  in¬ 
creased  in  number  until  they  formed  a 
small  jungle,  which  sheltered  two 
kitchen  windows  from  a  too  public  view 
from  the  village  street.  In  Summer  this 
jungle  was  a  mass  of  handsome,  large 
leaves,  over  which  hovered  countless 
wild-rose-shaped  flowers  of  deep  crim¬ 
son  and  magenta.  One  of  the  windows 
reaches  to  the  floor,  and  between  it  and 
the  jungle  was  a  pile  of  rough  rocks,  left 
there  after  repairs  on  the  drain.  Very 
little  sunshine  ever  touches  this  corner, 
and  it  is  damp,  so  moss  began  gradually 
to  grow  on  the  rocks,  and  little  plants 
started  up.  I  often  sat  by  the  long  win¬ 
dow  with  my  work,  and  became  inter¬ 
ested  in  the  little  common,  green  things, 
and  found  them  fresh  and  restful  to  look 
upon,  when  the  kitchen  was  hot,  and  the 
work  monotonous. 

One  Autumn,  a  friend  visited  me,  and 
on  one  of  our  woods  rambles,  we  found 
and  brought  home  some  maiden  hair 
ferns  with  roots,  and  planted  them  beside 
the  rocks.  They  took  kindly  to  the 
shady  place,  and  thrived,  until  now  each 
year  there  is  a  large  cluster  of  the  ex¬ 
quisite,  spreading  fronds.  A  neighbor 
gave  me  some  blood-root  blossoms,  one 
of  which  had  a  root,  and  because  I  dis¬ 
like  to  throw  away  a  living  plant,  I  set 
it  in  the  jungle.  Early  every  Spring, 
it  rewards  me  with  a  number  of  green 
leaves,  like  sheaves  out  of  which  unfold 
the  pure  white  and  gold  flowers.  My 


interest  increased,  and  I  often  brought 
home  from  the  woods  ferns  and  other 
little  plants  for  my  garden.  I  did  not 
always  know  their  names,  but  they  were 
pretty  and  refreshing  and  woodsy,  and 
I  loved  to  have  them  near  me. 

The  raspberry  canes  had  to  be  cut 
back,  to  make  room  for  the  smaller 
plants,  but  they  were  undiscouraged,  arid 
still  form  a  beautiful  outer  wall  for  the 
garden.  When  Spring  comes,  there  is 
always  the  joy  of  watching  the  ferns 
start.  The  maidenhair  and  the  oak  ferns 
are  wonderfully  dainty  and  delicate  in 
their  infant  growth.  And  besides  the 
plants  that  I  know  will  come  up,  there 
are  always  new  ones  that  dear  Mother 
Nature  brings  to  surprise  me.  Perhaps 
she  sends  the  seeds  by  the  birds,  for 
they  too  love  my  jungle  garden,  and 
often  visit  it,  thus  doubling  my  pleasure. 
I  now  have  20  differents  kinds  of  ferns, 
and  a  good  number  of  woods  plants,  all 
the  names  of  which  I  know,  for  how 
could  I  fully  enjoy  them  until  I  had 
learned  what  to  call  them? 

If  the  busy  house-mother  thinks  she 
has  no  time  to  make  such  a  garden,  it 
will  be  pretty  and  instructive  work  for 
the  boys  and  girls  to  make  one  for  her, 
where  she  can  spend  a  few  moments  in 
the  early  morning,  or  at  twilight.  My 
word  for  it,  she  will  be  happier,  and 
more  thankful  ai  d  patient,  because  of 
this  nearness  to  the  common,  beautiful 
gifts  of  God.  ELIZA  F.  miller. 


Crullers,  Doughnuts  and  Oleykoeks. 
• — The  bakers  have  surprised  me  by  not 
knowing  any  difference  in  these  names, 
calling  them  fried  cakes  indifferently,  but 
to  old-fashioned  notions  they  are  quite 
diverse  articles.  A  doughnut  is  a  lump 
of  dough,  a  ball,  fried  in  fat,  of  various 
grades  from  plain  raised  ones  to  richer 
baking  powder  ones.  An  oleykoek  is  a 
doughnut  with  a  raisin  in  the  middle. 
Cruller  recipes  are  often  almost  like  soft 
cake,  richer  than  doughnuts,  but  the  name 
refers  to  the  shape.  Etymologically,  the 
cruller  is  a  curled  cake.  Chaucer  says : 
“With  lockes  crull  as  had  been  laid  in 
presse.”  R.  s. 


Dress  the  Youngsters 


with  the  famous, 
finest  quality  .long¬ 
est  wearing  and. 
very  fetching 


(Fifty  Years  the  Standard!)  1 

and  your  children  will 
look  so  stylish  and  up-to- 
date  they’ll  be  models  of 
tidy  appearance.  The 
cost  won’t  be  much —  10c 
and  up  a  yard  —  but  the 
long  wear  will  surprise 
you.  Pacific  Percales 
have  been  for  fifty  years 
the  preferred  percales. 

The  patterns  are  a  revelation,  in  a  large  variety  of 
dainty  creations  as  well  as  in  the  quiet  tones  and  in 
white  and  black. 

Ask  your  dealer  to  show 
and  look  for  this  trade  mark 
the  guarantee  of  most  stylish , 
longest  wear  —  unfadable  — ' 
cotton  sheet  and  do  up  to  the 

If  your  dealer  doesn’t  carry  Pacific  Percales,  write 
us  for  free  samples  and  list  of  retailers  who  will 
supply  you. 

PACIFIC  MILLS  -  BOSTON,  MASS. 


you 


Pacific  Percales 
on  each  piece — 
designs  and 
wash  easy  as  a 
Queen’s  taste. 


TAPESTRY  RUG, 

WOOL,  9x12  ft., 

Art  Squares— 9  x  12 
ft.,  13.25  up.  Fine 
Smyrna  Rugs— 9  x, 

12  ft.,  $6.98.  Mat¬ 
ting— from  13c  a  yard 
up.  Oil  Cloth  —  24c  a 
yard  up.  Linoleum— 41c 
a  sq.  yard  and  up.  Brus¬ 
sels  Carpets— 40c  a  yard 
up. 

Roxboroiifh  Rugs 


$7.48 

Just  think!  Floor 
coverings  as  fine 
as  can  be  made- 
beautiful,  long  last- 
g,  guaranteed,  with 
bright,  fadeless  colors— 
at  regular  manufactur¬ 
er’s  prices ,  one-third  to 
one-half  less  than  retail! 
We  buy  in  big  lots.  You 
know  that  saves  money. 


Just  as  big  bargains  in 
Body  Brussels,  Axmin- 
sters,  Velvets,  Ingrains, 
Wiltons,  Rag  Carpets, 
Carpet  Linings,  Cocoa 
Mats  and  Lace  Curtains. 
Talk  about  handsome 
patterns!  We  have 
them  for  parlor, 
bedroom,  dining 
room  and  kitchen. 


Get  a  postal  right  now, 
and  write  for  our  hand¬ 
some  illustrated  cata¬ 
logue.  It  tells  all  about 
each  article  and  gives 
you  the  exact  low  price. 
Don’t  put  off  writing! 
You  won’t  have  to  buy 
unless  you  want  to,  but 
by  all  means  send  for 
the  catalogue,  and  see 
the  low  prices. 


R0XB0R0UGH  RUG  CO.,  Dept.  377  ,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


A 

Nation t 
of 
" Rapid 
Fire ” 
Eaters 


The  people  of  the  United  States 
are  known  all  over  the  world  as  a 
Nation  of  dyspeptics.  We  don’t  take 
time  to  eat  properly  or  to  eat  proper  food. 

Everyone  would  live  longer — be  healthier, 
feel  better,  do  better  work,  and  do  it  with 
greater  ease  if  more  time  were  taken  in  eating 
and  more  UNEEDA  BISCUIT  eaten.  UNEEDA 
BISCUIT  are  the  most  nutritious  of  all  foods 
made  from  flour.  UNEEDA  BISCUIT  are 
always  fresh,  clean,  crisp  and  good. 
UNEEDA  BISCUIT  are  muscle  mak¬ 
ers  and  brain  builders.  In  short, 
the  National  Soda  Crackers  are 


Uneeda 
Biscuit 


Never  sold 
in  bulk 


s 


!J§|!g§§ Jrffbte  moisture-proof. 

package 

NATiONXl.  BISCUIT  COM  PAN  y1 


•VJtjuu.i 


1011. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKEH 


571 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  patterns  and  measurements 
desired. 

The  semi-princesse  gown  is  a  pro¬ 
nounced  favorite  of  the  season.  The  full 
length  panel  gives  long  lines,  the  fact 
that  the  blouse  portions  and  sleeves  are 
cut  in  one  means  little  labor  and  the 


6987  Scmi-Princesse  Gown, 

34  to  44  bust. 

fact  that  the  skirt  can  be  cut  either  in 
round  length  or  to  clear  the  floor,  makes 
it  adapted  both  to  formal  and  informal 
occasions.  This  dress  is  made  of  the 
eyelet  embroidery  that  is  so  fashionable 
combined  with  flouncing  and  trimmed 
with  banding,  but  the  model  will  be 
found  an  excellent  one  for  all  seasonable 
materials.  It  can  be  made  of  two  differ¬ 
ent  ones,  as  in  this  instance  or  of  one 
throughout  and  will  be  found  equally 
desirable  utilized  in  both  ways.  The 
gown  is  made  with  the  panel,  the  blouse 
and  tire  skirt.  The  blouse  is  made  in 
two  pieces  and  the  skirt  is  cut  in  four 
gores.  The  flounce  is  straight  and  gath¬ 
ered  at  the  upper  edge.  The  full  length 
panel  is  attached  to  blouse  and  skirt  at 
both  sides  and  the  closing  of  the  gown 
is  made  invisibly  at  the  back.  The 
quantity  of  material  required  for  the  me¬ 


dium  size  is  8^4  yards  27  inches  wide, 
5J4  yards  36  or  434  yards  44  if  one  ma¬ 
terial  is  used  throughout ;  2^4  yards  44 
inches  wide  with  2J4  yards  of  flouncing 
18  inches  wide  and  10  yards  of  banding 
to  make  as  illustrated.  The  pattern  No. 
6987  is  cut  in  sizes  for  a  34,  38,  40, 
42  and  44  inch  bust  measure;  price  10 
cents. 

The  smaller  pictures  include  6968, 
over  blouse  with  body  and  sleeves  in 


one,  34  to  42  bust.  234  yards  of  ma¬ 
terial  27  inches  wide,  36  or  44,  or  1% 
yard  44  if  sleeves  are  slightly  pieced,  Y 
yard  27  inches  wide  for  trimming  for 
medium  size.  6990,  blouse  or  over  waist 
for  misses  and  small  women,  14.  16  and 
18  years.  2  yards  of  material  27  or  36 
inches  wide,  1  34  yard  44  for  16  year  size. 
6972,  Empire  nightgown  for  misses  and 
small  women,  14,  16  and  18  years.  434 
yards  of  material  37  inches  wide,  334 
yards  44,  234  yards  of  beading,  2 34 
yards  of  edging,  for  16  year  size.  6994, 
child's  dress  closing  at  side  front,  2,  4 
and  6  years,  with  square  or  high  neck, 
short  or  long  sleeves,  to  be  worn  with 
or  without  a  belt.  3  yards  of  material 
27  inches  wide,  2/  yards  36  or  44, 
yard  of  embroidery,  for  4  year  size. 
6989,  six-gored  skirt,  22  to  32  waist, 
with  high  or  natural  waist  line,  with  or 
without  trimming  band.  &Y  yards  of 
material  27  inches  wide,  434  yards  36, 
434  yards  44  when  material  has  figure 
or  nap,  6  yards  27,  4  yards  36,  334  yards 
44  inches  wide  when  material  has 
neither  figure  or  nap,  for  the  medium 
size ;  price  of  each  10  cents. 


The  Real  Things  of  Home-making. 

When  I  was  yet  young  in  this  house¬ 
keeping  business  of  mine,  I  made  this 
remark  one  day:  “It  does  seem  that, 
no  matter  how  hard  I  work,  there  is 
so  much  that  seems  important  left  un¬ 
done.” 

My  mother  answered :  “And  it  will 
be  that  way  just  as  long  as  you  have  a 
home.” 

I  thought  her  reply  poor  comfort  at 
the  time,  but  I  have  been  glad  many 
a  time  that  she  did  not  condole  with 
me,  but  gave  me  just  the  answer  that 
she  did.  It  set  me  to  thinking.  I 
realized  that,  in  my  zeal,  I  was  making 
a  martyr  of  myself,  and  what  I  thought 
was  ambition  and  industry  was  liable  to 
become  a  restless  discontent.  I  wanted 
so  much  and  thought  that  I,  by  con¬ 
stant  activity  and  thought,  could  accom¬ 
plish  all  that  l  wished.  My  wants  were 
plausible,  to  be  sure,  as  the  results  would 
be  benefiting  others  more  than  myself, 
but  when  I  “rested  on  my  oars”  a  little 
and  thought  the  matter  over,  I  began 
to  separate  the  essentials  from  the  non- 
essentials.  I  do  not  mean  by  non-essen¬ 
tials  in  the  home,  to  class  all  things  ex¬ 
cept  those  needed  for  existence  and 
actual  comfort.  William  Morris  ad¬ 
monished  us  to,  discard  all  that  was  not 
truly  useful  or  beautiful,  but  just  as 
surely  as  one  article  may  be  of  use  to 
one  and  not  to  another,  so  one  may  see 
beauty  in  an  object  that  does  not  appeal 
to  another.  But  our  wants  grow  by 
what  they  are  fed  upon,  and  one  thing 
calls  for  another.  In  the  time  we  allow 
for  the  accomplishment  of  certain 
things,  new  ideas  present  themselves,  and 
we  are  in  a  harness. 

These  ambitions  are  laudable  when  it 
is  not  required  for  their  fulfillment  that 
a  woman  goads  herself  to  tasks  that 
constantly  tax  her  strength,  or  causes 
her  husband  to  be  thrown  into  debt.  The 
end  at  which  she  is  aiming — an  ideal 
home — is  lost  in  the  struggle.  She  has 
worn  away  some  of  the  sweetness  of 
her  nature,  and  lacks  the  breadth  of 
mind  that  comes  from  social  intercourse 
and  a  certain  amount  of  leisure.  The 
most  pitiable  part  is  that  those  for  whom 
she  has  labored  do  not  always  value  the 
motive,  and  see  simply  the  over-worked 
woman,  who  seems  never  to  have  time 
to  enjoy  herself — and  who  really  has  not 
the  inclination?  The  self-effacing  house¬ 
wife  is  not  always  the  most  appreciated. 

I  have  a  friend  whose  nature  and  de¬ 
termination  have  made  her  the  loveliest 
of  home-makers.  She  has  a  husband 
and  two  sons,  keeps  no  help  and  lives 
on  a  farm.  Yet  this  woman  manages 
her  work,  so  that  after  the  supper  dishes 
are  washed,  she  never  takes  sewing  or 
work  of  any  kind  in  her  hands.  In  the 
evenings  it  is  her  plan  to  make  herself 
entertaining  to  her  family.  They  read 
and  play  and  sing  and  have  games.  The 
result  is  that  the  family  circle  is  seldom 
incomplete,  and  the  boys  are  very  slow 
about  sowing  their  wild  oats.  Instead, 
they  are  proud  to  invite  friends  into 
their  home,  confident  of  a  pleasant  time. 
That  woman  is  giving  of  herself  in  a 
manner  that  makes  her  most  beloved 
and  the  sweet  influence  of  such  homes 
travels  we  know  not  where.  We  owe  of 
our  spirit,  as  well  as  the  work  of  our 
hands,  to  those  about  us,  and  when  we 
are  gone,  we  shall  be  remembered  longer 
by  our  cheery  smile  and  exchange  of 
thoughts,  than  by  anything  else.  I  do 
not  mean  by  these  assertions  that  I  like 
to  see  work  neglected,  but  I  do  dread 
to  see  the  craving  for  so  much  that  keeps 
a  family  in  constant  knowledge  that 
things  material  rule  the  home.  Maga¬ 
zines  with  their  enticing  advertisements, 


the  alluring  descriptions  of  modern  de¬ 
partment-store  offerings,  must  be  read 
discreetly. 

It  is  quite  seldom  that  a  couple  start¬ 
ing  out  in  life  are  willing  to  make  just 
such  a  start  as  they  can  really  afford.  In 
nine  cases  out  of  ten  the  girl  receives  no 
such  wholesome  advice  from  her  mother. 
In  our  community  we  had  an  elopement. 
It  had  to  be  so,  for  the  girl  left  a  fine 
home  against  the  wishes  of  her  parents 
to  marry  a  very  poor  young  man.  It 
was  quite  natural  that  both  should  have 
wished  to  strain  every  nerve  to  make  as 
good  a  showing  as  possible,  but  God 
blessed  them  with  strong  minds.  They 
rented  just  such  a  home  as  they  could 
afford,  and  furnished  two  necessary 
rooms.  When  they  saved  enough  money 
they  carpeted  another  room,  then  little 
by  little  furnished  it,  and  so  on  until 
their  home  was  neatly  furnished.  Never 
once  abashed,  I  think  they  really  found 
enjoyment  in  it  all.  Her  parents,  though 
self-made  people,  thought  she  threw  her¬ 
self  away.  We,  as  parents,  often  make 
mistakes  in  instilling  a  false  pride  into 
our  children’s  minds.  The  need  is  to 
be  fine  and  strong,  unashamed  of  being 
poor,  but  steadfast  in  a  scorn  of  debt. 
As  I  write,  I  can  look  about  my  living- 
room  and  see  quite  a  sum  of  money  re¬ 
quired  to  made  it  measure  up  to  my 
sense  of  the  artistic.  Y’et  it  is  com¬ 
fortable  and,  while  I  shall  never  give 
up  my  ideals,  I  trust  God  will  educate 
me  to  know  that  devotion  to  one’s  loved 
ones  means  development  in  one’s  self,  a 
subjugation  of  restless  cravings,  a  gain¬ 
ing  of  poise  and  individuality,  as  well 
as  the  performance  of  my  physical  tasks. 
There  seems  to  me  no  place  so  calculated 
to  develop  individuality  (not  eccentricity) 
as  the  farm  home,  and  it  is  something 
for  our  young  people  to  realize  and  re¬ 
joice  in.  If  William  Brown  is  a  poor, 
unlettered  man,  and  his  son  inherits 
sturdy  convictions  of  honor,  he  will  no¬ 
where  stand  as  good  a  chance  of  becom¬ 
ing  a  factor  as  in  a  rural  community. 

__________  b.  S. 

Life  is  not  so  short  but  that  there  is 
always  time  enough  for  courtesy. — 
Emerson. 

A  single  grateful  thought  toward 
heaven  is  the  most  complete  prayer. — 
Lessing. 


ASK  FOR 


m 


PRINTS 


Cotton  dress -goods  that 
are  substantial  are  by  far 
the  most  economical  because 
they  are  ‘  ‘worthmaking  up.  ’  ’ 

Simpson-Eddystone 

Prints 

have  been  the  standard  cali¬ 
coes  since  1842.  The  thor¬ 
oughness  of  the  olden  times 
has  been  continuously  main¬ 
tained.  These  fabrics  are 
still  the  same  well -woven 
cloths — with  new  and  artis¬ 
tic  designs ;  and  the  deep 
rich  colors  are  fadeless  and 
enduring. 

Show  this  advertisement  to  your 
dealer  when  you  order,  and  don’t 
accept  substitutes.  If  not  in  your 
dealer’s  stock  write  us  his  name 
and  address.  We’ll  help  him  sup¬ 
ply  you. 

|  The  Eddystone  Mf  g.  Co.,  Philad’a 

|  Founded  1842  byWrnSimpson  Sr. 


The  Improved  MONITOR 


MAKES  IRONING  EASY  AND  A  PLEASURE 

Pronounced  “Tho  World’s  Best”  by  over  27.r>.000 
satisfied  customers.  No  hot  stove — easy  to ocerate. 
Heat  regulated  instantly.  SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED. 

Highest  in  quality -lowest  in  price. 
Highly  polished  and  nickel  plated. 

ACENTS  WANTED. 
Write  tor  catalogue  and  terms. 
The  Monitor  Sad  Iron  Co. 
28  Wayne  SI.,  Big  Prairie,  0. 


HARTSHORN 
SHADE  ROLLERS 

Bear  the  script  name  of 

Stewart  Hartshorn  on  label. 

Get  “  Improved,”  no  tacks  required. 

Wood  Rollers  Tin  Rollers 


Tens  of  Thousands 

In  Farm  Kitchens 


The  Hoosier  Kitchen 
Cabinet  gives  you 
more  for  your  money 
than  any  other  cabi¬ 
net.  Notice  how 
much  MORE  goes 
with  the  Hoosier 
with  NO  EXTRA 
CHARGE: 

Metal  flour  bin  with 
sliding  glass  panel  and 
removable  sifter.  Bin 
holds  65  pounds.  Self¬ 
feeding  metal  sugar 
bin.  When  a  scoop¬ 
ful  is  taken  out  the 
same  quantity  drops 
down.  Six  crystal 
glass  spice  cans  with 
aluminum  lids.  Crys¬ 
tal  glass  tea  and  cof¬ 
fee  jars  with  alumi¬ 
num  lids.  Hoosier 


patent  “clock-face” 
want  list.  Great  big 
aluminum  sliding 
work  tabic,  larger  and 
higher  than  a  kitchen 
table.  White  wood  cut¬ 
ting  board  for  bread 
and  meat.  Metal  bread 
and  cake  box.  Plate 
racks, slidlngshelf.  big 
cupboard,  large  com¬ 
partment  for  pots  and 
pans,  cutlery  drawer, 
linen  drawer,  handy 
hooks,  copper  door 
fasteners  and  drawer 
pulls. 

The  cabinet  is  7054 
inches  high  and  40 
inches  wide.  The  depth 
of  the  lower  section  is 
28  inches.  The  cabinet 
is  on  pressed  steel 
ball  bearing  casters. 

“Saves  Miles  of  Steps  for  Tired  Feet” 

Nearly  half  a  million  Hoosier  Kitchen  Cabinets  are  in  use  today.  Tens  of  thousands 
of  these  are  in  farm  kitchens,  where  they  prove  their  biggest  economy  as  time  savers 
and  work  savers. 

Seven  out  of  every  ten  Hoosier  Cabinets  are  sold  on  the  recommendation  of  satisfied 
users.  This  we  know  from  actual  reports  from  Hoosier  licensed  agents.  Women  tell 
us  the  Hoosier  actually  solves  the  help  problem,  reducing  the  kitchen  work  as  much  as 
one  hired  helper  would.  When  hundreds  of  thousands  of  women  find  the  Hoosier  such 
a  blessed  relief  why  should  you  try  to  keep  house  without  it? 

Hoosier  Cabinet 

One  Dollar  a  Week  Puts  This  Cabinet  in  Your  Kitchen 

The  Hoosier  saves  you  the  countless  steps 
you  now  have  to  take  from  the  kitchen  table  to 
the  pantry— and  to  and  from  the  shelves  and 
hooks.  It  saves  you  from  reaching  to  high  shelves. 

It  saves  you  from  the  back-breaking  strain  of  stooping 
over  barrels  and  bins.  It  saves  you  the  whole  bother 
of  assembling  a  dozen  things  for  your  work.  It  brings 
the  kitchen  utensils  and  materials  to  your  finger  tips. 

Here  in  one  spot  40  Inches  wide  you  have  nine-tenths 
the  articles  you  use  in  baking  and  cooking.  Write  us 
and  we  will  send  you  our  EREE  Illustrated  Cabinet 
Bonk.  We  will  also  tell  you  where  you  can  see  the 

Hoosier.  In  nearly  every  community  there  is  a  Licensed  Hoosier  Agent.  The  1 
has  the  Hoosier  License  Sign  in  his  window  is  a  good  man  to  know.  Write  today. 

Hoo<%iPr  NlaniifarturinP’  f'n  ,Ion,c  Office  and  Factory,  J 5  Rich  St.,  New  Castle,  Ind. 

noosier  manufacturing  Go.  gBn  Frunt.i8eo  Branch*  a2S  i»acUIc  Building.  (27> 

World’s  Largest  Makers  of  Kitchen  Cabinets 


Mr.  Husband: 

You  have  riding  plows  and  many  farm 
implements  to  make  your  work  easy  Have 
you  ever  thought  that  your  wife  should 
have  a  step  saver  for  HER  work?  The  old- 
time  kitchen  table  is  as  far  out  of  date  as 
tho  walking  plow  The  Hoosier  Kitchen 
Cabinet  saves  as  much  labor  in  the  kitchen 
as  the  riding  plow  saves  in  tho  field.  Write 
us  NOW  for  our  Kitchen  Cabinet  Book, 
und  learn  how  happy  you  can  make  your 
wife  with  tho  Hoosier. 


The  merchant  who 


Look  for  This  Sign  of  the  Licensed  Hoosier  Agent— a  Good  Man  to  Know 


672 


THE  RT  toaL  N EW-YORKER 


May  6, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

A  “BACK  TO  THE  LAND”  COW. 

I  have  read  the  cow  story  of  F.  N.  B., 
Pine  Bluff,  N.  C.,  on  page  458.  He 
should  not  be  discouraged.  There  are 
stock  farms  in  his  State  that  will  sell 
him  a  good  purebred  cow  at  a  fair 
price,  or  Clemson  College,  S.  C.,  can 
put  him  in  touch  with  good  stock.  A 
good  dairy  cow  ought  to  produce  $65  to 
$125  milk  or  butler  a  year,  giving  not 
less  than  30  pounds  of  milk  per  day,  and 
testing  not  less  than  five  per  cent  butter 
fat.  Being  a  back-to-the-land  man,  I 
know  nothing  about  animals,  but  need¬ 
ing  a  cow  I  got  in  touch  with  a  “re¬ 
liable”  merchant  in  the  nearby  village 
who  had  an  “eight-year-old”  for  sale. 
An  experienced  farmer  acquaintance 
pronounced  the  cow  and  its  vendor 
O.  K.  and  trustworthy  respectively.  I 
soon  found  I  had  been  swindled,  but 
kept  silent,  thinking  to  repair  the  loss 
by  the  “breeding-up”  process,  so  had  the 
cow  bred  to  the  best  bull  on  the  country¬ 
side.  In  due  time  she  dropped  a  likely 
heifer  calf,  which  was  bred  to  a  first- 
class  sire  in  season,  which  in  turn  pro¬ 
duced  twin  heifer  calves.  These  calves 
and  their  dam  I  kept  until  they  were 
nine  months  old,  then  realizing  that  these 
animals  would  never  more  than  pay  for 
their  keep,  sold  them,  getting  $53  for  the 
four.  Other  cow  experiences  have  been 
just  as  interesting  to  me,  and  just  about 
as  unprofitable — but  not  many  of  them, 
for  I  studied  the  situation  and  mended 
my  methods,  while  losing  my  regard  for 
mankind,  but  not  for  the  Jersey  cow. 

Tompkins  Co.,  N.  Y.  e.  f.  w. 


BREEDING  UP  HOLSTEIN  COWS. 

I  have  been  raising  Holstein  cows  for 
the  past  16  years  and  my  father  did  on 
the  same  farm  some  12  years  previous. 
We  milk  about  40  cows  and  have  found 
purchasing  very  unsatisfactory,  because 
when  a  cow  is  for  sale  for  less  than  the 
cost  of  raising  her  there  is  evidently  a 
reason.  She  may  have  tuberculosis,  she 
may  have  some  bad  tricks,  sbe  may  have 
poor  ancestors,  or  the  habit  of  not  pay¬ 
ing  her  board.  I  began  managing  the 
farm  on  my  own  account  March  1,  1896, 
I  have  always  kept  the  best  registered 
Holstein  bull  I  could  get  and  have  raised 
the  heifers  from  the  best  cows.  We 
have  weighed  and  recorded  every  quart 
of  milk  from  each  cow  every  week,  and 
though  progress  has  been  slow  it  is  en¬ 
couraging.  I  give  you  the  actual  sum¬ 
mary  of  the  cows  that  stayed  in  the  barn 
and  finish  52  weeks’  work  for  each  year, 
and  you  will  not  then  wonder  when  the 
heifers  of  my  own  raising  began  to 
milk  the  average  production  raised. 


1897 

10 

cows  averaged  for  52  weeks 

ii  ii  (t  44 

I.bs. 

6,562 

1898 

32 

5,890 

189!) 

39 

it 

it  t 4  44 

6,005 

1900 

20 

n 

it  it  ii 

5,814 

1901 

23 

ii 

ii  ii  (4 

5.626 

1902 

26 

ii 

ii  a  a 

5,889 

1903 

38 

ii 

it  ii  a 

5,238 

1904 

36 

it 

a  a  a 

5,896 

1905 

34 

it 

a  u  a 

6,096 

1 906 

27 

it 

it  41  44 

6,434 

3907 

29 

ii 

ii  44  44 

6,599 

1 90S 

25 

it 

44  44  44 

7.350 

1909 

26 

it 

44  44  44 

7,432 

1910 

22 

“ 

44  44  It 

7,725 

If 

I  had  kept 

25  cows  for  13 

years 

that 

averaged  as 

good  as  my  best 

cows 

I  would  have  $20,000  profit  for  13  years. 
If  I  had  kept  25  cows  averaging  with 
my  poorest,  I  would  have  $19.50  for 
13  years  work.  a.  j.  pierpont. 

Connecticut. 


MORE  EXPERIENCE  WITH  HORSE  COM¬ 
PANIES. 

Possibly  the  story  of  our  experience  with 
horse  companies  will  shed  some  light  and 
probably  act  as  a  smoothing  trowel  on  tbo 
subject.  I  believe  that  W.  E.  Duckwall,  of 
Ohio,  strikes  the  keynote  when  he  says  it 
is  too  bad  that  some  communities  will  not 
buy  a  good  horse  until  a  horse  peddler 
comes  along.  This  one  fact  alone  makes 
tlie  horse  peddler  a  necessary  evil  for  the 
improvement  of  horses  in  far  too  many  sec¬ 
tions  of  this  country.  Who  will  deny  that 
the  breeders  and  importers  are  not  a  great 
boon  in  improving  the  horses  of  this  coun¬ 
try?  The  numerous  horse  breeding  estab¬ 


lishments  of  this  country  cost  millions  upon 
millions  of  dollars  to  supply  the  demand 
and  to  keep  up  their  breeding  stock.  These 
breeders  or  establishments  are  compelled  to 
import  from  France  and  other  foreign  coun¬ 
tries  a  great  number  of  breeding  horses ; 
consequently  these  foreign  breeders  set  the 
price  that  we  must  pay  for  horses  of  the 
right  quality  and  breeding.  Now  this  should 
not  be  the  case.  We  can  raise  just  as  good 
horses  as  any  foreign  country ;  all  we  need 
to  do  is  to  get  the  best,  with  right  breeding 
to  begin  with.  Such  stock  will  cost  no 
more  to  keep  and  will  do  as  much  work 
as  ordinary  bred  horses.  Until  we  do  this 
the  breeder  will  continue  to  import  and 
sell  registered  horses  for  the  best  price  he 
can  get ;  he  has  that  right,  and  it  seems  to 
be  human  nature  to  use  such  right. 

What  is  a  good  registered  draught  horse 
worth?  W.  B.  Otto  says  he  once  sold  a 
Belgian  for  .$2600,  agreeing  to  take  13 
colts  at  five  months  old  as  part  payment. 
The  writer  is  of  the  opinion  that  Mr.  Otto 
got  those  13  colts  on  the  clear,  after  allow¬ 
ing  himself  a  reasonable  profit  on  the  horse 
sold  at  $2600,  and  as  a  support  to  my  opin¬ 
ion  I  will  relate  the  experience  I  have  had 
with  horse  companies.  Like  Mr.  Otto,  I 
have  been  through  the  mill  too,  but  with 
different  results,  as  my  grist  was  heavily 
tolled.  In  March,  1902,  about  25  farmers 
here  organized  a  stock  company  among  our¬ 
selves  for  the  purpose  of  purchasing  two 
rather  good  draught  stallions,  aged  four 
and  five  years.  These  horses  had  been 
shipped  out  by  one  of  the  most  prominent 
stock  farmers  of  Illinois.  The  agent  was 
already  here  with  the  horses,  and  priced 
them  at  $1500  each.  This  price  we  agreed 
to  give,  and  gave  the  agent  in  payment 
three  $1,000  notes,  payable  in  one,  two  and 
three  years,  bearing  interest  from  date. 
The  president  of  our  new  company  endorsed 
the  notes,  which  made  them  as  iron-clad  as 
anyone  could  wish.  A  short  time,  probably 
six  months  after  purchasing  these  horses, 
we  thought  possibly  we  had  paid  too  much 
for  them ;  consequently  we  made  the  com¬ 
pany  who  held  our  $3,000  worth  of  notes 
an  offer  of  $2300  cash  for  them,  which  the 
company  accepted  and  was  promptly  paid 
by  us.  I  dare  say  $1100  or  $1200  each  will 
buy  good  breeding  stallions  of  right  quality 
from  any  of  the  prominent  stud  farms  to¬ 
day.  Why  farmers  will  continue  to  pur¬ 
chase  stallions  from  agents  at  anywhere 
from  $1800  to  $3600  I  cannot  see.  The 
two  horses  purchased  by  us  proved  to  be 
noble  breeders,  and  are  now  looking  as  well 
as  they  did  nine  years  ago.  Neither  one 
has  a  blemish  or  missed  a  season  during 
this  time.  Their  offspring  attracts  buyers, 
who  invariably  come  again.  This  section 
of  Virginia,  with  its  Blue  grass  and  river 
bottom  lands,  is  peculiarly  adapted  to  the 
raising  of  good  horses,  this  fact  being  al¬ 
ready  recognized  by  the  U.  S.  Army  officials, 
who  have  established  a  remount  station 
here  and  are  raising  horses  to  supply  the 
regular  army.  c.  u.  s. 

Front  Royal,  Va. 


PIGS  AND  MOLASSES. 

The  enclosed  was  published  in  the  Con¬ 
necticut  Farmer.  Perhaps  you  might  think 
it  worth  while  to  give  it  space,  as  it  might 
reach  some  who  would  be  helped  by  it.  The 
article  is  a  plain  statement  of  facts. 

Connecticut.  geo.  b.  hyde. 

R.  N.-Y. — Mr.  Hyde  says  that  he  moved 
to  a  farm  and  wanted  to  keep  a  pig.  He 
hesitated  because  he  thought  milk  was  a 
necessity  and  lie  did  not  keep  a  cow.  Then 
he  heard  that  molasses  will  take  the  place 
of  milk. 

“In  October  I  bought  a  pig  seven  weeks 
old  that  was  dropped  September  5 ;  four 
week  later  bought  one  dropped  September 
7.  I  fed  them  one  quart  warm  water,  one 
teaspoonful  of  molasses  thickened  with 
wheat  middlings;  the  second  week  I  doubled 
the  molasses,  and  as  they  grew  kept  in¬ 
creasing  water  and  feed  until  I  was  feed- 
uig  one  quart  of  molasses  per  day  for  the 
two  pigs.  March  23  I  butchered  one  pig 
that  dressed  188  pounds.  The  pig  would 
have  cost  me  12  cents  per  pound,  or  $22.56. 
The  next  morning  a  man  drove  into  my 
yard,  saying  that  lie  would  get  me  12  cents 
for  the  other  if  I  wished  to  sell  it.  It  was 
the  larger  of  the  two,  but  I  intend  to  breed 
it.  The  men  I  bought  the  pigs  from  said 
I  had  beaten  them  all,  and  they  have  lots 
of  milk  to  feed,  also  corn.  I  figure  the 
cost  of  these  pigs  as  follows  : 


DR. 


i  pig  . 

1  pig  . 

20  gals,  molasses . 

Corn  . 

.  5.00 

.  3.00 

.  1.20 

Middlings  . 

Cormneal  . 

.  4.85 

ctt. 

188  lbs.  pork  at  12  cents . 

Manure  . 

$29.25 

. $22 . 56 

$24.56 

$4 . 69 


“I  now  have  one  pig  in  the  pen  that  will 
dress  200  pounds,  that  has  cost  me  $4.69. 
1  have  bought  all  the  feed  ;  the  only  waste 
from  the  house  they  had  was  potato  and 
apple  parings.  I  have  not  fed  swill,  slops 
or  garbage,  but  good  clean  feed.  I  forgot 
to  mention  that  I  found  about  one-half 
bushel  of  charcoal  on  the  place,  giving  them 
a  little  each  day.” 


YOU  Are  Too  Shrewd 
To  Miss  This  Chance. 


SHARPLES 

Tubular  Cream  Separator 
Put  Right  Info  Your  Home 

KTS  JITK?  Tell  us  you  want  to  try  The 
■  World’s  Best  absolutely  free. 


The  Tubular  will  be  delivered  at 
your  home,  set  up,  started,  left  with 
you  for  thorough,  tree  trial.  You  pay 
no  freight — pay  nothing  in  advance — 
go  to  no  trouble— take  no  responsibility. 

The  trial  will  show  you  why  Dairy  Tu¬ 
bulars  produce 
twice  the  skim¬ 
ming  force  of 
others,skimfaster, 
twice  as  clean, 
need  no  disks, 
wear  a  lifetime, 
are  guaranteed 
forever  by  Ameri¬ 
ca’s  oldest 
and  world’s 
biggest 
cream  sepa¬ 
rator  con¬ 
cern. 

We  make  this  offer 
simply  to  prove 
these  facts  to  you. 

Tell  us  to  deliver  a  Tubular  to  you— absolutely 
free.  You  can  afford  the  wear-a-lifetime  Tubular. 
You  cannot  afford  any  “mail  order”  or  other 
(so  called)  cheap  separator  that  lasts  one  year 
on  the  average. 


Other  separators  (all  makes)  taken  in  part  pay¬ 
ment  f  o  r 
new  Tubu¬ 
lars.  Write 
for  catalog 
No.  153 


THE  SnARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO. 

WEST  CHESTER,  I*A. 


Chicago,  III.,  Snn  Francisco,  Cnl.,  Portland,  Ore. 
Toronto,  Con.  Winnipeg,  Can. 


95 

AND  UP¬ 
WARD 


AMERICAN 

SEPARATOR 

SENT  ON  TRIAL.  FULLY 
GUARANTEED.  A  new,  well 

made,  easy  running  separator  for 
$15.05.  Skims  hot  or  cold  milk; 
heavy  or  light  cream.  Different 
from  this  picture  which  illus¬ 
trates  our  large  capacity  ma¬ 
chines.  The  bowl  is  a  sanitary 
marvel,  easily  cleaned.  Whether 
dairy  is  large  or  small,  obtain  our 
handsome  free  catalog.  Address 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO.  BA. 


Death  ihe  Stomach 
,, Worms  Guaranteed 

Wo  will  send  you  100  lbs.  of  1)R. 
HOLLAND’S  DEDICATED  STOCK 
SALT  on  CO  days’  trial  freight 
prepaid.  If  you  derive  no  benefit, 
it  co8t«  you  nothing;  If  you  do,  It 
costs  you  $5.00.  Give  us  your  or¬ 
der  at  ouce. 

The  HOLLAND  STOCK  REMEDY 
COMPANY,  Wellington,  Ohio. 


II  OH.SES 

TIIE  PEECHERON  SOCIETY  OF 
AMERICA 

Has  338  new  members  since  December  1st,  1!)10, 
exclusive  of  the  137  new  members  added  by 
taking  over  the  Porcheron  Registry  Company, 
Columbus,  Ohio.  More  than  3500  stockholders 
March  15th,  1911.  The  only  recognized  Perelieron 
record.  Good  pure  bred  mares  will  do  your  farm 
work  and  raise  more  valuable  colts  than  grade 
mares.  For  information  address  WAYNE 
DINS  M  ORE,  Secretary,  Union  Stock  Yards. 
Chicago,  Ill. 


CO  Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 

DU  at  farmers'  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefieid,  ().  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O. 


DAIRY  CATTXiiE 

REG.  HOLSTEIN  MALE  CALVES 

■  Closely  related  to  champions  of  the  world  ■ 
at  farmers’ prices.  Fine  individuals,  nicely  | 
marked.  Fifty  per  cent  below  value. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Write  today.  B 

F.  H.  RIVENBURGH,  HILLHURST  FARM,  MUNNSVILLE,  N.  Y. 


“Si  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  host  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU.  SOMERVILLE,  N.  J. 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated.  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLST  El  N-FRI  ESI  AN  ASS’N  OF  AMERICA 
F.  L.  HOUGHTON.  SEC- Y.  BO  X  105,  BRATTLEBORO.  VT. 


Robinson’s  HOLSTEINS  are  Producers 

They  are  Tuberculin  Tested.  Forty  just  fresh  and 
that  will  freshen  in  the  next  two  months,  with 
milk  records  from  8,000  to  12,000  lbs.  in  the  last 
year.  V.  D.  ROBINSON,  JfiDMESTON,  N.  Y. 


[ALLAMUCHY  FARM  HOLSTEINS 

Wo  offer  well  bred  bull  calves  out  of  A.  R.  O. 
dams  at  reasonable  prices.  Send  for  list  before 
placing  your  order.  ALLAMUCHY,  N.  J. 


Registered  Holstein  Bulls  ^a^,u,s!3; 

bulls  from  one  month  to  18  months  of  age.  Best  A. 
R.  O.  breeding  and  individuality.  State  your  wants. 

JAKVIS  BUGS.  ....  FI  j  creek,  N.  Y. 


BULLS  FOR  SALE 

We  offer  for  sale  at  our  farm  at  Earl- 
ville,  Madison  County,  New  York: — 

Ono  Registered  Guernsey  Bull,  age  1  year,  7  mos. 
One  Registered  Brown  Swiss  Bull,  age  1  year, 3  mos. 
One  Registered  Brown  Swiss  Bull, ago3  years, 9  mos. 
Address: 

BORDKN’S  CONDENSED  MILK  CO. 
Earlville,  Madison  County,  New  York 

W.  C.  Young,  Supt. 


FOR  SALE-GRADE  GUERNSEYS 

Delmar,  N.  Y. 


Jersey  Bulls  For  Spring  Service 

From  Son  of  "  The  Imported  .Tap.”  Danis  are 
Flying  Fox,  Financial  King,  Stoke  Pogis,  and 
Combination  Blood.  Also  Fertile  Eggs  from 
Young’s  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns,  Wrights  W.  W.van- 
dottos,  and  Tuttle’s  R.  and  S.  O.  R.  I,  Reds.  $1.00 
per  15,  $5.00  per  100.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

SlIELDONCROFT,  Silver  Lake,  Pa. 
Clias.  B.  Dayton, Supt. 


LAUREL  FARM  JERSEYS 

breed  regularly,  and  their  calves  live.  Fern’s  Jubi¬ 
lee  still  heads  tbo  herd.  What  do  you  want? 

Will  also  soil  full  blooded  Morgan  filly,  coming 
2  and  a  beauty,  at  $100. 

J.  GRANT  MOUSE,  Hamilton,  N.  V. 


COW  COMFORT 

V 

Means  additional  profit.  Simple 
durable,  easily  locked.  Foster 
Steel  8  t  u  >i  c  h  I  o  n  a  cannot  be 
opened  by  the  cattle.  Top  and  bot¬ 
tom  chains  permit  froo  head  move¬ 
ment,  standing  or  lying  down,  yet 
keep  cattle  lined  up  and  clean. 
Write  for  new  booklet  showing 
model  stables. 

Foster  Steel  Stanchion  Co., 

906  Ins.  Bldg.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


pm  I  |C  Dll  DP  — From  imported  stock.  Females 

UULLiL  i  U  lu  cheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 


SWIKTE 


LARGE  BERKSHIREvS 

Not  the  cheapest,  but  llio  best.  Special  offering  of 
Spring  pigs,  single  or  mated,  for  breeding.  Cata¬ 
logue  on  application. 

WILLOUGHBY  FARM,  Gettysburg!:,  Pa. 


HOLSTEIN  BULL  CALVES 

ter  Boy,  82729.  for  sale  cheap.  OSWEGO  RIVER 
STOCK  FARMS,  Phoenix.  New  York. 


Breed  Up— Kot  Down^T»ri«S3T2 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  It.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


SWIWE 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelvo  weeks  old.  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENNYAN,  N.Y 


|  ARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD-Special  Offering 
L  of  Service  Boars.  Good  useful  Boars,  $30  to  $10. 
Fancy  Boars  for  the  breeder  and  exhibitor,  $50  and 
up.  They  should  develop  into  800-pound  boars  at 
maturity.  H.  C.  8  H.  B.  HARPENDING,  Dundee.  N.  Y. 


LARGE  YORKSRIRE  PIGS 

Boars  ready  for  service  May  Sl.UUtflbH 

15,  1911.  Clias.  H.  Emeus,  Spring  Hill  Farm,  Binghamton,  N.Y. 


FflR  QAI  C— One  large  Berkshire  Boar  Pig,  $20; 
lUn  OnLL  three  large  Berkshire  Gelts,  $15 each. 
Also  orders  taken  for  pigs.  ,8.  C.  \V.  Leghorn  Eggs, 
$5  per  hundred.  GEO.  L.  FERRIS,  Atwater.  N.Y. 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES." ^ tfS 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  l  sows  bred  to  farrow  In  July ;  late,  toser- 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WA1S0N,  Pioprietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


DUROO  P1GiS,$8.  White  Buff  Rocks  and  Leghorn 
eggs,  $2.  Serene  Wieks,  DeGraff,  Ohio. 


SHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNES,  Oxford.  N.  Y. 


THE  MOST  MONEY  FOR  $1  INVESTED  IN  FOOD 

HAS  BEEN  SECURED  IN  IMPARTIAL  TRIALS  FROM 

THE  GUERNSEY  COW 

Who  won  1st  prize  in  Greatest  Profit  in  Butter  Produc¬ 
tion.  Greatest  return  for  81  invested  in  food.  Best 
color  and  flavor  and  the  best  score  of  Dairy  Products 
In  the  Pan  American  Model  Dairy  Breed  Test.  (The 
only  one  where  all  dairy  breeds  were  represented.) 

The  First  Breed  to  Establish  Advanced  Register 

ou  Basis  of  Years  Records  with  Public  Supervision. 

THREE  GUERNSEY  COWS 
Led  All  Others  in  the  Great 
Iowa  State  Dairy  Cow  Contest 
Full  information  by  addressing 

‘Ihe  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club,  DOLLY  DIMPLE,  ADV.  K.  ci«s. 

Box  R  Peterboro,  N.  H.  “The  most  remarkable  heifer  in  the  world.- 


1911. 


THE!  RURAb  NEW-VORKER 


673 


FEEDING  PROBLEMS. 

Under  this  heading  we  enucavor  to  give  advice 
and  suggestions  about  feeoi  r.g  mixtures  of  grains 
and  fodders.  No  delinite  rules  are  given,  but  the 
advice  is  based  upon  experience  and  average 
analyses  of  foods.  i!y  “orotein”  is  meant  tho 
elements  in  the  food  which  go  to  matte  muscle  or 
loan  meat.  “Carbohydrates”  comprise  the  starch, 
sugar,  etc.,  which  make  fat  and  provide  fuel  for 
the  body,  while  “fat”  is  the  pure  oil  found  In 
foods.  Dry  matter”  means  the  weight  of  actual 
food  left  in  fodder  or  grain  when  all  the  water  is 
driven  off.  A  “narrow  ration”  means  one  in  which 
the  proportion  of  protein  to  carbohydrates  is  close 
—a  “wide”  ration  means  one  which  shows  a  larger 
proportion  of  carbohydrates. 


Ration  for  Guernseys. 

Will  you  give  me  a  balanced  ration  for 
purebred  Guernsey  cows  weighing  about  900 
pounds,  part  of  which  are  fresh  V  We  have 
mixed  clover  hay,  good  silage  and  cobmeal. 
Our  cobmeal  is  as  follows:  Three  bushels 
of  corn,  26  quarts  of  oats  and  12  quarts  of 
India  *vheat.  We  can  got  the  following 
grains  at  our  local  grain  station  :  Linseed 
meal,  $2  per  hundred;  bran  $1.(10;  cotton¬ 
seed  meal,  $1.65;  gluten,  $1.45.  We  sell 
our  cream  for  butter  purposes,  w.  c.  c. 

New  Hampshire. 

A  good  ration  for  your  Guernseys 
would  be  four  pounds  of  the  mixed  cob 
meal  you  mention,  two  pounds  cotton¬ 
seed  meal,  one  pound  gluten  feed  and 
two  pounds  wheat  bran.  This  will  make 
nearly  a  balanced  ration  and  produce  a 
good  flow  of  milk.  c.  S.  G. 

Changing  from  Silage. 

Will  you  give  me  balanced  ration  for 
grade  Holsteins?  One-third  of  them  fresh- 
cued  last  Fall,  the  remainder  about  this 
time.  I  have  been  feeding  silage  all  Win¬ 
ter  with  mixture  of  ground  feed.  The  sil¬ 
age  I  find  will  not  last  longer  than  April 
20.  I  contemplate  cutting  my  hay  with  sil¬ 
age  cutter  and  steaming  same,  mixing  corn- 
meal  with  it.  Will  this  lilan  help  me  out? 
I  have  oats  and  barley  that  I  grind  on  tho 
farm.  I  pay  $24  for  cornmeal ;  $35  for 
Ajax  ;  $35  for  cotton-seed  meal  ;  $27.30  for 
ground  buckwheat;  also  gluten  can  lie  had. 

New  York.  it.  it.  h. 

When  your  silage  is  nearly  gone  dis¬ 
continue  feeding  it  very  gradually  so  the 
change  of  feed  will  not  seriously  affect 
your  milk  production.  I  do  not  think 
it  would  pay  you  to  cut  and  steam  your 
hay.  I  would  prefer  feeding  it  just  a:? 
it  is,  and  if  it  contains  a  little  clover 
or  Alfalfa  so  much  the  better.  To  take 
the  place  of  silage  you  could  use  some 
dried  beet  pulp  if  available  until  grass 
grows.  If  this  is  not  available  you 
should  feed  about  one  pound  of  oil 
meal  per  day  to  each  cow  in  full  flow 
of  milk.  The  remainder  of  the  grain 
ration  should  be  composed  about  as  fol¬ 
lows;  Two  pounds  cotton-seed  meal, 
four  pounds  dried  distillers’  grains,  and 
two  pounds  cornmeal  or  three  pounds 
oats  and  barley  ground  together.  Regu¬ 
late  the  quantity  according  to  the 
amount  of  milk  each  cow  is  giving. 

Ration  for  Work  Horses  and  Mules. 

Will  you  tell  mo  how  to  make  a  balanced 
ration  for  work  mules  and  horses?  I  have 
shelled  corn  and  oats,  Alfalfa,  mixed  feed, 
as  follows:  Brewers’  grains,  oil  meal,  cane 
molasses  and  Alfalfa,  all  ground  up  to¬ 
gether  and  mixed ;  mixed  hay  and  Alfalfa 
hay.  What  proportion  of  this  feed  would 
keep  work  stock  up,  that  is,  working  hard 
every  day  ?  M.  s. . 

West  Virginia. 

I  do  not  know  that  I  understand 
about  the  mixtures  of  feed  you  men¬ 
tion,  but,  as  a  rule,  in  feeding  horses 
and  mules  it  is  necessary  to  feed  them 
according  to  the  work  they  are  doing, 
and  their  digestion  must  be  kept  in 
proper  condition  at  the  same  time.  This 
necessitates  knowing  something  about 
the  composition  of  the  different  feeding 
stuff's  and  their  effects  upon  the  animals 
fed.  I  would  use  corn,  oats  and  brew¬ 
ers’  grains  mixed  about  equal  parts  for 
the  principal  grain  feed.  As  oil  meal, 
cane  molasses  and  Alfalfa  all  have  a 
loosening  effect  only  enough  of  these 
feeds  should  be  fed  to  keep  the  horses 
and  mules  from  becoming  constipated. 
This  can  easily  be  determined  after  a 
little  experience,  but  it  will  be  found 
that  different  animals  are  affected  dif¬ 
ferently  and  the  nature  of  the  work 
performed  also  has  its  influence,  so  the 
skill  of  the  feeder  must  be  relied  upon 
to  a  great  extent  to  determine  the  dif¬ 
ferent  proportions  which  it  is  safe  and 
proper  to  feed.  C.  S.  G. 

Value  of  Oat  Hay. 

J.  J.  P.,  Skotchegan,  Me. — I  think  about 
sowing  some  oats  to  cut  green  for  bay.  I 
have  been  told  that  it  would  cause  cows 
to  drop  their  calves  ahead  of  time.  Is 
this  so?  Is  it  all  right  to  feed  to  horses 
and  sheep? 

Ans. — You  need  have  no  fear  of  feed¬ 
ing  oat  hay  to  cows.  I  do  not  think 
there  is  the  slightest  danger  of  this 
fodder  causing  cows  to  lose  their  calves. 
Oat  hay  is  fed  by  many  experienced 
dairymen,  and  I  have  fed  it  with  good 
results  and  never  noted  any  ill  effects. 
It  is  not  as  valuable  as  clover  as  a  milk 
producer,  but  is  somewhat  ahead  of 
Timothy.  It  should  he  fed  out  early  in 
the  Winter,  if  possible,  as  it  is  likely  to 
be  badly  injured  by  mice  and  rats  if 
remaining  long  in  the  mow.  Oats  and 
peas  sown  together  make  a  more  pala¬ 
table  and  nutritious  hay  than  oats  alone, 
although  somewhat  harder  to  cure.  This 


mixture  should  be  cut  when  the  oats  are 
in  the  milk  stage.  This  hay,  as  well  as 
clear  oat  hay,  is  good  for  horses  and 
sheep;  in  fact,  for  wintering  idle  horses 
it  makes  almost  an  ideal  ration.  I  would 
sow  'somewhat  thicker  than  if  the  grain 
were  allowed  to  ripen.  In  cutting  with 
a  reaper  you  would  have  the  advantage 
of  a  cleaner  fodder,  for  the  hunches  are 
thrown  one  side,  leaving  a  clear  track 
for  the  horses  and  machine  next  time 
around.  Running  over  them  with  a 
mower  and  afterwards  raking  with  a 
horse  rake  would  be  sure  to  mix  a  cer¬ 
tain  amount  of  soil  and  dust  with  the 
hay.  c.  s.  m. 


ALFALFA  MAKES  GOOD  STOCK. 

Since  the  advent  of  Alfalfa  in  our  State 
there  has  come  new  development  in  stock. 
Particularly  is  this  true  in  hogs  and  cattle 
among  the  purebreds.  Alfalfa,  which  is 
now  grown  on  almost  every  farm  through¬ 
out  the  central  and  eastern  portion  of  our 
State,  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  greatest 
feeds  in  compounding  a  balanced  ration  for 
farm  animals  ever  discovered ;  especially 
has  it  aided  in  a  better  bone  and  muscle 
development,  consequently  larger  growth. 
We  notice  larger  hogs  here  than  Past, 
of  the  same  breeds.  On  my  own  farm, 
where  1  breed  purebred  hogs  and  cattle,  I 
am  of  late  years  getting  more  size,  which 
is  an  important  fa-etor.  especially  where 
quality  is  still  maintained.  Our  Red-Polled 
cattle  are  larger,  especially  the  females, 
than  the  same  breed  In  Eastern  States.  The 
same  is  true  of  our  Phland-China  swine; 
a  large  per  cent  of  the  ration  for  our  hogs 
especially  for  the  broods  sows  and  young 
animals  Is  Alfalfa.  For  hogs  I  grind  the 
Alfalfa  nearly  as  fine  as  shorts  are  ground 


at  the  grist  mill.  I  have  my  own  cutter 
and  grinder,  run  with  gas  engine  power. 
While  in  the  more  densely  populated  dis¬ 
tricts  of  the  Eastern  States,  stock  growing 
and  general  farming  is  conducted  on  differ¬ 
ent  principles,  especially  regarding  the  cat¬ 
tle  industry  as  more  dairying  is  done,  yet 
where  any  sort  of  a  dual-purpose  cow  is 
used  it  is  essential  that  growth  be  a  con¬ 
sideration.  as  well  as  milk  development. 
Wheat,  oats,  corn  and  hay  are  produced, 
as  well  as  various  kinds  of  live  stock,  such 
as  horses,  cattle,  sheep  and  swine.  It  Is  a 
section  where  diversified  farming  or  mixed 
husbandry  Is  the  rule,  aud  great  interest  is 
taken  in  producing  good  live  stock,  espe¬ 
cially  cattle  and  hogs.  Three  •  considera¬ 
tions  in  the  later  are  paramount,  size,  pro¬ 
lificacy  and  quality.  The  first  is  an  out¬ 
standing  improvement  over  the  eastern 
breeder,  in  the  lard  or  fat-back  breeds,  such 
as  Polffnd  Chinas,  Durocs  and  Berkshires, 
which  are  the  three  mostly  grown. 

.  Nebraska.  sam  m’kelvie. 


Tax  on  Milk. — In  England  a  very  large 
share  of  the  public  revenues  is  raised  from 
income  taxes.  All  sorts  of  devices  arc  prac¬ 
ticed  to  increase  taxable  property.  For  ex¬ 
ample,  not  long  ago  dairy  farmers  began 
to  receive  a  circular  instructing  them  to  tell 
how  much  money  they  received  from  tho  sale 
of  milk  as  distinct  from  other  farm  prod¬ 
ucts.  Upon  hunting  up  the  matter,  the  law¬ 
yers  found  that  the  English  law  states  that 
when  any  land  occupied  by  a  dealer  in  cat¬ 
tle  is  not  sufficient  for  the  maintenance  of 
the  cattle  kept  on  said  lands,  so  that  the 
rent  as  annually  valued  cannot  afford  a  just 
estimate  of  the  profits,  the  collector  may 
call  for  a  return  of  such  profits  and  the 
charge.  The  idea  is  that  if  the  farmer  kept 
more  cows  than  his  land  would  properly 
support  and  buys  grain  and  hay  to  feed 
them,  tho  government  could  collect  taxes  on 
the  surplus’  that  is,  upon  the  extra  milk 
sent  away  from  the  farm  above  what  the 
land  itself  may  bo  said  to  produce.  Here 
is  a  new  wrinkle  in  taxation.  The  farmers 


are  getting  around  it  by  claiming  that  they 
buy  the  extra  grain  and  hay  in  order  to 
keep  up  the  fertility  of  their ‘land. 

“Come  Back.”* — As  for  Missy,  of  the  Glen, 
why  cannot  she  “come  back?”  I  note  iu 
a  recent  issue  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  a  quotation 
from  the  New  England  Homestead,  stating 
that  in  establishing  these  high  records,  ani¬ 
mals  are  driven  almost  to  the  breaking 
point,  and  their  permanent  welfare  is  prac¬ 
tically  forfeited  for  the  temporary  gain.  Is 
this  so?  Did  not  .Tacoba  Irene  come  hack 
when  she  produced  42,064  pounds  14.4 
ounces  milk  with  butter  fat  equivalent  to 
make  2,755  pounds  3.8  ounces  butter  83 
per  cent  fat,  all  iu  37  continuous  months 
from  December  19,  1905,  to  January  25, 
1909?  She  calved  on  May  22,  1904,  De¬ 
cember  11,  1905,  December  19,  1906,  and 
January  24,  1908,  and  all  calves  have  been 
registered.  w.  f.  k. 

Ohio. 

Consider  the  Profit.— I  am  tho  only 
breeder  of  purebred  animals  in  this  section 
aud  I  hardly  feel  myself  competent  to  tell 
anyone  how  to  improve  his  herd.  1  have 
been  breeding  for  10  years,  and  while  I 
know  I  have  made  some  advance,  I  have 
failed  in  getting  my  ideal,  but  my  experi¬ 
ence  has  been  that  to  make  any  advauce  is 
to  buy  as  good  a  sire  as  possible  and  breed 
to  the  best  cows.  I  think  a  great  many 
make  a  mistake  in  trying  for  large  yields 
and  not  looking  closely  enough  to  the  eco¬ 
nomical  side  of  production.  I  ‘  have  cows 
that  will  make  butter  fat  for  11  cents  a 
pound,  and  some  will  go  as  high  as  17  cents, 
so.  while  we  must  work  for  quality,  we 
must  not  forget  to  see  what  it  js  costing. 
I  would  rather  have  a  cow  that  would  make 
me  a  pound  of  fat  a  day  and  show  a  profit 
than  one  that  will  make  me  two  pounds 
and  show  a  loss.  I  have  been  through  the 
little  red  cow  period,  and  know  that  while 
some  will  give  a  large  llow  for  a  while,  they 
are  apt  to  go  dry  about  four  or  five  months 
in  the  year.  henry  w.  evans. 

Maine. 


Dried  Beet  Pulp  Has  Made  Good 

The  reports  below  show  how  YOU  can  increase  your  milk  production — show  how  YOU  can 
make  more  money  from  every  cow  you  own  and  cut  down  your  present  feeding  expenses.  The  re¬ 
ports  shown  here  are  but  a  few  of  thousands.  And  each  each  one  of  these  practical  dairymen  purchased 
their  trial  of  Dried  Beet  Pulp  on  a  POSITIVE  GUARANTEED  BASIS,  the  same  as  you  may  do. 
See  how  the  Dried  Beet  Pulp  ration  increased  the  milk  supply  from  day  to  day.  Here’s  the  proof: 

Read  How  it  is  Increasing  the  Milk  Production 


Dried  Beet  Pulp  vs.  Bran 

Before  Using 

While  Using 

Dried  Beet  Pulp 

Dried  Beet  Pulp 

Day’s  Ration 

Day’s  Ration 

5  lbs,  BRAN 

5  lbs.  DRIED  BEET  PULP 

21  lbs.  G-luten 

2J  lbs.  ( J I ii t o ii 

2}  lbs.  Middlings 

[24  lbs.  Middlings 

1  lb.  Oil  Meal 

1  ib.  Oil  Meal 

Mixed  Hay— Dry  Fodder 

Mixed  Hay— Dry  Fodder 

Milk  Produced — 20  Cows 

February  1-400  lbs. 

February  8— 410  lbs. 

“  2—410  IDs. 

“  9—415  IDs. 

“  3-400  ll>s. 

“  10  417  11)3. 

“  4-408  lbs. 

“  ll—4251hs. 

“  5-410  lbs. 

"  12-431  ibs. 

6-405  lhs. 

“  13-435  lhs. 

“  7-400  lhs. 

“  14-440  lhs. 

Signed, 

JOHN  WILLIAMS, 

- 

White  Haven,  Pa. 

Dried  Beet  Pulp  vs.  Silage 

Before  Using 

While  Using 

Dried  Beet  Pulp 

Dried  Beet  Pulp 

Day’s  Ration 

Day’s  Ration 

20  lhs.  ENSILAGE 

4  lhs.  DRIED  BEET  PULP 

4  lhs,  Corn  ami  Oats 

4  lbs.  Corn  and  Oats 

4  lhs.  Gluten 

4  lhs.  Gluten 

16  lbs.  Hay 

16  lbs.  Hay 

Milk  Produced  -  1  Cow 

January  19—36  ibs. 

January  26—37  lhs. 

“  20  26  lbs. 

27—37  lhs. 

“  21— 37  lbs. 

“  28-38  Ibs. 

“  22—36  lbs. 

“  29-40  Ibs. 

“  23-37  lhs. 

“  30—41  IDs. 

“  24  36  IDs. 

“  31—43  lhs. 

“  25  36  lbs. 

February  1—43  lbs. 

COMMENTS:— To  any  person  interested  in  BeetPulnT 

can  safely  say  it,  is  a  good  milk 

producer  and  J  have  used  it 

on  ten  cows  and  have  raised  the  llow  of  milk  from  4  to  7  lhs 

a  cow.  This  cow  lias  been  in  milk  three  months  and  it  gave 

her  a  test  of  5.8.  Signed, 

It.  L.  EVERY,  Delhi,  N.  Y. 

Dried  Beet  Pulp  vs.  Several  Feeds 

Before  Using 

While  Using 

Dried  Beet  Pulp 

Dried  Beet  Pulp 

Day’s  Ration 

Day’s  Ration 

6  ibs.  Mill  Feed 

4  IDs.  DRIED  BEET  PULP 

1  Ib.  Cotton  Seed,  41cS  Pro. 

5  lhs.  Mill  Feed 

1  lh.  Oil  Meal,  O.  1‘. 

1  lb.  Cotton  Seed  Meal 

21  lbs.  Alsike  Clover 

19  lhs.  Alsiko  Clover 

Milk  Produced— 5  Cows 

March  9—124}  lbs. 

March  23—139  lbs. 

"  10—125}  lbs. 

“  24—140  Ibs. 

"  11  — 123}  lbs. 

25—142  Ibs. 

“  12  125  lbs. 

“  26-142  lbs. 

“  13-126  lhs. 

“  27—144  lhs. 

“  14-125  lhs. 

“  28—143  lbs. 

“  15-124  lbs. 

29-144  lbs. 

COMMENTS: — If  I  hadn’t  gained  a  pound  of  milk  1  would 

he  ahead  by  feeding  Beet  Pulp, 

as  my  cows  look  and  feel  so 

much  better.  1  am  also  feeding  l  lb.  a  day  to  some  heifers 

that  will  soon  freshen  and  can  almost  see  their  bags  grow.  It 

is  just  like  June  pasture.  Signed,  1<  RANK  L.  BAKER, 

Wellsboro,  Pa. 

Dried  Beet  Pulp  as  an  Addition  to  Ration 


Before  Using 
Dried  Beet  Pulp 
Day’s  Ration 

3  lbs.  Sugarine 
3  lbs.  Gluten 
2  lbs.  Hominy 
Hay 


While  Using 
Dried  Beet  Pulp 
Day’s  Ration 

3  lbs.  Sugar! no 
3  lbs.  Gluten 
2  lbs.  Hominy 
Ulbs.  DRIED  BEET  PULP 
Hay 

Milk  Produced — 13  Cows 

January  10—275  lbs.  January  19-285  lbs. 

1 1— 275  lbs.  “  20—296  lbs. 

12— 273  lbs.  “  21-300  lbs. 

13—  274  lbs.  •'  22-295  lbs. 

14— 278  lbs.  “  23-322  lbs. 

15—  270  lbs.  “  24— 323  lbs. 

16—  270  lbs.  “  25— 327  1  its. 

COMMENTS:— In  regard  to  the  feeding  of  Dried  Beet 

Pulp,  I  have  to  say  that  my  cows  have  done  a  great  deal  better 
since  feeding  Dried  Beet  Pulp  than  before.  My  cows  were 
bothered  with  indigestion  until  I  began  feeding  the  Pulp, 
Since  then  I  have  not  had  any  trouble.  The  feed  has  been 
worth  nearly  one-half  the  price  for  the  condition  of  mv  cows 

Signed,  LESLIE  THOMPSON, 

Delhi,  N.  Y. 


We  Guarantee  You  Satisfaction  or  Give  You 

If  you  have  not  already  tested  Dried  Beet  Pulp  we  make  it  easy 
for  you  to  try  it.  Where  a  local  dealer  sells  Dried  Beet  Pulp  all  you 
need  to  do  is  to  get  a  sack,  mix  from  three  to  five  pounds  in  any 
properly  balanced  ration,  (note  the  reports  above  for  good  result¬ 
getting  mixtures)  cutting  out  an  equivalent  amount  of  grain 
or  roughage,  and  if  by  the  time  the  sackful  i9  used  up  the  results 

are  not  satisfactory  you  can  go  to  the  dealer  and  GET  YOUR  MONEY  BACK. 
Every  dealer  has  our  authority  to  sell  you  a  sack  on  this  guarantee. 

If  no  dealer  is  near  you,  we  will  be  glad  to  make  a  direct  shipment  on  the  same 
guarantee.  Use  one  sackful  and  if  not  satisfied  report  to  us.  We  will  return  the 
entire  purchase  price  and  take  back  the  unused  sacks.  Write  us  at  once.  Here’s  a 
coupon.  Fill  it  out  NOW  and  mail  it  at  once. 

The  Larrowe  Milling  Co.,  632  Ford  Bldg.,  Detroit,  Mich- 


Your  Money  Back 

r™  COUPON 

I  The  Larrowe  Milling  Co. 

632  Ford  Bldg.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

(I’m  interested  in  your  claims,  and  I  wish  you 
would  give  me  the  exact  cost  of  Dried  Beet  Pulp 
delivered  to  my  station.  Also  send  me  a  copy  of 
your  hook  “Feeding  for  Larger  Profits,”  and  small 
mail  sample. 

I  My  dealer’s  name  it ...  . . 

I  His  address  is . . . 

My  name  it . 

I  Town . State . 

Railroad  Station . 


574 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


May  G, 


THAT  CELEBRATED  GUERNSEY  CASE. 

Did  Missy  Give  Nine  Per  Cent  Milk  ? 

Part  IV. 

Did  I  understand  you  to  say  that  a 
“ doctored ”  five  per  cent  milk  analyzed 
about  the  same  as  this  sample  of  Missy’s 
milk ?  J.  L.  \v. 

You  did.  You  have  seen  what  Prof. 
Smith  found  in  the  sample  said  to  be 
given  by  the  cow  Missy.  You  will  re¬ 
member  that  this  cow,  when  watched  by 
outside  parties,  gave  a  milk  containing 
about  five  per  cent  of  fat.  A  sample  of 
normal  milk  containing  about  five  per 
cent  fat  was  taken.  To  this  was  added 
sufficient  cream  to  give  just  about  the 
same  analysis  as  Missy’s  milk  showed. 
See  how  close  they  come  to  it : 


“Missv’s 

Milk  with 

Milk.” 

Cream  Added 

Total  solids  . 

_ 17. SI 

17.97 

Fat  . 

9.1 

Solids,  not  fat.  .  . 

...  8.83 

S.S7 

Ash  . . 

.  .  .  .  0.686 

0.68 

Proteids  . 

_  3.44 

3.67 

No  one  has  yet  shown  a  sample  of 
normal  milk  like  that  claimed  for  this 
cow.  Yet  we  see  that  it  is  easily  matched 
by  adding  cream  to  just  about  such  milk 
as  the  inspectors  found  Missy  giving. 
You  will  remember  that  this  special 
committee  engaged  Prof.  Sherman  to 
hunt  up  abnormal  samples  of  milk  to 
demonstrate  that  this  “liquid  butter  ’ 
from  Missy*  was  possible.  He  found 
some  odd  samples,  as  we  have  shown, 
yet  in  summing  up  the  case  Prof.  Sher¬ 
man  says  convincingly  on  page  67  of  the 
report:  “In  none  of  these  cases  here 
given,  whether  normal  or  abnormal,  do 
we  find  a  distribution  of  constituents 
such  as  would  result  from  the  addition 
of  cream  to  ordinary  milk.” 

Yet  as  we  show  above  cream  actually 
added  to  normal  milk  almost  exactly 
duplicated  Missy’s  “liquid  butter.”  In 
addition  to  this  the  leading  dairy  experts 
of  the  country  agree  that  Missy’s  milk 
plainly  indicated  that  such  addition  of 
cream  had  been  made.  Yet  in  the  face 
of  all  this  that  special  committee  actu¬ 
ally  said  in  its  report: 

“There  is  no  evidence,  however,  to 
shozv  that  cream  zvas  added  to  the  milk, 
or  that  it  zvas,  in  any  zvay,  deliberately 
tampered  zvith.” 

It  is  now  up  to  the  committee  to  stand 
up  and  say  what  they  call  evidence  if 
this  is  not,  or  what  proof  they  ask  for 
that  this  milk  is  suspicious,  if  these 
opinions  and  this  sample  is  not  suen 
proof?  We  venture  to  say  there  is  not 
one  of  them  who  if  on  a  grand  jury 
would  not  hold  a  man  for  trial  when 
such  evidence  was  offered.  W  hy  then 
whitewash  the  cow  or  rather  her  hand¬ 
lers  ? 

As  we  have  stated,  the  great  argument 
or  excuse  made  to  explain  these  re¬ 
markable  tests  is  that  the  cow  was  suf¬ 
fering  from  foot  rot.  Grant,  for  the 
sake  of  argument,  that  the  cow  was  ac¬ 
tually  sick  November  26  to  30,  what  sort 
of  milk  would  be  expected  from  her? 
We  saw  last  week  the  sort  of  milk 
which  sick  cows  give  in  three  samples 
from  the  German  chemist  Timpe.  There 
were  three  samples  from  cows  sick  with 
foot  rot — all  containing  nearly  twice  as 
much  fat  as  normal  German  milk,  and 
all  with  more  solids  not  fat  than  of 
actual  fat.  Now.  if  this  is  the  effect  of 
foot  rot,  how  did  it  happen  that  Missy 
gave  milk  containing  4.89  per  cent  fat 
when  sick  and  8.98  per  cent  when  she 
was  considered  well,  two  days  later  ? 
The  poor  cow  ought  to  have  known  the 
rule  laid  down  by  that  committee  that 
sick  cows  ought  to  give  milk  higher  in 
fat!  Or  perhaps  some  one  thought  that 
since  “there  is  but  one  Missy  of  the 
Glen”  it  would  be  very  hard  on  the  cow 
and  her  owner  to  let  that  test  drop  from 
9.07  in  October  to  4.89  in  November ! 
You  can  see  for  yourself  what  great 
things  may  be  accomplished  by  putting 
a  little  cream  into  a  sample  of  five  per 
cent  milk ! 


Look  at  it  any  way  you  like — can  you 
get  away  from  the  suspicion  that  this 
sample  of  milk  which  was  to  form  the 
basis  for  a  great  test  was  a  fake  sample? 
Do  you  believe  after  these  figures  and 
expert  opinions  that  Missy  produced 
milk  containing  8.98  per  cent  of  fat  on 
that  day  or  on  any  other  day?  She  did 
not  do  it  when  carefully  watched  by  the 
experts,  and  you  can  now  readily  see 
why  we  insist  that  the  cow  must  “come 
back”  with  some  of  that  nine  per  cent 
milk  before  the  suspicion  is  wiped, out. 

We  think  this  committee  should  have 
taken  the  bull,  or  the  cow,  by  the  horns 
and  plainly  stated  that  while  these  sus¬ 
picious  circumstances  surrounded  the 
test,  it  must  not  become  a  part  of  offi¬ 
cial  Guernsey  history.  That  is  the  feel¬ 
ing  of  a  large  majority  of  the  Guernsey 
breeders.  When  it  becomes  evident  that 
breeding  injunctions  is  more  profitable 
than  breeding  cows  the  Guernsey  Cattle 
Club  would  far  better  go  out  of  busi¬ 
ness.  Who  do  the  Guernsey  breeders 
think  will  have  any  respect  for  their 
tests  or  “advanced  registry”  if  they  are 
obliged  to  admit  that  their  star  perform¬ 
ance  is  a  judge-made  record  by  a  cow 
tied  to  a  grave  suspicion? 

LIVE  STOCK  IN  THE  SOUTH. 

Not  until  a  few  years  ago  did  the  South¬ 
ern  people  give  any  attention  to  the  live 
stock  industry.  We  are  now  waking  up 
to  the  opportunities  of  the  South,  and  I 
am  looking  forward  within  the  next  few 
years  to  see  a  great  improvement.  We 
have  improved  our  herd  of  dairy  cows  by 
keeping  a  record  and  weeding  out  the 
boarders.  We  are  now  trying  to  improve 
on  their  ancestors  by  introducing  new 
blood  and  keeping  the  heifer  calves  from 
the  best  cows.  w.  d.  byrd. 

South  Carolina. 


Pig  Experience. — I  am  a  mechanic  em¬ 
ployed  in  a  local  factory;  also  am  a  would- 
be  farmer.  I  have  a  place  of  about  seven 
aeVes  on  outskirts  of  city.  About  two  years 
ago  I  conceived  the  idea  of  raising  pigs, 
so  got  one  along  in  June.  I  had  good  suc¬ 
cess,  butchered  in  late  November,  hog  weigh¬ 
ing  in  neighborhood  of  250  pounds,  and  nice 
pork.  I  thereupon  bought  a  pair,  sow  and 
barrow  (now  keep  an  eye  on  the  sow).  This 
sow  was  smallest  of  litter,  but  as  she  grew 
and  thrived  and  nearly  caught  up  to  the 
barrow  in  size  I  resolved  to  go  the  limit 
in  a  small  way  in  the  pig  business,  so  at 
about  eight  months  old  I  bred  her  with  the 
idea,  if  I  found  anything  in  it,  of  selling 
the  pigs,  saving  a  couple  of  sows  from  the 
litter  and  fattening  the  old  one  in  Fall. 
Right  here  is  where  the  joke  comes  in.  The 
?ow  farrowed  11  nice  healthy  pigs,  but  not 
i  female  in  litter.  Did  any  reader  ever 
Know  of  similar  litter?  Sow  is  due  to  pig 
again  in  two  weeks.  r.  d.  n. 

New  Britain,  Conn. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


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THE  urgency  of  speeay  success  means  all  in  all  to 
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p.  P.  D.  No.  2,  Marshalltown,  la.,  Dec.  10,  1910. 

Troy  Chemical  Co.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y.  r  My  contract  No.  was 
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shrunken  to  skin  and  bone.  One  of  tho  state  veterinaries  and 
others  said  ho  would  not  bo  worth  a  sou.  I  gave  a  pig  and  50c 
for  him  and  used  tho  bottle  of  ^Save-Thc-Horso*’  as  directed, 
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(for  postage  and  packing)  and  get  sample 
and  84-page  valuable  horse  book. 

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Box  282  Old  Town,  Maine 


/^BSORBINE 


from 


I  STOPS 
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horse  can  be  worked.  Page  17  in  pamphlet 
with  each  bottle  tells  how.  $2.00  a  bottle 
delivered.  Horse  Book  9  E  free. 

ABSOKB1NE,  JR.,  liniment  for  man¬ 
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|  Glands,  Goitre,  Wens,  Bruises,  Varicose 
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Box  60,  Cuba,  N.  Y. 


ROBERTSON’S  C  If  A  T  N' 
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“I  have  used  them  for  more 
than  TWENTY  YEARS,  and  they 
have  given  the  very  best  of  satis¬ 
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Justus  H.  Cooley,  M.D.,  Plainfield 
Sanitarium,  Flainfield,  N.  J.fc 
Thirty  days’  trial  on  application 
O.  II.  UOUERTSOX 
Wash.  St.,  Forestville,  Conn. 


rmiMD'C  IMPROVED 
tdKUmD  O  WARRINER 

STANCHION 


Henry  H.  Albertson,  Burl¬ 
ington,  N.  J.,  writes:  “My 
new  Stanchions  add  greatly 
to  the  comfort  of  my  cows.’’ 

WHY  TORTURE 

yours  with  rigid  stanchions? 

Send  for  specifications 
of  inexpensive  yet  sani¬ 
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A  wonderful  remedy  for  softening  and  growing  the  hoof  of 
the  horse.  A  positive  and  speedy  cure  for  Quarter  Crack, 
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NSO 


DR.  HESS  Poultry  PAN-A-CE-A 
Makes  Poultry  Keeping  Pay 

No  doubt  of  it!  Thousands  who  began  in  a  humble  way,  with  a  few  hens  and  "The  Dr.  Hess  Idea” 
of  feeding,  are  to-day  making  good  money  from  poultry. 

Why  ?  Because  Dr.  Hess  Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a  has  put  the  business  on  an  economical  basis.  It  has  elim- 
.  lnated  costly  food  waste  and  brought  about  trofitable  food  consumption.  It  has  done  this  by  strengthen¬ 
ing  the  hen  s  digestive  process  so  that  the  greater  part  of  the  food  she  eats  is  actually  converted  into  flesh  and 
eggs  instead  of  passing  off  as  waste  matter. 

Experience  has  abundantly  proved  that  the  use  of 

DR.  HESS  Poultry  PAN-A-CE-A 

in  small  daily  doses  in  the  soft  feed  (a  penny’s  worth  feeds  30  fowls  one  day)  does,  and  will,  vastly  increase  the  produc¬ 
tion  of  eggs.  It  makes  young  chicks  grow  fast.  It  helps  hens  through  the  moulting  period.  It  fats  old  hens  or  young 
cockerels  for  market  in  a  short  time  and  it  prevents  many  common  poultry  ailments — all  because  it  gives  strong  digestion 
and  a  sound  body.  Sold  on  a  written  guarantee — if  Dr.  Hess  Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a  doesn’t 
do  what  we  claim,  your  dealer  will  refund  your  money.  Remember — "a  poor  - 
ration,  well  digested,  is  better  than  the  best  ration  poorly  digested” — this 
"The  Dr.  Hess  Idea”  of  feeding  which  is  making  poultry  keeping 
a  successful  business. 


1%  lbs.  25c;  mall  or  express  40c;  5  lbs.  60c;  12  lbs.  $1.25;  I 
25  lb.  pail  $2.50.  Except  in  Canada  and  Extreme  West  and  South. 

DR.  HESS  &  CLARK,  Ashland,  Ohio. 

Send  2c.  for  Dr.  Hess  43- page  Poultry  Book  Free. 


ami. 


-«fl 


w 


p  r* 


|\R  Ak  I  ATlf  *S  Suaranteed ■  That  means  it  must  and  will  make  your  milch  cow 

la  *  “  1  VVfV  1  ^  glve  more  milk>  Your  fatting  steer,  hog  or  sheep  do  better,  and  your  horse 

show  finer  condition  or  you  get  your  money  back.  No  live  stock  owner  can  afford  to  be  without  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Food 
Feed  twice  a  day  in  small  doses.  Sold  on  a  written  guarantee. 

100  lbs.  $5.00;  25  lb.  pail  $1.60.  Except  in  Canada  and  extreme  West  and  South. 

Smaller  quantities  at  a  slight  advance.  Z 

Send  2c.  for  Dr.  Hess  Slock  Book  Free. 


INSTANT  LOUSE  KILLER  KILLS  LICE 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


675 


RECIPROCITY  AND  NEW  ENGLAND 
MILK. 

The  effect  of  the  reciprocity  treaty  with 
Canada  will  be  to  drive  farmers  over  into 
the  free  trade  fold  as  a  necessary  law  of 
self-preservation,  that  they  may  buy  in  the 
same  free  trade  market  that  they  sell  in. 
Those  who  are  thinking  the  problem 
through  are  unable  to  perceive  any  ethical 
distinction  between  robbery  under  the  form 
of  law  and  robbery  out  of  legal  forms. 
They  regard  the  sale  of  their  products  in 
markets  open  to  the  farm  products  of  other 
nations  as  free  trade  markets  for  their 
products  and  their  compulsory  purchase  in 
our  market,  the  highest  tariff  mar¬ 
kets  of  the  world,  as  a  monstrous  policy 
of  inequity,  and  feel  that  the  policy  is  one 
of  deliberate  sacrifice  of  the  country  to  the 
town  upon  the  cool  proposition  that  it  is 
a  natural  right  of  the  town  to  an  indefinite 
amount  of  free  service  on  the  part  of  far¬ 
mers,  while  it  is  its  privilege  by  law  to 
create  artificial  prices  for  its  products.  It 
is  just  this  and  nothing  less  when  reduced 
to  its  real  terms. 

Now  as  to  milk.  It  is  asserted  by  stu¬ 
dents  of  the  milk  problem  in  Massachusetts 
that  under  the  working  of  the  Saunders 
law,  that  made  one  price  per  can  for  the 
shipment  of  milk,  whether  by  the  single 
can  or  by  the  carload,  milk  can  be  shipped 
from  Canada  for  less  than  it  can  be  from 
Massachusetts  points.  The  railroads  in¬ 
creased  the  can  rates  to  the  basis  of  single 
can  rate  cost,  raising  the  old  time  trans¬ 
portation  cost  by  two  cents  per  can.  It  is 
stated  that  car  lots  of  milk  can  be  shipped 
from  Canada  for  four  cents  per  can,  while 
but  a  moderate  distance  out  of  Boston  the 
rates  rapidly  rise  to  six  cents  per  can. 
But  this  four-cent  rate  is  plain  freight 
rates  without  icing,  and  is  workable  only 
in  Winter ;  the  Summer  costs  must  neces¬ 
sarily  be  more.  This  distant  milk  will 
mainly  act  as  a  club  in  the  hands  of  the 
contractors.  As  the  Canadian  farmer 
buys  in  a  lower  tariff  country  and 
hires  labor  cheaper  these  combined 
conditions  appear  to  be  and  are  de¬ 
cisively  against  the  New  England  pro¬ 
ducer,  and  more  particularly  against  Mas¬ 
sachusetts  producers,  since  the  Saunders 
law  is  a  Massachusetts  law.  This  law  was 
aimed  at  the  so-called  milk  trust,  but  thus 
far  has  not  met  the  expectations  of  its 
friends.  It  has,  however,  disturbed  the 
three  great  milk  contracting  firms  control¬ 
ling  Boston  markets,  since  several  inde¬ 
pendent  shippers  have  entered  the  market 
and  gathered  a  large  amount  of  trade,  while 
some  individuals  have  shipped  direct.  The 
Saunders  law  is  a  by-product  of  the  great 
milk  strike  of  last  year.  This  strike  was 
tremendously  costly  to  the  contractors,  and 
still  is  entailing  cost  to  them.  To  an  in¬ 
terested  onlooker  it  appears  that  the  con¬ 
tractors  are  trying  to  shake  off  the  inde¬ 
pendent  concerns  that  came  in  with  the 
strike.  In  any  event  they  have  failed  to 
carry  out  the  letter  of  their  contract  that 
covered  April  of  this  year  and  have  made 
the  startling  reduction  of  10  cents  per  can 
for  this  month,  and  apparently  are  deter¬ 
mined  to  maintain  the  lowest  milk  rates 
for  the  Summer  that  have  occurred  for 
several  years.  They  appear  to  be  feeling 
their  way  to  a  25-cent  rate  per  can  of 
8%  quarts.  The  upshot  of  it  all  is  that 
the  milk  market  has  not  been  as  demoralized 
for  a  long  time  as  now.  It  is  proper  to 
state  that  there  appears  to  be  a  large  sur¬ 
plus  of  milk  on  the  Boston  market,  the 
market  that  regulates  our  New  England 
markets.  Singularly  enough  the  receipts  of 
milk  for  this  market  have  steadily  fallen  off 
since  the  strike,  many  farmers  never  return¬ 
ing  to  the  contractors  notwithstanding  the 
great  rise  in  price  then  achieved.  Roughly, 
this  decline  in  Boston  receipts  of  milk  is 
from  25  to  30  per  cent.  The  reduction  of 
milk  supply  does  not  tally  with  increased 
surplus  on  the  market,  and  some  hint  that 
the  statistics  are  doctored.  Perhaps  a  bet¬ 
ter  solution  is  found  iu  the  fact  that  dur¬ 
ing  the  limited  supply  of  milk  during  the 
strike  many  turned  to  condensed  milk,  and 
others  learned  to  do  without  it,  while  the 
hard  times  has  been  a  factor.  Farmers 
are  not  planning  to  produce  as  much  milk 
as  formerly.  Some  are  dropping  out  of 
production  for  the  milk  market  since  the 
reduced  rates  have  been  made,  while  others 
are  waiting  to  ascertain  whether  this  re¬ 
duction  is  merely  momentary.  In  the  sec¬ 
tion  that  I  am  familiar  with,  if  rates  thrown 
out  as  feelers  are  attempted  to  be  realized 
by  the  contractors  there  will  be  a  great 
falling  off  in  the  number  of  milk  producers 
while  many  more  will  reduce  production. 

Boards  of  health,  yellow  journalism,  the 
contractors,  consumers  and  to  some  extent 
producers  have  for  over  a  decade  kept  the 
milk  problem  in  nearly  continuous  agita¬ 
tion.  Many  of  our  farmers  have  come  to 
prefer  the  repose  of  other  production  at 
less  profit  than  milk  production  with  con¬ 
tention  and  shifting  and  uncertain  prices. 
Unless  freer  trade  and  lower  goods  and 
labor  for  the  farmer  come  in  a  return  to 
old  or  later  years  satisfactory  prices  will 
ere  long  occur.  The  marked  reduction  of 
food  prices  that  has  taken  place  during 
the  past  year,  due  to  a  combination  of 


causes,  good  world  crops  and  intense  public 
clamor  and  a  ready  ear  to  it  by  manipu¬ 
lators  of  the  market  and  political  dema¬ 
goguery  that  would  ride  into  office  upon 
it,  which  seeks  to  compel  farmers  to  pro¬ 
duce  at  less  than  the  world's  normal  prices 
will  give  way  to  the  normal.  The  truth  is 
as  is  well  shown  by  statistics,  consumption 
is  pressing  closer  on  the  heels  of  produc¬ 
tion,  and  this  movement  is  growing  year 
by  year  more  tense,  and  will  in  spite  of  tem¬ 
porary  eddies  assert  its  imperative  eco¬ 
nomic  power.  The  more  unfair  influences 
make  the  town  end  of  life  artificially  allur¬ 
ing,  correspondingly  depressing  the  country, 
the  longer  will  continue  the  cityward  move¬ 
ment  of  population,  and  the  urgency  of 
demand  for  food.  Our  statesmen  have  got 
hold  of  the  wrong  end  of  the  problem,  and 
are  dealing  with  palliatives  that  weaken  the 
patient.  For  the  time  cheaper  farm  prod¬ 
ucts  from  Canada  will  depress  our  markets, 
and  when  its  work  is  done  the  cry  will 
again  rise  for  cheaper  farm  products  from 
Argentina  and  South  America,  and  we  seem 
doomed  if  the  reciprocity  treaty  passes,  to 
a  lower  rate  for  milk.  But  as  the  problem 
is  a  world  one,  and  as  this  country  sells 
hundreds  of  millions  of  dollars  of  farm 
products  in  Europe  annually,  thus  largely 
fixing  our  home  prices,  it  will  be  seen  de¬ 
pressed  markets  for  farm  products  can  be 
but  momentary,  and  milk  will  be  the  first 
to  rally  from  the  shock,  since  it  is  the  last 
that  farmers  care  to  raise  under  all  its 
great  handicaps.  In  the  meanwhile  I  feel 
sure  that  our  farmers  will  decline  to  raise 
milk  on  low  rates.  j.  w.  sanborn. 

New  Hampshire. 


There  are  three  farmers  who  peddle  their 
milk ;  they  get  eight  cents  per  quart,  as 
far  as  I  know.  One  man  might  be  selling 
for  seven  cents  per  quart.  There  are  no 
wholesale  dealers  here.  The  supply  is  hard¬ 
ly  equal  to  the  demand  in  Summer,  but  in 
the  Winter  it  is  sufficient.  Poultry,  espe¬ 
cially  chickens,  are  occupying  the  attention 
of  a  good  many  people  here,  and  some  good 
results  are  obtained  ;  others  arc  experiment¬ 
ing  with  small  flocks,  hoping  to  branch  out 
into  larger  flocks  after  learning  the  business. 

Saybrook  Point,  Conn.  b.  h.  c. 

The  J.  R.  Whipple  Co.  have  a  large  milk 
farm  here,  keeping  about  400  head  of 
Guernsey  and  Ilolsteins.  Part  of  the  milk  Is 
set  to  Boston  to  three  or  four  large  hotels 
every  day,  and  the  rest  is  made  into  butter 
at  their  creamery  here,  which  is  also  sent 
to  the  hotels  in  Boston.  Besides  their  milk 
they  buy  from  the  farmers  for  a  radius  of 
20  miles,  paying  for  cream  about  $1.40  for 
8%-quart  cans  and  an  average  of  40  cents 
for  milk  in  8%-quart  cans.  They  receive 
from  the  farmers  alone  over  500  cans  of 
milk  and  100  of  cream  daily.  I  have  one 
cow  that  freshened  last  July  and  is  giving 
12  quarts  now.  I  am  getting  45  cents  per 
can,  and  I  know  some  who  are  getting 
higher,  so  I  do  not  see  that  we  have  an.v 
kick  about  our  part  of  the  dollar.  Good 
fresh  cows  range  from  $55  to  $90,  and  1 
saw  one  a  while  ago  that  sold  for  $97,  a 
three-can  cow  (not  from  Florida,  though). 
Year-olds  sold  at  an  auction  yesterday  for 
$20,  and  two  years  to  come  in  next  Fall  for 
$28  to  $40.  March  pigs  are  selling  from  $3 
to  $4.50  each.  Dressed  hogs  are  selling  for 
10  cents  a  pound,  the  whole  hog.  We  can 
buy  skim-milk  to  grow  calves  and  pigs  from 
the  creamery  for  four  cents  per  8%-quart 
cans.  Eggs  are  at  the  bottom  now,  selling 
for  18  cents  at  the  store.  I  am  a  back-to 
the-land  man,  but  for  the  first  year  I  can 
say  progress,  and  will  say  more  later,  but 
anyway,  no  dusty  city  for  mine. 

New  Boston,  N.  II.  b.  f.  r. 


Following  is  the  account  of  the  dairy  in¬ 
dustry  for  Prince  Edward  Island,  Canada  : 
Milk  supply  for  cheese,  34,818,286  pounds  ; 
for  butter.  14,920,624  pounds;  net  value  to 
patrons,  $405,345.36.  There  were  3,346,428 
pounds  of  cheese  made  and  638,137  pounds 
of  butter.  It  cost  $2.31  per  pound  to 
manufacture  cheese  and  $4.95  per  pound 
for  butter.  The  dealers  are  paying  the 
following  prices ;  Oats,  34  to  37  cents ; 
potatoes,  40  cents;  pork,  7%  cents;  eggs, 
16  cents ;  hay,  $7  to  $8.  a.  w.  g. 

Kensington,  Prince  Edward  Island. 


YOU  CAN  SAVE  HALF 

OR  MORE  ON  A  MACY  CREAM  SEPARATOR 


When  you  buy  a  Cream  Separator  you 
want  a  machine  which  guarantees  skim¬ 
ming  to  a  trace;  which  cleans  easily; 
which  may  be  operated  with  so  little 
effort  that  a  child  may  run  it;  one  so 
carefully  built  that  it  will  last  practically 
a  life-time;  and  a  machine  sold  to  you  at 
a  price  you  can  easily  afford  to  pay. 

The  Macy  Cream  Separator  will  fill  every 
requirement.  Thousands  of  dairy  farmers 
throughout  the  United  States  are  now  using 
this  splendid  machine.  It  has  been  manufac¬ 
tured  and  sold  for  the  past  five  years,  and  it 
is  rapidly  displacing  the  widely  advertised 
Cream  Separators  sold  at  two  and  three 
times  its  price. 

We  want  you  to  get  our  story.  We 
want  you  to  know  the  Macy  Cream 
Separator.  It  will  add  from  $15.00  to 
$20. 00  per  cow  per  annum  to  your  profits. 
It  will  pay  for  itself  in  just  a  few  months, 
and  give  you  better  service  and  more 
lasting  service  than  any  other  Cream 
Separator  manufactured,  no  matter  what 
the  name,  make  or  price. 

Do  not  be  misled  by  the  claims  made  on  behalf  of 
other  Cream  Separators.  Do  not  be  influenced  by  the 
sneers  and  insinuations  of  the  manufacturers  of  the 
old-style  Cream  Separators  wTio  are  constantly  attack¬ 
ing  those  manufacturers  and  dealers  who  are  selling 
more  up-to-date  machines. 

Learn  the  Truth 

Investigate  for  yourself.  American  Farm  Folk  are 
the  most  intelligent  citizenship  we  have.  The  farmer 
thinks  for  himself;  he  reaches  his  own  conclusions, 
and  then  he  acts.  All  that  we  want  you  to  do  is  to 
get  our  proposition.  We  will  leave  all  the  rest  of  it 
to  you.  We  will  send  the  Macy  Cream  Separator  to 
your  farm  to  be  tested  by  you — to  try  out  in  competi¬ 
tion  with  any  other  Cream  Separator  manufactured; 
none  of  them  are  barred.  We  want  you  to  run  the 
Macy  beside  the  other  Cream  Separators.  Try  it  on 
hot  or  cold  milk;  test  it  for  butter  fat:  test  it  for  easy 
turning;  for  easy  cleaning;  submit  ittoany  test 
you  may  think  of  or  the  agent  of  any  other 
Cream  Separator  may  suggest.  Submit  it  to 
these  tests  for  30  days,  and  if  at  the  end  of  that  time 
the  Macy  has  not  demonstrated  that  it  is  the  best 
Cream  Separator  from  the  standpoint  of  skimming 
efficiency,  easy  running,  easy  cleaning,  simplicity 
and  durability,  return  it  to  us,  at  our  expense  of 
transportation  charges  both  ways. 


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We  Want  to  Send  You 

our  Cream  Separator  offer.  We 
want  to  tell  you  how  you  can  save 
one-half  or  two-thirds  on  your 
Cream  Separator.  We  want  to 
tell  you  how  to  add  from  $15.00 
to  $20.00  per  cow  to  your  income. 
We  want  to  tell  you  how  to  get 
more  cream  and  better  cream  from 
your  herd  than  you  have  been  get¬ 
ting  in  the  past. 

Just  write  us  a  letter  or  a  pos¬ 
tal  card  to-day,  saying,  “Please 
send  me  your  Cream  Separator 
proposition,  ”  and  we  will  send  it 
free  and  postpaid. 

Ask  for  Separator  Offer  No.  8801 


R.  H.  MACY  &  CO.,  JartE?.,**  NEW  YORK 


HANDSOME  PICTURE,  FREE. 

A  fine  photogravure  of  “Dairymaid  of  Pinehurst”  the  champion  3  year 
old  Guernsey  cow  of  the  world.  This  famous  cow  produced  860  pounds  of  butter- 
fat  in  one  year. 

"I  he  picture  is  a  real  work  of  art,  free  of  advertising,  printed  on 
heavy  art  paper  and  ready  to  frame. 

So  long  as  our  limited  supply  lasts,  a  copy  will  be  sent  you  postage  prepaid. 
Without  any  obligation,  if  you  send  your  name  and  address  to 

IOWA  DAIRY  SEPARATOR  CO., 

173  BRIDGE  ST„  _ = _ -  WATERLOO,  IOWA. 


TwoVa!uableE?nCC 

Barn  Book5  rnUU 

'  on  Barn  Equipment 

Dairymen,  write  today.  These  free  books 
were  written  by  dairy  barn  authorities  and 
contain  valuable  information  that  will  prove 
a  big  help  to  you  in  the  re-arranging,  the 
building  or  the  remodeling  of  your  dairy  barn. 
They  also  contain  detailed  descriptions  of  the 
James  Sanitary  Barn  Equipment  and  explain 
five  patented  features  that  save  enough  on  feed 
and  labor  to  pay  for  the  whole  equipment  in 
a  year.  Write  today,  sure— stating  the  num¬ 
ber  of  cows  you  own. 

Kent  Mfg.  Co.,  1530  Cans  St.,  Ft.  Atkinson,  WIs. 

I  Jame5  Sanitary, 
yja  rn  EQuipmen  t 


NO-FLY 


GUARANTEED  TO 
KEEP  FLIES  AWAY 


This  Guaranteed  Fly 
Oil  will  increase  your 
milk  output  10  to  20 
per  cent,  by  saving  cows 
energy  wasted  in  fighting 
flies  will  make  your  horses 
quiet  and  easy  to  manage 
by  •.  topping  irritating, 
strength  wasting,  fly  fighting. 

If  used  according  to  directions 
WE  ABSOLUTELY  GUARANTEE  NO-FLY 
to  keep  flies  away — not  to  blister— to  kill  lice 

anywhere— not  to  iniurc  animals  if  they  lick  it— will  not 
taint  milk.  Practical  farmers  everywhere  indorse  NO-FLY 
because  it  does  its  work. 

If  your  dealer  does  aot  sell  NO  FLY,  send  us  his  name 
and  $1.00  for  large  can  of  NO-FLY  and  Sprayer.  Money 
refunded  if  it  doesn't  do  all  we  claim.  Active  men  wanted. 

W.  D.  CARPENTER  CO.,  Dept.  6  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


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^^ORMS  take  pounds  of  flesh  off  of  your  stock  be¬ 
fore  you  notice  it.  They  often  kill  and  always 
throw  animals  out  of  condition.  These  thieving 
pests  steal  the  food  that  should  build  up  fat,  flesh 
and  vitality— they  steal  the  profits  which  should  go 
into  your  pocket.  There  is  a  way  to  stop  this  loss. 

Kill  and  expel  the  worms  with  Sal-Vet  the  guar¬ 
anteed  worm  remedy  and  conditioner.  A  wonderful  prepared 
salt  with  seven  combined  ingredients  that  gets  rid  of  worms  like 
magic.  It  positively  kills  and  expels  all  stomach  and  free  intestinal 

Here  is  My  Liberal  Offer:  _ , 

Just  fill  out  the  coupon,  telling  me  how  many  hoad  01  nock 
for  60  days.  Test  it  on  your  sheep,  hogs,  horses,  cows  and  cattle, 
kills  worms  and  is  worth  many  times  its  price.  Send  now.  A 


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♦•Aft*  M  ARM 


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TheGreatWorm  Destroyer 
and  Conditioner 


worms.  Tones  up  the  system,  sharpens  the  ap-  y 
petite,  aids  digestion,  makes  feed  fatten  quick- 
ly.  Puts  animals  m  tip  top  condition.  They  /a* 
like  Sal -Vet;  eat  it  eagerly;  doctor  them  >** 


selves.  Prominent  stockmen  keep 
stable,  pasture  or  feed  yard  all  the 
Read  this: 


“My  lambs  were  dying  at  the  rate  of  one  or  two  every  day.  After 
I  began  feeding  Sal-Vet  I  lost  but  one,  and  that  was  nearly  dead 
by  the  time  the  remedy  arrived.  I  would  not  think  of  keeping 
sheep  without  Sal- Vet.  ’  ’  J.A.Biedert,  R.  F.  D.  No.  3,  Findlay,  1 11. 

A*  ^ 

A*  ♦ 

AW  vGvN 


Test  Sal-Vet  GO  Days  Before  You  Pay  / 

“JTS*  SalrVet  to  feed  them  V  * 


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Don  t  pay  me  a  cent  until  you  see  that  Sal-Vet  really 
- - - -  -  —  day  s  delay  may  cost  you  a  valuable  animal.  > 

Sidney  R.  Fell,  Pres.,  The  S.  R.  Fell  Co., ^Cleveland, 0.  , 

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THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


May  G, 


The  Henyard. 

WANTED-A  WHITE-EGGED  “AMERICAN” 

I  understand  you  to  say  that  the  Con¬ 
necticut  Agricultural  College  is  working  to 
develop  a  hen  like  the  American  breeds 
which  will  lay  a  white  egg. 

It  is  true  that  there  is  a  demand  for 
such  a  bird. 

What  sort  of  a  hen  do  they  want? 

The  ideal  would  be  a  white  bird  with 
yellow  skin,  yellow  legs,  rose  comb  and 
weighing  a  little  less  than  a  standard 
Rhode  Island  Red.  Such  a  bird  should  lay 
white  eggs  of  fair  size. 

What  is  the  need  of  such  a  bird? 

In  New  England  the  average  farmer 
wants  a  general  purpose  hen.  That  means 
a  bird  which  will  lay  a  reasonable  number 
of  eggs,  especially  in  Winter,  which  will 
dress  off  fairly  well  either  as  broiler  or 
roaster,  and  which  will  hatch  and  rear  its 
own  chickens. 

Is  there  no  such  fowl  in  existence? 

None  that  we  know  of  to  size  up  to  all 
these  points.  We  have  no  such  fowl  that 
produces  white  eggs,  therefore  a  farmer 
in  a  territory  which  calls  for  white  eggs 
loses  his  money  in  using  a  general  purpose 
fowl. 

What  about  the  present  white-egg  hens? 

Like  the  Leghorn,  they  have  their  defects 
as  a  general  purpose  hen.  They  do  not 
raise  their  own  young  as  a  rule,  so  that 
incubators  are  required.  Their  combs  are 
so  larga  as  to  make  them  tender,  and  they 
are  not  so  well  suited  to  general  purpose 
conditions. 

How  does  the  experiment  progress? 

They  are  making  progress,  and  we  un¬ 
derstand  already  have  a  fowl  which  com¬ 
bines  some  of  the  desired  points,  but  not 
all.  They  hope  to  get  such  a  bird  in  time. 

The  breeders  of  Iloudans  are  claiming 
that  they  have  the  bird  for  the  place.  What 
about  that? 

Our  understanding  is  that  the  Houdan  is 
a  most  excellent  fowl,  a  good  layer,  a  fine 
table  bird  and  very  handsome  when  well 
bred.  The  general  opinion  is  that  this 
breed  ought  to  be  more  generally  kept,  but 
those  who  are  trying  to  develop  this  new 
breed  say  that  the  Houdan  does  not  meet 
all  their  requirements. 

Why  not?  What  is  there  wrong  with 
Mrs.  Houdan? 

The  following  points  are  made  against 
her  for  the  purpose  named :  She  is  gen¬ 
erally  a  non-sitter.  The  bird  they  have  in 
mind  should  be  like  the  Reds,  “Rocks’’  or 
“Dottcs,”  capable  of  hatching  her  own 
chickens  and  taking  the  place  of  an  incuba¬ 
tor.  The  Houdans  have  a  heavy  crest.  It 
has  been  explained  that  this  is  no  objec¬ 
tion,  yet  it  is  generally  believed  that  in 
very  wet  or  rainy  sections  this  wet  crest 
would  be  likely  to  cause  severe  colds. 
Again  their  plumage  is  generally  black. 
This  means  black  pin  feathers,  which  should 
be  avoided  in  the  desired  fowl.  The  skin 
of  the  Houdans  is  white  and  the  legs  are 
white  and  black,  while  the  desired  fowl  as 
a  market  bird  for  broiler  and  roaster,  should 
have  yellow  legs  and  a  yellow  skin.  This 
seems  to  cover  the  matter  as  it  comes  to 
us,  and  will  show  why  Mrs.  Houdan, 
though  an  excellent  bird,  is  not  exactly  the 
lady  wanted. 

SHIPPING  BABY  CHICKS. 

I  am  hatching  and  shipping  baby  chicks 
and  have  not  much  experience  in  it  yet.  I 
saw  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  and  “The  Business 
Hen”  how  some  do  it,  so  I  tried  that  plan 
and  had  some  bad  results.  I  shipped  two 
boxes  with  100  in  each  box;  of  these  two 
boxes  the  one  went  all  right,  but  the  other 
one  over  half  of  them  were  dead.  1  was 
used  to  having  partitions  in  the  boxes  and 
only  put  about  25  or  30  together,  but  there 
was  nothing  mentioned  in  “The  Business 
Hen,”  so  I  left  them  out,  but  cannot  see 
where  I  failed  in  any  other  way.  w.  r.  b. 

Pennsylvania. 

Fifty  day-old  chicks  are  enough  to  put  in 
one  compartment;  when  100  chicks  are  put 
in  one  compartment  of  a  shipping  box  they 
are  apt  to  crowd  so  hard  that  the  ones 
in  the  middle  get  overheated  or  smothered. 
It  is  much  better  to  put  in  partitions  so 
that  not  more  than  30  to  35  chicks  are  in 
each  part.  Probably  some  of  the  chicks 
mentioned  by  W.  R.  B.  were  smothered. 
The  fact  that  one  lot  of  100  went  safely 
does  not  prove  anything.  But  it  is  such  an 
easy  matter  to  put  in  partitions  dividing 
the  chicks  into  lots  small  enough  to  pre¬ 
vent  overcrowding  that  it  seems  as  if  any 
one  would  rather  do  it  than  risk  loss  by 
trying  to  ship  in  lots  too  large  to  go 
safely.  geo.  a.  cosgrove. 


THE  EGG  EATING  HABIT. 

If  your  hens  began  to  eat  their  eggs 
freely  what  would  you  do  to  stop  it? 

I  think  that  where  a  flock  is  picking  up 
the  vice  of  egg  eating  it  is  due  to  improper 
feeding  and  housing  conditions,  and  can  be 
corrected  in  all  except  perhaps  a  few  con¬ 
firmed  cases.  People  too  often  fail  to 
realize  that  fowls  in  confinement  must  have 
everything  needed  or  craved  supplied  them. 
I  do  not  believe  egg  eating  is  ever  started 
among  hens  fed  all  the  necessary  elements, 
and  encouraged  to  take  proper  exercise. 
Even  when  some  of  the  elements  are  lack¬ 


ing,  egg  eating  begins  with  soft-shelled  eggs 
or  broken  eggs,  due  to  improper  nesting 
arrangements.  Feed  a  variety,  give  plenty 
of  shell,  bone,  charcoal,  grit  and  meat,  as 
well  as  green  food  all  the  year.  Supply 
the  demands  of  nature,  and  you  will  never 
have  any  egg  eating.  After  it  has  started, 
after  supplying  abundance  of  proper  foods, 
etc.,  remove  any  hens  laying  soft-shelled 
eggs,  thoroughly  clean  up  any  broken  eggs, 
and  gather  eggs  frequently  until  the  habit 
is  forgotten.  It  is  almost  axiomatic  that 
any  vice  is  the  result  of  improper  condi¬ 
tions.  The  sane  way  to  overcome  the  vice 
is,  therefore,  to  correct  the  conditions. 

Mt.  Pleasant  Farm.  Charles  e.  bryan. 

I  had  a  flock  of  160  pullets  which  I  kept 
confined  one  Winter,  and  they  started  eat¬ 
ing  eggs,  so  I  gathered  the  eggs  twice 
daily  and  bought  eggshells  from  a  baker 
and  kept  the  eggshells  before  the  fowls  all 
the  time  and  it  seemed  to  work  all  right. 
Of  course  there  were  a  few  that  I  did  not 
break  of  the  habit.  I  believe  that  the  cause 
of  this  habit  is  because  the  fowls  are  not 
fed  the  way  they  ought  to  be,  and  also  not 
the  right  kind  of  feed.  I  think  my  method 
would  be  practical  with  almost  everyone 
where  eggshells  can  be  bought.  After  I 
found  the  fowls  were  eating  eggs  I  made 
feeding  hoppers  to  hold  the  shell,  and  let 
them  help  themselves ;  kept  shell  before 
them  at  all  times,  and  put  the  shells  in  the 
hopper  just  as  I  bought  them  from  the  ba¬ 
ker,  that  is,  not  ground  fine.  Feed  them  in 
as  large  pieces  you  can,  so  as  to  make  the 
shells  look  like  broken  eggshells.  Maybe 
this  method  would  not  work  when  fowls 
are  on  free  range.  I  think  there  were  five 
or  six  fowls  I  killed  which  I  could  not  break 
of  their  habit.  I  have  never  been  troubled 
with  fowls  on  free  range. 

New  Jersey.  clarence  h.  fogg. 

Empty  an  egg  of  the  white  by  a  hole 
that  you  make  in  the  shell.  Then  mix  the 
yoke  that  is  left  with  plaster  of  Paris. 
Then  put  the  egg  on  warm  ashes  to  harden. 
Give  the  falsified  egg  to  the  hen.  The 
effect  is  certain ;  the  hen  will  lose  her  bad 
habit.  mrs.  g.  m.  h. 

Rhode  Island. 

I  believe  the  habit  of  egg  eating  usually 
starts  from  lack  of  lime  in  the  food  of 
hens  when  in  confinement,  and  having  the 
nest  boxes  open.  When  scattering  the 
grain  in  the  litter  when  feeding  some  gets 
in  the  nest  boxes,  and  the  hens  scratch 
in  the  boxes  for  the  grain,  break  the  eggs 
and  soon  find  not  only  the  grain  but  broken 
eggs  as  well.  As  to  cure,  I  would  furnish 
lots  of  lime  in  the  form  of  cracked  oyster 
shells  and  darken  the  nests  so  the  hen 
can’t  see  the  eggs  or  anything  to  scratch 
for.  Furnish  plenty  of  scratching  material 
on  the  floor-  for  them  to  work  in,  and 
thereby  keep  Biddy’s  mind  occupied.  I 
know  of  several  cases  where  the  hens  had 
this  habit  and  were  cured  by  this  manner 
of  treatment.  J.  e.  van  alstyne. 

New  York. 


A  Wedding  Present.- — My  husband  and  I 
have  been  reading  the  different  accounts  of 
hen  records  with  much  interest.  We  think 
our  little  flock  did  pretty  well  for  March. 
When  we  started  into  life  partnership  last 
Fall,  among  the  presents  given  us  were 
four  hens,  one  rooster  and  14  pullets 
hatched  August  26.  All  of  these  pullets 
were  laying  at  six  months  of  age,  and  the 
record  for  March  for  the  whole  flock  is 
357  eggs,  or  29%  dozen,  which  were  sold 
at  an  average  of  26%  cents  per  dozen,  or 
$7.88.  We  figure  their  feed  cost  $3.55,  as 
follows:  Oats,  $1.15;  wheat.  50  cents; 
ground  bone,  40  cents ;  corn,  $1.50.  None 
of  these  pullets  underwent  any  system  but 
were  picked  out  at  random  from  a  flock  of 
70.  The  hens  are  two  or  three  years  old. 
Three  different  breeds  are  represented.  No 
account  of  the  hayseed,  clover,  shells  or 
mlik  was  kept.  mrs.  a.  j.  w. 

Connecticut. 


TROUBLE  WITH  TURKEYS. 

Out  of  81  turkeys  hatched  I  had  only 
about  50  left  for  Thanksgiving  market.  I 
consider  this  too  large  a  per  cent  to  lose, 
when  they  were  given  the  best  of  care  and 
attention.  Insects  were  unusually  scarce 
and  no  grasshoppers  at  all,  and  I  think  that 
might  have  been  one  of  the  causes  of  loss. 
If  such  was  the  case  would  you  consider 
it  advisable  to  feed  the  commercial  beef 
scrap?  If  you  do,  at  what  age  should  I 
begin  feeding  it  and  how  often  and  how 
much  for  a  flock  of  25  at  a  meal?  At 
the  different  stages  of  feather  making  tur¬ 
keys  seem  more  inclined  to  be  ailing,  and 
especially  so  when  getting  their  wing 
feathers.  I  would  like  to  know  what  feed 
you  think  would  be  best  to  give  for  feather 
growing.  h.  d. 

Staatsburg,  N.  lr. 

I  think  as  you  do,  this  was  too  large 
a  per  cent  to  lose.  Three  years  ago  I 
hatched  76  turkeys  and  raised  72  to 
mature  birds.  Several  years  ago  I  had 
only  two  hen  turkeys.  The  two  hatched 
26  poults  and  raised  25.  I  shipped  them 
to  Boston  for  Thanksgiving  and  my 
check  was  $43.85.  I  thought  that  pretty 
good !  This  inquirer  says  insects  and 
grasshoppers  were  scarce;  that  might 
make  a  difference.  As  to  feeding  the 
commercial  beef  scraps,  I  do  not  know  ; 
I  should  prefer  to  get  the  scraps  from  a 
local  butcher.  I  hear  a  great  deal  of 
complaint  about  the  young  poults  at  the 
stage  when  they  are  getting  their  wing 
feathers.  Some  advocate  pulling  them 
out.  My  method  is  to  feed  all  the  wheat, 
good  wheat  (not  screenings),  they  will 
eat  at  that  time,  for  wheat  makes  bone 
and  muscle.  Give  them  all  the  clean 
fresh  water  they  want,  and  I  save  my 
eggshells  all  through  the  Winter  for 
the  little  turks  at  that  time.  Dry  the 
shells  as  you  save  them  and  crumble 
them  fine.  They  are  very  fond  of  them 
and  eat  them  ravenously.  I  find  there 
are  many  little  things  connected  with 
turkey  raising  some  people  would  call 
foolish,  but  I  do  not  care  for  that,  as 
long  as  I  have  good  success  in  raising 
them.  MRS.  E.  j.  RIDER. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-lr.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Busy  asphalt-diggers  in  Trinidad  Lake 

Natural  asphalt  is  the 
life  of 

Genasco 


the  Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt  Roofing 


And  natural  oils  are  the 
life  of  Trinidad  Lake 
asphalt  They  do  not 
evaporate  when  exposed 
to  sun  and  air  like  the  oils 
of  coal-tar  and  other  resid¬ 
ual  pitch  roofings.  This 
is  why  Genasco  does  not 
crack  and  leak  and  go  to 
pieces.  It  stays  lastingly 
waterproof. 

Mineral  or  smooth  sur¬ 
face.  Fully  guaranteed. 

The  Kant-leak  Kleet  waterproofs  the 
seams  of  roofing  without  dauby  cement, 
and  prevents  nail-leaks. 

Ask  your  dealer  for  Genasco  with 
Kant-leak  Kleets  packed  in  the  roll. 

The  Barber  Asphalt 
Paving  Company 

Largest  producers  of  aephalt,  and  largest 
manufacturers  of  roa-ly  roofing  In  the  world. 

Philadelphia 

New  York  San  Francisco  Chicago 


Cro88-scction  Genasco  Stone-surface  Roofing 

Gravel 

Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 
Asphalt-saturated  Wool  Felt 
Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 

Fis=r- --=• Asp!  alt-saturated  Wool  Felt 


2 A.  and  3A  Horsepower 

Don’t  buy  a  “pig  in  a  poke.”  If  you  are 
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DEY0-MACEY  ENGINE  CO..  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 

Manufacturers  of  Deyo  Power  Sprayers 


Gasoline  Engines 


gasoline,  distillate,  any  fuel  oil,  perfectly — without  change 

Cheapest,  Safest,  Simplest 

POWER 


for  barn  work,  house  work,  mill  work,  dairy  work,  well 
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Astonishing  success.  More  power  gallon  for  gallon.  Hun¬ 
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Double  duty  tank  revolutionizes  cooling 
systems.  Force  feed  lubricator — per¬ 
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Ball  bearing  governor.  Starts  in¬ 
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ed.  Quality  high— price 
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Always  hungry  for 
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FREE  TRIAL 

No  obligation  till  satis¬ 
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write  for  it  NOW. 

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51  Mullet!  SI.,  DETROIT,  MICH 


ORNAMENTAL  FERCE.  Cheaper  and 
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FENCE  CO„  Box  945  Deeatur.  Ind. 


You  will  not  have  roof  repair  bills  to  worry 
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Edwards“REO” Steel  Shingles 

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523-573Lock  St.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio  (45) 


re 

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V  Our  1911  ^ 

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178  pages  filled  from  cover  to  cover  with  gen¬ 
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From  Factor/To  Horse 


AMERICAN 


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Cheaper  Than  Wood 

and  More  Durable 

Many  years  of  experimenting 
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m 

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Made  of  tough  steel,  heavily 
zinc  coated.  Durability 
proven  by  us — ten  years’  ac¬ 
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Means  a  big  reduction  in 
fence  cost  and  maintenance. 

40-page  catalog  sent  free,  fully 
illustrating  and  describing.  Send 
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American  Steel  6  Wire  Co. 


Chicago : 

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Denver : 

First  Nat.  Bank  Bldg. 


New  York: 

30  Church  Street 
San  Francisco : 
lith  and  Folsom  Sts. 


1911. 


677 


MARKETS 

Wholesale  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  April  28,  1911. 


The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  SI. 41 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  2%  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  2G-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 

Failure  of  Peach  Buds. 

B OTTER 

The  market  has  developed  a  decided 

weakness,  with  some  slight  price  declines. 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 22  .®  .23 

Good  to  Choice . 19 

Cower  Grades  . 15 

Storage . . 15 

State  Dairy,  best . .  .20 

Common  to  Gjod . 14 

Factory . 14 

Packing  Slock . 12 

Elgin  111.  butter  market  firm  at  22  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  22  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  23  cents. 


@ 

@ 

@ 

® 

® 

@ 

® 


.21 

.18 

.20 

.21 

.18 

.16 

.15 


CHEESE 

Old  cheese  is  held  rather  high  for  export 
trade.  New  stock  selling  rapidly  and  mar¬ 
ket  firm. 

Full  Cream,  best.  Fall  made . 14  @  .15 

Common  to  Rood .  ..  .12  ®  .13 

New  Made .  09  <pj  .105^ 

Skims .  . 05  ®  .10 

EGG8 

Receipts  heavy  and  market  weak, 

though  price  changes  noted  are  but  slight. 


White,  good  to  choice . 

.18 

® 

.21 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 

.17 

@ 

.18 

Common  to  Good . . 

.15 

® 

.17 

Westorn,  best . 

.17 

® 

.18 

Under  grades . 

.12 

® 

.15 

Duck  eggs,  dozen . 

.20 

® 

.23 

Goose  eggs,  dozen . 

.30 

& 

.40 

BEANS 

Trade  very  dull  ou  Marrow 

and 

Pea. 

® 


White  Kidney  scarce.  Some  export 
ness  in  Rod  Kidney  noted. 

Marrow,  100  lbs . 3.00 

Medium .  3.00 

Pea . „ .  3.00 

Yellow  Eye . 3.50 

Bed  Kidney . 5.40 

WhitcKidncy . 5.00 

Lima,  California . 6.G0 


busi- 


3.75 
®  3.50 
@  3.50 
©  3.65 
®  5.80 
®  5.10 
<3l  6.70 


HOPS 

Business  is  practically  at  a  standstill. 
Buyers  are  offering  higher  prices,  but 
growers  refuse  to  sell. 

Prime  to  Choice . 29 

Common  to  Good . 27 

Pacific  Coast . 22 

Geimau  Crop,  1910 . . 50 

CIDER  VINEGAR 

New  York  prices  for  single  barrel 
Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 22 


® 

® 

@ 

@ 


.30 

.28 

.23 

.53 


lots. 


Standard  Grade 


.13 


.24 

.15 


DRIED  FRUITS 

Very  little  doing  in  either  evaporated  or 
sun-dried  apples. 

Apples,  evap.  prime . 12  ®  13 

Kvap.,  com.  to  good . 06  @  .11 

Sun  Dried . 06  ®  .07^ 

Chops . 07  ®  .08 

Cores  and  Skins . 07 hi®  .0716 

Raspberries . 28  ®  .30 

Cherries . 15  (a)  .18 

FRESH  FRUITS 

Apples  getting  scarce  with  occasional 
sales  above  quoted  prices  for  choice  varie¬ 
ties.  Gano  and  Ben  Davis  selling  slowly. 
Strawberries  running  better  quality  than 
last  week,  and  prices  higher. 

Apples,  Itusset,  bbl . 3.00  @  5.00 

Greening .  4.00  ®  7.00 

Baldwin .  4.00  ®  6.60 

Ben  Davis . 8.50  ®  5.50 

Spy .  4.00  ®  7.00 

Western— 

Newtown,  box .  1.75  ®  2.75 

Spitz,  box .  1.75  ®  2.50 

Rome,  box . 2.00  ®  2  75 

Black  Ben,  box .  1  75  ®  2.35 

Gano.  box  .  2.00  ®  2.35 

"Strawberries.  Fla.,  qt.  . . . 15  cd)  .26 

Other  Southern . 15  ®  .82 

Oranges,  Fla.  box . 3.25  ®  4.50 

Porto  Rico . 2.50  @  2.75 

California .  2.50  ®  4.00 

Grape  Fruit.  Fla.  box . 2.60  ®  4.00 

Pineapples.  Havana,  18s .  2.75  ®  3.00 

Porto  Rico,  24s .  3.25  @  3.60 


VEGETABLES 
potatoes  plenty  and 


Old  potatoes  plenty  and  lower.  New 
stock  from  the  South  lowed.  Old  onions 
very  dull.  Now  selling  well  when  above 
medium  quality.  String  beans  lower.  Cab¬ 
bage  somewhat  improved  at  the  close  of 
the  week.  Peas  and  fancy  lettuce  scarce. 

Potatoes — N.  Y.  State,  180  lbs .  1.60 

Maine .  1.75 

Southern,  new,  No.  1,  bbl . 3.50 

Southern,  new.  No.  2,  bbl .  2.00 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bkt .  1.00 

Asparagus.  Southern,  f’ey  doz . 3.25 

Good  to  prime .  2.00 

Calif.,  green,  fancy . 3.00 

Calif.,  white,  common  to  good . 2.50 

Beets,  new,  100  bunches . 2.50 

Carrots,  bbl .  2.00 

Southern,  new,  100  bunches . 2.00 

Cabbage— old.  ton  .  3.00 

New,  Southern,  bbl .  1  00 

Chicory,  bbl .  3.50 

Cucumbers.  Fla.  bu .  1.50 

Escarol.  %  bbl.  bkt .  1.00 

Kale,  bbl . 85 

Kohlrabi,  Southern,  100  bunches .  4.00 

Lettuce, hl-bbl.  bkt .  1.00 

Peppers,  Southern,  bu . 1.50 

Horseradish,  100  lbs . 4.00 

Okra.  Fla.  Carrier  .  2.00 

Onions,  old,  yellow,  bag .  3.75 

Texas,  new,  crate . 1.00 

White,  bu . 75 

Peas.  Fla.,  bu .  1.50 

Radishes,  S'n  46  bbl.- bkt . 60 

Rhubarb,  100  bunches .  3.UU 

Salsify,  100  bunches . 4.00 

String  Beans,  bu .  1.00 

Spinach,  bbl . 75 

Squasn,  bbl .  1.75 

Turnips,  Rutabaga,  bbl . 75 

White,  bbl .  1.00 

Leeks,  100  bunches . 2.00 

Egg  Plants,  Fla.,  box .  1.25 

Parsnips,  bbl .  1.00 

Parsley  bbl .  2.00 

Tomatoes,  Fla.  crate .  1.50 

HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 
Cucumbers  lower.  Lettuce 
fancy.  Tomatoes  scarce. 

Cucumbers,  best,  doz . 

Common  to  good . 50 

Mushrooms,  lb . 25 

Radishes,  100  bunches .  1.50 

Rhubarb,  doz  bunches . 

Tomatoes,  lb . 

(  Continued  on  page  579) 


®  1.87 
®  2.00 
®  4.00 
@  3.00 
@  2.00 
®  3.75 
®  3.00 
®  4  CIO 
@  3.50 
®  5.00 
®  3.110 
®  3.00 
®  7.00 
®  1.75 
®  5.00 
®  2.00 
®  .200 
®  .90 

@  0  00 
®  2.25 
®  2.50 
®  7.UU 
®  3.00 
®  4.25 
®  2.00 
®  1.50 
®  3.50 
®  .90 

®  4.50 
®  5.00 
®  2.50 
®  1.12 
®  2  50 
@  1.25 
®  1.50 
@  4.00 
®  2.25 
®  1.25 
@  2.50 
®  2.75 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

“CHEMICAL  AND  CLOVER”  ONCE  MORE. 

./.  N.  H.  (Vo  Address) s — In  former  years 
The  R.  N.-Y.  gave  the  figures  of  sales  from 
the  Lewis  farm  in  Now  Jersey  where  the 
rotation  known  as-  chemicals  and  clover  is 
followed.  What  was  the  last  year’s  out¬ 
put? 

Ans. — Mr.  D.  C.  Lewis  has  sent  us 
the  following  statement  of  sales  for  the 
year  ending  April  1,  1911. 

Taking  out  five  acres  for  timber  and 
lane  and  uses  for  yards,  we  have  not  to 
exceed  95  acres. 

SALES. 

Milk  and  calves .  $643.35 

Hay  .  921.18 

Potatoes,  15 -acres .  2,083.10 

Wheat  and  corn .  532.32 

Chickens  and  pork .  140.00 


Income,  $45  to 
half  crop  of  corn 


$4,319.95 

$47  per  acre ;  only  one- 
owing  to  drought. 

We  repeat  briefly  what  has  often  been 
said  about  this  farm  in  Middlesex  Co. 
The  soil  is  naturally  strong  and  level. 
For  some  30  years  it  has  been  conducted 
as  a  fertilizer  farm,  chemicals  being 
used  heavily.  The  sod  plowed  under 
provides  humus,  and  the  cornstalks  and 
part  of  the  clover  hay  are  fed  to  dairy 
cows — the  milk  being  sold  to  a  cream¬ 
ery.  A  five-year  rotation  is  followed. 
Each  year  all  the  farm  manure  is  spread 
on  the  second  year  sod  and  plowed 
under  for  corn  planting.  The  next  year 
this  corn  ground  is  planted  in  early  va¬ 
rieties  of  potatoes.  Here  is  the  key¬ 
note  of  the  rotation.  At  least  1200 
pounds  of  high-grade  potato  fertilizer 
are  used  to  the  acre  with  the  potatoes. 
When  they  are  dug  the  ground  is  seed¬ 
ed  to  wheat  and  Timothy,  with  clover 
added  in  the  Spring.  Should  the  po¬ 
tato  crop  be  above  the  average  some 
fertilizer  is  used  with  the  wheat.  If  the 
potato  crop  is  not  large  it  is  assumed 
that  there  is  enough  plant  food  left  to 
produce  the  crop.  The  wheat  is  har¬ 
vested,  then  the  clover  and  grass  are 
cut  two  years,  after  which  the  sod  is 
plowed  for  corn,  then  starting  a  new 
rotation.  The  manure  gives  a  large  corn 
crop,  when  the  season  is  right,  and  leaves 
the  soil  in  fine  condition  for  potatoes. 
As  this  is  the  money  crop  of  the  rotation 
it  receives  nearly  all  the  purchased  fer¬ 
tilizer — the  theory  being  that  a  large 
dressing  will  provide  for  the  potatoes 
and  leave  enough  over  to  produce  the 
wheat  and  grass.  In  former  years  the 
handling  of  the  cornstalks  was  waste¬ 
ful,  as  many  of  them  were  simply  rotted 
down  in  the  barnyard  or  spread  on  the 
grass  land  and  plowed  under.  Now  they 
are  put  into  a  silo  or  shredded  and  fed 
dry,  thus  adding  over  $500  to  the  farm 
receipts  and  supplying  a  large  quantity 
of  manure.  Under  this  system  of  hand¬ 
ling  the  farm  has  grown  richer  and 
richer,  and  is  more  productive  than  ever 
before,  although  as  we  see  it  is  annually 
selling  large  quantities  of  hay,  potatoes 
and  grain,  all  of  which  are  known  as  ex¬ 
haustive  crops. 


Positively  Cured 
By  Using . 


Calf  Scours 

OREL  OLL 

No  F ailures  Guaranteed 

Also  the  only  known  remedy  for 
WHITE  DIARRHOEA  in  poultry. 
Caledonia  Chemical  Co.,  Caledonia,  N.  Y. 


The  only  thoroughly  manufactured 
Silo  on  tho  market.  Full  length  stave. . 
Continuous  door  frame  complete  with 
ladder.  Triple  beveled  silo  door  with 
hinges.  Equipped  with  extra  heavy 
hoops  at  bottom. 

air  tight 

Makes  winter  feed  equal  to  Juno 
grass.  THE  KOSS  vvill  more  than  pay 
for  itself  in  one  season.  Write  to¬ 
day  for  catalog  which  gives  facts  that 
will  save  you  money.  Agents  wanted. 

The  E.  W.  Itoss  Co.(Est,1850) 
Box  13  SPRINGFIELD.  OHiO 


higher 

for 

.80 

® 

.90 

.50 

® 

.60 

.25 

® 

.60 

1.50 

@  : 

2  00 

.30 

® 

.60 

.10 

® 

.16 

BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOR 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 
GUARANTEED  MONEY-SAVING 


INTERNATIONAL 

SILOS 


strongest  Dum,  simplest  to  put  up  and  easiest  operated 
on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take-up  hoop — ■ 
continuous  open-door  front — air-tight  door  and  per¬ 
manent  ladder  are  some  of  the  unusual  features.  Th« 

International  611a  Co-  II  3  Bale  BU  LiueoTlllo.  Bm* 


“MEN  WHO  KNOW ” 

USE  THE 

DE  LAVAL 

CREAM  SEPARATOR 

Does  it  not  mean  a  great  deal  to  YOU,  the  prospective 
buyer  of  a  Cream  Separator,  that  such  men  as 

Hon.  Levi  P.  Morton,  Ex-Vice  Pres’t  United  States 
Miss  Helen  Gould,  the  great  philanthropist 
Hon.  Whitelaw  Reid,  U.  S.  Ambassador  to  England 
Alfred  G.  Vanderbilt,  of  that  famous  family 
C.  F.  Smith,  Master  Vermont  State  Grange 
Norman  B.  Ream,  of  the  Pullman  Palace  Car  Co. 

F.  L.  Houghton,  Sec’y  Holstein  Breeders  Ass’n 
Wm.  MacKenzie,  Pres’t  Canadian  Northern  Railway 
S.  S.  Carvalho,  Manager  the  Hearst  newspapers 
Hon.  Seth  Low,  Ex-Mayor  of  New  York 

and  many  others  like  them,  good  dairy  farmers  as  well  as  great 
leaders  in  every  sphere  of  human  endeavor,  each  of  whom  is 
possessed  of  much  personal  experience  and  a  thousand  authori¬ 
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satisfied  users  of  Dli  LAVAL  Cream  Separators  ? 

THE  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  CO. 


1G5-167  Broadway 

NEW  YORK 


29  E.  Madihon  Strisky 

CHICAGO 


Drumm  k  Sacra MKNTO  Sts. 

SAN  FRANCISCO 


17S-177  William  Strekt 

MONTREAL 


14  k  16  Princess  Street 

WINNIPEG 


1016  Western  Avkntk 

SEATTLE 


THE  PAP EC  A 

•  ' _ Ai 


Here’s  the  only  blower  ensilage 
cutter  that  can  he  depended  upon  to 
do  good  work  under  all  conditions. 
pAPEC  ENSILAGE 

*  PNEUMATIC  ^  CUTTER 
Cuts  and  elevates  silage  with  less 
power  than  any  other  cutter.  Easy 
to  sot  up  and  operate;  no  wood  to 
twist  and  warp;  elevates  over  50  feet 
without  clogging.  Write  for  booklet, 
“How  to  Prepare  Ensilage,”  FREE, 

PAPEC  MACHINE  CO.,  Box  10.  Shorlsvlllo,  N.  I.  WL 

Distributing  points:  yM 

Des  Moines  Silo  &  Mfg.  Co.,  lies  Moines.  Ia.  %% 
Westorn  Implement  Co.,  Indianapolis.  I  ml. 

Da  liman  &  Cooper  Co.,  Fond  du  Lac,  Wls. 


Kills  All  Ticks 

ONE  DIPPING 


►64  years  experience  prove  truth  of  this  < 
statement.  Every  tick  and  nit  absolutely 
destroyed  if  you  use 

Cooper  Dip 

The  only  dip  that  killsALL  ticks  in  ONE  dipping— 
Cooper’s  Is  sure  scab  destroyer.  Increases  growth 
and  Improves  quality  of  woo] .  Perfect  skin  tonic. 
Results  considered  Iseheapestdip  on  market.  Used 
ou  300  million  sheep  annually.  Handsome  Calen¬ 
dar  and  booklet  free  if  you  mention  this  paper. 

Prices:  25  gal.  pkt.  50c  100  gal.  pkt.  $1.75 

Ask  your  druggist  or  write 

SCHIEFFELIN  &  CO. 
l170  Williams  Street  New  York  City 


Continuous-Opening,  Braced 
Door  -  Frame,  Permanent 
Ladder,  Interchangeable 
Doors,  Lightest  and 
Tightest  Doors. 
Strongest  Hoops, 
Best  Materials, 
Three  Styles,  Five 
kinds  of  Lum¬ 
ber,  a  hundred 
other  advan¬ 
tages.  All 
described 
in  our 
Cata¬ 
log. 


Our 
Silo 
Catalog 
contains 
the  latest 
Information 
about  Silos. 

We  invented 
the  Modern  Silo 
and  have  led  the 
way  in  improve¬ 
ments.  We  offer  the 
largest  variety  of 
styles  and  sizes.  Send 
for  our  catalog  of  Silos 
and  Silo  Fillers.  “The 
kind  Uncle  Sam  uses.’’ 

Harder  Mfg.  Company 

BOX  I  I  COBLESKILL,  N.  Y. 


THE  IMD1LLA  SILO 

IS  THE  SENSATION  OF 
THE  AGRICULTURAL  WORLD 

Because  it  lias  an  adjustable  door 
front  to  and  from  doors. 

Because  no  hammer  is  needed  to 
release  doors. 

Because  doors  can  be  unlocked,  moved 
in  frame  and  relocked  50  times  a  minute. 

Write  for  catalogue  describing  the 
above  features  and  testimonials,  and 
our  ‘  TWENTY-FIVE  REASONS.” 

We  also  manufacture  Farm  Water 
Tubs  and  are  New  England  representa¬ 
tives  lor  Papec  Cutters  and  are  in  posi¬ 
tion  to  quote  low  prices  upon  receipt  of  Inquiry. 

Extra  discount  for  early  orders.  Agents  wanted. 
THE  UNADILLA  SILO  CO.,  Inc.,  Box  B,  UNAOILLA,  N.  Y 


GREEN  MOUNTAIN  SILOS 

Write  TODAY  for  Booklet  to 
CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MANUFACTURING  CO 
338  West  St.,  Rutland,  Vt. 


678 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


May  6, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 

E-  G.  Lewis  says  in  his  paper  of  April 
22  that  The  R.  N.-Y.  has  cost  his  en¬ 
terprises  $1,000,000.  Mr.  Lewis  ought 
to  know.  If  it  be  so,  then  The 
R.  N.-Y.  has  saved  the  people  just  a 
million  dollars.  It  is  estimated  that 
the  people  of  this  country  have  sent 
him  $10,000,000  in  10  years.  He  has  a 
great  opportunity  now  to  vindicate  him¬ 
self  and  prove  that  The  R.  N.-Y.  was 
actuated  by  selfish  motives  and  jealousy 
of  a  rival.  Let  him  return  every  cent 
of  the  $10,000,000  to  the  people  who  sent 
it  to  him.  Ordinarily  we  would  not  in¬ 
vite  such  a  severe  indictment,  but  in  this 
case  we  will  try  to  bear  it  for  the  sake 
of  the  victims. 

In  the  same  paper  he  tells  his  con¬ 
fiding  creditors  that  The  R.  N.-Y. 
charges  10  per  cent  for  collecting  claims 
and  that  is  why  it  wants  to  get  claims 
against  him.  Of  course,  he  deliberately 
lied.  He  knew  the  testimony  in  the 
hearing  referred  to  was  that  The  R. 
N.-Y.  never  received  or  accepted  a  cent 
for  the  collection  of  an  account  for  sub¬ 
scribers  or  for  anyone  else.  We  be¬ 
lieve,  however,  that  his  combined  credi¬ 
tors  would  be  glad  to  pay  a  fee  of  a 
million  dollars  to  arQ’one  who  would  or 
could  collect  their  accounts  against  him 
in  full. 

William  IL  Hotchkiss,  New  York 
State  Superintendent  of  Insurance,  has 
appointed  Frederic  G.  Dunham  to  act 
for  him  in  liquidating  the  business  of 
the  Metropolitan  Live  Stock  Insurance 
Co.  The  policies  of  insurance  issued 
by  the  company  are  no  longer  of  value, 
in  that  they  do  not  now  afford  protec¬ 
tion  against  loss.  Policy  claims  and 
unearned  premium  claims  aggregating 
about  $4,000  have  already  been  filed, 
and  the  corporation  has  no  assets  or 
property  to  defray  even  the  necessary 
expense  of  liquidation. 

At  frequent  intervals  during  the  past 
three  or  four  years  we  have  had  inquir¬ 
ies  about  the  Telepost  Co.  stock  and 
the  Sterling  Debenture  Company,  which 
has  been  selling  it.  Our  invariable  ad¬ 
vice  has  been  that  we  found  nothing  to 
justify  an  investment.  During  all  this 
time  the  letters  and  advertising  circulars 
of  the  company  claimed  that  the  busi¬ 
ness  was  in  successful  operation ;  and 
the  officers  of  the  company  protested 
most  vigorously  because  we  said  plainly 
that  we  had  not  been  able  to  locate  a 
single  post  or  a  rod  of  wire.  All  cor¬ 
porations  are  obliged  to  file  statements 
of  their  earnings  and  expense  as  the 
basis  for  paying  an  income  tax  to  the 
Federal  Government.  Munsey’s  Maga¬ 
zine  has  examined  the  report  filed  by 
the  Telepost  Co.  for  the  year  1909,  and 
finds  that  these  items  of  the  report  are 
blank,  indicating  that  it  has  no  income 
and  no  operating  expense.  Filed  with 
the  report,  according  to  Munsey’s,  is  a 
statement  to  the  effect  that  all  expendi¬ 
tures  thus  far  have  been  considered  as 
for  development  and  capitalization.  We 
have  never  been  able  to  induce  the  offi¬ 
cers  of  the  company  to  furnish  a  state¬ 
ment  of  the  amount  of  stock  sold,  and 
the  income  from  same,  nor  a  statement 
of  the  actual  present  assets  of  the  com¬ 
pany,  if  it  has  any.  All  we  have  been 
told  is  that  the  company  is  authorized 
to  issue  $18,000,000  of  stock,  and  that 
the  stock  is  trusteed  so  that  it  cannot 
fall  into  the  hands  of  competitors. 
Munscy’s  has  found  that  there  are  really 
nine  companies  instead  of  one,  and  $33,- 
210,000  authorized  capital  instead  of 
$18,000,000,  the  other  companies  being 
apparently  subsidiary  companies  organ¬ 
ized  in  various  States.  We  know  the 
promoters  of  the  company  wear  good 
clothes,  and  look  as  if  they  lived  well. 
They  occupy  palatial  offices,  and  use  ex¬ 
pensive  stationery.  We  think  they  stop 
in  high-priced  hotels  and  travel  in  palace 
cars.  All  of  this  and  more  may  be  said 
of  the  gentlemen  who  control  the  Ster¬ 
ling  Debenture  Co.,  which  acts  as  sell¬ 
ing  agent  for  the  stock.  We  know  that 
the  letters  they  write  and  the  circulars 
they  print  and  the  postage  they  pay  must 
run  into  thousands  of  dollars  monthly. 
This  thing  has  gone  on  for  several  years. 
On  their  own  sworn  statements  there 
was  no  earning  up  to  January  1,  1910, 
and  they  have  refused  to  say  that  there 
is  any  since.  That  makes  it  clear  that 
at  least  all  the  expense  comes  out  of  the 
money  paid  in  for  stock.  The  Munsey 
report  simply  confirms  what  we  told  you 
three  years  ago,  but  makes  it  more  defi¬ 
nite  through  their  enforced  report. 

Rev.  Dr.  Charles  H.  Parkhurst  is  one 
of  the  five  who  have  consented  to  act  as 
voting  trustees  for  the  stock.  The  doc¬ 
tor  seems  to  think  he  has  no  responsi¬ 
bility  beyond  the  mere  function  of  hold¬ 


ing  the  stock  and  voting  it  as  provided 
for  in  the  charter.  We  think  he  has. 
Mr.  Sellers,  the  president  of  the  Tele¬ 
post  Company,  has  used  Dr.  Parkhurst’s 
name  to  us  as  assurance  of  his  good 
faith.  No  doubt  he  did  the  same  to 
others.  It  is  a  natural  inference  that  the 
names  of  prominent  men  were  selected 
with  a  view  to  the  effect  on  stock  sales. 
Such  men  owe  it  to  themselves  as  well 
as  to  the  public  to  refuse  to  allow  their 
names  to  be  used  in  schemes  with  which 
they  are  unfamiliar  and  in  the  affairs 
and  direction  of  which  they  have  no 
part. 

A  friend  wants  me  to  ask  you  about  the 
Henry  X.  Roach  Co.,  brokers,  of  New  York, 
of  whom  II.  It.  Raymond  and  H.  W.  Par¬ 
ker  are  the  surviving  partners.  s.  a.  b. 

New  York. 

Tell  your  friend  to  forget  this  con¬ 
cern  just  as  quick  as  she  can.  If  she 
has  put  any  money  into  the  American 
Tanning  Co.  or  any  other  that  they  have 
promoted,  charge  it  to  experience,  and 
try  to  make  it  a  paying  investment  by 
avoiding  such  temptations  in  the  future. 

I  have  lately  received  86.10  from  Adams 
Express  Company  in  settlement  of  claim  for 
box  of  dressed  poultry  shipped  to  New  York 
October  28  at  the  commencement  of  the 
strike  of  deliverymen  against  the  Adams 
Express  Company,  and  which  I  turned  over 
to  you  for  collection.  I  am  satisfied  I 
would  not  have  received  payment  except  for 
your  help.  If  they  had  notified  the  agent 
in  time  the  goods  would  not  have  been 
shipped,  but  they  failed  to  do  so. 

New  York.  mbs.  h.  s. 

The  express  company  evidently  real¬ 
ized  their  responsibility,  as  the  agent  at 
West  Vienna  had  not  been  notified  that 
a  strike  was  in  progress,  and  continued 
to  receive  shipments  from  farmers.  As 
these  goods  were  perishable,  an  entire 
loss  was  sustained  by  the  shipper.  The 
express  company  claimed  that  the  delay 
was  incidental  to  the  strike  and  was  a 
condition  over  which  they  had  no  con¬ 
trol,  but  we  held  that  failure  to  notify 
shipper  of  conditions  placed  the  respon¬ 
sibility  on  them.  The  express  compan¬ 
ies  are  very  technical  about  their  re¬ 
sponsibility  in  the  event  of  strikes,  ad¬ 
verse  weather  conditions,  etc.,  but  where 
liability  is  established,  settlements  are 
finally  effected. 

I  inclose  booklet  of  the  Growers’  and 
Shippers'  Exchange,  and  wish  to  learn 
something  of  their  real  worth  and  reliabil¬ 
ity.  Does  the  statement  that  stock  is 
non-assessable  relieve  holders  from  re¬ 
sponsibility  of  their  debts?  The  man  who 
came  here  said  he  was  only  an  employe. 
How  much  will  his  statements  bind  the 
company?  M-  w- 

New  York. 

This  is  the  kind  of  a  cooperation 
company  that  we  are  glad  to  indorse. 
It  is  a  company  by  farmers  for  farm¬ 
ers,  organized  by  themselves.  Outside 
promoters  have  had  nothing  to  do  with 
it.  It  may  succeed  in  its  purpose,  and 
it  may  not,  but  it  will  be  worth  all  it 
cost  in  any  event.  It  is  a  form  of  co¬ 
operation  in  selling  farm  products  that 
is  sure  to  prevail  in  the  future;  and  the 
high  character  and  ability  of  the  men 
behind  this  company  is  a  favorable 
promise  for  its  success.  The  purpose, 
as  I  understand  it,  is  to  establish  or 
at  least  encourage  the  grading  of  farm 
products,  especially  fruits,  and  to  look 
after  the  marketing  of  them  in  car  lots. 
If  producers  realized  the  results  of  such 
a  movement  it  would  not  be  a  question 
of  who  would  become  a  stockholder  but 
who  could  become  one.  The  stock¬ 
holder  is  not  responsible  for  company 
debts  under  this  form  of  charter,  but  the 
agent  of  the  company  has  no  authority 
in  any  company  to  arrange  details  with 
stockholders  of  the  company.  That  is  a 
matter  fixed  by  the  charter  and  by-laws. 
We  have  so  many  alleged  cooperative 
schemes  fixed  up  by  promoters  for  their 
own  benefit  that  we  have  to  denounce, 
it  is  a  relief  to  find  oTie  taken  up  by 
farmers  themselves  that  we  can  com¬ 
mend. 

Your  favor  of  April  20  received  with 
check  for  $100.  I  return  my  sincere  thanks 
for  what  you  have  accomplished  for  us, 
and  trust  that  I  may  be  able  to  be  of 
some  benefit  to  you,  at  least  in  the  line  of 
securing  a  few  subscribers  to  The  R.  N.-Y., 
and  herewith  hand  you  a  list  of  two  yearly 
and  four  10-week  subscribers  with  draft 
for  same.  w.  h.  g. 

Pennsylvania. 

We  simply  helped  this  man  to  get 
back  a  small  part  of  his  investment  in 
a  bad  real  estate  deal,  and  his  ready 
appreciation  more  than  pays  for  the  ser¬ 
vice.  Besides,  he  does  not  leave  the  fa¬ 
vor  all  on  one  side.  He  renders  the  kind 
of  service  to  do  the  most  good  when  he 
goes  among  his  neighbors  and  makes 
them  acquainted  with  The  R.  N.-Y.  by 
sending  their  subscriptions.  We  would 
not  need  to  bargain  in  advance  with  our 
people,  even  if  we  exacted  return  for  a 
service,  which  we  do  not.  We  seldom 
find  an  opportunity  to  serve  them  with¬ 
out  their  coming  back  with  another  ser¬ 
vice  in  return.  J.  J.  d. 


Rhode  Island  Reds  Yield  Big  Profits 

Many  a  farmer  has  made  a  big  dent  in  his 
mortgage  by  the  help  of  Rhode  Island  Reds. 

Walter  Sherman’s  Book  Tells  You 
All  About  These  Wonderful  Fowls 

How  easy  they  are  to  take  care  of.  How  fine 
they  are  for  table  use.  What  prolific  layers  they 
are.  Even  tells  you  how  to  take  care  of  them 
when  sick.  Every  poultry  man  should  havo  a 
copy.  The  pictures  in  this  hook  are  true  to  life, 
each  from  a  photograph  taken  on  his  place.  Two 
of  them  by  the  new  French  color  process. 
Show  the  birds  in  their  natural  colors.  So 
real  that  you  almost  expect  them  to  move. 

How  to  get  this  book  FREE 

Send  20  cents  (50  cents  would  be  a  low  price). 
With  each  book  is  given  a  rebate  coupon 
worth  20  cents  on  your  first  order  for  2  settings 
of  eggs.  Send  for  the  hook  today. 

Walter  Sherman,  25  Boulevard,  Newport,  R.I. 

Van  Alstyne’s  Rhode  Island  Reds 

10  Utility  Cockerels  at  $3.00  each;  100  S.  C.  Year¬ 
ling  Hens  at  $2.00  each;  50  S.  C.  surplus  Pullets  at 
$2.50  each.  Eggs  for  hatching  in  any  number. 

JAS.  E.  VAN  ALSTTNE,  Kimlerliook,  N.Y. 

Eggs  For  Hatching-;;, I;!:;;:1' 

Indian  Runner  Ducks.  High-class  stock — 
utility,  show  or  export.  SINCLAIR  SMITH,  002 
Fifth  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

A  nefin’c  S.  C.  R.  1.  REDS— Bred  to  lay  and  they 
AVUSim  a  <]0  1  ay .  Eggs  $1.50  per  15,  $0.00  per  100 
AUSTIN  POULTRY  FARM,  Centre  Harbor,  N.  II. 

THE  FARMER’S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 

1  layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 

THE  BEST  S.  C.  REDS 

. . .  ARE  .  .  . 

DAVIS’  200  EGG  STRAIN 

FAA(  Utility . $1  per  13;  $0  per  100 

ELIlllw  Special  Matings  ...  $2  per  13;  $10  per  100 

Hot  Water  Incubator  Baby  Chicks  ....  $15  per  100 
Book  Orders  Now  Circular  Free 

DAVIS  POULTRY  FARM,  Berlin,  Mass. 

NEW  POULTRY  BOOK 

■  Ala|i  donkey's  new,  big,  80-pnge  illus- 

J  81  §T  II BBT  trnted  guide  for  beginners,  and 
m  w  reference  for  experienced  poul- 

trymen.  Up-to-date  housing  methods,  feeding,  hatch¬ 
ing,  saving  the  chicks;  now  to  prevent  and  treat 
disease.  Chickens,  turkeys,  ducks,  geese.  There’s  a 
copy  for  you  for  the  asking.  Send  name,  also  name  of 
nearest  poultry  supply  dealer,  and  4c  (stamps)  for  postage, 
THU  G.  E.  CONKEY  COMPANY 

69  Commercial  Bldg.  (45)  Cleveland,  Ohio 

KTtWS  POULTRY  SUPPLIES 

Everything  for  the  poultryman  at  low  prices;  Auto¬ 
matic  Feeders,  Hall  Mammoth  and  Model  Incuba¬ 
tors,  Feed,  Remedies,  Hen-e-ta,  Rat  Corn,  Liverine, 
Leg  Bands, etc.  Prompt  shipments.  W rite  f  orcatalog. 

HARRIES  &  BENEDICT  CO.  "KKH"- 

MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coai-se  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1844 

R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill,  N.  Y 

Pn|||  T0YMCN_Send  10  cents  for  our  fine  60- 
lU  U  L  1  11  I  111  Lll  page  Illustrated  Catalogue. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Marietta,  Fa. 

DMII  TRY-35  Best  Bree6s— Bred  for 

■  U U L  1  HI  Laying — Choice  eggs  for  hatch¬ 
ing.  Large  circular  illustrated  in  colors  free.  Also 
a  few  fine  O.  I.  C.  Pigs  for  sale.  Address 

JOHN  E.  HEATWOLE,  Harrisonburg,  Virginia. 

'THOROUGH-BRED  POULTRY— Best  twenty  varieties, 
Good  stock.  Eggs,  15,  $1:  40,  $2.  Catalogue. 
H.  K.  MOHR,  Quakertown,  Pa.,  Route  3. 

f)  ft  EGGS  $1.00 — Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
L  U  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Dirge  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 

EGGS — $1  per  15,  $2  per  40  of  Thor.  Brahman.  Rocks,  Wyan¬ 
dottes,  Rede,  Minorcas,  Honda  ns,  L^horns,  Hamburgs;  19  var., 
28  years’  experience.  Catalogue.  S.  K.  Mohr,  Coopers  burg,  Pa. 

RUFF  ORPINGTON  EGGS— 15,  $1.00;  30,  $1,50;  100,  $4.00. 
D  White  Holland  Turkey  Eggs— 9.  $2.50;  18,  $4.50. 
Fowls  on  free  range.  W.  A.  L0THERS,  Perulack,  Pa. 

CINE  QUALITY  ORPINGTONS,  black  and  white.  Owens’ 
■  and  Cook’s  strains.  $2  and  $3  per  sitting.  $10 
per  100.  Rev.  J.  D.  GRAHAM  Lyonsville,  Mass. 

BUFF  ORPINGTON  DUCKS  sSSs 

B.  O.  Ducks,  the  world  greatest  layers;  have  twice 
won  Australian  laying  contests.  My  ducks  have 
three  years  unbeaten  show  record.  List  furnished. 

DUNliOIJIN  FAKM,  Chatham,  New  Jersey 

Indian  Runner  Ducks,  S.  G,  White  Leghorns 

Eggs  for  Hatching.  Send  for  Circular. 

F.  J.  FULLER,  Waterport,  Orleans  County,  Now  York 

IMHITE  EGG  STRAIN  INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS-Thor- 

¥ V  oughhred,  vigorous  birds.  Wonderful  layers 
of  large  white  eggs;  mated  with  imported  drakes, 
well  marked,  fawn  and  white;  $2.00  for  15;  Buff 
Orpingtons,  $1.50  for  15.  Liberal  discount  for  incu¬ 
bator  eggs.  Cheeky  Hill  Farms,  Pittstown,  N.  J. 

1 11(1  Inn  Runner  Pucks,  $1  per  pair,  from  260-egg  strain. 
Eggs,  $1.00  and  S2.00  per  12.  C.  GORDON,  Speakers,  N.  Y. 

The  Big  White  Egg  Makers 

Rose  Comb  Black  Minorcas,  Indian  Runner  Ducks. 

The  Big  White  Birds 

Crystal  White  Orpingtons — Utilities,  Beauties. 
Year  round  layers.  Eggs  for  hatching.  Circular 
free.  F.  N.  ADAMS,  Route  1,  Orwell,  Ohio. 

U/ILD  AND  BRONZE  TURKEY  EGGS-Chicken  Eggs.  Hand- 

stamp,  showing  pure  wild  gobbler  from  the  moun¬ 
tain.  VALLEY  VIEW  POULTRY  FARM,  Belleville,  Pa. 

Barred  Plymouth  Roofc^SSRSSP  Sffi: 

raised  birds.  Great  laying  strain.  $1.25  per  15; 
$4.50  per  100.  CHAS.  T.  DOWNING,  West  Chester,  Pa. 

A  A  O  from  high  record  W.  P.  Rock  Hens,  $2 
S*  IS  IV  ^  for  15,  $5  for  45.  Incubator  eggs  $0  pci 
100.  A.  S.  BRIAN,  Mt.  Kisco,  N.  Y. 

Barred  Plymouth  Rocks E«V ”«™s 

Prompt  shipments  of  properly  packed,  guaranteed 
stock.  “Afton  Farm”  strain  excels  as  winter  layers, 
develop  quickly  and  in  large  numbers  because  of 
their  hardiness.  Lowest  prices  for  high  grade 
stock.  Send  today  for  free  catalog,  “Facts  From 
Afton  Farm." 

AFTON  FARM,  Box  D-l,  Yardley,  Pa. 

PRIZE  WINNING  STRAINS  !  &Tftde 

dottes,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  both  combs,  Single 
Comb  White  and  Brown  Leghorns,  eggs  $1.50,  15; 
$7.00,  100.  Light  and  Lark  Brahmas,  $2.00,  15.  Cat¬ 
alog  gratis.  P.  M.  PRESCOTT,  Riverdale,  N.  J. 


SPECIAL  OFFER-White  Rock  Eggs.  $1  ^  15;  $5  $  100. 
Partridge  Cochin  Eggs,  $1.25  1$  15;  $0.00  ^  100. 
Partridge  Wyandotte  Eggs.  $1.00  $  15;  $5.00  ^  100. 
Barred  Rock  Eggs.  $1.25  15 ;  $7.00  ^  100. 

Fresh  eggs  from  good  stock,  free  range  and  healthy. 

Circular  prices  hold  on  your  choice  of  matings. 
MINCH  BROS.,  R-3,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 


WHITE  WYANDOTTES  EXCLUSIVELY 

Free  range,  extra  good  winter  laying  strain,  $1.00  per 
15  eggs;  $5.00  per  100.  F.  CYRUS  TWINING,  Pineville,  Pa. 


KEAN’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTES 

Bred  for  large  size,  heavy  laying  and  fancy  pur¬ 
poses.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  setting;  $5.00perl00,  for  re¬ 
mainder  of  season.  Address 

E.  FRANKLIN  KEAN  ....  Stanley,  N.  Y. 


SP  WHITE  LEGHORNS,  Barred  Plymouth  Hocks, 
■  Ui  (I  Mammoth  White  Pekin  Ducks,  Stock 
hatching  eggs,  chicks,  ducklings.  Circular.  Est.  1904 
Abovo  Poultry  Farm.  Chatham,  Morris  Co.  N.  J. 


WRIGHT’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTE  WINNERS-Eggs,  $4.53 

for  100.  Baby  Chix,  $12.50  for  100:  $7.00for50. 
GRAND  VIEW  FARM,  Stanfordville,  N.  Y. 


RICHLAND  FARMS. 

Breeders  and  Exhibitors 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS, 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS, 

S.  C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS. 


HATCHING  EGGS 
Half  Price  After  May  1st. 

S.  C.  White  Leghorns. 
One  Setting.  15  eggs  $1.00 
Two  Settings,  30  eggs. .  1.75 

One  hundred  eggs . 4.00 

One  thousand  eggs . 35.00 

White  Plymouth  Rocks 
&  S.  C.  Black  Orpingtons 
1  Setting,  15  eggs, $1.25  &$2.50 

300  eggs . $7.00  & $14.00 

Fertility  Guaranteed. 
RICHLAND  FARMS, 


BABY  CHICKS. 
100  or  less,  each.. ..15c 
500  or  more,  eacli  1216c 
White  Plymouth 
Rocks  &  S.  C.  Black 
Orpingtons. 

100  or  less,  each. ...25c 
We  guarantee  safe 
arrival  of  chicks  in 
first-class  condition. 
Frederick,  Md. 


CHICKS  Baby  CHICKS 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORN  CHICKS  of  Standard  Quality. 

Wo  guarantee  chicks  to  be  hatched  from  eggs  laid 
by  our  own  breeders  and  shipped  only  when  day-old. 

We  Can  Please  You.  We  Will  Please  You. 

Mammoth  Hot  Water  Incubator  having  a  capa¬ 
city  of  10,200  eggs. 

Have  Your  Orders  Booked.  Circular  Free. 

SPRING  WATER  POULTRY  FARM,  Stockton,  New  Jersey. 


LAKEHILL  FARM 

W.  H.  THACHEIt. 

Single  and  Rose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W.  P-  Rocks 
and  Imp.  Pekin  Ducks.  Cockerels  and  Ducks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  in  any  quantity  from  $2  up. 
Chicks,  $15  per  100.  Ducklings,  $25  per  100.  Write 
for  special  prices  in  large  lots.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  of  hatching  eggs  and  day  old  chicks 
and  ducklings.  Safe  delivery  and  satisfaction 
guaranteed.  CARLW.  LLOYD,  Mgr,, 

Hillside,  Westchester  County.  N.  Y. 


Bonnie  Brae  White  Leg- 
horns  and  Pekin  Ducks  ffMHJ 

ready;  also  some  choice  matings  of  Barred  and 
White  Plymouth  Rocks,  Rose  Comb  White  Leg¬ 
horns,  White  Wyandottes,  Single  and  Rose  Comb 
Rhode  Island  Reds,  Light  Brahmas,  Mammoth 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Pearl  Guinea  Fowl.  Orders 
for  early  settings  and  baby  chicks  now  hooked. 
Get  some  prize  matings  at  right  prices.  BONNIE 
BRAE  POULTRY  FARM,  NEW  ROCHELLE,  N.  Y.  Largest 
successful  plant  in  New  York  vicinity.  10,000-egg 
capacity.  Agents  for  Cyphers  Incubator  Company. 
Correspondence  invited.  


BABY  CHICKS,  10c.  EACH 

From  free-range  selected  S.C. WhiteLeghorns  in  any 
quantity;  safe  arrival  guaranteed,  Circulars  free. 

Chas.R.  Stone,  Baby  Chick. Farm,  Staatsburg-on-Hudson.N.Y. 


Dill  I  CTQ— s-  c-  w-  LEGHORNS— Booking  orders 
•  HULL  I  O  future  delivery.  Hatching  eggs  from 
vigorous  birds  for  prompt  shipment.  Limited 
number  choice  breeders.  Lakewood  and  Youngs 
strains.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington,  N.  J. 


Buff,  Wh.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  S.  C.  R.  I.  Red. 
Eggs,  90c.  per  15,  $1.50  per  30.  $2.75  per  00,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  Pa. 


YXTYCKOFF-BLANCHARD  strains  Single-Comb 
””  White  Leghorns,  $1.25  setting.  Heavy  laying 
Rose-Comb  Black  Minorcas,  $1.50  setting.  Circular. 
HIGH  RIDGE  POULTRY  FARM,  Laurel.  Md. 


EMPIRE  STATE  S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Winners  at  N.  Y.  State  Fair.  Heavy  layers;  trios. 
$5.  Eggs  for  hatching,  $1  for  15,  $5  for  100.  Cata¬ 
logue  free.  C.  II.  ZIMMER,  Weedsport,  N.  Y. 


S.  C,  White  Leghorns  SsSfES-pJSNES 

I  ol/nuioui  Co  rm  ous,  mature  birds.  Free  range.  700 
LdnGllGn  I  U I  III  Pullets  and  Hens  for  sale  reasonably 


to  make  room  for  young  stock,  getting  over  400  eggs  per 
day  from  same.  Eggs  and  Stock.  R.F.D.  2,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 


DTRDS  OF  QUALITY,  Bred  to  lay  ;  S.  C.  W.  Leghorn 
4 '  Hatching  Eggs,  $6  per  100;  Chicks,  $12  per  100. 
S.  C.  R.  I.  Red  Eggs,  $8  per  100;  Chicks,  $15  per  100. 

THE  WINONA  FARMS  .  Drawer  272  .  LANSDALE,  PA. 


BABY  CHICKS— Single  Comb  White  Leghorns, 
Rose  Comb  Rhode  Island  Reds,  10c  and  12c  each. 
Strong  and  livable.  From  vigorous  free  range  stock, 
bred  for  utility  and  standard  qualities.  Safe  delivery 
guaranteed.  WESLEY  GR1NNELL,  Sodus,  N.  Y. 


|  |]  We  ehlp 

||  Uflolok  from 
Bt-  Paul,  Buffalo, 
j  Kansas  City  or 
i  Racine. 

E4  at  any  price 
are  better.  Satisfaction  guar¬ 
anteed.  Write  for  book  today 
or  send  price  now  and  save  time. 

Belle  City  Incubator  Company,  Box 


i55  Buys  Best 

140-Egg  Incubator 

Double  cases  all  over  -.best  copper 
tank;  nursery,  seif-regulating. 
Best  140-chick  hot-water  brooder, 
$4.85.  Both  ordered  together, 

$11.50.  Freight 
Rockies). 

No  machines 


LIFE  PRODUCERS 

SUCCESSFUL  INCUBATORS 

LIFE  PRESERVERS 

SUCCESSFUL  BROODERS 

The  only  machines  that  rival  the  mothei 
hen.  Sold  on  a  Direct-to-You  Fac¬ 
tory  Price.  Get  our  Big  FREfc.  Incubator  Book  and  save 
40%.  Send  postal  now.  Booklet, “Proper  Care  and  Feeding 
of  small  Chicks.  Ducks  and  Turkeys"  sent  for  10c. 

OES  MOINES  INCUBATOR  C0.t  90  Second  Si..  Dec  Ko'nes,  Ife 


3911. 


THR  RURAIi  NEW-YORKER 


670 


n 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  May  6,  1911. 
FARM  TOPICS. 

Immigrating  to  New  York  State.-  Part 


il .  558 

A  Year's  Work  in  Potato  Breeding.  .  . .  559 

Carbide  Residuum  for  Fertilizer .  560 

Green  Manure  Crop . 560 

Preparing  for  Potatoes . ' .  560 

Rotation  from  Old  Soil .  560 

How  He  Slakes  Lime .  560 

Keeping  Up  the  Fertility .  561 

More  About  the  Manure  Spreader .  561 

Hungarian  Grass  or  Millet .  563 

Canada  Thistles  .  563 

Eastern  Shore  Lands .  564 

Spray  Mixture  and  Cattle . 564 

At  hen  Crimson  Clover  Fails .  565 

Stable  Manure  Compared  with  Ferti¬ 
lizer  .  565 

Hope  Farm  Notes  .  566 

Saved  the  Home .  566 

Corn  . 567 

Corn  Acreage  .  569 

Chemicals  and  Clover .  577 


LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 


Mule  Raising  . 

How  to  Hobble  a  Cow . 

Rats,  Mice  and  Hens . 

Weasel  that  Eats  Oxen . 

A  “Back  to  the  Land”  Cow . 

Breeding  Up  Holstein  Cows . 

More  Experience  with  Horse  Com¬ 
panies  . 

Pigs  and  Molasses . 

Ration  for  Guernseys . 

Changing  from  Silage . 

Ration  for  Work  Horses  and  Mules.... 

Value  of  Oat  Hay . 

Alfalfa  .Makes  Good  Stock . 

Tax  on  Milk . 

“Come  Back”  . 

Consider  the  Profit . 

That  Celebrated  Guernsey  Case . 

Live  Stock  in  the  South . 

Pig  Experience  . 

Reciprocity  and  New  England  Milk.... 
Wanted,  a  White-egged  “American”.. 

Shipping  Baby  Chicks . 

The  Egg-eating  Habit . 

Trouble  with  Turkeys . 


r>o  i 
558 
558 
558 
572 
572 


572 

572 

573 
573 
573 
573 
573 
573 

573 
5  7 1 

574 
574 
574 
57  5 
576 
576 
576 
576 


HORTICULTURE. 

Apple  Conditions  in  Central  Illi¬ 
nois  . 557,  558 

Apple  Maggot  or  “Railroad  Worm”....  559 

One-man  Spray  Rig .  560 

Use  of  Old  Sawdust .  560 

Alfalfa  in  a  Mulched  Orchard .  561 

Spraying  in  Nebraska .  562 

Grapevines  with  Little  Fruit .  563 

Fruits  for  Northeastern  New  York....  563 

English  Walnut  in  Pennsylvania .  563 

Pears  in  Michigan .  563 

Selling  those  Oklahoma  Peaches .  564 

Those  Barren  Quince  Trees .  565 

The  Culture  of  Holly .  565 

Shrubs  Propagated  from  Cuttings.  .  . .  567 

Treatment  of  Calla .  567 

Black  Spot  and  Mildew  on  Roses .  567 


WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 


Woman  and  the  Home.  4 .  570 

My  .lungle  Garden .  570 

Crullers,  Doughnuts  and  Oleykoeks. . . .  570 

The  Rural  Patterns .  571 

The  Real  Things  of  Home-making..'...  571 
Crescent  Sandwiches  .  571 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

Tar  Paper  and  Cement . 

A  Bold  Swindle  in  Soap . 

Coal  Ashes  in  Concrete . 

An  Old-time  Fake . 

"Blood  Money”  . 

Products,  Prices  and  Trade . 

Working  Dogs  . 

Making  Cement  Pipe . 

'Florida’s  Water  Power . 

Editorials  . . . 

Other  People’s  Money . 

Events  of  the  Week . 

Publisher’s  Desk  . 

Humorous  . 


558 

559 

560 

561 

561 

562 
562 
564 
566 

568 

569 
56!  > 
578 
580 


MARKETS. 

(  Continued  f  rom  page  677. ) 

LIVE  POULTRY 

There  is  a  considerable  accumulation  of 
stock  and  prices  on  fowls  lower. 


Chickens,  Broilers,  lb . 10  @  .40 

Fowls  .  13  ®  .14 

Roosters .  .09  @  .10 

Ducks . 13  @  .14 

Geese . .09  ©  .10 

Turkeys . 13  ©  .13 

DRESSED  POULTRY— Fresh  Killed 

Fowls  and  roosters  in  fair  supply,  but 
trade  dull.  Broilers  selling  well. 

Turkeys.  Fancy . 17  ©  18 

Common  to  Good . 15  ®  .10 

Chickens,  fancy  broilers,  1b .  35  la)  .40 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 25  ©  .30 

Fowls .  14  @  .10 

Squabs,  dor. .  1.75  @  4.25 

DRESSED  POULTRY-FltOZEN 

Trade  in  roasting  chickens  good.  Other 
stock  generally  dull. 

Turkeys,  best . 22  ©  .23 

Chickens,  milk-fed  broilers . 22  ©  .26 

Corn-fed  broilers . 15  ©  .22 

Milk-fed  roasters . 17  ©  .18 14 

Corn-fed  roasters . 15  @  .10 

Fowls . * .  12  ©  .15 

Ducks,  best . 15  <g>  .10 

Common  to  good  . . 13  @  .14 

Geese . 07  @  .11 


COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 
Calves  in  moderate  supply,  but  business 
very  slow.  Hothouse  lambs  running  poor, 
a  good  many  selling  under  $4. 

Calves,  good  to  prime . 08  @  .09 

Common . 00  @  .07 

Lambs,  hothouse,  head . 3.00  ©  5.50 

Pork,  light . 09  ffi  .10 

Medium  to  heavy . 06  ©  .08}£ 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Market  active  on  higher  grades  of  Tim¬ 
othy  and  clover.  Low  grades  accumulating 
and  dull. 


Day,  No.  1,  ton . 25.00  ©  26.00 

No.  2 . 22.00  @  24.00 

No.  3 . 18.00  ©  19.00 

Clover  Mixed . 15.00  ©  21  00 

Clover . . . 12.00  ©  19.00 

Straw,  Rye .  9.00  @  10.00 

Oat  and  Wheat .  8.00  ©  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers.  100  lbs  . 5.00  ®  6.65 

Oxen  and  Stags .  4.50  ©6.00 

Cows .  2.00  ®  4.50 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 6.00  ©  7.00 

Culls  .  4.00  ©  4.50 

Sheep,  ioo  lbs .  2.25  &  4.00 

Lambs . 5.50  ©  6.00 

Hogs . 6.00  @  7.0(1 


GRAIN 


Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring  ... 

. ..  1.06 

© 

No.  2,  lied . 

. . .  .95 

© 

No.  1  Macaroni . 

. . .  .95 

® 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 

. . .  .53 

la) 

.58 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 

® 

.39 

Hye . 

® 

.80 

MILL  FEED 


Spring  Bran,  ton . 26.25  ©  27.50 

Standard  Middlings .  27.00  ©  28.00 

Red  Dog .  28.00  @  29.00 

Hominy  Chop .  22.50  ®  23.00 

Linseed  Meal .  33.00  ®  34.00 

Corn  Meal .  23.00  ©  24.00 


COTTON 


New  York,  Middling  Upland .  15.25 

Middling  Gulf . 15.50 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling . . 14.70 

Good  Middling .  15.60 

WOOL 

NewYork Fleeces,  Delaine,  unwashed. .  22  ©  .23 

Ohio  half  blood  combing . 25  ©  .26 

Kentucky,  three-eighths  blood . 24  ®  .25 

Michigan,  half  blood . 24  @  .25 

TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadleaf-llller . 08  ©  .10 

Finewrppers . 50  @  .60 

N.  Y. State  Fillers . 05  @  .06 

Fine  and  Selections . 12  ©  .16 

Ohio  Zimmer  s  Spanish . 19  @  .20 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 07  @  .09 

Dark  Leaf . 10  ©  .20 

Bright  Cutters . 12  ®  .30 


AILING  ANIMALS. 

Cow  With  Brain  Trouble. 

What  is  the  matter  with  my  cow  I  first 
noticed  her  about  two  weeks  ago ;  she 
comes  out  of  the  barn  and  turns  around  to 
the  left,  but  lately  she  turns  either  way, 
holds  her  head  to  one  side  and  acts  queer. 
She  oats  well,  chews  her  cud,  and  gives  a 
good  llow  of  milk.  c.  w.  b. 

The  symptoms  indicate  derangement  of 
the  brain,  but  this  often  is  associated  with 
indigestion.  Lessen  her  food  and  increase 
exercise.  Give  a  full  dose  of  epsom  salts 
(one  pound)  and  afterward  keep  bowels 
acting  freely  by  feeding  succulent  or  laxa¬ 
tive  foods.  She  may  do  better  when  grass 
can  be  had.  a.  s.  a. 

Texas  Fever. 

What  is  the  best  treatment  to  administer 
to  cows  stricken  with  Texas  fever?  The 
symptoms  are  high  fever,  sudden  stop  of 
flow  of  milk,  constipation  and  retention  of 
urine.  The  subject  often  dies  within  24 
hours  after  stricken,  hut  sometimes  will 
linger  for  two  or  three  days.  h.  w.  u. 

We  are  sorry  to  say  that  we  can  suggest 
no  lim*  of  treatment  that  would  be  likely  to 
save  the  animals.  No  remedial  treatment 
has  ever  been  found.  Prevention,  therefore, 
is  of  prime  importance.  It  is  .had  by  keep¬ 
ing  the  cattle  free  from  the  ticks  which 
carry  the  contagion.  a.  s.  a. 

Chorea. 

I  have  a  large  dog  which  has  good  appe¬ 
tite,  hut  is  falling  all  over  himself.  Ills 
legs  are  all  shaken  ;  besides  he  has  two 
sores  where  the  hair  has  disappeared.  We 
put  ointment  on  the  two  spots,  hut  find 
no  results.  l.  k. 

Long  Island. 

The  dog  apparently  has  chorea  (St. 
Vitus’  dance)  which  is  practically  incur¬ 
able.  Hair  cannot  he  made  to  grow  if  the 
hair  roots  have  been  destroyed.  Apply  a 
little  sulphur  ointment  once'  daily.  As  a 
tonic  give  twice  daily  three  drops'  of  Fow¬ 
ler's  solution  of  arsenic  and  increase  a 
drop  or  so  daily  until  ill  effects,  such  as 
diarrhoea,  begin  to  show,  at  which  stage  go 
hack  to  the  first  dose  and  repeat.  Let  him 
live  an  outdoor  life  as  much  as  possible. 

a.  s.  A. 

Irregular  Teeth. 

I  have  an  old  horse  which  has  done  no 
work  all  Winter,  is  very  poor.  I  feed  him 
daily  with  three  quarts  of  bran  and  corn 
and  ground  oats.  It  seems  there  is  some¬ 
thing  wrong  with  him  ;  he  always  stretches 
his  head  even  with  his  neck  in  his  chew¬ 
ing,  also  water  runs  out  of  his  mouth  all 
the  time  every  time  he  drinks.  He  coughs 
three  or  four  times;  he  has  no  cold.  What 
is  the  matter  with  him?  What  can  I  do 
for  him?  I  give  him  plenty  of  good  cut 
hay.  a.  J.  H. 

New  Yrork. 

There  can  be  little  question  that  this 
horse  has  a  diseased  or  split  molar  tooth 
which  ought  to  be  extracted  or  that  There 
are  irregularities  of  the  molars  which  make 
proper  mastication  of  food  impossible.  Em¬ 
ploy  a  veterinary  dentist  to  put  the  teeth 
in  proper  condition.  a.  s.  a. 

Chronic  Indigestion. 

I  have  a  horse  that  will  not  take  on 
flesh  as  he  ought.  His  excrement  Is  thinner 
than  normal  and  too  free,  and  this  condi¬ 
tion  appears  to  be  chronic.  What  can  I 
do  for  him?  f.  b.  T. 

Kentucky. 

It  seldom  pays  to  bother  with  such 
chronic  cases  as  the  teeth  are  likely  to  be 
incurably  irregular  or  the  horse  may  have 
a  long,  loose,  “washy”  coupling,  and  in  that 
case  will  always  scour  when  heated  with 
work.  Have  the  teeth  attended  to.  Keep 
the  horse  clipped.  Feed  oats,  bran  and 
mixed"  hay.  If  improvement  is  slow  give 
half  an  ounce  of  Fowler’s  solution  of  ar¬ 
senic  night  and  morning  until  improvement 
is  marked,  then  discontinue  the  medicine 
gradually.  Treatment  will  not  pay  if  the 
horse  has  a  washy  coupling  and  is  cut  up 
in  the  flank  like  a  greyhound.  a.  s.  a. 

Indigestion. 

I  have  a  brood  sow  that  had  13  pigs,  five 
were  dead,  eight  alive  and  are  nice  and 
healthy.  When  the  shotes  were  six  weeks 
old  she  started  to  vomit  and  never  ate  any¬ 
thing  for  three  weeks.  I  do  not  know  what 
to  give  for  a  cure.  I  feed  clean  corn  bran 
and  slop  from  the  creamery,  sometimes 
shelled  corn.  Could  you  tell'  me  what  to 
give  for  a  cure?  p.  p.  c. 

Pennsylvania. 

Read  answer  under  head  of  “Weak  Sow.” 
Stop  all  rich  food  and  let  her  have  new 
milk,  to  which  add  limewater  at  rate  of 
one  ounce  to  the  quart  of  slop.  Make  her 
run  out  doors  as  much  as  possible.  When 
she  can  take  the  milk  without  vomiting  add 
middlings  gradually,  and  after  a  time  sub¬ 
stitute  sweet  skim-milk  gradually  for  the 
new  milk.  A  little  cornmeal  may  also  be 
worked  into  the  slop  after  she  is  doing 
well,  it  may  be  found  necessarv  to  wean 
the  pigs.  a.  s.  a. 


A  DIP  THAT  DOES  THE  WORK 

WITHOUT  INJURY 

TO  THE  ANIMAL  OR  FLEECE 
NO  BURNING  OF  THE  FIBRES; 
NO  STAINING;  NO  POISONING; 
NO  SICKENING. 

WHY  USE  DIPS  THAT  HAVE  THESE  DESTRUCTIVE 
AND  DANGEROUS  QUALITIES?  WHY  EXPERIMENT 
WITH  UNKNOWN  PREPARATIONS? 


INEXPENSIVE,  EASY  TO  USE 

PERMITTED  BY  THE  U.S  DEPARTMENT  OF 
AGRICULTURE  FOR  THE  OFFICIAL  DIPPING 
OF  SHEEP  FOR  SCAB  -=^=T' 

FOR  SALE  BY  ALL  DRUGGISTS 

WE  HAVE  BOOKLETS  GIVING  FULL  DIRECTIONS 
FOR  USE  ALSO  MANY  VALUABLE  HINTS  ON 
HANDLING  SHEEP.  WRITE  FOR  FREE  COPIES. 

Parke,  Davis  &Co 

^ - ..  DEPARTMENT  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY 

( .  &'W  \  DETROIT,  MICH. 


MAY  OFFERING 

of  Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford,  Conn.: 
Pan  tint's  Zac  Taylor,  head  of  our  Guernsey  herd, 
is  offered  for  sale  to  avoid  inbreeding:  as  fine  an 
animal  as  stands  in  U.  S.;  guaranteed  perfect  in 
every  respect.  Also  one  Yeailing  Guernsey  Bull 
sired  by  above-named  bull  and  from  a  dam  produc¬ 
ing  42  44  pounds  of  milk  per  day,  testing  5. 4-5.0. 
Three  Registered  Berkshire  Boars,  models  of  per¬ 
fection  in  form  and  points,  weighing  from  175  to  200 
pounds  each;  seven  months  old.  Four  unregistered 
but  full-blooded  C.  W.  Boars,  14  months  old;  all 
magnificent  animals;  must  bo  sold  to  make  room. 
Guaranteed  Tuttle  Strain  S.  and  J).  C.  R.  1.  R.  Eggs 
for  hatching,  $1.00  per  15;  $5,00  per  100.  Imperial 
Pokin  Duck  Eggs,  $1.00  per  11;  $7.00  per  100.  Two 
Registered  Jersey  Bull  Calves,  four  to  five  months 
old,  from  heavy  producing  stock  and  Pogis  blood. 

RED  CHOICE  STOCK  OF  EITHER  SEX 

PQLLED  AT  SPRINGDALE  FARM 

-  .  .  '  Prices  reasonable 

■  TLE  E.  J.  ADAMS,  Adams  Basin,  N.  Y* 

COWS  FOR  SALE 

60  TO  150  HEAD  ALWAYS  ON  HAND 

New  milkers  and  forward  springers,  in  car  lots, 
$.•>0.00  to  $55,00,  Tlie  big,  young,  heavy  milkers— 
Holsteins,  Guernseys,  Ayrsliires,  Dm  hams  and  big 
Devon.  Family  cows,  shipped  to  all  parts,  $60.00. 
All  cows  guaranteed.  Consult: 

P.  L.  HAWLEY 

H.  R.  Tel.  99. R.  STILLWATER,  SARATOGA  CO.,  N.  Y. 

REGISTERED  AYRSHIRES — Bull  Radnor  Fizzaway,  3 
II  years,  Dull  calf,  yearling  lieifer.  Reasonable. 
MISS  MOORE,  386  Washington  Street,  New  York. 

CTERIJXG  DILI,  FARMS— CHESHIRE 
SWINE — Orders  booked  for  Spring  Pigs  reg¬ 
istered  stock  and  grades;  large  litters  and  best  of 
breeding.  Bioelow  8  Swain,  Oodensbura,  Sussex  Co.,  N.J. 

nhpQtpr  WhitPQ  Enquiries  promptly  answered. 
OIICDICI  "miw  Eugene  t‘  Black,  Scio,  N.  Y. 

rurcm»re  The  pig  Kr°w  °u  pasture. 

1 . n  SawII  8  K  ■  \  Good  grazers,  active  and 
hardy;  cheap  pork-makers. 

OOMETHING  NICE— Duroc  Jersey  Swine,  Partridge 
O  and  Golden  Rock  Chickens,  Bourbon  Red 
Turkeys,  Embden  Geese,  Crested  White  Ducks. 

J.  H.  LEWIS,  R.  No.  2,  Cadiz,  Ohio. 

Alfalfa  Lodge  Yorkshires 

Short  Nose  Type,  March  Pigs. 

JOHN  G.  CUKTIS  -  -  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

BERKSHIRES  BOARS 

Six  months  to  one  year  old.  Grandsons  of  Star 
Masterpiece.  Prices  $20.00  to  $35.00. 

SPRING  HILL  FARM,  White  Haven,  Pa  . 

Sunny  3ank  Farm  Berkshires  For  Sale— 3  Service  Boars.  Book 

Masterpiece  and  Longfellow  Breedings.  Prices  reasonable. 
Registration  tree,  A.  F.  Junes,  |{ox  117,  Brirfgehumpton,  N.Y* 

MILCH  GOATS— Toggenberg;  %  blood  buck  kids,  perfectly 
HI  marked  ;  two  months  old.  Also  young  half-blood  buck. 
Other  grade Toggenbefgs.  E.  N.  Barrett,  Bedford  Ilills.  N.Y 

Milk  PrndlTfPIW  ,or  New  York  City  market 
milK  riuuuterfc  desil.ing  information  how  to 

form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville.  N.  Y. 

S.  C.  W.  LEGHORN  EGGS  FOR  HATCHING 

15  for  $1.50,  $7.00  per  ]00.  Baby  Chicks,  15c.  each. 
Pens  headed  by  choice  cockerels  direct  from  D.  W. 
Young.  E.  M.  YOUNG,  Edenville,  N.  Y. 

di  U.  W.  LBgllOrnS  tion,  Si'/.e,  vigor  and  whit 
ness:  100  grand  yearling  hens  mated  with  mal 
hatched  from  I).  W.  Young's  $15  eggs.  Eggs,  $1. 
per  15;  $5.00  for  100.  Baby  chicks,  $10  per  100. 

.  HICKORY  ISLAND  FARM,  Clayton,  N. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
K.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
"square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


uunNAii  1  E.C.U  i  rnuiLLl  YUUK  EYES 

Indispensable  to  the  farmer  who  epiay«,  threshes,  whitewashes, 

mills  or  in  any  disa¬ 

greeable  out  doorwork.  Abso¬ 
lutely  dust  and  wind  pmof. 
jSampIe  pair  prepaid  50c. 
Money  refunded  if  not  en¬ 
tirely  satisfactory. 

Agents  Wanted 
SPECIALTY  MANUFACTURING  CO.,  Richmond,  Va. 


RUNNING  WATER 

WHEN  AND  WHERE  YOU  WANT  IT 

Water  pumped  day  and  night  automatically 
from  nearby  stream,  pond  or  spring, 
expense  ;  no  attention  ;  no  repairs. 

FOSTER  Suty  RAM 


e.-  . 


No 
A 

is  low  In 

-  -  -  -  - -  first  cost 

,and  high  in  efficiency.  No 
attention  or  expense  to  main¬ 
tain.  Write  us  for  Freo  Book 
of  helpful  suggestions. 

POWER  SPECIALTY  COMPANY 
1 11  Broadway,  New  York 


INOCULATED  ALFALFA  SOIL 

75  cents  per  hundred,  $10.00  per  ton.  F.  O.  B  Ash- 
ville,  Pa.  Send  for  FREE  booklet  “Hotv  to  Grow 
Alfalfa.”  Dr.  H.  SOMERVILLE,  Chest  Springs, 
Cambria  Comity,  Pa. 

Bees  on  the  Farm 

will  help  you  get  more  pleasure  and  more  profit 
from  Bee  keeping.  6  months  trial  subscription  25c. 
Book  on  Bees  and  Catalog  of  Supplies  sent  free.  « 

THE  fl.  I.  ROOT  COMPANY,  Box  65,  MEDINA,  OHIO 

WANTFIl~BflBY  CHICKS  Rl,0,le  Island  Reds-  Name 

(Vnll  I  LU  price  and  how  soon  they  can  be 
shipped.  CHESTER  CREST,  Mount  Vernon,  N.Y. 

S,  C,  White  Leghorn  BABY  CHICKS 

$10  per  100  in  any  quantity.  Breeders  are  vigorous 
yearlmgsand  2-year-olds.  Circular.  VANCREST 
POULT  KY  FARM,  Salt  Point,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y. 

MAPLE  COVE  FARM 

Leghorns,  Rocks.  Wyandottes,  Reds,  Cochins,  Pekin 
Ducks  and  White  Emdon  Geese.  Send  forcatalogue 

.  ATHENS,  PA' 


MAPLE  COVE  FARM 


R.  D.  24 


S  C.  RHODE  ISLAND  REDS  §gj| 


At  The  Horseshoe  Road  Poultry  Farm 
WM.  R.  BURKHOLDER, 


ing.  Write  for 
prices.  Address 

Box  152,  R.  5,  Lancaster.  Pa. 


T>I  Ft.  WHITE  AND  BLACK  OU  PIN  ft  TON  EGGS  for 
"  hatching.  Best  American  and  English  strains— Cook 
Smiswiek,  Owen  Karin,  Kellerstriiss.  $5,00  for  thirteen 
eggs.  I.  15.  CLARKE,  It.  F.  I).,  Hempstead,  N.  Y. 

Black  Orpiagtons  itatWn® 

winners  mated  with  males  bred  by  May  Irwin' 
Eggs  at  farmers’  prices.  F.  B.  GARNSEY,  Clayton.  N.  Y. 


ORPINGTONS,  S.  C.  BLACK  AND  WHITE  R.  C.  BUFFS— Eggs 
u  from  exhibit  ion  stock.  $2.00  for  15.  Stock  for 
sale.  R.  M.  MORRISON.  Lyme,  N.  II. 

EGGS  AND  STOCK  from  Thoroughbreds — White  Orping¬ 
tons,  Buff  Orpingtons,  White  Wyandottes  and  But! 
■Wvandottes,  White  Rocks  and  Burred  Rocks,  Rhode 
Island  Reds,  Black  Minerals.  SI.  T.  JIOOItE,  Sy  mouse,  N,  Y. 

(~m;ystal  white  Orpingtons.  Keiierstrass 

Strain— Eggs  from  a  select  pen,  $2.50  for  15, 


—Eggs  from  a  select  pe 
GEO.  BOWDISH,  Es 


SPERANCE,  N.  Y. 


WHITE  WYANDOTTES^'SVrS 

me  for  12  years.  Large,  fine  birds,  splendid  layers. 
Have  been  winning  for  5  years.  Eggs,  high  fertility, 
100, $5.00,  Sitting, $1.00,  WILLIAM  0.  BURR,  Fairfield,  Conn. 

Huiin  Lake  Poultry  Farm  MS’- „«• 

vVluteWyandotte Chicks,  $12per  101).  Eggs, taper  100. 

T)  C.  B.  MINORCAS  ;  great  layers;  eggs.  $1.00 
1V>  for  15.  GEO.  BOWDISH,  Esporance"  N.  Y. 

Elewen  First  Prizes 

At  lending  Poultry  Shows,  India..  Runner  Ducks  and 
Rouen  Ducks.  Madison  Square  Garden  Winners  our  Rose- 
comb  Black  Minorcas  won  Silver  Cup  at  Paterson,  and 
Barred  Plymouth  Rocks.  All  eggs  $2.00  per  15.  $3.50  per 30 
$.S  per  100.  Also  pure  bred  Angora  Goats  and  Collie  Dogs 
$10  and  up.  CLARK  FARM,  BOONTON,  N.  J 


UflNPC  R0SE  C0MB  RH0DE  ISLAN0  TIID/CVO 
llUIlL  O  REDSAN0  MAMMOTH  BRONZE  I  UtHVlIO 

Eggs  and  baby  chicks  from  high  class  matings 
at  reasonable  prices,  quality  considered.  Safe  ar¬ 
rival  and  satisfaction  guaranteed  on  all  orders. 

D.  R.  HONE,  Crescent  Hill  Farm,  Sharon  Sprinqi,  N.  Y. 

CPPQ_INmAN  KENNER  DUCKS-Barred 
LUUU  ^ymouth  Rocks,  Mammoth  Bronze  Tur* 
*oys  and  Pearl  Guineas.  Write  for  free 
Price  list.  POPLAR  LAWN  FARMS,  West  Falls,  N.  Y. 

Pm.  Qa]0  Two  carloads  Prime  Alfalfa  Hay. 
^  OalG  W.  W.  Porter,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


150  Farms POE  SA,'E  0HE4P 


and  map  free. 


in  fertile 
Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
Horace  G.  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa. 


P  1. 10  A  SIS  semi  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com- 
*  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter, 
Eggs,  Poultry.  Pork,  Calves.  Hay,  Grain,  Beans, 
Appies.  etc.  1!.  II.  WOODWARD,  3m:  Ureeimieh  St.,  N.Y. 


JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  COMPANY, 

Commission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York, 
Poultry,  Eggs,  Meats,  Produce.  Shipments  Solicited. 


Boston  Produce  Go. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.,  -  Boston. 


JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY. 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 


HANDY  BINDER 

JUST  the  thing  for  preserving  files  of 
The  Rural  New-Yorker.  Durable 
and  cheap.  Sent  postpaid  for  25  cents. 

<Ihe  RURAL  NEW-YORKER, 

409  Pearl  Street,  New  York  City 


L 


680 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


May  6,  1911. 


HUMOROUS 

Jones  :  “Hi,  Smith,  who  are  you  work¬ 
ing  for?”  Smith:  “Same  people.  Wife 
and  five  kids.” — Lampoon. 

“This  contributor  stole  his  poem  from 
Shakespeare.”  “We’ll  fix  that  fellow. 
Just  print  it  and  then  send  Shakespeare 
a  marked  copy.” — Toledo  Blade. 

Conductor  to  Passenger:  “We  ran 
over  a  cat  down  the  line.”  Passenger: 
“Was  the  cat  on  the  line?”  Conductor: 
“Why,  of  course  not.  We  chased  up 
an  alley  after  her.” — Chicago  Daily 
Socialist. 

“Aunt  Mary,  this  is  my  friend,  Mr. 
Spiffkins.”  “Pm  sorry,  I  didn’t  quite 
catch  the  name.”  “Mr.  Spiffkins.”  “I’m 
really  very  deaf;  would  you  mind  re¬ 
peating  it?”  “Mr.  Spiffkins.”  “I’m 
afraid  I  must  give  it  up — it  sounds  to 
•  me  just  like  ‘Spiffkins.’” — Punch. 

“On  the  one  hand,”  said  the  teacher, 
pointing  a  long  finger  to  the  map  on 
the  class-room  wall,  “we  have  the  far- 
stretching  country  of  Russia.  On  the 
other  hand — what  do  we  see  on  the 
other  hand,  Tommy?”  “Warts!”  haz¬ 
arded  Tommy,  hopeless  with  fright.” — 
Tit-Bits. 

Native:  “Why  did  you  leave  the 
civilized  East  and  come  out  here  to  the 
wild,  unsettled  West  to  live?”  New¬ 
comer:  “Because  the  folks  around  where 
I  lived  slandered  me  and  said  mean 
things  about  me.”  Native :  “Why  didn’t 
3rou  make  them  prove  what  they  said?” 
Newcomer :  “They  did.” — Chicago  News. 

The  motorist  emerged  from  beneath 
the  car  and  struggled  for  breath.  His 
helpful  friend,  holding  the  oil  can, 
beamed  upon  him.  “I’ve  just  given  the 
cylinder  a  thorough  oiling,  Dick,  old 
man,”  said  the  helpful  friend.  “Cylin¬ 
der,”  said  the  motorist,  heatedly,  “that 
wasn’t  the  cylinder;  it  was  my  ear!” — 
Tit-Bits. 

A  near-sighted  sportsman  strolled  into 
a  little  hotel  on  the  shores  of  Loch  Car- 
ron  and,  complaining,  said:  “Just  seen  a 
Seal,  shot  at  it  three  times,  and  missed 
it  each  time.”  At  dinner  an  hour  later 
he  sat  next  to  a  tourist  who  had  a  band¬ 
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lowed  out  without  a  license.”  Then  si¬ 
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graph. 

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THE  SUFFOLK  HORSE. 

A  Noble  Breed;  Little  Known. 

The  Suffolk,  commonly  called  Suffolk  Punch  horse, 
is  the  oldest  recognized  breed  of  draft  horses  in  ex¬ 
istence,  and  the  English  Stud  Book,  Volume  I.,  begins 
with  Crisp’s  Plorse  of  Ufford,  foaled  in  the  year  1T68. 
The  Suffolk  Horse  Society  of  England  describes  the 
Suffolk  horse  as  follows:  “Color:  Bright  red  or 
dark  chestnut  are  the  favorite  colors,  a  star,  a  little 
white  on  face,  a  few  silver  hairs  is  no  detriment. 
Head:  Breedy  with  broad  forehead.  Neck:  Deep 
in  collar,  tapering  gracefully  toward  the  setting  of 
head.  Shoulders :  Long  and  muscular,  well  thrown 
back  at  the  withers.  Carcass:  Deep  round  ribbed 
from  shoulders  to  flank,  with  graceful  outline  in  back, 
loin  and  hind  quarters,  wide  in  front  and  behind  (the 
tail  well  set  up  with  good  second  thighs).  Legs: 
Should  be  straight  with  fair  sloping  pasterns,  big 
knees  and  long,  clean  hocks  on  short  cannon  bones, 
free  from  coarse  hair.  Elbows  turned  in  regarded  as 
a  serious  defect.  Feet: 
having  plenty  of  size, 
with  good  circular  form 
protecting  the  frog. 

Walk :  Smart  and  true. 

Trot:  Well  balanced  all 
around ;  good  action. 

From  the  above  de¬ 
scription  it  is  apparent 
that  the  Suffolk  horse  is 
a  chestnut  in  color  with 
a  big  body  on  short  legs. 

While  they  do  not  stand 
as  high  from  the  ground 
as  other  draft  breeds, 
yet  when  led  upon  the 
scales,  they  compare  with 
any  breed  in  regard  to 
weight.  Stallions  weigh 
from  1400  to  2000  pounds, 
and  mares  from  1200  to 
2000  pounds.  In  Suffolk 
County,  England,  the 
home  of  the  Suffolk 
horse,  a  custom  prevails 
among  the  farmers  of 
feeding  their  horses  but 
twice  a  day  and  without 
any  intermission  at  the 
noon  hour,  yet  these 
Suffolks  thrive  while 
other  breeds  could  not  possibly,  nor  would  anyone 
expect  them  to,  stand  it.  Our  own  experience  has 
been  that  they  do  as  well  as  any  other  work  horse 
on  half  the  amount  of  feed.  For  agility  in  comparison 
with  weight,  they  excel  all  other  breeds.  They  are 
the  one  breed  of  draft  horses  that  is  expected  to  trot 
with  a  loaded  wagon. 

As  a  long  lived  breed,  they  are  especially  noted. 
The  Suffolk  stallion  Julian’s  Boxer,  foaled  in  1803, 
travelled  the  roads  of  Suffolk  County  during  the 
breeding  season  for  25  years,  and  the  majority  of 
the  present  day  Suffolk  horses  can  be  traced  back  to 
this  horse.  The  mare  Diamond  No.  591,  foaled  in 
the  year  1853,  well  known  as  the  dam  of  Lofft’s  Cup¬ 
bearer  842,  was  one  of  16  foals  from  the  same  dam 
in  16  years.  In  temper,  they  are  docile  in  the  ex¬ 
treme.  fliey  do  not  need  breaking,  they  are  born  to 
work.  The  writer  has  visited  every  well-known  Suf¬ 
folk  stud  in  England,  yet  never  was  a  vicious  stallion 
seen.  Mr.  W.  Anson,  of  Texas,  writing  for  the  Feb¬ 


ruary  issue  of  “The  Southern  Planter,”  writes:  “The 
query  as  to  why  the  Suffolks,  which  bring  such  high 
prices  in  England,  are  not  bred  more  extensively  is 
a  very  natural  one  to  a  person  not  well  up  on  horse 
matters.  An  animal,  to  gain  entry  into  the  Suffolk 
Stud  Book,  must  be  a  Suffolk  and  he  must  be  a 
chestnut ;  in  other  words,  the  Suffolk  men  cannot, 
and  they  never  could,  go  outside  the  Suffolk  breed 
to  increase  the  numbers,  something  which  can  be  said 
of  no  other  breed  of  draft  horses.  The  Percheron 
must  come  from  a  certain  defined  district  in  France, 
the  boundaries  of  which,  it  is  whispered,  are  some¬ 
what  elastic,  so  that  it  has  been  easy  to  produce  many 
Percherons;  the  Shire  breed  had  many  counties  in 
England  to  draw  on  when  they  started  their  stud 
book,  likewise  the  Clydesdales  in  Scotland,  but  the 
Suffolk  men  had  only  the  mares  and  stallions  of  this 
local  breed  of  chestnut  horses,  which  had  been  handed 
down  to  them  by  their  yeomen  ancestors,  as  distinct 
in  its  characteristics  and  color  200  years  ago  as  it  is 
to-day.  With  limited  numbers  to  start  on  and  a  strong 


foreign  demand,  the  breeding  stock  has  been  always 
restricted  in  numbers,  so  much  so  that  the  Suffolk 
Society  is  now  competing  in  the  open  market  against 
foreign  buyers,  purchasing  brood  mares  to  give  to 
tenant  farmers  in  the  county,  on  easy  terms  with  a 
guaranteed  price  for  the  foal  at  five  months,  hoping 
in  this  way  to  increase  the  number  of  brood  mares 
at  home.  The  United  States  has  never  been  a  heavy 
buyer  of  Suffolks ;  the  average  American  stallion 
dealer  not  being  able  to  compete  against  the  high 
priced  Australian  and  Argentine  buyers.  In  Aus¬ 
tralia,  the  Suffolk  is  held  in  high  esteem  and  they 
bring  enormous  prices;  the  Australians  like  them  on 
account  of  their  ability  to  withstand  the  conditions  of 
drought  and  short  rations,  and  their  wonderful  ac¬ 
tivity,  which  enables  them  to  travel  long  distances  to 
water  and  return  to  back  ranges  where  grazing  is 
good.  My  own  experience  in  West  Texas,  where  I 
have  a  small  herd,  corroborates  this  in  every  way. 

Fauquier  Co..  Va.  f.  w.  okie. 


SHALL  IT  BE  HORSE  OR  MULE  ? 

On  a  large  farm  in  western  Massachusetts  well  adapted 
to  live  stock,  which  will  pay  better — colts  from  a  good 
draft  stallion  or  mules  from  superior  jacks? 

Horses  for  Northern  Trade. 

The  question  asked  gets  down  to  the  question  of 
supply  and  demand,  market  prices  and  profit.  Both 
horses  and  mules  of  the  better  class  are  very  high  in 
price,  and  a  good  profit  can  be  made  from  either  kind. 
If  your  inquiry  was  from  the  South,  I  should  say 
raise  mules  (large  ones)  by  all  means,,  as  there  are 
nearly  500  mules  used  there  to  one  horse,  but  in  the 
Eastern  States  the  proportion  of  horses  and  mules  in 
use  is  nearly  500  horses  to  one  mule,  so  my  advice 
would  be  to  raise  large  smooth  draft  horses  that  will 
bring  the  top  price.  The  market  price  on  horses 
varies  so  greatly  on  the  different  classes  that  anyone 
starting  in  to  raise  horses  should  be  very  careful,  and 
choose  only  breeding  stock  that  will  produce  extra 
good  animals.  The  profit  in  the  business  is  certain, 
if  this  man  raises  stock  having  size  and  quality,  and  to 

get  size  in  draft  colts  they 
should  be  fed  for  moder¬ 
ately  early  maturity.  The 
best  months  for  breeding, 
I  believe,  are  April,  May 
and  June,  September,  Oc¬ 
tober  and  November.  It 
looks  to  me  as  if  this  in¬ 
quiry  came  from  a  man 
that  is  on  the  right  track 
as  cheap  land,  a  high- 
priced  product  and  good 
markets  mean  success. 
After  writing  the  above 
I  would  like  to  ask  a 
question :  Why  are  the 
Eastern  farmers  buying 
most  of  their  work 
horses  at  the  present  high 
prices,  instead  of  raising 
them?  What  is  the  most 
practical  remedy  for  the 
present  conditions?  Let’s 
talk  it  over.  e.  s.  akin. 
New  York. 

Sheep  Might  Be  Best. 

I  know  nothing  about 
mules  except  that  in  my 
boyhood  in  Maryland  we 
found  them  stubborn  at 
times  and  not  as  versatile  as  the  horses.  As  to  the 
relative  profits,  I  know  nothing,  but  would  be  inclined 
to  think  the  class  of  help  to  be  had  in  New  England 
would  be  apt  to  get  along  better  with  horses  than 
mules.  There  is  always  a  great  demand  for  draft 
horses  anywhere,  and  your  inquirer  will  find  that  they 
are  easily  broken  and  fitted  for  market,  while  the 
mules,  unless  they  are  very  different  from  those  of  my 
boyhood  days,  need  some  one  brought  up  on  them  to 
fully  understand  and  get  along  with  them.  A  practi¬ 
cal  farmer  who  was  at  the  head  of  the  farming  opera¬ 
tions  of  an  estate  of  over  3,000  acres,  where  they  had 
mules  that  they  paid  from  $700  to  $1200  per  pair  for, 
told  me  he  found  they  could  not  do  as  much  work  as 
the  horses,  and  contrary  to  his  impressions,  they  were 
more  often  in  the  hospital,  and  that  he  would  never 
have  one  on  the  place  if  he  had  a  place  of  his  own; 
they  have  not  bought  any  mules  on  this  farm  for  over 
10  years.  Mules  are  not  in  as  much  demand  North 
as  the  horses  are,  so  that  the  market  is  in  a  measure 


682 


THE  RURAIv  NEW-YORKER 


restricted  for  them.  If  I  had  a  theory  and  money, 
and  wanted  to  experiment  on  mules,  I  would  do  so. 
If  I  wanted  to  make  a  farm  pay  dividends,  of  the  two 
would  surely  breed  draft  horses  in  preference  to 
mules.  If  I  had  the  land  and  money  to  fence  it  prop¬ 
erly  and  wanted  to  make  it  pay  for  sure,  would  raise 
wool  and  mutton,  if  the  farm  was  adapted  to  it. 

Vermont.  c.  a.  chapman. 

Study  the  Business  Yourself. 

I  am  not  in  a  position  to  give  facts,  having  no  ac¬ 
counts  at  hand  to  compare,  but  my  opinion  would  be, 
there  would  be  but  little  difference  in  the  cost  of 
growing  a  1500-pound  horse  or  mule,  and  as  but  few 
mules  attain  a  greater  weight,  the  comparison  would 
cease  at  that  point.  If  the  inquirer  has  a  taste  for 
the  larger  horses,  he  would  make  more  money  raising 
them,  for  as  a  rule  a  man  does  best  at  the  task  he  has 
a  taste  for,  if  he  has  no  training  in  either  line.  If 
your  man  has  no  experience  along  either  line,  or  with 
professional  horsemen,  and  no  funds  that  he  can  afford 
to  part  with,  he  would  better  leave  the  business  alone. 
You  probably  will  receive  replies  from  the  fanciers 
of  the  different  breeds,  each  extolling  the  merits  of 
his  pet  breed  and  attempting  to  show  all  the  demerits 
of  all  the  others,  but  the  man  who  can  take  any  one 
of  the  different  breeds  according  to  his  fancy,  whether 
it  be  French,  Belgian,  Scotch  or  British,  and  turn 
out  a  good  individual  horse  or  mule,  will  get  good 
money  for  him.  But  without  the  experience  he  would 
better  put  in  a  season  visiting  different  establishments, 
watching  their  methods  and  the  development  of  the 
different  breeds  under  the  differing  conditions,  the 
while  studying  the  different  live  stock  market  reports, 
and  at  the  end  of  the  season  he  will  be  able  to  de¬ 
cide  which  class  is  best  adapted  to  his  soil  and  the 
conditions  he  can  give  them,  also  decide  the  time  to 
market  his  product.  geo.  l.  Gordon. 

Stand  Up  for  the  Mule. 

For  the  farmer  who  wants  to  go  into  the  business 
for  the  profit,  mules  are  much  better,  and  a  safer 
proposition.  In  the  first  place,  mules  can  be  raised  at 
much  less  expense,  and  they  will  grow  on  less  and 
coarser  feeds  than  horses.  Yon  can  put  from  15  to 
50  young  mules  in  a  bunch  and  grow  them  up,  and  it 
is  very  seldom  that  one  will  get  a  scratch  or  bump 
on  them,  while  if  you  will  put  any  number  of  colts 
together  and  grow  them  up,  at  maturity  one-half  will 
not  be  sound.  You  can  sell  your  mules  at  any  age 
and  find  many  buyers,  from  weanlings  to  aged  ones, 
and  they  never  have  to  be  sold  at  auction.  There 
are  always  plenty  of  buyers  for  them,  and  on  the  other 
hand  horses  have  to  be  got  ready,  broken  and  fixed 
up  for  sale.  You  will  find  on  the  great  horse  and  mule 
market,  at  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  most  of  the  horses 
are  sold  at  auction,  while  all  of  the  mules  are  sold 
privately.  We  would  advise  getting  as  heavy  mares 
as  possible  and  crossing  them  on  a  good  Kentucky 
Mammoth  jack.  j.  F.  cook  &  co. 

Kentucky. 


MRS.  HOUDAN,  THE  FROST-PROOF  HEN. 

Since  mentioning  the  Houdan  breed  of  poultry  early 
in  the  year,  there  has  been  a  steady  stream  of  corre¬ 
spondence  about  Mrs.  Houdan.  Few  Americans  ap¬ 
parently  ever  saw  one  of  these  birds.  We  were  glad 
therefore  to  receive  the  following: 

I  am  enclosing  a  photograph  of  one  of  my  Houdan  hens. 
I  have  been  very  much  interested  in  the  articles  in  your 
paper  on  the  “frost-proof  hen.”  I  have  been  breeding 
them  for  a  number  of  years,  and  like  them  very  much. 
Thinking  that  some  of  your  readers  might  be  anxious  to 
know  just  what  a  purebred  Houdan  looks  like  I  am  sending 
you  the  picture.  E.  s. 

Wigton,  Ta. 

The  picture  of  Mrs.  Houdan  is  shown  at  Fig.  109. 
Look  at  the  head  closely  and  you  will  see  the  re¬ 
semblance  to  a  bearded  man  wearing  a  high  fur  cap. 
If  Mrs.  Houdan  should  be  sent  to  Congress  you  would 
find  something  like  the  following  in  the  directory: 

The  Houdans  are  of  French  origin,  taking  their  name 
from  the  town  of  Houdan,  which  is  situated  in  the  center 
of  the  district  where  they  were  first  largely  raised.  They 
were,  and  are  to-day,  largely  kept  by  the  French  peasants 
and  farmers  as  a  market  fowl,  a  producer  of  eggs  and 
meat.  From  France  they  were  introduced  into  England, 
and  mainly  through  England  into  the  United  States, 
somewhere  about  50  years  ago.  Several  importations  were 
also  made  direct  from  France,  but  these  birds  were  of  a 
slightly  different  type  from  those  that  were  brought  to 
this  country  by  way  of  England.  In  shape  they  are 
square,  and  rather  long-bodied ;  in  color  black,  mottled 
with  white.  The  new  American  Standard  of  Perfection 
gives  their  weights  as  cocks,  7%  pounds;  hens,  6V2 
pounds;  cockerels,  6%  pounds;  pullets,  5%  pounds.  We 
find  cock  birds  that  will  go  at  times  as  high  as  10  pounds, 
and  hens  to  eight  pounds.  Their  most  distinguishing  fea¬ 
ture  to  the  eye  is  their  large  globular  crest,  and  like  the 
Dorking,  they  have  an  extra  or  fifth  toe. 


Greece  is  growing  cotton  and  will  probably  soon  sup¬ 
ply  its  own  demand. 


MANURE  AND  FERTILIZER  NOTES. 

How  Much  Water  in  Slaked  Lime  ? 

We  pay  $4.20  per  ton  for  gray  lime,  freshly  water- 
slaked,  still  warm,  and  damp  enough  to  scatter  with  little 
dust.  I  do  not  know  analysis.  About  what  should  we  pay 
for  such  lime  unslaked?  What  does  lime  gain  in  weight 
by  slaking?  J. 

Let  us  get  these  figures  by  heart.  A  pure  lime¬ 
stone  contains  56  pounds  of  lime  to  the  100.  When 
burned  there  will  be  56  pounds  of  ‘'lump”  lime.  When 
this  lime  takes  up  water  it  is  “slaked.”  .  The  56 
pounds  will  make  74  pounds  of  dry  slaked  lime.  It 
therefore  takes  up  a  little  more  than  one-third  its 
weight  of  water.  Some  samples  will  hold  more  water 
than  is  needed  to  do  this  slaking,  but  chemically  the 
lime  takes  one-third  its  weight  of  water. 

Chemicals  with  Stable  Manure. 

Can  I  use  stable  manure  and  commercial  fertilizer  suc¬ 
cessfully  the  same  season  ?  g.  m. 

Michigan. 

Certainly  you  can  if  you  want  to,  but  it  might  not 
pay  to  do  so  on  all  crops.  Ordinary  stable  manure 
will  contain  in  each  ton  about  10  pounds  of  nitrogen, 
six  of  phosphoric  acid  and  12  of  potash.  Most  crops, 
and  particularly  vegetables  and  fruit,  show  a  great 
demand  for  potash  and  phosphoric  acid.  A  properly 
balanced  fertilizer  for  these  crops  should  have  three 
.  times  as  much  or  more  of  phosphoric  acid  as  of  nitro¬ 
gen  and  nearly  as  large  a  proportion  of  potash.  Thus 
with  stable  manure  it  may  pay  well  to  use  acid  phos¬ 
phate  and  muriate  of  potash,  since  these  chemicals  do 
not  contain  nitrogen,  but  supply  the  other  elements. 

What  is  Acid  Phosphate  ? 

On  page  165,  John  Gould  of  Ohio  has  an  article  on 
raising  Salvia.  He  speaks  of  using  acid  phosphate  for 
fertilizer.  1  have  made  inquiries  here  for  same,  but  am 
unable  to  purchase  it  or  find  some  one  who  knows  what 
it  is,  neither  can  I  find  it  listed  in  the  leading  seed  cata¬ 
logues.  R.  J. 

Stillwater,  Minn. 

We  are  expected  to  explain  this  about  three  times 
a  year  for  new  readers.  In  various  parts  of  the  coun¬ 
try  are  deposits  of  “phosphate  rocks.”  It  is  supposed 
that  those  represent  the  petrified  remains  of  animals 
belonging  to  an  age  now  extinct.  The  theory  is  that 
they  died  in  large  numbers  in  certain  sections — their 
bones  changing  to  a  form  of  soft  rock  which  contains 
25  per  cent  or  more  of  phosphoric  acid.  This  rock  is 
dug  up  and  ground  to  a  fine  powder.  In  this  raw 
condition  it  is  called  “floats,”  and  is  quite  largely 
used  in  this  form.  To  make  this  phosphate  soluble  in 
water  and  thus  “available”  to  plants  the  “floats”  or 
powdered  rock  is  mixed  with  sulphuric  acid.  This 
“cuts”  or  dissolves  the  rock  and  gives  what  is  called 
“acid  phosphate,”  which  is  the  most  common  form  of 
using  phosphoric  acid  in  fertilizers.  This  is  handled 
by  most  fertilizer  dealers. 

A  “Complete  Liquid  Fertilizer,’’ 

Will  you  give  recipe  for  a  complete  liquid  fertilizer  to 
be  used  on  poor  land  lacking  in  humus,  where  no  manure 
is  used  in  solid  state  or  mulch,  and  nothing  allowed  to 
grow  to  make  humus?  The  land  is  planted  to  ornamental 
shrubs  and  vines.  •  VR.  b. 

Lake  Bay,  Wash. 

.  Fresh  liquid  manure  from  different  kinds  of  stock 

will  show  this  analysis — pounds  in  one  ton : 

Nitrogen.  Phos.  Acid.  Potash. 


Horse  . 31  30 

Cow  . 12  10 

Sheep  . 40  46 

Hog  .  9  17 


There  is  hardly  enough  phosphoric  acid  in  any  of 
the  liquids  to  consider.  It  is  true  of  all  liquid  manures 
that  they  contain  most  of  the  potash  and  the  soluble 
nitrogen,  but  little  if  any  phosphoric  acid.  To  make 
an  artificial  liquid  equal  to  that  front  the  horse  you 
could  use  nitrate  of  soda  and  muriate  of  potash  in 
water.  A  ton  of  water  means  about  250  gallons,  so 
that  each  gallon  should  contain  about  two  ounces  of 
nitrogen,  since  there  are  496  ounces  in  a  ton.  Ordin¬ 
ary  nitrate  of  soda  contains  16  per  cent  of  nitrogen, 
which  means  2)4  ounces  to  each  pound  of  nitrate,  .so 
that  14  ounces  of  the  nitrate  to  a  gallon  of  water 
would  be  needed  to  give  the  nitrogen  in  a  gallon  of 
horse  liquid.  As  for  potash,  30  pounds  or  4S0  ounces 
are  found  in  the  250  gallons  which  make  the  ton. 
This  means  1.9  ounce  of  potash  in  each  gallon.  Muri¬ 
ate  of  potash  is  50  per  cent  potash — therefore  you 
need  to  the  gallon  3.8  ounces  of  muriate  of  potash. 
This  would  give  you  a  liquid  containing  as  much 
plant  food  as  that  from  the  horse,  but  it  would  not 
be  safe  to  use  it  on  ordinary  plants.  We  should  use 
three  gallons  6f  water  to  one  of  the  liquid,  and  even 
then  it  would  not  be  a  balanced  fertilizer.  It  contains 
no  phosphoric  acid  and  not  enough  potash  in  propor¬ 
tion  to  the  nitrogen.  As  a  safe  rule  it  would  be 
wise  to  plan  for  at  least  three  times  as  much  phos¬ 
phoric  acid  as  of  nitrogen  and  nearly  as  much  of 
potash.  A  good  sample  of  acid  phosphate  will  contain 
14  per  cent  of  soluble  phosphoric  acid,  the  nitrate  of 
soda  contains  16  per  cent  nitrogen,  and  muriate  of 


May  13, 

potash  50  per  cent  of  potash.  Thus  a  proportion  of 
one  pound  of  muriate,  3)4  of  acid  phosphate  and  one 
pound  of  muriate  would  give  about  the  proportion  of 
plant  food  here  mentioned.  We  should  use  this  com¬ 
bination  of  chemicals  in  four  gallons  of  water,  ex¬ 
perimenting  with  more  or  less  water  on  various  crops 
or  plants  until  the  right  strength  was  found.  Of 
course  you  will  not  use  this  liquid  on  the  plants.  Pour 
it  on  the  soil  a  few  inches  away  from  the  stem. 

Spreading  or  Piling  Manure. 

Is  manure  better  if  I  take  it  out  of  the  stable  and  put 
it  on  land,  or  should  I  leave  it  on  a  pile  to  rot  and  then 
put  it  on  land?  H.  a.  g. 

Lehigh  ton,  Pa. 

This  is  an  old  question  which  no  one  seems  to 

settle  definitely,  because  it  does  not  depend  entirely 
on  the  quality  of  the  manure.  Time  and  labor  enter 
into  the  figuring.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  com¬ 
posting  or  rotting  manure  in  a  pile  may  improve  its 
quality.  The  manure  becomes  finer  and  the  plant- 
food  more  available  if  the  manure  is  properly  hand¬ 
led  in  the  pile.  For  gardening  or  wherever  fine 

manure  is  needed,  we  would  rather  pile  the  manure 
and  haul  out  when  wanted.  On  the  other  hand,  there 
is  likely  to  be  some  loss  from  drainage  or  fermenta¬ 
tion  when  the  manure  is  not  properly  handled.  The 
great  advantage  in  hauling  direct  from  the  stable  is 
that  the  work  is  done  before  the  rush  of  Spring  comes 
on.  You  gain  much  time.  The  fresh  manure  is  not 

in  as  good  shape  as  when  fermented  in  a  pile,  and 

may  turn  out  coarse  and  chunky.  Where  it  can  be 
put  on  a  sod  or  level  ground  there  will  not  be  much 
loss  from  this  daily  hauling.  On  a  hillside  we  would 
not  spread  from  day  to  day.  We  have  seen  cases 
where  during  rainstorms  a  sheet  of  water  flowed  over 
the  field.  In  such  case  there  would  be  considerable 
loss  from  spreading  through  the  Winter.  Piling  the 
manure  properly  will  improve  its  quality,  but  it  may 
cost  too  much  in  time  and  labor  to  pay. 

Different  Kinds  of  Lime, 

My  farm  is  located  in  a  limestone  and  Blue  grass  sec¬ 
tion,  so  I  am  interested  in  the  question  of  burnt  vs. 
ground  limestone.  Does  burnt  limestone  give  the  same 
analysis  as  ground  rock?  Does  the  ground  rock  act  to 
neutralize  acidity  of  soil?  What  is  its  action  as  com¬ 
pared  with  burnt  rock?  I  am  using  acetylene  for  lights. 
What  is  chemical  analysis  of  well-slaked  carbide?  Should 
it  be  used  either  as  a  fertilizer  or  a  spray?  J.  m.  g. 

Bland,  Va. 

Here  is  another  question  which  must  be  answered 
over  and  over  again.  Limestone  as  taken  from  the 
ground  contains  lime  and  carbonic  acid.  A  pure  sam¬ 
ple  would  contain  in  100  pounds  56  of  lime  and  44 
of  carbonic  acid.  Thus  in  100  pounds  of  such  ground 
limestone  you  would  have  56  pounds  of  lime.  Burn 
this  limestone  in  a  kiln  and  you  drive  off  all  or 
most  of  the  carbonic  acid  and  leave  pure  lime.  This 
would  be  lump,  stone  or  “quick”  lime.  In  100  pounds 
of  it  there  would  be  about  98  pounds  of  lime  com¬ 
pared  with  56  in  the  ground  limestone.  Let  this 
“quick”  or  lump  lime  remain  exposed  to  air  or  water 
and  it  will  “slake”— that  is,  take  up  a  quantity  of 
water,  until  100  pounds  of  the  slaked  lime  will  carry 
about  76  pounds  of  actual  lime.  Thus  100  pounds  of 
good  limestone  gives  you  56  pounds  of  lime,  and  100 
pounds  of  slaked  or  burnt  lime  gives  you  76  pounds. 
The  ground  limestone  acts  to  neutralize  acid,  but 
much  more  slowly  than  the  burnt  lime.  For  equal 
results  you  should  use  twice  as  much  of  the  limestone 
as  of  the  burnt  lime.  The  refuse  from  the  acetylene 
plant  is  about  the  same  in  its  effect  as  ground  lime¬ 
stone,  and  should  be  used  in  the  same  way. 


CULTIVATION  FOR  THE  SUGAR  CANE. 

I  notice  many  questions  and  answers  regarding 
agricultural  matters  printed  in  your  excellent  journal, 
and  ask  your  opinion  as  to  the  proper  treatment  of 
cane  fields  as  to  cultivation  after  the  new  shoots  are 
up.  The  thermometer  will  stand  at  82°  in  the  shade 
and  in  the  direct  sun  110°  Fah.  For  two  months  at  a 
time  there  may  be  no  rain,  and  each  day  from  10  until 
five  the  trade  winds  will  blow.  The  usual  practice 
after  the  cane  is  cut  to  the  ground  is  to  leave  the 
leaves  spread  evenly  and  turn  in  the  cattle  to  tramp  it 
down  and  manure  and  in  some  cases  to  fork  the 
ground,  thereby  getting  some  of  the  leaves  underneath. 
At  about  the  time  the  cane  is  cut  the  rainy  season 
(May)  comes  and  thoroughly  wets  down  the  mass, 
and  the  new  shoots  spring  up  from  the  roots  which 
are  left  from  year  to  year.  Until  the  next  Spring  the 
field  is  not  touched  nor  cultivated  in  any  way,  it 
being  the  opinion  that  to  cultivate  would  dry  the 
roots  and  lose  the  moisture  claimed  to  be  retained  by 
the  covering  of  leaves  from  the  last  crop.  There  is 
no  attempt  to  provide  for  rows  and  spacing  or  culti¬ 
vation  as  is  done  in  the  North  with  corn  growing, 
and  being  so  impressed  with  radical  difference  in 
methods  of  cultivation  I  address  your  paper. 

Island  of  Jamaica.  h.  m.  doubeeday. 

R.  N.-Y. — We  have  had  no  experience  in  tropical 
cane  growing,  but  submit  the  question  to  our  readers. 
There  are  no  doubt  some  among  them  who  are  com¬ 
petent  to  answer  these  questions. 


1911. 


THE  RUR-A.lv  NEW-YORKER 


683 


IMMIGRATING  TO  NEW  YORK  STATE. 
What  a  Western  Man  Found. 

Part  III. 

I  bought  the  farm  this  way :  I  went  back  to  the 
agency  and  told  them  I  wanted  a  farm  with  pos¬ 
session  immediately;  that  it  was  a  waste  of  time  to 
look  at  any  other  farm.  The  agent  said,  “I’ll  show 

you  my  own  farm.  You  won’t  have  to  pay  any  com¬ 
mission  on  that,  and  I’ll  sell  it  to  you  right.”  On 

looking  it  over  we  agreed  on  $2,500,  to  take  the  farm 

and  crops,  as  it  stood,  except  the  wood  and  timber. 
I  paid  $1,000  down  and  gave  a  mortgage  for  $1,500. 
He  bought  the  farm  in  April  for  about  $2,700  and 
sold  it  to  me  in  June  for  $2,500,  and  sold  the  timber 
later  for  $1,500.  He  hired  a  family  to  work  it  for  him. 
I  arranged  to  move  in  on  top  of  them  until  we  could 
readjust  things  and  he  could  buy  another  farm.  I 
paid  his  man  and  fed  his  team.  We  pitched  in  to 
sowing  corn,  planting  potatoes  and  plowing  for  buck¬ 
wheat. 

I  found  a  man  whose  home  was  broken  up.  He 
sold  me  his  whole  outfit  of  kitchen  utensils,  furni¬ 
ture,  etc.,  at  a  remarkably  low  figure.  Our  home  is 
better  furnished  than  ever  before.  I  saw  a  farmer 
who  sold  his  farm  and  I  bought  wagons,  sleighs, 
harnesses  and  sulky  plow,  for  $132.  I  bought  two 
horses  from  farmers;  Dan,  aged  12  years,  at  $100, 
and  Kitty,  aged  15,  at  $75.  These  are  both  kind, 
true,  good  workers,  bays,  and  make  a  very  satisfactory 
team ;  bought  a  new  handmade  work  harness  for  $45, 
a  new  mowing  machine,  $46,  and  hayrake,  $24;  small 
tools  too.  There  was  with  the  place  a  horse  hayfork 
and  rope.  Every  other  thing  loose  had  been  carried 
away.  I  looked  all  over  for  cows,  but  could  not  find 
any  at  any  reasonable  figure.  I  bought  from  my  next 
neighbor  four  cows,  two  for  $50  and  two  grade 
Holsteins  for  $65.  One  of  the  latter  I  did  not  like, 
and  asked  him  to  take  it  back,  which  he  did.  I  bought 
a  flock  of  30  sheep  at  $4.  They  were  in  poor  condi- 
dition.  Three  wethers  I  sold  for  $13.S5,  and  bought  a 
purebred  Shropshire  ram.  An  old  ram  was  with  the 
flock,  which  I  did  not  notice,  and  one  sheep  died.  The 
rest  grew  fat,  and  are  in  excellent  condition  except 
for  colds  and  coughs.  I  bought  50  hens  at  50  cents. 
These  were  on  the  place.  They  were  the  poorest  buy 
of  all.  I  planted  a  garden,  lettuce,  radish,  onions, 
tomatoes,  peppers,  cucumbers,  Summer  squash,  Hub¬ 
bard  squash,  peas,  beets,  beans,  turnips,  sweet  corn 
popcorn  and  cabbage.  Tomatoes  promised  a  banner 
crop,  but  rotted  badly.  Horseradish  is  prolific  here. 

From  nine  acres  we  thrashed  380  bushels  of  oats, 
valuation  40  cents;  from  four  acres  we  thrashed  63 
bushels  of  buckwheat,  valuation  55  cents ;  from  four 
acres  we  dug  220  bushels  of  potatoes,  valuation  from 
30  to  40  cents.  About  half  of  these  were 
wormy  and  small.  We  sold  about  100 
bushels,  and  about  75  bushels  of  oats. 

We  cut  about  35  tons  of  hay.  With 
rigid  economy  we  shall  be  able  to  keep 
the  hay  and  straw  on  the  farm.  The  10 
acres  of  corn  was  cut  for  fodder,  but 
was  almost  a  fizzle.  We  had  a  few 
pears,  a  taste  of  excellent  peaches,  and 
grapes,  and  lots  of  mulberries,  but  only 
a  taste  of  cider  apples.  During  the 
Summer  a  neighbor  carried  milk  for  10 
cents  per  100  and  we  sold  about  $40 
worth  of  milk  at  three  and  cents  per 
quart,  till  our  Holstein  cow  presented  us 
with  a  fine  heifer  calf.  This  we  are  rais¬ 
ing,  and  have  bought  two  veal  calves  at 
$1  and  sold  them  at  four  weeks  for  $15, 
at  seven  cents  per  pound  live  weight; 
have  another  calf  now.  She  is  a  heifer, 
too,  but  fear  she  will  have  to  go  for 
veal.  Eggs  are  gathered  by  a  neighbor, 
who  pays  a  good  price,  a  few  cents 
about  the  New  York  wholesale  quota¬ 
tion.  We  have  plenty  of  buckwheat  for 
pancakes  every  morning,  and  the  chil¬ 
dren  are  growing  fat.  The  farm  will  run 
considerably  behind  this  first  year.  In¬ 
terest  and  taxes  are  a  heavy  drain. 

Taxes  are  widely  advertised  as  about  a 
10-mill  or  one  per  cent  tax,  but  really 
are  nearly  two  per  cent.  How  the  tax¬ 
payers  here  will  consider  it  only  one  per 
cent  I  cannot  see.  My  valuation  on  this  farm  is  $2200. 
The  timber  not  belonging  to  me  made  no  difference 
with  the  assessor.  He  valued  the  farm  exactly  as  it 
was  valued  in  previous  years.  The  school  tax  collec¬ 
tor  came  and  collected  a  five-mill  tax  of  $11.  Then 
the  regular  tax  of  one  per  cent,  $22 ;  highway,  $7.10 ; 
dog,  50  cents;  collector’s  fee,  40  cents,  made  altogether 
over  $40  tax,  nearly  two  per  cent. 

We  had  been  brought  up  in  the  East,  and  know  its 


conservatism  and  exclusiveness.  Our  reception  in - 

did  not  really  surprise  us.  Up  here  on  the  hill  is  a 
little  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  with  service  every 
second  Sunday.  We  went  to  church,  arriving  a  little 
late.  The  pastor  soon  finished  his  sermon;  then  he 
said,  “Is  this  Mr.  Cary?’  “Yes,  sir.”  “Well,  Mr. 
Cary,  we  are  glad  to  have  you  with  us.  We  want 


A  FROZEN  POTTED  STRAWBERRY  PLANT.  Fio.  19!). 

3rou  to  be  at  home  here.  Will  you  please  come  up 
here  with  your  family?”  We  marched  up.  He  said, 
“Friends,  this  is  Brother  Cary  and  his  family.  Come 
up  and  tell  them  you  are  glad  to  have  them  here.” 
So  they  all  crowded  about  us,  shook  our  hands,  and 


them  in  the  cellar.  We  reckoned  it  would  be  a  long 
time  before  we  would  enjoy  the  confidence  and  esteem 
of  the  new  neighbors.  But  we  have  been  welcomed 
everywhere,  and  one  thing  pleased  me.  I  looked  at 
the  flock  of  purebred  sheep  and  admired  them.  I 
told  the  owner  I  would  like  a  ram,  but  had  no  money. 
I  thought  I  was  a  stranger  to  him.  He  said,  “That’s 
all  right.  Pay  when  you  can.”  I  offered  to  give  him 
a  note,  but  he  refused.  “Pshaw!  You’re  all  right, 
Cary.” 

I  am  clerk  of  the  school  board  and  assistant  super-, 
intendent  of  the  Sunday  school. 

This  paper  is  presented  in  detail  as  the  record  of  an 
experiment.  There  are  certain  agencies  at  work  en¬ 
couraging  many  people  to  make  this  same  trial.  There 
is  before  every  bookkeeper  in  the  land  an  “ideal” 
home;  it  is  a  farm.  “Back  to  the  farm”  is  the  cry 
which  is  tempting  many.  In  the  second  place,  this  is 
an  experiment  on  a  “hill”  farm.  To  the  initiated,  the 
hill  farms  offer  a  serious  problem  to  this  State  and 
to  the  nation.  In  New  York,  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania 
are  10,000,000  acres  of  hill  farms  which  have  been 
drained  of  fertility’,  badly  farmed  and  abandoned  or 
in  process  of  abandonment  by  the  native  farmers. 
Are  you  equipped  mentally,  physically  and  financially 
to  turn  the  tide  of  decay  to  prosperity?  If  you  would 
know  this  problem  of  the  hills,  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  has  two  bulletins,  Bureau  of  Soils,  Bulle¬ 
tin  No.  60,  “A  Preliminary  Report  on  the  Volusia 
Soils,  their  Problems  and  Management;”  Bureau  of 
Plant  Industry,  Circular  No.  64,  “Agricultural  Condi¬ 
tions  in  Southern  New  York.”  If  I  succeed  it  may 
mean  encouragement  to  many  of  our  hill  people.  The 
problems  and  solutions  I  shall  be  glad  to  present  in 
detail  as  they  are  undertaken,  the  problem  of  old 
buildings,  old  orchards,  worn-out  soil.  The  experi¬ 
ments  with  poultry,  cows,  pigs,  horses  and  sheep,  which 
a  novice  must  make,  will  have  plenty  of  blunders. 
Sometimes  we  can  learn  from  others’  mistakes;  and 
comment  and  criticism  will  help  us  all. 

Tioga  Co.,  N.  Y.  Joseph  p.  cary. 

COST  OF  SPRAYING  LIME-SULPHUR. 

We  have  two  peach  orchards,  an  old  one  of  500 
trees  and  another  of  625  four-year-old  trees,  besides 
a  few  old  apple  trees.  Until  last  year  we  had  used 
crude  oil,  with  a  kero-w'ater  pump  in  spraying.  We 
never  found  any  damage  to  the  trees  by  the  proper 
use  of  oil,  and  have  been  almost  unable  to  find  any 
scale  of  late.  But  the  scale  conquered,  the  curl -leaf 
appeared,  so  last  year  (1910)  we  decided  to  use  lime- 
sulphur  spray.  Not  wanting  to  invest  in  an  outfit  nor 
desiring  to  do  the  work  either,  we  hired  the  spraying 


spoke  words  of  welcome  and  kindliness.  Those  kind  done.  -  They  used  1800  gallons  with  a  gasoline  power 
words  have  been  followed  by  deeds  of  kindness,  sprayer  at  four  cents  a  gallon,  costing  $72.  The  young 

orchard  was  then  only  three  years  old,  and 
they  did  not  spray  the  outside  apple  trees. 
This  year  we  could  not  hire  it  done,  so  we 
bought  the  commercial  or  ready-pre¬ 
pared  lime-sulphur  at  $9.50  per  barrel 
of  50  gallons.  This  was  50  cents  to  $1 
cheaper  per  barrel  than  the  dealers 
asked,  as  we  ordered  direct  from  the 
manufacturers.  We  used  about  1050 
gallons  (dilute)  with  the  two  barrels  of 
lime-sulphur.  This  would  make  the  cost 
about  two  cents  a  gallon.  It  would  not 
be  so  much  on  a  weaker  solution.  It 
took  two  of  us  five  days,  or  a  little  less 
really,  to  do  all  the  spraying  this  year, 
apples,  trees  and  all.  Besides,  this  year 
the  young  orchard  was  much  larger, 
there  being  a  growth  of  two  to  three 
feet  on  the  younger  trees.  It  could  have 
been  done  in  less  time  by  taking  more 
water  on  the  wagon  or  having  a  tank. 
The  orchard  was  by  the  house,  so  we 
drove  and  filled  the  barrel  every  time, 
taking  20  to  30  minutes.  Part  of  the 
work  was  done  with  the  large  barrel,  or 
piston  of  the  kero-water,  but  not  giving 
pressure  enough  alone  we  got  a  new 
pump.  This  gave  a  better  spray,  wet 
quicker,  but  pumps  harder.  Cost  was : 
Two  barrels  lime-sulphur  at  $9.50,  $19; 
five  days  man  and  team  at  $4.  $20;  five 
days  man  at  $1.50,  $7.50 ;  total,  $46.50 ; 
adding  cost  of  pump  (new),  $10;  total, 
$56.50.  Not  counting  cost  of  pump,  evidently  we  have 
clearly  saved  $25.50  cash,  did  more  work  and  did  a 
more  thorough  job  of  spraying.  Since  the  team  really  did 
not  count  in  the  actual  cost,  as  they  would  have 
stood  in  the  stable  if  we  had  hired  it  done,  the  actual 
cost  this  year  was  two  barrels  material,  $19  ;  10  days’ 
time,  $15,  or  $34  actual  cash  outlay.  We  have  the 
pump  for  future  use  and  spraying  for  Coddling  moth, 
etc.  We  would  like  to  know  if  anyone  else  has  had 
any  comparisons.  w.  G. 


MRS.  HOUDAN  HEN-THE  FROST-PROOF  BIRD.  Fig.  200. 


Every  evening  one  or  two  drove  up  to  call  until  all 
had  called.  One  brought  seed  buckwheat  to  be  re¬ 
turned  at  harvest  time.  Another  offered  his  reaper 
for  the  oats.  We  are  short  of  “help”  on  the  hill,  so 
we  “change  work.”  When  the  thrashers  came  we  all 
turned  out  and  moved  along  from  farm,  feasting  at 
each  farm.  Then  we  pay  each  other  off  digging  pota¬ 
toes,  cutting  corn  or  buckwheat  or  sawing  wood.  A 
field  of  potatoes  looks  big  till  a  jolly  crowd  soon  puts 


68-4 


TH  IrC  RURAL,  NEW -Y  OR  IN  KK 


May  13, 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[  Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
name  and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure 
attention.  Before  asking  a  question,  please  see 
whether  it  is  not  answered  in  our  advertising 
columns.  Ask  only  a  few  questions  at  one  time. 
Put  questions  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper.] 


Hen  Manure  for  Corn. 

J.  Q.  B.,  East  Dorset,  Vt.~- What  is  the 
right  way  to  use  hen  manure  on  a  corn¬ 
field  ?  I  have  a  lot  that  I  have  saved 
from  the  droppings  boards,  mixed  with  land 
plaster.  Would  it  be  proper  to  drop  it  in 
the  hill  and  put  a  little  dirt  over  it  and 
then  drop  corn  on  it,  or  would  this  burn 
the  roots  when  the  corn  sprouted? 

Ans. — The  “right  way”  is  the  most 
economical  way,  all  things  considered. 
This  will  depend  on  circumstances.  We 
would  like  to  crush  the  dried  manure 
and  mix  it  with  chemicals  as  often  ex¬ 
plained.  This  might  mean  too  much 
work  or  expense  to  be  “right”  for  you. 
We  should  plant  the  corn  first  and 
then  scatter  the  crushed  hen  manure 
over  and  around  the  corn  hill.  Then 
work  it  in  with  hoe  or  cultivator.  We 
should  expect  to  get  more  out  of  it  this 
way  than  when  put  in  the  hill  with  the 
seed. 

Preparing  Soil  for  Next  Season. 

E.  R.  K.,  Sharon,  Mass. — I  have  a  piece 
of  ground  that  I  do  not  want  to  use  for 
a  garden  this  year,  but  I  want  it  to  be 
in  best  condition  for  next  year.  This  piece 
was  covered  with  young  birch  trees  which 
were  cut  out  and  the  ground  plowed  and 
harrowed.  Nothing  was  grown  on  it  last 
season.  Would  it  be  best  to  plow  and  har¬ 
row  it  this  Spring  and  plant  some  crop 
to  be  plowed  under  this  Fall  and  then 
left  till  next  Spring  planting?  What 
should  be  planted  for  a  green  manure? 
Should  something  else  be  put  in  to  be 
planted  in  the  Fall  and  turned  under  in 
the  Spring?  This  is  a  good  loam  with 
hardpan  three  feet  down,  slight  slope  to 
south. 

Ans.— The  great  thing  to  do  with  all 
such  soil  is  to  get  as  much  vegetable 
matter  as  possible  into  it.  As  a  rule,  too, 
such  soil  is  sour  and  needs  lime.  We 
should  plow  it  early  and  sow  Canada 
field  peas.  Let  them  grow  until  they 
mature  and  then  plow  them  under.  Then 
sow  rye  and  Hairy  vetch  together  and 
let  this  crop  occupy  the  land  until  the 
next  Spring,  when  it  may  be  plowed 
under.  It  would  help  if  you  could  use 
a  good  dressing  of  lime  when  seeding 
the  peas. 

That  Southern  Corn. — The  present 
week  has  brought  me  several  letters 
from  R.  N.-Y.  readers  to  explain  more 
fully  about  the  silage  corn  mentioned  in 
a  recent  communication.  I  have  little 
to  add  to  that  already  said,  beyond  say¬ 
ing  that  while  I  think  it  the  best  variety 
for  us  in  northern  Ohio,  where  we  are 
on  an  average  of  1100  feet  above  the 
sea,  with  a  full  120  days  good  corn 
weather,  I  have  doubts  about  more 
northern  localities.  While  it  is  a  na¬ 
tive  to  and  grown  upon  the  plateaus  of 
the  highest  Blue  Ridge,  I  would  not  ex¬ 
pect  it  to  do  well  on  the  ridges  of 
northern  New  York,  or  New  England. 
It  finds  great  favor  here,  because  of  its 
strong  germinating  power,  rapid  growth, 
profuse  earing,  and  for  large  corn,  early 
maturing.  In  its  local  habitation,  it  is 
the  regular  field  corn,  is  no  new  inven¬ 
tion  to  “fill  a  long  felt  want,”  but  trans¬ 
ferred  to  a  new  locality,  “grows  like 
everything,”  as  expressed  by  a  delighted 
old  farmer.  While  the  corn  ripens 
here,  it  is  not  wise  to  plant  this  seed, 
as  it  “goes  wild,”  and  only  reproduces 
itself  in  part.  JOHN  GOULD. 

Ohio. 


WANT  TO  KNOW 

Vegetable  Cellar. — Will  you  tell  us  how 
to  make  an  outside  celler  for  storing  vege¬ 
tables  and  fruit  during  Winter?  a.  a.  u. 

South  Haven,  Mich. 

Vermin-Proof  Granary. — You  know  it  is 
difficult  to  keep  feed  away  from  mice  and 
rats.  My  old  corn  crib- is  worn  out,  and 
I  wish  to  build  a  structure  entirely  rat  and 
mouse-proof  for  holding  both  corn  and  feed. 
I  would  like  it  to  hold  a  ton  or  two  of 
feed,  as  one  can  get  it  cheaper  in  quanti¬ 
ties.  1  have  in  mind  making  first  a  con¬ 


crete  floor  under  all,  then  put  up  a  frame¬ 
work  and  cover  this  on  sides  and  top  with 
fine  wire  mesh.  The  part  of  this  building 
for  corn  should  of  course  be  open  work, 
and  where  feed  is  kept  it  must  be  closed  up 
reasonably  well.  I  don’t  know  just  the 
most  convenient  plan  for  arranging  the  in¬ 
side  of  this  structure.  Could  some  of  your 
readers  give  me  a  nice,  practical  plan  for 
such  a  building?  I  am  tired  of  feeding  rats 
and  mice.  E.  m.  c. 

New  Jersey. 

No  doubt  some  of  our  readers  will  give 
just  the  needed  plans  for  the  interior.  A 
rat-proof  house  should  be  built  off  the 
ground  so  that  rats  cannot  climb  into  it. 
Make  concrete  posts  at  least  three  feet  high, 
and  put  the  house  on  them.  Have  movable 
steps  and  do  not  let  them  rest  against 
the  house  at  any  time  when  not  needed. 
Take  them  away  after  leaving  the  house. 
Do  not  permit  any  rubbish,  piles  of  lumber 
or  anything  from  which  rats  could  jump 
near  the  house.  If  you  follow  these  plans 
exactly  rats  cannot  get  into  the  house. 


A  Virginia  Farm. — Some  time  ago  I  saw 
the  statement  that  some  Western  man  had 
been  back  East,  and  he  stated  in  his  letter 
that  he  would  not  take  an  Eastern  farm 
as  a  gift.  As  I  am  a  Western  man,  coming 
here  from  the  best  State  for  agricultural 
purposes  in  the  United  States,  I  mean  the 
State  of  Iowa,  I  want  to  make  a  statement 
taken  from  my  farm  books  for  seven  years. 

I  bought  a  farm  here  in  this  part  of  old 
Virginia  in  1902,  138  acres  for  $5,000,  and 
took  possession  March,  1903.  I  rented  this 
farm  out  on  the  half  for  stock  and  grain  ; 
we  went  partners  in  the  stock,  sheep  and 
hogs  and  a  few  cattle,  both  living  on  the 
farm,  as  we  -had  a  12-room  house  divided 
by  a  hall,  six  rooms  on  each  side,  and  have 
received  for  my  share  for  the  seven  years 
$3,800,  an  average  of  $550  a  year  on  an 
investment  of  $5,000.  I  have  paid  out  for 
commercial  fertilizer,  $350  in  the  seven 
years,  and  my  farm  to-day  is  worth  double 
what  I  paid  for  it.  If  the  farms  in  Iowa 
that  are  selling  for  $100  and  in  many  cases 
$150  per  acre,  can  be  rented  out  at  a  better 
per  cent,  than  this  on  the  investment,  I 
should  be  pleased  to  hear  from  them.  So 
much  for  poor  run-down  land.  I  should 
mention  the  crop  of  1910 :  We  have  not 
sold  all  as  yet;  I  have  had  eight  crops 
from  the  farm,  one  is  not  all  sold  yet.  We 
hope  to  spend  the  next  Winter  about  100 
miles  south  of  the  point  where  the  three- 
gallon  cow  refused  to  lead  for  the  Hope 
Farm  man.  s.  a.  s. 

Shenandoah  County,  Va. 

Hairy  Vetcii  in  Pcget  Sound  Country. 
— I  have  grown  it  for  a  soil  improver  on 
heavy  clay  soil,  dressed  very  lightly  with 
stable  manure,  and  at  blossoming  time  it 
was  over  four  feet  high.  Sown  October  20, 
with  rye  as  a  support,  it  made  little  growth 
during  the  Fall,  and  the  rye  made  a  cutting 
in  May  before  the  vetch  started ;  then  both 
came  along  together.  This  soil  had  been 
worked  but  twice  with  the  plow,  one  plow¬ 
ing  being  the  breaking.  Our  Winters  are 
mild,  but  cool  nights  the  year  round  retards 
growth  of  grasses.  I  have  found  that 
Spring  vetch  answers  just  as  well  as  the 
Hairy  or  Winter  vetch  for  this  section,  and 
it  costs  one-third  less  for  seed.  This  clay 
upland  is  entirely  without  humus  in  its 
virgin  state,  and  must  be  built  up  for  the 
growing  of  truck  and  small  fruits,  though 
strawberries  do  very  well  on  new  ground 
without  any  fertilization.  I  have  fruited 
them  at  the  rate  of  3400  boxes  per  acre,  sin¬ 
gle  and  double  row  system,  but  the  market 
drops  to  as  low  as  75  cents  per  crate  in 
about  two  weeks.  No  inoculating  for 
legumes  here ;  clover  taking  “like  a  duck 
to  water.”  This  big  timbered  country  is 
difficult  to  clear  and  put  into  a  state  for 
crop  growing,  but  when  the  price  of  land, 
the  quality  of  water  and  climate,  the  fuel 
and  low  price  of  building  material,  com¬ 
pared  with  other  sections,  are  taken  into 
consideration,  I  doubt  if  a  man  with  very 
small  means  can  find  a  better  chance  for  a 
start  toward  a  home  of  his  own.  One  can 
set  his  fruit  trees  after  slashing  and  burn- 
ing  and  clear  the  laud  afterward ;  I  did.  In 
a  few  years  most  of  the  small  stumps  can 
be  kicked  over.  The  egg  and  poultry  mar¬ 
kets  of  Seattle  and  Tacoma  are  good ;  cost 
of  feed  very  reasonable,  and  housing  is  cheap, 
three  tight  sides  to  a  building  and  a  good 
roof.  My  houses  are  entirely  open  in  front 
all  the  year,  no  curtains :  but  three-inch 
mesh  wire  netting  for  protection  from  cats, 
owls,  etc.  The  stumps  decay  while  the  chick¬ 
ens  fertilize  the  soil.  A  splendid  crop  of 
any  clover  can  be  had  by  sowing  after  burn¬ 
ing.  and  chicks  like  clover,  as  we  know, 
while  one  can  harvest  rape,  kale  and  any  of 
the  root  crops  as  needed  for  chickens  and 
cows  throughout  the  Winter.  Fine  apples 
are  grown  here,  and  I  have  had  the  Wage- 
ner  fruit  at  three  years  old.  But  one  can 
sure  get  his  start  with  poultry. 

Pierce  Co.,  Wash.  F.  H.  w. 


About  25  years  ago  New  Zealand  began 
shipping  dairy  products  to  England.  Last 
year  the  amount  received  from  this  source 
was  21,946  tons  of  butter  and  23,745  tons 
of  cheese.  Owing  to  its  climate  New 
Zealand  is  very  favorably  situated  for 
dairying,  and  by  the  help  of  the  govern¬ 
ment  a  superior  system  of  inspection  and 
marketing  has  been  developed. 


N0VENT0 

WATER-PROOF 

ROOFING 

For  Roofing,  Sheathing' 
and  Lining'  Poultry  Houses 
and  all  Outbuilding's  :  :  : 

Clean  Durable 

HIS  is  a  Water  and  Air-Proofing 
of  which  you  are  always  sure — 
which  you  can  absolutely  depend 
upon  to  thoroughly  protect  your  chickens 
and  stock  from  dampness  and  draughts. 

Just  see  how  well  Novento  is  made. 
First  it  is  thoroughly  soaked  through  and 
through  with  the  heaviest  kind  of  a  water¬ 
proofing  compound  ;  then  it  is  heavily 
coated  on  both  sides  so  that  air  or  water 
cannot  even  get  through  the  surface,  let 
alone  through  the  inside. 

We  will  be  glad  to  send  on  request 
samples  of  Novento  Roofing  so  that  you 
may  see  how  sturdy  and  well-made  it  is 
and  how  very  low  is  the  price  we  ask  for  it. 
Send  a  postal  now  to 

The  Hydrex  Felt  Ci  Engineering  Co., 

120  Liberty  Street,  New  York 

Works:  Rahway,  N.  J. 


60c 

per 

100 

Square 

Feet 

Odorless 


Try  the  DELIN 

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Try  it  for  30 days  on  your  own  roads;  then, 
if  you  find  it  entirely  satisfactory  ,  you  pay 
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The  Delin  Carriage  Co. 

17  38,  Central  Avenue 
Cincinnati,  Ohio 


PALMER  HOIST 

Horses  are  busy  in  haying  time.  Belt  your 
gasoline  engine  to  a  Palmer  Hoist 
and  unload  your  bay.  Can  be  used 
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where  a  lioister  is  used. 

Price  $35 

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line  engine,  we  can  sell 
you  a  Palmer. Self-oiling 
6  Ii. P.  engine  for  $1.30. 
Catalogue  Free 

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CoMiob,  Conn. 


“CUTAWAY” 


arc  the  results  of 
George  M.  Clark’s 
20  years’ experience 

with  grass  growing  and  hay-tool  making. 
The  original  “Cutaways”  are  great  labor 
savers  as  well  as  big  crop  makers.  Send 
today  for  our  new  booklet  “Intensive 
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CUTAWAY  harrow  CO. 

839  Main  St.  Higgannm,  Conn. 


Any 


Build 


"g 


Slate— which  you  see  on  all  substan¬ 
tially  constructed  buildings—  on  roofs  i 
of  Schools,  Churches,  Club  Houses  and 
other  Public  Buildings;  which  you  admire  for  its" 
appearance  and  lasting  service— is  easy  and  inexpen¬ 
sive  to  use  on  your  home,  barn  or  out-buildings. 


Sea  Green  and  Purple 

Roofing  State 

is  never  affected  by  climatic  changes— it  cannot  warp, 
crack,  splinter,  rust  or  decay.  It  is  the  only  roofing  that 
1  never  needs  paint  or  repairs;  that  will  outlast 
J  the  building  upon  which  It  is  laid. 

Sea  Green  and  Purple  Roofing  Slate  improves 
r  your  property,  lowers  fire  insurance  costs,  in¬ 
sures  pure,  clean  cistern  water;  is  ten  times 
better  than  galvanized  iron;  wears  three  times 
longer  than  copper,  (which  costs  more  than 
slate);  wears  ten  times  longer  than  shingles  1 
and  four  times  longer  than  tin. 

Don’t  allow  the  misleading  low  first  cost  of 
1  cheap  roofings  keep  you  from  having  a  roof  of 
slate  which  lasts  forever. 

Free  Booklet  Upon  Request 
|  Our  booklet  “Roofs”  contains  many  valu- 
[  ablo  hints  on  roofing  that  every  home  owner 
and  builder  should  know  about.  Simply 
tell  us  the  name  of  your  nearest  roofer  and 
your  copy  wilt  be  mailed  free. 

The  American  Sea  Green  Slate  Co. 

"Roofs  That  Never  Wear  Out” 

1 1 0  Clark  Street 
Granville,  N.Y. 


I 


“Matchless”  is  needed  on  every  — - 

farm  to  run  the  separator,  pump,  v_j- 
churn,  bone-mill,  washing  machine.  P 
It’s  so  simple  a  woman  can  start  it. 
.Weighs but  135 lbs.  The mostpower- 
ful  small  engine.  Our  free  book 
tells  all  about  the  “Mntcliless” 
and  our  SO  dny  free  trial 
^  offer.  Write  l'or  this  book 
LA\  today— worth  money  to  you. 


Wilson  Machine  0o.,tS5-E  Grand  Ave.,I)es  Moines, In, 

BINDER  TWINE,  6ic  lb. 

made.  Farmer  agents  wanted.  Sample 

iogue  free!  THEC.  BURT  &  SONS,  Melrose, Ohio 


Manufacturers  of  all 
kinds  of  fruit  baskets 
and  crates.  Write  for 
Catalogue  and  Price 
List. 


WEBSTER  BASKET  COMPANY, 

Box  431.  Webster,  Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y. 


M  ELI  LOT  U  S 

The  choicest  and  one  of  the  best  soil  restorers  known. 
We  have  a  fine  lot  of  seed  that  we  can  retail  at  less 
than  ordinary  wholesale  prices.  Our  seed  is  hulled, 
yellow  blossom.  GUARANTEED  TO  GROW.  This 
plant  is  also  a  splendid  preparation  for  alfalfa. 

■  ■  Vs  A  |  A  All  northern  grown,  guaranteed  to  be 

AS  r  Al  r  A  per  ccnt  Pure  and  freo  from  dodder. 

ftLB  flLI  n  Writs  for  freo  sample. 

THE  WING  SEED  COMPANY 

BOX  823  MECHANICSBURG,  OHIO 


Protect  Your  Corn  from  Crows  ! 

Stanley’s 

Crow  Repellent 

will  insure  full  protection  of  corn  from  crows  and 
other  birds  and  save  expense  and  loss  of  replanting. 
$1.00  per  can  delivered  nearest  Express  office. 

THKO.  A.  STANLEY,  New  Britain.  Ct. 


SSO  TO  S300  SAVED 


Wc  are  manufacturers,  not  merchants.  Save  dealers, 
jobbers  and  catalog  house  profit.  I’ll  save  you  from 
$50  to$300  on  my  High  Grade  Standard  Gasoline 
Engines  from  2  to  22-H.-P. — Price  direct  to  you 
lower  than  dealers  or  jobbers  have  to  pay  for 
similar  engines  in  carload  lots  for  spot  cash. 

GALLOWAY 

Price  and  quality  speak  for  themselves 
and  you  are  to  be  the  sole  judge. 

Sell  your  poorest  horse  and  buy  a 

5-H.-P.  only  $'19.50 


Direct 
From 
My  Fac- 
•ry  on  30 
Days'  Free 
ial.  Satisfac¬ 
tion  or  money 
back.  Write  forspec* 
il  proposition.  All 
you  pay  me  is  for  raw 
material,  labor  and 
one  small  profit.  Send  for 
my  big  BOOK  FREE. 


Wm.  Galloway,  Pres. 
Wm.  Galloway  Co. 
CG5  Gallow  ay  Station 
Waterloo,  Iowa 


CABBAGE  PLANTS  SAT  IS  FA  CTION^GUflRflNTEEff 

Early  Jersey  Wakefield,  Charleston  Wakefield, 
Early  Summer,  Enkhuizen  and  Succession.  Shipped 
in  damp  moss,  If  not  satisfied  I  will  refill  the  order 
free.  Sweet  Potato  plants  $2.  R.  S.  NI0NDS,  Mappsville, 
(near  Md.  line,  Penna.  R.R.  System,  Adams  Express)  Viromia. 


.-PRIVET  HEDGING-, 

.  .  .  SPECIAL  2  YEAR  .  .  . 

12  to  18  in.  @  $1.25  per  100 . $10.00  per  1000 

18  to  24  in.  <&  $1.50  per  100 . $13.00  per  1000 

This  is  all  well  branched 

TERMS  •  •  CASH  WITH  ORDER 

JOS.  H.  BLACK,  SON  &  CO..  HIGHTSTOWN,  N.  J. 


OLYMPIC  NATURE  NURSERY 

Rhododendrons,  Madronas,  Oregon  Grapes,  Huckle¬ 
berries  and  other  wild  shrubs,  plants  and  flowers. 

By  mail,  10  for  50  cents,  24  for  SI  .00  postpaid. 

Money  back  if  not  satisfied. 

JOEL  SHOMAKKK,  Nellita,  Washington. 


Dewdrop  Everbearing  Strawberry 

Largest  in  the  World.  Bears  First  Season.  Free 
circular.  H.  F.  DEW,  Albion,  Midi. 


STRAWBERRIES 

Plan  10  have  plenty  in  your  own  garden.  109  plants 
in  three  best  varieties,  $1.UU  postpaid. 

Geo.  R.  Schauber,  Box  R,  Ballston  Lake,  N.Y. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS— New  and  old  varieties.  Send 
for  new  Illus.  Catalogue  for  1911.  Prices  from 
$1.50  per  1.000  up.  DAVID  RODWAY,  Hartly,  Dei. 


[YD  CAI  C — Cow  Peas.  $2.50  to  $3.00  bushel; 
H n  OMLE  Orimson  Clover  Seed,  $8.50  bushel: 

5 (HI  bnshftl 


Pc 


Sweet  Potato  Plants 

list  free.  W.  S.  FORD  &  SON,  Hartly,  Del. 


SALESMEN  WANTED  TWS8 

Free  outfit.  Commission  paid  weekly.  Write  for 
terms.  PERRY  NURSERIES. Rochester,  New  York 


CABBAGE  PLANTS  of  all  kinds,  $1  per  1000;  Tomato  mid  Sweet 
Potato  Plants.  $1.00  per  1000;  Cauliflower  and  Peppers,  $2.50 
per  1000.  Plants  ready  for  field.  J.  C.  Schmidt,  Bristol,  P». 


PEACH  TREES 


KLBEKTA,  CARMAN,  HIKLEY,  and  all  the 

leading  varieties  at  prices  that  will  save  you  money. 
We  have  APPLE,  PEAR,  PLUM,  and  other  varieties  of 
fruit  trees  also.  Catalog  free. 


BARNES  BROS.  NURSERY  GO.Kconn 


Remember  the  sacred  duty  you  owe  the  dead  | 
REPUBLIC  CEMETERY  FENCES  AND  GATES 

Will  protect  and  beautify  the  resting  place  of  your  departed  loved  . 
onee.  They  are  inexpensive  and  almost  everlasting.  Made  of  large 
heavily  galvanized  rust  proof  wires.  Exclusive,  attractive  designs.  | 

Special  prices  to  churches  and  cemeteries. 

A  Postal  Will  Bring  Our  Catalog. 

Republic  Fence  4  Gate  Co.,  211  Republic  St.,  N.  Chicago,  Ill. 


19 11. 


I  HE  RURA.I>  NEW-YORKER 


<5  Ho 


QUESTIONS  ABOUT  CHEMICALS. 

G.  A.  II.,  Sagamore,  N.  Y.- — The  soil  bore 
In  this  locality  is  sandy,  and  even  with  a 
moderate  amount  of  manure,  grows  a  fair 
crop  of  corn,  and  strawberries  seem  to  like 
the  soil ;  but  this  year  I  shall  have  to  use 
more  fertilizer  of  some  kind.  Near  by  me 
there  is  a  soil  that  is  on  the  top  of  rock, 
flat  lime  rock.  The  soil  has  a  yellow  cast 
and  is  full  of  small  roots.  It  has  never 
been  cultivated,  as  a  good  many  places  the 
rock  comes  to  the  surface,  and  other  places 
it  is  10  to  20  inches  to  the  rock.  I  thought 
this  soil  must  be  full  of  vegetable  matter. 
How  would  it  do  to  mix  the  soil  with  coal 
ashes  and  chemicals?  If  this  is  used  what 
chemicals  should  I  want?  If  this  mixture 
was  the  right  thing  to  use  I  would  only 
expect  to  use  it  in  the  garden  and  for  my 
corn  and  potatoes ;  I  could  not  use  it  ou 
my  oats  or  buckwheat,  for  I  have  no  way 
to  distribute  it  even,  as  it  would  be  too 
heavy.  Also,  I  intend  to  plant  several  acres 
of  beans,  and .  I  would  like  to  use  some 
kind  of  fertilizer  in  the  rows  to  push  them 
along.  What  would  be  best?  I  saw  in 
some  issue  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  that  coal  ashes 
mixed  with  chemicals  and  wetted  down  with 
water  would  be  good  to  use.  Would  this  be 
right  for  any  crops?  IIow  would  ground 
bone  do  for  strawberries  before  they  start 
to  grow? 

Ans.— The  coal  ashes  contain  no  plant 
food.  They  have  some  mechanical  ef¬ 
fect  on  the  soil.  There  is  no  reason  to 
suppose  that  the  soil  over  the  lime  rock 
has  enough  fertility  to  pay  to  mix  it. 
You  will  gain  nothing  by  mixing  it  with 
ashes  and  chemicals.  Better  haul  and 
scatter  it  directly  over  your  garden  in 
case  you  want  to  use  it.  We  doubt, 
however,  if  you  will  be  paid  for  your 
labor.  The  case  of  mixing  coal  ashes 
with  dissolved  chemicals  was  where  very 
strong  and  expensive  chemicals  like 
nitrate  of  potash  are  used.  They  are 
so  strong  that  only  small  amounts  would 
be  used,  and  it  would  be  hard  to  scat¬ 
ter  such  small  lots  evenly.  To  make  a 
better  job  of  it  the  nitrate  of  potash  or 
phosphate  of  ammonia  can  be  dissolved 
in  water,  and  this  water  sprinkled  over 
dried  coal  ashes.  When  the  water  evapo¬ 
rates  these  chemicals  are  mixed  all 
through  the  ashes,  and  thus  it  is  easy 
to  get  an  even  distribution.  This  would 
hardly  pay  with  ordinary  fertilizing 
chemicals,  as  they  can  be  quite  evenly 
distributed  withouit  dissolving.  Your 
scheme  involves  too  much  labor  for  any 
advantage  in  sight  for  it.  A  simple 
combination  of  chemicals  would  be 
nitrate  of  soda  or  dried  blood  for 
nitrogen,  acid  phosphate  for  phosphoric 
acid  and  muriate  of  potash  for  potash. 
For  garden  crops  you  can  use  them 
in  the  proportion  by  weight  of  1-3-1. 
For  the  bean  crop  use  l-G-V/2.  Ground 
bone  supplies  some  nitrogen  and  enough 
phosphoric  acid,  but  no  potash  at  all, 
and  on  such  soil  the  latter  must  b; 
added.  All  soils  from  which  hay,  grain 
or  straw  have  been  taken  arc  sure  to 
lack  potash,  as  that  element  is  largely 
found  in  the  stems  of  such  plants. 


Working  Up  Old  Meadows. 

F.  F.,  BartonsviUe,  Vt. — In  renewing  an 
old  piece  of  mowing,  will  plowing  first  and 
spreading  and  harrowing  manure  after  give 
as  good  results  as  plowing  manure  under? 
What  do  you  think  of  top-dressing  with 
manure  in  the  Fall  as  a  means  of  renovat¬ 
ing  old  mowing  as  an  economical  proposi¬ 
tion  when  a  man  can  do  it  alone,  whereas 
he  would  otherwise  have*  to  hire  men  and 
teams  to  do  the  plowing,  having  only  one 
horse.? 

Ans. — On  general  principles  we  would 
rather  plow  the  manure  under.  It  de¬ 
pends  somewhat  on  the  condition  of  the 
manure.  If  fine  and  well  rotted  it  will 
harrow  in  much  better  than  if  coarse 
and  lumpy,  and  where  it  is  fine  the  har¬ 
rowing  will  mix  it  better  with  the  soil 
and  give  a  better  seed  bed  for  the  new 
seeding.  With  coarse,  heavy  manure  we 
would  rather  plow  under.  The  value 
of  top-dressing  either  with  manure  or 
fertilizer  will  depend  on  how  much  good 
grass  there  is  left.  If  the  stand  is  still 
fair,  the  top-dressing  will  heln.  If,  as 
is  often  the  case,  the  sod  is  mostly 
weeds  and  wild  grass,  you  will  not  get 
much  benefit  until  you  break  up  and  re¬ 
seed. 


Grubs  and  Potatoes. 

Do  grubs  work  on  potatoes  every  third 
year,  and  will  they  work  this  year? 

Salem,  N.  Y.  t.  q. 

You  probably  refer  to  the  white  grub 
which  lives  through  three'  years.  They 
work  every  year,  since  some  are  hatched 
out  each  season. 

Failure  with  Rape. 

Tell  your  readers  not  to  get  too  much 
excited  over  rape,  unless  they  have  tried  it 
and  know  it  will  grow  on  their  soil.  A 
neighbor  of  mine,  near  Tuckerton,  N.  J., 
planted  it  ou  about  the  best  soil  on  his 
farm,  and  it  grew  about  two  inches  high 
and  quit,  as  did  also  the  curled  kale  which 
he  plauted  same  time.  So  it  will  uot  do 
well  on  all  soils.  j.  l.  p. 

R.  N.-Y. — We  do  not  want  our  readers 
excited  over  anything. 

Harrowing  in  Canada  Peas. 

I  sowed  Canada  field  peas  with  oats  last 
season  and  was  well  pleased  with  them. 
Why  wouldn't  it  be  all  right  to  sow  the  peas 
on  the  rough  furrows  and  harrow  them  in 
with  spring-tooth  harrow,  then  sow  the  oats 
and  harrow  in?  It  makes  a  lot  of  extra 
work  to  plow  peas  in.  Will  you  advise  me 
in  regard  to  this?  F.  e.  k. 

Hodenville,  N.  Y. 

We  doubt  if  this  will  put  the  peas  in  deep 
enough  for  best  results.  In  a  dry  season 
they  would  suffer.  They  will  come  up  and 
grow,  but  are  better  off  four  inches  or  more 
under. 

Sawdust— Green  and  Rotted. 

1.  I  have  a  large  pile  of  green  hardwood 
sawdust.  IIow  would  this  do  to  put  with  , 
straw  and  use  as  bedding  for  horses  and 
cattle?  I  have  another  sawdust  pile  con¬ 
taining  about  50  to  75  two-horse  loads. 
How  would  this  do  to  haul  iu  field  aud  use 
as  you  would  manure.  This  sawdust  has 
been  lying  past  three  years.  This  is  also 
hardwood  sawdust.  c.  H.  s. 

Canton,  O. 

The  sawdust  mixed  with  the  straw  and 
used  for  bedding  will  be  useful.  Green 
sawdust  contains  an  acid.  Large  quantities 
of  it  will  hurt  the  soil.  Soaking  in  stable 
liquids  will  neutralize  it.  Three-year-old 
sawdust  ought  uot  to  hurt  if  used  moder¬ 
ately.  A  surer  thing  would  be  to  use  lime 
at  the  same  time. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Tiie  1 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.'’  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


DAILY 

OUTPUT 

18,000 

BBLS 


YEARLY 

OUTPUT 

OVER 

6,500,000 


ALPHA 

NOT  LAM  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS  :  , 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


Over  1,000  Gallons 


Per  Hour 


Fairbanks-Morse 


Engine  and  pump  jack  complete. 


OO 


F.  O.  B.  Factory 
Free  catalog  No.  ME  598 
Fairbanks,  Morse  &  Co. 
New  York 


43  years’  successful  operation. 
Used  In  nearly  all  parts  of  the 
world.  We  make  a  complete  line 
ot  Drilling  Machines  and  tools 
for  every  condition  of  earth 
and  rock  drilling  and  min¬ 
eral  prospecting.  Complete 
catalogue  No.  120  showing  over 
40  styles  of  machines  free. 

THE  AMERICAN  WELL  WORKS 

General  Office  and  Works: 

_  Aurora,  HI. 

Chicago  Office:  First  National  Bank  Building. 


FENCE 
■  a  rod 


25c 


JACOBSON 

SELF-CONTAINED  ENGINE  WITH  AUTOMATIC  DRAINING 
WATER  TANK. 

No  Freezing  No  Overheating 

Ko  Large  Water  Tank 

The  Agency  is  available  in  some  sections  and 
valuablo  in  all. 

JACOBSON  MACHINE  MFG.  CO. 


Ill  Irvine  Street 


Warren, Pa. 


iROWN  FENCES 


Strongest,  most  durable  fence 
made.  Heaviest,  closest  wires.  Double 

(galvanized.  Practically  indestructible.  Stock 
strong  Chicken  tight.  14  to  35c  per  rod.  Sample  free.  Wepayfrt. 

JTheflrown^enc^^VdreCoL^lepi^^^leveland^hlo^^ 


Best  high  carbon  coiled  steel 
wire.  Easy  to  stretch  over 
hills  and  hollows.  I  REE 
Catalog — fences,  tools.  Buy 
from  factory  at  wholesale 
prices.  Write  today  to  Box  67 
MASON  FENCE  CO.,  LEESBl'KG,  ft 


EMPIRE  FENCE 

Get  the  genuine  EMPIRE  big 
wire  l'ence,  direct,  at  wholesale. 
Save  dealer’s  proilts. 


Big  Factory,  Big 
Sales,  23  Styles 

No  traveling  salesmen,  small 
_  expense,  prices  low.  Every- 
^  rthing  guaranteed.  Free  samples  by 
mall.  Prices  of  leadingstylesfreight  pre¬ 
paid  to  all  points  north  of  the  Ohio  and 
east  of  the  Mississippi  River: — 

WIros  Inches  high  Medium  Woight  Extra  heavy  (all  No.9) 

9  39  23e  per  rod  37c  per  rod 

10  47  26c  per  rod  41c  per  rod 

12  55  82c  per  rod  49c  per  rod 

Special  rates  beyond  this  territory. 

BOND  STEEL  POST  CO.,  23  E.  Maunee  St..  Adrian,  Mich. 


$90,000  Daily 

Now  Spent  for  No-Rim-Cut  Tires 

Over  600,000  already  sold— enough  to  equip  150,000  cars. 
All  because  they  cut  tire  bills  in  two. 


The  sale  of  Goodyear  tires  has 
multiplied  six  times  over  in  the  past 
two  years.  Last  year  they  jumped 
to  $8,500,000.  They  are  now  running 
double  last  year. 

Sixty-four  leading  motorcar  mak¬ 
ers  have  contracted  with  us  for  these 
tires.  To  supply  them  and  tire 
dealers  we  are  running  our  factories 
twenty-four  hours  per  day. 

The  reason  lies  in  a  patented  tire 
— the  No-Rim-Cut  tire — 10  per  cent 
oversize.  Men  have  found  that  this 
tire  saves  one-half  on  their  tire  bills. 
And  the  tire  has  become  the  sensa¬ 
tion  of  motordom. 


The  No-Rim-Cut  Tire 

Here  is  the  Goodyear  No-Rim 
Cut  tire  as  it  fits  any  standard  rim 
When  you  adopt  this  tire 
you  simply  reverse  the  re¬ 
movable  rim  flanges  so  they 
curve  outward.  They  curve 
inward  with  old-style  tires. 

This  change  can  be  made  in 
ten  seconds. 

The  rounded  edge  of  the 
flange  then  comes  next  to 


the  tire,  and  rim-cutting  is  made 
impossible. 

No  Hooks  on  This  Tire 

The  ordinary  tire— the  clincher 
tire— has  hooks  on  the  base  to  hook 
into  the  rim  flange.  That  is  how 
the  tire  is  held  on.  See  the  next 
picture. 

When  you  use  this  type  the 
removable  rim  flanges  are  set  to 
curve  inward.  Note  how  they  dig 
in  when  the  tire  is  deflated.  That  is 
why  the  common  tire  will  rim-cut 
if  you  run  it  flat. 

Ordinary  Clincher  Tire 

The  No-Rim-Cut  tire  has  no  hooks 
on  the  base.  It  is  held  to  the  rim  by 
flat  tape,  made  of  126  braided  wires, 
vulcanized  into  the  tire  base.  These 
make  the  tire  base  unstretchable. 

The  tire  can’t  come  off  because  the 
base  can’t  stretch.  Nothing  can  force 
it  over  the  rim.  But,  when  you  unlock 
and  remove  the  rim  flange,  the  tire 


comes  oft  like  any  quick-detachable 
tire  except  that  it  won't  stick. 


The  Ordinary  Clincher  Tire 

This  braided  wire  feature  is  con¬ 
trolled  by  our  patents.  And  there  is 
no  other  way  known  to  make  a  safe 
tire  which  will  stay  on  without  hooks. 

10%  Oversize 

These  No-Rim-Cut  tires,  where  the 
rim  flanges  flare  outvyard.  can  be  made 
10  per  cent  over  the  fated  size  and  still 
fit  the  rim.  And  we  give  you  that  over¬ 
size  without  extra  cost. 

That  means  10  per  cent  more  air — 
10  per  cent  greater  carrying  capacity. 
And  that,  with  the  average  car,  means 
25  per  cent  more  mileage  per  tire. 

These  two  features  together — No- 
Rim-Cut  and  oversize — will  double  the 
service  one  gets  from  a  tire  under 
average  conditions.  Yet  Good¬ 
year  No-Rim-Cut  tires  cost  no 
more  than  other  standard 
tires. 


No-Rim-Cut  Tires 


Our  latest  Tire  Book,  based 
on  twelve  years  spent  in  tire 
making,  contains  many  facts 
which  motorists  should  know. 
Please  ask  us  to  mail  it  to  you. 


THE  GOODYEAR  TIRE  &  RUBBER  COMPANY,  59th  Street,  Akron,  Ohio 

Branches  and  Agencies  in  203  Principal  Cities  We  Make  All  Sorts  of  Rubber  Tires 


(323) 


e«e 


THE  RURAL  NEW-VORKER 


May  13, 


WATER  LEAKING  THROUGH  CEMENT. 

.V.  B.,  X etc  Cumberland:,  l'a. — I  have  a 
spring  of  water  that  1  wish  to  force  to  my 
house  by  a  ram.  It  works  all  right,  but 
this  spring  leaks  and  I  cannot  stop  it,  con¬ 
sequently  the  water  supply  is  too  low.  I 
must  stop  the  leaking;  cement  will  not  set, 
and  the  water  works  through  the  cement. 
There  is  a  stone  wall  around  the  spring. 
1  cannot  keep  the  water  from  working 
through  the  cement.  We  left  all  the  water 
out  of  the  spring,  then  we  cemented  the 
wall,  closed  up  the  front  part  where  the 
pipe  entered,  but  that  remained  soft  and 
would  not  set,  water  soaked  through  it. 
Potter’s  clay  resisted  the  water  better  than 
cement.  I  am  told  you  cannot  cement  a 
spring  on  account  of  the  water  always  mov¬ 
ing.  What  shall  I  do? 

It  is  a  hard  matter  to  plaster  a  stone 
wall  with  cement  strong  enough  to  stand 
a  very  hard  water  pressure,  unless  the 
wall  has  been  laid  with  a  cement  mortar 
of  good  quality,  then  cement  plastered 
on  sfdes  sets  firmly  to  the  cement  be¬ 
tween  the  stones  and  makes  a  pretty 
good  job,  but  is  not  as  good  as  brick 
laid  in  cement  plastered  on  both  sides, 
or  the  regular  mixture  of  concrete. 
If  you  think  the  sides  of  this  spring 
are  satisfactory,  and  the  only  trouble 
is  at  the  outlet.,  I  would  put  in  a  form 
of  matched  lumber  one  inch  thick  to 
form  the  inside  face  of  concrete  work; 
the  water  can  be  dammed  up  securely 
by  using  a  little  clay  at  the  ends.  Then 
build  another  form  for  face  or  outside 
of  the  wall,  leaving  a  six-inch  space 
for  concrete.  Place  the  pipe  in  the 
form  just  as  you  wish  it  to  remain,  then 
fill  the  six-inch  space  with  cement  one 
part  to  three  of  sand,  using  nothing  but 
the  best  Portland  cement,  and  clean 
sharp  creek  sand,  and  I  think  you  win 
have  no  more  trouble,  unless  it  leaks 
through  the  stone  wall.  w.  a.  b. 


RYE  FOR  THE  SILO 
And  for  Various  Other  Uses. 

The  Hope  Farm  man  has  been  telling  us 
for  years  about  sowing  rye  at  the  last  cul¬ 
tivation  of  corn,  but  there  still  seems  to 
be  need  of  his  keeping  on  with  his  preach¬ 
ing  on  this  subject,  notwithstanding  that 
he  seems  inclined  at  times  to  make  apolo¬ 
gies  for  keeping  everlastingly  at  it.  It  has, 
in  fact,  been  but  a  short  time  since  the 
editor  of  a  certain  agricultural  newspaper 
(10  years  behind  the  times)  warned  his 
readers  that  the  sowing  of  rye  at  the  last 
cultivation  of  corn  was  still  in  the  “experi¬ 
mental  stage.”  He  did  not  know  that  right 
here  in  his  own  State,  rye  could  be  sown 
successfully  any  time  from  the  early  part 
of  July  until  well  into  the  following  Winter, 
whenever  it  is  possible  to  get  it  into  the 
ground ;  fine  crops  of  it  being  raised  that 
were  put  in  during  January,  the  late  sow¬ 
ings  not  even  coming  up  until  Spring.  Fur¬ 
ther  than  that,  in  the  Spring  of  1909  we 
had  a  lot  of  rye  and  vetch  in  bags  on  the 
barn  floor.  A  nurseryman  visiting  us  asked 
what  we  were  going  to  do  with  all  that 
seed.  I  said  we  wanted  that  to  sow  at 
the  last  cultivation  of  the  corn,  to  use  for 
feed  the  following  year.  Mis  reply  seemed 
to  be  one  of  pity,  inasmuch  as  he  informed 
me  that  if  it  had  not  been  for  such  fool 
notions  as  that  I  might  have  been  a  mill¬ 
ionaire.  While  this  may  all  be  true,  we 
sowed  the  rye  just  the  same,  the  last  time 
we  cultivated  the  corn,  and  have  never  re¬ 
gretted  it. 

That  same  Fall  I  told  a  neighbor  dairy¬ 
man  that  we  had  a  lot  of  rye  coming  on  to 
put  in  the  silo  the  next  Summer.  He  liked 
the  idea,  and  said  he  would  put  in  a  lot 
for  the  same  purpose,  and  probably  did  so, 
but  during  the  Winter  he  attended  a  far¬ 
mers’  institute  at  Wayland,  and  as  was  the 
proper  thing  to  do,  put  a  question  in  the 
box,  asking  if  green  rye  would  make  good 
silage.  He  was  informed  that  it  would  not, 
as  it  let  air  in,  and  could  not  be  kept.  I 
told  him  I  -would  try  it  anyhow,  but  knew 
more  when  I  got  done  than  I  did  before. 
The  first  trouble  was  that  we  waited  too 
long  before  starting  to  fill  silo  with  the 
rye,  as  I  had  read  that  rye  was  very  suc¬ 
culent  and  valuable  for  soiling  until  it  came 
in  bloom,  and  our  time  of  filling  was 
planned  accordingly,  but  had  we  been  all 
done  a  day  or  two  before  the  time  we 
started,  we  would  have  hit  it  about  right. 
During  the  hot  weather  rye  develops  very 
rapidly,  and  one  day’s  time  may  ruin  it 
entirely  for  use  in  silo.  It  is  not  a  crop 
that  can  stand  a  few  days  extra  like  corn, 
but  must  be  put  in  the  silo  while  still 
green,  juicy  and  tender.  If  one  waits  until 
rye  comes  in  bloom,  he  has  lost  its  value  for 
succulence,  whether  for  soiling  or  for  silage. 
By  “bloom,”  reference  is  made  to  the  time 
the  rye  actually  comes  in  bloom,  not  in 
head.  When  the  yellow  pollen  flies  in  cut¬ 


ting  and  handling,  it  is  too  late  to  be  of 
much  use  for  silage,  and  should  already 
have  been  in  the  silo  several  days. 

As  a  rule,  it  is,  no  doubt,  a  mistake  to 
go  against  the  advice  of  authorities  on 
such  matters,  but  after  one  has  been 
through  the  mill  a  few  times,  in  feeding  a 
larger  herd  than  his  farm  can  support, 
either  in  Winter  or  Summer,  he  is  willjng 
to  risk  a  little  for  the  sake  of  the  great  ad¬ 
vantage  of  having  an  abundance  of  silage 
for  Summer  feeding,  instead  of  depending 
on  pasture,  or  being  everlastingly  tied  down 
to  the  job  of  raising  and  handling  soiling 
crops,  which  must  be  attended  to  whether 
other  crops  suffer  or  not,  and  in  rain  or 
shine.  After  one  has  been  through  it,  he 
can  readily  appreciate  a  silo  full  of  rye,  even 
though  he  does  have  to  press  the  wind  out 
of  it,  to  keep  it.  The  objection  made  to 
putting  rye  in  the  silo  is  that  it  has  too 
much  air  mixed  with  it,  on  account  of  hav¬ 
ing  hollow  stems  or  straw,  but  when  one 
has  a  silo  so  located  that  he  can  apply 
heavy  pressure  to  the  top  immediately  after 
filling,  or  can  build  a  small  silo  for  the 
purpose,  and  weight  it  down  with  several 
tons  of  stone  or  other  material,  he  can 
surely  have  rye  silage,  if  the  crop  is  at¬ 
tended  to  in  time,  and  cut  up  fine.  Even 
though  one  is  not  able  to  apply  heavy 
weight  to  settle  the  rye  quickly  and  pack 
it  tightly,  resulting  in  the  loss  of  some  of 
it  about  the  edges,  it  is  not  all  lost.  What 
does  the  loss  of  a  load  or  two  of  rye 
amount  to  compared  with  having  the  feed 
where  you  want  it  and  when  needed? 
Spoiled  silage  makes  good  humus.  In  our 
own  case,  we  simply  built  of  old  material  a 
pair  of  small  twin  silos  inside  the  barn, 
at  a  cost  of  about  $2  above  labor,  and 
after  filling,  piled  on  a  few  tons  of  stones, 
which  quickly  settled  the  silage,  packing  it 
down  tightly.  The  rye  cut  first,  while  still 
green  and  juicy,  made  nice  silage,  and  the 
loss  was  slight  where  silo  was  tight,  ex¬ 
cepting  in  the  corners,  but  the  part  put  in 
last,  especially  after  it  came  in  bloom, 
spoiled  badly,  was  tough,  and  cows  did  not 
like  it.  Just  48  hours’  time  made  the  entire 
difference  between  success  and  failure, 


showing  the  importance  of  getting  at  the 
job  in  time. 

The  best  judge  of  good  silage  is  the  old 
cow  herself.  When  wo  first  started  to  feed 
the  silage  from  the  tough  rye,  one  old  Jer¬ 
sey,  in  her  teens,  considered  it  very  poor 
stuff,  but  as  we  worked  down  to  where  the 
rye  was  young  and  green  when  put  in,  she 
took  hold  of  it  in  a  way  to  give  pleasure 
to  the  heart  of  any  feeder.  The  advice  is 
often  given  to  have  sufficient  corn  silage 
to  feed  the  year  round,  but  not  all  dairy¬ 
men  can  do  this,  and  rye  silage  makes  a 
very  cheap  feed  for  Summer  feeding.  A 
part  of  the  rye  cut  just  as  it  came  in  bloom 
was  saved  for  hay,  but  aside  from  nosing 
through  it,  picking  out  the  vetch,  which  was 
eaten  quickly,  we  had  no  stock  that  would 
eat  the  rye,  unless  forced  or  starved  t°  it. 
Green  rye.  cut  with  a  binder,  is  about  as 
near  perfect  for  use  as  a  mulch,  as  anything 
that  can  be  found  for  this  purpose.  It  is 
clean,  free  from  seeds,  easily  handled  and 
just  right. 

Reference  was  made  to  our  having  vetch 
■with  the  rye,  and  although  there  was  a 
considerable  proportion  of  it  among  the 
rye  when  sown,  there  was  but  little  of  it 
when  cut,  excepting  in  spots.  There  is  no 
doubt  about  the  groat  value  of  vetch,  but 
its  value  is  for  a  “later  course,”  not  for  a 
start,  on  all  poor  soils.  We  find  clover 
even,  coming  in  thick  without  seeding,  on 
land  where  vetch  was  almost  a  failure.  Here 
on  the  hilltop  our  land  is  all  light,  and  has 
been  badly  run  with  potatoes.  Our  experi¬ 
ence  with  Hairy  vetch  on  clay  soil  further 
down  the  hillside,  where  it  grew  easily, 
and  seeded  heavily,  led  us  to  believe  it 
would  grow  anywhere,  but  the  first  attempt 
to  grow  it  here  on  the  hill  changed  that 
opinion.  Nor  have  any  subsequent  trials 
been  as  satisfactory  as  on  the  heavy  soils, 
excepting  jn  one  instance,  when  we  manured 
a  piece  of  land  for  Alfalfa,  but  the  season 
continuing  dry  until  too  late  to  sow  Alfalfa, 
we  put  in  rye  and  vetch.  On  that  piece  we 
had  a  very  heavy  crop  of  both,  but  that 
same  seed,  sowed  on  land  that  had  been 
manured  for  silage  corn,  did  not  make  any 


such  showing,  excepting  in  spots  that  had 
an  extra  heavy  application  of  manure,  most¬ 
ly  where  the  corn  was  top-dressed  during 
early  Summer,  the  top-dressing  being  heav¬ 
ily  applied  where  the  corn  itself  was  poor¬ 
est,  immediately  followed  by  a  long 
drought,  the  corn  receiving  slight  benefit. 
There  seems  fo  be  no  difference  whether 
vetch  had  been  previously  grown  on  the 
land  or  not,  as  on  some  of  it  we  had  vetch 
for  three  years,  nor  did  earlier  applications 
of  lime  make  any  difference  that  could  be 
noticed.  The  manure  did  the  business. 

Livingston  Co.,  N.  Y.  I.  c.  hogers. 

l  To  be  continued.) 


Early  Soiling  Crop. 

I  would  like  to  know  the  earliest  green 
crop  to  plant  for  milch  cows,  to  be  cut 
green  and  fed  in  the  barn.  Can  you  raise 
two  crops  of  millet  the  same  season ;  if 
not  at  what  time  should  it  he  planted? 
What  are  the  vegetables  benefited  by  poul¬ 
try  fertilizer?  I  want  to  know  particular¬ 
ly  about  cow  beets  and  onions — how  it 
should  be  put  on  in  the  Spring?  I  have 
heard  it  ought  to  be  put  on  in  the  Fall. 
Our  soil  is  sandy.  G.  E.  s. 

Parish,  N.  Y. 

There  is  nothing  better  for  early  sowing 
than  oats  and  peas.  Yes,  you  can  grow  two 
crops  of  Japanese  millet  by  sowing  the  first 
about  May  15  and  cutting  late  in  July.  The 
second  crop  will  not  be-  large.  Poultry  ma¬ 
nure  is  rich  in  nitrogen  and  it  is  usually 
best  on  the  crops  which  make  most  of  their 
growth  above  ground  like  cabbage,  corn, 
onions  or  garden  crops. 


Dahlia  Treatment. — If  A.  J.  B.,  Flush¬ 
ing,  N.  Y.,  will  plant  her  Dahlia  roots  in 
coal  ashes  she  will  not  be  troubled  with 
the  worms  and  be  surprised  at  their  rank 
growth  and  abundance  of  bloom.  Empty 
the  water  from  the  weekly  wash  on  the 
Dahlia  bed.  This  is  my  success  for  the  past 
two  years.  E.  c.  H.  G. 

New  York. 


YOU’D  rather  buy  a  $150  horse 

than  a  $50  horse ;  you  know  how 

v 

much  cheaper  the  $150  horse  is. 

Same  way  in  buying  a  gasoline  engine;  you’ll 
pay  less  for  some  than  for  an  Olds  Gasoline 
Engine;  but  you’d  better  have  the  Olds. 

It  is  the  simplest  engine  built;  .fewer  parts;  every  part  made 
in  the  most  perfect  manner  known,  of  the  best  materials; 
doesn’t  get  out  of  order. 

We  adjust  every  Olds  Engine  to  run  perfectly  before  ship¬ 
ping;  it  is  ready  to  run  when  you  get  it. 

We’ve  been  making  these  engines  for  30  years ;  the  standard 
by  which  all  others  are  measured. 

Send  for  particulars;  and  catalogue. 

Seager  Engine  Works 

908  Seager  Street,  Lansing,  Michigan 

/  Mallalieu  &  Conrey,  1816  Market  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Branch  )  Deyo.Macey  Engine  Co.,  26  Washington  Street,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 

Offices  ^  Robt.  \v.  Hart,  Mgr.  Seager  Engine  Works,  67  Beverly  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 


mi. 


687 


THR  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


SHADE  TREES  FOR  CONNECTICUT. 

Wliat  is  the  best  tree  to  plant  along  the 
highway  ?  I  have  a  mile  of  cleared  pasture 
land  bordering  on  the  road.  Land  stony 
and  well  drained.  I  want  a  row  of  orna¬ 
mental  trees,  one  with  bee  nasture  in  the 
bloom.  Will  Catalpa  fill  the  bill?  m. 

In  all  cases  we  would  advocate  the  maple. 
It  is  the  hardiest  in  every  way,  and  would 
certainly  beautify  the  road  much  more  than 
any  other  tree.  Stephen  hoyt’s  sons  go. 

Connecticut. 

I  place  first  above  all  others  the  bass¬ 
wood  or  linden.  This  would  probably  do 
well  in  the  location  described ;  trees  not 
so  cheap  as  others,  but  always  handsome, 
and  the  flowers,  not  showy,  but  very  frag¬ 
rant  and  very  valuable  for  bees.  The 
Catalpa  might  do,  but  foliage  comes  very 
late  and  falls  very  early,  and  the  trees  are 
very  stiff  in  general  outline.  Either  Red 
or  Silver  maple  would  do.  The  tulip  tree 
or  white  wood  and  horse  chestnut  are  hand¬ 
some  trees,  but  not  valuable  for  bees.  I 
may  say  for  the  linden  that  either  the 
European  or  American  can  be  used,  but  the 
first  holds  its  form  better  when  old.  Any 
of  the  above  would  do  well  in  locality 
named.  prof.  a.  g.  gulley. 

Connecticut  College. 

Though  the  Catalpa  grows  in  Connecti¬ 
cut  and  is  mentioned  as  a  honey-producing 
plant,  it  is  not  a  very  important  one,  and 
the  trees  are  rather  scrawny  as  they  grow 
old.  If  this  inquirer  wishes  the  best  tree 
that  he  can  find  as  a  honey  producer,  it 
would  be  without  question  the  basswood  or 
linden.  This  is  also  an  attractive  shade 
tree.  Other  trees  which  are  of  some  use 
as  honey  producers  are  the  black  locust  and 
honey  locust,  and  the  tulip  tree.  Then, 
too,  all  the  different  kinds  of  maples  and 
willows  are  of  considerable  value  for  early 
brood  rearing.  Personally,  I  should  regard 
the  maples  as  better  shade  trees  than  any 
of  the  others,  followed  perhaps  by  the  lin¬ 
dens,  and  any  of  those  which  I  have  men¬ 
tioned  I  should  prefer  to  tfie  Catalpa. 

•  W.  E.  BRITTON. 

Connecticut  State  Entomologist. 

If  you  would  be  contented  with  a  row  of 
trees  ornamental,  while  the  bloom  fur¬ 
nishes  some  food  for  bees,  the  Catalpa 
would  seem  to  be  the  thing.  The  tree  has 
not  been  planted  extensively  enough  around 
here  to  rank  very  high  as  a  honey  bearer. 
We  are  waiting  for  somebody  to  plant  a 
grove,  and  then  a  favorable  report  is  ex¬ 
pected,  for  the  bees  just  love  the  tree. 
The  hardy  catalpa  only  (Catalpa  speciosa) 
is  recommended  for  these  parts.  It  needs 
good  soil.  Just  before  Arbor  Day,  in  April, 
a  dry-goods  firm  here  gave  out  25,000  Catal¬ 
pa  trees  to  the  children  of  Hartford  and 
vicinity,  and  one  of  the  good  points  of  the 
tree  especially  emphasized  was  its  honey- 
yielding  property.  At  Clinton,  Conn.,  a 
lady  set  out  quite  a  number  of  Catalpa 
trees  some  years  ago,  purchasing  them  sim¬ 
ply  for  shade  and  ornamental  purposes.  As 
I  was  very  much  interested  in  them  as 
“bee-keepers’  trees,’'  I  inquired  what  the 
objections  to  them  were,  and  was  quite 
pleased  to  hear  only  praise.  At  New  Haven, 
Conn.,  the  street  department  objected  to 
the  planting  of  Catalpa  trees  near  side¬ 
walks,  it  being  claimed  that  the  latter 
would  be  slippery  at  times.  That  objection 
could  hardly  be  raised  in  the  country,  how¬ 
ever,  and  the  tree  would  seem  to  be  a  suit¬ 
able  one  there.  The  European  basswood,  or 
linden,  is  a  great  honey-berfrer,  and  much 
used  in  England  as  an  avenue  tree. 

,TAS.  A.  SMITH. 

Conn.  Bee-Keepers’  Association. 


SHORT  STORIES. 

Mussel  Shell  Waste. 

There  is  located  near  me  a  factory  for 
cutting  button  blanks  from  mussel  shells. 
They  have  a  large  quantity  of  scrap  shells 
on  hand.  I  would  like  to  know  how  this 
shell  waste  compares  with  mineral  lime  in 
value  for  use  on  land?  Should  it  bo  burned 
or  finely  ground,  or  would  coarsely  crushed 
like  chicken  feed  do?  Does  this  material 
contain  any  appreciable  amount  of  nitrogen 
or  phosphoric  acid?  H.  k.  g. 

Newport,  O. 

These  shells  contain  about  50  per  cent,  of 
lime,  with  little  or  no  nitrogen.  They  can 
be  burned  for  best  results.  The  coarse  grit 
will  have  a  slow  effect  on  the  soil. 

How  to  Start  Alfalfa. 

I  have  a  piece  of  land  on  which  potatoes 
were  grown  last  year.  After  the  potatoes 
were  dug  the  land  was  given  a  coat  of  ma¬ 
nure,  plowed,  limed  and  sowed  to  rye.  I 
wish  to  seed  this  land  with  Alfalfa.  IIow 
shall  I  proceed  next?  Shall  I  plow  the 
rye  under  in  May  and  sow  the  Alfalfa  at 
that  time,  or  shall  I  let  the  rye  grow  to 
maturity  and  after  harvesting  it  plow  un¬ 
der  another  coat  of  manure  and  sow  the 
Alfalfa,  say  some  time  in  August?  The 
land  is  good  loamy  soil.  g.  o.  t. 

White  Plains,  N.  Y. 

We  should  plow  the  rye  under  early  in 
May  and  then  sow  Canada  field  peas.  Let 
these  grow  until  the  middle  of  July,  then 
plow  them  under  and  run  a  ton  of  lime 
per  acre  on  the  furrows.  Then  give  thor¬ 


ough  harrowing  until  early  August,  and 
seed  the  Alfalfa  if  possible  just  about  the 

time  of  a  light  rain.  The  object  of  this 

plan  is  to  get  as  much  organic  matter  as 
possible  into  the  soil.  The  lime  will  pre 
vent  souring,  which  might  occur  when  a 

crop  like  peas  is  plowed  under  in  hot 

weather. 

Lime  on  Potatoes. 

Would  it  be  all  right  to  give  a  thin  coat 
of  lime  over  the  top  of  newly  planted  po 
tatoes?  The  ground  has  had  no  lime  for 
years,  and  soon  after  it  is  planted  it  gets 
very  hard  to  cultivate.  I  have  boon  plant 
ing  potatoes  on  it ;  this  is  the  third  year 
Will  the  lime  cause  the  scab  or  not?  How 
would  20  bushels  of  lime  to  acre  do? 

Emmettsbursr.  Md.  o.  p.  s. 

No,  it  would  not  be  “all  right” — more 
likely  “all  wrong”  to  put  lime  on  the  potato 
field.  It  will  increase  the  scab.  The  lime 
would  have  some  effect  in  loosening  up  the 
soil  and  prevent  its  baking,  but  a  better 
way  to  help  that  trouble  would  be  to  sow 
a  cover  crop  of  clover  and  turnips  or  vetch 
and  rye  after  the  potatoes.  Let  such  a 
crop  grow  through  the  Fall  and  Winter  and 
plow  it  under  in  Spring;  adding  organic 
matter  in  this  way  will  open  the  soil  and 
improve  its  character. 

‘A  Big  Corn  Crop. 

I  have  a  piece  of  laud  on  which  I  wish  to 
raise  a  crop  of  corn.  It  is  quite  poor  land, 
with  a  light  soil  and  light  sod,  and  pre 
sume  contains  very  little  humus,  and  it 
will  not  produce  much  without  manure  or 
fertilizer.  As  I  do  not  have  the  manure  to 
put  on  it,  can  I  raise  anything  like  100 
bushels  shelled  corn  per  acre  by  the  use  of 
fertilizers,  and  how  should  I  proceed  to  ob¬ 
tain  best  results?  c.  o.  t. 

White  Plains,  N.  Y. 

It  is  doubtful  if  you  can  raise  100  bush¬ 
els  of  shelled  corn  on  such  land  the  first 
year.  You  read  reports  of  great  yields,  but 
as  a  rule  they  are  produced  on  very  good 
soil  and  in  a  regular  rotation  which  fitted 
the  land  for  the  corn  crop.  You  can  try  it 
anyway.  Get  seed  of  the  best  local  variety 
you  can  find.  Test  seed  before  planting  and 
make  sure  it  is  strong  and  will  sprout  well. 
Use  1,000  pounds  per  acre  of  a  good  corn 
fertilizer — 600  pounds  broadcast  and  har¬ 
rowed  in  before  planting,  and  400  scattered 
along  the  rows  wheu  the  corn  is  about  four 
inches  high.  Plant  the  corn  in  hills  and 
give  the  best  of  cultivation  both  ways. 


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THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


May  13, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 

Strawberries. — The  picture  on  page 
583  shows  a  frozen  potted  strawberry 
plant  which  has  had  what  I  call  a 
strange  history.  Last  Summer  was  so 
dry  that  our  plants  would  not  grow.  We 
kept  putting  them  in  pots  as  late  as  Sep¬ 
tember,  hoping  for  a  wet  Fall — which 
did  not  come.  The  result  was  that 
nearly  1,000  plants  were  still  in  the  pots 
and  apparently  making  no  growth  when 
late  November  suddenly  froze  the 
ground.  These  pots  remained  in  the 
frozen  ground  all  Winter.  When  Spring 
came-  the  upper  part  of  the  soil  froze 
and  thawed  as  usual.  These  pots  were 
lifted  out  by  the  frost  and  left  on  top 
of  the  ground.  A  few  were  broken,  and 
1  had  no  thought  that  any  of  them  could 
be  alive.  When  we  came  to  pick  up  the 
pots  we  found  most  of  the  plants  strong. 
Like  the  one  shown  in  the  picture,  they 
had  made  long  new  roots  which  ran  out 
through  the  hole  at  the  bottom  of  the 
pot.  Over  6oo  of  them  were  set  out  to 
fill  some  missing  places  in  the  field, 
which  was  planted  late  last  Fall.  In  due 
time  I  hope  to  show  what  we  can  do 
with  such  frozen  plants.  Now  we  do 
not  recommend  any  such  plan.  Freezing 
is  good  for  rhubarb  roots,  but  all  our 
teaching  has  been  for  covering  straw¬ 
berries  through  the  Winter.  Yet  here 
are  plants  thrown  out  with  roots  ex¬ 
posed.  We  are  all  likely  to  learn  a  lot 
about  strawberry  growing  yet,  and  the 
strawberry  plant  is  the  best  teacher.  . 

.  .  The  two-year-old  hill  plants  were 
cultivated  April  28.  As  a  rule  we  do 
not  believe  in  Spring  culture,  but  these 
plants  are  weedy,  and  we  want  to  get 
the  weeds  out.  The  cultivator  rips 
them  out  of  the  middles  cheaper  than 
we  can  do  it  by  hand.  Chickweed  has 
become  a  great  nuisance  in  part  of  our 
fields.  In  some  situations  this  can  be 
cleaned  out  by  spraying  a  solution  of 
iron  sulphate,  but  I  think  you  will  injure 
the  strawberries  by  using  any  strength 
that  would  hurt  the  chickweed. 

The  Milk  Question. — Our  cow  is 
steadily  gaining.  The  second  week  she 
gave  188  pounds.  It  takes  a  nervous 
cow  right  out  of  a  big  herd  some  days 
to  get  used  to  her  new  home.  She  is 
now  out  on  the  rye  most  of  the  day. 
We  began  an  hour  at  a  time  and  gradu¬ 
ally  worked  her  up  to  a  steady  pastur¬ 
ing.  She  will  go  on  grass  next  week, 
and  then  will  be  picketed  on  a  piece  of 
Alfalfa — grazing  back  and  forth  from 
one  end  to  the  other.  Of  course  a  dairy¬ 
man  would  think  this  small  business,  but 
fruit  growers  and  gardeners  cannot  keep 
large  herds.  With  one  or  two  good 
cows  they  can  make  sure  of  their  own 
milk  supply.  A  cow  under  such  condi¬ 
tions  is  a  scavenger,  living  mostly  on 
wastes — cornstalks  and  garden  surplus. 
If  you  figure  cost  of  production  of  such 
milk  and  value  it  at  what  the  consumer 
would  have  to  pay  you  would  have  a 
wide  margin.  An  acre  of  Alfalfa  on  a 
fruit  or  garden  farm  will  prove  a  great 
help  in  keeping  the  cow.  On  land  of 
high  value  it  will  not  pay  to  grow  or¬ 
dinary  crops  of  Timothy  hay,  but  Al¬ 
falfa  under  such  conditions  ranks  with 
the  high  producing  crops.  That  is  why 
it  will  pay  any  farmer  or  gardener  to 
start  a  patch  of  square  rods  or  acres. 

Farm  Notes. — The  first  potatoes  were 
planted  April  26 — at  least  two  weeks 
behind  former  years.  This  is  a  sort  of 
“patch”  crop  with  us  this  year — put  in 
small  patches  here  and  there  between 
trees  or  as  preparation  for  later  crops. 
We  plant  more  of  Irish  Cobblers  than 
any  other  variety.  This  is  a  good  crop¬ 
per  and  early.  The  quality  is  not  high. 
For  our  own  use  we  like  Sir  Walter 
Raleigh,  but  the  Cobbler  is  all  right 
when  eaten  fresh  from  the  ground,  and 
by  coming  on  early  they  fit  in  well  with 
our  plan  of  double  cropping.  We  are 
starting  a  new  asparagus  bed  with  po¬ 
tatoes  between  the  asparagus  rows.  I 
thought  this  was  an  old  story  until  some 
25  questions  came.  We  make  deep  fur¬ 
rows  six  feet  apart  and  put  in  the  as¬ 
paragus  roots.  Then  midway  between 
these  rows  deep  drills  are  made  for  the 
potatoes.  The  asparagus  roots  are  only 
lightly  covered,  but  the  season’s  cultiva¬ 
tion  gradually  fills  in  the  furrows.  By 


Fall  the  soil  should  be  level  and  the 
asparagus  shoulder  high.  The  potatoes 
come  out  in  August  and  then  the  middle 
can  be  seeded  to  clover,  rye  or  vetch. 

.  .  .  The  peaches  began  showing  pink 

the  last  few  days  in  April.  They  are 
loaded  with  buds,  and  unless  we  have  a 
late  freeze  there  should  be  a  good  crop. 
I  understand  the  Southern  crop  will  be 
very  short.  In  some  parts  of  New  Jer¬ 
sey  the  chances  are  for  failure.  There 
was  a  fair  crop  last  year,  but  the  soil 
was  so  dry  that  the  trees  could  not  re¬ 
cover.  At  this  writing  our  prospect  for 
a  crop  of  all  fruit  never  was  better,  and 
we  intend  to  feed  and  work  our  trees  to 
the  limit.  Spring  may  be  late,  but  it 
seems  to  me  that  she  never  looked  hap¬ 
pier  or  prettier  than  when  at  last  she 
came  dancing  up  our  valley.  That’s 
about  the  way  I  feel  every  year,  and  it 
is  certainly  one  of  the  things  which  one 
cannot  get  tired  of  admiring.  For  when 
the  trees  finally  start  into  life  and  burst 
— first  with  a  little  shimmer  of  green 
and  then  into  full  bloom — it  is  enough 
to  make  the  coldest  of  11s  realize  that 
life  has  taken  a"  happier  turn  and  that 
youth  has  come  back. 

Crows  and  Corn. — This  same  old  dis¬ 
cussion  comes  out  every  year  about 
fighting  crows  and  feeding  them.  Here 
is.  the  latest  feed  advocate : 

I  remember  over  50  years  ago  my  father’s 
neighbor  scolded  because  he  fed  the  crows 
and  brought  all  crows  far  and  near  to  his 
cornfield.  I  also  remember  his  neighbor’s 
cornfield  had  all  kinds  of  scarecrows  and 
string  around  the  field  on  stakes,  and  still 
the  crows  would  pull  his  corn.  This  tar 
business  is  a  fake ;  a  crow  is  just  wise 
enough  to  pull  corn  for  spite.  I  have  made 
a  practice  bf  feeding  the  crows,  and  I  don’t 
have  any  trouble  with  their  pulling  corn. 
You  don’t  have  to  sow  corn  all  over  the 
hill  ;  put  in  the  dead  furrow  in  a  number 
of  places,  just  before  the  corn  comes  up 
and  the  crows  will  sing  your  praises. 

G.  H.  it. 

And  here  is  John  Gould  with  further 
testimony  for  the  crow  as  a  hired  man : 

I  notice  what  you  have  to  say  about 
feeding  the  crows  to  “hire”  them  from 
pulling  the  sprouting  corn,  your  impres¬ 
sion  being  that  the  free  corn  must  be  scat¬ 
tered  all  over  the  field,  and  will  be  culti¬ 
vated  in  and  lost — to  the  crows.  Tor  20 
years  I  have  protected  myself  against  the 
crows  pulling  corn  by  sowing  a  few  quarts 
of  corn  at  a  time  for  a  couple  of  weeks, 
and  while  I  harbor,  not  a  large  family  of 
crows,  they  are  all  very  much  alive.  Very 
little  corn  has  been  pulled,  many  years  not 
any,  and  a  half  bushel  per  year  would  be 
the  outside  limit  used.  The  habits  of  a 
tame  crow  revealed  to  me  that  they  never 
eat  dry  corn,  but  first  carry  it  away 
and  “plant”  it,  and  then  when  soft,  pull 
it  up.  Corn  does  not  need  to  be  scattered 
very  much.  I  usually  scatter  it  along  in 
a  couple  of  dead  furrows,  or  between  two 
marked  rows.  The  crows  find  it  very 
quickly,  and  proceed  to  pick  it  up  and  carry 
it  away,  a  few  kernels  at  a  time,  and  as 
soon  return  for  more.  I  think  it  a  far 
better  way  than  erecting  scarecrows,  or 
trying  to  gun  them,  which  usually  results 
in'  few  scalps,  for  the  exertion. 

Ohio.  JOHN  GOULD. 

“Corned  crow”  may  answer,  but  tar¬ 
ring  is  not  a  “fake”  with  us.  I  have 
no  faith  in  scarecrows,  but  I  know  that 
in  nine  years  out  of  10  the  crows  have 
let  our  fields  alone  after  a  few  trials 
at  tarred  seed.  I  have  known  people  to 
use  poisoned  grain,  but  I  would  not  ad¬ 
vise  it.  An  English  farmer  was  fined 
$50  for. scattering  poisoned  wheat  in  his 
field.  A  neighbor’s  pigeons  came  and 
ate  the  wheat  and  were  killed.  Under 
the  English  law  the  farmer  was  liable 
even  when  birds  came  from  outside  bis 
farm  and  took  the  poisoned  grain.  The 
law  is  not  so  strict  here,  yet  I  would 
not  advise  poisons.  Tarring  usually 
protects  our  crops ! 

Mushrooms. — Some  of  these  “agricul¬ 
tural”  questions  are  white-haired  with 
age — yet  they  pop  up  with  more  than 
the  spirit  of  youth.  Here  is  one : 

I  have  been  told  I  have  an  excellent  place 
to  raise  mushrooms — so  became  interested. 
Will  you  let  me  know  where  I  may  buy 
a  book  of  full  particulars  and  where  good 
seeds  may  be  obtained?  t.  m. 

New  York. 

The  inquirer  lives  in  the  shadow  of 
one  of  the  most  famous  agricultural  col¬ 
leges  in  the  country — where  all  sorts  of 
gardening  operations  are  going  on. 
There  are  books  on  mushroom  growing. 
The  best  one  is  by  William  Falconer, 
price  $1.  The  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture  sends  a  good  pamphlet  free. 
You  may  have  a  fine  place  for  growing 
them,  but  that  is  only  a  small  part  of  it. 
A  lawyer  or  a  doctor  might  have  a 
beautiful  office,  but  who  would  risk  life 
or  property  unless  the  man  had  experi¬ 
ence  and  skill  ?  It  will  require  nearly  as 
much  experience  to  grow  mushrooms 
profitably  as  to  handle  a  successful  case 
before  a  jury.  The  mushrooms  are  not 
grown  from  seeds  but  from  spawn.  That 
very  question  shows  how  unprepared 
this  questioner  is  to  branch  out  into  the 
business.  Of  course  I  shall  be  accused 
of  throwing  cold  water  on  a  scheme  to 
develop  a  home  business.  The  fact  is 
cold  water  is  the  most  useful  thing  you 
can  have  on  such  enterprises,  h.  w.  c. 


What’s  Your  Earning  Power? 

IS  YOUR  income  sufficient  and  in 
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able  to  support  yourself  and  family 
and  enjoy  the  little  luxuries  of  life  ? 
Can  you  draw  a  check  on  your  bank  to 
tide  over  the  proverbial  “rainy  day’  ’  ? 

If  you  want  to  be  a  man  of  bigger 
earning  capacity,  a 

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will  accomplish  that  end  for  you.  It’s 
a  machine  that  pays  for  itself  in  a 
short  time — a  machine  that  can  work 
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The  Buckeye  Traction  Ditcher, 
with  a  small  amount  of  capital  in¬ 
vested,  will  net  you  from  $15  to  $18 
a  day  digging  ditches  in  your  neigh¬ 
borhood.  No  trouble  keeping  the 
machine  busy,  as  farmers  everywhere 
are  insisting  upon  Buckeye  ditches* 
because  they  are  truer,  of  perfect 
level  and  cost  twenty-five  to  fifty 
per  cent  less.  The  old  expensive 
hand-dug  ditches  are  a  thing  of  the 
past.  The  Buckeye  digs  from  100  to 
150  rods  a  day.  Our  catalogue  No. 
3  for  the  asking. 

The  Buckeye  Traction  Ditcher  Co., 
Findlay,  Ohio. 


Canadian  Pacific 
Offers  YOU  Farm 

in  Sunny  Alberta,  Near 
Existing  Railway  Lines 

The  last  chance  for  a  first  selection  of 
low-priced  land  in  Central  Alberta,  near 
existing  railway  lines.  Thousands  of  home 
seekers  and  shrewd  investors  have  snapped 
up  all  the  former  tracts  offered  by  the  Can¬ 
adian  Pacific  Railway.  This  new  one  just 
now  opened  is  your  best  chance.  Here  you’ll 
find  American  neighbors—  400,000  acres  in  this 
district  were  bought  by  American  home  seek¬ 
ers  during  1910.  Now  wc  offer  2,000,000  ad¬ 
ditional  acres — the  pick  of  the  Province,  the 
finest  wheat  land  on  the  continent— where 
farms  are  often  paid  for  with  one  season’s 
crops — where  climate,  soil,  transportation 
and  markets  combine  to  build  fortunes  fast. 
The  eyes  of  the  world  are  on  this  country. 
Yet  right  here  by  the  railroad,  among  neigh¬ 
bors,  where  good  roads,  schools  and  all 
sound  social  conditions  are  established,  we 
offer  you  a  farm  at  $12  to  $25  an  Acre. 

Three  Ways  of  Bir/ing 

Your  Farm — at  your  Option 

FOR  INVESTMENT  -  One-sixth  cash, 
balance  in  five  equal  annual  installments. 

DEVELOPMENT  BY  SETTLER  — One- 
tenth  cash,  balance  in  nine  equal  annual 
installments. 

CROP  PAYMENT  PLAN— In  partnership 
with  Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  one-tenth 
cash,  balance  by  crop  payment — NO  CROP — 
NO  PAY. 

Think  of  it!  Such  an  offer  of  the  choicest 
of  “The  Last  Best  West.”  The  gate  is  un¬ 
locked  to  the  best  great  tract  of  virgin  land 
in  Sunny  Alberta.  Districts  previously  sold 
are  making  fortunes  for  American  farmers 
who  realize  that  Western  Canada  is  the 
future  source  of  wheat  supply  for  the  United 
States. 

Write  for  Free  Book  NOW 

First  come — first  served;  earliest  arrival 
— biggest  value— quickest  results.  Write 
quick  for  “Alberta  Hand  Book” — and  all  the 
facts  about  this  land  of  home  and  fortune. 
Address 

J.  S.  Dennis,  Manager,  Alberta  Land  Dept., 

CANADIAN  PACIFIC  RAILWAY 
342  9th  Ave.,  West,  Calgary,  Alberta,  Can. 


pB  The  BLIZZARD  RELIABLE  ENSILAGE  CUTTER 

You  can’t  afford  tobuy  anyensilage  cutter  until  you  have  examined  the  Blizzard 
which  has  40  years  of  success  behind  it.  Equipped  with  improved  wind 

elevator,  knives  that  can  be  adjusted 
.while  running.  Self-feeding  table. 

Tested  by  50%  greater  strain  than  is 
'ever  called  for  in  actual  use.  Fully 
guaranteed.  Sold  ready  for  use.  Only  3  pieces. 
Write  for  “Why  Silage  Pays"  and  ‘  The  Evi¬ 
dence.”  Sent  free  together  with  latest  catalog 
of  Blizzard  cutters. 

JOS.  BICK  MFC.  COMPANY 

1426  West  Tuscarawas  St.  Canton,  Ohio 


Complete  With 
Fenders  and 
4-Shovel  Pin 
Break  Gangs, 


Complete  With 
Fenders  and 
6-Shovcl  Pin 
Break  Gangs, 


It.  F.  D.  No.  6.  Box  2,  Milford,  Ill. 
Sears,  Roebuck  and  Co.,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Gentlemen:— My  Little  Jap  is  far  ahead  of  any 
cultivator  1  have  ever  seen.  The  seat  bar  guiding 
motion  is  the  best  tiling  out,  and  the  advantage  of 
being  able  to  raise  and  lower  the  gangs  with  the 
balancing  lever  after  having  set  them  to  exact 
depth  with  the  raising  levers  makes  it  superior  to 
all  others.  This  is  saying  a  good  deal,  but  it’s  true. 
Tlie  good  features  of  the  Little  Jap  make  me  feel 
like  striking  out  with  it  and  working  in  fields 
along  the  road,  so  as  to  convince  people  of  its 
superiority  over  all  other  makes. 

Yours  truly. 

CHARLES  TANSEL. 


PRICES 

INCLUDE 

FENDERS. 


The  David  Bradley 

LITTLE  JAP  CULTIVATOR 

is  your  own  idea  of  what  a  cultivator  should 

he;  the  perfect  implement  you  have  been 
wishing  for  since  you  plowed  your  first  field. 
So  far  ahead  of  tiny  other  that  it  really 
should  be  culled  by  some  other  name  than 
cultivator.  Every  other  manufacturer  hop¬ 
ing  for  success  is  trying  to  copy  its  exclu¬ 
sive  patented  features.  We  only  name  them 
here.  Our  catalog  tells  all  about  them. 


Pivot  Axles  and  Seat  Bar  Dodging  Lever;  easiest, 
quickest,  widest  dodge.  A  clear  view  of  the  row  at 
all  times.  The  one  successful  cultivator  for  hillside 
work.  No  drifting;  gangs  work  parallel  and  at  even 
depth. 

Balance  Frame;  adjustable  for  rows  of  any  width. 
Seat  and  stirrups  adjustable  for  boy  or  man,  and  ma¬ 
chine  adapts  itself  to  heavy  or  light  weight  operator. 

Depth  Regulating  Lever  for  each  gang,  and 
Combined  Gang  Raising  and  Balancing  Lever  that 
hits  both  gangs  at  end  of  row  without  disturbing 
depth  adjustment. 


Short  Hitch  and  Direct  Draft;  easy  on  team. 
Draft  helps  lift  gangs,  also  keeps  shovels  in  ground. 

Sixteen  Styles  of  Gangs.  Pin  break  or  spring  trip 
shovels,  surface  blades,  spring  teeth  or  discs.  Level- 
ers,  rakes  and  other  attachments.  Buy  one  culti¬ 
vator  and  as  many  kinds  of  extra  gangs  as  wanted. 

Wheels  42  inches  high;  wide  tires;  staggered 
spokes;  long  distance  dustproof  grease  retaining 
hubs. 

Materials  throughout  the  best  that  money  can  buy. 
Highest  grade  steel  and  malleables  used.  $100.00 
couldn't  make  it  belter. 


Send  for  our  Book  of  David  Bradley  Farm  Implements,  or  see  our  big  General 
Catalog  for  complete  descriptions  and  prices  of  all  styles  of  Little  Jap  Cultiva¬ 
tors  and  special  attachments.  Other  styles  of 
Bradley  cultivators  from  $9.93  up. 

We  can  always  furnish  repairs  for  any  LITTLE 
David  Bradley  implement  made  since  1832  and 
ship  the  day  we  receive  the  order. 


JAP 
DISC 

CULTIVA¬ 

TOR. 


Complete, 


R.  F.  D.  No.  1.  Mt.  Vernon,  Iowa. 
Sears,  Roebuck  and  Co.,  Chicago,  HI.  ,, , 

Gentlemen:— I  am  fifty-two  years  old  and  did  my 
first  plowing  with  a  single  shovel  plow,  then  the  double 
shovel,  next  the  walking  cultivator  and  then  the  sulky 
plow.  Have  used  more  different  kinds  of  cultivators 
than  most  men,  and  think  I  can  plow  corn  as  good  as 
any  man  living,  and  I  must  say  that  the  Little  Jap  is 
the  best  1  ever  used  for  good  work  and  easy  running, 
both  on  man  and  team,  it  is  the  only  cultivator  for  the 
hired  man.  You  regulate  it  and  send  him  into  the  field 
and  he  has  simply  got  to  plow  corn. 

Yours  truly, 

A.  H.  KNAPP. 


SEARS.R0EBUCK 


ANDCQ 

CHICAGO 


1911. 


THK  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


688 


Ruralisms 


Mignonette. 

C.  D.,  Suffern ,  N.  Y. — If  I  sow  mignonette 
in  a  box  will  it  grow,  and  what  is  the  best 
soil  for  it?  Should  I  use  a  package  for  a 
small  box?  How  far  apart  should  the  grains 
be  and  how  many  in  a  hole? 

Ans. — We  do  not  sow  our  mignonette 
in  boxes,  but  sow  in  the  open  ground 
about  the  end  of  April,  sowing  again 
the  early  part  of  July  to  have  a  succes¬ 
sion  of  bloom  until  frost.  A  cool  soil, 
not  too  rich,  and  a  situation  that  will 
be  somewhat  shaded  during  the  hottest 
part  of  the  day,  is  required.  The  seed 
must  be  covered  very  lightly;  we  make 
our  bed  very  fine  and  smooth,  and  mark 
shallow  rows  with  the  edge  of  a  lath, 
getting  the  seeds  about  an  inch  apart. 
Soil  is  brought  over  them  by  smoothing 
with  a  piece  of  board.  As  the  plants 
grow  they  must  be  thinned  out  in  the 
rows ;  they  transplant  well  when  little. 
The  second  sowing,  in  July,  should  be 
covered  with  damp  burlap  until  the 
seeds  germinate,  and  the  tiny  plants 
will  be  the  better  for  partial  shade. 
Keep  the  flower  spikes  constantly  cut, 
not  allowing  any  to  go  to  seed,  or  it 
will  soon  dwindle  in  hot  weather.  There 
is  no  reason  why  mignonette  should  not 
be  sown  in  a  box  if  one  desires,  but 
we  do  not  understand  whether  the  in¬ 
quirer  wishes  to  start  it  in  a  box,  or  to 
grow  it  in  that  way.  We  have  seen  it 
growing  nicely  in  a  veranda  box  with  a 
northern  exposure,  but  believe  it  was 
only  thus  used  for  early  Summer  effect. 
We  have  not  started  it  indoors  in  a  box, 
preferring  the  outside  sowing. 

Catnip  and  its  Culture. 

F.  B.,  Boston,  Mass. — Will  you  tell  me 
wliat  you  can  about  the  culture  of  catnip? 

I  would  like  to  raise  about  five  acres  of  it 
at  least  for  the  drug  trade,  and  at  the 
same  time  use  it  for  a  bee  plant,  thinking 
it  would  make  good  honey,  but  what  would 
I  feed  my  bees  on  after  I  had  cut  my  cat¬ 
nip?  What  time  of  year  would  I  plant  it, 
and  would  I  get  a  crop  the  first  year? 
Can  you  tell  me  anything  about  the  market¬ 
ing  of  it?  Does  it  have  to  be  pressed  into 
small  packages  and  wrapped  in  paper? 
What  would  be  about  the  average  price  I 
would  get? 

Ans. — Catnip,  Nepeta  cataria,  is  a 
rather  common  European  weed,  long 
naturalized  in  this  country.  It  may  often 
be  found  growing  in  dryish  waste  or 
cultivated  lands,  especially  along  fences 
and  about  old  buildings,  but  is  seldom 
abundant  enough  naturally  to  be  col¬ 
lected  with  profit.  There  is  some  de¬ 
mand  for  it  in  the  wholesale  drug  trade, 
prices  varying  from  two  to  eight  cents 
the  pound  in  bales  of  200  pounds  or 
more.  The  parts  used  are  the  leaves 
and  top,  cut  when  in  full  bloom  and 
carefully  dried  without  mold  or  discol¬ 
oration,  the  coarser  stems  and  branches 
being  rejected  before  baling.  It  is  not 
necessary  that  the  grower  market  the 
product  in  small  packages. 

Catnip  may  be  commercially  grown  in 
any  well-drained  loamy  soil  that  will  j 
produce  fair  crops  of  corn  or  potatoes,  j 
It  does  not  thrive  in  wet  situations. 
Though  perennial  in  its  nature,  it  is  best 
treated  as  an  annual,  the  seeds  being 
sown  in  late  Fall  in  drills  about  30 
inches  apart,  covering  them  not  over 
one-half  inch  deep.  Spring-sown  seeds 
rarely  germinate  well  enough  to  give  a 
full  stand.  Cultivation  consists  in  thin¬ 
ning  the  plants  to  stand  about  eight 
inches  apart  in  the  row  and  keeping  the 
soil  mellow  and  free  from  weeds  during 
the  growing  season.  The  harvest  occurs 
in  mid-August  when  in  full  bloom.  Ex¬ 
perimental  plots  on  very  ordinary  soil 
show  a  yield  of  over  three  tons  of  green 
top  to  the  acre.  This  cures  down  to 
something  over  a  ton  of  marketable 
herb.  A  second  cutting  nearly  as  great 
is  ready  by  October,  but  there  is  con¬ 
siderably  more  difficulty  in  curing  at  this 
season.  Catnip  may  be  handled  like 
clover  or  Alfalfa  hay,  bunching  it  into 
small  cocks  protected  from  rain  by 


waterproof  caps  after  wilting,  the  cocks 
being  opened  out  and  remade  in  sunny 
weather  until  well  cured  before  being 
taken  under  shelter.  If  F.  B.  would 
cut  the  stems  high  at  first  mowing  the 
quality  of  the  product  would  not  only 
be  improved,  but  many  of  the  shorter 
flowering  stems  would  be  left  to  supply 
his  bees.  Buckwheat  and  White  clover, 
if  rightly  managed,  ought  to  fill  in  the 
interval  between  crops.  Catnip  is  not 
very  hardy  north  of  New  York,  and  old 
plants,  if  close  cut,  are  quite  likely  to 
winter-kill.  The  weakening  of  the  stand 
and  difficulty  of  keeping  the  planting 
clean  the  second  year  are  sufficient  rea¬ 
sons  for  not  cropping  two  successive 
years.  _  v. 

Big  Watermelons.— On  page  280  you  ex¬ 
press  wonder  that  watermelons  In  Diarbeklr 
grow  as  large  as  flour  barrels.  Nothing 
can  be  truer  than  that,  and  I  can  verify  the 
story,  for  I  have  myself  seen  melons  of 
such  dimensions  while  I  was  In  those  parts 
of  the  earth.  I  well  remember  seeing  a 
man  trying  to  pass  such  a  melon  through 
the  door  of  a  railroad  car,  and  as  he  did 
not  succeed  in  the  effort  he  was  obliged  to 
let  it  go  in  the  baggage  car.  Fruits  and 
crops  of  such  huge  size  have  made  it  nec¬ 
essary  that  in  most  parts  of  Asia  Minor 
these  are  sold  by  the  pound.  Diarbeklr  is 
located  in  the  very  heart  of  Mesopotamia, 
of  which  Herodotus  says  that  the  people  got 
grain  crops  many  hundredfold.  What  I 
wonder  is  this :  What  are  the  foreign 
agents  of  the  department  doing?  Why  not 
import  such  fruits?  D.  E.  siramarc. 

New  York. 

The  Book  of  Gladiolus,  by  Matthew 
Crawford  and  Dr.  W.  Van  Fleet.  This 
practical  treatise  by  two  eminent  authori¬ 
ties  covers  all  sides  of  Gladiolus  culture, 
from  the  planting  of  the  bulbs  to  their 
harvesting  and  storing.  The  chapters  on 
raising  from  seed  and  on  commencing  in 
the  business  answer  very  clearly  a  number 
of  questions  often  asked  by  amateur  grow¬ 
ers,  and  another  chapter  on  crossing  or 
hybridizing  is  very  lucid  and  helpful.  The 
appendix,  by  Dr.  Van  Fleet,  includes  a 
garden  history  of  the  Gladiolus,  a  list  of 
species,  and  expert  advice  on  hybridizing 
and  care  of  seedlings.  Many  beginners  are 
now  starting  in  Gladiolus  culture,  and  the 
work  has  received  stimulus  from  the  for¬ 
mation  of  the  National  Gladiolus  Society. 
The  book  has  much  value  for  all  interested 
in  this  gorgeous  plant.  Published  by 
Vaughan’s  Seed  Store,  New  York  and  Chi¬ 
cago;  cloth,  seven  illustrations,  120  pages ; 
price  .$1.25. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

FOOD  IN  SERMONS. 

Feed  the  Dominie  Right  and  the  Sermons 
Are  Brilliant. 

A  conscientious,  hard-working  and 
successful  clergyman  writes:  “I  am  glad 
to  bear  testimony  to  the  pleasure  and 
increased  measure  of  efficiency  and 
health  that  have  come  to  me  from 
adopting  Grape-Nuts  food  as  one  of  my 
articles  of  diet. 

“For  several  years  I  was  much  dis¬ 
tressed  during  the  early  part  of  each  day 
by  indigestion.  My  breakfast  seemed  to 
turn  sour  and  failed  to  digest.  After 
dinner  the  headache  and  other  symp¬ 
toms  following  the  breakfast  would 
wear  away,  only  to  return,  however, 
next  morning. 

“Having  heard  of  Grape-Nuts  food,  I 
finally  concluded  to  give  it  a  trial.  I 
made  my  breakfasts  of  Grape-Nuts  with 
cream,  toast  and  Postum.  The  result 
was  surprising  in  improved  health  and 
total  absence  of  the  distress  that  had, 
for  so  long  a  time,  followed  the  morn¬ 
ing  meal. 

“My  digestion  became  once  more  sat¬ 
isfactory,  the  headaches  ceased,  and  the 
old  feeling  of  energy  returned.  Since 
that  time  T  have  always  had  Grape-Nuts 
food  on  my  breakfast  table. 

“I  was  delighted  to  find  also,  that  ! 
whereas  before  I  began  to  use  Grape- 
Nuts  food  I  was  quite  nervous  and  be¬ 
came  easily  wearied  in  the  work  of  pre¬ 
paring  sermons  and  in  study,  a  marked 
improvement  in  this  respect  resulted 
from  the  change  in  my  diet. 

“I  am  convinced  that  Grape-Nuts 
food  produced  this  result  and  helped 
me  to  a  sturdy  condition  of  mental  and 
physical  strength. 

“I  have  known  of  several  persons  who 
were  formerly  troubled  as  I  was,  and 
who  have  been  helped  as  I  have  been, 
by  the  use  of  Grape-Nuts  food,  on  my 
recommendation.”  Name  given  by 
Postum  Company,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

“There’s  a  reason.” 

Read  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs. 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


YOU  Need  This  Book— It’s  FREE 

Every  farmer  and  truck  grower  needs  a  copy  of 

Herrmann’s  1911  Almanac 

Besides  being  full  of  valuable  and  interesting  data  for 
farmers  and  fruit  growers,  it  shows  the  proper  way 
to  apply  the  purest  and  most  efficient  Paris  Green 
made— Herrmann's  Hi-Gracle  Pure  Paris  Green. 
You'll  get  the  results  you  expect.  Address 

Morris  Herrmann  &  Co.,  196  Fifth  Ave„  New  York. 


B O OK LET 

Write  Today 


CDRAY  Adopted  by  the  N.Y  .State  FruitGrowers’  Ass’n 

arnAl  it  will  pay  you  to  use  eituejr. 


PASTE  OR  POWDERED 
FOR  ALL  LEAF  EATING  INSECTS 
RESPONSIBLE  DISTRIBUTERS  and  AGENTS  WANTEO 

KEY  BRAND 

RIGHT  PRICE  and  MATERIAL 

^FUNGICIDE  and  INSECTICIDE 
—  ,  USE 

_ I 

INTERSTATE  CHEMICAL  CO. 

14  BAYVIEW  AVE..JERSEY  CITY.  N.Jj 
WRITE  FOR  PRICES, CIRCULARS  ETC.  CORRESPONDENCE  SOUCITEoJ 


SPRAY  bruits  and 

_  *  FIELD  CROPS 

ana  do  whitewashing  in  most  effectual,  economical, 
I  rapid  way.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  BROWN’S 

POWERR  Auto-Sprays 

I  No.  I ,  shown  hero,  is  tilted  with  Auto-Pop  Noizlo— 
i  dona  work  of  3  ordinary  .prayers.  Endorsed  by  Ei- 
I  penment  Stations  and  300,000  others.  40  atylea  and 
cflfw8  i  vV*  an<1  Powrr  sprayers — also  pricea 
1  and  valusbla  spraying  guide  in  our  Freo  Book. 
Write  postal  now. 

THE  E.  C.  BROWN  COMPANY 

2  t  jay  3t ,  Eocheater,  N.  X. 


THE  0  K  CHAMPION  SPRAYER 


Insures  the  potato  and 
other  vegetable  crops 
from  damage  by  blight 


or  bugs.  Their  Work 
Guaranteed. 

ALL  BRASS  Double 
Acting  High  Pressure 
Bronze  Ball  V alve  Force 
Pump  with  relief  valve 
is  unequalled. 


LARGE  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE  FREE 


describing  O  K  Champion  Potato  Sprayer*, 

Planters,  Diggers,  etc.,  with  particulars. 

Write  today. 

Champion  Potato  Machinery  Co. 
151  Chicago  At*.,  Hammond.  Ind. 


BARGAIN?  Cars  of  all  makes  bought  and  sold 

□  HnUHIIIv  “Hints  to  Buyers  and  Sellers”mailedFree. 

20th  CENTURY  AUTOMOBILE  CO. 

246  West  49th,  near  Broadway,  New  York 


IRELAND 
HAY  HOIST 

GEARED 

Saves  one  man 
and  team.  Man 
on  load  operates 
machine  by  pull¬ 
ing  a  small  rope 
attached  to  lever 
whenever  he  has  the  fork 
Ctpicity  or  sling  full,  ready  to 

1500  Lbs.  hoist.  The  machine  stops 

instantly  when  he  releases  lever  rope,  drop- 

ping  load  at  any  point.  Only  3  H.  P.  gasoline  engine  requir¬ 
ed.  Takes  off  a  load  of  hay,  ice  or  anything  that  has  to  be 
elevated  to  a  height,  quicker  and  easier  than  any  machine  on 
the  market. 

WRITE  TODAY  FOR  FULL  PARTICULARS  about  Single 
Drum.  Double  Drum  and  Self  Acting  Brake.  Give  speed 
of  engine  and  size  of  drive  pulley. 


IRELAND  MACHINE  &  FOUNDRY  CO. 
14  State  Street,  Norwich,  N.  Y. 


Hay  Unloader 

This  Hoist  is  designed  to 
meet  the  needs  of  farmers 
who  have  Gas  or  Steam 
Power,  and  is  of  especial 
interest  for  their  use  in  un¬ 
loading  hay  and  grain,  and 
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32  Church  Streets  New  Voile 


500 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

TIIE  BUSINESS  FARMER’S  PAPER. 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes 

Established  )SSO 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 

Herbert  W.  Colijngwood,  President  and  Editor. 

John  J.  I)ii.t-on,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wji  F.  Dn-t-ON,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Rottjk,  Associate  Editor. 


SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreipn  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  82.04,  equal  to  8s.  6d.,  or 
XJ4  marks,  or  lO'A  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 


Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 


Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  us  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 


“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  trifling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  wo  be 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  anil  you  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser.  


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

That  is  a  valuable  article  by  Mr.  Rogers  on  rye. 
We  have  done  our  best  to  encourage  the  use  of  this 
grain  in  its  proper  place.  It  is  not  equal  to  clover  or 
Alfalfa  or  vetch,  and  it  does  not  make  as  good  fodder 
as  oats,  barley  or  wheat.  It  is,  however,  tough  and 
hardy  and  can  be  seeded  very  late  in  the  Fall.  It 
gives  early  pasture  and  provides  a  heavy  growth  for 
plowing  under.  It  is  a  good  poor-land  crop  and  bet¬ 
ter  than  wheat  for  seeding  with  grass.  Rye  has  helped 
bring  up  our  own  farm,  and  we  stand  by  it  as  a  good 
friend. 

* 

Every  mail  brings  letters  from  farmers  who  want 
to  be  counted  in  on»that  agrarian  party.  The'  politi¬ 
cians  do  not  seem  to  realize  that  back  of  all  this  unrest 
is  a  feeling  of  dissatisfaction  with  both  the  old  parties 
as  at  present  organized.  They  are  neither  of  them  as 
competent  to  handle  the  great  public  questions  of  the 
present  day  as  either  the  Whigs  or  the  old  Democrats 
were  to  settle  the  question  of  slavery.  Thus  a  new  party 
was  needed — and  something  of  the  sort  is  needed 
now.  There  will  be  no  bluff  or  “craze”  about  it,  hut 
a  steady  and  solid  growth,  for  the  better  class  of 
farmers  realize  how  helpless  they  are  under  present 
political  conditions  to  obtain  a  fair  business  deal  with 
other  industries.  We  would  like  to  hear  from  farmers 
who  believe  in  this  agrarian  movement,  and  who  are 
ready  to  “enlist  for  the  war.”  Faint  hearts  should 
not  start. 

* 

We  all  read  these  wonderful  hen  stories !  It  is  pleas¬ 
ant  to  know  that  some  happy  mortals  can  have  fresh 
eggs  every  day  in  the  year,  but  our  own  hens  go  dry — 
very  dry  for  several  months.  This  “frost-proof”  hen 
may  be  coming,  but  the  glass  hen  is  here,  and  one  of 
her  June  eggs  in  January  does  very  well.  Water-glass 
or  silicate  of  soda  is  the  best  family  preservative  for 
eggs,  and  it  will  pay  any  farmer  to  breed  the  glass 
hen.  Eggs  laid  in  April,  May  and  June  are  best  for 
preserving.  Boil  nine  gallons  of  water.  After  it  has 
cooled  pour  in  one  gallon  of  water-glass  and  stir  it 
thoroughly.  Put  in  a  stone  jar  and  gently  place  in  the 
mixture  about  30  dozen  eggs.  Get  them  as  close  to 
laying  as  possible  and  have  them  clean.  Put  the  jar 
in  the  cellar  or  a  dark  room,  cover  it  over  and  let  it 
alone  until  you  want  the  eggs.  We  would  not  try 
to  sell  such  eggs,  but  for  family  use  the  glass  hen  is 
a  wonder — in  its  way  a  good  partner  for  Alfalfa, 
vetch  and  the  rest  of  the  farm  helpers. 

♦ 

We  urge  our  New  York  leaders  to  get  right* in  line 
to  support  Assembly  bill  1535,  introduced  at  Albany 
by  Mr.  Mork.  Here  is  the  vital  part  of  it : 

Every  railroad  corporation,  and  any  lessee  or  other  per¬ 
son  in  possession  of  its  road,  shall  be  responsible  for  all 
damages  caused  by  reason  of  fire  communicated  to  adjoin¬ 
ing  land,  by  reason  of  the  operation  of  their  roads, 
where  it  shall  be  shown  that  said  operation  was  the 
proximate  cause  of  the  fire  damage  irrespective  of  whether 
such  fire  shall  be  communicated  directly  by  the  railroad  or 
as  a  result  of  a  fire  caused  originally  by  such  operation. 

The  strong  point  of  this  is  that  the  railroad  is  made 
responsible  if  the  fire  starts  through  its  operation.  At 
the  present  time  a  person  who  is  burned  out  cannot 
obtain  compensation  unless  he  can  prove  that  the  fire 
actually  started  on  his  land.  If  the  spark  fall  on  land 
adjoining  the  railroad’s  right  of  way  and  spread  to 
the  next  property  the  owner  of  the  latter  cannot  obtain 
damage  under  our  present  law.  The  amendment  here 
printed  will  make  the  railroad  responsible  if  it  start 
the  fire!  This  is  right,  and  the  bill  should  pass  at 
once.  Help  push  it  through. 


The  magnified  popgun  or  air  pressure  method  of 
"spraying  is  coming  into  favor  quite  rapidly.  In  some 
of  the  larger  orchards,  and  particularly  on  rough  land, 
this  power  is  superior.  The  carts  are  light  and  can 
go  anywhere,  and  there  is  little  that  can  get  out  of 
order.  Perhaps  the  highest  development  of  this  sys¬ 
tem  is  to  be  found  on  Catawba  Island  in  Lake  Erie- 
off  the  Ohio  coast.  There  are  55  air  pressure  spraying 
devices  in  operation  there.  Distributed  over  this  island 
are  plants  where  spray  liquid  and  power  can  be  bought. 
You  drive  up  to  one  of  these  stations  and  have  one 
tank  filled  with  lime-sulphur  solution  and  the  other 
charged  with  air.  The  lime-sulphur  costs  two  cents  a 
gallon — the  air  charge  15  cents — the  operation  requir¬ 
ing  about  10  minutes.  This  service  is  said  to  be 
profitable.  On  this  island  no  one  needs  drive  over  a 
mile  to  reach  one  of  these  stations — some  growers 
travel  less  than  quarter  of  a  mile.  During  the  spray¬ 
ing  season  the  spray  carts  line  up  like  wagons  at  a 
creamery.  You  can  also  buy  poisonous  sprays  in  sea¬ 
son.  We  mention  this  to  show  how  spraying  is  de¬ 
veloping,  and  how  in  favored  localities  cooperative 
labor  can  be  worked  out. 

★ 

That  Guernsey  cow  case  has  now  reached  the  point 
where  the  Guernsey  Cattle  Club  must  take  action  or 
he  forever  discredited.  Mr.  Taylor  seems  to  make  no 
move  to  prove  by  the  only  true  test  that  Missy  can 
give  some  more  of  that  “liquid  butter.”  It  looks  as  if 
he  is  going  to  sit  on  that  injunction  and  say  “What 
are  you  going  to  do  about  it?”  And  that  is  a  good 
question,  too.  What  are  the  Guernsey  breeders  going 
to  do?  If  they  are  satisfied  with  a  judge-made  record 
forced  upon  them  by  an  injunction  they  ought  to  say 
so  frankly  at  their  next  meeting — and  then  pull  down 
their  flag.  For  who  can  have  any  respect  for  them  if 
they  run  away  from  the  firing  line?  Our  understand¬ 
ing  is  that  a  majority  of  the  officers  and  of  the  mem¬ 
bers  regard  this  test  of  Missy’s  as  suspicious  if  not  a 
fake.  We  think  we  are  justified  in  saying  that  this 
test  would  never  have  gone  on  the  record  without 
further  proof  hut  for  that  Supreme  Court  injunction! 
That  being  so,  the  time  has  come  for  the  Guernsey 
breeders  to  let  the  public  know  whether  they  are 
breeding  Guernsey  cows  or  court  injunctions.  Their 
annual  meeting  will  soon  he  held.  They  have  abun¬ 
dant  means,  strong  legal  talent,  and  they  must  realize 
what  this  case  means  to  the  breeding  fraternity.  They 
should  stand  up  and  face  the  crisis  or  go  home  and 
stay  there!  Here  is  a  brief  statement  of  some  of  the 
facts  about  Missy  and  her  milk: 

1.  The  sample  of  her  milk  submitted  to  prove  her  test 
had  only  a  small  fractional  difference  from  a  normal  five 
per  cent  milk  with  cream  added  to  it.  No  one  has  yet 
found  a  sample  of  normal  milk  like  this  sample. 

2.  Every  authenticated  test  of  Missy’s  milk  showed 
that  she  was  producing  about  five  per  cent  of  butter  fat. 
During  the  time  she  was  tcatched  she  gave  a  little  less 
than  in  the  corresponding  period  of  the  year  before. 

2.  In  previous  years  and  tests  Missy  produced  milk 
averaging  about  five  per  cent.  There  are  12  Guernsey 
cows  including  Missy  that  produced  over  14,000  pounds  in 
a  year.  Their  tests  for  butter  fat,  outside  of  Missy,  run 
from  4.17  to  5.91  per  cent.  In  all  other  cases  where  cbws 
have  given  six  per  cent  or  more  of  fat  they  have  given 
comparatively  small  quantities  of  milk. 

4.  The  special  committee  advised  that  the  per  cent  of 
butter  fat  claimed  for  November  (8.71  per  cent),  be 
changed  to  4.88  per  cent.  This  is  an  admission  that  the 
reported  test  was  too  high,  yet  they  permitted  the  Octo¬ 
ber  test  of  9.07  per  cent  to  remain  as  claimed,  also  the 
September  test  of  7.21  per  cent!  Thus  they  credit  the 
row  with  making  50%  pounds  of  butter  from  1033.30 
pounds  of  milk  in  November  and  104.41  pounds  from 
1151.20  pounds  in  October,  or  88.45  pounds  from  122G.70 
pounds  of  milk  in  September. 

Now,  gentlemen,  for  the  credit  of  the  Guernsey  cow 
explain  why  it  takes  14  pounds  of  September  milk  or 
11  pounds  of  October  milk  to  make  a  pound  of  butter 
fat,  while  when  you  zvatch  the  November  milk  20 
pounds  are  required !  The  people  who  buy  dairy  stock 
want  these  October  cows,  but  they  expect  the  Guern¬ 
sey  Cattle  Club  to  play  watchdog  for  them. 

* 

We  have  told  how  Senator  Page,  of  Vermont, 
sounded  public  opinion  on  Canadian  reciprocity.  The 
local  papers  favored  the  bill,  hut  Senator  Page  is  a 
wise  bird,  and  he  went  home  and  asked  Vermont  peo¬ 
ple  to  write  him.  They  plastered  him  over  with  stamps 
an  inch  thick,  and  he  found  that  the  papers  did  not 
represent  public  opinion.  Some  of  them  had  not 
studied  the  hill  at  all— others  had  heard  that  it  would 
cheapen  print  paper.  Now  read  the  following: 

Senator  Page’s  inquiries  into  the  opinions  of  his  con¬ 
stituents  has  been  a  means  of  enlightening  and  arousing 
the  farmers  and  I,  a  lifelong  Republican,  should  not  be 
surprised  to  see  his  successor  a  Democrat  if  the  Republican 
party  fathers  this  Canadian  reciprocity  measure.  Our 
local  paper  praised  it  before  it  knew  its  provisions,  thus 
showing  the  influence  of  the  hand  higher  up.  c.  l. 

We  have  known  for  weeks  that  this  feeling  is  grow¬ 
ing  in  Vermont.  If  you  think  such  a  thing  impossible, 
remember  what  happened  in  Maine  last  Fall.  The 
heart  of  the  situation  is  that  the  Northern  farmers 


May  13, 


now  realize  how  they  have  been  “worked”  to  develop 
protection  and  abandoned  as  soon  as  the  tariff  be¬ 
came  of  any  direct  benefit  to  them.  The  situation  is 
rapidly  assuming  a  condition  not  unlike  that  before 
the  Civil  War,  when  the  old  Whig  party  was  broken 
up.  We  believe  that  the  movement  will  soon  he  be¬ 
yond  the  control  of  the  politicians.  It  will  not  be  likely 
to  mean  any  permanent  increase  of  strength  for  the 
Democratic  party.  There  is  a  genuine  demand  for  an 
agrarian  group  or  party  pledged  to  support  the  inter¬ 
ests  of  farmers. 

* 


Postmaster  General  Hitchcock  says  the  postal  de¬ 
ficit  has  been  wiped  out.  This  means  that  expenses 
have  been  reduced  so  that  the  Post  Office  Department 
runs  at  cost.  You  remember  that  this  “deficit”  was 
the  scarecrow  which  frightened  those  “careful  consid¬ 
eration”  Congressmen  away  from  parcels  post. 

“Will  they  now  favor  it? 

No — for  the  plan  evidently  is  to  work  up  another 
“deficit”  scarecrow.  This  time  it  will  be  penny  post¬ 
age  to  please  the  “business  interests.”  One  cent  post¬ 
age  on  letters  will  he  popular.  No  doubt  many  busi¬ 
ness  men  who  handle  unmailable  goods  would  rather 
have  it  than  parcels  post!  It  will  decrease  the  reve¬ 
nues,  and  there  will  he  another  “deficit.”  Then  there 
will  be  the  old  demand  for  increased  magazine  rates 
and  the  old  argument  against  parcels  post !  We  shall, 
in  such  event,  lose  the  aid  of  “business  interests”  in  the 
parcels  post  fight,  for  they  will  be  satisfied  with  penny 
postage.  We  shall  analyze  this  scheme  in  full.  It  is 
what  we  shall  be  obliged  to  face.  We  must  all  under¬ 
stand  right  now  that  both  of  the  old  parties,  as  they 
stand,  are  afraid  of  the  railroads  an-d  express  com¬ 
panies,  and  do  not  dare  antagonize  them. 

* 


Its  ulterior  purpose  is  to  deplete,  to  decimate,  to 
dwindle,  to  drop,  to  diminish  the  bovine  population  of 
Vermont,  to  discard  dead  beats,  to  deduct  dullards,  to  de¬ 
tect  and  to  drive  to  death  the  drones.  Thirteen  D's ;  and 
if  I  had  any  more  up  my  sleeve  I  would  use  them.  Too 
many  farmers  utter  other  words  beginning  with  D  when 
discussing  this  subject. 

The  speaker  was  Prof.  J.  L.  Hills,  of  the  Vermont 
Experiment  Station.  He  was  talking  .about  the  State 
Dairy  Test  Association,  which  has  proved  itself 
worthy  of  about  all  the  good  D’s  in  the  language. 
This  association  hires  competent  inspectors  who  go 
from  one  herd  to  another  testing  cows  for  milk  and 
butter  fat  and  throwing  out  the  robbers:  When,  this  is 
kept  up  year  after  year,  labor  grows  lighter  and  the 
pocket-book  heavier.  Here  is  a  statement  of  what  a 
cow-test  association  did  for  one  Vermont  farmer: 


Milk 
Aver- 
Cows.  age. 

1909 —  13  3893 

1910— 11  4402 


Fat  Cost 

Aver-  of  Feed 
age.  Average. 
203  $70.17 

233  45.08 


Cost 

of  Butter 
Fat 

Average. 
Loss  $  G.13  .345 

Profit  30.49  .197 


These  were  the  same  cows  with  two  robbers  turned 
out,  only  better  fed.  They  changed  the  loss  into 
profit  and  cut  the  cost  of  butter  fat  nearly  in  two. 
That  is  what  you  get  by  applying  the  best  factory 
methods  to  milk  production.  It  is  a  shame  to  see  a 
man  rob  his  family  by  feeding  a  herd  of  robbers. 
Vermont  is  the  “Bashful  State,”  but  find  us  a  Ver¬ 
monter  who  is  too  bashful  to.  take  conscience  money 
from  a  herd  of  robber  cows  when  some  one  decimates 
the  drones!  Here  are  a  few  more  D’s  for  Prof.  Hills: 
Dump  dwindling  deficient  dummies  down  divers  diffi¬ 
cult  driveways.  Dawdling  dubs  destroy  dollars. 


BREVITIES. 

Certainly — a  “kicker”  is  likely  to  be  a  free  hooter. 

Look  before  you  leap— then  if  you  have  good  sense 
the  chances  are  you  will  not  leap. 

Nature  sends  moisture  into  the  soil.  Man’s  job  is  to 
work  the  surface  so  as  to  hold  it. 

You  would  hardly  put  our  practical  man  “Mapes  the 
Hen  Man”  down  as  a  dealer  in  fairy  tales — but  watch  for 
his  hen  story  next  week. 

A  few  years  ago  Louisiana  planters  were  advised  to 
bum  waste  molasses  as  fuel — and  thus  save  its  potash 
and  phosphoric  acid  for  fertilizer.  Now  it  is  found  that 
molasses  will  develop  certain  soil  bacteria  and*is  a  better 
fertilizer  than  other  forms  containing  equal  quantities  of 
nitrogen,  potash  and  phosphoric  acid. 

“As  postage  from  England  to  Virginia  is  so  much 
cheaper  than  from  Washington  city  to  Virginia,  I  am 
thinking  of  giving  up  library  membership  in  Washington 
and  subscribing  to  one  in  London.  If  1  find  upon  inquiry 
that  the  duty  would  run  the  cost  up,  I  might  move  to 
London  to  live,  and  retain  my  membership  to  the  Wash¬ 
ington  Library,”  says  John  Marshall,  of  Virginia.  Mr. 
Marshall’s  post  office  is  about  30  miles  from  Washington, 
yet,  as  we  see,  postage  on  books  from  England  is  cheaper. 

Many  readers  ask  for  some  simple  way  of  separating 
vetch  seed  from  rye.  Here  F.  H.  T.  gives  a  method — 
simple  enough  at  least.  Shall  we  score  another  run  for 
“The  Business  Hen?”  “It  .may  interest  some  of  your 
readers  to  know  of  a  simpler  method  of  cleaning  rye 
out  of  vetch  seed.  I  had  to  see  it  before  I  would  be¬ 
lieve  it,  but  hens  will  not  eat  vetch,  and  most  of  them  will 
eat  rye  or  wheat  if  they  get  a  chance.  When  in  Oregon 
a  few  years  ago  I  saw  lots  of  it  hen  sorted  by  simply 
putting  in  box  and  letting  them  go  to  it.” 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


691 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

Any  publisher  who  sells  inflated  stocks  or 
bonds  or  certificates  of  his  own  company 
to  his  subscribers  is  a  fraud.  A  publisher 
naturally  wins  the  confidence  of  the  sub¬ 
scriber  through  the  paper,  and  any  at¬ 
tempt  to  profit  by  that  confidence  through 
the  sale  of  securities  of  doubtful  value,  is 
a  breach  of  trust.  We  ought  to  have  a  law 
to  prevent  it.  official. 

Washington,  D.  C. 

During  the  past  year  volumes  have 
been  printed  on  the  second-class  postage 
matter.  During  the  last  session  of  Con¬ 
gress  President  Taft  and  Secretary 
Hitchcock  introduced  a  hill  to  increase 
the  postage  rate  on  periodicals.  The 
bill  was  defeated,  and  President  Taft  ap¬ 
pointed  a  committee  to  investigate  the 
whole  subject.  The  discussion  has  been 
voluminous,  but  the  real  cause  of  the 
trouble  has  been  either  overlooked  or 
avoided. 

To  encourage  the  dissemination  of  in¬ 
formation  and  knowledge  Congress  has 
established  a  rate  of  one  cent  a  pound 
for  the  postage  on  legitimate  publica¬ 
tions.  The  rate  for  circulars  and  gen¬ 
eral  printed  matter  is  one-half  cent  an 
ounce  or  eight  cents  per  pound.  The 
law  provides  that  to  be  entitled  to  the 
one-cent-a-pound  rate  the  publication : 

*  *  *  must  be  originated  and  pub¬ 

lished  for  the  dissemination  of  information 
of  a  public  character,  or  devoted  to  lit¬ 
erature,  the  sciences,  arts,  or  some  special 
industry,  and  having  a  legitimate  list  of 
subscribers :  Provided,  however,  That  noth¬ 
ing  herein  contained  shall  be  so  'con¬ 
strued  as  to  admit  to  the  second-class 
rate  regular  publications  designed  primar¬ 
ily  for  advertising  purposes,  or  for  free 
circulation,  or  for  circulation  at  nominal 
rates. 

The  publisher  is  required  to  make  an 
application  for  entry  and  the  Third  As¬ 
sistant  Postmaster  General  is  charged 
with  the  duty  of  passing  on  the  applica¬ 
tion.  Under  the  present  law  much  is 
left  to  his  discretion,  and  consequently 
political  pressure  is  often  invoked  to 
secure  the  admission  of  a  paper  the  qual¬ 
ification  of  which  is  in  doubt. 

For  some  time  after  the  one-cent-a- 
pound  rate  for  publications  was  estab¬ 
lished  the  law  was  construed  liberally 
and  practically  everything  in  the  shape 
of  a  periodical  published  regularly  as 
often  as  four  times  a  year  was  admitted 
to  the  mails  at  this  rate.  Instead  of 
publishing  a  catalogue  to  sell  goods  and 
paying  eight  cents  a  pound  postage,  house 
organs  were  devised  and  published  week¬ 
ly,  monthly  or  quarterly,  in  the  form  of 
a  legitimate  publication,  and  sent  through 
the  mails  at  the  one-cent  rate.  Some 
houses  made  a  business  of  publishing 
books  and  reprints  of  old  novels  in  pa¬ 
per  covers.  They  were  numbered  seri¬ 
ally,  and  got  through  at  the  cent  rate, 
while  the  regular  book  rate  is  eight 
cents.  Then  there  came  up  the  so-called 
mail  order  paper.  These  papers  were 
intended  solely  for  advertising  pur¬ 
poses.  They  were  sent  out  gratuitously 
by  the  millions  of  copies.  The  paper 
and  ink  used  was  the  cheapest,  and  the 
printed  matter  sensational  and  often 
vicious.  A  pretense  was  made  of  tak¬ 
ing  subscriptions,  but  this  was  inci¬ 
dental.  The  object  was  to  get  out  big 
editions.  The  publisher  relied  on  the 
advertising  for  his  revenue ;  and  any 
story  or  write-up  demanded  by  the  ad¬ 
vertiser  was  published  without  ques¬ 
tion.  The  publisher  depended  exclu¬ 
sively  on  the  advertiser  for  revenue; 
and  consequently  owed  every  considera¬ 
tion  to  him.  Having  practically  no  sub¬ 
scribers,  he  owed  them  no  fealty,  and 
readily  consented  to  exploit  the  reader 
for  the  benefit  of  the  advertiser.  The 
advertising  was  largely  of  patent  nos¬ 
trums  of  quacks,  and  fakes  of  high  and 
low  degree.  The  proprietor  could  pay 
liberally  for  the  advertising  because  the 
remittances  that  he  received  were  prac¬ 
tically  all  profit,  and  he  was  willing  to 
divide  with  his  accomplice — the  pub¬ 
lisher — in  the  deception  or  fraud  prac¬ 
ticed  on  the  reader.  The  reading  col¬ 
umns  were  usually  depraved  and  vic¬ 
ious,  and  the  advertisements  often  in¬ 
decent.  No  parent  would  be  justified  in 
permitting  these  papers  to  fall  into  the 
hands  of  children.  We  would  no  sooner 
allow  one  to  remain  on  the  library  table 
than  we  would  permit  a  poisoned  apple 
to  be  used  as  a  nursery  plaything.  From 
an  ethical  as  well  as  from  an  eco¬ 
nomical  standpoint,  such  papers  were  a 
menace  to  the  family.  The  post  office 
would  be  justified  in  refusing  them  the 
use  of  the  mails  for  this  reason.  But  the 
Government  had  a  grievance  of  its  own. 
These  cheap  papers,  house  organs,  and 
old  book  editions  fairly  flooded  the 
mails.  It  was  estimated  that  it  cost  the 
Government  nine  cents  a  pound  to  carry 
them  through  the  mails,  with  an  evident 
loss  to  the  Government  of  eight  cents 
per  pound.  The  postal  deficit  grew  each 
year  with  the  increase  of  this  kind  of 
matter.  Hence  an  attempt  was  made  to 
enforce  the  law  as  originally  established 
by  Congress.  The  old  book  editions 


were  completely  excluded.  The  house 
organs  were  practically  eliminated. 
Many  of  the  mail  order  papers  discon¬ 
tinued  ;  but  others  set  about  to  avoid 
the  law.  This  has  been  effected  in  vari¬ 
ous  ways.  A  subscriber  is  secured  at  a 
nominal  price  and  then  continued  indefi¬ 
nitely.  A  premium  is  offered  in  excess 
of  the  value  of  the  subscription  price. 
Advertising  space  is  donated  to  a  firm 
■who  will  pay  for  a  number  of  subscrip¬ 
tions  for  his  prospective  customers.  In 
the  famous  E.  G.  Lewis  case  we  have 
seen  how  a  scheme  was  devised  to  or¬ 
ganize  a  League  to  furnish  subscriptions. 
The  membership  fee  was  $52,  and  each 
member  was  allowed  to  send  $52  worth 
of  subscriptions  to  the  Lewis  papers, 
afterwards  extended  to  a  larger  list. 
The  member  was  promised  inducements 
greatly  in  excess  of  the  whole  $52,  with¬ 
out  regard  to  the  subscriptions,  and 
Lewis  admitted  that  more  than  70  per 
cent  of  the  subscriptions  were  sent  in 
as  gifts  to  the  people  who  received  the 
papers.  That  was  the  Lewis  way  of 
avoiding  the  postal  regulation.  In  the 
Myrick  case  recently  under  discussion, 
and  we  believe  yet  under  investigation, 
a  paper  purchased  at  a  nominal  price  and 
with  no  large  accredited  circulation 
suddenly  announced  a  100,000  circula¬ 
tion.  It  is  said  that  agents  were  sent 
out  to  get  these  names,  and  that  in  some 
cases  the  agent  gets  the  full  amount  of 
the  collections,  making  it  possible  for 
the  agent,  when  required  to  keep  up  a 
definite  quota  of  returns,  to  send  in  sub¬ 
scriptions  at  nominal  rates  or  even  en¬ 
tirely  free.  To  this  the  Department  is 
said  to  object,  but  it  has  been  announced 
that  Mr.  Myrick  has  succeeded  in  over¬ 
coming  the  objection  of  the  Department 
through  the  protests  of  Senators  who 
came  to  his  aid.  If  so  it  seems  like  an 
effective  way  of  avoiding  the  regulation, 
and  opens  the  way  to  all  the  old  abuses. 

But  new  conditions  exist;  and  this 
brings  us  hack  to  the  statement  at  the 
head  of  this  article.  The  people  are 
getting  wiser.  Fake  advertising  doesn’t 
pay  as  well  as  it  did,  because  people  will 
not  patronize  it.  Honest  advertising 
pays  better  than  ever  before,  because 
honest  houses  have  established  a  high 
and  uniform  standard  for  their  goods 
through  newspaper  advertising.  This 
reputation  acquired  for  their  goods  is  a 
most  valuable  asset,  and  they  find  ad¬ 
vertising  space  in  good  papers  a  paying 
investment.  But  they  will  not  allow 
their  advertisements  on  the  same  page 
with  nostrums  or  fakes.  Hente  the 
mail  order  publisher  is  embarrassed  on 
one  hand  with  a  declining  number  of 
his  old  fake  advertisers,  and  on  the  other 
by  the  objections  of  honest  advertisers 
to  the  few  he  is  yet  able  to  get.  Hav¬ 
ing  little  or  no  subscription  revenue,  he 
has  been  dependent  entirely  on  the.  ad¬ 
vertiser.  This  condition  has  driven  him 
to  the  expediency  of  working  the  reader 
on  the.  stock  or  bond  scheme.  If  the 
man  or  woman  who  gets  a  paper  free 
refuses  to  pay  for  the  subscription,  and 
will  not  patronize  the  fake  advertisers, 
he  or  she  might  buy  stock  or  bonds,  or 
debentures  or  certificates,  provided  the 
inducements  are  colored  high  enough  to 
attract  attention.  And  so  we  have  pub¬ 
lishers  telling  you  of  the  great  profits  in 
the  publishing  business,  and  naming  three 
or  four  conspicuous  instances;  hut  caie- 
fully  refraining  from  the  mention  of 
scores  of  equally  conspicuous  failures. 
They  give  you  no  definite  table  of  assets 
or  liabilities.  The  details  of  earning  and 
expenses  of  the  past  are  omitted ;  but 
the  prospects  of  the  future  are  related  in 
great  detail,  and  actually  made  to  ap¬ 
pear  as  a  present  condition.  Some  of 
these  publishers  have  abandoned  the 
mail  order  type  entirely,  and  attempt 
quite  respectable  looking  publications. 
You  find  merit  in  them.  What  is  said 
appeals  to  you.  They  are  smart  enough ; 
they  take  up  subjects  of  public  interest, 
and  pose  as  defenders  of  yourself  and 
the  public.  They  get  your  confidence  in 
that  way.  Then  they  get  your  money  on 
the  scheme.  We  hold  them  the  meanest 
set  of  rogues,  because  they  betray  the 
confidence  of  the  people  they  affect  to 
befriend. 

The  above  quotation  is  sweeping,  but 
it  is  none  too  strong.  We  indorse  every 
word  of  it.  We  think  it  is  up  to  Con¬ 
gress  to  define  just  what  qualifications 
will  entitle  a  publication  to  the  second- 
class  mail  privileges.  Our  Federal  Gov¬ 
ernment  should  not  encourage  publica¬ 
tions  that  prey  on  the  confidence  of  the 
people.  Whatever  the  rate  of  postage 
established  for  legitimate  publications, 
and  whatever  other  restrictions  may  be 
imposed  on  all  classes,  this  privilege  of 
selling  watered  stock  and  bonds  of  the 
company  through  the  paper  should  be 
eliminated.  It  is  a  violation  of  trust  to 
the  subscriber;  it  is  a  scandal  in  the  pub¬ 
lishing  business,  and  it  makes  the  Post 
Office  Department  an  accomplice  in  a 
fraud. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — April  26,  ,T.  B.  McNamara, 
one  of  the  suspects  in  the  Los  Angeles 
Times  dynamiting  case,  was  identified  at 
Pasadena  as  the  man  who  had  boarded  in 
San  Francisco  under  the  name  of  Bryce  or 
Bryson.  Bryce,  with  two  other  men, 
bought  500  pounds  of  dynamite  at  Giant, 
Cal.,  early  in  September,  took  it  away  from 
the  powder  works  in  a  launch,  stored  a 
large  part  of  it  in  a  vacant  building  in 
South  San  Francisco  and  brought  the  re¬ 
mainder  to  Los  Angeles.  Part  of  this  was 
used  in  wrecking  the  Times  building,  and 
the  remainder,  it  is  asserted,  in  making 
the  infernal  machines  placed  at  the  homes 
of  Gen.  Harrison  Gray  Otis,  owner  of  the 
Times,  and  F.  .T.  X.  Zeehandelaar,  secre¬ 
tary  of  the  Merchants’  and  Manufacturers’ 
Association. 

Indictments  against  Dan  R.  Ilanna,  Rob¬ 
ert  L.  Ireland,  of  the  M.  A.  Hanna  Com¬ 
pany,  and  D.  T.  McCabe,  fourth  vice-presi¬ 
dent  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and 
17  indictments  against  the  Lake  Shore, 
Pennsylvania,  Bessemer  and  Lake  Erie  and 
Nickel  Plate  Railroads  were  returned  at 
Cleveland,  O.,  April  26,  by  the  Federal 
Grand  Jury,  which  has  been  investigating 
charges  of  rebating  against  railroads  and 
ore  shippers  in  that  region.  Conspiracy 
on  the  part  of  the  railroads,  ore  shippers 
and  dock  companies  in  granting  rebates  is 
charged.  No  arrests  have  been  made.  The 
three  individuals  are  charged  in  the  indict¬ 
ments  with  conspiring  to  violate  the  Elkins 
law.  A  maximum  penalty  of  two  years  in 
the  penitentiary  and  a  .$10,000  line  is  pro¬ 
vided. 

The  plant  of  the  New  York  Piano  Key 
Company,  at  Middletown,  N.  Y.,  was  en¬ 
tirely  destroyed  by  fire  April  26,  with  a 
loss  of  about  $125,000.  Falling  walls 
broke  down  electric  wires  and  the  city 
lighting  company  was  temporarily  put  out 
of  business. 

Special  agents  of  the  Treasury  have  re¬ 
cently  discovered  a  scheme  by  which  those 
persons  who  formerly  sought  to  defraud 
the  Government  out  of  customs  dues  by 
means  of  the  “sleeper-trunk”  method  are 
now  working  through  the  medium  of  ex¬ 
press  companies  and  consular  invoices.  The 
invoices  show  under-valuations  ranging 
from  10  to  20  per  cent  of  the  real  value 
of  the  goods  imported.  Under  the  new  plan 
of  smuggling  by  means  of  under-valuations, 
the  goods  are  turned  over  to  the  express 
companies  abroad,  accompanied  by  the 
necessary  consular  invoice.  The  express 
companies  do  not  know  the  actual  values, 
and  have  no  means  of  ascertaining  them. 
The  seller  of  the  goods  then  mails  to  the 
consignee  a  secret  invoice  setting  forth  the 
actual  value  of  the  goods  upon  which  pay¬ 
ment  is  made  to  him.  By  using  the  me¬ 
dium  of  the  express  companies,  those  en¬ 
gaged  in  the  new  fraud  are  said  to  have 
sought  to  avoid  direct  responsibility,  and  it 
is  admitted  that  a  maze  of  technicalities 
will  have  to  be  cleared  up  by  the  Govern¬ 
ment  before  the  exact  responsibility  can  be 
placed.  Confiscation  of  the  goods,  however, 
has  been  and  will  continue  to  be  one  form 
of  redress  on  the  part  of  the  Government. 

The  five-story  building  of  the  Buffalo 
Glass  Company,  No.  96-98  Seneca  street, 
Buffalo,  was  burned  April  27.  Owing  to 
large  quantities  of  turpentine  stored  in 
the  building,  the  blaze  was  a  difficult  one 
to  control.  Explosions  were  frequent  and 
many  firemen  were  temporarily  overcome. 
The  loss  is  estimated  as  about  $250,000. 

The  Hotel  Wahnetah,  at  Glen  Onoko,  Pa., 
built  by  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  Com¬ 
pany  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago  at  a  cost 
of  $60,000,  was  destroyed  by  a  mountain 
fire  April  27.  The  hotel  was  well  knovyn 
to  Summer  tourists,  and  preparations  were 
under  way  to  reopen  for  the  coming  season. 

James  .T.  Farmer,  president  of  the 
Anglo-American  Authors’  Association,  at 
225  Fifth  avenue,  New  York,  was  arrested 
April  28  at  the  request  of  the  Philadelphia 
police,  who  wired  that  an  indictment  for 
grand  larceny  had  been  brought  against 
him  in  Philadelphia.  Farmer  has  been  in 
trouble  before.  The  warrant  on  which 
Farmer  was  arrested  charges  him  with  the 
larceny  of  $3,700  through  the  sale  of  books 
he  said  were  rare  and  charged  for  accord¬ 
ingly.  The  complainant  is  Alexander  Sel¬ 
lers,  said  to  be  a  millionaire  resident  of 
Philadelphia.  Sellers,  in  the  affidavit,  states 
that  Farmer  got  $2,000  from  him  for  a  set 
of  Disraeli  which  could  be  bought  in  the 
open  market  for  $120.  For  a  Vanderbilt 
collection  he  gave  $400,  although  it  was 
only  worth  $20.  Other  similar  sales  brought 
the  total  out  of  which  Mr.  Sellers  thinks* 
he  was  defrauded  up  to  $3,700.  Farmer 
was  arrested  last  June  in  a  civil  suit 
brought  by  Elizabeth  Laidlaw,  of  Hemp¬ 
stead,  to  recover  more  than  $3,000.  lie 
was  released  on  bail  and  the  action  is  still 
pending.  Recently  in  a  suit  for  $8,500 
brought  against  a  man  who  was  said  to  be 
Farmer’s  agent  in  handling  “do  luxe” 
books,  and  which  was  lost,  William  Mc- 
Cue,  a  clerk  in  Farmer’s  office,  said  that 
he  had  written  letters  to  Sellers  on  foreign 
hotel  letter  paper.  At  that  time  a  steno¬ 
grapher  in  Farmer’s  office  told  how  Farmer 
used  to  rehearse  his  salesmen  in  the  de¬ 
tails  of  a  story  of  a  Minneapolis  million¬ 
aire  who  was  hurrying  home  from  Europe 
to  pay  twice  for  the  books  what  the  victims 
of  the  trick  paid. 

Fire  broke  out  April  27  in  the  plant  of 
the  Canadian  Car  and  Foundry  Co.,  at 
Amherst,  Nova  Scotia.  It  originated  in 
the  blacksmith  shop,  and  burned  out  forgo 
shops  and  other  departments.  Loss  $200,- 
000 ;  400  men  were  made  idle. 

A  Lackawanna  excursion  train  carrying 
150  members  of  the  Utica  Teachers’  Asso¬ 
ciation  and  IS  friends  to  Washington  for 
a  holiday  week  of  sight  seeing  swerved 
from  the  track  half  a  mile  south  of  Mar¬ 
tin’s  Creek,  N.  .T.,  April  29.  Four  of  the 
five  coaches  rolled  into  a  gully  to  the  east 
of  the  track,  caught  fire  from  the  acetylene 
gas  tanks,  and  were  destroyed  in  half  an 
hour.  Eleven  lives  wore  lost,  eight  teach¬ 
ers  and  three  of  the  train  crew.  The  fire 
was  so  rapid  that  it  seems  remarkable 
there  were  no  more  fatalities  The  passen¬ 
gers  crawled  through  the  windows  with 
hair  and  clothes  afire,  and  many  were 
shockingly  burned.  It  is  said  that  a  re¬ 
markable  feature  of  the  wreck  was  the 
calmness  and  presence  of  mind  of  the 
teachers  under  such  terrifying  conditions. 

One-third  of  the  city  of  Bangor,  Me., 
is  in  ruins,  thousands  of  persons  are  home¬ 
less  and  a  property  loss  estimated  at  $3,- 


000.000  was  sustained  as  the  result  of  a 
conflagration  which  raged  for  hours  April 
30.  Starting  in  a  hay  shed  in  Broad  street, 
the  lire  swept  along  Broad  and  Exchange 
streets  through  the  heart  of  the  city,  leav¬ 
ing  homes,  churches,  schools,  business 
blocks  and  all  the  public  buildings,  with 
the  exception  of  the  City  Hall,  a  mass  of 
smoking  ashes.  Approximately  285  houses, 
chiefly  of  the  better  class,  about  100  busi¬ 
ness  buildings  and  seven  churches  were 
destroyed.  Two  lives  are  known  to  have 
been  lost.  For  many  hours  the  firemen  of 
Bangor,  assisted  by  men  and  apparatus 
from  other  Maine  cities,  battled  against 
the  blaze  before  they  conquered  it.  Dy¬ 
namite  proved  of  little  avail.  Buildings 
were  blown  up,-  but  the  flames  easily  leaped 
the  chasms  thus  made,  and  it  was  not  un¬ 
til  the  wind,  which  had  been  blowing  al¬ 
most  a  gale  during  the  night,  shifted  and 
a  light  rain  fell,  that  there  was  any  indica¬ 
tion  that  the  firemen  would  win. 

From  the  Manhattan  Bridge,  April  28,  an 
immense  crowd  watched  flames  eating  up 
the  interior  of  one  of  the  refineries  of  the 
great  Arbuckle  sugar  and  coffee  plant  on 
the  Brooklyn  side  of  the  East  River.  An 
explosion  of  sugar  dust  caused  the  fire,  it 
was  supposed.  Nearly  200  men  employed 
on  the  night  shift  in  the  refinery  escaped. 
Before  the  fire  was  extinguished  it  caused 
a  loss  of  $400,000,  according  to  the  police 
and  some  of  the  Arbuckle  officials.  On 
Christmas  Day,  1902,  three  firemen  lost 
their  lives  at  a  fire  in  the  same  building. 

Charles  H.  Hyde,  Chamberlain  of  the 
City  of  New  York,  was  indicted  May  1  by 
the  special  grand  jury  which  has  been  in¬ 
vestigating  the  affairs  of  the  Carnegie 
Trust  Company.  The  indictment  was  found 
under  Section  372  of  the  Penal  law,  which 
makes  it  a  criminal  offence  for  any  person 
who  executes  any  of  the  functions  of  $ 
public  office  to  ask,  receive  or  agree  to  re¬ 
ceive  a  bribe.  The  evidence  on  which  the 
indictment  is  based,  it  is  reported,  was 
sufficient  to  carry  the  conviction  that  there 
had  been  an  illegal  arrangement  between 
Hyde  and  the  officials  of  the  Carnegie 
Trust  Company,  and  Hyde  profited  by  that 
arrangement.  Joseph  G.  Robin’s  story  of 
the  $130,000  loan  he  made  through  the 
Northern  Bank  to  the  Carnegie  Trust  Com¬ 
pany  under  what  Robin  described  as  the 
coercion  of  Hyde  is  known  to  be  one  of 
the  basic  facts  brought  out  in  the  evidence 
on  which  the  indictment  was  found,  and 
the  loans  to  John  V.  Smith,  C.  S.  Eaton 
and  Charles  1’.  Norcross,  which  were 
found  by  the  State  Banking  Department  in 
the  paper  assets  of  the  Carnegie  Trust  Com¬ 
pany,  are  put  down  as  the  means  by  which 
the  arrangement  was  carried  out.  Early 
in  December  of  last  year  the  Carnegie 
Trust  Company  drew  cashier’s  checks  on 
the  National  City  Bank  to  the  order  of 
John  V.  Smith  for  $14,000.  John  V.  Smith 
is  Hyde's  private  secretary.  He  deposited 
these  checks  in  his  own  account  in  tjje 
Northern  Bank.  Within  a  short  time  Smith 
drew  four  checks,  aggregating  $13,800  ;  two 
in  favor  of  “Cash,”  and  two  to  the  order 
of  Charles  II.  Hyde.  The  two  checks 
drawn  to  “Cash”  bore  Smith's  indorsement, 
and  beneath  that  the  indorsement  of 
Charles  II.  Hyde.  Those  two  were  cashed 
in  the  Northern  Bank.  The  two  to  the 
order  of  Charles  II.  Hyde  were  presented 
to  the  Northern  Bank  with  a  request  foif 
cashier’s  checks  of  like  amount,  and  those 
cashier’s  checks  were  deposited  by  Hyde 
in  his  own  accounts  in  other  banks.  The 
indictment  was  followed  by  Hyde’s  resig¬ 
nation. 

FARM  AND  GARDEN.— A  dispatch  from 
Frankfort,  Germany,  April  27,  announced 
that  an  agreement  has  been  reached  be¬ 
tween  the  independent  potash  interests  in 
the  United  States  and  the  German  syndi¬ 
cate  through  which  the  independents  will 
cut  loose  frm  the  American  combined  in¬ 
terests  and  negotiate  directly  with  the 
German  syndicate.  The  negotiations  will 
be  opened  at  Hamburg  on  May  10. 


CROP  NOTES. 

We  are  having  a  cold  wet  Spring,  hardly 
any  plowing  done  for  corn  ;  acreage  of  oats 
will  be  short.  Fruit  in  good  shape,  promise 
of  a  big  peach  crop.  Pastures  are  fine, 
meadows  look  promising  for  a  full  crop  of 
hay.  Very  few  potatoes  planted  yet. 

Hamilton  Co.,  O.  L.  e.  s. 

'Fruit  prospects  are  splendid  here,  and  we 
are  trying  to  do  our  part.  We  have 
manured  all  of  our  bearing  orchards  with 
steer  manure  reinforced  with  acid  phos¬ 
phate,  and  have  sprayed  all  with  lime  and 
sulphur  and  pruned  them  all,  and  either 
plowed  and  harrowed  or  mulched.  We  also 
have  500  oil  heaters  ready  to  use,  and  then 
we  will  trust  to  Providence  for  the  rest 
till  time  to  spray  again.  w.  w.  f. 

Waterville.  Ohio. 

The  fruit  crop  in  the  Yakima  Valley  has 
gone  through  a  severe  cold  spell  during  the 
early  part  of  April.  After  a  close  inspec¬ 
tion  of  the  different  districts  in  the  valley, 
covering  a  radius  of  about  100  miles,  I  find 
the  following  conditions:  Annie  crop  will 
be  about  75  per  cent;  pears,  65  per  cent; 
peaches,  late,  40  per  cent :  cherries,  25  per 
cent.  This  is  to  me  a  good  showing  in 
view  of  the  fact  that  much  of  the  fruit 
trees  were  out  considerable  in  bud.  Smudge 
pots  were  used  extensively  In  the  lower 
valleys.  pact.  g.  kruger. 

Washington. 

Fruit  trees  of  all  varieties  are  very  well 
budded  and  prospects  for  a  good  crop  of 
fruit  is  excellent.  Even  the  shy-bearing 
varieties  of  peaches  seem  as  well-budded 
as  any.  Many  power  sprayers  have  been 
purchased  this  Spring,  and  very  thorough 
work  is  being  done  in  spraying.  San  Jose 
scale  has  been  discovered  in  many  of  the 
orchards,  and  early  spraying  has  been  neces¬ 
sary.  Quite  a  bit  of  Spring  planting  has 
been  done.  Mason  County  has  the  reputa¬ 
tion  of  being  the  largest  peach  producing 
county  in  Michigan,  as  well  as  a  reputa¬ 
tion  for  honest  packages.  R.  .T.  Fitch,  one 
of  the  largest  growers,  ships  direct  to  the 
trade.  One  individual  account  last  year 
amounted  to  $1,500.  In  this  case  lie  not 
only  produced  the  fruit,  but  also  named  the 
price.  If  more  growers  would  adopt  this 
method  of  selling  they  would  not  only  get 
more  out  of  the  dollar,  but  they  would 
lower  the  cost  to  the  consumer,  and  also 
avoid  the  glutting  of  the  terminals,  which 
means  low  prices  to  the  producer,  and  by 
tin'  tinie  it  gets  to  the  consumer,  fruit  of 
poor  quality  and  at  a  high  price,  e.  v.  a. 

Mason  Co.,  Mich. 


6  0S 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


May  IS, 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

IMMORTAL. 

How  living  are  the  dead ! 

Enshrined,  hut  not  apart. 

How  safe  within  the  heart 
We  hold  them  still — our  dead, 

Whatever  else  be  fled  ! 

Our  constancy  is  deep 
Toward  those  who  lie  asleep. 

Forgetful  of  the  strain  and  .mortal  strife 
That  are  so  large  a  part  of  this  our  earthly 
life. 

They  are  our  very  own ; 

From  them — from  them  alone, 

Nothing  can  us  estrange — 

Nor  blight  autumnal,  no ;  nor  wintry 
change ! 

The  midnight  moments  keep 
A  place  for  them ;  and  though  we  wake  to 
weep, 

They  are  beside  us ;  still,  in  joy,  in  pain — 
In  every  crucial  hour,  they  come  again, 
Angelic  from  above — 

Bearing  the  gifts  of  blessings  and  of  love — 
Until  the  shadowy  path  they  lonely  trod 
Becomes  for  us  a  bridge  that  upward  leads 
to  God. 

— Florence  Earle  Coates,  in  Harper’s  Maga¬ 
zine. 

• 

We  are  told  that  as  a  result  of  the 
modern  fresh-air  cult  nightcaps  are  com¬ 
ing  into  use  again,  and  some  department 
stores  supply  them.  This  sounds  en¬ 
tirely  sensible.  The  drafts  from  many 
open  windows,  playing  about  a  sensitive 
head  (especially  if  thinly  thatched)  may 
easily  give  cold  while  in  bed,  and  the 
nightcap  is  a  sensible  way  out  of  it, 
though  in  the  bygone  period,  when 
everyone  wore  nightcaps,  fresh  air  had 
not  been  discovered,  and  night  air  was 
usually  regarded  as  poison. 

* 

Here  is  a  recommended  recipe  for 
marbled  jumbles:  Cream  a  cupful  of 
butter  with  two  cupfuls  of  sugar ;  add 
four  well  beaten  eggs  and  stir  the  mix¬ 
ture  into  three  scant  cupfuls  of  flour, 
with  which  two  heaping  teaspoonfuls  of 
baking  powder  and  a  scant  half  tea¬ 
spoonful  of  salt  have  been  sifted.  Melt 
half  a  cupful  or  a  cupful  of  grated 
chocolate,  as  preferred,  and  stir  it  into 
half  the  batter.  To  the  other  half  add 
the  juice  and  grated  rind  of  an  orange. 
Stir  the  two  doughs  together  so  that 
the  chocolate  runs  through  the  orange 
flavored  dough  in  streaks.  Roll  the 
jumble  mixture  into  a  thin  layer  and 

cut  into  fancy  shapes. 

* 

Those  little  ribbon  roses  that  have 
been  used  so  much  as  millinery  and 
neckwear  trimmings  are  still  in  high 
favor,  and  are  used  freely  on  lingerie 
gowns,  at  waist,  neck  and  on  the  sleeves. 
They  are  also  used  to  decorate  parasols, 
to  finish  the  ends  of  lace  scarfs,  and  in 
place  of  rosettes  on  baby  caps.  It  is  a 
“puttering”  job  to  make  them,  but  not 
difficult  for  one  with  nimble  fingers,  ex¬ 
cept  the  very  tiny  ones.  Sometimes 
they  are  made  in  sprays,  with  stems 
wound  with  green  ribbon,  one  large  rose 
and  several  smaller  ones,  or  they  may 
be  used  in  little  bunches,  or  even  singly. 
While  shades  of  pink  find  greatest  use, 
they  are  made  in  all  colors  for  special 
needs.  When  made  in  the  darker  colors 
to  match  a  suit,  the  center  of  the  flower 
is  often  made  of  gold  or  silver  ribbon. 

* 

Spanish  rice  is  a  wholesome  and 
savory  dish.  Take  a  cupful  of  rice  that 
has  been  boiled  and  drained,  a  large 
onion  chopped  fine,  two  sweet  green 
peppers  divested  of  seeds  and  chopped, 
a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  salt  pork 
minced  fine  and  the  liquor  from  a  can 
of  tomatoes.  Put  pork  into  a  pan,  and 
when  it  begins  to  cook  the  onions  are 
added  and  cooked  until  they  begin  to 
turn  yellow.  Then  the  peppers  are  put 
in  and  cooked  for  two  or  three  minutes. 
The  contents  of  the  pan  are  then  mixed 
with  the  rice,  enough  of  the  tomato 
liquor  added  to  moisten  the  rice  and  the 
mixture  turned  into  a  baking  dish,  cov¬ 
ered  with  crumbs  and  baked  until  the 
top  is  brown — nearly  25  minutes. 


An  Englishwoman  living  in  China 
thus  describes  a  visit  to  a  Chinese 
farmhouse  in  “The  Lady’’ : 

We  spent  the  afternoon  with  a  respect¬ 
able  farmer’s  family.  The  farmer's  wife 
welcomed  us  warmly  and  rega'led  us  on  tea 
and  boiled  eggs — a  dish  of  twenty  or  thirty 
boiled  eggs,  to  be  eaten  without  bread  or 
salt  or  any  accessory  whatever  except  the 
tea.  The  farmhouse  was  built  of  mud, 
with  walls  two  feet  thick,  and  the  windows 
were  almost  non-existent.  The  place 
looked  poverty  stricken,  but  the  fanner's 
wife  spoke  of  recent  prosperity.  Crops  had 
done  welt  and  she  and  her  husband  had 
been  able  to  purchase  that  which  they  had 
been  wanting  for  some  years  past.  She 
took  us  to  see  the  newly  bought  treasures. 
We  peered  in  through  the  door  and  the 
good  woman's  face  beamed  with  pride  and 
pleasure.  There  they  were  straight  in  front 
of  us,  made  of  polished  wood,  black  as 
ebony,  two  magnificent — coffins. 

* 

In  a  recent  address  on  popular  educa¬ 
tion,  Miss  Agnes  Repplier,  the  distin¬ 
guished  essayist,  referred  to  the  modern 
system  which  tries  to  make  everything 
easy  and  interesting  to  the  child,  and 
thus  lessens  the  desire  to  work  and  per¬ 
severe.  Miss  Repplier  remarks : 

The  average  child  receives  the  Impres¬ 
sion  that  work  is  a  kind  of  play,  and  he 
is  justified  in  stopping  short  when  any 
mental  process  becomes  burdensome.  Stan¬ 
ley  Hall  thinks  that  animal  stories  should 
be  acted  out  by  the  children  and  teacher. 
Is  it  any  wonder,  with  such  a  method  of 
study,  that  the  child  should  early  form  the 
idea  that  it  is  the  business  of  the  teacher 
to  keep  him  interested?  A  Harvard  pro¬ 
fessor  says  that  he  can  tell  his  freshmen 
who  began  in  the  kindergarten,  because 
they  lack  patience  and  perseverance.  Bar¬ 
rett  Wendell  tells  of  a  lad  who  was  trying 
to  work  his  way  through  college.  When 
given  cataloguing  to  do  and  asked  to  do  it 
alphabetically,  he  said :  “I  do  not  know 
the  alphabet.”  It  is  a  far  cry  from  the 
present  situation  in  the  kindergartens  to 
the  mother  of  John  Wesley,  who  compelled 
each  of  eighteen  children  to  learn  the  al¬ 
phabet  on  his  or  her  fifth  birthday.  That 
is  the  other  extreme.  All  that  education 
can  do  is  to  make  a  good  learner.  All  that 
idleness  can  do  is  to  make  a  good  player. 
Neither  can  do  anything,  if  they  are  not 
made  distinguishable  from  each  other.  Sir 
Walter  Scott  made  himself  in  hours  of 
truancy,  but  Scott  knew  when  he  was 
idling.  In  his  day  there  was  no  attempt 
to  popularize  education.  All  education 
was  disciplinary.  Even  mothers  were  so 
busy  having  children  and  caring  for  their 
material  welfare  that  they  had  no  time 
or  thought  to  attend  ‘‘mothers’  confer¬ 
ences.”  They  thus  missed  a  great  deal  of 
fun.  Popular  education  has  many  fields 
besides  the  lecture  hall.  Abbreviations 
are  now  the  order  of  the  day,  and  lectures 
take  the  place  of  dry  reading  and  study¬ 
ing.  Who  can  blame  us  for  taking  short 
cuts  in  tli is  busy  world?  In  point  of  fact, 
there  seems  to  be  genuine  dread  of  tackling 
any  author,  or  of  allowing  children  to 
tackle  him,  until  he  has  been  run  through 
a  sieve.  It  is  the  time  for  a  vigorous  pro¬ 
test  against  allowing  children  nothing  but 
predigested  literature,  and  thus  stunting 
their  mental  processes.  What  is  to  become 
of  awakening  intelligence,  if  it  is  to  be 
systematically  laid  to  sleep  again?  Many 
are  the  sins  committed  in  the  name  of  edu¬ 
cation. 

Pe  Tsai  Cabbage. 

The  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  of  the 
U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture  pub¬ 
lishes  several  times  a  year  a  bulletin  un¬ 
der  the  title  “Seeds  and  Plants  Im¬ 
ported.”  Strange  fruits  and  vegetables 
as  well  as  unfamiliar  varieties  of  many 
of  our  common  plants  follow  one  an¬ 
other  in  the  pages  of  these  bulletins ; 
names  of  plants  and  places  with  curious 
spelling  and  pronunciation  only  to  be 
guessed  at  by  the  ordinary  reader  meet 
the  eye ;  and  led  by  these  into  far  cor¬ 
ners  of  the  earth  with  some  consul  or 
explorer  or  scientific  specialist  one’s  im¬ 
agination  finds  unusual  stimulus.  These 
newly  imported  seeds  and  plants  are 
sent  for  trial  to  those  parts  of  the 
United  States  which  seem  best  suited 
to  their  successful  growth.  Many  of 
them  are  tried  on  the  United  States  Ex¬ 
periment  Farm  near  Washington  by  va¬ 
rious  specialists  of  the  Agricultural  De¬ 
partment,  and  so  it  comes  to  pass  some¬ 
times  that  the  return  at  night  from 
work  of  one  of  these  specialists  brings 
to  his  wife  the  additional  interest  of 
some  strange  new  variety  of  fruit  to  be 
Compared  carefully  in  flavor  with  the 


native  and  known,  or  of  some  vegetable 
for  the  cooking  of  which  she  may  find 
no  recipe  in  her  “Complete  Cook  Book.” 

It  was  one  such  return  at  night,  par¬ 
ticularly,  that  I  have  in  mind.  An  old 
botanical  collecting-case  had  been  doing 
duty  that  Spring  between  Arlington, 
where  the  experiment  farm  is  situated, 
and  the  suburban  cottage  where  some 
of  the  experiments  reached  their  con¬ 
summation.  This  receptacle  now  dis¬ 
closed  itself  full  of  big,  fat  light-green 
stems  of  leaves,  calculated  to  make  one’s 
mouth  water,  so  early  was  it  in  the  sea¬ 
son.  “This  is  the  Pe  Tsai  I  was  telling 
you  about,”  was  the  reply  to  an  eager 
question,  and  the  added  remark,  “No 
one  seems  to  know  just  how  to  cook  it,” 
gave  the  finishing  touch.  The  next  day’s 
experiment  in  cooking  proved  as  satis¬ 
factory  as  had  ihe  experiment  in  grow¬ 
ing,  and  it  was  later  given  an  honored 
place  in  the  experimenter’s  own  garden 
plot. 

Permit  me  to  introduce  Brassica 
pekinensis,  Chinese  or  Pe  Tsai  cabbage, 
more  formally.  It  forms  oblong,  loose 
heads  like  Cos  lettuce,  but  with  much 
larger  leaves.  Bulletin  'No.  205  of  the 
Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  says :  “Planted 
in  Spring,  Summer  and  Autumn  by 
sowing  thickly  on  freshly  cultivated  soil 
and  then  raking  in.  Ready  for  use  in  20 
to  30  days.  Eaten  boiled.”  Stems  and 
leaves  may  be  used  together  as  “greens,” 
but  it  was  found  to  be  most  delicious 
when  the  stems  alone  were  used,  boiled 
and  creamed,  like  asparagus.  Its  ex¬ 
treme  earliness,  combined  with  its  ex¬ 
cellent  flavor,  make  it  a  valuable  vege¬ 
table  for  the  farmer’s  garden.  The  bul¬ 
letin  before  quoted  mentions  another  Pe 
Tsai  cabbage  which  is  sown  in  August, 
transplanted  in  the  Fall,  and  ripens  and 
is  used  during  the  Winter,  but  the 
writer  has  had  no  experience  with  this 
variety.  H.  B.  T. 


Another  Cure  for  a  Household  Trial 
— Driven  to  desperation  one  night  in 
your  city  by  an  innumerable  host  of  those 
umvelcomed  invaders,  bedbugs,  I  was 
forced,  then  and  there,  to  think  out  a 
suitable  remedy— something  that  could 
be  used  at  once  conveniently,  safely  and 
effectively.  Too  much  danger  in  the  gas 
light  from  naphtha  fumes,  or  turpentine; 
besides  their  unpleasant  odor  when 
fresh ;  so  I  struck  upon  camphor.  I  dis¬ 
solved  as  much  as  I  could  in  an  atomizer 
filled  with  alcohol,  and,  sure  enough,  I 
had  in  my  desperation  stumbled  upon  an 
effective  remedy,  easy  of  application, 
pleasant  in  odor  and  deadly.  The  whole 
thing  is  so  neat,  1  mean  as  to  material, 
price,  application,  safety,  cleanliness, 
efficiency  and  convenience  that  I  think 
you  will  be  doing  a  kindness  to  call  the 
attention  of  the  public  to  this  method  of 
attack  or  defence.  I  captured  several 
of  the  invaders  and  they  seemed  to  wilt 
under  a  spraying  of  this  mixture  as  if 
from  a  touch  of  a  naphtha  flame. 

stranger. 


If  you 


only  knew  what 
splendid  music  the 
Victor  brings  into 
your  home,  you 
wouldn’t  be  without 
one  for  a  single  day. 

There  is  a  Victor  dealer  right  in 
your  neighborhood  who  will  gladly 
play  any  Victor  music  you  want  to 
hear,  and  if  you  want  to  buy  he 
will  arrange  terms  to  suit.  Write 
us  today  for  his  name  and  address 
and  we’ll  also  send  you  complete  catalogs 
of  the  Victor  ($10  to  $100),  Victor-Victrola 
($75  to  $250),  and  Victor  Records. 

Victor  Talking  Machine  Co. 

20th  and  Cooper  Sts.,  Camden,  N.  J. 

hirnmr  Gramophone  Co.,  Montreal,  Canadian  Distributor* 


To  pet  best  results,  use  only 
Victor  Needles  on  Victor  Records 


r.t<4 


My  “Pearl  Glass” 
lamp-chimneys  give 
more  light  than 
common  ones,  clue 
to  perfection  of 
shape  and  propor¬ 
tions—  riofht  balance 
of  drafts. 

They  are  clear  as 
crystal  —  made  of 
tough  glass,  not 
bottle  glass.  They  make  the 
lamp  do  its  best. 

Common  chimneys  hinder  the 
light  —  the  draft  is  a  matter  of 
chance.  The  lamp  can  t  do  its  best. 

My  name,  Macbeth,  is  on  every  "Pearl  Glass” 
lamp  chimney.  Send  for  my  Index. 

Macbeth 

Macbcth-Evans  Glass  Co.  Pittsburgh 

Chicago:  Philadelphia: 

178  East  Lake  Street  42  South  Eighth  Street 

New  York:  19  West  30th  Street 


Reg.  U.  S.Pat  Off. 


cleanest  and  most  reliable  lighting  lystem 
known  for  farms  and  country  homes.?  The 
Dayton  Electric  Lighting  Outfits  are  low  in 
cost,  easy  to  install,  cost  almost  nothing  to 
operate.  Give  you  better  lights  than  most  city 
people  enjoy.  Write  today  for  complete  illus¬ 
trated  catalog  showing  outfits,  fixtures,  etc. 

DAYTON  ELECTRICAL  MFG.  CO. 
231  St.  Clair  Street  Dayton,  Ohio 


Rider  Agents  Wanted 

In  each  town  to  ride  an  exhibit  sample  zoxs  blcy- 
-Njc  cle.  Write  for  special  offer. 

Finest  Guaranteed  afrOT 

1911  Models  to 

with  Coaster-Brakes  and  Puncture-Proof  tires. 

1909  &  1910  Models 

all  of  best  makes.. ..  "  *°  V?  I  & 

tOO  Second  -  Hand  Wheels 

All  makes  and  models,  .  e£o 

good  as  new . .  *p*J  to  *po 

Great  FACTORY  CLEARING  SALE 
We  Shfp  on  Approval  -without  a 
cent  deposit,  pay  the  freight,  and  allow 

'lO  DAY’S  FREE  TRIAL. 

.  .  'TIRES,  coaster  brake  rear  wheels,  lamps. 

r  sundries,  parts  and  repairs  for  all  makes,  of  bicycles  at 
rhalf  usual  prices.  DO  NOT  BUY  until  you  get  our 
catalogues  and  offer.  If  rite  now. 

MEAD  CYCLE  CO.  Dept.  WflO  CHICAGO 


Direct  from  Factory,  Freight  Prepaid 
and  Guaranteed  by  the  Manufacturer 


You  can  buy  a  Gold  Coin  Stove  from  us  $5  to 
♦  80  less  than  dealer’s 
prices.  We  pay  freight; 
safe  delivery  insured, 
polished  and  all  ready 
to  set  up. 

“Satisfaction  or  your 
money  back  any  time 
within  1  year” 
is  our  written 
guaranty. 

Free  Catalog 
— /  llustrates 
all  our  Stoves. 
Gives  Price 
List  and  tells  our 
Plan  and  Offer. 
Send  for  it. 

Gold  Coin  Stove  Co. 

3  Oak  St.  Troy,  N.  Y. 


FUMA 


Prairie  Dogs, 

m  u  u  Woodchucks,  Gophers, 

and  Grain  Insects. 
"The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  blit  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you'caii  stop  their 

ewith  “  Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  Ma“ 

EDWARD  It.  TAYLOR,  Feun  Yan,  N.  Y. 


The  Farmer’s  Son’s 
Great  Opportunity 

Why  wait  for  the  old  farm  to  become  your  in¬ 
heritance?  Begin  now  to  prepare  for 
your  future  preterit*  and  inde¬ 
pendence.  A  th\  rvt  ortunity 
awaits  you  In  .  ;.p  Saskatch¬ 

ewan  or  Alberta.  .•  a  you  can  se¬ 
cure  a  Free  .  Iomcs  buy  land 

at  reasonable  price* 

Now’s  the  Time 

— not  a  year  from  now,  when  land 
will  be  higher.  The  profits  secured 
from  the  abundant  crops  of  b 
Wheat,  Oats  and  Barley,  r» 
well  as  cattle  raising,  are  causing  a  steady  ad¬ 
vance  in  price.  Government  returns  chow 
that  the  number  of  settlers  in  AV:  st¬ 
ern  Canada  from  the  17.  S.  was  60 
per  cent  larger  in  1910  tliun  the 
previous  year. 

Many  farmers  have  paid  fortheir 
land  out  of  the  proceeds  of  one  crop. 

Free  Homesteads  of  1 60  acres  and 
pre-emptions  of  160  acres  at  $3.00 
an  acre.  Splendid  climate,  good 
schools,  excellent  railway  facilities, 
low  freight  rates;  wood,  water  and 
lumber  easily  obtained. 

For  pamphlet  “Last  Best  West,”  particulars 
as  to  locations  and  low  settlers’  rate,  apply  to 
Sup't  Immig.,  Ottawa,  Can.,  or  to  Can.  Gov.  Agt. 

Supt.  of  Immigration,  Ottawa,  Canada,  or 
Canadian  Government  Agent,  30  Syracuse 
Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

(55) 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


€593 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  pattern  and  measurements 
desired. 

The  skirt  that  gives  the  tunic  effect, 
yet  is  really  a  single  one,  is  much  liked 
and  will  be  greatly  used  throughout  the 
coming  season.  Here  is  a  model  that 
can  be  trimmed  to  produce  that  effect 


or  finished  with  a  deep  facing  of  con¬ 
trasting  material  or  made  of  two  ma¬ 
terials,  as  liked.  In  the  illustration,  it 
is  cut  slightly  above  the  waist  line,  but 
it  can  be  cut  off  and  joined  to  a  belt,  if 
preferred.  The  model  is  an  excellent 
one  for  all  seasonable  material,  cotton 
and  linen  as  well  as  silk  and  wool.  In 
the  illustration  white  mohair  is  banded 
with  silk,  but  white  linen  trimmed  with 
color  or  with  braid  would  be  equally 
smart.  The  skirt  can  be  made  in  two 
pieces  with  seams  over  the  hips  only,  or 
in  three,  with  a  seam  at  back,  as  best 
suits  the  material.  It  is  fitted  by  means 
of  darts.  When  the  simulated  tunic  is 
desired  the  trimming  is  arranged  on 
indicated  lines.  The  skirt  also  is  per¬ 
forated  for  deep  facing  or  for  contrast¬ 
ing  materials.  For  the  medium  size  will 
be  required  524  yards  of  material  27  or 
2§4  yards  44  or  52  inches  wide  without 
the  seam  at  back;  4 yards  27,  4  yards 
44  or  52  with  seam  at  the  back ;  the 
width  of  the  skirt  at  the  lower  edge  is 
2J4  yards.  The  pattern,  No.  6936,  is  cut 
in  sizes  for  a  22,  24,  26,  28,  30  and 
32  inch  waist  measure;  price  10  cents. 

The  smaller  pictures  include  6991, 
fancy  tucked  blouse,  34  to  42  bust.  562 


embroidery  design.  2l/2  yards  of  ma¬ 
terial  27  inches  wide,  124  yar<l  36,  ll/2 
yard  44  inches  wide,  for  medium  size. 
The  embroidery  transfer  pattern  costs 
10  cents  extra.  6996,  fancy  blouse  clos¬ 
ing  in  front  for  misses  and  small  women, 


14,  16  and  18  years.  2  yards  of  ma¬ 
terial  27  or  36  inches  wide,  or  1  yard 
44,  with  Yz  yard  27  for  collar  and  cuffs. 
To  make  the  guimpe  of  one  material 
will  be  needed  3  yards  18  inches  wide. 
To  make  the  lining  faced  will  be  re¬ 
quired  1  yard  36,  with  ?4  yard  IS  inches 
wide  for  the  front  and  under  sleeves  for 
the  medium  size.  6997,  semi-princess 
dress,  34  to  42,  with  square  or  high  neck. 

5 Yz  yards  of  material  27  inches  wide, 
424  yards  36  or  44  with  1 J4  yards  of 
plain  material  27  inches  wide,  8  yards' 
binding,  4 yards  of  fringe  to  make  as 
illustrated,  24  yard  18  inches  wide  for 
the  yoke  and  collar  for  medium  size. 
7001,  child’s  Empire  dress  with  body 
and  sleeves  in  one,  2,  4  and  6  years.  For 
the  4  year  size  will  be  needed  3  yards 
of  material  27,  2*4  yards  36  or  2%  yards 
44  inches  wide,  with  24  yard  18  inches 
wide  for  yoke  and  collar  to  make  as  , 
shown  in  back  view.  6999,  straight 
pleated  skirt,  22  to  30  waist,  with  high 
or  natural  waist  line.  5%.  yards  of  ma¬ 
terial  27  inches  wide,  4  yards  36  or  2 24 
yards  44,  with  5J4  yards  of  banding  or 
2 J4  yards  of  bordered  material  46  inches 
wide  for  medium  size;  price  10  cents. 


Conservatives  and  Insurgents. 

I  have  two  close  neighbors,  so  differ¬ 
ent  that  the  contrast  affords  me  much 
amusement.  You  all  know  the  types, 
and  if  you  have  them  placed  just  as  I 
have,  perhaps  also  see  the  humor  in  it. 
I  call  them  “The  Conservative”  and 
“The  Insurgent.”  The  Conservative  has 
just  a  small  farm,  as  much  as  he  and 
a  “month  hand”  can  attend.  He  never 
moves,  and  his  farming  has  never  va¬ 
ried,  to  my  knowledge.  Just  so  many! 
cows  and  horses  and  hogs,  etc'.,  and’ 
never  any  speculation.  He  never  goes 
in  debt,  goes  to  the  nearby  town  on  cer¬ 
tain  days  with  butter,  eggs  and  other( 
produce,  and  returns  with  the  supply  of 
food  and  other  articles  necessary  to  buyJ 
To  be  obliged  to  send  to  town  on  other( 
days  is,  to  his  mind,  poor  management, 
but  I  knew  him  once  to  miss  his  calcu¬ 
lation  by  the  price  of  a  gallon  of  oil. 
But  he  returned  home  for  the  money 
before  he  bought  that  oil.  Time  is  or¬ 
ganized  in  that  household.  Up  at  five 
the  year  round  and  unless  detained  by 
callers,  you  will  see  no  lights  in  the 
house  after  nine.  You  will  always  find 
the  wife  in  the  Fall  with  a  supply  of 
fruit  “left  over,”  and  there  is  always  an 
extra  rag  carpet  woven  ready  for  a  time 
when  it  shall  be  needed.  In  their  opin¬ 
ion  those  who  do  not  get  their  “hog¬ 
killing”  done  before  Christmas  “have  no 
business  keeping  hogs,”  and  the  building 
of  a  new-idea  chicken  house  is  a  case 
of  “fool  and  money  soon  parted.” 

The  Insurgent  is  a  newcomer.  He 
has  bought  a  large  farm,  has  torn  away 
the  old  house  and  outbuildings  (“he 
might  be  glad  to  have  such  before  he 
dies”),  and  to  cover  the  expense  of  new 
buildings,  for  he  is  young  and  without 
funds,  he  puts  a  sawmill  in  the  timber- 
land,  and  his  teams  are  passing  every 
day.  He  hires  a  half  dozen  men,  and  in 
season  his  fields  are  dotted  with  busy 
workers.  He  has  labor-saving  machin¬ 
ery  and  new  appliances  for  butter-mak¬ 
ing.  He  sells  in  wholesale  quantities 
and  buys  in,  like  manner,  turning  an 
honest  dollar  in  every  way  he  can.  He 
buys  without  money,  but  his  thorough¬ 
going  manner  seems  to  provide  security. 

Now  can  you  not  easily  guess  which 
man  voted  for  replacing  the  old  school 
house  with  a  better  one,  to  raise  the 
teacher’s  salary,  and  used  all  his  in¬ 
fluence  to  secure  macadamized  roads? 
And  do  you  know  which  one  never  fails 
in  attendance  upon  all  church  services, 
and  who  is  just  the  man  you  will  call 
upon  for  active,  physical  help  at  a  time 
“when  things  go  wrong?”  They  are 
both  excellent  people,  and  every  com¬ 
munity  needs  the  two  classes,  if  such  a 
state  of  affairs  cannot  exist  where  a 
happy  medium  could  populate.  It  is  a 
consoling  thought  that  “it  takes  all  kinds 
of  people  to  make  a  world,”  for  perhaps 
even  such  as  I  may  be  needed.  i„  s. 


Lamb’s  Kidneys. — These  require  to  be 
cooked  very  slowly ;  too  much  cooking 
will  toughen  them.  Put  into  frying  pan 
over  the  fire  five  or  six  thin  slices  of 
bacon  and  cook  them  a  nice  brown. 
Take  each  piece  up  with  a  fork,  arrange 
the  slices  aound  the  inside  edge  of  a  hot 
platter  and  stand  it  in  the  mouth  of  the 
oven,  or  any  warm  part  of  the  range. 
Have  the  kidneys  prepared  by  slicing 
them  or  cutting  them  through  the  mid¬ 
dle  and  using  a  wooden  toothpick  for 
a  skewer  to  keep  them  open.  Fry  them 
in  the  same  pan  in  which  the  bacon  was 
cooked,  making  each  side  a  nice  brown. 
Lay  squares  of  toast  in  the  middle  of 
the  platter  and  put  the  kidneys  upon 
them.  Stir  a  teaspoonful  of  flour  into 
the  gravy,  add  a  teaspoon ful  of  lemon 
juice  and  season  with  a  couple  of 
pinches  of  paprika.  Pour  over  the  kid¬ 
neys  and  serve. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


LIGHT* 


Hear  the  Voice  ol  Wisdom 

OVER  2000  fire  insurance  companies 
urge  people  to  protect  their  buildings 
from  lightning  by  the  Dodd  System  of  Light¬ 
ning  Control.  They  grant  lower  rates  of 
insurance  to  induce  people  to  secure 
this  protection. 

It  is  to  their  interest  to  do  so.  Their  statis-  ^ 
ties  prove  to  them  that  three  out  of  four  of 
their  country  tire  losses  are  caused  by 
lightning. 

Benjamin  Franklin,  Original 
ol’  Lightning 
Control 


West  Dodd 
Who  Perfected 
Lightning  Control 


The  same  statistics  show  them  that  of 
all  the  tens  of  thousands  of  insured  build¬ 
ings  that  are  protected  by  the  Dodd  System, 
they  have  never  had  one  dollar’s  loss  to  pay. 

Make  this  a  personal  matter  now.  You  have  insur¬ 
ance  on  your  home.  Get  protection  on  that  home 
and  for  your  family.  Get  noth  insurance  and  pro¬ 
tection  for  the  cost  of  insurance  alone.  The  reduced 
cost  of  insurance  shortly  pays  for  the  lightning  pro¬ 
tection.  Don’t  trifle  with  fate.  The  investment  is 
wise.  Itadds  but  little  to  the  cost  of  your  buildings. 
The  Dodd  System  is  a  1'eal  system— the  one  univer¬ 
sally  endorsed.  It  is  in  charge  of  trained,  schooled 
men  only.  Every  building  a  separate  problem, 
rodded  according  to  conditions.  Guaranteed.  Monel/ 
Hack  or  Damage  Made  Good.  Onr  line  Lightning 
Kook, 7x10  inch  pages,  with  vivid  lightning  scenes 
and  the  whole  lightning  subject,  FREE.  Where 
shall  we  mail  your  copy  ?  Address 

DODD  &  STRUTHERS 

437  6th  Avenue,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 


STYLISH 

DRESSES 

are  quite  largely  a  matter  of 
wise  selection  of  material. 
Select 


«  the 
0 

and  you  secure  a  serv- 
|  iceable  and  fashionable 
cotton  dress  material 
for  Spring  and  bum¬ 
mer  wear. 

Pacific  Percales  come 
in  Oriental  and  fancy 
designs,  in  pencil 
stripes,  pol ka  dots, 
plaids,  and  in  both  deli¬ 
cate  and  rich  color 
tones.  F or  dresses, 
kimonos,  wrappers, 
shirtwaists,  children’s 
dresses,  etc..  Pacific 
Percales  always  insure 
rich  character,  out  of 
the  ordinary  and  up-to- 
the-minute  patterns/ 
positively  longest  wear. 
Preferred  by  shrewd, 
stylish  women,  who  want  to  dress  elegantly  yet 
inexpensively.  _  _ 

Ask  your  dealer  for  genuine  Pacific  Per- 
cales  and  see  that  this  trade  mark 
is  on  each  piece  —  the  guarantee  of  the 
greatest  percale  value. 

If  your  dealer  does  not  carry  Pacific  Percales, 
write  us  for  free  samples  and  list  of  retailers  who 
will  supply  you.  ' 

PACIFIC  MILLS  -  BOSTON,  MASS. 


CIDER  Mild  WINE 


No  complicated  mechanism- 
big  capacities.  Requires  only 
2  to  4  h.  p.  to  operate  any  press. 

Also,  HAND  PRESSES, 

GRINDERS,  MILLS. 

Write  to-day  for  free  catalogue. 

THE  G.  J.  EMENY  CO.,  FULTON,  N.  Y. 


— — — — — — 

08  E?Er's  most  efficient  device 
tiirt  madeforpumpingwaterbywnter. 
D  A  gUR  Raises  water  30  feet  for  each  foot 

.W%. {a|| — no  troubie 

T  r\r 


or  pumping  expense.^  Satis¬ 
faction  guaranteed. 

Bookh  t.  plans,  estimate ,  FREE. 

RITE  ENGINE  CO. 
2429  Trinity  Bldg.,  N.  Y. 


Iirt'f  f  DRILLING 
TT  LtL/Lt  MACHINES 

Over  70  sizes  and  styles,  for  drilling  either  eccp  or 
Bliallow  wells  in  any  kind  or  soil  or  rock.  Mounted  on 
wheels  or  on  sills.  With  enginesorhorse  powers.  Strong, 

1  simple  and  durable.  Any  mechanic  can  operate  them 
easily.  Send  for  catalog. 

WILLIAMS  BROS..  lUnaca,  N.  Y. 


DO  YOU  NEED  FARM  HELP? 

The  Jewish  Agricultural  and  Industrial  Aid 
Society  has  on  its  lists  men  wishing  to  obtain  em¬ 
ployment  upon  farms.  Most  of  them  are  without 
experience,  but  they  are  able-bodied  and  willing 
to  work.  They  speak  little  or  no  English,  although 
many  of  them  speak  German.  If  you  can  make 
use  of  such  help,  please  communicate  with  us, 
stating  what  you  will  pay,  whether  the  work  is 
permanent,  and  whether  you  prefer  a  single  or  a 
married  man.  We  are  a  philanthropic  organiza¬ 
tion,  whose  object  it  is  to  assist  and  encourage 
Jews  to  become  farmers.  We  charge  no  commis¬ 
sion  to  employer  or  employee.  Address 
THE  J.  A.  &  I.  A.  S„  174  Second  Avenue,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


C  III  P — Farm  of  144  acres;  forty-four 
*  Ull  vnLL  acres  timber:  sugar  maple  or¬ 
chard  of  three  hundred  trees.  Fine  water  supply ; 
good  trout  in  stream.  New  nine-room  house;  base¬ 
ment  barn  41!  by  80:  other  outbuildings.  Apnles. 
A  tine  dairy  farm.  Yearly  taxes  are  about  122,00. 
PRICE,  $3,600  —  $1,600  CASH. 

HALL’S  FARM  AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  County,  New  York. 


—AMERICAN— 

SEPARATO 

A  brand  new,  well  made,  easy  running,  easily 
cleaned,  perfect  skimming  separator  for  $15.95. 
Skims  warm  or  cold  milk.  Make:,  thick  or  thin 
cream.  Thousands  in  use  giving  splendid  satis¬ 
faction.  Different  from  this  picture  which  illus¬ 
trates  our  large  capacity  machines.  The  bowl 
is  a  sanitary  marvel  and  embodies  all  our  latest 
improvements.  Our  richly  illustrated  catalog 
tells  all  about  it.  Our  wonderfully  low  prices  on 
all  sizes  and  generous  terms  of  trial  will  astonish 
you.  We  sell  direct  to  user.  No  agents.  Our 
guarantee  protects  you  on  every  American  Sepa¬ 
rator.  Western  orders  filled  from  Western  points. 
Whether  your  dairy  is  large  or  small,  get  our  great 
offer  and  handsome  free  catalog.  ADDRESS, 


AND  UPWARD 


SENT  ON  TRIAL. 
FULLY 

GUARANTEED. 


AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO.,  bainbb°rU°e!5n.  y, 


6G4 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


May  13, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 


A  PUREBRED  HERD  OF  WORKERS. 

The  Dairy  Testing  Association  in 
Vermont  has  clone  much  to  improve  the 
dairy  herds.  The  robber  cows  are  de¬ 
tected  and  thrown  out.  Many  a  time  a 
dairyman  has  found  that  what  he  called 
his  best  cow  proved  to  be  a  robber.  The 
scales  and  the  Babcock  test  exposed  her. 
Not  only  do  these  test  associations 
throw  out  the  robbers,  but  they  select 
the  best  cows  for  breeding,  and  thus 
enable  a  dairyman  to  improve  his  her  1 


sheep,  the  owner  furnishing  the  power 
and  a  hand  to  catch  and  tie  the  sheep  to 
the  shearing  table.  He  saves  quite  a 
little  in  this  way,  and  has  all  the  shear¬ 
ing  he  can  properly  attend  to.  If  such 
a  person  is  available,  it  is  possibly 
cheaper  than  doing  it  yourself  if  you 
are  short-handed  and  busy  with  farm 
work.  As  you  shear,  pack  the  wool 
tightly  into  old  sacks  and  -—ay  in 

a  dry  place,  preferably  a  well-ventilated 
loft.  And  do  not  forget  to  dip  your 
sheep  at  once  or  as  soon  as  the  weather 
permits;  it  is  the  best  insurance  for  next 
year's  wool  crop.  REUBEN  BRIGHAM. 


by  using  pure  blood  bulls  on  good  cows. 
Here  are  the  figures  from  Brookside 
Farm,  a  herd  of  registered  Jerseys — one 
of  the  White  River  Test  Association: 

My  business  is  making  butter  and  I 
have  some  iigures  for  you  on  last  year's 
work  : 

Pounds  butter  made .  13,896 

Pounds  butter  bought .  2.316 

Pounds  butter  herd  here .  11,580 

Average  per  cow  for  32  cows ....  362 

Pounds  butter  sold .  1 3,2-15 

Receipts  . $4,614.61 

361  boxes  used  to  deliver  cost 
$54.15;  express  paid,  $142.88; 

cost  of  delivery .  197.03 

Net  return  13,255  pounds .  4,417.58 

Less  value  of  butter  that  was 

bought  .  799.02 

Return  from  herd  here . $3,618.56 

Average  return  per  cow  not  count¬ 
ing  skim-milk  or  calf .  $113.08 

The  feed  bill  for  this  year  taking 
all  feeds  at  market  price  from 

our  cow  test  record  is .  1.851.44 

Average  price  received .  0.345 

Cost  per  pound  to  deliver .  0. <11486 

Amount  of  the  consumer's  dollar 

received  here  .  0.9S514 

Butter  was  sold  in  Boston,  Connecticut, 
New  York  City,  New  Jersey  and  some  sent 
to  Philadelphia,  Montclair,  Long  Island,  etc. 
In  the  Summer  sent  to  White  Mountains. 

C.  D.  HAZEN,  JR. 


EARLY  SHEEP  SHEARING. 

In  stocking  a  small  farm  with  a 
flock  of  sheep  one  of  the  first  things  the 
owner  has  to  learn  is  when  and  how  to 
shear  his  sheep.  From  personal  experi¬ 
ence  I  should  say  the  earlier  the  better, 
provided  the  season  is  not  too  late  or  | 
unsettled.  Here  in  Maryland,  a  few  i 
sheared  early,  but  most  of  us  will  wait 
until  the  last  of  April  and  into  May. 
Early  shearing  is  desirable  for  at  least 
two  reasons;  first,  the  wool  is  in  better 
condition  and  has  not  begun  to  peel,  and 
second,  the  sheep  will  fatten  up  much 
sooner  in  the  “undress’'  and  be  more 
ready  for  early  breeding.  This  is  es¬ 
pecially  true  of  ewes  that  have  had 
Winter  lambs.  After  being  fed  a  heavy 
grain  ration  and  closely  confined,  the 
wool  on  such  sheep  starts  to  pull  out 
and  peel  off  much  earlier. 

As  to  shearing  itself,  there  is  no  ques¬ 
tion  as  to  the  advantage  of  the  shearing 
machine  over  the  old-time  hand  shears, 
in  neatness,  closeness  and  saving  of  time 
in  shearing,  and  a  man  having  a  flock 
of  30  or  40  can  easily  afford  to  have 
such  a  machine,  which  can  be  bought 
for  $10  or  $12,  with  little  expense  for 
upkeep  beyond  a  new  knife  blade  or  two 
once  in  awhile,  and  plenty  of  good  ma¬ 
chine  oil.  Anyone  who  can  handle  sheep 
intelligently  can  manage  such  a  machine 
with  a  boy  to  turn  the  crank  and  fur¬ 
nish  power.  Indeed  I  believe  it  would 
pay  the  owner  to  learn  to  do  his  own 
shearing  if  for  nothing  more  than  that 
the  sheep  are  used  to  his  handling.  The 
learning  may  be  a  little  slow  and  tedi¬ 
ous,  but  after  some  practice  he  ought 
to  be  able  to  shear  16  to  26  sheep  in  a 
day  without  too  much  fatigue,  provided 
they  are  in  good  condition.  Good  con¬ 
dition  counts  'for  much,  as  it  takes 
about  three  times  as  long  to  shear  a 
poor  animal  as  it  does  a  fat  one,  and 
“such  a  sight”  as  the  former  is,  be  as 
careful  as  you  may.  The  wool  should 
be  as  free  as  possible  from  dust  and 
dampness. 

Shearing  small  flocks  with  such  a 
machine  is  a  job  many  a  farm  boy  of 
16  or  17  could  undertake  to  advantage, 
as  one  of  my  neighbor’s  sons  has  been 
doing  for  the  past  three  seasons.  He 
spends  his  Saturdays  and  Spring  holi¬ 
days  in  this  way,  charging  10  cents  a 


Maryland. 


THREE  FAMILY  COWS. 

I  wish  to  keep  three  cows  on  my  place 
and  raise  five  or  six  head  of  young  stock 
every  year.  The  milk  from  the  cows  I 
want  for  family  use,  to  feed  calves  and 
make  some  butter.  What  breed  of  cattle 
would  you  recommend  that  would  find  the 
most  ready  market  in  this  section  of  the 
country  and  bring  a  good  price?  I  do  not 
wish  to  get  into  •‘fancy”  stock  raising,  but 
want  to  raise  cows  that  will  bring  a  good 
all-around  return  and  sell  readily.  I  would 
have  no  difficulty  in  buying  good  calves 
from  either  Holstein  or  Jerseys.  x. 

New  Jersey. 

There  is  much  more  in  the  cow  than  in 
the  breed.  Just  because  a  cow  is  a  ‘‘Jer¬ 
sey”  or  a  “Holstein”  it  does  not  follow 
that  she  is  profitable.  In  your  locality  we 
would  like  a  good  Guernsey  grade  of  good 
shape  and  quality. 


I  live  about  12  miles  south  of  Ravenna, 
and  think  some  milk  is  shipped  to  Cleve¬ 
land.  while  there  are  some  cheese  factories 
in  the  vicinity.  In  this  vicinity  most 
farmers  have  hand  separators  and  sell 
cream  to  the  cream  wagons  that  gather  and 
ship  to  the  Arnold  Cream  Co.  in  Cleveland. 
We  are  getting  one  cent  per  pound  less  for 
butter  fat  than  the  price  of  Elgin  butter. 
I  understand  the  Co-operative  Store  for 
farmers  at  Ravenna  is  a  go.  o.  r.  t. 

Atwater,  O. 

The  milk  in  this  section  is  mostly  sold 
to  the  creameries.  A  test  is  made  every 
day  of  each  producer’s  milk,  when  they  are 
paid  according  to  the  test,  and  at  this 
time  the  price  for  one  pound  of  butter  they 
allow  25  cents  per  pound.  If  it  takes  about 
20  pounds  of  milk  to  make  one  pound  of 
butter,  it  would  amount  to  about  1*4  cent 
per  pound  of  milk.  When  the  butter  is 
lower  in  price  they  will  get  less  for  the 
milk,  and  if  butter  is  higher  they  get  more 
in  same  proportion.  L.  h.  s. 

Edenville,  Pa. 


“Bestov”  Milk  Cooler 


The  most  economical  cooler  made.  Cools 
and  aerates  milk  quickly,  and  to  within  two 
degrees  of  the  water  temperature.  All  parts 
touched  by  the  niilk 
are  copper  or  brass, 
tin  coated, and  easily 
taken  apart  for 
cleaning.  Thor¬ 
oughly  well-made 
and  durable.  It  is 
very  reasonable  in 
price.  Send  for 
catalogue  H,  de¬ 
scribing,  with 
prices,  everything 
for  the  dairy. 

DAIRYMENS 
SUPPLY  CO. 

Philadelphia  and 
Lansdowno,  Pa. 


Big  “Champion39  Cooler 

PnAfile  But  say— are  you  getting  them.  The’ 
irl/Illb  big  milk  and  butter  prices  that 
thousands  are  getting  who  are 
using  the  Champion  Milk  Cooler?  If  not,  tell 
us  you  want  to  try  a  “Champion”  free  for  30 
days.  You  hurry  and  buy  when  you  hear 
low  price.  Postcard  brings  free  booklets 
that  explain  everything,  and  please 
send  thut  postcard  NOW. 

Champion  Milk  Cooler  Co 

1  !th  St.,  Cortland.  New  York 


PpftdiTCPrv  tor  New  York  City  market 
l  1  UUULOl  o  desiring  information  how  to 
form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 


DORSET  SHEEP 

A  splendid  lot  of  yearling  rams,  big  strong  fellows, 
tit  for  any  use.  Can  spare  a  moderate  number  of 
choice  ewes  with  lamb  at  side.  The  very  cheapest 
way  to  get  a  start  in  this  breed. 

CHARLES  B.  WING,  Box  23,  Mechanicsburg,  Ohio. 


HORSES 


OH  Perclieron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 

0U  at  farmers’  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Peuna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O. 


TIIE  PEIICTIERON  SOCIETY  OF 
AMERICA 


Has  338  new  members  since  December  1st,  1910, 
exclusive  of  the  137  new  members  added  by 
taking  over  the  Perclieron  Registry  Company, 
Columbus,  Ohio.  More  than  3500  stockholders 
March  15tii,  1911.  The  only  recognized  Perclieron 
record.  Good  pure  bred  mares  will  do  your  farm 
work  and  raise  more  valuable  colts  than  grade 
mares.  For  information  address  WAYNE 
DINS  MORE,  Secretary,  Union  Stock  Yards, 
Chicago,  Ill. 


ERCHERON 

STALLIONS  and  MARES 

Imported  and  liome-brcd.  The  best  lot  ever 
shown  in  this  country.  Quality,  price,  guarantee  right. 
For  30  years  ail  importer  and  breeder  of  prize  winners. 

E  I,  W  O  O  I)  S  .  AKIN 
170  South  Street,  Auburn,  N.  Y. 


You  CAN  Afford  a 

SHARPLES 

TUBULAR  CREAM  SEPARATOR 


Lasts  a  Lifetime 
Guaranteed  Forever 

Delivered,  Free,  At  Your  Home, 
Set  Up  And  Started  For  You, 
Left  With  You  For  Thorough 

FREE  TRIAL 

You  Pay  No  Freight— Pay  Noth¬ 
ing  in  Advance— Do  Not  Haul 
It  — Go  to  No  Trouble — .Take 
No  Responsibility. 

We  make  you  this  un¬ 
usual  offer  so  you  can 
see,  for  yourself,  without 
any  trouble  or  expense, 
that  Dairy  Tubulars  pro¬ 
duce  twice  the  skimming 
force,  skim  faster  and 
twice  as  clean  as  others. 
Contain  no  disks  or  other 
contraptions. 
Repeatedly  pay 
for  themselves  by  saving 
what  others  lose.  The 
World’s  Best.  Later  than, 
different  from,  rapidly  re¬ 
placing  all  others.  Guar¬ 
anteed  forever  by  America’s 
oldest  and  world's  biggest 
separator  concern. 

IIow  can  you  afford  to 
risk  anything  on  any 
'•mail  order”  or  other  (so 
called)  cheap  machine,  the 
average  life  of  which  Is  one 
year?  All  other  separators 
taken  in  part 
payment  for 
new  Tubu¬ 
lars. 

Write  for 
catalogue 
No.  153 

THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO.. 

WEST  CHESTER,  PA. 

Chicago,  III.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Portland,  Ore. 
Toronto,  Can.  Winnipeg,  Can. 


VETERINARY  INSTRUMENTS 


(Trocars,  Hopples,  Impregnators),  for 
Horses,  Cattle,  Swine,  Poultry,  Etc. 
Keceived  only  award  World’s  Fairs 
Chicago,  St.  Louis.  Write  for  Illus¬ 
trated  Catalogue. 

HAUSSMANN  &  DUNN  CO., 

708  So.  Clark  Street,  Chicago,  Illinois 


S’WIKTE 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


LARGE  BERKSHIREvS 

Not  the  cheapest,  but  the  best.  Special  offering  of 
Spring  pigs,  single  or  mated,  l'or  breeding.  Cata¬ 
logue  on  application. 

WILLOUGHBY  FARM,  Gettysburg!!,  Pa. 


DIRT 

out  of  the 

Milk 


You  can’t 
“  strain”  it 
out— keep 
it  out. 

One  milk  pail  and  only  one  will  do  it.  Milk  goes 
through  the  strainer  cloth  into  the  pail,  untainted, 
while  the  dirt  shelf  catches  all  the  dirt  from  the 
udders  and  handling  in  the 

Sterilac  Milk  Pail 

(Try  It  1  0  Days  Free). 

You  will  never  give  it  up  if  you  try  it.  The  only 
sanitary  milking  pail  that  ever  got  the  approval  of 
all  dairymen.  Heavy,  well  made,  the  proper 
height,  just  the  right  set,”  easy  to  pour  milk  out 
of,  easy  to  clean,  and,  above  all,  it  keeps  milk 
pure.  Best  way  to  keep  milk  from  souring,  surest 
way  to  keep  out  of  trouble  with  Boards  of  Health 
anrl  Milk  Commissions.  Piice$2.50.  Ask  your 
dealer.  If  he  hasn’t  it  we  will  send  trial  pail  pre¬ 
paid.  Return  at  our  expense  if  not  satisfactory. 

STERILAC  COMPANY,  &  Merchants  Row,  Boston,  Moss. 


MAY  OFFERING 

of  Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford,  Conn.: 
Fantim’s  Zac  Taylor,  head  of  our  Guernsey  herd, 
is  offered  for  sale  to  avoid  inbreeding:  ns  fine  an 
animal  as  stands  in  U.  S.:  guaranteed  perfect  in 
every  respect.  Also  one  Yeailing  Guernsey  Bull 
sired  by  aboVe-iiamod  bull  afid  from  a  dam  produc¬ 
ing  42  44  pounds  of  milk  per  day,  testing  S.4-5.6. 
Three  Registered  Berkshire  Boars,  models  of  per¬ 
fection  in  form  and  points,  weighing  from  175  to  200 
pounds  each;  seven  monthsold.  Four  unregistered 
but  full-blooded  C.  W.  Boars,  14  monthsold;  all 
magnificent  animals;  must  be  sold  to  make  room. 
Guaranteed  Tuttle  Strain  S.  and  D.  O.  R.  I.  R.  Eggs 
for  hatching,  $1.00  per  15;  $5,00  per  100.  Imperial 
Pekin  Duck  Eggs,  $1.00  peril;  $7.00  per  100.  Two 
Registered  Jersoy  Bull  Calves,  four  to  five  months 
old,  from  heavy  producing  stock  and  Pogis  blood. 


BULLS  FOR  SALE 

We  offer  for  sale  at  our  farm  at  Earl- 
viile,  Madison  County,  New  York: — 

One  Registered  Guernsey  Bull,  age  1  year,  7  mos. 
One  Registered  Brown  Swiss  Bui  I,  age  1  year ,3  mos. 
One  Registered  Brown  Swiss  Bull, age  3  years, 9  mos. 
Add  ress: 

BORDEN’S  CONDENSED  MILK  CO. 
Earlville,  Madison  County,  New  York 

W.  C.  Young,  Snpt. 


Registered  Holstein  Bulls 

bulls  from  one  month  to  18  months  of  ago.  Best  A. 
R.  O.  breeding  and  individuality.  State  your  wants. 

JARVIS  BROS.  ....  Elyereek,  N.  Y. 


LVftrft  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  •  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somerville,  N.  J. 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEI  N-FRl  ESI  AN  ASSN  OF  AMERICA 
F.  L.  HOUGHTON,  SECY.  BOX  1  OS,  BRATTLEBORO.VT. 


Reg.  P.  Chinas,  Berkshires,  C.  Whites. 

Fine,  large  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 
Pups,  Beagles  and  Poultry.  Write  for 
prices  &  circulars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Ercikloun  Pa. 


Robinson’s  HOLSTEINS  are  Producers 

They  are  Tuberculin  Tested.  Forty  just  fresh  and 
that  will  freshen  in  the  next  two  months,  with 
milk  records  from  8,000  to  12,000  lbs.  in  the  last 
year.  V.  D.  ROBINSON,  Edmeston,  N.  Y. 


SPRINGBOK  BERKSHIRES.?^ 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  toser- 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Pioorietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


AilAMUCKY  FARM  HOLSTEINS 

Wo  offer  well  bred  bull  calves  out  of  A.  R.  O. 
dams  at  reasonable  prices.  Send  for  list  before 
placing  your  order.  ALLAMUCHY,  N.  J. 


LARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD-Special  Offering 
of  Service  Boars.  Good  useful  Boars,  $30  to  $40. 
Fancy  Boars  for  the  breeder  and  exhibitor,  $50  and 
up.  They  should  develop  into  800-pound  boars  at 
maturity.  H.  C.  &  H.  B.  HARPENDING,  Dundee,  N.  Y. 


LARGE  YORKSRIRE  PIGS  ST^n°™GHS 

Boars  ready  for  service  May  51.00  EACH 

15, 1911.  Chas.  H.  Emens,  Spring  Hill  Farm,  Binghamton,  N.Y. 


Chester  Whites 


Enquiries  promptly  answered. 
Eugene  T.  Black,  Scio,  N.  Y. 


CHELD0N 

0  Bred 


FARM  registered  Duroes.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNES,  Oxford.  N.  Y. 


HOLSTEIN  BULL  CALVES  gS*®? 

ter  Boy,  G2729.  for  sale  cheap.  OSWEGO  RIVER 
STOCK  FARMS,  Phoenix,  New  York. 


Piirokg  Qinnlf  Form— Registered  Jersey  Bulls 
CUICAd  OlUUK  I  dim  and  Heifers, 0  monthsto  2 
years  old.  Chester  White,  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  Pups  and  a  variety 
of  poultry.  Send  two-cent  stamp  for  circular. 

EDWARD  WALTER.  West  Chester,  Pa. 


Breed  Up-Not  DownT.'r.r 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  It.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


nipp — 8 weeks  old.  Black,  White  or  Red  ones.  $5 
rlUO  each.  CLARK  FARM,  Boonton,  N.  J. 

DUROC  PIGS,  $8.  White  Buff  Rocks  and  Leghorn 
eggs,  $2.  Serene  Wicks,  DeGraff,  Ohio. 


CTERIJNG  HILL  FxlRMS— CHESHIRE 
SWINE— Orders  booked  for  Spring  Pigs  reg¬ 
istered  stock  and  grades;  large  litters  and  best  of 
breeding.  Bigelow  &  Swain,  Ogdensburg,  Sussex  Co.,  N.J. 


Registered  Berkshire  Boar 

5  months  old.  Sired  by  Hope  Farm 
Rex.  Price  $25.00,  crated  F.  O.  B. 

A.  ROGERS,  R.  F.  D.  No.  2,  Lambertville,  N.  J. 

| _ D  Q  <3r  S 

pm  I  1C  PIIPQ— From  imported  stock.  Females 

UULLlL  rUrOcheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 

STe  REGISTERED  COLLIE  PUPS 

WILLOW  BROOK  FARM,  Franklintown,  Pa. 


RED 

POLLED 

CATTLE 


CHOICE  STOCK  OF  EITHER  SEX 

at  SPRINGDALE  FARM 
Prices  reasonable 

E.  J.  ADAMS,  Adams  Basin,  N.  Y- 


LAUREL  FARM  JERSEYS 

breed  regularly,  and  their  calves  live.  Fern’s  Jubi¬ 
lee  still  heads  the  herd.  What  do  you  want? 

Will  also  sell  full  blooded  Morgan  filly,  coming 
2  and  a  beauty,  at  $100. 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N.  V. 


Jersey  Bulls  For  Spring  Service 

From  Son  of  "The  Imported  Jap.”  Dams  are 
Flying  Fox,  Financial  King,  Stoke  Pogis,  and 
Combination  Blood.  Also  Fertile  Eggs  from 
Young’s  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns,  Wrights  W.  Wyan- 
dottes,  and  Tuttle’s  R.  and  S.  C.  R.  I.  Reds,  $100 
per  15,  $5.00  per  100  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

SHELDONCltOFT,  Silver  Lake,  Pa. 
Chas.  B.  Dayton, Supt. 


"Howto  Raise  Calves  Cheaply  and  Successfully  Without  Milk" 

Contains  full  information  and  complete  feeding  directions  for  using 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal — The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute 

Three  or  four  calves  can  be  raised  on  it  at  the  cost  of  one  where  milk  is  fed. 
fVlo  mill  feed  The  only  calf  meal  manufactured  in  an  exclusive  Calf  Meal  Factory 
Established  at  Leicester,  England,  in  1800, 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory,  Waukegan,  Ill. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


o©6 


mil. 

POSSIBILITIES  OF  AN  AGRARIAN  PARTY. 

Ou  page  547  the  writer  dealt  with  the 
political  situation  as  affected  by  the  politi¬ 
cian  class,  and  the  resulting  policy  of  the 
Democratic  party  iu  Congress.  In  the  edi¬ 
torial  of  the  same  issue  appeared  a  para¬ 
graph  from  which  I  make  the  following 
quotation  :  “The  Democrats  are  now  work¬ 
ing  and  studying  to  gain  the  confidence  of 
the  country  and  elect  a  President,  it  is 
safe  to  say  that  they  never  can  do  it  unless 
they  make  parcels  post  a  supreme  Issue  and 
either  pass  a  bill  or  pledge  themselves  to 
do  so.” 

The  passage  quoted  is  of  great  import¬ 
ance,  since  nothing  is  easier  than  to  pre¬ 
dicate  that,  because  a  movement  is  likely 
to  receive  the  support  of  a  large  voting 
bony,  it  will  therefore  be  enacted  into  law, 
and  its  supporters  be  triumphantly  elected 
to  office,  in  a  letter  to  Congressman  Dris¬ 
coll  upon  this  point,  Mr.  Ditchings  took  a 
similar  position.  Herein,  I  believe,  both  the 
editor  and  Mr.  Ditchings  fell  into  a  com¬ 
mon  error. 

In  reviewing  the  nolitical  history  of  this 
country,  one  fact  which  ought  to  impress 
itself  upon  the  mind  of  the  farmer,  is  the 
frequency  with  which  political  movements 
dealing  with  his  interests  have  met  with 
failure.  Among  them  we  have  the  Green¬ 
back  movement  of  the  early  eighties.  After 
that  came  the  Farmers’  Alliance  of  1890, 
followed  iu  1890  by  the  grand  coalition  of 
the  Populists,  Free  Silverites  and  Radical 
democracy.  Among  other  defects  which  in¬ 
hered  in  the  movements  mentioned,  I  need 
but  note  the  gradual  broadening  out  of  the 
lines  so  as  to  embrace  within  the  platform 
too  many  and  diverse  conflicting  elements. 
This  was  particularly  the  case  in  the  move¬ 
ment  of  the  Free  Silver  demand  of  1890. 
Along  with  many  real  grievances,  came 
the  demand  on  the  part  of  the  mining  in¬ 
terests  for  a  better  market  for  their  pro¬ 
duct;  this  was  mingled  with  a  stringent 
financial  situation  which  bore  hard  upon  the 
farmer,  and  caused  him  to  .lend  a  ready 
ear  to  the  silverite ;  then  came  the  poli¬ 
tician  with  his  wily  devices  for  the  gaining 
of  political  power,  and  the  movement  be¬ 
came  topheavy  and  eventually  broke  down 
and  disintegrated.  A  dramatic  display  of 
stump  oratory,  a  crushing  political  defeat, 
and  then  the  farmer's  demands  for  redress 
received  a  setback  for  20  years  or  more. 
The  occasion  mentioned  has  formed  the 
most  striking  example  of  the  history  of 
movements  of  this  kind,  and  every  farmer 
can  study  it,  and  reflect  upon  it  with  profit. 

A  supreme  danger  to  all  movements  of 
this  kind,  is  the  intrusion  of  the  outsider, 
the  political  ax-bearer,  the  man  of.  small 
views  and  the  demagogue  who  has  no  in¬ 
terests  beyond  a  desire  to  get  into  office  to 
connect  him  with  the  class  which  he  pro¬ 
fesses  to  represent.  It  is  tills  class  of 
political  reptiles  without  real  interest  in 
the  public’  welfare,  without  scruple,  char¬ 
acter  or  brains,  such  men  as  lead  both 
parties  in  Congress,  as  will  weigh  down 
and  destroy  any  movement  for  the  redress 
of  grievances.  Such  men  are  the  enemies 
of  the  farmer  and  of  the  public  order  and 
well-being.  Then  we  have  the  danger  of 
too  broad  an  extension  of  party  lines, 
which  results  in  the  embracing  of  diverse 
and  conflicting  elements.  Unou  the  occlu¬ 
sion  of  such  support  the  movement  becomes 
weighted  down,  loses  direction  and  peters 
out. 

At  this  point,  let  us  consider  the  or¬ 
ganization  of  the  German,  or  rather,  the 
Prussian  agrarians.  Strictly  speaking,  this 
is  an  organization  of  landowners,  as  busi¬ 
ness  men,  for  the  promotion  of  the  interests 
of  their  class.  All  nominations  made  for 
office  are  selections  from  men  of  their  own 
class  and  occupation.  Against  the  dema¬ 
gogue  of  the  market  nlace.  the  ax-bearing 
politician  and  the  office-seeking  attorney, 
the  gates  of  admission  are  kept  strictly 
barred.  The  party  is  numerically  smaller 
than  several  others  of  the  empire,  but  it 
greatly  exceeds  any  of  them  individually  in 
influence  and  power. 

Let  us  suppose  we  had  a  similar  body  in 
the  United  States.  Its  management  would 
be  centered  in  the  hands  of  men  who  would 
be  of  tlie  land-owning  class,  and  therefore 
stable,  conservative  and  trustworthy.  They 
would  combine  with  such  other  groups  as 
would  be  men  who,  above  all  else,  would 
understand  their  own  occupation  and  its 
needs.  They  would  combine  with  such  other 
groups  as  their  class  interests  would  dic¬ 
tate,  and  by  reason  of  the  cohesion  and 
solidarity  of  their  voting  body,  they  would 
be  able  to  resist  aggression  from  other  and 
hostile  interests. 

Let  us  treat  at  this  point  the  question 
of  parcels  post.  Primarily  it  interests  two 
classes — the  farmers  and  the  consumers, 
but  among  the  latter  in  particular,  the 
laboring  element.  To  the  former  it  would 
bring  a  readier  market,  insuring  him  a 
fairer  profit  for  his  goods ;  to  the  latter  it 
would  insure  a  supply  of  material  and  pro¬ 
duce  free  from  profits  of  several  inter¬ 
mediaries. 

After  a  study  of  its  conduct  in  Congress, 
my  belief  is  that  the  Democratic  party 
will  not,  as  an  organization,  assume  the 
responsibility  either  of  lowering  the  tariff 
materially,  or  of  enacting  a  parcels  post 
law.  These  two  measures  must,  therefore, 
be  regarded  as  shelved  indefinitely.  We 
can  see  them  making  all  sorts  of  faces  to 
attract  the  attention  of  the  galleries,  and 
sparring  for  political  advantage,  but  so  far 
as  serious  intentions  go,  the  Democratic 
organization  is  as  far  from  redressing  the 
farmer’s  grievances  as  its  adversary.  We 
can  well  gauge  the  fear  with  which  the 
Democrats  regard  a  heavy  campaign  con¬ 
tribution  -which  the  express  companies 
would  make  to  protect  their  interests.  That 
is  an  important  factor  in  the  minds  of 
both  parties  and,  therefore,  so  far  as  the 
present  situation  goes,  parcels  post  will  not 
elect  any  President  in  1912.  The  real  need 
of  the  hour,  is  the  organization  of  an 
American  Agrarian  party,  on  the  same  lines 
as  that  in  Germany.  Such  a  movement,  if 
successfully  accomplished,  would  break 
down  the  peculiar  power  of  both  old  par¬ 
ties.  We  might  then  expect  that  this  would 
be  followed  by  the  organization  of  a 
stable  group  of  the  laboring  element,  which 
from  the  standpoint  of  interest,  has  much 
m  common  with  the  farmer.  Other  groups 
would  be  similarly  formed,  and  in  this 
situation  by  a  combination  of  groups 
which  would  predominate,  a  parcels  post 
law  could  be  enacted,  e.  c.  tokstexson. 


Methods  of  Separating  Milk. 

When  using  a  separator  is  it  all  right 
to  pour  lint  water  in  the  milk  to  warm 
it  as  the  first  milking  gets  cold  before  I 
finish  milking  the  last  cows?  Can  you 
make  it  too  warm?  We  are  selling  to  the 
creamery,  and  which  is  the  most  money 
in,  making  the  cream  thick,  thin,  or  me¬ 
dium?  We  are  selling  ours  thick  as  we 
have  more  skim-milk  to  use,  but  wondered 
which  was  the  best  way.  t.  j.  p. 

Skowhegan,  Me. 

It  would  be  better  to  set  your  milk 
pails  in  a  tub  or  tank  of  warm  water  to 
keep  up  the  temperature  until  you  are 
ready  to  separate.  For  best  results 
skim  at  about  90°  F.  Some  separators 
will  not  skim  clean  when  skimming  a 
rich  cream;  but  if  your  machine  is  a 
good  one  it  will  pay  you  better  to  pro¬ 
duce  a  thick  cream  (at  least  30  per  cent 
butter  fat).  Be  careful  to  keep  up  the 
speed  and  do  not  crowd  the  milk  through 
too  quickly.  By  testing  your  skim-milk 
occasionally  you  can  tell  if  there  is  any 
waste  in  separating.  c.  s.  m. 


Garget. 

A  few  weeks  ago  I  wrote  you  for  advice 
In  regard  to  a  cow  which  had  trouble  with 
one  of  her  teats.  You  advised  me  to  call  a 
veterinarian.  Do  said  the  cow  was  troubled 
with  cowpox  at  the  point  of  her  teat.  lie 
opened  up  the  teat  and  gave  us  a  tube  to 
Insert.  lie  also  told  us  to  wash  the  teat 
with  peroxide  and  alcohol,  and  gave  us  an 
ointment.  We  followed  directions,  kept  tire 
teat  and  tube  very  clean.  The  first  few 
days  the  milk  flowed  from  the  tube,  but 
later  the  teat  became  swollen,  the  milk  re¬ 
fused  to  flow  and  it  is  now  very  difficult  to 
get,  comes  out  in  form  of  yellow  cheese,  has 
a  disagreeable  odor,  and  when  I  massage 
the  udder  it  makes  a  gurgling  sound.  Cow 
refuses  to  eat.  m.  s. 

New  York. 

As  is  so  apt  to  happen  in  such  cases,  the 
udder  has  become  infected  and  the  quarter 
no  doubt  will  lie  lost.  We  take  it  that  in¬ 
fection  had  started  before  the  cutting  was 
done,  but  the  milking  tube  is  most  likely  to 
introduce  the  infective  germs.  Iu  such 
cases  we  prefer  to  cut  out  the  sore  at  end 
of  teat,  then  allow  the  milk  to  stream  or 
drip  away  as  It  forms,  instead  of  using  a 
milking  tube.  Besides  this  the  teat  has  to 
be  soaked  twice  daily  in  a  warm  saturated 
solution  of  boric  acid.  Treat  the  cow  for 
garget,  as  so  often  advised  here.  a.  s.  a. 


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A  guaranteed  cure  for  Galls,  Sore  Shoulders  and 
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COUCH,  DISTEMPER  ^1  IOC 
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The  Standard  Veterinary  Remedy. 


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DEATH  TO  HEAVES 

The  first  or  second  $1.00  can  cures  Heaves.  The  third 
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Before  After  bottle,  delivered.  Book  1  E  free, 
ABSOBBINE,  JK.,  liniment  for  mankind.  For 
Synovitis,  Strains,  Gouty  or  Rheumatic  Deposits, 
Swollen,  Painful  Varicose  Veins.  Allays  Fain. 
Will  tell  you  more  if  you  write.  $1  and  $2  per  bottle 
at  dealers  or  delivered.  Manufactured  only  by 
W.F.Y0UNG,  P.D.F.  88  Temple  St., Springfield,  Mass. 


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KENDALLS  CURE 


—-has  saved  thousands  of  dollars 
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For  sale  at  all  druggists.  Price  _ 

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free  at  druggists  or  write  to  l)r.  B.  J.  KENDALL, 
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Quinn’s  Ointment 

*iloea  for  the  horse  what  no  other  remedy  can  do. 
There’s  nota  curb,  splint, spavin,  wind  puff  orbuuch 
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At  all  druggists  or  sent  by  mail.  Testimonials  free. 

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GREEN  MOUNTAIN  SILOS 

Write  TODAY  for  Booklet  to 
CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MANUFACTURING  CC 
338  West  St.,  Rutland,  Vt. 


have  a  10  year  reputation  for  strength  ami  efficiency. 
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Because  it  bus  an  adjustable  door 
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Because  doors  can  be  unlocked,  moved 
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Write  for  catalogue  describing  tho 
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i  L\y 


the  rural  new-yorkee 


May  13, 


The  Henyard. 


RHEUMATISM  OR  “PLAYED  OUT.” 

Can  Mr.  Cosgrove  tell  me  what  ails  my 
hens,  and  the  remedy?  They  are  White 
Wyandottes,  1910  pullets,  are  good  layers. 
Some  of  them  seem  weak  in  their  legs,  do 
not  want  to  stand  up  long.  Feed  has  been 
bran,  cornmeal,  wheat,  oats,  corn ;  oyster 
shells  kept  by  them.  G.  L. 

Bangor,  Me. 

When  this  trouble  appears  in  full 
grown  fowls  it  may  be  rheumatism; 
this  may  be  •  determined  by  feeling  the 
legs.  If  they  are  hot  and  the  joints 
swollen,  it  is  rheumatism,  but  it  is  more 
likely  to  be  a  spinal  trouble  and  incur¬ 
able.  It  is  inherited  from  the  breeding 
stock.  I  should  buy  eggs  from  some 
breeder  whose  birds  did  not  show  this 
trouble,  and  send  all  my  eggs  to  market. 
I  bought  a  beautiful  cock  bird  and 
mated  him  with  eight  hens  in  pen  No.  3. 
He  was  a  strong,  vigorous  looking  bird, 
broad  backed,  stout  legs,  very  white,  and 
I  was  proud  of  him.  One  day  the  cock 
in  pen  No.  2  dodged  past  me  as  I  was 
feeding  them  and  rushed  for  No.  3,  and 
before  I  could  catch  him  they  had  gone 
around  the  pen  three  or  four  times.  I 
threw  No.  2  back  in  his  own  pen  and 
he  was  as  strong  and  full  of  fight  as 
ever.  The  other,  the  beautiful  bird,  was 
not  able  to  stand  on  his  feet,  and  when 
he  did  get  up  tottered  around  like  a 
drunken  man.  He  had  no  stamina;  the 
stock  had  been  bred  in  too  long.  My 
bird,  smaller  in  size,  could  have  whipped 
a  dozen  of  the  other.  This  fighting  in¬ 
stinct  is  nature’s  sure  way  of  keeping  up 
the  stock.  There  would  have  been  no 
indication  to  me  that  No.  3  was  not  tit 
to  breed  from  had  it  not  been  for  that 
accidental  fight.  Leg  weakness  is  quite 
frequently  seen  in  rapid  growing  young 
stock,  and  feeding  bone  meal  helps  to 
overcome  it,  and  might  to  C.  L.  N.  s 
birds.  The  feeding  is  all  right,  but  I 
should  add  to  the  dry  mash  about  one- 
tenth  bone  meal.  Charcoal  should  be 
fed,  too;  it  is  a  very  efficient  agent  in 
cleansing  the  intestines. 

GEO.  A.  COSGROVE. 


Some  Maine  Hens. 

On  page  472  vou  say  “Sail  in  and  make 
the  hens  look  like  30  cents.”  Here  is  the 
record  for  17  Barred  Plymouth  Rock  hens 
and  their  progeny  to  date:  On  hand  Jan¬ 
uary  1,  1910,  17  three-year-old  hens,  one 
cock ;  four  hens  killed  by  dog  in  March, 
1910  The  13  raised  84  chickens,  4J  pul¬ 
lets,  35  cockerels;  21  of  these  were  from 
52  eggs  bought. 

Eggs  from  old  hens  to  Nov.  1.827.04 
Eggs  from  pullets  to  Dec.  31.  21.47 
Dressed  chickens  sold  and 

used  . 

Hens  and  cockerels  sold....  16-52 

47  pullets  at  $1-25 .  08.^0 

One  cockerel  . $141.52 

Eggs  bought  for  hatching..  80.85 
Grain ‘and  feed,  one  year...  08. JO 

Four  hens  killed . . .  4.00 

13  pullets  to  replace  hens...  13-00  ?5 

854.77 

Here  is  the  record  of  the  47  pullets  to 
date  inclusive:  Eight  of  these  were 

hatched  April  1,  22  from  April  20  to  May 
2-  17  from  May  18  to  June  0.  1  he  eight 

began  laying  August  27  and  laid  204  eggs 
to  January  1,  and  part  of  them  moulted 
during  that  time.  The  22  began  October 

1  and  laid  280  eggs.  The  1<  began  Decem¬ 
ber  1  and  laid  100  eggs,  both  to  January 
1  The  47  laid  in  January  4o8,  February 
445,  March  079  and  38  of  them  laid  218 
from  April  1  to  8  inclusive.  These  pullets 
were  raised  in  movable  colony  wire  coops, 
12x0x3  feet ;  were  kept  in  them  till  No- 
vember  1,  and  then  moved  into  the  hen- 
house  where  the  windows  have  been  kept 
open  except  in  extremely  cold  weather.  I 
have  never  had  a  sick  bird  and  the  only 
ones  to  die  are  two  killed  for  egg  eating 
.  and  they  dressed  six  pounds  each. 

Eggs  laid  from  January  1  to  March 

1,  1910,  1315-6  dozen  at  3oc . $46.12 

Grain  and  feed  three  months .  21.40 


For  feed  they  have  been  given 
morning  one  quart  of  oats  and  two  of 
cracked  corn,  shaken  into  a  litter  ot  oat 
straw.  That  is  all  the  whole  grain  they 
have  had  for  the  day.  A  dry  mash  made 
from  the  formula  of  the  Maine  Experiment 
Station  (with  the  linseed  oil  meal  left  out) 
has  been  kept  before  them  all  the  time. 
Sour  milk  and  table  scraps  every  two  or 
three  days;  sprouted  oats  every  day;  grit, 
oyster  shells  and  fresh  water  all  the  time. 
Maine  State  Experiment  Station  formula  : 
200  pounds  wheat  bran;  100  pounds  In¬ 
dian  meal;  100  pounds  gluten;  100  pounds 
middlings,  100  pounds  beef  scraps;  100 
pounds  linseed  meal.  This  lasts  me  for  4  i 
pullets  and  two  cocks  just  two  months. 

Maine.  william  dickey. 

Leghorns,  Reds  and  Light  Brahmas. 

I  have  90  White  Leghorns.  30  R.  I.  Reds, 
and  13  Light  Brahmas,  with  four  pullets 
too  young  to  lay  and  seven  roosters,  mak¬ 
ing  144.  I  feed  the  following:  In  the 
morning  10  quarts  of  potatoes  boiled  and 
mashed  with  wheat  bran,  strictly  coarse 
wheat  bran,  and  two  quarts  of  lialf-and-  , 
half  oats  and  corn  chop,  thoroughly  mixed 
in  the  potatoes  while  boiling  hot.  this  mash 
is  always  made  the  day  before  and  stands 
over  night.  At  noon  1  feed  five  pounds  of 
whole  wheat  and  at  night  15  pounds  of 
shelled  corn.  They  have  a  feed  of  cooked 
horse  meat  or  ground  bone  twice  a  week, 
and  grit  before"  them  all  the  time.  The 
Leghorns  have  a  runway  of  two  rods  by 
15  rods  and  the  Reds  the  same,  the  Brah¬ 
mas  have  free  range ;  three  of  the  L.  B. 
are  old  hens,  the  rest  pullets  hatched  in 
April  and  May ;  the  Reds,  six  old  hens 


and  24  pullets  hatched  in  April,  May  and 
June;  the  Leghorns,  25  old  hens  and  65 
pullets,  hatched  in  April  and  May.  The 
Leghorns  and  Reds  have  hardly  been  out¬ 
side  their  yards  since  September,  and  had 
scarcely  any  green  feed.  They  have  deep 
straw  litter,  have  an  open  front  house  12 
feet  by  40  feet,  with  corrugated  iron  roof, 
a  strip  of  two  by  four  inch  wire  mesh,  four 
feet  wide  the  entire  length  of  thy  front, 
facing  south  with  outside  drop  curtain ; 
front  is  six  feet,  back  four  feet  high,  sin¬ 
gle  board  sides  and  wire  partition.  Their 
record  from  March  15  to  31  inclusive  is  as 
follows  :  White  Leghorns,  874  ;  R.  I.  Reds, 
261 ;  Light  Brahmas,  128,  making  1,263 
eggs  for  the  15  days. 

Ohio.  NELLIE  L.  HAMMOND. 


Profitable  Farm  Flocks. 

As  you  wanted  to  know  the  net  profit  on 
a  farm  from  lions,  I  inclose  a  statement  for 
the  first  three  months  for  this  year :  I 
have  88  hens  and  three  roosters.  January 
31,  43  dozen,  total  1,290,  feed  $9.40,  net 
$3.50;  February  28.  66  dozen,  total  l;478, 
feed  $11.05,  net  $3.73;  March  31.  103  6-12 
dozen,  total  1.978,  feed  $8.46,  net  $11.32; 
net  gain  $18.55. 

No  count  on  credit  is  given  for  broken 
or  eggs  used  in  the  house.  I  feed  wheat 
in  hopper,  cracked  corn  at  night  and  a 
mash  at  noon.  Feed  is  still  too  high  for 
good  profit.  I  can  get  oatmeal  from  Chi¬ 
cago  for  less  per  100  pounds  than  wheat 
screenings  here.  Eggs  have  dropped  to 
15  cents  per  dozen,  and  it  does  not  look 
as  they  are  going  to  stop  there,  d.  ii.  h. 
Wisconsin.  _ 

Having  read  the  account  by  R.  C.  Free¬ 
man  about  his  chickens  I  herewith  give  you 
the  following  facts :  We  have  16  White 
Rose  Comb  Leghorns  and  one  cock  raised 
from  eggs  from  our  own  stock  last  Spring. 
We  kept  a  record  of  the  eggs  laid  since 
January  1,  1911  and  here  it  is:  January, 
254  eggs :  February.  234 :  March.  349 ; 
April.  9  days,  99.  Our  chicken  house  un¬ 
fortunately  faces  north  and  certainly  is  a 
cold  spot  in  the  Winter  months.  Long 
Island  Sound  to  the  north  and  Flushing 
Bay  to  the  south.  While  we  try  to  give 
them  good  care  I  am  free  to  confess  Mr. 
Freeman’s  chickens  get  much  better  atten¬ 
tion.  I  would  say  we  keep  chickens  in  ad¬ 
dition  to  having  a  supply  of  fresh  eggs 
for  our  table  for  the  pleasure  it  affords  us. 
New  York.  w.  F.  b. 

SAVE  HALF  Your 
Paint  Bills 

By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT — proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 
Only  Paint  endorsed  by  the  “Grange.” 
Made  in  all  colors, — for  all  purposes. 
DELIVERED  FREE. 

From  the  Mill  Direct  to  You  at  Factory  Prices. 

INGERSOLL  PAINT  BOOK  — FREE 

Tells  all  about  Paint  and  Painting  for  Durability. 
How  to  avoid  trouble  and  expense  caused  by  paintg 
fading,  chalking  and  peeling.  Valuable  information 
free  to  you.  with  Sample  Color  Cards.  Write  me.  DC 
IT  NOW.  I  can  save  you  money. 

0.  W.  Inqersoll,  24B  Plymouth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.V. 

BULLETIN  33 

Containing  the  complete  farm  uses  of  Avenarius 
Oarbolineum  will  be  mailed  free  Upon  request. 
Country  Gentleman  says:  “  Every  reader  should 
have  it.”  The  entire  agricultural  press  endorses 
its  use,  as  does  the  United  States-  Department  of 
Agriculture. 

OARBOLINEUM  WOOD  PRESERVING  CO. 

181  Franklin  St.,  New  York.  N.Y. 


Positively  Cured 
By  Using  ..... 


Calf  Scours 

OREL  OLL 

No  Failures  Guaranteed 

Also  the  only  known  remedy  for 
WHITE  DIARRHOEA  in  poultry. 
Caledonia  Chemical  Co.,  Caledonia,  N.  Y. 


SCAB— Cured 
CHOLERA— Prevented 

BY  THE  USE  OF 

MINOR’S  FLUID 

SHEEP  AND  HOG 

D  I  P 

Kills  ticks,  lice,  etc. 

Cures  mange,  scurvy 

The  W.  E.  Minor  Disinfectant  Co. 

1518  Columbus  Rd.  Cleveland,  O 


Kills  All  Ticks 

ONE  DIPPING 


— >64  years  experience  prove  truth  of  this 
statement.  Every  tick  and  nit  absolutely 
destroyed  if  you  use 

Cooper  Dip 

The  only  dip  that  kills  ALL  ticks  In  ONE  dipping — 
Cooper's  is  surescab destroyer.  Increases  growth 
and  improves  quality  of  wool .  Perfect  skin  tonic. 
Results  considered  ischeapestdip  on  market.  Used 
on  800  million  sheep  annually.  Handsome  Calen¬ 
dar  and  booklet  free  if  you  mention  this  paper. 

Prices:  85  gal.  pkt.  50c  100  gai.  pkt.  $1.75 

Ask  your  druggist  or  write 

SCHIEFFELIN  &  CO. 
l170  Williams  Street  New  York  City  . 


THE  BOSS  CREAM  RAISER 

will  raise  the  cream 
between  milkings  and 
give  you  sweet  skim 
milk  for  house  and 
stock.  lee  not  necessa¬ 
ry ,  cold  well  or  spring 
water  will  do  the 
work.  No  skimming, 
noerocksand  pans  to 
handle.  TEN  DAYS 
FREE  TRIAL.  Price 
$3.25  and  up.  50.000 
of  these  machines  in  use  today.  Send  for  Free  Catalog. 

BLUFFTON  CREAM  SEPARATOR  CO.  BOX  M,  BLUFFTON.  0. 


rwm 

The  Weather  Breaks 
Down  More  Wagons  Than  Weight  Does 

Rain  soaks  in  around  the  spokes:  it  freezes 
and  expands  with  a  force  iron  can’t  hold.  Water- 
soaked  joints  rot:  cracks  widen  and  deepen. 
Good  paint,  made  of 


ii 


Dutch  Boy  Painter” 
White  Lead 


and  pure  linseed  oil,  makes  wagonsweather proof. 

It  gets  into  every  pore  and  seam,  it  sticks 
and  wears  as  no  other  paint  does. 

Keep  your  wagons  painted  with  pure  white 
lead  and  cut  out  repair  bills  and  cost  of  new 
wagons. 

You  will  find  all  panting  questions  answered 
in  our  “Helps  No.  1708  which  we  will  gladly 
send  upon  request. 

NATIONAL  LEAD  COMPANY 

New  York  Cleveland  Chicago 
St.  Louis  Boston  Buffalo 
Cincinnati  San  Francisco 
I  John  T.  Lewis  A  Bros.  Co. 

Philadelphia 

‘  National  Ixad  and  Oil  Co. 

Pittsburgh 


MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  ■  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1844 
II.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill,  N.  Y 

Eleven  First  Frizes 

At  leading  Poultry  Shows,  Indian  Runner  Ducks  and 
Rouen  Ducks.  Madison  Square  Garden  Winners  our  Rose- 
emnb  Black  Minorcas  won  Silver  Cup  at  Paterson,  and 
Barred  Plymouth  Rocks.  All  eggs  $2.00  per  15.  $3.50  pei-30, 

$8  per-100.  Also  pure  bred  Angora  Goats  and  Collie  Dogs, 
$10  and  up.  CLARK  FARM,  BOONTON,  N.  J. 

S,  C,  W,  LEGHORN 

Breeding  Hens  at  lowptice  to  make  room.  Also 
promising  Cockerels  cheap  in  quantities.  Also  R  1. 
Reds.  Eggs  for  hatching  St.  Moritz  Farm,  Ramsey,  N.J. 

CINE  QUALITY  ORPINGTONS,  black  and  white.  Owens’ 

■  and  Cook’s  strains.  $2  and  $3  per  sitting.  $10 
per  100.  REV.  J.  D.  GRAHAM  Lyonsvi lie.  Mass. 

Indian  Runner  Ducks,  S,  C.  White  Leghorns 

Eggs  for  Hatching.  Send  for  Circular. 

F.  J.  FULLER,  Waterport,  Orleans  County,  New  York 

WILD  AND  BRONZE  TDRKEY  EGGS-Chicken  Eggs.  Hand- 

*» -  some  Catalog  2  ct- 

stamp,  showing  pure  wild  gobbler  from  the  moun¬ 
tain.  VALLEY  VIEW  POULTRY  FARM,  Belleville,  Pa. 

'THOROUGH-BRED  POULTRY— Best  twenty  varieties. 

A  Good  stock.  Eggs.  15,  $1;  40,  $2.  Catalogue. 
II.  K.  MOHR,  Ouakertown,  Pa.,  Route  3. 

Golden  &  Silver  Laced  Wyandottes  15^fs- 

Best  egg  strain.  Swart  Mercantile  Co..  Margaretvilie,  N.Y, 

Pfllll  TRYMPM~Send  10  cents  for  our  fine  60- 
I  U  U  L  1  Tl  1  III  Lll  page  Illustrated  Catalogue. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS.  Marietta,  Pa. 

WYOKOFF-BLANCHARD  strains  Single-Comb 
White  Leghorns,  $1.25  setting.  Heavy  laying 
Rose-Comb  Black  Minorcas,  $1.50  setting.  Circular. 
HIGH  RIDGE  POULTRY  FARM,  Laurel.  Md. 

PRIZE  WINNING  STRAINS  !  ^,ae 

dottes,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  both  combs,  Single 
Comb  White  and  Brown  Leghorns,  eggs  $1.50,  15; 
$7.00,  100.  Light  and  Dark  Brahmas.  $2.00,  15.  Cat¬ 
alog  gratis.  F.  M.  PRESCOTT,  Riverdale,  N.  J. 

IA/HITE  EGG  STRAIN  INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS-Thqr- 

»w  ouglibred,  vigorous  birds.  Wonderful  layers 
of  large  white  eggs;  mated  with  imported  drakes, 
well  marked,  fawn  and  white:  $2.00  for  15;  Buff 
Orpingtons,  $1.50  for  15.  Liberal  discount  for  incu¬ 
bator  eggs.  Cherry  Hill  Farms,  Pittstown.  N.J. 

Barred  Plymouth  Rock  2KX,n  ftSE 

raised  birds.  Great  laying  strain.  $1.25  per  15; 
$4.50  per  100.  CHAS.  T.  DOWNING,  West  Chester,  Pa. 

SPECIAL  OFFER— White  Rock  Eggs.  $1  15:  $5  ft  100. 

Partridge  Cochin  Eggs.  $1.25  15:  $6.00  it  100. 

Partridge  Wyandotte  Eggs.  $1.00  ft  15;  $5.00  ^  100. 
Barred  Rock  Eggs.  $1.25  ft  15;  $7.00  ^  100. 

Fresh  eggs  from  good  stock,  free  range  and  healthy. 

Circular  prices  hold  on  your  choice  of  matings. 
MINCII  BROS.,  R-Si,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

Oft  KGGS  $1.00 — Leading  varieties.  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
ZU  try,  Pigeons, Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Large  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 

1JABY  CHICKS — Single  Comb  White  Leghorns, 

,  Rose  Comb  Rhode  Island  Reds,  7c  and  9c  each. 
Strong  and  livable.  From  vigorous  free  range  stock, 
bred  for  utility  and  standard  qualities.  Safe  delivery 
guaranteed.  WESLEY  GRINNELL,  Sodus,  N.  Y. 

UPRIGHT’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTE  WINNERS-Eggs,  $4.51 
11  for  100.  Baby  Chix,  $12.50  for  100;  $7.00  for  50. 
GRAND  VIEW  FARM,  Stanfordville,  N.  Yr. 

EGGS 


RICHLAND  FARMS. 

Breeders  and  Exhibitors 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS, 

WHITE  PLYMOUT  H  ROCKS, 

S.  C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS. 


from  high  record  W.  P.  Rock  Hens,  $2 
for  15,  $5  for  45.  Incubator  eggs  $6  per 
100.  A.  S.  BRIAN,  Mt.  Kisco,  N.  Y. 


EGGS — $1  pur  15,  $2  per  *10  of  Thor.  Brahma?.  Rocks,  Wyan¬ 
dottes,  Reds,  MJ  no  reus,  Houduns,  Leghorns,  Hani  burgs:  19  var., 
28  years’  experience.  Catalogue.  S.  K.  Mohr,  Coopers  burg,  Pa. 

WHITE  WYANDOTTES  EXCLUSIVELY 

Free  range,  extra  good  winter  laying  strain,  $1.00  per 
15  eggs;  $5.00  per  100.  F.  CYRUS  TWINING,  Pinevilie,  Pa. 

THE  FARMER’S  FOWL— R  ose  Comb  J?.eds,  best  winter 
I  layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 

Farmers  and  Poultrymen. 

You  must  not  blame  us  if  occasionally  our  en¬ 
thusiasm  bubbles  over  when  speaking  of  our  cus¬ 
tom  hatching  department  as  carried  on  by  our 
experts  in  our  mammoth  hot  water  incubator. 
Results  are  showing  people  all  over  the  country 
that  wo  know  our  business  by  saving  them  time, 
worry  and  money,  and  giving  them  stronger  chicks 
than  the  old  hen  or  kerosene  oil  fume  incubators 
ever  did.  You  send  us  the  eggs— we’ll  do  the  rest- 
do  it  right  and  send  you  the  chicks.  Write  for  in¬ 
formation  and  prices,  anyway. 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM,  Millerton,  N.  Y. 


HATCHING  EGGS 
Haif  Price  After  May  1st. 

S.-C.  White  Leghorns. 
One  Setting.  15  eggs  $1.00 
Two  Settings,  30  eggs. .  1.75 

One  hundred  eggs .  4.00 

One  thousand  eggs . 35.00 

White  Plymouth  Rocks 
&  S.  O.  Black  Orpingtons 
1  Setting,  15  eggs,$l  .25  &$2.50 

100  eggs... . $7.00 & $14.00 

Fertility  Guaranteed. 
RICHLAND  FARMS, 


BABY  CHICKS. 
100  or  less,  each. ...15c 
500  or  more,  each  12J^c 
White  Plymouth 
Rocks  &  S.  C.  Black 
Orpingtons. 

100  or  less,  each.. ..25c 
We  guarantee  safe 
arrival  of  chicks  in 
first-class  condition. 
Frederick,  Md . 


ARE  BETTER 
t  h  a  n  ever. 
Eggs  from  our 


Bonnie  Brae  White  Leg 
horns  and  Pekin  Ducks  sfHHi 

ready;  also  some  choice  matings  of  Barred  and 
White  Plymouth  Rocks,  Rose  Comb  White  Leg¬ 
horns,  White  Wyandottes,  Single  and  Rose  Comb 
Rhode  Island  Reds,  Light  Brahmas,  Mammoth 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Pearl  Guinea  Fowl.  Orders 
for  early  settings  and  baby  chicks  now  booked. 
Get  some  prize  matings  at  right  prices.  BONNIE 
BRAE  POULTRY  FARM,  NEW  ROCHELLE,  N.  Y.  Largest 
successful  plant  in  New  York  vicinity.  10,000-egg 
capacity.  Agents  for  Cyphers  Incubator  Company. 
Correspondence  invited. 

LAKEHILL  FARM 

YV.  H.  T’HACHER. 

Single  and  Rose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W.  P.  Rocks 
and  Imp.  Pekin  Lucks.  Cockerels  and  Lucks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  in' any  quantity  from  up. 
Chicks.  $)5:per  100.  Ducklings,  $25  per  100.  Write 
for  specia!  prices  in  large  lots.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  ol  batching  eggs  and  day  old  chicks 
and  du'ck'lings.  Safe  delivery  and  satisfaction 
guaranteed.  CARL  W.  LLOYD,  Mgr., 

Hillside.  Westchester  County.  N.  Y. 

Buff,  Wh.  Leoliorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  S.  C.  R.I.  Red. 
Eggs,  00c.  per  15,  $1.50  per  30.  $2.75  per  GO,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  Pa. 

EMPIRE  STATE  S.  C.  WHITE  LFSHORNS 

Winners  at  N.  Y.  State  Fair.  Heavy  layers:  trios. 
$5.  Eggs  for  hatching,  $1  for  15,  $5  for  100.  Cata¬ 
logue  free.  C.  H.  ZIMMER,  YVeedsport,  N.  Y. 

BIRDS  OF  QUALITY,  Bred  to  lay:  S.  C.  W.  Leghorn 
Hatching  Eggs,  $6  per  100;  Chicks,  $12  per  100. 
S.  C.  R.  I  Red  Eggs,  $8  per  100;  Chicks,  $15  per  100. 

THE  WINONA  FARMS  .  Drawer  272  .  LANSDALE,  PA. 

Pill  |  CTC-S.  C.  W.  LEGHORNS— Booking  orders 
■  ULLL  I  O  future  delivery.  Hatching  eggs  from 
vigorous  birds  for  prompt  shipment.  Limited 
number  choice  breeders.  Lakewood  and  Youngs 
Strains.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington,  N.J. 

BUFF  ORPINGTON  DUCKS  SSs 

B.  O.  Ducks,  the  world  greatest  layers;  have  twice 
won  Australian  laying  contests.  Mjr  ducks  have 
three  years  unbeaten  show  record.  List  furnished. 

9UNROBIN  FARM,  Chatlismi,  New  Jersey 

The  Big  White  Egg  Makers 

Rose  Comb  Black  Minorcas,  Indian  Runner  Ducks. 

The  Big  White  Birds 

Crystal  White  Orpingtons — Utilities,  Beauties. 
Year  round  layers.  Eggs  for  hatching.  Circular 
free.  F.  N.  ADAMS,  Route  1,  Orwell,  Ohio. 

DAVIS  S.  C.  REDS 

200  EGG  STRAIN  Prices  reduced  after  May  I 

EGGS  Utility,  $5.00  per  100:  $1.00  per  13, 

•  ’ '  -  Special  Matings,  $1.50  per  13;  $8.00  per  100. 
Mammoth  Hot  Water  Incubator  Chicks,  $15.00  per  100 

DAVIS  POULTRY  FA ItM,  Berlin,  Mass. 

Rhode 
Beds — 

Indian  Runner  Ducks.  High-class  stock- 
utility,  show,  or  export.  SINCLAIR  SMITH,  002 
Fifth  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Van  Alstyne’s  Rhode  Island  Reds 

10  Utility  Cockerels  at  $3.00  each;  100  S.  C.  Year¬ 
ling  Hens  at  $2.00  each;  50'S.  C.  surplus  Pullets  at 
$2.50  each.  Eggs  for  hatching  in  any  number. 

JAS.  K.  VAN  ALSTYNE,  Kinderhook,  N.Y. 

KEAN’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTES 

Bred  for  large  size,  heavy  laying  and  fancy  pur¬ 
poses.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  setting;  $5.00  per  100,  for  re¬ 
mainder  of  season.  Address 

E.  FRANKLIN  KEAN  ....  Stanley,  N.  Y. 

nni||  TRY-35  Kes*;  Breeds— Bred  for 

■  UUL  I  H  I  Laying — Choice  eggs  for  hatch¬ 
ing.  Large  circular  illustrated  in  colors  free.  Also 
a  IflW  fine  O.  I.  C.  Pigs  for  sale.  Address 
JOHN  E.  HEATWOLE,  Harrisonburg,  Virginia. 

S.  G.  White  Leghorn  BABY  CHICKS 

$10  per  100  in  any  quantity.  Breeders  are  vigorous 
yearlings  and  2-year-olds.  Circular.  VANCREST 
POULTRY  FARM,  Salt  Point,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y. 

EGGS  AND  STOCK  from  Thoroughbreds — White  Orping¬ 
tons,  Buff  Orpingtons,  White  Wyandottes  and  Buff 
Wyandottes,  White  Rocks  and  Barred  Rocks,  Ithodo 
Island  Reds,  Black  Minorcas.  91.  T.  MOOKF.,  Sjraonsc,  N.  V. 

BABY  CHICKS,  10c.  EACH 

From  free-range  selected  S.C.WhiteLeghornsin  any 
quantity;  safe  arrival  guaranteed,  Circulats  free. 

Chis.R.  Stone,  Baby  Chick. Farm,  Staatsburg-on-Hudson,N.Y. 

Buff,  white  and  black  orpington  eggs  for 

hatching.  Best  American  and  English  strains — Cook, 
Sunswiek,  Owen  Farm,  Kellerstrnss,  $5.00  for  thirteen 
eggs.  I.  B.  CLARKE,  R.  F.  D.,  Hempstead,  N.  Y. 

SP  WHITE  LEGHORNS,  Barred  Plymouth  Rocks, 
•  U  ■  n  Mammoth  White  Pekin  Ducks,  Stock 
hatching  eggs,  chicks,  ducklings.  Circular.  Est.UHM 
Abovo  Poultry  Farm.  Chatham,  Morris  Co.  N.  J. 

S.  C.  W,  LEGHORN  EGGS  FOR  HATCHING 

15  for  $1.50,  $7.00  per  100.  Baby  Chicks,  15c.  each. 
Pens  headed  by  choice  cockerels  direct  from  D.  W. 
Young.  E.  M.  YOUNG,  Edenville,  N.  Y. 

WHSTE  WYANDOTTESif;;rS« 

me  for  12  years.  Large,  fine  birds,  splendid  layers. 
Have  been  winning  for  5  years.  Egos,  high  fertility, 
100, $5.00.  Sitting, $1.00.  WILLIAM  0.  BURR,  Fairfield,  Conn. 


Eggs  For  Hatching-!'.',,,;;;, 


$1.00 

Yr. 


RC.  B.  MINORCAS;  great  layers;  eggs. 

*  for  15.  GEO.  BOWDIoH,  Esperanee,  N. 

Hunn  Lake  Poultry  Farm  ^ffikJ.  sH  perwo1; 

SVliiteWyandotte  Chicks,  $12  per  100.  Eggs, taper  100. 

r  n  ft  q— barked  Plymouth  rocks- 

LUOU  Mammoth  Bronze  Turkeys,  Pearl 
Guineas  and  Indian  Runner  Ducks. 
Writofor  free  price  list.  C.A0ELL  KAYNER.West  Falls, N.Y. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


G&7 


IS  THERE  ANY  DOUBT  IN  YOUR  MIND  as 
to  which  cream  separator  will  give  you  the  most 
satisfactory  service  and  be  the  most  economical 
for  you  to  buy  ? 

Here  is  a  proposition  that  should  interest  you. 

Ask  our  nearest  agent  to  bring  a  DE  LAVAL  out 
to  your  house  and  set  it  up  for  you.  (If  you  don’t 
know  the  DE  LAVAL  agent  drop  us  a  line  and  we 
will  give  you  his  name  and  address.)  Try  out  any 
other  separator  you  wish  alongside  of  it.  Give  them 
both  a  fair,  honest  trial.  Then  buy  the  machine  that 


M  X  L  K. 

The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.41 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  2%  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


DRIED  MILK  AS  A  “STARTER.” 

A  bulletin  (No.  123)  from  the  South 
Dakota  Station  shows  that  dried  or 
powdered  milk  may  be  used  as  a 
“starter”  in  butter  making.  As  all  but¬ 
ter  makers  know,  a  “starter”  is  used  to 
start  ferments  in  the  cream  to  fit  it  for 
churning.  Usually  a  quantity  of  skim- 
milk  is  used  for  this  purpose.  In  the 
Western  States  the  plan  of  using  hand 
separators  on  the  farm  and  sending  only 
the  cream  to  the  butter  factory  is  largely 
followed.  Thus  the  skim-milk  is  kept  on 
the  farm  and  is  not  available  for  use  as 
“starters.”  This  led  to  a  trial  of  dried 
milk  mixed  with  water.  The  method  of 
drying  or  powdering  milk  is  given  as  fol¬ 
lows  : 

Fresh  whole  milk  is  drawn  into  a  vacuum 
pan  and  a  portion  of  its  water  removed. 
This  condensation  is  halted  while  the  milk 
is  still  in  a  fluid  condition  and  before 
any  of  ‘the  milk  albumen  has  been  cooked 
on  to  the  walls  of  the  vacuum  chamber. 
The  milk  is  then  drawn  from  the  vacuum 
pan  and  sprayed  into  a  current  of  hot  air. 
The  moisture  in  the  milk  is  instantly  ab¬ 
sorbed  by  the  air  and  the  particles  of  milk 
solids  fall  like  snow.  Upon  examination, 
they  are  found  to  contain  less  than  two  per 
cent,  and  sometimes  not  more  than  one- 
half  of  one  per  cent  of  moisture.  The 
hotter  the  air  is  the  more  rapid  the  drying 
effect  and  the  less  danger  there  is  of  in¬ 
juring  the  milk  solids  by  heat. 

This  makes  a  dry  milk  with  no  bac¬ 
terial  action.  It  is  largely  used  as  a  milk 
substitute.  When  the  United  States  fleet 
sailed  around  the  continent  it  carried  a 
ton  of  this  milk.  When  used  as  a 
“starter”  the  dry  milk  is  put  into  pure 
warm  water  and  vigorously  stirred.  It 
then  becomes  a  white  liquid  much  like 
milk  and  is  used  like  any  other  starter. 
It  costs  16  cents  a  pound.  Threee  ounces 
are  used  to  one  quart  of  water,  which 
makes  the  cost  11  cents  a  gallon.  Tests 
are  made  to  measure  the  growth  of  the 
bacteria  in  these  dried  milk  starters  and 
also  to  show  the  quality  of  the  butter 
made  from  them.  The  results  were  en¬ 
tirely  favorable  to  the  dried  milk — the 
only  real  objection  being  the  cost. 


THE  MASSACHUSETTS  MILK  SITUATION. 

The  milk  contractors  of  Boston  were  as 
good  as  their  word,  and  cut  the  price  down 
as  they  had  threatened  on  April  1,  paying 
to  producers  who  ship  over  Boston  &  Al¬ 
bany  R.  R.  28  cents,  with  a  deduction  of 
two  cents  for  extra  cost  of  freight  car¬ 
riage  under  Saunders  act.  From  this  also 
is  taken  two  or  three  cents  according  to 
distance  from  station  for  carrying  to  same, 
thus  netting  the  producer  at  the  farm  23  or 
24  cents  per  8%  quart  can,  or  less  than 
three  cents  a  quart.  They  have  also  sent 
out  notice  they  will  pay  the  same  for  May. 
They  are  and  have  been  right  along  trying 
for  all  they  are  worth  to  get  the  Saunders 
act  repealed.  While  this  act  has  done  most 
of  us  no  good,  but  has  cost  us  two  cents  on 
every  can  we  send,  yet  the  contractors  are 
so  anxious  to  save  us  this  two  cents  by 
repealing  this  act,  according  to  the  way 
they  put  it,  that  we  are  very  sure  they 
really  want  to  benefit  themselves  while 
making  us  think  their  object  is  to  help  us. 
The  final  hearing  on  the  milk  rates  comes 
up  May  15  for  final  settlement,  and  the 
result  is  in  doubt,  as  sentiment  is  evenly 
divided  on  the  matter.  Mayor  Fitzgerald, 
of  Boston,  will  cause  a  hearing  to  be  held 
in  the  near  future  in  regard  to  the  milk 
trust,  claiming  that  the  contractors  are  dis¬ 


couraging  production  in  Massachusetts  and 
selling  instead  of  fresh  milk  (which  they 
should  if  possible  and  we  know  it  is  possible 
in  most  cases)  milk  which  is  from  two  to 
four  days  old  in  the  effort  to  make  it 
cheaper  to  the  consumer.  Now  this  is  a  po¬ 
litical  move,  possibly  on  the  mayor’s  part 
to  boost  his  chance  for  the  Governor’s 
chan1,  yet  he  many  times  gets  results,  and 
may  in  this  case  really  heln  the  Massa¬ 
chusetts  farmers  a  great  deal.  We  cer¬ 
tainly  need  help,  and  that  badly,  as  the 
producers  of  this  State  are  badly  discour¬ 
aged  at  the  present  outlook.  The  Boston 
Elevated  R.  R.  Co.  has  been  turned  down 
on  the  freight-carrying  question,  thus  cut¬ 
ting  off  at  present  any  hope  of  putting 
milk  into  the  city  by  electric  car.  Milk 
shipments  are  decreasing  rapidly  in  this 
section,  with  some  farmers  selling  out  or 
changing  to  other  kinds  of  farming.  Next 
Fall,  if  there  is  any  demand  for  milk,  the 
supply  will  be  short  in  the  nearby  sections, 
as  local  markets  will  demand  more  milk  at 
that  time.  The  contractors  made  a  contract 
about  March  1  for  the  months  of  February, 
March  and  April,  and  then  about  April  1, 
just  30  days  after  making,  broke  this  same 
contract  in  regard  to  price,  cutting  down 
about  seven  cents  per  can.  The  Farmers' 
Union  refused  to  accept  the  cut,  but  did  not 
strike,  as  it  would  do  no  good  under  pres¬ 
ent  conditions,  as  milk  can  be  brought  from 
Canada  as  cheaply  in  regard  to  cost  of 
transportation  as  it  can  be  sent  from  this 
section,  only  about  30  miles  from  the  city 
After  this  experience  and  others  also  wo 
have  had  with  the  contractors  we  certainly 
should  be  excused  if  we  have  no  faith  in 
their  words  and  promises.  By  the  Mellen 
interests  securing  partial  control  of  the 
B.  &  A.  R.  R..  which  will  be  onerative  July 
1,  things  may  improve,  and  by  that  time 
the  rate  question  should  be  settled,  so  we 
may  know  where  we  stand,  and  have  some 
idea  what  future  prospects  may  hold  in 
store  for  us.  The  Consumers’  League  is 
working  to  get  the  board  of  health  in  full 
control  of  milk  inspection  and  production, 
and  if  they  succeed  will  kill  the  whole 
business  for  the  producer,  and  put  ndlk 
where  the  poor  people  of  the  city  cannot 
touch  it  at  all.  There  is  such  a  thing  as 
riding  a  hobby  to  death,  and  these  people 
are  doing  so.  e.  p. 

Hopkinton.  Mass. 


MILK  AND  THE  BOARD  OF  HEALTH. 

Section  53  of  the  Sanitary  Code  of  the 
Board  of  Health  of  the  Department  of 
Health  of  the  City  of  New  York,  defines 
adulterated  milk,  among  other  definitions,  as 
‘■Milk,  the  temperature  of  which  is  higher 
than  50  degrees  Fahrenheit,  or  which  con¬ 
tains  an  excessive  number  of  bacteria.” 

It  has  been  the  practice  for  some  time 
to  take  samples  of  milk  from  various  points 
for  examination  as  to  its  bacterial  content. 
These  samples  are  being  taken  as  the  milk 
is  received  at  the  various  receiving  stations 
or  creameries  in  the  country;  as  it  is  being 
shipped  from  the  creamery  to  the  city  ;  as 
it  is  received  at  the  receiving  platform  or 
station  in  the  city,  and  at  various  points 
during  the  process  of  distribution  ;  that  is, 
upon  wagons,  at  city  depots  and  at  stores. 
While  no  definite  standard  has  been  estab¬ 
lished  fixing  the  minimum  number  of  bac¬ 
teria  to  be  allowed  in  milk  for  sale,  it  is 
considered  that  anv  number  in  excess  of 
1,000,000  per  cubic  centimeter  is  excessive, 
and  efforts  are  being  made  to  prevent  "the 
sale  of  milk  containing  a  number  in  excess 
of  this  amount.  Milk  which  is  delivered  by 
the  farmer  to  the  receiving  station,  or 
creamery  should  contain  less  than  100,000 
bacteria  per  c.c.,  and  if  the  proper  condi¬ 
tions  of  cleanliness  and  cooling  are  ob¬ 
served,  the  number  of  bacteria  in  the  milk 
will  be  consideraby  below  this  amount. 
Dealers  who  are  found  to  be  receiving  milk 
which  contains  in  excess  of  100,000  bacteria 
per  c.  c.  at  the  creamery  are  warned  that 
unless  efforts  are  made  to  improve  the  con¬ 
ditions  as  to  cleanliness  and  cooling  it  may 
become  necessary  to  exclude  the  milk  from 
shipments  to  New  York  City. 

EUGENE  W.  SCHEFFER. 


Soy  Bean  Milk. 

Perhaps  three  years  ago  you  asked  your 
readers  for  directions  on  how  the  Japanese 
make  ‘‘Soy  beau  milk.”  An  old  friend  of 
mine,  a  Japanese  agricultural  college  stu¬ 
dent,  has  just  written  me  how:  ‘‘1.  Soak 
the  beans  in  water  over  night.  2.  Grind 
In  a  stone  mill  with  fine  teeth,  adding 
water  little  by  little,  so  that  ground 
beans  and  water  make  a  kind  of  thick, 
milky  appearance  and  run  smoothly  from 
the  mill.  3.  Then  boil  it  for  a  little  while 
and  strain  it  through  cheese  cloth.  This  is 
what  they  call  the  bean  milk.  I  used  to 
drink  with  sugar.  Further,  they  used  ren¬ 
net  to  coagulate  it,  and  cut  it  in  square 
and  triangular  shape,  and  eat  it  by  boiling 
or  frying  it.  They  are  mighty  good,  too.” 

Oakham,  Mass.  r.  m. 


Skims  the  cleanest, 
Is  easiest  to  wash. 


Turns  the  easiest, 
Is  best  constructed 


If  there  is  any  doubt  in  your  mind  when  you  make 
this  test  as  to  the  comparative  skimming  of  the  two 

machines,  take  a  sample 
of  skim-milk  from  each 
separator  and  send  it  to 
your  State  Experiment 
Station.  They  will  tell 
you  which  sample  con¬ 
tains  the  most  butter-fat. 

We  sell  thousands 
and  thousands  of  cream 
separators  every  year 
upon  just  such  tests. 


We  don’t  hesitate  to 
ask  you  to  make  such  a 
test  because  we  know 
the  DE  LAVAL  will 
skim  cleaner  and  give 
you  better  service  than 
any  other  machine  on 
the  market.  That’s  why 
we  are  perfectly  willing 
to  let  you  try  it  out  alongside  of  any  “would-be” 
competitive  machine  ever  built.  Our  willingness  to 
have  you  make  such  a  test  should  mean  more  to  you 
than  volumes  of  .printed  claims. 

Give  your  cows  a  square  deal.  Be  fair  to  yourself. 
If  there  is  any  one  farm  machine  that  should  be  of  the 
very  best  possible  construction  it  is  the  cream  separa¬ 
tor.  It  is  used  oftener  than  any  piece  of  farm  machin¬ 
ery — 730  times  a  year — and  the  very  best  machine  that 
you  can  buy  will  be  far  the  cheapest  in  the  end.  You 
have  always  heard  the  DE  LAVAL  spoken  of  as  a 
high-grade  machine.  All  DE  LAVAL  users  are  DE 
LAVAL  “boosters,”  because  it  always  “makes  good.” 

We  have  agents  in  almost  every  locality  who  will 
be  glad  to  set  the  machine  up  for  you  and  give  you  a 
free  trial,  and  we  have  an  arrangement  with  our 
agents  whereby  a  purchaser,  if  he  desires,  may  make  a 
partial  payment  at  time  of  purchase,  and  pay  the  bal¬ 
ance  on  easy  terms  covering  a  period  of  twelve  months. 

If  you  are  interested  in  the  purchase  of  a  cream 
separator,  be  sure  to  write  for  our  new  catalog  which 
illustrates  and  describes  in  detail  the  features  which 
have  made  the  DE  LAVAL  the  universal  favorite 
among  dairymen  all  ove.r  the  world. 

In  writing  please  address  your  inquiry  to  nearest  De  Laval  office. 

THE  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  CO. 


165-167  Broadway 

NEW  YORK 


29  E.  Madison  Street 

CHICAGO 


Drumm  k  Sat  ham  knto  Sts. 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

1016  Western  Avenue 

SEATTLE 


6e« 


THK  RURAL,  NEW-YORKEH 


May  13, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 

During  April  we  received  59  doubtful 
accounts  for  collection  from  subscribers, 
amounting  to  $2,063.19.  We  collected  or 
settled  46  accounts  amounting  to  $1,- 
256.79.  There  were  135  inquiries  for 
ratings.  If  The  R.  N.-Y.  ever  accepted 
any  commission  for  collecting  such 
claims  we  suggest  that  such  subscriber 
write  the  facts  to  E.  G.  Lewis,  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  We  think  he  would  like  to  have 
the  information,  and  from  other  experi¬ 
ence  we  judge  he  might  be  willing  to 
pay  for  it.  We  do  not  hear  of  anything 
else  that  he  does  pay  for. 

There  are  two  or  three  “skyrocket”  pub¬ 
lishers  of  agricultural  papers,  with  an  out¬ 
rageously  inflated  capitalization,  working 
farmers  to  take  stock  in  their  enterprises. 
We  deem  it  our  duty  to  say  to  our  sub¬ 
scribers  that  they  will  surely  be  very  sorry 
if  they  are  misled  into  any  of  these  in¬ 
vestments.  No  standard,  reliable  publica¬ 
tions  are  resorting  to  such  nefarious  meth¬ 
ods  to  maintain  their  business. 

OHIO  FARMER, 

Wc  are  glad  to  see  the  editors  of 
standard  farm  papers  tolling  the  truth 
about  inflated  investment  schemes. 

Do  you  know,  anything  about  the  World 
Home  ’.Supply  Co.,  of  New  York  t'ity,  said 
to  be  organized  by  one  W.  II.  Shrader? 

New  York.  reader. 

No,  we  don’t.  They  do  not  seem 
anxious  that  we  should,  as  they  give  no 
street  address  on  the  printed  matter  that 
reaches  us.  They  seem  to  want  you  to 
send  them  $10  for  the  privilege  of  send¬ 
ing  them  orders  and  money.  For  your 
information  we  would  say  that  some 
real  good  houses  of  this  city  would  be 
glad  to  have  your  money  for  orders  of 
goods  without  the  formality  of  a  $10 
introduction.  All  the  houses  that  we 
have  previously  known  to  sell  member¬ 
ship  certificates  in  purchasing  schemes 
have  been  pure  and  unadulterated  fakes. 

A  young  man  and  a  woman  called  here 
to-da.v  and  said  they  were  sent  by  “the  col¬ 
lege  to  take  a  census  of  the  eye,”  and  there 
would  be  no  charge,  but  ended  up  by  try¬ 
ing  to  sell  a  pair  of  glasses  for  $4.  I  ques¬ 
tioned  him  rather  more  than  he  liked,  and 
he  loft.  When  I  asked  him  the  name  of  the 
college  he  said  the  “Spencer  Optical  Col¬ 
lege',  401  Tenth  Aye..  New  York  City.”  I 
should  like  to  have  you  tell  me  if  there  is 
any  such  place,  and  what  you  think  of  the 
gentleman?  This  man  gave  the  name  of 
•T.  Wudruff.  I  have  written  to  “the  col¬ 
lege.”  H.  E. 

Connecticut. 

We  know  no  such  college  at  this  ad¬ 
dress.  The  Spencer  Optical  Co.  is  lo¬ 
cated  in  Maiden  Lane,  but  it  is  an  old 
and  responsible  house,  and  never  sends 
out  any  agents.  Fakers  going  through 
the  country  often  assume  the  name  of 
responsible  houses  slightly  changed  to 
deceive  the  public.  “To  take  census  of 
the  eye”  sounds  better  than  “to  take  $4 
for  a  probable  25-cent  pair  of  glasses.” 

I  will  say  that  it  was  the  Publisher’s 
Desk  which  determined  me  to  continue  my 
subscription  to  your  paper.  1  had  taken 
it  for  10  weeks  on  a  10-cent  trial  subscrip¬ 
tion,  and  as  my  editorial  position  demands 
my  reading  a  great  many  other  journals,  I 
had  hesitated  about  continuing  Tiie  It. 
N.-Y’.,  but  1  made  up  my  mind  that  along 
with  the  other  many  excellencies  of  the 
paper  itself,  you  deserve  to  be  backed  up 
in  your  warfare  against  shams  and  fakes  of 
all  sorts  and  in  your  efforts  to  have  jus¬ 
tice  done  between  the  pool-  man  and  the 
strong  interests  by  which  he  is  so  often 
oppressed.  I  am  glad  therefore  to  express 
m.v  appreciation  of  the  paper  in  general, 
and  particularly  of  this  feature  of  it.  which 
appreciation  I  have  shown  already  by  ex¬ 
tending  my  subscription  to  April,  1912. 

Yrirginia.  r.  a.  e. 

The  above  assurance  came  in  response 
to  our  intimation  that  we  have  at  times 
felt  the  resentment  of  fakers  and  rogues 
who  are  attacked  is  more  prompt  than 
the  support  of  honest  people  who  ap¬ 
prove.  In  definite  specific  cases  we  think 
that  is  true.  Give  a  man  a  special  or 
unlawful  privilege  for  a  time  and  he  will 
fight  harder  to  retain  it  than  any  one 
honest  man  is  likely  to  fight  to  deprive 
him  of  it.  But  after  all  the  majority  of 
the  people  of  this  country  are  honest, 
and  their  sympathies  and  influence  are 
always  on  the  side  of  integrity  and 
decency. 

I  have  never  bitten  on  any  get-rich-quick 
schemes,  so  do  not  know  why  my  name 
should  be  on  a  sucker  list.  But  I  inclose  a 
letter  and  circular  from  E.  W.  Smith,  man¬ 
ager,  the  Bankers’  Finance  Co.,  Denver, 
Col.,  received  through  the  mail,  and  I  find 
my  neighbors  are  getting  the  same  thing. 

New  Y’ork.  C.  h.  d. 

This  is  the  old  fake  scheme  whereby 
you  get  a  lot  free ;  but  you  send  a  re¬ 
mittance  for  some  purpose  on  the  side- 
in  this  case  $5  for  a  deed.  We  don’t 
know  anything  about  this  particular 
place  described  in  the  circular  as  the 
famous  Ute  Pass  region  of  the  Rocky 
Mountain  resorts.  The  fame  has  not 
reached  us,  but  we  have  never  known 
these  real  estate  chaps  to  take  much 
pains  to  look  one  up  and  pay  postage 
on  letters  for  the  privilege  of  giving 
something  for  nothing.  In  similar  pro¬ 
positions  that  we  have  looked  up  at  va¬ 
rious  times,  we  found  the  land  under 


water,  swamps,  or  barren  inaccessible 
lands  which  cost  about  $3  per  acre — 20 
to  30  cents  per  lot,  and  the  title  in 
doubt  at  that.  In  many  cases  the  pro¬ 
moter  had  no  title  to  the  land  at  all. 
He  secured  an  option  and  sold  the  lots 
on  the  strength  of  the  privilege  to  buy. 
In  two  such  cases  on  Long  Island  the 
Post  Office  Department  recently  prose¬ 
cuted  the  promoters  for  fraud,  and  they 
are  now  receiving  free  board  at  a  Fed¬ 
eral  institution. 


The  enclosed  circular  of  the  United  States 
Publishing  Company  was  presented  to  me 
to-day.  It  is  being  put  before  the  farmers 
as  the  greatest  investment  nut.  I  notice 
there  is  not  a  single  signature  to  it.  and  it 
appears  like  a  money-  catcher  to  me.  What 
do  you  think  of  it?  C.  J. 

Ohio. 


The  headquarters  of  this  concern-to-be 
are  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  and  it  is  organized 
by  Josiah  Kirby,  who  styles  himself 
chief  promoter,  with  offices  at  Cleveland, 
O.  The  capital  authorized  is  $10,000, 
which  he  says  will  be  increased  to  $300,- 
000.  He  admits  that  he  has  no  money 
himself,  and  no  means  and  no  business, 
but  that  he  is  going  to  erect  a  plant  and 
start  a  publishing  business.  Suppose  a 
farmer  told  you  he  had  no  money  arid 
no  farm,  but  that  he  was  going  to  buy 
land  and  put  up  buildings  and  equip  a 
farm;  how  much  stock  would -you  take 
in  his  company?  Yet,  if  such -a' farm 
was  stocked  only  for  the  value  of  farm 
and  equipment  it  would  be  a  thousand 
times  better  risk  than  the  stock  of  such 
a  publishing  company. 


I  would  like  you  to  give  me  advice  as  to 
the  reliability  of  the  Western  and  South¬ 
ern  Life  Insurance  Co.,  of  Cincinnati,  Olfu>.“ 
W.  ,T.  Williams  is  secretary,  Frank  Caldwell 
president.  I  had  my  little  trirl  Until'  in¬ 
sured  at  five  years;  it  is  going  bin;  two 
years  now  that  she  has  been  insured- at-  10 
cents  a  week.  Will  you  let  me  know  if, 'this 
is  a  good  investment?  R.  ' 

Maryland. 

This  seems  to  refer  to  industrial  in¬ 
surance.  Our  advice  is  to  drop  the  in¬ 
surance.  These  industrial  insurance 
policies  are  little  less  than  legalized  rob¬ 
bery  of  poor  people.  Only  a  small  per¬ 
centage  of  the  amount  of  money  paid 
in  on  these  insurances  has  ever  re¬ 
turned  to  the  insured.  The  great  ma¬ 
jority  of  them  are  dropped  after  being 
carried  a  while,  either  as  we  are  sug¬ 
gesting  to  you  to  do  or  for  some  other 
reason  later  on,  and  then  the  whole 
amount  is  lost,  and  even  in  States  where 
there  is  a  little  value  to  the  premium 
after  a  number  of  years’  payment,  it  is 
so  small  as  to  amount  to  nothing. 


Make  Your  Well  Curbs 
of  Concrete 


it  is  a  small  job  for  anyone;  gives  far  better  service  than 
either  wood,  brick  or  stone  and  costs  less.  There  are  no 
'  joints  to  collect  dirt  and  it  is  absolutely  vermin  proof. 

Plans  and  instructions  FREE 

i  -  - 

Write  us  today  for  simple,  definite  building  plans : 

No.  I— Sidewalks,  No.  2— Troughs,  No.  3— Porches  and  Steps 

If  you  want  instructions  on  how  to  build  concrete  floors,  founda¬ 
tions,  well  curbs,  posts,  silos,  tanks,  dipping  vats,  cisterns  or 
concrete  blocks  or  anything  else,  write  us  at  once,  describing 
fully  just  what  you  want  to  build. 

This  service  is  Free.  The  only  expense  to  you  will  be 
the  postage  used  in  writing  us.  Address  the  nearest 
office  of  the  Company. 

UNIVERSAL  PCEMENT°  COMPANY 

CHICAGO  PITTSBURG  MINNEAPOLIS 

72  West  Adams  St.  Frick  Building  Security  Bank  Building 

annual  Output  10,000,000  Battels 


One  may  jeer  at  the  “female  sucker  list.” 
yet  regardless  of  the  broader  and  wider  op¬ 
portunity  which  man  constantly  enjoys, 
coupled  with  business  training,  both  theo¬ 
retical  and  practical,  which  is  seldom  made 
part  of  the  education  of  woman,  I  am  cer¬ 
tain  that,  if  you  were  to  read  all  the  corre¬ 
spondence  which  comes  to  me  in  this  Lewis 
case,  you  would  be  forced  to  acknowledge 
that  for  lack  of  logic  and  want  of  good 
“horse  sense”  man  takes  the  cake. 

Nebraska.  e.  a.  w. 

The  above  came  in  a  personal  letter, 
but  it  is  good  enough  to  print.  Lewis 
caught  the  usually  prudent  women  off 
their  guard,  and  some  of  them  were  so 
helplessly  mesmerized  we  bad  to  be  a 
little  brutal  in  frankness  to  wake  them 
out  of  their  trance.  But  the  masculine 
side  of  the  family  has  nothing  to  brag 
about.  Last  week  we  scratched  the  sur¬ 
face  of  a  gold  brick.  A  reader  of  35 
years  standing  came  in  with  fire  in  his 
eye  and  demanded  an  explanation.  He 
had  bought  the  “brick”  against  his  wife’s 
protest,  and  she  now  had  The  R.  N.-Y. 
to  confirm  her  judgment.  It  is  my  honest 
conviction  that  if  men  took  their  wives’ 
advice  on  promotion  schemes,  faking 
would  not  be  as  profitable  as  it  now  is. 
But  few  of  us  are  in  a  position  to  throw 
stones  at  the  “come-ons,”  and  none  of 
us  is  immune  to  the  “sucker  lists.”  With 
all  my  reputation  of  facing  fakers  with 
a  chip  on  my  shoulder,  I  am  oh  at  least 
a  half  dozen  of  them,  and  receive  the 
sucker  bait  regularly.  And  more  annoy¬ 
ing,  my  wife  and  daughter  are  on  sev¬ 
eral  lists  at  our  home  address.  In  The 
R.  N.-Y.  office  we  have  a  dozen  mature 
men  in  important  positions ;  not  a  single 
one  of  them  hut  has  got  caught  some 
time  in  his  life  with  a  fake  of  some  sort 
or  another;  and  I  frankly  admit  that 
the  first  $1,000  I  ever  invested  went  to  a 
watered  stock  promotion,  and  was  later 
charged  to  experience.  That  is  not  all. 
I  am  frequently  approached  yet  with 
hard  luck  stories  and  requests  for  small 
temporary  loans  which  are  seldom  if 
ever  repaid.  I  try  to  defend  myself  with 
the  argument  that  this  is  more  of  a 
charity  than  an  investment.  So  it  is. 
But  the  recipients  are  for  the  most  part 
petty  grafters.  So  that  after  all  the 
members  of  the  first  female  “sucker  list” 
are  distinguished  only  in  that  they  have 
for  the  first  time  allowed  Lewis’s  allure¬ 
ments  to  overcome  their  natural  instinct 
and  better  judgment.  j.  j.  d. 


—99  %»  %  Pure— 

American  Ingot  Iron  Roofing 

Guaranteed  For  30  Years 

Without  Painting 

The  Only  Guaranteed  Metal  Roofing  ever  put  on  the 
market.  Samples  free.  Write  for  a  free  book  showing 
remarkable  tests.  A  way  ou^  of  your  roof  troubles. 

THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  C0„  Dept.  D.ELTRIA,  OHIO 


Steel 

Frame 


GOOD 


Indispensable  on  every  farm; 
saves  the  time  and  money  you 
would  spend  on  a  public  scale, and 
sures  perfect  accuracy  al- 
ways.  Good  for  a  life¬ 
time.  Send  for  catalogue. 
**  OHROod  Seal©  Co., 

Box  157,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


WALTER  A. 

WOOD 


I 

I 

| 


i 

i 

i 


All  the  pull 
of  the  team 

exerted  on  the  cutter-bar  of  an 

Admiral  Mower 


IS 


because  of  its  floating  frame  construction.  This  gives  a 
cutting-power  unequalled  in  any  other  mower.  It  is  only 
one  reason  why  you  should  buy  an  Admiral.  Our 

Side  Delivery  Rake 

enables  you  to  finish  curing  the  hay  in  the  windrow,  and 
so  save  time  while  making  sweeter,  better-colored  hay. 

This  rake  is  made  of  angle  steel  and  is  strong  and  durable. 

Send  for  our  Diamond  Jubilee  Catalog 

today.  It  explains  all  the  exclusive  features  of  both  those  machines,  and  will 
acouaint  you  with  a  line  of  farm  machines  that  is  unequalled  in  every  respect. 


1911. 


•iPHE  RUKAb  NEW-YORKER 


69© 


CONTENTS 


Tiie  Rural  New-Yorker,  May  13,  1011. 
FARM  TOPICS. 

How  Much  Water  in  Slaked  Lime?....  582 


Chemicals  With  Stable  Manure .  582 

What  is  Acid  Phosphate? .  582 

A  “Complete”  Liquid  Fertilizer .  582 

Spreading  or  Piling  Manure .  582 

Different  Kinds  of  Lime .  582 

Cultivation  for  the  Sugar  Cane .  582 

Immigrating  to  New  York  State.  Part 

III  . .  583 

Vermin-Proof  Granary  .  584 

Preparing  Soil  for  Next  Season . 584 

Hen  Manure  for  Corn .  584 

That  Southern  Corn .  584 

Ilairy  Vetch  in  Puget  Sound  Country.  .  584 

A  Virginia  Farm . 584 

Questions  About  Chemicals .  585 

Working  Up  Old  Meadows .  585 

Grubs  and  Potatoes . 585 

Failure  with  Rape .  585 

Harrowing  In  Canada  Peas .  585 

Sawdust — Green  and  Rotted .  585 

Rye  for  the  Silo .  580 

Early  Soiling  Crop .  580 

Mussel  Shell  Waste .  587 

How  to  Start  Alfalfa .  587 

Lime  on  Potatoes  .  587 

A  Big  Corn  Crop .  587 

Hope  Farm  Notes .  588 

Crop  Notes  .  591 


LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

The  Suffolk  Horse  .  581 

Shall  It  Be  Horse  or  Mule? . 581,  582 

Mrs.  Houdan,  the  Frost-proof  Hen....  582 

A  Purebred  Herd  of  Workers .  594 

Early  Sheep  Shearing .  594 

Three  Family  Cows .  594 

Methods  of  Separating  Milk .  595 

Garget  .  595 

Rheumatism  or  “Played  Out” .  590 

Some  Maine  Birds .  590 

Leghorns,  Reds  and  Light  Brahmas.  .  .*.  590 

Profitable  Farm  Flocks .  590 

Milk  .  597 

Dried  Milk  as  a  “Starter” .  597 

The  Massachusetts  Milk  Situation .  597 

Milk  and  the  Board  of  Health .  597 

Sov  Bean  Milk .  597 


HORTICULTURE. 


Cost  of  Spraying  Lime-Sulphur .  583 

Dahlia  Treatment  .  586 

Shade  Trees  for  Connecticut .  587 

Mignonette  . 589 

Catnip  and  Its  Culture .  589 

Big  Watermelons  .  589 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day .  592 

Pe  Tsai  Cabbage . 592 

Another  Cure  for  a  Household  Trial..  592 

The  Rural  Patterns .  593 

Conservatives  and  Insurgents .  593 

Lamb’s  Kidneys  .  593 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


Water  Leaking  Through  Cement .  580 

Editorials  . ; . .  590 

Other  People’s  Money . 591 

Events  of  the  Week .  591 

Possibilities  of  an  Agrarian  Party....  595 

Publisher’s  Desk  .  598 


MARKETS 

Wholesale  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  May  5,  1911. 


BUTTER 

Prices  are  on  a  slightly  lower  basis  than 
last  week.  Quality  of  the  fresh  receipts 
is  running  irregular,  with  a  larger  propor¬ 
tion  of  second  grades. 


Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 21  ft  .22 

Good  to  Choice . 19  @  .20 

Lower  Grades  . 15  @  .18 

Storage . 15  @  .20 

State  Dairy,  best . 20  Cft  .21 

Common  to  Good . 14  @  .18 

Factory . 14  @  .10 

Packing  Stock . 12  @  .15 


Elgin  111.  butter  market  firm  at  22  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  22  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  22  cents. 
CHEESE 

Market  firm  on  the  better  grades  of  new 
make ;  skims  dull.  Old  white  in  heavy  sup¬ 
ply. 


Full  Cream,  best,  Fall  made . 12  @  .14 

Common  to  Good . 10  @  .11 

New  Made . 09  &  .1036 

Skims . 05  @  .10 

EGGS 


Receipts  are  large  but  trade  for  storage 
active  and  market  firm  except  on  short¬ 
lived  stock. 


White,  good  to  choice . 18  @  .21 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 17  @  .18 

Common  to  Good . 15  @  .17 

Western,  best . 18  &  .19 

Under  grades . 12  @  .15 

Duck  eggs,  dozen . 20  (ft  .22 

BEANS 

A  fair  trade  is  noted  in  choice  clean 
white  beans.  Market  on  Red  Kidneys  firm. 

Marrow,  100  lbs .  3.00  (ft  3.70 

Medium .  3.00  (ft  3.50 

Pea .  3  00  @  3.50 

Vellow  Eye . 3.50  ft  3.00 

Bed  Kidney . 5.75  (ft  6.15 

WhiteKidney . 6.00  (ft  5.10 

Lima,  California . 6.70  @  6.85 

HOPS 

Growers  are  holding  firmly  for  higher 
prices. 

Prime  to  Choice . 29  @  .30 

Common  to  Good . 27  @  .28 

Pacific  Coast . 22  @  .23 

German  Crop,  1910 . 50  @  .53 

CIDER  VINEGAR 

N.  Y.  prices  for  single  barrel  lots. 

Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 22  ©  .24 

Standard  Grade . 13  @  .15 


DRIED  FRCITS 

Some  business  is  reported  in  evaporated 
apples  for  late  Fall  delivery  on  basis  of 
7%  cents. 


Apples,  evap.  prime . 12  (ft  13 

Evap.,  com.  to  good . 06  @  .11 

Sun  Dried . 06  @  .07 % 

Chops . 07  (ft  .0714 

Cores  and  Skins . 07  (ft  .0734 

Raspberries . 28  @  .31 

Cherries . 14  (ft  .18 


FKK8H  FRUITS 

Old  apples  scarce  and  showing  storage 
defects.  Strawberries  arriving  from  as  far 
north  as  Virginia ;  market  weaker. 


Apples,  Russet,  bbl . 3.00  @  5.00 

Greening .  4.00  (ft  7.00 


Baldwin . 4.00  (ft  6.00 

Ben  Davis . 3.60  (ft  5.50 

Spy . 4.00  i: ft  7.00 

W estern — 

Newtown,  box .  1.75  (ft  2.75 

Rome,  box .  2.00  (ft  2.76 

Black  Ben,  box . 2.00  @  2.50 

Gano.  box  .  1.75  (ft  2.25 

Strawberries.  Fla.,  qt.  . . 08  (ft  .12 

Other  Southern . 10  (ft  .16 

Oranges,  Flit,  box . 3.25  (ft  4.50 

Porto  Rico . 2.50  (ft  2.75 

California .  2.50  (ft  4.00 

Grape  Fruit,  Fla.  box .  2.50  @  4.00 

I’lneapples.  Havana,  18s .  2.75  (ft  3.00 

Porto  Rico,  24s . 3.25  @  3.50 


VEGETABLES 

Old  potatoes  held  firmly  at  the  prices 
quoted.  New  in  active  demand  and  higher. 
Asparagus  plenty  and  market  weak.  Cab¬ 
bage  again  iu  excessive  supply  and  low. 


Potatoes— X.  V.  State,  ISO  lbs .  1.75  @  2.00 

Maine .  1.90  ft  2.15 

Southern,  new,  No.  I.  bbl . 4.50  (ft  5.00 

Southern,  new.  No.  2,  bbl . 3.00  @  4.00 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bkt .  1.00  @  2.00 

Asparagus.  Southern,  f ’ey  doz . 2.50  (ft  3.60 

Good  to  prime .  1.25  ft  2.00 

Jersey,  green,  fancy .  3.25  (ft  4  75 

Jersey,  white,  common  to  good. . .  1.75  @3.50 

Beets,  new,  100  bunches .  2.00  @  3.00 

Carrots,  bbl . 2.00  ft  2.60 

Southern,  new,  100  bunches .  2.00  ft  3.00 

Cabbage — old.  ton  . ;..  .  3.00  ft  7.00 

New,  Southern,  bbl . 75  ft  1.25 

Chicory,  bbl .  3.50  @  4.00 

Cucumbers.Fla.hu . 1.50  @2.00 

Escarol.  14  bbl.  bkt,.  .  1.00  ft  2.00 

Kale,  bbl . 40  ft  .65 

Kohlrabi, Southern.  100 bunches .  4.00  @6  00 

Lettuce.  3-6-bbl.  bkt .  1.00  @  2.00 

Peppers.  Southern,  bu . 1.60  (ft  2.50 

Horseradish.  100  lbs . 4.00  ft  7.00 

Okra.  Fla.  Carrier  .  2.00  @  3.00 

Onions,  old.  yellow,  bag . 3.75  ft  4.50 

Texas,  new,  crate . 1.00  ft  2.00 

Bermuda,  crate .  1.40  ft  1.50 

Peas.  Southern,  bu .  1.50  (ft  3-50 

Radishes,  S'n  H  bbl.  bkt . 40  ft  .75 

Rhubarb,  100  bunches .  1.00  ft  2.50 

Salsify,  100  bunches . 4.00  @  5.00 

String  Beans,  bu .  1.00  @  2.50 

Spinach,  bbl . 50  ft  .90 

Squash,  bbl .  1.75  ft  2.50 

Turnips,  Rutabaga,  bbl . 75  @  1.25 

White,  bbl..  .  1.00  @1.50 

Leeks,  100  bunches .  2.00  @  2.50 

Egg  Plants.  Fla.,  box .  1.25  ft  2.00 

Parsnips,  bbl .  1.00  @  1.25 

Parsley  bbl .  2.00  ft  3.00 

Tomatoes,  Fla.  crate .  1.50  ft  3.00 


HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 
Tomatoes  scarce;  mushrooms  and  cucumbers 
very  dull. 


Cucumbers,  best,  doz . 65  ft  .75 

Common  to  good  . 50  @  .60 

Mushrooms,  lb . 15  ft  .40 

Tomatoes,  lb . 10  (ft  .20 


LIVE  POULTRY 

Business  is  active  and  market  improved. 


Chickens,  Broilers,  lb . 30  ft  .35 

Fowls . 13  ft  .14 

Roosters . 09  @  .0936 

Ducks . 13  @  .14 

Geese . 09  ft  .10 

Turkeys . 12  ft  .13 


DRESSED  POULTRY— Fresh  Killed 

Fowls  in  good  demand.  Turkeys  scarce 
and  poor. 


Turkeys,  best . 15  ft  .16 

Common  to  Good . 13  @  .14 

Chickens,  fancy  broilers,  lb .  36  (ft  .45 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 25  ft  .30 

Fowls .  14  @  .15 

Squabs,  doz .  1.75  @  4.25 

DRESSED  POULTRY-FROZEN 

Fancy  roasting  chickens  very  firm.  Other 
poultry  selling  slowly. 

Turkeys,  best . 22  ft  .23 

Chickens,  milk-fed  broilers .  .22  (ft  .26 

Corn-fed  broilers . 18  ft  .22 

Milk-fed  roasters . 17  ft  .1836 

Corn-fed  roasters . 15  ft  .16 

Fowls . 12  ft  .15 

Ducks,  best . 16  @  .16 

Common  to  good . 13  @  .14 

Geese . 07  @  .11 


COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 
Calves  in  good  demand  and  slightly 
higher.  Lambs  in  large  supply  but  of  bet¬ 
ter  quality. 

Calves,  good  to  prime . 09  @  .10 

Common . 06  @  .08 

Lambs, hothouse,  bead . 3.00  ft  7.00 

Pork,  light .  . 09  ft  .10 

Medium  to  heavy . 06  (ft  .0816 


HAY  AND  STRAW 

Market  active  on  higher  grades  of  Tim¬ 
othy  and  clover.  Low  grades  accumulating 
and  dull. 


Bay,  No.  1,  ton . 25.00  ft  26.00 

No.  2 . 22.00  @  24.00 

No.  3 . 18.00  ft  19.00 

Clover  Mixed . 15.00  ft  21  00 

Clover . 12.00  ft  19.00 

Straw,  Rye .  9.00  (ft  11.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 8.00  ft  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 5.00  @  6.30 

Bulls . 4.00  ft  6.00 

Cows .  2.00  @4.25 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 5.00  @  7.00 

Culls  .  4.00  (ft  4.50 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 2.25  @  4.00 

Lambs .  5.50  ft  6.50 

Hogs . 6.00  @  7.00 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.08  ft  ... 

No.  2,  Red . 97  ft  ... 

No.  1  Macaroni . 97  @  ... 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 53  ft  .58 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 35  @  39 

Bye . 76  @  .80 

MILL  FEED 

Spring  Bran, ton .  26.25  ft  27.50 

Standard  Middlings .  27.00  (ft  28.00 

Red  Dog .  28.00  @  29.00 

Hominy  Chop .  22.50  ft  23.00 

Linseed  Meal .  33.00  @  34.00 

Corn  Meal .  23.00  ft  24.00 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  15.85 

Middling  Gulf .  15.00 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  14.75 

Good  Middling .  15.50 

WOOL 

NewYork Fleeces,  Delaine, unwashed.,  .22  ft  .23 

Ohio  half  blood  combing . 26  ft  .27 

Kentucky,  three-eighths  blood . 24  ft  .26 

Michigan,  half  blood . 24  @  .25 

TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadlcaf-llller . 08  ft  .10 

Fine  wrppers . 60  @  .60 

N.  Y. State  Fillers . 05  @  .06 

Fine  and  Selections . i2  ft  .16 

Ohio  Zimmer's  Spanish . 19  @  .20 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 07  @  .0916 

Dark  Leaf . 10  ft  .20 

Bright  Cutters . 12  ft  .30 


The 
Hay  Press 
YOU  Want 

Write  postal  for  all  facts.  Let  us  prove 
''Ohio”  Superiority.  It’s  the  baler  you 
want  because  it  is  simple-powerful-efficient; 
non-brcakablc  Feeder  mounted  on  rocker  shaft. 
Automatic  relief  spring  clutch  takes  up  all  strain 
in  heavy  charges;  smooth  and  silent  action — no 
jsr — no  jerks.  Speed  up  to  35  strokes  per  minute. 
The  only  Press  made  with  Automatic  Block  Drop, 
per— controlled  by  foot  button — gives  you  free  use 
of  both  hands — prevents  accident  or  injury  to  oper¬ 
ators — avoids  delays  because  you  don’t  miss  feeds. 

Capacity  Practically  Unlimited 

Friction  clutch  pulley  keeps  the  "Ohio”  under  perfect 
control— starts  and  stops  it  quick.  Get  our  free  bock 

and  study  the 
details  of  these 
and  other  val¬ 
uable  features. 

W  rite  postal 
now. 


Address, 

The  Ohio 
Cultivator  Co. 


105  Ohio  St. 


Bellevue, 

Ohio 


CLOTH 

FROM 

THE 

MILL 


Best  Values  in  Woolen  and  Worsted 
Cloths  lor  Men's,  Women’s,  and  Chil¬ 
dren’s  Wear.  IHItECT  FROM  THE  Jill,!, 
AT  HILL  PRICES,  list.  1882.  Always  reli¬ 
able.  Satisfied  customers  everywhere. 
Suitings,  Skirtings,  Trouserings,  Dress 
Goods,  Etc,,  Wash  Goods  and  Linings. 
SAMPLES  Fit  EE.  State  garment 

i Banned,  color  preferred.  RIDGEWOOD 
4ILLS,  No.  674  Main  St.,  Holyoke,  Mass. 


fAtOALS  6  0  A  OOfV 

"roA  scnootA  coatees  b  iootnC 

SPECIAL  OtSlCSS  AA.O  tSIWATtS 
SUBMITTED  FOR  FRATERNITY  JtWtlS. 

rozpy.  N  DORRETYiS  boston. mam. ua/N 


When  yon  write  advertisers  mention  Tiie 
It.  N.-Y,  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


ANSWER 

This  Ad  and  Get  My  Big  FREE  Book  and  Save  $50 

Buy  direct  from  the  biggest  spreader  factory  in 
the  world— My  price  has  made  it — Savo  dealer, Jobber 
and  catalog  bouse  profit.  No  such  price  as  I  make 
on  tills  high  grade  spreader  has  ever  been  made 
before  in  all  manure  spreader  history.  Here’s  the 
secret  and  reason :  I  make  you  a  price  on  one  based 
on  a  30.000  quantity  and  pay  the  freight  right  to 
your  station.  You  only  pay  for  actual  material, 
labor  and  one  small  protlt,  based  on  this  enormous 
quantity  on  a 


GALLOWAY 

Got  my  bran  new  proposition  with  proof— lowest 
price  ever  made  on  a  first  class  spreader,  with  my 
agreement  to  pay  you  back  your  money  after  you 
try  it  12  months  if  it's  not  a  paying  investment. 

How’s  that  for  a  proposition?  If  I  did  not  have 
best  spreader  I  would  not  dare  make  such  an  offer. 

More  than  50,000  farmers  have  stamped  their  O.K. 
on  it. 


They  all  tried  it  30  days  free  just  like  I  ask  you 
to  try  it — 30  DAYS  FREE.  Five  Sizes — Including 
New  Complete  Steel  Gear  Spreader— 70-bu.  Size. 

Drop  me  a  postal,  and  say — “Galloway,  send  me 
your  new  proposition  and  Big  Spreader  BOOK 
FREE  with  low  prices  direct  from  your  factory.” 

Freight 
Prepaid 


Fits 

Your 

Own 

Wagon 


FULL  BARREL  LOTS  of  slightly  damaged  Stoneware 
shipped  to  any  address  direct  from  Pottery  at 
New  Brighton,  IJa.,  for  81 :  Lots  are  well  assorted 
containing  crocks,  jars,  pans,  bowls,  pitchers,  tea 
and  beanpots,  a  little  of  each.  Send  cash  with 
order;  Write  us.  E.  SWASEY  &  CO.,  Poriland,  Me. 


Indian  Runner  Ducks,  84  per  pair,  from  260-egg  strain. 
Eggs,  81.00  and  82.00  per  12.  C.  GORDON,  Sprakers,  N.  Y. 


S.  C.  Black  MinorcasE»LV’SrV0c»isTHi 

SWIGART,  Goshen  Poultry  Farm.  R.F.D.,  Fulion  House,  Pa. 


rpHE  FARMERS’  NATIONAL  BANK  of  Union 
A  City,  Michigan,  located  at  Union  City,  in  the 
ot  M' 


igai 

holders  and  other  creditors  of  the  association  are 
therefore  hereby  notified  to  present  the  notes  and 
other  claims  for  payment.  T.  ,,TTT,T  t  T ,  , 
Dated  April  28,  1911.  u •  D-  BCELL,  Prest. 


WANTED— On  private  estate,  a  single  man  to  take 
charge  of  10  Ayrshire  cows,  a  few  pigs  and  poultry, 
$35  per  month.  Address  P.  O.  .Box  32,  Norfolk,  C'onh. 


White  Egg  Strain  of  SffigSr’IM 
Indian  Runner  Ducks  B'cSl 


LARGE  ENGLISH  YORKSHIRES. 

Last  Fall  Pigs  from  Prize  Winning,  Registered 
Stock,  for  sale  at  reasonable  prices. 

CHAS.  W.  SWITZER  -  -  SOUTH  EUCLID,  OHIO. 


U/ ANTED— Intelligent  youngman  on  la rgegreen house 
»■  establishment:  good  character,  willing  worker; 
splendid  opportunity.  R.  C.  PYE,  Nyack-on-Hudson,  N.Y. 


WANTED  n  AIRYIAAM  competent  to  supervise 
EXPERIENCED  UrtinilYIAN  conversion  of  farm  of  275 
acres  within  two  miles  of  the  City  of  Cleveland  into 
a  dairy  farm  and  operate  same.  Preference  given  to 
one  able  to  contribute  something  to  the  business  on 
the  basis  of  a  favorable  working  interest.  Address 
D.  &  H.,  1915  Garfield  Bldg.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 


YOUNG  MEN  WANTED  to  learn 
VETERINARY  profession.  Catalogue 
free.  Grand  rapids  Veterinary 
College,  Dep.15,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  CO.,  Com 
mission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York. 


ni.KASE  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com- 
r  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter, 
Eggs.  Poultry,  Pork,  Calves.  Bay,  Grain.  Beans, 
Appies,  etc.  H.  II.  WOODWARD,  302  Uwinvleh  St.,  N.Y. 


JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY. 


I  Cft  Farmc  F  0K  SALE  CHEAP,  ill  fertile 
IJU  luMUo  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horace  G.  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa. 


ATTRACTIVE  COUNTRY  RESIDENCE. 

suitable  for  a  gentleman’s  Summer  home;  also  a  prac¬ 
tical  business  farm;  house  of  It  rooms,  broad  piazza, 
beautiful  outlook;  cottage,  barn,  greenhouse,  poultry 
house,  &c.,  till  in  prime  condition;  100  acres  choice 
land,  45  of  tillage,  valuable  and  beautiful  wood  lot; 
select  neighborhood ;  %  mile  to  steam  and  electric  cars. 
DISTINCTLY  A  BARGAIN. 


QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  18S5 


Boston  Produce  Go. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.,  -  Boston. 


L.  T.  IIADLEY,  840  Main  St.,  Worcester,  Muss. 


FINE  NEW  YORK  STATE  FARM  FOR  SALE 

For  a  quick  sale'I  am  offering  my  farm  at  a  bargain. 
539  acres  sevon  miles  from  heart  of  Syracuse,  N.  Y., 
on  the  Utica-Syraeuse  trolley  lino,  also  the  trunk 
line  of  State  road  east  and  west  through  tho 
county.  Buildings  all  in  best  of  condition,  many 
of  them  new.  Price,  $29,999.99.  For  further  par¬ 
ticulars  address; 

M.  CROUSE  KL0CK,  200  W.  Water  Street,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


COLORADO  FARM  VALUES  GAIN  300% 

Thirty  per  cent  every  year,  300  per  cent  in  ten 
years,  is  the  gain  in  value  of  Colorado  farm  lands 
just  reported  by  the  United  States  census.  In  the 
next  ton  years,  witli  further  extension  of  irrigation 
there  will  be  a  still  groater  gain.  Colorado  farms 
often  pay  for  themselves  in  two  or  three  years,  and 
sometimes  in  one.  Double  crops  and  higli -priced 
markets.  Sunshine  and  health-restoring  climate. 
Thirty  thousand  more  farmers  can  build  substan¬ 
tial  bank  accounts  while  supplying  the  dairy,  hog 
and  poultry  products  now  consumed  annually  in 
tli is  State.  Write  us  for  official  information. 
COLORADO  STATE  BOARD  OK  IMMIGRA¬ 
TION,  314  State  House,  Denver,  Colorado. 


GKO.  P.  HAMMOND.  EST.  1875.  FRANK  W.  GODWIN 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  CO., 

Commission  Merchants  and  Dealers  in  all  kinds  of 
COIJNTKY  PRODUCE,  Apples,  Peaches,  Ber 
ries  Butter,  Eggs.  Cheese,  Poultry.  Mushrooms 
and  llot-house  Products  a  Specialty.  Consignments 
Solicited.  34  &  3G  Little  13tli  St.,  New  York 


STRAWBERRIES. 


Calves,  Poultry,  Fancy  Eggs,  Hothouse  Products, 
Fruits,  Vegetables.  Top  prices  secured  for  choice 
goods.  Correspondence  solicited. 

Archdeacon  &  Co.,  100  Murray  St.,  N.Y. 


SHIP  YOUR  CONSIGNMENTS 

- TO - 

GEO.  OLIVER  &  COMPANY 

Established  1850 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 

WEST  WASHINGTON  MARKET,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 

PROMPT  RETURNS 


Which  One  Will  You 
Test  on  Your  Farm 
for  Ninety  Days  ? 

Freight  Prepaid 

Which  will  yon  try.  30  Days’  Free  or  90  Days’  Ap¬ 
proval  Test? 

— Any  capacity  from  200  to  950  pounds  per  hour, 
according  to  your  needs,  and  I’ll  save  you  from  $25.00 
to  850.00  on  the  price. 

— The  only  Separator  whose  gearing  runs  in  a  "Bath 
of  Oil”  like  a  $5,000  automobile — Feature  worth  $50.00  alone. 

— Automatically  oils  itself — Pour  oil  at  the  top.oncc  a  month 
from  your  oil  jug  or  can — No  danger  of  running  dry.  or 
it  like  others— No  oil  cups  to  remember  to  fill  or  turn  up  tv 

— Dust-proof — Danger-proof — All  gears  enclosed — simple  but 
standard  built  and  absolutely  dependable. 

rGALLOWA  Y’S  i 


HIGH  GRADE  STANDARD  CREAM 

—Has  the  only  revolving:  supply  tank— worth  $15.00  alone. 

— Easiest  to  clean  and  the  lew  parts  come  out  easy  and 
can’t  get  back  out  of  place. 

—  Easiest  to  run — high  crank — low  tank.  With  no  high 
lifting  and  nc  “back-breaking”  cranking. 

Gets  the  finest  quality  cream  and  all  of  it — no  lumps 
or  churning,  as  Nature’s  true  principle  is  followed  without 
forcing  either  the  milk  or  cream  the  wrong  way  up  or  down. 

Skims  closest  in  any  climate  or  season,  no  mattet 
whether  your  milk  is  warm  or  cold. 

— Is  as  handsome  a  machine,  compact  and  substantial, 
as  you  ever  saw  or  could  find.  Beautiful  finish. 


SERA R A  TORS 

— Let  me  send  you  my  Big  New  Sep¬ 
arator  Book — post  paid — Free,  so  you  and  your  wife  and 
the  boys  and  girls  can  talk  it  over  and  then  try  one  of 
my  separators  under  my  easy  plan  for  you  to  do  it. 

You’ll  call  it  the  best  if  you  test  it  alongside  any  of  the 
highest  priced  $85.00  and  $110.00  separators  sold  by 
anybody  today — makers — catalog  houses— dealers — jobbers 
QM  anybody  else.  Write  me  today. 

Wm.  Galloway,  Pres. 

MW.  GALLOWAY  COMPANY 

BBS  Galloway  Sta.r  Waterloo,  la. 


600 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


May  13,  1911. 


Guarantee  7*7  ^ 

of  the  running  gear  to  be  made  , 
.  of  triple  A  grade  Straight  A 
Y  Grained  Split  Hickory — the  AJ 
same  growth  exactly  as  AJr 
yk  this  sp®ke  which  I  send  // 
Sjr^p*  unpainfed  as  a  sample  /Jr  5* 
of  the  material  used  AS  191 
with  every  Buggy  // 

WAj$77  I  ship  AjA 


Get  My  Bor 4,  See  My  Styles 
and  Compare  My  Prices 

Then  Decide 


WANT  to  pay  the 
postage  on  my  big 
free  book  for  1911. 
It’s  the  only  salesman  I 
have.  Every  year  I  write 
a  book  on  buggies  and  this 
1911  Book  is  the  best  to  date. 


A  Greater  Variety  of  Vehicles  in 
This  Book  Than  in  10  Large 
Towns  or  25  Dealers 9  Stores 


In  it  I  give  you  the  practi¬ 
cal  facts  I’ve  learned  as  a  buggy 
designer  and  manufacturer.  Don’t 
buy  until  you  know  these  facts.  I’m 
glad  to  give  you  this  information  about 
buggies.  I  don’t  ask  you  to  buy  of  me 
— unless  you’re  convinced.  But  I  do 
believe  you  need  this  information — this  big 
buggy  book.  Send  me  a  postal  for  it  today. 

This  book  shows  you  by  photographs  a  vehicle  torn  to  pieces.  Every  part  shown 
clearly  with  full  description — how  it  should  be  made — what  it  should  be  made  of.  Do 
you  know  why  it  is  important  to  have  Phelps  guaranteed  wheels?  I  tell  you  in  this  1911 
book.  Read  about  the  triple  A  straight  grained  Hickory — a  grade  you’ll  never  find  in  a 
stock  buggy.  I  send  you  a  sample  Split  Hickory  Spoke  (unpainted)  with  every  buggy  I 
sell — and  I  guarantee  every  wheel  to  be  made  of  the  same  straight  grained  second  growth 
shell  bark  Hickory  as  the  sample.  Send  for  the  book  with  the  125  styles  of  auto  seat 
buggies,  surreys,  runabouts,  phaetons,  road  wagons  and  harness.  Direct  factory  prices — 
$25  to  $75  saving,  according  to  the  vehicle  you  buy. 

Split  Hickory  Vehicles 

30  Days  Free  Road  Test — 2  Years  Guarantee 


Manufacturer  of  Trade-Marked 
Split  Hickory  Vehicles 


Split  Hickory  Vehicles  are  the  highest 
grade  that’s  made.  I  have  sold  over 
140,000  of  these  made-to-order  vehicles 
to  farmers  everywhere.  I  want  you  to 
know  them.  I  want  you  to  get  my  entire 
proposition.  I  want  to  tell  you  all  the  im¬ 
portant  points  about  a  buggy.  I  want  to  tell 
you  how  and  why  I  use  the  Triple  A  grade  wheels 
on  every  Split  Hickory  Vehicle  I  make;  why  I  send 
a  sample  unpainted  spoke  with  each  buggy  sold,  guar¬ 
anteeing  the  same  material  in  the  wheels,  running  gear, 
etc.,  in  your  vehicle. 


Wonft  you  let  me  mail  you  this  catalogue?  It’s  the  biggest  display  room 
of  vehicles  in  the  world.  It  gives  you  a  chance  to  get  just  the 
vehicle  you  want — when  you  want  it — at  rock-bottom  factory 
prices.  Don’t  choose  from  the  four  or  five  buggies  the 
dealer  happens  to  have  on  hand — satisfy  your  own  prefer¬ 
ences  in  style,  finish,  upholstering,  etc.  And  don’t 
pay  the  extra  dealer’s  profit.  Send  for  the  Big 
Display  Book  of  Buggy  Styles.  You  need  it  as  a 
reference.  Phelps  wants  to  mail  it  to  you  FREE. 

A  postal  brings  it.  Send  that  postal.  Address 

H.  C.  Phelps,  President 

The  Ohio  Carriage  Mfg.  Co. 

The  Largest  Baggy  Factory  in  the  World  Selling  Direct  to  Consumer 

Station  290  Columbus,  Ohio. 


You 

May  Give 
This  Auto 
SeatBuggy 
a  30- Day 
Free  Road 
Test 


MAPES  THE  HEN  MAN  COMES  BACK  WITH 
A  NEW  HEN  STORY. 

On  June  10,  1910,  you  published  an  article  by  Mr. 
Mapes ;  also  gave  illustration  of  brooding  house.  What 
success  did  Mr.  Mapes  have  in  brooding  such  a  large  num¬ 
ber  of  chicks  in  one  house?  I  have  been  waiting  patiently 
for  him  to  say  something.  I  should  think  he  would  have 
plenty  of  trouble  at  feeding  time.  Please  see  if  you  can 
waken  him.  w.  h.  c. 

Pocomoke,  Md. 

I  can  report  that  while  my  open-end  house  is  a 
decided  success  as  a  home  for  laying  hens,  it  is  still 


they  were  three  weeks  old,  and  then  trouble  began. 
They  began  dying  at  the  rate  of  six  to  10  a  day, 
having  all  the  symptoms  of  my  old  epidemic  which  I 
have  called  white  diarrheea.  This  was  soon  after  the 
picture  was  taken _that  was  reproduced  in  The  R. 
N.-Y.  This  ran  along  for  four  or  five  weeks,  after 
which  the  survivors  did  nearly  as  well  as  the  other 
flock.  There  were  220  pullets  left  from  this  flock  at 
the  close  of  the  season.  By  arrangement  with  Prof. 
Rice  a  number  of  the  dead  specimens  were  sent  to 
Cornell,  packed  in  ice,  where  a  careful  examination 


temperature  of  90  to  100  degrees  Fall,  as  mine  did. 
I  was  fortunate  enough  to  escape  a  conflagration,  but 
had  some  frights  from  smoke.  I  have  since  experi¬ 
mented  with  both  gasoline  and  denatured  alcohol  with 
poor  satisfaction.  On  account  of  a  press  of  other 
work  last  season  I  did  not  get  ready  to  try  that 
experiment  of  1,000  all  in  one  flock.  I  have  four 
incubators  running  at  this  writing,  with  a  new  house, 
24x36  feet,  about  ready  for  the  hatch,  be  it  1,000  more 
or  less.  The  brooding  compartment  in  this  house  is 
12x22  feet,  and  it  will  be  warmed  with  hot  water 


HENS  BUSY  IN  HOUSE  BUILT  FROM  PROCEEDS  FROM  TWO  HUNDRED  HENS-FORTY  DAYS.  Fig.  203. 


INTERIOR  OF  THE  FORTY-DAY  HOUSE-WARMING  CURTAIN  IN  PLACE.  Fig.  204. 


in  the  experimental  stage  as  a  mammoth  brooder.  My 
first  hatch  of  605  chicks  got  through  in  good  shape 
without  any  appearance  of  the  old  epidemic  which 
I  Have  called  white  diarrhoea  for  want  of  any  other 
name.  They  were  thrifty  throughout  the  season,  and 
I  had  no  trouble  with  crowding  at  feeding  time,  or,  in 
fact,  at  any  time.  The  cockerels  were  removed  as  fast 
as  they  got  heavy  enough  for  squab  broilers,  without 
keeping  count  of  them.  Of  this  lot  260  pullets  lived, 
and  200  of  them  were  left  in  the  House  in  order  to  see 
if  they  would  “make  good.”  They  have  never  known 
any  other  home  since  leaving  the  incubator. 

The  other  lot  of  650  chicks  did  equally  as  well  until 


was  made  by  the  Department  of  Pathology  and  Bac¬ 
teriology,  with  special  reference  to  the  germs  of 
coccidiosis  and  baccillary  white  diarrheea.  Dr.  Jones 
reported  that  they  could  find  no  germs  of  either  dis¬ 
ease  or  of  any  other  known  disease.  It  is  certain, 
however,  that  the  flock  was  thrifty  for  the  first  three 
weeks,  that  about  200  of  them  were  then  diseased 
enough  to  die,  and  that  for  the  remainder  of  the  sea¬ 
son  there  were  practically  no  deaths.  My  present 
private  belief  is  that  the  disease  is  something  akin  to 
epidemic  roup  in  older  birds. 

Kerosene  is  not  an  ideal  source  of  heat  for  a 
brooder,  particularly  when  the  fount  must  sit  in  a 


from  a  coal  fire.  I  expect  this  will  eliminate  the 
danger  from  both  fire  and  bad  air. 

Are  the  200  hens  left  in  the  40-day  house  “making 
good” ? 

It  will  be  remembered  that  this  first  house  was 
built  with  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  eggs  laid  by  200 
hens,  at  market  rates,  in  40  days,  hence  the  name  of 
a  40-day  house.  It  is  reproduced  at  Fig.  208.  The 
heating  apparatus  was  removed  from  the  brooding 
compartment  in  the  rear  end  of  the  house  as  soon  as 
chicks  were  old  enough  to  get  along  without  artificial 
heat,  and  perches  installed  as  shown  in  Fig.  203,  which 
is  an  interior  view  of  the  house  taken  during  the  day, 


002 

when  the  hens  were  attending  to  business,  as  will  be 
seen  by  the  crowded  condition  of  the  nests,  and  the 
group  of  hens  eating  dry  mash  from  the  big  hopper. 

On  page  307  W.  J.  Dougan  says  that  “if  anyone 
can  build  cheaper  ($1  per  hen)  for  a  good  house,  they 
can  beat  me.”  This  house  cost  $80  (without  the 
brooding  compartment)  and  houses  200  hens,  with 
about  three  feet  of  floor  space  per  hen.  I  am  almost 
afraid  to  tell  the  truth  about  it  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  for 
fear  I  will  be  accused  of  telling  fairy  tales. 

Fig.  204  gives  an  interior  view  of  one  of  the  40-day 
houses  without  the  brooding  compartment  This  is 
unpatented,  and  equal  to  it  for  all  purposes  except 
for  brooding  young  chicks.  It  is  24x36  feet  and 
iarge  enough  to  accommodate  300  hens.  It  is  only 
partially  stocked  as  yet,  and  has  nests  only  on  one 
side.  More  nests  will  be  installed  as  needed,  there 
being  plenty  of  room  against  the  roof.  The  base  on 
which  the  dry  mash  bin  rests  is  the  only  thing  about 
the  furnishing  that  obstructs  any  of  the  floor  space. 
The  hens  have  the  whole  floor  space  to  themselves. 
The  only  way  we  could  photograph  such  a  wide  room 
at  close  range  was  by  joining  two  separate  exposures. 
There  are  just  six  pieces  of  furniture,  hirst  on  the 
right  is  seen  the  end  of  the  drinking  trough.  This  is 
metal  lined,  is  raised  from  the  floor  high  enough  so 
that  the  hens  cannot  scratch  litter  into  it,  has  a  wide 
cover  that  protects  the  water  from  droppings,  and 
extends  through  the  wire  front  so  that  it  can  be  filled 
without  opening  the  door.  It  can  also  be  emptied 
from  the  outside  end  by  pulling  a  plug.  The  wide 
cover  was  shoved  partly  to  one  side  when  the  picture 
was  taken,  better  to  show  the  trough.  Next  on  the 
right  comes  the  dry  mash  bin  or  hopper.  This  also 
is  elevated  from  the  floor  enough  to  avoid  litter  being 
scratched  into  the  feed.  The  cover  to  this  is  sloping 
so  that  the  hens  cannot  perch  on  it.  It  is  large 
enough  to  hold  at  least  a  week  s  supply  for  300  hens. 

Between  the  perches  and  the  feed  bin  and  nests  is 
a  muslin  curtain  to  be  lowered  on  extremely  cold 
nights.  One  part  of  the  curtain  was  dropped  in  place 
while  the  picture  was  being  taken.  The  perches  are 
high  and  the  curtains  do  not  extend  clear  to  the 
floor.  This  allows  the  floor  to  be  cleaned  if  desired 
without  moving  the  perches,  and  the  curtains  can 
be  left  down  all  day  if  desired,  as  the  hens  can  easily 
pass  under  them. 

The  nests  are  just  high  enough  for  a  man  to  pick 
the  eggs  from  them  without  bending  his  back.  The 
foot-board  running  along  in  front  of  the  nests  is 
hinged  to  the  nests.  It  can  be  folded  up  to  close  the 
entrance  to  the  nests  at  night.  There  is  then  no  place 
in  the  house  a  hen  can  get  foothold  except  on  the 
perches.  A  barrel  shown  near  the  window  in  Fig.  203 
holds  a  supply  of  mixed  grain.  This  also  has  a  slop¬ 
ing  cover. 

Now  we  are  ready  for  a  true  fairy  story.  The  flock 
shown  at  Fig.  203,  which  has  never  known  any  other 
home,  is  cared  for  by  the  expenditure  of  two  minutes 
of  my  time  each  morning,  and  three  minutes  again 
each  evening,  not  guesswork,  but  by  the  watch.  The 
price  of  eggs  is  unusually  low  this  season,  hut  in  the 
pasts  40  days  they  have  laid  not  less  than  i02  and  not 
more  than  145  eggs  a  day,  a  total  of  402  dozen,  which 
have  been  sold  by  the  crate  at  26  cents  per  dozen, 
a  total  of  $104.52.  This  more  than  pays  the  original 
cost  of  their  house.  In  the  45  days  just  passed  they 
have  eaten  1,215  pounds  mixed  grain  costing  $14.58, 
and  000  pounds  dry  mash  costing  $14.40,  besides  60 
pounds  green  cut  bone  costing  $1.80,  a  total  for  feed 
of  $30.78.  The  number  of  eggs  laid  in  the  45  days 
has  been  5,451,  worth  $118.10  at  26  cents  per  dozen. 
Five  minutes  labor  per  day  for  the  45  days  amounts 
to  225  minutes,  or  nearly  four  hours.  Here  is  clear 
return  above  the  cost  of  feed  and  labor  to  pay  for  a 
good  house  in  45  days.  Think  of  it,  $S7.32  return  for 
four  hours’  labor  on  a  farm!  The  200  hens  are 
worth  about  a  dollar  each,  the  price  of  two  good 
cows.  Where  would  two  cows  be  in  a  contest  with 
200  good  hens?  Suppose  I  could  get  45  cents  per 
dozen  for  eggs,  as  Mr.  Dougan  does,  or  that  I  had 
enough  such  flocks  to  keep  me  busy  feeding  for  an 
hour  before  breakfast! 

How  do  I  care  for  the  hens  so  quickly? 

In  the  first  place,  I  have  my  feed  man  fill  the  barrel 
with  mixed  grain  and  the  bin  with  dry  mash  about 
once  a  week.  The  droppings  pay  for  a  man’s  time  to 
clean  up  as  often  as  is  necessary.  The  late  Prof. 
Gowell  taught  that  in  connection  with  a  dry  mash 
constantly  before  the  hens,  it  was  good  practice  to 
give  mixed  grain  in  two  feeds  daily,  one  in  the  early 
morning,  and  the  other  about  10  a.  m.  I  go  him  one 
better,  and  teach  that  it  is  good  practice  to  give  the 
entire  daily  allowance  of  mixed  grain  at  one  feed,  in 
the  morning,  before  the  hens  are  released  from  the 
house.  Mine  find  their  drink,  except  in  freezing 
weather,  at  a  nearby  spring  brook. 

About  7  a.  m.  I  unlock  the  door,  open  the  nests,  see 
that  the  dry  mash  hopper  is  not  clogged,  then  remove 


•THE  RURAL)  NEW-VORKER 

the  cover  from  the  barrel  and  take  out  two  pails  of 
mixed  grain.  Of  course,  I  don't  scatter  this  by  hand¬ 
fuls,  but  by  placing  one  hand  on  the  bottom  of  the 
pail,  with  the  handle  in  the  other  hand,  a  few  semi¬ 
circular  motions  of  the  pail  distributes  it  in  the  litter 
as  I  walk  across  the  floor.  This  is  repeated  with  the 
second  pailful,  and  the  job  is  done  until  next  morn¬ 
ing,  except  to  come  at  evening  and  gather  the  eggs, 
close  the  nests  and  lock  the  door.  With  the  basket  on 
my  left  arm.  I  carry  four  eggs  at  a  time  from  the 
nest  to  the  basket  with  my  right  hand.  Ten  or  12 
dozen  eggs  can  thus  he  transferred  from  these  nests 
to  a  basket  in  short  order.  There  is  nothing  remark¬ 
able  about  this  record  unless  it  be  the  small  amount 
of  labor  required  with  the  use  of  modern  appliances 
and  methods.  Sixty  per  cent  of  eggs  daily  is  not 


CONSTRUCTION  OF  APPLE  STORAGE.  Fig.  205. 


unusual,  and  26  cents  per  dozen  is  not  a  big  price  for 
the  eggs.  There  is  danger  that  the  publication  of 
this  true  story  may  lead  some  novices  to  think  that 
anyone  can  make  an  easy  living  by  investing  a  few 
hundred  dollars  in  hens.  Alas,  that  there  must  be 
so  many  bitter  lessons  of  failure  and  disappointment 
before  success  is  apt  to  come  to  most  of  those  who 
embark  in  the  poultry  business  without  previous  ex¬ 
perience  !  I  neglected  to  say  that  twice  a  week  I  give 
that  pen  of  hens  five  pounds  of  green  cut  bone  which 
my  butcher  furnishes  ready  ground  at  three  cents  per 
pound.  o.  w.  MAPES. 


SIMPLE  APPLE  STORAGE. 

I  noticed  in  a  recent  number  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  some 
observer  said  that  apples  were  coming  out  of  cold 
storage  browned,  having  been  in  storage  too  long. 
I  remember  also  seeing  an  item  in  the  Hope  Farm 
Notes,  about  April  last  year,  where  the  writer  mourned 
the  departure  of  baked  apple  season.  It  is  neither 
difficult  nor  expensive  to  build  a  fruit  storage  house 
that  will  give  first-class  results.  My  photograph  shows 
such  a  house.  Fig.  206.  The  frame  and  rafters  are 
2x4  hemlock,  and  the  siding  is  rough  inch  boards. 
The  iron  gutters  will  not  be  necessary  if  sufficient 
overhang  is  given  to  the  eaves.  The  walls  are  10  inches 
thick,  and  there  are  two  doors,  one  opening  inward 
and  the  other  outward.  Between  the  doors  we  put 
two  mattresses  made  of  cheap  muslin  or  ticking  and 
stuffed  with  hay.  The  walls  are  double,  being  12 


FARM-MADE  APPLE  STORAGE.  Fig.  20(5. 

inches  apart,  and  filled  in  between  with  manure.  We 
built  this  house  last  Autumn,  too  late  to  get  the  best 
results  from  it,  as  the  fresh  manure  kept  the  house 
warm  too  late  into  the  Winter.  However,  we  wintered 
about  120  bushels  of  apples  in  it  with  about  one  per 
cent  loss  and  about  50  bushels  of  potatoes  with  abso¬ 
lutely  no  loss.  Apples  and  potatoes  were  packed  in 
ordinary  bushel  crates  and  stacked  to  the  roof.  To¬ 
day,  the  first  of  May,  there  are  about  20  bushels  in 
the  house,  the  Greenings  and  Spies  and  potatoes  in 
perfect  condition,  hard  and  plump.  The  Russets  are 
just  a  little  off  condition,  not  enough  to  show  wrinkles 
or  rot.  Of  course,  the  wood  that  is  underground  will 


May  20, 

rot,  but  such  a  house  will  stand  up  and  give  service 
for  seven  or  eight  years,  and  by  that  time  we  expect 
to  need  one  ten  times  as  large.  f.  a.  k. 

Scranton,  Pa. 


WIREWORMS  AND  MICE. 

I  bought  a  farm  of  120  acres,  about  SO  acres  being  clear 
and  remainder  in  timber.  The  farm  has  been  neglected, 
and  I  have  about  20  acres  I  am  plowing  for  corn  first.  I 
burnt  the  fields  over  and  I  take  notice  that  the  land  is 
just  full  of  these  short-tailed  meadow  mice.  Could  you 
tell  me  of  any  remedy  to  clear  the  land  of  these  pests? 
1  know  from  experience  that  they  do  a  lot  of  damage  to 

the  corn,  eating  it,  and  it  is  very  hard  to  get  a  stand. 

C.  H.  G. 

You  have  a  case  of  “clean  culture.”  Nothing  except 
thorough  working  of  that  soil  will  clean  out  the  ver¬ 
min.  It  will  take  two  years  at  least  of  thorough  stir¬ 
ring  to  get  rid  of  those  wireworms.  The  only  thing 
you  can  do  now  to  hurry  up  this  process  would  be  to 
turn  a  good-sized  drove  of  hungry  hogs  into  the  field 
after  rough  plowing.  Do  not  feed  them  much.  Make 
it  a  case  or  “root  hog  or  die.”  They  will  rip  the 
whole  field  over  and  get  thousands  of  the  mice  and 
worms.  Keep  these  hogs  there  as  long  as  possible, 
delaying  corn  planting.  The  plan  of  killing  out  wire- 
worms  with  ashes  or  salt  will  not  succeed.  Y  ou 
would  have  to  use  enough  salt  to  spoil  the  land  to 
kill  the  worms.  The  “Mark  Lane  Express”  tells  of  a 
backyard  gardener  who  lost  radishes  by  the  maggots. 
His  friend  advised  the  use  of  salt: 

“Well,”  said  the  friend,  when  next  they  met,  “and  did 
you  try  the  salt  on  those  insects?” 

“Yes.”  replied  the  gardener,  tears  once  more  in  his  eyes, 
“and  the  next  morning,  when  T  went  to  look,  the  little 
beggars  were  pulling  up  the  radishes,  dipping  them  in  the 
salt,  and  devouring  them  by  the  dozen.” 


WHAT  SHALL  WE  DO  WITH  THE  MANURE? 

Nearly  all  dairymen  and  many  stock  feeders  have 
concrete  floors  and  covered  feed  lots,  and  the  manure 
problem  to  them  is  when  to  apply  it  to  the  land; 
but  there  are  a  great  many  farmers  who  feed  a  few 
steers,  usually  around  a  straw  rick  or  near  an  open 
shed,  during  Winter.  Perhaps  such  methods  are 
crude,  wasteful  and  primitive,  but  the  fact  remains 
that  there  are  many  instances  of  the  sort,  and  in  most 
cases  carelessness  and  shiftlessness  are  not  responsible 
for  the  practice.  T  can  prove  the  truth  of  the  latter 
statement  if  any  one  doubts  the  assertion.  Cattle  fed 
roughage  and  a  small  grain  ration  usually  run  on  pas¬ 
ture  in  the  Spring  as  soon  as  the  grass  starts,  or  as 
soon  as  the  ground  gets  solid,  but  the  feed  is  con¬ 
tinued  up  to  near  May  1  in  southern  Ohio,  and  there 
is  small  incentive  to  clean  up  the  feed  lot  accumula¬ 
tion  of  manure  until  near  the  end  of  the  feeding 
period.  However,  it  is  usually  during  March  and 
April  that  we  must  break  the  sod  fields  intended  for 
corn  or  oats,  and  manure  hauling  at  such  a  time  inter¬ 
feres  seriously  with  the  plowing,  to  say  nothing  of 
hauling  heavy  wet  manure  over  soft  fields,  with  teams 
not  yet  accustomed  to  hard  work  after  a  Winter’s 
idleness.  Of  course  the  horse  stables  and  all  other 
stables  are  cleaned  up,  and  the  manure  hauled  and 
spread  a?  fast  as  made,  or  practically  so;  that  is, 
no  large  quantities  are  allowed  to  accumulate,  but  the 
real  problem  is  the  manure  in  the  feed  lot  where  a  lot 
of  steers  have  been  wintered.  One  would  like  to 
have  such  manure  spread  thinly  on  our  sod  fields  be¬ 
fore  breaking,  but  a  large  acreage  under  the  plow 
and  a  late  wet  Spring,  like  the  present  one,  compels 
one  to  make  other  plans.  I  am  not  writing  this  as  one 
who  has  solved  the  problem,  but  as  one  who  is  seek¬ 
ing  a  way  out  of  the  difficulty.  One  way  is  to  leave 
the  manure  in  the  feed  lots  till  after  wheat  harvest, 
and  then  spread  on  the  stubble  to  benefit  the  young 
clover.  This  is  ideal  if  the  manure  is  under  cover, 
but  in  the  cases  under  consideration  it  is  not,  and  it  is 
during  the  Summer  that  manure  wastes  so  rapidly 
when  exposed. 

Another  way  is  to  haul  the  manure  after  corn  plant¬ 
ing  and  spread  thinly  over  the  cornfields.  _  My  experi¬ 
ence  and  observation  is  that  the  manure  is  too  much 
in  the  way  of  cultivation.  To  put  it  on  the  meadows 
might  do  the  hay  crop  good,  but  much  of  the  coarse 
part  would  be  raked  up  with  the  hay.  Now  it  seems 
that  we  must  compromise  with  some  of  these  con¬ 
ditions,  and  which  ones  is  the  question.  If  anyone 
has  a  good  working  plan,  will  he  please  tell  us  about 
it?  A  covered  feed  lot  is  the  best  solution,  but  the 
present  status  of  cattle  feeding  does  not  justify  such 
an  expensive  one.  We  have  had  much  wet  weather 
in  March  and  April  this  year,  and  though  much  sod 
is  broken,  but  little  oats  have  been  sown  yet,  April  13, 
and  there  is  lots  of  clover  sod  to  break  and  manure  to 
get  out.  We  have  had  two  days’  rain  this  week,  with 
prospects  for  more  soon.  Two  or  three  working  days 
each  week  are  about  all  we  can  count  on,  or  at  least 
that  is  about  the  number  we  have  had  in  each  of 
the  past  three  or  four  weeks.  One  good  feature  is 
that  the  weather  has  been  warm  enough  for  the  grow¬ 
ing  grass,  but  that  is  a  minor  consideration  when  so 
much  team  work  remains  to  be  done.  So  far  as  the 
feed-lot  manure  is  concerned,  it  will  have  to  take  care 
of  itself  until  a  more  propitious  time  for  getting  it  out 
on  the  fields.  w-  D* 

Hillsboro,  Ohio. 


wii- 

CHEMICALS  FOR  THE  HAY  CROP. 

I  firmly  believe  that  the  best  and  most  permanent 
results  in  fertilizing  the  hay  crop  are  produced  by 
lightly  top-dressing  meadows  with  fresh  stable  manure 
in  which  shavings  or  other  fine  litter  has  been  used 
for  bedding.  Of  course,  there  must  be  a  good  stand 
of  hay  plants  to  fertilize.  It  will  not  pay  to  fertilize 
weeds.  In  addition  to  the  immediate  stimulation 
caused  by  the  leaching  of  soluble  plant  food  into  the 
soil  where  the  grass  roots  are  spread  out,  there  is 
the  effect  of  the  mulch  around  the  grass  plants  and 
the  gradual  decay  of  the  fibrous  portions  of  the 
manure  into  humus.  The  saving  of  moisture  and 
the  slow  addition  of  plant  food  after  the  hay  crop  is 
cut  will  go  a  long  way  toward  insuring  a  crop  of  hay 
on  the  same  field  the  season  following) 

I  know  a  hard-headed  farmer  in  Ohio  who  bought 
a  manure  spreader  a  few  years  ago  and  began  the 
practice  of  top-dressing  his  meadows.  At  first  he 
spread  12  loads  per  acre  on  land  naturally  adapted  to 
grass.  The  result  was  a  growth  of  Timothy  so 
abundant  that  it  lodged  badly.  He  profited  by  that 
experience,  and  next  year  used  just  half  the  former 
amount  of  manure,  or  six  loads  of  manure  per  acre. 
I  saw  the  next  crop  when  he  was  cutting  it.  Some 
portions  of  the  field  were  lodged,  but  most  of  it  stood 
up  as  thick  as  grass  ought  to  stand.  I 
tried  wading  through  it,  and  found  it  a 
tiresome  job,  so  abundant  was  the 
growth.  This  farmer  knows  that  when 
he  plows  up  his  meadow  for  corn  he  will 
be  likely  to  get  a  good  crop  of  corn 
without  using  very  much  manure  or  fer¬ 
tilizer  on  the  corn.  I  know  there  are 
farmers  who  do  not  have  available  suit¬ 
able  manure  for  top-dressing  their 
meadows.  The  wisest  thing  for  them  to 
do  in  order  to  get  the  most  profitable 
yields,  is  to  use  commercial  fertilizers 
of  the  best  grades.  On  natural  grass 
lands  available  nitrogen  is  the  most  im¬ 
portant  element  to  apply.  Some  phos¬ 
phorus  and  potash  combined  with  the 
nitrogen  are  usually  profitable. 

Bulletin  261  of  the  Cornell  University 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station  gives 
the  results  obtained  with  fertilizers  for 
Timothy  hay  on  the  clay  loam  soil  of  the 
University  Farm.  For  general  practice 
a  mixture  of  200  pounds  nitrate  of  soda, 

100  pounds  acid  phosphate,  and  50 
pounds  muriate  of  potash  per  acre  is 
suggested.  I  saw  this  tried  out  in  prac¬ 
tice  last  year  on  a  meadow  which  was 
seeded  with  rye  in  the  Autumn  of  1905. 

As  no  hay  was  cut  from  it  in  1906,  the 
year  when  the  rye  was  harvested,  we  can 
say  that  the  field  had  yielded  three  con¬ 
secutive  crops  before  it  was  fertilized. 

As  this  field  was  in  the  hands  of  a  renter 
during  these  three  years,  no  fertilizer 
of  any  kind  was  applied  to  it,  but  I 
should  call  it  the  most  fertile  field  on 
this  farm.  It  was  easily  the  best  looking 
field  of  Timothy  hay  in  the  neighbor¬ 
hood  in  the  season  of  1909,  an  unusually 
poor  season  in  this  locality-  As  there 
was  a  good  stand  of  plants  on  the  field 
in  the  Spring  of  1910,  some  fertilizer  was 
purchased  rather  late  and  applied  April 
27,  after  the  grass  had  begun  to  grow. 

The  fertilizer  was  made  up  according  to  the  rule 
given  above  and  mixed  on  the  barn  floor.  The  ma¬ 
terials  cost  $40  per  ton  and  the  formula  was  approxi¬ 
mately  nine  per  cent  nitrogen,  four  per  cent  phosphoric 
acid,  and  seven  per  cent  potash.  As  the  fertilizer  was 
applied  with  a  mechanical  distributer  which  measures 
it  by  bulk  and  not  by  weight,  somewhat  less  than  350 
pounds  per  acre  but  a  trifle  more  than  300  pounds 
were  applied.  The  growth  of  the  hay  crop  on  this 
field  was  a  splendid  sight.  If  there  had  been  a  heavy 
rain  after  July  1  it  certainly  would  have  lodged.  It 
was  cut  and  harvested  in  just  about  the  best  stage  of 
maturity,  and  I  took  my  photograph,  Fig.  207,  on  the 
day  when  it  was  drawn  from  the  field.  A  close  look 
at  the  piles  of  hay  shows  it  to  be  a  little  bit  coarse, 
but  that  would  be  no  detriment  to  the  price  where 
sold  to  a  hay  buyer.  The  yield  was  3  1-6  tqns  per 
acre,  and  the  market  price  at  that  time  was  $12  per  ton 
for  new  hay.  The  fertilizer  cost  about  $6  per  acre, 
so  it  would  be  quite  fair  to  say  that  the  returns  per 
acre  above  cost  of  fertilizer  were  $32.  From  this  we 
should  deduct  the  cost  of  mixing  and  applying  fer¬ 
tilizer  and  the  cost  of  harvesting  the  hay,  which  would 
vary  with  circumstances.  After  paying  cash  rental  a 
neat  profit  is  left;  I  prefer  to  let  the  reader  say  how 
much. 

The  important  consideration  is,  how  long  can  this 
practice.be  maintained  on  the  same  field  with  profit? 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 

Not  so  long  as  where  the  top-dressing  used  is  stable 
manure,  but  in  a  rotation  where  one  coat  of  manure 
can  be  applied  to  the  old  meadow  just  before  plowing 
it  up.  I  should  say  that  two  or  three  years  of  chemical 
fertilizing  on  a  good  stand  of  grass  ought  to  be  quite 
profitable  under  New  York  State  conditions.  Exces¬ 
sive  use  of  chemicals  without  the  aid  of  decaying 
vegetation  is  likely  to  fail  after  a  few  years. 

Tompkins  Co.,  N.  Y.  edward  R.  minns. 


HAY  MAKING  IN  ILLINOIS. 
Lightening  Labor  With  Modern  Machinery. 

The  western  farmer  never  does  any  work  by  hand 
that  he  can  do  with  machinery.  The  immense  imple¬ 
ment  factories  located  in  this  and  other  States  of  the 
Mississippi  Valley  bear  witness  to  this  fact.  The 
amount  of  farm  machinery  that  is  absorbed  by  the 
trade  every  year  is  stupendous.  Much  that  is  bought 
is  to  replace  what  is  wornout — in  many  cases  rusted 
out,  as  the  average  western  farmer  is  notoriously 
careless  about  housing  his  implements.  Much  thought 
and  a  great  deal  of  inventive  skill  has  been  expended 
in  the  manufacture  of  hay-making  machinery,  and 
every  device  intended  either  to  lighten  the  labor  or 
facilitate  the  work  has  been  readily  adopted  by  the 
farmer  as  soon  as  its  utility  was  proven.  The  kind 


of  outfit  a  man  needs  depends  on  the  manner  in  which 
he  expects  to  store  his  crop.  Most  of  the  hay  in  this 
section  is  put  away  in  the  barn,  though  some  who 
make  a  business  of  baling  and  shipping  stack  in  the 
field.  Those  who  store  in  the  barn  use  a  rake  car¬ 
ried  on  two  wheels  which  is  coupled  to  the  rear  end 
of  a  wagon,  and  which  gathers  up  the  hay  from  the 
swath  or  windrow  and  elevates  it  to  the  wagon,  where 
two  men  receive  it  and  properly  distribute  it  until  the 
load  is  made  up.  A  third  man  drives,  and  four  horses 
are  required  to  draw  the  outfit.  When  the  load  is 
complete,  one  team  is  taken  from  the  wagon  and  the 
remaining  two  horses  draw  the  load  to  the  barn,  while 
the  rake  is  attached  to  another  wagon  in  waiting.  The 
extra  team  is  kept  in  the  field  to  help  with  the  loading. 
With  a  quarter  or  half  mile  drive,  three  wagons  are 
necessary  to  keep  the  rake  busy.  A  load  can  be  put 
on  in  about  15  minutes,  and  it  can  be  unloaded  and 
mowed  away  in  about  10  minutes.  Tn  the  unloading 
process  a  fork  is  used,  which  is  forced  down  into 
the  hay,  and  then  elevated  and  run  back  into  the  barn 
by  means  of  a  horse  hitched  to  the  rope.  A  small  boy, 
or  sometimes  a  girl,  directs  the  horse,  and  about  four 
forkfuls  take  the  load.  From  25  to  35  tons  a  day  can 
be  put  away  in  the  barn  when  everything  goes  smooth¬ 
ly.  Seven  men  and  a  boy  and  eight  horses  are  required 
to  keep  things  moving. 

In  stacking  in  the  field,  what  are  called  bull  rakes 


603 

are  used  to  draw  the  hay  to  the  stack.  These  are  about 
16  feet  long,  with  a  horse  hitched  to  each  end,  and 
they  take  up  the  hay  from  the  swath  or  windrow  and 
drag  it  to  the  stack,  where  the  teeth  of  a  derrick  grab 
it,  and  it  is  swung  up  over  and  dropped  down  on  the 
stack.  Two  men  do  the  stacking,  while  a  third  man, 
or  a  good-sized  boy,  operates  the  derrick.  Two  men 
or  boys  handle  the  rakes,  and  this  outfit  of  two  men 
and  three  boys,  with  five  or  six  horses,  can  stack  40 
or  50  tons  of  hay  in  a  day. 

Occasionally  hay  is  baled  right  from  the  swath  or 
windrow.  In  this  case  it  is  drawn  to  the  baler  by 
means  of  the  bull  rakes,  and  the  baler  is  moved  about 
the  field  as  found  necessary  to  facilitate  the  work  of 
getting  the  hay  to  it.  Right  here  in  the  corn  belt  more 
clover  hay  is  put  up  than  Timothy  at  this  time.  The 
great  crop  is  corn,  and  all  the  land  possible  is  devoted 
to  that  grain.  Other  crops  are  grown  largely  as  prep¬ 
aratory  to  the  corn  crop.  Oats  or  wheat  are  seeded 
to  clover.  A  crop  of  hay  is  taken  from  the  field  the 
second  year,  and  if  the  second  crop  of  clover  contains 
seed,  this  is  saved,  and  the  next  year  the  ground  is 
put  in  corn.  Most  of  the  hay  is  fed  on  the  farm. 
After  the  corn  crop  is  gathered  in  November  the 
horses  and  cattle  are  turned  into  the  stalks,  and  they 
get  their  living  there  for  a  month  or  two.  The 
remainder  of  the  Winter  they  have  oat  straw  and 
clover  hay  for  roughness,  though,  of 
course,  most  farmers  make  some  Tim¬ 
othy  hay.  More  Timothy  is  grown  in 
the  southern  part  of  Illinois  than  in  the 
central  part  of  the  State,  j.  c.  nichols. 
Macon  Co.,  Ill. 


AN  EXPERIENCE  WITH  VETCH. 

I  find  on  page  491  directions  by  C.  W. 
Prescott  for  growing  seed  for  Winter 
vetch.  His  plan  would  no  doubt  produce 
seed  quite  abundantly,  but  it  would  be 
considerable  work  to  brush  any  large 
area  for  producing  seed.  The  seed  can 
be  produced  readily  by  sowing  with 
Winter  rye.  In  1908  I  sowed  rye  and 
vetch  on  about  1J4  acre  where  I  had 
grown  potatoes.  The  seed  was  sown 
September  21.  The  growth  and  yield  of 
both  rye  and  vetch  was  good — more  than 
30  bushels  per  acre.  I  used  about  one 
peck  of  vetch  per  acre,  and  somewhere 
near  1  Y\  bushel  of  rye.  The  trouble 
came  when  I  wanted  to  separate  the 
vetch  from  the  rye  after  thrashing.  I 
could  not  do  it,  and  used  most  of  the 
mixed  seed  for  sowing  cover  crops,  sold 
some,  and  fed  some.  I  think  the  propor¬ 
tion  of  vetch  to  rye  in  product  may  have 
been  about  one  to  five  or  near  that.  In 
1910  I  allowed  about  one-half  acre  sowed 
from  the  mixed  seed  to  ripen  for  seed. 
The  proportion  of  vetch  was  too  great 
for  best  results,  as  it  completely 
swamped  the  rye,  and  I  think  the  yield 
less  than  would  have  been  if  only  about 
half  as  much  vetch  had  been  sown.  The 
early  blooms  failed  to  seed.  When  the 
product  was  thrashed  the  vetch  was  near 
half  the  product.  I  do  not  remember 
how  many  bushels  there  were,  but  the 
yield  was  quite  good  and  was  used  for 
seeding  cover  crops.  I  have  some;  over 
half  an.acre,  sown  from  this  mixed  seed 
now  growing,  which  I  intend  to  let  ripen  to  seed  for 
use  in  sowing  cover  crops.  I  wish  I  could. find  some 
variety  of  grain  or  grass  which  makes  a  growth. suffi¬ 
cient  to  hold  up  the  vetch,  which  can  be  sown  in 
Autumn  with  vetch,  and  the  seeds  of  which,  if  pro¬ 
duced,  are  so  small,  or  so  large,  that  they  may  be 
screened  from  vetch  seed.  Such  a  plan  would  be  a 
great  help  in  producing  vetch  seed.  Can  some  of  the 
R.  N.-Y.  family  tell  of  such  a  plant?  M.  morse. 

Massachusetts. 

Up  to  the  advent  of  the  Mexican  Cotton  boll-weevil  In 
the  State, _  little  was  done  by  our  people  in  the  matter  of 
grading  live  stock,  being  content  with  cotton  and  its 
proceeds  to  pay  for  everything.  Things  have  now  changed, 
however,  and  the  increase  of  live  stock  of  different  breeds 
and  varieties  in  the  State  has  been  almost  phenomenal. 

That  statement  is  made  by  Prof.  Dalrymple  of  the 
Louisiana  Station.  The  history  of  the  world's  progress 
is,  in  one  respect,  the  story  of  a  series  of  calamities. 
It  may  not  be  considered  a  high  compliment  to  human 
intelligence,  but  most  men  are  driven  to  progress  by 
misfortune.  A  failure  for  which  they  may  not  be 
responsible  forces  them  out  of  a  rut  or  out  of  some 
old  settled  notion.  This  gives  them  larger  oppor¬ 
tunity  which  they  would  not  otherwise  have  noticed. 
It  may  be  an  insect,  a  flood,  a  slow  change  of  climate, 
or  a'  change  in  political  or  social  conditions  which 
upsets  the  old,  time-worn  habit  of  doing  things,  but 
that  is  the  way  some  of  the  great  world’s  changes 
have  been  brought  about. 


HAY  CROP  FED  BY  CHEMICALS.  Fig.  207. 


EXTERIOR  OF  THE  FORTY-DAY  HOUSE.  Fig.  208. 


304 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


May  20, 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

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CHEMICALS  FOR  TOP-DRESSING. 

G.  D.  C.j  Plainville,  Conn. — Will  you 
state  the  proper  proportion  to  combine  ni¬ 
trate  of  soda,  acid  phosphate  and  sulphate 
of  potash,  to  give  same  analysis  as  the 
following  top-dresser?  Ammonia  six  to 
seven  per  cent.,  phosphoric  acid  six  to  eight 
per  cent,  soluble  potash  seven  to  eight  per 
cent. 

Ans. — Let  us  remember  that  “am¬ 
monia”  is  a  combination  of  nitrogen 
and  hydrogen.  In  a  pound  of  “ammonia” 
there  are  13  1-5  oz.  of  nitrogen,  or  82.5 
per  cent.  You  are  guaranteed  120 
pounds  of  ammonia  in  that  fertilizer. 
This  means  about  100  pounds  of  nitro¬ 
gen.  Nitrate  of  socfa  contains  16  per 
cent,  of  nitrogen.  You  need  625  pounds 
to  give  you  this  amount.  The  analysis 
calls  for  120  pounds  of  phosphoric  acid. 
A  good  sample  of  acid  phosphate  gives 
14  per  cent.  Thus  you  need  850  pounds 
of  this;  of  potash  140  pounds  are  guar¬ 
anteed  in  the  ton.  Sulphate  of  potash 
contains  50  per  cent  of  potash  and  300 
pounds  will  fill  the  bill.  Thus  with 
1775  pounds  of  these  chemicals  you  can 
supply  the  plant  food  in  the  lowest 
guarantee  of  this  fertilizer.  We  should 
make  a  complete  ton  as  follows :  700 

pounds  of  nitrate  of  soda,  350  sulphate 
of  potash  and  950  pounds  acid  phosphate. 

.  This  may  not  be  fully  equal  to  the  “top 
dresser,”  because  the  latter  may  contain 
.  sulphate  of  ammonia  and  ground  bone 
in  addition  to  the  other  chemicals. 


CROP  NOTES. 

Our  season  lias  been  very  late  and  bloom 
very  much  injured.  We  had  a  very  cold 
snap  March  15  that  killed  a  good  many  of 
the  apple  buds,  but  we  have  a  tine  prospect 
for  a  crop  of  apples  in  this  section. 

Virginia.  SAMUEL  s.  gueruaxt. 

Growing  weather  has  struck  Southern 
Michigan,  and  the  promise  of  <a  good  har¬ 
vest  seems  bright.  Prospect  good  for  fruit, 
although  fruit  is  not  properly  cared  for  in 
this  part  r.  C;  a. 

Coldwater,  Mich. 

Apples  and  small  fruit  promise  full  crop, 
peaches  about  10  per  cent,  of  crop,  not 
enough  fruit  grown  for  local  markets.  Few 
people  spraying ;  most  every  one  setting 
trees.  j.  e.  c. 

Walkersville,  W.  Va. 

April  was  one  solid  downpour  of  rain. 
May  opens  up  with  much  promise,  and 
everything  is  being  rapidly  worked  up.  I 
ate  ripe  peaches  this  year  on  April  29,  the 
earliest  1  ever  ate  them.  I  have  a  huge 
pecan  crop  this  year.  s.  h.  James. 

Louisiana.  > 

Early  blooming  apples  were  nearly  all 
killed  here  March  14  with  a  temperature  of 
7°,  but  late  bloomers  like  Rome  Beauty  are 
all  right  yet.  They  are  three  weeks  later 
than  last  year  in  blooming,  and  a  week 
later  than  I  ever  saw  them.  u.  t.  cox. 

Lawrence  Co.,  Ohio. 

What’s  the  matter  with  Catawba  Island, 
O.  ?  Millions  of  peach  buds  and  not  a 
single  cold  rain,  peach  trees  in  full  bloom 
and  the  weather  ideal  for  fertilizing.  Prom¬ 
ise  big  for  a  rousing  peach  crop  this  season. 
Our  island  of  3,500  acres  is  largely  set  to 
peaches,  though  pears,  cherries,  plums  and 
apples  have  a  share  in  fruit  production. 
We  are  not  the  largest  fruit  section  in  the 
world,  but  we  can't  be  beaten  in  the  quality 
and  beauty  of  our  Elbertas,  Smocks  and 
Balways.  j.  w.  g. 

Catawba  Island,  O. 

William  Wilson,  of  Orleans  Co.,  N.  Y.,  was 
using  a  two-horse  rake  to  gather  up  the 
brush  in  his  orchard.  When  I  asked  him 
about  it  he  said  that  his  hired  man  wanted 
to  go  and  see  his  “best  girl,”  and  wanting 
to  help  him  out  he  thought  he’d  see  if  he 
could  improve  on  the  hand  method  of  gath¬ 
ering  up  the  brush,  so  he  tried  the  rake. 
Finding  it  worked  line,  he  took  the  guard 
rods  out  of  back  and  also  had  the  man  go 
ahead  and  trim  out  the  big  wood  and  throw 
It  between  the  rows.  lie  then  came  along 
and  when  the  rake  was  full  he  would  drive 
up  to  the  fire,  dump  it  with  the  hand  lever 
and  kept  one  man  busy  throwing  it  on  the 
lire.  lie  had  cleaned  up  as  much  in  one  day 
this  way  as  would  ordinarily  have  taken 
three  or  four.  E.  e.  l. 

The  promise  was  good  for  fruit  but  the 
weather  is  very  dry,  and  things  do  not  look 
as  well  as  they  should.  Then  the  hard 
freezes  of  the  past  week  have  burned  the 
foliage  on  almost  all  kinds  of  fruit,  and 
I  have  found  damage  to  some  blossoms;  to 
what  extent  this  will  eventually  prove  I 
do  not  know.  However,  the  conditions  to 
my  mind  are  not  ideal  for  a  bumper  crop 
of  anything  this  year,  but  would  not  be 
surprised  if  conditions  improve  and  we  have 
a  good  average  crop  of  many  things.  Rye 
is  the  poorest  I  have  ever  seen,  with  grats, 
oats,  etc.,  very  backward ;  few  potatoes 
planted  yet  or  corn  ground  ready,  although 
I  expect  to  plant  both  next  week,  beginning 
to-morrow,  May  8.  Small  fruits  have  win¬ 
tered  poorer  than  common.  w.  H. 

Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y. 

The  past  month  has  been  quite  backward, 
except  on  the  28th  and  29th,  when  we  were 
treated  to  Summer  heat,  as  the  mercury 
touched  80°  in  the  shade.  It  was  quite  a 
test  for  man  and  beast.  Plowing  has  been 
going  on  for  about  eight  or  10  days.  Quite 
a  good  many  have  sown  their  oats.  Wheat 


is  looking  fine,  the  best  for  years,  thick 
on  the  ground  and  good  color.  New  seed¬ 
ing  has  come  through  finely,  and  the  rain 
the  last  few  days  and  warm  weather  is  mak¬ 
ing  it  jump.  Everybody  is  busy  with  the 
orchard  trimming  and  especially  so  in  spray¬ 
ing.  There  is  a  large  amount  of  lime-sul¬ 
phur  being  used  on  apple  trees.  Several 
new  spraying  outfits  have  been  sold  here. 
Wheat  has  gone  up  to  80  cents ;  oats  35, 
potatoes  25,  wool  15  to  18 ;  veal  six  cents 
per  pound ;  young  pigs  $0  per  pair.  Out¬ 
look  for  fruit  good,  apricots  in  bloom. 

Canandaigua,  N.  Y.  e.  t.  b. 

The  Ohio  Department  of  Agriculture  in 
its  May  report  states  among  other  reports 
that  the  wheat  crop  is  encouraging.  Area 
is  greater  and  growing  condition  better  than 
one  year  ago.  On  April  1  condition  of  wheat 
was  estimated  at  84  per  cent  compared  with 
an  average.  During  the  past  month  it  has 
gained  three  per  cent,  its  condition  being 
now  estimated  at  87  per  cent.  On  the  cor¬ 
responding  date  one  year  ago  condition  was 
estimated  at  85  per  cent.  The  acreage  of 
clover  is  estimated  at  91  per  cent  compared 
with  the  area  seeded  last  year.  Fruit  pros¬ 
pects  are  estimated  at  91  per  cent  compared 
with  a  normal  yield.  The  following  report 
on  fruit  is  furnished  by  the  Nursery  and 
Orchard  Division  of  this  department:  “In-, 
spectors’  observation  shows  that  throughout 
Southeastern  Ohio  and  river  counties  east 
of  Scioto,  apple  orchards  on  hill  land  have  a 
very  light  setting  of  fruit  buds,  undoubtedly 
due  to  drouth  of  July  and  August  of  preced¬ 
ing  year.  In  Central  and  Southeastern  Ohio, 
where  apples  were  a  total  failure  last  year, 
promises  are  for  a  full  crop.  Frost  has  de¬ 
stroyed  about  80  per  cent  of  peach  buds, 
early  blooming  pear,  plum  and  cherry, 
throughout  Central  and  Southern  Ohio.  All 
kinds  of  fruit  in  Northern  and  Eastern  Ohio 
in  good  condition  and  no  injury  reported.” 


GOVERNMENT  CROP  REPORT. 

At  the  beginning  of  May  there  were  31,- 
307.000  acres  in  Winter  wheat  in  this 
country,  about  nine  per  cent  of  last  Fall's 
sowing  having  been  abandoned.  The  aver¬ 
age  condition  of  the  crop  is  86.1  per  cent. 
The  average  condition  of  meadow  lands  on 
May  1  was  84.7,  compared  with  89.8  on 
May  1,  1910,  and  a  10-year  average  on 
May  1  of  89.4.  Stocks  of  hay  on  farms 
is  estimated  at  7,546,000  tons  (12.4  per 
cent  of  crop)  against  7.275.000  tons 
(11.2%)  on  May  1,  1910.  The  average 
condition  of  pastures  on  May  1  was  81.3, 
compared  with  89.3  on  May  1,  1910,  and  a 
10-year  average  on  May  1  of  87.4.  Of 
Spring  plowing  71%  was  completed  up  to 
May  1,  compared  with  80.3%  on  May  1. 
1910,  and  a  10-year  average  on  May  1  of 
67. 2.  Of  Spring  planting  60.0%  was  com¬ 
pleted  up  to  May  1,  compared  with  65.0% 
and  51.9%  on  May  1,  1910  and  1909,  re¬ 
spectively. 

A  NEW  AGRICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 

A  number  of  the  residents  of  Mbrris- 
towu  and  Bernardsville,  N.  .1.,  among  whom 
were  Wm.  B.  Blackwell,  Walter  l3.  Bliss, 
John  Clallin,  G.  G.  Frelinghuysen,  Geo.  W. 
Jenkins,  R.  V.  Lindabury,  D.  II.  McAlpin, 
Franklin  Murphy,  Jos.  W.  Ogden,  R.  H. 
Thomas,  Arthur  Whitney  and  others,  who 
have  become  deeply  interested  in  agricul¬ 
tural  life,  met  in  New  York  in  February 
past  and  organized  a  farmers’  club,  re¬ 
stricted  to  the  farmers  of  northern  New 
Jersey,  called  the  North  Jersey  Society  for 
the  Promotion  of  Agriculture.  This  society 
has  established  an  office  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  and  has  placed  the  same  in  charge 
of  John  II.  Voorhees,  who  is  to  be  the  man¬ 
aging  secretary  of  the  society.  This  office 
will  be  a  bureau  of  information  to  which 
the  members  of  the  society  may  resort  in 
time  of  need,  and  will  also  be  a  purchasing 
agency  for  general  farm  supplies.  Co-op¬ 
eration  among  agriculturists,  especially  in 
the  purchase  of  farm  supplies,  has  become 
so  popular  and  successful  in  Great  Britain 
and  in  the  more  advanced  agricultural  com¬ 
munities  in  this  country,  that  the  members 
feel  assured  it  will  succeed  and  prove  sat¬ 
isfactory  in  North  Jersey.  Through  this 
co-operative  scheme  it  is  believed  that 
members  will  save  many  times  over  their 
annual  dues,  besides  getting  what  they  pay 
for  and  knowing  what  they  get.  In  addi¬ 
tion  to  the  foregoing  the  society  will  ar¬ 
range  for  meetings  of  its  members  in  the 
city  in  Winter  and  in  the  country  in  the 
Summer  season,  to  the  farming  community 
in  general. 

Mr.  Voorhees  has  now  taken  up  his  du¬ 
ties  as  managing  secretary  and  is  gather¬ 
ing  books  and  bulletins  to  compose  a  library 
on  agricultural  subjects  to  be  used  as  a 
reference  library  by  the  members  of  the 
society.  He  is  also  endeavoring  to  secure 
information  along  lines  which  will  aid  in 
the  purchase  of  seeds,  fertilizers  and  ma¬ 
chinery  by  means  of  catalogues,  pamphlets, 
etc.,  from  the  various  firms  and  brokers. 


CINDERS  RUSTING  FENCING. 

I  have  a  galvanized  wire  yard  which  I 
keep  my  chickens  in  that  has  been  in  use 
for  several  years.  I  live  close  to  a  rolling 
mill,  and  tliev  burn  coal.  They  filled  my 
back  yard  with,  the  cinders  and  had  my 
fence  covered  for  a  long  time.  Now  about 
three  strands  are  under  the  cinders ;  it  has 
not  rusted  any  yet.  w.  F.  K. 

Wellsyille,  O. 

On  page  464  a  subscriber  asks  about  coal 
cinders  rusting  or  rotting  galvanized  iron 
fence  wire.  The  writer  has  seen  the  effects 
of  cinders  and  does  not  hesitate  to  say  that 
they  will  cause  fence  to  rust  in  a  very  short 
time,  under  certain  condition.  The  specific 
case  with  which  I  am  familiar  was  one  in 
which  a  dealer  had  a  store  room  with  a 
cinder  bottom,  upon  which  was  laid  boards, 
just  enough  to  keep  the  fence  from  the  cin¬ 
ders.  When  the  rolls  of  fencing  were  re¬ 
moved  the  part  where  there  was  no  board 
to  protect  it  was  very  badly  rusted,  al¬ 
though  it  did  not  come  in  direct  contact 
with  the  cinder  floor.  It  naturally  follows 
that  this  fence  was  not  as  good  as  if  it 
had  not  been  rusted  in  these  places,  as  it 
was  no  stronger  than  the  weakest  point. 
This  fence  had  not  been  in  the  house  for 
any  great  length  of  time,  yet  the  galvaniz¬ 
ing  was  all  gone  where  not  protected  by  the 
boards.  As  to  whether  cinders  would  affect 
galvanizing  in  the  open  air  I  do  not  know, 
but  I  do  know  that  it  did  in  the  above 
mentioned  store  house.  f.  m.  l. 

Norwalk,  O. 


“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers ;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 


The  i  "BOSS”  POT  A  TO  DIGGER 


Has  nev¬ 
er  been 
beaten 
in  trials. 

We  can 
f  n  r  n  ish 
testimo¬ 
nials,  on 
request, 
from  all 
parts 
of  the 
country. 

Write  for  cata¬ 
log,  prices,  &c. 


This  machine  is  not  a  new  tiling,  1  ut  lias  been  thorough¬ 
ly  tested  in  all  kinds  of  soil,  and  under  all  conditions, 
and  pronounced — as  its  name  implies — tho  EOSS  OF 

ALL  DIGGERS, 
ind  today 
is  in  use 
1 .  y  the 
best 
potato 
raisers  i n 
the  country.  It  weighs  about  500 
pounds,  and  is  easily  hand  led  by 
TWO  HORSES.  It  is  so  adjusted  that 
the  operator  can  dig  every  row  and 
deliver  them  on  one  side  of  the  field, 
making  them  easy  to  pick  up.  It 
will  dig  an  uneven  surface,  and  on  side  hill  as  well 
as  on  the  level,  making  a  complete  separation  of 
the  tubers  from  the  soil  and  the  weeds.  It  is  made 
strong,  durable,  will  do  good  work  on  stony 

ground.  E  R  ALLEN  FOUNDRY  CO.,  Corning,  N  Y. 


Farmers 

ELUS 

CHAMPION 
THRESHERS 

are  equally  well  suited  to  tlireshenneu 
and  grain  growers  desirous  of  doing  their 
own  work.  Herewith  is  shown  Ellis  Cham¬ 
pion  No.  S£  complete  with  st; 
elevator  and  grain  bagger;  open 

steam  or  tread  power.  No  clogging  of  straw  in  these 
threshers.  Made  in  different  sizes  to  meet  all  needs. 

We  also  make  Tread  and  Sweep  Horse-Power,  circular 
and  drag  saws,  ensilage  cutters,  corn  shellers,  etc.  Send 
for  catalog  giving  full  information  about  these  machines. 

ELLIS  KEYSTONE  AGRICULTURAL  WORKS , 


Do  Your  Own  Threshing! 
You  can  save  the  cost  of  a  rig 
in  a  few  years  besides  doing  the 

conveni¬ 
ent  time 


Poitstown t  Pa, 


FRUIT  FARMS  vs.  GOLD  MINES 


500,000  New  StoneTomato  Plants  For  Sale 

From  selected  seed  that '•grow  the  big  crops  ready 
June  tne  First.  $1.00  per  1000;  5000  for  $4,00. 
CELERY.  CABGAGE,  RUBY  KING  PEPPER,  CAULIFLOWER  and 
SWEET  POTATO  PLANTS  in  their  season. 

Send  for  our  tun  Catalog 

If  you  want  50,000  or  100,000  Tomato  Plants  we  can 
supply  you  with  extra  fine  plants.  ROMANCE  SEED  8 
PLANT  FARM,  CALEB  BOGGS  8  SON,  CHESW0LD,  DEL. 


OLYMPIC  NATURE  NURSERY 

Rhododendrons,  Madronas, Oregon  Grapes,  Huckle¬ 
berries  and  other  wild  shrubs,  plants  and  flowers. 

By  mail,  10  for  50  cents,  24  for  SI. 00  postpaid. 

Money  hack  if  not  satisfied. 

JOEI,  SHOMAKKK,  Nellita,  "Washington. 


The  Dowden  Potato  Digger  Is  a  machine  yon  can 
absolutely  depend  on  to  do  its  work  well  all  the  time. 

Combining  simplicity  with  great  digging  capacity— 
you  can  save  the  price  of  a  digger  in  a  short  time  by 
getting  all  the  potatoes  and  eliminating  repair  hills  to 
a  minimum. 

Catalog  free.  It  tells  ail  about  the  digger— how  It  is 
made  and  what  it  will  do.  Can  be  operated  by  a  boy. 

Dowden  Mfg.  Co.,  1 122  Elm  St.,  Prairie  City,  Iowa 


IN  WESTERN  MICHIGAN  fruit  farms 
can  be  paid  for  out  of  profits  in  four 
years.  Here  many  fruit  growers  are 
earning  SCO  to  100  per  cent  on  valuations 
of  $500  an  acre.  These  are  strong  statements 
but  we  are  prepared  to  back  them  up  with 
facts  and  figures  that  will  convince  you. 


We  have  no  land  for  sale  !  Our  business  is 
simply  to  tell  about  this  last 


“  LAND  OF  OPPORTUNITY  ” 


with  the  climate,  the  soil,  the  location,  the 
transportation  facilities,  and  the 


“  FRUIT  WITH  FLAVOR  ” 


that  makes  it  the  best  of  all  regions  in  which  to  live  and  prosper. 


Good  fruit  lands  can  still  be  bought  for  from  $20  an  acre  up;  improved  land 
costs  from  $35  an  acre  up,  bearing  orchards  from  $100  to  $500  an  acre. 


Our  48-page,  beautifully  illustrated  art  magazine, 
giving  detailed  information,  FREE.  Send  for  it! 

Excursions  into  Western  Michigan  on  all  lines  the  first  and  third  Tuesdays  of  each  month.  COME ! 


WESTERN  MICHIGAN  DEVELOPMENT  BUREAU 

1004  State  Bank  Building,  Traverse  City,  Michigan 


DON’T  neglect  to  find  out  about 
The  Acre-Aii-Hour  Sifter, 
the  new  invention.  Applies  dry  Bor¬ 
deaux,  Cement,  Lime,  Plaster  or 
Screened  Ashes  with  Paris  Green  to 
Potatoes,  Cucumbers,  Currants,  etc., 
as  fast  as  a  man  can  walk.  Covers 
instantly  and  perfectly  plant  3  ft.  in 
diameter  ;  one  man  can  treat  an  acre 
in  one  to  two  hours.  Best  implement 
for  the  busiuess  ever  invented.  Sam¬ 
ple  by  express,  7*»c.  Prepaid  by  mail 
only,  buyer’s  risk,  $1.  Splendid  In. 
(lumiient  to  agents  ACRE-A>'-HOUR 
SIFTER  CO.,  Po  ugli  keep  si  e,  N\  Y. 


Protect  Your  Corn  from  Crows  ! 

Stanley’s 

Crow  Repellent 

will  insure  full  protection  of  corn  from  crows  and 
other  birds  and  save  expense  and  loss  of  replanting. 
$1.00  per  can  delivered  nearest  Express  office. 

THEO.  A.  STANLEY,  New  Britain.  Ct. 


HARRISON’S  NURSERIES 

has  been  built  up  by  finality  trees  from  a  small 
beginning  to  the  largest  nursery  in  America — more 
than  2,000  acres  devoted  to  crowing  trees,  plants, 
vines  and  ornamental  stock.  Buy  of  a  responsible 
grower  and  get  what  you  pay  for.  Address 

HARRISON’S  NURSERIES 
Ten  Valuable  Farms  For  Sale.  BOX  421,  Berlin,  Md. 

_P RIVET  HEDGING- 

- SPECIAL  2  YEAR  .  .  . 

12  to  18  in.  ®  $1.25  per  100 . $10.00  per  1000 

18  to  24  in.  to  $1.50  per  100 . *1:5.00  per  1000 

This  is  all  well  branched 

TERMS  -  -  CASH  WITH  ORDER 

JOS.  H.  BLACK.  SON  8  CO..  HIGHTSTOWN,  N.  J. 


CAR  C  A  I  C — Cow  Peas,  $2  50  to  $3.00  bushel; 
rUll  «HLl  Crimson  Clover  Seed,  $8.50 bushel: 


Black-Eyed  Peas.  $3.00  bushel. 

JOSEPH  E.  HOLLAND 


Milford.  Del. 


PI  ARIT ^ — Cabbage — Early  Jersey,  Chn'leston,  Wakefield,  $1 
I  LAN  I  0  p«rl,000.  Karlin  tin,  emcees*,  Chalk**  Jewel, 

Bouny  Best,  and  Freedom,  $2  per  J.ouu.  J.  LUCAS,  Ashland, Yal 

Dewdrop  Everbearing  Strawberry 

Largest  in  the  World.  Bears  I  irst  Season.  Free 
circular.  H.  F.  JDEAV,  Albion,  Midi. 

Ciu(1d|  Pnfatn  Plante  only  $2.00  per  1000,  special 
OWcei  ruifliu  ridlllb  prices  on  5000  lots.  Price 
list  free.  W.  S.  FORD  &  SON,  Hartly,  Del. 


STRAWBERRY  PLANTS— New  and  old  varieties.  Send 
for  new  Iilus.  Catalogue  for  1911.  Prices  from 
$1.50  per  1,000  up.  DAVID  RODWAY,  Hartly,  Dei. 

C  A 11  HA  UK  PLANTS  of  all  kinds,  $1  per  1000;  Tomato  and  Sweet 
Potato  Plants.  $1.00  per  1000;  Caulitlow'er  ami  Peppers,  $2.00 
per  1000.  I’lancs  ready  for  field.  J.  O.  Schmidt,  Bristol,  P«. 

rnn  C  A  I  C — 900.000  Sweet  Potato  Plants.  Tomato 
lUll  OMLCaiul  Cabbage  Plants.  Send  today  for 
catalogue.  Fine  plants.  M.  N.  BORGO,  Vineland,  N.  J. 


SALESMEN  WANTED  1  A  N] It  V' I.  A  N  TS  S 

Free  orrtfit.  Commission  paid  weekly.  Write  for 
terms.  PERRY  NURSERIES, Rochester,  New  York 


T1 


iHE  FARMERS’  NATIONAL  BANK  of  Union 
City,  Michigan,  located  at  Union  City,  in  the 
State  of  Michigan,  is  closing  its  affairs.  Ail  note 
holders  and  other  creditors  of  the  association  are 
therefore  hereby  notified  to  present  the  notes  a-., 
other  claims  for  payment.  p,  t>tTv.t  t 
Dated  April  28*  1911.  D‘  D-  BUELL,  1 * est. 


Potato  Digging  Time  Coming 
—Buy  a  Dowden  Digger  Now 


1911. 


THtC  RURAL,  NEW-VORKER 


606 


LIVE  STOCK  AND  POISON  SPRAYS. 

On  page  546  I  have  read  your  timely 
remarks  about  spray  material,  and 
would  like  to  relate  our  experience.  My 
son  and  I  lease  a  10-acre  apple  orchard ; 
three  years  ago  when  we  were  spraying 
the  owner  of  the  orchard  sent  his  son 
to  the  creek  for  water  for  the  cattle,  it 
being  a  dry  time.  He  took  a  barrel  in 
which  was  a  little  dirty  water,  as  he 
supposed,  emptied  it,  rinsed  it  well  and 
drew  water  in  it  to  till  up  their  stock 
tank.  Next  day  the  cows  began  to  be 
sick  and  in  a  few  days  five  of  the  eight 
in  the  herd  were  dead.  The  veterinary 
said  they  showed  symptoms  of  arsenical 
poisoning.  The  young  man  had  takefi  a 
barrel  in  which  was  a  little  of  our 
arsenic  solution,  and  although  he  thor¬ 
oughly  rinsed  it,  the  wood  was  suffi¬ 
ciently  impregnated  with  the  poison 
probably  to  cause  suffering  and  death. 
Two  years  ago  we  emptied  a  barrel 
with  dreg's  of  lime  and  copper  sulphate 
in  it  and  rinsed  it  well.  I  think  some 
of  the  rinse  water  ran  down  into  the 
barnyard,  where  the  cattle  could  lick  it. 
Two  yearlings  were  sick  several  days, 
but  finally  recovered  under  our  treat¬ 
ment.  We  drenched  them  frequently 
with  milk  and  eggs.  We  have  had  cattle 
eat  growing  grass  under  apple  trees 
which  had  been  sprayed  with  poison, 
and  noticed  no  bad  effect,  but  do  not 
care  to  risk  it.  Those  using  spray  ma¬ 
terial  cannot  exercise  too  much  care 
with  it,  especially  where  stock  is  kept. 
It  is  bad  stuff  to  swallow,  “for  the  end 
thereof  is  death.”  j.  s. 

Michigan. 

R.  N.-Y. — That  is  about  the  substance 
of  our  reports.  When  carefully  put  on 
the  spray  liquid  is  not  dangerous.  The 
trouble  comes  from  concentrated  liquids 
— puddles  made  from  over-spraying  or 
leaving  the  drainings  of  the  tank  or 
barrel  about. 


Making  a  Hay  Farm. 

M.,  North  Attleboro.  Mass. — T  have  about 
five  acres  of  upland  from  which  last  Win¬ 
ter  the  wood  was  cut.  The  soil  is  ex¬ 
cellent  for  hay.  Would  it  in  your  opinioh 
pay  me  to  clear  and  seed  it  down?  If  so, 
will  you  suggest  the  least  expensive  method 
of  preparation? 

Ans. — We  do  not  know  how  many 
stumps  and  stones  there  are  on  this 
field,  but  it  is  doubtful  if  you  can  fit 
the  five  acres  for  grass  for  less  than 
$400.  We  should  blow  out  the  larger 
stumps  and  rocks  with  dynamite  and 
grub  out  the  smaller  ones.  If  there  are 
any  sink  holes  or  depressions  dig  ditches 
or  large  wells  in  them  and  fill  with  rocks 
and  stones.  Burn  it  over  and  level  the 
surface.  If  you  have  the  capital  and 
will  feed  the  grass  such  a  field  will  pay 
good  interest  on  the  investment. 

Cleaning  Out  Poison  Ivy. 

IF.  K.,  Rockland  Co.,  N.  Y. — The  stone 
fences  around  my  farm  are  covered  with 
poison  ivy.  Can  you  suggest  a  way  of  de¬ 
stroying  it  without  coming  in  contact  with 
it? 

Ans. — It  is  not  easy  to  extirpate 
poison  ivy  (Rhus  radicans)  where  clam¬ 
bering  over  stone  fences,  because  many 
of  the  plants  are  hard  to  get  at,  and 
persistent  work  will  be  needed  for  sev¬ 
eral  seasons.  The  most  certain  method 
is  to  grub  it  out,  rooting  up  the  plants, 
but  the  work  can  be  done  without  touch¬ 
ing  the  plant  by  the  use  of  concentrated 
sulphuric  acid.  Apply  a  half  teaspoon¬ 
ful  to  the  stem  just  above  the  ground, 
repeating  every  two  or  three  weeks.  Be¬ 
gin  this  as  soon  as  growth  is  active  in 
Spring.  Handle  the  acid  with  great  care, 
as  it  is  frightfully  corrosive,  and  burns 
skin  or  clothing.  Do  not  leave  the 
brush  lying  about,  nor  use  it  for  fuel, 
and  when  burning  in  the  field  do  not  in¬ 
hale  the  smoke,  nor  let  it  blow  across 
the  face.  Very  painful  sore  eyes  have 
resulted  from  burning  poison  ivy  in  the 
kitchen  stove.  When  working  around 
poison  ivy  it  is  a  wise  precaution  to  rub 
face  and  hands  with  olive  oil,  as  this 
often  prevents  poisoning.  Pure  olive 


oil  is  very  soothing  to  the  eruption.  The 
volatile  oil  which  contains  the  poisonous 
principle  gets  on  the  clothes,  and  may 
cause  poisoning  afterwards,  so  it  is  well 
to  keep  some  old  clothes  to  wear  when 
working  about  the  ivy.  It  will  also  be 
well  to  wash  the  hands  in  a  solution  of 
sugar  of  lead  in  alcohol,  before  wash¬ 
ing  with  soap  and  water.  As  for  poison 
remedies,  olive  oil,  sugar  of  lead,  tinc¬ 
ture  of  grindelia  and  poultice  of  ripple- 
grass  or  English  plantain  all  have  their 
advocates.  Hot  salt  water  is  recom¬ 
mended  by  some,  and  one  of  our  friends 
tells  us  that  any  of  the  recommended 
cures  is  more  efficacious  in  her  case  if 
applied  hot.  _ 

What  Crop  Before  Alfalfa  ? 

Will  you  tell  me  which  crop  Alfalfa  will 
do  the  best  after?  I  have  an  old  garden 
that  is  about  as  weedy  a  spot  as  you  could 
find,  but  it  is  about  the  best  spot  I  have.  I 
think,  to  start  Alfalfa,  barring  the  weeds. 
I  decided  some  time  ago  to  plant  it  in  po¬ 
tatoes,  and  not  leave  a  weed  grow,  but  the 
potatoes  will  take  the  most  potash  from  the 
soil,  which  the  Alfalfa  needs.  I  have  been 
thinking  lately  that  it  might  be  better  to 
sow  oats  and  peas,  as  I  can  get  them  off 
the  ground  sooner  than  I  can  the  potatoes, 
and  then  harrow  the  soil  for  the  Alfalfa. 
This  garden  has  been  manured  well  for  two 
years,  and  last  Spring  was  sown  with  tur¬ 
nip  seed,  but  the  turnips  and  weeds  came 
out  about  even  for  supremacy.  We  used  a 
few  of  the  turnips  and  left  the  rest  with 
the  weeds.  I  cau  give  that  spot  all  the 
horse  and  cow  manure,  put  as  much  lime 
per  acre  as  you  will  advise,  can  get  phos¬ 
phoric  acid  and  potash,  all  I  need,  cau  get 
from  an  advertiser  inoculated  soil.  I  sowed 
in  this  garden  two  years  ago  a  spot  four  by 
eight  feet  a  sample  of  Alfalfa  seed  and  it 
grew  nicely  the  first  year,  but  last  year  I 
did  not  pay  any  attention  to  it  and  let  it 
go  to  seed,  and  at  present  is  growing 
nicely.  s.  d.  h. 

Utahvllle,  Pa. 

We  like  early  potatoes  ahead  of  Alfalfa  if 
the  crop  can  be  dug  by  August.  Potatoes 
are  usually  well  fertilized  and  kept  clean 
and  the  coustant  working  'of  the  soil  all 
through  the  season  is  what  helps  the  Al¬ 
falfa.  If  you  can  mature  potatoes  so  as  to 
dig  them  early  in  August  we  should  plant 
them  in  hills  and  cultivate  both  ways.  If 
you  cannot  get  them  off  in  time,  sow  the 
oats  and  peas,  cut  in  July,  give  a  good  coat 
of  manure,  plow  and  harrow  and  harrow 
constantly  until  you  seed  the  Alfalfa.  It 
would  be  better  still  if  you  could  plow  all 
the  oats  and  peas  under  and  then  harrow 
in  the  manure,  but  early  potatoes,  thor¬ 
oughly  cultivated,  would  be  our  choice. 


A  Tennessee  Farm. — Some  of  our  read¬ 
ers  will  be  interested  in  knowing  what  the 
stock  on  a  large  Tennessee  farm  will  bring 
at  auction.  The  following  refers  to  the 
large  farm  of  the  late  Campbell  Brown,  of 
Maury  Co. :  The  two  days'  sale  amounted 
to  $22,300  ;  7(j  yearling  mules  averaged  $121; 
20  work  mules  from  three  to  eight  years 
old  averaged  $186.50 ;  10  pony  marts 

(Shetlands)  averaged  $180.50;  five  Berk- 
slilres  averaged  $40 ;  the  Dorset  ewes  av¬ 
eraged  $25.  The  Jerseys  sold  were  only  a 
cow  and  calf  that  brought  $390.  The  farm 
will  be  operated  along  the  same  lines  as  it 
has  been  for  the  past  40  years.  The  Jer¬ 
sey  herd  will  be  replaced  as  soon  as  pos¬ 
sible;  the  acreage  of  the  farm  will  be  cut 
down  by  sale  to  about  1000  acres,  100 
acres  of  which  is  in  early  fruit. 


ALPHA 


PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  lor  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


I— 99  9Xor,  %  Pure- 

American  Ingot  Iron  Roofing 

Guaranteed  For  30  Years 

Without  Painting 

The  Only  Guaranteed  Metal  Roofing  ever  put  on  the 
market.  Samples  free.  W rite  for  a  free  book  showing 
remarkable  tests.  A  way  out  of  your  roof  troubles. 

THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  CO.,  Dept.  D.ELYHIA.  OHtf 


DIGS  ALL  THE  POTATOES 

without  rutting  them— just  enough  adjustment  to  meet 
your  conditions  without  carrying  too  much  soil._  Saves 
enough  more  potutoes,  eveniu  email  acreage  to  pay  for 
machine  in  short  time.  Perfect  separation.  Is  ns  light 
draft  ns  any  digger  enn  he.  No  neck  weight.  Two  styles 
made  L’rices  $75.00  to  $105.00.  -No.  150  is  the  lighter 
machine,  built  on  strong  but  very  simple  lines— a  great 
favorite  with  growers.  Separate  bearings,  easily  removed 
and  cheaply  replaced.  Operates  eutirely  from  the  scat. 

UtONAtSE  AGGERS  I 

ara  not  experiments— years  of  actual  use  in  all  sorts  of 
conditions  have  proved  their  worth.  Write  to  day  for 
Anniversary  Catalog— complete  line  of  potato  machin- 


IV'  Buy  This 

POTATO  DIGGER 


Extra  strong, very  durable,  light  draft,  easy 
on  horses,  positively  best  potato  digger 
on  market.  Fully  guaranteed— still  priced 
low.  Get  free  book  on  Diggers,  Pickers  and 
Sorters.  Hoover  Mlg.  Co..  Box  56  .A very, Ohio. 

I  Transfer  points  — Buffalo, 

N.Y.,  Detroit.Mich,  St. Paul, 

Minn.,  Marshalltown,  Ia„ 

Idaho  Falls.Id.,  Portland, 

Ore.,  Spokane, 

Wash.,  of 

Winnipeg,  Man  .T^ 

Hamilton,  Ont., 

Fond  du  Lac,  Wis 


Jhe  Hoover 


Put  slate  on  your  roof  and  you’ll  keep  dollars  in  your  j 
pocket.  No  more  leaks  or  expensive  repair®.  Nothing 

equals  purl  nnu  q  SEA  GREEN  AND  PURPLE 

dntmun  o  roofing  slate 

for  durability,  strength  and  economy. 

The  first  cost  no  greater  than  high-priced  prepared 
roofing  or  shingles.  Slate  does  not  rust  or  water  soak, 
will  not  melt— not  affected  by  climate.  Our  free  book  . 
“The  Roof  Question”  tells  why.  Write  us  today  about 
your  wants.  Special  prices  on  car  lots. 

F.  C.  Sheldon  Slate  Co.  Granviue,1?*.! 


Try  the  DELI N 

Wt/i  Your  Money  /nYourPoc/tef 


Try  It  for  30 days  on  your  own  roads;  then, 
if  you  find  it  entirely  satisfactory  ,  you  pay 
us.  Buggies—all  styles— and  harness  at  lowest 
wholesale  prices,  direct  to  you,  ou  approval. 

No  Cash  With  Order— No  Deposit 

“  DELIN  ”  offers  more  liberal  terms  and 
better  values  than  you  can  get  elsewhere. 

Our  FREE  1911  Catalog  gives  full  information.  Show* 
metal  auto  seat  buggies  and  hundreds 
of  other  dandy  styles.  Get  acquainted 
with  the  values  we  offer  also  with  our 
exclusive  “DELIN**  terms.  Write  for 
FREE  CATALOG  Today. 

The  Delia  Carriage  Co. 

173®,  Central  Avenue 
Cincinnati,  Ohio 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE. 


.  .  .  SOLELY  MANUFACTURED  BY  .  .  . 

*rhe  Rogers  Hubbard  Co. 

Middletown,  Conn., 


Bristol  Co.,  Mass.,  Dec.  5, 1910. 

The  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Gentlemen:— I  have  just  finished  husking 
one  lot  of  Corn  from  1J4  acres,  on  which  I 
used  ton  of  Hubbard’s  “Bone  Base” 
Soluble  Corn  and  General  Crops  Manure 
and  Complete  Phosphate  per  acre.  It 
yielded  li2  bushels  of  ears  of  sound  Corn. 
I  am  so  well  pleased  with  the  result  that  I 
thought  you  would  like  to  know  it.  The 
lot  had  a  coating  of  stable  manure  ploughed 
in  in  1909,  but  1  used  nothing  but  Hub¬ 
bard’s  "Bone  Base”  Fertilizer  this  year. 
There  may  be  other  good  Fertilizers,  hut 
Hubbard’s  “Bone  Base”  Fertilizer  is  good 
enough  for  me. 

Sincerely  yours. 


Send  for  Free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
the  Hubbard  “Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


Joshua  T.  Durfee. 


. 


600 


May  20, 


Vetch  or  Rye  with  Buckwheat  ? 

G.  P.  H.}  Auburn,  N.  Y. — After  reading  a 
number  of  articles  in  The  It.  N.-Y.  on  vetch 
I  would  like  to  ask  if  vetch  could  be  sown 
with  buckwheat,  or  if  sowing  about  four 
or  six  weeks  later  would  be  better?  The 
farm  I  came  on  a  year  ago  was  a  long- 
neglected  one,  and  with  but  one  team  I 
could  not  plow  all  that  should  have  been. 
The  field  I  am  anticipating  sowing  to  buck¬ 
wheat  my  neighbors  tell  me  has  not  been 
plowed  in  12  or  15  years,  and  is  quite  a 
steep  side  hill  sloping  to  the  west,  with  a 
yellow  loam  soil.  My  future  idea  is  to  seed 
to  Alfalfa. 

Ans. — We  have  never  heard  of  this 
combination  being  used.  Possibly  the 
vetch  would  live  when  shaded  by  the 
buckwheat  and  come  on  later,  but  we 
doubt  it.  If  your  plan  is  to  leave  the 
buckwheat  on  the  land  to  be  killed  by 
the  frost  the  vetch  might  come  on  late 
and  be  plowed  under  the  following  year. 
Such  a  plan  as  the  above  with  buck¬ 
wheat  and  rye  sometimes  proves  suc¬ 
cessful.  When*  buckwheat  and  rye  are 
sown  together  the  last  week  in  June  the 
buckwheat  will  take  possession  of  the 
soil  promptly,  and  the  rye  will  not  make 
very  much  growth  until  the  buckwheat 
is  harvested  or  cut  down  by  frost,  after 
which  the  rye  takes  possession  of  the 
land  and  makes  growth  in  the  Fall  and 
Spring,  and  the  whole  may  be  plowed 
under  in  time  to  repeat  the  sowing.  In 
several  instances,  following  this  pro¬ 
gramme  for  three  to  five  years  has  re¬ 
sulted  in  bringing  very  poor  land  into 
a  good  state  of  productivity,  and  the 
crops  of  buckwheat  that  have  been  har¬ 
vested  have  practically  paid  the  cost  of 
the  labor. 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE. 

During  April  new  building  operations 
involving  $61,801,000  were  begun  in  40 
cities  of  the  United  States. 

Onion  seed  from  the  Canary  Islands  to 
the  amount  of  18  tons  was  imported  during 
1910.  It  was  mainly  for  Texas  sowing, 
where  the  “Bermuda”  onion  business  is 
growing  rapidly.  The  Texas  onions  are 
now  arriving  in  northern  markets,  bringing 
$1  to  $2  per  bushel. 

Quite  a  Load. — This  consisted  of  12  rolls 
of  printing  paper,  averaging  above  1.200 
pounds  each,  making  something  over  seven 
tons.  The  motive  power  was  three  1,800- 
pound  Belgian  horses,  in  good  condition, 
with  backs  as  broad  as  a  young  elephant's. 
This  load,  rattling  over  the  granite  block 
pavement  of  New  Chambers  street,  was  a 
traveling  recommendation  for  the  material 
and  workmanship  in  that  truck. 

Automatic  selling  by  means  of  the  slot 
machine  has  reached  a  very  large  figure. 
A  corporation  with  $6,000,000  stock  and 
$3,600,000  bonds  has  been  formed  by  about 
30  independent  companies  selling  chewing 
gum,  candies,  paper  drinking  cups  and 
telling  the  customer  his  weight.  Observa¬ 
tion  shows  that  about  one  per  cent  of  the 
money  put  into  the  gum  and  candy  ma¬ 
chines  brings  no  return.  The  educational 
effect  of  these  penny-in-the-slot  machines 
is  bad,  as  it  gives  any  child  with  a  penny 
the  opportunity  of  spending  it  foolishly, 
thus  fostering  a  habit  the  direct  adverse 
of  wholesome  thrift. 

A  Little  Giant. — One  of  the  most  inter¬ 
esting  travelers  in  New  York  Bay  and  the 
North  and  East  Rivers  is  the  tugboat.  It 
is  an  ordinary  looking  affair,  but  with  a 
few  snorts  from  its,  perhaps.  800  horse 
power  engine,  it  races  through  -the  water 
and  pulls  or  pushes  loads  that  look  about 
as  inconsistent  as  for  a  man  to  shoulder 
a  barn  and  walk  away  with  it.  The  im¬ 
mense  ocean  steamers  are  too  ‘awkward  to. 
dock  safely  with  their  own  power,  but  a 
tug  or  two  with  their  three-inch  diameter 
hawsers  handle  the  monster,  sliding  it  into 
the  slip  or  hauling  it  out  in  mid-stream 
ready  to  start  away,  as  readily  as  a  man 
handles  a  large  stone  with  a  bar.  This 
hawser  costs  about  30  cents  per  foot  and  a 
busy  tug  has  to  buy  over  $1,000  worth  of 
it  per  year. 

What  Are  Correct  Prices? — In  most 
large  produce  market  cities  a  daily  “price 
current”  is  issued.  This  is  more  or  less 
official  in  character,  depending  on  how 
much  interest  the  local  trade  organizations 
take  in  it.  The  question  often  arises  as  to 
whether  a  commission  man  may  be  held 
responsible  for  failure  to  get  for  produce 
the  price  quoted  for  that  day.  If  he  made 
a  definite  promise  to  secure  the  quotation 
on  the  day  sold  he  is  under  moral  obliga¬ 
tion  to  return  that  price  and  is  legally 
bound  according  to  the  construction  the 
courts  put  on  the  language  in  which  the 
supposed  promise  was  made.  If  the  com¬ 
mission  man  receives  the  goods  under  no 
definite  promise  or  with  the  understanding 
that  he  is  to  sell  them  the  best  he  can, 
he  cannot  be  held  to  the  official  quotation. 
Honestly  made  quotations  represent  sales, 
the  top  price  the  best  some  man,  or  perhaps 
two  or  three,  were  able  to  get,  but  their 
best  may  be  much  better  than  many  others 
in  the  same  market  can  get,  because  the 
supply  of  customers  who  will  buy  at  those 
prices  runs  out.  There  is  not  enough 
cream  to  go  around.  Those  dealers  who 
days  or  weeks  in  advance  promise  to  return 
the  full  official  quotation  for  goods  sent 
them,  either  have  a  special  trade  with  a 
large  profit  margin,  or  run  the  risk  of  loss 
if  they  do  not  meet  the  quoted  price.  In 
such  cases  it  is  a  common  practice  to  return 
the  full  price  to  the  man  promised  and 
make  up  the  difference  on  some  other  man 
to  whom  no  promise  has  been  made — a  lit¬ 
eral  robbing  of  Peter  to  pay  Paul.  The 
above  remarks  refer  to  commission  men 
who  are  supposed  to  be  honest,  not  the 
snides  and  crooks  in  the  business. 

W.  W.  H. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


RYE  FOR  THE  SILO 
And  for  Various  Other  Uses. 

Part  II. 

We  have  seen  inquiries  in  regard  to  sep¬ 
arating  vetch  seed  from  rye,  and  as  there 
is  so  much  variation  in  the  size  of  the  vetch 
seed,  some  of  it  being  several  times  as  large 
as  the  smallest,  it  is  a  difficult  proposition 
to  separate  it  from  either  rye  or  wheat 
with  any  machine,  but  the  round,  smooth 
vetch  seed  will  gain  greater  momentum  than 
the  grain  berries,  rolling  down  a  long  four 
or  five  foot  inclined  plane,  and  will  jump 
further  at  the  bottom,  making  it  easy  to 
separate  the  greater  part  of  it  in  that  way. 
Vetch  might  easily  become  a  pest  on  truck 
or  grain  farms ;  is  in  fact  a  weed  of  won¬ 
derful  value  in  its  place. 

Under  the  conditions  which  exist  in  this 
part  of  the  country,  no  system  of  farming  is 
complete  which  does  not  provide  for  the 
return  to  the  soil,  in  some  form,  of  at  least 
a  large  part  of  the  fertility  taken  off  by 
crops,  and  the  more  complicated  this  system 
the  greater  the  number  of  leaks,  and  as 
usually  handled  the  greater  the  waste. 
Where  the  improvement  of  the  land  is  the 
primary  object,  the  shortest  and  quickest 
method  is  to  turn  the  crop  under  without 
handling,  but  the  use  of  rye  for  soiling  or 
silage  is  a  simple  method  of  handling  this 
crop,  allowing  quick  return  to  the  land,  L 
manure  is  properly  cared  for,  with  but  lit  : 
waste  and  small  expense  in  handling ;  a 
very  different  proposition  from  the  usual 
practice  in  this  section,  where  the  rye  is 
allowed  to  mature,  the  grain  thrashed,  sold 
or  ground  and  fed  ;  in  the  Winter  the  straw 
and  manure  are  thrown  in  open  yard  to 
leach  until  Spring,  the  whole  system  a  los¬ 
ing  game,  requiring  many  operations,  fre- 
quently  the  purchase  or  hiring  of  expensive 
machinery,  and  the  proportion  of  fertility 
finally  returned  to  the  soil  is  very  small. 

The  value  of  rye  is  too  often  overlooked 
in  the  scramble  for  legumes.  We  are  ad¬ 
vised  on  every  side  to  use  legumes  to 
bring  up  land,  but  with  many  farms  it  is 
like  expecting  a  boy  to  enter  college  before 
he  has  been  through  the  primary.  The  man 
who  can  grow  good  crops  of  clover  is,  fig¬ 
uratively  speaking,  almost  “through  col¬ 
lege.”  How  many  of  us  who  are  fighting 
for  existence  on  poor  farms  have  not  had 
the  methods  of  some  successful  farmer  held 
up  to  our  view,  and  been  advised  to  sow 
clover,  plow  it  under  and  raise  big  crops 
like  he  does.  There  are  two  such  cases  in 
this  section,  both  making  use  of  clover  and 
raising  more  potatoes  on  one  acre  than  some 
do  on  three  or  four,  but  both  of  these  men 
had  a  good  start.  Neither  had  any  interest 
to  raise,  no  mortgage  to  pay  off,  and  were 
free  to  plow  under  crops  and  bring  up  their 
land,  and  while  they  are  now  able  to  raise 
big  crops  of  clover,  we  know  that  in  at 
least  one  of  these  cases,  rye  was  first  used 
to  bring  up  the  land  before  starting  with 
clover.  Those  who  are  so  free  with  their 
advice,  which  is  often  as  valuable  as  that 
given  by  the  same  class  of  people  to  use 
Alfalfa  to  bring  up  poor  laud,  do  not  stop 
to  consider  or  .have  not  learned  by  hard- 
earned  experience  that  bringing  up  with 
clover  land  that  would  not  produce  as  much 
clover  to  the  square  rod  as  would  make  a 
hen’s  nest,  is  easier  talked  of  than  done. 
Before  wre  can  build  up  a  run-down  farm 
by  plowing  under  crops,  we  have  to  have  a 
crop  that  will  grow  on  the  poor  soil,  and 
too  often  money  put  into  clover  seed  for 
such  land  is  thrown  away,  excepting  such 
part  as  might  lie  in  the  ground  to  make  its 
appearance  in  later  years,  when  conditions 
have  become  more  favorable.  Advice  is 
cheap  and  easy  to  get  and  there  are  few 
who  will  back  up  their  advice  to  use  le¬ 
gumes  on  poor  land,  by  standing  the  loss 
if  they  fail. 

The  present  poultry  craze,  upon  which 
fakes  are  fattening  with  their  “systems,”  is 
not  unlike  the  articles  which  appear  from 
time  to  time  in  some  papers,  telling  of  the 
wonderful  results  obtained  in  bringing  up 
land  by  the  use  of  this  or  that  legume,  and 
so  it  goes.  Conditions  vary.  Each  man  has 
his  own  problem  to  work  out  on  his  own 
soil.  Nothing  can  be  truer  than,  as  Prof. 
Roberts  said,  “Every  farm  is  an  experiment 
station,  and  the  owner  is  the  director.” 
When  a  man  builds  a  house,  he  knows  he 
will  want  a  roof  before  he  gets  through, 
but  he  does  not  usually  build  the  roof  first. 
Humus  is  the  foundation,  the  place  to  start 
to  build  your  farm.  We  begin  at  the  wrong 
end  when  we  start  with  legumes  on  land 
that  is  genuinely  poor.  There  are  thou¬ 
sands  of  farmers  who  would  get  far  more 
benefit  from  one  bushel  of  rye  or  buck¬ 
wheat  and  plow  the  crop  under,  than  from 
the  use  of  a  whole  bushel  of  clover  seed. 
The  teachings  of  L.  L.  D.  (Lime,  Legumes 
and  Drainage)  are  all  right  in  their  place, 
but  that,  too,  is  comparatively  a  “college 
course”  so  far  as  much  poor  land  is  con¬ 
cerned,  and  the  more  important  preparatory 
work  of  getting  some  kind  of  humus  in  the 
soil  should  not  be  overlooked.  It  ought  to 
be  H.  L.  L.  D.  with  the  “II.”  as  large  as 
the  other  three. 

In  a  section  like  this,  where  during  the 
blooming  time  of  sorrel  the  landscape  is 
dotted  and  splashed  with  red  (even  the  sky 
often  red  at  sunset  t,  notwithstanding  the 
fact  that  we  are  told  that  sorrel  indicates 
sour  land,  and  the  need  of  lime,  the  man 
who  uses  burnt  lime  on  such  land,  without 
first  supplying  humus,  is  doing  himself  or 
the  land  a  positive  damage.  We  know  by 
experience  that  the  lime  does  not  always 
kill  sorrel,  and  that  on  land  red  with  sorrel 
clover  will  come  in  of  itself,  without  seed¬ 
ing,  by  the  application  of  stable  manure  and 
thorough  cultivation  of  intervening  crops. 
In  our  own  case  we  started  in  at  first  trying 
to  raise  legumes  and  used  lime.  In  other 
words,  we  tried  to  take  the  “advanced 
course”  with  lime  and  legumes  and  flunked. 
We  had  to  go  back  and  start  over  again 
with  “addition”  and  “multiplication”  of  the 
humus  content.  i.  c.  Rogers. 

Livingston  Co.,  N.  Y. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


To  use  is  to 
— approve — \ 


Runabout,  $750 

F.  O.  B,  Detroit,  including  three  oil  lamps,  tools  and 
horn.  Gas  lamps  and  tank  or  generator,  top,  wind¬ 
shield,  etc.,  extra.  The  picture  shows  a  Runabout 
with  detachable  doors,  which  cost  S‘25  extra. 

Touring  Car  for  4,  $!KK);  with  fore-doors,  $25  extra. 


GUARANTEED  FOR  LIFE 


You  never  meet  a  Hupmobile  owner 
H  who  is  willing  to  say  aught  but  good 
cf  his  car. 

j  Unsolicited,  many  of  them  write  en- 
|  thusiastically  of  the  pleasure  and 
service  they  have  had  with  their 
Hupmobiles. 

Frank  Grates,  a  building  inspector  of 
Redlands,  Cal.,  writes: 

“My  1  lupmobile  runabout  has  cost  me 
only  6o  cents  in  a  year,  and  that  not  for 
machinery,  but  for  varnish.  I  find  that 
I  average  about  26  miles  to  the  gallon: 
the  up;keep  during  the  year  has  not 
cost  me  over  $6  a  month.” 

Dr.  A.  A. Brown  of  San  Antonio, Texas: 
“I  use  it  constantly  for  every  call,  and 
my  total  expenses  for  gasoline  and  oil 
average  about  $10  a  month.” 

W.R.  Vann,  of  the  Van  Camp  Hardware 
&  Iron  Co.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. : 

“I  am  a  traveling  salesman,  weigh  28s 
lbs.  and  carry  about  too  lbs.  of  bag¬ 
gage,  and  have  driven  this  car  every 
day  over  all  kinds  of  roads,  having  a 
mileage  of  17,000  miles  this  year.  My 
tires  run  from  10,000  to  12,000  miles.  I 
have  increased  my  volume  of  business 
and  at  the  same  time  decreased  my  ex¬ 
pense  account  over  the  previous  year.” 

Every  one  of  these  men  bought  a  Hup¬ 
mobile  to  save  time  and  money  and 
found  it  a  practical  economy. 

And  so,  invariably,  experience  with  a 
Hupmobile  wins  permanent  approval. 

Investigation  will  show  you  why. 


Hupp  Motor  Car  Co. 

Dept.  1220  Jefferson  Ave.,  Detroit,  Mich. 


DHIluHllto  “Hints  to  Buyers  and  Sellers”mni]edFree. 

20th  CENTURY  AUTOMOBILE  CO. 


246  West  49th,  near  Broadway,  New  York 


LOW  PRICES  haUsome  FENCI 

100  other  styles.  Many  cheaper  than  wood — all  better.  For  Lawn 
Churches,  Parks,  etc.  Write  for  Pattern  Book  and  special  offe 

THE  WARD  FENCE  CO.,  Box  945  Decatur,  Ini 


AMERICAN 


Steel  Fence  Post 


Cheaper  Than  Wood 

and  More  Durable 

Many  years  of  experimenting 
with  metal  fence  posts  have 
developed  this  post.  It  is 
now  thoroughly  practical,  fill¬ 
ing  every  requirement  on  the 
farm,  in  the  town,  for  rail¬ 
roads  and  wherever  fence  posts 
are  used. 

Made  of  tough  steel,  heavily 
zinc  coated.  Durability 
proven  by  us — ten  years’  ac¬ 
tual  use  showing  good  as  new. 
Means  a  big  reduction  in 
fence  cost  and  maintenance. 

40-page  catalog  sent  free,  fully 
illustrating  and  describing.  Send 
for  it. 


Sold  by  dealers  everywhere.  Ask 
dealer  to  show  samples  and  quote 
prices,  or  write  us  direct. 

American  Steel  6  Wire  Co. 


Chicago  : 

115  Adams  Street 
Denver : 

First  Nat.  Bank  Bldg. 


New  York: 

30  Church  Street 
San  Francisco : 
16th  and  Folsom  Sts. 


ft 

We  Want , 

■  Oar  1911 

f  Catalog  in  the  Home'' 

4)1  Every  F armer  in  America 

178  pages  filled  from  cover  to  cover  with  goTYtrinel 
Boggy,  Harness  and  Saddle  bargains;  251  illustra-1 
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signs  in  harness;  the  biggest  and  best  book  ever  printed  ^ 
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might  as  well  have 
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Wilber  H.  Murray 
M’l’o  Co. 
k308  E.  5th  St, 
Cincinnati, 

Ohio 

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From  Factor/To  Horse 


YOUR  HOME  SHOULD 
ATTRACT  ATTENTION 

If  you  -want  to  add  not  only 
to  the  appearance  of  your 
property  but  to  its  value,  put 
up  an  attractive  and  durable 

REPUBLIC 

ORNAMENTAL  FENCE 

thus  combining  artistic  appear¬ 
ance,  permanence  and  economy. 

Republic  are  built  not  only  for  beauty, 

FTNCrc  .but  for  The  fabric 

r  t  li  U  t  b  js  made  of  best  quality 
heavily  galvanized  cables  and  heavy  upright 
pickets,  corrugated  only  wh,  Te  they  engage 
the  cabled  line  wires.  These  features  com¬ 
bine  to  make  a  rustproof  fabric. 

Made  in  attractive  designs,  for 
either  wood  or  iron  posts.  Self  ad¬ 
justing  to  uneven  ground  and  easily 
put  up. 

Write  for  catalog  of  Republic  Ornso* 
mental  Fence  and  Farm  Gates. 

It’s  FREE. 

Republic  Fence  $  Gate  Co., 

, ,  211  Republic  St.f  North  Chicago,  Ill. 


|ROWN  FENCER 


J1 

%  Strongest,  most  durable  fence 
J  made.  Heaviest,  closest  wires.  Double  - 
^galvanized.  Practically  indestructible.  Stock 
xong  Chickentight.  14to 35c perrod.Sample free.  Wepayfrt. 

fhe  Brown  Fence  &  Wire  Co.,  Dept.  S')  Cleveland,  Ohio  | 


NET  SSOO^TO  SIOOOBrPER  ACRE 

1 N  // 


Growing 

f  Oranges,  Grapefruit,  Vegetables. 

Thousands  of  satisfied  setders  are  making  iS 
INDEPENDENT  FORTUNES  ’fj 

y  You  are  offered  the  same  opportunity.  Buy  a  |L 
few  acres  now  while  the  land  is  cheap — prices  are  a 
S  advancing.  Quick  transportation  to  the  best  Ea/t- 
g  era  and  Northern  Markets  via  the  S.  A.  L.  Ry.  -J 
Ideal  climate  year  round — no  freezes,  no  extreme 
heat — abundance  of  pure  water — plenty  of  £| 
satisfactory  labor. 

It’s  America’s  Fruit  and  Garden  Market. 

An  instructive  booklet  fully  describing 
this  country  will  be  sent  free. 
jgL  I.  W.  WHITE,  Gen’I  Industrial  Agt. 

Dept.  A  S.  A.  L.  Ry. 

NORFOLK,  VA. 


COLORADO  FARM  VALUES  GAIN  300% 

Thirty  per  cent  every  year,  300  per  cent  in  ten 
years,  is  the  gain  in  value  of  Colorado  farm  lands 
just  reported  by  the  United  States  census.  In  the 
next  ten  years,  with  further  extension  of  irrigation 
there  will  be  a  still  greater  gain.  Colorado  farms 
often  pay  for  themselves  in  two  or  three  years,  and 
sometimes  in  one.  Double  crops  and  high-priced 
markets.  Sunshine  and  health-restoring  climate. 
Thirty  thousand  more  farmers  can  bnihi  substan¬ 
tial  bank  accounts  while  supplying  the  dairy,  hog 
and  poultry  products  now  consumed  annually  in 
this  State.  Write  us  for  official  information 
COLORADO  STATE  BOARD  OF  IMMIGRA¬ 
TION,  314  State  House,  Denver,  Colorado, 


WE  SELL  FARMS  in  Oceana,  best  Connty  in  U.  S. 

Fruit,  Alfalfa,  Grain, Vegetables,  Stock,  Poul¬ 
try.  J.  D.  S.  HANSON  &  SON,  Hart,  Mich. 


C«|a — Farm  of  140  acres:  twelve-room 
1  0l  5316  house:  two  barns,  70  by  30  and  45 
by  30:  other  outbuildings  ;  shade,  nut,  and  fruit 
trees.  Price,  $2,0)0.  Terms,  $1,000  cash,  balance  to 

suit.  HALL’S  FARM  AGENCY.  Oweoo,  Tioga  County,  N.  Y 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


607 


SAVING  THE  SEED  OF  VETCH. 

J.  C.  L .,  Louisville,  Oa— Will  Mr.  C.  W. 
Frescott  tell  us  how  to  gather  Hairy  vetch 
seed?  I  have  a  little  growing  and  wish  to 
gather  the  seed. 

Ans. — My  experience  in  vetch  grow¬ 
ing  is  so  limited  that  I  do  -not  wish  to 
say  much  about  it.  The  large  vetch 
growers  are  the  ones  to  tell  how  to  save 
vetch  seed.  However,  my  experience  may 
be  of  some  service  to  the  small  grow¬ 
er  who  may  some  time  become  a  large 
one.  The  seed  having  been  sown  August 
3,  1909,  came  up  well  and  made  a  12  to 
15  inch  growth  before  cold  weather. 
Wintering  well,  it  was  about  the  first 
vegetation  to  start  in  April,  1910.  In 
May  the  plants  began  to  hunt  for  some¬ 
thing  to  climb  on.  Handy  to  the  field 
were  quantities  of  small  birches;  these 
were  cut  four  to  seven  feet  tall  and 
stuck  up  in  the  ground  so  the  vetch 
could  grow  up  on  them.  During  May 
the  vines  were  assisted  in  their  climbing 
so  that  by  June  1  the  brush  was  nearly 
covered,  and  the  mass  of  blossoms  will 
never  be  forgotten  by  those  who  had 
the  privilege  of  seeing  them.  June  and 
July  in  Concord,  Mass.,  were  very  dry, 
hot  months,  but  the  vetch  seemed  to 
thrive  wonderfully,  even  on  the  poor 
land.  As  the  blossoms  began  to  pass  it 
was  noticed  that  the  seed  pods  were 
abundant  and  well  filled. 

In  early  July  the  problem  of  gather¬ 
ing  the  seed  had  to  be  solved.  How  was 
it  to  be  accomplished?  The  vines  on 
July  19  were  disentangled  from  the 
brush  which  was  pulled  up  and  taken 
away.  Then  the  vines  were  pulled  up 
by  the  roots  and  laid  in  heaps  as  care¬ 
fully  as  possible,  so  the  seed  would  not 
be  rattled  out.  Then  they  were  forked 
into  a  tight  floored  wagon  and  taken  to 
a  shed  under  cover.  All  this  was  done 
when  there  was  a  heavy  dew  on  the 
vines,  as  the  seed  did  not  rattle  out  so 


much.  The  mass  of  vines  in  the  shed 
were  turned  several  times,  and  later 
when  quite  dry  were  thrashed  out  on  a 
tight  floor,  and  the  seed  separated  from 
the  chaff.  This,  in  brief,  is  our  simple 
method  of  saving  vetch  seed.  On  large 
areas,  perhaps,  the  above  would  not  be 
feasible.  We  must  creep  before  we 
walk,  and,  perhaps, the  large  vetch  grower 
will  tell  us  all  a  better  way.  Right  here 
I  want  to  say  that  I  have  been  greatly 
helped  by  the  advice  and  assistance  of 
Profs.  A.  D.  Shamel  and  J.  B.  Norton, 
of  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 

C.  W.  PRESCOTT. 


More  About  Ground  Limestone. 

It.  it/.,  Ballston  Lake,  A*.  Y. — Wanting 
lime  for  my  land,  I  ordered  some  from  our 
local  fertilizer  agent.  I  inclose  tag  taken 
from  one  of  the  hags.  Is  it  the  right  kind 
to  use?  What  is  calcium  oxide?  I  have 
been  told  that  it  is  air-slaked  lime,  and 
that  it  is  not  the  right  kind  of  lime  to  use 
on  our  land.  Is  that  so?  Our  local 
agent's  price  for  same  is  .$11  per  ton. 

Ans. — The  tag  states  that  the  lime 
contains  “50  per  cent  of  calcium  oxide.” 
It  is  evidently  a  ground  limestone.  The 
price,  $11  per  ton,  is  too  high  for  this 
lime.  “Calcium  oxide”  is  the  chemical 
name  for  lime,  just  as  chloride  of  so¬ 
dium  means  common  salt.  The  metal 
calcium  is  very  rare  in  pure  form,  as  it 
rapidly  changes  when  exposed  to  air. 
When  combined  with  oxygen  to  form  an 
oxide  it  makes  the  white  substance 
known  as  lime.  The  limestone  as  found 
in  the  soil  is  a  carbonate,  that  is,  lime 
combined  with  carbonic  acid.  When 
this  is  burned  the  carbonic  acid  is  driven 
off  and  the  lime  is  left.  A  pure  car¬ 
bonate  of  lime  will  have  in  each  100 
pounds  5G  pounds  of  lime  and  44  pounds 
of  carbonic  acid.  Most  limestones  are 
impure,  that  is,  they  contain  other  min¬ 
erals  beside  the  lime.  The  one  you 
speak  of  is  guaranteed  to  contain  50 


per  cent  of  lime  instead  of  56,  which  a 
pure  limestone  would  have.  This  is  not 
a  bad  sample  of  limestone,  and  on  soils 
that  are  not  very  sour  or  on  light  soils 
it  will  probably  give  good  results.  The 
price,  however,  is  too  high. 


TRUTH  ABOUT  THE  “  SAND  HILLS,” 

Some  time  ago  I  wrote  an  article  describ¬ 
ing  prices  and  conditions  in  this  portion 
of  Nebraska  known  as  the  Sand  Hills,  and 
it  seems  to  have  created  considerable  in¬ 
terest  among  a  number  of  your  readers. 
In  the  first  place  I  want  to  say  that  I’m 
not  a  grafter;  I'm  not  a  real  estate  man; 
I’m  not  even  a  locator.  As  almost  the 
first  thing  a  person  wants  to  know  is  the 
financial  requirements  I  will  state  that  the 
filing  fee  is  $15.  At  the  expiration  of  five 
years  when  final  proof  is  made,  there  is  an 
additional  cost  of  about  $18.  To  file  on  one 
of  these  claims  the  applicant  must  be  a  citi¬ 
zen  of  the  United  States,  not  owning  more 
than  160  acres  of  land.  After  filing  he 
wi'  she)  is  given  six  months  in  which  to 
build  a  house  and  establish  a  homei  upon 
the  land.  During  the  five  years  residence 
upon  the  land  the!  holder  must  put  on  im¬ 
provements  at  the  ratio  of  $1.25  per  acre. 
For  instance,  if  he  takes  a  full  section  of 
640  acres  he  must  put  on  improvements 
to  the  value  of  $800.  For  a  wire  fence, 
posts  two  rods  apart,  three  wires;  the  .’Gov¬ 
ernment  allows  $95  per  mile.'  Now  'as  to 
the  land.  It  is  all  hills  and  _  valleys.  “Tlie' 
lulls  are  in  ranges,  a  range  being,  from  one 
to  15  miles  in  length.  The  valley-shire  from 
one-half  to  one  mile  wide.  The  hills  are 
pure  white  sand,  unadulterated.  The  val¬ 
leys. are  black  sand.  We  usually  have"'  an 
abundance  of  rain,  but  no  mud.  Some  of 
these  valleys  are  so  low  that  they  are 
below  water  level.  Some  have  springs. 
These  form  lakes.  In  these,  which  are 
called  hay  valleys,  the  grass  grows  from 
two  to  six  feet  high.  In  the  dry  valleys 
and  on  the  hills  the  grass  where  not  pas¬ 
tured  grows  from  12  to  20  inches  high. 
The  wet  valleys  are  principally  owned  by 
the  cattlemen  who  have  been  here  for 
years,  although  one  sometimes  finds  an  oc¬ 
casional  piece  smuggled. 

The  cattle  man  figures  to  run  100  head 
of  cattle  on  a  section  of  the  grazing  land 
during  the  Summer.  He  reserves  some  of 
his  grazing  land  for  Winter  and  figures 
that  one  ton  of  hay  added  to  what  they 


graze  will  carry  a  “critter”  through  the 
Winter;  hay  worth  about  $3.50  to  $4  per 
ton.  The  dry  valleys  where  not  too  high 
will  raise  good  crops  and  about  2M>  tons 
of  Alfalfa  per  acre  (two  cuttings).  Land 
along  the  railroad  is  about  all  taken,  unless 
the  Government  should  decide  to  give  up 
the  forest  reserve  for  settlement.  A  sec¬ 
tion  of  dry  land  will  run  about  60  head  the 
year  round.  On  a  good  many  ranches 
horses  are  fed  no  hay  at  all,  just  rounded 
up  at  branding  time. 

One  man  from  New  York  wrote  me  a 
short  time  ago  and  among  other  things 
he  wanted  to  know  about  timber.  There 
isn't  any.  There  are  three  box  elders  and 
one  small  elm  here  at  the  section  house, 
and  three  cottonwoods  and  ditto  at  the 
-depot.  Fuel?  Coal  costs  $7.50  to  $9  per  ton. 
“Buffalo  chips”  free  for  the  picking.  Along 
the  railroad  folks  usually  manage  to  slip 
out  enough  old  ties  to  last  through  the 
Winter  and  burn  “chips”  during  the  Sum¬ 
mer.  I  recently  sold  my  land  here  to  a 
cattle  man,  and  am  thinking  of  investing  in 
Missouri  timber  lands.  Now  in  conclusion, 
if  you  are  paying  cash  rent,  giving  all  you 
make  each  year  to  the  landlord,  have  to 
mortgage  your  stock  to  secure  the  rent, 
working  just  for  a  living,  making  nothing, 
cut  it  out.  let  the  landlord  farm  it  himself. 
I  would  advise  you  to  come  to  the  Sand 
Ilills.  You  can  stand  it  five  years  anyway. 
It’s  healthy  here.  Rven  if  you  have  noth¬ 
ing  now.  you  should  be  able  to  leave  here 
at  the  end  of  five  years  with  at  least 
$2,000.  Society?  None.  Church — -about 
the  same.  Schools,  a  few.  Of  course  this 
is  baeje  ,  from  railroad.  Wife  and  I  have 
been  -here  nearly  six  years.  We  are  here 
yet,  and  are  in  no  hurry  to  leave.  I  pre¬ 
sume  -I  -have  received  50  letters  from  per¬ 
sons  in  different  places  during  my  five 
or  six  years  here  and  after  describing  the 
country  as  I  saw  it  I  invariably  added, 
“Come  and  see.  '  Look  before  you  leap.” 
Take  no  man's  word.  I  have  known  people 
to  drop  in  here  who  couldn’t  get  away  fast 
enough.  f.  h.  brooks. 

Grant  Co.,  Neb. 


Sam  Pone:  “Didn’t  you  buy  de  horse 
dat  you  was  lookin’  at,  Ras?”  Ras 
PIollow:  “Naw;  I  was  kinda  uncertain 
’bout  his  age.  He  had  one  toof,  and  I 
couldn’t  tell  whether  it  were  de  first  or 
de  last.” — Chicago  Daily  News. 


•  • 

Can’t  Get  Away  From  It 


Is  it  possible  to  nourish,  strengthen  and  Rebuild 
the  Brain  by  Food? 

Every  man  who  thinks  uses  up  part  of  the  brain 
each  day.  Why  don’t  it  all  disappear  and  leave  an 
empty  skull  in  say  a  month  of  brain  work?  Be¬ 
cause  the  man  rebuilds  each  day. 

If  he  builds  a  little  less  than  he  destroys,  brain 
fag  and  nervous  prostration  result  sure.  If  he 
builds  back  a  little  more  each  day,  the  brain  grows 
stronger  and  more  capable.  That  also  is  sure. 
Where  does  man  get  the  material  to  rebuild  bis 
brain?  Is  it  from  air,  sky  or  the  ice  of  the  Arctic 
sea?  When  you  come  to  think  about  it,  the  re¬ 
building  material  must  be  in  the  food  and  drink. 

That  also  is  sure. 

Are  the  brain  rebuilding  materials  found  in  all 
food?  In  a  good  variety  but  not  in  suitable  propor¬ 
tion  in  all.  ,  , 

To  illustrate:  we  know  bones  are  made  largely,  of 

lime  and  magnesia  taken  from  food;  therefore  t'o ~ 

make  healthy  bone  structure  we  must  have  -food' 

containing  these  things.  We  would  hardly  feed 

only  sugar  and  fat  to  make  healthy  bone'  Structure 
.  1 
m  a  growing  child.  - 

A  C '  !  -iC 

^  .  v  .  \  v  *.  '(• 

Likewise  if  we  would  feed  in  a  skilful  manner 
to  insure  getting  what  the  brain  requires  for 
strength  and  rebuilding,  we  must  first  know  wha.f’ 
the  brain  is  composed  of  and  then  seleG.tL;soiiie 
article  or  articles  (there  are  more  than  one;)  that, 
contain  these  elements. 

Analysis  of  brain  by  an  unquestionable  authority, 
Geoghegan,  shows  of  Mineral  Salts,  Phosphoric 
Acid  and  Potash  combined  (Phosphate  of  Potash) 
2.91  per  cent  of  the  total,  5.33  of  all  mineral  Salts. 

This  is  over  one-half. 

Beaunis,  another  authority,  shows  “Phosphoric 


Acid  combined”  and  Potash  73.44  per  cent  from  a 
total  of  101.07. 

Considerable  more  than  one-half  of  Phosphate 
of  Potash. 

Analysis  of  Grape-Nuts  shows :  Potassium  and 
Phosphorus  (which  join  and  make  Phosphate  and 
Potash)  is  considerable  more  than  one-half  of  all 

the  mineral  salts  in  the  food. 

>  ■’  ■ 

Dr.  Geo.  W.  Carey,  an  authority  on  the  consti¬ 
tuent  elements  of  the  body,  says :  “The  gray  mat¬ 
ter  of  the  brain  is  controlled  entirely  by  the  inor¬ 
ganic  cell-salt.  .  Potassium  Phosphate  (Phosphate 
of  Potash).  This  salt  unites  with  albumen  and  by 
the  addition  of  oxygen  creates  nerve  fluid  or  the 
gray  matter  of  the  brain.  Of  course,  there  is  a 
trace  of  other  -salts  and  other  organic  matter  in 
nerve  fluid,  but  Potassium  Phosphate  is  the  chief 
factor,  and  has  the  power  within  itself  to  attract, 
by  its  own  law  of  affinity,  all  things  need'ed  to 
;mamvfacture  the  elixir  of  life.” 

Further  on  he  says:  “The  beginning  and  end  of 
the  matter  is  to  supply  the  lacking  principle,  and  in 
molecular  form,  exactly  as  nature  furnishes  it  in 
vegetables,  fruits  and  grain.  To  supply  deficiencies 
— this  is  the  only  law  of  cure.” 

The  natural  conclusion  is  that  if  Phosphate  of 
Potash  is  the  needed  mineral  element  in  brain  and 
.  you  use  food  which  does  not  contain  it,  you  have 
brain  fag  because  its  daily  loss  is  not  supplied. 

On  the  contrary,  if  you  eat  food  known  to  be 
rich  in  this  element,  you  place  before  the  life  forces 
that  which  nature  demands  for  brain-building. 

Mind  does  not  work  well  on  a  brain  that  is 
broken  down  by  lack  of  nourishment. 

A  peaceful  and  evenly  poised  mind  is  necessary 
to  good  digestion. 

Worry,  anxiety,  fear,-  hate,  etc.,  etc.,  directly  in¬ 


terfere  with  or  stop  the  flow  of  Ptyalin,  the  diges¬ 
tive  juice  of  the  mouth,  and  also  interfere  with  the 
flow  of  the  digestive  juices  of  stomach  and  pan¬ 
creas. 

Therefore,  the  mental  state  of  the  individual  has 
much  to  do  (more  than  suspected)  with  digestion. 

Brain  is  made  of  Phosphate  of  Potash  as  the 

principal  Mineral  Salt,  added  to  albumen  and  water. 

Grape-Nuts  contain  that  element  as  more  than 


A  healthy  brain  is  important,  if  one  would  “do 
things”  in  this  world. 

A  man  who  sneers  at  “Mind”  sneers  at  the  best 
and  least  understood  part  of  himself.  That  part 
which  some  folks  believe  links  us  to  the  Infinite. 

Mind  asks  for  a  healthy  brain  upon  which  to 
act,  and  Nature  has  defined  a  way  to  make  a 
healthy  brain  and  renew  it  day  by  day  as  it  is  used 
up  from  work  of  the  previous  day. 

Nature’s  way  to  rebuild  is  by  the  use  of  food 
which  supplies  the  things  required.  Brain  rebuild¬ 
ing  material  is  certainly  found  in 


“There’s  a  Reason” 


Postum  Cereal  Company,  Ltd., 
Battle  Creek,  Mich. 


one-half  of  all  its  mineral  salts. 


Grape-Nuts 


«08 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


I  wish  you  could  have  been  with  us  for 
supper  on  May  6.  The  week  was  ending 
better  than  we  expected.  The  cold  winds 
kept  up  until  Friday,  and  then  the  wind 
stopped  blowing  and  the  clouds  chased 
themselves  away  and  gave  the  sun  a  chance. 
Our  belated  trees  came,  the  soil  was  dry 
and  things  began  to  move.  The  horses 
were  going  at  good  speed.  Philip  was 
planting  potatoes.  Merrill  was  putting  in 
peach  trees  and  the  hoes  were  swinging  in 
the  strawberries  when  a  great  pillar  of 
dark  smoke  shot  up  behind  the  hill. 

“Fire  in  the  woods  l" 

That  is  what  we  are  always  afraid  of  tin 
a  dry,  windy  time.  If  fire  should  work 
into  our  mulched  orchards  at  this  season — 
there  the  orchard  would  end.  So  all  our 
folks  ran  with  varying  degrees  of  speed  to 
fight  fire.  We  got  it  out  finally,  but  it 
spoiled  a  half  day’s  work  !  The  firefighters 
lined  up  at  the  table  with  a  determination 
to  handle  supper  as  they  did  the  fire.  If 
you  had  been  there  you  would  have  boon 
good  for  four  helps  to  baked  beans  and  four 
more  of  rhubarb  sauce.  Then  when  you 
were  not  looking  I  could  have  filled  your 
plate  again.  You  would  have  taken  slice 
after  slice  of  homemade  bread  until  the 
bread  maker  trembled  between  pride  and 
fear  that  her  loaves  would  not  hold  out 
over  Sunday.  The  sun  smiled  at  us  over 
the  hill  with  a  face  as  red  as  the  baby’s 
hair.  In  the  barnyard,  Broker,  the  new 
gray  colt  who  has  just  made  the  trip  from 
Virginia,  scraped  acquaintance  with  the 
baby  chicks  which  came  by  express  from 
Lake  Ontario.  It  was  a  great  ending  for 
a  good  day,  and  after  supper  as  I .  walked 
out  through  the  young  peach  orchard  I 
thought  what  a  fine  thing  it  is  to  be  alive 
here  at  the  season  when  Nature  is  renew¬ 
ing  her  youth.  Our  peach  bloom  seems  to 
have  come  safely  through  the  cold  wave, 
the  apple  trees  are  loaded  with  buds  and 
the  asparagus  comes  in  with  the  first  mess 
to-morrow. 

And  that  takes  my  thoughts  away  from 
Hope  Farm,  for  one  week  ago,  on  April  29, 
I  was  at  Concord,  Mass.,  at  the  field  meet¬ 
ing  of  the  Massachusetts  Asparagus  Grow¬ 
ers’  Association.  I  would  like  to  tell  about 
it.  Asparagus  is  to  my  notion  one  of  the 
most  promising  crops  that  a  careful  farmer 
or  gardener  can  grow.  You  never  yet  sawr 
anyone  in  town  who  had  all  he  wanted  of 
it.  At  present  it  is  a  luxury — more  so  I 
think  than  anything  else  which  may  be 
ranked  as  a  farm  crop.  Even  if  you  could 
raise  so  much  of  it  that  it  would  become 
a  necessity,  which  means  that  the  price 
would  be  cut  in  two,  it  would  still  be  as 
profitable  a  crop  as  a  man  could  grow.  And 
the  crop  is  not  unlike  a  man  taking  his 
family  through  a  wolf-infested  forest — for 
rust  and  beetles  and  half  a  dozen  other 
evils  lie  in  wait  to  devour  it.  So  that 
asparagus  is  a  crop  that  w'ill  tax  the  best 
powers  of  any  man  before  he  can  succeed 
with  it. 

At  Concord,  Mass.,  they  have  worked  out 
some  things  about  asparagus  which  cannot 
be  found  anywhere  else.  He  would  be  a 
strange  American  who  does  not  know  why 
Concord  is  famous.  Over  130  yea  re  ago 
a  horseman  galloped  through  the  night  out 
from  Boston,  warning  the  minute  men  that 
the  British  were  coming.  From  every  farm 
within  miles  the  farmers  came  running,  and 
at  Concord  bridge  and  behind  some  of  the 
old  stone  walls  yet  standing  they  “fired  the 
shot  heard  round  the  world.”  Then  at  a 
later  date  Emerson,  Hawthorne  and  Tbor- 
eau  lived  at  Concord  in  person,  while  in 
word  and  spirit  they  lived  in  the  hearts  of 
men  wherever  language  is  spoken.  So  we 
may  say  that  Concord  changed  the  world’s 
political  history  and  also  changed  the 
world's  thought.  Thus  men  and  women 
’  come  by  the  thousand  every  year  to  see 
where  the  patriots  stood  and  fought  and 
visit  Sleepy  Hollow  Cemetery  where  the 
dreamer  and  the  mystic  are  buried.  Mem¬ 
ory  stretches  a  hand  out  of  the  past  to  at¬ 
tract  these  visitors.  I  would  like  to  help 
swell  another  pilgrimage  to  view  an  achieve¬ 
ment  of  the  present  day.  I  think  you  will 
agree  with  me  that  the  Asparagus  Experi¬ 
ment  Station  at  Concord  in  its  results  is 
destined  to  change  both  agricultural  prac¬ 
tice  and  some  lines  of  scientific  study  and 
thought. 

The  Massachusetts  Asparagus  Growers’ 
Association  started  this  work  some  years 
ago.  They  were  driven  to  it  by  rust.  You 
may  have  heard  a  rusty  wheel  screaming 
and  scraping  as  it  tried  to  turn  under  its 
load.  Well,  the  rust  disease  struck  the  as¬ 
paragus  fields  at  Concord  and  threatened  to 
wipe  out  the  industry.  There  are  some 
people  you  know  who  scream  with  the 
throat  and  then  faint  away.  Those  Con¬ 
cord  men  had  ancestors  who  lamed  their 
shoulders  on  the  Lexington  road  with  kick¬ 
ing  muskets  and  they  screamed  with  the 
brain  and  the  poeketbook.  Their  oi’ganiza- 
tion  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  groups 
of  farmers  ever  called  together.  They  are 
never  short  of  funds  and  do  not  seem  to  be 
obliged  to  issue  hurry  calls  for  new  mem- 


>5  J  i-’  <  -  V  -  W  SV  ■  A  V  ;  >  ■ 

THE  RURAL  NEW  -YORKER 


bers.  After  looking  the  asparagus  situa¬ 
tion  all  over — sending  men  to  California  to 
study  the  culture  on  the  Pacific  Coast  — 
these  men  settled  down  to  the  single  definite 
object  of  finding  varieties  of  asparagus 
which  will  not  rust!  Worse  “dream”  than 
hunting  for  the  golden  fleece  you  will  say — 
but  Prof.  Norton,  who  has  charge  of  the 
plant  breeding,  says  positively : 

“We  already  have  one  male  plant  which 
is  immune F*  What  is  one  plant  good  for? 
Much  the  same  as  a  purebred  bull  would  be 
on  an  island  filled  with  scrub  cattle!  Wait 
and  see  what  is  to  come  from  all  this.  I 
went  over  to  Concord  to  see  what  these 
men  are  doing.  It  will  rank  in  asparagus 
culture  with  what  those  old  farmers  did  for 
independence  or  what  Emerson  and  Thoreau 
did  for  liberal  thought.  There  ai’e  some  ex¬ 
periments  which  may  be  dismissed  with  a 
few  words.  This  is  one  worthy  of  a  full 
discussion  and  1  shall  try  to  give  it.  This 
Asparagus  Association  first  got  strong  mem¬ 
bership  and  funds.  The  membei’s  are  solid 
men  with  influence  and  character,  who 
know  that  when  you  get  anything  worth 
while  you  must  pay  the  price  for  it.  They 
put  up  their  money  cheerfully  and  went  to 
the  experiment  station  and  the  National 
Department  for  help.  The  result  was  they 
were  able  to  obtain  a  skillful  plant  breeder. 
Prof.  Norton,  who  came  right  to  the  farm 
and  practically  lives  on  asparagus  rust  dur¬ 
ing  the  season.  Then  a  definite  place  was 
wanted  for  the  experiments.  Mr.  C.  W. 
Prescott,  one  of  the  best  asparagus  farmers 
at  Concord,  bought  a  tract  of  land  which  is 
in  itself  an  experiment  in  soil  redemption. 

This  field  has  been  in  cultivation  for  600 
years  or  more.  Long  before  the  white  men 
came  the  Indians  used  it  for  a  garden.  The 
first  settlers  used  it  as  a  garden  or  farm 
in  common,  and  as  the  town  grew  it  con¬ 
tinued  to  be  used  for  cropping.  '  In  fact  I 
thing  there  are  very  few  fields  in  America 
which  have  seen  longer  continuous  service 
at  crop  producing.  In  appearance  it  seems 
like  a  level,  stoneless,  sandy  loam.  We 
read  of  “rocky”  New  England,  but  in  this 
field  there  is  hardly  a  stone  large  enough 
to  throw  at  a  dog.  At  the  back  of  the 
field  is  a  narrow  strip  thus  far  uncultivat¬ 
ed.  This  will  show  what  Nature  would  try 
to  do  with  such  soil  if  it  went  back  to  her. 
It  looks  as  if  she  got  discouraged  and  gave 
up  the  job,  for  all  she  produced  was  a  few 
scrub  bushes  and  clumps  of  wild  grass. 
This  field  was  so  poor  and  mean  looking 
that  when  put  up  at  auction  a  few  years 
ago  no  one  would  even  bid  on  it.  Mr.  Pres¬ 
cott  tells  fne  that  there  are  thousands  of 
acres  like  it  in  eastern  Massachusetts  which 
can  be  bought  at  .$10  per  acre.  It  is  now 
producing  asparagus  at  the  rate  of  $400  and 
more  per  acre  !  These  are  facts — $10  land 
in  use  600  yeai'S  producing  $400  of  a  yearly 
permanent  crop  after  three  years'  culture. 
But  let  no  “back  to  the  land”  di’eamer  think 
he  can  duplicate  that  fact  without  woi'king 
and  studying  harder  than  any  lawyer  or 
doctor  ever  did  to  acquire  reputation  and 
practice.  When  1  was  thex’e  Mr.  Prescott 
was  plowing  out  deep  trenches  for  aspara¬ 
gus.  You  would  have  thought  this  would 
Jeave  this  light  loam  covered  with  yellow 
subsoil,  yet  there  was  hardly  a  yellow  patch 
to  be  seen  on  an  acre.  We  dug  wifh  a  spade 
down  below  the  bottom  of  the  furrow,  and 
the  browu  upper  soil  was  at  least  a  foot 
deep.  It  is  evident  that  the  agricultural 
value  of  that  soil  was  figured  with  the  eye 
alone.  The  “spade  test”  would  have  made 
its  value  apparent.  While  such  land  with 
these  possibilities  lies  begging  for  sale  and 
while  millions  of  people  barely  taste  aspara¬ 
gus,  thousands  of  strong  and  able-bodied 
young  men  go  and  come  from  the  suburban 
towns  to  Boston,  where  they  do  an  under¬ 
ling’s  work  at  a  few  dollars  per  week. 
To  some  of  them  these  asparagus  experi¬ 
ments  will  prove  a  revolution.  Not  to  all, 
but  to  those  of  whom  Emerson  said  : 

“What  tests  of  manhood  could  he  stand? 
Take  him  out  of  his  protections.  He  is  a 
good  bookkeeper  :  or  he  is  a  shrewd  adviser 
in  the  insurance  office :  perhaps  he  could 
pass  a  college  examination,  and  take  his 
degrees :  perhaps  he  can  give  wise  counsel 
in  a  court  of  law.  Now  plant  him  down 
among  farmers,  firemen,  Indians  and  emi¬ 
grants.  Set  a  dog  on  him — set  a  highway¬ 
man  on  him  *  *  *  and  if  he  have  the  true 
faculty  this  may  be  the  element  he  wants 
and  he  will  come  out  of  it  with  broader 
wisdom  and  manly  power.” 

The  meeting  was  a  "demonstration”  of 
how  to  plant  asparagus.  Some  150  people 
representing  60  towns  and  five  States  at¬ 
tended,  driving  to  the  farm  in  carriages  or 
automobiles.  There  was  no  hall  for  hold¬ 
ing  a  meeting,  and  that  was  a  good  thing, 
for  a  regular  institute  or  hall  meeting 
would  have  taken  much  of  the  force  of  it 
away.  The  people  walked  right  down  into 
the  field  where  an  acre  of  soil  had  just 
been  furrowed  out.  There  the  crowd  gath¬ 
ered  around  Mr.  Prescott  and  Mr.  Wheeler 
and  listened  and  asked  questions.  After¬ 
ward  Prof.  Norton  talked  about  the  breed¬ 
ing  experiments,  and  what  is  to  be  expected 
from  them.  Let  it  be  understood  that  this 
is  chemical  farming.  Stable  manure  is  so 
costly  and  hard  to  obtain  that  Mr.  Prescott 
depends  on  buckwheat,  vetch,  clover  and 
other  green  manure  crops  for  organic  mat¬ 
ter,  and  on  chemicals  for  plant  fopd.  After 
a  thorough  study  of  the  soil  and  the  habits 
of  the  asparagus  crop  both  scientists  and 
practical  men  agreed  upon  a  formula  for 
this  soil.  Earlier  in  the  day  I  saw  the  mix¬ 
ture  put  together.  The  workmen  simply 
threw  the  chemicals  out  of  the  bags  upon 
a  floor  space  some  10x12  feet.  One  bag  of 
muriate  of  potash  was  spread  thinly  at  the 
bottom  and  alternate  bags  of  tankage,  ni¬ 
trate  and  phosphate  poured  from  the  bags 
on  top.  Then  the  whole  thing  was  shoveled 
together.  This  is  the  formula  for  one  acre  : 


Nitrogen  P.  Acid  Potash 


1,000  lbs.  tankage.... 

70 

100 

200  lbs  acid  phosphate 
400  lbs.  nitrate  soda.. 

64 

28 

450  lbs.  muriate  potash 

225 

Total  . 

134 

128 

225 

This  was  worked  over  with  shovels  until 
it  was  about  as  well  mixed  as  sand  and 
concrete.  Then  it  was  stTeened  twice 
through  a  screen  with  the  lumps  crushed 
by  a  spade.  You  will  see  that  this  means 
about  6%  nitrogen,  six  of  phosphoric  acid 
and  11  of  potash.  There  are  two  forms  of 
nitrogen.  The  muriate  is  considered  tin1 
best  form  of  potash.  .  The  lai’ge  .per  cent 
of  potash  is  due  to  the  fact  that  this  ele¬ 
ment  is  the  one  usually  lacking  in  the 
lighter  soils,  particularly  in  New  England. 
It  is  also  the  element  most  useful  in  help¬ 
ing  a  plant  to  resist  disease.  As  ‘will  be 
seen  2,050  pounds  of  the  mixture  are  used 
per  acre.  H.  w.  e. 


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01  William  St.,  Dwight,  III. 


1911. 


THE  RURAE  NEW-YORKER 


609 


Ruralisms 


GRASS  FOR  SOD  GROWING. 

Seed  Mixtures  for  Lawn  and  Fibre. 

F.  C.  S.,  Ridgewood,  N.  J. — Will  you  ad¬ 
vise  me  what  kind  of  grass  I  could  sow 
with  Timothy  so  as  to  get  a  good  close* 
heavy  sod?  It  seems  Timothy  alone  makes 
a  very  poor  sod.  I  would  like  to  sow  some 
grass  with  it  that  makes  a  heavy,  close  and 
long-rooted  sod.  I  use  the  sod  in  the  green¬ 
houses,  and  as  my  soil  is  very  light  I  want 
to  get  all  the  fiber  I  can  with  it. 

Ans. — Timothy  is  far  from  being  the 
most  suitable  grass  for  producing  fib¬ 
rous  turf  on  light  soils.  Red-top,  Ken¬ 
tucky  Blue  and  the  Bent  grasses,  such 
as  Rhode  Island  and  Creeping  Bent, 
known  also  as  Fiorin,  are  much  to  be 
preferred  for  the  purpose.  If  Timothy 
is  to  be  used,  a  mixture  of  15  pounds 
Timothy  and  25  pounds  each  Red-top 
and  Kentucky  Blue  to  the  acre,  followed 
by  a  separate  sowing  of  10  pounds  of 
White  clover,  should  give  satisfactory 
results.  A  few  pounds  each  of  Rhode 
Island  Bent  and  Creeping  Bent  grass 
would  likely  prove  useful  additions,  as 
grasses  grow  better  in  mixture  than  in 
pure  stands.  Timothy  is  bunchy  in  habit 
and  should  be  omitted  in  lawn  sowing 
or  where  sod  is  wanted  for  other  pur¬ 
poses  than  greenhouse  compost.  Most 
lawn  mixtures  are  composed  of  the 
grasses  above  named,  with  the  admix¬ 
ture  of  the  stronger  growing  Rye 
grasses  for  immediate  effect  and  of 
Sweet  Vernal  grass  for  its  agreeable 
odor  when  cut.  White  clover  is  always 
useful  as  a  nitrogen  gatherer  and  on 
account  of  the  binding  effect  of  its 
creeping  stems,  though  the  spotty  effect 
of  its  white  blooms  is  sometimes  con¬ 
sidered  objectionable. 

Kentucky  Blue  grass  is  the  most 
permanent  and  satisfactory  of  all  dwarf 
grasses  for  turf  making  where  it  thrives, 
and  usually  ends  by  crowding  out  all 
other  kinds,  but  requires  several  years  to 
become  well  established,  and  is  conse¬ 
quently  seldom  sown  alone  for  the  pur¬ 
pose.  A  mixture  of  equal  parts  by  weight 
of  Red-top  and  Kentucky  Blue  grasses  at 
the  rate  of  five  bushels  to  the  acre  has 
been  found  to  be  about  the  most  suit¬ 
able  seeding  for  general  lawn  and  sod¬ 
making  purposes.  This  may  well  be  fol¬ 
lowed  before  covering  with  White 
clover  at  the  rate  of  10  or  more  pounds  I 
to  the  acre  as  above  advised  if  this  use¬ 
ful  legume  is  not  especially  objected  to. 

Sod  growing  for  commercial  purposes 
has  been  found  profitable  in  many  lo¬ 
calities  where  there  is  sufficient  demand 
for  lawn  making,  door-yard  decoration  I 
and  even  greenhouse  compost.  The 
price  of  good  sods  varies  from  one  to 
2 Yz  cents  the  square  foot  according  to 
locality.  Many  a  plot  of  suburban  and 
village  land  has  in  recent  years  yielded 
more  than  its  real  estate  value  by  the 
sale  of  its  covering  of  marketable  sod, 
which  can  usually  be  replaced  in  two  or 
three  years  time  and  at  a  comparatively 
nominal  cost  for  seed,  fertilizer  and 
labor.  Sod  and  top  soil  are  now  recog¬ 
nized  commodities  where  suburban  de¬ 
velopments  are  extensively  carried  on 
and  may  often  be  seen  in  transport  by 
the  carload.  As  an  acre  of  sod  may  re¬ 
turn  over  $400  at  the  very  moderate 
price  of  one  cent  per  square  foot,  it  can 
be  seen  its  culture  is  not  without  inter¬ 
est.  The  main  requirements  are  deep 
plowing  and  thorough  fining  of  the  soil, 
liberal  applications  of  fertilizer,  either 
in  the  form  of  yard  manure  or  appro¬ 
priate  chemicals,  including  lime,  care¬ 
ful  seeding  with  adaptable  grasses  as 
above  outlined,  close  and  frequent  mow¬ 
ing,  and  occasional  heavy  rolling.  The 
last  is  quite  necessary  to  counteract  the 
loosening  effect  of  frost  and  the  dis¬ 
turbances  caused  by  earthworms  and 
moles.  The  covering  of  small  grass 
seeds  a£ter  sowing  is  best  accomplished 
by  hand  raking  or  the  use  of  weeders 
and  light  harrows.  v. 


Ants  in  Lawn. 

B.  B.  J.,  Flemington,  N.  J. — Will  you  tell 
me  what  to  put  on  my  lawn  to  drive  away 
a  large  colony  of  black  ants?  They  are  at 
work  under  a  young  maple,  so  that  I  do  not 
want  to  use  anything  that  would  kill  the 
tree.  The  grass,  of  course,  could  be  re¬ 
seeded  if  that  was  killed. 

Ans. — The  best  way  to  get  rid  of  the 
ants  is  by  using  bisulphide  of  carbon. 
Notice  where  the  ant-hill  is ;  then  with  a 
stick  punch  several  holes  in  the  ground 
about  10  inches  deep.  Into  each  hole 
pour  one  ounce  of  the  bisulphide,  and 
immediately  press  the  earth  down  tight 
with  the  foot.  The  poisonous  gas  from 
the  bisulphide  spreads  all  through  the 
ant-hill,  and  is  quickly  fatal.  It  is  rare 
that  more  than  one  application  is  needed. 
Remember,  in  using  this  substance,  that 
it  is  extremely  inflammable,  and  it  is 
dangerous  to  bring  it  near  a  light  or 
lighted  cigar. 


Mice  Gnawed  Trees. 

When  we  went  out  this  Spring  to  prune 
our  young  apple  trees  we  found  that  the 
field  mice  had  girdled  four  trees  entirely, 
four  almost  entirely,  and  had  gnawed  some¬ 
what  on  nine  others.  I  happened  to  have 
L.  H.  Bailey's  book  on  pruning,  and  as 
there  are  others  to  whom  this  book  is  not 
accessible,  and  who.  like  myself,  may  find 
their  trees  injured,  I  will  copy  the  remedy 
for  It : 

“Trim  away  the  rough  edges  of  the  bark, 
apply  an  antiseptic  (a  wash  of  Bordeaux 
mixture  is  recommended).  Then  cover  the 
entire  surface  with  melted  wax  and  bind  it 
up  with  cloth  bandages."  Foot  note  to 
above  :  “The  following  recipe  for  tree  wax 
is  excellent :  Into  a  kettle  place  one  part 
by  weight  of  tallow,  two  of  beeswax  and 
four  of  rosin.  When  completely  melted 
pour  Into  a  tub  or  pail  of  cold  water  and 
work  with  the  hands,  which  should  be 
greased,  until  it  develops  a  grain  and  be¬ 
comes  the  color  of  taffy  candy. 

“Fruit  trees  may  be  saved  in  this  way, 
even  if  the  girdle  completely  encircles  the 
tree  and  if  they  are  as  much  as  a  foot 
long,  if  the  treatment  is  applied  before  the 
wood  becomes  hard  and  dry.  If  the  tree  is 
particularly  choice,  or  if  the  girdle  is  un¬ 
usually  serious,  or  of  long  standing,  espe¬ 
cially  if  the  wounds  extend  into  the  wood. 
It  may  be  advisable  to  supply  a  connection 
between  the’  separated  parts  and  the  trunk. 
The  edges  of  the  girdle  are  trimmed  and 
scions  are  inserted  under  the  bark,  so  as  to 
bridge  the  wound.  These  scions  are  cut  to 
a  wedge  shape  on  either  end,  as  for  or¬ 
dinary  cleft  grafting,  and  are  inserted  be¬ 
tween  the  bark  and  the  wood.  A  cloth 
bandage  is  tied  around  each  edge  of  the 
wound  to  hold  the  bark  in  place  over  the 
scions,  and  melted  wax  is  then  poured  over 
the  entire  work,  covering  the  exposed  wood 
and  also  the  edges  of  the  bark,  for  a  couple 
of  inches  or  more  back  from  the  wound.  It 
will  do  no  harm  if  the  scions  are  burled  in 
the  wax.  Care  should  be  taken  that  the 
scions  do  not  send  out  shoots  from  their 
buds.”  E.  E.  D. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


FEED  YOUNG  GIRLS. 

Must  Have  Right  Food  While  Growing. 

Great  care  should  be  taken  at  the 
critical  period  when  the  young  girl  is 
just  merging  into  womanhood  that  the 
diet  shall  contain  that  which  is  upbuild¬ 
ing  and  nothing  harmful. 

At  that  age  the  structure  is  being 
formed  and  if  formed  of  a  healthy, 
sturdy  character,  health  and  happiness 
will  follow ;  on  the  other  hand  unhealthy 
cells  may  be  built  in  and  a  sick  con¬ 
dition  slowly  supervene  which,  if  not 
checked,  may  ripen  into  a  chronic  condi¬ 
tion  and  cause  life-long  suffering. 

A  young  lady  says : 

“Coffee  began  to  have  such  an  effect 
on  my  stomach  a  few  years  ago  that  I 
finally  quit  using  it.  It  brought  on  head¬ 
aches,  pains  in  my  muscles,  and 
nervousness. 

“I  tried  to  use  tea  in  its  stead,  but 
found  its  effects  even  worse  than  those 
T  suffered  from  coffee.  Then  for  a  long 
time  I  drank  milk  at  my  meals,  but  at 
last  it  palled  on  me.  A  friend  came  to 
the  rescue  with  the  suggestion  that  I  try 
Postum. 

“I  did  so,  only  to  find  at  first  that  I 
didn’t  fancy  it.  But  I  had  heard  of  so 
many  persons  who  had  been  benefited 
by  its  use  that  I  persevered,  and  when  I 
had  it  made  right — according  to  direc¬ 
tions  on  the  package — I  found  it  grate¬ 
ful  in  flavour  and  soothing  and  strength¬ 
ening  to  my  stomach.  I  can  find  no 
words  to  express  my  feeling  of  what  1 
owe  to  Postum ! 

“In  every  respect  it  has  worked  a 
wonderful  improvement— the  headaches, 
nervousness,  the  pains  in  my  side  and 
back,  all  the  distressing  symptoms  yielded 
to  the  magic  power  of  Postum.  My  brain 
seems  also  to  share  in  the  betterment  ol 
my  physical  condition ;  it  seems  keener, 
more  alert  and  brighter.  I  am,  in  short, 
in  better  health  now  than  for  a  long 
while  before,  and  T  am  sure  I  owe  it  to 
the  use  of  your  Postum.”  Name  given 
by  Postum  Company,  Battle  Creek.  Mich. 

“There’s  a  reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


This  Little  Insect 
Causes  all  your 
Wormy  Apples 

IN  case  you  do  not  spray,  20  to  40  percent,  of  your  yield 
is  likely  to  be  lost  on  account  of  the  codling  moth. 
Swift  s  Arsenate  of  Lead  will  save  you  po  per  cent 
of  what  you  would  otherwise  lose.  In  hundreds  of  orchards 
sprayed  last  year  with  Swift’s  there  was  hardly  a  wormy  apple. 

One  spraying  with  this  wonderful 
insecticide  outlasts  two  to  four  with 
old-fashioned  materials,  because  it 
sticks  through  even  heavy  rains. 

It  is  fatal  to  leaf-eating  worms 
and  insects.  Easy  to  apply. 

Write  for  our  new  book.  It  covers 
apple  culture  from  planting  the 
trees  to  gathering  the  fruit.  Clear, 
plain,  simple  and  reliable.  It  is  free. 

Give  your  dealer’s  name. 

nierrimac  CHEMICAL  CO. 

31  Broad  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 


SPRAYERS 


Test 
These 
Sprayers 
With  Your 
Money  in 
Your  Own 
Pocket. 

f  v™°7ERk  potato  and  orchard 

>■  ER  J0T  bl8  growers.  Most  powerful 
JS.a,lfI«e»,niade’  an(*  10<>  gallon  tank  for  one 
xT0„rsp,8'  lump  has  all  brass  working 
rmwp’n  adjustable  to  rows  as  machine 

Cyo,lo,ne  agitation,  automatic 
f^jaf^alve.  Powerful  pressure  produces  vapor 
spray  that  prevents  blight  and  kills  bugs.  V 

Trial  Costs  You  Nothing 

made.  High  pressure,  perfect  agitation, 
brass  ball  valves, plunger,  strainer,  etc.  Works 
automatically  as  you  push  it  along.  Saves  labor 
and  time  and  will  pay  for  itself  first  season  even 
on  one  acre. 

We  Guarantee  All  Our 
Sprayers  For  5  Years 

and  ship  them  on  FREE  TRIAL  without  a  cent  in 
advance.  Write  us  acard  or  letter  today  and  sav 
which  sprayer  you  are  interested  In  and  we’ll 
send  you  FREE  our 
catalog  and  spraying 
guide  and  special  free 
ofter  for  first  in  your 
locality  this  season.  Be 
first  to  write  and  save 
money.-  Wo  pay  freight. 
The  H.  L.  Hurst  Meg.  Co. 
2815  NORTH  ST.,  CANTON, OHIO 


Don’t  Put  Off  Painting — 

It  Will  Prove  Costly 

The  longer  you  put  off  painting 
the  more  oil  and  lead  the  job 
will  take. 

While  yon  wait  your  buildings 
rot,  exposed  to  the  weather. 

The  cost  of  paint  made  of 

^  ^  ^'i  “  Dutch  Boy  Painter” 

white  lead  and  pure  linseed  oil  is  not 
so  high  as  you  may  think. 

For  an  average  house,  the  cost  now 
of  tiiis  genuine  old-fashioned,  mixed- 
to-order  pure  white  lead  paint  is  not 
more  than  $4  or  $5  greater  than  it 
used  to  be.  Much  cheaper  than 
repair  bills. 

Write  for  our  free 
"Painting  Helps  No.  1808” 

NATIONAL  LEAD 
COMPANY 


NewYork  Cleveland  Chicago 
St.  Louis  Boston  Buffalo 
Cincinnati  San  Francisco 
^  (John  T.  Lewis  A  Bros.  Co.. 
-  Philadelphia) 

(National  Lead  and  Oil  Co.. 
Pittsburgh) 


Q  PR  A  Y  Adopted  by  the  N.Y  .State  FruitGrowers’Aa.’n 

OrnAI  IT  WILL  BAY  YOU  TO  USE  EITHER. 


u 


PASTE  OR  POWDERED 
FOR  ALL  LEAF  EATING  INSECTS 
RESPONSIBLE  DISTRIBUTERS  ahoAGENTS  WANTED 

KEY  BRAND 

RIGHT  PRICE  and  MATERIAL 

^FUNGICIDE  and  INSECTICIDE 

USE 


INTERSTATE  CHEMICAL  CO. 

14  BAYVIEW  AVE..JERS  EV  CITY.  N  J 
WRITE  FOR  PRICE5.CIRCULARS  ETC.  CORRESPONDENCE  SOLICITED! 


$192* 

and  up 

BREEZE 

Motor-  Vehicle 


Special  Agency  Offer 

To  establish  fifty  new  agencies  we 
are  making  a  special  summer  offer. 
Write  today  for  full  particulars — a 
chance  to  enjoy  life  and  make  money. 

The  Breeze  is  a  reliable 
automobile  for $192. 50  and  up; 
runs  anywhere  you'd  send 
a  horse  and  buggy  ;  1  ow  up¬ 
keep;  simple,  speedy,  safe. 

The  Jewel  Carriage  Co. 

Dept.  I.  Cincinnati,  O. 


SPRAY 


FRUITS  AND 
FIELD  CROPS 

l  and  do  whitewashing  in  most  effectual,  economical, 
rapid  way.  Batigfaction  guaranteed.  BROWN’S 

POWERR  Auto-Sprays 

I  ie  fin*d  wl,h  -8 u to- 1* op  Nozzle- 

r  0rdin\'T  »pr»jer».  Endorsed  u.  Ex- 

I  ponment  St.tionB  »nd  300,000  others,  do  etyles  and 

)  fj-f*  °*  h“d  »n<1,  Bpnjers — also  price. 

1  wV,!1U''bl*  aPrMing  K tilde  in  our  Free  Book. 

Wrlto  postal  now. 

THE  E.  C.  BROWN  COMPANY 

2 8 Jay  at,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


Steel  Wheelsn 

That’s  So!  Hired  hands  are 
getting  scarcer  every  day: 
but  LOW  DOWN  STEEL 
WHEELS  will  help  to  take 
their  place.  Then,  too,  the 
sun  don't  affect  a  steel  wheel 
[tlike  it  does  the  best  of  hired 
[help.  More  bi’ain  and  less 
muscle  nowadays.  Cata¬ 
logue  free  to  you. 

HAVANA  METAL  WHEEL  CO. 

Box  17,  Havana,  111. 


BEES 


1IOW  TO  MAKE  THEM  PAY. 

The  pleasures,  the  work  and  the 
.  .  profits  of  bee  keeping  are  fully  covered 

j  in  “Gleanings  in  flee  Culture."  Six  months'  trial  sub¬ 
scription,  2o  cents.  Write  tor  book  on  Bees  and  free 
catalog— both  free. 

THE  A.  I  ROOT  COMPANY,  Box  G5,  MEDINA.  OHIO. 


INOCULATED  ALFALFA  SOIL 


75  cents  per  hundred.  $10.00  per  ton.  F.  O.  B.  As 
ville,  Pa.  Send  for  FREE  booklet  “  How  to  Grc 
Alfalfa.”  Dr.  H.  SOMERVILLE,  Chest  Sprint 
Cambria  County,  Pa. 


HARVEY  BOLSTER  SPRINOS 

Soon  save  their  cost.  Make  every  wagon  a.prinfi 
wagon,  therefore  fruit,  vegetables,  eggs,  etc.,f 
■bring  more  money.  Aslc  for  special  proposition.  I 

UuntJ  Spring  Co.,  Uy-lJthSt.,  Haifa.,  WU.| 


GUARANTEED 


vY' V- 


bZrm 

(><  ‘ 


Dreer’s  Garden  Supplies 

A  full  line  of  Garden  Tools,  Spraying  Implements  and 
Materials,  Lawn  Mowers,  Rollers,  Rakes,  etc.,  also 
Fertilizers  for  lawn  and  garden.  Write  for  catalogue. 

Henry  A.  Dreer,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


eio 


May  20, 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

TOE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes 

Established  tsco 

Published  wcskly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 

Herbert  W.  Coltjngwood,  President  and  Editor. 

John  J.  Dilloit,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Ditxon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Koyi.e,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union.  $2.04,  equal  to  Ss.  6d.,  or 
marks,  or  10J^  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 


Advertising  rates  00  cents  per  agate  line — 7  words,  discount  for  time  ordei-s. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  us  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 


“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

Wc  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a  respon¬ 
sible.  person.  Hut  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  trifling  dilfercnces 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  mentioned  The  Rubai.  New-Yorker 
■when  writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

When  President  Taft  fails  of  any  other  argument 
for  reciprocity  he  advances  this  one : 

“Try  it  anyway.  If  it  turns  out  badly  Congress  can 
repeal  it.”  ' 

If  that  is  an  argument  what  objection  can  there  be 
to  applying  it  to  parcels  post?  Why  not  try  that, 
President  Taft?  If  it  does  not  pay,  or  is  unpopular, 
Congress  might  try  to  take  it  away  from  us ! 

* 

I  wish  information  in  regard  to  teachers,  where  con¬ 
sumption  has  gone  through  the  family ;  where  the  mother 
died  with  it  and  four  or  five  children  died  with  it ;  one 
died  last  Spring.  Is  it  lawful  in  New  York  State  for 
such  a  person  to  teach  school?  E.  s. 

There  have  been  several  questions  like  the  above. 
There  is  no  law  in  New  York  which  restricts  the 
employment  of  such  teachers.  Such  employment 
comes  within  the  discretion  of  the  school  authorities. 
If  the  school  board  found  that  the  teacher  was  con¬ 
sumptive  it  would  be  justified  in  refusing  to  hire  him, 
and  he  should  not  teach.  There  is  no  reason  how¬ 
ever,  why  a  person  should  not  be  permitted  to  teach 
simply  because  his  relatives  died  of  tuberculosis. 

* 

We  come  back  once  more  to  Senator  Page  of  Ver¬ 
mont.  His  scheme  for  learning  public  sentiment 
ought  to  be  engraved.  You  remember  that  the  local 
newspapers  favored  reciprocity  because  they  were  told 
to  do  so — and  thought  it  would  give  them  cheaper 
paper.  Senator  Page  asked  to  he  told,  and  he  found 
that  the  people  he  represented  were  opposed.  The 
newspapers  did  not  represent  them.  Now  the  point 
is  that  whenever  the  people  of  a  State  see  fit  to 
take  interest  enough  to  make  their  representatives 
understand  the  thing  they  want  will  be  done.  The 
newspapers  and  the  “interests”  cannot  drop  them 
when  they  once  mean  business.  We  shall  call  this 
experience  the  “Senator  Page  act,”  for  it  writes  a 
new  page  in  our  history  as  a  free  people.  Play  the 
“Senator  Page  act”  for  parcels  post. 


“Mr.  Hill — I  am  a  good  deal  interested  in  the  question 
of  revenue,  and  I  want  to  know  whether  it  is  going  to 
take  these  things  in.  1  ask  the  gentleman  the  question  in 
good  faith,  to  get  the  gentleman’s  understanding  of  it. 

“Mr.  Sims— To  give  the  gentleman  an  honest  answer, 
I  will  say  that  I  have  not  studied  the  bill. 

“Mr.  Hill — But  the  gentleman  is  going  to  vote  for  it. 

“Mr.  Sims — Yes. 

“Mr.  Hill — The  gentleman  is  going  to  vote  for  it  any¬ 
way  ? 

“Mr.  Sims — Yes. 

“Mr.  Hill — Whether  it  has  any  effect  on  the  revenue  or 
not? 

“Mr.  Sims — Yes. 

“Mr.  Hill — I  would  like  to  ask  the  gentleman  whether 
this  bill  is  a  bill  for  a  tariff  for  revenue  or  a  tariff  for 
protection  or  a  tariff  for  free  trade? 

“Mr.  Sims— The  present  bill?  Why,  on  its  face  it’s  a 
free  trade  bill,  as  far  as  it  goes.” 

The  above  illuminating  dialogue  is  taken  from  the 
Congressional  report.  The  so-called  “farmer’s  free 
list  bill”  was  up  for  discussion.  Congressman  Sims 
spoke  in  favor  of  it,  but  admitted  that  he  had  not 
studied  it,  did  not  know  how  it  would  affect  the 
nation’s  revenue — in  fact  did  not  know  much  of  any¬ 
thing  about  it  except  that  his  party  favored  it  and  he 
thought  it  was  in  the  direction  of  free  trade.  It 
was  a  “farmer’s”  bill,  mind  you,  but  probably  two- 
thirds  of  the  members  in  Congress  had  never  studied 
it  and  did  not  know  or  care  what  real  effect  it  would 
have  upon  the  business  of  farming.  One  party 
favored  it— the  other  opposed  it.  That  was  enough 
for  the  average  member.  “Farmer”  is  a  good  name 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

to  play  politics  with,  but  what  chance  does  the  man 
on  the  farm  have  when  Congress  “settles”  great 
public  questions  in  this  way?  There  will  never  be 
anything  better  until  the  farmer  makes  his  influence 
felt  by  compelling  Congress  to  separate  farm  interests 
from  party  politics.  There  is  no  way  to  do  this 
except  by  forming  a  political  group  like  the  Ger¬ 
man  agrarians.  We  do  not  intend  to  say  that  our 
farmers  should  stand  for  the  same  policy  which  these 
Germans  have  supported.  Some  of  the  German 
agricultural  demands  are  not  suited  to  this  country 
but  the  general  principle  of  banding  together  ,to 
secure  farm  legislation  is  one  which  our  farmers  must 
sooner  or  later  adopt. 

* 

Over  500  of  our  farmer  readers  have  expressed 
their  opinion  regarding  the  Canadian  reciprocity  bill. 
Of  this  number  about  20  favor  the  bill  j.ust  as  it 
stands  without  objection.  Their  argument  is  that  it 
is  a  step  toward  lower  tariff  rates.  About  98  per 
cent  of  those  who  have  expressed  an  opinion  oppose 
the  bill.  About  10  per  cent  of  these  will  oppose  any 
hill  which  interferes  with  the  present  tariff.  Some 
of  them  want  tariff  duties  higher  than  they  are  now. 
The  remainder — about  85  per  cent  of  all — argue  that 
the  proposed  bill  is  unjust  to  farmers,  that  it  robs 
them  of  the  small  share  of  protection  which  our  tariff 
affords,  that  it  will  depress  agriculture  in  the  border 
States  and  that  it  begins  a  plan  to  develop  this  coun¬ 
try  as  a  manufacturing  nation  at  the  expense  of  agri¬ 
culture.  The  great  majority  of  those  who  write  us 
state  that  the  present  tariff  is  too  high.  They  would 
be  willing  to  give  up  a  fair  share  of  their  so-called 
protection  if  other  interests  were  made  to  share  pro¬ 
portionately  in  the  reduction.  We  believe  that  this 
view  expresses  the  conviction  of  a  great  majority  of 
our  intelligent  and  thinking  farmers.  *  It  must  be 
said  that  they  have  lost  confidence  in  the  desire  or 
the  ability  of  either  of  the  old  parties  to  give  agri¬ 
culture  a  fair  deal  on  the  tariff  or  other  great  public 
questions. 

The  contest  over  reciprocity  in  the  Senate  has  now 
assumed  a  character  which  will  put  many  of  the  farm¬ 
ers  who  have  written  us  in  a  false  position.  When 
the  bill  was  first  introduced  the  “protected  interests” 
were  disposed  to  let  it  go  without  much  argument  or 
protest  “Reciprocity”  might  provide  cheaper  food 
for  town  workmen.  That  might  stop  the  “high  cost 
of  living”  cry  so  that  these  workmen  would  vote  for 
high  tariff  on  manufactures  while  retaining  free  trade 
in  food.  It  was  a  great  scheme — this  holding  up  the 
price  of  manufactured  goods  and  at  the  same  time 
inviting  free  world’s  competition  in  farm  products. 
To  the  surprise  of  everyone  the  farmers  made  a  stub¬ 
born  and  powerful  fight  for  what  they  considered 
common  rights.  This  seems  to  have  given  the  high 
protectionists  a  new  light.  They  are  evidently  back 
of  the  pressure  now  being  brought  to  bear  upon  the 
Senate.  “The  farmer”  may  be  put  at  the  front,  but 
behind  him  will  be  found,  pulling  the  wires  as  of  old, 
the  “interests”  which  have  for  years  fattened  on  their 
special  tariffs  by  giving  the  farmer  five  cents  of  benefit 
while  they  took  their  dollar.  For  the ’past  40  years 
the  Northern  farmers  have  fought  the  fight  of  high 
tariff  and  kept  it  alive,  with  little  business  benefit  and 
great  political  injury.  It  will  be  a  shame  if  they 
are  now  to  be  used  like  a  stalking  horse  to  benefit 
the  “interests”  which  do  not  dare  to  come  out  in  the 
open  and  argue  for  a  special  privilege.  We  can  see 
how  many  a  farmer  can  put  up  a  strong  and  con¬ 
scientious  argument  against  reciprocity,  but  they 
should  not  permit  themselves  to  be  misrepresented  by 
other  “interests.” 

* 

Montclair,  New  Jersey,  probably  takes  the  lead  in 
local  legislation  to  get  rid  of  mosquitoes.  Any  citi¬ 
zen  of  that  town  permitting  a  pond  or  puddle  of  water 
to  contain  “wigglers”  or  young  mosquitoes  will  he 
fined  $10  per  day  1  There  must  be  evidence  that  the 
“wigglers”  are  found  in  this  pond,  and  that  the  man  is 
responsible  for  it.  As  we  have  often  pointed  out,  the 
mosquito  breeds  only  in  stagnant  water,  and  if  pains 
are  taken  to  prevent  such  water  from  standing  the 
curse  will  be  removed.  One  of  the  best  things  you 
can  do  is  tec  interest  the  children.  Get  them  to  recog¬ 
nize  the  “wigglers”  in  stagnant  water  and  have  them 
make  it  a  business  to  empty  all  cans  or  bottles  or  any¬ 
thing  that  will  hold  water.  The  mosquitoes  will  live 
in  the  most  unexpected  places  if  they  can  find  water — 
vases  in  cemeteries,  tin  cans,  old  bottles,  water  pipes, 
or  the  cup  of  a  grindstone.  Let  us  all  remember  that 
mosquitoes  breed  in  stagnant  water,  while  house  flies 
breed  in  horse  manure.  If  you  think  we  talk  too  much 
about  mosquitoes,  remember  that  the  scientific  men 
now  claim  positively  that  the  worst  forms  of  malarial 
diseases  get  into  the  human  system  through  the  bites 
of  mosquitoes  1 


The  last  Legislature  of  New  Jersey  passed  a  law 
compelling  drivers  of  wagons  to  carry  a  light  at  night. 
The  sense  of  it  follows : 

Every  vehicle  drawn  by  horse,  horses  or  other  beasts 
shall  carry  during  the  period  from  30  minutes  after  sunset 
and  30  minutes  before  sunrise,  and  whenever  fog  renders 
it  impossible  to  see  a  long  distance,  at  least  one  lighted 
lamp,  which  said  light  shall  be  of  such  nature  and  so.  dis¬ 
played  that  it  may  be  seen  both  from  a  point  at  least  200 
feet  distant  in  the  direction  towards  which  the  vehicle  is 
proceeding  and  from  a  point  at  least  250  feet  in  the  direc¬ 
tion  from  which  the  vehicle  is  proceeding.  The  penalty 
is  from  $2.50  to  $5. 

We  do  not  know  whether  this  would  apply  to  a 
hand  cart  or  wheelbarrow,  both  of  which  have  caused 
serious  accidents  in  the  night.  The  law  is  a  good  one 
and  should  he  enforced.  Last  Fall  a  man  was  killed 
in  our  neighborhood  by  a  carriage  which  did  not  show 
a  light. 

* 

The  Commercial  Club  of  Norfolk,  Neb.,  is  work¬ 
ing  on  the  right  theory.  Norfolk;  is  in  a  farming  sec¬ 
tion.  The  wealth  and  business  of  the  town  must  come 
directly  out  of  the  soil.  Anything  that  helps  the 
farmers  must  help  the  town.  Make  that  section  recog¬ 
nized  as  headquarters  for  superior  live  stock  or  farm 
products  and  new  business  will  come  to  the  town.  So 
the  Commercial  Club  is  importing  the  finest  Belgian 
horses  it  can  find  and  selling  them  to  fanners  at  cost. 
The  result  will  be  that  in  a  few  years  Madison  County 
will  be  noted  for  high  class  draft  horses.  Buyers  will 
come,  Norfolk  will  become  a  horse  market,  and  the 
farmers  will  get  more  of  the  consumer’s  dollar.  This 
Commercial  Club  can  import  horses  cheaper  than  an 
individual  farmer  could,  and  is  surer  of  getting  su¬ 
perior  stock.  Here  is  a  form  of  cooperation  which 
is  sure  to  pay.  Many  a  country  town  could  well 
imitate  this  work  and  use  its  influence  to  help  the 
farmers  who  support  it. 

* 

You  may  think  the  Hope  Farm  man  is  paying  a  lot 
of  attention  to  asparagus  culture.  There  is  more  to 
this  than  you  think.  The  production  of  asparagus  is 
bound  to  become  a  great  industry,  for  there  are  un¬ 
limited  possibilities  in  the  change  of  a  luxury  into  a 
necessity.  It  means  an  increase  in  the  demand  by  one 
hundred  fold,  and  that  is  what  is  coming  to  asparagus. 
Better  even  than  this  is  the  work  of  that  Asparagus 
Association.  We  do  not  know  of  any  more  striking 
results  ever  obtained  by  an  organization  of  farmers. 
These  men  singled  down  their  needs  to  one  thing — 
a  commercial  variety  of  asparagus  that  would  resist 
rust.  They  did  not  attempt  anything  else,  but  put 
their  money  and  their  time  into  that  one  tiling. 
Within  a  few  years  several  varieties  far  more  im¬ 
mune  than  any  now  on  the  market  will  be  on  sale 
by  the  trade.  We  can  all  get  a  good  lesson  out  of 
this.  Let  us  pick  out  one  strong  thing  and  put  all 
our  energies  back  of  it.  That  is  one  reason  why  The 
R.  N.-Y.  has  hammered  away  for  parcels  post  for 
years.  It  is  the  great  issue  before  the  people  to-day, 
both  for  what  it  means  directly  and  the  indirect  re¬ 
sults  as  well.  As  the  case  now  stands,  parcels  post  is 
of  greater  importance  to  our  farmers  than  Canadian 
reciprocity. 


BREVITIES. 

Mr.  Prescott  of  Concord  ought  to  know  how  to  grow 
etsparagus.  He  says  any  soil  that  will  grow  corn  will  an¬ 
swer. 

A  “pure  olive  oil”  from  Italy  recently  examined  by  the 
Agricultural  Department  was  found  to  be  almost  entirely 
cottonseed  oil. 

Danger  to  stock  from  poison  sprays  conies  when  thick 
drainings  or  too  much  liquid  is  poured  in  a  puddle. 
Ordinary  spraying  is  not  dangerous. 

There  are  still  some  people  who  think  Bordeaux  mix¬ 
tures  will  kill  the  scale.  Get  over  the  idea.  Bordeaux  is 
intended  to  destroy  or  prevent  plant  diseases — not  insects. 

In  some  sections  land  “blows  away.”  High  winds  drive 
the  lighter  soils  off  in  dust  and  expose  the  grain  roots. 
Straw  or  light  manure  will  help.  In  some  cases  farmers 
actually  plow  light  furrows  at  intervals  of  five  rods  or 
so.  This  is  reported  from  North  Dakota. 

West  China  is  developing  as  a  wheat  growing  section. 
One  great  thing  is  the  fact  that  in  one  pro-vinee  1,000,000 
acres  once  given  to  growing  poppies  for  opinm  is  now  in 
wheat.  Thousands  of  Chinese  coolies  carry  loads  of  200 
pounds  for  500  miles  or  more  with  no  food  except  wheat, 
beans  and  peas. 

The  Immigration  Department  of  the  Canadian  Pacific 
Railway  states  that  since  the  opening  of  the  immigrant 
season  this  Spring  $6,000,000  in  settlers’  belongings  have 
entered  Canada  over  their  line.  This  does  not  include 
Manitoba  and  North  Portal,  where  3,548  settlers  with  512 
cars  of  effects,  valued  at  $750,000,  are  recorded. 

A  pew  years  ago  we  told  of  a  New  York  farmer  who 
gets  two  crops  a  year  from  a  low  drained  meadow-  The 
Summer  crop  is  corn.  After  this  is.  taken  off  the  meadow 
is  flooded  and  a  big  Winter  crop  of  ice  is  harvested.  The 
Germans  beat  this  in  carp  growing.  The  carp  ponds  are 
emptied  every  year  or  so  and  grain  crops  grow  on  the 
pond  bottom.  Then  the  water  is  let  back  and  carp  fat¬ 
tened  once  more. 


1911. 


THR  RURAE  NEW-YORKER 


eii 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 
Talking  Back  to  Senator  Jeff  Davis. 

To  Senator  Jeff  Davis: 

In  the  Congressional  Record  of  April 
10  you  are  reported  as  appearing  on  the 
Senate  floor  as  the  champion  of  E.  G. 
Lewis,  and  as  a  defender  of  his  publi¬ 
cations.  You  express  your  admiration 
of  him  as  a  business  man,  and  your  ap¬ 
proval  of  his  papers  as  a  service  to 
womanhood.  We  discard  the  suggestion 
that  this  was  merely  a  bid  for  cheap 
notoriety  on  your  part.  We  are  not 
prepared  to  believe  that  you  spoke  with 
a  knowledge  of  the  facts.  We  are  in¬ 
clined  to  believe  that  you  hastily  ac¬ 
cepted  the  protests  of  Mr.  Lewis  and 
his  friends  as  made  in  good  faith,  and 
that  relying  on  this  exclusive  informa¬ 
tion  you  believed  that  Mr.  Lewis  was 
conducting  an  honest  publishing  busi¬ 
ness,  and  that  he  was  the  publisher  of 
legitimate  and  worthy  publications.  It 
would  have  been  wiser  to  have  informed 
yourself  more  fully  before  delivering 
yourself  of  such  an  unsparing  endorse¬ 
ment  of  the  Lewis  schemes ;  but  we 
have  no  disposition  to  criticize  an  honest 
error. 

We,  however,  take  the  liberty  to  give 
you  some  voluntary  information.  Here 
it  is :  For  the  last  10  years  Mr.  Lewis 
has  been  working  confidence  sphemes 
on  country  people.  The  principal  func¬ 
tion  of  his  papers  has  been  to  sell 
“gold  bricks”  to  his  readers.  It  is 
estimated  that  he  got  from  these  people 
in  all  about  $10,000,000.  Much  of  it  he 
promised  to  return  at  definite  fixed 
times  with  great  profits.  He  has  re¬ 
fused  to  return  it  at  all.  The  profits 
they  never  got.  He  got  the  money  from 
children,  from  widows,  from  orphans, 
from  w’orking  girls,  from  washerwomen, 
from  cripples,  from  the  aged  and  infirm, 
from  old  soldiers  and  superannuated 
ministers  of  the  Gospel,  and  from  peo¬ 
ple  whom  he  induced  to  mortgage  their 
homes  and  their  farms  to  share  the 
wonderful  profits  he  promised  them. 
Some  of  these  deluded  victims  have 
since  died,  piteously  appealing  to  Mr. 
Lewis  to  return  the  money  to  provide 
the  necessities  for  their  last  hours. 
Others  are  appealing  to  him  yet  in  a 
blind  faith  .  in  humanity,  that  no  one 
could  be  so  dishonest  and  cruel  as  to 
keep  it.  Some  of  them  are  completely 
dependent.  He  is  as  indifferent  to  the 
appeals  of  widows  on  behalf  of  sick 
and  fatherless  children  as  he  is  to  the 
dying  appeals  of  husband  and  father 
in  behalf  of  those  dependent  on  him. 

Don’t  be  misled  by  his  lying  pretense 
that  this  all  happened  because  the  Gov¬ 
ernment  interfered  with  his  bank  and 
his  publications.  Most  of  these  com¬ 
plaints  come  from  people  who  sent  him 
the  money  on  new  schemes  since  the 
Government  interfered.  The  Depart¬ 
ment  could  not  fully  rescue  his  early 
dupes,  but  it  did  give  them  an  oppor¬ 
tunity  to  recover  part  of  their  loss,  and 
furnish  an  intimation  for  the  protection 
of  others.  You  interfere  with  the  busi¬ 
ness  of  the  safe-breaker  and  the  pick¬ 
pocket  when  you  apply  the  law  to  their 
trade.  The  Government  simply  applied 
the  law  established  for  the  protection  of 
its  subjects  to  the  Lewis  enterprises. 

The  details  of  his  schemes  to  get 
money  from  country  people  would  take 
volumes  to  relate.  The  schemes  were 
laid,  with  a  forethought  and  cunning 
worthy  of  a  better  cause.  The  amount 
each  dupe  could  contribute  was  limited. 
It  would  not  do  to  take  enough  from 
anyone  so  that  he  could  afford  to  ap¬ 
peal  to  United  States  courts.  The  vic¬ 
tims  must  be  widely  distributed.  It 
would  not  do  to  get  too  many  dissatis¬ 
fied  victims  together.  Numerous  com¬ 
panies  must  be  formed.  If  you  became 
dissatisfied  with  one  paper  certificate, 
you  could  have  another — an  old  fake 
trick.  He  added  $5,300,000  to  a  com¬ 
pany  already  grossly  over-capitalized, 
and  by  hysterical  appeals  and  gross  mis¬ 
representations  induced  his  dupes  to 
buy  over  a  million  of  it.  After  three 
years  without  profit,  he  declared  a  divi¬ 
dend  of  18  per  cent,  which  had  not  been 
earned,  promising  to  pay  it  in  install¬ 
ments,  and  actually  paid  V/2  per  cent. 
Then  he  offered  the  stock  at  par,  and 
sold  more  of  it.  The  balance  of  the 
dividend  never  was  paid,  but  we  can  tell 
you  where  stock  was  bought  and  paid 
for  on  the  strength  of  that  promised 
dividend.  Perhaps  you  think  it  was  not 
declared  for  that  purpose.  When  sell¬ 
ing  this  stock  he  promised  that  a  pool 
of  rich  men  had  been  formed  to  redeem 
the  stock  when  the  purchaser  met  a 
necessity  for  selling.  Do  you  think  the 
lie  helped  sell  stock?  He  capitalized  a 
few  stopper  patents  for  another  million ; 
and  we  can  direct  you  to  boys  whom  he 
induced  to  buy  it  at  double  its  face 
value.  Neither  of  these  stocks  was  ever 


worth  the  paper  the  handsome  certifi¬ 
cates  were  written  on.  They  are  not 
worth  so  much  now.  He  advertised 
notes  secured  by  a  first  mortgage  on 
real  estate,  and  when  he  got  the  re¬ 
mittance  he  sent  an  unsecured  note,  of 
doubtful  value.  He  made  promises  to 
induce  people  to  send  him  money  on 
"Readers’  Pool”  certificates;  and  broke 
the  promises.  He  repeated  the  promises 
and  again  broke  faith  on  building  cer¬ 
tificates.  He  induced  many  women  to' 
send  him  money  for  subscription  pur¬ 
poses,  under  the  promise  that  he  would 
make  them  members  of  a  League  with 
millions  of  dollars  of  endowments.  He 
now  admits  that  instead  of  the  millions 
of  cash  in  hand,  the  so-called  League 
is  several  hundred  thousand  dollars  in 
debt.  He  promised  that  all  these  stocks 
and  notes  and  certificates  would  be  ex¬ 
changed  for  bank  stock.  It  was  a  lie. 
When  notes  became  due,  he  wrote  the 
holders  to  send  them  in  for  cash  pay¬ 
ments,  if  cash  was  wanted.  It  was  an¬ 
other  lie.  Lie  got  the  notes  out  of  their 
hands,  but  did  not  return  the  cash.  Read 
his  papers  for  three  years  and  see  how 
he  lied  about  membership  in  the  League. 
Last  August  he  got  to  his  limit  for  cash, 
on  the  old  schemes,  and  promised  to 
turn  over  everything  he  had  in  the 
world  to  some  sort  of  a  straw-man  who 
was  to  issue  debentures  to  pay  all  his 
debts.  Read  his  paper  for  six  months 
following  and  see  how  he  lied  about  this 
scheme.  That  failing,  he  now  has  a 
new  scheme  to  get  all  of  the  evidence 
of  indebtedness  and  criminality  out  of 
the  hands  of  his  deluded  dupes.  It  is 
the  judgment  of  every  disinterested 
business  man  and  lawyer  familiar  with 
his  affairs  whom  we  have  consulted 
that  he  has  been  insolvent  for  years, 
that  he  has  no  paying  business,  and  that 
he  has  kept  up  an  appearance  with  the 
money  borrowed  from  country  people 
on  these  schemes. 

This,  Senator  Davis,  is  part  of  the 
record  of  the  man  you  have  championed 
in  the  United  States  Senate.  Are  you 
proud  of  your  hero? 

Bankruptcy. 

We  have  the  following  dispatch  from 
St.  Louis : — 

Claud  D.  Hall,  local  attorney  represent¬ 
ing  creditors  from  all  parts  of  the  country, 
has  filed  involuntary  bankruptcy  proceed¬ 
ings  in  the  United  States  District  Court 
against  Lewis  Publishing  Company,  and 
also  a  suit  to  foreclose  mortgage  against 
the  University  Heights  Realty  &  Develop¬ 
ment  Company  and  People’s  Savings  Trust 
Company,  trustee  in  mortgage  dated  .lune 
4,  1909,  and  for  appointment  of  receiver 
for  real  estate  covered  by  said  mortgage, 
and  a  temporary  restraining  order  was 
granted. 

Aniong  other  allegations  in  the  pe¬ 
tition  it  is  charged  that  Lewis  paid 
$114,000  for  the  property  in  the  Realty 
suit  and  sold  it  to  the  Company  which 
he  controlled  for  $537,788.16,  and  on  the 
day  of  the  sale  issued  a  mortgage  for 
$537,788  and  sold  the  notes  secured  by 
the  mortgage  to  various  persons  of  all 
ages  and  sexes  throughout  the  United 
States ;  that  no  interest  has  ever  been 
paid  on  the  notes  except  the  first  six 
months,  which  was  paid  in  advance,  and 
it  is  alleged  as  a  bait  to  get  people  to 
invest  in  the  notes.  Taxes  on  the  prop¬ 
erty  have  not  been  paid  since  1906,  and 
suit  is  pending  in  the  county  for  four 
years’  taxes.  This  is  charged  as  a  vio¬ 
lation  of  the  deed  of  trust.  In  addition 
to  this  the  People’s  Savings  Trust  Com¬ 
pany,  trustee,  had  never  given  any  se¬ 
curity,  although  it  has  trusteeships  of 
six  million  dollars  with  paid-up  capital 
of  only  $400,000.  Further  that  L.  B. 
Tebbetts,  chairman  of  the  board  of  di¬ 
rectors,  to  whose  credit  a  deposit  of  all 
monies  was  to  be  made  that  were  re¬ 
ceived  from  the  sales  of  lots  covered  by 
the  mortgage,  was  adjudicated  a  bank¬ 
rupt  on  February  13,  1911.  Lie  never 
gave  any  security  for  his  trust  and  the 
court  is  asked  for  his  removal  and  the 
appointment  of  a  receiver  for  the  prop¬ 
erty.  The  deed  of  trust  in  this  case, 
which  the  people  had  a  right  to  expect 
to  be  in  due  shape  and  legal  form,  is 
alleged  to  be  a  mere  pretense  and  made 
for  the  purpose  of  Lewis’s  Realty  Com¬ 
pany  and  Trust  Company  controlling  this 
property  and  the  proceeds  thereof  al¬ 
most  indefinitely. 

It  is  also  charged  that  the  Trust  Com¬ 
pany  had  authority  to  convey  any  or  all 
of  this  property  without  the  consent  of 
the  holders  of  the  notes  and  without 
surrender  or  payment  of  these  notes. 

This  proceeding  looks  like  the  begin¬ 
ning  of  the  end  of  the  Lewis  schemes. 
The  attempt  to  form  a  board  of  trus¬ 
tees  under  the  control  of  John  H.  Wil¬ 
liams  seems  to  have  failed,  partially  be¬ 
cause  publishers  with  a  reputation  to 
sustain  were  not  willing  to  become  a 
party  to  it,  and  further  because  creditors 
were  unwilling  to  surrender  their  evi¬ 
dence  of  claims  to  Mr.  Williams.  It 


has  been  intimated  by  Lewis’s  agencies 
that  there  was  really  nothing  in  the  way 
of  assets  left  in  the  Lewis  Publishing 
Company,  and  that  in  the  case  of  the 
bankruptcy  proceedings  there  probably 
would  not  be  enough  of  assets  to  pay 
the  cost  of  the  action.  Whether  this  is 
so  or  not,  the  suspense  may  as  well  be 
over,  and  creditors  may  as  well  know  the 
worst  as  to  delude  themselves  with  vain 
hopes. 

Creditors  of  these  two  companies 
have  now  only  to  place  their  claims 
where  their  interests  will  be  protected. 
The  attorney  in  this  case  is  Mr.  Claud 
D.  Hall,  705  Olive  Street,  Saint  Louis, 
Mo.  Claims  sent  to  us  will  go  in  with 
our  other  claims.  We  will  gladly  look 
after  the  interests  of  our  subscribers  or 
their  friends;  and  will  not  receive  nor 
accept  any  pay  for  the  service;  but  these 
claims  will  now  need  to  be  looked  after 
by  attorneys  at  St.  Louis,  and  the 
usual  10  per  cent,  will  probably  be 
charged  by  them  on  the  amount  col¬ 
lected. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — Two  men  were  killed  and  a 
score  of  others  injured  when  unknown  per¬ 
sons  on  May  3  dynamited  two  box  cars 
standing  in  the  Kirk  railway  yards  at  Gary, 
Ind.,  in  which  a  number  of  Italian  laborers, 
employes  of  the  American  Bridge  Company, 
were  sleeping.  .  Rivalry  between  Chicago 
labor  agents  is  advanced  by  the  Gary  police 
as  a.  possible  clue  to  the  outrage.  The 
victims  of  the  explosion  were  hired  through 
Joe  Macaluso’s  labor  agency,  382  Clark 
street.  Chicago.  Because  of  his  success  in 
this  line  Macaluso  has  incurred  the  enmity 
of  the  Black  Hand  and  he  has  himself  twice 
been  the  victim  of  dynamite  plots. 

As  a  result  of  probing  the  Franklin  Coun¬ 
ty,  O.,  grand  jury  May  3  indicted  five  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  Ohio  General  Assembly  on  the 
charge  of  soliciting  bribes.  One  legislative 
attache  was  indicted  on  the  charge  of  aiding 
and  abetting  in  the  solicitation. 

The  Treasury  Department  May  3  issued  a 
statement  confirming  the  report  of  the  ac¬ 
ceptance  of  the  offer  of  the  counsel  for 
Duvcen  Brothers  for  the  settlement  of  the 
civil  snit  pending  against  them  for  the 
fraudulent  importation  of  works  of  art  and 
antiques  at  the  port  of  New  York.  The 
amount  to  be  paid  by  Duveen  Brothers  in 
the  settlement  is  given  as  $1,180,000. 

The  severest  sentence  ever  imposed  on  a 
violator  of  the  local  option  law  in  Douglas 
County,  Ill.,  was  given  to  Horace  W.  Sor¬ 
rells  by  Judge  Dolson  at  Tuscola,  Ill.,  May 
3.  Sorrells  was  sentenced  to  300  days  in 
the  connty  jail,  was  fined  $4,900,  and  must 
pay  $550  court  costs. 

Nearly  a  score  of  miners  in  the  Hartford 
mine  of  the  Republic  Iron  and  Steel  Com¬ 
pany,  at  Negaunee,  Mich.,  were  cut  off  from 
escape  when  the  timbering  took  fire  May  5, 
and  seven  are  dead.  The  fire  began  on  the 
third  level  of  the  mine  400  feet  under 
ground.  It  is  the  theory  that  some  care¬ 
less  miner  left  a  lighted  candle  too  near 
the  woodwork  of  the  shaft.  As  soon  as  the 
fire  was  fonnd  to  be  serious  the  100  men 
were  notified.  Some  gained  the  surface  by 
the  cage,  while  others  made  their  way 
through  the  Cambria  mine,  adjoining. 

Forest  fires  May  7  swept  over  territory 
estimated  at  ten  square  miles  in  Rhode 
Island  and  the  neighboring  parts  of  Massa¬ 
chusetts.  In  South  Kingston  three  men  were 
cut  off  and  one  was  burned  to  death.  The 
damage  will  amount  to  many  thousands  of 
dollars.  The  most  serious  fire  began  near 
Larkins  Pond,  in  the  town  of  South  Kings¬ 
ton,  early  in  the  day.  The  village  of  Kings¬ 
ton,  near  the  Rhode  Island  State  College, 
was  in  danger  of  being  wiped  out,  and  the 
whole  force  of  students  and  faculty  of  the 
colleget  numbering  over  150  men,  turned  out 
and  with  shovels,  brooms  and  brush  aided 
the  farmers  in  saving  their  homes.  This 
fire  burned  over  a  space  of  between  four 
and  five  square  miles.  Several  buildings 
in  town  were  destroyed.  These  include  a 
sawmill,  near  which  was  800  cords  of  wood 
cut  and  piled  up.  Fire  in  Oakland,  near 
the  town  of  Cranston,  swept  over  50  acres  of 
timber  land.  Another  in  Seekonk,  just  ovo< 
the  State  line  in  Massachusetts,  covered  30 
acres.  Both  the  Attleboros  had  extensive 
fires  May  7.  In  North  Attleboro  a  tract 
three  miles  square  was  burned  over  and 
much  standing  timber  was  destroyed.  In 
Attleboro  the  fire  department  fought  all  day 
to  protect  houses  threatened  by  two  fires. 
Three  forest  fires  surrounding  May’s  Land¬ 
ing,  N.  J„  May  7,  destroyed  thousands  of 
dollars  worth  of  timber  land  before  they 
were  put  out  by  hundreds  of  fire  fighters. 
Automobilists  on  the  country  road  from 
Philadelphia  to  Atlantic  City  had  to  pass 
through  clouds  of  smoke.  Trains  on  the 
electric  railway  between  McKee  City  and 
May’s  Landing  passed  through  flames  on 
either  side  of  the  tracks. 

Settlers  living  along  the  Minnesota-On- 
tario  boundary  fear  a  repetition  of  the  dis¬ 
astrous  fire  of  last  Fall,  when  some  forty 
or  fifty  people  were  burned  to  death,  a 
dozen  or  more  towns  razed  to  the  ground 
and  millions  of  feet  of  valuable  timber  went 
up  in  smoke.  Never  was  the  bush  so  dry 
or  the  water  so  low  in  the  rivers  and  creeks. 
May  8  big  forest  fires  were  raging  to  the 
north  of  Beaudette,  Minn.,  and  in  the  vicin¬ 
ity  of  Williams,  and  conditions  are  ideal 
for  the  already  large  fires  spreading.  Al¬ 
ready  a  number  of  settlers  have  been  burned 
out  and  reports  of  loss  of  life  have  been 
received,  but  as  yet  need  confirmation.  That 
some  persons  have  lost  their  lives  is  as¬ 
sured,  for  there  would  be  but  little  chance 
for  escape  for  a  number  of  settlers  home¬ 
steading  in  the  bush  country.  The  towns 
of  Quitico,  Hunters  Island  and  Frog  Creek 
are  in  grave  danger,  and  their  residents  es¬ 
caped  in  relief  trains.  Fires  are  raging  in 
the  valuable  timber  limits  to  the  north  of 
Prince  Albert,  Saskatchewan,  and  already 
millions  of  feet  of  timber  have  gone  up  in 
smoke  and  a  number  of  homesteaders  have 
lost  all  they  had.  May  8  the  fire  got  into 
the  limits  of  Hudson's  Bay  Junction  and 
Mafeking,  but  with  the  relief  sent  by  the 
Canadian  Northern  Railway,  combined  with 
the  efforts  of  the  entire  population  of  the 
two  towns,  the  buildings  were  saved  except¬ 
ing  a  few  on  the  outskirts.  Forest  fires  are 
burning  in  Houghton,  Ontonagon,  Keewenaw 


and  Baraga  counties  in  the  upper  peninsula 
of  Michigan,  particularly  in  the  neighbor¬ 
hood  of  Rockland,  Chasscll  and  L’Anse  and 
near  Otter  Lake,  the  centre  of  a  rich  farm¬ 
ing  district.  Many  farms  were  destroyed  at 
Otter  Lake.  Fires  started  May  8  in  timber 
lands  west  of  Calumet  on  the  shores  of 
Lake  Superior  and  the  lower  lake  region 
Is  covered  with  dense  smoke. 


DIARY  OF  FARM  WORK. 

Busy  Week  on  a  Fruit  Farm. 

This  is  the  first  of  a  series  of  reports 
of  farm  labor  which  we  hope  to  print  dur¬ 
ing  the  year.  We  want  them  as  widely 
scattered  as  possible,  and  would  like  to 
have  them  as  clear  in  detail  as  this  excel¬ 
lent  report  from  Mr.  King.  Can  we  have 
volunteers  for  the  work? 

Monday,  April  24. — Finished  grafting  123 
plum  trees  to-day.  There  was  a  block  of 
140  set  for  Reine  Claude  seven  years  ago 
this  Spring,  and  only  nine  were  true  to 
name ;  the  rest  have  never  had  a  dozen 
plums  on,  and  they  were  small  yellow  ones, 
and  there  are  no  blossom  buds  on  this 
Spring.  They  were  very  strong,  vigorous- 
growing  trees,  and  wo  put  in  from  eight 
to  12  scions  in  each,  leaving  enough  limbs 
to  take  up  the  sap  and  shade  the  bodies 
pretty  well ;  shall  fasten  burlap  around  the 
bodies  later  to  be  sure  to  keep  them  from 
sunscald.  We  put  on  2,200  pounds  of  fer¬ 
tilizer  on  a  block  of  500  Iron  Mountain 
peach  trees,  700  pounds  muriate  of  potash, 
1,500  pounds  acid  phosphate.  It  took  two 
men  just  one  hour  to  mix  this  ami  load 
half  of  it  on  a  wagon  ;  sowed  this  by  hand, 
about  4%  pounds  to  a  tree.  We  used  no 
nitrogen,  as  there  wex'e  about  25  loads  of 
stable  manure  put  on  this  ground  last  Win¬ 
ter.  We  had  three  teams  plowing  and 
one  pulling  stumps,  and  three  men  setting 
trees. 

Tuesday,  April  25. — finished  pulling  500 
nine-year-old  peach  trees  to-day ;  it  took 
three  men  and  a  team  1  y2  day,  used  a 
heavy  hay  rope  and  one  pulley  block ; 
hitched  the  rope  ahead  and  pulled  six  to 
eight  trees  without  backing  up.  Our  rope 
was  hax-dly  heavy  enough,  as  we  had  to 
splice  it  several  times,  and  we  had  to  cut 
occasionally  a  i-oot.  These  trees  were  set 
for  Chairs  Choiee,  but  have  been  practically 
worthless.  They  were  of  the  Crawford 
type,  and  somewhat  resembled  the  Chairs 
Choice,  but  they  were  surely  not  purebred* 
The  root  growth  was  strong  and  healthy, 
but  the  trees  were  weakly.  From  the  bud 
up  something  was  the  matter.  We  are 
going  to  set  Elbertas  this  Spring  in  the 
holes  where  we  pulled  out  these  trees.  One 
team  has  been  subsoiling  for  another  block 
of  trees,  one  plowing  with  gang  plow,  and 
one  harrowing.  The  rest  of  the  men  have 
been  setting  cherry  trees. 

Wednesday,  April  25. — Started  spraying 
again  this  morning,  and  the  engine  balked, 
so  we  got  another  man  and  hitched  on  to 
the  hand  sprayer  and  used  that.  Two  men 
and  a  team  dug  629  holes  this  forenoon. 
We  stake  the  ground  out  one  way,  then 
turn  two  heavy  furrows  out,  and  subsoil 
the  middle  furrow.  The  hole  digger  is  a 
largo  spade  fastened  to  a  standard  and 
beam  with  handle  something  like  a  ditching 
plow  ;  this  we  hitch  onto  a  sulky  in  place 
of  the  plow.  The  team  straddles  the  fur¬ 
row,  one  man  drives  and  the  other  digs 
the  holes.  One  team  has  been  plowing  in 
the  gooseberries  with  a  gang  plow,  and  one 
team  plowing  under  the  trees  with  a  set- 
over  iron  on ;  we  don’t  use  a  one-horse 
plow  much  now,  as  we  can  do  better  work 
with  a  team.  Began  making  some  moixe 
lime-sulphur  to-day ;  we  thought  we  had 
enough  to  take  us  through  the  season,  but 
have  let  our  neighbors  have  some,  and 
have  done  more  spraying  than  we  expected. 
The  rest  of  the  men  have  been  setting  trees. 

Thursday,  April  27. — We  got  the  engine 
started  again  this  morning,  and  it  worked 
well  for  about  four  hours  and  then  balked 
again.  A  balky  engine  is  worse  than  a 
balky  horse ;  pulling,  pushing,  coaxing  or 
scolding  don’t  do  a  bit  of  good.  We  have 
about  2,000  more  peach  trees  we  haven’t 
sprayed,  but  they  are  varieties  that  curl- 
leaf  does  not  damage  unless  it  is  a  very 
bad  Spring,  so  think  we  will  not  try  to 
use  the  engine  any  more  this  week  but 
give  it  an  overhauling  and  have  it  ready 
for  the  apples  next  week.  We  have  sprayed 
about  17,000  trees  this  Spring  with  one 
hand  and  one  power  sprayer.  This  weather 
is  hustling  things  ;  had  to  spray  our  goose¬ 
berries  this  afternoon  with  the  hand  rig ; 
nearly  finished  5,000  to-night.  Finished 
setting  the  029  trees  this  morning,  pulled 
up  our  stakes,  took  them,  puddling  tub 
and  tools  and  moved  to  the  block  we  pulled 
the  trees  on  and  got  to  setting  there.  The 
teams  wei'e  plowing  and  harrowing  all  day. 

Friday,  April  28. — WTe  finished  making 
our  lime-sulphur  mixture  yesterday  ;  two 
men  made  16  barrels  in  a  little  less  than 
two  days,  testing  27  to  29  degrees  Beaume. 
Finished  pulling  wood  from  the  vineyard 
and  burned  the  brush  and  set  ti’ees  with 
the  men  to-day.  It  is  quite  a  slow  job 
to  set  where  we  pulled  the  stumps ;  there 
are  a  good  many  roots  left.  Evei-ything 
didn’t  go  quite  smooth  again  to-day.  One 
man  broke  a  plow  beam  and  another  broke 
an  iron  that  clamps  the  handle  onto  one 
of  the  gang  plows.  I  guess  we  have  to 
get  steel  plows,  and  then — how  I  would  like 
to  have  talked  to  the  px-esident  of  that 
company  !  This  is  the  third  one  of  these 
clamps  *  we  have  broken,  and  they  could 
just  as  well  have  been  made  out  of  mal¬ 
leable  as  cast  iron. 

Saturday,  April  29. — Fnished  raking  and 
burning  brush  to-day  in  our  peach  orchards. 
We  find  the  best  thing  we  ever  used  is  one 
of  the  old  revolving  wooden  rakes ;  it  gathers 
it  up  pretty  clean  and  will  haul  a  good 
load.  When  I  was  a  young  fellow  I  bought 
one  of  those  rakes  and  raked  the  wheat 
stubble  on  my  father’s  and  uncle’s  farms 
for  half,  and  I  made  enough  to  pay  for 
the  i-ake  and  $10  besides.  This  was  cradle 
stubble  ;  1  grew  an  inch  on  that  deal.  We 
nearly  finished  setting  ti’ees  to-day,  set 
in  some  gooseberries,  and  did  several  odd 
jobs.  I  had  one  man  with  me  setting  out 
a  lot  of  odd  trees,  about  30  varieties  of 
peaches,  cherries  and  apples  that  we  have 
not  tried  before.  We  do  some  experiment¬ 
ing.  This  has  been  a  hot,  busy  week.  One 
week  ago  to-day  it  snowed  by  spells  all 
day,  and  the  buds  had  hardly  begun  to 
start,  and  to-night  there  are  some  apricots, 
Burbank  plum  and  sweet  cherries  in  bloom. 
With  quite  a  little  balking  and  breakage 
we  have  done  a  lot  of  work  this  week.  All 
hands  have  earned  their  wages  and  quit  at 
five  o’clock,  so  as  to  wash  up  and  get  ready 
for  Sunday.  The  boss  and  some  of  them, 
too,  go  to  church  and  Sunday  school. 

Tompkins  Co.,  N.  Y.  T.  H.  king. 


612 


5TMFC  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


May  20, 


Woman  and  the  Home 


From  Day  to  Day. 

MORTALITY. 

Ye  dainty  mosses,  lichens  gray, 

I’ressed .  each  to  each  in  tender  fold, 

And  peacefully  thus,  day  by  day, 

Returning  to  their  mold ; 

Brown  leaves,  that  with  aerial  grace 

Slip  from  your  branch  like  birds  a-wing, 
Each  leaving  in  the  appointed  place 
Its  bud  of  future  Spring ; 

If  we,  God’s  conscious  creatures,  knew 
But  half  your  faith  in  our  decay, 

We  should  not  tremble  as  we  do 
When  summoned  clay  to  clay. 

But  with  an  equal  patience  sweet 
We  should  put  off  this  mortal  gear, 

In  whatsoe’er  new  form  is  meet 
Content  to  leappear. 

Knowing  each  germ  of  life  lie  gives 
Must  have  in  Him  its  source  and  rise, 
Being  that  of  His  being  lives 
May  change,  but  never  dies. 

Y'e  dead  leaves,  dropping  soft  and  slow, 

Yre  mosses  green  and  lichens  fair, 

Go  to  your  graves,  as  I  will  go, 

For  God  is  also  there. 

— Dinah  Muloek  Craik. 

♦ 

Vienna  steak  calls  for  a  pound  of  un¬ 
cooked  steak  chopped  fine,  as  for  Ham¬ 
burg  steak,  seasoned  with  salt,  paprika, 
and  minced  chives  or  tender  green 
onion  tops.  Roll  out  on  the  floured 
board,  form  into  small  flat  cakes,  and 
fry  in  butter.  When  cooked,  remove  the 
meat  cakes  and  put  on  platter  in  the 
oven  while  making  thickened  gravy  in 
the  pan.  The  gravy  may  have  a  little 
thick  sour  cream  added  to  it  if  liked ;  the 

foreign  recipe  calls  for  this. 

* 

While  the  shops  show  plenty  of  hand¬ 
some  lingerie  blouses  a  great  many 
women  do  not  think  them  as  dressy  as 
the  silk  or  chiffon  waist  matching  the 
suit.  For  this  reason  we  still  see  the 
transparent  over-blouses  in  color  match¬ 
ing  the  suit,  which  are  to  be  worn  over 
waists  of  lace  or  embroidery.  Newer 
models  this  Spring  combine  sheer  wash 
materials  of  white  or  cream  with  colored 
silk,  satin  or  etamine.  Some  of  these 
have  a  shallow  yoke  of  the  lingerie  ma¬ 
terial  continuing  down  the  outside  of  the 
sleeve  like  a  band ;  others  have  deep  cape 
or  sailor  collars  of  embroidered  batiste 
or  linen.  Sometimes  both  yoke  and 
sleeves  are  of  the  lingerie  material,  em¬ 
broidered  in  a  color  matching  the  rest  of 
the  waist. 

* 

Challis  has  come  back,  and  is  now  a 
favorite  material,  most  of  the  fashion¬ 
able  patterns  including  a  border.  Most 
of  the  styles  seen  have  cream-white 
grounds  with  flowers  or  small  figures  to 
match,  including  the  border.  In  making 
up  these  materials  some  of  the  fashion¬ 
able  one-piece  models  are  selected,  a 
piping  of  silk  or  satin  of  harmonizing 
color  often  being  used  in  combination 
with  the  border.  The  material  is  also 
offered  in  solid  colors  with  a  little  spot 
or  figure  of  white  or  some  light  color. 
It  is  a  very  useful  material,  light,  and 
yet  giving  a  little  warmth  on  damp  or 
chilly  Summer  days.  The  price  varies 
from  about  50  cents  to  $1.50  a  yard,  the 
fine  French  bordered  challis  being  the 
highest  in  price. 

* 

In  a  recent  speech  before  a  woman’s 
club  in  New  York  James  Walsh,  the 
Commissioner  of  Weights  and  Meas¬ 
ures,  explained  how  the  manufacture  of 
glass  had  become  very  profitable  since 
certain  packers  had  taken  over  whole 
factories  for  the  production  of  glass  jars 
to  hold  bacon  and  were  now  selling  four¬ 
teen  ounces  of  bacon  in  a  two-ounce  jar 
at  the  price  of  a  pound  of  bacon.  “Since 
bacon  retails  at  31  cents  a  pound  and 

glass  is  worth  about  6  cents  in  the 

open  market  you  can  see  the  profit 

on  the  glass,”  said  Mr.  Walsh.  He 
gave  the  women  good  advice  about 

marketing,  urging  them  to  buy  in 
person,  so  they  could  watch  the 


weighing  and  measuring,  instead  of  tele¬ 
phoning  and  giving  a  dishonest  dealer  an 
opportunity  for  cheating,  and  he  also  ad¬ 
vised  them  to  use  accurate  scales  and 
measures  at  home  to  check  up  their  pur¬ 
chases,  though  he  asserted  that  there 
were  no  family  scales  on  the  market  that 
would  pass  muster  with  his  department. 
Among  retail  cheats  he  explained  the  use 
of  “chicken  sinkers,”  metal  weights  of 
half  a  pound.  He  deftly  slips  on  of  these 
inside  the  chicken  when  he  weighs  it;  it 
is  removed  before  the  bird  is  delivered, 
and  the  customer  is  none  the  wiser.  Be¬ 
tween  short  packages  and  short  weight 
there  is  no  doubt  a  heavy  loss  for  the 
consumer;  every  dealer  is  not  dishonest 
by  any  means,  but  the  evil  is  sufficiently 
common  to  make  every  housekeeper  re¬ 
alize  the  wisdom  of  careful  purchasing. 

* 

A  very  rich  and  beautiful  conserve  is 
made  from  blood  oranges.  Free  the  or¬ 
anges  completely  from  rind  and  white 
tissue.  Slice  them  across  and  remove  all 
seeds,  as  they  seem  to  impart  a  bitter 
quality  to  the  preserve.  For  a  cupful  of 
pulp  or  two  medium  sized  oranges  use 
half  a  cupful  of  sugar  and  a  quarter  of  a 
cupful  of  water.  Put  the  mixture  into  a 
pan  lined  with  enamel  and  absolutely 
free  from  cracks  or  nicked  corners 
where  there  may  be  danger  of  contact 
with  the  metal  foundation  beneath.  Let 
it  boil  until  the  fruit  is  soft  and  sur¬ 
rounded  by  a  jellylike  syrup.  A  good 
way  to  test  it  is  to  pour  a  little  of  the 
juice  into  a  saucer  and  set  the  saucer  on 
ice.  If  it  hardens  to  a  soft  jelly  it  is 
done.  Put  away  in  small  cups  or  glasses. 
This  conserve  has  a  very  delicate  flavor, 
quite  distinct  from  orange  marmalade,  in 

which  the  peel  is  used. 

★ 

As  a  neighborly  hint,  the  incident  re¬ 
ported  by  the  Youth’s  Companion  seems 
to  have  been  effective,  as  thus  related: 

“No,”  said  Eben  Slocum,  “we  aren’t 
much  given  to  surprise  parties  or  com¬ 
bination  gifts  here  in  Cedarville,  but 
once  in  a  while  we  do  band  together, 
when  we  see  real  need.  For  instance, 
we  gave  Lem  Fowle  a  load  o’  good  shin¬ 
gles  last  Spring — seven  or  eight  of  us 
neighbors  did.” 

“How  did  that  happen?”  asked  the 
Summer  resident. 

“It  happened  after  more  or  less  talk 
about  the  way  Lem’s  roof  looked,”  said 
Mr.  Slocum,  “and  considerable  feeling 
about  the  way  that  boy  o’  his  cut  up  in 
school  an’  in  church. 

“We  sent  the  load  with  a  kind  of  an 
explanatory  note  to  Lem,  and  he  took  the 
shingles  and  made  good  use  of  ’em — 
both  ways.” 

“Both  ways?”  echoed  the  listener. 

“Why,  yes,”  and  Mr.  Slocum  looked 
rather  tried  at  such  an  exhibition  of  dull¬ 
ness.  “We  wrote  him  that  we  cal’lated 
by  the  way  his  roof  leaked  an’  his  boy 
acted  that  he  was  out  o’  shingles,  and 
couldn’t  afford  to  buy  any.  I  should 
think  ’twas  plain  enough.  ’Twas  to  Lem, 
anyway.” 


Homemade  Floor  Coverings. 

A.  E.  F.  asks  about  inexpensive  floor 
coverings,  and  as  to  whether  carpet-rags 
can  be  worked  up  at  home  and  save  the 
cost  of  weaving.  In  reply,  our  editor 
says :  “Braided  and  hooked  rugs  are  the 
only  carpet-rag  coverings  we  know  that 
are  made  without  weaving.” 

Terms  mean  different  things  to  differ¬ 
ent  people,  and  I  am  not  sure  whether  in 
the  above  the  term  “hooked”  means  cro¬ 
cheted  or  something  else.  There  are 
several  ways  of  using  the  carpet  rags, 
and  I  have  tried  all  of  them  I  think,  and 
if  my  advice  is  worth  anything  I  can  give 
my  opinion  in  mighty  few  words,  and 
it  is :  Don’t  use  any  of  them.  In  the 
first  place,  one  must  consider  the  fact 
that  where  a  pound  and  a  quarter  of 
rags  will  make  a  square  yard  of  woven 
floor  covering,  it  takes  a  good  many 
more  to  braid,  hook  or  knit  a  piece  of 


equal  size.  This  means  more  time  and 
rags  in  the  preparation,  and  when  the 
time  and  strength  given  to  the  actual 
making  is  added  to  it,  the  result  secured 
is  a  heavy,  dirt-holding  rug  that  can 
never  be  shaken  or  whipped  to  a  satis¬ 
factory  degree  of  cleanliness  and  is, 
practically,  ruined  by  washing.  In  most 
places  weavers  charge  25  cents  per 
■square  yard  for  weaving,  and  furnish 
the  warp,  and  the  rugs  are  lighter, 
smoother,  stronger,  much  more  easily 
cleaned  and  vastly  more  durable  than 
any  homemade  product  can  be. 

After  crocheting  an  entire  carpet  for  a 
small,  queer-shaped  hall,  making  rugs, 
both  large  and  small,  by  every  known 
method  of  work,  I  speak  from  experi¬ 
ence,  both  in  making  and  using,  when  I 
say  that  for  all-around  satisfaction  the 
knit  rugs  are  decidedly  the  best  of  the 
homemade  varieties.  For  this  work  I 
use  large  wooden  needles,  which  may  be 
made  at  home  if  one  has  a  couple  of 
pieces  of  hard  wood  and  a  little  patience. 
The  work  is  simply  knitting  back  and 
forth,  using  the  simple  garter  stitch,  un¬ 
til  the  strip  is  long  enough — as  long  as 
the  rug  is  wanted — and,  when  several 
strips  are  made,  sewing  them  together. 
If  a  bordered  end  is  wanted,  plan  to  knit 
in  the  desired  stripes  at  each  end  of  the 
strips  and  then  match  them  when  sewing 
the  strips  together.  Crocheted  rugs  are 
much  easier  to  make  if  strips  are  cro¬ 
cheted  and  sewn  together,  and  come  next 
to  the  knit  ones  in  point  of  durability 
but,  whatever  the  style  of  making, 
strong  rags  must  be  used  or  they  quickly 
break  when  handling  the  rugs,  as  there 
is  no  warp  to  relieve  the  strain.  As 
our  editor  said,  such  rugs  are  in  fashion 
again,  and  there  is  a  certain  kind  of 
pleasure  in  making  them,  but  all  the 
satisfaction  is  gone  when  it  comes  to 
trying  to  keep  such  floor-coverings 
clean  and  wholesome,  for  the  owner 
may  shake  and  whip  until  tired  out  and 
the  dirt  still  hangs  in  the  rags.  For 
small  rugs  where  one  stands  by  the 
table,  by  the  stove  or  at  other  places 
where  the  floor  quickly  shows  soil  and 
wear,  the  rugs  are  not  half  bad,  and 
are  restful  because  thick,  but  for  larger 
rugs  to  take  the  place  of  carpets  my  ex¬ 
perience  prompts  me  to  give  a  verdict 
against  them.  eva  ryman-gaillard. 


ASK  FOR 


As  man  was  created  for  health,  so 
was  mankind  created  for  happiness;  and 
to  speak  of  its  misery  only,  though  that 
misery  everywhere  seem  everlasting,  is 
only  to  say  words  that  fall  lightly  and 
soon  are  forgotten.  Why  not  speak  as 
though  mankind  were  always  on  the  eve 
of  great  certitude,  of  great  joy?  Thither, 
in  truth,  is  man  led  by  his  instinct, 
though  he  may  never  live  to  behold  the 
long-wished-for  tomorrow.  —  Maeter¬ 
linck. 


PRINTS 


Dependable  dress-goods 

are  worth  ten  times  their 
weight  in  satisfaction,  be¬ 
cause  they  are  “worth 
making  up.’’ 

Simpson-Eddystone 

Fast  Black  Shepherd 
Plaids  and  Stripes 

are  remarkable  Prints  for 
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generations  of  thrifty 
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for  their  enduring  cotton 
fabric,  beautiful  designs, 
and  color  that  is  unmoved 
by  soap,  sunlight  or  per¬ 
spiration. 

Show  this  advertisement  to  your  dealer 
when  you  order,  and  don’t  accept  sub¬ 
stitutes.  If  not  in  your  dealer’s  stock 
write  us  his  name  and  address.  We’li 
help  him  supply  you. 

The  Eddystone  Mfg.  Co.,  Philo. 
Founded  1842  by  Wm.Simpson  Sr 


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0.  W.  Ingersoll,  24b  Plymouth  St.,  Brooklyn,  H.Y. 


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SPLENDID  CROPS 

jlL  Saskatchewan  (Western  Canada) 

800  Bushels  From  20  Acres 

of  wheat  was  the  thresher’,  re¬ 
turn  from  a  Lloydminster  form 
in  the  season  of  1910.  Many 
fields  in  that  as  well  as  other 
districts  yielded  from  25  to  35 
bushels  of  wheat  to  the  acre. 
Other  grains  in  proportion. 

Large  Profits 

are  thus  derived  from  the 
F  REE  HOMESTEAD 
LANDS  of  Western  Canada. 

This  excellent  showing  causes  prices 
to  advance.  Land  values  should  double 
in  two  years’  time 

Grain  growing,  mixed  farming, 
cattle  raising  and  dairying  are  all 
profitable.  Free  Homesteads  of  1 60 
acres  are  to  be  had  In  the  very  best 
districts;  160-acre  pre-emptions  at 
$3.00  per  acre  within  certain  areas. 
Schools  and  churches  in  every  set¬ 
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For  low  settlers’  railway  rate,  and  illustra¬ 
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Can.,  or  Can.  Gov’t  Agt.  (52) 

Supt.  of  Immigration,  Ottawa,  Canada,  or 
Canadian  Government  Agent,  30  SyracuM 
Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


i 


See  California  Now 

Never  before  has  this  State  been  so 
prosperous.  Ideal  climate,  moun¬ 
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Union  Pacific 
Southern  Pacific 

Standard  Route  of  the  West 

Electric  Block  Signals 
Excellent  Dining  Cars 

For  literature  and  information  call  on  or  address 

J.  B.  DeFriest,  G.  E.  A., 

287  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


613 


Dry  Mops  and  Bagged  Brooms. 

Every  housewife  should  have  a  good 
wall  brush,  if  she  has  expensive  paper 
on  her  walls,  but  for  ordinary  wallpaper 
the  dry  mop  and  the  covered  broom  are 
both. useful  in  cleaning  the  overhead  and 
side  walls  of  the  house.  The  skirt  of 
knit  undershirts  make  a  good  bag,  the 
same  as  outing  flannel.  Any  knit  cotton 
or  woolen  material  will  make  a  good 
dry  mop.  An  extra  mopstick  is  no  great 
expense,  and  a  partially  worn  broom  can 
be  trimmed  evenly  and  covered.  While 
both  a  dry  mop  and  covered  broom  are 
not  actually  necessary,  yet  both  can  be 
used  to  good  advantage,  the  broom  for 
the  ceiling,  and  the  mop  for  the  side 
walls,  the  portion  above  the  picture 
moldings,  and  the  moldings  also,  much 
better  than  the  broom ;  as  the  cloth  in 
a  mop  hangs  free  and  can  be  used  with 
an  up  and  down  movement,  and  across 
the  top  of  open  doors,  door  and  win¬ 
dow  frames.  The  bagged  broom  is  not 
only  good  for  walls,  overhead  and  side, 
and  hardwood  floors,  but  also  for  mat¬ 
ting,  when  used  before  the  regular 
broom,  as  the  dust  can  thus  be  collected 
in  lint-like  rolls  and  easily  removed. 

The  dry  mop  is  especially  recom¬ 
mended  for  keeping  bed-slats  clean.  By 
standing  on  one  side  of  a  bed  and  then 
on  the  other  a  mop  can  be  rubbed  the 
length  of  each  slat  four  times,  and  if 
followed  by  a  whisk  broom  along  the 
side  pieces  and  by  a  cloth  on  other  ex¬ 
posed  places,  a  bed  can  be  kept  com¬ 
paratively  clean  each  month  in  the  year 
without  taking  it  apart,  or  even  remov¬ 
ing  the  bedding,  a  matter  that  makes  a 
dry  mop  worth  while  the  same  as  a 
bagged  broom.  medora  corbett. 

When  Lemons  are  “It.” 

At  this  season — what  our  forebears 
called  “between  hay  and  grass” — the 
housekeeper  is  busy  thinking  what  is 
possible  for  the  dinner  dessert.  Apples 
are  gone,  and  the  canned  fruit  has 
melted  away  with  the  Winter’s  snow. 
The  little  remaining  must  be  hoarded; 
actually  placing  it  on  the  “emergency 
shelf.”  Now,  we  find  the  lemon  our 
friend  in  time  of  need.  It  has  tonic 
properties  little  valued  because  we  are) 
simply  using  it  as  a  passover  between 
apples  and  strawberries.  Its  virtues  are 
there,  and  there  would  be  many  less 
complaining  of  dyspepsia  and  out-of- 
commission  livers  if  lemons  were  on  the 
daily  menu. 

Lemon  Pie. — Grated  rind  and  juice 
of  one  lemon,  one  cup  white  sugar,  two 
teaspoonfuls  cornstarch  and  twcr  of 
flour,  one  teaspoon  butter,  two  large 
cups  boiling  water,  yolk  of  one  egg. 
Mix  the  starch,  flour  and  sugar  dry, 
Add  the  egg,  lemon  and  butter  and  mix 
again.  Turn  over  these  the  boiling 
water,  stirring  constantly  till  it  boils. 
Turn  immediately  into  the  baked  crust. 
When  cold  spread  over  it  the  beaten 
white  of  egg  and  sprinkle  evenly  over 
this  two  teaspoons-  of  granulated  sugar. 
Do  not  bake.  Using  part  flour  gives  a 
better  result  than  all  cornstarch,  which 
makes  too  hard  a  pie. 

Raisin  Pie. — This  has  two  crusts  and 
should  bake  slowly,  like  a  mince  pie. 
Cover  one-half  cup  seeded  raisins  with 
one-half  cup  warm  water  and  soak  till 
fully  their  natural  size.  Beat  one  egg 
and  one  cup  sugar,  add  juice  and  grated 
rind  of  one  lemon,  add  the  water  from 
the  raisins  and  chop  the  raisins  with 
two  crackers.  Stir  all  together  and 
place  in .  crust.  Dust  over  one  table¬ 
spoonful  flour  before  adding  top  crust. 
Canned  cherries  may  be  used  in  place 
of  raisins. 

Lemon  Filling. — Grate  carefully  the 
yellow  from  one  lemon;  squeeze  the 
juice  into  bowl,  add  one  whole  egg  and 
one  cup  white  sugar.  Mix  thoroughly 
and  spread  between  cake  layers.  Do  not 
cook.  Easy  and  very  good. 

Lemon  Cake. — One  cup  white  sugar, 
two  eggs  (or  reserve  the  white  of  one 
for  frosting),  two  tablespoonfuls  melted 
butter,  three  tablespoonfuls  cold  water 
and  one  of  lemon  juice,  one-fourth  tea¬ 
spoonful  soda  and  one  Heaping  teaspoon¬ 
ful  baking  powder,  one  and  one-fourth 
cup  flour.  Bake  in  loaf. 

LILLY  ELY  LITTLE. 


The  Rural  Patterns.  Amber  Marmalade. 

When  ordering  patterns  ahvays  give  Shave  one  orange,  one  lemon  and  one 
number  of  pattern  and  measurements  grape  fruit  very  thin,  rejecting  nothing 


Serpentine  Crepe 


Nation 


Eaters  ^ 

The  people  of  the  United  States 
are  known  all  over  the  world  as  a 
Nation  of  dyspeptics.  We  don’t  take 
time  to  eat  properly  or  to  eat  proper  food. 

Everyone  would  live  longer— be  healthier.  '^'M 
feel  better,  do  better  work,  and  do  it  with 
greater  ease  if  more  time  were  taken  in  eating 
and  more  UNEEDA  BISCUIT  eaten.  UNEEDA 
BISCUIT  are  the  most  nutritious  of  all  foods 
made  from  flour.  UNEEDA  BISCUIT  are  -gj 
always  fresh,  clean,  crisp  and  good. 
UNEEDA  BISCUIT  are  muscle  mak- 
ers  and  brain  builders.  In  short, 


Uneeda 

Biscuit. 


Never  sold 
in  bulk 


the  moisture-proof 
package 


mmmrnmmm  it  com  pahy 


desired. 

The  child’s  kimono  shown  .includes 
plain  sleeves  and  is  finished  with  a  band 
that  is  rolled  over  at  the  neck  to  give  a 
collar  effect.  China  silk,  cotton  crepe, 
albatross,  washable  flannel,  lawn,  batiste, 
all  the  materials  that  are  used  for  ki¬ 
monos  are  appropriate  for  this  one.  The 
kimono  consists  of  the  smooth  fitted 


6915  Child’s  Kimono,  1, 2  and  4  years. 

yoke  and  the  full  lower  portion  that  is 
gathered  and  joined  to  the  yoke.  The 
sleeves  are  cut  in  one  piece  each  and  a 
band  is  joined  to  the  neck  and  front 
edges.  For  the  2-year  size  will  be  re¬ 
quired  4  yards  of  material  27  inches 
wide,  2l/>  yards  36  or  2  yards  44  inches 
wide,  2)4  yards  of  ribbon  4  inches  wide 
for  bands.  The  pattern  No.  6915  is  cut 
in  sizes  for  children  of  1,  2  and  4  years 
of  age;  price  10  cents. 

The  smaller  pictures  include  6974, 
fancy  tucked  blouse  34  to  42  bust.  3 
yards  of  material  27  inches  wide,  2^4 
yards  36,  2  yards  44,  )4  yards  of  all 
over  lace  18  inches  wide,  Ft  yard  20 
inches  wide  for  trimming,  for  medium 
size.  6977,  house  jacket  with  fitted  back. 
34  to  44  bust.  With  high  neck,  deep 
collar  or  with  square  neck,  with  elbow  or 
long  sleeves  or  with  short  plain  sleeves. 
3)4  yards  of  material  27  inches  wide,  2)4 
yards  36,  2*4  yards  44,  3j4  yards  of 
bandifig,  for  the  medium  size.  5916, 
men’s  plain  outing  shirt.  34  to  44  breast. 
To  be  made  with  collar  or  neck-band  or 


6977 


6974 


wristbands  or  with  or  without  yoke.  4% 
yards  of  material  27  inches  wide,  3*4 
yards  36,  for  medium  size.  6694,  girl's 
dress,  with  five-gored  skirt,  V-shaped  or 
high  neck.  10  to  14  years’,  6)4  yards  of 
material  27  inches  wide,  6  yards  36,  3)4 
yards  44,  10*4  yards  of  banding  2)4 
inches  wide,  2  yards  of  ruffling,  for  12- 
year  size.  6980,  seven-gored  petticoat 
with  habit  back,  22  to  32.  6*4  yards  of 
material  27  inches  wide,  3)4  yards  36  or 
44,  3  yards  of  embroidery,  2)4  yards  of 
insertion,  2  yards  of  beading,  for  medi¬ 
um  size ;  price  10  cents. 


but  seeds  and  cores.  Measure  the  fruit 
and  add  to  it  three  times  the  quantity 
of  water.  let  it  stand  in  an  earthen 
bowl  over  night.  Next  morning  boil  10 
minutes  only.  Let  stand  another  night. 
The  second  morning  add  pint  for  pint 
of  sugar  and  boil  till  it  jellies,  which 
will  be  somewhere  about  two  hours.  I 
put  the  fruit  on  to  boil  and  put  my 
sugar  in  the  oven  to  get  warm,  then  add 
a  cup  or  two  of  it  at  a  time  so  the  fruit 
will  not  stop  boiling.  I  know  not 
whether  other  folk  do  that  way  or  not. 
The  nicer  and  less  bitter  the  fruit,  the 
less  bitter  the  marmalade.  The  less  it  is 
stirred,  the  clearer  it  will  be.  Select  the 
best  fruit.  mrs.  m.  b.  m. 


More  About  Shoe  Numbers. 

Having  received  much  help  and  many 
suggestions  from  The  R.  N.-Y.,  I  take 
pleasure  in  making  a  small  return  by 
answering  some  questions  about  those 
“mystifying  shoe  numbers.”  W.  LI.  H., 
on  page  407,  gives  Mrs.  J.  C.  the  why 
and  wherefore,  but  does  not  give  the  key 
to  it.  The  explanation  is  this :  The 
row  of  figures  stamped  on  the  inside 
lining  of  the  shoe  gives  the  size.  It 
consists  of  about  seven  figures,  at  least 
an  uneven  number  in  sizes  up  to  10. 
The  middle  number  is  the  size  number ; 
the  last  one  gives  half  sizes,  for  ex¬ 
ample:  73810  is  a  No.  8,  56635  is  No. 
6J4,  481030  is  No.  10.  The  remainder  of 
the  figures  are  manufacturer’s  lot  num¬ 
bers.  _  c.  H. 

Intensive  Farming. 

They  used  to  hayo  a  farming  rule 
Of  forty  acres  and  a  mule. 

Results  were  won  by  later  men 
With  forty  square  feet  and  a  hen. 

And  nowadays  success  we  see 
With  forty  inches  and  a  bee. 

— Wasp. 


FOR  ALL  THE  FAMILY 
ALL  THE  YEAR ! 

You  would  dress 
in  the  height  of 
fashion  if  you  could. 

And  you  may  I 
Select  the  famous 
Serpentine  Crepe 

for 

Spring 
and 

Summer 
street 
and 
outing 

dresses,  gowns,  loung¬ 
ing  robes,  shirtwaists, 
kimonos,  wrappers, 
children's  dresses,  etc.  It’s  the  recognized  cotton 
crepe  of  highest  quality;  the  designs  are  artistic 
masterpieces  in  exquisite  color  combinations  that 
captivate  fastidious  women,  while  white,  black, 
gray  and  all  the  rich  and  effective  tints  make  Ser¬ 
pentine  CrSpe  of  greatest  use  for  all  the  family,  all 
the  time.  The  crinkle  is  permanent.  It  will  neither 
wear  out,  wash  out,  nor  stretch  out. 

The  longest  wear  and  greatest  crepe  value 

are  fully 'guar- iKpjilNanteed  by  this  Pacific  Mills 
trade  mark  on  every  piece  of  the  genuine. 

Look  for  it  and  refuse  the  imitations,  for 

beauty  and  economy’s  sake. 

If  your  dealer  doesn’t  carry  the  genuine  trade 
marked  Serpentine  Crgpe,  write  ns  for  free  .•  atopies 
of  fabric  and  list  of  dealers  who  will  supply  y„u. 

PACIFIC  MILLS  -  BOSTON,  MASS. 


10  DAYS  FREE  TRIAL 

We  ship  on  approval  without  n  rent 
deposit,  freight  prepaid.  DON’T 
PAY  A  CENT  if  you  are  not  satisfied 
after  using  the  bicycle  10  days. 

DO  HOT  BUY 

at  any  price  until  you  receive  our  latest 
art  catalogs  illustrating  every  kind  of 
bicycle,  and  have  learned  our  unheard  of 
prices  and  marvelous  new  offers. 

nuc  PPHT  is  all  it  will  cost  you  to 
Wilt  vkll  I  write  a  postal  and  every¬ 
thing  will  be  sent  you  free  postpaid  by 
return  mail.  You  will  get  much  valuable  in¬ 
formation.  Do  not  wait,  write  it  now 
TIRES,  Coaster  -  Brake  rear 
wheels,  lamps,  sundries  at  half  usual  prices. 

Mead  Cycle  Co,  Dept.  W80  Chicago 


FUMA 


5J,  It  i  1 1  s  Prairie  Logs, 
Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
and  Grain  I nsects. 
“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  yon  can  stop  their 

with  “Ftima  Carbon  Bisulphide  are  doing. 

EUWAKI)  R.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. 


014 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


May  20, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

HIGH  DAIRYING  IN  WALL  STREET 

The  common  report  is  that  Wall 
Street  farmers  keep  a  good  quality  of 
bulls  and  bears  at  pasture — feeding  the 
former  on  hayseeds  and  the  latter  on 
lambs.  Few  of  us  would,  from  choice, 
select  either  animal  for  a  milk  dairy,  yet 
the  Wall  Street  pastures  are  more  profit¬ 
able  than  the  “green  hillsides  of  home.” 
We  have  just  received  this  letter-  from 
Litchfield  Co.,  Conn. 

I  enclose  a  circular  which  may  interest 
you.  It  looks  as  if  agriculture"  were  be¬ 
coming  prosperous  if  it  can  find  its  way 
into  Wall  Street,  but  I  have  not  noticed 
that  farmers  in  my  neighborhood  are  get¬ 
ting  more  for  their  milk  than  before.  In 
fact,  I  was.  told  recently  that  the  man  who 
has  the  shipping  station  here,  had  cut  the 
price  to  one-quarter  cent  less  than  Xeu 
York  Stock  Exchange  price,  so  that  some 
shippers  have  left  him  and  are  sending 
their  milk  to  Bridgeport.  E.  D.  c. 

The  circular  referred  to  is  from  a 
New  York  broker  who  offers  for  sale 
stock  in  the  Sheffield  Farms-Slawson- 
Decker  Co.  This  company  sells  milk  in 
New  York  City — buying  from  farmers 
mostly  in  Southern  New  York.  The 

circular  offers  preferred  stock  in  this 
company  and  to  show  how  good  an  in¬ 
vestment  it  will  be  makes  the  following 
statement : 

Year  Ending  Year  Ending 

Dec.  31,  1909  Dec.  31,  1910 

Gross  sales.  .  .$4,450,947.69  $5,394,071.90 

AJof  oovninnrc;  A  Ofi  1  O  70  A  rtA  OVkiY  A  O 


Net  earnings.  .  420,619. 78 

Depr  eciation 
and  other  de¬ 
ductions  ...  147,453.30 


450,806.48 


150,330.58 


Net  income.  .  .  $279,160.48 

Dividends  paid  122,439.80 


$300,469.90 

78,369.23 


Surplus  for 

year  .  $150,720.02 

Balance  sur¬ 
plus  brought 

forward  ..  .  797,568.59 


$222,100.07 

954,295.21 


SUBSTITUTE  FOR  CALF’S  MILK. 

Please  give  me  a  grain  mixture  to  feed 
young  calves  with  very  little  milk. 

Knox  Co.,  Me.  F.  H.  F. 

Oil  meal  and  wheat  middlings  are 
both  excellent  grain  feeds  for  young 
calves.  During  the  past  Winter  we 
raised  three  calves,  with  very  little 
skim-milk,  by  making  a  gruel  of  equal 
parts  by  weight  of  the  above  feeds.  Our 
method  is  to  mix  the  meals  dry,  adding 
a  pinch  of  salt,  then  stir  into  boiling 
water,  cook  a  few  minutes,  then  remove 
from  the  stove  and  add  what  milk  wq 
happen  to  have  left  over  from  our  cus¬ 
tomers.  If  oil  meal  alone  is  stirred  into 
boiling  water  it  is  apt  to  form  a  lumpy 
gruel,  but  when  mixed  with  middlings 
there  is  little  difficulty.  Both  cornmeal 
and  ground  oats  are  recommended  by 
some  authorities  for  young  calves.  If 
oatmeal  were  used  it  would  be  well  to 
sift  out  the  husk.  c.  s.  M. 


>3 


.!  **3 


V' 


Cow  comfort  and  cow  sanitation  result  in  more 
cow  profits,  and  that  alone  should  induce  any 
farmer  or  dairyman  to  seek  these  conditions. 
Louden  Sanitary  Steel  Stallsand  Stanch¬ 
ions  double  the  lightandair  in  a  barn  and  insure 
perfect  ventilation,  perfect  sanitation— a  result 
impossible  with  any  wooden  equipment.  Yet 

LOUDEN  STALLS  AND  STANCHIONS 

are  actually  cheaper.  Louden  stalls  of  heavy 
tubular  steel,  with  malleable  fittings,  have  no 
flat  surfaces  for  dust  to  accumulate — easy  to  keep 
clean  and  almost  indestructible. 

Louden  stanchions  give  cows  more  comfort 
than  other  makes,  yet  keep  them  perfectly  lined 
up.  Throat  chains  prevent  cows  from  lying 
down  when  milking.  Simple  and  very  durable. 
Latch  easily  opened  or  closed  with  gloved  hand, 
but  ean’v  be  opened  by  animal.  Send  today 
for  free  catalogue  of  sanitary,  money-saving 
barn  equipment. 

LOUDEN  MACHINERY  CO.,  601  Broadway,  Fairfield,  la. 


Total  surplus.  $954,295.21  $1,170,395.88 

It  also  states  that  during  the  year 
■  1910  the  net  profits  of  this  company 
were  reported  as  over  30  per  cent,  of 
the  stock  then  outstanding! 

Mr.  John  B.  Coleman,  who  conducted 
the  investigation  of  the  milk  business  in 
1909,  made  this  statement  last  year: 

The  Sheffield  Farms-Slawson-Decker  Com¬ 
pany,  which  was  incorporated  about  eight 
years  ago  for  the  sum  of  $500,000,  of 
which  $200,000  was  issued  for  tangible  as¬ 
sets  and  $300,000  for  good  will,  showed 
net  earnings  for  the  year  ending  February 
28,  1909,  after  deducting  all  charges  and 
expenses  of  every  kind  and  nature,  of  $22.1,- 
694.63,  aud  further  showed  net  earnings 
for  the  eight  mouths  ending  October  31, 
1909,  after  deducting  all  charges  and  ex¬ 
penses  of  every  kind  and  nature,  of  $257,- 
923.47,  which  is  over  120  per  cent  made  in  . 
eight  months  on  the  amount  originally  in¬ 
vested  in  this  company  eight  years  ago. 

In  the  meantime  this  same  company  has 
paid  on  its  capital  stock  over  12  per  cent 
dividends  each  year,  the  dividends  for  the 
year  1909  being  22  per  cent  and  it  has  in 
addition  rolled  up  a  surplus,  of  $962,027.02 
on  an  original  investment  of  $200,000. 
These  profits  were  also  made  during  the 
period  that  milk  was  selling  at  eight  cents 
a  quart. 

Now  you  want  to  -realize  just  what 
that  means.  This  company  is  not  pro¬ 
ducing  milk,  but  selling  it.  Mr.  Cole¬ 
man  says  it  had  $200,000  of  tangible  as¬ 
sets,  yet  it  has  kept  on  paying  big  divi¬ 
dends  and  at  the  same  time  piled  up  a 
surplus  nearly  six  times  as  large  as  its 
real  assets ! 

You  are  right — bulls  and  bears  are 
more  profitable  dairy  animals  than  any  of 
the  so-called  dairy  breeds  of  cows  yet  dis¬ 
covered.  Suppose  a  farmer  in  Delaware 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  has  a  farm  worth  $6,000  with 
stock.  He  pays  himself  a  good  salary 
as  manager  and  provides  good  wages 
for  mother  and  the  boys.  At  the  end  of 
10  years  spent  in  making  and  selling 
milk  he  finds  that  he  has  a  surplus  of 
$36,000  besides  paying  himself  some  $600 
a  year  in  “dividends.”  That  is  about 
what  Wall  Street  dairying  comes  to  only 
the  farmer  makes  the  milk  from  his 
cows  and  the  city  dairyman  sells  it. 
The  producer  gets  35  cents  of  the  dol¬ 
lar,  pays  the  cost  of  production,  and 
barely  keeps  himself  going.  The  handler 
gets  65  cents,  pays  big  dividends  and 
piles  up  a  surplus  six  times  as  large  as 
his  real  investment !  Wall  Street  dairy¬ 
ing  seems  to  beat  stone  wall  dairying.  '  * 

Cows  Leaking  Milk. 

What  will  prevent  cows  leaking  their 
milk?  R.  L.  w. 

New  York. 

Paint  the  ends  of  the  teats  with  flexible 
collodion,  coat  by  coat,  after  each  milking. 

a.  s,  A. 


A  SMALL  SUMMER  SILO. 

I  have  just  finished  fattening  00  steers 
to  feed  the  orchards,  and  used  silage  for 
part  feed  with  good  results,  and  now  I  ask 
for  information  as  to  its  use  for  Summer 
feeding.  We  cannot  afford  to  pasture  our 
high-priced  land ;  keep  one  cow  and  would 
like  to  keep  about  three,  and  think  I  would 
like  to  feed  say  about  10  pounds  per  head 
daily  to  half  a  dozen  horses  or  more.  Can 
I  successfully  feed  in  Summer  where  I  can¬ 
not  use  over  about  175  to  200  pounds  per 
day?  I  presume  many  others  are  interested 
in  this  also.  We  do  not  want  to  spend  the 
time  for  soiling,  hut  can  cut  the  ear  corn 
into  the  silo  “once  for  all”  and  feed  it  in 
loss  time  than  we  can  go  to  the  pasture 
for  the  cows,  and  then  our  cows  can  be  in 
cool  barn  away  from  flies  and  have  regu¬ 
lar  feed  and  water.  I  cannot  see  why  a 
light  feed  of  well-matured  and  well-pre¬ 
served  silage  is  not  a  good  feed  for  work 
horses.  The  great  obstacle  seems  to  be  that 
we  must  feed  a  certain  amount  per  day  to 
keep  it  fresh,  and  the  silo  would  have  to 
be  very  small  to  do  this  with  such  a  small 
amount  of  stock  to  feed. 

Ohio.  w.  W.  FARNSWORTH. 

This  is  one  of  the  problems  of  a  fruit 
farmer.  Manure  is  wanted  to  plow  un¬ 
der.  It  is  possible  to  grow  corn  in 
some  of  the  orchards,  but  not  practical 
to  furnish  pasture.  The  silo  makes  a 
good  place  for  the  corn  as  Winter  feed, 
but  will  it  answer  as  “barn  pasture”  for 
a  few  cows?  It  will  have  to  be  small, 
so  as  to  expo.se  as  little  surface  as  pos¬ 
sible  and  thus  prevent  spoiling.  What 
do  the  cow  men  say?  Is  Mr.  Farns¬ 
worth’s  plan  practical?  If  not,  why  not? 


AND  UP¬ 
WARD 


AMERICAN 

SEPARATOR 

SENT  ON  TRIAL,  FULLY 
GUARANTEED.  A.  new,  well 
made,  easy  running  separator  for 
$15.95.  Skims  hot  or  cold  milk: 
heavy  or  light  cream.  Different 
from  this  picture  which  illus¬ 
trates  our  large  capacity  ma¬ 
chines.  The  bowl  is  a  sanitary 
marvel,  easily  cleaned.  Whether 
dairy  is  large  or  small,  obtain  our 
handsome  free  catalog.  Address 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO. 


Box  1075 

BAINBRIDGE.N.Y. 


Death  the  Stomach 
Worms  Guaranteed 

"We  will  send  yon  100  lbs.  of  DR. 
HOLLAND’S  MEDICATED  STOCK 
SALT  on  60  days’  trial  freight 
prepaid.  If  you  derive  no  benefit. 
It  cofltR  you  nothing;  If  you  do,  It 
cost  a  you  $r>.00.  Glv©  us  your  or¬ 
der  at  once. 

The  HOLLAND  STOCK  REMEDY 
COMPANY,  Wellington,  Ohio. 


COW  TAIL  HOLDER 

Prevents  Switching  ol  Tail 
Simple- Effective- Our  able 
POSTPAID  1  6c  EACH 
Agents  Wanted 
WISHER  MFG.  CO., 

230  Greenwich  St.,  New  York 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


MAY  OFFERING 

of  Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford,  Conn.: 
Fantim’s  Zac  Taylor,  head  of  our  Guernsey  herd, 
is  offered  for  sale  to  avoid  inbreeding:  as  fine  an 
animal  as  stands  in  U.  S.:  guaranteed  perfect  in 
every  respect.  Also  one  Yeailing  Guernsey  Bull 
sired  by  above-named  bull  and  from  a  dam  produc¬ 
ing  42  44  pounds  of  milk  per  day,  testing  5. 4-5.0. 
Three  Registered  Berkshire  Hoars,  models  of  per¬ 
fection  in  form  and  points,  weighing  from  175  to  200 
pounds  each;  seven  months  old.  Four  unregistered 
but  full-blooded  C.  W.  Boars,  14  months  old:  all 
magnificent  animals;  must  be  sold  to  make  room. 
Guaranteed  Tuttle  Strain  S.  and  1).  C.  R.  1.  R.  Eggs 
for  hatching,  $1.00  per  15;  $5,00  per  100.  Imperial 
Pekin  Duck  Eggs,  $1.00  peril;  $7.00  per  100.  Two 
Registered  Jersey  Hull  Calves,  four  to  five  months 
old,  from  heavy  producing  stock  and  Pogis  blood. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Shall  We  Put  a 

SHARPLES 

Tubular  Cream  Separator 
Into  Your  Home 

This  is  your  chance  to 
learn,  without  cost,  the 
latest  and  best  in  cream 
separators.  The  Tubular  will  be  delivered  at 
your  home,  free,  will  be  set  up,  started,  and  left 
with  you  for  thorough,  free  trial. 

You  Pay  No  Freight — 
Pay  Nothing"  in  Advance 
— Take  No  Trouble  or 
Responsibility. 

See  for  yourself  that 
this  grand  machine  is 
later  than  and  entirely 
different  from  all  others. 
See  that  Dairy 
Tubulars  have 
neither  disks 
nor  other  contraptions,  pro¬ 
duce  twice  the  skimming 
force,  skim  faster  and  twice 
as  clean  as  others. 

Convince  yourself  that  Tubu¬ 
lars  last  a  lifetime  and 
repeatedly  pay  for  them¬ 
selves  by  saving  cream 
and  repairs  all  others  lose. 
Then  ask  yourself  if  you  can 
afford  any  “mail  order”  or 
other  ( so  called )  cheap 
machine,  old  style  in  construction,  that  lasts  one 
year  on  the  average.  Tubulars  are  guaranteed 
forever  by  America’s  oldest  and  world’s  biggest 
separator  concern.  Other  separators  taken  in  part 

paymentfor 
new  Tubu¬ 
lars.  Write 
for  catalog 
No.  1S3 


30 

yrs 


THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO. 

WEST  CHESTER,  PA. 

Chicago.  Ill.,  Han  Francisco,  Cal.,  Portland,  Ore. 
Toronto,  Can.,  Winnipeg  Can. 


BULLS  FOR  SALE 

We  offer  for  sale  at  our  farm  at  Earl- 
ville,  Madison  County,  New  York: — 

One  Registered  Guernsey  Bull,  age  1  year,  7  mos. 
One  Registered  Brown  Swiss  Bull,  age  1  year, 3  mos, 
One  Registered  Brown  Swiss  Bull, age  3  years, 9  mos. 
Address: 

BORDEN’S  CONDENSED  MILK  CO. 
Karlville,  Madison  County,  New  York 

W.  0.  Young,  Supt. 

HOLSTEINS 


■  YOUNG  MEN  WANTED  to  learn 

VETERINARY  profession.  Catalogue 
vlfree.  Grand  Rapids  Veterinary 
_j  College,  Dep.15,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


II  O 


SES 


Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 

at  farmers'  prices.  A  W.  GREEN,  Route  L 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Benna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  Oj 

TIIE  PERCIIEROX  SOCIETY  OF 
AMERICA 

Has  338  new  members  since  December  1st,  1910, 
exclusive  of  the  137  new  members  added  by 
taking  over  the  Percheron  Registry  Company, 
Columbus,  Ohio.  More  than  3500  stockholders 
March  15th,  1911.  The  only  recognized  Percheron 
record.  Good  pure  bred  mares  will  do  your  farm 
work  and  raise  more  valuable  colts  than  grade 
mares.  For  information  address  WAYNE 
DINSMORE,  Secretary,  Union  Stock  Yards, 
Chicago,  III. 


S 


E  13 


dale  Herd  of 


are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of-yonug  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELVOU,  Somerville,  N.  J. 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN  ASS  N  OF  AMERICA 
K.l —  HOUGHTON.SEC'Y.BOX  105.BRATTLEBORO,  VT. 

Robinson’s  HOLSTEINS  are  Producers 

They  are  Tuberculin  Tested.  Forty  just  fresh  and 
that  will  freshen  in  the  next  two  months,  with 
milk  records  from  8,000  to  12,000  lbs.  in  the  last 
year.  V.  I).  ROBINSON.  Edmeston,  N.  Y. 


DORSET  SHEEP 

A  splendid  lot  of  yearling  rams,  big  strong  fellows, 
lit  for  any  use.  Can  spare  a  moderate  number  of 
choice  ewes  with  lamb  at  side.  The  very  cheapest 
way  to  get  a  start  in  this  breed. 

CHARLES  B.  WING,  Box  23,  Mechanicsburg,  Ohio. 


D  O  &  S 


IF  PI  I  DC-From  imported  stock.  Females 

UULLIL  I  Ul  O  cheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 


S  1*7- I  3NT  IE 


REG.  HOLSTEIN  MALE  CALVES 


I 


Closely  related  to  champions  of  the  world 
at  farmers’  prices.  Fine  individuals,  nicely 
marked.  Fifty  per  cent  below  value. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Write  today. 

F.  H.  RIVENBURGH,  HILLHURST  FARM,  MUNNSVILLE,  N.  Y. 


I 


ALLAMUCHY  FARM  HOLSTEINS 

We  offer  well  bred  bull  calves  out  of  A.  R.  O. 
dams  at  reasonable  prices.  Send  for  list  before 
placing  your  order.  ALLAMUCHY,  N.  J. 


FOR  SALE-GRADE  GUERNSEYS  BSE.  T?. 


Registered  Holstein  Bulls  $1 

bulls  from  one  month  to  18  months  of  age.  Best  A. 
R.  O.  breeding  and  individuality.  State  your  wants. 

JARVIS  KILOS.  ....  Flycreek,  N.  Y. 


RED 

POLLED 

CATTLE 


CHOICE  STOCK  OF  EITHER  SEX 

at  SPRINGDALE  FARM 
Prices  reasonable 

E.  J.  ADAMS,  Adams  Basin,  N.  Y- 


LAUREL  FARM  JERSEYS 

breed  regularly,  and  their  calves  live.  Fern’s  Jubi¬ 
lee  still  beads  the  herd.  What  do  you  want  ? 

Will  also  sell  full  blooded  Morgan  filly,  coming 
2.and  a  beauty,  at  $100. 

J.  GRANT  MOUSE,  Hamilton.  N.  V. 


Iprcpu  Rill  I  Aged  14  months;  solid  color,  black 
JCIOGJ  DUII  points:  sired  by  Imported  What’s 
Wanted;  is  a  Fox  04779;  dam  one  of  our  best  cows, 
Maria  Amelia  186529,  giving  35  lbs.  of  54  milk. 

L,  T  BIRCHARI),  BirchardvIlle,  Pa, 


Breed  Up-Not  DownToT«“n'fiSdlv“ 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  U.  F. 
SHANNON,  SHJ7  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Milk  Prufllirprc  ,or  New  York  City  market 
iUlin  riUUUterfc  desiring  information  how  to 
form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 


QUROC  PIGS, $8.  White  Buff  Rocks  and  Leghorn 
eggs,  $2.  Serene  Wicks,  DeGraff,  Ohio. 

CHELDON  FARM  registered  Dtirocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
°  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BAKNKS.  Oxford.  N.  Y. 

nhpQtpr  WhitPQ  Enquiries  promptly  answered. 
UIIColCl  it II! Ico  Eugkne  T.  Black,  Seio,  N.  V. 

CTERIJNG  hill  FARMS— CHKSHIRE 
S  WINK— Orders  booked  for  Spring  Pigs  reg¬ 
istered  stock  and  grades;  large  litters  and  best  of 
breeding.  Bigelow  &  Swain,  Ogdensburg,  Sussex  Co..  N.J. 

LARGE  ENGLISH  YORKSHIRES. 

Last  Fall  Pigs  from  Prize  Winning,  Registered 
Stock,  for  sale  at  reasonable  prices. 

CHAS.  W.  SWITZER  -  -  SOUTH  EUCLID,  OHIO. 

LARGE  YORKSRIRE  PIGS  STEEL  HOG  TROUGHS 

Boars  ready  for  service  May  SI. 00  EACH 

15, 1911.  Chas.  H.  Emens,  Spring  Hill  Farm,  Binghamton,  N.Y. 

Alfalfa  Lodge  Yorkshires 

Short  Nose  Type,  March  Pigs. 

JOHN  G.  CURTIS  -  -  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

I  ARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD-Special  Offering 
L  of  Service  Boars.  Good  useful  Boars,  $30  to  $40. 
Fiuicy  Boars  for  the  breeder  and  exhibitor,  $50  and 
up.  1  hey  should  develop  into  800-pound  boars  at 
maturity.  H.  C.  &  H.  B.  HARPEN0ING,  Dundee,  N.  Y. 

SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES. -R;, ,“3 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON.  Pioprietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENNYAN,  N.Y 


LARGE  BERKSHIRES 

Not  the  cheapest,  but  the  best.  Special  offering  of 
Spring  pigs,  single  or  mated,  for  breeding.  Cata¬ 
logue  on  application. 

WILLOUGHBY  FARM,  Gettysburg!!,  Pa. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


616 


M  X  I_i 

The  Xew  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.41 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  2%  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-eent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


Most  of  the  milk  is  shipped  to  Cleveland 
from  Geauga  Co.,  also  from  Portage  and 
Cuyahoga  counties.  Farmers  get  14  cents 
per  gallon  for  their  milk  delivered  in  Cleve¬ 
land  and  the  peddlers  sell  it  out  at  seven 
cents  per  quart.  It  costs  the  farmer  iy2 
cents  per  gallon  to  get  it  to  Cleveland. 

Geauga  Lake,  O.  j.  a.  s. 


The  milk  dealers  in  the  East  seem  to  be 
organizing,  and  I  wish  it  reached  as  far 
as  Michigan,  for  we  have  to  sell  to  the 
creamery,  and  take  a  test  such  as  they 
choose. to  give  us  (which  isn’t  very  big  at 
any  time),  and  price  the  same  way.  Farm¬ 
ers  lost  so  much  on  lamb  feeding' the  past 
Winter  that  it  makes  one  feel  that  we 
would  like  to  see  farmers  organized  as  well 
as  those  we  have  to  sell  to.  a.  g.  w. 


Dairying  is  on  the  Increase  all  through 
this  section.  The  average  price  of  milk  for 
the  next  six  months  is  $1.25  per  100 
pounds.  There  are  no  farmers  going  out 
of  the  milk  business  that  I  know  of,  but 
some  who  stopped  a  few  years  ago  have 
commenced  again.  The  price  of  cows  is 
about  $75  for  grade  stock  and  from  that  to 
$150  for  purebreds.  The  pride  of  grain  is 
from  $3  to  $5  per  ton  cheaper  than  in 
former  years.  j.  a.  C. 

Rockdale,  N.  Y. 


The  milk  producers  are  now  trying  to 
organize  a  stock  company  to  include  all 
territory  that  ships  milk  to  Cleveland, 
which  covers  a  «radius  of  about  40  miles, 
each  stockholder  to  take  stock  by  his  prob¬ 
able  milk  product :  that  is,  if  he  produces 
one  can  -per  day,  his  stock  is  to  be  $25  ;  if 
two  cans  $50,  and  so  on,  always  according 
to  amount  of  milk  produced.  The  place  of 
business  is  to  be  in  Cleveland,  and  to  have 
sufficient  capital  to  purchase,  handle  and 
market  the  milk  of  its  stockholders,  paying 
them  a  nominal  price  and  distributing  to 
them  at  close  of  season  their  respective 
shares  of  the  net  surplus.  There  is  to  be 
a  director  to  attend  to  milk  at  each  main 
shipping  point.  By  this  means  the  farmers 
handling  their  product  at  both  ends  are 
likely  to  receive  for  their  product  what  be¬ 
longs  to  them.  Only  those  who  produce 
and  ship  milk  to  the  company  are  to  be 
stockholders,  and  those  wrho  enter  the  com¬ 
pany  are  pledged  to  stand  by  it.  sending  ; 
their  entire  product  for  a  definite  period. 
All  milk  in  this  vicinity  is  shipped  to 
Cleveland,  bringing  at  present  time  12  to 
13  cents  per  gallon,  with  a  deduction  of 
two  cents  per  gallon  for  freight.  When 
bottled  and  sold  to  the  consumer  in  Cleve¬ 
land  it  bringj  eight  cents  per  quart.  The 
farmer  has  had  no  voice  in  determining  the 
price  of  his  product.  Often  he  does  not 
know  just  what  price  he  is  receiving.  The 
dealer  fixes  the  price  and  changes  it  at  his 
will.  The  price  to  the  city  consumer  has 
remained  constant  during  the  past  Winter, 
and  three  times  within  the  last  four  months 
the  price  has  been  cut  to  farmers.  The 
price  has  been  entirely  in  the  hands  of  the 
purchaser.  I.  T. 

Cleveland,  O. 


them.”  This  is  no  new  story,  only  one  that 
is  growing  larger  year  by  year.  God  helps 
those  who  first  help  themselves.  Why  could 
not  the  farmer  be  his  own  trust,  and  sell 
his  own  milk?  The  dairymen  about  Bur¬ 
ton,  O.,  are  attempting  to  solve  this  ques¬ 
tion  and  are  forming  a  great  milk  holding, 
and  selling  company,  and  propose  to,  if  not 
handle,  have  an  equal  voice  in  saying  what 
the  price .  shall  be,  and  whether  contracts 
made  shall  be  lived  up  to,  and  without  re¬ 
bate.  The  sale  of  city  milk  is  a  matter  not 
controlled,  or  really  influenced  by  the  com¬ 
mercial  value  of  milk  for  butter  and  cheese 
making,  as  the  consumer  is  not  in  any  way 
related  to  the  great  dairy  markets,  and 
knows  no  change  of  price,  save  the  seven 
cents  in  Summer,  and  eight  cents  in  Win¬ 
ter.  hence  the  farmers  are  justified  in  the 
contention  that  cutting  the  Winter  prices 
without  a  corresponding  reduction  in  the 
city  retail  price,  is  not  warranted,  nor  capa¬ 
ble  of  justification.  So  all  success  to  the 
Geauga  County  milk  insurgents.  At  Ra¬ 
venna,  O.,  30  miles  south,  a  great  farmers’ 
cooperative  company  is  being  formed  to 
handle  all  of  the  farmers’  produce,  and 
do  his  buying  on  as  large  a  scale,  behind 
which  is  the  great  millionaire  capitalist, 
Dan  R.  Hanna,  and  out  of  which  it  is  ex¬ 
pected  that  the  farmer  will  get  more  than 
35  cents  of  the  consumer’s  dollar.  Of 
course  the  story  is  that  such  attempts  are 
soon  bound  to  come  to  grief,  but  the  fact 
is  that  this  company  will  contaiu  no  more 
stockholders  than  does  the  United  States 
Express  Company,  and  by  sticking  together 
they  every  year  harvest  an  important  and 
munificent  ’•melon”  crop.  Why  in  smaller 
degree  may  not  these  farmers  harvest 
‘‘Summer  squashes”  to  say  the  least? 

Ohio.  JOHN  GOULD. 


There  are  a  goodly  number  of  dairymen 
in  this  vicinity,  most  of  whom  sell  sweet 
cream,  for  which  we  receive  Elgin  prices 
for  shipment  to  Pittsburg,  Pa.  For  sour 
cream,  which  is  shipped  to  Cleveland  and 
there  made  into  butter  one  cent  below  El¬ 
gin  prices  is  received  by  the  dairymen. 
Those  who  sell  milk  receive  about  $1  per 
100  pounds ;  a  part  of  milk  is  bought  by 
Mr.  Hudson,  and  after  being  sterilized  is 
shipped  to  Pittsburg,  and  a  part  of  it  is 
bought  by  a  local  firm  and  manufactured 
into  sweitzer  cheese.  J.  w.  H. 

Ravenna,  O. 


“The  Portage  County  Farmers’  Supply  & 
Selling  Co.”  is  the  name  of  a  corporation 
organized  under  the  laws  of  the  State  of 
Ohio,  by  the  farmers  of  this  vicinity  for 
their  benefit.  Their  intentions  are  to  find 
a  better  market  for  their  produce  than  they 
have  at  present,  and  also  to  buy  their  sup¬ 
plies  direct  from  the  manufacturer,  thus 
cutting  out  the  middleman’s  share.  The 
milk  prices  here  are  not  very  uniform  as 
you  will  see.  The  price  down  town  this 
month  is  $1.00  per  hundred.  It  retails  at 
seven  cents  per  quart.  The  cheese  factories 
are  paying  SO  cents  per  hundred.  At  the 
condensery  near  here  they  pay  $1.15  per 
100.  Some  ship  their  milk  to  Cleveland 
and  got  in  April  14  cents,  May  11  cents  a 
gallon  delivered.  There  is  also  a  cream 
buyer  here  who  buys  the  cream  at  the 
houses  and  pays  Elgin  butter  prices  for 
the  butter  fat  that  it  contains,  e.  j.  p. 

Ravenna,  O. 


MILKING  THE  OHIO  MEN. 

The  milk  situation  in  northern  Ohio  since 
January  1  has  been  far  from  satisfactory 
as  to  price.  The  disappearance  of  all  our 
cheese  factories  and  creameries  has  thrown 
the  milk  into  the  city  trade,  and  the  bulk 
of  it  goes  to  Cleveland  and  Pittsburg.  The 
four  large  milk  companies  of  Cleveland  are 
now  merged  into  one,  even  the  great  ice 
cream  plant  is  part  of  its  holdings.  There 
are  many  independent  dipper  peddlers,  but 
they  follow  pretty  closely  in  the  wake  of 
the  big  company.  The  large  Cleveland  and 
Pittsburg  companies  have  many  stations  in 
this  territory,  where  milk  is  collected,  but 
these  pay  a  lower  price  for  milk  ;  as  exam¬ 
ple,  the  Winter  rate  for  city  milk  was  18 
cents,  but  only  15  cents  was  paid  for  10 
pounds  at  the  stations.  The  farmers  have 
ceased  to  have  any  say  as  to  prices,  terms, 
or  length  of  contract.  Last  Winter  it  was 
the  understanding  that  the  18-eent  rate  was 
to  continue  four  months,  but  this  “con¬ 
tract”  was  short  lived,  for  in  the  middle 
of  January  the  price  was  cut  about  two 
cents,  then  cut  again,  and  again,  and  before 
March  20  the  price  was  down  to  $1.05  for 
an  85-pound  can.  The  $1.50  rate  was  cut 
first  January  15  to  $1.40,  then  $1.30,  then 
in  February  another  cut  to  $1.10,  and  is 
now  $1.  During  all  this  time  the  retail 
price  of  milk  was  held  by  the  dealers  at 
strictly  eight  cents  a  quart.  Agreements 
were  not  to  be  talked  about.  If  the  farm¬ 
ers  got  two  and  three  cents  A  quart  for 
milk,  that  could  be  sold  for  eight  cents, 
“they  should  kiss  the  hand  that  smote 


A  NEW  SORT  OF  “HORSE  COMPANY.” 

I  have  been  an  interested  reader  of 
the  various  “horse  company”  articles 
appearing  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  during  the 
last  few  weeks.  I  know  of  a  Belgian 
stallion  that  was  sold  to  a  company  of 
ranchers  in  Wyoming  for  $3,000  that  has 
been  an  almost  total  loss.  Hence  no 
“horse  company”  for  me.  But  here  in 
Nebraska  a  new  plan  is  being  put  into 
effect,  that  seems  to  me  to  be  full  of 
promise.  Briefly  it  is  this :  The  Nor¬ 
folk,  Neb.,  Commercial  Club  is  import¬ 
ing  60  young  Belgian  mares  of  a  uni¬ 
form  type,  good  conformation  and  great 
weight,  which  are  to  be  sold  to  the 
farmers  about  the  neighborhood  at  exact 
cost.  The  club  is  also  bringing  over  two 
of  the  best  stallions  that  money  will 
buy,  and  will  keep  them  for  the  benefit 
of  the  farmers.  That  ought  to  produce 
results  as  well  as  some  fine  colts. 

Beatrice,  Neb.  J.  H.  T. 

R.  N.-Y. — It  ought  to  and  will.  It 
will  also  produce  more,  for  if  such  a 
plan  can  be  carried  out  fairly  it  will  lead 
to  other  forms  of  cooperation.  If  farm¬ 
ers  find  that  they  can  get  together  in 
buying  a  horse  so  as  to  squeeze  out  the 
bluff  and  fake  they  will  get  together  for 
other  purposes.  Then  they  will  see  the 
business  and  political  frauds  that  have 
been  living  on  them  like  leeches,  and 
they  will  do  the  rest.  True  cooperation 
is  the  hope  for  farmers.  They  must  be¬ 
gin  at  home,  with  neighbors  and  friends, 
and  learn  to  make  the  little  organizations 
complete  before  they  can  hope  to  make 
the  big  ones  go. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


TRADE 


in  Your  Old 
Separator 

for  a  New  DE  LAVAL 

More  than  15,000  users  of  inferior  and  worn-out  cream 
separators  of  various  makes  traded  them  in  last  year  on 
account  of  new  DE  LAVALS,  and  doubtless  there  are 

many  more  owners  of  such  machines 
who  will  be  glad  to  know  that  the 
DE  LAVAL  Company  still  considers  it 
good  business  policy  to  make  liberal 
“trade”  allowances  for  them.  While 
the  old  machines  are  worthless  the 
demonstrated  differences  help  the  sale 
of  many  new  DE  LAVAL  machines. 

Now  that  the  flush  of  milk  pro¬ 
duction  is  at  hand,  why  not  take 
advantage  of  this  opportunity  ?  See 
the  nearest  DE  LAVAL  agent,  and 
he  will  tell  you  how  much  he  can 
allow  on  your  old  machine  toward  the 
purchase  of  a  new  DE  LAVAL.  If 
you  don’t  know  a  DE  LAVAL  agent,  write  to  the  nearest 
DE  LAVAL  office  giving  make,  number  and  size  of  your 
present  machine,  and  full  information  will  be  sent  you. 

Important  to  Users  of 
Old  DE  LAVAL  Separators 

While  DE  LAVAL  machines  of  ten  or  twenty  years  ago 
are  much  superior  even  to  present  day  machines  of  other 
makes,  during  the  past  few  years  many  improvements  have 
been  incorporated  in  the  present  DE  LAVAL  machines  that 
make  them  simpler  in  construction,  easier  of  operation  and 
cleaning,  and  more  effective  in  skimming. 

Liberal  trade  allowance  will  be  made  by  any  DE  LAVAL 
agent  for  your  old  DE  LAVAL  toward  the  purchase' of  an 
up-to-date  machine.  It  will  pay  you  to  investigate.  Any 
DE  LAVAL  agent  will  be  glad  to  explain  the  new 
DE  '  LAVAL  improvements,  or  a  DE  LAVAL  catalog 
illustrating  and  describing  the  latest  styles  and  sizes  will  be 
sent  upon  request  of  nearest  DE  LAVAL  office. 

The  De  Laval  Separator  Co. 

165-167  Broadway  29  E.  Madison  Strbkt 

NEW  YORK  CHICAGO 


Dkumm  Jt  Sacramento  Sts. 

SAN  FRANCISCO 


173-177  W li.i.i am  Street 

MONTREAL 


14  St  16  Princess  Street 

WINNIPEG 


1016  W  K8TKKN  A  VUNUH 

SEATTLE 


Keep  Ho$s 


A  DIPPING  TANK  OR  A  HOG  WALLOW 

WITH 

KRESO  DIP  IN 2.1 

WILL  DO  THE  WORK 

THERE  IS  NO  EXCUSE  FOR  LOUSY  MANGY 
UNTHRIFTY  PIGS.  IF  YOU  HAVE  SOME 
OF  THIS  KIND  YOU  WILL  FIND  IT  WORTH 
WHILE  TO  GET  OUR  CIRCULAR  ON 
TANKS  AND  WALLOWS.  IT  TELUS 
HOW  TO  MAKE  THEM  OF  CEMENT 

KRESO  DIP  N2I 

IS  A  REAL  NECESSITY 

ABOUT  ALL.  LIVE  STOCK 
FOR  KILLING  LICE.TICKS, MITES, FLEAS. 
FOR  TREATING  SCAB.MANGE, RINGWORM, 
AND  OTHER  SKIN  DISEASES; 

TO  DISINFECT,  DEODORIZE, 
CLEANSE  ©c  PURIFV. 

ALL  OF  THESE  USES  FULLY  DESCRIBED 
IN  OUR  BOOKLETS.  WRITE  FOR  COPIES 
ASK  YOUR  DRUGGIST  FOR  KRESO  DIP  NO.I 

PARKE, DAVIS  8c  CO. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY. 


DETROIT, 


MICH. 


mAWAY  TOOLS 


WILL  INCREASEYOUR  CROPS 

25 %  to  50%.  Take  place  of  plow  and 
harrow.  Thousands  in  use.  Save  time, 
Inborand  money.  Endorsed  by  success¬ 
ful  farmers,  dairymen  and  orchardists. 
Send  today  for  our  new  book  “Intensive 
Cultivation."  It’s  free. 

CUTAWAY  HARROW  CO. 

839  Main  St.  Higgannm,  Conn. 


NEWTON’S  HEAVE 

COUCH,  DISTEMPER  I  IDE* 

AND  INDIGESTION  vUl\t 

The  firsjor  second  $1.00  can  cures  Heaves.  The  third 
can  is  guaranteed  to  cure 


The  Standard  V eterinary  Remedy. 
Makes  the  Horse  Strong  and  Willing  to  Work. 

CURES  HEAVES  BY  CORRECTING  THE  CAUSE 
which  Is  Indigestion.  Send  for  booklet  “Horse  Troub- 
les."  Explains  fully  about  the  Wind,  Throat,  Stomach 
and  Blood.  Newton’sissafef  or  colt,  adultor  marein  foal 
A  GRAND  CONDITIONER  AND  WORM  EXPELLER 
#t.OO  a  can  at  dealers,  or  express  prepaid 
THE  JSEWTOJi  REMEDY  CO.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


Will  reduce  inflamed,  strained, 
swollen  Tendons,  Ligaments, 
Muscles  or  Bruises,  Cure  the 
Lameness  and  stop  pain  from  a 
Splint,  (Side  Bone  or  Bone  Spavin. 
No  blister,  no  hair  gone.  Horse  can  be 
used.  $&  a  bottle  delivered.  Describe 
your  case  for  special  instructions  and 
,  Book  2  E  free. 

ABSORBINE,  Jit.,  the  liniment  for  mankind. 
Reduces  strained,  torn  ligaments,  enlarged  glands, 
veins  or  muscles— heals  ulcers— allays  pain.  Price 
81.00  a  bottle  at  dealers  or  delivered. 

W.F.Y0UNG, P.D.F.,  88Temple St., Springfield, Mass. 


Before  After 


Calf  Scours  EfuSS.c“.r?d 

CRELOLL 

No  Failures  Guaranteed 

Also  the  only  known  remedy  for 
WHITE  DIARRHOEA  in  poultry. 
Caledonia  Chemical  Co.,  Caledonia,  N.  Y. 


©16 


May  20, 


The  Henyard. 


THAT  HEN  CONTEST. 

Mr.  W.  J.  Dougan  sends  the  follow¬ 
ing  additional  report  of  the  two  pens 
of  hens : 

Report  No.  3. 

Record  of  10  Wyandottes. 

I  am  sending  you  report  of  the  Wyan- 
do'ttes  for  the  first  part  of  April,  1st  to 
15th.  During  that  time  they  have  con¬ 
sumed  or  have  left  in  hoppers : 

15  lbs.  cracked  corn  at  $1.25  per  100. . .  .19 

3  Vi  lbs.  oats  at  $1.50  per  bag . 05 

GVi  lbs.  mixed  feed  at  $1.55  per  100...  .10 
7  lbs.  oyster-shell  at  70  cents  per  100..  .05 
5  lbs.  bran  at  $1.75  per  100 . 09 

4  lbs.  wheat  screenings  at  $1.55  per  100.  .00 

.54 

During  that  time  they  have  laid  87  eggs, 
11  of  which  were  too  light  for  setting  and 
were  sold  for  45  cents  per  dozen,  and  three 
cracked  and  used  by  family.  They  run  at 
large  every  fifth  day  for  five  hours. 

W.  J.  DOUGAN. 

Up  to  April  1  the  hens  had  cost  $1.96 
and  bid  107  eggs.  This  report  adds 
54  cents  cost  and  87  eggs,  or  a  total  of 
$2.50  cost  and  194  eggs.  This  means  a 
cost  of  1.28  cent  per  egg.  The  eggs 
actually  sold  thus  far  are  worth  at  local 

prices  $1.04. 

Record  of  10  Leghorns. 

Following  is  report  of  Leghorns  (10  hens 
and  one  rooster)  from  April  1st  to  15th 
inclusive.  During  that  time  they  have  con¬ 
sumed  or  have  left  in  hoppers : 


15  lbs.  cracked  corn  at  $1.25  per  100..  .19 

3x  lbs.  oats  at  $1.50  per  bag . 05 

6%  lbs.  mixed  feed  at  $1.55  per  3  00.  .  .  .10 
6  Vi  lbs.  oyster-shell  at  70  cents  per  100.  .05 

5  lbs.  wheat  bran  at  $1.70  per  100 . 09 

4  lbs.  wheat  screenings  at  $1.55  per  100.  .06 


$.54 

During  that  time  they  have  laid  78  eggs, 
12  of  them  being  unfit  for  hatching  were 
sold  for  45  cents  per  dozen.  The  hens  run 
at  large  every  fifth  day  for  five  hours. 

w.  J.  DOUGAN. 

In  the  last  report  the  hens  had  cost 
$1.60,  which  now  makes  a  total  of  $2.14. 
The  total  of  eggs  is  190  at  a  feed  cost 
of  1.13  cents  each.  Light  and  cracked 
eggs  have  brought  $1.05. 


THE  EGG  EATING  HABIT. 

We  find  that  the  best  method  is  carefully 
to  watch  the  hens  and  gather  the  eggs  as 
soon  as  laid,  also  provide  dark  nests  with 
plenty  of  nest  material.  If  this  does  not 
succeed  in  breaking  them,  fill  an  egg  with 
red  pepper  and  bread  and  let  her  eat  that, 
which  occasionally  stops  the  habit. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARSI. 

New  York. 

In  forcing  our  layers  for  Winter  eggs 
large  quantities  of  curd,  “Dutch  cheese,” 
are  used,  and  when  extreme  forcing  is  re¬ 
sorted  to,  soft-shelled  and  thin-shelled  eggs 
are  the  result  in  spite  of  all  our  efforts,  and 
this  induces  egg-eating ;  but  we  have  always 
been  able  to  prevent  the  habit  spreading 
through  the  flock.  If  the  whole  flock  were 
getting  the  habit  we  would  make  all  nests 
dark,  use  no  nest  eggs,  keep  constant  watch, 
removing  eggs,  and  if*  a  hen  is  caught  with 
an  egg  or  breaking  one,  banish  her ;  keep 
bone,  shell  and  grit  constantly  before  them. 
Provide  plenty  of  green  food  and  compel 
exercise.  Try  to  remove  the  cause — poor 
shells — and  by  close  watching  removing  the 
leaders  would  expect  to  effect  a  cure.  I 
never  tried  “doctoring”  an  egg,  and  would 
have  no' faith  in  its  doing  any  good. 

Ohio.  F.  N.  ADAMS. 

I  have  known  individual  hens  to  be 
cured  of  the  egg-eating  habit  by  being 
tkaen  from  the  flock  and  penned  by  them¬ 
selves,  being  fed  a  large. proportion  of  meat 
scrap  in  their  mash  and  also  having  a 
hopper  available  with  meat  scrap  in  it  for 
a  week  or  10  days,  and  then  put  back  with 
the  flock.  While  this  does  not  always  effect 
a  cure,  it  will  in  most  cases.  As  to  the 
probability  of  curiug  a  whole  flock  of  the 
habit  when  they  have  once  contracted  it,  I 
should  very  much  doubt  the  possibility  of 
doing  it,  and  particularly  so  if  the  flock 
were  composed  of  any  of  the  Mediterranean 
varieties.  My  experience  with  them  has 
been  that  they  are  much  more  apt  to  con¬ 
tract  the  habit  and  harder  to  break  of  it 
than  the  American.  If  I  had  a  flock  that 
had  contracted  the  habit,  I  would  try  to 
isolate  as  far  as  possible  the  individuals 
that  I  knew  had  already  become  addicted 
to  it,  and  pen  them  by  themselves,  giving 
them  a  surfeit  of  animal  food.  The  re-  ! 
mainder  of  the  flock,  I  should  also  give  at 
least  a  double  proportion  of  animal  food. 
This  would  prevent  those  that  had  already 
concentrated  the  habit  from  teaching  the 
others,  and  would  probably  result  in  a 
greater  proportion  of  them  being  cured.  To 
sum  up  the  matter,  it  has  been  my  experi- 


THE  R.  15  R. -A.lv  NEW-YORKER 

ence  that  fowls  that  have  an  abundance  of 
animal  food  do  not  contract  the  habit  of 
egg-eating  except  in  very  rare  cases. 

New  York.  Sinclair  smith. 


Big  Eggs. — That  man  who  tells  about  the 
big  eggs  is  away  behind.  I  get  them  regu¬ 
larly  that  would  compare  well  with  that, 
but  here  is  a  big  one !  You  will  need  a, 
grain  of  salt  with  it.  I  have  forgotten  the 
dimensions,  as  it  was  seven  or  eight  years 
ago  that  I  got  it.  It  weighed  between 
seven  and  eight  ounces  and  had  a  normal 
sized  egg  inside.  Nothing  but  hens  on  the 
farm  when  this  freak  came.  I  sent  the 
shell  to  the  Cornell  poultry  department. 
The  proof  of  it  is  looking  at  it  there. 

New  York.  F.  u.  tibbetts. 

I  see  on  page  532  A.  C.  Durgin  speaks  of 
getting  fine  clover  for  chicken  feed  by  using 
a  flail.  We  run  some  Alfalfa  through  an 
old-fashioned  thrasher ;  it  beats  a  flail,  es¬ 
pecially  if  one  desires  to  mix  it  in  a  wet 
mash.  The  first  that  drops  through  the 
shaker  is  like  fine  feed,  the  next  is  a  little 
coarser,  and  fine  for  wetting  as  green  feed, 
and  the  rest  the  stock  will  not  refuse  if 
you  can  give  them  a  chance  to  eat  it.  Of 
course  I  use  what  leaf  droppings  I  can 
gather,  but  that  does  not  give  enough  for  a 
large  number  of  fowls.  I  use  both  clover 
and  Alfalfa.  I  know  of  a  man  who  has  to 
buy  all  of  his  stuff,  who  uses  clover  as  a 
litter.  w.  g. 

New  Jersey. 

Good  R.  I.  Reds. — We  have  30  R.  C.  R.  I. 
Red  pullets  at  our  place  at  White  Plains, 
hatched  in  April  and  May  last  year.  They 
began  to  lay  in  November  but  no  record 
was  kept  of  the  number  of  eggs,  but  in 
December,  January  and  February  there  was 
a  record  kept  and  in  90  days  they  laid 
1,800  eggs,  or  150  dozen.  One  of  these 
pullets  began  to  get  broody  about  Febru¬ 
ary  10;  on  the  15th  we  gave  her  15  eggs, 
she  brought  off  13  chicks,  and  on  April  3 
began  laying  again.  Another  one  hatched 
in  April,  began  to  get  broody  about  the 
first  of  March,  and  on  the  5th  gave  her 
15  eggs;  she  brought  off  12  chicks,  and  on 
April  15,  three  weeks  from  the  time  she 
came  off  her  nest,  she  began  to  lay  again. 
If  there  is  anyone  raising  fancy  poultry 
that  can  beat  this  record  I  would  like 
to  hear  from  them.  J.  c.  c. 

New  York. 

A  Duck  of  a  Duck.— I  have  an  Indian 
Runnirr  duck  which  appears  to  me  to  be 
quite  a  remarkable  bird.  I  have  read  a 
good  many  chicken  stories  that  taxed  my 
credulity  to  the  limit,  and  it  is  quite  proba¬ 
ble  that  many  who  read  the  following 
statement  will  not  believe  it.  The  duck 
referred  to  has  laid  98  eggs  during  the  past 
96  consecutive  days,  and  the  indications 
are  that  she  will  extend  this  wonderful  rec¬ 
ord  still  further  before  taking  a  rest.  I 
do  not  ascribe  this  abundant  yield  to  my 
method  of  feeding  and  care,  but  rather  to 
the  exuberance  of  her  productive  nature. 
Eggs  are  large  and  white.  Have  never 
been  able  to  catch  her  on  the  nest  but 
twice.  I  attach  affidavit.  e.  s.  king. 

Maryland. 

It.  N.-Y. — Mr.  King  sends  a  signed  affi¬ 
davit  in  support  of  his  statement. 


ROOFING 


TO  buy  a  roofing-  that  requires 
painting  is  inviting  trouble. 
Painted  roofings  are  as  out  of 
date  as  the  harvester  machinery  of 
thirty  years  ago. 

The  roofing  of  to-day  needs  no 
painting.  That’s  one  of  its  great 
features. 

If  you  are  still  using  the  “old  rub¬ 
ber  kind”  the  kind  that  requires 
painting  every  year  or  two  to  keep 
it  tight,  we  want  to  tell  you  about 
Ainatite;  why  it  needs  no  painting ; 
why  it  wears  longer  than,the  “smooth 
surfaced”  roofings,  and  why  it  costs 
less. 

YvTe  want  to  send  you  a  sample  so 
that  you  can  see  what  a  solid,  sub¬ 
stantial  waterproof  roofing  Amatite 
really  is.  Write  to-day.  Address 
nearest  office. 

Barrett  Manufacturing  Co. 

New  York  Chicago 
Philadelphia  Boston 
Cincinnati  Minneapolis 
Cleveland  St.  Louis 
Pittsburg  New  Orleans 
Kansas  City  London,  Eng. 


Seattle 


What’s  the  use  hatching  chicks 

if  you  can’t  raise  ’em? 

'THE  INTERNATIONAL  SANITARY  HOVER  is  essential  to  successful 
brooding  of  chickens.  It  is  indispensable  to  the  farmer  with  a  few 
chicks  or  to  the  poultry  man  with  thousands  to  raise.  Both  give  testimony 
to  the  wonderful  results  attained  with  this  hover.  Don’t  continue  with 
your  old  equipment  and  take  any  chances  this  year. 

This  nearest  to  nature  hover — The  International  Sanitary — is  built 
entirely  of  metal,  and  will  last  20  years.  The  hover  heat  from  above 
is  greatest  near  hover  curtain.  Consequently  no  crowding,  and  chicks 
do  not  pile  in  the  center.  Every  chick  has  a  chance  under  this  hover. 

Vermin-proof,  lice-proof,  dirt-proof.  Steady  hen  heat,  without  drafts 
and  no  possibility  of  foul  air,  gases  or  smoke  getting  to  chicks.  No  expen¬ 
sive  brooder  equipment  necessary  with  these  hovers.  Can  be  set  in 
barn,  box— anywhere. 

“You  might  be  interested  in  the  successful  way  in  which  the 
International  Sanitary  Hover  acted.  We  had  a‘ lute  hutch  in 
August,  of  forty-two  chicks,  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  I  state 
that  today,  (Sept.  22)  we  have  the  same  number  living.” 

(Signed)  J.  I!.  ] la  Hock, 

l’ine  Top  Poultry  Farm,  Hartwood,  N.  Y. 

Write  today  for  Hover  catalogue  and  convincing  testimonials. 

INTERNATIONAL  POULTRY  SALES  CO.,  Box  38.  Browns  Mills,  N.  J. 


Buckeye 

No-Yard  - 

Poultry’' 
House^ftai 

s25 


W  It’s  Portable 


6%  It. high. 

The  modern  way  to  keep  chickens.  They  never 
Wr  run  at  large  to  destroy  your  garden  or  bother  your 
^neighbors.  Eliminates  disease  and  keeps  the  hens 
laying  the  year  round.  Big  enough  for  20  hens. 
Made  of  heavy  one-inch  lumber  with,  weather-proof 
galvanized  steel  roof.  Complete  with  roosts,  nests 

rand  dropping  board  all  read..-  to  use.  Beautifully  finished. 
Ar  ornament  tc  any  property.  You  couldn't  buy  the  material 
and  labor  to  build  this  house  at  % 25.  We  will  prove  that  by 
selling  them  on  40  days  trial  and  will  return  your  money 
it  you  arc  not  satisfied.  Immediate  shipment  guaranteed. 
Our  book  “The  Modern  Method  of  Poultry  Keep¬ 
ing”  sent  to  you  free.  Full  of  vuluuhle  information. 

TIIE  BUCKEYE  INCUBATOR  CO. 

508  Euclid  Ave.  Springfield,  O, 

•55  Buys  Best 
140-Egg  Incubator 

Doublecasos  all  over; best  copper 
tank;  nursery,  sell-regulating. 
Best  110-chick  hot-water  brooder, 
$4.85-  Both  ordered  together, 

$11.50.  Freight  prepaid  (E.  of 
Rockies). 

Nomachines 
at  any  price 
aro  better.  Satisfaction  guar¬ 
anteed.  Write  for  book  today 
or  send  price  now  and  sa  ve  tl  me. 

Belle  City  Incubator  Company,  Box 


NEW  POULTRY  BOOK 

■  A,  ^%BBX  Conkey’s new.  big.  SO-pnge  illus- 
j  |  |  §T  1I||T  trnted  guide  for  beginners,  and 
reference  for  experienced  poul- 
tr.vmen.  Up-to-date  housing  methods,  feeding,  hatch¬ 
ing,  saving  the  chicks;  how  to  prevent  and  treat 
disease.  Chickens,  turkeys,  ducks,  geese.  There’s  a 
copy  for  you  for  the  asking.  Send  name,  also  name  of 
nearest  poultry  supply  dealer,  and  4c  (stamps)  for  postage. 

THE  G.  E.  CONKEY  COMPANY 
G9  Commercial  Bldg.  (45)  Cleveland,  Ohio 


SH  E  P  H  E  It  l>— Not  Collies— Black,  with  white 
PUPPIES  and  yellow  points,  $3.00  each. 
EGGS  FOR  HATCHING  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns 
and  Indian  Runner  Ducks  at  farmers’  prices. 

E.  O.  FORMAN, 

Po’keepsie,  N.  Y.  -  -  It.  F.  I).  No.  1, 

Pfl  II I  TR  YM  C  M—  Don’t  fail  to  secure  Stock  and 
rUULI  ll  I  III  Lit  Kggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Marietta,  Pa. 


RICHLAND  FARMS. 

Breeders  and  Exhibitors 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS, 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  HOCKS, 

S.  C.  BLACK  OltPINGTONS. 


HATCHING  EGGS 
Half  Price  After  May  1st. 

S.  C.  White  Leghorns. 
One  Setting.  15  eggs  $1.00 
Two  Settings,  30  eggs..  1.75 

One  hundred  eggs .  4.00 

One  thousand  eggs . 35.00 

White  Plymouth  Rocks 
&  S.  C.  Black  Orpingtons 
1  Setting,  15eggs,$1.25&$2.50 

100  eggs . $7.00 & $14.00 

Fertility  Guaranteed. 
HIGHLAND  FARMS, 


BABY  CHICKS. 
100  or  less,  each. ...15c 
500  or  more,  eacli  12bSe 
White  Plymouth 
Rocks  &  S..C.  Black 
Orpingtons. 

100  or  less,  each _ 25c 

We  guarantee  safe 
arrival  of  chicks  in 
first-class  condition. 
Frederick ,  Md. 


LAKEHILL  FARM 

W.  H.  THACHEll. 

Single  and  Rose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W.  P.  Rocks 
and  Imp.  Pekin  Ducks.  Cockerels  and  Ducks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  in  any  quantity  from  $2  up. 
Chicks,  $15  per  100.  Ducklings,  $25  per  100.  Write 
for  special  prices  in  large  lots.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  of  hatching  eggs  and  day  old  chicks 
and  ducklings.  Safe  delivery  and  satisfaction 
guaranteed.  CAUL  W.  Ll.OYI),  Mgr,, 

Hillside.  Westchester  County.  N.  Y. 


SO  UfHITE  LEGHORNS,  Barred  Plymouth  Hocks, 
u  U ■  Vf  Mammoth  White  Pekin  Ducks.  Stock 
hatching  eggs,  chicks,  ducklings.  Circular.  Est.1904 
Above  Poultry  Farm,  Chatham,  Mortis  Co.  N.  J. 


Bonnie  Brae  White  Leg- 


ARE  BETTER 

horns  and  Pekin  Ducks 

ready;  also  some  choice  matings  of  Barred  and 
White  Plymouth  Rocks,  Rose  Comb  White  Leg¬ 
horns,  White  Wyandottes,  Single  and  liose  Comb 
Rhode  Island  Reds,  Light  Brahmas,  Mammoth 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Pearl  Guinea  Fowl.  Orders 
for  early  settings  and  baby  chicks  now  hooked. 
Get  some  prize  matings  at  right  prices.  BONNIE 
BRAE  POULTRY  FARM,  NEW  ROCHELLE,  N.  Y.  Largest 
successful  plant  in  New  York  vicinity.  TO, 000-egg 
capacity.  Agents  for  Cyphers  Incubator  Company. 
Correspondence  invited. 


pill  I  ETC— S.  C.  W.  LEGHORNS-Booking  orders 
rUE_L.&  I  J  future  delivery.  Hatching  eggs  from 
vigorous  birds  for  prompt  shipment.  Limited 
number  choice  breeders.  Lakewood  and  Youngs 
strains.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington,  N.  J. 


S.  G.  White  Leghorn  BABY  CHICKS 

$10  per  100  in  any  quantity.  Breeders  are  vigorous 
yearlings  and  2-year-olds.  Circular.  VANCRKST 
POULTRY  FARM.  Salt  Point,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y. 


EMPIRE  STATE  S.  C.  WHITE  LFGHORNS 

Winners  at  N.  Y.  State  Fair.  Heavy  layers;  trios. 
$5.  Eggs  for  hatching,  $1  for  15,  $5  for  100.  Cata¬ 
logue  free.  C.-H.  ZIMMER,  Weedsport,  N.  Y. 

Buff,  Wli.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  S.  C.  It .‘I.  Red. 
Eggs,  OOe.  per  15,  $1 .50  per  30.  $2.75  per  60,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  Pa. 

BABY  CHICKS,  10c.  EACH 

From  free-range  selected  S,C. WhiteLeghorns  in  any 
quantity:  safe  arrival  guaranteed.  Circulars  free. 

Chas.R.  Stone,  Baby  Chick. Farm,  Staatsburg-on-Hudson,N.Y. 

WYCKOFF-BLANCHARD  strains  Single-Comb 
White  Leghorns,  $1.25  setting.  Heavy  laying 
|  Rose-Comb  Black  Minorcas,  $1.50  setting.  Circular. 
HIGH  RIDGE  POULTRY  FARM,  Laurel.  Md. 

Q  D  EGGS  $1.00 — Trading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
iU  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Large  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 

Indian  Runner  Duel.*,  $4  perpair,  front  200-egg  strain. 
Eggs,  $1.00  and  $2.00  per  12.  C.  GORDON,  Sprakers,  N.  Y. 

WHITE  EGG  STRAIN  INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS-Thor- 

oughbrnd,  vigorous  birds.  Wonderful  layers 
of  large  white  eggs;  mated  with  imported  drakes, 
well  marked,  fawn  and  white;  $2.00  for  15;  Buff 
Orpingtons,  $1.50  for  15.  Liberal  discount  for  incu¬ 
bator  eggs.  Cherry  Hill  Farms,  Pittstown.  N.  J. 


Racine,  WisconUB 


BUFF  ORPINGTON  DUCKS  iK»rar»s»s 

B.  O.  Ducks,  the  world  greatest  layers;  have  twice 
won  Australian  laying  contests.  My  ducks  have 
three  years  unbeaten  show  record.  List  furnished. 

DUNR015IN  FAliM,  Chatham,  New  jersey 

EGGS — $1  p»*r  15,  $2  |»or  40  of  Thor.  Brahma*.  Rocks,  Wyan¬ 
dot  l  es,  Ked«,  Mfnorcas,  Houdans,  Leghorns,  Ham  burgs;  19  vor., 
28  years’  experience.  Catalogue.  S.  K.  Mohr,  Coopersburg,  La. 

SP  Rhplf  Minnrrao— can’t  be  beat— 
.  ll.  DldbR  M IIIUI  bdb  Eggs,$3  for  15.  CHESTER 
SWIGART,  Goshen  Poultry  Farm,  R.F.D.,  Fulton  House.  Pa. 

DAVIS  S.  C.  REDS 

200  EGG  STRAIN  Prices  reduced  after  May  1 

EGGS  utility,  $5.00  per  100;  $1.00  per  13, 


Special  Matings,  $1.50  per  13;  $3.00  per  100. 


Mammoth  Hot  Water  Incubator  Chicks,  $15.00  per  100 

DAVIS  POULTRY  FA  KM,  llerlin.  Mass. 

Hunn  Lake  Poultry  Farm  f?"f fS&l  .ff-fiAo1; 

White  Wyandotte  Chicks,  $12  per  100.  Kggs.tSper  100. 

Van  Alstyne’s  Rhode  Island  Reds 

10  L'tility  Cockerels  at  $3.00  each;  100  S.  C.  Year¬ 
ling  Hens  at  $2.00  each;  50  S.  C.  surplus  Pullets  at 
$2.50  each.  Eggs  for  hatching  in  any  number. 

JAS.  E.  YAN  ALSTYNE,  Kinderhook,  N.Y. 

THE  FARMER’S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  P.eds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  TflOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 


Eggs  For  Hatching' 


— R.  C.  Rhode 
Island  Reds— 
Indian  Runner  Ducks.  High-class  stock — 
utility,  show  or  export  SINCLAIR  SMITH,  602 
Fifth  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

WHITE  W YAND OTTES^“^sfbfen°Dbredab^ 

me  for  12  years.  Large,  fine  birds,  splendid  layers. 
Have  been  winning  for5  years.  Eggs,  high  fertility, 
100, $5.00.  Sitting, $1.00.  WILLIAM  0.  BURR.  Fairfield,  Conn. 


W1 


PRIZE  WINNING  STRAINS! 


RIGHT’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTE  W  INNERS 
—Baby  Cliix,  June  Hatch,  $11  per  LOO;  $6  per  50. 
GRAND  VIEW  FARM,  -  Stanfordville,  N.  Y. 

rpnO-MAMMOTH  BRONZE  TURKEYS. 
SlU  Uu  Pearl  Guineas,  Indian  Runner  Ducks  and 
Barred  Plymouth  Rocks.  Write  forFree 
Price  List.  C.  ADELL  KAYNER,  West  Falls,  N.  Y. 

Barred  Rocks. 
White  Wyan¬ 
dottes,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  both  combs,  Single 
Comb  White  and  Brown  Leghorns,  eggs  $1.50,  15; 
$7.00,  100.  Light  and  Dark  Brahmas,  $2.00,  15.  Cat- 
alog  gratis  F.  M.  PRESCOTT.  Riverdale,  N.  J. 

SPECIAL  OFFER— White  Rock  Eggs.  $1  11  15;  $5  H  100. 
Partridge  Cochin  Eggs,  $1.25  3  15;  $6.00  1»  100. 
Partridge  Wyandotte  Eggs.  $1.00  11  15;  $5.00  11  100. 
Barred  Rock  Eggs.  $1.25  1115;  $7.00  11  100. 

Fresh  eggs  from  good  stock,  free  range  and  healthy. 

Circular  prices  hold  on  your  choice  of  matings. 
MINCII  BROS.,  R-2,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 


EGGS 


from  high  record  W.  P.  Rock  Hens,  $2 
for  15,  $5  for  45.  Incubator  eggs  $6  per 
100.  A.  S.  BRIAN,  Mt.  Kisco,  N.  Y. 


Kills  All  Ticks 

ONE  DIPPING 


►  84  years  experience  prove  truth  of  this  < _ 

statement.  Every  tick  and  nit  absolutely 
destroyed  if  you  use 

Cooper  Dip 

The  only  dip  that  kills  ALL  ticksin  ONE  dipping— 
Cooper’s  Is  sure  scab  destroyer.  Increases  growth 
and  improves  quality  of  wool .  Perfect  skin  tonic. 
Results  considered  Ischeapestdip  on  market.  Used 
on  300  million  sheep  annually.  Handsome  Calen¬ 
dar  and  booklet  free  if  you  mention  this  paper. 

Prices:  25  gal.  pkt.  50c  100  gal.  pkt.  $1.75 

Ask  your  druggist  or  write 

SCHIEFFELIN  &  CO. 

,  170  Williams  Street  New  York  City „ 


3911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


(317 


i 


FEEDING  PROBLEMS. 

Under  this  heading  vee  endeavor  to  give  advice 
and  suggestions  about  feeding  mixtures  of  grains 
and  fodders.  No  definite  rules  are  given,  but  the 
advice  is  based  upon  experience  and  average 
analyses  of  foods.  By  ‘••protein”  is  meant  the 
elements  in  the  food  which  go  to  make  muscle  or 
lean  meat.  “Carbohydrates”  comprise  the  starch, 
sugar,  etc.,  which  make  fat  and  provide  fuel  for 
the  body,  while  “fat”  is  the  pure  oil  found  in 
foods.  Dry  matter”  means  the  weight  of  actual 
food  left  in  fodder  or  grain  when  all  the  water  is 
driven  off.  A  “narrow  ration”  means  one  in  which 
the  proportion  of  protein  to  carbohydrates  is  close 
— a  “wide”  ration  means  one  which  shows  a  larger 
proportion  of  carbonydrat -s. 


Ration  for  Milch  Cows. 

Will  yon  give  me  a  balanced  ration  for 
cows  which  have  been  fresh  about  two 
weeks?  I  have  Timothy  and  clover  hay, 
mixed  ;  corn  fodder,  oats,  and  can  purchase 
bran,  middlings,  beet  pulp  and  cotton-seed 
meal.  G.  u.  w. 

New  York. 


portaneo  may  be  given  to  profitable  pro¬ 
duction.  It  was  pointed  out  that  many 
milk  and  butter  records  are  made  at  a  loss 
to  the  owner  of  the  animal,  and  that  it  is 
unfair  to  sell  the  progeny  of  such  un¬ 
profitable  producers  to  men  who  are  trying 
to  improve  grade  herds. 

The  case  of  Missy  of  the  Glen  was  dis¬ 
cussed  at  some  length.  Mr.  Taylor’s  attor¬ 
ney  said  that  every  man  is  justified  in  ap¬ 
pealing  to  the  courts  for  protection  when 
his  rights  are  apparently  in  jeopardy,  and 
on  these  grounds  he  defended  the  Supreme 
Court  injunction  he  secured  ordering  the 
club  to  print  Missy’s  record.  Other  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  club  considered  Mr.  Taylor’s 
action  discourteous  to  the  club  and  a  re¬ 
flection  on  the  integrity  of  the  Executive 
Committee.  By  a  vote  of  24  to  nine  it 
was  resolved  that  Mr.  Taylor  should  apolo¬ 
gize  to  the  club  for  his  discourteous  and 
unwarranted  action  in  taking  the  matter  to 
the  courts. 


THAT  MOUNTAIN  SILAGE  CORN. 


Here  is  a  formula  that  ought  to  pro¬ 
duce  good  results  for  you  if  properly 
fed  to  good  cows : 


Drv 

Pro- 

Carbs. 

matter. 

tein. 

and  fat. 

15  pounds  mixed  hay 

with  clover  . 1 

3.05 

.93 

6.9 

5 

pounds  corn  fodder. 

2.9 

.125 

1.865 

3 

pounds  ground 

cats  . 

2.67 

.276 

1.704 

3 

pounds  wheat  bran 

2.64 

.366 

1.359 

4 

pounds  beet  pulp. . 

3.744 

.272 

2.616 

2 

pounds  cottonseed 

meal  . 

1.84 

.744 

.888 

26.844  2.713  15.332 

Nutritive  ratio  1  :5.6. 

Soak  the  beet  pulp  with  as  much 
water  as  it  will  absorb  and  then  mix 
the  other  grain  with  it  before  feeding, 
dividing  the  grain  and  pulp  into  two 
feeds  a  day  for  morning  and  evening. 
The  hay  should  be  fed  after  each  milk¬ 
ing,  as  much  as  will  eaten  up  clean, 
and  the  corn  fodder  4cut  and  fed  at  noon 
— all  the  cows  will  eat  readily.  I  do  not 
think  it  would  pay  you  to  feed  wheat 
middlings  to  your  cows  with  this  ration 
at  present  market  prices.  c.  G. 

Rations  for  Cows  and  Mare. 

1.  Will  you  advise  me  as  to  the  ration 
for  milch  cows,  medium  size,  riart  fresh, 
part  •  strippers?  1  wish  to  sell  the  milk; 
the  object  is  the  most  milk  under  the  con¬ 
ditions  given.  I  have  them  on  good  pas¬ 
ture  and  the  feeds  obtainable  are  as  fol¬ 
lows  :  Cornmeal,  chop  ( made  of  eoim  and 
oats  ground  together).  Alfalfa  meal,  wheat 
middlings,  wheat  bran.  I  would  like  you 
to  give  me  the  proper  ingredients  foe  the 
production  of  milk  in  large  quantities. 
How  much  salt  for  cows  and  how  often? 
Is  rock  or  barreled  salt  better  for  cows, 
also  for  mare?  ,  2.  Will  you  give  me  the 
proper  feed  for  a  driving  mare?  I  have 
about  four  miles  to  drive  to  work  and  back 
each  day,  have  to  keep  her  stabled  through 
the  Summer.  She  is  a  little  thin  at  pres¬ 
ent;  would  like  to  get  her  in  good  order; 
Is  only  four  years  old  in  May.  Would  It 
be  advisable  to  give  powders  or  not?  ’Feeds 
obtainable  are  Timothy  hay,  corn,  oats, 
bran,  middlings  and  chop.  G.  J.  m. 

West  Virginia. 

1.  From  the  feedstuffs  you  mention  I 
would  make  a  mixture  of  equal  parts  by 
weight  of  Alfalfa  meal,  wheat  bran  and 
corn  and  oat  chop.  Each  cow  should  be 
fed  as  much  of  this  feed  as  she  requires, 
the  quantity  depending  upon  the  quality 
of  the  pasture,  the  amount  of  milk  she 
is  giving  and  the  condition  of  each  cow. 
The  strippers  would  probably  not  re¬ 
quire  any  grain,  and  it  is  doubtful  if  it 
would  pay  to  grain  the  fresh  cows  much 
while  they  have  the  best  June  pasture  in 
sufficient  quantity ;  but  as  soon  as  the 
pasture  grasses  begin  to  get  dry  and 
hard  and  the  cows  show  a  decrease  in 
their  milk  production  it  is  necessary  to 
supply  a  good  grain  ration  to  make  up 
the  deficiency.  Cows  and  horses  should 
be  salted  every  day,  giving  them  as 
much  as  they  will  lick  up  in  a  few 
minutes.  Barrel  salt  is  generally  pre¬ 
ferred,  although  rock  salt  and  salt 
bricks  are  much  used  for  horses  es¬ 
pecially. 

2.  A  good  feed  for  your  mare  would 

be  about  10  or  12  pounds  of  Timothy 
hay  and  a  mixture  of  corn  and  oat  chop 
and  wheat  bran  equal  parts  by  measure 
Feed  just  enough  to  start  her  gaining 
nicely,  probably  about  10  quarts  a  day 
of  the  mixture  would  be  about  right, 
but  the  quantity  must  be  regulated,  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  requirements  of  each  in¬ 
dividual  animal,  as  some  horses  require 
much  more  feed  than  others.  After  her 
condition  has  improved  sufficiently  it 
would  be  better  to  feed  a  mixture  of 
three-fourths  oats  and  one-fourth  bran, 
as  a  driving  horse  on  light  work  should 
not  require  any  corn.  I  cannot  advise 
the  use  of  powders  unless  your  horse  is 
sick.  Her  condition  can  be  improved 
with  feed  much  better  than  with  medi¬ 
cine.  c.  s.  G. 


GUERNSEY  CATTLE  CLUB. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  club,  held 
In  New  York  May  10.  admission  to  regis¬ 
try  in  this  country  of  “foundation  stock” 
from  the  Island  of  Guernsey  was  dis¬ 
cussed.  Pedigree  records  have  been  kept 
rather  loosely  on  the  Island,  and  the  par¬ 
entage  and  date  of  birth  of  some  excellent 
cows  there  has  been  lost.  It  was  decided 
to  amend  the  by-laws  so  that  such  animals, 
with  progeny  in  the  advanced  registry  here 
may  be  admitted  to  the  American  herd 
book. 

A  resolution  was  passed  aiming  to  mod¬ 
ify  the  advanced  registry  so  that  due  im- 


Sincc  that  paragraph  about  the  silage 
corn  grown  on  the  Blue  Kidge  of  Central 
Virginia  appeared  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  I  have 
received  dozens  of  letters  from’  Maine  to 
Wisconsin  about  it,  and  desiring  not  only 
more  information  in  regard  to  it,  but  or¬ 
ders  for  seed,  of  which  I  have  none,  nor 
can  it  he  had  from  our  local  dealers.  Regu¬ 
lar  customers  do  not  chance  getting  their 
orders  filled,  and  the  “crib”  is  empty  for 
future  buyers.  One  dealer  near  here  had 
750  bushels  ordered  by  li is  patrons.  I  do 
not  know  that  I  can  add  more  than  to  say 
that  this  particular  corn  is  grown  in  Albe¬ 
marle  Co.,  Ya.,  and  so  far,  is  raised  and 
sold  by  the  farmers  themselves  about  Afton 
and  Batesville.  It  was  "discovered”  by  the 
silo  men  of  northeast  Ohio  by  accident,  and 
a  fortunate  discovery  it  was,  as  the  sales 
of  thousands  of  bushels  testify,  and  this  is 
rapidly  increasing.  While  it  matures  all 
right  for  seed  up  here,  a  crop  from  its  own 
seed  is  a  rank  failure.  To  show  the  supe¬ 
riority  of  this  Blue  Ridge  corn  for  silage, 
I  append  a  very  recent  announcement  from 
the  northern  Ohio  Experiment  Station, 
where  they  have,  for  several  years,  experi¬ 
mented  with  five  or  six  of  the  leading  and 
much  advertised  varieties  of  silage  corn, 
and  this  Blue  Ridge  as  the  average  lias  al¬ 
ways  proved  its  superiority.  From  their 
last  announcement  put  out  May  1,  it  shows 
that  the  Blue  Ridge  gave  Jhem  14.68  tons 
per  acre,  599  pounds  protein  per  acre,  5,528 
pounds  of  carbohydrates  and  17!)  pounds 
fat.  The  nearest  approach  was  the  Hickory 
King  with  13.98  tons,  523  of  protein,  4,591 
pounds  of  carbohydrates  and  134  pounds 
fat,  which  means  70  pounds  less  fodder,  76 
pounds  less  protein,  937  pounds  less  carbo¬ 
hydrates,  and  45  pounds  less  fat  per  acre, 
calculated  as  digestible  matter,  in  all  ex¬ 
hibits.  The  Learning  corn  did  not  show  up 
well  in  "-comparison,  though  much  recom¬ 
mended  in  some  quarters,  as  being  so  much 
more  solid  and  free  from  greenness,  and 
water.  The  Learning  showed  9%  tons,  478 
pounds  protein,  3,905  pounds  carbohydrates, 
and  140  of  fat  per  acre,  being  short  of  the 
Blue  Ridge  5%  tons,  1,563  on  carbohydrates 
and  39  pounds  in  fat  per  acre.  Some  of 
the  reasons  for  the  popularity  of  the  Blue 
Ridge  corn  is  that  its  germinating  power 
or  quality  is  great,  96  to  the  100  can  be 
depended  to  grow,  it  is  of  rapid  growth,  the 
seed  comes  graded,  so  that  all  tip  and  butt 
kernels  are  taken  out,  making  even  drill 
work  and  it  matures  fully  for  the  silo  in¬ 
side  of  120  days.  This  article  is  in  no 
way  to  be  regarded  as  an  advertisement,  but 
as  an  answer — as  best  I  can— to  the  many 
letters  received  from  R.  N.-Y.  readers,  and 
interested  silo  men.  John  gould. 

Ohio. 


The 

Perfection  Jr.  Churn 
and  Butter  Worker 


You  can  make  highest  quality  butter  as 
quickly  and  economically  as  the  large 
creameries  do.  You  can  get  more  butter, 
sell  it  at  fancy  prices  and  put  the  extra 
profits  in  your  own  pocket. 


The  Perfection  Jr.  takes  the  last  grain 
of  butter  fat  out  of  every  drop  of  milk. 
Both  churns  and  works  in  one  operation. 
Gives  as  good  results  with  little  cream  or 
filled  to  capacity.  Perfect  for  salting  and 
control  of  moisture.  Butter  stays  all  in 
one  niece.  Easily  removed.  The  perfect 
churn  for  dairy  farmers  and  a  money 
maker  for  everyone  who  uses  it. 


Quickly  cleaned— absolutely  sanitary— econom¬ 
ical  to  use.  Made  of  best  materials  in  four 
sizes:  30  gallon,  $60:  40  gallon,  $67.50;  50  gallon, 
$75;  150  gallon,  $90. 

rn[r  Ask  for  our  free  butter  makers  book 
I"  W  f  f  containing  interesting  information 
"  and  lowest  prices  on  all  dairy  supplies. 


«/.  G.  CHERRY  CO. 

1 0  Tenth  Ave.,  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa 

Peoria,  III.  St.  Paul,  Minn. 


W hen  Butter-F at  is  Low 

You  need  more  than  ever  the  service  of 
the  best  Cream  Separator  made — The 

United  States  Cream  Separator 

First,  because  economy  is  absolutely  necessary,  and  you 
must  get  every  bit  of  the  cream  from  your  milk. 

The  U.  S.  Separator  is  the  closest  skimmer  in  the  world. 

It  holds  the  World’s  Record  for  close  skimming  won  in 
a  contest  of  fifty  consecutive  tests,  extending  over  30  days, 
with  the  milk  of  10  different  breeds  of  cows.  This  is 
no  time  for  you  to  use  a  cream-losing  Separator. 

Second,  because  high-grade  cream  and  butter  are 

never  a  drug  on  the  market.  •  The  perfect  skimming 
device  of  the  United  States  Separator,  which  has  been 
washed  and  made  absolutely  sanitary  in  10  seconds, 
and  is  cleaned  by  centrifugal  force,  insures  the  highest 
quality  product.  Easy  cleaning  and  thorough  cleaning 
can  be  accomplished  with  the  United  States  Separator 
in  a  space  of  time  impossible  with  other  Separators. 

These  two  points  (only  two  of  many)  make  the  United 
Strftes  Separator  the  logical  purchase  under  present  condi¬ 
tions.  If  you  have  any  other  kind  of  Separator,  which 
should  be  discarded,  our  local  selling  agent  nearest  you 
will  make  you  a  liberal  exchange  offer. 

Write  direct  for  catalog  No.  159. 

Vermont  Farm  Machine  Co.,  Bellows  Falls,  Vt. 


Conlinuous-Opening,  Braced 
Door  -  Frame,  Permanent 
Ladder,  Interchangeable 
Doors,  Lightest  and 
Tightest  Doors. 
Strongest  Hoops, 
Best  Materials, 
Three  Styles,  Five 
kinds  of  Lum¬ 
ber,  a  hundred 
other  advan¬ 
tages.  All 
described 
in  our 
Cata¬ 
log. 


Our 
Silo 
Catalog 
contains 
the  latest 
Information 
about  Silos, 

We  invented 
the  Modern  Silo 
and  have  led  the 
way  in  improve¬ 
ments.  We  offer  the 
largest  variety  of 
styles  and  sizes.  Send 
for  our  catalog  of  Silos 
and  Silo  Fillers.  “The 
kind  Uncle  Sam  uses.” 

Harder  Mfg.  Company 

1 1  Cobles  kill,  N.  Y. 


Box 


Make  It  Yourself 

If  you  have  timber,  save  money 
and  make  money  sawing  for 
others,  with  a  Portable 

American  Saw  Mill 

Simple,  reliable,  little  power 
needed,  no  experience  necessary. 
Catalog  free.  Also  describes  wood¬ 
working  machinery  of  all  kinds. 

AMERICAN  SAW  MILL  MACH'Y  CO. 

129  Hope  St.,  HnckettBtown, N.<l, 
1682  Terminal  Bldgs.,  New  York 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOR 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 
GUARANTEED  MON EY-SAVINd 

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strongest  built,  simplest  to  put  up  and  easiest  operated 
on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take-up  hoop- 
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International  Silo  fn.j  II  3  Uain  St..  Linear!!!**  Bto 


SILO  FILLING 
MACHINERY 


BLOWER  and  Travel 
Ing  FEED  TABLE 


Made 
in 

sizes  to 
suit  all 
wants 
from  5  to 
15  II. P. Engine. 

Sold  on  their  own  merits. 


No  Money  Required  with  Order 

Fill  Your  Silo— Pay  Afterward* 

Write  for  catalog  nnd  information.  A  postal  will  do. 

The  E.  W.  ROSS  CO.,  Box  13  Springfield,  O. 


Here’s  the  only  blower  ensilage  gp 
cutter  that  can  be  depended  upon  to  gsg 
do  good  work  under  all  conditions. 

PAPEC  ENSILAGE  ZZZ 

PNEUMATIC  1:1  CUTTER 
Cuts  and  elevates  silage  with  less 
power  than  any  other  cutter.  Easy 
to  set  up  and  operate;  no  wood  to  0% 
twist  and  warp;  elevates  over  50  feet 
without  clogging.  Write  for  booklet, 

'  ‘How  to  Prepare  Ensilage,”  FREE,  wt’ 
PAPEC  MACHINE  CO.,  Box  10,  Shorlsville,  N.  T.  ^ 
Distributing  Points; 

Des  Moines  Silo  &  Mfg.  Co.,  lies  Moines.  Ia.  jfcg* 
Western  Implement  Co..  Indianapolis.  Ind. 

Dallman  &  Cooper  Co.,  Fond  du  Lac,  Wis.  jggK 


THE  UNADILLA  SILO 

Is  superior  to  any  other  offered. 
A  practical  Silo  for  a  sensible 
farmer.  Write  for  our 
“TWENTY  FIVE  REASONS” 
why  it  is  the  best. 

We  also  manufacture  Farm 
Water  Tubs  and  are  New  Eng¬ 
land  representatives  for  Papec 
Cutters  and  are  in  position  to 
quote  low  prices  upon  receipt  of 
inquiry.  Extra  discount  for 
early  orders.  Agents  wanted. 

THE  UNADILLA  SILO  CO.,  Inc.,  Box  B,  Unadiila,  N.  Y. 


GREEN  MOUNTAIN  SILOS 

Write  TODAY  for  Booklet  to 
CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MANUFACTURING  CO 
338  West  St.,  Rutland.  Vt. 


INDIANA  SILOS 

Nowin  uso  everywhere.  Any  user 
will  tell  you  why  Indiana  Silos  are 
the  “best  and  cheapest.”  Let  us 
send  you  the  F  ree  book  that  solves 
the  high  priced  feed  question — 
SILO  PROFITS.”  Our  Factories 
are  located  at  Anderson,  Ind.,  Des 
Moines,  Iowa,  and  Kansas  City. 
Mo.  Write  for  Silo  Catalog  Today. 

INDIANA  SILO  COMPANY 

318  Union  Building,  Anderson,  Ind. 


CLIMAX 


ENSILAGE 

CUTTERS 


“The  Complete  Machine.”  Don’t  buy  an 
ensilage  cutter  until  you  have  read  our  catalog. 

WARSAW- WILKINSON  CO.,  50  Highland  Ave.,  Warsaw,  N.  Y. 


613 


the:  rural  new-yorkek 


May  20, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


At  last  wo  have  our  pay  in  full  (.$9.34) 
for  the  ease  of  eggs  shipped  .1.  W.  "Maloney 
Co.  last  July,  which  we  placed  in  your 
hands  to  trace  up  after  we  had  done  our 
best.  The  It.  N.-Y.  is  the  best  all-round 
farm  paper  that  I  ever  read.  In  apprecia¬ 
tion  of  your  unselfish  efforts  in  giving  us 
a  square  deal,  I  enclose  one  dollar  for 
which  please  send  The  R.  N.-Y.  for  one 
year  to  our  neighbor.  f.  c.  b. 

New  York. 

It  is  pleasant  to  receive  such  tokens 
of  appreciation  as  the  above.  It  makes 
one  feel  that "  the  work  is  not  in  vain. 
But  the  greatest  pleasure  conies  from 
being  able  to  direct  the  forces  and 
po\vcr  put  into  our  hands  by  subscribers 
to  compel  some  of  the  welchers  to  hand 
out  the  cash. 

You  speak  of  the  fakes  in  mining  stock, 
but  the  same  principle  applies  to  other 
fake  enterprises.  See  the  inclosed  letter 
from  the  United  Motors  Co.,  2  West  33d 
Street,  New  York.  You  can  buy  stock  for 
the  privilege  of  buying  tires.  It  may  be 
all  right,  but  it  has  the  Lewis  earmarks. 

Pennsylvania.  w.  h.  r. 

“Lewis  earmarks,”  is  good.  Look  for 
these  earmarks;  you  will  always  find 
them  on  the  fakes.  What  a  beautiful 
theory !  Buy  stock  in  the  company,  and 
then  buy  its  products  to  pay  yourself 
dividends,  and  incidentally  to  pay  divi¬ 
dends  to  others.  In  this  case  there  is 
five  millions  of  stock,  and  on  their  own 
statement  less  than  $400,000  of  actual 
assets.  So  that  for  every  dollar  you  put 
in  you  get  about  eight  cents  worth  of 
these  assets,  and  42  cents  worth  of 
prospects  or  wind. 

Can  you  tell  me  anything  about  .T.  A. 
Bennett  &  Sons  Co.,  of  Gouverneur,  N.  Y.. 
dealers  and  makers  of  incubators  and 
brooders?  On  March  23,  1911,  1  sent  them 
an  order  for  an  incubator  and  brooder 
lamp,  with  P.  o.  order  for  $8.25.  1  have 

never  received  them  and  they  never  have 
written  me.  They  drew  the  money  March 
25.  I  have  demanded  the  return  of  my 
money  ;  if  they  were  on  the  level  they 
would  have  answered  my  letters.  If  they 
are  doing  crooked  business  the  public  ought 
to  know  it.  u.  f.  pc 

Connecticut. 

On  April  G  my  man,  Wm.  Beible,  sent  a 
money  order  to  .7.  A.  Bennett  &  Sons  Co., 
Gouverneur,  N.  Y„  for  $5  for  a  brooder, 
and  has  not  received  the  brooder,  has  writ¬ 
ten  twice,  but  has  received  no  reply  and 
no  notification  of  its  being  shipped.'  Are 
they  responsible  parties?  c.  w.  w. 

New  \Tork. 

We  were  obliged  to  warn  subscribers 
some  years  ago  against  sending  money 
to  this  concern,  and  above  letters  indi¬ 
cate  the  necessity  of  repeating  the  ad¬ 
vice.  We  have  written  J.  A.  Bennett 
fr  Son  several  times  in  the  interest  of 
these  subscribers,  but  our  letters  have 
been  ignored  also.  Complaint  should  be 
made  to  the  Post  Master  General, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

The  total  approved  claims  against  the 
Carnegie  Trust  Company  of  New  York  City 
is  only  $6,158,000,  while  the  schedule  of 
assets  shows  $10,023,000.  There  is  a 
“nigger  in  the  woodpile”  somewhere  if  there 
is  a  shrinkage  of  nearly  $4,000,000.  In 
fact,  I  think  there  will  not  only  be  enough 
to  pay  depositors,  but  quite  a  dividend  to 
stockholders.  The  only  explanation  would 
seem  to  be  an  effort  to  scare* depositors  to 
get  them  to  sell  out  at  50  cents  on  the  dol¬ 
lar  or  more.  j.  g. 

New  Y*o  rk. 

This  Carnegie  Trust  Co.  affair  has- 
grown  to  be  a  scandal  not  only  to  the 
city  of  New  York  but  also  to  the  whole 
State  Banking  Department.  City  offi¬ 
cials  are  involved  in  its  collapse,  and 
one  of  them  is  under  indictment.  The 
[Banking  Department  of  the  State  per¬ 
mitted  it  to  receive  money  from  un¬ 
suspecting  depositors  long  after  well  in¬ 
formed  banking  circles  knew  it  to  be 
unsound.  Now  the  assets  are  in  the 
hands  of  the  Department,  and  depositors 
are  kept  in  ignorance  of  the  condition 
of  its  affairs  while  speculators,  ap¬ 
parently  well  advised,  offer  them  50 
per  cent  for  their  claims.  What  is  a 
Banking  Department  for  anyway? 

One  by  one  the  papers  and  magazines 
that  sell  stock  or  other  securities  to  sub¬ 
scribers  come  to  grief  or  pass  over  to 
other  control.  The  Circle  Magazine 
went  out  of  existence  entirely.  Mvrick’s 
Cushman  relics  shunted  to  the  West  six 
months  in  advance  of  financial  collapse. 
His  Good  Housekeeping  has  since 
passed’ to  other  hands,  and  now  “Hamp¬ 
ton’s,”  which  was  to  be  the  great  ex¬ 
ponent  of  independence  has,  it  is  re¬ 
ported,  gone  over  in  combination  with 
“Columbian  Magazine.”  What  has  be¬ 
come  of  the  millions  of  stock  of  these 
shifting  enterprises  is  not  made  clear 
in  the  reports  given  out.  But  the 
country  stockholders  will  understand 
from  the  reports  just  about  how  much 
consideration  has  been  given  their  in¬ 
terests.  We  wonder  how  many  of 
them  got  detailed  reports  showing  the 
price  paid  for  the  property  in  which  they 
are  part  owners. 


An  involuntary  petition  in  bankruptcy 
was  filed  May  2  against  White,  Von 
Glahn  &  Co.,  New  York  City,  by  two 
creditors  in  claims  amounting  to  $24,- 
700.  It  is  an  old  house,  and  has  been 
in  good  standing,  but  its  departure  of 
selling  stock  to  customers  and  country 
investors  generally  was  a  timely  indi¬ 
cation  of  financial  difficulties.  When 
any  house  or  concern  resorts  to  the  ex¬ 
pedient  of  asking  its  customers  to  fur¬ 
nish  the  cash  to  finance  it,  you  can 
safely  conclude  that  the  proposition 
needs  investigation. 

Your  letter  of  March  29  as  well  as  check 
from  N.  Y.  C.  &  II.  It.  It.  It.  to  hand.  It 
was  a  great  surprise  to  rue,  and  I  thank  you 
very  much  for  the  interest  you  have  taken 
in  this  matter  for  me,  as  I  was  positive 
that  this  was  a  total  loss,  and  particularly 
so  when  it  was  found  that  the  barrel  was 
misbilled.  The  railroad  agent  here  gave 
me  to  understand  as  much,  and  gave  me 
quite  a  laugh  when  I  told  him  that  you  had 
taken  up  the  matter  and  were  trying  to  get 
a  settlement.  However,  I  shall  show  him 
the  check  and  laugh  also.  A.  D.  h. 

Connecticut. 

March  23,  1910,  a  barrel  of  clothing 
was  sent  to  Mr.  Stone  from  New  York 
to  Cannon  Station.  The  barrel  was 
marked  castings  by  the  agent  here,  who 
delivered  it  to  the  33rd  Street  Station 
of  the  New  York  Central  R.  R.  instead 
of  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hart¬ 
ford  R.  R.  The  shipment  was  lost  and 
tracer  sent  out  for  it,  but  shipper  re¬ 
ceived  no  definite  advice  from  the  rail¬ 
road  and  sent  the  claim  -to  us.  The 
clothing  was  valued  at  $55.  We  have 
been  following  it  up  for  nearly  a  year. 
One  excuse  for  not  paying  the  claim  was 
the  error  in  marking  the  hox  castings 
instead  of  clothing.  Finally,  as  the 
barrel  could  not  be  located,  the  company 
requested  itemized  bill  of  the  goods  and 
their  value.  This  was  sent  on  several 
different  occasions,  and  at  last  check  for 
$50  was  sent  in  settlement,  which  we 
accepted.  The  adjustment  took  just 
about  a  full  year. 

I  wish  to  thank  you  for  your  efforts  to¬ 
ward  getting  my  check  from  T.  C.  Teague, 
of  Philadelphia.  1  received  my  check  for 
$8.55  in  payment  for  huckleberries  shipped 
July  16.  1910,  last  week.  T.  C.  Teague  is 
now  doing  business  in  West  Philadelphia 
I  understand.  I  am  the  only  one  as  yet 
in  this  section  he  has  paid.  J.  j.  B. 

Delaware. 

We  had  a  hard  scramble  for  that 
$8.55.  On  July  16,  1910,  the  farmer  sent 
T.  C.  Teague,  3020  Market  street,  Phil¬ 
adelphia,  Pa.,  five  crates  of  huckle¬ 
berries.  Acknowledgment  was  made 
promptly.  It  was,  however,  three  weeks 
before  check  for  $8.55  was  received,  and 
as  Mr.  Teague’s  checks  to  some  other 
parties  in  this  section  had  been  pro¬ 
tested,  the  shipper  sent  his  check  to  the 
Philadelphia  bank  on  which  it  was 
drawn  for  payment,  but  payment  was  re¬ 
fused  because  of  insufficient  cash  to 
cover  the  amount.  The  account  was  sent 
to  us  in  August,  but  we  were  unable  to 
get  any  reply  from  Mr.  Teague.  We 
finally  placed  the  account  in  the  hands 
of  our  attorney,  who,  after  repeated 
attempts  to  collect,  reported  that  the 
only  recourse  was  a  suit,  but  we  could 
hardly  advise  a  suit  for  an  $8  claim. 
The  whole  matter  was  then  placed  in 
the  hands  of  a  Post  Office  inspector, 
and  after  some  months  Mr.  Teague  was 
induced  to  send  a  check  for  $8.55  to 
cover.  We  think  the  P.ost  Office  in¬ 
spector  deserves  more  credit  in  this  case 
than  The  R.  N.-Y..  and  we"  gladly  ac¬ 
knowledge  his  services  in  the  case. 

Recently  I  bought  a  horse  in  a  New  York 
City  stable.  I  got  with  it  a  written  guar¬ 
antee  that  the  horse  was  free  and  clear 
from  all  encumbrances,  and  if  not  satisfac¬ 
tory  it  would  be  exchanged  for  another : 
also  money  refunded  if  not  as  represente'd. 
It  was  pavement-sore,  but  represented  not 
to  be  lame  after  driving  a  short  time.  I 
doctored  her  feet  a  week,  but  she  is  yet 
very  lame  and  unable  to  work.  Can  you 
determine  for  me  if  the  people  are  respon¬ 
sible  and  will  stand  by  the  agreement?  I 
do  not  want  to  go  to  the  expense  of  send 
ing  her  back  if  I  can  derive  no  benefit. 

New  York.  m.  u. 

There  is  no  use  to  come  back  on  a 
New  York  horse  stable,  except  one  or  ; 
two  of  the  larger  reliable  concerns, 
handling  high-priced  horses.  They  will 
guarantee  anything;  but.  few  of  them 
have  any  responsibility  and  it  is  seldom 
that  you  can  find  the  man  who  sold  you. 
Go  hack  and  they  will  tell  you  he  is  not 
there.  If  you  do  take  such  a  horse  back, 
and  get  another,  thev  will  make  you  put 
up  more  new  money  than  the  new  horse 
is  worth,  and  probably  stick  you  worse 
than  before.  If  you  buy  horses  in  these 
stables,  you  must  put  up  your  money  on 
your  own  judgment,  and  keep  your 
hands  on  the  horse  until  you  get  out  of 
the  street.  If  they  offer  to  drive  him 
to  the  ferry,  they  will  probably  exchange 
him  for  another.  If  you  do  not  have 
confidence  in  your  own  judgment  of  a 
horse,  don’t  buy  from  these  stables.  T 
doubt  if  one  of  them  could  tell  the  truth 
about  a  horse,  even  if  it  served  him  bet¬ 
ter  than  the  fiction.  j.  j.  d. 


BUSINESS-LIKE  farmers 

have  learned  what  all  busi- 
ness  men  ought  to  learn — that  labor-sav¬ 
ing  equipment  earns  more  than  it  costs. 

The  next  step  in  this  direction  on  any  farm  is 
the  purchase  of  a  good  gasoline  engine;  the  most 
useful  general  labor-saver  you  ever  had;  earns 
its  cost  every  six  months,  or  less. 

When  you’re  ready  to  consider  it,  get  infor¬ 
mation  about  the  Olds  Gasoline  Engine;  send 

to  us  for  catalogue,  and  full  details. 

•  • 

We’ve  been  building  these  engines  for  30 

years;  we  know  how. 

We’re  making  the  best  engine  in  the  world; 
and  we’d  like  a  chance  to  prove  it. 

Simplicity  of  construction,  economy  of 
operation,  durability  of  wear,  and  long  service. 

Get  acquainted  with  the  Olds. 

Seager  Engine  Works 

908  Seager  Street,  Lansing,  Mich. 


Branch 

Offices 


{Mallalieu  &  Conrey,  1816  Market  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Deyo-Macey  Engine  Co.,  26  Washington  St.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 
Robt.  W.  Hart,  Mgr.  Seager  Engine  Works,  67  Beverly  St.,  Boston 


2.%  and  3'A  Horsepower 

When  you  huy  an  engine  he  sure  you  get 
all  you  pay  for.  Deyo  Engines  have 
everything  but  gasoline  included  in  reg¬ 
ular  equipment.  No  extras  to  buy.  One 
price  and  one  quality.  The  lowest  and 
the  best.  Write  for  bulletin  4-B. 

DEYO-MACEY  ENGINE  CO.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 

Manufacturer*  ot  Or  v o  Power  Spray.cr* 


r 


Gasoline  Engines 


PAY 


WE 


THE 


NGINE 


FREIGHT 


gasoline,  distillate,  any  fuel  oil,  perfectly — without  change 

Cheapest,  Safest,  Simplest 

ROWER 

for  barn  work,  house  work,  mill  work,  dairy  work,  well 
work,  spraying,  sawing, irrigation,electriclights,  pumping. 

Astonishing  success.  Moro  power  gallon  for  gallon.  Hun¬ 
dred  less  parts.  Patent throttlo  gives  three  engines  for  the 
price  of  one.  Catalog  free— tells  how. 

Double  duty  tank  revolutionizes  cooling 
systems.  Force  feed  lubricator — per¬ 
fect  oiling.  Automobile  muffler. 

Ball  bearing  governor  Starts  in¬ 
stantly.  No  pre-heating.  No 
crank  Experience  unnec¬ 
essary.  Women  can  oper- 
tate.  Vibration  elimina- 
od.  Quality  high— prico 
low.  Comes  complete 
Always  hungry  for 
work — and  thrives  on  it. 

FREE  TRIAL 

No  obligation  till  satis- 
fiod.  10-year  guarantee. 

** Engine  Facts  free 
write  for  it  NOW. 

Ellis  Engine  Co., 

51  Mullet!  St.,  DETROIT,  MICH 


(yx) 


IF  YOU  ARE 
SATISFIED  THE 


CHARTER 


IS  0.  K.  we  expect  to  serve 
you;  if  not,  let  us  satisfy 
you  by  Proof. 

Stationaries,  Portables,  Etc-. 

Want  our  Catalog? 
State  your  power  needs. 
CHARTER  GAS  ENGINE  CO.. 
Box  28,  Sterling,  111.,  li.  S.  A, 


EXCELSIOR  SWING  STANCHION 

Warranted  Tiie  Best.  30  Days’  Trial 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  when  open 
Noiseless  Simple  Sanitary  Durable 

The  Wasson  Stanchion  Co., 
Kox  60.  Cuba,  N.  Y. 


ROBKllTSOVS  CHAIN 
II A N  6 1 N  G  STAN Cll ION 8 
“I  have  used  them  for  more 
than  TWENTY  TEAKS,  and  they 
have  given  Ihe  very  best  of  satis¬ 
faction  In  every  way,”  writes 
Justus  H.  Cooley,  M.D.,  Plainfield 
Sanitarium,  Plainfield,  N.  J.  • 
Thirty  days’  trial  on  application 
O.  II.  KOBEKTSON 
Wash.  St.,  Eorcstville,  Coun. 


rOIIM  Q’C  IMPROVED 
UnUlYlOO  WARRINER 

STANCHION 


Send  for  my  booklet 
and  learn  why  these  fas¬ 
teners  are  being  installed 
in  the  stables  of  many 

PUBLIC 

INSTITUTIONS 

WALLACE  B.  CKUMIt,  Box  M4,  Forcstvlllo,  Conn. 


COW  COMFORT 

Means  additional  profit.  Simple 
durable,  easily  looked.  Foster 
Steel  Stone  li  loan  cannot  be 
opened  by  the  cattle.  Top  and  bot¬ 
tom  chains  permit  free  head  move¬ 
ment,  standing  or  lying  down,  yet 
keep  cattle  lined  up  and  clean. 
Write  for  new  booklet  showing 
model  stables. 

Foster  Steel  Stanchion  Co., 

906  Ins.  Bldg.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


1911 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


eie 


CONTENTS 


The  Rural  New  Yorker,  May  20,  1911. 
FARM  TOPICS. 


Wlreworras  and  Mien .  602 

What  Shall  We  Do  With  the  Manure?  602 

Chemicals  for  the  Hay  Crop .  00:5 

Hay  Making  in  Illinois .  603 

An"  Experience  with  Vetch .  603 

A  New  Agricultural  Society .  604 

Crop  Notes  . 604 

Smut  in  Corn .  604 

Ammonia  and  Nitrogen .  604 

Making  a  Hay  Farm . 1)05 

Cleaning  Out  Poison  Ivy .  605 

What  Crop  Before  Alfalfa? .  605 

A  Tennessee  Farm .  605 

Rye  or  Vetch  with  Buckwheat .  606 

Rye  for  the  Silo.  Part  II . .  606 

Saving  the  Seed  of  Vetch .  607 

More  About  Ground  Limestone .  607 

Truth  About  the  "Sand  Hills” .  607 

Hope  Farm  Notes .  608 

Diary  of  Farm  Work .  611 


LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 


Mapes  the  Heu  Man  Comes  Back  With 

a  New  Hen  Story . 601, 

Live  Stock  and  Poison  Sprays . 

Guernsey  Cattle  Club . 

Cows  Leaking  Milk . 

High  Dairying  in  Wall  Street . 

Substitute  for  Calf's  Milk . 

A  Small  Summer  Silo . 

Milk  . 

Milking  the  Ohio  Men . 

A  New  Sort  of  Horse  Company . 

That  Hen  Contest  . 

The  Egg-Eating  I-Iabit . 

Big  Eggs  . 

Good  R.  I.  Reds . 

A  Duck  of  a  Duck . 


602 

605 

617 

614 

614 

614 

614 

615 
615 

615 

616 
616 
616 
616 
616 


HORTICULTURE. 


Simple  Apple  Storage .  602 

A  Garden  With  Chemicals .  604 

Cover  Crops  in  Orchard .  604 

Grass  for  Sod  Growing .  609 

Ants  in  Lawn .  609 

M ice-gnawed  Trees  .  609 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day .  612 

Homemade  Floor  Coverings  .  612 

Dry  Mops  and  Bagged  Brooms .  613 

When  Lemons  Are  "It" .  613 

The  Rural  Patterns .  613 

Amber  Marmalade  .  613 

More  About  Shoe  Numbers .  613 

Intensive  Farmers  .  613 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


Cinders  Rusting  Fence .  604 

Products,  Prices  and  Trade .  606 

Editorials  .  610 

Other  People’s  Money .  611 

Events  of  the  Week .  611 

Publisher’s  Desk  .  618 


MARKETS 

Wholesale  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  May  12,  1911. 


BUTTER 

Trade  is  dull,  and  considerable  faulty 
stock  is  noted  in  current  receipts. 


Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 21  IQ  .22; 

Good  to  Choice . 19  ®  .20 

Lower  Grades  . 15  &  .18 

Storage . 15  @  .20 

State  Dairy,  best . 20  ®  .21 

Common  to  Good . It  @  .18 

Factory . 14  ®  .10 

Packing  8tock .  12  @  .15 


Elgin  111.  butter  market  firm  at  21*4  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  22)6  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  28  cents. 


CHEESE 

Market  generally  dull,  except  on  some  of 
finest  lots  of  old  colored. 


Full  Cream,  best.  Fall  made . 12  ®  .14 

Common  to  Good .  ..  .10  @  .11 

New  Made . 09  ®  .11 

Skims . 03  @  .09 


EGGS 

Receipts  are  large,  hut  storage  operations 
are  so  active  that  the  market  is  not  over¬ 
loaded. 


White,  good  to  choice . 18  @  .21 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 17  @  .18 

Common  to  Good . 15  @  .17 

Western,  best . 18  @  .19 

Under  grades . 12  ®  .15 

Duck  eggs,  dozen . 20  ®  .22 


BEANS 

choice  marrow  and  Red  Kid- 


Market  on 
ney  firm. 

Marrow,  100  lbs .  3.U0 

Medium....  .  3.00 

Pea .  3.00 

Yellow  Eye .  3.50 

Red  Kidney . 6.00 

WhiteKidney . 5.00 

Lima,  California. ...  . . 6.70 

HOI’S 

Demand  strong  for  new 
any  old  stocks  available. 

Prime  to  Choice . • . 

Common  to  Good . 28 

Pacific  Coast 

German  Crop,  1910 .  .  ......  .50 

CIDER  VINEGAR 
N.  1'.  prices  for  single  barrel  lots. 

Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 22 

Standard  Grade . 

PRIED  FRUITS 
Some  future  sales  of  eva; 
at  8%  are  reported. 

Apples,  evap.  prime . 12 

Evap.,  com.  to  good 

Snn  Dried . 

Chops . 

Cores  and  Skins _ 

Raspberries . 28 

Cherries . 14 


3.70 
3.45 
3.50 
@.3,60 
®  6.60 
®  5.10 


® 

IQ 

® 


6.70 

6.85 

itracts 

and 

On 

.31 

.28 

@ 

.29 

(„ 

.24 

.50 

@ 

.54 

lots. 

.22 

® 

.24 

.13 

@ 

.15 

a  ted 

apples 

.12 

@ 

13 

@ 

.11 

.06 

@ 

.07  % 

.07 

® 

.07  '4 

® 

.07*4 

@ 

.31 

.14 

@ 

.18 

FRESH  FRUITS 

The  few  choice  apples  left  are  selling 
well ;  very  little  demand  for  poor  stocks. 
Strawberry  receipts  light  and  quality  fair. 
A  few  poaches  from  Florida  are  noted. 


Apples,  Russet,  bbl .  3  00  @  5.00 

Greening .  4.00  ®  7.00 

Baldwin .  4.00  ®  6.00 

Ben  Davis .  3.50  ®  5.50 

Spy .  4.00  ®  7.00 

Western — 

Newtown,  box .  1.75  ®  2.75 

Rome,  box .  2.00  @  2  75 

Black  Ben,  box .  2  00  ®  2.50 

Gano.  box  .  1.75  ®  2.25 

Strawberries.  Virginia,  qt _ ' . 12  ®  .18 

Carolina . 13  ®  .25 

Peaches,  Fla.,  carrier .  1.50  ®  2.50 

Muskmelons,  Fla.,  crate .  2.00  ®  3.90 

Watermelons,  Fla.,  each . 25  ®  .40 


VEG ETA BEES 


Market  on  both  old  and  new  potatoes 
very  weak.  Asparagus  in  rather  free  sup¬ 
ply  and  selling  in  a  lower  range.  Cab¬ 
bages  higher.  Cucumbers  and  lettuce  very 
weak.  Tomato  market  firm. 


Potatoes— N.  Y.  State,  180  lbs.. .  1.62 


Maine .  1.75 

Southern,  new,  No.  1,  bbl . 4.50 

Southern,  new,  No.  2,  bbl .  3.00 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bkt .  1.00 

Asparagus,  Jersey,  green,  f'ey . 2.25 

Jersey,  white,  f'ey .  2.00 

Long  Island,  white,  prime.. .  1.50 

Penn.,  green,  choice . 2.50 

Culls . . . '  1.00 

Beets,  new,  100  bunches .  3.00 

Carrots,  bbl . 2.00 

Southern,  new,  100  bunches .  2.00 

Cabbage — old.  ton  .  3.00 

New.  Southern,  bbl .  1  25 

Chicory,  bbl .  3.60 

Sweet  Corn,  Southern.  100 .  3.00 

Cucumbers.  Fla.  bu..  , .  1.00 

Escarol,  bbl .  3.50 

Kohlrabi, Southern.  100 bunches .  4.00 

Lettuce,  hj-bbl.  bkt . 50 

Peppers.  Southern,  bu . -. _  1 .50 

Horseradish,  100  lbs .  4.00 

Okra.  Fla.  Carrier  .  2.00 

Onions,  Texas,  new,  crate . 1.50 

Bermuda,  crate .  1.75 

Peas.  Southern,  bu .  1.50 

Radishes,  S'n  8>  bbl.  bkt . 50 

Rhubarb,  100  bunches . 2.00 

Salsify,  100  bunches .  3.00 

String  Beans,  bu . 75 

Spinach,  bbl .  1.00 

Squash,  bbl .  1.75 

New,  bu . 75 

Turnins,  Rutabaga,  bbl .  2.00 

White,  bbl .  1.00 

Leeks,  100  bunches .  2.00 

Egg  Plants.  Fla.,  box .  1 .00 

Parsley  bbl  .  2.00 

Tomatoes,  Fla.  crate  .  1.50 


HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 


®  1.87 
1 3  2.00 
(a  5.00 
®  4.25 
@  2  00 
®  2.75 
@  2.50 
®  2.00 
@  3.00 
@  1.25 
®  4.00 
®  2.25 
@  4  .00 
®  7.00 
®  2.00 
®  4.00 
®  4.00 
®  1.75 
®  4.50 
®  6  00 
®  2.00 
®  2.50 
®  7.00 
®  3.00 
®  2.50 
®  1.85 
fw  3.50 
®  1.00 
®  3.00 
@  4.00 
@  2.25 
®  1.50 
®  2  50 
®  1. 00 
@  2.25 
®  1 .50 
®  2.50 
®  1.50 
®  5.00 
®  3.00 


Many  of  the  mushrooms  received  are 
poor.  Choice  are  selling  higher.  Toma¬ 
toes  scarce. 


Cucumbers,  best,  doz . 60  ®  .65 

Common  to  good . 40  ®  .50 

Mushrooms,  lb . 15  ®  .50 

Tomatoes,  lb . 10  ®  .20 


LIVE  POULTRY 

Business  is  active  and  market  improved. 


Chickens,  Broilers,  lb . 30  @  .35 

Fowls . 14  ®  .15 

Roosters . 09  @  .09)6 

Ducks . 13  @  .14 

Geese . .09  ®  .10 

Turkeys . 12  ®  .13 

DRESSED  POULTRY— Fresh  Killed 

Fowls  in  food  demand.  Turkeys  scarce 
and  poor. 

Turkeys,  best . 15  ®  16 

Common  to  Good . .13  ®  .14 

Chickens,  fancy  broilers,  lb .  35  @  .45 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 25  @  .30 

Fowls .  14  @  .15 

Squabs,  doz .  1.75  ®  4.26 

DRESSED-  POULTRY— Frozen 

Fancy  roasting  chickens  very  firm.  Other 
poultry  selliug  slowly. 

Turkeys,  best . 22  ®  .23 

Chickens,  milk-fed  broilers  .  .22  ®  .25 

Corn-fed  broilers . 18  @  .22 

Milk-fed  roasters . 17  ®  .18)4 

Corn-fed  roasters . 15  ®  .16)6 

Fowls .  12  ®  .15 

Ducks,  best . 15  @  .16 

Common  to  good . 13  ®  .14 

Geese . 07  ®  .11 


COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 
Calves  in  good  demand  and  slightly 
higher.  Lambs  in  large  supply  but  of  bet¬ 
ter  quality. 


Calves,  good  to  prime . 09  ®  .10 

Common . . U6  @  08 

Lambs,  hothouse,  head . 3.00  ®  G.50 


fiAY  AND  STRAW 

Market  active  on  higher  grades  of  Tim¬ 
othy  and  clover.  Low  grades  accumulating 
and  dull. 


Elay,  No.  1,  ton . 25.00  ®  26.00 

No.  2 . 22.00  ®  24.00 

No.  3 . 18.00  @  10.00 

Clover  Mixed . 15.00  ®  21  00 

Clover . ...12.00  ®  19.00 

Straw,  Rye .  9.00  @  11.00 

Oat  and  Wheat .  8.00  ®  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs .  5  55  ®  6  40 

Bulls . 4.00  ®  5.50 

Cows .  2  00  ®  4.75 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 5.00  ®  7.50 

Culls  .  4.00  ®  4  50 

Sheep.  100  lbs .  3.25  ®  4.uo 

Lambs .  6.50  ®  6/25 

Hogs . .  6  00  @6.75 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1.  Northern  Spring .  1.10  ® 

No.  2,  Red . 99  r@  ... 

No.  1  Macaroni . 97  ©  ... 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 53  ®  .59 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 35  @  ,39 

MILL  FRED 

Spring  Bran, ton .  26.25  @  27.50 

Standard  Middlings .  27.00  @  28.00 

Red  Dog .  28.01)  @  29.00 

Hominy  Chop .  22.50  @  23.00 

Linseed  Meal .  33.00  @  34  00 

Corn  Meal .  23.U0  @  24.00 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  15.90 

Middling  Gulf .  16.15 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  n.87 

Good  Middling .  15.78 

WOOL 

NewYorkFleeces,  Delaine,  unwashed. .  22  ®  .23 

Ohio  half  blobd  combing  . 26  @  .27 

Kentucky,  three-eighths  blood .  ’24  @  25 

Michigan,  half  blood . 24  @  !?5 

TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadleaf-llller . 08  ®  .10 

Fine  wrppcs . 6(1  @  .75 

N.  Y.  State  Fillers . 05  @  .00 

Fine  and  Selections . r>  ®  .16 

Ohio.  Zimmer's  Spanish. . 19  @  .20 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 07  @  .09b; 

Dark  Leaf . iu  ®  .20' 

Bright  Cutters . 12  ®  30 


The  MACY  SEPARATOR 


.45 


SEND  NO  MONEY 


30  Days  Trial 


Supply  Can 


You  waste  money 
if  you  pay  a  cent 
more  than  our  price 
for  a  Cream  Separa¬ 
tor.  You  can’t  af¬ 
ford  to  buy  from 
anyone  at  any  price 
until  you  have  sent 
a  postal  card  or  a 
letter  asking  us  for 
our  special  Cream 
Separator  offer.  We  save  you  half  of  agents’ 
prices— we  allow  you  30  days  trial  on  your 
own  farm — you  needn’t  send  us  a  cent  in  ad¬ 
vance,  if  you  prefer  not  to. 

THE  MACY  IS  THE  BEST  AND 
YOU  CAN  PROVE  IT 

We  will  send  you  a  machine  on  trial  so  you  can  find 
out  how  good  it  is.  No  Separator  costs  more  to  manu¬ 
facture  than  the  Macy,  yet  our  price  is  half  the  price 
asked  by  Agents.  Easiest  cleaned  machine  because  its 
skimming  device  is  aluminum.  Frictionless  pivot  ball 
bearings  make  it  easiest  running.  Guaranteed  forever. 
Five  sizes ;  five  popular-  factory-to-farm  prices.  Cut 
out  the  middleman's  profit— ketp  this  money 
in  your  own  pocket.  Write  to-day  for  our  special  intro¬ 
ductory  offer. 

R.  H.  MACY  &  CO. 

801  Macy  Building,  -  New  York 


Farmers  Now 
Making  Cheese 

Invention  of  Wonderful  Com¬ 
plete  Cheese-Making  Outfit 
Enables  Every  Farm  Home  to 
Make  Cheese  at  a  big  Profit. 


It  is  no  longer  necessary  for  Farmers  to  buy 
store  cheese  at  a  high  price,  or  sell  their  milk  to 
the  Cheese  Trust  at  a  low  price.  A  clever  inven¬ 
tor  has  perfected  a  Complete  Cheese-Making 
Outfit  which  enables  every  Farmer  to  make  either 
a  soft,  rich,  granular,  or  American  Cheddar 
cheese  right  at  home  either  for  his  own  con¬ 
sumption  or  for  sale  to  Dealers, 

Outfit  consists  of  the  following:  One  Cheese 
Press,  One  Horizontal  Curd  Knife,  One  Perpen¬ 
dicular  Curd  Knife,  One  Dairy  Thermometer, 
One  Bottle  Rennett  Extract,  One  Bottle  Col¬ 
oring  Matter  and  One  Mold.  This  Complete 
Cheese-Making  Outfit  is  sold  direct  from  factory 
to  farm  at  one  small  profit  over  actual  cost  to 
manufacture.  It  is  simple,  inexpensive,  easily 
operated  and  pays  for  itself  in  a  very  short  time. 

Capacity  of  this  Outfit  is  from  25  to  40  quarts, 
making  a  cheese  weighing  from  eight  to  ten 
pounds.  With  milk  selling  around  80  and  90  cents 
per  hundred,  any  Farmer  can  save  about  one- 
third  of  the  price  he  pays  for  store  cheese,  and 
at  the  same  time  have  an  outlet  for  either  his 
whole  or  skimmed  milk.  This  excellent  home¬ 
made  cheese  sells  readily  to  the  Dealer  at  a  big 
profit,  either  for  cash  or  in  exchange  for  goods. 

This  wonderful  Complete  Cheese-Making  Outfit 
is  manufactured  by  the  Holland  Sporting  Goods 
Mfg.  Co.,  Dept.  E  Holland,  Mich.  Every  Farmer 
should  write  them  for  full  description  of  the  Out¬ 
fit,  prices,  etc.,  and  exact  directions  telling  how 
to  make  cheese  at  a  profit  right  on  the  farm. 


A  Reliable  Water  Supply  System 

Have  "running  water  when  amt  where 
you  want  It.”  Pumped  from  stream,  pond 
orspring.  Noexpfense  tor  powerjno  trouble; 
no  repairs.  Install  U  yourself,  or  we  will 
Install  for  you  a 

FOSTER  HIGH-DUTY  RAM 

ami  guarantee  to  put  it  in  to  your  on- 
tiro  satisfaction,  for  a  fixcl  sum, 
ogrootl  upon  in  a<!vatico.  No  trouble 
Or  exponso  to  maintain.  Write  us. } 

Power  Specialty  Company 

111  Broadway,  Now  York 


flsfck 


The  terra  conn  tile  well  cistern  is  the  simplest, 

cheapest,  most  practical  and  sanitary  method 
known  for  producing  plenty  of  pure  water  for 
village  or  city  water  supplies,  for  Fire  Depts, 
irrigating  or  domestic  purposes,  protected  by 
patents,  endorsed  by  the  U.  S.  Geological  survey, 
easy  to  learn  and  operate,  plenty  of  work  and  large 
profits.  State  and  county  rights  for  sale.  A 
full  investigation  solicited.  For  particulars  en¬ 
quire  of  J.  ELLIOTT,  Melville,  N.  Y. 


I  WILL  pay  big  wages  and 
furnish  house  free  to  a 
first  rate  farm  hand  who 
understands  cultivation, 
spraying  and  pruning  peach 
and  apple  trees — married 
man  preferred.  Address  giv¬ 
ing  references  and  wages 
expected.  GEO.  BATTEN, 
Walpack  Centre,  New  Jersey. 


New  Method  of  Celery  Growing. 

Can  you  describe  the  new  method  of 
growing  celery  without  banking,  as  appears 
to  be  practiced  by  some  ?  e.  r. 

Meadville,  I’a. 

This  “new”  method  consists  in  planting 
the  celery  close  together  on  rich  level  ground 
The  plants  are  put  one  foot  or  15  inches 
each  way.  The  ground  is  made  verv  rich  with 
manure  or  fertilizer  and  thoroughly  fined. 
It  is  necessary  to  have  some  system  of  ir¬ 
rigation  to  .provide  water.  The  plants  are 
forced  into  a  rank,  solid  growth,  and  being 
so  close  together  they  shade  and  blanch 
each  other.  This  is  no  "system”  for  an 
amateur ! 


FARM  FOR  SALE— Ideal  place  for  city  party  wanting 
Summer  Home  for  family.  Write  for  particu¬ 
lars.  No  postals.  1SOX  63,  Oak  -  Hill,  N.  Y. 


JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  COMPANY, 

Commission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York, 
Poultry,  F.ggs,  Meats,  Produce.  Shipments  Solicited. 


Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.,  -  Boston. 


Highest  Quality  and  Best  Color 


The  prepotency  of  the  Guernsey  Bull  or  his 
ability  to  stamp  the  desirable  characteristics  of  the 
breed  on  his  offspring 

Makes  him  most  valuable  for  improving  the 
common  dairy  stock  of  any  section. 


A  Dairy  of  Grade  Guernseys  will  give  Rich, 
Fine- Flavored,  High-Colored  Milk, 
Cream  and  Butter. 


FURTHER  INFORMATION  REGARDING  THE  GRADE 
GUERNSEYS  BY  ADDRESSING 

The  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club 

Box  R  PETERBOEO,  N.  H. 

T  WANT  to  purchase  3  good 
A  grade  Jersey  Cows — must  be 
fresh  or  nearly  so  and  bred. 
Address  with  full  description 
and  price,  GEO.  BATTEN, 
Walpack  Centre,  New  Jersey. 

JERSEY  COWS -ItettSrt 

FRANK  A.  MAR0N,  Bush  Bldg., 34th  St  .Brooklyn,  N.Y. 


JERSEY  BULL 

Registered  thoroughbred, about  two  yearsohl.  First 
prize  winner  Conn.  State  Fair.  Lady  Letty’s  Victor, 
sire:  Beauty  of  Flanders, dam.  Sellingeheap  to  close 
out  herd.  J.  P.  MARST0N,  247  Atlantic  Ave.,  Boston,  Mass. 


PlTNNY  BANK  FARM  BERKSHI RES — 3  Service  Boars. 
0  Booking  orders  for  Spring  Pigs.  Masterpiece,  Long¬ 
fellow  and  Duke  Breedings.  Prices  reasonable.  Regis¬ 
tration  free.  A.  E.  JONES,  Itox  117,  llridgehanipton,  N,  Y. 

REGISTERED  BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

From  Son  of  Berryton  Duke,  Jr.,  77341,  and 
well  bred  Sows. 

JERSEY  BULLS  ALL  SOLD.  SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED. 

CHAS.  B.  DAYTON,  Snpt. 

She!<l  oner  oft,  -  -  Silver  Lake,  Fa. 


LARGE  YORKSHIRE  HOGS. 

I  have  for  sale  a  limited  number  of  four  months 
old  registered  pigs  from  imported  sire.  Better 
try  a  pair  of  this  genuine  bacon  hog.  Address  : 

W.  ALLAN  GARDNER, 
SNYDER,  ...  Erie  County,  N.  Y. 


EGGS^*S 

anteed.  H.  A. 


.  $3.  per 
leghorns. 

1HACHEK, 


100.  Single-comb 
Good  stock  guar- 
Ferulaek,  l’a. 


RABY  CHICKS— Single  Comb  White  Leghorns. 
|  1  ’  Rose  Comb  Rhode  Island  Reds,  7c  and  Sic  each. 
Strong  and  livablo.  From  vigorous  free  range  stock, 
bred  for  utility  and  standard  qualities.  Safe  delivery 
guaranteed.  WESLEY  GRINWELL,  Sodus,  N  Y 


Eleveax  First  Frizes 

At  leading  Poultry  Shows,  Indian  Runner  Ducks  and 
Rouen  Ducks.  Madison  Square  Garden  Winners  our  Rose- 
comb  Black  Minorcan  won  Silver  Cup  at  Paterson  and 
Barred  Plymouth  Rocks.  All  eggs  $2.00  per  15,  33.50  pcr30, 
$X  per  100.  Also  pure  bred  Angora  Goats  and  Collie  Dogs. 
$10  and  up.  CLARK  FARM,  BOONTON,  N.  J. 


I RDS  OF  QUA  LITY,  Bred  to  lay ;  S.  C.  W.  Leuiiorn 
Hatching  Eggs,  86  per  100;  Chicks,  $12  per  100. 
S.  C.  R.  I.  Red  Eggs,  $8  per  100;  Chicks,  $15 per  100 

THE  WINONA  FARIAS  .  Drawei  272  .  LANSDALE  PA. 


CARMS  WANTED—  hi  all  parts  of  New  York  State, 
1  Have  great  demand  for  good  farms.  Communi¬ 
cate  with  Dutchess  Really  Co.,  Pounlikeepsic.  N.  Y. 


FOR  SALF—I'n,lcl1  of  725  acres,  within  50  miles 
run  OHkC  o[  Buffalo,  N.  Y,  Bottom  lands, 
thoroughly  drained;  200  acres  black  muck  soil;  re¬ 
mainder  decomposed  vegetable  matter,  mostly  in 
hay;  large  barns,  til  1  necessary  machinery,  railroad 
switch  on  premises.  Will  pay  20  percent  on  invest¬ 
ment.  Good  reasons  for  selling.  For  further  infor¬ 
mation  address,  A  H.  JACKSON,  343  Grant  St. .Buffalo.  N.Y. 


JARM  TO  RENT— Good  chance  for  the  right  man.  Ad¬ 
dress  Ravella  Hall,  Hasbvouck,  Suil.  Co.,  N.Y. 


150  Farms 


FOR  SALE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horace  G.  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa. 


YOVSd  COUPLE  wants  place  on  farm  for  summer.  Little  ex¬ 
perience.  Willing.  Good  cook.  Low  wuges. 

S.  1.  iSAKKR  -  -  140  Jiromlway,  New  York* 


WANTED 


—  First-class  Dairyman  and  all¬ 
round  Farmer.  Experienced 
man  witli  college  training  preferred.  Fine 
location  near  city  of  30,000.  Registered  Stock.  Ex¬ 
cellent  markets.  Share  proposition  if  preferred. 
Address  “MICHIGAN,’’  care  Rural  New-Yorker. 


W  A  NT  ED  DAIRYMAN  coinPetent  to  supervise 
EXPERIENCED  “Ain  I  IY1AM  conversion  of  farm  of  275 
acres  within  two  miles  of  the  City  of  Cleveland  into 
a  dairy  farm  and  operato  same.  Preference  given  to 
one  able  to  contribute  something  to  the  business  on 
the  basis  of  a  favorable  working  interest.  Address 
I).  &  H.,  1015  Garfield  Bldg.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 


DO  YOU  NEED  FARM  HELP? 

The  Jewish  Agricultural  and  Industrial  Aid 
Society  has  on  its  lists  men  wishing  to  obtain  em- 
ploym  nt  upon  farms.  Most  of  them  are  without 
experience,  but  they  are  able-bodied  and  willing 
to  work.  They  speak  little  or  no  English,  although 
many  of  them  speak  German.  If  you  can  make 
use  of  such  help,  please  communicate  with  us, 
stating  what  you  will  pay,  whether  the  work  is 
permanent,  and  whether  you  prefer  a  single  or  a 
married  man.  We  are  a  philanthropic  organiza¬ 
tion,  whose  object  it  is  to  assist  and  encourage 
Jews  to  become  farmers.  We  charge  no  commis¬ 
sion  to  employer  or  employee.  Address 
THE  J.  A.  8  I.  A.  S.,  174  Second  Avenue,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


pi. EASE  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com- 
*  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter 
Eggs.  Poultry,  Pork,  Calves.  Hay,  Grain.  Beans, 

Appies.  etc.  I!.  U.  WOODWARD,  302  tireonnieii  St.,  .N.Y, 


Am  the  Friend 

F  armer 


Here  are 
Some 
of  My 
Favorite 
“Stunts”: 

Running 

— Corn  Shelters 
— Fanning  Mills 
— Washing  Machines 
— Churns 

— Cream  Separators 
— Grindstones 

—  Drag  Saws 

—  Spray  Pumps 

—  Bone  Cutters 
—Watering  Gardens 
— Home  Electric  Light 

Plants 

— Feed  Choppers 
— Polishing  Wheels 

—  Printing  Presses 
—Clipping  Machines 
— Bilge  Pumps 

• — Water-Supply  Sys¬ 
tems 

—Washing  Buggies, 
Windows,  etc. 


Farm  Pump  Engine 
Running  Washer,  Separator  and  Pump 

I  am  a  mighty  good  friend  of  the  Farmer  and  his  Wife. 

I’m  the  Silent  Partner  of  the  farm  and  I  work  without  pay,  for  a  lifetime.  I’ll  tackle 
any  task  that  comes  my  way.  I’m  so  chock  full  of  Power  that  Fve  got  to  keep  busy. 
I’m  the  Handy  Man  that  helps  the  wife — the  mother — do  the  very  hardest  work. 


Engine  Turning  Grindstone 
One  of  100  Uses 


Announcement 
to  Established 
Implement  and 
Hardware  Dealers 

In  order  to  take  care  of  the  big  de¬ 
mand  for  Farm  Pump  Engines  this 
summer,  we  are  arranging  to  open  up 
new  agencies  immediately  in  territory 
where  we  have  no  representation.  We 
distribute  our  entire  output,  both  Farm 
Pump  Engines  and  Double-Efficiency 
Engines,  through  regular  established 
dealers.  The  exclusive  agency  for 
Fuller  &  Johnson  Engines  is  a  big 
thing  for  the  live  dealer,  as  these 
engines  are  the  .most  widely  adver¬ 
tised  of  any  and  have  built  up  a  won¬ 
derful  reputation  for  pumping  service 
and  reliable  power. 

The  gasoline  engine  department 
should  be  the  backbone  of  any  imple¬ 
ment  business. 

Fuller  &  Johnson  dealers  consider 
our  Exclusive  Agency  their  most 
valuable  franchise. 

If  you  want  to  do  the  biggest  en¬ 
gine  business  in  your  locality,  com¬ 
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particulars. 

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Address  your  letter  to  our  Agency 
Department. 


When  Washday  comes,  I’m  on  the  job,  running  the 
washer  and  wringer  and  pumping  the  water,  besides.  I  run 
the  cream  separator.  I  churn  the  butter.  The  busier  I  am 
the  better  I  like  it. 

When  I’m  not  helping  the  women  folks  you’ll  find  me 
helping  the  men.  I  run  the  fanning  mill,  the. feed  cutter,  the 
wood  saw,  the  cider  press,  etc.  I  even  turn  the  grindstone. 

I  run  any  kind  of  hand-power  or  foot-power  machine  that 
is  ever  used  on  the  farm.  I’m  a  star  performer  at  pumping. 

I  can  pump  400  to  1,500  gallons  per  hour  and  keep  it  up 
all  day  long  without  getting  overheated.  I  hook  up  to  a 


pump  in  less  than  no  time  and  need  no  cement  foundation — 
no  belts,  no  pump  jacks,  no  arms,  no  anchor  posts,  tanks 
or  towers.  I’ll  run  outdoors,  in  a  snowstorm,  as  well  as 
under  a  roof.  •  .  i  i.  . 

I’ll  pump  water  on  the  hottest  summer  days  for  all  the 
stock  oh  the  place — and  plenty  for  house  use  besides. 

i  covered  myself  with  glory  last  summer  while  windmills 
were  standing  idle. 

I  can  save  so  much  time,  work,  wages,  and  worry  that 
you  and  your  folks  will  wonder  how  you  ever  managed  to 
run  the  place  without  my  assistance. 


Let  Me  Help  You  Run  The  Farm! 


FULLER  &  JOHNSON 


FA 


PUMP  ENGINE 


Woman’s  and  Man’s  Greatest  Work  Saver 


The  success  of  the  Fuller  &  Johnson  Farm  Pump  Engine 
is  unprecedented  in  the  history  of  gasoline  engines.  We 
worked  on  this  engine  for  years  before  we  sprung  the  sur¬ 
prise.  It  took  the  farmers  off  their  feet  when  we  showed 
them  what  we  had.  This  engine  is  different  from  anything 
ever  known.  It  is  a  PERFECT  air-cooled  engine — without 
fans  or  cooling  attachments  of  any  kind.  Working  parts 
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is  an  impossibility.  Starts  instantly.  Needs  no  attention 
while  running.  It  is  as  high  grade  in  every  way  as  automobile 
engines.  Has  pulley  for  running  all  kinds  of  light  machines. 

The  whole  thing  comes  to  you  complete — no  extras  to  buy. 
Ready  to  run  inside  of  15  minutes  after  being  uncrated. 


Successor  to  Windmills  on  Thousands  of  Farms 


Thousands  of  Windmills  are  being  torn  down  and  replaced  by  Farm 
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scores  of  other  tasks  about  the  place  which  no  Windmill  could  ever  touch. 
Get  a  Farm  Pump  Engine  and  have  an  unlimited  fresh  Water  Supply. 
Use  its  surplus  power  for  running  all  the  light  machines  on  the  place. 
Don't  put  off  ordering  a  Farm  Pump  Engine  until  hot  weather  or  you 
may  not  be  able  to  get  one  for  love  or  money.  The  rush  orders  last  sum¬ 
mer  cleaned  out  our  reserve  stock  quickly  and  many  were  forced  to  wait. 
The  demand  will  be  greater  than  ever — better  order  your  engine  NOW. 

The  engine  will  pay  big  dividends  on  the  small  investment  required. 
You  spend  a  great  deal  of  money  for  machinery  that  you  use  only  a  few 
weeks  in  the  year.  Here’s  one  that  is  available  every  day  in  the  year  and 
costs  you  less  than  a  windmill. 

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NEW  BERRY  CULTURE. 
Tying  Up  the  Canes, 

Our  system  of  growing  the 
cane  berries  was  originated 
in  the  Puget  Sound  country 
in  western  Washington, 
where  some  have  accom¬ 
plished  really  wonderful  re¬ 
sults.  The  writer  takes  no 
credit  for  it  except  that  he 
assisted  in  perfecting  some  of 
the  details.  Those  afraid  of 
putting  a  lot  of  work  on  a 
small  piece  of  land  may  as 
well  stop  here.  There  are 
plenty  of  ways  of  handling  an 
acre  of  berries  with  less 
work.  It  is  not  less  work 
that  we  want,  but  more  ber¬ 
ries  ;  not  cheaper  acres,  but 
cheaper  bushels,  and  we  think 
we  have  the  proper  method 
of  producing  them.  While 
our  experience  with  it  here  in 
the  East  is  not  very  exten¬ 
sive,  and  as  far  as  we  know 
others  have  not  tried  it  yet, 
it  is  certainly  worthy  a  more 
extensive  trial.  We  are  grow¬ 
ing  red  raspberries  and  black¬ 
berries  now ;  expect  to  handle 
blackcaps  the  same  way. 

The  soil  should  be  well 
drained  for  any  of  the  ber¬ 
ries,  but  especially  for  the 
red  raspberry,  as  they  posi¬ 
tively  will  not  stand  wet  feet, 
and  they  are  also  more  sen¬ 
sitive  than  the  others  to  any 
lack  of  moisture.  The  lighter 
soils  are  usually  recommend¬ 
ed  for  raspberries,  but  we 
find  they  do  very  well  on 
our  heavy  clay,  when  well 
drained.  The  location  is  not 
so  important  except  to  avoid 
windy  places.  A  southern  ex¬ 
posure  would  produce  ber¬ 
ries  earlier,  but  in  our  mar¬ 
ket  it  would  be  of  little  ad¬ 
vantage.  It  is  better  to  have 
the  rows  running  north  and 
south,  that  the  sun  may  shine 
on  both  sides  of  the  row.  We 
grow  the  Cuthbert  red  rasp¬ 
berry  and  think  it  is  hard  to 
beat.  We  got  Snyder  black¬ 
berries,  but  there  were  some 
other  kinds  mixed  with  them. 
This  was  a  serious  mistake; 
the  others  were  harder  to 
care  for  and  they  do  not 
ripen  together.  There  are 
several  good  blackberries.  We 
want  a  hardy  variety  that  is 
adapted  to  our  conditions,  a 
good  cropper  and  not  too  vig¬ 
orous  a  grower.  We  always 
get  enough  canes.  Some  va¬ 
rieties  greatly  increase  the 
work  by  excessive  growth. 

The  rows  should  be  full 
eight  feet  wide,  and  as 


FIVE-YEAR-OLD  BLACKBERRIES  READY  FOR  FIRST  CROP.  Fio.  213 


straight  as  possible,  to  facili¬ 
tate  cultivation.  With  the  soil 
well  prepared  set  the  plants 
three  feet  apart  in  the  row, 
and  cultivate  close  as  soon  as 
the  job  is  finished.  This  is 
important,  as  the  soil  is 
much  tramped  while  setting 
the  plants,  and  the  plants 
with  their  root  system  all 
broken  up,  struggling  to  keep 
alive  and  get  a  new  start, 
need  ideal  soil  conditions 
even  more  than  they  will 
later.  About  a  foot  of  the 
old  cane  should  be  left  to’ 
make  a  few  leaves  and  assist 
in  the  development  of  the 
plant  until  the  new  cane  is 
well  started,  when  it  is 
stripped  to  prevent  its  fruit¬ 
ing.  A  row  of  some  low- 
growing  crop  may  be  grown 
between  the  berries  the  first 
year.  Early  the  next  Spring 
set  a  row  of  seven-foot  posts 
in  each  berry  row  18  or  20 
feet  apart.  Except  at  the 
ends  we  use  posts  a  little 
smaller  than  the  regular  fence 
posts,  and  by  using  the  dig¬ 
ger  can  set  some  posts  that 
could  not  be  driven.  Then 
two  No.  12  wires  are  stretched, 
one  three  and  the  other  five 
feet  from  the  ground.  They 
need  not  be  very  tight.  We 
stretch  by  hand  and  drive  all 
the  staples  tight  so  there  is 
no  strain  on  the  end  posts. 
The  sprawling  branches  of 
the  first  year’s  growth  are 
gathered  together  and  tied  to 
the  wire  with  cotton  twine, 
about  twice  the  size  the  gro¬ 
cers  use  for  tying  packages. 
This  takes  longer  than  it  will 
to  tie  the  larger  canes  the 
next  year,  but  it  pays.  Now 
with  the  canes  all  up  in  a 
straight  narrow  row  the  cul¬ 
tivator  can  be  run  close  or 
two  horses  and  the  spring- 
tooth  harrow  may  be  used. 
The  first  canes  to  start  iff 
the  Spring,  especially  in  the 
blackberries,  are  from  the 
roots  one  to  two  or  more  feet 
from  the  crown.  It  requires 
some  nerve  to  destroy  these 
fine-looking  canes  when  those 
from  the  crown  have  not  yet 
made  their  appearance,  but  it 
is  very  important  that  the 
row  be  kept  narrow  at  the 
bottom,  never  more  than  a 
foot  wide,  usually  only  a  few 
inches.  The  rule  is  not  more 
than  six  canes  to  the  hill,  and 
no  canes  between  hills.  Less 
than  six  canes  will  do  very 
well  with  the  blackberries. 
Too  many  canes  produce  the 
same  result  we  would  get  by 


«k!ii 


THE  KURAb  NEW-YORKER 


May  27, 


planting  corn  too  thick,  more  stalks,  less  corn.  When 
the  new  growth  is  five  or  six  feet  high  the  canes  be¬ 
gin  to  lap  out  across  the  row.  These  are  tied  back 
loosely,  never  drawing  the  string  tight  around  a  grow¬ 
ing  cane.  Until  they  come  into  full  bearing  they  will 
branch  out  quite  freely.  These  branches  are  cut  back 
hard  in  the  Spring. 

So  far  the  treatment  of  the  different  varieties  is 
much  the  same,  but  here  in  the  East  we  must  make 
a  difference  after  the  second  year,  for,  under  different 
soil  and  climatic  conditions,  the  berries  do  not  act  the 
same  as  they  did  in  the  West.  They  had  a  theory  out 
there  that  the  size  and  vigor  of  the  fruit  bud  depends 
upon  the  size  and  vigor  of  the  leaf  directly  connected 
with  that  bud,  or  that  the  part  of  the  new  cane  ex¬ 
posed  to  the  sun  and  consequently  developing  large 
healthy  leaves  would  produce  a  better  foundation  for 
next  years  crop  than  the  lower  part,  which  is  so 
shaded  by  the  fruiting  canes  as  to  prevent  the  best 
development  of  the  leaves.  We  suspected  an  error 
here,  and  took  the  matter  up  with  our  State  Botanist. 
He  told  us  that  the  elaborated  sap,  after  passing 
through  the  leaves,  is  thrown  into  the  general  circula¬ 
tion  of  the  plant  from  which  the  buds  take  their 
nourishment,  and  that  the  leaf  does  not  nourish  the 
bud  at  its  axil,  although  in  some  cases  the  buds  are 
better  developed  near  good  strong  leaves.  This  left 
us  about  where  we  began,  and  we  went  to  the  plants 
themselves,  and  find  that  under  our  conditions  the 
blackberries  do  make  their  best  buds  above  the  fruit¬ 
ing  canes,  while  the  red  raspberries  are  just  the  op¬ 
posite,  making  their  big  plump  fruit  buds  on  the  lower 
part  of  the  canes.  And  they  are  just  as  much  shaded 
as  are  the  blackberries,  in  fact,  so  much  shaded  that 
the  leaves  are  pale  or  yellow  and  many  fall  off  during 
the  growing  season.  In  the  West  the  whole  cane  was 
allowed  to  fruit,  and  there  were  acres  that  averaged 
10  feet  high,  but  here  on  our  shallow  soil  we  think  it 
is  not  practical  on  account  of  our  limited  ability  to 
hold  moisture.  Our  reds  this  year  are  from  seven  to 
eight  feet  high  and  quite  regular,  six  canes  to  the 
hill.  They  are  spread  out  fan  shape,  and  tied  to  the 
wire  about  six  inches  apart,  which  leaves  no  spaces 
between  hills.  Then  they  are  all  cut  off  5%  to  six 
feet  high.  There  are  not  many  branches,  but  they 
are  cut  back. 

These  canes  will  grow  fruit  spurs  from  one  to 
three  feet  long,  and  we  will  have  all  the  brush  we 
can  handle.  The  tying  is  done  quite  rapidly;  we  use 
a  sort  of  shuttle,  such  as  the  fishermen  use  for  mak¬ 
ing  nets,  in  place  of  a  clumsy  ball  of  string;  tie  the 
first  cane,  then  draw  the  string  along  the  wire  to  the 
next  one,  pass  shuttle  over  the  wire,  around  the  cane, 
back  under  the  wire  and  between  it  and  the  string. 
This  makes  what  we  call  a  half  hitch,  and  we  are 
ready  to  go  on  to  the  next.  With  a  little  practice 
they  can  be  tied  as  fast  as  a  good  lively  boy  can  place 
them  in  position,  going  right  along,  rod  after  rod 
without  breaking  the  string.  It  is  well  to  double  this 
half  hitch  around  the  wire,  occasionally  making  a 
hard  knot,  so  that,  in  case  the  string  should  be  broken, 
only  a  few  canes  will  be  loosened.  With  all  the  canes 
in  a  straight  narrow  row  there  is  a  splendid  chance 
for  cultivation,  and  we  improve  it,  using  shallow  and 
level  cultivation.  I  think  I  would  be  tempted  to  use 
the  shotgun  if  I  saw  a  man  in  my  berry  batch  with  a 
turning  plow.  All  that  eight-foot  space  between  rows 
is  full  of  roots,  and  the  best  feeding  ground  is  near 
the  surface.  I  can  see  no  reason  for  tearing  up  those 
roots  more  than  enough  to  maintain  a  good  dust 
mulch.  Then  deep  working  by  breaking  roots  makes 
a  lot  more  suckers  to  contend  with. 

Mercer  Co.,  Pa.  b.  v.  Egbert. 

(To  be  continued.) 


HEAVY  CLAY  SOIL  AND  GRASS. 

I  am  trying  to  obtain  a  good  lawn  on  clayey  soil.  Al¬ 
though  it  works  easily,  breaking  up  into  fine  particles, 
after  the  Spring  rains  a  hard  surface  crust  is  formed 
which  afterwards  seams  and  cracks.  The  grass  is  sparse 
and  shallow-rooted.  s.  r. 

Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

We  once  observed  a  field  which  nature  designed  orig-’ 
inally  for  a  brickyard  made  into  a  fine  lawn.  It  was 
a  stiff,  hard  clay  which  baked  hard  after  a  few  days 
of  hot  sunshine.  Grass  started  feebly  and  died  early — 
burned  out  because  it  could  not  put  its  roots  down. 
Analysis  showed  that  this  soil  was  rich  in  plant  food, 
but  without  any  humus  and  of  a  pasty  texture.  Three 
things  were  needed:  a  deeper  range  for  the  roots,  an 
open  soil  and  vegetable  matter  to  hold  moisture. 
After  a  rain  and  before  the  soil  had  a  chance  to  bake 
it  was  plowed — three  heavy  horses  on  a  big  plow. 
Following  in  the  furrow  came  a  subsoil  plow,  which 
you  might  call  a  hog’s  nose  made  of  steel  and  fastened 
to  a  long  bar  so  it  will  work  deep  into  the  soil.  It 
follows  the  turning  plow  in  the  furrow,  ripping  the 
subsoil  but  not  turning  it  up.  Those  two  plows  tore 
up  the  soil  to  the  depth  of  nearly  18  inches.  The 
owner  put  3,000  pounds  per  acre  of  burned  lime  on 


an  acre  and  harrowed  it  in.  It  was  at  first  almost 
impossible  to  break  up  the  hard  lumps,  but  after  a 
rain  the  action  of  the  lime  made  those  big  lumps 
crumble,  and  the  soil  did  not  bake  as  before.  You 
could  spoil  a  batch  of  bricks  by  dumping  lime  into 
the  clay  before  baking!  On  the  field  mentioned  a 
heavy  seeding  of  Japanese  millet  was  started.  When 
in  full  growth  this  was  plowed  under  and  the  soil 
firmly  packed.  Then  grass  was  seeded  in  the  Fall 
with  a  small  amount  of  soluble  fertilizer.  This  grass 
came  in  and  made  a  good  lawn.  The  subsoiling  made 
a  deeper  range  for  the  grass  roots,  the  lime  changed 
the  character  of  the  clay  and  the  millet  added  or¬ 
ganic  matter. 

With  changes  to  suit  condition,  that  is  the  way  to 
start  grass  on  a  hard  clay.  If  the  lawn  is  small  spade 
it  as  deeply  as  possible.  Lime  heavily  with  burned 
lime  and  rake  or  harrow  in.  If  not  convenient  to  use 
some  growing  crop  put  on  a  coat  of  fine  manure  and 
spade  or  hoe  it  under.  Then  level  and  sow  the  seed. 
It  will  do  better  if  seeded  in  late  Summer  or  early 
Fall.  Use  a  “lawn  mixture”  or  a  combination  of  Blue 
grass,  Red-top  and  White  clover. 


HANDLING  YARD  MANURE  EASILY. 

Seeing  so  much  printed  about  manure  spreaders,  I 
want  to  tell  how  to  do  the  work  with  a  disk  harrow 
and  a  pair  of  dump  boards  or  dump  carts.  I  make 
my  stable  lot  long  and  narrow,  on  a  level  place,  lot  all 
stock  every  night  and  feed  all  over  the  lot,  moving 
the  feed  racks  from  place  to  place  as  the  litter  gets 
too  high.  Every  once  in  a  while  I  go  over  the  lot 
with  a  disk,  after  a  rain,  and  cut  all  fine;  do  this  all 
Summer,  and  by  Winter  or  Spring  you  will  have  a 
fine  lot  of  plant  food.  Now  comes  the  money  saving 
part.  With  one  man  and  two  wagons  I  can  put  more 
on  the  field  than  any  manure  spreader  with  only  one 


“SOAP  WEED”  ON  THE  DESERT.  Fig.  214. 


man  to  help  load  and  do  it  in  a  satisfactory  way. 
The  dump  boards,  2x6,  sides  two  feet  high  on  each 
wagon,  make  it  easy  for  one  man  to  unload  by  taking 
off  one  side  and  dump  whole  load  or  part  as  you  like. 
Let  helper  load  other  wagon  while  gone,  and  an  hour 
before  night  take  him  along  with  last  load,  and  work¬ 
ing  right  and  left  along  your  row  of  piles  it  is  soon 
scattered  and  your  day’s  work  will  please  you.  The 
disk  fines  it  and  a  potato  scoop-fork  loads  a  wagon 
in  no  time,  and  once  over  the  field  with  a  harrow 
beats  any  spreader,  all  things  considered. 

Texas.  e.  p.  stones. 


A  TOWN  HERD  OF  BLACKS. 

The  accompanying  picture,  Fig.  216,  shows  a  small 
but  interesting  herd  of  Angus  cattle  bred  and  raised 
on  a  small  lot  in  a  big  city.  Three  years  ago  the  cow 
was  brought  from  a  South  Dakota  ranch  and  stabled 
in  a  small  barn  about  16  feet  square,  and  located  at 
the  rear  of  a  coal  and  feed  selling  office  at  the  corner 
of  Wentworth  Avenue  and  63d  Street,  Chicago.  The 
cow  was  then  less  than  two  years  old  and  weighed 
1350  pounds.  She  had  been  bred  in  South  Dakota, 
and  the  following  Spring  she  brought  forth  a  heifer 
calf.  Still  later  she  was  again  bred,  and  this  time 
produced  a  fine  bull  calf,  and  she  is  now  due  to  calve 
in  June  or  July,  after  which  the  whole  family  will  be 
shipped  back  to  the  900-acre  farm  near  Groton,  South 
Dakota.  All  of  these  animals  are  of  pure  Angus 
stock.  The  cow  is  registered  as  Groton  Isabella,  her 
sire  was  Ebony  Lester  and  her  dam  Princess  Adeline 
II.  The  heifer  is  registered  as  Groton  Fay,  but  if 
possible  this  name  will  be  changed  to  Chicago  Girl. 
She  was  sired  by  Ebony  Lester  III.  The  bull  was 
sired  by  Imported  Ebrito,  and  the  cow  is  now  with 
calf  from  the  same  sire.  The  bull  will  be  registered 
as  Chicago  Boy.  The  animals  are  owned  and  were 
fed  by  Francis  T.  McKee.  The  calves  were  allowed 
to  suckle  their  dam  until  they  were  nearly  a  year  old, 
and  great  care  was  taken  in  giving  them  grain  and 


roughage  with  plenty  of  water.  All  the  exercise  they 
got  was  in  the  small  lot  adjoining  the  stable,  save 
that  Isabella  and  her  calf  were  turned  out  on  pasture 
a  short  period  of  two  years.  The  heifer  last  Winter 
was  shown  at  the  International,  where  she  attracted 
a  deal  of  attention  from  Angus  breeders.  Mr.  McKee 
has  a  large  herd  of  this  breed  on  his  South  Dakota 
farm.  j.  L.  graff. 

Illinois. 


CHANGING  ALFALFA  FOR  CORN. 

Here  is  a  problem  in  selling  a  farm  crop  which  gives 
a  good  chance  for  figuring: 

In  the  management  of  this  farm  I  have  never  been  able 
to  grow  as  much  corn  to  the  acre  a.s  I  thought  I  should. 
To  make  lamb  feeding  even  up  I  buy  more  or  less  corn 
delivered  mainly  in  the  crib  this  year  at  40  cents  per 
bushel.  I  have  been  selling  the  surplus  Alfalfa  hay  to 
make  room  for  the  crop.  After  deducting  15  per  cent  for 
shrinking  my  Alfalfa  last  year  averaged  a  fraction  over 
three  tons  per  acre.  This  puts  over  90  bushels  of  com 
per  acre  into  my  crib,  the  selling  price  of  the  hay  being 
$12.50  per  ton.  I  think  the  hay  will  yield  much  better 
this  year,  as  the  use  of  the  spring-tooth  harrow  practically 
cleaned  out  all  the  grass,  i.  e.,  Crab  grass,  Blue  grass 
and  oxtail.  john  m.  jamison. 

Ross  Co.,  Ohio. 

This  brings  up  several  questions  which  every  farmer 
should  consider.  Many  agricultural  teachers  say  that 
neither  clover  nor  Alfalfa  should  ever  be  sold  from 
the  farm.  You  remember  what  J.  H.  Hale  says  Mr. 
J.  S.  Woodward  told  him  (page  500)  :  “Never  let  a 
load  of  clover  hay  leave  your  farm  or  go  by  it!” 

Yet  Mi-.  Jamison  is  a  good  farmer,  and  he  thinks 
it  pays  to  sell  some  Alfalfa  and  buy  corn.  Let  us 
see  what  the  exchange  means  in  food  value  and  plant 
food.  We  assume  the  96  bushels  means  ear  corn.  At 
the  usual  method  of  figuring  this  means  76.8  bushels 
of  shelled  corn  of  56  pounds  each.  Here  is  the  com¬ 
parison  in  food  value : 

Protein.  Carbs.  Fat. 

3  tons  Alfalfa  hay .  660  2376  720 

76.8  bushels  corn .  340  2868  1849 

Here  we  have  a  loss  in  protein  but  a  good  gain  in 
the  fattening  elements,  which  are  needed  to  fatten  the 
lambs.  The  showing  for  plant  food  is  as  follows : 

Nitrogen.  Plios.  Acid.  Potash. 

3  tons  Alfalfa  hay .  132  31  100 

76.8  bushels  corn .  78  30  17 

Here  is  a  loss  on  the  exchange  of  54  pounds  of 
nitrogen  and  83  pounds  of  potash.  In  the  form  of 
chemical  fertilizers  this  would  cost  nearly  $15.  Yet 
in  lamb  feeding  the  corn  or  a  similar  feed  is  neces¬ 
sary.  The  lambs  could  not  be  fattened  without  it. 

HANDLING  THE  STAW  PILE. 

The  picture  at  Fig.  215  shows  our  method  of 
putting  away  the  straw  pile  so  often  an  eyesore  on  the 
farm.  This  is  not  a  general  practice  here,  and  in 
fact  we  are  the  only  ones  I  know  of  that  practice 
cutting  up  their  straw.  Some  burn  it  in  the  field, 
others  sell  from  the  field  or  bale  it,  others  leave  it  in 
the  field  to  rot  or  for  stock  to  tear  down,  and  others 
fill  their  spare  barn  room  with  it  for  bedding.  The 
outfit  consists  of  a  No.  12  Blizzard  silage  cutter  and 
a  six-horse  traction  engine.  This  requires  an  engineer, 
feeder,  and  two  or  three  men  to  keep  the  straw  to  it. 
The  barn  is  50  feet  long,  and  at  haying  time  is  filled 
as  full  of  hay  as  a  hayfork  will  fill  it.  This  settles 
some  and  then  with  the  end  of  the  pipe  extending 
into  the  barn  for  about  five  feet  we  fill  her  full  to  the 
rafters  from  end  to  end,  and  it  takes  a  pile  of  straw 
that  looks  as  big  as  the  barn  to  do  it. 

Perhaps  some  will  say,  “What  are  you  going  to  do 
with  it?”  as  we  said  to  ourselves  the  first  year  we 
tried  putting  in  part  of  it  this  way.  The  cows  find 
a  manger  full  of  clover  or  Alfalfa,  when  turned  in 
in  the  evening.  This  is  gone  by  the  time  chores  are 
done,  so  we  pile  the  manger  full  of  cut  straw.  We 
thought  they  would  pull  it  out  under  their  feet  by 
morning  but  to  our  surprise  the  mangers  were  empty 
and  no  extra  bedding  was  to  be  seen.  They  eat  it  up 
slick  and  clean  and  are  still  at  it.  Cut  straw  as 
roughage  has  saved  us  tons  of  high-priced  hay,  and  I 
believe  our  cows  have  done  better  on  it  than  on  all 
hay.  We  feed  clover,  Alfalfa,  and  vetch  hay,  silage, 
kale,  and  roots,  with  oat  chop  and  bran  for  mill  feed, 
but  whatever  this  ration  they  get  their  daily  feed  of 
cut  straw.  This  has  helped  us  solve  the  question  of 
high  cost  of  living  for  the  cows,  and  at  the  same 
time  has  reduced  labor.  It  goes  in  in  a  hurry  this  way, 
requires  no  mowing  away,  and  what  goes  out  as  bed¬ 
ding  puts  the  manure  in  the  best  possible  shape  to 
handle  and  become  plant  food  again.  Let  those  who 
are  looking  for  a  cheap  roughage  try  a  little  this  way 
(not  too  much  or  your  conscience  might  hurt  you) 
and  see  how  they  eat  it  up  like  it  was  good.  The  en¬ 
gine  besides  cutting  the  straw  furnishes  power  for 
cutting  the  silage,  chops  the  grain,  cuts  wood,  and  any¬ 
thing  else  it  is  called  upon  to  do. 

Oreson.  chas.  h.  hays. 


1911- 

DUST  METHOD  OF  SPRAYING. 
Advantages  Over  Liquids  in  Missouri. 

In  a  recent  issue  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  I  noticed  a  letter 
by  Senator  H.  M.  Dunlap,  of  Illinois,  on  orchard 
spraying,  etc.  Like  most  of  the  Illinois  apple  growers, 
the  Senator  seems  to  be  a  liquid  sprayer,  for  he 
doesn’t  say  anything  about  the  so-called  dust  process. 
Here  in  Missouri  quite  a  number  of  the  larger  growers 
have  in  later  years  resorted  to  the  latter  method  for 
fighting  fungi  and  insect  troubles  because  it  is  cheaper, 
more  easily  done,  and  equally  as  efficient.  On  my  or¬ 
chards,  of  about  1,000  acres,  I  am  using  both  the  liquid 
and  dust  process,  and  so  far  have  found  very  little  if 
any  difference  in  results.  This  season  I  have  been 
compelled  to  use  the  dust  entirely  after  the  trees 
bloomed,  for  we  have  had  so  much  rain  which  made 
the  ground,  especially  on  plowed  areas,  so  soft  that  it 
was  impossible,  and  still  is  impossible,  to  get  through 
the  orchards  with  the  liquid  spray.  Senator  Dunlap 
having  mentioned  the  ingredients  used  in  his  liquid 
process,  I  will  give  you  the  formula  I  use  in  making 
the  dust.  For  a  carrier  which  takes  the  place  of  water 
I  use  hydrated  lime,  and  the  difference  in  favor  of 
the  latter,  aside  from  its  being  very  light  to  haul,  while 
water  is  very  heavy,  is  that  lime  in  itself  is  an  ex¬ 
cellent  fungicide  and  insecticide,  while 
water  has  no  value  whatever,  except  as 
a  conveyor  and  distributor  of  the  ma¬ 
terials  which  are  of  value.  As  a  fungi¬ 
cide  as  well  as  insecticide,  I  have  found 
the  following  formula  most  satisfactory 
in  my  orchards:  To  100  pounds  hy¬ 
drated  lime  I  use  six  pounds  of  flour  of 
sulphur,  three  pounds  powdered  blue 
vitriol  and  three  pounds  powdered 
arsenate  of  lead  or  Paris  green.  The 
lime  and  arsenate  of  lead  having  been 
ground  exceedingly  fine,  are  ready  to 
mix  with  the  other  materials  without 
any  additional  preparation,  but  the 
blue  vitriol  and  sulphur  I  prefer  to  run 
through  a  very  fine  sieve  before  mix¬ 
ing.  I  make  the  application  with  five 
hand-power  machines,  three  men  to 
each  wagon,  and  aim  to  do  the  work  as 
near  as  possible  when  the  atmosphere 
is  damp  or  dew  on  the  foliage.  Next 
season  I  expect  to  equip  my  orchards 
with  four  first-class  gasoline  power  dust 
machines  so  that  I  can  get  over  them  as 
rapidly  as  possible  and  as  often  as  may 
appear  necessary.  I  am  no  crank  on  the 
dust  process  or  on  the  liquid  process  as 
some  growers  and  professional  men  are; 

I  believe  both  are  good,  but  the  fact 
that  I  can  apply  dust  so  much  easier, 
quicker  and  cheaper,  and  believing  it  to 
be  equally  as  good,  inclines  me  in  its 
favor. 

The  apples  in  this  section  have  about 
all  passed  the  blossoming  period  and  are 
setting  well.  The  bloom  on  the  Ben 
Davis  trees  was  not  as  heavy  as  usual, 
and  from  all  I  can  learn  there  will  be 
no  bumper  crop  of  that  variety  this 
year  in  the  so-called  Ben  Davis  belt.  I 
hope  this  will  afford  a  crumb  of  com¬ 
fort  to  the  small  army  of  epicurean 
cranks  who  every  now  and  then  take  a 
delight,  apparently,  in  abusing  this  highly  popular  and 
most  profitable  commercial  apple  here  in  the  Middle 
West.  LOUIS  ERB. 


THE  STUDENT  LABOR  PROBLEM. 

A  Statement  From  Dr.  L.  H.  Bailey. 

There  has  been  much  discussion  in  the  journals 
in  the  past  two  or  three  years  touching  the  problem 
of  student  labor.  There  seems  to  be  some  complaint 
that  students  from  the  colleges  of  agriculture  do  not 
give  satisfaction  when  they  work  on  farms.  On  the 
other  hand,  there  are  farmers  who  have  derived  much 
satisfaction  from  student  labor.  The  probability  is 
that  the  same  student  would  not  give  equal  satis¬ 
faction  with  two  classes  of  employers.  I  am  con¬ 
vinced  that  there  is  a  general  misunderstanding  of 
the  student  labor  problem,  and  I  propose  to  make 
some  suggestions  toward  setting  the  matter  right. 

THE  FUNCTION  OF  A  COLLEGE  OF  AGRI- 
CULTURE.  —  It  is  commonly  charged  that  a 
college  of  agriculture  teaches  a  student  the 
theory  rather  than  the  practice.  The  necessary 
purpose  of  a  college  of  agriculture  is  to  teach  the 
theory,  or  the  underlying  reasons.  This  is  the 
purpose  of  all  colleges.  There  is  no  other  way 
whereby  a  person  can  get  the  theory  quickly  and 
systematically.  All  good  progress  depends  on  a 


\TELR  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

clear  conception  of  the  fundamental  facts  and  the 
theory.  One  must  know  the  character  of  the  soil, 
its  chemical  constitution,  its  physical  relations,  its 
germ  life,  and  the  principles  that  underlie  its  manage 
ment.  One  must  have  a  rational  conception  of  the 
processes  in  plant  physiology,  in  animal  nutrition,  and 
in  the  general  practices  of  crop  and  animal  production. 
He  must  have  a  grasp  of  the  principles  of  mechanics 
as  they  are  applied  in  farming  implements  and  ma¬ 
chinery.  If  he  is  to  be  a  citizen  as  well  as  a  farmer, 
he  must  have  a  basis  for  judgment  on  educational, 
social  and  economic  questions. 

The  whole  basis  of  the  progress  of  industrial  edu¬ 
cation  is  the  contention  that  the  scientific,  mechanical, 
agricultural,  and  similar  subjects  may  be  as  effective 
means  of  training  a  man’s  mind  as  are  the  older  or 
traditional  subjects,  provided  they  are  equally  well 
taught.  Of  course,  a  student  should  have  hand  prac¬ 
tice  in  his  college  life.  This  practice  is  primarily  for 
the  purpose  of  training  him  to  see  and  to  understand 
the  principles  that  are  involved,  and  to  fix  in  his  mind 
the  subject-matter  of  lectures,  books  and  classes.  It 
cannot  be  said  that  the  ordinary  class-work  or  the 
practice-work  is  the  more  important,  since  both  are 
essential.  One  is  the  complement  of  the  other.  The 
practice  is  the  laboratory-work  of  the  college.  This 


laboratory-work  may  be  performed  in  a  room  with 
soils  or  machines  or  plants  or  test-tubes  or  milk,  or 
it  may  be  performed  with  these  or  similar  materials 
in  the  fields  themselves. 

It  is  the  commonest  notion  that  a  student  should  be 
trained  to  be  a  business  farmer  by  working  on  the 
college  farm.  This  is  a  fallacy,  and  for  three  reasons. 
In  the  first  place,  a  college  farm  is  not  a  nornlal  farm. 
It  is  obliged  to  do  a  great  many  things  that  a  farmer’s 
fa  rm  never  does.  It  must  grow  a  great  variety  of 
crops  and  keep  a  great  range  of  stock  merely  for 
illustration  and  exhibition ;  the  teams  must  be  avail¬ 
able  for  class  study  and  for  showing  visitors  about 
the  place,  and  for  doing  many  other  things  that  are 
not  farming;  the  place  must  be  kept  polished  in  every 
part  whether  it  is  financially  profitable  to  keep  it  in 
this  condition  or  not.  The  college  farm  must  grow 
such  a  variety  of  things  and  engage  in  so  many  en¬ 
terprises  that  it  cartnot  be  organized  as  a  whole  into 
a  commercial  or  “practical”  scheme.  It  must  grow 
much  material  for  class  study  rather  than  for  market, 
Such  a  farm  exists  for  other  purposes,  (l)  as  a 
laboratory,  (2)  as  a  demonstration-ground,  and  (3) 
as  an  area  on  which  experiments  may  be  made.  In 
the  second  placce,  it  is  a  physical  impossibility  to 
teach  any  number  of  students  all  the  operations  of 
even  ordinary  farming.  Suppose  that  an  institution 
has  200  students  (and  this  is  now  a  small  number  for 


623 

many  colleges  of  agriculture)  and  it  purposes  to 
train  every  one  of  these  students  in  the  art  of  plowing. 
I  take  it  that  the  student  really  cannot  learn  to  plow 
unless  he  has  at  least  an  acre  of  ground;  and  any 
farmer  knows  that  a  beginner  cannot  become  a  good 
plowman  till  he  has  plowed  many  acres.  This  requires 
200  acres  of  land  at  the  outset.  Let  any  farmer  own¬ 
ing  200  or  300  acres  of  land  endeavor  to  teach  200 
students  how  to  plow :  would  he  be  able  to  do  any 
farming?  If  in  addition  to  teaching  these  students 
how  to  plow,  it  were  designed  to  teach  them  to  run 
a  grain  drill,  to  become  skillful  with  a  weeder,  a 
sulky  cultivator,  a  one-horse  cultivator,  not  to  mention 
the  common  hand-tools,  the  farmer  would  find  himself 
still  further  submerged.  It  would  be  impossible  for 
him  to  bring  the  students  and  the  crops  together  at 
the  right  time.  If  an  institution  had  ten  or  a  dozen 
students  and  a  good  farm  of  200  or  300  acres,  and 
if  these  students  were  on  the  farm  the  whole  year, 
it  might  be  able  to  teach  them  the  practical  operations 
of  farming;  but  it  would  be  a  good  deal  better  and 
much  cheaper  to  put  them  on  the  farms  of  good 
practical  farmers.  In  the  third  place,  a  student  cannot 
afford  to  go  to  college  for  the  purpose  of  learning 
things  that  he  ought  to  learn  on  his  own  farm,  or  on 
the  farm  of  some  other  person.  It  is  too  expensive ; 

it  takes  too  much  time.  He  would 
better  be  devoting  himself  to  his  studies 
and  his  laboratory  practice. 

The  college  should  train  the  student 
in  the  handicraft  and  the  manual  skill 
of  those  operations  that  are  integral 
parts  of  his  regular  educationl  work, 
and  these  are  the  operations  that  are 
least  likely  to  be  vvell  taught  on  a  r?al 
farm.  Such  work  as  the  running  ot 
gasoline  and  steam  engines,  rope-tyimq 
making  butter  and  cheese,  testing  soil-, 
picking  and  packing  chickens,  sorting 
and  grading  apples,  breeding  plants, 
feeding  animals,  judging  cattle  and 
crops,  running  incubators,  shearing 
sheep,  laying  drains,  spraying,  grafting, 
pruning,  planning  buildings,  laying  out 
fields,  testing  cows,  and  the  like,  may 
very  well  be  taught  in  an  institution; 
they  are  taught  not  because  they  are. 
“practical,”  but  because  they  are  items 
in  an  educational  programme ;  but  all 
these  together  do  not  make  up  training 
in  running  a  farm,  but  are  only  parts 
or  pieces  of  forward  farm  processes. 

I  wish  to  enlarge  on  the  physical  im¬ 
possibility  of  giving  students  an  all¬ 
round  practical  training  in  agricultural 
subjects.  I  have  asked  a  good  many 
farmers  what  kinds  of  practical  work 
the  student  should  be  taught  in  a  college 
of  agriculture.  Every  farmer  has  given 
me  a  different  list.  The  fruit-grower 
will  recommend  training  in  a  different 
line  of  subjects  from  the  stock-grower, 
the  greenhouse  man,  the  truck-gardener, 
the  dairyman,  or  the  general  farmer. 
The  kinds  of  work  that  are  needed  on 
any  one  farm  run  into  the  hundreds; 
when  these  are  multiplied  by  all  the 
different  kinds  of  farms,  they  run  into 
the  thousands.  It  is,  of  course,  alsolutelv 
impossible  for  any  one  institution  to  pro¬ 
vide  training  in  all  these  different  lines ;  and  yet  many 
persons  seem  to  expect  that  a  graduate  of  a  college  of 
agriculture  should  be  ready  at  once  to  take  up  any  kind 
of  manual  and  practical  work  that  may  be  presented  to 
him  and  to  do  it  better  than  persons  who  have  had 
practice  all  their  lives.  Colleges  of  agriculture  are 
constantly  widening  the  range  of  subjects  in  which 
practical  hand  work  is  given,  and  this  tendency  will 
greatly  increase ;  but  even  so,  it  will  be  impossible 
for  any  college  of  agriculture  ever  to  compass  the 
whole  field  of  manual  training  in  the  arts  of  agricul¬ 
ture,  and  it  should  not  be  asked  to  do  so. 

Dean,  N.  Y.,  Agricultural  College.  L.  H.  bailey. 

(To  be  continued.) 

Every  year  we  have  some  50  questions  about 
“stringy”  milk — usually  from  people  who  keep  one 
or  two  cows.  The  milk  after  standing  a  few  hours 
begins  to  grow  slimy  and  fills  up  with  lumps  or 
strings.  People  say  that  their  pans  and  pails  are 
“clean,”  and  they  usually  charge  the  cow  or  her  feed 
with  the  trouble.  As  a  rule  the  cow  has  nothing  to  do 
with  it.  The  slime  is  caused  by  a  germ  which  lives 
in  the  stable  filth  or  in  the  pails  and  pans.  In  some 
cases  where  pails  are  cleaned  with  warm  water  this 
germ  is  not  killed,  but  simply  has  a  refreshing  bath. 
It  is  found  in  cracks  or  seams  in  the  tin,  and  the  worst 
place  for  it  is  in  the  strainer.  In  many  homes  a  cloth 
strainer  is  used  and  rinsed  after  using  in  warm  water. 
The  remedy  for  this  trouble  is  to  boil  all  pans,  pails 
and  strainers — everything  that  the  milk  touches.  The 
barn  should  be  kept  clean. 


.  '  V  '  *•  -  .  -  ' 

_ _ '  _  '  ' _ i _ ■  ' 

HANDLING  STRAW  IN  OREGON.  Fig.  215. 


TRIO  OF  ANGUS  CATTLE.  Fig.  216. 


024 


THE  RUK-A.L  NEW-YORKER 


May  27, 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[  Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
name  and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure 
attention.  Before  asking  a  question,  please  see 
whether  it  is  not  answered  in  our  advertising 
columns.  Ask  only  a  few  questions  at  one  time. 
Put  questions  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper.} 

A  One-man  Air  Pressure  Sprayer. 

On  page  560  I  note  an  inquiry  of  J.  B. 
B.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  in  relation  to  a 
“one-man  spray  rig,’’  and  thinking  my 
experience  may  be  of  value  to  him,  I 
shall  relate  it.  I  am  an  accountant  by 
profession,  having  lived  on  a  farm  in 
the  early  part  of  my  life,  but  in  my 
fortieth  year  the  call  of  the  soil  wooed 
me  back  to  the  farm,  and  after  my  daily 
duties  are  completed,  my  spare  time  is 
devoted  to  the  raising  of  poultry  and 
hogs,  fruit  and  truck  crops.  Last  year 
I  used  a  small  compressed  air  sprayer 
which  did  very  good  work,  but  my  time 
being  limited  to  a  few  hours  every 
evening,  it  required  too  much  time 
pumping  to  keep  the  necessary  pressure. 
This  year  I  purchased  a  wheel  outfit 
and  had  the  manufacturers  attach  a  gal¬ 
vanized  iron  tank,  capable  of  withstand¬ 
ing  a  pressure  of  200  pounds,  and  a 
capacity  of  10  gallons.  Before  com¬ 
mencing  to  spray  1  use  the  pump  to 
secure  as  high  a  presure  as  I  possibly 
can,  which  requires  but  a  few  minutes, 
and  having  20  feet  of  hose  and  14  feet 
of  spray  rod,  I  can  spray  on  all  sides 
of  a  tree,  and  not  be  under  the  neces¬ 
sity  of  moving  sprayer  or  pumping  until 
after  tree  is  completed. 

West  Virginia.  f.  e.  peterson. 


Taking  Twist  from  Rope. 

N.  C.,  New  York. — Will  you  tell  inc  what 
1  can  do  to  keep  a  new  hay  rope,  seven- 
eighths  inch,  from  twisting  between  the  load 
and  car?  It  is  fixed  so  one  end  is  fastened 
in  car  down  through  pulley  in  fork  back  to 
car.  The  double  rope  twists  so  a  team 
cannot  draw  a  small  load  up.  I  took  the 
rope  and  drew  it  about  two  miles,  making 
short  turns  around  fence  posts,  but  did  no 
good. 

Ans. — If  you  will  coil  rope  to  the  left 
twice,  and  then  take  the  end  and  pass 
it  down  through  the  coil  and  then  coil 
it  once  to  the  right  you  will  probably 
take  the  twist  out.  We  have  this  infor¬ 
mation  from  a  party  who  has  handled 
and  sold  rope  for  a  great  many  years. 

Size  of  Golf  Links. 

J.  L.,  Mattituek,  N.  7. — Let  me  know  the 
smallest  piece  of  ground  that  can  be  uti¬ 
lized  for  a  golf  ground.  I  have  a  laige 
lawn  in  front  of  my  orchard  and  am  won¬ 
dering  if  it  is  large  enough  to  be  used  for 
that  purpose. 

Ans. — J.  L.  could  not  have  a  golf 
ground  of  less  than  10  acres,  unless  he 
has  a  long  narrow  strip  of  land  which 
he  could  utilize.  A  golf  course  is  gener¬ 
ally  laid  out  in  a  large  circular  course, 
starting  at  one  point  and  returning  to 
nearly  the  same  place.  The  course 
is  generally  nine  holes,  but  can  be  made 
double  size,  that  is,  18,  but  for  a  per¬ 
son  to  play  in  a  more  or  less  retired 
way  a  shorter  course  could  be  made.  I 
am  afraid  your  correspondent’s  lawn 
does  not  offer  a  good  golf  course. 

Massachusetts.  wilfrid  wheeler. 

Preparing  Horseradish. 

J.  S.,  Kenton,  Mich. — Will  you  give  me 
full  Instruction  how  to  put  up  horseradish 
for  home  and  commercial  use? 

Ans. — Wash  and  peel  the  horse¬ 
radish  roots,  then  grate  upon  a  coarse 
grater;  there  are  graters  made  for  this 
purpose.  Several  of  our  correspondents 
tell  us  that  they  save  smarting  eyes  and 
fingers  by  cutting  the  root  into  thin 
strips  and  then  running  it  through  a 
meat  chopper  set  to  ground  fine.  Care 
must  be  taken,  however,  that  the  grind¬ 
ing  is  fine,  and  that  no  lumps  get 
through.  The  grated  root  is  then  put 
into  small  wide-mouthed  bottles,  which 
are  filled  three-fourths  full  with  solid 
horseradish  and  then  filled  up  with  good 
cold  vinegar  and  corked  tight.  The 
horseradish  should  mix  with  the  vinegar 
so  that  it  is  of  uniform  consistency, 
showing  little  or  no  clear  vinegar  at  the 


top.  The  horseradish  should  only  be 
grated  in  sufficient  quantity  for  prompt 
sale,  as  it  cannot  be  kept  for  any  length 
of  time  without  turning  dark  and  thus 
deteriorating  in  quality.  Large  manu¬ 
facturers  have  experimented  in  many 
ways  to  prevent  this  discoloring,  but  we 
believe  without  success,  and  it  is  now 
generally  recognized  that  pure  grated 
horseradish  cannot  be  held  in  best  con¬ 
dition  and  must  therefore  be  sold  soon 
after  preparing. 

Chilled  Iron  Castings. 

,J.  It.  (No  Address). — Can  you  tell  me 
how  chilled  iron  castings  are  made?  At 
what  part  of  the  process  is  the  chilling 
done? 

Ans. — The  chilling  is  accomplished  by 
pouring  the  molten  iron  on  to  an  iron 
chill  forming  part  of  the  mold,  in  place 
of  having  the  mold  rnade  entirely  of 
sand  as  is  usual  in  the  case  of  gray  iron 
castings.  This  causes  the  hot  iron  to 
begin  chilling  when  it  comes  in  contact 
with  the  chill  or  iron  part  of  the  mold, 
and  the  chilling  of  the  iron  takes  plate 
during  the  cooling  process.  Different 
grades  of  iron  are  required  for  chilled 
castings  from  what  is  needed  for  gray 
iron  castings,  and  it  is,  also,  necessary 
to  have  a  proper  mixture  to  get  the  de¬ 
sired  result.  There  are  a  number  of 
other  factors  that  enter  into  the  suc¬ 
cessful  making  of  chilled  parts,  but  the 
above  answers  the  main  question  as  to 
what  causes  the  chilling  and  when  it 
takes  place. 

SYRACUSE  CHILLED  PLOW  CO. 

Raising  Fish  in  Pennsylvania. 

M.  N.,  Logan's  Ferry,  Pa. — How  could  I 
build  a  fish  pond?  On  my  farm  there  is  a 
never-failing  spring  of  very  cold  water. 
What  kind  of  fish  would  be  best  for  breed¬ 
ing?  I  would  like  to  start  with  about  two 
dozen  pair  at  first.  How  •  and  what  are 
they  fed?  Where  can  they  be  purchased? 
Would  they  flourish  in  very  cold  spring 
water? 

Ans. — If  the  water  in  the  pond  has  a 
temperature  of  not  over  60  degrees  dur¬ 
ing  the  Summer  months  brook  trout 
would  live  and  thrive.  No  intelligent 
answer  can  be  given  with  respect  to 
other  kinds  of  fish  unless  the  area  of  the 
pond  is  known.  In  all  probabilities  if 
the  water  is  not  suitable  for  trout  the 
most  suitable  fish  would  be  yellow  perch, 
catfish  or  sunfish.  It  should  be  said 
that  if  the  water  is  suitable  for  trout  it 
would  be  impossible  for  him  to  plant 
fish  in  one  pond.  He  would  have  to 
have  several,  because  the  large  fish 
would  eat  the  small  ones.  Trout  may 
be  fed  either  on  lungs,  liver,  meat  of 
almost  any  kind,  preferably  lungs  and 
liver.  Catfish  and  sunfish  and  yellow 
perch  can  be  fed  with  stale  bread. 
Trout  may  be  purchased  from  any  com¬ 
mercial  hatchery,  and  he  can  find  them 
in  the  advertising  pages  of  the  sporting 
magazines.  I  know  of  no  place  where 
perch,  catfish  or  sunfish  can  be  pur¬ 
chased  in  the  United  States.  Brook 
trout  would  thrive  in  very  cold  spring 
water,  but  no  other  fish. 

W.  E.  MEEHAN. 

Penn.  Commissioner  of  Fisheries. 

Well  of  Poor  Water. 

H.  V.  (No  Address ). — I  had  a  well 
drilled  48  feet  deep,  25  feet  ground  and  23 
feet  slate  rock.  We  -have  good  flow  of 
water,  but  it  is  not  fit  to  use,  having  a 
peculiar  odor  and  taste  like  swamp  water. 
As  we  have  to  have  water  and  being  the 
only  well  we  have  on  the  premises,  would 
it  be  advisable  to  go  down  deeper,  and 
could  that  flow  of  water  be  shut  off  if  a 
five-inch  pipe  was  inserted  in  the  six-inch 
pipe?  Would  this  flow  of  water  interfere 
with  the  new  flow,  if  we  strike  one,  or  would 
it  be  better  to  drill  a  new  well?  All  other 
wells  around  us  have  nice  clear  water. 

Ans. — It  is  not  possible  to  give  very 
trustworthy  advice  from  a  distance  re¬ 
garding  a  case  like  this  without  know¬ 
ing  the  local  conditions  and  the  judg¬ 
ment  of  a  local  experienced  well-driller 
is  likely  to  be  safer  to  follow.  It  is  not 
clear  how  the  unfiltered  swamp  water 
should  reach  the  slate  through  25  feet 
of  soil,  unless  the  water  is  coming 
through  a  fissure  in  the  slate  which  is 
filled  at  some  point  where  the  slate  ex¬ 


posure  is  near  the  surface  in  some 
swampy  place.  If  this  is  a  true  slate 
rock  it  might  be  doubtful  whether  go¬ 
ing  deeper  would  secure  another  flow, 
with  water  different  from  that  already 
obtained.  If  the  other  local  wells  ob¬ 
tain  their  water  supply  only  after  pene¬ 
trating  this  rock  to  some  distance,  there 
would  be  more  hope  of  getting  improved 
conditions  by  drilling  deeper  and  shutting 
off  the  upper  flow  with  the  customary 
seed-bag.  If  the  water  reaches  the  well 
through  some  fissure  rather  than  through 
the  general  broken  character  of  the  slate, 
the  chances  might  be  better  to  put  the 
well  down  in  another  place,  and  an  ex¬ 
perienced  local  well-driller  should  be 
able  to  judge  of  this.  F.  H.  king. 

Nitrate  of  Soda  on  Lawn. 

I  would  like  to  have  your  opinion  of 
nitrate  of  soda  for  a  lawn.  Would  you 
use  it  on  a  lawn  or  not?  If  so,  how  much 
would  you  use  to  the  acre?  The  lawn  had 
a  coat  of  manure  spread  over  it  in  the  Win¬ 
ter  and  the  coarsest  of  it  has  been  raked 
off.  J.  E.  p. 

Wilkesbarre,  Pa. 

We  would  not  use  nitrate  alone  unless 
the  grass  was  pale  in  color  and  showed  a 
sickly  growth.  Nitrate  contains  only  nitro¬ 
gen  as  plant  food.  The  manure  probably 
gave  enough  of  this  element.  If  the  grass 
does  not  grow  well  use  125  pounds  per  acre 
of  nitrate — evenly  scattered.  A  much  bet¬ 
ter  dressing  would  be  100  pounds  nitrate, 
300  fine  ground  lime  and  100  sulphate  of 
potash. 

Cover  Crops  in  Orchard. 

I  have  an  orchard  that  I  planted  for 
home  use,  about  one-third  of  an  aertj.  There 
are  different  kinds  of  fruit,  the  soil  is  a 
sandy  loam.  Last  Spring  I  turned  under 
a  good  stand  of  rye,  sowed  rye  again  last 
Fall,  but  up  to  the  present  time  there  is 
a  very  scant  stand.  I  am  not  living  on  the 
place  at  the  present  time,  and  I  have  had 
a  great  deal  of  trouble  in  the  last  year  to 
get  some  one  to  cultivate  it  for  me.  Could 
I  broadcast  cow  peas,  then  turn  under  in 
September,  and  then  put  in  rye  to  be  turned 
under  next  Spring?  Would  it  harm  the 
trees  to  do  this  instead  of  cultivating? 
The  trees  are  four  years  old.  Or  could  I 
put  this  orchard  in  sod?  c.  P. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Our  plan  would  be  to  let  the  rye  grow 
Until  late  in  May.  Then  cut  with  a  mower 
and  pile  the  crop  around  the  trees.  Scatter 
Early  Black  cow  peas  and  disk  or  plow  them 
in.  In  September  plow  the  cow  peas  under 
and  sow  rye. 

A  Garden  with  Chemicals. 

I  have  a  good-sized  city  garden  (100x200 
feet)  on  heavy  ground  that  bakes  hard  in 
Summer.  It  was  one  of  the  old  Flatbush 
farms,  and  I  suppose  all  the  fertility  was 
cropped  out  of  it.  I  don't  want  to  go  into 
much  permanent  development  of  the  soil, 
for  it  is  liable  to  be  built  on  at  any  time. 
Manure  is  practically-  not  available.  I  have 
on  hand  air-slaked  lime,  nitrate  of  soda, 
muriate  of  potash  and  Th6mas  phosphate 
powder ;  wish  to  grow  sweet  corn,  toma¬ 
toes,  beans,  beets,  carrots,  squash  and  cu¬ 
cumber.  I  suppose  the  soil  is  sour,  for  in 
past  years  tomatoes  and  beans  have  done 
well,  corn  and  squash  fairly  well,  and  the 
root  crops  have  refused  to  grow  at  all.  Can 
you  give  me  a  general  purpose  mixture  of 
the  above  chemicals?  Is  it  satisfactory  to 
mix  in  the  lime  and  possibly  sifted  coal 
ashes  to  act  as  a  filler  and  help  loosen  up 
the  ground?  Should  part  of  the  nitrate  be 
saved  out  for  a  second  application  later  in 
the  Summer?  It  is  a  nuisance  to  broad¬ 
cast  the  lime,  and  1  would  rather  apply  it 
direct  in  the  rows  if  possible.  E.  x.  H 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

We  have  many  questions  about  using 
lime  instead  of  manure  to  break  up  or 
open  soil.  Lime  will  not  do  this  as  well  as 
manure,  and  for  a  garden  on  such  soil  ma¬ 
nure  is  about  a  necessity.  It  will  not  do  to 
put  the  lime  in  the  rows.  It  should  be 
spread  all  over  the  soil  and  fully  worked  in. 
The  chemicals  you  have  are  not  the  best  for 
garden  crops,  but  a  fair  combination  would 
be  one  pound  of  nitrate,  three  pounds  slag, 
or  Thomas  powder  and  one  part  muriate  of 
potash.  You  can  use  half  the  nitrate  at 
seeding  time,  and  the  rest  while  the  crop  is 
growing,  scattered  along  the  rows  and  har¬ 
rowed  in.  But  do  not  expect  any  prize  gar¬ 
den  on  that  hard  soil  without  manure. 


The  MACY  SEPARATOR 


Low 
Seamless 
Supply  Can 


You  waste  money 
if  you  pay  a  cent 
more  than  our  price 
for  a  Cream  Separa¬ 
tor.  You  can’t  af¬ 
ford  to  buy  from 
anyone  at  any  price 
until  you  have  sent 
a  postal  card  or  a 
letter  asking  us  for 
our  special  Cream 
Separator  offer.  Wcsave  you  half  of  agents’ 
prices— we  allow  you  30  days  trial  on  your 
own  farm — you  needn’t  send  us  a  cent  in  ad¬ 
vance,  if  you  prefer  not  to. 

THE  MACY  IS  THE  BEST  AND 
YOU  CAN  PROVE  IT 

We  -will  send  you  a  machine  on  trial  so  you  can  find 
out  how  good  it  is.  No  Separator  costs  more  to  manu¬ 
facture  than  the  Macy,  yet  our  price  is  half  the  price 
asked  by  Agents.  Easiest  cleaned  machine  because  its 
skimming  device  is  aluminum.  Frictionless  pivot  ball 
bearings  make  it  easiest  running.  Guaranteed  forever. 
Five  sizes;  five  popular  factory -to- farm  prices.  Out 
out  the  middleman’s  profit ---keep  this  money 
in  your  own  pocket.  Write  to-day  for  our  special  intro¬ 
ductory  offer. 

R.  H.  MACY  &  CO. 

801  Macy  Building,  -  New  York 


LOCOMOBILE— Seven-passenger;  190(5  Model; 

40  horse  power;  rebuilt  1909;  chain  drive;  good 
engine;  approximate  speed  50  miles  an  hour.  Will 
demonstrate.  Address,  Prof.  WILLIAM  E. 
HUGHES,  3945  Chestnut  St.  Phila.,  Fa. 


ALFALFA 

All  Northern  grown,  guaranteed  to  be  99  porcent 
pure  and  free  from  dodder.  Write  for  free  sample 
on  which  we  invite  yon  to  get  Government  tests. 
This  seed  should  produce  hay  at  $60  per  acre]  an¬ 
nually.  Free  Instructions  on  growing. 

GRAIN  AND  GRASS  SEED 

Northern  grown  and  of  .strongest  vitality.  We 
handle  export  grade  only  and  can  furnish  grass 
mixture  suitable  for  any  soils.  Write  for  catalog. 

WING  SEED  CO.,  Box  223  Mechanicsburg,  O. 


Sweet  Potato  Plants 

list  free.  W.  S.  FORD 


only  $2.00  per  1000,  special 
prices  on  5000  lots,  Price 
&  SON,  Hartly,  Del. 


PUR  QAI  p — 900,000  Sweet  Potato  Plants,  Tomato 
run  OHL.C  mu]  Cabbage  Plants.  Send  today  for 
catalogue.  Fine  plants.  M.  N.  BORGO,  Vineland,  N.  J. 


CflR  QAI  P— Cow  Peas,  $2.50  to  $3.00  bushel; 
run  wHUl  Crimson  Clover  Seed,  $8. 50  bushel: 
Black-Eyed  Peas,  $3.00  bushel. 

JOSEPH  E.  HOLLAND  .  .  Milford.  Del. 


Dewdrop  Everbearing  Strawberry 

Largest  in  the  World.  Bears  First  Season.  Free 
circular.  H.  F.  DEW,  Albion,  Mich. 


CAItBAfiK  PLANTS  of  nil  kinds,  $1  per  1000;  Tomato  mid  Sweet 
Potato  Plants,  $1.50  per  1000;  Cauliflower  and  Peppers, $2.50 
per  1000.  Plants  ready  for  field.  J.  C.  Schmidt,  Bristol,  Pa. 


SALESMEN  WANTED 

Free  outfit.  Commission  paid  weekly.  Write  for 
terms.  PERRY  NURSERIES,  Rochester,  New  York 


CHOICE  COW  PEAS 

READY  NOW-NEW  ERAS.  BLACKS,  FRESH. 
CLEAN  SEKDS.  SAMPLE  FOR  STAMP. 
E.  G.  PACKARD,  Seed  Grower,  ltorcr,  Del. 


IAPANESE  MILLET  SEED  ;  sound,  clean  seed.  $1.50  per 
**  bushel.  M.  HATCH,  JR.,  Marshfield,  Mass. 


500,000  New  StoneTomato  Plants  For  Sale 

From  selected  seed  that  grow  the  big  crons  ready 
June  tne  First.  SI. 00  per  1000;  5000  for  S4.C0. 
CELERY,  CABGAGE,  RUBY  KING  PEPPER,  CAULIFLOWER  and 
SWEET  POTATO  PLANTS  in  their  season. 

Send  for  our  )9U  Catalog 

If  you  want  50,000  or  100,000  Tomato  Plants  we  can 
supply  you  with  extra  fino  plants.  ROMANCE  SEED  & 
PLANT  FARM,  CALEB  BOGGS  &  SON.  CHESW0L0,  DEL. 


BINDER  TWINE 

FACTORY  TO  FARM.  WANT  FARMER  AGENTS. 
Write  quick.  AUGUST  POST,  Moulton,  Iowa 


A  PROFITABLE  INVESTMENT 


^  Republic 

r.  Ornamental  Fence 
willenhancethc  value 


of  your  property. 

Republic ?Enc  e  s 

aremade  by  cabling  large  heavily  galvanized  wires 
and  i  kets,  corrugated  | 

iw-  only  at  point  of  intersection  ;  thus  forming  an  immovable  joint 
withoutinjuringthegalvanized  coating.  Most  durable  fence  made. 
A  variety  of  beautiful  designs.  May  be  erected  with  wood  or  iron  posts. 
Write  for  catalog.  If  you  need  Farm  Gates,  write  ior  Special  Farm  Gate  Catalog. 

REPUBLIC  FENCE  4  GATE  CO.,  2H  Republic  St.,  N.  Chicago,  111- 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


626 


BEAN  DISEASES. 

Reader,  Michigan. — What  is  best  to  do  in 
regard  to  blight  of  beans?  The  Red  Kidney 
beans  were  struck-  by  blight  last  year  in 
time  to  cut  the  crop  about  one-half.  It  is 
the  first  time  here.  What  treatment  should 
we  give  the  seed  before  planting  this  year? 

Ans. — True  bean  blight  is  a  bacterial 
disease,  attacking  leaves,  pods  and  seed 
of  practically  all  varieties,  including 
Limas.  Figs.  217  and  218,  from  Cornell 
bulletin  239,  show  leaf  and  pods  with 
this  disease.  Preventives  are  selection 
of  clean  seed,  removing  diseased  plants 
and  rotation  of  crops.  Thorough  spray¬ 
ing  with  Bordeaux,  five  pounds  copper 
sulphate,  and  four  of  lime  to  50  gallons 
of  water  has  been  found  useful.  Three 
applications  are  made,  two  at  10-day 
intervals  before  blossoming,  and  an¬ 
other  while  the  pods  are  forming.  An- 


BLIOrHTED  BEAN  LEAF.  Fig.  217. 

other  serious  bean  disease  is  anthrac- 
nose.  In  this,  rusty  brown  or  black 
spots  occur  on  the  stems,  pods  or  leaves. 
The  leaves  blacken  and  die  and  the 
seeds  are  shrunken  and  spotted.  The 
most  successful  treatment  is  Bordeaux 
in  the  strength  mentioned  above.  Ex¬ 
periments  have  been  made  in  treatment 
of  the  seed  with  formalin  and  corrosive 
sublimate,  but  the  results  have  not  been 
encouraging. 

BEES  AND  POISON  SPRAYS. 

A  local  paper  has  made  the  assertion 
that  the  practice  of  spraying  fruit  trees  is 
direct  cause  of  the  death  of  many  honey¬ 
bees,  and  that  the  bees  arc  now  being  re¬ 
duced  to  the  extent  of  affecting  the  produc¬ 
tion  of  honey.  Is  this  a  fact?  J.  d. 

Columbus,  Ohio. 

It  is  an  Indisputable  fact  that  the  spray¬ 
ing  of  fruit  trees  while  in  bloom  has  done 
the  bee-keeping  business  severe  injury. 
Many  large  yards  have  been  entirely  ruined 
by  the  practice,  and  many  others  seriously 
injured.  This  has  resulted  in  laws  more  or 
less  effective,  against  spraying  trees  during 
bloom,  and  I  wish  to  say  right  here  that 
the  man  who  sprays  two  or  three  days  be¬ 
fore  the  blossoms  are  all  off  the  trees,  does 
fully  as  much  harm  to  the  hees  as  if  he 
had  sprayed  at  the  beginning  of  bloom.  I 
think  all  authorities  agree  that  some  pol¬ 
len  gathering  insect  is  necessary  to  the 
proper  pollenization  of  the  blossom,  and 
the  honey-bee  is  the  most  active,  and  in 
most  cases  the  most  numerous  pollen-gath¬ 
erer,  and  can  always  be  depended  on  to  do 
its  duty.  Bees  being  very  short-lived  in¬ 
sects,  it  follows  that  in  Spring  it  is  neces¬ 
sary  for  them  to  rear  great  quantities  of 
young  bees  to  be  ready  for  the  honey  How 
when  it  comes  on.  The  food  of  the  larva  is 
produced  by  the  feeding,  or  nurse,  bees, 
much  as  milk  is  produced  by  cows  and  other 
animals,  by  special  glands  for  that  purpose. 
To  produce  this  larval  food  the  nurse  bees 
eat  pollen,  honey,  and  water,  and  under 
no  other  circumstances  will  a  bee  ever  use 
pollen.  Pollen  in  the  comb  is  often  called 
bee  bread.  It  has  been  estimated  that  a 
strong  colony  of  bees  will  use  as  much  as  a 
bushel  and  a  half  of  pollen  in  one  year. 
It  will  readily  be  seen  that  blossoms  sprayed 
with  poison  will  have  poisonous  pollen,  and 
in  case  of  open  blossoms  like  apple  and 
other  fruit,  from  the  nectar  of  which  honey 
is  made  will  also  contain  some  poison.  Now 
this  pollen  may  be  brought  into  the  hives 
and  used  up  nearly  as  fast  as  gathered,  in 
which  case  if  poisoned  it  will  result  in  kill¬ 
ing  the  larva  in  the  cells,  or  it  may  be 
stored  up  for  future  use,  but  the  result 
when  it  is  used  will  be  the  same.  On  the 
other  hand  the  honey  is  only  eaten  by  the 
mature  bees,  and  as  in  case  of  the  pollen  it 


may  be  immediately  consumed,  or  stored,  in 
either  case  it  means  dead  bees  when  eaten. 
Thus  it  is  easily  to  be  seen  that  a  colony 
may  easily  be  so  reduced  in  numbers  by 
getting  to  poison  sprayed  trees,  as  to  be 
worthless  for  honey  production,  as  it  is  only 
the  very  strong  colonies  that  can  get  any 
surplus  honey  for  their  owner,  and  they 
must  also  be  strong  at  the  right  time ;  that 
is  when  the  honey  flow  is  here,  and  if  they 
get  a  setback  during  fruit  bloom  instead 
of  a  push  ahead,  they  will  be  too  late 
even  if  they  happen  to  survive.  The  local 
paper  quoted  is  most  assuredly  right,  an'd  it 
would  be  a  good  thing  for  bee-keepers  if 
every  paper  which  circulates  in  the  fruit 
sections  would  go  and  do  likewise.  There 
is  also  another  phase  to  this  matter.  Any 
arsenical  spray  strong  enough  to  kill  insect 
life  will  also  kill  the  pollen  that  it  touches, 
so  as  to  make  it  useless  for  fertilization 
purposes.  This  fact  alone  should  deter  any¬ 
one  from  spraying  until  the  blossom  has  en- 


BLIGHT  PODS.  Fig.  218. 

tiroly  fallen.  Bees  also  gather  pollen  from 
many  other  sources  than  fruit  blossoms. 
Nearly  all  nectar  producers  are  also  pollen 
producers  to  a  greater  or  less  extent,  while 
some  heavy  producers  of  pollen  produce  no 
nectar  at  all.  Among  the  latter  are  the 
elm,  bee  ;h,  hard  maple,  and  some  of  the 
willows.  _  J.  A.  CUANE. 

Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y. 


A  Cement  Gun. 

The  concrete  gun  is  the  latest  develop¬ 
ment  in  concrete  making.  The  Cement  Age 
tells  of  a  machine  which  is  now  in  opera¬ 
tion  in  New  Jersey  by  means  of  which  a 
soft  concrete  is  blown  out  of  a  chamber  on 
much  the  same  principle  that  spray  material 
is  blown  upon  a  tree.  Dry  cement  mixed  in 
the  proportion  of  one  part  to  three  parts 
of  dry  screened  sand  is  put  into  a  tube  and 
air  pressure  applied  by  means  of  an  ingeni¬ 
ous  device.  This  dry  mixture  is  fed  out  at 
the  bottom  of  this  container  and  under 
strong  air  pressure  the  mixture  is  blown 
through  a  flexible  pipe  and  put  through  a 
nozzle.  As  it  leaves  the  nopzle  it  is  mixed 


with  water  which  is  supplied  by  a  small 
tube  which  connects  witli  this  cement  nozzle 
delivering  the  water  in  the  form  of  a  fine 
spray  as  the  cement  is  blown  out.  Thus 
we  have  the  “cement  gun.”  The  feed  of 
the  cement  and  sand  can  be  regulated  so 
that  any  quantity  desired  can  be  blown 
out,  and  the  quantity  of  water  can  also  be 
regulated.  In  using  this  gun  a  15  horse¬ 
power  gasoline  engine  compresses  the  air 
and  drives  it  through  the  tube.  The  mix¬ 
ture  of  cement  and  sand  is  put  in  at  the 
top  of  the  gun  by  an  ingenious  arrange¬ 
ment  and  power  is  then  started.  The 
workman  take  the  nozzle  of  the  pipe  at 
some  distance  away  from  the  “gun”  and 
the  soft  cement  thoroughly  mixed  with 
water  is  blown  with  great  power  wherever 
it  is  needed.  The  Cement  Age  describes  a 
job  at.  Orange,  N.  J.,  where  this  cement 
gun  is  used  for  coating  an  old  frame  build¬ 
ing  with  reinforced  concrete.  On  the  wall 
of  the  building  a  triangular  mesh  or  ordi¬ 
nary  wire  Is  strapped  into  place.  This  was 
then  sprayed  with  about  one  inch  of  this 
"gun  stuff.”  The  cement  was  blown  power¬ 
fully  against  the  building  and  into  the  wire 
so  that  it  remained  in  place  without  trou¬ 
ble.  For  fireproofing  an  old  timber  floor, 
four  inches  of  cinders  was  first  spread,  the 
gun  was  then  used  to  drive  the  filler  upon 
these  cinders.  Then  a  layer  of  -’teel  rein¬ 
forcement  was  spread  and  another  inch  of 
the  “gun  stuff”  blown  in.  This,  we  think, 
is  about  the  most  remarkable  development 
of  cement  application  that  has  yet  been 
heard  of. 


Collecting  Fish  in  Nova  Scotia. — The 
principle  of  collecting  food  products  to  be 
brought  to  a  central  point  for  manufacture 
or  distribution  is  becoming  very  extended. 
Throughout  the  West,  in  the  dairy  business, 
the  plan  of  using  a  separator  on  the  farm 
and  collecting  the  cream  is  becoming  well- 
nigh  universal,  and  the  cream  gatherers  are 
found  everywhere.  In  many  other  lines  of 
business  the  same  plan  has  worked  out. 
The  latest  scheme  of  this  kind  is  reported 
from  Nova  Scotia.  The  large  fishermen 
have  adopted  the  plan  of  cold  storage  for 
keeping  their  fish.  Instead  of  a  large  num¬ 
ber  of  fish  boats  coming  direct  to  the  stor¬ 
age,  several  steamers  have  been  put  in 
commission  to  cruise  up  and  down  the 
coast.  They  pick  up  the  fish  either  from 
the  fish  boats  or  from  stations  on  land,  and 
bring  it  to  the  cold  storage  houses,  where 
it  is  held  until  sold  or  cured.  The  captain 
of  the  steamer  buys  the  fish  wherever  he 
can  find  it.  This  saves  time  for  the  fisher¬ 
men,  as  they  are  not  obliged  to  sail  to  the 
storage  town  themselves,  and  also  enables 
the  company  to  obtain  steady  supplies  of 
fish. 

Experience  With  Poison  Ivy. — For  more 
than  50  years  the  writer  has  been  familiar 
with  .poison  ivy,  and  more  than  that  many 
times  poisoned  thereby.  I  have  struggled 
with  it  on  four  farms ;  have  used  scores  of 
white  and  colored  men  in  clearing  old  fence 
lines  and  building  new  ones.  I  am  not  a 
doctor,  but  have  prescribed  from  the  coun¬ 
sel  of  many.  Men  are  variously  susceptible 
to  the  poison,  and  I  have  around  me  those 
that  can  handle  it  with  absolute  immunity 
and  others  that  are  poisoned  by  proximity 
only.  These  last  are  warned  of  their  dan¬ 
ger  by  a  peculiar  stinging  in  the  eye,  fa¬ 
miliar  to  those  who  use  Prussian  blue  in 
paints.  Any  of  the  metallic  salts  in  solu¬ 
tion  will  cure,  but  what  will  cure  one  man 
is  no  good  for  another.  When  I  go  to  fence 
building  I  keep  in  stock  common  salt,  of 
course  ;  then  the  salts  of  iron,  copper,  lead 
and  zinc.  A  solution  of  Sanguinaria  Cana¬ 
densis  (bloodroot)  is  good;  so  is  a  covering 
of  potash  soap.  Your  correspondent  is  right 
in  saying  that  all  these  should  be  applied 
hot,  and  real  hot  water  is  as  good  as  any¬ 
thing  if  freely  used  before  eruption  and 
when  the  first  itching  begins. 

Kentucky.  h.  f.  iiillenmeyee. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


DAILY 

OUTPUT 

18,000 

BBLS 


YEARLY 

OUTPUT 

OVER 

6,500.000 


ALPHA 

PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


JACOBSON 

SELF-CONTAINED  ENGINE  WITH  AUTOMATIC  DRAINING 
WATER  TANK. 

No  Freezing;  No  Ovcrhcutlng 

No  I.nrico  YVutcr  Tank 

The  Agency  is  available  in  somo  sections  and 
valuable  in  all. 

JACOBSON  MACHINE  MFG.  CO. 

Ill  Irvine  Street  Warren, Pa. 


43  years’  successfui  operation. 
Used  in  nearly  all  parts  of  the 
world.  We  make  a  complete  line 
of  Drilling  Machines  and  tools 
for  every  condition  of  earth 
and  rock  drilling  and  min¬ 
eral  prospecting.  Complete 
catalogue  No.  120  showing  over 
40  stylus  of  machines  free. 

THE  AMERICAN  WELL  WORKS 

General  Office  and  Works: 
Aurora,  Ill. 
Chicago  Office:  First  National  Bank  Bn  tiding. 


Bump  Pure  \\  liter  with  Impure-Use 

or  stream  water  to  pump  pure  water 


Raises 
water  30  ft. 
tor  each  foot  of 
tall — no  trouble  or 
pumping  expense.  Satis¬ 
faction  guaranteed.  Booklet, 
plans,  estimate,  FREE. 

Rife  Engine  Co.,  2429 Trinity  Bldg.,  N.Y. 


CONTROLS 


LIGHTNI 


This  House  Was  Struck  by 


Loss  $3000!  Furniture  destroyed! 
Keepsakes  and  treasures  gone  !  Old 
associations  gone  forever !  Plans 
disarranged!  Hopes  defeated! 
Nothing  left  but  memory  ! 


$25  to  $50  invested  in  the 
Dodd  System  of  Lightning 
Protection  would  have  saved 
it  alL  Is  it  not  worth  while? 


Weigh  the  small  amoupt  of  money  required  in  the  balances  with  the  chances  you  are  taking  and  see  whether  you  can  afford 

to  continue  on  unprotected.  Don’t  doubt  it,  there  is  safety  in  the 

DODD  SYSTEM  of  Lightning  Protection 

The  thousands  of  Insurance  Companies  which  have  endorsed  Prof.  Dodd  and  his  great  work  are  not  mistaken.  Their  country 
fire  losses  are  over  six  million  dollars  a  year.  Three-fourths  of  the  fires  are  caused  by  lightning.  But  not  a  single  dollar’s 
loss  from  lightning  have  they  ever  had  on  any  of  the  thousands  of  insured  buildings  protected  by  the  Dodd  System. 

Get  Protection!  Get  It  Now! 


Standard  Copper  Cable  Rods.  Scientific  Installation.  Personal  Binding  Guar¬ 
antee  —  Refund  of  Money,  or  Make  Good  Damage  if  Damage  Occurs. 
All  included  in  the  Dodd  System  of  Protection. 


DODD  &  STRUTHERS,  437  6th  Ave.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa 


Benjamin  Franklin 
Originator  of  Lightning  Control 


West  Dodd ,  who  Perfected 
Lightning  Control 


It  is  folly  to  wait.  Lightning  will  not  always  spare  you.  The  small  investment  is  made  once  for  all.  The  Dodd  System 
lasts  your  lifetime.  While  you  are  at  it,  get  the  protection  that  you  know  really  protects.  Remember,  the  2000  Insurance 
Company  Endorsements  are  personal  with  Prof.  Dodd  and  his  System  only.  They  mention  him  by  name  in  their  resolutions. 
Read  them,  in  our  great  Free  Lightning  Book.  Endorsement  of  the  Dodd  System  is  universal. 


Write  for  fine,  big  Lightning  Book.  Large  pages,  fine  illustrations,  many  pictures  of  vivid 
lightning  flashes.  Kxplains  the  laws  of  lightning,  lightning  control,  the  Dodd  System. 
Gives  Guarantee,  Insurance  Company  indorsements,  etc.  FRKR.  Address 


b2(J 


May  27, 


WHITEWASHING  WITH  A  PUMP. 

Can  you  toll  us  just  how  to  use  white¬ 
wash  or  paint  with  a  sprayer  instead  of  a 
brush?  We  would  like  to  know  how  thin 
you  make  the  wash  or  paint,  what  sort 
of  a  nozzle  is  best,  how  much  power  re¬ 
quired  and  just  how  you  do  the  work. 

m.  u. 

In  order  to  whitewash  with  a  spray  in¬ 
stead  of  a  brush,  and  as  thoroughly  cover 
the  surface,  it  should  be  used  as  thick  as 
it  can  be  put  through  a  coax-se  nozzle.  I 
like  one  of  the  “Friend”  type — of  which 
there  are  now  many  on  the  market — with  a 
large  orifice.  The  amount  of  power  is  not 
necessarily  essential  to  good  work.  Of 
course  the  greater  the  pressure  the  more 
rapid  the  work,  and  the  finer  the  spray. 
I  have,  on  a  rainy  day,  used  a  hand  pump 
on  a  barrel,  and  made  as  complete  a  cov¬ 
ering  as  with  a  larger  outfit.  Ordinarily 
we  take  our  power  outfit  alongside  the 
stable,  take  off  the  rods,  and  put  the  nozzle 
on  the  end  of  the  hose,  so  that  it  may 
be  turned  readily,  set  the  engine  at  work 
and  the  job  is  quickly  done.  Of  course 
much  more  material  is  wasted  than  when  a 
brush  is  used,  but  in  this  case  as  in  all 
spraying — time  is  the  most  costly  ingre¬ 
dient.  I  like  the  Government  wash  much 
better  than  ordinary  lime  and  water.  True, 
it  is  more  bother  to  prepare,  and  more  ex¬ 
pensive,  but  it  does  not  scale,  and  gives  so 
much  better  finish,  that  the  increase  is 
well  worth  while.  The  following  is  the 
formula :  Slake  half  a  bushel  of  lime  with 
boiling  water,  keep  it  covered  during  the 
process.  Strain  it  and  add  a  peck  of  salt 
dissolved  in  warm  water,  three  pounds 
of  ground  rice  put  into  boiling  water  and 
boiled  to  a  thin  paste,  half  a  pound  of 
Spanish  whiting,  and  a  pound  of  glue,  dis¬ 
solved  in  warm  water ;  mix  these  well  to¬ 
gether  and  let  the  mixture  stand  for  sev¬ 
eral  days.  Then  heat  the  wash  as  hot  as 
possible  before  applying  it. 

EDWARD  VAN  ALSTYNE. 


CHERRY  GROWING  IN  WISCONSIN. 

The  prospects  for  a  good  fruit  crop  in 
Door  County,  Wis.,  are  very  good.  Fruit 
trees  of  all  varieties  are  very  well  budded. 
This  Spring  over  1,000  acres  of  cherries 
will  be  planted,  principally  the  Montmorency 
and  Early  Richmond.  Sturgeon  Bay  is  at¬ 
tracting  great  attention  for  its  continued 
success  in  cherry  culture,  with  a  good  crop 
last  year,  as  well  as  during  the  past  eight 
years,  and  still  back  of  this  we  find  that  for 
40  years  there  has  not  been  a  loss  from 
Spring  frosts.  Orchards  that  are  producing 
crops  year  after  year  certainly  must  have 
the  bearing  habit.  Two  of  the  essentials 
in  producing  the  bearing  habit  are  soil  and 
climatic  conditions.  The  modifying  influ¬ 
ence  of  the  waters  of  Lake  Michigan  and 
Green  Bay  gives  the  peninsula  a  cool,  back¬ 
ward  Spring,  which  prevents  a  rapid,  tender 
growth  that  would  not  be  sufficiently  hardy 
to  endure  subsequent  frosts.  It  is  several 
weeks  from  the  time  they  first  swell  until 
full  bloom  ;  during  that  time  they  strengthen 
and  become  hardy.  In  the  Fall  of  the 
year  they  have  another  effect  of  the  water, 
which  so  modifies  the  temperature  that 
there  is  a  long  time  when  the  fi'osts  are 
not  severe  enough  to  destroy  the  foliage,  hut 
allow  the  leaves  to  do  their  work  to  the 
fullest  extent,  ripening  the  twigs,  storing 
surplus  food  for  Spring  use,  hardening  and 
perfecting  the  buds.  Possibilities  in  hor¬ 
ticulture  at  Sturgeon  Bay  were  discovered 
in  1892  by  Mr.  A.  L.  Hatch  and  the  late 
Prof.  E.  S.  Goff.  They  at  once  noted  the 
effect  of  the  climate  and  soil  upon  the 
hearing  habit  of  fruit  trees.  They  were 
noticeable  for  the  crop  they  had  borne  and 
their  disposition  to  keep  at  it.  Mr.  Hatch 
has  a  cheri'y  orchard  of  about  five  acres 
planted  in  1898  which  has  produced  in  the 
last  three  years  7.380  crates  of  lb  quarts 
each,  that  sold  above  the  cost  of  crates 
and  packing  for  $8,246.  In  spraying  the 
cherries  Mr.  Hatch  advises  the  use  of  com¬ 
mercial  lime  and  sulphui*  as  a  Summer 
spray,  finding  that  he  gets  a  much  brighter 
foliage  than  with  Bordeaux  mixture ;  also 
that  it  is  not  necessary  to  spray  after  har¬ 
vest  as  he  did  when  using  Bordeaux  mix¬ 
ture’  On  plums,  especially  the  Japanese 
and  American  varieties,  there  is  a  distinct 
stimulative  effect  that  comes  with  the  first 
warm  days  after  spraying ;  also  he  finds  it 
very  effective  in  control  of  the  tlirips  on 
currants.  Last  year,  by  spraying  with  ar¬ 
senate  of  lead  and  lime-sulphur,  he  com¬ 
pletely  eradicated  the  plum  curculio,  by 
spraying  just  before  and  just  after  the 

bloom.  , 

As  to  methods  in  caring  for  the  orchards, 
they  are  cultivated  in  the  Spring,  and  along 
in  the  last  of  July  or  the  first  of  August 
they  are  sown  to  vetch,  or  some  sort  of 
cover  crop.  As  a  cover  crop,  vetch  seems 
to  be  the  better.  While  cherries  are  the 
leading  fruit  crop  grown  here,  still  fruits  of 
all  sorts  do  well.  In  apples  we  find  the 
McMahan,  Dudley,  Northwestern  Greening, 
Wealthv  and  Fameuse  among  the  best. 
With  proper  spraying  and  thinning  apple 
growing  has  proven  very  profitable,  especial¬ 
ly  in  the  Fall-bearing  varieties.  Owing  to 
their  being  so  far  north  they  come  on  the 
market  at  a  time  when  the  southern  apples 
are  gone,  therefore  bringing  a  very  good 
price.  All  that  Sturgeon  Bay  wants  is 
more  horticulturists,  as  there  are  thousands 
of  acres  of  land  very  well  adapted  to  the 
growing  of  fruit.  This,  together  with  the 
good  roads  and  splendid  shipping  facilities, 
offers  great  opportunities  in  horticulture. 


THE  RURAL  NEW  -  YOKKER 


GROWING  CABBAGE  PLANTS  UNDER 
CHEESECLOTH. 

Many  a  cabbage  grower  has  been  dis¬ 
gusted  when  his  plants  were  eaten  up 
by  flea  beetles  or  ruined  by  maggots. 
All  such  will  be  interested  in  a  recent 
bulletin  (No.  334)  issued  by  the  New 
York  Experiment  Station,  Geneva,  N.  Y. 
This  tells  how  to  save  the  plants  by 
growing  them  under  a  screen  of  cheese¬ 
cloth.  The  plan  is  almost  too  simple. 
You  start  the  plants  as  usual  and  keep  a 
roof  or  shelter  of  cheesecloth  over  them. 
That  is  all  there  is  to  it.  The  insects 
cannot  get  at  the  plants  to  eat  or  lay 
their  eggs.  The  following  suggestions 
are  made  in  the  bulletin : 

The  seed-bed  should  be  located  on  a  fer¬ 
tile,  well-drained  soil,  where  there  can  be 
no  accumulation  of  water  or  washing  under 
the  frame  by  rains.  It  is  also  desirable 
to  locate  the  bed  on  land  known  to  be  free 
from  weeds,  and  injurious  insects  such  as 
wire-worms  and  white  grubs.  The  ground 
should  certainly  be  free  from  the  disease 
known  as  club-root.  The  soil  should  be 


■MMm 


Sj3Sfligg 


taunt: 


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■MSM 


CHEESECLOTH  FOR  CABBAGE  BEDS. 

Fig.  219, 

thoroughly  cultivated  so  that  it  is  in  good 
physical  condition  at  seeding  time.  It  is 
customary  to  apply  liberal  amounts  of  high 
grade  commercial  fertilizer.  The  seed 
Should  be  drilled  rather  thickly,  in  rows 
six  or  eight  inches  apart.  When  the  early 
varieties  of  cabbage  are  to  be  grown,  the 
seed  should  be  planted  during  the  first  part 
of  May  or  even  earlier,  whereas  such  vari- 
ties  as  Danish  should  be  planted  about  May 
15.  Before  the  seed  is  drilled,  the  corners 
of  the  bed  should  be  staked,  so  that  the 
frame  can  be  built  and  the  cheesecloth  ap¬ 
plied  before  the  plants  come  up.  This  is 
important,  as  the  cloth  prevents  the  soil 
from  baking  and  conserves  the  moisture ; 
also  if  the  screening  is  delayed  until  after 
the  plants  come  up,  the  plants  are  subject 
to  injury  by  the  flea  bettle.  Six-inch  boards 
will  serve  for  the  frame  though  some  grow¬ 
ers  use  eight-inch  and  10-inch  boards  with 
satisfaction.  The  cloth  should  not  sag  and 
rest  on  the  plants.  This  may  be  prevented 
by  stretching  several  lengths  of  wire  from 
end  to  end  of  the  bed.  The  wires  should 
not  be  more  than  four  or  five  feet  apart. 
The  wire  can  bo  supported  on  stakes  to 
which  it  is  held  by  staples.  It  is  prefer¬ 
able  that  galvanized  wire  and  staples  be 
used  as  rusty  wire  wears  holes  in  the  cloth 
at  the  point  of  contact.  All  openings  under 
the  frame,  due  to  unevenness  in  the  soil, 
should  be  filled  by  banking  the  earth 
against  the  boards.  To  harden  the  plants 
so  they  will  not  wilt  beyond  recovery  when 


set  in  the  field,  the  cheesecloth  should  be 
removed  a  week  or  ten  days  before  trans¬ 
planting.  It  is  well  to  examine  the  soil 
about  the  plants  at  intervals  of  several 
days  after  they  have  been  uncovered  to  as¬ 
certain  if  eggs  are  being  deposited.  If  the 
eggs  are  numerous  the  plants  should  be 
transplanted  as  soon  as  possible,  the  earth 
being  shaken  from  the  roots,  which  will  dis¬ 
lodge  most  of  the  eggs  or  young  maggots. 
When  the  plants  have  reached  a  desirable 
size  they  should  be  transplanted,  as  they 
are  .liable  to  grow  too  long  and  spindling. 

At  Fig.  219  is  shown  strips  of  differ¬ 
ent  sorts  of  cheesecloth.  The  second 
strip  from  the  top  is  best.  This  contains 
31  threads  to  the  inch.  When  spread 
over  the  bed  this  cloth  will  keep  out  in¬ 
sects  and  give  out  light  enough.  This 
plan  has  been  followed  by  a  number  of 
practical  growers  for  a  number  of  years. 
In  some  cases  no  plank  sides  are  put 
around  the  beds,  but  the  cheesecloth  is 
simply  laid  over  the  plants  and  fastened 
at  the  edges  with  stones.  The  cost  of 
screening  ran  from  six  to  20  cents  per 
1,000  plants — the  average  about  15. 
Practically  no  maggots  were  found  on 
these  plants — for  the  insects  could  not 
get  under  to  lay  eggs. 

MISSOURI  FRUIT  CROP  REPORT. 

On  the  whole,  there  promises  to  be  a  good 
crop  of  apples  throughout  the  entire  State. 
There  is  universal  complaint  of  a  light 
bloom  with  the  Ben  Davis  type,  and  now 
and  t£en  a  few  other  varieties.  Jonathan 
promises  especially  well  almost  everywhere. 
Reports  seem  to  show  the  best  yield  in  the 
northeast  counties.  In  the  southwest  the 
crop  is  well  distributed,  although  not  par¬ 
ticularly  heavy.  The  best  prospect  for  EI- 
berta,  the  leading  commercial  peach,  is  in 
the  northeast  counties,  but  there  are  no 
large  orchards  there.  This  variety  was 
frozen  out  in  the  northwest  part  of  the 
State  during  the  Winter.  In  the  eastern 
counties  peaches  will  be  scarce,  except  a 
few  very  hardy  varieities  which  escaped  in¬ 
jury  in  March  and  May.  In  the  central 
counties  the  peach  crop  will  be  irregular. 
In  the  south  central  counties,  where  the 
large  peach  orchards  are  located,  there  will 
be  a  light  crop  of  Elbertas — probably  not 
more  than  10  per  cent.  Th"  damage  was 
done  there  by  the  freeze  in  March.  From 
every  part  of  the  State  the  reports  say 
there  will  be  from  75  to  100  per  cent,  of  a 
crop  of  strawberries.  The  cold  of  May  1 
nipped  some  of  the  earlier  sorts,  but  did  not 
affect  the  general  yield  very  much,  but  the 
season  will  be  a  few  days  later  than  usual. 
Pears  seem  to  have  suffered  greatly  from 
the  last  cold  wave,  as  this  fruit  is  reported 
short  from  nearly  all  sections. 

Lime-Sulphur  on  Potatoes. 

Tell  me  how  to  use  lime-sulphur  spray  on 
potatoes.  What  proportion?  Is  it  as  good 
as  or  better  than  Bordeaux?  H.  E.  0. 

Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

Our  reports  show  that  Bordeaux  is  still 
considered  better  for  potatoes  than  lime- 
sulphur.  We  should  stick  to  Bordeaux. 

Cinders  and  Rust.— I  have  no  experience 
with  fencing  that  could  have  rusted  from 
cinders.  Make  concrete  walks  with  your 
cinders  as  rough  base,  then  they  will  rust 
nothing.  Pipes,  water  or  otherwise,  will 
rust  and  become  completely  riddled  in  one 
to  three  years  if  laid  in  cinders.  This  I 
know  from  repeated  experiences.  I  think  it 
is  due  to  the  sulphur  and  moisture  which 
works  down  through  the  cinder,  probably 
forming  a  very  weak  sulphuric  acid.  This 
same  acid  may  form  during  damp  spells 
and  cause  rusting  of  fences.  But  be  sure 
you  never  bury  any  iron  work  in  cinders. 

Pennsylvania.  G.  w.  M. 

Lime  and  Sulphur. — I  have  seen  a  good 
many  letters  about  lime-sulphur  this  Spring, 
homemade  and  commercial  brands.  We 
used  the  homemade  last  year,  three  spray¬ 
ing  and  one  before  the  blossom,  two  after 
the  blossoms  Ml,  and  did  not  get  it  to 
test  better  than  29  B. ;  most  of  its  tested  25 
B.  This  season  1  have  made  60  barrels  and 
the  test  ran  all  the  way  from  29  B.  to  35  B. 
We  started  using  50  pounds  lime  to  100 
pounds  sulphur.  After  we  had  boiled  a 
few  barrels  we  found  that  we  got  a  better 
test  with  45  pounds  lime,  104  pounds  sul¬ 
phur,  boiled  40  minutes  with  no  sediment. 

Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y.  w.  w.  D. 

Live  Stock  and  Spraying. — Regarding 
the  question  of  danger  to  stock  in  sprayed 
orchards,  page  546,  would  say  that  we 
have  one  orchard  near  the  house,  in  sod, 
that  we  have  sprayed  at  least  three  times 
annually  with  poison  for  the  past  10  years. 
We  always  use  the  orchard  for  pasturing 
the  voung  Jersey  calves  that  we  raise  each 
year.  They  are  in  the  pasture  daily  all 
Summer.  Our  horses  also  run  in  the  or¬ 
chard  occasionally.  We  also  keep  at  least 
a  half  dozen  colony  houses  of  chickens 
here  in  the  Summer  from  the  time  they  are 
about  six  weeks  to  three  months  old. 
Neither  calves  nor  chicks  are  kept  out  of 
orchard  at  all  after  spraying,  and  we  get 
the  best  of  results.  Both  products  are  pro¬ 
nounced  fine  by  competent  judges.  These 
are  large  old  trees  100  years  old,  so  that  it 
takes  lots  of  spray  to  cover  them. 

Connecticut.  everett  e.  brown. 


OLD  RELIABLE 


MONTH 

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cost,  you  pay  no  extras,  no  interest,  no  agent’s  commissions 
—just  $2  a  month  until  the  special  low  factory  price  has 
been  paid  up.  But  you  get  the  machine  at  once  before  you 
spend  a  penny.  You  test  and  try  it  before  you  decide  to  buy  it. 

FREE  TRIAL-*-!  PAY  FREIGHT 

I  will  place  a  genuine  latest  model  Buckley  drop  head, 
patent  lift  sewing  machine  with  perfect  silver  finished 
attachments,  ball  bearing  stand,  all  complete  in  your  own 
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just  want  you  to  try  it.  If  it  isntthe  most  convincing  machine 
offer  you  ever  saw.  I’ll  take  it  back  at  no  expense  to  you. 
And  it  you  buy,  I  let  you  pay  a  little  each  month  and  guaran¬ 
tee  the  Buckley  25  years.  Write  for  description  and  my 
special  now  plan  at  once. 


SEND  NO  MONEY.  GET  FREE  BOOK 

Write  this  verv  day  for  my  Free  Catalog  and  special  free 
proposition.  All  sent  free.  Just  address  me 

M.  W.  BUCKLEY,  MANAGER 
Dept.  65  59  E.Van  Buren  St.,  Chicago 


As  they  some-  As  “8AVK-TIIE-HOK8E” 


MR.  M.  F.  TRACY,  OF  FONTANELLO,  IOWA, 
UNDER  DATE  OF  MAY  1,  1911,  SAYS:— “I 
USED  ’SAVE-THE-HORSE’  SOME  TWO 
YEARS  AGO  AND  WOULD  NOT  TAKE  SlOO 
FOR  WHAT  IS  LEFT  IN  THE  BOTTLE  IF  I 
COULD  NOT  GET  ANOTHER  BOTTLE.” 

Porksville,  Pa.— .Enclose  $5  for  bottle  of  “Save-the-lloi  ss.” 
Ten  years  ago  I  purchased  a  bottle  and  cured  the  worst  bog 
spavin  I  ever  saw.  GKO.  U.  KILLY,  U.  F,  D.  No.  2. 

Alton,  Iowa,  April  76,1911. — Have  used  your  medicine  fora 
number  of  years.  Cannot  recommend  it  too  highly.  1  had  a 
line  black  three-year-old  road  mare  which  became  so  lame  in 
pastern  Joint  she  could  not  walk.  Had  the  State  Veterinarian 
out;  he  punctured  and  tired  it,  charged  me  $15  and  left  her  in 
just  as  bad  condition  as  before.  I  bought  a  bottle  of  your 
remedy  and  iu  about  two  weeks  this  mare  was  as  sound  as  a 
dollar.  F.  R.  SMITH. 

“Save-the-Horse”  neither  burns  nor  freezes  anything; 
neither  is  it  blistering  poison.  It  is  the  most  powerful, 
humane  and  safest  remedy  known  to  veterinary  science 
and  practice  Imitated  and  counterfeited  more  than  any 
preparation  ever  made.  Could  you  have  stronger  evi¬ 
dence  of  its  supreme  and  unequalled  power?  Time 
counts  at  this  season.  Send  today  for  a  bottle,  or  if  in 
doubt,  write  us.  Describe  your  case. 

Expert  Veterinary  Advice  Always  Free 

Write  for  a  copy  of  OUR  SIGNED  LEGALLY  BINDING  C0K- 
TRACT— IT  WILL  CONVINCE  ;  also  Booklet  and  Letters  from 
Bankers,  Business  Men  and  Farmers  the  world  over  on 
every  kind  of  case.  IS  YEARS'  SUCCESS. 

$5.00  a  Bottle  with  signed  contract. 

This  is  a  binding  CONTRACT  and  protect*  purchaser  ab¬ 
solutely  in  treating  and  curing  any  cane  of  Hone  and  Bop  Spavin* 
Thorough  pin,  Hin;r»bone,(exeept  |«w),t’»irh,Splint,Capped  Hock, 
Wiudpwif,  Shoeltoii,  Injured  Tendons  and  all  Lameiies*.  No  *car 
or  loss  of  hair.  Horse  works  as  usual.  Send  for  copy  of  contract, 
booklet  on  all  lameness  ami  letters  from  promiuent  bmouee* 
men,  bankers,  farmers  and  horse  owners  the  world  over  oi. 
every  kind  of  case.  At  all  druggists  and  dealer*,  or  express  paid, 

Troy  Chemical  Co.,  24  Commercial  Ave.,  Binghamton,  N.Y. 


BOOKS  WORTH  BUYING 

American  Fruit  Oulturist,  Thomas. ...  $2.50 


Bush  Fruits,  Card .  1.50 

Principles  of  Fruit  Growing,  Bailey.  .  1.50 
Successful  Fruit  Culture,  Maynard.  .  .  .  LOO 

Dwarf  Fruit  Trees,  Waugh . 50 

Plums  and  Plum  Culture,  Waugh....  1.50 

Pruning  Book.  Bailey .  1.50 

Nursery  Book,  Bailey .  1-50 

Spraying  of  Plants.  Lodeman .  1.25 

Plant  Breeding,  Bailey .  1.25 

Evolution  of  Our  Native  Fruits,  Bailey  2.00 

Survival  of  The  Unlike,  Bailey .  2.00 

Horticulturists’  ILule  Book,  Bailey . 75 

The  Soil,  King .  1.50 

Soils,  Ililgard  .  4.00 

Fertility  of  the  Land,  Roberts .  1.50 

Irrigation  and  Drainage,  King .  1.50 

Fertilizers,  Voorhees  .  1.25 

Agriculture  and  Chemistry,  Storer,  3 

vols .  5.00 

Forage  Crops,  Voorhees .  1.50 

Principles  of  Agriculture,  Bailey .  1.25 

Garden  Making,  Bailey . 1.50 

Vegetable  Gardening,  Bailey .  1.50 

Forcing  Book,  Bailey .  1-25 

How  Crops  Grow,  Johnson .  1.50 

How  Crops  Feed.  Johnson .  1.50 

Cereals  in  America,  Hunt .  1.75 

Fcage  and  Fiber  Crops  in  Artierica, 

Hunt  .  L75 

Book  of  Alfalfa,  Coburn .  2.00 

Farm  Grasses  in  United  States,  Spill¬ 
man  .  1-00 

Clovers  and  now  to  Grow  Them,  Shaw  1.00 

The  Potato,  Fraser . 75 

Tomato  Culture,  Tracy . 50 

Celery  Culture,  Beattie . 50 

Bean  Culture,  Sevey . 50 

Asparagus,  Hexamer  . 50 

Mushrooms.  Falconer  .  1-00 

New  Rhubarb,  Culture,  Morse . 50 

Greenhouse  Construction,  Taft .  1.50 

Greenhouse  Management,  Taft .  1.50 

Chrysanthemum  Culture,  Herrington..  .50 

Plant  Culture,  Oliver .  1.50 

The  Rose,  Kingsley .  2.00 

Landscape  Gardening,  Waugh . 50 

How  to  Plan  the  Home  Grounds,  Par¬ 
sons  .  1.00 

Ornamental  Gardening,  Long .  1.50 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

409  Pearl  Street,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


1911. 


THK  RUKAb  NEW-YORKER 


627 


VETCH  IN  NORTHERN  MICHIGAN. 

On  a  recent  trip  in  the  Upper  Peninsula 
of  Michigan  I  found  that  many  of  the  far¬ 
mers  were  growing  vetch  for  hay  and  seed, 
as  well  as  for  cover  crop.  Perhaps  a  few 
words  in  regard  to  the  methods  practiced  in 
growing  for  hay  and  seed  might  be  of 
interest  to  readers. 

Vetch  for  Hay. — The  seed  can  be  sown 
either  in  the  Spring  or  in  August.  I  found 
both  methods  in  use.  Good  results  had 
been  secured  in  either  case.  Mr.  Geisman, 
of  the  Experiment  Station  at  Chatham, 
recommends  sowing  20  pounds  of  vetch  and 
one  bushel  of  Spring  rye  about  the  10th 
or  15th  of  May.  Sown  at  this  time  the 
crop  will  be  ready  to  harvest  about  the 
20th  of  August.  Yields  of  four  tons  per 
acre  have  been  gathered.  Vetch  should 
never  be  sown  alone,  when  wanted  for  hay, 
as  it  grows  so  rank  and  close  to  the  ground 
that  it  makes  it  difficult  to  mow.  Then 
again  on  the  under  side  and  next  to  the 
ground  it  gets  very  slimy,  making  much  of 
it  unfit  for  feed.  The  rye  helps  to  hold  it 
up  from  the  ground,  keeps  it  in  better  shape 
and  makes  mowing  very  much  easier.  Mr. 
Frank,  living  in  the  extreme  northern  part 
of  Houghton  Co.,  Mich.,  reports  that  on  a 
field  where  peas  and  oats  had  been  sown, 
a  suitable  stand  could  not  be  obtained. 
This  field  was  refitted  and  in  June  ho  sowed 
one-half  bushel  of  vetch ;  the  next  year 
harvested  two  tons  of  cured  hay  per  acre. 
This  was  on  very  light,  sandy  soil.  In  this 
case  the  vetch  did  not  make  much  of  a 
growth  the  first  year.  A  portion  of  the 
vetch  was  allowed  to  go  to  seed ;  a  yield 
of  nine  bushels  was  harvested  from  one- 
half  acre. 

This  field  was  planted  to  potatoes  the 
next  year ;  and  without  any  fertilizer  a 
yield  of  over  200  bushels  per  acre  was  re¬ 


drained  and  cultivated  in  grain  crops  for 
one  or  two  years,  then  flooded  with  water 
once  more  and  used  to  produce  fish.  Three 
ponds  are  required  in  carp  culture.  One 
is  a  small  pond  or  shallow  puddle  used 
as  a  spawning  pond.  The  larger  one  is 
called  a  nursing  or  stock  pond  where  the 
small  carp  are  kept.  Then  there  is  a  fat¬ 
tening  pond  where  the  larger  carp  are  fat¬ 
tened  for  market.  In  very  cold  regions  the 
carp  are  taken  out  of  the  nursing  ponds 
during  a  Winter  season  and  kept  in  deep 
water  places.  The  fish  generally  remain  in 
the  nursing  pond  two  or  three  Summers. 
They  are  sold  on  the  basis  of  their  age, 
generally  at  three  or  four  years  old.  When 
they  are  being  fattened  without  artificial 
feeding  about  250  fish  are  used  for  the  acre 
of  pond.  In  transferring  fish  the  ponds 
are  drained  and  the  fish  collected  in  a  ditch 
or  pit.  Some  farmers  raise  a  few  carp 
for  sale  in  much  the  same  way  that  some 
of  our  farmers  would  raise  a  few  hens. 
Others  raise  larger  quantities  of  carp, 
crowding  them  thickly  into  small  ponds 
and  feeding  them  freely  on  clover,  corn, 
potatoes,  and  all  sorts  of  refuse.  It  is  said 
that  dealers  offer  a  prepared  fish  feed  for 
sale  much  the  same  as  poultry  dealers  here 
supply  chick  feed  for  poultry.  The  average 
wholesale  price  for  carp  at  the  Berlin 
market  for  1910  was  about  22  cents  a 
pound.  The  German  fish  producers  are 
said  to  receive  about  15  cents  a  pound  for 
their  carp  as  it  comes  from  the  water. 
The  young  carp  are  also  offered  for  sale, 
the  price  depending  upon  the  size  of  the 
fish,  the  smaller  ones  selling  all  the  way 
from  .$1.25  to  $4.25  per  100.  Records  are 
given  oi  the  production  of  5,512  pounds  of 
fish  on  a  hectare  of  pond,  which  with  us 
would  mean  a  little  less  than  2ya  acres. 
This  result  was  reached  where  the  fish 
were  crowded  closely  and  fed  heavily 
through  the  season.  The  chances  are  that 
in  some  parts  of  our  country  close  to  towns 
with  a  large  German  population  carp  rais¬ 
ing  might  be  made  to  pay.  We  would  not, 
however,  attempt  to  start  booming  the 
business.  _ 

AN  ARGUMENT  FOR  PARCELS  POST. 

Take  a  photograph  of  this  receipt 
from  U.  S.  Express  Co.  Five  pounds  of 
distillers’  dried  grains  were  sent  to 
Madison,  Ind.,  from  Blanchester,  O., 
charge  60  cents,  12  cents  per  pound.  I 


To  UNITED  STATE, 


SS,  COMPANY,  Dr. 


Date  of  Way-BIIL 


Oar  Charges _ 

Advance  Charges  _ 

Amount  pf-q  0.  D. 


deceived  Payment  for  the  Company 


ceived.  Harvest  when  the  lower  pods  are 
well  filled. 

Harvesting  and  Curing  the  hay  is  very 
easy  and  simple,  more  so  than  that  of 
curing  oats  and  peas,  as  it  does  not  become 
so  compact  or  contain  so  much  moisture. 
A  very  good  way  Is  to  mow  and  let  it  lie 
in  the  swath  for  a  day  ;  then  rake  it  up 
and  put  it  in  cocks  and  let  it  remain  there 
for  three  days.  Three  swaths  can  be 

thrown  together  and  cured  iu  that  way.  In 
some  cases  on  the  Peninsula  when  the  crop 
has  been  harvested  about  the  20th  of  Au¬ 
gust,  the  vetch  will  grow  up  again,  and 
by  the  middle  of  September  will  afford  very 
good  pasture,  which  is  relished  very  much 
by  sheep  and  horses,  more  so  than  by  cat 
tie.  As  feed  for  the  dairy  cow  vetch  hay 
is  considered  better  than  Alfalfa,  being 
much  finer  aud  not  so  woody.  Mr.  Frank 
derived  just  as  good  results  from  feeding  . 
his  dairy  cows  20  pounds  of  vetch  hay  and 
20  pounds  of  potatoes  as  he  did  in  feeding 
15  pounds  mixed  hay  and  a  large  grain 
ration. 


emptied  out  one  pound,  leaving  in  four 
pounds,  and  sent  it  by  mail  (parcels 
post)  to  Hamburg,  Germany,  charge  48 
cents,  12  cents  per  pound.  j.  w.  g. 

Blanchester,  O. 

R.  N.-Y. — Here  you  have  the  photo¬ 
graph.  It  is  a  good  one  to  go  with  a 
picture  of  Uncle  Sam.  We  shall  have 
just  such  things  until  the  American  peo¬ 
ple  are  willing  to  play  the  “Senator 
Page  act”  for  parcels  post. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Tin: 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


FEED  YOU  MONEY. 

Feed  Your  Brain,  and  It  Will  Feed  You 
Money  and  Fame. 


Vetch  for  Seed. — In  some  cases  a  very 
good  yield  of  seed  has  been  harvested  from 
seed  sown  in  May.  However,  it  is  advised 
to  sow  about  the  middle  of  August,  using 
20  pounds  of  vetch  and  one  bushel  of  rye 
or  wheat.  Mr.  Geisman  reports  a  very 
successful  experiment  in  killing  quack 
grass  with  vetch.  Not  getting  a  satisfac¬ 
tory  stand  of  peas  and  oats,  the  ground 
was  plowed  and  carefully  fitted  and  30 
pounds  vetch  was  sown  August  5.  That 
Fall  the  vetch  did  not  make  very  much 
growth.  Iu  the  Spring  up  until  the  first 
of  June  it  seemed  that  the  quack  grass 
would  be  the  winner,  hut  by  the  middle  of 
June  the  vetch  began  to  grow  and  climb 
and  by  the  last  of  Juno  the  quack  had 
entirely  disappeared.  The  growth  was  so 
large  that  it  was  gathered,  then  plowed, 
put  in  sugar  beets,  and  the  next  year  to 
Soy  beans.  Good  crops  were  secured  in 
each  case.  The  vetch  not  only  had  cleared 
out  the  quack  grass,  but  also  had  enriched 
the  soil  to  a  great  extent.  This  experi¬ 
ment  was  conducted  five  years  ago,  and  not 
a  bit  of  quack  has  appeared  since.  The 
soil  was  a  sandy  loam.  On  low  ground 
this  has  never  been  tried.  However,  one- 
half  busLel  of  wheat  and  25  pounds  of 
vetch  is  recommended.  It  certainly  seems 
that  the  vetch  is  a  valuable  plant,  not  only 
to  enrich  the  soil,  hut  for  hay  and  seed. 

e.  v.  A. 


CARP  CULTURE  IN  GERMANY. 

Interest  in  a  culture  of  carp  is  growing 
In  this  country.  This  is  probably  because 
our  cities  are  filling  up  with  Germans  and 
other  Europeans  who  are  fond  of  this  fish, 
and  they  look  for  it  at  this,  side  of  the 
water.  In  Germany  fish  breeding  has  be¬ 
come  of  considerable  importance.  Consul 
Thackara  of  Berlin  states  that  the  total 
area  of  fish  ponds  in  the  German  empire 
is  185,250  acres.  The  size  of  those  ponds 
varies  greatly,  depending  upon  the  lay  of 
the  laud  and  whether  fish  culture  is  a  side 
issue  or  not.  Generally  the  ponds  are 
small ;  from  an  acre  to  an  acre  and  a  half. 
In  growing  the  carp  warm  water  is  re¬ 
quired  and  the  ponds  are  generally  shallow 
with  little  inflow.  Many  of  these  carp 
ponds  are  used  iu  a  sort  of  rotation.  After 
a  year  or  two  of  fish  culture  they  are 


“Ever  since  boyhood  I  have  been 
especially  fond  of  meats,  and  I  am  con¬ 
vinced  I  ate  too  rapidly,  and  failed  to 
masticate  my  food  properly. 

“The  result  was  that  I  found  myself, 
a  few  years  ago,  afflicted  with  ailments 
of  the  stomach,  and  kidneys,  which  in¬ 
terfered  seriously  with  my  business. 

“At  last  I  took  the  advice  of  friends 
and  began  to  eat  Grape-Nuts  instead  of 
the  heavy  meats,  etc.,  that  had  consti¬ 
tuted  my  former  diet. 

“I  found  that  I  was  at  once  benefited 
by  the  change,  that  I  was  soon  relieved 
from  the  heartburn  and  indigestion  that 
used  to  follow  my  meals,  that  the  pains 
in  my  back  from  my  kidney  affection 
had  ceased. 

“My  nerves,  which  used  to  be  un¬ 
steady,  and  my  brain,  which  was  slow 
and  lethargic  from  a  heavy  diet  of  meats 
and  greasy  foods,  had,  not  in  a  moment, 
but  gradually,  and  none  the  less  surely, 
been  restored  to  normal  efficiency. 

“Now  every  nerve  is  steady  and  my 
brain  and  thinking  faculties  are  quicker 
and  more  acute  than  for  years  past. 

“After  my  old  style  breakfasts  I  used 
to  suffer  during  the  forenoon  from  a 
feeling  of  weakness  which  hindered  me 
seriously  in  my  work,  but  since  I  began 
to  use  Grape-Nuts  food  I  can  work  till 
dinner  time  with  all  ease  and  comfort.” 
Name  given  by  Postum  Co.,  Battle 
Creek,  Mich. 

“There’s  a  reason.” 

Read  the.  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs. 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  got  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


B  Q  OK  LET 

Write  Today 


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THIRTY-FIFTH  STREET.  CHICAGO  HEIGHTS.  ILL. 


DAIN 


The  Light  Draft 

“One  Man ” 

Hay  Loader 

Here  is  a  real  Hay  loader  ;  a  genuine  labor 
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Dain  Exclusive  Advantages 

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RAKES  HAY  RIGHT  WAY 


Genuine  New  York  Champion  ' 

Hay  Rake,  now  an  Iron  Age  pro<G 
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mu  ACE 


I 

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The 

Admiral  Mower 


does  a  better  day’s  work  than  any  other 
mowers  for  reasons  that  are  plain. 

It’s  the  only  mower  with  floating 
frame  that  eliminates  all  neck-weight. 

It  allows  a  low-hung  balance  wheel  that 
gives  the  most  direct  and  powerful  pit¬ 
man  thrust. 

Genuine  Under-draft,  found  only  in 
the  Admiral,  gives  driving  power  in  pro¬ 
portion  to  the  work  required. 

Uniform  Tilt  keeps  the  cutter  bar 
always  rigidly  in  line.  This  makescloser. 
cleaner  cutting  and  saves  hay. 

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that  marks  our  60th  year  as  makers  of  ^ 
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'Machines# 
Implements--' 
«3 Vztt-'/v* The  Form  j; 


Hoi  In  Any  Trust 


I 


IRELAND 
HAY  HOIST 

GEARED 

Saves  one  man 
and  team.  Man 
on  load  operates 
machine  by  pull¬ 
ing  a  small  rope 
attached  to  lever 

_  ,  whenever  he  has  the  fork 

Capacity  or  .sling  full,  ready  to 

1500  Lbs.  hoist.  The  machine  stops 

instantly  when  he  releases  lever  rope,  drop- 

ping  load  at  any  point.  Only^B  II.  P.  gasoline  engine  requir¬ 
ed.  Takes  olT  a  load  of  buy,  ice  or  anything  that  haa  to  bo 
elevated  to  a  height,  quicker  and  easier  than  any  machine  on 
the  market. 

WRITE  TODAY  FOR  FULL  PARTICULARS  about  Single 
Drum,  Double  Drum  and  Self  Acting  Brake.  Give  speed 
of  engine  and  size  of  drivo  pulley. 


IRELAND  MACHINE  &  FOUNDRY  CO. 
14  State  Street,  Norwich,  N.  Y. 


Hay  Unloader 

This  Hoist  is  designed  to 
meet  the  needs  of  farmers 
who  liavo  Gas  or  Steam 
Power,  and  is  of  especial 
interest  for  their  use  in  un¬ 
loading  hay  and  grain,  and 
in  lllling  the  ice  house  and 
Storing  feed,  etc.  Write  for 
full  particulars  and  price. 
John  Farrell.  Newton,  N.  J 


PALMER  HOIST 

Horses  are  busy  in  haying  time.  Belt  your 
gasolino  engine  to  a  Palmer  Hoist 
and  unload  your  bay.  Can  be  used 
for  hoisting  ice  or  anything 
where  a  holster  is  used. 

Price  $35 

If  you  have  no  gaso¬ 
line  engine,  we  can  sell 
you  a  Palmer  Self-oiling 
0  H.P.  engine  for  $1.25. 
Catalogue  Free 

PALMER  BROS. 
Coscob,  Conn. 


HAY 

CAPS 


Stack,  Implement,  Wagon 
and  Farm  Covers,  Water¬ 
proof  or  Plain  Canvas. 
Plant  Bed  Cloth. 
Waterproof  Sheeting,  Tents,  etc. 
Henry  Derby,  123-Y  Chambers  St.,NewYork 


PORTER 

HAY  CARRIER 

Has  wide  open  mouth  and 
swinging  fork  pulley.  Fills 
hay  mow  full  to  the  roof.  Is 
without  exception  best  hay 
carrier  in  the  United  States. 

We  also  make  Litter  Carriers, 
Steel  Stalls  and  Cattle  Stanchions. 

Sen d  for  Catalogue 
J.  E.  PORTER  CO.,  OTTAWA,  ILL. 


628 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


May  27, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 

AN  ASPARAGUS  EXPERIMENT. 

Part  II. 

Taking  his  place  at  one  end  of  the  field, 
with  the  crowd  gathered  around  him,  Mr. 
Prescott  gave  a  brief  history  of  the  land. 
It  had  been  plowed  and  seeded  to  buck¬ 
wheat.  This  made  a  good  crop  and  was 
plowed  under.  A  ton  of  lime  to  the  acre 
was  spread,  and  thoroughly  harrowed  in, 
and  the  soil  well  fitted.  Then  broad  fur¬ 
rows  were  made  seven  inches  deep  and 
four  feet  apart  by  going  back  and  forth. 
In  order  to  show  how  this  was  done  Mr. 
Prescott  here  took  off  his  coat  and  took  the 
handles  of  a  big  plow.  A  team  of  big, 
steady  horses  was  hitched  to  it  and  a 
careful  man  took  the  lines.  Guided  by 
stakes  this  team  was  driven  slowly  across 
the  field,  turning  a  straight,  deep  furrow. 
They  came  back  in  the  same  furrow,  leav¬ 
ing  it  like  a  wide  ditch.  It  was  a  great 
demonstration  of  accurate  plowing.  A  lec¬ 
turer  in  a  hall  could  not  have  made  the 
thing  so  clear  in  a  whole  course  of  lec¬ 
tures.  These  furrows  made,  Mr.  Prescott 
showed  how  the  roots  are  started.  These 
roots  had  been  grown  on  the  farm  from 
selected  seed.  They  are  a  part  of  the  ex¬ 
periment.  One  man  went  ahead  dropping 
the  roots  about  18  inches  apart  in  the  fuy- 
row.  Another  followed  on  his  knees,  shook 
out  the  roots  and  left  them  with  the  bud 
pointing  up  and  the  roots  spread  length¬ 
wise — both  ways — in  the  bottom  of  the 
furrow.  Two  or  three  inches  of  soil  were 
scraped  over  the  root  and  patted  down  and 
then  it  was  left.  The  furrow  is  slowly 
filled  by  the  cultivators  during  the  season, 
so  that  by  Fall  the  surface  should  be  level 
and  the  asparagus  plants  about  up  to  your 
shoulder.  The  men  then  followed  with  the 
fertilizer  mixture,  scattering  it  all  over 
the  furrow  both  at  the  bottom  and  up  and 
over  the  sides.  In  this  way  the  cultivat¬ 
ing  will  work  in  the  fertilizer  so  that  it 
will  be  about  the  same  as  if  broadcast. 
This  deep  planting  and  narrow  rows  means 
white  asparagus,  which  is  the  kind  they 
want  in  Boston.  Mr.  Prescott  and  all  the 
others  who  talked  made  a  strong  point  of 
the  necessity  of  planting  big  strong  roots. 
There  were  some  puny  roots  on  exhibition 
which  would  be  worse  than  useless  for 
planting,  for  the  field  in  which  they  were 
put  would  be  doomed  to  failure  from  the 
start.  Mr.  Prescott  writes  me  that  three 
days  after  this  planting  shoots  from  these 
roots  were  an  inch  above  the  ground.  That 
is  all  that  need  be  said  for  the  soil  and  its 
preparation.  That  is  the  way  this  aspara¬ 
gus  is  started.  It  comes  up  through  its 
shallow  covering  and  the  furrow  is  slowly 
filled  up  around  it,  so  that  in  the  end  the 
crown  is  six  or  seven  inches  below  the  sur¬ 
face.  The  tops  are  not  cut  off  and  bu  .nod 
as  some  experts  advise  in  order  to  lessen 
the  danger  from  rust.  There  is  no  such 
desire  here.  As  Prof.  Norton  said,  their 
object  is  to  get  just  as  much  rust  as  they 
possibly  can.  Farmers  sometimes  come 
and  laugh  at  them,  saying,  "I  thought  you 
were  showing  us  how  to  cure  rust.  You 
have  got  twice  as  much  here  as  1  have  and 
I  never  tried  to  cure  it.”  The  fact  is,  they 
are  not  trying  to  cure  rust  at  all,  hut  hunt¬ 
ing  everywhere  for  plants  or  varieties 
which  will  not  be  rusted.  With  over  150,- 
000  seedlings  on  trial  they  make  them  all 
run  the  gauntlet  by  getting  the  farm  as 
full  of  the  disease  as  possible.  Then  any 
plant  that  will  stand  up  and  fight  off  tne 
disease  is  worth  considering.  The  tops 
are  left  standing  all  Winter ;  they  act  as 
a  mulch  and  hold  the  snow.  When  I  saw 
the  smooth  fields  waiting  for  this  year’s 
sprouts  to  start  1  wondered  what  had  be¬ 
come  of  these  old  tops.  They  were  all 
worked  under  with  a  disk  harrow.  We 
must  remember  that  those  crowns  are  down 
some  seven  inches  under  ground.  The  disk 
harrow  can  work  in  four  to  five  inches, 
smash  down  the  tops  and  work  them  under 
without  hurting  the  shoots.  Another  dose 
of  2,050  pounds  of  the  fertilizer  is  broad¬ 
cast  and  worked  under,  and  after  smooth¬ 
ing  with  a  weeder  the  job  is  done. 

At  Fig.  220  is  shown  a  sample  stalk 
of  Reading  Giant,  the  variety  or  strain 
which  has  proved  most  resistant  to  rust 
thus  far.  This  stalk  is  cut  from  a  field  set 
out  in  1909.  I  saw  the  field,  it  is  across 
the  road  from  the  old  farm  which  was  de¬ 
scribed  last  week,  being  practically  the 
same  kind  of  soil.  The  work  of  planting 
was  the  same  as  given  above.  One  year 
old  roots  properly  grown'  from  approved 
seed  were  used.  No  stable  manure  has 
been  used  on  this  field  since  1885— or  20 
years !  Last  year — only  one  season  from 
planting — this  field  was  cut  five  times  on 
account  of  frost.  The  bunch  from  which 
this  stalk  was  taken  contained  nine  of  mar¬ 
ket  length  and  weighed  one  pound,  11 
ounces,  an  average  of  three  ounces  per 
stalk.  For  a  young  bed  and  first  cutting 
this  is  remarkable.  The  result  is  due  to 
the  thorough  preparation  and  culture,  and 
also  to  the  high  quality  of  the  roots.  No 
doubt  but  that  these  large,  strong  roots  of 
resistant  strains  gave  the  “grass”  a  quicker 
and  stronger  start.  When  we  come  to  dis¬ 
cuss  the  rust  disease  and  see  how  it  af¬ 
fects  the  plant  we  can  understand  how 
these  strong  roots  give  a  superior  crop, 
and  also  why  these  Concord  growers  are 
so  sanguine  of  success.  It  was  not  until 
June,  1905,  that  Mr.  Prescott  called  the 
asparagus  growers  to  his  house  to  consider 
the  rust  trouble.  As  a  result  the  Massa¬ 
chusetts  Experiment  Station  became  inter¬ 
ested  and  Dr.  Galloway  of  the  United  States 


Department  came  to  Concord  and  arranged 
to  help.  Mr.  Prescott  was  sent  all  through 
the  asparagus  sections,  hunting  for.  the 
best  types  of  resistant  asparagus.  Dr. 
Calloway  sent  all  over  the  world  for  similar 
plants  and  seeds.  Of  the  lot  it  was  found 
that  plants  of  Reading  Giant  proved  most 
resistant,  with  Giant  Argenteuil  next.  The 
Department  sent  to  Europe  and  obtained 
two  pounds  each  of  seed  of  these  varieties. 
From  this  seed  nearly  100,000  roots  were 
obtained,  which  gave  in  all  about  200,000 
plants  for  the  test.  You  can  imagine  what 
it  meant  to  examine  and  compare  such  a 
multitude,  but  out  of  the  lot  Prof.  Norton 
found  one  male  plant  of  Reading  Giant 
which  is  practically  immune — standing 
green  and  fresh  through  the  season  while 
others  die.  This  is  the  foundation  upon 


STALK  OF  READING  GIANT  ASPARA¬ 
GUS.  Fig.  220. 

•which  thhis  valuable  work  is  based.  The 
pollen  from  this  male  plant  is  used  upon 
female  plants  which  are  also  more  or  less 
resistant.  Seed  from  this  crossing  is 
planted,  and  as  the  plants  develop  they 
can  be  picked  out  without  trouble  in  Sum¬ 
mer  as  they  are  more  or  less  green,  while 
all  around  them  other  plants  are  dead.  A 
man  who  knows  anything  about  cattle  can 
go  from  herd  to  herd  and  pick  out  the  cows 
which  carry  Jersey  blood.  Such  grade 
cows  carry  the  color  or  shape  or  butter 
qualities  of  the  Jersey  breed.  In  much  the 
same  manner  the  strength  or  ability  of  this 
one  male  plant  to  resist  rust  is  so  strongly 
impressed  upon  its  seedlings  that  they  are 
as  easily  detected  in  an  asparagus  field  as 
are  the  Jersey  grades  Thus  you  will  see 
the  remarkable  work  which  the  asparagus 
breeder  has  been  doing.  Next  week  1  want 
to  describe  the  asparagus  rust  and  tell 
what  may  be  expected  from  this  work. 

h.  w.  c. 


FARMERS  INSIST  UPON 
MACHINE  CUT  DITCHES 


FARMERS  everywhere  are  insisting 
upon  Buckeye  machine  cut  ditches, 
because : 

They  save  twenty-five  to  fifty  per  cent 
in  cost. 

1  hey  save  backaches  and  worry. 

They  are  truer  and  of  perfect  level. 
They  place  tiling  within  the  reach  of 
the  most  humble  pocket-book. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  board  several  men 
for  weeks  while  they  are  cutting  the  ditches, 
as  is  the  case  when  hand  labor  is  used. 

The  Buckeye 
Traction  Ditcher 

is  a  machine  that  is  operated  by  two  men, 
for  steam  power,  and  only  one  man  is  needed 
for  the  gasoline  ditcher.  There  is  no  trouble 
keeping  the  machine  busy  in  your  neighbor¬ 
hood,  as  the  tiling  demand  is  greater  than  ever 
before.  The  Buckeye  cuts  from  100  to 
I  50  rods  a  day  and  earns  from  $  1 5  to  $  1 8  a 
day.  The  machine  pays  for  itself  in  a  short 
time.  The  work  is  pleasant  and  agreeable. 
Be  a  man  ol  great  earning  power.  Buy  a 
Buckeye  Traction  Ditcher  and  carry  a 
bank  account  in  figures  that  will  make  you 
independent.  For  further  information  write 
at  once  for  our  catalogue  No.  3. 

The  Buckeye  Traction  Ditcher  Co., 
Findlay,  Ohio. 


LARK’S  "CUTAWAY 


are  the  results  of 
George  M.  Clark’s 
20  years’ experience 

with  grass  growing  and  hay-tool  making. 
The  original  “Cutaways”  are  great  labor 
savers  as  well  as  big  crop  makers.  Send 
today  for  our  new  booklet  “Intensive 
Cultivation.”  It’s  free. 

CUTAWAY  HARROW  CO. 

839  Main  St.  Eieganum,  Conn. 


’»/ 


BINDER  TWINE,  6^C  lb. 

made.  Fanner  agents  wanted.  Sample 

fogueGco'  THEO.  BURT  &  SONS,  Melrose, Ohio 


Manufacturers  of  all 
kinds  of  fruit  baskets 
and  crates.  Write  for 
Catalogue  and  Price 
List. 


WEBSTER  BASKET  COMPANY, 
Box  431.  Webster,  Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y. 


Why  Rent  a  Farm 

and  be  compelled  to  pay  to  your  landlord  most  of 
your  hard-earned  profits?  Own  your  own 
farm.  Secure  a  Free  Homestead  in 
Manitoba,  Saskatchewan  or  Al- 
|  borta,  or  purchase  land  in  one 
|  of  these  districts  and  bank  n 
profit  of  $10.00  or  $12.00 
Ian  aero  every  year. 

I  Land  purchased  three  years 
jagoatSlO.OO  an  acre  has  recently 
I  changed  hunds  at  $25.00  un  acre. 

1  The  crops  grown  on  these  lnnds 
jwurrant  the  advance.  You  can 

Become  Rich 

by  cattle  raising,  dairying,  mixed  farm¬ 
ing  and  grain  growing  in  the  prov¬ 
inces  of  Manitoba,  Saskatchewan 
and  Alberta  in  Western  Canada. 

Free  homestead  and  pre-emption 
areas,  as  well  as  land  held  by  railway 
and  land  companies,  will  provide 
homes  for  millions. 

Adaptable  soil,  healthful  climate, 
splendid  schools  and  churches  and 
good  railways. 

For  settlers*  rates,  descriptive  litera¬ 
ture  "Last  Beet  West.”  how  to  reach 
the  country  and  other  particulars,  write 
to  Sup’t  of  Immigration.  Ottawa,  Can¬ 
ada,  or  to  the  Canadian  Gov’t  Agent. 

Supt.  of  Immigration,  Ottawa,  Canada,  or 
Canadian  Government  Agent.  30  Syracuse 
Savings  Bank  Bldg.,  Syracuse,  N .  V. 


(53) 


AMERICAN 


Steel  Fence  Post 


Cheaper  Than  Wood 

and  More  Durable 

Many  years  of  experimenting 
with  metal  fence  posts  have 
developed  this  post.  It  is 
now  thoroughly  practical,  fill¬ 
ing  every  requirement  on  the 
farm,  in  the  town,  for  rail¬ 
roads  and  wherever  fence  posts 
are  used. 

Made  of  tough  steel,  heavily 
zinc  coated.  Durability 
proven  by  us — ten  years’  ac¬ 
tual  use  showing  good  as  new. 
Means  a  big  reduction  in 
fence  cost  and  maintenance. 

40-pagc  catalog  sent  free,  fully 
illustrating  and  describing.  Send 
for  it. 


Sold  by  dealers  everywhere.  Ask 
dealer  to  show  samples  and  quote 
prices,  or  write  us  direct. 


American  Steel  S  Wire  Co. 


Chicago  : 

115  Adams  Street 


New  York: 

30  Church  Street 


Denver : 

First  Nat.  Bank  Bldg. 


San  Francisco : 
16th  and  Folsom  Sts. 


iROWN  FENC 


B’ 

Strongest,  most  durable  fence 
made.  Heaviest,  closest  wires.  Double 

I  galvanized.  Practically  indestructible.  Stock 

strong  Chicken  tight.  14  to  35c  per  rod.  Sample  free.  Wepiyfrt. 

The  Brown  Fence  &  Wire  Co.,  Dept.  59  Cleveland,  Ohio. 


rpHE  FARMERS’  NATIONAL  BANK  of  Union 
City,  .Michigan,  located  at  Union  City,  in  tho 
State  of  Michigan,  is  closing  its  affairs.  All  note 
holders  and  other  creditors  of  the  association  are 
therefore  hereby  notified  to  present  the  notes  and 
other  claims  for  payment. 

Dated  April  28,  1911. 


D.  D.  BUELL,  Prest. 


INOCULATED  ALFALFA  SOIL 

75  cents  per  hundred,  $10.00  per  ton.  F.  O.  B.  Ash- 
ville,  Pa.  Send  for  FREE  booklet  “  How  to  Grow 
Alfalfa.”  Dr.  H.  SOMERVILLE,  Chest  Springs, 
Cambria  County,  Pa. 


66 


FUMA 


55,  kills  Prairie  Dogs, 

Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
a  n  d  Grain  I  nsects. 
“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

8vVith  “  Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  ’’are  SSi£ 

EDWARD  R.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. 


MARKET  GARDENERS’  PIPER 


Weekly  Market  Growers  Journal  — only  paper 
printed  especially  for  vegetable  growers.  $1.00  a 
year,  52  issues.  For  10  cents  and  names  of  three 
market  gardeners  we  will  send  it  ton  weeks  Send 
for  free  samples  copies — it  is  the  best  way  to  judge. 
Market  Growers  Journal.  541  Walker  Bldg- .  Loiiirville,  Ky. 


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simple  and  durable.  Any  mechanic  can  operate  them 
easily.  Send  for  catalog. 

WILLIAMS  BROS..  Ithaca,  N.  V. 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE. 


.  .  .  MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY  .  .  . 

*Th e  Rogers  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Send  for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  “  Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


All  steel  construction— Steel 
pitman  and  plunger  mounted  on 
roller  bearings — Smooth,  silent  action — 
No  jar  or  jerk— Speed  up  to  35  strokes  per  iuiuute. 


Automatic  Block  Dropper  at  right  tune-  mm.^2 

prevents  accidents  or  injury  to  operators  and  avoids 
^ loss  of  time.  The  -Uhio”  is 

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HAY  PR 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


629 


Ruralisms 

LIME-SULPHUR  SOLUTION  ON  GRAPES. 

So  much  is  being  said  about  the  use 
of  lime-sulphur  as  a  spray  that  we 
want  to  put  all  sides  before  our  read¬ 
ers.  The  general  verdict  seems  to  be 
that  for  spraying  fruit  under  certain 
conditions  lime-sulphur  is  equal  to 
Bordeaux  mixture,  and  superior  in 
some  respects.  For  spraying  potatoes 
the  best  information  we  can  get  is  that 
the  lime-sulphur  is  not  equal  in  effect 
to  Bordeaux.  The  matter  of  using  this 
mixture  in  vineyards  has  been  discussed 
considerably.  Experiments  conducted 
by  the  New  York  Station  in  grape  or¬ 
chards  in  Chautauqua  County  show 
that  the  lime-sulphur  was  injurious  to 
grapes.  Fig.  220  shows  a  cluster  of 
grapes  as  affected  by  the  lime-sulphur 
spray.  This  picture  is  taken  from  Bul¬ 
letin  331  of  the  New  York  Station. 
The  commercial  lime-sulphur  was  used 
and  diluted  1  to  40  to  1  to  60,  but  in 
every  case  there  was  severe  injury  to 
the  foliage  and  also  to  the  fruit.  The 
lime-sulphur  was  also  used  with 
arsenate  of  lead  at  dilutions  of  1  to  50 
and  1  to  75,  both  mixtures  causing  in¬ 
jury  and  even  when  used  to  the  dilution 
of  one  to  100  the  foliage  was  hurt.  Not 
only  was  the  foliage  hurt,  but  as  we 


DAMAGE  BY  LIME  SULPHER.  Fig.  220. 

see  from  the  picture  there  was  serious 
injury  to  the  fruit.  The  lime-sulphur 
appeared  to  stop  the  growth  shortly 
after  spraying,  and  the  grapes  though 
remaining  on  the  stem  never  ripened. 
There  was  not  only  a  reduction  in  the 
yield  of  fruit,  but  a  loss  of  time  in  re¬ 
moving  green  parts  from  the  clusters 
before  packing.  The  lime-sulphur  is  no 
doubt  useful  in  killing  the  leaf-hopper 
on  grapes;  even  at  a  solution  of  one 
to  100.  It  was  so  injurious,  however, 
to  the  foliage  and  fruit  that  it  cannot 
be  recommended.  Our  object  is  to  learn 
all  the  facts  about  this  solution  both 
good  and  bad  that  our  readers  may 
know  just  how  to  use  it. 


POISON  SPRAY  FOR  ROSE-BUGS. 

There  is  no  other  insect  causing  quite 
so  much  annoyance  to  rose  growers  as 
the  disgusting  rose-bug  or  rose  chafer, 
which  usually  appears  in  an  innumer¬ 
able  host,  chewing  up  all  the  blossoms 
in  sight.  So  far  our  only  recourse  has 
been  to  pick  the  intruders,  dropping 
them  into  a  vessel  containing  kerosene 
and  water,  keeping  the  soil  stirred  in 
the  hope  of  interfering  with  eggs  and 
pupae.  It  appears,  however,  from  ex¬ 
periments  described  in  “A  Preliminary 
Report  on  Grape  Insects,”  Bulletin  No. 
331,  issued  by  the  Geneva  (N.  Y.)  Ex¬ 
periment  Station,  that  a  poisoned  spray 
proved  very  effectual  in  controlling  thia 
insect  in  vineyards.  It  is  very  destruc¬ 
tive  to  grape  bloom,  and  the  use  of  the 
poison  resulted  in  a  net  gain  per  acre 
over  the  unsprayed  grapes  of  $61.84. 


This  spray  -  mixture  consisted  of  10  j 
pounds  of  arsenate  of  lead,  25  pounds  | 
of  glucose,  and  100  gallons  of  water. 
It  should  be  applied,  very  liberally,  just 
as  soon  as  the  beetles  appear.  While  it 
is  suggested  that  this  spray  would  de¬ 
stroy  the  insects  on  roses  and  orna¬ 
mental  shrubs,  it  must  be  borne  in  mind 
that  vineyard  conditions  are  quite  dif¬ 
ferent,  inasmuch  as  the  ornamental  side 
is  not  considered ;  the  aim  is  to  preserve 
the  blossoms  from  injury,  for  the  sake 
of  future  fruit.  We  do  not  know 
whether  the  arsenate  of  lead  would  de¬ 
face  the  rose  blossoms,  or  whether  the 
spray  dries  off  without  leaving  any  trace, 
but  a  poisonous  spray  upon  plants  that 
are  handled,  where  the  flowers  are 
plucked  for  decoration,  and  inhaled  for 
their  fragrance,  suggests  disadvantages 
that  prevent  unqualified  recommenda¬ 
tion.  We  should  like  to  learn  more 
about  this  from  the  scientists  who  are 
using  it. 


The  Best  Shade  Tree. 

M.  P.  Z„  McKees  Sta.,  It.  I. — Could  you 
give  me  the  name  of  the  best  tree  for 
shade?  What  kind  will  make  the  best 
growth  in  a  sandy  soil,  southern  New  Jer¬ 
sey? 

Ans. — The  common  Soft  or  Silver¬ 
leaved  maple,  Acer  dasycarpum,  is  about 
the  best  tree  that  can  be  planted  for 
shade  in  the  light  sandy  soils  about  At¬ 
lantic  City,  N.  J.  The  Norway  maple  is 
handsomer,  but  rarely  makes  a  good 
head  in  light  soils,  as  it  is  better  adapted 
for  moist  loams  and  clay.  The  Silver 
maple  is  a  rapid  grower,  and  thrives 
well  under  all  reasonable  conditions. 
The  Carolina  poplar  is  also  suitable  for 
light  soils,  but  has  the  objection  of  drop¬ 
ping  leaves  in  midsummer.  v. 


Commercial  Carnations. — A  florist 
friend  tells  us  that  his  carnation  planters 
ran  a  little  ahead  of  former  records  this 
year,  setting  23,000  plants  in  the  field 
in  one  day.  This  work  was  done  by 
four  planters,  three  droppers  and  two 
wagons  bringing  plants  from  the  green¬ 
houses.  In  modern  carnation  growing, 
the  young  plants  are  set  out  in  the  field 
in  April,  as  soon  as  weather  permits. 
They  receive  clean  field  culture  until 
July,  when  they  are  lifted  and  set  in 
the  greenhouses.  Many  florists  still 
leave  them  in  the  field  through  August, 
as  was  formerly  the  usual  practice,  but 
the  best  growers  for  the  New  York 
market  find  early  lifting  better.  It  is 
a  terrific  amount  of  back-breaking  work, 
to  give  the  plants  their  two  months’ 
vacation  in  the  open  air,  but  results 
justify  it.  The  grower  quoted  above  sets 
120,000  plants. 

- - - \ 

One  Cook 


May  make  a  cake  “fit  for  the 

Queen,”  while  another  only  sue- 

— 

ceeds  in  making  a  “pretty  good 
cake”  from  the  same  materials. 

It’s  a  matter  of  skill ! 

People  appreciate,  who  have 
once  tasted 

Post 
T  oasties 

A  delicious  food  made  of 
White  Corn — flaked  and  toasted 
to  a  delicate,  crisp  brown — to  the 
“  Queen’s  taste.” 

Post  Toasties  are  served  direct 
from  the  package  with  cream  or 
milk,  and  sugar  if  desired — 

A  breakfast  favorite ! 

“The  Memory  Lingers” 

Postum  Cereal  Co.,  Ltd., 

Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

V _ J 


NOYENTO 

WATER-PROOF 

ROOFING 

For  Roofing',  Sheathing' 
and  Lining'  Poultry  Houses 
and  all  Outbuilding's  :  :  : 

Clean  Durable  Odorless 

HIS  is  a  Water  and  Air-Proofing 
of  which  you  are  always  sure — 
which  you  can  absolutely  depend 
upon  to  thoroughly  protect  your  chickens 
and  stock  from  dampness  and  draughts. 

Just  see  how  well  Novento  is  made. 
First  it  is  thoroughly  soaked  through  and 
through  with  the  heaviest  kind  of  a  water¬ 
proofing  compound  ;  then  it  is  heavily 
coated  on  both  sides  so  that  air  or  water 
cannot  even  get  through  the  surface,  let 
alone  through  the  inside. 

We  will  be  glad  to  send  on  request 
samples  of  Novento  Roofing  so  that  you 
may  see  how  sturdy  and  well-made  it  is 
and  how  very  low  is  the  price  we  ask  for  it. 
Send  a  postal  now  to 

The  Hydrex  Felt  6  Engineering"  Co., 

120  Liberty  Street,  New  York 

Works:  Rahway,  N.  J. 


60c 

per 

100 

Square 

Feet 


You  Insure 
Your  Buildings 

against  wind  and  light¬ 
ning.  Do  you  protect 
them  against  weathering  ? 

Rain  and  frost  get  into 
every  little  grain  and  crack 
of  the  boards  of  an  unpainted 
building  and  cause  early  rot 
and  ruin. 

Paint  made  of 

“Dutch  Boy  Painter” 
White  Lead 


and  genuine  linseed  oil  gives  buildings  a 
coating  weather  can’t  get  through.  It 
saves  repair  bills  and  early  rebuilding. 

Get  “  Dutch  Boy  Painter  ”  White  Lead  for 
our  painter — you  can  tell  it  by  the  Dutch  Boy 
painter  on  every  keg. 

We  want  von  to  write  for  our  “ Helps 
No.  1908  which  answer  all  questions 
about  painting. 


New  York  Cleveland  Chicago 

St.  Louis  Boston  Buffalo 

Cincinnati  San  Francisco 
John  T.  Lewis  A  Bros.  Co..  Philadelphia 
National  Lead  A  Oil  Co.,  Pittsburgh 


YOU  Need  This  Book — It’s  FREE 

Every  farmer  and  truck  grower  needs  a  copy  of 

Herrmann’s  1911  Almanac 

Besides  being  full  of  valuable  and  interesting  data  for 
farmers  and  fruitgrowers,  it  shows  the  proper  way 
to  apply  the  purest  and  most  efficient  Paris  Green 
made — Herrmann’s  Ili-Grade  Pure  Paris  Green. 
You’ll  get  the  results  you  expect.  Address 
Morris  Herrmann  &  Co..  196  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York. 


°r  *  FIELD  CROPS 

and  do  whitewashing'  in  most  effectual,  economical, 
rapid  waj.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  BROWN'S 

powerR  Auto-Sprays 

No.  1,  shown  hero,  is  fitted  with  Auto-Pop  Nozzle— 
J  does  work  of  3  ordinary  sprayers.  Endorsed  by  Kx- 
I  poriment  Stations  and  800,000  others.  40  styles  and 
7  sizes  of  hand  and  power  sprayers — also  prices 
'  a  ™valuabl#  Spraying  guido  in  our  Froe  Book. 
Writ©  postal  now. 

THE  E.  C.  BROWN  COMPANY 

2  d  Jay  St ,  JiochoBtor,  N.  Y. 


re 

We  Want. 

■  AT  Oar  1911 
f  Catalog  in  the  Home' 
uoIEvery  Farmer  in  America' 

178  pagos  filled  from  covor  to  covor  with  gonmnol 
Boggy,  Harness  and  Saddle  bargains;  251  illustra-l 
tiona,  many  in  colors;  138  stylos  of  Vehicles,  74  do- 
J  signs  in  harness ;  the  biggest  and  best  book  over  printed  ^ 
in  this  lino.  Don’t  miss  sending  for  it! 

Murray  Highest  Award  Surrles  Direct  From 
His  Factory  —  Four  Weeks’  Road  Trial  — 
Insures  Safe  Delivery — Three  Years’  Guarantee 

Before  buying  any  kind  ot  vehicle,  gel  the  1811 
Murray  Style  Book  end  compare  Murray  prices 
with  all  others.  Costs 
you  nothing.  You 
might  as  well  have 
this  book  in  your  homo.  1  1 

Wilber  It.  Murray  I  mjjn  $30  j 
M’t’g  Co. 

,.308  E.  5th  St.. 

.  Cincinnati, „ 

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Send 
For  Thls^ 

Free  Book’ 

Right  Now. 


from  Factor/To  Horse 


Try  the  DELI N 

Wt/r  Your  Money  /n  Your Poc/ref 


Try  It  for  30 (lays  on  your  own  roads;  then, 
If  you  find  it  entirely  satisfactory  ,  you  pay 
us.  Buggies--all  styles-and  harness  at  lowest 
wholesale  prices,  direct  to  you,  on  approval. 

No  Cash  With  Order— No  Deposit 

“DELIN’1  offers  more  liberal  terms  and 
better  values  than  you  can  get  elsewhere. 

Our  FREE  1911  Catalog  privea  full  information.  Shows 
metal  auto  seat  buggies  anil  hundreds 
of  other  dandy  styles.  Get  aejuainted 
with  the  values  we  offer  also  with  our 
exclusive ‘‘DELIN’’ terms.  Write  for 

FREE  CATALOG  Today. 


The  Delin  Carriage  Co. 


1 7  3Z,  Central  Avenue 
Cincinnati,  Ohio 


$50  TO  $300  SAVED 


We  arc  manufacturers,  not  merchants.  Save  dealers, 
jobbers  and  catalog  house  profit.  I’ll  save  you  from 
$50  to  $300  on  my  High  Grade  Standard  Gasoline 
Engines  from  2  to  22-H.-P. — Price  direct  to  you 
lower  than  dealers  or  jobbers  have  to  pay  for 
iimilar  engines  in  carload  lots  for  spot  cash. 

GALLOWAY 

Price  and  quality  speak  for  themselves 
and  you  are  to  be  the  sole  judge. 

Sell  your  poorest  horse  and  buy  a 

5-H.-P.oniy$i19.50 


Direct 
From 
My  Fac¬ 
tory  on  30 
Days’  Free 
Trial.  Safi  si  ac¬ 
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back.  Write  forspec- 
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you  pay  me  is  for  raw 
material,  labor  and 
one  small  profit.  Send  lor 
my  big  BOOK  FREE. 


Wm.  Galloway,  Pres. 
Wm.  Galloway  Co. 

065  Galloway  Station 
Waterloo,  Iowa 


No  complicated  mechanism- 
big  capacities.  Requires  only 
2  to  4  h.  p.  to  operate  any  press. 

Also,  HAND  PRESSES, 
GRINDERS,  MILLS. 


Write  to-day  for  free  eataloyue. 

THK  G.  J.  EMKNY  CO.,  t'ULTON,  N.  Y. 


PATENT 


SECURED  OR  FEE  RETURNED. 

Free  Patent  Book,  Selling  Guide  and 
List  of  Buyers  and  Manufacturers  of 
Inventions.  ADVICE  FREE,  Send  sketch. 


FARNHAM  &  SUES,  Attya.,  S48  F.  St.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


SPRAY 


'Watson  OSPRAVMO  4  ROW 
High  Pressure  Potato  Sprayer 

Never  damages  foliage,  but  always  reaches  bugs,  worms,  and 
other  foliage-eating  insects.  Has  all  improvements,— adjustable 
wheel  width,  spray  and  pressure  instantly  regulated.  Capacity  80  to  40 
acres  a  day.  free  formula  book.  Send  for  instruction  book  showing  the 
famous  Gar  Held,  Leader,  Empire  King  and  other  sprayers. 

FIELD  FORCE  PUMP  CO.,  »  I  Eleventh  St.,  Elmira,  N.  Y. 


Spraying  as 
Necessary  as  Plowing 

Every  orchardist  must  spray  to  protect  liis  trees  against  insects 
that  eat  up  profits.  His  best  defence  is  the  surest,  safest,  strongest 
insecticide  made — 

ELECTRO  Arsenate  of  Lead 

(in  Powdered  Form)  —  ....  —  -  -  _ 

Surest  and  strongest  because  it  contains  50%  more  arsenic  oxide  than  any  other 
brand — 32^  to  33%  guaranteed.  Our  Electro  process  combines  a  greater  percentage  of 
arsenic  with  the  proper  amount  of  lead  than  can  be  obtained  in  any  other  brand.  This 
means  better  adhesion;  greater  killing  power,  suspension  and  distribution. 

Safest  because  there  is  less  than  yz  of  1 %  of  water-soluble  arsenic — the  tenderest 
foliage  is  never  injured. 

For  these  reasons,  Electro  is  most  economical — less  material  need  be  used. 

Tests  by  Conn,  and  N.  J.  Agri.  Exper.  Stations  prove  our  claims.  Send  for  these  and  for 
valuable  folders  on  Electro  Arsenate  of  Lead  and  on  Electro  Lime-Sulphur 
(certain  death  to  San  Jose  Scale). 

If  your  dealer  cannot  supply ,  write  for  prices.  Proofs,  and  name 
of  nearest  distributor. 

THE  VREELAND  CHEMICAL  CO. 

Church  Street,  New  York 


030 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes 

Established  I  SCO 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  4(19  Pearl  St.,  New  York 

Herbert  W.  Colungwood,  President  and  Editor. 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

W«.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Royle,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  82.04,  equal  to  8s.  6d.,  or 
marks,  or  lO1^  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line — 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  us  j  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

"A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  hacked  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  a.nd  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  gua  rantee  to  adjust  trifling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  yon  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

Do  not  delay!  This  means  every  farmer  in  New 
York  State  who  hears  of  this.  Help  push  that  railroad 
fire  bill  through  the  New  York  Legislature.  Make 
that  a  law  and  the  railroads  must  pay  for  damage 
done  by  any  fire  which  starts  from  their  operations. 
We  cannot  get  this  law  unless  a  strong  sentiment  is 
worked  up  behind  it.  It  is  just  and  necessary.  It 
is  Assembly  bill  No.  1535,  and  well  worth  your  imme¬ 
diate  attention. 

* 

Experiments  in  Colorado  show  that  in  nine  days 
near  the  end  of  the  season  a  potato  crop  gained  over 
30  bushels  per  acre !  In  fact  a  large  part  of  the  tuber 
growth  is  made  inside  of  two  weeks.  The  tubers  can¬ 
not  grow  if  the  vines  are  killed  by  blight,  for  the 
tuber  is  an  enlarged  stem.  Here  then  is  one  of  the 
most  forcible  arguments  for  spraying  potato  vines  to 
keep  off  blight.  We  must  keep  the  vines  alive  if  we 
expect  a  large  crop  of  tubers.  Another  thing  is  that 
we  cannot  expect  high  quality  in  potatoes  unless  they 
can  grow  to  maturity.  If  blight  kill  the  vine  too  early 

the  tuber  is  no  more  than  half  developed. 

* 

Reports  from  some  sections  indicate  great  damage 
from  peach  borers.  This  insect  is  often  more  danger¬ 
ous  than  the  San  Jose  scale.  The  best  method  of 
fighting  is  the  old-fashioned  digging  out  process  in 
the  Fall  with  another  examination  in  late  May  or 
June.  Prof.  J.  B.  Smith  now  recommends  a  further 
treatment  which  is  being  followed  by  many  growers. 
After  clearing  away  the  earth  to  hunt  for  the  borers 
in  May,  leave  the  lower  bark  exposed  for  a  few  days 
and  then  spray  thoroughly  with  lime-sulphur  and  arse¬ 
nate  of  lead.  Use  an  excess  of  lime  to  make  a  stiff 
wash,  and  spray  from  the  lower  trunk  up  for  16  to 
24  inches  from  the  surface.  This  not  only  kills  any 
borers  left  on  the  trunk,  but  prevents  the  moths  from 
laying  their  eggs  near  the  ground. 

* 

To  be  frank,  the  times,  as  far  as  the  farmers  are  con¬ 
cerned,  looks  mighty  dubious  to  us.  There  has  been 
such  a  carefully  planned  and  executed  campaign  in  all 
of  the  great  magazines,  as  well  as  the  daily  and  weekly 
newspapers,  that  the  great  mass  of  the  country  thinks 
the  farmers  have  been  getting  more  than  their  share,  and 
everyone  seems  determined  to  soak  us.  Some  of  the 
things  which  they  are  trying  to  do  seem  simply  out¬ 
rageous  to  me,  and  the  aggregate  of  the  legislation 
already  passed  as  well  as  pending  is  so  serious  that  my 
neighbors  even  here  in  the  richest  part  of  the  State  are 
talking  of  leaving  the  farms.  The  results  of  this  would 
be  exactly  what  the  country  does  not  want,  in  that  it 
would  mean  higher  prices  than  ever  before. 

This  is  written  by  one  of  the  most  intelligent  far¬ 
mers  in  Ohio.  It  is  a  fair  statement  of  the  prevailing 
feeling  among  men  of  his  class.  Our  desire  is  to  state 
the  facts  as  they  are  found.  Our  friend  is  right  about 
the  effect  of  the  foolish  “back  to  the  land”  campaign 
which  the  literary  magazines  have  been  conducting. 
The  great  profits  of  farming  have  been  painted  in 
glowing  colors,  even  while  many  good  farmers  have 
been  receiving  less  than  their  products  cost.  We 
saw  from  the  first  what  this  fool  talk  would  lead  to. 
People  in  town  and  city  have  been  led  to  believe  that 
farmers  are  responsible  for  the  high  retail  prices 
charged  for  food,  while  in  reality  these  farmers  have 
received  barely  35  cents  of  the  consumer’s  dollar. 
These  glowing  stories  are  responsible  for  the  demand 
for  free  trade  in  farm  products  and  continued  tariff 
on  manufactured  goods.  You  know  by  this  time  what 
The  R.  N.-Y.  thinks  about  it.  We  do  not  see  how  any 
clear-headed  farmer  can  expect  any  particular  improve¬ 
ment  so  long  as  the  two  old  parties  can  use  “agricul¬ 
ture”  like  a  football  to  play  the  political  game.  Safety 
and  strength  lie  in  cutting  loose  and  forming  a  politi¬ 
cal  group  which  can  look  after  our  own  interests. 


The  Pennsylvania  Experiment  Station  has  some  ex¬ 
periments  with  chemicals  under  way  which  will  rank 
with  those  famous  ones  by  Sir  J.  B.  Lawes.  They 
have  been  carried  on  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a 
century  in  a  regular  farm  rotation.  They  demonstrate 
the  fact  that  by  using  clover  and  potash  and  phos¬ 
phoric  acid  with  the  farm  manure  fertility  can  be  kept 
up  and  the  soil  made  more  productive  at  a  fair  profit. 
Under  this  plan  no  nitrogen  need  be  bought  so  long 
as  the  clover  can  be  kept  thrifty.  Another  valuable 
experiment  now  under  way  in  Pennsylvania  is  the  use 
of  chemicals  or  fine  manure  to  improve  pastures.  An 
old  pasture  has  been  staked  off  in  long  strips,  with 
various  combinations  of  chemicals  or  chemicals  and 
manure  tested  side  by  side.  The  pasture  already  shows 
the  effect  of  this  handling,  and  as  soon  as  results  can 
be  fairly  stated  we  shall  tell  what  chemicals  give  best 
pasture.  This  is  great  work,  for  in  many  hill  sec¬ 
tions  the  pastures  are  the  main  source  of  wealth.  If 
they  can  be  improved  50  or  even  10  per  cent,  it  would 
mean  great  things  for  live  stock  farmers. 

* 

“UNREASONABLE  RESTRAINT  OF  TRADE.” 

The  U.  S.  Supreme  Court  has  decided  the  famous 
Standard  Oil  case,  and  interpreted  the  Sherman  anti¬ 
trust  law.  Under  this  law  the  Standard  Oil  Company 
was  found  guilty  of  conspiracy  to  create  a  monopoly 
in  restraint  of  trade.  The  company  appealed  to  the 
Supreme  Court  from  this  verdict.  The  decision  was 
of  the  greatest  importance,  because  it  not  only  affected 
Standard  Oil,  but  every  other  corporation  which  might 
be  brought  into  court.  Briefly  stated,  the  Supreme 
Court  upholds  the  lower  court,  finds  Standard  Oil 
guilty  and  orders  it  to  dissolve  and  transfer  its  stock 
back  to  the  various  companies  which  it  absorbed.  It 
has  six  months  to  do  this  in,  and  it  may  continue 
to  sell  oil  in  the  meantime. 

It  was  held,  until  this  decision,  that  the  Sherman 
law  absolutely  forbid  any  combination  to  create  a 
monopoly.  Efforts  have  repeatedly  been  made  to  in¬ 
duce  Congress  to  change  the  law  so  as  to  make  a  dis¬ 
tinction  between  “good”  trusts  and  “bad”  trusts,  but 
thus  far  every  such  effort  has  been  defeated.  By 
this  decision,  however,  the  Supreme  Court  has  done 
what  Congress  has  so  long  refused  to  do.  The  court 
finds  that  Standard  Oil  was  guilty  of  “unreasonable 
restraint  of  trade.”  There  is  such  a  thing  then  as 
“reasonable”  restraint.  Under  this  decision  a  com¬ 
bination  might  be  made  to  create  a  partial  or  com¬ 
plete  monopoly  of  a  certain  line  of  business.  If  law¬ 
yers  could  convince  a  court  that  such  monopoly  was 
“reasonable”  it  could  not  be  put  out  of  business  or 
compelled  to  be  fair.  Take  this  very  Standard  Oil 
Company.  We  can  readily  conceive  such  a  thing  as 
its  reorganizing  with  several  companies,  doing  much 
the  same  as  at  present  and  still  satisfying  the  courts 
that  its  monopoly  was  “reasonable.”  There  is  the 
danger  of  such  an  interpretation  of  the  law.  The 
purpose  of  the  Sherman  law  was  evidently  to  break 
up  all  form  of  monopoly  if  possible.  Congress,  which 
made  the  law,  has  repeatedly  refused  to  change  Jt  so 
as  to  admit  that  any  form  of  monopoly  could  be 
legal.  It  is  the  business  of  the  Supreme  Court  to  in¬ 
terpret  rather  than  make  laws.  Yet  in  this  decision 
it  lays  aside  the  evident  intention  of  Congress,  and 
makes  what  amounts  to  a  new  law.  For  writing  those 
words  “unreasonable  restraint  of  trade”  into  the  law 
enables  the  trusts  and  monopolies  to  obtain  a  legal 
standing  which  Congress  would  not  give  them.  It 
will  now  be  necessary  to  fight  the  battle  all  over  again, 
and  make  the  intent  of  the  people  so  clear  that  the 
Supreme  Court  cannot  change  it. 

* 

One  guess  about  the  fate  of  the  reciprocity  bill  is  as 
good  as  another.  One  man  tells  us  that  it  cannot 
possibly  pass,  while  another  assures  us  that  there  is  a 
sure  majority  of  10  for  the  bill.  The  Evening  Post 
quotes  a  well-known  Senator  who  says  just  at  this 
time  there  is  a  majority  against  the  bill,  but  that  he 
feels  sure  this  will  change,  and  that  the  bill  will 
finally  pass.  You  may  take  your  choice.  The  in¬ 
fluence  of  the  farmers  at  Washington  has  been  weak¬ 
ened  by  statements  about  the  work  of  the  National 
Grange.  Our  understanding  is  that  a  firm  of  New 
York  lawyers  undertook  to  manage  a  plan  to  organize 
sentiment  against  the  reciprocity  bill.  Through  the 
Master  of  the  Grange  arrangements  were  made  with 
Senator  Gallinger,  of  New  Hampshire,  to  mail  a  large 
number  of  documents  under  his  “frank.”  Now  Sena¬ 
tor  Gallinger  is  one  of  the  worst  “stand  pat”  Senators 
at  Washington.  He  voted  against  popular  election  of 
Senators,  in  favor  of  Senator  Lorimer,  and  his  record 
has  been  uniformly  against  the  things  which  the 
Grange  ought  to  stand  for.  To  tie  up  to  such  a  man 
and  go  under  obligation  to  him  for  lending  his  mail¬ 
ing  privilege  was  a  blunder  which  will  hurt  the  Na¬ 
tional  Grange.  It  should  oppose  such  abuses  of  the 
franking  privilege  instead  of  attempting  to  profit 


May  27, 

secretly  by  them.  The  National  Grange  seems  to  be 
composed  of  good-natured,  easy-going  old  ladies  and 
gentlemen,  but  there  is  mightly  little  of  the  noble 
Roman  when  they  come  forward  as  leaders  of  agri¬ 
culture. 

* 

Just  now  there  is  a  good  deal  of  stir  among  breeders 
about  the  Indian  Runner  duck.  We  know  it  matures  early 
and  lays  well,  for  every  breeder  tells  us  so,  and  many 
of  us  have  tried  it  in  a  small  way,  but  what  we  would 
like  to  know  most  of  all  is  whether  it  is  likely  to  be 
a  profitable  farm  fowl  after  we  all  got  stocked  up  with 
eggs  at  breeders'  prices.  It  requires  special  knowledge, 
special  markets,  special  egg  crates.  How  will  it  com¬ 
pare  with  bens?  Will  The  R.  N.-Y.  give  us  advance  in¬ 
formation  ?  a.  M. 

Maryland. 

Here  you  have  the  great  need  of  the  age  stated  in  a 
few  words.  “What  shall  the  harvest  be?”  We  have 
seen  Belgian  hares,  ginseng,  mushrooms,  seedless 
apples  and  a  dozen  of  their  companions  come  and  go — 
each  one  taking  100  cents  of  the  farmer’s  dollar  while 
the  boom  was  on.  There  are  several  million  people 
in  this  land  with  a  finely  developed  hindsight.  If  you 
can  only  keep  that  hindsight  as  tender  as  a  sore 
thumb  there  is  some  hope  for  developing  foresight. 
All  The  R.  N.-Y.  can  do  about  this  duck  is  to  ask 
readers  to  analyze  the  situation.  We  think  this  bird 
has  a  good  future  as  a  farm  fowl,  yet  we  expect  “The 
Business  Hen  ’  will  still  be  attending  to  business  for 
several  centuries  to  come.  Give  us  the  truth  about  the 
Indian  Runner.  We  have  a  barrel  of  salt  to  throw 
over  the  stories  of  those  who  have  breeding  stock  for 
sale.  Can  anyone  give  us  the  plain  truth? 

* 

New  York  ranks  well  as  an  agricultural  State.  It 
is  the  leading  dairy  State,  and  in  the  front  rank  with 
several  crops.  Nine-tenths  of  its  territory  are  given 
to  farming  and  more  than  half  its  population  depends 
on  farming  for  their  living.  You  would  think  that 
farmers  ought  to  be  as  thick  as  blackbirds  at  Albany. 
They  are — just  about  as  thick  as  when  the  blackbirds 
have  been  poisoned  or  cultivated  with  a  shotgun. 
There  are  201  members  of  the  Legislature,  and  14 
of  these,  or  seven  per  cent,  actually  dare  to  give  their 
occupation  as  “farming.”  The  Senate  with  51  mem¬ 
bers  has  one  solitary  farmer,  one  “agriculturist,”  26 
lawyers,  three  bankers,  three  real  estate  men — the 
rest  engaged  in  some  sort  of  business !  In  the  Assem¬ 
bly  with  150  members  there  are  13  farmers,  58  law¬ 
yers,  17  real  estate  men,  six  editors,  and  the  rest 
engaged  in  some  sort  of  business.  There  are  four 
doctors,  one  clergyman,  two  undertakers  and  three 
druggists.  These,  with  a  chemist  and  two  insurance 
men,  offset  all  the  farmers.  The  Senate  agricultural 
committee  does  not  contain  a  single  farmer — three 
lawyers,  two  manufacturers  and  three  real  estate  men. 
The  Assembly  committee  has  six  farmers  out  of  13. 
We  would  like  to  be  told  why  this  Legislature  con¬ 
tains  14  farmers,  20  real  estate  men,  84  lawyers  and 
six  bankers.  Why  should  a  real  estate  man  make  a 
better  law  tinkerer  than  a  farmer? 

* 

The  Western  experiment  stations  are  called  upon 
to  settle  many  industrial  questions.  Quite  a  remark¬ 
able  one  came  up  for  the  Utah  Station.  One  thing 
which  makes  success  in  “dry  land  farming”  possible 
is  the  use  of  a  grain  harvester.  This  machine  cuts 
the  straw,  thrashes  out  the  grain  and  bags  it  at  one 
operation.  This  saves  much  labor  as  compared  with 
the  method  of  putting  the  bundles  or  heads  of  the 
straw  in  a  stack.  The  harvester  is  used  in  “dry” 
farming  because,  there  being  no  rain,  the  grain  dries 
out  quickly  after  ripening.  The  millers  of  some  sec¬ 
tions  claimed  that  this  grain  was  not  fit  for  milling 
purposes.  They  claimed  that  the  grain  must  go 
through  a  “sweat”  in  the  stack  before  being  fit  for 
use.  Making  this  claim  the  millers  discriminated 
against  the  dry  farming  wheat  and  cut  the  price.  This 
threatened  serious  damage  to  these  dry  farmers.  The 
Station  undertook  to  settle  the  matter  by  testing  the 
bread-making  value  of  both  kinds  of  wheat.  It  was 
found  that  the  wheat  cut  by  the  harvester  was  just 
as  valuable  for  bread-making  as  that  from  wheat 
which  had  been  permitted  to  “sweat”  in  the  stack. 
The  grain  harvesting  did  not  affect  the  value  of  the 
flour.  This  will  settle  it.  The  millers  will  no  longer 
have  any  grounds  for  their  discrimination.  This  is 
fine  work  for  a  station  to  do,  and  there  have  been 
many  similar  cases. 


BREVITIES. 

The  old  fight  against  witch  grass  is  on.  Thorough 
culture,  “smothering”  with  some  rank-growing  crop,  or 
over-stocking  with  sheep  are  the  remedies. 

What  you  want  in  a  sample  of  lime  is  the  finest  pos¬ 
sible  division.  Slaked  lime  is  usually  finer  than  ground 
limestone,  and  will  spread  more  evenly  through  the  soil. 

Yes,  gentlemen,  while  we  are  waiting  for  the  season 
of  vetch  planting,  let  us  not  forget  our  old  friends,  cow- 
pea  and  Soy  bean.  They  will  help  stuff  that  soil  with 
humus. 


1911. 


THR  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


631 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

Whatever  his  motive  previously,  E.  G. 
Lewis  is  certainly  playing  false  and  fraudu¬ 
lent  now  in  "swiping  the  evidence,”  and  re¬ 
sults  are  the  same  to  us  whether  or  not  he 
was  false  from  the  start.  H.  s.  p. 

Lewis  certainly  astonishes  me  in  his  ease 
and  audacity  for  lying,  well  as  I  know  his 
art  by  this  time.  In  the  face  of  the  suits 
against  him  and  his  admission  which  you 
quote  that  there  is  no  equity  whatever  in 
the  Publishing  Company,  he  assures  the 
stockholders  in  his  weekly  that  the  con¬ 
cerns  are  in  a  more  flourishing  condition 
than  ever  before.  How  can  the  women  be 
convinced  that  he  is  untruthful  when  he 
openly  denies  all  the  reports  they  hear? 

Comments  like  the  two  above  come  to 
us  now  regularly  from  women  who  once 
thought  better  of  Mr.  Lewis.  If  they 
could  know  half  of  the  facts  these 
women  would  make  short  work  of  his 
present  pretenses.  What  he  is  writing 
them  in  letters  and  printing  in  his  pa¬ 
per  is  really  an  insult  to  their  intelli¬ 
gence,  and  they  begin  to  see  it. 

He  is  now  frantically  appealing  to 
those  who  have  joined  in  the  suits  to 
collect  what  he  owes  them  to  revoke 
their  instructions  to  their  attorney  and 
give  his  attorney  full  authority  to  do  as 
he  pleases  with  their  claims.  It  would 
seem  impossible  that  any  man  had  the 
gall  to  propose  such  a  thing,  and  yet 
we  have  it  in  plain  writing.  Think  of  it. 
He  buys  land  for  $114,000 ;  turns  it  over 
to  his  company  for  $537,000,  taking  a 
profit  of  $423,000,  and  then  mortgages 
it  to  country  people  for  the  full  amount 
of  the  $537,000.  No  interest  has  been 
paid  on  the  notes  against  this  mort¬ 
gage  except  the  first  advance  payment 
evidently  made  to  induce  the  sale.  The 
notes  are  past  due;  and  he  blandly  tells 
you,  if  forced  to  a  settlement,  your 
mortgage  will  not  bring  more  than  25 
per  cent  of  its  face.  When  you  took  the 
notes,  he  told  you  it  was  amply  se¬ 
cured — the  safest  investment  in  the 
world — and  would  be  paid  within  ,a 
year.  He  convicts  himself  of  misrep¬ 
resentation  and  fraud,  if  we  are  to  be¬ 
lieve  the  statements  he  makes  now  to 
get  these  papers  out  of  your  hands.  But 
he  says  if  the  suits  are  pushed  his  re¬ 
organization  committee  will  have  to 
buy  in  the  claims,  to  protect  those  who 
have  deposited  their  claims  with  him. 
That  is  a  cool  bluff  and  a  fool  argument. 
That  would  suit  us  exactly.  He  can  stop 
the  suits  by  paying  the  notes.  If  others 
want  to  turn  everything  over  to  him, 
and  take  anything,  he  cares  to  give  them 
in  five  years,  or  nothing,  well  and  good. 
Let  him  pay  our  people  and  have  done 
with  it.  He  knows  well  in  his  heart 
that  the  so-called  reorganization  com¬ 
mittee  myth  was  not  created  to  pay  any¬ 
one,  but  to  prevent  the  collecting  of 
honest  claims.  -  It  is  alleged  that  pub¬ 
lishers  are  to  appoint  such  a  committee, 
but  it  is  our  information  that  they  have 
refused  to  have  anything  to  do  with 
it.  The  “sucker  list”  does  not  look  as 
promising  to  them  as  it  did.  The  wo¬ 
men  are  getting  wise  to  the  game. 

Other  creditors  ought  to  understand 
this  reorganization  scheme.  Lewis’s 
purpose  through  it  was  to  get  the  evi¬ 
dences  of  debt  and  criminality  into  his 
possession.  Besides  he  owed  the  Class 
A  Publishers  large  sums  of  money.  It 
is  in  open  account.  They  want  to  col¬ 
lect  this,  and  also  to  use  the  League  as 
a  subscription  agency  for  their  cheap 
publications.  Under  the  depositor’s 
agreement  published  by  Lewis  April  15, 
1911,  absolute  power  to  do  as  they  like, 
and  to  control  the  accounts  and  the  com¬ 
panies,  and  to  interpret  the  contract  is 
given  to  the  committee.  The  committee 
is  to  last  five  years,  and  is  under  no  re¬ 
straint  or  obligation  in  the  meantime, 
and  creditors  get  no  assurances  that  they 
will  even  then  get  anything  definite.  The 
committee  also  has  a  right  to  be  the 
sole  judge  of  the  necessity  of  the  pay¬ 
ment  of  expenses  and  the  amount  of 
them  that  must  be  borne  by  the  persons 
who  deposit  their  claims.  You  are 
bound  to  pay  expenses,  though  you  may 
receive  no  definite  returns.  It  is.  plain 
that  the  publishers  with  such  authority 
for  five  years  could  go  ahead  and  pay 
themselves  out  of  funds,  if  any  were 
found.  After  Lewis’s  admission  that 
the  company  had  nothing  left,  the  pub¬ 
lishers  probably  lost  interest.  But  even 
if  they  went  into  it,  nothing  but  further 
disappointment  and  loss  could  come  to 
note  holders  under  the  mortgages.  But 
if  these  gentlemen  want  the  claims  out 
of  the  way  and  the  suits  stopped,  and 
have  the  money  handy,  let  them  come 
forward  with  the  cash.  Hysterical  ap¬ 
peals  are  no  good  here. 

Those  having  claims  should  now  send 
them  to  us  so  that  the  claims  can  be 
proved  and  properly  presented  to  the 
court;  or  they  may  be  sent  to  Claud  D. 
Hall,  705  Olive  street,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
The  mortgage  notes  of  the  publishing 
company  should  be  presented  promptly 


as  they  are  a  lien  on  the  real  estate 
and  must  be  paid  first. 

By  the  way,  Senator  Jeff  Davis  has 
reserved  his  information  from  the  Post¬ 
master-General.  If  anyone  has  any 
lingering  doubts  about  the  character  of 
the  Lewis  schemes  and  of  his  papers, 
let  them  send  to  Washington  and  get  a 
copy  of  the  report  and  of  the  Secre¬ 
tary’s  letter  on  the  subject. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — Second  Lieutenant  George 
E.  M.  Kelly,  a  volunteer  pupil  in  the  aero¬ 
plane  corps  of  the  United  States  Army,  was 
killed  May  10  at  San  Antonio,  Tex.,  while 
making  a  handing  after  a  flight  alone  in  the 
new  Curtiss  machine  purchased  by  the  War 
Department  for  the  use  of  the  Signal  Corps. 
Lieutenant  Kelly  was  thrown  from  his  ma¬ 
chine  when  it  was  only  about  15  feet  above 
the  ground.  I-Ie  struck  upon  his  head  and 
died  at  the  post  hospital  an  hour  later. 
Lieutenant  Kelly  is  the  fifteenth  of  army 
and  navy  aviators  to  be  killed  in.  aero¬ 
plane  accidents.  He  is  the  second  in  the 
United  States.  The  other  was  Lieutenant 
Thomas  E.  Self  ridge,  of  the  field  artillery, 
who  met  his  death  on  September  17,  1908, 
at  Fort  Myer,  Virginia.  He  was  a  passen¬ 
ger  with  Orville  Wright,  who  was  making  a 
test  of  the  machine  for  the  Government. 
Lieutenant  Selfridge  died  about  three  hours 
after  the  fall  at  the  post  hospital.  Orville 
Wright  was  badly  injured  and  spent  about 
six  weeks  in  the  hospital  before  he  was  re¬ 
moved  to  his  home  at  Dayton,  O.  The  fa¬ 
talities  in  the  army  and  navy  are  as  fol¬ 
lows  :  1908,  America,  1  ;  1909,  France,  1 ; 
1910,  France,  2 ;  Italy,  2 ;  Germany,  1 ; 
Russia,  1 ;  1911,  France,  1 ;  Russia,  2 ;  Ger¬ 
many,  2,  and  America,  1. 

John  F.  Dietz,  the  outlaw  of  Cameron 
Dam,  Wis.,  who  for  five  years  successfully 
defied  the  State  and  Federal  Governments, 
was  convicted'  at  Hayward,  Wis.,  May  13, 
of  murder  in  the  first  degree  because  of  the 
killing  last  Fall  of  Deputy  Sheriff  Oscar 
Harp,  one  of  150  deputies  who  surrounded 
the  Dietz  borne  in  the  Northern  Wisconsin 
woods  under  orders  to  capture  Dietz  dead 
or  alive.  Mrs.  Dietz  and  Leslie  Dietz,  a 
son  were  acquitted,  Dietz  fought  the  au¬ 
thorities  for  years,  defending  his  home¬ 
stead  against  the  Hines  Lumber  Company, 
which  claimed  it,  and  after  removing  one 
Sheriff  for  inability  to  arrest  him,  Governor 
Davidson  ordered  Sheriff  Madden  to  see 
that  the  State  was  no  longer  defied.  Dietz 
managed  his  own  defence,  even  making  his 
own  plea  to  the  jury.  The  Judge  overruled 
his  motion  for  a  new  trial  and  gave  Dietz  a 
life  sentence  in  the  State  Prison.  Capital 
punishment  is  not  allowed  in  Wisconsin. 
Dietz  will  appeal  to  the  Supreme  Court  and 
will  hire  a  lawyer  this  time. 

The  forest  fires  which  have  been  sweep¬ 
ing  the  townships  of  Montague,  Wendell 
and  Erving,  Mass.,  up  to  May  12,  had 
burned  over  about  10,000  acres  of  timber 
and  brush  lands,  causing  damage  estimated 
at  fully  8100,000.  Twelve  farm  buildings 
have  been  destroyed  by  the  fire.  The  city 
of  Keene,  N.  H.,  was  covered  by  dense 
clouds  of  smoke  from  fires  raging  in  the 
forests  of  the  towns  of  Marlboro  and  Rox- 
bury,  adjoining  Keene,  May  12.  The  flames 
have  swept  over  nearly  a  thousand  acres  of 
woodland,  including  valuable  tracts  of  pine, 
and  the  loss  amounts  to  several  thousand 
dollars. 

The  demurrers  of  the  Chicago  packers  in 
the  Beef  Trust  case  were  overruled  May  12 
by  Judge  Carpenter  in  the  United  States 
District  Court.  In  his  ruling,  Judge  Car¬ 
penter  declared  that  the  Sherman  Anti- 
Trust  law,  which  had  been  attacked  by  the 
packers,  is  constitutional.  He  also  held 
that  the  indictment  charging  J.  Ogden  Ar¬ 
mour  and  other  packers  with  violating  its 
provisions  is  valid.  Judge  Carpenter’s  de¬ 
cision  may  have  an  indirect  bearing  on  all 
anti-Trust  litigation  in  the  United  States, 
in  upholding  the  completeness  and  stability 
of  the  Sherman  act.  The  packers  had 
based  their  demurrers  in  part  on  an  asser¬ 
tion  that  the  act  did  not  define  a  crime, 
or  provide  legal  and  constitutional  means 
of  correcting  the  abuses  in  accordance  with 
design  to  control ;  the  decision  distinctly 
denied  this  assumption.  They  also  claimed 
that  the  act  did  not  define  the  misdoing  in 
terms  that  would  enable  the  defendant  to 
know  in  advance  that  such  performances 
as  it  condemned  were  illegal. 

Lewis  Conrad,  president,  and  Conrad 
Lotz  and  W.  M.  Bingaman,  officers  of  the 
Correspondence  School  of  America,  of  Scran¬ 
ton,  I’a.,  were  fined  $25  each  and  one-third 
of  costs  after  a  plea  of  nolle  contendere  in 
the  United  States  Court  at  Harrisburg,  Pa., 
May  12.  The  men  had  been  arraigned  on 
the*  charge  of  using  the  United  States  mail 
to  defraud  by  representing  that  they  could 
teach  art  and  cartoon  drawing  by  mail. 
The  costs  in  the  case  will  amount  to  about 
$3,000.  Numerous  witnesses  were  brought 
to  Harrisburg  from  other  States. 

The  Ward  Liner  Merida,  from  Vera  Cruz, 
Progreso  and  Havana,  was  rammed  amid¬ 
ships  May  12  by  the  fruiter  Admiral  Far- 
ragut  of  the  American  Mail  Steamship  Line 
in  a  heavy  fog  55  miles  east  one-half  north 
of  Cape  Charles.  After  the  transfer  of  the 
passengers  and  crew  of  the  Merida  to  the 
Admiral  Farragut  the  Ward  Liner  foun¬ 
dered  in  35  fathoms — 210  feet — beyond  the 
hope  of  salvage  and  too  deep  to  interfere 
with  the  progress  of  the  deepest  ships.  All 
the  Merida’s  passengers,  202  in  first  and 
second  cabin,  were  saved.  One,  a  woman, 
was  injured,  but  not  severely.  The  story 
of  the  disaster  was  told  by  wireless  long 
before  the  passengers,  officers  and  crew  of 
the  Merida  arrived  in  Norfolk  aboard  the 
Old  Dominion  steamship  Hamilton,  which 
took  them  from  the  Admiral  Farragut.  The 
Merida  carried  360  passengers  and  crew, 
and  was  bound  from  Havana  via  Vera 
Cruz  for  New  York.  She  carried  $750,000 
in  silver  bullion  and  specie,  and  this,vwith 
the  valuables  belonging  to  the  passengers, 
went  to  the  bottom.  The  treasure  is  be¬ 
low  diving  depth.  The  Farragut  was  also 
seriously  injured,  and  the  passengers  were 
transferred  to  another  vessel  summoned  by 
wireless. 

New  York  State  Bank  Superintendent 
Orion  H.  Cheney  and  Clark  Williams.  Mr. 
Cheney’s  predecessor,  explained  May  12  for 
the  first  time,  their  relations  with  the  Car¬ 
negie  Trust  Company  of  New  York,  and 
William  J.  Cummins  and  the  Cummins  syn¬ 
dicate.  Mr.  Cheney  says  that  he  received 


from  Mr.  Carnegie  and  from  R.  A.  Franks, 
Mr.  Carnegie’s  confidential  man,  numerous 
assurances  between  April,  1910,  and  Janu¬ 
ary,  1911,  that  depositors  in  the  Carnegie 
Trust  Company  would  be  protected,  but 
that  when  the  fate  of  the  compamy  was 
put  squarely  up  to  Mr.  Carnegie  on  the 
night  of  'January  6,  1911  (the  day  before 
the  trust  company  went  under),  Mr.  Car¬ 
negie  declined  to  advance  the  $500,000  that 
was  immediately  required.  The  bank  su¬ 
perintendent  says  in  his  report  to  the  Gov¬ 
ernor  that  the  trust  company  was  not 
closed  before  January  7,  1911,  because  “the 
conditions  did  not  justify  such  action.” 
The  concern  was  weak  when  be  took  office, 
he  says,  and  the  problem  before  the  super¬ 
intendent  was  to  correct  unsatisfactory  con¬ 
ditions  and  at  the  same  time  protect  depos¬ 
itors.  Cheney  became  the  head  of  the  de¬ 
partment  on  November  24,  1909.  One  of 
the  first  things  he  did  was  to  order  out  of 
the  Carnegie  the  four  independent  fertilizer 
notes  for  $600,000  each  that  Dickinson  and 
Cummins  had  secured  to  get  the  money 
with  which  to  buy  the  Van  Norden  banks. 
With  the  $2,000,000  that  Andrew  Carnegie 
loaned  to  Cummins  and  his  associates  the 
notes  were  taken  up.  Joseph  B.  Reich- 
mann.  then  the  president  of  the  National 
Starch  Company,  and  a  member  of  the  ex¬ 
ecutive  committee  of  the  Corn  Products 
Company,  was  made  president  of  the  Car¬ 
negie  Trust  Company  in  place  of  C.  C.  Dick¬ 
inson. 

The  United  States  Express  Company 
filed  a  declaration  in  the  Supreme  Court  at 
Trenton,  N.  J.,  May  15,  in  its  suit  to  re¬ 
cover  $250,000  from  Jersey  City  on  account 
of  losses  sustained  during  the  expressmen’s 
strike  last  Fall.  The  declaration  alleges 
that  Mayor  Wittpenn  and  the  police  depart¬ 
ment  of  Jersey  City  failed  to  furnish  prop¬ 
er  protection  to  the  express  company  or  to 
take  adequate  action  to  suppress  the  rioting 
which  resulted  in  tying  up  the  business  of 
the  express  company  and  the  destruction  of 
its  property.  It  is  also  shown  that  In  the 
large  quantity  of  express  matter,  delivery 
of  which,  was  tied  up  by  the  strikers  and 
their  sympathizers,  there  was  much  perish¬ 
able  merchandise.  The  declaration  states 
in  some  detail  how  the  company’s  stables 
were  mobbed,  its  wagons  overturned  in  the 
streets  and  its  business  interrupted.  The 
company  seeks  to  hold  the  city  responsible 
because  of  its  failure  to  adopt  suitable  pro¬ 
tective  methods. 

The  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States 
May  15  ordered  the  dissolution  of  the 
Standard  Oil  Company  of  New  Jersey.  In 
connection  with  this  decree  it  also  handed 
down  its  interpretation  of  the  Sherman 
anti-trust  law.  In  this,  the  first  of  its  big 
decisions  in  the  anti-trust  cases,  the  court 
holds  that  the  Standard  Oil  Company  is  a 
conspiracy  in  restrain  of  trade  and  a  mon¬ 
opoly  in  contravention  of  the  Sherman 
anti-trust  law.  Thus  after  a  fight  of  many 
years,  in  which  every  obstacle  known  to 
the  legal  profession  has  been  interposed, 
the  Fedex-al  Government  has  finally  succeed¬ 
ed  in  its  efforts  to  compel  this  giant  cor¬ 
poration  to  cast  off  its  holding  company 
and  again  to  separate  itself  into  thirty- 
three  constituent  parts.  To  accomplish  this 
gigantic  undertaking  the  court  sets  a  period 
of  six  months.  This  is  an  extension  of  five 
months  over  the  time  allotted  in  the  dis¬ 
solution  decree  of  the  lower  court.  The 
decree  of  the  Circuit  Court  was  modified  by 
the  Supreme  Court  in  only  one  other  partic¬ 
ular.  The  Supreme  Court  orders  that  the 
Standard  Oil  Company  and  its  subsidiaries 
shall  not  be  excluded  from  interstate  com¬ 
merce  pending  the  putting  of  its  house  in 
order.  The  decision  of  the  court  in  regard 
to  the  general  interpretation  of  the  Sher¬ 
man  anti-trust  law  was  awaited  with  great¬ 
er  anxiety  by  the  business  world  than  the 
finding  of  fact  in  the  Standard  Oil  case. 
The  court  holds  that  it  is  necessary  to  dis¬ 
tinguish  between  “reasonable”  and  “unrea¬ 
sonable”  restraint  of  trade  as  covered  by 
the  Sherman  anti-trust  law. 

The  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States 
in  an  opinion  that  will  probably  become 
historical  as  a  precedent,  held  May  15  that 
the  labor  boycott  is  illegal,  that  it  may  be 
enjoined  and  that  violations  of  the  injunc¬ 
tion  may  be  punished  by  fine  or  imprison¬ 
ment.  The  case  decided  was  that  involving 
the  sentences  of  imprisonment  imposed 
upon  Samuel  Gompers,  president  of  the 
American  Federation  of  Labor ;  Frank  Mor¬ 
rison,  secretary  of  that  organization,  and 
John  Mitchell,  a  member  of  the  federation 
council.  The  opinion  of  the  court,  which 
was  rendered  by  Associate  Justice  Lamar, 
held  that  the  prison  sentences  .imposed  on 
the  three  defendants  were  improper  be¬ 
cause  the  action  against  them  was  a  civil 
and  not  a  criminal  action.  The  court  held 
that  because  the  action  for  contempt  was 
begun  upon  the  application  of  the  attorneys 
for  the  Bucks  Stove  and  Range  Company 
and  was  prosecuted  by  them  it  was  neces¬ 
sarily  a  civil  action.  Therefore  it  was  held 
there  was  no  authority  in  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  District  of  Columbia  to  pun¬ 
ish  the  offence  as  an  act  of  criminal  con¬ 
tempt. 

A  parcels  post  conference  will  be  held  in 
the  Waldorf  Hotel,  New  York,  May  24,  at 
two  and  eight  p.  m.  On  June  14  there  will 
be  a  hearing  on  the  Sulzer  parcels  post 
bill  at  Washington.  It  is  hoped  that  both 
of  these  meetings  will  be  largely  attended. 

Samuel  S.  Bogart,  vice-president  of  the 
United  Wireless  Telegraph  Company,  who, 
with  Christopher  C.  Wilson,  the  president, 
and  four  other  officials  of  the  corporation, 
is  on  trial  in  the  United  States  Circuit 
Court,  entered  a  plea  of  guilty  May  17. 
The  indictment  under  which  the  six  men 
are  being  tried  is  a  joint  one,  and  charges 
conspiracy  and  the  use  of  the  mails  in  a 
scheme  to  defraud  investors.  Throughout 
the  trial,  now  in  its  third  week,  the  gov¬ 
ernment  made  no  attempt  to  separate  the 
defendants  or  to  show  their  individual  ac¬ 
tivities  in  the  scheme  to  reap  millions 
through  misrepresentation  as  to  the  value 
of  the  United  Wireless  stocks.  It  was 
shown,  however,  that  C.  C.  Wilson  had 
gathered  the  lion’s  share  of  the  loot,  re¬ 
ceiving  approximately  $1,500,000. 

FARM  AND  GARDEN.— The  twenty- 
sixth  annual  meeting  of  the  IIolstein-Friesian 
Association  of  America  will  be  held  at  the 
New  Court  House,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  Wednes¬ 
day,  June  7,  at  10  a.  m.  All  persons  inter¬ 
ested  in  IIolstein-Friesian  cattle,  whether 
members  of  the  association  or  not,  are  most 
cordially  invited  to  attend  this  meeting. 

The  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  of  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture 
has  purchased  practically  all  the  Morgan 


horses  owned  by  the  Willowmoor  Farms, 
Redmond,  Wash.,  the  proprietor,  J.  W. 
Clise  of  Seattle,  having  concluded  to  dis¬ 
continue  the  horse  breeding  feature  of  bis 
farm.  These  animals  are  intended  for  the 
Department’s  Morgan  Horse  Farm  at  Mid- 
dlebury,  Vt.,  where  breeding  is  being  car¬ 
ried  on  with  the  object  of  preserving  and 
improving  the  Morgan  breed. 

The  New  York  State  Drainage  Association 
offers  three  medals,  gold,  silver  and  bronze, 
for  the  best  reports  of  experience  in  tile 
draining.  Conditions  of  the  contest  can 
be  secured  from  Prof.  Elmer  O.  Fippin, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

An  attractive  programme  has  been  ar¬ 
ranged  for  the  bee  keepers’  convention  and 
field  days  to  be  held  at  the  Massachusetts 
College,  Amherst,  June  6  and  7,  as  a  clos¬ 
ing  feature  of  the  short  course  in  bee  keep¬ 
ing.  The  regular  faculty  of  the  college  will 
give  several  lectures  and  demonstrations. 
Besides  these,  Mrs.  Anna  Botsford  Com¬ 
stock  of  Cornell  University,  Mr.  E.  R.  Root 
of  Medina,  Ohio,  and  Dr.  James  Porter  of 
Clark  University,  all  having  world-wide 
reputation  as  experts  in  the  subject  of  bee 
keeping,  have  been  engaged  as  principal 
speakers. 


Jersey  Cattle  Club. 

The  annual  meeting  in  New  York  May  3 
was  well  attended.  During  the  year  62 
new  members  have  been  added  and  28  have 
died,  making  the  present  membership  462. 
The  total  registration  numbers  are  95,077 
bulls  and  255,313  cows.  A  building  site 
has  been  purchased  by  the  Club  and  a  new 
building  with  ample  space  for  offices  and 
board .  meetings  will  be  erected.  President 
Darling  was  re-elected ;  following  are  the 
new  directors  :  II.  N.  McKinney,  J.  M.  Over- 
ton,  W.  W.  Potter,  and  Geo.  E.  Peer. 


FARMERS’  SHARE  OF  “SPORT”  MONEY 

Farmers  whose  abutting  property  often¬ 
times  is  used  by  the  sporting  fraternity 
without  the  asking  or  the  permission, 
ought  to  be  interested  in  the  outcome  of 
a  contention  that  just  has  ended  consider¬ 
ably  to  the  interest  of  the  farmers.  The 
Kane  Co.,  Ill.,  farmers  whose  fields  and 
fences  are  along  a  so-called  automobile 
race  course  on  which  daredevil  races  have 
been  held  for  the  last  two  years,  got  to¬ 
gether  and  refused  to  allow  onlookers  to 
stand  in  their  fields  or  sit  on  their  fences 
unless  they  were  paid  for  the  privilege. 
The  race  people  had  sold  a  number  of 
privileges  for  observation  stands,  lunch 
counters,  peanut  roasters  and  so  on.  At 
first  the  entire  revenue  from  this  source 
went  into  the  pockets  of  the  motor  club 
people.  Even  advertising  space  was  sold, 
and  some  of  it  encroached  on  the  property 
of  the  farmers.  The  racers  of  eourse  occu¬ 
pied  the  public  road  that  the  farmers  had 
either  helped  to  make  or  taxed  for  upkeep, 
and  for  two  hours  or  more  each  day  th« 
same  public  highway  was  closed  to  legiti¬ 
mate  traffic.  Bystanders  were  not  permit¬ 
ted  to  stand  or  sit  between  the  fences,  and 
so  this  drove  them  over  Into  the  meadows, 
corn  patches  and  growing  grain  fields. 

Last  year  the  farmers  got  together;  they 
had  the  county  officers  back  of  them  and 
they  threatened  to  estop  the  use  of  the 
road  unless  each  property  holder  was 
allowed  for  the  use  of  his  land.  Last  year 
they  were  poorly  paid,  or  at  least  some  of 
them  got  little  or  nothing,  while  others 
received  a  great  deal.  This  year  the  farm¬ 
ers  laid  out  a  new  set  of  rules,  or  rather 
they  demanded  something  better  from  the 
motor  club,  so  that  a  schedule  has  been 
arranged  and  agreed  to  by  which  eaeh 
farmer  along  the  entire  course  is  paid  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  frontage  on  the  course. 
More  than  this,  they  demanded  and  were 
given  a  percentage  of  the  income  from 
huckstering  and  other  concerns  occupying 
their  land.  The  result  was  that  there  will 
be  an  even  and  equitable  division  of  the 
receipts,  and  the  guaranteed  sum  for  races 
to  be  held  next  August  is  near  $3,000 
more  than  it  was  last  year.  At  first  ths 
motor  club  refused  to  come  across,  but  the 
farmers,  some  of  them  owning  some  of  the 
finest  dairy  farms  in  Illinois,  simply  and 
firmly  told  the  sports  that  there  would 
have  to  be  an  agreement  beforehand  or 
there  would  be  no  races,  and  ultimately, 
the  differences  were  adjusted.  In  other 
ways  the  Illinois  farmer  is  holding  out  for 
recompense  for  so-called  sporting  scheme* 
brought  off  in  the  country  and  on  farm 
property.  It  has  got  to  be  a  kind  of  farm 
by-product,  and  in  some  instances  the 
revenue  has  built  some  of  the  best  farm 
buildings  in  the  State.  Picnic  groves,  sav« 
in  instances  for  local  church,  Sunday  school 
or  other  local  associations  of  neighborhood 
interest,  where  once  they  were  taken  with¬ 
out  even  asking  permission,  are  charged 
for.  The  practice  has  reduced  a  great  farm 
nuisance  and  made  to  pay  for  the  dam¬ 
aging  occurrences  and  for  cleaning  up  the 
litter  left  on  the  grounds.  J.  t.  graft. 

Illinois. 


The  prospects  for  a  large  crop  of 
peaches,  plums,  pears  and  cherries  in  Mus¬ 
kegon  and  Oceana  counties  are  very  good. 
Many  of  the  varieties  of  apples  do  not  seem 
to  be  well  budded,  and  the  crop  will  not  he 
as  large  as  expected.  Owing  to  the  num¬ 
ber  of  canning  factories  in  this  locality 
several  of  the  farmers  have  been  setting 
out  berries ;  prospects  are  very  favorable 
for  a  good  crop.  Several  carloads  of  trees 
have  been  planted  in  this  locality  this  year. 
At  Whitehall  one  grower  planted  out  5,500 
trees,  mostly  cherries  and  apples.  E.  v.  a. 

Muskegon  County,  Mich. 

Ideal  weather  for  work ;  corn  planting  in 
full  blast  (May  12)  ;  next  week  will  see  all 
planted.  Wheat  and  oats  look  promising; 
clover  and  Timothy  poor ;  high  price  of 
seeds  prevented  much  being  sown  this  year. 
Alfalfa  looks  unusually  fine.  Potatoes  be¬ 
ing  high-priced  and  rush  of  work  are  causes 
for  a  short  acreage.  We  think  this  a  mis¬ 
take,  and  predict  high  prices  to  remain. 
Fruit  prospects  very  good,  all  kinds.  Spray¬ 
ing  is  being  done  by  many.  Old  grain 
mostly  sold ;  stock  interests  are  change¬ 
able.  Last  year  hogs  were  the  rage— even 
this  Spring  brood  sows  brought  unusually 
high  prices.  Now  farmers  are  disposing  of 
all  their  hogs,  claiming  that  last  year’s 
prices,  although  high,  did  not  let  them  out 
whole.  Cattle  in  demand.  Poultry,  eggs 
and  butter  are  leading  Items  in  profit  this 
Spring.  Business  outlook  fair.  Good  crops 
if  they  can  be  had  will  put  things  in  good 
shape.  J.  h.  h. 

Carroll  Co.,  Ind. 


632 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


May  27, 


Woman  and  the  Home 


From  Day  to  Day. 

THE  WHITE  PEACE. 

It  lies  not  on  the  sunlit  hill, 

Nor  on  the  sunlit  plain ; 

Nor  ever  on  any  running  stream, 

Nor  on  the  unclouded  main — 

But  sometimes,  through  the  Soul  of  Man, 
Slow  moving  o’er  his  pain, 

The  moonlight  of  a  perfect  peace 
Floods  heart  and  brain. 

— Fiona  Macleod  (William  Sharp). 

* 

Cinnamon  toast  is  a  new  dainty  that 
makes  its  appearance  at  afternoon  teas. 
It  is  very  simple,  but  must  be  served 
just  when  ready,  and  not  allowed  to 
stand  and  cool.  Slice  bread  very  thin, 
cut  off  crust,  divide  diagonally  and  toast 
a  rich  brown.  Brush  over  with  melted 
butter,  dust  with  a  mixture  of  cinnamon 
and  sugar,  and  put  in  the  oven  until  the 
cinnamon  and  sugar  soak  in,  then  put 
on  a  hot  plate  and  serve  at  once.  This 
is  very  tasty,  and  in  an  emergency  may 
take  the  place  of  cake. 

* 

With  the  collarless  waists  that  are  as 
popular  as  ever,  black  velvet  bands  have 
returned  as  neck  dressing.  They  are 
from  three-quarters  of  an  inch  to  two 
inches  wide,  fitting  smoothly  like  a  dog 
collar,  fastened  at  the  back  with  an  or¬ 
namental  clasp.  Some  have  steel,  jet 
or  jeweled  slides  at  intervals,  others  are 
plain,  with  a  simple  ornament  in  front. 
A  flat  brooch  or  buckle  may  be  used  to 
trim  the  front,  and  the  back  fastened  in¬ 
visibly  with  snap  fasteners.  The  cut 
steel  slides  and  ornaments  are  quite  ex¬ 
pensive,  one  rather  wide  band  with  sev¬ 
eral  steel  slides,  clasp  and  fancy  buckle 
costing  $12.  Rhinestone  buckles  are 
very  pretty  on  the  black  velvet  also. 

* 

Jewellers  used  to  string  gold  beads 
upon  a  slender  gold  chain,  but  this  is 
rarely  done  now  unless  specially  re¬ 
quested.  The  gold  used  in  the  chain  is 
harder  than  that  in  the  beads,  and  in 
the  course  of  time  it  mars  the  beads  by 
wearing  out  little  worn  places  at  the 
ends  of  the  perforation.  For  this 
reason  a  silk  cord  is  now  preferred,  but 
it  should  be  renewed  once  or  twice  a 
year,  according  to  the  amount  of  wear 
the  beads  get;  otherwise  there  is  risk  of 
its  cutting  through.  When  strung  on 
silk  beads  lie  more  smoothly  around  the 
neck  than  when  on  a  chain.  We  string 
coral  or  glass  beads  on  catgut,  and  find 
it  very  secure;  where  there  is  a  violin 
or  banjo  in  the  family  there  is  often  a 
broken  string  too  short  for  the  instru¬ 
ment,  but  quite  long  enough  to  string  a 
necklace. 

* 

As  an  indication  of  the  extent  to 
which  people  play  cards  nowadays  we 
were  interested  in  notices  recently  seen 
in  the  rest  room  of  a  New  York  de¬ 
partment  store.  Above  each  writing 
table  was  the  sign,  “Please  do  not  play 
solitaire  at  this  table.”  It  was  ex¬ 
plained  that  so  many  women  who  came 
into  the  room  to  rest  played  solitaire 
that  people  who  wanted  to  write  letters 
could  not  get  a  desk  or  place  to  sit. 
This  was  a  nuisance  in  itself,  but  in  ad¬ 
dition  to  this  there  are  still  many  peo¬ 
ple  with  conscientious  scruples  against 
card  playing,  and  the  store  management 
felt  that  it  could  not  afford  to  lose  good 
customers  by  this  offense  to  their  feel¬ 
ings.  For  this  reason  most  good  hotels 
in  New  York  do  not  permit  cards  in 
their  public  reception  rooms,  guests  be¬ 
ing  requested  to  confine  card  playing  to 
the  privacy  of  their  own  apartments.  We 
are  often  surprised  to  find  how  many 
women  habitually  carry  cards  with  them, 
and  indulge  in  a  game  of  solitaire  when¬ 
ever  they  are  at  liberty ;  it  seems  to  take 
the  place  of  an  old-fashioned  woman’s 
knitting.  Whether  one  looks  upon  card¬ 
playing  indulgently  or  harshly,  it  must 
be  admitted  that  a  great  many  women 
waste  much  time  over  this  amusement 


which  might  be  far  more  profitably  em¬ 
ployed.  This  is  especially  the  case  in 
many  town  and  suburban  districts,  where 
cards  shoulder  every  other  recreation 
aside. 

* 

In  putting  away  furs  for  the  Summer 
the  most  important  thing  is  to  see  that 
they  are  well  cleaned  by  beating  with 
rods,  so  that  all  dust  is  removed.  In 
professional  storage  they  are  also  given 
a  sort  of  vacuum  cleaning  too.  Then 
wrap  them  in  paper  and  put  in  a  dark 
closet  or  chest.  Use  moth  balls,  but 
remember  that  if  they  are  not  clean 
when  put  away  preservatives  cannot 
make  them  so.  Instead  of  leaving  them 
sealed  up  until  cold  weather  they  should 
be  taken  out,  shaken  and  examined  every 
two  or  three  weeks.  All  furriers  agree 
that  this  is  wise,  and  after  seeing  gar¬ 
ments  riddled  by  moths  after  being  left 
unexamined  for  several  months,  in  spite 
of  moth  balls  and  cedar  chest,  we  have 
adopted  the  plan  of  examining  stored 
articles  at  intervals.  Paper  is  always  a 
better  wrapping  for  storage  than  cloth. 
Darkness  is  good  for  the  color  of  fur. 
If  any  repairs  are  necessary  these 
should  be  attended  to  before  storing,  for 
furs  are  always  wanted  hurriedly  for 
immediate  wear  when  cold  weather  sets 
in. 

* 

The  velvet  bags  that  were  so  popu¬ 
lar  in  the  Winter  are  giving  place  to 
bags  of  satin,  plain  or  striped,  brocade 
and  moire,  and  many  of  them  are  ex¬ 
tremely  gorgeous,  decorated  in  metallic 
embroideries  and  braids.  Some  are  of 
the  flat  envelope  shape,  stiffened  with  an 
interlining,  some  are  the  ordinary  bag 
shape  with  metal  frame  and  others  are 
closed  by  draw-strings ;  the  one  point  in 
which  they  agree  is  in  having  long  cord 
strings,  instead  of  the  smaller  strap  or 
chain  handle.  Fashionable  women  ex¬ 
pect  to  have  a  bag  to  match  each  cos¬ 
tume.  An  example  of  the  gorgeous  type 
noted  was  a  flat  purse-shaped  bag  about 
15  inches  long  and  10  inches  deep  of 
gold-colored  brocade,  bound  with  gold 
braid,  and  embroidered  with  a  handsome 
pattern  in  gold  and  silver.  The  flap  fas¬ 
tened  over  with  a  gold  clasp,  and  there 
were  long  gold  cords  to  carry  it  by. 
Anyone  lucky  enough  to  have  some  old- 
fashioned  brocaded  silk  can  make  a  very 
handsome  bag  or  purse  at  a  moderate 
outlay  of  time  and  energy.  Of  course  it 
must  be  neatly  lined  and  finished,  but 
then  neatness  is  a  necessity  in  any  dress 
accessory.  _ 

A  Plea  for  the  Pepper. 

Not  for  the  black  pepper  of  com¬ 
merce,  or  the  more  delicate  white,  which 
everyone  uses.  Both  of  those  are  pro¬ 
ducts  of  'Piper  nigrum  prepared  in  a 
different  manner.  But  for  the  capsicum, 
the  home-grown  garden  pepper,  which 
can  be  utilized  in  every  family  in  so 
many  ways,  and  especially  for  the  sweet 
pepper,  to  be  eaten  as  a  vegetable. 
Though  common  in  the  South,  and  lo¬ 
cally  so  elsewhere,  it  is  far  too  little 
known  in  New  England.  I  have  known 
a  city  provision  dealer  to  look  surprised 
at  a  request  for  sweet  or  mild  peppers, 
and  reply  that  he  did  not  know  that 
there  was  any  difference  in  them.  With 
almost  any  meal  of  which  fried  meat  is 
a  part  there  is  no  more  healthful  and_ 
appetizing  accompaniment  than  a  shred¬ 
ded  green  mild  pepper  fried  brown  in 
the  same  pan.  The  seeds,  which  contain 
most  of  the  sharpness  in  the  mild  va¬ 
rieties,  may  be  removed,  wholly  or  in 
part,  but  never  need  be  wasted.  They 
will  add  a  piquant  flavor  to  the  jar  of 
pickles,  or  may  be  dried  for  future  use. 
A  few  small  bits  of  either  green  or  ripe 
pepper  baked  with  the  beans,  once  tried 
will  be  tried  again.  The  beauty  as  well 
as  the  usefulness  of  this  vegetable  of 
many-sided  character  commends  it  to  a 
place  in  every  garden.  They  are  easy  of 
culture,  and  most  kinds  very  productive. 
The  well-known  Ruby  King,  the  earlier 


Neapolitan  and  the  enormous  Chinese 
Giant  are  valuable  varieties  for  ordinary 
cooking  purposes  and  for  pickling  and 
stuffing;  the  fiery  little  Tabasco,  Red 
Chili  and  Creole  are  most  useful  in 
homemade  condiments,  while  the  Golden 
Dawn,  Celestial,  Kaleidoscope  and  To¬ 
mato  pepper  are  extremely  ornamental, 
some  of  these  last  being  grown  as  pot 
plants  for  their  brilliant  beauty. 

J.  E.  c 


With  the  Earlier  Fruits. 

Strawberry  Dumplings. — One  pint  of 
flour,  one  and  one-half  teaspoon  bak¬ 
ing  powder,  one-half  teaspoonful  salt 
and  two  tablespoonfuls  shortening. 
Milk  to  make  a  soft  dough.  Roll  one-half 
inch  thick  and  cut  in  rounds  about  size 
of  a  saucer.  On  each  place  a  handful 
of  berries,  draw  the  edges  firmly  to¬ 
gether.  Steam  one-half  hour.  Serve 
with  rich  sweetened  cream. 

Raspberry  Roly-poly. — Use  the  same 
dough  as  for  strawberry  dumplings  only 
leave  it  in  a  sheet  and  place  on  it  evenly 
as  many  berres  as  can  be  conveniently 
rolled.  For  our  family  I  double  the 
amount  of  flour  and  other  ingredients 
and  use  about  a  quart  of  black  rasp¬ 
berries.  Roll  and  pinch  ends  securely 
together,  place  in  a  well  floured  pudding 
bag  and  plunge  into  boiling  water  and 
boil  for  one  and  one-half  hours.  Serve 
with  cream  and  sugar. 

Raspberry  Trifle. — Bake  a  sponge  cake 
in  a  square  baking  pan.  Leaving  an  inch 
margin  on  all  sides,  remove  the  center 
of  cake  and  fill  with  red  raspberries  over 
which  sprinkle  a  generous  layer  of  sugar 
and  cover  with  whipped  cream. 

Gooseberry  Pudding. — Stew  fruit  for 
10  minutes  and  beat  well.  For  each  pint 
allow  one  cup  sugar,  one  ounce  of  butter, 
one-half  pint  bread  crumbs  and  two 
eggs.  Mix  all  except  the  eggs,  with  fruit 
while  hot.  When  it  has  cooled  stir  the 
eggs  in  well  and  bake  in  pudding  mold 
for  one-half  hour. 

Cherry  Pudding. — Two  rounded  cups 
of  flour,  two  teaspoons  baking  powder, 
one-half  teaspoon  salt,  three- fourths  cup 
sugar,  one  egg,  one  cup  water  or  milk, 
two  tablespoons  butter.  Stir  into  this 
batter  a  pint  of  raw  cherries  and  bake 
in  a  mold  in  which  the  batter  will  stand 
about  two  inches  deep  with  room  to  rise. 

Cherry  Short-cake. — Two  cups  flour, 
one  teaspoon  baking  powder,  one  tea¬ 
spoon  salt,  one  tablespoon  cornstarch, 
one-fourth  cup  sugar  and  one-half  cup 
shortening.  Make  into  a  soft  dough  with 
milk.  Divide  in  two  parts,  roll  each  into 
a  round.  Butter  one  and  place  the  other 
on  top  and  bake.  When  done  I  like  to 
split  the  cakes  as  well  as  taking  them 
apart  and  make  four  layers,  using  for 
the  filling  ripe  cherries  or  strawberries 
that  have  been  crushed  with  a  generous 
amount  of  sugar  some  time  before. 

MRS.  M.  D. 


If  we  live  truly,  we  shall  see  truly.  It 
is  as  easy  for  the  strong  man  to  be 
strong  as  it  is  for  the  weak  to  be  weak. 
When  we  have  new  perception,  we  shall 
gladly  disburden  the  memory  of  its 
hoarded  treasures  as  old  rubbish.  When 
a  man  lives  with  God  his  voice  shall  be 
as  sweet  as  the  murmur  of  the  brook 
and  the  rustle  of  the  corn. — Emerson. 


My  “Pearl  Glass” 
lamp-chimneys  are 
clear  as  crystal. 
They  remain  so 
throughout  lone 
service. 

Chimneys  made 
of  bottle  glass  are 
dull  when  you  buy 
them.  They  get 
mistier  in  use  and 
break  at  the  first  chance. 

Macbeth  “Pearl  Glass”  lamp- 
chimneys  are  tough.  They  are. 
made  to  last. 

My  name  is  on  every  one.  I  make  a  lamp  - 
chimney  for  every  burner  and  my  Index  tells 
which  one  to  get.  Send  for  it. 


Reg.  U.  S.  rat.  Off. 


Macbeth 


Macbeth-Evans  Glass  Co. 


Pittsburgh 


Chicago:  Phii.adki.phia: 

ITS  East  Lake  Street  42  South  Eighth  Street 

New  York:  19  West  30tli  Street 


PRIZES  and  TROPHIES 

Cups,  fob  medals,  trophy  shields,  etc.  Ap¬ 
propriately  designed  and  suitably  inscribed 
for  all  occasions.  Write  for  Catalogue  N. 
DORRETY,  BOSTON,  MASS..U.S.A. 


COLORADO  FARM  VALUES  GAIN  300% 

Thirty  per  cent  every  year,  300  per  cent  in  ton 
years,  is  the  gain  in  value  of  Colorado  farm  lands 
just  reported  by  the  United  States  census.  In  the 
next  ten  years,  witli  further  extension  of  irrigation 
there  will  he  a  still  greater  gain.  Colorado  farms 
often  pay  for  themselves  in  two  or  three  years,  and 
sometimes  in  one.  Double  crops  and  high-priced 
markets.  Sunshine  and  health-restoring  climate. 
Thirty  thousand  more  farmers  can  build  substan¬ 
tial  hank  accounts  while  supplying  the  dairy,  hog 
and  poultry  products  now  consumed  annually  in 
this  State.  Write  us  for  official  information. 
COLORADO  STATE  BOARD  OF  IMMIGRA¬ 
TION,  314  State  House,  Denver,  Colorado. 


Canadian  Pacific 
Offers  YOU  Farm 

in  Sunny  Alberta,  Near 
Existing  Railway  Lines 

The  last  chance  for  a  first  selection  of 
low-priced  land  in  Central  Alberta,  near 
existing  railway  lines.  Thousands  of  home 
seekers  and  shrewd  investors  have  snapped 
up  all  the  former  tracts  offered  by  the  Can¬ 
adian  Pacific  Railway.  This  new  one  just 
now  opened  is  your  best  chance.  Here  you’ll 
find  American  neighbors— 400.000  acres  in  this 
district  were  bought  by  American  home  seek¬ 
ers  during  1910.  Now  we  offer  2,000,000  ad¬ 
ditional  acres — the  pick  of  the  Province,  the 
finest  wheat  land  on  the  continent — where 
farms  are  often  paid  for  with  one  season’s 
crops— where  climate,  soil,  transportation 
and  markets  combine  to  build  fortunes  fast. 
The  eyes  of  the  world  are  on  this  country. 
Yet  right  here  by  the  railroad,  among  neigh¬ 
bors,  where  good  roads,  schools  and  all 
sound  social  conditions  are  established,  we 
offer  you  a  farm  at  $12  to  $25  an  Acre. 

Three  Ways  of  Buying 

Your  Farm — at  your  Option 

FOR  INVESTMENT  -  One-sixth  cash, 
balance  in  five  equal  annual  installments. 

DEVELOPMENT  BY  SETTLER -One- 
tenth  cash,  balance  in  nine  equal  annual 
installments. 

CROP  PAYMENT  PLAN— In  partnership 
with  Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  one-tenth 
cash,  balance  by  crop  payment— NO  CROP— 
NO  PAY.  - 

Think  of  it!  Such  an  offer  of  the  choicest 
of  “The  Last  Best  West.”  The  gate  is  un¬ 
locked  to  the  best  great  tract  of  virgin  land 
in  Sunny  Alberta.  Districts  previously  sold 
are  making  fortunes  for  American  farmers 
who  realize  that  Western  Canada  is  the 
future  source  of  wheat  supply  for  the  United 
States. 

Write  for  Free  Book  NOW 

First  come — first  served;  earliest  arrival 
— biggest  value— quickest  results.  Write 
quick  for  “Alberta  Hand  Book” — and  all  the 
facts  about  this  land  of  home  and  fortune. 
Address 

J.  S.  Dennis,  Manager,  Alberta  Land  Dept., 

CANADIAN  PACIFIC  RAILWAY 

342  9th  Ave.,  West,  Calgary,  Alberta,  Can. 


WANTED — SIDEIt  AGENTS 


IN  EACH  TOWN 

and  district  to 

-  ....  .  „  ,  -  - - — —  w  ride  and  ex- 

mbit  a  sample  191 1  Model  “Ranker”  bicycle  furnished  by  us.  Our  agents  every - 
W  °t  once  for  full  particulars  and  special  offer . 

iso  irlOiNEY  REQUIRED  until  you  receive  and  approve  of  your  bicycle.  We  ship  to 
,a5fi^neVimCir? !?v2» lili> a  cen*  deposit  in  advance,  Prepay  fr eight ,  and 
allow  TEJN  DAYS  FREE  TRIAL  during  which  time  you  may  ride  the  bicycle  and  put 
it  to  any  test  you  wish.  If  you  are  then  not  perfectly  satisfied  or  do  not  wish  to  keep  the 
Dicycle  you  may  ship  it  back  to  us  at  our  expense  and  you  will  not  be  out  one  cent . 

LOW  FACTORY  PRIPFC  Wefumish  the  highest  grade  bicycles  It  Is  possible  to  make 

*■  ■  *  ■  ■■■Wfciii#  at  one  small  profit  above  actual  factory  cost.  You  save  fxo  to  $25 

middlemen  s  profits  by  buying  direct  of  us  and  have  the  manufacturer’s  guarantee  behind  your 
bicycle.  DO  NOT  BUY  a  bicycle  or  a  pair  of  tires  from  anyone  at  any  price  until  you  reccivo 
our  catalogues  and  learn  our  unheard  of  factory  prices  and  remarkable  special  offer. 

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under  your  own  name  plate  at  double  our  prices.  Orders  filled  the  day  received. 

SECOND  HAND  BICYCLES — a  limited  number  taken  in  trade  by  our  Chicago  retail  Stores  will 
t>e  closed  out  at  once,  at  $3  to  $8  each.  Descriptive  bargain  list  mailed  free. 

TIRF3-  RRAQTFR  RRAIfC  rear  wheels,  inner  tubes,  lamps,  cyclometers,  parts,  repalrt 
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NOT  WAIT— but  wnte  today  for  our  Large  Catalogue  beautifully  illustrated  and  containing  a  great  fund  of 
interesting  matter  and  useful  information.  It  only  costs  a  postal  to  get  everything.  Write  it  now. 

MEAD  CYCLE  CO.  Dept.  A  80,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 


1911. 


Tx-TE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


«33 


Fixing  Old  Floors. 

When  old  and  poor  floors  and  a  scar¬ 
city  of  dollars  confront  the  housewife, 
patience  and  labor  added  to  a  very  slight 
financial  outlay  for  materials  will  work 
wonderful  improvements.  Whatever 
treatment  is  to  be  given  the  floor,  the 
first  step  is  to  have  it  thoroughly  cleaned 
and  dried.  If  the  boards  are  smooth 
enough  to  permit  using  a  stain  instead 
of  paint,  a  good  one  may  be  had  at  al¬ 
most  no  expense.  Dissolve  an  ounce  of 
permanganate  of  potash  in  a  gallon  of 
water  and,  using  a  brush  or  swab,  give 
the  floor  one,  two  or  three  coats  accord¬ 
ing  to  the  shade  desired.  The  color  will 
be  red  at  first  but  turns  brown  gradu¬ 
ally,  facts  to  be  remembered  when 
working.  After  the  stain  is  on  give  a 
coat  of  burnt  oil,  or  melted  beeswax. 

If  wide  cracks  call  for  filling,  a  cheap 
one  may  be  made  by  tearing  old  papers 
into  bits,  adding  water  and  boiling  to  a 
pulp.  When  soft,  add  two  tablespoon¬ 
fuls  of  gum  arabic  to  each  quart  of  pulp, 
and  simmer  slowly,  stirring  often,  until 
as  thick  as  heavy  cream.  Fill  all  cracks 
solidly  and  make  as  smooth  as  possible. 
Another  good  filler  is  made  by  putting 
sawdust  into  an  earthen  dish  and  pour¬ 
ing  boiling  water  over  it  (stirring  well 
as  the  water  is  poured  on)  and  letting 
stand  for  10  days,  with  a  daily  stirring 
up.  At  the  end  of  the  10  days  boil  the 
mass  until  like  paste,  then  turn  into  a 
bag  and  squeeze  as  dry  as  possible.  This 
part  of  the  work  may  be  done  at  any 
time  and  the  sawdust  allowed  to  dry 
out.  When  the  filler  is  needed  mix  the 
prepared  sawdust  into  some  thin  glue 
until  of  the  consistency  of  cement  and 
pack  into  the  cracks.  If  the  fillers  or 
the  boards  need  sandpapering,  begin 
the  work  with  a  coarse  paper  and  finish 
with  a  finer,  as  it  will  make  the  work 
much  easier. 

For  a  good,  though  cheap,  floor  paint 
that  hardens  quickly,  put  two  ounces  of 
glue  into  a  quart  of  rainwater  and  keep 
warm  until  dissolved,  then  let  cool  and 
add  enough  yellow  ochre  to  bring  to  a 
consistency  that  it  will  spread  like  paint. 
After  the  paint  is  dry  on  the  floor  go 
over  it  with  a  liberal  coat  of  boiled  lin¬ 
seed  oil.  If  a  different  shade  is  wanted, 
burnt  umber  or  other  color  in  powder 
may  be  added  to  tone  down  the  yellow 
of  the  ochre.  These  directions  are  for 
the  housewife  to  whom  economy  is  the 
all  important  feature,  but  the  results 
will  be  such  as  to  pay  for  the  time  and 
labor  expended — especially  on  poor 
kitchen  and  pantry  floors.  It  should 
be  remembered,  however,  that  stained 
and  painted  floors  should  be  cleaned 
with  cold  water  and  occasionally  wiped 
over  with  an  oiled  cloth. 

Where  a  floor  is  too  rough  for  any 
such  treatment  as  described,  a  very 
satisfactory  result  has  been  obtained 
by  laying  discarded  oilcloth  or  odds 
and  ends  of  pieces,  face  down,  and  paint¬ 
ing  the  backs.  Most  oilcloths  have  the 
red-brown  back  that  is  very  nearly 
the  same  shade  and  sometimes  can  be 
used  for  a  border  where  a  rug  is  to  be 
used  without  any  preparation,  but  will 
last  much  longer  if  painted  and  oiled. 
If  evenly  cut  and  matched  and  fastened 
down  with  the  double  tacks  (like  tiny 
staples),  this  method  of  work  will 
utilize  all  odds  and  ends  of  oilcloth  that 
may  be  on  hand  and  save  the  work  of 
filling  cracks  or  otherwise  preparing  the 
floor.  EVA  RYMAN-GAILLARD. 


We  say  that  we  “make  up  our  minds” 
to  do  a  certain  thing  or  not  to  do  it,  to 
resist  a  certain  temptation  or  to  yield  to 
it.  It  is  true.  We  “make  up  our  minds” 
in  a  deeper  sense  than  we  remember.  In 
every  case  the  ultimate  decision  is  be¬ 
tween  two  future  selves,  one  with  whom 
the  virtue  is  harmonious,  another  with 
whom  the  vice  is  consistent.  To  one  of 
these  two  figures,  dimly  concealed  be¬ 
hind  the  action,  we  move  forward.  What 
we  forget  is  that,  when  the  forward  step 
is  taken,  the  shadow  will  be  myself. 
Character  is  eternal  destiny. — Henry  Van 
Dyke. 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  patterns  and  measurements 
desired. 

The  first  group  includes  6983,  blouse  or 
shirt  waist  for  misses  or  small  women. 
14,  16  and  18  years.  3)4  yards  of  ma¬ 
terial  27  inches  wide,  2  yards  36,  1 24 
yards  44,  for  16  year  size.  6988,  fancy 
blouse  with  sailor  collar.  34  to  40  bust. 
4  yards  of  material  27  inches  wide,  3% 
yards  36,  224  yards  44  inches  wide  for 
medium  size.  6993,  girl’s  dress  with 
straight  gathered  skirt  10,  12  and  14 
years  5%  yards  of  material  27  inches 
wide,  4 24  yards  36  inches  wide,  3% 
yards  44,  20  yards  of  insertion,  4  yards 
of  edging,  for  12  year  size.  6982,  six- 


gored  skirt  22  to  32  waist  5)4  yards  of 
material  27  inches  wide,  3)4  yards  36, 
2 34  yards  44  or  52,  width  of  skirt  at 
lower  edge,  2)4  yards,  for  medium  size. 
6709,  boy’s  middy  blouse,  6  to  12  years 
224  yards  of  material  27  inches  wide,  2)4 
yards  36,  1  §4  yards  44,  1  yard  27  for 
collar,  cuffs  and  tie,  for  10  year  size; 
price  of  each  10  cents. 

The  second  group  shows  6904,  tucked 


over-blouse,  34  to  42  bust.  2)4  yards  of 
material  27  inches  wide,  124  yards  36,  1)4 
yards  44,  )4  yard  27  inches  wide  for 
trimming  portions,  for  medium  size. 
6921,  plain  house  jacket,  designed  for 
ribbon  and  insertion.  34  to  42.  8)4 

yards  of  ribbon,  10  yards  of  lace  inser¬ 
tion,  1)4  inches  wide  and  6  yards  of  edg¬ 
ing  to  make  as  illustrated;  3  yards  of 
plain  material  27  inches  wide,  2)4  yards 
36  or  124  yards  44  inches  wide,  for 
medium  size.  6914,  house  dress  with 
four-gored  skirt,  box-plaited  or  gathered 
back.  34  to  42  bust.  7  yards  of  material 
27  inches  wide,  5)4  yards  36,  424  yards 
44,  24  yard  27  for  trimming,  for  medium 
size.  6906,  circular  walking  skirt,  in  one 
or  two  pieces,  with  high  or  natural  waist 
line.  22  to  30  waist.  4  yards  of  ma¬ 
terial  27  inches  wide,  3  yards  44,  224 
yards  52,  width  of  skirt  at  lower  edge 


224  yards  for  medium  size.  6923,  single 
button  coat  for  misses  and  small  wo¬ 
men,  14,  16  and  18  years.  324  yards  of 
material  27  inches  wide,  2)4  yards  44, 
124  yards  52,  for  16  year  size;  price  of 
each  10  cents. 

Hulled  Corn. 

I  enjoy  the  household  part  and  the  ques¬ 
tions  and  answers,  so  am  going  to  ask  for 
help.  I  would  like  information  about  mak¬ 
ing  hulled  corn.  Can  you  help  me? 

MRS.  O.  L.  C. 

New  England  taste  demands  a  well- 
ripened  white  flint  corn  for  hulling; 
other  sections  prefer  yellow,  but  it  is  al¬ 
ways  flint  corn.  Babbitt’s  potash  is  used 
to  remove  the  hulls,  the  proportion  being 
one  full  pound  to  a  bushel  of  corn.  Of 
course,  when  preparing  corn  for  home 
use,  the  same  proportion  would  be  ob¬ 
served  in  smaller  quantities.  An  iron  ket¬ 
tle  half  filled  with  water  is  put  on  the 
stove,  the  potash  added  when  the  water 
warms,  and  the  corn  put  in  when  it  comes 
to  a  boil.  In  about  an  hour  the  starch 
will  come  out  of  the  corn,  thickening 
the  lye.  The  corn  must  be  well  stirred 
from  the  bottom,  to  avoid  burning,  and 
the  kettle  kept  back  on  the  stove,  so  the 
corn  will  simmer  without  boiling  hard. 
After  the  first  hour  the  corn  must  be 
dipped  out  and  tested  in  cold  water,  to 
see  if  the  hulls  slip.  If  left  in  the  potash 
too  long  it  becomes  dark  and  sodden;  if 
too  short,  it  cannot  be  cooked  tender. 
About  1)4  to  two  hours  is  the  usual 
time.  The  corn  is  then  washed  in  clear 
water.  When  made  in  large  quantities  a 
clean,  new  broom,  with  about  six 
inches  of  the  straw  cut  off,  is  used  to  rub 
off  the  hulls;  a  stiff  whisk  would  answer 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal."  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


HOUSE  GOWNS 


The  correct 
S^3=material  for  cotton 
1  u  house  gowns  is 
»  j  '  ./universally  con- 
V/|  ceded  to  be  the 
l]4  high  quality,  al¬ 
ii' 


ways  dependable 


(Fifty  Year*  the  Standard !) 

Each  design  is  a  clever 
artistic  creation  so  fascina¬ 
ting  to  women  of  taste  — 
there’s  a  pattern  to  suit 
every  occasion  and  every 
taste  in  bright,  strong,  as 
well  as  refined  tints.  It  is 
the  percale  that  won’t  fade 
nor  wash  out,  because  fifty 
yearsof  Pacific  quality  goes 
into  every  yard. 

„The  Pacific  Mills 

trade  mark  vj|My  on  every 
piece  of  the  genuine 

Refuse  the  imitations,  for 
(ioc  and  up  a  yard.) 

If  your  dealer  doesn’t  carry  Pacific  Percales, 
write  us  for  free  samples  and  list  of  rei.alers 
who  will  supply  you. 

PACIFIC  MILLS  -  BOSTON,  MASS. 


guarantees  this, 
they  disappoint. 


CLOTH 

FROM 

THE 

MILL 


Best  Values  in  Woolen  ami  Worsted 
Cloths  tor  Men’s,  Women’s,  and  Chil¬ 
dren's  Wear.  lUIIKCT  FROM  Till.  MILL 
AT  MILL  PRICES.  Est.  1862.  Always  reli¬ 
able.  Satisfied  customers  ever,'  where. 
Suitings,  Skirtings,  Trouserings.  Dress 
Goods,  Etc,,  Wasli  Goods  and  Linings. 
SAMPLES  FREE.  State  garment 
planned,  color  preferred.  RIDGEWOOD 
MILLS,  No.  671  Main  St.,  Holyoke,  Mass. 


SAVE  HALF  Your 
Paint  Bills 


the  same  purpose  with  small  quantities. 
A  quantity  of  water  will  be  used  during 
this  scrubbing,  the  hulls  being  poured 


By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT  —  proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 
Only  Paint  endorsed  by  the  “Grange.” 
Made  in  all  colors, — for  all  purposes. 


off  with  the  water.  Put  the  corn  on  to 
boil  in  clear  water;  when  it  reaches  the 
boiling  point  draw  it  back,  so  that  it  may 
simmer.  It  should  not  be  stirred,  as  this 
makes  it  mushy.  It  requires  long,  slow 
simmering;  when  sufficiently  cooked  it 
may  be  salted  to  taste,  and  drained  in  a 
colander.  When  served  it  is  either  eaten 
with  milk,  or  warmed  up  with  butter  in  a 
frying  pan,  and  served  like  a  vegetable. 
In  the  Summer  hulled  corn  would  fer¬ 
ment  very  quickly,  so  its  manufacture 
takes  place  only  after  hard  freezing  has 
started  in  the  Fall. 

Hulled  corn  may  also  be  prepared  as 
follows:  Wash  two  quarts  of  shelled 
corn  to  remove  loose  bits ;  then  place  in 
a  large  iron  kettle  with  two  heaping  table¬ 
spoons  of  saleratus,  cover  with  cold 
water,  let  come  to  a  boil  slowly  and 
cook  about  an  hour.  Remove  the  kettle 
from  fire,  drain  off  the  water,  then  pour 
the  corn,  from  which  the  hulls  will  al¬ 
ready  be  loosened,  into  a  large  pan  of 
water.  Rub  the  corn  between  the  hands 
to  loosen  the  hulls ;  after  taking  off  all 
those  partly  loosened  put  it  on  again  in 
warm  water,  let  boil  about  half  an  hour, 
then  try  to  remove  the  rest  of  the  hulls 
by  rubbing  as  before.  After  all  hulls  are 
removed,  wash  the  corn  in  at  least  half  a 
dozen  clear  waters,-  then  put  on  once 
more  in  warm  water,  and  when  it  boils 
drain  and  add  fresh  water.  Let  the  corn 
cook  in  this  last  water  until  tender,  salt¬ 
ing  to  taste.  If  the  hulls  do  not  come  off 
readily  let  the  corn  boil  an  hour  longer, 
adding  a  teaspoon  more  saleratus. 


DELIVERED  FREE. 

From  the  Mill  Direct  to  You  at  Factory  Prices. 

INGERSOLL  PAINT  BOOK  — FREE 

Tolls  nil  about  Paint  and  Painting  for  Durability. 
How  to  avoid  trouble  and  expense  caused  by  paint* 
fading,  chalking  and  peeling.  Valuable  information 
free  to  you.  with  Sample  Color  Cards.  Write  me.  DO 
IT  NOW.  I  can  «ave  you  money. 

0.  W.  Ingersoll,  246  Plymouth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 


Direct  from  Factory,  Freight  Prepaid 
and  Guaranteed  by  the  Manufacturer 

You  can  buy  a  Gold  Coin  Stove  from  us  to 
#20  less  than  dealer’s 
prices.  We  pay  freight; 
safe  delivery  insured, 
pol  ished  and  alJ  ready 
to  set  up. 

‘‘Satisfaction  or  your 
money  back  any  time 
within  1  year” 
is  our  written 
guaranty. 

Ereo  Catalog 
— / llus  t  rates 
all  our  Storm. 
Gives  Pr ice 
List  and  tells  our 
P Ian  and  Offer. 
Send  for  it. 

Gold  Coin  Sfove  Co. 

?  Oak  St.  Troy.  I1.  Y. 


Electric  Lights  make  the  brightest,  safest, 
cleanest  and  most  reliable  lighting  system 
known  for  farms  and  country  homes,  i  The 
Dayton  Electric  Lighting  Outfits  are  low  in 
cost,  easy  to  install,  cost  almost  nothing  to 
operate.  Give  you  better  lights  than  most  city 
people  enjoy.  Write  today  for  complete  illus¬ 
trated  catalog  showing  outfits,  fixtures,  etc. 

DAYTON  ELECTRICAL  MFG.  CO. 
231  8t.  Clair  Street  Dayton,  Ohio 


The  Greatest  Home  Comfort 


does  not  come  from  wealth  or  large  income.  It  comes  from 
having  the  home  evenly,  cleanly  and  economically  heated. 
I  he  proper  kind  of  a  furnace  costs  less  than  stoves  or  grates. 

XXth  CENTURY  FURNACE 

is  used  and  praised  so  universally  by  so  many  thousand  home 
owners  everywhere— in  every  climate.  It  is  made  right,  it 
has  the  only  sensible  and  Economic  Fire  Pot  over  made.  It 
burns  all  kinds  of  fuel — even  cheap  grades  of  soft  coal,  slack, 
etc.,  with  perfect  combustion  and  yields  one-third  more  heat 
at  one-third  less  cost  than  any  other  made. 

The  Cheapest  Heat  for  Any  Home — Country  or  City 

and  yet  clean,  healthful.  No  work,  no  repairs;  sanitary 
ideal.  Write  us,  giving  a  sketch  or  plan  of  your  house,  in¬ 
dicating  the  number  of  rooms  to  be  heated,  and  let  us  tell 
yon  how  you  can  get  a  XXth  CENTURY  FURNACE,  and 
try  it  on  our  Common-Sense  Guarantee  Plan.  Ask  for  our 
little  booklet  on  the  Homes,  No.  19. 

The  XXth  Century  Heating  &  Ventilating  Go. 

citron,  OHio. 


034 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


May  27, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

STANDS  UP  FOR  THE  HACKNEY  HORSE. 

On  page  530  J.  Grant  Morse,  in  one 
of  his  horse  deal  articles,  goes  after  the 
English  Hackney  in  a  way  that  is  not 
becoming  to  a  horseman  in  any  sense 
of  the  word.  I  have  the  use  of  an  Eng¬ 
lish  Thoroughbred  mare  to  work  and 
drive.  I  am  a  farmer  and  I  believe 
that  farmers  ought  to  raise  good  colts 
whenever  they  have  the  chance.  I  wrote 
Prof.  H.  H.  Wing,  of  the  Animal  Hus¬ 
bandry  Department  at  New  York  State 
Agricultural  College,  asking  him  if  I 
should  use  a  draft  breed  sire  on  this 
mare,  or  one  of  the  Coach  breeds  She 
is  a  sound  mare  and  weighs  1100  pounds 
in  working  flesh.  Prof.  Wing  answered 
me  by  saying  that  if  I  did  not  want  a 
colt  all  body  and  no  legs  or  all  legs 
and  no  body,  I  would  better  not  use  a 
draft  horse  on  her.  He  advised  me  to 
use  an  English  Hackney.  I  did  so,  and 
the  colt  at  two  years  and  10  months 
weighs  1000  pounds,  stands  15.2,  and  has 
the  best  chest  I  ever  saw  on  a  colt  of 
that  age;  in  fact  is  put  up  to  stay  in 
every  way.  She  is  a  light  chestnut,  has 
one  of  the  best  dispositions  that  a  horse 
could  have,  and  is  not  afraid  of  any¬ 
thing.  The  one  great  feature  about  this 
colt  is  her  “underpinning.”  Her  feet 
and  legs  are  perfect.  Farmers  as  well 
as  other  classes  of  people  like  a  good 
looking,  active  carriage  horse,  and  this 
type  of  horse  is  one  that  when  the  work 
is  rushing  can  place  its  shoulders 
against  the  collar  and  work.  There  is  a 
big  demand  for  such  horses  in  the  East. 
I  know  of  two  English  Hackney  stal¬ 
lions  (one  at  the  College  of  Agriculture, 
Corned  University,  and  the  other  owned 
at  Whitneys  Point,  N.  Y.,)  that  are 
turning  away  mares  every  year,  and  the 
colts  are  to  be  numbered  among  the  best 
in  York  State.  None  of  them  weighs 
less  than  1100  pounds  at  three  and  four 
years  old.  We  cannot  use  draft  horses 
in  all  lines  of  business.  They  are  all 
right  and  due  respect  should  be  shown 
them  in  their  place,  namely,  to  walk  and 
work.  I  don't  want  to  be  understood 
as  knocking  on  them  in  the  least,  but  I 
do  want  to  be  understood  as  having  very 
little  use  for  a  man  who  will  openly 
condemn  as  fine  a  breed  of  horses  as 
the  English  Hackneys.  They  are  un¬ 
usually  sound.  In  examinations  made 
in  England  at  the  horse  shows  more 
than  20  stallions  at  one  show,  four  and 
16  years,  were  pronounced  absolutely 
sound.  In  Prof.  Plumb’s  book  we  find 
the  following:  In  1896  in  England  396 
Hackneys  were  examined  and  only  17 
of  them  were  found  unsound;  in  1897, 
438  examined  and  23  rejected;  in  1898, 
436  examined,  21  rejected;  in  1903,  422 
examined,  21  rejected;  in  1904,  416  ex¬ 
amined,  24  rejected.  The  highest  per 
cent  rejected  was  but  5.76,  which  is  cer¬ 
tainly  good,  and  in  their  favor  ex¬ 
tremely.  In  the  average  trotting-bred 
horses  judged  in  this  country,  generally 
one  out  of  five  is  found  unsound.  I 
think  this  is  not  putting  it  too  strong. 
So  if  we  are  to  have  some  light  horses 
(i.  e.,  around  1000  to  1200  pounds,)  why 
not  have  a  blocky  well  put  up  horse  as 
well  as  one  that  is  going  to  spavin  the 
first  time  he  sees  a  woodchuck  hole  to 
step  into?  I  believe  in  being  partial  to 
all  the  good  breeds,  and  a  farmer  can¬ 
not  make  any  more  clean  money  or  any 
easier  in  the  same  length  of  time  than 
to  raise  colts  from  any  of  them  that 
happen  to  be  in  his  hands. 

JAY  F.  HAMMOND. 

Tompkins  Co.,  N.  Y. 


AN  EXPERIENCE  WITH  HOGS. 

I  note  the  paragraph  in  regard  to  the 
proposition  to  match  the  brood  sow 
against  the  cow  or  the  hens.  I  have 
always  kept  a  few  hogs  and  gen¬ 
erally  a  brood  sow  or  two,  and 
quite  a  good  many  years  ago  we 
became  convinced  that  we  liked  the 


Berkshires  best  for  pork.  As  an  ad¬ 
mirer  of  all  farm  animals,  of  course  I 
like  a  purebred  better  than  a  scrub,  so 
I  tried  breeding  the  pure  Berkshires. 
But  I  have  had  very  indifferent  success. 
As  a  general  thing  I  have  found  the 
Berkshires  to  be  rather  shy  breeders, 
although  I  have  sometimes  secured  a 
good  sow.  Two  years  ago  I  thought 
that  I  had  at  last  got  a  nice  start,  as  I 
had  three  purebred  sows,  the  older 
one  an  excellent  breeder,  and  her  two 
daughters  very  promising.  I  bought  a 
young  boar  from  one  of  the  most  prom¬ 
inent  breeders  of  the  State,  with  the 
assurance  that  I  was  getting  a  nice  pig, 
but  with  a  little  white  in  the  wrong 
place.  But  when  the  pig  came  he  was 
a  crippled  runt,  and  although  he  had 
the  run  of  the  orchard,  lots  of  skim- 
milk  and  good  care  generally,  he  never 
became  of  any  use,  and  I  lost  the  use 
of  my  three  sows  for  the  year.  All  that 
I  got  from  the  prominent  breeder  was 
the  paper  pedigree  and  the  knowledge 
that  some  breeders  prefer  to  spend  much 
money  for  advertisements  rather  than 
to  spend  it  for  feed  and  care.  I  had 
one  white  sow,  half  Berkshire  and  half 
Yorkshire,  which  I  took  away  to  breed, 
and  I  got  20  pigs  from  her  in  two  lit¬ 
ters.  I  did  not  consider  them  as  good 
as  20  Berkshires,  but  they  were  about 
$75  better  than  none.  At  first  I  was  so 
disgusted  that  I  thought  I  would  quit 
trying  to  raise  the  Berkshires  and  keep 
just  “pigs,”  but  I  considered  that  the 
breed  was  not  to  blame  for  the  breeders, 
so  I  have  recently  sent  away  for  an¬ 
other  boar.  He  arrived  yesterday  in 
good  shape,  and  is  a  splendid  pig,  fully 
equal  to  the  description  from  which  I 
ordered  him.  I  shall  keep  the  half- 
blood  sow  as  well  as  the  purebreds, 
and  if  she  beats  them,  why,  I  shall  con¬ 
sider  her  the  best  pig. 

J.  GRANT  MORSE. 

R.  N.-Y. — Some  years  ago  in  Ohio  we 
heard  a  discussion  between  a  hog  man 
near  the  Ohio  River  and  a  dairyman 
from  Lake  Erie.  The  hog  man  claimed 
that  he  could  take  the  dairyman’s  own 
figures  and  prove  that  one  of  his  good 
sows  gave  a  larger  yearly  profit  thaq 
the  northern  Ohio  cow  with  less  than 
half  the  labor.  We  thought  the  Ohio 
River  man  had  the  better  of  the  argu¬ 
ment,  but  the  dairyman  did  not  live  in 
“a  hog  country,”  and  was  not  convinced. 
We  are  planning  a  “contest”  for  another 
year  which  will  include  all  kinds  of  live 
stock.  In  brief,  our  suggestion  is  that 
farmers  who  want  to  enter  their  favorite 
animals  agree  to  put  $100  of  value  into 
hens,  cows,  sheep  or  hogs.  They  are  to 
feed  these  animals  for  one  year  and 
keep  accurate  account  of  expense  and 
income — the  point  being  to  see  which  in¬ 
vestment  of  $100  will  give  best  returns. 


The  Importance  of 
Cooling  Milk  Properly 

is  recognized  by  every  milk  dealer.  Heknowsthat 
if  milk  is  cooled  quickly  and  thoroughly  aerated, 
it  will  keen  sweet  24  to  -is  hours  longer.  The 

"Bestov” 

Milk  Cooler 

willcoolmilkto  within 
two  degrees  of  water 
temperature,  absolute¬ 
ly  removing  every  par¬ 
ticle  of  odor.  It  is  well 
made  and  durable,  and 
very  reasonable  in 
price*  Send  for  cata- 
logueH.,  describing  a 
complete  line  of  sup¬ 
plies  for  the  dairy. 

Dairymens  Supply  Co. 

PHILADELPHIA  AND 
UNSD0WNE,  Pft, 


The  Sterilac 

Milk 
Pail 


It  Keeps 
Milk 
Sweet 

The  only  pail  that  keeps 
dirt  out  of  the  milk  at  milking:  time.  Test 
it  and  prove  it. 

10  Days  Free  Trial 

to  prove  to  you  that  it’s  the  best  tiling  in  the  milk 
pail  line  you  ever  saw.  Simply  ship  it  back  if  you 
don’t  like  it.  We’ll  pay  express  both  ways.  No 
other  milk  pail  ever  made  like  it.  Look  at  this  pic¬ 
ture.  There  is  a  separate  shelf  for  a  dirt  catcher. 
Not  a  particle  of  dust,  hair  or  tilth  can  get  into  the 
milk.  Dirt  is  kept  dry  and  thrown  out,  not  wet  and 
allowed  to  “trickle”  into  themllkto  taint  itandmake 
it  sour  quickly.  That  explains  why  Disapproved  by 
all  dairymen,  doctors  and  pure  milk  officers.  Made 
extra  strong.  Right  pattern  for  easy  washing  and 
handling  milk.  Price  $-2.50.  Ask  your  dealer.  If 
lie  hasn’t  it  we  will  send  trial  pail  prepaid.  See  how 
it  will  build  up  your  reputation  for  pure  milk, 

STERILAC  COMPANY,  5  Merchants  Raw,  Boston,  Mass. 


FREE  TRIAL 

SHARPLES 

Tubular  Cream  Separator 
Without  Freight, 
Expense  or  Responsibility 

Tell  us  you  want  to  try  the  Tubular— The 
World’s  Best  — free.  The  Tubular  will  be 
delivered  at  your  home,  free.  Set  up,  started, 
1  eft  with  you  for  thorough,  free  trial. 

You  pay  no  freight — pay  nothing;  in  advance 
— g’o  to  no  expense,  trouble  or  responsibility. 
Satisfy  yourself  that  Dairy  Tubulars  have  no 
disks  or  other  contraptions,  produce  twice  the 
skimming'  force  of  others,  skim 
faster  and  twice  as  clean. 

Farmers,  everywhere,  are  trying 
Tubulars.  Those  who  try,  buy. 

Tubulars  repeatedly  pay  for  them¬ 
selves  by  saving  what  others  lose.  So 
easy  to  wash. 

Rapidly  replacing! 
all  others. 

When  the  Tubu¬ 
lar  lasts  a  lifetime 
and  is  guaranteed 
forever  by  Amer¬ 
ica’s  oldest  and 
world’s  biggest/ 
separatorcon- 
cern,  how  f 
can  you  af¬ 
ford  the  ex¬ 
pense  of  any 
“mailorder.’* 
or  other  (sir 
called)  cheap 
machine  that  lasts  but  one  year  on  the  average? 

Other  separators  taken  in  part  payment  for  new 
Tubulars. 

Write  for 
free  trial 
and  catalog 
No.  153 

THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO.. 

WEST  CHESTER.  PA. 

Chicago,  Ill.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Portland,  Ora. 

Toronto,  Can.  Winnipeg,  Can. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


MAY  OFFERING 

of  Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford,  Conn.: 
Fantim’s  Zac  Taylor,  head  of  our  Guernsey  herd, 
is  offered  for  sale  to  avoid  inbreeding;  as  fine  an 
animal  as  stands  in  U.  S.;  guaranteed  perfect  in 
every  respect.  Also  one  Yearling  Guernsey  Bull 
sired  by  above-named  bull  and  from  a  dam  produc¬ 
ing  42  44  pounds  of  milk  per  day,  testing  5. 4-5.6. 
Three  Registered  Berkshire  Boars,  models  of  per¬ 
fection  iu  form  and  points,  weighing  from  175  to  200 
pounds  each;  seven  months  old.  Four  unregistered 
but  full-blooded  O.  W.  Boars,  14  months  old;  all 
magnificent  animals;  must  be  sold  to  make  room. 
Guaranteed  Tuttle  Strain  8.  and  D.  C.  R.  1.  R.  Eggs 
for  hatching,  $1.00  per  15;  $5,00  per  100.  Imperial 
Pekin  Duck  Eggs,  $1.00  xrerll;  $7.00  per  100.  Two 
Registered  Jersey  Bull  Calves,  four  to  five  months 
old,  from  heavy  producing  stock  and  Fogis  blood. 

BULLS  FOR  SALE 

We  offer  for  sale  at  our  farm  at  Earl- 
viile,  Madison  County,  New  York: — 

One  Registered  Guernsey  Bull,  ago  1  year,  7  mos. 
One  Registered  Brown  Swiss  Bull,  age  1  year, 3 mos, 
One  Registered  Brown  SwissBull,ago3years,9mos. 
Address: 

BORDEN’S  CONDENSED  MILK  CO. 
Earlville,  Madison  County,  New  York 

W.  C.  Young,  Supt. 

IffBi  HOLSTEINS 

aro  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  liord  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females, 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somerville,  N.  J. 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated.  Descriptive  Booklets  Dree 
HOLSTEIN-FRIESI AN  ASS’N  OF  AMERICA 
F.  L.  HOUGHTON. SEC' Y,  BOX  1 05,  BRATTLEBORO.VT. 


ALLAMUCHY  FARM  HOLSTEINS 

We  offer  well  bred  bull  calves  out  of  A.  R.  O. 
dams  at  reasonable  prices.  Send  for  list  before 
placing  your  order.  ALLAMUCHY’,  N.  J. 


Registered  Holstein  Bulls 

bulls  from  one  month  to  18  months  of  age.  Best  A. 
R.  O.  breeding  and  individuality.  State  your  wauts. 

JARVIS  liltOS.  ....  Elycreek,  N.  Y. 

Robinson’s  HOLSTEINS  are  Producers 

They  are  Tuberculin  Tested.  Forty  just  fresh  and 
that  will  freshen  in  the  next  two  months,  with 
milk  records  from  8,000  to  12,000  lbs.  in  the  last 
year.  V.  11.  ROBINSON.  Edmeston,  N.  Y. 

CHOICE  STOCK  OF  EITHER  SEX 

at  SPRINGDALE  FARM 
Prices  reasonable 

E.  J.  ADAMS,  Adams  Basin,  N.  Y- 


RED 

POLLED 

CATTLE 


AT  LAUREL  FARM 

we  have  on  band  some  half-dozen  sons  of  Fern’s 
Jubilee,  73852,  A.  J.  C.  C.,  from  ten  months  down 
to  a  few  days  old.  All  out  of  good  cows.  Discount 
price  for  next  thirty  days. 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N,  Y. 

Millr  Prndirrnro  for  Now  York  City  market 
lullIV  riUUUGClN  desiring  information  how  to 
form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 


Big  “Champion”  Cooler 

Butsay— are  you  getting  them.  The 
I  lUIlIa  big  milk  and  butter  prices  that 
thousands  are  getting  who  are 
using  the  Champion  Milk  Cooler?  If  not,  tell 
us  you  want  to  try  a  “Champion”  free  tor  30 
days.  You  hurry  and  buy  when  you  hear 
low  price.  Postcard  brings  free  booklets 
that  explain  everything,  and  please 
send  that  postcard  NOW. 

Champion  Milk  Cooler  Co. 

1  Ith  Sr.,  Cortuno,  New  York 

ilk  Fever  Outfits. 

DEHORN EftS,  Teat  Syphons,  Slitters, 

Dilators,  etc.  Received  only  award 
World’s  Fairs  Chicago  and  St.  Louis. 

Write  for  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

HAUSSMANN  &  DUNN  CO. 

708  South  Clark  Street,  Chicago,  IU. 


wf~‘ 

YOUNG  MEN  WANTED  to  learn 

VETERINARY  profession.  Catalogue 
free.  Grand  Rapids  Veterinary 
College,  Dep.15,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

HORSES 

ERGHERON 

STALLIONS  and  MARES 

Imported  and  home-bred.  The  best  lot  ever 
shown  in  this  country.  Qunllty,  price,  guarantee  right. 
For  30  years  an  importer  and  breeder  of  prize  winners. 

LWOOD  S.  AKIN 

Auburn,  N.  Y. 


E 

170  South  Street, 


Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
at  farmers'  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O. 


SWI3NTE 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  aud  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


REGISTERED  BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

From  Son  of  Berryton  Duke,  Jr.,  77341,  and 
well  bred  Sows. 

JERSEY  BULLS  ALL  SOLD.  SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED. 

CHAS.  B.  DAYTON,  Supt. 
Sheldoncroft,  ■  •  Silver  Lake,  Pa. 

Reg,  P.  Chinas,  Berkshires,  C.  Whites. 

Fine,  large  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 
Pups,  Beagles  and  Foul  try.  Write  for 
prices  &  circulars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Ercildoun  Pa. 


SPR9NGBANK  BERKSHIRES. 


The  only 
Prize  Herd 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Havel  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will'book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Pioorietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 

LARGE  BERKSHIRES 

Not  tlie  choapest,  but  the  host.  Special  offering  of 
Spring  pigs,  single  or  mated,  for  breeding.  Cata¬ 
logue  on  application. 

WILLOUGHBY  FARM,  Gettysburgli,  Pa. 

I  ARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD-Special  Offering 

L  of  Service  Boars.  Good  useful  Boars,  $30  to  $40. 
Fancy  Boars  for  the  breeder  and  exhibitor,  $50  and 
up.  They  should  develop  into  800-pouml  boars  at 
maturity,  H.  C.  &  H.  B.  HARPENDING,  Dundee,  N.  Y. 

LARGE  ENGLISH  YORKSHIRES. 

Last  Fall  Pigs  from  Prize  Winning,  Registered 
Stock,  for  sale  at  reasonable  prices. 

CHAS.  W.  SWITZER  -  -  SOUTH  EUCLID,  OHIO. 

CTERLING  BILL  PARMS— CHESHIRE 
SWINE— Orders  booked  for  Spring  Pigs  reg¬ 
istered  stock  and  grades;  large  litters  and  best  of 
breeding.  Bigelow  &  Swain,  Ogdensburg,  Sussex  Co.,  N.J. 

LARGE  YORKSRIRE  PIGS  ST“\"°™GHS 


Boars  ready  for  service  May 


S1.00  EACH 


15, 1911,  Chas.  H.  Emens,  Spring  Hill  Farm,  Binghamton,  N.Y. 

Phoefoi’  Whiffle  Enquiries  promptly  answered, 
ullcolcl  iV llllco  Eugene  T.  Black,  Scio,  N.  Y. 

SHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  Ifl.  BARNES.  Oxford.  N.  Y. 

DUROC  PIGS,  $8.  White  Buff  Rocks  and  Leghorn 
eggs,  $2.  Serene  Wicks,  DeGraff,  Ohio. 


DOGS 


pm  |  |C  PIIPQ— From  imported  stock.  Females 

bULLlL  rUlOeheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City.  Pa'. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


7 II  ro  If  a  Qfnnlr  Farm- Registered  Jersey  Bulls 
-UICnQ  OlUun  rflllll  and  Heifers,  C  months  to  2 
years  old.  Chester  White,  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  Pups  and  a  variety 
of  poultry.  Send  two-cent  stamp  for  circular. 

EDWARD  WALTER,  West  Chester,  Pa. 

Breed  Up— Not  DownToTrc.“”a,S'S 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  K.  F. 
SHANNON,  9U7  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Write  for  Free  Booklet 

"How  to  Raise  Calves  Cheaply  and  Successfully  Without  Milk' 

Contains  full  information  and  complete  feeding  directions  for  using 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meed — The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute 

Three  or  four  calves  can  be  raised  on  it  at  the  cost  of  one  where  milk  is  fed.  , 
jNo  mill  feed  The  only  calf  meal  manufactured  in  an  exclusive  Calf  Meal  Factory 
Established  at  Leicester,  England,  in  1 80CL 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory,  Waukegan,  Ill. 


1G 11. 


THIS  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


636 


PASTURING  OR  SOILING  CATTLE. 

I  have  a  field  of  Red  clover  and  a  bunch 
of  cattle,  so  please  advise  me  which,  in 
your  opinion,  from  a  financial  standpoint, 
is  the  better,  to  pasture  or  cut  and  haul 
out  each  day  as  much  as  the  cattle  will 
cat.  i.  J.  b. 

Kentucky. 

I  do  not  understand  whether  the  cat¬ 
tle  are  only  to  have  the  clever  while  it 
lasts,  or  whether  it  is  only  to  be  used 
as  a  partial  soiling.  If  the  former,  the 
question  of  labor  must  be  made  sure 
before  the  work  is  undertaken,  and  then 
the  condition  of  the  clover  as  to  the 
amount  of  nutriment  it  contains,  whether 
enough  solids  for  the  cattle  to  thrive  on 
it.  As  to  the  cost,  the  reader  can  tell 
better  than  anyone  else,  because  he  is 
on  the  ground  and  knows  the  circum¬ 
stances.  However,  the  clover  need  not 
be  cut  every  day,  as  a  sufficient  amount 
can  be  cut  at  one  time  to  last  a  day 
or  two,  and  be  hauled  as  needed.  When 
soiling  is  undertaken  for  a  season,  sev¬ 
eral  crops  should  be  used,  each  in  its 
season ;  such  as  rye,  wheat,  oats,  clover, 
vetch,  sorghum  and  others.  Under  these 
conditions  properly  sustained  one-half 
the  land  will  furnish  the  crops,  and  ex¬ 
periments  show  that  the  soiled  cattle  do 
better,  gain  in  flesh,  while  those  on  pas¬ 
ture  lose.  A  partial  soiling  is  often  a 
profitable  undertaking,  as  by  that  means 
they  can  be  kept  in  shade  or  shelter  dur¬ 
ing  the  day,  away  from  extreme  heat 
and  flies.  A  neighbor  to  the  writer  a 
few  years  ago  had  two  cars  of  cattle  to 
finish  during  the  Summer.  He  only  had 
40  acres  of  pasture,  mostly  Blue  grass. 
Under  the  most  favorable  conditions 
this  could  not  have  been  expected  to 
carry  them  even  in  addition  to  their 
corn  ration.  Aside  from  the  pasture  he 
had  11  acres  of  very  fine  Alfalfa  lying 
in  a  long  strip  two  or  three  times  as 
long  as  wide.  Commencing  at  one  end, 
cutting  across,  he  would  cut  down  suffi¬ 
cient  at  a  time  to  last  the  cattle  two  or 
three  days,  hauling  out,  I  think,  once  a 
day  as  needed.  The  hay  was  fed  in 
racks  or  boxes  out  in  the  open.  This 
plan  was  a  very  satisfactory  one.  By 
the  time  the  Alfalfa  was  cut  off  there 
was  a  good  start  at  the  beginning  point 
to  start  again.  During  the  season  so.nr 
of  the  Alfalfa  was  cut  five  times.  When 
partial  soiling  is  desired  doubtless  silage 
would  answer  better  than  anything  else. 
Put  corn  in  the  silo  for  Winter  use,  and 
in  a  large  enough  quantity  to  carry  the 
cattle  during  the  pasture  time,  the  sea¬ 
son  of  flies  and  possible  drought.  By 
this  means  the  pasture  area  can  be  cut 
down  at  a  wonderful  rate.  This  silo 
seems  to  be  attracting  very  much  more 
attention  than  soiling,  the  quantity  of 
feed  that  can  be  grown  on  an  acre  be¬ 
ing  only  limited  by  the  skill  of  the  far¬ 
mer  and  rainfall.:  john  m.  jamison. 


A  YOUNG  SHEPHERD’S  STORY. 

When  I  was  18  my  father  said  it  was 
time  for  me  to  shift  for  myself;  that 
he  wanted  to  see  what  my  schooling 
amounted  to  in  a  practical  way.  We 
were  living  on  a  good  farm,  and  father 
offered  to  pasture  a  good  cow  for  me 
and  give  me  $50  to  start  with.  Some¬ 
how  I  didn’t  want  a  cow,  but  thought  I 
should  like  some  sheep.  I  asked  for  a 
hundred  dollars  to  buy  some  sheep 
with,  but  father  didn’t  favor  the  idea 
and  wouldn’t  give  it  to  me  for  sheep. 
However,  he  loaned  it  to  me,  and  I 
started  out  and  bought  12  grade  Shrop- 
shires  with  it.  It  was  early  Fall  when  I 
purchased  my  sheep,  and  after  caring 
for  them  all  Winter,  had  in  March  not 
only  my  12  sheep,  but  also  16  lambs 
as  well.  May  1  I  sheared  the  sheep  and 
got  on  an  average  $2  worth  of  wool 
from  each.  Soon  after  I  put  the  sheep 
to  pasture,  and  during  the  Summer  did 
nothing  for  them  except  salt  them  once 
a  week.  In  the  Fall  I  sold  the  lambs 
for  $5  apiece.  Lambs  and  wool  netted 
me  $104.  With  this  money  I  paid  off 
half  my  note  to  my  father  and  bought 
six  more  sheep.  The  second  year  I 


made  about  $30  more  than  the  year  be¬ 
fore  on  lambs,  and  on  the  wool  I  made 
about  $10  more.  I  finished  paying  my 
father  and  in  two  years  I  had  18  sheep 
paid  for,  and  from  them  in  that  time  I 
made  a  profit  of  about  $330.  In  all 
that  time  I  had  never  lost  a  lamb,  and 
my  sheep  were  always  in  good  health. 

After  some  study  of  the  problem  I 
evolved  a  simple  system  of  caring  for 
the  sheep  which  has  proved  very  satis¬ 
factory.  Beginning  in  the  Fall  they  are 
turned  into  the  field  to  start  them  gain¬ 
ing  before  they  are  bred.  On  cold 
nights  they  are  put  into  the  barn.  In 
November  I  commence  to  feed  whole 
corn.  When  the  sheep  are  in  the  barn 
for  good,  they  arc  fed  just  what  good 
hay  they  will  eat  up  clean,  and  no 
more,  with  grain  at  night  and  roots  in 
the  morning.  I  found  clover  hay  was 
much  better  than  any  other,  and  that 
coarse  ripe  Timothy  wouldn’t  do  at  alU 
About  a  month  before  lambing  time  I 
begin  to  feed  bran  and  oats  with  roots 
of  some  kind.  Only  a  few  sheep  are 
kept  in  a  pen,  to  prevent  crowding  one 
another;  if  the  lambs  are  weak,  only 
one  in  a  pen.  I  keep  up  the  feed  but 
increase  its  quantity,  and  if  I  want  to 
grow  the  lambs  fast  I  add  cotton-seed 
meal  to  the  feed.  The  rations  for  the 
lambs  are  crushed  oats  and  shorts  fed 
in  a  separate  creep.  When  the  lambs 
are  five  days  old  I  dock  their  tails. 
About  the  first  of  April  I  make  a  prac¬ 
tice  of  shearing  the  sheep,  as  then  they 
can  be  turned  out  to  pasture  early  with¬ 
out  being  troubled  by  the  cold  storms. 
Just  before  turning  out  to  pasture  I  dip 
all  the  sheep  and  lambs  for  ticks  and 
lice.  The  weekly  salting  for  the  Sum¬ 
mer  is  all  the  care  they  need  then. 

One  thing  I  am  very  particular  about 
is  to  keep  the  water  tubs  and  cribs  well 
cleaned.  This  has  to  be  done  daily. 
Then  too,  I  bed  the  sheep  with  clean 
straw  once  a  week  or  oftener.  These 
precautions  are  very  necessary,  as  sheep 
have  an  antipathy  to  dirt  anywhere. 

Maine.  J.  E.  T. 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE. 

Damage  to  pome  fruits  is  reported  from 
the  Pacific  Coast.  It  is  expected  that  apri¬ 
cots  and  peaches  will  be  considerably  high¬ 
er,  and  pears  will  be  affected  to  some 
extent.  Packers  are  slow  about  making 
contracts,  hoping  that  the  damage  may  be 
less  than  anticipated. 

Reeling  .Tunk. — “Give  the  name  of  some 
reliable  dealer  in  old  rubber,  brass,  iron, 
etc.  Tin  pedlers  take  it,  but  they  pay  so 
little  that  I  would  like  to  sell  it  direct.” 

New  York.  j.  t. 

There  may  be  honest  junk  dealers  here 
who  will  receive  shipments  from  outsiders 
and  pay  somewhere  near  what  the  junk  is 
worth,  but  we  have  not  found  any  of  them. 
There  are  plenty  who  will  make  first-class 
promises,  but,  when  the  goods  come,  will 
claim  short  weight  and  poor  quality,  so 
that  the  seller  gets  but  a  fraction  of  their 
value,  if  he  gets  anything.  Where  the 
seller  can  see  the  junk  weighed  and  hold 
4ip  his  end  of  a  wordy  battle  with  the 
dealer,  he  may  get  full  value,  but  not  other¬ 
wise. 

Liverpool,  England,  has  put  an  embargo 
on  grain  shipments  from  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
until  inspection  abuses  alleged  to  exist  at 
that  port  are  done  away  with.  It  is  claimed 
that  No.  3  and  under  has  been  passed  and 
shipped  at  Philadelphia  as  No.  2.  Liver¬ 
pool  is  not  specially  concerned  as  to  where 
the  responsibility  lies,  whether  caused  by 
incompetent  inspection,  pressure  of  ship¬ 
pers,  etc.,  but  is  taking  the  most  effective 
method  of  bringing  about  the  needed  re¬ 
form. 

This  difficulty  is  not  confined  to  Phila¬ 
delphia  or  to  grain  alone.  There  is  a  prev¬ 
alent  disposition  in  business  to  work  off  in¬ 
ferior  grades  of  goods  in  a  way  that  is 
thoroughly  dishonest.  Ruch  practices  are 
excused  as  trade  customs,  and  we  are  told 
that  a  man  cannot  meet  competition  un¬ 
less  he  follows  the  custom.  Perhaps  the 
inferior  goods  will  slide  through  without 
notice.  Hence  part  cotton  goods  are  sold 
for  all  wool ;  hay  bales  are  stuffed ;  cull 
fruit  is  mixed  with  good,  and  good  and  in¬ 
ferior  eggs  ditto ;  seeds  and  nursery  stocjt 
wrongly  labeled ;  poultry  made  to  qualify 
for  show  points  by  means  of  the  scissors 
and  dye  pot ;  nondescript  live  stock  sold  as 
purebred  with  pedigrees  ad  libitum  made 
from  the  seller’s  resourceful  imagination. 
It  is  true  that  dishonest  dealing  is  often 


temporarily  successful,  but  close  observa¬ 
tion  of  it  usually  shows  that  as  a  side  issue 
it  is  constructing  for  its  own  hanging  a 
rope  of  far  better  material  than  the  goods 
it  has  put  into  commerce. 

Spinners  to  Consolidate. — For  about 
three  years  conditions  in  cotton  spinning  in 
this  country  have  not  been  good.  Raw  ma¬ 
terial  has  been  too  high  to  make  yarns 
profitably  on  the  current  price  basis.  It 
might  be  thought  that  the  cost  of  raw  cot¬ 
ton  would  determine  the  price  of  the  fin¬ 
ished  yarns,  but  the  public  has  a  way, 
sometimes,  of  not  buying — of  using  some¬ 
thing  else — when  the  price  of  an  article 
does  not  suit  them,  even  though  they  may 
not  gain  in  the  end  by  it.  Because  of 
trade  conditions  many  yarn  mills  have  been 
running  on  short  time,  resulting  in  idle 
capital  and  operatives.  Among  the  pro¬ 
posed  remedies  is  consolidation  of  a  large 
number  of  mills  into  a  $30,000,000  corpora¬ 
tion.  Details  of  the  plan  are  not  yet  given 
out,  but  it  is  thought  that  interests  repre¬ 
senting  over  500,000  spindles  will  favor 
consolidation,  in  the  hope  of  lessening  man¬ 
ufacturing  and  selling  cost  and  correctly 
forecasting  the  market  demand  both  as  to 
quantity  and  fashion  changes. 

One  effect  of  the  trust  idea  as  applied  to 
manufacturing  is  to  do  away  with  many 
small  plants,  as  one  executive  and  superin¬ 
tending  head  can  handle  the  work  of  sev¬ 
eral  mills  as  well  as  one,  and  other  econ¬ 
omies  in  transportation,  etc.,  can  be  made. 
We  wonder,  however,  whether  the  well  dis¬ 
posed  men  in  such  combinations — well  dis¬ 
posed  so  far  as  their  thought  toward  the 
rest  of  humanity  is  concerned — have  noted 
the  very  close  cause-and-effect  relation  be¬ 
tween  the  problems  of  crowded  city  life, 
the  unwholesome  physical  conditions  and 
warped  and  twisted  mental  and  moral  atti¬ 
tude  of  great  numbers  of  factory  workers 
in  cities,  and  the  dismantling  of  the  small 
country  factory,  where  employees  had  their 
own  homes  and  gardens  and  peaceful  Run- 
days  and  wholesome  social  life.  But  human 
greed  is  great.  Men  put  aside  their  better 
thoughts,  and  hesitate  not  to  break  up  com¬ 
munities  by  taking  away  their  small  fac¬ 
tories,  and  the  workers  must  follow  them 
to  the  cities  or  drop  their  trade  of  a  work¬ 
ing  lifetime.  Of  course  all  country  fac¬ 
tory  communities  are  not  ideal,  and  all  city 
factories  are  not  kingdoms  of  oppression  and 
evil ;  but  those  who  have  seen  much  of 
both  sides  know  that,  from  the  standpoint 
of  human  good  rather  than  vast  wealth,  the 
“preponderance  of  evidence”  favors  the 
country  factory. 

So  we  have  our  “problems  of  the  cities,” 
with  the  "masses”  to  “nplift,”  and  an  in¬ 
heritance  of  ill-born  and  crippled  children 
to  be  care  for  in  homes,  asylums  and  re¬ 
form  schools.  These  institutions  are  well 
supported  by  public  and  private  money  ;  but 
how  much  better  to  make  the  channels  of 
work  more  livable,  and  let  the  workers 
“uplift”  themselves.  The  State  and  Na¬ 
tion  may  well  consider  the  effect  of  alleged 
progress  and  business  economies  in  which 
the  corporate  hand  is  made  dominant,  and 
the  individual  scornfully  brushed  aside.  To 
those  employers  of  labor  who  have  mixed 
the  blood  and  flesh  of  men  with  their  molten 
iron,  who  maim  children’s  hands  with 
ill-supervised  machinery  in  crowded  factor¬ 
ies,  and  pile  grievous  burdens  on  their 
workers,  this  searching  question,  asked 
more  than  2,000  years  ago,  comes  with  in¬ 
sistent  emphasis  :  “What  mean  ye  that  ye 
beat  my  people  to  pieces,  and  grind  the  faces 
of  the  poor?”  w.  w.  h. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


AND  UP 
WARD 


AMERICAN 

SEPARATOR 

This  Offer  Is  No  Catch! 

It  is  a  solid,  fair  and 
s  q  u  a  r  e  proposition  to 
furnish  a  brand  new,  well 
made  and  well  finished 
cream  separator  complete, 
subject  to  a  long  trial  and 
fully  guaranteed,  for 
$15.95.  It  skims  one 
quart  of  milk 
minute,  warm  or 
makes  heavy  or  light 
and  does  it  just  as 

any  higher  priced  machine.  Designed  for  small 
dairies,  hotels,  restaurants  and  private 
families.  Different  from  this  picture,  which 
illustrates  our  large  capacity  machines.  Any 
boy  or  girl  can  run  it.  The  crank  is  orlv  5 
inches  long.  Just  think  of  that!  The  bowl  is 
a  sanitary  marvel,  easily  cleaned,  and  em¬ 
bodies  all  our  latest  improvements.  Gears  run 
in  anti-friction  bearings  and  are  thoroughly 
protected.  Before  you  decide  on  a  cream 
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815.95  proposition.  Our  own  (the  manufac¬ 
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small,  write  us  and  obtain  our  handsome  free 


catalog.  Address, 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO.,  bainMI.n.y, 


Make  All  Kinds  of 
GheeseAt  Home 

Newly  Invented  Complete 
L  Cheese  -  Making  Outfit  Puts 
Every  Farmer  in  the  Cheese 
Business — Big  Profits  Made 
Right  At  Home! 


It  is  no  longer  necessary  for  Farmers  to  buy 
Btore  cheese  at  a  high  price,  or  sell  their  milk  to 
the  Cheese  Trust  at  a  low  price.  A  clever  inven¬ 
tor  has  perfected  a  Complete  Cheese-Making 
Outfit  which  enables  every  Farmer  to  make  either 
a  soft,  rich,  granular,  or  American  Cheddar 
cheese  right  at  home  either  for  hi3  own  con¬ 
sumption  or  for  sale  to  Dealers. 

Outfit  consists  of  the  following}  One  Cheese 
Press,  One  Horizontal  Curd  Knife,  One  Perpen¬ 
dicular  Curd  Knife.  One  Dairy  Thermometer, 
One  Bottle  Rennett  Extract,  One  Bottle  Col¬ 
oring  Matter  and  One  Mold.  This  Complete 
Cheese-Making  Outfit  is  sold  direct  from  factory 
to  farm  at  one  small  profit  over  actual  cost  to 
manufacture.  It  is  simple,  inexpensive,  easily 
operated  and  pays  for  itself  in  a  very  short  time. 

Capacity  of  this  Outfit  is  from  25  to  40  quarts, 
making  a  cheese  weighing  from  eight  to  ten 
pounds.  With  milk  selling  around  80  and  90  cents 
per  hundred,  any  Farmer  can  save  about  one- 
third  of  the  price  he  pays  for  store  cheese,  and 
at  the  same  time  have  an  outlet  for  either  his 
whole  or  skimmed  milk.  This  excellent  home¬ 
made  cheese  sells  readily  to  the  Dealer  at  a  big 
profit,  either  for  cash  or  in  exchange  for  goods. 

This  wonderful  Complete  Cheese-Making  Outfit 
is  manufactured  by  the  Holland  Sporting  Goods 
Mfg.  Co.,  Dept.  E  Holland,  Mich.  Every  Farmer 
should  write  them  for  full  description  of  the  Out¬ 
fit,  prices,  etc.,  and  exact  directions  telling  how 
to  make  cheese  at  a  profit  right  on  the  farm. 


Sharpies  Mechanical  Milker 

Amply  Guaranteed 

Simple  in  Construction  and  Operation 

Uses  One  Size  Teat  Cup  for  All  Cows. 

Will  Save  50%  to  70%  of  Labor  Bill. 

Will  Produce  Cleaner  Milk  Than 
Cleanest  Hand  Milkers. 

Indispensable  for  Dairies  of  Twenty- 
Five  or  More  Cows. 

i 

The  Teat  Cup  With  The  Upward  Squeeze 

insures  rapid,  clean  milking  and  leaves 
the  teats  and  udder  in  a  soft,  pliable, 
natural  and  healthy  condition. 

No-Buyer-Has-Ever-Quit-Its-Use 

Is  Conclusive  Proof  of  Satisfactory  Results. 
Write  for  Catalogue  “E”  to  Sales  Dept. 

DAIRY  SPECIALTY  CO.,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


636 


W'HFC  RURAL)  NKW-YORKER 


May  27, 


The  Henyard. 


FAT  AND  LAZY  HENS. 

Will  you  tell  me  what  to  do  for  my  hens? 
They  begin  to  mope  and  stand  all  humped 
up  one  day  and  are  dead  the  next  morning ; 
the  skin  is  very  red,  so  is  the  flesh,  the 
liver  is  congested  and  the  bowels  very  loose. 
They  are  kept  (about  GO  of  them)  in  a  run 
100x120  feet.  They  have  dry,  well-ventilated 
quarters  and  are  fed  oats,  wheat,  Alfalfa, 
beef  scraps  and  dried  bone,  plenty  of  cab¬ 
bage  and  table  scraps.  They  have  no  lice. 

Cleveland,  O.  E.  k. 

The  trouble  which  this  correspondent  has 
is  the  result  of  months  of  overfeeding  and 
insufficient  exercise.  The  looseness  of  the 
bowels  is  usually  the  result  of  feeding  too 
much  beef  scraps,  or  it  may  be  that  the 
scraps  are  not  fit  to  feed.  Frequently  the 
beef  scraps  offered  for  sale  are  tainted,  so 
that  they  smell  like  a  bag  of  fertilizer,  but 
a  hen  will  eat  them  for  a  while  if  she  is  iu 
good  condition,  without  any  apparent  harm. 
The  proper  feeding  of  poultry  varies  so 
much  according  to  the  conditions  that  it 
is  impossible  to  follow  set  rules  at  all  times 
and  produce  good  results.  As  good  a  gen¬ 
eral  rule  as  can  be  given  is  to  feed  a  va¬ 
riety  of  dry  grain  in  the  litter  in  the  morn¬ 
ing ;  the  litter  being  deep  enough  to  hide 
the  grain,  so  the  hens  will  have  to  work 
to  find  it;  feed  less  than  half  they  would 
eat.  so  that  by  noon  they  will  still  be 
hungry.  Then  at  noon  open  the  dry  mash 
hoppers ;  these  should  be  made  so  they  can 
be  closed  to  keep  out  hens  until  you  want 
them  to  have  the  feed,  also  to  exclude  rats 
at  night.  They  will  not  as  a  general  thing 
eat  too  much  of  the  dry  mash,  for  a  hen 
cannot  furnish  enough  saliva  to  moisten  but 
a  little  at  a  time.  At  night  give  a  full 
feed,  all  they  will  eat,  of  wheat,  corn  and 
oats,  say  six  quarts  to  100  hens.  But  this 
is  only  a  general  rule,  which  must  be  va¬ 
ried  by  circumstances,  especially  as  to 
amount  fed.  I  have  a  pen  of  It.  I.  Bed 
pullets  that  I  have  to  feed  more  than  double 
the  amount  of  grain  given  to  any  other 
pen,  and  they  are  quite  thin  in  flesh,  too ; 
the  reason  is  that  they  are  turning  that 
food  into  eggs,  and  have  been  laying  splen¬ 
didly  all  Winter.  On  the  contrary,  a  pen 
of  Wyandotte  hens  fed  half  the  amount,  got 
so  exceedingly  fat  that  they,  were  sold  to  a 
peddler,  one  hen  weighing  10  pounds,  and 
several  nine  pounds  each.  These  hens  put 
the  food  “on  their  backs’’  instead  of  into 
eggs.  Being  away  from  home  a  good  deal 
in  the  Winter,  the  feeding  had  to  be  en¬ 
trusted  to  a  16-year-old  boy,  who  with  the 
best  instruction  I  could  give  him,  was  not 
able  to  feed  the  hens  properly.  Consequently 
I  have  some  of  the  same  trouble  E.  K.  men¬ 
tions.  It  is  a  bad  thing  to  allow  breeding 
hens  to  get  too  fat.  They  are  apt  to  lay 
infertile  eggs  or  eggs  that  have  weak 
germs.  A  reasonably  fat  hen  will  lay  bet¬ 
ter  than  a  poor  one.  A  large  per  cent  of 
the  yolk  is  fat,  and  the  hen  must  supply 
that  fat,  and  it  stands  to  reason  that  she 
can  do  it  easier  if  she  has  a  little  surplus 
fat  in  her  own  tissues.  I  had  once  two 
Black  Polish  hens  that  laid  nearly  every 
day  from  midwinter  to  late  iu  the  Fall, 
and  laid  until  they  were  mere  skeletons, 
then  died.  My  R.  I.  Reds  have  laid  the 
fat  all  out  of  their  tissues,  and  I  am  feed¬ 
ing  them  more  corn  than  any  other  pen  be¬ 
cause  they  need  the  fat  it  contains  to  put 
into  the  •  eggs.  The  same  feeding  would 
ruin  other  pens  of  fowls  I  have.  So,  as  I 
said  before,  it  is  impossible  to  feed  cor¬ 
rectly  by  any  set  rule.  Circumstances  and 
conditions  govern,  and  good  judgment  must 
be  used.  geo.  a.  cosgrove. 


EGGS  FROM  THE  GLASS  HEN. 

“I  notice  in  a  recent  issue  where  you 
talk  about  keeping  eggs  in  water-glass,  that 
you  say  eggs  laid  in  April,  May  and  June 
are  best.” 

We  said  so  and  mean  it. 

“But  why  is  this?” 

First,  because  eggs  are  cheapest  in  these 
months.  As  a  rule,  you  would  get  less  for 
them  if  you  put  them  on  the  regular  mar¬ 
ket,  whereas  if  you  can  hold  them  until 
December  or  January  you  will  save  your¬ 
self  the  price  of  your  expensive  eggs. 

“Is  that  the  only  reason?” 

No.  It  has  been  found  that  eggs  laid 
during  these  months  will  naturally  keep 
better  and  are  less  likely  to  rot. 

“What  do  you  mean  by  rotting?” 

Just  what  we  say.  Read  Bulletin  G7 
from  the  Connecticut  Agricultural  College 
at  Storrs,  Conn.,  and  you  will  find  that  the 
decomposition  of  eggs  is  due  to  certain  bac¬ 
teria.  The  egg-like  milk  is  one  of  the 
best  substances  for  these  bacteria  to  work 
in,  and  they  work  mightily  when  they  once 
get  inside  the  shell. 

“When  do  these  bacteria  get  into  the 
shell  ?” 

Some  of  them  are  there  before  the  egg 
is  laid  and  under  favorable  conditions  they 
cause  the  egg  to  rot.  It  is  a  fact  that  some 
hens  owing  to  a  form  of  disease  deposit 


the  bacteria  into  the  egg  before  they  are 
laid,  thus  the  eggs  are  diseased  to  begin 
with,  and  it  needs  but  a  little  warmth  to 
set  them  going. 

“Supposing  the  egg  to  be  free  when  laid 
how  do  these  bacteria  get  into  it?" 

They  may  pass  in  through  the  pores  of 
the  shell.  A  thin-shelled  egg  or  one  which 
has  defects  in  its  shell,  as  many  eggs  have, 
gives  a  better  chance  for  these  bacteria 
to  get  inside.  Many  eggs  are  infected  soon 
after  they  are  laid.  A  filthy  nest  is  a 
great  source  of  infection.  It  is  generally 
full  of  the  bacteria  and  they  make  the 
most  of  their  opportunity  when  an  egg  is 
laid.  It  is  found  on  investigation  that 
eggs  laid  in  April,  May  and  June  are  less 
likely  to  contain  the  bacteria  and  less  likely 
to  be  attacked  by  them  than  eggs  laid 
later  in  the  Summer  or  earlier  in  the 
Spring. 

“But  how  do  they  prove  all  this?” 

In  Connecticut  they  took  a  dozen  Janu¬ 
ary  eggs ;  in  six  of  them  small  holes  were 
made  into  which  bacteria  from  a  rotten 
egg  were  introduced.  These  holes  were 
sealed  with  wax  and  these  infected  eggs 
with  others  that  had  not  been  treated  were 
put  in  an  incubator  at  110  degrees.  In  48 
hours  those  six  infected  eggs  were  rotten 
enough  to  throw  at  a  bad  actor,  while  the 
other  six  bad  no  change  at  all.  There  can 
be  no  doubt  about  this,  and  we  must  re¬ 
member  that  the  water-glass  cannot  kill  the 
bacteria  or  overcome  their  work;  thus  we 
must  have  fresh  eggs  and  eggs  that  are 
clean  if  we  expect  the  water-glass  to  play 
the  part  of  a  glass  hen.  Another  thing  to 
be  remembered  is  that  the  water-glass  so¬ 
lution  must  not  be  out  where  the  sunshine 
will  fall  directly  upon  it.  Keep  the  jar 
covered,  let  it  alone  and  then  have  the 
pleasure  of  eating  a  June  egg  in  January. 


Fumigating  Poultry  Houses. 

Has  anyone  tried  hydrocyanic  acid  gas 
for  ridding  a  henhouse  of  lice,  and  with 
what  success?  I  cannot  see  why  fumigat¬ 
ing  a  henhouse  with  this  gas,  just  as  nur¬ 
serymen  do  trees  for  ridding  of  aphis, 
would  not  be  practicable.  It  certainly 
would  be  cheaper  and  less  trouble  than  any 
other  way  if  it  will  work.  Of  course  care 
would  have  to  be  exercised  on  account  of 
its  deadly  properties,  but  we  have  to  use 
care  with  arsenical  sprays.  h. 

Virginia. 

Several  cases  have  been  reported  where 
hydrocyanic  acid  gas  was  used  for  fumigat¬ 
ing  henhouses.  The  trouble  is  to  make 
such  houses  airtight.  They  are  usually 
ventilated.  The  poisonous  gas  is  very  ac¬ 
tive  and  the  house  must  be  perfectly  tight 
in  order  to  make  this  method  effective.  If 
there  are  any  cracks  the  gas  will  escape 
rapidly. 

Mice  in  Henhouse. 

I  notice  on  page  558,  in  issue  of  May  6, 
that  M.  G.  W.  is  puzzled  as  to  how  to  get 
rid  of  mice  in  his  chicken  house.  A  few 
years  since  I  was  confronted  with  almost 
identically  the  same  conditions.  I  had  hens 
and  chicks  below  and  a  pigeon  loft  above. 
My  pigeon  loft  was  swarming  with  mice 
(and  by  the  way  they  will  not  go  in  traps 
as  long  as  they  can  find  plenty  of  food  on 
the  floor).  I  dare  not  allow  my  cats  to  go 
in,  and  I  was  in  a  quandary  as  to  how  to 
dispose  of  them.  I  finally  resorted  to  hot 
water.  I  took  a  couple  of  teakettles  full  of 
boiling  water,  and  every  hole  I  could  find 
along  the  siding  was  filled  with  it,  and  as 
the  water  went  in  I  could  hear  the  death 
squeak,  and  I  got  rid  of  them  in  double 
quick  time.  c.  l.  g.  b. 

Slingerlands,  N.  Y. 

I  would  make  a  box  about  four  inches 
square  and  two  feet  long  without  ends, 
several  of  them ;  take  cheese,  piecrust  or 
fried  potatoes  and  put  in  them  for  two 
nights  to  get  well  baited ;  then  mix  with  the 
bait  poison  and  put  in,  keeping  far  enough 
from  ends  so  hens  cannot  reach,  and  leave 
one  night,  taking  out  during  day.  Repeat 
second  night  and  what  rats  are  not  killed 
will  leave.  w.  l.  hannah. 

Maine. 


The  first  of  April  I  sent  you  a  record  of 
my  flock  of  hens  for  the  last  16  days  of 
March.  I  am  now  sending  you  the  record 
from  April  1  to  30  :  90  White  Leghorns 

laid  1,578  eggs ;  30  It.  I.  Reds,  466 ;  three 
RcmIs  were  set  during  the  time;  17  Light 
Brahmas,  318,  making  a  total  for  the 
month  of  2,362  eggs,  196-10  dozen. 

Ohio.  NELLIE  L.  HAMMOND. 


CONTAGIOUS  ABORTION 

Do  you  suspect  it  in  your  herd? 
The  best  authorities  claim  that 
proper  disinfecting  is  the  only  ef¬ 
fective  remedy.  And  you  know,  if 
you  have  ever  used  it,  that  the  best 
disinfectant  for  this  and  all  general 
purposes  is 

Minor’s  Fluid 

“The  Yellow  Can" 

It  is  non-poisonous,  easily  pre¬ 
pared  and  guaranteed  to  kill  lice, 
ticks  and  stomach  worms;  it  cures 
mange  and  scab  and  prevents  hog  cholera,  etc. 

Your  dealer  carries  MINOR’S  FLUID  in  stock  or 
can  get  it  from  his  jobber.  If  not,  write  us  direct. 
Get  our  prices  on  Dipping  Tanks. 

The  W.  E.  Minor  Disinfectant  Co. 

1554  Columbus  Road  Cleveland,  Ohio 


What’s  the  use  hatching  chicks 

if  you  can’t  raise  ’em? 

THE  INTERNATIONAL  SANITARY  HOVER  is  essential  to  successful 
1  brooding  of  chickens.  It  is  indispensable  to  the  farmer  with  a  few 
chicks  or  to  the  poultry  man  with  thousands  to  raise.  Both  give  testimony 
to  the  wonderful  results  attained  with  this  hover.  Don’t  continue  with 
your  old  equipment  and  take  any  chances  this  year. 

This  nearest  to  nature  hover — The  International  Sanitary — is  built 
entirely  of  metal,  and  will  last  20  years.  The  hover  heat  from  above 
is  greatest  near  hover  curtain.  Consequently  710  crowding,  and  chicks 
do  not  pile  in  the  center.  Every  chick  has  a  chance  under  this  hover. 

Vermin-proof,  lice-proof,  dirt-proof.  Steady  hen  heat,  without  drafts 
and  no  possibility  of  foul  air.  gases  or  smoke  getting  to  chicks.  No  expen¬ 
sive  brooder  equipment  necessary  with  these  hovers.  Can  be  set  in 
barn,  box — anywhere. 

“You  might  be  interested  in  the  successful  way  in  which  the 
International  Sanitary  Hover  acted.  We  had  a  late  hatch  in 
August,  of  forty-two  chicks,  and  it  is  with  pleasure  that  I  state 
that  today,  (Sept.  22)  we  have  the  same  number  living.” 

(Signed)  J.  It.  Halloek, 

Pine  Top  Poultry  Farm,  Hartwood,  N.  Y. 

Write  today  for  Hover  catalogue  and  convincing  testimonials. 

INTERNATIONAL  POULTRY  SALES  CO.,  Box  38.  Browns  Mills,  N.  J. 


Bonnie  Brae  White  Leg-  fK”;™ 
horns  and  Pekin  Ducks  I&£t£| 

ready;  also  some  choice  matings  of  Barred  and 
White  Plymouth  Rocks,  Rose  Comb  White  Leg¬ 
horns,  White  Wyandottes,  Single  and  Rose  Comb 
Rhode  Island  Reds,  Light  Brahmas,  Mammoth 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Pearl  Guinea  Fowl.  Orders 
for  early  settings  and  baby  chicks  now  booked. 
Get  some  prize  matings  at  right  prices.  BONNIE 
BRAE  POULTRY  FARM,  NEW  ROCHELLE,  N.  Y.  Largest 
successful  plant  in  Now  York  vicinity.  10,000-egg 
capacity.  Agents  for  Cyphers  Incubator  Company. 
Correspondence  invited. 

RICHLAND  FARMS. 

Breeders  and  Exhibitors 
S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS, 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  HOCKS, 

S.  C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS. 

BABY  CHICKS. 

100  or  less,  each _ 15c 

500  or  more,  each  12b>c 
White  Plymouth 
Rocks  &  S.  C.  Black 
Orpingtons. 

300  or  less,  each.... 25c 
We  guarantee  safe 
arrival  of  chicks  in 
first-class  condition. 
Frederick,  Md. 


HATCHING  EGGS 
Half  Price  After  May  1st. 

S.  C.  White  Leghorns. 
One  Setting.  15  eggs  $1.00 
Two  Settings,  20  eggs. .  1.75 

One  hundred  eggs .  4.00 

One  thousand  eggs . 35.00 

White  Plymouth  Rocks 
&  S.  C.  Black  Orpingtons 
1  Setting,  15  eggs, $1.25  &$2.50 

100  eggs . $7.00 & $14.00 

Fertility  Guaranteed. 
RICHLAND  FARMS, 


PRIZE  WINNING  STRAINS! 


Barred  Rocks, 
White  Wyan¬ 
dottes,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  both  combs,  Singlo 
Comb  White  and  Brown  Leghorns,  eggs  $1.50,  15; 
$7.00,  100,  Light  and  Dark  Brahmas,  $2.00,  15.  Cat¬ 
alog  gratis.  F.  M.  PRESCOTT,  Riverdale,  N.  J. 


EGGS 


from  high  record  W.  P.  Rock  Hens,  $2 
for  15,  $5  for  45.  Incubator  eggs  $0  per 
100.  A.  S.  BRIAN,  Mt.  Kisco,  N.  Y. 


—  99_%o  %  Pure— 

American  Ingot  Iron  Roofing 

Guaranteed  For  30  Years 

Without  Painting 

The  Only  Guaranteed  Metal  Roofing  ever  put  on  the 
market.  Samples  free.  Write  for  a  free  book  showing 
remarkable  tests.  A  way  out  of  your  roof  troubles. 

THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  CO. ,  Dept.  0,  ELYRIA,  OHCd 


OSGOOD 

Pitless 

Indispensable  on  every  farm; 
caves  the  time  and  money  you 
would  spend  on  a  p  ublic  scale, and 
assures  perfect  accuracy  al* 
ways.  Good  for  a  I  if  ■- 
time.  Send  for  catalogue. 
Osgood  Scale  Co., 

Box  157,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


Steel 
Frame 


LAKEHILL  FARM 

W.  H.  THACHKIt. 

Single  and  Rose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W.  P.  Rocks 
and  Imp.  Pekin  Ducks.  Cockerels  and  Ducks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  in  any  quantity  from  $2  up. 
Chicks,  $15  per  100.  Ducklings,  $25  per  100.  Write 
for  special  prices  in  large  lots.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  of  hatching  eggs  and  day  old  chicks 
and  ducklings.  Safe  delivery  and  satisfaction 
guaranteed.  CARL  W.  LLOYD,  Mgr., 

Hillside,  Westchester  County,  N.  Y. 

C  p  UUHITE  LEGHORNS,  Barred  Plymouth  Rocks, 
Oa  wi  fl  Mammoth  White  Pekin  Ducks,  Stock 
hatching  eggs,  chicks,  ducklings.  Circular.  Est.1004 
Abovo  Poultry  Farm.  Chatham,  Morris  Co.  N.  J. 

EMPIRE  STATE  S.  G.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Winners  at  N.  Y.  State  Fair.  Heavy  layers;  trios. 
$5.  Eggs  for  hatching,  $1  for  15,  $5  for  100.  Cata¬ 
logue  free.  C.  H.  ZIMMER,  Weedsport,  N.  Y. 

S,  G.  White  Leghorn  BABY  CHICKS 

$10  per  100  in  any  quantity.  Breeders  are  vigorous 
yearlings  and  2-year-olds.  Circular.  VANCREST 
POULTRY  FARM,  Salt  Point,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y. 

Sa?g?WYi  S.  C,  W.  LEGHORN 

Breeding  Hens  at  low  price  to  make  room.  Also 
promising  Cockerels  cheap  in  quantities.  Also  R  I. 
Beds.  Eggs  for  hatching.  St.  Moritz  Farm,  Ramsey,  N.J. 

PULL FTQ-S.  C-  W  LEGHORNS-Booking  orders 
'  1  g  future  delivery.  Hatching  eggs  from 

vigorous  birds  for  prompt  '•shipment.  Limited 
number  choice  breeders.  Lakewood  and  Youngs 
strains.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington,  N.  J. 

'W/’YCKOFF-BLANCH ARD  strains  Single-Comb 
11  White  Leghorns,  $1.25  setting.  Heavy  laying 
Rose-Corni)  Black  Minorcas,  $1.50  setting.  Circular. 
HIGH  RIDGE  POULTRY  FAR5J,  Laurel.  Md. 

T>AI5Y  CHICKS — Single  Comb  White  Leghorns, 

_  Rose  Comb  Rhode  Island  Rods,  9c  and  12c  each. 
Strong  and  livable.  From  vigorous  free  range  stock, 
bred  for  utility  and  standard  qualities.  Safe  delivery 
guaranteed.  WESLEY  GRIN NELL,  Sodus,  N.  Y. 

Buff,  Wh.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  S.  C.  It.  I.  Red. 
Eggs,  9(lc.  per  15,  $1.50  per  30.  $2.75  per  60,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  pa. 

DAVIS  S.  C.  REDS 

200  ECC  STRAIN  Prices  reduced  after  May  1 

EGGS  utility,  $5.00  per  100;  $1.00  per  13. 

-  Special  Matings,  $1.50  per  13;  $8.00  per  100. 

Mammoth  Hot  Water  Incubator  Chicks,  $15.00  per  100 

DAVIS  POULTRY  FARM,  Berlin,  Mass. 

Eggs  For  Hatching-?,).^  JK” 

Indian  Runner  Ducks.  High-class  stock- 
utility.  show  or  export.  SINCLAIR  SMITH,  602 
Fifth  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Hunn  Lake  Poultry  Farm 

White  Wyandotte  Chicks,  $12  per  100.  Eggs.Iaper  100. 

THE  FARMER'S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 

1  layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THUS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 

SPECIAL  OFFER— White  Rock  Eggs.  $1  ^  15;  $5  ¥1  100. 
Partridge  Cochin'  Eggs,  $1.25  fk  15;  $6.00  ^k  100. 
Partridge  Wyandotte  Eggs.  $1.00  ^k  15;  $5.00  %k  100. 
Barred  Rock  Eggs.  $1.25  $  15;  $7.00  'jk  100. 

Fresh  eggs  from  good  stock,  free  range  and  healthy. 

Circular  prices  hold  on  your  choice  of  matings. 
MINCII  BROS.,  R-8,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

WHITE  EGG  STRAIN  INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS-Thor- 

oughbred,  vigorous  birds.  Wonderful  layers 
of  largo  white  eggs;  mated  with  imported  drakes, 
well  marked,  fawn  and  white;  $2.00  for  15;  Buff 
Orpingtons,  $1.50  for  15.  Liberal  discount  for  incu¬ 
bator  eggs.  Cherry  Hill  Farms,  Pittstown,  N.  J. 


Kills  All  Ticks 

ONE  DIPPING 


►64  years  experience  prove  truth  of  this 
statement.  Every  tick  and  nit  absolutely 
destroyed  if  you  use 

Cooper  Dip 

The  only  dip  that  kills  ALL  ticks  In  ONE  dipping— 
Cooper's  is  suroscabdestroyer.  Increases  growth 
and  Improves  quality  of  wool .  Perfect  skin  tonic. 
Results  considered  iselieapestdip  on  market.  Used 
on  300  million  sheep  annually.  Handsome  Calen¬ 
dar  and  booklet  free  if  you  mention  this  paper. 

Prices:  25  gal.  pkt.  50c  100  gal.  pkt.  $1.75 

Ask  your  druggist  or  write 

_  SCIIIEFFKLIN  &  CO. 

l170  W  illiaws  Street  New  York  City 


THE  BOSS  CREAM  RAISER 

will  raise  the  cream 
between  milkings  and 
give  you  sweet  skim 
milk  for  house  and 
stock.  Ice  not  necessa¬ 
ry , cold  well  or  spring 
water  will  do  the 
work.  No  skimming, 
nocrocks  and  pans  to 
handle.  TEN  DAYS 
FREE  TRIAL.  Price 
$3.25  and  up.  50,000 
of  these  machines  in  use  today.  Send  for  Free  Catalog. 

BLUFFT0N  CREAM  SEPARATOR  CO.  BOX  M,  BLUFFT0N,  0. 


Calf  Scours  BfuS.?"'! 

CRELOLL 

No  Failures  Guaranteed 

Also  the  only  known  remedy  for 
WHITE  DIARRHOEA  in  poultry. 
Caledonia  Chemical  Co.,  Caledonia,  N.  Y. 


BULLETIN  33 

Containing  the  complete  farm  uses  of  Avonarius 
Carbolineum  will  bo  mailed  free  upon  request. 
Country  Gentleman  says:  “  Every  reader  should 
havo  it.”  The  entire  agricultural  press  endorses 
its  use,  as  does  the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture. 

CARBOLINEUM  WOOD  PRESERVING  CO, 

181  Franklin  St-,  New  York,  N.Y. 

Farmers  and  Poultrymen. 

You  must  not  blame  us  if  occasionally  our  en¬ 
thusiasm  hubbies  over  when  speaking  of  our  cus¬ 
tom  hatching  department  as  carried  on  by  our 
experts  in  our  mammoth  hot  water  incubator. 
Results  are  showing  people  all  over  the  country 
that  we  know  our  business  by  saving  them  timo, 
worry  and  money,  and  giving  them  stronger  chicks 
than  the  old  hen  or  kerosene  oil  fume  incubators 
ever  did.  You  send  us  the  eggs— we’ll  do  the  rest- 
do  it  right  and  send  you  the  chicks.  Write  for  in¬ 
formation  and  prices,  anyway. 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM,  Millerton,  N.  Y. 

Pfllll  TRYMFN~Don'tfail  t0 secure  Stock  and 
lUULl  11  I  III  LI  1  Kggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 
BAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Marietta,  Pa. 

Fine  quality  orpingtons,  black  and  white.  Owens’ 

and  Cook’s  strains.  $2  and  $3  per  sitting.  $10 
per  100.  Rev.  J.  D.  GRAHAM  Lyonsville,  Mass. 

Indian  Runner  Ducks,  $4  per  pair,  from  260-egg  strain. 
Eggs,  $1.00  and  $2.00  per  12.  C.  GORDON,  Sprakers,  N.  Y. 

EGGS— U  per  15,  $2  per  40  of  Tlior.  Brahma,.  Rocks,  Wyan¬ 
dottes,  Hods,  Minorcas,  Houdans,  Leghorns,  Hamburgs;  19  var., 
23  years’  experience.  Catalogue.  S.  K.  Mohr,  Coopersburg,  Pa. 

Ofl  KGGS  $1.00 — Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
L  U  try,  Pigeons.  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Large  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 

rppQ-pEARL  GUINEAS,  Indian  Runner 
LU U U  Lucks,  Barred  Plymouth  Rocks  and 
w  Mammoth  Bronze  Turkeys.  Write  for 
Free  Price  List.  POPLAR  LAWN  FARMS,  VVest  Falls,  N.  Y. 

WBHJIIT’K  WHITE  WYANDOTTE  WINNERS 

*•  —  Baby  Chix.  Juno  Hatch.  $11  per  TOO;  $6  per  5) 
GRAND  VIEW  FARM,  -  Stanfokdville,  N.  Y. 


1011. 


THE!  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


M  I  L  KL 

The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.41 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  2%  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


THE  STORY  OF  A  MILK  INSPECTOR. 

Inspection  by  the  New  York  City 
Board  of  Health  is  probably  in  a  some¬ 
what  chaotic  condition.  So  far  as  farm¬ 
ers  are  concerned  there  is  no  certainty 
of  a  more  rational  inspection.  In  for¬ 
mer  years  there  has  been  a  veterinary  in¬ 
spection,  carried  out  by  the  creamery 
people,  the  expense  sometimes  thrown 
upon  the  farmers  and  sometimes  borne 
by  the  creamery.  Now  a  veterinary  is 
sent  out  from  the  city.  He  has  been  in 
this  vicinity,  and  the  report  is  that  he  has 
ruled  out  some  cows.  I  have  heard  no 
complaint,  and  have  seen  no  particular 
evidence  either  of  competency  or  incom¬ 
petency.  The  value  of  the  veterinary 
inspection  is  still  partially  unsettled,  but 
with  little  reason  at  present  to  doubt  its 
efficiency  to  a  tolerable  degree.  Very 
likely  the  veterinary  has  had  very  little 
experience  with  cows,  as  he  is  supposed 
to  be  a  city  man,  and  dislikes  cows.  He 
appears  to  be  a  better  man  than  was  ex¬ 
pected,  but  not  so  good  as  is  needed. 
This  estimate  is  founded  partially  on  a 
reasonably  good  guess. 

It  has  been  understood  that  a  bac¬ 
teriological  test  is  to  be  made  of  milk  as 
sold  by  the  farmer,  and  some  have  sup¬ 
posed  that  no  other  inspections  would  be 
made  than  these  two.  This  illusion  has 
been  dispelled  within  a  day  or  two.  Per¬ 
haps  I  may  as  well  give  somewhat  in  de¬ 
tail  the  mode  of  procedure  in  this  case. 
Two  men  were  seen  approaching,  driving 
quite  rapidly,  just  as  the  farmer  was 
about  starting  for  the  field  in  the  after¬ 
noon.  He  halted  a  little  for  the  men  to 
drive  up,  and  one  of  them,  a  very  large 
man  with  a  very  red  face  and  a  rough 
bearing,  remarked  that  he  wanted  to 
see  the  cow  stable.  He  neither  asked 
permission  to  do  so,  nor  did  he  announce 
his  identity  or  authority.  Finally  the 
farmer  recovered  himself  enough  to  ask 
the  purpose  of  the  visit. 

“The  Health  Department,”  responded 
the  caller. 

“The  New  York  City  Department?” 
queried  the  farmer.  A  nod  answered  the 
question. 

“A  veterinarian?”  further  asked  the 
farmer. 

“Nop  ;  inspector.”  The  inspector  then 
proceeded  to  the  stable,  asked  several 
questions  and  wrote  rapidly,  taking  in 
all  he  got  from  one  spot  near  the  cor¬ 
ner  of  the  barn.  “Sign  there,”  suggested 
the  inspector.  The  farmer  thought  he 
ought  to  see  what  he  was  expected  to 
sign.  The  inspector  said  he  would  sign 
for  him.  The  farmer  still  insisted  that 
he  wanted  to  see  what  was  on  the  paper. 
The  inspector  wrote  something,  tore  out 
the  carbon  duplicate  and  handed  it  to 
the  farmer.  The  score  was  70.  This 
was  neither  a  liberal  score  nor  an  ex¬ 
tremely  severe  one.  The  farmer  asked 
the  inspector  if  he  couldn’t  allow  some¬ 
thing  for  the  concrete  floor.  Six  points 
had  been  taken  off  for  the  floor.  The 
inspector  said  he  hadn’t  seen  that  any 
part  of  the  floor  was  concrete,  but  as 
over  half  the  floor  had  been  concreted  he 
would  allow  one  point.  This  he  did  not 
do,  however.  The  farmer  further  asked 
if  he  might  not  have  any  credit  for  the 
small-topped  milk  pails  he  was  using. 

“We’ll  see  ’em,”  remarked  the  inspec¬ 
tor. 

“In  what  respect  do  you  find  the  privy 
unsanitary?” 

“Has  it  wash-down  bowls?”  “No.” 
“Has  it  covers  with  spring  hinges?” 
“No.”  “Then  it  is  unsanitary.”  “It  has 
covers,  is  taken  care  of  and  .is  in  good 
shape.”  “Has  it  spring  hinges  on  the 
covers?”  “No.”  “Then  it  is  unsanitary,” 
again  announced  the  inspector. 

“By  the  way,  I  gave  you  credit  for 
tight  ceiling.  I  see  there  is  some  dust 
coming  down  from  the  hay  mow.  I 
will  take  off  something  for  that.” 

There  was  a  short  argument  which 
ended  by  the  inspector  saying  that  he 
was  satisfied  with  the  score  in  the  first 
place,  but,  he  added : 

“I  thought  while  you  are  caviling  at 
my  inspection,  I  would  show  you  that  I 
could  rip  this  thing  up,  if  I  am  amind 
to.”  The  remarks  of  the  inspector  were 
all  in  an  angry  tone,  and  he  now 
slammed  his  book  down  to  emphasize, 
apparently,  his  own  importance  and  his 
disgust  at  the  farmer’s  questions,  or  im¬ 
pertinence,  or  as  he  seemed  to  think, 
caviling.  Webster  says  “cavil”  means  to 
raise  captious  or  frivolous  objections;  to 
find  fault  without  good  reason.  The 
farmer  had  answered  the  inspector’s 
questions  courteously.  He  had  asked 
about  four  points,  but  not  in  an  angry  or 
captious  mood.  He  scarcely  received  a 


637 


single  courteous  answer.  He  wasn’t 
bluffed  into  submission,  however,  and 
further  asked : 

“What  is  it  expected  that  a  stable 
should  score?” 

“Whatever  it  does  score?” 

“But  what  should  a  stable  score?” 

“One  hundred  is  perfect,  sir,”  was  the 
answer. 

“You  do  not  mean  me  to  understand 
that  you  expect  a  stable  to  score  a  hun- 
dren  ?” 

“It  is  impossible,  sir.  The  best  we 
ever  had  was  92.” 

“Hasn’t  the  Board  of  Health  some 
standard  upon  which  they  pass  a  stable?” 

“It  makes  no  difference  if  the  stable 
scores  but  10,  nothing  will  he  done  about 
it.  All  we  want  is  to  educate  the  farm¬ 
ers  to  do  little  better.” 

There  were  some  further  remarks  by 
the  farmer  about  the  pleasant  day,  which 
were  answered  in  a  sarcastic  manner. 
Possibly  it  was  less  the  fault  of  the  in¬ 
spector  that  he  was  thus  uncivil  than  the 
bad  beer  he  had  recently  “punished.” 
Nevertheless,  he  evidently  went  to  the 
stable  with  a  “chip  on  his  shoulder,”  not 
an  especially  good  thing  for  an  inspec¬ 
tor  to  have  in  his  possession  anyway.  “I 
can  rip  this  thing  up,”  and  “we  want  to 
educate  the  farmers  to  do  a  little  better.” 
That  first  quotation  is  a  very  good  com¬ 
ment  on  the  arguments  of  those  who 
claim  that  scores  made  by  different  in¬ 
spectors  are  practically  uniform.  Re¬ 
garding  the  second  it  seems  as  though 
this  particular  inspector  must  be  a  great 
“educator.”  Former  inspectors  have  been 
bad  enough,  as  the  Board  of  Health  has 
publicly  admitted,  although  there  seems 
to  have  been  some  fairly  good  ones 
among  them.  This  last  specimen  has  lit¬ 
tle  to  his  credit  I  am  sure,  judging  from 
good  evidence  that  is  submitted.  We 
now  wait  for  the  third  “installment,” 
which  is  supposed  to  be  the  “bug”  man 
with  plates  and  things  to  catcli  the  bac¬ 
teria  that  may  or  may  not  be  in  the  milk 
the  farmer  sells.  When  and  where  shall 
we  look  for  common  sense  regarding 
this  business?  H.  H.  L. 


A  MILK  CONTRACT. 

Our  milk  as  well  as  a  large  portion  pro¬ 
duced  in  this  town  (Meredith),  is  sold  to 
Ayer  &  McKinney,  who  make  it  into  butter 
and  sell  it  in  the  Philadelphia  market,  so 
we  are  not  bothered  with  inspectors  from 
New  York.  I  enclose  copy  of  contract  in 
which  the  prices  are  the  same  as  this 
year ;  in  fact  their  contract  has  been  the 
same  for  several  years  and  I  think  the 
price  paid  has  compared  well  with  Borden 
prices  without  their  restrictions.  Last  year 
our  butter  averaged  nearly  34  cents  per 
pound,  which  paid  quite  well  even  at  the 
price  of  feed,  but  this  year  feed  is  about 
the  same  price  and  butter  is  much  lower. 
In  January,  1910,  we  received  39%  cents 
for  butter,  this  year  3314  cents;  February, 
1910,  32%,  this  year  30%  cents;  March, 
1910,  33%  cents,  this  year  25%  cents; 
April,  1910,  32%  cents,  this  year,  22% 
cents.  Some  kinds  of  feed  are  cheaper  this 
year  but  there  is  not  as  much  difference 
as  there  is  in  the  price  of  butter.  It  is 


my  opinion  that  the  price  of  butter  will  be 
still  lower  if  Canadian  reciprocity  and  a 
stringent  cold  storage  law  are  passed.  I 
do  not  believe  the  time  for  keeping  butter 
in  storage  should  be  limited.  Before  cold 
storage  was  invented  the  farmers  used  to 
keep  all  their  Rummer  butter  until  the  next 
Winter  and  then  sell  it  usually  at  a  much 
higher  price  than  they  could  get  by  selling 
it  as  it  was  made,  and  such  butter  was 
considered  much  better  than  fresh  made 
Winter  butter.  After  cold  storage  came  it 
created  a  speculative  demand  for  Summer 
butter  ns  it  was  made,  giving  us  who  sell 
on  a  contract  like  this  much  better  prices 
during  the  Summer  months  when  the  make 
is  heaviest.  1  do  not  know  of  any  farmers 
going  out  of  the  milk  business,  and  the  way 
they  bought  cows  at  auctions  this  Spring 
you  would  think  they  didn’t  intend  to  quit. 
Almost  any  old  cow,  if  fresh  or  nearly  so, 
would  bring  $50,  and  from  that  up  to  $70 
or  more.  The  business  of  Ayer  &  McKinney 
has  developed.  In  1910,  in  Delaware,  they 
received  20.476,209  pounds  of  milk,  produc¬ 
ing  1.425.7S3  pounds  of  butter.  This  rep¬ 
resents  the  year’s  work  of  0,250  cows,  and 
is  an  average  of  4,236  pounds  of  milk  and 
228  pounds  of  butter  per  cow. 

New  York.  geo.  middlemiss. 

It.  N.-Y. — The  contract  mentioned  states 
that  prices  will  be  figured  on  highest 
printed  quotations  of  “creamery  butter”  in 
New  Y’ork.  For  January  the  price  is  three 
cents  above  quotation,  February  one  cent, 
June  one  cent,  October  two  cents,  Novem¬ 
ber  two  cents,  December  three  cents  and 
other  months  at  such  quotations.  The  basis 
of  calculation  is  to  add  15  per  cent  to  the 
Babcock  test  of  fat.  This  represents  the 
amount  of  butter  in  100  pounds  of  milk. 
Ayer  &  McKinney  agree  to  return  half  or 
all  the  skim-milk  is  desired.  When  half  is 
returned  one  cent  a  pound  is  deducted  from 
price  of  butter ;  when  all  is  returned  two 
cents  are  deducted. 


The  dairying  business  is  very  discourag¬ 
ing  in  this  section  at  present,  but  most  of 
the  dairymen  are  sticking  to  it  yet.  Fresh 
(grade)  cows  are  worth  from  $50  to  $75, 
which  seems  like  a  good  price  considering 
the  price  of  milk,  but  with  our  rough  and 
hilly  pasture  land  in  this  section  and  help 
scarce  and  high,  what  better  can  we  do 
than  milk  the  cows  and  get  what  we  can 
for  it.  Conditions  must  change  after  a 
little;  what  we  have  to  sell  must  bring 
more  or  what  we  have  to  buy  must  cost 
less,  or  there  will  be  more  abandoned  farms 
in  this  section,  I  think.  Our  milk  around 
here  was  taken  in  at  Otselic  Center  factory 
and  drawn  to  Georgetown  Station  (about 
nine  miles)  and  shipped  to  New  York 
throulig  the  Winter  until  the  latter  part  of 
January ;  then  our  factory  began  making 
butter  and  selling  the  skim-milk  back  to 
the  patrons  at  12  cents  per  40  quart  can 
and  _  making  what  could  not  be  sold  into 
casein.  The  cheese  market  was  so  dull  our 
factory  was  run  like  this  until  the  first  of 
May,  when  we  began  making  butter  and 
cheese.  During  this  time  if  we  bought 
any  cheese  at  the  stores  it  cost  18  cents 
per  pound.  I  will  give  you  the  prices  of 
milk  and  feed  now  and  a  year  ago  in  this 
section  : 


1910 

per  100  lbs. 
Jan.  $1.68 
Feb.  1.03 
March  1.503 
April  1.223 


Bran  . 

Corn  meal  .  .  . 
Gluten  . 


April  I 

Price  of  feed 
Now 

. $1.35 

.  1.25 

.  1.30 


1911 

per  100  lbs. 
Jan.  $1.39 
Feb.  .98 
March  .83 
expect  from 
70  to  80  cts. 

a  year  ago 
$1.35 
1.50 
1.55 


We  thank  you  for  what  you  are  doing 
for  the  farmers. 

Otselic,  N.  Y.  w.  c.  D. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


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There  could  be  no  greater  mistake  on 

the  part  of  the  intelligent  dairy  farmer  than  to 
put  off  the  purchase  of  a  cream  separator  this 
year  because  cream  and  butter  prices  are  un- 
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at  a  trifle  less  first  cost  on  this  account. 

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THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


May  27, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


I  note  what  was  said  last  week  regarding 
the  Myrlck  concern.  To  make  the  matter 
plain  to  me,  would  you  let  me  know  what 
the  company  was  doing  that  the  Post  Office 
Department  would  request  it  to  pay  the 
first  class  rate?  Your  “Publisher’s  Desk” 
is  doing  a  great  work.  a.  j.  s. 

Connecticut. 

The  statement  contained  in  the  alleged 
interview  with  Mr.  Myrick  and  published 
in  the  city  papers  was  not  in  correspond¬ 
ence  with  the  facts  as  furnished  by  the 
Post  Office  Department.  The  circum¬ 
stances  as  we  understand  them  were 
these :  Mr.  Myrick  bought  a  semi¬ 
monthly  paper  in  Minnesota.  He  gave  it  a 
new  name  and  announced  a  circulation 
for  it  of  100,000  copies  and  fixed  an  adver¬ 
tising  rate  of  45  cents  per  agate  line,  but 
he  applied  for  entry  to  second  class  priv¬ 
ileges  under  the  name  of  the  Northwest 
Orange  Judd  Farmstead  to  be  entered 
at  Springfield,  Mass.,  for  a  circulation  of 
73,604  copies.  Pending  decision  on  such 
applications  the  postmaster  may  require 
a  deposit  to  cover  postage  under  the 
transient  second  class  rate  to  protect  the 
department  in  case  the  application  is  de¬ 
nied.  The  interview  stated  evidently  for 
effect  that  first  class  rate  was  demanded 
but  the  deposit  for  transient  second  class 
rate  was  what  was  really  required. 

The  department  states  that: 

Tn  passing  upon  the  application  for  entry 
of  “The  Orange  Judd  Northwest  Farm¬ 
stead”  as  second-class  matter,  no  new  is¬ 
sues  were  settled  or  involved.  In  the  de¬ 
cision  in  this  case  four  classes  of  alleged 
subscriptions  were  passed  upon  and  held  as 
not  forming  a  proper  part  of  a  “Legitimate 
list  of  subscribers.”  They  were  as  follows: 

(1)  Claimed  subscriptions  for  which  tlio 
publishers  furnished  no  orders  or  other  evi¬ 
dence  ;  these  were  rejected. 

(2)  So-called  subscriptions  transferred 
from  other  papers  published  by  the  Orange 
Judd  Company,  which  subscriptions  had 
previously  expired ;  these  were  also  re¬ 
jected. 

(3)  Claimed  subscriptions  of  persons  to 
whom  the  publication  was  sent,  but  admit¬ 
ted  by  the  publishers  not  to  be  subscribers ; 
these,  likewise,  were  rejected. 

(4)  Alleged  subscriptions  paid  for  by 
banks  at  the  low  rate  of  from  two  cents  to 
15  cents  for  a  year’s  subscription,  the  price 
of  the  publication  being  $1  a  year,  which 
subscriptions  were  held  to  be  at  a  nominal 
rate,  and  therefore  not  a  proper  part  of  the 
“legitimate  list  of  subscribers”  required  by 
law. 

The  press  statement  to  the  effect  that  the 
Department  has  held  that  subscriptions  ob¬ 
tained  through  agents,  club-raisers  and 
others  could  not  be  accepted  because  the 
publishers  did  not  receive  practically  the 
whole  amount  paid  by  the  subscribers,  is 
without  the  least  foundation  in  fact,  that 
question  being  but  incidentally  touched 
upon  with  a  view  of  determining  whether 
the  publication  was  “designed  primarily 
for  advertising  purposes,”  and  no  decision 
whatever  was  rendered  on  it. 

Of  a  total  of  73,604  claimed  subscriptions 
in  the  publishers’  application  for  admis¬ 
sion  of  the  publication  as  second-class  mat¬ 
ter,  32.469,  being  the  aggregate  of  the  four 
classes  previously  mentioned,  were  rejected 
as  not  being  legitimate,  the  publication  be¬ 
ing  admitted  on  a  basis  of  but  41,135  of 
the  subscription  claimed  in  tho  application. 

The  published  interview  made  it  appear 
that  the  department  held  that  subscrip¬ 
tions  secured  through  agents  at  a  cost  of 
more  than  50  per  cent  of  the  subscription 
price  were  not  admissible,  and  this  was 
made  to  appear  as  the  only  cause  for 
critcism  by  the  department.  After  the 
ruling  it  was  announced  that  the  post¬ 
master  reconsidered  his  demand  and  that 
Mr.  Myrick  had  won  a  victory  over 
the  department.  It  seems  now  that 
Mr.  Myrick  was  entitled  to  entry  for 
41,135  subscriptions,  and  that  he  got  it. 
It  also  seems  that  there  were  32,469  other 
names  for  which  entry  had  been  made  and 
for  which  he  was  not  entitled  to  second 
class  mailing  privileges,  and  that  the 
privilege  was  denied  as  to  them.  It  also 
appears  that  the  announced  circulation 
of  100,000  copies  was  just  two  and  one- 
half  times  the  actual  legitimate  circula¬ 
tion  as  fixed  by  the  department,  and  that 
Mr.  Myrick  paid  the  legal  rate  on  the 
rejected  list  out  of  the  deposit  for  the 
time  they  were  mailed  during  the  inves¬ 
tigation.  How  this  situation  could  be 
construed  as  a  “back  down  for  Hitch¬ 
cock”  as  the  head  lines  told  us,  and  a 
victory  for  Mr.  Myrick  will  puzzle  logi¬ 
cal  minds. 

It  will  be  readily  seen  that  the  pro¬ 
vision  authorizing  the  department  to  de¬ 
mand  a  deposit  for  postage  at  the  tran¬ 
sient  rate  of  one  cent  for  four  ounces  or 
fraction  thereof  on  each  paper  pending 


investigation  is  a  wise  one.  If  it  were 
not  enforced  any  large  batch  of  printed 
matter  such  as  circulars  or  catalogues 
could  be  mailed  on  application  of  sec¬ 
ond  class  privileges,  and  having  gone 
through  the  mails  to  destination,  and  the 
application  later  denied,  the  department 
in  many  cases  would  have  no  redress. 
We  criticise  public  officials  in  the  hope 
of  promoting  efficient  service.  It  is 
equally  the  purpose  of  the  press  to 
uphold  their  hands  in  the  faithful 
discharge  of  their  lawful  duty.  The 
practice  of  allowing  banks  or  other 

interests  to  subscribe  for  large  numbers 
of  papers  to  be  sent  complimentary,  aside 
from  the  violation  of  the  postal  laws,  is 
one  of  the  most  dangerous  forms  of  com¬ 
mercializing  the  agricultural  press.  A 
farm  paper  should  be  published  for  the 
interest  of  the  farm  and  not  for  banks 
or  any  other  interest.  It  ought  to  be 
free  to  criticise  banks  or  other  interests ; 
but  if  it  depends  on  them  for  its  very 
existence  it  cannot  do  other  than  support 
them  either  openly  or  covertly.  There 
are  many  trusts  and  other  interests  as 
well  as  banks  that  would  gladly  con¬ 
tribute  to  a  control  of  the  agricultural 
press;  but  it  would  be  a  sorry  day  for 
the  farm  papers  when  they  barter  away 
their  independence.  If  farmers  want 
papers  devoted  to  their  interests  they 
must  subscribe  and  pay  for  them  them¬ 
selves. 

Those  who  have  inquired  of  us  about 
the  investment  in  the  stock  of  this  com¬ 
pany  may  now  get  a  further  conception 
of  its  value.  The  paper  evidently  has 
a  circulation  of  41,135.  Its  advertising 
patronage  does  not  seem  to  be  very  ex¬ 
tensively  developed.  The  company  is 
capitalized  at  a  million  dollars,  nearly 
twenty-five  dollars  per  name,  but  $750,- 
000  of  the  capital  stock  has  been  issued 
to  another  Myrick  concern,  according 
to  his  statement,  in  payment  for  the 
business.  Farmers  are  now  asked  to 
buy  portions  of  the  $250,000  stock  re¬ 
maining  at  a  $1.05  per  share.  Of  course, 
you  realize  that  dividends,  if  any,  would 
be  paid  on  the  whole  million  dol¬ 
lars  of  stock  alike,  so  that  the  earnings 
of  75  cents  on  your  dollar  would  go  to 
the  concern  that  now  holds  three-fourths 
of  the  stock,  and  you  would  get  the 
earnings,  if  any,  on  25  cents  of  your 
dollar. 

I  received  tlie  check  from  M.  Steisel  to¬ 
day  for  the  crate  of  fowls  and  thank  you 
many  times  for  the  trouble  you  have  taken 
for  me,  as  I  would  not  have  received  it 
had  it  not  been  for  you.  I  shall  try  and 
avoid  such  men  as  he  after  this  if  possible. 

New'  York.  g.  b.  s. 

This  refers  to  a  shipment  of  fowls 
sent  in  January,  valued  at  $9.50  for 
which  payment  had  not  been  made.  We 
called  Mr.  Steisel’s  attention  to  the  mat¬ 
ter,  who  replied  that  failure  to  send 
remittance  was  an  oversight  on  the  part 
of  the  bookkeeper.  He  stated  the  fowls 
were  small  and  worth  only  13  cents  per 
pound,  and  check  would  be  sent  on  that 
basis  at  once.  The  check  was  not  sent. 
In  the  meantime  Mr.  Steisel  changed 
his  address  and  our  representative 
finally  located  him  in  April  on  Hudson 
street  when  he  again  promised  to  send 
check  that  night.  This  was  not  done, 
but  repeated  insistence  finally  resulted 
in  remittance,  four  months  after  receipt 
of  the  fowls.  J.  J.  D. 


Sound  Horses 


made  and  kept  sound  the  world 
over  by 


UINN’S 

w  OINTMENT 


Note  the  sign.  Price  9  1 .00  per 
Bottle.  Of  druggists  or  by  mail. 
Testimonials  free  for  the  asking. 

W.  B.  Eddy  &  Co.,  Whitehall.  N.T. 


THICK,  SWOLLEN  GLANDS 

that  make  a  horse  Wheeze, 

Boar,  have  Thick  Wind  or 
Choke-down,  can  be  re¬ 
moved  with 


orbine 


also  any  Bunch  or  Swelling.  No 
blister,  no  hair  gone,  and 
horse  kept  at  work.  $3  per  bot¬ 
tle,  delivered.  Book  3  K  free. 

ABSORB  INK,  JK.,  liniment  for  mankind. 
Reduces  Goitre,  Tumors,  Wens,  Painful,  Knotted 
Varicose  Veins,  Ulcers.  81.00  and  $3.00  a  bottle  at 
dealers  or  delivered.  Book  with  testimonials  free. 

W.F. YOUNG,  P.D.F.,  88  Temple  St.,  Springfield, Mass, 


THE  UNADILLA  SILO 

THE  SENSATION  OF  THE 
AGRICULTURAL  WORLD. 

Write  for  our  “TWENTY- 
FIVE  REASONS”  why  it  is  in 
a  class  by  itself. 

We  also  manufacture  Farm 
Water  Tubs  and  are  New  Eng¬ 
land  representatives  for  Papeo 
Cutters  and  are  in  position  to 
quote  low  prices  upon  receipt  of 
inquiry.  Extra  discount  for 
early  orders.  Agents  wanted. 


THE  UNADILLA  SILO  CO.,  Inc.,  Box  B,  Unadiila,  N.  Y. 


No  Other  Ready  Roofing 


iTnn 


The  flame  of  a  powerful  blow-torch  was 
placed  within  two  inches  of  J-M  Asbestos 
Roofing.  At  the  end  of  fifty  minutes  (note 
clock)  the  roofing  was  not  burned  or  injured, 
being  only  slightly  blackened  with  smoke. 

This  is  one  of  a  number  of  tests  which 
prove  conclusively  that  the  only  permanently 
durable  prepared  roofing — the  orte  that  better 
than  any  other,  resists  fire,  acids,  gases,  rot, 
rust,  heat,  cold,  and  wear  is 


Asbestos 
Roofing 


Other  ready  roofings  are  made  of  wool 
felt,  rag  stock,  paper,  shoddy,  coal  tar,  and 
other  highly  inflammable  materials  which  are 
an  actual  menace  to  a  building  instead  of  a 
protection. 

J-M  Asbestos  Roofing  is  also  the  “cheap- 
est-per-yearM  roofing  because  it  requires  no 
coating  or  painting  to  preserve  it.  The  first 
cost  is  the  only  expense. 

Most  hardwa  re  and  lumber  dealers  sell  J -M  Asbestos 
Roofing.  Sold  direct,  and  applied  if  desired,  where  we 
have  no  dealer.  Write  our  nearest  Branch  today  for 
sample  of  the  curious  Asbestos  rock  from  which  this 
roofing  is  made,  and  our  handsomely  illustrated  Book 
No.  O.  48. 

H.  W.  JOHNS-MANVILLE  CO. 

BALTIMORE  PITTSBURG 

BOSTON  Kiytfl  VOl  UKy  SAN  FRANCISCO 

CHICAGO  KANSASCITY  MINNEAPOLIS  SEATTLE 

CLEVELAND  LONDON  NEW  ORLEANS  ST.  LOUIS 

DALLAS  LOS  ANGELES  NEW  YORK 

DETROIT  MILWAUKEE  PHILADELPHIA  1229 

For  Canada;— THE  CANADIAN  H.  W.  JOHNS-MANVILLE  CO.,  LTD., 

Toronto,  Ont.  Montreal,  Que.  Winnipeg,  Man.  Vancouver,  B.  C. 


Send  for  Reliable  BLIZZARD  Ensilage  Cutter  Always  Works  Right 


New  Cat 
alog  Illus¬ 
trated. 


You  can  cut  any  dry  or  green  feed  most  economically,  shred  corn  to  best  advantage,  if 
you  own  the  Blizzard.  Designed  to  stand  hard  service  without  a  bit  of  strain  or 
pull  and  built  in  fewest  parts— simple,  easy  running,  with  self-feed  table  and 

knives  adjustable  while  running. 

We  Guarantee  It  Fully 

Improved  Wind  Elevator  carries 
fodder  any  height,  any  direction.  Every  machine 
tested  separately  before  shipping.  A  demonstrated 
success  for  38  years.  Shipped  ready  to  put  up. 
Let  us  send  you  free  book,  “Why  Silage  Pays." 
Write  today. 

JOS.  DICK  MFC.  CO. 

1426  W.  Tuscarawas  St.  Canton,  Ohio 


KendalUs 


THE  cure  that  saves 
horsemen  and 
farmers  millions  of 
dollars  every  year. 
Nothing  equals  it  for 
Spavin,  Curb,  Splint, 
Klugbone.Bony  G  rowths, 
or  any  Lameness.  This 
man  says: 

“Used  25  Years; 
Great  Success’* 

“Please  send  me  copy  of 
your  “Treatise  on  tlio 
Horse.”  I  have  been  using 
your  Spavin  Cure  for  tlio 
past  25' years,  with  the 
greatest  success.” 

Yours  Respectfully. 

G.  If.  Oberhoff, 
Fort  Worth,  Tex. 
Keep  your  horses  at  top 
condition  all  tlio  time. 
Don’t  worry  about  that 
spavin  or  other  growth,  cut, 
swelling  or  lameness,  but  use  Kenaall’sSpavin 
Cure.  Keep  a  bottle  for  emergency  use.  It 
has  proven  itself  to  be  the  world’s  greatest 
liniment  for  man  and  beast.  Sold  by  all 
druggists.  $1  a  bottle:  6  for  $5.  Get  tho 
book,  “Treatise  on  the  Horse,”  free,  of 
druggists,  or  write  to 

DR.  B.  J.  KENDALL  CO. 
Enosburg  Falls, 

Vt. 


,-<fi 

•  4 

f/  "• 


*  MINERAL- 
HEAVE 
REMEDY 


NEGLECT 
Will  Ruin 
YourHorse' 

Send  today  for 
only 

PERMANENT  VSR 


J 

SAFE  JP*. 
CERTAIN 


S3  PACKAGE^ 

will  cure  any  case  or 
money  refunded. 

$1  PACKAGE 

cures  ordinary  cases. 
Postpaid  on  receipt  of 
price.  Agents  Wanted. 

Write  for  doBcriptivo  booklet. 


Mineral  Heave  Remedy  Co.,  461  Fourth  Avenue.  Pittsburg, 


NEWTON’S  HEAVE 


COUCH,  DISTEMPER  AimC 
AND  INDIGESTION  NS  U  IV  C. 

The  Standard  Veterinary  Remedy. 


a 

w 


Philadelphia  SILOS 


have  a  10  year  reputation  for  strength  and  efficiency. 
Posiitively  the  only  Silos  made  that  have  an  Opening 
Root — Only  Continuous  Open  Front.  Our  30  1’t.  Silo 
equals  other  36  ft.  Silos  capacity.  Over  6,000  in  use. 
Opening  roof  works  automatically — permits  Silos  be¬ 
ing  fully  packed.  Also  splendid  line  in  Water  Tanks, 
Gasoline  Engines,  Pumps,  etc.  Get  free  catalogue. 

E.  F.  SCHLICHTER  CO.,  12S  Fuller  Bldg..  Phila.,  Pa. 


M  A 

HARDER  MFG.  CO. 

BOX  11  COBLESKILL,  N.Y. 

TO 


GREEN  MOUNTAIN  SILOS 

Write  TODAY  for  Booklet  to 
CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MANUFACTURING  CO 
338  West  St.,  Rutland.  Vt. 


Make3  the  horse  sound,  stay  sound 

DEATH  TO  HEAVES 

The  lirst  or  second  $1.00  can  cures  Heaves.  The  third 
can  is  guaranteed  to  cure  or  money  refunded 
$1.00  per  can  at  dealers,  or  express  prepaid. 

THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO„  Toledo,  Ohio 


uns- 

i  ii  m 

II  !Lw!B 

ii 

II  !»#'!■ 

I 

I II--MH 

I II  » 

III',*' 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOR 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 
GUARANTEED  MONEY-SAVING 


INTERNATIONAL 

SILOS 


strongest  built,  simplest  to  put  up  and  easiest  operated 
on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take-up  hoop- 
continuous  open-door  front — air-tight  door  and  per* 
manent  ladder  are  some  of  the  unusual  features.  Ths 

International  Silo  Co.,  II 3  Stain  St.«  LlneerllU.  T9* 


SILO  FILLING 
MACHINERY 


BLOWER  and  Travel 
Ing  FEED  TABLE 


|  Made 
in 

I  sizes  to 
suit  all 
wants 
from  5  to 
15  H.P. Engine. 

Sold  on  their  own  merits. 


No  Money  Required  with  Order 

Fill  Your  Silo— Pay  Afterwards 

Writo  for  catalog  and  information.  A  postal  will  do. 

iThe  E.  W.  ROSS  CO.,  Box  13  Springfield.  O. 


1911. 


'THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


03© 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  May  27,  1911. 


FARM  TOPICS. 

Heavy  Clay  Soil  and  Grass .  622 

Handling  Yard  Manure  Easily .  622 

Changing  Alfalfa  for  Corn .  622 

Handling  the  Straw  Pile .  622 

The  Student  Labor  Problem .  623 

Bean  Diseases  .  625 

Growing  Cabbage  Plants  Under  Cheese¬ 
cloth  .  626 

Lime-Sulphur  on  Potatoes .  626 

Vetch  in  Northern  Michigan .  627 

Hope  Farm  Notes  .  628 

Crop  Notes  . 631 

Farmers’  Share  of  Sport  Money .  631 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

A  Town  Herd  of  Blacks .  622 

Jersey  Cattle  Club .  631 

Stands  Up  for  the  Hackney  Horse....  634 

An  Experience  with  Hogs .  634 

Pasturing  or  Soiling  Cattle .  635 

A  Young  Shepherd’s  Story .  635 

Fat  and  Lazy  Hens .  636 

Eggs  from  the  Glass  lien .  636 

Fumigating  Poultry  Houses .  636 

Mice  in  Henhouse .  636 

Milk  .  637 

The  Story  of  a  Milk  Inspector .  637 

A  Milk  Contract .  637 

HORTICULTURE. 

New  Berry  Culture . 621,  622 

Dust  Method  of  Spraying .  623 

A  One-Man  Air  Pressure  Sprayer.  .  .  .  624 

Cover  Crops  in  Orchard  .  624 

Nitrate  of  Soda  on  Lawn .  624 

Bees  and  Poison  Sprays .  625 

Cherry  Growing  in  Wisconsin .  626 

Missouri  Fruit  Crop  Report....* .  626 

Lime  and  Sulphur  .  626 

Live  Stock  and  Spraying .  626 

Lime  Sulphur  Solution  on  Grapes....  629 

Poison  Spray  for  Rose-bugs .  629 

The  Best  Shade  Tree . : .  629 

Commercial  Carnations  .  629 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day .  632 

A  Plea  for  the  Pepper .  632 

With  the  Earlier  Fruits .  632 

Fixing  Old  Floors .  633 

The  Rural  Patterns  .  633 

Hulled  Corn  .  633 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Taking  Twist  from  Rope... .  624 

Preparing  Horseradish  .  624 

Well  of  Poor  Water .  624 

Size  of  Golf  Links .  624 

Raising  Fish  in  Pennsylvania .  624 

A  Cement  Gun  .  625 

Collecting  Fish  in  Nova  Scotia .  625 

Experience  With  Poison  Ivy .  625 

Whitewashing  With  a  Pump .  626 

Cinders  and  Rust  .  626 

Carp  Culture  in  Germany .  627 

An  Argument  for  Parcels  Post .  627 

Editorials  .  630 

Other  People’s  Money .  631 

Events  of  the  Week .  631 

Products,  Prices  and  Trade .  635 

Publisher’s  Desk  .  638 


MARKETS 

Wholesale  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  May  19,  1911. 


BDTTKU 

Arrivals  this  week  are  liberal,  with  ample 
supplies  of  the  better  grades  of  fresh  cream¬ 
ery.  Factory  and  process  very  dull. 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 21  t a  .22 

Good  to  Choice . 19  @  .20 

Lower  Grades  . 15  ©  .18 

Storage . 15  ©  .20 

State  Dairy,  best . 20  @  .21 

Common  to  Good . 14  @  .18 

Factory . 14  ©  .16 

Packing  8tock . 12  ©  .15 

Klgin  111.  butter  market  firm  at  21  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  22  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  22  cents. 
CHEESE 

Demand  is  light  both  for  local  and  ex¬ 
port  trade.  Some  of  the  accumulated  stock 
is  being  paraffined  and  put  into  boxes  for 


holding. 

Full  Cream,  best.  Fall  made . 12  @  .14 

Common  to  Good .  ..  .10  @  .11 

New  Made . 09  ©  .11 

Skims . 03  ®  .09 


EGGS 

Supplies  are  not  so  large  as  last  week, 
but  the  market  is  overstocked  with  medium 
and  lower  grades.  Western  and  Southern 
receipts  are  irregular  in  quality,  shrunken, 
undersized  and  spotted. 


White,  good  to  choice . 18  @  .20 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 17  ©  .18 

Common  to  Good . 15  ®  .17 

Western,  best . 17  @  .18 

Under  grades . 12  @  .15 

BEANS 

Market  firm  and  higher  on  practically  all 
grades. 

Slarrow,  100  lbs .  3.10  ©  3.80 

Medium . .  3.00  ©  3.50 

Pea .  3.00  @  3.65 

Yellow  Eye .  3.00  ©  3.60 

Bed  Kidney . 6.10  ffi  6.75 

WhiteKidney .  5.00  @  5.10 

Lima,  California .  6.70  ©  6.85 

HOPS 

Very  little  trading,  as  growers  are  hold¬ 
ing  for  higher  prices. 

Prime  to  Choice . 30  @  .31 

Common  to  Good..'. . 28  @  .29 

Paciilc  Coast . 23  ©  .24 

German  Crop,  1910 . 50  @  .54 

CIDER  VINEGAR 

N.  Y.  prices  for  single  barrel  lots. 

Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 22  ©  .24 

Standard  Grade . 13  ©  .15 

DRIED  FRUITS 


Market  has  a  strong  tone,  but  stock  is 
so  scarce  that  prices  given  are  largely  nom¬ 
inal. 


Apples,  evap. 

prime . 

. 12 

© 

13 

Kvap.,  com. 

to  good . 

@ 

.11 

Sun  Dried . . 

© 

.1179* 

Chops . 

© 

.08 

Cores  and  Skins . . 

© 

-07V6 

Raspberries. . 

. 28 

@ 

.31 

Cherries . 

fa) 

.17 

FRESH  FRUITS 


Apples  are  gettiug  scarce,  except  poor 
grades,  which  are  hard  to  sell.  A  few 
peaches  of  Jewel  and  Bidwell  varieties  from 
Florida  and  Georgia  are  here,  selling  up¬ 
wards  of  .$2  per  carrier.  Strawberries  in 
large  supply  from  the  Carolinas  and  Vir¬ 


ginia. 

Apples,  Russet,  bbl .  3.00  ©  5.00 

Baldwin .  4.00  ©  6.00 

Ben  Davis .  3.50  ffl  5.50 

8py . 4.00  ©  7.00 


Western —  _ 

Newtown,  box .  1.75  ©  2.75 

Rome,  box .  2.00  @  2  75 

Black  Ben,  box .  2  00  @  2.50 

Gano.  box  .  1.75  ©  2.25 

Strawberries,  Virginia,  qt . 11  ©  -15 

Carolina . 09  ®  .18 

Eastern  Shore . 07  @  .18 

Peaches.  Fla.,  carrier .  1.50  ©  4.00 

Muskmelons,  Fla,,  crate .  2.00  ®  4.50 

Watermelons,  Fla.,  each . 25  ©  .35 

VEGETABLES 


Old  potatoes  lower;  new  in  active  de¬ 
mand  and  firm.  Asparagus  plenty  and 
lower.  Cabbage  selling  well.  Peas  and 
radishes  lower. 


Potatoes — N.  Y.  State,  180  lbs .  1.50  ©  1.67 

Maine .  1.50  ©  1.75 

Southern,  new.  No.  1.  bbl .  4.50  ©  5.50 

Southern,  new.  No.  2,  bbl .  3.00  @  4.50 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bkt. .  1.00  .©  2.00 

Asparagus,  Jersey,  green,  f'cy .  1.00  ©  1.76 

Jersey,  white,  fey .  1.00  @  1.50 

Long  Island,  white,  prime . 75  @  1.25 

Penn.,  green,  choice .  1.25  ©  1.75 

Culls . 40  @  .75 

Beets,  new,  100  bunches .  3.00  ffi  4.00 

Carrots,  bbl .  2.00  ©  2.25 

Southern,  new.  100  bunches .  2.00  ©  4.00 

Cabbage— New,  Southern,  bbl .  2.00  ©  2.75 

Sweet  Corn,  Southern.  100 .  3.00  ©  4.00 

Cucumbers.  Fla.  bu .  1.50  ©  2.00 

Kohlrabi,  Southern.  100  bunches .  1.50  ©2.00 

Lettuce,  jij-bbl.  bkt . 50  @  1.00 

Peppers,  Southern,  bu . 1.00  ©  1.25 

Horseradish.  100  lbs .  4.00  ®  7.00 

Okra.  Fla.  Carrier  .  2.00  ©  3.00 

Onions,  Texas,  new,  crate . 1.50  ©  2.50 

Bermuda,  crate .  1.75  ©  1.80 

Peas.  Southern,  bu . 75  ©  2.75 

Badishes.lOO  bunches . 50  @  1.00 

Khubarb,  100  bunches . 1.00  ©  2.00 

Salsify,  100  bunches .  3.00  ©  4.00 

String  Beans,  bu . 75  ®  2.50 

Spinach,  bbl . 75  ©  1.25 

squash,  bbl .  2.25  ©  2.75 

New,  bu . 50  ©  1.00 

Turnins.  ltutabaga,  bbl .  2.00  ©  2.25 

White,  bbl .  1.00  @1.50 

Leeks,  100  bunches .  2.00  ©  2.50 

Kgg  Plants,  Fla.,  box .  1.00  ®  1.50 

Parsley  bbl .  1.00  ©  4.00 

Tomatoes,  Fla.  crate .  1.60  ©  3.00 


HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 


Mushrooms  very  poor.  Tomatoes  scarce. 
Cucumbers  lower. 


Cucumbers,  best,  doz . 65  ©  .75 

Common  to  good . 40  ©  .50 

Mushrooms,  lb . 10  ®  .40 

Tomatoes,  lb . 10  ©  20 


LIVE  POULTRY 

Market  firm  on  fowls  and  broilers.  Other 
kinds  weak. 


Chickens,  Broilers,  lb 

Fowls . 

Roosters . 

Ducks . 


Geese. . . 
Turkeys 


.30  @ 
.14  © 
.08  © 
.12  © 
.09  © 
.12  © 


.35 

.15 

.08^ 

.13 

.10 

.13 


DRESSED  POULTRY— Fresh  Kii.i,ei> 
Fowls  plenty  and  slightly  lower.  Good 
demand  for  fancy  broilers,  hut  small  very 
dull. 


Turkeys,  best . 15  ©  16 

Common  to  Good . 13  @  .14 

Chickens,  fancy  broilers,  lb .  35  ©  .45 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 25  ©  .30 

Fowls .  14  @  .15 

Squabs,  doz .  1.75  @  4.25 

DRESSED  POULTRY— Frozen 

Turkeys,  best . 22  ®  .23 

Chickens,  milk-fed  broilers . 22  ©  .25 

Corn-fed  broilers . 18  ®  .22 

Milk-fed  roasters . 17  ©  .18J*j 

Corn-fed  roasters . 15  @  .16^4 

Fowls .  12  ®  .14 

Ducks,  best . 14  ©  .15 

Common  to  good . 12  ©  .13 

Geese . 07  @  .11 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 

Calves,  good  to  prime . 09  @  .10 

Common . 06  ©  .08 

Lambs,  hothouse,  head .  2.00  @  6.00 

HAY  AND  STRAW 


Better  grades  of  Timothy  are  firm.  Other 
grades  in  surplus. 


Hay.  No.  1,  ton . 27.00  ©  28.00 

No.  2 . 22.00  ©  24.00 

No.  3 . 18.00  @  19.00 

Clover  Mixed . 15.00  ©  21  00 

Clover . 12.00  ©  19.00 

8traw,  Rye . 11.00  ©  12.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 8.00  ©  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 5.55  @  6.40 

Bulls . 4.00  @  5.50 

Cows .  2.00  @  4.75 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 5.00  ©  7.50 

Culls  . 4.00  ©  4.50 

Sheep,  100  lbs .  2.50  ©  3.50 

Lambs .  5.00  ©  6.00 

Hogs .  6.00  @7.00 

G  RAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.08  @  ... 

No.  2,  Red . 99  @  ... 

No.  1  Macaroni . .99  @  ... 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 53  ©  .59 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 36  ©  .39 

MILL  FEED 

8pring  Bran, ton .  20.00  ©  26.35 

Standard  Middlings .  27.00  ©  28.00 

Red  Dog .  28.00  ©  29.00 

Hominy  Chop .  22.50  ©  23.00 

Linseed  Meal .  33.00  @  34.00 

Corn  Meal .  23.00  ©  24.00 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  16.10 

Middling  Gulf .  16.35 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  15.20 

Good  Middling .  16.12 

WOOL 


NewYork  Fleeces,  Delaine,  unwashed. .  .22  ©  .23 


Ohio  half  blood  combing . 25  ©  .26 

Kentucky,  three-eighths  blood . 24  @  .25 

Michigan,  half  blood . 24  @  .26 

TOBACCO. 

Conn.  broadieaf-Uller . 08  ©  .10  3 

Fine  wrappers . 60  ©  .75 

N.  Y. State  Fillers . 05  ©  JJ6 

Fine  and  Selections . 12  ©  .16 

Ohio.  Zimmer's  Spanish . 19  @  .20 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 07  @  .09 

Dark  Leaf . 10  ©  .20 

Bright  Cutters . 12  ©  .30 

Penn,  broad  leaf  fillers . 15  @  .17 


FARM  WAMTFn~Not  !ess  than  15  acres,  with 
I  nil  III  If  rlli  I  LU  house,  high  location,  good 
view,  brook  or  spring,  within  40  miles  New  York 
City,  Long  Island  not  wanted.  Payment  $600 
cash,  balance  $100  monthly  on  mortgage  Ad¬ 
dress,  "Responsible,”  RURAL  NEW-YORKER,  N.  Y.  CITY. 


DO  YOU  NEED  FARM  HELP? 

The  Jewish  Agricultural  and  Industrial  Aid 
Society  has  on  its  lists  men  wishing  to  obtain  em¬ 
ployment  upon  farms.  Most  of  them  are  without 
experience,  but  they  are  able-bodied  and  willing 
to  work.  They  speak  little  or  no  English,  although 
many  of  them  speak  German.  If  you  can  make 
use  of  such  help,  please  communicate  with  us, 
stating  what  you  will  pay,  whether  the  work  is 
permanent,  and  whether  you  prefer  a  single  or  a 
married  man.  We  are  a  philanthropic  organiza¬ 
tion,  whose  object  it  is  to  assist  and  encourage 
Jews  to  become  farmers.  We  charge  no  commis¬ 
sion  to  employer  or  employee.  Address 
THE  J.  A.  &  I.  A.  S.,  174  Second  Avenue,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


Fisherton  Farm  Jerseys 

This  farm  has  Ameri¬ 
can  and  Island  stock 
with  every  animal 
bought  for  business  at 
the  pail.  We  win  sell 
or  exchange  bull  calves 
out  of  first  rate  cows 
for  registered  heifer 
calves  or  cows  with 
satisfactory  milk  pail 
records.  We  also  offer 
for  sale  three  bulls 
ready  for  service  of 
splendid  performance 
and  promise. 

1- Meadowsweet  Melia 
Rioter  #81624.  Dropped 
June  21, ’08.  Price 
$200.00.  Sired  by 
Meridale  Melia  Rioter. 
Dam,  Maud’s  Primrose 
of  St.  Lambert. 

2- Fisherton  Count 
Pogis  #93996.  Sired  by 
Champion  Hood  Farm 
Pogis  9th.  Dam,  Mary 
of  Vernon,  Register 
of  Merit.  Dropped 
August  3rd,  1909. 

Price  $250.00. 

3- Fisherton  Pogis 
#93997.  Sired  by 
Champion  Hood  Farm 
Pogis  9th.  Dam,  Tormet 
Third  of  Hood  Farm. 
Dropped  January  23rd, 
1910.  Price  $100.00. 

FISHERTON  FARM 

R.  F.  D.  No.  3,  Pontiac,  Michigan 


Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.,  -  Boston. 


SHIP  YOUR  CONSIGNMENTS 

- TO - 

GEO.  OLIVER  &  COMPANY 

Established  1850 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 
WEST  WASHINGTON  MARKET.  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 

PROMPT  RETURNS 


STRAWBERRIES. 

Calves,  Poultry,  Fancy  Eggs,  Hothouse  Products, 
Fruits,  Vegetables.  Top  prices  secured  for  choice 
goods.  Correspondence  solicited. 

Archdeacon& Co.,  100  Murray  St.,  N.Y. 


:;ANIMAL3 
•.--FRIEND 

„  Keeps  flics  and  all 
insects  and  pests  off 
animals  —  in  barn  or  pas¬ 
ture — longer  than  any  imi¬ 
tation.  Used  and  endorsed 
since  1885  by  leading  dairy¬ 
men  and  farmers. 

$1  worth  saves  $20.00 

- —  -  —  -  in  milk  and  flesh  on  each 

cow  in  a  single  season.  Cures  sores,  stops  itching 
iff?.  Prevents  infection.  Nothing  better  for  galls. 
Kills  lico  and  mites  in  poultry  houses. 

SFND  y°ur  .dealer  can’t  supply  you,  for 

O LilMJ  ^1,  enough  Shoo  -  Fly  to  protect  200 
cows,  and  our  8  •  tube  gravity  sprayer  without 
extra  charge.  Idotutp  hark  if  not  satisfactory .  Write 
for  Booklet,  free.  Special  terms  to  agents. 

Shoo-Fly  Mfg.  Co.,  Dept.  P,  1301  N.  10th  St.,  Philada. 


DAISY  FLY  KILLER 


placed  anywhere,  at* 
tracts  &  kills  nil  flies. 
Neat,  clean,  ornament* 
tnLcou  vonient, cheap. 
LASTS  ALL  SEASON 
Mfttle  of  metal,  cannot 
spill  or  tip  over,  will 
not  Boll  or  Injure  any¬ 
thing.  Guaranteed 
effective.  Of  all 
denlera  or  cent  pre¬ 
paid  for  20  cents. 
HAROLD  SOMERS 
150  Da  K:il l>  Ave. 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


0. 1.  C. — Pigs  With  Three  Grand  Parents 

Bred  by  the  L.  B.  Silver  Co. 

C.  B.  SMITH  &  SON,  Jackson  Summit,  Pa. 


LARGE  YORKSHIRE  HOGS. 

I  have  for  sale  a  limited  number  of  four  months 
old  registered  i>igs  from  imported  sire.  Better 
try  a  pair  of  this  genuine  bacon  hog.  Address  : 

W„  ALLAN  GARDNER, 
SNYDER,  ...  Erie  County,  N.  Y. 


Barred  Plymouth  Rock-wEeffb';eT  'gSt 

raised  birds.  Great  laying  strain,  $1.00  per  15; 
$4.50  per  100.  ERAS.  T.  DOWNING,  West  Chester.  Pa. 


— 30  for  $1.  $3.  per  100.  Single-comb 
Brown  Leghorns.  Good  stock  guar¬ 
anteed.  H.  A.  THACHEK,  Perulack,  Pa. 


BIRDS  OF  QUALITY,  Bred  to  lay :  S.  C.  W.  Leghorn 
Hatching  Eggs,  $6  per  100;  Chicks,  $12  per  100. 


S.  C.  R.  I  Red  Eggs, 

THE  WINONA  FARMS 


!  per  100:  Chicks,  $15  per  100. 

.  Drawer  272  .  LANS0ALE,  PA. 


BABY  CHICKS,  10c.  ***;  fisaST 

C.  White  Leghorns  in  any  quantity.  Sat'o  arrival 

guaranteed,  Circulars  free.  CHAS.  R.  STONE,  Baby 
hicken  Farm,  Staatsburo-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 


/YRPINGTON  EGGS  at  half  price.  Will  sell  from 
^  best  pens;  Black.  White  and  Buff;  $1.00  for  13. 

K.  M.  MORRISON,  Lyme,  N.  H. 


New  York  State  FarirS^r’g&r'S! 

nearly  all  parts  of  tho  State.  Send  for  free  catalogue. 
NORTHERN  REALTY  CO.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


FARM  FOR  SALE— Ideal  place  for  city  party  wanting 
Summer  Homo  for  family.  Write  for  particu¬ 
lars.  No  postals.  BOX  63,  Oak  -  Hill,  N.  Y. 


IRH  FprmC  FOR  SALE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
IUU  I  Q 1 1 II O  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horace  G.  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa. 


FflR  ^A|  P-Farm  of  seventy  acres;  five-room 
i  on  ohll  house;  basement  barn,  32x40;  good 
water  supply;  fine  orchard  of  100  choice  grafted 
apple  trees;  two  and  one  half  miles  from  main-line 
railroad  station.  Price,  $1,330  cash.  HALL’S  FARM 
AGENCY,  Owego.  Tioga  County,  New  York. 


D LEASE  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Coin- 
1  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter, 
Eggs,  Poultry,  Pork,  Calves,  Hay,  Grain.  Beans, 
Apples,  etc.  K.  If.  WOODWARD,  302  Greenwich  St.,  N.Y, 


Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  CO.,  Com 
mission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York. 


JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY. 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 


GKO.  P.  HAMMONI).  EST.  1875.  FRANK  W.  GODWIN 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  GO., 

Commission  Merchants  and  Dealers  in  all  kinds  of 
COUNTRY  PRODUCE,  Apples,  Peaches,  Ber 
ries  Butter,  Eggs,  Cheese,  Poultry.  Mushrooms 
and  Hot-house  Products  a  Specialty .  Consignments 
solicited.  34  <fe  36  Little  12th  St..  New  York- 


1874 - -“AT  IT  THIRTY-SEVEN  YEARS” - 1911 


LINDEN  GROVE 
JERSEYS. 


COOPERSBURG 

PENNA. 


Annual  Decoration  Day  Sale  of  Imported  Jersey  Cattle 

Tuesday,  May  30,  1911,  Coopersburg,  Penna. 

[Coopersburg  is  on  the  Philadelphia  and  Reading  Railroad,  43  miles  north  of  Philadelphia,  98  miles  west 
of  New  York  City,  11  miles  south  of  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  and  8  miles  south  of  Allentown,  Pa.] 


175  Head  of  Jersey  Cattle,  the  Cream  of  the  Island  of  Jersey,  their 
Native  Home— Prize  Winners  and  their  Offspring 


NOTE: — In  the  past  thirty  years  we  have  sold  more  than  a  million  dollars  worth  of  Jersey  Cattle 
at  auction,  and  in  all  that  time  have  never  been  sued  nor  had  occasion  to  sue  a  buyer.  A  clientele  of 
happy  purchasers,  who  come  back  year  after  year  for  more,  is  our  felicitating  record.  Our  motto  : 

"A  Pleased  Buyer  is  Our  Best  Advertisement .” 


Our  offering  this  year  includes  both  males  and  females,  of  all  ages — 
SHOW  STOCK,  BREEDING  STOCK,  DAIRY  STOCK 

Send  {or  Catalog ,  Ready  May  12,  which  "tells  the  whole  story." 

T.  S.  COOPER  &  SONS, 

L.  F.  HERRICK,  Manager,  “Linden  Grove,”  Coopersburg,  Penna. 

Mention  The  Rural  New-Yorker 


640 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YOKKRR 


May  27,  10U. 


Keep  This 

Grinder 


1  he  greatest  otter  ever  made  on  any  tarm  machine!  Head — read  every  word 
of  this  remarkable  new  offer  on  the  Harman  Grand  Champion  Grinder  and  Combination  Farm 
Machine.  Thirty-two  machines  in  one — think  of  it !  Get  this  wonderful  machine  on  your  farm. 

We  give  you  a  ten-day  free  trial — no  money  down.  After  the  free  trial  send  the  machine  back  or  keep  it — just  as 
you  choose.  If  you  keep  it  send  us  only  $4.95  and  the  rest  in  easy  payments.  Learn  yourself  how  it  will  save  you 
money,  time  and  labor — see  how  you  can  sharpen  anything  from  the  heaviest  farm  implement  to  the  finest  carpenter  tool — if  you  own 
this  machine.  The  grinding  wheels  are  made  of  Alectride,  which  is  the  hardest  of  all  known  substances — even  harder  than  the  diamond. 
N.  With  this  machine  you  can  do  anything  with  steel  or  iron  or  wood.  You  can  bore  holes  in  steel  or  bore  out  old  rivets,  shape  steel  or  iron, 
rip  boards  the  long  way,  cut  steel  or  iron  or  do  wood  turning.  You  can  make  new  tools  out  of  what  appears  to  be  useless  stuff  which 
is  now  laying  around — mend  your  harness — and  put  it  to  a  thousand  and  one  other  uses.  Don’t  delay — send  the  coupon  today. 


FREE  \ 
COUPON 


Free  Trial  for  Ten  Days 


32  Machines  in  1 


18.  Carpenter’s  Special  India 

Oil  Stone 

19.  Carpenter’s  Special  India 

Gouge  Stone 

20.  Knife  Sharpener 

21.  Pen  Knife  Stone 

22.  Bevel  Guide 

23.  Saw  Clamp 

24.  Three  Taper  Files 

25.  Harness  Stitcher 

26.  Attachment  for  Harness 

Stitching 

27.  Razor  Hone 

28.  Tool  Rest 

29.  Saw  Gummer 

30.  Thin  Saw  Gummer 

31.  Lathe 

32.  Turning  Chisel 


1.  Sickle  Holder 

2.  Disc  Holder 

3.  Sickle  Grinding  Wheel 

4.  Coarse  Grinding  Wheel 

5.  Fine  Grinding  Wheel 

6.  Special  Oil  Stone 

7.  India  Axe  Stone 

8.  Scythe  Stone 

9.  Drilling  Attachment 

10.  Three  Drill  Bits 

11.  Hack  Saw 

12.  Power  Attachment 

13.  Circular  Saw  Attachment 

14.  One  Saw  Table 

15.  Cross  Cut  Saw 

16.  Rip  Saw 

17.  Carpenter’s  Special  Fine 

Grinding  Wheel 


Mail  This  Free  Coupon 


Put  your  name  and  address 
send  it  to  us  today.  Lei 
V  free  ten  -  day  offer  —  a  fr 
greatest  farm  machine— 

N®||V  one-tenth  of  the  things  there  are  to  tell  about  this  magnificent  machine 


Name 


161 W.  Harrison  St.,  Chicago 


Address 


Harman  Supply  Co 


Department 

3585 


No  Letter  Necessary*  This  Coupon  Will  Do, 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4101. 


NEW  YORK,  JUNE  3,  1911. 


WEEKLY.  $1.00  PER  YEAR 


THE  STUDENT  LABOR  PROBLEM. 

A  Statement  From  Dr.  L.  H.  Bailey. 

Part  II. 

It  is  strange  that  anyone  should  expect  all  students 
from  a  college  of  agriculture  to  be  expert  practical 
farmers  when  we  do  not  expect  similar  experience  from 
students  of  other  institutions.  We  do  not  expect  a 
graduate  of  a  college  of  law  to  be  competent  to  handle 
a  case  until  he  has  read  law  and  has  been  regularly 
admitted  to  the  bar;  or  a  graduate  of  a  college  of 
medicine  to  be  a  competent  physician  until  he  has  had 
his  hospital  training;  or  a  graduate  of  a  college  of 
architecture  to  be  able  to  plan  and  construct  an  im¬ 
portant  building  until  after  he  has  had  his  experience 
in  an  architect’s  office ;  or  a  student  from  a  course  in 
landscape  gardening  to  be  able  to  plan  and  develop  a 
large  estate  until  he  has  had  actual  experience  in  the 
practicing  landscape  architect’s  office ;  or  a  student  of 
an  engineering  college  to  be  able  to  engage  in  large 
engineering  enterprises 
until  after  he  has  had 

practice  with  a  construc¬ 
tion  firm.  Most  of  the 
students  of  the  colleges 
of  agriculture  have  had 
practical  farm  training 
before  they  have  come 
to  college,  and  many  of 
these  students  may  make 
at  once  the  very  best 
farm  men ;  but  the  stu¬ 
dent  who  has  not  had 

such  training  must  ex¬ 

pect  to  secure  it  either 
after  he  leaves  the  col¬ 
lege  or  else  by  dropping 
out  of  college  one  or 
two  years  in  his  course. 

The  place  to  secure  real 
farm  training  is  on  a 
real  farm ;  and  this 
means  a  farmer’s  farm. 

In  these  remarks  I  am 
speaking  of  institutions 
of  college  and  university 
grade.  They  will  apply 
in  the  main  even  to 
training  -  schools  and 
trade  -  schools,  although 
to  a  less  extent  than  I 
have  applied  them  here. 

Some  of  these  schools 
are  designed  to  give  much  work  and  training  in 
manual  and  handicraft  and  apprenticeship  skill,  and 
they  are  not  confronted  with  the  problem  of  provid¬ 
ing  work  of  college  standing,  that  shall  be  comparable 
in  educational  value  with  other  colleges.  The  training- 
schools  and  trade-schools  may  devote  more  time  to 
hand  work ;  but  even  so,  it  will  be  very  difficult  for 
them  to  train  any  number  of  pupils  in  actual  farming. 
Persons  cannot  be  trained  in  farm  work  in  the  ways 
in  which  they  are  trained  in  shop  work. 

Before  closing  this  part  of  my  discussion,  I  should 
call  attention  again  to  the  fact  that  it  is  not  the 
function  of  the  colleges  of  agriculture  to  make  farmers. 
It  is  their  function  to  educate  students  by  means  of 
farming  and  country-life  subjects.  What  occupation 
the  students  follow  in  later  life,  is  not  primarily  the 
responsibility  of  the  institution.  It  is  to  be  expected, 
of  course,  that  the  larger  part  of  the  students  from 
these  institutions  will  make  farmers  or  will  be  very 
closely  associated  with  agricultural  pursuits ;  but  no 
one  has  a  right  to  expect  that  just  because  a  student 
has  gone  from  a  college  oi  agriculture  that,  therefore, 


he  should  be  a  farmer,  or  that  he  should  know  all 
about  agricultural  subjects.  Wholly  aside  from  the 
obligation  of  the  college  itself,  also,  it  is  essential 
that  agriculturally  educated  young  men  and  women 
engage  in  many  pursuits  in  life,  for  we  need  the  in¬ 
fluence  of  such  men  and  women  in  all  walks  if  we 
are  to  make  a  fundamental  re-direction  of  rural  civili¬ 
zation. 

It  is  really  remarkable  that  the  number  of  young 
men  who  have  gone  from  the  colleges  of  agriculture  to 
the  farms,  should  be  so  large  as  it  is,  considering  the 
great  opportunities  in  the  commercial  world  and  the 
call  for  men  in  the  teaching  and  experimenting  institu¬ 
tions.  It  is  probable  that  the  proportion  of  students 
from  the  agricultural  colleges  who  now  engage  in  agri¬ 
cultural  pursuits  is  greater  than  that  of  students  of 
colleges  of  law  or  other  professional  colleges  who  fol¬ 
low  the  profession  or  occupation  for  which  the  college 
stands.  The  statistics  of  one  of  our  leading  colleges 


of  agriculture  show  that  above  65  per  cent,  of  its 
students  have  gone  directly  into  agricultural,  horticul¬ 
tural,  and  dairy  work,  and  that  about  18  per  cent  have 
become  teachers  and  officers  in  departments  of  agricul¬ 
ture,  agricultural  colleges,  and  experiment  stations, 
making  a  total  of  about  83  per  cent,  that  are  at  present 
engaged  in  agricultural  work  of  one  kind  or  another. 
This  is  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  a  good  many  of  the 
students  are  still  young  and  are  obliged  to  engage  in 
other  occupations  until  they  can  secure  means  to  pur¬ 
chase  a  farm,  and  that  some  of  them  are  women  who 
are  now  home-keepers  and  teachers.  The  tendency 
of  students  to  go  to  the  farm  is  now  greatly  increasing, 
and  the  figures  of  former  years  may  not  apply  in  the 
future.  The  whole  situation  is  rapidly  changing. 
Probably  no  agencies  are  now  so  effectively  stimulat¬ 
ing  a  love  for  farm  life  as  are  the  colleges  of  agri¬ 
culture. 

THE  OBLIGATION  OF  THE  FARMER.— The 
farmer,  as  well  as  the  colleges,  carries  a  natural  re¬ 
sponsibility  toward  the  development  of  a  better  agricul¬ 
tural  civilization.  Merely  to  be  a  good  farmer  is  not 


a  sufficient  object  in  life:  Even  though  we  develop 
ideal  schools  and  colleges  in  which  agricultural  train¬ 
ing  and  education  have  an  important  part,  the  farmer 
himself  will  still  carry  the  obligation  to  aid  in  the  pro¬ 
cess  of  education. 

If  the  college  of  agriculture  supplies  the  student 
with  the  principles  and  theory,  with  accurate 
knowledge,  with  the  outlook  and  the  will,  with  the 
trained  intelligence,  and  with  manual  skill  in  a  good 
number  of  special  operations,  it  is  equally  the  duty  of 
the  farmers  of  the  country  to  provide  the  means  of 
supplying  the  necessary  actual  farm  practice  that  is 
required  to  make  the  rising  generation  to  be  effective 
countrymen.  There  are  some  things  that  a  student 
should  know  before  he  ever  goes  to  college.  If  he 
is  a  farm  boy  he  ought  to  know  how  to  harness  a 
horse,  to  plow,  to  plant,  to  harvest,  and  to  perform 
all  the  customary  operations  of  the  farm.  The  farmer 
cannot  delegate  the  responsibility  of  training  his  sons 

in  these  arts.  After 
such  a  young  man  has 
completed  his  college 
course,  he  ought  to  be 
able  to  go  directly  back 
to  the  farm  and  execute 
a  great  deal  of  what  he 
has  learned.  If  he  is 
obliged  to  seek  work,  he 
should  5e  able  to  find  it 
on  any  good  farm  that 
is  in  need  of  labor.  If 
the  student  is  not  farm- 
reared,  he  must  then 
secure  his  actual  farm 
practice  by  working  on 
a  farm  for  a  year  more 
or  less.  It  would  be 
much  better  for  him  if 
he  were  to  have  this 
practical  farm  experience 
before  he  ever  goes  to 
college.  It  is  necessary 
that  he  not  only  have 
knowledge  and  skill  in 
the  farm  operations,  but 
he  should  also  be  fully 
informed  of  the  rural 
mind.  If  he  does  not 
secure  the  farm  training 
before  he  goes  to  col¬ 
lege,  then  he  must  get  it 
after  he  graduates  and 
before  he  takes  up  a  farm  of  his  own  or  before  he 
expects  to  become  a  manager  of  a  farm.  In  some 
cases,  students  drop  out  for  a  year  during  the  course 
and  secure  their  experience;  this  is  often  a  better 
practice  than  to  leave  the  farm  training  until  after 
the  end  of  the  course.  Some  students  get  their  farm 
practice  by  spending  their  Summer  vacations  in  this 
work,  but  this  ordinarily  does  not  produce  the  best 
results,  although  there  are  some  city  boys  so  apt  and 
industrious  and  adaptable  as  to  enable  them  to  get 
the  practical  side  by  means  of  vacation  work. 

It  is  to  be  expected  that  some  students  will  be  more 
industrious  than  others.  Some  will  understand  very 
little  about  country-life  conditions  and  others  will  b? 
well  informed.  Some  will  be  adaptable  and  some  will 
not.  It  is,  therefore,  to  be  expected  that  the  students 
who  are  seeking  work  on  farms  will  be  of  all  kinds. 
Some  of  them  will  earn  good  wages  at  once,  and  some 
of  them  will  earn  nothing.  Yet  I  find  that  some 
farmers  expect  that  a  graduate  of  a  college  of  agricul¬ 
ture,  one  who  has  not  been  accustomed  to  hard  physical 
labor  for  some  time,  will  be  able  to  “hold  his  own”  on 


AN  EARLY  START  IN  STUDYING  PRACTICAL  AGRICULTURE.  Fig.  223. 


642 


June  3, 


the  first  day  that  he  goes  to  the  farm;  and  I  think 
that  a  few  farmers  are  ready  to  give  such  a  student 
the  most  difficult  row  to  hoe. 

I  have  said  that  the  farmers  of  the  country  cannot 
escape  their  responsibility  in  the  education  of  the 
rising  generation  of  persons  who  are  to  be  farmers. 

I  mean  exactly  what  I  say.  The  colleges  of  agriculture 
alone  cannot  handle  the  situation.  Every  good  farm 
is  not  only  an  object-lesson,  but  it  ought  to  contribute 
something  toward  the  advanced  training  of  at  least 
one  young  man  in  agricultural  lines.  We  must  have 
enough  farmers  with  public  spirit  to  provide  the  farm¬ 
training  that  the  educated  man  must  have;  and  the 
farmer  must  feel  that  he  is  under  responsibility  to 
cooperate  with  the  colleges  and  schools  to  help  the 
student.  I  do  not  mean  that  he  shall  be  a  philanthro¬ 
pist  in  the  ordinary  sense,  but  he  must  recognize  the 
fact  that  even  though  a  student  may  not  be  skilled  in 
every  particular  and  may  not  earn  much  wages,  he  is 
bound  to  help  such  student,  if  he  takes  him,  to  the 
best  of  his  ability.  This  will  do  much  for  the  farmer 
as  well  as  for  the  student. 

In  parts  of  the  Old  World  fanners  take  students 
as  apprentices,  the  student  paying  the  farmer  what  it 
is  worth  for  the  privilege  and  for  his  counsel  and  di¬ 
rection.  I  wish  that  such  a  practice  were  developed 
in  this  country  for  those  persons  who  are  wholly  un¬ 
familiar  with  farming  operations,  and  who  want  to 
do  the  actual  work.  But  I  also  wish  that  farmers 
were  more  ready  to  take  one  or  two  students,  when 
they  are  able  to  do  so,  and  to  give  them  counsel  and 
advice  and  to  help  them  to  learn  the  business,  and 
then  pay  the  student  what  he  earns.  A  good  many  of 
the  students  will  earn  a  man’s  wages  at  once;  but  it  is 
not  right  to  expect  that  a  student  should  be  compelled 
to  work  only  as  an  ordinary  farm  hand  with  no  help 
or  sympathy  or  instruction  from  the  farmer  himself. 
I  would  not  have  any  farmer  take  a  student  until  he 
feels  that  he  is  able  to  do  so ;  but  I  want  to  make  an 
appeal  to  the  farmers  of  New  York  State  to  help  the 
College  of  Agriculture  to  train  its  men. 

Dean,  N.  Y.,  Agricultural  College.  L.  H.  bailey. 

(To  he  continued.) 

NEW  BERRY  CULTURE. 

Tying  Up  the  Canes. 

Part  II. 

Being  tied  the  berries  are  much  more  easily  picked. 
We  hire  girls  almost  exclusively,  and  they  are  always 
anxious  to  get  at  the  blackberries,  which  is  quite  dif¬ 
ferent  from  some  reports  we  get.  We  cultivate  right 
through  the  picking  season,  and  aim  to  stir  up  the  sur¬ 
face  after  each  picking.  When  the  berries  begin  to 
ripen  we  have  about  six  feet  of  new  cane  on  the  red§ 
and  seven  or  eight  feet  on  the  blackberries.  With 
this  new  growth  to  support,  as  well  as  the  bearing 
canes,  and  the  fruit  to  mature  and  ripen,  all  in  the 
hottest,  driest  time  of  the  year,  the  plant  needs  every 
bit  of  moisture  we  can  save.  The  pickers  tramp  the 
ground  so  thoroughly  that,  especially  when  we  pick 
after  a  shower,  it  leaves  the  surface  in  the  best  pos¬ 
sible  condition  to  dry  out  rapidly.  Neglect  of  culti¬ 
vation  at  this  time  places  an  excessive  strain  on  the 
plant  and  shortens  its  life  as  well  as  the  current 
year’s  fruit  crop.  M.any  think  they  get  all  their  red 
raspberries  to  ripen  when  if  they  would  observe  closely 
they  would  find  that  they  are  getting  little  more  than 
half  the  crop.  When  they  begin  to  suffer  from  lack 
of  moisture  the  later  blossoms  do  not  set  fruit  at 
all,  and  thousands  of  berries  that  are  well  started  die 
and  dry  up,  while  the  plant  will  mature  and  ripen 
those  that  are  nearly  full  grown  in  pretty  good  con¬ 
dition.  The  blackberries  act  quite  differently.  They 
will  ripen  most  of  the  crop,  but  toward  the  last  they 
become  very  small,  hard  and  seedy.  Thorough  culti¬ 
vation  will  correct  these  conditions.  After  the  second 
year  the  best  buds  on  the  blackberries  are  on  the  upper 
part  of  the  cane,  and  they  are  bent  down  and  tied 
with  short  strings,  which  is  slower  than  the  other 
method.  We  are  experimenting  this  year  to  see  if  it  is 
possible  to  get  a  full  crop  by  cutting  them  off  the 
same  as  the  reds,  but  it  does  not  seem  right  to  throw 
away  the  best  buds  we  have.  If  cut  back  while  grow¬ 
ing  they  will  branch  out  so  vigorously  as  to  interfere 
seriously  both  with  the  cultivation  and  the  picking. 
We  get  a  stronger  plant  by  letting  the  new  shoots  go 
straight  up  above  the  bearing  canes,  and  they  are  out 
of  the  way.  They  get  the  full  benefit  of  the  sun  and 
the  fruiting  canes  seem  to  do  just  as  well  if  slightly 
shaded.  We  try  to  have  the  crop  distributed  as  evenly 
as  possible  from  within  a  foot  of  the  ground  to  as 
high  as  a  12  or  14-year-old  boy  or  girl  can  reach.  It 
is  surprising  to  see  how  those  closely  trimmed  rows 
will  widen  out  when  the  fruit  spurs  grow.  By  the 
time  they  are  in  full  bloom  there  is  just  room  enough 
to  work  a  single  horse  nicely,  and  little  more  than 
enough  for  convenience  in  picking. 

We  know  of  experienced  berry  growers  who  are 


THE  RURAL  IM  EL  W  -YORK  EH 

plowing  up  their  patches  when  four  years  old.  They 
get  one  good  crop  and  two  small  ones  for  four  years’ 
work.  When  the  third  crop  is  picked  the  plants  are 
so  exhausted  as  to  be  considered  worthless,  when  they 
should  still  be  improving.  This  new  system  has  not 
been  tested  long  enough  here  to  speak  definitely,  but 
we  expect  eight  or  10  crops  at  least,  possibly  more. 
There  are  patches  in  western  Washington  that  have 
been  cropping  from  15  to  17  years,  and  are  still  vig¬ 
orous.  When  it  is  decided  to  let  the  old  patch  go,  the 
cultivation  should  be  kept  up  to  the  last,  keeping  down 
all  new  growth  the  last  season,  that  all  the  strength 
of  the  plant  may  be  used  to  produce  fruit.  A  crop  of 


A  TOOL  FOR  COVERING  POTATOES.  Fig.  224. 

this  kind  is  a  sight  to  make  a  berry  picker  smile. 
Then  when  the  crop  is  off  remove  the  old  canes  and 
plow  at  once;  keep  harrowed  for  about  six  weeks, 
then  seed  to  rye  to  be  plowed  under  next  Spring  and 
there  will  be  very  little  fighting  sprouts  to  do. 

Mercer  Co.,  Pa.  b.  v.  Egbert. 

(To  he  continued.) 

VETCH  WILL  STAY  PUT. 

I  would  like  to  get  mixed  rye  and  vetch  seed  from 
some  of  your  readers.  I  have  tried  vetch,  and  it  does 
well  on  my  poor  land,  where  it  is  hard  and  uncertain 
to  get  a  stand  of  Crimson  clover.  My  cattle  are  very 
fond  of  vetch,  and  it  is  fine  as  a  milk  producer.  It  seems 
to  me  that  it  would  be  a  bad  thing  to  get  started  on  a 
grain  farm.  I  prepared  an  acre  for  Alfalfa  five  years  ago 
by  first  sowing  to  vetch  the  Fall  before.  I  cut  the  vetch 
for  hay,  but  some  of  it  had  made  seed  before  I  cut 
it.  As  soon  as  it  was  cut  I  plowed  for  Alfalfa,  of 
which  I  had  a  good  stand.  Every  year  there  was 


HOW  DIFFERENT  VARIETIES  GROW.  Fig.  225. 

vetch  in  the  Alfalfa.  The  Alfalfa  stood  three  years.  I 
plowed  it  last  year  and  planted  potatoes.  As  soon  as 
the  potatoes  were  out  I  put  on  more  lime,  disked  and 
harrowed  many  times  until  in  September,  and  sowed 
again  to  Alfalfa.  In  spite  of  the  fearful  drought 
that  killed  all  my  Crimson  clover,  about  40  acres,  the 
Alfalfa  held  on,  and  is  a  magnificent  stand  this  Spring. 
But  the  vetch  is  there  too,  from  that  one  accidental 
seeding  five  years  ago.  Three  years  ago  I  sowed  rye 
and  vetch  on  eight  acres  after  corn.  I  sowed  clover 
in  the  rye  the  next  Spring.  The  vetch  is  there  this 
Spring.  I  do  not  care,  however,  as  I  am  running  a 
dairy,  but  it  would  be  bad  with  grain  farming. 

Virginia.  A.  F.  K. 


A  GOOD  PLYMOUTH  ROCK. 

The  picture  at  Fig.  227  shows  a  fine  White  Plymouth 
Rock  owned  by  Mrs.  Greene,  wife  of  our  contributor, 
C.  S.  Greene.  This  bird  is  pretty  nearly  right.  Mrs. 
Greene  has  several  pens  of  Rocks  that  would  be  hard 
to  beat.  The  income  from  one  of  these  pens  would 
make  the  average  cow’s  record  look  as  if  some  one 
with  strong  arm  and  good  aim  had  been  throwing 
rocks  at  it.  That  would  not  be  the  fault  of  the  cow, 
but  because  the  hens  are  located  where  their  eggs  will 
bring  good  prices.  Purebred  poultry  offers  a  good 
chance  for  many  careful  women. 


SOME  REMARKABLE  DAIRY  COWS. 

You  have  been  requesting  statements  of  income  and 
expense  accounts  for  dairy  and  other  farms.  Below  is 
one  sent  to  the  Syracuse  Post-Standard  which  I  would 
like  you  and  your  readers  to  critize.  Does  it  not  rank 
with  those  stories  from  the  Michigan  potato  diggers? 
If  this  account  is  correct  then  our  farmers  must  be  a 
long  way  behind  the  times,  for  I  find  very  few,  in 
fact,  I  have  run  across  only  one  in  this  district,  who 
claims  more  than  $100  net  income  per  cow,  per  year, 
where  milk  is  sold  at  wholesale  rates. 


Fulton,  N.  Y. 


P.  G. 


By  permission  of  F.  D.  Kershaw  I  am  permitted  to  send 
you  the  product  of  milk  produced  and  income  received 
from  his  dairy  of  20  high-grade  Ilolsteins,  five  of  which 
are  two-year-olds  and  the  balance  from  five  to  12  years, 
for  the  year  ending  December  31,  1010.  The  statement 


is  a  remarkable  one,  and  demonstrates  what  an  income 
a  well-bred  dairy,  properly  fed  and  cared  for,  will  bring 
to  the  owner.  The  feed  from  the  closing  in  about  No¬ 
vember  1  to  the  coming  of  grass  the  following  Spring 
consisted  of  silage  and  Alfalfa,  with  from  six  to  10 
pounds  to  each  cow  daily  of  about  equal 'parts  of  ground 
oats,  barley  and  distillery  grains.  Mr.  Kershaw  deliv¬ 
ered  his  milk,  except  the  necessary  amount  for  family 
use  and  3,680  quarts  separated  and  fed  calves,  for  which 
he  received  an  average  price  for  the  year  of  about  3  1-6 
cents  per  quart. 


Statement  in  Detail. 

Delivered 
at  station. 

92,000  qts . 

1,095  qts.  family  use . 

730  qts.  hired  man  . 

3,680  qts.  separated  for  calves . 


Checks 
for  same. 
82,909.11 
34.60 
29.06 
141.90 


97,565  qts.  milk  produced  . . . 

Twenty  calves  sold 


83,114.67 

75.30 


Gross  proceeds  . $3,189.97 

Average  per  cow .  159.49 


Yield  of  milk  per  cow,  10,360  pounds. 

MARSHALL  R.  DYER. 


R.N.-Y.— We  have  asked  Mr.  Dyer  and  through 
him  Mr.  Kershaw  for  further  details  regarding  these 
cows,  but  thus  far  have  not  received  the  figures. 


ROCK  DUST  AS  FERTILIZER. 

If  you  have  read  the  book  “Bread  From  Stone,”  I 
would  like  your  opinion  in  regard  to  the  use  of  stonedust 
and  how  one  could  obtain  it.  We  have  stone  crushers 
nearby  and  can  secure  any  qui  ntity  of  fine  screenings. 
Would  this  take  the  place  of  potash  and  bone  for  garden 
truck  and  peach  trees  two  or  three  years  old  and  small 
trees  just  planted?  M-  K-  D- 

North  Baltimore,  O. 

The  book  seemed  to  us  a  nice  theory,  but  not  of 
practical  importance.  We  would  not  advise  you  to 
depend  on  stone  dust  for  fei  tilizers.  Crushed  lime¬ 
stone  is  no  doubt  a  valuable  dressing  for  most  soils, 
but  it  does  not  follow  that  because  limestone  will  give 
results,  dust  from  other  and  harder  rocks  will  take  the 
place  of  fertilizers.  Nothing  will  take  the  place  of 
potash  and  bone  unless  it  contains  potash  and  phos¬ 
phoric  acid  in  available  form.  The  potash  and  the 
bone  will  feed  the  plant  from  the  start,  while  the  rock 
dust  is  nearly  all  insoluble.  There  are  several  kinds 
of  granite  which  contain  five  per  cent  or  more  of 
potash,  hut  they  must  be  made  available  before  plants 
can  use  this  potash.  Prof.  L.  A.  Cushman  has  devised 
a  method  for  doing  this,  and  has  given  the  patent  to 
the  people.  Under  his  plan  the  granite  is  ground  fine 
and  then  while  wet  subjected  to  a  strong  electric  cur¬ 
rent.  This  makes  all  or  part  of  the  potash  available, 
especially  when  acid  is  used  with  the  rock  dust.  The 
Government  ought  to  push  this  experiment  hard.  One 
argument  for  stone  dust  is  the  claim  that  old  country 
roads  when  broken  up  and  planted  give  supeiior 
crops.  So  they  do.  We  have  seen  an  old  field  plowed 
and  planted  after  many  years  of  idleness.  You  could 
readily  tell  where  an  old  country  road  had  run  by  a 
strip  of  superior  corn  or  potatoes.  The  “stone  dust  ’ 
people  claim  that  this  was  because  the  soil  in  the  old 
road  was  crushed  fine.  That  is  not  the  only  reason. 
Considerable  manure  was  dropped  by  passing  teams, 
and  the  action  of  the  wheels  was  much  like  harrow¬ 
ing  or  cultivating.  We  all  know  what  culture  will  do 
for  a  soil.  It  is  also  true  that  coal  ashes  will  often 
make  a  soil  respond  with  an  increased  crop — yet  the 
coal  ashes  contain  practically  no  plant  food.  1  hey 
help  the  soil  by  improving  its  mechanical  condition 
just  as  sand  may  help  a  clay,  or  muck. from  a  swamp 
help  a  sandy  soil.  The  stone  dust  may  act  in  like 
manner,  but  it  cannot  take  the  place  of  potash  and 
bone  in  a  peach  orchard. 


1811. 

THE  CIDER  TRAP  FOR  CODLING  MOTH. 

On  page  45S  G.  W.  Herrick  said  that  it  was  unfortu¬ 
nate  for  this  theory  that  the  Codling  moth  prefers 
sweetened  material,  such  as  syrup  and  nectar  of  flowers.  I 
think  I  have  come  as  near  living  in  the  orchard  for  the 
last  25  years  as  any  man  in  the  country,  and  I  never  saw 
a  Codling  moth  on  the  wing  taking  nectar  from  flowers  in 
the  daytime ;  and  I  do  not  think  anyone  else  ever  did.  If 
you  ever  see  Codling  moth  on  the  wing  in  the  daytime,  it 
is  when  you  scare  one  from  their  hiding  place,  and  then 
they  are  off,  and  hidden  again.  lie  says  that  there  are 
hundreds  of  small  moths  flying  at  night  that  resemble 
Codling  moth.  I  think  that  is  a  theory,  for  the  Codling 
moth  is  different  from  all  other  kinds  of  moths.  The 
Codling  moth  is  gray  in  color,  flecked  with  darker  dots 
and  bars ;  there  is  a  copper  colored  spot  on  the  end  of  its 
wings,  which  will  always  enable  anyone  to  distinguish 
it  from  any  other  moth.  Apples  are  the  Codling  moth’s 
natural  food ;  the  moth  takes  to  the  apple  juice  the 
same  as  it  did  to  the  apple  pulp  in  its  larva  state.  I 
would  like  to  have  Prof.  Herrick  give  us  the  life  and 
characteristics  of  the  Codling  moth. 

Kansas.  pekry  nixox. 

I  am  aware  that  it  is  quite  true  that  Codling  moths 
are  not  generally  seen  during  the  day. 

They  rest  on  the  foliage  of  the  trees, 
and  take  flight  when  disturbed,  but  soon 
settle  again  in  some  secluded  place.  It 
has  been  shown,  however,  that  the  Cod¬ 
ling  moth  lays  most  of  its  eggs  in  the 
“late  afternoon  or  early  evening.”  This 
would  indicate  considerable  activity 
during  the  late  afternoon  and  early 
evening.  But  this  habit  of  flying  after 
sundown  would  not  prevent  the  moths 
from  visiting  flowers  at  night,  or  from 
feeding  on  other  materials  at  night.  In 
fact,  if  they  feed  upon  the  cider  in  the 
pans  or  on  the  sweet  juice  of  ripe 
apples,  they  probably  do  so  largely  at 
night.  It  is  a  common  thing  to  see  cer¬ 
tain  moths  about  honeysuckles,  after  the 
day  is  done  and  dusk  has  come,  sucking 
up  the  nectar  with  their  long  probosces. 

It  is  quite  probable  that  night-flying 
moths  procure  what  little  food  they  eat 
during  the  night,  and  very  likely  the 
Codling  moth  does  the  same.  The  im¬ 
portant  point  is,  however,  that,  so  far 
as  any  one  knows,  the  Codling  moth 
eats  very  little  food.  It  lives  for  a  few 
days,  not  to  eat,  but  evidently  only  for 
the  purpose  of  laying  its  eggs  to  pro¬ 
vide  for  another  generation  of  larvae  to 
insure  its  existence  on  the  earth.  The 
results  of  all  the  experiments  for  bait¬ 
ing  and  trapping  the  moths  show  that 
they  care  so  little  for  food  that  it  has 
not  been  possible  to  attract  them  to 
food-baits  in  sufficient  numbers  to  pay 
for  the  expense  of  setting  the  traps  in 
the  orchard  as  described. 

Mr.  C.  B.  Simpson,  special  investi¬ 
gator  for  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Ento¬ 
mology,  who  has  investigated  this  sub¬ 
ject  for  years,  and  has  written  a  most 
exhaustive  report  on  the  Codling  moth 
(Bulletin  No.  41,  U.  S.  Department  of 
Agriculture,  Bureau  of  Entomology), 
has  this  to  say  regarding  traps  and  baits 
for  this  insect :  “It  is  also  the  practice 
to  some  extent  to  put  cans  or  bottles 
containing  molasses,  cider,  vinegar,  or 
some  other  substance  of  similar  nature 
in  the  orchard,  and  upon  finding  that 
insects  are  attracted  to  these  compounds 
and  killed,  many  fruit  growers  think 
this  is  a  good  remedy  for  the  Codling 
moth.  The  results  of  many  careful  ex¬ 
periments  show  that  only  incidental  cap¬ 
tures  of  the  Codling  moth  are  made.  With  both  these 
last  two  practices — that  is,  trap  lanterns  and  baiting 
the  moths — the  greatest  trouble  has  been  that  the  fruit 
growers  are  not  acquainted  with  the  Codling  moth  in 
its  early  stages.  Any  fruit  grower  can  breed  moths 
for  himself,  and  by  comparing  his  catch  can  very 
easily  satisfy  himself.” 

Personally,  I  am  open  to  conviction  on  the  point  of 
the  cider  pans  and  crocks  as  traps  for  the  Codling 
moth.  It  is  true  that  these  moths  have  been  occasion¬ 
ally  seen  to  apparently  feed  upon  sweet  cider  from 
very  ripe  apples.  If  the  writer  of  the  foregoing  letter 
will  send  me  some  of  the  moths  that  he  catches  in 
the  pans,  I  would  be  very  glad  to  examine  them  and 
determine  just  what  they  are  if  possible.  I  hope  the 
Codling  moth  can  be  caught  in  numbers  in  just  this 
way  before  they  get  an  opportunity  to  lay  their  eggs. 
It  will  soon  be  time  for  the  trees  to  bloom,  and  Mr. 
Nixon  can  show  us  what  his  traps  will  do — just  how 
many  Codling  moths  he  catches  each  night  in  each 
pan.  His  description  of  the  Codling  moth  leads  me 
to  believe  that  he  knows  it  when  he  sees  it,  and  leads 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

me  to  take  a  deep  interest  in  his  method  of  catching 
the  moths.  It  is  surely  a  thing  that  can  easily  be 
demonstrated  one  way  or  the  other.  I  will  gladly  ex¬ 
amine  the  moths  that  are  caught  in  the  pans,  or  let 
some  one  else  examine  them  and  make  a  report. 

GLENN  W.  HERRICK. 


A  SMALL  SUMMER  SILO. 

The  proposition  of  a  large  Summer  silo  and  a  herd 
of  cows,  is  an  easy  one  to  solve,  but  with  a  five-cow 
dairy  it  is  more  difficult  to  adjust.  As  silage  and 
silos  are  better  understood,  it  is  fair  to  presume  that 
with  what  has  been  accomplished,  the  matter  will 
soon  be  in  a  practical  shape.  First,  Summer  silage 
must  be  made  of  pretty  close  to  mature  fodder.  It 
should  be  about  right  to  go  into  the  shock,  like  field 
corn  for  husking.  It  should  be  cut  very  fine,  so  as  to 
settle  and  pack  solid,  so  that  in  the  heating  process 
the  air  is  all  expelled.  Especially  for  Summer  silage, 
it  must  be  well  mixed  and  distributed,  so  as  not  to  be 


“bunchy”  either  with  leaves,  grain  or  stalks.  With  a 
few  head  of  cattle  the  silo  must  be  small.  For  the 
man  who  feeds  200  pounds  per  day,  one  six  feet  in 
diameter  would  be  large  enough.  The  feeding  would 
settle  the  pit  at  least  two  inches  a  day.  If  I  were  he 
I  would  have  in  addition  to  the  cows,  a  bunch  of 
small  steers,  or  some  heifers,  and  fatten  for  the 
butcher  at  the  same  time,  and  use  a  larger  silo.  My 
own  practice  is  not  to  sell  “dry”  cows  in  the  Fall,  but 
feed  them  liberally  on  well-eared  silage  until  March, 
feeding  no  additional  grain — silage  and  clover  hay,  and 
sell  for  beef,  at  a  fine  profit. 

With  the  small  silo  fermenting  of  the  top  layer  of 
silage  can  be  held  in  check  by  sprinkling  over  the 
surface  of  the  silo  after  feeding  a  pail  of  water,  pos¬ 
sibly  two,  using  a  garden  sprinkler.  Another  way  is 
to  cut  down  the  silage,  feeding  from  a  half  only,  put¬ 
ting  some  wet  chaff  or  orts  on  the  unused  half.  When 
down  four  feet,  change  sides  and  feed  from  that 
side.  The  silage  along  the  perpendicular  cut  side 
will  not  damage  appreciably  if  care  is  taken  not  to 
loosen  up  this  side  wall.  I  had  very  good  luck  one 


643 

Summer  by  feeding  from  the  whole  surface,  using  an 
old  tarpaulin  to  cover  the  silage.  This  kept  the  air 
from  it.  If  the  top  of  the  silo  is  covered  closely, 
leaving  the  side  doors  only  open,  half  of  the  “battle” 
will  be  won  in  advance.  The  real  solution  is  to  keep 
a  few  head  more  stock,  use  a  little  larger  silo,  and 
when  you  are  in  doubt  about  anything,  write  to  The 
R.  N.-Y.  JOHN  GOULD. 

Ohio. 


SOME  FACTS  ABOUT  POTATOES. 

The  Colorado  Experiment  Station  has  issued  Bul¬ 
letin  175,  entitled  “The  Potato  Industry.”  This  is 
one  of  the  best  pamphlets  on  potato  growing  that 
has  yet  been  issued,  as  it  gives  many  interesting 
things  not  found  in  the  ordinary  potato  books.  This 
week  we  are  interested  in  what  is  brought  out  re¬ 
garding  the  botany  of  the  potato.  Most  of  us  know 
that  the  potato  is  closely  related  to  the  tobacco,  to¬ 
mato  and  to  the  nightshade  and  egg  plant.  Many  of 
our  readers  still  come  asking  questions 
which  show  that  they  consider  the  tuber 
of  the  potato  as  a  root.  Botanically 
the  potato  is  a  tuber  or  an  enlargement 
of  a  stem  or  branch,  normally  under¬ 
ground,  but  sometimes  above.  The  tuber 
which  we  eat  has  no  connection  with  the 
root  system  of  the  plant,  and  when  this 
is  considered  we  may  see  how  spraying 
the  vine  of  the  plant  above  ground  may 
affect  the  growth  of  the  tuber.  As  is 
well  known,  the  tubers  vary  greatly  in 
shape  and  in  their  habit  of  growth  be¬ 
low  ground.  Some,  like  Rural  New- 
Yorker  No.  2,  go  deeply  into  the  ground, 
and  are  of  a  round  or  chunky  shape; 
others  spread  out  near  the  surface  and 
vary  greatly  in  length.  Most  of  us  have 
observed  that  the  thick  and  chunky 
tubers  arc  more  likely  to  have  a  hollow 
heart  or  a  black  spot  in  the  center  than 
the  long  and  slim  potato.  We  also 
know  how  the  tubers  vary  in  the 
arrangement  and  strength’  of  their  buds 
or  eyes.  Potatoes  of  the  Rural  New- 
Yorker  type  have  most  of  the  strong 
eyes  grouped  at  one  end,  so  that  when 
the  tubers  are  cut  for  seed  it  is  neces¬ 
sary  to  cut  down  lengthwise  of  the 
tuber  in  order  to  give  a  strong  eye  or 
bud  to  each  piece.  On  the  other  hand, 
the  long  slim  type  of  tuber  carries 
strong  eyes  or  buds  all  over,  and  such 
tubers  may  be  cut  in  a  different  way, 
making  much  more  seed  than  tubers  of 
the  round  or  chunky  type. 

Potatoes  vary  greatly  in  the  way  the 
tubers  develop  in  the  soil.  At  Fig.  . . . 
may  be  found  three  types  of  growth. 
The  Rural  type  at  the  top  spreads,  a 
little  away  from  the  bottom  of  the  stem, 
and  yet  is  crowded  closely  around  it, 
forming  deeply  into  the  soil.  The  Pearl 
type  shown  at  the  bottom  is  clustered 
closely  around  the  stem,  not  so  deep  in 
the  ground,  but  easily  dug  with  a  single 
turn  of  a  fork,  as  they  are  crowded 
closely  around  the  old  seed  piece.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  Peachblow  type,  as 
shown  in  the  center,  spreads  or  sprawls 
the  potatoes  in  all  directions,  with  long 
underground  stems,  frequently  making 
two  or  three  tubers  on  the  same  stem 
at  one  time.  We  grew  the  Rural  Blush, 
which  is  of  the  Peachblow  type.  We 
found  this  probably  the  best  quality  of 
potato  in  existence.  It  kept  well,  was  dry  and  full  of 
starch  and  would  always  cook  “mealy.”  It  was  also 
a  fair  yielder,  but  it  requires  about  three  times  as 
much  work  to  dig  the  tubers  as  was  required  for  the 
Rural  New-Yorker,  for  as  shown  in  the  picture  these 
tubers  were  scattered  all  over  the  row.  Many  of 
them  were  quite  badly  injured  by  late  cultivation,  and 
could  not  be  perfectly  dug  by  the  ordinary  potato 
digger.  In  fact  since  potato  diggers  came  into  gen¬ 
eral  use  it  is  a  great  advantage  to  have  a  type  of  po¬ 
tato  which  forms  its  tubers  close  together,  so  that  the 
nose  of  the  digger  may  easily  get  under  them  and  lift 
them  out.  There  are  many  other  points  in  this  bulleti 
which  may  well  be  brought  out,  and  we  shall  discuss 
them  later.  Just  now  we  call  attention  to  the  peculiar 
looking  tool  shown  at  Fig.  224.  This  is  a  ditcher  with 
side  wings  used  to  cover  small  potato  plants  when 
there  is  danger  of  frost. 

With  a  dry  wind  blowing  and  a  crust  on  the  ground 
you  may  lose  200  barrels  of  water  per  day  from  the  soil. 
You  cannot  afford  it.  Most  of  it  can  be  saved  by  keeping 
the  surface  of  the  soil  stirred  up. 


A  FIELD  OF  MILLET— FULL  GROWTH.  Fig.  226. 


A  WHITE  “ROCK”  THAT  IS  WORTH  WHILE.  Fig.  227. 


644 


THE:  RURAL  NEW- YORKER 


June  3, 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[  Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
name  and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure 
attention.  Before  asking  a  question,  please  see 
whether  it  is  not  answered  in  our  advertising 
columns.  Ask  only  a  few  questions  at  one  time. 
Put  questions  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper.] 


Hayfield  Damaged  by  Fire. 

D.  E.  8.,  Old  Chatham,  N.  Y. — Does  set¬ 
ting  fire  to  a  hayfield  do  much  damage  to 
the  hay  crop,  or  how  does  it  affect  it? 
Could  I  get  damages  from  the  railroad  com¬ 
pany  whose  engines  cause  the  fire? 

Ans. — It  depends  when  the  field  is 
burned.  If  before  the  grass  starts  in 
late  Winter  there  would  not  be  much 
damage.  Some  farmers  purposely  burn 
over  at  that  time  in  order  to  make  a 
clean  surface  for  the  mower.  If  burned 
after  the  young  grass  starts,  there  would 
be  some  damage.  Of  course  there  would 
be  great  damage  in  a  field  of  ripe  grass. 
As  for  damages  the  courts  in  New  York 
hold  that  a  person  whose  property  is 
burned  over  cannot  recover  unless  he 
can  prove  that  the  fire  started  on  his 
land.  The  bill  mentioned  on  page  590  i§ 
designed  to  remedy  this  and  give  a 
property  owner  right  to  recover  when 
the  fire  is  started  by  railroad  operations. 

Spraying  During  the  Rain. 

In  spraying  apple  trees  with  poisons, 
how  much  of  the  effect  is  lost  in  a  shower? 
Suppose  syraying  had  been  going  on 
through  the  day  and  at  night  there  came 
a  heavy  dash  of  rain  for  half  an  hour, 
would  the  poison  be  washed  away? 

In  spraying  we  never  go  back  to  re¬ 
spray  until  we  have  finished  going  over 
it  all  once,  except  we  are  actually  caught 
in  a  shower  while  at  work;  then  we  go 
back  over  the  last  few  trees,  those  that 
were  not  dry  when  it  commenced  to 
rain.  If  spraying  is  done  on  wet  trees 
or  while  it  is  actually  raining,  it  has  the 
same  effect  as  putting  on  a  weaker  mix¬ 
ture,  but  if  the  trees  are  once  thorough¬ 
ly  dry  they  will  not  wash  more  if  dry 
15  minutes  than  if  dry  a  week,  except  in 
the  latter  case  the  calyx  may  have  closed 
when  you  cannot  lose  what  was  in  the 
calyx.  Very  much  more  depends  on  the 
kind  of  poison  used  than  the  length  of 
time  it  has  dried.  If  a  powder  like  Paris 
green  is  used,  this  powder  does  not 
dissolve,  but  simply  suspends.  When  the 
water  has  dried  out  this  is  simply  a  dry 
powder  again,  and  this  powder  easily 
washes  off.  On  the  other  hand  if  a 
paste  like  arsenate  of  lead  is  used  it 
dries  on  like  paint,  and  does  not  easily 
wash  off,  once  it  is  dry.  The  custom 
is  here,  with  those  having  much  spray¬ 
ing,  not  to  stop,  once  they  have  started, 
except  when  it  is  actually  raining,  and 
not  to  turn  back  until  all  has  been  once 
over.  Then  if  there  is  time  those  trees 
that  you  think  may  have  washed  a  little, 
and  have  been  marked,  are  again  gone 
over.  WM.  HOT AUNG. 

Moles  in  Lawn  and  Hotbeds. 

M.  R.  (No  Address). — How  can  I  keep 
the  moles  out  of  a  hotbed  without  the  use 
of  traps? 

Trapping  is  the  best  method  of  ex¬ 
terminating  them,  but  I  notice  M.  R. 
evidently  does  not  want  to  use  traps. 
They  may  be  kept  out  of  hotbeds  and 
cold  frames  by  wiring  the  frames,  sides 
and  bottom,  with  one-fourth-inch  mesh 
galvanized  wire  cloth.  I  have  had  con¬ 
siderable  experience  in  Nebraska  with 
this  method  of  keeping  them  out  of 
hotbeds  and  cold  frames.  If  good  qual¬ 
ity  of  wire  cloth  is  purchased  it  will 
last  several  years.  Raisins  and  small 
pieces  of  meat,  soaked  in  strychnine, 
are  the  best  things  to  use  in  their  run¬ 
ways  on  lawns.  Fumigation  would  not 
trouble  them  any.  j.  w.  gregg. 

Pa.  State  College. 

I  keep  down  the  moles  and  mice  in 
my  garden  by  punching  holes  into  the 
runs  here  and  there  and  pouring  in  each 
a  teaspoonful  of  carbon  bisulphide. 
Then  close  the  hole  and  the  fumes  will 
destroy  them.  The  damage  in  eating 
plant  roots  is  generally  done  by  the 
field  mice  that  make  use  of  the  mole 


runs,  for  the  moles  are  after  worms 
and  crickets.  But  their  hills  do  damage 
too,  and  I  keep  after  them  till  they  are 
getting  scarce  in  my  garden.  I  have 
used  all  sorts  of  traps  and  have  caught 
some,  but  the  carbon  bisulphide  beats 
the  traps  far  away.  w.  f.  massey. 

Outlook  for  Selling  Carp 

M.  P.  IF.,  Mayville,  N.  Y. — There  is  a 
movement  on  to  deplete  the  German  carp 
population  in  Chautauqua  Lake,  and  it  is 
understood  here  that  there  is  a  ready  sale 
for  them  in  New  York  City  on  the  East 
Side.  Can  you  obtain  for  me  the  price  per 
pound  that  has  been  or  would  be  paid  for 
these  fish  during  the  months  of  May,  June 
and  July? 

Ans. — At  the  market  under  the  Wil¬ 
liamsburg  Bridge,  New  York,  is  the 
most  extensive  retail  carp  trade  in  the 
city.  About  100  retailers  have  stands 
there,  and  practically  all  handle  carp, 
which  is  sold  largely  to  the  Jews,  and  to 
some  extent  to  German  trade.  At  the 
Williamsburg  Bridge  market  carp  re¬ 
tailed  on  the  day  of  our  visit  at  four  to 
five  cents  per  pound.  At  this  rate  the 
shipper  might  net  less  than  two  cents. 
There  would  be  no  use  shipping  direct 
to  these  retailers,  as  the  chances  would 
be  nine  to  10  against  getting  any  pay. 
With  carp  so  plentiful  in  the  North 
River  and  nearby  lakes,  there  is  no  vis¬ 
ible  fortune  in  the  business  for  the  pro¬ 
ducer.  It  is  recognized  as  a  low-grade 
fish  and  sells  because  it  is  cheap. 


“FARMER”  AND  “AGRICULTURIST.” 

Among  the  51  gentlemen  who  consti¬ 
tute  the  New  York  State  Senate,  we  find 
one  who  gives  his  occupation  as  “farm¬ 
er”  and  one  more  who  calls  himself  an 
“agriculturist.”  These  two  are  the  only 
ones  who  claim  to  have  anything  to  do 
with  the  soil.  There  is  nothing  like 
understanding  the  full  meaning  of 
words,  so  we  have  asked  these  two  Sen¬ 
ators  to  tell  us  when  a  man  is  a  plain 
farmer  and  when  he  is  not. 

Why  1  am  an  “Agriculturist.” 

First  you  want  to  know  why  I  appear  as 
an  agriculturist  and  another  Senator  as  a 
farmer.  The.  only  good  reason  that  I  have 
to  offer  is  that  a  plain  farmer  is  a  man 
who  makes  his  money  on  the  farm  and 
spends  it  in  the  city,  while  an  agriculturist 
is  one  who  makes  his  money  in  the  city  and 
lavishes  it  on  the  farm.  An  agriculturist 
covers  farming  in  all  its  branches.  I  have 
over  40  acres  of  young  apple  trees  coming 
on,  raise  imported  Jerseys  successfully,  sold 
GO  acres  of  beans  last  year  at  the  top  notch, 
and  still  hav»  some  1,500  bushels  of  wheat 
on  hand  for  which  there  is  no  market.  I 
also  sold  over  4,000  pounds  of  pork.  The 
remainder  of  the  farm  is  devoted  to  raising 
corn,  oats  and  hay  for  my  own  stock,  and 
farmers  have  come  from  far  and  near  to 
see.  my  Alfalfa  field,  and  have  written  me, 
asking  how  I  prepared  the  land  for  such 
an  abundant  yield.  1  cannot  say  that  my 
farm  supports  me  or  even  pays  a  fair  rate 
of  interest  upon  the  money  invested,  but 
I  am  looking  for  results  later,  and  I  will 
say  that  it  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  be 
told  by  this  person  and  that  person  that 
I  have  one  of  the  finest  farms  in  New  York 
State.  WILLIAM  L.  ORMROD. 

Why  I  am  a  “Farmer.” 

I  have  given  my  occupation  as  a  farmer 
because  I  am  a  farmer  and  nothing  else. 
I  have  lived  on  a  farm  all  my  life,  and  it 
is  my  sole  means  of  livelihood.  I  have 
always  believed  that  the  reason  a  man  gave 
his  occupation  as  an  agriculturist  was  be¬ 
cause  he  was  following  that  occupation  as 
a  fad.  f.  c.  ri.ATT. 

A  Florida  Strawberry  Story. 

Since  the  hen,  cow  and  hog  are  coming 
up  with  records  I  enter  the  Florida  straw¬ 
berry.  If  you  can’t  cover  it  call  for  rec¬ 
ords.  It  will  be  a  variety  along  with  cow 
records,  hen  records,  potato,  corn  and  many 
other  records.  We  have  a  strawberry  bed 
I  planted  out  nine  months  ago,  116  feet  by 
five  feet,  plants  in  hills  18  inches  apart, 
a  little  over  2,000  plants ;  to  be  exact, 
2,380  plants.  We  began  picking  berries 
March  1;  12  berries  weighed  one  pound,  20 
berries  filled  one  quart  above  level.  Ficked 
to  date  G77  quarts,  sold  many  quarts  of 
fancy  berries  at  50  cents  a  quart ;  the  regu¬ 
lar  picking  at  35  cents  a  quart,  then  30 
cents ;  now  we  get  25  cents.  Sold  over  500 
quarts,  made  over  $100  off  that  small  piece 
of  land.  And  still  there’s  more  to  follow  ; 
plenty  of  large  bunches  of  green  berries 
and  plenty  of  bloom  just  opening ;  by  the 
looks  of  things  the  bed  bids  fair  for  another 
100  quarts.  How  is  this  for  Florida  sand? 


Duval  Co.,  suburb  of  Jacksonville,  not  the 
best  land  in  Florida  by  a  long  way,  yet 
the  poor  sand  will  respond  to  the  right 
treatment,  equal  to  any  land  in  New  Jersey. 

JOHN  SPIERS. 

It.  N.-Y. — Mr.  Spiers  offers  proof  of  his 
statements.  He  beats  anything  we  have 
yet  done  in  the  strawberry  line. 


SHORT  STORIES. 

Soil  Needs  Humus. 

Will  you  advise  me  how  to  renovate  soil 
in  want  of  humus  in  the  quickest  and  most 
economical  way?  Location,  southern  New 
Jersey.  '  G.  H. 

Franklinville,  N.  .T. 

Of  course  the  quickest  way  would  be  to 
plow  in  a  heavy  coat  of  manure.  An  eco¬ 
nomical  but  slow  way  is  to  sow  Canada 
field  peas  now.  Plow  them  under  in  early 
July,  and  sow  buckwheat;  plow  this  under 
in  late  September  and  sow  rye.  Let  this 
grow  through  Fall  and  Winter,  plow  under 
in  Spring.  Then,  by  using  fertilizer,  you 
can  go  ahead. 

Destroying  Cutworms. 

The  cutworm  is  very  bothersome  in  my 
asparagus  bed  this  year,  and  I  should  be 
very  glad  indeed  to  know  of  something  that 
would  destroy  the  pest.  H.  J. 

Chelmsford,  Mass. 

Thorough  and  constant  cultivation  will 
get  rid  of  them  finally,  also  a  change  of 
crops.  This  season  the  best  way  to  fight 
them  is  by  poisons.  A  mash  made  of  bran, 
molasses  and  white  arsenic  scattered  about 
will  attract  and  kill  them,  or  green  clover 
or  grass  dipped  in  a  poison  solution.  There 
is  danger  in  this  if  the  bait  is  left  where 
live  stock  get  at  it 

Draining  Hill  Land. 

What  is  the  most  practical  way  of  drain¬ 
ing  ground  that  has  springs  in  it  and  plenty 
of  slope;  might  be  called  side  hill?  Would 
field  stones,  thrown  right  in  loose,  be  all 
right?  H.  k. 

North  Pitcher,  N.  Y. 

Tile  draining  is  best,  but  in  some  places 
stone  drains  are  more  economical.  We  use 
stones  for  spring  fields  and  they  work  well. 
Do  not  throw  the  stones  in  loose.  Such  a 
drain  will  clog  after  a  few  years.  Make  a 
good-sized  “throat”  at  the  bottom  of  the 
ditch  by  laying  good-sized  stones  at  the 
sides  and  a  flat  one  across.  This  will  leave 
a  protected  watercourse  at  the  bottom.  Fill 
in  with  loose  stone.  For  main  stone  drains 
we  do  not  put  any  earth  on  top,  but  fill 
with  stone.  You  will  need  a  sharper  fall 
with  stone  than  with  tile. 

Alfalfa  in  Maine. 

Why  cannot  we  raise  Alfalfa  in  Maine? 
Last  June  my  wife  planted  a  small  sample, 
about  a  great  spoonful,  of  Alfalfa  seed,  in 
her  garden  without  lime  or  any  soil  inocu¬ 
lation  whatever.  This  seed  came  up  and 
grew  to  be  about  15  inches  high  last  Sum¬ 
mer.  At  this  writing,  May  9,  it  is  up  about 
six  inches,  as  tall  as  any  grass  on  the 
farm,  and  looks  thrifty  and  nice.  If  we 
can  raise  it  on  a  small  piece  without  any 
special  soil  preparation,  why  can  we  not 
raise  it  on  a  large  field?  G.  i.  H. 

Oxford  County,  Me. 

It  will  not  do  to  figure  possibilities  with 
Alfalfa  as  the  “boomers”  figure  chickens. 
If  one  hen  pays  a  profit  of  $5  per  year, 
1.000  hens  must  pay  $5,000.  You  can  hard¬ 
ly  expect  to  fit  an  acre  as  evenly  and  well 
as  a  favored  spot  in  a  garden.  The  garden 
spot  may  be  used  to  furnish  soil  to  inocu¬ 
late  the  acre,  and  with  this  experience  we 
should  certainly  go  ahead  with  Alfalfa. 


Pears,  peaches  and  plums  all  in  full 
bloom.  Apples.  King.  Greening,  Russet, 
Hubbardston.  20-Oz.,  Wagener  and  early  va¬ 
rieties  all  white  with  blossoms.  Baldwin, 
40  per  cent,  trees  in  bloom.  Spy  late,  but 
do  not  indicate  a  full  bloom.  The  season 
is  very  late  here ;  grass  and  wheat  make 
slow  growth.  Ground  very  dry ;  some  can¬ 
not  plow  for  corn.  There  has  been  more 
spraying  done  in  the  town  of  Sodus  with 
lime  and  sulphur  this  Spring  than  ever  be¬ 
fore.  B.  E. 

Sodus,  N.  Y. 

Cleaning  out  Poison  Ivy.. — On  page  G07 
you  have  suggested  a  method  of  cleaning 
poison  ivy.  If  W.  K.  wants  an  easier  and 
more  effective  way  for  the  same  end,  let 
him  take  long-handled  pruning  or  hedge 
shears  and  cut  the  stems  of  the  plants  as 
far  down  as  possible,  by  running  first  one 
side  of  the  fence  and  then  the  other.  Do 
this  in  Winter,  when  the  ivy  is  dormant 
and  danger  least.  As  soon  as  dead  vine 
are  dry.  burn  them  just  as  they  are.  Re¬ 
peat  this  for  at  least  two  Winters  and  the 
ivy  will  not  return  very  easily.  D.  E.  s. 

New  York. 


“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers ;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 


IAPANESE  MILLET  SEED  ;  sound,  clean  seed.  $1.50  per 
bushel.  M.  HATCH,  JR.;  .Marshfield,  Mass. 


Dusts  Insecticides 

No  Water  to  Haul 


LEGGETT’S 

CHAMPION 


tThe  CHAMPION 

dusts  two  rows  of  pota¬ 
toes  as  fast  as  you  walk. 

‘The  BEETLE 

Potato  Duster  (Horse 
Power,)  dusts  four  rows. 


‘The  JUMBO 
dusts  trees. 

Many  thousands  in  use.  Send  for  circular. 

LEGGETT  &  JiRO.,  301  Pearl  St.,  N.  Y. 


OF  COURSE,  the  people  with 
liigh-priced  implements  for 
using  liquiii  applications  for  kill¬ 
ing  Potato  Bugs  insist  that  their 
way  is  best.  It  used  to  be — but  not 
any  more.  The  Aere-an-llonr  8ift«r 
has  changed  that.  We  gimrnntoa 
to  treat  more  potato  vines  with  half 
the  labor,  using  Piaster  or  Cement 
or  Paris  Green,  in  the  same  time 
than  any  hand  implement  on  the 
maiket  for  wet  mixtures.  Ask  your 
dealer  or  write  us.  Prepaid  by 
mail,  §1.  Express,  75.,  not  prepaid 
ACRE- AN  HOUR  SIFTER  CO. 
Po’keepsie,  N.  Y. 


HAY  UNLOADER 

UNLOAD  YOUR  HAY  WITH 
THIS  HOIST  AND  ENGINE 

It  can  be  done  in  one 
third  the  time  usual¬ 
ly  required.  Saves 
one  man  and  team. 
Operated  from  load. 
Made  in  single  or 
double  drum. 
Capacity  1,800  lbs. 
Fully  guaranteed. 
When  writing  give 
H.  P.  and  diameter 
of  engine  pulleys. 
Redden  Bros.  Mfgs. 
Norwich,  N.  Y. 


HARRISON’S  NURSERIES 

has  been  built  up  by  quality  trees  from  a  small 
beginning  to  the  largest  nursery  in  America— more 
than  2,000  acres  devoted  to  growing  trees,  plants, 
vines  and  ornamental  stock.  Buy  of  a  responsible 
grower  and  get  what  you  pay  for.  Address 

HARRISON’S  NURSERIES 
Ten  Valuable  Farms  For  Sale.  BOX  421,  Berlin,  Md. 

OLYMPIC  NATURE  NURSERY 

Rhododendrons,  Madronas, Oregon  Grapes,  H  ncklo- 
berries  and  other  wild  shrubs,  plants  and  flowers. 

By  mail,  10  for  SO  cents,  24  for  SI. 00  postpaid. 

Money  hack  if  not  satisfied. 

JOEL  SHOMAKEH ,  Mellila,  Washington. 

_PRIVET  HEDGING^ 

.  .  .  SPECIAL  2  YEAR  .  .  . 

12  to  18  in.  ®  $1.25  per  100 . $10.00  per  1000 

18  to  24  in.  ®  $1.50  per  100 . $13.00  per  1000 

This  is  all  well  branched 

TERMS  -  •  CASH  WITH  ORDER 

JOS.  H.  BLACK,  SON  S  CO.,  HIGHTSTOWN,  N.  J. 


500,000  New  Stone  Tomato  Plants  For  Sale 

From  selected  seed  that  grow  the  big  crops  roady 
June  t ne  First.  SI. 00  per  1000:  5000  for  54,00. 
CELERY.  CABGAGE,  RUBY  KING  PEPPER,  CAULIFLOWER  and 
SWEET  POTATO  PLANTS  in  their  season. 

Send  for  our  ton  Catalog 

If  you  want  50.000  or  100,000  Tomato  Plants  we  can 
supply  you  with  extra  fine  plants.  ROMANCE  SEED  8 
PLANT  fARM,  CALEB  BOGGS  8  SON,  CHESW0LD,  DEL. 

Dewdrop  Everbearing  Strawberry 

Largest  in  the  World.  Bears  First  Season.  Free 
circular.  H.  F.  DEW,  Albion,  Mich. 

CiuqqI  Potato  Plante  only  $2.00  per  1000,  special 
OWCBl  ruiaiu  rldlilb  prices  on  5000  lots,  Price 
list  free.  W.  S.  FORD  &  SON,  Hartly,  Del. 

FOR  SAL  E — Sweet  Potato  Plants.  Tomato 


catalogue. 


and  Cabbage  Plants.  Send  today  for 
Fine  plants.  M.  N.  BORGO,  Vineland,  N.  J. 


Cnn  QAI  C— Cow  Peas,  $2.50  to  $3.00  bushel; 
rUn  OHLL  Crimson  Clover  Seed,  $8.50  bushel: 
Black-Eyed  Peas.  $3.00  bushel. 

JOSEPH  E.  HOLLAND  .  .  Milford,  Del. 

CAIIHAtiK  PLANTS  i»f  all  lthnls,  $1  per  1000:  Tomato  and  Sweet 
Potato  Plants,  $1.50  |>«r  1000;  Cauliflower  and  Pep pe i  s,  $2.50 
per  looo.  Plants  realty  for  field.  J.  C.  Schmidt,  Bristol,  Pa. 

CHOICE  COW  PEAS 

READY  NOW-NEW  ERAS.  BLACKS,  FRESH, 
CLEAN  SEEDS.  SAMPLE  FOR  STAMP. 
E.  PACKARD,  Seed  Grower,  Dover,  I>cl. 


USE  THE 


L.  C.  Smith  &  Bros. 
Typewriter 


and  make  your  busi¬ 
ness  letters  command 
the  attention  they 
deserve.  Simplest  construction,  re¬ 
quires  no  attachments.  Easy  to 
operate.  Ball-Bearing  at  all  im¬ 
portant  wearing  points. 

Send  for  free  illustrated  catalogue. 

L.  C.  SMITH  &  BROS.  TYPEWRITER  CO., 

Syracuse,  New  York. 


SLUG-SHOT 

USED  FROM  OCEAN  TO  OCEAN  FOR  29  YEARS 
Sold  by  Seed  Dealers  of  America 

Raves  CurriiHtu,  Potatoen,  Cabbasre,  Melon*,  Flower**,  Tree*, 
and  Shrubs  from  Insects.  Put  up  in  popular  packages  at  popular  prices 
Write  for  free  pamphlet  on  Bugs  and  Blights ,  etc.,  to 

B,  HAMMOND,  -  Fishkill-on-Hutlson,  New  York. 


THre  RURA.I>  NEW-YORKER 


646 


1911. 


THE  CONNECTICUT  FIRE  KINDLING  LAV/. 

The  State  of  Connecticut  has  a  law 
designed  to  regulate  the  kindling  of  fires 
which  might  spread  and  cause  damage. 
Briefly  stated  the  vital  part  of  the  law 
is  as  follows : 

Sec.  1220.  Kindling  Fires  Without  Per¬ 
mission — No  person  shall  kindle  a  fire  upon 
public  land,  without  authority,  nor  upon 
the  land  of  another  without  permission  of 
the  owner  thereof,  or  his  agent. 

Sec.  1221.  Fires  on  Woodland,  When 
Prohibited — No  person  shall  kindle,  or  au¬ 
thorize  another  to  kindle,  a  fire  in  his 
woodland,  unless  all  combustible  materials 
for  the  space  of  six  feet  surrounding  the 
place  where  said  fire  is  kindled  have  been 
removed,  nor  shall  any  such  fire  be  left 
until  extinguished  or  safely  covered. 

One  of  our  readers,  Mr.  J.  Hurley, 
of  Litchfield  County,  sends  us  a  copy 
of  the  permit  which  was  issued  to  him. 
We  have  had  it  engraved,  and  it  is  pub¬ 
lished  herewith.  Mr.  Hurley  thinks 
that  the  law  “is  a  great  annoyance  and 
trouble.”  He  goes  so  far  as  to  say  that 
it  is  an  insult  to  the  intelligence  of 
Connecticut  farmers.  He  says  that  some 
of  them  will  not  take  out  the  permit. 
The  result  is  that  grass,  weeds  and 
bushes  which  would  otherwise  be 
burned,  are  permitted  to  grow  so  that 
when  dry  weather  comes  they  are  a 
great  danger  and  nuisance.  He  further 


apples  that  would  surely  prove  satisfactory. 
This  man  paid  $4.50  for  the  barrel,  took 
them  home,  and  when  he  got  to  the  middle 
claimed  that  he  found  a  quantity  of  small 
and  inferior  fruit.  In  trying  to  trace  the 
matter  down  this  man  claimed  that  there 
appeared  on  the  barrel  the  name  of  one  of 
the  most  honorable  growers  and  handlers 
in  New  York  State.  We  have  known  this 
fruit  grower  for  years.  There  is  no  one 
handling  apples  who  has  a  better  reputa¬ 
tion.  We  were  interested,  therefore,  in 
hunting  this  matter  up.  There  are  four  or 
five  ways  in  which  such  a  thing  could  hap¬ 
pen.  Most  growers,  or  many  growers,  sort 
their  fruit  in  the  orchard  into  several 
grades.  The  apples  are  hurried  into  the 
storage,  and  are  to  be  repacked  and  handled 
later  in  the  season.  As  a  rule,  when  the 
apples  are  handled  in  this  way  the  name 
of  the  grower  is  simply  written  in  pencil 
on  the  barrel  for  identification.  The  inten¬ 
tion  is  to  repack  the  apples  in  storage  and 
send  them  out  definitely  guaranteed  as  No. 
1,  No.  2  or  No.  3.  The  grower  in  question 
has  such  a  good  reputation  in  this  market 
that  he  could  even  sell  cider  apples  here 
at  a  fair  price.  They  come  here  carefully 
marked  as  such,  and  anyone  who  finds 
them  will  know  that  he  is  not  getting  the 
very  highest  grade  of  fruit.  We  under¬ 
stand  that  in  the  case  mentioned  the  name 
of  the  grower  was  written  in  pencil  upon 
the  apples.  It  would  appear,  therefore, 
that  in  this  case  the  barrel  intended  to  be 
marked  No.  2  was  taken  from  storage  when 
repacked  and  shipped  to  be  sold  as  No.  2. 
At  the  time  of  this  sale  No.  1  apples  from 
this  same  grower  were  selling  at  from  $6 
to  $7.  Probably  that  was  the  way  the 


PERMIT  FOR  KINDLING  FIRES 


J 


Permission  is  hereby  given  to. . yffjcfcaf..... . Y. CCflzcff.f. .... .  .7. . the 

town  _ . _ _  State  of  Connecticut  igfindle  X  foye^ 


town  oj. . rrfr.f .  ygy?. 

( zvhen)’....t . . (A...:..— . ngif  {where) . 



lance  ztnt. 


in  accordance  zrnth-  Section  4,  Chapter  12S,  Public  Acts  of  1909,  quoted  below ,  providing  that 


t]ie  fire  be  carefully  watched  and  conlroltedbya  sufficient  force  and  that  the  laws  governing 
the  building-  of  fires  are  fully  complied  with.  {See  Gen'l.  Slats.  Secs.  1096 ,  1220, 1221)* 


says  that  farmers  who  live  near  a  town 
or  village  could  under  this  law  carry 
their  trash  or  rubbish  inside  the  town 
territory  and  burn  it  there  without  a 
permit.  In  order  to  learn  the  senti¬ 
ment  among  farmers  regarding  this  law 
we  corresponded  at  once  with  a  good 
number  of  our  readers,  merely  asking 
them  what  they  thought  of  the  law,  and 
the  general  sentiment  among  their 
neighbors.  Thus  far  a  great  majority 
of  them  say  that  they  think  the  law  is 
a  good  one.  The  following  extracts 
from  farmers  are  fair  samples  of  re¬ 
ports  to  us.  We  do  not  understand  how 
there  could  be  any  difference  of  opinion 
regarding  the  law,  but  the  facts  appear 
to  be  as  we  give  them,  the  law  being 
apparently  regarded  as  a  wise  one  by 
the  majority  of  the  farmers. 

I  have  found  no  one  who  does  not  ap¬ 
prove  of  the  law  and  its  more  stringent 
enforcement.  One  farmer  near  here  has 
just  been  jailed  for  starting  a  fire  without 
permission,  same  becoming  unmanageable 
and  doing  considerable  damage  on  surround¬ 
ing  farms.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that 
such  a  law  is  needed,  and  that  more  rigid 
enforcement  is  yet  more  desirable.  r. 

The  law  about  fires  in  the  open  is  fairly 
well  enforced.  The  majority  get  permission 
from  fire  warden  to  burn  brush.  It  is  sel¬ 
dom  refused  by  him.  There  are  times  and 
cases  where  he  thinks  it  especially  dan¬ 
gerous,  and  tells  the  applicant  to  wait  till 
after  a  rain.  I  have  heard  of  no  particular 
complaint.  The  danger  from  fire  is  so 
great  that  all  are  beginning  to  realize  it  is 
necessary  to  take  precautions,  and  are  not 
kicking  at  a  little  restriction  in  this  line. 
I  am  in  favor  of  the  present  law,  and 
would  be  willing  to  see  it  more  rigidly  en¬ 
forced.  I  think  this  view  is  the  general 
sentiment  about  the  State.  Of  course  there 
are  some  that  will  find  fault  with  any  re¬ 
striction.  c.  L.  G. 


MORE  ABOUT  THAT  APPLE  DEAL. 

On  page  458  we  gave  an  account  of  an 
apple  deal.  A  man  in  eastern  New  York 
bought  a  barrel  of  apples  said  to  have  been 
packed  in  Wayne  County.  He  stated  that 
the  commission  man  called  them  first-class 


matter  came  about.  In  other  cases  the 
handler  is  often  responsible  for  this  work. 
We  have  known  of  cases  where  a  buyer 
would  secure  quite  a  large  quantity  of 
mixed  apples.  They  will  all  be  thrown 
from  the  barrel  and  repacked  in  such  a  way 
that  they  would  appear  as  No.  1  at  the  top 
or  bottom,  while  inside  inferior  apples  are 
put.  To  add  to  the  discredit  of  such  a  per¬ 
formance,  these  dishonorable  handlers  will 
sometimes  gather  up  empty  packages  in  the 
market  which  carry  the  name  of  a  reliable 
grower.  They  will  fill  these  empty  pack¬ 
ages  with  inferior  goods,  nicely  topped,  and 
sell  the  stuff  on  the  reputation  of  the  man 
who  sold  the  original  package.  J.  H.  Ilale 
suffered  quite  severely  in  years  past  from 
this  very  fraud.  He  puts  his  goods  up  in 
an  attractive  package  with  a  striking  red 
label.  We  know  of  cases  where  peach 
growers  obtained  Hale’s  empty  boxes  in 
the  market,  took  them  home  and  filled  them 
with  their  own  peaches  and  sold  them  again. 
The  world  is  full  of  tricks,  and  every  trade 
seems  to  have  them.  It  is  a  shame  when 
honest  men  are  made  to  suffer  through  the 
dishonesty  and  fraud  of  other  people,  but 
the  reputable  grower  cannot  possibly  be  too 
careful  to  know  just  what  he  has  sent  out 
and  what  his  name  covers. 


UNDERFEED  SYSTHEMS 


Save  I/2  %  °f  Coal  Bills 

/'-',ET  acquainted  with  the  Underfeed  coal- 
burning,  smoke-consuming  way,  which  in¬ 
sures  clean,  even  heat  at  a  saving  of  from  one- 
half  to  tavo-thirds  of  coal  bills.  This  common-sense 
method  has  unqualified  municipal  endorsement. 


^.WILLIAMSON 
UNDERFEED  heating 


Warm  Air  Furnaces-Hof  Water  or  Steam  Boilers 

burn  cheapest  slack  and  pea  or  buckwheat  size3  of 
hard  or  soft  coal  that  would  smother  ordinary  heating 
plants.  You  save  the  difference  in  coal  cost. 

Matson  Tinker  of  Portland,  Maine,  writes:  *‘I  would 
put  in  a  Peck- William  son  Underfeed,  even  at  DOUBLE 
the  cost  of  a  topfeed  and  consider  it  a  good  investment* 
1  figure  I  shall  save  double  the  extra  cost  of  the  Under* 
feed  the  first  year  on  my  coal  bill.’* 

Healing  plans  of  our  Engineering  Corps  are  FREE.  Fill  in  the 
coupon  below  and  return  TODAY  for  FREE  booklets  and 
lac-simile  testimonials. 


PECK-  WILLIAMSON  CO.  ££&££»• 

I  would  like  to  know  mare  about  how  to  cut  down  the  cost  of 
my  coal  bills  from  5u%  to66vfj%.  Send  me— FREE 


UNDERFEED 

Name _ _ 


(Indicate  by  X  Book¬ 
let  you  deaira) 


Address. 


Name  of  your  dealer. 


Here  is  the  Car 

WRITE  FOR 

Special  Price 


Rambler  Thirty-four 
Original  Price  $2250 

Special  Price  Upon  Request 

SPECIAL  OFFER 
FOR  THIS  WEEK 

Ilere  is  a  ear  which  originally  sold  for 
$2230.  It  was  taken  in  exchange  from  a 
satisfied  Rambler  owner  who  has  purchased 
one  of  the  1911  models. 

Many  Rambler  owners  buy  a  new  car 
each  year  in  order  to  enjoy  the  very  latest 
improvements. 

This  car  may  be  just  what  you  need  and  a 
special  price  will  be  made  to  you  if  you 
will  write  at  once,  giving  full  name  aud 
address. 

Remember,  you  get  the  same  guarantee 
of  service  and  satisfaction  that  goes  with 
the  new  Rambler. 

The  car  is  in  first-class  shape,  having 
been  taken  apart,  worn  parts  replaced  and 
the  entire  car  rebuilt,  readjusted  and 
repainted. 

You  take  no  chance  when  you  buy  a 
Rambler. 

Look  up  the  rating  of  this  Company  in 
Dun  and  Bradstreet’s. 

Send  today  for  our  Special  Price 

CUP  THIS  COUPON  HERE 


The  Thomas  B.  Jeffery  Company 

Main  Office  and  Factory,  Kenosha,  Wisconsin 

Send  me  Special  Price  on  Model  34,  also  the 
Used  Car  Booklet, 


Name.... 
Address  , 


'T'HE  FARMERS’  NATIONAL  BANK  of  Union 
City,  Michigan,  located  at  Union  City,  in  the 
State  or  Michigan,  is  closing  its  affairs.  All  note 
holders  and  other  creditors  of  the  association  are 
therefore  hereby  notified  to  present  the  notes  aud 
other  claims  for  payment,  n  mTTrT  T 
Dated  April  28,  1911.  D- I>-  BUELL,  Prest. 


DIGS  ALL  THE  POTATOES 

without  cutting  thorn— just  enough  adjustment  to  moot 
your  conditions  without  carrying  too  much  soil._  Savor, 
enough  more  potatoes,  even  in  Rinall  acreage  to  pay  for 
machine  in  short  time.  I’crfect  separation.  Is  as  light 
draft  us  any  diggor  can  be.  No  neck  weight.  Two  styles 
made  Prices  $75.00  to  $105.00.  No.  1«0  is  the  lighter 
machine,  built  on  strong  but  very  simple  lines— a  great 
favorite  with  growers.  Separate  bearings,  eaailyremoved 
and  cheaply  replaced.  Operates  entirely  from  the  seat. 


WON  ACE 


PO TA TO 
DIGGERS 

are  not  experiments— years  of  actual  use  in  all  sorts  of 
conditions  have  proved  their  worth.  Write  to  day  for 
Anniversary  Catalog— complete  line  of  potato  machin¬ 
ery,  garden  wheel  hoes  and  drills,  orchard  tools.ctc. 


DAILY 

OUTPUT 

18,000 

BBLS 


YEARLY 

OUTPUT 

OVER 

6,500,000 


ALPHA 

PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  year9  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


LIGHTNING 


Send  for  fine,  free  book,  all  about  lightning  and  the 
Dodd  System  of  protection.  Installed  with  binding 
guarantee  of  money  refunded  or  damage  made  good. 
The  standard  everywhere.  2000  insurance  companies 
endorse  and  reduce  rates  on  I)-S  rodded  buildings.  Act 
now.  Tomorrow  may  he  too  late.  Address 

DODD  &  STRUTHERS,  '437  6th  Ave.,  Des  Moines,  la. 

Potato  Pigging  Time  Coming 
"Buy  a  Dowden  Digger  Now 


aa 


3  you 

absolutely  depend  on  to  do  its  work  well  all  the  time. 

Combining  simplicity  with  great  digging  capacity— 
you  can  save  the  price  of  a  digger  in  a  short  time  by 
getting  all  the  potatoes  and  eliminating  repair  bills  to 
a  minimum. 

Catalog  free.  It  tells  all  about  the  digger— how  It  is 
made  and  what  it  will  do.  Can  bo  operated  by  a  boy. 

Dowden  Mfg.  Co.,  1122  Elm  St.,  Prairie  City,  Iowa 


WFBuy  This 

POTATO  DIGGER 


Extra  strong:, very  durable,  light  draft,  easy 
oa  horses,  positively  best  potato  digger 
on  market.  Fully  guaranteed — still  priced 
low.  Get  free  book  on  Diggers,  Pickers  and 
Sorters.  Hoover  Mlg.  Co.,  Box  56  .Avery, Ohio, 
i  Transfer  points — Buffalo,  j.  Tim  IlnneAii 
N.Y.,  Detroit.Mich,  St. Paul,  /.JHC  HOOVCr 
Minn.,  Marshalltown,  Ia„ 

Idaho  Falls, Id.,  Portland, 

Ore.,  Spokane, 

Wash.,  «’ 

Winnipeg,Man7 
Hamilton,  Ont., 

FondduLac.Wis 


BUILT  FOR 

Farm,  Garden  or  Orchard 

Does  the  work  of  a  dozen  wheelbar-  trademark  w 

rows.  Saves  time,  labor  and  money.  ■  TV  WT  Ta  Tfc  I I 

Costs  little  and  will  last  for  years.  B  rff  1  1  J  Jwl  J 
Wide  tires  if  you  wish.  Get  our  free 

catalog  and  select  the  size  and  style  T-f  A  "MT3  rART^I 
you  want.  $7.50 to  $25  00.  We  pay  HAiNL/  LAIklO 
freight  East  of  the  Mis-  SWARTWOUT  MANUFACTURING  CO. 
Bissippi.  Ask  your  dealer.  204  Meadow  St.,  Clinton,  N.Y. 


Farmers 

ELLIS 

CHAMPION 
THRESHERS 


Do  Your  Own  Threshing! 
You  can  save  the  cost  of  a  rig 
in  a  few  years  besides  doing  the 

conveni¬ 
ent  time 


are  equally  well  suited  to  thresliermen 
and  grain  growers  desirous  of  doing  their 
own  work.  Herewith  is  shown  Kills  Chain 
plon  No.  3  complete  with  stacker,  tailings 
elevator  and  grain  bagger;  operated  by  gasoline, 
steam  or  tread  power.  No  clogging  of  straw  in  these 
threshers.  Made  in  different  sizes  to  meet  all  needs. 

We  also  make  Tread  and  Sweep  Horse-Power,  circular 
and  drag  saws,  ensilage  cutters,  corn  shelters,  etc.  Send 
for  catalog  giving  full  information  about  these  machines. 

ELLIS  KEYSTONE  AGRICULTURAL  WORKS , 


Poitstown ,  Pa, 


The  i  "BOSS”  POT  A  TO  BIGGER 


Has  nev¬ 
er  been 
beaten 
in  trials. 

We  can 
furnish 
testimo¬ 
nials,  on 
request, 
from  all 
parts 
of  the' 
country. 

Write  ror  cata¬ 
log,  prices,  &c. 


machine  is  not  a  new  thing,  but  has  been  thorough- 
tested  in  all  kinds  of  soil,  and  under  all  conditions, 
and  pronounced — as  its  name  implies — the  BOSS  OF 

ALL  DIGGERS, 
today 
in  uso 
the 
o  s  t 
potato 
raisers  in 
the  country-  It  weighs  about  500 
pounds,  and  is  easily  handled  by 
TWO  HORSES.  It  is  so  adj  usted  that 

the  operator  can  dig  every  row  amt 
deliver  them  on  one  side  of  the  field, 
making  them  easy  to  pick  up.  it 
will  dig  an  uneven  surface,  and  on  side  hill  as  well 
as  on  the  level,  making  a  complete  separation  of 
the  tubers  front  the  soil  and  the  weeds.  It  is  made 
strong,  durable,  will  do  good  work  on  stony 

ground.  E  r  ALLEN  FOUNDRY  CO.,  Corning,  N.Y. 


646 


June  3, 


THE  RURAL  N EW -YORKER 


Civilization — from 
Signal  Fire  to  Telephone 


BUILDING  A  CONCRETE  FENCE. 

J.  8.,  Dudley,  Pa. — Could  you  give  me 
instructions  for  building  a  cement  fence, 
say  one  with  a  base  of  about  12  inches 
high  and  eight  inches  wide  at  top,  with 
posts  about  seven  feet  apart,  so  iron  or 
wood  railing  can  be  placed  between  posts 
above  base? 

Ans. — Dig  the  foundation  trench  be¬ 
low  the  frost  line,  fill  with  broken  stone 
within  two  or  three  inches  of  top  of 
ground.  Build  form  for  wall,  which 
should  be  lumber  of  uniform  thickness, 
and  if  planed  on  one  side  will  make  the 
wall  nicer  still.  As  the  only  strain  this 
wall  will  have  will  be  to  keep  the  fence 
straight  I  would  make  it  10  inches  at 
base  and  eight  inches  at  top.  You  can 
put  the  two-inch  batter  either  inside  or 
out,  just  as  you  think  best.  Have  as 
many  pieces  of  iron  pipe,  1%  or  V/2 
inch,  as  you  have  posts;  have  the  pipe 
cut  two  inches  longer  than  the  post  at 
top,  and  should  set  on  foundation  stone 
at  top  of  trench  and  should  be  placed 
every  seven  feet  as  the  base  wall  is 


r  rail 


k 

B  BAIL 

,  1 

1  •  - 1 

1 - 1 

1 

1 

1 

DETAIL  OF  CONCRETE  FENCE, 
built,  as  they  will  be  the  centre  of  each 
post.  Care  should  be  taken  to  have  them 
perfectly  straight  and  of  uniform  height 
at  top.  Taking  iron  pipe  for  centre  of 
post,  make  a  form  eight  inches  square 
and  as  high  as  you  wish  the  bottom 
rail.  Then  have  another  form  5x5  or  5 
at  bottom  and  4  at  top,  tapering  from 
all  sides,  which  will  furnish  the  post, 
leaving  the  iron  pipe  to  stick  out  at  top 
lj4  or  2  inches  to  set  you  top  rail  on;  I 
would  use  a  14-foot  rail  for  top ;  then 
by  making  a  miter  splice  the  pipe  will 
go  through  both  ends  and  make  a  very 
neat  looking  job.  A  small  block  of 
green  lumber,  exact  size  of  bottom  rail, 
should  be  imbedded  in  the  fresh  cement 
at  base  of  post  for  the  lower  rail  to  rest 
on;  the  green  lumber  can  be  easily  re¬ 
moved  after  the  cement  dries  a  little.  If 
iron  rails  are  used  have  the  pipes 
threaded  at  top  and  a  loose  coupling 
screwed  on;  then  you  can  run  your  top 
rail  through,  making  connections  any 
place ;  and  the  impression  at  base  should 
be  size  of  pipe  instead  of  for  wood  rail. 
The  drawing  above  shows  your  fence 
as  I  see  it  in  my  mind.  The  forms  for 
posts  should  have  one  board  fastened 
with  screws.  w.  A.  B. 

Unfruitful  Plum  Trees. 

IF.  O.,  Cape  Vincent,  N.  Y. — I  have  some 
Green  Gage  plum  trees  I  set  out  about  10 
years  ago.  The  third  year  we  had  a  few 
plums  that  grew  and  ripened,  but  since 
then  we  have  had  no  good  results  what¬ 
ever,  although  the  trees  seem  to  be  in  good 
health.  The  trunks  of  the  trees  are  five  to 
six  inches  through,  and  each  year  they 
blossom  full  but  fail  to  hold  any  fruit  after 
they  get  the  size  of  a  small  bean.  They 
are  covered  with  fruit  buds  again  this 
year,  but  I  am  at  a  loss  to  know  what  to 
do  to  save  the  fruit.  I  have  dusted  with 
slaked  lime  and  have  sprayed  with  Bor¬ 
deaux  before  and  after  they  blossom,  but 
only  failure  is  the  result.  The  land  is  cul¬ 
tivated  on  both  sides  of  the  row  of  trees 
and  has  a  frequent  coat  of  barnyard  man¬ 
ure.  It  is  a  rather  nice  sandy  loam,  well 
drained  but  four  feet  down  there  is  quick¬ 
sand.  We  have  a  row  of  pear  trees  next  to 
the  plum  trees  that  bear  good  crops  about 
every  year.  The  plum  I  speak  of  is  an  old 
variety  known  in  this  section  as  Green 
Gage,  but  will  put  up  sprouts  from  the 
root  of  the  same  kind  of  fruit. 

Ans. — It  is  quite  probable  that  the 
plums  are  stung  by  the  curculio  soon 
after  they  are  well  formed,  which  causes 
them  to  drop  off.  This  is  a  very  com¬ 
mon  enemy  of  the  plum,  peach,  and 
some  other  fruits.  Its  work  can  be  pre¬ 
vented  in  some  measure  by  spraying  the 
trees  as  soon  as  the  foliage  appears,  for 
the  insects  that  lay  the  eggs  eat  some 
of  it  and  are  apt  to  be  poisoned.  Ar¬ 
senate  of  lead  is  the  poison  to  use  in  the 
spray  mixture.  The  lime-sulphur  prep¬ 
aration  should  be  the  basis  with  two 
pounds  of  arsenate  of  lead  added  to  it. 


This  will  be  very  valuable  as  a  fungi¬ 
cide  in  addition  to  its  use  as  an  insecti¬ 
cide.  The  fact  that  the  trees  send  up 
sprouts  from  the  root  of  the  same  va¬ 
riety  is  no  objection  except  the  trouble 
that  the  sprouts  may  be. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


CEMENT  VINEGAR  TANK. 

The  Colorado  Experiment  Station  proved 
from  tests  that  vinegar  will  act  upon  por¬ 
ous  cement  work.  After  a  time,  cisterns 
of  cement  leak  and  the  vinegar  turns  black. 
It  was  then  found  that  a  cement  tank  well 
coated  inside  with  paraffin  held  the  cider 
perfectly  in  good  condition. 

‘  The  process  of  lining  a  cement  cistern 
with  paraffin  is  so  simple  that  anyone  with 
ordinary  ability  can  easily  obtain  the  de¬ 
sired  results.  In  case  an  old  cement-lined 
cistern  is  to  be  coated  with  paraffin,  it 
must  first  be  cleaned  thoroughly.  Then  it 
should  be  given  at  least  two  coats  of  neat 
cement  and  water.  The  coats  need  not  be 
applied  more  than  24  hours  apart.  The  cis¬ 
tern  is  now  ready  for  the  paraffin  coat. 
The  paraffin  is  heated  by  means  of  a  small 
blow  torch  or  gasoline  stove  until  it  is  a 
very  little  above  the  melting  point.  It  may 
then  be  applied  to  the  inner  surface  of  the 
cistern  with  a  cloth  or  paint  brush.  In 
case  a  cloth  is  to  be  used,  the  hand  should 
be  protected  by  a  heavy  leather  glove.  The 
paraffin  should  be  put  on  in  a  thin  layer 
and  thoroughly  rubbed  while  hot.  It  should 
not  be  rubbed  after  it  starts  to  solidify. 
The  operator  must  necessarily  work  rapidly 
in  order  to  get  the  coating  well  rubbed  be¬ 
fore  the  paraffin  begins  to  harden.  The 
coating  will  not  allow  of  bruising,  and  for 
this  reason  it  is  suggested  that  the  bottom 
of  the  cistern  be  left  until  last,  and  the 
work  of  coating  be  done  from  a  suspended 
platform  rather  than  a  ladder  placed  upon 
the  bottom.  Great  care  should  be  taken  not 
to  drop  any  objects  upon  the  coated  parts 
of  the  cistern.  In  case  a  new  cistern  is  to 
be  made,  the  walls  may  be  constructed  of 
one  part  Portland  cement  to  four  parts 
clean,  sharp  sand.  The  walls  should  be 
made  of  a  wet  or  ‘slush’  mixture.  The 
wall  should  be  thick  enough  to  insure  it 
against  cracking.” 


CROP  NOTES. 

We  are  having  record  weather,  a  severe 
drought  with  very  high  temperature.  My 
tested  thermometer  recorded  yesterday 
(May  21)  !)0  degrees  in  shade  at  12  m. 
and  the  same  at  6  p.  m.  This  morning  at 
six  o’clock  75  degrees.  d.  h.  a. 

Tompkins  Co.,  N.  Y. 

..PROP  ProsPects  are  good  here  for  all 
things  but  hay  and  pasture.  Fruit  and 
berries  promise  well.  At  present  we  are 
short  on  moisture.  Cornfields  are  in  tine 
condition  and  corn  is  coming  fast.  Small 
grain  appears  a  little  thin,  and  promises 
short  straw,  yet  present  indications  do  not 
insure  the  harvest,  although  it  is  half  the 
battle.  w.  d.  m. 

Templeton,  Iowa. 

We  have  had  a  beautiful  Spring  since  it 
actually  began.  We  kept  the  manure 
cleaned  up  all  the  time,  so  we  could  keep 
the  team  plowing  and  harrowing  every  day. 
We  have  put  in  13  acres  of  peas  and  oats 
and  10  of  corn.  The  corn  is  just  coming 
up,  but  the  neighbors  who  had  a  big  pile 
of  manure  to  haul  have  not  got  their  corn 
ground  plowed  yet.  One  thing  that  the 
farmers  should  learn  is  that  our  season  is 
short  and  we  should  use  all  of  it.  J.  u.  m. 

Madison  Co.,  N.  Y. 

We  had  too  much  rain  during  March  and 
April,  and  have  had  far  too  little  in  May 
which,  combined  with  the  unseasonably  hot 
weather  during  the  last  half  of  May  has 
worked  untold  injury  to  grass,  wheat,  oats 
and  young  clover.  Most  farmers  report  the 
seedling  clover  as  practically  a  total  fail¬ 
ure.  Some  corn  has  been  planted  but  much 
remains  to  be  planted  and  what  is  planted 
is  coming  up  unevenly  owing  to  varying 
moisture  content  of  the  soil  and  faulty 
preparation  of  the  seed  bed.  Cutworms 
are  abundant  and  arc  doing  considerable 
damage  to  the  corn.  Plowed  fields  have 
dried  out  rapidly  and  many  of  them  are 
hard  and  cloddy.  All  sorts  of  tools,  disk 
harrows,  Acme  harrows,  rollers,  drags,  drag 
harrows,  etc.,  are  being  used  to  prepare  the 
soil  for  planting,  and  more  work  than  usual 
is  being  done  to  prepare  the  land.  Rollers 
are  being  used  freely,  and  for  the  first 
time  to  such  an  extent  in  several  years. 
Field  work  is  specially  hard  on  the  teams 
because  of  the  hard  soil  and  the  beat,  the 
temperature  ranging  from  70  to  near  100 
degrees  in  the  shade.  Copious  rains  would 
be  of  great  value  to  us  now  but  at  present, 
May  22,  we  have  had  a  few  light  showers 
which  soon  evaporated,  and  which  can  be  of 
but  little  value  to  wheat,  oats  and  grass. 
Up  to  the  present  wheat  has  been  very 
promising,  but  if  the  present  drought  con¬ 
tinues  much  longer  yields  will  be  greatly 
curtailed.  Fruit  prospects  are  good ;  apples 
and  peaches  bloomed  late,  and  there  does 
not  seem  to  be  much  prospect  of  a  freeze 
now,  so  we  ought  to  haye  some  fruit  at 
least.  Much  spraying  has  been  done  and  it 
is  increasing  each  year.  Some  demonstra¬ 
tion  spraying  is  being  done  here  by  the 
State,  and  the  meetings  have  usually  been 
well  attended  This  is  largely  a  corn  and 
livestock  region,  and  it  is  rather  difficult  to 
get  a  farmer  out  of  liis  cornfield  to  at¬ 
tend  a  spraying  demonstration,  or  to  spray 
his  home  orchard  properly  or  at  the  proper 
time.  Live  stock  prices  are  at  a  low  level 
with  nothing  better  in  sight  for  the  near 
future.  Farmers  are  with  one  accord  dis¬ 
gusted  with  President  Taft  and  his  one¬ 
sided  reciprocity  measure.  Most  farmers 
are  too  busy  to  think  of  much  else  just  now 
than  the  dry  weather.  Really  they  are 
putting  in  their  time  crushing  clods  and 
wishing  for  rain.  Some  hog  cholera  has 
made  its  appearance  and  one  farmer  has 
lost  40  head  He  has  had  the  rest  of  the 
hogs  treated  with  serum  and  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  the  disease  will  not  spread. 
Sheep  shearing  is  in  progress:  wool  is  sell¬ 
ing  for  18  cents ;  fine  wool  three  to  five 
cents  less  per  pound.  But  few  cattle  and 
other  stock  going  to  market  and  stooker 
trade  is  dull  w.  e.  d. 

Hillsboro,  O. 


THE  telephone  gives  the 
widest  range  to  personal 
communication.  Civilization 
has  been  extended  by  means 
of  communication. 

The  measure  of  the  progress 
of  mankind  is  the  difference 
between  the  signal  fire  of  the 
Indian  and  the  telephone 
service  of  to-day. 

Each  telephone  user  has  a 
personal  interest  in  the  growth 
of  the  whole  telephone  system. 


He  is  directly  benefited  by 
every  extension  of  his  own 
possibilities. 

He  is  indirectly  benefited  by 
the  extension  of  the  same  pos¬ 
sibilities  to  others,  just  as  he 
is  benefited  by  the  extension 
of  the  use  of  his  own  language. 

Any  increase  in  the  number 
of  telephones  increases  the 
usefulness  of  each  telephone 
connected  with  this  system. 

The  Bell  System  is  designed 
to  provide  Universal  service. 


America's  Telephone  awd  Telegraph  Company 
And  Associated  Companies) 


One  Policy 


One  System 


Universal  Service 


-THE  ONLY  PULL  POWER  HAY  PRESS 


Remarkable  invention.  This  pull  power  principle 
overcomes  all  of  the  disadvantages  of  other  hay 
presses  and  gives  the  Daip  every  advantage  you  know 
a  hay  press  Bhould  have.  You  will  recog¬ 
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gate.  Dain  Poll  Powei — saves  one  man  on  the 
stack-discharges  bales  forward  out  of  way— is 
lighter  in  draft— with  no  bulky  pitman  to  step 
over— salf-feed  cuts  feeding  work  in  two.  Don’t 


buy  a  hay  press  until  yon  learn  all  about  the  Dain. 
Send  for  big  hay  press  catalog— it’s  worth  sending 
.for  whether  you  buy  a  hay  press  thi3  year  or  not. 


BINDER  TWINE,  6ic  lb. 

made.  Fanner 

logue free"  THEO.  BURT  &  SONS,  Melrose,OtliO 


Guaranteed 
,  uzu  i»'  the  best 
agents  wanted.  Sample 


REMOVAL  SALE . 

Tempting  reductions  on  all  our  stock,  20tii  Cen¬ 
tury  Auto  Co.,  244  West  4!ith  Street,  New  York 
City.  June  1st,  at  Broadway,  corner  54tli  Street. 


BUYA  NEW  YORK  STATE  WAGON 


$45.00 


No.  190-Runabout 

Sells  at  retail  for  $65.  Easy 
riding,  stylish  and  very  dur¬ 
able.  We  defy  competition 
with  it. 


$48.50 


No.  290— Buckboard 

Retailers  ask  $70  for  its 
equal.  Our  own  pattern, 
strongly  made,  easiest  rider 
known,  and  a  general  favorite. 


DIRECT  FROM  FACTORY 


We  make  the  best  New  York 
State  Standard  Quality  Wagons 
and  sell  them  direct  from  factory 
to  users  at 

Wholesale  Prices 

You  save  all  dealer’s  and  job¬ 
ber’s  profits — from  $20  to  $40 — 
and  obtain  our  binding  guarantee 
for  one  year  from  date  of  pur¬ 
chase. 

No  Money  in  Advance 

Any  wagon  will  be  shipped  to 
you  for  free  examination  and 
approval.  No  deposit  or  references 
required. 

Safe  Delivery  Guaranteed 

You  take  no  risk  whatever. 
Every  wagon  will  reach  you  in 
perfect  condition,  or  it  can  be  re¬ 
turned  to  us  at  our  expense. 

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Showing  200  styles  of  wagons 


$53.50 


No.  118— Top  Buggy 
Fully  as  good  as  retails  for$75. 
Will  give  years  of  service, 
nicely  finished,  and  a  bargain. 


$53.50 


No.  350 — Handy  Wag'on 

Removable  seats,  very  strong, 
and  one  of  our  best  selling 
styles.  Can’t  be  duplicated 
anywhere  for  less  than  $70. 


and  50  styles  of  Harness.  Every  approved  pattern  is  shown  at  a  wide  range  of  prices- 

ROCHESTER  VEHICLE  CO.,  360  Main  St.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


647 


LIME-SULPHUR  FOR  POTATOES. 

I  have  been  lying  low  for  a  long  time 
to  see  what  The  R.  N.-Y.  has  to  say  on 
the  use  of  commercial  lime-sulphur  as  a 
fungicide  for  potatoes.  I  notice  the 
trend  is  for  lime-sulphur  as  a  fungicide 
for  fruit.  Our  money  crop  for  many 
years  has  been  potatoes,  and  I  have  been 
using  the  Bordeaux  Mixture  since  1904. 
Last  year  we  used  in  connection  with 
Bordeaux,  arsenate  of  lead  thrice.  Our 
formula,  generally,  is  five  pounds  cop¬ 
per  sulphate,  five  pounds  wood-burned 
lime,  55  gallons  water,  and  five  pounds 
arsenate  of  lead.  The  commercial  lime- 
sulphur,  using  lx/2  gallon  to  55  gallons 
of  water,  would  cost  about  the  same  as 
Bordeaux  and  would  be  a  great  deal 
more  convenient.  Certainly  '  we  are 
looking  for  something  better  than  Bor¬ 
deaux.  W.  o.  h. 

Macungie,  Pa. 

R.  N.-Y. — It  seems  to  be  well  settled 
that  lime-sulphur  is  a  good  substitute 
for  Bordeaux  in  fruit  culture.  It  is 
now  being  used  so  generally  that  the 
price  of  sulphate  of  copper  has  fallen. 
As  for  potatoes,  the  best  we  can  learn 
is  that  lime-sulphur  is  not  so  well 
adapted  to  this  crop.  Bordeaux  seems 
to  be  superior  in  fighting  potato  dis¬ 
eases.  We  would  not,  willingly,  start 
our  readers  on  a  wrong  track.  While 
lime-sulphur  at  the  proper  strength 
may  be  safely  recommended  for  fruit 
spraying,  we  would  use  it  only  as  an 
experiment  on  potatoes.  We  shall  use  it 
on  about  half  our  own  crop  this  year. 

Carcassei  in  Fertilizer. 

8.  E.  A.,  New  Egypt,  N.  J. — What  in¬ 
gredients  should  be  used  in  conjunction 
with  cooked  and  dried  (ground)  horseflesh, 
etc.,  to  make  fertilizer? 

'Ans. — This  subject  was  quite  thor¬ 
oughly  discussed  last  year  in  The  R. 
N.-Y.  Such  carcasses  when  cooked  and 
crushed  correspond  quite  closely  to  tank¬ 
age  and  contain  nitrogen  and  phosphoric 
acid.  There  is  little  or  no  potash  in 
the  animal  body.  The  best  chemicals 
to  use  with  such  material  are  acid  phos¬ 
phate  and  muriate  or  sulphate  of  potash. 

Seeding  Clover  on  a  Sod. 

G.  B.  P.,  Pittston ,  Pa. — I  have  a  field  of 
r ye  sown  last  Fall  with  eights  quarts  of 
Timothy  per  acre.  The  Timothy  is  seeded 
fairly  well,  but  this  Spring,  through  a  mis¬ 
understanding,  no  clover  was  sown.  What 
can  you  suggest  as  the  best  way  to  get  it 
in  clover?  It  is  now  too  late  in  the  season 
for  me  to  sow  clover  on  top  of  the  ground, 
and  I  cannot  run  a  harrow  over  the  Tim¬ 
othy  and  rye  to  freshen  the  ground. 

Ans. — We  have  never  been  able  to 
start  a  good  “catch”  of  clover  in  a  one- 
year-old  sod.  Unless  we  can  get  the 
clover  seed  on  the  Spring  following  the 
Fall  seeding  of  rye  and  grass,  it  seems 
impossible  to  make  it  grow.  Sometimes 
when  the  clover  is  seeded  in  the  mud 
and  the  meadow  afterwards  harrowed 
over,  a  scattering  stand  will  be  found, 
but  usually  any  attempt  to  seed  clover 
on  an  old  sod  will  fail.  If  anyone 
can  tell  how  to  do  it  successfully  we 
all  want  to  know. 

Destroying  Woodchucks. 

M.  I{.  8.,  Guildford,  Conn. — What  is  the 
remedy  to  'destroy  woodchucks  in  their 
holes?  It  was  published  in  The  R.  N.-Y. 
and  is  a  drug  that  you  place  in  the  hole, 
then  plug  the  hole ;  the  drug  must  not  be 
inhaled. 

Ans. — What  you  mean  is  evidently 
bi-sulphide  of  carbon.  This  liquid  evap¬ 
orates  when  exposed  to  the  air.  The 
fumes  are  heavy  and  work  down.  In 
using  for  woodchucks  cotton  is  wrapped 
around  a  stone  and  saturated  with  the 
liquid  and  pushed  down  into  the  hole. 
If  all  the  openings  can  then  be  closed 
the  fumes  will  kill  the  woodchuck.  Be 
careful  not  to  breathe  them.  Usually 
the  woodchuck  has  several  openings  to 
his  burrow,  and  this  would  let  him  es¬ 
cape.  Some  people  use  part  of  a  stick 
of  dynamite.  It  is  put  down  into  the 
hole  and  exploded.  The  surest  way  is 
to  station  some  good  marksman  with  a 
rifle  where  he  can  view  the  field.  The 
“chucks”  come  out  in  early  morning  or 
late  afternoon  to  feed  and  may  be  shot. 


Damaged  Plum  Leaves ;  Early  Apple. 

E.  B.,  Massachusetts. — 1.  Last  year  I 
used  arsenate  of  lead  on  my  Abundance 
plum  trees  at  the  rate  of  three  pounds  to 
50  gallons  of  water.  A  few  weeks  later 
I  found  the  leaves  full  of  small  holes.  Did 
the  arsenate  of  lead  cause  them?  Would  it 
be  advisable  to  use  it  on  peach  trees  with 
the  self-boiled  lime-sulphur  mixture?  2.  A 
year  ago  last  Fall  I  planted  an  apple  tree 
labeled  Jonathan  in  my  vegetable  garden. 
This  Spring  I  find  it  blossomed.  Do  you 
think  it  is  true  to  name?  Is  the  Jonathan 
an  early  bearer? 

Ans. — 1.  In  all  probability  there  was 
some  damage  to  the  plum  leaves  by  the 
arsenic.  Two  pounds  to  50  gallons  of 
water  is  the  usual  proportion,  and  this 
is  effective  or  even  a  less  amount.  This 
is  usually  put  into  lime-sulphur  mix¬ 
ture  for  preventing  fungus  diseases  and 
the  arsenate  of  lead  acts  as  an  insecticide 
and  also  makes  the  fungicide  more  ef¬ 
fective.  It  is  just  the  thing  for  peach 
trees  in  foliage  and  has  a  most  bene¬ 
ficial  effect  on  the  fruit. 

2.  Jonathan  apple  trees  sometimes 
bloom  very  early  in  life  and  I  am  not 
astonished  that  the  tree  mentioned  had 
flowers  on  it  the  second  year  from  plant¬ 
ing.  It  will  not  bear  much,  however, 
for  several  years  yet  in  Massachusetts. 
In  the  Far  West  this  and  other  varie¬ 
ties  of  the  apple  bear  very  much  earliet* 
and  sometimes  the  fruit  must  be  thinned 
or  taken  off  altogether. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


Smut  in  Corn. — Corn  smut  Is  a  neg¬ 
ligible  pest  In  this  locality,  where  home¬ 
grown  seed  is  the  main  reliance,  but  ex¬ 
perience  covering  43  years  warrants  dis¬ 
sent  from  advice  on  page  492.  Invariably 
has  infestation  of  smut  been  prominent  in 
the  small  plots  of  early  garden  sorts  bought 
from  seedsmen  and  planted  without  treat¬ 
ment  with  solution  of  bluestone.  A  bushel 
c 2  seed  corn  sent  me  from  central  Illiuols 
and  planted  without  treatment  yielded  a 
phenomenal  crop  of  smut,  without  exag¬ 
geration  three-fourths  the  stalks  being  in¬ 
fested.  Home-grown  seed  on  same  field  and 
leeward  produced  a  normal  crop  with 
wonted  immunity.  Could  it  have  been  a 
coincidence,  and  likewise  the  immunity  of 
early  sorts  soaked  in  bluestone?  I  im¬ 
agined  that  Illinois  corn  was  grown  on  a 
Sangamon  River  bottom  which  was  con¬ 
tinuously  cropped  and  soil  impregnated 
with  the  spores.  Let  me  add  that  the  best 
farmer  of  the  county  admired  that  variety 
with  its  short,  sturdy  stalk  and  mammoth 
ear,  bespeaking  seed.  I  found  but  one  ideal 
ear,  the  entire  crop  being  chaffy,  j.  t.  b. 

Kentucky. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


MENTAL  ACCURACY 

Greatly  Improved  by  Leaving  Off  Coffee. 


The  manager  of  an  extensive  creamery 
in  Wis.  states  that  while  a  regular  coffee 
drinker,  he  found  it  injurious  to  his 
health  and  a  hindrance  to  the  perform¬ 
ance  of  his  business  duties. 

“It  impaired  my  digestion,  gave  me  a 
distressing  sense  of  fullness  in  the  region 
of  the  stomach,  causing  a  most  painful 
and  disquieting  palpitation  of  the  heart, 
and  what  is  worse,  it  muddled  my  mental 
faculties  so  as  to  seriously  injure  my 
business  efficiency. 

“I  finally  concluded  that  something 
would  have  to  be  done.  I  quit  the  use  of 
coffee,  short  off,  and  began  to  drink 
Postum.  The  cook  didn’t  make  it  right 
at  first — she  didn’t  boil  it  long  enough, 
and  I  did  not  find  it  palatable  and  quit 
using  it  and  went  back  to  coffee  and  to 
the  stomach  trouble  again. 

“Then  my  wife  took  the  matter  in 
hand,  and  by  following  the  directions  on 
the  box,  faithfully,  she  had  me  drinking 
Postum  for  several  days  before  I  knew  it. 

“When  I  happened  to  remark  that  I 
was  feeling  much  better  than  I  had  for  a 
long  time,  she  told  me  that  I  had  been 
drinking  Postum,  and  that  accounted  for 
it.  Now  we  have  no  coffee  on  our  table. 

“My  digestion  has  been  restored,  and 
with  this  improvement  has  come  relief 
from  the  oppressive  sense  of  fullness  and 
palpitation  of  the  heart  that  used  to 
bother  me  so.  I  note  such  a  gain  in 
mental  strength  and  acuteness  that  I  can 
attend  to  my  office  work  with  ease  and 
pleasure  and  without  making  the  mistakes 
that  were  so  annoying  to  me  while  I 
was  using  coffee. 

“Postum  is  the  greatest  table  drink  of 
the  times,  in  my  humble  estimation.” 
Name  given  by  Postum  Co.,  Battle 
Creek,  Mich. 

Read  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs.  “There’s  a  reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


Hay  Loader 

Here  Is  a  real  Hay  loader  ;  a  genuine  labor 
eaver;  not  a  mere  hay  elevator.  It’s  rightfully 
called  the  “One  man”  loader  because  one  man 
Is  all  that’s  needed  to  run  It.  The  force  delivery 
pushes  the  hay  well  forward  on  the  load  where 
it  can  be  easily  handled  by  thedrlver.  There’s 
no  return  carrlertodrag  thehay  off  the  wagon. 
This  one  advantage  alone  Is  important  enough 
to  make  the  Daln  your  choice,  yet  It  Is  only  one 
o£  a  number  of  big 

Dain  Exclusive  Advantages 

Easy  to  couple  to  all  w  agrons  without 
adjustment.  No  long:,  crooked  crunk 
shaft  to  break  or  cause  trouble.  Geared 
rlgrht  to  insure  ligrht  draft  and  grreatest 
hay  gathering:  efficiency.  Gathering- 
rakes  and  elevating-  parts  operated  by 
hammock  mounted  pitmans.  Works 
eaually  well  on  swath  or  windrow. 
Caster  wheels  in  rear  lessen  draft  and 
make  turning  easy. 

Tho  Daln  Loader  Is  lightest  draft,  most  sim¬ 
ple  in  design  and  most  convenient  to  operate. 
Gets  all  tho  hay;  made  to  last  from  best  mate¬ 
rials.  That’s  why  it  is  the  most  popular 
loader  built  today— why  it  Is  most  widely 
Imitated  and  just  why  itshould  bo  your  choice. 

Consult  your  nearest  Daln  dealer  about  any 
of  ourTools:  Mowers,  Loaders,  Side  Deliv¬ 
ery  Rakes,  Stackers,  Sweep  Rakes, 
Presses,  or  write  us  mentioning  the  tools  In 
which  you  are  interested,  and  we  will  send  you 
complete  description,  and  our  freo  book  “All 
About  Hay,”  the  most  pralteal  and  helpful 
hay  book  ever  published.  Write  today. 

AIN  MFG.  CO. 

802  VINE  STREET 
OTTUMWA,  .  IOWA 


BOOILLET 
Write  Today 


We  want  every  farmer  in  the  land  to  have 
our  attractive  Free  Booklet  on  hay  loaders. 

It’s  full  of  interesting  facts  and  illustrations. 

It  shows  plainly  why  the  simple,  light  run¬ 
ning  “GEARLESS”  Hay  Loader  is  the  cheap¬ 
est  to  buy,  the  easiest  to  operate,  the  most 
durable  and  altogether  the  most  satisfactory 
loader  for  heavy  hay,  windrows,  light  hay, 
clover,  alfalfa  or  beans. 

It’s  tho  loader  that  can  be  depended  upon 
every  hour  during  the  haying  season.  “No 
time  out  for  repairs.” 

Let  us  send  you  our  Free  Booklet  at  once. 

Write  us  today. 

LA  CROSSE  HAY  TOOL  CO. 

THIRTY-FIFTH  STREET  CHICAGO  HEIGHTS.  ILL. 


WHEELS,  FREIGHT  PAID,  $8.75 

for  4  Buggy  Wheels,  Steel  Tires.  With  Rubber  Tires, 
$18.45.  lterubbiug  your  wheels.  $10.30.  I  manufacture 
wheels  %  to4  in. treail.  Buggy  Tops,  $6.50;  Shafts, $2. 10. 
Learn  how  to  buy  direct.  Catalog  free.  Repair  wheels, 
$5.95.  Wagon  Umbrella  Fbkb,  >y.  r  llOOB,  Ciu’tl,  0, 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Tin: 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  got  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


This  picture  from  an  actual  photo  shows 

Louden  Balance  Grapple  Fork 

lifting  a  third  of  a  ton  of  dry  clover  hay. 


How’s  that  for  a  winner? 

There  isn’t  another  fork  in  the  world 
in  its  class.  It’s  the  only  one  that  can 

handle  clover,  alfalfa  and  threshed  straw  as  success¬ 
fully  as  timothy.  No  dribbling  or  scattering,  with 
long  stuff  or  short,  large  load  or  small. 

Louden’s  “***"!;!  Fork 


has  a  patented  arch  support  that  gives  perfect  bal¬ 
ance.  It  takes  hold  or  releases  its  load  at  the  slight¬ 
est  touch.  Simple  in  design,  made  of  steel  with 
heavy  malleable  connections.  Will  lift  half  a  Con 
without  bend  or  break. 


j  '  -  — ’ - - •  HUJ  win  1U  UID 

world.  Sec  it  a  t  your  dealer’s.  If  he  hasn’t  it  don’t 
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Tools,  F  eed  and  Litter  Carriers,  Flexible  Bird  Proof 
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Louden 
Machinery 
Co., 


601  Broadway, 
Fairfield, 
Iowa. 


Fastest  Hay  Press 
2'h  Tons  Per® Hour 


Greater  capacity  is  guaranteed  in  all  Spencer 
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HAY 

CAPS 


Stack,  Implement,  Wagon 
and  Farm  Covers,  Water¬ 
proof  or  Plain  Canvas. 
Plant  Bed  Cloth. 
Waterproof  Sheeting,  Tents,  etc. 
Henry  Derby,  123-Y  Chambers  St.,  NewYork 


PORTER 

HAY  CARRIER 

Has  wide  open  mouth  and 
swinging  fork  pulley.  Fills 
hay  mow  full  to  the  roof.  Is 
without  exception  best  hay 
carrier  in  the  United  States. 

We  also  make  Litter  Carriers, 
Steel  Stalls  and  Cattle  Stanchions. 
Send  for  Catalogue 
J.  E.  PORTER  CO.,  OTTAWA,  ILL. 


— 99jXoo  %  Pure—, 

American  Ingot  Iron  Roofing 

Guaranteed  For  30  Years 

Without  Painting 

The  Only  Guaranleed  Metal  Roofing  ever  put  on  the 
market.  Samples  free.  W rite  for  a  free  book  showing 
remarkable  tests.  A  way  out  of  your  roof  troubles. 

THE  AMERICA*  IRON  ROOFING  CO.,  Depl.  0,  ELYRIA,  OHJd 


UTAWAY-T00LS 

WILL  INCREASE  YOUR  CROPS 

2S%  to  S0%.  Take  place  of  plow  and 
harrow.  Thousands  in  use.  Save  time, 
labor  and  money.  Endorsed  by  success¬ 
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Send  today  for  our  new  book  "Intensive 
Cultivation."  It’s  free. 

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839  Main  St.  Higganum,  Conn. 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE. 


.  .  .  SOLELY  MANUFACTURED  BY  .  .  . 

*Pre  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co. 

Middletown,  Conn., 

Send  for  Free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
the  Hubbard  “  Bone  Base  ”  Fertilizers. 


Bristol  Co.,  Mass.,  Dec.  5, 1910. 

The  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Gentlemen:— I  have  just  finished  husking 
one  lot  of  Corn  from  114  acres,  on  which  I 
used  ton  of  Hubbard’s  “Bone  Base” 
Soluble  Corn  and  General  Crops  Manure 
and  Complete  Phosphate  per  acre.  It 
yielded  172  bushels  of  ears  of  sound  Corn. 
1  am  so  well  pleased  with  the  result  that  I 
thought  you  would  like  to  know  it.  The 
lot  had  a  coating  of  stable  manure  ploughed 
in  in  1909,  but  1  used  nothing  but  Hub¬ 
bard’s  “Bone  Base”  Fertilizer  this  year. 
There  may  be  other  good  Fertilizers,  but 
Hubbard’s  “Bone  Base”  Fertilizer  is  good 
enough  for  me. 

Sincerely  yours, 

Joshua  T.  Durfee. 


6-48 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


June  3, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


AN  ASPARAGUS  EXPERIMENT. 

No.  in. 

In  order  to  realize  fully  what  this  aspara¬ 
gus  experiment  means  we  should  understand 
how  the  plant  grows  and  what  the  rust  is. 
Asparagus  belongs  to  the  lily  family.  There 
is  a  fleshy  crown  or  rootstock,  long,  tough 
roots  and  a  number  of  stalks  or  shoots 
above  ground.  The  shoots  which  we  eat 
grow  from  buds  which  start  from  the  ends 
and  sides  of  the  crowns.  When  these  shoots 
are  cut  off  new  buds  keep  coming  out,  and 
stalk  after  stalk  will  grow  so  long  as  the 
crown  of  the  plant  has  power  to  send 
them  out.  At  the  end  of  the  cutting  season 
the  last  stalks  are  left  to  grow.  These 
form  a  top  which  enables  the  plant  to  store 
up  new  supplies  in  the  crown  so  as  to  be 
ready  to  send  up  new  shoots  another  year. 
Thus  asparagus  culture  means  year  after 
year  growing  a  large,  strong  plant  through 
the  Summer  and  forcing  it  to  give  up  its 
strength  in  the  Spring  through  its  shoots 
or  edible  stalks.  If  the  plant  cannot  make 
a  strong  and  prolonged  growth  above 
ground  the  crown  cannot  receive  the 
strength  and  nourishment  needed  to  send  out 
the  next  crop  of  shoots.  In  another  way  it 
is  not  unlike  the  common  problem  of  killing 
out  brush  or  young  trees.  We  arc  often 
told  to  cut  such  brush  in  the  “old  of  the 
inoon”  in  August  The  moon  has  nothing 
to  do  with  it,  but  at  this  time  the  season’s 
growth  above  ground  is  done.  The  root  is 
exhausted  after  its  long  work  of  growing 
the  top,  and  in  the  course  of  nature  it 
would  stop  and  store  up  nourishment  to  fit 
itself  for  next  season’s  work.  But  if  the 
tops  are  now  cut  off  nature  prompts  the 
root  to  send  up  new  tops.  This  still  further 
weakens  the  root  and  having  no  time  to 
recover  it  usually  dies  in  Winter,  or  sends 
but  a  feeble  growth  in  Spring.  If  the  top 
of  the  asparagus  plant  is  interfered  with 
the  crown  cannot  develop  properly,  and  that 
of  course  means  that  the  shoots  cannot 
form.  Those  Concord  growers  use  over  a 
ton  of  fertilizer  each  year,  and  give  thor¬ 
ough  culture  in  order  to  produce  a  great 
top,  and  through  it  develop  a  vital  crown 
for  next  year’s  crop. 

Now  that  is  where  the  rust  gets  them. 
This  disease  docs  not  affect  th“  asparagus, 
which  is  cut  and  sold,  but  it  gets  in  its 
■work  on  the  green  tops  which  grow  after 
cutting  ceases,  and  which  are  to  fit  the 
crown  for  another  crop.  By  killing  those 
tops  the  rust  prevents  the  crown  from  re¬ 
covering  so  that  the  next  crop  is  reduced, 
and  in  time  the  plant  dies.  There  are 
three  forms  of  this  rust,  which  appear  in 
Spring,  Summer  and  Fall.  Anyone  who 
has  ever  seen  the  disease  would  recognize 
it.  In  a  bad  case  you  could  not  pass 
through  a  field  without  shaking  up  a  red 
dust  or  powder  which  will  color  the  hands 
or  face  or  clothing.  The  disease  was  de¬ 
scribed  more  than  a  century  ago  as  a  para¬ 
sitic  fungus  of  much  the  same  character 
as  the  rusts  which  attack  grain,  flower  and 
fruit.  The  dust  which  rises  when  you 
brush  through  the  rusty  tops  represents  in 
each  fine  particle  the  spores  from  which  the 
fungus  starts.  Let  one  of  these  tiny  par¬ 
ticles  fall  upon  an  asparagus  plant  in  a 
moist,  warm  time  and  almost  immediately 
it  starts  its  development.  A  mass  of  very 
fine  threads  start  out  from  it,  and  force 
their  way  into  the  plant.  There  they  grow 
and  steal  nourishment  which  ought  to  go 
to  feed  the  plant  but  which  they  carry  to 
the  fungus.  As  they  grow  in  this  way  they 
stunt  the  plant  by  stealing  its  nourishment 
and  split  or  bore  open  the  skin  so  that  the 
asparagus  top  dries  out  and  dies.  Thus  as 
we  have  seen  the  crown  or  root  cannot  store 
away  food  for  the  next  season,  and  if  the 
rust  attack  is  severe  for  two  seasons  in 
succession  a  field  of  ordinary  asparagus  will 
be  practically  ruined. 

Many  of  the  fields  at  Concord  were  thus 
ruined  when  the  asparagus  growers  started 
out  to  save  their  industry.  Evidently  one 
of  two  things  must  he  done — find  some  way 
of  spraying  the  tops  so  as  to  prevent  this 
fungus  from  getting  in  its  work,  or  find 
varieties  which  would  resist  the  fungus. 
As  we  have  seen,  these  growers  rejected 
the  spraying  plan.  In  California  a  dust  of 
dry  sulphur  put  on  the  plants  had  been 
helpful  in  delaying  the  growth  of  rust 
fungus.  The  California  climate  and  con¬ 
ditions  were  very  favorable  to  such  work. 
In  a  few  localities  thorough  spraying  with 
Bordeaux  mixture  had  held  the  disease 
somewhat  in  check,  and  enabled  the  plants 
to  make  a  fair-sized  top.  When  we  con¬ 
sider  how  rapidly  the  rust  fungus  grows 
and  what  a  multitude  of  spores  are  floating 
about  it  will  be  seen  that  spraying  to  pre¬ 
vent  rust  is  less  of  a  sure  thing  than  fight¬ 
ing  other  forms  of  plant  disease.  It  cannot 
be  compared  with  spraying  to  combat  potato 
blight,  and  the  Concord  growers  decided  at 
once  not  to  put  faith  in  spraying,  but  to 
strike  boldly  out  after  varieties  or  strains 
which  would  resist  the  disease. 

We  have  told  how  after  hunting  over  the 
earth  for  suitable  plants  and  seed,  Prof. 
Norton  finally  found  one  seedling  out  of 


about  200,000  which  is  called  “commercially 
immune,”  with  others  that  are  nearly  so. 
Those  plants  may  show  a  little  rust  in  a 
particularly  trying  season,  but  not  enough 
to  stop  their  full  growth.  This  one  immune 
plant  is  a  male.  In  the  asparagus  plant  the 
female  plants  alone  bear  seed — the  male 
flowers  furnshing  pollen.  Prof.  Norton’s 
work  has  been  crossing  this  one  male  plant 
with  the  most  resistant  of  the  female  plants 
and  then  selecting  the  resulting  seeds  for 
planting.  In  doing  this  work  a  bag  of  trans¬ 
parent  parchment  paper  is  put  over  the  fe¬ 
male  flower  after  pollen  from  the  male  flower 
has  been  dusted  over.  When  he  started  this 
work  he  was  not  sure  whether  the  wind  or 
insects  did  the  work  of  crossing.  lie  now 
feels  sure  that  the  wind  plays  no  part  at 
all.  The  paper  bag  over  the  flower  prevents 
the  bees  from  carrying  pollen  from  other 
male  flowers.  In  1908  a  few  seedling  plants 
were  found  superior  to  the  rest.  These  were 
selected  for  crossing  wita  the  best  males 
that  could  be  found.  This  lot  of  seedlings 
were  grown  in  1910  and  exposed  to  the  se¬ 
verest  attack  of  rust  that  could  be  organ¬ 
ized.  It  is  upon  the  result  of  this  test  that 
Prof.  Norton  bases  his  faith  in  this  one 
great  male  plant.  Whenever  pollen  from 
this  plant  was  used  the  seedlings  show  a 
remarkable  increase  in  both  rust  resistance 
and  vigor.  They  give  promise  of  living 
through  any  attack  of  rust,  while  99  per 
cent  of  ordinary  seedlings  of  Palmetto  and 
Argenteuil  stock  planted  near  by  were  killed 
to  the  ground.  There  have  been  in  the 
history  of  most  breeds  of  horses  and  cattle 
animals  so  sturdy  and  prepotent  that  they 
have  marked  a  wide  track  down  through  the 
breed  of  color,  shape  and  ability  to  work 
or  travel  or  make  milk  or  butter.  As  for 
the  power  to  resist  the  attack  of  disease  we 
may  take  the  common  case  of  ivy  poisoning. 
It  is  well  known  that  some  persons  are 
“immune that  is,  they  may  handle  the  ivy 
vine  without  being  poisoned.  Call  in  the 
first  100  persons  you  meet  and  set  them 
at  work  pulling  ivy  out  of  a  field,  and 
probably  90  would  be  in  great  agony,  the 
remaining  10  more  or  less,  affected.  Yet  it 
would  be  possible  to  select  from  50,000 
people  50  or  more  who  could  clean  out  that 
ivy  and  never  show  the  poison.  It  is  not  so 
improbable,  thei’efore,  that  out  of  200,000 
seedlings  one  has  been  found  capable  of 
resisting  the  rust  and  transmitting  its  good 
qualities  to  its  seedlings.  In  this  case  I 
believe  there  is  no  question  about  it.  Prof. 
Norton  and  these  asparagus  growers  are 
fully  justified  in  their  claims  for  this  plant. 

It  has,  of  course,  been  known  for  some 
years  that  certain  strains  (there  are  no  true 
varieties)  of  asparagus  resist  attacks  of 
rust  better  than  others.  For  instance,  Con¬ 
over’s  Colossal  has  been  wiped  out  by  the 
disease.  The  rust  disease  is  not  as  preva¬ 
lent  in  Europe  as  in  this  country.  It  has 
been  there  so  long  that  certain  strains  of 
asparagus  have  developed  a  strong  resistance 
to  the  disease.  As  the  scientist  would  put 
it,  “a  balance  between  the  host  and  the 
parasite  has  been  reached.”  When  the  dis¬ 
ease  started  in  this  country  it  was  found 
that  while  our  American  strains  generally 
went  down  certain  strains  brought  from 
Europe  resisted  the  rust — as  was  to  be  ex¬ 
pected.  This  famous  male  plant  came  from 
this  imported  stock,  and  we  can  see  how 
naturally  there  would  be  one  out  of  the 
thousands  of  seedlings  of  superior  power. 
Prof.  Norton  found  that  one.  So  far  as 
can  be  now  told  an  individual  aspai-agus 
plant  will  retain  its  power  to  resist  rust, 
be  it  small  or  great,  throughout  life.  An 
asparagus  field  may  grow  more  immune  with 
age  as  the  rusty  plants  dry  out  and  die  and 
the  more  resistant  ones  develop.  These 
seedlings  at  Concord  could  not  be  subjected 
to  a  more  trying  test,  for  every  effort  is 
made  to  introduce  the  rust — even  to  letting 
the  earlier  shoots  mature  so  as  to  introduce 
the  Spring  form  of  the  disease. 

I  have  taken  some  time  to  explain  this 
work  because  I  think  it  the  most  striking 
illustration  of  what  organization  can  do, 
and  the  best  example  of  practical  farm 
science  that  we  have  in  this  counti'y.  Those 
asparagus  growers  have  achieved  what  was 
•considered  the  impossible  by  organizing 
thoi'oughly  for  one  definite  thing,  and  using 
all  their  powers  to  obtain  it.  Prof.  Norton 
has  shown  what  may  be  done  by  patient 
selection  and  breeding  for  a  desired  type 
of  plant.  It  is  a  most  striking  success  and 
I  think  it  indicates  what  will  finally  be  done 
with  potatoes  and  other  crops  which  are  now 
so  subject  to  disease  that  we  must  fight  for 
their  lives.  h.  w.  c. 


Cinders  for  Concrete  Work. — On  page 
560  you  use  the  word  ashes,  meaning  coal 
ashes,  in  a  way  that  might  it  seems  to  me 
be  misleading,  or  in  other  words  full  cre¬ 
dence  might  not  be  given  to  your  state¬ 
ments,  and  therefore  the  greatest  good  pos¬ 
sible  would  not  result  from  it.  I  am  not 
an  expert  in  concrete  work,  but  have  never 
seen  ashes  used,  but  always  cinders — what 
I  should  call  ashes  are  always  left  out. 
When  removed  from  the  furnace,  the  cin¬ 
ders  are  separated  from  the  ashes  by  the 
fireman,  the  ashes  hauled  to  the  dump  and 
the  cinders  saved  for  concrete  work. 

Maine.  J.  henry  rines. 


Study  Your  Wheat  Before  You  Harvest  It 

If  the  yield  and  quality  are  bad  you  must  do  better.  If  they  are 
good  it  will  pay  you  to  make  them  better.  A  better  fertilizer  will 
do  it.  The  usual  wheat  fertilizers  do  not  contain  enough 

POTASH 

Use  6  to  8  per  cent.  Potash,  instead  of  I  to  2,  and  balance 
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Tell  Your  Dealer  about  this  Now,  before  the  fertilizer  salesman 
arrives.  Write  us  today  for  our  two  free  books,  “Fall  Fertilizers” 
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We  sell  Potash  Salts  in  any  amount  from  1  hap:  {200  lbs.)  -up. 
Write  for  prices ,  stating  quantity  needed. 

GERMAN  KALI  WORKS,  Inc. 

Continental  Bldg.,  Baltimore  Monadnock  Block,  Chicago 

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;  ' /<  ?  jAVpA;  m  a  II  f:  v'/J-'f 


xiv u  u .d l l o  aac>.  nrcuniwy 

{duo  to  poor  fibre  or  careless  spinning). 
Snarls  (due  to  improper  winding  of  the  ball 
or  too  much  twist  in  the  spinning).  Had 
tying.( due  to  unevenness  in  spinning). 

Plymouth  Binder  Twine  lacks  these  faults, 
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Don’t  take  chancos  this  year.  Use  either 
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You  know  how 
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Only  constant  re¬ 
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An  occasional  coat  of  good  paint  made  with 


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1911. 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


64fc 


Ruralisms 

THE  OWENS  PECAN. 

When  a  new  variety  of  fruit  or  nut 
makes  its  appearance  that  is  ahead  of  any 
known  variety  in  some  very  important 
characteristic,  there  is  great  rejoicing 
among  horticulturists.  When  the  first 
pecans  appear  on  the  markets  in  the 
South  in  the  Fall  there  is  great  rejoic¬ 
ing,  just  as  there  is  up  in  Michigan  when 
you  meet  a  man  and  he  says :  “Cheer  up, 
cherries  are  ripe.”  Up  to  this  time  the 
earliest  date  that  ripe  pecans  could  be 
found  fresh  upon  the  markets  of  our 
southern  cities  was  September  20,  and 
they  were  rather  small  in  size  and  insig¬ 
nificant  in  appearance,  though  rich  in 
flavor.  We  now  have  a  large,  handsome 
pecan  that  ripens  its  whole  crop  on  Au¬ 
gust  25.  It  is  the  Owens  pecan.  The 
evidence  is  conclusive  to  my  mind,  and 
no  one  knows  better  than  The  R.  N.-Y. 
that  I  am  very  slow  in  recommending  a 
new  thing,  and  very  bold  in  denouncing 
any  humbug  that  conies  along. 

When  Mr.  F.  M.  Owens  came  South 
from  Pennsylvania  about  30  years  ago 
he  owned  but  little  of  this  world’s  goods. 
He  did  any  honest  work  that  came  to 
hand,  and  did  it  thoroughly,  and  to-day 
he  owns  four  solid  blocks  in  one  of  our 
most  prosperous  southern  cities,  besides 
many  fine  plantations,  and  is  now  ranked 
among  the  millionaires.  But  had  he  done 


be  to  dry-mix  the  nitrate  with  about 
three  times  its  bulk  of  sifted  coal  ashes 
or  fine,  dry  soil  and  broadcast  evenly. 
This  will  give  a  more  even  distribution 
than  where  the  nitrate  is  spread  alone. 
It  would  hardly  pay  to  dissolve  the  ni¬ 
trate  in  water  and  sprinkle.  This  work 
could  also  be  done  by  dissolving  the  ni¬ 
trate  and  putting  the  solution  on  sifted 
coal  ashes.  When  this  dries  it  can  be 
scattered  like  fertilizer. 


Geraniums  ;  Begonias  ;  Wandering  Jew. 

J.  H.  T.,  Harrison,  N.  Y. — 1.  What  can  I 
do  with  my  geraniums,  which  have  just 
commenced  to  bloom  now?  How  should  I 
keep  them  so  they  will  bloom  next  Winter? 
I  do  not  know  how  to  take  off  slips.  Would 
it  be  as  well  to  keep  them  in  their  pots  all 
Summer?  2.  Also  my  Begonias;  I  have 
seven  varieties ;  how  must  I  keep  them  so 
they  will  bloom  in  the  Winter?  3.  I  have 
a  most  beautiful  hanging  basket ;  I  will  en¬ 
close  a  leaf  so  you  can  tell  what  it  is,  and 
it  is  just  as  full  oC  the  plant  as  it  can  be. 
What  would  you  advise  me  to  do  with  it 
through  the  Summer?  I  do  not  care  so 
much  for  Summer  plants  as  I  do  for  Winter 
ones.  Do  you  think  it  would  do  well  if  I 
cut  it  close  to  the  basket,  then  hung  it  out 
under  the  grape  arbor  through  the  Summer? 

Ans. — We  would  not  advise  keeping 
over  the  old  geranium  plants  for  next 
Winter,  as  they  are  likely  to  be  rather 
lanky,  and  not  to  give  the  best  results 
in  blooming.  As  soon  as  danger  of 
frost  is  over  plant  the  geraniums  you 
now  have  in  the  garden ;  keep  in  a 
healthy  growing  condition,  and  take  cut¬ 


W HOLE  NUT. 


II A  LI'’. 

THE  OWENS  PECAN.  Fig.  228. 


MEAT. 


nothing  more  than  this  it  would  not 
have  been  necessary  for  The  R.  N.-Y. 
to  notice  him.  About  eight  years  ago  lie 
•  went  heavily  into  pecan  culture.  First 
he  visited  all  the  famous  pecan  groves 
of  the  South,  and  planted  heavily  of 
both  seedling  and  grafted  trees.  While 
visiting  his  seedling  trees  on  August 
25  last,  he  found  that  one  of  them  was 
full  of  nuts  ready  to  harvest,  which  he 
proceeded  to  do.  Mr.  S.  S.  Fay,  of 
Kansas,  an  alumnus  of  Lincoln  Univer¬ 
sity,  had  the  honor  of  naming  the  pecan 
the  Owens,  and  the  illustrations,  Fig.  228 
were  made  by  Mr.  Fay  from  nuts  of 
this  variety  furnished  by  the  Pomologi- 
cal  Department  at  Washington.  The 
Owens  pecan  is  destined  to  prove  of  the 
very  greatest  value  both  to  the  North 
and  South.  In  many  sections  of  the 
North  the  pecan  trees  will  live,  but  the 
nuts  will  not  ripen  in  time  to  harvest. 
To  all  such  the  Owens  pecan  will  be  of 
untold  value.  To  the  southern  grower 
who  wishes  to  be  first  in  market,  when 
the  prices  are  extra  high,  the  Owens 
pecan  will  be  of  even  greater  value. 
Judging  from  the  nuts  they  have  nearly 
every  good  quality.  They  are  large  in 
size.  The  meat  comes  out  whole.  The 
shell  is  thin.  The  flavor  is  fairly  good. 
The  shape  is  ideal.  I  am  told  by  the 
very  best  authority  that  the  tree  is  a 
vigorous  grower,  and  a  regular  and 
precocious  bearer.  It  bore  heavily  last 
year  when  the  pecan  crop  all  through 
this  section  was  almost  a  total  failure, 
and  has  another  fine  crop  on  it  this  year. 
The  pecan  growers  of  American  can 
congratulate  themselves  upon  the  ap¬ 
pearance  of  the  Owens  pecan. 

Louisiana.  sam  h.  james. 

Nitrate  of  Soda  for  Lawn. 

O.  W.  S.,  Allendale,  N.  J. — I  intend  mak¬ 
ing  an  application  of  nitrate  of  soda  to  my 
lawn.  Will  you  advise  me  the  proper  way 
to  apply  it?  Is  it  better  to  scatter  the  ni¬ 
trate  lightly  over  the  lawn  prior  to  a  rain 
or  use  it  in  a  solution  by  sprinkling? 

Ans. — It  depends  large  on  the  size  of 
the  lawn.  Perhaps  the  best  way  would 


tings  from  them  in  August  or  early  Sep¬ 
tember.  Gardeners  use  young  plants 
from  field-grown  stock,  propagated  at 
the  time  named,  for  specimen  decorative 
plants.  Make  a  short-jointed  cutting 
with  a  heel.  We  have  often  rooted 
these  cuttings  in  the  soil  half  under 
the  parent  plants,  but  the  surest  method 
would  be  to  put  them  in  two-inch  pots, 
ir.  light  sandy  soil  without  any  fertilizer, 
placing  these  pots  in  a  sunny  window. 
While  the  cuttings  must  not  be  per¬ 
mitted  to  shrivel  for  want  of  water,  they 
must  not  be  over-watered,  and  should  be 
a  little  on  the  dry  side  until  callused. 
After  they  are  rooted  treat  them  like 
other  geranium  plants. 

2.  You  do  not  specify  the  class  to 
which  your  Begonias  belong,  but  we 
judge  they  are  of  the  shrubby  flower¬ 
ing  type  so  popular  in  window  gardens. 
Set  them  outside  in  a  place  where  they 
are  shaded  during  the  hottest  part  of  the 
day,  as  under  dooryard  trees;  if  the 
pots  are  plunged  in  coal  ashes  they  will 
not  dry  out  quickly,  and  are  also  pro¬ 
tected  from  being  blown  over.  Water 
as  required ;  most  of  the  flowering  va¬ 
rieties  take  a  partial  vacation  under  such 
circumstances,  and  will  come  into  active 
bloom  when  brought  inside  and  encour¬ 
aged  to  resume  active  growtli  in  early 
Fall.  Some  varieties,  such  as  B.  rubra, 
become  rather  lanky  when  old,  in  which 
case  we  would  take  cuttings,  as  in  the 
case  of  the  geraniums,  and  start  the 
Winter  with  young  plants. 

3.  The  beautiful  striped  leaf  sent  is 
Wandering  Jew,  Zebrina  pendula,  also 
called  Tradescantia  zebrina.  It  is  one 
of  the  most  charming  of  plants  for  any 
drooping  position.  It  is  also  propagated 
with  the  greatest  ease.  We  like  to  start 
a  fresh  stock  each  year,  as  when  it 
grows  very  long  shoots  there  are  us¬ 
ually  a  few  exhausted  leaves  at  the  bot¬ 
tom.  Cut  it  as  you  suggest  and  hang  in 
the  grape  arbor  after  danger  of  frost  is 
past;  we  would  also  put  a  number  of 
the  cut  shoots  along  the  edge  of  a  ver¬ 
anda  box  or  similar  place,  or  root  them 
in  any  receptacle  where  the  soil  is  fairlv 
moist;  there  would  thus  be  plenty  of 
young  plants  for  the  Fall,  if  another 
basket  is  desired,  but  the  old  roots,  if  the 
tops  are  cut  right  down,  should  give 
plenty  of  new  foliage. 


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660 


June  3, 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

TIIE  BUSINESS  FARMER’S  PAPER 

A  Notional  Weekly  Journnl  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes 

Established  isso  , 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 
Herbert  W.  Coluncwood,  President  and  Editor. 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wn.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Royle,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union.  $2.04.  equal  to  8s.  6d.,  or 
6)4  marks,  or  lOJ^  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  chock  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertisi  ig  rates  Ml  cents  per  agate  line — 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  as  j  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  Rut  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  pood  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  trifling  differences 
1st  ween  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  i  jentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

Talking  of  sticky  fly  paper  for  mice  and  weasels, 
has  anyone  tried  it  for  cutworms?  Would  a  disk  of 
sticky  fly  paper,  fitting  closely  about  the  stem  flat 
on  the  ground,  discourage  the  scoundrelly  maraud¬ 
ers.  They  are  worse  than  ever  this  year. 

* 

We  have  learned  that  the  only  way  to  make  a  point 
stick  in  the  mind  is  to  keep  pounding  at  it.  That  is 
why  we  make  much  of  that  asparagus  experiment. 
It  will  pay  any  asparagus  grower  to  make  a  pilgrimage 
to  Concord  in  the  rust  season  and  see  for  himself  what 
that  single  male  plant  is  doing.  We  also  start  early 
with  this  warning.  Look  out  for  the  men  who  will 
advertise  rust  resistant  asparagus.  This  will  be  a 
popular  card  to  play,  but  keep  away  from  them. 
These  immune  plants  have  not  been  given  out  yet 
and  are  not  ready. 

* 

Several  cases  like  the  following  are  reported.  A 
neighbor  puts  up  a  barbed  wire  fence  on  top  of  a 
stone  wall.  Both  wall  and  wire  are  several  feet  on 
his  side  of  the  dividing  line.  Children  pass  over 
the  few  feet  to  play  on  the  stone  wall — attracted  by 
flowers.  They  are  wounded  and  their  clothes  are 
torn  by  the  wire.  Is  there  any  remedy?  There  is  no 
law  to  prevent  a  man  from  putting  such  a  fence  on 
his  own  land.  One  who  crosses  the  land  to  get  to 
the  fence  is  probably  a  “trespasser.”  Yet  no  one 
with  real  human  feelings  would  let  a  little  child  get 
hurt  in  this  way. 

* 

We  have  many  letters  from  dairymen  who  are 
in  trouble  over  their  butter.  Agents  of  oleo  dealers 
and  some  local  buyers  are  going  about  telling  farmers 
that  their  butter  is  “adulterated,”  as  it  contains  over 
16  per  cent  of  moisture.  This  talk  is  hurting  the  busi¬ 
ness  of  some  who  make  dairy  butter.  There  is  a 
Federal  law  which  states  that  butter  with  too  much 
moisture  is  classed  as  “adulterated.”  This  law  was 
made  necessary  to  protect  the  public  against  certain 
large  butter  makers  who  were  making  fortunes  by 
working  in  all  the  water  their  butter  could  be  made 
to  hold.  A  Federal  law  operates  in  interstate  com¬ 
merce — that  is,  where  an  article  passes  from  one  State 
into  another.  There  is  no  such  butter  law  in  New 
York  State,  and  in  any  event  no  action  could  be 
taken  when  the  butter  is  sold  in  its  original  package. 
We  can  assure  our  readers  that  if  they  continue  to 
follow  their  usual  methods  of  making  good  dairy 
butter  they  need  have  no  fear.  Go  on  in  the  usual 
way.  Your  butter  is  not  “adulterated.” 

* 

During  the  year  we  have  many  questions  about  in¬ 
vestments  in  the  so-called  unit  system  of  planting 
orchards.  There  are  several  different  methods,  but 
the  general  plan  is  about  as  follows.  An  organized 
company  offers  to  plant  an  orchard  of  10  or  15  acres 
and  care  for  the  trees  for  10  years.  You  are  to  make 
monthly  or  yearly  payments  and  at  the  end  of  the  10 
years  a  bearing  orchard  is  to  be  turned  over  to  you. 
Counting  interest  these  orchards  will  cost  you  about 
$11  per  acre.  As  a  rule  the  contract  is  such  that  you 
have  no  personal  control  over  the  planting  and  care 
of  the  orchard  and  cannot  recall  your  money  if  you 
find  the  scheme  unsatisfactory.  We  find  that  this 
plan  appeals  to  many  city  people.  The  plausible  argu¬ 
ment  is  put  up  to  them  that  they  may  retain  their 
city  jobs,  invest  their  savings  and  in  10  years  have 
a  large  income  for  life.  That  is  an  attractive  bait, 
and  it  is  no  wonder  that  many  jump  at  it.  We  have 


'THIS  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

personal  friends  who  are  interested  in  such  schemes, 
but  our  uniform  advice  is  not  to  invest  in  these  unit 
plans.  The  theory  is  all  right,  but  the  practice  will 
prove  all  wrong.  If  anyone  has  even  tried  to  argue 
with  a  friend  against  investing  in  mines  or  other 
wildcat  schemes  he  will  know  how  reasoning  is  thrown 
away.  It  is  a  safe  rule  to  lay  down  that  no  man 
should  ever  buy  a  piece  of  property  without  seeing  it. 
This  is  especially  true  of  an  orchard,  and  we  would 
not,  under  any  circumstances,  advise  a  man  to  pay 
the  price  of  bearing  trees  to  some  company  that  may 
not  even  own  the  bare  ground. 

* 

We  have  advocated  the  passage  by  the  New  York 
Legislature  of  the  Collin  bill,  which  would  compel 
commission  men  to  open  their  books  and  tell  shippers 
of  farm  produce  who  bought  the  goods.  ‘  Well,  the 
Assembly  defeated  it  58  to  35.  There  was  an  hour’s 
debate.  The  city  members  opposed  the  bill,  claiming 
that  it  was  a  scheme  to  enable  the  farmers  to  sell 
direct,  and  that  it  was  impossible  for  the  commission 
men  to  comply.  The  city  men  had  their  own  way. 
There  are  only  13  farmers  out  of  150  Assemblymen, 
and  none  who  claim  to  be  strong  speakers  or  de¬ 
baters.  We  must  do  the  work  all  over  again  and  try 
to  do  it  better.  There  must  be  more  farmers  in  the 
next  Legislature ! 

* 

Japan  is  sending  a  new  farm  product  to  Europe 
which  is  likely  to  change  several  industries.  This  is 
the  Soy  bean.  At  one  German  port  alone  4823  tons 
were  imported  in  one  shipment.  The  oil  from  these 
beans  is  one-third  cheaper  than  linseed  and  can  be 
used  for  soap  making  and  many  other  products,  in¬ 
cluding  food.  The  bean  meal  is  used  for  cattle  feed¬ 
ing  and  also  mixed  with  flour  for  human  food.  In 
fact,  few  agricultural  products  have  made  such 
changes  in  both  farm  and  manufacturing  industries  as 
the  Soy  bean  promises  to  do  in  Europe.  In  this  coun¬ 
try  a  comparatively  few  farmers  have  grown  the  Soy 
bean  and  found  it  very  useful.  It  is  a  great  stock 
food  and  soil  improver. 

* 

Not  long  ago  two  men  met  in  the  Capitol  at 
Washington  and  began  to  compare  notes.  One  was 
a  New  England  farmer — the  other  a  restaurant 
keeper.  The  Canadian  reciprocity  bill  was  up.  The 
farmer  opposed  it  because  he  felt  sure  that  Canadian 
milk  and  cream  would  be  largely  imported,  and  thus 
put  the  local  farmers  still  more  under  the  control  of 
city  milk  contractors.  The  restaurant  man  rejoiced 
that  the  bill  seemed  likely  to  pass  because  it  would 
lower  prices  for  his  cream.  He  could  charge  just 
the  same  for  his  ice  cream  as  before,  and  save  20  per 
cent  or  more  in  cost.  The  farmer  could  not  control 
the  price  of  his  milk  and  cream  and  must  take  what 
is  offered  him.  That  is  just  about  where  the  scheme 
for  free  trade  in  food  products  will  lead  to. 

* 

Several  readers  ask  what  the  Guernsey  Cattle  Club 
did  about  that  famous  cow  case.  They  passed  the 
following  resolution: 

Resolved,  that  the  action  of  Mr.  IT.  A.  C.  Taylor,  a 
member  of  this  Club,  in  interfering  by  process  of  law 
with  the  performance  by  the  executive  committee  of  its 
duties  and  in  obtaining  an  injunction  against  the  officers, 
executive  committee  and  members  of  this  club,  in  order  to 
compel  publication  of  an  advance  register  record  for  two 
of  his  cows,  constitutes  a  grave  breach  of  his  obligations 
as  a  member  of  this  club,  and  that  Mr.  Taylor  be  and 
hereby  is  called  upon  to  apologize  to  the  club  and  the 
executive  committee  for  his  conduct. 

We  hope  Mr.  Taylor  will  “come  back”  and  do  what 
should  be  done — call  off  that  injunction  and  leave 
the  executive  committee  of  the  club  free  to  settle  the 
question  of  Missy’s  record.  This  is  the  wisest  plan 
to  adopt.  That  committee  may  be  trusted  to  do  what 
is  right. 

* 

It  is  reported  to  us  that  the  famous  Bellows  milk 
case  was  decided  on  appeal  against  Mr.  Bellows. 
This  was  a  law  case  designed  to  find  out  what  rights 
a  milk  farmer  has  when  his  milk  is  rejected  in  an 
arbitrary  manner  by  inspectors  of  the  New  York  City 
Board  of  Health.  The  court  has  apparently  decided 
that  the  Board  of  Health  has  the  right  for  a  reason 
or  without  a  reason  to  do  anything  they  choose  with 
the  dairyman’s  produce.  When  we  receive  the  full 
text  of  the  decision  we  shall  discuss  it  fully.  As  it 
stands  now  there  is  apparently  no  appeal  from  the 
Board  of  Health’s  orders.  The  injustice  of  such  a 
situation  is  only  in  line  with  the  way  the  other  “in¬ 
terests”  think  they  can  ride  over  the  farmers!  Why 
do  they  think  they  can  safely  do  such  things?  Be¬ 
cause  they  feel  convinced  that  the  farmers  will  growl 
a  little  but  never  go  so  far  as  to  demand  their  rights 
outside  of  the  two  old  parties.  A  letter  from  Mr. 
Bellows  is  found  on  page  657.  We  want  to  study 
the  opinion  before  advising  about  a  further  appeal. 


We  rejoice  to  see  that  our  readers  are  still  chasing 
up  the  local  papers  when  occasion  demands.  Our 
friend  D.  FI.  Ayers,  of  Tompkins  Co.,  N.  Y.,  re¬ 
cently  did  a  fine  job  at  this  cornering  and  branding. 
The  “Ithaca  Journal”  printed  a  “smart”  editorial  on 
reciprocity  in  which  it  spoke  of  “average  citizens” 
who  knew  nothing  about  the  subject.  They  should 
leave  such  important  matters  to  Congressmen  “with 
accurate  knowledge  to  back  their  judgment.”  Then 
Mr.  Ayers  came  in  with  the  following : 

Speaking  of  tbe  supposed  wisdom  of  our  legislators, 
kindly  allow  me  to  digress  a  little.  The  proposed  con¬ 
stitutional  amendment  providing  for  popular  election  of 
United  States  Senators  was  defeated  in  tbe  Senate  by  tbe 
lack  of  four  votes.  Both  of  tbe  Senators  from  this  State 
voted  in  tbe  negative.  ITad  they  voted  in  the  affirmative 
tbe  result  would  have  been  a  tie.  In  that  event  tbe  Vice- 
Fresident  also  from  this  State,  would  have  cast  the  de¬ 
ciding  vote.  In  other  words,  the  amendment  with  the 
extremely  important  provision  for  Federal  supervision  of 
such  elections  failed  when  it  was  within  the  power  of 
the  representatives  from  New  York  State  to  have  started 
it  on  its  journey  toward  becoming  a  part  of  the  funda¬ 
mental  law  of  the  land.  And  this  at  a  time  when  no 
doubt  a  large  majority  of  the  voters  of  the  State  were 
disgusted  with  the  present  method  of  electing  a  United 
States  Senator. 

Did  the  “Ithaca  Journal”  have  anything  more  to 
offer  about  the  great  wisdom  of  New  York’s  repre¬ 
sentatives?  Not  a  word.  What  was  there  to  say? 
It  was  fairly  cornered  and  branded  “G”  for  guff.  Such 
men  as  Mr.  Ayers  do  farmers  good  service  when  they 

makes  these  papers  put  up  or  shut  up! 

* 

“You  er.couragc  a  class  of  unreasonable  kickers.” 

In  the  course  of  the  year  we  receive  a  good  many 
brickbats  and  some  few  bouquets.  Some  of  the  brick¬ 
bats  have  sharp  edges  and  are  hurled  with  a  strong 
arm.  We  regard  the  above  sentence  as  a  bouquet — a 
regular  lily  of  the  valley.  The  gentleman  who  wrote 
it  has  received  more  free  advertising  than  anyone  else 
we  recall  at  this  time.  He  has  things  to  sell.  One 
of  our  readers  sent  him  an  order  and  had,  we  think, 
fair  cause  for  complaint.  You  see  most  people  who 
are  fed  large  quantities  of  “taffy”  and  praise  get  it  all 
in  the  head  where  it  forms  an  enlargement.  The 
gentleman  quoted  above  seems  to  think  he  is  a  law 
unto  himself.  One  who  asks  a  fair  question  about  his 
goods  is  a  “leg-puller”  and  a  “blackmailer,”  and  “un¬ 
reasonable  kicker.”  “Lese  majesty”  is  the  crime  of  be¬ 
littling  the  power  or  dignity  of  a  ruler!  We  plead 
guilty  of  doing  our  best  to  train  a  body  of  kickers 
who  will  use  their  boots  with  full  power  whenever 
there  is  just  cause  for  it.  The  Supreme  Court  has 
read  “unreasonable”  into  the  Sherman  law,  and  our 
friend  seems  to  assume  that  every  question  about  his 
goods  is  an  unreasonable  kick.  We  would  never  en¬ 
courage  a  man  to  find  fault  over  small  or  trivial 
things.  Better  forget  them.  When  it  comes  to  a 
plain  case  of  injustice  or  hold-up  our  advice  is  to  kick 
with  all  the  power  you  can  muster  and  we  will  help 
in  the  job.  And  we  take  particular  pleasure  in  help¬ 
ing  when  some  one  thinks  himself  so  large  that  he  can 
wave  fair  criticism  away  like  a  quotation  from  the 
Scriptures :  “Wherefore  kick  ye  at  my  sacrifice  and 
mine  offering.’” 


BREVITIES. 

Point  out  the  difference  between  special  privilege  and 
“graft !” 

This  plan  of  catching  mice  and  rats  with  sticky  fly 
paper  is  worth  trying. 

Thus  far  the  season  is  a  series  of  extremes  of  rain  and 
drought — with  too  much  of  the  latter. 

The  Business  Hen  must  work  for  small  wages  in  China. 
Eggs  bring  from  two  to  four  cents  per  dozen. 

Yes,  sir;  you  cut  out  a  big  job  for  yourself  when  you 
try  to  make  a  Baldwin  orchard  bear  every  year. 

You  want  to  realize  all  the  sides  to  this  Hairy  vetch 
proposition.  The  crop  will  seed  itself  so  as  to  be  a 
nuisance  on  a  grain  farm. 

In  Europe  even  the  steam  of  locomotives  is  being 
utilized.  It  is  used  for  heating  water  in  the  storage 
tanks  so  that  it  is  fed  hot  into  the  boilers. 

The  cutworm  bait  which  we  have  often  mentioned  is 
made  by  using  one  pound  of  Paris  green  to  50  pounds  of 
wheat  bran,  sweetened  with  molasses.  Remember  that 
this  will  kill  farm  stock  as  well  as  cutworms. 

The  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  among  its  “origin  of 
names”  has  the  following :  Chicago ;  city  and  river  in 
Illinois.  The  Ojibwa  Indian  form,  she  kap-onp,  signifies 
“wild  onion  place,”  from  a  root  form  implying  a  “bad 
smell.” 

A  few  weeks  ago  a  New  York  reader  told  how  he  was 
charged  $11  per  ton  for  ground  limestone.  At  the.  South¬ 
ern  Illinois  Penitentiary  this  limestone  is  sold  at  60  cents 
to  one  dollar  per  ton,  and  the  railroads  make  special 
freight  rates. 

Three  familiar  and  superb  Narcissi,  which  gave  us 
great  satisfaction  this  Spring,  are  Emperor,  Horsfieldii 
and  Sir  Watkin,  the  first  a  yellow-flowered  trumpet,  the 
second  a  bi-color  trumpet,  and  the  third  a  chalice  or 
medium  crowned  sort,  golden  yellow  with  darker  crown. 
These  three  are  moderate  in  price,  robust  and  long-lived, 
and  can  be  recommended  especially  to  anyone  making  a 
start  with  the  Narcissus. 


191^. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


061 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

Myself  and  wife  are  E.  G.  Lewis's  dupes, 
hut  I  can  blame  myself,  as  my  wife  thought 
it  a  fraud.  When  he  started  his  U.  S. 
Hank  we  took  10  shares  apiece.  When  his 
hank  closed  we  assigned  our  stock  and  took 
his  trustee  note..  We  kept  it  quite  a  while. 
When  again  we  wanted  our  money,  he  called 
for  the  notes  and  we  sent  them  and  received 
his  interim  receipt,  and  some  time  ago  he 
wanted  more,  but  I  “got  onto  him.”  I  am 
an  old  bricklayer,  60  years  old,  and  a  few 
years  ago  lost  the  sight  of  one  eye ;  I 
can  ill  afford  to  lose  the  money.  Do  you 
think  it  cafi  be  collected?  Surely  God  in 
His  infinite  mercy  won't  let  him  go  unpun¬ 
ished  if  the  people  do.  I  glory  in  your 
fearlessness ;  hammer  at  the  frauds. 

Pennsylvania.  w-  <*.  n. 

1  have  one  and  1/100  share  of  preferred 
stock  in  the  Lewis  Publishing  Co.  with  diyi- 
dends  due,  issued  to  me  November  28,  1905. 
All  the  dividends  I  have  received  is  $5.78. 
What  can  you  do  with  it?  Can  you  sell  it  or 
collect  it?*  I  would  like  to  get  something 
out  of  it.  The  money  belonged  to  my  wife  ; 
that  is  what  makes  me  so  sore  over  it.  I 
put  the  money  in  the  People’s  U.  S.  Bank 
at  first  and  then  transferred  it  to  the  Lewis 
Publishing  Co.  I  ought  to  have  taken  the 
85  cents  on  the  dollar.  F.  B. 

Massachusetts. 

The  above  two  letters  will  serve  to 
show  the  way  E.  G.  Lewis  served  the 
people  who  trusted  to  his  promises  six 
years  ago,  when  the  old  bank  was  closed. 
These  people  might  have  had  what 
cash  the  receiver  could  pay  on  their 
claims,  but  Lewis  promised  to  pay  them 
in  full  if  they  would  turn  over  their 
bank  claims  to  him.  He  pledged  his 
“private  fortune”  and  his  “sacred  honor” 
to  pay  them  dollar  for  dollar.  These 
correspondents  and  thousands  of  others 
relied  on  his  pledges,  and  sent  him  their 
certificates.  To  some  he  gave  the  three- 
year  trustee  notes  referred  to  by  W.  S. 
R.  Others  he  induced  to  take  the  stock 
of  the  Publishing  Company  under  ex¬ 
travagant  promises  and  misrepresenta¬ 
tions.  He  declared  an  18  per  cent  divi¬ 
dend  on  the  stock  later,  and  actually 
paid  2 per  cent  of  it,  promising  to  pay 
the  balance  in  installments.  He  sold 
more  of  the  stock  for  cash  on  the 
strength  of  this  dividend.  The  dividend 
was  not  earned,  and  the  balance  of  it 
was  not  paid,  and  never  will  be.  The 
people  who  accepted  his  pledges  to  pay 
dollar  for  dollar,  are  not  able  to  get  a 
cent  of  either  interest  or  principle.  We 
could  fill  this  paper  week  after  week 
with  letters  like  the  above,  many  of 
them  showing  greater  distress  than 
these. 

Lewis  is  now  trying  to  work  the 
same  trick  on  these  and  other  creditors. 
He  has  published  a  depositor’s  agree¬ 
ment  and  gone  through  the  form  of  ap¬ 
pointing  John  W.  Williams  controller. 
This  title  “controller”  sounds  big,  but 
clerk  or  office  boy  would  serve  as  well. 
He  wants  you  now  to  send  him  all  of 
your  papers  and  evidence  of  indebted¬ 
ness  of  every  kind,  just  as  these  people 
sent  their  bank  stock  six  years  ago.  But 
with  this  difference :  He  made  them 
definite  promises  to  pay  them  in  full. 
He  makes  no  such  promise  now. 
Worthless  as  his  promises  have  proved 
to  be,  he  does  not  now  promise  that  he 
will  pay  these  claims.  You  are  to  sur¬ 
render  everything,  and  get  nothing  for 
at  least  five  years,  and  no  assurance  of 
anything  then.  The  alleged  agreement 
gives  him  full  authority  to  do  as  he 
pleases,  to  incur  such  expenses  as  he 
pleases,  to  collect  such  salaries  as  he 
pleases,  and  to  pay  his  attorneys  as 
much  as  he  pleases.  Certainly  if  you 
send  your  securities  to  him  under  this 
agreement  you  will  have  no  cause  to 
complain  of  his  failure  to  return  you 
anything.  He  makes  it  brutally  plain 
that  you  need  not  expect  it.  You  have 
no  redress,  and  no  hold  on  him  for  a 
single  penny  or  promise.  Some  credi¬ 
tors  who  first  sent  their  claims  to  him 
now  see  that  they  acted  too  hastily,  and 
they  are  applying  to  their  attorneys  to 
get  them  back,  alleging  misrepresenta¬ 
tion  and  fraud  in  inducing  them  to  send 
them. 

All  creditors  should  demand  the  re¬ 
turn  of  their  papers.  The  Lewis  con¬ 
cerns  are  sure  to  be  closed  out  through 
court  proceedings  now  that  action  has 
been  begun  for  the  protection  of  their 
interests,  and  left  as  they  are  now  by 
those  who  deposited  their  claims  with 
him,  he  will  be  in  position  to  collect 
the  money  on  them,  if  any  is  coming  on 
the  claims,  just  as  he  did  with  the 
$1,300,000  claims  he  took  out  of  the 
old  bank  on  similar  assignments. 

If  you  have  any  doubt  about  our  ad¬ 
vice,  just  take  your  papers,  including 
his  “Depositor’s  Agreement, ’f  to  any 
reliable  attorney,  tell  him  just  what  has 
happened  in  the  past,  and  get  his  ad¬ 
vice.  See  if  he  does  not  tell  you  that 
the  whole  thing  has  been  a  swindle 
from  the  first.  We  are  getting  claims 
every  day  from  people  whjo  consult 
their  attorneys  and  then  send  on  the 
claims  direct  on  the  advice  or  through 


the  attorneys.  Claud  D.  Hall,  705 
Olive  St.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  the  attorney 
in  charge  of  the  bankruptcy  and  fore¬ 
closure  suits,  is  receiving  similar  claims 
daily. 

Mr.  Lewis  and  his  agent,  Mr.  John 
W.  Williams,  are  making  desperate  ef¬ 
forts  to  get  possession  of  the  claims 
on  which  the  suits  are  brought.  They 
claim  that  they  will  be  put  to  the 
hardship  of  paying  them  unless  the  suits 
are  withdrawn.  The  people  holding 
the  claims  can  stand  such  a  calamity — 
to  Mr.  Lewis.  It  is  about  time  that  he 
did  pay  something.  But  we  can  tell 
him  now  that  nothing  short  of  payment 
will  put  these  claims  into  his  hands. 
He  can  have  them  any  time  he  pays 
over  the  cash  promised  six  or  seven 
years  ago,  with  interest  to  date.  Even 
as  I  write  news  comes  that  Mr.  Lewis 
and  his  wife  are  having  a  gala  time  in 
the  hotels  and  entertainment  halls  of 
California.  He  has  money  enough  for 
everything  except  the  payment  of  his 
debts.  Many  of  his  poor  victims  are 
unable  to  secure  even  the  necessities  of 
life.  Some  of  them  are  actually  de¬ 
pendent  on  charity  and  many  of  them 
are  suffering  for  the  use  of  the  money, 
which  belongs  to  them  and  which  Mr. 
Lewis  is  spending  in  high-class  hotels. 

Later  we  received  this  by  wire : 

By  public  announcement  Lewis  was  to 
meet  creditors  at  Los  Angeles  Chapter 
house  on  Monday.  M-any  attended.  Lewis 
failed  to  appear,  but  sent  word  that  ho  was 
suffering  from  gall  stones.  Addressed  suf¬ 
fragette  meeting.  Times  published  editor¬ 
ial  criticism. 

We  always  did  feel  that  Lewis  had  a 
surplus  of  gall. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — Fire  in  Kansas  City  stock 
yards  May  18  destroyed  sheep  pens,  covering 
a  block,  burned  1,000  sheep  and  destroyed 
two  mule  barns.  A  new  fire  station  was 
partly  destroyed.  Many  sheep  were  guided 
into  lanes  and  driven  to  safety.  One  goat 
was  seen  leading  seventy-five  sheep  to  safety 
through  an  open  gate.  Thirty  goats,  which 
were  used  to  load  sheep  to  the  packing 
houses,  perished.  Several  thousand  mules 
were  saved.  The  damage  is  $50,000. 

Assessor  Henry  Dalton  of  Oakland,  Cal., 
one  of  the  best  known  politicians  in  the 
State,  was  arrested  May  18  charged  with 
taking  a  bribe  from  the  Spring  Valley  Water 
Co.  for  reducing  that  corporation's  assess¬ 
ment.  Dalton's  income  was  recently  reduced 
by  the  Legislature  from  $25,000  in  fees 
to  $7,500  in  salary.  Recently,  it  is  charged, 
he  sent  for  a  representative  of  the  Spring 
Valley  Company  and  said  that  he  proposed 
to  increase  the  corporation's  assessment  in 
Alameda  county  about  $2,500,000.  A  few 
days  later,  it  is  charged,  he  again  sent  for 
the  representative  and  made  a  proposition 
to  reduce  this  assessment  if  the  company 
would  give  him  half  of  what  was  saved. 
He  received  an  installment  of  $5,000,  and 
was  arrested  while  the  money  was  still  in 
his  possession. 

Fire  started  in  .Tolinsburg,  Warren  coun¬ 
ty,  N.  Y.,  May  18,  was  blown  across  the 
Sacandaga  River,  and  destroyed  more  than 
20,000  acres  of  heavy  standing  timber.  Help 
was  summoned  by  telephone,  and  many 
State  road  builders  responded,  fighting  the 
spreading  fire  with  water  from  the  river. 
The  flames  were  threatening  the  destruction 
of  the  hamlet  of  Bakers  Mills  when  a  heavy 
raip  set  in  and  put  the  fire  out. 

Fire  which  started  in  the  rear  of  the 
Lucas  building  at  Shetucket  and  Little 
Water  Streets,  Norwich,  Conn.,  May  19,  de¬ 
stroyed  half  of  that  building,  the  livery 
stables  of  O.  H.  Reynolds,  and  the  stables 
connected  with  the  American  House,  doing 
damage  estimated  at  $50,000. 

Thomas  Riggs,  chief  of  tb/e  Alaskan 
Boundary  Survey,  and  fifty  men,  who  will 
mark  the  Alaska  boundary  between  the 
Porcupine  River  and  the  Arctic  Ocean,  sailed 
May  23  for  Skagway.  Their  undertaking 
involves  great  hardship  and  many  dangers. 
The  surveyors  will  descend  the  Yukon  on 
the  first  steamer  and  make  their  way  on 
horseback  up  the  Porcupine.  The  boundary 
follows  the  41st  meridian.  The  line  will 
be  established  by  triangulation,  then  a  strip 
of  timber  ten  feet  wide  on  each  side  of  the 
line  is  to  be  cleared.  This  done,  monuments 
of  aluminum  bronze  will  be  placed  at  dis¬ 
tances  of  four  miles.  Each  monument  is  set 
in  <a  ton  of  concrete. 

Interstate  commerce  unreasonably  re¬ 
strained  and  competition  unreasonably  pre¬ 
vented  are  the  two  most  prominent  bases 
of  the  suit  which  the  Government  filed  May 
19  against  a  number  of  associations  and 
individuals  engaged  in  the  traffic  in  lumber. 
Ten  trade  organizations  and  upward  of  150 
individuals  are  named  in  this  action.  It  is 
charged  that  by  a  system  of  blacklisting 
private  persons  and  corporations  have  been 
kept  from  having  direct  relations  with  the 
wholesalers,  and  that  by  unlawful  agree¬ 
ment  all  competition  for  trade  has  been 
thrown  into  the  hands  of  the  defendants  to 
the  exclusion  of  contractors,  builders,  manu¬ 
facturers  of  finished  lumber  and  the  con¬ 
sumer.  The  defendants  are  the  Eastern 
States  Retail  Lumber  Dealers’  Association, 
a  corporation  of  this  State,  and  its  officers, 
Richard  S.  White,  president;  William  C. 
McBride,  vice-president  and  director;  Louis 
A.  Mansfield,  secretary  and  treasurer,  and 
its  directors  and  members.  The  New  York 
Lumber  Trade  Association,  also  of  this 
State;  the  Building  Material  Men’s  Asso¬ 
ciation  of  Westchester  County,  the  Lumber 
Dealers’  Association  of  Connecticut,  the 
Massachusetts  Retail  Lumber  Dealers’  As¬ 
sociation,  the  Lumber  Dealers’  Association 
of  Rhode  Island  and  the;  Retail  Lumber¬ 
men's  Association  of  Baltimore. 

The  heroism  of  Joseph  Howard,  a  convict 
from  Howard  county,  Iowa,  who  was  doing 
time  at  Anamosa  for  forgery,  has  secured 
for  him  a  pardon  from  Gov.  Carroll.  When 
the  boiler  in  the  Anamosa  Reformatory  got 
beyond  control  and  an  explosion  was  threat¬ 
ened,  Howard  rushed  through  clouds  of 
escaping  steam  to  the  machinery  and  shut 
it  off. 


The  steamer  Homer  Ramsdell  of  the  Cen¬ 
tral  Hudson  Steamboat  Company  Line,  ply¬ 
ing  between  Newburgh  and  New  York,  was 
burned  to  the  water's  edge  May  21,  entailing 
a  loss  of  at  least  $250,000.  Four  men  were 
on  the  boat  at  the  time  the  fire  started, 
but  three  escaped,  the  fourth  being  drowned. 
The  cause  of  the  fire  is  not  known. 

With  only  two  votes  in  opposition  the 
New  York  Senate  May  23  passed  Assembly- 
man  Brennan’s  bill  regulating  the  product 
of  cold  storage  warehouses.  Amendments 
offered  by  Senator  Bill'd  which  would  have 
changed  the  time  limit  for  storage  of  certain 
commodities,  were  voted  down  on  the  ground 
that  any  changes  now  would  endanger  the 
bill,  which  as  it  stood  was  the  carefully 
worded  product  of  the  Committee  on  Public 
Health.  The  bill  places  the  State  Health 
Commissioner  in  charge  of  cold  storage  ware¬ 
houses,  gives  him  power  to  inspect  them  at 
least  once  in  each  quarter,  and  to  seize  and 
destroy  foodstuffs  in  storage  deemed  unfit 
for  use.  It  provides  that  most  foodstuffs 
may  be  kept  in  cold  storage  only  six  months, 
and  in  no  case  may  any  be  kept  for  more 
than  a  year. 

Information  as  to  what  steps  had  been 
taken  for  the  criminal  prosecution  of  the 
officers  of  the  Standard  Oil  Company  under 
the  recent  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court 
was  asked  from  the  Attorney  General  May 
23  by  the  Senate  at  Washington,  which 
adopted  without  discussion  a  resolution  of 
inquiry  offered  by  Senator  Pomerene.  The 
resolution  names  specifically  John  D.  Rocke¬ 
feller,  William  Rockefeller,  Henry  H. 
Rogers,  Henry  M.  Flagler,  John  D.  Archbold, 
Oliver  II.  Payne  and  Charles  M.  Pratt.  It 
says  that  the  Supreme  Court  held  the  corpo¬ 
ration  illegal,  and  in  effect  its  officers  guilty 
of  forming  a  combination  in  restraint  of 
trade.  Therefore,  the  resolution  continues, 
the  seven  men  named  are  amenable  to  crim¬ 
inal  prosecution,  and  “the  Attorney  General 
of  the  United  States  be  and  is  hereby  di¬ 
rected  to  inform  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States  what,  if  any,  prosecutions  have  been 
begun  or  are  now  pending  against  the  said 
Standard  Oil  Company  of  New  Jersey,  or  the 
said  constituent  companies  or  individual  de¬ 
fendants  above  named,  or  any  of  them,  for 
violations  of  said  sections  1  or  2  of  said 
Sherman  anti-trust  law.”  Henry  H.  Rogers, 
named  in  the  resolution  as  one  of  the  direc¬ 
tors,  is  dead. 

The  orchard  grass  seed  crop  in  Clark 
county,  Ind.,  promises  to  be  good  this  year 
and  is  expected  to  bring  as  high  as  $2  a 
bushel.  The  output  of  the  members  of  the 
Orchard  Grass  Seed  Association  alone  last 
year  was  valued  at  $50,000.  This  year  it 
will  be  larger. 


DIARY  OF  FARM  WORK. 
What  Farmers  Have  Done. 


May  15.- — Mr.  Hand,  farmer  at  the'Lewis 
Farm,  awoke  at  4  a.  m.  Mr.  Hand  pro- 
leeded  to  feed  and  milk  the  eows.  His  man 
feeds  horses  and  cares  for  them,  and  cleans 
up  stables,  then  breakfast,  after  which  he 
proceeds  to  creamery  to  deliver  the  milk  of 
the  day.  Then  with  one  hired  man  devoted 
the  day  to  repairs  of  fences. 

May  16. — Early  part  of  the  day  as  yes¬ 
terday  ;  two  of  our  men  devoted  the  day  to 
finishing  repairs  to  fences  practically  for 
the  season.  Mr.  Hand  worked  with  the  cul¬ 
tivator  and  weeder  in  the  potatoes,  which 
now  can  be  seen  in  the  row;  this  cultiva¬ 
tion  during  the  dry  .weather  helps  to  de¬ 
stroy  the  weeds  and  helps  to  retain  the 
moisture.  Our  corn  is  about  all  up  to  be 
seen  in  the  row ;  has  been  worked  in  until 
the  ground  is  in  fine  order.  Potato  bugs 
are  bountiful  owing  to  the  few  days  of 
warm  weather,  and  it  bids  fair  for  them  to 
be  troublesome.  D.  c.  L. 

Middlesex  Co.,  N.  J. 

Mr.  King  has  a  big  farm,  keeps  lots  of 
men  and  does  things  on  a  big  scale.  I 
only  have  28  acres  all  told,  and  only  about 
one-half  of  that  plowed  land,  and  work  out 
a  good  deal,  besides  doing  my  own  work, 
but  if  what  I  do  will  be  of  any  help  1  am 
willing  to  send  in  a  report  almost  any  time. 

May  15  I  commenced  at  six  o’clock  to 
plant  corn ;  my  boy  helped  me  to  drop  it 
and  I  did  all  the  covering.  '  We  finished  at 
three  in  the  afternoon,  and  call  it  a  day’s 
work ;  there  was  one  acre.  I  took  a  potato 
planter,  took  off  the  disks  and  then  fur¬ 
rowed  it  out,  running  in  at  the  same  time 
835  pounds  fertilizer,  4-8-10  goods.  The 
ground  was  prepared  and  fertilizer  run  in 
before  we  planted  the  corn.  w.  L.  H. 

Maine. 

Two  Days  on  an  Illinois  Farm. 


May  17. — The  chief  business  on  this  farm 
is  growing  small  fruits,  the  strawberry  being 
our  specialty,  but  we  do  some  general  farm¬ 
ing  also,*  and  it  happens  that  the  work  on 
these  two  days  was  in  connection  with  the 
farm  duties  rather  more  than  those  related 
to  the  fruit.  The  weather  throughout  April 
was  very  unfavorable  for  working  the  soil, 
frequent  rains  putting  farmers  behind  ;  hence 
much  work  has  been  crowded  into  the  past 
three  or  four  weeks  that  should  have  been 
distributed  over  at  least  six  weeks.  On  the 
morning  of  May  17  we  hustled  out  of  bed 
as  we  found  the  daylight  appearing,  and 
the  kitchen  clock  told  us  it  was  3.40  a.  m. 
We  are  not  accustomed  to  rising  quite  this 
early  throughout  the  working  season,  but 
the  strawberry  harvest  will  commence  about 
June  1,  and  with  75  to  100  pickers  on  hand 
promptly  every  morning  at  five  o’clock,  the 
boss  must  be  up  at  3.30  to  4  o’clock,  as 
there  is  much  to  do  in  preparation  for  the 
day’s  work.  We  like  to  become  thoroughly 
broken  in  before  that  time  comes.  The 
kitchen  fire  is  started,  and  then  we  head  for 
the  barn.  The  moon  hangs  low  in  the 
southern  sky,  showing  half  her  face.  In 
the  east  there  is  evidence  of  a  greater  lumi¬ 
nary  appearing,  though  it  is  yet  too  dark 
for  the  wondering  chickens  to  do  more  than 
stretch  out  their  necks  and  peer  about  for 
the  first  evidence  of  an  early  breakfast. 
The  horses  greet  us  with  a  good-natured 
whinny,  and  we  give  them  their  breakfast 
of  corn,  oats  and  hay.  Then  we  give  them 
a  good  grooming,  and  throw  on  the  harness. 
Going  to  the  well,  we  fill  a  watering  can 
and  give  a  bed  of  plants  a  good  drenching, 
as  we  had  forgotten  to  do  this  the  evening 
before,  and  the  weather  is  so  hot  and  dry 
that  it  is  not  safe  to  delay  longer.  By  this 
time  breakfast  is  ready,  and  how  good  it 
tastes  after  the  exercise  in  the  fresh  morn¬ 
ing  air !  Those  who  sleep  till  seven  or  eight 
o’clock  don’t  know  how  much  that  is  really 
enjoyable  they  are  missing.  We  are  in  the 
field  at  5.30.  harrowing  a  piece  of  ground 
that  had  been  broken  the  evening  before. 
It  wouldn't  do  to  wait  till  wind  and  sun  had 
made  the  clods  as  hard  as  cobblestones. 
Now  they  fall  to  pieces  as  they  touch  the 
harrow  teeth,  and  we  have  a  smooth,  mellow 


seed-bed.  One  man  had  been  instruct' d  the 
evening  before  to  hitch  to  the  manure 
spreader.  Here  he  comes  with  a  big  load 
of  “high-grade”  fertilizer  from  the  village. 
Our  land  runs  up  to  the  corporate  limits, 
and  we  can  get  all  the  manure  for  the 
hauling  that  we  want.  While  just  a  little 
behind  with  the  work,  we  decided  to  put  in. 
a  day  and  a  half  spreading  manure  on  a  thin 
spot  on  a  field  we  intend  for  corn.  An¬ 
other  man  finished  the  job  of  cutting  bloom 
from  the  newly-set  strawberry  bed.  This  is 
done  with  a  spud,  and  can  be  accomplished 
quite  rapidly.  Finished  harrowing  by  9.30, 
and  then  hitched  to  a  two-horse  cultivator 
and  put  in  the  remainder  of  the  day  culti¬ 
vating  the  strawberries.  Finished  a  little 
before  6  p.  m.,  and  the  horses  were  turned 
out  in  the  lot  and  allowed  to  roll  and  shake 
themselves  a  short  time  before  being  fed. 

I  forgot  to  mention  that  they  were  given  a 
drink  at  9.30  a.  m.  and  3.30  p.  m.  How 
they  enjoy  these  two  occasions,  and  how 
they  turn  off  the  work  for  the  next  two 
hours  !  Supper  is  over,  the  evening  paper 
is  taken  up,  and  between  the  accounts  of 
the  doings  of  the  Illinois  Legislature,  the 
debates  in  Congress,  and  the  conflicting  ru¬ 
mors  of  peace  and  renewed  hostilities  in 
Mexico,  we  listen  to  the  wife's  details  of  her 
day's  work.  She  has  set  the  last  hen  for 
this  season — 14  have  hatched  and  the  in¬ 
cubator  is  to  turn  out  its  brood  next  week. 
The  breeding  pen  of  White  Orpingtons  has 
been  given  free  range,  and  the  early  chicks 
are  well  feathered.  The  Ladies’  Aid  are 
making  up  another  car  of  old  newspapers 
and  magazines.  The  Epwortli  girls  were 
out  soliciting  “eatables”  for  their  exchange. 
The  housecleaning  is  done,  and  life  once 
more  looks  pleasant. 

f 

May  18. — The  clock  strikes  the  half  hour 
between  3  and  4  as  we  build  the  fire  in  the 
range.  Out  to  the  barn,  and  we  say  "good 
morning”  as  the  expectant  faces  of  our 
equine  friends  are  turned  to  us.  They  are 
glad  to  see  us,  and  we  are  glad  to  see  them. 
We  pass  many  pleasant  hours  together  dur¬ 
ing  the  day,  and  we  are  friends.  We  take 
pleasure  in  first  offering  each  a  bucket  of 
water,  and  then  giving  them  a  good  break¬ 
fast — not  too  much,  but  just  enough,  prin¬ 
cipally  grain.  After  breakfast  we  hitch 
to  the  disk,  and  cut  a  field  of  stalks,  which 
we  intend  again  to  put  in  corn.  It  is  on  a 
part  of  this  field  that  we  are  spreading  ma¬ 
nure.  We  decide  to  keep  the  spreader  going 
all  day.  In  the  morning  two  teams  will 
start  to  plowing,  and  we  will  make  quick 
work  of  getting  in  the  remainder  of  our 
corn  crop.  The  man  who  finished  cutting 
the  strawberry  bloom  yesterday,  to-day  cut 
dock  out  of  the  bearing  beds.  We  got  this 
disreputable  weed  from  the  straw  that  we 
use  in  mulching.  With  the  spuds  we  cut 
them  about  an  inch  below  the  surface  of  the 
ground,  and  toss  them  on  the  ground  be¬ 
tween  the  rows.  Our  bods  this  year  are 
remarkably  clean.  Usually  we  have  some 
trouble  with  wheat  coming  up  from  seed  left 
in  the  straw,  but  this  season  there  is  none ; 
and  when  the  dock  is  cut  out,  the  18  acres 
will  be  the  smoothest  and  cleanest  beds  we 
have  ever  had.  The  promise  this  year  is  for 
a  heavy  crop..  The  raspberries  and  black¬ 
berries  need  cultivating,  and  this  will  be 
done  as  soon  as  the  corn  is  all  in.  Both 
give  evidence  of  bountiful  yields,  and  if  we 
have  rain  within  the  next  week  the  pros¬ 
pects  for  a  great  crop  of  small  fruit  will 
be  very  bright  indeed.  From  3.30  to  8.30 
is  not  paying  much  attention  to  the  eight- 
hour  system.  But  we  once  put  in  even 
longer  hours  in  a  railroad  office,  and  didn't 
enjoy  life  half  so  much  when  we  put  in 
less.  Oh,  yes,  there  are  long  hours  and 
much  hard  work  on  the  farm,  but  the  free¬ 
dom,  the  fresh  air,  the  keen  appetite  at  meal 
time,  with  the  abundance  of  good  things  to 
satisfy  it,  the  sound  sleep — these  are  ample 
compensations.  And  what  pleasure  there  is 
in  striving  after  better  results ;  seeking 
more  knowledge  with  reference  to  our  busi¬ 
ness,  aiming  higher  and  higher,  working 
in  harmony  with  the  forces  of  nature  to 
attain  greater  success  !  What  a  great  and 
inspiring  field  for  study  the  farmer  has 
spread  before  him !  All  the  elements  are 
at  his  hand  to  produce  magnificent  crops 
if  he  will  but  make  intelligent  use  of  them 
with  enough  drawbacks  and  setbacks  to  keep 
him  on  his  mettle,  and  to  call  forth  the 
best  that  is  in  him.  j.  c.  nicholls. 

Macon  Co.,  Ill. 


THE  MILLET  CROP. 

The  picture  at  Fig.  227,  page  643,  shows 
a  field  of  millet  grown  by  C.  I.  Hunt,  Liv¬ 
ingston  Co.,  N.  Y.  Many  farmers  find  millet 
a  very  valuable  crop,  especially  for  use  on 
a  dairy  farm.  It  makes  excellent  green 
fodder,  grows  rapidly  and  will  come  in  be¬ 
tween  two  crops  so  as  to  keep  the  land 
occupied.  We  prefer  the  Japanese  Barnyard 
millet  for  most  purposes.  For  lighter  soils 
the  Hungarian  grass  or  German  millet  gives 
good  satisfaction.  The  Japanese  millet 
seems  to  require  a  heavier  soil  or  heavier 
feeding.  The  soil  for  millet  should  be  well 
prepared  and  thoroughly  fined,  as  the  seed 
is  small  and  must  be  put  in  properly,  if  a 
crop  is  to  be  expected.  For  green  fodder 
for  all  kinds  of  stock  this  millet  is  very 
satisfactory,  and  is  of  great  help  to  a 
dairyman  in  getting  through  a  dry  season. 
We  would  much  rather  use  it  green  than  to 
cure  it  as  hay.  It  makes  a  coarse,  heavy 
hay  fairly  good  for  cattle  feeding,  but  not 
suited  to  horses.  In  fact  we  would  not 
advise  the  use  of  millet  hay  in  horse  feed¬ 
ing  particularly  after  the  seed  forms.  Ex¬ 
periments  have  been  made  in  the  West  with 
millet  hay  when  fed  to  horses  and  in  prac¬ 
tically  every  case  the  result  was  disastrous, 
so  that  the  general  advice  is  given  to  feed 
millet  hay  to  the  cattle  and  keep  it  away 
from  the  horses.  We  have  also  found  Jap¬ 
anese  millet  when  seeded  late  in  the  season, 
say  in  early  August,  a  very  good  material 
for  mulching  strawberries.  A  piece  of  early 
potato  ground  can  be  cleared  in  time  for 
millet  seeding,  and  with  a  reasonable  amount 
of  moisture  there  will  be  large  growth  be¬ 
fore  frost.  If  this  is  cut  before  the  heads 
form  and  fairly  well  cured  it  will  make  a 
good  Winter  covering  for  the  berries,  and  in 
cases  where  such  mulch  is  expensive  the 
millet  crop  will  pay.  This  millet  is  also 
useful  in  cases  where  a  large  amount  of 
vegetable  matter  is  to  be  plowed  under.  A 
crop  of  oats  and  peas  can  be  put  under  in 
early  July,  then  a  crop  of  millet  can  be 
grown  to  be  plowed  under  in  kite  August, 
and  this  followed  by  rye  and  vetch. 


We  are  preparing  to  plant  potatoes  now, 
May  17 ;  a  very  few  have  planted.  Some 
corn  is  in  and  more  will  be  planted  soon. 
Oats  are  up  fine  and  wheat  doing  better 
since  the  freeze.  No  peach  blossoms  near 
us  this  year.  Pears  are  full  of  bloom  and 
apples  fairly  good.  J.  s.  p. 

Orleans  County,  N.  Y. 


663 


THE  RURAt  NEW-YORKER 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

NOBILITY. 

True  worth  is  in.  being,  not  seeming — 

In  doing  each  day  that  goes  by 
Some  little  good — not  in  the  dreaming 
Of  great  things  to  do  by  and  by. 

For  whatever  men  say  in  their  blindness, 
And  spite  of  the  fancies  of  youth, 

There’s  nothing  so  kingly  as  kindness, 

And  nothing  so  royal  as  truth. 

We  get  back  our  mete  as  we  measure — 

We  cannot  do  wrong  and  feel  right, 

Nor  can  we  give  pain  and  gain  pleasure, 

For  justice  avenges  each  slight. 

The  air  for  the  wing  of  the  sparrow, 

The  bush  for  the  robin  and  wren, 

But  always  the  path  that  is  narrow 
And  straight,  for  the  children  of  men. 

’Tis  not  in  the  pages  of  story 
The  heart  of  its  ills  to  beguile, 

Though  he  who  makes  courtship  to  glory 
Gives  all  that  he  hath  for  her  smile. 

For  when  from  her  heights  he  has  won  her, 
Alas !  it  is  only  to  prove 
That  nothing's  so  sacred  as  honor 
And  nothing  so  loyal  as  love '. 

We  cannot  make  bargains  for  blisses, 

Nor  catch  them  like  fishes  in  nets ; 

And  sometimes  the  thing  our  life  misses. 
Helps  more  than  the  thing  which  it  gets. 
For  good  lieth  not  in  pursuing, 

Nor  gaining  of  great  nor  of  small. 

But  just  in  the  doing,  and  doing 
As  we  would  be  done  by,  is  all. 

Through  envy,  through  malice,  through  hat¬ 
ing, 

Against  the  world,  early  and  late, 

No  jot  of  our  courage  abating — 

Our  part  is  to  work  and  to  wait. 

And  slight  is  the  sting  of  his  trouble 
Whose  winnings  are  less  than  his  worth ; 
For  he  who  is  honest  is  noble, 

Whatever  his  fortune  or  birth. 

— Alice  Cary. 

* 

A  lump  of  ambergris  weighing  about 
100  pounds,  and  valued  at  $60,000,  was 
recently  received  by  a  wholesale  drug 
firm  in  Boston.  It  was  obtained  from 
a  sickly  sperm  whale  harpooned  off  the 
coast  of  Africa  by  the  crews  of  two 
whaling  vessels  last  December.  Am¬ 
bergris  is  a  waxy  substance  secreted  in 
the  alimentary  tract  of  the  sperm  whale, 
its  formation  being  due  to  some  morbid 
condition.  It  is  powerfully  scented,  and 
is  used  sparingly  in  many  perfumes.  In 
medieval  times  it  was  used  as  a  flavor¬ 
ing  as  well  as  a  perfume,  and  we  read 
of  peacock  or  swan  with  ambergris 
dressing  as  a  royal  dish,  though  it 

sounds  rather  a  fearsome  dish  to  us. 

* 

Zwieback  is  often  ordered  for  dys¬ 
peptics,  in  place  of  ordinary  bread,  but 
it  will  be  enjoyed  by  others,  either 
eaten  like  crackers,  or  soaked  in  milk. 
Dissolve  half  a  cake  of  compressed 
yeast  in  half  a  cupful  of  lukewarm 
water,  and  add  it  to  one  cupful  of 
scalded  and  cooled  milk  and  one  cupful 
of  water;  add  three  cupfuls  of  flour, 
beat  thoroughly  and  set  in  a  warm 
place  to  rise.  When  light,  add  three- 
fourths  of  a  cupful  of  softened  butter, 
three  well-beaten  eggs,  half  a  cupful  of 
sugar,,  and  flour  sufficient  to  knead 
firmly.  When  smooth  and  elastic,  cover 
and  set  in  warm  place  to  rise  until 
doubled  in  bulk,  then  shape  into  long, 
narrow,  flat  loaves  and  bake  in  a  slow 
oven  50  minutes.  When  very  cold,  cut 
into  slices  half  an  inch  thick  and  brown 
in  a  slow  oven  to  a  pale  yellow.  Dur¬ 
ing  damp  weather  it  is  well  to  put  the 
zwieback  in  the  oven  occasionally,  to 

preserve  its  crispness. 

* 

A  story  in  the  “Youth’s  Companion” 
tells  of  an  emergency  in  which  a  New 
England  housewife  showed  her  “faculty” 
by  providing  nourishing  food  to  a  log¬ 
ging  camp  when  most  of  their  supplies 
were  lost  in  the  river  through  broken 
ice.  Bacon,  beans  and  other  staples 
were  gone,  so  she  told  them  they  should 
have  “white  monkey  on  toast.”  This  is 
how  she  made  the  “white  monkey.”  Six 
quarts  of  milk  were  put  on  to  heat  (re¬ 
member  this  was  a  big  party)  and  thick¬ 
ened  slightly  with  about  a  pint  of  corn- 
meal.  As  it  thickened  a  lump  of  butter, 


“about  half  the  size  of  a  brick,”  was 
stirred  in,  a  pound  of  crumbled  chees, 
and  then  a  dozen  eggs  were  stirred  in, 
and  the  whole  seasoned  with  salt  and 
cayenne  pepper.  After  simmering  a  few 
minutes  it  was  served  hot,  poured  over 
buttered  toast.  This  is  a  wholesale 
recipe,  but  it  sounds  as  good  as  the 
author  of  the  story  say  it  was,  and  it 
would  certainly  be  extremely  nourishing. 
We  think  it  would  be  worth  while  to 
experiment  with  “white  monkey  on 
toast.” 

* 

The  death  was  recently  noted  of 
Miss  Susan  Fowler,  of  New  Jersey, 
celebrated  as  the  original  wearer  of  the 
“bloomer”  costume.  She  died  at  the  age 
of  87,  having  worn  bloomers  for  over 
60  years.  While  she  did  not  live  to  see 
her  costume  generally  adopted,  she  may 
have  derived  some  consolation  from  the 
coming  of  the  harem  skirt.  We  can 
hardly  wonder  that  the  old-time  crino¬ 
line  drove  some  women  to  thoughts  of 
bloomers.  In  her  volume  of  recollec¬ 
tions,  Lady  Dorothy  Neville,  a  brilliant 
Englishwoman,  tells  how,  on  one  occa¬ 
sion,  she  leaned  over  an  open  fireplace 
to  reach  a  picture  on  the  mantel.  In  an 
instant  her  muslin  flounces,  stretched 
over  a  vast  crinoline,  were  in  flames. 
She  could  not  pull  her  skirt  off,  and 
other  women  in  the  room,  dressed  in  the 
same  style,  could  not  help  her  without 
their  own  balloon-like  skirts  catching 
fire.  Fortunately  Lady  Dorothy  had 
sufficient  presence  of  mind  to  throw  her¬ 
self  down  on  the  hearthrug,  which  she 
pulled  around  her,  and  thus  smothered 
the  flames  at  the  cost  of  a  few  burns. 
When  we  think  of  the  inconvenience, 
absurdity  and  even  danger  of  the  crino¬ 
line,  we  are  more  reconciled  to  the 
scant  outline  of  the  modern  skirt.  As 
for  the  harem  variety,  French  dress¬ 
makers  who  favored  it,  already  admit 
that  it  has  departed  to  the  limbo  of  dead 
fashions ;  it  was  worn  by  the  wrong 
people  and  turned  into  hopeless  ridicule, 
and  no  fashion  will  stand  that  long. 
There  is  more  than  a  whisper  of  fuller 
skirts,  and  we  think  the  Autumn  will 

bring  great  changes  in  fashion. 

* 

Sometimes  a  girl  who  has  always 
been  accustomed  to  a  neat  simplicity 
of  dress  looks  at  the  ultra-fashionable 
costumes  worn  by  many  business  women 
in  the  great  cities,  and  feels  a  certain 
envy  of  their  superior  style.  She  sees 
a  costume  fitted  for  a  garden  party  or 
an  afternoon  reception  worn  in  shop  or 
office,  and  fancies  that  her  plain  frock 
or  coat  and  skirt  looks  dowdy  in  com¬ 
parison.  Perhaps  it  does,  in  the  eye  of 
the  gorgeous  person  in  inappropriate 
clothes,  but  certainly  not  in  the  opinion 
of  a  sensible  employer.  One  of  our 
friends  who  places  a  great  many  girls 
in  employment — clerks,  stenographers, 
saleswomen  and  office  assistants — tells 
of  a  recent  order  from  a  man  in  search 
of  help  which  ended  with  the  warning, 
over  the  telephone — “and  don’t  send  me 
a  girl  with  a  powdered  nose  and  a 
bushel  of  false  hair.”  Another  employer, 
after  outlining  his  requirements,  added : 
“I  want  a  neat,  sensible  girl — not  one 
who  wears  cobweb  stockings  and  peek- 
a-boo  waists !”  We  do  not  suppose 
either  of  these  men  had  any  objection 
to  pretty  and  fashionable  clothes  appro¬ 
priately  worn,  but  they  obviously  con¬ 
sidered  that  exaggeration  in  dress  was 
likely  to  be  accompanied  by  other  un¬ 
desirable  qualities.  Every  woman  ought 
to  dress  as  becomingly  as  her  circum¬ 
stances  will  permit,  but  becomingness 
depends  upon  time  and  place,  and  a 
gown  that  would  be  charming  in  a  fash¬ 
ionable  tea-room  may  be  out  of  place 
in  a  shop  or  office.  A  girl  whose  en¬ 
tire  appearance  suggests  neatness  and 
good  sense  need  not  fear,  other  things 
being  equal,  that  she  has  less  opportun¬ 
ity  in  business  than  one  who  represents 
every  vagary  in  recent  fashion. 


Canning  Strawberries ;  Preserving 
Exhibition  Fruits. 

Can  some  one  tell  me  how  to  can  straw¬ 
berries  so  they  will  keep?  Also,  when  pre¬ 
serving  raw  fruits  in  alcohol,  what  per  cent 
alcohol  must  be  used  to  make  berries  retain 
their  color?  e.  l.  m. 

The  following  are  three  excellent 
recipes  for  canned  strawberries :  After 
the  berries  are  picked  over,  put  them  in 
a  jar,  with  a  layer  of  sugar  and  then 
of  berries  until  all  are  used.  Set  them 
in  the  cellar  over  night,  and  the  sugar 
will  penetrate  them,  and  no  water  must 
be  added;  there  will  be  sufficient  juice. 
Have  a  sugar  syrup  on  the  stove  hot, 
put  the  strawberries  in  and  let  them 
boil  up  gently;  then  fill  cans  with  the 
fruit  and  juice  all  cooked  together. 
Screw  on  the  cover,  stand  the  can  up¬ 
side  down  a  few  minutes,  then  turn 
again,  changing  it  in  this  way  until  it 
is  cool,  and  the  berries  will  not  rise  to 
the  top.  This  way  preserves  the  shape, 
color,  and  flavor  of  the  fruit. 

Canned  Strawberries,  No.  2. — An  ex¬ 
cellent  way  to  can  strawberries,  rasp¬ 
berries  or  any  fruit  that  requires  little 
or  no  cooking  is  the  following:  Pre¬ 
pare  fruit  carefully,  discarding  all 
blemished  or  imperfect  berries.  Pre¬ 
pare  a  syrup  of  one  quart  of  water 
boiled,  one  cupful  of  sugar.  More  or 
less  sugar  may  be  added  according  to 
the  taste  of  family  and  the  acidity  of 
the  fruit  to  be  canned.  Have  jars 
thoroughly  sterilized  as  above,  fill  with 
the  prepared  fruit,  pour  over  the  syrup 
until  it  is  filled  to  the  brim.  Screw  on 
cap  after  adjusting  rubber.  Place  jars 
in  a  stone  crock  with  thin  strips  of 
board  or  a  cloth  under  them  and  pour 
around  them  enough  boiling  water  to  fill 
crock  up  to  the  rubbers  on  jars.  Cover 
with  blankets,  carpets,  etc.,  to  exclude 
air,  and  leave  over  night  or  until  the 
water  is  cold.  Canned  in  this  way  soft 
fruits  keep  both  shape  and  color,  and 
( Continued  on  next  page. ) 


June  3, 

IV ii ex  you  write  advertisers  mention  Tin: 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

ASK  FOR 


PRINTS 


Why  spend  time-cost  and 
labor-cost  in  making  a  short¬ 
lived  dress  of  poor  material, 
when  you  can  buy 

Simpson-Eddystone 

Black- and -White  Print# 

These  are  superior  calicoes 
of  durable  old  -  fashioned 
quality  which  has  never  been 
lowered  in  the  68  y.^ars  of  its 
manufacture.  These  styl¬ 
ish  cotton  dress-goods  have 
charming  newdesigns  print¬ 
ed  in  absolutely  fadeless 
color  on  substantially  woven 
fabrics.  The  standard  since 
1842.  “Worth  making  up.” 

Show  this  advertisement  to  your 
dealer  when  you  order,  and  don’t 
accept  substitutes.  If  not  in  your 
dealer’sstock  write  us  hisnameand 
address.  We’ll  help  him  supply  you. 
The  Eddystone  Mf  g.  Co.,  Philad’a 


[Founded  1842byWmSimpsonSr. 


SHADE 
ROLLERS 

Original  and  unequalled. 
Wood  or  tin  rollers.  "Improved 
requires  no  tacks.  Inventor’s 
signature  on  genuine: 


DAISY  FLY  KILLER 


placed  anywhere,  at¬ 
tracts  &  kills  nil  flies. 

N*at,clean,oni»men(- 
tal. convenient, cheap. 
LASTS  ALL  SEASON 
Made  of  metal,  cannot 
spill  or  tip  over,  will 
not  soil  or  injure  any¬ 
thing.  Guaranteed 
effective.  Of  all 
dealers  or  sent  pre¬ 
paid  for  20  cents. 
HAROLD  SOMERS 
150  IIp  Kalh  Ave. 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


The 
Perfect 
Soda 
Cracker 

Uneeda  Biscuit  are  the  perfect 
soda  crackers.  The  flour  used  must 
meet  a  perfect  test.  The  very  purity 
of  the  water  is  made  doubly  sure.  Even 
the  air  in  the  mixing  and  bake  rooms  is 
filtered.  The  temperature  and  humidity  of 
the  atmosphere  is  accurately  regulated  to  a  uni¬ 
form  degree.  The  sponge  is  kneaded  by  polished 
paddles.  The  baking  is  done  in  the  cleanest  of 
modern  ovens.  Then  Uneeda  Biscuit  are 
packed  fresh  in  the  purple  and  white  pack¬ 
age  that  keeps  them  crisp  and  good  from 
oven  to  table.  Is  it  any  wonder  that 


Uneeda  .Biscuit 

are  recognized  as  the 
National  Soda 
Cracker? 

Never  sold 
in  bulk 


I* 


COMPANY 


1911. 


THE  RURAL-  NEW-YORKER 


053 


very  nearly  resemble  fresh  fruit.  Fruits 
that  lose  color,  such  as  strawberries  or 
red  raspberries,  should  have  paper  bags 
or  pasteboard  boxes  slipped  over  them 
to  exclude  the  light. 

Canned  Strawberries,  No.  3. — Fill  a 
quart  jar  with  large,  ripe  berries,  from 
which  the  hulls  have  been  taken ;  fill 
the  jar  with  cold  water;  then  pour  it 
out  again  into  a  measure.  For  every 
12  jars  to  be  put  up  use  13  of  these 
measures  of  water  and  in  it  dissolve 
six  pounds  of  sugar.  Pack  the  jar 
with  berries  as  closely  as  possible  with¬ 
out  mashing  them.  Fill  each  jar  up  to 
the  shoulder  with  syrup,  cover  loosely 
with  the  lid  and  set  it  in  a  large  boiler, 
which  should  have  a  loosely  fitting 
wooden  bottom  pierced  with  holes.  If 
set  on  the  metal  bottom  the  jars  are 
liable  to  crack.  When  the  boiler  is  full 
of  jars  pour  in  cold  water  up  to  their 
shoulders ;  cover  it  and  set  it  on  the 
fire.  At  the  same  time  put  the  surplus 
syrup  in  a  saucepan  and  allow  it  to  be¬ 
come  hot.  As  soon  as  the  water  in  the 
boiler  begins  to  boil  note  the  time,  and 
when  it  has  boiled  for  eight  minutes 
remove  the  boiler  from  the  fire.  Take 
out  one  jar  at  a  time,  fill  it  even  with 
the  hot  syrup  in  the  saucepan,  fasten  it 
airtight,  and  stand  it  back  in  the  boiler 
until  all  are  filled  and  covered;  let 
them  stand  there  until  cold,  and  then 
store  in  a  cool  place. 

Fruit  for  exhibition  is  preserved  in 
high-grade  alcohol  diluted  one-half  with 
pure  water,  but  the  color  is  not  retained 
in  alcohol.  If  you  wish  to  retain  the 
color,  some  other  preparation  must  be 
used.  A  useful  preservative  is  one-half 
pound  of  boric  acid  dissolved  in  50 
pounds  of  water.  Filter  the  liquid  if 
not  clear.  Another  preparation  is  one 
ounce  of  salicylic  acid  dissolved  in  eight 
ounces  of  alcohol,  diluted  with  two  gal¬ 
lons  of  water.  Let  stand  a  short  time 
before  using. 

Canning  Vegetables. 

Will  some  one  tell  how  to  can  tomatoes, 
corn,  peas,  and  snaps  in  a  steam  cooker? 
I  have  one  but  do  not  know  how  to  can 
vegetables.  mbs,  l.  p.  m. 

All  the  recipes  below  are  reliable. 
Stand  the  jars  in  your  steam  cooker, 
and  cook  just  as  you  would  in  the  wash 
boiler  ordinarily  used, but  one-half  longer. 

String  beans  are  cut  in  lengths,  boiled 
for  10  minutes,  then  put  into  cans, 
which  are  stood  in  a  kettle  of  water  and 
boiled  for  two  hours.  Add  a  teaspoon¬ 
ful  of  salt,  fill  the  jar  to  overflowing 
with  boiling  water,  screw  up,  and  keep 
in  a  cool  dark  place.  Another  plan  is 
as  follows :  Wash  and  break  each  pod 
in  two  or  three  pieces,  put  on  the  stove 
in  a  saucepan  of  cold  salt  water  and 
when  it  just  commences  to  bubble 
(don’t  let  it  boil)  drain  the  beans  out 
and  put  m  cans  that  have  been  washed 
and  scalded.  Have  ready  another  sauce¬ 
pan  of  boiling  salt  water  and  fill  the 
cans  nearly  to  the  brim,  leaving  just 
room  enough  for  one  tablespoonful  of 
hot  vinegar,  screw  on  the  caps  and  set 
away.  When  wanted  for  use  pour  off 
the  brine  and  put  in  a  saucepan  of  fresh 
water  with  a  pinch  of  soda  added ;  let 
them  come  to  a  boil  and  immediately 
pour  off  the  water,  then  cook  as  you 
would  fresh  beans. 

Corn. — Cut  the  kernels  off  the  cob 
with  a  sharp  knife,  scraping  out  the 
pulp.  Fill  into  the  can  a  little  at  a  time, 
pressing  it  down  firmly  until  the  milk 
overflows  the  can.  Add  a  teaspoonful 
of  salt.  When  all  are  filled  place  the 
cans  in  a  boiler  and  cook  half  an  hour 
with  the  covers  laid  loosely  on.  Re¬ 
move  from  the  fire  and  seal,  then  cook 
two  hours  longer.  The  preliminary 
cooking  permits  the  corn  to  swell  with¬ 
out  endangering  the  cans,  which  may 
burst  if  tightly  sealed  from  the  first. 
Succotash  is  canned  by  first  half  filling 
the  cans  with  green  Lima  beans,  then 
filling  the  remainder  of  the  can  with 
corn,  pressed  down  firmly.  Add  a  tea¬ 
spoonful  of  salt  to  each  can,  and  cook 
like  corn. 

Peas. — Fill  the  jars  full  of  peas,  un¬ 
cooked  ;  then  fill  with  cold  water,  and 
lay  on  the  tops.  Put  in  boiler,  with  the 


lid  tightly  closed,  and  boil  three  hours. 
When  the  jars  are  taken  out,  see  that 
they  are  full  to  overflowing,  and  screw 
the  lid  on  tight.  Another  method  of 
preparing  peas  is  to  cook  five  minutes 
in  very  little  water,  then  fill  the  cans, 
and  place  them  in  the  boiler  to  cook 
for  one  hour.  A  teaspoonful  of  salt  is 
added  the  last  thing  before  sealing. 

Tomatoes. — Scald  to  remove  the  skins, 
put  in  the  jars  whole  or  halved,  fill  up 


7023 


Semi-Princesse  Dress, 
oj.  to  42  bust. 

with  cold  water;  stand  the  jars  in  the 
wash  boiler,  boil  30  minutes,  and  seal. 
Do  not  use  any  overripe  or  fermenting 
fruit.  The  main  things  to  observe  in 
canning  vegetables  are  the  jars  are  filled 
to  overflowing ;  that  they  are  hermeti¬ 
cally  sealed,  while  hot,  and  they  they 
are  stored  in  a  cool,  dry  place.  Vege¬ 
tables,  like  fruits,  should  be  taken  in 
their  regular  order  and  canned  while  in 
the  best  possible  condition. 

Tomatoes  Canned  Whole.  —  Select 
firm,  smooth  fruit,  not  overripe,  and 
of  a  size  to  slip  into  the  ordinary  fruit 
jar.  Peel  without  breaking  and  with  as 


little  scalding  as  possible.  Have  ready 
a  preserving  kettle  full  of  water,  which 
has  been  salted  slightly,  only  enough 
to  taste.  Just  before  the  water  reaches 
the  boiling  point  drop  the  tomatoes  into 
it,  one  layer  at  a  time  and  heat  through. 
Do  not  allow  the  water  to  boil  at  any 
time.  When  thoroughly  heated  trans¬ 
fer  tomatoes  to  the  cans,  being  careful 
not  to  bruise  them.  Fill  the  cans  with 
the  hot,  salted  water,  and  screw  the  tops 


on  quickly.  Turn  the  cans  over  in  a 
deep  kettle  of  hot  water  until  the  rub¬ 
bers  are  heated  and  set,  which  hermeti¬ 
cally  seals  the  cans.  In  using  drain 
from  the  salt  water,  and  serve  exactly 
as  fresh  tomatoes. 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  ahvays  give 
number  of  pattern  and  measurements 
desired. 

Lingerie  gowns  made  in  semi-princesse 
style  are  in  the  height  of  fashion.  This 
one  is  dainty  and  charming,  altogether 
attractive,  yet  by  no  means  difficult  to 
make.  It  will  be  found  adapted  to  all 
thin  materials,  the  marquisettes  and 
voiles,  as  well  as  lawns,  batistes  and 
the  like,  and  it  also  can  be  made  avail¬ 
able  for  the  thin  silks  that  are  often 
made  in  lingerie  style.  The  sleeves  and 
body  portion  of  the  blouse  are  cut  in 
one  in  peasant  style,  and  the  trimming 
is  applied  on  indicated  lines.  This 
gown  is  made  of  handkerchief  lawn 
with  trimming  of  valenciennes  lace  and 
bands  of  tucking.  The  gown  consists  of 
blouse  and  skirt.  The  blouse  is  tucked 
to  yoke  depth  at  the  front,  for  full 
length  at  the  back.  The  skirt  is  cut  in 
five  gores  and  is  extended  above  the 
waist  line  to  give  the  Empire  effect. 
Blouse  and  skirt  are  joined  by  means 
of  a  belt  and  the  trimming  is  arranged 
on  indicated  lines.  For  a  woman  of 
medium  size  the  gown  will  require  8 
yards  of  material  27  inches  wide,  5% 
yards  36  or  5)4  yards  44,  with  6  yards 
of  tucked  banding  and  20  yards  of  in¬ 
sertion.  The  width  of  the  skirt  at  the 
lower  edge  is  2J4  yards.  The  pattern. 
No.  7023,  is  cut  in  sizes  for  a  34,  36,  38, 
40  and  42  inch  bust  measure ;  price  10 
cents. 

The  smaller  pictures  include  7033, 
fancy  waist,  with  body  and  sleeves  in 
one.  34  to  42  bust.  7003,  tucked  over 
blouse.  34  to  42  bust.  7007,  house  or 
tea  gown,  perforated  for  walking  length 
with  sleeves  gathered  into  bands  or 
loose.  34  to  44  bust.  7002,  two-piece 
skirt  with  underlying  panels,  with  high 
or  natural  waist  line.  22  to  30  waist. 
7008,  child’s  rompers,  2,  4  and  6  years, 
with  square,  round  or  high  neck,  with 
short  puffed  or  plain  or  with  long 
sleeves ;  price  of  each  10  cents. 


Wiies  you  write  advertisers  mention  Tub 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

Serpentine  Crepe 

is  known  the  world  over  for  its  perma¬ 
nent  crinkle.  It  will  not 
flatten  out,  wash  out, 
nor  stretch  out.  Each 
pattern  retains  its  beauty 1 
until  worn  out.  That’s 
why  Serpentine  Crepe 
is  so  pop-^_ 

keri 


ular  with" 
women  ofy 
good  taste* 
in  dress. 

Longest  wear  and  great¬ 
est  crepe  value  guaran¬ 
teed  by  this  ,/^x.  Pacific 
Mills  trade  mark 

on  each  piece. 

Ask  your  dealer  for  the 
genuine  trade  marked 
Serpentine  Crepe  and  re¬ 
fuse  the  many  cheap  imitations  that 
do  not  wear  so  long  nor  hold  the 
crinkle  nor  have  such  exquisite  pat¬ 
terns  and  tints. 

If  you  do  not  find  full  assortment,  write  us  for 
free  samples. 

PACIFIC  MILLS  -  BOSTON,  MASS. 


RANGER”  BICYCLES 

Have  imported  roller  chains ,  sprockets  and 
pedals ;  New  Departure  Coaster- Brakes  and 
Hubs;  Puncture  Proof  Tires;  highest grade 
equip+nent  and  many  advanced  features  pos¬ 
sessed  by  no  other  wheels.  Guaranteed  yyrs. 

FACTORY  PR8CESareei«l°thaa 

others  ask  for  cheap  wheels.  Other  reliable 
models  from  812  tip.  A  few  good  second¬ 
hand  machines  $3  to  $8. 

10  DA  YS’FREE  TRIALS* 

provnl, freight  prepaid,  anywhere  in  U.  S.# 
without  a  cent  in  advance.  DO  NOT  HUY  a 
bicycle  or  a  pair  of  tires  from  anyone  at  any 
price  until  you  get  our  big  new  catalog  and 
special  prices  anti  a  marvelous  new  oJ/er% 
A  postal  brings  everything.  Write  it  now. 
TSRFQ  Coaster  Brake  Rear  Wheels,  lamps, 
■  111  parts,  and  sundries  half  usual  prices . 
Rider  Agrents  everywhere  are  coining  money  selling  our  bi¬ 
cycles,  tires  and  sundries.  Write  today, 

MEAD  CYCLE  CO.,  Dept.  B-80»  CHICAGO 


SPEAR  Will  Trust  You 
Wherever  You  Live — Write 
For  His  Free  Catalog 


A  Persona] 
Word 

The  rich  and 
prosperous  class 
can  always  com¬ 
mand  the  lux¬ 
uries  of  life,  but 
the  average 
home  lover  needs 
the  Spear  System 
of  Credit  to  the 
Nation.  I  want 
1,000,000  families 
to  say  of  me:  — 
"He ^helped  us  to 
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I  ask  for  no  high¬ 
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Write  for  my 
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Spear 

ot 

Pittsburg 


NO  matter  where  you  live, you  can  buy  everything  needed 
forth©  home  from  ns  on  credit  and  on  easy  payments 
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illustrations  from  photographs  and  full  descriptions  or 
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Credit  Buying  Made  Easy 

With  the  aid  of  the  Big  Spear  Bargain  Catalogue  you 
can  select  anythingyou  want  from  hundreds  of  articles  in 

Furniture,  Refrigerators,  Washing  Machines, 

Carpets,  Clocks,  Springs, 

Rugs,  Sewing  Machines,  Mattresses 

Stoves,  Lace  Curtains,  and  Bedding, 

Ranges,  Dishes,  Go-Carts 

We  offer  you  a  vastly  larger  and  better  stock  than 
even  the  biggest  city  Stores,  and  you  can  make  your 
selections  right  at  home  with  your  family  at  your  elbow. 

Pay  When  Convenient 

Your  Credit  Is  good  with  us.  Why  notuse  it!  Under 
our  liberal  open  account,  easy  payment_plan  you  can 
have  every  possible  advantage  in  buying  for  your 
home  possessed  by  the  most  favored  and  well-to-do- 
shopper  in  the  city  stores.  Our  credit  system  is 
extended  to  honest  people,  everywhere,  regardless  of 
their  income.  You  need  not  deny  yourself  any  article 
of  household  comfort  or  luxury  on  account  of  a  lack 
of  ready  cash.  Select  what  you  want  from  our  Catalog, 
ad  r  - ’ - “ 


A  high  color 
Brussels  Rug, 
red  rose  design 
with  either 
green  or  tea 
ground. 

No.  CW  4C02, 
9x12  size. 
Price,  $11.95 
$1.50  Cult 
75c  per 
month 


pay  a  little  cash  down  and  a  little  each  month. 

Our  Prices  Are  The  Lowest 

YJhile  our  credit  terms  are  the  most  liboral  in  the 
oountry,  yet  our  prices  are  the  lowest.  This  is  be¬ 
cause  of  our  immense  purchasing  power  and 
enormous  volume  of  sales.  We 
buy  goods  in  such  vast  quanti¬ 
ties  that  we  secure  bettor  prices 
than  would  be  possible  to 
smaller  concerns,  and  by  ex¬ 
tending  our  business  to  tens 
of  thousands  of  customers  all 
over  the  country,  wo  can  af¬ 
ford  to  accept  just  one  small 
added  profit  from  each  sale. 
W6  allow  no  store  or  factory 
on  earth  to  undersell  us.  Just 
get  our  prices  I 


lift  A 


i  ■ mi  m 5 
i  ■  4  m  ? 


Take  a  Month  To  Decide 


;  •  -• 

-'TV-.  - 


A  complete  Bed  Outfit 
consisting  of  heavy, 
wo  11  made  Iron  Bed,  any 
color,  4  foet  8  inches  wide 
a  good  woven  wire  spring 
with  co  i  1 'supports,  a  54 
pound  cotton  top  mattress 
and  two  feather  pillows. 

No.  CW  201,  Price,  $11.64 
— $1.50  Cash— 75c  por  month 

A  full* 
size, 
one 

motion 
Collap¬ 
sible 
Go-Cart 
heavy 
rubber 
tires,  all 
steel 
frame, 
mud 
guards 
over 

wheels  and  high  grade 
leatherette  covering.  Comes 
either  in  dark  green  or  tan. 
No.  CW  100,  Price,  $6.95. 

75c  Cash — 50c  per  Month 


w  $  m  *  y 


Order  No. 

C.  YV.  531 

Price  $4.95' 


Terms:  75c  Casb 
With  Order 

Balance  Payable  50c  Monthly 

SPEAR  &  COMPANY,  Department  19MM Pittsburg,  Pa, 


Anything  you  se¬ 
lect  from  our 
Bargain  Catalog 
will  be  shipped 
on  approval.  Keep 
the  goods  30  days, 
then  decido  to  buy 
or  return  at  our  ex¬ 
pense.  If  not  fully 
satisfied,  the  goods  may  be  sent 
back  at  our  expense  and  we 
will  refund  your  money. 

Big  Rocker  Bargain 

A  large,  comfortable, 
solid  oak  Rocker  with  high 
wide  back,  fully  tufted  and 
buttoned.  Seat  is  large  and 
roomy,  upholstered  with  high-  1 
gradoblack  Sylvan  leatherover  ■ 
full  steel  springs  and  beautiful¬ 
ly  ruffled  edge  to  match  back. 

Construction  is  solid  golden  oak 
throughout,  with  high  g'oss  gold¬ 
en  finish.  Wide  arms.front  posts 
of  handsome  design.  Satisfac¬ 
tion  guaranteed  or  money  back.  _ 

Write  For  Free  Catalog  Today 


664 

Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

WHAT  PURE  BLOOD  DID. 

I  started  in  in  the  Fall  of  1S89  with 
my  brother-in-law,  G.  M.  Brown,  and 
we  rented  a  dairy  near  Spokane.  The 
first  two  cows  we  bought  were  a  pair 
of  grade  Short-horns ;  one  was  a  very 
good  cow,  the  other  was  as  near  no 
good  as  they  make  them,  a  regular  ter¬ 
ror,  but  as  we  bought  them  in  a  drove 
we  could  not  tell  what  they  were  until 
we  got  them  home.  I  am  afraid  that  is 
the  way  most  people  do,  but  1  did  not 
do  that  way  any  more;  when  I  bought 
a  cow  in  milk  I  saw  her  milked  and 
found  out  what  she  was,  what  bad 
tricks  she  had  and  as  near  all  about  her 
as  I  could.  I  soon  found  out  that  there 
was  a  nearer  way  to  get  rich  than  fool¬ 
ing  away  time  with  common  cattle,  so 
we  made  up  our  minds  to  get  something 
better,  if  it  was  only  a  good  bull.  We 
got  a  good  bull,  and  our  first  lot  of 
heifers  were  much  better  than  the  cows 
we  could  buy,  and  when  we  wanted  to 
sell  a  few  we  could  get  much  more  for 
them.  After  a  few  years  we  thought 
that  if  half  bloods  were  good,  pure¬ 
bred  cattle  must  be  better,  so  we  con¬ 
cluded  to  get  some  purebred  cattle,  but 
did  not  know  which  to  get.  Finally  we 
got  some  purebred  milking  Short-horns, 
Jerseys,  Guernseys  and  Holsteins.  We 
kept  books  on  the  four  breeds  for  two 
years,  finally  selling  all  but  the  Hol¬ 
steins,  which  came  out  ahead  by  $67  per 
head.  Three  years  ago  I  bought  the 
farm  and  cattle,  and  now  have  all  pure 
Holsteins,  which  I  find  pay  very  well. 
My  herd  will  give  me  about  11,000 
pounds  milk  per  head  per  year,  and  a 
good  calf  that  usually  sells  for  as  much 
as  her  milk  does.  Do  not  try  to  make 
money  with  a  cow  that  does  not  pay 
for  her  feed;  it  is  a  very  up-hill  job. 
If  you  have  three  such  cows  sell  them 
and  put  the  money  into  one  good  one, 
and  you  will  be  surprised  at  the  result, 
which  will  be  some  profit  and  much  less 
work.  Read  your  farm  papers  and  try 
to  get  out  of  the  rut  of  milking  old 
Brindle  just  because  your  father  used 
her  and  her  mother,  but  cross  her  with 
a  good  dairy-bred  bull  and  keep  at  it  if 
3’ou  cannot  afford  to  kill  her  and  buy  a 
better  one.  JOHN  l.  smith. 

Washington. 


RUR.JVI*  NEW-YORKEH 


June  3, 


A  COMMERCIAL  CLUB  HELPS  FARMERS. 

On  page  615  is  a  statement  of  what  the 
Commercial  Club  of  Norfolk.  Neb.,  has 
started  to  do  in  importing  horses  for  farm¬ 
ers.  The  secretary  of  this  club,  Mr.  G.  L. 
Carlson,  now  gives  us  further  details  about 
this  scheme : 

Two  things  only  had  we  in  mind  when 
we  first  began  this  work;  to  obtain  a 
better  quality  of  mares  for  our  farmers 
than  was  possible  to  be  obtained  of 
dealers,  and  to  secure  these  mares  at 
the  lowest  possible  price.  Last  Sum¬ 
mer  I  visited  all  the  horse  breeding  dis¬ 
tricts  of  Europe  in  the  interest  of  our 
club,  and  we  decided  upon  the  Belgian 
only  because  of  the  fact  that  this  breed 
would  furnish  us  with  a  larger  number 
of  strictly  high-class  draft  mares  than 
any  other  breed.  While  in  Belgium  I 
interested  some  of  the  directors  of  the 
Belgian  Society  in  our  scheme,  and 
much  of  the  present  work  at  that  end  is 
being  done  by  them.  Our  club  is  giving 
its  time  and  influence  to  the  farmers 
free  of  charge,  so  that  the  mares  are 
being  turned  over  to  the  farmers  at 
exact  cost.  We  handle  only  young 
marcs,  two  and  three  years  of  age,  and 
we  are  able  to  give  our  people  the  best 
imported  mares  ever  imported  into  this 
country  at  a  cost  of  $275  to  $500  each. 
We  are  importing  a  uniform  type  also, 
both  as  to  conformation  and  color, 
chestnuts  and  chestnut-roans  only  be¬ 
ing  handled.  This  will  aid  much,  we 
believe,  in  disposing  of  the  surplus 
product  in  years  to  come.  We  are  now 
distributing  a  load  of  20  mares  about 
every  month.  That  we  may  progress  in 
the  way  of  maintaining  the  high  quality 
of  our  present  stock,  and  even  improve 
them  if  possible,  we  have  imported  two 
of  the  best  young  stallions  ever  pro¬ 
duced  in  Belgium,  “’Concurrent”  and 
“Marius  de  Manage,”  both  golden 
chestnut,  and  horses  combining  size, 
bone,  conformation  of  the  best,  with 
much  quality.  These  stallions  will  be 
kept  here  for  the  use  of  our  farmers 
and  at  a  nominal  fee,  just  enough  to 
pay  the  cost  of  feed  and  handling. 

Next  Winter  we  expect  to  add  im¬ 
ported  ewes  to  our  live  stock  distribu¬ 
tion,  and  later  cattle.  We  firmly  be¬ 
lieve  that  an  agricultural  district  will 
be  prosperous  or  otherwise  in  proportion 
to  the  quality  of  its  live  stock,  and  the 
business  men  of  Norfolk  are  a  unit  in 
their  determination  that  no  part  of  the 
United  States  shall  ever  be  able  to  show 
better  live  stock  than  the  farmers  of  our 
own  district.  g.  l.  carlson. 


CONNECTICUT  SHEEP  BREEDERS  ACTIVE. 

The  Connecticut  Sheep  Breeders’  Asso¬ 
ciation  held  its  annual  field  meeting  and 
sheep  shearing  contest  May  11,  on  the 
farm  of  Perry  G.  Tripp  in  Ellington.  Aside 
from  the  extremely  dry  and  dusty  condition 
of  nature  the  day  was  perfect  for  such  a 
meeting,  and  a  good  crowd  attended.  Din¬ 
ner  was  on  the  basket  picnic  plan  -with 
plenty  of  delicious  coffee  furnished  by  the 
host.  After  dinner  considerable  time  was 
spent  in  examining  the  flock  of  about  50 
high-grade  Hampshire  Downs,  particular  in¬ 
terest  being  shown  in  a  lot  of  yearlings 
which  were  chased  by  dogs  last  Fall.  Mr. 
Tripp  has  been  feeding  these  all  Winter, 
try  to  get  them  into  condition  for  market, 
and  while  some  of  them  are  in  good  condi¬ 
tion  others  are  very  small,  thin  and  lifeless. 
The  great  variation  in  these  lambs  shows 
one  after  effect  of  dogs  among  sheep.  An¬ 
other  effect  was  noticeable  in  the  appear¬ 
ance  of  some  of  the  Spring  lambs.  When 
born  these  had  long  dropping  ears  like  a 
hound,  were  spotted  and  the  wool  was  more 
or  less  hairy.  The  ears  asumeds  their  nor¬ 
mal  appearance  after  two  or  three  weeks, 
and  the  hair  gradually  disappears  in  most 
cases,  but  the  spotted  lambs  were  still  in 
evidence  at  the  time  of  the  meeting. 

About  1.30  o’clock  the  crowd  was  gath¬ 
ered  for  a  group  with  three  or  four  sheep 
in  the  foreground,  after  which  a  ring  was 
formed  for  the  shearing  contest  which  was 
divided  into  classes  for  hand  shearing,  ma¬ 
chine  shearing,  hand  shearing  by  boys 
under  18,  machine  shearing  by  boys  under 
18,  and  sweepstakes  for  most  humane  shear¬ 
ing  by  all  contestants.  The  score  card 
gave  30  points  for  quality  of  work,  15  for 
number  of  cuts,  20  for  speed,  20  for  hand¬ 
ling  sheep  and  shears,  and  15  for  market 
condition.  In  Class  A,  hand  shearing,  there 
were  five  contestants,  each  shearing  one 
sheep  which  had  been  selected  by  Mr.  Tripp 
to  get  as  uniform  a  lot  as  possible.  The 
quickest  time  in  this  class  was  15  minutes 
bj  C.  A.  Richards  of  Stafford,  whose  total 
score  was  76,  while  Samuel  Barr  of  South- 
bury  sheared  in  16  minutes  with  a  total 
score  of  85  and  was  awarded  the  first 
prize.  In  Class  B,  machine  shearing,  there 
were  six  contestants,  each  shearing  two 
sheep,  which  had  also  been  selected  by  Mr. 
Tripp.  The  first  prize  was  easily  won  by 
Walter  L.  Yale  of  Meriden,  who  sheared  his 
first  sheep  in  six  minutes  and  had  the  sec¬ 
ond  finished  and  the  wool  rolled  up  at  the 
end  of  14  minutes.  Mr.  Yale  not  only 
sheared  the  quickest  but  did  a  remarkably 
good  job  with  very  few  cuts  on  the  sheep, 
securing  a  total  score  of  08.  His  machine 
was  turned  by  Alfred  Itooke,  also  of  Meri¬ 
den,  who  showed  very  conclusively  that 
something  depends  on  the  man  at  the 
crank  as  well  as  the  man  with  the  shears. 
In  Class  C,  hand  shearing  by  boys  under 
18  years  old,  there  were  no  entries.  In 
Class  D,  machine  shearing  by  boys  under 
18  years  old,  there  were  two  contestants 
each  shearing  one  sheep.  The  first  prize 
was  won  by  Alfred  Rooke,  of  Meriden,  time 
16  minutes.  In  Class  E,  most  humane 
shearing  by  all  contestants,  the  judges  were 
governed  by  the  manner  in  which  the  sheep 
were  handled  as  well  as  their  condition 
after  being  sheared,  and  here  again  Wai¬ 
ter  Yale  was  an  easy  winner.  Throughout 
the  contest  much  enthusiasm  was  shown, 
indicating  an  increasing  interest  in  the 
important  industry  of  sheep  raising.  The 
judges  were  Prof.  II.  E.  Garrigus,  of 
Storrs,  and  Freedrick  Chambers,  of  Water- 
bury,  and  many  thanks  are  due  them  for 
the  conscientious  manner  in  which  they 
did  their  work.  Many  thanks  are  also  due 
to  Mr.  Tripp  and  his  family  for  the  cor¬ 
dial  manner  in  which  the  visitors  were 
received. 

The  awards  were  as  follows :  Class  A, 
first  prize,  Samuel  Barr,  Southbury ;  sec¬ 
ond,  C.  A.  Richards,  Stafford;  third,  Wal¬ 
ter  L.  Yale,  Meriden.  Class  B,  first  prize, 
Walter  D.  Yale,  Meriden  ;  second,  Arthur 
Savage,  Storrs;  third.  B.  P.  Davis,  Yautic. 
Class  D,  first  prize,  Alfred  Rooke,  Meriden  ; 
second,  Homer  Shook,  Ellington.  Class  E, 
first  prize,  Walter  L.  Yale ;  second,  Arthur 
Savage;  third,  Samuel  Barr.  a.  b.  cook. 


YOU  ASK  US 
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Cent  of  Expense  to  You  For 
Freight  or  Anything  Else.  You 
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Tubulars  produce  twice  the  skim¬ 
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Dairy  Tubulars  contain 
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i  (so  called)  cheap  ma¬ 
chine  that  lasts  one 
year  on  the  average? 

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new  Tubu¬ 
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ATHE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO. 

WEST  CHESTER,  1»A. 

Chicago,  III.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Portland,  Ore. 
Toronto,  Can.  Winnipeg,  Can. 


J 


Here’s  the——* 
ChurnY  ouWant 

Because  it  churns  quicker,  better,  easier, 
cheaper  than  you  ever  thought  possible. 

Because  it  makes  butter  of  an  even  high 
grade  that  sells  at  fancy  prices. 

Because  it  requires  almost  no  attention  and 
saves  you  time  and  labor.  The 

Perfection  Jr.  Combined 
ChamandBiitter  Worker 


is  the  perfect  chum  for  dairy. farmers.  Built  on  the  same  principle  as  the  big  creamery  churns— 
just  as  efficient  to  grind  out  big  profits — but  occupies  little  room  and  runs  easily  with  an  ordinary 
horse  power  gasoline  engine.  The  cream  is  always  covered,  with  no  chance  of  contamination  from 
the  outside,  and  the  thorough  agitation  of  the  cream  gets  all  the  butter,  whether  the  churn  is  only 
partly  filled  or  loaded  to  capacity.  Both  churns  and  works  in  one  operation,  ideal  for  control  of 
moisture  and  salting.  Butter  stays  all  in  one  piece,  easily  removed.  Every  Pei fection  Jr.  owner  will 
tell  you  that  it  makes  good  under  the  most  exacting  conditions.  Absolutely  guaranteed  satis¬ 
factory  if  simple  directions  are  followed.  Quickly  cleaned,  absolutely  sanitary,  economical  to  use. 
Made  from  best  materials  in  four  sizes:  30  gallon  $60;  40  gallon  $67.50;  50  gallon  $75;  150  gallon  $90. 
rprr  Ask  for  our  free  butter  makers’  book  containing  inter- 
■  esting  information  and  lowest  prices  on  dairy  supplies. 


J.  G.  CHERRY  COMPANY, 

Peoria,  III, 


10  Tenth  St.,  Cedar  Rapids,  la. 


St.  Paul,  Minn. 


80  lbs.  More  Milk 

IN  3  DAYS 

Resulted  from  using  t‘Will-Kill-Flie8,, 
on  twenty-two  cows — kept  them  free  from 
flies  and  increased  milk  flow  80  lbs.  in  3  days. 

WILL-KILL-FLIES 

f  tho  most  effective  liquid  spraying  preparation  and 
perfect  disinfectant,  kills  flies  and  all  insect  pests  I 
that  annoy  your  stock  and  poultry — that  means  more 
milk,  more  eggs,  healthy,  contented  cattle. 

Free  Test  at  our  Expense 

We’ll  send  you,  express  prepaid  east  of  liocky 
Mountains,  1  gallon  of  “Will-Kill-Flies”  and  a 
sprayer,  on  receipt  of  $2.00  and  dealer’s  name, 
klf  it  doesn’t  satisfy  you  in  every  respect,  we  will, 
refund  money.  Lasts  longer  and  accom¬ 
plishes  more  than  other  preparations. 

EUREKA  MOWER  COMPANY 
Box  964,  Utica,  N.  Y. 


Learn 

about  the 

Guernsey 

Cow 


Story 
is  one  of  ■ 


The  Most  Economical  Production  of  the 
J  Ugliest  Class  of  Dairy  Products,  excell¬ 
ing  in  Natural  Color  and  Good  Flavor, 
rThe  Pan  American  Dairy  Breed  Test, 
AFr  -  The  Iowa  Dairy  Cow  Contest, 

\\  ON  ^  lupartial  Experiment  Station  Trials. 

The  Guernsey  was  the  First  Breed  to  establish 
an  Advanced  Register  on  basis  _  of  Years 
Records  with  Public  Supervision. 

An  average  of  over  1200  official  years  records  show  : 

8070  lbs.  Milk  410  lbs.  Butter  Fat 

(Equivalent  to  -lGOlbs.  butter) 

AVERAGE  PER  CENT.  BUTTER  FAT  5.03 

Full  information  regarding  the  breed  by  writing 

The  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club 

Box  R.  PETERBORO,  N.  H. 


HOUSES 


Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 

at  farmers’  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1. 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penna.  lt.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O. 


DOGS 


p  y  p^— From  imported  stock.  Females 


(cheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 


PUPPIES  from  registered  stock:  sable  &  white 
&  black:  $10  each.  Olakk  Fakm,  Boonton,  N.  J. 


P0LLIE 

U  &  bl 


SWIKTE 


OHELD0N  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
O  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNES,  Oxford.  N.  Y. 


miRnpe  THE  BIG.  DEEP  FELLOWS 

UUVtUUO  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  limes. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 

CHR  C  A I  E-2  DUROC  JERSEY  BOARS-One  choice 
run  OMLC  BROOD  SOW  bred  for  1st  of  Septem¬ 
ber  Farrow— Some  nice  SPRING  PIGS.  Address 

J.  H.  LEWIS,  R.  F.  D.  No.  2,  Cadiz,  Ohio. 

Mil  Id  fnnl  Dio,o~Eithersex;  pure  blood;  Kreglow 
IY1 U  1C" I UU l  I  I50  strain.  1  ’rices  reasonable.  J.  N. 
McPHERSON,  Pine  View  Farm,  Scottsville,  N.  Y. 

CTERLING  HILL  FARMS— CHESHIRE 
SWINE— Orders  booked  for  Spring  Pigs  reg¬ 
istered  stock  and  grades;  large  litters  and  best  of 
breeding.  Bigelow  &  Swain,  Ogdensburg,  Sussex  Co.,  N.J. 

Phoetoi*  Whitoc  Enquiries  promptly  answered. 
uIIgoIgI  VV  111 Igo  Eugene  T.  Black,  Scio,  N.  Y. 

ngjr*rt|9inrn  The  white  pig  with  erect  ear, 
inrXnmr.N  bright  eye,  active,  alert,  s 
U  II  LU  li  1 1 1  L.U  good  helper  in  the  orchard, 

M0RNINGSIDE  FARM,  Sylvania,  Pa. 


SPRINGBANK 


BERKSHIRES.- The  °"ly 


Prize  Herd 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  toser- 
vice  of  Watson’s  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Piuprietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 

LARGE  ENGLISH  YORKSHIRES. 

Last  Fall  Pigs  from  Prize  Winning,  Registered 
Stock,  for  sale  at  reasonable  prices. 

SOUTH  EUCLID,  OHIO. 


CHAS.  W.  SWITZER 


Alfalfa  Lodge  Yorkshires 

Short  Nose  Typo,  March  Pigs. 

JOHN  G.  CU11TIS  •  -  Rochester,  N.  V. 


DAIRY 


CATTLE 


] 


AT  FARMER’S  PRICES 

Again  I  am  pleased  to  offer  a  well-bred,  nicely 
marked  Holstein  Bull  Calf,  one  month  old,  at  $25; 
registered  and  transferred.  This  calf  is  Spruce 
Dichter  Sir  Peggie,  and  the  average  daily  milk 
yield  of  his  two  grand  dams  is  85  lbs. 

Am  short  of  help  and  will  soil  without  resorvo  20 
Chester  White  Sows.  Largo  young  sows,  heavy  with 
pig,  $10.00  each.  This  spring’s  farrow,  three  months 
old,  $10.00  each.  All  registered. 

GEO.  E.  HOWELL 

Spruce  Farm  Howells,  N.  Y, 


BEG.  HOLSTEIN  MALE  CALVES 


I 


Closely  related  to  champions  of  the  world 
at  farmers’  prices.  -Fine  individuals,  nicely 
marked.  Fifty  per  cent  below  value. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Write  today. 

F.  H.  RIVENBURGH,  HILLHURST  FARM,  MUNNSVILLE.  N.  Y. 


I 


MS'S  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  aro  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nico  lot-  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somehville,  N.  J. 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illnstratod  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEI N-FRIESI AN  ASS’N  OF  AMERICA 
F.L.HOUGHTON.SEC'Y.BOXIOS.BRATTLEBORO.VT. 


AT  LAUREL  FARM 

we  have  on  hand  some  half-dozen  sons  of  Fern's 
Jubilee,  73852,  A.  J.  C.  C.,  from  ten  months  down 
to  a  few  days  old.  All  out  of  good  cows.  Discount 
price  for  next  thirty  days. 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N,  Y. 


Breed  Up— Not  Down^oT’o.?1^,*.,1™ 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  lt.F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


FOR  SALE-GRADE  GUERNSEYS  EEr.  T?. 


ALLAMUCHY  FARM  HOLSTEINS 

We  offer  well  bred  bull  calves  out  of  A.  R.  O. 
dams  at  reasonable  pricos.  Send  for  list  before 
placing  your  order.  ALLAMUCHY,  N.  J. 


Millr  Praflnrprc  for  New  York  City  market 
llllln.  rllHlUlfClo  desiring  information  how  to 
form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville.  N.  Y. 


Robinson’s  HOLSTEINS  are  Producers 

They  are  Tuberculin  Tested.  Forty  just  fresh  and 
that  will  freshen  in  the  next  two  months,  with 
milk  records  from  8,000  to  12,000  lbs.  in  the  last 
year.  V.  D.  ROBINSON,  Kdmkston,  N.  Y. 


JUNE  OFFERING 

Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford,  Conn. 
Fantim’s  Zac,  Taylor,  imported  Guernsey  bull,  head 
of  our  herd,  is  offered  for  sale  to  avoid  inbreeding. 
One  of  the  grandqpt  individuals  in  the  U.  S.  and 
perfect  in  every  detail.  Photo,  on  request. 

One  registered  Berkshire  Boar,  seven  months  old. 

One  magnificent  Chester  White  Boar,  14  months 
old,  at  a  sacrifice. 

Eight,  four  and  five  months  old  Jersey  Bulls(Reg.) 
from  32-36  pound  stock  and  Pogis  blood. 

We  will  guarantee  that  the  above  stock  is  perfect 
and  cannot  be  beat  at  the  price,  or  we  will  refund 
your  money  and  your  carfare. 


JS-^7"I3\TDE3 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  ,  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


REGISTERED  BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

From  Son  of  Berryton  Duke,  Jr.,  77341,  and 
well  bred  Sows. 

JERSEY  BULLS  ALL  SOLO.  SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED. 

CHAS.  B.  DAYTON,  Supt. 
Sheldoncroft,  -  -  Silver  Lake,  Pa. 


LARGE  BERKSHIRES 

Not  the  cheapest,  but  the  best.  Special  offering  of 
Spring  pigs,  single  or  mated,  for  breeding.  Cata¬ 
logue  on  application. 

WILLOUGHBY  FARM,  Gettysburg!!,  Pa. 


LARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD-Special  Offering 
of  Service  Boars.  Good  useful  Boars,  $30  to  $10. 
Fancy  Boars  for  the  breeder  and  exhibitor,  $50  and 
up.  They  should  develop  into  800-pound  hoars  at 
maturity.  H.  C.  &  H.  B.  HARPENDING.  Dundee,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


THE)  KUKAt  NEW-YORKER 


«/56 


VETERAN  MULES. 

Enclosed  find  team  ticket  of  corn 
hauled  by  the  writer  with  a  team  of 
mules  owned  and  driven  by  him  for  30 
years,  27  of  which  were  practically  all 
work  and  three  of  life  in  the  pasture. 
When  they  were  sold  to  me  their  age 
was  given  as  six  and  seven,  weight  1030 
and  960,  and  while  they  could  not  pull 
everything,  would  pull  on  anything. 
Never  in  the  30  years  were  they  unable 
or  unwilling  for  a  day’s  work.  Which 
is  more  profitable,  mules  or  horses? 

Lisbon,  Ill.  F.  t.  K. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  “ticket”  shows  that 
these  loads  often  ran  over  6,000  pounds. 
For  an  old  team  these  mules  are  hard 
to  beat.  Where  are  the  old  horses  to 
beat  this  record? 


A  PROBLEM  OF  CATTLE  FEEDING. 

Fattening  Steers  in  New  Mexico 

We  raise  Alfalfa,  cotton,  Kaffir  corn, 
maize, '  etc.,  but  are  not  in  the  habit  of  ro¬ 
tating,  or  following  Alfalfa  with  other 
crops,  as  the  Alfalfa  is  more  profitable  by 
reason  of  the  superior  quality  of  seed  we 
raise  in  this  locality,  and'  the  prices  which 
have  prevailed  for  several  years.  In  order 
to  continue  our  land  in  Alfalfa  and  get 
maximum  yields  of  seed,  fertilizer  contain¬ 
ing  a  large  per  cent  of  phosphoric  acid  is 
necessary.  We  have  been  in  the  habit  of 
selling  practically  all  our  product,  but  it 
has  occurred  to  me  it  would  be  better  to 
feed  steers,  and  save  our  manure.  What 
weight,  under  average  conditions,  is  it  pos¬ 
sible  to  put  on  a  steer,  by  feeding  Alfalfa 
hay,  letting  them  run  a  portion  of  the  time 
on  pasture  which  grows  almost  all  Winter, 
then  finishing  them  on  cotton  seed  (whole) 
and  Kaffir  corn,  ground?  What  would  be 
the  best  system  of  feeding  it?  Could  profit¬ 
able  results  be  secured  in  three  months’ 
feeding?  w.  h.  c. 

New  Mexico. 

W.  H.  C.  neglects  to  say  what  kind 
of  pasture  lie  has,  but  as  pasturing  Al¬ 
falfa  is  somewhat  risky  one  may  infer 
that  the  pasture  consists  of  some  pasture 
grass  suited  to  the  region,  Bermuda 
grass  perhaps.  Two-year-old  cattle, 
weighing  1,000  pounds  or  less  will  gain 
on  mixed  pasture  and  Alfalfa  hay  from 
one  to  V/2  pound  each  per  day,  and  if 
given  16  pounds  per  head  each  day,  of 
the  feeds  he  names  and  some  Alfalfa 
hay  with  a  little  Kaffir  corn  stover,  such 
steers  will  gain  two  pounds  per  day  or 
better;  12  pounds  of  Kaffir  corn,  four  of 
cotton  seed,  four  of  Alfalfa  hay,  and 
some  Kaffir  corn  stover  with  some  help 
from  the  pasture,  ought  to  make  profit¬ 
able  gains  on  cattle  so  fed.  Such 
amounts  mean  that  each  steer  will  get 
somewhat  more  than  two  pounds  of 
protein  and  12  of  carbohydrates,  includ¬ 
ing  fats.  The  steers  may  be  fed  twice 
a  day  in  troughs  two  or  three  feet  above 
the  ground  and  made  tight  so  that  the 
ground  feed  will  not  fall  through  the 
bottoms  and  waste.  The  hay  may  be 
fed  in  suitable  racks.  Perhaps  a  longer 
feeding  period  would  be  better,  giving  a 
larger  proportion  of  hay  and  less  grain. 
In  100  days  or  more  the  cattle  should 
be  ready  for  market,  and  they  ought 
to  weight  1250  or  better.  It  seems  that 
the  cotton  seed  ought  to  be  ground  and 
mixed  with  the  Kaffir  corn  meal  before 
feeding,  but  local  conditions  and  the 
palatability  of  the  ration  must  govern 
the  feeder.  If  cattle  do  not  eat  a  ration 
with  relish  and  thrive  upon  it,  the  feeds 
should  be  changed  till  they  do. 

In  view  of  the  "high  price  at  which 
feeder  cattle  are  selling  and  the  com¬ 
paratively  low  prices  paid  for  fat  cattle 
and  the  consequent  demoralized  market 
conditions,  I  earnestly  advise  W.  PI.  C. 
to  let  cattle  alone  for  the  present.  Buy¬ 
ing  feeders  at  present  prices  and  finish¬ 
ing  on  a  short  feed  is  a  gamble  at  which 
one  is  sure  to  lose.  It  would  be  far 
more  desirable  for  W.  H.  C.  to  start  a 
beef  herd  and  raise  his  own  feeders, 
which  he  can  finish  as  baby  beeves  if  he 
wishes.  Whatever  he  does  he  should 
start  conservatively  and  enlarge  his 
operations  as  conditions  dictate  or  as 
profits  indicate.  w.  e.  duckwall. 
Ohio. 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE. 

Egyptian  Cotton. — We  import  annually 
about  .$16,000,000  worth  of  the  long  staple 
cotton  grown  in  the  Nile  valley  of  Egypt. 
An  effort  is  being  made  to  produce  part  of 
the  supply  here,  as  conditions  in  parts  of 
the  Colorado  River  Valley  are  similar  to 
those  in  Egypt  where  this  cotton  is  pro¬ 
duced. 

A  Big  Lifter. — The  most  powerful  crane 
ever  built  is  now  in  operation  on  the  river 
Clyde,  Scotland.  In  working  it  covers  any 
point  within  a  circle  336  feet  in  diameter. 
It  can  lift  200  tons  170  feet  high.  Its 
foundation  consists  of  four  steel  tubes  15 
feet  in  diameter,  sunk  74  feet  below  the 
surface. 

Fruit  from  Below  Capricorn. — Oranges 
from  Brazil  and  grapes  from  Argentina  are 
on  their  way  to  New  York.  The  grapes 
are  from  the  highlands  of  western  Argen¬ 
tina,  at  the  foot  of  the  Andes,  a  section 
where  the  vine  grows  well.  The  oranges 
were  grown  in  Brazil,  the  home  of  the  tree 
from  which  the  California  and  Florida  navel 
oranges  originally  came.  The  fruit  will  be 
in  cold  storage  on  the  steamer  three  weeks, 
arriving  at  New  York  early  in  June. 

A  Rough  Ride. — A  1,600  mile  trip  with  a 
loaded  auto  truck,  weighing  seven  tons  all 
together,  has  just  been  ended  at  Los  An¬ 
geles,  Calif.  The  start  was  made  from 
Denver,  Colo.,  and  the  southwestern  route 
through  New  Mexico  was  taken.  Very  bad 
roads  were  found,  and  in  four  cases  it  was 
necessary  to  get  mules  to  haul  the  truck 
from  the  axle-deep  mud.  The  actual  travel¬ 
ing  time  was  55  days,  13  days  being  spent 
in  various  places  waiting  for  the  mud  to 
dry  a  little. 

Packers  of  canned  peas,  tomatoes  and 
sweet  corn  in  the  East  are  worried  over  the 
poor  crop  outlook  caused  by  the  drought. 
Showers  in  Maryland  and  Delaware  have 
been  very  light,  so  that  peas  are  suffering 
and •corn  becoming  stunted.  Tomatoes  stand 
drought  when  the  plants  get  well  established 
but  in  some  places  the  soil  is  too  dry  to 
set  out  the  plants.  One  day  of  broiling 
sun  will  cook  the  plants  unless  well  watered. 
As  a  rule  this  is  not  feasible,  though  some 
growers  think  they  get  paid  for  the  labor 
of  watering. 

To  Valorize  Rubber. — The  Brazilian 
government  is  taking  measures  for  improve¬ 
ment  of  the  raw  rubber  industry  in  that 
country  on  somewhat  the  same  plan  as  the 
coffee  business  was  handled.  The  plan  is 
to  raise  a  large  sum  of  money,  about  $30,- 
000,000,  so  that  rubber  may  be  bought,  held 
and  sold  as  may  seem  best.  The  idea  is 
not  to  corner  the  market  or  force  prices  to 
an  extravagant  basis,  but  to  help  the  pro¬ 
ducers  to  get  a  fair  share  of  the  profits  by 
shutting  out  a  large  amount  of  the  specu¬ 
lative  element.  What  it  amounts  to  is  that 
the  government  will  buy  and  sell  the  rubber. 
Naturally  the  speculators  do  not  like  this 
plan,  and  as  was  the  case  with  the  coffee 
deal,  they  are  crying  failure  already.  What¬ 
ever  may  be  thought  of  this  form  of  govern¬ 
ment  paternalism,  it  appears  to  have  put 
the  coffee  business  on  a  better  basis,  for 
the  planter,  which  was  the  intention  of  the 
act.  It  is  doubtful  whether  any  such  plan 
would  be  desirable  for  the  handling  of  farm 
products  here,  conditions  being  different. 
As  a  general  principle  it  is  better  for  a  man 
or  a  business  to  be  taught  self-reliance 
rather  than  to  be  coddled.  Even  the  Cod¬ 
ling  moth  gets  along  very  well  without  being 
coddled.  w.  w.  h. 


AILING  ANIMALS. 

Hard  Hoofs. 

• 

1.  What  is  a  good  remedy  for  hard  hoofs 
on  horses?  I  have  a  mare  whose  joints 
keep  making  a  snapping  sound  when  she 
lifts  her  forefeet  while  standing.  Other¬ 
wise  she  is  all  right.  What  causes  this 
snapping,  and  can  it  be  helped?  2.  Where 
could  1  get  a  good  book  on  raising  colts? 

Connecticut.  E.  u.  L.  . 

1.  Soak  the  hoofs  in  cold  water  for  an 
hour  or  so  twice  daily  and  then  apply  any 
simple  greasy  hoof  ointment.  When  not 
soaking  in  tub  let  the  horse  stand  on  a 
wet  clay  floor,  but  put  her  in  a  well-bedded 
stall  at  night.  Snapping  of  the  joints  often 
comes  from  lack  of  exercise,  but  it  may  also, 
be  a  symptom  of  chronic  rheumatism.  2. 
“The  Horse  Book,”  by  J.  H.  S.  Johnstone, 
will  give  you  practical  information  on  all 
matters  pertaining  to  horse  and  colt  rais¬ 
ing.  It  may  be  ordered  through  this  office; 
price  $2.  a.  s.  a. 

Necrobacillosis. 

I  have  a  sheep  whose  ears  turned  red 
about  a  week  ago,  and  to-day  the  ears  are 
cracked ;  they  bleed  and  there  are  sores 
around  the  eyes  and  nose  and  other  parts 
of  her  head.  She  shakes  her  head  and  runs 
and  rubs  against  the  fence,  bleats,  and  her 
ears  hang  down.  She  has  been  fed  mixed 
clover  hay  and  corn  in  the  sheaf;  the  sheep 
have  run  and  eaten  what  they  wanted  out 
of  a  buckwheat  straw  stack.  Is  the  disease 
contagious?  I  would  like  to  know  the 
cause  and  remedy.  I  have  washed  sheep’s 


head  in  sheep  dip.  My  sheep  will  reach 
round  and  pull  out  locks  of  wool  from 
their  sides.  z.  F.  w. 

New  York. 

This  no  doubt  is  ulceration  due  to  the 
bacillus  necrophorus  and  it  is  contagious. 
Isolate  affected  sheep.  Scrub  and  scrape 
each  sore  clean  and  then  swash  with  a  10 
per  cent  solution  of  nitric  acid.  Do  not 
use  the  lotion  on  sores  about  the  eyes.  The 
latter  may  be  lightly  cauterized  with  lunar 
caustic  pencil.  Repeat  the  treatment  as 
required.  Keep  the  sheep  on  grass  and  in 
clean  pens.  As  they  pull  wool  they  should 
be  shorn  and  dipped  as  soon  as  the  state 
of  the  weather  will  permit.  Ticks,  lice  or 
scab  cause  the  itching.  a.  s.  a. 

Lameness. 

I  have  just  bought  an  old  mare  that  is 
lame  behind ;  she  has  what  I  believe  is 
called  cocked  ankle,  tender  to  the  pressurq 
of  the  fingers  about  two  inches  above  the 
hoof ;  seems  more  tender  at  the  sides  than 
in  front.  She  carries  her  foot  a  little  out 
when  walking;  no  enlargement.  We  have 
no  veterinary  here.  Is  there  any  cure,  and 
can  you  tell  me  what  to  do  for  her,  if  any¬ 
thing  can  be  done?  G.  F.  M. 

Michigan. 

ruffs  or  “wind  galls”  about  the  fetlocks 
seldom  cause  lameness  in  an  old  horse,  and 
we  suppose,  therefore,  that  some  other 
cause,  such  as  ringbone  or  spavin,  is  pres¬ 
ent.  If  you  can  find  no  other  probable 
cause  of  lameness,  clip  the  hair  from  the 
parts  you  suspect  and  blister  with  cerate 
of  eantharides  two  or  three  times  at  inter¬ 
vals  of  three  weeks.  a.  s.  a. 

Horse  with  Cough. 

If  you  have  a  good  remedy  for  a  horse 
that  coughs  after  eating  grain,  I  would  like 
to  hear  from  you.  w.  j.  l. 

Ohio. 

It  is  quite  likely  that  irregularities  of 
the  teeth  have  something  to  do  with  the 
cough,  so  have  the  teeth  attended  to  by  a 
veterinary  dentist.  Wet  all  food.  Avoid 
dusty  hay.  If  cough  continues  to  give 
trouble  give  half  to  one  ounce  of  glyco- 
heroin  two  or  three  times  a  day  as  found 
necessary  to  allay  irritation.  a.  s.  a. 


Farmers  Now 
Making  Cheese 

Invention  of  Wonderful  Com¬ 
plete  Cheese-Making  Outfit 
Enables  Every  Farm  Home  to 
Make  Cheese  at  a  big  Profit. 


It  is  no  longer  necessary  for  Farmers  to  buy 
store  cheese  at  a  high  price,  or  sell  their  milk  to 
the  Cheese  Trust  at  a  low  price.  A  clever  inven¬ 
tor  has  perfected  a  Complete  Cheese-Making 
Outfit  which  enables  every  Farmer  to  make  cither 
a  soft,  rich,  granular,  or  American  C.cddar 
cheese  right  at  home  either  for  his  own  con¬ 
sumption  or  for  sale  to  Dealers, 

Outfit  consists  of  the  following:  One  Cheese 
Press,  One  Horizontal  Curd  Knife,  One  Perpen¬ 
dicular  Curd  Knife,  One  Dairy  Thermometer, 
One  Bottle  Rennett  Extract,  One  Bottle  Col¬ 
oring  Matter  and  One  Mold.  This  Complete 
Cheese-Making  Outfit  is  sold  direct  from  factory 
to  farm  at  one  small  profit  over  actual  cost  to 
manufacture.  It  is  simple,  inexpensive,  easily 
operated  and  pays  for  itself  in  a  very  short  time. 

Capacity  of  this  Outfit  is  from  25  to  40  quarts, 
making  a  cheese  weighing  from  eight  to  ten 
pounds.  With  milk  selling  around  80  and  90  cents 
per  hundred,  any  Farmer  can  save  about  one- 
third  of  the  price  he  pays  for  store  cheese,  and 
at  the  same  time  have  an  outlet  for  either  his 
whole  or  skimmed  milk.  This  excellent  home¬ 
made  cheese  sells  readily  to  the  Dealer  at  a  big 
profit,  either  for  cash  or  in  exchange  for  goods. 

This  wonderful  Complete  Cheese-Making  Outfit 
is  manufactured  by  the  Holland  Sporting  Goods 
Mfg.  Co.,  Dept.  E  Holland,  Mich.  Every  Farmer 
should  write  them  for  full  description  of  the  Out¬ 
fit,  prices,  etc.,  and  exact  directions  telling  how 
to  make  cheese  at  a  profit  right  on  the  farm. 


.  . . TO  OUR  PATRONS  .  . . 


CREL  OLL”  w  afl“ 


If  you  ^  4 

have  any  - ~ - — - curing 

the  calves  of  “scours,”  cows  of  contagious  aborlien,  or 
even  your  poultry  of  gapes,  cholera,  lice,  etc.,  we  adivse 
that  you  use  it  freely  in  your  stables  during 


FLY  TIME 


and  kill  flies,  nits,  disease  germs,  and  keep  stables 
thoroughly  disinfected.  It  requires  a  powerful  prepara¬ 
tion  to  do  this.  Also  spray  all  animals  lightly  once  a 
day  during  hot  weather. 

For  summer  uses  special  prices  on  quantities. 
Caledonia  Chemical  Co.,  Caledonia,  N.  Y. 


HERE  are  some  of  the 
things  an  Olds  Gasoline 

Engine  will  do  for  you ;  if  you  distribute 
the  cost  of  the  engine  and  fuel  over  this 
list,  you’ll  see  that  it’s  an  economy,  not 
an  expense. 


Grinding  feed 

Pumping  water 

Sawing  wood 

Husking  corn 

Shredding  corn 

Filling  silo 

Cutting  ensilage 

Cutting  meat 

Spraying  trees 

Filling  ice  house 

ad  running  the  following: 

Thresher 

Cream  separator 

Fodder  mill 

Cider  mill 

Hay  press 

Hay  hoist 

Electric  light  plant 

Fanning  mill 

Churn  • 

Grindstone 

You’ll  find  somegasolineengineslowerpriced 
than  the  Olds;  but  when  it  comes  to  machinery, 
you  know  the  best  is  always  the  cheapest. 

When  you’re  ready  for  full  information,  we’ll 
be  glad  to  send  it. 

Seager  Engine  Works 

908  Seager  Street,  Lansing,  Mich. 

Branch  f  Mallalieu  &  Conrey,  1816  Market  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa, 

Offices  1  ^>eyo'^acey  EnB*ne  Co.,  26  Washington  St.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 

I  Robt.  W.  Hart,  Mgr.  Seager  Engine  Works.  67  Beverly  St.,  Boston 


956 


THE  RURA.I*  NEW-YORKER 


June  3, 


The  Henyard. 


THAT  HEN  CONTEST, 

Here  are  two  more  reports  from  \V.  J. 
Dougan,  bringing  the  hen  record  up  to 
May  1 : 

Report  No.  4,  Record  of  10  Wyaxdottes. 

Following  is  report  of  the  10  Wyandottes 
in  contest  for  the  last  13  days  of  April. 


During  that  time  they  have  consumed,  or 
have  left  in  hoppers : 

Fer  Cwt. 

11  lbs.  corn . at  $1.17  .13 

7  lbs.  wheat  bran.... . at  1.70  .14 

7 Mi  lbs.  mixed  feed  (cooked)  at  1.33  .12 

G  lbs.  beef  scrap . at  2.85  .17 

5%  lbs.  wheat  screenings...  .at  1.55  .09 

51/2  lbs.  oats  . at  1.10  .00 


.71 

During  that  time  they  laid  64  eggs,  16 
of  which  were  sold  at  45  cents  per  dozen 
and  56  placed  in  incubator. 

w.  J.  DOUGAN. 

In  the  last  report  we  had  194  eggs, 
costing  $2.50.  Now  the  figures  are  258, 
costing  $3.21,  or  1.25  cent  each.  Re¬ 
turns  from  eggs  sold  run  to  $1.63.  Thus 
far  it  will  he  seen  the  Leghorns  have 
cost  less  than  the  Wyandottes,  and  pro¬ 
duced  a  cheaper  egg. 

Report  No.  4,  Record  of  10  Leghorxs. 

The  10  Leghorns  in  the  contest  gave  the 
following  results  for  the  last  15  days  of 
April.  During  that  time  they  consumed, 
or  have  left  in  hoppers : 

Fer  Cwt. 

11  lbs.  cracked  corn . at  $1.17  .13 

7  V2  lbs.  mixed  feed  . at  1.55  .12 

6  lbs.  beef  scraps . at  2.85  .17 

Per  Bag. 

6  lbs.  oats  . at  1.10  .07 

5  lbs.  wheat  screenings. .  .at  1.55  .08 

4  lbs.  bran  . at  1.70  .07 

.64 

During  that  time  they  laid  83  eggs,  14  of 
which  were  sold  at  45  cents  per  dozen,  and 
we  have  set  103  in  incubators. 

w.  J.  DOUG  AX. 

Previously  these  hens  had  eaten  $2.14 
worth  of  food.  The  total  is  now  $2.80. 
They  have  laid  273  eggs,  costing  a  frac¬ 
tion  over  one  cent  each.  The  eggs  sold 
have  brought  $1.57.  The  value  of  the 
chicks  will  come  later. 


SELECTING  THE  GOOD  HENS. 

How  do  the  expert  poultry  men  select  the 
best  hens  for  breeding  when  they  do  not 
use  the  trap-nest? 

While  it  is  not  easy  to  tell  your  best 
layers  always  without  trap-nests,  yet  the 
expense  of  trap-nesting  on  a  large  scale  is 
such  that  it  is  out  of  the  question  for  a 
large  poultry  man.  Of  course  a  poultry 
man  can  tell  by  handling  a  hen  whether 
she  is  laying  or  not,  but  this  also  is  a 
large  contract  when  you  are  keeping  hens 
by  the  thousands.  So  we  have  to  find 
other  ways  to  judge  a  hen  by.  We  can 
tell  by  the  hen’s  looks  and  actions  whether 
she  is  laying  or  not.  A  laying  hen  is  busy, 
she  will  range  a  long  way  from  the  roost ; 
she  is  active  and  happy,  scratching  and 
“singing”  as  we  call  it  all  day.  A  hen 
who  spends  much  time  loafing  around  the 
roosts  can  safely  be  put  in  the  discard. 
We  go,  perhaps,  more  by  the  shape  thaD 
any  one  other  single  factor.  A  good  layer 
should  be  what  we  call  an  egg  type,  that 
is  built  like  a  wedge  with  the  bulk  of  her 
weight  taken  up  with  tne  digestive  organs. 
This  shape  on  a  hen,  taken  with  the  neces¬ 
sary  size,  activity  and  vigor  to  stand  high 
feeding,  is  a  safe  thing  to  go  by  in  selecting 
your  breeders  where  you  ax-e  building  up  a 
flock  of  laying  hens. 

New  York.  fi.oyd  q.  white. 

With  trap-nesting  shelved  as  being  fussy 
and  impractical,  the  selection  of  the  best 
laying  hens  virtually  resolves  itself  into  a 
question  of  individual  opinions  and  beliefs, 
perhaps  “notions”  influenced  by  a  greater 
or  lesser  knowledge  of  the  hen’s  anatomy 
and  of  the  evolutions  of  an  egg  in  process 
of  formation.  Our  experiences  have 
failed  to  verify  in  practice  many  of  the 
claims  and  theories  advanced  by  accepted 
authorities  on  the  subject  of  selecting  the 
layers,  so  we  go  by  appearances  and  indi¬ 
cations  in  general,  alike  to  the  experienced 
dairyman  in  his  selection  of  the  best  milk¬ 
ers  from  among  a  lot  of  cows.  In  recent 
years  we  have  held  to  and  followed  a  theory 
in  breeding  for  the  continuous  ias’er,  where¬ 
by  we  believe  nature  assists  us  on  its  own 
lines  in  the  multiplication  of  the  fittest,  if 
heredity  and  percentage  count  for  anything. 
It  consists  in  simply  allowing  the  hen  to 
have  her  way  and  following  it  up  with  con 
tinuous  hatching.  Briefly  explained,  our 
plan  is  to  take  a  number  of  pullets,  raised 
and  kept  under  equal  conditions,  and  in  due 
time  allow  each  layer  to  become  passive, 
broody,  when  in  the  mood  and  setting  her 
with  eggs  not  her  own  but  from  active 
layers.  Continue  doing  so  with  all  the  orig¬ 
inal  units  until  all  have  placed  themselves 


on  the  passive  list  as  layers,  the  breeding 
season  of  these  units  ending  with  the  last 
layer  set  on  her  own  eggs,  no  eggs  from 
a  second  cycle  being  used.  On  reserving 
future  breeders  begin  with  the  last  hatch, 
inverting  the  ordinary  plan  of  selecting 
them  from  the  earlier  hatched  chicks. 

Pennsylvania.  gori  and  son. 


CATCHING  THAT  WEASEL. 

On  page  558  mention  was  made  of  a 
weasel  that  “eats"  or  gnaws  oxen.  IIow 
can  he  be  caught? 

If  a  weasel  was  eating  my  oxen  I  think 
I  would  stay  with  them  at  night  and  get 
the  weasel  that  way  if  I  could.  If  I  had 
a  perfectly  tight  box  stall  or  one  that  could 
be  made  so  I  would  keep  the  oxen  there, 
leaving  a  small  hole  for  the  weasel  to  en¬ 
ter  ;  then  a  steel  trap  properly  placed 
would  get  him.  H.  «. 

Frankfort,  N.  Y. 

Geo.  Cosgrove  wishes  to  know  how  to 
trap  that  weasel  that  is  eating  his  oxen.  I 
recollect  a  weasel  got  into  our  henhouse 
and  played  havoc  with  our  hens.  I  took  a 
steel  trap  and  set  it  against  the  henhouse 
on  the  outside  where  there  were  signs  of 
the  weasel  entering  and  then  took  a  young 
chicken,  hung  it  up  by  the  legs  against  the 
building  above  the  trap  about  15  inches.  In 
less  than  15  minutes  the  cries  of  the  chick 
attracted  the  weasel ;  he  jumped  up  for  the 
chicken  and  when  it  dropped  it  landed  in 
the  trap.  J.  a.  m. 

New  York. 

In  answer  to  your  question  about  weasels 
eating  cattle  at  night  I'll  give  a  Swedish 
remedy  of  at  least  50  years  ago.  Put  a 
large  sounding  bell  on  each  ox;  when  the 
weasel  bites  him  he  will  shake  the  bell 
which  will  frighten  him  away. 

CHAS.  STEXINS. 

Shut  a  chicken  up  in  the  place  with  the 
oxen.  The  weasel  will  kill  and  eat  a  por¬ 
tion  of  the  chicken,  and  leave  the  rest. 
Now  let  Mr.  Cosgrove  sprinkle  a  small  por¬ 
tion  of  strychnine  on  the  portion  left,  and 
place  next"  night  where  the  weasel  left  it, 
being  careful  to  exclude  other  things,  and 
next  morning  the  weasel  will  be  his.  I 
have  always  caught  all  my  varmint  ene¬ 
mies  this  way.  No  other  poison  excepting 
strychnine  will  get  them,  for  if  they  ever 
get  a  bite  of  any  other  kind  and  it  does  not 
kill  them,  you  cannot  get  them  any  more, 
but  strychnine,  even  a  small  portion,  will 
always  get  them  the  first  time.  By  using 
due  caution  there  is  no  danger.  But  care 
must  be  used  in  handling  the  poisoned 
chicken.  s.  h.  James. 

Louisiana. 

If  M.  G.  M„  page  558.  will  take  a  box 
15x18  inches,  12  inches  high,  make  a  cou¬ 
ple  of  holes  in  sides  or  ends  large  enough 
for  rat  to  enter,  bait  his  trap  under  the 
box,  set  on  chicken  house  floor,  he  will 
get  rid  of  mice  and  rats.  The  box  will 
prevent  chickens  getting  at  bait  or  in  trap. 
For  convenience  I  knock  top  off  box  and 
invert  it  on  floor  over  trap.  s. 

Washington. 

Fey  Paper  for  Weasels. — Having  read 
about  weasel  eating  oxen,  would  suggest 
placing  sticky  fly  paper  around  freely,  es¬ 
pecially  at  any  hole  you  would  think  weasel 
enters  by.  It  may  catch  a  few  rats  at  same 
time,  is  very  inexpensive,  and  worth  giving 
a  trial ;  is  always  good  until  used. 


EGGS  STICK  TO  SHELLS. 

My  customers  to  whom  I  sell  eggs  are 
complaining  that  the  skin  (membrane)  on 
the  inside  of  eggs  sticks  to  the  shell.  What 
causes  it  and  what  is  the  cure? 

Toledo,  Ohio.  w.  s. 

When  a  fresh  egg  is  broken,  the  inside 
skin  or  membrane  should  “stick  to  the 
shell”  allowing  the  contents  to  escape. 
What  is  troubling  your  customers  is  prob¬ 
ably  the  white  or  albumen,  clinging  or  even 
sticking  to  the  membrane  so  that  part  is 
left  in  the  shell  and  wasted.  Feeding  may 
have  something  to  do  with  it,  but  we  have 
had  this  trouble  only  with  eggs  that  have 
lain  for  some  days  without  turning.  Fre¬ 
quently,  this  happens  in  hot  weather  when 
eggs  have  stood  for  only  a  short  time,  and 
in  some  cases,  not  only  the  whites  but  the 
volk  will  stick  as  well  I  should  say  keep 
the  eggs  in  a  cool  place  not  too  dry,  and 
if  held  any  length  of  time  before  delivering 
turn  at  least  every  other  day.  r.  b. 


CARING  FOR  YOUNG  TURKEYS. 

Having  read  the  letter  of  Mrs.  E.  J. 
Rider  on  turkey  raising,  I  would  like  to 
get  full  particulars  of  her  method  of  rais¬ 
ing  turkeys,  as  I  have  raised  some  big 
losses  and  much  trouble.  MRS.  c.  w.  L. 

New  York. 

Ans. — I  feed  the  young  poults  noth¬ 
ing  but  good  sweet  bread  and  milk  with 
sliced  onion  tops,  also  dandelion  top, 
with  plenty  of  grit,  good  clean  fresh 
water  where  they  can  get  it  at  all  times. 
Feed  the  bread  and  milk  until  they  are 
three  or  four  weeks  old,  then  sprinkle  a 
few  kernels  of  wheat  where  they  can 
get  it,  and  they  will  readily  pick  it  up, 
and  in  a  few  days  you  have  them  eat¬ 
ing  wheat.  Good  wheat  (not  screenings) 
should  be  fed.  Remember  to  keep  them 
free  from  vermin  by  sprinkling  the 
mother  with  insect  powder  every  week 
while  sitting,  and  when  the  poults 
come  off  they  will  not  have  the  lice  to 
contend  with.  Clean  the  coops  every 
day,  have  them  good  and  roomy,  with 
a  floor,  so  skunks  cannot  get  in,  and 
have  a  good  roof  to  keep  mother  and 
poults  housed  at  night  and  dry  during 
rainy  weather.  Let  them  have  their 
liberty.  They  destroy  many  insects,  and 
even  small  snakes  I  have  seen  them  eat, 
also  many  weeds.  They  surely  are  a 
benefit  to  a  farm.  Some  people  are  very 
bitter  against  a  turkey,  but  all  people  do 
not  see  alike.  MRS.  e.  j.  rider. 

New  York. 


OUR  BOOKLET 

When  the  Going  is  Hard 

Contains  information  that  is  well  worth  your 
time  to  read.  The  discussion  on  “A  Wheel 
with  One  Spoke”  is  worth  DOLLARS  to  you. 
We  tell  you  why  a  wooden  wheel  is 
dished,  which  is  something  many  wagon 
manufacturers  do  not  know.  There  are  about 
twenty-five  other  articles  just  as  interesting. 

DAVENPORT  ROLLER-BEARING 

STEEL  FARM  WAGON 

There  are  many  reasons  why  the  DAVENPORT  is  the  wagon  for  the  farmer  today. 
Among  these  are:  30%  to  50%  Lighter  Draft,  Increased  Carrying  Capacity,  Does  Not  Carry- 
Mud,  No  Repair  Bills,  No  Tires  to  Reset,  and  Many,  Many  More^ 

Better  Investigate.  Write  for  the  booklet  and  also 
for  our  Package  No.  36.  Both  sent  FREE. 

DAVENPORT  WAGON  COMPANY 

Davenport,  Iowa  the  roller  bearing 


MODERNIZE  YOUR  BARN  WITH  A 

PORTER  CARRIER 


No  barn  Is  considered 
complete  unless  equip¬ 
ped  with  litter  carriers. 
Dirty  and  unsanitary 
stables  are  no  longer  tolerated.  The 
r — saving  of  labor,  the  lessening  of  dan- 
trer  from  fire,  immunity  of  live  stock 
. “  ■  t-4 — ”  from  disease,  and  the  saving  of  ma¬ 
nure,  are  only  a  few  reasons  why  Ut¬ 
ter  carriers  are  growing  more  popu¬ 
lar  every  day. 

The  Porter  Litter  Carrier 

is  the  system  for  the  farmer  who 
wants  permanency.  The  quality  of 
material  and  workmanship  entering 
Into  their  make-up  have  no  equal. 
As  time  and  labor  savers,  they  excel 
all  other  makes.  Get  our  catalogue, 
which  tells  and  illustrates  by  pic¬ 
tures  the  many  ways  our  feed  and 
litter  carriers  can  be  used. 

J.  E.  PORTER  CO., 

OTTAWA,  ILIj. 


Kills  All  Ticks 

ONE  DIPPING 


►  64  years  experience  prove  truth  of  this  _ 
statement.  Every  tick  and  nit  absolutely 
destroyed  if  you  use 

Cooper  Dip 

The  only  dip  that  killsALI.ticksln  ONE  dipping— 
Cooper’s  is  sure  scab  destroyer.  Increases  growth 
and  improves  quality  of  wool .  Perfect  skin  tonle. 
Results  considered  ischeapestdip  on  market.  Used 
on  300  million  sheep  annually.  Handsome  Calen¬ 
dar  and  booklet  free  if  you  mention  this  paper. 

Prices:  25  gal.  pkt.  50c  100  gal.  pkt.  $1.75 

Ask  your  druggist  or  write 

SCHIEFFELIN  &  CO. 

,  170  Williams  Street  New  York  City 


Genasco 

the  Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt  Roofing 

There’s  a  bigdifference  between  Trin¬ 
idad  Lake  Asphalt  Roofing  and  socalled 
asphalt  roofings.  Write  for  the  Good 
Roof  Guide  Bookandfindoutabout  them. 

Askyour  dealer  for  Genasco  with  Kant- 
leak  Kleets  packed  injthe  roll. 

The  Barber  Asphalt  Paving  Company 


Largest  producers  of  asphalt,  and  largest 
manufacturers  of  ready  roofing:  In  the  world. 


New  York 


Philadelphia 
San  Francisco 


Chicago 


i)()  EGGS  SI. 00 — Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
/  U  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,' etc.  Booklet  free.  Dirge  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 

EGGS — $1  per  15,  $2  per  40  of  Thor.  Brahma..  Rocks,  Wvvii- 
ilotlea,  Reds,  Minorcas,  Houdaus,  Leghorns,  Hamburg*;  19  var., 
28  years’  experience.  Catalogue.  S.  K.  Mohr,  Coopersburg,  Pa. 

nnill  TDYMP  M — Don't  fall  to  secure  Stock  and 
rUULI  II  I  lYlL.li  Eggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Marietta,  Pa. 

Indian  Runner  Ducks,  $4  per  pair,  from  200-egg  strain. 

*r  12.  C.  GORDON,  Sprakers,  N.  V. 


Eggs,  $1.00  and  S'2.00  per 

WHITE  EGG  STRAIN  INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS-Tlior- 

oughbred,  vigorous  birds.  Wonderful  layers 
of  large  white  eggs;  mated  with  imported  drakes, 
well  marked,  fawn  and  white;  $2.00  for  15;  Buff 
Orpingtons,  $1.50  for  15.  Liberal  discount  for  incu¬ 
bator  eggs.  Cherry  Hill  Farms,  Pittstown,  N.  J. 

rnpQ-TNTUAN  RUNNER  DUCKS,  Barred 
LUUO  Pb’niouth  Rocks,  Mammoth  Bronze 
Turkeys  and  Pearl  Guineas.  Write  for 
Free  Price  List.  C.  ADELL  KAYNER,  West  Falls,  N.  Y. 

Hunn  Lake  Poultry  Farm  frsK m 

White  Wyandotte  Chicks,  $12  per  100.  Eggs,  $5per  100. 

THE  FARMER’S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Beds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland.  N.  Y, 

DAVIS  S.  C.  REDS 

200  EGG  STRAIN  Prices  reduced  after  May  1 

EGGS  Utility,  $5.00  per  100;  S1.00  per  13, 

:-a -  Special  Matings,  $1.50  per  13 ;  $8.00  per  100. 

Mammoth  Hot  Water  Incubator  Chicks,  $15.00  per  100 

DAVIS  POULTRY  FARM,  Berlin,  Mass. 

Eggs  For  Hatching-}1,-,,?;;, 

Indian  Runner  Ducks.  High-class  stock- 
utility,  show  or  export  SINCLAIR  SMITH,  002 
Fifth  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

SPECIAL  OFFER— White  Rock  Eggs.  $1  15;  $5  $  100. 

Partridge  Cochin  Eggs,  $1.25  15;  $0.00  ^  100. 

Partridge  Wyandotte  Eggs.  $1.00  ^  15;  $5.00  $  100. 
Barred  Rock  Eggs.  $1.25  ft  15;  $7.00  ^  100. 

Fresh  eggs  from  good  stock,  free  range  and  healthy. 

Circular  prices  hold  on  your  choice  of  matings. 
MINCH  BIIOS.,  lt-Si,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 


iROWN  FENCES 


D' 

Strongest,  most  durable  fence 
made.  Heaviest,  closest  wires.  Double 
galvanized.  Practically  indestructible.  Stock  ^ 

■  strong  Chicken  tight.  14  to  35c  per  rod.  Sample  free.  Wepayfrt, 

|HieBrowiHenc^^\6r^o^De£l^^CIevelaniLHhl^) 


WISNER  STEEL  HAND  CART 


Platform  hangs  low ; rides  level. 
Will  hold  four  40-qt.  milk  cans. 
Tips  forward  like  warehouso 
truck.  Will  turn  clear  over  to 
dump  load.  Fitted  with  large 
body  for  farmers. 

.  .  .  Write  for  Prices  .  .  . 

WISNER  MFG.  CO., 

230  Greenwich  St.,  New  York 


Death  iilo  Stomach 
Worms  Guaranteed 

Wo  will  send  you  100  lbB.  of  I)R. 
HOLLAND’S  MEDICATED  STOCK 
SALT  ou  60  days’  trial  freight 
prepaid.  If  you  derive  no  benefit, 
It  costa  you  nothing;  if  you  do,  it 
costs  you  $6.00.  Give  ua  your  or¬ 
der  at  onco. 

The  HOLLAND  STOCK  REMEDY 
COMPANY,  Wellington,  Ohio. 


PRIZE  WINNING  STRAINS 


Bonnie  Brae  White  Leg¬ 
horns  and  Pekin  Ducks 


|  Barred  Rocks, 
•  White  Wyan¬ 
dottes,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  both  combs,  Single 
Comb  White  and  Brown  Leghorns,  eggs  $1.50,  15; 
$7.00,  100.  Light  and  Dark  Brahmas,  $2.00,  15.  Cat¬ 
alog  gratis.  F.  M.  PRESCOTT,  Riverdale,  N.  J. 

WRIGHT’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTE  WINNERS 

—Baby  Cliix.  dune  Hatch,  $11  per  100;  $0  per  60. 
GRAND  VIEW  FARM,  -  Stan  ford  vi  llk,  N.  Y. 

LAKEHILL  FARM 

W.  H.  THACHKIt. 

Single  and  Rose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W.  P.  Rocks 
and  Imp.  Pekin  Ducks.  Cockerels  and  Ducks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  in  any  quantity  from  $'.’  up. 
Chicks.  $15  per  100.  Ducklings,  $25  per  IUU.  Write 
for  special  prices  in  large  lots.  Orders  booked  for 
early  celivery  of  hatching  eggs  and  day  old  chicks 
and  ducklings.  Safe  delivery  and  satisfaction 
guaranteed.  CARL  W.  LLOYD,  Mgr., 

Hillside,  Westchester  County.  N.  V. 

ARE  BETTER 
than  over. 
Eggs  from  our 
heavy  laying 
strains  now 
ready;  also  some  choice  matings  of  Barred  and 
White  Plymouth  Rocks,  Rose  Comb  White  Leg¬ 
horns,  White  Wyandottes,  Single  and  Rose  Comb 
Rhode  Island  Reds,  Light  Brahmas,  Mammoth 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Pearl  Guinea  Fowl.  Orders 
for  early  settings  and  baby  chicks  now  booked. 
Get  some  prize  matings  at  right  prices.  BONNIE 
BRAE  POULTRY  FARM,  NEW  ROCHELLE,  N.  Y.  Largest 
successful  plant  in  New  York  vicinity.  10,000-ogg 
capacity.  Agents  for  Cyphers  Incubator  Company. 
Correspondence  invited. 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Baby  Chicks,  prompt  shipment,  $9  per  100.  Hatch¬ 
ing  Eggs.  Pullets  and  Yearling  Hens,  prompt  or 
future  shipment.  Quality  kind  at  right  prices. 

SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington,  N.  J. 

Buff,  Wh.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  S.  C.  U.  I.  Red. 
Eggs,  90c.  per  15,  $1 .50  per  30.  $2.75  per  00,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  Pa. 

■WT-YCKOFF- BLANCHARD  strains  Single-Comb 
”  White  Leghorns,  $1.25  setting.  Heavy  laying 
Rose-Comb  Black  Minorcas,  $1.50  setting.  Circular. 
HIGH  RIDGE  POULTRY  FARM,  Laurel.  Md. 

BABY  CHICKS,  10c.  S  SEe'a’t 

C.  White  Leghorns  in  any  quantity.  Safe  arrival 
guaranteed.  Circulars  free.  CHAS.  R.  STONE,  Baby 
Chicken  Farm,  Staatsburg-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 

Cr/5/IiC— 30  for  $1.  $3.  per  100.  Single-comb 
“  0  Brown  Leghorns.  Good  stock  guar¬ 

anteed.  H.  A.  THACHKR,  Perulack,  Fa. 

DABY  CHICKS — Single  Comb  White  Leghorns. 
•*-'  Rose  Comb  Rhode  Island  Reds,  9c  and  12c  each. 
Strong  and  livable.  From  vigorous  free  range  stock, 
bred  for  utility  and  standard  qualities.  Safe  delivery 
guaranteed.  WESLEY  GRINNELL,  Sodus,  N.  \'. 


3911. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


(567 


M  I  L  K. 

Tbe  New  York  Exchange  price  is  81.41 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  2%  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 

THE  BELLOWS  MILK  CASE. 

You  request  information  regarding  the 
progress  of  my  notable  test  case  waged 
in  the  farmers’  behalf  against  Russell  Ray¬ 
nor,  Chief  of  the  Inspection  Bureau  of 
the  New  York  City  Health  Department. 
The  case  was  argued  before  the  Appellate 
Division  of  the  Supreme  Court  a  few 
weeks  ago  by  Attorney  Charles  L.  Andrus, 
of  Stamford.  Word  has  been  received  that 
the  action  of  the  court  at  Delhi,  in  May, 
1910,  with  Judge  Coman  presiding,  has 
been  sustained.  The  decision  of  the  Ap¬ 
pellate  Division  of  the  Supreme  Court  is 
therefore,  adverse  to  the  plaintiff’s  and 
the  farmers’  cause.  The  court  has  as  yet 
sent  my  attorneys  no  opinion,  and  the  de¬ 
fendant  has  not  filed  judgment.  It  seems 
singular  that  when  the  case  was  argued 
by  the  attorney  for  the  farmers  one  of  the 
judges  is  reported  to  have  said  in  sub¬ 
stance  that  the  farmers  in  this  section  of 
the  State  had  not  been  injured  much  by 
the  attempted  enforcement  of  the  rules  and 
regulations  of  the  city  Health  Department. 

The  interpretation  of  the  decision  of  the 
test  case,  undertaken  at  the  farmers’  re¬ 
quest  and  financial  support  to  determine  the 
extent  of  the  questionable  jurisdiction  of 
the  New  York  City  Board  of  Health,  out¬ 
side  of,  as  well  as  within  the  city  limits, 
was  regarding  the  control  of  conditions 
affecting  the  production  of  milk  and  its  de¬ 
livery  and  sale  in  New  York  City.  It  is 
and  was  my  intention,  if  supported  finan¬ 
cially  by  interested  parties,  dairymen, 
C ranges,  etc.,  to  make  this  a  test  case  to 
determine  whether  farmers  outside  of  the 
city  have  any  property  rights  the  arbitrary 
and  presumptive  health  officials  of  a  dis¬ 
tant  city  are  bound  by  law  to  respect.  So 
far  it  seems  that  the  city  health  officers 
by  any  farce  of  barn  inspection,  etc.,  may 
do  what  they  will  with  the  farmers’  dairy 
product.  No  direct  evidence  of  the  im¬ 
purity  of  milk  is  required  to  restrict  its 
sale  in  the  city  markets,  and  in  number 
and  stringency  the  rules  and  regulations 
of  the  city  health  officials  may  be  what¬ 
ever  suits  their  caprice  and  royal  pleasure. 
The  farmer  has  nothing  to  say.  He  may, 
without  apparent  redress,  be  financially 
ruined.  This  seems  neither  just  nor  right. 
The  Court  of  Appeals  is  the  highest 
authority  in  the  State.  The  case  should 
be  taken  to  that  court  for  final  decision. 
This  is  the  advice  of  my  attorneys  and 
the  opinion  of  many  dairymen  who  want  to 
see  tbe  finish  of  the  fight.  Aside  from  the 
contributions  received  by  The  R.  N.-Y.,  we 
have  $130  on  hand.  This  does  not  include 
what  would  remain  after  present  costs  of 
defendant’s  appeal  are  paid.  If  the  farmers 
will  sustain  me,  I  have  decided  to  appeal 
and  fight  for  farmers’  rights  in  the  high¬ 
est  judicial  tribunal  of  the  State.  I  would 
like  the  opinion  of  the  editor  of  The  It. 
N.-Y.  and  of  its  readers  interested  in  my 
case ;  also  to  know  what  aid,  if  any,  they 
think  the  merits  of  the  case  deserve  and 
may  be  furnished.  sniffin'  k.  bellows. 


Dairymen  are  forming  what  they  call  the 
Northern  Ohio  Milk  Producers’  Association. 
They  have  recently  held  meetings  in  Burton, 
Middletield,  and  vicinity  for  the  purpose  of 
organizing  and  raising  funds,  farmers  to 
take  shares  of  $25  for  the  purpose  of  estab¬ 
lishing  a  milk  selling  plant  for  selli  lg  direct 
to  the  consumer,  and  also  to  build  a  cream¬ 
ery  for  the  surplus  in  the  Hush  of  the  sea¬ 
son,  should  there  be  any.  The  Belle  Ver- 
non-Mapes  Dairy  Co.  of  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
are  the  principal  dealers.  They  have  a  con- 
densery  at  Burton  and  numerous  milk  ship¬ 
ping  stations  throughout  Northern  Ohio. 
Dairymen  are  dissatisfied  with  their  unsat¬ 
isfactory  way  of  buying.  For  instance,  the 
price  paid  the  producer  for  November,  De¬ 
cember  and  January  was  $1.50  per  100 
pounds,  delivered  at  the  factory ;  they  re¬ 
tail  milk  for  nine  cents  per  quart.  In 
February  the  price  dropped  to  $1.30  per 
100;  March  1  to  $1,20,  March  15  to  $1.10, 
and  April  1  to  $1  per  100,  but  all  this  time 
the  price  to  the  consumer  was  nine  cents 
per  quart.  Where  the  price  will  go  to  in 
May  nobody  knows  but  the  milk  trust. 
No  wonder  milk  producers  are  dissatisfied 
with  hay  at  $16  per  ton  and  mighty  scarce 
;.t  that,  and  with  rigid  inspection  from  meu 
who  know  nothing,  complaining  of  the  sur- 
:oundings  of  dairy  farms,  forcing  the  farm- 

<  rs  to  put  in  concrete  floors  and  windows, 
ventilation,  and  cooling  the  milk  so  as 
to  be  at  least  70  degrees  F.  when  reaching 
shipping  station,  when  the  weather  is  warm, 
at  about  80  or  90  degrees  F.,  but  all  this 

<  xtra  dairymen  are  trying  to  meet.  We 
have  tried  to  meet  this  with  the  expecta¬ 
tion  of  getting  paid,  but  the  dealer  is  get¬ 
ting  the  benefit  and  not  the  producers,  who 
have  gone  to  a  lot  of  extra  expense.  si. 

Burton,  O. 


Massachusetts  Milk  Prices. 

Tbe  figures  below,  given  me  by  a  pro¬ 
ducer  here,  show  prices  per  8%-quart  can 
at  his  farm  for  the  past  three  years,  with 
account  of  discount  for  cheesing,  also. 
Some  dairies  have  one  cent  more  per  can 
than  this,  on  account  of  easier  collection. 
You  will  note  that  the  gain  of  seven  cents 
per  can  for  Summer  milk  last  year,  that 
was  expected  to  be  permanent,  has  now 
been  lost  again,  and  our  dairymen  are 
pessimistic  on  the  situation.  No  doubt 
that  reciprocity  will  hurt  the  farmers’  in¬ 
terest  in  milk  quite  as  much  as  in  any  line 
of  production.  The  freight  rates  on  milk 
from  near  points  in  Canada  are  as  low  as 
from  points  here  in  Massachusetts,  30  miles 
from  Boston. 


Cans. 

Price  of  milk,  April  to  October,  1907.. $0.31. 
Cheesed  in  November,  1007... $1.75  on  244 

Cheesed  in  December,  1007...  3.15  on  210 

Cheesed  in  January,  1908 .  2.55  on  169 

Cheesed  in  April,  1908 .  1.68  on  186 

Price  of  milk,  April  to  October,  1908.. $0.31 
Price  of  milk,  October,  1908,  to  April, 

1909  . .  38 

Price  of  milk,  Aprii  to  October,  1909. .  .30 

Price  of  milk,  September,  1909,  to 

May,  1910  . $0.39  to  .37 

Price  of  milk,  May  and  June,  1910...  .30 

Price  of  milk,  July  to  September,  1910.  .37 

Price  of  milk,  September,  1910,  to 


April,  1911  . 37 

Price  of  milk,  April,  1911 . 30 

This  April  price  offered  for  the  Summer 
by  the  contractors.  e.  f.  d. 

Massachusetts. 


The  farmers  in  this  vicinity  are  receiving 
10  cents  per  gallon  net  for  their  milk  until 
July  1,  when  they  will  receive  an  increase 
of  one  or  possibly  two  cents  a  gallon.  Milk 
is  retailing  in  Cleveland  for  seven  cents 
per  quart.  l.  r. 

Geauga  Co.,  O. 


Indications  point  to  a  decline  in  the 
dairying  business.  I  may  be  wrong.  Pres¬ 
ent  price  of  milk  $1.15  per  100,  $1  next 
month — minimum  price.  At  present  feed 
prices  the  farmer  can  make  a  small  profit 
at  dairying.  Feed  is  cheaper — some  feeds. 
Cows  have  been  $100  for  first-class  ones, 
grade.  A  little  off  now.  Some  talk  of  go¬ 
ing  out  of  dairying  and  into  potato  rais¬ 
ing,  etc.  There  has  been  much  talk  of 
high-priced  milk  and  of  consequent  profit  in 
dairying,  but  feed  has  been  so  high  that 
the  profit  has  been  but  a  small  item,  even 
with  the  best  dairymen  in  this  section. 
Now,  since  feed  has  gone  down,  milk  has 
begun  to  follow  suit.  M.  H.  K. 

Sherburn,  N.  Y. 


What  is  you  opinion  of  a  city  health 
commissioner  who  has  been  told  by  the 
city  corporation  counsel  that  he  has  no 
authority  outside  the  city  limits,  and  yet 
persists  in  sending  dairy  inspectors  in  the 
country,  ordering  farmers  to  remodel  their 
barns?  Where  farmers  refuse  to  comply 
with  his  orders  he  has  their  milk  returned ; 
said  milk  all  right ;  they  can  find  nothing 
wrong  with  the  milk.  square  deal. 

Erie  County,  N.  Y. 

R.  N.-Y. — We  could  give  no  opinion  with¬ 
out  all  the  facts.  This  man  refuses  to  have 
his  name  printed,  and  gives  us  only  one 
side.  We  cannot  judge  such  a  case  with¬ 
out  knowing  the  circumstances.  Recently 
we  had  a  letter  from  a  reader  whose  milk 
had  been  held  up  by  a  board  of  health. 
The  case  at  first  seemed  so  plainly  an  in¬ 
justice  that  we  were  disposed  to  publish  it 
openly.  Upon  investigation,  however,  we 
found  that  the  board  of  health  in  this  case 
had  fair  reason  for  their  action.  If  this 
correspondent  will  give  us  details  and 
names  we  will  do  our  best  to  help  him. 


MILK  RATION  WITH  BREWERS’  GRAINS. 

Please  advise  as  to  the  correctness  of 
the  following  mixture  for  producing  milk : 
100  pounds  cotton-seed  meal  ;  100  pounds 
Buffalo  gluten  ;  100  pounds  cornmeal ;  100 
pounds  Ajax  flakes ;  50  pounds  bran ;  30 
bushels  wet  brewers’  grains.  The  wet 
grains  are  mixed  with  the  dry  feed  each 
day.  Is  it  necessary  to  feed  bran?  If  so, 
is  there  any  other  feed  that  will  take  its 
place  that  is  cheaper  in  price?  What  will 
a  bushel  of  wet  brewers’  grain  weigh  when 
dried  ?  a.  n. 

New  Jersey. 

You  are  feeding  an  excellent  ration 
for  the  production  of  milk;  therefore 
without  knowing  more  about  your  con¬ 
ditions  such  as  breed  and  quality  of 
cows  and  roughage  available  I  could  not 
venture  an  opinion  as  to  any  improve¬ 
ment.  As  a  rule,  however,  we  do  not 
find  it  necessary  to  feed  wheat  bran  with 
such  feeds  as  wet  and  dry  brewers’ 
grains  or  dry  distillers’  grains.  As  these 
feeds  all  contain  much  more  protein 
than  bran  their  use  is  more  economical 
when  purchased  at  reasonable  prices.  In 
regard  to  the  weight  of  a  bushel  of 
wet  brewers’  grains  when  dry  it  is  more 
exact  to  deal  with  pounds.  One 
hundred  pounds  of  the  wet  grains  will 
weigh  about  26  bounds  when  dry. 

C.  S.  G. 


This  Is  Why! 

Putting  the  matter  as  briefly  as  possible,  the  reasons  for  the 

absolute  superiority  of  the 

United  States  Cream  Separator 

over  all  other  Separators,  are  as  follows: 

The  United  States  Separator  employs  a  device  for  deliver¬ 
ing  the  incoming  whole  milk  back  of  the  cream  wall,  thus  pre¬ 
venting  any  possible  remixing  of  the  cream  with  the  skimmilk. 
This  device  is  patented  by  us,  and  can  be  used  on  no  other 
Cream  Separator. 

The  United  States  Separator  employs  a  skimming  device 
which  by  reason  of  its  non-aligned  channels,  subjects  the  whole 
milk  to  a  higher  degree  of  centrifugal  stress  than  any  other 
skimming  device.  This,  also,  is  our  patent;  it  can  be  used  on  no 
other  Cream  Separator. 

The  United  States  Separator,  by  reason 
of  its  highly  efficient  skimming  device,  can  be 
thoroughly  washed  and  made  sanitary 

(as  the  records  show)  in  10  seconds.  Because 
the  same  principle  is  used  in  washing  as  in 
skimming. 

The  United  States  Separator  is  built  to 
last  a  generation;  and  it  does.  Sixteen, 
seventeen  and  eighteen  years  of  perfect  work, 
is  the  record  it  has  made. 

The  United  States  Separator,  by  reason 
of  its  modern  and  skillful  construction,  is  now 

the  easiest  running  Separator  built. 

Vermont  Farm  Machine  Co.,  Bellows  Falls, Vt. 


Fill  Your  Silo  First  I 

Pay  Afterwards 

I  Wo  want  to  prove  to  yon  that  onr  machines 
are  a  Rood  investment  before  yon  give  np  1 
I  your  money.  We  know  they  aro  so  good  that 
[we  do  not  feel  It  a  risk  to  M 

make  this  offer.  Just  tell  lA  In  our 
your  needs.  Ka  61st 

Year 


SILOFILLINQ  j 
MACHINERY] 

hasRl  years’exparience  behind  it — more  experience 
than  any  other  machinery  of  its  kind  made.  It  haa 
thousand*  ef  enthusiastic  owners  in  every  dairy  and 
intensive  farming  district  in  the  U.  S.  It  is  not  only 

FULLY  GUARANTEED 

to  b#  froo  from  defects  at  all  times  but  also  to  be 
the  strongest,  most  durable  and  modern  of  any- 
manufactured.  Our  offer  will  help  you  to  deter¬ 
mine  this  before  you  buy.  Ask  an  expert's  advice  if 
you  care  to. 

Our  large  free  catalog  shows  our  comploto  line. 
Write  for  it. 

E.  W.  ROSS  CO.Box  13  Springfield,  Ohio] 

We  also  manufacture  the  Ross  Silo 
A  complote  stock  of  machines  and  repairs  carried 
with  The  FairbanksCo.,  Syracuse,  N.Y.,  Mallalieu 
A  Convey,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Brinton  &  Worth, 
Westchester  Pa., Fred  B.Fuller.Gouverueur.N.Y. 


The  terra  cotta  tile  well  system  is  the  simplest, 

cheapest,  most  practical  and  sanitary  method 
known  for  producing  plenty  of  pure  water  for 
village  or  city  water  supplies,  for  Fire  Depts, 
irrigating  or  domestic  purposes,  protected  by 
patents,  ondorsed  by  the  U.  S.  Geological  survey, 
easy  to  learn  and  operate,  plenty  of  work  and  large 
profits.  State  and  county  rights  for  sale.  A 
full  investigation  solicited.  For  particulars  en¬ 
quire  of  J.  lSI.LIOTr,  Melville,  N.  Y. 


SILOS 

The  inventors  of  the  Modern 
Continuous-Opening  Silo  offer 
to  the  public  the  largest  and 
most  complete  line  of  Silos  op 
the  market.  Our  experience, 
which  antedates  that  of  any 
other  firm  manufacturingthese 
goods,  has  enabled  us  to  produce 
the  highest  quality  at 
the  most  reasonable 
prices.  Send  for  our 


catalog  on  Silos  and  Silo  Fillers, 
“the  kind  Uncle  Sam  uses,”  and 
tell  us  the  size  of  Silo  wanted. 

HARDER  MFC.  COMPANY 
BOX  ||  COBLESKILL,  N.  Y. 


SILO 


You  can  shove  ensilage  out  ofthe  unobstructed, 
continuous  door  front  of  aTJiiadlllaSilol5  cents 
a  ton  cheaper  tnan  yon  can  pitch  it  up  3  to  C  ft. 
over  cross-bars  on  an  ordinary  silo, 

TTnadllla  .Silo  doors  shove  up— most  others 
push  in,  making  it  necessary  to  feed  to  the 
bottom  of  these  doors  before  they  can  be  opened. 
^Non-breakable  lugs,  cold  rolled  over  threads  on 
end  of  steel  hoops — stronger  than  ordinary 
cut  thread  hoops.  Write  for  25  Reasons  Why. 
Extra  discount  for  early  orders  Agents  wanted. 

UN  A1>IT,L/V  SILO  CO.,  Box  B,  TTnadllla,  "N.  Y. 


INDIANA  SILOS 

Now  in  use  everywhere.  Any  user 

will  tell  you  why  Indiana  Silos  aro 
the  “best and  cheapest.”  Lotus 
send  you  the  F roe  book  that  solves 
the  high  priced  feed  question — 
“SILO  PROFITS.”  Our  Factories 
are  located  at  Anderson,  Ind.,  Des 
Moines,  Iowa,  and  Kansas  City. 
Mo.  Write  for  Silo  Catalog  Today. 

INDIANA  SILO  COMPANY 

318  Union  Building,  Anderson,  Ind. 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  PON 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 
GUARANTEED  MONEY-SAVING 


INTERNATIONAL 

SILOS 


strongest  built,  simplest  to  put  up  and  easiest  operated 
on  tlie  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take- up  hoop- 
continuous  open-door  front — air-tight  door  and  per* 
manent  ladder  are  some  of  the  unusual  features.  Tha 

IntaraaUenal  Bill*  Co-  II 3  Bala  St,,  yneavilla.  na. 


©68 


THE  R.UR-A.1^  REW- YORKER 


June  3,' 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 

Don’t  be  surprised  if  you  do  not  find 
answers  in  this  Department  to  inquiries 
sent  in  without  your  name.  They  go 
into  the  waste  basket.  If  you  do  not 
wish  to  give  your  name  in  confidence 
in  connection  with  a  question,  you  can 
not  expect  us  to  discuss  it  in  public. 

Please  let  me  know  through  your  paper 
what  you  think  of  the  Manhattan  Properties 
Company  as  an  investment  and  oblige 
New  York.  a  subsckiber. 

We  think  you  would  better  learn  to 
make  distinctions  between  investments, 
speculations,  and  swindles.  Don’t  think 
you  are  making  a  good  investment  un¬ 
less  you  can  sell  your  purchase  again 
for  as  much  as  you  paid  for  it.  You 
cannot  do  it  in  this  case. 

It  is  a  great  pleasure  to  have  the  express 
company  take  up  the  claim  at  your  request 
after  they  had  refused  for  a  whole  year  to 
pay  any  attention  to  me.  Yesterday  the 
claim  agent  had  me  sign  the  papers  and 
has  promised  to  have  check  in  full  for  the 
claim  in  a  few  days.  He  wanted  to  know 
if  I  would  not  now  pull  off  The  It.  N.-Y. 
You  don't  know  how  much  good  it  has  done 
me.  It  is  the  feeling  of  the  little  boy  going 
to  school  with  a  big  brother  who  will  see 
that  he  gets  fair  play  and  no  abuse. 

New  York.  F.  X.  W. 

Excuse  me,  but  I  ought  to  know.  I 
have  very  distinct  recollections  of  the 
little  boy,  and  of  the  big  brother  with 
a  strong  and  willing  arm,  too.  If  The 
R.  N.-Y.  exercises  any  such  function 
on  behalf  of  its  friends,  it  hats  no  apolo¬ 
gies  to  make  for  the  use  of  its  powers. 

Charles  Goddard,  Fayetteville,  West  Va., 
owes  me  $50  for  work  done  on  his  claim 
in  Arizona.  Will  you  try  to  get  it  for  me? 
Arizona.  J.  R.  s. 

We  have  tried,  but  Mr.  Goddard  does 
not  respond.  The  bill  is  for  work  done 
on  a  mining  claim,  and  as  it  represents 
good  hard  work,  one  would  expect  that 
Mr.  Goddard  would  come  forward  with 
the  cash.  We  do  not  like  to  see  a  man 
ignore  an  honest  bill ;  and  when  people 
are  not  sensitive  of  their  obligations, 
we  think  their  neighbors  owe  it  to  the 
public  to  exert  what  influence  they  can. 
If  Mr.  Goddard  claimed  inability  to  pay, 
we  would  not  trouble  him  further  than 
to  verify  such  a  claim  for  immunity, 
but  he  makes  no  such  excuse. 

I  have  been  offered  some  stock  in  the  William 
Galloway  Co.,  Waterloo,  la.  I  have  been  offered 
preferred  stock  at  $100  a  share,  and  $25  worth 
of  common  stock  free,  at  C per  cent  in¬ 
terest  on  the  dollar  preferred  stock.  The 
money  that  I  would  put  in  this  is  at  the 
present  time  getting  four  per  cent.  Could 
you  kindly  advise  me  whether  this  would 
be  all  right  or  not,  and  safe?  G.  M.  R. 
New  York. 

It  is  not  the  kind  of  an  investment 
we  would  recommend  to  farmers.  It 
may  turn  out  all  right,  and  it  may  not. 
The  company  is  capitalized  for  $3,- 
500,000,  and  its  statement  shows  net 
assets  far  less  than  half  a  million.  The 
method  of  marketing  it  has  been  to  say 
the  least  romantic.  To  make  a  good 
and  safe  investment  in  a  stock  or  bond 
you  should  be  able  to  sell  it  again  in  the 
open  market  for  about  what  it  cost  you. 
If  you  apply  this  test  to  the  stock  in 
question  we  think  you  will  conclude  to 
leave  your  money  where  it  is. 

Do  you  think  j’ou  are  clever  enough 
to  come  to  New  York  and  hold  your 
own  with  a  lot  of  land  promoters? 
Listen.  Last  week,  an  out-of-town 
client  arranged  for  the  exchange  of 
some  property  for  lots  in  the  suburbs 
of  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  proposing  to 
pay  $350  cash.  An  appraisal  of  the 
property  was  tendered.  This  client 
wisely  turned  the  matter  over  to  a 
shrewd  attorney  of  experience.  The 
promoters  proposed  to  meet  him  at  the 
depot  at  8  o’clock  in  the  morning  and 
take  him  direct  to  the  grounds.  He 
preferred  to  make  his  own  time;  and 
arranged  to  meet  them  at  12  noon.  In 
the  meantime  he  called  on  the  ap¬ 
praisers  and  looked  up  their  standing, 
which  was  first  class.  They  confirmed 
the  appraisal.  They  went  further.  “We 
will  take  the  property  at  the  price,” 
they  told  him.  He  felt  good.  Many 
attorneys  would  be  satisfied  and  go  no 
further.  But  he  went  to  the  county 
books  and  looked  up  the  records  of  the 
property.  It  was  all  right.  All  seemed 
satisfactory.  An  inexperienced  or  less 
persistent  attorney  would  have  gone  no 
further.  But  he  went  to  see  the  prop¬ 
erty.  There  it  was,  but  it  did  not  seem 
to  correspond  with  the  county  records. 
He  inquired  further.  The  company 
once  owned  the  lots,  but  they  had  been 
sold.  Seven  miles  from  town,  he  found 
the  lots  to  be  his — in  a  swamp.  The 
business  men  in  the  neighborhood 
told  him  he  was  a  different  type  from 
the  usual  run  of  suckers  who  came 
there  to  see  the  lots  after  they  had  been 
bought.  He  found  that  the  marshes 
sold  for  $3  per  acre.  You  may  not  run 


into  this  particular  scheme,  but  if  you 
want  to  test  your  skill  with  men  working 
their  own  game,  you  may  find  many 
opportunities. 

Hugh  II.  .Taneway  of  Plainfield,  and 
George  J.  Kirstein,  officers  of  tbe  United 
Contractors  Corporation  of  Jersey  City,  sur¬ 
rendered  themselves  in  the  Hudson  County 
Quarter  Sessions  Court.  Jersey  City,  yester¬ 
day,  on  an  indictment  returned  by  the  Hud¬ 
son  County  Grand  Jury  charging  them  and 
other  members  of  the  company's  executive 
committee  with  conspiracy.  They  are  ac¬ 
cused  in  connection  with  the  guaranteeing 
of  bonds  of  the  Terra  Marine  Company. 
Janeway  was  released  in  $3,000  and  Kir¬ 
stein  in  $5,000  bonds.  Janeway  was  vice- 
president  and  Kirstein  secretary  of  the 
United  Contractors  Corporation,  which  fin¬ 
anced  the  Terra  Marine  Inn  at  Huguenot 
Park,  Staten  Island.  The  others  w'ho  have 
been  indicted  are  Lawrence  It.  Kerr,  treas¬ 
urer;  Winfield  E.  Hinsdale,  president,  and 
Frank  D.  Ames.  George  B.  Stewart  of 
Huguenot  Park,  Staten  Island,  is  under  ar¬ 
rest  charged  with  conspiracy  in  the  same 
case.  lie  is  not  an  officer  of  the  company, 
but  is  credited  with  being  the  principal  in 
the  alleged  scheme  of  high  financing.  With 
the  Warrant  was  a  copy  of  an  indictment 
dated  May  6,  in  which  Stewart  is  named 
with  others  as  being  party  to  a  conspiracy 
to  cheat  Apolinc  Grossenbacher  of  Jersey 
City  out  of  $500  by  selling  her  a  first  mort¬ 
gage  real  estate  gold  bond  of  the  Terra 
Marine  Company.  When  Stewart  got  to 
police  headquarters  Lieutenant  Deevy  on  the 
desk  recognized  him  as  a  man  whose  pic¬ 
ture  is  in  the  rogues’  gallery.  Stewart  was 
indicted  for  getting  money  on  false  repre- 
sentations  in  1899  when  he  was  exploiting 
the  Mercantile  Manufacturing  Association. 
It  is  claimed  that  the  United  Contractors 
Corporation  guaranteed  first  mortgage  real 
estate  bonds  of  the  Terra  Marine  Company 
far  beyond  the  actual  value  of  the  com¬ 
pany’s  assets,  consisting  of  real  estate  and 
the  Terra  Marine  Inn  at  Huguenot  Park.  It 
is  alleged  that  although  $1,050,000  of  bonds 
were  sold  the  value  of  the  plant  was  less 
than  $500,000.  The  companies  are  now  in 
bankruptcy. — Daily  Paper. 

The  victims  of  similar  First  Mort¬ 
gage  Guaranteed  Gold  Bond  schemes,  at 
St.  Louis,  may  find  consolation  in  the 
reflection  that  they  are  not  the  only  dupes 
of  this  kind  of  frenzied  finance.  But 
these  New  York  chaps  are  not  up  to  date. 
They  ought  to  publish  a  paper  to  promote 
their  schemes ;  and  when  arrested  de¬ 
nounce  the  officials ;  dclare  that  their 
business  was  assassinated ;  and  ask 
Congress  to  reimburse  them  for  mil¬ 
lions  that  they  would  have  made  if 
permitted  to  continue  as  they  were  do¬ 
ing.  E.  G.  Lewis  ought  to  set  up  a 
correspondence  course  for  the  education 
of  these  crude  operators. 

In  June,  1910,  The  Circle  Pub.  Co.  in¬ 
vited  the  subscribers  to  their  magazine  to 
invest  in  the  stock  of  the  company.  By 
way  of  inducement  they  offered  three  shares 
of  common  with  each  10  shares  of  preferred 
stock  purchased.  The  bait  seemed  good. 

I  bit.  Not  having  received  my  certificate  I 
wrote  them  in  November  and  later  got  a 
reply  that  they  were  sorry  but  the  company 
failed  in  August.  Now  they  invite  the 
stockholders  to  send  more  money.  If  you 
have  the  time  I  wish  you  would  tell  us- 
if  it  is  worth  putting  in  15  per  cent  more 
on  the  old  investment.  e.  h.  b. 

New  York. 

The  proposition  contained  in  the  lit¬ 
erature  accompanying  the  above  is  that 
you  send  15  per  cent  of  the  original 
investment  for  new  stock  in  a  new 
company  and  you  will  get  extra  stock 
to  the  full  amount  of  your  first  pur¬ 
chase.  This  is  an  old  scheme.  It 
comes  up  almost  as  often  as  the  fail¬ 
ures.  It  is  based  on  the  knowledge  of 
human  nature  that  one  will  usually 
risk  good  money  to  recover  what  is  al¬ 
ready  lost.  In  the  first  place  any  con¬ 
cern  selling  stock  in  June  of  a  company 
that  failed  in  August  before  the  stock 
was  issued,  must  have  lied  to  make  the 
sale.  What  assurance  have  you  that 
they  will  not  lie  again  ?  The  old  stock 
is  not  worth  anything;  and  no  one  will 
give  you  anything  of  value  for  it.  If 
they  offer  you  other  stock  in  exchange 
for  it,  then  the  other  stock  is  without 
value.  What  they  really  do  is  to  offer 
you  stock  in  a  new  company  for  the 
new  money  you  send  them.  You  were 
stuck  on  their  game  once.  That  was 
their  fault.  If  they  stick  you  again,  it 
will  be  your  fault. 

It  gives  me  pleasure  to  inform  you  that 
I  think  your  paper  is  by  long  odds  the 
best  farmer’s  periodical,  and  I  doubt  that 
it  has  a  superior  in  any  form.  The  manner 
in  which  you  consider  the  interests  of  your 
subscribers,  in  reading  matter,  treatment 
of  queries,  exposure  of  frauds,  advertise¬ 
ments  accepted,  and  aid  given  in  collecting 
debts,  not  only  deserves  the  highest  com¬ 
mendation,  but  should  be  emulated  by  pub¬ 
lishers  generally.  May  your  growth  and 
influence  extend  until  it  reaches  the  farthest 
corners  of  our  land,  and  may  no  thought 
of  greater  emolument,  place  or  power  cause 
you  to  swerve  from  the  path  you  seem  to 
have  blazed.  r.  h.  j. 

Virginia. 

The  expression  of  sentiment  of  this 
kind  makes  us  feel  that  after  all  the 
work  is  not  in  vain.  Those  who  con¬ 
sider  the  publishing  business  simply  as 
a  money-making  business  would  never 
follow  the  lead  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  Sen¬ 
timent  and  ideals  come  high  in  the 
publishing  business  in  both  mental  and 
cash  balances ;  but  there  is  some  com¬ 
pensation  in  letters  like  the  above  and 
we  manage  to  keep  heads  over  water 
financially  besides.  j.  j.  d. 


stock. 

Daisy  Dairy  Feed 
Sterling  Chick  Feed 
Gregson’s  Calf  Meal 
Sterling  Stock  Feed 
Boss  (Horse)  Feed 
Sterling  Scratch  Feed, 

^ Feeds  that  never  disappoint. 

Try  them.  At  dealers.  If  yours  , 
can’t  supply  you,  write  us. 

The  Great  Western  Cereal  Co./ 

MAKERS  OF  QUALITY  FEEDS 

CHICAGO,  XXX. 


the  0rf 

loo/c 

KIND 


r^f  Y  GUARANTEED  TO 

■i  JL  I  KEEP  FLIES  AWAY 

This  Guaranteed  Fly 
Oil  will  Increase  your 
milk  output  10  to  20 
per  cent,  by  saving  cows 
energy  wasted  in  fighting 
flies  will  make  your  horses 
quiet  and  easy  to  manage 
by  stopping  irritating, 
strength  wasting,  fly  fighting. 

If  used  according  to  directions 
WE  ABSOLUTELY  GUARANTEE  NO-FLY 
to  keep  flies  away— not  to  blister — to  kill  lice 

anywhere— not  to#  iniure  animals  if  they  lick  it— will  not 
taint  milk.  Practical  farmers  everywhere  indorse  NO-FLY 
because  it  does  its  work. 

If  your  dealer  does  not  sell  NO-FLY,  s»nd  ns  bis  name 
tnd  $1.00  for  large  can  of  NO-FLY  and  Sprayer.  Honey 
refunded  if  it  doesn't  do  all  we  claim.  Active  men  wantad. 

W.  D.  CARPENTER  CO.,  Dept.  6  Syracuse,  N.  ¥. 


Bickmores 


Harness  and  Saddle  Galls 

Great  hot  weather  remedy  for  galls,  sore 
shoulders,  wire  cuts,  sores.  A  healing,  cur¬ 
ing  salve  in  use  18  years;  standard  remedy 
with  horsemen.  Cures  while  horse  works.  Sold 
by  dealers  ;  money  back  if  it  fails.  Send  5c 
(for  postage  and  packing)  and  get  sample 
and  84-page  valuable  horse  book. 

Blckmore  Call  Cure  Company 

Box  282  Old  Town,  Maine 


NEWTON’S  HEAVE 

COUCH,  DISTEMPER  I  IDE* 

AND  INDIGESTION  vURL 

The  firstor  second  $1.00  can  cures  Heaves.  The  third 
can  is  guaranteed  to  cure 


The  Standard  Veterinary  Remedy. 
Slakes  the  Horse  Strong  and  Willing  to  Work. 

CURES  HEAVES  BY  CORRECTING  THE  CAUSE 
which  Is  Indigestion.  Send  for  booklet  “Horse  Troub¬ 
les.'’  Explains  fully  about  the  Wind,  Throat,  Stomach 
and  Blood.  Newton’sissaf  ef  or  colt,  adultor  mare  in  foal 
A  GRAND  CONDITIONER  AND  WORM  EXPELLER 
#1.00  a  can  nt  dealers,  or  express  prepaid 
THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


You  Can’t  Cut  Out  ^thorough^Yim^ 


INE 


will  clean  them  off  permanently,  and  yon 
work  the  horse  same  timo.  Does  not 
blister  or  remove  the  hair.  $2.00  per 
bottle,  delivered.  Book  4  IE  free. 

ABSORBINE,  JR.,  liniment  for 
mankind,  reduces  Varicose  Veins.  Rup¬ 
tured  Muscles  or  Ligaments,  Enlarged 
Before  After  Glands,  Goitres,  Wens,  Cysts.  Allays 
pain  quickly.  Price  $1.00  and  $2.00  a  bot¬ 
tle  at  druggists  or  delivered.  Will  tell  you  more 
if  you  write.  Manufactured  only  by 

W.F. Young.  P.D.F.,  88  Temple  St., Springfield, Mass. 


EXCELSIOR  SWING  STANCHION 

Warranted  The  Best.  30  Days’  Trial 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  when  open 
Noiseless  Simple  Sanitary  Durable 

The  Wasson  Stanchion  Co., 
Box  60,  Cuba,  N-Y. 


MORE  MONEY 


GIVES 


MORE  SATISFACTION. 


NO  STOCK  CAN  THRIVE  IF  PESTERED 
WITH  LICE, TICKS. MITES,  FLEAS, 
SCAB, MANGE,  AND  OTHER  SKIN' 
DISEASES. 

TO  CLEAN  OUT  THESE 
PARASITES,  GUARD  AGAINSt 
CONTAGIOUS  DISEASES/ 
CLEANSE,  PURIFY,  AND  / 
DEODORIZE. USE 


Kreso 
Dip  NS1 


BETTER  THAN  OTHERS, BECAUSE. IT  IS 

STANDARDIZED, 

UNIFORM. DEPENDABLE.  EFFICIENT.  ONE 
GALLON  OF  KRESO  DIP  NO.I  MAKES  60 
TO  100  GALLONS  OF  SOLUTION(DEPENDING 
UPON  WHAT  USE  IS  TO  BE  MADE  OF  IT.) 

A  REAL  NECESSITY  ABOUT 
H0RSES.CATTLE, SHEEP, SWINE, 
DOGS,  GOATS  AND  POULTRY. 

FOR  SALE  BY  ALL  DRUGGISTS. 
WRITE  FOR  FREE  CIRCULARS.  ASK  FOR  LEAFLET 
DESCRIBING  A  NEW  CEMENT  HOG  WALLOW,  IF  YOU 
ARE  INTERESTED. 


.A  -V 


WJS- 


PARKE, DAVIS  8tC0j 

W  w  DEPARTMENT  OF  ANIMAL 
INDUSTRY. 

vdetroit,michJ 


AND  UP- 
WARD 


AMERICAN 

SEPARATOR 

This  Offer  Is  No  Catch! 


It  is  a  solid,  fair 
square  proposition  to 
furnish  a  brand  new,  well 
made  and  well  finished 
cream  separator  complete, 
subject  to  a  long  trial  and 
fully  guaranteed,  for 
S15.95.  It  skims  one  IIK  1 

quart  of  milk  perc^W  k 
minute,  warm  or  cold  -.j.  A* 

makes  heavy  or  light  creamuR*  -■Kj’?"'  *j 
and  does  it  just  as  well  as<*t  9  --I 

any  higher  priced  machine.  Designed  for  small 
dairies,  hotels,  restaurants  and  private 
families.  Different  from  this  picture,  which 
illustrates  our  large  capacity  machines.  Any 
boy  or  girl  can  run  it.  The  crank  is  only  5 
inches  long.  Just  think  of  that!  The  bowl  is 
a  sanitary  marvel,  easily  cleaned,  and  em¬ 
bodies  all  our  latest  improvements.  Gears  run 
in  anti-friction  bearings  and  are  thoroughly 
protected.  Before  you  decide  on  a  cream 
separator  of  any  capacity  whatever,  obtain  our 
$15.95  proposition.  Our  own  (the  manufac¬ 
turer’s)  twenty-year  guarantee  protects  you  on 
every  American  Separator.  We  ship  im¬ 
mediately.  Whether  your  dairy  is  large  or 
small,  write  us  and  obtain  our  handsome  free 
catalog.  Address, 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO.,  b.inbbid'S’eVy. 


COW  COMFORT 

Means  additional  profit.  Simplo 
durable,  easily  locked.  Fouler 
Steel  Stanchions  cannot  bo 
opened  by  the  cattle.  Top  and  bot¬ 
tom  chains  permit  freo  head  move¬ 
ment,  standing  or  lying  down,  yet 
keep  cattle  lined  up  and  clean. 
Write  for  new  booklet  showing 
model  stables. 

Foster  Steel  Stanchion  Co., 

906  Ins.  Bldg.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


f-ni|  fut  q*  p  IMPROVED 
UKUI’IDO  WARRINER 

STANCHION 


“  My  bam  that  was 

BURNED 

was  fitted  with  Crumb’s 
Warriner  Stanchions.  If  it 
had  not  been  for  the  ease  with 
which  these  fasteners  wero 
opened  I  should  have  lost  my 
cows,”  writes  Mr.  Everett 
Gains,  Bemardstown,  Mass. 

_  Booklet  Free. 

WAIiLACE  II.  CRUMB,  Box  M5,  Forestvllie,  Conn. 


ROBERTSON'S  OTIATN 
HANGING  STANCHIONS 

“I  have  used  them  for  more 
than  TWENTY  YE.4U9,  and  they 
have  given  the  very  beat  of  salis- 
faction  in  every  wav,”  writes 
Justus  II.  Cooley,  M.D.,  Plainfield 
Sanitarium,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

Thirty  da  vs*  trial  on  application 
O.  If.  IlOIJERTSOX 
Wash.  St.,  X'oreatville,  Conn. 


1911. 


THE  RURA1)  NEW-YORKER 


<160 


CONTENTS 

Tiie  Rural  New  Yorker,  June  3,  1911. 


FARM  TOriCS. 

The  Student  Labor  Problem....  G41,  G42 

Vetch  Will  Stay  Tut .  042 

Rock  Dust  as  Fertilizer .  G42 

A  Small  Summer  Silo .  G43 

Some  Facts  About  Potatoes .  643 

Uay  Damaged  by  Fire . G44 

“Farmer”  vs.  "Agriculturist” .  644 

Soil  Needs  Humus . .  .  G44 

Controlling  Cutworms .  644 

Draining  Side  Ilill . 644 

Alfalfa  in  Maine .  644 

Plowing  Under  Rye .  044 

Crop  Prospects .  G46 

Lime-Sulphur  for  Potatoes .  G47 

Carcasses  in  Fertilizer .  G47 

Seeding  Clover  on  a  Sod .  G47 

Smut  in  Corn .  647 

Hope  Farm  Notes .  G48 

Diary  of  Farm  Work .  651 

The  Millet  Crop .  651 


LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 


A  Good  Plymouth  Rock . 

Some  Remarkable  Dairy  Cows . 

What  Fure  Blood  Did . 

A  Commercial  Club  Helps  Farmers. . . . 
Connecticut  Sheep  Breeders  Active... 

Veteran  Mules . 

A  Problem  of  Cattle  Feeding . 

Hard  Hoofs . 

Lameness  . 

Necrobacillosis  . . . . . 

That  Hen  Contest . 

Selecting  the  Good  liens . 

Catching  That  Weasel . 

Eggs  Stick  to  Shells . 

Caring  for  Young  Turkeys . 

Milk  . 

The  Bellows  Milk  Case . 

Massachusetts  Milk  Prices . 

Milk  Rations  With  Brewers’  Grains. . 

HORTICULTURE. 


642 

642 

654 

654 

654 
G55 

655 
655 
655 

655 

656 
656 
656 
656 

656 

657 
657 
657 
657 


New  Berry  Culture,  Part  II .  642 

The  Cider  Trap  for  Codling  Moth....  643 

Spraying  During  the  Rain .  644 

Moles  in  Lawn  and  Hotbed .  644 

More  About  That  Apple  Deal .  645 

Failure  of  Plums .  646 

Damaged  Plum  Leaves ;  Early  Apple.  647 

The  Owens  Pecan .  649 

Nitrate  of  Soda  for  Lawn .  649 


Geraniums;  Begonias;  Wandering  Jew. 649 
WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 


From  Day  to  Day .  652 

Canning  Strawberries ;  Preserving  Ex¬ 
hibition  Fruits  . 652,  65.3 

Canning  Vegetables  .  653 

The  Rural  Patterns  . 653 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

Market  for  Carp . 644 

The  Connecticut  Fire  Kindling  Law..  645 

Building  a  Concrete  Fence .  646 

Cement  Vinegar  Tanks..-. .  646 

Destroying  Woodchucks  .  647 

Cinders  for  Concrete  ,Work .  648 

Editorials  .  650 

Other  People’s  Money .  651 

Events  of  the  Week .  651 

Products,  Prices  and  Trade .  655 

Publisher’s  Desk  . 658 


MARKETS 

Wholesale  at  New  Y’ork, 

Week  Ending  May  26,  1911. 


BUTTER 

Trade  has  been  good  the  past  week,  some 
sales  of  high  grade  stock  above  quotations 
being  noted.  Factory  and  packing  stock  is 
in  good  demand,  except  such  as  shows  ser¬ 
ious  hot  weather  defects. 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 22  ffl  .23 


Good  to  Choice . 19  @  .21 

Lower  Grades  . 15  @  .18 

State  Dairy,  best . 21  rd>  .22 

Common  to  Good . 14  ®  .18 

Factory . 14  ®  .16 

Packing  Stock . 12  ®  .15 


Elgin  111.  butter  market  firm  at  21  cents. 

Boston,  western  creamery,  22%  cents. 

Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  23  cents. 

CHEESE 

The  market  is  one-half  to  one  cent  lower 
on  reports  of  heavy  offerings  at  interior 
markets.  Grass  made  cheese  is  expected  in 
about  two  weeks. 


Full  Cream,  best.  Fall  made . 12  ®  .13 % 

Common  to  Good .  ..  .10  ®  .11 

New  Made . 09  <pj  .10% 

Skims . 02  @  .08 

EGGS 


Receipts  are  lighter  than  last  week,  but 
the  proportion  of  low  grades,  unlit  to  put 
Into  storage,  is  larger.  Market  on  fancy 


eggs  is  firm. 

White,  good  to  choice . 18  @  .21 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 17  @  .19 

Common  to  Good . 15  ®  .17 

Western,  best... . 17  ®  .19 

Under  grades . 12  ®  .15 


BEANS 


Business  is  light.  Red  Kidney 


and  very  firm. 

Marrow,  100  lbs . 3.26 

Medium . 3.00 

Pea .  3.00 

Yellow  Eye..... . .  .  3.50 

Red  Kidney . 6  25 

WhiteKidney . 5.00 

Lima,  California . 6.70 


scarce 

@  3.90 
ffl  3.70 
@  3.70 
ffl  3.60 
@  6.75 
©  5.10 
®  6.85 


HOPS 


Market  strong.  Good  weather  conditions 
and  some  advance  sales  are  reported  from 


the  Oregon  district. 

Prime  to  Choice . 30  @  .31 

Common  to  Good . 28  ®  .29 

Pacific  Coast . 23  @  .24 

German  Crop,  1910 . 50  @  .54 

CIDER  VINEGAR 

N.  Y.  prices  for  single  barrel  lots. 

Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 22  ®  .24 

Standard  Grade . 13  ®  .15 


DRIED  FRUITS 

Market  firm.  Some  bids  for  evaporated 
apples  for  Fall  delivery  on  basis  of  8  to 
8%  cents  are  noted. 


Apples,  evap.  prime . 13  ©  14 

Evap.,  com.  to  good . 06  ®  .12 

Chops . 07  ffl  .08 

Cores  and  Skins . 07  ffl  .07% 

Raspberries . 28  &  .31 

Cherries . 14  ©  .17 


FRESH  FRUITS 

Choice  Newtown  and  Winesap  apples  are 
meeting  a  good  demand.  Very  little  sale 
for  the  dry,  corky  varieties.  Peaches  scarce 
this  week,  some  having  sold  up  to  $4  per 
crate.  Strawberries  very  poor  and  small, 
selling  under  10  cents. 

Apples,  Russet,  bbl . 3.00  @  5.00 

Baldwin .  4.00  ©  5.50 

Ben  Davis . 3.50  ®  5.00 

Spy . 4.00  ©  0.00 


Western — 

Newtown,  box .  1.75  ®  2.75 

Rome,  box .  2.00  ©  2.75 

Black  Ben,  box .  2  00  ®  2.40 

Gano.  box  .  1.75  ©  2.25 

Strawberries,  Virginia,  qt . . 05  ©  .14 

Carolina . 04  ©  .12 

Eastern  Shore . 06  @  .16 

Peaches.  Fla.,  carrier .  1.50  ©  4.00 

Muskmekms,  Fla,,  crate . 2.00  ®  4.50 

Watermelons,  Fla.,  each . 15  ©  .4U 


VEGETABLES 

New  potatoes  in  very  heavy  supply  and 
market  weak.  Prime  old  stock  scarce.  As¬ 
paragus  running  small  and  lower ;  best  de¬ 


mand  is  for  green.  Onions  low.  String 
beans  arriving  in  bad  condition,  some  having 
been  seized  by  the  Board  of  Health. 

Potatoes— N.  Y.  State,  ISO  lbs .  1.25  <®  1.50 

Maine .  1 .35  ©  1.50 

Southern,  new,  No.  1,  bbl . 3.00  ©  6.00 

Southern,  new.  No.  2,  bbl .  7.00  @  3.00 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bkt .  1.00  @  2.00 

Asparagus,  Jersey,  green,  fey .  1 .25  ©  2.60 

Jersey,  white,  fey .  l.uo  @  1.50 

Long  Island,  white,  prime .  1.00  ©  1.25 

Penn.,  green,  choice .  1.25  <§>  2.50 

Culls . 40  ®  .75 

Beets,  new.  100  bunches . 2.00  ©  4.00 

Carrots,  bbl . 2.00  @  2.25 

Southern,  new.  100  bunches . 2.00  ®  3.00 

Cabbage— New.  Southern,  bbl .  1.00  ©  1.60 

Sweet  Corn,  Southern,  100. .  2.00  @  2.50 

Cucumbers.  Fla.  bu .  1.50  <56  2.00 

Lettuce,  %-bbi.  bkt . 25  <56  1.25 

Peppers,  Southern,  bu . 1.00  ®  1.25 

Horseradish,  100  lbs .  4.00  ©  6.00 

Okra,  Fla.  Carrier  .  2.00  @  3.00 

Onions,  Texas,  new,  crate . 50  ©  1.75 

Bermuda,  crate .  1.60  ©  1.65 

Peas,  Southern,  bu . 75  ©  3.00 

Radishes, 100  bunches . 35  ©  .75 

Rhubarb,  100  bunches . 50  ©  1.00 

Salsify,  100  bunches . 3.00  ®  4.00 

String  Beans,  bu . 50  @  2.50 

Spinach,  bbl .  .25  ©  .75 

Squash,  bbl .  1.50  ©  2.25 

New,  bu . 50  ©  1.00 

Turnips,  Rutabaga,  bbl..... . 2.00  @2.25 

White,  bbl .  1.00  ©2.00 

Leeks,  100  bunches .  1.50  ©  2.50 

Egg  Plants.  Fla.,  box .  1.00  ©  1.50 

Parsley  bbl .  1.00  ©  2.50 

Tomatoes,  Fla.  crate .  1.50  ©  3.25 

HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 
Mushrooms  scarce  and  poor.  Tomato 
market  steady. 

Cucumbers,  best,  doz . 60  ©  .65 

Common  to  good . 40  @  .50 

Mushrooms,  lb . 10  ffl  .50 

Tomatoes,  lb . 10  ffl  -20 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Market  dull  because  of  heavy  receipts  and 
slow  demand. 

Chickens,  Broilers,  lb . 22  @  .27 

Fowls . 13  ©  .14 

Roosters . 07  @  .08 

Ducks . 11  ®  .12 

Geese . 08  ffl  .09 

Turkeys . 11  ©  .12 


DRESSED  POULTRY— Fresh  Killed 
Choice  grades  of  heavy  fowls  firm.  Mar¬ 
ket  dull  on  practically  everything  else,  and 
considerable  stock  arriving  damaged  by  heat. 


Turkeys,  best . 15  ©  .16 

Common  to  Good . 13  @  .14 

Chickens,  fancy  broilers,  lb .  35  ©  .40 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 25  ffl  .30 

Fowls .  14  @  .15 

Squabs,  doz .  1.75  ®  3.76 

DRESSED  POULTRY-FROZEN 

Turkeys,  best . 22  ©  .23 

Chickens,  milk-fed  broilers  .  .22  ©  215 

Corn- fed  broilers . 18  @  .22 

Milk-fed  roasters . 17  ©  .18% 

Corn-fed  roasters . 15  ®  .16% 

Fowls . . .  .12  ©  .15 

Ducks,  best .  .14  ®  .15 

Common  to  good . 12  ®  .13 

Geese . 07  ®  .11 


HAY  AND  STRAW 

Hay  market  very  firm ;  some  improvement 
in  prices  of  the  lower  grades  is  noted.  Straw 
firm  and  higher. 

Hay,  No.  1,  ton . 30.00  @  31.00 


No.  2 . 25.00  @  28.00 

No.  3 . 21.00  ©  23.00 

Clover  Mixed . 18.00  @  25  00 

Clover . 16.00  ©  20.00 

Straw,  Rye . 13.00  ®  14.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 8.00  ©  10.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 5.85  @  6.35 

Bulls . 3.50  ffl  5.15 

Cows .  2  00  @  4.75 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 5.00  ®  7.50 

Cutis  . 4.00  ©  4.50 

Sheep,  100  lbs .  3.75  ®  4.50 

Lambs .  5.00  ©  7.00 

Hogs . 6.00  @7.00 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring . 1.07  @  ... 

No.  2,  Red . 96  ©  ... 

No.  1  Macaroni . .97  @  ... 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 53  ©  .59 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 35  @  .40 

MILL  FEED 

Spring  Bran,  ton .  25.50  ®  26.00 

Standard  Middlings . 271)0  ®  28D0 

Red  Dog .  28.00  @  29.00 

Hominy  Chop .  22.50  ©  23.00 

Linseed  Meal .  33.00  @  34.00 

Corn  Meal .  23.00  ©  24.00 


COTTON 


New  York,  Middling  Upland .  15.90 

Middling  Gulf .  16.15 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  15.15 

Good  Middling .  16.05 

WOOL 

NewYork Fleeces,  Delaine, unwashed. .  .22  @  .23 

Ohio  half  blood  combing . 24  ©  .25 

Kentucky,  three-fourths  blood . 23  ©  .23% 

Michigan,  half  blood .  .23  @  .24 

TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadleaf-filler .  .08  @  .10 

Fine  wrappers  . . 60  @  .75 

N.  Y.  State  Fillers . 05  @  .06 

Fine  and  Selections . 12  ©  .16 

Ohio.  Zimmer's  Spanish . 19  @  .20 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . .07  @  .09 

Dark  Leaf . 10  ©  .20 

Bright  Cutters . 12  ®  .30 

Penn,  broad  leaf  fillers . 10  @  .12 


Indigestion. 

1  have  a  cow  that  does  not  act  right ; 
will  stick  up  her  head  with  her  nose  point¬ 
ing  straight  up,  shake  the  head  and  lay  it 
round  on  the  side  and  even  clear  upon 
her  back,  then  refuses  to  eat;  will  lie  down 
and  get  up  often,  but  has  not  missed  more 
than  one  or  two  feeds  at  a  time.  w.  h.  s. 

Pennsylvania. 

The  peculiar  actions  described  are  dne  to 
distress  from  indigestion.  Give  her  a 
pound  of  Epsom  salts  and  half  an  ounce 
of  ground  ginger  root  in  three  pints  of 
warm  water,  well  sweetened  with  black 
strap  molasses,  each  time  she  has  an  at¬ 
tack.  More  care  will  have  to  be  taken  to 
feed  digestible  foods.  a.  s.  a. 


Lampas. 

What  can  I  do  for  a  bad  case  of  lampas? 
The  colt  is  four  years  old.  n.  F.  m. 

Mississippi. 

Allow  the  colt  a  few  ears  of  old  hard 
corn  to  chew  on  daily.  Have  milk  teeth 
crowns  of  molar  teeth  removed  by  a  veter¬ 
inary  dentist  and  it  may  also  be  necessary 
to  lance  gums  over  cutting  tusks  and 
incisors.  Do  not  cut  or  burn  the  swollen 
palate.  Lampas  is  not  a  disease,  but  merely 
an  inflamed  and  swollen  condition  of  the 
palate  occasioned  by  teething  irritation.  ! 
Swab  mouth  two  or  three  times  a  day  with 
a  solution  of  a  tablospoonful  of  borax  in  a 
quart  of  cold  water,  if  Tery  sore.  a.  s.  a. 

Pig  with  Cough. 

I  have  two  pigs,  19  weeks  old.  One  of 
them  has  a  croupy  cough;  he  eats  and  ex¬ 
ercises  well  and  seems  in  good  health 
otherwise.  He  lias  plenty  of  room  for  ex- 
erchie.  I  feed  stale  bread  and  soar  milk  oc¬ 
casionally  and  they  grow  fast.  They  are 
Berkshire  pigs.  What  can  I  do  for  him? 

New  York.  j.  w.  L. 

See  that  the  bedding  is  free  from  dust 
and  keep  the  pigs  from  sleeping  in  a  damp 
bed.  Cough  is  merely  a  symptom  of  Irri¬ 
tation  and  may  be  due  to  anyone  of  a 
large  number  of  different  causes,  so  that 
we  can  scarcely  he  expected  to  guess  at 
the  exact  cause  without  making  an  exami¬ 
nation.  If  cough  persists  f'-ed  on  slop  of 
milk  and  middlings  and  avoid  any  coarser 
irritating  food.  a.  s.  a. 

Weak  Sow. 

My  sow  had  20  pigs,  has  11  living  and 
doing  nicely.  They  are  two  weeks  old.  The 
sow  has  attacks  when  she  trembles  and 
shakes  and  then  falls  down  on  her  side 
and  trembles  like  a  leaf  ;  it  lasts  about  15 
minutes.  She  does  not  have  the  appetite 
she  ought  to  have.  She  is  three  years  old. 
Please  tell  me  what  to  do  and  what  to  give 
her.  s.  d.  k. 

New  York. 

Tampered  sows,  or  those  from,  pampered 
parents  and  fed  corn  without  much  exercise, 
or  any  rich  food  without  sufficient  exercise 
to  keep  them  muscular  are  prone  to  this 
nervous  disorder  when  worried  by  nursing 
of  pigs.  Sometimes  the  sow  goes  down 
paralyzed,  as  in  rickets ;  but  ‘‘parturient 
eclampsia”  is  the  term  applied  to  this  con¬ 
dition  in  nursing  animals.  Better  wean  the 
pigs  at  once  and  turn  the  sow  out  for 
abundant  daily  exercise  on  grass.  Feed  light 
slop  of  milk  and  middlings,  adding  lime- 
water  freely.  Also  allow  green  food  or 
roots,  or  some  nice  saved  silage  to  regulate 
her  bowels.  a-,  s.  a. 

Dishorning  Cows. 


Will  you  inform  me  what  to  apply  to 
horns  of  cows  after  they  are  cut  off,  and 
also  the  simplest  way  of  doing  it?  Can 
cows  be  dishorned  that  are  In  calf? 

Long  Island.  M.  F.  l. 


The  simplest  or  most  humane  way  is  to 
prevent  horn  formation  by  applying  caustic 
potash  to  the  dampened  skin  over  the  horn 
buttons  on  the  little  calf’s  head.  Dishorn¬ 
ing  of  adult  cows  causes  considerable  pain, 
and  the  operation  should  be  avoided  where 
possible.  The  horns  are  removed  by  dis¬ 
horning  shears  or  a  special  saw  applied 
close  down  to  the  skin.  If  bleeding  is  ex¬ 
cessive  apply  Monsell’s  solution  of  iron  or 
Monsell’s  powder.  If  blood  continues  to 
spout  out  the  artery  should  be  picked  up 
and  tied,  or  bleeding  may  be  stopped  by 
the  light  application  of  a  red  hot  iron.  As 
a  general  application  it  is  common  to  usa 
pine  tar,  or  a  mixture  of  pine  tar  and  coal 
tar  dip.  Cows  well  along  in  calf  should  not 
be  dishorned.  a.  s.  a. 


A  government  bulletin  gives  the  following 
areas  of  unoccupied  swanip  lands  now  in  the 
Eastern  States : 


New  Y'ork  .  . . . 
Connecticut  . . . 
Massachusetts  . 

Vermont . 

Rhode  Island  . 

I  tela  ware  . 

Maine  . 

New  Hampshire 
New  Jersey  . .  . 


529,100  acres 
30,000  acres 
59.500  acres 
23,000  acres 
8,004  acres 
127,200  acres 
156,520  acres 
12,700  acres 
326,400  acres 


Much  of  this  land  is  naturally  as  rich 
as  any  to  be  found  in  the  country.  If  it 
could  be  drained,  aired  and  limed  it  would 
he  as  productive  as  the  richest  virgin  soil 
of  the  West.  There  are  more  of  thes«  East¬ 
ern  swamp  lands  than  there  are  arid  lands 
in  the  West.  The  Federal  government  will 
be  asked  to  authorize  a  bond  issue  for  re¬ 
claiming  these  swamps — which  embrace  all 
told  some  79.000,000  acres.  There  is  no 
reason  why  these  swamp  lands  are  not  as 
useful  to  society  both  as  homes  and  for 
food  production  as  the  dry  lands  of  the 
West.  As  we  have  often  pointed  out  the 
Canadians  have  the  advantage  of  our  far¬ 
mers  in  the  fact  that  they  can  obtain  direct 
drainage  loans  from  the  government. 


25  YEARS 

BUILDING  AND  SELLING 

“LOW-DOWN”  MILK  WAGONS 


Gives  us  in 
this  line  a 


j  KNOW-HOW  j  which  others 
J  _________  l  <lo  not  possess- 


Hence  the  value  of  a 

PARSONS  “LOW-DOWN”  WAGON 


Dairy 

Department 


The  Parsons  Wagon  Co. 

Earlville,  N.  Y. 


OUR  GUARANTY 

T,  ,  EU;l  rant eo  that  the 

PAIEC^  will  cut  and  elevate 
more  silage  than  any  other 
cutter,  same  power  being 
used,  and  that  It  will  elevate 
(silage  no  feet  with  less  power 
_>than  any  other  cutter. 

P  A  PFf1  pneumatic 

*  ,  ,  ENSILAGE  CUTTER 

Always  ready  for  business;  easy  to  set 
up  and  operate:  never  clogs.  Durably 
built— no  wood  to  twist  and  warp.  Write 
for  new  book,  “How  to  Prepare  Ensilage” 
~ 11  s  FREE.  Agents  wanted  in  several 
localities,  attractive  proposition. 

2o  Distributing  Points  in  U  S 
PAPEC  MACHINE  CO. 

Box  10  Shortsville,  N.  Y 


GREEN  MOUNTAIN  SILOS 

Write  TODAY  for  Booklet  to 
CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MANUFACTURING  CO- 
338  West  St.,  Rutland.  Vt. 


SP  WHITE  LEGHORNS,  Barred  Plymouth  Bocks, 
■  VI  Mammoth  White  Pekin  Ducks.  Stock, 
hatchingeggs, chicks,  ducklings.  Circular.  Est.  UK  14 
Abovo  Poultry  Farm.  Chatham,  Morris  Co.  N.  J. 


S.  C.  White  Leghorn  BABY  CHICKS 

(’hicks  that  make  good.  High  class  utility  stock. 
Prompt  delivery.  810  per  100.  Circular.  Van  Chest 
Poultry  Farm,  Salt  Point,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y. 

COLORADO  FARM  VALUES  GAIN  300% 

Thirty  per  cent  every  year,  300  per  cent  in  ton 
years,  is  the  gain  in  valne  of  Colorado  farm  lands 
just  reported  by  the  United  States  census.  In  the 
next  ten  years,  with  fnrther  extension  of  irrigation 
there  will  lie  a  still  greater  gain.  Colorado  farms 
often  pay  for  themselves  in  two  or  three  years,  and 
sometimes  in  ono.  Double  crops  and  high-priced 
markets.  Sunshine  and  health-restoring  climate. 
Thirty  thousand  more  farmers  can  build  substan¬ 
tial  bank  accounts  while  supplying  the  dairy,  hog 
and  poultry  products  now  consumed  annually  in 
this  State.  Write  us  for  official  information 
COLORADO  STATFT  BOARD  OF  IM .MIGRA¬ 
TION,  314  State  House,  Denver,  Colorado. 


STOCK  AND  TOOLS  INCLUDED 

For  Sale— Farm  of  152  Acres;  eight-room  house; 
basement  barn,  40  by  50.  with  concrete  floor  for 
eows;  machine  barn,  20  by  30;  hen  house  and  hog 
house;  good  orchard;  17  head  of  cattle;  chickens; 
wagon:  narrow;  25  cords  of  wood;  potatoes.  All 
for  $3,500  during  month  of  June  only.  Terms:  81,500 
cash,  balance  mortgage  at  five  percent.  Abstract  of 
title  will  he  furnished.  HALL’S  FARM  AGENCY, 
Owkgo,  Tioga  County,  New  York. 


prices.  Send  for  free  catalogue. 

NORTHERN  REALTY  CO..  Syracuse,  N,  Y. 


FARM  FOR  SALE— Ideal  place  for  city  party  wanting 
Summer  Home  for  family.  Write  for  particu¬ 
lars.  No  postals.  BOX  93,  Oak  -  Hill,  N.  Y. 


DO  YOU  NEED  FARM  HELP? 

The  Jewish  Agricultural  and  Industrial  Aid 
Society  has  on  its  lists  men  wishing  to  obtain  em¬ 
ployment  upon  farms.  Most  of  them  are  without 
experience,  but  they  are  able-bodied  and  willing 
to  work.  They  speak  little  or  no  English,  a!  chough 
many  of  them  speak  German.  If  you  can  make 
use  of  such  help,  please  communicate  with  us, 
stating  what  you  will  pay,  whether  the  work  is 
permanent,  and  whether  you  prefer  a  single  or  a 
married  man.  We  are  a  philanthropic  organiza¬ 
tion,  whose  object  it  is  to  assist  and  encourage 
Jews  to  become  farmers.  We  charge  no  commis¬ 
sion  to  employer  or  employee.  Address 
THE  J.  A.  &  I.  A.  S.,  174  Second  Avenue,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


ICn  Cnvmn  FOR  SALE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
»wU  I  U I  til O  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horace  G.  Reeder,,  Newtown,  Pa. 


DnitAPn  specially  prepared  scratch  food 
rUIVHUU  which  will  positively  prevent  diarr¬ 
hoea  among  chicks.  2-bu.  bag  $2.00.  Circular  free. 

POKACO  CHICK  FOOD  CO., 

15  Gansevoort  St,,  -  New  York,  N.  Y. 


[Ill RAP.  PIGS.  $6  and  $7  each.  Pedigreed.  Angora 
UUIIUU  Kittens.  Serene  Wickes,  De  Graff,  O. 


FOR  SALE 

Two  Choice  Thoroughbred  Guernsey  Bulls 

Ready  for  service.  Price,  $50  and  875  each. 

ORCHARD  FARM  ....  Lisbon,  N.  Y. 


YOUNG  MEN  WANTED  to  learn 
VETERINARY  profession.  Catalogue 
free.  Grand  Rapids  Veterinary 
College,  Dep.15,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


I  DI-EASE  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com- 
r  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter, 
Eggs,  Poultry .  Pork,  Calves,  Hay,  Grain,  Beans, 

Apples,  etc.  E.  B.  WOODWARD,  sue  Greenwich  St.,  N.V. 


Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELtlfFE,  WRIGHT  8  CO.,  Com 
mission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York. 


Boston  Produce  Go. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.,  -  Boston. 


WE  SELL  FARMS  in  Oceana,  best  County  in  U.  S. 

Fruit,  Alfalfa,  Grain, Vegetables,  Stock,  Poul¬ 
try.  J.  D.  S.  HANSON  &  SON,  Hart,  Mich. 


NEW  SELLING  PLAN 


Big  snap  for  agents.  Over 
2,000  guaranteed  fast-selling; 
articles.  Work  pleasant  ancf 
easy.  No  experience  needed. 
We  teach  you  Free.  Earle 
Whitd(age21)  made $32.98 first 
week.  Never  sold  goods  be¬ 
fore.  Make  big  profits  in  your 
spare  time.  Sam  pies  fur¬ 
nished  workers  Liberal 
credit  terms. 

THE  MOST  STARTLING  OFFER  EVER  MADE 


Hlb  $I,UUU  MAXWcLL  AulUMUBiLt 

This  handsome,  new  1911  five  FBFF 

■  passenger  autpmobile  given  *-  1  ,,tL 

free  to  agent  selling 
!  most  goods.  2nd 
prize  $400  piano. 

,  300  prizes  in  all. 

I  In  case  of  a  tie.... 
equal  prizes  giv-|v 
en.  Write  at  once. 


Make  big  money'' 
(hi 


—  and  win  thisauto  , 

McLEAN,  BLACK  &  CO.,  100  Doty  BWg.,  Boston,  Man. 


660 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


June  3,  1911. 


*  VJltCXI  a>  an(j  part 

of  the  running  gcT!.’«»  5  be  made 
of  triple  A  grade  Straight 
Grained  Split  Hickory — the  . 

same  grade  exactly  as  / 

this  spoke  which  I  send  yffijr 

\  unpainted  as  a  sample  Mr 

\  of  the  material  used  Mr 
with  every  Buggy  AIM 
fjk  I  ship. 


_  *~o 

flim  vn  v 


Manufacturer  of  Trade-Marked 
Split.Hickory  Vehicles 


s  Has  a  Big  Book 

Waiting  For  You 


r T’S  ALL  wrapped  and  ready 
waiting  for  your  name  and 
address.  Don’t  you  want  to 
write  a  postal  and  get  it?  It’s  the 
biggest  book  of  buggy  information 
ever  published.  Phelps,  the  practical 
buggy  maker,  wrote  the  book  himself. 
It  shows  you  with  big  photographs  a 
buggy  torn  to  pieces  to  show  all 
the  important  points — just  how  a 
buggy  should  be  made — what  it 
should  be  made  of — and  Phelps 
knows. 

Let  Phelps  show  you  the  real 
Split  Hickory  under  the  paint  and 
varnish.  He  sends  an  unpainted 
sample  spoke  with  every  buggy 
he  sells — and  he  guarantees  every 
wheel  to  be  made  of  the  same 

straight  grained  second  growth  Shellbark 
Hickory  as  the  sample  spoke. 

He  also  guarantees  to  use  the  same 
grade  of  material  in  the  construction  of  all 
running  gears  and  other  woodwork  on  his 
celebrated  Split  Hickory  Vehicles. 

Split  Hickory 
V  ehicles 

30  Days'  Free  Road  Test — 

2  Years'  Guarantee 


FREE 

He  Pays  the  Postage 

Just  Send  Y our  Name 

* 

on  a  Postal  Now 


Or  No 
Sale 


Prices  $25  to  $75  Saved 

Don’t  get  Split  Hickory  Vehicles  mixed  up  with  any  other  buggies  made — They’re  entirely  different.  Higher  grade,  better 
style,  better  trimmed,  better  painted,  longer  lived,  easier  running — that’s  because  they’re  made  to  order,  just  as  you  want  them, 
when  you  want  them.  Why  buy  a  common  buggy  and  pay  more  money  for  it? 


Phelps  has  the  confidence  of  140,000  farmer  customers.  He  will 
get  your  confidence  if  you’ll  give  him  a  chance.  This  big  buggy  book 
for  1911  shows  125  styles  to  choose  from.  More  buggies  than  you 
could  see  in  ten  big  towns,  or  25  dealers  stores.  Why  not  send  for  this 
free  book?  Take  a  walk  with  Phelps  through  the  biggest  buggy  fac-v 
tories  of  its  kind  in  the  world — let  him  tell  you  all  about  his  buggies, 


and  show  you  how,  by  his  direct  method,  he  can  save  you  big  money, 
and  give  you  a  better  vehicle.  Many  styles — Auto  seat  buggies,  Phae¬ 
tons,"  Surreys,  Runabouts  and  a  full  line  of  harness  are  fully  illustrated 
and  described.  To  get  tne  book,  just  address  a  postal:  “Phelps,  I  want 
the  book”  to  H.  C.  Phelps,  President. 


The  Ohio  Carriage  Manufacturing  Co. 


Station  290, 

Largest  Factory  in  the  World  Selling  Vehicles  Direct  to  Consumer. 


COLUMBUS,  OHIO 


Here’s  a  picture  of  Phelps  and  sev¬ 
eral  workmen  testing  one  of  the  wheels 
that  go  on  a  Split  Hickory  Vehicle. 
Phelps  puts  the  strongest  guarantee  on 
his  wheels  that  was  ever  placed  on  the 
wheels  of  any  buggy  made.  That’s  be¬ 
cause  he  uses  the  right  material  and  the 
right  kind  of  workmen  make  them  up. 


Here’s  a  picture  of  Phelps  testing  the 
shafts.  This  picture  doesn’t  need  any 
explanation  as  you  know  how  often  the 
shafts  break  on  ordinary  buggies,  and 
this  proves  the  strength  of  the  ones  used 
on  Split  Hickory  Vehicles.  Be  sure  that 
the  shafts  of  your  buggyare  good.because 
more  accidents  are  caused  by  broken 
shafts  than  by  most  anything  else. 


Here’s  a  picture  of  Phelps  and  a 
friend  of  his  in  a  Split  Hickory  Auto  Seat 
Buggy.  This  simply  shows  how  much 
leg  room  and  seat  room  there  is.  Here 
are  two  big  men  comfortably  seated  and 
plenty  of  leg  room  you  can  easily  see. 
That  counts  a  lot  on  a  long  drive,  you 
know  that.  Read  all  about  this  in  Phelps 
own  book  of  1911,  sent  free,  to  you  if  you 
write  postal  now. 


Phelps  is  pointing  here  to  the  full  rear 
circle  front  wheel  which  he  guarantees  for 
life.  He  tells  all  about  this,  too,  in  1911 
Buggy  Book,  and  it  is  worthwhile  for  you 
to  read  this.  Don’t  overlook  this  point 
in  buying  any  buggy.  Fifth  wheel  is  a 
mighty  important  part  and  Phelps  makes 
it  mighty  strong  in  his  Split  Hickory 
Vehicle.  The  Book  tells  you  all  about  it. 


V 


iTirriv 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4102. 


NEW  YORK,  JUNE  10,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR 


DEVELOPMENT  OF  APPLE  GROWING. 
Virginia  Coming  to  the  Front. 

During  the  past  few  years  Virginia  apple  growers 
have  made  rapid  advancement.  Not  only  have  these 
growers  learned  how  to  produce  good  fruit,  but  they 
are  also  learning  how  to  cooperate  and  get  together 
for  selling.  A  leading  fruit  man  from  the  Pacific 
coast  told  us  recently  that  Western  men  considered 
the  Virginia  growers  most  likely  to  get  together  for 
cooperative  work.  Some  of  the  Virginia  apple 
orchards  are  conducted  on  a  large  scale.  The  picture 
here  shown  is  of  an  orchard  in  Albemarle  Co.  Mr. 
J.  J.  Boaz  thus  describes  it : 

The  picture,  Fig.  231,  shows  my  three  gasoline 
power  sprayers,  spraying  for  the  Codling  moth  in  my 


barrels  this  Fall.  We  are  now  suffering  from  a 
severe  drought ;  have  not  had  any  rain  to  amount  to 
anything  in  this  month  (May  19).  But  most  of  my 
orchards  have  been  well  disked  and  planted  in  peas 
and  have  not  suffered  much  from  drought. 

Albemarle  Co.,  Va.  j.  j.  boaz. 

SPRAYING  BY  GRAVITY. 

Not  long  since  I  was  looking  over  a  large  apple 
orchard  of  some  500  acres  in  Patrick  County,  Vir¬ 
ginia.  The  trees  were  young  and  just  beginning  to 
bear,  and  spraying  for  Codling  moth  has  become 
necessary.  The  location  is  at  the  foot  of  a  spur  of 
the  Blue  Ridge,  and  the  land  is  rolling  but  not  steep, 
except  in  a  few  places.  There  are  numerous  springs 
and  brooks  flowing  from  them.  One  of  these  brooks 


is  so  much  fall  to  the  lower  parts  of  the  orchard 
that  the  hydraulic  pressure  will  be  tremendous,  but  it 
can  be  controlled.  Experience  will  soon  teach  the 
operators  how  to  do  this,  and  how  to  regulate  the 
supply.  A  home  telephone  service  can  be  installed 
to  serve  in  case  of  need  to  communicate  between  the 
different  places.  When  the  spraying  is  done  the  pipes 
can  be  cleaned  out  by  turning  on  pure  water.  There 
might  be  some  danger  of  poisoning  from  the  spray 
mixtures,  in  case  the  water  was  drank  before  the 
pipes  had  been  well  cleansed.  Plowever,  there  are  so 
many  springs  on  the  property  that  it  would  not  be 
difficult  to  use  them  entirely  for  drinking  purposes. 

I  do  not  claim  that  this  idea  is  original  only  with 
me,  for  since  I  have  seen  this  orchard  and  talked 
about  the  great  opportunity  for  spraying  by  gravity 


.  i 

m 7-  •  .  V  — 

SPRAYING  FOR  CODLING  WORM  IN  A  VIRGINIA  ORCFIARD— HOMEMADE  WATER  TANK.  Fig.  231. 


20-year-old  Albemarle  Pippin  orchard.  You  will  also 
see  a  homemade  tank,  made  out  of  20  locust  posts, 
eight  inches  in  diameter,  mortised  together,  eight  feet 
eight  inches  long ;  16  feet  of  two-inch  chestnut  plank 
spiked  on  the  inside  of  these  posts.  The  inside 
measure  of  this  tank  is  15  feet  long,  eight  feet  wide, 
and  six  feet  deep.  It  holds  8,000  gallons  of  water, 
and  is  filled  by  a  mountain  spring  by  gravity.  The 
spray  tanks  are  filled  from  this  tank  by  plug  in  bottom 
and  with  lj^-inch  rubber  hose  attached.  A  200-gallon 
spray  tank  is  filled  in  five  minutes.  I  have  four  of 
these  tanks  in  my  orchards.  They  cost  me  about  $30 
cash.  They  have  doubly  paid  for  themselves  in  one 
season.  I  used  tons  of  sulphur  and  the  same 
quantity  of  lime  in  my  Winter  spray,  in  spraying  my 
orchards  of  14,000  trees.  I  believe  in  the  home-boiled, 
using  20  pounds  sulphur,  20  pounds  lime  to  the  50 
gallons  of  water.  I  have  prospects  for  the  largest 
crop  of  apples  I  ever  had.  I  am  counting  on  10,000 


that  rises  in  the  mountain  spur  and  above  the  highest 
part  of  the  orchard,  has  been  utilized  by  building  a 
reservoir  near  its  source  and  laying  a  very  complete 
system  of  pipes  from  it  to  every  part  of  the  tract. 
There  are  over  five  miles  of  piping,  and  there  are 
spigots  every  2000  feet,  where  water  can  be  drawn. 
This  was  intended  for  use  in  case  of  severe  droughts, 
and  for  spraying  or  any  other  use  for  which  water 
may  be  needed. 

This  water  system  led  me  to  a  new  thought,  for 
the  source  is  so  high  that  there  is  a  good  pressure  all 
over  the  orchard.  It  seems  to  be  perfectly  adapted 
to  use  for  spraying  the  trees  without  the  need  of 
machinery  of  any  kind.  All  that  is  needed  is  to  haul 
the  chemicals  to  the  reservoir,  where  the  necessary 
arrangements  can  be  easily  made  for  preparing  the 
mixtures  with  the  water  at  command  and  at  the  proper 
times  turn  them  into  the  pipes.  With  a  hose  100  feet 
long  every  tree  can  be  reached  from  the  spigots.  There 


power  I  have  heard  of  another  such  plant  that  has 
brought  about  the  same  idea,  and  there  may  be  still 
others.  But  I  have  never  heard  of  any  spraying  hav¬ 
ing  been  done  by  gravity  power  directly  from  the 
source  of  the  water  supply.  I  think  it  will  be  entirely 
practical,  and  certainly  very  cheap  where  there  is  suffi¬ 
cient  fall  and  a  constant  and  abundant  water  supply. 
It  would  solve  the  spraying  problem  on  very,  steep 
land,  where  machines  cannot  be  easily  used. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 

HOW  TO  HANDLE  LOT  MANURE. 

In  answer  to  W.  E.  D.’s  inquiry  on  page  602,  would 
say  that  we  here  are  confronted  with  the  same  manure 
conditions  as  stated  by  him,  viz.,  soft  wet  land  in 
early  Spring,  or  by  the  time  the  land  is  dry  enough 
grass  is  too  large  to  apply  to  meadows,  which  is  also 
the  only  available  place  to  apply.  This  year  I  am 
trying  out  the  following  plan :  Draw  out  all  manure 


602 


June  10, 


in  early  Spring  as  long  as  the  land  is  fr.ozen,  then 
let  it  accumulate  in  piles,  or  in  the  open  feed  yard  as 
well,  until  about  June  t,  then  draw  on  one  large  pile. 
The  handling  of  this  manure  (and  the  more  handling 
the  better)  will  make  it  fine  and  assist  capillary  at¬ 
traction  of  moisture,  or  better  still,  occasionally  appiy 
water  to  top  of  pile,  (not  enough  to  cause  leaching) 
to  prevent  drying  out  and  firefang.  Manure  kept  in 
this  way  will  not  lose  much  of  its  constituents  as 
compared  with  when  applying  to  “large  grass”  lands 
for  the  constituents  of  the  manure  when  fresh  are 
not  taken  by  the  grass  and  it  then  lies  exposed  to  the 
weather,  while  the  grass  docs  not  derive  much  benefit 
the  first  year.  It  will  also  be  found  that  the  constitu¬ 
ents  of  the  manure  kept  in  such  a  manner  as  described 
will  be  in  a  very  available  form  as  plant  food.  As 
soon  as  haying  is  finished,  apply  to  meadows  with 
spreader,  and  if  weather  conditions  are  right,  and  the 
chances  are  that  they  will  be,  you  will  be  assured 
of  a  good  second  crop  of  hay  or  a  bumper  crop  the 
following  year,  or  it  can  be  applied  to  wheat  stubble 
to  benefit  the  young  clover  the  following  year. 

Eden,  N.  Y.  a.  d.  b. 


THE  STUDENT  LABOR  PROBLEM. 

A  Statement  From  Dr.  L.  H.  Bailey. 

Part  III. 

AN  APPEAL  TO  THE  FARMERS  OF  NEW 
YORK. — This  Spring  we  have  issued  a  letter  to  596 
selected  farmers  in  New  York  State  asking  their 
cooperation  in  work  of  this  kind.  Out  of  this  number 
less  than  25  farmers  liave  replied,  possibly  because  the 
letter  itself  was  not  sufficiently  explicit.  We,  havQ 
great  difficulty  in  finding  suitable  farms  on  which 
we  can  place  students.  Some  of  these  students  desire 
to  earn  money  to  help  themselves  through  college, 
and  some  of  them  desire  experience  of  farm  life. 
Our  experience  with  farmers  indicates  that  they  do 
not  want  students  chiefly  because  they  fear  that 
students  will  not  make  good  hired  men,  and  will  not 
do  as  much  work  as  other  laborers.  I  know  that 
students  have  not  always  fulfilled  what  was  expected 
of  them,  and  some  of  them  may  not  have  deserved 
much  help;  but,  on  the  other  hand,  some  of  our 
earnest  students  complain  of  the  treatment  they  have 
received  from  farmers.  My  contention  is  that  we 
need  a  new  point  of  view  on  the  part  of  farmers  as 
well  as  on  the  part  of  students  and  others.  A  good 
number  of  farmers  in  the  State  have  taken  students 
year  after  year  and  have  found  the  experience  on  the 
whole  to  be  valuable  and  helpful  to  themselves;  and 
the  students  are  fully  appreciative  of  the  help  they 
have  received.  One  farmer  writes,  “We  have  had 
student  helpers  for  seven  Summers  and  they  were  a 
source  of  joy  to  ns.”  It  is  alwaj’S  an  advantage  to  a 
farm  family  to  have  a  bright  energetic  young  man 
in  the  home  for  a  time,  bringing  in  a  different  set  of 
ideas  and  a  different  point  of  view  on  life. 

Following  is  the  greater  part  of  the  letter  that  we 
sent. 

We  are  addressing  to  you  our  third  annual  letter  con¬ 
cerning  student  help  tor  Summer  work.  The  State  College 
of  Agriculture  wishes  to  maintain  a  permanent  list  of  the 
best  managed  farms  in  the  State  manned  by  fair-dealing 
men,  where  we  can  place  young  men  who  want  experience 
and  who  at  the  same  time  need  to  earn  something  to  apply 
on  their  college  expenses.  We  believe  these  students  to  be 
strong,  rugged  fellows,  ready  to  work.  They  are  not  work¬ 
ing  at  agriculture  because  they  cannot  find  something  else 
to  do,  but  because  they  intend  to  make  farming  their  life 
work.  They  will  expect  to  be  paid  what  they  are  actually 
worth.  Farmers  who  permit  their  names  to  appear  on  our 
lists  will  not  be  obliged  to  'cake  men.  but  will  be  giTen  the 
opportunity  to  do  so :  it  is  assumed,  however,  that  they 
will  expect  to  take  them  if  we  can  meet  their  needs.  Only 
such  farmers  will  be  listed  as  are  approved  by  the  College 
as  qualified  to  take  young  men  who  are  learning.  They 
will  help  the  students  to  get  their  education  and  in  return 
should  receive  good  value.  The  service  and  responsibility 
will  be  mutual.  These  farms  will  constitute  a  practical 
Department  of  the  College  of  Agriculture.  To  have  one’s 
farm  on  the  list  will  carry  some  distinction  with  it 

The  young  men  who  will  be  available  for  employment 
on  such  farms  fall  into  four  general  classes : 

1.  Persons  who  expect  to  study  at  the  College  of  Agri¬ 
culture,  but  who  want  to  gain  a  practical  knowledge  of 
farming  before  -they  enter.  They  are  available  more  or 
less  throughout  the  year.  They  are  usually  young  men 
from  cities  who  wish  to  become  farmers. 

2.  Students  who  want  Summer  work  chiefly  for  experi¬ 
ence,  but  also  to  earn  what  they  can.  Usually  they  have 
had  some  farm  experience,  but  not  much ;  but  owing  to 
their  eagerness  to  learn  they  will  be  different  from  the 
ordinarv  “inexperienced  hand.”  These  students  can  take 
work  about  June  10,  and  can  continue  until  about  Septem¬ 
ber  15. 

3.  Students  experienced  in  farm  work  who  desire  places 
for  about  the  same  period  as  above  in  order  to  earn  money 
to  enable  them  to  continue  their  studies  at  College.  They 
will  possess  technical  knowledge  of  certain  kinds  of  farming 
and  should  prove  much  more  efficient  than  the  ordinary 
“experienced  hand.” 

4.  At  the  close  of  the  college  year  there  are  usually  a 
number  of  students  who  have  finished  their  studies  and 
desire  positions  on  farms  as  superintendents  or  managers. 

Your  farm  has  been  included  in  our  preliminary  list, 
riease  state  which  of  these  four  classes  of  students,  if  any, 
you  would  prefer.  Please  state  also  the  kind  of  farming 
you  are  engaged  in.  As  our  list  must  include  many  farms 
of  each  kind,  as  general,  poultry,  fruit,  dairy,  and  the 
like,  we  mav  not  be  able  to  furnish  you  help  every  Summer. 

If  you  have  had  student  help,  we  should  like  a  statement 
as  to  whether  it  was  satisfactory. 

I  have  felt  it  my  duty,  as  Director  of  the  State 
College  of  Agriculture,  to  put  this  subject  squarely 
before  the  people  of  the  State  in  order  that  they  may 
know  that  the  responsibility  for  a  more  highly  de¬ 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 

veloped  country  life  depends  on  them  as  well  as  on 
the  institutions  that  the  people  have  established  (a 
situation  that  many  farmers  already  realize).  These 
institutions  have  their  limitations,  which  the  institu¬ 
tions  themselves  recognize ;  but  it  is  impossible  for 
them  to  do  their  work  alone.  The  farmers  must 
recognize  their  part  in  the  work;  I  am  now  suggesting 
an  opportunity  for  volunteers. 

I  think  that  fanners  do  not  sufficiently  realize  how 
much  they  liave  to  contribute,  or  how  important  their 
farms  are  educationally.  Every  good  farm  has  many 
of  the  elements  of  a  good  school.  If  the  col’ege  has 
much  to  give,  so  has  the  farm  much  to  give,  and  the 
farm  is  making  a  very  real  contribution  to  society. 

It  is  of  the  first  importance  that  as  many  students  as 
possible  come  in  actual  contact  with  good  farms  and 
active  farmers.  There  must  be  very'  close  cooperation 
between  farmers’  farms  and  the  educational  institu¬ 
tions,  if  the  best  results  for  country  life  are  to  be 
developed. 

I  would  not  imply  that  farmers  do  not  cooperate. 

I  have  been  much  pleased  with  the  way  in  which  they 
have  responded  to  college  work  and  with  the  many 
helpful  suggestions  that  they  are  making  to  ns.  We 
could  not  do  our  work  if  this  were  not  true.  But  the 
demands  on  the  college  are  increasing  so  rapidly  and 
heavily,  that  I  am  making  an  appeal  for  further  help. 

Dean,  N.  Y.,  Agricultural  College.  I,,  h.  bailey. 

NEW  BERRY  CULTURE. 

Tying  Up  the  Canes. 

Part  III. 

The  low-down  strawberry  carriers  are  a  nuisance 
in  the  cane  berries,  but  we  want  no  berries  picked  in 
pails.  We  make  carriers  of  light  half-inch  lumber  and 
plastering  lath,  to  stand  26  to  28  inches  high.  Two 
boards  six  inches  wide  by  two  feet  long  and  five  lath 
will  make  one.  Nail  pieces  of  lath  around  one  board 
to  hold  the  baskets,  then  put  on  the  legs,  spreading  a 
little  each  way,  a  short  piece  across  between  each  of 
the  end  legs,  and  the  other  board  nailed  on  these  di¬ 
rectly  under  and  about  10  inches  below  the  top  one, 
and  it  is  complete.  The  picker  takes  eight  baskets,  and 
when  four  are  filled  they  are  placed  on  the  lower 
board  and  the  others  filled.  They  are  light  and  con¬ 
venient,  and  are  within  easy  reach  whether  standing 
up  or  down  on  the  knees  picking  dose  to  the  ground. 
Both  hands  are  free,  and  the  picker  can  work  in  any 
position  without  danger  of  tipping  over  their  berries, 
as  with  a  carrier  suspended  from  the  shoulders.  While 
we  have  not  had  a  whole  acre  of  berries  in  full  crop 
here  yet,  we  figure  as  carefulty  as  we  could.  The 
blackberries  produced  about  106  bushels  per  acre,  and 
the  red  raspberries  96  bushels  last  year.  This  does 
not  include  berries  used  on  our  table  or  make  any 
allowance  for  the  fact  that  we  fed  a  large  flock  of 
birds  for  weeks.  And  five  or  six  dozen  birds  make 
more  impression  on  a  small  patch  than  on  a  large  one. 
Neither  have  we  figured  on  the  basis  that  if  10  hens 
lay  nine  eggs  in  one  day,  100  hens  will  lay  32.850  eggs 
in  a  year.  These  small  patches  have  had  no  ady^antage 
in  any  yvay  that  we  do  not  expect  to  give  the  Jarger 
ones.  We  shall  be  ready  with  a  full  acre  report  by 
August  30.  We  expect  to  improve  these  records,  par- 
ticularlv  the  blackberries.  We  have  reason  to  think 
yve  can  double  that  record,  but  there  is  time  enough 
to  tell  of  that  yvhen  it  is  done  Our  raspberries  sold 
at  wholesale  for  $4.50  to  $4.80  per  bushel,  and  the 
blackberries  for  $3.20,  except  a  few  bushels  at  the  last 
which  brought  $3.50. 

The  ground  we  have  in  berries  is  only  moderate 
in  fertility.  It  was  considered  poor  five  years  ago,  and 
has  had  but  one  coat  of  manure  since  then.  Last  year 
yvas  the  first  that  we  used  any  phosphate  of  any  con¬ 
sequence.  We  used  about  600  pounds  per  acre  of  a 
fertilizer  containing  one  to  1 per  cent  of  nitrogen, 
six  of  potash  and  eight  of  phosphoric  acid.  This 
year  yve  shall  get  more  potash  and  leave  out  the  nitro¬ 
gen  entirely,  as  we  do  not  care  to  buy  expensive  nitro¬ 
gen  to  grow  a  lot  more  brush  than  we  can  use.  We 
have  a  nine-tooth  cultivator  that  opens  about  four  feet 
and  will  do  a  good  job  in  those  wide  rows,  going 
twice  in  a  row.  There  are  some  10  and  12-inch 
sweeps  for  cutting  the  suckers  between  rows  and  they 
leave  the  soil  nearly  level.  By  loosening  two  bolts 
and  a  set  screw  we  can  lay  aside  the  extra  teeth  and 
have  the  regular  five-tooth  cultivator  for  other  uses. 
In  picking  we  get  better  work  done  and  have  less 
trouble  yvhen  the  boys  and  girls  are  kept  separate. 
That  is  one  reason  why  we  hire  all  girls.  If  we  had 
both  we  yvould  separate  them  while  at  work.  Our 
rows  are  all  numbered,  which  is  quite  a  convenience. 
We  claim  for  our  system  that  it  produces  larger  crops 
and  better  berries,  that  they  are  more  easily  picked, 
and  that  the  life  of  the  patch  is  lengthened  very  ma¬ 
terially.  The  only  objection  we  hear  is  too  much 
work.  The  cutting  out  of  the  old  canes  and  most  of 
the  tying  and  pruning  can  be  done  in  Winter  and  early 


Spring  when  other  work  is  not  pressing.  I  know  we 
are  told  to  remove  the  old  canes  as  soon  as  the  crop 
is  off,  and  in  some  cases  it  might  be  best,  but  we  have 
our  reasons  for  not  doing  so.  The  first  is  that  at  this 
time  we  are  rushing,  busy  12  to  14  hours  every  day 
yvithout  undertaking  an3r  work  that  can  be  put  off  for 
a  while.  Then  by  the  end  of  the  picking  season  we 
have  new  canes  large  enough  to  do  very  well  whether 
they  grow  any  more  or  not,  and  they  whip  around  in 
the  wind  worse  and  are  more  likely  to  be  broken  with 
the  old  canes  removed.  The  rows  are  so  shaded  after 
the  fruit  spurs  come  out  that  there  is  little  trouble 
with  yveeds  in  the  row  if  hoed  out  once  in  the  Spring. 
While  not  prepared  to  make  a  definite  statement,  we 
think  we  can  produce  either  of  these  berries  as  cheaply 
as  strawberries.  It  usually  costs  a  little  more  to  get 
the  red  ones  picked.  We  think  the  cane  berries  offer 
a  fine  opportunity  for  a  man  with  limited  capital,  as 
it  requires  but  a  few  acres  of  land  and  no  heavy  ex¬ 
pense  for  equipment  There  are  many  markets  like 
ours  with  a  plentiful  supply  of  strawberries  that  do 
not  get  nearly  enough  of  the  cane  berries.  Our  great¬ 
est  difficulty  in  the  market  has  been  to  divide  our 
berries  around  among  our  customers  and  have  them 
all  think  that  they  were  getting  a  fair  share  of  them. 

Mercer  Co.,  Pa.  B.  v.  Egbert. 


A  FLORIDA  LAND  COMPANY  “COMES 

BACK.” 

I  want  you  to  save  others  from  the  experience 
which  I  and  several  others  from  Tottenville  had  in 
trying  to  buy  Florida  real  estate.  About  one  3^ear  ago 
a  friend  showed  me  an  advertisement  of  the  New 
South  Farm  and  Home  Co.  of  Chicago,  Ill.,  taken 
from  a  magazine.  The  advertisement  told  how  a  man 
could  go  to  Burbank,  Florida,  take  10  acres  of  their 
land,  pay  them  five  dollars  deposit,  and  in  about  one 
3'ear  clear  the  land  of  all  debt  and  become  inde¬ 
pendently  rich.  It  was  guaranteed  that  if  for  any 
reason  whatever  the  purchaser  should  become  dis¬ 
satisfied,  the  company  would  upon  request  immediately 
return  all  money  paid  in,  with  six  per  cent  interest. 
Mr.  John  Anderson,  myself  and  several  others  con¬ 
cluded  to  invest  under  those  conditions,  but  I  warned 
each  one  to  be  sure  not  to  miss  any  payments,  as  that 
would  be  the  only  yvay  the  company  yvould  have  any 
chance  to  refuse  to  return  the  money  if  anything  was 
not  satisfactory. 

Last  October  (after  making  six  payments  oil  the 
land)  I  yvemt  to  Florida  to  find  out  -what  we  had  there. 
There  is  no  more  beautiful  count™  anywhere  than 
the  State  of  Florida,  or  a  more  miserable  spot  in  the 
country  than  the  spot  belonging  to  the  New  South 
Farm  and  Home  Co.  When  I  reached  the  Burbank 
Ocala  Farms  I  found  that  not  a  single  statement  made 
by  the  company  in  the  advertisement  was  true.  I  can¬ 
not  give  them  credit  for  one  truthful  remark  except 
the  fact  that  the  land  was  there  and  it  belonged  to 
them.  The  man  who  took  us  to  see  our  land  drove  a 
team  of  mules  five  miles  through  the  yvoods,  and  on 
that  drive  yve  never  saw  one  dollar’s  worth  of  truck 
growing,  except  some  sugar  corn,  which  was  old  fields 
planted  by  the  old  natives.  There  was  no  road ;  not 
even  a  good  cow  path.  I  inquired  where  the  few 
people  yyho  yvere  fooled  there  got  their  vegetables 
from,  and  yvas  told  that  they  had  to  go  to  Ocala,  which 
is  over  20  miles  away,  to  get  them ;  I  was  disgusted 
and  wanted  to  get  away  at  once.  I  found  that  the  ex¬ 
periment  farm  was  a  myth.  The  land  was  nothing 
hut  the  poorest  kind  of  sand  (their  advertisement 
called  it  loam),  and  I  am  sure  that  it  would  be  im¬ 
possible  to  raise  anything  except  peanuts  on  it.  Mr. 
McNeil,  of  Burbank,  one  of  the  victims,  raised  one 
basket  of  beans  and  sold  them  for  one  dollar.  He 
spent  $7400  for  irrigating,  labor,  etc.,  and  his  crop 
yvas  one  dollar’s  worth  of  beans.  Mr.  McNeil  has  the 
best  farm  on  the  property,  so  we  can  imagine  vvhat 
the  rest  is  like.  He  challenged  Mr.  Magaw  (vice- 
president  of  the  company)  to  produce  one  man  on  the 
whole  colony  who  ever  raised  and  sold  more  vege¬ 
tables  than  he  did,  and  agreed  to  deed  his  farm  to 
Magaw  if  he  produced  such  a  man.  When  I  arrived 
home  I  demanded  all  the  money  bade,  with  six  per 
cent  interest.  The  company  started  the  “tiring  out 
game.  I  got  dear  old  Uncle  Sam  after  them ;  then 
I  got  The  R.  N.-Y.  in  the  game,  and  don’t  think  that 
I  dropped  out.  With  the  three  of  us  at  it,  it  took 
six  months  to  get  the  money  back,  and  they  have  not 
sent  the  interest  yet,  but  I  am  going  to  make  them 
send  it  If  anyone  who  reads  this  article  has 
money  in  this  company,  and  has  not  been  able  to  get 
it  hack  I  will  help  them  get  it  without  any  charges 
whatey'er.  I  wish  to  thank  The  R.  N.-Y.  for  tne  part 
you  have  had  in  bringing  this  company  .to  a  place 
where  they  had  to  do  as  they  agreed,  and  in  apprecia¬ 
tion  of  your  good  work  I  want  you  to  accept  toe  in¬ 
closed  50  subscriptons ;  I  am  inclosing  my  check  for 
$50  to  cover  same.  Yours  for  truth  every  time. 

Tottenville,  N.  Y.  Christian  petersen. 

R.  N.-Y.— What  has  become  of  those  wonderful 
“new  creations”  which  Luther  Burbank  was  to  give  to 
settlers  on  this  land?  There  yvas  a  new^  potato,  new 
sweet  corn  and  the  great  “spineless  cactus”  to  be  given 
new  settlers.  Mr.  Petersen  seems  to  have  missed  see¬ 
ing  these  wonderful  gifts  of  nature  and  Burbank  . 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


660 


THE  EUCALYPTUS  TREE  IN  CALIFORNIA. 
Advice  About  Planting  This  Timber. 

It  was  during  the  closing  days  of  the  year  recently 
ended  that  I  had  occasion  to  visit  that  garden  region 
of  Alameda  County,  lying  about  and  a  little  beyond 
San  Lorenzo,  some  11  miles  from  Oakland.  In  pass¬ 
ing  down  one  of  the  beautiful  roads,  past  orange, 
trees  and  blooming  roses,  my  attention  was  arrested 
by  a  number  of  husky  young  Japanese  chopping  and 
sawing  away,  a  gigantic  gum-tree  (Eucalyptus 
globulus)  that  lay  in  a  huge  long  mass  from  the 
sidewalk  clear  across  a  lawn  to  well  nigh  the  front 
steps  of  a  beautiful  country  villa  It  was  one  of  the 
finest  specimens  of  this  tree  that  I  had 
ever  seen  that  fell  a  victim  to  the 
woodman’s  ax.  Two  pairs  of  Japanese 
were  tugging  away  at  two  crosscut  saws 
cutting  the  wood  into  stove-lengths  for 
fuel ;  four  others  were  splitting  the 
wood  into  suitable  pieces  to  fit  an  ordi¬ 
nary  cook  stove.  I  learned  shortly 
afterwards  that  all  the  fine  Eucalyptus 
trees  along  this  road  were  to  be  cut 
down,  as  they  interfered  with  the  elec¬ 
tric-light  and  current  wires  stretched 
from  pole  to  pole  close  to  these  trees. 

It  was  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the 
place  I  have  mentioned  that  the  truck- 
farmer  was  killed  by  coming  in  contact 
with  chicken-yard  netting  that  was 
charged  with  an  electric  current  con¬ 
veyed  from  one  of  these  power-current 
wires.  Here  was  a  case  of  the  barn 
door  being  closed  after  the  horse  was 
gone — the  company  was  trying  to  avoid 
dislocated  and  fallen  wires  as  much  as 
possible  by  removing  the  big  trees  that 
often  unawares  snap  their  big  branches 
and  come  crackling  to  earth,  carrying 
electric  wires  and  everything  else  along 
with  them.  Often  the  Eucalyptus 
branches  grow  so  powerfully  big  that, 
they  are  no  longer  self-supporting,  and 
menace  anything  that  may  be  beneath  them.  I  have 
many  a  time  heard  them  snap  and  break,  and  fall 
in  a  mighty  mass  to  the  ground,  and  woe  be  he  who 
is  caught  beneath  their  weight. 

Late  in  the  afternoon  two  days  later  I  appeared  at 
the  scene  of  the  Japanese  activity  fully  equipped  tQ 
secure  some  pictorial  material  of  the  scene  for  The 
R.  N.-Y.  I  found  the  men  still  working  on  the  tree 
they  were  cutting  on  my  previous  visit — they  had 
worked  up  all  but  about  10  feet  of  the  trunk.  The 
cutting  was  hard;  the  trunk  was  a  huge  one  as  such 
trees  go  in  California.  As  it  was  over  40  years  old, 
and  was  most  assuredly  no  “Spring  chicken,”  it  was 


drop.  This  would  have  made  this  tree  126  feet  tall. 
The  first  one  cut  was  much  taller,  but  no  measurement 
was  made,  except  that  I  found  the  diameter  of  the 
trunk,  about  18  inches  above  the  ground,  to  be  a  little 
over  four  feet.  In  Fig.  232  is  a  more  distant  view  of 
the  scene  of  this  Eucalyptus  cutting,  so  as  also  to 
show  the  trunks  of  a  couple  of  denuded  trees  ready 
for  the  wood-butcher.  The  taller  of  the  standing  trunks 
is  60  feet.  They  convey  some  idea  of  the  height  of  such 
of  such  trees;  the  majestic  appearance  they  possess, 
and  the  lordliness  they  give  the  landscape;  truly  they 
are  the  monarchs  of  the  surrounding  vegetable  world. 

At  the  terminus  o?  the  branch  trolley  line  in  San 
Lorenzo,  and  opposite  the  leading  hotel  of  the  place, 


a  chance  perhaps  never  before  offered  in  the  State  to 
acquire  the  finest  hard  wood  lumber  stuff  of  long 
lengths,  free  of  knots  and  blemishes,  and  right  up  to 
four  of  the  most  pretentious,  two  of  the  largest 
manufacturing  cities,  in  California.  After  waiting 
sufficiently  long  and  having  kept  the  electric  line 
people  waiting  some  time,  as  they  were  cutting  the 
trees  down  at  their  own  expense,  Mr.  Schlueter  gave 
the  word  and  the  trees  came  down.  Thus  it  has  been 
clearly  shown  that  the  statements  of  the  Eucalyptus 
land-boosters  are  false  and  without  foundation. 

My  advice  is  plant  gum-trees  on  land  you  have, 
but  do  not  purchase  land  with  a  vjew  of  planting  it 
entirely  to  Eucalyptus,  thinking  you  will  make  a 
fortune  off  it.  There’s  nothing  in  it; 
don’t  be  deceived  Neither  buy  shares 
or  stock  in  such  land  schemes ;  you 
will  be  taken  in  if  you  do.  The 
Eucalyptus  is  a  good  tree  in  its  place; 
it  is  good  for  fuel,  shade  and  ornament 
— but  don’t  let  it  ornament  the  other 
fellow’s  pocket.  w.  a.  pryae. 


HEADY  FOR  THE  WOOD  BUTCHER.  Fig.  232. 

hard  and  tough,  and  no  picnic  for  amateur  woodmen 
like  the  Orientals  who  were  pushing  and  pulling  at 
their  saws,  and  swinging  their  axes  on  the  job.  And 
less  than  an  hour  before  my  reappearance,  a  gang  of 
men  from  the  electric  light  company  equipped  with 
climbers,  ropes  and  cutting  implements  had  felled  an¬ 
other  of  the  trees  as  shown  in  the  foreground  of 
Fig.  233.  This  latter  tree  was  cut  off  16  feet  above 
the  ground ;  the  felled  shaft  was  85  feet  long,  but 
before  it  was  felled  some  25  feet  of  top  had  been  taken 
off,  so  as  to  only  leave  the  naked  shaft  for  the  final 


CUTTING  UP  EUCALYPTUS  TIMBER  IN  CALIFORNIA.  Fig.  233. 


is  one  of  the  finest  and  most  imposing  specimens  of 
E.  globulus  in  California.  As  it  is  on  the  main  road 
between  Oakland  and  San  Jose,  where  thousands  of 
automobilists  pass  it  every  week,  it  has  come  to  be 
known  far  and  wide.  Unlike  the  great  majority  of 
these  trees,  it  did  not  run  up  into  a  “bean-pole”  as  so 
many  Eucalyptus  do,  but  eight  or  10  feet  above  the 
ground  it  branched  out  into  a  spreading  head  of  great 
proportions.  Its  immensity  may  be  seen  by  comparing 
it  with  the  trolley  car  close  by  Fig.  234.  I  made  no 
measurements,  but  should  judge  its  trunk  must  be  be¬ 
tween  five  and  six  feet.  Its  age  is  probably  over  35 
years.  This  tree  is  growing  in  deep  alluvial  soil  of 
wonderful  fertility,  and  not  far  from  a  stream  of 
water.  I  am  happy  to  say  that  this  fine  specimen  is  to 
be  spared  by  the  woodman’s  ax. 

I  wish  to  make  the  destruction,  perhaps  necessary, 
of  the  trees  mentioned  in  this  article,  an  emphatic  pro¬ 
test  and  denial  of  the  claim  of  unprincipled  persons 
who  are  exploiting  the  sale  of  lands  in  this  State  for 
the  growing  of  Eucalyptus  trees  for  commercial  and 
other  purposes — that  there  are  immense  fortunes  to 
be  made  by  growing  this  tree.  I  have  known  the  tree 
a  lifetime;  my  father  was  among  the  first  California 
nurserymen  to  grow  and  disseminate  the  Eucalyptus  in 
California.  It  was  he  and  Bailley  of  Oakland;  W.  A. 
T.  Stratton,  of  Petaluma,  and  W.  F.  Haskell,  of  San 
Jose,  who  raised  them  by  the  million  in  this  portion 
of  the  State  a  generation  and  more  ago.  Monuments 
to  their  faith  in  the  Eucalyptus  are  to  be  found  to-day 
and  for  perhaps  hundreds  of  years  hence,  in  a  thousand 
nooks  and  corners  of  California.  But  all  their  efforts 
have  not  made  the  tree  a  commercial  possibility — per¬ 
haps  it  will  be  a  generation  before  its  worth  will  be 
fully  appreciated.  No  finer  wood  for  the  wood  crafts¬ 
man’s  purposes  is  to  be  found  anywhere.  I  examined 
pieces  of  the  wood  that  the  Japanese  boys  had  cut  as 
noticed  above,  and  found  it  of  fine  and  beautiful  grain ; 
it  was  heavy  and  of  excellent  color.  I  sought  the  man 
upon  whose  ground  the  tree  had  been  grown.  He  is 
the  postmaster  of  the  place,  Mr.  H.  F.  Schlueter,  a 
man  of  intelligence  and  learning.  I  wished  to  see  him 
to  learn  if  he  had  made  an  efforts  to  dispose  of  such 
splendid  timber  to  some  furniture  manufacturer  or 
dealer  in  hard  wood  for  wagon  and  car  building,  or 
the  like.  He  informed  me  that  he  had;  that  a  man 
recently  from  the  East  who  had  seen  the  trees  and 
appreciated  the  value  of  such  timber,  also  interested 
himself  to  see  if  some  one  would  not  utilize  the  wood 
for  a  better  purpose  than  common  scrub-oak  wood  is 
usually  put  with  us.  Firms  in  San  Jose,  Oakland 
and  San  Francisco  were  communicated  with;  only  one 
took  the  trouble  to  reply  and  promised  to  come  and 
examine  the  trees.  But  he  failed  to  do  so.  Here  was 


IMPROVING  THE  POTATO. 

The  article  on  “A  Year’s  Work  in 
Potato  Breeding,”  by  E.  S.  Brigham, 
(page  539)  prompts  me  to  relate  my 
last  year’s  experience,  as  touching  upon 
one  phase  of  the  situation.  We  are  told 
by  one  class  of  plant-breeders  that  the 
potato  is  susceptible  of  marked  and 
rapid  change  in  the  way  of  improve¬ 
ment  ;  and  by  another  class  of  investiga¬ 
tors  that  the  process  of  establishing  an 
improved  type  of  tuber,  by  selection,  is 
a  tedious  and  uncertain  task.  It  must  be 
that  this  great  divergence  of  opinion 
among  careful  investigators  working 
along  the  same  line  is  due  to  soil  and 
climatic  conditions, — and  possibly,  to  a 
difference  in  behavior  of  different  va¬ 
rieties.  The  opinions  are  so  utterly  an¬ 
tagonistic  that  I  see  no  other  way  of 
accounting  for  it. 

On  June  2,  1910  in  taking  from  the  cellar  some 
potatoes  with  sprouts  three  to  five  inches  long,  one 
unsprouted  tuber  was  found  (presumably  a  Bur¬ 
bank).  The  skin  was  smooth,  eyes  shallow,  and  it 
was  nearly  as  firm  as  when  dug.  It  weighed  12 
ounces,  was  cut  to  single  eyes  and  planted,  one  piece 
in  a  hill  June  3.  Dug  October  23,  the  yield  was  54 
pounds,  large,  but  mostly  “prongy.” 

There  were  about  60  tubers  in  the  lot,  and  of 
these  about  50  might  be  called  marketable.  Of 
these  50  only  was  a  reproduction  in  shap  and 
appearance,  of  the  parent  tuber — approimately  two 
per  cent.  This  specimen  weighed  18  ounces,  was 
8 inches  in  circuinferance,  and  seven  inches  long 
It  was  cut  to  the  single  eye,  and  planted  on  May  12, 


ONE  OF  THE  BEST  IN  CALIFORNIA.  Fig.  234. 

1911.  Now,  the  “question  before  the  house”  is,  what 
proportion  of  this  crop  will  reproduce  the  qualities  of 

the  parent,  the  special  traits  that  it  is  desired  to 
establish  as  a  “fixed  type?” 

Yakima  Valley,  Wash.  a.  c.  auldon. 

R.  N.-Y. — Selection  from  the  bin  is  by  no  means  as 
sure  as  selection  from  the  field.  In  the  latter  case 
we  can  observe  the  habit  of  the  entire  plant.  It  may 
or  may  not  have  the  habit  of  forming  uniform  and 
well-shaped  tubers.  When  taken  from  the  bin  we 
have  no  means  of  knowing  whether  the  firm  quality 
and  good  shape  were  accidental  or  true  types  of 
the  plant. 


004 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[  Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
name  and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure 
attention.  Before  asking  a  question,  please  see 
whether  it  is  not  answered  in  our  advertising 
columns.  Ask  only  a  few  questions  at  one  time. 
Put  questions  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper.] 


FAILURE  WITH  BLACKBERRIES. 

11.  11.  H.,  Fennvillc,  Mich. — Two  years 
ago  I  bought  3,000  blackberry  sets  from  a 
reliable  nursery  firm,  with  the  understanding 
that  they  did  not  grow  the  plants,  but 
bought  them  from  a  reliable  firm  with 
whom  they  were  well  acquainted.  When 
the  fruit  began  to  color  last  season  it  was 
about  one-dialf  inch  long  and  not  over 
three-eighths  inch  in  diameter.  There 
were  three  varieties,  one  thousand  each  of 
Wilson,  Kittatinny  and  Eldorado,  all  from 
root  cuttings  and  all  fruited  alike,  the  crop 
on  each  being  extremely  light.  Of  the  Wil¬ 
son  there  were  about  300  plants  that  looked 
different  from  the  others,  and,  thinking 
they  might  be  of  a  different  strain,  I  set 
them  all  together,  but  separate  from  the 
others.  They  produced  beautiful  Wilson 
berries.  Later  I  learned  that  others  here 
had  been  stung  by  the  same  deal,  some  from 
the  nursery  I  bought  from  and  others  who 
bought  elsewhere.  Later,  in  a  conversation 
with  a  fruit  tree  dealer  I  asked  why  a 
good  nursery,  or  anyone  else  would  grow 
such  stuff  when  it  was  just  as  easy  to  grow 
the  varieties  wanted,  or  other  good  fruit 
and  his  reply  was  that  it  had  just  been  dis¬ 
covered  that  with  the  blackberry,  ro'ot  cut¬ 
tings,  from  root  cuttings,  taken  three  or 
four  years  in  succession  without  allowing 
the  plants  to  fruit,  would  cause  just  that 
kind  of  degeneration,  and  to  his  certain 
knowledge  some  of  the  plants  sold  here 
were  originally  of  choice  varieties  but  the 
plants  had  been  dug  from  nursery  grounds 
several  years  without  renewing  the  parent 
stock  or  allowing  the  the  growth  to  ma¬ 
ture,  and  in  his  opinion  the  above  was  the 
cause  of  fruit  failure.  I  am  new  in  black¬ 
berry  growing  and  anything  you  can  say  in 
this  connection  will  be  greatly  appreciated. 

Ans. — Relative  to  the  claims  made  by  the 
man  selling  blackberry  plants  that  when 
root  cuttings  are  taken  from  the  black¬ 
berry  three  or  four  years  in  succession 
without  allowing  the  plants  to  fruit,  we 
have  a  form  of  degeneration,  such  plants 
being  very  inferior,  I  do  not  think  that 
this  man  can  prove  his  claim  as  above, 
as  nurserymen  and  planters  both,  I  be¬ 
lieve,  recognize  that  plants  grown  in  this 
manner  are  the  most  satisfactory  for 
transplanting.  From  your  reader’s 
statement,  I  think  that  without  any  ques¬ 
tion  the  stock  was  mixed  when  shipped. 
Of  course,  this  would  be  more  likely  to 
happen  when  root  cuttings  were  grown 
for  three  or  four  years  without  allow¬ 
ing  them  to  get  full  size  or  fruiting. 
Two  or  three  years  ago  I  had  occasion 
to  call  upon  a  man  who  was  digging 
blackberries  which  he  had  sold  at  whole¬ 
sale  to  a  large  nurseryman.  I  found 
that  he  was  putting  up  and  labeling  four 
different  kinds  of  blackberries  from  the 
same  row.  This  nurseryman  was  buy¬ 
ing  the  plants  in  good  faith,  and  as  he 
happened  to  be  a  personal  friend  I  told 
him  the  facts  in  the  case  and  he  dis¬ 
continued  buying  plants  of  this  party* 
This  shows  that  the  nurseryman  cannot 
always  tell  what  he  is  selling,  b.  d.  v.  b. 

The  explanation  offered  by  the  nur¬ 
seryman  friend  is  certainly  hypothetical. 
I  do  not  believe  you  will  change  the 
nature  of  the  Wilson  blackberry  by  pre¬ 
venting  it  from  fruiting  for  three  or 
four  years  through  the  digging  up  of  the 
previous  year’s  suckers.  I  think  it  is 
possible  that  if  this  process  were  carried 
on  for  several  years — say  10  or  15, — a 
change  in  the  reproductive  and  vegeta¬ 
tive  habits  of  the  plant  might  be  brought 
about.  I  do  not  believe,  however,  that 
there  is  anyone  who  can  back  this  up  by 
conclusive  evidence.  Theories  are  very 
easily  concocted  and  sometimes  on  a 
very  slim  foundation.  I  can  hardly  see 
how  it  would  be  possible  in  any  event  to 
take  away  all  the  shoots  from  a  black¬ 
berry  plant  and  leave  it  in  such  condi¬ 
tion  that  other  suckers  would  be  thrown 
up.  A  practice  of  this  kind  would 
simply  run  the  plant  out  entirely  in  two 
or  three  years;  I  do  not  mean  degene¬ 
rate  it,  but  weaken  the  stolons  so  much 
that  no  suckers  of  any  account  will  be 
produced.  My  notion  is  that  there  are 


more  mistakes  made  and  more  troubles 
arising  from  carelessness  in  the  labeling 
of  varieties  than  from  the  cause  sug¬ 
gested  in  your  correspondent’s  letter. 

JOHN  CRAIG. 

Soil  for  Roses  ;  Layering. 

J.  A.  C.,  Omro,  Wis. — 1.  Does  the  rose 
grow  best  in  clay  or  sand?  2.  What  is 
meant  by  layering  to  propagate  the  plant? 

Ans. — i.  Roses  will  succeed  in  any. 
ordinary  garden  soil  that  is  well  drained 
and  free  from  standing  water.  If  very 
sandy  it  is  well  to  spade  in  leaf  mould 
or  clay  to  give  more  body;  if  a  tough 
clay  it  can  be  made  more  friable  by 
working  in  wood  ashes  or  burnt  earth. 
Thorough  spading  and  working  will 
make  clay  suitable  if  it  is  not  too  sour 
and  tough.  If  there  is  doubt  whether 
the  drainage  is  good  and  tiling  is  not 
practicable,  dig  a  deep  hole  and  put  some 
bricks  or  rough  stones  in  the  bottom. 
It  is  also  well  to  throw  any  bones  at 
hand  in  the  bottom  of  holes  dug  for 
roses;  as  they  decay  they  are  very  help¬ 
ful. 

2.  A  layer  is  merely  a  cutting  that  is 
allowed  to  remain  attached  to  the  parent 
plant  until  rooted.  Select  a  convenient 
branch,  bend  it  down  to  the  ground,  and 
selecting  a  place  just  below  a  bud  where 
it  can  be  brought  in  contact  with  the 
soil  conveniently,  cut  through  the  bark 
a  short  way  into  the  wood,  splitting 
lengthwise  so  as  to  make  a  tongue.  Then 
bend  down  the  branch,  fastening  in  place 
with  a  hooked  peg,  cover  over  the  cut 
place  with  soil,  and  then  tie  the  end  of 
the  branch  up  to  a  stake.  When  well 
rooted  the  layered  branch  is  cut  from  the 
parent,  and  a  nice  plant  is  thus  easily  se¬ 
cured.  Sometimes  a  number  of  layers 
are  secured  from  a  single  branch.  This 
process  is  an  excellent  one  for  many 
hardy  shrubs  and  vines. 


A  Parcels  Post  Notice. 

The  following  notice  is  sent  by  Henry 
Field,  the  seedsman.  It  goes  into  every 
express  shipment : 


“IF  YOU  HAVE  TO  PAY  HIGH  CHARGES  AND 
GET  POOR  SERVICE  ON  THIS  SHIPMENT, 

remember  that  ours  is  the  only  civilized  or 
semi-civilized  country  in  the  world  that  does 
not  have  PARCELS  POST  for  such  shipments. 

WHAT  ARE  YOU  GOING  TO  DO  ABOUT  IT?” 


Such  a  slip  should  go  into  every  ex¬ 
press  package.  It  will  help  the  express 
companies  to  argue  against  themselves. 


Effects  of  Lime. 

Could  I  use  lime  on  a  piece  of  land  this 
year  for  cabbage  and  next  year  put  in  po¬ 
tatoes  and  not  have  them  scab?  What  ef¬ 
fect  would  lime  have  on  late  turnips,  by 
that  I  mean  injurious  effect?  E.  H.  b. 

Bridgewater,  Mass. 

If  you  soak  the  seed  potatoes  well  in  the 
formalin  solution  you  need  not  have  much 
fear.  It  would  help  to  sow  rye  in  the  cab¬ 
bage  this  Fall  and  plow  it  under  next 
Spring  when  planting  potatoes.  The  lime 
will  not  hurt  the  turnips. 


ANOTHER  SIDE  OF  THE  “SAND  HILLS.” 

F.  H.  Brooks  says  that  the  sand  hill 
country  usually  has  an  abundance  of  rain. 
Would  it  not  be  better  to  say  that  they 
have  about  18  or  20  inches  of  rain,  and 
let  men  judge  if  that  be  an  abundance  when 
the  “hot  winds”  blow?  I  am  not  a  knocker 
on  the  sand  hills ;  1  like  the  country  and 
the  people.  But  if  men  down  East  would 
live  in  mud  houses  and  burn  cow  dung, 
could  they  not  save  .$75  or  $100  per  year 
for  five  years,  and  that  is  more  than  men 
from  the  East  would  average  after  they 
count  government  fees,  locaters’  fees,  freight 
and  passenger  fare,  improvements,  etc.  Do 
you  want  to  leave  all  the  advantages  of 
civilization,  school,  church,  society  and 
mankind  for  five  years  to  win  a  home  that 
will  sell  for  perhaps  $500  more  than  it 
cost  you?  If  you  have  a  family  it  will 
cost  you  nearly  $500  more  for  fuel,  cloth¬ 
ing  and  living  expenses  than  in  the  East. 
If  you  look  at  a  map  of  this  country  you 
will  find  it  dotted  with  names.  Do  not 
take  it  that  these  are  towns.  Most  of 
them  are  only  little  places  that  would 
hardly  be  considered  crossroad  stores  in 
the  East.  Twelve  miles  through  this  shift¬ 
ing  sand,  where  there  are  no  roads,  and 
you  have  to  get  out  and  open  and  shut  22 
gates  going  to  town  (general  store  and 
perhaps  railroad  station)  and  back  is  a 


.Tune  10, 


harder  drive  than  24  miles  on  an  average 
eastern  road.  When  you  go  far  from 
manufacturing  and  market  centers  you  must 
pay  the  freight  both  ways.  You  pay  two 
prices  for  oil  and  shoes,  and  sell  chickens 
and  eggs  at  half  price  as  we  count  it  down 
East  C.  f.  h. 

Vistula,  Ind. 


INVESTMENTS  IN  MINING  STOCKS. 

An  acquaintance  of  mine  has  just  been 
summoned  by  a  United  States  Marshal  to 
appear  in  a  Western  State  as  a  witness 
against  a  certain  mining  stock  promoter 
who  has  succeeded  by  aid  of  the  U.  S.  mails 
In  swindling  certain  parties  out  of  consid¬ 
erable  money.  It  is  doubted  whether  any 
attempt  was  ever  made  to  develop  any 
mine  by  the  aid  of  the  money  that  was 
secured  by  this  advertiser,  and  possibly 
there  were  no  property  rights  acquired  at 
all.  It  is  thus  in  many  of  these  enterprises. 
There  are  those  who  are  honest  promoters, 
even  in  these  lines,  and  such  are  injured 
by  the  rogues,  as  well  as  the  investors. 
Speaking  of  those  mining  schemes  to  a 
friend  who  spent  some  years  on  the  Pacific 
slope,  he  gave  some  details  of  a  venture 
that  he  saw  carried  out  while  there.  In 
this  case  the  mining  property  was  real.  It 
was  being  promoted  by  French  capital. 
Frenchmen  were  in  command.  They  built 
houses,  dug  long  and  expensive  sluice-ways, 
erected  an  extra  heavy  stamping  mill,  but 
did  almost  nothing  towards  the  develop¬ 
ment  of  the  mine  itself.  They  consumed 
vast  quantities  of  good  French  wines,  and 
sank  some  three  hundred  thousand  dollars 
of  Investors’  money.  At  length  no  more 
money  could  be  secured,  as  the  home  people 
became  discouraged,  and  so  the  project  was 
abandoned.  It  stands  deserted  to-day,  and 
yet  Is  probably  a  good  property. 

H.  H.  LYON. 

R.  N.Y. — We  could  tell  of  similar  experi- 


BULLETIN  33 

Containing  the  complete  farm  uses  of  Avenavius 
Carbolineum  will  be  mailed  free  upon  request. 
Country  Gentleman  says:  "  Every  reader  should 
have  it.”  The  entire  agricultural  press  endorses 
its  use,  as  does  the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture. 

CARBOLINEUM  WOOD  PRESERVING  CO. 

181  Franklin  St.,  New  York,  N.Y. 


EVERY  FARMER 

himself  against  the  dealer  who  shortweighs 
him  and  the  stock  which  puts  more  in  its 
belly  than  onto  its  ribs. 


ANY  FARMER 


who  believes  in  fair 
play  can  buy  scales 
from  me  at  dealers’  prices  because  the 
cowardly-trust-controlled  dealer  says  that  I 
can't  sell  you  if  l  sell  him,  and  your  money 
is  as  good  as  his  and  your  credit  better.  My 
price,  my  approval  plan  and  all  information 
is  free.  Tell  me  the  scale  and  I  will  make 
you  an  otter.  No  dealers  wanted. 

Jones,  He  Pays  the  Freight,” 

20  Ney  St.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


500,000  New  StoneTomato  Plants  For  Sale 

From  selected  seed  that  grow  the  big  crops  ready 
.June  the  First.  51.00  per  1000;  5000  for  $4,00. 

CELERY,  CABBAGE,  RUBY  KING  PEPPER,  CAULIFLOWER  and 
SWEET  POTATO  PLANTS  in  tlieir  season. 

Send  for  our  ton  Catalog 

If  you  want  50,000  or  100,000  Tomato  Plants  we  can 
supply  yon  with  extra  fine  plants.  ROMANCE  SEED  S 
PLANT'  FARM,  CALEB  BOGGS  &  SON,  CHESW0L0,  DEL. 


OLYMPIC  NATURE  NURSERY 

Rhododendrons,  51  adronas, Oregon  Grapes,  Huckle¬ 
berries  and  other  wild  shrubs,  plants  and  flowers. 

By  mail,  10  for  50  cents,  24  for  SI .00  postpaid. 

Money  back  if  not  satisfied. 

JOEL  SHOMAKKR,  Nellita,  Washington. 


enn  CAI  r— Cow  Peas,  $2.50  to  $3.00  bushel; 
run  OHLC  Crimson  Clover  Seed,  $8.50  bushel: 


Black-Eyed  Peas,  $3.00  bushel. 

JOSEPH  E.  HOLLAND  .  .  Milford.  Del. 


cnees  from  personal  observation.  In  most 
eases  if  a  farmer  would  invest  his  money 
right  on  his  own  farm  in  mining  for  drain 
tile  or  stones  he  would  make  sure  and 
sound  dividends.  We  can  see  no  reason 
why  any  reader  of  The  R.N.-Y.  should  go 
into  such  games.  They  certainly  have  had 
“line  upon  line”  of  warning. 


Rape  Did  Well. — J.  L.  P.  has  a  friend, 
of  Tuckerton,  N.  J.,  who  failed  to  raise  rape 
“only  two  inches  high.”  That’s  bad  luck 
sure.  The  Spring  of  1910  I  put  five  large 
loads  of  stable  manure  on  lot  50x200  feet, 
had  it  plowed  under  on  stiff  clay  land, 
which  I  had  tiled  well,  and  planted  it  to 
dwarf  apples  and  pears,  then  covered  it 
over  top  with  fine  manure  as  mulch. 
August  1  I  had  it  harrowed  and  sown 
with  English  rape — the  trees  were  2  lA  to 
3  feet  high,  and  I  was  obliged  to  pull  it  all 
away  around  the  trees  to  find  them.  It  was 
fully  two  feet  high.  November  1  I  plowed 
It  under  throwing  furrows  toward  trees, 
used  cultivator  this  Spring ;  all  trees  are 
growing  fine  and  some  of  the  rape  was  still 
living,  with  roots  a  foot  long.  None  of  my 
farmer  friends  knew  what  the  rape  cover 
crop  was.  Many  of  these  trees  are  full  of 
bloom  and  the  dark  green  foliage  speaks  In 
praise  of  rape  and  thorough  fertilizing.  I 
might  add  the  ducks  and  chickens  had 
enough  green  food  all  Winter  long  except¬ 
ing  when  covered  with  snow,  and  had  there 
not  been  trees  in  the  patch  It  would  have 
made  feed  for  a  couple  of  cows  from  Sep¬ 
tember  1  nearly  all  Winter,  had  it  not  been 
plowed  under.  doctor. 

Mansfield,  O. 


The  prospects  for  a  good  crop  of  peaches, 
cherries  and  early  varieties  of  apples  are 
very  good.  The  Winter  varieties  of  apples, 
such  as  Baldwin,  Northern  Spy  and  Wolf 
River  will  be  less  than  50  per  cent  of  a 
crop.  Gooseberries,  strawberries  and  rasp¬ 
berries  promise  a  big  crop.  This  Spring 
in  20  counties  in  Western  Michigan,  this 
county  included,  there  have  been  nearly  one 
million  trees  planted.  e.  v.  a. 

Newaygo  County,  Mich. 


NEW  CRIMSON  CLOVER  SEED 

Ready  Jane  mh.  COW  PEAS.  SORGHUM. 
MILLET,  VETCHES.  Circular  Free. 

E.  G.  PACKARD,  Seed  Grower,  Dover,  Del. 


^Ufoot  Pftiatn  Plante  only  $2.00  pel-  1000,  special 
OnGGI  rUialU  rlalllo  prjces  on  5000  lots,  Price 
list  free.  W.  S.  FORD  &  SON,  Hartly,  Del. 


CAD  CAI  C— 1 900,000  Sweet  Potato  Plants.  Tomato 
ri/n  OHLC  and  Cabbage  Plants.  Send  today  for 
catalogue.  Fine  plants.  M.  N.  BORGO,  Vineland,  N.J. 


CABRAUK  PLANTS  of  all  kinds,  $1  per  IIIOO:  Tomato  and  Sweet 
Potato  Plants,  $l..riO  per  1000;  Cauliflower  and  Peppoi  8,42.60 
per  1000.  Plants  ready  for  field.  J.  C.  Schmidt,  Bristol,  Pa. 


JAPANESE  MILLET  SEED  ;  sound,  clean  seed.  $1.50  per 
bushel.  M.  HATCH,  JR.,  .Marshfield,  Mass. 


Monarch 


Hydraulic 

Cider  Press 


Net  owners  254  to  1004 
on  investment  per  year. 
Ask  for  Free  Cat¬ 
alog  and  "(rood 
"Tip”  booklet  tell- 
ing  how.  I 

Monarch  Machinery  Co.,  609  Hudson  Terminal,  New  York 


Wantprl-A  K°°^ •  faithful  representative  to  travel 
It  ulllGU  the  neighboring  towns  presen  tin"  our 
reliable  nursery  products.  Any  man  of  good  address 
who  is  not  afraid  of  work  can  make  this  a  satisfac¬ 
tory  and  permanent  business.  If  you  are  not  just 
suited  witli  your  present  environment  write  us  for 
full  particulars,  VVe  will  help  von  to  a  good  thing. 

11KOWN  BROTHERS  NURSERIES 
Rochester,  N.  Y, 


DO  YOU  NEED  FARM  HELP? 

The  Jewish  Agricultural  and  Industrial  Aid 
Society  has  on  its  lists  men  wishing  to  obtnin  em¬ 
ployment  upon  farms.  Most  of  them  are  without 
experience,  but  they  are  able-bodied  and  willing 
to  work.  They  speak  little  or  no  English,  although 
many  of  them  speak  German.  If  you  can  make 
use  of  such  help,  please  communicate  with  us, 
stating  what  you  will  pay,  whether  the  work  is 
permanent,  and  whether  you  prefer  a  single  or  a 
married  man.  We  are  a  philanthropic  organiza¬ 
tion,  whose  object  it  is  to  assist  and  encourage 
Jews  to  become  farmers.  We  charge  no  commis¬ 
sion  to  employer  or  employee.  Address 
THE  J.  A.  &  I.  A.  S.,  174  Second  Avenue.  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


A  WATER  SYSTEM 

WITHOUT a  WATER  tank 


Equipment  may  be  placed  at  any  distance 
iron)  tbe  weH.  Outfits  supplied  for  any  lift. 


Don’t  use  an  immense  tank,  either 
elevated  or  buried,  for  storing 
water.  Stored  water  is  unhealtbful 
for  your  family  and  your  stock. 
Pump  the  water  direct,  with  com¬ 
pressed  air,  as  you  use  it.  Supply 
the  home  with  water  fresh  from 
the  well  by  using  the 


PERRY  PNEUMATIC  WATER  SYSTEM 

The  only  water  system  which  stores  no  water 

YX/TTH  the  Perry  System,  the  water  stays  in  the  well  until  it  is  needed.  Continuous 
v  v  pressure  in  the  pipes  at  all  times,  same  as  city  supply.  The  Perry  System  forces 
water  from  the  source  of  supply  to  the  faucets  by  direct  air  pressure.  It  stores  com¬ 
pressed  air,  which  is  the  power  that  forces  the  water  from  the  cylinders  of  the  pneu¬ 
matic  pump.  This  stored  air  is  reserve  power,  making  it  necessary  to  operate 
the  compressor  only  occasionally  ;  therefore  the  motor,  engine,  or  whatever  power 
employed  may,  in  the  meantime,  be  used  for  other  purposes. 

One  air-compressing  outfit  will  supply  both  hard  and  soft  water,  if  desired. 
Easy  to  install  and  operate. 

The  Perry  System  is  adapted  for  open  or  driven  wells,  lakes,  rivers  or  springs. 
Economical  in  operation.  Endorsed  by  architects  and  engineers.  Fully  guaranteed. 
Write  for  descriptive  catalog. 

UNITED  PUnP  AND  POWER  CO. 

473  ODD  COLONY  BUILDING,  CHICAGO. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  R  R  W -YORKER 


605 


RAT-PROOF  CORNCRIB  DOOR. 

You  will  find  below,  Fig.  235,  a  sketch 
of  a  rat-proof  corncrib  door  that  I  be¬ 
lieve  will  be  found  useful.  It  is  my 
own  idea,  and  I  have  never  seen  one, 
but  I  don’t  see  why  it  shouldn’t  be 
all  right.  The  trouble  with  movable 
steps  is  that  some  one  will  leave  them 
against  the  house  and  the  damage  is 
done.  Rats  once  in  will  never  come 
out.  They  depend  upon  rain  for  water 
and  will  go  for  weeks  without  any.  I 
have  seen  them  thick  on  the  roof  of  a 
ratproof  granary  drinking  rain  water 
when  they  were  bound  to  have  been 
without  water  for  at  least  three  weeks, 
as  there  had  been  no  rain  and  they 
had  had  no  chance  to  get  in  within  that 
period. 

The  door  if  built  six  feet  high  and 


RAT-PROOF  CORNCRIB  DOOR.  Fig.  235. 

the  building  on  three-foot  posts  will 
give  easy  descent.  The  pulley  swings 
loose  so  as  to  follow  the  motion  of  door 
and  weight  just  balances  out  of  door. 
A  cleat  is  put  on  outside  of  door  at 
top  of  hook  over  side  of  wagon  body. 
By  letting  down  door  on  a  block  about 
eight  inches  high  this  will  give  a  very 
easy  descent.  Drive  just  inside  the 
block  when  loading  a  wagon.  A  cleat 
must  be  fastened  against  house  at  bot¬ 
tom  of  door  so  that  door  will  rest  on 
it  when  open,  as  hinges  will  not  be 
strong  enough.  A  sheet  of  tin  should 
be  fastened  against  house  and  door 
where  the  weight  hangs  when  door  is 
closed,  and  next  the  weight  should  be 
a  piece  of  wire  that  rats  could  not 
climb.  The  pulley  would  have  to  be 
put  higher  than  shown  in  this  cut  in 
order  to  give  sufficient  length  of  rope 
to  open  the  door  clear  down.  The  door 
is  locked  with  a  bar  across  it.  L  c.  P. 

Yancey  Mills,  Va. 


VAN  DEMAN’S  NOTES. 

Dishorning  Peach  Trees ;  Black  Cherries. 

C.  E.  D.,  Notch,  Mo. — 1.  I  have  some 
quite  large  peach  trees  which  on  account  of 
the  frost  have  no  fruit  on  them,  and  I  wish 
to  dishorn  them.  When  is  the  best  time 
to  do  it,  and  if  I  dishorn  them  severely 
will  they  set  any  fruit  for  next  year?  2.  I 
was  raised  in  Southern  New  Jersey,  and 
around  the  farmhouses  there  they  had  very 
large  cherry  trees  which  bore  a  large  sweet 
black  cherry.  I  believe  they  called  them 
Black  Oxhearts.  Can  you  tell  me  if  this 'is 
the  correct  name  and  also  if  they  will  come 
true  from  the  seed?  From  their  location 
there  in  the  yards  and  fence  corners  1 
should  judge  they  were  seedlings.  I  would 
like  to  get  some  of  them  to  try  here  in  the 
Ozarks. 

Ans. — 1.  The  proper  time  to  cut 
back  peach  trees  to  form  new  tops  on 
them  is  when  they  are  in  the  dormant 
stage.  To  cut  them  back  into  the  large 
branches  now,  when  they  are  in  full 
leaf,  would  be  a  very  severe  check  to 
them  and  the  new  growth  would  not  ma¬ 
ture  early  nor  set  vigorous  fruit  buds  as 
there  should  be  for  next  year’s  bearing. 
When  the  fruit  crop  of  this  year  was 
first  known  to  be  a  failure  was  the  time 
the  cutting  back  should  have  been  done. 
It  is  too  late  now  and  next  Winter  is  the 
earliest  date  at  which  it  can  be  done 
safely  and  wisely. 

2.  There  are  various  types  of  the 
Mazzard  cherry,  and  the  one  mentioned 
is' probably  one  of  the  better  class.  Ox- 
heart,  Blackheart,  Redheart  and  other 
names  have  been  applied  to  these  types, 
according  to  their  character  and  the  cus¬ 
tom  of  the  localities  where  they  have 
grown.  The  seedlings  come  fairly  true 
to  the  types,  but  not  strictly  so.  The 
Mazzard  is  not  so  well  adapted  to  the 


central  parts  of  the  country,  including 
the  Ozark  region,  as  to  the  eastern  and 
far  western  countries,  but  it  would  be 
well  to  try  some  of  the  trees  there. 
Good  budded  varieties  would  be  better, 
however.  h.  e.  van  deman. 

Persian  Walnut  in  Illinois. 

J.  W.  N.,  Girard,  III. — I  am  very  much 
interested  in  the  hardy  English  walnuts  and 
would  like  to  get  a  start  of  them,  enough 
to  set  out  a  small  grove.  There  are  none 
around  here,  but  if  they  do  well  in  New 
York  and  Pennsylvania,  why  not  here? 

Ans. — It  may  seem  entirely  reason¬ 
able  to  many  that  the  Persian  (English) 
walnuts  and  other  trees  and  plants  that 
are  hardy  in  New  York  and  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  would  be  equally  hardy  in  Illinois 
and  other  prairie  States.  But  this  is 
not  always  true.  The  climate  of  the 
Central  States  is  different  from  that  of 
the  seaboard  and  there  is  a  marked  dif¬ 
ference  in  the  behavior  of  many  trees 
and  plants  and  among  them  the  Persian 
(or  English)  walnuts.  The  changes  in 
Winter  are  far  more  sudden  and  severe, 
and  this  seems  to  injure  them  by  evap¬ 
orating  the  moisture  within  their  sap  to 
a  damaging  degree.  Plowever,  it  may 
be  that  there  are  or  will  be  varieties  of 
this  nut  tree  that  may  prove  hardy  and 
it  would  be  well  to  try  a  very  few  of 
the  trees.  Perhaps  there  will  be  grafted 
trees  of  a  few  varieties  offered  for  sale 
within  a  year.  h.  e.  van  deman. 

Apple  Trees  Drop  Fruit. 

W.  E.  8.,  Lake  Shore,  Md. — I  have  a 
young  apple  orchard  in  which  two  trees 
blossomed  last  year  and  as  soon  as  the 
fruit  was  about  the  size  of  a  small  marble 
they  almost  all  dropped  off.  This  year  the 
whole  orchard  is  full  of  blooms,  and  those 
two  trees,  although  full  of  blossoms,  have 
shown  no  signs  of  putting  out  any  foliage. 
Is  it  too  late  this  year  to  remedy  the  evil, 
or  would  I  better  cut  down  the  two  trees  to 
keep  from  spreading  the  disease  to  the 
others? 

Ans. — It  is  probable  that  the  two 
apple  trees  referred  to  have  been  seri¬ 
ously  injured  by  borers  or  mice  at  or 
near  the  surface  of  the  ground.  Or  it 
may  be  “root  rot”  or  some  such  trouble. 
They  .will  surely  die  this  year  if  they 
do  not  come  into  leaf  very  soon.  In 
case  they  die  the  soil  from  the  holes 
made  in  digging  out  the  roots  should 
be  thrown  away,  provided  there  was  a 
disease  attacking  them,  and  other  soil 
put  next  the  roots  of  the  new  trees 
that  will  be  set  in  the  same  places. 
The  greatest  care  should  be  used  in  ex¬ 
amining  the  condition  of  the  collar  of 
these  two  trees  and  if  no  signs  of  borers 
are  found  it  might  be  well  to  send  some 
of  the  diseased  bark  and  wood  to  the 
Experiment  Station  at  College  Park  for 
examination  and  an  expert  opinion. 

Covering  Trunks  of  Trees. 

IF.  P.  It.,  Milford,  Mass. — We  have  iu  our 
town  park  some  maple,  elm,  birch  and  lin¬ 
den  trees,  and  some  one  is  piling  loam 
around  them  anywhere  from  six  to  15 
inches  up  the  tree.  I  am  under  the  im¬ 
pression  that  this  is  harmful  rather  than 
beneficial,  that  the  loam  will,  in  time,  rot 
the  bark  and  kill  the  tree.  Will  you  let 
me  know  what  you  think  about  this? 

Ans. — All  trees  flourish  best  under 
as  near  natural  conditions  as  possible 
and  this  would  not  admit  of  covering 
the  surface  about  their  bases  with  loam 
or  anything  of  a  nature  that  would  ex¬ 
clude  the  light  and  air.  If  the  loam 
mentioned  is  only  piled  up  around  the 
trees  in  small  mounds,  it  will  not  hurt 
them,  but  if  it  covers  the  entire  sur¬ 
face  of  the  ground  over  the  roots,  it 
will  seriously  injure  them.  This  is  done 
occasionally  in  grading  where  trees  are 
growing  and  desired  to  remain  and  if 
the  earth  is  deep  over  the  roots  and 
comes  close  around  their  trunks  they 
will  gradually  fail  and  finally  die.  This 
I  have  often  seen.  But  if  there  is  a 
wall  built  up  around  the  base  of  each 
tree,  allowing  the  bark  to  be  exposed  to 
the  air  and  light,  as  it  was  before,  the 
trees  are  likely  to  live  and  flourish 
about  as  usual.  I  have  seen  trees  stand¬ 
ing  in  little  stone  or  cement  enclosures 
of  this  kind  that  were  two  feet  or  more 
deep  and  their  roots  covered  as  deep 
that  seemed  to  be  in  their  usual  vigor. 
Why  they  die  when  the  earth  is  put 
next  to  the  bodies  I  do  not  know, 
positively,  but  think  it  is  because  the 
light  and  air  is  kept  from  the  bark. 
There  are  differences  in  the  ability  of 
various  species  to  endure  this  banking 
up  over  the  roots  and  next  to  the 
trunks,  but  it  is  harmful  to  about  all 
of  them  that  I  have  noticed,  except  the 
willows.  H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


“Not  the  hand  ot  fate 
but  lack  ot  prudence” 

The  home  might  have  been  saved— should  have 
boon  saved.  Lightning  never  yet  has  destroyed  a 
building  protected  by  Dodd  &  Struthers’  lightning 
rods.  It  does  not  strike,  because  it  cannot  strike. 
The  protection  is  certain,  absolute,  guaranteed. 
THE  PROOF.  Tens  of  thousands  of  homes  pro¬ 
tected,  lightning  striking  all  around,  never  one  of 
these  homes  destroyed  or  damaged. 


DODD  SYSTEM  OF  PROTECTION 


Have  you  thought  of  your  home?  Is  K  protected? 
If  not,  are  you  acting  the  part  of  the  prudent  man? 
Take  the  matter  up  and  settle  it  now  and  settle  it 
right.  You  have  only  to  act  as  your  conscience 
tells  you  you  ought  to  act.  Write  us  and  let  us 
send  you  FREE  our  great  Lightning  Book,  which 
tells  you  everything  you  will  want  to  know.  What 
lightningis,  how  it  is  formed,  how  it  strikes,  how 
controlled,  its  freaks,  why  and  how  cattle  are  killed 
by  lightning  when  near  wire  fences,  how  to  pre¬ 
vent,  etc.  Also  gives  resolutions  passed  in  conven¬ 
tions  by  2000  insurance  companies  endorsing 
the  Dodd  System  and  that  system  only. 

Book  has  large  pages,  finely  illustrated, 
many  lightning  scenes,  etc.  Send 
for  your  copy  now. 

DODD  &  STRUTHERS 
437  6th  Avenue 
Des  Moines 
Iowa 


NOVENTO 

WATER-PROOF 

ROOFING 

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alone  through  the  inside. 

We  will  be  glad  to  send  on  request 
samples  of  Novento  Roofing'  so  that  vou 
may  see  how  sturdy  and  well-made  it  is 
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easily.  Send  for  catalog. 

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Rambler  Model  147.  Original  Price  $1750. 

SPECIAL  OFFER 
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Canadian  Pacific 
Offers  YOU  Farm 

in  Sunny  Alberta,  Near 
Existing  Railway  Lines 

The  last  chance  for  a  first  selection  of 
low-priced  land  in  Central  Alherta,  near 
existing  railway  lines.  Thousands  of  home 
seekers  and  shrewd  investors  have  snapped 
up  all  the  former  tracts  offered  by  the  Can¬ 
adian  Pacific  Railway.  This  new  one  just 
now  opened  is  your  best  chance.  Here  you’ll 
find  American  neighbors— 400,000  acres  in  this 
district  were  bought  by  American  home  seek¬ 
ers  during  1910.  Now  we  offer  2,000,000  ad¬ 
ditional  acres — the  pick  of  the  Province,  the 
finest  wheat  land  on  the  continent — where 
farms  are  often  paid  for  with  one  season’s 
crops — where  climate,  soil,  transportation 
and  markets  combine  to  build  fortunes  fast. 
The  eyes  of  the  world  are  on  this  country. 
Yet  right  here  by  the  railroad,  among  neigh¬ 
bors,  where  good  roads,  schools  and  all 
sound  social  conditions  are  established,  we 
offer  you  a  farm  at  $12  to  $25  an  Acre. 

Three  Ways  of  Buying 
Your  Farm — at  your  Option 

FOR  INVESTMENT  -  One-sixth  cash, 
balance  in  five  equal  annual  installments. 

DEVELOPMENT  BY  SETTLER  — One- 
tenth  cash,  balance  in  nine  equal  annual 
installments. 

CROP  PAYMENT  PLAN— In  partnership 
with  Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  one-tenth 
cash,  balance  by  crop  payment — NO  CROP— 
NO  PAY.  - 


Think  of  it!  Such  an  offer  of  the  choicest 
of  “The  Last  Best  West.’’  The  gate  is  un¬ 
locked  to  the  best  great  tract  of  virgin  land 
in  Sunny  Alberta.  Districts  previously  sold 
are  making  fortunes  for  American  farmers 
who  realize  that  Western  Canada  is  the 
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Address 

J.  S.  Dennis,  Manager,  Alberta  Land  Dept., 

CANADIAN  PACIFIC  RAILWAY 

342  9th  Ave.,  West,  Calgary,  Alberta,  Can. 


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6«6 


June  10, 


DEVELOPMENT  OF  YOUNG  OPOSSUMS. 

I  see  The  It.  N.-Y.  is  able  to  answer 
questions.  The  information  that  I  want 
is  full  particulars  of  just  how  an  opposum 
breeds,  and  how  they  get  their  young  in 
that  pocket.  Some  time  ago  a  friend  of 
mine  happened  to  kill  an  opossum,  and  on 
examining  we  found  five  little  opossums 
not  over  half  an  inch  long  sticking  on 
the  teats  just  as  if  they  had  grown  there, 
jnst  as  an  apple  grows  on  a  tree.  How 
do  they  get  there  at  such  an  age  unless 
they  grow  there?  J.  S. 

Winslow,  N.  J. 

The  young  opossum  follows  the  line  of 
development  of  the  young  of  the  mar¬ 
supials  generally.  Like  other  members 
of  the  family,  the  opossum  is  placenta¬ 
less,  and  hence  the  young  opossum  is  re¬ 
tained  within  the  body  of  the  mother 
for  a  comparatively  short  period,  for 
from  24  to  28  days,  when  it  is  expelled 
from  the  uterine  cavity.  Born  in  this 
very  early  stage  of  development,  the 
young  are  immediately  taken  between 
the  lips  of  the  mother  and  placed  in  the 
external  abdominal  pouch,  where  they 
soon  attach  themselves  to  the  teats,  be¬ 
ing  perhaps  aided  to  some  extent  by  the 
mother,  and  remain  there  for  a  long 
period.  In  three  or  four  weeks  the  young 
have  attained  the  size  of  mice,  but  dq 
not  leave  the  pouch  finally  until  after 
some  two  months  of  sucking.  The  num¬ 
ber  of  young  vary  from  six  or  seven  to 
11  or,  possibly,  occasionally  even  more, 
as  there  are  13  teats.  It  is  possible  that 
the  transferance  of  the  young  by  the 
lips  of  the  female  to  the  external  pouch 
has  given  rise  to  the  curious  idea  preva¬ 
lent  over  much  of  the  South  that  the 
young  are  born  attached  to  the  nipples. 
It  is  interesting  to  know  that  the  same 
idea  prevails  in  Australia  in  regard  to 
the  kangaroo.  So  weak  and  helpless 
are  the  young  when  born  that  the  mam¬ 
mary  glands  of  the  female  are  provided 
with  specially  developed  muscles  by  the 
contraction  of  which  milk  is  injected 
into  the  mouths  of  the  young,  which  at 
first  are  incapable  of  sucking.  The  fact 
that  the  opossum  is  so  nocturnal  ex¬ 
plains  why  so  few  observations  have 
been  made  on  their  breeding  habits. 

H.  W.  HENSHAW. 

Chief,  Biological  Survey. 

Is  Wife  Beating  Legal  ? 

R.  F.  M.,  Mississippi. — Some  time  ago  I 
read  an  item  in  a  newspaper  saying  that 
a  wife  had  prosecuted  her  husband  for  as¬ 
sault  and  battery  and  that  the  court  had 
decided  against  her,  “saying  that  a  hus¬ 
band  has  the  legal  right  to  beat  his  wife.” 
The  case  was  then  taken  on  appeal  to  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  and 
the  decision  of  the  lower  court  affirmed, 
two  or  more  of  the  justices  dissenting.  If 
this  be  true  I  pity  the  wives  of  this  na¬ 
tion  who  are  tied  to  brutal  husbands.  I 
would  look  for  such  a  decision  from  an 
ignorant  negro  justice  of  the  peace,  but 
from  the  court  from  which  there  is  no 
appeal  it  is  shocking,  brutally  shocking  to 
think  of.  The  item  states  that  one  of  the 
dissenting  judges  was  Justice  Hughes.  I 
have  always  been  in  favor  of  giving  woman 
the  ballot,  and  am  more  in  favor  of  it 
now  if  this  be  true.  In  ante-bellum  days 
I  punished  our  “brother  in  black”  for  this 
very  crime. 

Ans. — We  believe  this  is  a  fake.  We  can 
find  nothing  along  this  line.  There  has 
certainly  been  no  such  case  before  the 
Supreme  Court  since  last  October,  when 
Mr.  Justice  Hughes  entered  the  Su¬ 
preme  Court.  He  has  never  before  been 
Justice  in  any  other  court. 

Buckwheat  on  Fallow  Land. 

Would  buckwheat  make  a  crop  to  turn 
under  as  green  manure,  on  a  piece  of 
ground  that  has  not  been  plowed  in  20 
years?  Some  people  tell  me  that  the  buck¬ 
wheat  will  poison  the  ground.  m.  f. 

Bethel,  Conn. 

Yes,  buckwheat  is  often  used  as  a  green 
manure.  It  grows  rapidly  and  will  do  well 
on  poor  ground.  Those  asparagus  growers 
at  Concord,  Mass.,  used  buckwheat  to  get 
that  poor  soil  started.  Any  green  crop  if 
plowed  under  while  full  of  sap  may  sour 
the  ground,  but  this  is  overcome  by  using 
lime. 


This  has  been  a  very  dry  and  windy 
Spring ;  prospects  for  wheat  and  oats  are 
poor,  but  the  first  cutting  of  Alfalfa  is  be¬ 
ing  cared  for  in  fine  shape.  Fruit  will 
not  be  a  very  big  crop  this  year,  owing  to 
the  weather  being  dry  last  Fall  and  this 
Spring,  except  cherries ;  they  are  heavily 
loaded.  Apples  about  one-fourth  crop, 
peaches  none  and  no  berries.  j.  f.  f. 

Haysville,  Kan. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


A  SIDE  DELIVERY  HAY  RAKE. 

We  have  a  reader  in  New  Jersey  who 
wants  to  know  something  about  the  real 
value  of  a  side  delivery  rake.  Will  it  pay 
him  to  buy  such  a  rake  when  he  does  not 
own  a  hay  loader,  and  depends  upon  the 
side  delivery  for  all  kinds  of  raking? 

The  farmer  who  can  afford  but  one  hay- 
rake  should  purchase  the  Standard  rake, 
self-dumping.  Such  a  rake  can  be  used  for 
all  general  raking  purposes.  The  side  de¬ 
livery  rake  has  its  place,  still  it  is  a  special 
purpose  implement.  For  second  raking,  rak¬ 
ing  stubble  or  potato  vines,  etv.,  it  has  no 
value.  If  used  in  connection  with  a  hay 
loader  it  has  the  standard  rake  beaten  at 
every  point.  T.  e.  martin. 

Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y. 

I  think  it  would  be  best  for  your  New 
Jersey  reader  to  get  an  ordinary  dump 
rake.  But  one  or  two  side  delivery  rakes 
have  been  tried  in  this  locality,  and  farmers 
did  not  take  kindly  to  them.  One  fault 
was  skidding  or  slipping  sideways,  especial¬ 
ly  when  finishing  the  windrows ;  this  could 
be  avoided  by  having  a  flange  on  the  wheels. 
The  only  advantage  is  that  the  hay  is  not 
tangled  as  much  as  with  dump  rakes,  and 
for  that  reason  they  are  often  used  to 
precede  hay  loaders.  If  the  inquirer  has 
large,  smooth  hayfields,  and  harvests  lots 
of  hay,  side  delivery  rakes  and  bay  loaders 
may  be  just  what  he  needs,  but  so  far  as 
we  here  are  concerned,  producing  hay  in¬ 
cidentally,  we  find  that  a  good  five-foot 
mower,  a  sulky  or  revolving  hayrake  and 
a  hay  fork  make  a  very  dependable  haying 
outfit.  w.  e.  n. 

Hillsboro,  O. 

I  have  never  owned  one.  The  cost  has 
kept  me  from  making  very  diligent  inquiry 
about  them.  But  if  not  already  equipped 
with  a  steel  dump  rake,  I  would  certainly 
think  seriously  about  purchasing  one.  With 
a  dump  or  rolling  rake  the  bay  is  pressed 
together  in  the  gathering,  which  retards 
curing,  and  if  it  gets  wet  it  requires  some 
skill  and  muscle  to  scatter  it  again.  The 
side  delivery  rake  throws  two  swaths 
against  the  third  between  them,  and  lifts 
the  hay  out  of  the  swath  and  tends  to  tear 
it  to  pieces  rather  than  press  it  together 
as  done  by  other  rakes.  If  to  be  handled 
by  a  loader  it  will  certainly  load  better 
after  a  side  delivery  rake  than  after  the 
dump  rakes.  It  will  distribute  in  better 
form  on  the  wagon,  because  it  takes  it  up 
more  regularly.  It  can  be  loaded  by  hand 
forking  by  following  the  windrows  just  as 
well  after  the  side  delivery  rake  as  any 
other  kind  of  rake.  It  is  much  more  easy 
to  make  an  even-sized  windrow  with  a  side 
delivery  than  any  other  rake,  hence  more 
desirable  to  use  in  advance  of  a  loader. 
Doubtless  the  desire  to  make  the  hay  loader 
more  efficient  has  been  a  strong  factor  in 
bringing  the  side  delivery  rake  Into  use. 

Ross  Co.,  O.  JOHN  M.  JAMISON. 

I  believe  that  the  New  Jersey  inquirer 
Will  make  no  mistakes  in  availing  himself 
of  its  use,  provided  he  has  the  amount  of 
work  the  side  delivery  rake  is  adapted  to 
perform.  Although  I  have  no  practical 
Knowledge  of  its  usefulness,  the  testimony 
of  others  of  experience  is  well  worth  con¬ 
sidering.  A  near  neighbor,  an  extensive, 
practical  and  successful  farmer,  is  very  en¬ 
thusiastic  in  its  praise,  not  only  as  a  rake, 
but  its  combination  with  the  loader  as  well. 
When  asked  regarding  its  use  as  a  labor 
saver  his  reply  was  that  he  would  “as  soon 
think  of  doing  without  the  binder also 
that  he  was  enabled  to  secure  his  hay  crop 
with  a  saving  of  one-half  the  expense  as 
compared  with  former  methods.  Seemingly 
a  broad  statement,  but  its  truthfulness 
certainly  cannot  be  questioned.  Regarding 
its  use  in  the  absence  of  the  loader,  he  at 
once  replied  that  he  believed  it  an  improve¬ 
ment  over  former  methods  of  doing  the  work 
as  it  not  only  left  the  hay  in  condition  con¬ 
venient  for  loading  on  the  wagon,  or  fork¬ 
ing  into  cocks,  but  in  its  operation  the 
results  were  similar  to  that  by  use  of  the 
hay  tedder.  My  informant  as  well  as  other 
farmers  has  successfully  used  these  rakes 
in  the  harvest  of  beans;  the  work  of  fork¬ 
ing  them  into  gavels  by  those  following  the 
bean  harvester,  is  now  rapidly  performed 
and  gathered  into  windrows  with  these  side 
delivery  rakes  convenient  for  loading.  While 
considering  this  subject  it  had  seemed  that 
perfection  had  nearly  or  quite  been  reached 
in  the  construction  of  tools  designed  for 
securing  the  hay  crop,  but  the  above 
illustrates  the  fact  that  inventive  genius 
is  interested  in  developing  agricultural  art 
as  well  as  in  other  industrial  pursuits. 

Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y.  irving  d.  cook. 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE. 

The  White  Star  Line  made  a  profit  of 
$5,000,000  during  1910. 

During  the  10  months  ending  April  30, 
the  value  of  our  imports  was  $1,274,600,000. 
The  largest  single  item  was  coffee,  $76,100,- 
000.  Sugar,  crude  rubber,  silk  and  hides 
came  next  in  order,  the  last  named  being 
$57,000,000.  Other  items  were:  Tea.  $15,- 
400,000  ;  wool,  $19,800,000  :  cheese,  $6,500.- 
000;  leaf  tobacco,  $21,600,000;  cotton,  $21,- 
200.000;  iron  ore,  $5,600,000;  books.  $5,- 
100,000;  bar  tin,  $33,400,000;  diamonds, 
$28,200,000. 

Since  January  1  over  $990,000,000  in 
new  securities  have  been  issued  in  this 
country.  About  $700,000,000  have  been  in 
railroad  paper,  and  the  remainder  various 
manufacturing  and  industrial  stocks.  The 
two  heaviest  items  were  $30,000,000  Chi¬ 
cago  Elevated  Railway  and  $25,000,000 
Oregon- Washington  Railroad  and  Naviga¬ 
tion  Co.  London  took  $12,500,000  of  the 
last  named  an  hour  after  they  were  of¬ 
fered. 

Well  Whaled  Island.— The  Melbourne 
(Australia)  Leader  tells  of  the  stranding 
of  37  large  whales  on  Perkins  Islands.  A 
very  high  tide  had  evidently  brought  them 
in,  as  they  were  300  feet  up  on  the 
beach.  Such  a  tragedy  on  Long  Island  or 
off  the  Massachusetts  coast  would  be  en¬ 


thusiastically  welcomed  by  numerous  re¬ 
tired  sea  captains  and  others  who  know 
how  to  cut  up  and  try  ont  whale  blubber, 
but  no  such  facilities  were  on  hand  there. 
As  the  whales  had  lain  in  the  tropical  sun 
for  10  days  the  odor  was  frightful. 

Bean  dealers  in  New  York  City  have 
formed  an  association  to  put  the  trade  on  a 
better  business  basis.  Following  are  some 
of  the  more  important  rules  adopted  for 
grading  and  shipment. 

“Choice  hand-picked  pea  beans  must  be 
bright  of  the  crop,  sound,  dry,  well  screened, 
and  not  contain  more  than  1  %  per  cent 
of  foreign  matter,  discolored  and  split 
beans,  and  not  more  than  5  per  cent  of 
medium  beans. 

“Prime  hand-picked  pea  beans  must  be 
bright  of  the  crop,  sound,  dry,  well  screened 
and  not  contain  more  than  3  per  cent  of 
foreign  matter,  discolored  and  split  beans, 
and  not  more  than  10  per  cent  of  medium 
beans. 

“Choice  band-picked  medium  beaus  must 
be  bright  of  the  crop,  sound,  dry,  well 

screened  and  not  contain  more  than  1  ^2 

per  cent  of  foreign  matter,  discolored  and 
split  beans,  and  not  more  than  5  per  cent 
of  pea  and  small  marrow  beans. 

“Prime  hand-picked  medium  beans  must 
be  bright  of  the  crop,  sound,  dry,  well 

screened  and  not  contain  more  than  3  per 
cent  of  foreign  matter,  discolored  and  split 
beans,  and  not  more  than  10  per  cent  of 
pea  and  small  marrow  beans. 

“Choice  hand-picked  white  marrow  beans 
must  be  bright  of  the  crop,  sound,  dry,  well 
screened  and  not  contain  more  than  IV2 

per  cent  of  foreign  matter,  discolored  and 
split  beans,  and  not  more  than  5  per  cent 
of  medium  beans. 

“Prime  hand-picked  white  marrow  beans 
must  be  bright  of  the  crop,  sound,  dry, 
well  screened  and  not  contain  more  than 
2%  per  cent  of  foreign  matter,  discolored 
and  split  beans,  and  not  more  than  10  per 
cent  of  medium  beans. 

“Choice  hand-picked  white  kidney  beans 
must  be  bright  of  the  crop,  sound,  dry,  well 
screened  and  not  contain  more  than  1  Mi 
per  cent  of  foreign  matter,  discolored  and 
split  beans,  and  not  more  than  2  per  cent 
of  other  white  beans. 

“Choice  hand-picked  yellow  eye  beans 
must  be  improved,  bright  of  the  crop,  sound, 
dry,  well  screened  and  not  contain  more 
than  1%  per  cent  of  foreign  matter,  dis¬ 
colored  and  split  beans,  and  not  more  than 
5  per  cent  of  white  beans. 

“Choice  hand-picked  red  kidney  beans 
must  be  bright  of  the  crop,  light  red  in 
color,  sound,  dry,  well  screened  and  must 
not  contain  more  than  1%  per  cent  of 
foreign  matter,  discolored  and  split  beans, 
and  not  more  than  1  %  per  cent  of  sports 
and  blue  beans. 

“Prime  hand-picked  red  kidney  beans 
must  he  bright  of  the  crop,  light  red  in 
color,  sound,  dry,  well  screened  and  not 
contain  more  than  3  per  cent  of  foreign 
matter,  discolored  and  split  beans,  and  not 
more  than  3  per  cent  of  sports  and  blue 
beans. 

“Choice  hand-picked  red  marrow  beans 
must  be  bright  of  the  crop,  light  red  in 
color,  sound,  dry.  well  screened  and  not 
contain  more  than  2  per  cent  of  foreign 
matter,  discolored,  split,  sports  and  blue 
beans. 

Prime  hand-picked  red  marrow  beans  must 
be  bright  of  the  crop,  light  red  in  color, 
sound,  dry,  well  screened,  and  not  contain 
more  than  4  per  cent  of  foreign  matter, 
discolored,  split,  sports  and  blue  beans.” 

A  carload  of  beans  unless  otherwise 
noted,  is  considered  to  be  20  tons,  in  new 
burlap  bags  containing  100  pounds  net. 
Standard  hags  may  be  made  of  14  or  16 
ounce  burlap  cut  42x36  inches. 


BOOKS 

WORTH  BUYING 


American  Fruit  Culturist,  Thomas. ...  $2.50 

Bush  Fruits,  Card .  1.50 

Principles  of  Fruit  Growing,  Bailey.  .  1.50 
Successful  Fruit  Culture,  Maynard....  1.00 

Dwarf  Fruit  Trees,  Waugh . 50 

Plums  and  Plum  Culture,  Waugh....  1.50 

Pruning  Book,  Bailey .  1.50 

Nursery  Book.  Bailey .  1.50 

Spraying  of  Plants,  Lodeman .  1.25 

Plant  Breeding,  Bailey .  1.25 

Evolution  of  Our  Native  Fruits,  Bailey  2.00 

Survival  of  The  Unlike,  Bailey .  2.00 

Horticulturists’  Rule  Book,  Bailey . 75 

The  Soil,  King .  1-50 

Soils,  Hilgard  .  4.00 

Fertility  of  the  Land,  Roberts .  1.50 

Irrigation  and  Drainage,  King .  1.50 

Fertilizers,  Voorhees  .  1.25 

Agriculture  and  Chemistry,  Storer,  3 
vols . 5.00 


Forage  Crops,  Voorhees .  1.50 

Principles  of  Agriculture,  Bailey .  1.25 

Garden  Making,  Bailey .  1.50 

Vegetable  Gardening,  Bailey .  1.50 

Forcing  Book,  Bailey .  1.25 

How  Crops  Grow,  Johnson .  1.50 

How  Crops  Feed,  Johnson .  1.50 

Cereals  in  America,  Hunt .  1.75 

Fo-ige  and  Fiber  Crops  in  America, 

Hunt  .’ . 1.75 

Book  of  Alfalfa,  Coburn .  2.00 

Farm  Grasses  in  United  States,  Spill¬ 
man  . 1.00 

Clovers  and  How  to  Grow  Them,  Shaw  1.00 

The  Potato.  Fraser  . 75 

Tomato  Culture,  Tracy . 50 

Celery  Culture,  Beattie . 50 

Bean  Culture,  Sevey . 50 

Asparagus.  Hexamer  . 50 

Mushrooms,  Falconer  .  1.00 

New  Rhubarb,  Culture,  Morse . 50 

Greenhouse  Construction,  Taft .  1.50 

Greenhouse  Management.  Taft .  1.50 

Chrysanthemum  Culture,  Herrington  .  .  .50 

Plant  Culture,  Oliver .  1.50 

The  Rose,  Kingsley .  2.00 

Landscape  Gardening,  Waugh . 50 

IIow  to  Plan  the  Home  Grounds,  Par¬ 
sons  .  1.00 

Ornamental  Gardening,  Long .  1.50 

The  Small  Country  Place,  Maynard..  1.50 
Hedges,  Windbreaks  and  Shelters, 

Powell  . 50 

A  B  C  of  Bee  Culture,  Root .  1.50 

Our  Insect  Friends  and  Enemies,  Smith  1.50 

Economic  Entomology,  Smith .  2.50 

Vinegar  and  Acetates,  Brannt .  5.00 

Feeds  and  Feedings.  Henry .  2.25 

Feeding  of  Animals,  Jordan .  1.50 

Feeding  Farm  Animals,  Shaw .  2.00 

Tvpes  and  Breeds  of  Farm  Animals, 

Plumb  .  2.00 

Principles  of  Breeding,  Davenport.  .  .  .  2.50 

Animal  Breeding.  Shaw .  1.50 

The  Study  of  Breeds,  Shaw .  1.50 

Milk  and  Its  Products,  Wing .  1.50 

Milk  Testing.  Van  Slyke . 75 

Practical  Farming,  McLennan .  1.50 

Diseases  of  Animals,  Mayo .  1.50 

Farmer’s  Veterinary  Adviser.  Law....  3.00 

The  Horse,  Roberts .  1.25 

liens  for  Profit.  Valentine .  1.50 

Swine  in  America.  Coburn .  2.50 

Sheep  Farming,  Wing .  1.00 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

409  PEARL  ST.,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


Conditioned 
L  Cows 


Help  out  your  pasture  shortage 
with  Dried  Beet  Pulp 


EVEN  though  the  season  is  dry,  you  can  make  your 
pasture  last  through  the  summer.  When  your 
neighbors  are  buying  feed  for  their  cattle  you  can 
still  have  good  green  pasture.  Conservation — that  is 
the  way  to  avoid  expensive  feeding;  bills — and  include 
Dried  Beet  Pulp  in  your  feeding  ration.  You  will  most 
likely  ge*  more  milk,  too — certainly  just  as  much— and 
at  reduced  feeding  cost.  Your  cows  need  be  on  pasture 
only  half  time.  Just  mix  one  to  three  pounds  of  Dried 

Beet  Pulp  in  the  ration  and  then  watch  your  milk  records  _ 

grow.  If  you  put  your  cows  on  pasture  too  early — before  the 
grass  had  its  full  growth — before  the  ground  became  firm — so  that 
your  cows  really  destroyed  'more  pasture  than  they  ate,  Dried  Beet 
Pulp  will  get  you  on  good  feeding  basis  again. 

Feed  Dried  Beet  Pulp  the  same  as  you  would  roots 
and  you  will  be  repaid  in  more  milk  and  better 
conditioned  cows. 

Dried  Beet  Pulp  is  just  the 
pulp  of  the  sugar  beet  after 
the  sugar  has  been  extracted 
— but  all  the  tender  nutritious 
substance  retained.  It  is  a 
succulent  feed  that  the  cows 
like.  It  provides  the  bulk  the  cows 
need  —  lightens  the  grain  ration — 
makes  it  easier  of  digestion,  increases 
the  flow  of  milk,  keeps  the  bowels  and 
kidneys  in  good  order. 

Test  out  and  prove  this  to  your  own  satis 
faction.  If  you  don’t  find  this  true, 
it  won’t  cost  you  a  cent  under  our 

Guaranty. 


The  Larrowe  Milling  Co. 

Box  601,  Ford  Bldg. 

Detroit,  Mich. 


We  stand  on 

this  Guaranty 


We  guarantee  that  any  sack  of  our 
Dried  Beet  Pulp  bought  for  trial,  either 
direct  from  us  or  through  a  dealer,  will 
prove  satisfactory  to  the  buyer  or  we  will 
refund  the  purchase  price. 

Larger  quantities  can  be  bought  with  the  privilege 
of  trying  one  sack  and  if  found  unsatisfactory,  the  entire 
purchase  price  will  be  refunded  if  the  unused  portion  is 
shipped  in  accordance  with  instructions  to  be  received  from  us. 


1911. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


667 


A  SHOWER  AFTER  SPRAYING. 

When  spraying  apple  trees  with  poison 
what  would  you  do  after  a  heavy  shower? 
Go  back  and  spray  over? 

I  consider  that  our  work  in  spraying 
is  perfectly  safe  from  thunderstorms,  if 
there  has  been  time  enough  for  the  spray 
to  dry  thoroughly  before  the  storm, 
came  on.  Should  a  heavy  storm  cornu 
on  right  when  we  were  at  work  and  be¬ 
fore  the  spray  got  set,  we  might  go  back 
over  the  work  for  a  little  way  back,  but 
I  don't  believe  I  would  do  even  this  until 
I  had  finished  the  iob  laid  out,  then  I 
might  go  back  and  patch  up  that  spot 
that  had  not  dried  at  the  time  of  the 
storm.  When  the  work  once  gets 
thoroughly  dry  one  may  have  no  fears 
from  storms;  at  least  this  is  my  ex¬ 
perience,  and  I  think  the  same  of  others 
in  this  section. 

New  York.  h.  l.  brown. 

The  question  of  repeating  the  spraying 
after  a  heavy  shower  or  storm  would  de¬ 
pend  entirely  upon  what  material  was 
used  in  spraying.  If  Paris  green  was 
used  it  would  undoubtedly  wash  off.  My 
own  experience  is  to  spray  when  the 
leaves  are  dry  and  on  a  clear  day  if 
possible.  If  I  can  get  one-half  hour  sun 
on  it  I  would  not  even  think  of  re¬ 
peating  the  spraying  if  it  should  rain 
hard  for  48  hours ;  it  is  simply  im¬ 
possible  to  get  it  off  when  once  dry. 

I  believe  when  one  goes  to  the  expense 
and  trouble  of  spraying  it  is  economy  to 
use  the  very  best  material  on  the  mar¬ 
ket;  even  if  it  costs  a  little  more  to 
start  with  it  is  very  often  the  cheapest 
in  the  end.  Even  if  I  had  used  arsenate 
of  lead  alone  and  it  had  time  to  dry  I 
would  not  repeat  the  spraying,  but 
finish  the  unsprayed  part  of  the  or¬ 
chard.  JOHN  H.  BARCLAY. 

New  Jersey. 

We  would  not  think  any  harm  was 
done  by  a  shower  if  the  trees  had  30 
minutes  to  dry  before  the  rain  com¬ 
menced  to  fall.  Ordinary  seasons  we 
would  not  spray  in  the  face  of  a 
shower;  if  the  trees  were  not  drenched 
they  dry  very  quickly,  and  once  dry  the 
poison  does  not  wash  off  easily.  Ofv 
course  we  have  had  catchy  seasons 
when  we  have  had  great  difficulty  in 
getting  the  trees  sprayed  .at  all,  at  the 
right  time,  but  then  it  is  all  the  more 
necessary  to  go  ahead  when  we  can. 
and  I  may  say  that  we  never  go  back 
even  if  the  rain  drives  us  off  while  we 
are  spraying.  floyd  q.  white. 

Those  N.  Y.  Central  Experiment  Farms. 

C.  J.  C.,  Fairport,  N.  Y. — Some  time  ago 
I  read  in  your  paper  that  the  New  York 
Central  was  to  start  an  experimental  po¬ 
tato  farm.  We  were  supposed  to  hear  from 
this  farm  from  time  to  time  as  to  how  they 
got  along.  If,  during  the  past  two  years, 
potatoes  had  been  high  and  the  farm  had 
paid  large  dividends,  I  think  we  would 
know  all  about  it.  As  It  is,  they  have  been 
cheap  and  potato  growers  have  been  for¬ 
tunate  to  keep  even  with  the  world  for  the 
last  two  years.  In  order  to  be  perfectly 
fair  with  us,  should  we  not  know  how  they 
came  out  even  though  the  dividends  are 
not  so  very  large? 

Ans. — Let  us  be  fair  to  the  railroad 
as  well  as  everything  else.  These  farms 
are  very  poor.  They  are  low  and  wet, 
not  adapted  to  potato  growing  until  they 
are  thoroughly  drained.  At  this  time  a 
power  traction  is  at  work  cutting  ditches 
and  putting  in  tile.  It  will  probably  be 
two  years  before  a  fair  crop  of  potatoes 
can  be  expected.  One  object  in  buying 
these  farms  was  to  demonstrate  if  pos¬ 
sible  that  capital  invested  in  these  poor, 
wet  lands  will  pay.  Thus  the  experi¬ 
ment  is  for  the  well-to-do  rather  than 
the  farmer  without  capital. 

Planting  Potatoes  Eye  Down. 

T.  II.  R.,  Henderson ,  M d. — Does  it  make 
any  difference  in  planting  potatoes,  whether 
the  eyes  of  the  seed  pieces  are  turned  up 
or  down,  or  whether  they  are  left  the  way 
they  chance  to  fall?  Some  of  the  farmers 
around  here  claim  there  is  a  big  difference 
In  time  of  coming  up  and  in  the  potato 
crop. 

Ans. — Naturally  it  makes  some  dif¬ 
ference  if  the  sprouts  must  turn  up 


around  the  seed  piece  instead  of  growing 
straight  up.  It  will  take  two  to  five 
days  longer  to  get  above  ground — de¬ 
pending  on  the  soil  and  the  weather. 
There  is  not  enough  difference  under 
ordinary  conditions  to  make  it  pay  to 
turn  all  seed  pieces  over  in  field  culture. 
Of  course  this  could  not  be  done  where 
a  planter  is  used.  When  planting  by 
hand  we  should  try  to  have  all  seed 
pieces  dropped  cut  side  down. 

AN  IMPROVISED  WINDMILL. 

.  I  saw  in  some  paper  an  improvised 
windmill  or  wheel,  something  like  the 
accompanying  sketch.  It  was  built  on 
the  fashion  of  a  paddle  wheel,  with  the 
lower  half  protected  from  the  wind  in 
a  box-like  inclosure,  the  upper  half  ex¬ 
tended  in  open  air  to  catch  the  wind. 


Do  you  know  whether  this  scheme  is 
practicable  for  pumps,  feedmills  or 
other  farm  purposes,  and  can  you  give 


any  basis  for  figuring  the  power  for 
such  a  mill?  e.  f.  d. 

Owensboro,  Ky. 

R.  N.-Y. — About  10  years  ago  we 
had  a  full  discussion  of  these  mills,  with 
pictures  showing  how  they  were  usually 
made.  They  were  called  “jumbo”  or  “go- 
devil,”  and  were  chiefly  located  on  the 
arid  or  dry  lands  of  the  Western  States. 
The  State  Geoloigst  of  Nebraska  issued 
a  good  bulletin  about  them.  They  work¬ 
ed  fairly  well  as  makeshifts,  but  cannot 
be  compared  with  the  modern  wind¬ 
mills  for  efficiency. 


“Why  do  you  call  your  place  a  bunga¬ 
low?”  “Because  the  job  is  a  bungle,  and 
I  still  owe  for  it.” — Judge. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

BUSINESS  WOMEN. 

A  Lunch  Fit  For  a  King. 

An  active  and  successful  young  lady 
tells  her  food  experience : 

“Some  years  ago  I  suffered  from  ner¬ 
vous  prostration,  induced  by  continuous 
brain  strain  and  improper  food,  added  to 
a  great  grief. 

“I  was  ordered  to  give  up  my  work,  as 
there  was  great  danger  of  my  mind  fail¬ 
ing  me  altogether.  My  stomach  was  in 
bad  condition  (nervous  dyspepsia,  I  think 
now)  and  when  Grape-Nuts  food  was 
recommended  to  me,  I  had  no  faith  in  it. 
However,  I  tried  it,  and  soon  there  was  a 
marked  improvement  in  my  condition. 

“I  had  been  troubled  with  faint  spells, 
and  had  used  a  stimulant  to  revive  me. 
I  found  that  by  eating  Grape-Nuts  at 
such  times  I  was  relieved  and  suffered 
no  bad  effects,  which  was  a  great  gain. 
As  to  my  other  troubles — nervous  pros¬ 
tration,  dyspepsia,  etc. — on  the  Grape- 
Nuts  diet  they  soon  disappeared. 

“I  wish  especially  to  call  the  attention 
of  office  girls  to  the  great  benefit  I  de¬ 
rived  from  the  use  of  Grape-Nuts  as  a 
noon  luncheon.  I  was  thoroughly  tired 
of  cheap  restaurants  and  ordinary  lunch¬ 
es,  and  so  made  the  experiment  of  taking 
a  package  of  Grape-Nuts  food  with  me, 
and  then  slipping  out  at  noon  and  getting 
a  nickel’s  worth  of  sweet  cream  to  add 
to  it. 

“I  found  that  this  simple  dish,  finished 
off  with  an  apple,  peach,  orange,  or  a 
bunch  of  grapes  made  a  lunch  fit  for  a 
king,  and  one  that  agreed  with  me  per¬ 
fectly. 

“I  throve  so  on  my  Grape-Nuts  diet 
that  I  did  not  have  to  give  up  my  work 
at  all,  and  in  the  two  years  have  had  only 
four  lost  days  charged  up  against  me. 

“Let  me  add  that  your  suggestions  in 
the  little  book,  ‘Road  to  Wellville,’  are, 
in  my  opinion,  invaluable,  especially  to 
women.”  Name  given  by  Postum  Co., 
Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

Read  “The  Road  to  Wellville”  in  pkgs. 

“There’s  a  Reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


Write  Today 


We  want  every  farmer  in  the  land  to  have 
our  attractive  Free  Booklet  on  hay  loaders. 

It’s  full  of  interesting  facts  and  illustrations. 

It  shows  plainly  why  the  simple,  light  run¬ 
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est  to  buy,  the  easiest  to  operate,  the  most 
durable  and  altogether  the  most  satisfactory 
loader  for  heavy  hay,  windrows,  light  hay, 
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It’s  the  loader  that  can  be  depended  upon 
every  hour  during  the  haying  season.  “  No 
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HAY  UNLOADER 

UNLOAD  YOUR  HAY  WITH 
THIS  HOIST  AND  ENGINE 

1 1  can  l.c  (lone  in  one 
third  thetime  usual¬ 
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one  man  and  team. 
Operated  from  load. 
Made  in  single  or 
do  u  l> I  e  d  r  u  m  . 

Capacity  1,800  ll>s. 
Fully  guaranteed. 
When  writing  give 
H.  1*.  and  diameter 
of  engine  pulleys. 
Redden  Bros.  Mfgs. 
Norwich,  N .  Y. 


Hay  Unloader 

This  Hoist  is  designed  to 
meet  t lie  needs  of  fanners 
"’ho  have  Gas  or  Steam 
Power,  and  is  of  especial 
interest  for  their  use  in  un¬ 
loading  hay  and  grain,  and 
in  idling  tho  ice  house  and 
storing  feed,  etc.  Write  for 
full  particulars  and  price. 

John  Farrell.  Newton,  N.  J 


IRELAND 
HAY  HOIST 

GEARED 

Saves  one  man 
and  team.  Man 
on  load  operates 
machine  by  pull¬ 
ing  a  small  rope 
attached  to  lever 
whenever  he  has  the  fork 
or  sling  full,  ready  to 
hoist.  The  machine  stops 
instantly  when  he  releases  lever  rope,  drop- 

ping  load  nt  any  point.  Only  3  H.  P.  gasoline  engine  requir- 
od.  rakes  off  a  load  of  hay,  ico  or  anything  that  has  to  bo 
elevated  to  a  height,  quicker  and  easier  than  any  machine  on 
the  market. 

WRITE  TODAY  FOR  FULL  PARTICULARS  about  Single 
Drum.  Dotible  Drum  and  Self  Acting  Brake.  Give  speed 
of  engine  and  size  of  drive  pulley. 


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1S00  Lbs, 


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14  State  Street,  Norwich,  N.  Y. 


HAY 

CAPS 


Stack,  Implement,  Wagon 
and  Farm  Covers,  Water¬ 
proof  or  Plain  Canvas. 
Plant  Bed  Cloth. 
Waterproot  Sheeting,  Tents,  etc. 
Henry  Derby,  123-Y  Chambers  St.,  NewYork 


PORTER 

HAY  CARRIER 

Has  wide  open  mouth  and 
swinging  fork  pulley.  Fills 
hay  mow  full  to  the  roof.  Is 
without  exception  best  hay 
carrier  in  the  United  States. 

We  also  make  Litter  Carriers, 
Steel  Stalls  and  Cattle  Stanchions. 
Send  for  Catalogue 
J.  E.  PORTER  CO„  OTTAWA,  ILL. 


“CUTAWAY 

TOOLS 


ore  the  results  of 
George  M.  Clark's 
20  years'  experience 


with  grass  growing  and  hay-tool  making. 
The  original  “Cutaways”  are  great  labor 
savers  as  well  as  big  crop  makers.  Send 
today  for  our  new  booklet  “Intensive 
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CUTAWAY  HARROW  CO. 

8.19  Main  St.  Higganum,  Conn, 


MARKET  GARDENERS’  PAPER 


Weekly  Market  Growers  Journal — only  paper 
printed  especially  for  vegetable  growers.  $1.00  a 
year,  52  issues.  For  10  c.ents  and  names  of  three 
market  gardeners  we  will  send  it  ten  weeks.  Send 
for  fiee  samples  copies — it  is  the  best  way  to  judge. 
Market  Growers  Journal,  541  Walker  Bldg . ,  Louisville,  Ky. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


The 
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YOU  Want 

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Automatic  relief  spring  clutch  takes  up  all  strain 
in  heavy  charges;  smooth  and  silent  action— no 
i;lr — no  jerks.  Speed  up  to  3  5  strokes  per  minute. 
The  only  Press  made  with  Automatic  Block  Drop 
per— controlled  by  foot  button — gives  you  free  use 
of  both  hands — prevents  accident  or  injury  to  oper¬ 
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Capacity  Practically  Unlimited 

Friction  clutch  pulley  keeps  the  “Ohio”  under  perfect 
control— stars  and  stops  it  quick.  Get  our  free  book 

and  study  the 
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Your  Buildings 
Are  Capital 

— just  as  much  as  your  land. 

You  would’nt  think  of 
letting  your  land  run  down. 
Do  you  neglect  your  build¬ 
ings  ? 

Where  the  paint  has 
scaled  off,  the  weather  will 
soon  work  ruin. 

This  spring  protect  your  buildings  with 
good  paint.  Be  sure  your  painter  uses 


“Dutch  Boy  Painter” 
White  Lead 


and  genuine  linseed  oil.  You  can  find 
nothing  so  protective,  lasting  and  econom¬ 
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You  can  have  free  our  “Helps  No.  2108 
which  tell  all  you  want  to  know  about 
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market.  Samples  free.  Write  for  a  free  book  showing 
remarkable  tests.  A  way  out  of  your  roof  troubles. 

THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  C0.t  Dept.  0,  ELYRIA,  OHIO 


DIGS  ALL  THE  POTATOES 

without  cutting  them— just  enough  adjustment,  to  meet 
your  conditions  without  carrying  too  much  6oil._  Saves 
‘nough  more  potatoes,  even  in  small  acreage  to  pay  for 

~  li 


machine  in  short  time.  Terfect  separation.  Is 


ght 


draft  as  any  digger  can  be.  No  neck  weight.  Two  styles 
made  Prices  #75.00  to  $105.00.  No.  150  is  the  lighter 
machine,  built  on  6trong  but  very  simple  lines— a  great 
favorite  with  growers.  Separate  bearings,  casilyremoved 
and  cheaply  replaced.  Operates  entirely  from  the  seat. 

POT  A  TO 
_  DIGGERS 

nro  iiofc  experiments— rears  of  actual  use  in  all  sorts  ot 
conditions  have  proved  their  worth.  Write  to  day  for 
Anniversary  Catalog— complete  line  of  potato  machin¬ 
ery,  garden  wheel  hoes  and  drills,  orchard  tools. etc 


WON  ME 


a 


FUMA 


ff  kill*  Prairie  Dogs. 
Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
and  Grain  Insects. 
“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

ewith  “  Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  doing3 

EDWARD  It.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. 


BINDER  TWINE,  6^c  lb.  ftriTsi 

made.  Fanner  agents  wanted.  Sample 

Set:  THEO.  BURT  &  SONS,  Melrose, Ohio 


BINDER  TWINE 

FACTORY  TO  FARM  WANT  FARMER  AGENTS. 
Write  quick.  AUGUST  POST,  Moulton,  Iowa 


6«8 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


June  10, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


The  C'ow. — We  get  much  interest  out  of 
keeping  the  milk  record.  A  little  spring 
balance  hangs  just  back  of  the  cow's  stall. 
The  pails  are  accurately  weighed  and  marked, 
it  means  but  the  fraction  of  a  minute  to 
hang  these  pails  on  the  hook  and  get  the 
weight.  A  paper  tacked  on  the  wall  with 
a  pencil  tied  to  a  string  makes  it  easy  to 
keep  the  record.  The  cow  came  on  the 
evening  of  April  19,  and  gave  10  pounds 
that  night.  Including  that  milking  she  gave 
in  April  286  pounds.  In  28  days  of  May 
she  gave  894  pounds,  for  we  have  worked 
her  up  to  35  pounds  per  day.  Thus  in 
39  days  this  cow  gave  us  1180  pounds,  and 
she  is  still  “going  strong.”  She  has  good 
pasture  grass  and  eight  pounds  per  day  of 
a  mixture  of  half  wheat  bran  and  one- 
quarter  each  cornmeal  and  ground  oats.  We 
also  keep  dry  hay  before  her  at  night,  and 
she  cats  quite  a  little  of  it.  As  the  gar¬ 
den  develops  she  will  have  a  chance  to 
eat  all  the  beet  tops,  lettuce,  sweet  corn, 
refuse,  etc.,  that  she  cares  for.  I  expect 
to  bring  her  up  to  40  pounds.  The  accu¬ 
rate  record  enables  us  to  know  exactly 
what  Mollie  is  doing.  If  she  begins  to  fall 
off  we  can  change  or  increase  her  feed  at 
once,  and  hold  her  up  to  the  record.  You 
will  understand  that  this  is  not  thin  “chalk 
and  water.”  Mollie  is  a  high-grade  Guern¬ 
sey  with  a  dark  colored  high  testing  milk. 

Cost  and  Value.— I  hope  to  keep  this 
cow’s  record  for  a  year.  What  value  shall 
we  put  on  the  milk?  I  figure  it  at  four 
cents  a  pound,  since  that  is  what  we  have 
to  pay  in  cash  when  we  buy.  I  know  that 
just  as  good  milk  is  being  sold  for  less  than 
one  cent  a  pound  back  among  the  hills  in 
the  dairy  districts,  but  an  article  is  worth 
to  me  what  I  have  to  pay  for  it  in  cash. 
Again,  I  believe  this  milk  is  well  worth 
four  cents  a  pound  as  actual  food,  compared 
with  other  things  we  buy.  I  could  get 
greater  food  value  for  a  dollar  in  oatmeal 
or  wheat,  but  milk  is  needed  to  make  them 
palatable.  I  believe  milk  at  four  cents  a 
pound  is  cheaper  than  meat  at  present 
prices.  We  have  17  people  to  feed,  and 
they  get  away  with  our  35  pounds  per  day 
as  milk,  cream,  pot  cheese,  puddings  and 
milk  bread.  I  claim  therefore  that  our 
cow  earned  for  us  $47.20  in  her  first  39 
days.  If  this  figuring  is  wrong  tell  me 
where  the  error  is.  As  for  cost,  the  grain 
ration  costs  about  12  cents  a  day.  We 
have  a  small  pasture,  and  picket  the  cow 
on  a  strip  of  Alfalfa  or  in  corners  where 
the  grass  comes  in.  I  do  not  know  how  to 
figure  any  great  value  for  these  spots. 
With  the  fullest  charge  for  labor  and  all  I 
think  this  milk  costs  us  about  one  cent  a 
pound  to  produce. 

Fool  Figuring. — Now  I  know  what  some 
real  estate  agent  could  do  with  these  fig¬ 
ures  if  he  were  after  some  “back  to  the 
lander.”  Here  is  a  plain  case  of  a  cow 
making  a  “profit”  of  over  80  cents  a  day. 
As  there  are  365  days  in  a  year  this  means 
$292  profit.  Let  one  man  keep  10  cows 
and  make  $3,000  yearly  profit!  That  is 
about  the  way  some  of  those  fellows  figure 
on  $10  hens,  two-quart  strawberry  plants 
and  $40  apple  trees,  and  many  a  poor 
tiling  parts  with  his  money  thereby.  If  it 
costs  us  one  cent  a  pound  to  produce  milk 
under  the  most  favorable  circumstances — 
feeding  largely  on  what  would  otherwise  be 
wasted,  and  selling  the  milk  to  ourselves — 
think  about  the  dairymen  who  sell  at  90 
cents  per  100  pounds.  Such  men  must  pay 
for  feed  and  get  pay  for  all  their  labor 
out  of  this  starvation  price,  with  a  heavy 
expense  for  outfit !  If  my  cow  fell  to  20 
or  15  pounds,  the  cost  of  keeping  her  would 
be  much  the  same,  which  would  make  the 
cost  two  cents  per  pound  or  more.  If  I 
kept  two  or  three  cows  the  cost  per  pound 
would  at  once  jump  up.  I  should  have  to 
Ouy  more  grain  and  interfere  -with  our  other 
crops  to  raise  more  fodder  or  build  new 
fences.  The  point  is  that  this  proposition 
of  figuring  the  cost  of  a  crop  has  many 
sides  to  it.  I  have  seen  men  who  kept  two 
cows  or  three  pigs  or  25  chickens  figure 
that  these  animals  paid  a  good  profit. 
So  they  branched  out  with  10  cows  or  20 
hogs  or  500  birds — and  lost  a  lot  of  money. 
Their  two  cows  paid,  because  like  mine  they 
used  up  a  lot  of  stuff  which  would  other¬ 
wise  have  been  wasted.  When  more  cows 
were  kept  the  farmer  got  'way  out  beyond 
the  limit  of  utilizing  wastes  and  had  to 
pay  cash.  Here  was  where  he  went  down. 
It  was  much  the  same  with  the  hogs  and 
hens.  It  takes  something  of  a  genius  to 
invest  cash  in  feed  and  fertilizers  and  get 
it  back  in  the  profit  by  selling  in  the 
wholesale  market.  It  is  better  to  keep  well 
inside  the  limit  of  what  the  farm  produces 
if  you  can.  And  by  the  way,  imagine  us 
trying  to  give  our  big  family  all  the  milk 
and  cream  they  want  and  paying  retail 
prices  for  it — in  a  town !  My  friend  Mollie 
is  a  mighty  useful  Hope  Farmer. 

Unwelcome  Guests. — The  17-year  locusts 
have  come  upon  us  in  a  multitude.  We 


found  a  few  here  and  there  up  to  the  time 
a  small  patch  of  Alfalfa  was  plowed.  That 
brought  out  thousands  of  them  and  now 
the  farm  is  full.  We  have  no  reason  to 
claim  that  these  are  purebred  or  that  they 
are  any  better  than  others,  but  if  you 
want  to  buy  several  thousand  you  can  have 
them  at  a  low  figure.  It  is  now  common 
knowledge  that  this  insect  remains  in  the 
soil  17  years.  Then  it  crawls  out,  mounts 
a  tree,  cuts  little  slits  in  the  young  wood 
and  deposits  its  eggs.  In  a  few  weeks  these 
eggs  hatch,  the  baby  locusts  drop  to  the 
ground  and  crawl  out  of  sight  to  remain 
for  17  years  more.  There  is  no  way  &f 
fighting  them.  Anyone  would  quickly  rec¬ 
ognize  that  if  he  saw  some  of  our  trees 
fairly  alive  with  them.  We  do  not  worry, 
partly  because  it  would  do  no  good,  partly 
because  the  drought  is  worse,  and  also  be¬ 
cause  these  interesting  insects  will  not  do 
much  damage.  Give  us  a  good  rain  and 
the  trees  will  grow  away  from  them.  If 
you  can  send  10,000  English  sparrows  into 
our  neighborhood  right  now  we  will  thank 
you.  These  sparrows  take  a  savage  delight 
in  tearing  the  locusts  apart. 

Farm  Notes. — The  drought  is  beginning 
to  be  serious.  We  have  had  several  short 
showers  which  helped  a  little,  but  it  is 
time  we  had  more.  I  have  put  all  our  im¬ 
portant  crops  on  the  lower  farm  this  year. 
The  soil  here  is  inclined  to  be  moist  any¬ 
way.  In  a  dry  season  we  shall  make  it.  If 
we  have  a  deluge  later — it  will  be  against 
us,  but  we  must  take  the  chances.  We 
have  more  potatoes  planted  than  in  years. 
They  are  starting  well.  Seed  was  unusual¬ 
ly  low,  and  planting  seems  to  be  lighter 
than  usual.  The  price  does  not  vary  much 
in  our  local  market,  and  potatoes  make  a 
good  first  crop  with  us.  We  can  get  out 
the  tubers  early,  pile  the  tops  around  the 
trees  and  then  put  in  potted  strawberry 
plants,  yellow  turnips,  cabbage  or  celery. 
.  .  .  We  got  about  30.000  plants  of 

Prizetakor  onions  for  transplanting  when 
we  wanted  75,000.  Some  plants  were 
killed  in  the  hotbed  by  “damping  off,”  and 
the  seed  did  not  sprout  as  I  hoped  it  would. 
Still  the  30,000  are  out  in  place  and  we 
will  care  for  them  as  best  we  can. 

The  field  of  potted  strawberry  plants  set 
out  last  September  did  not  look  very  happy 
in  April.  We  filled  in  the  missing  places, 
and  by  Decoration  Day  had  hoed  once  and 
cultivated  four  times.  They  must  be 
worked  about  25  times  during  the  season. 
There  are  some  8,000  plants  set  three  feet 
apart  each  way.  They  have  come  forward 
wonderfully  in  the  past  two  weeks.  We 
can  get  five  good  potted  plants  from  each 
hill  if  need  be,  and  leave  a  big  clump  at 
each  place  that  will  give  at  least  three 
quarts  to  five  plants.  Many  of  them  will 
run  over  a  quart  to  the  plant,  but  I  would 
much  rather  get.  under  the  average  than 
over  it.  .  .  .  We  got  our  spraying  done 

in  good  time.  There  were  two  showers 
during  the  week,  but  the  mixture  had  a 
good  chance  to  dry  before  these  showers 
came  and  we  do  not  worry  about  it.  We 
used  this  year  commercial  lime-sulphur, 
about  one  gallon  to  45  of  water,  and  two 
pounds  arsenate  of  lead.  This  left  a  good 
coating  or  film  on  the  trees  with  practically 
no  injury.  We  discarded  the  gas  sprayer 
this  year  and  went  back  to  hand  power. 
The  gas  sprayer  tank  was  too  small,  and 
too  much  time  was  required  in  making  it 
airtight  after  each  charge.  The  gas  power 
was  expensive — with  considerable  leakage. 
We  never  had  such  a  remarkable  promise 
for  fruit,  but  rain  is  needed,  for  the  hot 
dry  winds  are  milking  the  soil. 

Education. — I  have  had  many  letters 
from  boys  and  young  men  who  ask  about 
working  their  way  through  college.  Can  it 
be  done?  At  what  colleges  can  a  boy  get 
work  to  do?  How  much  will  he  need,  etc.? 
I  worked  my  way  through  such  a  college 
over  25  years  ago,  but  I  do  not  think  my 
experience  would  be  fair  now  for  compari¬ 
son.  In  those  old  days  the  entire  scheme 
of  education  was  different.  The  colleges 
were  in  the  pioneer  stage.  So,  in  a  way, 
were  the  students.  The  States  did  not  like 
to  give  up  money  to  these  colleges.  They 
had  not  proved  themselves.  The  boys  could 
not  as  a  rule  get  funds  except  through 
their  labor.  Thus  we  had  to  work  or  quit. 
The  conditions  now  are  very  different.  One 
of  our  boys  wants  to  go  to  college  or  school, 
ne  has  decided  to  be  a  farmer,  so  we 

looked  about  for  a  school  or  college  of  farm¬ 
ing  rather  than  of  “agriculture.”  We  have 
found  a  good  two-years  practical  course  and 
the  boy  will  try  it.  I  am  after  figures  and 
information,  so  we  will  keep  some  records 
of  this  education.  The  boy  will  take  about 
an  acre  of  the  best  land  on  the  farm  and 
grow  a  potato  crop.  With  a  fair  season 
there  should  be  a  fair  yield.  At  our  retail 
prices  this  will  mean  some  money.  Then 
the  boy  will  work  through  the  Summer  by 
the  hour  with  a  chance  to  make  all  he 
can  and  the  wages  will  go  for  his  educa¬ 
tion.  Let  us  see  how  this  comes  out.  I 
should  not  care  to  educate  a  boy  except  in 
some  such  way.  As  for  sending  him  to  col¬ 
lege  just  because  others  go,  or  without 
some  effort  on  his  part  to  work  his  way— 
not  for  “yours  truly.”  Perhaps  the  story 
of  this  experiment  in  education  may  help 
other  boys  as  it  is  told.  h.  w.  c. 


FRUIT  FARMS  vs.  GOLD  MINES 

IN  WESTERN  MICHIGAN  fruit  farms 
can  be  paid  for  out  of  profits  in  four 
years.  Here  many  fruit  growers  are 
earning  500  to  100  per  cent  on  valuations 
of  $500  an  acre.  These  are  strong  statements 
but  we  are  prepared  to  back  them  up  with 
facts  and  figures  that  will  convince  you. 

We  have  no  land  for  sale  !  Our  business  is 
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with  the  climate,  the  soil,  the  location,  the 
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costs  from  $35  an  acre  up,  bearing  orchards  from  $100  to  $500  an  acre. 

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809 


Ruralisms 


PINE  TREES  ON  A  LAWN. 

IP.  M.  D.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. — I  have  a  lawn 
which  does  not  thrive,  owing,  I  think,  to 
the  fact  that  two  pine  trees  are  on  it  and 
the  needles  fall  and  seem  to  do  harm.  How 
would  you  go  about  resurrecting  it,  and  is 
there  any  way  to  keep  the  trees  and  yet  do 
away  with  this  detriment? 

Ans. — Your  pine  trees  may  injure  the 
lawn  in  several  ways,  some  of  which 
possibly  may  be  avoided.  If  the  trees 
retain  their  lower  branches  there  may 
be  too  dense  shade  for  any  of  the  lawn 
grasses.  The  remedy  is  to  prune  away 
the  drooping  limbs,  cutting  close  to  the 
trunks,  so  the  full  sunlight  can  reach 
the  base  of  the  trees  at  some  portion  of 
the  day.  If  the  soil  is  deeply  shaded, 
and  it  is  not  desired  to  sacrifice  the 
lower  branches,  it  is  useless  to  expect 
grasses  to  thrive.  Better  plant  the  bare 
spaces  with  hardy  creeping  plants  toler¬ 
ant  of  shade,  such  as  the  yellow  flow¬ 
ered  moneywort,  Lysimachia  nummu- 
laria,  or  the  common  periwinkle,  Vinca 
minor,  which  has  good  green  foliage 
and  attractive  violet-blue  flowers.  The 
common  Japan  honeysuckle,  Lonicera 
Chinensis,  also  makes  a  good  soil  cover 
in  dry  shady  places,  but  is  rather  diffi¬ 
cult  to  keep  within  bounds. 

If,  however,  sufficient  sunlight  finds 
its  way  beneath  the  trees  to  favor  the 
growth  of  the  lawn  grasses,  they  must 
then  contend,  not  only  with  the  dryness 
of  the  soil  and  robbery  of  plant  food, 
caused  by  the  tree  roots,  but  with  an 
acid  condition  of  the  soil  resulting  from 
the  decay  of  the  pine  needles.  To  cor¬ 
rect  this  the  needles  should  carefully 
be  raked  together  and  carried  away  as 
they  fall  in  early  Summer  and  the  fer¬ 
tility  restored  by  working  in  the  soil 
fine  ground  bone  at  the  rate  of  about 
five  pounds  for  each  square  rod  and 
nitrate  of  soda  a  quarter  pound  to  the 
rod.  Potash  is  best  added  in  the  form 
of  wood  ashes  at  the  rate  of  one  peck 
to  the  rod,  or  in  sulphate  of  potash,  two 
pounds  to  the  rod.  Muriate  of  potash 
and  acid  phosphates,  such  as  are  gener¬ 
ally  found  in  commercial  mixed  fer¬ 
tilizers,  appear  prejudicial  to  most  coni¬ 
ferous  trees.  I  have  known  pines  and 
spruces  to  be  severely  checked  by  even 
moderate  applications  of  ready  mixed 
chemicals  to  the  soil  beneath.  Mulches 
of  fresh  stable  manure  in  Fall  and 
Winter  will  also  go  far  toward  reduc¬ 
ing  the  soil  acidity  caused  by  the  de¬ 
cay  of  the  needles  and  will  add  much 
soil  fertility.  If  the  space  beneath  the 
trees  is  very  bare  it  may  be  well  to  in¬ 
corporate  the  fertilizers  or  manure  with 
the  soil  in  early  Spring  with  harrow, 
rake  or  hoe,  and  resow  with  grass  seeds, 
using  Kentucky  Blue  and  Red-top 
grasses,  equal  parts  of  each,  at  the  rate 
of  two  pounds  to  the  square  rod.  Sow 
a  few  handfuls  of  White  clover  sepa¬ 
rately  after  the  finer  grasses  have  been 
evenly  distributed  and  cover  by  the  use 
of  a  fine-toothed  steel  rake.  If  the 
situation  is  decidedly  shady,  it  might  be 
well  to  omit  the  White  clover  and  add 
to  the  Kentucky  and  Red-top  grasses 
an  equal  quantity  of  Wood  meadow- 
grass,  Poa  nemoralis.  This  is  a  near 
relative  of  Blue  grass  and  has  the  same 
habit,  but  thrives  especially  well  in  par¬ 
tial  shade.  Above  all  things  remove 
the  pine  needles  as  they  fall,  for  though 
they  possess  fertilizing  value  for  cer¬ 
tain  plants,  such  as  the  strawberry,  they 
are  certainly  harmful  to  the  fine-rooted 
grasses.  v 

How  to  Grow  Vegetables  and  Garden 
Herbs,  by  Allen  French.  This  is  a  new 
edition  of  the  volume  previously  issued 
under  the  title  “The  Book  of  Vegetables.” 

It  contains  213  pages,  including  a  copious 
index,  and  is  freely  illustrated.  Pages  1  to 
300  are  devoted  to  a  “Planting  Table,” 
alphabetically  arranged,  so  that  it  gives 
easy  reference,  and  there  is  a  useful  table 
of  seed  longevity  and  ounce  values.  It  is 
an  exceedingly  useful  book  and  there  are 
few  gardeners  who  would  not  find  it  a  con¬ 
venience  for  reference.  Published  bv  the 
Macmillan  Company,  New  York ;  price  !?1.75 
net,  postage  14  cents  additional. 


FLOWERS  ABSORBING  COLORS. 

E.  E.  G.,  New  York. — Why  will  a  white 
pteony  flower  absorb  red  ink  enough  through 
the  stem  to  color  it  a  deep  pink,  while  it 
will  not  absorb  black  ink  at  all? 

Ans. — The  coloring  matter  of  com¬ 
mercial  red  writing  inks  is  usually  car¬ 
mine,  from  the  cochineal  insect,  or  more 
rarely  an  aniline  dye  or  even  extract  of 
logwood.  These  substances  are  all 
highly  diffusible  through  the  tissues  of 
living  plants  without  immediate  injury 
to  the  protoplasm  or  vital  substance  of 
the  plant  cells.  Thus  a  sufficient  quan¬ 
tity  is  usually  absorbed  to  color  percepti¬ 
bly  petals  of  soft-stemmed  white  flowers 
when  cut  and  placed  in  these  inks.  The 
same  may  be  said  of  the  green  dye  used 
to  produce  green  Chrysanthemums,  St. 
Patrick’s  Day  carnations,  and  other  ar¬ 
tificially  colored  floral  freaks.  Black 
writing  inks,  however,  depend  for  their 
color  on  a  combination  of  gallic  acid, 
usually  from  nutgalls,  and  a  salt  of  iron. 
The  iron  is  precipitated,  and  to  consid¬ 
erable  extent  decolorized,  by  the  pro- 
teids  in  the  flower  stem,  and  is  thus  un¬ 
able  to  ascend  and  darken  the  flowers. 
Black  drawing  inks  frequently  have  as 
their  coloring  base  pure  carbon  in  a  very 
finely  divided  form.  This  element  in  its 
uncombined  state  will  not  diffuse 
through  plant  tissues,  and  is  conse¬ 
quently  useless  for  coloring  flowers  by 
absorption.  Blue  ink,  if  based  on  ani¬ 
line  or  indigo  dyes,  may  be  used  for 
coloring  light  flowers  by  stem  absorp¬ 
tion,  but  when  based  on  soluble  Prussian 
blue,  a  compound  salt  of  iron  and  potas¬ 
sium,  is  for  reasons  above  given  also 
not  adapted  for  the  purpose.  v. 

The  subject  of  absorbing  coloring 
matter  by  plants  is  full  of  interest  and 
still  obscure.  The  physicists  call  it,  as 
you  know,  a  matter  of  “osmotic  power,” 
and  probably  each  substance  has  its 
range  of  capacity  for  penetrating  films 
of  tissue,  cell  walls,  etc.  Thus  the 
colloids  or  gums  have  a  low  osmotic 
equivalent,  while  crystalline  substances 
are  very  penetrating.  Even  among  the 
salts  like  saltpetre  and  common  salt, 
there  is  a  great  difference  in  the  ability 
of  passing  through  membranes.  Some 
theorists  are  willing  to  account  for 
this  by  maintaining  that  the  size  of  the 
molecule  determines  the  penetrative 
power  and  when  the  molecule  (as  in  the 
case  of  ink?)  is  larger  than  the  mesh 
of  the  membrane,  it  cannot  enter;  while 
eosin,  on  the  other  hand,  has  a  small(?) 
molecule  and  enters  easily.  Then  there 
is  possibly  a  selective  power  upon  the 
part  of  the  protoplasm  that  denies  en¬ 
trance  of  some  substances  and,  so-to- 
say,  invites  others.  Some  tissues  are 
stained  by  one  colored  liquid  and  others 
by  other  liquids,  giving  double-staining, 
etc.  A  methyl-green  is  a  good  stain 
for  floral  parts,  and  this  may  serve  the 
purpose  of  black  ink  in  the  work  of 
photography  which  you  mention. 

New  Jersey.  byron  d.  halsted. 

Camphor  in  Florida. 

J.  IT.,  (No  Address). — Is  there  any  ex¬ 
pectation  that  camphor  tree  growing  in 
Florida  will  amount  to  anything? 

Ans. — Camphor-tree  culture  in  Flor¬ 
ida  promises  very  well.  Since  Japan,  by 
the  annexation  of  Formosa,  has  monop¬ 
olized  about  all  natural  sources  of  cam¬ 
phor,  prospects  for  its  culture  elsewhere, 
where  climatic  conditions  are  suitable, 
are  quite  encouraging.  The  true  cam¬ 
phor  tree  has  been  given  many  botani¬ 
cal  names,  but  Laurus  camphora  appears 
most  suitable.  It  is  quite  hardy  in  Put¬ 
nam  County,  Fla.,  and  with  moderate 
fertilization  grows  exceedingly  well  in 
the  light  soils  thereabouts.  Trees  are 
readily  grown  from  seeds  and  may  be 
had  in  many  sizes  from  Florida  nurser¬ 
ies.  Tests  have  shown  that  camphor  of 
very  fine  quality  and  in  fair  quantity 
may  be  distilled  from  the  twigs  and 
young  growth  of  Florida-grown  trees, 
but  it  is  important  to  have  the  true 
species,  as  other  members  of  the  genus 
do  not  contain  appreciable  quantities  of 


the  drug.  Experiments  seem  to  show 
that  camphor  as  a  commercial  crop  will 
best  be  grown  in  hedge  form,  setting 
the  young  trees  about  four  by  12  feet 
apart.  It  is  hoped  to  perfect  a  machine 
for  trimming  the  rows  far  more  eco¬ 
nomically  than  it  can  be  done  by  hand. 
There  is  no  question  of  the  cultural  suc¬ 
cess  of  the  camphor  tree  in  Florida,  and 
other  Gulf  Coast  States,  but  details  of 
handling  and  extracting  the  product  un¬ 
der  conditions  of  southern  labor  remain 
to  be  worked  out. 

Overloaded  Apple  Trees. 

B.  C.  F.,  Curwensville,  Pa. — Will  you 
give  a  way  to  reduce  an  overloaded  apple 
crop  which  absorbs  the  next  year’s  crop, 
leaving  no  apples  for  the  following  year? 

Ans. — There  is  a  good  and  sure  way 
to  relieve  fruit  trees  that  are  over¬ 
loaded  with  fruit,  and  that  is  by  thin¬ 
ning.  This  is  done  as  regularly  by  most 
of  the  Pacific  coast  fruit  growers  as 
their  cultivation,  spraying,  etc.  There  is 
no  other  way  to  relieve  the  trees  and 
prevent  injury  to  them  and  to  the  pres¬ 
ent  crop  as  well.  And  it  will  pay  well 
to  thin  the  fruit  and  will  cost  less  than 
to  leave  it  all  on  and  spend  more  time 
taking  it  off  when  ripe  and  caring  for 
it  when  there  is  a  greater  rush  of  work 
than  while  the  fruit  is  growing.  By 
all  means  thin  the  fruit  as  soon  as  it  is 
the  size  of  marbles  or  a  little  later. 
Take  off  more  than  seems  needed  at 
the  time,  for  this  proves  true  in  almost 
every  case.  More  than  half  and  some¬ 
times  over  three-fourths  should  be  re¬ 
moved.  This  is  no  longer  an  experi¬ 
ment  but  a  practical  success. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


v v  nrjW 


wuiu  ttuvausers  iiii’uiion  jlulh 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Breakfast 

A  Pleasure 

when  you  have 

Post 
T  oasties 

with  cream,, 

A  food  with  snap  and 
zest  that  wakes  up  the 
appetite. 

Sprinkle  crisp  Post 
Toasties  over  a  saucer  of 
fresh  strawberries,  add 
some  cream  and  a  little 
sugar — 

Appetizing 

Nourishing 

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Sold  by  Grocers. 


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ALPHA 

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is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
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20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

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ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


SPRAY 


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St.,  Rochester,  N.  If. 


YOU  Need  This  Book — It’s  FREE 

Every  farmer  and  truck  grower  needs  a  copy  of 

Herrmann’s  1911  Almanac 

Resides  being  full  of  valuable  and  interesting  data  for 
fanners  and  fruit  growers,  it  shows  the  proper  way 
to  apply  the  purest  and  most  efficient  Paris  Green 
mado — Herrmann's  Ui-Grade  Pure  Paris  Green . 
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Morris  Herrmann  &  Co.,  1%  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York. 


INOCULATED  ALFALFA  SOIL 

75  cents  por  hundred,  $10.00  per  ton.  F.  O.  B.  Ash- 
ville,  Pa.  Send  for  PRICE  booklet  “How  to  Grow 
Alfalfa.”  Dr.  H.  SOMERVILLE,  Chest  Springs, 
Cambria  County,  Pa. 


SECURED  OR  FEE  RETURNED. 

Free  Patent  book,  Selling  Guide  and 
List  of  Buyers  and  Manufacturers  of 
Inventions.  ADVICE  FREE.  Send  sketch. 

FAI  ES,  Altys.,  548  F.  St., Washington,  D.  C. 


THE  FARMERS’  NATIONAL  BANK  of  Union 
City.  Michigan,  located  at  Union  City,  in  the 
State  of  Michigan,  is  closing  its  affairs.  All  note 
holders  and  other  creditors  of  the  association  are 
therefore  hereby  notified  to  present  the  notes  and 
other  claims  for  payment.  ..  UTrE,r  r  D  , 
Dated  April  28,  1911.  D-  D-  WELL,  Prest. 


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when  you  spray  with  the  stick-longest,  kill-quickest,  safest 
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(in  Powdered  Form) 

It  is  the  only  dry  Arsenate  of  Lead  in  an  amorphous  (non-crystalline)  form,  hence 
the  only  one  that  mixes  instantly  with  water  in  such  a  finely  divided  state  that  every 
drop  of  spray  is  equally  strong  in  arsenic.  It  cannot  be  washed  off  by  rain.  Is  death 
to  insects  months  after  application,  yet  it  is  harmless  to  the  newest,  tenderest  foliage. 
Electro  is  guaranteed  to  contain  33%  arsenic  oxide,  or  50%  more  than  other  brands, 
as  proved  by  Connecticut  and  New  Jersey  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 
tests.  Write  us  for  them. 

If  your  dealer  can’t  supply  Electro,  don’t  accept  substitutes,  but  send  to 
us  for  prices  and  proofs  from  successful  fruit  growers.  We’ll  supply 
Electro  in  paste  form  if  you  prefer  it.  Use  Electro  Lime 
Sulphur  for  San  Jose  scale  and  sucking  insects. 

THE  VREELAND  CHEMICAL  CO. 
33  Church  Street,  New  York 


670 


5THFC  RURAL  NEW-YORKEH 


June  10, 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes 

Established  /sso 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  N ew  Y ork 
Hkrbkrt  W.  Co  lung  wood,  President  and  Editor. 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Koyle,  Associate  Editor. 


SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 
To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union.  $2.04.  equal  to  8s.  6d.,  or 
marks,  or  10)4  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  «0  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 

References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  us  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  hacked  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  nidi  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  roguea.  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  trifling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  bo 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
thp  transaction,  and  yon  must  have  i mentioned  The  Kubal  ^ew-yorktcr 
when  writing  the  advertiser.  _ 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends, 

* 

Read  the  article  by  Mr.  Liverance  on  page  675. 
This  scare  over  dairy  butter  is  a  foolish  one,  but  it 
means  trouble  for  some  of  our  friends.  Dairy  butter 
as  usually  made  is  comparatively  dry,  and  there  is 
little  danger  that  it  will  ever  exceed  16  per  cent  of 
moisture.  The  whole  trouble  is  due  to  the  oleo  men 
and  some  dishonest  creamery  operators.  The  oleo 
men  seize  upon  every  opportunity  to  discredit  pure 
butter.  The  creamery  operators  tried  to  work  off 
water  as  butter,  while  the  oleo  men  try  to  sell  cheaper 
and  inferior  fats.  It  is  a  shame  that  farmers  should 
suffer  for  this  when  their  dairy  butter  does  not  con¬ 
tain  an  excess  of  moisture. 

* 

Mr.  Van  Deman  on  first  page  suggests  a  plan  ior 
“gravity  spraying."  In  a  hilly  country  with  springs 
at  the  hilltops  such  a  plan  is  quite  possible !  But  sup¬ 
pose  Van  Deman  had  mentioned  such  a  thing  25 
years  ago!  At  that  time  there  was  no  spray  pump 
much  better  than  a  squirt  gun.  Few  had  ever  heard 
of  Bordeaux  mixture.  The  San  Jose  scale  had  not 
even  been  named  .  The  original  lime-sulphur  man  had 
not 'taken  a  pail  of  sheep  dip  to  try  on  his  trees.  Here 
is  Mr.  Boaz  alone  using  V/2  tons  of  sulphur!  All  this 
merely  indicates  how  business  is  developing.  And  lis¬ 
ten — you  young  men:  The  development  of  the  past  25 
years  is  as  nothing  to  what  will  happen  by  1936! 

* 

This  “Diary  of  Farm  Work”  has  now  gone  far 
enough  for  you  to  see  what  we  are  after.  We  want 
to  tell  what  is  done  on  some  reader’s  farm  every 
working  day  in  the  year.  We  want  them  all — fruit, 
grain,  dairy,  gardening,  potato — everything;  the  actual 
work  as  it  is  done  and  a  little  of  the  “why.”  Mr. 
Brigham’s  notes  make  a  good  model.  The  desire  is 
to  cover  every  working  day  and  all  parts  of  the 
country.  If  you  are  willing  to  help,  let  us  know  and 
we  can  assign  some  day  for  you  to  report.  We  are 
arranging  for  several  weeks  ahead.  See  if  we  can 
select  some  day  when  you  do  your  most  interesting 
work.  And  let  the  “back  to  the  land”  man  study 
these  records.  He  will  see  that  these  farmers  get  up 
at  4.30  or  earlier  and  put  in  nearly  two  “legal  days.” 

* 

Last  week  we  told  how  the  Collin  bill  for  regulat¬ 
ing  commission  men  was  defeated  in  the  New  York 
Assembly.  The  contest  was  like  a  battle  between  a 
regiment  of  volunteers  and  an  army  of  trained  regu¬ 
lars.  It  was  like  the  Austrians  with  muzzle-loading 
rifles  up  against  the  Prussians  with  new  breechload¬ 
ers!  Here  was  one  of  the  most  important  bills  of  the 
season  so  far  as  it  affected  the  business  of  selling 
farm  produce.  Skilled  lawyers  from  the  city  had  been 
coached  by  the  commission  men  to  tear  it  apart  and 
ridicule  it.  The  farmers,  with  argument  and  right 
on  their  side,  had  no  strong  and  skilled  debaters  to 
analyze  the  bill  and  answer  the  other  side.  The 
matter  was  new  to  many  of  the  Assemblymen.  Na¬ 
turally  they  went  with  the  stronger  presentment  of 
the  case.  Now  the  principle  embodied  in  that  bill  is 
right  and  it  must  be  made  into  law  and  enforced. 
With  the  fierce  opposition  which  comes  from  the  city 
members  it  is  evident  that  we  must  try  some  new 
plan.  How  is  legislation  obtained  at  Albany?  The 
brewers’  association,  the  Anti- Saloon  League,  the 
hotel  men,  the  New  York  Central  and  others  obtain 
about  what  they  want — sometimes  beaten  but  usually 
winning  out  They  work  in  two  ways — constant  agi¬ 
tation  and  a  legislative  agent  at  Albany.  Few  of  us 
realize  what  such  an  agent  who  was  honest  and  who 


knew  how  could  do  for  farm  legislation.  Recently 
bill  after  bill  introduced  by  the  liquor  men  for  more 
liberal  liquor  laws  has  been  defeated  largely  through 
the  work  of  the  Anti-Saloon  League.  They  have  had 
a  man  on  the  job  every  day.  He  knows  everybody, 
studies  every  bill — nothing  escapes  him.  It  will  not 
do  to  send  a  committee  of  learned  men  to  Albany 
from  time  to  time.  In  order  to  obtain  the  legislation 
which  our  farmers  need  we  must  have  some  one  who 
knows  Albany  right  on  the  job.  Here  is  a  chance 
for  us  to  try  our  agrarian  group  in  New  York  State. 
An  organization  can  be  made  this  Summer.  We  can 
decide  upon  a  few  needed  things  that  are  right,  plan 
to  increase  the  real  representatives  of  the  farm  at  Al¬ 
bany  and  organize  our  forces  for  business — and  farm¬ 
ing. 

* 

We  told  you  a  month  ago  that  the  “authorities” 
will  side-step  parcels  post  if  they  can.  Postmaster- 
General  Hitchcock  has  returned  $3,000,000  to  the 
Treasury.  This  is  out  of  the  amount  set  aside  for 
running  the  postal  service.  He  says  there  will  be 
$1,000,000  profit  on  the  year’s  postal  business.  Parcels 
post  at  once?  Not  much — now  comes  the  “National 
One  Cent  Letter  Postage  Association”  demanding  one 
cent  postage  on  letters.  They  claim  to  have  a  “nation¬ 
wide  movement  among  business  men.”  If  these  men 
get  what  they  are  after  it  will  mean  another  shortage 
in  the  Post  Office  Department,  the  old  attack  upon 
higher  rates  for  magazines  and  papers — and  no  parcels 
post.  There  will  be  the  same  old  argument  against 
it,  and  the  express  companies  will  go  right  on  holding 
up  the  public  and  paying  millions  on  watered  stock. 
The  president  of  this  new  “association”  is  said  to 
call  farm  papers  “the  weeds  of  literature.”  He  evi¬ 
dently  wants  to  pull  them  out,  but  he  will  find  some 
of  them  well  rooted.  But  the  truth  is  that  penny 
postage  will  side-track  parcels  post  if  we  sit  still  and 
let  these  men  walk  over  us ! 

* 

“I  cannot  speculate  what  the  decree  may  be  when 
this  miserable  combination  is  given  an  opportunity  to 
let  itself  doivn  easy  before  the  public  after  what  it 
has  dons  in  violation  of  the  laws.” 

This  is  taken  from  a  dissenting  opinion  of  Justice 
Harlan  in  the  Tobacco  Trust  case.  It  was  clearly 
shown  that  the  Trust  had  violated  the  Sherman  law 
in  the  most  defiant  and  arbitrary  way.  The  Supreme 
Count  finds  the  Trust  guilty  and  directs  the  lower 
court  to  find  some  plan  for  dissolving  the  illegal 
combination  and  “recreating  out  of  the  elements”  a 
lawful  business.  A  possible  limit  of  eight  months  is  al¬ 
lowed  for  doing  this,  and  if  the  Trust  fails  to  com¬ 
ply  either  an  injunction  against  the  company  will 
be  served  or  a  receiver  appointed.  This  seems  to  be 
on  the  theory  that  tobacco  has  become  a  “necessity” 
and  that  the  supply  must  not  be  interfered  with!  The 
Court  once  more  distinguishes  between  reasonable  or 
unreasonable  monopolies  and  it  is  to  this  that  Justice 
Harlan  objects  so  vigorously. 

When  the  people  wake  up  to  the  fact  that  the  judiciary 
is  legislating  there  will  be  trouble.  The  Q0, 000, 000  of 
American  people  are  not  going  to  submit  to  usurpation 
by  the  judiciary. 

He  is  right.  The  tendency  of  modern  legislation 
is  in  the  line  of  getting  away  from  the  people  more 
and  more.  This  is  just  what  ought  not  to  be  in  a 
republic. 

* 

Mr.  Petersen,  page  662,  got  his  money  out  of  that 
Florida  land  company  after  putting  a  three-horse 
team  on  it.  We  can  add  little  to  what  he  says.  We 
had  our  say  before  the  money  was  invested.  Some 
men  are  timid  when  it  comes  to  going  up  against 
these  boomers.  They  fight,  if  at  all,  under  cover 
and  in  some  circumstances  they  are  justified  in 
doing  so.  Not  so  with  Mr.  Petersen.  He  comes 
out  boldly  with  name  and  address  and  stands  ready 
to  help  others  get  their  money.  You  have  no  idea 
how  a  few  such  men  can  shake  the  walls  of  Jericho. 
As  for  those  Florida  land  boomers,  they  are  a 
nuisance  pure  and  simple.  The  Southern  people 
realize  it  too.  We  have  the  following  from  a  leading 
journalist: 

I  believe  this  land  boomer  nuisance  has  done  more  to 
injure  Florida  and  to  interfere  with  progress  there  than 
any  other  calamity  which  ever  befell  the  State,  the  great 
freeze  of  ’95  not  excepted.  I  am  even  now  endeavoring 
to  get  some  sort  of  protective  measure  in  shape  for  enact¬ 
ment  in  the  pi'esent  Florida  Legislature  protecting  the 
State,  its  people  and  prospective  settlers  against  the 
machinations  of  these  bare-faced  swindlers.  The  general 
idea  along  which  I  am  working  is  that  of  placing  the 
instalment-plan  real-estate  operator  under  official  State 
control  in  some  such  way  as  the  fertilizer  and  insurance 
business  are  controlled. 

That  means  much,  for  “the  great  freeze”  nearly 
put  Florida  out  of  business.  Yet  we  believe  it  is 
true.  Tbe  State  compels  the  fertilizer  dealer  to  live 
up  to  his  guarantee.  That  is  to  save  the  farmer’s 
crop.  The  State  also  supervises  insurance.  That  is 


to  protect  a  man’s  wife  and  children.  Let  it  now 
supervise  the  human  wolves  who  use  “home”  as  bait 
for  homeless  people.  We  have  no  better  illustration 
of  the  need  of  caution  in  buying  Florida  land  than 
the  fact  that  within  a  few  miles  of  this  worthless 
Burbank  tract  are  some  of  the  best  farm  lands  in  the 
South,  with  good  homes  and  prosperous  farmers. 

* 

That  Eucalyptus  article  by  Mr.  Pryal,  on  page  663, 
is  most  interesting,  and  lie  does  well  to  advise  against 
reckless  investment  in  Eucalyptus  planting.  But  the 
apparent  impossibility  of  selling  the  fine  Eucalyptus 
timber  Mr.  Pryal  describes  is  strange,  when  the  real 
commercial  value  of  the  wood  in  Australasia  is  con¬ 
sidered.  Baron  von  Mueller  says  that  an  average 
of  11  tests  under  his  direction  showed  Blue  gum  (Eu¬ 
calyptus  globulus)  to  be  equal  in  strength  to  the  best 
English  oak,  American  White  oak  and  American  ash. 
In  Australasia  the  wood  furnishes  ship  keels  120  feet 
long,  and  is  extensively  used  for  all  outside  work; 
joists,  studs,  fence  rails,  telegraph  poles,  railroad  ties, 
wagon  shafts  and  spokes.  It  attains  a  height  of  350 
feet.  Baron  von  Mueller  enumerates  over  30  varieties 
of  Eucalyptus  that  are  valuable  for  timber,  many  of 
them  being  especially  recommended  for  wheelwrights’ 
work,  shipbuilding  and  other  purposes  where  strength 
and  endurance  are  required.  The  Iron-bark  tree  of 
Victoria  and  New  South  Wales,  Eucalyptus  Leucoxy- 
lon,  is  in  some  respects  superior  to  all  the  others,  be¬ 
ing  18  per  cent  tougher  than  hickory.  Perhaps  local 
conditions  limit  the  appreciation  of  Blue  gum  timber 
in  California. 

# 

President  Taft  has  refused  to  pardon  the  two  bank 
wreckers,  Walsh,  of  Chicago,  and  Chas.  W.  Morse, 
of  New  York.  Great  pressure  was  brought  upon  the 
President  in  these  cases,  and  he  should  be  commended 
for  standing  firm.  Both  these  men  were  guilty  of 
plain  stealing  and  betrayal  of  trust.  They  knew  just 
what  they  were  doing — their  crime  was  deliberate 
and  cold-blooded.  They  not  only  deserve  their 
punishment,  but  their  term  in  prison  will  have  the 
best  possible  effect  upon  other  robbers  who  practice 
“high  finance.”  A  large  fine  is  no  punishment  for 
these  big  rascals.  They  can  easily  pay  it  and  soon 
squeeze  the  amount  out  of  the  people  by  some  other 
criminal  trick.  The  hard  bed,  plain  food  and  labor  of 
the  man  behind  the  bars  has  genuine  terror  for  these 
rogues.  If  Morse  and  Walsh  had  been  set  free  every 
big  thief  in  the  land  would  have  assumed  that  prison 
sentence  is  a  farce  and  would  have  planned  another 
raid.  The  common  jail  sentence  is  what  will  make 
these  fellows  stop  and  think  as  nothing  else  will.  The 
Sherman  law  contains  the  following: 

“ Every  person  who  shall  make  any  such  contract  or 
engage  in  any  such  combination  or  conspiracy  shall  be 
deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and,  on  conviction 
thereof,  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  not  exceeding 
$5,000  or  by  imprisonment  not  exceeding  one  year,  or 
by  both  said  punishments,  in  the  discretion  of  the 
court.” 

One  reason  why  the  Sherman  law  has  not  proved 
more  effective  is  because  this  punishment  by  im¬ 
prisonment  has  not  been  imposed.  We  would  like  to 
put  a  regiment  of  these  big  offenders  right  into  jaiL 
They  would  sleep  on  straw  beds,  eat  potatoes,  soup 
and  general  prison  fare,  and  zvork.  When  they  got 
out  of  jail  they  would  probably  have  the  same  in¬ 
clination  to  break  the  law  as  before,  but  there  would 
be  a  curb  bit  on  it.  The  Attorney  General  is  reported 
as  saying  that  criminal  suits  will  be  brought  against 
officials  of  Standard  Oil  and  the  Tobacco  Trust. 
Well,  when  we  see  some  of  them  actually  in  jail  we 
shall  know  the  government  means  business. 


BREVITIES. 

The  17-year  locust  has  come  out  of  the  ground  ! 

After  it  is  all  figured  out,  good  fodder  corn  is  about 
the  best  crop  to  help  in  drought. 

Help  us  out  on  this  proposition  for  selling  silage.  The 
discussion  is  started  on  page  677.  What  would  be  the 
chance  in  your  neighborhood? 

In  Holland,  when  the  butter  from  a  certain  dairy  or 
creamery  contains  too  much  water,  the  government  de¬ 
nies  the  right  to  use  its  stamps.  This  stamp  is  a  guar¬ 
antee  of  quality,  and  buyers  look  for  it. 

Young  man,  your  kind  attention — here’s  the  secret 
of  success.  I  am  no  sage  or  statesman — take  it  in  its 
homely  dress.  If  you  ever  make  a  contract — let  the  day 
be  cold  or  hot,  wet  or  dry,  or  sour  or  pleasant — be  a 
Johnny-on-the-spot. 

Two  years  ago  the  State  Geologist  of  New  Jersey  stated 
that  at  least  three  normal  seasons  would  be  needed  to 
put  the  ordinary  amount  of  soil  moisture  back  in  the  soil, 
besides  watering  the  crops.  Since  then  we  have  had  one 
season  of  drought,  while  another  is  starting. 

The  Government  is  paying  $3.50  a  cubic  yard  for 
humus  to  enrich  filled-in  ground  on  Governor’s  Island, 
New  York  Bay,  spending  $35,000  for  this  purpose.  It  is 
quite  likely  that  there  are  places  on  your  own  farm 
where  humus  would  be  worth  as  much  per  cubic  yard  as 
Uncle  Sam  is  paying  for  it. 


1911, 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


671 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

Things  are  at  last  happening  in  St. 
Louis.  We  have  already  reported  a 
bankruptcy  suit  filed  in  the  United  States 
courts  against  the  Lewis  Publishing  Co., 
and  a  foreclosure  suit  against  the  Uni¬ 
versity  Heights  Realty  and  Develop¬ 
ment  Co.  to  enforce  payment  of  mort¬ 
gage  notes  past  due.  On  Thursday  the 
motion  for  receiver  was  argued  before 
Judge  Dwyer.  The  newspaper  reports 
say  no  disposition  to  spare  Lewis  was 
shown  by  either  the  contending  attor¬ 
neys  or  the  judge.  All  admitted  that 
the  creditors  sadly  need  protection. 

John  W.  Williams,  the  alleged  con¬ 
troller,  seems  to  be  making  gooa  use  of 
his  time  and  of  the  authority  given  him 
by  Lewis.  It  seems  now  that  he  has 
sold  and  removed  all  the  presses  and 
machinery  in  both  the  Daily  and  the 
Magazine  buildings.  We  have  not  heard 
that  the  creditors  who  deposited  their 
claims  with  him  got  any  of  the  pro¬ 
ceeds.  But  we  do  not  believe  that  the 
courts  will  allow  such  sale  of  the  assets 
of  a  bankrupt  company  to  stand,  and  it 
will  be  the  duty  of  Attorney  Hall  to 
find  and  restore  the  property  to  credi¬ 
tors.  Otherwise  it  would  be  lost  to 
them ;  and  when  Lewis  was  selling  these 
securities  to  the  people  he  represented 
that  this  property  was  worth  hundreds 
of  thousands  of  dollars.  Perhaps  you 
can  now  understand  why  Lewis  wanted 
you  to  send  your  securities  to  himself  or 
Mr.  Williams.  Read  his  depositor’s 
agreement  as  published  in  his  own  paper, 
and  see  what  redress  you  would  have  if 
he  sold  everything  in  the  possession  of 
different  companies,  and  paid  out  the 
proceeds  to  himself  and  others  as  sal¬ 
aries  and  expense.  Mr.  Williams  is  send¬ 
ing  out  a  printed  letter  in  which  he  says 
if  you  send  him  your  claims,  a  friendly 
receiver  may  be  appointed.  Did  you 
stop  to  consider  what  that  means?  It 
means  a  receiver  friendly  to  him.  But 
in  such  a  suit  you,  as  a  creditor,  are  in 
a  suit  against  him  and  his  companions, 
so  that  a  receiver  friendly  to  him  is  a 
receiver  against  you.  His  argument,  if 
rightly  understood,  is  an  argument  for 
you  to  keep  your  securities  away  from 
him,  and  to  use  your  influence  to  have  a 
receiver  appointed  who  would  know  no 
friends,  but  who  would  administer  the 
affairs  solely  for  the  benefit  of  yourself 
and  other  creditors  like  you.  This  last 
appeal  by  Mr.  Williams  beats  all  the 
cunning  but  silly  arguments  that  we 
have  yet  seen  put  forth  in  the  whole 
Lewis  fake  game.  In  effect  it  says  if  a 
man  owes  you,  and  you  have  to  sue  him 
to  get  your  money,  you  must  ask  the 
court  to  let  the  debtor  decide  whether 
pr  not  you  are  to  get  your  money.  Isn’t 
it  an  insult  to  anyone’s  intelligence  that 
such  a  proposition  should  be  proposed  to 
him?  Anyway,  it  has  not  worked.  The 
claims  now  filed  against  the  Lewis  con¬ 
cerns  exceed  $100,000.  And  neither 
Lewis  nor  Williams  can  get  a  single  one 
of  them  in  any  way  except  by  putting 
up  the  cash  for  them.  Besides,  new 
claims  are  coming  in  every  day  from 
subscribers  and  their  friends. 

It  is  yet  difficult  to  say  what  claims 
have  prospect  of  payment  in  full  or  in 
part;  but  all  claims  of  every  kind  ought 
to  be  put  in  now,  and  put  in  shape  for 
proof  of  claim  that  the  present  interests 
of  the  holders  may  be  protected.  Claims 
sent  to  us  or  to  Claud  D.  Hall,  705 
Olive  street,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  will  be 
properly  filed  and  protected. 

EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — The  main  case  of  the  gov¬ 
ernment  against  the  Standard  Oil  Company 
on  an  indictment  charging  the  acceptance 
or  rebates  will  not  be  placed  on  trial  before 
Fall,  if  then.  After  the  close  of  the  govern¬ 
ment’s  argument  on  the  question  in  issue 
under  the  “special  plea  in  bar,”  Judge 
Hazel  adjourned  the  present  term  of  United 
states  Court  and  announced  that  he  would 
take  the  question  under  advisement  and 
hand  down  a  decision  in  the  course  of  the 
Summer.  Whatever  that  decision  may  be, 
an  appeal  to  the  United  States  Supreme 
Court  either  by  the  government  or  the  de¬ 
fendant  oil  company  is  probable,  so  that 
the  trial  of  the  main  issue  may  be  post¬ 
poned  indefinitely.  The  question  at  issue 
under  the  “special  plea  in  bar”  is  whether 
a  man  can  twice  be  placed  in  jeopardy  for 
the  same  offence,  and  is  based  upon  the  fifth 
amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States.  It  is  a  point  in  procedure 
that,  so  far  as  known,  has  never  before 
been  raised  in  the  United  States  courts  un¬ 
der  the  Interstate  Commerce  law.  If  the 
special  plea  is  upheld,  the  plaintiff  is  barred 
from  further  prosecution  of  the  action. 

Harry  Davidoff,  a  young  real  estate  spec¬ 
ulator,  who  used  a  “23”  puzzle  scheme  in 
connection  with  the  sale  of  nineteen  hun¬ 
dred  lots  at  Quogue,  L.  I.,  was  convicted 
of  using  the  mails  to  defraud  investors  in 
the  Criminal  Branch  of  the  United  States 
J.Jreu  Court  at  New  York  and  was  fined 
?.j00  May  26  by  Judge  Holt.  Davidoff 
promised  lots  free  to  solvers  of  the  “23” 
puzzle,  and  then  charged  the  winners  $9.30 
attorney’s  fees  for  recording  the  lots.  He 
Will  pay  the  fine. 

President  Taft  denied  May  24  the  appli¬ 
cations  for  pardon  of  Charles  W.  Morse, 
cue  former  New  York  banker  who  is  serving 
a  fifteen  year  sentence  in  the  Federal  peni- 
tentiary  at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  and  John  R. 
Walsh,  the  Chicago  financier  who  is  serving 


a  five  year  sentence  at  Leavenworth,  Kan. 
In  deciding  against  Morse  and  Walsh  the 
President  has  resisted  the  most  powerful  in¬ 
fluences  that  have  been  brought  to  bear 
upon  him  on  any  subject  since  he  entered 
the  White  House.  In  his  memorandum 
announcing  his  rejection  of  the  applications 
he  alludes  to  the  influential  and  prominent 
persons  who  have  petitioned  in  behalf  of 
the  prisoners  and  adds  that  they  apparently 
fail  to  appreciate  the  high  importance  to 
society  that  such  criminal  breaches  of  trust 
as  Morse  and  Walsh  are  guilty  of  should 
be  severely  punished.  In  the  case  of  Morse 
the  prisoners  wife  presented  a  petition  bear¬ 
ing  the  names  of  about  10,000  persons,  in¬ 
cluding  many  in  political  life.  In  Walsh’s 
case  the  requests  for  clemency  also  came 
from  many  well  known  in  politics,  society 
and  business.  The  President,  in  his  opinion, 
lays  down  certain  principles  concerning  the 
violation  of  the  national  banking  laws  in 
considering  the  Walsh  case  and  then  applies 
these  principles  to  the  Morse  appeal.  The 
President  holds  that  both  men  were  guilty 
in  proportion  to  the  trust  and  confidence 
extended  in  them.  He  points  out  the  neces¬ 
sity  of  the  Government's  emphasizing  the 
difference  between  “honest  business  and  dis¬ 
honest  breaches  of  trust,”  particularly  be¬ 
cause  the  present  “mad  rush  for  wealth” 
has  dimmed  the  lines  between  “profit  from 
legitimate  business  and  improper  gain  from 
undue  use  of  trust  control  over  other  peo¬ 
ple's  property  and  money.” 

Sixteen  commission  merchants  and  job¬ 
bers  in  live  poultry  were  put  on  trial  May 
24  before  Judge  Itosalsky  in  New  York  Gen¬ 
eral  Sessions  for  conspiring  to  obtain  con¬ 
trol  of  wholesale  trade  in  live  poultry  to 
the  detriment  of  trade  and  commerce.  There 
were  eighty-six  indicted  for  the  same  of¬ 
fense.  Those  whose  cases  were  called  at 
this  time  are  members  of  the  New  York 
Commission  Merchants  Live  Poultry  Protec¬ 
tive  Association  and  of  the  Jobbers  Asso¬ 
ciation.  It  is  alleged  that  with  a  system 
of  fines  and  pooling  of  profits  they  controlled 
90  per  cent  of  the  live  poultry  business. 
The  sixteen  defendants  are  Samuel  Wer¬ 
ner,  Solomon  Frankel,  E.  Maury  Posey,  Jo¬ 
seph  Cohen,  Abraham  Kassel,  Pauline  Ja¬ 
cobs,  Louis  J.  Schwab,  Ewing  J.  Dwyer, 
Charles  Westerberg,  William  W.  Smith, 
Charles  L.  Jewell,  James  N.  Norris,  William 
II.  Norris,  Charles  Thatcher,  Clemon 
Bishop  and  David  A.  Jewell. 

Fire  at  Coney  Island  in  the  morning  of 
May  27  burned  over  10  acres  and  caused  a 
loss  of  $3,225,000.  The  fire  started  in 
Dreamland,  this  place  alone  suffering  a  loss 
of  $2,225,000.  In  the  ruins  were  the 
charred  bodies  of  about  80  animals,  lions, 
bears,  monkeys,  deer,  leopards  and  various 
hybrids,  which  had  been  a  part  of  Col.  Fer- 
rari’s  animal  show ;  and  out  near  the 
beach  lay  the  body  of  a  leopard  which 
Policeman  Jim  Dooley  had  chased  through 
the  smoke  and  finally  had  killed  with  his 
revolver,  and  on  Surf  avenue  lay  Black 
Prince,  a  lion,  which  also  had  got  out  of 
the  animal  show  and  had  been  laid  low 
by  bullets  from  the  revolvers  of  many  po¬ 
licemen.  Little  Ilip,  the  elephant,  which  in 
its  baby  days  used  to  proffer  programs  with 
its  trunk  in  the  lobby  of  the  Hippodrome, 
cauld  not  be  induced  to  move  from  the  old 
Bostock  arena  and  was  burned  to  death. 
Col.  Ferrari,  Jack  Bonavita  and  Dr.  F.  W. 
Hastings,  veterinarian  to  the  animal  show, 
got  five  lionesses,  six  ponies,  two  llamas, 
a  monkey,  a  Great  Dane  and  four  leopards 
out  of  the  building.  Then  as  there  was 
no  time  to  drive  the  eighty  or  more  ani¬ 
mals  still  in  cages  into  transfer  boxes 
Capt.  Bonavita  ran  from  cage  to  cage  shoot¬ 
ing  the  trained  wild  animals  through  the 
head  until  he  could  stand  the  heat  and 
smoke  no  longer. 

Charges  of  attempts  to  bribe  the  United 
States  District  Attorney  and  one  of  the 
jurors  were  made  May  29  in  the  United 
States  Circuit  Court  at  New  York  after 
Christopher  Columbus  Wilson,  president  of 
the  United  Wireless  Telegraph  Company, 
and  four  of  his  associates  had  been  con¬ 
victed  of  conspiracy  and  of  using  the  mails 
to  defraud  in  selling  wireless  stock.  District 
Attorney  Wise  told  the  court  of  the  at¬ 
tempts  at  bribery,  one  of  which  he  attrib¬ 
uted  afterward  to  a  well  known  lawyer,  and 
lail  sentences  on  all  five  defendants  fol¬ 
lowed.  They  were  sent  to  the  Tombs  with¬ 
out  bail  and  a  ten  days  stay  of  execution 
of  sentence  was  granted  them  to  prepare 
an  appeal.  The  costs  of  the  prosecution, 
estimated  at  $50,000,  were  entered  against 
them  separately  and  collectively.  The  men 
found  guilty  by  the  jury  and  sentenced  by 
Judge  Martin  are  :  President  Wilson,  three 
years  in  Atlanta ;  Treasurer  William  A. 
Diboll,  one  year  in  the  New  York  peniten¬ 
tiary  ;  Francis  X.  Butler,  legal  adviser,  two 
years  in  Atlanta ;  William  W.  Tompkins, 
president  of  the  New  York  stock  selling 
agency  for  the  wireless  company,  one  year 
on  Blackwell’s  Island ;  George  W.  Parker, 
Western  fiscal  agent,  two  years  in  Atlanta. 
Samuel  S.  Bogart,  first  vice-president  of 
the  United  Wireless  Telegraph  Company, 
who  pleaded  guilty  a  week  after  the  trial  of 
President  Wilson  and  the  other  defendants 
got  under  way,  escaped  with  a  fine.  Judge 
Martin,  before  whom  the  wireless  cases 
have  been  on  trial  for  three  weeks,  sen¬ 
tenced  him  to  pay  a  fine  of  $2,500.  Bogart 
is  the  only  one  of  the  six  defendants  to 
escape  a  jail  sentence. 

Fire  at  the  Chutes,  an  amusement  park 
near  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  May  29,  caused 
four  deaths  and  a  loss  of  $250,000. 

The  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States 
decided  the  action  of  the  government 
against  the  American  Tobacco  Company 
and  allied  corporations,  brought  to  dissolve 
the  alleged  "Tobacco  Trust,”  in  favor  of 
the  government  on  the  main  points  at 
issue  in  the  case.  The  American  Tobacco 
Company  is  held  to  be  a  combination  in  re¬ 
straint  of  trade  and  a  monopoly  in  viola¬ 
tion  of  law.  The  United  Cigar  Stores 
Company,  the  •  British- American  Tobacco 
Company  and  the  Imperial  Tobacco  Com¬ 
pany,  the  so-called  British  trust,  the  bills 
against  which  were  dismissed  by  the  Circuit 
Court,  were  found  violative  of  the  law. 
The  decision  affects  65  American  corpora¬ 
tions,  two  English  corporations  and  29  in¬ 
dividual  defendants.  The  case  is  sent  back 
to  the  Circuit  Court  here  to  give  an  op¬ 
portunity  to  the  company  to  disintegrate 
and  recreate  a  condition  of  transacting 
business  not  repugnant  to  the  law.  If  at 
the  end  of  six  or  eight  months  the  corpora¬ 
tions  fail  to  bring  themselves  in  harmony 
with  the  law,  a  receivership  and  dissolution 
will  follow.  The  company  is  held  to  have 
been  guilty  of  intimidation  and  to  have 
shown  a  clear  purpose  to  stifle  competition. 
Chief  Justice  White  announced  the  decision, 
which  was  unanimously  against  the  com¬ 
pany,  although  Justice  Harlan  dissented  on 
two  points.  As  in  the  Standard  Oil  case. 
Justice  Harlan  resents  the  application  of 
the  “rule  of  reason”  to  the  Sherman  anti¬ 
trust  law.  The  court  having  held  the  de¬ 
fendant  corporations  guilty  of  conscious 


wrongdoing,  Justice  Harlan  “is  not  at  all 
anxious”  to  perpetuate  any  new  combination 
growing  out  of  them. 

FARM  AND  GARDEN. — The  next  annual 
meeting  of  the  American  Association  of  Far¬ 
mers’  Institute  Workers  will  be  held  at 
Columbus,  Ohio,  November  13  to  15,  1911. 
At  the  same  place  and  beginning  November 
15  will  be  held  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
Association  of  American  Agricultural  Col¬ 
leges  and  Experiment  Stations. 

At  a  sale  of  Jersey  cattle  May  30  at 
T.  S.  Cooper’s  Linden  Grove  farm,  Coopers- 
burg.  Pa.,  J.  B.  Haggin  of  Lexington  bought 
the  king  of  the  herd,  Noble  of  Oaklands, 
for  $15,000,  the  record  price  for  a  Jersey 
bull.  An  hour  later  Mr.  Haggin  paid  an¬ 
other  record  price,  buying  Lady  Viola,  the 
queen  of  the  herd,  for  $7,000.  This  is  said 
to  be  the  highest  price  ever  paid  for  a 
Jersey  cow.  Lady  Viola  is  the  mother  of 
Noble  of  Oaklands,  and  the  $22,000  paid  for 
the  pair  exceeds  by  $6,000  any  price  here¬ 
tofore  paid  for  a  pair  of  Jersey  cattle.  Mr. 
Haggin  bought  20  head  of  cattle  for  $36,- 
660.  The  second  highest  bidder  at  the 
sale  was  T.  De  Witt  Cuyler  of  Taoli,  Pa., 
who  bought  a  bull  for  $6,700  and  seven 
cows  at  $1,750  each.  A  total  of  164  head 
were  sold,  including  18  bulls.  85  cows.  45 
heifers,  nine  bull  calves  and  seven  heifer 
calves  for  $125,515.  A  fine  herd  was  pur¬ 
chased  by  P.  A.  B.  Widener.  Other  heavy 
buyers  were  C.  J.  Hudson,  of  East  Norwich, 
N.  Y.,  and  A.  B.  Clark,  of  Bryn  Mawr. 

DIARY  OF  FARM  WORK. 

After  an  Oregon  Rain, 

May  19,  last  night,  when  the  downpour 
of  the  last  three  or  four  days  slacked  up, 
it  in  some  way  made  a  person  feel  as  if 
a  change  was  at  hand.  I  even  turned  the 
cows  out  in  the  pasture  for  the  night,  al¬ 
though  Father  objected,  but  the  next 
morning  the  sun  emphatically  advised  the 
few  remaining  clouds  to  move  on.  From 
all  appearance  our  first  growing,  warm. 
Spring  weather  will  soon  be  here.  Our  sil¬ 
age  corn  ground  was  partly  plowed  before 
the  rain,  but  now  it  will  not  do  to  touch 
before  the  first  of  the  week.  One  end  of 
the  corn  ground  is  low  and  wet,  but  with 
the  fine  Spring  that  we  have  had  we  hoped 
to  get  through  another  season  without 
ditching  it,  but  this  rain  impressed  on  us 
our  “penny-wise,  pound-foolish”  policy,  so 
we  spent  the  day  at  odd  jobs,  ordering  tile, 
and  getting  ready  to  put  the  men  to  ditch¬ 
ing.  We  shall  go  ahead  plowing  for  corn 
the  first  of  the  week,  but  will  leave  the 
low  part  for  potatoes  and  other  late  garden 
fruits  after  the  tile  is  in  and  the  water  off. 

May  20,  weather  fine.  The  early  garden 
and  berry  batch  need  cultivation  badly,  but 
they  were  too  wet  to  touch,  so  witli  some 
misgivings  we  said  “wait  until  Monday.” 
Many  of  the  neighbors  are  finishing  putting 
in  grain,  but  admit  that  it  is  too  wet.  Our 
grain  is  all  up  and  was  in  fine  shape  to 
secure  the  full  benefit  of  that  rain.  That 
rain  made  lots  of  hay,  too.  We  wanted  to 
get  at  the  corn  ground  and  garden,  but 
'Father  said  “too  wet,”  so  we  did  rainy  day 
and  odd  jobs  in  the  sunshine.  Put  caps 
on  the  bee-hives;  rather  late,  but  up  to 
now  it  has  been  too  cool  for  the  bees  to 
work.  Still  feeding  kale  which  is  in  full 
bloom,  and  the  cows  eat  it  up  well.  Pas¬ 
ture  fine.  CHAS.  H.  HAYS. 

Washington  Co.,  Oregon. 

A  Rush  in  Northern  Vermont. 

Monday,  May  22,  found  things  rather 
complicated  at  Brigham  Farm.  Last  Fall 
we  seeded  about  20  acres  of  land  to  rye, 
to  act  as  a  cover  crop  and  to  furnish  green 
material  to  plow  under  this  Spring.  The 
rye  grew  very  little  in  the  cold  weather 
of  the  early  Spring,  but  during  the  hot 
wave  of  the  past  10  days  it  had  grown 
amazingly.  Here  we  were  with  about  15 
acres  of  the  rye  yet  to  turn  under,  with 
some  of  the  land  too  hard  and  dry  to 
plow,  and  the  thermometer  Sunday  regis¬ 
tered  90  in  the  shade,  which  showed  what 
we  might  expect  in  the  way  of  weather  for 
Monday.  There  were  also  several  bushels 
of  potatoes  spread  out  on  the  barn  floor 
to  sprout,  which  should  be  put  in  as  soon 
as  possible.  The  men  were  equal  to  the 
emergency,  and  at  4.30  a.  m.  two  teams 
were  plowing  rye,  while  the  rest  of  us 
milked  and  separated  the  cream.  From  7 
until  8  the  teams  were  laid  off  for  bx-eak- 
fast,  then  put  on  the  plow  again  and 
worked  more  slowly  because  of  the  heat 
until  11,  when  the  land  which  had  been 
plowed  was  harrowed  to  prevent  farther 
drying  out.  One  of  the  day  men  uncov¬ 
ered  .and  finished  crating  the  seed  potatoes 
which  had  been  piled  in  the  field 
last  Fall  and  covered  with  alternate 

layers  of  straw  and  dirt.  These  pota¬ 
toes  came  out  in  tine  shape,  being  hard 
and  firm,  with  sprouts  just  beginning 

to  show.  Another  man  cut  potatoes  and 
changed  the  batches  which  were  soaking 
in  the  formaldehyde  solution.  A  single 
team  went  to  town  with  the  cream.  In 
the  afternoon  plow  teams  were  laid  off 
until  4.30.  The  drivers  worked  on  the 
corn  planter.  The  witch  grass  was  begin¬ 
ning  to  show  in  a  field  of  potatoes  which 
had  been  planted  a  week.  I  put  in  two 
disks  in  place  of  front  teeth  on  riding  cul¬ 
tivator  and  ran  close  to  rows,  cutting  off 
much  of  the  witch  grass  and  burying  the 
rest ;  millions  of  little  weeds  were  also 
thrown  up  to  the  sun.  Thermometer  90 
in  shade,  so  could  not  work  half  the  time 
for  fear  of  heating  the  horses.  Plow  teams 
finished  three  acres  of  rye  while  rest 
milked. 

Tuesday,  May  23. — Ed  fed  horses  at  3.30. 
At  4  four  big  horses  were  on  Cutaway 
harrow  and  had  three  acres  of  potato 
ground  fitted  at  7.  Light  team  cultivated 
in  potato  field  from  4.30  until  6.30.  After 
breakfast  one  team  smoothed  some  potato 
ground  and  then  harrowed  corn  ground 
with  the  smoothing  harrow.  Another 
team  went  to  planting  potatoes,  while  sin¬ 
gle  team  carried  cream.  Two  boys  mixed 
a  ton  of  chemicals  for  corn  while  I  coated 
seed  corn  with  tar.  At  noon  weather 
turned  slightly  cooler.  Kept  on  planting 
potatoes  and  at  3  had  1%  acres  done.  No 
more  seed  cut.  The  other  team  finished 
harrowing  four  acres  corn  land  and  picked 
up  the  stone.  At  3  p.  m.  was  ready  to 
plant  corn,  but  weather  so  threatening  that 
I  did  not  want  to  put  out  fertilizer.  Put 
light  team  on  cultivator;  laid  off  heavy 
teams.  Men  cut  potatoes  and  milked.  All 
through  at  6.  Little  rain  fell  to  break 
the  drought,  but  the  weather  is  cooler. 
This  is  not  the  usual  routine  at  Brigham 
Farm,  but  during  the  extreme  hot  weather 
when  we  have  heavy  work  to  do  we  plan 
to  work  the  teams  during  the  cool  of  the 


day.  I  do  not  ask  the  men  to  do  this,  but 
they  do  it  of  their  own  volition,  because 
they  like  their  teams  and  are  anxious  to 
see  the  work  go  on  as  fast  as  possible  and 
with  the  least  possible  injury  to  the  horses. 
Such  times  make  me  long  for  a  gasoline 
tractor  which  will  pull  plows  and  harrow 
and  not  suffer  from  the  heat.  To-morrow 
we  shall  keep  two  teams  plowing  under  rye 
and  another  planting  corn,  while  extra  men 
cut  potatoes.  If  dry  weather  holds  we  shall 
have  to  mow  rye  with  the  machine  and  let 
it  lie  on  the  ground  until  a  rain  wets  the 
ground  so  we  can  plow. 

Vermont.  E.  s.  brigha.w. 

Corn  Planting  in  Ohio. 

May  26. — Got  the  horses  up  out  of  pas¬ 
ture  and  fed  them.  Repaired  the  corn 
planter,  which  I  broke  the  evening  before. 
The  drive  chain  was  stretched  and  would 
not  run  properly  until  the  hooks  on  the 
links  were  bent  closer  by  hammering,  when 
it  ran  like  a  new  chain.  Next  the  gasoline 
engine  was  started  and  some  shelled  corn 
ground  for  the  team.  It  does  not  take  much 
time  to  grind  enough  for  several  days,  and 
besides  corn  is  now  dry  and  hard.  By  hav¬ 
ing  the  corn  ground  the  horses  are  able  to 
eat  their  grain  feed  and  have  time  for  some 
hay  during  the  noon  hour.  The  important 
work  of  the  day  is  the  corn  planting,  which, 
barring  a  few  stops  to  make  needed  adjust¬ 
ments  and  a  few  minor  repairs,  I  work  at 
from  7  to  12,  and  from  1  to  6  o’clock, 
making  10  hours  in  the  field.  The  seed 
corn  was  ready  shelled  and  graded, 
but  the  fertilizer  boxes  had  to  be 
filled  once  each  round.  I  used  a  two- 
horse  drill,  and  one  must  use  some 
care  in  turning,  besides  the  marker  must 
be  changed  to  the  other  side  of  the  planter. 
These  items  take  time,  and  I  was  not 
surprised  that  it  took  all  day  to  finish  an 
eight-acre  field ;  12  acres  is  a  good  day’s 
work  with  a  planter,  but  one  needs  long 
rows  and  some  one  to  handle  the  fertilizer. 
The  fertilizer  I  used  is  a  2-10-2  mixture 
costing  $24  per  ton,  and  50  to  80  pounds 
were  used  per  acre,  principally  to  give  the 
corn  an  early  start.  For  several  days  I  had 
been  working  the  field,  but  as  it  was  plowed 
late,  part  too  wet  and  part  too  dry,  I  did 
not  get  it  in  as  good  shape  as  I  like.  For 
one  thing,  the  soil  is  not  compact  and  set¬ 
tled  down  enough  so  that  capillary  moisture 
can  rise.  Another  field  plowed  earlier  is  in 
much  better  shape,  but  even  in  that  field 
the  corn  has  not  come  up  in  places,  owing 
to  a  lack  of  moisture.  The  field  just  planted 
was  dragged  soon  after  the  plow,  was  rolled, 
harrowed  and  dragged  again,  yet  by  far 
this  field  is  in  worse  shape  than  any  field 
I  ever  planted.  It  would  have  to  be  seen 
to  be  appreciated.  Most  places  the  planter 
struck  moisture  under  a  dry  surface,  but  in 
other  places  a  lot  of  dry  clods  of  a  brick¬ 
like  hardness  were  encountered.  These  will 
be  waste  places  unless  we  should  get  copious 
rains  soon,  when  such  spots  may  be  re¬ 
planted.  The  planter  was  not  locked  down, 
but  was  allowed  to  float  with  the  surface, 
planting  the  corn  at  a  quite  uniform  depth. 
The  corn  was  covered  two  or  three  inches 
deep  intentionally,  because  of  the  hot,  dry 
weather.  We  have  had  no  rain  for  four 
weeks,  barring  a  few  light  showers  which 
soon  evaporated  and  night  temperatures  of 
70  degrees  and  day  temperatures  of  90  to 
97  degrees  in  the  shade  are  common.  To¬ 
day  the  thermometer  registered  95  degrees 
for  a  considerable  part  of  the  day,  and  the 
ftir  was  noticeably  dry  with  no  indication 
of  rain.  After  quitting  for  the  day  the 
horses  were  watered,  fed  and  later  turned 
out  on  pasture.  After  doing  a  few  chores 
I  tried  to  attend  to  some  of  my  corre¬ 
spondence.  Reading  is  almost  out  of  the 
question,  but  I  must  make  a  few  plans  for 
to-morrow. 

May  27. — Planted  over  with  one-horse 
drill  parts  of  three  rows  skipped  with  the 
two-horse  planter  yesterday,  caused  by  one 
of  the  shoes  getting  clogged.  These 
mishaps  are  bound  to  happen  at  times,  and 
hre  very  annoying.  Later  began  rolling  the 
field  just  planted,  but  the  weather  is  too 
hot  to  push  the  work.  Thermometer  reg¬ 
istered  96  degrees  in  the  shade  at  noon. 
The  roller  does  good  work  excepting  in  the 
clay  spots,  where  the  clods  are  so  hard 
that  to  crush  them  it  would  require  a  steam 
roller  and  it  would  have  to  be  of  the  Taft 
variety.  The  present  rolling  makes  six 
times  this  field  has  been  worked,  including 
planting,  since  plowing,  and  while  most  of 
It  is  well  settled  down  and  in  good  shape, 
several  heavy  showers  would  have  done  the 
work  better.  The  trampling  of  the  team 
is  quite  a  factor  in  packing  the  soil  and 
this  is  especially  so  in  planting,  as  the 
horses  walk  just  in  front  of  the  planter 
shoes.  I  have  never  planted  corn  so  late 
before,  and  once  I  planted  the  same  field  on 
the  25th  of  April ;  nor  is  it  any  satisfaction 
that  most  of  my  neighbors  are  also  late. 
The  present  drought  is  the  most  serious 
matter  with  us.  The  last  weather  map 
shows  a  “high”  over  the  Gulf  States  and 
a  “low”  over  Nebraska,  just  the  right  con¬ 
ditions  to  give  us  unusually  hot,  dry 
weather.  This  is  much  more  serious  than 
a  Summer  drought,  for  then  only  corn  and 
pasture  are  affected,  whereas  now  oats, 
wheat,  meadoWs,  pastures  and  even  corn 
are  suffering.  I  did  not  finish  the  rolling 
owing  to  the  heat.  The  job  can  be  finished 
Monday  as  there  now  seems  to  be  no  indi¬ 
cations  of  rain  to  stop  work ;  besides  the 
horses  will  be  fresh  after  a  day  of  rest. 
As  all  the  stock  are  out  on  pasture  I  have 
practically  no  chores  for  Sunday,  and  my 
time  will  likely  be  divided  between  church, 
reading  and  taking  pictures. 

Highland  Co.,  O.  w.  e.  duckwall. 


The  crop  of  Winter  apples  in  this  county 
will  be  from  one- third  to  one-half.  Early 
apples  a  little  better.  Canker  worm  very 
baa  in  many  orchards.  e. 

Ingham  Co.,  Mich. 

After  a  dry  and  backward  Spring  North 
Michigan  has  been  blessed  with  plenty  of 
rains  during  the  past  week  (May  22),  and 
as  the  weather  continues  warm  things  are 
growing  finely.  Prospects  for  early  apples 
are  good,  but  Winter  varieties  are  not  blos¬ 
soming  very  freely.  D.  u. 

Mancelina,  Mich. 

For  this  time  of  the  year  we  have  the 
most  severe  drought  for  many  years.  No 
rain  has  fallen  in  this  section  since  the 
middle  of  April.  The  ground  is  dry  and 
hard  as  a  brick.  Hay  will  not  be  any¬ 
thing  ;  oats  are  suffering.  Corn,  what  is 
up.  is  standing  still.  Potatoes  will  be  a 
failure,  bugs  eating  them  as  they  come  out 
of  the  ground.  Wheat  will  be  short  in  the 
straw,  but  seems  pretty  well  headed  con¬ 
sidering  the  dry  weather.  Streams  are  get¬ 
ting  low  and  many  wells  have  gone  dry. 
Strawberries  are  almost  an  entire  failure. 
Truck  of  all  kinds  have  suffered.  Fan¬ 
ners  have  not  been  able  to  set  out  their 
tomato  plants.  H.  z.  M. 

Baldwin,  Md. 


672 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

ANGELS. 

In  the  old  days  God  sent  Ilis  angels  oft 
To  men  in  thrashing  floors,  to  women 
pressed 

With  daily  task ;  they  came  to  tent  and 
croft, 

And  whispered  words  of  blessing  and  of 
rest. 

Not  mine  to  guess  what  shapes  those  angels 
wore 

Nor  tell  what  voice  they  spoke,  nor  with 
what  grace 

They  brought  the  dear  love  down  that 
evermore 

Makes  lowliest  souls  its  best  abiding 
place. 

But  in  these  days  I  know  my  angels  well ; 
They  brush  my  garments  on  the  com¬ 
mon  way, 

They  take  my  hand  and  very  softly  tell 
Some  bit  of  comfort  for  my  weary  day. 

And,  though  their  angels’  names  I  do  not 
ken, 

Though  in  their  faces  human  love  I  read, 
They  are  God-given  to  this  world  of  men, 
God  sent  to  bless  it  in  its  hour  of  need. 

Child,  mother,  wife,  brave  hearts  that  take 
The  rough  and  bitter  cross,  and  help  us 
bear 

Its  heavy  weight  when  strength  is  like  to 
break — 

God  bless  you  all,  our  angels  unaware ! 

— Margaret  E.  Sangster. 

* 

i 

Some  pretty  gingham  dresses  shown 
by  one  New  York  shop  were  accom¬ 
panied  by  hand  bags  of  the  same  ging¬ 
ham,  made  up  with  metal  frames.  These 
bags  are  made  to  order  for  50  cents. 
'All  the  frame  bags  are  flat.  Some  hand¬ 
some  bags  were  of  white  moire  in  flat 
envelope  shape,  edged  with  a  flat  bind 
of  white  silk  braid,  and  finished  with 
white  cord  and  tassels. 

* 

Strawberry  turnovers  are  simple,  but 
good.  Make  a  rich  biscuit  dough,  roll 
about  one-third  of  an  inch  thick,  and 
cut  into  rounds.  Mark  into  halves ;  on 
one  half  put  as  many  sweetened  berries 
as  the  dough  will  hold,  fold  over  the 
other  half,  moisten  the  edges,  and 
pinch  together.  Brush  the  turnover 
with  melted  butter,  and  bake ;  serve 
with  sweetened  or  whipped  cream.  It 
makes  a  pleasant  change  from  short¬ 
cake. 

* 

Anyone  who  has  traveled  on  the  New 
York  Subway  during  the  rush  hours 
knows  how  great  the  jam  is  on  the  up¬ 
town  platforms  which  are  reached  by 
elevators.  The  New  York  Sun  says  that 
while  the  crowd  was  slowly  pushing 
along  the  168th  street  Subway  station 
the  other  day  on  its  way  to  a  big  game 
a  man  suddenly  began  excitedly  feeling 
his  coat  front,  the  coats  of  those  near 
him  and  looking  at  as  much  of  the 
ground  as  was  visible,  murmuring 
“That’s  very  strange !  I  had  them  on 
my  nose  a  minute  ago — very  strange !” 

A  while  later  when  progress  had  been 
gradually  made  to  the  elevator  a  girl 
was  punctuating  her  conversation  with 
emphatic  nods  and  thereby  tickling  the 
face  of  a  man  in  the  back  of  her  with  • 
her  gracefully  angled  plumes  when  he 
touched  her  upon  the  shoulder.  “Par¬ 
don  me,”  said  he,  “but  do  you  know 
that  you  have  a  pair  of  eyeglasses  in 
your  feathers?”  It  took  about  a  minute 
to  notify  the  eyeglassless  man  of  the 
discovery. 

* 

A  friend  who  has  a  large  glass 
aquarium  globe  wondered  whether  it 
was  not  possible  to  grow  water  lilies 
in  it,  as  a  decoration  for  porch  or  door- 
yard.  We  could  not  recommend  this, 
though  a  tub  sunken  in  the  ground  will 
afford  a  congenial  home  for  choice 
water  lilies.  The  aquarium  globe,  how¬ 
ever,  is  desirable  for  the  water  hyacinth, 
Eichhornia  speciosa,  a  very  odd  and 
beautiful  plant  which  floats  on  the  sur¬ 
face  of  the  water,  buoyed  up  by  its  in¬ 
flated  bladder-like  petioles.  Its  bloom 


is  a  showy  spike  of  pale  lavender  and 
the  plant  itself  is  a  brilliant  lettuce 
green,  attractive  at  all  stages.  Where 
the  water  is  shallow  it  sends  roots 
down  into  the  mud,  but  grown  in  an 
aquarium  seems  quite  happy  without 
any  soil,  the  glass  displaying  the  thread¬ 
like  roots  below,  as  well  as  the  tender 
green  above.  This  water  hyacinth  is 
the  “million-dollar  weed”  of  the  news¬ 
papers,  its  persistent  growth  blocking 
Florida  rivers,  and  compelling  Govern¬ 
ment  appropriations  to  thin  it  out,  be¬ 
cause  of  the  obstruction  to  navigation. 
It  is  a  native  of  Brazil,  which,  like 
many  other  plant  immigrants,  tends  to 
become  a  greater  nuisance  abroad  than 
at  home.  Of  course  frost  prevents  any 
possibility  of  its  becoming  a  nuisance 
at  the  North,  and  it  has  given  us  much 
pleasure  as  an  aquarium  plant. 

* 

According  to  James  Forbes,  secretary 
of  the  National  Association  for  the 
Prevention  of  Mendicancy,  this  city 
gives  from  $30,000  to  $40,000  a  day  to 
street  beggars,  practically  all  of  whom 
are  undeserving.  According  to  Mr. 
Forbes  there  are  from  7,000  to  8,000 
beggars  in  the  city,  whose  pickings  aver¬ 
age  $5  to  $6  a  day.  The  New  York 
police  are  now  extremely  lenient  to  beg¬ 
gars,  and  they  are  rarely  interfered 
with.  Among  them  are  a  great  many 
strong,  husky  men,  who  often  become 
threatening  if  their  demands  are  not 
complied  with.  There  is  so  much  real 
need  in  New  York  that  it  is  saddening 
to  think  of  the  money  thrown  away 
upon  professional  beggars,  who  fear 
nothing  so  much  as  honest  work.  If 
charitable  people  would  make  an  in¬ 
variable  rule  to  deny  the  demand  of  any 
street  beggar,  and  to  give  through  such 
bodies  as  the  Association  for  Improving 
the  Condition  of  the  Poor,  St.  Vincent 
de  Paul  Society,  or  Charity  Organiza¬ 
tion  Society,  they  could  feel  sure  they 
relieved  real  need,  instead  of  support¬ 
ing  the  vicious  in  idleness.  It  is  true 
that  a  wicked  man  feels  hunger  and 
cold  quite  as  much  as  a  good  one,  but 
that  is  no  reason  why  our  benefaction 
should  go  to  one  who  begs  insistently 
because  he  will  not  work,  while  honest 
poverty  and  suffering  languishes  be¬ 
yond  our  sight. 


Inexpensive  Floor  Coverings. 

Cream  Chinese  matting  at  25  cents  a 
yard  is  worth  the  money  for  a  sleeping 
room,  protected  here  and  there  by  small 
rugs  or  pieces  of  carpeting.  Matting  at 
15  cents  a  yard  will  give  good  service 
and  stand  turning,  but  after  having  had 
personal  experience  with  various  grades 
of  matting  in  both  dining  and  sleeping 
rooms,  the  suggestion  is  made  to  the 
housewife  who  desires  something  to 
“tide  over,”  to  see  if  her  home  merchant 
carries  a  floor  covering  now  used  in  cot¬ 
tages,  called  Dundee  Brussels.  This 
carpeting  is  double-faced,  one  side  with 
designs  in  imitation  of  Brussels  carpet¬ 
ing,  and  the  other  of  matting,  one  yard 
wide  at  30  cents  a  yard.  The  colors  are 
said  to  be  fast,  and  if  well  padded  un¬ 
derneath  with  newspapers,  and  well  laid, 
would  give  a  smooth  surface  to  care  for, 
and  without  doubt,  prove  worth  the 
money. 

In  the  way  of  homemade  rugs,  they 
take  rags,  time  and  patience.  The  old- 
fashioned  round  braided  rug  about  30 
inches  in  diameter,  made  of  rags  cut 
two  inches  wide,  with  three  colors 
braided  together,  is  the  best  looking 
homemade  rug  of  rags  yet  observed. 
Possibly  a  braided  rug  could  be  started 
to  form  a  sexagon  (six-sided)  instead 
of  the  usual  circular  form,  then  several 
could  be  joined  together,  forming  a  large 
rug.  But  alas,  it  would  be  a  long,  hard 
task  to  make,  and  hard  to  beat  such  a 
braided  rug,  yet  it  would  make  a  durable 
and  inexpensive  floor  covering  or  center 
piece.  MEDORA  CORBETT. 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  pat  tents  always  give 
number  of  patterns  and  measurements 
desired. 

Coats  that  give  straight  lines  are 
essentially  smart  this  season.  Here  is  a 
model  that  produces  the  effect  that  is 
distinctive  and  attractive  and  at  the 
same  time  quite  simple.  The  fact  that 
the  side  portions  and  sleeves  are  cut  in 
one  renders  fit  an  easy  matter.  The 
big  revers  and  collar  are  smart  and 


7020  Coat  with  Side  Body  Portions 
and  Sleeves  in  One,  34  to  42  bust. 


effective  and  the  model  will  be  found  a 
good  one  both  for  the  suit  and  for  the 
separate  coat.  If  a  simple  effect  is 
wanted,  revers  and  trimming  could  be 
of  contrasting  linen  or  of  eyelet  em¬ 
broidery  of  any  thing  similar.  The  coat 
is  made  with  fronts  and  back  and  with 
side  portions  that  are  cut  in  one  with 
the  sleeves.  It  is  turned  back  to  form 
the  revers  and  the  sleeves  are  finished 
with  rolled  over  and  flaring  cuffs.  For 
a  woman  of  medium  size  will  be  re¬ 


quired  4  yards  of  material  27,  2)4  yards 
36  or  44  inches  wide,  with  3)4  yards  of 
lace  banding  and  )4  yard  of  contrasting 
material  27  inches  wide  to  trim  as  illus¬ 
trated.  The  pattern,  No.  7020,  is  cut  in 
sizes  for  a  34,  36,  38,  40  and  42  inch  bust 
measure;  price  10  cents. 

The  smaller  pictures  include  7006, 
house  jacket,  small,  34  or  36;  medium, 
38  or  40;  large,  42  or  44.  7015,  bathing 

suit,  with  V-shaped  neck  and  sailor 
collar  or  high  neck  and  round  collar, 


June  10, 

with  or  without  bloomers ;  34  to  44  bust. 
6962,  bolero  jacket,  34  to  42  bust.  6906, 
circular  walking  skirt,  in  one  or  two 
pieces,  22  to  30  waist.  6864,  four-gored 
walking  skirt,  22  to  30  waist.  7032, 
blouse  for  misses  and  small  women,  14, 
16  and  18  years;  price  of  each  10  cents. 


My  Unsightly  Garden. 

Of  course  everything  about  a  garden 
should  be  neatness  and  order;  trim  bor¬ 
ders,  well-raked  gravel  walks,  tidy  beds, 
and  stakes  and  supports  all  well  set  and 
inconspicuous.  I  try  to  come  as  near 
this  ideal  as  I  can  in  my  little  garden, 
but  out  in  the  back  yard,  where  poultry 
and  weeds  are  forever  trying  to  make 
desolation,  is  an  overflow  plantation 
from  which  I  pick  many  a  bunch  of 
flowers  I  should  not  have  but  for  this 
strife  against  the  general  ugliness. 

Suppose  I  am  resetting  my  hardy 
Phlox.  I  turn  out  a  clump  four  times 
as  large  as  it  is  wise  to  replant.  I  slice 
it  into  quarters  with  a  strong  knife. 
There  is  room  for  but  half  of  it  in  the 
hardy  border,  and  it  is  too  pretty  to 
throw  away.  But  if  I  set  it  anywhere 
not  protected  by  netting  will  not  the 
hens  run  over  it,  and  take  dust  baths 
under  it,  and  reduce  it  to  nothingness 
in  about  a  week?  But  the  soil  looks  so 
soft  and  rich  there  next  the  rhubarb, 
and  flowers  are  so  much  prettier  than 
the  weeds  that  are  sure  to  grow  there. 
And  I  have  a  scheme.  I  plant  my  Phlox 
and  also  Iris  and  daffodils  and  paeonies 
and  cornflowers,  whatever  things  there 
are  to  throw  away,  uprooting  dock  and 
catnip  and  mallow,  perhaps,  to  give 
them  place.  Then  I  turn  a  bottomless 
box  or  pail  over  each,  pressing  it  well 
down.  Inside  such  a  screen  a  sturdy 
perennial  will  find  coolness  and  protec¬ 
tion  for  its  roots,  and  will  soon  be  look¬ 
ing  out  above  six  or  eight  inches  of 
wood  or  tin,  and  preparing  to  smile  in 
blossoming  serenity  above  the  heads  of 
their  enemies  in  feathers.  As  a  flower 
bed  it  is  not  pretty,  but  it  is  beautiful 
when  compared  with  burdock  and  plan¬ 
tain,  and  you  can  pick  every  blossom 
without  a  qualm  of  regret,  and  put  them 
in  cut-glass  vases  on  the  parlor  table 
and  forget  where  they  grew.  The  idea 
is,  of  course,  beneath  the  needs  of  those 
who  keep  all  poultry  properly  yarded, 
but  when  the  busy  farmer’s  wife  must 
be  cook  and  housemaid,  seamstress  and 
nursemaid,  and  forty  things  beside,  she 
knows  the  easing  of  her  poultry  raising 
when  fowls  roam  at  large.  Yet  what; 
barren  dooryards  one  sees  in  driving 
about  the  country!  Better  a  few  flow¬ 
ers  grown  after  my  inelegant  plan  than 
nothing  but  chicken  coops  and  stones 
and  sand.  pattie  eyman. 


The  Best  From  Southern  Tables. 

Not  all  of  the  many  good  dishes 
served  on  southern  tables  are  adaptable 
to  our  colder  climate,  owing  to  the 
lack  of  many  of  the  vegetables  and  con¬ 
diments  approved  by  them,  and  which 
lend  to  Creole  cookery  the  distinctly 
southern  touch.  Neither  would  all  be 
found  palatable  by  the  more  conserva¬ 
tive  northern  palate,  which  is  more 
chary  in  its  use  of  condiments  and 
sauces.  However,  there  are  certain  of 
the  viands  favored  of  southern  tables 
which  would  be  equally  delicious  in  any 
climate,  and  which  are  not  difficult  of 
adaptation  for  the  northern  table.  The 
recipes  which  follow  I  obtained  while 
on  a  visit  South,  and  have  since  en¬ 
joyed  them  on  my  own  table,  with  the 
few  changes  and  omissions  made  neces¬ 
sary  by  the  difference  in  climate. 

Gumbo  is  a  dish  that  would  be  equally 
delicious  under  any  other  name,  and 
usually  contains  okra,  a  vegetable  which 
is  not  always  either  obtainable  or  de¬ 
sirable.  To  make  it  cut  in  small  pieces 
one  medium  size  chicken  (or  two 
pounds  beef  or  veal  may  be  used  in¬ 
stead),  one-half  pound  lean  pork  or 


1911. 


THJi  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


673 


ham,  diced ;  one  onion,  one-half  pod 
pepper,  without  seeds,  and  a  sprig  of 
thyme  or  parsley.  Put  one  tablespoon¬ 
ful  each  of  lard  and  butter  into  a  deep 
kettle,  lay  in  the  meat  and  let  simmer 
10  minutes,  covered  closely.  Then  add 
the  other  ingredients,  and  when  well 
browned  pour  over  three  quarts  of  boil¬ 
ing  water,  set  on  back  of  range  and 
simmer  for  an  hour  or  longer.  When 
almost  done  add  one  pint  of  okra  cut  in 
pieces,  or  lacking  this,  one  pint  shelled 
green  peas,  together  with  two  large  to¬ 
matoes,  chopped  fine.  Serve  hot  with 
boiled  rice. 

Creole  Bread. — The  favorite  bread  of 
the  Creole  is  made  from  buttermilk, 
and  no  sweeter,  whiter  bread  could  be 
found  anywhere.  To  five  cupfuls  flour, 
sifted,  add  one  cake  compressed  (or 
one  cupful  liquid)  yeast,  softened  in  a 
little  water.  To  one  pint  warm  butter¬ 
milk  add  a  scant  teaspoonful  each  of  salt 
and  soda,  one-quarter  cupful  sugar  and 
two  tablespoonfuls  melted  butter.  Turn 
this  into  the  flour,  etc.,  beat  well,  and 
add  enough  flour  to  knead.  Let  rise, 
and  when  doubled  in  bulk  form  into  two 
loaves,  sprinkling  the  tops  with  cori¬ 
ander  seeds.  Let  rise  again  and  bake 
50  minutes. 

Chicken,  Creole  Style. — Heat  three 
tablespoonfuls  dripping  or  butter  in  a 
skillet,  and  fry  in  it  until  brown  three 
sliced  onions.  Disjoint  a  large,  tender 
chicken,  roll  it  in  flour  and  fry  in  the 
hot  fat  until  brown.  Place  the  chicken 
in  a  large  casserole  (your  covered  roast¬ 
ing  pan  will  do  just  as  well)  ;  add  to 
the  fat  in  the  skillet  two  tablespoon fuls 
of  flour  and  stir  until  smooth ;  then 
add  slowly  one  pint  strained  tomatoes, 
three  or  four  minced  green  peppers,  one- 
half  a  bay  leaf,  a  sprig  of  parsley, 
minced,  and  a  teaspoon  of  salt.  Cook 
all  together  five  minutes,  then  pour  over 
the  chicken,  cover  closely  and  bake  two 
hours. 

Glazed  Sweet  Potatoes. — Pare  and 
slice  eight  cold  boiled  sweet  potatoes, 
and  arrange  in  a  baking  dish.  Make  a 
syrup  from  one  teaspoonful  butter,  one 
cupful  brown  sugar,  one-half  cupful  of 
water  and  a  dust  of  cinnamon.  Pour 
this  over  the  potatoes  and  bake  until 
they  are  almost  transparent  and  covered 
with  a  glaze. 

Cornmeal  Crisp. — To  one  scant  cup 
of  cornmeal,  preferably  white  meal,  add 
gradually  while  stirring  constantly,  one 
cupful  of  boiling  water.  When  smooth 
add  two  and  one-half  tablespoonfuls  of 
melted  butter,  and  one-half  teaspoonful 
salt.  Spread  on  an  inverted  dripping 
pan  and  bake  until  well  browned.  This 
is  a  favorite  and  delicious  accompani¬ 
ment  to  a  dish  of  “greens.” 

Chile  Con  Came. — Soak  one  pint  of 
dried  Lima  beans  over  night ;  in  the 
morning  arrange  in  the  bean  pot  with 
one  pound  of  solid  lean  beef,  two  ounces 
of  sweet  fat  or  suet,  one  red  pepper 
cut  in  rings,  and  one-half  an  onion, 
shaved  fine.  Cover  all  with  water,  sea¬ 
son  with  salt,  one-half  teaspoonful  made 
mustard,  a  dash  of  tabasco  sauce,  and 
bake  slowly  in  a  moderate  oven  for 
three  or  four  hours. 

Torto  Frutas  (fruit  tart). — Line  the 
sides  of  a  baking  dish  with  puff  paste; 
cover  the  bottom  with  sliced  pineapple, 
then  a  layer  of  sliced  oranges,  next 
sliced  bananas,  then  a  few  slices  of 
lemon,  sifting  sugar  between  each  layer. 
Repeat  until  dish  is  full  and  cover  the 
top  with  chopped  nuts.  Lay  over  the 
top  narrow  strips  of  pastry,  and  bake 
slowly  for  an  hour. 

MAUDE  E.  S.  HYMERS. 


Insist  on  yourself ;  never  imitate.  Your 
own  gift  you  can  present  every  moment 
life’s  cultivation ;  but  of  the  adopted  tal¬ 
ent  of  another,  you  have  only  an  extem¬ 
poraneous,  half-possessor.  That  which 
each  can  do  best,  none  but  his  Maker 
can  teach  him.  No  man  yet  knows  what 
it  is,  nor  can,  till  that  person  has  ex¬ 
hibited  it. — Emerson. 


Charity  Sweetheart’s  Letter. 

It  is  absurd  the  way  our  skirts 
are  narrowed  by  the  dressmaker, 
and  we  really  wonder  what  will  be  the 
outcome.  One  does  not  like  to  appear 
odd  or  outlandish,  though  at  times  I 
feel  like  the  dear  old  ladies  in  Cranford 
who  said  that  it  did  not  matter  for  their 
style  of  dress,  as  at  home  everybody 
knew  them,  and  away  from  home  no¬ 
body  did.  I  am  not  given  to  prophecy, 
especially  in  the  matter  of  dress,  but 
should  not  be  at  all  surprised  if  we  re¬ 
turned  to  the  long-waisted  basques  and 
full  skirts  of  our  grandmother’s  day  be¬ 
fore  very  long.  Meanwhile  my  check 
blouses  and  skirts  of  shepherd’s  plaid 
are  most  serviceable  for  house  wear, 
and  they  are  wide  enough  for  comfort. 
The  garden  grows  apace,  so  do  the 
weeds.  It  was  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes 
who  said  once  that  nature  always  had 
her  pocket  full  of  seeds  and  holes  in 
her  pockets,  and  they  seem  to  be  always 
migrating,  helped  by  bird  and  beast,  by 
wind  and  wave.  So  the  hoes  have  to 
do  their  share  of  keeping  order,  and 
sharp  eyes  have  to  watch  for  the  many 
enemies  that  beset  our  growing  treas¬ 
ures.  Last  year  the  melons  faded  away 
while  I  was  busy  with  other  things,  but 
I  have  used  the  arsenate  of  lead  on  the 
hills,  and  so  far  they  have  kept  ahead 
of  the  enemy.  My  peas  are  in  bloom 
and  I  treat  them  once  a  week  to  an  ap¬ 
plication  of  nitrate  of  soda,  and  think 
it  will  pay  in  the  end,  for  they  are 
strong  and  thrifty  looking. 

All  Spring  I  have  been  quite  inter¬ 
ested  in  a  little  pine  tree  that  I  brought 
from  the  woods  and  planted  in  a  cor¬ 
ner  on  the  north  side  of  the  house.  I 
was  very  careful  to  keep  the  roots  cov¬ 
ered  in  transit,  and  with  mulching  and 
watering  it  is  still  green.  But  O  dear, 
how  long  it  takes  for  a  pine  tree  to 
grow!  Why  didn’t  some  one  plant  it 
years  ago?  I  suppose,  however,  we 
should  be  willing  to  plant  for  posterity — 
though  there  is  sadness  mingled  with 
the  pleasure,  but  to-day  I  have  the  little 
tree  with  its  refreshing  and  pungent 
leaf  odor. 

We  are  using  up  our  canned  tomatoes, 
and  a  city  friend  who  came  to  dinner 
lately  said  they  were  so  much  superior 
to  the  boughten  ones  that  she  has  de¬ 
termined  to  buy  glass  cans  this  year  and 
put  some  up  herself.  I  encouraged  her 
in  the  idea,  but  advised  her  to  try  to 
get  the  tomatoes  fresh  from  some  gar¬ 
den  where  they  were  not  long  picked, 
instead  of  at  the  grocery  store,  for 
freshness  was  one  of  the  necessary  in¬ 
gredients  in  having  tomatoes  taste  as 
they  should  do.  This  is  our  recipe  as 
given  to  her:  Take  tomatoes  that  are 
not  over-ripe  and  wipe  them,  then  put 
in  the  oven  as  if  to  be  baked,  just  leav¬ 
ing  them  long  enough  to  cause  the  skins 
to  pull  off  easily  when  taken  out.  Do 
not  try  to  save  the  juice  that  will  col¬ 
lect  in  the  pan  while  in  the  oven,  or  any 
that  gathers  when  peeling,  but  put  the 
tomatoes  closely  into  the  cans  and  boil 
and  fill  up,  till  they  appear  almost  ready 
for  the  table.  When  to  be  used  they 
will  only  require  to  be  seasoned  and 
heated,  and  one  can  put  up  in  this  way 
will  equal  two  that  are  bought.  Set 
the  bottles  away  from  the  light  or  it  will 
injure  both  color  and  flavor. 

I  think  many  of  my  readers  can  sym¬ 
pathize  with  me  when  the  other  day  in 
the  middle  of  a  large  washing  a  stranger 
came  and  remained  for  dinner.  It  would 
not  have  mattered,  only  we  had  not 
any  meat  in  the  house  except  part  of  a 
chicken,  for  as  Brother  would  not  be 
home  for  dinner  that  day  we  were  to 
have  just  a  cup  of  tea  and  “pick  up,” 
and  it  was  a  little  puzzling  how  to  make 
that  bit  of  fowl  make  a  dinner.  I  put  a 
pinch  of  soda  into  half  a  cup  of  good 
cream,  set  it  on  the  stove  and  put  in 
the  chopped  chicken,  letting  it  boil  for 
five  minutes,  then  when  cool  added  the 
beaten  yolks  of  two  eggs,  seasoned  well 


with  pepper  and  salt,  and  added  the 
beaten  whites.  I  stirred  it  very  lightly 
and  turned  into  a  buttered  dish,  baking 
in  a  hot  oven  just  before  serving.  With 
creamed  potatoes  and  asparagus  our 
guest  remarked  that  it  was  a  dinner  to 
enjoy.  But  O  for  me,  whose  clothes 
did  not  get  out  on  the  line  till  after¬ 
noon !  We  do  like  to  be  praised  about 
our  cooking,  and  if  I  had  a  husband  I 
should  expect  him  to  tell  me  when 
things  were  nice  just  to  encourage  me. 
Before  our  guest  left  he  asked  for  a 
recipe  for  puff  paste  for  his  wife,  and 
I  will  give  it  here,  as  it  seems  to  be 
useful : 

For  four  cups  of  flour  take  two  cups 
of  butter  and  wash  it  until  free  from 
salt.  Keep  everything  in  a  cold  place, 
as  this  is  very  important,  and  let  the 
mixing  water  be  ice  cold.  Put  at  first 
about  one- fourth  of  the  butter  into  the 
flour,  mix  it  so  dry  as  to  be  free  from 
the  spoon  when  stirred.  Roll  out  about 
one-fourth  of  an  inch  thick,  spread  but¬ 
ter  over  it  with  a  knife  and  fold  from 
ends  toward  center,  making  three  layers. 
Repeat  this  three  or  four  times  to  ob¬ 
tain  the  best  results,  then  put  the  paste 
in  a  cold  place,  over  night,  if  possible, 
but  not  where  it  would  be  likely  to 
freeze.  Be  careful  not  to  let  it  touch 
ice,  and  if  it  has  to  be  kept  awhile,  it 
is  a  good  plan  to  wrap  in  a  cloth  and 
put  in  a  covered  dish,  always  keeping  it 
cold. 

Our  folks  laugh  at  me  but  I  am  ex¬ 
perimenting  with  a  homemade  fireless 
cooker  before  hot  weather  comes,  and 
will  give  my  experience  later.  Direc¬ 
tions  have  been  given  so  often  it  is 
needless  to  repeat  here,  but  the  ques¬ 
tion  of  fuel  is  getting  serious  even  in 
country  places,  for  both  coal  and  wood 
are  rising  in  price,  and  though  we  can¬ 
not  save  in  Winter,  having  to  warm 
the  house,  it  is  a  good  plan  to  study 
out  how  we  can  save  heat  in  warm 
weather,  and  not  burn  up  quite  so  much 
money.  When  I  am  experimenting 
with  candy,  or  any  other  of  my  money¬ 
saving  devices,  it  is  a  satisfaction  to 
me  to  pick  up  and  burn  any  chips  or 
sticks  in  sight,  which  helps  to  keep  the 
dooryard  tidy  and  satisfies  my  con¬ 
science  at  the  same  time.  A  thrifty  man 
keeps  the  wood  pile  well  stocked  and  a 
year  ahead,  so  that  the  fuel  is  dry  when 
used,  but  that  is  no  reason  why  the 
women  of  his  household  should  waste 


It  Pays  to 
Buy  the 
Only 
Genuine 


(Fifty  Years  the  Standard!  ) 

They  are  conceded  every¬ 
where  to  be  the  best  per¬ 
cale  value.  There  is  such  a 
sweeping  range  of  designs, 
from  tiie  simple  pencil  lines 
to  the  more  elaborate 
effects,  as  well  as  all  the 
beautiful,  rich  and  subdued 
tones;  a  special  choice  for 
every  taste  and  for  all 
needs.  The  high 
quality  is  guaran-  Cfigi 
teed  by  the  Pacific  ^ 
Mills  trade  mark. 


Ask  your  dealer  for  Pacific  Percales  and 
see  that  the  Pacific  Mills  trade  mark  is  on 
every  piece.  Then  you’ll  know  it’s  genuine, 
up  to  the  moment  in  stylishness,  and  the 
greatest  percale  value  in  the  world. 

If  your  dealer  doesn’t  carry  Pacific  Percales,  write 
to  us  for  free  samples  and  list  of  retailers  who  will 
supply  you.  ■ 

PACIFIC  MILLS  -  BOSTON,  MASS. 


you  come  home 
tired  after  a  hard 
day’s  work,  there’s 
nothing  to  refresh 
you  like  the  delight¬ 
ful  music  of  the 
Victor. 

Why  not  hear  the  Victor?  Write 

us  today  and  we’11  send  you  complete  cata- 
logsof  the  Victor  and.Victor  Records  and 
tell  you  the  nearest  Victor  dealer.  He  will 
gladly  play  Victor  music  for  you,  and  sell 
you  a  Victor  ($10  to  $100)  or  Victor-Victrola 
($75  to  $250)  on  easy  terms  if  desired. 

Victor  Talking  Machine  Co. 

20th  and  Cooper  Sts.,  Camden,  N.  J. 

Berliner  Gramophono  Co.,  Montreal,  Canadian  Distributors 

To  get  best  results,  use  only 
Victor  Needles  on  Victor  Records 


it,  for  there  is  “as  much  in  saving  as 
making,”  father  used  to  say. 

CHARITY  SWEETHEART. 


IS 


Still  another  seasonable  dainty 
strawberry  whip.  Mash  a  cup  and  a  quar¬ 
ter  of  strawberries  smooth,  stir  in  a  cup¬ 
ful  of  powdered  sugar  and  then  beat  in 
the  white  of  one  egg.  It  will  require 
beating  for  half  an  hour,  when  it  should 
be  stiff  enough  to  pile  up  on  a  glass 
plate.  Put  in  the  icebox  till  needed, 
and  then  serve  with  a  ring  of  lady’s 
fingers  around  it. 


Rider  Agents  Wanted 

In  each  town  to  ride  an  exhibit  sample  ign  bicy. 
cle.  Write  for  special  offer. 

Finest  Guaranteed  C  f /l  dp*%  ~W 
1911  Models 

with  Coaster- Brakes  and  Puncture-Proof  tires. 

1909  &  1910  Models  ®  7 
all  of  best  makes....  V  * 

lOO  Second  -  Hand  Whoola 


All  makes  and  models,  .  ffto 

good  as  new .  to 

Great  FACTORY  CLEARING  SALE 
Wc  Ship  on  Approval  -without  a 
'cent  deposit,  pay  the  freight,  and  allow 

io  day's  free  trial. 

'TIRES,  coaster  brake  rear  wheels,  lamps, 
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Macbeth  “  Pearl 
Glass”  lamp-chim¬ 
neys  bring  the  right 
balance  of  draft  to 
the  flame,  and  let 
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Common  chim¬ 
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light.  They  hinder 
the  light  because  the  proportions 
are  wrong  and  the  glass  is  misty. 

Get  my  Index  and  you  will  know  just  what 
lamp-chimney  to  get.  I  make  one  for  every 
style  and  size  of  burner.  Address, 

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Cops,  fob  medals,  trophy  shields,  etc.  Ap¬ 
propriately  designed  and  suitably  inscribed 
for  all  occasions.  Write  for  Catalogue  N. 

DORRETY,  BOSTON,  MASS..U.S.A, 


074 


THE  RURAL  NEW- YORKER. 


Juno  10, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

HOLSTEINS  AS  BUTTER  COWS. 

Do  Holstein  cows  make  good,  solid  but¬ 
ter  of  good  color,  without  artificial  color¬ 
ing'/  I  know  the  Jersey  is  considered  ideal 
for  butter,  but  I  don’t  want  the  Jersey  un¬ 
less  forced  to  it.  I  suppose  from  all  I 
read  on  the  subject  the  Holstein  breed  were 
good  butter  makers.  I  look  at  the  Jersey 
as  the  rich  man’s  plaything.  If  you  can 
pet  and  coddle  them  they  are  all  right,  but 
they  are  not  for  the  average  farmer  who 
uses  the  separated  milk  for  pigs  or  calves, 
and  who  lets  the  cows  run  in  the  pasture 
for  several  months  in  the  Summer.  Then 
when  you  are  through  milking  them  they 
are  worth  about  as  much  as  an  old  ram 
for  beef.  C.  i. 

New  York. 

It  is  generally  understood  that  Hol¬ 
stein  milk  will  not  make  butter  with 
as  much  color  as  Jersey  milk,  and  there 
is  surely  not  as  much  coloring  matter 
in  the  Holstein  milk  as  in  Guernsey 
milk.  There  is  also  a  difference  in  the 
size  of  the  butter  fat  globules — those 
in  Jersey  and  Guernsey  milk  being 
larger.  The  following  statement  covers 
the  ground : 

Although  the  exact  nature  or  cause  of 
color  in  milk  is  not  fully  known,  some 
points  pertaining  to  it  are  well  established. 
First,  the  coloring,  whatever  it  may  be, 
Is  associated  with  the  fat  to  such  an  ex¬ 
tent  that  the  richer  any  particular  milk  is 
In  fat,  the  higher  colored  it  will  be ;  or  in 
other  words,  cream  from  a  Holstein  herd 
will  be  higher  in  color  than  was  the  Hol¬ 
stein  milk,  Jersey  cream  than  Jersey  milk. 
Second,  the  color  of  milk  is  influenced  by 
the  breed  of  the  cow  yielding  it.  The 
Guernsey  breed  as  a  whole  gives  a  higher 
colored  product  than  the  Jersey,  the  Jersey 
than  the  Ayrshire,  and  the  Ayrshire  higher 
probably  than  the  Holstein.  The  Holstein 
stands  at  the  foot  and  the  Guernsey  at  the 
top  in  this  matter  of  natural  color.  This 
is  true  even  though  the  quantity  of  fat  in 
the  milk  be  standardized  to  the  same  point. 
For  instance,  if  Holstein  cream  is  added 
to  Holstein  milk  in  such  amounts  as  to 
bring  the  fat  content  of  the  standardized 
milk  to  be  say  five  per  cent,  it  will  not 
have  the  color  that  a  natural  five  per  cent 
Guernsey  or  even  Jersey  milk  will  have, 
assuming  the  feed  the  same  in  both  cases. 
Third,  the  feed  influences  the  color  very 
markedly,  and  is  very  closely  associated 
with  the  green  of  plants.  So  then,  regard¬ 
less  of  the  season  of  the  year,  a  fresh  green 
food  will  produce  a  more  highly  colored 
product  than  will  a  dry  food. 

As  a  matter  of  fact  the  two  influences, 
Guernsey  or  Jersey  breed  and  June  past¬ 
ures,  are  so  great  as  to  cause  their  butter 
made  entirely  without  color,  to  be  higher 
than  most  markets  demand.  Not  in¬ 
frequently  the  butter  makers  of  Vermont 
receive  requests  from  the  city  commission 
men  to  use  less  color,  when  in  fact  they 
are  using  none  at  all.  On  the  other  hand, 
even  these  same  high-color-producing  cows, 
on  Winter  feed,  cannot  produce  a  butter 
sufficiently  highly  colored  to  meet  any  but 
the  Jewish  trade.  Holsteins  and  Ayrshires 
In  June  produce  a  butter  of  about  the  de¬ 
sired  market  shade,  and  in  Winter  fall  to 
a  poiut  yet  lower  than  the  other  two  in 
point  of  color.  Butter  produced  from  all 
breeds  requires  the  addition  of  some  arti¬ 
ficial  color  beginning  some  time  in  July  or 
August  and  continuing  in  greater  amounts 
until  full  Winter  feed,  when  the  amount 
required  will  remain  practically  constant 
until  the  cows  again  go  to  grass,  when  it 
will  fall  off  abruptly  to  little  or  nothing. 
If  no  artificial  color  were  added  there  would 
be  a  gradual  lessening  in  the  amount  of 
color  in  the  butter,  beginning  about  the 
first  or  middle  of  July,  so  that  on  each 
succeeding  day  the  butter  will  have  about 
one-half  a  shade  lighter  color  than  its 
predecessor.  There  is  no  method  yet  known 
to  man  whereby  the  color  of  butter  may 
be  kept  uniform  save  by  the  addition  of 
color,  added  at  the  time  of  butter  making. 

R.  M.  WASHBURN. 

Vermont  Exp.  Station. 

As  for  the  Jersey  cow  being  a  play¬ 
thing,  or  rich  man’s  pet,  it  is  true  that 
she  may  occupy  that  position  in  some 
cases,  but  when  it  comes  to  business 
the  Jersey  and  her  grades  are  among 
the  most  practical  cows  on  earth.  They 
are  great  butter  producers  and  have 
saved  many  a  dairy  farm  from  the 
sheriff. 


WHAT  IS  MILK  WORTH  ? 

I  have  read  with  interest  the  story 
of  the  Hope  Farm  man’s  new  cow,  and 
I  think  now  that  I  shall  be  able  to  show 
you  the  impracticability  of  trying  to  get 
up  a  contest  between  cows,  hens  or  pigs 
with  the  understanding  that  each  owner 
shall  sell  his  products  for  whatever  he 
can  get  for  them.  The  Hope  Farm  man 
figures  that  his  cow’s  milk  is  worth 
eight  cents  per  quart,  because  he  would 


be  obliged  to  pay  that  price  from  the 
local  dealer.  The  cow  gives  16  quarts  a 
day,  so  it  is  easy  to  see  that  she  is  pro¬ 
ducing  $1.28.  But  up  here  in  Madison 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  milk  is  now  worth  90  cents 
per  hundred  pounds,  or  not  quite  1.8 
cents  per  quart,  at  the  cheese  factory 
or  the  shipping  station.  A  quart  of 
milk  fed  to  a  Madison  County  baby  is 
likely  to  produce  just  as  much  brain  and 
brawn  as  though  fed  to  the  Hope  Farm 
baby,  yet  the  Hope  Farm  cow  is  ex¬ 
tolled  as  a  good  paying  investment, 
while  one  just  like  her  in  the  hands  of 
one  of  our  milk  producers  would  be  dis¬ 
carded  as  no  good,  simply  because  she 
would  not  pay  her  board.  Still,  I  think 
the  Hope  Farm  cow  is  a  good  one,  and 
I  can  also  tell  you  why  she  would  not 
do  to  sell  milk  from  in  this  section — 
her  milk  is  too  good.  The  price  here 
is  for  milk  testing  11.50  per  cent  solids, 
three  per  cent  of  which  shall  be  fat,  and 
the  cow  that  is  fool  enough  to  give  rich 
milk  must  expect  to  lose  her  head.  If 
that  cow  had  the  trick  of  adding  50  per 
cent  more  water  to  her  milk  she  would 
be  a  first-rate  good  cow.  There  are 
cows  that  have  learned  the  trick,  and 
they  are  the  ones  that  are  bred  for  use 
among  the  men  who  sell  milk.  The 
breeders  of  these  cows  assure  us  that 
their  milk  is  a  great  deal  more  health¬ 
ful  than  the  richer  product.  So  here  is 
a  chance  for  the  Hope  Farm  man  to 
make  a  little  easy  money.  IJe  now  has 
10  children  at  Hope  Farm,  but  he  can 
adopt  five  more  and  just  mix  in  eight 
quarts  of  water  with  his  16  quarts  of 
milk,  and  raise  15  healthier  children, 
and  at  the  same  time  brag  about  a  cow 
that  brings  in  $1.92  per  day. 

J.  GRANT  MORSE. 

R.  N.-Y. — What  we  are  waiting  for  is 
to  have  Mr.  Morse  or  anyone  else  tell 
us  what  the  Hope  Farm  man  should 
figure  as  the  price  of  that  milk.  If  he 
bought  the  milk  it  would  cost  four 
cents  a  pound.  We  believe  such  milk 
is  worth  that  price  as  food  compared 
with  other  things  which  are  eaten. 
Would  Mr.  Morse  advise  charging  90 
cents  a  hundred  because  poorer  milk  is 
wholesaled  at  that  price?  A  man  in 
Montana  may  get  65  cents  a  bushel  for 
wheat  after  hauling  it  10  miles.  An¬ 
other  farmer  in  New  Jersey  may  get 
$1.10  right  in  his  barn.  Would  Mr. 
Morse  expect  the  Jerseyman  to  figure 
his  wheat  at  Montana  prices?  Our 
point  is  that  part  of  good  farming  may 
belong  to  location  as  much  as  to  soil, 
capital  or  skill.  A  thing  produced  ought 
to  be  worth  what  you  have  to  pay  for 
it  in  the  local  market.  Why  not? 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


ANSWER 

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Fits 

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lOO  YEARS’ 
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Only  One  Dollar  and  Fifteen  Cents  lor  OH  and  Re¬ 
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Tubular 

Cream  Separator 

This  liand-driven  Tubular  did 
work  equal  to  100  years’  service  in 
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Tubulars  wear  a  life¬ 
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Tubulars  have  twice 
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and  therefore  skim  twice 
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WEST  CHESTER,  1>A. 

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Make  All  Kinds  of 
Cheese  At  Home 

Newly  Invented  Complete 
Cheese  -  Making  Outfit  Puts 
Every  Farmer  in  the  Cheese 
Business — Big  Profits  Made 
Right  At  Home! 


It  is  no  longer  necessary  for  Farmers  to  buy 
store  cheese  at  a  high  price,  or  sell  their  milk  to 
the  Cheese  Trust  at  a  low  price.  A  clever  inven¬ 
tor  has  perfected  a  Complete  Cheese-Making 
Outfit  which  enables  every  Farmer  to  make  either 
a  soft,  rich,  granular,  or  American  Cheddar 
cheese  right  at  home  either  for  his  own  con¬ 
sumption  or  for  sale  to  Dealers. 

Outfit  consists  of  the  following:  One  Cheese 
Press,  One  Horizontal  Curd  Knife,  One  Perpen¬ 
dicular  Curd  Knife,  One  Dairy  Thermometer, 
One  Bottle  Rennett  Extract,  One  Bottle  Col¬ 
oring  Matter  and  One  Mold.  This  Complete 
Cheese-Making  Outfit  is  sold  direct  from  factory 
to  farm  at  one  small  profit  over  actual  cost  to 
manufacture.  It  is  simple,  inexpensive,  easily 
operated  and  pays  for  itself  in  a  very  short  time. 

Capacity  of  this  Outfit  is  from  25  to  40  quarts, 
making  a  cheese  weighing  from  eight  to  ten 
pounds.  With  milk  selling  around  80  and  90  cents 
per  hundred,  any  Farmer  can  save  about  one- 
third  of  the  price  he  pays  for  store  cheese,  and 
at  the  same  time  have  an  outlet  for  either  his 
whole  or  skimmed  milk.  This  excellent  home¬ 
made  cheese  sells  readily  to  the  Dealer  at  a  big 
profit,  either  for  cash  or  in  exchange  for  goods. 

This  wonderful  Complete  Cheese-Making  Outfit 
is  manufactured  by  the  Holland  Sporting  Goods 
Mfg.  Co.,  Dept.  E  Holland,  Mich.  Every  Farmer 
should  write  them  for  full  description  of  the  Out¬ 
fit,  prices,  etc.,  and  exact  directions  telling  how 
to  make  cheese  at  a  profit  right  on  the  farm. 


rhe  Milk  Pail  that, 

Keeps 
Milk 
Clean 

Will  you  try 
one  10  Days 
Free  ? 

We  take  all  chances,  for  we  know  you 
will  like  it.  Sent  on  trial  prepaid.  If  not 
satisfactory,  return  rt  our  expense.  All 
dairymen  approve  it.  The 

Steriiac  Milk  Pail 

la  the  only  one  that  is  a  real  success  at  keeping  milk  clean. 
Thore  is  no  chance  for  contamination.  Milk,  pure  and 
sweet,  just  as  it  is  drawn  from  the  cow,  goes  straight  into 
the  pall  and  It  Is  all  that  does  go  there.  “Dirt  Shelf' 
catches  all  hair,  dust  or  filth  that  falls  from  the  cow  or 
adders.  Milk  “keeps”  longer  because  it  Is  really  pure. 
The  pall  Is  right  shaped,  strong,  made  to  last.  Easy  to 
wash.  You  can’t  know  how  good  it  Is  till  you  see  It  and 
try  It.  Price  Ask  your  dealer.  If  he  hasn’t  It  w© 

will  send  trial  pail  propaid.  Return  If  you  don’t  like  it. 

STERILAC  COMPANY,  5  Merchants  Row,  Boston,  Mass. 


I  YOUNG  MEN  WANTED  to  learn 

VETERINARY  profession.  Catalogue 
liSTw  vT  free.  Grand  Rapids  Veterinary 
College,  Dep.15,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Millr  Prodirmrc  for  New  York  City  market 
IT111IY  rlUUUbCla  desiring  information  how  to 

form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 


O  Gr  S 


P0LLIE 

w  A-,  hi 


PUPPIES  from  registered  stock:  sable  &  white 
&  black:  $10  each.  Clark  Farm,  Boonton,  N.  J. 


COLLIE  PUPS 


—From  imported  stock.  Females 
cheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


JUNE  OFFERING 

Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford,  Conn. 
Fantim’s  Zac.  Taylor,  imported  Guernsey  bull,  head 
of  our  herd,  is  offered  for  sale  to  avoid  inbreeding 
One  of  the  grandest  individuals  in  the  U.  S.  and 
perfect  in  every  detail.  Photo,  on  request. 

One  registered  Berkshire  Boar,  seven  months  old 

One  magnificent  Chester  White  Boar,  14  months 
old,  at  a  sacrifice. 

Eight,  four  and  five  months  old  Jersey  Bulls(Reg.) 
from  32-36  pound  stock  and  Pogis  blood. 

We  will  guarantee  that  the  above  stock  is  perfect 
and  cannot  be  beat  at  the  price,  or  we  will  refund 
your  money  and  your  carfare. 


Robinson’s  HOLSTEINS  are  Producers 

They  are  Tuberculin  Tested.  Forty  just  fresh  and 
that  will  freshen  in  the  next  two  months,  with 
milk  records  from  8,000  to  12,000  lbs.  in  the  last 
year.  V.  D.  ROBINSON,  Kdmestov,  N.  Y 

St!!?:  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strone 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somerville,  N.  J. 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEIN-FRI  ESI  AN  ASSN  OF  AMERICA 
F.L.  HOUGHTON,  SEC’  Y,  BO  XI  OS.  BRATTLEBORO.VT. 


ALLAMUCHY  FARM  HOLSTEINS 

We  offer  well  bred  bull  calves  out  of  A.  R.  O. 
dams  at  reasonable  prices.  Send  for  list  before 
placing  your  order.  ALLAMUCHY,  N.  J. 


and  Heifers,  6  months  to  2 
years  old.  Chester  White,  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  Pups  and  a  variety 
Of  poultry.  Send  two-cent  stamp  for  circular. 

EDWARD  WALTER,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


AT  LAUREL  FARM 

we  have  on  hand  some  half-dozen  sons  of  Fern’s 
Jubilee,  73852,  A.  J.  C.  0.,  from  ten  months  down 
to  a  few  days  old.  All  out  of  good  cows.  Discount 
price  for  next  thirty  days. 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N,  Y. 


Breed  Op— Not  DownT<.?’c™'"i«SS’S 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  It.  F 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


SWINE 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICKS  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


REGISTERED  BERKSHIRE  PIGS 


From  Son  of  Berryton  Duke,  Jr.,  77341,  and 
well  bred  Sows. 

JERSEY  BULLS  ALL  SOLD.  SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED. 

CHAS.  B.  DAYTON,  Supt. 
Sheldoncroft,  -  -  Silver  Lake,  Pa. 

Reg.  P.  Chinas,  Berkshires,  C.  Whites. 

Fine,  large  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 
Pups,  Beagles  and  Poultry  .Write  for 
prices  &  circulars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Ercildoun  Pa. 


SPRING8ANK  BERKSHIRES." 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  toser- 
vice  of  Watson’s  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON.  Piunrietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


LARGE  BERKSHIRES 

Not  the  cheapest,  but  the  best.  Special  offering  of 
Spring  pigs,  single  or  mated,  for  breeding.  Cata¬ 
logue  on  application. 

WILLOUGHBY  FARM,  Gettysburg!!,  Pa. 


CTERLING  HILL  FARMS— CHESHIRE 
SWINE— Orders  booked  for  Spring  Pigs  reg¬ 
istered  stock  and  grades:  large  litters  and  best  of 
breeding.  Bigelow  8  Swain,  Dgilensburg,  Sussex  Co.,  N.J. 


LARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWDDD-Special  Offering 
of  Service  Boars.  Good  useful  Boars,  $30  to  $40. 
Fancy  Boars  for  the  breeder  and  exhibitor,  $50  and 
up.  They  should  develop  into  800-pound  boars  at 
maturity.  H.  C.  8  H.  B.  HARPENDING,  Dundee,  N.  Y. 


LARGE  ENGLISH  YORKSHIRES. 

Last  Fall  Pigs  from  Prize  Winning,  Registered 
Stock,  for  sale  at  reasonable  prices. 

CHAS.  W.  SWITZER  -  -  SOUTH  EUCLID,  OHIO. 


DUROC  PIGS,  $7 

Calverton.  L.  I.,  N.  Y, 


nilRflP  PIGS.  $6  and  $7  each,  Pedigreed.  Angora 
UUllUu  Kittens.  Serene  Wickes,  De  Graff,  O. 


OHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
O  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BAUNK8,  Oxford.  N.  Y. 


nilRnPC  THE  BIG.  DEEP  FELLOWS 

UUnUUO  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 


Chester  Whites 


Enquiries  promptly  answered. 
Eugene  T.  Black,  Scio,  N.  Y. 


HOUSES 


Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
at  farmers’  prices.  A  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station.  East  Orwell,  O.. 
on  Penna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O, 


ERCHERON 

STALLIONS  AND  HARES 

Imported  and  home-bred.  The  best  lot  ever 
shown  in  this  country.  Quality,  price,  guarantee  right. 
For  30  years  an  importer  and  breeder  of  prize  winners. 

E  I.  WOOD  S .  AKIN 
170  South  Street,  Auburn,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


M  I  I_,  K 

The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.31 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  2*4  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


Just  now  we  are  milking  15  cows;  some 
of  them  are  fresh,  and  some  have  been 
milked  since  last  September.  We  are  get¬ 
ting  about  350  pounds  of  milk  a  day,  and 
at  the  shipping  station  this  would  bring 
$3.15.  But  we  do  not  produce  the  kind  of 
milk  that  it  pays  to  sell  at  the  station. 
During  the  week  just  closed  we  sold  64 
quarts  of  cream  at  25  cents  per  quart.  Then 
we  made  116  pounds  of  butter,  which  we 
sell  to  private  customers  at  28  cents  per 
pound.  Besides  this  we  have  our  skimmed 
milk  and  buttermilk  which  we  feed  to  pure¬ 
bred  calves  and  Berkshire  pigs  that  pay  a 
good  price  for  their  feed. 

Madison  Co.,  N.  Y.  j.  g.  m. 

R.  N.-Y. — We  make  this  2450  pounds  of 
milk  and  $48.48  income  with  the  skim-milk 
to  be  added.  About  two  cents  a  pound. 

Dairying  is  not  as  profitable  as  it  used 
to  be.  Cows  are  worth  double  or  more  than 
they  used  to  be  and  help  costs  double  and 
feed  and  mill  stuff  are  double  or  more  than 
formerly.  If  we  counted  the  price  of  our 
labor  and  hay  In  aditlon  to  mill  feed, 
there  Is  not  a  dairy  in  this  section  that 
would  pay  out  at  the  price  of  milk  the 
past  Winter.  I  will  tell  you  what  the  feed 
men  say,  and  let  you  form  your  own  opin¬ 
ion.  They  say  that  three-fourths  of  the 
dairymen  in  this  section  do  not  any  more 
than  get  their  feed  bill  paid  before  it  is 
time  to  commence  to  feed  again  in  the  Fall. 
They  are  changing;  they  are  raising  more 
young  stock  and  less  cows  and  raising  more 
grain  and  small  crops.  T  think  we  dairy¬ 
men  have  to  change  to  something  else  or 
lose  our  homes.  I  am  going  into  raising 
berries  and  small  fruits  and  garden  truck. 

Norwich,  N.  Y.  A.  N.  S. 

In  my  mind  the  price  of  milk  is  not  as 
much  as  it  ought  to  be  to  the  farmer. 
There  will  have  to  be  some  way  provided 
so  the  producer  will  get  more  of  the  profit 
to  make  dairying  pay.  Cows  are  very  high, 
too  high  for  the  farmers  to  buy  for  profit, 
and  all  kinds  of  feed  are  high.  I  don’t  see 
where  a  farmer  can  make  much  to  pay  from 
$60  to  $100  a  head  for  cows  and  $31  per 
ton  for  wheat  feed  and  cotton  seed  meal, 
and  $28  for  gluten,  and  sell  his  milk  for 
$1.25  or  $1.30  per  hundred  and  haul  it  to 
market,  I  don’t  think  farming  in  this  sec¬ 
tion  would  be  profitable  without  a  dairy,  as 
there  is  scarcely  any  crop  that  can  be  de¬ 
pended  on  for  profit.  There  will  have  to 
be  some  way  for  the  farmers  to  organize  or 
the  Dairymen’s  League  may  prove  to  be 
the  proper  thing  for  this  purpose  to  protect 
the  Interests  of  the  producers. 

Kortrlght,  N.  Y.  R.  L.  S. 

The  following  bill  was  introduced  at  Al¬ 
bany  by  Mr.  Miller :  A  new  section  for  the 
agricultural  laws  providing  that  no  person 
shall  manufacture  or  sell,  or  offer  for  sale, 
a  cream  that  is  produced  by  taking  original 
packing  stock  or  other  butter  and  melting 
it  so  that  the  butter  fat  can  be  drawn  off, 
or  by  taking  butter  oil  or  melted  butter  and 
mixing  them  with  fluid  skim-milk  or  con¬ 
densed  skim-milk  and  water,  or  any  other 
cream  or  milk  product  and  emulsifying 
them,  without  marking  the  packages  to  in¬ 
dicate  the  nature  of  the  cream.  It  also 
prohibits  the  manufacture  or  sale  of  cream 
known  as  process  or  renovated  or  homegen- 
ized  cream  without  the  words  “process 
cream,”  “renovated  cream”  or  homogenized 
cream,”  as  the  case  may  be  marked  on  the 
package  in  letters  at  least  one  inch  in 
length.  The  package  must  also  contain  a 
statement  of  the  actual  percentage  of  butter 
fat  contained  in  the  mixture. 


Reduced  Milk  Flow. 

We  have  a  cow  fresh  in  April  with  her 
second  calf.  When  she  came  in  last  Spring 
one  fore  quarter  of  her  udder  was  much 
swollen,  and  for  some  time  could  get  noth¬ 
ing  from  it  but  a  little  clotted  milk.  I 
did  everything  for  it  I  could  think  or  hear 
of  formation,  nibbing  with  oils,  etc.;  got 
her  over  that  trouble,  but  she  never  after¬ 
ward,  for  the  whole  year,  gave  more  than 
one-fonrth  as  much  milk  from  that  quarter 
as  from  the  others.  Will  she  ever  again 
give  as  much  from  that  teat  as  the  rest, 
and  how  shall  we  treat  her  before  and  after 
calving?  She  is  now  dry.  F.  K.  k. 

Ohio. 

We  do  not  think  it  probable  that  she 
will  ever  come  back  to  normal  milk  flow 
from  the  affected  quarter  ;  indeed  it  is  to  be 
feared  that  when  she  has  her  next  calf  the 
quarter  may  again  become  inflamed  and 
further  shrink  in  milk  secretion  or  become 
entirely  dry.  To  prevent  such  a  course 
Pjrotect  the  udder  against  bruising  and 
chill,  keep  stall  floor  well  bedded  and  dry. 
Do  not  ret  her  lie  down  out  of  doors. 
Avoid  sudden  changes  of  food.  Milk  gently. 
A*  calving  time  give  a  pound  of  epeom 
salts  and  half  an  ounce  each  of  saltpeter 
and  ground  ginger  root  in  three  pints  of 
warm  water,  well  sweetened  with  molasses, 
if  udder  tends  to  remain  caked  give  half 
an  ounce  of  fluid  extract  of  poke  root  and 
two  drams  of  powdered  saltpeter  night  and 
morning  until  congestion  subsides,  also  fo¬ 
ment  udder  with  hot  water  twice  daily  and 
o  I11*1  with  a  mixture  of  one  part  each 
cf  fluid  extracts  of  belladonna  leaves  and 
poke  root,  and  two  parts  of  melted  lard, 
used  warm.  A.  s.  A. 


TESTING  BUTTER  FOR  MOISTURE. 

There  is  a  Government  law  which 
fixes  the  maximum  amount  of  moisture 
in  butter  at  16  per  cent.  In  case  there 
is  an  excess  of  moisture  a  fine  is  im¬ 
posed  of  six  cents  per  pound.  A  good 
many  creameries  have  exceeded  this 
limit  as  a  result  of  their  attempt  to 
make  a  large  overrun.  From  my  ex¬ 
perience  I  find  that  very  few  farmers 
make  butter  containing  this  amount  of 
moisture.  As  a  rule  their  butter  con¬ 
tains  only  about  11  to  12  per  cent. 
There  has  been  an  attempt  recently  by 
commercial  firms  buying  up  creamery 
butter  to  put  a  stop  to  the  excessive 
incorporation  of  moisture  by  careful  in¬ 
spection  of  the  butter  sold  in  the  mar¬ 
kets.  A  good  many  creameries  have 
been  fined.  I  feel  that  people  who  have 
been  buying  butter  of  farmers  and  who 
are  now  buying  elsewhere  because  of 
the  fear  of  too  great  content  of  mois¬ 
ture  are  making  a  mistake.  As  I  have 
said,  the  farmers’  butter  runs  much  be¬ 
low  the  limit  in  moisture,  and  as  a  rule 
good  farmer’s  butter  is  fully  as  good  as, 
if  not  better  than  the  average  creamery 
butter  of  to-day. 

It  would  be  practicable  for  a  farmer 
who  is  producing  a  large  amount  of 
butter  to  put  in  a  simple  moisture  test. 
About  the  simplest  one  that  I  know  is 
what  is  known  as  the  Irish  moisture 
test.  This  requires  a  set  of  accurate 
balances,  a  small  aluminum  beaker,  an 
alcohol  lamp,  and  a  set  of  accurate 
weights.  This  apparatus  can  be  pro¬ 
cured  from  any  creamery  supply  com¬ 
pany  at  a  cost  of  about  $7.  The  test  is 
very  simple  to  operate,  and  any  man 
who  would  be  fairly  accurate  in  his 
work  could  tell  whether  or  not  he  was 
getting  an  excessive  amount  of  moisture 
in  his  butter.  In  brief  the  test  is  as 
follows;  Weigh  out  10  grams  of  but¬ 
ter  in  the  alumnum  beaker,  which  has 
first  been  counterpoised.  Then  remove 
the  beaker  from  the  balances,  leaving 
the  weights  as  they  were  when  the  sam¬ 
ple  was  weighed.  Hold  the  beaker  over 
the  alcohol  flame  until  the  moisture  has 
been  drawn  from  the  butter,  being  care¬ 
ful  that  none  of  the  butter  is  allowed 
to  boil  out,  and  that  the  operation  is 
not  carried  so  far  as  to  burn  the  sam¬ 
ple.  A  good  method  of  determining 
whether  or  not  the  moisture  is  a$ 
evaporated  is  to  hold  a  small  mirror 
above  the  beaker,  and  if  any  vapor 
shows  on  the  face  of  the  mirror  the 
test  is  not  complete.  After  a  few 
times  of  operating  this  test  the  operator 
can  tell  by  the  appearance  of  the  butter 
when  the  test  is  complete.  The  beaker 
and  contents  are  then  allowed  to  cool, 
when  they  are  placed  again  on  the  bal¬ 
ance,  and  the  small  weights  are  placed 
on  the  opposite  pan  of  the  balance  until 
enough  weights  have  been  added  to  off¬ 
set  the  loss  by  evaporation.  Then  the 
moisture  contents  is  the  amount  lost 
during  the  heating  process.  If  the  Irish 
moisture  test  is  procured  these  small 
weights  are  graduated  to  per  cents  and 
by  adding  up  the  number  necessary  to 
rebalance,  the  per  cent  of  moisture  is 
obtained  accurately.  There  are  a  large 
number  of  other  tests  that  could  be  used 
by  the  farmer,  but  I  think  this  is  the 
simplest  and  most  practicable  for  this 
purpose.  w.  b.  liverance. 

Michigan  Agricultural  College. 


1 


Modern  barns  make 


675 


Any  dairy  barn, 

large  or  small,  properly  arranged 
and  designed,  and  outfitted  with.  James 
Sanitary  Barn  Equipment  is  a  profit  maker — 
because,  more  cows  can  be  provided  for  in  the  same 
space — greater  storage  room  for  feed  and  grain  can  be 
secured — time  and  labor  can  be  saved  every  day  by  cutting  in 
half  the  work  in  caring  for,  feeding  and  watering  the  cows  and 
cleaning  the  stalls.  Thus  barn  expenses  are  reduced.  The  extra 
cleanliness,  together  with  the  comfort,  freedom  and  protection  afforded 
the  cow  increase  the  milk  yield  and  improve  the  quality  of  the  milk  and 
greatly  lessen  the  danger  of  disease  or  accident  to  the  stock. 

James  Sanitary  Barn 


Five  patented  features  save  enough  on  feed  and 
tabor  alone,  to  pay  for  the  whole  coni  nraent  in  a 
year. 

Two  Books  Fit  EE.  Every  dairyman  wnowant3 
a  modern  barn  and  make  bigger  profits  should 
have  oar  two  free  books.  Book  No.  8  tells  about  the  James 
Stalls.  Stanchions,  Bull  Pens  and  Calf  Pens.  The 
book  Barn  Work  Made  Easy”  describes  the 
James  Carriers.  Fill  out  the  coupon 


Equipment 


now  and  get  these  books. 


KentMfg.  Co. 

2630  Cane  St. 

Ft.  Atkinson,  Wit. 

How  many  cows  have 

you  ? . Do  you  own  ,  „  _ 

Or  rent  a  farm? .  ^ 

Are  you  Interested  in  Stalls 

and  Stanchions? . Are  yon  ^ . 

Interested  in  Carriers? . . .  ^ 

Name .  \ . 


State. 


Ken!  Mfg.  Co.,  2630  Cane  St.,  Ft.  Atkinson,  Wis. 


...  TO  OUR  PATRONS  .  . . 

If  you  “CREL  OLL”  Ief*  «fi*r 

have  any  _  curing 

the  calves  of  "scours,”  cows  of  contagious  abortion,  or 
even  your  poultry  of  gapes,  cholera,  lice,  etc.,  we  adivse 
that  you  use  it  freely  in  your  stables  during 

ELY  TIME 

and  kill  flies,  nits,  disease  germs,  and  keep  stables 
thoroughly  disinfected.  It  requires  a  powerful  prepara¬ 
tion  to  do  this.  Also  spray  all  animals  lightly  once  a 
day  during  hot  weather. 

For  summer  uses  special  prices  on  quantities. 
Caledonia  Chemical  Co.,  Caledonia,  N.  Y. 


►64  years  experience  prove  truth  of  this  <_ 
statement.  Every  tiek  and  nit  absolutely 
destroyed  if  you  use 

Cooper  Dip 

The  only  dip  that  kills  AIX  ticks  In  ONEdipping— 
Cooper’s  ts  snro  scab  destroyer.  Increases  growth 
and  improves  quality  of  wool.  Perfect  skin  tonic. 
Results  considered  Iseheapestdip  on  market.  Used 
oa  300  million  sheep  annually.  Handsome  Calen¬ 
dar  and  booklet  free  if  you  mention  this  pu per. 

Prices:  25  gal.  pkt_  50e  100  gul.  pkt.  $1.75 

Ask  your  druggist  or  write 

sen  IE FFEUN  &  CO. 

l%70  VI  illinmH  .Street  New  York  City  . 


Kills  All  Ticks 

ONE  DIPPING 


inor’s  Fluid 

"The  Yellow  Can" 

Positively  kills  ticks,  lice  and 
stomach  worms,  cures  mange,  scab, 
sores,  prevents  hog  cholera,  abor¬ 
tion,  etc. 

It  is  non- poisonous,  easily  pre¬ 
pared  and  fully  guaranteed  to  do  its 
work.  It  is  a  thoroughly  reliable 

Sheep  and  Hog  Dip 

and  meet:,  all  Government  require¬ 
ments  for  official  dipping  for  scab 
on  sheep.  Your  dealer  carries  Minor’s  Fluid — 
“the  yellow  can** — in  stock  or  can  get  it  from  his 
jobber.  If  not,  write  ua  direct. 

Get  our  prices  on  Hipping  Tanks. 

jiiiThe  W.  E.  Minor  Disinfectant  Co. 
1554  Columbus  Road  Cleveland,  Ohio 


THE 

rVi-ANIMALS 
;v -  FRIEND 

Keeps  flies  and  all 
insects  and  pests  off 
animals  —  in  barn. or  pas¬ 
ture— loneer  than  any  imi¬ 
tation.  Used  and  endorsed1 
since  1885  by  leading  dairy¬ 
men  and  farmers. 

$1  worth  saves  $20.00 

- ,  - -  in  milk  and  flesh  on  each 

cow  in  a  single  season.  Cures  sore?**  stops  itching 
and,  prevents  infection.  Nothing  better  for  galls, 
ikil is  lico  and  mites  in  poultry  houses. 

<iFNn  y°ur  dealer  can*t  supply  you,  for 

enough  Shoo  •  Fly  to  protect  200 
»  -  tube  gravity  sprayer  withort 

Money  bach  if  not  satisfactory.  Write 
?ee.  Special  terms  to-  agents. 

Shoo- Fly  Mfg.  Co.,  Dept.  P.  1301  N.  10th  Si.,  Philacfe. 


cows,  and  our 
extra  charge. 

for  Booklet,  free. 


ir  you  are  not  per-  A 
ed  at  end  of  60  r 
nd  SAL-VET  a  VjU®  VVl- 
ek  —  a  saver 
eed  it  like 

Nodrench-  .►  nA\'>'  5>-Q 

r.d  today  S 

V  ^  . 

i.  q.'' 


YES  SIR-  V011  can  raise  pigs  and  hogs  -without  worms  and 

raise  far  better  ones,  too.  If  your  hogs  and  pigs  are  sickly, 
runty,  “"off-feed,.’*  cough*  have  fever,  act  dull  and  JistlesB — the  trouble 
is  no  doubt  stomach  and  intestinal  worms.  You’rG  risking  serious 
loss  every  day  and  inviting  disease  into  your  herd. 

PH  Rid  Your  Hogs  of  Worms 

Before  You  Pay  Me  a  Cent 

I’ve  done  it  for  thousands  of  hog  raisers  and  farmers  with  SAL -VET 
and  hero  is  a  sample  of  what  they  say  of  the  ONE  remedy  that  has  no 
equal  as  a  worm  destroyer  and  tonic  conditioner.  Head  this  letter: 

“I  never  ey 
it  came  ia  woul 


4$ 


*2  ^e^eve  yvur  SAL- VET  kept  my  hojrs  from  haviher  ChoTcra.  I  had  no  «irk- 
nesa  but  my  neighbors  ail  around  me  lost  hoj-rs  alraoat  without  exception.  li*  Cr 

_ _  _  J.  c.  Conover,  Chnamra.  Ul.  dp’ 

SEND  mo  MONEY  —  Send  Coupon  Only  S 


.mo  a*,  rwj.  otr. 


expected  such,  results.  Your  SAL-VET  expelled  more  worma  than  the  keg  I  salt.  Tht^  animate  doctor  themseh 
ulu  hold.  It’a  also  a  lino  conditioner  for  piics  and  ho*r»-  I  >nt.  dosum.  doping  or  handling. 

G.  K.  CoffinbarKcr,  Shepards  town,  W.  Va.  ’  «nd  your  worm  worries. 

Sidney  R .  Feil,  Pres.,  THE  S.  R .  FEIL  CO.,  Depl.  R.NaV  Cleveland 

J’rlccs:  40- lbs.,  *3.23;  1001b».,  *3;  200  lbs.,  JO,  3U0  lbs  ,  *13;  500  lbs.,  *21.12. 


S AL- VET  ia  equally  good  for  sheep,  lambs,  .. 
horses  and  cattle  infected  with  worms. 

Fill  out  the  coupon  now — I  will 
the  proper  ai 
60  days— yon  . 
charges  and 
fectly  satisfied 
days,  I  ask  no  pay.  You’ll 
boon  to  healthier,  thrifty  l._ 
of  feed,  time  and  worry.  You  1 
The  animate _  doctor  themselves.  1 


676 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


Juno  10. 


The  Henyard. 


GIVE  LITTLE  CHICKS  THE  GROUND. 

Could  you,  or  any  of  your  readers,  tell 
me  what  ails  my  chicks?  Chicks  were 
hatched  the  middle  of  March  with  every 
appearance  of  being  strong,  healthy  chicks. 
I  have  fed  according  to  directions  in  “The 
Business  Hen.”  They  seemed  all  right  for 
about  a  week,  when  some  of  them  suddenly 
become  crippled  in  legs  and  feet.  Some¬ 
times  they  would  act  as  though  choking, 
would  shake  their  heads  from  side  to  side 
and  walk  backward,  and  fall  over  until  I 
would  think  they  were  dying.  In  a  few 
minutes  they  would  go  to  eating  as  though 
nothing  had  ailed  them,  while  others  would 
remain  in  crippled  condition.  Sometimes 
they  peep  loudly  at  night,  as  if  in  pain.  I 
have  heard  one  peep  loudly  at  night,  would 
raise  lid  of  brooder,  find  chick  limp,  some¬ 
times  dead ;  sometimes  would  find  it  gap¬ 
ing  for  breath,  and  would  pick  it  up  only 
to  have  it  die  in  my  hand.  I  keep  tempera¬ 
ture  about  90  degrees  in  brooder,  have  not 
overfed,  as  I  always  keep  chicks  a  little 
hungry,  keep  them  clean  and  supplied  with 
fresh  water  and  grit.  I  have  raised  chick¬ 
ens  several  years,  but  never  had  a  disease 
like  this.  I  have  kept  chicks  on  board 
floor,  as  weather  would  not  permit  being 
put  out.  I  would  be  thankful  for  remedy 
or  preventive.  m.  l.  h. 

Martinsburg,  Pa. 

I  thought  this  a  rather  hard  question 
to  answer,  and  I  wrote  the  case  to  a 
friend  whom  I  consider  the  best  posted 
poultryman  I  know.  Here  is  his  reply: 
“Chicks  that  are  kept  on  board  floors 
will  develop  just  such  weaknesses. 
Chicks  should  never  be  kept  from  the 
ground  more  than  three  days  after  they 
are  hatched,  no  matter  what  the  weather 
or  the  time  of  year.  I’ve  proved  this 
time  and  again ;  there  is  something  in 
the  touch  of  old  Mother  Earth  that  they 
require,  and  to  deny  it  to  them  means 
death  or  weakness,  and  often  the  first 
within  two  weeks.  And  this  no  matter 
what  or  how  they  are  fed ;  often  in  ad¬ 
dition  to  the  symptoms  stated  by  M.  L. 
H.  their  bills  will  become  soft  like  rub¬ 
ber,  and  their  legs  get  out  of  shape.”  My 
friend  also  states  that  if  it  is  not  possi¬ 
ble  to  get  them  on  the  ground,  then 
sprinkle  their  litter  with  lukewarm 
water  one  a  day ;  this  helps  some ;  but 
shovel  away  the  snow  and  let  them  on 
the  ground,  and  if  they  are  from  healthy 
stock  you  won’t  lost  two  per  cent.  I 
think  my  friend  has  stated  the  case 
rather  strongly,  yet  I  have  seen  a  big 
brooder  house  with  hundreds  of  chicks 
in  it,  wherein  every  condition  seemed 
favorable  for  the  chicks,  and  they  seemed 
to  thrive  for  two  or  three  weeks,  then 
became  weak  on  their  legs,  totter  around, 
and  lie  down  and  die,  apparently  from 
sheer  weakness.  I  saw  those  chicks 
taken  out  and  put  on  the  grass  and  bare 
earth,  and  in  one  week  a  person  could 
hardly  believe  them  to  be  the  same 
chicks ;  the  leg  weakness  was  gone,  they 
were  running  around  vigorous  and 
thrifty  looking,  but  I  believe  they  would 
all  have  died  if  kept  in  the  brooder 
house.  The  runs  inside  my  brooder 
house  are  of  bare  earth  or  sand  and 
gravel,  but  I  find  it  good  practice  to  dig 
a  pail  of  damp  earth  from  outdoors  and 
empty  it  in  a  heap  in  the  runs,  and  I 
often  mix  their  dry  grain  in  this  heap 
and  let  the  chicks  scratch  it  out.  In  a 
state  of  nature  the  feet  of  the  little 
quail  or  partridge  are  wet  with  dew 
every  morning,  and  I  think  far  more 
chicks  are  injured  by  being  kept  too  dry, 
than  are  ever  harmed  by  dampness. 

GEO.  A.  COSGROVE. 


THAT  WHITE-EGGED  “AMERICAN”. 

On  page  57G  you  discuss  the  necessity 
of  an  all-purpose  fowl  of  the  American 
type  that  will  lay  white  eggs  and  at  the 
same  time  he  a  first-class  table  fowl.  Per¬ 
sonally  I  have  felt  that  want,  and  I  am 
now  making  experiments  looking  to  that 
end.  1  am  crossing  the  White  Wyandotte 
hen  with  the  Rose  Combed  Leghorn,  and  I 
think  with  a  prospect  of  success.  The  bird 
will  certainly  be  all  right,  but  it  will  take 
several  generations  to  fix  the  white  egg 
type.  It  has  been  done  in  the  Indian  Run¬ 
ner  duck,  and  why  not  with  the  ordinary 
chicken?”  I  have  some  Indian  Runner 
ducks,  and  every  egg  they  lay  is  clear 

white.  I  believe  I  or  others  can  do  the 
same  thing  with  the  cross  I  have  men¬ 
tioned.  Of  course  the  cross  above  men¬ 

tioned  has  been  made  by  many  persons,  but 
so  far  as  I  know  no  one  has  pursued  the 
matter  with  the  view  of  making  a  white 
egg  layer.  I  believe  the  cross  will  be  a 
first-class  egg  layer  and  at  the  same  time 
a  first-class  table  bird  that  will  mature 

early  and  prove  to  be  hardy. 

You  mention  the  Iloudan  as  a  desirable 
bird  for  the  object  named,  but  mention 
certain  objections  to  it.  I  raised  Iloudans 
at  least  25  years  ago,  but  discarded  them 
as  not  being  satisfactory.  I  am  raising 
them  again  at  the  present  time,  and  again 
find  them  not  satisfactory.  I  procured  eggs 
from  three  of  the  leading  Iloudan  enthus¬ 
iasts  and  raised  some  fine  birds.  1  have 
also  bought  some  fine  male  birds  and  have 
birds  as  good  as  any  I  have  seen  at  the 
shows.  I  do  not  find  them  as  good  layers 
under  similar  conditions  as  the  White 
Wyandottes.  Neither  are  the  young  chicks 


as  hardy,  and  in  fact  I  find  them  to  be  the 
hardest  chicks  to  get  up  to  the  four  weeks 
period  I  have  ever  tried.  Just  four  weeks 
ago  I  took  54  young  chicks  from  my  in¬ 
cubator,  about  half  White  Wyandotte  and 
Leghorn  cross,  and  the  other  half  Iloudans. 
During  the  four  weeks  I  have  lost  10  of 
the  hatch,  nine  of  them  being  Iloudans  and 
one  the  W.vaudotte-Leghorn  cross.  I  be¬ 
lieve  it  is  thought  that  the  conditions  at¬ 
tending  the  feeding  have  much  to  do  with 
the  vitality  of  the  egg  germ.  This  is  rea¬ 
sonable,  but  in  this  case  the  Iloudans  had 
the  advantage  very  greatly.  The  Wyan¬ 
dotte  hens  that  laid  the  eggs  from  which 
the  Wyandotte-Leghorn  cross  came  were 
and  are  yet  kept  up  in  a  small  dry  lot  in 
which  there  is  not  a  green  thing  growing, 
while  the  Iloudan  hens  run  at  large  in  a 
beautiful  Blue  grass  pasture,  with  a  stream 
of  running  water  in  it.  In  all  other  re¬ 
spects  they  were  fed  just  the  same.  I 
think  the  crest  is  a  decided  disadvantage 
in  more  than  one  respect.  It  is  objection¬ 
able  in  wet  weather,  it  obstructs  the  birds’ 
vision,  and  hence  is  an  easier  prey  to 
hawks.  But  what  I  believe  to  be  the  worst 
objection  is  that  the  great  tuft  of  feathers 
on  the  head  is  an  invitation  to  the  head 
louse  to  take  up  his  abode  there.  How¬ 
ever,  the  Iloudan  is  certainly  a  choice  table 
fowl.  I  believe  it  has  more  breast  meat 
than  any  other  fowl  of  anywhere  near  its 
weight,  and  the  meat  is  of  the  choicest 
kind.  Permit  me  in  conclusion  to  say  I 
have  neither  chickens  nor  ducks,  nor  the 
eggs  of  either  for  sale.  I  raise  both  be¬ 
cause  I  like  the  birds  and  like  to  work 
with  them.  I  hope  some  one  else  will  take 
up  the  production  of  the  cross  I  have 
mentioned  and  bring  it  to  completion,  be¬ 
cause  I  believe  it  is  needed,  and  that  this 
cross  is  the  shortest  road  to  the  desired 
end.  a.  w.  FOREMAN. 

Illinois. 


Snake  After  The  Mice. 

Apropos  of  your  article  on  page  558,  re¬ 
garding  rats  and  mice  in  the  henhouse,  my 
experience  was  this :  Our  henhouse  was 
over-run  with  mice  last  Summer.  We  not¬ 
iced  they  disappeared  in  the  middle  of  the 
Summer,  and  about  a  week  later  my  boy 
uncovered  a  big  snake,  its  body  as  round 
as  a  man's  arm.  literally  chuck  full  of 
mice.  Unfortunately  he  killed  the  snake, 
but  we  were  free  from  mice.  They  are, 
however,  making  a  showing  again,  and  we 
are  after  a  snake  for  a  couple  of  weeks’ 
work,  which  we  expect  will  clear  them  out 
for  the  remainder  of  the  year. 

New  York.  c.  d.  Richards. 

Here  are  some  probably  new  ways.  Try 
sticky  fly  paper  for  those  mice.  I  cut  it  in 
two  to  three  inch  squares  before  opening  the 
two  sheets,  and  put  it  around  where  the 
mice  run.  They  will  stick  fast  and  seem  to 
frighten  the  others  away.  For  crows  in 
corn  rather  a  cruel  way,  but  quite  effective, 
is  an  egg,  broken  at  large  end,  removing 
tho  shell  for  a  little  way  and  putting  a 
little  strychnine  in  the  egg  and  set  it  on 
small  end  in  the  ground.  A  crow  will  see 
the  egg  in  a  10-acre  lot.  I  haven't  used 
this  for  some  years  because  I  think  it  too 
barbarous  and  I  think  the  crows  get  enough 
cutworms  to  pay  for  the  damage  they  do. 
I  would  be  glad  to  join  a  farmers’  party 
if  it  can  be  so  organized  and  conducted  as 
to  be  generally  accepted  by  the  farmers.  If 
readers  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  or  any  farm  paper 
will  keep  a  scrapbook  and  clip  articles  of 
special  interest,  keeping  them  under  same 
or  similar  headings,  they  will  find  it  very 
convenient  and  will  seldom  need  to  write 
for  information.  I  am  using  the  grain  drill 
to  broadcast  350  pounds  of  acid  phosphate 
to  the  acre,  and  the  corn  is  up.  It  will  do 
instead  of  harrowing.  On  poor  land  I 
would  use  some  prospliate  for  Crimson 
clover ;  it  makes  a  great  deal  of  difference 
with  the  results,  and  do  not  sow  it  too 
late.  We  are  paying  .$28  a  ton  for  very 
poor  hay,  but  will  soon  have  new  hay 
crop  here.  H.  b. 

Virginia. 


Lice  and  Mites. — For  several  years  we 
have  advised  the  use  of  moth  balls  in  the 
nests  of  setting  hens  as  a  sure  preventive. 
Fears  are  entertained  by  many  that  the 
fumes  would  destroy  the  chick  in  the  shell. 
We  gave  a  trial  this  Spring  that  proves  the 
value  of  the  moth  ball.  We  put  three  balls 
in  each  of  six  nests  and  one  of  these  was 
very  high-priced  eggs.  The  balls  were  left 
in  the  nest  the  entire  21  days  and  every 
fertile  egg  hatched  out,  and  the  chicks  are 
as  lively  as  can  be,  with  no  sign  whatever 
of  either  lice  nor  nits.  We  use  the  moth 
balls  in  the  roosting  house  also  and  they 
are  entirely  free  from  the  pests ;  10  cents 
buys  a  pound  of  the  balls  and  these  will 
answer  for  50  setting  hens.  Once  tried  it 
will  be  the  one  remedy  used.  Lay  aside 
your  fears  and  try  them. 

,  J.  H.  HAYNES. 

I  set  30  R.  I.  Red  eggs  October  21  in  my 
incubator ;  on  November  21  I  hatched  17 
chicks.  I  kept  them  in  an  empty  room ; 
they  did  not  do  as  well  as  I  hoped.  They 
developed  weak  legs.  I  gave  them  small 
doses  of  quinine  and  rubbed  their  legs  with 
liniment;  however.  I  lost  10.  The  other 
seven  I  placed  out  of  doors  in  February. 
They  picked  up  finely  and  on  April  29 
(chicks  a  little  over  five  months  old)  I  got 
my  first  egg.  Since  then  I  get  four  or  five 
a  day ;  the  eggs  are  small.  My  neighbors 
think  it  is  unusual  for  chicks  to  lay  at  five 
months.  Their  toes  are  still  crooked,  other¬ 
wise  they  are  fine.  f.  v. 

Norwalk,  Conn. 

The  International  Utility  Poultry  Asso¬ 
ciation  has  been  organized,  with  headquar¬ 
ters  at  Buffalo,  F.  A.  Kuhn,  secretary.  Its 
object  is  thus  stated :  To  encourage  the 
breeding  of  pure  or  cross-bred  birds  in  re¬ 
gards  to  utility  by  breeding  only  from  se¬ 
lected  birds.  To  establish  laying  contests, 
under  proper  management.  To  conduct 
utility  poultry  shows.  To  obtain  the  best 
advice  for  members  relating  to  the  selection, 
breeding  and  keeping  utility  poultry.  To 
give  prizes  to  members  for  the  best  and 
most  economical  way  of  packing  and  mar¬ 
keting  poultry  products.  Arrangements  will 
be  made  for  members  having  surplus  poul¬ 
try  products  by  putting  them  in  communi¬ 
cation  witli  retail  dealers  and  large  con¬ 
sumers.  By  the  adoption  of  a  standard 
package  to  be  used,  by  members  only.  To 
try  to  reduce  shipping  rates.  To  draw  at¬ 
tention  of  tlie  consuming  public  of  the  high 
quality  of  the  members’  poultry  products. 
Dues,  $1  per  year. 


Farmers  having  sand  or  gravel  cn 

their  places,  are  invited  to  send  us  samples 
for  inspection.  After  careful  examination,  we  will 
write  you  our  opinion  as  to  whether  your  sand  or 
gravel  is  suitable  for  concrete  work.  Be  sure  to 
send  us  a  sample  of  about  six  pounds,  by  express, 
charges  prepaid.  Send  to  Room  1836,  72  West 
Adams  St.,  Chicago. 

Remember  that  the  only  materials  necessary  for 
concrete  work  are  cement,  sand  and  gravel  or 
crushed  stone.  If  you  use  Universal  Portland 
cement,  you  may  be  sure  that  you  have  safe 
cement,  but  you  must  also  make  sure  that  your  sand 
and  gravel  is  suitable  for  cement  work, 

UNIVERSAL  PcementD  COMPANY 

CHICAGO  PITTSBURG  MINNEAPOLIS 

72  West  Adams  St.  Trick  Building  Security  Sank  Building; 

Annual  Output  1 0,000,000  Barrels 


— r- ■?  - - — t - "rrr. — — .-.-r-  — — rr*7 -  — tt— — 7 — - ; - * - - — ~ — — 

1 

• - - - - - ■  -  ■  • — ■ -  -■.•■■•..•-ft.-.  ■■  ..  . —  igj-V-t.-., Aril 

DflVAPn~A  specially  prepared  scratch  food 
rvIVflUU  which  will  positively  prevent  diarr¬ 
hoea  among  chicks.  2-bu.  bag  $2.00.  Circular  free. 

1’OKACO  CHICK  FOOD  CO., 

30  Gansevoort  St,,  -  New  York,  N.  \T. 

fsfinfl  Single-Combed  white  Leghorns,  Barred 
nil UU  Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
vwww  3r<)nze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 
right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  best  selections.  Largest  success¬ 
ful  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM,  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 

DAVIS  S.  C.  REDS 

200  ECC  STRAIN  Prices  reduced  after  May  1 

EGGS  utility,  $5.00  per  100;  $1.00  per  13, 

LAKEHILL  FARM 

YV.  H.  T11ACH lilt. 

Single  and  Rose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W.  P.  Rocks 
and  Imp.  Pekin  Ducks.  Cockerels  and  Ducks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  iu  any  quantity  from  $2  up. 
Chicks.  $15  per  100  Ducklings,  $25  per  100.  Write 
for  special  prices  in  large  lots.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  of  hatching  eggs  and  day  old  chicks 
and  ducklings.  Safe  delivery  and  satisfaction 
guaranteed.  CARL  W.  LLOYD,  Mgr,, 

Hillside.  Westchester  County.  N.  Y. 

Mammoth  Hot  Water  Incubator  Chicks,  $15.00  per  100 

DAVIS  POULTRY  FARM,  Berlin,  Mass. 

Eggs  For  Hatching-?.-, KS?_ 

Indian  Runner  Ducks.  Higli-class  stock- 
utility,  show  or  export  SINCLAIR  SMITH,  tiU2 
Fifth  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Hunn  Lake  Poultry  Farm 

White  Wyandotte  Chicks,  $12  per  100.  Eggs,»5per  100. 

Rahv  From  grand  free  range  S.  C.  W, 

utxuy  v.uii.iy»  Leghorn  Hens  mated  with  males 
$10.00  per  100  hatched  from  D.  W.  Youngs 

THE  FARMER'S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THUS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Rich  land,  N.  Y. 

HICKORY  ISLAND  FARM.  Clayton,  N.  Y. 

1A/HITE  EGG  STRAIN  INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS— Thor- 
VV  onglibred,  vigorous  birds.  Wonderful  layers 
of  largo  white  eggs;  mated  with  imported  d rakes, 
well  marked,  fawn  and  white;  $2.00  for  15;  Buff 
Orpingtons,  $1.50  for  15.  Liberal  discount  for  incu¬ 
bator  eggs.  Cherry  Hill  Farms,  Pittstown,  N.  J. 

\X7YCKOFF- BLANCH  A  RD  strains  Single-Comb 
’  v  White  Leghorns,  $1.25  setting.  Heavy  laying 
Rose-Conib  Black  Jlinorcas,  $1.50  setting.  Circular. 
HIGH  RIDGE  POULTRY  FARM,  Laurel.  Mi>. 

Buff,  Wh.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  S.  C.  R.  I.  Red. 
Eggs.  90c.  per  15,  $1.50  per  30.  $2.75  per  00,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  Pa. 

SPECIAL  OFFER- White  Rock  Eggs.  $1  ft  15;  $5  $  100. 
Partridge  Cochin  Eggs,  $1.25  ^  15;  $0.00  ^  100. 
Partridge  Wyandotte  Eggs.  $1.00  15:  $5.00  ^  100. 

Barred  Rock  Eggs.  $1.25  15;  $7.00  ^  100. 

Fresh  eggs  from  good  stock,  free  range  and  healthy. 

Circular  prices  hold  on  your  choice  of  matings. 
MINCH  BROS.,  R-2,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Baby  Chicks,  prompt  shipment,  $9  per  100.  Hatch¬ 
ing  Eggs,  Pullets  and  Yearling  Hens,  prompt  or 
future  shipment.  Quality  kind  at  right  prices. 

SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington,  N.  J. 

PRIZE  WINNING  STRAINS ! 

dottes,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  both  combs,  Single 
Comb  White  and  Brown  Leghorns,  eggs  $1.50,  15; 
$7.00,  100.  Light  and  Dark  Brahmas,  $2.00,  15.  Cat¬ 
alog  gratis.  F.  M.  PRESCOTT,  Riverdale,  N.  J. 

S.  G.  White  Leghorn  BABY  CHICKS 

Chicks  that  make  good.  High  class  utility  stock. 
Prompt  delivery.  $10  per  100.  Circular.  Van  Chest 
Poultry  Farm,  Salt  Point,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y. 

IXrRIGIIT’R  WHITE  WYANDOTTE  WINNERS 

— Baby  Chix.  June  Hatch,  $11  per  100;  $0  per  50. 
grand  View  farm,  -  stanfordville,  n.  y. 

C  f»  UfHITE  LEGHORNS.  Barred  Plymouth  Rocks. 
w>  Ua  If  Mammoth  White  Pekin  Ducks,  Stock, 
batching  eggs,  chicks,  ducklings.  Circular.  Kst.1904 
Abovo  Poultry  Farm.  Chatham,  Morris  Co.  N.  J. 

no  EGGS  SI. 00 — Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poui- 
ZU  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Luge  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 

DABY  CHICKS— Single  Comb  White  Leghorns, 
Rose  Comb  Rhode  Island  Reds,  9c  and  12c  each. 
Strong  and  livable.  From  vigorous  free  range  stock, 
bred  for  utility  and  standard  qualities.  Safe  delivery 
guaranteed.  WESLEY  GR1NNELL.  Sodus,  N.  Y. 

EGGS — $1  p«*r  15,  $2  per  40  of  Thor.  Brahma*.  Rocks,  Wyan- 
dottes,  lted«,  Mlnorcas,  Houdans,  Leghorns,  Ilamlmrgs;  19  var., 
28  years’  experience.  Catalogue.  8.  K.  Mohr,  Coopcrsburg,  l*a. 

Pflll  1  TRYMFN-I>on't  f:lil  t0  secure  Stock  and 
lUULI  11  I  IYiLIi  Eggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Marietta,  Pa. 

Farmers  and  Poultrymen. 

You  must  not  blame  us  if  occasionally  our  en¬ 
thusiasm  hubbies  over  when  speaking  of  our  cus¬ 
tom  hatching  department  as  carried  on  by  our 
experts  in  our  mammoth  hot  water  incubator. 
Results  are  showing  people  all  over  the  country 
that  we  know  our  business  by  saving  them  time, 
worry  and  money,  and  giving  them  stronger  chicks 
than  the  old  lien  or  kerosene  oil  fume  incubators 
ever  did.  You  send  us  the  eggs— we’ll  do  the  rest- 
do  it  right  and  send  you  the  chicks.  Write  for  in¬ 
formation  and  prices,  anyway. 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM,  Millertan,  N.  Y. 

S.  C.  W,  LEGHORN 

Breeding  Hens  at  low  price  to  make  room.  Also 
promising  Cockerels  cheap  in  quantities.  Also  R  I. 
Reds.  Eggs  for  batching  SI.  Moritz  Farm,  Ramsey,  N.J 

Fawn  and  White  Indian  Runner  Duck  Eggs  at  half  price 
for  June.  $1.  per  13.  W.  T.  Easton,  Rt.  5,  Delaware,  Ohio. 

PP*  A  HFMQ-TWO  FOR  SALE,  $5.00— DO- 
r  C.AY.rilLl'NO  MESTICATED:  also  WHITE 
PEKIN  DUCKS,  EMBDEN  GEESE  — PURE 

H.  M.  POTTER,  MT.  VISION,  N.  Y. 

rppo— BARRED  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS, 

"  U  U  U  Mammoth  Bronze  Turkeys, Pearl  Guineas, 
w  and  Indian  Runner  Ducks.  Write  for 
Free  Price  List.  POPLAR  LAWN  FARMS.  West  Falls,  N.  Y. 

1915, 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


U77 


SELLING  SILAGE  AS  A  BUSINESS. 

Do  you  know  of  any  case  where  corn 
silage  has  been  sold  as  business  propo¬ 
sition?  How  was  it  handied  for  delivery 
and  what  price  was  obtained  for  it?  Would 
it  be  possible  in  your  neighborhood  to  find 
a  market  for  silage  among  your  neighbors 
or  friends? 

I  know  of  only  one  instance  where  silage 
has  been  sold.  This  was  the  case  of  two 
neighbors  who  lived  abont  three-quarters  of 
a  mile  apart,  and  silage  was  drawn  every 
other  day  from  the  silo.  I  do  not  know 
what  the  prices  were.  I  do  not  think  that 
any  one  could  get  enough  per  ton  to  pay 
to  enter  the  business,  although  I  think  a 
market  could  be  found  if  it  were  offered 
cheap  enough  ;  therefore  I  do  not  think  it 
would  be  a  financial  success  in  this  section 
of  the  country.  C.  T.  g. 

Canton,  N.  Y. 

I  do  not  know  of  any  silage  being  sold 
here  as  there  are  very  few  silos  in  my 
neighborhood,  but  I  think  anyone  offering 
silage  for  sale  at  a  reasonable  price  could 
dispose  of  any  quantity.  There  are  a  good 
number  of  cows  aronnd  here  producing  milk 
for  New  York  market,  and  it  is  a.  sort  of 
combination  between  Summer  boarders  and 
dairying.  The  farmers  do  not  raise  much 
grain  and  corn,  but  ride  around  with  board¬ 
ers  and  buy  feed  for  stock,  as  it  is  so  much 
easier  than  working  in  the  fields,  so  I  think 
there  would  be  no  trouble  in  disposing  of 
silage.  t.  b.  k. 

Orange  Co.,  N.  Y. 

In  a  locality  like  the  “Western  Reserve 
of  Ohio,”  where  the  silos  run  from  SO  to 
1 20  to  the  township,  which  means  every 
dairyman  a  siloist,  it  would  be  a  bard  prop¬ 
osition  to  make  and  sell  silage  as  a  com¬ 
mercial  enterprise.  It  could  be  done  under 
favorable  conditions  where  the  supply  and 
consumer  were  closely  associated,  for  silage 
once  forked  out  of  its  bed  soon  warms  up 
to  an  undesirable  degree.  There  is  some 
silage  sold,  however,  such  as  occurs  in 
change  of  property,  and  change  of  tenants, 
or  a  division  sale.  There  seems  to  be  an 
unwritten  law  that  silage  is  worth  in  the 
pit  one-third  of  the  price  of  good  hay  per 
ton.  I  have  “umpired-’  several  cases  in 
this  way,  and  the  plan  seems  to  be  well 
accepted.  The  question  comes  in  here  based 
on  this  apparent  accepted  custom — can  a 
man  afford  to  raise  and  put  up  silage  and 
sell  at  $3.50  to  $4.50  per  ton,  figuring  that 
he  can  raise  15  tons  per  acre,  after  paying 
for  labor  of  all  kinds,  and  rent  of  land, 
storage  and  the  like?  Of  course  $50  per 
acre  for  silage  sounds  well ;  but  would  it  pay 
a  man,  if  customers  were  at  hand,  to  do 
this,  in  place  of  feeding  this  silage  on  the 
farm  where  grown,  and  get  it  at  first  hand 
cost?  Here  is  a  problem  for  our  students 
for  _  the  "conservation  of  farm  resources” 
to  figure  out.  john  gould. 

Ohio. 

I  have  only  known  of  a  few  scattering 
cases  of  people  selling  silage,  and  they  were 
Where  farms  or  farmers  were  changing  about 
m  handling  a  business.  It  has  sold  at  from 
$3.50  to  $4.50  per  ton  in  various  cases.  I 
cannot  see  .how  it  could  be  made  a  selling 
business  in  this  section  of  the  land,  for  the 
reason  that  the  farms  are  large  for  the 
number  of  cows  or  cattle  kept,  and  there 
Is  generally  feed  to  ship  away.  However, 
we  have  a  new  milk  condensery  in  operation 
here,  and  farmers  have  pledged  2,000  or 
more  cows  to  furnish  it  milk,  and  there  is 
a  big  revival  of  interest  in  silage.  I  am 
certain  there  will  be  around  100  silos  erect¬ 
ed  about  our  near  locality  this  season. 
There  has  been  enough  Eureka  silage  corn 
sold  here  to  plant  at  least  700  acres  of  the 
best  silage  corn  that  has  yet  been  invented. 
As  for  making  a  business  of  putting  up  and 
selling  silage  to  other  farmers,  it  could  be 
worked  out  in  localities  near  large  cities, 
and  where  places  were  small  and  the  owners 
kept  good-sized  herds  of  cows  and  bought 
most  of  their  feed.  I  think  it  is  more  than 
likely  that  a  wide-awake  man  could  work 
up  such  a  business  in  many  places  in  the 
eastern  part  of  the  country  where  there  are 
lots  of  small  farms  about  the  centers  of 
population.  The  great  drawback  would  be 
that  it  would  mean  one  must  haul  feed 
every  day  and  that  might  detract  from  the 
advisability  of  such  a  business.  Silage 
must  be  fresh  to  be  at  its  best,  and  at  that 
time  it  is  a  wonderful  cow  food.  I  am 
sure  that  in  the  East,  where  feed  is  expen¬ 
sive,  that  good  silage  would  be  cheap  at  $5 
to  $G  per  ton.  It  is  safe  to  figure  that  one 
can  grow  20  tons  of  silage  per  acre  if 
Eureka  seed  corn  is  used,  and  just  half 
is  done  toward  giving  the  corn  a  chance. 

I  am  sure  1  could  grow  20  tons  of  silage  per 
acre  at  a  cost  of  $20  per  acre  for  growing 
and  harvesting,  and  if  it  was  sold  at  $5 
per  ton  it  would  make  a  return  of  $75  to 
$80  per  acre  for  the  land.  In  this  cost  I 
have  not  taken  into  account  the  fertilizer 
question  or  manure,  and  of  course  in  the 
East  that  would  mean  more  cost.  The 
ground  should  be  left  over  Winter  in  rye 
or  some  other  cover  crop,  and  that  could 
well  be  plowed  down  for  manure. 

Branch  Co.,  Mich.  R.  c.  angevinb. 


INDICTMENT  OF  MILK  TRUST.— In¬ 
dictments  were  returned  May  20  by  the 
Federal  grand  jury  against  four  Boston 
milk  concerns  and  one  individual  milk 
dealer,  as  well  as  against  the  New  York, 
New  Haven  and  Hartford  Railroad,  for  al¬ 
leged  violations  of  the  Sherman  anti-trust 
law  and  the  Elkins  act.  It  is  charged  in 
tiie  indictment  that  the  violations  have  ex¬ 
tended  over  a  period  of  six  years.  The 
firms  indicted  are  D.  Whiting  &  Sons,  com¬ 
posed  of  Isaac  George  and  JVhn  K.  Whiting  ; 
11.  P.  Hood  &  Sons,  composed  of  Charles 
and  Edward  J.  Hood;  William  A.  Gran- 
stein  of  the  Graustein  Company,  and  Will¬ 
iam  A.  Hunter  of  Worcester,  who  is  secre¬ 
tary  of  the  Milk  Producers’  Union.  Viola¬ 
tions  of  the  Elkins  act  are  charged  against 
the  New  Haven  Railroad  and  the  Elm  Farm 
Milk  Company  of  Boston,  rebating  being 
alleged.  The  Whitings,  Hoods,  Graustein 
and  Hunter  are  charged  with  controlling  86 
per  cent  of  the  milk  supply  in  Boston,  Cam¬ 
bridge,  Somerville,  Lynn,  Salem,  Beverly 
and  Worcester  in  the  matter  of  delivery, 
obtaining  their  supply  from  Maine,  New 
Hampshire,  Massachusetts,  Connecticut  and 
New  York.  The  indictment  against  the 
New  Haven  road  and  the  Elm  Farm  Milk 
Company  alleges  that  the  latter  paid  a  rate 
which  permitted  it  to  ship  milk  from  Wiill- 
mantie,  Conn.,  to  Boston,  in  lots  of  840  cans 
per  car,  but  that  in  reality  the  railroad 
company  supplied!  the  Elm  Farm  Company 
with  cars  that  had  a  capacity  of  1,240  cans 
without  charging  a  different  rate. 


[HOW  TO  HOBBLE  A  COW. 

The  question  was  recently  asked  :  "How 
shall  I  hobble  a  high-strung,  nervous  cow 
so  I  can  catch  her  while  at  pasture?” 

If  F.  B.  will  take  a  board  long  enough 
to  come  out  beyound  the  eyes,  bore  two 
holes,  put  in  a  rope,  and  tie  around  the 
horns  and  let  it  hang  over  the  eyes  he  will 
be  able  to  get  the  cow  without  using  rifle. 
A  piece  of  leather  tacked  on  the  inside 
would  keep  board  from  rubbing. 

Brunswick,  Me.  l.  h. 

F.  B.  wants  to  hobble  his  cow  so  that  he 
can  catch  her  in  the  field.  We  once  had 
a  horse  that  was  bard  to  catch  in  the  field. 
We  hobbled  him  by  attaching  a  short  chain 
by  straps  around  the  ankle,  just  below  the 
fetlock  of  the  foreleg,  to  that  of  the  hind 
leg.  Straps  were  buckled  around  the  leg 
with  rings,  in  which  snaps  on  the  end  of 
the  chain  were  fastened.  The  chain  was 
;fust  long  enough  to  allow  him  to  walk 
comfortably,  bat  he  could  not  run.  Why 
not  hobble  a  cow  the  same  way? 

Chatham  Center,  N.  Y.  j.  a.  m. 

Tell  F.  B.,  page  558,  to  try  this :  Get  a 
broad  strap  that  will  buckle  around  shin 
of  foreleg,  attach  rope  or  light  chain  20 
feet  or  more  in  length  and  stake  bis  cow 
out.  Change  strap  from  one  leg  to  the 
other  occasionally  to  prevent  possible  chaf¬ 
ing.  Then  when  he  goes  to  milk  take  along 
something  good  for  her  to  eat,  be  kind  to 
her  and  after  a  while  he  can  probably  turn 
her  loose  with  the  prospect  of  seeing  her 
again,  but  that  Is  a  mighty  good  way  to 
tether  a  cow,  and  be  can  feed  off  any  odd 
bits  of  grass  he  may  happen  to  have. 

Frankfort,  N.  Y.  h.  g. 

Here  is  my  experience  and  remedy.  Any 
one  who  beats  it  gets  up  earlier  than  I  do. 
Several  years  ago  I  bought  a  1,000-pound 
bay  mare,  went  to  look  at  her,  stepped  in 
stall  beside  her,  and  thought  she  would  kick 
me  out.  The  owner  (an  old  man)  then  ex¬ 
plained  that  no  one  ever  drove  her  but 
himself,  then  only  with  some  kind  of  cruel 
wire  bit.  She  was  very  much  afraid  of 
strangers ;  one  eye  was  destroyed  when  a 
little  colt  and  she  saw  more  than  nine- 
tenths  do  with  two  eyes.  I  took  her  home 
and  In  her  stall  at  my  approach  she  would 
tremble  like  a  leaf,  and  in  the  yard  would 
seek  the  farthest  corner  at  the  sight  of 
man.  I  never  went  to  the  stable  without 
apples  in  my  pocket,  never  raised  my 
voice  above  my  natural  pitch,  always 
called  her  by  name,  talked  and  reasoned 
with  her,  as  though  she  were  a  person. 
To-day  all  is  changed ;  I  can  crawl  under 
her  body  or  between  hind  or  forward 
limbs,  she  whinnies  and  comes  at  every  call. 
A  more  ambitious  and  better  disposition  no 
four  feet  ever  carried.  So  much  for  the 
horse.  Two  months  ago  I  sold  a  pet  pair 
of  finest  matched  Holstein  4,000-pound 
oxen  that  I  thought  almost  as  much  of  as 
myself,  bnt  old  age  said  we  must  part,  so 
part  we  did.  At  once  I  started  for  the 


sparsely  settled  hills  and  mountains  look¬ 
ing  for  another  pair.  I  found  them;  the 
owner  had  to  yoke  them  while  tied.  Once 
out,  heads  and  tails  up,  eyes  bulging,  red 
in  color,  they  looked  and  acted  much  like 
a  pair  of  mountain  deer.  Owner  said  they 
were  frisky  of  strangers,  and  might  get 
away.  I  started  home  ; ;  first  two  miles  run¬ 
ning  all  the  way,  got  home  next  day.  When 
In  their  stalls  and  passing  in  front  of  thorn 
they  would  fly  back  fall  length  of  rope,  and 
when  behind  if  possible  would  have  jumped 
Into  the  manger.  As  for  getting  near  them 
in  the  yard,  it  was  simply  out  of  the  ques¬ 
tion,  to  say  nothing  about  a  20-acre  lot. 
To-day  all  is  changed;  my  treatment  was 
much  the  same  as  for  the  horse.  To-day 
I  can  call  and  catch  them  anywhere,  even 
in  a  1.000-acre  lot  and  don't  need  a  rifle 
either,  although.  1  have  one  that  shoots  two 
miles,  but  use  it  for  the  woodchucks  mainly. 
The  only  bobble  that  cow  needs  is  a  suit¬ 
able  blanket  or  fly-preparation  to  keep 
those  pesky  flics  away.  And  here’s  my 
guarantee,  too,  that  she  will  give  no  less 
than  twice  as  much  milk  and  butter,  too, 
to  say  nothing  about  the  Society  for  the 
Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Animals  getting 
after  you  and  putting  you  in  the  peniten¬ 
tiary,  where  to  my  opinion  all  such  of¬ 
fenders  ought  to  go  long  enough  to  learn 
a  lesson  or  two,  wm,  rothemyek. 

Montgomery  Co.,  N.  Y. 


SUMMER  SILAGE. 

As  to  the  man  who  wants  to  feed  200 
pounds  per  day  of  silage  in  Summer,  there 
is  no  question  bnt  that  silage  will  make  a 
good  substitute  for  Summer  pasture.  We 
have  fed  it  the  year  round  with  much  satis¬ 
faction.  The  trouble  with  the  above  prop¬ 
osition  is  the  small  amount  needed.  Silage 
spoils  quickly  when  exposed  to  the  air,  and 
it  is  necessary  to  feed  off  the  exposed  sur-  I 
face  at  least  two  Inches  per  day  in  warm 
weather.  Now  a  cubic  foot  of  silage  will 
weigh  from  30  to  40  pounds,  and  feeding 
200  pounds  per  day  will  consume  only 
five  or  six  cubie  feet.  This  would  take 
two  inches  off  from  the  surface  of  30  to 
40  square  feet,  which  means  that  the  silo 
could  not  be  more  than  about  six  feet 
square.  I  doubt  very  much  if  it  is  wise 
to  try  to  keep  so  small  a  bulk  of  silage 
over  Winter  for  Summer  feeding.  The  bulk 
is  so  small  in  proportion  to  the  wall  surface 
that  I  should  fear  it  would  not  settle 
firmly  enough  against  the  walls  to  exclude 
the  air  and  prevent  its  spoiling.  For  such 
a  limited  amount  of  stock  I  think  I  should 
rather  trust  to  a  succession  of  soiling  crops, 
such  as  rye,  oats  and  peas,  sweet  corn,  etc., 
or  better  yet  get  an  acre  of  Alfalfa  started, 
which  will  furnish  a  succession  of  cuttings 
for  soiling.  i.  allen. 

Ohio. 


WEASELS  AND  OXEN. 

In  regard  to  weasel  injuring  oxen,  page 
558.  why  not  spray  the  animal  with  a  dip  or 
solution  to  keep  off  flies,  anything  that 
would  be  obnoxious  to  the  weasel?  Or 
have  a  good  rat  dog  in  the  stable  ;  we  find 
the  fox  terriers  good  ratters.  p.  g.  s. 

The  Dalles,  Ore. 


Queer  Horseshoes. — In  Japan,  rice 
straw,  strapped  on  to  the  horse’s  foot,  is 
used  for  horseshoes.  The  Icelandic  ponies 
wear  shoes  made  of  sheep’s  horn.  In  certain 
parts  of  Central  Asia  the  horses  have  shoes 
made  from  the  antlers  of  the  mountain 
deer.  These  are  fastened  to  their  feet  by 
means  of  horn  pins.  The  queerest  horse¬ 
shoes,  however,  are  those  employed  in  the 
Soudan ;  these  are  not  really  shoes,  but 
stockings  made  of  camel’s  skin. 


Whex  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deaL”  See  guarantee  editorial  f>age. 


A  DIPPING  TANK  OR  A  HOG  WALLOW 

WITH 

KRESO  DIPN2.I 


V/ILL  DO  THE  WORK 

THERE.  IS  NO  EXCUSE  FOR  LOUSY  MANGY 
UNTHRIFTY  PIGS.  IF  YOU  HAVE  SOME 
OF  THIS  KIND  YOU  WILL  FIND  IT  WORTH 
WHILE  TO  GET  OUR  CIRCULAR  ON 
TANKS  AND  WALLOWS.  IT  TELLS 
HOW  TO  MAKE  THEM  OF  CEMENT 

5  KRESO  DIP  N2I 

IS  A  REAL  NECESSITY 

ABOUT  ALL  LIVE  STOCK 
FOR  KILLING  LICE.TICKS, MITES, FLEAS, 
FOR  TREATING  SCAB.MANGE, RINGWORM. 

AND  OTHER  SKIN  DISEASES: 

TO  DISINFECT,  DEODORIZE, 
CLEANSE  Qc  PURIFY.  , 

ALL  OF  THESE  USES  FULLY  DESCRIBED 
IN  OUR  BOOKLETS.  WRITE  FOR  COPIES 
ASK  YOUR  DRUGGIST  FOR  KRESO  DIP  NC  J 

PARKE, DAVIS  a  CO., 


DEPARTMENT  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY. 


Philadelphia  SILOS 

have  a  10  year  reputation  for  strength  and  efficiency. 
Posiitiveiy  the  only  Silos  made  tha  t  have  an  Opening 
Roof — Only  Continuous  Open  Front.  Our  SO  ft.  Silo 
equals  other  36  ft.  Silos  capacity.  Over  5,000  in  use. 
Opening  roof  works  automatically— permits  Silos  be¬ 
ing  fully  packed.  Also  splendid  line  in  Water  Tanka, 
Gasoline  Engines,  Pumps,  etc.  Get  free  catalogue. 

E.  F.  SCHLICHTER  CO.,  129  Fuller  Bldg.,  Phila.,  Pa. 


“Scrub”  Cream  Separators  as 
Unprofitable  as  “Scrub”  Cows 

Advice  of  a  great  creamery  concern  to  its  patrons 


All  Creameries  Recognize  Superiority  of 
DE  LAVAL  Cream  Separators 

All  the  big  creamery  and  cream  gathering1  concerns, 
with  their  years  of  practical  separator  and  cream 
experience,  know  the  great  advantages  of  the 
DE  LAVAL  Separators  in  farm  as  well  as  factory 
separation,  and  all  of  them  will  privately  advise  the 
purchase  of  a  DE  LAVAL  Separator,  though  the 
competition  between  them  in  their  own  business  is  so 
keen  that  some  are  reluctant  to  openly  antagonize 
the  agents  and  dealers  handling  various  makes  of 
other  separators. 

Great  Omaha  Creamery  Always 
Recommends  Purchase  of  DE  LAVAL 

The  very  successful  and  constantly  growing  David 
Cole  Creamery  Co.,  of  Omaha,  Nebr.,  the  general 
manager  of  which,  Mr.  E.  S.  Snively,  one  of  the  most 
able  and  best-known  creamerymen  in  the  country  and 
for  many  years  previously  a  Beatrice  Creamery  Co. 
manager,  never  hesitates,  However,  to  come  out 
“square  and  flat-footed”  in  favor  of  the  DE  LAV^L 
when  asked  for  separator  advice  by  patrons  and  those 
who  would  become  patrons. 

Mistake  Not  to  Purchase  the  Best 
Separator,  the  DE  LAVAL 

We  have  just  received  a  letter  of  the  David  Cole 
Creamery  Co.,  in  reply  to  a  Missouri  dairy  farmer 


wanting  separator  advice,  from  which  we  quote  the 
following  instructive  paragraph: 

“We  believe  the  DE  LAVAL  is  the  best  separator 
made.  We  feel  that  anyone  wishing  to  purchase 
a  separator  makes  a  great  mistake  unless  he 
purchases  the  best  machine  on  the  market.  No 
one  can  make  a  success  of  dairying  by  continuing 
to  use  scrub  cows.  Neither  can  he  make  a  success 
of  dairying  by  using  scrub  separators.” 

Sound  Advice  to  Separator  Buyers 

That’s  the  soundest  kind  of  sound  advice,  by  the 
givina-  of  which  the  David  Cole  Creamery  Co.  is  saving- 
many  thousands  of  donars  to  its  patrons  as  well  as 
insuring  to  themselves  a  better  quality  of  cream 
capable  of  producing  a  higher  quality  of  butter,  and 
the  results  show  that  month  by  month  they  are  able 
to  get  more  and  better  cream  by  telling  tire  whole 
truth  about  separators  to  anyone  who  seeks  it. 

Safe  Rule  for  Cow  Owners  to  Follow 

“No  scrub  cows  and  no  scrub  separators’’  is  a  rule 
every  dairy  farmer  may  wisely  apply  to  his  dairying, 
and  be  certain  to  derive  profit  and  satisfaction  from 
doing  so. 

We  can’t  furnish  the  cow^s  but  WE  CAN  FURNISH 
THE  SEPARATOR,  and  shall  he  glad  to  supply  any 
desired  information  regarding  the  “World’s  Stand¬ 
ard”  DE  LAVAL. 


The  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  COMPANY 


>66-167  Broadway 
NEW  YORK 


20  E.  Madison  Street 
CHICAGO 


172-177  William  Street 
MONTREAL 


14  &  16  Princess  Street 
WINNIPEG 


Drumm  &  Sacramento  Sts. 
SAN  FRANCISCO 

1016  Western  Avenue 
SEATTLE 


678 


'THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Juno  10, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


Your  letter  with  check  for  .$300  from 
Geo.  Currier  received  Monday.  Thank  you 
again  and  again.  M.  w. 

Massachusetts. 

This  subscriber  bought  stock  in  the 
Currier  Pub.  Company,  of  Chicago,  Ill., 
with  a  guarantee  of  dividends.  The 
dividends  were  paid  for  a  time  and  then 
stopped.  The  Company,  of  course,  is 
under  no  obligations  to  redeem  its 
stock,  but  in  view  of  the  representa¬ 
tions  made  at  time  of  sale,  Mr.  Currier 
consented  to  take  it  over. 

As  I  have  no  funds  at  present  for  such 
tempting  bait  as  the  inclosed  stock  of  The 
Bible  Calendar  and  Publishing  Co.,  offered 
in  the  accompanying  letter  from  your  city,  I 
pass  it  along  for  your  consideration. 
Colorado.  G.  D.  r. 

These  people  have  gone  a  long  way 
in  search  of  easy  money.  Any  stock 
that  requires  a  guarantee  is  not  in 
itself  a  sound  investment,  and  such 
guarantees  are  of  any  account  only 
when  you  know  the  guarantor  is  re¬ 
sponsible  and  that  he  will  remain  so. 
Let  publishing  company  stocks  alone. 

For  more  than  a  generation  farmers 
have  been  swindled  and  robbed  by  pro¬ 
duce  commission  men  in  New  York  and 
other  cities,  large  and  small.  These 
houses  receive  the  goods  and  return  lit¬ 
tle  or  nothing  as  they  please.  The  Col¬ 
lin  bill  was  introduced  at  Albany  this 
year  to  reform  some  of  the  abuses.  It 
was  defeated  in  the  Assembly  by  a  vote 
of  35  to  58.  A  few  dozen  commission 
houses  have  more  influence  at  Albany 
than  all  the  farmers  of  the  State.  No 
matter  what  the  pretense  of  those  who 
opposed  this  bill,  the  real  argument  was 
for  the  privilege  of  plunder  and  rob¬ 
bery. 

My  wife  received  a  check  from  W.  M. 
Ostrander  Co.  of  New  York  to  be  used  as 
first  payment  for  a  lot  in  Lincoln,  X.  J., 
near  New  York.  Isn't  this  the  same  man 
who  used  to  offer  to  buy  or  sell  real  estate 
anywhere  at  any  time?  I  enclose  the 
check.  Please  return  it  as  I  need  it  to 
kindle  the  fire  in  the  morning.  e.  h.  b. 
Massachusetts. 

Some  time  back  one  of  our  subscrib¬ 
ers  bought  two  of  these  lots  for  $225. 
After  paying  $90,  he  asked  us  to  look 
them  up.  The  best  estimate  we  were 
able  to  get  on  them  was  $15  apiece, 
and  no  market  for  them  at  that.  An¬ 
other  woman  bought  two  lots  and  after 
paying  about  $600,  offered  $300  in  one 
sum  to  close  up  the  balance  due.  Os¬ 
trander  accepted,  and  she  sent  the  check 
to  us  to  get  the  deed  for  her.  We  found 
that  the  lots  were  not  worth  the  $300 
and  returned  the  check  to  her,  advising 
her  to  drop  the  whole  thing.  And  she 
did.  The  R.  N.-Y.  people  are  not  likely 
to  bite  on  such  tempting  fakes. 

I  have  become  interested  in  a  man  by  the 
name  of  Jared  Flagg.  lie  is  not  on  the 
stock  exchange,  but  does  business  through 
them,  I  believe.  If  you  invest  $100  he 
claims  it  will  earn  about  $50  in  one  year. 
Do  you  know  anything  of  this  man  acid 
would  you  consider  it  a  fairly  safe  invest¬ 
ment?  u.  a.  s. 

Connecticut. 

If  apparently  sensible  people  were  not 
getting  caught  with  such  chaff  every 
day,  we  would  not  think  a  question  like 
the  above  asked  in  good  faith.  If  any 
man  could  make  a  hundred  dollars  earn 
fifty  dollars  within  a  year,  don’t  you 
think  he  would  do  it  for  himself  rather 
than  for  you  ?  Do  you  call  it  an  invest¬ 
ment  to  send  money  to  a  man  about 
whom  you  know  nothing,  on  the 
strength  of  a  big  promise?  The  prop¬ 
osition  is  evidently  presented  as  a  gam¬ 
ble.  The  money  could  not  legitimately 
earn  so  much.  If  you  make  it,  some 
one  else  must  lose  it.  But  there  is  no 
danger  of  your  making  it.  In  all  such 
cases  you  lose  your  money,  and  the 
other  fellow  finds  it. 

Yesterday  a  “lightning  rod  man”  called 
here  and  induced  my  husband  to  sign  a 
paper  seeming  to  be  an  order  for  St.  Louis 
Lightning  Itod  Co.’s  goods  of  copperized 
lightning  conductor  to  rod  the  barn.  The 
whole  job  is  to  be  done  for  $10,  being  I  think 
about  one-tenth  the  actual  cost.  He  claimed 
he  wanted  to  do  it  as  an  advertisement. 
There  is  no  firm’s  name  on  the  order  or  any 
address ;  only  “C.  S.  Devore,  agent,” 
stamped  on  older  blank,  and  C.  J.  Bowers 
is  the  name  the  .man  signed  who  was  here. 
This  tiling  looks  very  suspicious  to  me  and 
I  write  to  know  if  you  know  anything 
about  it.  F.  c.  h. 

New  York. 

Farmers  ought  to  be  suspicious  of 
agents  who  claim  they  give  $100  worth 
of  goods  for  $10  for  advertising  or  any 
other  effect.  Agents  do  not  run 
through  the  country  showering  such 
favors  on  you.  In  this  case  the  order 
seemed  simply  to  call  for  the  goods  of 
a  responsible  house,  but  the  house 
would  have  no  responsibility.  We  are 
unable  to  give  any  definite  information, 
as  the  agent’s  address  is  not  given  in 
the  order.  If  this  order  should  later 
turn  out  to  be  a  note  for  a  good  sum, 
and  the  note  becomes  the  property  of  a 


third  party,  the  farmer  would  be  obliged 
to  pay  it.  We  hope  nothing  irregular 
may  happen  in  this  case,  but  it  has  sus¬ 
picious  features,  and  we  use  it  as  a 
word  of  warning  against  such  schemes 
generally. 

The  subscription  manager  has  just 
been  to  my  desk.  He  handles  this 
branch  of  the  mail  daily.  “We  get,”  he 
said,  “very  few  complaints  of  any  kind, 
but  once  in  a  while  we  get  a  bad  one.” 
The  bad  one  I  take  it  to  mean  occa¬ 
sions  when  a  subscriber  gets  “hot”  over 
a  real  or  imaginary  cause  of  complaint, 
and  proceeds  to  tell  us  things  about  our¬ 
selves  that  we  had  previously  supposed 
no  one  knew  but  our  wives,  and  for 
charitable  considerations  they  never 
mentioned  it — at  least  in  public.  Se¬ 
riously,  it  is  the  anxiety  of  our  lives 
to  avoid  cause  of  complaint  in  the  sub¬ 
scription  department.  The  number  of 
changes  on  the  list  will  probably  ex¬ 
ceed  250,000  annually,  and  errors  will 
sometimes  creep  in.  1  want  only  to  say 
that  it  is  more  important  to  us  to  cor¬ 
rect  these  than  it  is  to  you  to  have 
them  corrected.  Of  course,  if  it  makes 
you  feel  better  to  scold  a  bit  over  it,  we 
will  take  it  with  becoming  grace.  Tell 
us  of  the  grievance  good-naturedly  if 
you  can;  but  tell  us  anyway.  We  would 
much  rather  take  the  “bad  ones”  as  de¬ 
fined  by  the  manager  than  not  hear 
about  the  error  at  all. 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  a  weekly  peri¬ 
odical  with  a  large  circulation  among  farm¬ 
ers  and  lovers  of  nature,  is  an  uncompro¬ 
mising  foe  of  the  get-rich-quick  fraternity. 
Early  in  its  career  The  Rural  New-Yorker 
discovered  that  the  get-rich-quick  evil  was 
making  serious  inroads  among  the  farmers 
of  the  country,  and  it  began  a  crusade 
against  the  purveyors  of  worthless  securi¬ 
ties.  This  journal  is  now  mercilessly  ex¬ 
posing  the  operations  of  one  Lewis,  a  past 
master  in  the  get-ricli-quick  game.  It  has 
also  proceeded  against  dishonest  produce 
commission  merchants  who  receive  produce 
in  carload  lots  fx-om  farmers  and,  after 
selling  it,  fail  to  remit  the  proceeds  or  dis¬ 
appear.  The  fake  Florida  land  schemes 
have  also  come  in  for  the  condemnation 
and  exposure  by  this  periodical.  The 
Rural  New-Yorker  is  fearlessly  taking  up 
the  people’s  fight  against  all  sorts  of  shams 
and  dishonest  games,  and  we  wish  to  com¬ 
mend  its  fearless  attitude.  The  more  agen¬ 
cies  there  are  for  the  exposure  and  elimina¬ 
tion  of  this  get- rich-quick  curse  the  quicker 
will  the  country  be  on  the  high  road  to 
prosperity,  for  Postmaster  General  Hitch¬ 
cock  did  not  overstate  the  truth  when  he 
said  that  the  get-rich-quick  game  had  as¬ 
sumed  such  serious  proportions  as  to 
threaten  the  country's  prosperity. — Finan¬ 
cial  World. 

The  Financial  World  has  a  way  of  its 
own  for  the  treatment  of  these  financial 
schemers.  It  usually  scents  the  fake  in 
its  conception,  and  often  throws  its 
searchlight  right  into  the  center  of  the 
frenzied  financial  camp.  There  are  so 
few  papers  of  any  kind  doing  it,  those 
actually  in  the  work  may  pat  each  other 
a  bit  on  the  back  without  danger  of  se¬ 
rious  encroachment  of  space. 

For  three  years  and  over  I  have  rented 
house  and  lot  in  this  village  from  one  Keith. 
I  paid  $15  per  month  in  advance.  Last  year 
I  set  out  a  little  over  1,400  strawberry 
plants  on  this  lot.  I  notified  owner  that 
1  would  vacate  the  place  next  September. 
The  owner  has  served  notice  on  me  to  vacate 
by  the  first  of  May,  and  forbidden  me  to 
take  up  any  of  the  strawberry  plants.  Can 
I  take  them  up  or  can  I  collect  anything 
for  them  or  the  crop?  They  would  be  worth 
considerable  to  me,  as  I  have  land  of  my 
own  that  I  could  set  them  on.  w.  r. 

New  York. 

When  we  received  the  above  we  ad¬ 
vised  that  he  could  safely  remove  the 
plants  before  the  termination  of  his 
lease.  He  reported  that  he  proceeded 
to  do  so,  and  was  arrested,  but  the 
criminal  action  was  withdrawn  and  a 
civil  .suit  threatened.  While  we  may 
not  have  had  all  the  details,  from  the 
record  as  reported  to  us,  the  landlord 
is  subject  to  prosecution  for  false  ar¬ 
rest,  and  we  advised  the  subscriber  in 
case  of  further  annoyance  to  bring  such 
an  action.  The  decisions  of  the  higher 
courts  fully  justify  our  advice.  He 
caused  no  waste.  He  was  leaving  the 
land  as  good  as  lie  found  it.  He  had 
a  perfect  right  to  do  what  he  pleased 
with  the  plants  before  his  lease  ex¬ 
pired.  He  might  have  removed  them  or 
destroyed  them.  If  he  had  left  the 
premises,  and  returned  after  May  first 
to  recover  them,  there  would  be  a 
question.  But  no  one  would  seriously 
deny  that  he  might  have  plowed  them 
up  last  Fall  and  sowed  rye  in  their 
stead.  The  decisions  of  the  higher 
courts  fully  sustain  the  tenant  in  this 
case,  and  we  now  understand  that  the 
owner  has  dropped  the  case.  We  ad¬ 
vise  our  people  to  keep  out  of  lawsuits 
when  they  can ;  but  there  are  times 
when  one  must  fight  for  his  rights,  es¬ 
pecially  when  attacked.  The  owner 
laid  himself  liable  for  false  arrest ;  but 
since  he  wants  to  quit,  we  advise  the 
subscriber  to  drop  it  also,  but  we  do 
not  propose  to  let  our  people  suffer  for 
want  of  knowing  their  rights,  j.  j.  d. 


Saved  over  $100  a  month! 

Mr.  Bert  Brown  of  Wasco,  El.  saved  over 
$100.00  a  month  and  turned  a  losing  proposi- 
tion  into  a  winning  one  by  usingan Appleton 
Self  F eed  Silo  Filler,  and  feeding  his  cattle 
silage.  Experience  has  proven  that  silage  is 
a  cheap  and  very  valuable  feed.  It  stimu¬ 
lates  the  appetite  and  aids  digestion. 
Healthy  animals  mean  greater  profit.  Pro¬ 
gressive  farmers  everywhere  are  now  placing 
their  orders  for 


APPLETON  fSA  SILO  FILLER 

—made  in  three  sizes:  for  custom  work— 26-A,  neighborhood 
work  18- A,  individual  work  15-A.  Has  a  solid  oak  frame; 
positive  feed;  traveling  self-feed  apron;  big  throat  capacity, 
four  spiral  tool  steel  knives;  special  springs  to  prevent 
binding  and  clogging;  one  lever  starts  and  stops  both 
feed  rollers  and  apron;  flexible  swivel  top  distri¬ 
butor,  handy  side  table,  detachable  foot  board, 
safety  device  to  prevent  breakage.  Changed 
from  “ready  for  the  road”  to  “ready  for  busi¬ 
ness”  in  few  minutes.  Write  today  for  free 
illustrated  catalog. 

APPLETON  MFG.  CO. 

427  Fargo  St., 

Batavia,  Ill. 


Continuous-Opening,  Braced 
Door  -  Frame,  Permanent 
Ladder,  Interchangeable 
Doors,  Lightest  and 
Tightest  Doors. 
Strongest  Hoops, 
Best  Materials, 
Three  Styles,  Five 
kinds  of  Lum¬ 
ber,  a  hundred 
other  advan¬ 
tages.  All 
described 
in  our 
Cata¬ 
log. 


Our 
Silo 
Catalog 
contains 
the  latest 
Information 
about  Silos. 

We  invented 
the  Modern  Silo 
and  have  led  the 
way  in  improve¬ 
ments.  We  offerthe 
largest  variety  of 
styles  and  sizes.  Send 
for  our  catalog  of  Silos 
and  Silo  Fillers.  “The 
kind  Uncle  Sam  uses.” 

Harder  Mfg.  Company 

BOX  II  COBLESKILL,  N.  Y. 


ft 


FillYourSiloFirstl 

Pay  Afterwards 

I  We  want  to  prove  to  yon  that  our  machines 
are  a  good  Investment  before  yon  give  up 
I  your  money.  We  know  they  are  so  good  that 
[we  do  not  feel  it  a  risk  to  ■■ 

make  this  offer.  Just  tell*®  In  our 
ns  your  needs.  SX  61st 

Year 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOR 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 
GUARANTEED  MONEY-SAVING 


US  INTERNATIONAL 

5S9-  ol  IvUo 


strongest  built,  simplest  to  put  up  and  easiest  operated 
on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take-up  hoop- 
continuous  open-door  front — air-tight  door  and  per* 
manent  ladder  are  some  the  unusual  features.  The 

Interaationa!  Silo  Cn.,  113  Main  St..  LinesriUe-  E*> 


ha»61  years’oxperience  behind  it — more  experience 
than  any  other  machinery  of  its  kind  made.  It  has 
thousands  of  enthusiastic  owners  in  every  dairy  and 
intensivo  farming  district  in  the  U.  S.  It  is  not  only 

FULLY  GUARANTEED 

to  be  free  from  defests  at  all  times  but  also  to  be 
the  strongest,  most  durable  and  modern  of  any- 
manufactured.  Our  offer  will  help  you  to  deter¬ 
mine  this  before  you  buy.  Ask  an  expert's  advice  if 
you  care  to. 

Our  large  free  eatalog  shows  our  complete  line. 
Write  for  it. 

E.  W.  ROSS  CO. Box  IS  Springfield,  Ohio 

We  also  manufacture  the  Ross  Silo 

A  complete  stock  of  machines  and  repairs  carried 
with  The  Fairbanks  Co.,  Syracuse.  N.Y.,  Mallalieu 
&  Conrey,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Brinton  &  Worth, 
Westchester  Pa..Fred  B. Fuller, Gouverneur,N.Y. 


O  EZ  Reasons 
CO  Wiry 


Utiadilla  Silos  are  far  better  than  others  will 
be  mailed  you  promptly  on  receipt  of  your 
name  and  address.  UN  A  DILL  A  SILOS  have 
unobstructed,  continuous  Door  Fronts 
which  allow  you  to  shove  ensilage  out  in¬ 
stead  of  pitching  It  up  3  to  6  ft.  over  cross¬ 
bars.  It  costs  you  15  cents  a  ton  less  to  shove 
ensilage  out  of  the  UN  ADI  LL  A  SILO  than  it 
does  to  pitch  It  out  of  an  ordinary  silo.  Ad¬ 
justable  door  frame  to  ami  from  doors,  mal¬ 
leable  iron  lugs  cold  rolled  o^er  threads  on  — 

end  of  steel  hoops  ^  stronger  than  on  ordinary  hoops. 
Extra  discount  for  early  orders,  Agents  wanted. 
UNADILLA  SILO  CO,.  Box  K,  tTmdllln,  N.  Y, 


GREEN  MOUNTAIN  SILOS 

Write  TODAY  for  Booklet  to 
CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MANUFACTURING  CO 
338  West  St.,  Rutland,  Vt. 


KENDALL'S  SPAVIN  CURE 


The  world-wide  remedy. 
Once  used,  always  used. 
Cures  Spavin,  Splint,  King- 
bone.  Curb,  Swellings,  Lame* 
ness. 

$1  a  Bottle:  6  for  $5 

All  druggists.  Get  free  book, 
“Treatise  on  the  Horse.” 

DR.  B.  J.  KENDALL  CO. 
Enosburg  Falls.  Vermont 


CLIMAX 


ENSILAGE 

CUTTERS 


“The  Complete  Machine."  Don’t  buy  an 
ensilage  cutter  until  you  have  read  our  catalog. 

WARSAW-WILKINSON  CO.,  50  Highland  Ave.,  Warsaw,  N.  Y. 


THE  BOSS  CREAM  RAISER 

will  raise  the  cream 
between  milkings  and 
give  you  sweet  skim 
milk  for  house  and 
stock.  Ice  not  necessa¬ 
ry , cold  well  orsprlng 
water  will  do  the 
work.  No  skimming, 
no  crocks  and  pans  to 
handle.  TEN  DAYS 
FREE  TRIAL.  Price 
$3.25  and  up.  50.000 
Send  for  Free  Catalog. 

.  BOX  M.  BLUFFTON,  0. 


of  these  machines  in  use  today. 

BLUFFTON  CREAM  SEPARATOR  CO 


WhichOneWiiiYou 
Test  on  Your  Form 
for  Ninety  Days? 

Freight  Prepaid 

Which  will  yon  try,  30  Days’  Free  or  90  Days’  Ap¬ 
proval  Test? 

— Any  capacity  from  200  to  950  pounds  per  hour, 
according  to  your  needs,  and  I’ll  save  you  from  $25.00 
to  $50.00  on  the  price. 

— The  only  Separator  whose  gearing  runs  in  a  “Bath 
of  Oil”  like  a  $5. 000  automobile — Feature  worth  S50.00 

— Automatically  oils  itself — Pour  oil  at  the  top,  once  a  month 
from  your  oil  jug  or  can — No  danger  of  running  dry.  or  ruininb 
it  like  others— No  oil  cups  to  remember  to  fill  or  turn  up  twice  a  day. 

— Dust-proof  —  Danger-proof — All  gears  enclosed — simple  but 
standard  built  and  absolutely  dependable. 

GALLOWAY'S 


HIGH  GRADE  STANDARD  CREAM 

— Has  the  only  revolving  supply  tank — worth  $15.00  alone. 

— Easiest  to  clean  and  the  few  parts  come  out  easy  and 
can’t  get  back  out  of  place. 

—Easiest  to  run — high  crank — low  tank.  With  no  high 
lifting  and  nc  “back-breaking"  cranking. 

— Gets  the  finest  quality  cream  and  all  of  it — no  lumps 
or  churning,  as  Nature’s  true  principle  is  followed  without 
forcing  either  the  milk  or  cream  the  wrong  way  up  or  down. 

— Skims  closest  in  any  climate  or  season,  no  matter 
whether  your  milk  is  warm  or  cold. 

— Is  as  handsome  a  machine,  compact  and  substantial, 
as  you  ever  saw  or  could  find.  Beautiful  finish. 


" Bath  In  OIF* 


SEPARA TORS 


— Let  me  send  you  my  Big  New  Sep¬ 
arator  Book — post  paid— Free,  so  you  and  your  wife  and 
the  boys  and  girls  can  talk  it  over  and  then  try  one  of 
my  separators  under  my  easy  plan  for  you  to  do  it. 

You’ll  call  it  the  best  if  you  test  it  alongside  any  of  the 
highest  priced  $85.00  and  $110.00  separators  sold  by 
anybody  today— makers— catalog  houses— dealers — jobbers 
or  anybody  else.  Write  me  today. 

Wm.  Galloway,  Pres. 

WAV.  GALLO  WA  Y  COMPANY 
BBS  Galloway  Sta.,  Waterloo,  la. 


3911. 


THE  RURAb  NKW-YORKKW 


©T9 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  Jnn«  10,  1911. 


FARM  TOPICS. 

How  to  Handle  Lot  Manure . 661,  662 

The  Student  Labor  Problem.  Part  III.. 662 

I  mproving  Potatoes . 663 

Efforts  of  Lime . 664 

Another  Side  of  the  Sand  Hills . 664 

Rape  Did  Well . - . 664 

Rat-Proof  Corncrib  Door . 665 

\TTse  of  Side-Delivery  Rake . 666 

Buckwheat  as  Green  Manure . 666 

The  N.  Y.  Central  Experimental  Farms. 667 

Planting  Potatoes  Eyes  Down . 667 

An  Improvised  Windmill . 667 

Hope  Farm  Notes . 668 

Pine  Trees  on  a  Lawn...... . ..669 

Flowers  Absorbing  Colors . 669 

Camphor  In  Florida . 669 

Overloaded  Apple  Trees . 669 

Diary  of  Farm  Work . 671 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

Holsteins  as  Butter  Cows . . . 674 

What  is  Milk  Worth? . 674 

Milk  . 675 

Reduced  Milk  Flow . ....675 

Testing  Butter  for  Moisture . 675 

Give  Little  Chicks  the  Ground . 676 

That  White-Egged  American . 676 

Snake  After  the  Mice . 676 

Lice  and  Mites  . 676 

Selling  Silage  . 677 

How  to  Hobble  Cow . .....677 

Indictment  of  Milk  Trust . 677 

HORTICULTURE. 

Development  of  Apple  Growing . 661 

Spraying  by  Gravity . 661 

New  Berry  Culture.  Part  III . 662 

The  Eucalyptus  Tree  in  California . 663 

Soil  for  Roses;  Layering . 664 

Failure  with  Blackberries . 664 

Dishorning  Peach  Trees;  Black  Cherries. 665 

Persian  Walnut  in  Illinois . G65 

Apple  Trees  Drop  Fruit . 665 

Covering  Trunks  of  Trees . 665 

A  Shower  After  Spraying . 667 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day . 672 

Inexpensive  Floor  Coverings . 072 

The  Rural  Patterns . . 672 

My  Unsightly  Garden  . 672 

The  Best  From  Southern  Tables.  .672,  673 

Charity  Sweetheart’s  Letter . 673 

Strawberry  Whip  . 673 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

A  Florida  Land  Company  "Comes 

Back”  . 602 

Investments  in  Mining  Stock . 664 

A  Parcels  Post  Notice . 664 

Is  Wife-Beating  Legal? . ....666 

Breeding  Habits  of  Opossum . 606 

Products,  Prices  and  Trade . 666 

Need  of  a  Parcels  Post . 666 

Editorials  . 670 

Other  People’s  Money . 671 

Events  of  the  Week . 671 

Publisher’s  Desk  . 678 

Humorous  . 680 


MARKETS 

Wholesale  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  June  2,  1911. 


BUTTER 

The  price  has  both  advanced  and  declined 
two  cents  during  the  week.  At  this  writ¬ 
ing  the  market  is  dull  all  around. 


Creamery,  fancy,  lb . .22  ©  .23 

Good  to  Choice . 19  @  .21 

Lower  Grades  . .15  @  .18 

State  Dairy,  best . 21  @  .22 

Common  to  Good . 14  ©  .18 

Factory . 14  @  .16 

Packing  Stock . 12  @  .15 


Elgin  111.  butter  market  firm  at  23  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  24  cents. 
Philadelphia ,  western  creamery,  23  cents. 
CHEESE 

There  is  some  accumulation  of  soft- 
bodied  stock.  The  better  grades  of  whole 
milk  firm  cheese  are  held  with  confidence. 


Foil  Cream,  best,  Fall  made . 12  @  .13 

Common  to  Good . 10  @  .11 

New  Made . 09  &  .10J£ 

Skims . 02  @  .08 


EGG8 

Market  very  weak,  with  a  large  surplus 
of  heat  damaged  and  otherwise  low-grade 
eggs. 


White,  good  to  choice . 18  @  .21 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 17  @  .19 

Common  to  Good . 15  @  .17 

Western,  best . .17  ©  .19 

Under  grades . 12  @  .15 

BEAN8 

Trade  is  very  dull,  and  market  unsettled. 
Outside  quotations  seldom  secured. 

Marrow,  100  lbs .  3.25  ©  3  85 

Medium . . 3.00  ©  3.70 

Pea .  3.00  ©  3.70 

Yellow  Eye . 3.50  ©  3.60 

Red  Kidney . 6AK»  ©  6.70 

WhiteKidney .  51)0  ©  5.10 

Lima,  California . 6.70  ©  0.85 

HOPS 


Market  quiet,  as  there  is  but  little  spot 
stock  to  move  and  speculators  are  waiting 
crop  development  In  the  Otsego  county, 
N.  Y.,  section  the  crop  outlook  is  favorable. 


Prime  to  Choice . 30  @  .31 

Common  to  Good . 28  ©  .29 

Pacific  Coast . 23  @  .24 

German  Crop,  1910 .  50  ©  .54 

CIDER  VINEGAR 

N.  Y.  prices  for  single  barrel  lots. 

Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 22  ©  .24 

Standard  Grade . 13  @  .15 

DRIED  FRUITS 

Very  little  doing  in  either  spot  goods  or 
futures. 

Apples,  evap.  prime . 13  @  14 

Kvap.,  com.  to  good . .  .06  ©  .12 

Cores  and  Skins . 07  ©  .07 $4 

Raspberries . 28  @  .31 

Cherries . . . 14  ©  .17 

FRESH  FRUITS 

Apples  are  being  cleared  out  rapidly,  as 
peaches  will  soon  be  plentiful.  Strawberry 


market  weak,  because  the  fruit  is  small  and 
often  in  bad  condition.  Peaches  of  Greens¬ 
boro  and  Alexander  varieties  arriving  from 
Georgia,  bringing  high  prices  when  choice. 


Apples,  Russet,  bbl . 3.00  @  4.75 

Baldwin .  4.00  ©  5.50 

Ben  Davis . 3.50  ©  5.00 

Spy . 4.00  ©  6.00 

Western — 

Newtown,  box .  1.75  ©  2.75 

Rome,  box . 2.00  ©  2  75 

Black  Ben,  box .  2  00  ©  2.40 

Gano,  box  .  1.75  ©  2.25 


Strawberries,  Virginia,  qt . 05  ©  .14 

Del.  and  Md.,  qt .  4)6  ©  .12 

Eastern  Shore........ . .  ....  .06  @  .16 

Jersey,  qt.. . . . .Of.  w  .13 

Peaches,  Ga.,  carrier.... . . 1.75  @  2.50 

Muskmelans.  Fla.,  crate . 2.00  ©  AiU 

Watermelons.  Fla.,  each. . .15  ©  .40 

Plum*.  Ga...  carrier.. . . 2.00  ©  2.75 

Huckleberries,  N.  C.,  qt . 14  @  .18 


VEGETABLES 

Choice  new  potatoes  are  rather  scarce 
and  market  firm.  Some  stock  arriving 
spoiled  and  seized  by  health  authorities.  Old 
potatoes  very  low.  Onions  plenty  but  held 
high  when  choice.  Arrivals  of  asparagus 
very  heavy  and  market  much  lower.  Peas 
largely  poor  and  selling  at  any  price  to 
make  a  clearance. 


Potatoes— N.  Y.  State.  ISO  lbs . 1.25  ©  1.56 

Maine .  1.40  S  160 

Sontbem,  new.  No.  1.  bbl . 3.00  ©  5.00 

Southern,  new.  No.  2,  bbl. . 2.00  ©  3.00 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bkt .  1.00  @  2  00 

Asparagus,  Jersey,  green,  f'ey .  l.tIO  ®  1.75 

Jersey,  white,  f'ey. . 75  @1.25 

Long  Island,  white,  prime.. .  .75  ©  1 .00 

Penn.,  green,  choice . 1.00  @  1.75 

Culls . 40  @  .75 

Beets,  new,  MX)  bunches . 1.00  ©  4.06 

Carrots,  bbi . 2.00  ©  2.25 

Southern,  new.  100  bunches .  1.00  ©  2.00 

Cabbage— New.  Southern,  bbl .  1.58  ©  2.25 

Cauliflower.  Ta.,  bkt . . . 30  ©  -50 

Sweet  Corn,  Southern,  100 . LUO  @  3.50 

Cucumbers.  Fla.  bu . 1.50  @  2.00 

Lettuce,  h>-bbl.  bkt . 50  @  .75 

Peppers,  Southern,  bu . 1.00  ©  125 

Horseradish,  100  lbs .  4.C0  ©  6.00 

Okra.  Fla.  Carrier  .  1.00  ©  2.30 

Onions,  Texas,  new,  crate. . 75  ©  2.25 

Bermuda,  crate .  1.85  ©  1.90 

Peas.  Md.  and  Va.,  bu . ...  A0  ©  2.00 

Jersey,  bu . 1.00  ©  2.25 

Bn  dishes.  100  bunches .  -35  ©  .75 

Rhubarb,  100  bunches .  A0  ©  lfiO 

String  Beans,  bn .  A0  @2.25 

Spinacb,  bbl . 25  ©  .75 

Squash,  bbl . 1.50  ©  3.00 

New.  bu . .25  ®  .75 

Turnips,  Rutabaga,  bbl .  2.00  @  2.25 

White,  bbl .  1.00  ©  2.00 

Leeks.  100  bunches .  1.00  ©  2.00 

Egg  Plants.  Fla.,  box .  1.00  @  1.60 

Tomatoes.  Fla.  crate . 1.50  ©  2.50 

Hothouse,  lb . 10  ©  .15 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Receipts  large,  but  demand  good  and 

prices  generally  higher. 

Chickens,  Broilers,  lb . 30  ©  .32 

Fowls . 14  ©  .15 

Roosters .  4)8  ©  .09 

Ducks . ...  .11  @  .12 

Geese . 08  ffi  .09 

Turkeys . 12  ®  .14 

DRESSED  POULTRY— Fresh  Killed 

Market  dull,  especially  in  fowls  and 
roosters. 

Turkeys,  best .  . . 15  @  16 

Common  toGood . .13  ®  .14 

Chickens,  fancy  broilers,  lb .  35  ©  .40 

Broilers,  common  to  good .  25  ©  .30 

Fowls .  13  ®  .14 

Squabs,  doz . 1.75  ©  3.75 

DRESSED  POULTRY-FROZEN 

Turkeys,  best .  .22  @  .23 

ChickeDs.  milk-fed  broilers  .  .22  ©  .25 

Corn -fed  broilers.. . 18  &  22 

Milk-fed  roasters .  .17  ©  .18 % 

Corn-fed  roasters . 15  ©  .16J4 

Fowls . 12  ®  .15 

Ducks,  best . 14  ©  .15 

Common  to  good . 12  ©  .13 

Geese .  .07  ©  .11 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Hay,  No.  1,  ton . 29.00  ©  30.00 

No.  2 . 24.00  ©  27.00 

No.  3 . 21.00  ©  23.00 

Clover  Mixed . 18.00  ©  24  00 

Clover . 16.00  @  19.00 

Straw,  Rye . .....134)0  ®  14.00 

Oat  and  Wheat.... . 84X)  ©  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 4.75  @  6.45 

Bulls . 3.75  ©  5.00 

Cows .  2.00  @  4.60 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 7.00  ©  8.50 

Culls  . 5.00  @  6.00 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 3.50  ©  4.75 

Lambs . 8.20  @  8.60 

Hogs . 6.00  @  6.50 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring . 1.06  ©  ... 

No.  2,  Red . 98  ©  ... 

No.  1  Macaroni . 97  @  ... 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 53  ®  .59 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  hush . 35  @  ,42 

MILL  FEED 

Spring  Bran, ton .  24.00  ©  24.35 

Standard  Middlings.... .  25.00  ©  25.60 

Red  Dog .  28.00  @  28.60 

Hominy  Chop .  22.50  ©  23.70 

Linseed  Meal .  33.00  @  34.00 

Corn  Meal .  23.00  ©  24.00 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  15.85 

Middling  Gulf .  J6.10 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  14.95 

Good  Middling .  15.85 

WOOL 

NewYork Fleeces, Delaine, unwashed..  .22  ®  .23 

Ohio  half  biood  combing .  J2 4  @  .25 

Kentucky,  three-fourths  blood . 23  ©  .23)6 

Michigan,  half  blood .  3Z  ©  .24 

TOBACCO. 

Conn.  broadieaf-Uller .  .08  ©  .10 

Fine  wrappers . 60  @  .75 

N.  Y. State  Fillers . 05  @  .06 

Fine  and  Selections . 12  ©  .16 

Ohio.  Zimmer's  Spanish . 19  @  .20 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 07  ©  .09)6 

Dark  Leaf . 10  ®  .20 

Bright  Cutters . 12  @  .30 

Penn,  broad  leaf  fillers . 10  ®  .12 


Leaking  Milk. 

Will  yon  tell  us  how  to  keep  a  cow  from 
losing  her  milk?  I  have  one  that  leaks 
milk  verybadly.  3.  a.  b. 

Virginia. 

Paint  the  ends  of  the  leaking  teats  with 
flexible  collodion,  coat  after  coat,  just  after 
milking. 

“Sleepy”  Horse, 

I  have  a  horse  six  years  old,  and  at  times 
I  think  he  falls  asleep  standing  up  in  the 
stall,  as  he  will  fall  back  on  the  halter 
and  then  wake  up.  He  seems  to  be  well  and 
drives  well  when  taken  out,  which  is  about 
three  or  four  times  a  week.  I  feed  six 
quarts  whole  oats  and  about  15  pounds  of 
hay  a  day.  He  lies  down  and  rolls  at  nigfet 
when  bed  is  made,  but  have  never  seen  him 
quite  lying  down.  What  is  the  cause  of 
this  sleepiness  and  is  there  a  cure  for  same? 

New  York.  c.  G. 

Better  give  the  horse  a  box  stall  and  bed 
with  plenty  of  mill  shavings.  Possibly  if 
you  work  or  abundantly  exercise  the  horse 
every  day  he  will  be  less  restless.  No 
definite  explanation  of  the  horse’s  peculiari¬ 
ties  of  behavior  is  possible.  a.  s.  a. 


Slobbering  Cow. 

I  have  a  good  Jersey  cow  that  seems  vig¬ 
orous,  strong  and  healthy,  but  does  not  chew 
her  cud  and  slobbers  at  the  mouth.  What 
ails  her  and  what  remedy  can  be  given? 

Ohio.  e.  i. 

Examine  the  mouth  to  discover  the  cause 
of  the  symptoms  described.  There  may  be 
a  diseased  or  split  molar  tooth  to  come 
away,  or  sharp  points  which  should  he  re¬ 
moved  by  filing.  It  is  most  likely,  however, 
that  she  has  actinomycosis  of  the  tongue 
(wooden  tongue).  lu  that  case  you  will 
find  the  tongue  enlarged,  hard  and  ‘partially 
stripped  or  showing  some  ulcerating  sores. 
This  disease,  which  is  due  to  the  “ray 
fungus  ’  (aetinoniycos)  which  also  causes 
"lumpy  jaw"  is  curable  by  painting  the  sore 
with  tincture  of  iodine  once  daily  an4  giv¬ 
ing  a  dram  of  iodide  of  potash  in  w  *-wo 
or  three  times  a  day  for  two  or  t*”  'ks. 


Stall  Ricking. 

I  have  a  grey  mare  that  has  the  habit  of 
kicking  the  stall  to  pieces.  She  is  not 
vicious  nor  does  she  attempt  to  kick  me  or 
the  other  horses.  Just  above  the  hock  she 
has  taken  the  hide  right  off.  Her  feed  is 
two  quarts  of  oats  at  a’ feed,  and  about  10 
pounds  of  Timothy  hay;  she  has  had  oat 
straw  at  noon,  but  I  have  stopped  that. 
Will  she  be  likely  to  become  lame  from 
this?  Do  you  think  it  is  lack  of  exercise 
or  the  feeding  that  is  off?  g.  b.  s. 

New  York. 

Confinement  and  overfeeding  tend  to  in¬ 
duce  stable  vices.  Make  her  work  or  ex¬ 
ercise  every  day.  If  possible  allow  her  a 
box  stall.  Fasten  a  10-inch  length  of  chain 
to  a  strap  and  buckle  latter  around  posi¬ 
tion  of  foot  with  which  she  kicks.  This 
should  stop  the  habit.  Wet  the  wound 
two  or  three  times  a  day  with  a  lotion  com¬ 
posed  of  one  ounce  of  sugar  of  lead  aud  six 
drams  of  sulphate  of  zinc  in  a  pint  of 
water-  -Shake  well  before  use.  Label 
poison.  The  wound  will  not  be  likely  to 
cause  lameness.  a.  s.  a. 

Snuffles  in  Hogs. 

What  is  the  matter  with  my  hogs?  They 
first  have  a  snuffling  in  the  head  like  a 
person  with  a  cold,  their  eyes  water,  and 
a  stiffness  of  the,  joints,  but  continue  to 
have  a  good  appetite.  After  a  little  while 
they  will  fall  off  their  feet  and  have  a 
thick  discharge  from  the  nose,  and  they 
seem  to  smother  or  choke ;  their  legs  seem 
rheumatic  or  almost  paralyzed.  They  have 
a  good  warm  house  and  small  run;  hare 
been  fed  middlings  and  other  slop,  but  no 
corn.  The  pigs  are  about  eight  months  old. 

Apparently  this  is  the  incurable,  con¬ 
tagious  disease'  known  as  “snuffles”  (snuf- 
felkrankheit)  or  "bullnose,”  and  is  usually 
is  associated  with  rickets  affecting  the 
legs.  We  cannot  say  positively  that  the 
disease  is  present,  for  an  expert  examina¬ 
tion  would  be  necessary  to  such  a  determ- 
mination  ;  but  if  it  is  present  the  affected 
animals  should  be  destroyed  and  burned 
and  the  premises  cleaned,  disinfected  and 
whitewashed.  Afterward  new  breeding 
stock  should  be  bought  and  kept  as  robust 
as  possible  by  outdoor  life  and  mixed  ra¬ 
tions.  It  would  be  well  to  have  a  graduate 
veterinarian  make  the  necessary  examina¬ 
tion.  A.  S.  A. 


“Champion”  Cooler 

p  Mf-vf ;  4C  But  say— are  you  getting  them.  The  , 

■  I  Vll  19  big  milk  and  butter  prices  that  ^ 

,  _  thousands  are  getting  who  are 

using  the  Champion  Milk  Cooler?  It  not,  tell 
us  you  want  to  try  a  "Champion"  free  for  M 
days.  You  hurry  and  buy  when  you  hear 
tow  price.  Postcard  brings  free  booklet* 
that  explain  everything,  and  please 
■end  that  postcard  NOW. 

Champion  Milk'Cooler  Co. 

11th  Sr.,  Cwtumi,  New  To** 

VETERINARY  INSTRUMENTS 

(Trocars,  Hopples,  I nip  regnat  ore),  fox 
Horses,  Cattle,  Swine,  Poultry,  Etc, 
Received  only  award  World’s  Fairs 
Chicago,  St.  Louis.  Write  for  Illus¬ 
trated  Catalogue. 

HAUSSMANN  &  DUNN  CO., 

708  So.  Clark  Street,  Chicago,  Illinois 

BABY  CHICKS,  81c.  ?*£,  SSifl: 

C.  White  Leghorns  in  any  quantity.  Safe  arrival 

guaranteed,  Circulars  free.  CHflS.  R.  STONE,  Baby 
Iticken  Farm,  Staatsburg-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 

S.  C.  BROWN  LEGHORN  HENS,  TF-,  F--L 

RAISED  LAST  YEAR,  AT  f  Q  CaCfl 
Stripped  only  in  orders  of  a  dozen  or  more.  Fine  vigorous 
birds.  Cedar  Grave  Poultry  Farm,  Robinson,  A.  A.  Co.,  Md. 

WANTFn~MflN  W,TH  thorough  knowledge  of 

YY  AiYILLf  s|,EEp  Ara  H0G  HUSBANDRY,  who  can 

take  full  charge  of  proposition  covering  the  feeding, 
handling,  and  marketing  of  same.  State  experience 
and  references.  Address  Sheep  Farm,  care  of  The  R.N.-Y. 

pi. EASE  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Coni- 
1  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter, 
Eggs,  Poultry,  Pork,  Calves,  Hay.  Grain.  Beans, 

AppieS.  etC.  E.  K.  VUIOll  WARD,  #02  Greenwieli  st.,  N.Y, 

JELL1FFE,  WRIGHT  &  COMPANY, 

Commission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York, 
Poultry,  Eggs,  Meats,  Produce.  Shipments  Solicited. 


200 


JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  TORN 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY. 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 


GEO.  P.  HAMMOND.  EST.  1875.  FRANK  W.  GODWIN 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  GO., 

Commission  Merchants  and  Dealers  in  all  kinds  of 
COUNTRY  PKOUIOE,  Apples,  Peaches,  iier 
ries  Butter,  Eggs,  Cheese,  Poultry.  Mushrooms 
aud  Hot  house  Products  a  Specialty.  Consignments 
solicited.  34  4o  36  Little  l&tli  8t„  New  York* 


STRAWBERRIES. 

Huekleberries,  Fancy  Eggs,  Hothouse  Products, 
Fruits,  Vegetables.  Top  prices  secured  for  choice 
goods.  Correspondence  solicited. 

Archdeacon&Co.,  100  Murray  St.,  N.Y. 


Boston  Produce  Go. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  SI,,  -  Boston. 
SHIP  YOUR  CONSIGNMENTS 

- TO - 

GEO#  OLIVER  &  COMPANY 

Established  1850 


w  X3.JDXM  yuu  wulu  auverusers  mention  THE 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  aud  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

VIRGINIA  DAIRY  FARM  FOR  SALE. 

142-acre  dairy  farm,  only  ]s  of  a  mile  from  railroad 
station  and  55  miles  from  Washington,  D.  C.  Land 
gently  rolling;  soil  excellent;  clay  sub-soil;  water 
in  every  field.  Orchard  of  125  trees,  in  full  hearing. 
Nearly  new  house  of  9  rooms.  Stable  for  5  horses, 
15  cows;  cement  dairy;  separator  room,  etc.  For 
full  desc  ription  of  this  and  other  good  farms,  write  to 
HARRY  M.  HUBBELL.  Warrenton,  Faultier  Co..  Virginia. 


COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 
WEST  WASHINGTON  MARKET,  NEW  YORK, 

PROMPT  RETURNS 


N.  Y. 


150  Farms 

and  map  free. 


FOR  SALE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
Horace  G  Reeder,  Newtown,  P*. 


Qtnrk  Farm?  is  b0St  Parts  Of  New  York  State. 
OlUbn  I  ullllo  \ye  kavo  them.  All  sizes  and  all 
prices.  Send  for  free  catalogue. 

NORTHERN  REALTY  CO..  SvKACTJSE,  N,  Y. 

FAR  Q  A|  C — If  you  want  the  best  farms  for  the 
l  Ull  unLL  money  send  for  our  large  free  catalog. 
HALL’S  FARM  AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.,Y.  N. 


Sharpies  Mechanical  Milker  Guaranteed 

A  personal  letter  to  an  old  business  friend,  by  P.  M.  Sharpies, 
will  be  interesting  to  hosts  of  dairymen  zvho  have  been  doing 
business  with  him  for  many  years,  so  we  print  it  below. 

Hear  Jared  :  May  25th,  1911 

Regarding  the  matter  of  the  Sharpies  Milker,  I  have  iust  this  to  say. 

It  is  true,  as  you  state,  that  for  many  years  attempts  have  heen  made  to  put  milkers  on  the  market, 
and  that  none  or  them  proved  successful.  It  is  just  as  tme  that  for  generations  a  flying  machine  was 
always  a  failure,  but  now  people  do  fly,  and  very  successfully. 

We  can  all  appreciate  the  state  of  miud  of  the  hack  woodsman,  who  during  his  first  visit  to  a  men* 
agerie  saw  a  giraffe  and  after  a  few  moments  wondering  gaze  announced  in  disgust,  “there  ain’t  no 
8Ucinalllou'  Notwithstanding  he  was  looking  light  at  it,  he  could  not  believe  it. 

,  e  Sharpies  Mechanical  Milker  is  now  at  work  in  many  large  and  representative  dairies.  Not  a 
single  dairyman  who  has  bought  and  installed  one  has  ever  discontinued  its  use.  Not  a  single  one  of 
these  dairymen  hut  is  enthusiastic  in  praise  or  its  work. 

It  is  easy  for  almost  any  contraption  to  get  an  endorsement  from  some  over-enthusiastic  and  inexper- 
lencea  user,  but  to  get  an  unqualified  endorsement  from  every  single  owner  of  a  machine,  is  an  impossi¬ 
bility,  unless  the  machine  m  every  particular  more  than  fulfills  its  mission. 

Aud  these  users  are  men  of  great  experience  and  discernment.  Take  people  like  Sears  &  Howell,  of 
Blooming  Grove,  N,  Y.  They  are  hard-headed  men  of  success.  They  have  tested  out  and  promptly 
discarded  the  best  of  all  other  milkers  which  have  been  presented.  A  milker  has  to  be  perfect  to  suit 
tnem  and  the  Sharpies  Mechanical  Milker  does  suit  them  most  thoroughly  and  is  the  only  one  that  ever 
has  done  so.  J 

r  Henry  Fielden,  of  Groton,  Conn.  He  has  many  cows  in  his  herd,  costing  into  the  thousands 

of  dollars  each  and  every  cow  in  his  herd  is  an  animal  of  note  and  high  value.  His  dairy  of  eighty  cows 
contains  the  finest  Ayrshire  cow  imported  during  the  year  1910.  He  went  into  the  Milker  problem  most 
thoroughly,  he  had  to  do  so,  for  he  could  take  no  risks  with  a  herd  like  that,  ne  is  to-day  a  most 
thoroughly  satisfied  user  of  the  Sharpies  Milker.  ^ 

Many  other  no  less  prominent  users  fully  endorse  the  work  of  these  Milkers,  and  as  stated,  not  a 
single  buyer  has  ever  quit  the  use  of  one. 

Great  savings  in  wages,  in  quality  of  milk,  and  in  other  particulars;  savings  running  into  thousands 
of  dollars,  in  large  dairies,  are  being  made  with  these  machines.  The  users  of  them  are  glad  to  show 
and  explain  their  work  and  the  money  and  time  expended  by  any  dairyman  in  going  to  see  one  or  more 
ot  these  plants  m  operation  would  be  a  most  profitable  investment. 

k°w  it  was  many  years  ago  when  I  sold  you  the  first  cream  separator.  Tliat,  I  believe, 
wa-s  the  third  separator  ever  sold  in  America.  As  you  Know,  that  separator  saved  you  in  quantity  of 
butter  alone,  over’the  best  that  could  otherwise  be  done,  more  than  twenty  times  its  first  cost  each  year 
of  its  existence. 

You  pocketed  that  money  and  got  rich  at  it, while  some  of  your  neighbors  were  hesitating  month 
after  month  and  year  after  year,  only  later  to  be  driven  by  competition  into  the  buying  of  a  separator, 
and  in  the  meantime  having  lost  in  some  cases,  as  you  know,  hundreds  of  times  the  whole  first  cost  of 
the  separator. 

The  best  plan  is  to  go  and  see  the  milker  in  operation,  stay  with  it  awhile  ;  see  for  yourself  just  what 
it  is  doing.  For  instance.  Mr.  Parke,  whom  you  know,  live6  near  here.  Be  has  a  dail  y  of  over  one 
hundred  cows.  Formerly  he  had  to  pay  a  lot  of  hand  milkers  and  put  up  with  many  inconveniences. 
Now  a  young  son  and  daughter  of  his  do  it  all  and  do  it  well  and  easily.  The  machine  has  been  running 
steadily  for  many  months  and  the.cows  are  doing  better  than  ever,  while  the  milk  is  cleaner  and  purer 
than  ever  was  possible  before  getting  the  milker. 

I  could  point  out  to  you  the  reasons  as  to  why  the  Sharpies  Milker  is  so  successful  and  so  different 
from  others,  why  it  leaves  the  cow’s  teats  and  udder  in  a  soft,  healthy  condition,  why  it  enables  a  cleaner, 
purer  milk  than  any  other  machine  or  method  has  ever  produced,  but  l  know  you;  are  a  practical  man 
and  it  is  results  you  are  looking  for  and  not  explanations.  There  arc  vital  reasons  and  a  wide  difference 
between  this  milker  and  previous  ones,  and  they  axe  the  cause  of  its  unprecedented  success.  For  a  new 
machine  to  pioneer  itself  into  an  [old  business  and  never  have  a  fall-down  is  a  w  onder,  but  that  is  what 
this  machine  is  doing. 

You  know  from  experience  what  the  Sivarples  people  are.  In  thirty  years  they  have  never  sold  you  a 
dollar’s  worth  that  was  not  just  as  they  said  it  was,  and  so  they  will  now  absolutely  guarantee  the  milker 
to  you  to  be  in  every  way  as  represented  and  they  will  put  it  in  for  you  on  short  order,  if  you  say  so. 

With  kind  regards,  I  remain,  sincerely  yours, 

(Signed)  P.  M.  SHAKPLE8. 

Write  for  Catalogue 
"E  ”  to  Sales  Dept. 


DAIRY  SPECIALTY  CO.,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


/ 


680 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKEH 


June  10,  191  L 


HUMOROUS 


“Paw,  are  there  microbes  in  sugar?” 

“Yes,  Bobby.”  (Thoughtful  pause.) 
“Well.  I  don’t  blame  ’em,  paw.” — Chi¬ 
cago  Tribune. 

Lion  Tamer  (to  assistant)  :  “You’ve 
left  the  cage  open  again !  One  of  these 
days  some  one  will  come  along  and  steal 
him.” — London  Opinion. 

“O,  Willie,  what’s  this  queer  lookin’ 
thing  with  about  a  million  legs?” 
“That’s  a  millennium.  It’s  somethin’ 
like  a  centennial,  only  it  has  more  legsA^°  -0 

— Life.  \ 

v 

Customer  :  “See  here !  I  thought  you 
said  these  things  would  grow  in  any 
climate.”  Dealer:  “They  will.  But  if 
you  want  to  grow  them  in  this  climate 
you’ve  got  to  have  a  hothouse  for  them, 
of  course.” — Puck. 

Father:  “Well,  Reggie,  how  do  you 
think  you  would  like  this  little  fellow 
for  a  brother  ”  Reggie  (inspecting  the 
new  infant  somewhat  doubtfully)  : 
“Have  we  got  to  keep  him,  papa,  or  is 
he  only  a  sample?” — Tit-Bits. 

Customer  :  “See  here  !  Didn’t  you 
guarantee  that  this  watch  would  keep 
good  time  for  a  whole  year?”  Store¬ 
keeper:  “Certainly.”  Customer :  “Well, 
you’re  a  fraud!  The  blamed  thing  ran 
down  after  two  days.” — Judge. 

The  rejected  suitor  arose  and  looked 
for  his  hat.  “If  you  will  not  marry  me,” 
he  said,  “let  us  at  least  be  friends.”  The 
fair  girl  shook  her  head.  “No,”  she 
coldly  replied.  “I  am  opposed  to  both 
annexation  and  reciprocity.” — Cleveland 
Plain  Dealer. 

“John,”  asked  Mrs.  Dorkins,  “what  is 
a  ‘political  con  game’?“  “Why,  it’s — 
it’s  a  frame-up,  you  know.”  “Yes,  but 
what  is  a  frame-up?”  “A — er — piece  of 

bunk,  of  course ;  can’t  you - ”  “What 

is  a  piece  of  bunk?”  “Oh,  shucks!”  ex¬ 
claimed  Mr.  Dorkins,  “what's  the  use  of 
trying  to  tell  a  woman  anything  about 
politics  !” — Chicago  Tribune. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

SAVE  HALF  Your 
Paint  Bills 

By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT— proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 
Only  Paint  endorsed  by  the  “Grange.” 
Made  in  all  colors, — for  all  purposes. 
DELIVERED  FREE. 

From  the  Mill  Direct  to  You  at  Factory  Prices. 

INGERSOLL  PAINT  BOOK  — FREE 

Tolls  all  about  Paint  and  Painting  for  Durability. 
How  to  avoid  trouble  and  expense  caused  by  paints 
fading,  chalking  and  peeling.  Valuable  information 
free  to  you.  with  Sample  Color  Cards,  Write  me.  DO 
IT  NOW.  I  can  eave  you  money. 

0.  W.  Ingersoll,  246  Plymouth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 


Makes  Buildings 30°  Cooler 

On  a  hot  day  the  temperature  in  the  upper  part  of  a  building  will  be 
from  15  to  30  degrees  cooler  when  covered  with  J-M  Asbestos  Ready  Roof¬ 
ing  than  when  covered  with  any  other  roofing — the  exact  difference  depend¬ 
ing  on  what  the  other  roofing  is. 

You  can  easily  prove  this.  Place  two  thermometers  on  a  board,  as 
illustrated,  and  nail  over  them  the  roofings  you  wish  to  test.  Lay  these 
in  the  sun  for  an  hour  and  then  note  the  difference  in  the  thermometers. 


JACOBSON 

SELF-CONTAINED  ENGINE  WITH  AUTOMATIC  DRAINING 
WATER  TANK. 

No  Overheating 
Tank 

The  Agency  is  available  in  some  sections  and 
valuable  in  all. 

JACOBSON  MACHINE  MFC.  CO. 

Ill  Irvine  Street  Warren, Pa. 


No  Freezing 

No  I.nrgc  Water 


S50-TO  $300  SAVED 

We  are  manufacturers,  not  merchants.  Save  dealers, 
jobbers  and  catalog  house  profit.  I’ll  save  you  from 
S50  toS300  on  my  Hich  Grade  Standard  Gasoline 
Engines  from  2  to  22-H.-P. — Price  direct  to  you 
lower  than  dealers  or  jobbers  have  to  pay  for 
similar  engines  in  carload  lots  for  spot  cash. 


GALLOWAY 

Price  and  quality  speak  for  themselves 
and  you  are  to  be  the  sole  judge. 

Sell  your  poorest  horse  and  buy  a 

B-H.-P.  only $119.50 


Direct 
From 
My  Fac¬ 
tory  on  30 
Days’  Free 
Satisfac¬ 
tion  or  money 
.Write  forspec- 
proposition.  All 
you  pay  me  is  for  raw 
material,  labor  and 
one  small  profit.  Send  for 
my  big  BOOK  FREE. 

Wm.  Galloway,  Pres. 
Wm.  Galloway  Co. 

6C5  Galloway  Station 
Waterloo,  Iowa 


Asbestos 
Roofing 


keeps  a  building  cool  because  its  white 
surface  reflects  the  heat  and  because  of 
the  great  insulating  quality  of  the 
Asbestos  of  which  it  is  principally  com¬ 
posed.  Asbestos,  you  know,  is  used  as  a 
covering  on  about  all  the  pipes  carrying 
steam,  etc.,  in  the  world  to  prevent  heat 
escaping. 

Due  to  its  stone  (Asbestos)  construction,  this 
roofing  is  also  absolutely  fire-proof,  rust-proof, 
rot-proof  and  acid-proof.  And,  like  all  stone, 
it  never  needs  painting. 

It  is  suitable  for  all  kinds  of  buildings,  in  any  climate. 
Conies  all  ready  to  lay. 

Your  dealer  sells  J-M  Asbestos  Roofing— if  not,  we  will 
supply  you  direct. 

Write  our  nearest  House  for  “large”  sample  to  test  and 
handsomely  illustrated  Book  No.  P  48.  We’ll  also  include 
sample  of  the  curious  Asbestos  Rock. 

H.  W.  JOHNS-MANVILLE  CO. 


BALTIMORE 

BOSTON 

CHICAGO 

CLEVELAND 

DALLAS 

DETROIT 


KANSAS  CITY 
LONDON 
LOS  ANGELES 


MILWAUKEE 
MINNEAPOLIS 
NEW'  ORLEANS 


NEW  YORK 

PHILADELPHIA 

PITTSBURG 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

SEATTLE 

ST.  LOUIS 


For  Canada:— THE  CANADIAN  H.  W.  JOHNS-MANVILLE  CO.,  LTD. 
Toronto,  OnL;  Montreal,  Que.,  Winnipeg,  Man.,  Vancouver,  B.  C.  1380 


Send  for  Reliable  BLIZZARD  Ensilage  Cutter  Always  Works  Right 

New  Cat¬ 
alog  Illus¬ 
trated. 


ay  dry  or  green  feed  most  economically,  shred  com  to  best  advantage,  if 
the  Blizzard.  Designed  to  stand  hard  service  without  a  bit  of  strain  or 
pull  and  built  in  fewest  parts — simple,  easy  running,  with  self-feed  table  and 

knives  adjustable  while  running. 


We  Guarantee  It  Fully 

Improved  Wind  Elevator  carries 
fodder  any  height,  any  direction.  Every  machine 
tested  separately  before  shipping.  A  demonstrated 
success  for  38  years.  Shipped  ready  to  put  up. 
Let  us  send  you  free  book,  “Why  Silage  Pays.” 
Write  today. 

JOS.  DICK  MFC.  CO. 

1426  W.  Tuscarawas  St.  Canton,  Ohio 


ROOFING 

It  has  a  rough  surface 
of  real  mineral  matter 
on  the  weather  side. 
It  is  evident  to  anyone 
that  it  is  no  more  neces¬ 
sary  to  paint  such  a 
surface  than  it  is  neces¬ 
sary  to  paint  a  stone 
wall.  Stone  needs  no 
paint;  neither  does 
Amatite.  It  is  strong 
enough  in  itself  to  bear 
the  brunt  of  rain  and 
wind  and  sun  without  a 
coat  of  paint. 

To  paint  Amatite 
would  he  a  waste  of 
time  and  trouble. 

Amatite  will  last  for 
many  years  without  any 
care  whatever.  It  is 
made  to  he  trouble  proof 
as  well  as  weather  proof. 

No  paint  is  good 
enough  to  make  a  dur¬ 
able  roof ;  a  thick  layer  of  pitch,  faced 
with  a  real  mineral  surface,  is  far 
better — and  that  means  Amatite. 

Free  Sample  on  request  to  nearest  office. 

fjrpnrmiri  Lice  Destroyer 
CU11U1U  and  Cow  spray 

Sprayed  on  cows  it  keeps  away  flies,  and  makes 

them  comfortable;  therefore  they  give  more  milk. 

To  keep  the  poultry  house  in  good  condition, 

spray  regularly  with  Creonoid.  It  eradicates  lice, 

nits  and  disease  germs. 

Ever  jet  Elastic  Paint 

Jet  Black.  Water-proof,  elastic  and  durable. 
Ideal  for  rubber  roofings  and  out-door  metal  and 
wood  work.  Very  economical. 

BARRETT  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

New  York,  Chicago.  Philadelphia,  Boston, 
Cincinnati,  Minneapolis,  Cleveland,  St.  Louis, 
Pittsburg,  New  Orleans,  Kansas  City,  Seattle. 

REMOVAL  SALE . 

Tempting  reductions  on  all  our  stock,  20th  Cen¬ 
tury  Auto  Co.,  244  West  49th  Street,  New  York 
City.  June  1st,  at  Broadway,  corner  54th  Street. 


Get  Oversize  Tires 

Avoid  Blow-Outs — Save  Overloading 

Goodyear  No-Rim-Cut  tires — 10%  oversize— cost  no  more  than 
tires  that  rim-cut,  or  tires  not  oversize. 


The  sale  of  Goodyear  No-Rim- 
Cut  tires  has  multiplied  six  times 
over  in  the  past  two  years.  Over 
600,000  have  already  been  sold. 

Sixty-four  leading  motor  car 
makers  have  contracted  with  us 
for  these  tires.  The  demand  from 
users  is  now  so  great  that  our 
mammoth  factories  run  night  and 
day. 

This  patented  tire  has  become 
the  sensation.  It  is  saving  millions 
of  dollars  to  motor  car  owners.  It 
is  a  tire  that  you  should  know. 


No  Hooks — No  Bolts 

The  No-Rim-Cut  tire  has  no  hooks 
on  the  base.  No  tire  bolts  are  need¬ 
ed  to  hold  it  on. 

Into  the  tire  base  we  vulcanize  flat 
tapes  made  of  126  braided  wires. 
These  make  the  tire  base  unstretch- 
able.  The  tire  can’t  come  off  because 
nothing  can  stretch  it  over  the  rim 
flange.  But  when  you  remove  one 
flange,  the  tire  slips  off  like  any  quick- 
detachable  tire. 

Thisbraided  wire,  flat  tape  feature  is 
controlled  by  our  patents.  It  is  the  only 
way  known  to  make  a  safe  hookless- 
tire.  That  is  why  other  tire  makers  still 
recommend  the  old-style  clincher  tire. 


The  No-Rim-Cut  Tire 

This  tire  fits  any  stand¬ 
ard  rim.  Simply  reverse 
the  removable  rim  flanges  — 
that  is,  slip  them  to  the  op¬ 
posite  sides.  They  will  then 
curve  outward,  as  shown  in 
the  picture  above.  The  tire 
comes  against  a  rounded  edge, 
and  rim-cutting  is  made  im¬ 
possible. 


Ordinary  Clincher  Tire 

In  the  ordinary  tire — the  clincher 


tire — the  removable  rim  flanges  must 
be  set  to  curve  inward.  They  must 
grasp  hold  of  the  hooks  in  the  tire 
base,  to  hold  the  tire  on.  Note  how 
those  thin  flanges  dig  into  the  tire 
when  deflated.  That  is  the  cause  of 
rim-cutting,  which  may  wreck  a  flat 
tire  in  a  moment. 

10%  Oversize 

The  No-Rim-Cut  tire,  where  the 
rim  flanges  flare  outward,  can  be  made 
10%  over  the  rated  size  and  still  fit 
the  rim.  And  we  give  you  that  over¬ 
size  without  extra  cost. 

That  means  10%  more  air  —  10% 
greater  carrying  capacity.  And  that, 
with  the  average  car,  adds  25%  to  the 
tire  mileage. 

This  oversize  takes  care  of  your 
extras — top,  glass  front,  etc.  It  avoids 
the  overloading  which  causes  blow¬ 
outs  on  nine  cars  in  ten  which  have 
skimpy  tires. 

These  two  features  together — No- 
Rim-Cut  and  oversize — will  under  av¬ 
erage  conditions,  cut  tire  bills  in  two. 
Yet  these  tires  cost  you  nothing  more 
than  other  standard  tires. 
Do  you  wonder  that  men  who 
know  these  tires  insist  on 
getting  them? 


Our  latest  Tire  Book,  based 
on  12  years  spent  in  tire 
making,  tells  many  facts 
which  motorists  should  know. 
Ask  us  to  mail  it  to  you. 


THE  GOODYEAR  TIRE  &  RUBBER  COMPANY,  59th  Street,  Akron,  Ohio 


Branches  and  Agencies  in  103  Principal  Cities 


We  Make  All  Sorts  of  Rubber  Tires 


(324) 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4103. 


NEW  YORK,  JUNE  17,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR 


EARLY  LAMBS  IN  NEW  YORK. 
Success  with  Tunis  Sheep. 

I  am  indebted  to  The  R.  N.-Y.,  indirectly  perhaps, 
for  much  of  my  success  in  the  sheep  business.  I 
would  not,  however,  be  understood  as  posing  as  an 
expert  in  the  sheep  business.  I  have  profited  by  Mi 
Van  Alstyne’s  articles  that  have  appeared  in  The 
R.  N.-Y.  from  time  to  time,  as  well  as  by  a  lecture 
I  heard  him  deliver  at  a  farmers’  institute  a  number 
of  years  ago.  One  remark  in  particular  in  that  lec¬ 
ture  has  influenced  me  more  in  the  care  and  feeding 
of  sheep  than  anything  else.  It  is  this:  “Teach  your 
lambs  to  walk  before  they  are  born.”  This  I  have 
kept  constantly  in  mind  in  the  treatment  of  breeding 
ewes.  The  idea  was  to  care  for  and  feed  the  ewes 
so  as  best  to  promote  the  growth  and  development  of 
the  lambs  from  the  time  of  conception,  and  to  this 
end  I  find  it  is  best  to  keep  the  ewes  in  good  thrifty 
condition  at  all  times.  The  method  of  handling  sheep 
is  changing  in  this  part  of  the  State,  though  some  still 
cling  to  the  old  way  of  our  fathers  of  wintering  the 
breeding  ewes  as  cheaply  as  possible  on  any  roughage 
that  happened  to  be  at  hand.  Straw  and  bean  fodder 
is  very  largely  the  bill  of  fare  in  this  section.  They 
are  very  fond  of  bean  fodder,  and  it  is  an  excellent 
food  fed  in  connection  with  nice  clover  or  Alfalfa. 
From  my  experience  I  would  ad¬ 
vise  feeding  but  once  each  day  of 
the  bean  fodder  to  breeding  ewes. 

Alfalfa  is  coming  to  the  rescue  of 
the  sheep  on  many  of  our  farms, 
as  it  can  be  started  with  little 
difficulty,  and  gives  an  abundance 
of  the  very  best  feed,  producing 
three  to  six  tons  per  acre.  In  my 
opinion  it  will  be  but  a  few  years 
when  it  will  be  rare  to  find  a 
farm  in  western  New  York  with¬ 
out  a  few  acres  at  least  of  Alfalfa, 
which  comes  the  nearest  of  any¬ 
thing  we  have  yet  found  to  a 
grass  food. 

Now  as  to  how  I  handle  sheep. 

I  will  first  tell  what  I  am  breed¬ 
ing  and  feeding  for.  My  object 
has  been  to  get  early  Winter 
lambs  to  supply  the  city  markets 
with  'a  food  that  none  but  the 
wealthy  can  afford  to  eat.  To  do 
this  we  endeavor  to  winter  our 
yearlings  as  well  as  the  older 
ewes  so  that  they  come  out  in 
good  thrifty  order  when  they  go 
to  grass,  keep  them  in  good  pas¬ 
ture  all  through  the  Summer.  A 
change  of  pasture  is  best  where 
they  can  get  a  variety  of  grass. 

Should  it  come  a  very  dry  time, 
as  it  often  does  sometimes  during 
the  Summer,  we  have  our  Alfalfa 
fields,  some  of  which  we  can  pas¬ 
ture  after  the  first  or  second  cut¬ 
ting,  or  we  may  have  a  field  of 
rape  for  such  an  emergency.  In 
the  Fall  when  the  grass  becomes 
frost-bitten  we  take  the  sheep  in 
at  night  and  feed  them  some 
clover  or  Alfalfa  and  a  little 
grain,  and  when  taken  in  for  the 
V'  inter  shear  them,  which  necessitates  their  being 
kept  quite  closely  confined  in  our  warm  basements 
with  not  much  exercise,  especially  in  stormy  or 
cold  weather.  To  counteract  the  influence  of  this 


confinement  we  find  the  liberal  feeding  of  Alfalfa  a 
great  help,  also  oil  meal  and  bran.  We  used  to  feed 
largely  of  roots,  but  since  the  advent  of  Alfalfa  we 
raise  less  roots  (mangel  wurzels  mostly)  and  feed 


A  YEARLING  TUNIS  RAM.  Fig.  239. 


them  only  after  lambing.  We  then  increase  their 
grain  ration  according  to  their  needs,  adding  some 
good  cull  beans  (when  we  can  get  them  at  a  reason¬ 
able  price),  corn  or  barley,  or  both,  and  oats.  When 
the  lambs  are  about  two  weeks  old  we  provide  feed¬ 
ing  rooms  where  they  may  creep  through,  and  keep 


constantly  before  them  plenty  of  nice  green  clover 
or  Alfalfa  hay,  taking  out  what  they  leave  every  day, 
and  give  it  to  the  ewes  or  other  stock ;  for  grain  we 
start  them  largely  with  bran  and  oil  meal  and  ground 


oats,  soon  adding  ground  barley  and  corn,  and  when 
four  to  five  weeks  old  feed  in  separate  feed  troughs 
whole  oats,  barley,  corn  and  sometimes  beans.  The 
whole  grain  we  run  through  the  fanning  mill  to  get 
all  dust  and  stems  out.  We  sprinkle  granulated  sugar 
over  the  ground  feed  in  the  troughs,  and  we  have 
found  when  the  lambs  get  near  the  finishing  age, 
eight  to  12  weeks  old,  that  a  little  molasses  on  the 
corn  will  induce  them  to  eat  more  of  it.  We  fill  a 
pail  or  bucket  about  two-thirds  full  of  corn  and  pour 
in  a  little  molasses  and  stir  it  with  a  stick  until 
every  kernel  is  coated  slightly.  We  do  not  feed  the 
lambs  roots,  as  we  have  better  success  by  feeding  the 
roots  to  the  mothers.  With  this  method  of  feeding 
we  have  comparatively  little  bowel  trouble  among 
either  ewes  or  lambs.  Plenty  of  good  water  is  al¬ 
ways  before  them  where  the  lambs  as  well  as  the 
mothers  can  drink  at  will,  and  it  is  surprising  how 
often  they  will  run  to  the  fountain,  especially  when 
eating  their  fodder.  Alfalfa,  clover  hay  and  bean 
pods  is  our  fooder  for  sheep.  We  usually  have  enough 
of  the  latter  to  give  them  one  feed  per  day,  if  not, 
then  a  feed  every  other  day.  For  litter  we  use  the 
waste  of  the  bean  fodder  and  straw ;  they  will  get 
quite  a  little  picking  out  of  the  straw,  which  we 
usually  scatter  about  mid-day.  We  do  not  feed  the 
older  sheep  any  more  hay  or  bean  fodder  than  they 
will  eat  up  clean.  Of  course  the 
pods  are  about  all  that  is  eatable 
of  the  bean  fodder ;  most  of  the 
vine  and  stalk  is  good  only  for 
litter. 

As  to  the  breed,  I  will  say  that 
for  our  purpose  we  prefer  the 
Tunis,  because  we  can  get  the 
lambs  much  fatter  and  ready  for 
market  much  younger  than  any 
we  have  tried.  We  have  dressed 
and  shipped  cross-bred  Tunis 
lambs  at  seven  to  ten  weeks  old 
that  have  brought  prices  above 
the  highest  quotations  on  the  New 
York  market.  About  10  years  ago 
I  read  an  article  in  The  R.  N.-Y. 
by  Mr.  Clark  Allis,  of  Orleans 
Co.,  in  which  he  gave  his  experi¬ 
ence  in  crossing  the  Tunis  ram 
with  his  grade  ewes.  This  wa£ 
the  first  we  had  ever  heard  of 
the  breed,  and  as  we  were  not 
quite  satisfied  with  the  results  we 
were  getting  with  the  Shropshire, 
concluded  when  we  changed  rams 
again  to  try  a  Tunis.  We  used 
our  Shropshire  ram  two  years 
more,  as  •  lie  was  an  excellent 
stock  getter,  and  then  began  to 
look  for  a  Tunis.  We  had  some 
difficulty  in  finding  one,  but  finally 
found  a  man  in  Indiana  who 
would  sell  us  one  and  had  him 
sent  by  exprsss  to  our  station. 
Having  ‘  never  seen  a  Tunis  we 
were  somewhat  disappointed  in 
the  ram  when  he  arrived ;  he  was 
considerably  smaller  than  our 
Shropshire,  rather  light  wooled 
and  not  particularly  handsome. 
However,  we  said  nothing,  de¬ 
termined  to  give  him  a  fair  trial, 
but  hadn’t  enough  confidence  in  him  to  give  him  but 
about  one-fourth  of  our  ewes  the  first  season.  The 
result  was  that  the  lambs  from  the  Tunis  ram  were 
ready  for  market  much  sooner  than  the  others,  and 


TUNIS  EWES,  TEN  TO  THIRTEEN  MONTHS  OLD.  Fig.  240. 


A  BUNCH  OF  AGED  TUNIS  EWES.  Fig.  241. 


-*X- 


683 

much  better  finished.  The  next  season  we  used  the 
Tunis  on  all  our  ewes,  with  the  result  that  nine- 
tenths  of  all  our  lambs,  aside  from  the  ewes  we 
reserved  for  breeders,  were  on  New  York  market  at 
from  seven  to  14  weeks  old,  many  of  them  bringing 
$1  to  $2  above  the  highest  quotations.  Since  then 
we  have  got  into  the  Tunis  as  fast  as  we  have  been 
able,  buying  many  from  the  best  flocks  in  Indiana 
and  elsewhere,  until  now  we  have  over  100  head.  The 
rams  are  certainly  strong  cross-breeders,  transmitting 
to  their  progeny  all  the  good  qualities  for  which  the 
Tunis  are  noted.  Their  hardiness  to  me  seems  won¬ 
derful,  as  during  the  first  five  years  experience  with 
Tunis,  both  pure  and  cross-bred,  we  had  never  lost 
one  through  disease  or  sickness;  in  fact  not  even  had 
one  sick,  while  our  Shropshire  grades  were  con¬ 
stantly  dropping  awray  without  warning  or  apparent 
reason.  We  have  the  past  two  years  lost  a  few,  but 
nearly  all  by  accident.  They  are  a  very  quiet  sheep, 
long-lived  and  excellent  mothers,  fairly  good  shearers, 
and  we  get  the  highest  market  price  for  the  wool. 
They  are  quite  easy  keepers,  and  while  not  so  large 
as  many  of  the  mutton  breeds,  will  easily  lead  them 
in  quality  of  mutton  and  profit  to  the  owner  where 
early  maturity  and  quick  returns  are  desired. 

Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y.  j.  n.  m’pherson. 


CONCRETE  TILE  IN  SWAMP  LAND. 

I  wish  to  use  about  2.000  feet  of  10-inch  and  12-inch 
concrete  drain  tile,  and  about  4,000  feet  of  four-inch  and 
six-inch  tile,  all  on  clay  land.  The  surface  water  from 
several  upland  muck  swamps  flows  on  this  clay  flat.  We 
know  the  muck  land  is  acid.  Will  this  acid  attack  the 
lime  in  concrete  tile?  e.  p.  r. 

Midland,  Mich. 

If  your  swamp  land,  when  drained,  will  not  be  too 
sour  to  grow  crops,  it  does  not  contain  enough  acid 
to  injure  first  class  concrete  tile.  However,  such 
tile  must  be  well  made  and  well  cured.  The  secret  of 
tile  making  to  secure  a  product  which  will  with¬ 
stand  such  action  is  to  manufacture  a  tile  of  the 
greatest  density  and  the  smoothest  finish  both  outside 
and  inside.  By  following  the  directions  below  you 
will  get  a  dense,  non-porous  tile — the  kind  required. 

In  making  concrete  tile,  choose  a  standard  brand 
of  Portland  cement.  If  the  materials  are  clean  sand 
or  bank-run  gravel,  use  one  part  cement  to  2 y2  of 
the  other  material.  If  both  fine  and  coarse  materials 
are  used,  proportion  the  concrete  one  part  cement  to 
two  parts  sand  to  four  parts  screened  gravel  or 
crushed  rock,  which  must  contain  no  stone  larger 
than  one-half  the  thickness  of  the  shell  of  the  tile. 
Take  care  in  proportioning  that  the  measurements  are 
made  exact  on  a  basis  that  one  bag  of  cement  equals 
one  cubic  foot.  To  avoid  getting  a  porous  tile,  and 
one  more  liable  to  acid  action,  insist  that  the  tile  be 
molded  from  wet  concrete.  Mix  the  concrete  in 
small  batches,  so  that  nothing  but  fresh  concrete  (not 
over  30  minutes  old)  will  be  used.  Fill  the  molds  in 
layers,  not  over  two  inches  thick,  and  tamp  well. 
Protect  the  green  tile  from  the  hot  sunshine  and 
wind.  After  they  have  been  removed  from  the  mold 
for  from  four  to  six  hours,  sprinkle  them  by  means 
of  a  sprinkling  can  or  a  hose  with  a  spray  nozzle, 
and  repeat  the  operation  morning  and  evening  for  10 
days.  The  tile  may  be  piled  out  in  the  yard  after 
six  days.  Under  ordinary  conditions,  they  are  used 
when  30  days  old,  but  in  your  case  let  them  attain 
an  age  of  two  months. 


FIXING  A  LINE  FENCE. 

I  have  just  purchased  a  farm  and  have  repaired  the 
half  of  the  line  fence  which  the  man  I  purchased  from 
always  repaired.  The  farm  which  bounds  mine  is  rented. 
The  tenant  claims  I  have  repaired  the  end  of  the  fence 
he  owns,  which  I  can  prove  is  not  true.  Should  his 
cows  come  through  his  part  of  fence  and  do  damage,  how 
shall  I  proceed  to  recover  damages?  In  this  section  when 
there  is  a  dispute  over  a  fence  they  call  in  the  assessors 
who  divide  the  fence.  Is  this  method  legal,  and  if  so, 
who  pays  the  assessors?  A.  s. 

Franklin  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Adjoining  land  owners  ought  to  come  to  a  fair 
agreement  regarding  the  erection  and  maintenance  of 
their  line  fences.  The  law  contemplates  that  they 
will.  But  unfortunately  differences  will  arise,  and 
the  law  has  provided  a  method  by  which  these  differ¬ 
ences  may  be  adjusted.  In  New  York  State  the 
assessors  and  the  commissioners  of  highways  are  by 
virtue  of  their  office  made  the  fence  viewers.  In  the 
absence  of  any  other  agreement,  each  owner  shall 
make  and  maintain  a  just  and  equitable  portion  of 
the  fence  between  adjoining  lands.  If  a  dispute 
arises  the  parties  may  submit  the  matter  to  two  fence 
viewers.  One  party  may  call  one  and  the  other  party 
may  call  another.  If  the  other  party  neglects  or  re¬ 
fuses,  for  eight  days  to  call  a  second  fence  viewer,  the 
first  pfirty  may  select  both.  These  fence  viewers 
have  authority  to  summon  witnesses,  view  the  prem¬ 
ises  and  decide  where  the  fence  shall  run  and  who 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 

shall  pay  and  in  what  proportions.  If  they  cannot 
agree  they  may  call  in  a  third  fence  viewer,  and  the 
decision  of  any  two  shall  be  binding.  Their  finding 
shall  be  in  writing,  and  shall  be  filed  with  the  town¬ 
ship  clerk.  When  the  lands  or  any  part  of  them  are 
sold  a  new  agreement  must  be  made.  From  the 
above  you  will  see  that  you  should  first  agree  with 
your  neighbor  and  put  if  you  can  the  agreement  in 
writing.  If  you  cannot  agree  your  recourse  is  to  the 
fence  viewers.  Their  decision  will  probably  be  no 
better  than  your  own,  and  you  must  in  addition  pay 
fheir  expenses  and  the  expenses  of  witnesses.  If 
your  neighbor’s  cattle  break  through  the  part  of  the 
fence  for  which  you  arc  responsible  the  loss  is  yours. 
If  they  break  through  his  part  of  the  fence,  he  must 
pay  the  damage,  if  he  has  failed  to  keep  the  fence 
properly  in  repair.  In  case  of  a  dispute  the  fence 
viewers  may  be  called  in  or  the  matter  may  go  to 
the  courts. 


ECHOES  FROM  AN  OLD  TREE  DEAL. 

Inclosed  find  a  letter  sent  me  by  Whiting's  lawyer.  I 
believe  all  who  have  not  settled  accounts  in  this  vicinity 
are  receiving  similar  notice.  I  know  of  several.  I  never 
saw  a  man  die  so  hard.  He  is  like  a  cat. 

An  engraving  of  this  letter  is  shown  below.  This 
is  the  same  Whiting  whose  nursery  tree  business  we 
have  referred  to  before. 

This  is,  no  doubt,  a  circular  letter  sent  by  the  law¬ 
yers  to  all  who  refused  to  accept  trees.  Mr.  Whiting 
made  many  sales  in  Orleans  Co.,  N.  Y.  He  is  prob¬ 
ably  the  most  effective  talker  that  ever  went  on  the 
road  as  a  tree  agent.  We  say  this  after  a  wide  ex¬ 
perience  with  such  gentlemen,  including  a  few  who 
introduced  the  “Seedless  apple.”  Whiting  made 
many  sales  to  people  who  would  not  have  bought  trees 
under  ordinary  circumstances.  He  told  great  stories 
about  his  stock,  and  gave  extravagant  praise  to  cer- 

t)ear  Sir:- 

Ths  Whiting  Hursery  Company  has  placed  an  account 
against  you  amounting  to  in  our  hands  for  col¬ 

lection,  because  a  year  has  gone  by  and  no  remittance  has 
been  received. 

On  account  of  the  unfortunate  misunderstanding 
between  L!r.  Whiting  and  yourself,  we  are  authorized  to 
offer  you  20#  discount  for  an  immediate  cash  settlement, 

If  this  offer  is  not  accepted,  we  are  instructed 
to  bring  suit  and  are  confident  of  winning  the  suit. 

If  you  will  therefore  send  us  a  money  order  or 
chfeck  to  the  order  of  Hoskins  &  licGrew,  Attorneys,  for 
$  within  ten  (10)  days,  we  will  send  you  a  receipt 

in  full  and  you  will  thus  save  the  costs,  expenses  and 
annoyance  of  a  law  suit  for  the  full  amount. 

tain  varieties.  The  best  authorities  we  could  find 
agreed  that  most  of  these  varieties  were  not  new,  and 
not  well  adapted  for  growing  in  the  territory  where 
Whiting  sold  them.  We  learned  that  Mr.  Whiting 
had  usually  delivered  trees  of  good  quality,  but  that 
he  charged  in  many  cases  over  twice  as  much  as  re¬ 
liable  nurserymen  would  sell  them  for.  Fruit  grow¬ 
ers  around  Albion,  N.  Y.,  got  together  and  refused 
to  accept  the  trees.  We  understand  that  the  man 
who  received  the  above  letter  would  not  take  his 
trees.  They  were  tossed  from  the  road  into  his  yard — 
that  being  supposed  to  be  a  “legal  delivery.”  No  one 
touched  them  until,  while  the  farmer  was  away,  Mr. 
Whiting  or  one  of  his  agents  apparently  came  and 
heeled  them  in.  Of  course  they  have  not  been  planted. 
This  letter  is  no  doubt  a  form.  There  is  not  likely 
to  be  any  suit  over  it. 

The  above  letter  seems  to  have  been  sent  to  all  who 
refused  to  pay.  A  meeting  was  held  at  Albion  on 
May  27  and  those  who  attended  agreed  to  stand  firm 
and  refuse  payment. 


THE  ELIMINATION  OF  THE  EXPRESS 
COMPANIES. 

At  the  recent  postal  conference  in  Washington  no 
proposition  offered  struck  as  vigorously  at  the  root  of 
the  parcels  post  problem  as  did  that  presented  by  Con¬ 
gressman  David  J.  Lewis,  of  the  Sixth  Maryland  Dis¬ 
trict.  His  plan  contemplates  nothing  less  than  the 
purchase  of  the  business  of  the  express  companies  by 
the  Government  and  turning  it  over  to  the  Post  Office 
Department  in  its  entirety.  That  such  a  plan  may 
not  be  at  the  present  time  feasible  is  possible,  owing 
to  its  boldness  and  its  lack  of  publicity,  but  that  it 
will  be  the  only  ultimate  solution  of  the  question,  once 
its  principles  are  understood,  there  can  be  little  ques¬ 
tion.  It  does  not  attempt  gradually  to  inch  up  on 
the  express  companies,  to  do  things  by  halves,  but 
proposes  to  eliminate  them  in  a  fair  and  business-like 
way.  And  that  Mr.  Lewis’  interest  in  the  matter  is 
not  a  matter  of  political  expediency,  but  the  result 


.Time  17, 

of  much  study  and  personal  investigation  and  genuine 
conviction,  further  strengthens  his  position.  Indeed, 
he  seems  so  far  as  we  can  learn  to  stand  alone  among  * 
his  associates  in  having  taken  the  subject  up  as  a  busi¬ 
ness  proposition,  demanding  a  practical,  economical 
and  permanent  solution.  The  steps  in  his  proposition 
are  as  follows :  First,  that  the  ratio  between  freight 
and  express  charges  in  this  country  is  utterly  out  of 
proportion  to  the  services  rendered  by  the  express 
service,  the  ratio  in  fact  being  over  twice  that  found 
in  any  foreign  country.  Second,  that  though  extor¬ 
tionate  in  their  methods,  the  express  companies  as  an 
established  business  with  vested  interests  are  entitled 
to  a  square  deal  at  the  hands  of  the  people,  which 
means,  according  to  Mr.  Lewis,  a  chance  to  sell  out 
to  the  Government  at  a  reasonable  figure.  Third,  that 
any  attempt  to  cope  with  the  express  companies  in 
any  other  basis  is  certain  of  bitter  opposition,  and 
further,  their  advantage  in  railroad  rates  makes  them 
a  proposition  with  which  even  the  U.  S.  Government 
cannot  afford  to  compete.  Fourth,  that  the  Post  Office 
Department  as  the  legitimate  channel  for  such  busi¬ 
ness  is  better  equipped  to  handle  it  on  an  economical 
basis,  and  will  reach  and  benefit  far  more  people  at  a 
reasonable  expense. 

Owing  to  the  peculiar  business  methods  of  the  ex? 
press  companies,  Mr.  Lewis  found  the  study  of  specific 
cases  to  eliminate  the  abuse  of  their  privilege  an  un¬ 
profitable  task.  However,  in  collecting  data  on  their 
conbitied  business,  he  was  able  to  get  at  certain  facts 
from  which  to  draw  definite  conclusions.  To  begin, 
the  average  charge  per  ton  for  express  matter  is 
$32,024,  $1.56  per  pound,  of  which  $15.69  or  .74  cents 
per  pound  is  paid  the  railroads  for  transportation* 
The  collection  and  delivery  expense  is  reckoned  at 
11.5  per  cent  of  the  total  rate,  and  that  with  other 
operating  expenses  gives  a  net  revenue  amounting  to 
11  per  cent  of  the  total  income,  as  a  fair  average.  Com¬ 
paring  freight  and  express  charges,  he  finds  a  charge 
of  $1.96  per  ton  for  freight  as  against  $32,024  for  ex¬ 
press,  or  a  ratio  of  1 :16.86.  During  a  personal  inves¬ 
tigation  of  foreign,  and  particularly  European  rail¬ 
road  rates,  he  found  the  highest  ratio  to  be  1  :4j/<,  or 
less  than  half  of  that  in  this  country,  and  in  some 
countries  it  ran  as  low  as  1 :4j/2  and  even  four,  this 
last  in  Argentina;  1:6  was  about  the  average.  These 
figures  can  mean  only  one  thing,  that  for  an  inade¬ 
quate  and  limited  service  we  are  paying  over  double 
what  we  should,  while  foreign  and  less  progressive 
countries  (let  us  say  it  if  we  can)  are  paying  a 
reasonable  price  for  an  increased  service. 

This  brings  us  to  the  second  step,  buying  out  and 
if  necessary  “condemning”  the  express  companies,  and 
this  step  Mr.  Lewis  assures  us  has  the  full  authority 
of  the  law.  So  having  this  stumbling  block  elimin¬ 
ated,  we  are  confronted  with  the  wisdom  of  this  course 
as  a  business  proposition.  Is  it  not  wiser  to  buy  out 
their  interests,  paying  them  in  full,  rather  than  to  en¬ 
deavor  to  compete  with  them,  entrenched  as  they  are 
behind  long  usage  and  privilege?  Is  it  not  also  the 
fairer  way?  When  we  compare  the  rates  paid  by  the 
Post  Office  and  the  express  companies  to  the  railroads, 
we  have  an  average  of  $.04  a  pound  for  mail  against 
three-fourths  cent  for  express  matter,  and  the  latter 
in  some  cases  reaches  as  low  as  one-fourth  cent  per 
pound.  Can  we  afford  such  competition,  or  expect  by 
enforcing  the  letter  of  the  law  as  regards  the  present 
four-pound  limit  or  a  future  1 1-pound  limit,  to  place 
the  parcels  post  service  on  a  paying  basis? 

And  to  conclude,  Mr.  Lewis  asserts  that  after  an 
investigation  of  foreign  post  office  departments  and 
their  management,  none  equals  that  of  the  United 
States  in  point  of  economy  and  efficiency.  What  bet¬ 
ter  agency  have  we  for  reaching  the  bulk  of  the  popu¬ 
lation  of  the  country,  and  particularly  the  farming 
people,  who  like  myself  are  located  10  and  15  miles 
from  any  express  office  or  railroad,  yet  are  surrounded 
by  a  network  of  delivery  routes,  easily  capable  of 
being  turned  to  more  advantage  than  just  carrying 
the  mails?  This  plan,  too,  gives  to  the  Post  Office 
the  added  financial  asset  of  the  profitable  “short  haul” 
and  eliminates  the  additional  “advance”  charges  of 
supposedly  competing  companies. 

The  express  capital  invested  in  operation  amounts 
to  $28,288,450.  Their  franchises,  good  will,  etc.,  are 
reckoned  at  $10,877,369,  totaling  $39,165,819  invested 
in  function.  Other  assets,  including  outside  stocks 
owned  and  other  permanent  investments,  etc.,  amount 
to  over  147  millions,  but  the  amount  Mr.  Lewis 
reckons  the  cost  of  the  elimination  of  the  express 
companies  at  is  under  50  millions,  surely  not  too 
much  to  pay  for  ridding  ourselves  of  their  incubus. 
And  by  no  other  method  will  we  so  thoroughly 
realize  the  dream  of  the  “careful  consideration”  Con¬ 
gressman,  namely,  “to  accomplish  that  which  will  re¬ 
dound  to  the  glory  and  good  of  the  greatest  number” 
everywhere !  reuben  brigham. 

Maryland. 


1011, 


THIS  RURAL?  NEW-YORKER 


©83 


HOW  THEY  KILL  MOLES, 

“Is  there  any  other  way  besides  trapping  to  destroy 
moles  that  are  troublesome  in  hotbeds  and  lawns?” 
Why,  yes,  there  are  two  or  three  ways  said  to  be  suc¬ 
cessful.  Only  the  other  day,  a  neighbor  was  discuss¬ 
ing  this  very  subject  with  me.  His  plan  was  to  boil 
white  arsenic  for  20  to  25  minutes  and  then  stir  in  a 
quantity  of  shelled  corn,  let  it  soak  till  water  is  all 
taken  up,  and  it  becomes  quite  soft.  Take  this  soft 
corn  and  a  round  sharpened  stick ;  make  holes  in  the 
mole  runs  in  numerous  places,  drop  in  a  few  kernels 
of  corn,  close  up  the  hole,  and  proceed  a  little  further. 
I  said  to  this  man :  “How  do  you  know  whether  you 
kill  any  moles  or  not?”  His  answer  was:  “I  saw  no 
more  damage  done  as  first  evidence,  and  further  than 
that,  I  plowed  out  several  dead  moles.”  This  ought 
to  be  sufficient  evidence  to  prove  that  moles  will  eat 
poisoned  corn,  and  yet  we  read  that  moles  do  not  eat 
vegetables  of  any  kind.  I  often  smile  when  I  see 
such  statements ;  it  reminds  me  of  an  incident  that 
occurred  here  over  20  years  ago.  I  was  digging  a 
basket  of  potatoes  for  house  use  when  in  turning  out 
a  hill  out  came  a  mole  with  his  head  nearly  all  into  a 
large  potato,  the  inside  of  which  was  half  eaten  out, 
and  just  done,  too,  because  the  potato  was  wet  and 
evidence  of  the  mole’s  eating  it  on  his  mouth.  I  do 
not  claim  that  the  mole  is  a  vegetarian,  but  fully  be¬ 
lieve  they  eat  more  or  less  vegetable  matter. 

Another  way  is  said  to  be  good ;  personally,  I  can¬ 
not  verify  this  statement:  Proceed  as  with  the  corn, 
but  in  each  hole  made  pour  in  some  bisulphide  of 
carbon,  close  the  hole  quickly ;  do  this  at  short  dis¬ 
tances.  Some  men  claim  this  is  effective;  personally,  I 
question  it.  Another  way  to  clear  your  premises  of 
moles  is,  have  a  good  fox  or  rat  terrier  dog;  train 
them  on  moles  and  then  let  them  have  their  way. 
They  will  kill  more  moles  than  you  thought  you  had 
at  the  beginning.  But  you  will  have  to  regrade  the 
lawn  and  fill  up  holes  every  half  day,  or  the  place  will 
be  a  sight  to  behold.  I  have  hinted  at  three  ways  to 
kill  this  pest,  but  my  own  way  is  traps.  Use  the  coil 
spring  trap  with  three  teeth  on  each  side;  shove  it 
down  level  with  the  ground,  dig  out  a  little  earth 
from  under  the  catch  on  end  of  pan  so  it  can  trip 
easy.  If  this  trap  is  handled  right  it  never  misses  a 
mole.  I  have  two,  one  of  them  missed  the  first  mole 
that  passed  under  it,  because  I  did  not  dig  out  from 
under  the  catch,  and  it  could  not  trip.  Since  that 
time,  eight  or  nine  years  ago,  neither  trap  has  ever 
missed  a  mole  that  passed  under  it.  These  traps  leave 
no  unsightly  mark,  can  be  set  anywhere,  and  are  sure 
when  handled  right.  One  of  the  main  troubles  with 
people  trying  to  catch  moles  with  this  trap  is,  they 
set  the  trap  on  the  mole’s  feeding  ground,  rather  than 
across  his  main  run,  where  he  goes  to  and  fro.  Al¬ 
ways  set  a  mole  trap  on  the  main  run,  then  if  set  right 
when  it  trips  you  have  got  him.  e.  c.  hulsaut. 

New  Jersey. 


MONEY  IN  OLD  ORCHARDS. 

A  fruit  farmer  here  has  a  fruit  farm  in  another  county 
and  from  the  two  farms  he  sold  last  years’  crop  of  apples 
for  $30,000,  not  a  bad  go  for  a  young  man  on  his  third 
crop  of  fruit.  But  he  is  l’caping  where  another  had  sown. 
The  orchards  are  around  40  years  old,  but  because  of  in¬ 
different  care  never  paid  the  former  owners,  but  are 
responding  gratefully  to  their  better  treatment  of  late. 
The  40  acres  on  this  farm  are  a  glory  of  blossoms  at  this 
writing. 

This  is  from  a  New  York  county.  There  are  many 
other  cases  where  shrewd  men  have  bought  old  and 
neglected  orchards  at  a  low  price  and  made  them  very 
profitable.  In  one  case  such  a  buyer  is  having  over 
30,000  feet  of  tile  put  in  the  orchard.  In  Massachu¬ 
setts  Prof.  S.  T.  Maynard  says : — 

With  us  wealthy  men  are  buying  up  old  orchards  and 
renovating  them  with  great  success.  I  have  estimated 
that  there  are  now  in  this  State  old  trees  enough  if 
properly  cared  for  to  supply  our  home  markets,  but  by  the 
present  method  of  pruning,  i.e.,  cutting  off  the  lower 
branches  and  leaving  long  bare  branches  with  “feather 
dusters"  at  the  end,  and  cutting  off  every  sprout  that  ap¬ 
pears,  the  trees  are  fast  being  reduced  to  a  state  of  al¬ 
most  worthlessness.  In  Michigan,  companies  are  renting 
old  orchards  and  caring  for  them  with  large  profits. 

We  have  had  many  questions  about  the  plan  of 
“dishorning”  old  apple  trees — that  is,  cutting  off  the 
large  limbs  and  letting  a  new  top  grow  out.  Some  of 
the  stories  told  of  the  results  from  this  practice  are 
hard  to  believe,  yet  we  know  that  some  of  them  are 
true.  Where  the  trunk  is  sound  and  the  roots  are  in 
fair  condition  such  trees  may  be  cut  back  severely, 
sprayed  and  fed  and  either  top-worked  with  standard 
varieties  or  left  to  form  a  new  top  of  its  own  wood. 
This  is  a  job  for  the  expert — not  a  sure  road  to 
wealth  for  the  “back  to  the  land”  man. 


The  latest  school  proposition  in  New  York  is  to  fur¬ 
nish  free  glasses  or  spectacles  to  school  children  requiring 
the  same.  A  bill  at  Albany  provides  $15,000  each  year 
to  buy  these  glasses ! 


STARTING  A  TREE. 

The  pictures  shown  at  Figs.  242-243  are  sent  us  by 
E.  H.  Kramer,  Jr.,  of  Pennsylvania.  Mr.  Kramer  is 
trying  to  develop  a  first-class  fruit  orchard  in  which 
the  trees  shall  not  only  be  a  large  size  and  well  de¬ 
veloped  but  shaped  to  suit  him.  His  plan  is  to  stuff 


SHAPING  THE  TREE’S  HEAD.  Fid.  242. 


the  soil  full  of  vegetable  matter  by  growing  a  full 
succession  of  green  crops  and  to  use  fertilizer  freely. 
The  Fig.  243  shows  how  trees  that  have  made  a  poor 
growth  are  taken  out  to  be  replaced  by  better  ones. 
The  little  tree  being  dug  out  is  about  the  same  age  as 
the  large  tree  shown  by  its  side  and  also  illustrated 
in  tbe  other  picture.  For  some  reason  the  little  tree 
failed.  Such  trees  can  be  dug  out,  put  in  a  nursery 
row  and  coaxed  and  petted  along  until  they  start 
growing  and  make  satisfactory  size.  Larger  trees  put 
in  place  of  small  ones  will  make  a  better  looking  or¬ 
chard  and  also  one  even  in  development.  Fig.  242 


DIGGING  OUT  THE  FEEBLE  TREES.  Fia.243. 


shows  a  plan  for  shaping  the  tree.  What  is  wanted 
is  a  low  open  head  top  shaped  much  like  an  umbrella. 
This  Baldwin  was  set  in  the  Spring  of  1910  and  it  was 
cut  back  at  that  time  to  the  offsets  which  are  shown 
on  the  limbs.  It  made  a  growth  of  three  feet.  In¬ 
stead  of  leaving  perpendicular  shoots  which  would 
have  lived  along,  finally  making  the  tree  40  or  50  feet 


high,  the  plan  is  to  hold  the  top  down  and  make  it 
spread  out,  so  that  it  will  finally  grow  with  a  flat 
open  top.  The  cutting  is  done  to  outside  buds  and 
the  training  is  shown  in  the  picture.  By  starting  with 
good  stock,  forcing  the  growth  and  studying  the  de¬ 
velopment  of  the  tree,  a  fine  orchard  can  be  de¬ 
veloped,  yet  opinion  varies  greatly  regarding  this  mat¬ 
ter  of  heading.  We  have  trees  at  Hope  Farm  headed 
down  low  with  an  open  spreading  top  somewhat  like 
the  one  shown  in  the  picture.  We  thought  they  were 
very  satisfactory,  but  on  a  recent  visit  Mr.  Van  Deman 
criticized  them  and  much  preferred  a  class  of  trees 
which  had  grown  up  higher  with  a  central  shoot  or 
stem.  His  main  objection  to  the  open  top  was  the 
claim  that  an  ice  or  sleet  storm  would  weigh  down 
the  branches  and  break  them  off.  We  have,  however, 
peach  trees  headed  in  this  way  which  when  loaded 
with  fruit  bend  down  to  the  ground  and  seldom  have 
split  or  broken.  We  think  that  the  tree  is  capable  of 
adapting  itself  to  this  condition  and  that  when  it 
grows  in  this  open  or  spreading  fashion  the  limbs  have 
greater  strength  and  can  bear  a  heavier  yield  than  the 
upright  central  headed  tree. 


ORGANIZATION  FOR  AUSTRIAN  FARMERS. 

I  notice  with  pleasure  your  advocacy  of  the  forma¬ 
tion  of  an  agrarian  party  in  America  after  the  plan 
of  the  agriculturists  of  Germany.  I  hope  you  will 
also  take  note  of  the  movement  of  the  Austrian  Gov¬ 
ernment  favoring  cooperative  efforts  in  the  transpor¬ 
tation  and  marketing  of  beef  cattle.  That  government 
is  not  planning  to  remove  its  tariff  on  cattle  and 
swine  imported,  but  will  apply  the  profits  of  the  cus¬ 
toms  dues  on  these  food  products  to  encourage  the 
sale  and  export  of  live  stock.  The  Austrian  authori¬ 
ties  are  lending  their  influence  and  power  to  make 
cattle  raising  profitable  for  the  cattlemen.  They 
favor  methods  of  cooperation  among  the  live  stock 
raisers  which  seek  to  do  away  with  unnecessary 
middlemen.  Central  markets  have  been  established 
in  the  largest  cities  and  government  agents  assist  in 
securing  expeditious  and  economical  forwarding  of 
fat  cattle  to  these  great  central  markets.  The  results 
of  this  movement  already  include  increased  profits  for 
the  farmers  and  decreased  prices  for  the  consumers 
of  the  meats.  Much  of  the  progress  made  has  been 
due  to  the  effective  federation  of  the  agricultural  co¬ 
operative  associations  of  Austria. 

At  a  great  poultry  conference  lately  held  in  Dublin, 
Ireland,  Sir  Florace  Plunkett  dealt  with  the  epoch- 
making  character  of  the  conference,  and  mentioned 
his  long  and  keen  interest  in  the  poultry  industry, 
for  which  he  predicts  a  great  future.  He  put  his 
finger  on  the  weak  spot  when  he  indicated  the  need 
for  organization  as  the  one  pressing  and  present  essen¬ 
tial  to  prosperity.  He  said:  “Until  farmers  have 
been  enabled  to  dispose  of  their  produce  advantag¬ 
eously  you  cannot  interest  them  in  improving  their 
methods  of  production,  nor  have  you  the  machinery 
through  which  the  government  agencies  charged  with 
this  responsibility  can  do  their  best  work.”  Why  can 
we  not  in  free  America  have  a  federating  of  the 
farmers’  Granges,  unions  and  other  national  and 
State  agricultural  societies  to  the  extent,  at  least, 
that  the  organized  farmers  shall  act  together  on  the 
most  important  agricultural  matters  of  the  day?  If 
the  present  officials  of  the  National  Grange  persist  in 
blocking  the  progress  of  this  great  farmers’  organiza¬ 
tion  it  is  the  duty  of  the  great  body  of  members  in 
thousands  of  local  Granges  to  speak  out  and  instruct 
their  State  officers  to  elect  progressive  farmers  to 
lead  and  direct  the  order  in  the  interests  of  agricul¬ 
tural  advancement.  Let  real  cooperation  control  con¬ 
ditions.  I  believe  further  that  every  State  college 
of  agriculture  should  include  in  its  schedule  of  studies 
the  subjects  of  agricultural  organization  and  coopera¬ 
tion,  and  the  storage,  transportation  and  marketing  of 
farm  products.  a.  a.  brigham. 

South  Dakota. 


In  1909  there  was  sold  in  this  country  $71,348,199 
worth  of  stone.  Vermont  turned  off  $6,324,366  worth, 
while  the  New  England  States  sold  $9,674,715  worth 
of  granite  alone.  These  facts  are  proclaimed  as 
though  of  national  importance,  but  this  output  of 
granite  is  but  a  small  pebble  compared  with  the  farm 
crops  grown  in  New  England.  Vermont  is  again  the 
bashful  State.  The  granite  men  may  brag  because 
they  sent  some  $3,000,000  worth  of  her  granite  away, 
but  her  farmers  produced  last  year  $15,574,000  worth 
of  hay,  $19,696,000  worth  of  potatoes,  $1,764,000  of 
oats,  and  $1,901,000  of  corn.  The  New  England 
States  together"  produced  $78,556,000  worth  of  hay, 
or  more  than  all  the  stone  sold  in  the  entire  country. 
And  the  farmers  keep  on  doing  this  year  after  year. 
Nobody  thinks  it  worth  while  to  mention  it,  while 
the  production  of  stone  or  minerals  is  considered  re¬ 
markable. 


684 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
name  and  address  of  the  -writer  to  insure 
attention.  Before  asking  a  question,  please  see 
whether  it  is  not  answered  in  our  advertising 
columns.  Ask  only  a  few  questions  at  one  time. 
Put  questions  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper.] 


Spiders  vs.  Borers. 

R.  A.  M.,  flew  York. — As  I  am  much  in¬ 
terested  in  anything  that  would  be  of  use 
to  the  patrons  of  our  It.  N.-Y.,  I  thought 
the  following  might  be  of  some  benefit  to 
orchardists  or  any  one  with  young  trees  to 
care  for.  Having  read  in  several  agricul¬ 
tural  papers  that  there  was  no  effectual 
remedy  for  the  borer  in  trees,  my  attention 
was  called  to  a  nine-year  test  of  this  meth¬ 
od  in  an  orchard  of  apple  and  peach  trees 
joining  an  old  infested  orchard.  The  young 
trees  were  the  finest  I  have  seen  for 
some  time  and  never  a  tree  lost  through 
borers.  The  trees  had  a  piece  of  tar  paper 
12  or  16  inches  high  around  the  trunk,  ex¬ 
tending  two  inches  or  so  below  the  ground, 
but  instead  of  being  closed  at  the  top  the 
paper  should  be  from  l]/2  to  two  inches 
away  from  the  tree  forming  a  funnel  in 
shape  and  fastened  so  as  not  to  be  dis¬ 
turbed  again.  This  forms  a  house  in  which 
Mr.  Spider  will  not  be  long  in  taking  pos¬ 
session  and  getting  his  web  over  the  open¬ 
ing  at  the  top,  where  he  is  then  ready  for 
all  insects  or  larvae  that  come  his  way,  also 
working  up  and  down  the  tree  trunk  for 
other  insects.  Notice  the  importance  of 
plenty  of  space  for  him  to  live  in.  On 
opening  several  of  the  wrappers  we  found 
Mr.  Spider  at  home. 

Ans. — In  a  careful  series  of  experi¬ 
ments  made  at  the  Cornell  Experiment 
Station  some  y^ears  ago,  the  tarred 
paper  bandages  for  preventing  borers 
in  peach  trees  were  carefully  tested.  In 
all,  74  young  trees  were  banded.  The 
experiment  was  carried  through  a  period 
of  three  successive  years  and  a  careful 
record  of  the  results  made  every  year. 
In  the  first  place,  no  injury  resulted 
from  the  use  of  the  tarred  paper  band¬ 
ages  for  three  successive  years  on  the 
same  trees.  On  the  other  hand,  Dr. 
Smith,  of  New  Jersey,  and  others  have 
injured  trees  with  these  bandages.  In 
the  second  place,  the  bandages  kept  out 
from  one-half  to  seven-eighths  of  the 
borers  as  compared  with  the  untreated 
check  trees.  Evidently  tarred  paper 
bandages,  alone,  cannot  be  depended  on 
to  keep  out  all  of  the  borers  from  all  of 
the  trees.  These  bandages  were  wrapped 
around  the  trees  twice  and  tied  tightly 
with  twine.  They  were  made  especially 
tight  around  the  top  so  that  the  small 
borers  could  not  enter.  The  paper  ex¬ 
tended  beneath  the  soil  and  about  one 
foot  up  the  trunk  quite  similar  to  the 
bandages  described  in  the  foregoing 
letter.  In  regard  to  the  aid  of  spiders 
in  preventing  borers  I  know  of  ua 
definite  experiment  along  that  line.  It 
would  seem  from  our  knowledge  of  the 
habits  of  the  moth  in  laying  her  eggs 
on  the  tree  trunk  that  the  bandages 
open  at  the  top  would  offer  a  fine  place 
for  the  borers  to  enter.  I  suppose  the 
writer  of  the  foregoing  letter  holds  that 
the  spiders  will  catch  the  borers  as  they 
hatch  from  the  eggs.  If  every  trunk 
could  be  kept  supplied  with  two  or 
three  spiders  so  that  the  trunk  might  be 
patrolled  all  around  the  tiny  borers 
might  be  caught.  There  would  still  be 
some  borers  that  enter  the  bark  at  once 
right  by  the  egg  that  might  Very  prob¬ 
ably  steal  their  way  by  the  watchful 
spiders  inasmuch  as  they  would  be  un¬ 
der  the  bark  out  of  sight.  On  the  whole. 
I  am  rather  inclined  to  trust  to  a  tight 
tarred  paper  band  rather  than  to  a  loose 
one  even  though  reinforced  by  spiders. 

GLENN  W  HERRICK. 


Castor  Beans  and  Moles. 

I  notice  several  have  asked  how  to  get 
rid  of  moles  in  lawns.  About  10  years 
ago  my  lawn  of  three  acres  was  bur¬ 
rowed  badly.  I  got  a  peck  of  castor  oil 
beans  took  a  sharp  cane  or  stick,  made 
small  holes  in  the  runs,  dropped  in  one 
or  more  beans,  and  then  pressed  with 
foot.  It  stopped  them  for  several  years. 
I  have  done  the  same  this  year;  they 
do  not  like  the  smell.  As  beans  sprout 


THE  RURA.k  IsiEIW-YORKE-Fi 


June  17, 


and  grow,  cut  off  with  lawn  mower  and 
they  will  continue  to  grow  and  thus  stop 
moles.  It  is  not  a  new  remedy,  for 
others  have  done  the  same  with  success. 

Southampton,  N.  Y.  E.  p.  h. 

R.  N.-Y. — In  former  years  we  have 
had  reports  from  people  who  tried  these 
beans  but  with  no  success  whatever. 

Indian  Turnip,  Catnip  and  Solomon’s  Seal. 

T.  F.,  Putnam  Co.,  fl.  Y. — Is  the  Indian 
turnip  (Arisrema  triphyllum)  of  any  value 
for  medicines  or  any  other  purposes?If  so 
what  is  the  price  per  pound  and  where  can 
I  sell  it?  It  catnip  and  Solomon’s  seal  of 
any  value?  If  so  how  much  is  it  per 
pound? 

Ans. — The  corm  or  solid  underground 
portion  of  the  common  wild  or  Indian 
turnip  is  still  used  in  medicine  as  a 
stimulant  and  expectorant,  but  less  fre¬ 
quently  than  in  the  past.  The  corms 
are  dug  in  late  Summer,  sliced  and 
dried.  The  freshly  cured  “root”  brings 
from  six  to  10  cents  a  pound,  but  the 
demand  is  limited  and  quotations  are 
rarely  published.  The  drug  loses  its 
acridity  and  supposed  medicinal  powers 
rapidly  with  age.  Catnip  has  a  some¬ 
what  extended  market  in  the  dried  form, 
the  tops  being  cut  and  cured  when  in 
full  bloom,  and  later  pressed  in  bales 
of  200  or  more  pounds  in  weight,  ex¬ 
cluding  the  coarser  stems  and  branches. 
Wholesale  prices  vary  from  two  to  eight 
cents  the  pound.  Solomon’s  seal  (Polv- 
gonatum)  has  no  recognized  medicinal 
value,  but  the  dried  rhizomes  of  the 
nearly  related  Convallaria  majalis  or 
lily  of  the  valley,  is  increasingly  used 
as  a  heart  remedy.  Well  cured  roots 
are  worth  10  to  12  cents  the  pound,  but 
the  market  for  it  is  much  better  abroad 
than  in  this  country.  Information  as  to 
markets  and  prices  of  most  herbs  and 
roots  may  be  had  from  wholesale  drug¬ 
gists  in  most  large  cities.  v. 

Rye  and  Vetch  for  an  Orchard. 

8.  A.  II.,  Pennsylvania. — I  have  a  young 
apple  orchard  of  300  trees,  with  corn  plant¬ 
ed  between  the  tree  rows.  My  idea  is  to 
sow  vetch  between  the  corn  rows  some  time 
in  August  and  give  a  shallow  cultivation 
to  cover  the  seed.  Next  Spring  I  shall 
plow  the  vetch  down  as  a  fertilizer.  If 
this  proves  a  success  I  will  duplicate  a  few 
years,  or  until  the  trees  need  all  the  room, 
then  will  discontinue  the  corn,  but  continue 
to  sow  vetch  and  plow  or  disk  it  down  in 
Spring.  The  question  is,  where  can  I  get 
the  vetch  seed?  Would  not  object  to  rye 
and  vetch  mixed,  as  I  think  this  would 
make  a  very  good  cover  crop. 

Ans. — This  is  a  good  plan  for  hand¬ 
ling  the  orchard.  Use  rye  with  the 
vetch  seed.  If  the  vetch  should  be  killed 
out  the  rye  will  give  a  growth  to  be 
plowed  under,  and  it  will  protect  or 
“nurse”  the  vetch.  The  larger  seedsmen 
sell  vetch  seed.  There  might  be  de¬ 
veloped  a  trade  in  mixed  vetch  and  rye 
as  it  comes  from  the  average  cover  crop. 

Preparing  a  Lawn  Soil. 

E.  O.  D.,  Springfield,  Mass. — I  have  just 
bought  a  three-quarter  acre  plot  of  ground. 
It  formerly  was  tobacco  land,  but  has  been 
in  grass  for  a  number  of  years.  It  is  in¬ 
clined  to  be  sandy  with  quite  a  little  clay, 
just  enough  so  it  is  not  leachy.  What  treat¬ 
ment  would  you  advise  for  this  year  and 
next  (1912)  toward  making  a  good  lawn. 
Would  you  plow  it  about  six  inches,  turn¬ 
ing  the  sod  under,  broadcast  600  or  700 
pounds  air-slaked  lime  and  then  disking  or 
harrowing  and  broadcasting  about  a  bushel 
of  Soy  beans  and  then  repeating.  Next  sea¬ 
son  about  the  same  with  the  addition  of 
some  good  fertilizer.  I  do  not  expect  to 
have  seeding  for  lawn  until  Spring  of  1913. 
It  will  not  be  very  convenient  for  me  to 
put  in  any  hoed  crop. 

Ans. — The  “ideal  soil”  for  lawn  or 
meadow  is  stuffed  full  of  vegetable 
matter,  not  sour,  and  with  an  abundance 
of  plant  food.  We  would,  therefore, 
work  crop  after  crop  into  the  soil  and 
use  lime  enough  to  keep  it  sweet.  It  is 
too  late  for  oats  and  peas  now.  We 
should  plow  and  sow  Japanese  millet. 
Plow  this  under  in  August  and  sow  rye 
and  vetch.  Put  this  under  next  Spring 
and  sow  soy  beans,  cow  peas  or  field 
beans.  Let  these  go  under  in  late 
August  and  you  may  then  seed  to  lawn 
grass  or  sow  rye  and  vetch  once  more. 


Use  lime  each  year  for  the  rye  and 
vetch.  Your  land  will  then  be  “stuffed” 
and  if  when  you  grade  it  and  seed  you 
use  nitrate  of  soda,  ground  bone  and 
potash,  the  grass  cannot  help  growing. 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE. 

The  port  of  Montreal,  Canada,  handled 
6,500,000  bushels  of  grain  during  May,  an 
increase  of  1,500,000  over  May  1910. 

On  June  1,  money  in  circulation  in  the 
United  States  totaled  $3,256,116,255,  or 
$34.70  per  man,  woman  and  child. 

Block  Tin  has  recently  sold  at  $1,100 
per  ton,  owing  to  the  market  being  cornered 
by  European  interests.  The  stock  of  tin 
in  this  country  is  light,  about  600  tons  have 
lately  been  shipped  back  to  London  as  a 
speculation,  the  price  being  nearly  prohibi¬ 
tive  for  manufacturing. 

Hundreds  of  farmers  who  now  see  their 
berries,  green  vegetables,  potatoes  or  other 
truck  fast  getting  ready  for  market,  also 
see  in  memory  statements  of  sale  of  their 
products  by  commission  men  in  former  years 
in  which  strawberries  netted  them  two  cents 
per  quart ;  string  beans  25  cents  per  bushel ; 
potatoes,  75  cents  per  sack,  etc.  And  they 
naturally  wonder  whether  there  is  any  way 
by  which  they  can  come  nearer  getting  the 
actual  food  value  of  their  products.  This 
question  has  been  settled  with  more  or  less 
success  by  about  400  co-operative  organiza¬ 
tions  of  farmers  in  this  country.  Co-opera¬ 
tion  is  not  a  new  or  untried  process,  but 
every  new  association  has  its  peculiar  local 
problems  to  solve.  One  mistake  often  made 
by  producers  who  decide  to  “get  together” 
is  to  follow  slavishly  the  methods  adopted 
by  some  other  farmers’  organization.  In 
this  way  they  tie  themselves  to  a  constitu¬ 
tion  and  set  of  rules  and  selling  methods 
not  well  adapted  to  their  own  conditions. 
Much  can  be  learned  from  the  co-operative 
experience  of  others,  but  it  is  far  more 
necessary  to  follow  the  rule  of  common  sense 
in  working  out  our  own  plans. 

Wherever  farmers  start  to  organize  they 
find  one  or  more  outsiders  who  are  anxious 
to  help.  Some  of  them  are  honest,  typical 
specimens  of  an  overgrown  ego,  with  a 
“gift  of  gab”  that  would  be  amusing  were 
it  not  so  tiresome,  men  who  feel  that  they 
have  just  the  necessary  pill  or  poultice  for 
every  farm  condition.  But  more  often  the 
officious  outsider  is  a  direct  enemy  of  the 
farmers’  interests,  who  has  a  personal  ax 
to  sharpen,  or  expects  to  queer  the  organi¬ 
zation  by  loading  it  down  with  red  tape 
rules  and  methods,  or  getting  in  dishonest 
or  incapable  officers.  Such  outside  help  (  ?) 
has  killed  many  organizations  that  started 
with  fair  prospects.  What  have  we  to  sell? 
Where  can  it  be  sold  to  best  advantage? 
What  are  the  best  packages,  combining 
neatness  and  ability  to  carry  well?  Who 
are  the  honest  commission  men,  if  the  goods 
must  be  sold  that  way?  These  are  all  es¬ 
sential  questions  that  can  be  answered,  and, 
combined  with  honest  grading  of  the  goods, 
will  go  far  toward  making  a  success  of  co¬ 
operative  selling  of  products  in  localities 
where  this  is  feasible.  In  a  future  number 
details  will  be  given  regarding  public  mar¬ 
kets  in  large  cities  and  the  possibilities  in 
large  and  small  co-operative  stores  where 
products  are  offered  to  the  consumer  direct 
from  the  farm.  w.  w.  H. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


PALMER  HOIST 

Horses  are  husv  in  haying  time. 
—  '  '  nr  gasoline  engine  to  a 

1’almer  Hoist  and  onload 
your  hay.  Can  be  used  for 
1  misting  ice  or  anything 
where  a  bolster  is  used. 

If  you  have  no  gaso¬ 
line  engine,  wc  can  sell 
you  a  Palmer  Self-oiling 
6  H.P.  engine  for  $125. 
Catalogue  Free 

PALMER  BROS. 
Coscob,  Conn. 


HARRISON’S  NURSERIES 

has  been  built  up  by  quality  trees  from  a  small 
beginning  to  the  largest  nursery  in  America — more 
than  2.000  acres  devoted  to  growing  trees,  plants, 
vines  and  ornamental  stock.  Buy  of  a  responsible 
grower  and  get  what  you  pay  for.  Address 

HARRISON’S  NURSERIES 
Ten  Valuable  Farms  For  Sale.  BOX  421,  Berlin,  Md. 


FRUIT  TREES 

We  are  ready  to  take  orders  for  Fall  Delivery 
for  BLACK’S  QUALITY  TREES. 
.  .  .  Send  for  Booklet  .  .  . 

JOS.  H.  BLACK.  SON  &  CO..  HIGHTSTOWN,  N.  J. 


CABBAGE  PLANTS  of  all  kinds,  $1  per  1000;  Tomato  and  Sweet 
Potato  Plants,  $J.r»0  per  1000;  Cauliflower  and  Peppei  s,  $2.f>0 
per  1000.  Plants  ready  for  field.  J.  C.  Schmidt,  Bristol,  Pa. 

Sweet  Potato  Plants  g&fSaRT®* 

list  free.  W.  S.  FORD  &  SON,  Hartly,  Del. 

FDR  QAI  F — Dow  Peas,  $2.50  to  $3.00  bushel; 
run  vHLC  Crimson  Clover  Seed,  $8.50  bushel: 
Black-Eyed  Peas,  $3.00  bushel. 

JOSEPH  E.  HOLLAND  .  .  Milford.  Del. 

NEW  CRI M S ON  CL0VER  SEED 

Ready  June  20th.  COW  PEAS,  SORGHUM, 
MILLET,  VETCHES.  Circular  Free. 

E.  G.  PACKARD,  Seed  Grower,  Dover,  Del. 

HOW  TO  MAKE  THEM  PAY. 

The  pleasures,  the  work  and  the 

profitsof  bee  keeping  are  fully  covered 
ill  “ Gleanings  in  Bee  Culture.”  Six  months'  trial  sub- 
j  scription,  25  cents.  Write  for  book  on  Bees  and  free 
catalog — both  free. 

THE  A.  I  ROOT  COMPANY,  Box  65,  MEDINA,  OHIO. 


BEES 


NOW  IS  THE  TIME  TO  ORDER 

RAW  GROUND  LIME  ROCK 

for  top  dressing  meadows  and  Alfalfa  fields. 
Write  us  for  prices. 

F.  E.  CONLEY  STONE  CO.,  Utica,  N.  Y. 


MAKE  MONEY 
for  FARMERS 

It  is  easy  to  make  lumber  for 
yourself  and  neighbors  with  an 
AMERICAN  mill.  All  sizes. 
Work  rapidly  with  light  power. 
No  experience  needed.  Get 
Free  Catalogue  and  Low  Prices. 

American  Saw  Mill  Mach’y  Co. 

12  9  Hope  St. ,  llnckettsf  own.N.  J. 

158?Terminal  Bldgs.,  New  York 


Any  dairy  barn, 

large  or  small,  properly  arranged 
and  designed,  and  outfitted  with  James 
Sanitary  Barn  Equipment  is  a  profit  maker — 
because,  more  cows  can  be  provided  for  in  the  same 
space — greater  storage  room  for  feed  and  grain  can  be 
secured — time  and  labor  can  be  saved  every  day  by  cutting  in 
half  the  work  in  caring  for,  feeding  and  watering  the  cows  and 
cleaning  the  stalls.  Thus  barn  expenses  are  reduced.  The  extra 
cleanliness,  together  with  the  comfort,  freedom  and  protection  afforded 
the  cow  increase  the  milk  yield  and  improve  the  quality  of  the  milk  and 
greatly  lessen  the  danger  of  disease  or  accident  to  the  stock. 

James  Samiary  Barn 


Five  patented  features  save  enough  on  feed  and 
labor  alone,  to  pay  for  the  whole  emiiDment  in  a 
year. 

Two  Kooks  FREE.  Every  dairyman  wno  wants 
a  modern  barn  and  make  bigger  profits  should 
have  our  two  free  books.  Book  No.  8  tells  about  the  James 
Stalls,  Stanchions,  Bull  Pens  and  Calf  Pens.  The 
book  “Barn  Work  Made  Easy”  describes  the 
James  Carriers.  Fill  out  the  coupon 
now  and  get  these  books. 


Equipment 


V 


KentMfg.Co. 

2630  Cane  St. 

Ft.  Atkinson,  Wis. 

How  many  cows  have 

you? . Do  you  own 

Or  rent  a  farm?  ..  .  .... 

Are  you  interested  in  Stalls 

and  Stanchions? . Are  you 

interested  in  Carriers? .  ^ 

Name . 

(Town . 

S.F.D .  state. 


Kent  Mfg.  Co.,  2630  Cane  St,  Ft.  Atkinson,  Wis. 


1911. 


VHE  RURAfc  NEW»YORKER 


©86 


CORRECT  SCALES  IN  NEW  YORK, 

TF.  A.  S.,  North  Lansing,  N.  Y. — The 
sealer  of  weights  has  been  on  a  tour  of 
inspection  and  has  condemned  our  scales, 
which  of  course  he  has  a  right  to  do  under 
the  law,  but  he  says  that  there  are  uo 
scales  made  that  can  stand  the  test  except 
two  kinds.  Is  it  possible  no  other  makers 
are  reliable?  Can  I  get  scales  from  other 
firms  that  are  right? 

Ans. — This  matter  was  submitted  to 
Fritz  Reichmann,  Superintendent  of 
Weights  and  Measures,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
He  says  that  the  statement  that  only 
two  makes  of  scales  conformed  to  the 
law  is  not  true.  There  are  over  200 
manufacturers  of  weighing  and  measur¬ 
ing  devices  in  this  country.  Mr.  Reich¬ 
mann  called  a  series  of  conferences  of 
these  manufacturers  and  submitted  speci¬ 
fications  as  to  what  was  wanted.  A 
book  of  specifications  has  been  issued 
and  New  York  is  the  only  State  in 
which  this  has  been  done.  Thus  in  New 
York  the  personal  element  is  eliminated, 
and  any  dealer  who  will  sell  his  appara¬ 
tus  according  to  the  printed  specifica¬ 
tions  will  be  protected.  Mr.  Reichmann 
says  the  department  doesn’t  care  a  cent 
who  makes  the  apparatus  so  long  as  it 
complies  with  the  law.  He  says  that  if 
any  county  or  city  official  of  weights 
and  measures  is  trying  to  pass  only  one 
or  two  makes  of  scales  he  will  take 
steps  immediately  to  have  such  a  man 
removed  from  office.  All  you  would 
have  to  do  would  be  to  prove  your 
statement  and  name  the  man ;  at  least 
50  different  firms  have  submitted  ap¬ 
paratus  which  had  been  inspected  by 
the  department.  These  specifications  for 
commercial  weighing  and  measuring  are 
public,  and  copies  of  them  will  be  mailed 
to  any  of  our  people  in  New  York  who 
will  write  the  Albany  Department  for 
them.  Hundreds  of  copies  have  already 
been  given  out  and  there  is  a  great  de¬ 
mand  for  them.  In  short,  the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Weights  and  Measures  at  Al¬ 
bany  assures  us  that  they  want  to  be 
fair  to  all  who  are  working  in  a  per¬ 
fectly  open  and  above  board  fashion.  A 
great  many  scales  used  throughout  the 
State  are  no  doubt  defective  and  they 
ought  to  be  remedied.  Naturally  the 
first  impulse  of  many  people  whose 
scales  are  rejected  would  be  to  find 
fault  and  perhaps  assign  improper  mo¬ 
tives  to  the  inspector.  There  may  be 
some  graft  in  the  matter,  but  if  such 
graft  could  be  demonstrated  Mr.  Reich¬ 
mann  declares  that  he  will  punish  it  at 
once. 

Insulating  Rubber-covered  Wires. 

W.  II.,  Westboro,  Mass. — I  wish  to  put 
some  rubber-covered  burglar  alarm  wires 
underground ;  am  planning  to  draw  them 
through  common  iron  water  pipe  (joints 
leaded  same  «s  for  water).  Shall  I  be 
troubled  with  condensation  of  water  in  the 
pipe  in  Winter?  A  friend  suggests  encas¬ 
ing  the  wire  in  the  trench  in  Portland  ce¬ 
ment,  as  cheaper.  Would  that  work?  I 
intend  to  put  them  two  feet  underground. 

Ans. — The  plan  of  increasing  the  in¬ 
sulated  conductors  in  water  pipe  with 
leaded  joints,  making  them  watertight, 
is  probably  the  best  and  at  the  same  time 
the  cheapest  method  of  laying  the  con¬ 
ductor,  unless'  they  were  carried  over¬ 
head.  There  would  be  less  danger  from 
moisture  in  the  iron  pipe  than  in  any 
concrete  insulation.  f.  h.  king. 


Home  Canning  with  Steam. 

J.  D.,  W  elision,  Mo. — A  maker  says  use 
only  steam  pressure  home  canners.  Is  there 
any  danger  with  15  pounds  pressure? 

Ans. — When  canning  is  done  in  closed 
retorts  for  such  things  as  corn  and 
beans  a  special  steam  thermometer  is 
used.  Corn  is  held  under  a  tempera¬ 
ture  of  212  degrees  Fall,  between  60 
and  75  minutes,  depending  upon  its  ripe¬ 
ness.  One  factory  in  this  State  has  put 
up  good  corn  when  “processed”  only  50 
minutes.  But  little  attention  is  given  to 
the  pressure.  These  thermometers  are 
sold  by  the  manufacturers  of  canning 
machinery.  For  such  things  as  toma¬ 
toes,  peaches,  etc.,  no  thermometer  is 


needed,  since  the  canning  is  done  in 
open  vessels.  Full  instructions  how  to 
can  are  also  sent  with  the  canning 
machinery.  r.  h  price. 

Virginia. 


SHORT  STORIES. 

Chemicals  and  Green  Crops  for  Truck. 

Could  a  truck  garden  already  in  good 
condition  be  kept  up  with  commercial  fer¬ 
tilizers  and  rye  aud  vetch,  instead  of  using 
stable  manure?  e.  d.  s. 

Yes,  if  you  use  lime  from  time  to  time 
with  the  rye  and  vetch,  but  some  manure 
would  be  better.  The  manure  brings  new 
forms  of  bacteria  to  the  soil  and  helps  it 
more  than  equal  weights  of  green  crops 
can. 

Turnips  or  Beets  in  Corn. 

I  have  four  acres  of  new  ground  planted 
in  corn.  I  would  like  to  sow  either  turnips 
or  sugar  beets  at  the  last  cultivation  the 
first  part  of  July.  I  would  rather  sow 
beets,  as  I  want  to  feed  them  to  hogs.  Do 
you  think  either  crop  would  do  well  at  that 
time?  What  is  the  feeding  value  of  each? 
How  late  cau  cow  peas  be  sown  in  this 
State?  m.  m. 

Huntington,  W.  Va. 

We  should  not  sow  sugar  beet  seed  in 
the  coni.  It  would  be  too  late  for  seeding 
them,  aud  they  will  not  do  well  without 
cultivation.  Sow  Cow-liorn  turnips  and 
clover.  The  turnips  are  worth  but  little 
more  than  half  as  much  as  the  beets  for 
feeding,  but  the  latter  will  not  do  well  un¬ 
der  such  culture. 

Power  from  Waterfall. 

What  amount  of  horse-power  could  I  get 
from  a  14-inch  turbine  water  wheel  with  16- 
foot  water  fall ;  opening  of  gate  at  water 
wheel  four  by  five  inches?  Would  this 
wheel  run  a  small  dynamo  to  furnish  25  to 
30  eight-candle  power  incandescent  lamps? 

Vermont.  J.  J.  e. 

If  the  full  effect  of  the  16-foot  head  of 
water  can  be  realized  at  the  wheel,  that  is, 
if  there  is  no  loss  of  power  by  friction, 
there  should  be  realized  approximately  four 
to  six  horse-power.  The  best  plan  to  fol¬ 
low  is  to  submit  this  question  directly  to 
the  man  facturers  of  the  wheel  and  get 
their  estimate  of  the  horse-power  it  will 
develop  under  stated  conditions,  and  how 
many  incandescent  lamps  it  would  be  capa¬ 
ble  of  operating.  F.  n.  king. 

Madison,  Wis. 

Handling  Poor  Land. 

I  have  a  piece  of  land  of  about  an  acre 
and  a  quarter ;  the  land  is  poor.  Last  year 
I  put  about  25  loads  of  manure  on  it  and 
sowed  two  bushels  of  rye.  The  rye  at 
present  (May  14)  is  about  15  to  20  inches 
high  and  very  thick.  Could  I  plow  that 
under  and  plant  potatoes  on  it  or  could 
I  cut  it  for  hay  by  setting  the  cutter  bar 
high  and  leaving  about  four  inches  of  stub¬ 
ble  to  plow  under  and  sow  rye  again  this 
Fall  to  plow  under  the  following  Spring? 
The  hay  prospect  is  very  light;  no  rain 
to  speak  of  for  a  month.  At  the  rate  the 
rye  has  grown  in  the  past  week  it  will  be 
24  inches  high  in  another  week. 

Oswego,  N.  Y.  j.  o. 

You  can  plow  the  rye  under  and  plant  po¬ 
tatoes,  or  you  can  use  the  land  for  growing 
fodder.  If  the  latter  we  should  cut  the 
rye  at  once  and  cure  it  like  hay.  It  is  not 
the  best,  but  if  cut  early  stock  will  eat  it. 
After  cutting  you  can,  if  you  like,  plow  the 
rye  stubble  and  put  in  fodder  corn  sown 
thickly  in  drills.  You  will  have  to  use  some 
fertilizer  with  this.  Cut  this  fodder  in  late 
August  and  cure  it  for  stock  feeding.  Then 
work  up  the  ground  and  reseed  to  rye. 

Rye  in  Orchard. 

How  should  I  handle  a  crop  of  rye  in 
my  one-year-old  orchard?  It  was  sown  late 
last  Fall  and  will  not  begin  to  head  till 
about  the  middle  of  June.  Should  I  plow 
this  under  and  then  use  lime?  Would  you 
advise  sowing  buckwheat  later  and  plow 
under  the  straw  early  next  Spring  aud 
practice  clean  culture  next  season?  Cow 
peas  and  vetch  have  not  been  tried  in  this 
section  and  I  am  inclined  to  favor  rye  aud 
buckwheat  in  bringing  up  the  land. 

Rimer,  Pa.  e.  h.  k. 

We  should  stuff  this  soil  with  vegetable- 
matter  this  first  year  and  then  follow  the 
plan  of  cultivation  and  cover  crop.  Plow 
under  the  rye  and  then  lime  and  sow  buck¬ 
wheat.  Put  this  under  in  September  and 
sow  rye  and  vetch.  Plow  this  in  Spring, 
give  good  culture  until  August  and  sow 
rye  and  vetch  again. 


Securing  Roses  to  Wauls  or  Fences. — 
A  good  suggestion  is  made  by  a  correspond¬ 
ent  of  London  “Gardening  Illustrated,”  who 
remarks  that  the  old  method  of  nailing  roses 
to  walls  and  fences  is  laborious  and  waste¬ 
ful.  Neither  shreds  nor  cast  iron  nails  are 
of  any  use  the  second  time.  The  breaking 
away  of  mortar  and  cement  leaves  holes 
that  are  not  only  unsightly,  but  are  good 
harbors  for  insect  foes.  A  few  galvanized 
pegs,  with  eyelets  at  the  unpointed  end,  do 
not  cost  much.  Draw  a  few  strands  of  wire 
between  these  pegs,  making  as  many  strands 
as  you  consider  suitable.  Roses  can  be  tied 
to  the  wires,  will  not  be  so  cramped  against 
the  wall  or  fence,  and  can  be  easily  secured 
in  any  desired  direction  without  injury  to 
the  wall.  Once  fixed,  such  a  contrivance  is 
not  only  permanent,  but  it  can  readily  be 
removed  and  made  use  of  elsewhere.  It 
takes  very  little  time  and  trouble,  is  infin¬ 
itely  better,  and  can  be  made  use  of  for 
other  subjects  on  walls  besides  roses.  There 
is  also  the  advantage  of  something  to  tie 
to  at  any  time  without  hunting  up  nails, 
shreds  aud  hammer,  and  fresh  growths  can 
be  rearranged  quickly  and  efficiently. 

Killing  Out  Witch  Grass. — I  am  fol¬ 
lowing  this  plan  to  try  to  rid  my  land  of 
witch  grass.  Wheel-harrow  twice  each  way 
before  plowing,  then  put  on  spring-tooth 
harrow  and  rake  up  and  haul  off  all  roots 
brought  to  surface.  Plow  rather  shallow, 
just  enough  to  turn  the  sod  over  and  repeat 
the  operation.  I  shall  have  to  let  the  land 
lie  uncovered  all  Winter,  and  repeat  the 
operation  in  the  Spring.  If  I  seed  to  rye 
in  the  Spring  the  spring-tooth  harrow  would 
drag  the  rye  to  the  surface.  This  land  is 
in  grass  now  and  I  shall  start  on  it  as 
soon  as  the  hay  it  cut.  My  idea  in  wheel- 
harrowing  before  plowing  is  to  cut  the 
roots  of  the  witch  grass,  as  the  ground  will 
be  hard,  and  the  roots  cannot  sink  down  in 
the  grouud  and  escape  the  disk  as  it  often 
does  after  plowing.  All  this  means  lots  of 
work,  but  don’t  you  think  I  shall  nave  some 
sick-looking  witch  grass  when  I  am 
through?  I  am  going  to  plant  cabbage  on 
this  piece  to  be  cultivated  both  ways  so  as 
to  give  witch  grass  there  is  left  a  chance  to 
get  killed.  It  costs  my  neighbor  $500  a 
year  fighting  the  stuff,  and  he  says  he  is 
going  to  sell  out.  e.  ii.  b. 

Bridgewater,  Mass. 


A  Small  Investment 
Earns  Big  Returns 


TO  make  a  small  outlay  of  capital 
and  to  have  that  capital  double 
itself  in  a  year’s  time,  is  what  a 


Buckeye 

Traction  Ditcher 

will  do  for  you.  You  earn  from  $1  5  to  $18 
a  day,  net,  digging  machine  cut  ditches  and 
you  can  work  from  eight  to  nine  months  in 
the  year.  There  is  no  trouble  keeping  the 
machine  busy  because  farmers  everywhere 
are  insisting  upon  Buckeye  ditches.  The 
ditches  are  truer,  of  perfect  grade  and  they 
cost  from  twenty-five  to  fifty  per  cent  less 
than  the  old  hand-labor  method.  You  can 
dig  from  1 00  to  1 50  rods  a  day  and  only 
two  men  are  required  to  operate. 

The  up-keep  of  a  Buckeye  is  remark¬ 
ably  low.  Simple  to  operate,  always  ready 
to  run  and  there  is  no  job  too  difficult. 


Write  today  for  our  catalog  No.  3 

The  Buckeye  Traction  Ditcher  Co., 
Findlay,  Ohio. 


Showing  plowed  ground  with  rich  subsoil  unused  Same  ground  after  subsoil  has  been  dynamited 

DOUBLE  THE  FERTILITY 
OF  YOUR  FARM 


By  Breaking  up  the  Rich  Subsoil 

WITH 

COUPON t) 

CROSS  DYNAMITE 

Ordinary  plowing  turns  over  the  same  shallow  top-soil  year 
after  year,  forming  a  hard  and  nearly  impervious  “plow  sole” 
that  limits  the  waterholding  capacity  of  the  land  and  shuts  out 
tons  per  acre  of  natural  plant  food. 

Dynamiting  the  subsoil  makes  this  plant  food  available,  aerates 
the  soil,  protects  vegetation  against  both  drouth  and  excess  rain¬ 
fall,  and  soon  repays  its  cost  in  saving  of  fertilizer  expense 
and  largely  increased  yields. 

Write  for  Free  Booklet 

To  learn  how  progressive  fanners  are  using  dynamite  for 
removing  stumps  and  boulders,  planting  and  cultivating  fruit 
trees,  regenerating  barren  soil,  ditching,  draining,  excavating, 
and  road-making.  Write  now  for  Free  Booklet — “Farming  with 
Dynamite,  No.  30.” 


I  saw  an  inquiry  in  a  recent  issue  asking 
how  to  got  rid  of  willow  trees.  Here  is  the 
recipe:  Girdle  the  trees  in  the  latter  part 
of  August  above  the  ground  about  two  feet 
in  length,  and  he  sure  to  get  the  bark  all 
off.  The  tree  will  never  leaf  out  again,  nor 
sprout  from  the  roots,  as  I  have  tested  it 
for  20  years  and  never  had  a  failure  yet- 
RushvlUe,  Vt.  G.  w.  c. 


L.  I.  DU  PONT  DE  NEMOURS  POWDER  CO. 

PIONEER  POWDER  MAKERS  OF  AMERICA 

ESTABLISHED  1802  WILMINGTON,  DEL.,  U.  S.  A. 

Dynamite  dealers  wanted  in  every  town  and  village  to  take  and  forward  orders.  Not 
necessary  to  carry  stock.  Large  sale  possibilities.  Write  at  once  for  proposition. 

DU  PONT  POWDER  COMPANY ,  Dept.  30,  Wilmington,  Del. 


683 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


Juno  17, 


WHAT  ABOUT  CRUNELLS? 

I.  H.  G.,  Westmoreland  Co.,  Pa. — Will 
you  tell  me  something  about  “crunells,” 
which  are  said  to  be  a  cross  between  a 
gooseberry  and  currant,  and  free  from 
mildew,  as  our  gooseberries  are  generally 
ruined  by  mildew,  perhaps  this  would  suit 
our  climate  and  locality.  What  do  you 
know  about  them? 

Ans. — The  plant  known  as  crunells, 
widely  advertised  some  years  ago  as  a 
mildew-proof  hybrid  between  the  cur¬ 
rant  and  gooseberry,  appears  to  be  in 
reality  simply  a  prolific  strain  of  the 
wild  round-leaved  gooseberry,  Ribes 
rotundifolium,  native  to  rocky  wood¬ 
lands  from  Pennsylvania  westward  to 
Montana.  It  is  a  strong-growing,  up¬ 
right  variety  of  gooseberry  with  few 
spines,  producing  abundant  crops  of  small 
mild-flavored  fruits  with  few  seeds  and 
a  thin,  smooth  skin,  dark  purple  when 
ripe.  The  quality  is  good,  but  the  ber¬ 
ries  are  too  small  to  have  value,  except, 
perhaps,  for  domestic  jelly  making.  The 
foliage  is  good  and  appears  quite  resist¬ 
ant  to  mildew,  while  the  plant  does  not 
seem  to  be  as  readily  attacked  by  native 
and  imported  currant  worms  as  the  va¬ 
rieties  in  general  cultivation.  Ribes  ro¬ 
tundifolium  is  quite  variable  in  the  wild 
state,  most  plants  being  slender  and 
drooping  in  habit  and  the  berries  vary 
in  color  when  ripe  from  light  green  to 
blackish  purple,  but  are  always  smooth 
and  free  from  prickles.  Occasionally  an 
upright-growing  specimen  is  found,  and 
crunells  appears  to  be  a  good  example 
of  this  rare  form.  It  is  plainly  a  goose¬ 
berry,  coming  quite  true  from  seeds,  and 
there  is  no  hint  of  the  currant  in  the 
make-up  of  plant  or  fruit,  except  possi¬ 
bly  in  the  profusion  of  the  latter  and 
their  small  size  when  mature. 

The  gooseberry  has  been  hybridized 
with  the  black  currant  by  several  inves¬ 
tigators,  but  the  progeny  has  invariably 
turned  out  to  be  weakly  and  unfruitful, 
possessing  no  horticultural  value.  Al¬ 
though  gooseberries  and  currants  are  re¬ 
garded  by  botanists  as  members  of  the 
same  genus,  Ribes,  they  are  from  the 
gardener’s  standpoint  quite  distinct,  and 
probably  never  will  turn  out  useful  hy¬ 
brids.  No  authentic  crosses  of  the 
gooseberry  and  red  currant  have  so  far 
been  announced.  The  writer  has  inter¬ 
bred  extensively  crunells  and  selected 
wild  forms  of  Ribes  rotundifolium  with 
other  promising  native  species,  and  with 
the  large-fruited  forms  of  the  European 
gooseberry,  R.  grossularia,  in  the  hope 
of  getting  mildew  resistant  varieties 
with  larger  fruits  than  Houghton  or 
Downing.  The  experiments  at  this  stage 
of  progress  can  only  be  regarded  as  par¬ 
tially  successful.  Ribes  Missouriense, 
formerly  known  as  R.  gracile/  native  to 
the  prairie  States  of  the  Middle  West, 
has  proved  a  far  more  tractable  species 
for  amelioration,  and  has  distinct  horti¬ 
cultural  promise.  w.  v.  F. 


ABOUT  QUINCE  CULTURE. 

J.  C.  B.,  Buchanan,  Midi. — Would  some¬ 
one  who  has  had  exncrienee  with  quinces 
tell  about  their  culture  and  care?  I  have 
17!j  trees  on  three-fourths  acre.  I  find  very 
little  concerning  them  in  any  of  the  farm 
papers. 

Ans. — Like  the  apple  the  quince  de¬ 
lights  in  a  cool,  moist  climate  or  one 
where  water  may  be  applied  by  irriga¬ 
tion.  The  soil  should  be  well  drained 
and  rich  in  plant  food  and  humus.  The 
quince  flourishes  in  both  clay  and  sandy 
soils  and  it  is  remarkable  how  well  the 
trees  often  do  in  those  that  seem  to  be 
thin  and  unfavorable.  They  should  be 
moist  rather  than  dry.  But  the  quince 
trees  will  well  repay  for  the  use  of  good 
soil  and  all  the  care  that  is  necessary  to 
bestow  upon  their  culture.  Plenty  of 
stable  manure  should  be  applied  and 
common  salt  is  thought  to  be  beneficial, 
by  inducing  moisture.  The  distance 
apart  to  plant  the  trees  is  about  one  rod, 
although  some  think  that  12  feet  is  a 
proper  distance,  I  would  prefer  more 
than  one  rod  rather  than  less.  There 
are  trees  growing  in  good  soil  that 


profitably  occupy  20  feet  and  if  given  the 
best  of  care  in  deep  soil  they  will  need 
that  much  room.  In  no  case  should  they 
be  less  than  15  feet. 

The  manner  of  training  the  trees  is 
not  fully  agreed  upon  by  those  who  are 
successful  growers.  Some  consider  the 
quince  a  mere  bush  and  train  it  accord¬ 
ingly.  But  while  as  much  and  as  good 
fruit  may  be  grown  on  trees  with  bushy 
stocks,  coming  from  the  base  without 
several  branches,  a  low,  single  trunk 
seems  the  better  way  to  train  the  trees. 
The  trunk  should  not  be  more  than  two 
feet  tall  and  one  foot  is  just  as  good  or 
better.  The  head  should  be  spread  out 
well  and  the  branches  not  be  allowed  to 
crowd  each  other  but  a  very  open  or 
vase-formed  center  is  not  approved. 
With  a  very  reasonable  amount  of  com¬ 
mon  sense  pruning  a  quince  tree  will 
naturally  assume  a  shapely  form.  The 
culture  necessary  is  such  as  almost  any 
orchard  requires.  Grass  and  weeds  are 
not  to  be  tolerated  until  the  trees  at¬ 
tain  bearing  age,  when  mowing  and 
mulching  will  do  very  well.  But  until 
that  time  the  cleanest  and  most  thorough 
tillage  should  be  practiced.  Crops  of 
vegetables  or  strawberries  may  be  grown 
among  the  trees  for  several  years  after 
they  are  planted,  but  when  they  attain 
sufficient  size  to  shade  half  the  ground 
and  permeate  it  with  their  roots  they 
should  have  the  entire  area.  The  va¬ 
rieties  of  the  quince  are  not  very  numer¬ 
ous,  and  all  of  them  are  good,  so  far 
as  I  have  tested  or  seen  them.  The  one 
called  Orange  or  Apple  is  about  the  best 
of  the  lot.  It  is  early,  large  and  of 
roundish  shape,  with  a  clear  golden  yel¬ 
low  color  when  ripe.  It  is  of  pure  quince 
flavor  and  is  good  stewed,  baked,  canned 
or  made  into  preserves.  I  once  made 
some  cider  from  a  lot  of  culls  that  was 
delicious.  The  Pear  or  Meech  is  another 
good  one.  It  is  not  quite  so  early  as  the 
Orange,  is  more  pear-shaped  and  has  a 
decided  neck.  The  color  is  clear  yel¬ 
low  and  the  flavor  excellent.  Van  De¬ 
man  is  one  of  the  lately  introduced  va¬ 
rieties,  having  been  originated  by  Luther 
Burbank  in  California.  It  is  much  like 
the  Orange  in  every  way  except  the  sea¬ 
son,  which  is  later.  It  has  been  tested 
and  found  to  be  suitable  where  other 
varieties  succeed.  Champion  is  another 
good  variety  and  a  late  one.  Rhea  and 
Missouri  are  two  more  good  kinds  but 
there  is  nothing  about  them,  so  far  as 
I  have  ever  seen,  to  warrant  their  plant¬ 
ing  instead  of  the  old  Orange,  and 
Meech.  However,  there  is  nothing 
against  them,  and  if  it  is  equally  or  more 
convenient  to  get  them  there  is  no  good 
reason  why  they  should  not  be  planted. 

H.  E.  .VAN  DEMAN. 


What  is  “  Swamp  Root  ?  ” 

W.,  Massachusetts. — Can  any  reader  of 
The  R.  N.-Y.  give  the  botanical  name  and 
furnish  any  facts  regarding  the  habitat, 
etc.,  of  a  plant  called  by  some  people 
swamp  root?  The  only  part  of  the  plant 
of  which  1  have  any  knowledge  is  the  seed- 
pod.  It  is  cylindrical,  nearly  black,  about 
three-quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and 
it  is  said  to  be  a  foot  in  length.  Between 
the  seeds  are  black  partitions  which  look 
and  taste  like  licorice.  Half  the  thickness 
of  the  seed  is  imbedded  in  this  partition. 
The  partition  with  the  impression  looks 
much  like  a  seal  on  a  letter,  impressed 
shape  on  the  seed. 

Ans. — Readers  are  invited  to  try  this, 
but  so  far  as  we  know  no  recognized 
drug  or  medicinal  plant  has  pods  of  the 
described  character.  Black  Indian  hemp 
or  Choctaw  root,  Apocynum  canna- 
binum,  has  a  slender  root  pod  or  follicle, 
four  inches  long,  and  the  pods  of  the 
swamp  milkweed,  Asclepias  incarnata, 
are  of  about  the  same  size  and  form. 
Both  grow  in  moist  places  and  the  roots 
are  used  in  medicine,  but  the  feathery 
seeds  in  both  cases  differ  from  your 
description.  If  a  portion  of  the  plant 
in  question  could  be  furnished  us  it 
could  probably  be  identified.  The  iden¬ 
tity  of  the  plant  used  in  a  kidney  re¬ 
medy  has  not  been  ascertained,  though 


many  analyses  have  been  attempted. 
No  plant  appears  to  be  popularly  known 
as  “swamp  root”  in  this  country,  and  it 
is  likely  that  the  name  was  invented  by 
proprietary  medicine  exploiters  for  pur¬ 
poses  of  mystification.  '  v. 


Fuel  for  the  Future. 

Under  its  policy  of  saving  natural  re¬ 
sources  for  the  people  the  United  States 
Government  has  withdrawn  from  entry  the 
following  coal  lands : 

Acres. 

Arizona  .  118,718 

California  .  23!), 903 

Colorado  .  5,8(50,763 

Idaho  .  8,266,509 

Montana  . 21,393,613 

New  Mexico  .  2,532,038 

Nevada  .  92,141 

North  Dakota  . 18,215,384 

Oregon  .  3,711 

South  Dakota  .  2,375,263 

Utah  .  6,128,923 

Washington  .  2,207,967 

Wyoming  . 10,711,875 

Total  area  . 78,152,808 

That  means  that  this  vast  tract  of  land 
containing  coal  will  not  be  taken  by  private 
persons  or  corporations  without  lease  or 
purchase.  These  deposits  of  coal  represent 
the  nation’s  greatest  natural  asset — prob¬ 
ably  greater  even  than  the  millions  of  water 
power  in  the  rivers.  In  addition  to  this,  it 
is  estimated  that  there  are  some  twelve 
billion  tons  of  dry  peat  in  swamps  which 
may  some  day  be  utilized. 


Stove  Ventilators. 

I  enclose  diagram  of  a  ventilating  devico 
we  have  been  using  about  a  year.  It  is 
very  good  and  does  not  injure  the  draft 
in  a  warming  stove.  In  the  cut  A  is  stove ; 


B,  stovepipe ;  C,  chimney ;  D,  t  jtilator 
pipe ;  E,  screen  of  No.  T8  wire  cloth ;  P, 
cap  below  wire  screen.  All  of  the  pipe 
should  be  riveted  together.  e.  n. 

Oregon. 


Suitable  Soil  for  Strawberries. 

What  kind  of  soil  do  you  consider  best 
for  strawberries?  I  have  tried  them  on 
red  clay  bottom  ground  heavily  manured 
and  failed.  I  bad  a  rank  growth  of  foliage, 
but  the  berries  were  very  small.  E.  D.  s. 

Williamstown,  W.  Va. 

From  choice  we  would  take  a  good  loam 
soil  and  have  it  well  drained.  A  clay  gets 
too  hard  in  dry  weather.  Get  such  a  soil 
full  of  organic  matter  by  plowing  in  ma¬ 
nure  or  green  crops.  Your  soil  was  too 
rich.  There  was  so  much  nitrogen  that 
the  tops  made  a  rank,  heavy  growth,  but 
they  could  not  mature  berries.  To  over¬ 
come  this  trouble  you  can  use  a  mixture  of 
potash  and  bone  or  potash  and  acid  phos¬ 
phate.  This,  with  the  manure,  will  make 
a  balanced  fertilizer. 


About  That  Kinky  Rope. 

If  N.  C.,  who  inquires  about  straighten¬ 
ing  ropes,  will  coil  his  rope  up  nicely  and 
put  it  into  a  wash  boiler,  cover  it  with 
water  and  boil  it  for  half  an  hour,  he  will 
have  no  more  trouble  with  the  twist  be¬ 
tween  the  fork  and  car.  If  the  rope  is  not 
unhitched  from  the  whiflletrec  while  the 
fork  is  returned  to  the  load,  sometimes  the 
driver  will  put  the  twist  into  the  rope  by 
turning  the  same  way  every  time.  For  in¬ 
stance,  turning  every  time  to  the  right  will 
turn  the  rope  over  every  time  around,  and 
in  unloading  10  loads  four  forkfuls  to  the 
load  will  make  40  extra  twists  in  the  rope. 
These  will  work  back  toward  the  end  of 
the  rope  and  cause  the  twist  between  the 
fork  and  car.  To  avoid  this  the  driver 
should  turn  part  of  the  time  to  the  left 
and  part  of  the  time  to  the  right. 

Whitney  Point,  N.  Y.  R.  E.  E. 


NEW  PLANT  IMMIGRANTS. 

Among  specimens  received  from  China  by 
the  Bureau  of  Plant  Introduction  are  bul¬ 
bils  of  a  Sagittaria  or  arrowhead,  known 
by  the  Cninese  as  “chi  koo,’”  the  tubers  of 
which  are  highly  esteemed  as  food,  being 
boiled  with  beef  or  pork.  Another  arrow¬ 
head  called  “ma  tai’’  is  also  very  popular. 
These  plants  are  grown  in  wet  places  like 
rice.  Arrowheads  are  common  aquatic 
plants,  but  we  have  no  knowledge  of  any 
use  of  them  as  food  here. 

Among  new  fruits  received  by  the  Bu¬ 
reau  we  find  apricots  from  Chinese  Turk¬ 
estan  which  withstand  a  considerable 
amount  of  alkali  in  the  soil  and  are  not 
hurt  by  great  fluctuations  in  temperature. 
Those  forms  nearly  all  have  sweet  kernels, 
replacing  almonds  in  local  consumption. 
One  variety  ripens  towards  the  cud  of 
August,  at  an  elevation  of  about  6,000 
feet,  where  it  is  so  cool  that  melons,  grapes 
and  peaches  do  not  ripen.  These  apricots 
are  to  be  tested  thoroughly,  especially  in 
the  West,  and  also  are  to  be  used  in  hy¬ 
bridization  experiments  with  native  plums, 
in  the  hope  of  creating  new  strains  of 
garden  fruits,  fit  to  withstand  severe  cold. 
A  plum  called  “Alutcha,”  also  received 
from  Chinese  Turkestan,  is  described  as  a 
fine  yellow  clingstone  which  ripens  iu  the 
latter  part  of  July,  but  can  be  kept  for  a 
few  months.  It  is  described  as  a  very  rare 
and  probably  new  variety  of  Central  Asian 
plum,  excellent  for  jellies  and  preserves. 


Formalin  for  Sterilizing  Soil. 

The  R.  N.-Y.  printed  some  weeks  ago  a 
plan  for  sterilizing  the  soil  of  plant  beds 
by  forcing  steam  under  a  bottomless  pan. 
Is  there  any  chemical  that  can  be  used 
for  this  purpose?  J.  s  k. 

Yes,  formalin,  the  same  thing  use  d  for 
soaking  potato  seed,  will  do  it.  The  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture  recommends  one 
pint  of  formalin  to  12%  gallons  of  water. 
This  was  gradually  sprinkled  over  the  bed 
at  the  rate  of  one  gallon  per  square  foot, 
taking  care  not  to  puddle  the  soil.  The 
bed  was  then  covered  with  burlap  or  sash 
to  hold  in  the  fumes.  Spring  treatment 
leaves  the  bed  wet  and  cold,  and  it  should 
not  be  sown  for  a  week  after  treatment, 
lest  the  formalin  still  in  the  soil  should 
kill  the  sprouting  seed.  Stirring  the  soil 
will  facilitate  the  evaporation  of  the  for¬ 
malin  and  excessive  moisture. 


Destructive  Cutworms. 

The  cutworms  are  something  fierce 
around  here.  I  dug  a  little  patch  for  truck, 
about  200  by  75  feet,  and  I  believe  I 
picked  a  pint  of  them  and  threw  them  to 
the  chickens.  Then  I  called  the  little 
peeps  in  (it  is  fenced)  and  I  locked  them 
in,  but  the  worms  are  still  cutting,  so  we 
put  paper  around  the  plants,  cabbage  and 
tomatoes.  It  is  rather  dry  here;  wheat 
and  rye  is  about  one-fourth  less  in  height 
of  straw  than  last  year.  Hay  looks  about 
one-half  crop ;  corn  and  oats  have  a  good 
start  if  favorable  weather  carries  them 
through.  e.  G. 

Pennsylvania. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  cutworms  are  “fierce’’  ev¬ 
erywhere  this  year.  We  never  had  so 
many  calls  for  help.  The  poisoned  “bait” 
which  we  have  often  described  will  get 
them,  but  it  gets  the  chickens  too. 


Separating  Vetch  and  Rye. — For  sepa¬ 
rating  vetch  and  rye  let  M.  Morse,  page  603, 
make  a  screen  10  feet  long,  of  slats  to 
somewhat  resemble  a  window  blind,  with 
slat  lapping,  and  open  one-eighth  to  three- 
sixteenths  of  an  inch.  Have  a  blank  board 
at  top,  elevate  so  that  the  slats  will  be 
level.  Feed  the  vetch  and  rye  on  slowly 
and  give  a  shaking  motion.  I  think  the 
vetch  will  roll  to  the  bottom  and  the  rye 
will  not  go  far,  but  will  fall  through  the 
cracks.  ,  f.  ii.  s. 

New  York. 

Need  of  a  Parcels  Post. — We  had  a 
wheel  sprayer  weighing  200  pounds  shipped 
from  Canton,  O.,  to  our  place.  It  was 
handled  by  two  railroad  companies,  and  the 
freight  on  it  was  82  cents.  A  casting  weigh¬ 
ing  about  three  pounds  was  broken  and  a 
duplicate  ordered.  This  was  sent  by  the 
Pacific  Express  from  Canton  to  Delphi  di¬ 
rect.  and  the  charge  was  40  cents,  82  cents 
for  200  pounds  by  freight,  40  cents  for  three 
pounds  by  express.  Give  us  parcels  post  to 
head  off  such  robberies.  J.  H.  H. 

Delphi,  Ind. 

Plant  Physiology,  with  Special  Refer¬ 
ence  to  Plant  Production,  by  Dr.  15.  M. 
Duggar.  This  book  is  intended  especially 
for  the  student  and  each  chapter  includes 
laboratory  work  iu  connection  with  the  sub¬ 
ject  treated.  The  structure  of  plants,  their 
requirements,  and  the  processes  by  which 
they  absorb  nutriment  is  lucidly  discussed  ; 
growth,  variation  and  heredity  all  come  in 
for  consideration.  Dr.  Duggar  says  that 
plant  physiology  finds  its  practical  appli¬ 
cation  in  plant  production,  to  which  it 
stands  in  much  the  same  relation  as  does 
industrial  chemistry  to  general  manufactur¬ 
ing.  There  is  an  increasing  realization  of 
this  fact  among  practical  farmers  and 
gardeners,  as  well  as  teachers  and  stu¬ 
dents  in  scientific  lines.  The  book  contains 
516  pages,  144  illustrations  and  a  copious 
index.  Published  by  the  Macmillan  Com¬ 
pany,  New  York ;  price  $1.60  net,  postage 
17  cents  additional. 


1911. 


687 


M'tTLS  RURAL 


NEW-YORKER 


More  About  Cement  Roofs. 

D.  E.  S.,  Old  Chatham,  N.  Y. — What  is 
the  proper  amount  of  cement  for  a  given 
area  of  roof?  Would  you  recommend  ce¬ 
ment  roof  for  dwellings  or  have  you  any 
objection  to  it? 

Ans. — By  mixing  the  cement  one  part 
to  three  of  sand,  V/2  sacks  of  cement 
will  cover  10  feet  square  two  inches 
thick,  which  I  think  is  heavy  enough  for 
any  ordinary  roof  if  reinforced  in  a 
systematic  manner  with  wires  or  any 
convenient  material  you  might  have  at 
hand  that  would  answer  the  purpose. 
The  only  objection  to  cement  roofs  for 
dwellings  that  I  could  name  would  be 
they  are  pretty  hot  when  exposed  to  the 
glare  of  a  midsummer  sun,  but  no  hot¬ 
ter  than  metal.  Cement  roofs  do  not 
need  so  much  pitch,  and  a  great  deal  of 
material  can  be  saved  in  that  way.  Also 
by  using  a  little  brain  work  a  cement 
gutter  can  easily  be  worked  in  at  the 
eaves  and  another  expense  stopped.  The 
only  point  that  requires  any  mechanical 
skill  is  in  building  the  form.  If  the 
support  is  built  firm,  true  and  workman¬ 
like,  the  cement  will  be  just  exactly  like 
it.  w.  A.  B. 


Improving  an  Icehouse. 

J.  M.  F.,  Dalton,  Pa.— In  1909  I  built  a 
stone  icehouse,  using  waste  stones  from 
quarry.  They  were  laid  up  dry  and  after 
the  walls  were  finished  they  were  pointed 
up  well  outside  and  inside.  The  wall  start¬ 
ed  some  2.5  to  three  feet  below  the  surface 
of  the  ground.  The  floor  was  concreted  and 
sloped  to  the  center,  where  a  terra  cotta 
pipe  was  taken  out  of  a  square  well  about 
four  inches  lower  than  the  bottom.  The 
pipe  started  about  two  to  2.5  inches  above 
the  bottom  of  the  square  well  and  a  gallon 
jar  was  placed  over  the  end  of  the  pipe, 
thus  forming  a  trap.  In  this  terra  cotta 
line  outside  the  building  a  running  trap 
was  placed.  When  we  were  ready  to  fill 
the  house  wo  laid  down  2x3s  and  2x4 s  and 
put  the  Ice  on  them.  We  did  this  so  that 
the  ice  would  not  lie  on  the  concrete.  In 
packing  the  ice  we  broke  joints  each  layer 
and  put  six  inches  of  sawdust  all  the  way 
around  between  the  ice  and  the  walls.  The 
ice  did  not  keep  well  last  year ;  seemed  to 
thaw  from  the  under  side.  Last  Winter 
when  we  were  ready  to  fill  the  house  we 
spread  four  or  five  inches  of  sawdust  on 
the  bottom  before  packing.  The  ice  so  far 
is  keeping  better  than  it  did  last  year. 
There  are  no  holes  or  depressions  in  the 
under  side  of  the  cakes  as  there  was  last 
year,  but  the  whole  body  seems  to  be  set¬ 
tling  down.  Can  you  suggest  any  better 
method  of  packing,  or  should  the  bottom  be 
changed?  It  does  not  seem  as  though  the 
drainage  could  be  improved  upon.  All  the 
drip  or  water  made  by  the  melting  of  the 
ice  must  go  to  the  center  and  go  out 
through  the  pipe  and  no  air  can  get  back 
through  both  traps.  I  covered  the  building 
with  a  shingle  roof,  putting  large  ventila¬ 
tors  in  each  gable. 

Ans. — Judging  from  the  statements 
made  in  the  description  the  general  plan 
of  construction  seems  to  be  all  that  can 
be  desired.  The  statements  regarding 
the  difficulty  appear  to  indicate  that 
there  is  too  much  ventilation.  If  the 
gable  windows  are  continuously  open, 
so  that  a  free  circulation  of  air  takes 
place  through  the  ice  chamber,  the  suc¬ 
tion  may  be  sufficient  to  continually 
draw  out  the  air  from  around  and  un¬ 
der  the  ice,  thus  continually  carrying 
out  the  cooled  air,  probably  from  one 
or  the  other  end,  according  to  the  direc¬ 
tion  of  the  wind,  which  is  replaced  by 
warm  air  from  the  outside,  causing  the 
melting.  The  only  object  in  ven¬ 
tilating  an  ice  house  is  to  prevent  the 
roof  from  becoming  too  hot,  so  that  it 
acts  as  a  heated  radiator,  melting  the 
ice  from  above.  If  there  is  head-room 
to  permit,  a  floor  laid  on  joists,  perhaps 
supported  by  the  rafters  a  foot  or  so 
above  the  plate,  and  this  covered  with 
dij  sawdust  or  hay,  entirely  shutting 
the  space  containing  the  ice  off  from 
possibility  of  ventilation  above,  making 
the  ice  chamber  a  dead  air  space,  we 
think  would  make  the  ice  keep  much 
better.  Any  method  of  insulating  the 
roof  so  as  to  avoid  that  source  of  heat, 
thus  permitting  the  windows  to  be 
closed  so  as  to  stop  the  air  suction, 
would  have  the  desired  effect.  A  ceiling 
could  be  run  up  the  rafters  in  such  a 


way  as  to  give  a  foot  space  between  the 
ceiling  and  the  roof  boards,  and  this 
space  filled  with  sawdust  or  some  other 
insulator  to  cut  off  the  heat,  and  then 
close  the  ice  house  tight,  eliminating 
air  suction.  f.  h.  king. 

Steaming  Pan  for  Sterilizing  Plant  Bed. 

J.  K.  L.,  Troy,  Pa. — On  page  425  Mr. 
Sbamel  describes  a  heavy  pan  for  steaming 
a  plant  bed  in  order  to  sterilize  the  soil. 
I  would  like  to  know  material,  iron  or  steel, 
and  what  weight  material?  Iam  thinking 
about  having  one  made,  and  the  machinist 
wanted  it  so  heavy  no  two  men  could  handle 
it. 

Ans. — I  have  used  both  18  and  26 
gauge  with  equally  good  results.  When 
the  lighter  weight  is  used,  I  have  sup¬ 
ported  it  by  using  an  angle  iron  frame¬ 
work.  The  angle  iron,  if  attached  to 
the  edges  of  the  pan,  protects  the  edges 
as  well  as  supports  the  pan.  I  would 
recommend,  from  experience,  the  use  of 
light  galvanized  iron  or  steel,  in  order 
to  avoid  heavy  lifts  in  moving  the  pan. 
It  ought  to  be  of  such  weight  that  two 
men  can  lift  it  a. id  move  it  from  place 
to  place.  Then  with  one  man  to  fire  the 
engine,  and  the  other  to  attend  to  the 
pan,  preventing  the  steam  escaping  un¬ 
der  the  edges,  etc.,  two  men  can  attend 
to  the  entire  operation  easily.  The 
heavier  weight  of  iron  has  only  the  ad¬ 
vantage  of  longer  life.  If  the  light  pan 
lifts  under  the  steam  pressure,  lay  a 
post  or  weight  on  it  to  hold  it  in  place. 

A.  D.  SHAMEL. 


Adobe  for  Farm  Buildings. 

The  Colorado  Experiment  Station  issues 
a  bulletin,  No.  174,  giving  some  facts  about 
adobe  as  a  building  material.  The  dic¬ 
tionary  tells  us  that  adobe  is  a  sun¬ 
burned  brick,  really  a  mixture  of  mud  and 
straw  sun-baked  iu  a  dry  climate.  We 
should  judge  from  this  that  the  bricks 
which  the  Israelites  were  obliged  to  make 
when  in  Egypt  were  a  form  of  this  adobe. 
In  the  dry  regions  of  Colorado  this  mate¬ 
rial  is  quite  largely  used  in  building  walls 
and  houses  of  various  kinds,  so  much  so 
that  the  college  has  seen  fit  to  describe 
its  handling.  Thirty  years  ago  on  the 
plains  we  saw  many  sod  houses.  These 
were  built  by  piling  up  walls  of  sod  iu  the 
shape  of  a  house  with  a  roof  over  them. 
Ofttimes  the  sod  house  was  plastered  in¬ 
side.  The  trouble  with  the  “soddy,”  so- 
called,  is  that  the  walls  settle  and  crack 
so  that  the  plaster  gives  way.  The  sod 
wall  also  is  an  ideal  places  for  rats  and 
mice.  The  adobe,  however,  makes  a  perma¬ 
nent  structure.  In  order  to  build  it  in  Col¬ 
orado  the  station's  directions  are  to  select 
a  patch  of  the  prairie  where  the  grass  is 
thick  and  t,  and  plow  a  thick  sod.  Select 
a  place  near  the  water  supply  and  haul  your 
sod  and  spread  it  iu  a  circle  not  to  extend 
12  or  14  feet  in  diameter,  making  the  pile 
about  eight  inches  deep.  Throw  water  on 
this  pile  until  it  is  wet  through,  then  get 
on  a  horse  and  lead  one  or  two  others  so 
that  the  horses  will  tramp  around  and 
around  on  this  sod,  turning  very  short. 
Water  all  the  dry  places  and  keep  on 
tramping  with  the  horses  and ‘wetting  until 
the  whole  mass  is  tramped  into  a  form  of 
muck.  Take  a  manure  fork  and  throw  all 
the  outer  edges  of  the  mass  towards  the 
center,  wet  the  dry  places  again  and  keep 
on  tramping.  If  you  cannot  get  sod  with 
plenty  of  grass  and  roots  throw  in  straw, 
hay  or  trash  of  any  kind  and  tramp  it 
thoroughly  into  the  soil,  keep  it  up  until 
it  is  all  turned  into  mud  with  the  grass 
or  straw  thoroughly  mixed  through  it.  A 
concrete  wall  should  be  built  as  the  foun¬ 
dation  of  the  house ;  then  this  mud  or 
muck  is  piled  upon  this  foundation,  spread¬ 
ing  about  one  or  two  inches  on  each  side. 
Let  this  dry  and  then  put  on  more.  When 
about  a  foot  has  been  placed  on  the  wall 
let  it  stand  until  it  is  firm  but  not  too 
dry.  Boards  of  the  proper  width  of  the 
wall  may  be  used  to  hold  the  muck,  much 
the  same  as  the  form  for  concrete.  Before 
the  mud  gets  entirely  dry  take  a  hay  knife 
and  shave  off  the  inside  so  as  to  leave  an 
even  surface.  The  walls  are  built  up  day 
after  day  with  this  material,  letting  them 
dry  out  and  thoroughly  bake  in  the  sun. 
It  will  seem  like  a  strange  thing  to  many 
of  our  eastern  readers  that  houses  can 
lie  built  in  this  way,  but  on  the  dry  plains, 
this  abode  actually  makes  a  strong  and 
permanent  wall,  and  if  it  is  kept  off  the 
surface  of  the  ground  by  concrete  it  will 
remain  durable  for  many  years.  The  roof 
can  be  made  of  shingles  or  of  iron.  High 
winds  blow  in  that  country  and  in  order 
to  hold  the  roof  securely  14-inch  iron  bolts 
are  put  through  short  pieces  of  2  x  4 
wood.  This  wood  is  planted  in  the  walls 
as  they  are  built,  so  that  the  bolts  rise 
above  the  wall  and  are  fastened  into  the 
roof. 


Spraying  and  Rain. 

We  are  just  now  in  the  midst  of  spraying 
our  apple  and  pear  orchards,  May  24 ;  the 
present  is  the  third  time  over.  This,  to¬ 
gether  with  all  the  other  Spring  plowing 
and  planting  keeps  us  all  out  of  mischief. 
Receipt  rains  have  given  all  vegetation  a 
wonderful  start ;  fair  prospects  of  a  fruit 
crop,  particularly  apples,  irving  d.  cook. 

Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Some  have  claimed  one  hour’s  sunshine 
on  spray  would  make  results  sure.  I 
would  certainly  finish  all  before  doubling 
up  on  account  of  rain.  General  practice 
about  here  is  to  disregard  effect  of  rain. 
Young  fruits  are  growing  very  fast  and 
ideal  spray  period  is  unusually  short.  We 
applied  2,450  gallons  May  22,  with  one  rig, 
filling  with  rotary  pump  and  1,350  gallons 
to-day  from  9  a.  m.  to  5.10  p.  m. 

Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y.  e.  w.  catciipole. 

Personally  I  have  so  much  spraying  to 
do  that  we  are  not  in  the  habit  of  going 
over  the  trees  again  after  a  shower.  How¬ 
ever,  I  find  that  the  spray  we  are  using 
now,  the  homemade  lime  and  sulphur,  with 
the  arsenate  of  lead,  gets  dry  very  rapidly, 
and  I  do  not  think  very  much  of  it  washes 
off.  It  would  be  better  to  go  over  them 
again,  but  if  it  had  not  been  washed  off 
the  second  lot  might  burn  the  trees.  I 
had  some  leaves  burned  recently  by  using  a 
double  dose.  The  Summer  spray  not  show¬ 
ing  very  well,  a  new  man  was  sent  to  finish 
up  an  orchard,  and  some  of  the  trees  were 
sprayed  twice  and  the  leaves  burned.  I 
have  just  finished  putting  out  20,000  gal¬ 
lons  of  the  Summer  spray.  Our  section  is 
doing  more  spraying  than  any  before.  Ap¬ 
ples  not  setting  well. 

Virginia.  Samuel  s.  guerraxt. 


Getting  Rid  of  Garlic. 

How  can  I  get  rid  of  wild  garlic?  I  have 
about  one  acre  that  is  just  full  of  it;  have 
plowed  it  four  times,  but  it  does  not  seem 
to  kill  it  out.  I  have  tried  pulling  it,  but 
it  is  rather  slow  work.  Is  there  any  kind 
of  spray  that  I  could  use,  or  any  other  rem¬ 
edy  that  might  kill  it?  f.  h. 

Mount  Healthy,  O. 

We  do  not  know  of  any  sure  method  ex¬ 
cept  thorough  cultivation.  Plowing  alone 
will  not  do  it — hand  hoeing  or  digging 
will  be  needed.  Salt  dropped  on  the  plants 
will  kill  them.  A  spray  of  strong  brine 
might  kill  the  tops,  but  the  roots  will  be 
filive.  Can  anyone  give  a  sure  method? 


Notes  on  Vetch. — My  experience  with 
vetch  is  from  England,  and  I  think  very 
highly  of  it;  planted  mostly  with  oats  to 
keep  them  up  they  make  fine  feed  cut  just 
as  the  first  pods  form  and  fed  green  daily 
or  cured  for  hay.  Even  grown  alone  they 
do  well,  and  for  seed  should  be  by  them¬ 
selves.  Most  of  the  oats  can  be  blown 
out,  or  removed  as  one  of  your  correspond¬ 
ents  suggested  in  a  former  number  to  sepa¬ 
rate  them.  They  grow  where  field  peas 
will.  I  am  glad  they  are  becoming  popu¬ 
lar;  they  should  be.  j.  l. 

Cove,  Ore. 

Plowing  Under  Canada  Peas. — T  think 
your  correspondent  will  find  no  trouble  in 
turning  under  a  crop  of  field  peas  if  he 
will  use  a  rolling  cutter  in  place  of  a  knife 
cutter,  and  a  chain  for  drawing  down  the 
peas.  An  ordinary  log  chain  will  do,  and 
may  be  weighted  by  attaching  an  old  plow 
share  to  the  middle  of  it  ( the  chain)  is 
found  to  be  too  light.  Attach  one  end  of 
the  chain  to  the  clevis  of  the  off  horse — in 
other  words  to  the  right  end  of  the  evener 
— and  the  other  end  to  the  beam  of  the 
plow  just  back  of  the  coulter.  The  middle 
of  the  chain  should  drag  in  the  furrow,  just 
in  front  of  tile  mould  board,  and  will,  if 
properly  weighted  and  adjusted  to  the  right 
length,  draw  down  the  peas  so  that  the 
furrow  will  completely  cover  them. 

c.  s.  M. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


COMES  A  TIME 

When  Coffee  Shows  What  It  Has  Been 
Doing. 


“Of  late  years  coffee  has  diagreed  with 
me,’’  writes  a  matron  from  Rome,  N.  Y. 

“Its  lightest  punishment  being  to  make 
me  ‘logy’  and  dizzy,  and  it  seemed  to 
thicken  up  my  blood. 

“The  heaviest  was  when  it  upset  my 
stoinach  completely,  destroying  my  ap¬ 
petite  and  making  me  nervous  and  irri¬ 
table,  and  sent  me  to  ray  bed.  After  one 
of  these  attacks,  in  which  I  nearly  lost 
my  life,  I  concluded  to  quit  the  coffee 
and  try  Postum. 

“It  went  right  to  the  spot !  I  found  it 
not  only  a  most  palatable  and  refreshing 
beverage,  but  a  food  as  well. 

"All  my  ailments,  the  ‘loginess’  and 
dizziness,  the  unsatisfactory  condition  of 
my  blood,  my  nervousness  and  irritabil¬ 
ity  disappeared  in  short  order  and  my 
sorely  afflicted  stomach  began  quickly  to 
recover.  I  began  to  rebuild  and  have 
steadily  continued  until  now.  Have  a 
good  appetite  and  am  rejoicing  in  sound 
health  which  I  owe  to  the  use  of  Pos¬ 
tum.’’  Name  given  by  Postum  Co.,  Bat¬ 
tle  Creek,  Mich. 

Read  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs.  “There’s  a  reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
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“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


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City,  Michigan,  located  at  Union  City,  itt  the 
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q:HE;  RUKAIi  NEW-YORKER 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


On  Decoration  Day  it  had  become  a  ques¬ 
tion  of  rain  or  rye  with  us.  A  serious 
drought  was  on  band.  With  only  a  few  light 
showers  and  cold,  dry  winds  blowing,  the 
soil  on  our  hills  was  baking.  The  rock  is 
close  to  the  surface  in  many  places.  Last 
Fall  most  of  this  land  was  seeded  to  rye 
late  in  the  Fall.  You  know  how  this  late 
seeded  rye  acts.  It  crawls  along  through 
April  and  early  May  like  a  boy  who  hates 
school.  Then,  about  May  15  it  suddenly 
Wakes  up  and  grows  faster  than  anything 
else  on  the  farm.  When  it  makes  such  rapid 
growth  it  sucks  the  water  from  the  soil  as 
if  thousands  of  little  pumps  were  at  work. 
We  had  planned  to  plow  strips  six  feet  wide 
on  both  sides  of  the  tree  rows  and  leave  20- 
foot  strips  of  rye  to  mature.  The  soil  was 
so  hard  that  plowing  was  difficult  and  there 
was  not  moisture  enough  for  both  rye  and 
trees.  It  was  therefore  rain  or  rye— that  is, 
we  must  have  a  good  rain  or  cut  the  green 
rye  and  bank  it  around  the  trees. 

During  the  past  25  years  there  have  been 
but  three  times  without  a  rain  on  Decora¬ 
tion  Day.  That  is  a  good  average  to  bank 
on.  During  the  day  clouds  formed  and 
perhaps  a  dozen  drops  fell  upon  the  farm, 
but  night  came  with  a  clear  sky  and  it 
looked  like  “rye.”  In  the  morning,  however, 
the  rain  started.  It  was  a  slow,  gentle 
rain,  just  right  for  getting  down  into  the 
ground.  It  kept  up  more  or  less  through 
the  day  and  soaked  down  below  the  point 
of  the  plow.  So  we  let  most  of  the  rye 
stand.  Some  of  it  is  light.  The  heads  are 
small  and  the  grain  is  poor.  Such  rye  will 
be  cut.  Part  of  it  will  be  used  for  fodder 
or  bedding,  and  the  rest  piled  around  the 
trees.  Another  year  we  expect  to  use  vetch 
with  our  earlier  rye  seeding  and  plow  it  all 
under.  The  young  orchards  are  now  coming 
into  bearing  and  they  will  be  pushed  along. 
We  have  not  forced  our  trees  yet,  as  I  would 
rather  let  them  make  a  sound  and  steady 
growth  up  to  bearing  age.  When  they  begin 
to  show  fruit  it  is  time  to  crowd  them.  This 
rain  seems  to  insure  a  fair  grass  crop  and 
to  save  the  berries. 

Milk  Record. — During  the  week  ending 
June  4  the  cow  gave  234  pounds  of  milk. 
This  makes  a  total  of  1,414  pounds  since  we 
got  her.  At  four  cents  a  pound  this  means 
.$50.50.  A  woman  told  me  once  that  she 
made  half  of  the  living  for  her  family  from 
a  good  cow.  She  tried  all  ways  and  made 
more  by  selling  the  cream  and  using  the 
skim  milk  as  food.  She  was  in  a  town 
where  there  was  a  good  demand  for  small 
lots  of  cream.  I  have  no  doubt  that  cow 
earned  $250  a  year  for  that  woman.  Yet, 
if  she  had  tried  to  keep  five  cows,  she  would 
probably  have  lost  money.  I  am  sure  that 
for  our  children  a  pound  of  good  milk  is 
worth  more  than  a  pound  of  meat.  We  do 
not  let  the  children  eat  meat  anyway,  ex¬ 
cept  it  may  be  a  piece  of  bacon  or  chicken 
now  and  thep.  I  know  how  dairymen  feel 
when  some  one  comes  up  with  the  record  of 
one  cow.  I  have  people  come  and  tell  me 
how  they  pick  $15  worth  of  peaches  from 
one  tree.  Then  they  tell  me  I  ought  to 
make  that  average  on  500  trees.  I  ought  to 
do  many  things.  When  it  comes  to  figuring 
the  cost  of  things,  take  our  Sunday  dinner. 
We  had  two  big  Brahma  roosters  roasted. 
At  the  Washington  Market  in  New  York 
such  birds  would  have  cost  me  $2.50.  Six 
quarts  of  berries  at  present  prices  would  be 
00  cents.  The  asparagus,  lettuce  and  po¬ 
tatoes  would  cost  at  least  50  cents,  and  the 
cream,  milk  and  bread  and  butter  would 
have  cost  at  least  75  cents  if  bought  at  re¬ 
tail.  There  you  have  $4.65  for  10  young 
folks  and  children  and  seven  adults.  Sup¬ 
pose  I  had  taken  my  gang  to  an  ordinary 
restaurant  and  ordered  the  same  kind  of  a 
dinner.  It  would  have  cost  at  least  $7.50, 
and  less  food  at  that.  These  farmers  cer¬ 
tainly  live  high  ! 

Locusts. — Our  folks  pay  no  attention  to 
them.  A  picture  of  a  Hope  Farm  locust  is 
shown  at  Fig.  244.  They  come  out  of  the 
ground  looking  something  like  a  May  beetle. 
They  crawl  up  the  trees  and  suddenly  split 
up  the  back— the  insect  shown  in  the  pic¬ 
ture  coming  out.  In  many  of  our  trees  you 
may  find  dozens  of  those  split-back  shells 
still  clinging  to  the  wood.  Those  who  can 
hear  tell  me  there  is  a  constant  humming 
noise  where  these  locusts  abound.  Thus  far 
I  have  not  found  any  evidence  of  damage  to 
the  trees.  I  would  spend  no  time  trying  to 
fight  them.  There  seems  to  be  more  of  them 
on  some  nearby  farms  than  on  ours.  In 
order  to  be  on  the  safe  side  we  did  little 
pruning  this  Spring,  but  as  it  has  turned 
out  we  might  have  handled  the  trees  as 
usual.  I  will  leave  word  for  those  who  live 
here  17  years  hence  to  go  ahead  with  their 
regular  plans  and  disregard  the  locusts. 

“Heatless.  Brooding.”  —  Our  children 
have  tried  the  new  plan  of  making  young 
poultry  provide  their  own  heat.  Early  in 
May  we  had  56  White  Leghorn  baby  chicks 
come  by  express.  They  were  simply  put  in 
a  light  box  with  muslin  tacked  over  the  top. 
After  the  trip  of  nearly  300  miles  they  were 


in  fine  condition — all  alive.  They  have 
never  been  in  a  heated  brooder.  At  night 
the  girls  bring  them  in  and  keep  them  in  a 
box  in  a  warm  room.  By  day  they  run  in  a 
little  movable  coop  on  the  lawn.  A  few 
died  and  the  cats  got  a  few  that  ran  out  of 
the  coop,  but  the  rest  are  as  strong  and 
lively  as  any  we  ever  had.  We  are  also 
raising  some  turkeys  in  much  the  same  way. 
One  turkey  hen  started  in  on  a  stolen  nest 
and  stuck  to  it  about  three  weeks.  Then 
she  left  and  started  laying  again.  I  found 
the  eggs  deserted  at  nightfall.  They  were 
quite  cold  and  as  there  was  no  other  place 
we  put  them  in  an  incubator  on  top  of  some 
hens’  eggs.  There  they  stayed,  and,  strange 
to  say,  six  out  of  nine  hatched.  They  are 
being  raised  much  like  the  Leghorn  chicks — 
brought  into  the  house  at  night  and  yarded 
by  day  in  little  coops  on  the  lawn.  And  the 
foolish  and  neglectful  hen  turkey  comes 
walking  around  the  coop  calling  to  her  chil¬ 
dren.  I  can  imagine  her  talking  about  this 
way :  “Come  on  with  me.  I  can  show  you 
where  the  fat  locusts  are.  These  girls  do 
not  know  how  to  take  care  of  you.  Break 
out  and  come  with  your  mother  where  these 
worthless  human  nurses  cannot  keep  you 
confined.”  And  they  would  be  silly  enough 
to  follow  her  if  they  could  get  away.  She 
would  lead  them  a  long  march  through  mud 
and  wet  grass  and  when  they  draggled  be¬ 
hind  leave  them  to  cats  or  wild  animals. 
Yet  no  doubt  both  mother  and  children 
curse  us  for  the  restraint.  I  have  known 
similar  minded  humans. 

All  Sorts. — The  first  ripe  strawberries 
were  found  May  28 — the  first  good  mess 
June  1.  Now  let  us  see  how  long  they  last. 
These  were  Michel’s  Early,  still  the  earliest 
variety  I  have  found.  In  quality  and  ap¬ 
pearance  they  would  not  suit  our  trade  and 
we  do  not  sell  them.  We  just  have  enough 
for  our  own  early  eating  and  some  to  can. 
When  the  Marshalls  ripen  there  is  nothing 
else  for  our  people.  .  .  .  “Where’s  my 

money !”  The  four  younger  children  are 
hard  creditors.  They  can  drop  potatoes 
and  corn  and  can  hoe  or  weed  for  nearly  an 
hour  at  a  time.  They  are  paid — sometimes 


THE  SEVENTEEN  YEAR  LOCUST.  Fig.  244 

the  munificent  sum  of  five  cents  for  what 
they  do  in  a  day  !  The  little  four-year-old 
red  head  was  as  proud  as  she  was  dirty  and 
sweaty  because  she  earned  two  cents  for 
dropping  pumpkin  seed.  But  they  chase  me 
all  over  the  farm  demanding  their  pay. 
.  .  .  In  spite  of  dry  weather  and  cut¬ 

worms  we  never  had  a  better  garden  at  this 
season.  Just  now  we  can  supply  radishes, 
onions,  spinach,  lettuce,  with  turnips  nearly 
ready.  Every  year  I  feel  more  and  more 
inclined  to  stir  up  the  farmers  who  have  no 
garden.  You  cannot  imagine  what  you  miss 
ana  what  you  might  save.  A  boy  or  some 
elderly  man  might  take  a  garden  and  make 
it  the  best  part  of  the  farm.  .  .  .  The 

boy  has  his  acre  of  potatoes  planted.  The 
work  was  done  by  hand.  The  crop  is  on  a 
piece  of  land  which  was  for  years  a  bad 
eyesore.  Last  year  we  drained  it  and  put  in 
late  cabbage.  The  soil  is  rich,  as  all  nat¬ 
urally  wet  land  is  when  you  once  get  it 
drained.  The  plowing  and  fitting  were  done 
as  well  as  we  knew  how,  the  seed  is  good 
and  we  are  sure  of  the  fertilizer.  It  re¬ 
mains  to  fight  weeds,  bugs  and  blight.  Let 
us  see  how  far  into  a  college  course  these 
potatoes  will  roll  the  boy.  .  .  .  We  got 

a  fair  seeding  of  clover  in  several  places 
where  we  tried  before  and  failed.  As  this 
clover  comes  into  bloom  we  find  what  was 
expected — 65  per  cent,  of  it  is  Aisike!  We 
mixed  seed  oi  Aisike  and  Red  together. 
This  confirms  what  I  have  long  believed, 
that  the  Aisike  is  much  surer  than  red  on 
hard,  sour  or  damp  soil.  In  our  country  I 
should  always  mix  the  seed. 

“A  Man’s  Job.” — Last  week  I  heard  a 
man  finding  fault  because  women  had  driven 
men  out  of  city  work.  This  man  is  like 
many  others — untrained.  He  can  do  sev¬ 
eral  things  quite  well  as  an  amateur,  but 
when  it  comes  to  the  things  for  which  peo¬ 
ple  must  pay  a  high  price  he  falls  out.  He 
is  not  a  skilled  bookkeeper  or  salesman  or 
lawyer  or  an  expert  in  anything.  About  all 
he  can  do  is  write  a  good  hand  and  do  fair 
figuring.  Now,  25  years  ago  men  of  that 
sort  found  work,  directing  envelopes  or  writ¬ 
ing  out  records  or  similar  clerical  jobs.  Now 
such  work  is  almost  entirely  done  by  women 
and  girls.  They  do  it  cheaper,  quicker  and 
are  more  neat  about  it  than  men.  They 


have  driven  men  out  of  the  job  and  the 
employers  have  made  the  difference  between 
men’s  price  and  girls’  price.  Now,  this  man 
I  spoke  of  complained  and  said  such  a  con¬ 
dition  was  wicked.  That  set  me  to  investi¬ 
gating.  We  interviewed  about  25  girls  who 
do  this  class  of  work.  All  but  one,  or  24,  give 
all  or  the  greater  part  of  the  money  they 
earn  directly  for  the  family  support.  It 
goes  to  help  father  and  mother  take  care  of 
the  family.  With  25  single  men  doing  the 
same  work  and  charging  25  per  cent,  more 
for  it,  I  doubt  if  15  per  cent,  of  the  money 
would  be  spent  outside  of  their  own  wants ! 
Women  will  work  more  and  more  into  these 
city  jobs  and  drive  the  unskilled  men  away. 
It  is  a  hopeless  outlook  for  the  boy  who 
cannot  do  some  one  thing  well.  The  average 
farm  boy  can  be  little  but  a  hanger  on  in 
the  city.  In  the  country  he  has  a  chance  to 
have  a  business  and  a  home.  h.  w.  c. 

ORCHARD  HENS  IN  MEXICO. 

I  have  read  with  much  interest  the 
production  of  eggs  by  a  good  many 
flocks  of  hens.  I  have  a  flock  of  36 
hens  and  running  with  them  four 
roosters.  Thirty-five  of  these  hens  are 
purebred  Barred  Rocks,  the  other  one 
has  perhaps  a  dozen  black  points  of 
feathers.  I  began  a  careful  and  ac¬ 
curate  record  of  eggs  produced  by  these 
hens  and  the  feed  consumed.  They 
have  one  acre  of  ground,  one-fourth  in 
Alfalfa,  one-fourth  in  Dwarf  Essex 
rape,  and  the  remainder  in  ordinary 
grass.  This  acre  is  an  orchard  and 

has  orange,  lime,  guava  and  peaches. 
These  trees  furnish  good  shade.  I  have 
no  henhouse,  but  I  have  a  shed  closed 
on  north  and  west  sides  where  they 
roost.  The  eggs  produced  for  the  year 
by  the  months  as  follows  and  prices 
ranging  here: 


1910 

No. 

Price  of  egg 

February  . 

....  936 

.05 

March  . 

_ 1,012 

.04 

April  . 

_ 1,008 

.04 

May  . 

....  1,001 

.03 

June  . 

....  1,036 

.03 

July  . 

....  987 

.05 

August  . 

....  951 

.06 

September  . 

....  749 

.06 

<  ictober  . 

....  201 

.08 

November  . 

....  142 

.08 

December,  . 

.07 

January,  1911  . . . . 

....  927 

.06 

Total  . 

- 9,557 

.05  5-12 

Average  per  hen  265^  eggs  at  5  5-12 
cents  each,  or  $14.37J4  per  hen  per  year. 
This  is  in  Mexican  currency.  Each  hen 
cost  me  for  feed,  exclusive  of  rape  and 
Alfalfa,  $1.66,  or  net  per  hen,  $12.71^ 
Mexican  currency,  which  is  equal  to 
$6.36  per  hen  for  the  year,  American 
currency.  I  fed  in  the  mornings  gen¬ 
erally  wheat  and  cracked  corn  in  among 
the  Alfalfa  and  rape,  and  it  was  scat¬ 
tered  pretty  thin  so  that  they  had  to 
work  fast  and  a  long  time  to  get  it. 
At  noon  they  had  a  tolerably  dry  mash 
of  bran  and  shorts  mixed  with  suffi¬ 
cient  water  or  skim-milk  to  be  crumbly. 
In  this  we  put  sufficient  red  pepper  to 
make  it  susceptible  also  salt  and  mus¬ 
tard  a  little.  At  night  the  same  mash 
and  whole  corn  and  wheat;  sunflower 
seed,  cane  and  Kaffir  corn  seed  were 
fed  occasionally.  Every  third  day  they 
had  meat  scraps.  In  October  and  No¬ 
vember,  when  they  were  shedding,  they 
had  plenty  of  meal  and  sunflower  seed. 
Every  day  in  addition  to  the  regular 
feed,  this  to  encourage  rapid  growth  of 
feathers.  They  always  had  abundance 
of  clean,  fresh  water,  and  once  every 
day  skim-milk.  These  hens  would  have 
done  better  but  for  the  fact  that  in  July 
and  August  they  were  badly  infested 
with  bedbugs.  We  used  pyrethrum 
powder  for  this.  Does  anyone  know 
a  relief  for  the  common  bedbug  on 
fowls?  These  bugs  are  a  scourge  here 
every  Summer. 

Mexico.  geo.  w.  m'guire,  m.  d. 

R.  N.-Y. — Dr.  McGuire  is  chief  sur¬ 
geon  of  “Department  de  Hospital/'  Re¬ 
member  that  these  figures  are  in  Mexi¬ 
can  currency  or  half  the  value  of  United 
States  money. 


A  KENTUCKY  FARMER’S  HOUSE. 

I  have  been  giving  some  thought  to 
improvement  of  the  young  farmer's 
home  buildings  during  the  shut-in  days 
of  the  past  Winter,  and  send  you  a  little 
ground  plan.  There  is  certainly  room 
for  improvement  along  this  line  in  the 
economy  of  building  and  of  after  use. 
The  rectangle  is  the  better  shape.  The 
floors  should  be  three  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  surrounding  ground  for  dry¬ 
ness,  ventilation  and  health.  The  foun¬ 
dations  should  be  laid  deep  and  strong, 
and  made  solid  to  prevent  a  lifetime 
fight  with  the  rats.  The  excavation  for 
cellar  can  be  considered  after.  The 
grading  should  turn  all  water  from  the 
building.  The  center  partition  must  be 


June  17, 

firm  and  strong,  for  on  it  rests  not  only 
the  weight  of  the  roof,  but  sometimes 
that  of  a  wet  snow.  By  using  nice  lum¬ 
ber  for  the  rafters  and  sheating  the  ceil¬ 
ing  and  the  supporting  joists  can  be 
left  out.  The  roof  should  be  of  the 
modern  flat  variety,  with  a  fall  of  one 
inch  to  the  foot.  Use  a  good  felt,  give 
it  on  a  warm  sunny  day  a  coating  of  hot 


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HITCHEN  3  DINING  O 
!Z  by  Z4-  5 


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H- 


CHAMBER 


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FAMILY 


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tar,  and  spread  on  it  immediately  all  the 
cement  it  will  hold.  A  few  coats  in  after 
years  will  make  a  stone  roof.  Look  well 
tc.  every  source  of  fire,  then  carry  your 
own  insurance.  The  rafters  over  the 
center  partition  can  be  nailed  together, 
then  further  strengthened  by  laps  of 
strong  wire  under  the  sheathing. 

Kentucky.  j.  A.  m'kee. 


SUB-HEADS. 

The  Best  Fruit. — Here  is  a  form  of 
question  we  often  get,  and  which  is 
hard  to  answer: 

Given  the  proper  attention  and  care  on 
suitable  soil,  which  will  give  the  best  finan¬ 
cial  returns  on  such  a  small  piece  as  one- 
half  an  acre,  dwarf  apples,  pears  or 
peaches?  This  for  northern  New  Jersey. 

L.  w.  s. 

I  would  like  to  know  whether  this 
man  is  an  apple,  a  pear  or  a  peach. 
It  will  make  some  difference  as  to 
which  fruit  he  likes  best  to  handle.  I 
should  cut  out  dwarf  apples  except  for 
a  few  experts  who  are  willing  to  give 
their  crops  the  very  finest  care.  It  is 
doubtful  if  more  than  one  in  10  will 
succeed  with  dwarfs.  I  would  not  de¬ 
pend  on  them.  If  we  were  sure  of  a 
crop  every  year  the  peaches  would  pay, 
but  there  is  always  the  menace  of  a  late 
frost,  and  five  to  six  crops  will  be 
about  the  limit  of  most  peach  orchards 
in  New  Jersey.  They  will  prove  profit¬ 
able  while  they  last.  The  pears  prop¬ 
erly  handled  will  last  nearly  a  lifetime, 
but  they  require  great  care.  An  orchard 
of  Bartletts,  Bose  and  Anjou  at  its 
best  would  give  a  large  income.  You 
must  remember,  however,  that  the  fruit 
must  be  adapted  to  the  soil.  A  soil 
well  nigh  ideal  for  peaches  would  not 
suit  pears,  and  might  not  suit  apples. 
The  soil  at  Hope  Farm  is  not  suited  to 
pears,  and  they  do  not  pay  us. 

Cows  and  Nails. — It  is  possible  that 
I  shall  be  rated  as  a  cow  expert  as  the 
result  of  the  adventure  with  the  Florida 
cow.  At  any  rate  here  is  a  tough  one : 

One  of  our  neighbors  lost  a  cow  recently, 
and  on  a  post-mortem  examination  found 
two  fence  staples  two  large  pins,  a  hand¬ 
ful  of  tenpenuy  nails  and  a  few  old  horse¬ 
shoe  nails.  The  cow  was  not  doing  well 
last  Fall,  so  the  man  began  to  try  to  fatten 
her  with  no  success.  He  had  used  three  or 
four  hundred  of  cornmeal  and  a  pail  of 
stock  food ;  still  the  cow  grew  worse  and 
died.  Why  did  the  cow  swallow  the  nails? 

Pennsylvania.  a.  g.  k. 

I  cannot  tell  why  that  cow  turned  her 
attention  to  nails.  Most  likely  they 
were  in  her  feed  or  in  chaff  or  clover 
hulls  which  she  got  on  the  barn  floor. 
They  tell  me  that  chemists  find  practi¬ 
cally  all  metals  or  elements  in  ocean 
water.  When  the  secrets  of  a  cow’s 
stomach  are  made  known  we  shall  have 
a  long  list.  The  cow  first  bolts  most  of 
her  food  and  thus  may  swallow  all  sorts 
of  trash.  I  have  had  a  man  solemnly 
tell  me  that  he  found  the  greater  part 
of  an  umbrella  in  a  cow’s  stomach  1 
When  a  cow  has  a  “depraved  appetite” — 
due  to  poor  food  and  a  lack  of  bone¬ 
forming  material — she  will  gnaw  and 
swallow  all  sorts  of  stuff.  It  does  not 
follow  that  these  nails  in  the  cow’s 
stomach  were  nails  in  her  coffin.  She 
might  have  lived  for  years  and  carried 
them  around  with  her.  Very  likely  it 
was  another  tune  that  killed  her. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


680 


Ruralisms 

INTER-POLLINATION  OF  PLANTS. 

P.  H.  <?.,  Verdon,  Va. — Will  pumpkins 
and  watermelons  mix?  Will  pumpkins  and 
muskmelons  mix?  Will  cucumbers  and 
gourds  mix  with  any  of  the  above?  What 
melons  will  mix  and  what  not?  Can  Irish 
potatoes  mix  under  ground  without  blos¬ 
soms  on  top? 

Ans. — There  is  absolutely  no  evi¬ 
dence  on  record  that  any  of  the  cu- 
curbitaceous  plants  named  above,  except 
the  gourd  and  pumpkin,  will  “mix”  or 
hybridize  together.  As  the  staminate 
and  pistillate  flowers  are  separately 
borne  on  all  and  cross-pollination  by  in¬ 
sects  is  the  rule  when  naturally  grown, 
there  must  be  thousands  of  instances 
where  the  pollen  of  one  species  is  con¬ 
veyed  to  the  stigma  of  another,  but  no 
real  hybrids  appear  to  have  resulted. 
All  attempts  at  the  artificial  crossing  of 
the  species  named,  and  many  have  been 
made,  have  resulted  in  failure.  “Why” 
is  a  difficult  question  to  answer.  It  can 
only  be  supposed  that  there  is  too  little 
congeniality  between  the  pollen  cells  of 
one  kind  and  the  ovules  of  another  to 
form  a  vital  union  and  produce  perfect 
seeds  inheriting  the  characteristics  of 
both  parents.  When  a  melon  bloom  is 
pollenized  with  the  cucumber,  pumpkin 
or  gourd  under  conditions  that  preclude 
the  entrance  of  pollen  from  a  plant  of 
its  own  species,  the  ovary  or  rudiment¬ 
ary  melon  beneath  shrivels  and  perishes, 
but  if  fertilized  with  pollen  of  its  own 
kind  is  likely  to  develop  into  a  seed¬ 
bearing  fruit.  “Gourd”  is  rather  an 
elastic  term,  being  applied  not  only  to 
the  true  bitter-fleshed  gourd  or  cala¬ 
bash,  Lagenaria  vulgaris,  in  its  many 
varieties,  but  to  certain  small  hard- 
shelled  pumpkins,  such  as  the  apple¬ 
shaped,  orange  and  nest-egg  gourds, 
Cucurbita  Pepo  var.  ovifera,  and  to  at 
least  one  spiny-fruited  species  of  cu¬ 
cumber.  Both  the  calabashes  and 
pumpkin  gourds  will  cross  or  mix  with 
certain  squashes  and  occasionally  with 
garden  pumpkins,  but  the  practical  dan¬ 
ger  is  not  great  even  when  grown  to¬ 
gether.  The  watermelon  cannot  be  in¬ 
duced  to  cross  with  the  muskmelon,  cu¬ 
cumber  or  other  cucurbit  except  the  cit¬ 
ron  or  hard-fleshed  preserving  melon, 
which  is  only  a  variety  within  the  same 
species.  Even  the  different  types  of 
muskmelons,  such  as  the  soft-rinded 
netted  varieties  and  the  harder  skinned 
cantaloupes  intercross  with  difficulty  if 
at  all.  Each  type  breeds  quite  true  un¬ 
der  ordinary  conditions  of  field  culture, 
even  if  planted  near  together.  The  fre¬ 
quent  deterioration  in  quality  of  melons 
can  usually  be  explained  in  other  ways 
than  by  the  seed  “mixing”  in  the  field. 

It  can  safely  be  said  that  neither 
sweet  nor  Irish  potatoes  “mix”  under¬ 
ground  when  different  varieties  are 
planted  near  together  or  in  the  same 
hill.  Occasionally  a  bud  sport  or  vari¬ 
ation  may  produce  a  new  variety  in  the 
hill,  but  this  is  merely  an  outgrowth  of 
a  single  parent  and  not  the  blending  of 
protaplasm  or  vital  matter  of  two  indi¬ 
vidual  cells,  as  when  new  types  are 
raised  from  the  seed  balls.  w.  v.  f. 

A  NEW  VARIETY  OF  LONG -KEEPING 
ORANGE. 

The  Ad  Interim  Committee  on  Wilder 
Medals  of  the  American  Pomological 
Society  has  awarded  a  silver  medal  to  a 
new  variety  of  orange,  known  as  the 
Lue  Gim  Gong.  This  variety  has  the 
following  history :  In  1888  Mr.  Lue  Gim 
Gong,  De  Land,  Fla.,  pollinated  Hart’s 
Late  with  pollen  from  what  was  be¬ 
lieved  to  be  a  Mediterranean  Sweet 
tree.  One  orange  containing  15  to  18 
seeds  resulted  from  the  crossing.  From 
these  seeds  about  12  trees  were  raised, 
no  two  of  which  proved  to  be  alike.  The 
variety,  now  called  Lue  Gim  Gong,  when 
it  came  into  fruit  seemed  to  be  such  an 
improvement  on  Hart’s  Late  that  Mr. 
Lue  budded  15  trees  with  this  variety 


in  one  side  and  Hart’s  Late  (Tardiff) 
on  the  other.  About  30  other  trees  were 
budded  with  this  variety  on  one  side 
and  other  varieties  on  the  other.  Five 
trees  are  now  solid.  At  this  time,  Hart’s 
Late  is -the  standard  late  orange  of 
Florida  and  it  may  therefore  be  well  to 
make  comparisons  between  this  new  va¬ 
riety  and  the  standard  sort.  On  July  6, 
1909,  Mr.  Lue  took  15  boxes  of  Hart’s 
Late  (from  one  side  of  above  trees)  to 
the  packing  house  and  after  testing  for 
weight,  packed  five  boxes  out  of  the  15. 
Those  five  boxes  were  shipped  to  North 
Adams,  Mass.  Upon  arrival  they  had 
to  be  repacked  at  a  cost  of  35  cents  per 
box  and  then  only  three  boxes  remained. 
The  three  boxes  repacked  sold  for  $2.50 
per  box.  At  the  same  time  five  boxes 
were  picked  of  the  Lue  Gim  Gong 
orange  from  the  other  side  of  the  same 
trees.  On  arrival  at  North  Adams  they 
did  not  require  repacking  and  the  whole 
five  boxes  brought  $4.50  per  box.  The 
Lue  Gim  Gong  orange  is  a  hardy,  thrifty 
growing  variety.  It  can  be  marketed  to 
advantage  in  August  and  September; 
when  other  varieties  are  out  of  season, 
and  when  the  only  fruit  on  the  markets 
is  Valencia  Late  from  California.  The 
fruit  hangs  on  the  trees  with  very  little 
dropping  through  the  rainy  season, 
which  in  Florida  usually  begins  in  June 
and  lasts  several  weeks.  The  fruit  has 
been  known  to  hang  on  the  trees  two, 
three  and  even  four  years  in  an  edible 
state.  There  is  no  question  but  that 
this  variety  marks  the  beginning  of  a 
new  era  in  late  orange  culture. 

A  full  description  and  history  of  this 
variety  appears  in  the  Report  of  the 
American  Pomological  Society  covering 
the  proceedings  of  the  Florida  meeting. 
This  variety  is  unique  in  its  keeping 
qualities.  The  writer  within  a  few  weeks 
has  examined  specimens  of  the  fruitage 
of  1908,  1909  and  1910  and  found  the 
fruit  of  1908  and  1909  in  edible  condi¬ 
tion.  These  had  clung  to  the  trees  since 
that  time.  They  had  become  somewhat 
overgrown  and  .slightly  rough,  and  had 
lost  a  good  deal  of  the  juice,  but  were 
not  vastly  inferior  to  many  of  the  store 
oranges  we  are  accustomed  to  pay  30  or 
40  cents  a  dozen  for. 

[PROF.]  JOHN  CRAIG. 

Cornell  University. 

Disease  Affecting  Paeonies. 

IF.  C.  R.,  Bridgewater,  Vt. — There  is  a 
moldy-looking  disease  attacking  my  paxm- 
ies ;  it  attacks  the  stalks  just  at  top  of  the 
ground,  causing  them  to  dry  up.  Do  you 
know  what  it  is  and  is  there  any  remedy? 

Ans. — This  is  evidently  the  “drooping 

disease”  of  paeonies  (Botrytis  paeoniae), 
which  was  first  noted  in  Europe  in  1897, 
and  has  since  been  reported  as  causing 
considerable  loss  in  Canada  and  some 
of  the  Eastern  States.  It  has  not  yet 
come  under  our  personal  observation. 
The  plants  are  attacked  almost  as  soon 
as  they  appear  above  ground,  ashen  gray 
spots  appearing  upon  bud  and  stems. 
Often  the  disease  is  not  noticed  until 
the  stem  droops,  and  the  plant  dies. 
Bordeaux  Mixture,  just  as  the  plant  be¬ 
gins  growth,  is  advised,  but  any  affected 
plants  should  be  removed  and  burned 
and  the  infected  soil  removed  from  the 
place  where  they  have  grown,  the 
ground  being  filled  in  with  fresh  soil 
mixed  with  lime.  Prof.  G.  Massee  says 
a  top-dressing  of  green  manure  seems 
to  cause  the  disease,  possibly  because  it 
affords  a  congenial  home  for  the  disease 
spores,  which  then  affect  young  shoots 
as  they  push  through  the  top-dressing 
in  Spring.  It  is  advised  that  infected 
beds  be  steamed,  but  the  process  of 
steaming  an  herbaceous  border  would 
not  appeal  to  a  gardener  as  distinctly 
practical,  so  we  recommend  the  avoid¬ 
ance  of  green  manure  top-dressing,  the 
use  of  Bordeaux  Mixture,  and  a  deter¬ 
mination  to  root  out  every  affected 
plant,  replacing  the  soil  in  which  it  grew, 
with  fresh  soil  and  lime  to  fill  the  gap. 
Always  trim  off  dead  leaves  and  stems 
when  setting  new  plants. 


Treatment  of  Cyclamens. 

D.  If.,  Michigan. — Can  you  tell  me  how 
to  treat  Cyclamen  Persicum  bulbs?  Do 
they  need  a  rest  during  the  Summer?  I 
have  some  raised  from  seed  three  years  ago, 
which  have  never  bloomed. 

Ans. — We  think  there  must  be  some¬ 
thing  the  matter  with  those  Cyclamens, 
or  they  would  have  bloomed  before  this. 
Ordinarily  they  are  expected  to  bloom 
within  15  months  of  sowing  the  seed. 
Your  plants  may  be  affected  with  a  little 
insect,  a  mite,  which  gives  much  trouble 
to  growers,  rendering  the  plants  useless 
for  blooming.  It  is  not  the  nature  of 
the  Cyclamen  to  be  dried  off  during 
the  Summer ;  growth  should  be  con¬ 
tinuous.  Our  Summers  are  rather  hard 
on  them;  an  outdoor  frame,  with  shade 
during  the  hottest  part  of  the  day,  will 
suit  them  in  Summer,  but  most  growth 
is  made  in  early  Autumn.  Old  roots 
are  rarely  satisfactory,  and  we  would 
advise  the  inquirer  to  make  a  fresh 
start  with  seed  sown  in  early  Winter, 
growing  on  steadily  without  interruption 
next  Summer,  rather  than  to  keep  on 
growing  those  three-year-old  corms.  Sow 
in  light  sandy  soil,  in  shallow  pans, 
covering  seed  to  little  more  than  their 
own  depth.  Prick  off  when  first  leaf  is 
developed  into  thumb  pots  or  pans,  and 
shift  again  as  they  grow.  Final  potting 
should  not  be  later  than  November  1. 
They  need  plenty  of  light,  and  a  tem¬ 
perature  that  does  not  go  above  50°  at 
night.  Good  loam,  lightened  with  sand 
if  heavy,  and  enriched  with  one-fourth 
old  well-rotted  horse  manure,  suits 
them,  and  there  must  be  good  drainage. 
Use  tobacco  if  green  fly  attacks  them,  as 
it  often  does  in  a  greenhouse. 

Cleaning  and  Separating  Carrot  Seed. 

We  raise  our  own  carrot  seed,  as  we  can 
obtain  better  stock  than  when  we  purchase 
from  a  seedman.  We  handle  about  75  to  SO 
pounds  per  year.  We  have  a  machine  for 
scrubbing  off  the  hairs  that  grow  on  tho 
stems  from  the  seed.  The  seeds  and  stems 
being  of  practically  the  same  weight,  the 
fanning  mill  is  not  practicable  for  this 
purpose.  Do  you  know  of  any  machine 
manufactured  for  this  purpose,  or  can  you 
give  me  a  fair  idea  of  the  method  used  by 
seedsmen?  j.  h.  j. 

Long  Island. 

Commercial  carrot  seed  growers  mako 
every  effort  to  avoid  getting  broken  stems  in 
the  seed,  as  they  are  always  difficult  to  re¬ 
move.  In  a  small  way  the  ripe  seeds  are 
combed  from  the  stems  by  hand  and  rubbed 
through  a  succession  of  sieves,  which  breaks 
the  stems  so  small  that  they  can  easily  be 
separated.  In  commercial  seed  growing  in 
California  the  carrots  are  pulled  by  hand, 
the  heads  laid  together  on  a  hard  earthen 
floor  and  the  seeds  broken  out  by  passing  a 
heavy  and  slightly  convex  stone  roller  many 
times  over  them.  Chaff  and  seeds  are  then 
run  several  times  through  a  seed  thrasher 
with  many  short,  close-set,  metal  spikes  on 
both  cylinder  and  concave.  This  frees  the 
seeds  from  hairs  and  breaks  the  stems  so 
line  that  the  ordinary  seed  fanning  mill  and 
sieves  clean  them  up  very  well.  We  do  not 
know  of  any  machine  specially  designed  for 
the  purpose  you  mention. 

“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
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foguefreel  THEO.  BURT  &  SONS,  Melr0S8,Qhi0 


BINDER  TWINE 

FACTORY  TO  FARM.  WANT  FARMER  AGENTS. 
Write  quick.  AUGUST  POST,  Moulton,  Iowa 


HAY 

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Waterproof 


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and  Farm  Covers,  Water¬ 
proof  or  Plain  Canvas. 
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Henry  Derby,  123-Y  Chambers  St.,  NewYork 


INOCULATED  ALFALFA  SOIL 

75  cents  per  hundred,  $10.00  per  ton.  F.  O.  B.  Ash- 
ville,  Pa.  Send  for  FREE  booklet  “  How  to  Grow 
Alfalfa.”  Dr.  H.  SOMERVILLE,  Chest  Springs. 
Cambria  County,  Pa. 


SLUG-SHOT 

USED  FROM  OCEAN  TO  OCEAN  FOR  29  YEARS 
Sold  by  Seed  Dealers  of  America 

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Lumps,  thin  spots  and  snarls  are  three  com¬ 
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90  years  their  sole  study— not  a  side  issue:  they 
have  gathered  and  trained  the  best  force  of  twine  makers  in  the  world;  they 
have  invented  machines  nowhere  else  to  be  found:  every  ball  is  subjected  to 
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Send  for  New  Book  on  Twine.  Full  of  information  every  farmer  should  have 

PLYMOUTH  CORDAGE  CO.,  No.  Plymouth,  Mass.  Established  1824. 


Not  in  a  Trust. 


^aUWYWVWWUWYVVWWWYYWWWWYWWWUWUWWWWUWYUUWWVU'VmVUUUUWVUUUW.WWWWWUU.VWUVVYUWUUWul 


t$eo 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER’S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Home« 

Established  isso 

Published  weokly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 
Hkrbxrt  W.  Colusowood,  President  and  Editor. 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mas.  E.  T.  Hoyle,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  $2.04,  equal  to  8s.  6d.,  or 
8 yi  marks,  or  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 

order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line — 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  us  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  trifling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

It  is  with  deep  regret  that  we  learn  of  the  death 
of  Dr.  Edward  B.  Voorhees  director  of  the  New 
Jersey  Experiment  Station.  Dr.  Voorhees  was  born 
in  Somerset  Co.,  N.  J.,  55  years  ago.  He  graduated 
at  Rutgers  College  in  1881,  and  by  thorough  study 
and  hard  work  became  one  of  the  most  noted  edu¬ 
cators  and  agricultural  scientists  in  America.  In  the 
New  Jersey  station  lie  gathered  around  him  a  notable 
body  of  men  who  have  made  that  institution  famous 
for  the  accuracy  and  value  of  its  work.  Dr.  Voorhees 
was  a  plain,  unassuming  man  who  understood  the 
farmers  and  had  full  sympathy  for  them.  He  en¬ 
joyed  their  confidence  and  did  not  fail  them. 

* 

I  am  glad  to  know  that  you  are  looking  up  the  gentlemen 
who  represent  us  in  the  State  Senate,  especially  the  gentle¬ 
man  who  went  there  in  disguise  and  gave  his  occupation  as 
an  “agriculturist.”  lie  tells  us  through  The  R.  N.-Y.  what 
his  claims  to  the  title  of  “agriculturist”  are,  but  he  avoids 
telling  us  how  he  “makes  his  money  in  the  city  to  lavish 
it  on  the  farm.”  Will  Mi-.  Ormrod  now  come  forward  and 
tell  us  what  his  real  occupation  or  business  is.  And  while 
he  as  about  it  will  he  also  tell  us  whether  he  is  in  the 
New  York  State  Senate  in  pursuit  of  his  fad  as  an  “agri¬ 
culturist”  or  is  he  there  to  represent  his  money  or  business 
interests,  whatsoever  they  may  be?  J.  G.  M. 

That  is  a  live  question  and  we  gladly  offer  Senator 
Ormrod  space  in  which  to  answer  it.  He  calls  him¬ 
self  an  “agriculturist”  and  tells  us  why  he  is  not  a 
'farmer.  It  is  a  matter  of  outside  occupation.  There 
are  some  100,000  of  us  right  now  who  would  like  to 
be  “agriculturists”  for  a  vacation  if  some  one  will 
tell  us  where  and  how  to  make  the  necessary  money. 

* 

Our  friend,  E.  G.  Lewis,  undertook  to  try  the 
"Senator  Page  act”  in  California.  The  “woman’s 
friend”  is  marching  through  California  on  a  bed  of 
roses  in  which  some  long  and  sharp  thorns  are  left. 
At  Los  Angeles  Mr.  Lewis  said  he  wanted  to  have  a 
real  expression  of  opinion,  so  he  called  a  meeting  of 
women  who  desired  to  ask  him  questions !  It  was  a 
splendid  bluff,  but  the  women  took  him  right  at  his 
word.  They  went  to  the  meeting  loaded  with  the  evi¬ 
dence  of  broken  promises  and  the  full  power  of  ex¬ 
pression  which  has  been  given  certain  members  of 
the  gentler  sex.  Mr.  Lewis  wisely  sent  word  that  he 
was  “sick.”  This  was  the  one  engagement  in  all  the 
trip  that  he  missed.  The  poet  has  made  a  very  ac¬ 
curate  comparison  of  the  mental  altitude  of  “a  woman 
scorned.”  There  may  still  be  infatuated  creatures  to 
hand  bouquets  to  Mr.  Lewis,  but  this  idolatry  is  nearly 
over  and  there  can  be  no  more  savage  enemy  than  a 
deceived  worshiper  once  aroused  from  her  folly. 

* 

The  arguments  for  and  against  Canadian  reci¬ 
procity  are  in.  Senators  may  talk  for  a  month,  but 
we  do  not  believe  all  this  flood  of  words  will  change 
a  single  vote.  The  plain  truth  is  that  President  Taft 
has  strengthened  his  position  during  the  past  few 
weeks.  His  strongest  argument  has  been  the  fact 
that  this  trade  agreement  with  Canada  affords  the 
only  chance  in  sight  of  getting  tariff  reform  really 
started.  A  vast  majority  of  the  people  of  this 
country  are  in  favor  of  such  reform.  Our  desire 
is  to  give  our  readers  the  truth  regarding  public 
matters  whatever  personal  opinion  or  feeling  may 
be.  Our  private  advices  from  Washington  indicate 
that  certain  farm  politicians  have  injured  the  cause 
of  the  farmer  rather  than  helped  it.  When  they 
gave  President  Taft  the  insinuation  of  a  threat  they 
gave  him  a  chance  to  reply  t©  them  in  a  way 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

that  marked  them  as  poor  bluffers  in  the  eyes  of  the 
country.  Strong  men  do  not  bluff  or  threaten  and 
public  men  know  the  difference  between  cold  fact 
and  “hot  air.”  The  farm  politicians  we  refer  to 
have  given  the  country  to  understand  that  our 
farmers  are  a  lot  of  narrow  unprogressive  bluffers 
when  the  only  hope  for  country  people  is  to  take  a 
broader  view  of  public  questions. 

* 

We  stay  right  by  this  attempted  game  of  shutting 
off  the  sale  of  dairy  butter.  Dealers  have  been  trying 
to  scare  farmers  into  thinking  that  such  butter  is 
“adulterated”  because  it  contains  over  16  per  cent  of 
water.  The  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue  is 
reported  as  ruling: 

Surplus  butter  of  the  farmer  would  not  be  held  subject 
to  the  tax  of  10  cents  per  pound  although  it  might  contain 
16  per  cent  or  more  of  moisture  nor  would  the  merchant 
receiving  or  purchasing  the  same  and  selling  in  its  original 
form  be  reqqjred  to  pay  special  tax,  hut  if  these  various 
lots  or  parcels  are  gathered  up  and  reworked  so  as  to  lose 
their  identity  as  originally  produced  on  the  farm,  all  the 
taxes  imposed  by  law  for  the  manufacture  and  sale  of 
adulterated  buttei  would  be  imposed  if  the  product  is 
then  found  to  contain  excessive  moisture. 

It  is  the  same  old  story.  The  handlers  get  into 
trouble  through  trying  to  substitute  water  for  butter 
fat  and  then  try  to  blame  it  on  the  farmer.  Dairy 
butter  made  as  you  and  your  ancestors  have  made  it 
is  all  right 

* 

It  has  been  shown  that  the  crown  gall  disease  of 
fruit  trees  is  caused  by  bacteria.  It  has  been  proved 
that  these  bacteria  when  taken  from  the  galls  on  peach 
trees  will  produce  much  the  same  growth  on  the  roots 
of  tomatoes,  sugar  beets  and  many  other  plants.  The 
bacteria  also  live  on  the  roots  of  Alfalfa  and  the 
clovers,  and  may  be  carried  in  the  soil  in  which  such 
plants  grow.  For  instance,  an  Alfalfa  field  may  con¬ 
tain  plants  carrying  these  crown-gall  bacteria  on  their 
roots.  If  soil  from  this  field  were  used  for  inoculat¬ 
ing  a  new  seeding  of  Alfalfa  in  a  field  where  an  or¬ 
chard  or  a  crop  of  sugar  beets  were  to  be  grown,  the 
crown-gall  disease  might  be  started  on  the  trees  or 
the  beets.  The  Department  of  Agriculture  has 
worked  this  matter  out  until  there  seems  to  be  no 
question  about  it.  Alfalfa  and  Crimson  and  Alsike 
clovers  are  most  likely  to  spread  the  disease,  and  be¬ 
fore  we  used  soil  for  starting  these  crops  in  an  or¬ 
chard  we  should  make  sure  if  possible  that  this 
crown-gall  disease  is  not  in  the  soil.  We  have  been 
brought  up  to  reject  every  nursery  tree  which  shows 
the  gall  on  its  crown  or  roots.  It  must  be  admitted, 
however,  that  nurserymen  and  some  of  the  scientists 
offer  evidence  to  prove  that  such  galls  are  harmless. 

* 

Two  things  happened  last  week  which  may  have 
much  to  do  with  American  industry.  A  new  type  of 
fiver  steamer  started  from  New  Orleans  up  the 
Mississippi  and  Missouri  Rivers.  It  was  built  to  over¬ 
come  the  troubles  which  have  hurt  the  river  traffic. 
The  flat,  shallow  bottom  of  the  boat  is  of  steel  to 
prevent  damage  from  snags.  There  are  new  “funnel 
propellers”  which  will  work  in  shallow  water  or  even 
in  mud.  Tt  is  hoped  that  these  boats  will  open  the 
shallow  Missouri  River  to  water  traffic,  give  new 
competition  to  the  railroads  and  thus  force  better  ser¬ 
vice  and  lower  rates. 

In  the  East  a  successful  trial  was  made  of  the 
new  Edison  storage  electric  battery.  For  years  Mr. 
Edison  has  been  working  to  perfect  a  storage  battery 
that  will  be  light,  portable  and  reasonably  cheap.  It 
is  now  said  that  he  has  one  that  will  go  into  an  or¬ 
dinary  suit  case.  It  can  be  charged  from  any  avail¬ 
able  power  and  easily  carried  wherever  needed  to 
supply  an  electric  motor.  The  possibilities  of  such  a 
thing  on  a  farm  where  there  is  water  power  can 
hardly  be  estimated.  A  man  with  such  a  power  could 
not  only  use  the  batteries  for  his  own  use,  but  sell 
“canned  force”  to  his  neighbors.  We  hope  that  the 
boat  and  the  battery  will  help  break  down  the 
monopoly  of  power  which  coal  and  oil  now  hold 
over  us. 

* 

At  the  suggestion  of  President  Taft,  the  last  Con¬ 
gress  created  a  “Commerce  Court”  which  was  to  de¬ 
cide  cases  of  law  arising  from  decisions  of  the  Inter¬ 
state  Commerce  Commission.  The  argument  for  this 
new  court  was  that  it  would  hasten  business  and  pre¬ 
vent  delay.  This  court  has  just  decided  a  case  which 
gives  half  a  million  dollars  a  year  to  the  sugar  trust. 
The  rate  for  carrying  sugar  from  New  York  to 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  was  17  cents  per  100  pounds.  The 
sugar  trust  floated  its  sugar  on  “lighters”  three  miles 
from  the  refinery  in  Brooklyn  to  the  railroad  terminals 
ir.  Jersey  City.  It  then  charged  two  cents  rebate 
for  “cartage”  and  4  1-5  cents  for  lighterage.  This 
the  railroads  paid  back  to  the  sugar  trust,  so  that 
their  sugar  was  carried  from  New  York  to  Cleveland 


June  17, 

for  10  4-5  cents.  The  Federal  Company,  located  at 
Yonkers,  was  obliged  to  float  its  sugar  12  miles  down 
the  Hudson  and  was  charged  17  cents  with  no  rebate ! 
Thus  the  sugar  trust  beat  its  competitor  $1.22  in 
freight  on  every  ton  of  sugar.  The  Federal  Company 
appealed  to  the  Interstate  Commerce  to  compel  the 
railroads  to  stop  this  rebating,  and  after  two  hearings 
the  commission  agreed  to  do  so.  The  railroads  ap¬ 
pealed  to  the  new  court,  and  it  has  now  granted  an 
injunction  restraining  the  commission  from  interfer¬ 
ing  with  the  privileges  of  the  trust !  The  question  in¬ 
volved  was  whether  this  court  had  the  right  to  go 
behind  the  commission’s  decision.  The  court  claims 
that  right,  and  if  the  Supreme  Court  should  uphold 
it  every  trust  in  the  country  will  be  helped  by  this 
decision,  for  new  schemes  for  rebating  will  be  worked 
out.  It  is  in  line  with  the  decision  that  mopopolies 
may  be  reasonable'  or  “unreasonable”  at  the  option  of 
judges.  It  looks  as  if  the  railroads  were  getting  all 
they  wanted  out  of  this  new  court.  No  one  can  be 
blamed  for  losing  faith  in  onr  courts  in  the  face  of 
such  decisions.  With  corporation  lawyers  as  judges 
the  trusts  will  naturally  control  them.  There  is  no 
cause  for  wonder  at  the  demand  for  the  “recall'’  of 
judges  when  such  decisions  are  made. 

* 

If  this  condition  of  affairs  is  not  changed  it  will  result 
in  greatly  cutting  down  the  support  you  receive  from  the 
manufacturers  of  almost  numberless  foods,  beverages  and 
proprietary  or  patent  medicines,  and  the  question  presents 
itself :  Will  you  and  your  influential  paper  stand  for  such 
a  condition.  We  think  not.  *  *  *  Let  your  Senators 

and  your  Congressmen  know  your  attitude  in  this  matter 
and  you  will  be  rewarded  not  alone  by  an  improvement  in 
your  business  but  by  feeling  that  you  are  standing  up  for 
your  rights  as  well  as  ours. 

These  extracts  are  taken  from  a  circular  letter  sent 
us  by  the  Advertisers’  Protective  Association.  They 
take  pains  to  inform  us  that  the  association  is  com¬ 
posed  of  manufacturers  of  foods,  beverages  and 
drugs,  representing  an  investment  of  $400,000,000. 
They  spend  $100,000,000  eacli  year  in  advertising.  The 
object  of  this  letter  is  to  enlist  The  R.  N.-Y.  in  an 
attack  upon  Dr.  Wiley  of  the  pure  food  and  drug 
bureau.  We  are  gently  but  firmly  reminded  that  a 
“reward”  of  advertising  will  follow  such  attacks.  Now 
we  know  Dr.  Wiley  and  have  followed  his  operations 
carefully.  He  may  have  been  over-zealous  in  chasing 
after  some  of  the  people  who  use  questionable  chemi¬ 
cals  and  drugs,  but  we  think  he  is  trying  honestly  to 
protect  the  public.  His  work  thus  far  has  been  of 
great  benefit  to  farmers,  for  they  suffer  in  a  double 
sense  when  adulterated  or  poisoned  goods  are  put  up 
and  sold.  Every  pound  of  adulterated  food  displaces 
a  pound  of  pure  food  and  to  that  extent  injures  the 
business  of  producers.  We  believe  that  the  public 
should  be  protected  against  fake  goods  and  poisons 
and  we  believe  Dr.  Wiley  is  giving  us  such  protec¬ 
tion.  As  for  attacking  the  worthy  work  of  the  pure 
food  bureau  in  order  to  be  “rewarded”  with  advertis¬ 
ing,  we  thank  God  that  The  Rural  New-Yorker  is 
not  obliged  to  stand  hat  in  hand  waiting  to  take  or¬ 
ders  before  we  express  our  convictions.  We  will 
gladly  denounce  any  injustice  or  abuse  of  privilege, 
but  not  for  $1,000,000  per  line  will  we  condemn  an 
honest  and  efficient  public  servant  at  the  suggestion 
of  such  “reward.” 


BREVITIES. 

The  latest  use  we  hear  for  cement  is  making  hen's 
nests.  They  are  “sanitary” — can  be  scrubbed  free  of  in¬ 
sects  ! 

Australia  is  to  build  a  new  Federal  capital.  Clay  hav¬ 
ing  been  found  nearby  the  government  is  to  put  up  a  brick¬ 
yard  and  make  its  own  brick  for  building. 

The  Dutch  are  thrifty.  They  will  put  criminal  youths 
on  waste  land  and  put  them  at  work  under  expert  farm¬ 
ers.  When  the  land  has  been  improved  it  will  be  sold  ! 

The  British  Cotton  Growing  Association  endeavors  to 
increase  cotton  growing  in  the  British  Empire  and  is 
succeeding.  Queensland,  Australia,  is  the  latest  section 
where  cotton  pays. 

“I  never  expect  more  than  100  cents  for  each  dollar  I 
spend,  and  am  thankful  if  I  get  as  much  as  90  cents,  ex¬ 
cept  in  the  case  of  the  Rural  New-Yorker,  in  which  I  get 
many  times  a  dollar's  worth,”  says  J.  W.  L.,  of  Georgia. 

In  hunting  the  facts  about  selling  corn  silage  as  a  busi¬ 
ness  we  find  one  or  two  instances  where  silage  is  used 
as  manure  or  for  use  in  hotbeds.  It  is  said  to  answer 
fairly  well  for  the  last  named  use.  Now  we  want  facts 
about  that  if  anyone  can  give  them.  When  we  get  on  a 
trail  we  like  to  run  it  to  the  end. 

Several  young  men  were  competitors  for  a  good  job. 
After  one  was  chosen  we  asked  the  boss  why  the  others 
were  rejected.  “They  were  more  anxious  for  the  salary 
than  for  the  opportunity.  It  was  a  permanent  thing,  in 
which  a  young  fellow  had  a  good  chance  to  grow.  These 
young  men  stood  hard  for  a  good  salary  before  they  proved 
themselves.” 

The  scientific  men  are  getting  this  manure  problem 
down  to  a  pretty  fine  point.  In  North  Dakota  they  find 
that  fresh  manure  from  flax  straw  should  not  be  used 
on  flax  because  it  carries  disease  germs.  Same  of  wheat 
straw.  The  remedy  is  to  compost  the  manure  or  put  It 
on  other  crops. 


1911. 


THE  RURAfe  NEW-YORKER 


691 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

After  granting  numerous  delays  and 
patiently  listening  to  all  the  arguments 
and  evidence  presented  by  the  attorneys 
for  E.  G.  Lewis  and  the  alleged  reor¬ 
ganization  scheme  of  the  Class  A  pub¬ 
lishers,  Judge  Dyer,  sitting  in  the  Fed¬ 
eral  District  Court  in  St.  Louis  on  Mon¬ 
day  of  last  week,  appointed  a  receiver 
in  the  foreclosure  suit  on  property  of 
the  University  Heights  Realty  and  De¬ 
velopment  Company,  and  issued  an  in¬ 
junction  restraining  the  company  and 
the  Peoples’  Trust  Company  as  trustee 
from  disposing  of  the  property. 

This  covers  a  tract  of  land  bought  bv 
E.  G.  Lewis  for  $114,000;  and  later 
sold  to  the  above  realty  company,  of 
which  Lewis  was  president,  for  $537,- 
788.16,  and  the  same  day  mortgaged 
by  him  for  $537,788.  The  mortgage 
was  issued  to  the  Peoples’  Trust  Com¬ 
pany  as  trustee,  and  the  notes  against  it 
sold  to  poor  people  all  over  the  country 
under  the  representations  that  the  notes 
were  the  best  security  in  the  world  and 
would  make  the  holders  rich.  Interest 
was  not  paid  and  taxes  are  in  default 
since  1906.  When  notes  became  due 
they  were  not  paid.  Instead  the  holders 
were  urged  to  transfer  them  for  deben¬ 
tures  and  other  fake  schemes.  Some  of 
the  notes  seem  to  have  been  issued  even 
before  the  mortgage  was  fded,  and  the 
interests  of  the  note  holders  were  not 
protected  in  the  mortgage  nor  in  :he 
execution  of  the  trusteeship  by  the  Lewis 
concern ;  but  the  suit  is  in  a  court  of 
equity,  and  the  interests  of  all  credi¬ 
tors  will  be  protected  from  now  on 
through  the  direction  of  the  Federal 
court.  The  trick  of  frenzied  finance 
worked  in  this  case  will  give  you  some 
notion  of  the  Lewis  operations  general¬ 
ly.  It  explains  his  great  interest  in  the 
plain  people.  No  bank  or  experienced 
investor  would  loan  more  than  50  or  60 
per  cent  of  the  fair  purchase  price  of 
such  property  on  mortgage.  As  Mr. 
Lewis  boasts  that  the  only  money  he 
put  up  for  his  real  estate  purchase  was 
the  notary  fee,  it  is  not  to  be  supposed 
that  he  bought  it  for  less  than  its  value. 
So  that  $70,000  would  be  the  limit  of 
what  he  could  expect  to  borrow  on 
mortgage  from  experienced  investors. 
But  he  borrowed  nearly  five  times  the 
purchase  price  from  people  scattered  all 
over  the  country,  and  actually  seems  to 
have  borrowed  some  of  it  to  pay  the 
original  purchase  price  before  any  mort¬ 
gage  was  issued.  We  do  not  by  any 
means  put  this  down  as  the  worst  of  his 
swindles,  but  it  will  serve  as  an  ex¬ 
ample  of  the  most  of  them. 

Cither  notes  signed  by  the  University 
Heights  Realty  and  Development  Com¬ 
pany  and  E.  G.  Lewis  in  connection  with 
some  fake  form  of  a  Trust  Agree¬ 
ment  to  the  amount  of  $500,000  were 
issued.  This  promises  to  be  more  of  a 
swindle  than  the  case  referred  to  above. 
The  people  who  received  these  notes 
thought  they  were  a  first  lien  on  the 
real  estate.  They  were  nothing  of  the 
kind.  They  were  subject  to  a  first 
mortgage  of  record  for  $400,000,  now 
only  partly  paid  and  taxes  long  past 
due.  Attorneys  say  this  trust  agree¬ 
ment  is  even  more  of  a  fraud  than  the 
deed  of  trust. 

A  depositor  in  the  People’s  Savings 
Trust  Co.  recently  tried  to  get  his 
money  through  his  local  bank.  The  cer¬ 
tificate  was  first  returned,  but  the  bank 
took  it  up  with  the  Missouri  State 
Banking  Department,  and  it  was  then 
paid.  Our  understanding  is  that  the 
Banking  Department  will  protect  the 
depositors,  but  will  give  itself  no  con¬ 
cern  about  the  stockholders  who  con¬ 
tributed  most  of  the  money.  The  trust 
company  is  held  to  be  solvent  as  long 
as  it  can  pay  the  depositors. 

With  all  this  record  of  deception  and 
fraud,  and  with  all  the  debts  and  obliga¬ 


tions  unpaid,  Lewis  is  in  California 
promising  to  build  $100,000  club  houses, 
though  after  the  millions  that  he  col¬ 
lected  from  the  people  during  the  last 
10  years,  he  claimed  that  friends  had  to 
advance  the  carfare  to  take  him  to  the 
Pacific  coast.  It  seems  impossible  that 
the  man  could  have  continued  his  fake 
career  so  long.  It  seems  more  impos¬ 
sible  that  any  community  would  endure 
his  bluff  for  even  a  single  minute.  It  is 
of  course  the  reckless  audacity  of  the 
man  that  has  carried  him  so  far.  He 
must  realize  now  that  he  has  reached 
the  end  of  his  tether,  and  he  seems  de¬ 
termined  to  make  the  most  of  whatever 
slack  he  has  yet  to  take  up.  The  credi¬ 
tors  see  now  that  the  so-called  reorgan¬ 
ization  through  the  alleged  publishers’ 
committee  was  no  protection  to  them  at 
all,  and  that  it  was  simply  a  scheme  of 
Lewis  to  get  the  evidence  out  of  their 
hands.  Those  who  have  sent  him  their 
claims  should  now  demand  their  return, 
and  place  them  either  with  their  own 
attorneys  or  through  Claud  D.  Hall,  705 
Olive  street,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  who  is  at¬ 
torney  for  the  other  creditors  in  the 
foreclosure  suit.  From  now  on  the 
creditors  who  do  this  will  have  their  in¬ 
terest#;  protected.  If  left  with  Lewis  and 
his  associates  with  authority  to  do  with 
as  he  pleases  you  can  imagine  the  result 
as  well  as  we  can  describe  it. 


DIARY  OF  FARM  WORK 

A  Week  on  a  New  York  Fruit  Farm. 

Monday,  May  22. — Apples  in  full  bloom ; 
two  teams  dragging  apple  orchards  with 
spike-tooth  harrows.  Each  covered  about  18 
acres.  Three  teams  plowing  for  corn,  two 
men  trimming  young  fruit  orchards ;  one 
man  raking  brush  in  same  with  horse-rake ; 
one  man  grubbing  peach  trees ;  one  man  hoe¬ 
ing  around  young  apple  trees. 

Tuesday,  May  23. — One  team  continued 
dragging  apple  orchards  with  spike-tooth 
harrow.  Three  teams  continued  plowing  for 
corn  ;  one  team  and  two  men  drawing  brush 
in  young  peach  orchards.  Four  men  trim¬ 
ming  three-year-old  peaches.  At  noon  it  be¬ 
gan  to  rain.  Afternoon  sent  one  team  to  the 
blacksmith.  Two  men  cleaning  oats,  three 
men  clipping  horses.  The  day  men  went 
home  on  account  of  rain.  By  three  o’clock 
a  terrific  electric  storm  centered  over  the 
farm.  Lightning  struck  the  horse  barn ;  a 
rush  was  made  to  get  the  horses  out.  They 
were  somewhat  dazed  and  had  to  be  urged. 
The  next  thought  was  to  start  the  electric 
motor  attached  to  the  pump.  The  men  also 
rushed  to  the  loft  with  pails  of  water,  but 
found  it  had  not  taken  fire.  The  lightning 
struck  the  cupola,  passed  down  a  rafter  to 
the  electric  light,  and  to  the  ground  on  the 
wire.  For  fire  protection  we  can  use  our 
two-horse  power  motor  attached  to  a  power 
pump,  which  pumps  from  both  well  and  cis¬ 
tern.  This  pump  will  throw  a  one-half-inch 
stream  25  feet  high.  With  100  feet  of  hose 
we  can  protect  all  our  buildings. 

Wednesday,  May  24. — First  spraying  after 
the  blossom,  or  third  spraying  of  apples. 
Formula,  lime  and  sulphur,  1-40,  with  10 
pounds  arsenate  of  lead  to  a  tank  of  200 
gallons.  West  wind  held  all  day;  six  men 
with  two  power  sprayers  covered  about  16 
acres  of  apples  on  one  side,  and  used  about 
1,600  gallons  of  mixture.  Team  of  mules 
plowing  for  corn,  the  most  satisfactory  team 
on  the  farm.  Two  teams  continued  drag¬ 
ging  apple  and  peach  orchards  with  spike- 
tooth  harrows.  Call  from  insurance  ad¬ 
justor.  Prospective  fruit-grower  presented 
to  farm  by  tenant’s  family. 

Thursday,  May  25. — Wind  still  from  the 
west ;  six  men  continued  spraying.  By 
night  the  two  power  sprayers  had  complet¬ 
ed  spraying  34  acres  of  apples  on  one  side 
of  trees  and  had  used  about  3,600  gallons 
of  spray  mixture.  You  can  judge  by  this 
the  thoroughness  of  the  job.  Two  teams 
dragging  orchards  with  spike  harrows.  Team 
of  mules  plowing  for  corn  ;  one  man  trim¬ 
ming  out  apple  brush.  Hatched  10  pheas¬ 
ants  under  a  hen ;  consider  the  pheasant  one 
of  the  best  destroyers  of  insect  pests  on  a 
fruit  farm.  Try  to  protect  them  by  posting 
farm  against  hunting.  Met  representatives 
of  Beebe  Syndicate  in  regard  to  putting 
through  railroad. 

Friday,  May  26. — Wind  northeast,  east 
and  southeast,  changed  just  in  time  to  spray 
the  other  side  of  apples.  Two  teams,  six 
men,  continued  spraying.  Team  of  mules 
finished  plowing  corn  ground,  finished  roll¬ 
ing  and  began  dragging  with  spring-tooth 
harrow.  Two  teams  dragging  orchards, 
spike  harrow. 


Saturday,  May  27. — One  team  and  three 
men  continued  spraying  all  day,  and  the 
other  team  half  a  day  ;  finished  spraying  ap¬ 
ples,  both  sides.  Team  of  mules  continued 
dragging  corn  ground,  spring  harrow  ;  one 
team  dragging  orchard,  spike  harrow ;  team 
half  a  day  on  orchard  cultivator  on  peaches. 
One  team  dragging  young  orchard  one-half 
day  and  cleaning  up  peach  stumps  and 
brush  one-half  day.  One  man  went  to  sta¬ 
tion  after  spring-tooth  harrow.  In  the  aft¬ 
ernoon  the  proprietor  and  his  wife  went  to 
Rochester  in  the  auto  and  saw  the  Roch- 
ester-Buffalo  ball  game. 

Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y.  p.  w.  Cornwall. 

A  Town  Diary  in  Kansas. 

Our  new  home  is  but  a  stone's  throw 
from  the  citiy’s  edge.  This  nearness  to 
market  suits  our  ideal  of  farm  life  perfect¬ 
ly — up  to  the  point  of  taxation.  The  sec¬ 
ond  year  of  our  ownership  we  offered  this 
land,  all  it  would  produce,  to  anyone  who 
would  pay  that  year’s  taxes.  Land  adjoin¬ 
ing  that  rented  then  for  three  dollars  cash 
per  acre,  now  goes  begging,  as  this  tract 
did  at  that  time.  '  I  presume  I  am  taxed 
$50  per  acre  as  a  farmer  and  an  additional 
one  hundred  for  the  privilege  of  living  on 
a  clean,  clover  bordered  urbanside  tract  of 
20  acres.  With  two  dry  wells  the  water 
problem  here  is  still  unsolved,  although  we 
allowed  eight  or  ten  “witches”  to  forecast, 
predict  and  explain,  turn  of  them  brothers- 
in-law,  but  no  two  of  them  agreed  as  to 
the  location.  For  this  reason  we  cannot 
dairy  as  largely  as  we  had  expected.  Our 
former  home  is  about  one-half  mile  farther 
country  ward  and  over  there  is  most  of  the 
water  and  pasture. 

May  24. — About  five  a.  m.,  while  the  boy 
builds  the  kitchen  fire,  I  feed  and  rub  down 
the  three  horses.  Then  he  starts  for  the 
cows  on  the  three  acre  clover  pasture  where 
they  were  wintered  and  fed  in  all  season¬ 
able  weather,  and  the  same  is  outlined  for 
the  coming  winter,  then  the  ground  will  be 
ready  for  corn.  While  the  mocking  bird 
sings  and  the  boy  whistles  the  cows  along, 

I  corn  the  chickens,  put  in  that  “lick  of 
salt”  for  each  cow,  adjust  the  buckets  on 
the  shelf,  tie  on  my  apron  and  am  ready  to 
snap  the  stanchion  as  each  cow  wilnngly 
steps  into  her  accustomed  place — Winter 
and  Summer  alike. 

One  little  calf  still  takes  new-  milk  from 
his  special  pail,  carried  by  the  little  six- 
year-old  sonny  who  usually  arrives  just  at 
this  moment  of  usefulness.  The  first  cows 
almost  finished,  the  little  ones  of  various 
ages  and  dimensions  clamor  to  “strip,”  and 
the  boy  and  I  adjust  our  stools  by  the  side 
of  other  cows.  While  I  am  drawing,  pump¬ 
like,  more  than  20  pounds  of  milk  from  a 
three-year-old,  strictly  bled  in  the  bark, 
dual-purpose  cow,  I  recall  to  mind  all  the 
cruel  adjectives  that  have  been  hurled  by 
professors  and  specialists  at  these  farmer’s 
standbys.  The  milk  is  hurried  to  the  cool¬ 
ing  tub,  the  cows  unloosed  and  the  boy 
astride  a  better  than  a  rocking  horse  is  on 
the  way  to  the  pond  pasture,  while  I  pre¬ 
pare  for  breakfast.  Of  course  “nobody  works 
but  father,”  and  I  strain  the  milk  with  more 
or  less  assistance  and  carry  it  to  the  cel¬ 
lar. 

After  getting  the  boy  started  to  harrow¬ 
ing  some  listed  corn,  we  tinker  on  some 
unfinished  window  screens  that  Missy  re¬ 
members  to  remind  us  of  almost  daily.  We 
moved  into  our  new  quarters  in  early  Win¬ 
ter,  before  the  finishing  touches  were  as¬ 
sembled  together,  and  it  was  my  fondest 
expectation  to  make  this  my  Winter's  job. 
Right  here  I  would  like  to  say  I  offered  Mr. 
Carpenter  in  the  city  40  cents  per  hour  to 
do  this  work,  to  cancel  a  debt  of  over  half 
a  hundred,  but  he  declined  as  ueediug  all  he 
could  earn. 

Milking  time  arrives  at  5.30  to  0.  Two 
of  the  little  girls  carry  four  small  pails  of 
milk  to  city  customers  at  six  cents  per 
quart.  A  neighbor  is  supplied  at  five  cents, 
and  while  it  is  more  than  plentiful,  the 
measure  is  heaped  higher  than  required  by 
the  pure  food  officers — or  the  Scriptures. 
The  little  girls  bring  home  the  daily  paper. 
We  pay  25c  per  month  to  have  it  left  at 
the  east  side  store.  By  the  light  of  the 
west  40  inch  window  we  read  of  our  na¬ 
tional  prospect  for  parcels  post  or  lower 
taxation.  By  the  time  we  get  to  Mexico 
or  E.  G.  Lewis’s  private  business  transac¬ 
tions,  it  has  become  too  dark  for  even  my 
spectacled  nose  and  I  retire  to  my  den  anil 
bring  back  my  youthful  ability  to  read  be¬ 
tween  the  lines  by  turning  on  the  acetylene 
gas. 

May  25.— The  boy  observed  a  small  fifth 
teat  on  a  young  heifer.  This  was  snipped 
off  close  up,  not  causing  a  drop  of  blood, 
and  will  be  the  making  of  a  much  nicer 
udder  when  a  cow.  The  potatoes  got  their 
third  working  to-day.  Somehow  we  think 
ours  just  a  little  better  than  any  we  have 
seen.  We  always  furrow  out.  drop,  step 
on  the  seed,  cover  lightly  with  hoe  and 
plant  our  foot  again  upon  the  finished  hill. 
Anyway,  we  always  have  good  potatoes. 
Being  in  a  furrow  we  can  harrow  twice 
without  injury  to  the  row,  and  mighty 
little  hoeing  is  ever  needed.  The  fourteen 
tooth  one  horse  “scratcher”  is  mostly  used. 
This,  a  single  shovel  plow  and  hoe,  make  a 
working  trio  unexcelled  for  quality  of  work 
and  cheapness  of  outfit.  Went  down  to  see 
the  Alfalfa.  It  is  in  the  farthest  corner, 
about  a  mile  from  the  house.  The  dry  Win¬ 
ter  and  Spring  have  shortened  it  somewhat 
and  the  next  cutting  will  show  it  more 
than  this  one.  I  sowed  the  first  seed  I 
ever  saw  over  25  years  ago.  I  offered  the 
first  freshly  raked  hay  at  two  dollars  per 
ton,  and  sold  but  little.  Only  succeeded 
in  selling  two  loads  in  the  city  at  $4 
per  ton.  Now  a  good  Alfalfa  field  is  pref¬ 
erable  to  a  good  bank  account.  Corn  is 
very  backward.  We  got  a  good  stand  and 
the  ground  is  clean.  The  ground  had  five 
workings  before  planting  and  retains  mois¬ 
ture  remarkably  well.  Got  out  the  thin 
covers  for  the  cows.  Two  straps  connected 


in  the  middle  by  a  ring  arc  buckled  above 
each  hock.  We  milk  with  safety  and  pleas¬ 
ure.  JOHN  E.  HINSHAW. 

Kansas. 

A  Western  New  York  Farm. 

June  2 — Had  company  last  night  so  did 
not  get  up  very  early.  Have  had  a  fine  rain 
and  as  we  like  to  keep  the  cultivators  go¬ 
ing  and  stir  the  soil  after  every  rain,  one 
team  has  been  using  the  disk  harrow  on 
the  peach  and  pear  orchard,  and  one  using 
the  three-section  spring-tooth  in  the  apple 
orchard.  The  three-sectioned  spring-tooth 
is  the  best  tool  to  reach  under  low-headed 
trees  I  ever  used.  You  need  not  let  the 
center  section  run  deep,  or  touch  at  all  if 
you  do  not  have  team  heavy  enough  to 
draw  it.  The  ground  works  like  a  garden 
and  the  apple  orchard  is  in  the  best  of 
shape.  Apples  growing  fine,  but  few  insects 
to  injure  the  foliage.  Have  sprayed  with 
lime  and  sulphur  one  to  40,  and  15  pounds 
arsenate  of  lead  to  200  gallons.  Last  year 
used  10  pounds  to  200  and  had  too  many 
wormy  apples.  Sprayed  just  before  the 
blossoms  opened,  and  after  they  had  fallen. 
Bought  a  barrel  of  arsenate  of  lead ;  paid 
for  400  pounds  and  found  only  330  pounds 
in  it.  Needed  some  more  and  went  to  a 
local  dealer  who  kept  another  brand ; 
bought  50  pound  keg  at  10  cents  per  pound. 
Paid  seven  cents  for  the  barrel.  The  dealer 
had  a  larger  keg  and  I  said  :  "That  has  100 
pounds  has  it?”  lie  smiled  and  said,  “I 
will  tell  you.  There  is  90  pounds  in  that 
keg.”  I  said,  “I  thought  that  had  100 
pounds  in  it.  Why  do  they  put  it  in  90- 
pound  kegs?”  "Well,”  he  said,  “if  they 
have  to  cut  prices  they  sell  it  for  100 
pounds.”  Moral :  Weigh  your  spray  ma¬ 
terials.  Baldwin  apples  are  a  light  crop, 
but  all  other  varieties  have  a  full  crop. 

Planted  an  acre  of  potatoes.  Fitted  the 
ground  when  we  did  the  corn  ground,  and 
it  was  in  the  best  of  condition  by  going 
over  with  the  spring-tooth.  Used  the  Planet 
Junior  to  open  up  lurrows  and  covered  with 
the  same. 

June  3 — Did  some  odd  jobs  to-day.  Drew 
the  coal  ashes  from  tenant  house,  and  dug 
a  cellar  drain  to  one  we  put  up  last  Fall. 
Expected  to  spray  a  few  prune  trees,  but 
did  not  get  at  it.  Have  had  some  trouble 
with  the  sediment  in  the  bottom  of  spray 
tank,  where  we  used  the  lime  and  sulphur 
and  ai'senate  of  lead.  Had  to  clean  our  the 
tank  every  day.  \\  e  have  a  power  sprayer 
and  it  was  kept  thoroughly  agitated.  The 
sides  and  bottom  would  be  coated  and  we 
would  have  to  take  a  broom  and  scrub  it 
hard  to  get  it  off.  delos  tenny. 

Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y. 

A  Hot  Day  in  Texas. 

June  3 — Hauled  and  stacked  balance  of 
three  loads  of  barley  hay.  Weather  hot  and 
dry  at  present.  This  work  is  best  done  when 
stuff  is  a  little  damp,  preventing  loss  of 
grain.  Next  we  dug  remainder  of  Irish 
Cobbler  potatoes,  about  15  bushels.  They 
yielded  well,  far  superior  to  Triumph.  This 
ended,  dinner  time  was  called  and  ail  hands 
did  justice  to  fried  (Spring*  chicken,  snap 
beans,  peas,  potatoes  and  gi'avy,  home- 
baked  bread,  blackberry  pie.  With  the 
thermometer  at  98  degrees  in  shade,  right 
after  diuuer,  it  was  too  unpleasant  to  go 
right  back  into  the  field  to  work.  Thus 
the  sickle  of  the  mowing  machine  was  put 
into  good  order  to  cut  the  second  growth 
of  Alfalfa  which  is  now  beginning  to  bloom 
freely  aud  ready  to  be  cut.  By  three 
o’clock  we  started  to  scatter  fertilizer  in 
rows  marked  out  for  a  late  crop  of  toma¬ 
toes  and  mixed  it  with  soil  with  a  harrow 
plow.  These  tomatoes  will  be  planted  with¬ 
in  a  week.  They  will  come  on  and  make 
a  fine  crop  when  the  early  plants  set  out 
give  way.  Some  green  feed  (corn  suckers) 
was  got  for  the  hogs.  This  completed  the 
afternoon  work  by  the  hired  help.  I  had 
some  business  at  the  blacksmith  shop  in 
town  and  seeing  about  getting  more  help 
for  hoeing  cotton  the  next  week. 

Texas.  j.  w  stubenrauch. 


CROP  NOTES. 

The  outlook  for  fruit  is  fairly  good,  most 
of  the  apple,  pear,  plum  and  cherry  trees 
blossomed  full,  and  the  young  fruit  seems 
to  be  set  well.  It  has  been  very  dry  all 
the  Spring  but  so  far  the  fruit  hangs  on 
well.  There  are  not  many  trees  being 
planted  around  here.  We  are  not  afraid 
of  growing  too  much  fruit  as  the  market 
is  good.  As  we  are  not  troubled  very  bad 
with  wormy  fruit  we  have  never  sprayed  at 
all  but  1  think  it  would  pay  to  spray. 

New  Hampshire.  B.  F.  c. 

We  are  rejoicing  to-day,  June  1,  over 
the  rain  yesterday,  which  has  done  a  great 
deal  of  good,  although  I  am  afraid  it  is  too 
late  to  save  the  hay  crop.  Our  corn  is  up 
nicely  aud  we  are  cultivating  it  as  fast  as 
we  can.  We  are  also  sowing  oats  and  peas 
for  the  third  time.  The  two  former  sowings 
were  nearly  failures  on  account  of  the 
drouth,  but  may  improve  now.  We  are 
making  530  quarts  of  milk  a  day  from  40 
cows,  which  we  think  is  pretty  good,  con¬ 
sidering  the  fact  that  there  has  been  but 
little  grass  for  them  so  far.  Our  new  pig¬ 
gery  is  almost  finished  and  we  are  increas¬ 
ing  our  herd  to  fill  it.  We  now  have  110 
March  and  April  pigs,  and  have  vaccinated 
them  so  they  will  not  get  the  cholera.  We 
have  had  two  outbreaks  here,  so  we  figure 
that  it  will  be  a  paying  venture  if  success¬ 
ful.  I  do  not  think  it  is  pimcticed  much  in 
the  Eastern  States.  C.  s.  g. 

Staten  Island,  N.  Y. 

The  past  month  has  been  variable,  ex¬ 
treme  heat  and  cold,  accompanied  by  a 
severe  drouth.  The  mercury  has  been  at  96 
degrees  several  times  and  then  dropping 
30  or  40.  We  have  not  had  a  good  warm 
Spring  rain.  Old  meadows  are  hurt  be¬ 
yond  relief ;  the  crop  will  be  light  and  poor 
in  quality.  Wheat  is  heading  out  very 
early  and  is  short.  Oats  have  come  up 
uneven.  Corn  is  doing  the  best  of  any 
crops.  Small  acreage  of  potatoes  planted  ; 
the  bugs  are  on  hand  for  them.  Orchards 
have  been  thoi'oughly  sprayed.  The  set  fbr 
fruit  on  Greenings  and  sweet  apples  is  good. 
Baldwins  are  shy.  Kings  and  Spies  are 
good.  Strawberries  have  been  hurt  by 
drouth.  Pears  and  plums  had  a  full  bloom, 
gooseberries  shy.  Cherries  will  be  fair 
crop.  Hard  fitting  land  for  beans  and  cab¬ 
bage  on  account  of  dryness.  Much  to  be 
done  yet  for  these  crops.  Cabbage  plants 
hurt  by  beetle  that  punctures  the  leaves 
with  holes.  Wheat  85  cents ;  oats  35,  corn 
60.  potatoes  40,  butter  18,  eggs  15,  veal 
5 lA,  pork  5J-4.  E.  t.  b 

Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y. 


6©2 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Woman  and  the  Home 


From  Day  to  Day. 

WATER  AND  TIDE. 

On  the  far  reef  the  breakers 
Recoil  in  shattered  foam, 

Yet  still  the  sea  behind  them 
Urges  its  forces  home; 

Its  chant  of  triumph  surges 

Through  all  the  thunderous  din — 
The  wave  may  break  in  failure, 

Rut  the  tide  is  sure  to  win  ! 

The  reef  is  strong  and  cruel; 

Upon  its  jagged  wall 
One  wave — a  score — a  hundred, 
Broken  and  beaten  fall ; 

Yet  in  defeat  they  conquer, 

The  sea  comes  flooding  in — 

Wave  upon  wave  is  routed, 

But  the  tide  is  sure  to  win  ! 


that  the  formula  of  the  compound 
should  be  printed  on  the  exterior  of 
every  container.  To  prove  that  mince¬ 
meat  may  consist  of  almost  anything 
the  professor  gives  one  established 
recipe  which  was  in  great  favor  in  days 
gone  by.  It  contained  among  other  in¬ 
gredients  orange  flower  water,  marma¬ 
lade,  peach  jam,  tripe,  rose  water,  Per¬ 
sian  dates  and  champagne.  It  is  cer¬ 
tainly  quite  right  that  the  mincemeat  of 
commerce  should  contain  nothing  but 
wholesome  ingredients  put  together  un¬ 
der  sanitary  conditions,  but  certainly 


school.  There  is  a  book  to  be  sure,  but 
with  52  descriptions  all  sounding  much 
alike  and  only  one  bird  you  want  at  the 
moment  to  know  the  name  of,  well, 
after  all  it  is  better  to  swallow  one’s 
queerness  and  ask.  So  one  morning  it 
is  just  a  small  gray  bird  at  the  back 
door,  and  he  keeps  saying  the  same 
thing  over  and  over,  and  once  he  flew 
under  the  wood  shed,  but  he  went  right 
up  under  the  roof  and  then  flew  out 
again. 

“Oh,  yes;  that’s  our  phoebe.  What 
color  did  you  say  he  was?”  Tins  was 


Government  authority  cannot  guarantee  so  like  the  Bird  Woman,  and  the  reason 
the  formula  used,  since  almost  every  one  they  hated  asking  her.  She  always 
differs  on  this  point.  Our  own  family  wanted  them  to  go  back  and  look  again. 


O  mighty  sea  !  thy  message 
In  clanging  spray  is  cast; 

Within  God's  plan  of  progress 
It  matters  not  at  last 
How  wide  the  shores  of  evil, 

How  strong  the  reefs  of  sin — 

The  wave  may  be  defeated,. 

But  the  tide  is  sure  to  win  ! 

— Priscilla  Leonard. 


Flossie  went  for  the  book  and  some 
one  else  asked,  “How  could  you  tell  it 
was  a  phoebe  and  not  a  sparrow  or  a 
catbird  ?” 

“But  phoebes  build  their  nests  up  un¬ 
der  shed  roofs  or  beneath  the  planks  of 
bridges  if  possible,  and  no  other  bird 
except  a  barn  swallow  would  think  of 
flying  up  to  the  rafters  and  then  flying 
down  to  get  out.  Most  birds  are  deter- 


recipe,  an  old-fashioned  English  one, 
contains  finely  chopped  beef  suet,  but 
no  meat,  and  we  like  it  much  better  than 
any  recipe  where  boiled  meat  is  used, 
but  a  person  always  accustomed  to  the 
use  of  meat  might  not  like  it  so  well. 

We  like  everything  very  well  chopped, 
too,  but  many  good  cooks  put  raisins 
in  their  mincemeat  whole,  merely  seed- 
*  ing  them  first.  Then  many  good  cooks 

Many  recipes  for  preparing  soups  and  either  heat  their  mincemeat  thoroughly  mined  to  fly  up  if  they  want  to  get 
stews  tell  the  cook  to  add  a  “soup  bou-  or  stew  it  before  putting  away,  and  out.” 
quet,”  which  is  a  mysterious  term  to  a  this  again  is  contrary  to  our  own  prac- 
good  many  housewives.  As  a  character-  tice,  so  it  is  evident  that  domestic  cooks 
istic  soup  bouquet  use  about  four  vary  quite  as  much  as  commercial  manu- 
branches  of  parsley,  well  rinsed,  one  facturers  in  their  definition  of  real 
sprig  of  celery,  a  sprig  of  thyme,  a  mincemeat, 
bay  leaf  and  two  cloves  folded  in  among  * 

the  parsley.  Fold  all  together  in  a  neat  This  season  we  are  beginning  to  see 
little  bundle,  tie  firmly  with  thread  or  a  g0od  many  automobile  coats  of  bright 
fine  twine  so  it  will  not  come  apart,  and  colors,  pink,  green,  blue  and  heliotrope, 
jour  .->oup  bouquet  is  ready  for  the  instead  of  the  dull  dust  colors  that  have 


stewpan. 

* 

Chocolate  jelly  is  a  delicious  dessert. 
It  requires  a  pint  of  milk,  half  a  pint 
of  cream,  half  a  cupful  of  melted  cho¬ 
colate,  half  a  pint  of  sugar  and  three 
liberal  tablespoonfuls  of  gelatine.  Boil 
the  milk  and  cream  together  for  a  mo¬ 
ment  or  two,  and  mix  the  sugar  and 
chocolate  together.  Thin  the  latter  mix¬ 
ture  with  a  little  of  the  boiled  milk  and 


been  so  much  worn.  We  feel  rather 
grateful  for  this  change  in  fashion,  for 
these  pretty  colors  take  away  outdoor 
monotony.  Of  course  changeable  silk, 
often  trimmed  with  ruching  and  cord¬ 
ing,  makes  the  handsomest  coats  for 
Summer  riding;  pongee  remains  very 
popular,  and  linen  is  always  in  style. 
But  linen  crumples  and  creases  so  easily 
that  such  a  coat  needs  constant  press¬ 
ing,  and  some  high-class  shops  are 


cream,  then  stir  them  into  it.  Beat  well  using  gingham  in  solid  colors,  which  is  won’t  sit  there  long. 


By  this  time  Flossie  had  the  place 
“Sayornis  phoebe.  Length  seven  inches, 
upper  parts  olive-brown ;  crown,  wings 
and  tail  darker.  Under  parts  white, 
slightly  washed  with  yellowish ;  a  touch 
of  white  on  outer  tail-feathers.  March 
to  October.  Raises  two  or  three 
broods.” 

“Come ;  what’s  the  use  of  reading  all 
that,”  Earl  interrupted.  “I  shall  know 
him  after  this.  Let's  see  if  there  are 
any  apples  left  down  cellar,”  and  away 
ran  the  two,  for  who  wants  to  study 
out  of  school ! 

But  that  night  after  school,  when  they 
and  the  Bird  Woman  were  putting  up 
a  wren  box  whose  doorway  they  had 
made  the  size  of  a  quarter  of  a  dollar 
to  keep  out  the  English  sparrows,  Earl 
shook  his  fist  at  a  little  gray  bird  on  the 
clothesline  post  and  said : 

Wait  till  I  get  my  air  rifle  and  you 


to  prevent  lumps,  boil  for  five  minutes, 
add  the  gelatine  (melted)  and  remove 
instantly  from  the  fire.  Strain  and  set 
where  it  will  become  cold,  then  turn  out 
of  its  mould  and  serve  with  cream. 

* 

One  of  our  friends  who  has  been  us¬ 
ing  aluminum  cooking  vessels  complains 
of  one  serious  trouble;  she  cannot  brown 


The  Bird  Woman  looked  surprised  for 
just  one  instant,  then  she  smiled,  but  the 
children  could  not  see  her  face. 

Flossie’s  mind  was  also  full  of  dislike 
for  the  noisy  English  sparrows  who 
drive  bluebirds  and  wrens  from  all  the 

,  ,  ...  ,  ,  .  ■  bird  houses  put  up  about  the  farmhouse, 

pretty  model  could  be  made  of  plain  and  she  added>  jugt  hate  them>  and  l 

fawn-colored  gingham  or  chambray,  wish  the  men  who  imported  them  had  to 


light-weight,  though  closely  woven  and 
does  not  crumple  like  the  linen.  Such 
coats  have  ornamental  buttons,  often 
fastening  with  cord  frogs,  and  a  collar 
and  cuffs  of  contrasting  material.  A 


with  large  collar  or  collar  and  revers 
and  cuffs  of  fawn  and  white  galatea,  or 


anything  nicely  in  an  aluminum  frying  any  other  color  scheme  desired  could  be 
pan.  She  says  she  has  to  put  the  pan  on  carried  out.  The  small,  close-fitting  hats 
to  heat  an  hour  or  more  before  using  it,  so  much  worn  this  season  are  very  com¬ 
as  these  vessels  heat  very  slowlj’,  and  fortable  for  motor  wear,  the  veil  of 
apparently  the  pan  parts  with  its  heat  chiffon  cloth  or  similar  material  being 
with  equal  slowness,  for  she  is  quite  arranged  any  way  the  wearer  chooses, 
unable  to  brown  anything  in  it.  We  do  While  there  is  a  wide  latitude  for  taste 


not  know  whether  this  is  true  of  all 
aluminum  vessels,  or  whether  it  is  pecu¬ 
liar  to  the  make  our  friend  is  using, 
but  it  seems  quite  a  serious  objection  to 
this  frying  pan.  Aluminum  is  so  light, 
clean  and  attractive  that  it  would  appear 
ideal  for  domestic  use;  it  neither  rusts 
nor  tarnishes,  under  any  ordinary  con¬ 
ditions,  and  thus  aluminum  egg  spoons, 
stewpans,  tea  strainers,  etc.,  will  save  a 
good  deal  of  work. 

* 

Dr.  Wiley,  chief  chemist  of  the  De¬ 


in  automobile  headgear,  the  styles  worn 
now  are  not  as  noticeably  different  from 
regular  walking  hats  as  formerly,  and  in 
the  cities  the  hats  worn  in  the  motor  are 
as  elaborate  as  would  be  worn  in  a 
carriage. 


A  Bird  Lesson. 

Flossie  and  Earl  call  themselves  “city 
greenies,”  though  it  is  doubtful  if  they 
would  like  others  to  give  them  the  name, 
and  one  of  the  ignorances  they  most  re¬ 


gret  is  that  they  cannot  tell  one  bird 
partment  of  Agriculture,  recently  held  from  another.  To  he  sure  the  children 
a  conference  with  various  manufactur-  at  the  district  school,  though  all  “coun- 
ers  to  determine  what  mincemeat  really  try  kids,”  are  not  usually  able  to  do 
is.  One  of  the  mincemeat  manufactur-  much  better,  but  they  are  offensively 


ers  engaged  a  distinguished  professor 
to  write  a  monograph  on  the  subject,  in 
which  he  starts  with  the  first  historical 
mention  of  mince  pie  in  the  fifteenth 
century  or  thereabout  and  works  up¬ 
ward  through  recipes,  nursery  rhymes 
and  modern  formulas  in  an  effort  to 
demonstrate  to  the  Food  and  Drugs 
Board  that  mincemeat  does  not  neces¬ 
sarily  contain  meat  and  that  it  may  con¬ 
sist  of  almost  anything  that  one  chooses 
to  put  in  it.  He  in  conjunction  with 
the  other  experts  argued  that  the  name 
“mincemeat”  should  be  retained  and 


scornful  if  one  does  not  know  a  crow 
or  a  robin.  One  boy,  who  never  says 
he  does  not  know  all  about  everything, 
is  sure  that  all  birds  not  crows  or  robins 
are  pewees,  but  at  home  there  is  the 


catch  everyone  and  send  it  back.” 

The  Bird  Woman  made  no  reply,  but 
soon  she  asked,  “What  is  it  singing?” 
Both  children  listened,  but  at  that  mo¬ 
ment  the  phoebe  on  the  post  flew  off  to 
snatch  a  gnat  or  two  from  a  cluster 
dancing  together  near  the  cellarway 
doors  which  stood  open. 

“That  bird  caught  a  fly  then,”  said 
Earl.  “I  did  not  know  sparrows  did 
that.” 

“They  don’t.  It  must  be  one  of  the 
fly-catcher  family,”  said  the  Bird 
Woman.  The  phoebe  repeated  the  per¬ 
formance,  and  Flossie  said,  “See  how 
funny  he  is,  flipping  his  tail  every  time 
he  alights.  He  acts  as  if  it  were  to 
balance  himself  on  the  twine.  It  isn’t, 
is  it?” 

“I  don’t  know,”  replied  the  Bird 
Woman,  “but  I  do  know  that  this  is  the 
only  sort  of  bird  I  have  even  seen  give 
just  that  gesture  with  his  tail.  So  if 
you  learn  the  gesture  you  will  always 
know  the  bird.” 

“But  suppose  he  is  on  the  ground  or 
flying?” 

“You  will  scarcely  ever  see  him  on 
the  ground,  for  he  catches  his  food  on 
the  wing,  and  he  is  pretty  sure  to  be 
sitting  on  a  post  or  dead  branch  where 
he  can  see  the  insects  in  the  air.  Of 
course  he  flies  about,  but  he  seldom  goes 
far,  and  if  you  watch  him  alight  you 
will  see  that  gesture,  that  flip  of  the 
tail  telling  you  his  name.” 

“Don’t  I  have  to  learn  his  colors?” 

“Well,  what  are  they?  Tell  the  upper 
parts  first.” 

“Just  plain  gray,  and  the  top  of  the 


June  17, 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

JUST  NOW  ! 

SerpentineCrepe  isthe  heightof  fashion 
—  the  prevailing  vogue.  It  makes  up 
into  the  most  artistic 
gowns,  kimonos, 
street  dresses,  loung¬ 
ing  robes,  outing 
suits,  shirtwaists  and 
children’s  dresses. 
Costs  so  little  that 
women  of  taste  and 
refinement  every¬ 
where  prefer 


The  beautiful  designs, 
as  well  as  the  black,  white 
and  all  the  fashionable 
plain  shades,  are  a  revelation  —  they 
are  really  exquisite.  You  should  see 
them!  To  see  them  is  to  buy  them! 
No  ironing  —  just  wash,  shake  out  and 
dry  it  —  lightens  household  cares! 

The  rich  character  and  long  wearing 
quality  are  guaranteed  bv  this 

Pacific  Mills  trade  mark  on  every 

piece.  Look  for  it  and  refuse 
the  cheap  imitations  that  disappoint. 

If  your  dealer  doesn’t  carry  the  genuine  trade 
marked  Serpentine  Crepe,  send  to  us  for  free 
samples  and  list  of  retailers  who  will  supply  you 

PACIFIC  MILLS  -  BOSTON,  MASS. 


AND  UP¬ 
WARD 


AMERICAN 

SEPARATOR 

This  Offer  Is  No  Catch! 

It  is  a  solid,  fair  and 
square  proposition  to 
furnish  a  brand  new,  well 
made  and  well  finished 
cream  separator  complete, 
subject  to  a  long  trial  and 
fully  guaranteed,  for 
S15.95.  It  skims  one 
quart  of  milk  per; 
minute,  warm  or  cold:* 
makes  heavy  or  light  cream) 
and  does  it  just  as  well  as* 
any  higher  priced  machine.  Designed  for  small 
dairies,  hotels,  restaurants  and  private 
families.  Different  from  this  picture,  which 
illustrates  our  large  capacity  machines.  Any 
boy  or  girl  can  run  it.  The  crank  is  only  5 
inches  long.  Just  think  of  that!  The  bowl  is 
a  sanitary  marvel,  easily  cleaned,  and  em¬ 
bodies  all  our  latest  improvements.  Gears  run 
in  anti-friction  hearings  and  are  thoroughly 
protected.  Before  you  decide  on  a  cream 
separator  of  any  capacity  whatever,  obtain  our 
S15.95  proposition.  Our  own  (the  manufac¬ 
turer’s)  twenty-year  guarantee  protects  you  on 
every  American  Separator.  We  ship  im¬ 
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small,  write  us  and  obtain  our  handsome  free 
catalog.  Address, 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO.,  ba.nKIn.y. 


DAISY  FLY  KILLER 

flies.  Neat,  clean, 
ornamental,  conven¬ 
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Henson.  Can'tspillor 
tip  over,  will  not  soil 
or  injure  anything. 
Guaranteed  effect¬ 
ive.  Of  nil  dealers  oi 
sent  prepaid  for  20c. 
HAROLD  80MKKS 
150  l)e  Kalb  Ave. 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


DO  YOU  NEED  FARM  HELP? 

The  Jewish  Agricultural  and  Industrial  A  1<I 
Society  has  on  its  lists  men  wishing  to  obtain  em¬ 
ployment  upon  farms.  Most  of  them  are  without 
experience,  but  they  are  able-bodied  and  willing 
to  work.  They  speak  little  or  no  English,  although 
many  of  them  speak  German.  If  you  can  make 
use  of  such  help,  please  communicate  with  us, 
stating  wiiat  you  will  pay,  whether  the  work  Is 
permanent,  and  whether  you  prefer  a  single  or  a 
married  man.  We  are  a  philanthropic  organiza¬ 
tion,  whose  object  it  is  to  assist  and  encourage 
Jews  to  become  farmers.  We  charge  no  commis¬ 
sion  to  employer  or  employee.  Address 
THE  J.  A.  &  I.  A.  S..  174  Second  Avenue.  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


Bird  Woman,  and  she  always  knows 
She  likes  to  have  people  ask  her,  too,  head  and  wings  and  tail  darkest” — sud 
but  she  usually  tells  too  much,  and  Flossie  paused,  and  at  the  same 


Flossie  and  Earl  are  queer,  and  would 
so  much  rather  tell  what  the}’  already 
know  than  be  told  anything. 

But  if  you  do  not  find  out  at  home 
of  the  Bird  Woman  you  cannot  have 
the  glory  of  telling  the  children  at 


moment  the  bird  again  fell  to  singing 
his  one  note  over  and  over. 

“Phoebe,  phoebe,”  or  “pe-wee,  pe-wee,” 
not  drawled,  but  sprightly  and  brisk. 

“Why,  it’s  the  phoebe  we  saw  this 
morning!”  cried  both  children  in  a 
breath,  and  the  Bird  Woman  said: 
“Yes,”  and  went  on  humming,  a.  m.  t. 


RUNNING  WATER 

WHEN  AND  WHERE  YOU  WANT  IT 

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attention  or  expense  to  main¬ 
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of  helpful  suggestions. 

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j911. 


THE  RURAI>  NBW-YORKEK 


093 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  alzvays  give 
number  of  patterns  and  measurements 
desired. 

The  blouse  that  is  closed  at  the  front 
is  a  smart  one  this  season  and  has  been 
heartily  welcomed  by  many  women. 
Here  is  a  model  that  can  be  made  with 


7017  Blouse  with  Body  and 
Sleeves  in  One,  34  to  42  bust. 

or  without  the  fancy  collar  and  with 
either  V-shaped  or  high  neck,  so  that 
it  becomes  adapted  to  a  number  of  uses. 
In  the  illustration  white  linen  is 
trimmed  with  rose  color,  but  such  a 
blouse  as  this  one  will  be  found  avail¬ 
able  for  almost  all  seasonable  materials 
of  the  simpler  sort.  It  is  well  adapted 
to  the  washable  ones  and  it  also  suits 
silk  and  French  flannels  and  materials 
of  the  kind  admirably  well.  The  collar 
with  the  square  sailor  back  is  a  feature 
and  a  smart  one.  The  sleeves  form  a 
part  of  the  blouse,  consequently  mak¬ 
ing  is  a  simple  matter.  The  blouse  is 
cut  in  two  pieces  that  are  joined  at  the 
center  back.  It  is  laid  in  two  tucks  over 
each  shoulder  that  provide  becoming 
fullness.  The  sleeves  are  gathered  into 
bands  and  these  bands  are  finished  with 
cuffs.  The  front  edges  are  turned  un¬ 
der  and  meet  at  the  center  over  an 
under-lap.  When  the  V-shaped  neck  is 
used,  the  collar  is  joined  to  the  neck 
edge.  When  high  neck  is  used,  the 
stock  collar  makes  the  finish  and  the 
fancy  collar  can  be  used  ©r  omitted,  as 


liked.  For  a  high  neck  waist,  a  pretty 
effect  can  be  obtained  by  making  the 
V-shaped  portions,  visible  above  the  col¬ 
lar,  of  all-over  embroidery,  lace  or  other 
contrasting  material.  For  a  woman  of 
medium  size  will  be  required  2^2  yards 
of  material  27,  3G  or  44  inches  wide, 


with  yard  27  for  collar  and  cuffs. 
The  pattern,  No.  7017,  is  cut  in  sizes 
for  a  34,  36,  38,  40  and  42  inch  bust 
measure;  price  10  cents. 

The  smaller  pictures  include  7024, 
tucked  blouse  or  shirt  waist,  with  long 
or  three-quarter  sleeves ;  34  to  42  bust. 
7025,  tucked  blouse  for  misses  and  small 
women,  with  body  and  sleeves  in  one; 
14,  16  and  18  years.  7006,  house  jacket; 
small,  34  or  36 ;  medium,  38  or  40 ;  large, 
42  or  44  bust.  6919,  five-gored  skirt 
with  tuck  to  give  tunic  effect;  22  to  30 
waist.  7018,  five-gored  skirt  with  high 
or  natural  waist  line,  with  habit  back  or 
inverted  plaits,  with  or  without  slightly 
circular  flounce ;  22  to  34  waist.  7026, 
child’s  French  dress,  with  square  or 
high  neck,  long  or  short  sleeves ;  2,  4 
and  6  years ;  price  of  each  10  cents. 


A  Fair  Exchange. 

Away  up  on  a  mountain  side  in  Ver¬ 
mont  lives  a  woman  of  middle  age  who 
was  married  at  15,  and  who  has  reared 
six  children  to  maturity.  She  has  al¬ 
ways  been  poor,  and  has  always  taken  in 
washing.  She  tells  of  one  Summer 
when  she  did  19  washings,  big  and  little, 
every  week,  and  at  the  same  time  she 
was  putting  up  six  dinners  a  day,  as 
the  children  had  far  to  go  to  school.  It 
has  been  a  hard  life,  especially  as  she 
has  a  troublesome  heart  that  gives  her 
many  distressful  illnesses. 

Down  in  a  village,  six  miles  away, 
lives  another  woman  of  the  same  age, 
the  wife  of  a  professional  man  in  easy 
circumstances.  The  mountain  woman 
does  the  village  woman’s  washing.  One 
day  the  village  woman  was  wondering 
where  she  could  place  good  papers,  after 
they  were  read,  so  that  they  might  give 
pleasure  to  more  people.  An  inspiration 
came  to  her  to  put  some  in  the  bag  of 
soiled  clothes,  with  a  note  asking  the 
mountain  woman  if  she  knew  of  any 
one  who  would  like  such  papers.  A 
note  came  back  in  the  clean  clothes, 
saying  that  they  would  he  more  than 
acceptable  in  her  own  family.  Both 
families  were  pleased,  for  the  village 
woman  much  disliked  to  throw  away 
such  papers  as  “The  Youth’s  Compan¬ 
ion”  and  “The  Christian  Herald,’  and 
yet  had  not  room  to  store  an  unlimited 
number.  So  the  papers  began  regularly 
to  go  up  the  mountain.  Very  soon  it  was 
proved  that  this  was  not  to  he  a  one¬ 
sided  affair,  for  down  from  the  moun¬ 
tain  with  the  clean  clothes,  came  now 
and  then  a  nice  squash,  a  bottle  of  maple 
syrup,  or  cakes  of  maple  sugar,  a  few 
good  apples  when  apples  were  scarce  in 
the  village  stores,  butternuts  in  their 
season,  and  such  country  products  as 
were  most  acceptable  to  the  village 
woman.  The  two  women  rarely  met, 
but  when  they  did  meet  the  mountain 
woman,  with  all  her  drawbacks  in  life, 
showed  herself  of  a  most  cheerful  dis¬ 
position,  and  gifted  with  a  bright  in¬ 
telligence  which  made  it  easy  to  see  why 
she  liked  the  reading  and  found  time 
for  it  in  her  busy  life.  Once  there 
came  a  note  with  the  clean  clothes,  ask¬ 
ing  if  the  village  woman  had  any  rags 
that  she  could  spare,  that  the  old  lady 
of  the  mountain  woman’s  family  could 
have  to  braid  into  rugs.  With  the  re¬ 
quest  came  the  offer  to  pay  for  them, 
for  this  woman  had  sturdy  New  Eng¬ 
land  independence,  ’way  through.  Again 
the  village  woman  was  glad  to  pass  over 
various  pieces,  and  garments  that  were 
“too  good  to  throw  away  and  not  quite 
good  enough  to  wear,”  but  she  wanted 
no  money  of  course  for  such  things. 
Among  these  things  the  woman  of  the 
mountain  found  garments  that  she  said 
she  should  wear  before  they  were  put 
into  rugs.  This  opened  another  line  of 
exchange.  So  still  down  from  the 
mountain  come  pop  corn,  pumpkins  and 
kindred  supplies,  and  up  the  mountain 
go  papers  and  other  second-hand  ar¬ 
ticles.  It  is  a  fair  exchange,  and  a 
benefit  to  each  family.  e.  f.  m. 


Fairfield  Cake. 

The  recipe  came  to  Mary  from  her 
mother,  who  got  it  from  a  sister-in-law 
living  in  Fairfield,  Maine,  where  it  is 
supposed  to  have  originated.  It  is  an 
agreeable  change  from  the  varieties  of 
plain  cake  ordinarily  found  on  the  every¬ 
day  table,  and  is  economical  and  easily 
made.  Mary’s  husband  calls  it  glorified 
gingerbread,  but  though  he  is  not  fond 
of  gingerbread  and  never  eats  it  ex¬ 
cept  when  piping  hot  from  the  oven  and 
then  with  a  liberal  application  of  butter, 
it  is  noticeable  that  whenever  Fairfield 
cake  appears  upon  the  table  he  eats  his 
share  of  it  cheerfully  and  without  any 
urging.  Here  is  Aunt  Hester’s  recipe : 
Put  one  cup  of  molasses  into  a  cake 
bowl  and  stir  into  it  two  cups  of  flour 
and  a  little  salt.  Put  one  teaspoonful 
of  baking  soda  into  a  teacup  and  fill 
the  cup  with  hot  water.  Stir  water  and 
soda  immediately  into  the  mixture  in 
the  bowl,  then  beat  in  the  yolk  of  one 
egg  and  one  tablespoonful  of  melted 
shortening.  Add  one  teaspoonful  each 
of  ginger,  ground  cloves  and  cinnamon. 
Beat  all  well  together.  Bake  in  three 
shallow  tins.  P'rosting:  Boil  one  cup 
of  sugar  with  four  tablespoon  fuls  of 
water  until  it  threads.  Pour  it  over  the 
beaten  white  of  the  egg,  stirring  until 
it  is  almost  cool.  Flavor  with  lemon. 
Put  between  the  layers  of  cake  and  on 
the  top. 

Mary  uses  a  recipe  of  her  mother’s 
which  is  fine  for  those  who  like  caraway 
seed  in  cake :  Beat  in  a  bowl  one  egg 
lightly,  add  gradually  one  cup  of  granu-. 
lated  sugar,  beating  the  mixture  all  the 
time,  then  pour  in  half  a  cup  of  milk, 
and  before  mixing  with  the  sugar  and 
egg  add  3}4  cups  of  flour  with  three 
teaspoonfuls  of  baking  powder  sifted 
through  it.  Stir  well,  then  add  half  a 
cup  of  melted  butter  and  one  teaspoon¬ 
ful  of  caraway  seed.  Stir  till  fine  and 
white,  then  drop  it  into  a  buttered  pan 
and  pat  out  evenly  with  a  spoon  dipped 
in  water.  Sprinkle  with  sugar  and  bake. 
Cut  in  squares  and  keep  in  a  tin  recep¬ 
tacle,  under  lock  and  key  if  there  are 
children  in  the  family,  otherwise  you 
won't  find  any  when  you  want  some  for 
the  supper  table,  so  Mary  says. 

LOUISE  PRINCE  FREEMAN. 


TV n ex  you  write  advertisers  mention  Ttir 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.*  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


ASK  F0i» 


wfifC-U-iPATOFr.  /* 

LEDdysto'v  \ 

PRINT 

I— ■  I 

What  a  waste  of  time  to 
make  adress  that  fades  after 
'all  the  work  thatis  put  upon  it! 

Simpson-Eddystcne 

Fast  Hazel  Brown  Prints 

are  the  genuine  fadeless 
brown  cotton  dress-goods. 

These  durable  calicoes, 
backed  by  68  years’  repu¬ 
tation,  are  made  of  well- 
woven  first-quality  cotton 
cloth  ;  and  the  rich  lustrous 
color  is  absolutely  fast  to 
soap,  perspiration,  and  sun¬ 
light.  “Worth  making  up.’’ 
Numerous  attractive  de¬ 
signs. 

Show  this  advertisement  to 
lyour  dealer  when  you  order,  and 
Idon’t  accept  substitutes.  If  not 
lin  your  dealer’s  stock  write  us 
Ihis  name  and  address.  We’ll 
Ihelp  him  supply  you. 
iThc  Eddystonc  Mfg.  Co.,  Phila. 

|  Founded  1842  by  Vm.  Simpson  Sr. 


1?I0  DAYS  FREE  TRIAL 

We  ehip  on  approval  without  a  rent 
deposit,  freight,  prepaid.  DON'T 
PAY  A  CENT  if  you  aro  not  uatisfied 
after  using:  the  bicyclo  10  days. 

DO  NOT  BUY  of  tires  from  anyone 

at  any  price  until  you  roceive  our  latest 
art  catalogs  illustrating  every  kind  of 
bicycle,  and  have  learned  our  unheard  of 
prices  and  marvelous  new  offers. 
njlC  OCMT  is  all  it  will  cost  you  to 
I#  SN  t  V  kll  I  write  a  postal  rind  every¬ 
thing  will  bo  sent  you  free  postpaid  by 
return  mail.  You  will  get  much  valuable  in¬ 
formation.  Do  not  wait,  write  it  now 
TIKES,  Coaster  -  Brako  rear 
wheels,  lamps,  sundries  at  half  usual  pi'icc3% 

MeadCyc/oCo.  Dept,  b80  Chicago 


HPMIM  95  hills  Prairie  Dogs, 

Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
and  Grain  Insects. 
“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  yon  can  stop  their 

%'ith  “  Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  dSlSS 

EDWAIU)  It.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. 


FUMA 


Uneeda  Biscuit  are  the  perfect 
soda  crackers.  The  flour  used  must 
meet  a  perfect  test.  The  very  purity 
of  the  water  is  made  doubly  sure.  Even 
the  air  in  the  mixing  and  bake  rooms  is 
filtered.  The  temperature  and  humidity  of 
the  atmosphere  is  accurately  regulated  to  a  uni¬ 
form  degree.  The  sponge  is  kneaded  by  polished 
paddles.  The  baking  is  done  in  the  cleanest  of 
modern  ovens.  Then  Uneeda  Biscuit  are  Jj 
packed  fresh  in  the  purple  and  white  pack- 
age  that  keeps  them  crisp  and  good  from 
oven  to  table.  Is  it  any  wonder  that  Mm 


are  recognized  as  the 
National  Soda 
Cracker? 


In  the  moisture-proof 

j§|  package  •• 


NA^IOHAL  BISCUIT  COM 


©04 


STI-IEJ  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


June  17, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

THE  “ALL  AROUND”  SHORTHORN  COW. 

The  opponents  of  the  dual-purpose 
cow  die  hard,  but  they  are  coming  over 
one  by  one,  and  if  they  would  study  the 
records  of  their  favorite  dairy  breeds 
and  compare  them  with  the  high  stand¬ 
ard  that  they  have  'set  for  the  dual- 
purpose  cow  they  would  be  wonderfully 
surprised  at  the  small  number  of  cows 
they  would  find  that  could  come  up  to 
that  mark,  and  would  be  led  to  conclude 
that  the  Short-horn  cow  was  not  such  a 
poor  one  after  all.  She  is  rapidly  gain¬ 
ing  in  popularity  among  a  large  class  of 
eastern  farmers  who  are  beginning  to 
realize  that  the  time  is  near  when  the 
beef  cattle  of  this  country  will  have  to 
be  produced  by  the  farmer,  and  they 
want  a  cow  that  will  make  a  good  profit 
in  the  dairy  while  her  calf  is  growing 
on  the  separator  milk  into  an  animal 
that  will  make  good  in  the  feed  lot.  The 
dual-purpose  cow  fills  the  bill  nicely, 
not  the  Short-horn  alone,  but  the  Brown 
Swiss  and  Red  Polls  as  well. 

In  regard  to  the  Short-horns  not  mak¬ 
ing  good  in  the  Columbian  dairy  tests, 
I  will  give  the  facts  as  I  have  read 
them  and  leave  it  to  readers  to  decide 
which  came  the  nearest  to  making  good. 
When  it  was  decided  to  make  those  tests 
the  different  cattle  breeding  associations 
agreed  to  put  in  working  dairies  of  their 
breeds,  and  while  the  Short-horn  Asso¬ 
ciation  knew  they  could  not  hope  to 
beat  the  Channel  Island  cattle  they  en¬ 
tered  the  tests  to  show  that  their  cows 
could  make  a  satisfactory  profit  in  the 
dairy.  Mr.  Hines,  the  commissioner  who 
had  them  in  charge,  in  his  report  says : 
“To  prove  that  the  Short-horn  herd  as 
a  whole,  good,  bad  and  indifferent,  in 
the  90-day  test,  with  all  the  unfavorable 
surroundings,  showed  themselves  dairy 
cattle,  I  will  simply  state  that  the  24 
cows  actually  gave  GG, 26314  pounds  of 
milk,  showing  2410  pounds  of  fat,  equiv¬ 
alent  to  3012 pounds  of  80  per  cent 
butter,  which  amounts  to  an  average 
of  over  l  2-5  pounds  per  day  for  the  24 
cows  that  participated  in  this  test.  In 
the  15-day  cheese  test  25  cows  gave 
12,186.9  pounds  of  milk  and  only  lacked 
a  small  fraction  of  an  average  of  three 
pounds  of  cheese  each  per  day.  In  the 
30-day  butter  test  15  cows  gave  15,618.3 
pounds  of  milk,  662.66  pounds  of  butter 
and  made  a  net  profit  of  $199,134.  In 
the  heifer  test  lasting  21  days  the  six 
heifers  gave  2581  pounds  of  milk  and 
122.362  pounds  of  butter,  and  a  net  profit 
of  $47.42.”  So  much  for  the  Short-horn. 

In  the  “Breeders’  Gazette”  for  Janu¬ 
ary  25  preceding  the  test,  there  was  a 
statement  that  the  American  Jersey  Cat¬ 
tle  Club  had  assembled  at  Jackson  Park 
over  50  cows  in  preparation  for  the  com¬ 
ing  battle  of  the  breeds,  and  that  they 
were  capable  of  making  from  three  to 
nearly  five  pounds  of  butter  per  day,  a 
statement  that  gave  the  other  breed  as¬ 
sociations  such  a  shock  that  with  the 
exception  of  the  Short-horn  and  Guern¬ 
sey  they  all  laid  down  and  quit  right 
there.  In  the  90-day  test  there  were  but 
five  Jersey  cows  that  were  able  to  make 
two  pounds  of  butter  per  day;  their 
average  was  2.19  pounds.  In  the  30-day 
test  there  were  but  four  cows  that 
reached  the  two-pound  mark,  and  one 
of  those  was  the  Short-horn  Kitty  Clay 
4th.  The  Jerseys  showed  only  five  sure- 
enough  two-pound  cows,  out  of  the  30 
that  were  used  during  the  tests,  and 
these  were  the  select  from  the  50  that 
were  said  to  be  able  to  make  from 
three  to  five  pounds  of  butter  per  day, 
and  were  fed  by  an  expert  hired  at  a 
high  price  to  put  them  through  for  all 
they  were  worth.  Now,  which  made 
good  at  the  New  York  Experiment 
Farm  at  Geneva?  A  test  of  all  breeds 
was  carried  on  for  over  a  year,  and  I 
find  in  the  fourteenth  Annual  Report 
of  the  director  of  the  Station  that  as  a 
profitable  milk  producer  the  Short-horn 
stands  on  an  equal  footing  with  the 
Holstein  at  the  head  of  the  list,  and  as 
an  economical  butter  and  cheese  pro¬ 
ducer  the  Short-horn  is  at  the  top.  I 
will  say  nothing  about  the  up-to-date 
records  of  the  Short-horn  cows,  as  Mr. 
Simpson  in  his  excellent  article  on  page 
445  gives  some  good  ones,  and  there  are 
more  to  follow.  A.  H.  prince. 

Schuyler  Co.,  N.  Y. 


MRS.  HOG  AS  MONEY  EARNER. 

I  note  your  cow  and  hog  contest  in 
The  R.  N.-Y.  Everybody  seems  to  have 
his  pet  theory  in  regard  to  some  especial 
stock.  We  have  cows,  hens  and  one 
sow,  but  from  a  financial  standpoint 
the  hog  has  proved  the  best  investment, 
with  the  least  amount  of  cost  and  care. 
She  is  seven  years  old  and  has  farrowed 
120  pigs  in  that  time,  two  litters  a  year 
except  once.  Her  smallest  litter  was 
her  first,  nine  pigs ;  her  largest,  one  year 
ago  last  May,  14  pigs.  Two  weeks  ago 
she  had  13,  and  to  all  appearance  is 
good  for  more  litters.  Although  she 
is  large  and  generally  gets  on  to  two 
or  three  before  they  get  strong,  she  is 
a  great  milker  and  we  expect  to  raise 
from  eight  to  10  of  each  litter.  She  is 
a  mixture  of  four  breeds,  Poland  China, 
Chester  White.  Duroc  Red  and  York¬ 
shire,  and  there  are  apt  to  be  pigs  of 
all  colors,  but  they  all  do  well,  and  sell 
well.  Although  1  admire  a  purebred 
animal  of  any  kind,  I  doubt  if  you  could 
find  one  that  would  discount  this  one 
as  a  business  proposition,  and  I  don't 
own  a  cow  that  can  show  a  profit  with 
this ’old  SOW.  H.  D.  WHITNEY. 

New  Hampshire. 

R.  N.-Y. — Now  we  want  the  record 
showing  what  this  sow’s  yearly  pig  crop 
is  worth.  Will  Mr.  Whitney  enter  her 
in  the  “contest”  we  hope  to  start  in  the 
Fall?  We  would  like  to  have  cows, 
hogs,  sheep  and  hens  all  represented  on 
a  money  basis;  that  is,  figured  at  what 
the  animals  would  cost  at  ordinary  sale. 


A  SILO  FOR  THE  SMALL  FARMER. 

Tell  W.  W.  Farnsworth,  page  614, 
that  if  he  had  two  small  round  silos, 
about  10x24  (that  is  about  the  smallest 
practical  size),  he  could  fill  them  both 
in  the  Fall  and  not  touch  one  until 
Spring,  and  it  would  work  all  right. 
Each  one  will  hold  from  four  to  five 
acres  of  good  corn,  and  more  if  the  corn 
is  small.  We  have  just  finished  feeding 
three  head  of  cattle  from  one  of  this 
size.  We  fed  down  one  half  of  the  silo 
about  four  feet,  and  then  covered  it 
with  straw  and  horse  manure  and  spoilt 
silage  from  the  top  of  the  other  half, 
treading  it  well.  Then  we  fed  the  other 
half  down  eight  feet,  or  four  feet  be¬ 
low  the  level  of  the  first  half,  and  re¬ 
peated.  Of  course  some  spoilt,  but 
spoilt  silage  makes  excellent  manure.  I 
think  it  would  pay  to  have  the  corn¬ 
stalks  cut  for  this  purpose  alone,  even 
if  a  cutting  outfit  does  cost  $1.50  an 
hour,  as  it  does  here.  I  know  from  ex¬ 
perience  that  silage  is  the  cheapest  and 
best  food  for  all  live  stock  on  the  farm. 
As  a  Winter  egg  producer  it  is  unex¬ 
celled,  and  when  a  ton  of  silage  worth 
$4  will  save  a  ton  of  hay  worth  $16  in 
wintering  cows  or  horses,  and  saves 
grain  in  fattening  pigs,  no  farmer  with 
three  or  more  head  of  cattle  can  afford 
to  be  without  a  silo.  c.  c.  clement. 

Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y. 


PIGS  ON  PURCHASED  FEED. 

Will  pigs  pay  when  one  has  to  huy  all 
the  food  for  them?  Suppose  I  get  about  50 
or  100  of  them ;  there  is  a  handy  market 
here;  I  have  a  large  pasture  which  I  could 
fence  in  and  let  them  out  at  the  right  time. 

F.  K. 

We  have  known  of  one  or  two  parties 
who  made  a  little  money  from  feeding 
pigs  when  practically  all  of  the  food  was 
purchased,  but  in  these  cases  the  pigs 
were  bought  when  the  market  was  low 
and  sold  when  the  price  advanced.  In 
other  words,  these  were  cases  of  suc¬ 
cessful  speculation.  Pigs  weighing  from 
50  pounds  to  200  pounds  will  require  an 
average  of  about  450  pounds  grain  to 
produce  100  pounds  live  weight,  where 
grain  alone  is  fed.  It  will  not  need  the 
services  of  a  Philadelphia  lawyer  to 
show  from  these  figures  that  pork  must 
sell  at  a  big  price  in  order  to  make  a 
profit  from  this  method  of  feeding.  If 
there  is  a  considerable  amount  of  White 
clover  in  your  pasture  you  could  prob¬ 
ably  produce  100  pounds  pork  with 
somewhat  less  grain.  You  will  need  to 
provide  shelter  from  cold  rains  and  from 
the  heat  of  the  Summer  sun.  If  your 
pasture  can  be  plowed  you  might  fence 
off  a  few  acres  and  sow  rape.  One  good 
acre  of  rape  is  worth  more  for  pigs 
than  20  acres  of  ordinary  pasture  where 
coarse  grasses,  sedges  and  weeds  pre¬ 
vail.  In  preparing  old  sod  for  rape  plow 
early  in  May,  disk  it  thoroughly  and 
harrow  at  frequent  intervals  until  the 
end  of  June,  or  when  the  sod  is  well 
rotted  and  pulverized.  A  good  acre  of 
rape  will  carry  from  25  to  40  pigs  for 
the  Summer — with  some  grain  of  course 
— for  young  pigs  will  not  make  satis¬ 
factory  gains  on  rape  alone.  The  rape, 
however,  will  save  at  least  one  ton  of 
middlings.  C.  s.  M. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Tirr: 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

Farmers  New 
Making  Cheese 

Invention  of  Wonderful  Com¬ 
plete  Cheese-Making  Outfit 
Enables  Every  Farm  Home  to 
Make  Cheese  at  a  big  Profit. 


It  is  no  longer  necessary  for  Farmers  to  buy 
Btore  cheese  at  a  high  price,  or  sell  their  milk  to 
the  Cheese  Trust  at  a  low  price.  A  clever  inven¬ 
tor  has  perfected  a  Complete  Cheese-Making 
Outfit  which  enables  every  Farmer  to  make  either 
a  soft,  rich,  granular,  or  American  Cheddar 
cheese  right  at  home  either  for  his  own  con¬ 
sumption  or  for  sale  to  Dealers. 

Outfit  consists  of  the  following:  One  Cheese 
Press,  One  Horizontal  Curd  Knife,  One  Perpen¬ 
dicular  Curd  Knife,  One  Dairy  Thermometer, 
One  Bottle  Rennett  Extract,  One  Bottle  Col¬ 
oring  Matter  and  One  Mold.  This  Complete 
Cheese-Making  Outfit  is  sold  direct  from  factory 
to  farm  at  one  small  profit  over  actual  cost  to 
manufacture.  It  is  simple,  inexpensive,  easily 
operated  and  pays  for  itself  in  a  very  short  time. 

Capacity  of  this  Outfit  is  from  25  to  40  quarts, 
making  a  cheese  weighing  from  eight  to  ten 
pounds.  With  milk  selling  around  80  and  90  cents 
per  hundred,  any  Farmer  can  save  about  one- 
third  of  the  price  he  pays  for  store  cheese,  and 
at  the  same  time  have  an  outlet  for  either  his 
whole  or  skimmed  milk.  This  excellent  home¬ 
made  cheese  sells  readily  to  the  Dealer  at  a  big 
profit,  either  for  cash  or  in  exchange  for  goods. 

This  wonderful  Complete  Cheese-Making  Outfit 
is  manufactured  by  the  Holland  Sporting  Goods 
Mfg.Co.,  Dept.  E  Holland,  Mich.  Every  Farmer 
should  write  them  for  full  description  of  the  Out¬ 
fit,  prices,  etc.,  and  exact  directions  telling  how 
to  make  cheese  at  a  profit  right  on  the  farm. 


WISKER’S  SEPARATORS 

Skim  Closer,  Run  Easier, 
Last  Longer  and  Clean 
Easier  Than  All  Others 

Let  us  send  one  on  30  Days  Trial 

WISNER  MFG.  CO. 

230  GREENWICH  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

Everything  for  Dairymen  Always 
in  Stock 


80  lbs.  More  Milk 

IN  3  DAYS 

Resulted  from  usini?  “Will-Kill-Fliea” 
on  twenty-two  cows- kept  them  free  from 
flies  and  increased  milk  flow  80  lbs.  in  8  days. 

WILL-KILL-FLIES 

the  most  effective  liquid  spraying  preparation  and 
perfect  disinfectant,  kills  flies  and  all  insect  pests  ] 
that  annoy  your  stock  and  poultry — that  means  moro 
milk,  more  e^gs,  healthy,  contented  cattle. 

Free  Test  at  our  Expense 

We’ll  send  you,  express  prepaid  east  of  Rocky 
Mountains,  1  gallon  of  “Will-Kill-Flies”  and  a 
sprayer,  on  receipt  of  $JJ.00and  dealer’s  name. 

^If  it  doesn’t  satisfy  vou  in  every  respect,  we  willj 
refund  money.  Lasts  longer  and  accom- ^ 
plishes  more  than  other  preparations. 

EUREKA  MOWER  COMPANY 
Box  964,  Utica,  N.  Y. 


EXCELSIOR  SWING  STANCHION 

Warranted  The  Best.  30  Days’  Trial, 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  when  open 
Noiseless  Simple  Sanitary  Durable 

The  Wasson  Stanchion  Co., 
Box  CO,  Cuba,  N.  Y. 


YOUNG  MEN  WANTED  to  learn 

VETERINARY  profession.  Catalogue 
free.  Grand  Rapids  Veterinary 
College,  Dep.15,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


DOGS 


PHI  I  1C  PI  I  DC— From  imported  stock.  Females 

UULLlL  rUrO  cheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 


II  ODSES 


Percheron  and  Beluian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 

at  farmers’  prices.  A.  VV.  GREEN,  Route  1. 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown.  O. 


SWIUE 


SHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNES,  Oxford.  N.  Y. 


Mlllo.fnnt  Pi(ro~I'>thersox;  pure  blood;  Kreglow 
lllUIC  IliUI  1I50  strain.  Prices  reasonable.  .J.N. 
McPHERSON,  Pine  View  Farm,  Scottsville,  N.  Y- 


nilRflP  PIGS.  $6  and  $7  each,  Pedigreed.  Angora 
UUilUU  Kittens.  Serene  Wickes,  De  Graff,  O. 


DUROC  PIGS,  $7 


MAPLE  FARM 
Calverton.  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 


mipnnc  the  big,  deep  fellows 

UWfltSUO  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SIIENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 


CTERLINO  HILL  FA  KM  S-CHESB I  RE 
SWINE— Orders  booked  for  Spring  Pigs  reg¬ 
istered  stock  and  grades;  large  litters  and  best  of 
breeding.  Bigelow  &  Swain,  Ogdensburg,  Sussex  Co.,  N.J. 


LARGE  ENGLISH  YORKSHIRES. 

Last  Fall  Pigs  from  Prize  Winning.  Registered 
Stock,  for  sale  at  reasonable  prices. 

CHAS.  W.  SWITZER  -  -  SOUTH  EUCLID,  OHIO. 


LARGE  BERKSHIRES 

Not  the  cheapest,  but  the  best.  Special  offering  of 
Spring  pigs,  single  or  matod,  for  breeding.  Cata¬ 
logue  on  application. 

WILLOUGHBY  FARM,  Gettysburg!! ,  Pa 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


‘ The 

Guernseys 

have  proven  them¬ 
selves 


Highest  Quality  and  Best  Color 


The  prepotency  of  the  Guernsey  Bail  or  his 
ability  to  stamp  the  desirable  characteristics  of  the 
breed  on  his  offspring 

Makes  him  most  valuable  for  improving  the 
common  dairy  stock  of  any  section. 


A  Dairy  of  Grade  Guernseys  will  give  Rich, 
Fine-Flavored,  High- Colored  Milk, 
Cream  and  Butter. 


FURTHER  INFORMATION  REGARDING  THE  GRADE 
GUERNSEYS  BY  ADDRESSING 

The  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club 

Box  R  PETIBBORO,  N.  II. 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN  ASS’N  OF  AMERICA 
k.l.houghton.sec’y.boxios.brattleboro.vt. 


JUNE  OFFERING 

Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford,  Conn. 
Fantim’s  Zac,  Taylor,  imported  Guernsey  bull,  head 
of  our  herd,  is  offered  for  sale  to  avoid  inbreeding. 
One  of  the  grandest  individuals  in  the  U.  S.  and 
perfect  in  every  detail.  Photo,  on  request. 

One  registered  Berkshire  Boar,  seven  monthsold. 

One  magnificent  Chester  White  Boar,  14  months 
old,  at  a  sacrifice. 

Eight,  four  and  five  months  old  Jersey  Bulls  (Reg.) 
from  32-30  pound  stock  and  Pogis  blood. 

Wo  will  guarantee  that  tho  above  stock  is  porfect 
and  cannot  he  beat  at  tho  price,  or  wo  will  refund 
your  money  and  your  carfare. 


ftlBft  HOLSTEINS 

aro  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot- of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELVOU,  Somerville,  N.  J. 


REG.  HOLSTEIN  MALE  CALVES 

■  Closely  related  to  champions  of  the  world  Hj 
at  farmers’  prices.  Fine  individuals,  nicely  gj 
marked.  Fifty  per  cent  bolow  valuo. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Write  today,  g} 

F.  H.  RIVENBURGH,  H1LLHURST  FARM,  MUNNSVILLE,  N.  Y. 


Robinson’s  HOLSTEINS  are  Producers 

They  are  Tuberculin  Tested.  Forty  just  fresh  and 
that  will  freshen  in  the  next  two  months,  with 
milk  records  from  8.000  to  12.000  lbs.  in  the  last 
year.  V.  D.  ROBINSON,  KDMK8TON,  N.  Y. 


AT  LAUREL  FARM 

we  have  on  hand  some  half-dozen  sons  of  Fern's 
Jubiloe,  73852,  A.  J.  C.  C.,  from  ten  months  down 
to  a  few  days  old.  All  out  of  good  cows.  Discount 
prico  for  next  thirty  days. 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N,  Y. 


FOR  SALE-GRADE  GUERNSEYS  BE,  T?: 


Breed  Up— Not 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  It.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Millr  PrnrJirrppc  f°r  Now  York  City  market 
iillm  nuuui/Clo  desiring  information  how  to 
form  branches  of  tho  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
tho  Secrotury,  ALBERT  Manning,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 


S'W"ITVT33 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  ,  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


REGISTERED  BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

From  Son  of  Berryton  Duke,  Jr.,  77341,  and 
well  bred  Sows. 

JERSEY  BULLS  ALL  SOLO.  SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED. 

CHAS.  B.  DAYTON,  Supt. 
Sheldoucroft,  •  -  Silver  Lake,  Pa. 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.-?;^ 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Pioprietor,  Marbletlale,  Conn. 


I  ARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHW00D  -  Regular  Summer 
Offering  of  Bred  Sows.  Eighty  at  our  home  farm, 
8  to  10  months  old,  some  of  them  bred ;  selected  from 
large  litters  out  of  mature  dams.  $35  up.  Come  and 
look  them  over.  H.  C.  8  H.  B.  HARPENDING,  Dundee.  N.Y. 


Alfalfa  Lodge  Yorkshires  “ 

]\/[Y  herd  contains  Grand  Champion  Sow  at  N.  Y. 

Statu  Fair,  1907-1908;  also  First  Prize  Sow  at 
Canada  Mid-winter  Fair,  1908,  and  fifty  other  brood 
sows  from  imported  stock  of  tho  following  families: 
Fame,  Maiden,  Cinderella,  Princess,  etc.  April 
pigs  for  sale. 

Write  for  Booklet  and  Brices 

JOHN  G.  CURTIS,  Bnx  272,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


1B11. 


THE  RURAL*  NEW-YORKER 


698 


M  I  JLi  K. 

The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  .$1.31 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  2%  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  2G-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


Milk  is  sold  by  farmers,  direct  to  con¬ 
sumer,  at  15,  20  and  25  cents  per  gallon. 
Some  cream  goes  to  factory  or  creamery  at 
23  cents  per  pound,  for  butter  fat.  The 
chickens  are  the  best  things  on  our  farm, 
but  we  have  no  figures.  d.  c.  a. 

1  ndiana. 


The  average  prices  for  our  milk  is  from 
eight  to  10  cents  per  gallon.  Many  near 
go  to  the  creamery  because  there  is  a 
creamery  every  five  to  eight  miles.  Poul¬ 
try  prices  are  good;  chicken,  from  10  to  12 
cents  per  pound,  alive.  b.  F.  c. 

1  ndiana. 


Information  having  come  to  this  depart¬ 
ment  that  there  is  a  practice  in  vogue 
among  a  limited  number  of  cheesemakers  of 
this  State  of  using  skimmed  milk  as  starter 
when  manufacturing  cheese,  notice  is  hereby 
given  that  cheese  made  in  this  way  is,  under 
the  provisions  of  the  law,  skimmed  milk 
cheese  and,  before  being  sold,  must  be 
branded  as  “Skimmed  Milk  Cheese.” 

It.  A.  PEARSON, 

N.  Y.  Commissioner  of  griculture. 


Milk  retails  for  four  cents  per  pint  and 
is  sold  by  local  dairymen  (farmers),  who 
I'.ave  their  regular  route  customers ;  also  it 
is  sold  to  grocerymen  wholesale  for  six 
tents  per  quart,  and  they  sell  to  consumers 
for  eight  cents  per  quart.  Many  farmers 
:  t  a  distance  of  10  to  20  miles  ship  to 
large  creamery  and  big  concerns  by  rail  or 
interurban  lines  and  get  11)4  to  12  cents 
per  gallon.  Some  small  ice  cream  makers 
pay  a  little  more,  just  as  they  can  get  it. 

Fort  Wayne,  Ind.  a.  s.  k. 


The  milk  in  this  vicinity  is  mostly  hauled 
to  one  man,  who  pasteurizes  it,  and  he 
ships  to  the  Cardfner  Dairy,  Baltimore, 
Md.  In  Winter  we  get  as  high  as  ,$1.70 
a  hundred,  but  now  we  only  get  $1.32  a 
hundred  for  milk  that  tests  four  per  cent 
butter  fact.  We  have  a  creamery  about 
three  miles  from  here;  they  are  paying  23 
cents  a  pound  for  butter,  and  you  get  vour 
milk  back,  which  I  think  is  a  big  item 
for  hogs  and  calves.  I  keep  eight  milch 
cows;  I  only  have  one-fourth  mile  to  haul 
milk  but  do  not  of  course  get  any  skim- 
milk  back.  C.  M.  R. 

I’arkton,  Md. 


Some  of  the  farmers  have  dairies  within 
three  or  four  miles  of  the  city  and  retail 
their  milk  at  five  cents  a  quart  in  Summer 
and  (>%  cents  in  Winter.  Some  sell  to  the 
milk  depot  wholesale  at  12 j/j  cents  a  gallon 
and  they  deliver  it  in  the  city.  Some 
farmers  have  butter  customers,  private  fam¬ 
ilies,  and  get  35  cents  per  pound ;  others 
sell  to  the  stores  at  market  price,  which 
is  from  15  to  30  cents.  Eggs  are  handled 
the  same  way,  from  10  cents  up.  Last 
Winter  they  were  up  to  40  cents,  but  that 
was  an  exception.  Poultry  is  sold  to  whole¬ 
sale  dealers,  and  some  go  through  the 
country  and  buy  it  up.  They  pay  from  10 
to  12  cents.  Spring  chickens  are  worth 
25  cents,  but  must  not  weigh  over  1% 
pounds.  j.  s.  f. 

Quincy,  Ill. 


Some  sell  their  milk  to  the  creamery  and 
receive  about  $1.30  per  100  pounds  at  pres¬ 
ent;  some  sell  to  the  dairymen  in  the  city 
and  get  13  cents  per  gallon.  The  dairymen 
then  peddle  it  and  get  $1  for  14  quarts. 
But  most  farmers  have  separators,  make 
butter  and  sell  it  in  the  city.  They  get  25 
cents  at  the  store,  and  30  cents  from  pri¬ 
vate  families.  This  is  not  much  of  a  dairy 
country;  it  is  mainly  farming;  corn,  wheat, 
oats  and  potatoes.  There  is  not  much 
poultry  in  this  part  of  the  country ;  hardly 
ever  more  than  100  hens  on  a  farm.  Some 
peddle  their  eggs  in  the  city,  while  others 
fake  theirs  to  the  stores.  There  is  only 
one  poultry  raiser  in  this  locality,  and  he 
cells  his  chicks  in  St.  Louis  when  they  are 
about  three  days  old..  a.  r.  h. 

Belleville,  Ill. 


I  am  not  familiar  as  to  the  quantity  of 
milk  produced  in  Baltimore  County,  blit  it 
will  reach  many  thousand  gallons  daily. 
Where  I  live  in  Long  Hreen  Valley,  on  the 
line  of  the  M.  &  I*.  R.  u.t  1.5  miles  from 
Baltimore,  there  are  at  least  1.000  gallons 
of  milk  shipped  daily  to  Baltimore.  The 
farmers  ship  their  milk  to  dealers  in  the 
city  ;  the  railroad  charges  the  producer  two 
cents  per  gallon  for  a  15-mile  haul.  The 
dealer  paid  the  producer  from  fhe  first  of 
November.  1910,  19  cents  per  gallon  deliv¬ 
ered  at  the  station  at  Baltimore,  until  the 
first  of  March,  1911.  From  March  to  the 
first  of  May  they  cut  the  price  one  cent  per 
gallon,  making  18  cents.  On  the  first  of 
May  they  cut  the  price  two  cents  per  gal¬ 
lon,  making  10  cents,  which  will  be  the 
price  until  about  October  or  November. 
You  will  see  now  that  the  farmer  is  only 
getting  14  cents  per  gallon  after  paying 
the  railroad  company  two  cents  for  hauling 
It.  J'his  same  dealer  retails  his  milk  from 
November  to  March  for  nine  cents  per  quart, 
or  30  cents  per  gallon.  The  remainder  of 
the  year  he  gets  eight  cents  per  quart,  or 
32  cents  per  gallon.  You  see  now  that  the 
dealer  gets  more  for  handling  it  than  the 
farmer  gets  for  producing  it.  The  last  year 
or  two  many  farmers  quit  the  business  on 
account  of  high  price  of  feed  ;  there  was  no 
money  in  the  business.  The  dealers  make 
themselves  safe  with  the  farmer.  If  any 
milk  sours  on  their  hands,  they  ship  it  back 
to  the  farmer,  who  has  to  lose  it,  besides 
paving  two  cents  per  gallon  for  returning  it. 
I  he  deale.  makes  a  contract  to  pay  on  the 
loth  of  each  month.  If  the  dealer  is  all 
right  your  money  is  safe.  If  not,  the  dealer 
Wins  and  you  lose.  Poultry  and  eggs  are 
generally  taken  to  market  bv  the  farmers 
imd  sold  at  retail,  which  is  about  ,’our 
cents  per  pound  above  wholesale  for  poultry, 
and  about  four  cents  above  quotation  prices 
for  eggs.  _  Butter  is  also  sold  in  the  same 
way.  It  is  the  middleman  who  is  respon¬ 
sible  for  high  living.  The  farmer  is  only 
getting  a  bare  living  out  of  it.  I  have 
sold  sugar  corn  and  put  it  on  a  huckster’s 
stand  at  12  cents  per  dozen  ears.  lie  re¬ 
tailed  it  out  at  25  cents  per  dozen,  getting 
one  cent  more  for  handling  and  counting 
It  than  I  got  for  growing  it  and  hauling  It 
lo  miles  and  placing  it  on  his  stall. 

Baldwin,  Md.  h.  z.  m. 


THE  BOSTON  MILK  SITUATION. 

In  regard  to  the  indictment  of  milk 
contractors,  N.  Y.,  N.  II.  &  II.  R.  R.  and 
Mr.  Hunter  of  the  B.  C.  M.  I\  Co.,  we  ex¬ 
pect  this  is  no  bluff,  but  a  serious  business 
all  right.  I  do  not  know  much  about  it 
except  through  the  papers,  but  have  heard 
various  stories.  Many  of  us  have  had  sus¬ 
picions  about  Hunter  and  the  contractor 
fixing  up  the  price  to  be  paid  for  milk 
and  have  heard  he  was  getting  pay  from 
both  sides.  This  will  probably  prove  the 
story  false  or  true  as  the  case  may  be,  and 
settle  all  doubts  about  it.  I  do  not  think 
the  Government  has  gone  at  this  case  with¬ 
out  good  evidence.  The  contractors  have 
a  mint  of  money  behind  them,  and  may 
squeeze  through  with  a  light  fine,  but  I 
know  they  feel  shaky.  Common  public 
sentiment  is  very  much  against  them,  both 
in  city  and  country,  and  I  should  not  be 
surprised  if  they  got  a  good  dose,  perhaps 
a  fine  and  imprisonment  also.  How  it  will 
affect  the  milk  business  in  general  is  hard 
to  tell.  There  is  no  confidence  or  stability 
to  it  at  the  present  time,  and  we  are  afraid 
it  will  be  some  time  before  confidence  will 
be  fully  restored,  if  it  ever  is.  One  thing 
in  tiie  producers’  favor  the  Governor  seems 
to  be  working  for  us,  and  I  know  he  is 
studying  the  conditions  of  production  and 
will  and  has  cut  off  some  of  the  funny 
business  certain  interested  city  people  are 
trying  to  ring  in  on  us.  a.  e.  p. 

Massachusetts. 


MILK  INSPECTION  AT  BUFFALO. 

A  reader  in  Erie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  saw  a  state¬ 
ment  in  the  Buffalo  Express  by  the  corpora¬ 
tion  counsel  of  Buffalo  that  the  city  health 
commission  had  no  power  to  inspect  dairies 
outside  the  city  limits.  On  the  strength  of 
this  the  farmer  refused  to  let  the  Buffalo 
inspectors  into  his  barn.  As  a  result  his 
milk  was  rejected,  causing  loss  to  both 
farmer  and  milk  dealer.  This  milk  was 
giving  good  satisfaction  when  rejected. 
This  man  wants  to  know  who  is  right 
about  Inspection  and  if  he  can  collect  dam¬ 
ages.  We  wrote  both  the  health  commis¬ 
sioner  and  the  corporation  counsel. 

The  Corporation  Counsel’s  Opinion. 

T  am  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  May  20, 
1911,  in  which  you  claim  that  one  of  the 
readers  of  The  Rural  New-Yorker  refused 
to  allow  an  inspector  of  the  health  depart¬ 
ment  of  the  City  of  Buffalo  to  enter  his 
barn,  and  as  a  result  his  shipment  of  milk 
to  Buffalo  was  refused,  and  asking  me  if 
tiie  law  permitted  the  health  commissioner 
to  reject  milk  in  that  arbitrary  way  with¬ 
out  notification,  and  if  there  was  any  re¬ 
dress  for  the  man  whose  milk  was  returned. 
The  article  printed  in  the  Buffalo  Express, 
to  which  you  refer  in  your  letter,  was  to 
the  effect  that  an  ordinance  of  the  City  of 
Buffalo  could  not  be  enacted  vesting  the 
power,  in  the  health  commissioner  to  in¬ 
spect  dairies  situated  outside  of  tiie  limits 
of  the  City  of  Buffalo,  because  ordinances 
of  this  city  have  no  extraterritorial  effect, 
and  that  the  public  health  law  and  agri¬ 
cultural  law  made  ample  provisions  for 
such  inspections.  As  a  general  rule,  muni¬ 
cipal  corporations’  powers  cease  at  muni¬ 
cipal  boundaries  and  cannot — without  plain 
manifestation  of  legislative  intention — be 
exercised  beyond  its  limits.  The  Legisla¬ 
ture,  however,  may  authorize  the  exorcise 
of  powers  beyond  municipal  limits  and  has 
frequently  done  so,  particularly  in  matters 
within  the  police  power;  but  I  am  of  the 
opinion  that  the  Legislature  of  the  State 
of  New  York  has  not  granted  to  the  City 
of  Buffalo  by  its  charter,  or  under  any  of 
the  general  statutes,  the  necessary  authority 
to  inspect  dairies  without  the  limits  of 
the  city. 

I  am  unable  to  say  from  the  statement 
contained  in  your  letter  whether  the  in¬ 
spector  in  this  case  had  authority  to  enter 
the  barn  of  your  reader,  for  the  reason 
that  such  inspector  might  have  been  act¬ 
ing  under  the  authority  granted  to  him  by 
tne  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  of  thA 
State  of  Ne-.v  York ;  but,  even  then,  it  is  my 
opinion  that  the  health  commissioner  of  the 
City  of  Buffalo  had  no  power  arbitrarily  to 
reject  the  milk  of  the  reader  of  your  jour¬ 
nal  because  of  his  refusal  to  allow  an  in¬ 
spection  of  his  premises,  provided  that  the 
milk  was  of  the  standard  prescribed  by  the 
agriculture  law.  Of  course,  if  such  milk 
was  below  the  standard  ascertained  by  an 
inspection  of  the  same  within  the  limits  of 
fhe  City  of  Buffalo,  the  health  authorities 
of  this  municipality  were  within  their 
rights  in  compelling  the  return  of  the  milk. 

As  to  the  question  of  whether  there  is 
any  redress  for  the  person  who  had  his 
milk  rejected,  I  am  unable  to  determine 
with  certainty  without  having  all  the  facts 
presented  to  me.  As  a  general  proposition, 
however,  I  can  say  that  if  the  health  com¬ 
missioner  of  this  city  exceeded  his  authority 
in  this  case,  and  the  owner  whose  milk  was 
rejected  was  in  no  way  at  fault  himself, 
undoubtedly  the  law  will  provide  an  ade¬ 
quate  remedy.  CLARK  11.  hammond. 

The  Health  Commissioner’s  Opinion. 

The  Department  of  Health  of  the  City  of 
Buffalo  maintains  a  dairy  farm  inspection 
service  in  the  interest  of  the  public  health. 
The  inspectors  qualify  under  civil  service 
and  are  appointed  as  milk  inspectors,  in 
accordance  with  their  standing,  the  highest 
first.  They  are  also  appointed  inspectors  in 
the  State  Department  of  Health,  giving 
them  State  authority.  The  city  has  no 
jurisdiction  beyond  the  city  limits,  lint  re¬ 
serves  the  light  to  reject  commodities 
with  detrimental  possibilities,  such  as  milk, 
when  there  is  lack  of  knowledge,  relative  to 
the  manner  of  its  production.  The  in¬ 
spectors,  therefore,  have  legal  rights  and 
State,  authority  to  make  inspections,  and 
the  city  reserves  the  privilege  of  rejecting 
certain  commodities  without  satisfactory 
knowledge  as  to  their  production,  etc. 
When  a  dairy  farm  declines  to  permit  in¬ 
spection  of  its  facilities,  under  these  con¬ 
ditions,  the  department,  in  justice  to  others, 
to  its  own  responsibilities,  and  in  maintain¬ 
ing  system,  declines  to  accept  such  product. 
When  inspection  is  accepted  reinstatement 
is  made.  The  propriety  of  such  rule  is  for¬ 
tified  by  experience,  illustrative  of  which 
is  the  following :  A  man  declined  inspec¬ 
tion,  sold  one  or  more  cows  to  another 
party.  When  this  party  was  inspected,  it 
was  found  that  he  had  a  cow  with  what 
appeared  to  be  suppurating  lump  jaw, 
which  cow  was  the  one  purchased.  Another 


illustration  is  where  the  inspector  was  re¬ 
fused  the  privilege  of  inspecting  because  he 
was  a  colored  man.  There  has  been  no 
controversy,  of  which  I  am  aware  of.  In¬ 
stances  of  this  character  are  few,  almost 
isolated,  I  believe;  three  or  four  in  num¬ 
ber  out  of  several  thousand  inspections. 

Relative  to  the  opinion  of  Judge  Ham¬ 
mond.  Some  time  ago  the  Corporation 
Counsel  was  asked  for  an  opinion  regarding 
permits  and  licenses,  and  without  request 
for  any  opinion  as  to  inspection,  added 
the  opinion  to  which  you  refer,  and  which 
was  correct,  in  that  the  city  had  no  legal 
right  or  justification  outside  the  city  limits. 
He  was  not,  at  the  time,  aware  of  the  fact 
that  designated  milk  inspectors  were  also 
inspectors  of  the  State  department,  other¬ 
wise  it  would  not  have  been  made.  This  in¬ 
stance  has  been  tiie  basis  for  a  few  of  the 
cases  that  have  occurred.  Whenever  any 
dairy  farm,  or  its  product,  is  interdicted, 
full  notification  is  made.  I  enclose  here¬ 
with  two  forms  which  are  used  under  such 
circumstances.  One  as  regards  to  milk,  the 
other  as  to  sanitary  inspection.  The  neces¬ 
sity  for  dairy  farm  inspection  requires  no 
argument.  In  this  section  it  was  most 
timely,  as  the  majority  of  dairy  farmers, 
and  all  good  ones,  will  corroborate.  The 
results  have  been  most  gratifying.  Last 
year  the  bacterial  count  of  miik  was  very 
high,  many  in  the  millions.  This  year  but 
few  exceed  the  limit  of  500,000. 

When  inspection  was  first  instituted 
there  was,  naturally,  some  little  misunder¬ 
standing,  much  of  which  was  due  to  the 
character  of  some  of  the  inspectors,  who 
misrepresented  the  department,  and  made 
trouble.  They  have  since  been  dispensed 
with.  The  chief  of  the  milk  division  has 
addressed  many  meetings  of  producers  and 
grangers,  and  .it  is  believed  that  almost  all 
are  co-operating  with  the  department.  Of 
course,  among  1,400,  there  will  bo  come  ex¬ 
ceptions,  but  they  are  really  very  few. 
The  attitude  of  the  dairy  farmers  is  that 
if  they  arc  to  have  inspection,  “treat  all 
alike.”  The  attitude  of  the  department  is 
to  create  no  hardships,  administer  the 
“square  deal”  and  secure  the  good  will  and 
co-operation  of  the  farmer.  Its  require¬ 
ments  are  most  reasonable,  being  only  those 
which  all  good  dairymen  maintain  ordinar¬ 
ily,  viz.  :  the  production  of  milk  under  san¬ 
itary  conditions,  and,  lastly,  when  it  asks 
for  corrections,  it  does  so  in  tne  kindest 
spirit  for  the  common  good. 

J.  K.  FRONCZAK. 


A  Georgia  Dairy. — I  do  not  think 
that  there  is  any  large  success  to  be 
made  in  running  a  dairy  on  scrub  land 
or  with  scrub  cattle.  I  ant  certain  that 
this  line  of  business,  like  all  others  at 
the  present  time,  must  be  carried  on  in 
a  modern  manner  to  make  it  a  success. 
We  have  a  very  fine  farm,  a  part  of 
which  is  river  bottom  land.  We  have 
grown  sorghum  cane  on  this  land  15  feet 
high,  and  have  averaged  10  tons  to 
the  acre.  We  also  have  very  fine  Ber¬ 
muda  pasture,  lasting  from  the  middle 
of  March  to  the  middle  of  November. 
We  have  a  silo  holding  110  tons,  and 
we  also  have  a  large  Winter  pasture  of 
rye  or  barley,  and  we  have  real  good 
purebred  Jersey  cattle.  We  are  located 
within  six  miles  of  Macon,  where  cream 
is  sold  at  $1  to  $1.10  per  gallon,  and 
butter  fat  at  40  cents  per  pound.  We 
have  a  railroad  station  on  the  place, 
steam  separator,  and  all  other  conven¬ 
iences,  which  enable  us  to  make  some 
money  on  our  dairy  proposition.  As 
stated  above,  however,  I  do  not  think 
that  it  can  be  made  a  very  great  suc¬ 
cess  unless  carried  on  in  a  strictly  up- 
to-date  manner.  c.  e.  newton. 

Georgia. 


NO  SUCH  THING 


As  Saving  Money  Through 
Buying  a  Cheap  Machine 
Instead  ol  the  Matchless 


SHARPLES 

Tubular  Cream  Separator 

The  cheap  machine  will  more  than  lose  the 
price  of  a  Tubular  the  first  year.  Many  thou¬ 
sand  users  of  cheap  separators  are  discarding 
them  for  Tubulars.  The  cheap  machines  lasted 
one  year  on  the  average— required  ten  to  thirty 
dollars  repairs— and  lost  more  in  cream  than  the 
original  cost. 

Do  you  call  that  cheap  ? 

Tubulars  have  twice  the  skimming  force,  skim 
faster  and  twice  as  clean  as  others.  Dairy  Tu¬ 
bulars  contain  no  disks  or  other  con¬ 
traptions.  Wearalifetime.  Guaranteed 
forever  by  America’s  oldestand  world’s 
biggest  separator  concern.  The  biggest 
economy  you  can  make  is  to  buy  The 
World’s  Best 

On  request,  a 
Tubular  will  be 
delivered  and  set 
up  in  yotir  home, 
forfreetrial,  with¬ 
out  freight  or  any 
other  expense  to 
you.  Why  send 
any  money  for 
some  cheap 
machine  ? 

S  e  p  n  rator 
quality  is 
more  import¬ 
ant  than  first 
cost.  Other 
separators  taken 
part  payment  for 
Tubulars. 

Write  for 
c  a  t  a l oguo 
No.  'S3  and 
free  trial. 


THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO. 

W  KMT  C1IK8TEU,  1*A. 

<'h  l<-nt<i.  III.,  Sun  Francisco,  Oal«,  Fort  land,  Ore. 
Toroulo,  Can.,  Winnipeg,  Cun. 


Wiibn  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


A  DIP  THAT  DOES  THE  WORK 
WITHOUT  INJURY 

TO  THE  ANIMAL  OR  FLEECE 
NO  BURNING  OF  THE  FIBRES; 
NO  STAINING;  NO  POISONING; 
NO  SICKENING. 

WHY  USE  DIPS  THAT  HAVE  THESE  DESTRUCTIVE 
AN0  DANGEROUS  QUALITIES?  WHY  EXPERIMENT 
WITH  UNKNOWN  PREPARATIONS? 


INEXPENSIVE,  EASY  TO  USE 


PERMITTED  BY  THE  U.S  DEPARTMENT  OF 
AGRICULTURE  FOR  THE  OFFICIAL  DIPPING 
OF  SHEEP  FOR  SCAB 

FOR  SALE  BY  ALL  DRUGGISTS 

WE  HAVE  BOOKLETS  GIVING  FULL  DIRECTIONS 
FOR  USE  ALSO  MANY  VALUABLE  HINTS  ON 
HANDLING  SHEEP.  WRITE  FOR  FREE  COPIES. 

Parke,  Davis  &Cg 

S' - v.  DEPARTMENT  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY 

f  \  DETROIT,  MICH. 


Kills  All  Ticks 

ONE  DIPPING 


►04  years  experience  prove  truth  of  this 
statement.  Every  tick  and  nit  absolutely 
destroyed  if  you  use 

Cooper  Dip 

The  only  dip  that  UIIIb  ALL  ticks  In  ONF‘I  dlppln't— 
Cooper's  1h  sureucu h  destroy  or.  Increases  growth 
and  Improves  quality  of  wool .  perfect  Hit  In  ton  i  ■. 
Results  considered  lHcheupontdip  on  market.  Uwd 
on  300  million  sheep  annually.  Handsome  Calen¬ 
dar  and  booklet  free  If  you  mention  tills  paper. 

Prices:  25  gal.  pkt.  50c  1(H)  gal.  pkL  $1.75 

Ask  your  druggist  or  write 

SCHIEFFEJLIN  &  CO. 

( 170  Williams  Street  New  York  City  , 


...TO  OUR  PATRONS... 

If  you  “OREL  OLL”  lcfl  nf,er 

have  any  curing 

the  calves  of  “scouts,”  cows  of  contagious  abortion,  or 
even  your  poultry  of  gapes,  cholera,  lice,  etc.,  wc  atiivse 
that  you  use  it  freely  in  your  stables  during 

FLY  TIME 

and  kill  (lies,  nits,  disease  germs,  and  keep  stables 
thoroughly  disinfected.  It  requires  a  powerful  prepara¬ 
tion  lo  do  this.  Also  spray  all  animals  lightly  once  a 
day  during  hot  weather. 

For  summer  uses  special  prices  on  quantities. 
Caledonia  Chemical  Co.,  Caledonia,  N.  Y. 


Hftn’f  fl*n#  4  SHOE  BOIL,  CAPPED 

UOll  I  OUT  UUT  HOCK,  or  ItlIKKITIN  FOR 


ABS0RBINE 


will  remove  them  aid  leave  no 
blemishes.  Cures  u  iy  puff  or 
swelling.  Does  not  blister  or 
remove  tho  hair.  Horse  can  bo 
worked.  82.00  per  bottle  delivered. 

Book  6  E  free. 

A  BSD  It  BINE,  JR.,  liniment 
for  mankind.  For  Boils,  Braises, 

Old  Sores  Swellings,  Goitre, Varicose 

Veins,  Varicosities.  Allays  Pain.  - 

Price  $1  and  82  a  bottle  at  druggists  or  delivered. 
Will  tell  more  If  you  write.  Manufactured  only  by 

W.F.Y0UNG,  P.D.F..  88  TempleSt.,  Springfield,  Mass. 


NEWTON’S  HEAVE 

COUCH,  DISTEMPER  Alinr 
AND  INDIGESTION  VUflL 

The  lirsUtr  second  $1.00  can  cures  Heaves.  The  third 
"  can  is  guaranteed  to  cure 
.or  money  relunded. 


-  The  Standard  Veterinary  Remedy. 

Makes  the  Horse  Strong  and  Willing  to  Work. 

CURES  HEAVES  BY  CORRECTING  THE  CAUSE 
which  Is  Indigestion.  Send  for  booklet  “Horae  Troub¬ 
les."  Explains  fully  about  the  Wind,  Throat,  Stomach 
and  Blood.  Newton’sisBafefor  colt,  adultor  marein  foal 

A  GRAND  CONDITIONER  AND  WORM  EXPELLER 

$1.00  n  cun  ut  dealers,  or  express  prepaid 

THE  .NEWTON  BEMEDY  CO.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


eae 


THE  RURAfc  NEW-YORKER 


June  17, 


The  Henyard. 

SHELTER  COOPS. 

I  see  quite  often  requests  for  pictures 
of  appliances  used  in  the  poultry  yard.  I 
am  sending  you  pictures  of  my  way  of 
raising  chicks  at  Fairview  Farm.  The 
shelter  coop,  Fig.  247,  is  two  feet  long, 
one  foot  eight  inches  wide,  one  foot  high 
to  eaves,  rafters  one  inch  square,  one 


THE  MOTHER  HEN’S  HOME.  Fig.  24(5. 

foot  six  inches  long,  projecting  over 
eaves  three  inches,  which  gives  one  inch 
ventilation  on  each  side,  which  is  enough 
until  warm  weather  comes  ;  then  the  slide 
door  is  replaced  by  one  of  fine  wire  net¬ 
ting;  then  they  are  all  right  until  put  in 
colony  crops.  The  coop  to  confine  the 
hen,  Fig.  24G,  is  four  feet  square  on  the 
ground,  which  give  ample  room  for  the 


SHELTER  COOP.  Fig.  247. 


hen,  and  the  chickens  go  where  they 
please.  When  the  grass  gets  soiled  it  is 
very  easy  to  move  to  a  fresh  plot.  Fig. 
249  shows  how  the  shelter  and  slat  coop 
are  placed ;  Fig.  250,  a  colony  of  coops. 

Maine.  frank  c.  nutter. 

HENHOUSE  CONVENIENCE. 

I  find  it  a  great  convenience  to  have 
the  droppings  board  in  henhouses  slop¬ 
ing  toward  the  back  of  house  and  have 
a  tight  fitting  door  opening  down  along 
length  of  droppings  board,  opening  out 
at  the  back  of  the  house.  A  hook  at 
each  end  will  hold  these  doors  up 
parallel  with  droppings  boards  and  dirt 
can  be  scraped  out  over  them  and  dirt 
thrown  in  from  outside  of  house.  A 
low  cart  can  be  drawn  under  this  board 


EASILY  CLEANED  HENHOUSE.  Fig.  248. 

and  droppings  scraped  directly  into  it. 
This  does  away  with  much  of  the  un¬ 
pleasantness  and  a  large  part  of  the 
work  of  keeping  the  house  clean.  When 
litter  from  floor  is  to  be  taken  out  it 
can  be  put  on  droppings  boards  and 
taken  out  same  way.  This  door,  see 
Fig.  248,  must  be  made  to  fit  close  to 
prevent  drafts,  but  that  can  easily  be 
done  with  a  strip  of  cloth  tacked  along 
edges  where  door  fits  against  them. 

L.  c.  PAINTER. 


Feather  Fulling. 

I  am  troubled  with  my  hens  plucking  each 
other’s  feathers.  They  all  have  the  habit 
so  badly  that  it  has  become  a  second  nature. 
The  majority  of  the  plucked  feathers  are 
not  eaten,  but  are  left  lying  on  the  ground. 
What  is  the  cause  of  this,  and  what  *s  the 
remedy?  Some  of  the  hens’  necks  are  to¬ 
tally  bare,  and  of  late  the  skin  can  be  seen 
along  the  back  between  the  wings.  It 
surely  cannot  he  lack  of  meat,  for  I  feed 
them  raw  meat  twice  a  week.  They  get 
plenty  of  exercise,  oyster  shell,  grit,  grain 
and  green  food  and  give  me  fair  results  in 
eggs.  They  had  the  feather  plucking  habit 
when  I  bought  them  the  beginning  of  last 
Summer,  but  seemed  to  tire  of  it  during  the 
Winter,  and  now  they  have  started  in  again 
with  a  vengeance.  F.  f. 

New  York. 

I  have  never  known  a  confirmed  case 
of  feather-pulling  to  be  cured,  nor  do  I 


think  it  can  be  cured  with  less  than  the 
ax.  These  hens  should  be  put  on  the 
market  in  the  shape  of  meat,  and  a  fresh 
start  made,  for  no  amount  of  care  and 
feed  will  cure  them  permanently,  and 
this  seems  to  be  a  habit  quickly  spread 
through  a  flock  by  a  few  pullers.  This 
habit  is  started  by  lack  of  mineral  or 
animal  feed,  helped  by  close  confinement, 


SHELTER  AND  SLAT  COOP.  Fig.  240. 

and  when  first  noticed  the  hens  should 
be  put  out  on  large  range  and  meat 
scrap  given  them.  This  should  stop  any 
further  pulling,  if  done  at  once  before 


A  FAMILY  COLONY.  Fig.  250. 

the  habit  becomes  fixed.  While  this  is  a 
habit  and  not  a  disease,  yet  I  would 
about  as  soon  buy  a  hen  with  roup  <jr 
even  tuberculosis  to  add  to  my  flock  as 
to  buy  a  confirmed  feather  puller. 

FLOYD  Q.  WHITE. 


TRUTH  AND  INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS. 

I  see  you  wish  the  plain  truth  about  the 
Indian  Runner  duck.  I  wish  to  say  I  do 
not  see  how  they  can  be  improved  upon 
when  kept  in  small  flocks  to  supply  the 
farm  table  with  eggs,  and  roast  duck  occa¬ 
sionally  ;  they  are  great  layers,  among  the 
best  in  ducks,  and  they  do  mature  early, 
three  to  four  pounds  each,  not  heavy 
enough  for  a  market  duck  for  general  con¬ 
sumption.  As  a  market  fowl  I  do  not  see 
why  they  should  be  expected  to  compete 
with  the  hen  on  the  egg  question.  The  cus¬ 
tomer  must  be  found  and  the  market  cre¬ 
ated.  Fifty  cents  a  dozen  before  Easter 
and  35  cents  a  dozen  for  the  remainder  of 
the  season  would  be  a  fair  price,  and  few 
will  pay  it,  for  the  simple  reason  the  pub¬ 
lic  will  resent  the  extra  price,  the  same  as 
your  correspondent  does  what  he  terms 
"breeders'  prices.”  I  consider  the  prices  of 
these  duck  breeders  for  eggs  and  stock  ex¬ 
tremely  reasonable  ;  most  of  them  sell  eggs 
for  a"  dollar  a  sitting,  and  $1.50  to  $2 
each  for  stock  will  not  more  than  pay  the 
advertising  bill.  My  wife  says  one  duck 
egg  in  a  cake  equals  two  hens'  eggs. 

If  the  surroundings  are  agreeable  five 
ducks  will  lay  140  eggs  a  month  and  get 
their  own  living  outside  of  the  morning 
and  evening  meal.  The  quality  of  the  In¬ 
dian  Runner  duck  egg  is  mild,  the  meat  in 
the  hands  of  a  good  cook  is  delicious.  These 
are  reasons  enough  why  they  will  pay  their 
way  on  any  farm.  As  far  as  the  glowing 
stories  being  printed  about  these  ducks,  one 
must  not  rush  heedlessly  into  any  enter¬ 
prise  and  expect  great  profits.  Find  your 
market  first  and  then  stock  up  accordingly. 
I  will  state  briefly  how  I  handle  my  ducks  : 
I  try  to  close  them  up  nights  and  turn 
them  out  at  feeding  time,  when  they  will 
have  laid  ;  they  then  go  to  the  water  and 
I  do  not  see  them  again  until  time  to  feed 
grain  at  night.  They  can  be  expected  to 
lay  from  February  until  August.  Last  sea¬ 
son  I  had  one  commence  laying  again  in 
the  Fall  and  laid  (50  eggs  before  the  snow 
came,  when  she  shut  up  shop  at  once.  I 
raise  the  young  ducks  under  Ruff  Plymouth 
Rock  hens,  as  they  make  good  mothers  and 
do  not  kill  many  in  the  nest.  Yesterday  a 
little  him  had  spent  four  weeks  on  nine 
eggs  and  at  the  sound  of  the  first  peep 
threw  the  egg  out  on  the  floor  ;  not  finding 
a  hen  on  the  nests  I  went  to  a  coop  where 
I  had  confined  some  broody  hens,  selected 
a  Ruff  Rock,  put  the  eggs  under  her  and 
covered  her  up.  To-day  she  has  six  bright 
little  ducks  and  seems  happy  in  her  new 
surroundings  without  being  restrained  in 
any  way.  When  the  young  ducks  are 
turned  loose  the  drake  will  have  to  be  con¬ 
fined  or  lie  will  kill  them.  Set  duck  eggs 
on  the  ground  to  hatch  well :  otherwise  the 
ducks  will  probably  have  to  be  helped  from 
the  shell.  Do  this  24  hours  after  the  shell 
is  pipped  and  after  the  blood  in  the  lining 
of  the  shell  has  been  absorbed  by  the  duck¬ 
ling.  Take  oft'  the  small  end  of  the  egg, 
release  the  head  and  let  Mr.  Duck  do  the 
rest  himself.  Young  ducks  thrive  best  on 
sloppy  food,  such  as  one  would  feed  young 
pigs;  middings  and  milk  mixed  into  a  bat¬ 
ter  and  poured  in  a  trough  with  cracked 
corn  at  night.  geo.  e.  howell. 

Orange  Co.,  N.  Y. 


/71ET  the  churn  that  always  earns  a  profit— the  same  kind  that  makes  big  money  for  the  cream- 
eries — but  built  smaller,  more  compact,  to  suit  the  needs  of  farmers  with  fewer  cows.  The 

Perfection  Jr.  Combined 


Churn  Butter  Worker 

means  bigger  money  in  butter  making  than  you  ever 
thought  possible.  Always  gives  butter  of  an  even  high 
grade  which  sells  for  fancy  prices.  Requires  little 
personal  attention  and  takes  the  drudgery  out  of  butter 
making.  Especial  ly  constructed  to  exhaust  the  last  grain 
of  butter  fat  out  of  every  drop  of  cream.  Both  churns 
and  works  in  one  operation.  Gives  as  good  results 
with  little  cream  or  filled  to  capacity.  Perfect 
for  salting  and  control  of  moisture.  Butter 
stays  all  in  one  piece,  easily  removed.  The 
perfect  churn  for  the  dairy  farmer  and  a 
money  maker  for  everyone  who  uses  it. 

Quickly  cleaned,  absolutely  sanitary,  eco¬ 
nomical  to  use.  Made  of  best  materials  in 
four  sizes:  30  gallon  SCO;  40  gallon  $07.50; 
50  gallon  $75;  150  gallon  $90. 

CCCC  Ask  for  our  free  butter  makers*  book  containing  inter. 
IhfeL  esting  information  and  lowest  prices  on  dairy  supplies. 

J.G.  CHERRY  CO.,  10  Tenth  St.,  Cedar  Rapids,  la. 

Peoria,  A..  St.  Paul,  Minn. 


57. 


Death  tho  Stomach 
'Worms  Guaranteed 

!  We  will  send  yon  100  lbs.  of  DR. 
HOLLAND'S  MEDK’ATKD  STOCK 
SALT  on  CO  days*  trial  freight 
prepaid.  If  you  derive  no  benefit, 
it  coHtH  you  nothing;  if  you  do,  it 
costs  you  $r>.00.  Givo  ua  your  or¬ 
der  at  once. 

The  HOLLAND  STOCK  REMEDY 
COMPANY,  Wellington,  Ohio. 


for  what  it  would  cost 
you  tor  the  lumber . 

Our  No-Yard  House  is  big 
enough  for  20  hens.  6  ft. 
long,  8  ft.  deep,  64  ft.  high. 

We  sell  It  all  complete  with 
roosts,  laying  boxes,  drop¬ 
ping  board  and  feeding  platform  at  *25. 
cheaper  than  you  could  buy  the  material. 


That  Is 


BUCKEYE 

POULTRY  HOUSES 


NO-VARD 

PORTABLE 


have  the  approval  of  tho  U.  S.  Government,  the  National 
Poultry  Association,  and  every  poultrv  magazine  published. 
It’s  built  on  tho  fresh-air  pkm  that  lias  revolutionized  the 
whole  poultry  industry.  It  eliminates  disease,  tho  hen?  lay 
more  eggs  and  they  never  bother  your  garden  or  your 
neighbor.  Just  the  thing  for  the  small  city  lot  or  the  largest 
poultry  plant.  Let  us  tell  you  all  about  itin  our  book  44  The 
Modern  Method  of  Poultry  Keeping/*  It’s  free.  Write  to-day. 

THE  BUCKEYE  INCUBATOR  CO.,  508  Euclid  Avenue,  Springfield,  0. 


POULTRYMEN 


-Don't  fail  to secureStock  and 
Kggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 
FAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Marietta, Pa. 

GG  EGGS  $1.00 — Leading  varieties,  f>2  breeds.  Prize  I’oul- 
L  U  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Dirge  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 

EGGS — $1  per  is,  *2  per  40  of  Thor.  Brahmas.  Rocks,  Wyan- 
, lottos,  lloil«,  Minorcas,  Houdans,  Leghorns,  llamburga;  19  var., 
28  years'  experience.  Catalogue.  S.  K.  Mohr,  Coopers lnirg,  Pa. 

Wp  Will  Co||— for  $2.0° for  liens  ami  *2.00to$5.00 
tic  ff  ill  OCll  for  one-year-old  cockerels — our 
surplus  breeding  stock  of  Partridge  Cochins.  Barred 
Rocks,  White  Rocks,  Partridge  Wyandottes. 

MINCH  BROS.  .  R-2  .  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 


PRIZE  WINNING  STRAINS 


|  Barred  Rocks, 
•  White  Wyan¬ 
dottes,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  both  combs,  Single 
Comb  White  and  Brown  Leghorns,  eggs  $1.50,  15; 
$7.00,  100.  Light  and  Dark  Brahmas,  $2.00,  15.  Cat¬ 
alog  gratis.  F.  M.  PRESCOTT,  Riverdale,  N.  J. 

WHITE  EGG  STRAIN  INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS-Thor- 

oughbred,  vigorous  birds.  Wonderful  layers 
of  large  white  eggs;  mated  with  imported  drakes, 
well  marked,  fawn  and  white;  $2.00  for  15;  Buff 
Orpingtons,  $1.50  for  15.  Liberal  discount  for  incu¬ 
bator  eggs.  Cherry  Hill  Farms,  Pittstown.  N.  J. 

Fawn  and  White  Indian  Runner  Duck  Eggs  at  half  price 
for  June.  $1.  per  13.  W.  T.  Easton,  Ut.  6,  Delaware,  Ohio. 

Hunn  Lake  Poultry  Farm  MK/m&r™; 

WhiteWyandotte  Chicks,  $12  per  100.  Eggs,  (Oper  100. 

THE  FARMER’S  FOWL-Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Kggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  TITOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 

Eggs  For  Hatching-;1;, g;j£ 

Indian  Runner  Ducks.  High-class  stock- 
utility,  show  or  export  SINCLAIR  SMITH,  002 
Fifth  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

DAVIS  S.  C.  REDS 

BABY  CH!X 

$12.50  PER  lOO  BALANCE  OF  SEASON 

Full  count  and  safe  delivery  guaranteed. 

DAVIS  POULTRY  FARM,  Berlin,  Mass. 


HARVEY  BOLSTER  SPRINGS 

<r~  Soon  save  their  cost  Make  every  wagon  a  springy 
wagon,  therefore  fruit,  vegetables,  eggs,  etc., 
bring  more  money.  Ask  for  special  proposition. 

Harvey  Spring  Co.,  71<j-17th  St.,  Kaeine,  W la. 


—  99.%o  %  Pure— 

American  Ingot  Iron  Roofing 

Guaranteed  For  30  Years 

Without  Painting 

The  Only  Guaranteed  Metal  Roofing  ever  put  on  the 
market.  Samples  free.  Write  for  a  free  book  showing 
remarkable  tests.  A  way  out  of  your  roof  troubles. 

THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  CO.,  Dept.  D.  ELYRIA,  OHIO 


LAKEHILL  FARM 

W.  H.  THACHIIR. 

Single  and  Rose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W.  P.  Rocks 
and  Imp.  Pekin  Ducks.  Cockerels  and  Ducks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  in  any  quantity  from  $?  up. 
Chicks.  $15  per  1 00  Ducklings,  $25  per  100.  Write 
for  special  prices  in  large  lots.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  ot  hatching  eggs  and  day  old  chicks 
and  ducklings.  Safe  delivery  and  satisfaction 
guaranteed.  CARL  W.  LLOYD,  Mgr., 

Hillside.  Westchester  County,  N.  Y. 

rpinfl  Single-Combed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 
Q  II II 11  Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 
right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  host  selections.  Largest  success¬ 
ful  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers'  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM,  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 

BABY  CHICKS,  8k.  SSSOt. 

C,  White  Leghorns  in  any  quantity.  Safe  arrival 
guaranteed,  Circulars  free.  CHAS.  R.  STONE,  Baby 
Chicken  Farm,  Staatsbury-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 


200 


S.  C.  BROWN  LEGHORN  HENS 


75c  Each 


Shipped  only  in  orders  of  a  dozen  or  more.  Fine  vigorous 
birds.  Cedar  Grove  Poultry  Farm,  Robinson,  A.  A  Co.,  Md. 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Baby  Chicks,  prompt  shipment,  $9  per  100.  Hatch¬ 
ing  Kggs,  Pullets  and  Yearling  Flens,  prompt  or 
future  shipment.  Quality  kind  at  right  prices. 

SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Fleinington,  N.  J. 

S,  C.  White  Leghorn  BABY  CHICKS 

Chicks  that  make  good.  High  class  utility  stock. 
Prompt  delivery.  $11)  per  100.  Circular.  Van  Chest 
Poultry  Farm,  Salt  Point,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y. 


Buff,  Wh.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  S.  C.  It.  I.  Red. 
Eggs.  90c.  per  15,  $1.50  per  30.  $2.75  per  (10,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertowu,  Pa. 


WYCKOFF- BLANCHARD  strains  Single-Comb 
’  v  White  Leghorns,  $1.25  setting.  Heavy  laying 
Rose-Comb  Black  Minorcas,  $1.50  setting.  Circular. 
HIGH  RIDGK  POULTRY  FARM,  Laurel.  Md. 

Sp  UIHITE  LEGHORNS,  Barred  Plymouth  Rocks, 
a  U  >  «V  Mammoth  White  Pekin  Ducks,  Stock, 
hatching  eggs,  chicks,  ducklings.  Circular.  Est.  1904 
Above  Poultry  Farm,  Chatham,  Morris  Co.  N.  J. 

DABY  CHICKS— Single  Comb  White  Leghorns. 
L*  Rose  Comb  Rhode  Island  Reds,  9e  and  12c  each. 
Strong  and  livable.  From  vigorous  free  range  stock, 
bred  for  utility  and  standard  qualities.  Safe  delivery 
guaranteed.  WKSLKY  GRIN  NELL,  Sodus,  N.  Y'. 


1911. 


<\THI£  RURAt  NEW-YORKER 


MARYLAND  POULTRY  QUESTIONS. 

It  is  customary  in  this  section  to  have 
poultry  houses  on  concrete  walls,  with  con¬ 
crete  floors.  The  building  10  feet  wide, 
eight  feet  high  in  front  and  six  feet  high 
in  rear.  These  houses  are  divided  into 
sections  18  or  20  feet  long,  containing 
roosting  room  with  roosts,  droppings  boards, 
with  the  nests  under  the  latter.  In  the 
roosting  room  is  one  small  window.  The 
other  division  which  is  the  scratching  room 
has  a  curtained  front  which  swings  up 
to  ceiling  in  the  day  and  during  hot  weather 
nil  the  time.  Is  there  a  better  house  than 
this  for  poultry  and  if  so  what  is  it  and 
how  constructed?  I  would  also  like  to 
know  what  is  the  trouble  with  my  S.  C. 
W.  Leghorn  pullets  of  which  I  have  200  in 
one  house  90  feet  long  by  10  feet  wide  and 
constructed  as  described  above.  These  pul¬ 
lets  commenced  laying  last  September  and 
by  October  1  I  was  shipping  eggs  from 
them  regularly.  By  January  10  they  were 
yielding  a  00  per  cent  supply  of  eggs. 
After  that  date  there  was  a  change,  and 
they  comenced  to  sit  on  the  roosts  much 
of  the  time ;  their  droppings  were  not 
right ;  the  combs  of  some  of  them  changed 
from  dark  red  to  a  purplish  tinge  and  the 
product  fell  away  from  00  per  cent  to  about 
30  per  cent.  I  gave  them  my  personal  at¬ 
tention,  feeding  as  I  have  always  fed, 
wheat,  corn,  oats,  bran,  middlings,  and  corn- 
meal  mash,  plenty  of  green  food,  such  as 
mangels  and  cabbage,  with  meat  meal,  grit, 
oyster  shell  and  charcoal  always  by  them. 
I  occasionally  gave  them  green  cut  bone 
and  daily  a  few  boiled  potatoes.  Can  any 
one  tell  me  the  trouble? 

Maryland.  C.  F.  B. 

From  the  description  given  of  your 
poultry  houses  they  appear  to  fill  all  the 
essential  requirements  for  keeping  a  flock 
of  layers  if  properly  arranged  and  cared 
for.  I  do  not  believe,  however  in  crowd¬ 
ing  so  many  hens  in  one  house  10x90 
feet.  If  you  will  remove  100  of  your 
poorest  layers  I  am  sure  you  will  get 
more  eggs  from  the  remaining  200  than 
you  arc  now  getting  from  the  whole 
flock  and  you  would  save  one-third  of 
the  feed.  The  feed  you  are  giving  seems 
to  be  well  adapted  for  egg  production  if 
properly  fed.  I  surmise  that  you  tried  to 
force  your  birds  early  in  the  Winter  for 
extra  heavy  egg  production.  This  prac¬ 
tice  seldom  pays,  as  ill  effects  usually  fol¬ 
low  which  take  away  the  small  advantage 
gained  temporarily.  c.  S.  G. 


FEEDING  SUMMER  SILAGE. 

In  our  experience  in  feeding  cows  we 
usually  feed  silage  in  Summer,  and  are 
in  fact  feeding  silage  for  our  rations 
daily  at  the  present  time.  Our  silage  is 
made  from  corn,  the  best  we  can  grow, 
with  the  corn  cut  with  the  stalk  without 
husking,  just  as  the  grain  commences 
to  glaze.  We  are  much  in  favor  of  feed¬ 
ing  green  Alfalfa  to  our  cattle,  regard¬ 
ing  it  as  one  of  the  very  best  feeds.  We 
usually  feed  from  racks,  cutting  the  Al¬ 
falfa  and  feeding  in  small  pasture  or 
runway  for  exercise  and  fresh  air.  We 
have  grown  it  for  about  20  years,  sow¬ 
ing  it  in  our  young  orchards,  cutting  it 
three  times  a  year  unless  the  season 
proves  jx  dry  one.  I  cannot  see  that  this 
crop  has  been  a  detriment  to  the  growth 
in  our  orchard,  and  we  have  certainly 
had  good  crops  of  Alfalfa.  We  believe 
in  using  large  silos ;  our  present  silos 
are  16  feet  in  diameter,  ann!  we  use  con¬ 
tinually  from  one  silo,  taking  from  the 
top  daily  so  as  to  keep  the  feed  from 
moulding.  E.  v.  p. 

Massachusetts. 

A  silo  eight  feet  inside  diameter  and 
10  feet  high  would  contain  about  1,600 
cubic  feet.  The  average  weight  of  sil¬ 
age  at  the  depth  in  a  silo  of  that  size 
would  be  about  30  pounds,  or  48,000 
pounds,  so  if  200  pounds  per  day  were 
fed  it  would  last  about  160  days.  Of 
course  the  silage  at  the  top  would  not 
weigh  over  one-half  as  much  per  foot 
as  at  the  bottom  which  should  be  taken 
into  consideration  in  feeding.  If  I  were 
to  handle  this  proposition  I  would  erect 
a  silo  eight  feet  in  diameter  and  24  feet 
high  so  that  when  the  silage  had  settled 
it  would  be  20  feet  deep.  Then  when 
ready  to  feed  from  it  I  would  cut  on 
some  clover  hay,  or  if  I  did  not  have 
that,  put  on  six  inches  more  or  less  of 


cut  straw,  or  chaff  if  I  had  nothing  bet¬ 
ter.  This  covering  I  would  move  about 
first  on  one  side  of  the  silo  and  then  on 
the  other  so  as  to  protect  the  surface  as 
much  as  possible  as  I  was  taking  out 
the  silage.  Of  course  in  feeding  silage 
the  cows  should  have  some  dry  food  so 
that  if  a  portion  of  the'  clover  hay,  straw 
or  chaff  should  get  mixed  with  the  sil¬ 
age  it  would  do  no  harm,  and  more 
could  be  added  as  the  covering  should  be 
fed  mixed  with  the  silage.  Now  the 
feeding  of  200  pounds  of  silage  per  day 
indicates  the  keeping  of  five  cows.  As 
it  is  but  little  more  labor  to  care  for 
10  than  five  why  not  double  the  number 
and  thus  make  it  perfectly  feasible  to 
Summer  feed  silage  and  make  twice  the 
milk,  money  and  manure  with  but  little 
more  trouble?  j.  s.  woodward. 


MORE  ABOUT  SELLING  CORN  SILAGE. 

I  do  not  know  of  any  instance  where 
corn  silage  was  sold  as  a  business  ven¬ 
ture  in  this  section.  We  have  our  or¬ 
chards  on  the  highest  parts  of  the  farms, 
cutting  up  the  fields,  so  that  people  only 
keep  what  cows  they  can  tie  out.  Corn 
silage  should  be  fed  as  taken  from  the 

silo,  and  to  my  mind  would  not  pay  for 
the  trouble  to  try  to  keep  a  fresh  supply 
for  two  or  three  cows.  Anyone  having  four 
or  more  cows  will  find  it  profitable  to  build 
a  silo  suitable  to  the  dairy.  M.  a. 

Burt,  N.  Y. 

I  very  much  doubt  if  silage  could  be 

grown  and  sold  as  you  suggest,  because 
after  it  was  taken  out  of  the  silo,  it 

would  not  keep  longer  than  five  or  six 
days  in  cold  weather,  and  in  warm 

weather  it  would  start  to  mould  in  one 
or  two  days.  The  fact  that  it  would  keep 
only  a  few  days,  making  it  necessary  for 
the  farmer  who  wanted  to  buy  it  to  go 
after  it  every  few  days,  would  make  too 
much  labor.  B.  L.  M. 

Trumansburg,  N.  Y. 

A  small  quantity  of  silage  has  been  sold 
in  this  part  of  the  country  at  different 
times  among  the  neighbors,  but  I  have 
personally  no  experience  along  this  line.  I 
would  think  the  best  kind  of  silage  could 
be  made  where  it  was  made  in  large  silos, 
but  in  warm  weather  I  fear  it  would  be  a 
little  hard  for  the  consumer  to  keep  it 
longer  than  a  few  days,  as  it  would  be 
very  apt  to  heat ;  however,  if  it  was  not 
far  to  haul,  and  both  buyer  and  seller 
were  fixed  to  handle  it  in  the  most  con¬ 
venient  manner,  there  is  no  doubt  in  my 
mind  that  it  would  be  a  success.  As  to 
the  price  per  ton  obtained,  I  do  not  re¬ 
member  having  heard  any  price  named.  It 
would  seem  to  me,  if  a  person  was  going 
to  make  it  a  business  to  sell  silage  to  dif¬ 
ferent  parties,  he  should  also  deliver  it, 
making  a  round  every  other  day  or  so,  and 
if  the  business  would  warrant,  every  day 
might  not  be  too  often. 

Maryland.  sam’l.  hersiibeuger. 

About  11  years  ago,  while  superintendent 
of  a  large  dairy  farm  in  Connecticut,  I 
purchased  a  silo  full  of  silage.  The  barns 
had  burned  and  owner  wished  to  sell  silage, 
and  also  wanted  work  for  his  team,  so  I 
made  this  agreement  with  him.  lie  was 
to  deliver  one  ton  daily  at  9  a.  in.,  price 
12  cents  per  cubic  foot ;  there  proved  to 
be  00  pounds  to  the  foot  making  $4.80  per 
ton  delivered  on  the  feeding  floor.  Usually 
a  cubic  foot  will  not  weigh  much  above  40 
pounds,  but  this  silo  was  very  deep,  and 
was  well  packed  and  also  contained  an  im¬ 
mense  amount  of  ears,  white  Southern 
corn ;  many  slices  of  ears  measured  over 
three  inches  across.  As  to  price,  it  must 
depend  entirely  on  quality ;  Eureka  silage 
would  sell,  were  I  the  purchaser,  for  about 
05  per  cent  of  price  of  Learning,  yellow 
dents  or  white  Hints  and  50  per  cent  of 
price  of  Longfellow  or  yellow  flints,  pro¬ 
vided  of  course  all  were  properly  handled 
and  ears  left  on.  Undoubtedly  such  a 
business  would  pay  were  one  located  near 
farmers  who  had  to  buy  roughage  in  large 
quantities,  and  who  .believed  in  silage.  Many 
milkmen  near  large  cities  buy  all  feed,  but 
are  prejudiced  against  silage  and  turnips; 
why,  I  don’t  know,  for  either  one,  if  prop¬ 
erly  fed,  makes  best  of  feed  and  no  poor 
results.  To  sell  silage  one  must  have 
regular  demand,  as  after  a  silo  is  opened 
it  should  have  some  taken  off  daily.  Per¬ 
sonally,  were  I  to  buy  feed  for  cows,  I 
would  buy  silage  305  days  in  the  year, 
could  I  get  it,  in  preference  to  all  other 
feed,  but  silage  is  easiest  feed  to  raise 
(value  considered)  and  where  a  man  raises 
any  feed  he  would  naturally  raise  silage 
if  he  were  not  prejudiced  against  it,  and 
buy  hay,  which  is  more  easily  handled 
when  drawn  from  a  distance,  and  can  be 
hauled  at  eonvient  time,  while  silage  would 
have  to  be  hauled  daily,  as  it  will  sour 


within  48  to  60  hours,  and  will  not  be  as 
good  if  out  of  silo  more  than  12  hours,  and 
then  should  be  kept  in  tight  box.  I  should 
say  Learning  corn  silage  should  sell  for 
25  per  cent  of  price  of  good  stock  hay,  de¬ 
livered.  Such  a  business  would  not  pay 
here,  as  farmers  buy  but  little  roughage. 
This  business  is  more  adapted  to  near  city 
farms  where  there  are  dairymen  buying  all 
their  feed.  f.  b.  parsons. 

Massachusetts. 


FEEDING  VALUE  OF  CORN. 

In  Mr.  Duekwall’s  article  on  grinding  feed 
on  page  303,  he  speaks  of  the  comparative 
values  of  meal  made  from  shelled  corn,  and 
corn  and  cob  meal.  I  do  not  wish  to  ap¬ 
pear  contentious,  but  it  seems  to  me  there 
must  be  something  wrong  with  the  figures 
he  gives.  He  says  68  pounds  of  corn  and 
cob  meal  contains  3.08  pounds  of  protein 
and  has  an  energy  value  of  48.99  therms, 
while  a  bushel  of  meal  from  shelled  corn 
weighing  56  pounds  contains  3.80  pounds 
protein  and  has  an  energy  value  of  49.75 
therms.  The  figures  as  given  show  that 
when  we  shell  the  corn  we  get  a  given 
food  and  energy  value,  but  if  we  add  the 
cobs  from  which  the  corn  was  shelled  we 
have  less  food  and  energy  than  just  from 
the  corn.  In  other  words,  adding  the  cobs, 
which  certainly  must  contain  some  heating 
material  or  they  would  not  burn,  will  take 
away  food  from  the  corn,  which  to  my 
mind  is  manifestly  impossible.  l.  c.  p. 

As  stated  in  the  article  referred  to,  tne 
figures  given  were  taken  from  Farmers’ 
Bulletin  No.  346,  and  are  for  net  energy 
values ;  that  is,  these  figures  show  what 
the  animal  gets  from  the  feeds,  not  what 
the  chemist  finds  in  them ;  in  other  words, 
these  figures  indicate  the  digestible  and  not 
the  total  nutrients.  For  instance,  the  aver¬ 
age  composition  of  dent  corn,  giving  total 
ingredients,  is  protein  10.3,  carbohydrates 
82.6%,  while  the  digestible  ingredients  are 
protein  67.9,  carbohydrates  78%.  These 
figures  arc  from  Farmers’  Bulletin  No.  22, 
in  part.  In  regard  to  corn  and  cob  meal, 
on  page  391  of  “Profitable  Stock  Feeding,” 
by  FI.  R.  Smith,  corn  colis  are  assigned  the 
following  total  compositions  :  I’rotein  2.4, 
carbohydrates  55%,  and  on  page  398  are 
the  digestible  nutrients  in  corn  cobs  as  fol¬ 
lows  :  Protein  0.4,  carbohydrates  52.5%, 
not  a  very  good  showing  but  slightly  better 
than  wheat  straw  in  carbohydrates,  whose 
value  is  about  36%.  The  great  muscular 
energy  necessary  to  chew  and  digest  corn¬ 
cobs  and  wheat  straw  render  them  value¬ 
less  when  fed  alone,  but  as  roughage  or  to 
lighten  up  concentrated  feeds  they  have 
some  practical  value.  It  is  not  the  total 
amounts  of  nutrients  in  a  given  feed  but 
the  amount  available  for  the  use  of  the 
animal  after  deducting  what  is  lost  in  the 
excreta  and  the  amount  needed  to  supply 
the  energy  for  mastication  and  digestion. 
Digestible  nutrients  are  a  percentage  of 
the  total  nutrients  in  any  given  feed,  and 
such  a  percentage  is  called  a  digestion 
coefficient.  These  digestion  coefficients  are 
determined  by  means  of  an  elaborate  and 
expensive  apparatus  called  a  respiration 
calorimeter,  one  being  located  at  the  Penn¬ 
sylvania  State  College.  We  must  not  place 
too  great  a  reliance  on  these  values  and 
figures ;  in  most  cases  they  are  averages, 
in  some  cases  estimates  and  are  to  be  re¬ 
garded  as  tentative,  and  to  serve  as  guides, 
rather  than  to  be  followed  slavishly  in  se¬ 
lecting  feeds  or  compounding  rations. 

W.  E.  DUCK  WALL. 


Tankage  for  Hogs. 

Is  tankage  a  substitute  for  skim-milk 
for  feeding  hogs?  c.  c. 

New  York. 

Tankage  is  a  very  desirable  addition  to  a 
ration  for  growing  or  fattening  hogs  where 
a  supply  of  protein  is  not  available  in  the 
form  of  skim-milk.  It  is  more  expensive 
than  the  ordinary  mill  feeds  and  it  is  not 
necessary  to  use  more  than  10  per  cent  of 
the  concentrated  feed  in  the  form  of  tank¬ 
age.  H.  IX.  WING. 


“MEN  WHO. KNOW 


77 


USE  THE 


DE  LAVAL 

CREAM 

SEPARATOR 

Why  should  YOU  experiment  or 
take  chances  with  anything  else  V 

THE  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  CO. 


165-167  BROADWAY, 
NEW  YORK 


29  E.  MADISON  ST. 
CHICAGO 


COW  COMFORT 

Jleans  additional  profit.  Simple 
durable,  easily  locked.  !■  outer 
Steel  Stnnehloni  cannot  be 
opened  by  the  cattle.  Top  and  bot¬ 
tom  chains  permit  froo  head  move¬ 
ment,  standing  or  lying  down,  yet 
keep  cattle  lined  tip  and  clean. 
Write  for  new  booklet  showing 
model  stables. 

Foster  Steel  Stanchion  Co., 

906  Ins.  Bldg'.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


Prof.  F.  G.  Helyar  of 
Mt.  Herman  School,  Mt. 
Herman,  Mass.,  writes: 

“  We  could  not  get  along 

without  Warriner  Stanch¬ 
ions.” 

Send  address  for  book- 
—  let  of  information  to 

WALLACE  It.  CRLMT1,  ItuxMI,  Forc.tvMle,  Coni. 


RoiiF.rrrsoN’s  cn  \  i  n 
HANGING  STANCHIONS 
4<I  have  used  them  for  more 
tlmn  TWENTY  YEARS,  and  they 
lmvo  Riven  the  very  beat  of  Bat  la- 
faction  in  every  way,”  writes 
JiiHtus  TT.  Cooley,  M.D.,  Plainfield 
Sanitarium,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

Thirty  days’  trial  on  application 
O.  If.  K0BEKT80X 
Wash.  St.,  Foreatvllle,  Conn* 


Five  Standard 
Live  Stock  Books 


Feeds  and  Feeding,  by  W.  A.  Henry, 
of  Wisconsin  Agricultural  College. 
The  eleventh  edition  of  this  excellent 
book  is  now  available.  Price  $2.25. 

Principles  of  Breeding,  by  Eugene 
Davenport,  of  the  University  of  Illinois. 
Over  700  pages;  many  illustrations.  A 
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Price  $2.50. 

Types  and  Breeds  of  Farm  Animals, 

by  C.  S.  Plumb,  of  Ohio  State  Uni¬ 
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the  important  breeds  and  accurate  state¬ 
ments  of  their  origin  and  characteristics. 
Price  $2.00. 

Farmers’  Veterinary  Adviser,  by 

James  Law,  of  Cornell  University,  an 
eminent  veterinary  authority  both  in  this 
country  and  Europe.  This  book  has 
600  pages.  Price  $3.00. 

Sheep  Farming  in  America,  by  Joseph 
E.  Wing,  well  known  as  a  practical 
sheep  man.  The  best  work  on  sheep 
we  know  of.  Price  $1.00. 


All  these  books  are  for  sale  by 

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409  Pearl  Street,  New  York 


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LOU  DEN  S  Bi  rd  Proof 


The  solid  steel  track  of  this  new 
hanger  has  no  opening  whatever  except  a 
narrow  slit  along  the  bottom.  Not  even  a  house  wren  can 
get  in.  It  is  absolutely  trouble  proof— bird-proof,  weather¬ 
proof,  clog-proof. 

LOUDEN’S  HANGER 

Is  (he  only  hanger  made  with  a  flexible  track— won’t  hold  trash  between  track 

and  Darn  to  rot  the  Biding.  Mad©  of  heavy  rust-proof  steel.  So  strong  and  dur¬ 
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L0UDENIZE  your  whole  barn.  It  will  save  you  time,  labor  and  money.  Use 

Louden  s  Junior  Ilay  Carrier,  Balance  Grapple  Fork,  Feed  and  Litter  Carriers,  and 
Sanitary  Steel  Stalls  and  Stanchions.  See  them  at  your  dealer's— if  he  hasn’t  them 
send  us  a  rough  plan  of  your  barn  for  an  estimate  of  cost  and  saving. 

Catalog  and  valuable  booklet  free  if  you  send  us  your  dealer's  name.  Write  today. 

601  Broadway 
Fairfield,  Iowa. 


Louden  Machinery  Company, 


69S 


WHE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


June  17, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


During  June  this  department  received 
74  doubtful  accounts  for  collection, 
amounting  to  $2810.60.  It  collected  59 
accounts  amounting  to  $999.23.  The  in¬ 
quiries  for  ratings  were  157  for  the 
month.  For  the  most  part  the  com¬ 
plaints  came  for  small  amounts.  They 
are  not  always  sent  for  the  amount  in¬ 
volved,  but  because  people  do  not  like 
to  submit  quietly  to  imposition  and 
robbery. 

What  can  you  tell  us  about  the  responsi¬ 
bility  of  E.  Iloch  &  Co.,  formerly  of  43 
Jay  Street,  but  now  150  Iteade  Street,  New 
York  City  ?  They  are  soliciting  consign¬ 
ments  of  eggs  and  poultry.  Neighbors  have 
made  shipments  that  have  not  been  beard 
from,  and  inquiries  produce  no  reply. 

New  York.  G.  E,  s. 

We  are  receiving  other  complaints 
from  this  source.  Our  information  is 
that  they  have  only  desk  room,  and  may 
be  here  to-day  and  away  to-morrow. 
If  they  have  responsibility,  financially, 
we  have  not  discovered  it. 


I  contracted  with  A.  Wipper,  proprietor 
of  the  Cincinnati  Milk  Company,  for  de¬ 
livery  of  milk  to  him,  for  which  he  was  to 
pay  every  two  weeks,  but  was  to  allow  him 
live  days’  grace  to  collect  his  accounts.  His 
account  would  run  away  over  $100  in  two 
weeks  as  I  was  shipping  him  30  to  40  gal¬ 
lons  a  day  at  22  cents  per  gallon.  He  kept 
paid  up  for  awhile,  but  finally  began  to  fall 
behind  and  I  stopped  shipping  milk  to  him. 
lie  owes  me  $170.  I  learn  that  he  owes 
others.  He  is  the  worst  pill  I  ever  got  hold 
of.  '  J.  a  s. 

Ohio. 

It  seems  that  Mr.  Wipper  mixed  up 
this  contract  between  himself  person¬ 
ally  and  an  incorporated  company',  which 
is  now  in  a  receiver’s  hands,  and  he 
wants  creditors  to  take  stock  in  his  com¬ 
pany  for  their  claims.  He  has  made 
fair  promises  for  the  adjustment  of  the 
claims  and  continued  shipment,  but 
seems  to  have  no  intention  of  keeping 
the  promises..  We  do  not  see  that  the 
creditors  have  any  redress  for  the  old 
accounts;  and  any  one  who  would  again 
ship  him  milk  on  credit  would  deserve 
the  losses  that  the  situation  abundantly 
promises. 

We  have  received  from  the  Temple  Pump 
Company  a  check  for  $332  iu  full  for  en¬ 
gine.  We  wish  to  thank  you  for  your  kind 
attention  in  this  matter.  You  will  please 
send  us  your  bill  for  your  trouble  and  we 
will  send  check  for  same.  We  will  do  our 
best  to  get  all  the  subscribers  to  your 
paper  that  we  can.  w.  l. 

Vermont. 

We  have  no  bill  to  render  for  this  or 
any  service  like  it.  If  this  service  is 
appreciated  by  any  farmer  we  will  be 
glad  to  have  him  express  it  in  the 
sending  of  subscriptions  for  neighbors. 

I  have  set  my  heart  on  trying  out  the 
experiment  of  publishing  a  farm  paper 
solely  on  service  to  the  farmer,  without 


should  see  that  their  agents  do  as  they 
promised.  This  is  not  a  question  of  the 
value  of  the  machine.  It  is  a  question 
of  the  guarantee  of  the  company’s  agent. 
If  the  machine  was  satisfactory  to  every 
other  man  in  the  world,  this  customer 
would  still  be  entitled  to  the  return  of 
his  money  under  his  contract.  The  ma¬ 
chine  may  or  may  not  be  right ;  but  Mr. 
Stiles  certainly  is  not  right ;  and  his 
company  should  be  responsible  for  his 
breach  of  contract. 

There  is  a  young  man  canvassing  this 
vicinity  for  the  Chicago  Portrait  Co.,  Chi¬ 
cago,  Ill.  He  carries  samples  of  work  done 
and  solicits  orders  for  enlarging  photographs 
under  some  professedly  new  process  in  imi¬ 
tation  of  oil  paintings.  Of  course  bis  sam¬ 
ples  look  all  right.  lie  offers  to  make  con¬ 
tracts  in  duplicate  to  deliver  the  pictures, 
subject  to  approval,  no  money  until  then, 
but  binds  the  purchaser  to  take  a  suitable 
frame  at  a  reasonable  price  not  stipulated 
in  the  contract.  Please  tell  us  what  you 
think  or  know  of  this  firm  and  their  meth¬ 
ods  of  doing  business.  h.  c. 

Ohio. 

We  know  nothing  about  this  house  in 
particular;  but  we  do  know  other  con¬ 
cerns  have  been  doing  a  fake  business 
along  this  line  for  years.  If  they  bind 
you  to  take  the  frame  at  their  own 
price,  you  are  pretty  sure  to  take  the 
picture  also.  We  have  had  lots  of 
trouble  in  the  past  with  these  houses. 
They  get  pictures  that  people  do  not 
want  to  lose  and  then  refuse  to  return 
them.  Other  times  they  charge  out¬ 
rageous  prices  for  the  frames.  From 
past  experience  we  would  be  suspicious 
of  any  such  scheme. 

Your  letter  of  May  2  informing  me  I  was 
to  receive  my  claim  ($5.76)  through  our 
agent  was  duly  and  gladly  received,  and 
now  I  make  haste  to  say  the  agent  paid  me 
to-day.  I  am  so  glad  you  succeeded  where 
I  had  failed.  Very,  very  many  thanks  to 
you  and  much  prosperity  to  your  valuable 
paper.  I  certainly  do  appreciate  your  ser¬ 
vices  and  was  so  glad  to  get  it.  Thousands 
of  thanks.  r.  k.c. 

Delaware. 

This  was  a  difficult  claim.  The  ex¬ 
press  company  arbitrarily  denied  respon¬ 
sibility  and  it  was  only  by  perseverence 
that  we  got  them  to  give  it  the  consid¬ 
eration  we  felt  it  merited.  Our  sub¬ 
scriber  was  in  the  habit  of  sending 
peaches  in  the  evening  for  sale  at  Johns¬ 
town  the  next  morning,  but  this  par¬ 
ticular  shipment  was  not  delivered  until 
late  the  following  day  and  the  com¬ 
mission  house  refused  them,  advising 
the  shipper  to  file  claim  against  the 
express  company,  who  declined  to  con¬ 
sider  it,  claiming  a  few  hours  delay 
would  make  no  material  difference,  and 
stating  that  the  peaches  were  over-ripe 
when  shipped.  He  referred  the  matter 
to  us  and  the  company  made  the  same 
statement,  which  we  refuted  by  affida¬ 
vits  which  proved  the  quality  of  the 
peaches,  and  showed  that  because  of 
the  delay  they  could  not  compete  with 
those  delivered  promptly  and  in  better 
condition  and  that  they  would  have 
brought  a  higher  price  because  of  their 
prime  quality  The  delay  was  not  long 
enough  to  spoil  the  peaches,  but  it  was 
long  enough  to  cause  depreciation  in 
value,  for  which  the  express  company 
was  responsible. 


consideration  of  any  other  interest,  and 
I  am  going  to  test  it  to  the  limit.  It  is 
going  to  take  some  time  before  farmers 
appreciate  the  importance  of  such  a  ser¬ 
vice,  partially  because  at  best  the  service 
must  be  imperfect,  and  again  because 
the  necessity  of  the  service  arises  from 
want  of  information  required  in  order 
to  appreciate  it.  But  when  it  begins  to 
be  appreciated  the  subscription  part  of 
the  business  will  take  care  of  itself. 

In  August,  1910,  I  bought  a  Peerless 
steam  washer  from  D.  II.  Stiles,  agent  of 
the  company.  Garnet,  Kansas,  under  a  eon 
tract  in  writing  by  which  he  guaranteed 
that  the  machine  would  “do  all  that  is 
claimed  for  it  and  be  satisfactory  or  money 
refunded.”  It  is  not  satisfactory  and  I 
have  not  been  able  to  induce  Mr.  Stiles  to 
live  up  to  his  contract.  He  and  the  com¬ 
pany  are  at  Garnet,  Kans.  I  cannot  afford 
to  go  there  to  enforce  my  claim  for  so  small 
an  amount,  and  I  send  it  to  you  to  see  if 
you  can  make  Mr.  Stiles  do  as  he  agreed. 

Missouri.  I.  a.  h. 

We  have  been  no  more  successful  in 
holding  D.  IT.  Stiles  to  his  agreement 
than  the  complainant.  He  flatly  re¬ 
pudiates  his  written  agreement,  and  tells 
his  customer  plainly  that  he  will  do 
nothing  about  it.  He  guaranteed  this 
machine  “to  be  satisfactory  or  money 
refunded.”  When  asked  to  make  good, 
he  writes  long  letters  telling  how  good 
the  machine  is,  and  finally  refuses  to 
do  as  he  agreed  in  writing.  It  is  said 
that  the  Peerless  Steam  Washer  Co.  is 
a  partnership  of  W.  C.  Camp,  Coving¬ 
ton,  Ky.,  and  C.  E.  Bean,  Garnet,  Kans., 
both  of  whom  are  responsible  and  well 
known  in  their  communities.  If  so,  they 


In  your  issue  of  April  29,  you  give  the 
address  of  a  charity  for  women  iu  “Pub¬ 
lisher’s  Desk.”  Do  you  know  of  any  such 
place  for  me?  It  would  seem  that  there 
might  be  such  a  place,  a  mission  or  settle¬ 
ment.  A  man  somewhat  disabled  but  reli¬ 
able  and  willing  could  always  be  of  use, 
and  find  a  good  place  on  a  farm.  Almost 
any  kind  of  a  boy  could  find  a  place,  and 
often  a  good  home.  On  many  farms  if  help 
is  hired  it  must  be  at  a  moderate  wage, 
for  the  farmer  cannot  receive  35  cents  of 
the  consumer’s  dollar,  and  pay  wages  in 
proportion  to  the  consumers’  receipts.  The 
It.  N.-Y  does  many  very  worthy  things ; 
if  it  can  aid  some  of  the  city's  surplus 
to  find  work  aud  wages  on  farms  to  their 
mutual  benefit,  it  will  not  be  the  least  of 
their  accomplishments.  You  have  written 
of  men  willing  and  desirous  to  give  their 
blood  to  be  infused  into  another  person 
because  they  were  out  of  work  and  needed 
the  money.  Would  they  not  go  on  to  farms 
to  work?  I  would  like  one  at  least  and 
might  place  more.  Your  answer  will  be 
much  appreciated.  g  a.  p. 

Massachusetts. 

This  friend  gives  us  a  bard  task. 
There  are  agencies  and  organizations  in 
the  city  who  would  send  to  the  farmers 
such  help  as  they  have,  but  the  farmer 
would  be  obliged  to  advance  the  rail¬ 
road  fare,  and  take  his  chances  I  have 
had  a  little  'experience  in  advancing 
these  expenses  myself  and  usually  got  a 
squeezed  lemon.  During  the  past  10 
years  I  have  had  some  connection  with 
city  charity  work,  but  seldom  find  a 
man  in  need  who  is  willing  to  go  to  a 
farm,  and  it  is  rarer  still  that  one  of 
them  knows  anything  whatever  about 
farm  work.  Brother  Barnabas  is  teach¬ 
ing  boys  to  do  farm  work  at  his  Lincoln 
School  at  Somers,  N.  Y.  Men  might 
be  prepared  for  the  work  in  the  same 
way,  but  it  would,  of  course,  entail  con¬ 
siderable  expense.  There  is  some  talk 
that  the  State  will  establish  a  farm  for 


vagrants  or  tramps,  but  it  remains  to 
be  seen  whether  the  experiment  would 
develop  any  real  farm  help.  We  be¬ 
lieve  that  industrial  training  schools  in 
connection  with  practical  farm,  work 
will  yet  prepare  boys  for  farm  work, 
but  from  our  present  experience  we 
would  not  care  to  take  the  responsi¬ 
bility  of  sending  such  raw  male  mate- 
terial  as  we  find  in  the  city  to  the 
country  in  the  name  of  farm  help.  We 
know  there  is  a  large  portion  of  charity 
and  forbearance  within  the  four  walls 
of  our  farm  homes,  but  we  doubt  if 
there  is  grace  outside  of  the  houses  to 
endure  the  moral  strain  of  a  city  dere¬ 
lict. 

The  Post  Office  Department  has  now 
complied  with  an  order  to  print  the 
record  of  the  hearing  on  April  15,  1911, 
given  Herbert  Myrick  on  the  application 
for  second  class  mail  privileges  for  the 
Orange  Judd  Northwest  Farmstead. 
Those  who  read  the  interview  given  the 
city  papers  after  the  hearing  will  find 
new  light  in  this  report.  If  you  want  it, 
write  the  P.  O.  Dept.,  Washington,  D. 
C.,  for  Document  No.  32.  The  question 
at  issue  as  we  understand  it  was  one  of 
legitimate  subscriptions.  Mr.  Myrick 
made  application  for  73,000  subscrip¬ 
tions.  From  the  investigation  of  the 
Department  it  seemed  that  32,000  of 
these  were  not  subscribers  under  the 
rules  applied  to  all  publications.  The 
question  at  issue,  as  Third  Assistant 
Postmaster-General  Britt  repeatedly  ex¬ 
plained,  was  the  legitimacy  of  these  32,- 
000  alleged  subscriptions,  but  we  search 
the  record  in  vain  for  a  single  word  to 
show  any  reason  whatever  for  calling 
them  subscriptions.  Mr.  Myrick  seemed 
to  confine  himself  to  the  contention  that 
his  paper  was  not  designed  “primarily 
for  advertising  purposes”  and  seemed  to 
think  that  sufficient.  Under  his  con¬ 
tention,  if  a  paper  contained  useful  in¬ 
formation  and  advocated  measures  to 
the  interest  of  its  readers,  then  the  De¬ 
partment  should  not  reject  “free  circula¬ 
tion,’’  as  the  law  requires.  On  Mr. 
Myrick’s  contention,  a  publisher  with 
41,000  legitimate  circulation,  could  sell 
advertising  space  on  a  basis  of  100,000; 
and,  if  the  paper  passed  muster  as  a 
farm  paper,  he  could  mail  73,000  copies 
or  any  number  up  to  100,000  or  more  to 
names  secured  through  banks  or  other 
interests,  and  the  Government  would  be 
obliged  to  deliver  them  at  the  rate  of 
one  cent  a  pound,  though  the  law  says 
“free  circulation”  cannot  be  mailed  at 
this  rate.  The  report  directly  charges 
Mr.  Myrick  with  making  false  statements 
to  the  Department  and  of  omitting  in¬ 
formation  due  the  Department,  and  of 
destroying  evidence  of  the  illegality  of 
subscriptions  for  which  application  had 
been  made.  Indirectly  it  accuses  him  of 
deliberately  cheating  advertisers.  Mr. 
Myrick  sold  advertising  space  on  the 
basis  of  100,000  circulation.  If  not  defi¬ 
nitely  stated,  it  was  implied  that  this 
was  genuine  circulation.  No  advertiser 
would  knowingly  buy.  the  space  at  the 
rate  on  “free  circulation.”  But  the  De¬ 
partment  rules  that  there  was  a  genuine 
circulation  of  only  41,135,  and  Mr.  My¬ 
rick  admits  in  the  record  that  the  cir¬ 
culation  at  that  time  was  only  about 
75,000,  which  included  the  32,469  subse¬ 
quently  rejected  by  the  Department. 
Moreover,  a  large  proportion  of  the  le¬ 
gitimate  subscriptionswere  transferred 
from  other  Myrick  publications,  in  which 
many  of  the  advertisers  had  already 
bought  space  and  were  entitled  under 
their  contract  to  the  full  service.  As 
it  stands,  advertisers  are  pretty  sure  to 
demand  redress  in  the  shape  of  a  com¬ 
mensurate  rebate,  and  a  full  explana¬ 
tion  of  the  matter  might  clear  the  at¬ 
mosphere,  otherwise  advertisers  will 
naturally  wonder  if  similar  conditions 
prevail  with  the  other  Myrick  publica¬ 
tions. 

The  matter  is  of  interest  to  legitimate 
publishers  and  their  subscribers  because 
the  publishers  need  to  know  just  what 
rules  will  be  applied  to  all,  and  it  is  im¬ 
portant  to  those  who  .willingly  obey  die 
law,  that  those  who  strive  to  avoid  it 
will  be  brought  under  its  provisions.  It 
is  important  to  the  legitimate  subscriber 
because  the  flooding  of  the  mail  with 
“free  circulation”  will  result  in  an  in¬ 
crease  of  postage  rates  which  he  must 
ultimately  pay.  It  is  important  to  him 
in  another  way  in  knowing  that  he  is 
not  being  educated  and  instructed  for 
the  benefit  of  the  bankers  or  other  in¬ 
terests  which  send  his  name  for  the 
paper.  It  is  important  to  the  advertiser 
because  he  is  willing  to  pay  for  legi¬ 
timate  circulation  only.  He  relies  to 
some  extent  on  the  postal  regulations 
and  he  does  not  like  to  feel  that  his 
Government  has  helped  bunco  him. 

J.  J-  d. 


Fill  Your  SiloFirstl 

Pay  Afterwards 

I  We  want  to  prove  to  yon  that  onr  machines 
are  a  good  Investment  before  you  give  up 
I  your  money.  We  know  they  are  so  good  that 
[we  do  not  feel  it  a  risk  to  m 

make  this  offer.  Just  tell  IK  In  our 
us  your  needs.  Eft  61st 

Year 


ISILOFILLINQ 
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has61  yesrs’eiporienc©  behind  it — more  experience 
than  any  other  machinery  of  its  kind  made.  It  has 
thousands  of  enthusiastic  owners  in  every  dairy  and 
intensive  farming  district  in  the  U.  S.  It  is  not  only 

FULLY  GUARANTEED 

to  be  frse  from  dofeets  at  all  times  but  also  to  be 
the  strongest,  most  durable  and  modern  of  any- 
manufactured.  Our  offer  will  help  you  to  deter¬ 
mine  this  before  you  buy.  Ask  an  expert’l  advice  if 
you  care  to. 

Our  large  free  eatalog  ehowe  our  complete  line. 
Write  for  it. 

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We  aleo  manufacture  the  R068  Silo 

A  complete  stock  of  machines  and  repairs  carried 
with  The  Fairbanks  Co.,  Syracuse,  N.Y.,  Mallalieu 
<fc  Conrey,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Brin  ton  &  Worth, 
Westchester  Pa..Fred  B.  Fuller, Gouvcrneur,N.Y. 


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Cuts  and  elevates  silage  with  less 
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twist  and  warp;  elevates  over  50  feet  9% 
without  clogging.  Write  for  booklet, 
“How  to  Prepare  Ensilage,”  TREE,  gig 
PAPEC  MACHINE  CO.,  Bo*  10,  Shorisvllli,  N.  Y. 

Distributing  Points:  sggg 

Des  Moines  Silo  &  Mfg.  Co.,  Dcs  Moines,  la. 
Western  Implement  Co.,  Indianapolis,  1ml. 

r.-„ - »  - -  "  ■  —  S. 


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Dallman  &  Cooper  Co.,  Fond  du  Lac,  Wls 


INDIANA  SILOS 

Now  in  use  everywhere.  Any  user 

will  toll  you  why  Indiana  Silos  are 
the  “best  and  cheapest.”  Let  ua 
send  you  the  Free  book  that  solves 
the  high  priced  feed  question — 
“SILO  PROFITS.”  Our  Factories 
are  located  at  Anderson,  Ind.,  De3 
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Mo.  Write  for  SiloCatalog Today. 

mmn  sclo  company 

318  Union  Building,  Anderson,  Ind. 


£ 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOR 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 
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strongest  built,  simplest  to  put  up  and  easiest  operated 
on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take-up  hoop- 
continuous  open-door  front — air-tight  door  and  per¬ 
manent  ladder  are  some  of  the  unusual  features.  Tho 

International  Silo  cn..  II 3  Unln  St..  Llnesvilla.  ra. 


SILOS 

The  inventors  of  the  Modern 
Continuous-Opening  Silo  offer 
to  the  public  the  largest  and 
most  complete  line  of  Silos  on 
the  market.  Our  experience, 
which  antedates  that  of  any 
other  firm  manufacturing  these 
goods,  has  enabled  us  to  p  roduce 
the  highest  quality  at 
the  most  reasonable 
prices.  Send  for  our 


catalog  on  Silos  and  Silo  Fillers, 
“the  kind  Uncle  Sam  uses,”  and 
tell  us  the  size  of  Silo  wanted. 

HARDER  MFC.  COMPANY 
BOX  ||  COBLESKILL,  N.  Y.  * 


THE  UNADILLA  SILO 

IS  THE  SENSATION  OF 
THE  AGRICULTURAL  WORLD 

Because  it  has  an  adjustable  door 
front  to  and  from  doors. 

Because  no  hammer  is  needed  to 
release  doors. 

Because  doors  can  he  unlocked,  moved 
in  frame  and  relocked  50  times  a  minute. 

Write  for  catalogue  describing  tho 
above  features  and  testimonials,  and 
our  “TWENTY -FIVE  REASONS.” 

We  also  manufacture  Farm  Water 
Tubs  and  are  New  England  representa¬ 
tives  for  I’apec  Cutters  and  are  iu  posi¬ 
tion  to  quote  low  prices  upon  receipt  of  inquiry. 

Extra  discount  for  early  orders.  Agents  wanted. 
THE  UNADILLA  SILO  CO.,  Inc.,  Box  B,  UNADILLA,  N.  Y. 


GREEN  MOUNTAIN  SILOS 

Write  TODAY  for  Booklet  to 
CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MANUFACTURING  CC 
338  West  St„  Rutland,  Vt. 


1911. 


THE)  RWRAft  ISIEW-YORKER 


Q©  9 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  June  17,  1911. 


FARM  TOPICS. 

Concrete  Tile  in  Swamp  Land . 082 

Organization  for  Austrian  Farmers...  683 
Chemicals  and  Green  Crops  for  Truck.  085 

Turnips  or  Beets  in  Corn .  685 

Handling  Poor  Land .  685 

Killing  Witch  Grass .  685 

Separating  Vetch  and  Rye .  086 

Getting  Rid  of  Garlic .  087 

Notes  on  Vetch .  687 

Plowing  Under  Canada  Peas .  087 

Hope  Farm  Notes . OSS 

The  Farm  Diary .  091 

Crop  Notes  . 091 

LI VB  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

Early  Lambs  in  New  York .  681 

Orchard  Hens  in  Mexico .  088 

The  "All  Around”  Shorthorn  Cow....  094 

Mrs.  Hog  as  Money  Earner .  694 

Silo  for  Small  Farmer .  094 

l’igs  on  Purchased  Feed .  094 

Milk  .  095 

Shelter  Crops  . 696 

Henhouse  Convenience  .  696 

Feather  Pulling  .  096 

Truth  and  Indian  Runner  Ducks .  090 

Maryland  Poultry  Questions . 097 

Feeding  Summer  Silage .  097 

More  About  Selling  Silage .  697 

Feeding  Value  of  Corn . 097 

Tankage  for  Hogs .  097 


HORTICULTURE. 

Echoes  from  an  Old  Tree  Deal . 682 

Money  in  Old  Orchards .  683 

Starting  a  Tree .  683 

Preparing  Lawn  Soil .  684 

Rye  and  Vetch  for  Orchard .  684 

Spiders  vs.  Borers .  084 

Securing  Roses  to  Walls .  085 

Rye  in  Orchard .  085 

What  About  Crunnells? . 086 

About  Quince  Culture .  086 

What  is  “Swamp  Root?” .  086 

Soil  for  Strawberries .  6S6 

Sterilizing  Plant  Bed .  687 

Spraying  and  Rain . 687 

Inter-Pollination  of  Plants .  689 

New  Long-keeping  Orange .  689 

Diseases  Affecting  Pseonies .  689 

Treatment  of  Cyclamens .  689 

Cleaning  Carrot  Seed . 689 


WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day .  692 

A  Bird  Lesson .  692 

The  Rural  Patterns .  693 

A  Fair  Exchange .  693 

Fairfield  Cake  .  093 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

Fixing  a  Line  Fence .  682 

Elimination  of  the  Express  Companies  682 

I  low  they  Kill  Moles .  683 

Castor  Beans  and  Moles .  684 

Products.  Prices  and  Trade .  684 

Correct  Scales  in  New  York .  685 

Insulating  Wires  .  685 

Home  Canningnvith  Steam .  685 

Power  from  Waterfall .  685 

I'kiel  for  the  Future .  686 

Kinky  Rope  .  686 

Stove  Ventilator  .  686 

More  About  Cement  Roofs .  687 

Improving  Icehouse  .  687 

Adobe  for  Farm  Buildings .  687 

Kentucky  Farm  House .  688 

Editorial  .  690 

Other  People’s  Money .  691 

Publisher's  Desk  . 698 

Humorous  .  790 


MARKETS 

Wholesale  at  New  York, 
Week  Ending  June  9,  1911. 


BUTTER 

Although  receipts  are  heavy,  the  market 
is  decidedly  firmer  than  last  week,  partly 
owing  to  heavy  speculative  buying. 


Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 22  &  .23 

Good  to  Choice . 19  @  .21 

Lower  Grades  . 15  ©  .18 

State  Dairy,  best . 21  @  .22 

Common  to  Good . 14  @  .18 

Factory . 14  @  .17 

Packing  Stock . 12  ©  .16 


Elgin  111.  butter  market  firm  at  2114  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  23  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  23  cents. 


CHEESE 

Market  firm  on  new  whole  milk  cheese  of 
the  better  grades.  High-grade  old  stock  is 
getting  scarce. 


Full  Cream,  best,  new . 1014©  -11 

Common  to  Good . 09  ©  .lo 

Skims . 04  ©  .08 

Old ,  common  to  good . 11  ©  .13 


EGGS 

There  is  still  a  surplus  of  medium  quali¬ 
ties,  which  dealers  are  anxious  to  sell  at 
any  reasonable  price.  Stock  suitable  for 
the  best  class  of  trade  is  scarce.  But  little 
buying  for  storage  is  noted. 


White,  good  to  choice . 20  ®  .22 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 19  @  .20 

Common  to  Good . 15  @  .17 

Western,  best . 17  ©  .19 

Under  grades . 12  ©  .15 

Checks  and  dirties . 07  ©  .12 


BEANS 


Business  dull  and  prices  lower  on  medium 
and  pea. 


Marrow,  100  lbs. . 

Medium....  . 

Pea . 

Yellow  Eye . 

lied  Kidney . 

WhiteKidney.... 
Lama,  California 


3.25  ©  3.85 
3.00  ©  3.70 
3.00  @  3.65 
3.50  ©  3.60 
6.00  ©  6.65 
5.00  ©  5.10 
6.70  ©  6.85 


HOPS 

Market  on  Pacific  Coast  inactive,  but 
stock  is  firmly  held  for  higher  prices.  The 
crop  on  mainland  of  Europe  is  reported 
good. 


Prime  to  Choice . 31  @  .32 

Common  to  Good . 29  @  .30 

Pacific  Coast .  25  @  .26 

German  Crop,  1910 .  .50  @  .54 

CIDER  VINEGAR 

N.  Y.  prices  for  single  barrel  lots. 

Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 22  ©  .24 

Standard  Grade . 13  ©  .15 


DRIED  FRUITS 

New  York  prices  for  single  barrel  lots. 
The  market  on  evaporated  apples,  both 
lor  spot  and  futures  is  strong. 

Apples,  evap.  prime . 13  ©  14 

Evap,  com.  to  good . 06  ®  .12 

Cores  and  Skins . 07  ©  .07)4 

Raspberries . 29  @  32 

Cherries . 14  ©  .17 


FRESH  FRUITS 

Apples  are  getting  scarce,  but  slightly 
lower  on  account  of  poor  quality.  Peaches 
arriving  in  bad  condition,  either  rotten  or 
green,  selling  mostly  under  .$2.  Strawber¬ 
ries  in  very  heavy  supply,  considerably 
damaged  by  rain  and  selling  low.  Cherries 
selling  well ;  huckleberries  and  blackberries 
dull.  Muskmelons  very  irregular  in  quality. 
Some  choice  western  brought  $9  per  crate. 
Weather  too  cool  for  watermelon  trade. 


Apples,  Russet,  bbl . 

@  4.50 

Baldwin . 

©  5.60 

Ben  Davis . 

....  3.60 

@  5.00 

Spy . 

Western — 

©  5.50 

Newtown,  box . 

©  2.75 

Home,  box . 

©  2.75 

Black  Ben.  box . 

....  2  00 

©  2.10 

Gano.  box  . 

©  2.25 

Strawberries,  up-river,  qt.... 

. 06 

@  .09 

Del.  and  Md„  qt . 

®  .09 

Eastern  Shore . 

©  .06 

Jersey,  qt . 

©  .08 

Peaches,  Ga.,  carrier . 

fa  3.50 

Cherries,  lb . 

© 

.09 

Muskmelons,  Fla,,  crate . 

.  ..  2.00 

©  : 

(.60 

California,  crate . 

....  6.(i0 

®  8.60 

Watermelons.  Fla,  100 . 

..,40.00 

©  60.00 

Plums.  Ga,  carrier . 

(a  2.75 

Huckleberries.  N.  C.,  qt . 

...  .10 

©  .13 

Blackberries,  qt . 

Gooseberries,  qt . . 

. 10 

©  .12 

©  .08 

VEGETABLES 

Sound  new  potatoes  scarce.  Old  stock 
higher.  Asparagus  market  slightly  im¬ 
proved,  some  fancy  green  exceeding  quoted 
prices.  Cabbage  in  good  demand.  String 
beans  plenty,  but  largely  old  and  wilted. 
Peas  very  dull  except  for  fancy.  New 
squash  very  plentiful  and  low.  Tomatoes 
green  and  watery,  selling  slowly. 

Potatoes — N.  Y.  State,  ISO  lbs . 2.25  ©  2.37 

Maine .  2.25  ©  2.50 

Southern,  new.  No.  1,  bbl .  5.50  ©  6.50 

Southern,  new,  No.  2,  bbl .  3.50  @  4.50 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bkt . 1.00  ©  2  00 

Asparagus,  Jersey,  green,  f'ey . 2.00  ©  4.00 

Jersey,  white,  fey . 2.00  ®  2.50 

Long  Island,  white,  Southern....  1.25  ©  2.25 

Penn.,  green,  choice . 3.00  ©4.00 

Culls .  75  ®  1.25 

Beets,  new,  100  bunches .  1.00  ©  3.00 

Carrots,  bbl . 2.00  ©  2225 

Southern,  new.  100  bunches . 1.00  ©  2.00 

Cabbage— New,  Southern,  bbl .  1.60  @2.25 

Sweet  Corn,  Southern,  100 .  1.50  ©  4.00 

Cucumbers.  Southern,  bu . 75  ©  1.50 

Lettuce,  )4-bbi.  bkt . 50  ©  1.00 

Peppers.  Southern,  bu . 1.00  ©  1.25 

Horseradish.  100  lbs .  4.00  la)  6.00 

Okra.  Fla.  Carrier  .  1.00  ©  2.50 

Onions,  Texas,  new,  crate . 75  ©  2.25 

Bermuda,  crate .  1.75  ©  1.85 


Egyptian,  bag . 

Peas.  Md.  and  Va.,  bu . 

...  2. 00 

@ 

2.50 

. . .  .50 

© 

1.25 

Jersey,  bu . 

...  .75 

a 

1.55 

Radishes.  100  bunches . 

.35 

.75 

lUiubarb,  100  bunches,, . 

© 

1.00 

Mushrooms,  hothouse,  lb . 

...  .15 

.30 

String  Beans,  bu . 

@ 

2.25 

Spinach,  bbl . 

...  .50 

© 

.75 

Squash,  bbl . 

© 

1  50 

New.  bu . 

.75 

Turnips,  Rutabaga,  bbl . 

...  2.00 

© 

2.25 

White,  bbl . 

@ 

2.00 

Leeks,  100  bunches . 

© 

2.00 

Egg  Plants.  Fla,  box . 

...  .7  5 

a 

1.25 

Tomatoes.  Fla.  crate . 

...  1-00 

© 

2.25 

Hothouse,  lb . 

@ 

.12 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Market  firm,  particularly  on  choice  fowls. 


Chickens,  Broilers,  lb .  .30  ©  .32 

Fowls . 14  ©  .15 

Roosters . 08  ©  .10 

Ducks .  11  ©  .12 

Geese . 08  ©  .09 

Turkeys . 12  ©  .15 


DRESSED  POCLTRr— Fresh  Killed 
Market  quiet,  supplies  being  fully  equal 
to  current  demand.  Broilers  very  irregular 
in  size  and  quality. 


Turkeys,  best . 15  ©  .16 

Common  to  Good . 13  @  .14 

Chickens,  fancy  broilers,  lb .  35  @  .40 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 25  ©  .30 

Fowls .  13  @  .14 

Spring  Ducks,  lb . 17  @  .14 

Squabs,  doz .  1.75  @  3.75 


DRESSED  POULTRY-FROZEN 


Turkeys,  best .  .22  ©  .23 

Chickeus.  milk-fed  broilers . 22  ©  .25 

Corn-fed  broilers . 18  ©  .22 

Milk-fed  roasters . 17  ©  .18)4 

Cora-fed  roasters . 15  ©  .16)4 

Fowls .  .12  @  .15 

Ducks,  best . 13  ©  .14 

Common  to  good . 08  @  .12 

Geese . v . 07  @  .11 


HAY  AND  STRAW 

Market  decidedly  quiet  and  prices  $1  to 
$2  per  ton  lower. 


Hay,  No.  1,  ton.., 

No.  2 . 

No.  3 . 

Clover  Mixed... 

Clover . 

8traw,  Rye . 

Oat  and  Wheat. 


,29.00  @  30.00 
,24.00  ©  27.00 
.21.00  @  23.00 
18.00  ©  24  00 
.16.00  ©  19.00 
.13 DO  ©  14.00 
.  8.00  @  9.00 


LIVE  STOCK 


Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 6.00  ©  6.65 

Bulls . 3.75  ©  5.00 

Cows .  2.00  ©  4.75 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 7.50  ©  9.50 

Culls  . 5.00  ©  6.00 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 3.50  ©  4.50 

Lambs .  7.00  ©  8.50 

Hogs . 6.00  @  0.40 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.06  ©  .. 

No.  2,  Red . 97  ©  ... 

No.  1  Macaroni..... . 96  ©  .. 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 53  ©  .59 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 40  ©  .44 

MILL  FEED 

Spring  Bran, ton .  23.10  @  23.35 

Standard  Middlings .  24.60  ©  27.35 

Red  Dog .  27.50  @  28.00 

Hominy  Chop .  22.25  ©  23.45 

Linseed  Meal .  33.00  @  34.00 

Corn  Meal .  23.00  ©  24.00 


COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  15.85 

Middling  Gulf .  16.10 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  14.95 

Good  Middling .  15.85 

WOOL 

NewYork Fleeces,  Delaine, unwashed..  22  ©  .23 

•Ohio  half  blood  combing . 24  @  .25 

Kentucky,  three- fourths  blood . 23  @  .23)4 

Michigan,  half  blood . 23  ©  .24 

TOBACCO. 

Conn.  broadieaf-Iiller . 08  ©  .10 

Fine  wrappers  .  DO  ®  .75 

N.  Y. State  Fillers . 05  ©  .06 

Fine  and  Selections . 12  ©  .16 

Ohio.  Zimmer's  Spanish . 19  @  .20 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs .  .07  ©  .09)4 

Dark  Leaf . 10  ®  .20 

Bright  Cutters . 12  @  .30 

Penn,  broad  leaf  fillers . 10  ©  .12 


“Who  gave  ye  th’  black  eye,  Jim?” 
“No  body  give  it  t’  me,  I  had  to  fight  fer 
it.”— Life. 


AILING  ANIMALS. 

Milkless  Mare, 

I  have  a  mare  that  brought  a  colt  last 
year  and  did  not  give  any  milk  for  it.  She 
will  foal  again  this  Spring.  What  can  I  do 
for  her ;  she  does  not  make  any  udder  at 
eB  ?  R.  B.  T. 

Arkansas. 

The  mare  should  not  have  been  bred 
again,  and  we  know  of  no  way  of  insuring 
that  there  will  be  a  flow  of  milk  for  the 
next  foal.  Thorough  massage  of  the  udder 
by  hand  two  or  three  times  daily  may  help, 
and  if  this  seems  to  do  so,  then  rub  in 
brandy  each  night.  Feed  plenty  of  nutri¬ 
tious,  milk-making  food.  If  green  grass  does 
not  start  milk,  other  foods  will  not  be  likely 
to  do  so.  a.  s.  A. 


Calf  with  Fits, 

We  have  a  calf  about  three  months  old ; 
it  is  apparently  healthy,  but  it  has  been 
having  spells  of  turning  around  in  a  circle 
ever  since  it  was  two  weeks  old.  It  will  be 
playing  around  and  all  at  once  it  will  be¬ 
gin  to  turn  around  to  the  right  and  keep 
it  up  till  it  finally  falls  over ;  in  a  half  of 
a  minute  it  will  get  up  and  presently  it  will 
be  as  lively  as  ever.  The  spells  seems  to 
be  growing  more  violent  as  the  calf  grows 
larger.  The  calf  is  a  heifer  and  is  fed  its 
milk  from  a  pail.  These  spells  seem  to  be 
increasing  in  frequency  and  it  will  have 
six  or  eight  during  the  day.  What  causes 
this  condition  and  what  can  be  done  to 
remedy  it?  h.  o.  a. 

Illinois. 

The  cause  is  indigestion  and  that  is 
caused  by  errors  in  foods  and  feeding.  Give 
the  calf  its  liberty  on  grass  and  if  milk 
is  fed  let  it  be  given  in  small  quantities  at 
least  three  times  a  day,  and  in  it  mix 
limewater  at  the  rate  of  one  ounce  per 
pint.  See  that  the  milk  vessels  are  kept 
scrupulously  clean  and  sun-dried.  Give  the 
calf  a  full  dose  of  castor  oil  in  milk  and 
repeat  the  dose  once  or  twice  a  week  until 
the  trouble  subsides.  a.  s.  a. 

Weak  Stifles. 

I  have  a  two-year-old  mare;  for  the  past 
month  her  knuckle  joints  crack  when  she 
steps  over  in  stable  and  the  past  two 
mornings  I  notice  she  seems  to  drag  one 
leg  and  jerk  it  up  as  if  she  had  cramp 
in  it.  It  is  worse  in  morning  on  getting  up  ; 
after  turning  out  in  yard  I  see  nothing  of 
it.  She  is  in  fine  condition.  What  do  you 
think  is  the  cause,  and  what  can  he  done 
for  it?  Do  you  think  it  well  to  breed  a 
two-year-old,  or  would  you  advise  waiting 
another  year?  new  jersey. 

The  patella  of  stifle  no  doubt  slips  out 
of  place  temporarily  and  causes  the  jerk¬ 
ing  observed  and  the  fetlocks  also  are  weak. 
Tie  filly  up  short  in  stall  and  blister  the 
stifle  with  cerate  of  cantharides.  Let  her 
stand  on  an  earthen  floor  rather  than  on 
boards.  It  is  a  common  practice  to  breed 
well-grown,  strong  draft  fillies  at  two  years 
of  age.  It  would  be  a  mistake  to  breed 
your  filly  before  she  is  three  years  old,  as 
it  is  evident  that  she  is  in  weak  condition, 
possibly  associated  with  rapid  growth.  Feed 
her  oats  and  bran  to  strengthen  her  mus¬ 
cles.  a.  s.  A. 

Paralysis  in  Sow. 

I  have  a  brood  sow  with  eight  pigs.  When 
they  were  eight  days  old  she  was  taken 
sick;  she  cannot  get  up.  She  has  been 
down  for  a  week  and  is  no  better.  She 
has  the  run  of  an  orchard  and  has  been 
fed  mixed  feed  and  corn ;  she  has  a  good 
appetite.  Can  you  tell  me  what  is  the  mat¬ 
ter,  and  what  I  can  do  for  her?  Two  of 
my  neighbors  have  sows  affected  the  same 
way.  j.  s. 

This  form  of  paralysis  (eclampsia)  is 
brought  on  by  the  strain  and  drain  of  nurs¬ 
ing  pigs,  and  it  usually  attacks  sows  that 
have  been  overfed,  pampered  and  given  too 
little  exercise  before  farrowing.  It  is  seen 
in  sows  of  “lard”  breeds,  from  breeding 
stock  managed  and  fed  in  the  way  we  have 
indicated.  The  tendency  to  the  trouble  is 
no  doubt  hereditary.  Fat,  flabby  condition, 
associated  with  constipation  and  extreme 
nervousness,  generally  precedes  the  attack. 
There  is  little  hope  for  sows  so  affected ;  but 
some  have  recovered  after  deep  puncture¬ 
firing  of  the  muscles  of  the  loins,  by  means 
of  a  fine-pointed  thermo-cautery  used  by  a 
qualified  veterinarian.  Where  a  paralyzed 
sow  is  in  good  flesh  she  should  be  slaugh¬ 
tered  for  meat  promptly,  before  emaciation 
trikes  place.  It  is  much  the  better  policy 
to  prevent  such  attacks  by  proper  feeding 
and  management  of  hogs.  Make  it  a  prac¬ 
tice  to  save  most  of  the  corn  for  fattening 
hogs.  Do  not  give  much  of  it  to  growing 
pigs  or  breeding  boars  or  sows.  Prefer 
mixed,  nitrogenous  rations,  and  make  all 
classes  of  hogs  take  sufficient  outdoor  exer¬ 
cise  every  day,  to  maintain  perfect  circula¬ 
tion  of  the  blood,  muscular  condition  and 
activity  of  the  excretory  organs.  A  hog 
in  such  condition  is  robust  and  healthy ; 
in  natural  shape,  and  so  able  to  resist  dis¬ 
ease  and  successfully  withstand  such  trials 
as  farrowing  and  drains  like  nursing  of  a 
litter.  Among  most  useful  foods  in  pre¬ 
venting  paralysis  are  Alfalfa  hay,  bran, 
middlings,  digester  tankage,  flaxseed  meal, 
milk.  Lime  water  and  phosphate  of  lime 
should  be  given  with  the  food  when  there 
is  a  tendency  to  rickets  or  paralysis  in 
hogs.  a.  s.  A. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Thu 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Be  Fair  To  Your 

Mai*C0C  Write  Now  for 
*•  our  Free  Book 

Get  more  work  out  of  your  horsey— at 
less  cost  by  treating  them  right.  Galled 
necksand  sore  shoulders  cost  big  money. 
Prevent  them.  20th  Century  Collars  aro 
the  horses’ best  friends,  the  farmers’ 
biggest  money  savers.  Pressure  is 
just  right  —  where  the  flesh  Is. 
Moves  with  the  horse's  shoulder, 
relieving  pressure,  preventing 
rubbing,  dialing  or  choking.  Ad¬ 
justable  in  size  16  inches  to 26  inches. 

Twentieth  Century 

Horse  Collars 

cut  down  veterinary  bills— keep  tho  horses 
in  finest  working  condition  all  year  ’round. 
Out  last  3 1  o  Sorclinary  collars.  Walt  till  you 
get  our  book  before  you  buy  another  collar. 

TWENTIETH  CENTURY  MFC.  CO. 

1 47  W.  17th  Street,  Chicago  Heights,  III. 


500  Pure  Bred  Single  Comb  White  Leghorn 

YEARLING  HENS 

$1.00  each;  10#  discount  100  lots;  now  producing  GO# 
egg  yield;  heavy  layers. 

J.  L.  ELLIOTT  ...  I’lemington,  N-  J. 


Ind  Inn  If  11  nner  Ducks,  S  t  per  pair,  from  260-ogg  strain. 
Eggs,  $1.00  and  $2.00  per  12.  C.  GORDON,  Sprakers,  N.  Y. 


WRIGHT’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTE  WINNERS 
—Baby  Chix,  June  Hatch,  $11  per  100;  $6  per  50 
GRAND  VIEW  FARM,  -  Stanfordvillk,  N.  Y' 


SlTl’KSStTI,  Experienced  Poiiltrymnn  Wnnts  Poiitimi — Full 
charge  or  assist;  results  assured.  llox  170, Park  nidge, N-J. 


EGGS  WANTED — Would  like  to  receive  about  five  to  ten 
cases  Leghorns,  fifteen  to  twenty  eases  mixed 
hennery  eggs.  Top  quotations  paid  at  all  times. 

B.  WEITiNG,  Grocer,  1217-1219  First  Avenue,  New  York  City 


MvPMF'xHIRF  PIGS  ARE  LOOKING  FINE-Bred  from 
IVI J  U  ll  Loll  I UL  rluO  best  stock  obtainable. 


Either  sex  ten  dollars,  F.  O.  B. 
L.  R.  THURSTON,  R.  F.  D. 


Troy,  N.  Y„  R.  F.  D. 
3,  Troy,  Now  York. 


WANTFn~MAN  WITH  thorough  knowledge  of 

LD  SHEEP  AND  HOG  HUSBANDRY,  who  can 

take  full  charge  of  proposition  covering  the  feeding, 
handling,  and  marketing  of  same.  State  experience 

andreferences.  Address  Sheep  Farm,  care  of  The  R.  N.-Y. 


pi.KASE  semi  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Oom- 
*  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter, 
Eggs,  Poultry,  Pork,  Calves,  Hay,  Grain.  Beans, 
Apples,  etc.  K.  ll.  WOODWARD,  302  Greenwich  St.,  N.Y, 


Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  S  CO.,  Com¬ 
mission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York. 


Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  StM  -  Boston. 

FARM  FOR  SALE— Ideal  place  for  city  party  wanting 
Summer  Home  for  family.  Write  for  particu¬ 
lars.  No  postals.  BOX  63,  Oak -Hill,  N.Y. 

FflR  SAI  F~If  you  want  the  best  farms  for  the 
1  Ull  OHLL  money,  send  for  our  large  free  catalog. 
HALL’S  FARM  AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.,  N.Y. 


icn  Farms  FOH  SAIjE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
luU  lullllo  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horace  G.  Reel>er,  Newtown,  Pa. 


Fruit  Farms 


IN  BEST  PARTS  OF  NEW  YORK 
STATE.  We  have  them.  All  sizes 


and  all  prices.  Send  for  free  catalogue. 

NORTHERN  REALTY  CO.,  Syracuse,  N,  Y. 


WE  SELL  FARMS  in  Oceana,  best  County  in  U.  S. 

Fruit,  Alfalfa.  Grain, Vegetables,  Stock,  Poul¬ 
try.  J.  D.  S.  HANSON  &  SON,  Hart,  Mich. 


WANTED — By  Nov.  15,  an  up-to-date  young  Farmer 
”  and  Wife,  to  take  on  shares  or  small  money 
rent  a  small  farm  in  eastern  Pennsylvania  ;  must 
have  practical  knowledge  of  farming  and  technical 
knowledge  of  all  dairy  work  except  cheese-making. 
Good  chance  to  right  party. 

J.  C.  FOSTER,  Pension  Bureau, Washington,  D.C, 


Eight  Angus  Bull  Calves 

of  Quality  and  Breeding  must  be  sold  regardless  of 
price.  25  head  of  horses,  Hackney  and  standard 
bred  brood  mares,  colts  andtlllies,  racing  prospects, 
driving  and  work  stock,  all  ages  and  prices.  Come 
see  them  and  you  will  get  a  bargain.  Catalog  free. 

DEI,  A  WAKE  STOCK  FARM. 

’Myer  &  Son,  Itridfyeville.  Del. 


HANDY  BINDER 

lUST  the  thing  for  preserving  files  of 
"  The  Rural  New-Yorker.  Durable 
and  cheap.  Sent  postpaid  for  25  cents. 
cIhe  RURAL  NEW-YORKER, 

409  Pearl  Street,  New  York  City 


THREE  STANDARD 

FRUIT  BOOKS 


The  American  Fruit  Culturist,  by  John  J. 

Thomas,  for  30  years  a  practical  nurs¬ 
eryman.  This  book  contains  concise 
descriptions  of  varieties,  many  illus¬ 
trations  and  210  pages  of  cultural  mat¬ 
ter,  planting,  pruning,  etc.  Price  $2.50. 

The  Nursery  Book,  by  L.  II.  Bailey,  of 
Cornell  University.  The  standard 
work  on  propagation  in  all  its  details. 
Every  one  interested  in  horticulture 
should  have  it.  Price . $1.50. 

Bush  Fruits,  by  Fred  W.  Card,  a  well 
known  expert  in  small  fruits.  Planting, 
care,  diseases,  descriptions  of  vari¬ 
eties,  etc.,  are  fully  treated.  It  has  512 
pages,  many  illustrations.  Price  $1.50. 


All  these  books  arc  for  sale  by 

THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

409  PEARL  STREET.  NEW  YORK 


eoo 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


June  17,1911, 


HUMOROUS 


“Had  a  puncture,  my  friend?”  The 
chauffeur  looked  up  and  swallowed  his 
feelings  with  a  huge  gulp.  “No,  sir,”  he 
replied,  “I’m  just  changing  the  air  in  the 
tires.  The  other  lot’s  worn  out,  you 
know  !”• — Idea. 

Mother:  “What  are  you  doing,  Har¬ 
ry?”  Harry:  “I’m  countin’.  You  told 
me  when  I  got  mad  to  count  100.” 
Mother:  “Yes,  so  I  did.”  Harry:  “Well, 
I’ve  counted  237,  and  I’m  madder’n 
when  I  started.” — Harper’s. 

Bobbie  saw  some  puppies  for  sale. 
'  “How  much  are  they,  Mr.  Brown?”  he 
politely  asked.  “Two  dollars  apiece,”  re¬ 
plied  Brown.  “But  I  don’t  want  a  piece 
— I  want  a  whole  dog,”  explained  Bob¬ 
bie. — Chicago  Daily  Socialist. 

Farmer  Silow  :  “Well,  that  beats  all, 
Abner !  How  do  you  get  your  hens  to 
lay  so?”  Farmer  Kluckman:  “By  this 
here  new-fangled  thing  they  call  Sug¬ 
gestion.  There’s  a  phonograph  in  my 
chicken-house  that  keeps  cacklin’  all  the 
time.  Hear  it?” — Puck. 

“In  addition  to  giving  your  husband 
the  medicine,”  said  the  doctor  to  the 
patient’s  wife,  “I  wish  you  would  see 
that  he  gets  a  shower  bath  every  morn¬ 
ing.”  The  woman  looked  worried. 
“But  doctor,”  she  asked  anxiously, 
“what  am  I  goin’  to  do  the  mornin’s  we 
don’t  have  no  showers  ?” — Chicago 
News. 

“It  was  a  terrible  sensation,”  says  the 
man  who  is  narrating  his  experiences 
while  almost  drowning.  “After  I  went 
down  for  the  third  time  my  past  life 
flashed  before  me  in  a  series  of  pictures.” 
“You  didn’t  happen  to  notice,”  asks  the 
friend,  edging  forward  with  interest,  “a 
picture  of  me  lending  you  that  ten  dol¬ 
lars  in  the  Fall  of  1898,  did  you?” — Life. 

“I  wonder  why  the  soldiers  are  in 
Texas?”  began  the  patrolman  affably. 
The  man  sitting  next  to  him  in  the  car 
appeared  to  be  surprised.  “I  didn’t 
know  there  were  any  soldiers  in  Texas,” 
he  said.  “Didn’t  know  there  were  sol¬ 
diers  in  Texas?”  said  the  officer.  “Say, 
give  me  your  name  and  address.  You 
will  be  wanted  on  a  jury  one  of  these 
days.” — Buffalo  Express. 

“Dug  ’em  out  of  th’  ground?”  ex¬ 
claimed  the  old  gentleman  from  upstate, 
looking  at  the  case  of  vases  from  Her¬ 
culaneum.  “Yes,  sir,”  answered  the  at¬ 
tendant.  “What,  jist  as  they  be?”  “Per¬ 
haps  some  little  pains  have  been  taken 
in  cleaning  them,  but  in  other  respects 
they  are  the  same.”  “Pshaw !”  muttered 
the  old  man,  turning  away.  “He  can 
say  what  he  likes ;  but,  by  gum,  he  can’t 
fool  me  into  believing  ready-made  vases 
were  ever  dug  up  out  of  th’  ground!” — 
Metropolitan  Magazine. 

SAVE  HALF  Your 
Paint  Bills 

By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT  — proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 
Only  Paint  endorsed  by  the  “Grange.” 
Made  in  all  colors, — for  all  purposes. 
DELIVERED  FREE. 

From  the  Mill  Direct  to  You  at  Factory  Price** 

INGERSOLL  PAINT  BOOK  — FREE 

Tells  all  about  Paint  and  Painting  for  Durability. 
How  to  uvoid  trouble  and  expense  caused  by  paints 
fading,  chalking  and  peeling.  Valuable  information 
free  to  you.  with  Sample  Color  Cards.  Write  me.  DO 
IT  NOW.  I  can  save  you  money. 

0.  W.  Ingersoll,  246  Plymouth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

Genasco 

the  Trinidad-Lake- Asphalt  Roofing 

Doesn’t  rot,  rust,  crack  or 
break.  Get  it  for  your  roofs. 

The  Kant-leak  Kleet  prevents  nail- 
leaks.  Write  for  Good  Roof  Guide 
Book  and  samples. 

The  Barber  Asphalt  Paving  Company 

Largest  producers  of  asphalt,  and  largest 
manufacturers  of  ready  roofing1  in  the  world. 

Philadelphia 

New  York  San  Francisco  Chicago 


H^pae  Mixed  Fertilizers  Pay 

You  t  •make  a  ton  of  any  brand  cheaper  than  you  can  buy 
it.  You  a  make  the  kind  best  suited  to  your  soil  and  crops. 

Mos  £  the  Potash  in  your  soil  won’t  be  available  for  a 
thousanc  "ars.  You  must  supply 


er 

LJ 

h* 

< 

tr 


Potash 


that’s  avfc?  now,  and  give  your  crops  a  chance  this  season. 

Try  2c^  &  400  pounds  per  acre  of  a  mixture 
equal  pa?-*  •«}  Bone  and  Kainit,  or  what  is  better,  800 
lbs.  Bone,  000  lbs.  Acid  Phosphate,  and  400  lbs. 

Muriate  of  Potash. 

Ask  your  dealer  for  prices 
or  write  us.  We  will  sell  any 
amount  of  Potash  Salts,  from 
200  lbs.  (one  bag)  up. 

Our  two  Free  Books,  “Fall  Fer¬ 
tilizers”  and  “Home  Mixing,” 
will  tell  you  how  to  save  money 
on  your  fertilizers  and  get  bigger 
crops  at  the  same  time. 

GERMAN  KALI  WORKS,  Inc. 

Continental  Building,  Baltimore 
Monadnock  Block,  Chicago 
Whitney  Bank  Building,  New  Orleans 


The 
Modern 
Wagon 


OUR  BOOKLET 

When  the  Going  is  Bard 

Contains  information  that  is  well  worth  your 
time  to  read.  The  discussion  on  "A  Wheel 
with  One  Spoke”  is  worth  DOLLARS  to  you. 
We  tell  you  why  a  wooden  wheel  is 
dished,  which  is  something  many  wagon 
manufacturers  do  not  know.  There  are  about 
twenty-five  other  articles  just  as  interesting. 

DAVENPORT  ROLLER-BEARING 

STEEL  FARM  WAGON 


There  are  many  reasons  why  the  DAVENPORT  is  the  wagon  for  the  farmer  today. 
Among  these  are:  30%  to  50%  Lighter  Draft.  Increased  Carrying  Capacity,  Does  Not  Carry 
Mud.  No  Repair  Bills.  No  Tires  to  Reset,  and  Many.  Many  More,, 

Better  Investigate.  Write  for  the  booklet  and  also 
for  our  Package  No.  36.  Both  sent  FREE. 

DAVENPORT  WAGON  COMPANY 

Davenport,  Iowa  3*^,  the  roller  bear, no 


BUY  A  NEW  YORK  STATE  WAGON 

DIRECT  FROM  FACTORY 


If  you  want  the  best  made  at  the  lowest 
possible  price.  We  build  wagons  for 
service — not  merely  to  sell,  We  are  the 
only  N.  Y.  State  factory  selling  direct 
to  user, saving  one-third  of  the  cost  for  you. 

Send  for  One  on  Approval. 

Safe  delivery  guaranteed— no  deposit  or 

references  required.  Our  wagon  can  sell  A  No.  1  Runabout:  spindle  seat 
itself  or  there  will  be  no  sale.  Write  today  easy  riding,  will  last  for  many 

-----  -  --  —r - -  (pT  catalog  of  200  styles  and  Wholesale  years.  It  defies  competition, 

where  at  retail  for  less  than  $80.  Price  List.  Harness  Catalog  shows  equally  and  retails  for  365 

big  values. 


Handy  Wagon:  Removable  seats, 
drop  end  gate,  strong  and  dur¬ 
able.  Can’t  be  duplicated  any. 

f<  “ 


Rochester  Vehicle  Company ,  360  Main  St.,  Rochester,  IM.  Y. 


Farmers 

ELLIS 

CHAMPION 
THRESHERS 


are  equally  well  suited  to  threshormen 
and  grain  growers  desirous  of  doing  their 
own  work.  Herewith  is  shown  Kills  Cham¬ 
pion  No.  2  complete  with  stacker,  tailings 
elevator  and  grain  bagger;  operated  by  gasoline, 
steam  or  tread  power.  No  clogging  of  straw  in  these 
threshers.  Made  in  different  sizes  to  meet  all  needs. 

We  also  make  Tread  and  Sweep  Horse-Power,  circular 
and  drag  saws,  ensilage  cutters,  corn  shellers,  etc.  Send 
for  catalog  giving  full  information  about  these  machines. 

ELLIS  KEYSTONE  AGRICULTURAL  WORKS 


Do  Your  Own  Threshing! 
You  can  save  the  cost  of  a  rig 
in  a  few  years  besides  doing  the 
work  at  the  most  convent - 

— — ent  time 


im 


Pottstown,  Pa. 


DAI  N -THE  ONLY  PULL  POWER  HAY  PRESS 


■  Remarkable  invention.  Thi3  pull  power  principle 
overcomes  all  of  the  disadvantages  of  other  hay 
presses  and  gives  the  Daln  every  advantage  you  know 
a  hay  press  should  have.  You  will  recog¬ 
nize  these  advantages  when  you  investi-  ■ 
gate.  Dain  Pull  Power— saves  one  man  on  the 


stack— discharges  bales  forward  out  of  way— is 
lighter  in  draft— with  no  bulky  pitman  to  step 
over— self-feed  cuts  feeding  work  in  two.  Don’t 


buy  a  hay  press  until  you  learn  all  about  the  Daln. 
Send  for  big  hay  press  catalog— it’s  worth  sending 
,  for  whether  you  buy  a  hay  press  this  year  or  not. 

„„„  DAIN  MFG.  CO. 

802  Vine  St.,  Ottumwa,  Iowa 


Dreer’s  Garden  Supplies 

A  full  line  of  Garden  Tools,  Spraying  Implements  and 
Materials,  Lawn  Mowers,  Rollers,  Rakes,  etc.,  also 
Fertilizers  for  lawn  and  garden.  Write  for  catalogue. 

Henry  A.  Dreer,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


The  i  "BOSS”  POTl I  TO  DIGGER 


Has  nev¬ 
er  been 
beaten 
in  trials. 

We  can 
furnish 
testimo¬ 
nials,  on 
request, 
from  all 
parts, 
of  the  (, 
country. 

Write  for  cata¬ 
log,  prices,  &c. 


This  machine  is  not  a  new  thing,  but  lias  been  thorough¬ 
ly  tested  in  all  kinds  of  soil,  and  under  all  conditions; 
and  pronounced— as  its  name  implies— the  BOSS  OF 

ALL  DIGGERS, 
and  today 
is  in  use 
by  the 
best 
potato 
raisers  in 

the  country.  It  weighs  about  500 
pounds,  and  is  easily  handled  by 
TWO  HORSES.  It  is  so  adjusted  that 
the  operator  can  dig  every  row  and 
deliver  them  on  one  side  of  the  field, 
making  them  easy  to  pick  up.  It 
will  dig  an  uneven  surface,  and  on  side  hill  as  well 
as  on  the  level,  making  a  complete  separation  of 
the  tubers  from  the  soil  and  the  weeds.  It  is  mado 
strong,  durable,  will  do  good  work  on  stony 

ground.  E  R  ALLEN  foundry  C0„  Corning,  N.Y. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee,  editorial  page. 


DAILY 

OUTPUT 

18,000 

BBLS 


f  YEARLY 
OUTPUT 
OVER 
6,500,000 


ALPHA 

P0RTUHD  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


Put  slate  on  your  roof  and  you’ll  keep  dollars  in  your 
pocket.  No  more  leaks  or  expensive  repairs.  Nothing 

equals  curi  nnii’Q  SEA  GREEN  and  purple 

oncLuun  o  roofing  slate 

for  durability,  strength  and  economy. 

The  first  coBt  no  greater  than  high-priced  prepared 
roofing  or  shingles.  Slate  does  not  rust  or  water  soak, 
will  not  melt — not  affected  by  climate.  Our  free  book 
“The  Roof  Question”  tells  why.  Write  us  today  about 
your  wants.  Special  prices  on  car  lots. 

F.eC.  Sheldon  Slate  Co.  GrnmdiTejv.Y. 


STEEL  WHEELS 

(Low-Down) 

to  fit  your  farm’wagon, 

is  the  combination  that  makes 
you  look  and  feci  like  an  Up- 
To-Date  farmer.  You  can  do 
more  work  without  being  so  tired, 
and  you  can  do  so  much  of  your 
work  alone  with  the  Low-Down 
Steel  Wheels.  Ask  for  free 
Catalogue  of  Instructions. 

Havana  Metal  Wheel  Co. 
Box  17  Havnna,  Ill. 


DIGS  ALL  THE  POTATOES 

without  cutting  them— just  enough  adjustment  to  meet] 
your  conditions  without  carrying  too  much  soil.  _  Saves  I 
enough  more  potatoes,  even  in  small  acreage  to  pay  fori 
machine  in  short  time.  Perfect  separation.  Is  ns  light  I 
draft  as  any  digger  can  bo.  No  neck  weight.  Twostylesl 
made  Prices  $75.00  to  $105.00.  No.  150  is  the  lighter  I 
machine,  built  on  strong  but  very  simple  lines— a  great  I 
favorite  with  growers.  Separate  hearings,  easilyremoved  | 
and  cheaply  replaced.  Operates  entirely  from  the  seat 


IRON  ACE 


POT A  TO 
DIGGERS 

nre  not  experiments— vears  of  actual  use  in  all  sorts  ot  : 
conditions  have  proved  their  worth.  'Write  to  day  for  | 
Anniversary  Catalog— complete  line  of  potato  machin- 
ery,  garden  wheel  liocs  and  drills,  orchurdtools.etc. 
J5ATKMAN  M’F’G  CO. 

)  Box  102-D  ^  G  HEN  LOCH. 


Potato  Digging  Time  Coming 
“■Buy  a  Dowden  Digger  Now 


The  Dowden  Potato  Digger  is  a  machine  you  can 
absolutely  depend  on  to  do  its  work  well  all  the  time. 

Combining  simplicity  with  great  digging  capacity— 
you  can  save  the  price  of  a  digger  in  a  short  time  by 
getting  all  the  potatoes  and  eliminating  repair  bills  to 
a  minimum. 

Catalog  free.  It  tells  all  about  the  digger— how  it  is 
made  ana  what  it  will  do.  Can  be  operated  by  a  boy. 


Dowden  Mfg.  Co.,  1122  Elm  St.,  Prairie  City,Iowa 


Extra  strong, very  durable,  light  draft,  easy 
on  horses,  positively  best  potato  digger 
ou  market.  Fully  guaranteed — still  priced 
low.  Get  free  book  on  Diggers,  Pickers  and 
Sorters.  Hoover  Mfg.  Co.,  Box  56  .Avery, Ohio. 


Transfer  points— Buffalo, 
N.Y.,  Detroit, Mich,  St.  Paul, 
Minn.,  Marshalltown,  Ia„ 
Idaho  Falls, Id.,  Portland, 
Ore.,  Spokane, 

Wash.,  *s' 

Winnipeg, Man., 

Hamilton,  Ont., 

Fond  du  Lac,  Wis 


Jhe  Hoover 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4104. 


NEW  YORK,  JUNE  24,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR 


WHAT  TO  LOOK  FOR  IN  A  FARM. 
Monument  to  a  Stony  Farm. 

There  is  shown  at  Fig.  250  a  picture  of  one  of  the 
most  remarkable  farm  stone  walls  in  the  country.  It  is 
located  in  Steuben  Co.,  N.  Y.  The  width  at  the  base  is 
seven  feet — on  top  five  to  5^  feet.  As  can  be  seen 
this  wall  is  so  solidly  built  that  a  wagon  can  be  hauled 
along  the  top.  This  wall,  like  many  others  in  the  East¬ 
ern  States,  was  built  to  clear  the  fields  of  surface 
stones.  There  are  many  more  still  left  on  such  farms. 
Frost  and  the  plow  will  bring  them  up — so  that  the 
boys  who  are  obliged  to  pick  them  insist  that  they 
“grow.”  This  wall  will  give  some  of  our  Western 
farm  friends  an  idea  of  what  it  means  to  clear  such  a 
farm  of  stones.  On  the  whole  it  will  be  about  as  much 
of  a  job  to  stone  clear  as  it  was  for  the  pioneers  to 
cut  the  forest  away  from  the  Western  land.  The  soil 
on  many  of  these  stony  farms  is  naturally  strong,  but 
spongy  and  wet.  When  ditched  and  drained  by  putting 
much  of  this  stone  under  ground  the  soil  can  be  limed 
and  fed  into  a  good  state  of  fertility.  There  have 
been  so  many  questions 
about  how  to  select  a 
farm  that  we  have 
asked  a  number  of  well- 
known  farmers  to  tell 
us  what  to  look  for 
when  buying.  Some  of 
their  answers  follow : 

From  Ohio. 

So  very  many  points 
and  conditions  must  be 
considered  in  this  mat¬ 
ter  that  it  is  hard  to 
lay  down  a  rule  thait 
will  govern  very  many 
purchasers.  About  every 
one  has  different  ideals 
as  to  what  he  wants. 

Often  location  counts 
for  as  much  as  or  more 
than  the  quality  of  the 
land.  That  is,  the  pur¬ 
chaser  takes  the  chances 
that  he  can  make  up  the 
objectionable  deficiencies 
in  the  land  easier  than 
the  lack  of  conveniences 
in  a  poor  location. 

A  purchaser  makes  no 
mistake  in  buying  rich  land,  especially  if  located  in 
connection  with  a  large  body  of  such  land.  For  the 
quality  of  the  land  will  bring  to  it  in  time  all  modern 
improvements.  But  the  man  who  buys  poor  land 
where  such  land  predominates  in  quantity,  with  the 
view  of  growing  staple  crops,  takes  the  chance  of  re¬ 
maining  poor  with  the  land.  It  will  be  a  tough  propo¬ 
sition  to  overcome  the  poverty  of  the  soil  and  bring 
into  his  life  the  comforts  and  conveniences  of  those 
that  own  rich  soil.  In  most  cases  it  is  a  mistake  to 
be  lured  into  the  purchase  of  land  by  sound  of  large 
acres.  A  less  number  of  acres  of  good  land  can  be 
made  to  bring  more  happiness  when  'scientifically 
farmed.  Much  land  needs  improvements  of  a  per¬ 
manent  character.  The  lack  of  these  make  it  sell 
cheap.  The  man  that  by  labor  can  add  these  may  find 
it  to  his  interest  to  buy  such  land  because  he  can  do 
the  necessary  labor  and  has  not  the  needed  capital. 

Many  tests  as  to  the  quality  of  land  are  now  in  use 
that  years  ago  were  not  thought  of,  things  that  be¬ 


long  with  the  land  and  show  its  quality  to  the  posted 
man.  The  kind  of  timber  growing  on  it,  the  weeds 
that  are  found,  the  variety,  vigor  and  abundance. 
When  these  are  in  abundance  it  points  to  strong,  rich 
land.  But  the  timber  does  not  always  tell  the  true 
story.  Too  wet  a  soil  often  grows  poor  timber.  Such 
land  properly  drained  very  often  makes  the  best  of 
farming  land.  It  is  the  question  with  the  purchaser 
which  is  the  most  desirable,  land  that  is  naturally 
drained  or  land  that  must  be  artificially  done. 

For  the  stock  grower  land  that  is  well  watered  has 
a  great  attraction.  Yet  other  land  that  has  an  under 
current  of  water  that  can  be  brought  to  the  surface  by 
artificial  means  may  be  most  desirable.  The  former 
on  account  of  waterways  may  be  very  expensive  to 
cultivate,  as  they  cause  ill-shaped  fields  and  of  incon¬ 
venient  size,  while  the  latter,  when  the  fields  are 
laid  out,  may  be  laid  out  in  such  a  way  as  to  be  most 
easily  cultivated. 

Often  the  purchaser,  on  account  of  lack  of  money, 
may  find  it  to  his  advantage  to  purchase  land  in  a  sec¬ 
tion  where  modern  improvements  are  lacking,  such  as 


good  roads,  railways,  telephone  and  rural  free  deliv¬ 
ery,  and  wait  a  few  years  for  these  things  to  come. 
But  he  must  have  the  judgment  not  to  place  himself 
in  a  location  where  old  age  will  overtake  him  before 
they  come. 

When  a  man  has  the  means  to  make  a  purchase  in 
a  desirable  location  he  should  avail  himself  of  this  op¬ 
portunity  unless  he  cares  nothing  for  the  happiness 
and  comfort  that  a  good  location  brings  with  it.  A 
good  and  prosperous  village  is  found,  in  the  main, 
surounded  by  good  land,  or  lands  that  are  made  valu¬ 
able  by  growing  fruits  or  some  special  desirable  crop. 
But  to  become  a  citizen  in  such  a  community  the  pur¬ 
chaser  must  pay  an  advanced  price  over  that  required 
where  these  things  are  unknown  and  seldom 
thought  of. 

It  is  a  wise  provision  in  the  make-up  of  mankind 
that  they  differ  in  their  tastes  and  desires.  These 
make  it  possible  for  all  lands  to  become  homes  for 
men.  A  desire  to  own  a  parcel  of  land  even  of  a 


small  area  for  a  home  is  a  commendable  one.  A 
home  located  in  a  community  where  the  holdings  are 
of  a  small  area  is  more,  or  can  be  made  more,  de¬ 
sirable  than  in  a  section  where  the  farms  are  large 
and  the  homes  far  apart.  These  large  farms  must  be 
worked  by  employed  labor,  and  it  cannot  be  expected 
that  these  laborers  will  care  as  much  for  the  improve¬ 
ment  and  culture  of  the  land  and  people  as  they  would 
if  they  were  owners  of  the  land  and  by  this  ownership 
made  permanent  citizens. 

If  a  would-be  purchaser  knows  nothing  of  the 
quality  of  land  by  personal  experience  he  should  go 
slow;  find  some  one  to  purchase  for  him  that  will 
treat  him  honestly  in  advice  and  purchase.  When  once 
a  desirable  community  is  found,  take  time  to  know 
the  people  and  the  land  before  making  a  purchase.  If 
it  is  desired  to  grow  staple  crops,  buy  land  that  can 
be  most  easily  used  for  that  purpose,  land  that  can 
be  laid  out  in  fields  of  desirable  size  and  shape.  If 
stock-growing  is  desired  in  connection  with  crop¬ 
growing,  often  pasture  lands  can  be  had  in  connection 
with  the  other  that  is  much  cheaper  because  it  is  hilly 

and  broken,  yet  well 
worth  its  cost. 

The  writer’s  farm  is 
all  tillable  and  is  used 
in  grain  and  stock  grow¬ 
ing,  but  could  be  used  to 
a  greater  advantage  if 
in  connection  there  was 
an  equal  acreage  of 
broken  and  hilly  land. 

JOHN  M.  JAMISON. 

From  Michigan. 

If  there  is  any  time 
when  a  person  needs  to 
(use  good  common  horse 
Isense  it  is  when  buying 
a  farm  for  a  home.  It 
is  certainly  difficult  to 
lay  down  a  set  of  rules 
as  a  guide  to  selecting  a 
(farm  that  would  not 
have  many  exceptions. 
The  variety  and  growth 
of  timber  may  be  a  good 
guide  and  again  may  be 
misleading.  Good, 

thrifty,  hard  maple  tim¬ 
ber  seldom  grows  on 
poor  soil  in  this  imme¬ 
diate  section,  but  in  some  parts  of  the  state  the  finest  ' 
kind  of  maple  timber  grows  on  very  poor  soil  with 
cold  quicksand  subsoil.  If  I  were  to  be  guided 
by  the  timber  growth  I  would  select  thrifty  hickory 
and  white  oak. 

It  is  generally  difficult  to  find  an  ideal  farm  that 
is  for  sale  at  a  reasonable  price,  but  many  farms  are 
for  sale  that  have  become  untidy  and  unproductive 
by  mismanagement  that  by  well-directed  care  could 
be  made  into  fine  farm  homes.  One  of  the  first 
things  to  consider  is  nearness  to  market  and  the  so¬ 
cial  side.  I  would  select  a  farm  on  a  somewhat  ele¬ 
vated  section  to  be  free  from  frosts,  rolling  enough 
for  natural  drainage,  but  not  steep  enough  to  wash, 
with  a  sandy  loam  soil  and  a  rich  clay  subsoil.  I 
should  want  to  see  crops  growing  and,  if  a  neglected 
farm,  to  know  it  would  produce  if  properly  handled. 
There  is  almost  always  some  good  farmer  in  any 
section  and  you  could  be  guided  by  his  results,  but 
not  always  by  what  neighbors  say. 


702 


It  is  a  good  plan  to  dig  down  several  feet  with  a 
spade  or  post-hole  digger.  Sometimes  soil  that  looks 
good  is  quite  unproductive  and  this  can  generally  be 
detected  by  the  growth  of  weeds  and  grass,  if  sour 
there  is'  likely  to  be  sorrel,  plantain,  bog  grass,  etc., 
besides  other  indications.  Some  farms  seem  to  sell 
well  that  are  covered  with  quack  grass,  and  other 
foul  stuff,  but  I  should  consider  it  a  serious  draw¬ 
back.  Some  sandy  .farms  are  very  productive,  and 
others  that  look  much  the  same  are.  practically  worth¬ 
less.  The  only  way  to  determine  which  are  good  is 
to  watch  a  growing  crop. 

It  is  well  to  know  something  of  the  soil  formation. 
Much  of  the  soil  in  this  A’icinity  is  a  morainic  deposit, 
and  changes  very  suddenly  from  good  to  almost 
worthless  land.  Because  one  farm  is  good  is  no  sign 
the  next  one  is,  especially  in  a  rolling  section. 

If  a  person  has  already  secured  a  farm  he  should 
study  it  carefully  and  raise  such  crops  as  are  adapted 
to  it.  If  he  has  not  purchased  he  should  study  him¬ 
self  to  find  out  for  what  he  is  best  adapted  and  then 
buy  a  farm  suitable  to  his  needs.  A  German  near 
here  bought  a  low,  swampy  farm,  not  well  drained, 
that  many  people  would  hardly  have  taken  as  a  gift. 
He  lowered  the  water  a  little  and  raised  onions  and 
celery  and  made  more  clear  money  than  any  of  his 
neighbors  on  their  good  farms.  J.  post. 

Kent  Co.,  Mich. 

Hunt  for  Limestone  Land. 

Perhaps  I  would  better  try  to  tell  how  to  select  a 
farm  in  Ohio  where  I  am  somewhat  acquainted  with 
the  conditions.  However  there  are  certain  general 
rules  that  apply  to  all  States.  It  goes  without  saying 
that  the  topography  lends  itself  to  suggestion  at  a 
glance,  and  if  the  buyer  wishes  pasture  lands,  rolling 
lands,  or  even  steep  hillsides  may  serve  his  purpose 
as  well  as  level  lands.  For  tilling  purposes  compara¬ 
tively  level  lands  are  better  for  a  variety  of  reasons. 

Then  the  question  of  drainage  arises.  A  farm  thor¬ 
oughly  tiled  should  be  worth  from  $15  to  $30  an  acre 
more  than  one  that  needs  tiling  and  is  wet.  It  costs 
us  here  in  Ohio  somewhere  around  those  figures  to 
tile  thoroughly.  Some  lands  could  not  be  tiled  at  all 
owing  to  the  outlet;  this  should  be  taken  note  of. 

But  what  the  buyer  wishes  to  know,  I  take  it,  is 
how  to  tell  fertile  land  from  poor  land,  and  what 
lands  may  easily  be  made  fertile  that  are  now  poor. 

I  would  wish  to  buy  if  possible  a  limestone  farm. 
When  my  father  came  to  Ohio  from  New  York  State 
he  could  have  likely  bought  a  farm  out  of  the  lime¬ 
stone  part  of  the  State  for  one-half  what  he  paid 
for  this  farm  or  even  less.  But  when  he  bought 
this  farm  he  bought  in  the  top  foot  of  soil  from 
two  to  five  per  cent  of  limestone  pebbles.  This  rep¬ 
resents  from  40  to  100  tons  of  pebbles  to  the  acre, 
and  had  he  bought  this  lime  in  its  cheapest  form 
from  the  nearest  point  it  would  have  cost  on  track 
here  $2.50  per  ton  or  from  $100  to  $150  an  acre,  be¬ 
side  the  cost  of  applying.  Of  course  he  bought  a 
farm  that  had  more  lime  than  he  needed,  but  the 
five  or  six  tons  to  the  acre  that  Joe  Wing  recom¬ 
mends  will  cost  something  by  the  time  it  has  been 
applied,  and  this  lime  we  should  have  if  we  are 
really  to  farm.  It  goes  with  the  clovers  and  the 
Alfalfa,  the  legumes  that  may  go  on  and  build  up 
our  soils  with  beneficent  bacteria.  It  goes  with  the 
Blue  grass.  Also  it  furnishes  the  bone  to  our  farm 
animals  that  makes  for  good  stock  as  against  scrubs 
when  not  furnished.  So  we  see  that  one  of  the 
fundamentals  is  lime. 

In  Ohio  our  soils  are  mostly  of  glacial  drift  forma¬ 
tion.  The  bedrock  at  Woodland  Farm  is  several 
hundred  feet  below  the  surface.  But  some  of  our 
clays  in  this  State  contain  limestone  pebbles,  others 
do  not  contain  them.  It  took  me  a  long  time  to 
learn  that  a  soil  might  be  formed  from  limestone  rock 
and  still  have  the  lime  all  leached  out  of  the  soil. 
It  puzzled  me  to  see  yellow  Alfalfa  in  Kentucky 
growing  on  such  soil.  Applications  of  bone  have  since 
proven  that  such  was  the  case,  as  when  Alfalfa  had 
turned  yellow  and  went  out  on  such  farms,  applica¬ 
tions  of  lime  restored  the  color  and  caused  the  Al¬ 
falfa  to  thrive.  Limestone  soils  are  sweet.  Soils 
deficient  are  likely  acid.  With  us  when  Blue  grass 
luxuriates  along  the  roadside  and  right  up  to  the 
trunks  of  the  trees  in  the  wood  pastures,  it  is  a  good 
sign.  Black  walnut,  Bur  oak  and  maple  grow  on  good 
soils.  Chestnut  trees  will  not  live,  I  think,  on  our 
farm.  Father  tried  many  times  to  start  them  and 
failed.  Chestnut  and  beech  and  the  conifers  would 
likely  be  found  on  thin  soils  in  New  York. 

Even  more  significant,  however,  would  be  the 
broom  sedge  of  northern  Ohio,  or  the  sorrel  of  New 
York,  or  moss  on  the  lands  of  either  State,  especially 
cleared  lands.  Crab  grass  thrives  on  acid  soils  in 
Ohio,  Kentucky  and  Virginia.  Heavy  applications  of 
lime  help  the  legumes  on  such  lands  and  hurt  the  crab 
grass.  As  to  the  mechanical  condition,  I  should  pre¬ 
fer  a  heavy  clay  to  a  soil  too  sandy  or  gravelly. 

When  the  right  man  buys  a  farm,  he  makes  it  his 
bank.  A  heavy  clay  soil  is  a  safe  bank  to  put  your 
fertility  in  and  its  clovers  add  fertility  so  that  you 
can  check  on  it  without  undue  effort. 

Ohio.  WILUS  o.  WING. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

FRUIT  TREES  WITH  CROWN  GALL. 

The  picture  shown  at  Fig.  251  is  from  a  photograph 
taken  from  peach  trees  sent  by  one  of  our  subscrib¬ 
ers.  This  man  bought  a  number  of  trees  from  a  well 
known  nurseryman.  The  trees  were  in  good  condi¬ 
tion  except  that  a  number  of  them  showed  warts  or 
galls  on  the  root  or  crown.  The  tree  shown  is  one 
of  the  worst  of  the  lot,  the  others  were  not  so  bad, 
but  perhaps  one-quarter  of  the  trees  showed  the 
disease  more  or  less.  These  warts  are  unquestionably 
the  disease  known  as  root  or  crown  gall.  We  have 
been  brought  up  to  believe  that  such  trees  should 
not  be  planted,  as  our  conviction  has  been  that  the 
disease  is  likely  to  spread  over  the  root  system  and 
kill  it  or  stunt  it  for  life.  This  opinion  has  been 
held  in  the  past  by  most  of  our  scientific  men  and  it 
appears  to  be  the  belief  of  most  planters.  We  think 
that  the  majority  of  successful  fruit  growers  reject 
such  trees  and  refuse  to  plant  them. 

Our  advice  to  this  subscriber  was  not  to  plant  the 
trees.  On  reporting  this  to  the  nurseryman  he  was 
informed  that  a  number  of  scientific  and  practical 
growers  have  claimed  that  such  trees  are  perfectly 
safe  to  plant.  It  appears  that  last  year  in  Massachu¬ 
setts  a  suit  was  brought  as  the  result  of  complaint  re¬ 
garding  root  gall.  In  this  case  the  man  who  bought 
the  trees  refused  to  pay  for  the  stock  on  the  ground 
that  it  was  badly  afflicted  with  crown  gall  and  root 


A  CASE  OF  CROWN  GALL.  Fig. 251. 


gall  so  as  to  be  worthless.  He  also  claimed  that  by 
planting  the  trees  as  he  did  the  soil  was  infected 
with  the  germs  of  the  disease  so  as  to  make  it  dan¬ 
gerous  for  planting  further  orchards.  The  case  came 
up  before  a  board  of  arbitration.  The  main  point 
was  whether  stock  affected  with  crown  gall  was 
worthless  or  whether  this  disease  was  harmful.  Con¬ 
siderable  evidence  was  given  on  both  sides  and  as  a 
result  of  it  the  arbitrators  decided  as  follows: 

We  find  some  evidence  that  the  stock  was  affected  with 
crown  gall  and  mot  gall,  though  it  is  difficult  to  judge 
of  the  extent  of  the  presence  of  these  diseases.  The  ex¬ 
pert  evidence  submitted,  however,  showed  such  a  wide  di¬ 
vergence  of  opinion  as  to  the  harmfuiness  of  these  diseases 
as  to  render  it  an  open  question  as  to  just  what  the  effect 
of  their  presence  was  on  nursery  stock.  We  find  therefore 
they  suffered  no  appreciable  damage  from  the  nursery 
stock  in  question  being  affected  with  crown  gall  or  root 
gall,  and  that  he  is  not  entitled  to  set  off  any  claim  of 
damage  on  this  ground. 

The  nurseryman  referred  to  thinks  that  this  shows 
that  root  gall  is  harmless  and  he  offers  a  large 
amount  of  testimony  to  show  that  trees  with  gall 
and  also  bush  fruits  showing  the  same  disease  have 
lived  for  years,  giving  good  crops,  and  without  show¬ 
ing  any  perceptible  increase  in  the  size  of  the  galls 
or  any  weakening  of  the  tree.  We  do  not  think  the 
decision  in  this  local  case  proved  anything  in  par¬ 
ticular  except  that  the  parties  who  made  the  claim 
were  not  able  by  their  witnesses  to  sustain  it.  We 
do  not  see  that  it  proves  crown  gall  or  root  gall  will 
always  be  harmless.  There  can  be  no  question  but 
that  in  some  cases  these  galls  have  grown  so  rapidly 
that  they  have  ruined  the  trees  and  we  feel  that 


June  24, 

whenever  a  diseased  tree  is  put  into  the  ground  the 
planter  runs  the  danger  of  losing  that  tree,  there¬ 
fore  we  still  advise  our  readers  not  to  plant  trees 
with  galls  on  the  roots.  At  the  same  time  we 
recognize  the  fact  that  some  of  these  galls  would 
very  likely  be  harmless  and  we  would  not  hold  a 
nurseryman  guilty  of  any  attempt  to  deceive  who  sold 
such  trees  fully  believing  that  they  were  all  right. 
We  would,  however,  prefer  to  be  on  the  safe  side  and 
we  would  reject  them.  At  the  same  time  this  matter 
ought  to  be  thoroughly  thrashed  out  as  we  have  no 
desire  to  do  any  injustice  to  the  nurserymen.  We 
shall  be  glad  to  have  the  experience  of  practical  men 
and  the  result  of  scientific  research,  but  from  our 
present  knowledge  we  repeat  that  our  advice  is  to  re¬ 
ject  the  galled  trees. 


PLOWING  UNDER  PEA  VINES. 

We  have  urged  farmers  to  grow  Canada  field  peas.  We 
cut  and  feed  the  vines  and  plow  under  the  stubble,  but 
in  some  cases  it  seems  better  to  plow  the  entire  growth 
under.  How  can  this  be  done  without  clogging  and  lifting 
the  plow  out?  Roiling  the  vines  and  using  a  rolling 
coulter  help. 

I  have  never  tried  to  turn  under  a  crop  of  Canada 
peas,  but  two  years  ago  we  plowed  under  a  large 
growth  of  Telephone  pea  vines  after  harvesting  the 
crop.  It  was  a  hard  job  to  get  them  under  in  very 
good  shape,  and  I  do  not  think  it  will  be  possible  to 
plow  under  the  vines  and  get  a  smooth  job  of  plow¬ 
ing,  but  the  value  of  the  crop  will  well  compensate 
for  the  extra  work  of  fitting.  If  my  land  was  en¬ 
tirely  free  from  stones,  so  a  rolling  coulter  could  be 
used,  I  should  use  one,  and  I  should  expect  to  get  a 
fair  result.  If  that  cannot  be  done  I  think  the  wise 
thing  to  do  would  be  to  roll  them  down  and  cut  them 
up  thoroughly  with  a  disk  harrow.  There  will  be 
some  difficulty  with  which  to  contend,  but  as  I  said 
before,  a  crop  of  pea  vines  will  pay  richly  for  the 
work  of  getting  them  under. 

I  am  much  interested  in  the  vetch  discussion.  I 
grew  some  a  few  years  ago,  but  got  out  of  it  be¬ 
cause  it  was  hard  to  get  seed.  I  think  I  made  a  mis¬ 
take.  I  have  had  it  come  up  on  the  ground  where  we 
grew  it  from  that  time  until  this,  which  must  be  15 
years.  It  comes  on  and  makes  a  large  growth  for  the 
time  it  is  growing.  I  want  to  try  sowing  in  corn  at 
the  last  working  and  also  in  cucumbers.  I  had  some 
several  years  ago  come  up  in  a  field  of  squash.  We 
took  pains  not  to  hoe  it  up  when  hoeing,  and  it  did 
no  harm  to  the  squash,  because  it  was  kept  back  by 
the  more  powerful  growing  plant,  but  after  the  squash 
vines  were  nipped  by  the  frost  the  vetch  had  its 
inning,  and  the  first  of  December  there  were  some 
very  large  plants.  One  I  know  made  a  perfect  mat 
over  a  space  six  feet  across.  It  froze  back  in  the 
Winter,  but  the  crowns  were  not  hurt,  and  in  the 
Spring  it  made  a  fine  growth  again.  I  think  there  is 
no  trouble  to  grow  the  seed.  We  had  six  acres  one 
year  with  rye.  It  was  very  large,  and  it  was  quite  a 
chore  to  cut  it  with  a  binder,  because  it  hung  together 
so  badly,  but  we  got  it  done,  and  we  were  foolish 
enough  to  have  the  grain  ground  and  fed  it  to  our 
cows.  It  was  great  feed.  c.  R.  white. 

Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y. 

I  have  plowed  under  several  heavy  crops  of 
Canada  peas,  and  have  never  had  any  difficulty.  My 
plan  is,  if  they  are  heavy  and  tangled,  to  precede  the 
plow  with  the  roller,  rolling  in  lands,  so  that  the  peas 
will  lie  from  the  plow.  We  have  not  found  it  neces¬ 
sary  to  use  a  rolling  coulter,  as  an  ordinary  jointer 
is  sufficient.  When  the  peas  were  not  extra  heavy, 
all  I  have  found  necessary  to  do  is  to  fasten  a  heavy 
chain  from  the  plow  beam  to  the  evener,  at  a  point  a 
little  beyond  the  outside  of  the  furrow,  letting  the 
chain  hang  slack.  There  is  a  little  danger  of  plowing 
under  a  heavy  crop  of  green  matter  early  in  the  sea¬ 
son,  to  which  it  will  do  well  to  take  heed.  First, 
such  a  crop  has  pumped  a  lot  of  water  from  the 
ground,  which  is  likely  to  be  needed.  Second,  there 
is  apt  to  be  a  fermentation,  and  consequent  soil  acidity. 
Third,  the  mass  of  green  material  will  form  a  mat 
between  the  subsoil  and  the  bottom  of  the  furrow, 
completely  cutting  off  the  moisture  from  below.  Thus 
while  much  vegetable  matter  is  obtained,  the  injury 
is  greater  than  the  benefit,  if  one  wishes  to  grow  a 
crop  immediately  after  turning  under  his  green  ma¬ 
terial.  One  would  better  sacrifice  somewhat  of  bulk, 
rather  than  .obtain  the  above  injuries.  This  does  not 
apply  to  peas  or  any  other  crop  turned  under  in  the 
Fall.  Following  the  plow  with  the  roller,  after  turning 
under  green  matter  at  a  dry  time,  is  always  wise.  Fur¬ 
ther,  if  one  has  stock  of  any  kind,  the  pea  is  so 
valuable  for  forage  that  it  is  usually  more  economical 
to  cut  it  for  feed,  and  get  the  fertility  from  the  roots 
and  stubble,  and  the  manure  from  the  animals  fed 
on  it.  edw’d  van  alstyne. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL)  NEW-YORKER 


703 


THE  CURSED  CUTWORM. 

A  most  serviceable  article  for  this  part  of  the  country 
would  be  an  exhaustive  statement  (by  some  one  who 
knows)  about  the  cutworm,  his  life  history  and  how  to  get 
rid  of  him.  They  have  been  the  worst  ever  this  year. 
Their  activities  took  nearly  all  of  my  early  beets.  They 
cleaned  the  ground  of  lettuce  in  some  places,  and  if  I  had 
not  dug  at  them  industriously  they  would  probably  have 
taken  it  all.  During  the  past  10  days  about  one-quarter 
of  my  asparagus  has  been  bitten,  and  carrots,  tomatoes, 
spinach,  cucumbers,  etc.,  have  been  hard  dealt  with.  I 
have  not  dared  to  put  out  peppers,  cabbage,  celery,  etc., 
for  fear  much  of  it  would  be  destroyed.  For  several  things 
I  have  considered  winding  with  paper  as  a  preventive, 
but  now  they  can  climb.  IIow  shall  we  get  rid  of  them 
and  not  have  a  perpetual  fight?  f.  t.  j. 

Rhode  Island. 

Was  Job  any  more  sorely  afflicted  than  is  the 
market  gardner  who  is  troubled  with  a  scourge  of 
cutworms?  Having  been  a  tiller  of  the  soil  all  my 
life,  I  well  remember  in  my  boyhood  days  my  father 
compelling  me  to  get  out  of  bed  at  early  dawn  and 
go  with  him  to  the  field  where  the  young  cantaloupe 
plants,  cucumbers,  squashes,  tomatoes  or  any  other 
crop  was  being  rapidly  destroyed  by  cutworm  depre¬ 
dations.  There,  hour  by  hour,  we  searched  through 
first  layers  of  soil  around  each  plant  for  these  pests. 
This  was  done  each  morning  until  the  sun  became 
warm  and  drove  the  insects  deep  into  the  soil  where 
it  was  hard  to  find  them.  This  appeared  to  be  the 
only  way  in  which  the  grower  could  help  himself. 

We  often  noticed  that  certain  fields  were  troubled 
with  this  pest  much  more  thanr  others,  and  where 
they  would  be  most  plentiful  one  season,  there  would 
be  very  few  the  next.  This  led  to  many  conjectures 
as  to  where  the  worms  came  from,  some  said  it  was 
the  corn  worm,  and  various  other  explanations  were 
advanced.  Some  went  so  far  as  to  claim  certain  crops 
bred  them,  but  all  the  while  it  was  rise  at  dawn  and 
search  the  soil  for  the  marauders.  Some  one  said 
Fall  plowing  would  kill  them,  another  said  a  heavy 
dressing  with  gas  lime  would  destroy  them.  Both  of 
these  proved  to  be  fallacies  when  fully  tried  out,  and 
yet  I  know  farmers  who  are  practicing  Fall  plowing 
to  rid  their  fields  of  cutworms,  believing  they  are 
accomplishing  much  good.  There  is  no  doubt  but 
that  many  worms  are  destroyed,  but  far  from  a  per¬ 
fect  job  is  accomplished.  Enough  are  left  to  do 
much  if  not  total  damage.  From  where  I  sit  and 
write  I  have  a  field  set  with  early  tomatoes.  A  strip 
through  that  field  was  an  old  raspberry  patch  cut  off 
last  Fall,  canes  burned,  and  plowed  in 
early  November.  Cutworms  were  many 
times  worse  on  this  Fall  plowed  portion 
than  on  any  other  part  of  the  field,  and 
no  other'  port  of  the  field  was  plowed 
till  Spring.  This,  at  least,  throws  a  wet 
blanket  on  the  plowing  proposition. 

Then  what  do  you  do  still,  rise  at 
peep  o’  day  and  search  for  the  pests? 

Why  bless  you,  no.  Thanks  to  the 
many  sciences  that  go  to  make  up  suc¬ 
cessful  agriculture,  our  entomologist 
undertook  the  study  of  the  life  cycle  of 
this  insect,  and  soon  had  a  remedy  for 
the  farmer.  Many  seem  to  think  that 
the  so-called  cutworm  lives  and  breeds 
as  found  at  its  work,  but  this  is  not 
true.  The  mature  insect  is  a  moth  or 
winged  insect,  that  appears  about  mid¬ 
summer  or  a  little  later.  These  millers 
are  of  several  species,  but  the  life  cycle 
is  about  the  same  in  all,  the  remedial 
measures  the  same  throughout.  The 
moth  is  dark  colored,  and  a  night-flyer. 

It  is  often  seen  around  the  light  during 
the  evening,  and  if  caught  has  a  floury 
substance  on  its  wings.  This  insect  lays 
its  eggs  on  grasses  and  weeds,  and  the 
larvae  hatch  from  late  July  till  early 
September.  They  feed  and  grow  very 
slowly  for  a  time,  arriving  by  cold 
weather  at  one  inch  or  less  in  length. 

.At  the  approach  of  cold  weather  they 
burrow  deeper  into  the  soil,  spin  a  very 
thin  cocoon  around  themselves,  and 
there  spend  the  Winter.  At  the  first 
approach  of  Spring  they  come  to  the 
surface  ready  to  destroy  anything  eatable.  Left  to 
their  own  will  and  pleasure,  they  remain  a  “bone  of 
contention,”  eating  almost  any  vegetation  till  June, 
when  they  become  full  grown  and  are  nearly  two 
inches  in  length.  At  this  stage  they  burrow  under 
ground,  make  a  cell  and  remain  there  about  a  month, 
when  they  again  appear  as  winged  insects  ready  to 
deposit  another  crop  of  eggs  to  grow  more  cutworms 
to  bother  the  farmer’s  life  still  farther.  This  is  the 
life  cycle  of  this  obnoxious  pest. 

This  moth  has  a  preference,  too,  as  to  what  kind 


of  vegetation  she  lays  her  eggs  on,  grasses  and  any 
of  the  clovers  being  among  her  first  selections,  while 
rye  is  avoided  entirely  in  some  cases.  Rarely  do  we 
find  very  large  quantities  of  worms  where  rye  was 
sown  early,  while  clover,  Crimson,  Red  or  Alsike,  is 
almost  invariably  alive  with  the  pests.  This  would 
seem  to  say  the  grower  of  vegetables  must  not  sow 
any  of  the  clovers  as  a  cover  crop  for  fear  of  a 
scourge  of  worms,  but  the  clovers  do  us  much 
more  good  than  the  worms  do  harm,  provided  we 
apply  the  remedy.  And  what  is  that? 

The  formula  sent  out  by  various  entomologists  was 
50  pounds  wheat  bran,  one  pound  Paris  green,  and 


A  GOOD  START  FOR  BOSSY.  Fig.  £52 

about  three  pounds  powdered  sugar,  or  one  quart 
molasses.  Th.e  green  and  bran  are  mixed  dry  and 
then  wetted  and  made  into  a  stiff  mash,  with  the 
sugar  or  molasses  added  at  time  of  wetting.  This 
has  been  modified.  To-day  we  are  simply  using  wheat 
bran  and  Paris  green,  mixed  thoroughly,  and  applied 
dry.  There  are  two  things  to  be  remembered  in  using 
this  compound ;  it  will  kill  poultry  or  anything  else 
that  eats  it,  and  if  applied  too  heavily  on  young  suc¬ 
culent  vegetation  it  will  kill  that  too.  Hence,  keep 
poultry  away,  and  apply  not  on  the  plants  or  against 
them  ;  the  worms  prefer  this  mixture  to  vegetation. 


A  year  ago  the  writer  had  his  asparagus  fields 
literally  alive  with  these  worms.  I  personally  dug 
out  124  worms  around  one  asparagus  crown.  I  im¬ 
mediately  stirred  the  soil  and  applied  the  above 
formula,  killing  millions  and  saving  my  “grass  crop,” 
but  I  soon  heard  a  noise  that  smacked  of  a  storm 
approaching  in  the  shape  of  a  lawsuit  or  rather  an 
indictment  claiming  I  was  placing  poison  in  the  way 
of  our  song  birds,  but  this  failed  because  there  is  no 
law  in  New  Jersey  prohibiting  the  use  of  this  mix¬ 
ture.  The  most  successful  way  to  use  the  above 


formula  is  to  apply  it  ahead  of  the  plants  appearing. 
The  worms  are  very  hungry  when  they  first  become 
active.  Now  we  plow  under  all  vegetation  that  de¬ 
prives  them  of  their  living,  then  we  plant  the  crop, 
and  they  are  so  starved  they  soon  clean  it  up  when  it 
appears.  Now  if  we  will  apply  this  mixture  before 
the  crop  appears,  the  worms  being  hungry  and  fond 
of  the  bait,  they  eat  and  are  finished.  A  year  ago  I 
did  this  on  my  muskmelon  field  that  was  known  to 
be  much  infested  with  worms,  but  when  the  plants 
came  through  I  failed  to  find  the  first  hill  that  was 
destroyed  by  cutworms.  Another  point  in  favor  of 
this  remedy  is,  if  applied  lightly  on  corn  hills,  crows 
or  red-winged  blackbirds  will  not  dig  out  or  pull  up 
the  corn.  The  bran  and  Paris  green  remedy  is  a  boon 
to  the  vegetable  grower;  it  is  easy  to  obtain,  but  little 
trouble  to  mix  and  apply;  50  to  100  pounds  of  the 
mixture  will  suffice  for  an  acre  according  to  the  close¬ 
ness  of  the  plants.  The  writer  uses  it  on  all  truck 
and  vegetable  crops  with  absolute  success. 

Monmouth  Co.,  N.  J.  c.  c,  hulsart. 

SHEEP  AS  WEED  KILLERS. 

Anyone  who  has  pastured  sheep  stoutly  maintains 
that  they  are  excellent  weed  exterminators.  In  the 
picture,  Fig.  254,  is  shown  a  field  of  Sapling  or  Mam¬ 
moth  clover.  In  May  this  field  was  divided  by  a 
temporary  wire  fence  as  shown  near  the  middle  of 
picture,  and  the  part  on  the  right  pastured  for  six 
weeks.  About  July  1  the  sheep  were  taken  off  and 
the  clover  allowed  to  grow.  The  picture  was  taken 
August  1,  and  shows  the  pastured  part  almost  free  of 
weeds,  while  the  unpastured  portion  is  almost  white 
with  white  top.  The  clover  was  practically  as  thick 
on  one  side  as  the  other  and  was  about  waist  high, 
though  it  had  been  blown  down  by  a  rain  storm.  The 
pastured  part  had  not  been  overstocked  with  sheep, 
so  the  clover  was  not  injured  much,  but  the  weeds 
were  given  a  serious  setback,  and  but  few  small  ones 
were  to  be  seen.  Fig.  253  shows  the  sheep  that  were 
pastured  on  this  field.  They  are  grade  Merinos  and 
Shropshires  and  are  owned  by  Evans  &  Bayham,  of 
Highland  County,  Ohio.  It  is  intended  to  cut  the 
pastured  clover  for  seed  and  a  good  yield  seems  as¬ 
sured.  w.  E.  DUCKWAIA. 

VARIOUS  NOTES. 

At  the  North  at  the  present  time  is  little  more  than 
general  interest  in  the  future  of  the  Panama  Canal. 

All  over  the  South,  however,  people  are 
discussing  the  probable  effect  of  the 
completed  canal  on  the  future  history 
of  this  country.  There  is  a  general  con¬ 
viction  that  the  lower  Mississippi  Val¬ 
ley  will  be  greatly  helped  when  com¬ 
merce  begins  to  flow  through  Panama. 
New  waterways  from  the  coal  and  iron 
mines  around  Birmingham,  Ala.,  are 
being  considered.  It  is  expected  that 
such  cities  as  Galveston,  New  Orleans 
and  Mobile  will  receive  a  boom,  and 
many  believe  that  Memphis  will  become 
a  great  distributing  center.  It  does  not 
seem  to  us  likely  that  the  local  benefits 
will  be  as  great  as  the  Southern  people 
anticipate.  The  canal  will  undoubtedly 
do  much  to  change  the  course  of  ocean 
commerce.  Many  ships  which  now  sail 
around  the  continent  to  northern  ports 
will  cut  through  the  canal,  pass  up  the 
Mississippi  and  Ohio,  and  transfer  their 
cargoes  to  be  carried  over  railroads  or 
new  waterways.  It  is  hard  to  see  just 
what  local  benefit  the  South  will  obtain, 
except  in  a  few  cities  on  the  coast  or 
along  the  Mississippi,  or  in  manufactur¬ 
ing  places  like  Birmingham.  At  the 
same  time  the  expectation  of  benefit  and 
the  preparation  for  it  is  one  of  the  best 
influences  which  can  come  to  Southern 
farming.  Just  such  hope  and  looking 
ahead  are  what  the  South  needs  to  give 
spirit  to  agriculture.  Without  that, 
farming  cannot  be  improved. 


We  reported  a  case  in  Highland 

Co.,  Ohio,  where  a  manufacturer  sued  to  recover  the 
price  of  seed  drills.  These  drills  were  not  satisfactory 
and  were  a  Iqss  to  the  dealer  since  he  could  not  sell 
them.  This  dealer  had  signed  a  contract,  but  an 
agent  had  given  a  verbal  guarantee  not  in  the  signed 
agreement.  The  court  held  the  dealer  to  the  printed 
contract  and  ordered  him  to  pay.  The  circuit  court 
has  since  sustained  this  judgment.  The  dealer  must 
pay  for  a  lot  of  drills  which  are  defective  or  useless ! 
The  chances  are  that  the  courts  will  hold  you  strictly 
to  a  signed  agreement  of  this  sort.  These  contracts 
are  drawn  by  skilled  lawyers  who  leave  no  loopholes. 
About  the  only  way  to  get  rid  of  trouble  is  to  refuse 
to  sign  the  other  fellow’s  contract  or  agreement. 


A  FLOCK  OF  SHEEP  WEED  CLEANERS.  Fin.  253. 


THE  RESULT  OF  PASTURING  SHEEP.  Fig.  254. 


704 


M.'HiC  RUFJLA.Iv  new-vorker 


June  24, 


FARMERS*  CLUB 

[  Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
name  and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure 
attention.  Before  asking  a  question,  please  see 
whether  it  is  not  answered  in  our  advertising 
columns.  Ask  only  a  few  questions  at  one  time. 
Pat  questions  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper.] 


Late  Setting  Strawberries. 

Is  it  too  late  to  set  out  a  family  straw¬ 
berry  patch?  Can  I  set  it  out  in  Fall  to 
bear  next  year?  Vicinity  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

A.  H.  N. 

It  is  too  late  now  to  set  out  layer  plants 
though  we  have  done  it.  We  should  now 
wait  until  late  July  and  set  potted  plants. 
They  will  give  only  a  few  berries  next  year, 
but  the  following  season  will  give  a  full 
crop. 

Chestnut  Leaves  and  Stock. 

I  have  sold  some  chgstnut  trees  which 
have  been  cut  and  the  tops  and  leaves  lay 
on  the  ground.  I  wish  to  pasture  this 
ground  with  horses.  Will  the  wilted  chest¬ 
nut  leaves  injure  the  horses  or  cows  if  pas¬ 
tured  when  they  could  eat  the  leaves. 

New  York.  f.  j.  g. 

Our  stock  has  eaten  wilted  chestnut 
leaves  without  any  injury  to  them.  I)o  not 
let  stock  eat  wilted  leaves  of  peach  or  wild 
cherry.  This  will  mean  death  if  the  ani¬ 
mals  eat  their  fill.  Such  foliage  develops 
a  poison  on  wilting. 

Killing  Burdock. 

_  Can  any  readers  tell  me  what  is  good  for 
killing  burdock?  The  ■weed  grows  very 
thick  between  and  around  the  buildings 
where  it  is  impossible  to  cultivate.  I  have 
tried  putting  salt  and  also  kerosene  on  the 
roots,  but  find  that  it  does  not  kill  the 
weed.  a.  G.  A. 

Michigan. 

On  our  own  farm  we  cut  the  plants  off 
about  two  inches  below  ground  by  driving 
a  sharp  spade  through  them.  This  clears 
them  out  but  constant  work  is  required  as 
the  soil  is  full  of  seeds  and  young  plants. 

Sprouts  on  Peach  Trees. 

I  set  out  about  two  acres  of  peach  trees 
this  Spring.  Quite  a  number  are  sprouting 
out  all  the  way  up  the  stem,  making  a 
shrub.  Have  been  advised  by  some  farmers 
not  to  touch  them  until  next  Spring.  What 
do  you  say?  a.  h.  n. 

New  York. 

If  the  season  were  dry  we  should  rub 
these  sprouts  off  up  to  where  the  head  was 
to  be  started.  That  would  relieve  the  tree 
somewhat  and  the  upper  limbs  would  make 
more  growth.  In  a  wet  season  with  no  dan¬ 
ger  from  lack  of  moisture  we  should  let  the 
tree  alone  and  in  the  Fall  head  back  and 
cut  away  the  lower  limbs  as  desired. 

Alfalfa  on  Long  Island. 

I  have  been  preparing  my  land,  sowing 
Canada  peas  and  oats  with  the  idea  of  turn¬ 
ing  the  crop  under  and  sowing  Alfalfa  in 
August  or  September.  But  I  see  that  “The 
Agronomist,”  a  Long  Island  publication, 
strongly  urges  sowing  Alfalfa  in  the  Spring 
and  not  in  the  Fall  on  Long  Island,  the 
contention  being  that  owing  to  the  change¬ 
ableness  of  the  Winter  climate  on  the 
Island,  the  soil  “heaves,”  and  this  kills  the 
young  Alfalfa.  The  Agronomist  gives  no  in¬ 
stance  to  support  the  statement.  Can  any 
of  your  readers  on  Long  Island  who  have 
Alfalfa  give  me  their  opinion  or  experience 
in  this  matter?  F.  L. 

This  is  referred  to  our  Long  Island  read¬ 
ers.  Our  own  preference  is  August  seeding 
and  most  farmers  along  the  Atlantic  Coast 
seem  to  agx-ee  with  that  plan.  There  may 
be  local  conditions  on  Long  Island  which 
make  Spring  seeding  preferable. 

Succession  of  Onions. 

Among  the  crops  that  come  marching  up 
the  world  with  the  season  is  our  strong 
friend  the  onion.  The  Egyptian  onion  prob¬ 
ably  comes  into  the  market  first.  This 
onion  is  hard  and  a  good  shipper.  It  be¬ 
gins  to  be  exported  about  the  first  of  March 
and  Egypt  supplies  the  markets  of  the 
world  with  fresh  onions  until  Spain  fol¬ 
lows.  Then  comes  Texas  and  Florida  with 
the  onion  crop.  The  Egyptian  onion  is  not 
only  early,  but  of  peculiar  quality  so  that 
it  commands  a  big  price.  This  last  season 
Egypt  produced  over  two  million  bags  of 
onions  of  110  pounds  each.  In  Alexandria 
the  price  was  about  70  cents  per  hundred 
pounds.  The  greater  part  of  the  crop 
went  to  England,  although  about  75.000 
bags  were  shipped  to  this  country.  At  the 
height  of  the  season  Texas  onions  are 
shipped  across  water  to  Egypt,  so  that  we 
may  understand  how  all  growers  of  the 
world  are  now  contributing  to  feed  the 
people. 

Maple  Worms. 

Several  people  have  written  about  green 
worms  which  appeared  in  large  numbers 
Upon  maple  trees.  They  were  referred  to 
Prof.  Herrick,  who  says : 

We  have  had  reports  from  other  locali¬ 
ties  concerning  these  maple  worms,  and  I 
have  received  a  few  of  the  actual  culprits. 
They  are  the  striped  maple  worms  that  also 
'occasionally  work  on  fruit  trees  and  are 
very  injurious  to  apples,  eating  into  the 
sides  of  the  fruit.  1  found  these  larvae  in 
I  great  numbers  at  Marion,  Wayne  County, 

1  last  year,  and  warned  the  apple  growers 
that-  the  larvae  might  appear  this  year  in 
great  numbers.  If  they  begin  to  work  on 
the  apple  we  shall  hear  much  more  about 
them.  Fortunately  they  are  now  nearly 
full  grown  and  seem  to  have  confined  them¬ 
selves  mainly  to  forest  trees.  The  worms 
are  attacked  by  several  parasites  that  will 
probably  hold  them  in  check.  These  larvae 
are  one  of  the  kinds  that  have  their  “ups” 
one  year  and  then  are  “down”  for  several 
years.  The  chances  are  they  will  not  be 
very  troublesome  next  year,  although  it  is 
unsafe  to  make  a  prediction.  They  could 
have  been  poisoned  by  spraying  early,  be¬ 
fore  they  became  so  large,  with  arsenate  of 
lead,  three  pounds  to  50  gallons.  Small 
trees  may  be  protected  by  jarring  them, 
when  the  caterpillars  will  fall.  Then  the 
trunk  should  be  banded  with  a  sticky  ma¬ 
terial  to  prevent  the  caterpillars  ascending. 

g.  w.  HERRICK. 


Destroying  Thistles.— By  cutting  off 
at  the  surface  of  the  ground  and  applying 
kerosene  oil  freely  to  Canada  thistles,  would 
It  thoroughly  destroy  them?  N.  s. 

I  Elkhart,  Ind. 


CROP  PROSPECTS. 

Iowa  Notes. 

For  over  30  years  we  ran  this  farm  as  a 
butter  and  live  meat  factory,  but  age  be¬ 
gan  to  tell  on  one  of  the  principal  opera¬ 
tors  and  the  butter  part  was  given  up 
about  six  years  ago ;  quite  a  per  cent  of 
the  strenuosity  is  eliminated,  with  results 
quite  as  satisfactory.  Our  last  year’s  meat 
crop  was  a  little  over  38  tons  on  foot,  all 
home-grown  except  about  one-half  of  the 
grain  fed  (4,000  bushels),  which  was  bought 
from  neighbors ;  no  purchased  stock.  The 
advantage  of  our  present  kind  of  farming  is 
in  shortening  the  day’s  work,  but  a  steady 
job  the  year  around  the  same  as  before. 
We  (that  means  two  boys  and  myself) 
farm  100  acres,  grow  corn,  oats  and  hay. 
The  work  now  is  plowing  the  corn,  about 
50  acres,  with  a  prospect  of  making  a  good 
crop.  Oats  are  heading  out  with  short 
straw.  Hay  will  be  light.  We  had  our 
first  mess  of  green  peas  and  new  potatoes 
June  6.  Strawberries  commenced  coming 
on  the  table  May  29,  and  the  amount  eaten 
would  bankrupt  the  firm,  wife  says,  if  we 
had  to  buy  them.  More  rain  is  needed 
for  the  later  ones.  All  fruit  we  grow  here 
will  be  plentiful  except  plums.  Early 
cherries  are  ripe,  and  lots  of  them.  A  little 
incident  happened  to-day  out  of  the  or¬ 
dinary.  The  road  boss  telephoned  that  yes¬ 
terday  he  completed  a  cement  culvert ;  this 
morning  he  went  after  the  form  which  had 
been  left  until  the  cement  hardened.  He 
found  a  swarm  of  bees  had  taken  possession 
and  objected  to  any  interference.  I,  with 
one  of  the  boys,  took  a  hive,  which  the 
bees  accepted  as  a  home,  in  the  place  of 
the  culvert.  We  delivered  the  form  to  the 
road  boss,  for  which  he  was  duly  grateful, 
and  we  have  the  bees  for  our  trouble.  But 
it  is  hot;  the  Government  thermometer  lo¬ 
cated  here  is  registering  99  degrees. 

Corning,  Iowa.  J.  S. 

Ohio  Fruit  Prospects. 

The  setting  of  apples  in  southeastern 
Ohio,  where  the  writer  is  engaged  in  field 
work  for  the  Ohio  Station,  lacks  uniformity. 
As  a  rule  there  is  a  generous  crop  in  sight 
where  the  soil  is  reasonably  fertile,  but 
upon  the  thin  uplands  the  trees  (especially 
of  Rome  Beauty)  failed  to  blossom  well  and 
many  of  the  blossoms  failed  to  set  fruit. 
Ben  Davis  under  similar  conditions  set 
much  more  freely.  Where  the  trees  oc¬ 
cupy  good  soil  even  Rome  Beauty  is  heavily 
laden,  and  will  need  thinning.  The  third 
successive  crop  of  Rome  Beauty  is  a  heavy 
one  in  one  large  orchard  in  the  Ohio  Val¬ 
ley.  Other  smaller  orchards  under  similar 
conditions  are  equally  promising.  Rome 
Beauty  trees  well  fertilized  and  mulched  or 
cultivated— even  upon  the  poor,  thin  slopes 
—are  full  of  fine  fruit  and  will  have  to  be 
thinned  or  propped  to  save  the  trees  from 
breaking.  The  greatest  problem  in  apple 
orcharding  in  southern  Ohio  is  that  of  re¬ 
storing  a  sufficient  amount  of  fertility  to 
the  badly  worn  soil.  The  severe  drought 
in  many  sections  of  Ohio  is  rendering  the 
growth  of  all  crops  very  discouraging.  Local 
showers  have  relieved  the  situation  tem¬ 
porarily  in  small  areas,  but  the  State  as  a 
whole  is  in  the  throes  of  one  of  the  most 
disastrous  dry  periods  occurring  in  a  long 
time.  At  the  writer's  own  home  in  central 
Ohio  a  lack  of  uniformity  in  setting  of 
apples  is  also  apparent.  Jonathan.  Rome 
Beauty  and  Ben  Davis  are  full,  while  York 
Imperial,  which  bloomed  profusely,  set  very 
few  apples.  All  varieties  of  plums  which 
are  planted  at  the  same  place  are  bearing 
well  this  season.  Kieffer  pears  were  killed 
in  March.  Small  fruits  are  suffering  ex¬ 
tremely  from  dry  weather.  Potatoes  will 
be  a  failure  if  rain  does  not  come  soon. 

F.  H.  BAI.LOU. 

Farming  in  Mexico. 

Everything  in  an  agricultural  way  here  in 
Mexico  this  year  will  be  greatly  retarded, 
and  in  some  cases  entirely  ignored,  on  ac¬ 
count  of  so  many  of  the  ranches  being  de¬ 
nuded  of  the  workmen  who  usually  are 
peacefully  following  their  pursuits,  having 
joined  the  ranks  of  the  revolutionary  party. 
We  are  now  (June  4|  planting  corn  and 
this  will  be  continued  through  this 
month,  followed  by  beans.  We  do 
our  own  farming  here  on  shares.  That 
is,  the  owner  of  the  land  furnishes 
mules  or  horses,  oxen,  plows  and  other  im¬ 
plements,  all  seed  (corn,  beans,  etc. ),  and 
the  peons  or  renters  furnish  their  labor. 
During  the  growing  season  we  advance  to 
each  man  at  the  rate  of  from  50  to  60 
pesos,  $25  to  $30  IT.  S.  value,  for  each 
team  used.  This  is  in  some  cases  paid  in 
goods  or  in  cash  as  per  agreement.  At  the 
end  of  the  season  the  crop  is  gathered  and 
placed  all  in  one  pile  and  then  an  equal 
division  is  made  of  same,  one-half  for 
owner,  the  other  half  for  renter.  Of  the 
amount  advanced  him  during  the  season  he 
pays  on  receiving  his  half  either  in  cash 
or  ’ in  an  amount  of  the  crop  at  current 
crop  prices.  Also  the  owner  has  the  option 
of  purchase  of  the  half  of  the  renter’s  in 
case  he  cares  to  purchase,  otherwise  the 
renter  takes  his  share  and  disposes  as  he 
sees  fit.  Farm  hands  (peons)  receive  here 
usually  50  cents  Mexican  currency  per  day, 
when  working  on  salary.  e.  o.  m. 

Parral,  Mexico. 


Extra  warm  here  this  Spring,  98  in  the 
shade  last  Sunday  and  96  to-day,  but  have 
had  rains  and  crops  are  looking  well.  Gut 
three  acres  of  Alfalfa  to-day.  L.  c.  b. 

Indiana. 

Apple  trees  blossomed  well  and  set  more 
fruit  than  they  could  possibly  carry.  The 
June  drop  has  been  heavy,  but  I  think  the 
trees  will  hold  all  that  they  can  possibly 
bring  to  maturity.  Some  may  require  thin¬ 
ning.  Teaches  only  set  a  moderate  crop 
of  blossoms  and  mo.st  of  them  fell  off.  I 
do  not  expect  more  than  10  per  cent  of  a 
crop.  Pears  dropped  nearly  as  badly  as 
peaches,  and  with  the  exceptiou  of  Bartlett 
and  Seckel  will  be  a  short  crop.  Grapes 
were  attacked  by  a  new  bronze  (or  blue) 
beetle  that  ate  the  bunch  as  soon  as  it 
was  formed,  when  the  whole  bunch  was 
hardly  half  as  large  as  a  pea  ;  they  did  a 
great  deal  of  damage  in  a  very  short  time. 
Arsenate  of  lead  cleared  them  off  in  one 
day.  as  soon  as  we  discovered  them,  but  I 
think  the  crop  will  be  reduced  fully  one- 


fourth  on  account  of  their  work.  Straw¬ 
berries  are  yielding  well,  and  raspberries 
and  blaokberries  have  set  a  large  crop. 
Pennsylvania.  gabriel  hiester. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE. 

Experiments  in  fruit  growing  in  Labra¬ 
dor  are  to  be  made  soon.  The  first  at¬ 
tempts  are  to  be  made  with  cranberries, 
gooseberries  and  huckleberries. 

South  American  Fruit. — The  shipments 
of  fruit  mentioned  on  page  655  were  not  a 
profitable  venture.  The  grapes  were  un¬ 
salable,  being  rotten.  The  oranges  were 
fine  fruit,  in  good  condition,  but  roughly 
packed.  On  this  account  they  brought  only 
half  their  actual  fruit  value. 

The  first  car  of  new  crop  wheat  was  sold 
at  Kansas  City  June  12  at  86 %  cents.  It 
was  grown  in  Oklahoma. 

The  cotton  crop  for  1910  was  valued  at 
$963,180,000,  the  highest  on  record.  Ten 
days  earlier  than  the  previous  record  the 
first  bale  of  new  cotton  was  sold  June  12 
in  Houston,  Tex.  It  brought  a  fancy  price, 
$1,015  for  the  493  pounds. 

In  Louisiana  land  has  recently  been 
bought  by  an  English  cotton  spinning  con¬ 
cern  for  the  purpose  of  growing  their  own 
cotton.  They  use  a  high  grade  of  staple 
that  they  have  had  difficulty  in  buying  in 
sufficient  quantity  in  the  open  market.  It  is 
probable  that  other  manufacturers  will 
adopt  this  plan,  as  it  will  ensure  them  a 
supply  of  the  grades  desired  and  to  some 
extent  free  them  from  the  clutches  of  the 
speculative  market. 

Moisture  in  Butter. — The  Internal 
Revenue  Commissioner  has  ruled  that 
farm  made  butter  shall  not  be  subject  to 
the  16  per  cent  moisture  law,  so  long  as  it 
is  in  the  original  package.  Because  of  this 
ruling  an  impression  has  got  out  that  it 
will  be  easy  for  rogues  to  work  with  dis¬ 
honest  farmers  in  turning  out  large  quan¬ 
tities  of  water-soaked  butter.  This  is  a 
false  impression.  Any  farm  that  habitu¬ 
ally  produces  loaded  butter  will  be  under 
suspicion  of  dishonest  intent,  because  it  is 
well  known  that  farm  butter  as  ordinarily 
made  and  reasonably  well  worked  will  sel¬ 
dom  run  over  16  per  cent  moisture.  There 
are  laws  against  picking  pockets  and  rob¬ 
bing  henroosts,  but  honest  people  need  not 
feel  specially  concerned  about  it.  That  is 
the  case  with  this  ruling.  It  is  intended 
to  reassure  honest  producers  but  not  to 
open  a  way  for  selliug  the  contents  of  the 
well  at  butter  prices.  w.  w.  H. 


MR.  M.  F.  TRACY,  OF  FONTANELLO,  IOWA, 
UNDER  DATE  OF  MAY  1,  1911,  SAYS:— "I 
USED  ‘SAVE-THE-HORSE’  SOME  TWO 
YEARS  AGO  AND  WOULD  NOT  TAKE  $100 
FOR  WHAT  IS  LEFT  IN  THE  BOTTLE  IF  I 
COULD  NOT  GET  ANOTHER  BOTTLE.” 

Forkpville,  Pa. — Enclose  $5  for  bottle  of  “Save-the-Horae.” 
Ten  years  *£<>  I  purchased  a  bottle  and  cured  the  worst  bog 
fipaviu  l  ever  saw.  GEO.  H.  TILLY,  It.  F.  D.  No.  2. 

Afton,  Iowa,  april  36,  1913. — Have  used  yonr  medicine  for  a 
number  of  years.  Cannot  recommend  it  too  highly.  I  had  a 
fine  black  th iee-year-old  road  mare  which  became  so  lame  in 
pastern  joint  she  could  not  walk.  Had  the  State  Veterinanan 
out;  be  punctured  and  fired  it,  charged  me  $15  and  left  her  in 
just  as  bad  condition  as  before.  1  bought  a  bottle  of  your 
remedy  and  in  about  two  weeks  this  mare  was  as  sound  aa  a 
dollar.  F.  R.  SMITH. 


A  good  oil  lamp 
needs  a  good  chim¬ 
ney.  A  bad  oil  lamp 
needs  it  more. 

Both  need  a 
Macbeth  “Pearl 
Glass  ’ ’  lamp-chim¬ 
ney. 

My  lamp-chim¬ 
neys  establish  ail 
even  draft  on  both  sides  of  the 
flame  —  make  the  most  of  the 
light.  I  make  a  chimney  to  fit 
every  style  and  size  of  lamp  and 
burner. 

Send  for  my  free  Index  and  find  out  what  chim¬ 
ney  to  get  for  your  lamp. 

Macbeth 

Macbeth-Evans  Glass  Co.  Pittsburgh 

Chicago:  Philadelphia: 

178  East  Lake  Street  42  South  Eighth  Street 

New  York:  19  West  30th  Street 


Reg.  U.  8.  P»t.  Off. 


1  I'll  II'  \  \ 

IffiS 

FhR 

COMPLETE 

APPARATUS 


"ERYROOM 


would  modernize  yonr  homo  at  little  cost. 
A  hundred  other  styles  to  select  from,  in¬ 
cluding  Tablo  Lamps  and  Chandeliers. 

Each  Lamp  gives  400  candle-power  at 
one-half  cent  an  hour. 

American  Lighting  Systems  are  guar¬ 
anteed  to  pay  for  themselves  within  a  few 
months,  and  to  j?ive  complete  satisfaction. 

Seventeen  years  in  the  business  means 
that  wo.  are.  reliable.  Write  for  new  cat¬ 
alogue,  just  issued — it's  FREE. 

Agents  wanted .  Good  territory  still  open • 

AMERICAN  GAS  MACHINE  CO.f 
142  Clark  St.t  Albert  Lea*  Minn. 

Fargo,  N.  D.  Binghamton,  N.  Y*, 


Dusts  Insecticides 

No  Water  to  Haul 


LEGGETT’S 

CHAMPION 
DUSTER 


Many  thousands  in 


<Ihe  CHAMPION 

dusts  two  rows  of  pota¬ 
toes  as  fast  as  you  walk. 

‘ The  BEETLE 

Potato  Duster  (Horse 
Power)  dusts  four  rows. 

JUMBO 

dusts  trees. 

use.  Send  for  circular. 


LEGGETT  &  BRO.,  301  Pearl  St.,  N.  Y. 


APEMTQ  WANTPn  to  take  orders  for  our 
AUCN  Id  ¥1  AH  I  EU  “High  Quality”  Nursery 

Products.  Liberal  commission  paid  promptly. 
Outfit  free.  Experience  not  necessary.  PENN¬ 
SYLVANIA  NLfRSERY  CO.,  36,  Girard,  Pa. 


“Save-the-Horse”  neither  burns  nor  freezes  anything; 
neither  is  it  blistering  poison.  It  is  the  most  powerful, 
humane  and  safest  remedy  Ijnown  to  veterinary  science 
and  practice  Imitated  and  counterfeited  more  than  any 
prei»aration  ever  made.  Could  you  have  stronger  evi¬ 
dence  of  its  supreme  and  unequalled  power*  Time 
counts  at  this  season.  Send  today  for  a  bottle,  or  if  in 
doubt,  write  us.  Describe  your  case. 

Expert  Veterinary  Advice  Always  Free 
Write  for  a  copy  of  DUR  SIGNED  LEGALLY  BINDING  CON¬ 
TRACT— IT  WILL  CONVINCE ;  also  Booklet  and  Letters  from 
Bankers,  Business  Men  and  Farmers  the  world  over  on 
every  kind  of  case.  15  YEARS’  SUCCESS. 

$5.00  a  Bottle  With  Signed  CONTRACT. 

This  is  a  binding  CONTRACT  and  protect*  purchaser  ab¬ 
solutely  in  treating  and  curing  any  case  of  Hone  and  Hog  Spavin, 
Thorough  pin,  King-bone,  (except  low), Curb, SplinLCapped  Hook, 
Windptiftf.  Shoehoil,  Injured  Tendons  and  all  Lainenes*.  N.  scar 
or  loss  of  hair.  Horse  works  as  usual.  Send  for  copy  of  contract, 
booklet  on  all  lameness  and  letters  from  prominent  business 
men.  bankers,  farmers  and  horse  owners  the  world  over  on 
every  kind  of  case.  At  all  druggists  and  dealers,  or  express  paid 

Troy  Chemical  Co.,  24  Commercial  Ave.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


SPRAT 


All  kinds  spraying  out¬ 
fits  for  allpurposes — Bar¬ 
rel,  Knapsack,  Power 
Potato  Sprayers,  Com¬ 
plete  Gas  Engine  Orchard 
Rigs,  etc.  Send  for  catalog,  FREE. 


FIELD  FORCE  PUMP  COMPANY, 

2  11th  Street,  Elmira,  New  York 


CABBAGE  PLANTS  of  all  kinds,  $1  per  1000;  Tomato  and  Sweet 
Potato  Plants,  $1.50  per  1000;  Cauliflower  and  Peppers, $2.50 
per  1000.  Plants  ready  for  field.  J.  C.  Schmidt,  Bristol,  Pa. 


Ciunnf  Pntatn  Plante  only  *2.oo  per  1000,  special 
Onoul  rUlalU  I  1  all  lb  prices  on  5000  lots.  Price 
list  free.  W.  S.  FORD  &  SON,  Hartly,  Del. 


CAD  QA1  C — Cow  Peas,  $2.50  to  $3.00  bushel; 
rUll  OHLE  Crimson  Clover  Seed,  $8.50  bushel: 


Black-Eyed  Peas,  $3.00  bushel. 

JOSEPH  E.  HOLLAND  .  .  Milford.  Del. 


This  New  Press  Enables  Hay 
Balers  to  Clean  Up  SIO  a  Day 


With  hay  at  its  present  price  and  a  new  Sandwich  Motor  Press,  any  live  fel¬ 
low  can  clean  up  $10  a  day.  Baling  hay  is  a  delightful  occupation,  and  you  can 
make  more  money  during  the  six  months’  baling  season  than  most  men  make 
in  a  whole  year.  The  few  hundred  dollars  you  invest  in  an  outfit  brings  4  to  8 
times  as  big  returns  as  the  same  amount  put  into  farming  or  a  retail  business. 


The  Motor  Pres9  is  a  combination  Sandwich 
All-Steel  Belt  Power  Press  and  high-grade  gasoline 
engine.  Complete  and  compact.  Works  like  light- 
aing— easy  to  move — always  ready  for  work— no  set¬ 
ting  up  of  engine  required.  Chain  drive.  No  belts 
to  adjust,  or  lose  power.  Easy  to  6tart  or  stop  press 
instantly. 


Outfit  of  best,  most  substantial  construction 
throughout.  Steel  press— axles,  wheels  and  plat¬ 
forms  reinforced  throughout.  7  H.  P.  hopper- 
cooled  engine— brake  test,  9  H.  P.  Tank  underneath. 
Equipped  with  batteries  and  magneto,  combination 
seat,  battery  and  tool  box,  and  standard  gasoline 
pump.  If  you  have  engine,  buy  Press  alone.  Any 
etandard  hopper-cooled  engine  can  be  used. 


Sandwich  All-Steel  Motor  Press 


This  outfit  bales  2J4  to  3K  tons  per  hour.  Has  self- 
feeder  equipment.  Takes  double  charge  of  hay. 
Has  no  condenser  box,  needs  no  foot  tamping— 
feeds  direct  from  fork.  No  bal¬ 
ance  wheels,  no 
complicated  gears, 
no  high  speed  ma¬ 
chinery.  East.sim- 


Write  for  Free  Book 
cn  Hey  Baling 

(42) 


pie,  strong  and  light  of  draft.  Should  yc 
smaller  outfit  — one  less  expensive  and  having  ca¬ 
pacity  of,  say  IIS  tons  per  hour,  we  can  furnish  it. 
using  either  a  4  or  6  H.  P.  gusoline  engine. 

TVe  make  presses  with  or  without  engines— 
wood  frame  and  steel  frame,  horse  power  and 
engine  power,  in  all  sizes  up  to 
5-ton  per  hour  capacity. 

Drop  us  a  line  today  for  new 
book,  about  the  Astounding 
Profits  in  Hay  Baling.  Let  us 
tell  you  more  about  this  wonder¬ 
ful  Sandw  ich  Motor  Press. 

Sandwich  Mfg.Co. 

410  Spruce  St.,  Sandwich,  til. 


1911. 


WHK  RURAL*  NEW-YORKER 


705 


CLEANING  OUT  WHITE  GRUBS. 

G.  B.,  Canada. — Is  there  any  known 
method  of  destroying  white  grubs?  They 
eat  holes  in  the  potatoes. 

Ans. — No,  you  cannot  fight  the  grubs 
now  in  the  soil  with  much  effect.  The 
life  history  of  this  insect  covers  three 


lime-sulphur  will  do  the  business  we 
want  to  know  it.  From  the  evidence 
presented  to  us  we  have  advised  Bor¬ 
deaux  for  potatoes.  We  want  to  be  sure 
before  advising  people  to  break  their 
practice.  We  want  all  the  facts  and  ex¬ 
perience  we  can  get. 


years  or  more.  When  they  are  numer¬ 
ous  it  is  practically  impossible  to  fight 
them  and  at  the  same  time  raise  a  crop. 
Thorough  culture  and  constant  stirring 
of  the  soil  will  help  destroy  young  grubs 
and  prevent  hatching,  but  the  larger 
ones  are  hard  to  get  at.  Ordinary  dress¬ 
ings  of  chemicals  do  not  trouble  them. 
Moles  and  skunks  get  many.  One  of  the 
best  ways  for  clearing  out  the  insect  is 
to  turn  in  a  drove  of  lively  pigs.  They 
will  turn  the  soil  all  over,  often,  going 
two  feet  deep  after  the  grubs.  This  is 


NICOTINE  AS  AN  INSECTICIDE. 

The  French  grape  growers  have  found 
that  nicotine  extracted  from  tobacco  is  most 
useful  in  fighting  certain  insects  which  de¬ 
stroy  their  vines.  Two  remedies  have 
been  found  useful — spraying  with  arsenate 
of  lead  and  spraying  with  nicotine.  The 
latter  is  better  since  this  substance  evapo¬ 
rates  and  therefore  will  not  permanently  af¬ 
fect  the  fruit  as  the  poison  will.  ‘The 
French  are  unable  to  obtain  a  sufficient 
quantity  of  nicotine  for  this  purpose.  In 
France  the  tobacco  industry  is  a  Govern¬ 
ment  monoply  and  only  a  small  proportion 
of  the  tobacco  will  be  used  for  making  this 
insecticide.  Three  or  four  times  the  quan¬ 
tity  now  available  can  be  sold  if  it  could 
be  obtained.  One  remedy  is  to  increase  the 
production  of  tobacco  very  largely  not  only 


A  BUNCH  OF  HIGHLAND  STRAWBERRIES.  Fig.  255. 

(See  Ruralisms,  page  707.) 


one  of  the  best  methods  of  fitting  land 
for  strawberries,  as  the  pigs  will  clean 
the  soil  and  work  it  thoroughly.  We  do 
not  know  of  any  way  to  clean  out  the 
grubs  while  a  cultivated  crop  is  grow¬ 
ing. 

How  to  Handle  Hilled  Strawberries. 

C.  W.  II.,  Massachusetts. — I  have  a  bed 
of  Clyde  strawberries  set  out  a  year  ago 
18  inches  apart,  in  hills.  All  runners  have 
been  cut  off  and  the  plants  are  in  fine  con¬ 
dition.  Will  you  tell  me  what  to  do  with 
these  plants  after  fruiting  so  they  will  be 
good  for  another  year?  They  are  set  in 
good  rich  soil.  Everyone  who  has  seen 
the  plants  say  they  never  saw  better  ones. 
I  have  been  told  to  cut  the  tops  off  and 
cultivate  between  the  rows  so  as  to  cover 
the  crowns  and  that  a  new  crown  will  form. 

Ans. — We  have  kept  such  plants  going 
five  years  or  more.  In  fact  it  would  not 
pay  to  go  the  expense  of  setting  them 
this  way  unless  they  are  fruited  at  least 
three  years.  The  plan  you  suggest  is 
right.  Cut  the  tops  after  fruiting,  give 
good  culture  and  keep  the  runners  cut 
off.  Hill  up  a  little  and  use  a  fertilizer 
strong  in  potash  and  phosphoric  acid. 


“Self-boiled”  for  Potato  Blight. 

L.  C.  T.j  Milton,  N.  Y. — I  have  watched 
in  vain  for  some  mention  of  the  use  of 
“self-boiled”  lime-sulphur  for  potatoes  in¬ 
stead  of  Bordeaux  mixture,  but  so  far  no 
one  seems  to  have  advocated  it.  Three 
years  ago  when  I  first  received  a  bulletin 
of  Prof.  Scott’s  from  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  I  became  interested  in  this 
new  fungicide,  and  after  a  little  correspond¬ 
ence  with  the  Department,  decided  to  give 
up  all  idea  of  ever  again  using  Bordeaux. 
This  is  my  fourth  season  with  “self-boiled” 
and  I  am  entirely  satisfied  that  I  made  a 
wise  decision  three  years  ago.  I  have  used 
it,  not  only  on  all  my  fruit  from  straw¬ 
berries  to  apples,  but  also  on  my  potatoes 
every  year  as  a  carrying  medium  for  Paris 
green,  but  now  for  arsenate  of  lead,  and 
am  using  it  again  this  year.  In  spite  of 
all  the  recommendations  that  I  hear  and 
read  about  the  use  of  dilute  solutions  of 
commercial  lime-sulphur  as  Summer  sprays 
I  do  not  like  it  and  have  given  up  its  use 
entirely  after  the  buds  open.  Why  not  try 
some  self-boiled  on  your  potatoes  this  year? 

Ans. — Thus  far  the  records  sent  to  us 
go  to  show  that  lime-sulphur  is  not  equal 
to  Bordeaux  for  spraying  potatoes.  We 
have  no  theory  to  prove  either  way.  If 


for  smoking  and  chewing,  but  for  making 
nicotine.  In  fact  it  is  suggested  that  to¬ 
bacco  plants  particularly  strong  in  this 
substance  can  be  developed  much  the  same 
as  sugar  beets  have  been  produced.  It  is 
also  hoped  that  the  tobacco  manufacturers 
in  the  United  States  can  use  their  waste 
tobacco  to  advantage  in  supplying  the  de¬ 
mand  for  nicotine.  We  have  heard  much 
about  the  use  of  this  substance  as  an  in¬ 
secticide.  We  understand  that  in  this  coun¬ 
try  experiments  are  being  made  with  it,  in 
the  hope  of  finding  something  besides  poi¬ 
son  that  will  be  effective  against  the  Cod¬ 
ling  worm.  Several  parties  are  working 
on  the  theory  that  an  offensive  substance 
like  oil  or  tobacco  sprayed  upon  the  apple 
trees  at  the  proper  time  will  repel  the 
moth  and  prevent  her  from  laying  her  eggs. 
No  one  appears  to  know  definitely  about 
this,  but  there  is  a  genuine  demand  for 
some  new  way  of  fiahting  the  worm. 


r - \ 

In  Summer — 

When  the  body  needs 
but  little  food,  that  little 
should  be  appetizing  and 
nourishing. 

Then  about  the  best 
and  most  convenient  thing 
one  can  have  handy  is  a 
package  of 

Post 

Toasties 

This  food  is  fully  cook¬ 
ed  —  crisp,  delicious  and 
ready  to  serve  direct  from 
the  package. 

Post  Toasties  with  fresh 
strawberries  and  cream 
are  hard  to  beat. 


‘‘The  Memory  Lingers” 

Sold  by  Grocers. 

Postum  Cereal  Company,  Limited, 

Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  U.  S.  A. 

_ _ _ ^ 


Showing  plowed  ground  with  rich  subsoil  unused 


Same  ground  after  subsoil  has  been  dynamited 


DOUBLE  THE  FERTILITY 
OF  YOUR  FARM 

By  Breaking  up  the  Rich  Subsoil 

WITH 


CROSS  DYNAMITE 

Ordinary  plowing  turns  over  the  same  shallow  top-soil  year 
after  year,  forming  a  hard  and  nearly  impervious  “plow  sole” 
that  limits  the  waterholding  capacity  of  the  laud  and  shuts  out 
tons  per  acre  of  natural  plant  food. 

Dynamiting  the  subsoil  makes  this  plant  food  available,  aerates 
the  soil,  protects  vegetation  against  both  drouth  and  excess  rain¬ 
fall,  and  soon  repays  its  cost  in  saving  of  fertilizer  expense 
and  largely  increased  yields. 

Write  lor  Free  Booklet 

To  learn  how  progressive  farmers  are  using  dynamite  for 
removing  stumps  and  boulders,  planting  and  cultivating  fruit 
trees,  regenerating  barren  soil,  ditching,  draining,  excavating, 
and  road-making.  Write  now  for  Free  Booklet — “Farming  with 
Dynamite,  No.  30.” 

E.  I.  DU  PONT  DE  NEMOURS  POWDER  CO. 

PIONEER  POWDER  MAKERS  OF  AMERICA 

ESTABLISHED  1802  WILMINGTON,  DEL.,  U.  S.  A. 

Dynamite  dealers  wanted  in  every  town  and  village  to  take  and  forward  orders.  Not 
necessary  to  carry  stock.  Large  sale  possibilities.  Write  at  once  for  proposition. 

DU  PONT  POWDER  COMPANY,  Dept.  30,  Wilmington,  Del. 


NOVENTO 

WATER-PROOF 

ROOFING 

For  Roofing',  Sheathing' 
and  Lining'  Poultry  Houses 
and  all  Outbuilding's  :  :  : 

Clean  Durable 


60c 

per 

100 

Square 

Feet 

Odorless 


THIS  is  a  Water  and  Air-Proofing 
of  which  you  are  always  sure — 
which  you  can  absolutely  depend 
upon  to  thoroughly  protect  your  chickens 
and  stock  from  dampness  and  draughts. 

Just  see  how  well  Novento  is  made. 
First  it  is  thoroughly  soaked  through  and 
through  with  the  heaviest  kind  of  a  water¬ 
proofing  compound  ;  then  it  is  heavily 
coated  on  both  sides  so  that  air  or  water 
cannot  even  get  through  the  surface,  let 
alone  through  the  inside. 

We  will  be  glad  to  send  on  request 
samples  of  Novento  Roofing  so  that  you 
may  see  how  sturdy  and  well-made  it  is 
and  how  very  low  is  the  price  we  ask  for  it. 


ALPHA 

PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 


Send  a  postal  now  to 

The  Hydrex  Felt  6  Engineering'  Co., 

120  Liberty  Street,  New  York 

Works:  Rahway,  N.  J. 


ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


DIGS  ALL  THE  POTATOES 

|  without  cutting  them— just  enough  adjustment  to  meet 
your  conditions  without  carrying  too  much  Boil._  Saves 
enough  more  potatoes,  even  in  small  acreage  to  pay  for 
machine  in  short  time.  Perfect  separation.  Is  as  light 
|  draft  as  any  digger  can  be.  No  neck  weight.  Two  styles 
|  made  Prices  $75.00  to  $105.00.  No.  150  is  the  lighter 
.  machine,  built  on  strong  but  very  simple  lines — a  great 
favorite  with  growers.  Separate  bearings,  easilyremoved 
andcheaply  replaced.  Operates  entirely  from  the  seat. 

POT  A  TO 

_ _ DIGGERS 

I  ore  not  experiments— years  of  actual  use  in  all  sorts  of 
|  conditions  have  proved  their  worth.  Write  to  day  for 
Anniversary  Catalog— complete  line  of  potato  machin¬ 
ery,  garden  wheel  hoes  and  drills,  orchard  tools. etc. 
BATEMAN  M’F’O  CO. 

Box  102-D  GRENLOCH. 


IRON  ME 


— 99_%o  %  Pure- 

American  Ingot  Iron  Roofing 

Guaranteed  For  30  Years 

Without  Painting 

The  Only  Guaranteed  Metal  Roofing  ever  put  on  the 
market.  Samples  free.  Write  for  a  free  book  showing 
remarkable  tests.  A  way  out  of  your  roof  troubles. 

THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  C0.t  Dept.  0,  ELYRIA,  OHid 


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706 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


.Tunc  24, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


We  cannot  complain  about  the  drought. 
During  the  week  ending  .Tune  11  there  were 
several  fine  showers  ending  Saturday  night 
with  a  deluge.  Say  —  out  didn't  it  rain! 
There  were  mutterings  and  flashings  all  the 
evening.  About  nine  there  came  a  hush 
with  dead  and  sleepy  air  Suddenly  there 
came  a  smatter  of  rain,  then  came  a  bellow 
and  crash,  and  out  of  the  north  came  a 
roaring  whirlwind  of  rain.  We  had  the  barn 
doors  open,  and  there  was  a  rush  to  close 
them  and  pull  down  all  the  windows  on  the 
north  side  of  the  house.  Then  there 
was  nothing  to  do  but  let  the  torrents  pour, 
and  you  may  believe  the  storm  accepted  its 
privilege.  If  that  amount  of  water  could 
have  been  extended  over  24  hours  it  would 
have  soaked  in  for  a  month’s  supply,  and 
the  cultivators  would  have  held  it  in.  As 
it  was  a  good  share  of  this  flood  rushed 
down  the  hills  into  the  streams.  There  is 
enough  left.  Thex-e  was  some  little  washing 
on  the  hills,  but  as  a  whole  Hope  Farm 
never  reached  the  middle  of  .Tune  looking 
more  like  a  garden  and  with  a  better  out¬ 
look.  There  came  another  soaker  heavier 
than  ever  on  Sunday  night.  Strawberry 
picking  is  in  full  blast.  Our  crop  will  be 
a  little  larger  than  last  year  on  the  whole. 
One  field  is  a  failure.  It  never  did  re¬ 
cover  from  last  year's  drought  and  did  not 
have  a  fair  show.  The  three-year-old  Mar¬ 
shalls  in  hills  are  fine.  I  think  we  can 
safely  fruit  them  two  years  more.  This 
year  we  planted  peach  trees  in  among  these 
plants.  I  have  learned  to  put  peach  trees 
within  sight  of  the  house.  The  ordinary 
Summer  boarder  has  very  original  ideas  re¬ 
garding  property  rights  iii  fruit.  I  am  quite 
sure  that  some  of  the  hig  bags  which  are 
carried  to  New  York  on  Monday  morning 
are  well  lined  with  peaches.  So  let  us  help 
keep  these  gentlemen  away  from  temptation 
by  keeping  the  peach  trees  in  sight.  I  plant 
no  more  over  the  hill.  We  have  some  600 
in  sight  of  the  house.  They  go  well  with 
strawberries.  When  I  speak  of  serving 
Marshall  strawberries  as  large  as  Astrachan 
apples  people  smile  as  if  to  say  “There’s 
another !”  but  we  have  them  all  the  same. 
No  use  complaining,  but  these  floods  did 
great  damage  to  the  berries.  It  is  almost 
impossible  to  pick  clean. 

Potatoes  never  looked  better  than  this 
season.  Plants  of  Irish  Cobbler  were  in 
bloom  June  10.  The  crop  has  been  handled 
well — cultivated  four  times  and  kept  clean. 
The  bugs  have  just  started,  but  do  not 
seem  as  numerous  as  usual.  We  use  lime- 
sulphur  and  arsenate  of  lead.  The  lime- 
sulphur  may  not  be  as  effective  as  Bordeaux,’ 
but  we  shall  stay  by  it  as  an  experiment. 
While  the  crop  looks  well  now  I  have  many 
times  seen  June  vines  come  to  nothing  in 
September.  You  can  no  more  figure  on  the 
crop  from  its  June  appearance  than  you 
can  decide  a  man’s  real  Christianity  from 
his  clothes.  Last  year  I  was  delegated  to 
meet  my  daughter  and  sister  on  their  way 
in  from  Long  Island.  It  is  a  hard  place 
to  meet  people.  You  are  likely  to  miss 
them.  Boat  after  boat  crossed  the  river 
but  my  folks  did  not  come.  I  saw  that  it 
would  be  necessary  to  ’phone  out  to  the 
house  on  Long  Island  where  they  had  been 
visiting.  I  am  never  sure  of  a  long  dis¬ 
tance  ’phone,  and  it  became  a  problem 
how  to  do  it.  I  looked  about  for  some  re¬ 
spectable  looking  stranger  that  I  could  trust 
such  a  thing  to.  Who  would  you  naturally 
look  for  in  such  a  case?  What  is  the  badge 
of  confidence  and  integrity?  Black  cloth 
and  a  white  neck-tie  ought  to  come  near  it, 
but  I  did  not  find  it  so.  Several  sleek  and 
well-dressed  gentlemen  were  “too  busy,”  or 
else  had  only  a  cold  stare  at  such  a  suggest¬ 
ion.  At  last  I  got  a  man  from  a  liquor 
saloon  who  ’phoned  for  me,  found  that  my 
folks  were  delayed  and  were  coming  later, 
and  did  the  whole  thing  willingly  and  with 
good  spirit.  On  general  principles  I  sup¬ 
pose  I  am  about  as  poor  a  supporter  of  a 
saloon  keeper  as  you  can  find,  but  that  man 
had  the  clergy  and  the  “strong  business 
man”  out  of  sight  on  clean  kindliness  and 
human  nature.  No ;  that  experience  does 
not  induce  me  to  go  and  take  a  drink,  but 
it  seems  evident  that  saloon  keepers  are 
not  all  hardened  wretches,  and  if  I  got  into 
similar  trouble  again  and  could  find  one  of 
them  with  a  good  face  I  should  go  to  him 
for  help.  They  evidently  see  sides  of  life 
that  either  make  them  mighty  hard  or 
mighty  charitable.  At  any  rate  I  know 
that  neither  potato  vines  nor  men’s  clothes 
will  always  tell  you  what  is  going  to  hap¬ 
pen. 

The  cow  came  forward  with  238  pounds 
in  the  week  ending  June  11.  This  makes 
1,652  pounds  to  date.  I  do  not  give  this 
as  any  remarkable  record,  but  simply  be¬ 
cause  it  is  what  one  cow  actually  does.  I 
hear  people  tell  of  their  five-gallon  cows 
but  I  want  to  see  the  milk  put  on  the  scales. 
Our  cow’s  best  record  thus  far  is  36  pounds 
in  one  day.  Some  of  our  people  are  selling 


milk  at  less  than  one  cent  per  pound.  At 
such  price  our  cow  would  work  three  days 
to  earn  a  dollar,  while  the  men  who  paid 
for  her  milk  in  the  city  would  in  these  same 
three  days  pay  out  $4.  We  have  shown  over 
and  over  again  that  thousands  of  our  dairy¬ 
men  are  making  milk  at  a  dead  loss  if  they 
count  mechanics’  wages  for  their  own  labor. 
Very  few  milk  dairymen  come  out  even  if 
they  charge  anything  for  the  labor  of 
children  and  wife.  Of  all  the  injustice 
and  hardships  connected  with  farming,  I 
think  this  robbery  of  the  dairymen  is  worst 
of  all.  Milk  is  such  a  necessity  for  infants 
and  invalids  and  dairying  is  so  hard  and 
confining  that  it  is  little  short  of  a  crime 
that  there  should  be  such  a  margin  between 
ret&il  and  wholesale  prices.  If  dairymen 
could  only  get  even  half  of  the  retail  price 
of  milk  there  would  be  the  most  useful  dis¬ 
tribution  of  money  ever  made  in  this 
country. 

I  was  on  the  hill  mowing  around  the  trees 
with  a  couple  of  the  red  heads  “helping” 
when  word  came  that  the  assessor  was  on 
hand.  I  found  that  he  had  tacked  $1000 
to  my  assessment,  though  we  had  done  no 
building  during  the  past  year.  This  ad¬ 
dition  seemed  to  be  placed  on  the  general 
theory  that  land  in  our  section  is  rising  in 
value.  After  some  argument  the  assessor 
agreed  to  cut  down  my  valuation  to  the  old 
figure.  I  am  willing  to  pay  my  fair  share 
of  taxes  provided  all  are  valued  fairly.  The 
argument  is  put  up  to  me  that  it  is  a  fine 
thing  to  increase  valuation,  since  buyers 
will  then  get  the  idea  that  property  is 
rising.  But  I  do  not  want  to  sell ;  so  far 
as  home  is  concerned  land  at  $30  suits  me 
as  well  as  $500.  If  our  values  are  increas¬ 
ed  first  you  know  rates  will  be  shot  up  too. 
I  told  my  friend  that  since  we  had  brought 
three  new  children  to  the  town  they  should 
chop  off  $500  for  each  child  !  “Nothing  to 
it!”  I  just  want  some  of  you  farmers  in 
other  States  to  realize  that  my  taxes  have 
grown  from  $89  to  $221  in  10  years.  They 
tell  us  we  have  no  State  tax  in  New  Jer¬ 
sey  because  the  corporations  pay  our  taxes 
for  us !  Our  roads  and  schools  give  us  a 
fine  run  with  our  money. 

“I  notice  this  Hope  Farm  man  tells  of 
plowing  strips  on  each  side  of  the  rows  of 
trees  and  leaving  the  rye  to  grow  between. 
Why  docs  he  not  plow  all  the  rye  under?” 

That  is  a  good  question.  The  chief  reason 
is  that  in  part  of  our  orchard  I  am  trying 
to  see  how  close  a  man  can  get  to  de¬ 
veloping  good  trees  up  to  bearing  age  with 
little  or  no  cost.  Rye  straw  usually  brings 
a  good  price  here.  A  20-foot  strip  in  the 
middle  will  give,  in  straw  and  grain  $25  or 
so  per  acre.  This  will  pay  for  the  plowing, 
cultivating  and  a  small  lot  of  fertilizer. 
Kept  up  year  after  year  it  will  bring  trees 
to  bearing  age  with  very  little  cost.  After 
the  fruiUreally  starts  I  would  give  up  this 
plan  and  plow  everything  under  and  also 
use  more  fertilize.  I  do  not  claim  that  the 
plan  I  speak  of  is  the  best  way.  We  have, 

I  think,  demonstrated  that  such  a  plan  is 
possible  and  that  by  this  means  a  man  with 
limited  capital  and  only  one  team  can  de¬ 
velop  a  good  orchard. 

“But  why  not  seed  to  grass  and  mulch 
the  trees T” 

We  are  doing  that  too  in  several  places 
On  the  east  side  of  the  hill  is  a  place  with 
underground  springs  which  keep  the  soil 
moist.  Here  we  planted  trees  right  in  the 
sod  eight  years  ago.  The  ground  has  not 
been  plowed.  The  grass  is  cut  each  year, 
part  taken  as  hay  and  the  rest  put  around 
the  trees.  Here  we  have  developed  a  good 
orchard  which  has  not  cost  70  cents  a  tree 
outside  of  spraying.  McIntosh  trees  in  this 
orchard  have  over  a  box  and  a  half  of 
fruit  on  them  this  year.  Yet  on  the  thin¬ 
ner  soil  where  the  rock  is  close  to  the  sur¬ 
face  trees  in  sod  without  manure  or  some 
form  of  mulching  did  not  make  a  satisfac¬ 
tory  growth.  You  cannot .  expect  to  de¬ 
velop  a  good  orchard  on  the  sod  mulch  plan 
except  on  moist,  natural  grass  land,  or 
where  you  can  get  plenty  of  mulch  material 
to  put  around  the  trees.  With  either  of 
these  conditions  I  know  that  we  can  grow  a 
good  orchard  without  cultivation — but  not 
otherwise. 

We  have  one  peach  orchard  divided  into 
two  parts.  One  has  been  in  sod  since  the 
orchard  was  planted.  Grass  was  cut  last 
year  and  left  on  the  ground.  The  other 
half  was  plowed  in  1910  and  put  in  corn, 
with  good  culture  and  fair  fertilizing.  After 
the  corn  was  cut  and  shocked  the  ground 
was  worked  with  the  spring-tooth  and  put 
in  rye.  This  year  the  rye  was  plowed  under, 
fertilizer  was  scattered  around  the  trees  and 
fair  culture  has  been  given.  On  the  sod 
portion  more  and  richer  fertilizer  was  used. 
Which  side  is  ahead  ?  The  cultivated  part  is 
darker  green,  larger  foliage  and  has  50  per 
cent  more  wood  growth  thus  far.  With 
most  of  the  varieties,  however,  there  are 
more  peaches  on  the  sod  part.  There  are 
10  varieties  in  the  orchard,  and  it  is  divided 
so  that  all  are  under  both  forms  of  culture. 
The  explanation  of  this  seems  to  be  that 
the  sod  part  matured  its  wood  early  and 
proceeded  to  form  fruit  buds.  The  late  cul¬ 
tivating  and  harrowing  on  the  other  part 
stimulated  wood  growth  too  late  in  the 
season.  The  fruit  buds  are  not  matured 
and  many  of  them  died.  I  have  seen  some¬ 
thing  like  this  when  late  potatoes  were 
grown  in  a  peach  orchard.  The  late  working 
and  digging  forced  a  late  growth  and  the 
trees  could  not  recover  and  settle  down  in 
time.  The  best  plan  is  to  cultivate  about 
10  or  12  weeks  and  then  seed  down  to  a 
cover  crop  like  clover  or  rye  and  vetch. 
The  growth  of  this  will  check  the  growth 
of  the  trees  and  they  will  mature  their  wood 
and  buds.  Next  year  the  cover  crop  may  be 
plowed  under  and  the  cultivation  kept  up 
about  three  months  more.  h.  w.  c. 


A  Wonderful  Cow! 

A  Wonderful  Feed! 

Lunde  Korndyke,  owned  by  J.  J.  Larabee,  Demster,  N.  Y.,  has 

just  completed  a 

YEAR’S  RECORD  j  2613o  l  !{8,  °! 

1  872.7  lbs.  of  Fat 

She  was  Fed  Unicorn  Dairy  Ration 

This  is  the  second  highest  Holstein  record  ever  made  and  the  highest  record 
ever  made  on  one  feed. 

UNICORN  DAIRY  RATION 

combined  with  good  blood  and  good  care  makes  world’s  records.  This  cow  was 

never  fed  over  1  lb.  of  Unicorn  to  each  4  lbs,  of  milk  in  winter. 

There  is  no  feed  as  economical  as  Unicorn.  Try  it  for  summer  feeding. 

Ask  your  dealer  for  it. 

Send  for  free  sample  and  Book  on  Milk  Production.  Dept.  9 

CHAPIN  &  CO.,  Inc.,  Manufacturers,  HAMMOND,  IND. 

Branches  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  and  Boston,  Mass. 


mr 


Which  One  Will  You 
Test  on  Your  Farm 
for  Ninety  Days  ? 

Freight  Prepaid 

Which  will  yon  try,  30  Days’  Free  or  90  Days’  Ap¬ 
proval  Test? 

— Any  capacity  from  200  to  950  pounds  per  hour, 
according  to  your  needs,  and  I’ll  save  you  from  825.00 
to  850.00  on  the  price. 

— The  only  Separator  whose  gearing  runs  in  a  "Bath 
of  Oil”  like  a  55.000  automobile— Feature  worth  850.00  alone. 

— Automatically  oils  itself — Pour  oil  at  the  top.once  a  month 
from  your  oil  jug  or  can — No  danger  of  running  dry,  or  ruininl 
it  like  others— No  oil  cups  to  remember  to  fill  or  turn  up  twice  a  day. 

— Dust-proof  —  Danger-proof — All  gears  enclosed — simple  but 
standard  built  and  absolutely  dependable. 

•GALLOWAY'S  "2 


HIGH  GRADE  STANDARD  CREAM 

— Has  the  only  revolving  supply  tank — worth  $15.00  alone. 

—  Easiest  to  clean  and  the  few  parts  come  out  easy  and 
can’t  get  back  out  of  place. 

—  Easiest  to  run — high  crank — low  tank.  With  no  high 
lifting  and  nc  “back-breaking”  cranking. 

— Gets  the  finest  quality  cream  and  all  of  it — no  lumps 
or  churning,  as  Nature’s  true  principle  is  followed  without 
forcing  either  the  milk  or  cream  the  wrong  way  up  or  down. 

— Skims  closest  in  any  climate  or  season,  no  mattei 
whether  your  rnilk  is  warm  or  cold. 

— Is  as  handsome  a  machine,  compact  and  substantial, 
as  you  ever  saw  or  could  find.  Beautiful  finish. 


" Bath  In  Oil” 


SEPARA TORS 

— Let  me  send  you  my  Big  New  Sep¬ 
arator  Book — postpaid — Free,  so  you  and  your  wife  and 
the  boys  and  girls  can  talk  it  over  and  then  try  one  of 
my  separators  under  my  easy  plan  for  you  to  do  it. 

You'll  call  it  the  best  if  you  test  it  alongside  any  of  the 
highest  priced  $85.00  and  $110.00  separators  sold  by 
anybody  today — makers — catalog  houses— dealers — jobbers 
ox  anybody  else.  Write  me  today. 

Vim .  Galloway,  Pres. 

WM.  GALLO  WAT  COMPANY 

063 Galloway  Sta.,  Waterloo,  la. 


Make  All  Kinds  of 
Cheese  At  Home 

Newly  Invented  Complete 
Cheese  -  Making  Outfit  Puts 
Every  Farmer  in  the  Cheese 
Business — Big  Profits  Made 
Right  At  Home! 


It  is  no  longer  necessary  for  Farmers  to  buy 
store  cheese  at  a  high  price,  or  sell  their  milk  to 
the  Cheese  Trust  at  a  low  price.  A  clever  inven¬ 
tor  has  perfected  a  Complete  Cheese-Making 
Outfit  which  enables  every  Farmer  to  make  either 
a  soft,  rich,  granular,  or  American  Cheddar 
cheese  right  at  home  either  for  his  own  con¬ 
sumption  or  for  sale  to  Dealers. 

Outfit  consists  of  the  following:  One  Cheese 
Press,  One  Horizontal  Curd  Knife,  One  Perpen¬ 
dicular  Curd  Knife,  One  Dairy  Thermometer, 
One  Bottle  Rennett  Extract,  One  Bottle  Col¬ 
oring  Matter  and  One  Mold.  This  Complete 
Cheese-Making  Outfit  is  sold  direct  from  factory 
to  farm  at  one  small  profit  over  actual  cost  to 
manufacture.  It  is  simple,  inexpensive,  easily 
operated  and  pays  for  itself  in  a  very  short  time. 

Capacity  of  this  Outfit  is  from  25  to  40  quarts, 
making  a  cheese  weighing  from  eight  to  ten 
pounds.  With  milk  selling  around  80  and  90  cents 
per  hundred,  any  Farmer  can  save  about  one- 
third  of  the  price  he  pays  for  store  cheese,  and 
at  the  same  time  have  an  outlet  for  either  his 
whole  or  skimmed  milk.  This  excellent  home¬ 
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profit,  either  for  cash  or  in  exchange  for  goods. 

This  wonderful  Complete  Cheese-Making  Outfit 
Is  manufactured  by  the  Holland  Sporting  Goods 
Mfg.Co.,  Dept.  E  Holland,  Mich.  Every  Farmer 
should  write  them  for  full  description  of  the  Out¬ 
fit,  prices,  etc.,  and  exact  directions  telling  how 
to  make  cheese  at  a  profit  right  on  the  farm. 


CONTAGIOUS  ABORTION 

Do  you  suspect  it  in  your  herd? 
The  best  authorities  claim  that 
proper  disinfecting  is  the  only  ef¬ 
fective  remedy.  And  you  know,  if 
you  have  ever  used  it,  that  the  best 
disinfectant  for  this  and  all  general 
purposes  is 

Minor’s  Fluid 

“The  Yellow  Can” 

It  is  non-poisonous,  easily  pre¬ 
pared  and  guaranteed  to  kill  nee, 
ticks  and  stomach  worms;  it  cures 
mange  and  scab  and  prevents  hog  cholera,  etc. 

Your  dealer  carries  AIINOR’SFI/UID  in  6tock  or 
can  get  it  from  his  jobber.  If  not,  write  us  direct. 
Get  our  prices  on  Dipping  Tanks. 

The  W.  E.  Minor  Disinfectant  Co. 
1554  Columbus  Road  Cleveland,  Ohio 


TO  OUR  PATRONS.. 

“CREL'OLL”  “ 


after 


f  you 

lave  any  ’  ”  ~  curing 

he  calves  of  “scours,”  cows  of  contagious  abortion,  or 
;ven  your  poultry  of  gapes,  cholera,  lice,  etc.,  we  adivse 
hat  you  use  it  freely  in  your  stables  during 

PLY  TIME 


and  kill  flies,  nits,  disease  germs,  and  keep  stables 
thoroughly  disinfected.  It  requires  a  powerful  prepara¬ 
tion  to  do  this.  Also  spray  all  animals  lightly  once  a 
day  during  hot  weather. 

For  summer  uses  special  prices  on  quantities. 
Caledonia  Chemical  Co.,  Caledonia,  N.  Y. 


THE  BOSS  CREAM  RAISER 

will  raise  the  cream 
between  milkings  and 
give  you  sweet  skim 
milk  for  house  and 
stock.  Ice  not  necessa¬ 
ry, cold  weilor  spring 
water  will  do  the 
work.  No  skimming, 
no  crocks  and  pans  to 
handle.  TEN  DAYS 
FREE  TRIAL.  Price 
S3. 25  and  up.  50.000 
of  these  machines  In  use  today.  Send  for  Free  Catalog. 

BLUFFTON  CREAM  SEPARATOR  CO.  BOX  M,  BLUFFTON,  0. 


Milk  Fever  Outfits. 

DE  HORNERS,  Teat  Syphons,  Slitters, 

Dilators,  etc.  Received  only  award 
World’s  Fairs  Chicago  and  St.  Louis. 

Write  for  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

HACSSMANN  &  DUNN  CO. 

70S  South  Clark  Street,  Chicago,  Ill. 


“Bestov”  Milk  Cooler 


The  most  economical  cooler  made.  Cools 
and  aerates  milk  quickly,  and  to  within  two 
degrees  of  the  water  temperature.  All  parts 
touched  by  the  milk 
are  copper  or  brass, 
tin  coated,  and  easily 
taken  apart  for 
cleaning.  Thor¬ 
oughly  well-made 
and  durable.  It  is 
very  reasonable  in 
price.  Send  for 
catalogue  H ,  de- 
scribing,  with 
prices,  everything 
for  the  dairy. 


DAIRYMENS 


SUPPLY  CO. 


Philadelphia  and 
Lansdowne,  Pa. 


1911. 


Tor 


THE  RURAE  NEW-YORKER 


Ruralisms 

STRAWBERRY  TESTS  IN  MISSOURI. 

For  several  years  the  prospect  for 


second  year  of  trial  and  it  has  main¬ 
tained  its  first  promise.  One  of  the  most 
promising  new  varieties,  I  call  it,  for 
general  market  purposes.  I  again  note 
the  great  uniformity  of  its  berries  with 
their  smooth  top-like  shape. 


small  fruits  has  not  been  as  favorable  as 
this  Spring  of  1911.  There  was  some 
cold  weather  and  slight  frosts,  but  not 
enough  to  indict  serious  damage.  The 
strawberry  plants  fairly  loaded  them¬ 
selves  with  buds  and  blossoms  and  ‘'all 
went  merry  as  a  marriage  bell”  until 
drought  obtruded  his  evil  presence  upon 
the  scene.  The  weather  became  warmer 
and  warmer  as  the  berries  began  to  ripen 
until  the  temperature  was  daily  in  the 
nineties  with  an  unclouded  sky.  Dryer 
and  dryer  grew  the  soil,  while  the  plants 
with  their  great  burdens  of  berries 
struggled  bravely  to  mature  their  off¬ 
spring.  By  the  time  half  the  crop  was 
picked,  the  damage  was  severe  and  the 
remaining  berries  were  unable  to  attain 
their  proper  development.  Finally  the 
plants  themselves  began  to  succumb, 
falling  prostrate  during  the  midday  heat, 
and  about  this  time  I  began  to  find  it 
difficult  to  persuade  myself  to  pay  fur¬ 
ther  visits  to  the  field.  It  was  indeed 
something  like  the  inspection  of  a  hospi¬ 
tal  with  its  patients  in  various  stages  of 
affliction.  Thus  again  must  we  record  a 
season  marred  for  purposes  of  compari¬ 
son  and  estimation  of  old  and  new  va¬ 
rieties.  What  promised  to  be  a  glut  of 
the  local  market  turned  out  to  be  a  scant 
half  crop  with  prices  well  maintained  to 
the  last  without  the  slump  that  we  were 
predicting.  “Three  for  a  quarter”  was 
as  cheap  as  berries  were  sold,  and  con¬ 
sidering  quality  and  size,  this  was  all 
they  were  worth  or  more.  Fancy  berries, 
well  graded,  sold  all  through  at  two  for 
25  cents. 

Early  Ozark. — Among  the  earlies  the 
Ozark  was  conspicuous  for  its  wealth  of 
bloom  and  heavy  set  of  berries,  but  in 
its  final  maturity  was  rather  disappoint¬ 
ing.  In  plant  growth  it  is  strong,  but 
free  from  the  tendency  of  most  earlies 
to  make  runners  in  excess.  In  season  it 
ripened  among  the  first,  but  in  berry  it 
was  another  edition  of  the  Excelsior, 
which  with  the  Aroma  is  said  to  be 
parent  of  it.  We  all  know  how  showy  a 
berry  is  the  Excelsior  with  its  dark  bril¬ 
liant  red,  but  we  also  know  how  very 
sour  it  is.  The  Ozark  is  said  to  be 
larger  than  the  Excelsior,  but  it  did  not 
prove  it  on  this  its  first  trial  here. 

Gill. — The  Gill,  brought  to  notice  by 
the  Ohio  Station,  is  another  early  that 
has  a  small  plant  but  a  tremendous  ca¬ 
pacity  to  bear.  In  productiveness  it  is 
not  surpassed  by  any  of  its  compeers 
and  probably  not  equalled.  Its  first  ber¬ 
ries  run  to  quite  large,  larger  than 
Ozark  here,  and  are  mild  and  agreeable 
in  flavor.  It  is  probably  too  soft  for 
distant  shipping,  but  is  all  right  for  local 
markets.  It  should  make  a  good  berry 
for  the  family  garden.  The  sweetest  of 
all  earlies  is  the  Michel,  which  is  also 
a  good  bearer  under  favorable  condi¬ 
tions.  It  has  a  peculiar  dry  texture  of 
covering  that  enables  it  to  hang  on  the 
plant  for  a  long  time  and  to  resist  decay. 

King  Edward. — This  variety  gave  flat¬ 
tering  promise  for  a  time,  but  was  not 
impressive  in  its  final  issue.  Its  plants 
are  pictures  of  health  and  vigor  and  its 
berries  run  well  up  in  size.  It  has  plenty 
of  firmness  to  make  a  good  shipper  and 
its  quality  is  excellent,  but  it  failed  to 
turn  out  many  berries  when  the  test  of 
the  drought  began  to  be  felt.  Still  I  re¬ 
gard  it  as  distinctly  promising  and  well 
worthy  of  trial.  It  must  be  borne  in 
mind  that  a  single  year’s  test  is  often 
most  misleading.  I  note  the  widest  of 
discrepancies  between  the  results  given 
by  the  same  varieties  on  different  sea¬ 
sons  and  soils  here,  though  of  course 
the  best  will  assert  themselves  in  a 
series  of  years,  while  some  are  always 
up  to  a  high  standard. 

Highland. — Here  is  a  new  sort  that 
wins  favor  for  its  general  good  quali¬ 
ties.  Provided  with  superabundant  vi¬ 
tality  in  its  large  plant  which  stood  the 
tallest  of  all  among  the  many  kinds,  it 
is  able  to  ripen  an  unusual  number  of 
berries  of  large  size  while  being  tre¬ 
mendously  prolific.  Its  berries  are  dark 
red,  good  flavor,  smooth  and  uniform  in 
shape,  but  not  as  firm  as  the  standard 
shippers.  It  did  better  here  on  hard  un¬ 
mulched  soil  than  under  the  best  treat¬ 
ment,  failing  to  ripen  as  many  of  its  im¬ 
mature  load  as  some  others.  This  is  its 


Mellie. — This  is  a  seedling  originated 
by  Hubach,  of  Arkansas,  and  like  the 
Highland,  is  a  pistillate.  Not  so  large  in 
plant  but  very  vigorous  as  are  the  most 
of  seedlings;  not  so  large  in  berry  on 
the  average,  but  with  plenty  of  firmness 
for  a  shipper.  In  color  it  is  a  light  red 
with  a  fine  gloss  that  makes  it  shine  at¬ 
tractively  in  the  box.  Its  flavor,  too,  is 
very  good  and  free  from  too  much  acid. 
It  ripened  here  as  a  second  early.  Its 
value  is  in  its  immense  productiveness. 
It  has  been  on  trial  here  for  several 
years  and  I  think  more  and  more  of  it. 
Apparently  it  has  all  the  characteristics 
of  a  fine  market  berry  and  can  always 
be  confidently  depended  on  for  a  heavy 
crop.  At  the  Ohio  Station  this  variety 
was  second  in  prolificacy  among  over 
100  kinds. 

William  Belt. — This  well  known  va¬ 
riety  did  so  well  last  year  that  I  made 
it  my  leader  in  point  of  numbers  for 
this  year.  But  alas,  for  the  first  time 
here  it  confirmed  its  reputation  for  sus¬ 
ceptibility  to  the  rust.  After  giving  a 
most  brilliant  promise  for  a  splendid 
crop,  its  many  immature  berries  failed 
to  ripen  and  only  a  scant  quantity  of  its 
finely  flavored  fruit  found  its  way  into 
the  boxes.  Nevertheless  I  shall  not  give 
up  this  excellent  variety  but  next  year 
shall  resort  to  spraying.  I  cannot,  how¬ 
ever,  agree  with  those  who  think  the 
Belt  is  the  equal  of  the  Marshall  either 
in  flavor  or  in  beau-ty,  though  of  course 
it  ranks  very  high.  l.  r.  Johnson. 

Missouri. 


Trouble  with  Grapevine. 

T.  J.  L.,  Ioioa.—l  have  a  grapevine 
raised  from  seed.  When  two  branches  had 
formed  from  the  sprout  I  laid  one  branch 
down  and  in  time  it  also  sent  up  a  vine 
so  now  the  vines  are  large  at  base  and 
have  enormous  growth,  running  300  feet. 
In  Spring  they  are  loaded  with  blooms  so 
fragrant  they  are  wonderful,  but  when 
blooms  are  shed  they  drop  the  fruit  germ, 
and  also  the  stem,  and  though  this  is  the 
twelfth  year  I  have  never  had  a  grape  on 
vines  yet.  What  is  the  matter  with  vine 
that  it  does  not  bear  fruit? 

Ans. — The  specimen  clearly  indicates 
that  the  vine  in  question  is  one  of  the 
very  common  wild  species,  Vitis  vulpina, 
that  is  native  in  Iowa  and  over  a  very 
wide  range  of  country.  The  flowers  of 
this  species  are  usually  self-fertile,  but 
not  always  so,  and  it  is  probable  that  this 
one  is  not  of  that  character.  Planting 
another  wild  vine  of  the  same  species 
near  it  might  cause  the  fruit  to  set  and 
grow  to  perfection,  unless  the  flowers 
are  staminate,  in  which  case  the  vine 
cannot  bear  fruit.  By  sending  specimens 
of  the  flowers  when  in  full  bloom  to  the 
botanist  of  the  experiment  station  at 
Ames  their  sexual  character  can  be  de- 
prmined.  h.  e.  van  deman. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

WANTED  TO  SLEEP. 

Curious  That  a  Tired  Preacher  Should 
Have  Such  Desire. 


A  minister  speaks  of  the  curious  effect 
of  Grape-Nuts  food  on  him  and  how  it 
has  relieved  him. 

“You  will  doubtless  understand  how 
the  suffering  from  indigestion  with  which 
I  used  to  be  troubled  made  my  work  an 
almost  unendurable  burden;  and  why  it 
was  that  after  my  Sabbath  duties  had 
been  performed,  sleep  was  a  stranger  to 
my  pillow  till  nearly  daylight. 

“I  had  to  be  very  careful  as  to  what  I 
ate,  and  even  with  all  my  care  I  experi¬ 
enced  poignant  physical  distress  after 
meals,  and  my  food  never  satisfied  me. 

“Since  I  began  to  use  Grape-Nuts  the 
benefits  I  have  derived  from  it  are  very 
definite.  I  no  longer  suffer  from  indi¬ 
gestion,  and  I  began  to  improve  from  the 
time  Grape-Nuts  appeared  on  our  table. 

“I  find  that  by  eating  a  dish  of  this 
food  after  my  Sabbath  work  is  done 
(and  I  always  do  so  now)  my  nerves  are 
quieted  and  rest  and  refreshing  sleep 
are  ensured  me. 

“I  feel  that  I  could  not  possibly  do 
without  Grape-Nuts  food,  now  that  I 
know  its  value.  It  is  invariably  on  our 
table — we  feel  that  we  need  it  to  make 
the  meal  complete — and  our  children 
will  eat  Grape-Nuts  when  they  cannot 
be  persuaded  to  touch  anything  else.” 
Name  given  by  Postum  Co.,  Battle  Creek, 
Michigan. 

Read  the  famous  booklet,  “The  Road 
to  Wellville,”  in  pkgs.  “There’s  a  Rea¬ 
son.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


Make  Poor  land  Good. 

Make  Good  land  Better. 

And  raise  larger,  surer  crops  by  properly  tiling  every  acre 
of  your  farau  Correct  tiling  is  the  most  profitable  kind 
of  permanent  improvement  for  your  farm,  and  it  can  be 
done  best  and  quickest  by  a 

CYCLONE  TILE  DITCHING  MACHINE 

”?nohT  Wi13,?n  ^  daysmore  than  repay  its  cost.  Has  a  capacity  of 
300  to  400  rods  of  ditching  a  day,  at  average  depths  up  to  2  ft.  and  over  ac¬ 
cording  to  size  of  machine.  As  easy  to  operate  as  a  gang 
plow.  Send  today  for  booklet, 

“Ditching  Dollars”  with  its 
valuable  information  about  tiling. 

The  Jeschke  Manufacturing  Co. 

Box  J3  Bellevue,  Ohio. 


Sure  and  Sudden 
Death  to  All  Insect  Pests 

when  you  spray  with  the  stick-longest,  kill-quickest,  safest 
and  most  economical  of  all  insecticides — 

ELECTRO  Arsenate  of  Lead 

(in  Powdered  Form) 

It  is  the  only  dry  Arsenate  of  Lead  in  an  amorphous  (non-crystalline)  form,  hence 
the  only  one  that  mixes  instantly  with  water  in  such  a  finely  divided  state  that  every 
drop  of  spray  is  equally  strong  in  arsenic.  It  cannot  be  washed  off  by  rain.  Is  death 
to  insects  months  after  application,  yet  it  is  harmless  to  the  newest,  tenderest  foliage. 
Electro  is  guaranteed  to  contain  33%  arsenic  oxide,  or  50%  more  than  other  brands, 
as  proved  by  Connecticut  and  New  Jersey  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 
tests.  Write  us  for  them. 

If  your  dealer  can’t  supply  Electro,  don’t  accept  substitutes,  but  send  to 
us  for'prices  and  proofs  from  successful  fruit  growers.  We’ll  supply 
Electro  in  paste  form  if  you  prefer  it.  Use  Electro  Lime 
Sulphur  for  San  Jose  scale  and  sucking  insects. 

THE  VREELAND  CHEMICAL  CO. 
32  Church  Street,  New  York 


YOU  Need  This  Book — It’s  FREE 

Every  farmer  and  truck  grower  needs  a  copy  of 

Herrmann’s  1911  Almanac 

Besides  being1  full  of  valuable  and  interesting  data  for 
farmers  and  fruit  growers,  it  shows  the  proper  way 
to  apply  the  purest  and  most  efficient  Paris  Green 
made — Herrmann’s  Hi- Grade  Pure  Paris  Green. 
You'll  get  the  results  you  expect.  Address 
Morris  Herrmann  &  Co.,  1%  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York. 


WELL 


DRILLING 

MACHINES 


simple  and  durable.  Any  mechanic  can  operate  them 
easily.  Send  for  catalog. 

WILLIAMS  BROS.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


BINDER  TWINE,  62C  lb.  thirst 

made.  Parmer  agents  wanted.  Sample 

fogue  free!  THEO.  BURT  &  SONS,  Melrose.Ohlo 


HP  HE  FARMERS’  NATIONAL  BANK  of  Union 
City,  Michigau,  located  at  Union  City,  in  the 
State  ot  Michigan,  is  closing  its  affairs.  All  note 
holders  and  other  creditors  of  the  association  are 
therefore  hereby  notified  to  present  the  notes  and 
other  claims  for  payment,  I)rTUT  t  x>  . 

Dated  April  28,  1911.  D-  BUELL,  Prest. 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE. 


Utilize** 


.  .  .  MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY  .  .  . 

‘The  Rogers  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Send  for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  "  Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


NATURAL  Ground  PHOSPHATE 


In  Rotating  Your 
Crops  don’t  fail  3 
io  apply  Natural 
F  i  n  e-t,  round 
Phosphate  when 
breaking  your  clover, 
grass  or  grain  stubble 
sods.  (This  is  the  best 
time  to  apply  it  to  the 
soil  direct.  Address, 


The  right  amount 
applied  just  then, 
at  not  over  $1.00 
per  acre  cost  per 
crop, will  increase 
each  crop  grown  dur¬ 
ing  th<:  rotation  from  50 
to75?i  Write  for  free 
“  00  k  I  e  t ,  te  1 1  i  ng  all 
bout  it. 


THE  FARMERS  GROUND  ROCK  PHOSPHATE  CO.tennesIee 


ORNAMENTAL  FENCE.  Cheaper  undl 

far  better  than  wood  for  Lawns, 
Churches,  Cemeteries.  Also  Poul¬ 
try  and  Farm  Fence.  Free  Catalog. 
Wirte  for  Special  Offer. 

1  FENCE  COn  Box  945  Deeatnr,  Ind. 


DO  YOU  NEED  FARM  HELP? 

The  Jewish  Agricultural  and  Industrial  Aid 
Society  has  on  its  lists  men  wishing  to  obtain  em¬ 
ployment  upon  farms.  Most  of  them  are  without 
experience,  but  they  are  able-bodied  and  willing 
to  work.  They  speak  little  or  no  English,  although 
many  of  them  speak  German.  If  you  can  make 
use  of  such  help,  please  communicate  with  us, 
stating  what  you  will  pay,  whether  the  work  Is 
permanent,  and  whether  you  prefer  a  single  or  a 
married  man.  We  are  a  philanthropic  organiza¬ 
tion,  whose  object  it  is  to  assist  and  encourage 
Jews  to  become  farmers.  We  charge  no  commis¬ 
sion  to  employer  or  employee.  Address 
THE  J.  A.  &  I.  A.  S„  174  Second  Avenue,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


I'll  Save  You  $50 

On  a  Manure  Spreader 

~  If  You'll  Let  Me 

This  is  Just  a  little  ad — but  a  postal  will  bring  my  Bio 
Book— and  give  you  my  $50.00  Saving  Price  and  Special 
Proposition.  Y ou  can  save  as  much  answering  this  little  ad¬ 
vertisement  as  if  it  covered  a  page. 

My  Spreader  positively  will  do  better  work  and  last  longer 
than  any  Spreader  made — no  mat-  < 
ter  what  the  price— so  why  pay  $50^ 
more?  40,000  farmers  havoj 
stamped  their  O.  K.  onf 
my  spreader  and  money* 
saving  price.  My  Special 
Proposition  will  interest  you. 

Just  a  postal  addressed  to  Gal¬ 
loway  of  Waterloo,  Iowa,  will* 
bring  you  everything  postpaid. 

Will  You  Pay  a  Penny  For 
Tho  Postal  and  Save  $50.00? 

Address  Wm.  Galloway,  Proa. 

WM.  CALLOWAY  CO. 

669  Calloway  Sta.  Waterloo, 


Freight 

Paid 


I  SAY-ALL  MEN  ARE  EQUAL 

before  the  law-but  it  costs  money  to  go  to  law.  You  need  not  go  to  law  to  get  full  value  of  your  products 
>f  you  weigh  them  ou  your  own  scale,  Buy  the  best  and  your  word  is  law.  Buy  from  ine  because  for 
forty-six  years  I  have  been  fighting  for  you  against  trusts  and  dealers  alike,  who  say  that  because  I  think 
your  money  should  buy  as  much  as  any  dealer's,  they  will  put  me  out  of  business.  We  need  no  agents 
you  and  I.  \V  hen  you  tell  me  what  scale  you  need  I  will  offer  you  mine  on  approval — guaranteed  to 
su‘t  warranted  to  be  standard  and  at  the  same  price  that  your  dealer  would  pay  me.  No  better  scale  is 
made  no  good  scale  is  sold  for  less.  My  offer  is  free  and  saves  you  money. 

“JONES,  He  Pays  the  Freight,”  so  Ley  St..  Binghamton.  N.  Y. 


708 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKEE 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER’S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes 

Established  Itso 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 

Herbert  W.  Collingwood,  President  and  Editor. 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Drr.T.ON,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Royle,  Associate  Editor. 


SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union.  $2.04,  equal  to  8s.  6d.,  or 
t.%  marks,  or  1034  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  00  cents  per  agate  line — 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  us  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  everv  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  trifling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  bo 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent,  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  yon  must  have  t  lentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser.  •  _ 

TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

Some  of  your  people  write  of  starting  to  work  at  3.30 
a.  m.  Well,  if  that  won't  break  up  a  “back  to  land 
fever”  it  must  be  a  hopeless  cause.  J.  s. 

Iowa. 

It  is  doubtful  if  talking  about  it  will  break 
up  the  fever.  Some  poet  will  tell  the  city  man  how 
fresh  the  air  is  at  3  a.  m. !  Nothing  but  the  real 
thing  will  answer,  and  that  may  come  too  late. 

Farming  is  no  eight-hour  day  job. 

* 

We  find  a  demand  for  mixed  rye  and  vetch  seed 
for  sowing  in  corn  or  in  orchards.  Some  of  our 
readers  who  find  it  hard  to  separate  the  seed  might 
be  able  to  dispose  of  the  mixture  as  it  is  thrashed 
out.  It  ought  to  be  in  about  the  right  proportion  for 
seeding.  Our  advice  is  to  use  rye  with  the  vetch  and 
give  it  a  fair  trial  this  Fall.  Remember,  however, 
that  this  crop  is  best  for  fruit,  dairy  or  truck  farms. 
It  may  become  a  weed  or  a  nuisance  on  a  grain  farm. 

* 

The  recent  “back  to  the  land”  article  by  Mr.  Carey 
has  shaken  up  the  facts  about  the  unoccupied  lands 
in  New  York  State.  Out  of  this  shake-up  will  come 
the  truth.  Next  week  we  shall  skip  to  southern 
Texas  with  another  slice  of  truth  about  land  deals 
and  land  boomers.  You  must  have  noticed  by  this 
time  that  The  R.  N.-Y.  is  not  run  in  the  interests  of 
land  sharks  or  boomers.  Some  of  these  gentlemen 
call  themselves  “home  finders.”  If  they  get  their 

deserts  they  will  find  a  home  behind  the  bars ! 

* 

When  is  vetch  a  weed?  We  are  urging  readers  to 
try  this  crop,  but  it  is  not  at  all  a  one-sided  benefit. 
Vetch  will  seed  itself  like  a  weed  when  it  gets  started, 
and  spread  all  over  the  farm.  On  a  fruit  or  stock 
farm  or  where  truck  or  corn  are  grown  this  would 
be  one  of  the  best  things  that  can  happen,  for  where 
vetch  grows,  there  humus  accumulates,  and  the  soil 
grows  stronger.  On  a  farm  where  small  grain  is 
grown  for  sale  the  vetch  may  prove  a  weed.  The 
seed  looks  like  sweet  peas,  and  it  will  work  into  the 
grain  and  injure  its  sale.  We  do  not  know  of  any 
other  objection  to  vetch,  but  this  is  a  serious  one 
in  grain  farming.  We  advise  fruit  growers  and  stock 
men  to  use  it  wherever  they  can,  but  we  would 
not  seed  it  whenever  it  is  likely  to  work  into  grain 
fields. 

* 

In  the  last  Congress  a  constitutional  amendment 
providing  for  election  of  U.  S.  Senator  was  defeated 
by  “lame  ducks”  in  the  Senate.  A  Senatorial  “lame 
duck”  is  a  man  who  has  been  repudiated  by  the  people 
of  his  State  and  called  home  to  roost  in  private  life. 
There  were  enough  of  those  characters  to  defeat  the 
plan  for  which  the  people  have  fought  for  25  years ! 
On  June  12  the  present  Senate  passed  the  resolution 
with  only  24  votes  opposing.  It  is  not  to  the 
credit  of  New  England,  New  York  and  Pennsylvania 
that  they  provided  12  of  those  negative  votes !  How¬ 
ever,  Depew  of  New  York  and  Kean  of  New  Jersey 
were  two  of  the  lamest  of  the  “ducks,”  and  they 
were  removed  by  the  last  election.  We  do  not  believe 
a  single  one  of  these  12  Eastern  Senators  who  voted 
“no”  could  ever  be  elected  in  a  popular  contest. 
Even  Senator  Page  of  Vermont  might  repeat  bis 
famous  “act.”’  The  papers  would  support  him,  but 
the  people  would  knock  that  support  away.  The  reso¬ 
lution  will  now  go  to  the  State  Legislature  and  will 
surely  be  ratified.  The  people  long  for  the  chance 
to  cut  out  the  barbed  wire  fence  which  has  no  long 
protected  monopoly  in  the  Senate  pastures. 


Senator  O’Brien,  chairman  of  the  New  York  Sen¬ 
ate  agricultural  committee,  has  introduced  a  bill  pro¬ 
viding  for  an  investigation  to  inquire  into  the  prices, 
purity,  production,  distribution  and  consumption  of 
foodstuffs  and  farm  and  dairy  products  of  the  State. 
The  commission  is  to  consist  of  the  State  commis¬ 
sioner  of  agriculture,  the  State  commissioner  of 
health,  the  chairman  of  the  public  service  commission 
for  the  first  district,  the  director  of  the  State  Col¬ 
lege  of  Agriculture,  the  director  of  the  New  York 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station  and  the  Master  of 
the  New  York  State  Grange,  all  ex-officio,  and  five 
other  members  appointed  by  the  Governor.  The 
members  are  to  serve  without  compensation.  If  we 
could  have  such  a  commission,  and  if  Gov.  Dix 
would  appoint  a  few  practical  farmers  who  have  been 
stung  by  commission  men  something  would  be  done. 
If  scientific  men,  officials  and  “agriculturists”  are  to 
investigate  there  will  be  little  to  it. 

* 

The  latest  thing  is  that  the  farmer  is  to  be  put  on  the 
’phone,  that  is  to  say,  if  he  cares  to  take  advantage  of 
the  offer  made  by  the  Post  Office  to  have  unlimited  use 
of  a  telephone  without  regard  to  distance  for  £3  per  an¬ 
num  to  any  farmer  who  is  willing  to  join  with  at  least 
four  of  his  neighbors  for  its  combined  use.  The  Post 
Office  is  not  making  this  offer  without  giving  the  thing 
a  trial  first,  and  we  understand  that  the  experiment 
made  in  a  Yorkshire  village  has  proved  so  successful  that 
further  development  seems  justified. 

This  statement  from  the  Mark  Lane  Express  shows 
what  the  English  Post  Office  Department  is  doing. 
But  what  has  the  Post  Office  Department  to  do  with 
telephones?  In  “free  trade”  England  the  Post  Office 
controls  telegraph,  telephone  and  express  package 
service  and  works  them  all  in  the  interest  of  the  peo¬ 
ple.  Those  farmers  are  to  have  ’phone  service  all 
over  the  kingdom  at  $15  per  year.  In  this  country 
you  would  do  well  to  get  such  service  for  $25  with 
extras  for  long  distance.  A  person  may  go  into  an 
English  Post  Office  and  send  a  ’phone  message  or  a 
telegram  and  mail  a  letter  or  a  package  at  cost  to 
the  government.  There  are  no  greasy-fingered  mid¬ 
dlemen  fingering  the  dollar  for  the  lion’s  share.  Here, 
in  order  to  do  such  service,  except  for  mailing  the 
letter,  a  citizen  must  pay  tribute  to  private  monop¬ 
olies  and  put  gold  in  watered  stock.  We  tie  our 
Congressmen  with  ropes  of  sand,  but  let  them  put 
handcuffs  on  our  wrists! 

* 

We  have  been  analyzing  the  vote  in  the  New  York 
Assembly  by  which  the  Collin  bill  was  defeated.  This 
was  a  bill  to  regulate  and  control  the  sales  of  farm 
produce  by  commission  men.  The  principle  aimed  at 
was  just  and  fair.  Such  legislation  should  have  been 
given  us  years  ago.  Yet  the  Assembly  defeated  the 
bill  35  to  58.  On  the  affirmative  side  were  six  farmers* 
seven  lawyers,  five  merchants,  three  manufacturers, 
three  newspaper  men — the  others  engaged  in  various 
kinds  of  business.  Opposed  to  the  bill  were  thirty- 
four  lawyers,  six  real  estate  men,  three  farmers,  three 
merchants  and  men  from  13  other  callings. — a  clergy¬ 
man,  an  undertaker,  a  druggist  and  a  plumber  all 
lined  up  against  the  bill.  There  are  13  farmers  in 
the  Assembly — four  being  absent  when  the  vote  was 
taken.  The  three  who  voted  against  the  Collin  bill 
are 

Henry  E.  H.  Brereton,  Warren  County. 

John  C.  Meyers,  Schenectady  County. 

James  S.  Parker,  Washington  County. 

We  have  asked  these  men  to  give  their  reasons  for 
voting  against  this  bill.  We  will  wait  and  see  what 
they  have  to  say  before  expressing  an  opinion  about 
their  action.  The  principle  of  this  proposed  legisla¬ 
tion  must  be  made  a  part  of  the  law  and  enforced. 
Let  us  begin  right  now  and  organize  our  forces  for 
a  battle  in  the  next  Legislature.  Most  of  those  who 
opposed  the  bill  came  from  the  cities.  We  may  not 
be  able  to  reach  them,  but  let  us  take  care  of  the 
country  members  at  least. 

* 

With  part  of  the  people  working  for  it  and  others 
laboring  against  it,  the  present  state  of  parcel  post  re¬ 
minds  me  of  an  occurranee  many  of  us  have  often  wit¬ 
nessed.  Did  you  ever  see  a  man  come  to  the  cross-road 
store  or  country  post  office  riding  one  horse  and  leading 
another?  He  dismounts,  ties  the  reins  of  one  horse  to 
the  other’s  bridle  bit.  Now  if  the  horses  could  get  their 
minds  to  work  together,  they  could  run  just  as  fast  aud 
far  in  this  manner  as  if  they  were  loose,  but  the  rider 
reasons  that  in  the  absence  of  a  unity  of  action,  one 
horse  will  pull  as  hard  in  one  direction  as  the  other  one 
does  in  the  opposite  way,  resulting  in  their  “standing 
hitched.”  Whose  bridle  bit  are  you  tied  to?  It  seems 
that  part  of  the  administration  has  got  its  orthography 
mixed.  It  is  parcel  post  we  want,  not  partial  post. 

Arkansas.  J-  h.  p. 

That  is  just  what  the  politicians  figure  on.  They 
get  men  into  a  party.  Jones  knows  his  party  is 
wrong  on  one  thing.  Smith  knows  it  is  wrong  on 
another,  and  Brown  feels  the  same  way.  Yet  all  three 
are  tied  together  with  the  foolish  belief  that  they 


Junie  24, 

must  submit  to  large  things  which  they  feel  are 
wrong  in  order  to  get  a  few  small  things  which  they 
think  are  right.  One  of  our  most  intelligent  readers 
says  in  expressing  his  opinion  of  a  high  protective 
tariff : 

I  suppose  I  am  like  the  victim  of  the  opium  habit — 
I  would  like  to  be  rid  of  it,  but  dread  to  “pay  the  price.” 

Now  the  politicians  and  the  big  monopolies  know 
that  while  the  common  voters  feel  that  way  they  are 
safe,  for  like  the  two  horses  in  front  of  the  country 
store  there  will  be  no  such  thing  as  acting  together. 
We  have  asked  our  readers  for  opinions  regarding  a 
new  party  or  group  and  have  many  replies.  When 
we  know  what  the  Senate  will  finally  do  with  reciproc¬ 
ity  and  the  tariff  bills  we  will  analyze  the  situation 
as  outlined  by  those  letters.  Ninety-nine  per  cent 
of  them  agree  that  conditions  must  be  changed,  but 
half  a  dozen  plans  are  suggested.  We  hope  to  get 
together  on  one  broad  scheme  for  action. 

* 

One  of  our  readers  is  an  expert  fruit  grower.  He 
has  spent  long  years  at  the  business,  faced  hard  com¬ 
petition  and  loss  and  finally  made  a  success.  Re¬ 
cently  he  received  this  note  from  a  city  business  man: 

When  you  are  in  the  city  and  it  is  perfectly  convenient 
for  you  to  do  so,  I  would  be  pleased  to  have  you  call 
at  my  store.  I  would  like  a  little  of  your  advice  about 
starting  an  apple  orchard. 

Now  this  fruit  grower  wants  to  know  what  would 
happen  if  he  wrote  a  similar  letter  to  a  city  man 
saying  that  he  thought  of  starting  a  grocery  business 
and  wanted  to  know  how  to  do  it.  How  much  real 
information  would  a  grocer  give  him?  Yet  why 
is  not  one  request  as  fair  an  the  other?  It  cost  the 
fruit  grower  more  to  learn  how  to  grow  a  good 
orchard  than  the  grocer  or  the  baker  ever  paid  for 
liis  business  education.  Why  should  the  farmer  give 
up  his  information  for  the  purpose  of  increasing  com- 
petion?  The  usual  answer  we  receive  to  this  question 
is  that  the  farmer’s  position  is  a  narrow  one.  That 
part  of  a  dollar  which  buys  35  cents  worth  of  goods 
is  not  very  broad.  Will  some  one  tell  us  why  this 
passage  of  knowledge  between  a  farmer  and  other 

business  men  should  be  one-sided? 

* 

The  Rural  New-Yorker  perpetrates  a  rank  libel  by 
saying  that  Vermont  newspapers  favor  reciprocity  be¬ 
cause  they  are  told  to  do  so.  While  the  News  is  not  in 
accord  with  the  enthusiastic  supporters  of  the  so-called 
Canadian  reciprocity  measure  as  represented  by  a  con¬ 
siderable  majority  of  the  State  press,  it  cheerfully  con¬ 
cedes  the  good  faith  of  such  advocates.  No  State  in  the 
Union  has  a  more  independent  press  than  Vermont;  no¬ 
body  attempts  to  dictate  its  editorial  policy ;  what  it 
advocates,  right  or  wrong,  is  the  honest  opinion  of  the 
men  who  make  the  newspapers.  Plunk  that  down  as  a 
fact,  Mr.  Rural  New-Yorker. — Nortnficld  News. 

We  take  great  pleasure  in  plunking  it  down.  That 
seems  to  be  all  we  need  to  do.  Our  Vermont  readers 
are  doing  the  rest  of  the  “plunking”  far  more  ef¬ 
fectively  than  we  can.  Mr.  L.  H.  Sheldon  plunked 
the  Northfield  News  with  the  point  of  a  good  pen. 

I  have  just  written  four  good  solid  pages  to  the  editor 
telling  him  that  you  generally  came  pretty  near  the 
“bull’s  eye,”  and  telling  him  just  what  the  papers  were 
doing.  It  is  a  distrssing  fact  that  our  papers  stand  for 
reciprocity,  saloons,  open  Sundays,  etc.,  and  nothing 
that  benefits  the  State.  I  asked  him  if  he  did  not 
think  it  rather  cowardly  for  an  “independent  press”  to 
attack  the  farmer  and  refuse  him  a  chance  to  defend 
himself  as  they  do. 

When  you  shoot  at  random  into  a  crowd  what 
conclusion  do  you  come  to  when  some  individual 
squeals?  If  Vermont  had  any  such  marvellously 
independent  press  that  “rank  libel”  would  not  be 
worth  noticing!  The  Vermont  farmers  will  play 
the  “Senator  Page  act”  on  these  county  papers,  and 
make  them  really  represent  the  people  who  pay  for 
them,  or  go  and  represent  somebody  else.  When  a 
paper  shuffles  around  waiting  for  the  politician  and 
the  advertisers  to  tell  it  what  to  do,  it  is  time  for 
its  readers  to  “take  up  the  pen.’”  These  papers  can¬ 
not  live  without  subscribers,  and  if  they  will  not 
represent  the  country  people.  who  pay  for  them  of 
what  use  are  they? 

BREVITIES. 

The  government  should  take  a  legal  hitch  on  folks  who 
are  too  eager  to  get  rich. 

The  Indian  Runner  duck  people  are  putting  up  some 
good  arguments.  We  want  the  other  side,  too. 

The  cutworms.  The  place  on  our  farm  where  those 
pests  have  done  little  or  no  damage  is  an  old  chicken  yard 
plowed  this  year  for  a  garden.  Did  the  hens  clean  them 
out? 

One  single  cargo  from  China  brought  to  Liverpool  re¬ 
cently  10,000  carcases  of  hogs,  10,000  cases  of  lard,  1,000 
cases  of  eggs  and  other  food.  The  Chinese  ai-e  exporting 
more  and  more  food  and  will  soon  influence  the  European 
market. 

The  'French  talk  of  growing  tobacco  for  insecticidal 
purposes  alone.  They  want  a  plant  so  rank  with  nicotine 
that  it  would  be  unfit  for  smoking.  They  would  develop 
such  plants  by  using  seeds  from  the  rankest  plants  they 
can  find. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


709 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

More  things  happened  at  St.  Louis, 

Mo.,  last  week.  The  following  come 

as  newspaper  dispatches: 

Two  receivership  suits  were  filed  here 
to-day  against  E.  G.  Lewis  and  the  con¬ 
cerns  controlled  by  him ;  and  it  is  an¬ 
nounced  that  a  special  session  of  the  Fed¬ 
eral  Grand  Jury  has  been  called  for  July 
7  with  Lewis  in  California,  close  to  the 
Mexican  border.  One  suit  is  a  general 
creditors’  bill  against  all  the  Lewis  cor¬ 
porations,  asking  for  a  receiver  to  wind 
up  their  affairs.  The  other  is  a  fore¬ 
closure  action  against  the  University 
Heights  Realty  Company,  l’eople’s  Savings 
Trust  Company,  Metropolitan  Insurance 
Company  and  Nathan  Frank,  as  trustee. 
There  are  233  petitioners  in  the  general 
creditors’  suit,  headed  by  Mrs.  Wilbur  R. 
Force,  of  New  York.  St.  Louis  business 
men  foi’ecast  the  disintegration  of  the 
league  and  the  Lewis  Chapter  House 
scheme. 

It  is  charged  in  the  suits  that  Lewis 
and  his  associates  advertised  $600,000  of 
six  per  cent  real  estate  notes  to  be  se¬ 
cured  by  first  lien  on  real  estate  when  as 
a  matter  of  fact  there  already  existed  a 
first  deed  of  trust  against  the  property  for 
$400,000.  It  is  also  charged  that  lots  to 
the  value  of  $200,000  were  released  without 
knowledge  or  consent  of  the  mortgage 
holders. 

It  is  alleged  Lewis  paid  all  his  corpora¬ 
tion  debts  in  paper  or  certificates  of  in¬ 
debtedness  in  new  corporations,  that  all  are 
insolvent  and  that  the  total  indebtedness 
is  more  than  $5,000,000.  It  further  is  de¬ 
clared  Lewis’  personal  expenses  as  repre¬ 
sentative  of  the  American  Woman’s  League 
averaged  $6,000  a  week. 

These  two  suits  are  in  addition  to  the 
bankruptcy  proceedings  of  the  Publish¬ 
ing  Company,  and  the  foreclosure  suit 
of  the  Realty  Co.,  for  which  a  receiver 
had  already  been  appointed  and  an  in¬ 
junction  issued.  The  suit  on  creditors’ 
bill  is  against  all  the  Lewis  concerns, 
and  everyone  who  claims  any  interest 
in  the  properties  of  the  companies.  It 
contains  a  thorough  expose  of  the  many 
schemes  of  E.  G.  Lewis  from  the  time 
he  began  his  fake  endless  chain  Pro¬ 
gressive  Watch  Company  at  the  begin¬ 
ning  of  his  St.  Louis  career  down  to  the 
present  time.  It  shows  that  his  cor¬ 
porations  are  mere  pretenses  and  sub¬ 
terfuges  by  means  of  which  he  has 
been  robbing  the  people  by  first  one 
endless  chain  and  then  another,  and 
that  his  business  has  been  simply  the 
selling  of  worthless  securities,  and  that 
money  once  entrusted  to  him  or  most 
of  it,  is  never  returned. 

On  the  promise  of  their  attorneys  in 
open  court  to  hold  the  properties  in¬ 
tact  in  the  meantime,  the  court  allowed 
until  July  first  to  show  cause  why  a 
receiver  should  not  be  appointed.  This 
is  the  usual  course ;  but  the  same  rea¬ 
sons  exist  in  this  case  as  in  the  other 
suit  in  which  receiver  was  appointed 
last  week. 

Creditors  will  now  appreciate  the  ex¬ 
tent  of  the  scheme  put  up  by  Lewis  to 
get  possession  of  the  evidences  of  debt 
and  crimination  through  his  agent  Will¬ 
iams,  self  -  styled  controller.  It  all 
proves  as  we  have  before  stated  that 
Williams  had  no  legal  standing,  and 
was  in  no  position  to  protect  the  prop¬ 
erty  or  the  creditors,  and  that  his  only 
mission  was  to  get  the  papers  for 
Lewis.  Last  week,  after  the  receiver 
was  appointed  in  the  first  foreclosure 
suit,  he  told  the  mortgage  note  holders 
that  the  property  if  forced  to  a  sale  will 
sell  for  only  a  small  part  of  the  $537,788 
against  it.  This  property  was  mort¬ 
gaged  for  nearly  five  times  its  cost 
to  Lewis,  and  it  is  not  strange  if  it  does 
not  sell  for  the  face  of  the  mortgage. 
When  he  was  getting  the  money,  Lewis 
said  it  was  the  best  security  in  the 
world.  In  effect  Williams  now  says  he 
lied.  We  would  not  dispute  him  in  this 
inference.  Good  mortgages  can  be  sold 
any  time  when  due  at  face  value.  But 
Williams  knows  that  there  is  no  danger 
of  the  property  being  sold  through  the 
court  at  a  sacrifice.  The  court  must  au¬ 
thorize  and  sanction  every  sale ;  and 
the  court  will  not  sanction  a  sale  for 
less  than  a  fair  price  for  the  property. 

It  is  simply  a  choice  between  Lewis  and 
the  court  and  note  holders,  after  their 
experience  with  Lewis,  prefer  to  trust 
the  court.  Williams  also  urges  that  he 
will  be  obliged  to  buy  in  the  property 
for  the  benefit  of  those  who  deposit  their 
notes  with  him.  It  was  a  silly  bluff,  and 
it  is  no  wonder  that  no  one  fell  for  it. 
If  he  did  that  every  one  of  our  people 
would  get  their  money  in  full  with  in¬ 
terest  and  those  who  sent  him  their 
claims  would  still  have  the  Lewis  prom¬ 
ises.  To  meet  the  new  suits  now  Mr. 
Williams  would  have  to  pay  every  claim 
of  every  kind  that  has  been  filed  with  us 
or  with  Claud  D.  Hall.  For  our  part 
we  would  ask  nothing  more.  The  suits 
could  stop  any  time  the  claims  are  paid 
in  full.  But  there  is  no  danger  of  Mr. 


Williams  paying  anything.  The  notes 
on  this  last  foreclosure  suit  were  sold 
as  a  first  lien  on  real  estate.  A  $400,000 
mortgage  was  on  record  against  it  at 
the  time,  and  remains  now.  Taxes  have 
not  been  paid  in  years,  and  interest  on 
the  notes  was  defaulted  from  the  first. 
Evidently  there  is  not  much  ground  to 
hope  that  either  Williams  or  Lewis  will 
redeem  anything.  Williams  has  shown 
where  he  belongs  through  his  willing¬ 
ness  to  be  an  associate  of  Lewis.  The 
publishers  and  educators  and  politicians 
who  have  permitted  themselves  to  be 
used  by  Lewis  to  rob  poor  people,  may 
now  evince  enough  decency  to  feel 
ashamed  of  themselves,  and  at  least 
apologize  for  their  support  of  his 
crooked  schemes. 

Anyway,  things  are  in  shape  now  to 
clean  up  the  unwholesome  mess.  The 
courts  will  protect  whatever  property  is 
left,  and  the  creditors  will  get  their 
share  of  anything  that  Williams  and 
Lewis  have  left.  The  claims  may  be 
filed  through  your  own  attorney  or 
Claud  D.  Hall,  705  Olive  st.,  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  or  through  us.  In  the  meantime  we 
look  for  something  definite  from  that 
special  Grand  Jury. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — President  Taft  has  pre¬ 
sented  medals  of  honor  to  six  members  of 
the  fireroom  crew  of  the  battleship  North 
Dakota  for  extraordinary  heroism  dis¬ 
played  during  the  fire  on  that  battleship  on 
September  8  last,  when  her  oil  fuel  ap¬ 
paratus  ignited  as  she  whs  entering  Hamp¬ 
ton  Roads.  The  ceremony  will  take  place 
at  the  White  House.  The  men  who  re¬ 
ceived  medals  of  honor  are  Thomas  Stan¬ 
ton,  of  Newport,  R.  I.,  chief  machinist’s 
mate;  Karl  Westa,  of  Mattapan,  Mass., 
chief  machinist’s  mate;  Patrick  Reid,  of 
Brooklyn,  chief  water  tender ;  August 
Iloltz,  of  Glencoe.  Mo.,  chief  water  tender  ; 
Charles  C.  Roberts,  of  Newton,  Mass.,  ma¬ 
chinist’s  mate,  and  Harry  Lipscomb,  of 
the  District  of  Columbia,  water  tender. 

June  10  fire  destroyed  the  Sigma  Alpha 
Upsilon  fraternity  house  at  Cornell  Uni¬ 
versity,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  Loss  is  estimated  at 
$33,000.  Many  students  lost  practically  all 
their  clothes.  This  is  the  fourth  serious 
fraternity  house  fire  at  Cornell  in  four 
years.  The  magnificent  Chi  Psi  house  was 
destroyed  in  1907,  the  Alpha  Tau  Omega 
house  in  1908  and  the  Delta  Upsilon  house 
in  the  Winter  of  1909. 

Violent  electrical  storms,  accompanied  by 
torrential  rains,  did  much  damage  in  the 
vicinity  of  New  York,  June  10-11,  but  aided 
the  city’s  depleted  water  supply.  June  10 
the  storm  was  accompanied  by  a  70-mile 
gale,  which  did  much  damage  at  Paterson, 
N.  J.  The  wind  tore  off  the  roofs  of  mills 
and  dwelling  houses.  At  the  Johnson, 
Cowdin  &  Co.  mill  a  section  of  the  roof  200 
feet  long  and  25  feet  wide  was  carried  200 
feet  to  a  vacant  lot.  Beams  falling  through 
the  upper  floor  set  off  the  sprinkling  sys¬ 
tem  used  in  case  of  fire  on  each  of  the  four 
floors,  and  every  piece  of  silk  finished  and 
in  process  of  manufacture  was  ruined.  The 
damage  is  estimated  at  $75,000.  The  roof 
of  the  Empire  Silk  Mill  also  was  blown  off, 
with  the  same  results  to  the  sprinkling  sys¬ 
tem  as  in  the  Johnson,  Cowdin  &  Co.  mill. 
The  damage  here  is  estimated  at  $40,000. 
The  roof  of  the  Samuel  Aronsofin  mill,  on 
East  18th  street,  was  torn  off  and  the  rain 
pouring  in  on  the  stock  of  silk  on  the 
upper  floor  caused  $10,000  damages.  Trees 
were  uprooted  and  electric  lighting  and 
transportation  crippled.  Wind  and  lightning 
caused  damage  in  New  York  State  at  Mid¬ 
dletown,  Mount  Hope,  Howells,  Interlaken 
and  adjacent  territory.  A  terrific  storm  at 
Allentown,  Pa.,  did  much  damage,  and 
caused  three  deaths,  June  12.  Electric  wires 
torn  down  by  the  gale,  rendered  traffic 
dangerous  until  the  current  was  cut  off.  A 
falling  tree  carried  electric  wires  on  to  a 
house  partly  of  iron  construction,  charging 
the  whole  house  with  electricity,  three 
deaths  resulting.  Two  children  were  killed 
by  lightning  at  Wilkesbarre.  Much  dam¬ 
age  was  also  done  by  storm  the  same  date 
at  and  around  Binghamton,  N.  Y.,  and  four 
persons  were  killed  by  accidents  due  to  the 
storm.  Terrific  storms  June  12  west  and 
south  of  New  York  cut  this  city  off  from 
communication  with  almost  every  large  city 
to  the  south  and  west.  According  to  the 
telegraph  and  telephone  people  they  haven’t 
had  as  much  trouble  with  crippled  wires 
since  the  memorable  snow  and  ice  storm 
that  swept  the  Middle  Atlantic  States  when 
President  Taft  was  inaugurated,  011  March 
4,  1909. 

Passengers  numbering  about  150  aboard 
the  Prince  Arthur,  the  Dominion  Atlantic 
Line  steamer,  which  arrived  in  Boston  from 
Yarmouth,  N.  S.,  June  11,  were  aroused 
from  their  sleep  and  thrown  into  a  panic 
when  the  steamer  hit  a  huge  whale  broad¬ 
side  the  previous  night.  The  sudden  col¬ 
lision  jarred  the  whole  ship,  throwing  some 
of  the  passengers  out  of  their  berths.  The 
steamer  was  going  at  a  rapid  rate  in  a 
chonpy  sea,  and  the  sudden  impact  with  the 
whale  reduced  the  speed  to  less  than  one- 
half.  The  sharp  prow  of  the  steamer  al¬ 
most  cut  the  whale  in  halves,  having  wedged 
itself  into  the  monster’s  side. 

The  greater  part  of  Whitewright,  Tex., 
was  burned  down  June  12.  Forty-three 
business  houses  and  27  residences  were 
wiped  out,  and  a  large  number  of  others 
were  badly  damaged.  No  one  was  killed, 
but  two  persons  were  injured.  The  loss  will 
be  more  than  $300,000.  The  population  of 
the  town  is  about  2,000. 

Nine  passengers,  three  of  them  women, 
fought  for  their  lives  through  flames  that 
consumed  an  Atlantic  avenue  trolley  car 
in  Yentnor  City,  near  Atlantic  City,  N.  J., 
June  13,  when  the  car  was  fired  by  two 
bolts  of  lightning.  Clarke  Oslar,  the  con¬ 
ductor,  is  severely  injured.  The  passengers 
were  bruised  and  they  suffered  from  the 
shock,  but  all  escaped  serious  hurt  through 
the  efforts  of  Charles  Gibbs,  the  motorman, 
and  A.  I’.  Iioopes,  of  West  Chester,  a  pas¬ 


senger.  In  the  noise  made  by  the  storm 
Gibbs  was  unaware  that  the  car  had  been 
struck  until  told  by  the  passengers.  The 
conductor  was  missing  and  the  back  of  the 
trolley  was  ablaze.  Before  Gibbs  could 
bring  the  car  to  a  stop  a  second  bolt  shat¬ 
tered  the  roof.  Everybody  in  the  car  was 
stunned  and  thrown  to  the  floor.  The  car 
began  burning  on  all  sides  and  was  filled 
with  smoke.  With  the  aid  of  Iioopes, 
Gibbs  brought  it  to  a  standstill,  and  to¬ 
gether  they  saved  the  passengers,  who  were 
fighting  to  get  out.  The  car  was  burned 
to  the  trucks. 

FARM  AND  GARDEN.— The  first  bale 
of  new  cotton  of  the  season  was  shipped 
from  Riviera,  Tex.,  June  9.  It  will  make 
the  rounds  of  the  cotton  exchanges  of 
Houston,  Galveston  and  Now  Orleans,  and 
reach  New  York  about  10  days  later.  This 
bale  was  harvested  two  weeks  earlier  than 
the  first  bale  last  season. 

The  next  meeting  of  the  Society  for  Hor¬ 
ticultural  Science  will  be  held  in  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.,  on  Friday,  December  29, 
1911,  in  connection  with  the  meetings  of 
the  American  Association  for  the  Advance¬ 
ment  of  Science. 

Horse  breeders  and  farmers  throughout 
the  country  are  interested  in  the  horse 
feeding  experiments  now  being  conducted 
at  Ft.  Riley,  Kan.,  under  the  supervision  of 
C.  W.  McCampbell,  of  the  Experiment  Sta¬ 
tion  of  the  Kansas  State  Agricultural  Col¬ 
lege.  The  experiments,  which  are  sanctioned 
by  the  War  Department,  commenced  Janu¬ 
ary  15  and  will  cover  a  period  of  five 
months,  ending  June  15.  They  wore  made 
possible  by  Professor  R.  J.  Kinzer,  of  the 
agricultural  college,  and  Colonel  Eli  D. 
Hoyle,  of  the  Sixth  Field  Artillery.  Nine 
hundred  and  thirty-seven  horses  of  the 
Sixth  Field  Artillery  are  being  used  in  con¬ 
ducting  the  feeding  tests.  Eighteen  differ¬ 
ent  combinations  of  feeds,  or  forage  ra¬ 
tions,  are  being  used. 

DIRECT  VOTE  FOR  SENATORS.— The 
Senate  June  12  passed  the  resolution  pro¬ 
posing  an  amendment  to  the  Federal  Con¬ 
stitution  providing  for  the  election  of  Sen¬ 
ators  by  direct  vote.  The  action  of  the 
Senate  marked  the  successful  culmination 
of  an  effort  that  has  extended  over  more 
than  a  quarter  of  a  century  to  bring  this 
question  before  the  State  Legislatures. 
The  resolution  was  passed  by  the  Senate 
by  a  vote  of  64  to  24,  two-thirds  of  those 
present,  or  59,  being  necessary  to  carry 
the  proposition.  The  resolution  as  adopted, 
however,  carried  with  it  the  so-called  Bris¬ 
tow  amendment,  which  will  necessitate  its 
return  to  the  House  of  Representatives, 
which  has  already  passed  it.  If  the 
House  acts  favorably  on  the  resolution  in 
its  amended  form,  which  seems  likely,  it 
will  go  to  the  States  for  ratification  as  an 
amendment  to  the  Constitution.  The  Bris¬ 
tow  amendment  retains  to  the  Federal  Gov¬ 
ernment  power  over  the  manner,  time  and 
place  of  holding  elections  for  United  States 
Senators.  The  Southerners  opposed  the 
amendment  on  the  ground  that  it  would 
give  the  Federal  Government  power  to  in¬ 
terfere  with  the  so-called  grandfather’s 
clauses  of  the  constitutions  of  the  South¬ 
ern  States.  The  vote  on  the  Bristow  amend¬ 
ment  was  a  tie,  44  to  44,  and  Vice-Presi¬ 
dent  Sherman  cast  the  vote  which  tacked 
the  amendment  to  the  resolution.  Upon 
the  Vice-President  may  eventually  rest  the 
responsibility  for  the  failure  of  the  resolu¬ 
tion.  for  Southern  Senators  declared  that  it 
would  never  be  accepted  in  its  present  form 
by  the  Legislatures  of  Southern  States. 
These  are  the  Senators  who  voted  against 
the  resolution  on  final  passage :  Bacon, 
Bankhead,  Braudegee,  Burnham,  Crane, 
Dillingham,  Fletcher,  Foster,  Gallinger, 
Ileyburn,  Johnston,  Lippitt,  Lodge,  Lori- 
mer,  Oliver,  Page,  Penrose,  Percy,  Richard¬ 
son,  Root,  Smoot,  Terrell,  Williams  and 
Wetmore. 


DIARY  OF  FARM  WORK. 

A  “BACK  TO  THE  LAND"  FARMER. 

Wednesday,  June  7. — I  think  the  reports 
of  work  could  be  improved  if  each  on# 
would  give  a  brief  statement  of  his  farm, 
stating  what  crops  are  raised,  amount  of 
labor  used,  etc.  In  our  case  we  left  the 
city  (in  Ohio)  and  came  “back  to  the 
farm.”  In  November,  1909,  I  bought  an 
80-acre  farm,  15  miles  south  of  the  Phila¬ 
delphia  ferry.  It  is  my  intention  to  make 
a  fruit  farm  of  it.  In  December,  1909,  I 
set  1,000  one-year-old  apple  trees,  40  feet 
apart  each  way,  every  fifth  row  being  a 
different  variety,  with  peaches  between  the 
apples,  making  trees  20x20  feet.  So  about 
24  acres  of  our  farm  is  in  orchard.  I  ex¬ 
pect  to  make  a  living  and  expenses  by  rais¬ 
ing  truck  until  the  orchards  are  bearing, 
then  drop  trucking  and  set  about  25  acres 
more  of  the  farm  to  fruit.  This  year  I 
have,  or  will  have,  16  acres  of  white  po¬ 
tatoes,  30.000  sweet  potatoes.  20.000 
Charleston  Wakefield  cabbage,  5.000  Earl- 
iana  tomatoes,  2,000  second  early  tomatoes, 
five  acres  late  tomatoes  for  the  canning 
factory,  one  acre  canteloupes,  eight  acres 
corn,  four  acres  hay  and  about  seven  acres 
in  pasture.  Some  three  acres  of  the  pas¬ 
ture  is  fenced  off  into  three  lots  for  hog 
pastures,  remainder  for  our  one  cow  and  a 
heifer  we  are  raising,  and  horses.  We  have 
two  sows,  14  shotes  and  seven  pigs  on  the 
pasture.  We  keep  five  horses  and  have 
three  men,  and  have  plenty  of  work 
to  keep  us  all  four  busy.  Charlie  works  by 
the  month  and  boards  with  us.  Wesley 
works  by  the  month  and  boards  himself, 
John  works  by  the  day  and  boards  him¬ 
self,  being  an  extra  man,  but  we  use  him 
every  day  that  weather  is  nice,  from  April 
to  September.  Weather  was  nice  in  early 
Spring,  except  Spring  was  late,  with  two 
inches  of  rain  iu  March’  and  April.  No 
rain  from  April  20  to  June  2.  Meadows 
are  very  poor,  and  truck  crops  are  not 
what  they  would  be  if  we  had  had  rain, 
but  look  well  for  such  dry  weather. 

On  the  7th,  Charlie  and  I  got  up  at  four 
o’clock,  Charlie  fed,  cleaned  and  harnessed 
the  horses.  1  fed  hogs,  pigs,  cow  and  chick¬ 
ens.  Had  breakfast  at  5.30  and  went  to 
work  at  six,  whe  1  the  other  men  came.  All 
four  of  us  worked  at  setting  sweet  potato 
sprouts  in  the  forenoon,  as  we  had  a  show¬ 
er  last  night.  Many  set  their  sweets  last 
week  and  the  week  before,  hauling  water 
and  watering  each  plant.  In  the  afternoon 
Charlie  farmed  the  cabbage  with  one  horse 
and  the  hoe  harrow.  Cabbage  is  growing 


well  for  dry  weather  and  is  beginning  to 
head.  Wesley  farmed  the  early  tomatoes 
with  one  horse  and  hoe  harrow.  It  was 
so  dry  on  May  11th  and  12th,  when  the 
tomatoes  were  set  out,  that  they  did  not 
start  readily  and  we  had  to  water  them ; 
dug  a  hole  near  each  plant,  poured  in ’one 
to  two  quarts  of  water  and  after  water 
had  soaked  in  filled  hole  with  dry  dirt ; 
took  35  barrels  of  water,  which  we  hauled 
from  nearby  pond.  It  was  a  big  job,  but 
paid  well.  Now  we  have  quite  a  few  toma¬ 
toes  as  big  as  a  silver  dollar.  John 
farmed  part  of  the  white  potatoes  with 
two  horses  and  an  iron  Age  sulky  cultiva¬ 
tor.  I  spent  the  afternoon  trying  to  find 
some  one  who  had  spread  lime  in  a 
manure  spreader,  to  learn  what  their  ex¬ 
perience  was,  and  see  if  I  could  rent  their 
spreader.  Found  three  men  who  had  done  it. 

Thursday,  June  8. — I  got  up  at  three 
o  clock  and  went  for  the  manure  spreader. 
Charlie  did  the  morning  chores.  We  work 
from  6.00  to  11.30  a.  m.  and  12.30  to  6.00 
p.  m.,  except  yours  truly,  who  works  any¬ 
where  from  12  to  18  hours  a  day.  About 
10  o'clock  Wesley  finished  farming  the  early 
tomatoes  and  helped  Charlie  finish  farming 
the  cabbage,  getting  it  done  by  noon.  John 
farmed  white  potatoes  in  the  forenoon.  I 
sprayed  white  potatoes  with  a  horse  spray¬ 
er.  Used  four  pounds  of  Paris  green  to 
the  barrel  of  water,  on  part  of  the  pota¬ 
toes  I  am  also  using  three  pounds  of  blue, 
vitriol  and  two  pails  of  lime  water  in  each 
barrel.  On  part  I  use  the  lime  water  with¬ 
out  the  blue  vitriol  and  on  part  just  Paris 
green.  This  is  an  experiment  for  future 
guidance.  In  the  afternoon  John  farmed 
white  potatoes. 

In  the  afternoon  the  other  two  men  to¬ 
gether  tried  spreading  the  lime  in  the  ma¬ 
nure  spreader.  When  we  unloaded  the  car  of 
lime  we  put  it  iu  piles  at  the  end  of  each 
tree  row.  As  ground  is  full  of  little  stones 
we  would  have  to  seleen  the  lime  onto  a 
platform  before  we  could  use  it  in  a  drill. 
We  got  the  manure  spreader  to  avoid  the 
work  of  screening  it ;  used  three  horses  on 
spreader,  had  a  slow  feed  attachment  on 
spreader  and  regulated  quantity  of  lime  by 
the  amount  we  put  in  the  bed.  It  worked 
quite  well  and  spread  the  lime  evenly,  ex¬ 
cept  that  handfuls  of  the  lime  would  oc¬ 
casionally  drop  off  the  end  of  the  spreader 
between  the  bed  aud  the  drum.  This  could 
avoided  by  putting  about  three  inches 
ot  chaff  in  the  bottom  of  bed  under  lime, 
so  as  to  raise  lime  up  to  about  the  level 
of  the  drum.  But  it  did  fair  work;  we 
did  not  have  the  chaff  and  will  use  spreader 
for  the  rest  of  the  lime.  I  also  did  several 
odd  jobs  about  the  farm,  one  of  them-  an 
especially  interesting  one.  This  was  to  ex¬ 
amine  a  bed  where  I  tested  some  seed  corn 
and  other  things.  The  dry  weather  caught 
us  with  four  acres  of  corn  not  planted  and 
the  ground  got  so  hard  we  had  to  wait  for 
rain  to  plow.  I  usually  plant  corn  here 

May  1  to  10.  Being  so  late  I  got  early 
maturing  corn  from  two  neighbors,  and  to 
be  sure  to  have  a  good  stand  I  made  a 
seed  bed,  stretching  string  both  ways,  mak¬ 
ing  squares,  in  which  I  put  five  grains  of 
corn  from  each  ear  I  expected  to  use  for 
seed.  Of  one  variety  of  corn  only  nine 
grains  failed  to  germinate  of  475  planted. 
Of  another  lot  14  grains  of  450  failed  to 
germinate  ;  of  another  lot  72  grains  of  190 
did  not  come  up.  Of  a  lot  of  soup  beans 
that  I  intended  to  plant  among  missing 
sweet  potatoes  only  two  of  25  came  up.  It 
paid  to  make  the  test,  to  avoid  planting  the 
beans  and  the  ears  of  corn  that  were  not 
good  seed.  I  am  working  longer  hours  and 
harder  than  I  did  in  the  city,  but  hope  to 
have  it  easier  in  a  few  years ;  we  have  bet¬ 
ter  health  than  we  did  in  city  and  would 
not  go  back  to  city  life. 

Gloucester  Co.,  N.  J.  w.  w.  winchell. 

Three  Days  in  Western  New  York. 

Thursday,  June  8. — Got  up  about  five 
o’clock,  did  the  chores  and  ate  breakfast. 
Iliched  on  to  the  roller  and  finished  rolling 
the  corn  ground.  Mr.  Lucas  came  and 
drilled  in  our  corn,  four  acres  Pride  of  the 
North  and  one  acre  sweet  corn.  There  is 
some  corn  around  here  up  and  cultivated,  but 
a  number  are  still  plowing  for  corn.  Mr. 
Schelieno  came  and  got  a  load  of  hay.  Hay 
brings  $13  in  the  barn  and  $16  delivered. 
Father  finished  dragging  the  sweet  corn 
land  with  the  oxen,  while  I  rolled  with 
the  horses.  At  the  present  price  of  horses 
many  are  beginning  to  appreciate  the  value 
of  a  good  yoke  of  oxen  on  the  farm.  We 
have  a  pair  of  four-year-old  oxen,  weight 
about  2,500  pounds,  that  we  bought  a 
short  time  ago  for  $140,  loss  than  the  price 
of  one  good  horse.  If  the  weather  is  not 
too  hot  they  will  do  nearly  as  much  work 
as  a  team  of  horses,  and  it  costs  less  than 
one-third  as  much  to  keep  them  as  it  does 
horses.  At  present  they  are  working  every 
day  and  have  not  had  any  grain  or  hay  in 
a  month,  yet  they  are  keeping  in  good 
rig.  After  the  corn  was  in,  I  rolled  part 
of  the_  land,  which  was  very  lumpy,  after 
the  drill ;  will  follow  with  the  spike-tooth 
drag  in  a  few  days  before  the  corn  comes 
up.  Towards  night  we  loaded  up  a  load 
of  hay  aud  while  father  delivered  it  with 
the  horses  I  dragged  the  early  potatoes, 
which  are  just  coming  up,  with  the  spike- 
tooth  drag  and  plowed  a  little  with  the 
oxen.  Turned  the  oxen  out  to  grass  and 
did  the  chores  at  night. 

Friday,  June  9.— Father  cultivated  all 
day  for  Mr.  Lucas  with  the  horses  and  the 
sulky  cultivator.  I  picked  up  some  stones 
and  drew  out  some  well-rotted  manure 
with  the  oxen.  I  made  about  200  hills 
and  planted  melons,  squash,  and  cucum¬ 
bers.  Made  some  morn  garden  and  hoed 
part  of  what  was  already  in  and  up. 
Nothing  gives  bigger  returns  for  the  labor 
spent  than  a  good  garden  on  the  farm. 

Saturday,  June  10. — Father  went  to 
town  to  get  a  horse  shod  and  the  tires 
on  the  spring  wagon  set.  I  yoked  up  the 
oxen  and  plowed  till  he  got  back  ;  weeded 
garden  while  the  oxen  stopped  to  breathe. 
Fixed  fence  about  an  hour  after  dinner, 
and  plowed  for  buckwheat  the  rest  of  the 
afternoon  and  floated  it  down.  It  is  very 
dry  here,  too  dry  to  plow  advantageously. 
Timothy  looks  the  worst  in  years,  not 
over  one-third  crop  of  hay  will  be  cut  any 
where  around  here.  Oats  look  pretty  good, 
but  need  rain.  I  increased  acreage  of 
corn  due  to  shortage  in  the  hay  crop. 
Fruit  looks  pretty  good,  lots  of'  grapes 
and  cherries,  some  apples,  plums  and 
peaches.  c.  c.  clement. 

Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y. 


710 


June  24, 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day, 

.SUPPOSE  YOU  TRY  SMILING 
Your  burden  is  heavy,  I  haven’t  a  doubt. 
But  others  have  loads  they  must  carry 
about. 

And  they  are  not  whining. 

Some  people  are  glad  if  but  half  of  the  way 
Lies  out  of  the  shadow,  or  part  of  the  day 

They  see  the  sun  shining. 

Suppose  you  try  smiling. 

I  know  you  are  lonely,  but  other  hearts 
ache, 

And  bravely  refuse  to  be  bitter  or  break 

Because  of  life’s  sorrow. 

They  think  of  the  joy  in  the  land  far  away, 
And  hasten  the  slow  passing  hours  of  to¬ 
day 

With  hopes  of  to-morrow. 

Suppose  you  try  smiling. 

This  funny  old  world  is  a  mirror,  you  know, 
Turn  its  way  with  a  sneer,  or  face  of  a  foe, 

And  you  will  see  trouble, 

But  meet  it  with  laughter  and  looks  full 
of  cheer, 

And  back  will  come  sunshine  and  love  true 
and  dear, 

Your  blessings  to  double. 

Suppose  you  trying  smiling. 

All  places  are  open  to  those  who  arc  glad, 
Too  many  lack  courage,  too  many  are  sad, 

Those  near  you  noed  cheering. 

So  sing  with  your  burden,  the  way  is  not 
long, 

And  if  you  look  upward  your  heart  will 
grow  strong. 

And  the  skies  will  be  clearing. 

Suppose  you  try  smiling. 

— Myra  Goodwin  Plants!,  in  Catholic  Stand¬ 
ard  and  Times. 

* 

A  small  towel,  with  a  tape  loop  that 
will  slip  over  the  apron  band,  will  save 
steps  in  the  kitchen  when  doing  work 
that  -compels  frequent  rinsing  of  the 
hands,  just  as  the  waitress  in  the  dairy 
lunch  room  wears  a  towel  attached  to 
her  apron  band  for  wiping  tables.  When 
the  hands  are  in  and  out  of  water  a 
dozen  times  in  an  hour  many  steps  are 
saved  by  the  ever-ready  towel. 

4 

There  are  a  good  many  “Hope 
Barms”  scattered  throughout  the  coun¬ 
try,  for  many  of  our  friends  have  used 
that  name  out  of  compliment  to  the  Hope 
Farm  so  familiar  to  R.  N.-Y.  readers. 
A  very  interesting  Hope  Farm  that  fills 
a  unique  place  is  at  Verbank  in  Dutchess 
County,  N.  Y.  This  is  a  protectory  for 
Protestant  children,  where  they  receive 
both  academic  and  industrial  training. 
The  boys  at  this  Hope  Farm  are  being 
instructed  especially  in  poultry  raising 
and  fruit  growing  and  it  is  said  that, 
within  a  few  years,  a  material  income 
is  expected  from  these  industries.  We 
cannot  think  of  any  better  training  for 
dependent  children  than  that  given  in 
wholesome  farm  life,  and  without  doubt 
this  Hope  Farm  also  is  laying  the 
foundations  of  wholesome  citizenship. 

* 

Among  the  changes  in  shoe  lasts  we 
find  a  disposition  to  cut  the  arch  much 
higher  than  formerly.  There  is  no 
doubt  many  women  have  suffered  from 
broken  arch  or  flat  foot  as  a  result  of 
those  straight,  low-heeled  shoes  that 
have  been  held  up  to  us  as  a  really 
sensible  style.  It  is  true  that  they  fit 
some  feet,  but  not  all,  and  most  normal 
feet  are  more  comfortable  if  the  arch  is 
cut  high  enough  to  give  support,  so  that 
heel,  arch  and  ball  of  the  foot  are  all 
evenly  supported.  Short  shoes  are  said 
to  be  one  cause  of  broken  arch,  and  cer¬ 
tainly  nothing  could  be  worse  for  the 
general  comfort.  Wherever  there  is  the 
least  suspicion  of  a  broken  arch,  as 
shown  by  cramps  and  pains  suggestive 
of  rheumatism  in  leg  and  ankle,  as  well 
as  discomfort  in  the  foot  itself,  there  is 
immediate  need  for  the  arch  support,  a 
little  appliance  adjustable  to  any  shoe, 
and  costing  $1.50  to  $2  the  pair.  Many 
women,  much  on  their  feet,  whose  con¬ 
stant  complaint  it  is  that  their  feet 
“ache  like  a  toothache,”  could  be  won¬ 
derfully  relieved  by  wearing  these  sup¬ 
ports.  There  are  many  cases,  too,  where 
the  trouble  is  increased  by  wearing  old, 
ill-fitting  shoes  run  over  at  the  heel, 


THE  RURAL 


NEW-YORKER 


which  throw  the  foot  into  a  position 
where  it  does  not  bear  the  weight  evenly. 
The  mere  fact  that  a  shoe  is  loose  does 
not  make  it  comfortable,  if  it  compels 
the  wearer  to  support  her  weight  in  an 
unnatural  or  uneven  way. 

.  * 

What  are  known  as  “soft  drinks” 
have  come  under  suspicion  of  various 
health  boards  from  time  to  time.  The 
food  and  drug  department  of  the  In¬ 
diana  State  Board  of  Health  made  an 
unusual  exhibit  recently,  a  dark  pink 
stocking,  which  had  been  dyed  in  one 
of  these  Summer  drinks.  As  a  test 
about  one-fourth  the  contents  of  the 
bottle  was  poured  into  a  bowl  and  a 
white  stocking  was  soaked  in  the  solu¬ 
tion  for  a  few  minutes.  It  came  out  a 
beautiful  pink,  except  the  heel  and  toe, 
where  other  yarn  had  been  used.  Re¬ 
peated  washings  by  the  chemist  under 
conditions  similar  to  those  used  in 
laundries  failed  to  dislodge  the  color. 
It  appeared  to  be  aniline  coloring,  used 
to  produce  the  attractive  strawberry 
color  of  the  beverage,  which  would  be 
just  about  as  desirable  to  drink  as  do¬ 
mestic  dyestuffs. 

4 

Here  is  a  sweet  potato  pancake  said 
to  be  as  delicious  as  the  sweet  potato 
pancakes  of  the  South  :  Have  ready  two 
cups  of  feathery  mashed  sweet  potatoes, 
two  large  eggs,  the  white  and  yolks 
beaten  separately;  half  a  cupful  of  sugar, 
four  generous  tablespoonfuls  of  sifted 
flour  and  enough  milk  to  make  thin  pan¬ 
cakes.  Beat  the  sugar  and  yolks  to¬ 
gether,  then  mix  them  thoroughly  with 
the  potato.  Stir  in  the  sifted  flour  and 
add  the  milk.  Fold  the  whites  of  the 
eggs  in  last  of  all,  after  whipping  them 
to  a  stiff  froth.  Spread  them  in  thin 
pancakes  upon  a  hot  griddle  greased 
with  butter  and  fry  them  until  crisp  and 
brown.  Take  care  that  they  do  not  burn. 
Turn  them  very  gently  and  carefully,  as 
they  are  delicate  and  may  break.  When 
ready  to  serve  do  not  pile  them  one 
upon  another,  as  this  makes  them  heavy. 
Serve  with  butter  immediately  after  bak¬ 
ing,  while  piping  hot. 


Boiled  Icing. 

Would  you  tell  me  liow  to  make  cooked 
icing  for  cakes?  N.  L.  w. 

For  frosting  without  eggs,  use  one 
cupful  of  granulated  sugar,  five  table¬ 
spoonfuls  of  milk;  boil  four  or  five  min¬ 
utes  till  it  threads  from  the  spoon.  Fla¬ 
vor  as  desired.  Stir  till  right  thickness 
for  spreading.  This  is  fine-grained, 
white  and  delicious.  Boiled  icing  with 
egg  is  made  as  follows:  Boil  one  cup 
of  granulated  sugar  which  has  been  dis¬ 
solved  in  one-third  cupful  of  boiling 
water,  without  stirring  until  it  forms  a 
thread  when  taken  up  on  a  skewer.  Beat 
the  white  of  one  egg  stiff,  add  cream  of 
tartar  the  size  of  a  pea,  and  then  pour 
the  boiling  syrup  over  the  egg  in  a  fine 
stream,  beating  well.  When  it  thick¬ 
ens  and  becomes  perfectly  smooth,  pour 
over  the  cake.  It  hardens  very  quicklv, 
and  must  be  put  on  before  it  becomes 
too  stiff.  A  3'ellow  icing  for  a  white 
cake  is  made  as  follows  :  Make  a  syrup  of 
one  and  one-half  cups  of  sugar  and  eight 
tablespoonfuls  water.  Boil,  when  this 
strings  from  spoon,  add  the  well-beaten 
yolks  of  three  eggs  and  continue  beating 
for  one-half  hour.  Flavor  and  pour 
thickly  over  the  cake. 

The  following  is  chocolate  cream  ic¬ 
ing,  which  is  nice  on  any  plain  cake.  Put 
on  when  cake  is  cold :  To  one  and  one- 
half-cupful  of  sugar  add  one-half  cup¬ 
ful  of  sweet  milk.  Place  on  stove  and 
cook,  after  it  begins  to  boil,  for  four 
minutes.  Do  not  stir  it.  Pour  out  on  a 
platter  and  beat  until  thick  enough  to 
spread  on  the  cake.  While  making  this 
frosting  have  one  and  one-half  square 
of  chocolate  melting,  and  after  covering 
the  cake  with  the  frosting  spread  the 
chocolate  smoothly  over  it. 


Nourishing  Dishes  Without  Meat. 

Potato  Omelet. — Grate  three  mealy 
boiled  potatoes.  Beat  in  the  yolks  of 
three  eggs,  beating  in  three  tablespoonfuls 
of  milk,  one-half  a  teaspoonful  of  salt,  a 
pinch  of  white  pepper,  and  a  tablespoon¬ 
ful  of  chopped  parsley,  and  at  the  last 
minute  the  beaten  whites,  mixing  it  all 
as  lightly  as  possible.  Put  a  tablespoon¬ 
ful  of  butter  in  a  frying  pan,  and  as  it 
boils  pour  in  the  omelet.  Let  it  brown 
on  the  bottom,  working  the  turner  in 
under  so  as  to  let  the  uncooked  part 
run  down  under.  When  blown  enough 
put  in  the  oven  and  cook  until  a  knife 
blade,  if  run  in,  will  come  out  clean. 
Then  it  will  not  fall.  Serve  like  plain 
omelet. 

Swiss  Potatoes. — Boil  eight  peeled  po¬ 
tatoes  in  boiling  salted  water.  At  the 
same  time,  in  another  saucepan,  cook 
six  white  turnips  and  add  a  teaspoon- 
ful  of  sugar.  Press  the  potatoes  through 
a  sieve  and  add  a  teaspoonful  of  butter, 
same  of  salt  and  six  shakes  of  white 
pepper  to  each  quart.  Drain  and  beat 
the  turnips  to  a  puree,  add  the  juice  of 
one-fourth  a  lemon.  Unite  the  two 
vegetables  until  well  mixed  by  beating. 
Sprinkle  grated  cheese  on  top  and  put 
the  dish  into  a  hot  oven  to  brown 
slightly. 

Deviled  Green  Onions. — Cut  into  inch 
lengths  two  bunches  young  onions.  Cook 
until  tender  in  a  pint  of  well-seasoned 
veal  stock.  Make  one  cupful  of  white 
sauce,  using  equal  quantities  of  stock 
and  milk.  When  smooth  and  thick  add 
a  saltspoonful  of  salt,  a  good  dash  of 
pepper,  two  gherkins  chopped  fine,  one- 
third  teaspoonful  dry  mustard,  two  egg 
yolks  well  beaten,  and  take  from  the 
fire.  Have  three  or  four  slices  of  toast 
arranged  in  a  shallow  baking  dish,  being 
well  buttered ;  pour  over  it  half  the 
sauce ;  add  the  drained  onions,  then  the 
remainder  of  the  sauce ;  cover  with  a 
layer  of  buttered  bread  crumbs  and 
brown  in  a  quick  oven.  This  is  very 
appetizing. 

French  Beans. — Heat  in  a  saucepan 
one  tablespoonful  of  butter,  and  stir 
into  it  one  tablespoonful  of  flour.  Pour 
in  one  cupful  of  milk,  stir  until  it  boils, 
then  add  two  cupfuls  of  boiled  string 
beans,  and  season  with  salt  and  pepper. 
When  the  beans  are  heated  through  stir 
in  the  beaten  yolks  of  two  eggs,  one 
tablespoonful  of  chopped  parsley  and 
two  tablespoonfuls  of  lemon  juice.  Stir 
up  well  till  all  is  very  hot,  then  serve 
at  once.  It  should  not  be  allowed  to 
stand. 

Hashed  Onions  on  Toast. — Bring  two 
cupfuls  of  milk  to  a  boil,  and  then  add 
six  good-sized  onions,  peeled  and 
chopped  fine.  Simmer  until  tender,  then 
add  two  tablespoonfuls  of  butter,  one 
teaspoonful  salt,  and  one-fourth  tea¬ 
spoonful  white  pepper.  Toast  six  slices 
of  bread  a  nice  brown,  butter  liberally, 
and  after  the  onion  has  simmered  a  little 
longer,  turn  out.  on  the  toast.  Garnish 
if  desired  with  sliced  hard-boiled  eggs. 
This  is  a  very  savory  emergency  dish. 


erjfcfltinc 


(For  Fashionable  Wear!) 

HERE  is  a  best  in 
everything,  and  the  best 
is  the  cheapest.  That’s 
why  you  should  insist 
on  securing  the  genuine 
Serpentine  Crepe.  Its 
•  -ft  crinkle  is  permanent. 
1  Its  beauty  and  richness 
of  texture  lasts  until 
worn  out.  It  requires 
no  ironing.  Wash,  dry 
and  shake  it  out. 
Lightens  household 
cares  I  Perhaps  the 
most  fascinatingfeature 
lies  in  the  artistic  de¬ 
signs  and  in  the  rich¬ 
ness  of  the  plain  colors 
and  tints.  There  is  an 
effective  pattern  and 
color  for  every  taste  and 
for  all  occasions..  Ser¬ 
pentine  Crepe  is  the 
product  of  the  largest 
cotton  goods  mills  in 
the  world,  and  the  high 
quality  is  guar¬ 
anteed  by  this  Pacific  Mills  trade  mark  on 

every  piece. 

Ask  your  dealer  for  Pacific  Mills  Serpen¬ 

tine  Crepe  and  refuse  cheap  substitutes  that  dis¬ 
appoint  and  do  not  wear  like  the  genuine  Serpentine 
Crepe. 

If  your  dealer  does  not  carry  Serpentine  Crepe, 
write  us  for  free  samples  and  list  of  dealers  who  will 
supply  you. 

PACIFIC  MILLS  -  BOSTON,  MASS. 


Madam,  Your 
Fruit  Canning 
Trials  are  over 
at  Last 

When  you  sweat  over 
a  hot  stove — carefully, 
carefully  stirring  that 
fruit  or  vegetable  you 
want  your  folks  to  en¬ 
joy  next  winter  —  you 
really  ought  to  put  it 
into  jars  that  you  can 
absolutely  depend  on. 

Here  is  the  jar  you 
CAN  depend  on. 

Atlas  E-Z  Seal 


Air  CAN’T  get  into  this  jar 
for  the  top  clamps  down  like 
a  vise  at  a  slight  finger  touch. 

It  opens  just  as  easily. 

Takes  fruit  and  vegetables 
whole  thru  its  large,  smooth 
mouth.  Never  cut  fruit  again. 
That  robs  it  of  much  flavor. 
Store  it  whole  in  the  E-Z 
Seal  Jar. 

This  jar  is  made  of  better 
glass  than  most  jars.  Glass 
that  is  hard  to  crack.  Think 
of  this  before  you  spend 
another  cent  on  buying  jars. 

All  the  good  qualities  of  all 
fruit  jars  are  in  this  jar.  It 
hasn’t  got  a  single  fault. 
Insist  upon  getting  it. 

Remember  the  name  “Atlas 


T*  *7  >> 


HAZEL  ATLAS  GLASS  CO. 

Wheeling,  W.  Va. 


placed  anywhere,  at* 
tract*  and  kills  all 
flics.  Neat,  clean, 
ornamental,  conven- 
Lnsts  all 
’t  spill  or 
tip  over,  will  not  soil 
or  injure  anything:. 
Guaranteed  effect- 
Of  all  dealers  or 
sent  prepaid  for  20c. 
HAROLD  HOMERS 
lf»0  De  Kalb  Ave. 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


WESHIP™APPROVAL 

•without  a  cent  deposit,  prepay  the  freight 
and  allow  10  DAYS  FREE  TRIAL. 

IT  ONLY  COSTS  one  cent  to  learn  our 

unheard  0/  prices  and  marvelous  offers 
on  highest  grade  1911  model  bicycles. 

FACTORY  PRICES  a  bicycle  or 

a  pair  of  tires  from  anyone  at  any  price 
until  you  write  for  our  large  Art  Catalog 
and  learn  our  -wonderful proposition  on  first 
sample  bicycle  going  to  your  town. 

RIDER  AGENTS  STffSTS: 

money  exhibiting  and  selling  our  bicycle*. 
Wo  Sell  cheaper  than  any  other  factory. 

TIRES,  Coaster-Brake  rear  whoelo, 

lamp*,  repairs  and  all  sundries  at  Hal/  usual  pric*s. 
Do  Not  Walt;  write  today  for  «ux  special  offer. 

MEAD  CYCLE  CO.,  Dept.  A80  CHICAO# 


FUMA 


Prairie  Dogs, 

“  “  H  ™  Woodchucks,  Gophers, 

and  Grain  Insects. 
“Tiie  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small."  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

gw-uh  “Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  ”aarse  doing8 

EDYVAKD  It.  TAYLOlt,  I’enn  Yan,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


711 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  patterns  and  measurements 
desired. 

The  first  group  of  patterns  includes 
7017,  blouse  with  body  and  sleeves  in 
one,  with  V-shaped  neck,  with  or  with¬ 
out  collar.  34  to  42  bust.  7028,  girl’s 
dress,  8,  10  and  12  years.  7019,  semi¬ 
princess  dress  for  misses  and  small 


women,  14,  16  and  18  years.  7030,  child’s 
coat,  with  square  or  round  collar,  with 
or  without  shield,  2,  4  and  6  years. 
7010,  four-gored  skirt,  with  side  gores 
in  two  sections  with  or  without  trimming 
on  front  and  back  gores,  with  high  or 
natural  waist  line.  22  to  30  waist.  1 
The  second  group  shows  7029,  tucked 
negligee  with  sleeves  that  can  be  left 
loose  or  gathered  into  bands.  34  to  44 
bust.  7022,  girl's  dress,  with  simulated 
bolero  and  straight  gathered  skirt,  to 
be  made  with  square  or  high  neck,  with 
or  without  lining.  8,  10  and  12  years. 


7036,  semi-princess  gown  closing  at  side 
front,  with  six-gored  skirt,  with  or  with¬ 
out  fancy  collar,  with  elbow  or  long 
sleeves.  34  to  44  bust.  7027,  six-gored 
skirt  for  misses  and  small  women,  with 
straight  flounce,  forming  inverted  plaits 
at  side  of  front  and  back  gores,  with 
high  or  natural  waist  line.  14,  16  and 
18  years,  7014,  child’s  dress,  6  months,  1, 
2  and  4  years.  Price  of  each  pattern  10 
cents. 


Veal  Stew  in  Fireless  Cooker. — Take 
one  and  one-half  pounds  of  veal  cut  for 
stewing,  season  with  salt  and  pepper, 
and  brown  in  two  tablespoonfuls  of  hot 
drippings  in  which  two  tablespoonfuls  of 
minced  onions  have  simmered.  When 
well  browned  add  enough  water  to  well 
cover  the  meat,  and  add  to  this  as 
many  sliced  potatoes  as  are  needed  for 
the  family ;  cover  tightly  and  bring  to 
the  boiling  point ;  let  boil  about  10  min¬ 
utes,  then  pack  in  fireless  cooker,  cover 
well.  It  should  have  seven  hours  in 
cooker.  When  ready  to  serve,  bring  to 
boiling  point  on  stove,  thicken  with  flour 
and  add  a  little  catsup  or  Worcestershire 
sauce. 


7HE  RURAb 
Charity  Sweetheart’s  Letter. 

The  other  Sunday  I  felt  particularly 
blue,  for  it  does  seem  as  if  my  life  was 
wearing  away  without  much  to  show  for 
it,  and  someway  I  always  feel  lonesome 
on  Sundays.  Perhaps  it  may  be  because 
there  is  more  time  to  think  about  things, 
and  worry  over  our  small  grievances, 
but  I  do  not  believe  that  is  all  the  rea¬ 
son.  In  the  old  days,  while  ’Mother 
lived,  we  went  to  church  in  the  morn¬ 
ing,  and  the  afternoon  was  always  rest¬ 
ful  ;  then  after  supper  we  had  singing 
and  pleasant  talk  altogether,  and  bed¬ 
time  came  too  soon.  But  now  I  am  left 
with  plenty  of  time  to  think  things  over, 
unless  some  one  is  sick  and  needs 
“Auntie,”  or  the  young  people  have 
company,  that  causes  extra  dishes  and 
more  work.  But  I  began  to  tell  about 
that  Sunday,  for  as  I  sat  thinking  of 
my  troubles,  and  feeling  real  lonesome, 
I  happened  to  see  a  bit  in  a  farm  paper 
that  suited  my  case.  It  told  of  a  farmer 
who  had  plowed  around  a  rock  for  five 
years,  and  once  broke  his  mowing  ma¬ 
chine  knife  against  it.  All  that  time  he 
did  not  attempt  to  remove  it,  but  finally 
decided  when  plowing  for  corn  that  he 
would  take  a  crowbar  and  find  if  it  was 
very  large  and  deep  in  the  ground.  He 
found  it  was  standing  on  its  edge  and 
only  two  feet  long,  while  it  was  so  light ' 
that  it  could  be  lifted  into  a  wagon 
without  help.  I  thought  a  good  deal 
about  it  after  reading,  and  it  seemed  like 
many  of  our  troubles;  the  first  time  we 
look  them  square  in  the  face  they  are 
half  conquered.  So  I  made  up  my  mind 


NEW-YORKER 

that  after  plowing  round  my  despon¬ 
dency,  and  the  feeling  that  I  worked 
hard  and  was  not  appreciated,  I  would 
rout  it  out. 

The  Spring  was  so  short  that  there 
are  many  things  undone  that  ought  to 
have  been  done,  and  will  stare  me  in  the 
face  all  Summer,  but  when  the  season 
leaps  at  one  bound  from  Winter  into 
Summer,  it  is  hard  to  catch  up.  We 
hardly  saw  the  hyacinths  and  Narcissus, 
for  just  as  they  opened  a  breath  of  hot 
wind  came  for  several  days  and  scorched 
them,  and  alas  for  the  dear  sweet  things, 
it  will  be  a  whole  year  before  they  pass 
this  way  again.  . 

I  think  part  of  one’s  despondent  feel¬ 
ing  as  we  go  along  depends  upon  our 
prosperity  or  otherwise,  and  mine  can  be 
traced  to  the  failure  in  the  profit  I  ex¬ 
pected  to  make  from  green  peas  that  I 
grew  specially  for  some  of  the  boarders 
in  the  hotels  ’round  about.  Such  a  time 
as  I  had  getting  the  land  put  in  order, 
and  after  they  were  in  the  ground  the 
hens  found  them  out,  and  left  gaps  in 
the  rows.  The  wire  and  stakes  cost  me 
a  good  deal  of  trouble  to  put  in,  and  I 
did  not  like  to  trust  altogether  to  the 
dwarfs,  but  took  Gradus  for  early,  then 
American  Wonder  and  several  of  the 
late  Marrowfats  that  had  to  be  staked. 
After  I  had  picked  and  shelled  them  the 
boarding  house  people  thought  them 
only  worth  25  cents  a  quart,  and  it 
took  so  long  to  get  that  quart  through 
all  the  stages  of  growth  and  ready  for 
the  measure.  So  I  found  my  afternoon 
fancy  work  rather  a  toil  after  all,  and 


sat  a  good  deal  of  the  time  counting  up 
my  labor  at  the  price  we  pay  for  hired 
help,  and  feeling  underpaid.  Sometimes 
my  thoughts  would  wander  to  the  people 
who  have  nothing  to  do  but  eat  them. 
I  heard  a  remark  passed  that  the  last 
place  to  look  for  fresh  vegetables  was 
at  a  farmer’s  dinner  table,  but  it  is  a 
libel  without  any  foundation,  and  I 
said  so  one  day  to  one  of  our  well-to-do 
farmer’s  wives.  She  smiled  at  me  and 
said : 

“My  dear  Charity  Sweetheart,  I  for 
one  must  plead  guilty  of  keeping  a  good 
supply  of  canned  vegetables  handy, 
though  I  know  they  do  not  taste  the 
same  as  when  freshly  picked  from  the 
garden.  But  we  are  so  overburdened 
and  troubled  about  many  things,  and 
there  is  a  ready  cash  market  for  such 
vegetables  straight  from  the  ground,  we 
get  enough  of  the  out-of-doors  without 
having  to  run  out  for  every  vegetable 
we  need.”  I  interrupted  her  rather 
rudely  I  am  afraid  for  I  said: 

“You  should  be  thankful  they  are 
there  to  run  for;  it  would  be  good  for 
you  to  be  for  awhile  where  you  couldn’t 
get  any.  Why,  this  Spring  there  was 
the  greatest  difference  between  the  as¬ 
paragus  I  cut  right  out  of  the  bed,  and 
if  I  cooked  some  that  had  been  left 
over  the  day  before,  and  we  all  know 
the  freshness  of  newly  plucked  corn 
straight  from  the  field  or  garden  to  the 
pot;  it  has  a  sweetness  that  is  lost  in  a 
few  hours.”  If  some  of  these  scientific 
men  could  tell  us  how  to  retain  this 
freshness  it  would  he  a  blessing,  but 
when  wilted  and  flabby  we  feel  that  the 
virtue  has  gone  out  of  them. 

CHARITY  SWEETHEART. 


( A  short  human-interest  story  written  by  C.  IV.  Post  for  the  Postum  Cereal  Co..  Ltd.) 

Some  Day  Ask 

Your  Physician 


To  tell  you  the  curious  story  of  hou)  the  mind 
affects  the  digestion  of  food. 

/  refer  to  the  condition  the  mind  is  in,  just 
before ,  at  the  time ,  or  just  following  the  tak¬ 
ing  of  food. 

If  he  has  been  properly  educated  ( the 
majority  have)  he  will  help  you  understand 
the  curious  machinery  of  digestion. 

To  start  you  thinking  on  this  interesting 
subject,  I  will  try  to  lay  out  the  plan  in  a 
general  way  and  you  can  then  follow  into 
more  minute  details. 

Pawlow  (pronounce  Pavloff)  a  famous  Russian  Phy¬ 
sician  and  Chemist,  experimenting  on  some  dogs,  cut  into 
the  tube  leading  from  the  throat  to  the  stomach. 

They  were  first  put  under  chloroform  or  some  other 
anaesthetic  and  the  operation  was  painless.  They  were 
kept  for  months  in  very  good  condition. 

When  quite  hungry  some  un-appetizing  food  was  placed 
before  them  and,  although  hunger  forced  them  to  eat,  it 
was  shown  by  analysis  of  the  contents  of  the  stomach  that 
little  if  any  of  the  digestive  juices  were  found. 

Then,  in  contrast,  some  raw  meat  was  put  where  they 
couldn’t  reach  it  at  once,  and  a  little  time  allowed  for  the 
minds  .of  the  dogs  to  "anticipate”  and  create  an  appetite. 
When  the  food  was  finally  given  them,  they  devoured  it 
ravenously  and  with  every  evidence  of  satisfaction.  The 
food  was  passed  out  into  a  dish  through  the  opening  before 
it  reached  the  stomach.  It  was  found  to  be  mixed  with 
“Ptyalin,”  the  alkaline  juice  of  the  mouth,  which  is  impor¬ 
tant  for  the  first  step  in  digestion.  Then  an  analysis  was 
made  of  the  contents  of  the  stomach,  into  which  no  food 
had  entered.  It  was  shown  that  the  digestive  fluids  of 


stomach  were  flowing  freely,  exactly  as  if  the  desirable 
food  had  entered. 

This  proved  that  it  was  not  the  presence  of  food  which 
caused  the  digestive  juices  to  flow,  but  the  flow  was  caused 
entirely  and  alone  as  a  result  of  the  action  of  the  mind, 
from  “anticipation.” 

One  dog  continued  to  eat  the  food  he  liked  for  over  an 
hour,  believing  he  was  getting  it  into  his  stomach,  whereas 
not  an  ounce  went  there;  every  particle  went  out  through 
the  opening  and  yet  all  this  time  the  digestive  juices  flowed 
to  the  stomach,  prepared  to  quickly  digest  food,  in  response 
to  the  curious  orders  of  the  mind. 

Do  you  pick  up  the  lesson? 

Un-appetizing  food,  that  which  fails  to  create  mental 
anticipation,  does  not  cause  the  necessary  digestive  juices  to 
flow,  whereas,  food  that  is  pleasing  to  the  sight  and  hence 
to  the  mind  will  cause  the  complicated  machinery  of  the 
body  to  prepare  in  a  wonderful  way  for  its  digestion. 

How  natural,  then,  to  reason  that  one  should  sit  down 
to  a  meal  in  a  peaceful,  happy  state  of  mind  and  start  off 
the  breakfast  say,  with  some  ripe  delicious  fruit,  then  fol¬ 
low  with  a  bowl  of  crisp,  lightly  browned,  thin  bits  of  corn 
like  Post  Toasties,  add  a  sprinkle  of  sugar  and  some  good 
yellow  cream  and  the  attractive,  appetizing  picture  cannot 
escape  your  eye  and  will  produce  the  condition  of  mind 
which  causes  the  digestive  juices  nature  has  hidden  in 
mouth  and  stomach,  to  come  forth  and  do  their  work. 

These  digestive  juices  can  be  driven  back  by  a  mind 
oppressed  with  worry,  hate,  anger  or  dislike  of  the  dis¬ 
agreeable  appearance  of  food  placed  before  one. 

Solid  facts  that  are  worthy  the  attention  of  anyone 
who  esteems  prime  health  and  human  happiness  as  a  valu¬ 
able  asset  in  the  game  of  life. 


“There’s  a  Reason"  for  saying  “The  Memory  Lingers ”  when  breakfast  is 
started  with  POST  TOASTIES. 


713 


‘\TtiE  RURAIb  NE5W»YOEiKiEJQ 


June  24, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

A  GOOD  MILK  DAIRY. 

On  page  642  P.  G.  tells  of  a  good 
milk  dairy.  I  would  say  yes,  the  rest 
of  us  are  way  behind  the  times.  I  cut 
out  that  clipping  last  Winter.  I  see 
nothing  unreasonable  in  the  statement,  it 
only  shows  what  can  be  done.  I  set  my 
mind  on  just  such  a  dairy  three  years 
ago.  I  am  milking  my  first  heifers  this 
season,  and  time  will  tell  how  well  I  suc¬ 
ceed.  But  the  point  I  want  to  bring  out 
is,  why  will  a  dairy  farmer  insist  on 
going  it  blind?  You  can  go  in  nearly 
any  dairy  barn  and  see  him  milk  a  full 
pail  from  one  cow  and  two  or  maybe 
three  in  the  next,  and  all  fresh  about  the 
same  time.  Some  will  laugh  at  this, 
but  I  have  both  seen  and  done  it  my¬ 
self  many  times,  and  this  very  thing  is 
pulling  many  a  dairyman  back  to-day. 
Why  wait?  Try  keeping  a  record  of 
your  dairy  and  see  how  soon  you  will 
sell  or  give  away  those  poor  cows.  It 
costs  the  same  to  keep  them  that  it  does 
the  good  ones.  Why  milk  three  cows 
for  one  cow’s  milk?  Why  call  a  man 
a  liar  because  he  does  what  you  can¬ 
not?  There  are  many  strange  things 
in  this  world.  I  would  like  to  hear 
from  some  of  the  good  dairymen  of 
The  R.  N.-Y.  I  have  a  cow  due  to 
freshen  August  4  giving  20  to  22  pounds 
of  milk  a  day  with  no  signs  of  letting 
up.  Some  claim  a  cow  should  go  dry 
two  months  at  least.  I  have  got  to 
stable  and  starve  this  cow  or  feed  her 
well  and  let  her  milk  what  she  will.  I 
say  give  her  good  care  and  feed.  Am  I 
right?  F.  P. 

Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y. 

R.  N.-Y. — Mr.  F.  D.  Kershaw,  who 
owns  the  dairy  in  question,  sends  us  the 
following: 

In  your  issue  of  June  3  P.  G.,  of 
Fulton,  N.  Y.,  seems  to  question  the 
veracity  of  the  report  of  my  dairy  for 
1910  which  I  sent  M.  R.  Dyer,  of  Syra¬ 
cuse,  and  printed  in  Syracuse  Post- 
Standard.  As  P.  G.  resides  but  a 
few  miles  north  of  Syracuse,  and  I  am 
located  17  miles  south,  if  he  will  come 
to  Syracuse  and  take  the  Syracuse  and 
Suburban  R.  R.  to  Edwards  Falls,  I 
will  be  glad  to  meet  him,  and  pay  his 
expenses  from  Syracuse  here  and  re¬ 
turn,  if  I  do  not  convince  him  that  the 
herd  did  all  that  is  claimed  for  them.  I 
will  also  show  him  herds  that  paid  their 
owners  from  $120  to  $145  each.  Mr. 
Dyer  submitted  your  letter  to  me  for 
further  report,  but  I  have  no  desire  to' 
answer  because  three  years  ago  I  sent 
you  a  report  of  same  herd  and  was 
called  everything  but  a  truthful  man, 
and  it  opened  up  so  much  correspond¬ 
ence  that  I  was  tempted  never  to  re¬ 
port  again.  If  the  gentleman  from  Ful¬ 
ton  (P.  G.)  will  call  on  me  I  will  show 
him  my  books  and  verify  my  figures  for 
him.  I  will  also  show  him  how  I  re¬ 
ceived  a  gross  income  of  $33.13  per  acre 
from  my  farm  in  1910,  $21.72  per  acre 
in  1909,  $23.80  per  acre  in  1908 ;  that  is 
for  each  and  every  acre.  I  would  not 
mind  taking  up  the  controversy  if  I  had 
the  time,  but  I  am  very  busy. 

_ P.  D.  KERSHAW. 

MILK. 

The  Now  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.31 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  2%  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-ccnt  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


Milk  producers  throughout  New  England 
are  much  interested  in  the  case  which  the 
Federal  Government  claims  to  have  against 
the  milk  contractors,  the  railroads  and  the 
secretary  of  the  milk  producers’  association. 
The  general  information  is  that  the  prose¬ 
cution  is  in  earnest  and  that  it  will  be 
pushed  to  the  end.  This  may  involve  con¬ 
ditions  which  will  make  it  difficult  to  ob¬ 
tain  conclusive  evidence.  The  jury  in  a  case 
of  this  kind  may  not  be  with  the  prosecu¬ 
tion.  The  violation  of  the  Sherman  law  in 
this  case  apparently  consists  in  the  combi¬ 
nation  of  the  three  great  milk  contractors 
who  are  said  to  control  86  per  cent  of  the 
milk  entering  Boston.  The  charge  will  no 
doubt  be  that  this  combination  was  made 
in  order  to  fix  a  lower  price  for  the  pur¬ 
chase  and  a  high  price  for  the  retail  sale 
of  milk.  The  New  England  milk  producers 
generally  believe  that  this  is  what  the  com¬ 
bination  was  made  for.  The  secretary  of  the 
milk  producers  company  has  also  been  in¬ 
dicted.  The  charges  made  against  him 
are  not  generally  understood  nor  is  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  dragging  the  producers  into  the  case 
understood.  This  trial  when  it  comes  about 
will  be  most  important.  Evidently  a  move 
is  to  be  made  against  the  milk  producers’ 
company.  This  will  involve  the  right  of 
producers  to  do  what  others  have  been 
doing,  that  is  organize  for  the  protection  of 
their  interests.  If  such  a  company  as  these 
producers  have  formed  could  be  success¬ 
fully  prosecuted  under  the  Sherman  act, 
then  the  whole  cooperative  movement  now 
gaining  grounds  in  this  country  will  be  in¬ 
terfered  with.  There  may  come  a  chance 
for  the  court  to  construe  an  aggressive 
combination  like  that  of  the  milk  contrac¬ 
tors  is  “unreasonable”  while  a  defensive 
combination  like  that  of  the  producers  is 
reasonable. 


The  people  around  here  are  very  much 
discouraged  about  the  milk  business.  We 
are  now  getting  77  cents  for  a  40-quart 
can ;  last  month  we  received  87  cents.  The 
regular  road  price  here  is  three  cents  higher 
than  we  receive.  Our  station  is  three 
miles  from  a  railroad  so  the  product  is 
taken  over  with  teams  and  three  cents  per 
can  is  taken  for  drawing.  Part  of  the 
time  the  milk  is  made  up  here  at  the  fac¬ 
tory  into  potcheese  and  cream  and  when¬ 
ever  there  is  a  shortage  of  milk,  the  milk 
is  shipped  to  Brooklyn.  We  are  now  hav- 
insr  another  inspection  of  the  dairies  and 
all  who  do  not  score  35  on  methods  are 
given  10  days  to  bring  their  score  up  to  35 
points  or  stop  drawing  milk.  In  Canastota 
the  consumer  is  paying  six  cents  per  quart. 

Canastota,  N.  Y.  n.  f.  c. 


The  milk  is  mostly  peddled  by  the  farm¬ 
ers  themselves.  We  have  but  one  dealer 
who  buys  his  milk.  He  pays  from  12  to  16 
cents  per  gallon.  Milk  sells  at  retail  at 
seven  cents  per  quart  in  Winter  and  from 
to  6 14  in  Summer;  by  the  gallon  to  ho¬ 
tels  and  restaurants  at  18  to  20  cents  per 
gallon.  Butter  retails  from  25  to  35  cents 
per  pound,  depending  on  the  season.  Some 
farmers  furnish  it  by  the  year  at  30  cents. 
Old  hens  sell  at  10  cents  per  pound  to  the 
meat  market,  live  weight.  H.  s.  j. 

Iowa  City,  Iowa. 


There  is  but  very  little  milk  handled 
here,  none  shipped  out.  The  town  is  sup¬ 
plied  by  farmers  near  at  eight  cents  per 
quart.  The  farmers  farther  away  make 
butter,  and  sell  in  the  town,  but  the  stores 
only  pay  in  trade,  from  20  to  30  cents  per 
pound.  We  have  been  trying  to  get  a 
creamery  established  here,  but  have  not 
made  it  out  yet.  I  believe  milk  might  be 
shipped  from  here  to  Norfolk,  as  milk 
there  is  scarce  and  high.  This  is  a  good 
milk  producing  section,  if  there  was  a  good 
outlet  so  there  would  be  some  inducement 
for  farmers  to  go  into  the  business.  There 
are  a  great  number  of  fowls  raised  here, 
but  the  stores  only  pay  in  trade  for  eggs 
and  fowls,  so  the  most  of  the  farmers  that 
raise  in  large  numbers  ship  their  own  eggs 
and  poultry  to  commission  men  in  Phila- 
delphia^,and  New  York.  I\  e.  x. 

M  a  ry  land . 

THE  BELLOWS  MILK  CASE. 

In  regard  to  the  Bellows  milk  case,  it  is 
no  matter  how  many  times  the  case  is 
appealed,  each  court  will  decide  in  favor  of 
the  Board  of  Health  of  New  York  City  or 
any  other  city.  I  said  that  on  the  starting 
of  the  suit,  and  the  dairymen  must  bow 
to  the  gods  of  New  York  City  if  they  wish 
to  furnish  milk  to  the  city. 

Ucl.  Co.,  N.  Y.  E.  E.  STEBBINS. 

Mr.  Bellows  asks  the  opinion  of  your¬ 
selves  and  readers.  The  merits  of  the 
matter  I  know  nothing  about,  but  under¬ 
stand  it  is  an  action  between  him  and  the 
Board  of  Health  of  New  York  City,  that  it 
has  been  to  the  Appellate  Division,  and  he 
has  been  beaten,  and  is  thinking  of  appeal¬ 
ing  to  the  Court  of  Appeals.  My  advice  is 
don’t  do  it.  Why  not?  1  will  try  to  tell 
in  a  few  words.  The  constitution  of  our 
State  is  nowhere  in  sight  of  any  of  its 
promulgators  where  boards  of  health  are 
concerned.  You  can  plead  your  rights  of 
liberty  and  pursuit  of  happiness,  and  due 
proceeds  of  law.  They  are  not  in  it  I  am 
sorry  to  say,  if  the  little  gun  called  “police 
power  of  the  State”  is  invoked,  unless  there 
are  millions  invested  in  the  business  af¬ 
fected,  or  thousands  of  individual  parties 
to  the  action.  Mr.  Bellows  is  nowhere  in 
this  action.  Let  him  ask  his  attorney  to 
tell  him  what  the  police  power  means,  and 
what  the  courts  are  doing  in  cases  where 
this  power  is  being  invoked,  and  he  will 
have  a  better  idea  and  more  respect  for 
the  board  of  health  and  its  powers,  will 
wonder  what  our  constitution  was  written 
for,  whereabouts  our  courts  are  drifting, 
and  what  is  going  to  become  of  the  indi¬ 
vidual.  Mr.  Bellows  must  learn  that  might 
makes  right  to-day.  What  it  will  do  to¬ 
morrow  don’t  know,  and  if  he  has  made  a 
mistake  and  got  hold  of  the  soiled  end 
of  the  stick,  drop  it  and  forget  it,  and  try 
a  different  method  with  the  board  of 
health.  The  method  1  shall  not  suggest, 
but  if  the  board  of  health  presents  any 
obstructions  to  his  business,  if  he  or  his 
friends  can’t  argue  it  away,  back  right  out 
and  leave  it  alone,  and  come  up  from  an¬ 
other  direction,  but  let  the  law  show  where 
the  board  is  concerned.  I  don’t  know 
what  it  is  myself,  and  could  only  tell  by 
thrashing  it  out,  and  I  would  not  undertake 
that  unless  it  was  a  case  where  there  were 
millions  involved.  Then  I  should  expect 
the  court  to  say,  too  much  money  for  the 
police  power  in  this  case.  I  have  given  Mr. 
Bellows  my  views  of  the  matter,  not  the 
merits.  I  have  tried  to  answer  his  cry  not 
in  the  way  he  would  like  to  have  me  an¬ 
swer,  but  as  the  way  it  will  end  an  appeal. 

Cayuga  Co.,  N.  Y.  j.  bosenckanz. 


“Adulterated”  Milk. — At  a  recent  trial 
for  adulteration  of  milk  the  facts  presented 
to  the  jury  were  as  follows:  The  inspector 
tested  the  milk  with  the  Babcock  test,  find¬ 
ing  only  2.8  per  cent  butter  fat.  Four  days 
after  he  made  a  test  at  the  man’s  barn,  re¬ 
sulting  in  4.04  per  cent  butter  fat.  He  left 
similar  samples  as  required  by  law  with 
the  defendant  and  took  similar  samples  to 
the  State  chemist  for  a  retest  by  the  Adams 
test,  who  found  in  the  first  sample  9.17  per 
cent  total  solids  with  2.83  per  cent  fat.  The 
barn  sample  tested  13.24  per  cent  total 
solids,  4.23  per  cent  fat.  These  tests  were 
all  made  while  the  milk  was  sweet  and  be¬ 
fore  fermentation  had  taken  place.  The 
defendant  took  his  samples  to  the  chemist  of 
the  School  of  Technology  at  Potsdam,  N.  lr., 
but  in  the  meanwhile  the  milk  had  become 
sour  though  there  was  no  evidence  offered 
that  any  suspicion  of  tampered  milk  was 
aroused.  This  test  was  by  the  Babcock 
test.  In  the  factory  test  there  was  found 
11.8  per  cent  total  solids  and  4.2  per  cent 
fat.  The  barn  sample  showed  13.07  per 
cent  solid  and  3.04  per  cent  fat.  There 
was  a  difference  of  opinion  between  the  ex¬ 
perts  when  asked  in  court  if  the  souring 
of  the  milk  would  make  any  difference  in 
the  fat  content  as  shown  by  the  Babcock 
test,  and  they  flatly  contradicted  each 
other.  This  milk  had  a  legal  examination  ; 
there  was  no  question  that  it  did  not  con¬ 
form  to  State  requirements  according  to 
the  manner  and  method  of  proof  adopted  by 
the  station,  consequently  the  man  was  fined. 
Even  the  jury  was  obliged  to  accept  the 
State  version  of  the  affair,  which  the  court 
evidently  accepted  with  a  reservation,  as  it 
imposed  a  fine  of  $50.  Right  or  wrong, 
there  is  evidently  something  to  be  improved 
in  the  State  management  of  this  class  of 
criminal  cases.  e.  e.  i. 


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DIRT 

out  off  the 

Milk 


You  can’t 
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out— keep 
it  out. 


One  rtilk  pail  and  only  one  will  do  it.  Milk  goes 
through  the  strainer  cloth  into  the  pail,  untainted, 
while  the  dirt  shelf  catches  all  the  dirt  from  the 


Sterilac  Milk  Pail 


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You  will  never  give  it  up  if  you  try  it. 

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sanitary  milking  pail  that  ever  got  the  approval  of 
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of,  easy  to  clean,  and,  above  all,  it  keeps  milk 
pure.  Best  way  to  keep  milk  from  souring,  surest 
way  to  keep  out  of  trouble  with  Boards  of  Health 
and  Milk  Commissions.  Price  $2.50.  Ask  your 
dealer.  If  he  hasn’t  it  we  will  send  trial  pail  pre- 


STERILAC  COMPANY,  &  Merchants  Row.  Boston,  Mass. 


Kills  All  Ticks 

ONE  DIPPING 


►  64  years  experience  prove  truth  of  this 
statement.  Every  tick  and  nit  absolutely 
destroyed  if  you  use 

Cooper  Dip 

The  only  dip  that  kills  ALL  ticksln  ONE  dipping— 
Cooper’s  Is  sure  scab  destroyer.  Increases  growth 
and  Improves  quality  of  wool .  Perfect  skin  tonic. 
Results  considered  Is  cheapest  dip  on  market.  Used 
on  300  million  sheep  annually.  Handsomo  Calen¬ 
dar  and  booklet  free  It’  you  mention  this  paper. 

Prices:  25  gal.  pkt.  50c  100  gal.  pkt.  $1.75 

Ask  your  druggist  or  write 

SCIIIEFFELIN  &  CO. 

,  170  Williams  Street  New  York  City, 


SES 


ERGHERON 

STALLIONS  and  MARES 

Impoited  and  home-bred.  The  best  lot  ever 
shown  in  this  country.  Quality,  price,  guarantee  right. 
For  30  years  an  importer  and  breeder  of  prize  winners. 

ELWOOD  S.  AKIN 
170  South  Street,  Auburn,  N.  T. 


Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 

at  farmers'  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station.  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O. 


YOUNG  MEN  WANTED  to  learn 

VETERINARY  profession.  Catalogue 
free.  Grand  Rapids  Veterinary 
College,  Dep.15,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


Terre  Haute  Veterinary  College 

A  complete  practical  course  in  Veterinary  Science. 

Write  today  for  catalogue  and  information. 
DR.  S.  V.  RAMSEY,  TERRE  HAUTE,  IND. 


DOGS 


pm  I  1C  Dll  D Q — From  imported  stock.  Females 

uULLIL  I  U  10  cheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 


COLLIE  PUPPIES  from  registered  stock :  sable  &  white 
&  black:  $10  each.  Clark  Farm,  Boonton,  N.  J. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLST  El  N-FRI  ESI  AN  ASSN  OF  AMERICA 
F.L.  HOUGHTON.  SEC’Y.  BOX  1 05,  BRATTLEBORO.VT. 


JUNE  OFFERING 

Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford,  Conn. 
Fantim’s  Zac.  Taylor,  imported  Guernsey  bull,  head 
of  our  herd,  is  offered  for  sale  to  avoid  inbreeding. 
One  of  the  grandest  individuals  in  the  U.  S.  and 
perfect  in  every  detail.  Photo,  on  request. 

One  registered  Berkshire  Boar,  seven  montlisold. 
One  magnificent  Chester  White  Boar,  14  months 
old,  at  a  sacrifice. 

Eight,  four  and  five  months  old  Jersey  Bulls(Reg.) 
from  32-36  pound  stock  and  Pogis  blood. 

We  will  guarantee  that  the  above  stock  is  perfect 
and  cannot  be  beat  at  tbe  price,  or  we  will  refund 
your  money  and  your  carfare. 

awr.  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  largo  production,  good  size,  strone 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU.  Somerville  N.  J. 


Robinson's  HOLSTEINS  are  Producers 

They  are  Tuberculin  Tested.  Forty  just  fresh  and 
that  will  freshen  in  the  next  two  months,  with 
milk  records  from  8.000  to  12.000  lbs.  in  the  last 
year.  V.  I).  ROBINSON.  Edmeston,  N.  Y. 


ALLAMUCHY  FARM  HOLSTEINS 

We  offer  well  bred  bull  calves  out  of  A.  R.  O. 
dams  at  reasonable  prices.  Send  for  list  before 
placing  your  order.  ALI.AMUCHV,  N.  J. 


Fliroka  QtfiPlf  Farm- Registered  Jersey  Bulls 
LuICnu  OlUUn  i  d  I  III  ami  Heifers,  6  monthsto  2 
years  old.  Chester  White,  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  I’ups  and  a  variety 
of  poultry.  Send  two-cent  stamp  for  circular. 

EDWARD  WALTER.  West  Chester,  Pa. 


FOR  SALE 

Two  Choice  Thoroughbred  Guernsey  Bulls 

Ready  for  service.  Price,  $50  and  $75  each. 

ORCHARD  FARM  ....  Lisbon,  N.  Y. 


Eight  Angus  Bull  Calves 

of  Quality  and  Breeding  must  be  sold  regardless  of 
price.  25  head  of  horses.  Hackney  and  standard 
bred  broodmares,  colts  andfillies,  racing  prospects, 
driving  and  work  stock,  all  ages  and  prices.  Come 
see  them  and  you  will  get  a  bargain.  Catalog  free. 

DELAWARE  STOCK  FARM, 

Myer  &  Son.  Itridgeville.  Del. 


AT  LAUREL  FARM 

we  have  on  hand  some  half-dozen  sons  of  Fern’s 
Jubilee,  73852,  A.  J.  C.  C.,  from  ten  months  down 
to  a  few  days  old.  All  out  of  good  cows.  Discount 
price  for  next  thirty  days. 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 


Breed  Up-Not  Down-Torr„ri,™™ 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  It.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Prnriirrprs:  ^or  New  Y  ork  City  market 
r  IUUUUC15  desiring  information  how  to 
form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville.  N.  Y. 


S  ~\7W  X  UNT  33 _ _ 

MuPUPQUIRC  D|  f2C  ARE  LOOKING  FINE-Bred  from 
IViy  bilLOnini:  riuo  best  stock  obtainable. 
Either  sex  ten  dollars,  F.  O.  B.  Troy,  N.  Y.,  R.  F.  D. 
L.  R.  THURSTON,  R.  F.  I).  3,  Troy,  New  York. 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


I  ARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHW00D  —  Regular  Summer 
"  Offering  of  Bred  Sows.  Eighty  at  our  home  farm, 
8  to  lOmonths  old,  some  of  them  bred ;  selected  from 
large  litters  out  of  mature  dams.  $35  up.  Come  and 
look  them  over.  H.  C.  &  H.  B.  HARPENDING.  Dundee.  N.Y. 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.- 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  toser- 
vice  of  Watson’s  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON.  Piourietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


REGISTERED  BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

From  Son  of  Berryton  Duke,  Jr.,  77341,  and 
well  bred  Sows. 

JERSEY  BULLS  ALL  SOLD.  SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED. 

CHAS.  B.  DAYTON,  Supt. 
Sheldoneroft,  -  -  Silver  Lake,  Pa. 


Reg.  P.  Chinas,  Berkshires,  C.  Whites. 


Fine,  large  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 
Pups,  Beagles  and  Poultry. Writefor 


prices  &  circulars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Ercildoun  Pa. 


LARGE  ENGLISH  YORKSHIRES. 


Last  Fall  Pigs  from  Prize  Winning,  Registered 
Stock,  for  sale  at  reasonable  prices. 

CHAS.  W.  SWITZER  -  -  SOUTH  EUCLID,  OHIO. 


Alfalfa  Lodge  Yorkshires 

Short  Nose  Type,  March  Pigs. 

JOHN  G.  CURTIS  -  -  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


QHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
0  B,red  Sows.  Service  Boars  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNES.  Oxford.  N.  Y. 


PIGS.  $6  and  $7  each,  Pedigreed.  Angora 
Kittens.  Serene  Wickes,  De  Graff.  O. 


DUROC 


Chester  Whites 


Enquiries  promptly  answered. 
Eugene  T.  Black,  Scio,  N.  Y. 


THK  RIG.  DEEP  FELLOWS 

_ _  _  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 

Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  limes. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  P’5. 


DUROCS 


1911. 


y?HE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


•713 


The  Henyard. 


THAT  HEN  CONTEST. 

W.  J.  Dougan,  of  New  Jersey,  has 
been  feeding  those  hens  since  March  1. 
The  following  brings  their  record  up 
to  June  1,  or  three  full  months: 

Record  of  10  Wyandottes. 

1  am  sending  you  report  of  White  Wyan¬ 
dottes  in  contest  for  the  month  of  May. 
Euring  that  time  they  consumed,  or  have 
standing  in  hoppers : 

19  %  lbs.  oats,  at  $1.05  per  bag . $  .22 

6  lbs.  bran,  at  $1.60  per  cwt . 10 

5  lbs.  mixed,  at  $1.55  per  cwt . 08 

2  lbs.  wheat  screenings,  at  $1.60  per 

cwt . 03 

24%  lbs.  corn,  at  $1.35  per  cwt . 33 

2  lbs.  beef  scraps,  at  $2.95  per  cwt..  .06 

$  .82 

During  the  month  they  _  laid  152  eggs; 
49  of  them  were  sold  at  45  cents  per  doz. 
Four  pounds  of  the  oats  were  “sprouted 
besides  that  I  feed  plenty  of  weeds  pulled 
from  an  onion  bed,  (the  value  of  which  I 
won't  mention.) 

Up  to  May  1  these  10  Wyandottes  had 
laid  258  eggs  at  a  cost  of  $3.21.  Thus 
June  finds  the  three  months’  record  410 
eggs  which  have  cost  $4.03. 

Record  of  10  Leghorns. 

During  May  they  consumed,  or  have  left 


in  hoppers  1 

17%  lbs.  oats,  at  $1.15  per  bag . $  20 

5  lbs.  bran,  at  $1.60  per  cwt . 08 

5  lbs.  mixed,  at  $1.55  per  cwt . 08 

1  lb.  wheat  screen,  at  $1.60  per  cwt...  02 
21%  lbs.  corn,  at  $1.35  per  cwt . 29 


$  .67 

Three  and  one-half  pounds  of  the  oats 
were  sprouted  and  plenty  of  weeds  from  an 
onion  bed  were  fed.  During  the  month  they 
laid  166  eggs,  27  of  which  were  sold  at  45 
cents  per  dozen.  w.  j.  dougan. 


The  Leghorns  had  to  their  credit  on 
May  1  273  eggs  costing  $2.80.  Thus 
the  total  on  June  1  was  439  eggs  cost¬ 
ing  $3.47. 

For  the  first  three  months  or  92  days 
therefore  the  Leghorns  are  ahead.  Here 
is  a  comparative  statement  of  the  record 
thus  far: 


Wyandotte 


Total  eggs .  410 

Total  cost .  $4.03 

Cost  per  egg .  .98  cent 

Eggs  per  hen ....  41 


Leghorns 
439 
$3.47 
.83  cent 
44 


On  the  face  of  this  the  Leghorns  are 
winning,  but  “the  rest  is  to  come  ;’r  most 
of  these  eggs  have  been  used  for  incu¬ 
bating.  The  Wyandotte  chicks  will 
bring  more  than  the  Leghorns  as  meat, 
and  the  sales  in  this  contest  are  limited 
to  actual  food.  We  shall  give  a  record 
of  the  incubating  and  brooding  before 
long.  You  will  see  how  the  cost  of 
grain  fell  off  when  the  hens  had  a  full 
feed  of  weeds  and  grass. 


More  Indian  Runner  Duck  Talk. 

My  experience  dates  back  over  five  years. 
I  have  tried  these  ducks  well  and  to-day 
I  would  not  do  without  them.  They  re¬ 
quire  different  treatment  from  hens  but 
this  special  knowledge  is  easy  to  attain, 
easy  to  put  in  practice  and  has  the  double 
advantage  of  being  cheap  both  in  money 
and  labor.  I  have  shipped  to  the  commis¬ 
sion  houses  in  New  York  and  generally  get 
from  six  to  10  cents  more  per  dozen  than 
for  hen  eggs.  Three  cents  above  was  the 
lowest  and  that  was  in  August.  In  Spring 
I  often  got  20  cents  more.  This  Spring  I 
got  34  cents.  The  commission  house  sup¬ 
plies  me  with  crates  at  15  cents  each.  They 
are  not  new,  but  they  answer  just  as  well. 
I  have  tried  different  sized  flocks  and  I 
find  that  it  pays  best  to  have  75  or  100 
layers,  for  you  will  be  able  even  in  the 
slack  months  to  ship  the  eggs  fresh.  If 
the  flock  is  small  some  would  be  rather 
stale  before  you  had  enough.  I  ship  in 
30-dozen  crates.  Compared  with  the  busi¬ 
ness  hen  she  is  at  least  her  equal  individ¬ 
ually.  but  in  flocks  of  say  100,  the  hen 
simply  won’t  do  it  and  I  don’t  believe  she 
ever  will.  While  the  hen  man  is  clearing 
his  droppings  boards,  fighting  lice  and  mites, 
and  the  other  diseases  a  hen  is  heir  to,  but 
especially  roup  and  gapes,  the  duck  man 
has  only  to  fork  out  the  soiled  bedding  on 
the  floor  and  throw  in  a  forkful  of  straw. 
If  you  could  eliminate  the  many  troubles 
that  are  a  constant  menace  to  the  hen  that 
do  not  trouble  the  duck  in  the  least  that 
dream  poultry  farm  would  be  quite  numer¬ 
ous.  I  don’t  believe  a  duck  egg  will  stand 
the  abuse  a  hen  egg  often  gets,  for  an  an¬ 
cient  duck  egg  will  speak  for  itself.  This 
will  make  freshness  a  necessity,  as  it  should 
be  with  ail  eggs.  d.  w.  f. 

New  Jersey. 


Never  Feed  Fertilizer  Tankage. 

Can  you  give  me  any  facta  about  the 
good  or  ill  effect  of  tankage  when  used  as 
a  constituent  of  dry  mash  feed  for  hens 
and  chicks?  I  have  been  feeding  it  most  of 
the  time  for  some  months  past,  but  am  not 
sure  whether  I  ought  to  do  so  or  not.  I 
have  had  more  sickness  among  the  hens 
this  passing  season  than  ever  before,  though 
I  have  studied  to  do  all  that  l  could  to 
maintain  health  among  them.  My  reason 
for  feeding  tankage  instead  of  beef  scrap 
is,  as  you  may  guess,  that  it  is  much  less 
expensive  than  the  scraps,  which  cost  here 
about  $2.50  per  100  pounds,  while  the  tank¬ 
age  costs  but  $1.62  per  100  pounds,  a  sav¬ 
ing  of  nearly  $1.  Nevertheless  I  do  not 
wish  to  feed  it  if  it  is  injurious.  I  know 
that  it  is  fed  to  hogs  but  have  never  seen 
any  reference  as  to  its  use  by  others  as  a 
hen  feed.  There  has  been  quite  a  lot  of 
crop  trouble  among  the  fowls,  crop-bound  ; 
often  I  have  seen  one  straining  and  twist¬ 
ing  her  neck  as  if  she  were  trying  to  get 
something  down  her  throat.  A  good  many 
that  seem  in  perfect  health  keep  shaking 


their  heads  with  sidewise,  snapping  motions 
and  others  seem  to  have  suddenly  wasted 
away  and  died  without  any  definite  symp¬ 
toms,  not  even  having  the  keen  appetite 
accredited  to  “going  light.”  n.  l.  b. 

Groton,  Mass. 

You  arc  evidently  feeding  fertilizer  tank¬ 
age  instead  of  that  made  for  feeding  stock, 
which  is  called  “digester  tankage.”  Stop 
such  feeding  right  away  if  you  value  your 
hens'  lives.  Even  the  "digester  tankage”  is 
not  as  good  as  beef  scrap  for  chickens,  and 
we  would  never  recommend  its  use,  but  the 
fertilizer  tankage  is  a  sure  road  to  ruin. 
It  is  a  wonder  yon  have  any  chickens  left. 
The  hens  act  as  if  they  bad  “Iimborneek” 
which  is  usually  caused  by  eating  tainted 
meat. 


Some  Good  Virginia  Pullets. 


A  neighbor  of  mine  has  a  flock  of  77 
pullets,  hatched  .Tune  6,  1910,  that  seem  to 
me  to  have  done  better  than  any  I  have 
ever  noted  elsewhere.  I  enclose  a  statement 
of  their  ability  as  layers.  My  faith  is 
proven  by  the  fact  that  I  have  bought  25 
of  these  pullets  for  Fall  delivery,  and  will 
use  them  as  breeders  next  year.  None  of 
them  nor  their  eggs  will  be  for  sale.  Four 
homemade  brooders,  planned  after  that  in 
the  Business  lien,  in  the  Cornell  shaped 
brooder  house  8x12,  gave  fine  results  for 
me. 

Eggs  laid  by  77  IV.  L.  pullets,  hatched 


Hen. 

19  + 

20  + 
24  + 
24  + 
20— 

110 — 


.Tunc  6,  1910: 

January,  1911.. 

Total 
Eggs 
Laid. 
_  1.510 

Av.  per 
Day. 
48+ 

February  . 

_  1.593 

57— 

March  . 

_  1.875 

60  + 

April  . 

.  1,871 

62  + 

May  . 

-  1,610 

52 — 

Totals. .  . 

....  8,459 

56  + 

These  pullets  were  raised  from  200  day- 
old  chicks,  and  while  not  forced  have  had 
good  care.  They  were  fed  dry  mash  and 
oats,  wheat  and  cracked  corn  in  litter. 
None  died  ;  a  few  were  broody  in  May,  less¬ 
ening  the  yield  for  that  month.  They  were 
kept  during  cold  weather  confined  in  a 
16x32  house,  with  buildings  protecting  it  on 
three  sides.  No  cockerels  were  in  the 
house.  f.  j.  s; 

Virginia. 


I  had  a  hatch  yesterday  of  25  chicks 
from  30  eggs ;  sturdy  little  White  Wyan¬ 
dottes,  the  host  ever  bred.  I  have  put 
them,  with  one  hen  under  a  “heatless” 
Summer  colony  coop.  I  like  this  idea  for  a 
Summer  coop  as  there  are  no  bottom  boards 
and  it  can  be  moved  around  and  will  keep 
the  chicks  out  of  the  flower  beds.  I  pro¬ 
pose  to  raise  these  chicks  to  half  growns 
in  this  coop,  which  is  about  6x12  feet.  I 
have  100  older  chicks  and  have  had  no 
losses  from  disease.  s\  c.  w. 

Madison,  Conn. 

R.  N.-Y. — We  have  both  chicks  and  little 
turkeys  growing  on  much  this  same  plan 
and  they  are  all  doing  well. 

A  PACIFIC  COAST  DAIRY  HERD. 

Many  cows  with  only  very  ordinary 
yields  of  milk  could  with  proper  hand¬ 
ling  be  made  to  give  twice  as  much.  I 
have  bought  and  sold  several  herds  in 
changing  around,  and  of  my  present 
herd  of  24  cows  in  milk  I  only  raised 
four.  Last  year  20  averaged  6,770 
pounds  milk  and  346  pounds  butter  fat; 
nine  of  the  herd  were  heifers  with  first 
calves ;  the  least  any  of  the  heifers  gave 
was  about  5,600  pounds.  I  bought  these 
young  cows  in  the  East  at  auctions  in 
three  days  and  paid  from  $75  to  $135 
each — they  are  all  registered  Jerseys. 
They  came  from  farms  where  they  had 
good  pasture  and  silage,  and  the  dams 
of  these  cows  were  only  giving  about 
3,000  to  4,000  pounds  each,  and  they 
were  mature  cows.  You  will  see  I  did 
not  pay  fancy  prices,  and  my  cows  are 
not  more  than  fair  individuals.  For  the 
month  of  May,  1911,  23  head  gave  845 
pounds  of  butter  fat,  besides  supplying 
three  families  liberally  with  milk  and 
feeding  some  whole  milk  to  young  calves. 
Now  if  these  figures  are  better  than  or¬ 
dinarily  obtained,  I  will  tell  you  all  there 
is  to  it. 

At  every  milking  I  am  on  hand  help¬ 
ing  to  do  it  myself,  and  I  know  that 
the  cows  are  milked  perfectly  dry;  if  I 
hire  a  new  man  I  try  the  cows  after 
him  to  know  that  none  of  the  milk  is 
left  in  the  cow;  if  he  does  not  milk  to 
suit  me,  he  does  not  stay.  I  feed  the 

cows  liberally  at  all  times  and  do  it 

myself.  I  rarely  feed  over  eight  pounds 
of  mill  feed  per  day,  but  they  are  fed 
according  to  the  amount  of  milk  they 
are  giving.  The  cows  are  kept  in  a 

comfortable  barn  when  the  weather  is 

not  fit  for  them  to  be  out ;  when  the 
weather  is  nice  they  are  out.  An  ac¬ 
curate  record  is  kept  of  the  milk  of 
each  cow.  Silage  is  fed  about  nine 
months  of  the  year,  and  no  dirty  or 
spoiled  feed  is  used  at  any  time.  It  is 
not  a  hard  matter  either  to  buy  or  breed 
cows  as  good  as  mine,  but  no  cow  will 
do  well  unless  well  cared  for. 

Washington.  david  C.  diiavorth. 


Professor  (coming  from  his  club,  tri¬ 
umphantly  holding  up  his  umbrella,  to 
his  wife)  : — “You  see,  my  dear  Alma, 
how  stupid  are  all  the  anecdotes  about 
my  absent-mindedness.  I  haven’t  forgot¬ 
ten  ray  umbrella.”  Mrs.  Professor : — 
“But,  my  dear,  you  didn’t  take  your  um¬ 
brella  with  you.  You  left  it  at  home.” 
— Lippincott’s  Magazine. 


A  lame  horse  means  money  lost.  You  can  neither  work  him  or  sell  him  to  advantage.  There  is  no 
excuse  for  you  haying  a  lame  horse  about  the  place  for  we  absolutely  guarantee  Mack’s  $1,000 
Spavin  Remedy,  to  cure  spavin  and  send  you  a  bond  to  back  up  the  guarantee  of  money  back 
if  not  cured. 

We  offer  to  tell  you  how  to  cure  any  horse  of  lameness — absolutely  free.  We  offer  you  without  one 
cent  of  charge,  the  advice  of  one  of  America's  leading  specialists  on  the  lameness  of  horses.  Many  an 
owner  does  not  know  how  to  go  about  getting  rid  of  the  lameness.  Don’t  let  your  horse  suffci — don’t  sell 
him  for  a  few  dollars — ask  us  to  tell  you  how  to  remove  the  lameness  safely,  surely  and  quickly. 

On  the  picture  of  the  horse  below  mark  with  an  X  just  where  the  the  swelling  or  lameness  occurs.  Then  cut 
out  this  advertisement  and  send  ir  to  us  with  a  letter  telling  age  .»  ^  .  ,,, 

of  the  horse,  how  long  lame  and  what  caused  it.  We  will  tell  *P  * y  C/C/C/  If  df’f’dH  »y 

you  just  what  the  matter  is  and  how  to  cure  it.  Under  $1,000  /£+V\X  Bond 

Rond  we  guarantee  Waek*S  Spavin  Remedy  to  quietly  and  per-  /,■<£&+  A 
mnnentty  relieve  the  worst  ease  of  Bone  Spavin,  Ringbone, 

Thorough  pin,  fnrh,  Capped  Hurt,  Shoe  Roil,  Sprung  Knee, 

Lacerated  ami  Ruptured  Tendons,  Sweeny  and  all  other  forms  of 
lameness  affecting  a  horse.  It’s  a  powerful  remedy  that  goes  right 
to  the  bottom  of  the  trouble  and  quickly  restores  natural  condition  of  the  bones, 
muscles  and  tendons — cures  the  lameness  in  just  a  few  days  to  stay  cured  and 
tlie  animal  may  be  worked  as  usual.  Contains  nothing  that  can  injure  the  horse 
and  heals  without  leaving  scar,  blemish  or  loss  of  hair.  We  positively  guarantee 
every  bottle  of  Mack’s  SI.000  Spavin  Remedy;  if  it  fails,  you  get  back  every  cent 
you  paid  for  it  as  stated  in  our  $1,000  Warranty  Bond. 

Your  Druggist  Will  Obtain  Mack’s  $1,000  Spavin 
Remedy  for  You 

If  you  ask  him.  Price  $5.00  per  bottle.  If  he  refuses  remit  $5.00  to  us  and  we  will  see 
thatyonr  order  is  filled  without  delay.  Every  bottle  is  absolutely  guaranteed-  and  is 
accompanied  by  our  $1,000  Warranty  Bond,,  which  insures  you  that  your  money  will  be 
refunded  if  the  remedy  fails  to  do  all  wo  claim  for  it. 

McKALLOR  DRUG  CO*9  Distributors 
Binghamton ,  N.  Y. 


A 


Frankly,  JVfr.  Dairyman 

Do  you  believe  that  milking  by  machinery  is  still 
an  experimental  proposition  ?  Do  you  think  that 
milker  advertisers  all  claim  great  things,  and  that  you 
cannot  tell  one  from  the  other  and  don’t  know  who 
is  telling  the  truth? 

Advertisers  do  talk,  for  sure,  and  there  is  no  stopping 
them,  but  by  care  you  can  distinguish  between  them. 

A  plain,  straightforward  statement  made  by  an  old 
and  reliable  house  may  be  depended  on  to  mean  just 
what  it  says.  When  we  say  that 

Sharpies  Mechanical  Milker 

is  already  a  permanent  fixture  in  many  of  the  largest  and  finest  dairies 
in  America  and  that  no  buyer  of  one  has  ever  discontinued  its  use,  you 
can  depend  on  the  statement  as  true  absolutely. 

Knowing  this,  you  can  safely  draw  the  conclusion  that  our  Milker 
is  a  fixed  and  permanent  success,  and  bound  at  no  distant  date  to  be 
installed  in  every  large  dairy  rn  America. 

It  is  a  fact  that  great  saving  in  wages  can  be  made,  the  hired  help 
nightmare  eliminated,  a  higher  quality  of  milk  procured  than  is  other¬ 
wise  possible,  and  the  cows  themselves  kept  in  superior  health  and 
condition. 

1  he  peculiar  massage  action  in  our  milker  and  possessed  by  no  other 
milker,  is  the  basis  of  its  marvelous  work. 

Write  for  catalog  E,  to 

DAIRY  SPECIALTY  CO.,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


NEWTON’S  HEAVE 


COUCH,  DISTEMPER 
AND  INDIGESTION 


CURE 


The  Standard  Veterinary  Remedy. 


Makes  the  horse  sound,  stay  sound 

DEATH  TO  HEAVES 

The  tirst  or  second  $1.00  can  cures  Heaves.  The  third 
can  is  guaranteed  to  cure  or  money  refunded. 
$1.00  per  can  at  dealers,  or  express  prepaid. 

THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO..  Toledo.  Ohio 


MINERAL 
HEAVE 
REMEDY 


NEGLECT i 
Will  Ruin' 
Your  Horse1 

Send  today  for 
only 

PERMANENT? 


SAFE 

CERTAIN 


$3  PACKAGE 

will  cure  any  case  or 

money  refunded. 

$f  PACKAGE 

cures  ordinary  cases. 

Postpaid  on  receipt  of  price.  I 
Agents  Wanted  g.  , 

Write  for  descriptive 
booklet 


Mineral  Heave  Remedy  Co., 401  Fourth  Avenue, Pittsburg.Pa. 


-  will  reduce  in  flamed  .swollen  Joints, 
'  Bruises,  Soft  Bunches.  Cure  Dolls, 
Poll  Evil,  Quitor,  Fistula  or  any 
unhealthy  sore  quickly:  pleasant 
to  use;  does  not  blister  under 
bandage  or  remove  the  hair,  and 
you  can  work  the  horse.  $2  per  bot¬ 
tle,  delivered.  Book  7  E  free. 

ABSOBBINE,  JR.,  liniment  for 
mankind.  Reduces  Painful,  Swol¬ 
len  Veins,  Goitre,  Wens,  Strains, 
Bruises,  stops  Pain  and  Inflamma- 
■  tion.  Price  *1.00  per  bottle  at  deal- 

_ Jers  or  delivered.  Will  tell  you  more 

I - ...  /if  you  write.  Manufactured  only  by 

IV.F.YOIING,  P.D.F.,  88  Temple  St..  Springfield,  Mast. 


Spavin  Curi 


The  one  remedy  you  can.  always  de¬ 
pend  on  to  cure  Spavin,  Curb,  Splint, 
Ringbone  or  any  lameness.  Thou¬ 
sands  have  proved  it  invaluable. 
Get  a  bottle  from  your  druggist. 
Price  per  bottle  $1.  6  for  $S.  “Treat¬ 
ise  on  the  Horse-’  Free  at  drug- 
or  from  Or.  B.  J.  KENDALL  CO., 
Knosburg  falls,  Vt.,  U.  S.  A. 


Three  Excellent  Books 


Swine  in  America  by  f.  D.  Coburn.  Full 

-  description  of  breeds, 

methods  of  handling,  diseases,  etc.;  600  pages, 
many  illustrations.  Price . $2.50 

Milk  and  Its  Products  by  H ■  H  wing. 

-  The  standard 

work  on  this  subject;  300  pages.  Price  $1.50 

The  Horse  by  Isaac  P.  Roberts.  In  this 

-  work  Prof.  Roberts  has  given  a 

concise  history  of  the  various  breeds,  methods 
of  breaking,  feed  and  general  care;  400  pages; 
many  illustrations.  Price . $1.25 


ALL  THESE  BOOKS  ARE  FOR  SALE  BY 

THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
409  PEARL  STREET,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


714 


SFHEJ  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


Juno  24, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


It  is  no  wonder  the  shrewd  brainy  men 
who  control  our  trusts,  and  through 
them  control  us,  do  not  take  seriously 
the  government’s  attempts  to  control 
them.  We  first  make  special  laws  to 
create  trusts.  They  could  not  be  created 
without  such  laws.  Then  we  pass  laws 
to  regulate  and  restrict  them  on  the  the¬ 
ory  that  they  are  a  danger.  It  is  like 
creating  an  insect  pest  for  the  privilege 
of  fighting  it.  Annul  the  laws  that  per¬ 
mit  one  corporation  to  hold  the  stock 
of  another  corporation,  and  there  could 
be  no  trusts. 

The  agent  at  Orlskany  Falls  telephoned 
me  yesterday  that  the  money  for  my  case 
of  eggs  was  at  his  office.  Many  thanks 
for  what  you  have  done  about  the  matter. 

New  York.  d.  g.  m. 

This  shipment  was  worth  $15  and  it 
was  paid  in  full.  Companies  want  to 
evade  payment  by  asserting  claim  was 
not  entered  within  30  or  60  days  from 
date  of  shipment  as  their •  contracts  or 
receipts  state  must  be  done.  The  fact 
is  the  shipper  usually  puts  the  claim  in 
promptly  enough,  but  the  company  pays 
no  attention  to  complaints  from  the  ship¬ 
per. 

On  November  21,  1010,  I  shipped  Kenton 
&  Co.,  Pittsburg,  one  barrel  of  dressed 
chickens,  which  they  claim  never  reached 
them.  I  have  put  in  my  claim  to  Adams 
Express  Company,  but  they  have  not  made 
any  settlement  yet.  The  bill  for  this 
shipment  was  $18.05. 

We  entered  this  claim  January  18, 
1911,  with  Adams  Express  Company,  and 
settlement  was  made  on  February  17. 
There  was  no  way  they  could  evade  re¬ 
sponsibility,  as  the  shipment  was  lost  in 
transit,  but  their  failure  to  reply  to  in¬ 
quiries  made  by  a  small  shipper  shows 
the  usual  avoiding  attitude  of  express 
companies. 

I  received  a  check  for  $27.87.  It  is  all 
satisfactory.  I  am  glad  there  is  one  paper 
published  that  wants  to  see  a  farmer  stay 
on  top  of  the  earth.  I  thank  you  very 
much  for  your  trouble  and  if  there  is  any 
expense  send  your  bill.  If  it  had  not 
been  for  you  I  would  never  have  got  any¬ 
thing  from  them.  A.  o.  s. 

Connecticut. 

This  is  a  shipment  of  99  barrels  of 
cabbages  sent  to  a  Springfield  house  on 
commission.  It  was  handled  by  the  New 
York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  line  and 
had  55  miles  to£go.  They  failed  to  no¬ 
tify  consignee  and  the  car  stood  in  the 
yard  three  days,  with  the  result  that  the 
cabbage  was  frozen  and  had  to  be  trim¬ 
med  until  about  two-thirds  was  left  in 
each  barrel.  The  cabbage  was  worth  a 
dollar  a  barrel,  therefore  shipper  lost  33 
cents  on  each  barrel,  and  we  put  in  claim 
for  $35,  as  he  received  $64  from  con¬ 
signee.  Deducting  commission  and 
freight  charges  a  balance  of  $27.87.  Set¬ 
tlement  March  29,  1911.  The  railroad 
company  in  this  case  recognized  its  re¬ 
sponsibility  and  adjusted  without  quib¬ 
ble. 

In  April,  1909,  I  bought  a  horse  from 
H.  F.  Allard,  Watertown,  N.  Y.,  with  a 
written  guarantee  that  the  horse  was  per¬ 
fectly  sound  except  one  eye,  which  had 
been'  hurt  and  which  is  now  all  right. 
The  horse  was  a  little  lame  when  pur¬ 
chased,  which  he  said  was  nothing,  only 
that  she  was  a  little  footsore  from  driving 
in  the  mud  without  shoes.  She  proved 
quite  lame  and  remained  so  in  spite  of  all 
we  could  do.  Allard  said  to  doctor  her 
and  he  would  make  it  right,  and  I  con¬ 
tinued  to  use  her  with  the  understanding 
that  she  was  to  be  his  horse  if  she  did 
not  get  over  her  lameness.  She  is  still 
lame,  and  we  have  lost  the  use  of  her  en¬ 
tirely.  He  refuses  to  do  anything  about  it. 
See  what  you  can  do  about  it.  a.  f.  k. 

New  York. 

We  can’t  do  anything  about  such  a 
claim.  No  one  else  can.  But  we  want 
our  people  to  get  out  of  the  way  of 
thinking  that  there  is  any  protection  in 
a  guarantee,  written  or  verbal,  when  the 
party  making  the  guarantee  is  not  re¬ 
sponsible.  It  is  an  easy  matter  for  ir¬ 
responsible  horse  dealers  or  fakers  gen¬ 
erally  to  give  you  a  guarantee,  but  it  is 
quite  another  thing  to  make  them  live 
up  to  it.  Be  suspicious  of  men  and 
concerns  who  give  you  strong  guaran¬ 
tees,  and  when  you  make  a  horse  deal 
depend  more  on  your  own  eye  than 
on  the  promises  of  the  dealer.  Then  if 
you  find  you  are  stuck,  don’t  let  the 
thought  find  expression.  There  is  not 
one  time  in  a  hundred  that  you  can  get 
any  redress. 

I  am  interested  in  a  patent.  Many 
farmers  tell  me  they  can  make  and  use 
any  article  they  can  on  their  own  farm 
if  they  do  not  offer  it  for  sale.  Would  that 
be  infringing  on  the  patent  or  not? 

Michigan.  _  G.  M. 

Certainly  they  would  be  infringing  on 
the  patent.  No  one  has  any  legal  right 
to  reproduce  a  patented  article  for  his 
o\vn  use  any  more  than  for  sale  for 
the  use  of  others.  The  only  trouble 
would  be  the  difficulty  of  the  patentee 
to  protect  himself  in  the  case  where  the 


article  is  made  for  the  private  use  of 
the  person  who  infringes  the  patent. 
To  stop  him  making  it,  you  would  have 
to  ask  a  court  to  issue  an  injunction 
and  prove  damages.  This  would  be  a 
difficult  thing  for  you  to  do;  but  it 
would  confer  no  right  on  him.  If  he 
were  selling  them  you  could  easily  prove 
damage,  and  the  court  would  grant  an 
injunction.  It  is  sometimes  hard  to 
prove  damage  for  trespass ;  but  that  fact 
gives  a  man  no  right  to  trespass  on  the 
property  of  another. 

I  am  sending  you  some  “dope”  from  the 
Spar  Products  Co.,  Baltimore,  Md.,  that  I 
got  taken  in  on  for  a  few  shares  of  stock, 
which  I  am  sending  you,  and  what  letters 
I  have  from  the  company.  They  will  ex¬ 
plain  themselves,  I  do  not  want  to  get  any 
more  money  into  it.  If  you  «an  get 
any  money  out  of  this  for  me  all  right 
but.  if  not  do  the  best  you  can. 

Maryland.  a.  J.  F. 

Last  year  when  this  concern  was 
claiming  to  be  paying  eight  per  cent  on 
its  preferred  stock,  and  promising  100 
per  cent  later  on  on  its  common  stock, 
we  advised  our  friends  to  leave  it  alone. 
Now  it  is  in  the  hands  of  a  receiver, 
and  the  deluded  stockholders  are  asked 
to  send  more  money  to  save  what  they 
have  already  lost.  It  is  the  old  story.  If 
you  recall  the  “dope”  sent  out  by  them 
a  year  ago,  you  will  not  place  any  too 
much  confidence  in  the  new  representa¬ 
tion.  In  a  recent  case  a  Federal  judge 
was  reported  as  saying  that  he  could 
not  feel  much  sympathy  for  the  people 
who  were  duped  by  advertisements  and 
other  promises  of  1000  per  cent  profit. 

1  f  rightly  reported  we  think  the  court 
did  not  fully  understand  all  the  circum¬ 
stances.  If  the  investments  were  made 
on  the  strength  of  such  promises  alone, 
we  would  share  the  judge’s  sentiments. 
But  these  rogues  work  in  other  ways  to 
win  the  confidence  of  the  people,  and 
then  the  extravagance  or  unreasonable¬ 
ness  of  the  promises  is  overlooked  by 
inexperienced  people.  Always  be  sus¬ 
picious  of  big  promises ;  it  is  the  pro¬ 
moter’s  bait  for  suckers !  This  com¬ 
pany  being  insolvent,  it  is,  of  course, 
impossible  for  us  or  anyone  else  to  get 
anything  for  a  stockholder. 

In  1907  the  Steel  Trust  had  a  com¬ 
petitor  in  the  Tennessee  Coal  &  Iron 
Company.  One  banking  house  in  New 
York  held  large  blocks  of  stock  in  the 
latter  concern ;  and  borrowed  money  on 
it  by  distributing  the  securities  through 
several  other  city  banks.  When  the  con¬ 
ditions  that  year  threatened  a  panic, 
the  other  banks  began  to  press  for  their 
money ;  and  the  underwriting  bank  was 
in  danger  of  failure.  It  was  argued  this 
would  create  a  greater  panic  than  we 
had,  and  to  avert  it  financial  giants  got 
their  heads  together,  and  the  Tennessee 
Coal  &  Iron  Co.  was  forced  to  sell  out 
to  the  Trust.  This  was  all  rehearsed  in 
the  hearing  at  Washington  last  week. 
It  was  told  to  demonstrate  the  virtue 
and  public  spirit  of  Mr.  Morgan  and 
other  captains  of  finance.  It  seemed  not 
to  have  occurred  to  anyone  that  the 
damage  could  have  been  averted  by  hav¬ 
ing  the  banks  withdraw  their  demand 
for  loans  secured  by  the  Tennessee  Coal 
&  Iron  Co.  stocks.  These  banks  were 
and  are  admittedly  under  Mr.  Morgan’s 
control.  Hence  it  was  that  Mr.  Morgan 
created  the  danger  which  he  averted ; 
and  earned  the  plaudits  of  the  public 
as  well  as  a  few  millions  of  profit. 

The  Federal  Government  did  a  good 
job  on  the  five  weeks’  trial  of  the 
Wireless  promoters.  They  were  found 
guilty,  all  five  of  them.  Wilson,  the 
president  of  the  company,  got  five  years 
at  Atlanta  and  Parker  and  Butler,  the 
fiscal  agent  and  attorney  respectively, 
each  got  two  years  at  the  same  place. 
Two  lesser  lights  got  off  with  a  year 
each  in  a  local  penitentiary.  One  of 
the  others  who  pleaded  guilty  got  off 
without  a  prison  term  as  he  aided  the 
cause  of  justice.  The  cost  of  the  trial 
was  also  charged  up  to  Wilson,  who 
made  millions  out  of  the  stock  swindling 
game.  The  cost  of  the  trial  was  $50,000, 
so  the  criminals  go  to  jail  at  their  own 
expense.  It  was  a  good  piece  of  work. 
The  only  regret  is  that  the  rogues  could 
not  have  been  apprehended  before  they 
took  so  much  money  from  the  people. 
The  effect  of  the  trial,  however,  ought 
to  put  people  on  their  guard  against  sim¬ 
ilar  swindles.  There  was  a  time  when 
we  found  it  hard  to  convince  some  of 
our  own  people  that  this  Wireless  stock 
was  worthless.  There  are  some  who  yet 
feel  inclined  to  look  with  favor  on  other 
watered  stock  propositions,  but  I  want 
people  who  look  to  this  column  for  in¬ 
formation  to  know  the  difference  be¬ 
tween  an  investment  and  a  swindle. 
When  Wilson  gets  out  of  prison,  he 
ought  to  start  a  newspaper  and  send  a 
million  dollar  claim  to  Congress  for 
assassination  of  his  business  ! !  jr.  j.  d. 


Now  Is  the  Time  to  Buy  a 

DE  LAVAL 

CREAM  SEPARATOR 

The  hot  weather  season  is  at  hand  when  the  Centrifugal 
Cream  Separator  saves  most  in  quantity  and  quality  of  product 
over  gravity  setting  systems  and  when  the  DE  LAVAL  Cream 
Separator  saves  most  in  time,  labor,  quantity  and  quality  of 
product  over  other  separators. 

There  can  scarcely  be  a  good  reason  for  putting  off  this  all¬ 
wise  and  self-paying  purchase  on  the  part  of  anyone  having  the 
milk  of  even  a  single  cow  to  separate,  and  a  DE  LAVAL  machine 
can  be  bought  either  for  cash  or  on  such  liberal  terms  that  it  will 
actually  pay  for  itself. 

With  butter  prices  rather  low  the  purchase  of  a  DE  LAVAL 
separator  becomes  even  more,  desirable,  as  its  use  may  easily  mean 
the  difference  between  a  profit  and  a  loss  in  summer  dairying. 

Every  local  DE  LAVAL  agent  stands  ready  to  demonstrate 
this,  either  to  the  man  without  a  separator  or  already  hawing  an 
inferior  one,  and  will  deem  it  a  favor  to  be  permitted  to  do  so. 

If  you  don’t  know  your  local  DE  LAVAL  agent  please  address 
the  nearest  DE  LAVAL  office,  and  bear  in  mind  that  every  day’s 
delay  means  just  so  much  more  dairy  waste, 


The  De 

166-167  Broadway 
NEW  YORK 


173-177  William  Street 
MONTREAL 


Laval  Separator  Co. 


20  E.  Madison  Street 
CHICAGO 


14  &  16  Princess  Street 
WINNIPEG 


Drumm  &  Sacramento  Sts. 
SAN  FRANCISCO 

1016  Western  Avenus 
SEATTLE 


THRIFTY 

STOCK 

PAYS 

MORE  MONEY 

GIVES 

MORE  SATISFACTION.! 

NO  STOCK  CAN  THRIVE  IF  PESTERED 
WITH  LICE, TICKS, MITES,  FLEAS, 

SCAB, MANGE, AND  OTHER  SKIN 
DISEASES. 

TO  CLEAN  OUT  THESE 
PARASITES,  GUARD  AGAINST 
CONTAGIOUS  DISEASES, 
CLEANSE,  PURIFY,  AND 
DEODORIZE.  USE 


BETTER  THAN  OTHERS, BECAUSE,  IT  IS 

STANDARDIZED, 

UNIFORM,  DEPENDABLE,  EFFICIENT.  ONE 
GALLON  OF  KRESO  DIP  NO.I  MAKES  60 
TO  100  GALLONS  OF  S0LUTION(DE  PEN  DING 
UPON  WHAT  USE  IS  TO  BE  MADE  OF  IT.) 

A  REAL  NECESSITY  ABOUT 
HORSES, CATTLE, SHEEP, SWINE, 
DOGS,  GOATS  AND  POULTRY. 

FOR  SALE.  BY  ALL  DRUGGISTS. 
WRITE  FOR  FREE  CIRCULARS.  ASK  FOR  LEAFLET 
DESCRIBING  A  NEW  CEMENT  HOG  WALLOWJF  YOU  | 
ARE  INTERESTED. 


J  -V 


PARKE, DAVIS  &  CO, 

^  w  DEPARTMENT  OF  ANIMAL 
INDUSTRY. 

yDETROIT.MICHj 
U.S.A. 


Quinn’s  Ointment 

*doos  for  the  horse  what  no  other  remedy  can  do. 
There’s  not  a  curb,  splint,  spavin,  windputf  or  bunch 
that  it  will  not  remove.  Sure  and  speedy.  Thous¬ 
ands  of  horse  owners  use  it— Quinn’s  alone.  They 
regard  it  as  the  unfailing  remedy. 

PRICE  #1.00  PER  BOTTLE. 

At  all  druggists  or  sent  by  mail.  Testimonials  free. 

W.  B.  Eddy  ft  Co.,  Whitehall,  New  York. 


PATENT 


SECURED  OR  FEE  RETURNED. 

Free  Patent  Book,  Selling  Guide  and 
List  of  Buyers  and  Manufacturers  of 
Inventions.  ADVICE  FREE.  Send  sketch. 

FARNHAM  &  SUES,  Attys.,  548  F.  S(„ Washington,  D.C. 


Farmers  and  Poultrymen. 

You  must  not  blame  us  if  occasionally  our  en¬ 
thusiasm  bubbles  over  when  speaking  of  our  cus¬ 
tom  hatching  department  as  carried  on  by  our 
experts  in  our  mammoth  hot  water  incubator. 
Results  are  showing  people  all  over  the  country 
that  we  know  our  business  by  saving  them  time, 
worry  and  money,  and  giving  them  stronger  chicks 
than  the  old  lien  or  kerosene  oil  fume  incubators 
ever  did.  You  send  us  the  eggs— we’ll  do  the  rest— 
do  it  right  and  send  you  the  chicks.  Write  for  in¬ 
formation  and  prices,  anyway. 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM,  Millerton,  N.  Y. 


LAKEHILL  FARM 

W.  H.  THACHK11. 

Single  and  Rose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W.  P.  Rocks 
and  Imp.  Pekin  Ducks.  Cockerels  and  Ducks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  In  any  quantity  from  $2  up. 
Chicks,  $15  per  TOO.  Ducklings,  $25  per  100.  Write 
for  special  prices  in  large  lots.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  of  hatching  eggs  and  day  old  chicks 
and  ducklings.  Safe  delivery  and  satisfaction 
guaranteed.  CARL  W.  LLOYD,  Mgr,, 

Hillside,  Westchester  County,  N.  Y. 


t 


OAKWOOD  FARM  Celebrated 

RHODE  ISLAND  REDS  and 
WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Full  grown  birds . $2.00  each 

Chicks . .16  each  * 

Eight  week  old  pullets .  1 .00  each  ■ 

Eggs .  2.50  per  setting 

Address  OAKWOOD  FARM,  Tallinans,  Rockland  Co.,N.Y. 

jj. 


SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Baby  Chicks,  prompt  shipment,  $9  per  100.  Hatch¬ 
ing  Eggs,  Pullets  and  Yearling  Hens,  prompt  or 
future  shipment.  Quality  kind  at  right  prices. 

SUNNY  HILL  FAKM,  l'leinington,  N.  J. 


S.  C,  White  Leghorn  BABY  CHICKS 

Chicks  that  make  good.  High  class  utility  stock. 
Prompt  delivery.  $10  per  100.  Circular.  Van  Crest 
Poultry  Farm,  Salt  Point.  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y. 


PRIZE  WINNING  STRAINS  I  &Th.  w,™: 

dottes,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  both  combs,  Single 
Comb  White  and  Brown  Leghorns,  eggs  $1.60,  15; 
$7.00,  100.  Light  and  Dark  Brahmas,  $2.00,  15.  Cat¬ 
alog  gratis.  F.  M.  PRESCOTT.  Riverdale,  N.  J. 


C  P.  WHITE  leghorns,  Barred  Plymouth  Bocks, 
w«  Ui  II  Mammoth  White  Pekin  Ducks,  Stock, 
hatching eggs,  chicks,  ducklings.  Circular.  Est.1904 
Abovo  Poultry  Farm,  Chatham,  Morris  Co.  N.  J. 


Pfl  1 1 1  TR  YM  F  N— ■ Don't  fail  to  secure  Stock  and 
IUULI  11  I  lilL.ll  Eggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Marietta,  Pa. 


THE  FARMER’S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland.  N.  Y. 


Buff,  Wh.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  S.  C.  It.  I.  Red. 
Eggs.  90c.  per  16,  $1 .50  per  30.  $2.75  per  00,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  Pa. 


Ufa  Will  Qn||~ f°r$2-00  for  liens  ami  $2.00  to $5.00 
•IB  ii  ill  uCII  for  one-year-old  cockerels — our 
surplus  breeding  stock  of  Partridge  Cochins.  Barred 
Rocks,  White  Rocks,  Partridge  Wyandottes. 

MINCH  BROS.  .  R-3  .  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

O  fl  EGGS  $1.00 — Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poui- 
ZU  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Largo  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 


DAVIS  S.  C.  REDS 

BABY  CHIX 

$12.50  PER  lOO  BALANCE  OF  SEASON 

Full  count  and  safe  delivery  guaranteed. 

DAVIS  POULTRY  FARM,  Berlin.  Mass. 


Hiinn  Lake  Poultry  Farm  MicksSw  SrS 

White W yandotte  Chicks,  $12  per  100.  Eggs, $5per  100. 

WRIGHT’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTE  WINNERS 
—Baity  Chix,  June  Hatch,  $11  per  100;  $6  per  60 
GRAND  VIEW  FARM,  -  Stanfordville,  N.  Y] 

BABY  CHICKS,  8k.  £&  SSSS’S: 

(’.  White  Leghorns  in  any  quantity.  Safe  arrival 
guaranteed,  Circulars  free.  CHAS.  R.  STONE,  Baby 
Chicken  Farm,  Staatsburg-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 


Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  May  return  at  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  Southold,  Suffolk  Co.,  N.  Y. 


5000 


Single-Combed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 
Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 
right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  best  selections.  Largest  success¬ 
ful  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


THIS  RURAL  NEW-VORKE8 


715 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  June  24,  1911. 
FARM  TOPICS. 


What  to  Look  for  in  a  Farm . 701,  702 

Plowing  Under  Pea  Vines .  702 

Tile  Cursed  Cutworm..... . 703 

Killing  Burdock  . 704 

Alfalfa  on  Long  Island .  704 

Succession  of  Onions . 704 

Crop  Prospects  . 704 

Cleaning  Out  White  Grubs . 705 

"Self- boiled”  for  Potato  Blight _ ...  705 

Hope  Farm  Notes .  706 

Diary  of  Farm  Work .  709 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

Sheep  as  Weed  Killers .  703 

Chestnut  Leaves  and  Stock .  705 

A  Good  Milk  Dairy .  712 

Milk  .  712 

The  Bellows  Milk  Case . 712 

'  Adulterated'*  Milk  .  712 

That  lien  Contest  . .  713 

More  Indian  Runner  Duels  Talk .  713 

Never  Feed  Fertilizer  Tankage .  713 

Some  Good  Virginia  Pullets .  713 

A  Pacific  Coast  Dairy  Herd .  713 

HORTICULTURE. 

Fruit  Trees  With  Crown  Gall .  702 

Late  Setting  Strawherries .  703 

Sprouts  on  Peach  Trees .  703 

Maple  Worms  . .  703 

How  to  Handle  Hilled  Strawberries...  705 

Nicotine  as  an  Insecticide .  705 

Strawberry  Tests  in  Missouri . 707 

Trouble  With  Grapevine .  707 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME.  . 

From  Day  to  Day .  710 

Boiled  Icing  . .  710 

Nourishing  Dishes  Without  Meat .  710 

The  Rural  Patterns . . 711 

Veal  Stew  in  Fireless  Cooker .  711 

Charity  Sweetheart's  Letter . .  711 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


Various  Notes  .  703 

Products.  Prices  and  Trade .  705 

Editorials  .  70S 

Other  People's  Money .  TOO 

Events  of  the  Week .  709 

PnMBsber’s  Desk  .  714 


MARKETS 

Wholesale  at  New  York. 

Week  Ending  June  16,  1911. 


BUTTER 

There  lias  been  considerable  speculative 
trade  in  the  better  grades  of  fresh  creamery 
during  the  week.  At  the  close  trade  is  dull 
and  prices  tending  lower. 


Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 

Good  to  C  too  ice . 

. .  23 

.24 

© 

.21 

Lower  Grades  . 

© 

.18 

Stare  Dairy,  best . 

. 21 

to 

.22 

Common  to  Good...... 

& 

.18 

17 

Packing  Slock . 

.  . 12 

© 

.16 

Elgin  111.  butter  market  firm  at  22J*  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  23  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  2t  cents. 


CHKKSE 

Market  very  firm  on  prime  whole  milk 
cheese. 

Foil  Cream,  best,  new .  ...  .10 %<&  .11* 

Common  to  Good  ..... . . 00  ©  J9 

Kkims . .  .04  ©  .(JH 

Old ,  common  to  good . II  &  .13 


EGGS 

Receipts  large  and  market  generally  up¬ 
set.  AIT  stock  from  a  distance  is  showing 
hot  weather  defects.  Nearby  fancy  white 
eggs  scarce  and  slightly  higher. 

White,  good  ro  choice . 22  ©  .24 

Mi  xed  Colors,  best . 19  ©  .21 

Common,  to  Good . .15  ©  .17 

Western,  best . 17  <61  .19 

Under  grades . .12  ©  .15 

Checks  and  dirties .  JJ7  to  .12 


BEANS 


Very  little  trade  is  noted.  There  is  a 
drop  of  10  to  25  cents  per  100  pounds  on 
Marrow,  Pea  and  Red  Kidney. 


Marrow,  10U  lbs . . . . . 

Madia  nr .  ... 

Pea . . . 

Yellow  Eye . 

Bed  Kidney .  . . 

WhfteKidney . 

Lima. California . . . .  . 


3215  to  3.75 
3.00  to  3.55 
3.00  60  3.55 
3.50  to  3.60 
6.00  to  6.50 
6.00  to  5.10 
6.70  ©  6.75 


HOI’S 

1  remand  is  strong,  but  offerings  scarce. 


Prime  to  Choice . 

.  .31 

© 

.32 

Common  to  Good . 

. 29 

Ov 

.:to 

. 25. 

.26 

German  Crop,  1910 . 

.54 

C10ER  VINEGAR 

New  York  prices  for  single  barrel  lots. 

Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . . . 22  to  .24 

Btanda id  Grade . . .  .13  ©  .15 


DRIED  FRUITS 

Market  on  evaporated  apples  for  present 
delivery  very  firm,  futures  easier. 

Apples,  evap.  prime . 13  to  14* 

Evap.,  com.  to  good. . . 06  ©  ,]o 

Cores  and  Skins . 07  to  .07 

Raspberries . .2?  fa  32T£ 

Cherries . 14  to  AT 


FRESH  FRUITS 


A  few  Le  Conte  pears  from  the  South 
have  sold  above  $8  per  barrel.  Peaches  ir¬ 
regular  in  quality.  The  best  Belle  of 
Georgia  has  brought  $3.50,  but  the  bulk 
of  receipts  have  gone  at  $2  or  less.  Straw¬ 
berries  plenty  and  low.  many  damaged  by 
the  recent  storms.  Cherries  in  free  supply 
and  lower. 


Apples,  Russet,  bbl . .  3  00  ©  4.00 

Baldwin .  4.00  to  5.25 

Ben  Davis . 3.60  to  5.00 

Spy . 4.00  m  5.50 

W  estern — 

Newtown,  box . 1.75  to  5.75 

Rome,  box . 2.00  0  2.50 

Black  Ben,  box .  2  00  ©  2.40 

Gano.  box  .  1.75  to  2.25 

Pears.  Southern,  Le  Conte,  bbl . 7.00  &  8.50 

Strawberries,  up-river,  qt . . . 06  to  .11 

Bel.  and  Md.,  qt . 03  to  .09 

Jersey,  qt . 04  to  .11 

Peaches.  Ga.,  carrier .  1.25  ffl  3.50 

Cherries,  lb . 06  to  .12 

Muskmelons,  Fla,,  crate . 1.00  ©  2.09 

California.,  crate .  2  00  to  5.00 

Watermelons.  Fla.,  100 .  210.00  @40.00 

Plains.  Ga.,  carrier .  1.75  to  2.25 

Huckleberries,  N.  C.,  qt . 08  ©  .12 

Blackberries,  qt . 10  to  .12 

Raspberries,  red,  pint . 08  @  .12 

Gooseberries,  qt . 00  to  .OS 


VEGETABLES 

Potato  market  firm ;  new  stock  higher. 
String  beans  largely  poor.  Cabbages  and 
peas  selling  well.  Asparagus  plenty  and 
lower. 


Potatoes— X.  Y.  State.  180  lbs . 2J)0  ©  2.25 

Maine .  2.12  to  2.37 

Southern,  new,  No.  1.  bbl . 5J)Q  to-  5.75 

Southern,  new.  No.  2.  bbl . 3.50  ©  4.50 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bkt .  1.00  ©  2  00 

Asparagus.  Jersey,  green,  f'ey .  1.25  to  2.25 

Jersey,  white,  fey .  1.00  ©  1.50 

Long  Island,  white.  Southern....  .75  to  1.25 

Penn.,  green,  choice . 125  ©  2.25 

Culls . 40  @  .75 

Beets,  new,  100  bunches .  i  1)0  @  3D0 

Carrots,  bbl .  .  2.00  to  3.U0 

Southern,  new.  (5)0  bunches .  1.00  to  2.00 

Cabbage— New.  Southern,  bbl .  1.00  to  2.U0 

Sweet  Corn,  Southern.  100 .  1.00  to  1.25 

Cucumbers.  Southern,  bu .  1.00  ©  2.00 

Lettuce. !kv-bbl.  bkt.. . . . 50  ©  1.00 

Peppers.  Southern,  bu .  1.00  to  1.25 

Horseradish.  100  lbs . . . 3.U0  to  5.00 

Okra.  Fla.  Carrier . 2.00  ©  4.00 

Onions,  Texas,  new,  crate.... . 1-BO  to  2.00 

Bermuda,  crate .  1.75  to  1.85 

Egyptian,  bag . 2.00  @  2.50 

Peas.  State,  bu . . .  1.25  to  2.25 

Jersey,  bu. .  1.00  to  2.25 

Kadishes.100  bunches . 35  to  .75 

Rhubarb,  100  bunches . 50  ®  1.00 

Mushrooms,  hothouse,  lb.... . 15  ©  .40 

String  Beans,  bu .  1.00  ©  3.00 

Spinach,  bbl . 50  to  1.00 

3qnasn.  bbl .  1.00  to  150 

New,  bu . 50  to  .75 

TurniDS,  Rutabaga,  bbl .  3.00  ©  4.00 

White,  bbl .  1.00  to  2.00 

Leeks.  100  bunches .  1.00  to  2.00 

Egg  Plants.  Fla.,  box . . .  .7.).  to  1.25 

Tomatoes.  Fla.  crate .  1.00  to  2.25 

Hothouse,  lb . 08  ©  .12 


LIVE  POULTRY 


Fowls  firm  and  higher.  Broilers  lower. 

Chickens.  Broilers,  lb . 26  to  .28 

Fowls . 14  to  J6 

Roosters...  . . 08  ©  .10 

Ducks . .It  ®  .12 

Geese . .08  to  .09 

Turkeys...... . 12  to  .15 


DRESSED  POULTRY— Fresh  Killed 
Fowls  scarce.  Broilers  running  small  and 
lower. 


'turkeys,  best . 14  to  15 

Common  to  Good . 13  ©  .14 

Chickens,  fancy  broilers,  lb.... .  35  to  .46 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 25  to  .30 

Fowls . 13  ©  1414 

Spring  Ducks,  lb  .  . 13  ©  .14 

Squabs,  do/. .  1.75  ©  3.75 

DRESSED  POULTRY-FROZEN 

Turkeys,  best . 22  to  .23 

Chickens,  milk-fed  broilers  . .  .22  to  .25 

Corn-fed  broilers . 18  to  22 

Milk-fed  roasters . 17  to  .18hS 

Corn-fed  roasters . 15  to  .16% 

Fowls .  12  to  .14 

Ducks,  best  . . 13  @  .14 

Common  to  good  . . 08  ©  J2 

Geese . . 07  @  .11 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Market  weak  and  lower  on  most  grades. 

Hay,  No.  I,  ton . 26. U0  to  27.00 

No.  2  .  22.00  ©  24.00 

No.  3 . 18.00  to  20.00 

Clover  Mixed . 18.IIU  to  22  00 

Clover . 15.00  to  19.00 

Straw,  ltye . 12.00®  13.00 

Oat  and  Wheat..., . 8.00  to  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers.  100  lbs . 6.75  ©  6.75 

Bulls . 3.75  to  5.00 

Cows .  1.50  ©  4.50 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  UK)  lbs . 7.50  ©  9.50 

Culls  . 5.00  to  6  00 

Sheep,  100  lbs . . . 3.50  ®  4.00 

Lambs .  6.50  to  8.30 

Hogs; . 0.00  ©  6.60 


GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1.  Northern  Spring .  1.03  to  .. 


No.  2,  Red- . . . 96  to  ... 

No.  1  Macaroni . 94  @  .. 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 53  to  .60 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 43  @  .45 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 95  @1.00 


MILL  FEED 


Spring  Bran. ton .  24.00  to  25.10 

Standard  Middlings .  25.35  to  27.35 

lied  Dog .  27.50  ©  28.10 

Hominy  Chop .  22.25  to  23.45 

Linseed  Meato .  33.00  ©  34.00 

Corn  Meal .  23.00  to  24 .00 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland . . .  15.80 

Middling  Gulf . . . 16.05 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  14.90 

Good  Middling .  15.85 


WOOL 

NewYork  Fleeces,  Delaine. unwashed. 


TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadleaf-flller . 

Fine  wrappers  . 

N.  Y.Srate  Fillers . . . 


Virginia  Dark  Lugs. 
Dark  Leaf . 


22 

.23 

24 

to 

.25 

.  .23 

& 

.23* 

.23 

© 

.24 

& 

.10 

.60 

@ 

.75 

.05 

© 

.06 

.12 

(a) 

.16 

JO 

© 

.20 

© 

.09* 

.10 

& 

.20 

to 

.30 

.10 

© 

.12 

iers 

of 

De- 

Kalb  County,  Illinois,  propose  to  hold  a 
novel  wheat  harvest  on  their  farms  in  July. 
These  farmers  are  across  the  road  from 
each  other.  Together  they  have  two  small 
fields  of  wheat,  nine  acres  in  all.  and  when 
it  is  ripe  they  have  planned  to  cut  and  bind 
it  by  all  the  methods  that  have  been  in 
vogue  for  the  last  two  centuries.  Their 
object  is  to  show  the  skill  of  a  farmer  in 
handling  most  any  kind  of  an  implement, 
and  the  work  will  be  done  mostly  by  men 
who  used  the  same  implements  years  ago. 
Some  of  the  wheat  will  be  cut  by  a  sickle, 
some  by  a  cradle,  a  swath  or  two  by  the 
hand-rake  harvester,  more  by  the  harvester 
and  binder,  and  some  by  the  most  modern 
header  and  thresher.  It  may  be  that  bis¬ 
cuits  will  be  made  of  flour  from  the  wheat 
harvested  that  day. 

Some  of  the  binding  will  be  done  by  the 
use  of  withes  as  in  olden  times,  and  old 
timers  will  try  to  follow  close  to  the  cra- 
dler.  raking  and  binding  with  straw  bands. 
There  will  be  a  contest,  if  the  weather  it 
hot  enough,  to  see  how  long  a  eradler  may 
put  off  hunting  a  friendly  shade  tree.  The 
old  Marsh  harvester  was  invented  in  this 
same  neighborhood  and  one  of  the  machines 
first  seen  will  be  at  work  in  the  field. 
The  unique  harvest  will  be  given  by  Henry 
O.  Whitmore  and  T.  L.  Oakland!  They 
sowed  a  portion  of  the  wheat  on  March  14 
and  the  remainder  later  in  the  same  month, 
and  they  expect  it  to  be  ready  for  the  har¬ 
vest  by  the  Last  of  July.  j.  l.  draff. 

Illinois. 


THICK  CREAM 

Means  Sweet  Cream 

The  density  of  the  cream  from  the  United  States 
Cream  Separator  is  easily  regulated  by  aid  of  the 

patented  cream  screw. 

Many  users  produce  cream  testing  over  60  per  cent 
butter  fat. 

Thick  cream  is  a  great  advantage  in  hot  weather  because 
the  milk  which  sours  first  is  so  nearly  eliminated.  Cream¬ 
eries  pay  top  prices  for  such  quality. 

United  States  Separator 

cream  is  in  great  demand  at  all  creameries.  Thick  cream 
means  less  bulk  to  transport,  but  more  skimmilk  for  feeding. 
United  States  Separators  hold  world’s  record  for  closest 
skimming..  They  are  the  Standard  Separators  of  the 
World. 

For  your  own  sake  don’t  buy  a  "cheap”  separator  or  decide  on 
any  make  until  you  have  seen  and  tested  the  U  nited  States 
Separator.  Get  the  large,  illustrated  U.  S.  catalog 
No.  159. 

Vermont  Farm  Machine  Co. 

Bellows  Falls,  Vermont. 


MODERNIZE  YOUR  BARN  WITH  A 


PORTER  CARRIER 


No  barn  Is  considered 
complete  unless  equip¬ 
ped  with  littercarriers. 
Dirty  and  unsanitary 
stables  are  no  longer  tolerated.  The 
— , — saving  of  labor,  the  lessening  of  dan- 
1  ''v  ger  from  fire,  immunity  of  live  stock 
from  disease,  and  the  saving  of  ma¬ 
nure,  are  only  a  few  reasons  why  lit¬ 
ter  carriers  are  growing  more  popu¬ 
lar  every  day. 

The  Porter  Litter  Carrier 

is  the  system  for  the  farmer  who 
wants  permanency.  The  quality  of 
material  and  workmanship  entering 
into  their  make-up  have  no  equal. 
As  time  and  labor  savers,  they  excel 
all  other  makes.  Get  our  catalogue, 
which  tells  and  illustrates  by  pic¬ 
tures  the  many  ways  our  feed  and 
litter  carriers  can  be  used. 

J.  E.  PORTER  CO., 

OTTAWA,  ILL. 


Indian  Runner  lliickw.  84  per  pair,  from  260-egg  strain. 
Eggs,  SLOT  and  82-00  per  12.  C.  GORDl >N,  Sprakers,  N.  Y. 


FOR  SALE— After  July  1st,  100  S.  C.  WHITE 
_  LEGHORN  Y  E  A  RUNG  HENS,  good  layers  and 
in  a  healthy  condition,  $1.00  each-  Andress 

15.  II.  CHASE,  Wyoming,  Delaware. 


DAI5Y  CHICKS — Single  Comb  White  Leghorns. 

Rose  Comb  Rhode  Island  Reds,  9c  and  12c  each. 
Strong  and  livable  From  vigorous  tree  range  stock, 
bred  for  utility  and  standard  qualities.  Safe  delivery 
guaranteed.  WESLEY  GR1NNELL.  Sodas.  N.  Y. 


pi.FASK  semi  a  trial  sbipnientto  theObiest  Com- 
*  mission  House  i it  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter, 
Eggs,  Poultry.  Pork.  Calves.  Hay.  Grain.  Beans, 
Appies.  etc.  K.  it.  uoomtAitn,  302  tr.n.i<i,  sc,  n.f. 


JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  COMPANY, 

Commission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St..  New  York. 
Poultry,  Eggs,  .Meats,  Produce.  Shipments  Solicited, 


JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAT  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY. 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 


GKO.  P.  HAMMONI).  KST.  1875.  FRANK  W.  fiODWIW 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  CO., 

Commission  Merchants  and  Dealers  in  all  kinds  of 
COUNTRY  PRODUCE,  Appies.  Peaches.  Ber 
ries  Butter,  Eggs,  Cheese,  Poultry.  Mushrooms 
and  Hot-house  Products  a  Specialty.  Consignments 

solicited.  34  Jfc  36  Little  lath  ,St..  New  York- 


STRAWBERRIES. 

Huckleberries.  Fancy  Eggs,  Hothouse  Products, 
Fruits,  Vegetables.  Top  prices  secured  for  choice 
goods.  Correspondence  solicited. 

Archdeacon  &  Co.,  100  Murray  St.,  N.Y. 


Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants. 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.f  -  Boston. 


SHIP  YOUR  CALVES  AND  POULTRY 

- TO - 

GEO.  OLIVER  &  COMPANY 

Established  1850 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 
WEST  WASHINGTON  MARKET,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y 

PROMPT  EETTRXS 

WANTED  —  A  Working  Farmer.-  married;  no 
T 1  small  children r  who  understands  and  can  run 
improved  farm  machinery  and  gasolene  engine. 
One  who  does  not  think  it  too  much  trouble  to  do 
small  things.  Good  treatment  on  both  sides  assured 
and  required  Give  reference.  Position  open  early 
Fall.  Reply  T.  F.  C.,  care  Rural  New-Yorker. 


WANTED—  Ry  Nov.  75,  an  up-to-date  young  Fanner 
**  and  Wife,  to  take  on  shares  or  small  money 
rent  a  small  fann  in  eastern  Pennsylvania  ;  must 
have  practical  knowledge  of  farming  and  technical 
knowledge  of  all  dairy  work  except  cheese-making. 
Good  chance  to  right  party. 

J.  FOSTER.  Pension  Bureau, Wush lugton,  1>.C, 


VX/A NTF,I>  —  Man  who  understands  Creamery 
v  »  Work,  putting  up  wholesaleorders  and  taking 
charge  of  that  end  of  the  business.  State  salary 
and  experience  :  also  reference.  Apply  B.  P.  D., 
care  Rural  New-Yorker. 


icn  FarmQF(>R  SAIE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
lull  I  HI  Bio  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  inap  free.  Horace  G.  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa. 


New  York  State  £3.  % 

the  State.  Catalog  free  to  parties  intending  to  buy. 
NORTHERN  REALTY  CO..  Syracuse.  NewYork. 


140-ACRE  VIRGINIA  FARM 

This  is  a  splendid  little  farm  between  two  villages; 
schools,  stores  aud  churches.  Good  house;  excellent 
Itank  barn;  50  acres  in  wheat:  26  acres  in  eorn; 
Itaiance  in  pasture,  meadow  and  wood.  Full-bearing 
apple  orchard.  Price,  $4,500,  including  crops.  Part 
cash,  balance  on  terms  to  suit  the  purchaser.  For 
full  particulars  address  HARRY  M.  HUBBELL, 
Warren  ton ,  Fauquier  County.  Virginia. 


BOOKS  WORTH  BUYING 


American  Fruit  Culturist,  Thomas. ..  .$2.50 


Bush  Fruits,  Card .  1.50 

Principles  of  Fruit  Growing,  Bailey..  1.50 

Successful  Fruit  Culture.  Maynard.  . .  .  1.00 

Dwarf  Fruit  Trees,  Waugh . 50 

Plums  and  Plum  Culture,  Waugh....  1.50 

Pruning  Book,  Bailey .  1.50 

Nursery  Book.  Bailey .  1.50 

Spraying  of  Plants.  Lodeman .  1. 25 

Plant  Breeding,  Bailey .  1.25 

Evolution  of  Our  Native  Fruits,  Bailey  2.00 

Survival  of  The  Unlike,  Bailey .  2.00 

Horticulturists’  Rule  Book,  Bailey . 75 

The  Soil,  King . 1.50 

Soils.  Hilgard  .  4.00 

Fertility  of  the  Land.  Roberts .  1.50 

Irrigation  and  Drainage,  King .  1.50 

Fertilizers,  Voorhees  .  1.25 

Agriculture  and  Chemistry,  Storer,  3 

vols . 5.00 

Forage  Crops,  Voorhees .  1.50 

Principles  of  Agriculture,  Bailey .  1.25 

Garden  Making,  Bailey . " .  1.50 

Vegetable  Gardening,  Bailey .  1.50 

Forcing  Book.  Bailey .  1.25 

How  Crops  Grow,  Johnson .  1.50 

How  Crops  Feed.  Johnson .  1.50 

Cereals  in  America,  Hunt .  1.75 

p0-age  and  Fiber  Crops  in  America, 

ITnnt  .  1.75 

Book  of  Alfalfa,  Cobnrn .  2.00 

Farm  Grasses  in  Unitea  States,  Spill¬ 
man  .  1.00 

Clovers  and  How  to  Grow  Them,  Shaw  1.00 

The  Potato.  Fh-aser  . .75 

Tomato  Culture,  Tracy . 50 

[  Celery  Culture,  Beattie . 50 

r  Bean  Culture.  Sevey . 50 

Asparagus.  Hexamer  . 50 

Mushrooms,  Falconer  .  1.00 

New  Rhubarb,  Culture,  Morse . 50 

Greenhouse  Construction,  Taft .  1.50 

Greenhouse  Management,  Taft .  1.50 

Chrysanthemum  Culture,  Herrington..  .50 

riant  Culture,  Oliver . 1.50 

The  Rose,  Kingsley .  2.00 

Landscape  Gardening,  Waugh . 50 

How  to  Plan  the  Home  Grounds,  Par¬ 
sons  .  1.00 

Ornamental  Gardening,  Long .  1.50 

The  Small  Country  Place,  Maynard..  1.50 
Hedges,  Windbreaks  and  Shelters, 

Powell . 50 

A  B  C  of  Bee  Culture.  Root .  1.50 

Our  Insect  Friends  and  Enemies,  Smith  1.50 

Economic  Entomology,  Smith .  2.50 

Vinegar  and  Acetates,  Brannt .  5.00 

Feeds  and  Feedings,  Henry .  2.25 


■*  DCUO  UiiU  D  IHU1  y  ,  . 

THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

:  409  PEARL  ST.,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


7T« 


RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


June  24,  1911. 


SAVE  HALF  Your 
Paint  Bills 

By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT  — proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 
Only  Paint  endorsed  by  the  “Grange.*' 
Made  in  all  colors, — for  all  purposes. 
DELIVERED  FREE. 

From  the  Mill  Direct  to  You  at  Factory  Prices. 

INGERSOLL  PAINT  BOOK  — FREE 

Telle  all  about  Pi^et  and  Painting  for  Durability. 
How  to  avoid  trof&le  and  expense  caused  by  paint# 
fading,  chalking  and  peeling.  Valuable  information 
free  to  you.  with  Sample  Color  Cards.  Write  me.  DO 
IT  HOW.  I  can  lave  you  money. 

0.  W.  Ingersoll,  24b  Plymouth  8t.,  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 


JACOBSON 

SELF-CONTAINED  ENGINE  WITH  AUTOMATIC  DRAINING 
WATER  TANK. 

No  Freezing  No  Overheating 

No  Large  Water  Tank 

The  Agency  is  available  in  some  sections  and 


111 


valuable  in  all. 

JACOBSON  MACHINE  MFG.  CO. 

Irvine  Street  Warren, Pa. 


$50  TO  S300  SAVED 


We  are  manufacturers,  not  merchants.  Save  dealers, 
jobbers  and  catalog  house  profit.  I’ll  save  you  from 
850  to  8300  on  my  High  Grade  Standard  Gasoline 
Engines  from  1  %  to  28  H.-P.  price  direct  to  you 
lower  than  dealers  or  jobbers  have  to  pay  for 
sim.'tareng’nes  in  carload  lots  for  spot  cash.  Direct 

From 
y  Fac- 

Price  and  quality  speak  for  themselves  tory  on  30 

and  you  are  to  be  the  sole  judge.  , V'&Jy  Pay®’  Free 

Sell  your  poorest  horse  and  buy  a  jFSi'Jv'  Trial.  Satisiac- 

S-H.-P.  only $119.50 

lal  proposition.  All 
|GALLOWAY;b  ^  "  S/  You  pay  me  is  for  raw 


IIV . 


material,  labor  and 
one  small  profit.  Send  for 

my  big  BOOK  FREE. 

Wm.  Galloway,  Pres. 
Wm.  Galloway  Co. 
CG5  Galloway  StaUO® 
W  aterloo,  low* 


/3More.Water^tw£ 

“American”  Centrifugal  Pump 


than  by  others  because  the  impeller 
is  accurately  machined  to  the  casing, 
preventing  any  sudden 
change  in  direction 
of  the  water.  Not 
an  ounce  of  power 
is  wasted.  Every 
“American”  Cen¬ 
trifugal  absolutely 
guaranteed. 

Write  for  new 
catalog. 

THE  AMERICAN  WELL  WORKS 
Offiee  find  Works,  Aurora,  III, 

First  National  Bank  Building,  CHICAGO 


Water  in  Quantity 


all  over  your  farm-house,  field 
or  bam— pumped  without  cost  or 
trouble  for  you  by 
an  automatic  Xiife 

_ — -  Ram.  Raises 

yAvater  30  feet  for  each  foot  of  fall 
r— no  trouble  or  pumping  oxpense. 

I  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Booklet, 

I  plans,  estimate,  FREE. 

RIFE  ENGINE  CO.,  2429  Trinity  Bldg.  N.Y. 


BULLETIN  33 

Containing  the  complete  farm  uses  of  Avenarius 
Carbolineum  will  be  mailed  free  upon  request. 
Country  Gentleman  says:  "  Every  reader  should 
have  it.”  The  entire  agricultural  press  endorses 
its  use,  as  does  the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture. 

CARBOLINEUM  WOOD  PRESERVING  CO. 

181  Franklin  St-,  New  York,  N.Y. 


LARK’SCUTAWAY' 


ore  the  results  of 
George  M.  Clark's 
20  years'  experience 


with  grass  growing  and  hay-tool  making. 
The  original  "Cutaways"  ore  great  labor 
6avcrs  as  well  as  big  crop  makers.  Send 
today  for  our  new  booklet  Intensive 
Cultivation."  It’s  free. 

CUTAWAY  HARROW  CO. 

839  Main  St.  Eigganum,  Conn. 


PORTER 

HAY  CARRIER 

Has  wide  open  mouth  and 
swinging  fork  pulley.  Fills 
liay  mow  full  to  the  roof.  Is 
without  exception  best  hay 
Carrier  in  the  United  States. 

We  also  make  Litter  Carriers, 
Steel  Stalls  and  Cattle  Stanchions. 
Send  for  Catalogue 
J.  E.  PORTER  CO.,  OTTAWA,  ILL. 


HAY 

CAPS 


Stack,  Implement,  Wagon 
and  Farm  Covers,  Water¬ 
proof  or  Plain  Canvas. 
Plant  Bed  Cloth. 
Waterproof  Sheeting,  Tents,  etc. 
Henry  Derby,  123-Y  Chambers  St.,  NewYork 


CONTROLS, 


RApEATj 


Benjamin  Franklin 
Originator  of 
Lightning  Conductors 


i  -£3©- 


Don't  Let  It  Strike  Your  Home 

You  may  have  protection — positive,  asssured,  guaranteed.  The 
cost  is  small.  The  investment  is  made  just  once,  while  the  protection 
continues  year  after  year.  Look  into 

The  DODD  SYSTEM 

of  Lightning  Control 

It  is  for  you  and  everyone  who  places  the  safety  of  his 
home  and  family  above  a  few  paltry  dollars. 

Its  effectiveness  has  been  demonstrated  thousands  of 
times.  Tbe  loss  from  lightning  runs  into  millions  of 
dollars  every  year.  Three  out  of  every  four  of  all  the  fires 
in  the  country  are  caused  by  it.  Yet  not  a  single 
building  of  all  the  many  thousands  that  have  D.-S. 

Lightning  Rods  upon  them  has  ever  been  destroyed  or 
even  damaged  by  lightning. 

Over  2000  Fire  Insurance  Companies  have,  by  special 
resolution,  unequivocally  endorsed  Prof.  Dodd  and  his 
System.  They  grant  20  per  cent,  or  more  reduction  in  rates 
on  buildings  protected  with  D.-S.  Lightning  Rods. 

No  such  wonderful  endorsement  was  ever  given  to  any  other  light¬ 
ning  rod  concern  in  the  world. 

The  Dodd  System  includes  right  installation.  Every  detail  is  looked 
after.  Every  building  is  a  separate  problem.  Our  agents  are  thoroughly 
schooled  and  trained.  They  operate  under  special  license 
and  authority,  which  must  be  renewed  every  year. 

The  Dodd  System  of  protection  is  guaran¬ 
teed  to  you  under  a  personal,  binding  con¬ 
tract  If  your  buildings  are  ever  damaged 
it  is  made  good  or  your  money  is  refunded. 

Delays  are  dangerous.  Protect  your  home  and 
family  this  year.  Start  this  day  by  writing  for  Wejt  Dodd 

our  great  lightning  rod  book,  with  the  laws  of  Originator  of  the  Dodd 
lightning,  vivid  pictures  of  lightning,  explanations,  System 
guarantee,  agreement  to  make  good  damages,  etc. ,  FREE.  Address 

Dodd  &  Strothers,  437  6th  Ave.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa 


ff'e^ 

tojPo*er*th 

for  <;  *orlc  *t>'i 


Saved  over  $100  a  month! 

Mr.  Bert  Brown  of  Wasco,  Ill.  saved  over 
$100.00  a  month  and  turned  a  losing  proposi¬ 
tion  into  a  winning  one  by  usingan Sdppleton 
• Self  Feed  Silo  Filler,  and.  feeding  his  cattle 
silage.  Experience  has  proven  that  silage  is 
a  cheap  and  very  valuable  feed.  It  stimu¬ 
lates  the  appetite  and  aids  digestion. 
Healthy  animals  mean  greater  profit.  Pro¬ 
gressive  farmers  everywhere  are  now  placing 
their  orders  for 


APPLETON 


SILO  FILLER 

—made  in  three  sizes:  for  custom  work— 26-A,  neighborhood 
work  18-A,  individual  work  15-A.  Has  a  solid  oak  frame; 
positive  feed;  traveling  self-feed  apron;  big  throat  capacity, 
four  spiral  tool  steel  knives;  special  springs  to  prevent 
binding  and  clogging;  one  lever  starts  and  stops  both 
feed  rollers  and  apron;  flexible  swivel  top  distri¬ 
butor,  handy  side  table,  detachable  foot  board, 
safety  device  to  prevent  breakage.  Changed 
from  “ready  forthe  road”  to  “ready  for  busi¬ 
ness”  in  few  minutes.  Write  today  for  free 
illustrated  catalog. 


APPLETON  MFG.  CO. 

427  Fargo  St., 
Batavia,  III. 

o  - 


toK  shoRwEioEu  The  BLIZZARD  RELIABLE  ENSILAGE  CUTTER 

You  can’t  afford  tobuy  anyensilage  cutter  until  you  have  examined  the  Blizzard 
which  has  40  years  of  success  behind  it.  Equipped  with  improved  wind 

elevator,  knives  that  can  be  adjusted 
rhile  running.  Self-feeding  table. 
Tested  by  50%  greater  strain  than  i9 
TTver  called  for  in  actual  use.  Felly 
guaranteed.  Sold  ready  for  use.  Only  3  pieces. 
Write  for  “Why  Silage  Pays”  and  ‘  The  Evi¬ 
dence.”  Sent  free  together  with  latest  catalog 
of  Blizzard  cutters. 


JOS.  DICK  MFC.  COMPANY 

1426  West  Tuscarawas  St.  Canton,  Ohio 


All  steel  construction— Steel 
pitman  and  plunger  mounted  on 
w  roller  bearings— Smooth,  silent  action— 

^  No  jar  or  jerk— Speed  up  to  36  strokes  per  minute. 

r  Automatic  Block  Dropper — drops  block  at  right  time— 
r  prevents  accidents  or  injury  to  operators  and  avoids 
loss  o£  time.  The  ••Ohio”  is 

The  Only  Automatic  Hay  Press 

on  the  market.  Investigate  our  non-breakable,  automatic  relief  clutch  feeder.  Powerful  and  efficient. 
Insuring  great  capacity.  Our  book  explains  details  of  various  features.  Mailed  free.  We  don’t  ask  you 
to  buy,  simply  investigate  before  investing  your  money — Remember  back  of  our  press  stands  the  “Famous 
Ohio”  factory— a  positive  guarantee  of  best  service  and  highest  quality.  Write  postal  now— address 

THE  OHIO  CULTIVATOR  CO.  105  Ohio  St.  Bellevue,  Ohio 


FillYourSiloFirstl 

Pay  Afterwards 

I  Wo  want  to  prove  to  you  that  our  machine* 
are  a  good  investment  before  you  give  up 
[your  money.  We  know  they  are  so  good  that 
e  do  not  feel  it  a  risk  to  M 
make  this  offer.  Just  tell  S&  In  our 
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Year 


SILOFILLINQ 

machinery! 

ha«61  years'experience  behind  it — more  experience 
than  any  other  machinery  of  ita  kind  made.  It  has 
thousands  of  enthusiastic  owners  in  every  dairy  and 
intensive  farming  district  in  tho  U.  S.  It  is  not  only 

FULLY  GUARANTEED 

to  bo  froo  from  defeats  at  all  times  but  also  to  Vie 
the  strongest,  most  durable  and  modern  of  any- 
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mine  this  before  you  buy.  Ask  an  expert's  advice  if 
you  care  to. 

Our  large  free  eatalog  shows  our  complete  lint. 
Write  for  it. 

E.  W.  ROSS  CO. Box  IS  Springfiold,  Ohio  ] 

W .  mlso  manufacture  the  Ross  Silo 

A  aomplete  stock  of  machines  and  repairs  carried 
with  The  FairbanksCo.,  Syracuse,  N.Y.,  Mallalieu 
<fc  Conrey,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Brinton  &  Worth, 
Westchester  Pa.,Fred  B.Fuller,Gouverneur,N. Y. 


II  A 


HARDER  MFG.  CO. 

BOX  11  COBLESKILL,  N.Y. 


TW 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOR 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THl 
IUARANTEED  MONEY-SAVING 


strongest  built,  simplest  to  put  up  and  easiest  operated 
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continuous  open-door  front — air-tight  door  and  per* 
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THE  UNADILLA  SILO 

Is  superior  to  any  other  offered. 
A  practical  Silo  for  a  sensible 
farmer.  Write  for  our 
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why  it  is  the  best. 

We  also  manufacture  Farm 
Water  Tubs  and  are  New  Eng¬ 
land  representatives  for  Papec 
Cutters  and  are  in  position  to 
quote  low  prices  upon  receipt  of 
inquiry.  Extra  discount  for 
early  orders.  Agents  wanted. 

THE  UNADILLA  SILO  CO.,  Inc.,  Box  B,  UNADILLA,  N.  V- 


GREEN  MOUNTAIN  SILOS 

Write  TODAY  for  Booklet  to 
CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MANUFACTURING  CO 
338  West  St.,  Rutland,  Vt. 

Philadelphia  SILOS 


have  a  10  year  reputation  for  strength  and  efficiency. 
Posiitively  tho  only  Silos  made  that  have  an  Opening 
Roof — Only  Continuous  Open  Front.  Our  30  ft.  Silo 
equals  other  36  ft.  Silos  capacity.  Over  5,000  in  use. 
Opening  roof  works  automatically — permits  Silos  be¬ 
ing  fully  packed.  Also  splendid  line  in  Water  Tanks, 
Gasoline  Engines,  Pumps,  etc.  Get  free  catalogue. 

E.  F.  SCHLICHTER  CO..  129  Fuller  Bldg.,  Pliila.,  Pa. 


INOCULATED  ALFALFA  SOIL 

7 r>  cents  per  hundred,  $10.00  per  ton.  F.  O.  B.  Ash* 
ville,  Pa.  Send  for  FREE  booklet  “  How  to  Grow 
Alfalfa.”  Dr.  H.  SOMERVILLE,  Chest  Springs, 
Cambria  County,  Pa. 


Hay  Unloader 

This  Hoist  is  designed  to 
meet  the  needs  of  farmers 
who  have  Gas  or  Steam 
Power,  and  is  of  especial 
interest  for  theiruse  inun- 
loading  liny  and  grain,  and 
in  filling  the  ice  houso  and 
storing  feed,  etc.  Write  for 
full  particulars  and  price. 
John  Farrell.  Newton,  N.  J 


IRELAND 
HAY  HOIST 

GEARED 

Saves  one  man 
and  team.  Man 
on  load  operates 
machine  by  pull¬ 
ing  a  small  rope 
attached  to  lever 
whenever  he  has  the  fork 
Capacity  or  sling  full,  ready  to 

1500  Lbs.  hoist.  The  machine  stops 

instantly  when  he  releases  lever  rope,  drop- 

ping  load  at  any  point.  Only  3  H.  P.  gasoline  engine  requir¬ 
ed.  Takes  oil  a  load  of  hay,  ice  or  anything  that  has  to  bo 
elevated  to  a  height,  quicker  and  easier  than  any  machine  on 

thWRI<TrK<TODAY  FOR  FULL  PARTICULARS  about  Single 
Drum.  Double  Drum  and  S«lf  Acting  Brake.  Givo  speed 
of  engine  and  size  of  drive  pulley. 

IRELAND  MACHINE  &  FOUNDRY  CO. 
14  State  Street  Norwich,  N.  Y. 


About  the  only  other  libel  against  the  Jersey  is 
that  she  is  “delicate that  she  will  not  stand  rough 
usage  and  hardship.  Well,  that  is  not  a  very  seri¬ 
ous  charge,  for  no  sane  man  will  ask  a  dairy  cow  to 
“rough  it.”  But  by  “roughing  it”  I  don’t  mean  that 
she  cannot  go  out  on  the  hillsides  and  pick  her  liv¬ 
ing — for  she  can.  She  is  quick  and  nervous,  and  she 
will  pick  her  living  from  a  pasture  where  one  of  the 
clumsy,  coarse-made,  sluggish  dispositioned  cows 
would  starve.  As  proof  that  they  are  a  healthy  breed, 
I  will  wager  that  you  can  find  more  old  cows  in  the 
herds  of  Jerseys  than  in  any  other  breed.  I  owned 
one  imported  cow  until  she  was  19  years  old,  and  I 
often  find  that  my  cows  do  their  best  work  after  they 
are  10  years  old.  Only  last  week  a  Jersey  cow  13 
years  old  sold  at  auction  for  $7,000,  and  a  six-year-old 
bull  brought  $15,000.  This  is  a  very  fair  indication 
that  there  are  discriminating  buyers,  who  understand 


■  „  S  •*.  *  ,  ’  •->  .  • 


THE  “RICH  MAN’S  PLAYTHING” 

And  the  Poor  Man’s  Tool. 

When  a  rich  man  takes  a  notion  to  own  a  cow,  he 
usually  gets  a  registered  Jersey.  This  practice  is  so 
common  that  the  Jersey  is  often  spoken  of  as  “the 
rich  man’s  plaything,”  especially  by  those  who  wish 
to  cast  a  slur  on  the  best  of  cows.  Now  I  am  per¬ 
fectly  willing  to  let  it  go  that  way.  Rich  men  are 
generally  men  of  good  judgment,  or  they  would  not 
be  rich.  They  are  usually  men  of  good  taste,  be¬ 
cause  they  have  had  the  training  and  associations  to 
develop  good  taste.  When  such  a  man  goes  out  to 
buy  a  cow  he  buys  a  handsome  animal.  He  selects 
a  nice  fawn,  a  squirrel  grey  or  a  golden  brown,  be¬ 
cause  such  an  animal  is  more  pleasing  to  the  artistic 
temperament  and  looks  better  out  on  the  lawn  than 
one  built  on  the  startling  checker-board  plan.  He 
selects  the  Jersey  be¬ 
cause  he  knows  that  she 
gives  at  least  as  rich 
milk  as  any  other  cow, 
and  the  rich  man’s  stom¬ 
ach  is  called  upon  to 
hold  so  many  good 
things  that  he  cannot 
afford  to  fill  it  with 
three  per  cent  milk  to 
filter  out  the  little  nour¬ 
ishment  in  it.  He  buys 
a  Jersey  because  his 
business  training  has 
taught  him  that  the  thing 
that  brings  in  the  great¬ 
est  results  from  the  least 
expense  to  maintain  is 
the  most  profitable,  and 
in  every  public  test  for 
the  past  25  years  the 
Jersey  has  demonstrated 
her  ability  to  make  a 
greater  profit  over  cost 
of  production  than  any 
other  cow. 

If  these  things  are 
true,  why  is  not  the 
Jersey  cow  just  as  good 
for  the  poor  man  as  the 
rich  man?  The  poor 
dairyman  must  necessar¬ 
ily  spend  much  of  his 
time  with  his  cows. 

That  in  itself  is  a  rea¬ 
son  why  he  should  own 
cows  pleasant  to  look 
upon.  Then  again,  if 

three  Jerseys  will  eat  no  more  than  two  of  another  the  superiority  of  this  breed,  and  are  willing  to  pay 
breed,  and  yet  produce  just  as  much,  animal  for  ani-  high  prices  for  stock  carrying  a  fair  amount  of  the 


IN  A  MICHIGAN  DAIRY  PASTURE.  Fig.  258. 


mal,  is  it  not  extravagance  to  feed  to  two  cows  that 
which  should  keep  three  profitable  animals  of  another 
breed. 

You  say  the  Jersey  is  small  and  will  produce  but 
little  beef,  but  please  remember  that  it  has  cost  no 
more  to  build  up  that  frame  pound  for  pound  than  it 
does  one  of  the  coarse  dairy  breeds.  But  there  is  a 
difference  in  favor  of  the  Jersey  even  from  a  beef 
point.  If  you  have  ever  eaten  Jersey  beef  you  know 
that  the  fiber  of  the  meat  is  finer  and  more  juicy  than 


blood  of  famous  ancestors. 


J.  GRANT  HORSE. 


GUFF  IN  THE  NURSERY  BUSINESS. 

Con  you  inform  me  as  to  the  reliability  of  Pan  Handle 
Nurseries,  Greenfield,  Ind.,  J.  K.  Ilenby  &  Son?  They 
are  placing  commercial  peach  orchards,  claiming  hybrid 
peaches  of  their  growth,  raising  larger  poaches,  three  times 
longer  life,  than  budded  peaches,  such  as  other  large 
nurseries  offer  for  six  to  nine  cents  each.  They  ask  GO 
cents  or  30  cents  each.  They  prune  them  three  years  and 
receive  one-half  of  third  year’s  crop.  a.  m.  d. 

Michigan. 


Financially  this  company  has  a  fair  rating  and  ap- 
the  coarsely-made  carcass,  just  as  the  Mediterranean  pears  to  be  responsible.  Our  information  is  that  their 
breeds  of  chickens  furnish  finer  grained  and  “sweeter”  agents  tell  big  stories  about  the  superior  quality  of 
meat  than  the  heavy  Asiatic  fowls  which  excel  the  their  stock  and  varieties.  We  understand  they  have 
others  in  mere  quantity.  offered  “frost  proof”  or  Canada  hard-wood  peaches 


at  one  dollar  each !  There  never  was  a  frost-proof 
peach,  though  it  is  known  that  some  varieties — like 
Crosby — will  endure  quite  severe  cold.  We  do  not 
like  the  sort  of  business  this  company  is  reported  as 
doing.  We  would  not  buy  their  so-called  “hybrid” 
peaches  at  five  to  10  times  what  reputable  nurseries 
charge  for  standard  varieties.  Such  an  offer  has 
the  earmarks  of  a  fake  which  has  been  often  worked 
on  fruit  growers.  As  for  the  scheme  of  planting  a 
“commercial”  orchard  to  be  pruned  and  cared  for  on 
contract — forget  about  it  as  soon  as  you  can.  Do 

not  under  any  circumstances  pay  any  money  or  sign 
any  contract  in  a  bargain  with  such  promoters.  The 
game  is  an  old  one  and  will  lead  you  to  sorrow  and 
loss.  Far  better  give  the  money  to  your  wife. 

CULTIVATING  WITH  A  HAY  RAKE. 

The  following  method  of  putting  in  crops  I  have 

tried  for  so  many  years 
that  it  ought  to  be  called 
a  success,  and  entitled 
to  a  general  trial.  I 

have  applied  it  in  garden 

and  field,  and  with  un¬ 

varying  good  results, 
both  in  crop  production 
and  saving  of  labor.  In 

the  midst  of  a  severe 

drought  I  have  a  good 
garden,  and  the  best  plot 
of  field  corn  that  I  have 
seen. 

After  putting  the 
ground  in  good  condi¬ 
tion  with  some  form  of 
disk  or  Cutaway  and 
drag  or  clod-crusher,  I 
furrow  the  piece  deeply 
with  a  one-horse  plow, 
going  twice  in  the  row 
to  get  it  straight  as  well 
as  deep.  This  is  impor¬ 
tant,  and  a  little  better 
work  may  be  done  with 
a  marker.  Fig.  259  shows 
the  end  elevation  when 
the  piece  is  ready  for 
the  seed.  The  furrows 
are  five  to  six  inches 
deep  from  the  level.  The 
planter  may  be  run  in  the 
deep  furrows,  or  the 
seed  dropped  by  hand 
directly  in  the  hard 
bottom  of  furrow.  If 
hand  planted,  it  is  cov¬ 
ered  by  a  single  dash  of  earth  from  the  side  of  the 
furrow  with  the  hoe,  the  operator  stepping  upon  the 
hill  to  compact  it,  as  he  passes  quickly  along,  but 
no  attempt  is  made  to  get  much  dirt  into  the  fur¬ 
row,  which  looks  much  as  if  nothing  were  planted. 
If  one  fears  to  put  it  in  so  deeply,  he  may  run  the 
planter  between  the  furrows,  leaving  a  good  ridge 
as  before  on  either  side.  The  piece  is  now  left  for 
a  few  days  till  the  ridges  are  dry,  and  the  seed  just 
coming  through  the  ground.  Then  the  most  impor¬ 
tant  part  of  the  system.  A  good  forkful  of  straw 
or  hay  is  spread  upon  the  ground,  wetted  a  little,  and 
the  horse  rake  run  through  it  to  gather  it  evenly. 
The  rake  is  then  run  lengthwise  of  the  planted  rows, 
with  one  wheel  at  least  in  a  deep  rut,  cutting  off  the 
tops  of  the  ridges,  rolling  a  mass  of  fine  soil  down 


71  & 


q?HE  RURAfc  NEW-YORKER 


upon  the  seed,  and  destroying  all  newly  germinated 
weeds,  so  that  the  plants  come  up  in  soft,  clean  soil. 
The  straw  holds  the  rake  down  and  insures  a  com¬ 
plete  top-working  of  the  land.  I  long  used  the  rake 
to  cultivate  asparagus  in  dry  seasons,  but  the  addi¬ 
tion  of  straw  or  trash  to  make  it  dig  deep  is  a  new 
thing,  which  I  learned  after  raking  grass  roots  off 
when  putting  in  grass  seed. 

After  this,  at  intervals  of  a  few  days,  when  crop 
is  up,  the  rake  is  run  over  the  piece  again,  but  with¬ 
out  the  straw,  giving  the  top  a  good  stirring,  and  not 
injuring  the  plants  while  working  closely  among  them. 
My  corn,  hand  planted,  has  now  been  raked  three 
times  and  cultivated  lightly  once ;  the  land  is  nearly 
level,  the  crop  has  good  color,  and  hardly  a  hill  is 
missing.  A  weeder  does  no  such  thorough  work, 
especially  at  the  first  operation.  If  the  piece  is  cov¬ 
ered  with  coarse  manure,  not  well  worked  in,  which 
would  hinder  raking,  the  drag,  or  clod-crusher,  is 
used,  and  the  ridges  quite  well  leveled  at  the  first 
operation.  I  have  put  in  corn,  peas,  beans  and  pota¬ 
toes  as  above,  and  never  failed  to  get  a  good  crop. 
The  seed  always  comes  up  well,  and  the  subsequent 
cultivation  is  comparatively  easy. 

In  Fig.  259,  No.  1,  the  ridges  are  shown  as  first 
made,  and  in  No.  2  after  the  weighted  rake  has  been 
once  used.  The  seed  covered  so  lightly,  gets  the 
heat  of  the  sun  and  starts  quickly,  while  on  the  ridges 
the  weeds  start  quickly  also  and  at  the  first  working 
are  buried  and  destroyed.  After  the  furrows  are 
made  the  soil  is  kept  continually  tumbling  down  hill, 
reversing  the  common  method  of  hilling,  which  is 
continually  building  up  about  the  plant.  Our  soil 
is  a  clay  loam.  G.  s.  paine. 

Maine. 

PROTECTING  TREES  IN  MULCHED 
ORCHARDS. 

In  changing  from  cultivated  orchard  would  it  be  ad¬ 
visable  to  place  common  creek  shale  the  size  of  gravel 
to  keep  weeds  and  grass  from  growing  close  to  trees 
(apples)  in  a  sod?  Cover  crop  is  clover,  trees  eight  years 
planted  and  bearing.  Which  would  be  best,  clover  or 
Red-top  grass  to  be  clipped  and  left  lie,  or  may  clover 
be  cut  for  seed?  Trees  are  extra  healthy  and  make 
two  to  three  feet  of  growth.  Would  coal  cinders  be 
better,  say  three  feet  around  tree?  About  200  trees. 

West  Dover,  O.  G.  s.  w. 

As  between  creek  gravel  and  cinders  for  mounding 
trees  to  protect  from  mice  I  should  prefer  the  cinders. 
Field  mice  will  not  burrow  through  cinders,  neither  do 
they  seem  to  fancy  burrowing  in  the  surface  soil  imme¬ 
diately  beneath  the  cinders  as  they  will  do  under  a 
covering  of  stones  or  coarse  gravel.  Should  they  do 
so  it  is  an  easy  matter  to  tamp  the  cinders  down  firmly 
with  an  ordinary  post  tamper,  as  they  are  both  fine  and 
comparatively  light.  After  tamping,  two  or  three  shov¬ 
elfuls  of  fresh  cinders  may  be  added  to  reform  the 
mound  which  need  not  be  larger  than  16  or  18  inches 
at  the  base  and  eight  or  10  inches  in  height.  If  it  be 
more  convenient  to  use  gravel  care  should  be  taken 
that  it  be  so  fine  that  there  will  be  no  spaces  between 
the  pieces  large  enough  to  harbor  mice.  Should  the 
mice  burrow  beneath  the  gravel,  in  the  surface  soil, 
it  is  more  difficult  to  tamp  down  than  cinders,  and 
when  thus  compacted  by  tamping  about  the  base  of  the 
tree  might,  after  repeating  the  operation  two  or  three 
times,  become  so  hard  as  to  injure  the  crown  of  the 
tree.  However,  if  the  gravel  be  fine  enough  to  insure 
exclusion  of  mice,  and  a  broad,  low  mound  be  formed, 
there  would  probably  be  no  trouble  from  mice  burrow¬ 
ing  beneath  it!  In  my  own  home  orchard  where  both 
cinders  and  gravel  are  unavailable,  I  use  a  small  mound 
of  soil  about  the  bases  of  the  trees,  tamping  down  each 
Autumn  and  adding  a  few  shovelfuls  of  fresh  soil  to 
maintain  the  oval  form.  With  this  precaution  soil  will 
answer  as  well  as  either  cinders  or  gravel;  indeed  I 
prefer  the  soil  to  the  gravel.  The  little  mounds  at  the 
bases  of  the  trees  are  kept  clean  of  snow,  usually,  by 
the  force  of  the  wind,  and  are  first  to  become  exposed 
when  the  snow  does  cover  them,  by  the  melting  away 
of  the  snow. 

After  using  various  grasses  for  a  covering  of  an  or¬ 
chard  to  be  mulched,  I  have  decided  upon  and  am 
using  at  my  own  place  a  mixture  of  Red-top,  Blue 
grass  and  Alsike  clover.  While  I  have  not  experi¬ 
mented  with  different  quantities  of  seed  per  acre,  I  am 
using  this  mixture  at  the  rate  of  10  pounds  each  of 
Red-top  and  Kentucky  Blue  grass  and  five  pounds  of 
Alsike  per  acre.  By  May  7  there  was  a  beautiful  set 
of  grass  on  several  steep  hillside  strips  between  the 
tree  rows,  seeded  in  April  of  1910.  Other  strips 
seeded  several  years  ago  are  still  in  fine  condition, 
the  Red-top  of  course  predominating,  although  our 
conditions  are  most  excellent  for  both  Red-top  and 
Blue  grass.  Our  hill*slopes  in  the  areas  more  recently 
planted  to  apple  trees  are  so  steep  that  it  is  almost 
necessary  to  cultivate  the  strips  between  the  rows  a 
couple  of  seasons  to  terrace  the  surface  slightly  so 
that  the  spray  outfit  can  more  easily  and  safely  be 


handled.  After  this  we  promptly  seed  to  grass  and 
mulch  the  trees.  When  once  clothed  in  a  good  sod  of 
mixed  grasses  I  would  not  have  the  ground  rebroken 
for  any  consideration.  Cultivation  on  such  steep 
slopes  very  soon  ruins  the  land  by  the  better  part  of  it 
being  carried  away  by  washing.  f.  h.  ballou. 

Ohio. 

ADVICE  ON  “BACK  TO  THE  LAND.” 

It  is  a  notable  fact  that  just  now  the  attention  of 
many  residents  of  our  larger  towns  and  cities  is  being 
attracted  to  country  life,  attended  with  a  desire  to 
change  their  vocation  by  following  the  pursuit  of 
agriculture.  Before  doing  so  it  will  be  well  for  them 
to  consider  what  the  alluring  watchword  “Back  to  the 
soil'’  signifies.  To  those  having  an  abundance  of 
means  and  having  a  practical  knowledge  of  farm 
work,  or  who  can  afford  to  employ  an  experienced 
manager  to  superintend  the  work,  with  soil  favorable 
for  crop  production,  with  all  the  modern  improve¬ 
ments  now  existing  to  make  country  and  farm  life 
agreeable,  the  pleasurable  results  imagined  may  be 
fully  realized.  But  with  the  large  majority  having  no 
practical  knowledge  of  the  requirements  for  success¬ 
ful  farming  and  obliged  to  assume  more  or  less  in¬ 
debtedness  for  a  farm,  the  matter  assumes  an  en¬ 
tirely  different  aspect. 

To  those  fully  decided,  however,  to  make  the 
change  no  set  rules  or  directions  can  be  laid  down 
for  them  to  follow.  The  writer  having  spent  a  life 
work  on  a  farm  in  western  New  York,  would  recom¬ 
mend  this  as  an  ideal  locality,  provided  the  inten¬ 
tion  is  to  engage  in  hay,  grain  and  fruit  growing 
principally,  all  of  which  thrives  best  on  our  limestone 
soil.  If  dairying  is  preferred  a  more  broken  and  hilly 
section  of  the  State  could  be  selected,  undoubtedly  at. 
less  cost  per  acre. 


In  all  localities  different  grades  and  qualities  of  soil 
will  be  found  and  held  at  different  prices,  many  por¬ 
tions  of  which  to  be  made  productive  only  require  a 


CULTIVATING  WITH  HAY  RAKE.— Fig.  259. 


thorough  system  of  tile  drainage,  eventully  converting 
it  into  the  most  productive  and  profitable  part  of  the 
farm ;  as  the  fertility  is  already  there,  and  of  sufficient 
quantity  for  several  years’  time. 

Accordingly  these  naturally  low  undrained  lands 
should  not  deter  one  from  purchasing,  provided  a 
reasonable  reduction  is  made  in  the  price  for  such 
quality  of  land.  No  one  should  be  influenced  to 
make  an  investment  in  land  without  a  personal  in¬ 
spection,  also  acquiring  all  the  information  possible 
from  farmers  in  the  same  locality.  In  case  of  a  final 
purchase,  the  buyer  should  not  have  the  impression 
that  nature  will  do  it  all,  but  should  realize  that  to 
attain  success  a  lot  of  hard  work,  long  hours  and  strict 
economy  must  be  practised  ere  the  desired  results  may 
be  attained.  Long  before  it  is  accomplished  it  will  be 
learned  that  but  a  small  share  of  the  consumer’s  dol¬ 
lar  that  has  been  paid  for  the  products  of  his  farm 
has  eventually  found  its  way  into  his  own  pocket. 

Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y.  irving  d.  cook. 

LIGHT  ON  A  LIGHTNING-ROD  MAN. 

If  “F.  C.  H.’s”  husband,  page  678,  is  swindled  by 
Mr.  Bowers  or  Bower,  “the  lightning  rod  man,”  I 
shall  feel  that  it  was  partly  through  my  habit  of 
postponement,  as  I  long  ago  intended  to  ask  you  to 
advertise  him  in  the  “Publisher’s  Desk.”  I  made 
the  acquaintance  of  a  Mr.  C.  W.  Bower  late  last 
Summer.  He  drove  through  this  part  of  the  country 
offering  to  rod  barns,  one  in  each  locality,  merely  as 
an  advertisement.  It  made  no  difference  as  to  the 
size  of  the  barn.  The  fee  was  nominal,  $14,  or  $10, 
or  $5,  or  even  less  if  you  haggled  with  him.  If  Mrs. 
“F.  C.  H.”  will  read  the  contract  carefully  she  will 
find  that  the  work  will  be  charged  for  at  about  70 
cents  per  foot,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the 
facile  Mr.  Bower  has  written  in,  “and  furnish  (so 
many)  feet  of  wire  free,”  that  is,  as  many  feet  as  it 
will  take  to  rod  the  barn.  This,  I  believe,  is  an  old 
game.  Mr.  Bower  will  rod  the  barn  all  right,  but 
the  price  will  be  $100  or  so,  and  “F.  C.  H.”  will  have 
a  nice  coil  of  cheap  wire  left  on  his  hands  besides, 
as  a  memento.  Mr.  Bower  asks  his  prospective  vic¬ 
tim  to  be  sure  to  tell  no  one  that  the  job  is  done  for 
advertising  purposes,  but  for  the  usual  rate  of  40 
cents  per  foot.  This  will  give  him  a  fair  legal  hold 
if  the  victim  observes  it. 

Mr.  Bower  is  about  55  or  60  years  of  age,  weighs 
about  175  or  ISO  pounds,  is  slightly  bald,  has  gray 


July  1, 

hair  and  heavy  gray  moustache  and  is  an  easy  talker. 
The  fullness  under  his  eyes  denotes  eloquence.  When 
I  tore  up  a  handful  of  his  contracts  and  threatened 
to  hand  him  over  to  an  officer,  he  went  mad  with 
rage  and  poured  out  a  torrent  of  foul  names  and 
curses.  Such  is  Mr.  Bower.  He  gave  his  name  and 
address  as  C.  W.  Bower,  Oneonta,  N.  Y.,  and  his 
partner  who  did  the  rodding  was  a  Mr.  Smith  (I 
have  forgotten  his  initials),  of  Afton,  N.  Y.  Look 
out  for  them.  Tell  “F.  C.  H.”  to  have  his  shotgun 
ready  when  they  come  to  rod  the  barn. 

Schenectady  Co.,  N.  Y.  will  w.  Christman. 


DRAINING  “OOZE”  LAND  IN  KENTUCKY. 

I  am  about  to  try  draining  on  the  wet  places  on  my 
farm ;  a  novelty  in  farm  lands  in  the  Blue  grass.  Most  of 
our  Blue  grass  lands  are  rolling  or  hilly,  with  a  declivity 
of  from  five  to  10  feet  to  the  hundred ;  soil  six  to  12 
inches,  with  a  clay  subsoil  two  to  eight  or  10  feet,  then 
limestone  underlying  all.  In  the  hollows  we  often  have  sl 
flat  ranging  in  width  from  nothing  to  100  feet  in  width, 
and  rarely  exceeding  the  latter.  Wet  weather  springs  are 
frequent  at  the  junction  of  the  declivity  with  the  flat 
ground.  A  central  ditch  will  not  drain  this  flat  area,  but 
each  spring  must  have  a  separate  ditch ;  almost  making 
farm  crops  requiring  cultivation,  reaper,  mower,  etc.,  im¬ 
practicable  ;  therefore  on  each  farm  is  entailed  a  loss 
largely  of  from  one  to  live  per  cent  of  the  land,  for  in  wet 
or  seasonable  weather  you  cannot  run  a  mower  over  it ; 
besides  the  growth  is  of  such  a  character  as  to  be  of  little 
value  even  for  grazing.  We  cannot  well  plow  nor  mow, 
the  expense  is  too  great  to  keep  down  the  dock,  ironweeds 
and  other  rank  and  worthless  wild  growth,  so  as  to  let 
Red-top  and  other  grasses  grow.  Then  when  one  would 
mow,  if  clean  enough,  perhaps  too  wet,  and  when  in  cul¬ 
tivation,  not  easy  to  make  hay  on  these  narrow  strips  even 
if  clean  enough  and  dry  enough  at  the  right  time.  My 
purpose  is  to  try  the  draining  and  the  usual  rule  for 
drainage  does  not  apply  here  I  think.  I  propose  to  try 
about  one  mile  this  next  month,  and  if  a  success  about  as 
much  more  next  Spring  to  complete  the  drainage  of  my 
farm.  One  main  drain  and  four  short  detached  drains 
will  be  required,  with  70  or  more  short  lines,  .30  to  75 
or  100  foot  lengths  to  carry  water  into  main  from  the 
springs.  I  shall  use  drain  pipe  of  eight  inch,  six  inch  and 
five  inch  for  mains,  and  laterals  three  inch  and  four 
inch.  The  question  I  desire  your  advice  on  is  on  depth  for 
tile.  We  shall  not  have  trouble  as  to  fall ;  usually  one 
foot  or  more  to  the  100  feet.  As  this  tile  is  not  designed 
to  do  practically  anything,  only  take  care  of  these  several 
wet  weather  springs  (ordinarily  dry  about  four  months  in 
the  year),  my  reasoning  leads  me  to  conclude  that  a  depth 
of  18  to  24  inches  (well  beyond  plow  depth)  will  answer 
every  purpose  that  a  deeper  tile  would.  Some  places  the 
tile  will  be  only  eight  or  12  inches  apart ;  at  others  long 
distances  without  any  tiling.  Then  what  is  the  best 
method  to  keep  vermin  out  of  the  drain,  as  I  shall  have 
many  open  ends?  M.  s.  b. 

Winchester,  Ivy. 

M.  S.  B.’s  trouble  is  caused  what  in  drainage  par¬ 
lance  is  known  as  “ooze”  and  the  depth  at  which  the 
drains  should  be  placed  can  only  be  ascertained  by 
actual  digging  in  each  individual  ditch ;  ooze  is  caused 
by  water  getting  through  the  soil  at  some  higher  eleva¬ 
tion  and  passing  downyard  until  arrested  by  a  hard 
subsoil,  or — as  is  sometimes  found — the  rock  founda¬ 
tion  upon  which  it  flows  laterally  to  the  surface,  hence 
its  location  on  hillside  or  base  of  slope.  Instead  of 
running  drains  directly  into  these  spouty  places,  locate 
them  on  the  upper  hillside  just  above  where  the  water 
shows,  and  cut  the  ditch  down  until  the  hard  stratum 
is  found,  upon  which  the  water  flows  to  the  surface 
below.  In  leveling  ditches  of  this  character  I  only 
carry  the  level  notes  to  the  point  of  getting  the  eleva¬ 
tion  of  the  stations,  until  enough  digging  has  been 
done  to  show  a  desirable  depth,  after  which  the  grade 
line  can  be  run  and  the  cuts  computed. 

The  most  satisfactory  protection  to  the  outlets  of 
drains  with  me  has  been  an  iron  gate  hung  by  a 
couple  of  eye-bolts  set  in  a  concrete  bulkhead.  These - 
gates  work  on  the  same  principle  as  flood  gates  used 
where  a  fence  crosses  a  stream,  that  in  the  high  water 
of  a  freshet  would  take  the  fence  away,  the  gate  is 
swung  outward  by  the  flood,  assuming  a  vertical  po¬ 
sition  when  the  flood  subsides.  Where  an  outlet  is 
made  into  lake  or  stream  that  is  liable  to  throw  ice 
or  logs  against  the  gate  I  bring  the  face  of  bulkhead 
outside  the  swing  of  the  gate  beyond  outlet  of  the 
tile ;  this  makes  a  chamber  for  the  gate  to  swing  out 
in  and  it  would  be  a  small  end  of  log  or  piece  of  ice 
that  could  strike  it.  Screened  outlets  have  a  way  of 
clogging  with  small  rootlets  that  come  down  the 
drains.  J.  F.  van  schoonhoven. 


If  you  feel  any  compunctions  about  destroying  the  blun¬ 
dering  Junebugs,  that  wander  inside  warm  evenings,  remem¬ 
ber  that  they  are  the  parents  of  the  destructive  white 
grubs,  and  that  the  beetles  themselves  are  often  injurious 
to  trees  and  shrubs ;  they  are  also  reported  as  eating  the 
stems  of  newly  set  apples  and  pears,  causing  the  little  fruit 
to  wilt  and  drop. 

Many  of  our  worst  weeds  start  in  the  city,  says  Prof. 
Pammel  in  “Weeds  of  the  Farm  and  Garden.”  There  are 
hundreds  of  acres  in  Canada  thistle  in  Chicago,  and  in 
Gome  streets  much  of  the  perennial  sow.  thistle,  which  is 
a  menace  to  agriculture  over  a  wide  area.  Unoccupied  lands 
in  many  cities  are  great  weed  patches  and  the  weeds 
extend  from  them  to  the  i.tirms. 


1911. 


719 


RETURNS  FROM  A  SOD  APPLE  ORCHARD. 

On  April  11,  1908,  Mr.  Herbert  Allis,  of  Orleans  Co., 
N.  Y.,  made  a  statement  about  an  apple  orchard  which  ho 
had  leased.  There  were  400  apple  trees — 303  about  35 
years  set — the  balance  50  to  60  years.  The  place  had 
been  rented  for  cash  varying  from  $66  to  $150  per  year. 
The  young  orchard  was  plowed  in  1S95.  Since  then  the 
land  has  not  been  worked,  and  no  manure  or  fertilizer 
was  applied.  A  few  sheep  were  kept.  When  Mr.  Allis 
took  this  orchard  the  trees  had  not  been  pruned  in  years. 
He  gave  it  a  good  cutting — trimming  about  35  cords  of 
wood  out  of  the  brush.  The  trees  were  sprayed,  but  no 
plowing  or  cultivating  was  done.  Mr.  Allis  now  sends 
us  a  report  of  this  orchard  to  date.  Let  us  emphasize 
what  he  says,  that  this  is  no  story  of  what  a  back-to-tlie- 
lander  may  be  expected  to  do  with  any  piece  of  land. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  I  have  a  long  lease  on 
this  orchard,  and  the  first  year  was  1907 ;  also  that 
the  orchard  had  not  been  manured  or  phosphated  at 
all  for  many  years,  and  spraying  had  been  carried  on 
on  the  plan  of  spraying  only  the  trees  that  showed 
signs  of  bearing  that  year.  It  will  be  remembered 
that  trimming  had  been  neglected,  the  first  of  any 
amount  being  1907,  when  the  orchard  had  a  thinning 
out.  Nearly  all  of  the  young  300  trees  can  be  picked 
with  18  and  20-foot  ladders,  while  some  of  them  can 
be  picked  with  12-foot  ladders.  There  are  about  100 
old  trees  that  require  longer  ladders.  Following  are 
the  returns.  I  am  sorry  I  cannot  give  the  expenses 
of  the  orchard ;  nevertheless  you  can  see  the  returns 
of  an  orchard  that  has  been  in  sod  12  or  15  years, 
maybe  longer,  without  manure  or  phosphate,  except 
a  few  trees  for  experimenting  on : 

1907.  — I  sold  the  apples,  tree  run,  for  $3  picker’s 
barrel.  I  furnished  the  barrels.  I  had  1,400  barrels 
picked  apples,  15,660  pounds  of  drops  at  $1  per  100 
pounds,  4,300  pounds  at  40  cents,  5,320  pounds  at  25 
cents,  total  for  crop,  $4,387.10. 

1908.  — The  fruit  was  very  wormy  on  account  of 
not  spraying  properly.  I  sold  tree  run 
$1.15  picker’s  barrel,  without  barrel; 
had  855  barrels  picked  fruit,  30,295 
pounds  drops  at  27  cents  per  100 
pounds;  total  for  crop,  $1,065.05,  with¬ 
out  expense  of  barrels. 

1909.  — This  was  the  year  that  the  lice 
did  so  much  damage  throughout  this 
section.  I  sold  early  at  $3  a  barrel  put 
up,  but  apples  took  a  drop  and  the 
buyer  backed  out.  Afterwards  I  sold 
at  $2.67  a  barrel  put  up,  including  bar¬ 
rel;  had  176  barrels  picked  fruit,  18,030 
pounds  drops  at  50  cents ;  total  for  crop, 

$570.65. 

1910.  — I  sold  barreled  stock  at  $3  a 
barrel  put  up,  including  barrel ;  also 
part  of  drops  at  $1.75  a  barrel ;  had 
716  barrels  at  $3,  63  barrels  drops  at 
$1.75,  9,215  pounds  drops  at  40  cents ; 
total  for  crop,  $2,306.46. 

It  will  be  seen  that  this  orchard  has 
produced  $8,329.26  in  four  years,  or 
on  the  average  of  $2,082.31  a  year,  or 
$5.20  per  tree  a  year.  Does  that  look 
as  I  ought  plow  and  feed  the  poor  “starved  orchard?” 
I  say  “starved”  because  a  man  who  tills  his  orchard 
thinks  a  man  who  does  not  cultivate  is  starving  his 
trees.  I  would  like  to  say  right  here  I  don’t  believe 
every  orchard  would  prove  as  well  in  sod  as  culti¬ 
vated,  but  I  do  believe  that  if  lots  of  the  orchards 
that  are  cultivated  to-day  were  in  sod  they  would 
produce  more  clean  profits.  I  think  also  that  would 
prove  true  on  the  contrary  if  lots  of  the  sod  or¬ 
chards  were  cultivated  they  would  return  more.  The 
timt  has  come  when  a  man  can’t  be  governed  by  his 
neighbor’s  practice.  If  your  orchard  is  producing 
returns  to  satisfy  you  keep  the  good  work  on ;  if 
not  get  the  ideals  of  several  fruit  growers,  stick  to 
the  one  that  strikes  you  the  best ;  don’t  be  blown 
around  by  your  neighbor’s  wind. 

I  have  come  to  the  conclusion  that  manure  has  no 
effect  on  my  orchard.  That’s  funny,  you  say.  Yes, 
it  is  to  the  man  who  pays  large  fertilizer  and  man¬ 
ure  bills  without  experimenting.  This  orchard  is 
about  eight  rows  of  trees  wide  and  quite  long.  The 
first  row  we  left  as  a  check  row;  second  row  was 
covered  with  horse  manure;  third,  hog  manure; 
fourth,  sheep ;  all  applied  during*  Winter,  one  large 
load  to  four  trees ;  the  rest  of  rows  were  left  as  check 
rows.  I  might  add  the  manure  was  applied  during 
Winter  of  1907.  I  haven’t  been  able  to  see  any  dif¬ 
ference  in  growth  of  trees  or  amount  of  apples  pro¬ 
duced  on  the  different  rows.  I  don’t  mean  to  say 
that  manure  won’t  help  some  trees,  but  I  do  say 
I  don’t  believe  manure  will  help  all  trees.  Test  it  out, 
leave  a  few  checks,  then  study  them.  In  writing  this 
I  merely  present  a  problem  for  everyone  to  study  in 
his  own  orchard.  Herbert  aluS. 

Orleans  Co.,  N.  Y. 


THI?  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 

PROBLEMS  IN  TILE  DRAINAGE. 

Advice  for  a  Virginia  Plantation. 

I  am  interested  in  draining  the  low  grounds  of  a  large 
plantation,  and  would  be  glad  to  have  any  information  in 
the  way  of  experience  on  work  of  this  nature.  If  the  til¬ 
ing  is  placed  properly  is  there  danger  that  it  will  be  filled 
with  silt?  Which  are  the  better,  ordinary  tile  or  concrete 
(cement)  tile?  j.  b.  w. 

South  Boston,  Va. 

There  need  be  no  fear  of  silt  filling  a  well-made 
tile  drain ;  in  fact  a  properly  constructed  tile  drain  is 


4 

* 


WORKING  FORCE  ON  A  MARYLAND  FARM.  Fig.  260. 

one  of  the  most  permanent  improvements  a  farm  can 
have.  There  are,  however,  certain  rules  to  be  ob¬ 
served,  any  one  of  which  if  neglected  would  under 
some  conditions  spell  failure.  Laying  out  drains  and 
adjusting  their  grades  in  a  way  to  economize  digging 
and  utilize  all  of  the  available  fall  in  rather  level 
fields  is  an  art  to  be  acquired  only  by  much  study  and 
careful  practice,  and  after  this  is  accomplished  much 


depends  on  the  grades  where  only  light  grades  are 
available.  I  have  a  man  who  has  been  with  me  for  a 
number  of  seasons  who  commands  $2.50  per  day  and 
expenses  for  doing  this  work,  and  he  is  one  of  the 
cheapest  men  I  ever  employed,  if  quality  and  quantity 
of  work  is  considered.  We  use  the  target  method  for 


NO  ROOM  FOR  TREE  DOCTORS  HERE.  Fig.  262. 

correlating  the  grade  line,  which  I  think  is  more 
practical  in  long,  quickly  made  field  ditches  than  the 
gauge  and  line  so  much  used  in  sewers,  where  more 
men  are  worked  close  together  in  one  ditch,  but  which¬ 
ever  method  is  adopted,  see  to  it  that  no  depressions 
are  made  below  grade  line,  or  high  places  left  above 


it;  a  “’twill  do”  grader  will  destroy  the  efficiency  of 
drains  that  have  light  grades  if  he  is  not  watched. 

The  tile  must  be  carefully  laid  and  blinded  with  a 
soil  that  does  not  slush  when  wet,  and  run  in  with 
the  water.  Of  course  the  engineer  must  exercise  his 
judgment  in  this  regard,  and  to  anyone  seeking  infor¬ 
mation  about  this  farm  practice  with  a  view  of  en¬ 
gineering  his  own  work,  I  would  say  there  is  no  one 
factor  of  more  importance  than  the  kind  of  soil  used 
in  the  first  six  inches  of  tile  covering.  If  muck  or 
quicksand  is  at  grade  line  it  is  sometimes  necessary 
to  lay  the  tile  on  boards.  Avoid  submerged  outlets 
and  cover  them  with  a  floodgate  made  by  riveting  a 
piece  of  galvanized  iron  to  a  bar  hung  in  two  eye 
bolts  set  in  concrete.  I  have  had  no  experience  with 
tile  made  of  cement,  but  know  that  vitrified  clay  is 
all  right.  Don’t  use  soft  under-burned  clay;  I  have 
known  them  to  go  down  and  throw  a  drain  out  of 
commission  inside  of  five  years  from  laying,  and  they 
were  four  feet  below  the  surface.  There  is  a  feeling 
with  many  that  cement  tile  have  not  been  sufficiently 
proven,  but  my  opinion  is  that  good  lasting  tile  can  be 
made  of  this  material,  whose  nature  is  to  strengthen 
with  age,  though  some  soil  acids  are  said  to  act  on  it 
deleteriously.  j.  f.  van  schoonhoven. 


CHANGING  ALFALFA  FOR  CORN. 
Conditions  on  an  Ohio  Farm. 

On  page  622  The  R.  N.-Y.  makes  a  comment  on  a 
letter  under  this  caption.  I  want  to  make  a  correc¬ 
tion,  and  tell  readers  how  things  actually  are  here. 
Here  corn  is  sold  at  this  season  of  the  year  at  68 
pounds  per  bushel  ear  corn,  this  equalling  56  pounds 
shelled  corn  for  one  bushel.  So  I  had  as  written  96 
bushels  per  acre  in  the  exchange.  Then  The  R.  N.-Y. 
is  wrong  in  supposing  that  I  sold  the  Alfalfa  to  pur¬ 
chase  the  corn.  After  the  Alfalfa  was 
harvested  and  in  the  mow  1  knew  that 
the  corn  grown  on  the  farm  would 
not  be  sufficient  to  even  up  with  the 
Alfalfa  in  feeding  out,  so  I  bought 
some  800  bushels,  the  year  before  100 
bushels;  besides  the  corn  20  acres  of 
fodder  in  the  shock  for  roughness,  and 
it  has  been  after  this  style  for  many 
years.  At  least  for  20  years  there  has 
always  been  much  more  bought  than 
sold.  The  plant  food  bought  has  always 
been  more  than  that  sold  off.  This 
year  I  sold  more  hay  than  ever  before 
at  one  time,  with  one  exception.  That 
time  I  sold  Timothy,  as  I  never  have 
any  use  for  this  kind  of  hay  if  I  have 
sufficient  Alfalfa.  The  fodder  was  ex¬ 
ceptionally  fine,  so  that  it  did  not  take 
es  much  Alfalfa  as  usual,  and  thus  gave 
me  a  surplus  of  Alfalfa,  which  I  put  on 
the  market,  as  I  did  not  want  to  put  new 
hay  on  top  of  it  in  the  mow.  For  fear 
Alfalfa  would  not  meet  my  wants  I  fed 
Timothy  hay  to  my  horses  last  Winter, 
which  would  not  have  been  done  had  I  known  that 
there  would  be  a  surplus  of  Alfalfa.  In  feeding  Al¬ 
falfa  and  fodder  to  my  horse  stock  I  find  that  I  have 
little  need  for  corn.  In  the  solution  of  corn,  rye  and 
clover  and  Timothy  there  is  sometimes  a  crop  of 
mixed  hay  that  is  sold  because  I  cannot  feed  it  with 
profit  to  the  stock  kept  on  the  farm.  As  the  farm  is 
managed  I  have  never  worried  on  account  of  the 
plant  food  sold  off  the  farm,  because  more  is  hauled 
on  than  off.  Lambs  will  eat  prime  fodder  but  not 
Timothy  hay.  The  premises  on  which  the  comment 
was  based  would  have  been  all  right  in  about  99  cases 
out  of  a  hundred,  but  not  applicable  to  this  farm. 

Ross  Co.,  O.  JOHN  M.  JAMISON. 


We  find  many  farmers  who  complain  because  they 
cannot  get  more  of  the  consumer’s  dollar.  This  com¬ 
plaint  is  justified.  One  trouble  is  that  the  volume  of 
complaint  is  not  loud  enough.  There  are  some,  how¬ 
ever,  who  might  get  more  of  the  dollar  if  they  would 
go  out  after  it.  You  will  find  it  sometimes  in  the 
most  unpromising  places.  For  instance,  read  this  from 
one  of  our  Western  readers: 

I  live  in  a  mining  camp  5,600  feet  above  sea  level,  and 
now  at  this  writing  (April  8)  there  is  2(4  feet  of  snow 
on  the  ground,  but  I  have  a  garden  and  orchard  down  in 
the  river  canyon  and  I  have  no  trouble  to  dispose  of  my 
surplus  produce.  I  have  to  pack  everything  up  the  hill, 
14  miles,  on  pack  animals ;  yet  last  year  I  had  no  trouble 
in  selling  my  berries  at  $1  per  gallon,  peaches  five  cents 
per  pound,  and  all  potatoes  at  four  cents  per  pound. 

See  what  that  means !  High  up  in  the  air  above 
this  man’s  farm  is  a  great  market,  overlooked  by  most 
others.  The  chances  are  that  within  a  few  miles  of 
your  farm  a  good  market  can  be  found  for  what  you 
can  produce.  Try  it.  Put  up  a  blackboard  on  the 
road  and  chalk  up  what  you  have  to  sell.  Keep  at  it 
and  before  you  know  it  trade  will  be  coming  your 
way.  Dozens  of  farmers  have  proved  this  by  trying  it. 


WFIEN  THE  COW  WEARS  OVERALLS.  Fig.  261. 

(See  Page  728.) 


7120 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


July  1, 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[  Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
name  and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure 
attention.  Before  asking  a  question,  please  see 
whether  it  is  not  answered  in  our  advertising 
columns.  Ask  only  a  few  questions  at  one  time. 
Pa',  questions  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper.! 


PEACHES  FOR  SOUTHERN  INDIANA. 

C.  N.,  Southern  Indiana. — I  have  three 
acres  of  hill  land  in  Southern  Indiana, 
gently  sloping  towards  the  west,  which 
I  am  contemplating  setting  out  in  peach 
trees.  Would  it  be  better  to  plant  one 
variety  only  or  a  number  of  varieties? 
Would  it  be  better  from  a  commercial  point 
of  view  to  plant  a  crop  maturing  all  at  one 
time  or  for  a  succession?  I  would  ap¬ 
preciate  suggestions  as  to  best  variety  of 
fruit  for  location  in  question,  12  miles 
from  Louisville,  Ky. ;  right  price  for  trees, 
best  age,  etc.  I  would  also  like  the  same 
information  as  to  cherry  trees. 

Ans. — In  planting  three  acres  of 
peaches  for  commercial  purposes  the 
matter  of  varieties  and  proportion  of 
each  would  be  decided  according  to 
probable  plan  of  marketing.  If  the 
planter  be  so  situated  that  he  have  a 
nearby  market  and  deal,  in  a  retail  way, 
direct  with  the  consumer,  it  would  be 
well  to  plant  a  succession  of  varieties 
whose  seasons  would  range  from  early 
to  late.  If  the  crop  be  designed  for  sale 
through  the  commission  house  or  dealer 
it  might  be  well  to  plant  largely  of  but 
one  or  two  varieties,  as  they  could  be 
handled  more  economically  and  in  a 
shorter  time  by  a  greater  force  of  help. 
As  to  varieties,  it  is  always  well  to  in¬ 
vestigate  as  to  which  do  well  locally,  as 
there  is  great  difference  in  behavior  of 
varieties  on  different  soils  and  under 
different  conditions.  Greensboro,  Car¬ 
man,  Champion  (white)),  and  Elberta, 
Lemon  Free  and  Gold  Drop  do  well  in 
the  southern  half  of  Ohio,  where  condi¬ 
tions  are,  I  presume,  similar  to  those 
of  southern  Indiana.  Gold  Drop  is  very 
similar  to  Lemon  Free  and  might  well 
be  used  instead.  Both  are  yellow  in 
skin  and  flesh— this  color  extending 
clear  to  the  pit— and  fine  for  canning. 
Elberta  is  inferior  in  quality  to  Lemon 
Free  and  Gold  Drop,  but  is  probably  the 
most  reliable  and  profitable  cropper  of 
all  the  yellow  varieties.  Cherries  of  the 
sour  type  are  more  successful  than  the 
sweet  class  for  the  section  named.  Early 
Richmond,  Montmorency,  Olivet  and 
English  Morello  give  a  good  succession. 
Two-year-old  trees  are  usually  preferred 
for  planting.  Reliable  nurserymen  ad¬ 
vertise  in  all  the  leading  agricultural 
and  horticultural  papers  and  magazines, 
and  it  is  well  to  send  for  catalogue  and 
compare  prices.  F.  h.  ballou. 

Ohio. 


GETTING  HAY  INTO  A  BARN. 

One  of  our  readers  in  Connecticut  has 
just  had  his  barn  burned,  but  is  to  build 
another  30  by  48  feet  with  basement  for 
stock.  He  wants  to  equip  for  unloading 
hay  with  a  hay  fork  and  track.  The  drive¬ 
way  is  in  center  of  barn.  lie  wishes  to 
know  if  it  is  most  convenient  to  unload 
the  hay  from  center  of  barn  or  through 
the  end.  At  times  the  driveway  may  be 
filled  with  hay.  m.  l. 

I  do  not  fully  understand  the  plan  of  the 
barn  in  above  question.  If  the  drive  floor 
runs  the  short  way  of  the  barn,  leaving  a 
bay  18  x  30  feet  on  either  side,  it  would 
be  the  most  convenient  to  unload.  In  this 
case  the  load  would  be  unloaded  from  the 
center  of  the  barn,  and  the  fork  run  either 
way  with  a  very  short  haul.  It  is  difficult 
to  use  the  fork  in  filling  the  floor  in  this 
construction.  I  should  hesitate  running  a 
drive  floor  the  length  of  a  barn  only  30 
feet  wide,  as  this  would  give  you  mows  only 
nine  feet  deep,  and  if  I  desired  to  approach 
such  a  barn  at  the  end  I  should  either 
plan  to  unload  just  inside  the  door  or 
throuch  a  large  door  at  the  gable,  having 
the  ridge  extended  over  it.  This  gives  a 
long  haul,  but  utilizes  all  of  the  capacity 
of  the  barn  for  hay,  filling  to  the  ridge 
with  the  fork  without  any  change. 

Connecticut.  J.  h.  putnam. 

I  should  hardly  dare  advise  in  regard 
to  the  liav  fork  without  seeing  the  place 
where  it  is  to  be  used.  Every  barn  pre¬ 
sents  an  entirely  different  problem.  In 
our  hay  barn  the  drive  is  lengthwise  of  the 
building,  and  the  track  is  in  the  peak. 
The  section  of  the  scaffold  over  the  drive 
nearest  the  door  is  movable;  when  we  be¬ 
gin  using  the  fork  we  slide  it  along  out 
of  the  way,  and  when  the  hay  is  all  in  put 
it  back  and  use  it  for  straw,  stalks,  etc., 
so  that  there  is  no  waste  space. 

Massachusetts.  e.  f.  bodcktha. 


CURING  OATS  AND  CANADA  PEAS. 

I  have  a  field  of  oats  and  Canada  peas 
that  I  wish  to  cut  for  hay.  Will  you  tell 
me  when  to  cut  and  how  to  cure  the  same? 

Waynesboro,  Pa.  a.  b.  b. 

We  judge  by  the  oats.  When  a  fair  pro¬ 
portion  of  the  kernels  are  soft,  so  that 
when  pressed  between  the  thumb  nails  they 
discharge  a  milky  fluid,  we  call  the  crop 
ready  to  cut.  Others  judge  by  the  peas  and 
cut  when  they  begin  to  form  in  the  pods. 
We  think  the  oat  test  fairer.  The  crop 
is  cured  like  clover  hay. 


N.  Y.  VINEGAR  LAW. 

Section  72  of  chapter  nine  of  the  laws  of 
3909,  in  effect  July  1,  is  amended  as  fol¬ 
lows  : 

“Packages  containing  vinegar  to  he  brand¬ 
ed.  Every  manufacturer  or  producer  of 
vinegar  shall  plainly  brand  each  cask,  bar¬ 
rel  or  other  container  of  such  vinegar  with 
his  name  and  place  of  business,  the  kind  or 
vinegar  contained  therein  and  the  substance 
or  substances  from  which  it  was  made.  And 
no  person  shall  mark  or  brand  as  or  for 
cider  vinegar  any  package  containing  that 
which  is  not  cider  vinegar.  Every  person 
who  sells  any  vinegar,  except  it  be  deliv¬ 
ered  to  the  purchaser  in  the  unbroken 
package  in  which  such  seller  received  it, 
shall  plainly  and  conspicuously  mark  or 
brand  the  receptacle  or  container  in  which 
such  vinegar  is  delivered  to  the  purchaser, 
whether  such  receptacle  or  container  be 
furnished  by  the  seller  or  purchaser,  with  a 
label  showing  the  kind  of  vinegar  so  de¬ 
livered  and  the  substance  or  substances 
from  which  it  was  made.  Nothing  herein 
shall  be  deemed  to  prohibit  the  sale  of 
cider  vinegar  stock,  provided  it  be  sold  as 
and  for  such  and  in  compliance  with  the 
provisions  of  this  article  as  to  marking  or 
branding.  The  term  ‘cider  vinegar  stock’ 
when  used  herein,  shall  be  construed  to 
mean  acetified  apple  juice  of  less  acidity 
than  that  required  for  vinegar  which  con¬ 
tains  not  less  than  two  per  centum  of  apple 
solids  and  sufficient  alcohol  to  develop  the 
acidity  required  in  vinegar.” 

LOW  COST  OF  LIVING. 

Concerning  the  high  cost  of  living,  how 
many  farmers  are  there  who  raise  nearly 
all  their  living  off  their  farm?  There  are 
10  of  us  in  our  family.  We  raise  our  po¬ 
tatoes  and  other  vegetables,  fruit,  meat, 
lard,  berries,  garden  truck,  milk,  butter, 
vinegar,  and  wheat,  which  we  have  ground 
and  make  entire  wheat  bread.  We  buy 
some  white  flour.  I  had  a  pair  of  steel 
rollers  made,  three  inches  in  diameter  and 
nine  inches  long,  intending  to  make  rolled 
wheat,  but  I  found  that  they  were  not 
large  enough  to  draw  the  wheat  in,  so  I 
had  to  separate  the  rollers  so  far  in  order 
to  get  the  wheat  through  at  any  speed  that 
it  only  cracked  it,  but  by  running  it 
through  two  or  three  times  with  the  rollers 
closer  together  it  does  very  well.  We  soak 
the  cracked  wheat  over  night  and  cook 
about  two  hours  in  the  morning,  and  use  it 
for  breakfast  food.  We  think  it  is  very 
nice. 

We  raise  our  buckwheat  and  have  pan¬ 
cakes  for  breakfast  every  morning  in  the 
year,  with  either  rolled  oats,  entire  wheat 
(which  is  like  wheatlet  or  wlieatena)  or 
cracked  .wheat.  The  discussion  came  up 
what  our  living  cost  outside  of  what  we 
raised  on  our  own  farm  and  in  our  own 
garden.  Upon  figuring  it  out  I  find  it  to 
be  843.50  for  six  months,  which  is  less  than 
eight  mills  per  meal  for  each  meal,  which 
does  not  seem  possible  to  one  looking  on  or 
hearing  it  told.  We  live  well,  really  better 
than  many  farmers ;  the  cooking  is  excel¬ 
lent.  We  have  some  luxuries,  ice  cream 

every  day  for  dinner.  There  are  three 

adults  and  seven  children.  We  keep  a  daix-y 
of  28  cows  at ‘present,  and  11  head  of  young 
stock  and  two  horses  on  a  farm  of  136 

acres ;  20  acres  of  it  is  wood  land.  We 

have  three-fourths  of  an  acre  of  mangel 
wurzels  this  year,  which  we  expect  will  les¬ 
sen  the  feed  bill ;  they  are  looking  nice  now. 
The  long  drought  was  broken  by  showers 
which  continued  for  seven  days.  There 
were  two  hard  thunder  showers  June  10  and 
11,  which  did  considerable  damage  in  this 
section.  Crops  are  looking  very  well. 

West  Kortright,  N.  Y.  E.  P.  F. 


CROP  NOTES. 

Corn  planting  is  late,  coming  up  well. 
Usual  acreage.  Oats  generally  are  looking 
extra  well.  If  growth  continues  they  will 
lodge  badly.  Wheat  is  spotted,  but  as  a 
rule  good ;  will  be  short,  although  heads 
seem  good  size ;  no  appearance  of  insects. 
Harvest  will  be  early.  Potato  acreage  is  re¬ 
duced  25  per  cent,  some  say  fully  one-third. 
Some  are  not  planted  yet  (June  17).  Fields 
where  they  are  coming  up  very  weedy.  Last 
car  was  shipped  from  Mendon  June  8;  price 
60  cents;  market  very  unsatisfactory  the 
past  year.  It  was  up  and  down,  mostly 
down.’  Crop  rotted  badly ;  many  sold  at  30 
cents  per  bushel,  or  less  at  shipping  station. 
Bugs  were  just  awful.  Pastures  good.  Hay 
is  poorest  in  years;  clover  short,  Timothy 
shorter.  New  seeding  is  a  failure  on  many 
fields.  Many  meadows  will  have  to  be 
mowed  another  year.  Very  very  few  pieces 
of  Alfalfa.  Beans  are  a  large  acreage,  per¬ 
haps  an  increase  of  50  per  cent. ;  planting 
about  finished.  Iteccnt  rains  have  put 
ground  in  fine  shape.  c.  I. 

Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Seckel  pears  heavy  crop,  Bartlctts  very 
light,  Kieffers  full  crop.  Strawberries, 
owing  to  long  dry  spell  poor,  one-half  to 
two- third  crop.  Currants  very  light,  one- 
quarter  to  one-half  crop.  Cherries  three- 
quarter  crop.  Raspberries  (red)  winter- 
killed  badly,  three-quarter  crop.  Peaches 
average  crop.  Apples  dropped  badly,  one- 
half  to  two-third  crop.  Blackberries  average 
crop.  a.  H. 

Hudson  Valley,  N.  Y. 

No  rain  since  April  11  ;  oats  burned  up. 
Corn  on  sod  fair ;  poor  stand  and  very 
small  on  last  year’s  corn  ground.  Cattle 
going  to  market  thin  on  account  of  short 
pasture ;  worth  $5  to  85.20  per  100  ;  hogs, 
85.50.  Hay,  810  a  ton,  a  most  exceptional 
price.  Barley  and  x-ye  a  full  crop.  Berries 
and  cherries  plentiful  and  good  quality. 
Orchard  fruits  good  and  being  well  cared 


Sure  Shoe 
Satisfaction 
for  the 
Farmer 


WI?  ITE  ng  to-d  ay  f or  f txl  1  information  of 
tlie  Ilaskin-Granger  Shoes  and  learn 
what  the  best  work  shoe  lor  the  farmer  ie  like. 
Farmers  who  have  already  done  so  have  pro- 
nonneed  them  “The  greatest  shoe  value  that 
money  can  procure.”  You  will  do  likewise, for 
every  pair  is  made  in  the  good,  old,  reliable  way 
right  in  our  own  factory  under  expert  super¬ 
vision.  By  selling  to  you  direct  we  save  you  the 
dealer’s  profit  ana  give  you  greater  value.  The 

HASKIN-GRANGER  SHOE 

combines  perfect  comfort  with  durability.  The 
uppers  and  vamps  are  made  of  old-fashioned 
French  kip,  oil-tanned  moose  and  chrome  water¬ 
proof  leathers.  Soft  and  pliable,  yet  wear  like 
iron.  Soles,  inside  and  out,  are  first  quality 
hemlock-tanned  steer’s  hide  firmly  fastened 
with  brass  screws  or  old-fashioned  maple  pegs. 
No  stitches  to  rot  or  nails  to  rust.  Write  for 
illustrations  of  styles,  descriptions  and  prices. 
Your  money  back  if  not  satisfied.  References: 
Citizens’  Trust  Co.,  Utica,  N.  Y.,  or  any  other 
bank  in  Utica. 

Express  paid  on  orders  oast  of  the  MlsalSi  tppl. 

The  Haskin  Shoe  Mfg.  Co. , 

115  Meadow  St.,  SUttville,  N.  Y. 


for.  Land  advancing  with  bounds  in  price ; 
850  land  four  years  ago  easily  worth  8100 
to  8150.  Some  Iowa  immigration.  J.  e.  m. 

Elmer.  Mo. 

The  unseasonably  dry  and  very  hot 
weather  has  affected  or  will,  if  it  continues, 
affect  all  fruit  crops.  Strawberries  were 
cut  very  short  by  the  drought.  Early 
Richmond  cherries  are  a  very  heavy  crop 
in  quantity,  but  very  small  in  size ;  black¬ 
berries  and  raspberries  will  be  very  short 
unless  good  rains  come  soon,  and  if  the 
drought  continues  it  must  affect  all  tree 
fruits.  Pears  set  light,  plums  promising 
well  and  peaches  in  some  ‘places  are  re¬ 
ported  well  filled  and  in  others  short  crop. 
Apples  are  spotted,  in  some  orchards  and 
some  varieties,  fair  crop,  others  very  light. 
Probablv  may  average  a  light  half  crop. 
Undoubtedly  affected  by  the  very  hot 
weather  while  blooming,  shortening  the 
blooming  period  and  possibly  affecting  the 
fertilization.  Some  varieties,  however, 
bloomed  light.  u.  B.  B- 

Princeton,  Ill. 

You  write  about  torrents  of  lain  while 
down  here  we  still  suffer  from  the  most 
intense  drought  I  can  remember.  We  have 
not  had  the  soil  moistened  over  an  inch 
since  the  middle  of  April,  and  only  once 
about  that  much.  How  anything  manages 
to  live  is  a  puzzle.  True,  in  my  garden 
where  I  scratch  ever  and  maintain  a  dust 
mulch  I  still  find  some  moisture  below,  but 
where  the  land  lias  not  been  broken  and 
cultivated  I  do  not  know  how  deep  it  is 
dry,  for  recently  I  tried  to  dig  a  hole  in 
front  of  my  house  to  set  a  bitching  post. 
It  was  like  rock-drilling  to  mortice  that 
hole  two  feet  deep  and  at  that  depth  I 
could  find  no  moisture.  Our  sandy  soil 
here  is  underlaid  with  the  stiffost  clay  to 
be  found  anywhere,  and  even  that  clay  is 
dry  as  a  bone  on  land  where  the  evap¬ 
oration  has  been  unchecked.  On  part  of 
my  garden  I  can  use  the  liose  and  do  so 
daily,  but  over  this  flat  country  the  wind 
blows  all  the  time,  either  from  ocean  or 
bay,  and  a  heavy  watering  in  the  evening 
is  soon  dissipated  by  wind  and  sun.  Daily 
the  pitiless  sun  shines  and  the  winds  blow, 
and  we  have  almost  forgotten  how  a  Sum¬ 
mer  thunderstorm  would  feel. 

Maryland.  w.  F.  massey. 

The  prospects  for  frnit  in  this  locality, 
and,  so  far  as  I  can  learn,  in  this  county, 
are  about  as  follows :  Strawberries  were 
badly  injured  by  heaving  during  the  Spring 
and  in  many  cases  by  ice  and  water  stand¬ 
ing  on  them,  owing  to  the  great  depth  to 
which  the  frost  extended.  Then  there  was 
some  injury  by  late  fx-osts,  but  more  be¬ 
cause  of  the  excessive  drought.  I  am  in¬ 
clined  to  think  that  there  will  not  be  50 
per  cent,  of  a  crop  about  here,  and  that  is 
perhaps  a  fair  estimate  for  the  county. 
Other  berries  promise  well  at  this  time. 
The  rains  have  been  most  abundant,  and 
everything  has  taken  on  new  life.  Both 
apples  and  pears  blossomed  very  full,  but 
the  blossoms  did  not  remain  much  over 
three  days.  The  drop  or  failure  to  set  lias 
been  enormous.  Early  varieties  have  not 
suffered  as  much  as  late  ones.  There  is  a 
great  iri’egularity  in  the  orchards;  occa¬ 
sionally  one  is  full,  when  another  equally 
well  or  better  cared  for  has  a  very  uneven 
set.  I  judge  that  60  per  cent  for  apples 
and  40  to  45  per  cent,  for  pears  would  be 
a  very  conservative  estimate.  The  foliage, 
barring  a  slight  attack  of  twig  blight,  is  as 
fine  as  I  ever  saw  it.  There  has  been  com¬ 
parative  freedom  from  insect  injury,  and  no 
fungus  weather.  What  fruit  is  on  the  trees 
is  good-sized  and  clean.  There  was  never 
before  so  much  or  so  thorough  spraying 
done  in  this  vicinity  as  this  year.  Cherries 
are  abundant  and  beginning  to  ripen. 
Beaches,  though  not  much  of  a  crop  here, 
will  probably  be  about  25  per  cent,  of  an 
average.  edw’d  van  alstyne. 

Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y. 


“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 


Sweeten  the  Land. 

Our  agricultural  colleges  and  the 
ablest  authorities — men  who  are  quali¬ 
fied  to  speak  from  practical  experience 
— declare  that  it  certainly  is  profitable 
to  sow  granular  lime.  The  trouble  has 
been  that  machines  for  handling  this 
product,  as  well  as  nitrate  of  soda,  land 
plaster,  dry  wood  ashes  and  commercial 
fertilizers,  had  not  been,  strictly  speak¬ 
ing  a  success.  These  materials  are  hard 
to  sow,,  and  the  sowing  requires  a  ma¬ 
chine  that  will  spread  the  materials 
evenly  over  the  surface  of  the  ground. 
The  Farmers’  Favorite  Broadcast  Lime 
and  Fertilizer  Sower,  manufactured  by 
The  American  Seeding-Machine  Co.,  In¬ 
corporated,  Springfield,  Ohio,  is  a  suc¬ 
cess,  and  it  is  guaranteed  to  handle  the 
above  materials  in  wide  range  of  quan¬ 
tities.  The  benefits  of  these  fertilizing 
agents  are,  without  doubt,  intended  for 
the  soil  and  not  especially  for  the  seed. 
Therefore,  it  naturally  follows  that  the 
best  results  are  obtained  by  fertilizing 
all  the  soil  from  which  the  plants  obtain 
their  growth  and  sustenance.  We  must 
admit  the  logic  in  this  method,  because 
the  practices  in  Europe,  where  the  crops 
average  more  per  acre  than  they  do  in 
this  country,  are  in  direct  line  with  it. 
We  urge  our  readers  to  send  to  the 
manufacturers  for  a  copy  of  their  Farm¬ 
ers’  Favorite  Broadcast  Lime  and  Fer¬ 
tilizer  Sower  booklet.  When  you  have 
looked  into  this  matter,  go  to  your  im¬ 
plement  dealer  and  insist  on  seeing  the 
Farmers’  Favorite,  the  machine  that  is 
guaranteed  to  do  all  the  manufacturers 
claim  for  it 


FRUIT  TREES 

We  are  ready  to  take  orders  for  Fall  Delivery 

for  BLACK’S  QUALITY  TREES. 

.  .  .  Send  for  Booklet  .  .  . 

JOS.  H.  BLACK.  SON  &  CO.,  HIGHTSTOWN,  N.  J. 

naBHa^BBraaMmanii 


TILE  YOUR  FARM  WITH  A 

Cyclone  Ditching  Machine 

O  AVE  its  cost  and  more,  in  your  own 
ditching,  then  ditch  for  your  neighbors 
and  earn  more  than  its  cost  every  ten  days 
you  operate  it.  This  is  a  big  claim,  make 
us  prove  it  before  you  settle  for  the  machine. 

We  guarantee  300  rods  of  ditch  per  day 
with  six  horses. 


One  customer  writes:  “Saved 
$100  in  four  days;”  another, 
“Saved  its  cost  in  a  few  days.” 

Don’t  delay — after  harvest  ditching  will 
soon  be  here.  Don’t  wait  for  contractors 
- — do  your  own  tiling. 

Write  today)  for  catalog 

The  Jeschke  Manufacturing  Co. 
Box  113,  Bellevue,  Ohio 


2000  Acres  In  Nurseries-) 0  Valuable  Farms  For  Sate, 
■ _  _ Harrison  s  Nurseries,  Berlin.  Md. 


CABBAGE  PLANTS  of  all  kind*,  $1  per  1000;  Tomato  mid  Sweet 
Potato  Plants,  $1.50  per  1000;  Cauliflower  and  Peppers,  $2.50 
per  1000.  Plants  ready  for  field.  J.  C.  Schmidt,  Bristol,  Pa. 


DCAC  S2.50  PER  BUSHEL.  Any  variety, 
read  SUDLER  BROS.  .  .  Bridue ville, , Del. 


AGENTS  WANTED  VAkVlfit"  SM? 

Products.  Liberal  commission  paid  promptly. 
Outfit  free.  Experience  not  necessary.  PENN¬ 
SYLVANIA  NURSERY  CO.,  36,  Girard,  Pa. 


PORTER 

HAY  CARRIER 

Has  wide  open  mouth  and 
swinpintr  fork  pulley.  Fills  hay 
mow  full  to  the  roof.  Is  without 
exception  best  hay  carrier  in  the 
United  States. 

We  also  make  Litter  C arriers, 
Steel  Stalls  and  Cattle  Stanchions. 
Send  for  Catalogue 
J.  E.  PORTER  CO.,  OTTAWA,  ILL. 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE. 


.  .  .  MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY  .  ,  . 

‘Ihe  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Send  for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  “  Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


CRIMSON  GLOVER 


great  soil  improver.  Valuable  also  for 
y  green  food,  grazing  and  hay  crops, 
rial  circular  free;  also  sample  and  price 
:ed  on  request. 

HENRY  A.  DREER 
l-  Chestnut  Street.  Philadelphia 


“721 


1911. 


RURAlb  IS8W»YORKEH 


"THERE  ARE  MANY  WORSE  OFF  THAN 
YOU.’’ 

“Don’t  tell  us  your  troubles,  we  have 
plenty  of  our  own.”  This  unpleasant 
rebuke  is  sometimes  seen  framed,  motto¬ 
like,  in  the  office  of  merchants  and  busi¬ 
ness  men.  It  seems  to  be  human  nature 
to  think  our  troubles  are  greater  than 
others  around  us,  yet  when  we  look 
truly  at  those  who  are  afflicted,  our  own 
calamities  seem  insignificant. 

Out  in  western  Kansas,  in  Rawlins 
County,  about  25  miles  south  of  the 
Nebraska  line,  and  about  twice  that 
much  east  of  Colorado,  live  a  man  and 


Alfalfa  with  Corn. 

I  have  16  acres  in  corn.  Raised  corn 
last  year  on  same  ground.  Can  I  sow  Al¬ 
falfa  seed  before  last  working  of  corn  with 
spring-tooth  harrow  and  hope  to  get  a  good 
stand  of  Alfalfa  for  next  Summer?  Land 
is  sandy  loam.  Wild  grass  grows  there 
luxuriantly  unless  corn  is  constantly 
worked.  ‘Location  is  Chester  County,  I’a. 

G. 

We  doubt  it.  Some  cases  are  reported 
where  Alfalfa  seeded  like  clover  in  this 
way  has  given  a  fair  stand,  but  the  plan 
cannot  be  generally  recommended.  We 
would  run  the  Alfalfa  alone  or  with  a 
grain  crop. 


wife,  now  past  middle  life,  reared  in  the 
East  with  industry  and  refinement.  They 
are  now  undergoing  hardships  such  as 
few  farmers  were  ever  called  upon  to 
suffer,  not  as  farmers  alone,  but  the 
fate  of  ill  health  and  condition  of  limb 
make  their  case  pathetic.  It  seems  a 
pity  our  Government  is  not  socialized  so 
as  to  care  for  those  down  and  out,  with¬ 
out  becoming  county  charges,  or  living 
the  miserable  lives  of  these  honorable 
unfortunates.  As  a  young  woman  in  the 
early  eighties,  she  homesteaded  this  160 
acres.  Later  married  and  lived  in  va¬ 
rious  other  places  and  States,  hunting 
the  golden  garden  spot,  and  when  health 
and  money  were  gone,  returned  here, 
and  here  they  carry  on  farming  opera¬ 
tions  such  as  I  shall  quote  from  a  letter 
of  recent  date: 

April  23,  1911.  Your  letter  came  two 
days  ago,  and  bow  happy  and  surprised  I 
was.  I  had  long  ago  ceased  to  look  for 
a  letter.  It  found  me  about  as  usual, 
pains  in  my  limbs,  and  I  cannot  walk  as 
well  as  one  year  ago.  Have  to  use  both 
crutches ;  cannot  stand  alone  without  a 
support  of  some  kind.  Of  course  I  do  all 
my  cooking,  washing  and  housework  sit¬ 
ting  down.  You  may  easily  imagine  what 
my  house  looks  like,  as  it  is  next  to  im¬ 
possible  for  me  to  sweep.  Have  only  tried 
it  two  or  three  times  since  New  Years.  But 
we  never  have  to  go  hungry.  The  place  is 
our  own  and  we  are  happy  with  each  other, 
and  what  can’t  be  helped  we  have  learned 
philosophically  to  endure.  Lute  (the  hus¬ 
band)  cannot  dress  without  help  yet,  though 
his  hand  is  well  he  has  not  regained  the 
full  use  of  his  arm.  (From  blood  poisoning 
in  early  Winter). 

We  finished  drilling  20  acres  of  Spring 
wheat  one  week  ago  yesterday.  Only 
worked  in  the  field  three  or  four  hours  each 
day,  in  the  afternoon,  for  eight  days.  We 
disked  it  first,  then  drilled  it  in,  this  is 
for  our  chicken  feed.  We  had  three  horses 
to  hitch  up  each  day  but  only  unharnessed 
one,  as  the  harness  on  the  other  two  was 
too  heavy  for  us,  if  we  pulled  them  off 
we  could'  not  put  them  on  again.  One  of 
our  kind  neighbors  harnessed  them  for  us 
the  Sunday  before  we  began  to  disk,  and 
we  didn’t  work  every  day,  just  couldn’t 
stand  it.  I  had  to  do  most  of  the  hitching 
up,  and  unhitching,  all  of  the  oiling  and 
had  to  help  Lute  off  and  on  the  disk  and 
drill.  We  intend  to  put  in  40  acres  of  corn 
and  cane,  not  much  if  we  were  less  crippled, 
but  it  looms  up  quite  a  task  as  it  is.  But 
we  must  do  it  if  possible — so  as  to  have  feed 
for  the  stock  next  Winter.  We  keep  but 
three  horses  and  only  have  16  head  of 
cattle  now,  but  they  must  be  fed. 

I  take  a  comfortable  and  pillow  to  the 
field  and  lie  down  and  sleep  till  Lute  needs 
me  to  do  the  oiling,  or  for  something  else. 
Yesterday  we  were  only  partly  hitched  up 
when  company  came,  but  finished  hitching 
up  and  got  Lute  started  to  disking.  We 
were  close  to  the  house  so  I  went  back  to 
oil  when  he  called  me.  My  company  was 
two  ladies  and  three  girls,  all  nice  neigh¬ 
bors.  Glad  of  course  to  have  them  call, 
but  I  missed  my  sun  bath  out  in  the  open 
air  on  the  comfortable. 

We  have  had  two  rains  this  season,  about 
1%  inch  all  told.  The  Winter  wheat  is 
coming  up  nicely.  We  had  a  little  snow  in 
February  that  swelled  and  sprouted  some 
of  it.  We  get  about  four  dozen  eggs  per 
day.  They  are  12  cents  per  dozen.  Butter 
15  cents  per  pound,  but  we  buy  ours,  as 
we  have  not  milked  for  nearly  four  years. 
We  seldom  go  to  town  as  I  have  to  help 
Lute  into  the  wagon,  then  he  has  to  pull 
me  in,  as  we  cannot  get  in  or  out  alone. 
Last  Fall  I  took  a  calf  to  Colby,  about  20 
miles,  alone,  and  had  to  stay  in  the  wagon 
till  I  got  home  again.  Later  I  took  an¬ 
other  and  was  so  stiff  and  tired  I  could 
hardly  sit  up  when  I  did  get  home.  An¬ 
other  time  Lute  and  I  both  went,  and  twice 
he  went  alone,  and  once  we  sent  a  calf  by 
a  neighbor.  They  averaged  $22.50  per 
head  after  taking  a  “dock”  of  100  pounds 
on  top  of  a  20-mile  ride.  We  sold  to  a 
butcher  for  five  cents  a  pound.  We  haven’t 
planted  any  garden  or  potatoes.  We 
couldn’t  half  care  for  them  if  we  did. 
Haven’t  even  a  plant  or  flower,  and  things 
look  so  brown  and  bare. 

I  have  written  so  much  about  ourselves 
it  looks  a  little  stale,  but  you  asked  to 
know  all  about  our  doings,  and  since  per¬ 
haps  we  will  never  visit  you  again  I  have 
just  told  everything.  I  think  you  knew 
Lute  walks  with  two  canes,  and  if  he  trips 
down  his  legs  cross  and  he  has  to  lie. 
there  until  I  come  and  help  him  to  get  up. 
Our  well  is  about  40  rods  from  the  house, 
we  haul  it  mostly  but  sometimes  I  carry  it 
in  a  jug  with  the  strap  around  my  neck 
as  I  have  to  use  both  crutches,  then  some¬ 
times  my  hip  pops  in  and  out  of  place. 
Please  write  us  again  for  we  truly  enjoy 
hearing  from  you. 

A  relative  on  a  visit  there  some 
months  ago  traveled  the  18  or  20  miles 
with  a  hired  rig  both  ways  and  met  no 
one  either  going  or  coming.  He  passed 
only  four  or  five  houses  on  the  road. 
The  land  is  very  fertile,  but  mostly  lacks 
in  moisture,  but  some  very  good  crops 
are  raised  when  the  proper  cultivation 
is  given.  J.  E.  H. 

Kansas. 


The  Use  of  Swamp  Muck. 

I  have  a  swamp  of  about  five  acres  that 
has  muck  from  one  to  10  feet  deep.  I  have 
drawn  it  on  my  land  and  plowed  it  under, 
but  with  no  benefit.  Are  there  any  in¬ 
gredients  I  can  mix  with  it,  and  how  much 
of  each  kind  to  100  pounds  of  muck,  after 
it  is  dried,  to  make  a  good  furtilizer? 

New  York.  c.  a.  c. 

Raw  muck  is  usually  so  sour  that  it  will 
not  give  results  when  applied  fresh  from 
the  swamp.  It  often  contains  as  much  ni¬ 
trogen  as  stable  manure,  but  in  such  forms 
that  plants  cannot  use  it  until  well  ferment¬ 
ed.  The  way  to  handle  muck  is  to  get  it 
out  of  the  swamp  six  months  or  a  year  be¬ 
fore  it  is  to  be  used,  and  compost  it  with 
lime.  The  lime  is  well  mixed  with  the  muck 
in  a  pile  and  left  to  ferment.  The  muck 
contains  but  little  phosphoric  acid  and 
practically  no  potash.  A  good  way  to 
handle  it  is  to  mix  with  lime  and  let  it 
stand  six  months.  Then  fork  it  over  and  as 
you  do  so  mix  in  about  50  pounds  of  acid 
phosphate  and  30  of  muriate  of  potash  to 
each  ton.  You  will  then  have  a  mixture 
fully  equal  to  stable  manure. 


The  Ant  Pest. 

Will  you  tell  me  how  we  can  get  rid  of 
black  ants  in  the  house.  We  have  tried 
borax  and  sulphur ;  both  fail.  Can  you  ad¬ 
vise  us  to  use  anything  else?  l.  f. 

New  Jersey. 

It  is  a  hard  matter  to  clean  out  the 
ants  unless  you  can  reach  their  holes  or 
nest.  If  you  can,  a  dose  of  bisulphide  of 
carbon  confined  in  the  hole  will  get  them. 
One  way  to  catch  them  in  the  house  is  to 
soak  sponges  in  sweetened  water  and  leave 
them  in  the  pantry  or  kitchen.  Keep  all 
other  food  protected.  The  ants  will  swarm 
in  the  sponges  and  may  be  killed  by  throw¬ 
ing  into  boiling  water. 


COST  OF  HARVESTING  HAY. 

What  is  it  worth,  provided  the  weather 
is  good,  to  cut  and  cure  and  draw  into 
the  barn  90  acres  of  hay?  This  is  on  a 
level  farm,  with  the  barn  not  over  half  a 
mile  away  from  one-half  of  the  crop  and 
one-quarter  of  a  mile  for  the  remainder. 
The  hay  goes  one  ton  to  the  acre.  The 
man  who  docs  the  job  is  to  furnish  all 
teams  and  tools  and  to  board  his  own  men. 

READER. 

The  rule  in  western  New  York  is  to  cut 
grass  and  put  in  barn  for  half  the  crop.  I 
should  say  it  would  be  worth  from  $3.50 
to  $4  per  ton  under  conditions  stated  if  to 
be  done  for  money.  j.  s.  woodward. 

Niagara  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Last  year  on  one  of  my  farms  we  kept  a 
record  of  what  it  cost  us  to  harvest  our 
hay  crop  where  the  hay  was  near  the 
barns.  We  put  it  into  the  barns  at  an  ex¬ 
pense  of  not  over  $1  per  ton.  We  also 
harvested  one  20-acre  field  of  hay,  Timothy 
aud  Red-top,  that  went  over  one  ton  per 
acre,  and  put  it  into  a  stack  in  the  cen¬ 
ter  of  the  field  at  not  over  $1  per  ton. 
However,  if  your  hay  has  to  be  loaded 
on  to  wagons  and  hauled  a  distance  and 
unloaded,  the  price  would  vary  from  $1.50 
to  $2  per  ton,  depending  entirely  on  how 
good  a  crop  the  man  had  who  was  doing 
the  work.  I  am  talking  in  this  about 
the  actual  cost,  and  of  course  the'  man 
would  have  to  have  a  profit,  and  if  he  had 
$3  per  ton,  he  ought  to  make  good  money 
above  his  expenses.  Very  frequently,  how¬ 
ever,  throughout  western  New  York,  hay 
is  cut  on  shares,  the  man  doing  the  cut¬ 
ting  getting  one-third  to  one-half  of  the 
hay,  and  of  course  on  any  such  terms  as 
that,  he  gets  the  best  of  the  deal. 

Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y.  edwaud  f.  dibble. 

I  do  not  know  how  much  it  costs  to 
harvest  hay.  If  a  man  had  good  machin¬ 
ery,  six-foot  cut  mowers  or  wider,  a  good 
side-delivery  rake,  hay  loader,  teams, 
wagons  and  good  men,  and  the  weather 
guaranteed  good,  it  is  a  comparatively 
easy  job  to  figure  somewhere  near  the  cost. 
A  good  team  should  cut  12  acres  or  more 
per  day,  a  team  on  side-delivery  rake  20  to 
25  acres  per  day ;  two  men  to  load,  one  to 
drive  the  team,  one  or  two  men  in  the 

mow,  a  boy  to  drive  horse  fork  and  a  man 
to  run  the  fork  should  put  in  about  20 
tons  per  day.  So  much  depends  on  the 
men  and  outfit  it  is  impossible  to  tell 

some  one  else  what  it  would  cost.  It 
would  cost  me  with  the  outfit  I  have 

around  $2.50  to  $3  per  ton  if  it  cut  one 

ton  per  acre,  if  two  tons  per  acre  cost  less, 
but  I  would  not  advise  this  man  to  take 
the  job  for  less  than  $5  to  $6  per  ton. 

Orleans  Co.,  N.  Y.  clark  allis. 


Buckwheat  as  Green  Manure. — On  page 
666  M.  F.,  Bethel,  Conn.,  asks  about  buck¬ 
wheat  for  green  manure.  From  my  ex¬ 
perience  last  year  I  advise  him  strongly  to 
sow  it  for  that  purpose.  I  had  a  piece  of 
old  sod  plowed  last  year  after  the  hay  was 
taken  off,  and  after  a  lot  of  harrowing  it 
was  sown  thickly  to  buckwheat ;  on  Sep¬ 
tember  17  and  19  it  was  disked  and  chopped 
all  to  pieces ;  on  the  20th  it  was  smoothed 
with  a  square  harrow,  sown  to  Timothy 
and  then  bushed.  I  used  one-half  ton  to 
an  acre  of  bone  and  potash  mixture,  3-17- 
13.50,  and  to-day,  June  10,  it  is  the  best 
grass  I  have.  It  is  high,  thick,  good  color 
and  very  free  from  weeds.  The  buckwheat 
made  a  lot  of  humus,  killed  the  weeds  and 
mellowed  up  the  ground,  and  I  shall  use  it 
in  the  same  way  on  a  larger  scale  this 
Fall.  w.  w.  c. 

Woodville,  Conn. 


Kodak  with  you. 

Make  the  most  of  every  outing  by  taking  pictures  of 
the  people  and  places  that  you  are  interested  in.  It  will  add 
to  the  joy  of  all  the  party  at  the  time  and  give  the  added 
pleasure  of  pictures  that  you  and  your  friends  will  always 
cherish. 

And  it  is  all  simpler  than  you  think.  There’s  no  dark-room  required  by 
the  Kodak  system  of  photography,  and  every  step  has  been  made  so  easy 
that  the  mere  beginner  can  readily  grasp  every  essential. 

You  can  do  every  part  of  the  work  yourself  or,  if  you  prefer,  may 
simply  “  press  the  button  ”  and  let  some  one  else  “  do  the  rest.” 

And  picture  making  is  not  expensive  now-a-days.  Kodaks  from  five 
dollars  up  and  Brownie  Cameras,  (they  work  like  Kodaks)  at  one  to  twelve 
dollars,  offer  a  wide  variety  from  which  to  choose.  The  Kodak  catalogue, 
free  at  the  dealers  or  by  mail,  tells  all  about  them. 

If  it  isn't  an  Eastman ,  it  isn't  a  Kodak. 

EASTMAN  KODAK  CO.,  387  State  St.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


BUILT  FOR 


Farm,  Garden  or  Orchard 

TRADE  MARK 

iRIUMPrl 

HAND  CARTS 


Does  the  work  of  a  dozen  wheelbar- 1 
rows.  Saves  time,  labor  and  money. 

Costs  little  and  will  last  for  years. 

Wide  tires  if  you  wish.  Get  our  free 
catalog  and  select  the  size  and  style 
vou  want.  $7.50  to  $25.00.  We  pay 
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722 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


THE  RURAIi  NEW-YORKER 


Apparently  the  Hope  Farm  man  is  after 
the  whole  of  the  consumer’s  dollar  in  his 
milk  deal,  and  he  can  get  it  by  selling  to 
himself.  Suppose,  however,  that  he  had 
anther  cow,  an  exact  duplicate  of  the  one 
ho  now  has.  What  would  the  milk  of  the 
second  cow  be  worth  ?  w.  c.  p. 

Litchfield  County,  Conn. 

I  thought  we  made  that  point  clear.  If 
I  had  another  cow  just  like  Mollie  the  in¬ 
creased  cost  of  feeding  would  not  be  large 
this  season.  The  rains  have  made  good 
grass  and  the  Alfalfa  and  garden  waste 
would  provide  cheap  roughage.  We  could 
probably  sell  a  few  quarts  of  milk.  I 
think  there  would  be  a  fair  demand  for 
the  cream,  and  butter  is  always  salable 
here.  This  milk  has  not  been  tested,  but 
I  estimate  that  it  would  give  not  far  from 
10  pounds  of  butter  per  week.  We  are  not 
expert  butter  makers  and  might  not  get 
it  all.  Such  butter  is  worth  here  30  cents 
a  pound.  For  feeding  pigs  and  chickens  the 
skim-milk  would  be  worth  at  least  one 
dollar,  which  would  mean  $4  per  week  or 
not  far  from  three  and  one-half  cents  a 
quart.  The  skim-milk  would  probably  be 
worth  more,  but  we  have  no  definite  figures 
to  prove  it.  If  we  sold  cream  we  should 
get  more,  but  this  would  mean  an  outfit  of 
pans  and  considerable  labor.  It  would  very 
likely  be  possible  to  make  the  skim-milk 
into  pot  cheese  and  sell  it  at  a  fair  figure. 

I  tried  to  explain  that  the  possible  profit 
on  one  cow  or  one  hen  or  one  tree  is  not 
a  fair  basis  for  figuring  on  large  herds, 
flocks  or  orchards.  Our  cow  is  earning 
over  one  dollar  per  day  for  us.  To  be 
more  exact,  she  is  saving  that  amount  for 
us.  In  our  case  it  amounts  to  the  same, 
we  have  a  big  family  to  feed.  I  might  keep 
one  more  cow  this  Summer  without  great 
extra  cost.  When  I  got  to  three  cows  or 
more  the  situation  would  be  changed.  I 
should  then  have  to  buy  an  outfit  for 
handling  milk  or  butter,  pay  out  far  more 
for  food  and  take  labor  now  spent  on  the 
fruit  and  put  it  on  the  dairy.  I  want  to  see 
just  what  one  good  cow  on  a  fruit  farm 
will  do  for  us.  I  also  want  to  make  it 
clear  that  you  cannot  take  one  animal 
kept  under  the  most  favorable  conditions 
and  multiply  her  income  by  10,  25  or  50  to 
prove  what  a  herd  would  do.  It  is  just 
that  sort  of  figuring  which  fools  city  people 
and  leads  them  on  to  ruin  or  to  wrong 
ideas  about  farming.  As  for  getting  the 
entire  consumer’s  dollar,  Mollie  gave  in  the 
seven  days  ending  June  18,  232  pounds, 
which  makes  a  total  of  1,884  pounds  thus 
far.  I  am  sure  this  is  worth  every  cent  of 
89.28  in  our  big  family.  The  men  back 
in  the  hills  who  are  sending  milk  to  New 
York  would  do  well  if  they  got  $3  net 
cash  for  that  milk.  Last  week  we  sent 
out  to  one  of  Borden’s  wagons  in  the  city 
and  bought  a  five  cent  bottle  of  milk.  It 
was  no  better  than  ours.  The  full  bottle 
weighed  21  ounces.  All  the  milk  was 
poured  out  and  the  empty  bottle  weighed 
12%  ounces.  Thus  we  paid  five  cents  for 
eight  and  one-half  ounces  of  milk,  which 
means  a  little  over  19  cents  a  quart. 
Thousands  of  these  small  bottles  are  sold. 
Compare  that  price  with  what  the  milk 
nets  the  dairyman  !  I  figure  it  about  16 
cents  or  less  on  the  dollar.  You  see  it  is  a 
matter  of  distribution.  In  the  building 
where  The  R.  N.-Yr.  is  published  there  is  a 
larger  working  population  than  most  coun¬ 
try  towns  can  show.  Suppose  I  had  two 
cows  and  had  some  one  to  carry  each  day 
50  pounds  of  good  milk  to  this  building. 

It  could  all  be  sold  in  these  small  bottles. 

Put  the  price  at  three  instead  of  five 
cents  and  you  could  sell  twice  as  much 
and  still  get  nearly  12  cents  a  quart.  That 
would  make  a  fine  job  for  some  office  boy  to 
try,  and  would  be  a  help  to  both  milk  pro¬ 
ducer  and  consumer.  Eggs  might  be  han¬ 
dled  in  the  same  way,  but  under  the  present 
system  of  transportation  it  is  practically 
impossible  to  do  any  such  direct  business. 

In  the  city  of  London  such  trade  is  not 
only  possible  but  is  now  carried  on,  for 
there  the  parcels  post  makes  such  direct 
dealing  possible. 

Or  look  at  it  in  another  way  to  see  how 
locality  and  market  makes  a  difference 
with  short-lived  goods.  Our  cow  Mollie 
comes  from  one  of  the  dairy  counties  in 
Southern  New  York.  The  buyer  bought 
her  on  her  shape,  put  her  with  others  in  a 
carload  and  brought  her  to  New  Jersey. 

She  was  tested  and  trimmed  up  and  given  a 
place  in  a  certified  milk  barn.  She  was 
there  when  I  bought  her  and  her  milk  was 
bringing  15  cents  a  quart.  Now  look  at  it. 

Last  week  she  gave  232  pounds.  Back  on 
the  dairy  farm  where  she  was  born  that 
milk  would  be  worth  perhaps  $3.  I  call  it 
worth  $9.28  for  feeding  my  family,  while 
as  “certified  milk”  it  would  bring  $17.40! 

Now  I  want  you  to  think  this  all  out  and 
see  just  what  it  means.  This  margin  be¬ 
tween  the  producer’s  price  and  the  con¬ 
sumer’s  is  the  great  hole  into  which  the 
money  of  the  country  is  being  sucked. 

You  may  name  over  the  list  of  evils  which 
make  rough  going  for  farmers,  and  when 


you  stop  for  breath  I  will  name  the  king 
of  them  all — the  one  great  reason  that  farm¬ 
ing  will  not  pay.  It  is  the  65  cents  of  the 
consumer's  dollar  which  the  middleman 
takes  out. 

No  one  likes  to  make  record  of  a  failure, 
especially  with  some  pet  thing.  However, 
that  is  about  the  way  we  must  spell  straw¬ 
berries  this  year.  The  storms  I  spoke  of 
last  week  were  followed  by  others  even 
worse.  They  caught  our  big  Marshalls 
right  at  their  best — big,  ripe  and  handsome. 
And  they  faded  away— not  the  storms  un¬ 
fortunately.  These  great  red  berries  could 
not  stand  the  pounding  and  they  went  to 
pulp.  Of  course  we  got  some  of  them, 
but  more  than  half  the  great  crop  could 
not  rank  as  No.  1.  It  is  hard  to  sec  them 
go,  but  the  way  1  reason  is  that  we  shall 
have  more  peaches  and  apples  as  the  re¬ 
sult  of  these  floods.  We  still  stand  by  the 
Marshall  and  shall  plant  it  still  more 
heavily.  Plants  are  ready  to  pot  already, 
and  our  little  trade  is  developing.  We  do 
not  handle  any  other  variety.  People  have 
told  us  they  had  trouble  in  getting  the 
genuine  Marshall  so  we  came  forward  with 
the  real  thing.  One  of  our  old  customers 
wrote  last  week  that  he  had  had  a  little 
discussion  over  strawberries.  Some  friend 
claimed  that  New  Jersey  could  not  match 
the  fruit  he  had  on  the  table.  Our  custom¬ 
er  wanted  to  down  his  friend,  so  he  came 
to  us  for  two  boxes  of  bouncers  that  would 
do  the  trick.  We  stand  for  New  Jersey,  so 
the  boys  went  out  and  did  their  best  The 
storm  had  hurt  the  fruit,  but  if  the  two 
boxes  we  sent  cannot  hold  them  the  other 
man  has  some  fine  berries !  But  let  no 
man  buy  Marshall  plants  and  think  he 
can  get  the  quantity  and  quality.  lie  can¬ 
not  do  it.  Mr.  Taylor,  the  Guernsey  cow 
man  claimed  that  Missy  of  the  Glen  gave 
40  pounds  per  day  of  “liquid  butter.”  The 
Marshall  is  no  “Missy.”  It  will  give  a 
medium  or  light  yield  of  the  finest  berries — 
and  that  is  all  it  will  do.  You  can  set 
some  of  the  fruit  before  your  friends  and 
gloat  over  them  while  you  dare  them  to 
find  anything  better— all  this  provided  you 
handle  the  plants  right. 

Except  for  the  strawberries  everything 
on  the  farm  is  promising.  The  rains  have 
made  the  hay  crop  sure,  and  will  mature 
the  earlier  potatoes.  There  is  moisture 


WORK  OF  THE  17-YEAR  LOCUST.  Fig.  263. 

enough  in  the  soil  to  fix  the  peach  crop  if 
we  can  hold  it  there  by  cultivation.  On 
the  sod  orchards  we  consider  this  the 
proper  time  to  cut  the  grass  and  rake  it 
under  the  trees.  Both  sod  and  grass  are 
i  A,  °A  water,  and  this  cutting  now  will 
hold  it.  We  expect  more  rain,  but  it  is 
well  enough  to  figure  on  the  record  of  last 
Year,  whon  there  was  no  rain  to  speak 
June  20-  n°t  seem  possible 

that  the  soil  could  lack  moisture  after  the 
soaking  we  had  in  the  early  season,  so  I 
must  confess  that  cultivation  was  neg¬ 
lected.  Then  the  hot  winds  came  upon  us 
and  baked  the  soil  like  a  brick.  This  year 
shall  keep  the  cultivators  running 
steadily  and  tear  up  the  soil  when  it  has 
been  plowed.  Potatoes  are  looking  well — 
I  got  some  Irish  Cobblers  as  large  as 
marbles  on  June  17.  How  the  tubers  do 
swell  after  they  start!  They  ought  to 
jump  now,  as  they  are  75  per  cent  water, 
borne  of  the  earlier  apples  were  nearly  tlie 
siM  of  hen’s  eggs  at  the  same  date.  The 
onions  have  been  cultivated  twice  and  are 
taking  hold  just  as  we  want  them.  In 
fact  Hope  Farm  looks  pretty  good  to  us 
these  last  days  of  June — with  the  red¬ 
heads  to  add  a  little  color — and  noise. 

The  locusts  have  done  some  damage  in 
our  neighborhood.  Two  weeks  ago  I  made 
light  of  their  work  but  some  of  our  neigh¬ 
bors  asked  me  to  come  and  look  at  their 
^ees.  Pictures  of  the  damage  are  shown 
at  Fig.  263.  Ike  insects  cut  into  the  wood 
and  leave  it  so  that  the  wind  will  break 
the  twig  or  limb  off.  These  heavy  storms 
did  great  damage  in  this  way.  In  some 
young  orchards  these  dead  limbs  hang  from 
nearly  every  tree.  The  insects  do  not 
seem  to  bother  pears  as  they  do  apple  and 
peach.  One  roan  tells  me  they  are  more 
active  on  Ben  Davis  than  on  other  varieties 
They  may  be  trying  to  act  as  friends  of 
humanity  by  trying  to  put  old  Ben  out  of 
business.  At  any  rate  they  are  doing  more 
damage  than  we  supposed.  Another  pecul¬ 
iar  thing  is  the  way  they  are  distributed, 
mere  are  very  few  on  our  own  farm,  and 
practically  no  damage  has  been  done 
while  1,000  feet  or  so  from  our  line  thev  are 
like  a  plague  of  Egypt,  and  badly  injuring 
the  young  trees.  I  have  seen  no  particular 
increase  in  the  number  of  English  spar¬ 
rows  around  us.  We  were  told  that  they 
would  come  in  large  flocks  as  they  are 

t?m,eat  the  locusts  tear  them 

apait.  The  sparrows  have  not  increased  in 
numbers  here.  There  never  were  fewer 
birds  around  than  we  have  seen  this  Spring. 

I  think  the  birds  were  met  by  a  cold  storm 
aS/.thJky  Acame  dying  up  from  the  South, 
and  that  many  were  killed  in  that  way 
This  has  happened  several  times,  and  is  a 
more  reasonable  explanation  than  the  state¬ 
ment  that  the  warfare  against  birds  has  ex¬ 
terminated  them.  I  do  not  believe  it 

E.  W.  C. 


A  New  Business  to 
Profit  the  Farmer 

ANEW  channel  for  profit  is  pro¬ 
vided  the  farmer  who  is  awake 
to  opportunity  in  the 

Buckeye 

Traction  Ditcher 

a  machine  of  small  firil  co^l ;  pays  for  itself 
in  a  season’s  work.  Earn  a  profit  of  $1 5.00 
to  $18.00  a  day  digging  ditches  by  machine. 
Digs  1 00  to  1 50  rods  a  day  at  a  saving  of 
25%  to  50%  over  the  old  method  of  hand 
labor. 

Farmers  everywhere  are  insisting  upon 
Buckeye  ditches,  because  they  are  truer 
and  of  perfed  grade,  and  tiling  is  now  placed 
within  the  reach  of  every  pocket-book.  With 
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months  in  the  year.  Only  two  men  are  re¬ 
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man  and  a  boy  can  run  the  gasoline  machine. 
Both  are  extremely  simple  in  construction, 
always  ready  to  run,  and  thtre  is  no  job  too 
difficult. 

Write  today  for  our  catalog  No.  3 

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he  “C 

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—  C 

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Horse 

and 

Steam 

Power 


A  train  of  followers,  but  no  equals. 

Proves  its  superiority 
wherever  it  goes.  Makes 
tight  shapely  bales,  not 
loose  bundles, works 
fast,  avoids  acci¬ 
dents  and  endures. 

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Drawn  from  actual  photograph 


Stumps  blasted  out  into  firewood 


SggKHgfl 


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To  learn  how  progressive  farmers  are  using  dynamite  for  removing  stumps 
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ESTABLISHED  1802  WILMINGTON,  DEL.,  U.  S.  A. 

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1911. 


723 


Ruralisms 

WHEN  IS  A  HAIRY  VETCH  A  WEED? 

H.  8.,  New  Freedom ,  Pa. — I  was  much 
interested  in  the  articles  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  in 
regard  to  sowing  Hairy  vetch ;  and  intend¬ 
ed  to  sow  some  in  the  corn  at  the  last 
cultivation,  but  on  page  G42  a  correspond¬ 
ent  from  Virginia  states  that  it  becomes  a 
pest  when  once  started.  Is  this  a  fact? 
If  so  what  would  you  suggest  to  sow  as  a 
cover  crop?  Crimson  clover  seed  sells  at 
about  13  cents  per  pound  here.  I  desire 
to  increase  fertility,  have  mustard  on  the 
farm,  and  have  a  hard  job  to  get  rid  of  it, 
and  if  the  Hairy  vetch  is  hard  to  get  ex¬ 
terminated  on  mixed  farming  will  not  sow 
it. 

Ans. — The  one  objection  to  Hairy 
vetch  is  that  it  will  seed  itself  like  a 
weed  when  once  started.  As  a  “weed” 
it  ranks  with  clover  or  Alfalfa;  wher¬ 
ever  it  grows  the  soil  will  be  improved. 
There  can  be  no  doubt  about  that,  but  it 
will  work  into  the  grain  fields,  go  to 
seed  and  mix  with  the  grain  when 
thrashed.  The  vetch  seed  looks  much 
like  sweet  peas  and  it  is  hard  to  sepa¬ 
rate  them.  In  this  way  the  vetch  may 
make  trouble  on  a  grain  farm.  We  ad¬ 
vise  it  for  use  on  fruit  or  stock  farms, 
but  all  things  considered,  we  would  not 
use  it  where  small  grain  is  to  be  sold. 

Bruised  Cherry  Tree. 

O.  F.,  New  Yo^k. — I  have  a  cherry  tree 
which  I  moved  this  Spring  and  the  gum  is 
coming  out  through  the  bark  in  a  number 
of  places.  Is  this  not  injurious,  and  what 
can  be  done  with  it? 

Ans. — The  bark  may  have  been  brok¬ 
en  or  bruised  and  if  so  this  might  cause 
a  little  leakage  of  sap  and  it  would  nat¬ 
urally  evaporate  and  leave  a  deposit  of 
gum.  There  is  nothing  serious  about 
this,  so  far  as  the  slight  slow  of  gum  is 
concerned.  If  this  symptom  should  con¬ 
tinue,  and  the  tree  show  signs  of  failing, 
it  would  be  well  to  send  specimens  of 
the  bark  and  gum  from  the  affected  part 
to  the  experiment  station  at  Geneva  and 
have  a  report  from  the  experts  there. 

H.  E.  VANDEMAN. 

SWAMP  ROOT. 

On  page  686,  W.,  Massachusetts,  de¬ 
scribes  the  official  Cassia  fistula,  Eng¬ 
lish  name,  Purging  Cassia,  pudding- 
stick  (or  pipe).  It  is  “The  dried  fruit 
of  Cassia  fistula  L.  Natural  Order 
Leguminosse.”  Its  native  home  is  the 
East  Indies,  but  found  now  in  parts  of 
Egypt,  Africa  and  South  America,  both 
wild  and  cultivated.  It  is  a  tree  from 
30  to  50  feet  high,  trunk  of  hard  heavy 
wood,  dividing  into  numerous  branches 
at  the  top  and  covered  with  a  smooth 
ash  colored  bark.  Flowers  are  in  long 
golden-yellow  racemes.  The  fruit  is  a 
pod  from  16  to  24  inches  long,  one 
inch  in  diameter,  blackish-brown,  divi¬ 
ded  transversely  into  many  small  cells, 
each  containing  a  smooth,  reddish- 
brown,  ovate  seed  imbedded  in  a  black¬ 
ish-brown  sweet  pulp  resembling  the 
odor  of  prunes.  The  pods  are  used  in 
medicine  as  a  laxative.  I  do  not  know 
of  any  Americans  using  it,  but  foreign¬ 
ers  use  it  to  some  extent. 

New  Jersey.  e.  q,  anewalt. 

In  answer  to  “W,”  Massachusetts,  in 
regard  to  swamp  root,  from  his  de¬ 
scription  I  should  say  he  means  Cassia 
fistula  (common  name  Purging  Cassia). 
Habitat  upper  Egypt  and  India,  and 
transplanted  to  other  warm  countries, 
also  to  the  warmer  parts  of  America, 
but  it  is  not  a  root,  being  the  dried 
fruit  pods.  The  tree  grows  40  to  50 
feet  high ;  the  pods  when  broken  open 
have  an  odor  resembling  prunes  with 
a  mawkish  taste.  Tt  was  formerly  used 
as  a  remedy  in  habitual  costiveness,  also 
used  in  the  old  confection  senna.  It  is 
now  used  some  by  Italians,  also  used 
in  drug  display  to  advertise  patent 
medicine,  as  it  is  a  striking  display  with 
other  drugs.  Practically  useless  as  a 
medicine,  but  is  said  to  make  a  striking 
looking  shade  tree  with  the  rattle  of 
the  dried  beans.  c.  w.  L. 

Dover,  N.  H. 


<J?HB  RURAE 

HARDINESS  OF  PLANTS. 

A  reader  of  The  It.  N.-Y.,  asks  if  the 
native  plants  of  the  Puget  Sound  country 
are  hardy  in  Connecticut.  As  the  same 
question  comes  from  many  other  sections 
of  the  United  States,  I  will  try  to  an¬ 
swer.  Every  locality  has  its  peculiarities 
in  soil,  climate  and  natural  vegetation. 
Many  plants  grow  wild  in  the  arid  dis¬ 
tricts  of  the  West  and  succeed  equally  as 
well  under  rainfall  conditions,  and  some 
of  the  richest  forest  flowers  and  evergreens 
do  better  when  transferred  to  irrigated  sec¬ 
tions.  Mountain  flowers  and  plants  flourish 
in  the  valleys  and  lowland,  bulbs  give  out 
fine  foliage  when  taken  to  higher  alti¬ 
tudes.  One  of  the  largest  and  best  crops 
of  tomatoes  I  ever  harvested  was  produced 
in  a  high,  mountain-walled  valley  where 
natives  told  me  the  tomatoes  would  not 
ripen.  The  ground  was  prepared  in  the 
usual  manner,  plants  set  at  the  ordinary 
season  and  the  cultivation  of  the  same 
order  as  that  given  in  natural  tomato¬ 
growing  districts.  But  I  saw  the  fruits 
mature,  ripen  and  go  to  the  buyers,  who 
paid  fancy  prices  for  them,  still  protesting 
that  tomatoes  would  not  ripen  at  an  alti¬ 
tude  of  6,000  feet.  Plants  are  transferred 
from  their  native  homes  and  put  in  new 
soils  many  thousand  miles  away,  to  pro¬ 
duce  even  better  results  than  in  their  origi¬ 
nal  seedbeds.  I  have  several  specimens  of 
trees,  plants  and  flowers,  shipped  from  the 
Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  and  different 
nurseries,  in  various  localities,  the  speci¬ 
mens  coming  originally  from  China,  Japan 
and  other  Oriental  countries.  They  are 
doing  well  and  seem  to  be  right  at  home 
in  the  Puget  Sound  basin.  I  do  not  know 
whether  the  native  plants  of  Puget  Sound 
are  hardy  in  any  region  except  in  the  forest, 
only  as  people  plant  them  and  write  me 
results.  It  seems  to  me  that  such  plants 
as  ferns,  Rhododendrons,  huckleberries, 
Spiraeas,  evergreens  and  similar  natives, 
should  grow  in  any  country,  where  given 
proper  attention.  joel  shomakek. 

Washington. 

Destroying  Paint  Brush. 

Will  you  give  the  best  and  surest  way 
to  get  rid  of  paint  brush  in  places  where 
you  cannot  plow  ?  l.  f.  s. 

Newark  Valley,  N.  Y. 

Outside  of  plowing  and  cultivating  the 
best  plan  is  to  broadcast  coarse  salt  heav¬ 
ily.  This  will  kill  out  most  of  the  weed. 

Dust  Spraying. 

On  page  623  in  regard  to  the  advantage 
of  dust  method  of  spraying  would  not  that 
apply  equally  if  not  more  so  to  potatoes? 
Can  you  buy  powdered  dry  Bordeaux  that 
would  combine  with  powdered  arsenate  of 
lead,  and  are  there  any  hand  machines 
made  that  will  apply  it  effectually? 

Maine.  o.  a.  k. 

Yes,  dry  or  dust  “spraying”  is  often  used 
on  potatoes  and  other  vine  plants.  The 
liquid  sprays  are  more  popular,  but  the 
dust  gives  fair  results.  Several  advertisers 
sell  the  prepared  dust  and  the  bellows  for 
applying  it. 


California  Strawberries. — This  valley 
is  a  heavy  strawberry  producer,  the  ship¬ 
ments  starting  in  May  and  continuing 
steadily  for  at  least  six  months.  Beds  are 
always  left  for  at  least  five  years,  but 
when  plowed  up,  berries  are  rarely  planted 
on  same  ground  again,  as  usually  apple 
trees  have  been  growing  during  the  five 
years.  No  manure  or  fertilizer  is  used. 
Strawberry  growers  usually  lease  the  land 
and  when  new  fields  are  wanted,  new  land 
is  leased.  Japanese  do  all  the  work  of 
cultivating,  picking,  etc.,  on  a  basis  of  a 
share  of  the  proceeds.  The  gross  returns 
per  acre  are  very  large.  w.  e.  h.,  jr. 

Watsonville,  Calif. 

Early  Harvest  Blackberry. — A  corre¬ 
spondent  of  the  “Indiana  Farmer”  says  of 
this  berry  that  it  is  early,  but  not  hardy 
We  have  grown  this  berry  for  20  years ; 
never  saw  it  winter  killed,  nor  miss  a  crop 
of  fruit  in  that  20  years.  Although  very 
early,  yet  it  is  one  of  the  last  to  bloom. 
Last  year  it  was  the  only  variety  that  fruit¬ 
ed  for  us  anything  like  a  crop.  The  freeze 
on  the  night  of  May  26  did  not  harm  it. 
We  begin  picking  Early  Harvest  along  with 
the  black  raspberries  and  continue  picking 
as  long  as  we  do  any  other  variety  of  black¬ 
berry.  In  1905  we  began  picking  Early 
Harvest  June  29,  and  finished  picking  Au¬ 
gust  16,  a  period  of  48  days.  All  things 
considered,  we  regard  it  the  best  kind  on 
our  place.  I.  u.  H. 

Indiana. 

Weeds  of  the  Farm  and  Garden,  by  Dr. 
L.  H.  Pammel.  Every  farmer  needs  to 
know  weeds  common  to  his  locality,  since 
knowledge  of  their  habit  of  growth  is  the 
first  requisite  in  fighting  them.  Few  books 
on  this  subject  have  been  issued  in  this 
country,  and  Dr.  Pammel  has  made  an  ex¬ 
tremely  useful  contribution  to  farm  litera¬ 
ture.  Descriptions  are  given  of  common 
weeds,  with  numerous  illustrations,  noxious 
weeds  are  listed,  there  is  a  chapter  on 
weeds  of  special  crops,  and  others  on  weed 
laws  and  weed  impurities.  The  list  of 
poisonous  weeds,  while  extremely  con¬ 
densed,  will  startle  those  who  do  not 
realize  the  danger  of  such  plants.  Pub¬ 
lished  by  Orange  Judd  Company,  New  York ; 
281  pages,  161  illustrations  and  copious  in¬ 
dex,  price  $1.50. 


DJE3W-VORK3EJS 


Spray  Your 
Potato  Vines 

with 

Swift’s  Arsenate 
of  Lead 


DON’T  putter  around  with  a  stick  and 
old  tin  pan,  but  get  all  the  bugs 
and  get  them  quick  and  easy. 


Swift's  Arsenate  of  Lead  mixes 
readily  with  water,  does  not  settle 
quickly,  can  be  applied  with  any 
pump. 

It  sticks  to  the  foliage  through 
ordinary  rains — one  spraying  lasts 
as  long  as  three  or  four  with  the 
old-style  mixtures. 

Use  it  on  your  vegetables  and 
fruits,  and  get  the  yield  your  land 
can  produce.  It  is  fatal  to  leaf¬ 
eating  worms  and  insects. 

MERRIMAC  CHEMICAL  CO. 

31  Broad  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 


$45.00 


No.  190--Runabout 

Sells  at  retail  at  for  $65.  Easy 
riding,  stylish  and  very  durable. 
We  defy  competion  with  it. 

$48.50 


No.  290— Buckboard 

Retailers  ask  $70  for  its  equal.  Our 
own  pattern,  strongly  made,  easiest 
rider  known,  and  a  general  favorite. 


DIRECT  FROM  FACTORY 


We  make  the  best  New  York  State 
Standard  Quality  Wagens  and 
sell  them  direct  from 
factory  to  users  at 

Wholesale  Price# 

You  save  all  dealer’s  and  jobber’s 
profits — from  $20  io  $40 — and  obtain 
our  binding  guarantee  for  one  year 
from  date  of  purchase. 

No  Money  in  Advance 

Any  wagon  will  be  shipped  to  you 
for  free  examination  and  approval.  No 
deposit  or  references  required. 

Safe  Delivery  Guaranteed 

Y ou  take  no  risk  whatever.  Every 
wagon  will  reach  you  in  perfect  condi¬ 
tion,  or  it  can  be  returned  to  us  at  our 
expense. 


$53.50 


No.  118 — Top  Buggy 
Fully  as  good  as  retails  for  $75, 
Will  give  years  of  service,  nicely 
finished,  and  a  bargain 

$53.50 


No.  350 — Handy  Wag'on 
Removable  seats,  very  strong,  and 
one  of  our  best  selling  styles.  Can’t 
be  duplicated  anywhere  for  less 
than  $70. 


Send  for  Catalogue 


Showing  200  styles  of  wagons  and  50  styles  of  Harness. 
Every  approved  pattern  is  shown  at  a  wide  range  of  price*. 


ROCHESTER  VEHICLE  CO.,  360  Main  St.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


For  Orchard  and  Farm ; 

All  genuine  “Cutaways”  are  intense  cultivators  and 
will  increase  your  crops  25  to  50  per  cent.  Our  Double 
Action  ••Cutaway”  Harrow  is  a  wonderful  invention 
—can  be  used  in  field  or  orchard.  Perfect  center 
draft.  Drawn  by  two  medium  horses  will  move  the 
earth  twice  on  every  trip.  We  can  prove  it. 

“Intensive  Cultivation,”  our  new  catalogue  is  Free. 
Send  for  it  today. 

CUTAWAY  HARROW  CO..  839  Mata  St.,  Himnum,  Conn. 


Gasoline  Engines 


2^/2  and  3 %  Horsepower 

Deyo  Engines  will  always  go.  Don’t  make 
the  mistake  of  buying  a  balky  engine.  It 
is  worse  than  none.  Get  the  best  when  you 
buy  and  do  not  buy  until  you  have  seen  a 
Deyo,  Let  us  explain  our  liberal  proposi¬ 
tion.  Write  for  bulletin  2-B. 

DEY0-MACEY  ENGINE  CO..  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 
Manufacturers  of  Deyo  Power  Sprayers 


CHARTER 


FRANKLY,  the 

is  being  sold  so  largely  in 

3310  SIZES 

we  are  not  interested  in 
small  ones. 

From  20  H.  P.  Up  we  have  the 
Best  Gasoline  Engine  as  well  as 
the  Original  of  the  World. 

CHARTER  GAS  ENGINE  CO.,  Box  26,  Sterling,  III.,  U.S.  A. 


INOCULATED  ALFALFA  SOIL 

75  cents  per  hundred,  $10.00  per  ton.  F.  O.  B.  Ash- 
ville,  Pa.  Send  for  FREE  booklet  “How  to  Grow 
Alfalfa.”  Dr.  H.  SOMERVILLE,  Chest  Springs, 
Cambria  County,  Pa. 


gasoline,  distillate,  any  fuel  oil,  perfectly — without  change, 

Cheapest,  Safest,  Simplest 

POWER 

for  b»m  work,  house  work,  mill  work,  dairy  work,  well 
work,  spraying,  sawing, irrigation, electric  lights,  pumping. 

Astonishing  success.  More  power  gallon  for  gallon.  Hun¬ 
dred  less  parts.  Patent  throttle  gives  three  engines  for  the 
price  of  one.  Catalog  free — tells  how.  1 
Double  duty  tank  revolutionizes  cooling 
systems.  Force  feod  lubricator — per-  | 
feet  oiling.  Automobile  muffler. 

Ball  bearing  governor.  Starts  in* 
stantly.  No  pre-heating.  No 
crank.  Experience  unne«* 
essary.  Women  can oper* 
tate.  Vibratio  elimina* 
ed.  Quality  high — price 
low.  Comes  complete. 

Ahvaye  hungry  for 
work— and  thrivoson  it.  | 

FREE  TRIAL 

No  obligation  till  satis* 
lied.  10-year  guarantee. 

Engine  Facts”  free 
write  for  it  NOW. 

Ellis  Engine  Co., 

51  Mullet!  St  ,  OETROIT,  MICH. 


Bees  on  the  Farm 

will  help  yon  get  more  pleasure  and  more  profit 
from  Bee  keeping.  6  months  trial  subscription  25c. 
Book  on  Bees  and  Catalog  of  Supplies  sent  free. 

THE  A.  I.  ROOT  COMPANY.  Box  65.  MEDINA,  OHIO 


— 99jXoo  %  Pure— 

American  Ingot  Iron  Roofing 

Guaranteed  For  30  Years 

Without  Painting 

The  Only  Guaranteed  Metal  Roofing  ever  put  on  the 
market.  Samples  free.  Write  for  a  free  book  showing 
remarkable  tests.  A  way  out  of  your  roof  troubles. 

THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  CO.,  Dent.  0.  ELYRIA,  OHIO 


T24 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes 

Established  J8S0 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 

Herbert  W.  Coixingwood,  President  and  Editor. 

Jons  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Royle.  Associate  Editor. 


SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union.  $e.B4.  equal  to  8s.  Gd.,  or 
&lA  marks,  or  id  A  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  '  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Clas3  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  (10  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  as  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  p.-iid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  trifling  differences 
between  subsoribei-s  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  he 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  ns  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  i  icntioued  The  Rl’ral  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

We  give  Mr.  Bower,  the  lightning  rod  agent  men¬ 
tioned  on  page  718,  the  benefit  of  some  free  adver¬ 
tising.  If  he  comes  to  rod  your  barn  our  advice  is  to 
tell  him  you  cannot  spare  the  price  of  the  rod.  That 
will  spoil  Mr.  Bower’s  little  game.  Do  not  let  him 
bluff  either  you  or  your  barn.  Keep  that  pen  picture 
of  Bower  in  mind.  It  will  fit  many  a  rogue  now  out 
of  jail  among  the  farmers. 

* 

No — Senator  Wm.  I.  Ormrod,  the  “agriculturist” 
of  the  New  York  Senate,  who  comes  from  Monroe 
County,  has  not  yet  given  the  information  asked  for 
on  page  690.  We  still  offer  him  space  in  which  to 
tell.  Mr.  James  S.  Parker,  representative  and  farmer 
from  Washington  County,  has  not  yet  told  why  he 
voted  against  the  Collin  bill  to  regulate  sale  of  farm 
produce  by  commission  men.  We  have  dug  informa¬ 
tion  out  of  hard  places  before  now. 

* 

The  West  Virginia  University  is  to  start  a  school 
of  agriculture  this  Fall.  Domestic  science  will  also 
be  taught.  The  design  of  this  school  is  to  fit  young 
men  for  practical  farm  work  and  to  give  young 
women  a  practical  knowledge  of  domestic  or  house¬ 
keeping  science.  It  is  therefore  intended  to  develop 
farm  makers  and  home  makers.  This  school  is  dis¬ 
tinct  from  the  college  of  agriculture.  It  is  not  a 
preparatory  school  or  a  competitor  of  high  schools. 
It  will  simply  give  farm  boys  and  girls  a  chance  te 
study  advanced  farming — for  anyone  who  has  passed 
the  eighth  grade  may  enter.  This  is  a  good  move, 
and  we  believe  the  school  will  be  well  attended.  The 
colleges  of  agriculture  have  their  place,  and  are  learn¬ 
ing  to  fill  it  well,  but  there  has  always  been  a  need  for 
agricultural  schools  which  shall  teach  farming  rather 
than  agriculture  as  we  are  coming  to  understand  that 
word.  Many  farm  boys  are  discouraged  or  frightened 
at  the  requirements  for  college  entrance.  They  are 
fitted  to  enter  a  school,  and  would  do  so  if  they  had 
the  chance. 

* 

One  number  of  the  programme  took  up  the  care  and 
feeding  of  cows  for  milk  production.  A  scrub  cow  and  a 
high-grade  Jersey  were  brought  on  the  platform.  Those 
cows  were  fed,  groomed,  and  milked.  The  cost  of  feeding 
each  cow  for  a  year  was  shown,  also  the  amount  of  milk 
that  each  gave  in  a  year.  It  appeared  that  for  the  same  ex¬ 
penditure  for  feed  and  care  a  profit  of  $69  was  made  on 
the  Jersey  cow,  while  $14  was  lost  on  the  scrub  cow. 

That  is  from  a  report  of  “commencement”  at  Tus- 
kegee — the  Alabama  school  for  colored  people.  The 
young  men  who  gave  this  exhibition  might  have  de¬ 
livered  orations  on  “The  future  of  my  race,”  or  “The 
age  of  chivalry,”  but  they  were  wise  in  letting  the 
scrub  and  the  Jersey  speak  for  them.  Most  men 
must  be  led  to  a  chivalrous  future  by  understanding 
just  what  the  difference  between  these  cows  repre¬ 
sents.  We  include  all  men  in  this— white,  black,  red, 
yellow,  brown  or  spotted!  One  great  trouble  with 
modern  education  is  that  the  colleges  have  not  under¬ 
stood  that  fact,  but  have  been  trying  to  lead  the  race 
upward  by  pretty  words.  The  audience  at  the  usual 
agricultural  college  commencement  might  be  shocked 
at  an  oration  from  a  cow,  but  the  fact  remains  that 
what  we  need  is  some  form  of  agricultural  education 
in  which  that  form  of  instruction  will  be  given  highest 
place.  At  this  same  Tuskegee  exhibition  two  girls 
came  on  the  platform — one  with  a  badly  fitting  dress. 
Instead  of  reading  a  poem  the  other  girl  with  a  few 
neat  tucks  and  stitches  made  that  dress  fit  neatly  and 
well — and  explained  how  it  was  done. 


Well  sir,  the  chances  are  that  you  do  more  or  less 
growling  during  the  year.  Things  go  wrong  and  you 
think  you  have  a  terrible  time.  Probably  you  do. 
Work  is  hard  and  35  cents  is  not  a  large  share  of  the 
consumer’s  dollar.  But  what  we  want  you  to  do  is 
to  read  slowly  and  carefully  the  story  of  that  farm 
couple  out  in  Western  Kansas.  You  will  find  it  on 
page  721.  After  reading  it  there  will  be  some  time 
before  you  complain  again.  Just  think  what  it  means 
to  farm  in  that  way.  You  might  rake  the  armies 
of  the  world  with  a  fine  tooth  comb  and  not  find  a 
braver  pair  than  this  crippled  man  and  woman  in 
Kansas.  That  ought  to  prove  a  mental  and  moral 
shake-up  for  all  of  us.  Your  wife  may  not  be  obliged 
to  go  on  crutches  to  the  distant  well  for  water,  but 
have  you  done  what  you  can  easily  afford  to  make 
her  work  lighter? 

* 

As  the  17-ycar  locusts  prolong  their  stay  their  dam¬ 
age  becomes  more  apparent.  We  are  located  right  in 
the  heart  of  the  locust  territory,  yet  little  or  no  dam¬ 
age  has  yet  been  done  to  our  own  trees.  Less  than 
half  a  mile  away  single  trees  or  orchards  are  being 
ruined  in  shape  if  not  destroyed.  Some  victims  of 
the  locust  habit  think  the  insect  eats  or  chews  the 
twigs.  She  does  nothing  of  the  sort — in  fact  cannot 
chew.  Twigs  and  branches  are  cut  and  slit,  in 
some  cases  completely  around,  so  that  they  break  and 
die.  The  high  winds  are  responsible  for  much  of 
the  damage.  Prof.  J.  B.  Smith,  the  New  Jersey  State 
Entomologist,  writes : 

There  is  no  doubt  that  very  great  injury  has  been  done 
in  some  localities,  particularly  on  young  orchards.  In 
spite  of  the  warning  that  was  given  last  Fall  a  great  many 
trees  were  set  out,  and  last  week  I  was  in  an  orchard 
whore  30,000  trees  were  set  out,  fully  75  per  cent,  of  which 
are  now  dead  or  dying.  The  chances  are  that  the  entire 
lot  will  have  to  he  taken  out  and  reset.  The  cost  of  the 
trees,  the  cost  of  labor  and  one  year's  time  have  been  lost 
because  the  warning  issued  from  the  Experiment  Station 
was  disregarded. 

Where  the  limbs  are  cut  and  hang  down  they 
should  be  pruned  off  and  burned.  Handle  the  trees 
as  you  would  in  case  of  any  mechanical  injury.  In 
most  cases  the  trees  will  not  be  killed,  but  will  lose 
one  year’s  growth. 

* 

The  trouble  with  the  farmer  is  that  he  has  waked  up 
too  late.  lie  was  so  busy  last  Fall  voting  against  the  Re¬ 
publican  party  on  account  of  the  high  cost  of  living  and 
because  his  farm  newspapers  were  lying  to  him  about 
parcels  post  and  rural  free  delivery,  that  he  forgot  all 
about  his  own  Interests. 

This  is  taken  from  the  Elmira  (N.  Y.)  Advertiser, 
which  paper  is,  we  understand,  controlled  by  ex- 
Congressman  Fassett.  The  farmer  has  many  troubles. 
One  of  them  is  that  he  did  not  “wake  up”  15  years 
ago  and  retire  such  gentlemen  as  Mr.  Fassett  to 
private  life.  We  must  admit  that  he  has  been  asleep 
and  dreaming  that  the  so-called  “leaders”  were  work¬ 
ing  in  his  interests.  What  woke  him  up  was  the 
discovery  forced  upon  him,  that  these  “leaders”  had 
led  him  into  a  ditch  and  left  him  there.  He  found 
himself  held  up  by  express  companies  and  robbed ' 
right  and  left  by  transportation  companies  and  middle¬ 
men.  Parcels  post  would  relieve  him,  but  his  “lead¬ 
ers”  would  not  give  it  to  him,  though  every  other 
civilized  nation  on  earth  enjoys  the  privilege.  As  the 
farmer  could  get  nothing  but  “careful  consideration” 
from  his  Congressmen,  he  used  the  boot.  He  will 
tise  it  again  on  the  new  ones  if  they  do  not  help 
him.  The  farmer  has  “waked  up,”  but  such  papers 
as  the  Elmira  Advertiser  are  still  asleep,  and  do  nof 
seem  to  realize  that  the  farmers  will  now  fight  foi* 
their  rights,  regardless  of  party. 

* 

I  was  pleased  to  see  the  article  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  under 
the  heading  of  “A  Florida  Land  Co.”  My  only  surprise  is 
that  the  subject  has  not  been  taken  up  before.  a.  s.  p. 

Now  York. 

Bless  your  heart,  The  R.  N.-Y.  has  been  after 
these  boomers  for  years.  No  reader  of  The  R.  N.-Y. 
has  any  good  excuse  for  buying  this  worthless  land. 
When  this  company  started  its  horn  blowing  with  a 
picture  of  Luther  Burbank  and  promises  of  some  of 
his  “new  creations”  as  a  premium  to  land  buyers,  we 
exposed  the  scheme  openly  and  showed  its  real  char¬ 
acter.  In  reply  the  company  said  that  we  were  “sore” 
because  we  could  not  get  their  advertising.  That  is 
the  motive  that  the  bloodsucking  advertiser  usually 
attributes  to  those  who  try  to  shake  him  off.  We  are 
sorry  to  say  that  the  great  majority  of  the  news¬ 
papers  give  these  wretches  ample  reason  for  making 
the  statement.  Some  of  the  victims  knew  better  when 
they  gave  up  their  money,  yet  we  have  sympathy  for 
them,  for  we  know  how  sadly  they  needed  home  and 
health.  A  few  honest  papers  try  to  spread  the  truth 
about  these  miserable  land  boopis.  What  can  they  do 
when  hundreds  of  magazine?  and  daily  papers  print 
great  page  advertisements,  while  “reputable  men”  help 


July  1, 

the  fraud?  Luther  Burbank  is  an  example  of  the 
“famous”  men  who  lend  their  names  to  promote  such 
schemes.  It  is  a  lonesome  job  at  times,  but  The  R. 
N.-Y.  will  do  its  best  to  show  up  such  fakes. 

* 

Senator  Martine,  of  New  Jersey,  broke  into  the 
debate  on  Canadian  reciprocity  when  the  price  of  cows 
came  under  fire.  In  order  to  make  sure  we  asked  the 
Senator  to  tell  us  just  what  he  said.  Here  it  is: 

As  a  farmer  all  my  life,  I  can  assert  that  throughout 
New  Jersey  and  the  most  of  New  York  it  is  a  rarity  to 
find  a  milch  cow  in  the  dairy  districts  that  will  command 
over  $50.  There  are  instances,  as  the  Senator  states, 
where  dairy  cows  will  run  from  $100  to  $150,  and  I  have 
neighbors  who  have  paid  as  high  as  $2,500  for  a  cow.  But 
the  average  cow  throughout  the  dairy  districts  of  New 
York  State,  up  in  great  Orange  County,  the  dairying 
county  of  New  York  State,  and  through  Sussex  County, 
will  not  average  over  $45  to  $50. 

In  a  way  Mr.  Martine  and  our  old  friend  “Missy 
of  the  Glen”  are  not  unlike  Jack  Spratt  and  his  wife. 
Missy  put  too  much  fat  in  the  milk,  and  the  Senator 
makes  the  price  too  lean.  This  is  part  of  what  we 
wrote  the  Senator: 

I  am  going  to  ask  you  to  tell  me  where  I  can  go  out  and 
buy  a  herd  of  cows  for  $50  or  under ;  I  understand  you  to 
say  that  such  cows  are  common.  In  the  dairy  districts  of 
Orange  County  and  Northern  New  Jersey  we  have  been 
unable  to  find  such  cows.  Reports  to  us  from  the  dairy 
districts  are  that  cows  are  higher  than  ever  this  season. 
From  $65  to  $75  is  by  no  means  an  unusual  price  for  the 
average  animal.  For  the  benefit  of  our  dairymen,  I  would 
like  to  know  where  good  milk  producers  can  be  obtained 
at  the  price  you  mention.  I  understand  you  to  say  that 
you  have  always  been  a  farmer.  It  is  possible  that  yon 
have  a  number  of  these  cows  on  your  own  farm  which  you 
would  sell  at  that  figure.  If  that  is  so,  will  you  please 
let  me  know  whore  we  can  get  them? 

That  was  written  June  5,  but  not  a  word  has  come 
from  Mr.  Martine.  Where  are  the  $45  cows?  Is  it 
possible  that  Mr.  Martine  is  an  “agriculturist”  and 
figures  cows  on  that  basis? 

* 

Last  week  we  gave  the  names  of  men  in  the  New 
^  ork  Legislature  who  call  themselves  farmers  and 
who  voted  against  the  Collin  bill.  This  bill  repre¬ 
sented  a  move  toward  regulating  the  commission  men 
in  sales  of  farm  produce.  In  response  to  questions 
we  receive  the  following: 

I  have  received  your  letter  of  recent  date,  asking  me 
to  state  my  reasons  for  voting  against  ‘‘what  is  known 
as  the  Collin  bill.”  There  were  two  bills  introduced  by 
Mr.  C  ollin,  Nos.  2139  and  2100.  There  were  provisions  in 
the  first  hill  which  I  thought  were  impractical.  T  would 
have  supported  the  second  bill.  Mr.  Collin,  however,  al¬ 
lowed  the  same  vote  to  stand  on  the  second  hill  without  a 
slow  roll  call.  I  am  in  favor  of  Bill  No.  2100. 

H.  E.  H.  BU BRETON. 

In  regard  to  the  Collin  hill,  when  it  was  before  the 
Assembly  I  did  not  have  a  copy  on  my  desk,  but  was  told 
that  it  was  detrimental  to  the  interests  of  the  farmers.  I 
will  look  up  the  bill.  John  c.  myers. 

James  S.  Parker,  representative  from  Washington 
County,  has  not  replied  at  all.  We  would  like  to 
know  who  told  Mr.  Myers  this  bill  was  “detrimen¬ 
tal  to  the  interests  of  the  farmers?”  He  is  rated  as 
a  “farmer”  himself.  Does  he  have  to  go  to  a  lawyer 
or  a  doctor  or  a  clergyman  to  find  out  how  legislation 
will  affect  his  own  interests?  Mr.  Smith,  the  Demo¬ 
cratic  leader  of  the  Assembly,  is  a  real  estate  man. 
He  fought  the  bill,  and  close  beside  him  sat  Mr. 
CaughTan,  a  commission  man  who  posted  Smith  at 
every  turn  and  told  him  what  to  say!  Perhaps  Mr. 
Myers  got  his  “detrimental”  knowledge  from  a  similar 
source.  Mr.  Myers  represents  Schenectady  County. 
Last  Fall  he  received  6,916  out  of  a  total  of  16,991  ! 
Now  we  are  going  to  chase  after  the  principle  in  this 
Collin  bill  until  it  is  a  part  of  the  law  and  enforced ! 

Tt  is  right,  and  every  farmer  in  the  State  should  help 
push  it  through.  Begin  now  and  see  that  the  man 
who  wants  to  represent  your  county  promises  to  help 
regulate  the  commission  men.  Perhaps  James  S. 
Parker  thinks  he  does  not  have  to  tell  why  he  does 
things  at  Albany.  We  will  ask  our  readers  in  Wash¬ 
ington  County  to  join  us  in  finding  out. 

BREVITIES. 

American  interests  have  $417,143,221  invested  in  Can¬ 
ada. 

Another  thing  we  have  learned  about  silage’is  that  some 
poultrymen  feed  it  with  fair  results.  Do  you  know  of  any 
such  feeding?  If  so,  tell  us  about  it. 

Connecticut  increased  the  value  of  her  poultry  53  per 
cent,  between  1900  and  1910.  Her  poultry  is  now  worth 
over  SI  .000.000 — twice  as  much  as  the  swine. 

We  find  a  number  of  farmers  who  talk  of  getting  a  yoke 
of  oxen  to  help  with  the  rougher  work.  That  would  “save 
horseflesh.”  A  quick-stepping  Devon  is  a  good  one. 

Not  long  ago  we  answered  a  question  about  taking  the 
twist  or  “kink’  out  of  a  rope.  Several  people  write  to 
say  that  this  can  bo  best  done  by  boiling  the  rope  in  a 
large  kettle.  This  seems  to  unkink  the  kink  without  fail. 

Those  liyely  little  white  tlirips  that  suck  the  life  out  of 
the  foliage  on  your  rose  bnshes  can  be  routed  with  to¬ 
bacco  water.  The  little  green  slugs  that  devour  the  upper 
surface  of  rose  leaves  should  be  treated  with  powdered 
white  hellebore  or  whale-oil  soap  emulsion. 


1911. 


726 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — A  flash  of  lightning  which 
left  no  mark  either  on  the  dead  or  in  the 
vicinity,  killed  11  registered  Holstein  _cows 
June  13,  and  caused  a  loss  of  $5,050  to 
Charles  F.  Mackinson,  a  dairyman  of  Mid¬ 
dletown,  N.  Y.  The  cows  were  lying  under 
a  tree  when  a  terrific  electrical  storm  was 
in  progress.  The  cows  suddenly  fell  dead, 
following  a  brilliant  flash  of  lightning. 
During  the  same  storm  the  barn  of  John  S. 
Bull,  near  by,  was  struck  by  lightning  and 
destroyed. 

Fire  supposed  to  have  started  from  a 
spark  from  a  locomotive  in  the  rear  of  the 
Huttig  Sash  and  Door  Company’s  plant  at 
St  Louis,  Mo.,  June  15,  destroyed  eight 
acres  of  lumber,  warehouses  and  factories. 
The  plants  of  the  Huttig  Sash  and  Door 
Company,  the  Fathman  and  Miller  Planing 
Mill  Company,  the  Missouri  Stair  Company 
and  the  Mound  City  Box  Company  were  de¬ 
stroyed  The  loss  is  estimated  at  $1,000,- 
000.  The  Huttig  Company’s  property  was 
insured  for  $500,000. 

The  cold  storage  warehouse  State  regula¬ 
tion  hill  was  signed  June  15  by  Governor 
Dix  and  the  new  law  goes  into  immediate 
effect.  It  is  Chapter  335.  It  provides  for 
the  marking  of  all  cold  storage  goods  and 
they  shall  not  be  kept  in  storage  for  more 
than  10  months,  except  butter  products, 
which  mav  remain  in  storage  12  months. 
State  Health  Commissioner  Eugene  II.  Por¬ 
ter  is  given  authority  to  inspect  and  su¬ 
pervise  all  cold  storage  plants  and  to  make 
reasonable  rules  and  regulations  governing 
them.  Warehousemen  are  required  to  file 
a  report  to  the  State  Health  Department  in 
Januarv,  May  and  September  in  each  year, 
setting"  forth  the  quantity  of  foodstuff  in 
cold  storage.  The  act  prohibits  the  return 
of  food  to  cold  storage  when  once  released 
to  be  placed  on  the  market  for  sale.  A 
violation  of  the  new  law  is  made  a  misde¬ 
meanor  and  prosecution  may  be  directed 
against  the  corporation  or  its  officers  vio¬ 
lating  the  provisions  of  the  statute. 

A.  E.  Greenwalt,  president  of  the  Penn¬ 
sylvania  Federation  of  Labor,  and  Herbert 
Quick,  editor  of  an  agricultural  journal, 
spoke  June  15  in  Washington  in  favor  of 
the  establishment  in  the  I’ost  Office  De¬ 
partment  of  a  parcels  post  service,  at  a 
hearing  before  the  sub-committee  of  the 
House  Committee  on  Post  Offices  and  Post 
Iloads.  Other  representatives  of  the  Postal 
Progress  League,  which  has  been  active  for 
years  in  trying  to  have  a  parcels  post  bill 
passed,  are  to  be  heard  later  by  the  com¬ 
mittee,  which  is  considering  two  bills  intro¬ 
duced  by  Representative  Sulzer  of  New 
York  providing  for  a  parcels  post.  Mr. 
Quick  told  the  committee  that  he  thought 
a  parcels  post  would  be  the  greatest  aid  to 
the  good  roads  movement  that  could  be  de¬ 
vised.  He  suggested  that  the  service  be 
restricted  to  a  haul  not  to  exceed  fifty 
miles.  The  Sulzer  bill  providing  for  the 
establishment  of  a  parcels  post  was  advo¬ 
cated  before  the  House  Committee  on  Post 
Offices  and  Post  Roads  .Tune  1G  by  Nathan 
B.  Williams  of  Fayetteville,  Ark.  Mr.  Wil¬ 
liams  told  the  committee  that  if  the  British 
postal  authorities  could  make  a  contract 
with  the  American  Express  Company,  such 
as  he  claimed  they  had  made,  and  deliver 
an  11 -pound  package  from  any  part  of 
Great  Britain  to  any  part  of  the  United 
States  for  24  cents,  the  Post  Office  Depart¬ 
ment  of  this  Government  could  afford  to 
operate  a  similar  service.  Mr.  Williams 
declared  that  about  one-half  of  the  busi¬ 
ness  handled  by  the  express  companies  of 
the  country  consisted  of  packages  weighing 
less  than  11  pounds,  most  of  which  would 
be  sent  by  parcels  post  if  such  a  service 
were  established.  The  service  would  be 
profitable  to  the  Government,  he  believed. 

On  the  application  of  Samuel  P.  Williams 
and  several  other  stockholders.  Justice 
Cohalan  appointed  June  10  two  receivers 
for  the  United  Wireless  Telegraph  Com¬ 
pany.  The  court  named  Robert  E.  Dowling 
and  Sidney  Harris.  There  wore  already 
receiverships  for  the  wireless  company  in 
Maine  and  New  Jersey.  Several  of  the 
company’s  officials  were  recently  convicted 
in  the  Federal  Conrt.  The  plaintiffs,  who 
have  begun  an  action  in  equity,  alleged 
that  the  affairs  of  the  company  were  gross¬ 
ly  mismanaged  by  the  directors  of  the  com¬ 
pany,  with  injury  to  them  and  to  the 
corporation.  Henry  A.  Wise,  United  States 
Attorney,  who  prosecuted  the  officers  in  the  . 
Federal  Conrt.  was  examined  under  a  com¬ 
mission  in  the  receivership  proceeding.  He 
said  he  knew  of  money  the  defendants  had 
concealed,  but  refused  to  say  where  it  was 
because  he  expected  to  make  them  pay  the 
$50,000  costs  that  the  United  States  was  put 
to  in  the  prosecution.  The  United  Wire¬ 
less  Company  was  organized  under  the  laws 
of  Maine.  It  has  an  authorized  common 
stock  of  $10,000,000  and  preferred  stock  of 
$3,000,000.  The  corporation  owns  valuable 
personal  property,  including  patents  and 
patent  rights. 

WASHINGTON. — By  a  vote  of  221  to  100 
the  House  of  Representatives  June  20 
passed  the  Democratic  wool  revision  bill. 
The  announcement  of  the  result  was  greeted 
with  great  applause  by  the  Democrats.  A 
message  was  received  frdm  the  President, 
stating  that  the  Tariff  Board  had  not  com¬ 
pleted  its  report  on  the  wool  schedule  and 
that  for  this  reason  he  found  it  imprac¬ 
tical  to  comply  with  the  resolution  recently 
passed  by  the  House  calling  for  the  data 
on  wool  collected  by  the  board. 

Henry  T.  Oxnard,  vice-president  of  the 
American  Beet  Sugar  Company,  told  the 
Hardwick  investigating  committee  of  the 
House  .Tune  16  how  John  E.  Parsons,  as 
counsel  for  the  American  Sugar  Refining 
Company  had  O.  K.’d  an  agreement  between 
the  sugar  trust  and  the  American  Beet 
Sugar  Company,  which  later  was  abrogated 
bv  the  beet  sugar  folks  because  they  were 
advised  that  it  might  land  some  of  them 
in  jail  for  violating  the  Sherman  anti  trust 
law.  The  questionable  agreement  was  en¬ 
tered  into  by  the  two  sugar  interests  in 
1963,  'after  the  sugar  trust  had  tried  in 
vain  to  drive  the  beet  sugar  people  out  of 
business  by  cutting  prices.  Under  the 
agreement  the  American  Sugar  Refining 
Company  became  the  selling  agent  of  the 
American  Beet  Sugar  Company.  In  de¬ 
scribing  the  sugar  trust’s  efforts  to  drive 
the  beet  sugar  interests  out  of  business, 
Mr.  Oxnard  said  that  in  October.  1901,  the 
American  Sugar  Refining  Company  dropped 
its  price  from  five  cents  to  3%  cents  a 
pound  in  the  Missouri  River  Valley  for  the 


THE  RURAL.  NEW-YORKER 


purpose  of  damaging  the  beet  sugar  inter¬ 
ests.  “That  was  the  only  effort  ever  made 
by  the  American  Sugar  Refining  Company 
to  drive  the  beet  sugar  people  out  of  busi¬ 
ness,"  the  witness  added.  Mr.  Oxnard  said 
that  the  purpose  of  the  American  Sugar 
Refining  Company  was  apparently  to  com¬ 
pel  the  beet  sugar  factories  to  fill  their 
then  existing  contracts  at  3%  cents  a 
pound,  which  was  less  than  the  cost  of  pro¬ 
duction.  In  reply  to  questions  by  Repre¬ 
sentative  Fordney,  Mr.  Oxnard  said  that  the 
removal  of  the  existing  duties  would  ruin 
the  beet  sugar  industry.  Mr.  Oxnard  said 
that  the  American  Sugar  Refining  Com¬ 
pany  controlled  only  about  20  per  cent,  of 
the  beet  sugar  industry,  and  there  was  no 
division  of  territory  or  agreement  to  control 
prices.  The  American  Sugar  Refining  Com¬ 
pany  had  considerably  aided  in  the  growth 
of  the  beet  sugar  industry  by  its  enormous 
capital  and  its  experimenters. 

FARM  AND  GARDEN.  —  After  three 
years’  efforts  by  the  State  authorities  the 
scourge  of  the  elm  tree  beetle  has  been 
checked  in  Connecticut.  Now  a  similar  pest 
has  been  discovered  attacking  the  maple 
trees  in  Northern  Connecticut  and  Vermont. 
Sugar  maples  over  tracts  many  miles  square 
are  victims  of  this  new  scourge.  The  ground 
under  the  trees  is  covered  with  dead  leaves 
and  the  trees  are  bare.  Unless  something  is 
discovered  to  prevent  its  spread,  the  annual 
New  England  maple  sugar  crop  will  soon 
be  a  thing  of  the  past 

George  G.  Brown,  secretary  of  the  Live 
Poultry  Commission  Merchants’  Protective 
Association,  19  of  whose  members  are  on 
trial  for  conspiring  to  injure  trade  and 
commerce,  testified  in  General  Sessions  at 
New  York  June  19  that  he  had  feared  that 
the  Armours  and  other  large  packing  houses 
were  planning  to  get  the  live  poultry  trade 
in  New  York  and  that  the  commission  men 
had  to  combine  to  fight  them.  Assistant 
District  Attorney  De  Ford  asked  many 
questions  to  find  out  if  he  could  just  in 
what  way  the  big  packing  houses  were 
threatening  the  chicken  men. 

An  international  egg-laying  contest,  un¬ 
der  the  auspices  of  the  Philadelphia  North 
American  and  a  board  of  experts,  will 
shortly  be  started  at  the  Connecticnt  Ex¬ 
periment  Station  at  Storrs.  This  is  in  line 
with  the  Australian  egg-laying  contests,  of 
which  about  10  are  now  in  progress  in  that 
eounti'y.  The  advisory  board  of  the  Storrs 
contest  includes  the  following:  G.  A.  Me- 
Dcvitt  and  F.  V.  L.  Turner,  of  the  North 
American  staff ;  Prof.  F.  H.  Stoneburn,  Con¬ 
necticut  Agricultural  College,  Storrs,  Cohd.  ; 
T.  F.  McGrow,  of  the  International  Cor¬ 
respondence  Schools,  Scranton,  Pa. ;  Dr.  P.  T. 
Woods,  of  the  American  Poultry  Journal, 
Chicago,  Ill.  ;  Dr.  N.  W.  Sanborn,  of  the 
American  Poultry  Advocate,  Syracuse.  N. 
Y.  ;  Dr.  A.  A.  Brigham,  South  Dakota 
School  of  Agriculture,  Brookings,  S.  D.  ; 
Prof.  Homer  Jackson,  Pennsylvania  State 
College,  State  College,  Pa.  ;  Prof.  F.  C.  El- 
ford,  Macdonald  College,  Quebec. 


DIARY  OF  FARM  WORK. 


ed  Saturday,  and  after  cutting  buds  and 
blossoms  from  the  rhubarb,  for  I  raise  to 
sell  a  few  hundred  pounds  yearly  in  the 
local  market ;  then  I  hitch  up  the  old  black 
horse  to  the  Keystone  weeder  and  run  be¬ 
tween  the  Shaffer  raspberries  and  over  the 
little  asparagus  hod,  both  raised  for  our 
own  use.  Then  the  grapes,  about  150,  set 
9x6,  mostly  Worden,  whose  good  clusters 
bring  us  eight  to  10  cents  per  pound  whole¬ 
sale  early  in  the  grape  season.  The  land 
is  light  and  too  poor  for  most  crops,  but  the 
grapes  thrive  well  upon  it,  hence  the  weeder 
does  good  work,  as  the  soil  is  mellow  and 
fine.  As  I  pass  the  Campbell's  Early  full 
of  bloom,  with  its  largo  clusters,  I  only  wish 
it  would  do  better  than  in  the  past,  and 
a  Brown’s  Seedling.  Well,  I  have  some  of 
my  own  I  like  better  than  that,  and  quite 
a  number,  some  poor,  some  good,  but  they 
give  variety  to  the  list.  Then  over  the  po¬ 
tatoes,  sweet  corn  and  beans  for  home  use. 
No  hoe  will  be  needed  unless  in  the  grape's, 
and  I  will  let  a  hired  man  do  that,  for  I  do 
not  enjoy  doing  what  he  can  just  as  well  do. 

This  brings  me  to  the  end  of  my  first 
filler-set  apple  orchard,  and  I  run  through 
four  rows  of  that.  The  Wagoner  and  Mc¬ 
Intosh  nearly  all  show  a  good  setting  of 
fruit,  and.  their  branches  begin  to  touch. 
But  how  tempting  to  raise  just  one  more 
crop  of  Wagoners,  they  are  so  good  and  sell 
so  well,  before  cutting  them  out.  But  the 
weather  has  changed,  the  clouds  have  thick¬ 
ened  and  for  the  first  time  I  feel  it  will 
rain.  Now  all  my  plans  for  the  day  are 
changed,  for  within  my  storehouse  are  over 
two  tons  of  nitrate  of  soda  destined  mostly 
for  the  younger  trees,  and  not  yet  applied 
because  of  lack  of  rain.  So  at  10  a.  m.  I 
am  throwing  nitrate  round  my  young  plum 
trees  set  between  young  apples,  and  the  ap¬ 
ples  which  do  not  wear  a  bright  green  coat 
are  not  forgotten.  At  noon  1  look  to  see  if 
by  chance  some  bees  may  have  swarmed,  as 
a  number  have  in  the  last  few  warm  days, 
but  the  weather  is  too  cold  and  cloudy  to 
suit  them  to-day.  The  rest  of  the  day  was 
used  in  applying  nitrate  all  upon  the  trees 
except  500  pounds  upon  some  grass  land 
the  dry  weather  had  pinched  quite  badly. 
Before  night  a  light  rain  and  mist  had  set 
in,  aDd  when  supper  was  eaten  a  good 
ster.dy  rain  was  falling.  To-dav  I  had 
planned  to  work  alone,  as  all  my  help  is 
day  help.  It  is  possible  to  meet  my  needs 
more  easily  than  where  help  is  kept  stead¬ 
ily.  And  I  might  add  nine  hours  is  a  day’s 
work  for  such  help  here  on  all  our  farms. 


June  6. — This  morning  it  is  still  raining, 
md  little  to  do  except  there  is  about  a 
on  of  nitrate  not  yet  sifted  and  the  lumps 
jroken  up.  This  is  a  rainy  day  job  all 
ight  and  it  took  two  of  us  about  21/"  hours 
to  put  it  through  a  quarter-inch  screen, 
ireaking  up  the  lumps  and  putting  it  into 
100-pound  bags.  I  applied  a  little  more 
nitrate  when  there  was  a  little  let-up  in 
the  rain,  did  a  little  rainy  day  work  which 
v  on  Id  not  interest  the  reader,  and  as  the 
rain  still  keeps  coming  I  am  thank  till  that 
2  500  pounds  of  the  soda  is  where  it  will 
jo  some  good  and  the  rain  will  prove  a 
nlessing  to  all  our  farmers  here,  lor  it  was 
srerv  badly  needed.  11  •  mead. 

_ _  /\  AT n 


In  Northern  New  York. 


A  Pennsylvania  Farm  Day. 

The  morning  of  May  29  dawned  clear  and 
hot,  no  signs  of  rain,  and  vegetation  dry¬ 
ing  up  for  the  want  of  it.  In  the  after¬ 
noon  a  little  black  cloud  arose  in  the 
north  and  started  slowly  southward,  ac¬ 
companied  by  heavy  thunder  and  lightning. 
It  began  to  rain  gradually  at  first,  then 
faster,  then  big  black  clouds  began  coming 
from  every  direction,  and  finally  they  all 
got  together  and  the  worst  rain  and  hail¬ 
storm  of  many  years  was  on,  lasting  an 
hour  and  a  half.  Hillsides  were  gullied, 
roads  and  bridges  torn  up  and  washed 
away,  and  as  I  have  the  honorable  posi¬ 
tion  of  path  master  over  a  certain  amount 
of  road  that  was  located  right  in  the  path 
of  the  storm,  1  have  been  repairing  roads 
and  bridges  constantly  ever  since.  Now 
for  the  report.  Arose  4.30,  built  the  fire, 
tapped  on  the  stove  pipe  until  Harriet,  the 
oldest  girl,  said  Y-e-s.  Everybody  works  at 
our  house,  father  included.  I  "hurried  to 
the  barn,  fed  the  horses,  cows,  etc.,  by  that 
time  the  children  were  out,  two  girls  and 
a  hoy.  We  milked  the  cows,  separated  the 
milk,  fed  the  calves  and  pigs,  then  break¬ 
fast.  After  the  meal  was  over  I  hiked  it 
a  mile  before  seven  o’clock  to  hold  the 
levers  to  a  six-horse  grader  for  the  day, 
getting  home  at  7  p.  m.  The  boy  and 
hired  man  cultivated  corn  until  noon,  then 
the  hoy  cultivated  the  potatoes  and  garden 
with  his  team,  the  hired  man  pulling  some 
wild  cotton-weed  out  of  the  potatoes,  after 
which  the  hoy  went  back  to  cultivating  corn 
and  the  hired  man  commenced  putting  back 
one  of  the  two  farm  bridges  that  were 
washed  away.  After  supper  the  children 
and  hired  man  milked  while  I  looked  over 
the  daily  mail ;  then  I  pitched  a  few  games 
of  quoits  with  the  boy,  after  which  I  came 
in  to  write  up  my  report,  after  which  I 
will  take  little  Bob,  the  four-year-old ’white' 
headed  boy  and  go  to  bed  with  nearly  the 
same  kind  of  work  before  us  for  to-morrow, 
hut  my  wife  is  still  busy  in  the  adjoining 
room  as  I  write,  and  I  think  the  job  will 
last  quite  a  long  time  yet.  She  is  trying 
to  quiet  the  baby,  who  is  cutting  teeth. 
Weather  fair  and  cool.  w.  A.  BANGS. 

Columbia  Co.,  Pa. 

A  Massachusetts  Fruit  Farm. 

June  5. — The  little  clock  in  my  bachelor 
apartment  showed  five  a.  m.  as  I  started  to 
build  the  kitchen  fire  for  my  housekeeper, 
and  then  there  were  a  few  chores  at  the 
barn,  including  the  milking  of  the  Guernsey, 
for  I  prefer  our  own  milk  and  an  opportu¬ 
nity  to  use  what  we  wish  at  any  time, 
rather  than  depending  upon  a  milkman. 
The  surplus  can  all  be  sold  at  the  door,  so 
she  makes  little  extra  trouble  and  really 
gives  us  as  a  present  what  we  need  for  our 
own  use.  The  morning  is  cold  and  cloudy, 
with  a  downcast  wind,  46  at  five  a.  m., 
and  the  self-registering  says  down  to  41 
in  the  night,  the  coldest  for  a  long  time, 
as  we  have  been  having  some  very  warm 
weather  lately.  After  breakfast  I  expect 
to  begin  my  farm  work  at  seven  a.  m„  and 
by  the  way,  Fruto  Farm  has  not  been  so 
quiet  at  this  time  of  year,  with  so  little  of 
farm  or  team  help  for  more  than  30  years, 
and  for  the  first  time  no  crops  will  be 
planted  to  sell.  Much  of  the  orchard  land 
cultivated  for  years  will  be  given  a  year’s 
rest.  Yet  I  am  busy  just  the  same.  I  have 
ah  acre  or  so  near  my  buildings  under  cul¬ 
tivation,  which  grows  many  different  things, 
even  a  few  flowers.  Part  had  been  cultivat¬ 


June  12.  Heavy  thunder  and  downpour 
last  night.  Crops  looked  refreshed  this 
morning.  Intended  cultivating  corn  and 
potatoes,  but  it  is  too  wet.  Corn  and  pota_- 
toos  are  looking  fine.  Rising  at  4.30  to  o 
o’clock,  one  man  proceeds  to  get  cows  from 
night  pasture,  two  more  feed  horses,  etc., 
the  fourth  man  brings  pails  and  milk  cart. 
Bv  this  time  cows  in  yard  or  stable,  an 
hands  at  milking;  one  man  milks  two  cow»> 
then  starts  separator.  By  the  time  last  cow 
is  milked  separating  is  nearly  done.  One 
sees  to  horses,  another  drives  cows  to  day 
pasture,  another  rinses  dairy  utensils  and 
I  feed  calves,  herd  bull,  fowls  and  several 
hundred  chickens.  Breakfast  at  0  to  6.30. 
Hogs  and  pigs  fed  and  rest  of  chores  done, 
we  start  pressing  rye  straw;  do  this  at  odd 
times.  We  prefer  to  do  it  ourselves,  as 
regular  press  gang  make  bales  too  ragged. 
Press  until  12  o’clock,  have  about  one  hour 
noon,  press  again  until  5  p.  m..  then  sup¬ 
per  or  tea,  milking  and  other  work 
(chores)  ;  the  day’s  work  then  done. 

June  13.  Finished  pressing  to-day  at  3 
p.  m. ;  cleaned  up  in  general  and  stored 
press,  etc. 

.Tune  14.  Weather  fine  this  morning, 
ground  moist  and  mellow.  Two  men  cul¬ 
tivated,  hoed  aud  thinned  fruit  patch,  con¬ 
sisting  of  grapes,  pears,  plums,  cherries, 
berries  etc.  Another  cultivated  corn  (which 
was  sown  in  drills)  with  a  two-horse  rid¬ 
ing  cultivator,  a  fine  implement  for  line 
work;  also  with  one-horse  hand  cultivator, 
cultivated  potatoes,  strawberries,  cucum¬ 
bers,  cabbage,  tomatoes,  etc.,  in  garden. 

w.  R. 

A  Central  New  York  Farm. 

Thursday,  June  15. — At  4.30  a.  m.  we 
start  for  the  chores  and  milking ;  this  was 
finished  at  6.30,  and  at  6.45  breakfast  was 
served.  The  day  is  one  of  a  continued  rainy 
spell,  so  the  proprietor  goes  to  town  on 
business,  while  the  hired  man  is  left  to 
clean  the  vat  in  the  milk  house  and  cut 
wood.  The  boss  returns  at  noon,  and  after 
dinner,  the  weather  being  brighter,  the  man 
is  set  to  cultivate  corn,  while  the  proprietor 
resets  the  plants  in  the  cabbage  patch. 
He  stops  to  pick  a  few  berries  on  his  way 
to  the  house  and  gets  wet  in  one  of  those 
frequent  showers.  No  more  is  attempted 
until  milking  time,  which  is  finished  at  7. 

Friday,  June  16. — Up  and  milking  at 
4.30.  The  day  seems  clear,  and  it  is 
planned  to  cultivate,  but  before  breakfast 
is  finished  it  starts  raining,  so  the  team 
harness  is  thoroughly  cleaned  and  given  a 
good  dressing  of  oil.  This  takes  until  after 
dinner,  and  after  repairing  a  wagon,  the 
rain  having  stopped,  the  man  is  sent  with 
hoe  to  cut  thistles  in  the  corn  and  the 
proprietor  spends  a  time  reading.  At  4.30 
the  man  is  called  for  supper,  after  which 
the  chickens  and  hens  are  fed  and  the 
milking  finished  at  6.45. 

Saturday,  .Tune  17.— Milking,  as  usual,  at 
4  :45.  The  day  promises  fair,  and  we  must 
make  every  effort  to  capture  the  moisture 
with  which  we  have  been  blessed.  The  boss 
goes  to  the  pasture  for  colt,  while  the  man 
hauls  the  manure  from  the  barn.  The  man 
then  takes  one  horse  and  goes  to  the  lower 
plot  to  cultivate,  while  the  proprietor  takes 
the  sulky,  and  the  whole  day  is  spent  in 
this  way ;  5  o’clock  supper  and  milking, 
after  which  the  boss  works  a  few  minutes 
in  the  garden,  aided  by  the  mistress,  and 


the  man  goes  to  the  village  to  spend  his 
evening  there.  harry  barker. 

Otsego  Go.,  N.  Y. 

Day  on  a  Maryland  Farm. 

June  16.  Cloudy  and  cooler.  My  last 
seeding  of  oats  is  nearly  ready  to  cut  for 
hay,  but  owing  to  the  long  drought  seems 
hardly  worth  the  cutting.  Turn  the  sheep 
on  them  this  morning,  as  pasturage  is  very 
short.  Send  off  24  old  Leghorn  hens,  fairly 
plump,  to  town  by  the  local  market  wagon  ; 
weight,  80  pounds.  Since  the  hot  weather 
began,  smaller  birds  are  easier  to  sell,  old 
hens  bringing  15  to  16  cents.  Send  my 
man,  with  the  colt  and  a  horse  hoe  to  cul¬ 
tivate  the  corn  in  the  back  hill  field.  Ex¬ 
cept  for  washing  out  parts  of  three  or  four 
rows,  the  severe  hailstorm  last  Monday 
seems  to  have  done  my  corn  little  damage, 
as  it  was  luckily,  all  planted  late.  Corn  and 
wheat  on  neighboring  farms  was  much  in¬ 
jured.  Most  of  the  washing  was  in  the 
corn  rows,  and  when  I  used  the  spike  tooth 
harrow  right  after  planting  little  soil  was 
washed  off. 

As  soon  as  chores  were  done,  I  hitched 
the  big  mare  to  the  one-horse  corn  planter, 
with  block  set  to  drill  continuously.  Went 
out  to  the  field  above  the  peach  orchard, 
that  I  finished  harrowing  for  cow  peas  yes¬ 
terday.  This  field  (1  \>  acre)  was  iu  late 
corn  last  year.  I  sowed  Winter  vetch  at  the 
last  working,  which  came  up  well  but  Win¬ 
ter  killed.  Whether  this  was  due  to  the  dry 
Fall  and  severe  Winter  or  to  lack  of  inocu¬ 
lation  I  do  not  know.  I  spent  the  remain¬ 
der  of  the  day  putting  in  a  mixture  of  cow 
peas  and  sorghum  in  rows  three  feet  apart. 
Since  cow  peas  are  high  and  scarce  and 
grass  a  failure  I  must  make  all  the  fodder  I 
can  from  seed  on  hand.  Used  five  pocks  of 
peas ;  one  bushel  I  treated  with  a  sample 
bottle  of  Farmogerm,  and  the  remaining 
peck,  untreated,  I  planted  as  a  check. 
Shall  be  interested  to  see  if  this  artificial 
inoculation  makes  any  difference.  I  mean 
to  follow  the  peas  with  rye  or  rye  and 
vetch.  There  were  too  many  loose  stones 
for  good  work  and  wire  grass  troubled  some. 
Early  in  the  afternoon,  the  marker  caught 
on  a  small  locust  stump  and  snapped  in 
two.  Lost  half  an  hour  putting  in  a  new 
piece  of  wood.  I  must  clear  out  all  stumps 
and  as  many  stones  as  possible  before  an- 

otlior  SGcdinir. 

I  stopped  ^long  enough  at  noon  to  take  a 
full  super  off  hive  No.  3  and  put  the  escape 
hoard  under  a  full  super  on  No.  4  ;  would 
have  gotten  at  least  30  pounds  more  from 
No.  3  if  I  had  put  another  super  on  earlier 
instead  of  letting  them  fill  the  brood  frames 
with  honey.  Honey  taken  to-day  was  clear 
and  white.  Planted  a  couple  of  rows  of  let¬ 
tuce  in  the  hotbed  for  home  use ;  we  shall 
need  plenty  this  Summer  to  help  out  the 
garden.  After  dark  I  cooped  up  20  more 
old  Leghorns  for  next  week’s  delivery.  This 
about  finishes  up  the  old  stock  I  want  to 
dispose  of  and  the  work  for  to-day. 

Maryland.  a.  b. 


CROP  NOTES. 

I  am  on  a  300-acre  farm  in  the  Genesee 
Valley.  Crops  are  looking  well ;  have  40 
cows,  and  other  stock  ;  wheat,  oats,  barley, 
30  acres  of  corn,  all  looking  well.  a.  l.  m. 
Lakeville,  N.  Y. 

We  just  finished  stacking  our  oats  yester-^ 
day.  We  only  used  one  team  in  stacking, 
using  the  other  two  on  a  disk  harrow,  get¬ 
ting  the  oats  ground  ready  for  a  crop  of 
corn  and  peas.  g.  w.  m. 

Jackson,  Miss. 

After  a  very  wet  Spring  we  have  had 
four  weeks  of  dry  weather  without  a  drop 
of  rain,  which  is  very  damaging  to  corn,  as 
is  always  needs  rain  at  this  time.  Cotton 
is  also  needing  rain;  the  hay  crop  is  good. 
Ilallettsville,  Tex.  v.  w.  s. 

Light  rain  .Tune  17 ;  corn  is  doing  well 
and  is  clear  of  weeds.  Clover  hay  is  being 
cut.  oats  turning;  meadows  will  be  only 
one-half  crop.  It  has  been  dry  and  hot  up 
to  to-day  (.Tune  17)  ;  there  will  be  only 
light  crop  of  Winter  apples;  only  a  few 
pears  escaped  the  frost.  This  is  quite  a 
sheep  section.  M-  s- 

Brashear,  Mo. 

Both  the  sweet  and  sour  cherry  crop  in 
Manistee  County  will  be  nearly  a  total 
failure.  The  Winter  apples  will  not  be  over 
one-third  of  a  crop.  The  Fall  apples,  such 
as  Duchess  and  Wealthy,  will  be  a  full 
crop  in  many  of  the  orchards.  The  peach 
crop  will  be  good,  as  well  as  the  raspber¬ 
ries.  E.  V.  A. 

Manistee,  County,  Mich. 

I  am  glad  to  report  that  the  present  pros¬ 
pects  for  fruit  in  this  locality  are  very 
good,  although  somewhat  less  than  bloom 
promised.  Owing  to  the  large  number  of 
trees  that  are  coming  into  bearing,  this 
County  will  probably  have  much  the  largest 
apple  crop  it  has  ever  seen.  Peaches  are 
rather  light,  plums  a  good  crop,  and  cher¬ 
ries  about  half  a  crop.  c.  J.  t. 

Adams  Co.,  Pa. 

The  prospect  for  apples  is  very  good  for 
all  varieties,  except  Baldwins,  which  are 
very  light,  and  when  we  remember  that 
Baldwins  constitute  three-fourths  of  the 
trees  in  bearing  in  Western  New  York  it 
does  not  mean  an  average  crop.  Poaches 
light  throughout  this  ridge  section  eight  to 
10  miles  from  the  lake,  but  nearer  the  lake 
a  good  crop.  Small  fruit  an  average  crop. 
Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y.  s.  w.  w. 

Conditions  in  Michigan  are  promising. 
I  have  been  the  whole  length  of  the  eastern 
part  of  the  State,  and  crops  are  good. 
Wheat  fine,  hay  fair,  oats  good,  corn  com- 
ing  and  potatoes  looking  good.  Copper  and 
iron  are  low  and  the  upper  _  peninsula  is 
not  as  prosperous ;  still,  there  is  much  pros¬ 
perity  there.  Eventually  farming  will  be 
quite  an  industry  up  there.  Good  hay,  oats 
and  potatoes  are  grown  and  fine  prices  re¬ 
ceived.  c-  R- 

Drought  broken  here  by  local  showers,  hut 
not  in  time  to  save  oats,  Timothy  or  clover. 
These  are  all  failures.  Early  potatoes  also 
are  cut  short.  Wheat  harvest  now  on;  crop 
good.  Corn  small,  hut  clean  and  well  cul¬ 
tivated.  Fruit  abundant.  Cherry  crop 
breaks  records ;  now  picking  red  raspber¬ 
ries,  currants  and  Early  Harvest  blackber¬ 
ries.  Pears,  apples  and  plums  full  to  over¬ 
bearing.  Farmers  inquiring  what  to  do  in 
order  to  meet  loss  of  hay  and  oats ;  young 
clover  entirely  killed  out.  Alfalfa  seems 
to  stand  drought  well ;  a  neighbor  just  fin¬ 
ished  cutting  an  eight-yea r-old  tract  in  Al¬ 
falfa  and  got  two  tons  to  the  acre.  Stock 
conditions  normal ;  horses  in  good  demand. 
We  are  waiting  patiently  to  see  what  will 
be  done  on  reciprocity.  Farmers  here  are 
“waking  up";  something  is  going  to  fall. 

Carroll  Co.,  Ind.  J.  h.  h. 


rse 


THE  RUKAb  NEW'YORKKR 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

IMMORTAL. 

How  living  arc  the  dead ! 

Enshrined,  but  not  apart, 

How  safe  within  the  heart 
We  hold  them  still — our  dead, 

Whatever  else  be  fled ! 

Our  constancy  is  deep 
Toward  those  who  lie  asleep, 

Forgetful  of  the  strain  and  mortal  strife 
That  are  so  large  a  part  of  this  our  earthly 
life. 

They  are  our  very  own : 

From  them — from  them  alone. 

Nothing  can  us  estrange — 

Nor  blight  autumnal,  no ;  nor  wintry 
change ! 


The  midnight  moments  keep 
A  place  for  them ;  and  though  we  wake  to 
weep, 

They  are  beside  us;  still,  in  joy  in  pain — 
In  every  crucial  hour,  they  come  again, 
Angelic  from  above — 

Bearing  the  gifts  of  blessing  and  of  love — 
Until  the  shadowy  path  they  lonely  trod 
Becomes  for  us  a  bridge  that  upward 
leads  to  God. 

— Florence  Earle  Coates  in  Harper’s  Maga¬ 
zine. 

* 

Talcum  powder  strongly  perfumed 
with  citronella  is  offered  as  a  mosquito 
repellant.  It  is  more  agreeable  to  ap¬ 
ply  than  the  oil  of  citronella  commonly 
used,  and  is  said  by  those  using  it  to 
keep  the  irritating  culex  at  bay. 

* 


the  muck  rake  who  was  so  busy  with  the 
rubbish  he  collected  that  he  could  not 
lift  his  eyes  to  view  the  glories  of  the 
heavenly  city. 

* 

Anyone  who  has  read  “Swiss  Family 
Robinson,”  that  delightful  old  book 
which  makes  every  youthful  reader  long 
for  a  prolonged  picnic  on  some  semi- 
tropical  island,  will  remember  the  experi¬ 
ments  with  cassava  root — how  the  intel¬ 
ligent  father  grated  it,  pressed  out  the 
poisonous  juice,  baked  it  upon  an  iron 
plate,  and  fed  a  trial  cake  to  the  family 
hen,  to  prove  its  innocuousness.  It 
sounded  so  delicious  that  we  have 
longed  for  cassava  cakes  ever  since,  but 
we  were  very  much  surprised  to  find  the 
product  on  sale  in  a  high-class  New 
York  grocery.  The  thin  wafer-like  cakes 
are  very  white,  browned  on  one  side 
only;  they  look  as  though  made  after  the 
Swiss  Family  Robinson  model.  The 
flavor  is  mild,  starchy,  somewhat  potato¬ 
like,  but  said  to  be  pleasant  whgn  the 
cakes  are  toasted  and  buttered.  These 
cakes  are  imported  from  the  West  Indies, 
In  addition  to  its  commercial  value,  as  the 
source  of  tapioca,  and  as  a  forage  crop, 
the  Manihot  shrub,  from  whose  roots 
cassava  is  made,  supplies  daily  bread  for 
many  parts  of  the  world  where  our  ce¬ 
real  grain  are  little  used  for  this  pur¬ 
pose.  Along  the  Amazon  in  the  interior 
of  Brazil  cassava  forms  the  staple  farin- 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  patterns  and  measurements 
desired. 

The  first  group  shows  the  following 
infants’  patterns:  6186,  infant’s  long 


aceous  food,  being  usually  in  the  form  of 
Here  is  an  Italian  reape  for  a  com-  flakes>  somewha,  ,ike  rcady.cooked 

breakfast  foods.  While  cassava  is  very 
pleasant  as  a  novelty,  we  are  assured  by 
one  who  has  tried  it  that  a  prolonged  diet 
of  cassava  and  turtle  meat  in  a  district 
where  salt  is  not  only  a  luxury,  but  is 
quickly  resolved  into  a  brine,  because  of 
the  humid  heat,  soon  becomes  insuffer¬ 
ably  monotonous ;  however,  few  among 
us  will  be  obliged  to  test  cassava  cakes 
under  such  conditions. 


pote  of  melon :  Prepare  a  thick  syrup 
out  of  one  pound  of  sugar,  the  juice  of 
five  lemons  and  one  pint  of  raspberry 
juice.  Peel  and  quarter  two  sound  can¬ 
taloupes,  stew  in  syrup  until  tender,  take 
out  and  arrange  in  your  compote  dish, 
and  strain  the  remaining  syrup.  This  is 
delicious.  The  Italians  serve  it  with 
lemon  ice,  a  spoonful  of  the  ice  being 
laid  on  each  piece  of  melon. 

* 

When#  green  apples  come  in  try  ap¬ 
ple  tarts  with  cocoanut.  Line  little  pat¬ 
ty  pans  with  rich  pie  crust,  fill  with 
sweetened  apple  sauce,  and  then  scatter 
a  liberal  quantity  of  fresh  grated  co¬ 
coanut  on  the  top.  Bake  10  or  15  min¬ 
utes,  taking  care  that  the  cocoanut  does 
not  burn;  it  should  be  light  brown.  If 
you  have  some  grated  cocoanut  left 
after  making  a  cake  or  pie,  put  it  on  an 
earthen  pie  plate,  scatter  a  little  sugar 
over  it,  and  set  in  the  oven  with  the 
door  ajar,  where  it  will  dry  slowly.  It 
will  keep  for  some  time  if  sealed  up. 
Shredded  fresh  cocoanut  browned  in  the 
oven  may  be  scattered  over  a  pie  in 
place  of  a  meringue. 

* 

A  story  in  one  of  the  current  magazines 
tells  of  a  wealthy  but  uncultivated 
American  who  was  purchasing  a  quan¬ 
tity  of  the  most  elaborate  feminine 
finery  he  could  find  in  Paris.  It  was 
explained,  with  some  pathos,  that  he 
had  long  been  poor  and  struggling. 
Through  all  the  years  of  poverty  his 
wife  had  toiled  to  aid  him.  So  great 
had  been  her  privations  that  when  wealth 
came  she  was  unable  to  realize  it — she 
still  scrubbed  floors,  bent  over  wash- 
tub  and  cook  stove,  and  denied  herself 
all  but  the  bare  necessities.  Poverty 
had  become  a  monomania,  while  her  hus¬ 
band  tried  to  surround  her  with  luxury 
to  make  her  understand  her  ordeal  of 
penury  was  over, 
the  story,  and  yet  it  was  irritating. 
There  are  without  doubt  women  who 
will  read  these  lines,  who  have  passed 
through  all  the  harassing  toil  described 
in  the  story,  who  have  borne  grinding 
poverty  and  hardship,  yet  kept  through 
it  all  the  divine  spark  that  makes  such 
hardships  the  means  to  an  end,  and  not 
the  end  itself.  Such  women  look  be¬ 
yond  the  daily  toil,  and  think  unselfishly 
of  future  happiness  and  greater  comfort 
to  be  won  by  it.  The  poor  creature  in 
in  the  story  was  like  Bunyan’s  man  with 


Savory  Meat  Dishes. 

Braised  Lamb’s  Tongues.— Wash  and 
trim  six  fresh  lambs’  tongues;  cover 
with  boiling  salted  water  and  simmer 
for  two  hours;  let  stand  until  cool 
enough  to  handle,  skin  and  cut  away  the 
roots  of  the  tongues ;  in  a  saucepan 
put  one  tablespoonful  of  butter  and  two 
tablespoonfuls  of  flour;  when  melted 
add  one  and  a  half  cupfuls  of  the  liquor 
in  which  the  tongues  were  boiled  and 
an  equal  quantity  of  strained  tomatoes; 
stir  until  thickened,  add  one  bay  leaf, 
four  cloves,  one  blade  of  mace,  two 
sprigs  of  parsley,  one-half  of  an  onion 
and  a  tcaspoonful  of  salt,  a  saltspoonful 
of  pepper;  put  the  tongues  in  a  heavy 
dish  having  a  tightly  fitting  cover,  add 
the  sauce  and  bake  in  a  very  moderate 
over  for  two  hours  longer.  Serve  with 
the  sauce  strained  over  them. 

Old-fashioned  Meat  Pie— One  and 
one-half  pounds  of  tender  round  steak 
in  thick  slices ;  cut  in  small  squares. 
Heat  skillet  or  iron  fry  pan  and  in  it 
brown  three  tablespoonfuls  butter.  Now 
add  meat  and  fry  until  tender.  Peel 
and  slice  three  large  onions,  add  to  meat 
and  cook  until  brown.  Then  fill  skillet 
nearly  full  of  boiling  water  and  add  six 
potatoes  which  have  been  peeled  and 
sliced  fine.  Season  with  salt,  a  dash 
each  of  celery  salt  and  paprika.  Cook  all 
until  tender.  Skim  out,  then  make  gravy 
by  thickening  remaining  liquid  with  two 
tablespoonfuls  flour.  Line  a  baking  dish 
with  a  rich  biscuit  dough,  place  meat 
and  vegetables  in  and  pour  over  gravy, 
put  top  crust  on  and  bake  one-half  to 
three-quarters  of  an  hour  in  rather  quick 
oven. 

Pressed  Cold  Lamb. — Take  the  rem- 
There  was  pathos  in  nants  of  cold  roasted  lamb  and  place  in 

a  kettle  with  a  few  sprigs  of  parsley, 
half  a  teaspoonful  of  celery  salt,  a  dash 
of  paprika,  one  sprig  of  mint,  one  onion 
browned  in  butter ;  cover  with  hot  water 
and  simmer  until  thoroughly  heated 
through  ;  then  drain  out  the  parsley  and 
onion  and  put  meat  into  a  basin ;  to  the 
hot  liquid  add  one  tablespoonful  of  to¬ 
mato  catsup  and  add  to  each  half  pint 
of  the  liquor  one-half  tablespoonful  of 
gelatin,  softened  in  a  little  cold  water; 
stir  until  dissolved,  then  turn  over  the 
meat,  press  down  with  a  plate  and 
weight,  set  in  cool  place  to  become  thor¬ 
oughly  chilled.  When  ready  to  serve  dip 
into  hot  water  an  instant  and  invert  on 
a  dish. 


coat,  one  size.  To  be  made  with  or  with¬ 
out  cape.  4 Yz  yards  of  material  21  or  24 
inches  wide,  214  yards  44,  2J4  yards  52, 
5  yards  of  edging  yards  of  banding. 
6408,  infant’s  dress,  one  size,  to  be  made 
with  short  or  long  sleeves  with  or  with¬ 
out  frill.  3$4  yards  of  material  27  inches 
wide,  2^4  yards  32,  2$4  yards  44,  3  yards 
of  wide  embroidery  4  yards  of  banding, 
3|4  yards  of  narrow  edging.  6228,  in¬ 
fant’s  long  and  short  one-piece  kimono, 
one  size.  2*4  yards  of  material  24  inches 
wide,  254  yards  27,  l-)4  yards  36  or  44, 
yards  of  banding  for  long  kimono,  Y \ 
yard  any  width  for  short  kimono.  6176, 
infant’s  wrapper,  one  size,  with  or  with¬ 
out  rolled-over  cuffs.  2%  yards  of  ma¬ 
terial  27,  1}4  yards  32  or  44  inches  wide. 
6217,  infant’s  slip  closing  in  back  to  any 
desired  depth  ;  one  size,  with  three-quar¬ 
ter  or  long  sleeves.  2%  yards  of  ma¬ 
terial  24  inches  wide,  or  27  inches  wide, 
2J4  yards  36,  2  yards  44,  1%  yards  of  ruf¬ 
fling.  Price  of  each  pattern  10  cents. 
These  patterns  come  separate,  but  if  de¬ 
sired  we  can  supply  infant’s  wardrobe, 
including  16  patterns,  for  40  cents.  This 
is  for  first  long  clothes.  For  baby’s  short 
outfit  we  can  furnish  seven  patterns  for 
30  cents. 

The  second  group  includes  7020,  coat 
with  side-portions  and  sleeves  in  one.  34 


July  1, 

Clever  designs 
worked  out  in  beau¬ 
tiful  color  combina- 
tions  and  plain 
effects  in  black,  white 
and  all  the  rich  and 
subdued  tints,  make 
iSerpentineCrepe  the 
•prevailing  fashion 
with  women  of  fine 
taste  in  dress.  No 
other  cotton  cr6pe 
makes  up  into  such  fas¬ 
cinating  house  gowns, 
kimonos,  dressing 
wraps,  wrappers,  shirt¬ 
waists, Spring  and  Sum¬ 
mer  costumes.  No  other 
cotton  crgpe  has  the  per¬ 
manent,  unstretchable 
crinkle,  norsuch  artistic 
patterns  in  such  a  pro¬ 
fusion  of  exquisite 
colors.  No  ironing;  sim¬ 
ply  wash,  dry  and  shake 
it  out  —  greatly  lightens 
household  cares  I 
The  highest  quality  is 
\\  guaranteed  by  r. 
this  Pacific  Mill's  M'i 
trade  markessi 
on  every  piece  of 
„  the  genuine  Serpentine 

Crepe.  If  your  dealer  does  not  carry  the  genuine 
trade  marked  Serpentine  Crepe,  write  us  for  free 
samples  and  list  of  dealers  who  will  supply  you. 

PACIFIC  MILLS  -  BOSTON,  MASS. 

UNDERFEED  Investment 

Save  I/2  to  ^3  of  Coal  Bills 

'T'HE  most  sensible  thing  to  do  in  summer  Is  to 
-*•  get  rid  of  old,  unsatisfactory  heating  sys¬ 
tems  and  install  one  that  will  not  only  pay  for 
itself  but  add  to  the  renting  or  selling'  v alu©  of 
any  building. 

PECK-  WILLIAMSON 

underfeed™ 

Warm  Air  Furnaces-Hot  Water  or  Steam  Boilers 

insure  clean,  even  heat  at  feast  cost,  because  the/  burn  cheapest 
slack  and  pea  or  buck  wheat  sizes  of  hard  and  soft  coal,  which  would 
zmothc?  lire  in  ordinary  heating  plants.  Consume  smoke. 

H.  J.  Hanizan,  301  Hazlett  Ave.,  Canton,  Ohio,  writes:  11 Have 
oted  an  Underfeed  five  years.  Best  furnace  1  ever  heard  of.  Civet 
*v*n  temP*'oture  at  all  times.  We  have  June  weather  in  our  home 
ell  winter  at  coal  cost  that  has  never  exceeded  $14  for  heating  eight 
rooms  all  season. 

Heating  plans  of  our  Engineering  Corps  arc  FREE.  Fill  in  the 
-  u  low  and  return  TODAY  for  F - 


coupon  below  and  return  TODA 
fac-similc  testimonials. 


FREE  booklets  and 


-WILLIAMSON  CO. 


THE 
PECK 

I  would  like  to  know  more  about  how  to  cut  down  the  cost  of 
my  coal  bills  from  So*  to66*W  Send  me-FREE 

,  Furnace  Booklet 


UNDERFEED 

Name  — _ 

Address _ 


Boiler  Booklet.. 


(Indicate  by  X  Rook* 
let  you  deairS) 


.  Name  of  your  dealer. 


DAISY  FLY  KILLER 


placed  anywhere,  at- 
tracts  and  kills  all 
flies.  Neat,  clean, 
ornamental,  conven¬ 
ient, cheap.  Lasts  all 
season.  Can’t  spill  or 
tip  over,  will  not  soil 
or  injure  anything. 
Guaranteed  effect¬ 
ive.  Of  all  dealers  01 
sent  prepaid  for  20c. 
II AHOLD  BOM ERS 
150  I)e  Kalb  Ave. 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


MAKE 


WATER  PUMP  ITSELF 

Have  “running  water  when  and  where  you 
want  it.  ”  No  expense  for  power ;  no  trouble ; 
no  repairs.  Pumped  from  stream,  pond  or 
spring.  Entire  satisfaction  assured  with  every 

FOSTER  R  RAM 

Install  it  yourself  at  low 
cost.  No  attention  or  ex- 

_ I  pense  to  maintain.  Book 

of  helpful  suggestions  Free. 
POWER  SPECIALTY  CO. 
***  Broadway,  New  York 


to  42  bust.  7016,  blouse  with  peasant 
sleeves,  34  to  40  bust.  7023,  semi-princess 
dress,  34  to  42  bust.  7012,  two-flounce 
skirt  for  misses  and  small  women,  14,  16 
and  18  years.  7031,  boy’s  suit,  2,  4  and  6 
years.  Price  of  each  10  cents. 


Velvet  Cream. — Soak  one-quarter  box 
gelatine  in  one  pint  of  milk  10  minutes, 
heat  over  the  fire  slowly,  add  yolks  of 
two  eggs,  one-half  cup  of  sugar;  cook 
till  thin  custard.  Remove  from  fire,  add 
the  beaten  whites  of  eggs  and  flavor 
with  lemon.  Pour  in  a  mould  that  has 
been  wetted  with  cold  water.  Set  away 
to  harden ;  eat  with  sweetened  cream. 

MRS.  G. 


LIGHTNING 


Send  for  fine,  free  book,  all  about  lightning  and  the 
Jfodd  System  of  protection.  Installed  with  binding 
guarantee  of  money  refunded  or  damage  made  good. 
The  standard  everywhere.  2000  insurance  companies 
endorse  and  reduce  rates  on  I)-S  rodded  buildings.  Act 
now.  Tomorrow  may  be  too  late.  Address 

DODD  &  STRUTHERS,  '437  6th  Ave.,  Des  Moines,  la. 


Monarch 


Hydraulic 

Cider  Press 


Net  owners  25  i  to  100# 
investment  per  year 
Ask  for  Free  Cat¬ 
alog  and  "Good 
Tip’’  booklet  tell¬ 
ing  how. 

Monarch  Machinery  Co,,  C09  Hudson  Terminal,  New  York* 

'pHE  FARMERS’  NATIONAL  BANK  of  Union 
City,  Michigan,  located  at  Union  City,  in  the 
State  of  Michigan,  is  closing  its  affairs.  All  note 
holders  and  other  creditors  of  the  association  are 
therefore  hereby  notified  to  present  the  notes  and 
other  claims  for  payment.  nTrrrr  T> 

Dated  April  28,  1911.  D.  D.  BUELL,  Prest. 


DO  YOU  NEED  FARM  HELP? 

The  Jewish  Agricultural  and  Industrial  Aid 
Society  has  on  its  lists  men  wishing  to  obtain  em¬ 
ployment  upon  farms.  Most  of  them  are  without 
experience,  but  they  are  able-bodied  and  willing 
to  work.  They  speak  little  or  noEnglisli, although 
many  of  them  speak  German.  If  you  can  make 
use  of  such  help,  please  communicate  with  us, 
stating  what  you  will  pay,  whether  the  work  Is 
permanent,  and  whether  you  prefer  a  single  or  a 
married  man.  We  are  a  philanthropic  organiza¬ 
tion.  whose  object  it  is  to  assist  and  encourage 
Jews  to  become  farmers.  We  charge  no  commis¬ 
sion  to  employer  or  employee.  Address 
THE  J.  A.  &  I.  A.  S.,  174  Second  Avenue,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


1911. 


THK  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


727 


Graham  Flour  in  Disguise, 

“But,  doctor,  my  family  simply  will 
not  eat  graham,”  declared  the  little 
mother,  in  response  to  the  oft-heard 
warning  against  the  use  of  too  much 
fine  flour. 

“Why?  Don’t  they  like  it,  or  do  they 
think  they  don’t  like  it?”  asked  the 
doctor  pointedly.  Then  in  answer  to  her 
questioning  look :  “Oh,  yes,  there  is  quite 
a  difference.  Man}’-  people  refuse  certain 
articles  of  diet,  not  from  any  real  dis¬ 
like  of  the  dish  itself,  hut  because  they 
have  unconsciously  acquired  a  prejudice 
against  it.  Delicate  children,  and  even 
grown-ups  of  a  nervous  (and  therefore 
notional)  tendency,  are  very  easily 
offended  in  the  matter  of  appetite.  Some¬ 
times,  too,  it  is  the  innate  contrariness 
of  human  nature  which  prompts  them 
to  refuse  anything  which  is  offered  be¬ 
cause  ‘it  is  good  for  them,’  when  the 
same  article  would  be  eaten  with  relish 
if  presented  solely  on  its  own  merits.” 

Being  a  wise  woman,  Mrs.  H.  did  not 
argue  with  the  doctor.  In  fact,  his 
theory  was  not  new  to  her,  she  having 
had  a  suspicion  that  only  a  whim  was 
responsible  for  her  family’s  distaste  for 
graham  flour.  The  doctor’s  words  car¬ 
ried  weight,  however,  and  made  her 
realize  the  importance  of  preparing 
graham  in  such  a  manner  that  they 
would  lose  their  prejudice  for  it. 
Wherever  possible  to  substitute  graham 
for  the  finer  flours  in  any  dish,  she  would 
do  so ;  giving  the  article  another  name  if 
necessary  to  pique  curiosity. 

When  the  family  appeared  at  the  table 
one  morning  they  found  a  new  break¬ 
fast  dish  awaiting  them.  A  sprinkling 
of  chopped  dates  through  a  well-cooked 
cereal,  topped  by  rich  milk  and  sugar, 
tempted  them  to  taste,  when  the  novelty 
and  delicacy  of  flavor  caused  them  to 
finish  it.  “What  is  it,  Mama?”  clamored 
the  children,  and  Mrs.  H.  answered 
smilingly: 

Brownie  Cereal — To  make  it  sift 
graham  meal  slowly  into  one  pint  of 
boiling,  salted  water,  stirring  briskly  un¬ 
til  it  is  as  thick  as  can  be  stirred  with 
one  hand.  Set  back  on  stove  and  allow 
to  steam  and  cook  slowly  for  at  least 
an  hour.  Sprinkle  chopped  dates 
through  just  before  serving,  and  when 
steamed  through  eat  with  cream  and 
sugar.  With  the  cereal  was  served  a 
sort  of  wafer,  which,  when  spread  with 
orange  marmalade,  was  pronounced  de¬ 
licious.  This  sweet  entirely  satisfied  both 
children  and  adults,  taking  the  place  of 
the  less  easily  digested  fried  cakes. 

Brownie  Crisps— These  were  made 
with  one  quart  of  graham  flour,  one 
tablespoonful  sugar,  one-half  teaspoon¬ 
ful  salt,  the  same  of  baking  powder,  two 
tablespoonfuls  of  butter  and  a  little  more 
than  half  a  pint  of  milk.  Mix  into 
smooth  dough  and  knead  well  five 
minutes,  roll  out  one-fourth  inch  thick, 
cut  in  rounds (  or  squares  if  desired) 
and  bake  until  a  golden  brown. 

For  breakfast  on  other  mornings  they 
found  sometimes  griddle  cakes  of  a  new 
and  tempting  quality,  and  sometimes 
puffy  gems  or  muffins,  which  Mrs.  H. 
called — 

Golden  Puffs — One  and  one-half  pint 
of  graham  flour,  one  teaspoonful  salt, 
two  large  teaspoonfuls  baking  powder. 
Sift  all  together,  add  two  well-beaten 
eggs,  and  with  one  pint  of  milk  mix 
into  a  smooth  batter.  Half  fill  gem 
pans,  well  buttered,  and  bake  in  a  quick 
oven  ten  minutes. 

Good  Times  Griddle  Cakes — Sift  to¬ 
gether  one  pint  graham  our,  one-half 
pint  fine  cornmeal,  one-half  pint  white 
flour,  one-half  teaspoonful  salt,  one 
tablespoonful  sugar,  and  three  teaspoon¬ 
fuls  baking  powder.  Mix  in  a  smooth 
batter  with  one-half  pint  each  of  milk 
and  water,  and  the  yolks  of  two  eggs. 
Beat  until  very  light ;  add  the  stiffly 
beaten  whites  and  fry. 

A  particularly  savory  fruit  cake,  which 
now  made  its  appearance  frequently  on 
their  table,  was  enthusiastically  re¬ 
ceived. 

Dyspeptics’  Fruit  Cake — Sift  together 
three  cups  of  previously  sifted  graham 
flour,  two  cups  white  flour,  one  teaspoon¬ 
ful  each  of  clove,  allspice,  soda  and  salt, 
and  two  teaspoonfuls  cinnamon.  To  two 
cups  sugar  add  one  cup  of  molasses  and 
two  cups  of  milk  alternately  with  the 
flour  mixture.  Beat  thoroughly  and  add 
three  cups  of  seeded  raisins  and  citron, 
both  slightly  floured.  Bake  in  moderate 
oven  for  one  hour. 

For  the  children’s  supper  there  was 
frequently  hot  biscuits,  which,  with  pure 
honey,  were  very  much  enjoyed. 

Brownie  Biscuits — Into  one  pint  of 
water  and  milk,  mixed,  dissolve  one 
large  tablespoonful  of  butter,  two  table¬ 
spoonfuls  sugar,  a  cake  of  compressed 
yeast  and  a  pinch  of  salt.  Beat  into 
this  white  flour  to  make  it  the  con¬ 
sistency  of  batter  cakes;  add  as  much 


Never  sold 
in  balk 


In  the  moisture-proof 
package 


NATIONAL  BISCUIT  COMPANY 


graham  flour  as  can  be  stirred  with  a 
spoon,  and  set  away  for  10  or  12  hours. 
When  wanted  take  a  lump  of  dough  the 
size  of  an  egg  and  roll  lightly  between 
the  hands ;  lay  in  a  greased  pan,  let 
rise  20  minutes  and  bake  in  a  hot  oven. 

Fruit  wafers  also  became  great 
favorites  with  adults  as  well  as  children. 
Knead  thoroughly  one  cup  of  cold,  sweet 
cream  into  three  cups  of  graham  flour. 
Divide  in  two  portions.  Roll  each  quite 
thin ;  spread  one  thickly  with  chopped 
figs  and  raisins,  put  the  other  on  top 
and  press  together  with  the  rolling  pin. 
Cut  into  squares  and  bake. 

Suet  pudding  was  a  favorite,  and  the 
following  was  much  enjoyed.  The  fact 
that  it  had  not  a  morsel  of  suet  in  it 
had  much  to  do  with  the  frequency  of 
its  serving,  but  did  not  interfere  with  the 
enjoyment  of  the  dish : 

Twentieth  Century  Pudding — One  pint 
graham  flour,  one-half  pint  sweet  milk, 
one  pint  molasses,  one-half  pound  seed¬ 
ed  and  chopped  raisins,  one-third  pound 
of  nut  meats,  also  chopped,  one  tea¬ 
spoonful  each  of  salt  and  soda  and  one 
teaspoonful  of  baking  powder;  spices  if 
desired.  Mix  smoothly  and  steam  in  a 
closely  covered  mould  for  four  hours. 
Serve  with  jelly  sauce. 

A  number  of  fancy  breads  were  tried 
next. 

Prune  Loaf — One  cup  cornmeal,  scald¬ 
ed  with  sufficient  hot  water  to  moisten 
well.  When  cool,  add  one  cup  sour 
milk,  one-half  cup  cooking  molasses  and 
one  teaspoonful  salt.  Sift  one  teaspoon¬ 
ful  soda  in  two  cups  of  graham  flour 
and  stir  in,  along  with  one  cupful  of 
dried  prunes,  which  have  been  soaked, 
pitted  and  chopped  fine  (Raisins  may  be 
used  to  lend  variety.)  This  was  steamed 
in  covered  baking-powder  cans  for  two 
and  one-half  hours,  and  the  round  slices 
were  an  added  attraction. 

Nut  loaf  was  another  favorite.  Four 
cups  graham  flour,  four  tablespoon fuls 
baking  powder,  one  teaspoonful  salt, 
three  tablespoonfuls  sugar,  one  cupful 
of  nut  meats,  broken  not  too  fine,  and 
sweet  milk  to  make  a  stiff  dough  that 
can  be  managed  with  a  spoon.  Let 
rise  from  20  minutes  to  half  an  hour  in 
a  brick  loaf  pan,  covered  with  another 
pan.  Bake,  covered,  for  about  an  hour. 

For  the  children’s  lunch  box  there 
were  dainty  sandwiches  which  tasted 
fully  as  nice  as  they  looked,  which  is 
saying  much. 

Crescent  Sandwiches — Cut  slices  from 
the  prune  loaf  and  spread  with  butter, 
and  sprinkle  lightly  with  chopped  pea¬ 
nuts,  with  occasionally  a  lettuce  leaf 
for  variety.  Press  two  rounds  together, 
then  cut  in  two  with  a  baking-powder 
can.  The  round  edge  cutting  through 
the  round  slices  form  graceful  crescents. 

Diamond  Sandwiches  —  These  were 
made  from  the  nut  loaf,  by  cutting  the 
slices  diamond-wise,  after  spreading  with 
butter  and  chopped  dates. 

Brown  and  white  sandwiches,  made 
from  a  slice  each  of  brown  and  white 
bread,  with  sliced  olives  or  orange 
marmalade  to  give  savor,  were  a  pleas¬ 
ing  variety. 

Toasted  nut  loaf  was  another  nu¬ 
tritious  dish  which  attracted  first  by  its 
novelty.  For  six  slices  of  graham  nut 
loaf  allow  one  pint  of  rich  milk,  with 
butter  and  salt  to  taste.  Toast  the 
bread,  trim  and  butter,  and  arrange  in 
a  covered  dish.  Bring  the  milk  to  a 
scald,  add  butter  and  salt  and  pour  over 
toast.  Cover  and  serve  hot.  From  the 
fancy  breads  it  was  only  a  step  to  the 
more  substantial  raised  loaf  of  graham, 
which,  however,  differed  so  much,  both 
in  appearance  and  flavor  from  the  ordi¬ 
nary  bakers’  loaf,  that  the  family  first 
accepted  it  as  another  experiment,  then 
were  surprised  into  appreciation.  Graham 
flour  now  forms  one  of  the  staple  articles 
of  diet  in  that  household,  which  is  mani¬ 
festly  the  better  for  it. 

MAUDE  E.  S.  HYMERS. 


fruit  trees  for  the  past  three  years.  Some 
of  our  first  planting  are  bending  with 
fruit,  but  what  care  we  have  given  them ! 
Every  wash  day  I  take  the  suds  and  go 
over  the  trees  with  an  old  brush ;  the 
leaves  are  just  as  black  and  glossy  as 
the  bark  is  smooth  and  shiny.  At  the 
present  writing,  June  16,  I  have  pota¬ 
toes,  beets,  peas,  cabbage,  turnips  and  a 
few  beans,  though  the  late  frost  almost 
ruined  the  latter,  and  next  year  I  shall 
not  plant  garden  beans  until  the  latter 
part  of  April,  no  odds  how  favorable  the 
early  season  sets  in.  Our  wild  berries, 
dewberries,  blackberries  and  raspberries, 
were  injured  to  some  extent  by  cold 
weather,  so  we  shall  have  to  can  more 
vegetables  and  apples  than  usual. 

When  fruit  is  scarce  I  save  the  peel¬ 
ings  for  jelly,  and  cut  apples  with  the 
peeling  on  to  make  butter  or  marmalade. 
Cook  tendfcr,  rub  through  a  sieve,  add 
sugar  and  cook.  For  butter  I  add  one 
gallon  of  sugar  to  every  three  gallons  of 
sifted  fruit,  and  cook  four  hours,  stirring 
to  prevent  burning.  We  usually  make 
25  or  more  gallons  of  apple  butter. 

Our  chow  chow,  pickled  peppers,  cab¬ 
bage,  kraut,  etc.,  proved  so  enticing  the 
past  Winter  we  failed  in  having  a  suffi¬ 
cient  supply  to  run  us,  so  this  year  I 
have  made  preparations  to  double  the 
quantity  as  well  as  planted  quite  a  lot 
of  late  cabbage  to  bury.  We  are  planting 
two  acres  of  bunch  beans,  which  will  be 
harvested  as  soon  as  dry  or  ripe,  and 
the  ground  stirred,  harrowed  and  sowed 
in  turnips,  which  will  be  fine  with  fresh 
pork  as  well  as  good  to  fall  back  on  for 
a  change  through  the  Winter  months. 
Cooking  is  a  pleasure  with  a  well  stocked 
larder,  and  I  find  that  if  the  women 
folks  fail  to  plan  out  the  vegetable  sup¬ 
ply  there  is  sometimes  a  shortage  which 
is  rather  troublesome  to  supply  in  the 
Spring.  A  dish  the  whole  family  par¬ 
takes  of  is  cheese,  sometimes  clabber 
cheese,  made  from  sour  milk  which  is 
set  on  back  of  range  until  curd  is  firm, 
then  strained,  cheese  slightly  salted, 
mixed  with  sweet  cream  and  served 
while  fresh.  Another  method  is  to  use 
equal  parts  of  buttermilk,  clabbered  milk 
and  sweet  milk,  mix  and  heat  until  curd 
forms,  strain  dry,  mix  one  tablespoonful 
of  soda  to  cheese  from  six  gallons  of 
milk,  the  same  quantity  of  salt.  Work 
until  smooth  like  wheat  dough  ;  rub  with 
butter  and  press  24  hours.  This  is  es¬ 
pecially  nice  for  the  lunch  basket. 

MRS.  D.  B.  PHILUPS. 


ASK  FOR 


PRINTS 


Simpson-Eddystone 

Black  Shepherd  Plaids 
and  Stripes 

Durable  dress  -  fabrics  are 
the  only  kind  that  “pay  to 
make  up.” 

Smart,  stylish  spring  and 
summer  dresses  can  be  made 
economically  of  these  superior 
calicoes  which  have  received 
the  approval  of  three  genera¬ 
tions  of  women. 

Their  durable  well-woven 
cloth  printed  in  many  beauti¬ 
ful  designs  with  intense  in¬ 
separable  color  have  made 
them  the  standard  cotton 
wash  goods  since  1842, 

Show  this  advertisement  to  your 
dealer  when  you  order,  and  don’t 
accept  substitutes.  If  not  in  your 
dealer’s  stock  write  us  his  name  and 
address.  We’ll  help  him  supply  you. 
The  Eddystone  Mfg.  Co.,  Philad’a 

Founded  1842  by  Wm.SimpsonSr 


Rider  Agents  Wanted 

In  each  town  to  ride  an  exhibit  sample  1911  bicy. 
cle.  Write  /or  special  offer. 

Finest  Guaranteed  1  &97 

1911  Models 

with  Coaster* Brakes  and  Puncture-Proof  tires. 

1909  &  1910  Models  C7  <C«9 
all  of  best  makes....  V  K dC 

IOO  Second  -  Hand  Wheels 

All  makes  and  models,  0 «  A 0 
good  as  new .  to  %p<f 

Great  FACTORY  CLEARING  SALE 
We  Ship  on  Approval -without  a 
[cent  deposit,  pay  the  freight,  and  allow 

10  day's  free  trial . 

TIRES,  coaster  brake  rear  wheels,  lamps, 
sundries,  parts  and  repairs  for  all  makes  of  bicycles  at 
'half  usual  prices.  DO  NOT  BUY  until  you  get  our 
catalogues  and  offer.  Write  now. 

MEAD  CYCLE  CO.  Dept.  B80  CHICAGO 


FUMA 


99.  hills  Prairie  Dogs, 
Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
and  Grain  Insects. 
“The  wheels  of  tho  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

ewiu!  “Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  are  doing. 

EDWARD  K.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. 


Home  Notes  From  Tennessee. 

For  fear  you  think  I  do  not  know 
what  work  is  I  will  give  just  a  few  of 
one  week’s  items  which  daughter  and 
myself  keep  going.  Cooking  for  seven ; 
two  cows  to  milk;  75  chicks  and  52 
turkeys  to  care  for;  large  garden  and 
truck  patch  to  help  tend ;  strawberries, 
cherries,  etc.,  to  pick,  and  a  quantity  to 
put  away  for  Winter  use.  From  one  to 
three  or  more  garments  to  make,  and  on 
an  average  I  paint  three  pairs  of  pillow 
shams  per  week,  as  well  as  going  out  to 
dispose  of  them.  Some  may  think  I  am 
too  craving,  but  you  see  we  have  just 
lately  built.  Means  being  limited  we 
have  been  in  rather  straitened  circum¬ 
stances.  Our  land  is  none  of  the  best, 
and  it  will  require  years  to  bring  it  up 
to  a  productive  point  where  we  can  pro¬ 
duce  enough  of  grain  on  our  own  acres 
for  the  home  supply.  We  have  bought 


728 


July  1, 


THE  RURAL.  NEW-YORKER 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

OVERALLS  FOR  THE  DAIRY  COW. 

Recently  you  made  a  request  for  a  so¬ 
lution  of  the  bedding  problem,  inasmuch 
as  the  high  price  of  straw  was  putting 
it  out  of  the  question.  I  am  enclosing 
you  circular  matter  of  a  device  that  I 
have  had  patented  which  I  want  you  to 
think  over  and  give  me  your  opinion  on. 
I  am  not  after  free  advertising,  but  want 
an  opinion  as  to  feasibility  along  the 
lines  you  recently  suggested. 

As  you  will  observe,  my  device  is  an 
ordinary  stable  blanket,  made  out  of  any 
material  desired  and  procurable,  except 
that  it  is  sectional  and  interchangeable; 
the  main  part  extending  back  to  or  near 
the  hips.  The  parts  covering  the  hind 
quarters  are  interchangeable,  as  clean 
ones  are  kept  in  reserve  for  the  milking 
time,  and  then  changed  back.  The 
saddle  supports  the  coverings  for  the 
hips  and  covering  for  the  udder  is  sus¬ 
pended  as  shown  in  Fig.  261,  page  719. 

My  claims  are :  1.  Any  woman  can 

make  this  blanket  from  little  suggestions 
as  to  measurements.  2.  It  can  be  made 
of  cheap  but  serviceable  material.  3. 
Dressing  the  cow  in  overalls  while  she 
is  in  stable  and  the  substitution  of  a 
clean  pair  while  being  milked  is  the 
nearest  approach  to  absolute  cleanliness 
I  have  been  able  to  think  of.  4.  By  using 
snaps  and  rings  at  points  of  adjustment 
the  changing  suggested  is  quickly  done. 

Let  me  hear  from  you,  as  you  are 
right  in  touch  with  the  men  who  furnish 
the  milk  that  must  stand  inspection. 

Ohio.  s.  k. 

R.  N.-Y. — It  is  true  that  the  bedding 
question  is  a  hard  one  on  some  sanitary 
milk  farms.  Cows  must  be  kept  clean 
and  on  many  such  farms  the  land  is  too 
high-priced  for  growing  straw.  There 
have  been  several  patents  for  devices 
which  are  fastened  to  the  cow  or  to  the 
wall  for  holding  the  droppings,  but  they 
have  not  been  very  successful.  This 
idea  of  putting  overalls  on  the  cow  is 
new  to  many  of  us.  We  invite  criticism 
of  the  scheme  if  you  have  any. 


HIGH  COLOR  IN  GUERNSEY  MILK. 

It  is  true  that  it  is  necessary  to  use 
more  butter  color  when  butter  is  made 
from  Holstein  cream  than  is  necessary 
when  either  Jersey  or  Guernsey  milk  is 
churned.  This  is  one  of  the  reasons 
why  the  Jersey  and  Guernsey  breeds  to¬ 
day  are  invariably  recognized  as  the 
butter  cows,  while  the  Holsteins  and 
Ayrshires  are  granted  the  preference 
with  market  milk  production.  While  on 
the  Island  of  Guernsey  two  years  ago 
I  observed  that  no  butter  color  at  all 
was  used  in  the  churning  of  the  butter. 
It  is  the  correct  and  universal  claim 
of  Guernsey  breeders  that  it  is  not 
necessary  to  use  any  coloring  matter  at 
all  in  the  making  of  butter  from 
Guernsey  cream,  and  furthermore  but¬ 
ter  made  from  Guernsey  cream  was  sell¬ 
ing  in  Great  Britain  at  from  two  to 
five  cents  per  pound  above  that  pro¬ 
duced  by  the  Jerseys,  to  which  a  small 
amount  of  color  had  been  added. 

I  have  always  maintained  that  the 
color  of  the  milk  of  the  Jerseys  and 
particularly  the  Guernseys  is  of  great 
importance  from  a  standpoint  of  market 
milk  production,  for  color  counts  a 
great  deal  with  milk  customers,  and  it 
is  quite  true  at  the  College  Farm  that 
our  customers  prefer  Guernsey  milk  for 
its  color  to  Holstein  milk  without  color, 
even  though  the  Holstein  milk  is  modi¬ 
fied  so  as  to  contain  a  larger  percentage 
of  butter  fat,  or  in  other  words  our 
customers  would  make  less  complaint 
if  we  would  give  them  per  cent 
Guernsey  milk  than  should  we  supply 
them  with  four  per  cent  Holstein  milk. 
From  a  butter-making  standpoint  I  do 
not  think  the  matter  of  color  is  so  im¬ 


portant,  for  the  relatively  small  amount 
of  coloring  matter  necessary  to  give  the 
butter  produced  from  Holstein  cream 
the  proper  color  as  demanded  by  the 
customers,  certainly  does  not  injure  the 
quality  of  the  cream  or  butter.  There 
is,  however,  additional  advantage  in 
Jersey  or  Guernsey  cream  for  churning 
purposes,  since  the  fat  globules  are 
larger,  thus  enabling  the  cream  to  ripen 
easier  and  the  butter  to  come  more 
quickly.  It  is  common  knowledge  that 
the  Jersey  or  Guernsey  milk  is  better 
adapted  for  the  making  of  butter,  while 
Holstein  and  Ayrshire  milk  is  prefer¬ 
able  for  market  milk  purposes,  when 
the  market  pays  so  much  quart  for 
quart  regardless  of  color.  It  is  our  prac¬ 
tice  at  the  College  Farm  to  mix  the  milk 
of  these  four  breeds,  and  put  on  the 
market  four  per  cent  milk  possessed  of 
good  color,  and  we  have  very  few  com¬ 
plaints  from  our  customers. 

F.  C.  MINKEER. 

New  Jersey  Exp.  Station. 


MILK. 

The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.31 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  2%  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


A  New  England  reader  states  that  on 
June  5  he  notified  the  Boston  Dairy  Co. 
that  on  and  after  June  15  he  should  discon¬ 
tinue  sending  milk  .  to  their  car.  This 
brought  out  the  following  letter : 

“In  reply  to  your  letter  would  say  that 
we  do  not  care  to  buy  your  milk,  after  re¬ 
ceipt  of  this  letter  unless  you  wish  to  sell 
it  until  October  1st. 

“When  we  began  to  buy  your  milk,  May 
1st,  we  understood  it  was  for  six  months. 
If  you  do  not  send  until  October  1st  we  will 
not  pay  more  than  butter  prices  as  that  is 
all  that  it  is  worth  to  us,  as  in  the  Spring 
we  have  a  surplus  of  milk.  Very  truly  yours, 

“BOSTON  DAISY  CO.” 

The  farmer  has  sold  milk  to  this  com¬ 
pany  for  a  number  of  years,  but  never 
signed  a  contract  with  them.  The  shippers 
at  the  local  station  sent  a  man  to  Boston  in 
April  to  see  about  prices,  etc.  This  agent 
brought  back  the  following  statement : 

“I  beg  to  inform  you  that  the  price  of 
April  milk  will  be  seven  cents  less  than  the 
graded  price  for  that  month  agreed  between 
the  Milk  Producers’  Co.  and  this  company 
at  the  time  of  the  settlement  of  the  strike. 
The  price  of  milk  from  May  1  has  not  been 
established,  but  we  do  not  favor  any  lower 
price  for  that  month  than  we  offered  to  pay 
the  producers  on  an  average  from  April  1 
to  October  1,  in  the  Summer  months  of 
1909.  However,  we  cannot  decide  to-day 
upon  any  stated  price,  as  the  rate  for  trans¬ 
portation  is  all  upset.  The  milk  now  is  be¬ 
ing  transported  by  the  single  can.  There  is 
a  hearing  coming  on  May  15  before  the  In¬ 
terstate  Commerce  Commission  to  try  put¬ 
ting  it  on  a  permanent  basis.  Until  such  a 
situation  exists,  it  is  impossible  for  us  to 
make  the  price  of  milk  only  a  month  at  a 
time.  If  the  single  can  rate  should  be 
adopted,  same  as  in  New  York,  entirely  new 
changes  would  have  to  take  place  in  the 
milk  business.  We  believe  that  the  farmers 
would  have  to  furnish  their  own  cans  and 
have  shipping  stations,  same  as  they  do  in 
New  Y'ork.  The  present  single  can  rate 
costs  us  more  than  the  car  rate.  This  will 
also  have  to  be  deducted  from  the  producers. 
We  will  try  and  notify  you  by  Monday, 
May  1,  what  we  will  pay  for  May,  as  we 
can  only  buy  one  month’s  milk  at  a  time. 

“BOSTON  DAIKY  CO.” 

They  made  no  statement  on  May  1  or 
later  as  to  what  they  would  pay.  Several 
shippers  had  a  chance  to  sell  their  milk  to 
better  advantage  and  as  this  company  made 
no  definite  agreement  they  sent  the  milk 
elsewhere  after  due  notification.  Now  our 
reader  wants  to  know  if  he  can  hold  this 
company  to  the  ear  price  for  milk,  or  must 
he  settle  as  they  say  at  butter  prices? 

“The  amount  involved  is  not  large ;  it  is 
the  ‘principle  oj  the  thing  that  makes  me 
mad.” 

We  print  this  as  an  illustration  of  the 
one-sided  game  which  milk  dairymen  are 
often  up  against.  This  company  would  not 
agree  to  make  any  definite  price — not  even 
one  month’s  milk  at  a  time,”  yet  when  the 
farmer  notifies  them  that  he  cannot  supply 
more  milk  under  such  an  indefinite  “con¬ 
tract”  they  refuse  to  pay  the  agreed  price 
for  what  he  has  sent.  They  “can  only  buy 
one  month’s  milk  at  a  time,”  yet  they  claim 
the  farmer  should  continue  sending 'for  six 
months !  That  is  about  the  worst  specimen 
of  a  jug-handled  contract  we  ever  heard. 
That  company  ought  to  be  made  to  pay  the 
stated  price  for  the  milk,  but  we  do  no't  see 
that  their  letters  give  any  legal  liability. 
The  farmer  gets  35  cents  of  the  consumer’s 
dollar  and  then  has  the  cream  skimmed  off 
that  small  share. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


CREAM  SEPARATOR 
USERS 
Finally  Buy 

SHARPLES 

Dairy  Tubulars 

Others  have  tried  disk-filled,  complicated  or 
cheap  cream  separators— and  have  discarded 
them  for  Tubulars.  A  steady  stream  of  such 
machines  reaches  us  daily. 

There  is  the  best  reason  in  the  world  for  this  : 

Dairy  Tubulars  contain  no  disks— have  twice 
the  skimming  force  of  others— skim  faster  and 
twice  as  clean— wear  a  lifetime— are  guaranteed 
forever  by  America’s  oldest  and  world’s  biggest 
separator  concern. 

Mr.  Perry  Faringer, 
Mill  Hall,  Pa.,  says: 
“Have  been  using  Tu¬ 
bular  over  nine  years. 
Has  cost  only  5  cents 
for  repairs.” 

Other  separators  are  still 
built  on  a  prin- 
_  Ciple  we  aban¬ 
doned  over  10  years  ago. 
They  cannot  be  compared  to 
Tubulars.  You  will  finally 
have  a  Tubular— why  not  get 
it  first? 

Don’t  you  send  a  cent  away— 
or  pay  a  cent  for  freight 
— to  try  any  separator. 
You  can  try  the  quality 
separator — The  World’s  Best 
— the  Tubular  — without  in¬ 
vesting  one  penny.  Ask  us 
about  it. 

Other  separators  taken  in 
part  pay¬ 
ment  for 
Tubulars. 


30 

Vrs 


Write  for 
c  a  t  a  1  ogue 
No.  153 


THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO., 

WEST  CHESTER,  PA. 

Chicago,  III.,  Son  Francisco,  CaL,  Portland,  Ore. 
Toronto,  Can.  Winnipeg,  Can. 


Make  It  Yourself 

If  you  have  timber,  save  money 
and  make  money  sawing  for 
others,  with  a  Portable 

American  Saw  Mill 

Simple,  reliable,  little  power 
needed,  no  experience  necessary. 
Catalog  free.  Also  describes  wood¬ 
working  machinery  of  all  kinds. 

AMERICAN  SAW  MILL  MACH’Y  CO. 

129  Hope  St.,  Hackettstown.N.J. 
1583  Terminal  Bldgs.,  New  York 


80  lbs.  More  Milk 

IN  3  DAYS 

Resulted  from  using  “Will-Kill-Flies’’ 
on  twenty-two  cows— kept  them  free  from 
flies  and  increased  milk  flow  80  lbs.  in  3  days. 

WILL-KILL-FLIES 

*  the  most  effective  liquid  spraying  preparation  and 
perfect  disinfectant,  kills  flics  and  all  insect  pests  1 
that  annoy  your  stock  and  poultry— that  means  more 
millv more  eggs,  healthy,  contented  cattle. 

Free  Test  at  our  Expense 

We’ll  Bend  you,  express  prepaid  east  of  Rocky 
Mountains,  1  gallon  of  “Will-Ki  11-Flies”  and  a 
sprayer,  on  receipt  of  $2.00  and  dealer’s  name, 
kli  it  doesn’t  satisfy  you  in  every  respect,  we  wiUj 
refund  money.  Lasts  longer  and  accom¬ 
plishes  more  than  other  preparations.  A 
EUREKA  MOWER  COMPANY 
Box  964,  Utica,  N.  Y. 


KENTUCKY  COW  BELLS 


Solid  Brass,  Deep  Toned, 
Made  Strong  To  Last 

No.  1  each  40c  No.  3  each  30c 
No.  2  each  35c  No.  4  each  25c 

WISNER  MFG  CO. 
230  Greenwich  St.,  New  York 


Death  the  Stomach 
Worms  Guaranteed 

Wo  will  send  you  100  lbs.  of  D1L 
HOLLAND’S  MEDICATED  STOCK 
SALT  on  60  days’  trial  freight 
prepaid.  If  you  derive  no  benefit. 
It  costs  you  nothing;  If  you  do,  It 
costs  you  $5.00.  Givo  us  your  or¬ 
der  at  onco. 

The  HOLLAND  STOCK  REMEDY 
COMPANY,  Wellington,  Ohio. 


VETERINARY  INSTRUMENTS 


(Trocars,  Hopples,  Impregnators),  foi 
Horses,  Cattle,  Swine,  Poultry,  Etc, 
lieceived  only  award  World’s  Fairs 
Chicago,  St.  Louis.  Write  for  Illus¬ 
trated  Catalogue. 

HAUSSMANN  &  DUNN  CO., 

708  So.  Clark  Street,  Chicago,  Illinois 


Terre  Haute  Veterinary  College 

A  complete  practical  course  in  Veterinary  Science. 

Write  today  for  catalogue  and  information. 

DR.  S.  V.  RAMSEY,  TERRE  HAUTE,  1ND. 


YOUNG  MEN  WANTED  to  learn 

VETERINARY  profession.  Catalogue 
free.  Grand  Rapids  Veterinary 
College,  Dep.15,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


HORSES 


Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 

at  farmers’  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Fenna.  K.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O, 


DOGS 


POLLIE  PUPPIES  from  registered  stock:  sable  &  white 
u  &  black:  $10  each.  Clark  Farm,  Boonton,  N.  J. 


Pfll  I  IF  P||  DC— From  imported  stock.  Females 

UULLIL  I  U  I  0  cheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grave  City,  Pa. 


DAIRY  CATTLE  | 


The  Most  Economical  Production  of  the 
II iprliest  Class  of  Dairy  Products,  excell¬ 
ing  in  Natural  Color  and  Good  Flavor. 
aH„  ("The  Pan  American  Dairy  Breed  Test, 
J  The  Iowa  Dairy  Cow  Contest, 

WON  ^  Inpartial  Experiment  Station  Trials. 

The  Guernsey  was  the  First  Breed  to  establish 
an  Advanced  Register  on  basis  _  of  Years 
Records  with  Public  Supervision. 

An  averago  of  over  1200  official  years  records  show  : 

8070  lbs.  Milk  410  lbs.  Butter  Fat 

(Equivalent  to  460 lbs.  butter) 

AVERAGE  PER  CENT.  BUTTER  FAT  5.08 

Full  information  regarding  the  breed  by  writing 

The  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club 

Box  R.  PETERBOIIO,  N.  H. 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLST  El  N-FR1  ESI  AN  ASS’N  OF  AMERICA 
F.  L.  HOUGHTON.  SEC' Y,  BOX  105.  BRATTLEBORO.VT. 


JUNE  OFFERING 

Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford,  Conn. 
Fantim’s  Zac.  Taylor,  imported  Guernsey  bull,  head 
of  our  herd,  is  offered  for  sale  to  avoid  inbreeding, 
One  of  the  grandest  individuals  in  the  U.  S.  and 
perfect  in  every  detail.  Photo,  on  request. 

One  registered  Berkshire  Boar,  seven  monthsold. 

One  magnificent  Chester  White  Boar,  14  months 
old,  at  a  sacrifice. 

Eight,  four  anil  five  months  old  Jersey  Bulls  (Reg.) 
from  32-30  pound  stock  and  Pogis  blood. 

We  will  guarantee  that  the  above  stock  is  perfect 
and  cannot  be  heat  at  the  price,  or  we  will  refund 
your  money  and  your  carfare. 


Kft  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  'J’he  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se. 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females- 
A.  A.  CORTEIA’OU,  Somerville  N.  J. 


REG.  HOLSTEIN  MALE  CALVES 


I  Closely  related  to  champions  of  the  world  I 
at  farmers’ prices.  Fine  individuals,  nicely 
marked.  Fifty  per  cent  below  value. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Write  today.  | 

F.  H.  RIVENBURGH,  HILLHURST  FARM,  MUNNSVILLE.  N.  Y. 

AT  LAUREL  FARM 

we  have  on  hand  some  half-dozen  sons  of  Fern’s 
Jubilee,  73852,  A.  J.  0.  C.,  from  ten  months  down 
to  a  few  days  old.  All  out  of  good  cows.  Discount 
price  for  next  thirty  days. 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N,  Y. 


FOR  SALE-GRADE  GUERNSEYS KBS.  75: 


Breed  Up— Not 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  11.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Mtllf  Prnrilirprc  for  New  York  City  market 
lYliln  I  i  UUULLI  o  degiving  information  how  to 

form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 


SWIWE 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  Y AN,  N.Y 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.  ”", a 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  toser- 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Pionrietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


IARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD  -  Regular  Summer 
“  Offering  of  Bred  Sows.  Eighty  at  our  home  farm, 
8  to  11) months  old,  some  of  them  bred;  selected  from 
large  litters  out  of  mature  dams.  $35  up.  Come  and 
look  them  over.  H.  C.  &  H.  B.  HARPENDING,  Dundee,  N.Y, 

LARGE  ENGLISH  YORKSHIRES. 

Last  Fall  Pigs  from  Prize  Winning,  Registered 
Stock,  for  sale  at  reasonable  prices. 

CHAS.  W.  SWITZER  -  -  SOUTH  EUCLID,  OHIO. 


Alfalfa  Lodge  Yorkshires 

Short  Nose  Type,  March  Pigs. 

JOHN  G.  CURTIS  -  -  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

My  CHESHIRE  PIGS 

Either  sex  ten  dollars,  F.  O.  B.  Troy,  N.  Y.,  R.  F.  D. 
L-  R-  THURSTON,  R.  F.  D.  3,  Troy,  New  York. 


CHESHIRES 


The  pig  for  profit.  Healthy, 
hardy,  a  good  grazer  and  an 
easy  keeper.  Morningside 
Farm,  Sylvauia,  Pa. 


nilPfiPC  THK  KIG«  DEEP  FELLOW’S 

UUnUUO  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  limes. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS.  Transfer,  Pa. 


CHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
u  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BAUNKS.  Oxford.  N.  Y, 


Mule-foot  Pigs- 


-Either  sex;  pure  blood;  Kregli 

J. 


dow 

,,  _ _ _ _ _  strain.  Prices  reasonable.  J.  N. 

MclHERSON,  Pine  View  Farm,  Scottsville,  N.  Y- 


FOR  QAI  DUR0C  JERSEY  BOARS-One  Choice 
lUn  OMLk  BROOD  SOW  bred  for  1st  of  Septem¬ 
ber  Farrow— Some  nice  SPRING  PIGS.  Address 

J.  H.  LEWIS.  R.  F.  D.  No.  2,  Cadiz,  Ohio. 


1911. 


THE  RUHAfc  NEW-YORKER 


729 


The  Henyard. 


BOARD  FLOOR  IN  BROODER. 

I  was  interested  in  your  advice  to  M.  L. 
H.  regarding  the  deleterious  effect  of  keep¬ 
ing  chicks  on  board  floors.  How  is  it  pos¬ 
sible  to  avoid  this  when  hatching  chicks  in 
the  Winter  season,  and  when  the  weather 
will  not  permit  of  their  being  allowed  out 
of  doors?  I  have  a  piece  of  ground  50x120 
which  I  intend  devoting  to  the  poultry  busi¬ 
ness.  I  am  now  erecting  a  40-foot  house, 
70  feet  from  the  front  line,  so  I  will  have  a 
run  40x70,  which  I  will  probably  divide 
into  four  sections  10x70  each.  The  house 
being  14  feet  wide  will  leave  a  space  in  the 
rear  30x40  on  which  I  contemplate  build¬ 
ing  a  brooder  house,  say  14x36.  This  I 
want  to  keep  filled  practically  all  of  the 
time,  running  my  machines  throughout  the 
year. 

The  man  I  have  working  for  me  wants  to 
put  in  double  floox-s,  say  one  three  feet 
above  the  other,  so  as  to  keep  double  the 
number  of  chicks  and  both  to  be  constructed 
of  wood.  The  idea  is  to  divide  the  house 
into  24  separate  pens  3x11,  that  is  12  up 
and  12  down.  This  allows  a  three-foot  pas¬ 
sageway  at  rear  of  building.  I  am  having 
a  hard  time  trying  to  convince  my  man  that 
chicks  will  not  do  so  well  on  board  floors, 
but  I  don’t  know  what  to  suggest  in  their 
place.  lie  is  an  experienced  poultry  man, 
and  as  I  understand  conducted  a  profitable 
broiler  plant  for  several  years,  and  claims 
board  floors  are  all  right  if  covered  with 
plenty  of  litter.  I  spoke  of  putting  in 
cement  floors  and  dividing  each  pen  into 
two  sections  and  putting  about  two  inches 
of  sand  or  earth  in  one  section  and  litter 
in  the  other,  but  he  does  not  approve  of 
that.  What  knowledge  I  have  is  principally 


North 


book  knowledge,  although  I  have  kept 
chickens  two  years,  and  my  man  has  no  pa¬ 
tience  with  book  theories. 

1  am  enclosing  diagram  of  my  proposed 
arrangement  and  ask  your  suggestions. 

H.  II. 

If  “II.  H.”  has  some  place  where  he  can 
store  earth  where  it  will  not  freeze  there 
need  be  no  difficulty  on  account  of  the 
board  floors  of  his  brooders.  lie  can  empty 
a  pail  of  earth  on  the  floor  of  the  runs  at¬ 
tached  to  the  hovers,  and  put  on  more  when 
that  gets  dry  and  dusty.  The  plan  is  to 
have  two-storied  brooders,  one  lot  three  feet 
above  the  other.  The  floors  should  be  of 
tight  matched  boards  so  that  the  dirt  from 
above  would  not  sift  down  on  the  lower 
chicks.  If  he  is  to  raise  chicks  “the  year 
around”  he  must  plan  to  heat  the  house  in 
cold  weather.  In  a  house  14x30  feet  lamp- 
heated  brooders  would  not  heat  the  house 
enough,  besides  the  difficulty  of  getting  rid 
of  lamp  fumes.  I  would  recommend  the 
pipe  system  with  a  coal  heater  at  one  end 
and  the  pipes  after  running  through  the 
hovers  extended  out  to  the  wall  and  back 
to  the  heater,  so  as  to  give  heating  surface 
enough  to  keep  the  house  comfortable  in 
extreme  cold  weather.  The  house  cannot  be 
shut  up  tight;  abundant  ventilation  must 
be  provided  or  there  will  bo  trouble.  Pure 
air  is  the  first  requisite.  If  “H.  II.”  is  go¬ 
ing  to  raise  a  large  number  of  chicks  he 
will  be  obliged  to  have  colony  houses  out¬ 
side  to  which  the  chicks  can  be  removed. 
That  is,  if  he  wants  to  raise  them  beyond 
the  broiler  size.  The  “soft  roaster”  breed¬ 
ers  put  their  chicks  out  in  colony  houses, 
sweeping  the  snow  away  from  around  the 
doors,  and  leave  the  doors  open  all  day  ex¬ 
cept  in  very  stormy  weather.  I  presume 
they  must  have  some  kind  of  a  fireless 
hover  for  the  chicks  to  nestle  under  at 
night,  but  I  do  not  know.  These  “soft 
roaster”  chicks  are  caponized  and  kept  until 
bpring,  when  they  weigh  seven  to  nine 
pounds  or  more,  and  sell  for  30  cents  a 
pound. 

“II.  II.”  sends  a  plan  of  his  laying  house 
add  brooder  house  which  shows  the  latter 
attached  to  the  laying  house  and  facing 
west.  This  is  decidedly  wrong.  If  the  lay¬ 
ing  house  should  ever  get  lousy,  especially 
with  the  little  white  mites,  nothing  would 
prevent  their  getting  into  the  brooder  house, 
l  should  detach  it  from  the  laying  house 
and  face  it  to  the  south,  to  get  all  the  sun¬ 
shine  possible.  The  windows  should  be 
hinged  at  the  bottom  so  as  to  swing  in¬ 
ward  a  foot  or  so  at  top,  with  some  strong 
sacking  tacked  to  the  V-shaped  openings  at 
the  side,  to  keep  the  air  from  coming  in  ex- 
cept  at  top.  Curtains  to  be  let  down  at 
night  would  largely  prevent  the  loss  of 
through  the  glass.  I  should  obtain  the 
dirt  for  the  runs  in  a  dry  time  in  Septem¬ 
ber  before  the  ground  freezes,  sift  it  and 
store  in  barrels,  where  it  will  not  freeze. 
And  don't  fail  to  supply  chick  grit,  char¬ 
coal.  and  green  food.  geo.  a.  cosgkove. 


How  About  It,  Mr.  Mapes  ? 

I  was  very  much  interested  in  reading 
Mr.  Mapes’  hen  article  on  page  C01.  It  was 
very  instructive,  and  yet  there  were  some 
parts  of  it  I  should  certainly  have  called 
fairy  tales  if  I  had  read  it  in  any  other 
paper  than  The  It.  N.-Y.  I  do  not  believe 
many  men  can  take  care  of  200  hens  in  five 
minutes  a  day,  yet  when  one  studies  Mr. 
Mapes’s  figures  it  seems  possible.  But  how 
often  does  Mr.  Mapes  care  for  those  hens  in 
five  minutes?  Does  he  never  pause  with  his 
egg  basket  on  his  arm  and  lean  up  against 
the  side,  or  rather  the  end  of  his  40-day 
chicken  house  and  spend  another  five  min¬ 
utes  of  his  valuable  time  admiring  the  in¬ 
dustry  with  which  his  hens  gather  up  the 
grain  he  distributes  by  the  pailful?  I  am 
sure  I  do  ,  and  we  haven’t  got  as  nice  a 
flock  of  hens  as  Mr.  Mapes  has,  either.  Or 
should  this  be  charged  to  recreation  instead 
of  the  hens?  Does  he  never  stop  to  exam¬ 
ine  the  perches  for  lice  or  mites,  or  does  he 
have  a  sign  on  his  line  fence  reading  “No 
Lice  Allowed.”  Does  he  never  pick  up  and 
examine  a  lame  or  dumpy  hen,  or  does  he 
never  have  any  such?  In  what  shape 
would  a  flock  of  hens  be  at  the  end  of  the 
year,  if  they  had  only  the  prescribed  five 
minutes  a  day,  even  with  labor-saving  de¬ 
vices?  Would  the  egg  yield  continue  to  stay 
up?  I  know  our  egg  yield  drops  when  the 
hens  are  not  properly  cared  for,  and  I  be¬ 
lieve  Mr.  Mapes’s  would,  too. 

Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y. 

C.  C.  CLEMENT. 


That  “White  Egged  American.” 

Your  contributor  who  writes  regaining  a 
white  egg  American  I  think  would  do  much 
better  if  he  would  use  the  R.  C.  White  Mi¬ 
norca  and  White  Dorking,  or  if  he  would 
have  yellow  flesh  a  R.  C.  White  Leghorn  on 
the  Dorking.  The  fifth  toe  would  be  bred 
off  far  more  quickly  than  the  brown  color  on 
the  egg.  The  shape  would  not  be  unlike  the 
evidently  desired  Wyandotte.  Every  desir¬ 
able  “American”  (?)  feature  would  be  had; 
great  laying  proclivities,  moderate  sitting 
desires,  yellow  flesh,  size,  superior  flesh  for 
table,  white  eggs,  early  maturity.  The 
spindling  shape  of  the  Mediterranean  and 
the  blocky  Dorking  shape  should  make  an 
excellent  combination.  I  have  frequently 
crossed  Hamburghs  and  Dorkings  and  very 
desirable  birds  have  resulted,  not  unlike 
Wyandottes  in  appearance. 

Long  Island.  elbert  wakeman. 


The  following  is  the  egg  yield  from  six 
Rhode  Island  hens  for  four  months  :  Feb¬ 
ruary,  108;  March,  110;  April,  126;  May, 
125 ;  total  469.  On  May  lt>  one  hen  con¬ 
cluded  to  sit,  the  only  one  that  has  wanted 
to  sit  to  date.  About  May  20  one  hen  be¬ 
came  sick ;  don’t  think  she  laid  any  more 
in  May.  a.  l. 

New  Jersey. _ 

Sri, age  for  Hens. — We  wintei-ed  125  hens 
in  the  cowshed  where  we  formerly  kept 
15  cows,  but  now  keep  only  two.  Every 
morning  after  we  fed  the  cows  silage  we 
left  about  two  bushels  in  the  bottom  of 
the  silo  chute  and  opened  the  door  so  the 
hens  could  get  in.  They  would  be  busy 
there  all  day  long,  and  at  night  only  a 
little  of  the  hardest  part  of  the  stalk 
would  be  left,  corn,  leaves,  and  pith  being 
eagerly  devoured.  This  silage  and  the 
Canada  peas  mixed  in  the  grain  ration  are 
mainly  responsible  for  our  all  Winter  egg 
yield,  something  we  never  had  before.  In 
addition  to  the  hens,  the  cows,  horses  and 
pigs  ate  silage  here  last  Winter,  and  it 
saved  hay  and  grain.  c.  c.  clement. 

Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y. 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE. 

Wisconsin  farm  lands  have  risen  in 
value  59  per  cent,  during  the  past  10  years, 
according  to  the  census  reports. 

Missouri,  which  usually  produces  large 
quantities  of  honey,  will  have  a  short  crop 
this  year  owing  to  drought. 

Fifteen  to  One. — That  was  the  propor¬ 
tion  of  milk  to  water  used  by  Max  Kessler, 
a  milk  wagon  driver  in  New  York.  But  a 
health  board  inspector  observed  the  dilu¬ 
tion,  and  the  offender  is  in  jail  for  three 
months. 

The  American  Seaman’s  Friendly  So¬ 
ciety,  of  76  Wall  street,  New  York,  is  83 
years  old.  One  of  its  charities  is  the  loan 
library,  which  consists  of  40  or  more  books 
properly  cased  and  placed  in  charge  of  the 
captain  or  mate,  who  distributes  the  books 
to  the  crew.  There  are  228  of  these  libra¬ 
ries,  which  are  changed  from  vessel  to  ves¬ 
sel,  largely  sailing  craft,  as  opportunity 
affords. 

Toll  receipts  on  the  Suez  Canal  during 
1910  amounted  to  $26,340,000,  an  increase 
of  $2,040,000  over  1909.  The  traffic  con¬ 
sisted  of  4,533  vessels,  with  a  net  tonnage 
of  16,581,898  tons.  The  average  time  for 
passage  of  the  canal  was  16  hours,  54  min¬ 
utes.  By  constant  dredging  a  channel  34 
feet  deep  is  maintained,  4,000,000  cubic 
yards  of  dredging  being  removed  in  the 
year. 

The  steamer  Olympic,  the  largest  in  the 
world,  arrived  at  New  York  from  South¬ 
ampton,  England,  June  21.  Judging  from 
the  amount  of  food  taken  on  board,  the 
“ship’s  cook”  has  plenty  of  material  to  work 
with.  Among  the  supplies  were  75,000 
pounds  of  fresh  meat,  25,000  pounds  of 
poultry,  3.000  dozen  eggs,  nine  tons  of  fish, 
250  barrels  of  flour,  40  tons  of  potatoes, 
live  tons  of  sugar,  one  ton  of  coffee,  one-half 
ton  of  tea,  3,500  pounds  of  jam,  and  five 
tons  of  cereals.  About  1,400  passengers 
were  on  board. 

Humans  may  bow  in  moi’e  or  less  will¬ 
ing  subservience  to  our  various  tariff  “sched¬ 
ules,”’  but  live  stock  appear  to  be  lacking 
in  stand  pat  respect  for  this  greatest  of 
American  institutions.  “Horned  critters,” 
and  other  domestic  animals  along  the  Cana¬ 
dian  border  often  stray  over  into  United 
States  territory,  without  squaring  them¬ 
selves  with  the  custom  house  people.  This 
has  made  .  so  much  trouble  that  a  new 
regulation  is  proposed,  by  which  these  stray 
animals  and  their  offspring  will  not  be  sub¬ 
ject  to  duty  if  rounded-up  and  returned  to 
Canada  within  six  months. 

A  disgusting  practice  in  the  food  trade 
is  the  common  method  of  sampling  butter. 
A  trier  is  run  into  the  tub  or  jar ;  a  cone 
of  butter  withdrawn  ;  and  the  sampler,  per¬ 
haps  removing  a  cigar  from  his  mouth, 
gnaws  off  a  little  butter  from  various  points 
along  the  trier,  inserting  the  leavings  into 


the  place  from  which  removed.  Butter 
judges  in  public  exhibitions  of  scoring, 
sometimes  test  in  this  way,  though,  of 
course,  they  do  not  smoke  during  the  opera¬ 
tion.  There  is  probably  no  provision  in  the 
pure  food  law  covering  this  filthy  practice, 
but  it  is  certainly  a  violation  of  the  spirit 
of  the  law.  In  parts  of  Northern  Europe 
where  dairying  is  made  a  specialty,  clean 
bits  of  wood  are  used  for  every  test,  so  that 
the  mouth  does  not  touch  the  butter  that  is 
put  back  into  the  tub. 

Eating  at  G.  Adolph's. — The  name  on 
his  sign  is  a  little  loDger  than  this,  but 
the  upwards  of  1,000  people  who  daily  cat 
there  could  find  the  place  if  it  bad  no  sign. 
In  fact,  the  man  who  started  the  business 
never  had  a  sign.  For  40  years  or  so  he 
handed  out  sandwiches,  pies,  coffee,  etc., 
and  with  them  a  highly  discriminating  line 
of  conversation,  a  plan  which  his  suc¬ 
cessor  caries  out  in  a  revised  and  im¬ 
proved  way.  First  among  the  eatables  dis¬ 
pensed  come  sandwiches  made  from  pum¬ 
pernickel,  bread,  hard  or  soft  rolls,  with 
filling  of  cheese,  boiled  ham,  roast  beef, 
corned  beef  or  tongue,  the  meats  all  cooked 
there  instead  of  being  boiled  a  week  before¬ 
hand  and  carted  around  the  city  in  wagons. 
Next  come  the  pies.  Restaurant  pie  does 
not  sound  attractive.  I  removed  a  piece  of 
anthracite  coal  as  big  as  the  end  of  my 
finger  from  a  piece  of  alleged  mince  at  an¬ 
other  eating  house.  But  G.  Adolph’s  pies 
are  worth  eating  ;  the  corpulent,  homemade 
kind,  cut  in  four  pieces  at  seven  cents  each  ; 
apple  always,  and  other  fruits  when  avail¬ 
able.  Other  substantial  are  boiled  eggs, 
sardines,  and  sometimes  bologna  and  liver- 
wurst.  At  1  :30  soup  and  a  regular  dinner 
are  ready.  One  customer  has  been  eating 
there  35  years,  and  a  lot  of  us  have  a  rec¬ 
ord  of  five  to  10  years.  Nick  has  recently 
celebrated  his  27th  year  as  chief  builder 
of  sandwiches,  dissector  of  pies,  etc.  He 
represents  a  substantial  part  of  the  “good 
will”  of  the  business. 

Bean  Prices. — I  notice  Red  Kidney  beans 
are  quoted  at  $6  to  $6.70  per  100  pounds 
and  pea  beans  at  $3  to  $3.70  in  your  mar¬ 
ket  report.  Why  is  there  so  much  differ¬ 
ence?  K.  L. 

Wisconsin. 

It  is  solely  a  matter  of  supply  and  de¬ 
mand.  Two  and  three  years  ago  Red  Kid¬ 
ney  were  50  cents  to  $1  per  bushel  lower 
than  Marrow  or  Pea  beans,  and  the  same 
thing  will  doubtless  happen  again  should 
the  supply  of  Red  Kidney  exceed  the  active 
demand.  _  Hence  it  would  be  unwise  to  go 
heavily  into  raising  this  variety  because 
they  happen  to  be  high  priced  now.  A  sur¬ 
plus  of  dark  beans  is  as  a  rule  harder  to 
dispose  of  than  of  white  varieties.  Many 
people  have  a  prejudice  against  the  dark 
color,  so  that,  after  the  regular  trade  using 
red  beans  is  siipplied,  a  heavy  discount  will 
be  needed  to  interest  those  who  ordinarily 
use  white  beans.  w.  w.  H. 


Warts, 

I  have  a  valuable  heifer,  Jersey,  tuber¬ 
culin  tested,  aged  20  months,  freshened  two 
months  ago.  She  is  covered  with  a  growth 
that  varies  from  size  of  pea  to  a  closed  fist. 
Many  think  these  are  warts.  If  so,  will  you 
tell  me  what  I  can  use  to  remove  them? 
The  growth  is  entirely  on  the  body  and 
not  on  the  udder.  m.  w.  a. 

New  York. 

The  growths  are  warts  and  the  large  ones 
should  be  twisted  out  and  the  bleeding 
stopped  by  application  of  a  red-hot  iron  or 
Monsell’s  solution  or  powder.  Flat  masses 
of  warts  may  be  got  rid  of  in  time  by  once 
daily  rubbing  freely  with  best  castor  oil. 

a.  s.  A. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


not  only  save  their  cost  every  year 
but  may  be  bought  on  such  liberal 
terms  as  to  literally  pay  for  them¬ 
selves.  Why  should  you  delay 
the  purchase  of  the  best  separator 
under  such  circumstances  ? 

THE  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  CO. 


i  ns.  u 

I  165-167  BROADWAY 
B  NEW  YORK. 


29  E.  MADISON  ST. 
CHICAGO. 


95 

AND  UP¬ 
WARD 


AMERICAN 

SEPARATOR 

SENT  ON  TRIAL,  FULLY 
GUARANTEED.  A  new.  well 
made,  easy  running  separator  for 
$15.95.  Skims  hot  or  cold  milk; 
heavy  or  light  cream.  Different 
from  this  picture  which  illus¬ 
trates  our  large  capacity  ma¬ 
chines.  Tlie  bowl  Is  a  sanitary 
marvel,  easily  cleaned.  Whether 
dairy  is  large  or  smalt,  obtain  our 
handsome  free  catalog.  Address 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO.  BA1g^R, 


IF  ST’S  CATTLE 


STANCH30NS 


Write  Green  for  cir¬ 
culars  and  prices .  ,  . 

LANDON  A.  GREEN 
Ogdensburg,  N.  Y. 


HANDY  BINDER 


JUST  the  thing  for  preserving  files  of 
The  Rural  New-Yorker.  Durable 
and  cheap.  Sent  postpaid  for  25  cents. 

‘Dre  RURAL  NEW-YORKER, 

409  Pearl  Street,  New  York  City 


Sfe 


When  your  pasture  gives  out  or  burns  up  are  you  going  to  sit 
down  and  be  satisfied  with  a  reduced  milk  supply?  Or  will  you 
join  the  progressive  dairymen  of  today  who  are  including  Dried 
Beet  Pulp  in  the  ration,  thereby  nc+  only  actually  increasing  the 
milk  flow  but  keeping  the  cows  in  perfect  condition? 

DRIED  BEET  PULP 

Just  Like  Roots 

The  Feed  That’s  Guaranteed 

Of  course,  every  dairyman  knows  that  good  pasture  is  the  most  profitable 
teed  of  all.  But  what  dairyman  has  enough  of  it  ?  If  you  would  save  your 
grass,  make  it  last  through  the  summer,  get  the  most  out  of  it,  and  the  most 
milk  profits  out  of  your  cows,  mix  Dried  Beet  Pulp  in  the  ration  now. 
The  cows  enjoy  it — watch  them  eat 

it.  Don’t  let  your  cows  crop  the  J  ^ 

TZlf. cl^  ‘then^henThl  1  s!^  2£  Guaranty  1 

drought  comes,  it  burns  up.  Dried  £  2 

Beet  Pulp  is  light,  bulky,  sue-  \  0uaran,cc  *ha‘  any  sack  of  our  Dried  \ 
culent  and  palatable;  helps  diges-  \  Bect  Pu,P  bou0ht  for  trial,  either  direct  from  < 
tion,  increases  the  milk  flow  and  *  us  or  throu0h  a  dealer,  will  prove  satisfac-  « 
SmnrAVAC  tVm  nnxtra9  IiaoDh  tory  to  the  buyer  or  we  will  refund  the 

£  purchase  price.  *■ 


improves  the  cows’  health. 

Let  us  prove  this  to  you  by  an  actual  test 
Goto  your  dealer  and  get  a  100' 
under  our  Guaranty,  or  write  us, 


nal  test.  >  . 

i  lb.  sack  £  Larger  quantities  can  be  bought  with  2 
£  the  privilege  of  trying  one  sack  and  if  \ 
the  larrowe  milling  co.  2  found  unsatisfactory,  the  entire  pur-  g 
Box  603,  Ford  Building  ?  chase  price  will  be  refunded  if  the  un-  * 
Detroit,  Michigan  ?  used  portion  is  shipped  in  accordance  * 
2  with  instructions  to  be  received  from  us.  J 


730 


THE  RURAIi  NEW-YORKER 


July  1, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


It  would  seem  that  almost  every  paper 
in  the  country  except  Mr.  Lewis’s  Na¬ 
tional  weekly  heard  of  the  suits  filed 
against  his  concerns  on  Tuesday  of  last 
week.  Other  St.  Louis  papers  were  full 
of  it,  but  not  a  word  of  it  appeared  in 
the  weekly.  Perhaps  it  was  thought  the 
women  would  not  be  interested  in  a  suit 
that  tied  up  every  one  of  the  Lewis  en¬ 
terprises  and  made  it  impossible  for 
Lewis  or  any  of  his  agents  to  dispose 
of  the  property. 

William  R.  Hearst,  editor  and  pub¬ 
lisher  of  a  New  York  City  paper,  has 
sued  Collier’s  Weekly  for  libel.  Some¬ 
time  back  Collier’s  sued  Post  of  the 
Postum  Company  of  Michigan  for  libel. 
The  damage  claimed  in  each  case  was 
about  a  half  million.  The  Lewis  suits 
against  The  R.  N.-Y.  aggregate  more 
than  six  hundred  thousand  dollars. 
Colonel  Harvey,  editor  of  Harper’s 
Weekly,  laments  such  suit  of  one  pub¬ 
lisher  against  another.  The  Censor,  a 
bright  and  coming  literary  publication  of 
St.  Louis,  characterizes  the  publishers’ 
resort  to  the  libel  courts  as  a  “baby  act,” 
and  tells  the  editors  they  are  lacking  in 
the  elements  that  make  “sports.”  In  our 
experience  the  libel  suit  has  always  been 
the  last  resort  of  a  frightened  faker. 

The  citizens  of  Post  City,  Texas,  seem 
to  have  a  positive  way  of  doing  things. 
The  “Appeal  to  Reason,”  a  paper  which 
has  had  trouble  with  the  Post  Office 
Department,  was  being  delivered  by 
agents  to  the  homes  of  the  city.  The 
people,  however,  protested.  They  did 
not  want  the  paper,  but  the  agent  per¬ 
sisted  in  delivering  it.  So  the  people 
got  up  a  petition  among  themselves  to 
the  grand  jury,  and  signed  their  names 
to  it.  In  this  petition  they  complained 
that  the  paper  contained  vile  and  ob¬ 
scene  literature  and  that  the  publisher 
persisted  in  forcing  it  into  their  homes 
in  spite  of  protests  and  warning.  They 
asked  the  jury  to  take  such  steps  as  may 
be  necessary  to  stop  the  abuse.  The  pe¬ 
tition  bore  the  signature,  according  to 
the  local  papers,  of  the  best  citizens  of 
the  place.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the 
grand  jury  will  find  means  to  stop  the 
abuse  complained  of.  If  so,  perhaps  the 
Hon.  Jeff  Davis  will  want  a  Congress¬ 
ional  investigation  of  the  grand  jury. 

Some  farmers  In  St.  Lawrence  County, 
near  Gouverneur,  N.  Y.,  seem  to  be  friends 
of  A.  .T.  Bennett  &  Sons,  and  side  with 
them.  You  criticised  them  recently  in  the 
paper.  G.  J.  L. 

New  York. 

We  are  sorry  to  offend  any  farmers  in 
St.  Lawrence  County  or  elsewhere;  but 
farmers  ought  to  know  that  a  concern 
that  does  an  injustice  to  one  farmer  in 
any  section  is  the  concern  of  every 
farmer  no  matter  where  located.  Some 
concerns  which  seem  to  stand  very  well 
at  home,  do  not  hesitate  to  ignore 
plain  obligations  to  farm  customers 
at  a  distance.  Messrs.  Bennett  may 
be  very  good  neighbors  for  all  we 
know,  but  they  have  repeatedly  received 
orders  and  remittances  from  farmers  in 
other  sections  and  then  neglected  to  send 
the  goods  or  to  make  any  explanations 
for  failure  to  do  so.  If  there  are  any 
farmers  in  St.  Lawrence  County  or 
elsewhere  who  sympathize  with  that 
sort  of  thing,  Messrs.  Bennett  &  Sons 
are  welcome  to  their  friendship.  We 
doubt,  however,  if  many  farmers,  know¬ 
ing  the  record  which  we  can  furnish, 
would  encourage  Messrs.  Bennett  in 
their  neglect  of  other  farmers  who  do 
not  happen  to  be  in  a  position  to  en¬ 
force  just  claims. 

We  have  In  this  community  at  this  time 
two  persons  promoting  a  $6,000  creamery. 
They  style  themselves  Jones  &  Bancroft, 
manufacturers  of  creamery  supplies,  Chi¬ 
cago,  Ill.  Nearly  or  quite  all  of  the  stock 
of  this  company  has  been  subscribed  by 
farmers.  We  would  like  to  have  your  ad¬ 
vice  about  the  investment.  dairyman. 

Maryland. 

Cooperative  creameries  organized  in 
this  way  are  usually  too  expensive.  In 
our  experience  promoters  charge  alto¬ 
gether  too  much  for  the  material,  and 
for  the  building  and  for  the  work  of 
organization.  They  usually  put  up  a 
creamery  altogether  too  expensive  and 
too  large  for  the  neighborhood  and  the 
number  of  cows  to  supply  it.  They 
complete  their  building,  collect  their 
money  and  disappear.  Farmers  are  then 
thrown  upon  their  own  resources,  and 
without  experience  in  handling  a  propo¬ 
sition  of  the  kind,  usually  find  them¬ 
selves  too  heavily  capitalized  to  make  a 
success  of  the  investment.  There  may 
be  cases  where  this  rule  has  not  pre¬ 
vailed,  but  if  so  we  have  not  found  them. 
If  the  farmers  would  take  up  the  work 


of  organization  themselves  they  could 
secure  a  plan  for  probably  one-third  of 
what  it  costs  through  these  promoting 
agencies.  They  would  profit  by  the  ex¬ 
perience  of  the  organizers,  and  when 
completed  they  would  be  in  a  better 
position  to  go  on  with  the  work,  and 
having  but  a  small  capitalization  would 
find  it  less  expensive  and  easier  to 
make  profits.  We  have  no  record  of 
experiences  with  this  particular  house, 
but  the  above  is  the  observation  of  some 
25  years’  experience. 

Fiss,  Doerr  &  Carroll,  the  large  horse 
dealers  on  East  24th  street,  New  York 
City,  have  announced  that  they  have  em¬ 
ployed  an  attorney  and  will  hereafter 
prosecute  at  their  own  expense  all 
swindling  games  in  the  horse  line  that 
come  to  their  attention,  with  a  view  to 
rid  the  horse  trade  and  the  city  of  the 
“gyps”  [evil.  The  advertisements  of 
these  “gyps”  or  horse  crooks  are  easily 
distinguished  by  anyone  who  is  familiar 
with  the  game ;  but  they  readily  appeal 
to  others.  In  the  old  days  a  “widow  re¬ 
cently  bereaved  wanted  to  sell  her  late 
husband’s  celebrated  trotter”  to  anyone 
who  would  treat  it  kindly,  and  accord¬ 
ing  to  Mr.  Carroll  they  often  succeeded 
in  disposing  of  $80  horses  at  prices 
ranging  from  $700^  Jo  $2,000.  Later  it  is 
“the  family  who  Fought  an  automobile” 
that  is  looking  for  kind  hands  to  treat 
a  pet  pair,  or  single  favorite.  Now 
you  read  of  men  of  department  stores, 
express  companies  and  contracting  firms 
going  out  of  business  or  changing  to 
auto  trucks,  and  consequently  having 
work  horses  at  your  own  price.  We 
have  before  referred  to  the  tricks  of 
these  petty  swindlers,  and  it  would  be  a 
wholesome  job  if  the  above  tffim  would 
use  its  influence  as  promised  So  put  the 
whole  bunch  of  swindlers  in  the  peni¬ 
tentiary. 

On  August  18  I  skipped  Archdeacon  & 
Company,  New  York,  80  bushel  baskets  of 
peaches.  I  made  out  my  invoice  card  and 
gave  it  to  the  railroad  agent  at  Kenton 
on  the  Philadelphia,  Baltimore  and  Wash¬ 
ington  Railroad,  but  did  not  insist  on  a  re¬ 
ceipt  from  him.  Later  Archdeacon  &  Co., 
replying  to  my  complaint,  said  that  they 
had  not  received  the  goods,  and  I  applied 
to  the  agent  for  the  receipt.  He  said  lie 
could  give  me  no  receipt,  because  the  goods 
had  been  shipped  by  Lewis  Ililyard,  a  ship¬ 
ping  agent  here,  direct  to  his  commission 
merchant,  Jacob  Lippmann.  Ililyard  says 
he  sent  instructions  to  have  them  turned 
over  to  Archdeacon  &  Co.  Lippmann  did 
not  do  this,  but  sold  the  peaches  at  a 
sacriiice.  Hilyard  claims  that  this  ship¬ 
ment  was  made  in  a  chartered  car.  This 
was  the  first  I  heard  of  his  hand  in  the 
transaction.  I  was  shipping  Archdeacon 
&  Co.  and  not  to  Jacob  Lippmann.  Jacob 
Lippmann  returned  me  $5.70  for  peaches 
which  should  have  netted  me  at  least 
$13.35.  Can  you  do  anything  to  help  me? 

Delaware.  R.  m. 

The  contention  of  the  railroad  com¬ 
pany  in  this  case  is  that  their  agent  at 
Kenton  had  nothing  whatever  to  do 
with  the  shipment ;  that  the  shipper 
placed  the  peaches  in  a  car  chartered  by 
Hilyard  and  the  agent  had  nothing  to 
do  with  it.  On  the  other  hand  the 
agent  admits  to  Mr.  McDowell  that  the 
invoice  was  made  out  and  handed  to 
him  and  that  the  agent  knew  Mr.  Mc¬ 
Dowell  was  not  shipping  through  Hil¬ 
yard.  On  the  other  hand  Lippman  says 
he  had  no  information  whatever  as  to 
the  McDowell  peaches  being  in  his  car, 
and  he  sold  them  all  out  in  truck  loads 
without  any  knowledge  whatever  of  the 
McDowell  peaches.  Under  such  circum¬ 
stances  there  seems  to  be  no  redress 
for  the  shipper  short  of  a  lawsuit,  and 
the  amount  does  not  justify  a  resort  to 
the  court.  It  looks  very  much  as  if 
a  trick  had  been  played  upon  the  ship¬ 
per.  In  any  event  Hilyard  had  the  ad¬ 
vantage  of  an  extra  shipment  to  fill 
his  car,  and  Jacob  Lippmann  had  the 
advantage  of  the  sale,  and  the  shipper 
stood  a  probable  loss  of  $8  on  the  trans¬ 
action.  We  emphasize  the  circum¬ 
stances  in  order  to  bring  home  to  ship¬ 
pers  the  importance  of  handling  their 
shipments  in  a  regular  business  way. 
Take  time  to  get  your  invoice  and  re¬ 
ceipts  and  preserve  them  until  the  trans¬ 
action  is  closed.  When  there  is  a  just 
reason  for  claim  and  we  have  all  the 
papers  we  can  get  redress,  but  the  ad¬ 
vantage  every  time  is  in  favor  of  the 
shipping  company  and  the  receiver  when 
the  proper  records  are  not  to  be  had. 

Another  oil  company  has  fallen  foul  of 
Uncle  Sam.  The  particular  company  is 
the  Ilaiwea  Pacific  Oil  Co.,  of  Oakland, 
Cal.,  and  it  has  been  branded  a  fraud  by 
the  Postoffice  Department.  Postoffice  in¬ 
spectors  claim  the  concern  has  sold  over 
$400,000  worth  of  stock.  Once  the  com¬ 
pany  was  called  the  Roosevelt  Oil  Co.,  but 
was  compelled  by  the  former  President  to 
change  its  name. — Financial  World. 

People  persist  in  making  inquiries 
about  these  oil  companies.  We  have 
only  one  advice  that  we  care  to  give — 
leave  them  alone.  J.  j.  0. 


NEWTON’S  HEAVE 

COUCH,  DISTEMPER  /\|  I  D  ET 
AND  INDIGESTION  V/UlVL 

The  flrsipr  second  $1.00  can  cures  Heaves.  The  third 
can  is  guaranteed  to  cure 


_  The  Standard  V eterinary  Remedy. 

Make)  the  llorse  Strong  and  Willing  to  Work. 

CURES  HEAVES  BY  CORRECTING  THE  CAUSE 
which  Is  Indigestion.  Send  for  booklet  “Horse  Troub¬ 
les.'’  Explains  fully  about  the  Wind,  Throat,  Stomach 
and  Blood.  Newton’sissafef orcolt,  adultor  marein  foal 
A  GRAND  CONDITIONER  AND  WORM  EXPELLER 
91  .00  a  con  at  dealers,  or  express  prepaid 
THE  JSEWTOH  BEMEDY  CO.,  Toledo,  Ohio 

Seldom. See 

a  big  knee  like  this,  bnt  your  horse  may 
have  a  bunch  or  bruise  on  his  Ankle, 
Hock,  Stifle,  Knee  or  Throat. 


will  clean  them  off  without  laying  the 
U»ror*  After  ijorso  up.  No  Blister,  no  hair  gone. 
12.00  per  bottle  delivered.  Describe  your  case  for 
special  instructions  and  Hook  8  E  free. 

ABSORBINE,  JR.,  liniment  for  mankind.  Re¬ 
moves  Painful  Swellings,  Enlarged  Glands, 
Goitre,  Wens.  Bruises,  Varicose  Veins,  Varicosities, 
Old  Sores.  Allays  Pain.  Price  $1  and  $2  a  bottle  at 
druggists  or  delivered*  Manufactured  only  by 
W.F. YOUNG,  P.D.F.,88  Temple  St.,  Springfield, Mau. 


rDllMD’C  IMPROVED 
UKUmBd  WARRINER 

STANCHION 


H.  A.  Moyer,  Syracuse, 
N.  Y.,  says  “  they 

SAVE  COST 

in  feed  in  one  winter.” 

Send  address  for  speci¬ 
fications  of  inexpensive 
yet  sanitary  cow  stable  to 
WALLACE  1$.  CRCMII,  Box  M2,  Fore.trllle,  Conn. 


ROBERTSON’S  CHAT  N 
HANGING  STANCHIONS 

“I  have  used  them  for  more 
than  TWENTY  YEARS,  and  they 
have  given  the  very  best  of  satis¬ 
faction  in  every  way,”  writes 
•T  list  us  H.  Cooley,  M.D.,  Plainfield 
Sanitarium,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

Thirty  days*  trial  on  application 

O.  n.  ROBERTSON 
Wash.  St.,  Forestville,  Conn. 


COW  COMFORT 

Means  additional  profit.  Simple 
durable,  easily  locked.  Poster 
Steel  Stun  e  li  Ion.  cannot  be 
opened  by  the  cattle.  Top  and  bot¬ 
tom  chains  permit  free  head  move¬ 
ment,  standing  or  lying  down,  yet 
keep  cattle  lined  up  and  clean. 
Write  for  new  booklet  showing 
model  stables. 

Foster  Steel  Stanchion  Co., 

906  Ins.  Bldg.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


EXCELSIOR  SWING  STANCHION 


Warranted  The  Best.  30  Days’  Trial 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  when  open 
Noiseless  Simple  Sanitary  Durable 

The  Wasson  Stanchion  Co., 
Box  60,  Cuba,  N.  Y. 


ROWN  FENCE 


,  Strongest,  most  durable  fence 
I  made.  Heaviest,  closest  wires.  Double 
galvanized.  Practically  indestructible.  Stock 
mg  Chicken  tight.  14  to  35c  per  rod.  Sample  free.  Wepayfrt.  . 

leBrownFenc^^Wir^o^Dept^^CIeveland^Ohi^l 


Farmers  Now 
aking  Cheese 

Invention  of  Wonderful  Com¬ 
plete  Cheese-Making  Outfit 
Enables  Every  Farm  Home  to 
Make  Cheese  at  a  big  Profit. 


It  is  no  longer  necessary  for  Farmers  to  buy 
store  cheese  at  a  high  price,  or  sell  their  milk  to 
the  Cheese  Trust  at  a  low  price.  A  clever  inven¬ 
tor  has  perfected  a  Complete  Cheese-Making 
Outfit  which  enables  every  Farmer  to  make  either 
a  soft,  rich,  granular,  or  American  Cheddar 
cheese  right  at  home  either  for  his  own  con¬ 
sumption  or  for  sale  to  Dealers. 

Outfit  consists  of  the  following:  One  Cheese 
Press,  One  Horizontal  Curd  Knife,  One  Perpen¬ 
dicular  Curd  Knife,  One  Dairy  Thermometer, 
One  Bottle  Rennett  Extract,  One  Bottle  Col¬ 
oring  Matter  and  One  Mold.  This  Complete 
Cheese-Making  Outfit  is  sold  direct  from  factory 
to  farm  at  one  small  profit  over  actual  cost  to 
manufacture.  It  is  simple,  inexpensive,  easily 
operated  and  pays  for  itself  in  a  very  short  time. 

Capacity  of  this  Outfit  is  from  25  to  40  quarts, 
making  a  cheese  weighing  from  eight  to  ten 
pounds.  With  milk  selling  around  80  and  90  cents 
per  hundred,  any  Farmer  can  save  about  one- 
third -of  the  price  he  pays  for  store  cheese,  and 
at  the  same  time  have  an  outlet  for  either  his 
whole  or  skimmed  milk.  This  excellent  home¬ 
made  cheese  sells  readily  to  the  Dealer  at  a  big 
profit,  either  for  cash  or  in  exchange  for  goods. 

This  wonderful  Complete  Cheese-Making  Outfit 
is  manufactured  by  the  Holland  Sporting  Goods 
Mfg.  Co.,  Dept.E  Holland,  Mich.  Every  Farmer 
should  write  them  for  full  description  of  the  Out¬ 
fit,  prices,  etc.,  and  exact  directions  telling  how 
to  make  cheese  at  a  profit  right  on  the  farm. 


•.THE 


ANIMALS 
--FRIEND 

„  Keeps  flies  and  all 
insects  and  pests  off 
animals  —  in  barn  or  pas- 
tore— loneer  than  any  imi¬ 
tation.  Used  and  endorsed 
since  1885  by  leading  dairy¬ 
men  and  farmers. 

$1  worth  saves 

- , ... -  in  milk  and  flesh  on  each 

cow  in  a  single  season.  Cures  sores,  stops  itch  inn 
and  prevents  infection.  Nothing  better  for  galls. 
Kills  lice  and  mites  in  poultry  houses. 

QFNh  if  your  dealer  can’t  supply  you.  for 

iJLilVIS  .pij  enough  Shoo -Fly  to  protect  200 
cows,  nnd  our  8  -  tube  gravity  sprayer  without 
extra  charge.  Money  back  if  not  satisfactory.  Write 
for  Booklet,  free.  Special  terms  to  agents. 

Shoo-Fly  Mfg.  Co.,  Dept.  P,  1301  N.  10th  St.,  Philada. 


DAVIS  S.  C.  REDS 

BABY  CHIX 

$12.50  PER  lOO  BALANCE  OF  SEASON 

Full  count  and  safe  delivery  guaranteed. 

DAVIS  I’OUI-TKY  FARM,  Berlin,  Mass. 

Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  May  return  at  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  Southold,  Suffolk  Co.,  N.  Y. 


THE  FARMER'S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 


Hunn  Lake  Poultry  Farm  K'hKS: 

White  Wyandotte  Chicks,  $12  per  100.  Eggs, lOper  100. 


LAKEHILL  FARM 

W.  H.  THACHHK. 

Single  and  Rose  Comb  W.  Leghorns,  W.  P.  Itocks 
and  Imp.  Pekin  Ducks.  Cockerels  and  Ducks  of 
both  sexes  for  sale  in  any  quantity  from  up. 
Chicks,  $15  per  100  Ducklings,  $25  per  100.  Write 
for  special  prices  in  large  lots.  Orders  booked  for 
early  delivery  of  hatching  eggs  and  day  old  chicks 
and  ducklings.  Safe  delivery  and  satisfaction 
guaranteed.  CARL  W.  LLOYD,  Mgr., 

Hillside.  Westchester  County.  N.  Y. 


5000 


Single-Combed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 
Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 
right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  best  selections.  Largest  success¬ 
ful  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 


Buff,  Wli.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  S.  C.  R.  I.  Red. 
Eggs,  90c.  per  15,  $1 .50  per  30.  $2.75  per  60,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  Pa. 


SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  and  Cock¬ 
erels:  any  quantity  at  attractive  prices:  bred-to-lay 
kind.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington,  N.  J 


|X)R  SALE-After  July  1st,  100  S.  C.  WHITE 
r  LEGHORN  YEARLING  HENS,  good  layers  and 
in  a  healthy  condition,  $1.00  each.  Address 

15.  15.  CHASE,  Wyoming,  Delaware. 


RARV  rmri^Q  Qi_  Each.  Fromfree- 
I  02C.  range  selected  S. 

C.  White  Leghorns  in  any  quantity.  Safo  arrival 
guaranteed.  Circulars  free.  CHAS.  R.  STONE,  Baby 
Chicken  Farm,  StaatsburD-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 


T>ABY  CHICKS— Single  Comb  White  Leghorns, 
Rose  Comb  Rhode  Island  Reds,  9c  and  12c  each. 
Strong  and  livable.  From  vigorous  free  range  stock 
bred  for  utility  and  standard  qualities.  Safe  delivery 
guaranteed.  WESLEY  GRIN. NELL,  Sodus,  N.  Y. 


BABY  CHICKS 


-SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS  ; 


in  the  world;  2,000  Breeders;  Chicks.  $9.00  per  100 
during  July;  from  free  range  stock;  chicks  that  do 
nothingbut  live  and  grow.  Safe  arrival  guaranteed 
My  book,  “Profits  in  Poultry  Keeping  Solved,"  free 
with  every  100  chick  order.  Circular  free. 

BRIGGS'  BABY  CHICK  FARM,  Pleasant  Valley,  New  York 


PRIZE  WINNING  STRAINS  !  ^?,a. 

dottes,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  both  combs,  Singlo 
Comb  White  and  Brown  Leghorns,  eggs  $1.50,  15; 
$7.00,  100.  Light  and  Dark  Brahmas,  $2.00,  15.  Cat¬ 
alog  gratis.  F.  M.  PRESCOTT,  Riverdale,  N.  J. 


Ufa  Will  Qall — for $2.00  for  liens  amt  $2.00 to $5.00 
IIC  Hill  3CII  for  one-year-old  cockerels — our 
surplus  breeding  stock  of  Partridge  Cochins.  Barred 
Rocks,  White  Rocks,  Partridge  Wyandottes. 

MINCH  BROS.  .  R-2  .  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 


nn  EflOS  $1.00 — leading  varieties,  62  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
L  U  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Dirge  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 

DPI  1 1 1  TDYM  CW—  Don't  fall  to  secure  Stock  and 
rUULI  n  I  STILll  Eggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS.  Marietta,  l’a, 


1911. 


731 


CONTENTS 

The  RuRAL  New-Yobker,  July  1,  1911. 


FARM  TOPICS. 

Cultivating  with  a  Hayrake . 717,  718 

Advice  on  “Back  to  the  Land” .  71S 

Draining  “Ooze"  Land  in  Kentucky.  . .  718 

Problems  in  Tile  Drainage .  71!) 

Changing  Alfalfa  for  Corn .  719 

Curing  Oats  and  Peas .  720 

Getting  Hay  Into  Barn .  720 

Crop  Notes . 720,  725 

Alfalfa  with  Corn .  721 

The  Use  of  Swamp  Muck .  721 

Cost  of  Harvesting  Hay .  721 

Hope  Farm  Notes....'. .  722 

When  Is  Hairy  Vetch  a  Weed? .  723 

Destroying  Paint  Brush .  723 

Diary  of  Farm  Work .  725 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 


The  “Rich  Man’s  Plaything” . 

Overalls  for  the  Dairy  Cow . 

High  Color  in  Guernsey  Milk . 

Milk  . 

Board  Floor  in  Brooder . 

How  About  It,  Mr.  Mapes? . 

That  “White-egged  American” . 

Silage  for  Hens . 


717 

728 

728 

728 
72!) 

729 
72!) 
729 


HORTICULTURE. 

Guff  in  the  Nursery  Business . 

Protecting  Trees  in  Mulched  Orchard.. 
Returns  from  a  Sod  Apple  Orchard.  .  .  . 

Peaches  for  Southern  Indiana . 

Bruised  Cherry  Tree . 

Swamp  Root . 

Hardiness  of  Plants . 

Dust  Spraying . 

California  Strawberries  . 

Early  Harvest  Blackberry . 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day . 

Savory  Meat  Dishes . 

The  Rural  Patterns . 

Velvet  Cream  . 

Graham  Flour  in  Disguise . 

Home  Notes  from  Tennessee . 


717 

718 

719 

720 
723 
723 
723 
723 
723 
723 


720 

720 

720 

720 

727 

727 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

Light  on  a  Lightning  Rod  Man .  718 

New  York  Vinegar  Law . 720 

“There  Are  Many  Worse  Off  Than  You”  721 

The  Ant  Pest .  721 

Editorials  .  724 

Events  of  the  Week .  725 

Products,  Prices  and  Trade .  729 

Publisher’s  Desk  .  730 


MARKETS 

Wholesale  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  June  23,  1911. 


BUTTER 

Some  trade  in  special  grades  on  a  higher 
basis  than  quotations  is  noted,  but  the  gen¬ 
eral  tone  of  the  market  is  weak. 


Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 23  @  .24 

Goon  to  Choice . 19  @  .22 

Lower  Grades  . 15  @  .18 

State  Dairy,  best . 21  @  .22 

Common  to  Good . 14  @  .18 

Factory . 14  @  .18 

Packing  Stock . 12  @  .16 


Elgin  111.  butter  market  firm  at  23  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  23)6  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  24  cents. 
CHEESE 

Market  is  very  firm  on  all  the  better 
grades,  including  skims. 


Full  Cream,  best,  new . 10 14®  .11)6 

Common  to  Good . 09  @  .lo 

Skims . 04  ®  .08 

Old,  common  to  good . 11  @  .13 

EGGS 

Receipts  are  lighter,  but  there  is  still 

some  surplus  of  medium  grades. 

White,  good  to  choice . 23  @  .25 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 19  @  .22 

Common  to  Good . 15  @  .17 

Western,  best . 17  @  .19 

Under  grades . 12  @  .15 

Checks  and  dirties . 07  @  .12 


BEANS 


Medium  and  Pea  are  slightly  higher,  ow¬ 
ing  to  firm  Western  markets.  Other  varie¬ 
ties,  including  Red  Kidney,  dull. 


Marrow,  100  lbs. . 

Medium _ _ 

Pea . ,. . . 

Velio w  Eye . 

lied  Kidney . 

WhiteKidney.... 
Lima.  California 


3.20  @  3.75 
3.00  ®  3.60 
3.00  @  3.65 
3.50  ®  3.60 
6.00  ®  6.50 
6.00  ®  5.10 
6.70  ®  6.75 


HOI'S 


Trade  is  at  a  standstill,  owing  to  scarcity 
of  stock. 


Prime  to  Choice . 31  @  .32 

Common  to  Good . 29  @  .30 

Pacific  Coast . 26  ®  .27 

German  Crop,  1910 . 50  @  .54 


CIDER  VINEGAR 

fc 

New  York  jobbing  prices  for  single  bar¬ 
rel  lots.  Very  little  vinegar  good  enough 
for  top  quotations  is  offered. 


Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 22  ®  .24 

Standard  Grade . 13  @  ,15 

DRIED  FRUITS 

Evaporated  apple  market  very  firm.  Pri¬ 
mary  New  York  State  markets  strong. 

Apples,  evap.  prime . 13  @  14)6 

Evap.,  com.  to  good . 06  ©  .12 

Cores  and  Skins . 07  ®  .07)6 

Raspberries . 29  ©  .32)6 

Cherries . 14  ®  .17 

FRESH  FRUITS 


Barrel  stock  of  all  apples  nearly  gone. 
Peaches  meeting  a  fair  trade,  mostly  un¬ 
der  $2.  Strawberry  market  weak,  owing  to 
surplus  of  low  grades.  Raspberries  and 
huckleberries  lower.  Watermelons  scarce 
and  higher. 


Apples,  Russet,  bbl . 3  00 

Baldwin .  4.00 

Ben  Davis . 3.50 

spy . 4.00 

W estern — 

Newtown,  box .  1 .75 

Winesap,  box.  .  2  00 

Gano.  box  .  I.75 

Pears,  Southern,  Le  Conte,  bbl .  7.00 

Strawberries,  up-river,  qt . . 07 

Del.  and  Md.,  qt . 03 

Jersey,  qt . 07 

Peaches,  Ga.,  carrier .  1.25 

Cherries,  lb .  05 

Muskmelons,  Fla,,  crate .  L00 

California,  crate .  1  50 

Watermelons,  Fla.,  100  . 25.00 

Plums,  Ga.,  carrier .  i.75 

Huckleberries,  N.  C.,  qt . 08 

Jersey  and  Pa . HI 

Blackberries,  qt . ']() 

Raspberries,  red,  pint  . .08 

Gooseberries,  qt .  07 


@ 

4.00 

@ 

5.25 

@ 

0.00 

@ 

5.50 

@ 

2.50 

© 

2.75 

@ 

2.25 

© 

8.00 

@ 

.14 

@ 

.09 

@ 

.13 

a 

3.00 

@ 

.12 

© 

2.00 

@ 

3.00 

@50.00 

@ 

2.50 

© 

.12 

@ 

.15 

@ 

.12 

© 

.12 

@ 

.09 

THE  RURAE  NEW-YORKER 


VEGETA BLES 

New  potatoes  more  plentiful.  Old  stock 


scarce  and  very  firm.  Choice  peas  scarce. 
String  beans  lower.  Cucumbers  very  poor. 

Potatoes— N.  Y.  State,  180  lbs . 2.50  @  2.75 

Maine .  2.50  ®  2.87 

Southern,  new.  No.  I,  bbl .  4.00  ®  4.75 

Southern,  new.  No.  2,  bbl .  2.25  @  4.00 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bkt .  1.00  ©  2.00 

Asparagus,,  green,  f'ey .  2.50  ®  3.00 

White,  f’ey .  1.50  @  1.75 

Culis . 40  @  .75 

Beets,  new,  100  bunches .  1.00  ®  3.00 

Carrots,  bbl .  2.00  @  3.00 

Southern,  new.  100  bunches .  1.00  ®  2.00 

Cabbage— New.  Southern,  bbl .  1.00  ®  2.25 

Sweet  Corn,  Southern.  100 .  1.00  ®  2.00 

Cucumbers.  Southern,  bu . 50  ®  1.50 

Lettuce,  )6-bbi.  bkt . 50  ©  .75 

Peppers,  Southern,  bu . LOO  ®  1.25 

Horseradish,  100  lbs .  3.00  @  5.00 

Okra.  Fla.  Carrier  .  1.00  ©  3.00 

Onions,  Texas,  new,  crate . 1.00  ®  2.00 

Bermuda,  crate .  1.75  ®  1.85 

Egyptian,  bag .  2.00  @  3.00 

Jersey,  bu . 75  @1.25 

Peas,  State,  bu .  1.25  @  2.25 

Jersey,  bu .  l.oo  ®  1.75 

Radi8hes,100  bunches . 35  @  .75 

Rhubarb,  100  bur.ches . 50  @  1.00 

String  Beans,  bu .  1.00  @2.00 

Spinach,  bbl . 50  @  1.00 

Squasn,  bbl .  LOO  ®  2.00 

New,  bu . 50  ®  .75 

Turnips,  Rutabaga,  bbl .  1.50  @2.50 

White,  bbl .  1.00  @2.00 

Leeks,  100  bunches .  1.00  @  2.00 

Egg  Plants.  Fla.,  box .  1.00  @  1.75 

Tomatoes,  Fla.  crate .  1.00  @  3.00 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Supplies  heavy  and  business  only  mod¬ 
erately  active. 

Chickens,  Broilers,  lb . 22  @  .24 

Fowls . 13  r<£  .14 

Roosters . 08  ©  .10 

Ducks . li  ©  .12 

Geese .  .08  @  .09 

Turkeys . 12  ®  .15 

DRESSED  POULTRY— Fresh  Killed 
Fowls  rather  scarce  and  market  firm  on 
tlie  better  grades.  Broilers  mainly  small 
and  of  poor  quality. 

Turkeys,  best . 14  @  15 

Common  to  Good . 13  @  .14 

Chickens,  fancy  broilers,  lb .  35  @  .40 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 25  @  .30 

Fowls .  13  @  .15 

Spring  Ducks,  lb  . 13  @  .14 

Squabs,  doz .  1.75  @  3.50 


AILING  ANIMALS. 

Stumbling. 

Two  years  ago  I  bought  a  horse.  Shortly 
after  I  noticed  a  little  cavity  in  his 
shoulder,  since  then  ho  has  been  lame  a 
time  or  two.  I  rubbed  it  with  fish  pickle, 
also  vinegar  and  salt.  He  is  not  lame  at 
present  but  the  cavity  is  there  and  he 
stumbles  a  good  deal.  What  can  I  do  for 
him?  r.  m. 

New  York. 

The  little  cavity  is  unimportant  and 
not  likely  the  cause  of  the  lameness  or 
stumbling.  We  suspect  that  the  trouble 
is  located  in  the  foot  and  if  you  can  find 
nothing  and  cannot  employ  a  graduate  vet¬ 
erinarian  it  might  he  well  to  experiment  by 
clipping  off  the  hair  and  blistering  the 
hoof-head  with  cerate  of  cantbarides.  If 
the  first  blistering  does  some  good,  blister 
again  in  two  or  three  weeks.  a.  s.  a. 

Sick  Cats. 

There  is  a  disease  among  our  cats  for 
which  I  would  like  the  name,  cause,  preven¬ 
tive  and  a  cure.  They  have  hard  lumps 
under  their  jaws  at  first  a  little  larger 
than  a  pea,  which  can  be  moved  around  on 
pressure.  These  gradually  grow  larger  and 
softer,  but  do  not  seem  to  break.  The 
cat  grows  poorer  and  fails  to  eat.  The 
throat  seemingly  is  either  very  sore  or 
paralyzed,  they  live  about  four  weeks,  and 
finally  seem  to  starve  to  death.  Several  of 
the  neighbors  are  losing  their  cats  in  the 
same  way,  and  as  mice  are  plentiful  we 
dislike  to  lose  them.  w.  w.  p. 

New  York. 

We  suspect  that  the  cats  are  dying  of 
tuberculosis  affecting  the  glands  of  the 
throat.  It  often  is  contracted  from  the  new 
milk  of  tuberculous  cows.  Where  cats  are 
dying  in  this  way  it  always  is  well  to  test 
the  cows  with  tuberculin.  It  would  bo  wise 
to  have  an  affected  cat  examined  by  an  ex¬ 
port  of  the  agricultural  experiment  station 
of  your  State.  a.  s.  a. 

Staggers. 


DRESSED  POULTRY- frozen 


Turkeys,  best . 22  @  .23 

Chickens,  milk-fed  broilers  .  22  @  .25 

Corn-fed  broilers . 18  @  .22 

Milk-fed  roasters . 17  @  .18)6 

Corn-fed  roasters . 15  @  .16)6 

Fowls . 12  @  .14 

Ducks,  best . 13  @  .14 

Common  to  good . 08  @  .12 

Geese . 07  ©  .11 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Medium  and  low  grades  in  heavy  supply. 

Day,  No.  1,  ton . 26.00  @  27.00 

No.  2 . 22.00  @  24.00 

No.  3 . 18.00  @  20.00 

Clover  Mixed . iS.OO  @  22  00 

Clover . 15.00  @  18.00 

Straw,  Rye . 12.00  @  13.00 

Oat  and  Wheat .  8.UU  @  9.00 


LIVE  STOCK 


Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 5.75  @  6.65 

Bulls . 3.75  @  4.75 

Cows .  1.50  @  4.50 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 6.50  ©  9.25 

Culls  . 6.00  @  6.00 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 2.00  ©  3.50 

Lambs .  4.50  @  7.25 

Hogs! .  6.30  ©  6.65 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.05  @  .. 

No.  2,  Red . 96  @  ... 

No.  1  Macaroni . 97  ©  .. 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 53  @  .60 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 43  @  ,45 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 98  ffl 


MILL  FEED 


Spring  Bran,  ton .  23.50  ®  24.00 

Standard  Middlings .  25.35  @  26.00 

Red  Dog .  27.50  @  28.25 

Hominy  Chop .  23.00  @  24.25 

Linseed  Meal . .  33.00  @  34.00 

Corn  Meal .  23.00  @  24.00 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  15.30 

Middling  Gulf .  15.55 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  14.50 

Good  Middling .  15.40 


WOOL 

NewYork  Fleeces,  Delaine,  unwashed 

Ohio  half  blood  combing . 

Kentucky,  three- fourths  blood . 

Michigan,  half  blood . 

TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadleaf-flller . 

Fine  wrappers  . . 

N.  Y.  State  Fillers . 

Fine  and  Selections . 

Ohio  Zimmer's  Spanish . 

Virginia  Dark  Luge . 

Dark  Leaf . . . 

Bright  Cutters . 

Penn,  broad  leaf  fillers . 


..  .22 

@ 

.23 

.  .24 

@ 

.25 

..  .23 

@ 

.25)6 

© 

.24 

.08 

@ 

.10 

© 

75 

.05 

@ 

.06 

.12 

@ 

.16 

.19 

@ 

.20 

.07 

© 

.09)6 

.10 

@ 

.20 

.12 

@ 

.30 

.10 

© 

.12 

r. — On 

page 

The  case  referred  $0  came  up  in  one  of  our 
State  courts,  and  it  was  decided  that  a 
wife  may  not  recover  money  damages  from 
her  husband  for  assault.  The  court  seemed 
to  consider  that  other  relief  was  more 
suitable.  For  instance,  doubtless  she  could 
have  him  put  under  bonds  to  keep  the 
peace,  could  have  him  fined  or  imprisoned, 
might  get  a  decree  of  separate  mainten¬ 
ance  or  of  divorce,  and  probably  would 
have  a  choice  of  other  remedies.  r. 


Kinks  in  Rope. — If  the  twist  can  be 
taken  out  of  a  rope  by  certain  ways  of 
coiling  it  I  would  like  to  know  how  it 
is  done.  I  cannot  do  it  from  the  short 
answer  given  on  page  624.  I  want  to  say 
to  N.  C.  and  others  that  use  soven-eighths- 
inch  rope  on  their  hay  carriers,  that  they 
use  too  large  a  rope ;  a  three-quarter-inch 
rope  will  not  twist  nearly  so  much,  it  will 
last  longer,  it  is  cheaper  and  easier  to 
handle.  I  wore  out  a  seven  oighths-ineh 
rope  eaefi  year  fo  six  years.  Last  Spring  I 
read  somewhere  that  a  three-quarter-inch 
rope  was  better.  I  had  my  doubts,  but  I 
got  the  small  rope.  I  put  about  75  tons 
of  hay  last  year,  and  when  I  put  my  rope 
away  there  was  not  a  bad  place  in  it.  We 
pull  up  about  1,500  pounds  at  a  load.  A 
seven-eighths-inc'n  rope  with  a  heavy  load 
attached  to  it  passing  around  a  small  pul¬ 
ley  breaks  the  outer  strands. 

Washington.  p.  l.  pfarr. 


It.  N.-Y. — The  latest  advice  we  have  is  to 
boil  the  rope  thoroughly.  This  is  said  to 
take  the  kink  or  twist  out  of  it  perman¬ 
ently. 


I  have  a  horse  which  seemed  to  choke  in 
the  collar  when  used  at  work  where  the 
draft  was  heavy.  This  occurred  several 
times.  lie  would  recover  at  once  when 
rested.  As  the  weather  became  hotter  he 
was  troubled  more,  and  of  late  he  acts 
somewhat  as  if  he  had  a  slight  attack  of 
staggers.  We  have  been  unable  to  adjust 
collar  so  that  it  will  not  give  pressure  on 
windpipe.  His  shoulders  slope  backward 
unusually.  He  wants  to  pull  to  right  side 
of  road  very  often,  and  always  when  one  of 
the  spells  come  on.  In  one  or  two  instances 
he  seemed  to  lose  control  of  himself,  would 
step  high,  wanted  to  walk  faster  than  usual, 
and  when  brought  to  rest  would  tremble 
and  quiver.  This  last  condition  occurred  at 
ordinary  work.  His  appetite  is  good,  and 
he  is  in  fair  flesh.  Will  you  please  advise 
treatment? 

Connecticut. 

It  will  be  necessary  to  work  this  horse 
in  a  breast  collar  or  humane  collar.  Do  not 
let  him  stand  a  single  day  idle  in  the  stable. 
If  there  is  no  work  for  him  to  do  turn  him 
out  in  the  lot  and  cut  down  the  grain  ration. 
Such  attacks  are  often  brought  on  by  in¬ 
digestion  and  plethora,  from  heavy  feed¬ 
ing-  A.  s.  A. 

Spavin. 

My  horse  has  been  coming  out  of  the 
stable  in  the  morning  a  little  lame  in  its 
right  hind  leg,  does  not  limp,  but  drags  his 
toe  just  a  little  as  he  steps.  After  a  while 
it  seems  to  get  all  right.  A  week  ago  I 
turned  him  out  to  pasture  with  his  mate, 
who  likes  to  run  and  chase  him.  After 
turning  them  loose  they  capered  a  little  and 
I  left  them.  Later  I  found  this  horse 
holding  his  leg  up.  It  trembled  and  he 
limped  some.  Next  morning  it  was  quite 
swollen  about  the  hock.  I  have  bathed  it 
with  cold  water  and  put  iodine  on  it. 
Later  I  used  horse  liniment,  made  of  one 
pint  turpentine,  one  ounce  gum  camphor, 
one  ounce  corrosive  sublimate.  What  prob¬ 
ably  ails  this  horse?  Is  this  a  good  and 
safe  liniment?  It  is  very  powerful,  makes 
him  dance.  It  made  a  watery,  sticky  sub¬ 
stance  ooze  from  his  leg.  r.  l.  p. 

New  Jersey. 

The  symptoms  indicate  spavin  of  the 
hock  joint ;  but  there  may  be  a  sprain  or 
strain  of  the  hock  joint.  The  treatment 
is  quite  unsuitable  and  the  liuiment  far  too 
strong.  It  is  a  barbarous  concoction,  caus¬ 
ing  excessive  pain  and  unnecessary  blister¬ 
ing.  As  you  have  severely  blistered  the 
joint  simply  soothe  the  parts  by  applying 
vaseline  daily.  If  a  spavin  is  present  it 
will  need  treatment  by  the  graduate  veter¬ 
inarian,  followed  by  a  prolonged  rest. 

A.  s.  A. 

Thin  Ram. 

Last  Summer  I  bought  a  purebred  Shrop¬ 
shire  ram.  In  the  Winter  he  commenced 
to  get  very  thin  and  is  so  still.  I  thought 
he  would  fatten  up  when  turned  out  to 
pasture  but  he  seems  to  be  getting  worse 
and  acts  quite  feeble.  A  few  days  ago  I 
gave  him  a  dose  of  one  per  cent  solution  of 
coal  tar  creosote  thinking  he  had  stomach 
worms  and  he  seemed  better  for  a  day  or 
two  but  now  is  the  same  -as  he  was  before. 
Some  time  ago  he  developed  a  swelling 
under  his  lower  jaw.  It  seems  entirely  on 
the  skin  and  gets  very  large  then  nearly 
disappears,  but  as  he  seems  to  be  no  better 
am  afraid  I  shall  lose  him.  If  you  could 
give  me  any  suggestions  or  tell  me  his 
trouble  I  would  be  very  grateful,  j.  b.  p. 

New  Jersey. 

We  think  it  most  likely  that  intestinal 
worms  are  causing  the  emaciation.  The 
swelling  under  the  jaws  is  dropsical  and  the 
common  symptom  of  anemia  (bloodlessness) 
due  to  worms.  Give  him  half  an  ounce  of 
gasoline  shaken  up  in  half  a  pint  of  new 
milk  and  repeat  in  two  or  three  days  and 
later  on  ff  required.  There  is  great  danger, 
however,  that  the  ram  will  die  and  that 
rough  handling  or  choking  might  hasten 
death.  Feed  whole  oats  and  bran  in  ad¬ 
dition  to  hay  and  grass.  Twice  daily  in 
feed  mix  a  teaspoonful  of  a  mixture  of  two 
parts  salt  and  one  part  each  of  dried  sul¬ 
phate  of  iron  and  ground  gentian  root. 

A.  s.  A. 


Cow-Ease- 

Kills  Ticks. 

KEEPS 
FLIES  OFF 

Cattle  and  Horses 

and  allows  cows  to  feed  in  peace,  making 
More  Milk  and  More  Money  for  you. 
A  clean,  harmless  liquid  preparation,  ap- 
^  ICj*  a  sprayer.  Keeps  cows  in  good 
condition  and  saves  five  times  its  cost  in 
extra  milk. 

TRIAL  OFFER 

If  your  dealer  cannot  supply 
you,  send  us  his  name  and 
$1.25,  and  we  will  deliver 
prepaid  to  your  address  1  -2 
gallon  can  of  COW-EASE, 
and  SPRAYER  for  apply. 

For  West  of  Missouri  < 

Krver  and  for  Canada,  above 
Tnal  Offer,  $1.50. 

n  °r  Money  Back. 

CARPENTER- MORTON  CO. 

BOSTON,  MASS. 


JERSEY  BULL  CALF-S~.ZSSbS!. 

3  mos.  Reasonable.  A.  M.  DAVIS,  Trooper,  Pa 

nhpstpr  Whifpc  Enquiries  promptly  answered 
GllGolCI  ? V  111 l Co  EUtiENE  t.  Black,  Scio,  N.  Y 

'  OAKWOOD  FARM  Celebrated  < 

RHODE  ISLAND  REDS  and  < 
WHITE  LEGHORNS  : 

'  Full  grown  birds . $2.00  each  * 

*  Chicks........ . 16  each  < 

'  Eight  week  old  pullets .  1 .00  each  < 

*  Eggs . 2.50  per  setting  * 

’  Address  OAKWGOD  FARM,  Tallmans,  Rockland  Co.,  N.Y.  ’ 

WANTED,  A  PEA  SHELLER 

To  Shell  Green  Peas  for  market. 

GEO.  BAYER  &  SON,  2558  Fulton  Street,  TOLEDO,  OHIO. 

IAIE  SELL  FARMS  in  Oceana,  best  County  in  U.  S. 
II  Fruit,  Alfalfa,  Grain, Vegetables,  Stock,  Poul¬ 
try.  J.  D.  S.  HANSON  &  SON.  Hart,  Mich. 

Now  Yovjf  Sfutp  Fsntic  All  sizes  and  in 
new  iorK  oiare  rarms  nearly  all  parts  of 

the  State.  Catalog  free  to  parties  intending  to  buy. 
NORTHERN  REALTY  CO.,  Syracuse,  NewYork. 

IRfl  Farms  FDR  SALE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
I  0  U  1  G 1  Ill O  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  HORACE  G.  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa. 

FAR  Q  A  J  C— If  you  want  the  best  farms  for  the 
i  uu  UflLL  money,  send  for  our  large  free  catalog. 
HALL’S  FARM  AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.,  N.Y. 

W ANTED  —  A  Working  Farmer;  married;  no 
T  T  small  children;  who  understands  and  can  run 
improved  farm  machinery  and  gasolene  engine. 
One  who  does  not  think  it  too  much  trouble  to  do 
small  things.  Good  treatment  on  both  sides  assured 
and  required.  Give  reference.  Position  open  early 
Fall.  Reply  T.  F.  C.,  care  Rural  New-Yorker. 

Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  CO.,  Com¬ 
mission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York. 

D  LEASE  semi  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com* 
1  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter, 
Eggs,  Poultry,  Pork,  Calves,  Hay,  Grain.  Beans, 

Appies,  etc.  E.  I!.  WOOD  WARD,  3ua  Greenwich  St.,  N.Y, 

Boston  Produce  Go. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St,,  -  Boston. 

BOOKS  WORTH  BUYING 


American  Fruit  Culturist,  Thomas. ...  $2.50 


Bush  Fruits,  Card .  1.50 

Principles  of  Fruit  Growing,  Bailey..  1.50 
Successful  Fruit  Culture,  Maynard.  .  .  .  1.00 

Dwarf  Fruit  Trees,  Waugh . 50 

Plums  and  Plum  Culture,  Waugh....  1.50 

Pruning  Book,  Bailey .  1.50 

Nursery  Book,  Bailey . 1.50 

Spraying  of  Plants.  Lodcman .  1.25 

Plant  Breeding,  Bailey .  1.25 

Evolution  of  Our  Native  Fruits,  Bailey  2.00 

Survival  of  The  Unlike,  Bailey .  2.00 

Horticulturists’  Rule  Book,  Bailey . 75 

The  Soil,  King .  1.50 

Soils,  Hilgard  .  4.00 

Fertility  of  the  Land.  Roberts .  1.50 

Irrigation  and  Drainage,  King .  1.50 

Fertilizers,  Voorhees  .  1.25 

Agriculture  and  Chemistry,  Storer,  3 

vols .  5.00 

Forage  Crops,  Voorhees .  1.50 

Principles  of  Agriculture,  Bailey .  1.25 

Garden  Making,  Bailey .  1.50 

Vegetable  Gardening,  Bailey .  1.50 

Forcing  Book,  Bailey .  1.25 

How  Crops  Grow,  Johnson .  1.50 

How  Crops  Feed,  Johnson .  1.50 

Cereals  in  America,  Hunt .  1.75 

Fr-oge  and  Fiber  Crops  in  America, 

Hunt  .  1.75 

Book  of  Alfalfa,  Coburn .  2.00 

Farm  Grasses  in  United  States,  Spill¬ 
man  .  1.00 

Clovers  and  IIow  to  Grow  Them,  Shaw  1.00 

The  Potato,  Fraser  . 75 

Tomato  Culture,  Tracy . 50 

Celery  Culture,  Beattie . 50 

Bean  Culture,  Sevey . 50 

Asparagus,  Hexamer  . 50 

Mushrooms,  Falconer  .  i.OO 

New  Rhubarb,  Culture,  Morse . 50 

Greenhouse  Construction,  Taft .  1.50 

Greenhouse  Management.  Taft .  1.50 

Our  Insect  Friends  and  Enemies,  Smith  1.50 

Economic  Entomology,  Smith .  2.50 

Vinegar  and  Acetates,  Brannt .  5.00 

Feeds  and  Feedings,  Henry .  2.25 

A  B  C  of  Bee  Culture,  Root .  1.50 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

409  PEARL  ST.,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


732 


5PHB  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


July  1,  1911. 


SAVE  HALF  Your 

Paint  Bills 

By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT— proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 
Only  Paint  endorsed  by  the  “Grange.” 
Made  in  all  colors, — for  all  purposes. 
DELIVERED  FREE. 

From  the  Mill  Direct  to  You  at  Factory  Prices. 

INQERSOLL  PAINT  BOOK  — FREE 

Tolls  all  about  Paint  and  Painting  Durability. 
How  to  avoid  trouble  and  expense  caused  by  paint* 
fading,  chalking  and  peeling.  Valuable  information 
free  to  you.  with  Sample  Color  Cards.  Write  me.  DO 
IT  NOW.  I  can  lave  you  money. 

0.  W.  Ingersoll,  24b  Plymouth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.V. 

TiUYourSnoFirstl 

Pay  Afterwards 

I  We  want  to  prove  to  you  that  our  machine* 
are  a  good  investment  before  you  give  up 
your  money.  We  know  they  are  so  good  that 
[we  do  not  fool  it  a  risk  to 

make  this  offer.  Just  tell  SI  In  our 
us  your  needs.  11  61st 

Year 


SILOFILLINO 
MACHINERY] 

h»f<51  years'experience  behind  it— more  experience 
than  any  other  machinery  of  it*  kind  made.  It  haa 
thouiands  of  enthusiastic  owner*  in  every  dairy  and 
intensive  farming  district  in  the  V.  S.  It  is  not  only 

FULLY  GUARANTEED 

to  bt  fr*«  from  defetts  at  all  times  but  alio  to  bo 
the  strongest,  most  durable  and  modern  of  any- 
manufactured.  Our  offer  will  help  you  to  deter¬ 
mine  this  before  you  buy.  Aik  an  expert's  advice  if 
you  care  to. 

Our  large  free  catalog  shows  our  complete  line. 
Write  for  it. 

E.  W.  ROSS  CO. Box  IS  Springfield,  Ohio  ] 

We  al.o  manufacture  the  Ross  Silo 

A  complete  stock  of  machines  and  repairs  carried 
with  The  Fairbanks  Co..  Syracuse.  N.Y.,  Mallalicu 
A  Conrey,  Philadelphia,  l’a.,  Brinton  &  Worth, 
West  Chester  Pa.. Fred  B.  Fuller, Gouvcrneur.N.Y. 


Continuous-Opening,  Braced 
Door-Frame,  Permanent 
Ladder,  Interchangeable 
Doors,  Lightest  and 
Tightest  Doors. 
Strongest  Hoops, 
Best  Materials, 
Three  Styles,  Five 
kinds  of  Lum¬ 
ber,  a  hundred 
other  advan¬ 
tages.  All 
described 
in  our 
Cata- 


Our 
Silo 
Catalog 
contains 
the  latest 
Information 
about  Silos. 

We  invented 
the  Modem  Silo 
and  have  led  the 
way  in  improve¬ 
ments.  We  offerthe 
largest  variety  of 
styles  and  sizes.  Send 
for  our  catalog  of  Silos 
and  Silo  Fillers.  “  The 
kind  Uncle  Sam  uses.” 

Harder  Mfg.  Company 

BOX  I  I  COBLCSKILL,  N.Y. 


log. 


THE  UNADILLA  SILO 

THE  SENSATION  OF  THE 
AGRICULTURAL  WORLD. 

Write  for  our  “TWENTY 
FIVE  REASONS”  why  it  is  in 
a  class  by  itself. 

We  also  manufacture  Farm 
Water  Tubs  and  are  New  Eng¬ 
land  representatives  for  Papec 
Cutters  and  are  in  position  to 
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inquiry.  Extra  discount  for 
early  orders.  Agents  wanted. 


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A 


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25  Distributing  Points  in  U.  S. 
PAPEC  MACHINE  CO. 

Box  10  Shortsville.  N.  Y. 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4106. 


NEW  YORK,  JULY  8,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR 


COST  OF  GROWING  NEW  YORK  APPLES. 

I  have  watched  with  a  great  deal  of  interest  the 
campaign  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  for  more  light  on  the  cost 
of  producing  various  farm  crops.  It  has  already  re¬ 
sulted  in  a  great  many  valuable  figures.  The  value  of 
isuch  figures  is  measured  by  the  accuracy  with  which 
they  are  made,  the  completeness  with  which  they 
are  presented  and  by  whether  they  represent  average 
conditions  or  not. 

As  I  have  long  been  interested  in  this  phase  of 
farming,  and  particularly  in  fruit  growing,  which  is 
our  specialty,  and  as  no  very  complete  records  have 
yet  been  presented  on  the  cost  of  apple  production,  I 
am  minded  to  give  these  costs  on  our  farm  in  Mon¬ 
roe  County,  New  York.  They  should  be  taken  at 
their  face  value,  as  a  true  record  on 
this  particular  orchard  and  under  our 
own  conditions.  They  are  not  given 
as  an  average  cost  but  as  our  average 
cost.  And  yet  I  cannot  but  feel  that 
they  come  very  close  to  the  general 
average  of  the  section,  because  the  or¬ 
chard  is  a  very  ordinary  one,  no  nearef 
the  best  than  it  is  the  worst  in  the 
county.  The  records,  too,  are  as  ac¬ 
curate  and  as  complete  as  we  know  how 
to  make  them,  and  we  have  had  the 
assistance  of  Mr.  E.  H.  Thompson,  of 
the  Section  of  Farm  Records  of  the 
Office  of  Farm  Management,  in  the  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture  at  Washington, 

D.  C. 

There  are  a  great  many  factors  which 
enter  into  the  cost  of  producing  a  barrel 
of  apples,  some  of  which  are  not  usually 
taken  into  account  in  reckoning  this 
cost.  As  these  factors  vary,  so  will  the 
cost  of  production  vary.  We  naturally 
think  first  of  the  labor  cost  involved, 
as  this  is  one  of  the  largest  items.  The 
orchard  must  be  pruned,  plowed  and 
cultivated  until  midsummer  and  a  cover 
crop  sown.  The  trees  must  be  sprayed 
two  or  three  times,  and  finally  the  fruit 
harvested  and  marketed.  The  apple  re¬ 
quires  constant  and  careful  attention 
from  bud  to  barrel,  and  all  this  means 
labor  and  money.  Then  there  are  the 
cash  costs  which  must  be  considered, 
the  fertilizer  or  manure  applied  if  any, 
the  package  and  the  spray  material. 

Lastly  we  must  not  forget  .the  large 
items  of  cost  which  are  so  frequently 
omitted,  a  reasonable  rate  of  interest  on 
the  investment  in  the  land  and  in  the 
equipment  to  handle  it,  and  the  over¬ 
head  charges,  such  as  land  and  school 
taxes  and  insurance  on  the  buildings. 

Our  orchard  consists  of  6.1  acres 
containing  234  trees.  About  one- 
half  of  the  trees,  or  110,  are  36 
years  old.  The  remainder  are  nearly 
50  years  of  age.  As  they  are  all  in 
one  block  and  handled  together  the 
charges  cannot  well  be  separated ;  134 
of  the  trees  are  Baldwin,  44  Twenty 
Ounce,  40  Tompkins  County  King, 
and  the  remainder  odd  varieties.  For 
the  last  nine  years,  or  since  1902,  the 
orchard  has  had  good  care  and  atten¬ 
tion.  The  records,  given  at  the  top  of 
next  column,  cover  this  period : 


TABLE  SHOWING  THE  ITEMS  OP  EXPENSE  IN  PKODUC1NG  APPLES  IN  A 
SIX-ACRE  ORCHARD  IN  WESTERN  NEW  YORK. 


Year 

Cover 

Spray 

Barrels 

5 ah  lilt. 

Equipm’t  Oveih’d 

I^abor 

Total 

Crop 

Mat’! 

on  .Land 

Charge 

Charge 

Cost 

Co8t 

1992 

$6.04 

$117.88 

$27.45 

$25.00 

$2.97 

$339.15 

$519.39 

1903 

1 1 .22 

1G4 .92 

28.98 

25.00 

2.88 

249.55 

482.56 

19(14 

10.50 

109.90 

30.50 

25.00 

3.93 

180.56 

360  38 

1905 

6.10 

12.45 

88.80 

30.60 

25.00 

3  40 

158.06 

324.31 

1900 

14.83 

112.35 

33.06 

25.00 

4.78 

211.76 

401. SO 

1907 

10.00 

10.86 

79.80 

35.56 

25.00 

4.89 

192.30 

304  40 

19(18 

9.75 

205.45 

37.76 

30.09 

7.09 

293.50 

583.55 

19u9 

8.G8 

19.2G 

196.36 

41.97 

38.98 

5.91 

280.78 

591.93 

1910 

23.89 

116.90 

45.75 

32.39 

5.58 

175.26 

399,77 

8-yr.  Average 

$13.94 

S132-.73 

$34.61 

$27.93 

$4.60 

$231.25 

$447.57 

Avg.  per  acre, 

2.28 

21.76 

5.67 

4.58 

.75 

37.91 

73.38 

Avg.  per  bbl., 

.034 

.325 

.084 

.068 

.011 

.565 

1.10 

A  cover  crop  was  not  sown  every  year.  When 
sown  the  charge  was  made  against  the  orchard.  The 
value  of  the  manure  applied  is  the  only  thing  lacking 
in  this  table.  This  is  omitted  because  there  is  some 
uncertainty  as  to  the  amount,  and  more  as  to  its  real 


value.  It  was  applied  once  in  three  years — three  ap¬ 
plications  during  the  period — at  the  rate  of  about 
12  loads  per  acre.  If  we  assume  that  225  loads  have 
been  applied  in  the  period  and  that  the  value  was  $1 
per  load  (the  cost  of  hauling  is  included  in  the  labor 
charges),  a  charge  of  $25  per  year  should  be  added, 
which  amounts  to  $4.10  per  acre  and  six  cents  per 
barrel. 

Two  or  three  sprayings  have  been  made  every  year. 
Until  1909  Bordeaux  mixture  and  Paris  green  were 
used.  Since  then  the  commercial  brands  of  lime  sul¬ 
phur  and  arsenate  of  lead  have  been  used,  nearly 
doubling  the  cost  of  the  spray  material.  The  aver¬ 
age  cost  of  the  material  for  spraying  has  been  $2.23 
per  acre  or  nearly  V/z  cents  per  barrel  of  apples  har¬ 
vested.  In  1910  this  cost  was  $3.92  per 
acre  and  seven  cents  a  barrel.  The  cost 
of  the  package  has  varied  from  28  to 
38  cents,  and  averaged  32)4  cents  or 
$21.76  per  acre. 

Interest  has  been  figured  at  five  cents 
in  all  cases,  but  as  the  price  of  the  land 
has  varied  from  $90  at  the  beginning 
of  the  period  to  its  present  valuation  of 
$150  per  acre,  due  to  its  improvement 
and  the  general  increase  in  the  price 
of  land,  the  amount  of  interest  has  also 
varied.  The  same  is  true  of  the  equip¬ 
ment  charge,  which  has  also  increased 
each  year.  The  average  valuation  of 
the  land  for  the  nine  year  period  was 
$113.50.  This  means  an  annual  interest 
charge  per  acre  of  $5.67  or  &l/2  cents 
per  barrel.  The  equipment  charge, 
which  is  interest,  repairs  and  deprecia¬ 
tion  on  the  machinery  used  in  the  or¬ 
chard,  amounts  to  more  than  6)4  cents 
per  barrel  or  $4.58  per  acre.  Taxes 
and  insurance  on  the  buildings  distri¬ 
buted  per  acre  for  the  farm,  averaged 
75  cents  per  acre  or  a  trifle  over  a 
cent  per  barrel. 

Fig.  267.  Labor  is  the  largest  single  item.  For 

the  first  three  years  this  was  estimated 
on  the  basis  of  the  cost  for  the  last  five 
years  for  which  more  careful  records 
were  kept.  This  labor  is  computed  at 
its  actual  cost  to  us  on  the  farm.  The 
rates  per  hour  were  15)4  cents  for  men 
and  13)4  cents  for  horses.  The  rate  per 
hour  of  the  man  labor  was  obtained  by 
dividing  the  total  amount  of  money 
paid  for  labor  plus  the  cost  of  the  board, 
by  the  total  number  of  hours  worked  on 
the  farm  during  the  year.  In  the  case 
of  the  horses  a  fixed  charge  of  $10  a 
month  or  $120  a  year  was  made,  and 
this  amount  divided  by  the  number  of 
hours  the  horses  worked,  gave  the  rate 
per  hour.  These  charges  amount  to 
$4.25  a  day  for  man  and  team,  'The. 
cost  of  the  labor  to  grow,  pick  and 
market  a  barrel  of  apples  was  56)4  cents, 
or  $37.91  cents  per  acre  with  an  aver-, 
age  yield  of  67  barrels  per  acre. 

To  sum  up  these  items  of  cost  we  find 
that,  taking  the  average  of  nine  years, 
with  an  annual  crop  of  409  barrels  or  67 
per  acre,  on  6.1  acres  of  old  apple  or¬ 
chard,  that  spray  material  costs  $.034 
per  barrel ;  packages,  $.325 ;  interest  on 
the  land,  $.84;  use  of  equipment,  $.968; 


THE  ORCHARD  WHERE  FIGURES  WERE  TAKEN. 


PICKING  AND  PACKING  THE  APPLES.  Fig.  268. 


734 


MR  fcO  RURAI-  NEW-YORKER 


July  8, 


taxes,  etc.,  $.011;  labor,  $.565,  or  a  total  of  $1.10  per 
barrel.  If  the  estimated  cost  of  the  manure,  six 
cents,  be  added,  the  total  will  be  $1.16.  This  cost,  of 
course,  varies  with  the  size  of  the  crop.  When  our 
yield  was  102  barrels  per  acre  the  cost  per  barrel 
was  only  $.83.  When  it  was  35  barrels  per  acre  the 
cost  per  barrel  rose  to  $1.73.  In  1910  we  grew  a  crop 
of  55  barrels  per  acre  for  $1.20  per  barrel. 

To  put  it  in  another  way,  we  could  grow  and  de¬ 
liver  on  board  the  cars  at  our  station  a  barrel  of 
apples  for  from  $1  to  $1.25  with  an  average  crop 
under  average  conditions.  In  doing  this  we  would 
expect  to  make  five  per  cent  on  the  capital  invested 
and  to  receive  fair  wages  for  our  labor.  In  addition 
to  this  we  should  have  all  the  culls  and  the  windfall 
apples  to  sell  at  a  clear  profit,  for  the  cost  of  pro¬ 
ducing  and  handling  these  has  been  included  in  the 
costs  given  above,  as  it  could  not  well  be  separated. 
These  have  amounted  to  an  average  of  29  cents  per 
barrel  in  the  last  nine  years.  To  reduce  the  matter 
to  a  still  lower  basis,  we  think  that  our  experience 
has  shown  that  we  can  expect  to  grow  and  sell  a 
barrel  of  apples  for  90  cents,  and  pay  all  expenses 
connected  with  its  production. 

We  would  not  agree  to  do  this,  however,  for  sev¬ 
eral  reasons.  In  this  account  no  reckoning  has  been 
made  of  the  cost  of  bringing  this  orchard  to  bearing 
and  to  its  present  state  of  productivity,  so  that  $150 
per  acre  is  probably  less  than  the  actual  cost  of  the 
orchard.  We  do  not  know  how  much  this  cost  is, 
although  we  are  now  keeping  records  on  some 
younger  orchards  in  an  effort  to  get  some  light  on 
the  subject.  Moreover,  there  are  too  many  risks  in 
a  long-time  investment  of  this  nature,  which  have  not 
been  taken  into  account,  such  as  a  decline  in  the 
price  because  of  over-production,  heavy  winds  and  hail 
storms,  which  may  destroy  not  only  the  crop  but  the 
trees  also,  aad  the  depredations  of  old  or  new  insect 
pests  or  fungus  diseases  which  are  difficult  to  con¬ 
trol.  All  these  risks  demand  a  much  larger  rate  of 
interest  than  five  per  cent,  to  make  it  pay  for  a  per¬ 
son  to  make  such  an  investment  for  a  period  which 
cannot  well  be  less  than  50  years.  M.  c.  burritt. 

QUESTIONS  ABOUT  HAIRY  VETCH. 

1.  I  have  about  two  acres  in  vetch  (Winter)  that  I 
sowed  for  soiling.  It  is  in  bloom  now,  and  if  I  cut  it  will 
it  make  a  second  growth?  2.  If  I  cut  it  now  will  it  come 
up  again  next  Spring?  3.  If  I  let  it  go  to  seed  and  do  not 
cut  it  will  it  die  or  come  again  next  year?  h.  k. 

Lowell,  W.  Va. 

1.  We  have  tried  cutting  Hairy  vetch  crops  while 
in  bloom  for  hay,  expecting  to  get  a  second  or  seed 
crop.  Our  experience  has  been  that  we  failed  to  get 
a  successful  second  crop.  The  plants  that  did  survive 
and  make  a  second  growth  matured  fine  seed,  but 
there  was  not  enough  of  it  to  pay  for  work  of  har¬ 
vesting.  It  is  reported  on  fairly  good  authority  that 
in  some  sections  of  Europe  this  practice  is  followed* 
with  good  results.  If  it  could  be  done  here  it  would 
largely  solve  the  problem  of  seed  production.  I 
would  advise  experimenting  with  this  method,  using 
a  small  patch  for  the  trial. 

2.  Some  of  the  vetch  plants  live  over  and  grow  the 
second  season,  and  perhaps  for  more  than  two  sea¬ 
sons.  I  have  followed  several  plants  through  two 
seasons,  finding  large  tubercles  on  the  roots  the  second 
season,  clusters  that  were  as  large  as  walnuts.  It  is 
not  practicable,  however,  to  depend  on  this  method, 

I  believe,  and  would  recommend  annual  seedings  for 
practical  purposes.  It  might  be  interesting  to  follow 
up  some  few  plants  of  this  character  and  use  them  for 
experimental  breeding  purposes.  Where  the  plants 
are  allowed  to  seed,  a  fair  crop  is  usually  found  in 
the  vetch  fields  the  second  season,  the  result  of  self- 
seeding.  If  the  crop  is  not  allowed  to  seed,  some  of 
the  vetch  seeds  of  the  first  sowing  frequently  do  not 
sprout  the  first  season,  owing  perhaps  to  the  hardness 
of  seed  coats,  and  grow  the  second  season. 

3.  As  stated  above,  vetch  under  favorable  condi¬ 

tions  will  self-seed  the  vetch  fields  fairly  well,  but 
this  practise  can  hardly  be  recommended  for  commer¬ 
cial  purposes.  These  opinions  are  simply  based  on 
personal  experience,  naturally  limited,  and  the  writer 
wishes  that  his  observations  were  wider  and  more 
valuable.  However,  the  writer  would  like  to  urge  ex¬ 
perimental  work  by  growers,  especially  with  methods 
of  saving  seed  of  the  Hairy  vetch  crop,  and  the  send¬ 
ing  of  results  of  these  experiments  to  agricultural 
papers  so  that  the  public  may  be  informed  of  progress 
along  this  line.  The  best  and  most  practical  methods 
of  seed  growing,  harvesting  and  thrashing  remain  to 
be  developed  as  a  result  of  experience  amongst  vetch 
growers.  _  A.  d.  SHAMEL. 

If  you  want  some  early  pansies  next  Spring,  sow  fresh 
seed  in  well-prepared  beds  in  the  open  ground  in  August. 
Damp  burlap,  spread  over  the  bed  until  the  little  plants 
show,  aids  germination,  and  shade  during  the  hottest  part 
of  the  day  is  helpful. 


AN  EARLY  START  FOR  CORN. 

The  photograph  shown  in  Fig.  269  was  taken  yesterday, 
June  18,  1911.  It  is  some  corn  that  came  up  in  a  hog 
lot  where  hogs  were  fed  last  Winter.  Why  cannot  we  plant 
corn  earlier  in  the  fields  or  Fall  plant  a  small  patch  for 
early  feed?  d.  E.  P. 

Adrian,  Mich. 

The  photograph  is  shown  at  Fig.  269.  While  or¬ 
dinary  corn  is  about  knee  high,  this  lot  .stands  above 
the  shoulders.  We  have  seen  corn  started  in  hot¬ 
beds  or  cold  frames  which  made  remarkable  growth. 
On  our  farm  to-day  sweet  corn  is  growing  near  the 
frame  where  the  onion  seedlings  were  started.  This 
corn  was  in  the  manure  and  is  twice  as  large  as  the 
seed  planted  in  the  garden.  We  often  plant  sweet 
corn  very  early — putting  a  small  quantity  of  horsd 
manure  in  the  hill,  covering  with  a  little  soil  and 
putting  the  seed  on  this.  Thus  we  have  a  small  hot¬ 
bed  in  each  hill.  The  seed  starts  early,  and  if  not 
cut  down  by  frost  the  stalks  make  rapid  growth.  In 
cold,  wet  soil  the  seed  often  rots.  Corn  is  more 
likely  to  decay  than  other  grains,  as  the  germ  has 
less  protection.  In  the  case  pictured  the  hog  lot  gave 
something  of  the  effect  of  a  hotbed  or  cold  frame. 
This  started  the  seed  early,  and  it  lived  through 
early  frosts.  Fall  planting  would  not  pay — the  seed 


SELF-SEEDED  MICHIGAN  CORN.  Fig.  269. 

would  be  killed.  If  any  of  our  readers  have  a  way 
of  getting  very  early  corn  we  would  like  to  know 
about  it.  _ 

ROOT  GALL  ON  NURSERY  TREES. 

What  is  your  practice  when  you  receive  nursery  trees 
showing  crown  or  root  gall?  Would  you  plant  them?  Our 
own  practice  is  to  reject  all  such  trees,  but  some  of  the 
nurserymen  insist  that  the  galls  are  . usually  harmless.  If 
you  have  had  experience  tell  us  what  you  have  found. 

If  there  were  any  great  amount  of  galls  on  trees  re¬ 
ceived  I  would  notify  sender  and  refuse  to  pay  for 
them.  I  will  not  plant  trees  with  crown  or  root  galls. 
I  planted  one  apple  tree  14  years  ago  with  root  gall, 
to  see  what  it  would  do.  It  is  alive  yet,  but  is  about 
one-sixth  the  size  of  others  planted  at  the  same  time. 

New  York.  .  j.  A.  hepworth. 

I  do  not  think  that  one  who  buys  and  pays  for 
good  trees  should  accept  gall-infested  stock.  Trees 
affected  with  root  or  crown  gall  quite  commonly  die 
after  planting,  although  they  may  start  off  well  and 
thrive  for  a  year  or  two.  By  not  being  able  to  be  at 
home  when  the  order  of  trees  was  received  and 
planted,  quite  a  number  of  gall-infected  trees  were 
set  on  the  writer’s  ground  the  past  Spring.  The  trees 
were  to  be  especially  selected  by  the  nurseryman  him¬ 
self,  and  nothing  but  clear  healthy  stock  included; 
but  the  arrangement  by  some  means  miscarried  and 
diseased  trees  found  their  way  jnto  the  shipment. 
The  nurserymen  upon  whose  premises  the  gall  has 
become  established  (and  there  are  places  where  it  can¬ 
not  be  found)  deserve  a  good  deal  of  real  sympathy, 
for  this  disease  causes  a  loss  of  thousands  of  trees 
each  year.  Even  when  trees  are  carefully  selected 
for  freedom  from  gall  they  are  quite  likely  to  de¬ 
velop  serious  cases  of  the  disease  after  transplanting. 
The  buyer,  however,  is  quite  justified  in  insisting  upon 
having  only  ‘clean  stock  included  in  his  order. 

Ohio.  F.  H.  BALLOU. 

I  do  not  want  trees  with  crown  gall,  and  were  I 
to  receive  a  lot  of  trees  so  affected  I  should  return 
them  forthwith,  and  if  the  nurseryman  thought  so 
highly  of  them,  he  might  set  them  himself.  I  never 


knew  one  to  do  so  knowingly.  Or  let  some  one  have 
them  who  was  young  and  could  afford  to  set  trees 
and  after  a  few  years  dig  them  out  because  they 
were  worthless,  and  then  start  over  again.  I  have 
seen  too  many  trees  dug  out  and  thrown  away  from 
this  disease  to  want  to  plant  any  of  it  myself.  On  the 
other  hand,  when  I  have  found  an  occasional  tree  so 
affected  I  have  simply  discarded  it,  believing  the  seller 
had  not  intended  to  send  them,  or  if  there  was  just  a 
slight  gall,  cut  it  out  and  plant  the  tree,  but  to  plant 
the  galls  on  the  trees  no  matter  how  small,  is  an  un¬ 
safe  thing  to  do,  even  when  trees  are  scarce. 

New  York.  e.  van  alstyne. 

This  brings  up  a  matter  that  I  have  had  prominently 
before  me  this  Spring,  both  through  experience  of  our 
own  and  that  of  some  of  our  friends.  By  all  means, 
I  would  reject  every  tree  that  shows  any  signs  of 
root  gall.  I  note  that  some  nurserymen  insist  that  the 
galls  are  harmless,  and  I  believe  they  have  a  recog¬ 
nized  educational  scheme  going  on,  for  I  strike  state¬ 
ments  made  by  different  nurserymen  on  this  subject 
which  bear  the  ear-marks  of  a  pre-arranged  plan. 
This  matter  has  gone  so  far  as  to  reach  some  of  our 
scientific  men  and  to  make  them  question  whether 
practical  danger  from  root  gall  is  really  very  great. 
We  have  had  enough  experience  along  this  line  to 
make  us  feel  strongly  in  the  matter,  having  lost  some 
trees  and  having  many  trees  here  and  there  through 
our  orchard  that  are  still  alive  but  of  small  value,  on 
account  of  this  disease.  The  nurseryman  from  whom 
we  usually  buy  has  been  very  careful  in  this  respect, 
and  would  not,  we  believe,  knowingly,  send  out  a  tree 
with  root  gall.  However,  I  received  50  trees  this 
Spring  from  one  of  the  largest  and  most  widely  ad¬ 
vertised  nursery  firms  in  the  country,  every  one  of 
which  had  a  well-developed  case  of  crown  gall,  which 
had  been  carefully  trimmed  away  with  a  sharp  knife 
and  covered  with  a  heavy  puddle  of  clay. 

Adams  Co.,  Pa.  c.  j.  tyson. 

My  experience  with  root  gall  and  crown  gall  has 
been  quite  limited.  About  18  or  20  years  ago  I  bought 
a  lot  of  apple  trees  that  had  a  number  affected  with 
one  or  the  other  of  these  troubles.  I  cut  the  galls  off 
the  roots  of  a  few  and  planted  them,  and  I  have  not 
noticed  any  bad  effects  since.  I  planted  two  that 
had  crown  gall,  and  although  I  have  given  them  extra 
care,  they  hav.e  never  done  any  good.  Sprouts  have 
came  up  from  the  crown  continually,  and  the  trees 
have  had  a  stunted  appearance  and  have  never  borne  a 
profitable  crop.  Because  of  the  poor  growth  of  these 
two  trees  I  have  never  planted  a  tree  affected  with 
crown  gall  since,  but  the  fact  is  I  cannot  recall  having 
found  any  among  the  trees  which  I  have  bought  dur¬ 
ing  the  past  10  years.  I  have  been  very  careful  to 
stipulate  the  kind  of  tree  I  want,  and  have  been  very 
well  treated  by  our  Pennsylvania  nurserymen. 

Pennsylvania.  gabriel  hiester. 

I  have  grown  nursery  stock  for  about  50  years*  and 
have  known  of  this  gall  nearly  all  this  time.  Some 
years  ago  I  selected  a  lot  of  these  trees  and  planted 
them  in  rows,  as  grown  in  the  nursery,  in  order  to 
watch  closely  the  effect  of  this  root  affection  on  the 
growth  of  the  trees  in  a  series  of  years.  The  trees 
so  planted  were  mainly  apple  and  crab,  and  were 
planted  in  a  young  cherry  orchard.  At  the  same  time 
about  10  years  ago  I  planted  500  of  these  trees  in  an 
orchard  by  the  side  of  an  orchard  not  affected,  plant¬ 
ing  the  affected  trees  by  themselves,  but  adjoining  the 
other  trees,  and  in  the  same  kind  of  soil.  From 
time  to  time  I  had  trees  dug  from  the  first  planting 
to  show  men  who  visited  my  place  from  the  experi¬ 
ment  stations  and  others  interested  in  this  subject,  to 
note  the  effect  of  the  gall  on  the  roots  and  also  to 
note  the  growth  of  the  trees.  I  could  note  no  effect 
detrimental  in  the  growth  of  these  trees,  and  after 
several  years  dug  them  out,  as  they  had  become  quite 
large  and  were  in  the  way. 

Prof.  Stuart  saw  some  of  these  trees  and  offered 
to  make  the  same  experiment  if  I  would  send  him 
6ome  trees.  I  selected  25  of  the  worst  trees  I  could 
find,  and  sent  them  to  the  Geneva  Experiment  Sta¬ 
tion.  Some  years  after  Prof.  Stuart  wrote  he  could 
see  no  ill  effect  from  the  crown  gall,  and  that  the 
trees  showed  the  growth  that  might  be  expected.  The 
500  orchard  trees  mentioned  above  are  in  fine  condi¬ 
tion,  fully  equal  to  those  planted  as  a  check  that  were 
free  from  gall.  I  cannot  see  that  the  cherry  or¬ 
chard  has  been  in  any  way  damaged  by  planting 
these  trees  among  them.  One  observation  we  made 
that  interested  me,  during  times  when  the  gall  was 
especially  bad,  was  that  the  largest  and  finest  trees 
were  even  more  liable  to  have  gall  than  the  smaller 
and  poorer  ones.  In  later  years  we  have  had  few 
trees  with  this  gall,  and  we  have  preferred  throwing 
them  out,  rather  than  have  any  controversy  over  them. 

New  York.  c.  w.  stuart. 

I  always  destroy  all  trees  received  from  the  nursery 
having  crown  or  root  gall.  I  believe  that  is  the  only 
safe  thing  to  do;  cannot  afford  to  take  chances. 

New  York.  s.  w.  wadhams. 

I  have  had  no  experience  with  trees  having  crown 
gall.  Not  having  any  faith  in  them  we  always  throw 
them  out.  B.  J.  case. 

New  York. 


1911. 

THE  CAUSE  OF  “WRITE  DIARRHCEA,” 

Part  I. 

Without  doubt  the  greatest  scourge  of  young 
chicks  is  white  diarrhea.  During  the  year  we  have 
hundreds  of  hurry  questions  from  people  who  see  the 
little  things  fading  away  and  are  unable  to  save  them. 
Dozens  of  “cures”  are  recommended  in  addition  to 
certain  methods  of  feeding.  These  cures  run  all  the 
way  from  giving  “sun  cholera  cure”  or  Squibb’s 
mixture,  to  inoculation  with  various  combinations  of 
turpentine.  The  treatment  has  been  largely  guess¬ 
work,  because  the  exact  nature  of  the  disease  was 
not  clearly  understood.  It  is  now  known  that  the 
disease  is  caused  by  bacteria  to  which  the  name  of 
Bacterium  pullorum  has  been  given.  The  mother  hen 
is  the  original  source  of  infection  and  the  disease  is 
carried  in  the  food. 

These  facts  are  made  clear  in  Bulletin  68  of  the 
Connecticut  Station.  Prof.  F.  H.  Stone- 
burn  and  Dr.  L.  F.  Rettger  give  the  re¬ 
sults  of  long  investigation.  To  prove 
that  the  disease  may  be  carried  in  the 
food,  the  bacteria  were  separated — that 
is,  they  were  propagated  alone  by  them¬ 
selves.  Chicks  known  to  be  free  from 
the  disease  were  divided  into  six  dif¬ 
ferent  lots,  evenly  balanced  in  number 
and  quality.  These  chicks  were  kept 
under  good  conditions  and  all  fed  alike 
on  chick  feed  and  a  dry  mash  witli 
clover,  charcoal  and  grit,  with  ..clean 
water.  The  chicks  were  taken  right 
from  the  incubator  to  the  brooders,  and 
three  of  the  six  lots  were  “fed  on  the 
disease.”  That  is,  each  little  chick  was 
given  six  drops  of  beef  tea  in  which 
the  bacteria  of  white  diarrhea  were 
found.  The  other  chicks  had  beef  tea  in 
which  none  of  the  bacteria  was  present 
of  this  was  to  see  if  the  disease  would  develop  and 
affect  the  chick  as  the  result  of  this  feeding.  That 
was  most  certainly  the  result.  Within  three  days  the 
chicks  thus  treated  showed  the  well-known  indications 
of  white  diarrhea.  There  was  loss  of  appetite,  hud¬ 
dling  together  in  the  brooders,  listless  and  rough 
drooping  feathers.  Deaths  began  on  the  fourth  day. 
Out  of  100  chicks  to  which  the  bacteria  were  fed,  71 
died  in  25  days,  while  of  100  not  treated  in  this  way 
only  four  died.  .  This  is  regarded  as  sure  proof  that 
the  disease  may  be  and  often  is  spread  through  the 
food  supply.  No  doubt  the  bacteria  are  in  the  manure 
and  are  taken  when  chick  feed  is  scattered  in  the 
brooders  or  runs.  A  number  of  public  demonstrations 
were  made — chicks  fed  on  the  germs  and  others  not 
fed  being  taken  to  poultry  shows.  Hundreds  of  prac¬ 
tical  poultrymen  saw  the  sick  chicks  and  pronounced 
the  trouble  as  white  diarrhea,  thus  proving  that  the 
disease  under  investigation  is  the  one 
thus  commonly  known. 

We  have  said  that  these  treated 
chicks  were  known  to  be  free  from 
the  disease  when  the  eggs  were  hatched. 

How  could  they  know?  It  seems  to  be 
proved  beyond  question  that  the  mother 
hen  may  start  the  disease  by  putting 
the  bacteria  or  germs  inside  her  egg. 

When  this  egg  hatches  these  living 
germs  are  inside  the  little  chicks,  and 
if  conditions  are  right  will  start  the 
disease. 

What  do  you  call  proof? 

In  the  first  place  this  special  form  of 
bacteria  is  different  from  others.  With 
his  microscope  and  apparatus  the  scien¬ 
tist  can  distinguish  it  as  a  fruit  ex¬ 
pert  could  tell  a  Baldwin  from  a  North¬ 
ern  Spy  apple.  There  can  be  no  doubt 
as  to  this,  so  that  when  the  germ 
found  in  a  hen,  an  egg  or  a  chick, 
can  be  positively  identified — like  the 
sumption. 


THE  RURAfc  NEW-YORKER 

obtained  from  farms  where  the  disease  was  not 
known.  These  were  free  from  the  germs.  Chicks 
hatched  from  such  eggs  were  entirely  free  from 
white  diarrhea.  They  were  not  immune,  however, 
since  when  fed  the  germs  they  became  sick.  The 
chicks  hatched  from  eggs  containing  the  germs  were 
affected — for  the  germs  were  found  in  the  liver  of 
these  little  things.  Thus  it  is  proved  that  the  germs 
are  found  in  the  hen’s  ovary,  in  the  egg  which  such 
a  hen  lays,  and  in  the  chick  which  is  hatched  from 
the  egg.  On  the  other  hand,  the  hen  which  contains 
no  germs  lays  an  egg  also  free  from  them,  and  the 
chick  hatching  from  the  egg  is  also  free.  Experi¬ 
ments  were  tried  in  trap-nesting  hens  and  testing 
their  eggs.  This  showed  that  some  hens  in  a  flock 
are  free  and  others  not.  By  separating  such  hens  it 
was  found  that  one  lot  produced  germ-free  chicks, 
while  chicks  of  the  other  were  alive  with  the  disease. 
Thus  it  is  demonstrated  that  the  chart  printed  at 


THE  SPREAD  OF  A  CHICKEN  SCOURGE. 
The  object 


Fig.  270  is  true.  The  disease  comes  from  the  hen, 
carried  on  by  the  chick  and  passed  along  to  others 
through  food.  What  can  be  done  to  prevent  or  kill 
off  the  disease?  We  must  leave  that  for  another 
chapter. 


736 

cents’  worth  of  plant  food  in  all  her  droppings,  or 
about  13  cents’  worth  in  that  part  which  is  found  un¬ 
der  the  roosts.  Five  hens  will  give  as  much  nitrogen 
in  one  year  as  you  will  find  in  a  ton  of  ordinary  stable 
manure.  This  nitrogen,  too,  is  in  far  more  available 
shape.  We  can  understand  from  this  why  a  flock  of 
several  hundred  hens  running  at  large  in  an  orchard 
make  such  a  showing  on  the  trees.  In  six  months 
250  hens  would  drop  all  over  such  an  orchard,  if  we 
take  these  station  figures,  nearly  A]/2  tons  of  fresh 
manure.  This  means  over  225  pounds  of  nitrogen — 
or  the  amount  expected  in  nearly  25  tons  of  stable 
manure,  or  1200  pounds  nitrate  of  soda.  In  addition 
to  this  the  hens  give  partial  cultivation  by  scratching 
and  tearing  the  soil,  and  also  secure  a  fair  share  of 
their  food  in  bugs  and  grass.  We  see  from  this  why 
hens  are  not  popular  in  peach  orchards.  The  large 
amount  of  soluble  nitrogen  which  they  drop  stimu¬ 
lates  too  much  wood  growth  on  the  peach  and  makes 
soft  and  light-colored  fruit.  To  a  less 
degree  this  is  also  true  of  apple  trees. 
Whenever  hens  are  pastured  in  apple 
orchards  there  is  a  wonderful  growtli 
of  wood  and  large  fruit  of  rather  light 
color  and  soft  texture.  We  have  a  case 
of  this  for  comparison  on  our  own 
farm  this  year.  Part  of  an  old  orchard 
is  heavily  stocked  with  poultry,  while 
the  remainder  in  sod.  The  difference 
in  growth  is  readily  seen.  The  remedy 
for  this  overgrowth  is  an  application  of 
wood  ashes  or  phosphate  and  potash. 
We  see  from  the  analysis  of  hen  manure 
that  it  contains  an  excess  of  nitrogen, 
and  the  potash  and  phosphoric  acid  are 
needed  to  “balance”  it.  The  very  fact 
that  this  form  of  nitrogen  is  so  available 
means  that  a  large  proportion  of  it  may 
easily  be  lost.  In  another  article  we 


Fig.  270. 

will  try  to  tell  how  to  hold  it. 


FACTS  ABOUT  HEN  MANURE. 

No.  1. 

“What  is  the  value  of  hen  manure?  How  much 
per  hen  in  a  year?” 

These  questions  are  asked  so  many  times  during  the 
year  that  we  have  hunted  up  some  of  the  records. 
At  the  Maine  Experiment  Station  the  manure  dropped 
by  180  hens  for  three  nights  was  collected  and 
weighed.  It  was  found  that  on  the  average  these  180 
hens  dropped  in  three  nights  45  pounds  or  720  ounces. 
This  is  the  same  as  540  hens  one  night  or  1 1-3 
ounces  per  hen  each  night.  This  would  mean  about 
30  pounds  for  each  hen  per  year  in  night  droppings 


•Z  '  ■  \  *  -  "  -  ’  .  -  -  *  '  -  • 


IS 

it 


THE  THOMPSON  ROLLING  TANK  SPRAYER.  Fig.  271. 


germ  of  con- 
Now  in  dozens  of  cases  these  germs  have 
been  found  in  hens,  and  they  are  located  in  the  ovaries 
where,  as  we  know,  the  eggs  are  started  on  their 
course.  We  do  not  need  to  go  all  through  the  evi¬ 
dence  given  in  this  bulletin.  It  is  enough  to  say  that 
many  hens  have  diseased  ovaries  which  contain  these 
disease  germs.  Other  hens  are  not  thus  affected. 

Having  proved  that  some  hens  are  affected  while 
some  are  not,  the  scientists  examined  eggs.  A 
method  for  testing  them  was  devised  and  the  bacteria 
were  found  in  the  yolks  of  certain  eggs,  while  others 
were  entirely  free.  For  instance,  farms  were  reported 
on  which  “white  diarrhea”  was  prevalent.  Both  hens 
and  eggs  were  obtained  from  such  farms.  The  bac¬ 
teria  were  found  in  the  ovaries  of  the  hens  and  also 
in  the  eggs  from  them.  On  the  other  hand  eggs  wrere 


alone— not  counting  the  day’s  droppings.  At  the 
New  York  Station  it  was  figured  that  the  night  drop¬ 
pings  of  each  hen  for  one  year  averaged  about  31 
pounds.  So  far  as  we  know  there  are  no  figures 
showing  how  much  manure  is  made  while  the  hens 
are  off  the  roosts.  The  fowls  roost  less  than  half  the 
time,  and  probably  drop  more  while  exercising  than 
while  quiet.  It  was  concluded  therefore  at  the  Maine 
Station  that  a  hen  of  average  size  probable  drops  about 
75  pounds  during  the  year  altogether. 

The  fresh  manure  at  the  Maine  Station  was  an¬ 
alyzed  and  found  to  contain  2.8  per  cent  of  nitrogen, 
1.8  of  phosphoric  acid  and  0.9  of  potash.  On  this 
basis  100  pounds  of  the  fresh  manure — right  from  the 
henhouse— would  be  worth  about  65  cents  on  the  basis 
of  what  chemicals  would  cost  in  a  local  market. 
Thus  a  hen  in  one  year  will  give  not  far  from  45 


A  ROLLER  TANK  SPRAYER. 

There  is  another  new  idea  made  available  for  or¬ 
chard  spraying.  It  is  extremely  simple  and  entirely 
practical.  One  of  the  modest  but  intelligent  fruit 
growers  of  Yakima  County,  Washington,  in  the 
Yakima  Valley,  Mr.  F.  C.  Thompson,  conceived  the 
idea  of  having  a  round  iron  or  copper  tank  to  hold 
the  liquid  and  make  of  it  the  direct  means  of  generat¬ 
ing  the  power  to  force  the  liquid  into  a  mist  in  the 
trees.  Lugs  are  riveted  onto  the  tank,  which  is  a 
simple  roller  to  prevent  any  failure  to  revolve,  and 
this  motion  makes  sure  of  the  constant  agitation  of 
the  liquid  inside  the  tank.  To  the  center  of  this 
rolling  tank  at  either  end,  are  fastened  simple  gearings 
that  work  two  air  pumps.  These  force  compressed 
air  into  a  tank  that  is  used  as  any  such  stored  power 
is  used  for  forcing  the  liquid  into  the  hose  and  out 
through  the  spraying  nozzles. 

It  has  been  clearly  demonstrated  by 
several  years  testing  that  enough  power 
is  generated  in  passing  from  one  tree  to 
another  to  maintain  the  necessary  air 
pressure  to  do  the  spraying.  All  that  is 
needed  is  to  fill  the  big  tank  with  liquid, 
which  for  a  two-horse  machine  holds 
150  gallons,  and  drive  a  sufficient  dis¬ 
tance  to  fill  the  compressed  air  tank  to 
the  needed  pressure  before  starting  to 
spray.  The  weight  of  a  machine  of 
this  size  is  1500  pounds,  and  when  loaded 
with  150  gallons  of  liquid  weighs  about 
twice  this  much,  making  a  fair  load  for 
an  ordinary  team  on  ordinary  orchard 
ground.  A  tower  and  the  ■  operators 
would  add  something  to  this.  Some  of 
the  advantages  of  this  machine  are  a 
minimum  amount  of  very  simple  ma¬ 
chinery  that  the  ordinary  fruit  grower 
can  understand  and  operate;  no  danger 
of  the  liquid  settling  during  spraying;  no  needless  or 
dead  weight  to  haul,  as  must  be  with  power  engines 
of  any  kind;  ease  of  making  short  turns;  ability  to 
travel  over  rough  ground  without  capsizing;  no  sink¬ 
ing  of  wheels  in  soft  ground;  no  extra  expense  for 
gasoline  or  other  fuel  for  generating  power;  and 
durability.  The  cost  of  the  two-horse  machine  is 
about  $350.  A  smaller  size  can  be  had  at  less  cost, 
and  larger  ones  could  be  made  if  desired.  Within 
due  time  this  new  invention  will  make  its  way  into 
general  use,  but  at  this  time  is  in  the  first  stages  of 
introduction.  I  have  known  of  it  for  two  years  past. 
We  should  be  proud  of  the  fact  that  a  fruit  grower  of 
very  moderate  means  but  of  superior  intelligence  has 
invented  so  useful  and  simple  a  machine  for  the 
benefit  of  his  fellow  workers.  It  seems  to  have  an 
assured  future.  h.  e.  van  deman. 


736 


THE  RURAL)  NEW-YORKER 


July  8, 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[  Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
name  and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure 
attention.  Before  asking  a  question,  please  see 
whether  it  is  not  answered  in  our  advertising 
columns.  Ask  only  a  few  questions  at  one  time. 
Pu'  questions  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper.] 


A  FRUIT  GROWERS’  OUTING. 

On  Tuesday,  June  10,  the  members  of 
the  association  who  have  subscribed  to  pay 
the  cost  of  supervision  by  the  Faculty  of 
the  State  College  of  Agriculture,  of  the 
spraying,  cultivation  and  other  care  of  their 
orchards,  received  notice  that  there  would 
be  a  trip  made  to  Orleans  County  orchards 
for  the  purpose  of  viewing  the  work  as  done 
there,  studying  their  methods,  and  compar¬ 
ing  their  processes  and  crops  with  those  of 
Genesee  and  Wyoming  counties.  Professors 
Whctzel,  Boucher  and  Wallace  were  to  ac¬ 
company  us,  and  do  the  illustrating,  and 
direct  the  route  and  orchards  to  be  visited. 
The  starting  place  was  Hotel  Richmond, 
Batavia ;  25  automobiles  and  105  fruit 

growers  responded  to  the  invitation.  The 
first  orchard  to  be  shown  us  was  the  Smith, 
half  a  mile  northerly  from  Albion,  which  is 
being  run  ns  an  experiment  station  by  the 
State  authorities.  Here  our  attention  was 
called  to  the  effects  of  the  spraying  on  the 
foliage,  of  Bordeaux,  lime-sulphur  com¬ 
bined  with  arsenate  of  lead,  and  of  the  ad¬ 
dition  of  30  pounds  of  sulphate  of  iron  to 
the  lime-sulphur.  The  Bordeaux  showed 
russeting  of  the  fruit,  much  in  excess  of 
the  others,  the  sulphate  certainly  added 
greatly  to  the  sticking  quality  of  the  spray, 
but  it  seemed  to  me  that  it  was  more  dif¬ 
ficult  to  mist;  the  solution  was  apparently 
deposited  more  coarsely  than  the  others, 
and  where  it  was  applied  heavily,  both  wood 
and  leaves  were  painted  a  deep  yellow,  giv¬ 
ing  the  rows  so  treated  a  decidedly  unique 
appearance.  Here  also  our  attention  was 
called  to  one  block  of  trees  which  had  re¬ 
ceived  continuous  cultivation,  and  another 
kept  in  sod.  The  first  block  carried  con¬ 
siderable  fruit;  the  foliage  was  luxuriant, 
the  trees  giving  proof  of  health  and  growth  ; 
the  other  had  little  fruit;  in  fact,  none  of 
consequence.  The  leaves  were  smaller,  light 
green  in  color,  and  the  tree  making  poor 
growth,  and  with  many  dead  limbs.  Both 
had  been  thoroughly  sprayed,  in  the  same 
manner,  and  with  the  same  solutions. 

Our  next  stop  was  at  the  A.  Wood  fruit 
farm,  three  or  four  miles  northeast,  and 
one  of  the  best  cared- for  orchards  in  West¬ 
ern  New  York.  Mr.  Wood  has  105  acres  of 
bearing  trees,  besides  many  newly  set.  He 
informed  us  that  he  planted  a  block  of  trees 
at  the  birth  of  every  grandchild,  and  by  the 
time  wo  had  walked  ovor  and  inspected  his 
orchards,  we  concluded  the  Wood  name 
would  be  In  evidence  any  number  of  years 
yet.  Here,  too,  the  Bordeaux  caused  russet¬ 
ing  and  lime-sulphur  none.  Here,  too,  con¬ 
stant  early  yearly  cultivation  seemed  to 
favor  fruit  production,  even  occasional  rests 
lessening  fruit;  but  the  foliage  was  sim- 
plv  perfect,  the  trees  healthy  and  the  cul¬ 
ture  as  nearly  ideal  as  we  ever  expect  to 
see  A  young  orchard  of  six-year-old  trees, 
mostlv  Duchess,  was  showing  plenty  of 
fruit  for  its  age,  and  a  block  of  dwarfs 
were  bearing  well,  but  did  not  appeal  to  us 
as  a  practical  investment.  In  these  or¬ 
chards  we  were  showing  the  workings  of  a 
new  pest,  at  least  to  us;  the  red  bug.  Its 
bite  disfigures  the  fruit,  something  as  the 
curculio  does.  I  did  not  learn  if  it  depos¬ 
ited  an  egg,  but  it  was  difficult  to  control. 
Mr.  Wood  and  his  family  earned  the  grati¬ 
tude  and  remembrance  of  our  party  by 
serving  a  fine  lunch  on  the  lawn,  and  when 
over  100  hungry  fruit  growers’  hunger  was 
satisfied  we  sped  west,  over  the  Ridge  Road 
to  Medina,  our  passing  marked  by  a  cloud 
of  dust,  which  happily  for  us  the  northerly 
wind  drove  to  our  left.  ,  . 

After  resting  and  dining  at  the  M  alsh 
House  and  a  consultation,  we  worked  north 
toward  Lake  Ontario,  to  the  orchards  of  F. 
Hanlon.  Here  we  found  an  example  which 
every  young  man,  hesitating  as  to  the  line 
of  agriculture  he  shall  take  as  his  life  work, 
should  examine  and  study.  Not  raised  on  a 
farm,  turning  to  fruit  growing  from  inher¬ 
ent  taste,  slight  of  body  and  dependent  on 
his  own  judgment  and  resources,  he  has 
fought  his  way  to  a  splendid  success.  #  His 
first  investment,  a  25-acre  farm,  which  a 
friend  described  as  a  dying  orchard  in  a 
frog  pond,  by  drainage,  cultivation,  trim¬ 
ming  and  spraying,  he  made  it  a  money 
maker  and  has  added  to  his  holding  until 
they  exceed  100  acres.  lie  explained  his 
drainage  system,  with  cement  catch  basins 
at  the  intersections,  which  has  been  the 
main  factor  in  converting  these  swampy 
tracts,  with  their  hard  red  clay  soil,  into 
as  fine  orchards  as  I  ever  saw;  indeed, 
standing  in  one  he  purchased  only  four 
years  ago,  and  seeing  the  beautiful  foliage, 
the  well-balanced  heads,  the  clean,  perfect 
growing  fruit,  it  seemed  a  fairy  tale,  to  hear 
that  four  years  ago  it  was  an  abandoned 
failure  to  its  former  owner.  The  same 
friend  told  us  that  Mr.  Hanlon  not  only 
grow,  but  packed  his  fruit  right,  and  last 
year  placed  in  each  barrel  a  letter,  telliing 
his  name,  address,  quality  of  fruit,  with  the 
result  that  he  had  already  received  orders 
for  500  barrels  at  $4  per  barrel.  This  ac¬ 
count  is  reaching  a  length  which  makes 
necessary  cutting  short  the  description  of 
the  orchards  of  Jay  Allis  and  Clark  Allis, 
next  visited.  We  must  be  content  to  say 
they  evinced  the  same  care,  culture  and 
study  of  the  oest  seen,  and  taught  the  same 
lessons  for  cultivation  and  spraying. 

Now  as  to  the  conclusions  arrived  at  by 
the  majority  of  the  visitors :  First,  we 
were  disappointed  In  the  crop  of  fruit.  We 
had  been  led  to  believe  by  the  press  re¬ 
ports  that  Orleans  had  a  full  crop ;  instead, 
we  found  barely  40  per  cent.  We  were 
more  strongly  convinced  of  the  necessity  of 
continuous  cultivation  on  the  soils  of  West¬ 
ern  New  YTork.  We  were  satisfied  that  we 
had  plentv  of  work  before  us  before  we 
could  compete  in  treatment,  with  Orleans’ 
best  orchardists,  but  that  they  had  their 
full  proportion  of  growers,  who  expected 
figs  from  thistles.  We  were  puzzled  at 


their  manner  of  pruning ;  they  do  not  cut 
out  the  centers,  open  the  heads,  as  we  do 
in  Genesee.  It  may  be  that  soil  or  lake 
proximity  makes  this  unnecessary,  but  wo 
doubted  if  we  could  get  color  on  red 
fruit  by  their  plan.  Another  thing  we 
concluded  was  that  the  cost  of  growing 
good  fruit  will  increase  every  year ;  new 
insect  enemies,  new  fungous  diseases,  fer¬ 
tilization,  cultivation  and  good  judgment 
are  every  year  getting  more  necessary,  and 
all  costs  time  and  money,  but  the  call  for 
good  fruit,  aid  the  ability  to  pay  for  it, 
increases,  and  these  same  enemies  will 
weed  out  the  careless,  and  the  day  of  over¬ 
production  looks  to  be  far  in  the  future. 
We  also  concluded  that  it  wnufd  take  us 
years  to  arrive  at  a  degree  of  skill  that 
could  produce  24  oarrcls  of  apples,  weigh¬ 
ing  3,400  pounds,  mew.  ring  72  bushels, 
from  a  Baldwin  tree  ;  that  it  was  a  big  load 
for  the  tree  or  a  big  story  for  the  profes¬ 
sor.  Finally,  we  unanimously  agrted  that 
the  trip,  with  its  object  lessons  and  the 
explanation  by  the  exp-.-i'ts,  was  worth  all  it 
had  cost  us  to  become  uviiImms  of  the  asso¬ 
ciation.  W.  L.  B. 


NOTES  AND  COMMENTS. 

Cutworms. — Mr.  Hulsart  is  right  as  to 
the  value  of  the  bran  and  Paris  green. 
Nearly  two  years  ago  I  bought  a  piece  of 
land  adjoining  rtiy  home  for  garden  purposes. 
It  had  been  lying  vacant  for  years,  and 
growing  weeds.  Last  Spring  (1910)  was 
the  first  use  of  it  as  a  garden.  The  soil 
fairly  swarmed  with  cutworms,  and  for  a 
time  I  tried  hunting  them  in  the  morning 
and  killed  hundreds  every  day.  1  then  fell 
hack  on  the  bran  and  Paris  green,  though 
I  was  very  much  afraid  1  would  kill  the 
robins.  But  I  do  not  think  any  were  killed, 
while  the  cutworms  were  destroyed.  Next 
to  the  cutworms  the  neighbors’  chickens 
were  the  worst  pest,  and  they,  too,  seemed 
to  let  the  bran  alone,  or  if  they  ate  any  it 
did  not  hurt  them.  But  I  feel  sure  that 
there  will  be  little  trouble  from  cutworms 
where  the  garden  is  kept  clean  of  weeds  and 
grass  all  the  time.  My  garden  has  been 
kept  absolutely  clean  of  weeds,  for  I  work 
the  garden  for  vegetables  Summer  and  Win¬ 
ter,  and  get  something  from  it  every  day  in 
the  year.  It  was  kept  clean  last  year,  and 
this  Spring  the  rarest  insect  is  the  cutworm, 
and  I  have  not  had  to  use  the  bran  at  all. 
The  moths  choose  the  grass-grown  vacant 
lots  around  me,  and  my  garden  is  let  alone. 

Plowing  Under  Green  Crops. — Mr.  Van 
Alstyne  is  right  in  regard  to  the  danger  of 
souring  the  soil  and  cutting  off  the  capil¬ 
lary  moisture.  A  few  weeks  ago  in  directing 
the  plowing  under  of  a  crop  of  Crimson  clover 
in  blooim  on  land  to  be  planted  in  corn  I 
was  careful  to  see  that  the  plowman  did  not 
take  more  furrow  than  the  plow  would  edge 
up.  It  was  suggested  that  he  was  not  cov¬ 
ering  the  clover,  as  rows  of  the  heads 
showed  above  every  furrow.  I  said  that  I 
did  not  mind  that,  as  the  disk  liar  row  would 
soon  chop  these  fine  and  they  would  be  act¬ 
ing  as  a  mulch,  while  if  the  clover  had  been 
turned  under  flat  there  would  be  a  layer  of 
the  green  material  that  would  cut  off  the 
rise  of  the  soil  moisture,  while  edging  the 
furrows  left  direct  connection  between  each 
furrow  and  the  subsoil.  A  subsoil  plow 
was  run  in  ea-ch  furrow  after  the  turning 
plow  and  lime  was  harrowed  in  before  plant¬ 
ing  the  corn.  But  in  a  light  soil  and  a 
warm  climate  I  would  never  turn  under  any 
green  growth  in  the  midsummer,  even  of 
ragweeds,  for  I  have  seen  disastrous  re¬ 
sults  in  the  South-  from  such  a  practice. 

Self-boiled  lime-sulphur  is  all  right  as  a 
fungicide,  but  is  improved  by  the  addition 
of  two  pounds  of  copper  sulphate  to  an 
8-8-50  solution.  I  used  this  years  ago  in 
North  Carolina,  and  found  it  a  valuable 
Summer  spray.  w.  F.  massey. 

Maryland. 


CROP  NOTES. 

We  have  had  a  backward  season.  No 
Summer  weather  yet  (June  17)  although 
garden  stuff  is  growing  fairly  well.  Cherry 
picking  began  about  two  weeks  late.  The 
crop  is  light,  but  quality  good.  F.ruit  crops 
are  very  spotted.  A  heavy  frost  dropped 
down  in  spots  all  over  the  valley.  My  apri¬ 
cots  and  peaches  are  practically  all  killed, 
the  first  time  in  30  years,  while  my  neigh¬ 
bors,  only  across  a  dry  creek,  have  a  good 
crop.  H.  G.  K. 

San  Jose,  California. 

I  find  my  prediction  earlier  of  the  fruit 
crop  was  too  high,  rather  than  too  low. 
A’pples  and  pears  are  .not  50  per  cent; 
peaches  very  light,  with  most  of  them,  al¬ 
though  mine  are  good ;  sour  cherries  a  good 
crop ;  sweet  ones  short ;  plums  poor,  and 
grapes  very  short.  Bush  fruits  badly  hurt 
with  dry  weather,  and  strawberries  not  over 
25  per  cent.  Hay  and  grain  the  lightest 
I  have  ever  seen  in  this  section.  Potatoes 
came  up  poor  and  spotted,  almost  without 
vxception.  Corn  looking  good  at  this  time. 

Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y.  w.  h. 


A  FEW  FACTS  ABOUT 


The  Buckeye 
Traction  Ditcher 

The  buckeye  traction 

DITCHER  digs  three  lineal  leet  per 
minute,  three  feet  deep,  in  ordinary  • 
soil,  and  other  depths  in  proportion,  at  an 
actual  coft  of  five  cents  a  rod,  including 
labor,  fuel,  etc.  The  machine  will  ditch 
100  to  150  rods  a  day,  at  a  saving  of  25% 
to  50%  over  the  old  hand-labor  method. 

You  earn  from  $15.00  to  $18.00  a  day, 
net,  on  a  small  amount  of  capital  invented, 
and  you  can  ditch  nine  to  ten  months  in  the 
year.  No  trouble  keeping  the  machine  busy, 
for  the  ditches  are  truer  and  of  perfect 
grade,  and  farmers  everywhere  insist  on  the 
Buckeye  to  do  their  work. 

The  machine  is  self-propelling  in  going 
from  job  to  job,  and  on  good  roads  will 
make  three  miles  per  hour.  Built  Strong 
and  always  ready  to  run.  Anyone  can. 
operate  the  Buckeye,  it  is  of  such  simple 
construction. 

Write  today  for  our  catalog  No.  3 

The  Buckeye  Traction  Ditcher  Co., 
Findlay,  Ohio. 


15“'  More 

. 

a  Bushel 


Don’t  dig  Potatoes  any  more  the 
old  expensive,  back-breaking,  spade 
way.  Get  an  easy,  quick,  money- saving 
Farquhar  Potato  Digger.  Means  at  least  15 
cents  a  bushel  more  for  you,  and  digs  enough 
more  potatoes  to  pay  for  its  cost.  Plow  diggers, 
for  small  patches  up  to  Elevator  diggers  for  the 
largest  growers— any  size  you  need.  Work  in  any 
soil.  Clean  perfectly.  Write  for  our  new  June 
book  “Howto  add  15  cents  a  bushel  to  your 
Potato  Crop”  and  catalogue  of  Diggers  and 
Farquhar  Reliable  Farm  Machinery. 

A.  B.  FARQUHAR  COMPANY,  Ltd. 

Box  200,  York,  Pa. 


i  c  k: 


Highest  Grade— Sanitary 

Not  a  particle  of  wood  about  them. 
Quick  to  open — Quick  to  close — 
Quick  to  please — Quick  shipments. 
Ask  for  I'Jil  Catalogue 

BOWEN  &  QUICK,  Mfrs.,  Auburn,  N.  Y. 


/Quick  Work 

Digging  Potatoes 
With  The  J 

ichreiber 


Works  perfectly  in  any  soil.  Digs,  elevates, 
separates — all  in  one  operation.  Built  to  last. 
World’s  best  materials  and  construction.  Has 
SO-inch  wheels,  cold-rolled  steei  axle  and  mal¬ 
leable  main  beams.  Main  gears  are  interchange¬ 
able.  Lightest  draft  digger  made— no  friction 
anywhere.  Only  digger  with  separating  agitators 
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(Ground  Limestone)  for  your  Soil 

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THE  BEST  PHOSPHATE  FOR  ALFALFA,  CLOVER,  AND  GENERAL  MID-SUMMER  AND  FALL  USE 

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Alfalfa.  The  slag  meal  furnishes  not  only  phosphoric  acid,  but  lime,  which  will  help  to  bring  the  soil  into  condition  for 
alfalfa  and  to  maintain  it  in  that  condition.”  Dr.  Wm.  P.  Brooks,  Director  Massachusetts  Experiment  Station 

In  Massachusetts  Crop  Report  for  July  1910. 


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OUR  GENUINE  THOMAS  PHOSPHATE  POWDER  always  bears  our  Key  and  Tree  Trade  Mark 

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737 


1911. 

PIGWEED  GREENS. 

I  have  just  lately  been  enjoying 
“greens”  new  to  me,  and  if  I  have 
lived  most  of  40  years  in  the  country 
without  discovering  its  most  excellent 
qualities,  likely  there  are  others,  so  I 
hasten  to  pass  it  on  to  any  unenlightened 
ones  there  may  be.  It  is  nothing  more 
or  less  than  the  tender  tops  and  leaves 
of  pigweed!  Now  don’t  sniff,  but. just 
try  it,  and  if  you  don’t  think  a  dish  of 
it  buttered  and  seasoned  is  the  equal 
of  any  spinach,  then  I  will  acknowledge 
I  have  a  perverted  taste.  In  my  vicinity 
it  is  one  of  the  commonest  of  weeds. 

Brockton,  Mass.  A-  B- 

R.  N.-Y.  —  The  Goosefoot  family 
(Chenopodiaceae)  to  which  pigweed  or 
lamb’s  quarters  belongs,  contains  a  num¬ 
ber  of  useful  pot  herbs,  and  the  plant 
referred  to  (Chenopodium  album)  has 
been  eaten  freely  as  greens,  both  here 
and  in  Europe.  Another  old-fashioned 
Chenopodium  cultivated  for  its  succu¬ 
lent  shoots  is  C.  Bonus-Henricus,  or 
Good  King  Henry,  known  in  American 
gardens  as  mercury  or  markery.  Spin¬ 
ach,  beet  and  orach  are  allied  plants. 


5THE5  RURAl,  MBW-YORKB® 


Carp  Culture  in  Maryland. 

J.  D.  8.,  St.  Marys  Co.,  Md.—l  saw  in  The 
R.  N.-Y.,  on  page  627,  an  article  on  carp 
culture  in  Germany.  I  have  a  piece  of 
marsh  land  which  contains  about  five  acres 
and  I  am  putting  a  dam  across  it  to  make 
a  fish  pond.  The  bottom  is  very  muddy 
with  grass  growing  in  it.  I  thought  it 
would  be  a  suitable  place  for  carp.  I  am 
desirous  of  getting  some  information  on  the 
subject. 

Ans. — The  National  Bureau  of  Fish¬ 
eries  at  Washington  gave  up  the  distri¬ 
bution  of  carp  many  years  ago.  It  was 
found  that  the  carp  became  a  nuisance 
when  put  with  other  fish,  as  they  destroy 
species  that  are  more  valuable.  There 
can  be  no  reasonable  objection  to  the 
cultivation  of  the  carp  if  restricted  to 
waters  specially  adapted  to  them  and 
which  are  unsuited  to  oth?r  more  de¬ 
sirable  fishes.  Under  such  conditions 
they  might  be  profitably  and  successfully 
reared  on  farms  as  a  source  of  food 
supply,  but  care  should  be  taken  to  pre¬ 
vent  their  introduction  into  open  waters. 
The  place  described  in  the  question 
would  be  a  good  place  for  carp  culture, 
but  the  business  would  not  be  as  profit¬ 
able  as  it  is  in  Germany.  The  price  is 
much  lower  here,  and  the  demand  is 
comparatively  small.  Carp  ranks  as  a 
cheap  fish.  The  Department  of  Com¬ 
merce  and  Labor  at  Washington  issued 
a  consular  report  describing  fish  culture 
in  Germany. 

Another  Unfruitful  Plum  Tree. 

O.  W.  H.,  Mamaroneck,  N.  Y. — Referring 
to  the  article  on  page  646,  ‘‘Unfruitful 
Plum  Trees,”  I  have  a  Green  Gage  plum 
tree  about  15  years  old — it  is  in  my  chicken 
yard  and  conditions,  I  think,  are  most 
favorable.  It  is  as  handsome  a  specimen  of 
a  vigorous,  thrifty  tree,  as  can  be  imagined, 
bark  carefully  scraped  and  sprayed  every 
year.  It  never  bad  an  insect  upon  it  of 
any  description,  till  this  season,  when  a 
few  ‘‘measuring  worms”  have  appeared, 
but,  these  were  very  quickly  disposed  of 
before  having  time  to  do  any  damage.  It 
has  never  yet  failed  to  blossom  out  most 
luxuriantly,  a  sight  to  behold,  but  no  fruit, 
to  speak  of.  It  is  certainly  not  the  curculio 
in  this  case.  What  is  it?  Cannot  some 
of  your  many  readers  help  us  out?  l\hat 
few  plums  we  do  get — not  over  a  dozen  or 
so — are  very  delicious ;  nothing  could  be 
finer. 

Ans.— This  plum  tree  ought  certainly 
to  bear  and  the  only  possible  cause  that 
I  can  see  for  its  not  bearing  is  that  the 
flowers  may  not  be  pollinated.  As  I 
have  seen  the  Green  Gage  plum  trees 
they  were  fruitful  enough,  but  I  do  not 
remember  having  observed  any  that 
were  entirely  separated  from  other  va¬ 
rieties.  Sometimes  rains  interfere  with 
pollination,  when  they  occur  just  as  the 
organs  are  in  the  critical  stage,  but 
during  about  10  years  of  the  bearing 
life  of  a  tree  there  has  surely  been 
years  when  this  did  not  happen.^  It 
may  be  that  this  tree  is  not  Green  Gage, 
but  of  some  variety  that  is  habitually 
unfruitful.  h.  e.  van  deman. 


Piping  From  Spring. 

J.  B.  P.,  Spook  Hollow,  Pa. — I  have  a 
never-failing  spring  of  water  1,000  feet 
from  buildings.  There  is  a  deep  ravine 
between  spring  and  buildings.  Spring  is 
30  feet  above  level  of  kitchen  floor.  I 
shall  have  running  water  in  kitchen,  barn, 
chicken  houses,  pigpens  and  spring  house. 
What  size  pipe  should  I  use  to  bring  this 
water?  Also  what  kind  of  pipe  do  you  ad¬ 
vise  me  to  use?  Would  chestnut  logs 
make  a  good  line?  Some  say  they  keep 
the  water  cooler  than  iron  pipe.  Will  the 
water  taste,  in  chestnut,  also  how  are  the 
logs  joined  together?  How  deep  should 
the  line  be  laid  to  keep  the  water  cool? 

Ans. — One-inch  galvanized  iron  pipe 
would  probably  be  cheaper  and  more 
satisfactory  than  the  chestnut  logs,  espe- 
cialy  if  the  ravine  is  deep,  so  that  the 
pipe  would  be  under  considerable  pres¬ 
sure  there,  and  because  it  is  practically 
impossible  to-  lay  a  pipe  1,000  feet  in 
length  sufficiently  deep  to  keep  the  water 
cool  in  Summer.  The  essential  thing 
is  to  lay  the  pipe  below  frost.  The 
chestnut  logs  telescope  together  and 
would  not  be  likely  to  effect  the  water 
so  as  to  give  it  a  taste. 


Trouble  with  Peach  Trees. 

What  is  the  matter  with  my  peach  trees? 
They  commence  to  die  from  where  they  were 
budded  about  three  inches  down  around  the 
whole  tree ;  at  some  places  it  seems  there 
are  holes  about  the  size  of  a  needle,  but  yet 
I  cannot  find  any  worms.  The  trees  are 
two  years  planted,  and  grew  very  nicely.  I 
only  noticed  the  trouble  this  Spring.  The 
leaves  seem  to  turn  yellow.  a.  h.  s. 

Oley,  Pa. 

It  is  difficult  to  diagnose  accurately  such 
a  case  as  this  without  personal  examination 
of  the  orchard.  This  is  because  the  factors 
really  responsible  for  the  trouble  may  read¬ 
ily  be  overlooked  by  the  orchardist.  The 
sample  of  bark  sent  shows  no  important  in¬ 
sect  or  disease  upon  it.  If  we  were  to  ven¬ 
ture  an  opinion  regarding  the  trouble  it 
would  be  that  we  have  here  a  case  of  Win¬ 
ter  injury.  This  occurs  frequently  ‘on 
thrifty,  late-growing  trees,  especially  if  the 
soil  is  rather  retentive  of  moisture.  The 
injury  around  the  crown  of  the  tree  is  fre¬ 
quently  due  to  the  formation  of  soil  cups 
about  the  tree-base  as  a  result  of  swaying 
by  the  wind.  These  cups  collect  and  hold 
water  about  the  crown  of  the  tree,  which 
later  freezes  and  apparently  increases  sus 
ceptibility  to  Winter  injury.  The  yellowing 
of  the  leaves  is  a  common  accompaniment  of 
root  injury  due  to  winter-killing  or  other 
causes,  and  the  holes  mentioned  are  doubt¬ 
less  those  of  the  so-called  shot-hole  borer, 
which  commonly  attacks  trees  or  portions  of 
trees  that  are  reduced  in  vitality.  If  the 
trouble  is  correctly  diagnosed,  the  current 
methods  of  avoiding  Winter  injury  will  ap 
ply  in  this  case,  namely,  the  adoption  of 
cultural  methods  tending  to  secure  early 
ripening  and  perhaps  less  succulent  growth, 
and  the  elimination  of  soil  cups  about  the 
bases  of  the  trees  on  the  approach  of 
Winter.  J-  p.  stewabt 

Pennsylvania  Experiment  Station. 


The  Greatest 
Shoe  Value  That 
Money  Can  Procure 


HERE  is  the  chance  for  every 
fanner  to  get  the  best  ser¬ 
viceable  and  sensible  work 
shoe  made— a  shoe  that  is 
honest  all  through. 

Uppers  and  vamps 
made  of  old-fashioned. 

French  kip,  oil-tanned 

waterproof  Cleather^-8oft  and  pliable,  but  wear 
like  iron.  Soles,  outside  and  insole,  are  first 
quality  hemlock-tanned  Bteer  s  hide.  Fastened 
with  old-fashioned  maple  pegs  or  brassscrews-no 
stitches  to  rot  or  nails  to  rust.  Yon  are  not 
taking  a  chance  in  buying  the 

Haskin-Granger  Shoe 

for  we  stand  back  of  every  one. 
satisfaction  or  refund  Vour  money.  \\  rite  to-day 
for  illustrations  of  leading  styles,  full  des¬ 
criptions  and  prices.  It  s  the  greatest 
vestment  you  can  make— one  you  ar®  absolutely 
cure  of.  Remember,  you  take  no  chances.  We 
refer  you  to  the  Citizens'  Trust  Co.,  Utica,  .  x 
or  any  other  Utica  bank.  Express  paid  on  orders 
east  of  the  Mississippi.  W  rite  to-day  —  we 
guarantee  a  square  deal. 

The  Haskin  Shoe  Mlg.  Co. 

115  Meadow  St.,  StittviHe,  N.  Y. 


YEARLY 

OUTPUT 

OVER 

6.500,000 


A  L  P  H  A 

PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  fov  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best . 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


TILE  YOUR  FARM  WITH  A 

Cyclone  Ditching  Machine 

SAVE  its  cost  and  more,  in  your  own 
ditching,  then  ditch  for  your  neighbor* 
and  earn  more  than  its  cost  every  ten  days 
you  operate  it.  This  is  a  big  claim,  make 
us  prove  it  before  you  settle  for  the  machine. 

\Ve  guarantee  300  tods  of  ditch  per  day 
with  six  horses. 


One  customer  writes:  “Saved 
$100  in  four  days;”  another, 
“Saved  its  cost  in  a  few  days.” 


Don’t  delay — after  harvest  ditching  will 
soon  be  here.  Don’t  wait  for  contractors 
— do  your  own  tiling. 

Write  today  for  catalog 

The  Jeschke  Manufacturing  Co. 
Box  113,  Bellevue,  Ohio 


I’U  Save  You 

$25:#®  “ 

on  my  1911  8pllt  Hickory  Auto- 
Seat  Buggy.  Or,  25%  paving 
guaranteed  on  retail  price  of  any 
vehicle.  Made  to  order.  SO  days’ 
road  test— 2-year  guarantee. 

Let  Me  Pay  the 
Postage  on  Big 
Free  Book  to  You 

Shows  125  styles.  Also  harness. 

Beautiful  color-v  lews.  Prices  aston¬ 
ishingly  low.  Write  me  now. 

H.  C„  Phelps,  Pres. 

The  OhioCarrlage  Mfg.Co. 

Sta.290  .Columbus.  O. 

_ M 


IROWN  FENCES 


ni 

Strongest,  most  durable  fence 
made.  Heaviest,  closest  wires.  Double 
■  galvanized.  Practically  indestructible.  Stock 
I  strong  Chicken  tight.  1 4  to  35c  per  rod.  Sample  free.  We  pay  frt.  § 

I  The  Brown  Fence  &  Wire  Co-,  Dept.  jgJUeyelai^Ohl^J 


CORN  HARVESTER 

That  beats  them  all.  One  horse  cuts  two  rows. 
Great  labor  saver.  Carries  to  the  shock.  No  twine. 
Worked  by  1,2  or  three  men.  We  also  manufacture 
Stump  Pullers  and  Tile  Ditchers.  Write  for  catalog. 
R.  L.  BENNETT  &  CO.,  Westerville.  Ohio. 


Potato  Digging  Time  Coming 
—Buy  a  Dowden  Digger  Now 


FUMA 


Side  Delivery  Rake. — The  side  delivery 
hay  rake  has  many  advantages  over  other 
styles  of  rakes,  and  some  disadvantages.  It 
is  a  great  tool  when  used  in  connection  with 
a  hay  loader.  It  rolls  the  hay  over  and 
leaves  it  very  loose  so  that  it  air-dries  rap¬ 
idly,  making  better  hay  in  less  time  than 
can  be  done  with  the  old  style  rakes.  It  is 
just  the  thing  when  followed  with  the 
loader.  It  does  not  leave  the  hay  in  as 
good  shape  to  pitch  by  hand  as  other  rakes. 
It  costs  much  more — nearly  three  times 
as  much,  and  needs  a  team  to  operate  it.  I 
should  think  that  if  one  did  not  have  hay 
enough  to  justify  a  loader  it  would  be  un¬ 
wise  to  invest  in  a  side  delivery  rake. 

Ohio.  F .  L.  ALLEN. 

Rye  as  a  Cover  Crop.— A  recent  article 
in  Tiie  R.  N.-Y.,  from  I.  C.  Rogers, 
Livingston  County,  N.  Y.,  contains  more 
good  sense  than  many  lectures  and 
essays  that  are  inflicted  upon  the  prac¬ 
tical  hard-working  farmers  who  depend 
for  a  living  upon  their  own  exertion,  often 
on  soil  that  is  naturally  unproductive.  Many 
a  struggling  farmer  is  aware  of  the  fact 
that  such  crops  as  are  advised  by  theorists, 
and  striplings  from  agricultural  colleges 
would  be  useful  to  improve  poor  land,  when 
we  hear  about  Crimson  clover  north  of  40 
degrees  it  will  prove  a  failure  more  often 
than  a  success.  Then  come  Soy  beans, 
cow  peas,  vetch,  Alfalfa,  etc.,  as  if  such 
crops  could  be  grown  profitably  upon  na¬ 
turally  poor  or  exhausted  land.  No  doubt 
rye  is  one  of  the  most  dependable  crops 
that  can  be  grown  as  a  catch  crop,  and  can 
be  successfully  produced  on  even  poor  soil  by 
using  a  good  grade  of  fertilizer  at  a  cost  of 
about  ?6  an  acre.  This  produces  a  quantity 
of  vegetable  matter  to  turn  under  adding 
humus  and  fertility  to  the  soil.  Too  much 
attention  is  being  paid  to  millionaire  farm¬ 
ers,  by  writers,  lecturers  and  so-called 
scientists,  about  great  crops  produced,  often 
at  a  loss,  by  methods  entirely  impracticable 
to  the  average  farmer.  w.  u.  s. 

Pennsylvania. 


The  Dowden  Potato  Digger  Is  a  machine  yon  can 
absolutely  depend  on  to  do  its  work  well  all  the  time. 

Combining  simplicity  with  great  digging  capacity— 
you  can  save  the  price  of  a  digger  In  a  short  time  by 
getting  all  the  potatoes  and  eliminating  repair  hills  to 
a  minimum.  . 

Catalog  free.  It  tells  all  about  the  digger— how  It  is 
made  and  what  it  will  do.  Can  be  operated  by  a  boy. 

Dowden  Mfg.  Co.,  1122  Elm  St.,  Prairie  City.  Iowa 


J  J  kills  Prairie  Doga, 
Woodchucks.  Gophers, 
and  Grain  Insects. 
"The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

cw\nth  “  Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  are  doing. 

EDWARD  R.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. 

\LTY?  ¥  ¥  DRILLING 

TT  l/LL machines 

Oyer  70  sizes  and  styles,  for  drilling  either  deep  or 
Shallow  wells  in  any  kind  of  soil  or  rock.  Mounted  on 
wheels  or  on  sills.  With  engines  or  horse  powers.  Strong, 
Simple  and  durable.  Any  mechanic  can  operate  them 
easily.  Send  for  catalog. 

WILLIAMS  BROS.,  Ithaca.  N.  Y. 


BULLETIN  35 

Containing  the  complete  FARM  USES  of  Avenarius 
Carholineum,  will  be  mailed  free  upon  request. 
COUNTRY  GENTLEMEN  Says  :  "Every  reader 
should  have  it.”  The  entire  Agricultural  Press 
endorses  its  use,  as  does  the 

United  States  Department  of  Agriculture 
CARBOUNEUM  WOOD  PRESERVING  CO. 

181  Franklin  Street  •  New  York*  N,  Y. 

Fertilize  All  the  Soil. 

A  common  practice  in  European 
countries  is  to  sow  artificial  fertilizers 
broadcast,  for  the  reason  that  all  the 
soil  is  made  equally  productive,  so  that 
no  matter  in  which  direction  the  plant 
roots  spread  the  plant  food  is  there. 
Our  farmers  in  this  country  are  prac¬ 
ticing  this  method  more  and  more.  Our 
prediction,  now  that  there  has  been  per¬ 
fected  a  machine  that  successfully  sows 
in  wide  range  of  quantities  such  enrich- 
ers  as  granular  lime,  nitrate  of  soda, 
land  plaster  and  all  commercial  _  fertili¬ 
zers  is  that  the  farmers  in  America  will 
use  the  broadcast  method.  The  machine 
to  which  we  refer  is  the  Empire  Broad¬ 
cast  Fertilizer  Sower,  made  by  The 
American  Seeding-Machine  Co.,  Incor¬ 
porated,  Richmond,  Ind.  Write  the 
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After  reading  it,  go  to  your  retail  im¬ 
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THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  CO.,  Depi.  D.ELTRIA.  OHIO 


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manufactured  only  BY  .  .  . 

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Mo  ad  Cycle  Co.  Dept,  B  go  Chlcnf 


738 


Hope  Farm 


Nines 


friend  ;* 


need. 


Firing  a  Man. — I  have  come  to  be¬ 
lieve  that  what  we  call  the  “Rural 
family  meaning  all  our  readers — 
covers  about  all  there  is  of  human 
nature.  Our  people  come  for  help  or 
advice  in  all  sorts  of  trouble.  We  do 
our  best  to  help  them,  and  would  not 
under  any  circumstances  violate  their 
confidence.  I  want  to  give  three  letters 
this  week.  The  first  is  from  a  Con¬ 
necticut  man  : 

About  a  week  ago  I  got  a  man  up  here 
from  the  Bowery  Mission,  New  York  City. 
He  does  not  suit  me,  being  too  independent 
and  inclined  to  run  things  to  suit  himself. 

I  want  to  let  him  go,  but  it  seems  as  if  I 
might  have  trouble  on  my  hands.  What 
can  I  do? 

help  me  out.  I  wrote  the  Mission  very 
plainly  I  would  only  hire  him  by  the  week, 
and  would  not  guarantee  his  return  fare  if 
I  discharged  him  to  New  York  except  he 
earned  it.  He  seems  inclined  to  make 
trouble  and  I  do  not  trust  him.  How 
would  I  better  discharge  him? 

Connecticut.  C.  n.  d. 

If  the  man  does  not  suit  you  and 
acts  as  you  say  I  would  advise  you  to 
get  rid  of  him  at  once.  Otherwise  he 
will  think  you  are  afraid  of  him  and 
will  undertake  to  rule  the  entire  place. 
From  your  statement  you  are  under 
no  obligation  to  keep  him  beyond  the 
week.  Pay  him  and  tell  him  you  do 
not  want  him.  If  he  is  ugly  it  may 
become  a  question  between  man  and 
man,  and  you  may  have  to  put  him  out. 

I  have  known  several  such  cases. 
Avoid  trouble  if  you  can,  but  do  not 
give  in  to  such  characters.  If  you  do 
not  feel  able  to  handle  him  and  he  gets 
u&ly>  get  the  constable,  but  if  you  start 
to  get  rid  of  him  do  not  waver  an  in¬ 
stant,  or  he  will  have  the  advantage  of 
you.  We  have  seen  farmers  completely 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 

Possibly  some  of  our  cow  was  picketed  on  part  of  the  field. 

We  waited  until  it  all  grew  up.  The 
hay  was  certainly  fine.  A  couple  of  old 
apple  orchards  are  in  sod.  This  grass 
Would  you  let  me  know  through  THB  R.  was  weH  fertilized  in  the  Spring.  I 


folks  think  this  qualifies  me  as  an  ex 
pert  on  the  New  York  liquor  law.  At 
any  rate  the  following  letter  has  come 


July  8, 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
ft.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
square  deal.  ’  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


N.-Y.  if  the  owner  of  a  cafe  can  refuse  a» 
person  a  drink  of  liquor  when  he  has  the 
money  to  pay  for  it  and  is  strictly  sober,  of 


shall  shock  some  of  our  mulching 
friends  when  I  say  that  on  one  good- 


respectable  appearance  and  a  man  of  good  sized  orchard  we  cut  the  grass  and  put 

habits?  This  happened  to  me  only  last  two-thirds  of  it  into  hay.  This  is  oart 
week,  and  I  would  like  to  know  if  I  can  ■  .  y  part 

hold  this  said  cafe  owner  liable.  ot  an  exPenment.  As  soon  as  the  hay 

New  York.  L  H  is  cut  we  haul  in  manure,  weeds,  trash 

If  L.  H.  were  a  relative  of  mine  I  ad  sorts>  and  pile  it  under  the  trees, 
would  send  that  saloon  keeper  a  letter  1  Plan  to  cut  this  grass  right  after  a 
of  thanks  and,  later,  a  box  of  our  finest  ra’n  ^  possible.  Then  the  mulch  holds 
apples.  No  Ben  Davis  for  a  man  who  rnoisture  in  the  sod.  These  trees 
refuses  to  sell  liquor,  but  the  finest  Me-  are  loaded  to  the  tops  with  fruit — each 
Intosh  Red  that  Hone  Farm  can  pro-  week  seems  to  give  us  surer  promise  of 

_  „  _ _  duce.  I  have  never  met  U.  H.,  and  a  £reat  crop.  A  good  share  of  the 

Will  you  please  tell  me  and  must  take  his  own  word  for  the  high  rye  *n  t^ie  y°ung  apple  orchards  was 

personal  qualities  he  mentions.  It  is  Plowed  under,  and  we  are  sowing  fod- 
our  business  to  get  the  facts.  I  have  der  corn>  Japanese  millet,  sorghum 

them  from  the  highest  authority.  The  and  buckwheat  in  drills.  All  these 

New  York  liquor  law  specifies  certain  croPs  will  be  cultivated  and  in  August 

classes  of  persons  to  whom  liquor  rye  or  rye  and  vetch  will  be  broadcast 
must  not  be  sold.  Amontr  these  are 
minors — under  18  years — intoxicated 

persons,  habitual  drunkards,  Indians, 
any  person  confined  or  committed  to 
State  prison  or  State  institution  or 
poorhouse,  or  in  charge  of  a  State 
physician,  or  in  the  case  of  a  person 
where  parent,  guardian,  husband,  wife, 
child  or  many  other  people  has  given 
notice  in  writing  that  liquor  shall  not 
be  sold  him. 

Now  if  L.  H.  can  prove  an  alibi  and 


»»• 


Keg.  U.  S-Pst.  Off. 


between  the  drills  and  worked  in. 

h.  w.  c. 


sales  of  liquor  would  take  rank  with 
sales  of  poison.  Very  likely  L,.  H. 

bossed  and  cowed  by  their  hired  men-  and  !"S  friend.  the  saloon  keeper  wil1 

when  at  heart  the  latter  were  cowards  I™”  hands  aSainst  me  this  proposi¬ 
tion,  and  they  have  the  same  right  to 


Lime-Sulphur  as  a  Sheep  Dip. 

(.an  you  tell  me  if  the  lime-sulphur  mix¬ 
ture  advised  for  spraying  trees  has  been 
used  for  dipping  sheep  to  kill  ticks? 

J.  H. 

We  understand  that  the  original  spray¬ 
ing  with  lime-sulphur  was  done  by  a  man 
who  borrowed  a  pail  of  sheep  dip  for  the 
purpose.  He  reasoned  that  if  this  stuff 
would  kill  sheep  insects  it  would  kill  the 

- -  ..  — .....  mi  Aiiui  aiiu  Bca^e-  The  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  has 

show  that  none  of  these  things  hit  him  approved  ainong  others  the  following  dip 

I  regret  to  say  that  there  seems  no  W  StaT 'S  » !£" oT5Sa&S  "to? 
legal  reason  why  a  saloon  keeper  should  ££ 

not  sell  a  drink  if  L.  H.  has  the  price,  than  two  hours.”  This  is  to  be  diluted  to 

I  “regret”  this  hecause  it  T  bad  mar  J 00  gallons  before  use.  This  is  permitted 

g  ct  Inis  Decause  it  1  Had  my  way  for  the  disease  known  as  scabies,  but  is  not 

there  would  be  no  saloons  at  all,  and  ^commended  by  the  Bureau  for  sheep  in- 
. .  - w^hafb^u^ed^bfsheeS  men*  We 

WnnM  lllm  fn  bairn  tlw,,*,.  ~ :  „  •  _ 


My  “Pearl  Glass 
lamp-chimneys  give 
more  light  than 
common  ones,  due 
to  perfection  of 
shape  and  propor¬ 
tions— right  balance 
of  drafts. 

They  are  clear  as 
crystal  —  made  of 
tough  glass,  not 
bottle  glass.  They  make  the 
lamp  do  its  best. 

Common  chimneys  hinder  the 
light  —  the  draft  is  a  matter  of 
chance.  The  lamp  can  t  do  its  best. 

My  name,  Macbeth,  is  on  every  "Pearl  Glass” 
lamp  chimney.  Send  for  my  Index. 

Macbeth 

Macbeth-Evans  Glass  Co.  Pittsburgh 

i7s  wCl?IFAF°:c.  Philadelphia: 

1/8  East  Lake  Street  42  South  Eighth  Street 

New  York:  19  West  30th  Street 


MGS  ALL  THE  POTATOES 

™0Ut  T.ttmg  (hem-just  enough  adjustment  to  meet! 

I  your  conditions  without  currying  too  much  soil.  Saves ■ 

|  enough  more  potatoes,  even  in  small  acreage  to  pay  tori 
machine  in  short  time.  Perfect  separation?  Is  as  light  I 
draft  aaany  d'ggcr  can  be.  No  neck  weight.  TwostylcsB 
made  Prices  *.o.00  to  $106.00.  No.  150  is  the  lighter  I 
I  machine,  built  on  Btrong  but  very  simple  lines — a  great  I 
Wlt,h  growers  Separate  bearings,  easily  removed  I 
I  and  cheaply  replaced.  Operates  entirely  from  the  seat  ■ 

JMNACE  5 Aggers  I 

I  ar9  experiments— rears  of  actual  use  in  all  sorts  ot  I 

I  eooditions  have  proved  their  worth.  Write  to  day  for  ■ 
Anniversary  Catalog— complete  line  of  potato  machiu-  I 
garden  whee.l  hoes  and  drills,  orchard  tools  etc.  B 

BATEMAN  M’F’G  CO. 

Box  102-D  GKENLOCH.  -  -JBMSMBir, 


would  like  to  have  their  opinion  about  it. 


and  bluffers.  The  first  advice  to  a 
farmer  is  to  run  his  own  farm  and  be 
boss  of  his  job. 

Out  of  Work. — Most  people  are 
hunting  for  hired  help  rather  than  think¬ 
ing  how  to  get  rid  of  them.  The  fol¬ 
lowing  letter  comes  from  Pennsylania. 
and  gives  still  another  side  to  the  labor 
problem  : 

Everybody  brings  his  farm  problems  to 
you  and  if  ever  a  man  was  up  against  it 
and  needed  some  advice  I  guess  I’m  the 
man.  A  year  ago  I  entered  into  a  capital 
and  labor  farm  proposition  with  a  man  I 
had  always  found  on  the  square.  He  was 
to  buy  the  farm,  stock  it  and  pay  all  run¬ 
ning  expenses  while  I  was  to  furnish  the 
labor.  I  know  I  made  a  mistake  in  not 
drawing  up  an  agreement  for  signature,  and 
now  he  has  backed  down  utterly,  and  I 
can  get  nothing.  My  wife  and  I  are  stalled, 
for  I  have  run  out  of  money  absolutely, 
and  no  way  of  getting  out  of  the  country. 

V\  hat  I  want  to  know  is  liow  a  man  who 
is  a  stranger  in  his  country,  efficient,  in¬ 
telligent  and  not  afraid  to  work,  can  come 
in  touch  with  men  who  are  looking  for 
skilled  conscientious  labor.  I  understand 
the  farm,  its  every  branch  of  work  and  its 
machinery.  My  wife  is  a  competent  house¬ 
keeper  and  advertisement  writer,  and  runs 
the  poultry  and  pigs,  yet  here  we  are  both 
of  us,  stalled  completely.  If  you  in  your 
varied  experience  can  advise  me  as  to  a 
way  out  I  shall  be  everlastingly  grateful. 
Pennsylvania.  h.  w.  f. 

There  you  are !  One  man  begging  for 
a  job  and  the  other  figuring  how  to 
fire  a  man  off  the  place !  The  first  thing 
to  get  in  mind  is  that  this  man  got 
into  trouble  through  failure  to  sign  a 
definite  legal  contract.  We  would  not 
sign  any  contract  presented  by  a 
stranger  or  when  buying  goods,  but  in 
a  business  agreement  like  this  strong 
and  binding  papers  should  be  made  out 
and  signed.  I  know  nothing  about 
these  people  except  what  is  written 


an  opinion  that  I  have.  Under  the  law 
in  New  York  L.  H.  seems  within  his 
privilege  in  calling  for  a  drink.  I  would 
gladly  wipe  out  both  law  and  privilege, 
but  we  give  the  facts  as  we  find  them. 

Farm  Notes. — Both  currants  and 

raspberries  come  lapping  on  the  heels  of 
strawberries  this  year.  The  first  sales 
of  currants  were  made  while  straw¬ 
berries  were  also  going.  Our  crop  is 
good  this  year— better  than  last.  You 
may  remember  the  description  of  what 
I  call  a  condensed  fruit  factory.  Back 
of  the  house  we  planted  a  small  peach 
orchard — trees  16  feet  each  way.  Be¬ 
tween  the  trees  are  rows  of  currants. 
Between  the  currant  bushes  were  straw¬ 
berry  plants,  but  we  have  now  cut  them 
out.  Between  the  rows  of  currants  are 
tomato  plants  tied  up  to  stakes.  It 
makes  a  crowd,  but  all  are  doing  well 
th  year.  The  peach  trees  are  well 
mulched  with  manure  and  coal  ashes, 
and  are  already  bending  down.  The 
currant  bushes  are  red  with  fruit,  and 
the  tomatoes  are  climbing.  The  latter 
are  thoroughly  tilled.  As  a  rule  it  is 
not  safe  to  crowd  things  so,  but  the 
combination  works  like  a  charm  this 
year.  .  .  ,  Our  strawberry  crop  was 
a  disappointment.  Those  fearful  storms 
ruined  many  crates  of  berries,  and  the 
hard  March  weather  hurt  the  plants. 
Where  we  failed  to  mulch  heavily,  the 
crop  was  ruined.  The  heave  and  thaw 
and  the  dry,  cold  winds  seemed  to 
get  the  fruit  buds.  Where  the  mulch 
was  put  on  early  we  had  a  big  crop — 
for  the  storms  to  destroy.  By  the  way, 
we  think  highly  of  the  Chesapeake  for 
our  hill  culture.  With  us  it  has  a 
firm,  hard  skin  or  hide  and  stood  up 
against  those  storms  successfully.  It 


SWAP  STUMPS  FOR  DOLLARS 

CLEAR  WASTE  LAND  WITH 


RED 

CROSS 


DYNAMITE 


’1  IWIW 

Drawn  from  actual  photograph 


Stumps  blasted  out  into  firewood 


Same  field  ten  months  Iater-$800.00  worth  of  celery  per  acre 


iere.  They  need  a  job  and  are  willing  is  inferior  tc  Marshall  in  flavor  and 
to  work  As  an  experiment  I  print  the  beauty,  but  it  can  stand  a  lot  of  pound- 
etten  If  any  reader  wants  to  go  fur-  ing.  ...  The  boy’s  college  potatoes 
t  er  into  the  matter  the  address  will  are  thriving.  They  had  been  cultivated 
be  fumished.  four  t;mes  by  july  4  and  hoed  once 

Getting  a  Drink.-Two  weeks  ago  The  first  cutting  of  Alfalfa  was  made 
I  told  of  a  saloon  keeper  who  proved  a  June  21.  This  was  a  little  late  as  the 


To  learn  how  progressive  farmers  are  using  dynamite  for  removing  stamps 
and  boulders,  planting  and  cultivating  fruit  trees,  regenerating  barren  soil, 
ditching,  draining,  excavating  and  road-making,  write  now  for  Free  Booklet- 
Farming  With  Dynamite,  No.  30 

E.  I.  DU  PONT  DE  NEMOURS  POWDER  CO. 

PIONEER  POWDER  MAKERS  OF  AMERICA 

ESTABLISHED  1802  WILMINGTON,  DEL.,  U.  S.  A. 

'aToVeTlJ? 

DU  PONT  POWDER  CO.,  DEPT.  30,  WILMINGTON,  DEL. 


T3Q 


1911. 


THE  RYJ  RAb  NEW-YORKER 


Ruralisms 


ARCHING  PRIVET  HEDGES. 

G.  G.  H.,  New  York. — Will  you  tell  me 
how  to  arch  a  privet  hedge  at  the  top?  It 
Is  about  8  or  9  feet  high  and  we  wish  it 
to  meet  at  top  in  an  arch. 

Ans.— The  most  practical  way  to  se¬ 
cure  an  arched  effect  for  a  narrow  open¬ 
ing  or  gateway  through  a  privet  hedge 
is  to  induce  rapid  growth  of  the  plants 
near  the  opening  by  thoroughly  culti¬ 
vating  the  soil  for  a  width  of  six  feet 
or  more  on  both  sides  of  the  hedge,  the 
application  of  a  thick  mulch  of  rich 
manure  and  copious  supplies  of  water 
in  case  of  dry  weather.  Do  not  trim 
this  portion  of  the  hedge  until  sufficient 
growth  is  made  to  meet  over  the  open¬ 
ing,  which  should  not  require  much 
time  if  the  hedge  at  this  place  has  al¬ 
ready  attained  a  height  of  eight  or  nine 
feet.  The  arch  is  best  formed  over  a 
frame  of  wood  or  iron,  which  may  later 
be  removed  when  the  interlaced  branches 
have  set  to  the  appropriate  curve.  The 
clipping  afterwards  may  be  of  the  usual 
character,  but  it  will  be  necessary  to 
maintain  strong  fertilization  of  this  por¬ 
tion  of  the  hedge  for  several  years  in 
order  to  thicken  up  the  growth.  v. 

Rubber  from  Milkweed. 

A.  C.  (No  Address). — The  juice  of  our 
common  milkweed  is  said  to  contain  about 
five  per  cent,  of  caoutchouc.  Why  not  get 
the  botanical  sharps  at  work  to  increase  the 
yield  by  breeding,  then  grow  rubber  as  an 
annual  field-crop,  using  the  waste  stalks  for 
paper-making  or  fertilizer  V  - 

Ans. — The  latex  or  milky  sap  of  our 
common  milkweeds  has  not  been  dem¬ 
onstrated  to  contain  caoutchouc  or  true 
elastic  rubber  in  appreciable  quantities, 
though  numerous  analyses  have  been 
made.  The  gum  formed  by  evaporation 
of  the  “milk”  that  so  freely  exudes 
when  any  part  of  a  growing  plant  is 
broken  appears  to  possess  no  present 
commercial  value.  A  tuberous-rooted 
Asclepiad  or  milkweed,  from  the  des¬ 
erts  of  North  Africa,  contains  eight  to 
12  per  cent,  of  very  good  rubber,  but  it 
appears  to  be  of  too  slow  growth  to 
have  cultural  value.  Other  Asclepiads 
are  known  to  contain  rubber,  but  little 
practical  use  has  yet  been  made  of  them. 
The  caoutchouc  of  commerce  is  pro¬ 
duced  by  many  plants,  chief  of  which  is 
the  tree  Hevea  brasiliensis,  a  member 
of  the  Euphorbiacere,  the  source  of  the 
best  Para  rubber,  and  Castilloa  elastica 
of  Central  America,  belonging  to  the 
Moraceae  or  mulberry  group.  Most  of 
the  Old  World  rubber-producing  plants 
are  members  of  the  genus  Ficus,  which 
includes  the  edible  fig,  or  of  the  exten¬ 
sive  Apocynaceae  or  dogbane  family. 
Altogether  there  are  at  least  90  species 
of  plants,  ranging  from  low-growing 
herbs  to  gigantic  forest  trees,  known  to 
produce  rubber  in  commercial  quanti¬ 
ties,  but  our  native  milkweeds  are  not 
among  the  number.  Practical  rubber- 
producing  plants  are  all  essentially  trop¬ 
ical  in  character  with  the  possible  ex¬ 
ception  of  the  Guayale  or  North  Mexi¬ 
can  rubber  plant,  a  composite  desert¬ 
growing  herb  that  has  been  much  ex¬ 
ploited  of  late.  From  it  is  extracted  a 
low-grade  rubber,  almost  devoid  of  elas¬ 
ticity,  but  available  for  water-proofing 
fabrics  and  similar  uses.  At  present  it 
is  simply  collected  in  the  wild  state. 
The  claims  for  profit  in  its  culture  have 
not  yet  been  demonstrated.  v. 

Paeonies  Fail  to  Flower. 

A.  8.,  New  Jersey. — Will  you  advise  me 
about  my  paeonies?  I  transplanted  them 
three  years  ago,  and  they  have  not  bloomed 
since.  Is  it  possible  that  they  were  too 
old?  The  year  before  I  transplanted  them 
they  were  full  of  blooms  in  June. 

Ans. — The  blooming  of  paeonies  is 
often  interrupted  by  transplanting,  espe¬ 
cially  if  the  clumps  have  been  divided 
into  small  bunches  of  roots.  They  ought, 
however,  to  be  flowering  after  three 
years,  unless  conditions  are  unfavor¬ 


able.  You  do  not  say  anything  of  their 
situation ;  they  may  be  starved  by  poor 
soil,  and  thus  unable  to  make  flowers. 
Paeonies  like  a  deep  rich  soil;  they  are 
gross  feeders,  and  the  ground  should  be 
well  prepared  by  trenching,  mixing  in  an 
abundance  of  well-rotted  cow  manure. 
When  they  are  forming  buds  an  occa¬ 
sional  dose  of  liquid  manure  is  a  help. 
Give  the  plants  a  good  top-dressing  of 
well-rotted  manure  this  Fall,  forking  it 
lightly  into  the  ground  in  the  Spring. 
It  would  be  wise  to  give  a  dose  or  two 
of  liquid  manure  during  the  next  month, 
to  encourage  growth;  use  this  when  the 
the  soil  is  moist,  not  dry. 


Barren  Peach  Trees. 

W.  H.  8.,  Ambler,  Pa. — What  is  the  cause 
of  a  peach  tree  not  bearing?  Variety,  Craw¬ 
ford  Late ;  planted  Spring  of  1908 ;  carefully 
fertilized  annually  with  wood  ashes,  no 
manure ;  sprayed  twice  annually,  pruned 
properly  each  year,  no  borers,  ideal  peach 
soil.  It  has  made  vigorous  growth,  but  not 
beyond  what  it  should,  I  think ;  this  Spring 
—the  third  from  planting — measuring  about 
12  feet  high  and  about  nine  feet  in  diam¬ 
eter  (through  bushiest  part  of  center). 
There  were  a  dozen  peaches  last  year ;  this 
year  few  blossoms  and  not  a  single  peach 
hanging  at  this  writing.  Tree  has  the  un¬ 
deniable  appearance  of  being  in  perfect  form 
and  health.  What’s  the  trouble?  Is  Craw¬ 
ford  Late  a  shy  bearer? 

Ans.— The  Crawford  peaches,  both 
the  highest  trees  to  be  sprayed  will 
general  reputation  of  being  fickle  in 
their  bearing.  Some  years  and  in  some 
places  they  bear  well  and  elsewhere  and 
on  certain  years,  for  no  apparent  reason 
they  will  not.  It  is  not  strange  to  hear 
that  the  Crawford  Late  does  not  bear 
abundantly,  and  to  the  contrary,  I  have 
known  trees  of  it  to  bear  as  well  as 
could  be  desired,  although  that  was 
rarely  the  case.  The  region  in  Penn¬ 
sylvania  where  the  tree  complained  of 
stands  is,  evidently,  not  one  that  suits 
the  fastidious  taste  of  this  variety. 

“Gravity  Spraying;”  Varieties  For  Virginia. 

B.  E.  8.,  Old  Chatham,  N.  Y. — 1.  How 
many  feet  height  do  you  deem  necessary  to 
gravity  spraying,  and  how  many  pounds 
pressure  can  be  developed  in  proportion  to 
the  height?  2. — What  six  varieties  for 
commercial  purposes  do  you  advise  for  this 
section  (northern  exposure)  in  apples, 
pears,  peaches,  plums  and  grapes?  3.— 
When  do  you  consider  the  best  month  for 
Summer  pruning  apple  trees?  Would  that 
operation  interfere  with  the  fruit  by  knock¬ 
ing  it  off? 

Ans. — 1.  Ten  feet  above  the  tops  of 
the  highest  trees  to  be  sprayed  will 
give  sufficient  pressure  to  do  effective 
work.  However,  the  farther  the  source 
of  supply  is  from  the  exit  the  less  will 
be  the  pressure.  But  I  am  not  civil 
engineer  enough  to  say  how  many 
pounds  pressure  can  be  developed  in 
proportion  to  the  height  of  the  fall. 
The  size  of  the  pipe  has  something  to 
do  with  the  pressure,  for  the  friction 
differs  accordingly.  The  smaller  the 
pipe  the  greater  the  friction.  Some  one 
who  is  well  informed  on  this  subject 
should  answer  the  question  fully.  2. 
Six  varieties  each  of  apples,  pears,  etc., 
might  be  too  many  for  commercial 
planting.  Among  the  best  apples  for 
this  purpose  are  Baldwins,  Northern 
Spy,  R.  I.  Greening,  McIntosh,  Hub- 
bardston  and  Oldenburg.  Of  pears,  the 
Bartlett,  Sheldon,  Seckel  and  Lawrence 
are  very  good.  Of  the  peaches  Elberta, 
Mountain  Rose,  Carman  and  Salway 
are  a  good  succession.  Lombard,  Ger¬ 
man  Prune,  Grand  Duke  and  Monarch 
are  good  plums.  Of  grapes,  the  Con¬ 
cord,  Worden,  Campbell,  Niagara,  Dela¬ 
ware  and  Agawam  are  standards  in  the 
market.  3.  June  and  July  are  the  best 
months  for  Summer  pruning  of  trees. 
The  wounds  heal  over  very  quickly  at 
that  time  of  year.  Some  fruit  will  be 
knocked  off,  but  it  will  not  be  serious. 
The  crop  would  be  diminished  by  cut¬ 
ting  away  branches  at  any  time  of  year, 
but  the  pruning  is  necessary  and  there 
is  nothing  to  regret  if  a  little  is  lost. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


JAPAN  PLUMS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Without  wishing  to  take  up  much  space  I 
shall  try  to  add  a  small  installment  to  the 
history  of  the  Japanese  plum  in  this  State, 
as  I  was  somewhat  connected  with  the 
propagation  of  this  class  of  fruit  when 
brought  here  about  a  generation  ago.  It 
Seems  that  several  claim  the  distinction  of 
being  the  importers  of  Japanese  plums  into 
California.  This  is  probably  true,  as  the 
different  varieties  were  brought  here  at  dif¬ 
ferent  times. 

John  Kelsey,  a  fruit-grower  and  brother 
of  one  of  our  pioneer  nurserymen,  both  de¬ 
ceased  these  many  years,  is  mentioned  in 
Prof.Wickson’s  “Fruits  of  California  as  the 
importer  of  the  plum  known  as  the  Kelsey. 
Mr  Kelsey  was  a  neighbor,  and  my  father, 
the  late  A.  D.  Pryal,  who  was  also  one  of 
California’s  pioneer  nurserymen  and  or- 
chardists,  early  obtained,  scions  of  this 
plum  and  grew  it  about  almost  as  long  as 
did  anyone  in  the  State.  My  recollection 
of  its  introduction  is  that  Mr.  Kelsey  did 
not  bring  or  cause  the  tree  to  be  brought 
here,  but  it  was  introduced  to  this  State  by 
a  friend  who  gave  him  a  tree  and  in  this 
way  it  had  its  commercial  birth.  It  was 
boosted,  as  the  real  estate  men  would  say, 
by  a  nurseryman  named  W.  P.  Hammond, 
who  made  well  of  it  financially. 

The  next  Japanese  plum  to  be  well  re¬ 
ceived  was  what  is  now  known  as  the  Lha- 
bot  This  plum  was  introduced  by  the  late 
Anthony  Chabot,  founder  of  Oakland  s 
water  supply  and  donator  of  a  magnificent 
10-inch  telescope  and  equipment  for  tne 
public  schools  of  the  city  mentioned.  Mr. 
Chabot  had  a  hillside  place  not  far  from 
our  nursery,  and  often  bad  my  father  visit 
his  orchards  and  plantation.  Here  this  en¬ 
terprising  capitalist  had  innumerable  spe¬ 
cies  of  Japanese  trees  and  flowers,  includ¬ 
ing  tea  plants,  persimmons,  etc.  His  col¬ 
lection  of  Japanese  plums  was  large— the 
largest,  probably,  ever  brought  to  this 
Btate  by  a  single  importer,  though,  I  be¬ 
lieve  some  of  them  were  brought  here  by 
Berger  &  Co.,  then  of  San  Francisco,  but 
now  of  New  York  City.  Almost  from  their 
introduction  here  my  father  began  to  propo- 
gate  the  several  varieties.  Finding  one  far 
superior  to  the  rest,  he  named  it  in  honor 
of  Mr.  Chabot,  and  it  has  been  since  known 
as  the  Chabot.  I  sent  two  notices  of  some 
of  these  plums,  with  photographs,  to  Vicks 
Magazine,  in  1886,  which  were  printed  at 
pages  87  and  361-363.  I  believe  it  was 
some  years  before  this  that  Mr.  Luthei  Bur 
bank  sent  my  father  an  order  from  some  of 
the  Japanese  plum  trees  he  was  listing;  I 
am  not  sure  if  we  had  the  Satsuma  at  that 
time,  though  1  know  it  has  been  grown 
on  our  place  a  long  time. 

At  the  beginning  of  Japanese  plum-cul¬ 
ture  in  this  State  great  results  were  anti¬ 
cipated,  but  the  fruit  has  never  become  a 
very  profitable  one  for  market  or  canning 
purposes.  Aside  from  the  fact  that  Sat- 
suma  is  largely  sought  after  by  jelly-mak¬ 
ers,  owing  to  its  rich  red  juice,  which  is 
used  for  coloring  many  lines  of  jellies,  few 
of  the  other  varieties  are  thought  much  of. 
Some  canners  use  them  freely  for  a  while, 
then  drop  them  altogether.  I  have  been 
informed  by  some  canners  that  the  fruit  has 
a  decidedly  annoying  way  of  fermenting  and 
spoiling  when  canned ;  that  it  too  often 
bursts  the  cans;  again,  some  factory  men 
get  along  with  it  quite  satisfactorily.  But 
the  general  public  in  this  State  seems  to 
take  very  slowly  to  this  fruit.  Compara¬ 
tively  few  trees  are  planted  here  now. 

California.  w.  a.  pryal. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Tii 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


The 
Hay  Press 
YOU  Want 

Write  postal  for  all  facts.  Let  us  prove 
"Ohio”  Superiority.  It’s  the  baler  you 
want  because  it  is  simple-powerful-cfficlent; 
non-breakabie  Feeder  mounted  on  rocker  shaft. 
Automatic  relief  spring  clutch  takes  up  all  strain 
in  heavy  charges;  smooth  and  silent  action — no 
,  jar— no  jerks.  Speed  up  to  35  strokes  per  minute. 
The  only  Press  made  with  Automatic  Block  Drop 
.  per— controlled  by  foot  button — gives  you  free  use 
.  of  both  hands — prevents  accident  or  injury  to  oper- 
'  ators — avoids  delays  because  you  don’t  miss  feeds. 

Capacity  Practically  Unlimited 

Friction  clutch  pulley  keeps  the  “Ohio”  under  perfect 
control— starts  and  stops  it  quick.  Get  our  free  book 

and  study  the 
details  of  these 
and  other  val¬ 
uable  features. 

W  rite  postal 
now. 

Address, 

The  Ohio 
|  Cultivator  Co. 
105  OhloSL 

Bellevue* 
Ohio 


New  Fads  on  Hay  Presses 

We  have  just  issued  a  new  Free  book  on 
Hay  Presses.  Besides  facts  you  need  to 
know,  it  tells  about 
the  reliable,  reason¬ 
able-priced  Hendricks 
— the  Hay  Press  you 
have  seen  advertised 
for  years,  and  know 
about.  Send  for  it. 

HENDRICKS  HAY  PRESS  CO. ,  Cornell  ST..  Kingstln.  N.  Y. 

Fastest  Hay  Press 
j}»/2  Tons  Per  Hour 

Greater  capacity  is  guaranteed  in  all  Spencer 
Presses.  The  guarantee  with  our  Alligator 
Press  says’  '22  tons  in  lOhours  or  no  pay.'  Large 
feed  capacity -smooth  and  compact  bales,  uni¬ 
form  in  size.  Load  full  weight  into  cars.  All 
Spencer  Presses  aro  biggest  money  makers  be¬ 
cause  they  give  greatest  capacity  at  Bay 

smallest  operating  and  repaircost.  ■&„,  ■.  ij  Guaranteed 
Write  today  for  Free  Illustrated  //JsSBHEw  Capacity 
catalog  B.B.  describing  full  line^ 

J.  A.  SPENCER 
(01  William  St.,  Dwight,  III. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  THE 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


HEART  RIGHT 

When  He  Quit  Coffee. 

Life  Insurance  Companies  will  not  in¬ 
sure  a  man  suffering  from  heart  trouble. 
The  reason  is  obvious. 

This  is  a  serious  matter  to  the  hus¬ 
band  or  father  who  is  solicitous  for  the 
future  of  his  dear  ones.  Often  the  heart 
trouble  is  caused  by  an  unexpected  thing 
and  can  be  corrected  if  taken  in  time 
and  properly  treated.  A  man  in  Colo¬ 
rado  writes : 

“I  was  a  great  coffee  drinker  for  many 
years,  and  was  not  aware  of  the  injuri¬ 
ous  effects  of  the  habit  till  I  became  a 
practical  invalid,  suffering  from  heart 
trouble,  indigestion  and  nervousness  to 
an  extent  that  made  me  wretchedly 
miserable  myself  and  a  nuisance  to 
those  who  witnessed  my  sufferings. 

“I  continued  to  drink  coffee,  however, 
not  suspecting  that  it  was  the  cause  of 
my  ill-health,  till,  on  applying  for  life 
insurance  I  was  rejected  on  account  of 
the  trouble  with  my  heart.  Then  I  be¬ 
came  alarmed.  I  found  that  leaving  off 
coffee  helped  me  quickly,  so  I  quit  it  al¬ 
together  and  having  been  attracted  by 
the  advertisements  of  Postum  I  began 
its  use. 

“The  change  in  my  condition  was  re¬ 
markable.  All  my  ailments  vanished.  My 
digestion  was  completely  restored,  my 
nervousness  disappeared,  and,  most  im¬ 
portant  of  all,  my  heart  steadied  down 
and  became  normal,  and  on  a  second  ex¬ 
amination  I  was  accepted  by  the  Life  In¬ 
surance  Co.  Quitting  coffee  and  using 
Postum  worked  the  change.”  Name 
given  by  Postum  Ccl,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

“There’s  a  reason,”  and  it  is  ex¬ 
plained  in  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs. 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu* 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


43  years’  successfu',  operation. 
Used  In  noarly  all  pans  of  the 
world.  We  make  a  complete  line 
of  Drilling  Machines  and  tools 
for  every  condition  of  earth 
and  roclc  drilling  and  min¬ 
eral  prospecting.  Complete 
catalogue  No.  120  showing  over 
40  styles  of  machines  free. 

THE  AMERICAN  WELL  WORKS 

General  Office  and  WorkflS 
Aurora,  Ill. 
^Clhlcago'office;  First  National  Bank  Building 


INOCULATED  ALFALFA  SOIL 

75  cents  per  hundred,  $10.00  per  ton.  F.  O.  B.  Ash- 
ville,  Pa.  Send  for  FREE  booklet  “  How  to  Grow 
Alfalfa.”  Dr.  H.  SOMERVILLE,  Chest  Springs, 
Cambria  County,  Pa. 


NO-FLY 


GUARANTEED  TO 

KEEP  FLIES  AWAY 


This  Guaranteed  Fly 
Oil  will  increase  your 
milk  output  10  to  20 
per  cent,  by  saving  cows 
energy  wasted  in  fighting 
flies  will  make  your  horses 
quiet  and  easy  to  manage 
by  ^  topping  irritating, 
strength  wasting,  fly  fighting. 

If  used  according  to  directions 
WE  ABSOLUTELY  GUARANTEE  NO-FLY 
to  keep  flies  away— not  to  blister— to  kill  lice 

anywhere— not  to  iniure  animals  if  they  lick  it— will  not 
taint  milk.  Practical  farmers  everywhere  indorse  NG-rLY 
because  it  does  its  work. 

If  your  dealer  does  not  sell  NO-FLY,  sand  as  his  name 
and  $1.00  for  larga  can  of  NO  FLY  and  Sprayer.  Money 
refunded  if  it  doesn’t  do  all  we  claim.  Active  men  wanted. 

W.  D.  CARPENTER  CO.,  Dept.  6  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


:<  THE  ” 

/.-'•ANIMALS 
.•--FRIEND 

Keeps  flies  and  all 
insects  and  pests  off 
animals  —  in  barn  or  pas¬ 
ture — longer  than  any  imi¬ 
tation.  Used  and  endorsed 
since  1885  by  leading  dairy¬ 
men  and  farmers. 

$1  worth  saves  $20.00 

^  in  milk  and  flesh  on  each 
cow  in  a  single  season.  Cures  sores,  stops  itching 
and  prevents  infection.  Nothing  better  for  galls. 
Kills  lice  and  mites  in  poultry  houses, 
orun  Cl  if  your  dealer  can't  supply  yon,  for 
ULliU  yl,  enough  Shoo  -  Fly  to  protect  200 
cows,  and  our  8  -  tube  gravity  sprayer  without 
extra  charge.  Money  hack  if  not  satin  factory.  Write 
for  Booklet,  free.  Special  terms  to  agents. 

Shoo- Fly  Mfg.  Co.,  Dept.  1310  N.  10th  St.,  Philada. 


740 


WKCEi  RURAfc  NEW-YORKER 

The  Rural  NTiPW-Yrn-Lr^*-  true  of  wheat’  corn>  P°ultry>  etc.  Trade  is  still 

A  “HA  I  OrKer  carried  on  by  the  law  of  supply  and  demand,  but  the 

supply  end  of  it  is  on  an  abnormal  basis.  It  is  evi¬ 
dent  that  this  abuse  of  secret  storage  must  be  re¬ 
moved  before  trade  can  be  put  on  a  fair  and  sound 
basis.  Hence  the  most  important  feature  of  these 
laws  is  the  provision  that  periodical  reports  of  the 
quantity  of  goods  in  cold  storage  must  be  made  pub¬ 
lic.  When  this  provision  is  enacted  into  Federal  law, 
the  power  of  the  speculator  will  be  broken,  and  trade 
will  rapidly  free  itself  from  the  other  abuses. 


THE  BUSINESS  FARMER' S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Ilomes 

Established  isso 

—  ■  ■  - - . - - t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pear!  St.,  New  York 

Herbert  W.  Colli  no  wood,  President  and  Editor. 

„  „  r,  John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary. _ Mrs.  E.  T.  Hoyle, Xs^ciate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union.  $2.01.  equal  to  8s.  6d  or 
8%  maiks,  or  10J£  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express  7 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line-7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  us  :  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a  respon- 
5>‘>le  Pf  '^°n-  P»t  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  ad  just  trifling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be 
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Notice  of  the  complaint  must  lie  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  yon  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

In  his  recent  articles  Dr.  L.  H.  Bailey,  of  the  New 
York  College  of  Agriculture,  suggested  that  farmers 
could  provide  work  for  students  during  the  college 
vacation.  \\  e  understand  there  was  an  immediate 
response  to  this,  which  practically  swamped  the  uni¬ 
versity.  It  was  unable  to  half  supply  the  call  for 
helpers. 

* 

You  will  see  on  page  744  that  the  Babcock  milk 
test  is  affected  somewhat  by  the  quality  of  the  water 
used.  A  very  “hard”  water  containing  lime  will 
change  the  reading  of  the  fat  to  some  extent,  and  if 
this  test  should  be  taken  for  figuring  on  a  large 
amount  of  milk  there  would  be  considerable  differ¬ 
ence.  This  is  an  important  matter  when  such  a  test  is 

made  to  show  whether  milk  is  pure  or  “adulterated.” 

* 

We  hope  you  will  study  the  articles  on  white 
diarrhea  now  appearing.  The  Connecticut  Station 
scientists  have  proved  that  this  disease  comes  origin¬ 
ally  from  the  mother  hen.  The  germs  are  in  the  yolk 
of  the  egg,  and  from  this  they  pass  into  the  little 
chick.  Sorry  that  the  “Business  Hen”  has  been  caught 
in  this  unbusiness-like  game,  but  they  seem  to  prove 
it  without  doubt.  Now  comes  a  chance  for  the  man 
who  can  guarantee  germ-free  hens,  eggs  or  chicks. 
These  scientific  experiments  put  us  on  the  right  trail. 
Let  it  be  followed  up  I 

Laws  for  the  regulation  of  cold  storage  have  re¬ 
cently  been  made  by  the  Legislatures  of  New  York 
and  New  Jersey,  and  great  interest  is  centered  on  the 
Heyburn  bill,  covering  this  matter,  now  before  Con¬ 
gress.  The  special  points  aimed  at  in  all  this  legisla¬ 
tion  are  to  safeguard  health,  and  prevent  interfer¬ 
ence  with  the  normal  current  of  trade  in  foods.  Poul¬ 
try  and  fish  have  commonly  been  kept  two  or  three 
years,  and  in  some  cases  more  than  five,  though  it  is 
generally  admitted  that  one  year  is  beyond  the  limit  of 
safety  for  such  storage.  Those  who  wish  to  store  the 
surplus  of  one  Thanksgiving’s  glutted  market  so  that 
it  may  be  sold  at  the  next  Thanksgiving  will  deny 
this,  but  they  can  scarcely  be  called  disinterested 
judges.  Doctors  and  chemists  have  found  that  there 
is  enough  risk  to  render  such  storage  unsafe.  It  is 
claimed  that  in  this  way  poultry  may  be  sold  at  a 
moderate  price  at  times  when  fresh-killed  would  be 
so  scarce  that  only  the  rich  could  have  it,  but  what 
sane  man  cares  to  risk  a  case  of  ptomaine  poisoning 
merely  because  poultry  is  cheap?  The  arguments 
about  the  great  benefit  the  consumer  gets  from  stor¬ 
age  are  nonsense  when  both  sides  of  the  question  are 
Studied.  Unlimited  secret  storage  of  food  products 
makes  monopoly,  corners  and  the  resulting  high  prices 
possible.  There  is  plenty  of  capital  available  to  carry 
on  any  promising  speculation.  Under  unlimited  secret 
storage  the  packinghouse  people  and  others  con¬ 
trolling  large  warehouses  are  able  to  take  foods 
from  the  market,  hold  them  until  scarcity  puts  the 
price  above  what  would  be  a  normal  level,  and  then 
dole  them  out  so  carefully  as  to  prevent  a  drop  in 
price.  This  is  the  scientific  principle  of  cornering  a 
market,  though  the  speculators  sometimes  miscalculate 
and  lose.  Large  interests  are  able  to  disguise  their 
own  hands  in  buying  and  selling  in  such  a  manner 
that  the  general  public  has  only  a  vague  idea  of 
their  work.  Butter  fis  made,  offered  for  sale,  and  it 
disappears — some  into  consumptive  trade,  but  much 
more  just  disappears  until  it  can  have  a  new  and  de¬ 
cidedly  higher  price  label  tacked  on  it.  The  same  is 


The  Supreme  Court  decided  that  the  pure  food  and 
drug  law  does  not  cover  cases  where  fakers  and  frauds 
advertise  to  sell  ‘sure  cures”  for  such  diseases  as  can¬ 
cer,  consumption,  fits,  etc.  So  long  as  these  hellish 
cures  contain  drugs  as  represented  it  appears  that 
the  manufacturers,  under  the  present  law,  may  claim 
about  what  they  please.  You  may  trust  them  to  live 
up  to  their  privilege.  Justice  Hughes  protested  against 
such  a  decision,  but  he  was  over-ruled.  A  sample  of 
the  milder  claims  made  by  these  fakers  is  that  made 
for  the  “Egyptian  Deodorizer  and  Germ  Killer”:  “A 
perfect  fumigator  and  destroyer  of  disease  germs.  No 
more  bad  odors  or  danger  from  germs,  destroying 
menace  of  drainage,  and  other  sources  of  disease.” 
Analysis  showed  that  this  was  some  sort  of  wood — 
probably  cedar— perfumed  with  essential  oils.  It  did 
not  kill  any  “germs”— they  grew  fat  on  it! 

Another  snide  preparation  is  “Painease.”  “Stops 
all  pain  such  as  rheumatism,  neuralgia,  periodicals, 
backache,  headache,  etc.;  in  fact  it  is  for  aches  and 
pains  of  every  description.  It  is  a  sure  and  very 
effective  remedy  for  excessive  dissipation  of  any  kind. 
Contains  no  poisonous  drug  or  opiate  of  any  nature.” 
The  pure  food  and  drug  chemists  brought  criminal 
charges  against  the  proprietor  of  this  stuff.  It  was 
claimed  to  be  misbranded  because  of  these  statements. 
They  are  false  and  misleading  because  “Painease” 
will  not  stop  all  pains,”  and  contains  a  poisonous 
drug.  Under  the  Supreme  Court  decision  nothing  can 
be  done  to  stop  these  wild  and  false  “claims.”  Presi¬ 
dent  Taft  now  asks  Congress  to  tighten  up  the  law 
so  as  to  cut  out  these  fakes  and  snides  by  making 
their  extravagant  claims  illegal.  Congress  should 
act  at  once.  No  decent  man  can  object.  These 
rascals  get  over  80  cents  of  the  consumer’s  dollar  in 
their  pretended  “cures,”  and  usually  leave  the  suf¬ 
ferer  worse  off  than  before,  since  he  is  usually  on 
the  road  to  some  drug  habit.  Yet  this  is  the  sort  of 
stuff  we  were  asked  to  defend.  The  Advertisers’ 
Protective  Association  offers  what  amounts  to  a 
bribe  of  advertising  to  the  papers  which  will  attack 
Dr.  Wiley  and  help  break  down  his  work  in  choking 
off  these  drug  nuisances!  We  have  been  waiting  to 
see  how  many  papers  would  spurn  the  bribe  offer. 
Thus  far  “The  Outlook”  and  “Collier’s  Weekly”  have 
done  so.  If  any  other  farm  papers  have  spoken  out 
we  have  not  noticed  it. 

*  » 

See  what  those  practical  fruit  growers  say  about 
crown  gall  on  page  734.  These  men  would  not  plant 
trees  showing  the  galls.  The  following  letter  states 
it  about  right : 

No  one  should  receive  and  use  any  kind  of  nursery 
stock  or  trees  with  any  defect  or  infestation,  because  there 
is  plenty  of  clean  healthy  stock.  If  it  is  sent  anyone  it 
should  be  immediately  returned  and  refused.  As  to  their 
value,  on  poor  soils  where  weak,  slow  or  imperfect  growth 
is  made  or  likely  to  be  made  by  newly  planted  nursery 
stock,  gall-infested  trees  will  not  thrive  or  do  well.  On 
strong  soils  rich  with  humus  where  fine  growth  is  likely 
the  galls  are  of  vex-y  little  damage.  Trees  will  outgrow 
them,  and  they  are  little  damaged.  It  is  a  mighty  poor 
plan  to  start  out  on  a  25-year  trip  with  an  orchard  and 
have  anything  wrong  with  it  in  the  start.  There  is 
plenty  that  is  liable  to  happen.  wm.  bombeuger. 

Those  last  two  sentences  suit  us.  On  page  702  we 
mentioned  a  case  in  Massachusetts  where  a  fruit 
grower  sued  to  recover  damages  caused  by  galled 
trees.  The  case  was  decided  against  him,  not  because 
the  evidence  proved  that  galls  are  harmless,  but  be¬ 
cause  this  grower  did  not  prove  they  are  harmful. 

We  shall  continue  to  throw  out  the  galled  trees. 

* 

What  about  parcels  post?  The  R.  N.-Y.  believes 
in  giving  its  readers  the  truth  about  parcels  post, 
reciprocity  and  other  public  matters.  There  is  no 
use  bluffing  or  trying  to  hide  the  facts.  Regardless 
of  their  personal  desires,  farmers  will  be  better  off 
to  know  the  real  situation.  We  have  not  believed  that 
the  present  Congress  will  do  anything  with  parcels 
post  at  this  session.  Our  information  is  that  Speaker 
Clark  is  as  definitely  opposed  to  it  as  was  Mr.  Cannon. 
True,  a  committee  is  giving  “hearings,”  but  little  or 
no  progress  is  made.  This  committee  usually  shuts  off 
argument  by  asking  “What  form  of  parcels  post  do 
you  want?”  There  are  usually  several  bills  before 
them,  some  of  which  are  purposely  put  in  to  confuse 


July  s, 

the  issue.  It  seems  that  a  great  many  farmers 
thoughtlessly  signed  petitions  which  they  did  not 
read  or  understand.  These  now  turn  up  against 
parcels  post  and  in  favor  of  the  country  storekeepers 
and  express  companies.  The  express  companies  are 
working  quietly  all  the  time.  An  organization  of 
“business  men”  is  working  for  a  penny  postage.  If 
they  get  it  there  will  be  another  shortage  in  the 
postal  revenues,  and  parcels  post  will  be  held  up. 
Thus  it  has  come  to  be  a  square  fight  between  the 
city  business  men  and  country  people.  Shall  the 
former  have  their  letter  postage  cut  in  two,  or  shall 
the  latter  get  some  relief  from  the  express  monopoly. 
All  the  powers  which  have  so  long  opposed  us  will 
be  back  of  the  demand  for  penny  postage.  It  must 
be  evident  now  to  anyone  who  is  able  to  think  that 
neither  of  the  present  political  parties  will  help  in  this 
fight  except  in  the  must  perfunctory  manner.  We  do 
not  believe  either  one  of  them  will  dare  antagonize 
the  express  companies  or  the  men  who  want  penny 
postage  first.  We  must  therefore  form  an  organiza¬ 
tion  of  our  own.  Make  parcels  post  and  what  goes 
with  it  the  vital  issue,  and  elect  a  Congress  that  will 
iep  us;  and  above  all  things,  get  rid  of  the  farm 
politicians  who  have  put  us  in  a  false  position  over 
reciprocity. 

* 

Before  the  original  United  States  Constitution  was 
adopted  the  various  States  had  the  right  to  pass  tariff 
laws.  In  1787  the  New  York  Legislature  undertook 
to  tax  if  not  destroy  a  trade  between  New  Jersey 
and  Connecticut  and  New  York  City.  The  two  States 
mentioned  shipped  vast  quantities  of  firewood,  vege¬ 
tables  and  poultry  to  the  city.  The  Dutch  farmers 
were  experts  and  their  produce  was  superior.  They 
sent  it  on  boats  down  the  rivers  and  across  the  bay. 
The  best  firewood  came  from  Connecticut,  and  was 
shipped  direct  by  boat.  The  New  York  Legislature 
determined  to  kill  this  trade,  although  New  York 
farmers  could  not  supply  the  goods  as  well  as  the 
Dutchmen  and  Yankees.  So  they  put  a  tariff  on  all 
such  produce,  and  compelled  all  boats  bringing  it  from 
the  two  States  to  enter  and  clear  at  the  custom  house. 
This  led  to  a  “tariff  war.”  New  York  City  owned 
four  acres  at  Sandy  Hook  within  the  limits  of  New 
Jersey.  A  lighthouse  was  built  there  and  the  New 
Jersey  Legislature  taxed  it  30  pounds  per  month  !  In 
Connecticut  a  league  was  formed,  the  members  bind¬ 
ing.  themselves  under  a  severe  penalty  not  to  send  any 
ai  tide  whatever  to  New  York  for  one  year.  This 
did  not  go  on  long  enough  to  give  results,  for  within 
a  year  the  Constitution  was  ratified  and  with  this  New 
York  lost  her  power  to  tax  her  neighbors.  Here  was 
a  protective  tariff  carried  to  its  extreme.  No  one 
benefited  by  it.  New  York  City  people  were  held  up 
for  extortionate  prices,  the  people  of  New  Jersey  and 
Connecticut  suffered,  New  York  farmers  were  too 
far  away  to  reap  full  benefit.  The  only  ones  who 
made  anything  out  of  it  were  the  middlemen  or  deal¬ 
ers  and  custom  house  officers.  The  trade  of  Connecti¬ 
cut  went  to  Boston,  and  New  Jersey  taxed  New  York 
for  her  lighthouse !  In  the  Senate  last  week  Senator 
Root,  of  New  York,  virtually  admitted  that  our  high 
protective  tariff  had  been  of  little  or  no  direct  benefit 
to  our  farmers.  For  years  The  R.  N.-Y.  has  claimed 
without  serious  dispute  that  the  Northern  farmers 
have  by  their  votes  kept  the  tariff  alive— receiving 
about  five  cents  worth  of  benefit  to  the  dollar  which 
has  gone  to  other  interests. 


BREVITIES. 

You  want  dried  grass  rather  than  hay. 

If  Alfalfa  and  clover  are  hurt  by  the  dodder— let  us 
fill  up  their  place  with  a  crop  of  corn  fodder. 

Last  year  70,934, (175  barrels  of  cement  were  made  In 
this  country— 10,000,000  more  than  the  year  before. 

Some  of  those  old  hens  have  about  quit  laying  now. 
Let  rid  of  them.  Do  not  let  them  become  boarders 
Eat  them  or  sell  them. 

In  Germany  a  fresh  water  fish  association  has  been 
formed.  Special  efforts  are  made  to  breed  and  feed  carp 
and  experiments  in  feeding  the  fish  are  as  carefully  car¬ 
ried  out  as  are  those  in  cattle  feeding  here. 

The  latest  proposition  for  getting  rich  is  to  raise  gold¬ 
fish  for  sale.  There  are  several  places  where  these  fish 
are  bred  in  large  quantities.  The  gentlemen  who  get  the 
most  gold  out  of  fishing  are  those  who  catch  suckers  with 
Florida  land,  mining  stocks  or  get-rich-quick  schemes. 

The  government  tested  the  shrinkage  in  28,000  pounds 
of  shelled  corn  under  ordinary  storage.  During  147  days 
this  corn  lost  1,970  pounds,  or  seven  per  cent.  The 
weight  went  up  and  down  as  the  corn  absorbed  moisture 
or  dried  out.  Wet  weather  was  the  best  time  to  sell  it— 
dry  weather  for  buying. 

We  have  a  letter  from  a  man  who  says  he  would  like 
to  come  to  the  farm  and  eat  baked  apples  and  cream. 
He  also  suggests  that  he  is  not  able  to  do  hai'd  work. 
Our  experience  is  that  the  ability  to  eat  apples  and 
cream  goes  with  a  large  dose  of  hard  work  on  the  part 
of  somebody.  We  have  never  been  able  to  sepaiate  the 
two. 


1911. 


THE  RURAR  tst EW-YORKER 


7-41 


DIARY  OF  FARM  WORK. 

A  Central  New  York  Dairy  Farm. 

June  13. — We  arose  at  5  a.  m.  and  found 
tbe  ground  soaked  with  water.  In  fact,  it 
has  been  raining  nearly  every  day  for  a 
week  and  thunder  showers  followed  thunder 
showers.  The  culmination  came  last  nigut, 
when  terrible  black  clouds  rolled  up  from 
the  west ;  but  before  the  storm  broke  it 
seemed  to  split — thanks  to  the  hills — and 
the  heft  of  it  went  either  side  of  us.  Five 
miles  south  trees  were  uprooted  and  the 
roofs  blown  from  some  buildings.  As  it 
was  we  only  got  a  good  soaking,  which  of 
course  precludes  working  the  ground  to-day. 
But  we  have  the  chores  to  do,  and  I  hustle 
•after  the  cows  while  Carlyle  feeds  the  horses. 
The  younger  boy,  Harold,  milks  three  easy 
cows,  and  when  we  are  nearly  through,  puts 
Dolly  on  the  tread  to  separate  the  milk. 
We  feed  the  calves  and  pigs  the  warm,  new 
milk  right  from  the  separator,  and  the 
youngest  calves  get  a  little  whole  milk,  while 
the  older  ones  have  dry  grain  after  their 
milk.  Breakfast  at  7,  and  Harold  and  the 
girl  get  ready  to  drive  over  to  the  high 
school.  This  is  the  last  week,  and  Carlyle 
graduates.  He  has  no  school  work  to-day 
and  will  help  me.  The  children  take  along 
20  quarts  of  cream  for  the  ice-cream  man, 
but  we  do  not  deliver  butter  to-day.  Car¬ 
lyle  washes  the  separator  and  milk  utensils 
and  slicks  up  the  dairy  house  while  I  clean 
the  barn. 

It  is  a  good  thing  that  we  have  a  wet 
day  when  it  is  not  actually  raining.  This 
has  been  a  fine  Spring  for  work  since  it 
finally  came,  and  we  have  kept  right  out  in 
the  fields  regardless  of  everything  else.  Last 
Fall  I  bought  a  barn  and  tore  it  down  and 
built  an  addition  to  our  home  barn.  Of 
course  there  was  a  great  litter  around,  and 
snow  came  before  we  got  it  cleaned  up.  Well 
that  mess  has  lain  around  ever  since,  and 
people  would  ride  past  and  make  remarks 
about  it — and  very  properly  too.  So  to-day 
we  went  after  this  stuff,  sorting  out  what 
might  be  useful  and  putting  it  in  different 
piles  out  of  the  way,  while  the  rubbish  was 
drawn  to  the  woodyard  ready  for  the  buzz- 
saw.  We  had  it  pretty  well  cleaned  up  at 
four  o’clock  when  it  began  raining  again, 
and  soon  the  children  arrived  from  school 
pretty  wet,  but  happy,  for  Helen  does  not 
have'  to  wash  the  mud-bespattered  white 
dress. 

Supper  a  little  before  five,  and  then  a 
repetition  of  the  morning  chores.  After  that 
a  bustle  to  get  ready  for  town,  for  this  is 
“Grange  night.”  There  we  found  several 
candidates  waiting  to  take  degrees,  and  as 
the  Overseer  was  absent.  I  was  called  upon 
to  fill  that  station.  It  was  10.40  when  the 
Master  asked  “Are  the  labors  of  the  day 
completed,”  and  it  was  very  thankfully 
that  I  replied,  “They  are.  Worthy  Master.” 
But  there  was  still  ice  cream  and  cake  to 
be  eaten  and  the  drive  home,  so  the  clock 
was  just  striking  the  hour  of  midnight  when 
we  came  into  the  house.  Then  we  went  to 
bed  very  well  satisfied  for  “the  life  of  the 
farmer  you  know  is  the  happiest  life  ever 
led — provided  he  works  18  hours  every  day 
and  devotes  only  six  to  his  bed.”- 

Madison  Co.,  N.  Y.  J.  grant  morse. 

A  Mexican  Farm  Day. 

On  the  14th  of  .Tune  the  following  was 
done  on  my  place  near  here  called  “Itancho 
El  Faro.”  On  the  break  of  day  five  men 
were  started  planting  corn  and  planted  dur¬ 
ing  the  day  40  liters  each,  total  of  200 
liters  or  two  hectoliters,  or  11.32  bushels. 
The  ground  had  been  previously  prepared  by 
plowing  six  to  eight  inches  deep  and  then 
thoroughly  smoothed  over  with  a  No.  5  Cut¬ 
away  double  disk  harrow.  We  had  several 
good  rains  the  few  days  previous,  making 
the  ground  easy  to  work.  All  planting  was 
done  by  hand  ;  as  the  furrows  were  turned 
boys  followed  dropping  the  grain.  We  are 
entirely  dependent  on  the  rains  to  make  a 
crop,  and  this  year  is  very  promising.  The 
land  is  also  prepared  before  in  May,  so  as 
to  take  advantage  of  the  first  rains  for 
planting.  Between  the  corn  we  shall  also 
plant  heans,  but  this  will  be  done  the  lat¬ 
ter  part  of  the  month.  My  place  is  300 
acres,  and  will  have  over  200  acres  in  crops 
by  the  end  of  this  month,  corn  and  beans ; 

I  have  also  cut  wheat  crop  from  part  of  it. 
Our  altitude  is  G,200  feet  above  sea  level, 
climate  dry  and  extremely  healthy.  Soil  is 
red,  sandy  loam,  in  parts  very  deep. 
Chihuahua,  Mex.  E.  o.  matiiews. 

Rain  on  a  Jersey  Truck  Farm. 

It  was  Saturday  night,  and  as  Mr.  Trucker 
planned  the  work  for  the  following  week 
the  prospect  was  bright.  In  the  12-acre 
patch  of  sweet  potatoes  crab  grass  was 
starting,  but  he  planned  to  put  the  day 
hands  in  it  Monday  after  cutting  asparagus, 
while  a  slx-aci-e  field  of  tomatoes  was  to  be 
harrowed  by  the  boy  before  the  vines  closed 
the  rows.  He  also  thought  with  satisfac¬ 
tion  of  a  six-acre  field  of  strawberries  that 
would  be  in  prime  market  condition  by  Mon¬ 
day,  when  18  pickers  would  start  picking 
them.  Then,  too,  a  two-acre  plot  of  Al¬ 
falfa,  cut  the  day  before,  was  now  in  the 
cock,  with  prospect  of  good  weather  over 
Sunday.  Such  was  the  situation  Saturday 
night. 

Sunday  morning  dawned  bright  and  pleas¬ 
ant,  so  Mr.  Trucker  and  family  hitched  up 
and  drove  to  church.  They  enjoyed  the 
sermon,  and,  after  a  short  talk  with  friends, 
drove  home.  Thus  far  things  had  been  go¬ 
ing  smoothly,  but  from  this  on  Mr.  Trucker 
seemed  to  be  baffled  at  every  turn.  The 
day  was  very  warm,  and  on  reaching  home 
he  found  an  Italian  who  wanted  the  “boss” 
to  come  right  away  over  to  the  house  and 
6top  too  much  trouble  and  fight.  Mr. 
Trucker  went  and  found  two  gangs  of  berry 
pickers  quarrelling  over  water.  The  well 
had  gone  dry,  and  a  gang  from  another 
farm  insisted  on  pumping  before  any  more 
ran  In.  This  made  trouble  all  around.  Mr. 
Trucker  straightened  things  out,  but  was 
late  for  dinner,  and  consequently  his  after¬ 
noon  nap  was  shortened.  The  evening  was 
pleasant.  It  was  spent  in  visiting  a  neigh¬ 
bor,  and  when  driving  home  Mr.  Trucker 
remarked  that  he  would  get  at  least  one 
lot  of  Alfalfa  cured  exactly  as  farm  papers 
say  It  should  be.  But  not  so.  In  the  night 
he  was  awakened  by  thunder,  got  up, 
dressed,  closed  the  barn  doors  and  reached 
the  house  just  as  the  storm  broke.  It  was 
the  heaviest  of  the  season,  with  high  wind. 
When  moteing  dawned  a  six-acre  field  of 
rye  was  almo  flat  tomatoes,  melons  and 
cantaloupe  vines  twisted,  strawberry  patch 
soaking  .e  ,  potat;  field  too  wet  to  work 
in  that  day,  while  asparagus,  grown  very 


tall  over  the  warm  Sunday,  had  turned 
tips  into  the  wind,  and  every  shoot  was 
crooked.  It  was  cut  and  bunched  between 
showers  and  ready  for  shipment  by  noon. 
The  berry  pickers  picked  56  crates  (32 
quarts)  of  berries,  and  these,  with  a  veal 
calf,  were  all  to  be  shipped  on  the  midday 
freight.  Mr.  Trucker  attempted  to  call  up 
a  dealer  on  the  telephone  to  get  prices,  but 
it  was  burned  out  and  he  learned  nothing. 
On  reaching  the  station  he  found  the  price 
50  cents  a  crate  less  than  on  Saturday. 
Little  was  done  in  the  potato  field  that 
afternoon. 

Monday  night  another  shower  came  up 
and  proved  more  destructive  than  the  other, 
with  greater  rainfall ;  there  was.  therefore, 
the  following  day  no  harrowing  in  the  to¬ 
mato  patch,  and  very  ineffective  work  in 
the  potato  field.  It  was  hot  and  showery ; 
pickers  managed  to  get  only  16  crates,  while 
some  berries  began  to  rot.  Tuesday  night 
there  was  another  shower,  but  not  as  heavy 
as  before. 

Wednesday  was  clear  and  cool.  Aspar¬ 
agus  was  cut  early.  Mr.  Trucker  could  wait 
no  longer,  so  started  two  of  the  day  hands 
in  the  potato  field  to  “move”  the  grass,  if 
not  to  kill  it.  Another  plowed  a  three- 
year-old  berry  patch  in  preparation  for  a 
crop  of  90-day  corn.  The  boy  harrowed 
asparagus,  as  no  harm  could  be  done  that 
crop,  even  if  soil  was  wet.  The  pickers  got 
103  crates  of  berries,  which  were  sold  to 
dealers  at  the  low  price  of  .$1.40  a  crate. 
The  Alfalfa  was  spread  out  to  dry. 

Thursday  dawned  clear,  bright  and  cool. 
Just  the  right  kind  of  weather  for  straw¬ 
berries,  for  drying  Alfalfa  or  killing  grass. 
Mr.  Trucker  was  sure  things  were  going  to 
shape  up  again.  After  cutting  asparagus 
he  started  the  boy  in  that  tomato  patch ; 
vines  had  grown  so  he  could  only  harrow 
once  to  the  middle,  but  it  helped.  The  day 
hands  were  put  in  the  potato  patch  and  by 
noon  made  a  good  showing.  After  noon  the 
Italians  picked  peas,  one  man  raked  up 
Alfalfa,  and  Mr.  Trucker  took  78  crates  of 
berries,  picked  in  the  morning,  to  the  sta¬ 
tion.  When  he  returned,  the  springs  were 
taken  from  under  the  wagon  body,  stand¬ 
ards  put  in,  and  three  men  started  for  the 
Alfalfa.  There  were  two  loads.  One  was 
soon  on  and  up  to  the  barn,  but  a  clap  of 
thunder  was  heard  and  another  shower  was 
seen  approaching.  Mr.  Trucker  had  every¬ 
thing  in  readiness,  two  forkfuls  wore  in 
the  barn,  and  the  grapple  fork  jammed 
down  for  another  load  when  the  storm 
broke.  The  wind  caught  the  mow  door,  the 
rope  broke  and  the  door  blew  shut,  jam¬ 
ming  the  car  and  pulley.  The  air  was  full 
of  sand,  and  Mr.  Trucker  had  all  he  could 
do  to  get  the  horses  in  the  stable.  Then  it 
rained,  and  Mr.  Trucker  declared  Alfalfa  was 
no  crop  for  him  to  grow.  It  rained  every 
time  he  touched  it,  and  to  the  best  of  his 
knowledge  he  had  never  cut  a  single  load 
without  getting  it  wet.  The  storm  was  soon 
over,  however,  the  jammed  door  loosened, 
and  after  throwing  part  of  the  load  on  the 
floor  for  feeding,  the  remainder  was  put 
in  the  mow.  It  was  too  damp  to  haul  the 
other  load,  and  as  the  boy  had  reported  a 
full  crop  of  bugs  on  the  potatoes  and  egg¬ 
plants,  Mr.  Trucker  decided  to  go  to  town 
and  get  some  Paris  green.  But  at  this 
point  some  one  shouted :  “Hello,  Boss ! 
Cows  are  out!  Wind  blew  down  the  fence!” 
On  going  around  the  barn  he  saw  one  lot 
of  cows  in  the  cabbage  patch  (cabbage  al¬ 
most  ready  to  cut  and  higher  than  for 
years),  and  another,  consisting  mostly  of 
milkers,  helping  themselves  to  onions.  They 
were  brought  up ;  one  man  dispatched  to 
fix  fence  and  Mr.  Trucker  drove  away,  think¬ 
ing  of  what  the  good  wife  would  say  when 
she  found  the  milk  and  cream  flavored  witff 
onion. 

Things  go  Better. — Friday  morning 
dawned  bright  and  clear.  Mr.  Trucker  de¬ 
termined  to  make  this  day’s  work  count. 
No  berries  were  to  be  marketed,  so  he  hired 
seven  of  the  Italians,  paying  $1.25  each,  and 
set  them  in  the  large  potato  patch  with 
“scalpers.”  The  day  hands  cut  asparagus 
and  then  two  of  them,  with  the  boy  to  har¬ 
row,  tackled  a  plot  of  20,000  sweet  potatoes 
planted  in  the  young  peach  orchard.  An¬ 
other,  after  dusting  Paris  green  mixed  with 
plaster  on  the  white  potatoes,  hoed  a  young 
bed  of  asparagus,  while  the  fourth  cut  off 
pea  vines  from  the  patch  picked  for  the  last 
time  the  day  before,  and  hauled  them  to  the 
cows.  Trucker,  Jr.,  bunched  the  asparagus, 
ran  the  weeder  over  the  patch,  then  har¬ 
rowed  eggplants.  Mr.  Trucker  himself,  after 
getting  the  others  started,  cultivated  corn 
with  a  two-horse  gang  plow.  This  made  a 
total  of  14  “grass  fighters,”  and  they  won 
out.  By  night  the  large  patch  of  potatoes 
was  finished,  three  acres  of  tomato  patch 
cleaned  up  around  the  hill,  asparagus  hoed, 
pea  vines  cut  off  and  the  ground  ready  to 
fit  for  string  beans,  eggplants  harrowed, 
much  of  the  eight-acre  cornfield  cleaned  up. 
and  Mr.  Trucker  began  to  take  heart  again. 

Saturday  morning  the  Italians  picked  ber¬ 
ries  again ;  they  picked  the  small  patches 
and  surprised  Mr.  Trucker  by  getting  41 
crates,  much  more  than  he  expected.  The 
day  hands,  after  cutting  asparagus  (only  50 
bunches  this  time),  finished  the  small  patch 
of  potatoes  and  hoed  watermelons.  The  boy 
crated  berries  and  Mr.  Trucker  finished  the 
corn.  Trucker,  Jr.,  bunched  the  “grass,” 
finished  harrowing  the  tomatoes  and  in  the 
afternoon  harrowed  the  white  potatoes 
(small  patch  for  home  use),  then  harrowed 
squashes  until  night.  Mr.  Trucker  took  the 
berries  and  asparagus  away  at  noon,  after 
which  the  other  load  of  Alfalfa  was  hauled 
in,  and,  as  the  last  forkful  went  in  the 
barn,  a  few  drops  of  rain  fell,  and  after 
supper  it  settled  in  for  a  rainy  night. 

After  a  good,  hearty  supper,  topped  off 
with  a  big  dish  of  strawberries  and  cream 
(not  tainted  with  onions,  either),  Mr. 
Trucker  had  time  to  look  over  the  mail. 
First  of  all  there  were  two  checks  for  ber¬ 
ries,  one  of  them  larger  than  he  expected. 
Another  letter  contained  a  check  for  $18  for 
the  calf  (240  pounds  at  7/2  cents),  while 
in  another  was  an  account  sales  of  mis¬ 
cellaneous  produce  from  his  regular  commis¬ 
sion  house,  showing  asparagus  prices  higher, 
fancy  selling  at  $3  a  dozen  bunches,  while 
for  early  peas  the  prices  ranged  from  85 
cents  to  $1  a  basket.  Only  one  bushel  of 
seed  had  been  planted,  but  from  that  the 
yield  was  91  20-quart  baskets.  The  returns 
on  the  crop,  less  freight  and  commission, 
were  $78.05.  There  was  also  a  daily  paper 
and  several  farm  papers,  but  before  he  set¬ 
tled  down  to  read  Mr.  Trucker  walked  to 
the  barn,  and  as  he  saw  the  clean  crops  on 


either  side,  he  felt  that,  after  all,  the  week’s 
work  had  not  counted  for  naught.  On  en¬ 
tering  the  barn  and  seeing  the  horses  con¬ 
tentedly  chewing  the  Alfalfa  hay,  he  thought 
that  after  all  it  would  not  be  well  for  him 
to  stop  growing  it,  for  spoiled  Alfalfa  might 
be  better  than  no  Alfalfa,  and  on  thinking 
of  the  fine  tomatoes  growing  on  Alfalfa  sod, 
and  of  those  alongside  (without  an  Alfalfa 
foundation)  net  nearly  so  good,  he  conclud¬ 
ed  that  a  truck  farm  was  a  pretty  good 
place,  after  all,  but  it  would  not  be  quite  as 
nice  if  he  left  out  the  Alfalfa. 

Gloucester  Co.,  N.  J.  trucker,  jb. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — Judges  Gray  of  Wilming¬ 
ton,  Buffington  of  Pittsburg  and  Lanning  of 
Trenton,  N.  J.,  filed  an  opinion  in  the 
United  States  Circuit  Court  at  Wilmington, 
Del.,  June  24,  declaring  the  DuPont  Powder 
Company  and  27  other  companies  and  indi¬ 
viduals  to  be  guilty  of  “maintaining  a  com¬ 
bination  in  restraint  of  interstate  com¬ 
merce  in  powder  and  other  explosives.”  The 
Dills  against  Senator  Henry  A.  DuPont  and 
14  other  defendants  were  dismissed.  This 
is  the  suit  of  the  Government  against  the 
powder  trust  for  alleged  violation  of  the 
Sherman  antitrust  act.  The  opinion, 
which  was  written  by  Judge  Lanning,  and 
in  which  the  other  two  Judges  concur,  en¬ 
joins  the  defendants  from  continuing  “said 
combination”  and  orders  that  it  be  dis¬ 
solved.  The  court  will  hear  on  October  16 
as  “to  the  nature  of  the  injunction  which 
shall  be  granted  herein  and  as  to  any  plan 
for  dissolving  said  combination.” 

Two  deaths  from  cholera  and  one  death 
at  sea  hitherto  not  reported  were  announced 
June  21  at  Quarantine,  New  York.  Paolo 
Lebuzzetti,  three  years  old,  died  at  the 
pest  house  on  Swinburne  Island,  and  Mel- 
chiorre  Raffa,  29  years  old,  died  on  the 
transfer  boat  "James  W.  Wadsworth”  on 
the  way  to  Swinburne  Island.  In  all  four 
cases  have  developed.  All  the  dead  were 
passengers  on  board  the  Duca  degli  Abruzzi, 
which  arrived  at  New  York  June  20  from 
Mediterranean  ports. 

William  A.  Diboll,  the  treasurer  of  the 
United  Wireless  Telegraph  Company,  who 
was  sentenced  on  May  29  to  a  year’s  im¬ 
prisonment  on  Blackwell’s  Island  after  con¬ 
viction  with  Col.  C.  C.  Wilson  and  the 
other  Wireless  officials  of  using  the  mails 
to  defraud,  was  released  June  21  on  pay¬ 
ment  of  a  fine  of  $2,000.  The  change  in 
the  sentence  was  ordered  by  Judge  Martin 
of  the  Federal  District  Court  of  Vermont, 
who  presided  at  the  trial  here.  No  reason 
is  given  for  this  clemency  to  Diboll,  and  it 
is  known  that  the  change  was  made  with* 
out  the  concurrence  of  the  United  States 
Attorney.  Diholl  has  been  in  the  Tombs 
since  the  original  sentence  was  passed  on 
him,  and  he  and  his  associates  have  given 
notice  that  they  would  appeal. 

Literally  buried  under  $9,000,000  in  gold, 
Wadsworth  S.  Williams,  an  employe  of  the 
San  Francisco  Mint,  was  so  badly  injured 
June  22  that  his  recovery  is  doubtful.  The 
gold,  in  sacks,  toppled  over  in  one  of  the 
money  vaults  and  overwhelmed  Williams, 
who  was  wheeling  a  truck. 

Miss  Mildred  De  Haven,  a  daughter  of 
Hugh  De  Haven,  president  of  the  De  Haven 
Manufacturing  Company  of  Brooklyn,  and 
Miss  Helen  Wilson,  a  daughter  of  H.  R. 
Wilson  of  New  York,  were  burned  to  death 
June  24  at  Nantucket,  Mass.,  in  a  fire 
which  destroyed  the  boathouse  at  the  coun¬ 
try  home  of  William  Barnes,  Jr.,  Chairman 
of  the  New  York  State  Republican  Com¬ 
mittee.  Thomas  Kerr  of  New  York,  one  of 
the  guests,  and  Ulysses  Penhad,  Mr.  Barnes’ 
butler,  were  badly  burned  when,  after  es¬ 
caping  from  the  boathouse,  they  went  back 
to  look  for  the  missing  members  of  the 
party,  and  both  died  later.  The  fire  was 
started  by  a  smoker  who  threw  a  lighted 
match  upon  a  floor,  where  it  ignited  inflam¬ 
mable  material. 

The  Federal  Grand  Jury  at  New  York 
returned  an  indictment  June  26  against  of¬ 
ficials  of  the  manufacturing  corporations 
engaged  in  the  production  of  paper  board 
which  compose  the  Eastern  Box  Board 
Club,  said  to  be  the  successor  of  the  Fibre 
and  Manila  Association,  which  was  de¬ 
clared  to  be  illegal  in  1910.  The  indict¬ 
ment,  made  under  the  criminal  provisions 
of  the  Sherman  anti-trust  law,  charges  the 
presidents,  other  officers  and  agents  of  the 
various  companies  Included  in  the  mem¬ 
bership  of  the  Eastern  Box  Board  Club  with 
being  engaged  in  an  illegal  combination  in 
restraint  of  interstate  trade  by  limiting  the 
output  and  fixing  prices  arbitrarily.  The 
criminal  action  was  brought  by  Henry  A. 
Wise,  United  States  Attorney,  as  the  most 
drastic  remedy  at  law,  because  many  of  the 
new  indicted  individuals  were  connected 
with  corporations  which  composed  the  Fibre 
and  Manila  Association.  This  organization, 
which  operated  under  the  “Parks  pooling 
plan,”  was  declared  to  be  illegal  and  ordered 
dissolved  in  February,  1910,  by  Judge 
Hough  in  the  United  States  Circuit  Court. 
Pleas  of  guilty  were  thereupon  entered  by 
39  members  of  the  association  and  fines  ag¬ 
gregating  $88,000  were  paid. 

A  terrific  thunder  and  hailstorm  at  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.,  June  27,  compelled  the  Sen¬ 
ate  to  adjourn,  as  it  was  impossible  to  hear 
speakers  owing  to  the  noise  of  the  storm. 
Lightning  struck  the  dairy  building  at  the 
National  Soldiers’  Home,  igniting  hay  In 
the  loft  and  causing  the  destruction  of  one 
wing  of  the  building  and  a  loss  of  $33,000. 
Seventy-two  Holstein  cattle  were  in  the 
barns,  but  all  were  led  out  in  safety.  The 
hailstones  injured  crops  and  fruit  trees. 

FARM  AND  GARDEN. — A  mass  meeting 
of  New  England  milk  farmers  at  Boston 
June  26  decided  that  a  price  on  milk  could 
be  agreed  upon,  despite  interpretations  of 
the  Sherman  law.  The  Boston  contractors 
refused  to  meet  any  representatives  of  the 
producers’  union  that  day  regarding  prices. 
The  committee  was  appointed  to  call  on  the 
contractors  and  report  that  a  price  on  milk 
had  been  agreed  upon. 

The  29th  annual  convention  of  the  Amer¬ 
ican  Seed  Trade  Association  assembled  at 
the  Rock-Mere  Hotel,  Marblehead,  Mass., 
June  20,  President  E.  L.  Page  of  Greene, 
N.  Y„  in  the  chair.  Edgar  Gregory,  of  Mar¬ 
blehead  delivered  an  address  describing  the 
local  points  of  interest  and  recounting  some 
of  the  old-time  legends,  and  the  historical 
associations  that  would  be  of  interest  to 
the  visitor.  The  following  officers  were 


elected :  President,  Leonard  II.  Vaughan, 
Chicago ;  first  vice-president,  Marsha H. 
Duryea,  New  York ;  second  vice-president, 
Edgar  Gregory,  Marblehead,  Mass. ;  secre¬ 
tary-treasurer,  C.  E.  Kendel,  Cleveland,  O.  ; 
assistant  secretary,  J.  II.  Ford,  Ravenna,  O. 

The  36th  annual  convention  of  the  Amer¬ 
ican  Association  of  Nurserymen  was  held  at 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  June  14,  15  and  16.  About 
165  members  registered.  The  secretary’s  re¬ 
port  showed  a  present  membership  of  about 
400,  and  the  treasurer  reported  a  balance  on 
hand  of  over  $5,000.  The  following  officers 
were  elected :  President,  J.  H.  Dayton, 
Painesville,  O. ;  vice-president,  W.  II.  Wy¬ 
man,  .North  Abington,  Mass.;  secretary, 
John  Hall,  Rochester.  N.  Y. ;  treasurer,  C. 

L.  Yates,  Rochester,  N.  Y.  Executive  com¬ 
mittee  :  E.  M.  Sherman,  H.  B.  Chase,  .T.  M. 
Pitkin.  The  next  place  of  meeting  is  to  be 
Boston,  Mass. 

WASHINGTON.— President  Taft,  in  a 
message  transmitted  to  Congress  June  21 
scathingly  arraigned  the  manufacturers  of 
what  he  denounced  as  “dangerous  drug 
frauds,”  and  urged  Congress  to  amend  at 
this  session  the  pure  food  and  drug  law  to 
strengthen  that  act  in  vital  points  of  weak¬ 
ness  recently  pointed  out  by  decisions  of 
the  United  States  Supreme  Court.  Presi¬ 
dent  Taft  believes  that  unless  the  law  is 
amended  forthwith  the  country  will  be 
flooded  again  by  “injurious  nostrums”  and 
“cure-alls,”  which  were  common  before  the 
pure  food  law  first  was  enacted.  The  mes¬ 
sage  was  transmitted  both  to  the  Senate 
and  House,  and  it  was  said  that  the  latter 
body  probably  would  take  the  matter  up 
at  an  early  date.  Representative  Shirley  of 
Kentucky  already  has  introduced  a  bill 
bearing  on  the  subject. 

Senator  Jonathan  Bourne,  chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Post  Offices  and  Post 
Roads,  June  23  introduced  a  bill  intended 
to  promote  the  establishment  of  domestic 
parcel  posts  in  the  United  States.  The 
bill  provides  that  from  and  after  the  pas¬ 
sage  of  the  act  no  higher  postal  rate  shall 
be  charged  for  the  transmission  of  mail 
entirely  within  the  United  States  or  its 
possessions  than  is  charged  for  transmis¬ 
sion  of  mail  partly  within  and  partly  with¬ 
out  the  United  States  or  its  possessions. 
The  Postmaster  General  is  authorized  and 
required  to  establish  and  enforce  rules  and 
regulations  which  will  give  the  people  of 
the  United  States  rights  and  privileges  in 
the  use  of  the  United  States  mails  as  liberal 
as  the  rights  and  privileges  the  United 
States  accords  to  the  people  of  the  most 
favored  nation. 

Fred  Dennett,  Commissioner  of  the  Gen¬ 
eral  Land  Office,  has  rejected  all  of  the 
Cunningham  claims  to  Alaska  coal  lands, 
thus  reserving  to  the  Government  title  to 
5,250  acres  of  the  most  valuable  coal  lands 
in  Alaska.  The  decision  of  Commissioner 
Dennett,  which  is  exhaustive  as  to  fact, 
and  which  finds  conclusively  that  from 
their  inception  these  claims  were  part  of  a 
plan  to  acquire  a  joint  property,  to  be  ad¬ 
ministered  as  a  corporation  and  financed  by 
an  issue  of  bonds,  is  that  all  the  claims 
should  be  cancelled.  The  Secretary  of  the 
Interior  concurs  in  the  finding  of  the  Com¬ 
missioner,  and  as  the  law  provides  that  the 
finding  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior 
shall  be  final  as  to  the  facts,  there  is  no 
opportunity  for  appeal.  These  claims,  it 
will  be  recalled,  were  the  subject  of  the  now 
famous  "Glavis  charges,”  which  were  fol¬ 
lowed  by  the  Ballinger-Pinchot  investiga¬ 
tion.  The  claims  had  once  been  ordered 
approved  by  R.  A.  Ballinger  when  hi'  was 
Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office, 
and  had  immediately  thereafter  been  or¬ 
dered  further  investigated  before  patent  was 
issued,  and  the  decision  made  public  June 
26  is  in  accordance  with  the  regular  pro¬ 
cesses  of  the  Land  Office,  which  were  only 
somewhat  delayed  by  the  Glavis  charges. 

Thomas  R.  Cutler  of  Salt  Lake  City,  for¬ 
mer  Mormon  bishop  and  associate  apostle  of 
Prophet  Joseph  F.  Smith,  was  recalled  to 
the  witness  stand  when  the  Hardwick  sugar 
investigationg  committee  of  the  House  re¬ 
sumed  its  session  June  23.  Mr.  Cutler,  who 
is  vice-president  and  general  manager  of  the 
Utah-Idaho  Sugar  Company,  told  the  com¬ 
mittee  that  the  company  named  is  jointly 
controlled  by  the  Mormon  Church  and  the 
American  Sugar  Refining  Company.  The 
Witness  gave  n.  O.  Havemeyer,  who  inter¬ 
ested  American  Sugar  Refining  Company 
friends  in  the  Utah-Idaho,  credit  for  saving 
the  Western  concern.  He  declared  that  free 
trade  in  sugar  would  ruin  the  beet  sugar  in¬ 
dustry.  Again  discussing  his  negotiation 
with  Havemeyer  prior  to  Havemeyer’s  ac¬ 
quisition  of  Utah  stock,  Mr.  Cutler  said  the 
sugar  king  first  made  an  effort  to  obtain 
his  personal  services.  He  wanted  Cutler’s 
assistance  in  building  up  the  beet  sugar 
industry  throughout  the  West.  Cutler  in¬ 
sisted  on  remaining  in  Utah,  and  as  a  re¬ 
sult  Havemeyer  acquiesced  in  the  consoli¬ 
dation  that  was  later  arranged.  With  the 
Church  and  the  sugar  company  doing  busi¬ 
ness  hand  in  hand  the  industry  in  Utah  and 
other  States  where  the  Mormons  operated 
began  to  flourish. 

The  Root  amendment  to  the  Candian  reci¬ 
procity  bill  was  defeated  in  the  Senate 
June  26.  This  disposes  of  one  of  the  most 
serious  menaces  to  the  bill  and  the  indica¬ 
tions  are  now  that  reciprocity  has  free  sail¬ 
ing  and  will  pass  without  amendment  at  an 
earlier  date  than  has  been  expected.  The 
Root  amendment  went  down  to  defeat  with¬ 
out  any  record  vote,  no  roll  call  having 
been  demanded.  The  Vice-President  simply 
stated  the  question,  there  was  a  mild  chorus 
of  ayes  and  a  louder  chorus  of  noes  and 
Mr.  Sherman  declared  the  amendment  lost. 
The  few  who  were  in  favor  of  the  amend¬ 
ment  apparently  had  no  desire  to  put  indi¬ 
vidual  Senators  on  record.  The  amendment 
proposed  to  delay  the  free  admission  of 
wood  pulp  and  print  paper  into  this  coun¬ 
try  until  all  restrictions  against  the  ex¬ 
portation  of  these  products  had  been  re¬ 
moved  by  the  Canadian  provinces.  Under 
the  terms  of  the  bill  in  its  present  form 
pulp  and  print  paper  will  be  admitted  free 
from  all  provinces  except  those  that  main¬ 
tain  export  restrictions. 

Immediately  after  July  a  chain  of  postal 
savings  banks  will  be  established  through¬ 
out  New  York.  This  announcement  was 
made  .Tune  22  by  Postmaster  General  Frank 
II.  Hitchcock.  Banks  will  also  be  opened 
in  Boston  and  Chicago.  These  two  cities, 
with  New  York,  will  be  the  first  three  first- 
class  postoffices  in  which  the  plan  will  be 
tried. 


742 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

MY  CREED. 

I  hold  that  Christian  grace  abounds 
Where  charity  is  seen ;  that  when 
We  climb  to  Heaven  ’tis  on  the  rounds 
Of  love  to  men. 

I  hold  all  else  named  piety 
A  selfish  scheme,  a  vain  pretense } 

Where  center  is  not — can  there  be 
Circumference? 

This  I  moreover  hold,  and  dare 

Affirm  where’er  my  rhyme  may  go — 
Whatever  things  be  sweet  or  fair 
Love  makes  them  so. 

Whether  it  be  the  lullabies 

That  charm  to  rest  the  nursling  bird, 

Or  the  sweet  confidence  of  sighs 
And  blushes,  made  without  a  word. 

Whether  the  dazzling  and  the  flush 
Of  softly  sumptuous  garden  bowers, 

Or  by  some  cabin  door  a  bush 
Of  ragged  flowers. 

’Tis  not  the  wide  phylactery, 

Nor  stubborn  fast,  nor  stated  prayers, 

That  makes  us  saints ;  we  judge  the  tree 
By  what  it  bears. 

And  when  a  man  can  live  apart 
From  works,  on  theologic  trust, 

1  know  the  blood  about  his  heart 
Is  dry  as  dust. 

— Alice  Cary. 

Italian  egg  soup  is  very  nourishing, 
quickly  made,  and  contains  no  meat. 
Fry  lightly  four  ounces  of  butter  till 
golden  color,  add  one  small  onion  finely 
chopped  and  a  dessertspoonful  of  flour, 
stir  with  a  wooden  spoon  over  a  slow 
fire  for  six  or  seven  minutes;  pour  in 
two  pints  of  warm  milk,  and  stir  for  15 
minutes;  then  stir  in  quickly  the  yolks 
of  six  eggs,  stir  over  very  slow  fire  for 
five  or  six  minutes,  and  serve  with  small 
squares  of  buttered  toast. 

* 

A  LiTTLE-known  philanthropy  is  the 
work  done  by  the  Blue  Anchor  Society, 
which  has  an  office  in  New  York.  It 
gives  help  to  persons  of  any  nationality 
shipwrecked  upon  the  American  coast, 
whether  seamen  or  passengers.  Persons 
are  often  brought  ashore  at  life-saving 
stations  destitute  of  clothing  or  personal 
effects,  and  these  life-saving  stations 
have  no  money  or  supplies  to  aid  them, 
except  as  provided  by  the  Blue  Anchor 
Society.  The  Society  is  supported  en¬ 
tirely  by  voluntary  contributions,  and 
only  those  who  have  been  brought  in 
touch  with  the  dangers  of  the  sea  can 
realize  the  pressing  nature  of  the  need  it 
is  called  upon  to  relieve. 


THE  RURAL 

always  kept  clean  with  little  trouble, 
and  appeals  to  modern  ideas  of  sanita¬ 
tion.  A  teapot  stand  of  glass,  set  in  a 
silver  frame,  consists  of  two  round 
plates  of  cut  glass  with  a  lace  doily  laid 
between  them,  the  whole  being  clamped 
together  by  the  silver  frame. 

* 

Newspaper  reports  assert  that  some 
textile  mills  in  New  England  are  shut¬ 
ting  down  because  of  lessened  demand, 
due  to  the  scanty  styles  of  dress  now 
in  fashion.  Of  course  it  is  safe  to  blame 
any  economic  crisis  upon  the  women, 
but  we  can  at  least  point  out  the  fact 
that  readymade  garments  cost  just  as 
much  as  they  did  when  double  the  ma¬ 
terial  was  used,  so  conditions  have  not 
been  made  any  easier  for  the  ultimate 
consumer,  whether  the  manufacturer 
suffers  or  not.  But  the  home  dress¬ 
maker  really  does  feel  the  difference, 
and  can  practise  economies  impossible  a 
few  seasons  ago.  We  do  not  admire 
exaggerations  of  style  that  simply 
show  the  wearer’s  vulgarity  of  mind, 
but  it  is  always  possible  to  avoid  this  if 
desired.  Nothing  is  prettier,  more  com¬ 
fortable  or  convenient  for  home  wear, 
than  a  one-piece  gown  made  with  a 
mandarin  waist  and  a  two-gored,  four- 
gored  or  six-gored  skirt;  it  is  so  easily 
made  that  an  inexperienced  seamstress 
has  no  trouble  with  it,  and  all  unneces¬ 
sary  work  is  eliminated.  Seven  yards 
of  cambric  will  make  it  for  a  good-sized 
woman,  and  a  slim  young  girl  can  get 
her  dress  out  of  five  yards.  For  the  first 
time  in  many  years  we  have  adopted 
fashions  that  are  comfortable,  conven¬ 
ient  and  economical,  and  yet,  because 
silly  women  exaggerate  them  into  cari¬ 
catures,  the  sensible  ones  receive  no 
commendation !  A  scholar  once  told  us 
that  he  had  been  reading  an  ancient 
Egyptian  narrative,  dating  back  at  least 
4,000  years  from  our  present  period,  and 
in  it  the  author  lamented  the  decadence 
of  society  in  his  day,  and  sighed  for 
“the  good  old  times.”  No  doubt  mas¬ 
culine  critics  have  lamented  the  frivolity 
of  woman’s  dress  ever  since  the  period 
when  she  was  vdad  in  skins  and  did  her 
housekeeping  in  a  cave. 


NEW-YORKER 

sion  to  leave  meals  in  preparation  I 
should  bless  the  faithful,  unscorching 
“fireless.”  But  even  in  ordinary  farm 
kitchens  where  the  wood  or  coal  fire 
must  be  kindled  each  morning  and  kept 
on  duty  a  half,  or  perhaps  all  the  day 
there  are  still  plenty  of  uses  for  the 
hay-box  cooker.  To  tuck  away  a  sup¬ 
ply  of  string  beans  or  Summer  squash 
after  breakfast,  knowing  that  at  noon 
they  will  be  well  cooked,  needing  only 
the  usual  preparation  for  the  table,  is  to 
have  not  only  a  sense  of  forehanded 
content,  but  it  means  one  less  kettle 
upon  a  stove  needed  for  other  uses. 
They  are  well  cooked,  too,  and  have  lost 
none  of  their  flavor  in  steam.  As  beans 
need  long  cooking  we  are  careful  to 
make  them  ready  the  first  thing  after 
breakfast.  Squash  need  not  be  hur¬ 
ried  with  unless  the  range  fire  is  not  to 
be  kept  up,  but  three  hours  in  the  “fire- 
less”’  will  not  do  harm,  and  we  like  to 
to  take  it  out,  squeeze  thoroughly  in 
cheese-cloth,  butter  generously  and 
place  upon  a  pie  tin  in  the  stove  oven. 
Then  when  busy  with  all  the  last  items 
of  putting  dinner  on  the  table,  the 
squash  is  waiting,  all  ready  and  at  its 
best. 

It  does  not  necessarily  have  to  do 
with  fireless  cooking,  but  having  often 
heard  people  say  they  did  not  care  for 
Summer  squash  I  want  to  add  a  word 
in  its  favor.  Prepared  for  the  table  as 
above  described,  squeezed  free  from 
water  as  possible  and  well  buttered,  it 
is  counted  on  our  table  as  one  of  the 
best  of  the  Summer’s  vegetables.  As 
6quashes  are  always  plenty  when  once 
in  bearing  I  cut  out  and  throw  away 
all  the  seed-making  part.  While  some 
count  the  older  squashes  richer  in 
flavor  I  prefer  to  use  them  while  very 
young.  If  your  family  has  small  lik¬ 
ing  for  Summer  crooknecks,  seedy  and 
slushy,  try  them  with  a  dish  of  the  dry, 
seedless  and  well-seasoned  sort. 

R.  ITHAMAR. 


German  cross  stitch  embroidery  done 
with  mercerized  cotton  floss  on  heavy 
unbleached  linen  is  very  fashionable 
fancy  work  this  Summer,  being  used 
for  centerpieces,  scarfs  and  cushion  cov¬ 
ers.  The  designs  are  of  conventionalized 
flowers  in  shaded  colors,  and  the  effect  is 
very  good.  Another  popular  form  of 
needlework  is  an  imitation  of  beading, 
done  in  high  French  knots  and  seed 
stitch ;  this  is  done  with  mercerized  floss 
on  marquisette  and  similar  sheer  ma¬ 
terials  for  waists.  Waists  of  the  man¬ 
darin  or  one-piece  model  are  stamped 
with  bands  of  trimming,  which  include 
the  patterns  used  in  the  fashionable 
beadwork  popular  on  chiffon  and  other 

transparent  over-blouses. 

* 

Plate  glass  tops  for  bureaus,  serving 
tables  and  dinner  wagons  (a  tray  or 
serving  table  on  castors)  are  seen 
among  handsome  furnishings.  The  glass 
top,  which  has  a  beveled  edge,  is  ad¬ 
justable,  and  is  put  over  a  scarf  or  cen¬ 
terpiece  of  embroidery  or  lace,  which  is 
thus  kept  clean  indefinitely.  The  glass 
top  is  even  made  for  dining  tables,  an 
elaborate  piece  of  lace  or  embroidery 
being  laid  on  the  polished  wood,  and  the 
glass  put  over  this.  We  like  the  glass 
top  for  a  bureau,  for  many  bureau  cov¬ 
ers  of  fine  needle-work  are  regular  dust 
traps,  and  if  the  cover  is  laid  on  the 
wood  and  then  covered  with  glass  it  is 


The  “Fireless”  in  the  Farmhouse. 

Part  I. 

When  Bess  was  at  home  last  Sum¬ 
mer  she  made  a  fireless  cooker,  using  a 
tea  chest  she  found  in  the  attic.  A  few 
cents  bought  quite  a  roll  of  heavy  as¬ 
bestos  paper,  and  with  it  she  lined  the 
tea  chest,  making  all  the  angles  as  snug 
as  possible  to  keep  the  heat  in.  To  get 
a  firm  closing  at  the  top  she  nailed 
strips  of  wood  inside,  using  some 
smooth  pine  which  she  found  put  away 
over  the  carpenter’s  bench,  a  material 
she  could  easily  saw  to  the  right 
lengths.  When  the  cover  had  been 
slightly  padded  and  covered  with  white 
enameled  oilcloth  it  made  a  snug  fit 
against  the  smooth  wood.  As  the  chest 
had  already  a  covering  of  wall  paper  on 
the  outside  it  needed  only  hinges  and  a 
hasp  to  complete  it. 

For  filling  she  selected  fine,  short  hay, 
and  discovering  that  a  certain  feather- 
filled  sofa  pillow  was  the  exact  size 
needed  she  promptly  replaced  its  cover 
with  one  made  of  stout  new  gingham, 
and  the  nest  was  ready.  To  buy  a  four- 
quart  granite-ware  pail  with  cover  of 
the  same  material  seemed  an  easy  mat¬ 
ter,  but  all  pails  found  had  covers  of 
tin,  which  rusts  badly  when  kept  over 
steaming  food.  But  a  combination  of 
two  granite-ware  receptacles  was  found 
which  fitted  properly  together,  and  we 
were  ready  for  cooking. 

My  first  decision  was  that  if  I  lived 
where  a  gas  range  was  used  I  would 
never  be  without  what  some  one  called 
in  sport  “a  cookless  firer.”  The  ex¬ 
penseless  and  slow  cooking  after  in¬ 
tense  heat  admirably  supplements  the 
work  of  the  gas  jets.  Or  if  I  had  occa- 


Canned  Grapes  Without  Cooking. — 
Put  grapes  into  a  vessel,  cover  with 
boiling  water,  let  stand  15  minutes.  Pour 
off  water,  cover  as  ^  -  fore,  let  stand  five 
minutes.  Have  glass  jars  prepared  by 
scalding  in  soda  water.  Also  boil  lids  in 
soda  water,  and  soak  rubbers  in  warm 
soda  water  for  half  an  hour.  Put  grapes 
in  jars  and  cover  with  a  thick  boiling 
hot  syrup  made  of  granulated  sugar. 
Wrap  jars  with  paper  and  keep  in  a 
dry  cool  place.  mrs.  j.  c.  clovis. 

Peach  Honey. — A  very  delicious 
“spread”  is  made  as  follows :  Use  very 
soft,  good  over-ripe  peaches.  Pare, 
mash  them  in  the  hand  as  you  drop 
them  into  a  vessel.  Rub  through  a 
colander  or  sieve  to  remove  lumps. 
Measure  the  pulp.  Take  three  times  as 
much  sugar  as  pulp,  put  into  sauce¬ 
pan  with  a  little  water  and  bring  to  a 
boil.  Add  the  pulp  and  boil  five  minutes 
or  until  as  thick  as  desired. 

MRS.  J.  C.  CLOVIS. 


have  you  heard  the 
world’s  best  music 
played  so  beauti- 
fully  as  it  is 
brought  to  you  on 
the  Victor  and 
Victor-Victrola. 

The  proof  is  in  the  hearing. 
Write  today  and  we’ll  send  you  the 
handsome  Victor  catalogs  and  tell 
you  where  you  can  hear  the  Victor.  The 
dealer  will  sell  on  easy  terms,  if  desired. 
Victors  $10  to  $100;  Victor-Victrolas  $75  to 
$250. 

Victor  Talking  Machine  Co. 

20th  and  Cooper  Sts.,  Camden,  N.  J. 

Berliner  Gramophono  Co.,  Montreal,  Canadian  Distributor, 

To  get  best  results,  use  only 
Victor  Needles  on  Victor  Records  wl 


July  8, 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

YOU  WANT 
THE  BEST 

The  best  is  the  cheapest. 

You’ll  get  it  when  you  se¬ 
lect  the  newest  ideas  in 
spring  and  summer  styles 
of 


(Fifty  Years  the 
Standard!) 

They  are  the  Per¬ 
cale  product  of  the 
largest  cotton 
goods  mills  in  the 
world.  No  wonder 
no  other  make  is 

J’ust  as  good,  nor 
las  such  a  variety 
of  splendid  pat¬ 
terns — some  strik¬ 
ing,  some  subdued, 
but  all  artistic,  sty¬ 
lish  and  in  all  the 
prevailing  tints. 

Women  of  pre¬ 
ferred  taste  in  dress 
never  hesitate  to  buy  Pacific 
Pacific  Mills  trade  mark 
of  the  genuine  protects  them 
disappointing  imitations 


Percales.  Thia 
{ on  every  piece 
'  from  the  cheap, 

— T-rv- — “o . — --  Yet  the  only 

original  and  genuine  Pacific  Percales  can  be  had  at 
10c  and  up  the  yard. 

If  your  dealer  doesn’t  carry  Pacific  Percales,  write 
os  for  free  samples  and  list  of  dealers  who  will 
supply  you. 


PACIFIC  MILLS  -  BOSTON,  MASS. 


A  few  dollars  invested  in  the  Dodd  System 
will  protect  your  home  from  lightning. 

Not  for  a  thousand  times  the  cost  would 
you  have  the  lightning  strike  one  of  your 
loved  ones. 

Then  be  wise  in  time.  Make  the  small  in¬ 
vestment  now  that  insures  safety.  You 
can’t  doubt  the  evidence  that  the 

Dodd  System 

of  Lightning 
Protection 

does  mean  safety.  The  fire  insurance  com¬ 
panies  make  it  their  business  to  know. 
They  do  know.  Over  2000  of  them  en¬ 
dorse  the  Dodd  System.  Their  resolutions 
are  direct,  positive,  personal.  They  endorse 
the  Dodd  System  of  Lightning  Protection 
by  name.  They  mention  no  other  system. 
The  Dodd  System  is  guaranteed.  A  bind¬ 
ing  written  contract  insures  your  money 
back  or  damage  made  good,  if  damage  ever 
occurs.  You  cannot  lose  a  dollar.  Act 
now.  Read  our  great  Lightning  Book  and 
be  convinced.  Filled  with  facts,  vivid 
lightning  scenes,  explanations,  resolutions 
of  endorsement,  the  whole  subject  of  light¬ 
ning,  its  cause,  how  controlled,  etc.  A 
large  book,  finely  illustrated  and  printed, 
FREE.  Address  to-day 

DODD  &  STRUTHERS 

437  6th  Avenue  Des  Moines,  Iowa 


DAISY  FLY  KILLER 

flies.  Neat,  clean, 
ornamental,  conven¬ 
ient, cheap.  LnsfeaU 
season.  Can't  spill  Of 
tip  over,  will  not  soil 
or  injure  anythin*. 
Guaranteed  effect¬ 
ive.  Of  all  dealers  oi 
sent  prepaid  for  20c, 
HAROLD  HOMERS 
l&O  De  Kalb  Are, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


Monarch 


Hydraulic 

Cider  Press 

Net  owners  25*  to  100< 
on  investment  per  year 
Ask  for  Free  Cat¬ 
alog  and  "Good 
Tip”  booklet  tell¬ 
ing  how. 

Monarch  Machinery  Co,,  609  Hudson  Terminal,  Hew  York-. 

DO  YOU  NEED  FARM  HELP? 

The  Jewish  Agricultural  and  Industrial  Aid 
Society  has  on  its  lists  men  wishing  to  obtain  em¬ 
ployment  upon  farms.  Most  of  t  hem  are  without 
experience,  but  they  are  able-bodied  and  willing 
to  work.  They  speak  little  or  noEngllsh, although 
many  of  them  speak  German.  If  you  can  make 
use  of  such  help,  please  communicate  with  us, 
stating  what  you  will  pay,  whether  the  work  Is 
permanent,  and  whether  you  prefer  a  single  or  a 
married  man.  We  are  a  philanthropic  organiza¬ 
tion,  whose  object  it  is  to  assist  and  encourage 
Jews  to  become  farmers.  We  charge  no  commis¬ 
sion  to  employer  or  employee.  Address 
THE  J.  A.  &  I.  A.  S.,  174  Second  Avenue,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL)  N  E  W-YORKER 


743 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  ahvays  give 
number  of  patterns  and  measurements 
desired. 

The  first  group  shows  7005,  girl’s 
dress,  with  square  or  high  neck,  short 
or  long  sleeves  with  or  without  bre- 
telles,  eight,  10  and  12  years.  6904, 
tucked  over-blouse,  34  to  42  bust.  6948, 
tucked  peasant’s  waist,  for  misses  and 


small  women,  14,  16  and  18  years.  6927, 
straight  gathered  skirt  for  misses  and 
small  women,  14,  16  and  18  years.  6785, 
child’s  long-waistcd  petticoat,  two,  four 
and  six  years.  7004,  girl’s  bathing  suit, 
four  to  12  years.  Price  of  each  pattern, 
10  cents. 

The  second  group  includes  7011,  com¬ 
bination  corset  cover  and  five-gored  pet¬ 
ticoat,  34  to  42  bust.  7009,  overblouse 
with  bolero  effect,  perforated  for  trim¬ 


ming  for  two  materials,  to  be  worn  over 
any  guimpe,  34  to  42  bust.  6932,  bolero 
coat  with  or  without  trimming  at  arm¬ 
holes,  with  or  without  deep  cuffs,  34  to 
42  bust.  7002,  two-piece  skirt  with  un¬ 
derlying  panels,  with  high  or  natural 
Waist  line,  22  to  30  waist.  7034,  tunic 
skirt  with  five-gored  foundation  length¬ 
ened  by  slightly  circular  flounce,  with 
high  or  natural  waist  line,  22  to  30 
waist.  7035,  girl’s  dress  with  peasant 
sleeves,  10,  12  and  14  years.  Price  of 
each  pattern,  10  cents. 

Some  Homemade  Buttons. 

When  it  came  to  buying  the  buttons 
for  my  white  linen  suit  I  decided  that 
the  handsome  pearl  ones  I  had  in  mind 
would  add  quite  a  sum  to  its  cost,  and 
C  decided  to  use  covered  buttons. 
Among  my  stores  of  odds  and  ends  was 
a  roll  of  allover  embroidery.  As  it  had 
detatched  figures  I  planned  to  have  one 
of  these  on  the  center  of  each  button,  be¬ 
ing  careful,  of  course,  to  have  all  alike. 
For  the  smaller  size,  of  which  two 
dozen  were  needed,  I  found  wooden 


moulds  in  the  desired  size  and  flatness. 
But  for  the  larger  buttons  fastening  the 
coat  front  no  wooden  moulds  were  to 
be  found  in  our  village  store.  Instead, 
because  they  were  just  the  size  needed, 
I  decided  to  use  some  old  blue  silk  but¬ 
tons  found  in  the  button  bag.  After 
scalding  and  boiling  and  sunning  these 
for  a  day  or  two  the  color  seemed  so 
far  faded  out  as  to  make  them  safe  for 
use.  But  alas,  at  the  first  washing 
through  all  their  coverings  came  blue 
stains,  and  I  was  at  some  trouble  to  re¬ 
move  these  from  the  coat. 

Another  search  of  the  button  bag 
showed  only  some  smoked  pearl  ones  of 
the  right  size,  but  too  dulled  and  faded 
for  most  uses.  These  I  covered  with 
fresh  pieces  of  the  embroidery,  cutting 
a  circular  piece  of  white  cotton  wad¬ 
ding  a  trifle  larger  than  the  face  of  each 
and  putting  it  inside  the  covering  to 
soften  the  edges  and  give  a  clear  white 
look.  Now,  after  two  season’s  washing, 
these  buttons  are  still  clear  white  and 
satisfactory,  while  the  smaller  ones 
show  stains  of  the  wooden  mould 
through  their  two  thicknesses  of  cover¬ 
ing,  for  an  inner  layer  of  white  lawn 
went  under  the  embroidery.  Thus  I 
have  learned  that  on  white  garments 
button  moulds  would  better  be  of  cheap 
or  worn  pearl  or  even  of  porcelain  in 
preference  to  wood  or  metal  of  any  sort. 
As  covered  buttons,  sometimes  adorned 
with  crochet  or  lace,  or  embroidered 
figures  are  still  in  use,  this  experience 
may  be  of  use  to  other  home  dress¬ 
makers.  AUGUSTA  ROSE. 

The  Tea  Party. 

Barbara,  though  10  years  of  age,  nas 
not  outgrown  her  tea  parties,  and  I  am 
glad  that  she  has  not.  It  has  always 
afforded  such  childish  and  innocent 
pastime  and  now  gives  me  fine  oppor¬ 
tunities  for  instilling  some  precepts  into 
the  little  woman’s  mind.  At  first,  when 


Barbara  was  “all  by  her  lonesome,”  a 
doorstep,  the  end  of  the  kitchen  table, 
any  place  to  be  near  me,  was  made 
use  of,  ordinarily  with  just  a  tid-bit,  as 
an  apple  and  glass  of  milk  as  refresh¬ 
ment.  When  the  others  came  to  help  to 
make  a  merry  company,  and  a  small 
table  was  provided,  the  scene  has  shifted 
from  the  garret  on  a  rainy  day  to  a 
shady  spot  under  an-  old  apple  tree.  It 
is  perfectly  natural  to  most  children  to 
be  hospitable,  and  the  co’stliest  gifts  will 
not  please  my  little  country-hearted 
children  so  much  as  a  birthday  tea 
party,  when  little  guests  may  be  asked. 
It  is  much  easier  to  prepare  for  it  with¬ 
out  the  “help”  of  the  little  ones,  but 
there  is  no  more  favorable  time  to  give 
a  little  maid  some  hints  as  to  the  “whys” 
and  “wherefores,”  that  she  will  easily 
remember.  She  wants  to  know  why 
she  has  her  tea  parties  at  an  early  sup¬ 
per  hour,  instead  of  having  them  in  the 
middle  of  the  afternoon,  as  most  chil¬ 
dren  do.  I  tell  her  that  I  do  not  approve 
of  placing  before  her  little  friends  a 
meal  at  an  hour  of  the  day  when  they 
are  not  actually  hungry,  and  still  too 
early  to  answer  as  a  supper.  They  are 
not  actually  hungry  for  a  full  meal  at 
three  o’clock,  and  a  quantity  of  sweet 
things  will  simply  destroy  their  appe¬ 
tites,  without  giving  them  the  proper 
nourishment.  So  we  have  ours  at  five 
and  while  we  try  to  make  it  dainty,  still 
it  must  answer  for  a  meal. » 

She  learns  that  while  creamed  chicken 
is  as  nice  as  can  be  for  the  Winter  tea- 
table,  it  seems  a  little  heating  for  Sum¬ 
mer  and  we  substitute  chicken  sand¬ 
wiches.  Then  she  gets  paper  and  pen¬ 
cil  and  she  makes  a  little  menu,  not 
that  we  wish  to  make  an  “affair”  of  this 
at  all,  but  the  preparations  are  of  an  in¬ 
terest  to  a  child  so  much  greater  than 
we  sometimes  think.  Then  she  writes 
down  some  recipes  at  my  dictation,  and 
decides  which  one  she  will  try  to  pre¬ 
pare,  with  the  intention  of  trying  a  new 
one  each  time. 

In  warm  weather,  there  is  no  place 
so  nice  for  the  table  as  under  an  old 
shady  tree,  and  with  the  assistance  of 
flowers  and  crape  paper  a  very  dainty 


table  may  be  spread  with  little  expense, 
I  add  a  few  recipes  of  things  that  chil¬ 
dren  like  to  eat  on  such  occasions. 

Chicken  sandwiches. — To  one*  cup  of 
chicken  that  has  been  cooked  until  ten¬ 
der  and  chopped  very  fine,  add  two 
hard-boiled  eggs,  also  chopped  fine,  sea¬ 
son  with  salt  and  a  very  little  pepper, 
add  little  bits  of  shredded  lettuce  and 
moisten  with  a  little  of  the  broth  in 
which  the  chicken  was  boiled.  Spread 
between  small,  thin  slices  of  bread. 

A  salad,  much  appreciated  by  chil¬ 
dren,  may  be  prepared  of  equal  quanti¬ 
ties  of  chopped  apple  and  celery  (or  let¬ 
tuce)  with  a  few  chopped  nuts  added. 
A  dressing  is  made  thus :  Two  eggs, 
one-quarter  teaspoon  mixed  mustard, 
one-half  teaspoon  salt ;  piece  of  butter, 
size  of  walnut,  two  tablespoons  sugar, 
three  tablespoons  vinegar.  BcaiS'  the 
eggs,  and  the  mustard,  salt  and  sugar, 
beat  a  little  more,  add  the  melted  butter 
and  the  vinegar.  Set  the  bowl  in  a  pan 
of  hot  water  and  cook  until  thick  and 
smooth,  stirring  constantly.  Use  cold; 
add  the  desired  amount  of  thick  milk  or 
cream,  heat  before  using. 

Cry-babies  are  little  cakes,  made  in 
the  following  way:  One  cup  of  butter 
or  lard  (I  use  half  of  each),  one  cup  of 
sugar,  one  cup  molasses,  one  egg,  one 
tablespoon  soda  dissolved  in  one  cup  of 
boiling  water,  one-half  teaspoon  salt,  five 
cups  of  flour  after  it  is  sifted,  one-hglf 
teaspoon  ginger.  Roll  out  thin,  and 
bake  in  a  fairly  quick  oven. 

Butter-Scotch  Candy. — Wet  a  pound 
of  brown  sugar  with  a  cupful  of  water, 
into  which  two  tablespoon fuls  of  vine¬ 
gar  have  been  stirred.  Put  into  an  agate 
saucepan.  Cook  for  10  minutes,  add 
four  tablespoonsfuls  of  butter  and  boil 
until  a  drop  hardens  in  cold  water.  Pour 
into  buttered  tins  and  mark  into  little 
blocks  as  it  hardens. 

There  is,  of  course,  an  endless  variety 
of  desserts,  but  so  many  should  be  “ta¬ 
booed.”  The  banana  should  always  be 
absent  from  the  tea-party.  A  plain  gela¬ 
tine,  sweetened,  flavored  with  lemon 
juice,  and  a  few  slices  of  oranges,  makes 
a  dainty  dish,  very  pretty  served  in  lit¬ 
tle  stem  glass  dishes,  topped  off  with  a 
little  whipped  cream  and  a  nut.  Place  the 
glass  dish  on  a  small  plate,  on  which  lay 
a  dainty  cracker.  i..  s. 


It  Pays  for  Itself  -You  Get  the  Profit 


B 


|Y  preventing  mistakes  and 
losses  a  National  Cash 
Register  pays  for  itself 
in  a  short  time. 

You  get  a  profit  every  day  it  is 
in  use. 

Anything  that  pays  for  itself 
costs  nothing. 

A  National  Cash 
Register 

is  convenient,  quick  and  reliable.  It 
saves  mistakes,  corrects  carelessness  and 
removes  temptation.  It  gives  you  correct  information 
about  your  business  at  any  time  and  enables  you  to  lock 
your  doors  and  go  home  with  your  clerks.  It  saves 
Time,  Labor  and  Money.  Don’t  trust  to  memory. 

Let  a  machine  do  your  worrying.  The  human  brain 
makes  mistakes  which  machinery  would  not  allow. 

$20.00  to  $765.00 

The  National  Cash  Register  Company 

Dayton,  Ohio 


V44 


July  8, 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


to  the  same  shipping  station  as  myself  are 
as  a  rule  fairly  well  satisfied  with  the  pres¬ 
ent  outlook  for  dairying.  l.  e.  s. 

Harford,  N.  Y. 

In  our  locality  the  whole  milk  is  sold 
to  different  persons  and  shipped  to  New 
York  for  miles  in  all  directions.  They  all 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

REP  POLLS,  THE  DUAL  BREED. 

In  the  course  of  a  year  1  receive  ^ 

many  inquiries  regarding  this  breed  of  pay“different"prices?“  We Vthink°‘they“ ought 

cattle.  It  is  a  pleasure  as  well  as  a  to  PaY  the  same.  Mine  goes  to  Morrisville 

duty  to  answer  these  innniries  T  ton  Station,  as  my  farm  is  nearer  there.  People 
aury  to  answer  tnese  inquiries,  i,  too,  are  not  satisfied  with  the  prices,  especially 

once  was  asking  I  he  R.  N.-Y.  the  same  those  that  get  the  least.  I  cannot  say 

thing.  The  Red  Polls  are  the  sup-  what  the  cost  is  of  getting  it.  I  will  send 

posed  farmer's  cow.  First,  because  the  £°aea  clipping  tbat  wil1  sbow  y°u  the  differ- 

great  bulk  of  farmers  live  by  diversities.  Morrisville  shipping  station- January, 

It  is  often  catch  as  catch  can.  Often  $1.75-$1.64  ;  February,  $1.64;  March,  $1.41; 

it  is  too  wet  or  too  dry,  too  hot  or  too  April,  $1.18-$1.06;  May,  $1.06;  June,  94 

cold,  for  a  crop  to  mature  perfectly,  or  cc^on  shipping  station-January,  $2;  Feb- 

sufficiently,  for  food  or  reproduction,  ruary,  $1.95;  March,  $1.75;  April,  $1.40; 

Stock  the  farmer  must  have  for  labor,  May,  $1.15 ;  June,  $1. 

food  and  fertility.  There  are  successful  ggjj 

specialists  among  farmers,  and  there  May,  $1.06 ;  June,  94  cents. 

are  special  breeds  worthy  of  all  honor  Georgetown  shipping  station — January, 

bestowed  by  enthusiasts,  but  the  aver-  a v '6fi’  n£*rCT..»?a ‘4ai 

age  farmer  is  by  necessity  required  to  cents. 

“average  up”  at  the  end  of  the  year,  and  ^  Lebanon  shipping  station — January,  $1.65- 
those  things  that  meet  his  environments 
best,  he  soon  learns  are  his  standbys. 

Therefore,  we  claim  the  dual  cow,  and 

especially  the  Red  Polls,  are  best  suited  <t1^u.ckLill,e  shiPP”)&  sta^ionTJa«l1«rny’ 

.  ,  •  $1.85;  February,  $1.80;  March,  $1.60; 

to  the  conditions  on  the  great  majority  April,  $1.25  ;  May,  $l ;  June,  90  cents: 

Bordens’  prices — January,  $2  ;  February, 
$1.95;  March,  $1.75;  April,  $1.40;  May, 
$1.15;  June,  $1. 

Eaton,  N.  Y.  G.  H.  M. 


$1.76;  February  $1.65;  March, '  $1.29 ; 
April,  $1.18-$1.29 ;  May,  $1.18;  June,  94 
cents. 

Lebanon  mutual — Same  as  above. 


of  farms,  east,  west,  north  and  south. 
We  are  proving  this  every  year  by  rec¬ 
ords  in  milk,  butter  and  beef.  It  has 
been  proven  by  public  test  over  and 
over  again,  both  here  and  in  England, 
that  the  dual  cow  often  ranks  first  with 
any  competing  breed. 


WATER  AND  THE  BABCOCK  TEST. 

Will  the  character  of  the  water  used  in- 
The  dual  cow  Auence  the  Babcock  test  for  milk  or  butter 
fat?  For  example,  will  “hard”  water  con- 


will  often  thrive  where  a  dairv-hred  nne  rat '  For  example,  will  “narcr'  water  con- 
wiji  onen  tnrive  where  a  aairy  ored  one  talning  lime  change  the  reading  perceptibly? 

would  sicken  and  die  They  (the  Red  The  use  of  watcr  containing  ]arge 

f  oils)  eat  brush,  weeds,  coarse  fodders,  amounts  of  carbonate  of  lime  would  neu- 

damaged  and  over-ripe  hay,  that  would  tralize  some  of  the  sulphuric  acid,  and 

go  to  waste  if  fed  to  the  more  delicate  ™uld 

j  •  ,,  but  I  do  not  think  that  it  would  be  suffi- 

dairy  cow.  the  elements  of  the  cient  in  any  case  to  affect  the  accuracy  of 
weather  and  insufficient  shelter  does  the  test.  In  that  case  there  is  a  consider- 
not  shrink  the  dual  cow  to  a  shadow  able  amount  of  calcium  sulphate  formed, 
n  ,  j  •  •  .  ,,  ,  ,  but  the  same  thing  is  true  in  regard  to  the 

like  her  dairy  sister,  though  care  and  miik  itself.  b  L.  L.  Van  slyke. 

feed  are  appreciated  by  these  cattle  Geneva  Exp.  Station, 

and  profitable  returns  are  often  the  re-  Hard  water,  if  it  contains  lime  carbon- 

suit  of  care  and  proper  nourishment.  ates,  does  have  a  very  material  effect  upon 
Cows  average  from  6,000  to  10,000  the  reading  of  the  fat.  We  will  find  on 
„„nj.  ’  „ -.j,  e  _  the  upper  line  of  the  fat  column  a  layer 

pounds  of  milk  per  }  ear,  with  butter  0f  bubbles.  This  is  due  to  the  carbon  di- 

variations  from  300  to  500  pounds  an-  oxide  which  is  generated  when  the  water 

nually.  Many  cows  with  special  care  comes  in  contact  with  the  acid  solution  in 

are  canable  of  p-nine-  fnr  hevnnd  this  the  test  b°ttle.  This  gas  passes  up  through 

are  caparne  01  going  far  oeyond  tins,  the  fat>  and  as  the  fat  is  viscous  it  pro- 

but  as  a  rule  they  are  supposed  to  duces  a  bubbly  condition.  Lime  carbonate 

hustle  much  of  their  own  living  and  in  water  would  make  a  considerable  differ- 

help  keep  the  family  on  the  wastes  of  ^cunrte  “icaSf  ofthe® CffitVa 
the  farm.  The  dual  steer,  properly  nearly  impossible  to  read  the  test, 
handled,  often  tops  the  market  side  by  Michigan  Agl.  College,  w.  b.  liverance. 
side  with  the  beef-bred  brother,  and  is  in  making  the  Babcock  fat  test,  it  is 
a  valuable  asset  over  the  dairy  steer  in  quite  essential  to  clear  and  accurate  re- 

the  farmer’s  feed  lot.  Last,  but  not  SUIH  thf 4  lbe  T^er  b<V  both  „cl{caiLand 

, _ ,  ,,  _ .  .,  £’  ,  v,  ,  not  too  hard.  If  the  water  used  in  filling 

least  of  the  good  merits  _  of  the  Red  tlie  neck  of  the  bottle  is,  for  instance. 
Polls,  nature  has  been  kind  to  them,  milky,  as  would  be  the  case  if  it  were  added 
and  us  in  giving  them  a  beautiful  with  a  pipette  previously  used  for  milk 

u _ 1 _  u _ a  t  _ 1  1  and  unwashed  ,  before  this  usage,  there 

hornless  head.  I  could  write  beyond  would  be  a  dirty  gray  indefinite  substance 

my  allotted  space,  giving  proof  of  the  below  the  fat  which  would  blur  and  make 

assertions  regarding  this  breed,  but  in-  inaccurate  the  lower  line  of  the  fat.  Water, 

fnrmntinii  will  he  freelv  triven  fnr  the  0n  the  othor  hand>  which  Contains  COnsid- 
lormation  will  be  freely  given  101  the  erabie  quantities  of  lime,  will  make  trouble 

asking  to  any  one  interested,  by  the  by  causing  moss-like  or  sponge-like  masses 
National  Secretary,  H.  A.  Martin,  of  yellowish  gray  stuff  to  occur  in  the  lower 

portion,  of  the  fat  and  below  it.  This  ma¬ 
terial  looks  large,  but  does  not  really  oc¬ 
cupy  as  much  space  as  appears.  Some 
allowance  should  be  made  for  its  presence, 
but  how  much  no  one  can  say  without 
running  duplicate  samples  containing  no 
such  cause  of  error.  The  first  trouble  may 
be  overcome  by  the  use  of  clean  water.  The 
second  may  be  overcome  by  using  a  little 
testing  acid  which  is  put  into  the  water 
before  it  is  put  into  the  test  bottle.  This 
allows  the  chemical  fuss  to  take  place  out¬ 
side  of  the  test.  The  lime  is  then  deposited 
and  the  clear  acid  liquor  above  may  be  used 
with  perfect  safety  and  with  almost  uni¬ 
versally  good  results.  r.  m.  washburn. 
Vermont  Experiment  Station. 

The  only  difficulty  which  I  have  encount¬ 
ered  with  hard  water  is  the  escape  of  car¬ 
bonic  acid  gas  through  the  layer  of  fat. 
This  sometimes  forms  bubbles  on  the  sur¬ 
face,  making  the  percentage  rather  difficult 
to. read.  This  difficulty  can  be  avoided  by 
boiling  the  water  that  is  used  and  allowing 
the  precipitated  lime  to  settle.  With  this 
precaution,  no  appreciable  difference  will  be 
found  in  the  test.  If  soft  water  is  available, 

I  should  prefer  to  use  it,  as  all  trouble  in 
precipitating  the- lime  will  be  avoided. 
Wisconsin.  s.  M.  babcock. 


Gotham,  Wisconsin. 

john  e.  hinshaw,  Sec.-Treas., 
Kansas  Red  Polled  Cattle  Club. 


M  I 

The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.31 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  2%  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 

There  has  been  a  “milk  war”  in  Vienna, 
Austria.  As  everywhere  else,  the  margin 
between  the  consumer’s  price  and  what  the 
farmer  receives  is  too  great,  and  dairymen 
have  been  trying  to  get  a  larger  share.  A 
milk  famine  is  more  terrible  than  a  coal 
famine,  for  a  lack  of  milk  would  mean  death 
to  thousands  of  children  and  invalids. 


Co-Operation  in  Milk  Selling. 

The  remarks  in  Hope  Farm  Notes,  page 
706,  of  June  24,  concerning  the  dairyman 
and  the  middleman,  appeal  to  me  and  touch 
upon  a  matter  much  in  my  mind  of  late. 
Can  you  tell  me  if  there  is  a  co-operative 
milk  distributing  plant  in  any  city  of,  say 
20,000  to  30,000,  operated  by  the  farmers 
surrounding  the  city?  It  seems  to  me  such 
an  enterprise  would  be  feasible,  and  solve 
many  of  the  distressing  factors  iu  both  the 
matter  of  profit  and  milk  inspection  in  time. 
I  am  very  desirous  of  learning  what  has 


Wall  Street  Dairying. 

The  article  on  Wall  street  dairying  is  a 
good  illustration  of  what  can  be  done  by 
combined  effort,  and  which  should  serve  to 
wake  up  the  farmers  in  general  to  the  fact 


been  done  along  such  a  line.  Here  at  Ann  that  combinations  on  their  na rt'  in'  selTlnY 
Arbor  the  merchants  have  their  central  to  the  consumer  direct  is  the  only  solution 
“merchants’  delivery”  station,  and  from  it  o£  establishing  their  business  on  a  more 
all  the  grocers  and  many  other  houses  send  equitable  basis  v  a 

out  their  orders  of  goods.  Why  should  „  M  v  _ _ .  „  ’  .  ' 

three  or  four  milk  wagons  meander  .up  and  teiretiimr  for  vears  It^s  the^T)  dollar 
down  each  street  with  no  more  necessity  *hat  hurts  a Ir\ culture  1S  tbe  J  Cent  dollar 
than  grocers’  wagons?  m.  r.  rnat  nuita  agricuJture. _ _ 

R.  N.-Y. — We  have  heard  of  one  or  two 
efforts  to  start  such  a  thing,  but  do  not 
know  of  one  that  has  succeeded.  In  theory 
this  is  the  way  to  do  it.  Can  anyone  name 
a  place  where  it  has  been  tried  ?  ■ 

In  this  vicinity  we  have  two  shipping 
stations  which  pay  94  cents  per  100  for 
July  milk ;  the  one  creamery  pays  12  cents 
below  Borden  prices ;  the  other  makes  but¬ 
ter  and  cheese  and  nets  the  patrons  80  or 


Preventing  Milk  Fever. 

I  would  like  to  know  how  to  care  for  and 
feed  a  cow  before  she  comes  fresh  to  pre¬ 
vent  her  having  milk  fever.  She  has  had 
fever  twice  before  I  bought  her.  Could  you 
tell  me  how  to  prevent  it?  T.  b.  r. 

West  Virginia. 


BEST  RECORD 

Ever  Made  by. 
Any  Cream  Separator. 

Only 

A  SHARPLES 

Could  Do  It. 

We  have  repeatedly  told  you  that  Sharpies 
Dairy  T ubular  Cream  Separators  wear  a  lifetime. 

One  of  our  regular  hand-driven  Dairy  Tubulars, 
of  500  pounds  capacity  per  hour,  recently  finished 
work  equal  to  100  years’  service  in  a  five  to  eight 
cow  dairy.  Total  cost  for  oil  and  repairs  only 
one  dollar  and  fifteen  cents.  This  Tu¬ 
bular  is  free  for  all  to  inspect  who  visit 
the  world’s  greatest  separator  works. 

Ask  us  to  mail  you  the  fully  illustrated 
record  of  this  great  demonstration  of  Tubu- 
I  ar  superiority.  See  ho w  the  parts  of  this 
Tubular  resisted  wear.  Tubulars  are  guar¬ 
anteed  forever  by 
America’s  oldest 
separator  concern. 

Tubulars  outsklm 
as  well  as  outwear 
all  others.  Have 
twice  the  skimming 
force.  Skim  faster. 

Skim  twice  as 
clean.  Dairy  Tubu¬ 
lars  contain 
no  disks. 

Y ou  will  fi¬ 
nally  have  a 
Tubular.  Get 
the  Tubular 
first.  You  can 
try  It  without 
paying  one  cent  for 

freight  or  anything  _ 

else.  Other  separators,  exchanged  for  Tubulars,  are 
simply  pour¬ 
ing  in.  Ex- 
change 
yours.  Write 
for  catalogue 
No.  153 


THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO. 

WEST  CHESTER,  PA. 

Chicago,  Ill.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Portland,  Ore, 
Toronto,  Can.  Winnipeg.  Can. 


Cow-Ease--, 

Kills  Ticks. 

KEEPS 
FLIES  OFF 

Cattle  and  Horses 

and  allow,  cows  to  feed  in  peace,  making 
More  MilK  and  More  Money  for  you. 

A  clean,  harmless  liquid  preparation,  ap- 
phed  with  a  sprayer.  Keeps  cows  in  good 
condition  and  saves  five  times  its  cost  in 
extra  milk. 

TRIAL  OFFER 

If  your  dealer  cannot  supply 
you,  send  us  his  name  and 
$1.25.  and  we  will  deliver 
prepaid  to  your  address  1  -2 
gallon  can  of  COW-EASE, 
and  SPRAYER  for  apply¬ 
ing.  For  West  of  Missouri « 

River  and  for  Canada,  above 
Trial  Offer,  $1.50. 

Satlsf action  or  Money  Back. 

C ARPENTER-MORTON  CO. 

BOSTON.  MASS. 


MINOR’S 
FLUID 


W  antotUQ 


"THE  YELLOW  CAN" 

KILLS  LICE,  TICKS 


and  stomach  worms;  cures  sores, 
mange,  scab,  scours  in  pigs,  etc. 
Prevents  contagious  abortion. 
According  to  voluntary  state¬ 
ments  of  many  swine  breeders  it  is  wonderfully 
effective  as  a  preventive  of  that  dread  disease 

Hog  Cholera^ 

Thousands  upon  thousands  of  dollars  now 
lost  by  swine  breeders  each  year  on  account 
of  this  disease  can  be  saved  by  the  proper  use 
of  Minor’s  Fluid.  It  will  pay  for  itself  many 
times  over  by  preventing  a  waste  of  feed. 
Hogs  infested  with  vermin  get  thin  and 
scrawny  because  they  do  not  get  the  full 
benefit  of  their  feed.  Dip  them  in  Minor’s 
Fluid,  which  rids  them  promptly  of  the  vermin, 
and  see  how  fast  they  will  take  on  flesh. 

Your  dealer  carries  MINOR’S  FLUID  in  stock 
or  can  get  it.  If  not,  write  us  direct. 

Get  our  prices  on  Dipping  Tanks. 

The  W.  E.  Minor  Disinfectant  Co. 


1554  Columbus  Road 


Cleveland,  Ohio 


ilk  Fever  Outfits. 

nEHOKNEUS,  Teat  Syphons,  Blitters, 

Dilators,  etc.  Received  only  award 
World’s  Fairs  Chicago  and  St.  Louis., 

Write  for  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

HAUSSMANN  &  DUNN  CO. 

708  South  Clark  Street,  Chicago,  Ill. 


The .  attack  may  probably  be  prevented 

i_c  „„„„  „„„  t, _ „ _ _  by  drying  the  cow  off  six  weeks  before  calv- 

90  cents  per*  100.  This  is  a  good  dairying  }PS.  or  thereabout,  and  then  making  her 

-  ,  •  .  i.  ji. _ .  i  ..  _  _ 11  VP  UTi  All  tfiADl’  llTO  flD/1  An  ltnrltf  In  vo4-ii?o 


locality,  and  at  present  there  is  a  surplus 
of  milk ;  shipping  stations  are  making  it 
into  butter  and  cheese.  Winter  cows  are 
holding  out  extremely  well ;  at  present  the 
cost  of  production  is  the  value  of  pasture 
aud  labor,  as  no  grain  Is  being  fed.  Milk 
was  a  good  price  last  Winter,  and  a  fair 
profit  was  made,  and  we  urge  The  R.  N.-Y. 
to  do  as  much  as  possible  toward  securing 
even  a  greater  profit  the  coming  season.  I 
think  the  majority  of  the  farmers  who  draw 


live  an  outdoor  life  and  on  light  laxative 
rations.  Keep  her  bowels  acting  freely  and 
especially  so  just  before  calving.  Feed  bran 
mashes  containing  flaxseed  meal  at  that 
time,  and  if  there  is  any  tendency  to  con¬ 
stipation  mix  in  a  few  ounces  of  Epsom 
salts  daily.  See  that  the  stable  is  cool  and 
perfectly  ventilated.  Let  the  calf  suck  for 
a  week  or  so  instead  of  milking  cow ;  or  if 
you  must  milk  her  take  some  of  the  miik 
several  times  a  day  at  first,  but  do  not 
milk  her  out  clean.  a.  s.  a. 


IF  IT’S  CATTLE 

STANCHIONS 


Write  Green  for  cir¬ 
culars  and  prices .  ,  . 

LANDON  A.  GREEN 
Ogdensburg,  N.  Y. 


IYOUNG  MEN  WANTED  to  learn 

VETERINARY  profession.  Catalogue 
S?\r  f ree.  Grand  Rapids  Veterinary 
*|  College,  Dep.15,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


The  Importance  of 
Cooling  Milk  Properly 

is  recognized  by  every  milk  dealer.  Heknowsthat 
it  milk  is  cooled  quickly  and  thoroughly  aerated, 
it  will  keen  sweet  24  tn  43  hours  longer.  The  « 


.99 


Bestov 

Milk  Cooler 

willcool  m!lk  to  within 
two  degrees  of  water 
temperature,  absolute* 
ly  removing  every  par¬ 
ticle  of  odor.  It  is  well 
made  and  durable,  and 
very  reasonable  in 
price*  Send  for  cata* 
logueH.,  describing  a 
complete  line  of  sup¬ 
plies  for  the  dairy. 

Dairymens  Supply  Co. 

PHIUDaPHI*  AND 
LANS00WNE,  PA. 


pm  I  1C  PUPC— From  imported  stock.  Females 

UULLIL  rUlOeheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 


IX  o 


SE!S 


ERGHERON 

STALLIONS  AND  MARES 

Imported  and  home-bred.  The  best  lot  ever 
shown  in  this  country.  Quality,  price,  guarantee  right. 
For  30  years  an  importer  and  breeder  of  prize  winners. 

E  L  W  O  O  D  S  . 

170  South  Street, 


AKIN 
Auburn,  N.  V. 


Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 

at  farmers’  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station.  East  Orwell,  O., 
On  Fenna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown.  O, 


CATTLE 


JULY  OFFERING 

Maplo  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford,  Conn. 
Fantim’s  Zac,  Taylor,  imported  Guernsey  bull,  head 
of  our  herd,  is  offered  for  sale  to  avoid  inbreeding. 
One  of  the  grandest  individuals  in  tiie  U.  S.  and 
perfect  in  every  detail.  Photo,  on  request. 

One  registered  Berkshire  Boar,  seven  monthsold. 

One  magnificent  Chester  White  Boar,  14  months 
old.  at  a  sacrifice. 

Eight,  four  and  five  months  old  Jersey  Bulls  (Reg.) 
from  32-36  pound  stock  and  Pogis  blood. 

We  will  guarantee  that  the  above  stock  is  perfect 
and  cannot  bo  beat  at  the  price,  or  we  will  refund 
your  money  and  your  carfare. 


WSiHOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se. 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females- 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somerville  N.  J. 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTE1N-FRIESIAN  ASS'N  OF  AMERICA 
F.L.  HOUGHTON.  SEC’V.  BOX  105,  BRATTLEBORO.VT. 


SHELDONCROFT 

J.  T.  RUSSELL,  Prop.  CHflS.  B.  DAYTON.  Supt. 

SILVER  LAKE,  Susq.  Co.,  Pa. 

Pure  Bred  Jersey  Cattle.  Berkshire  Swine. 


AT  LAUREL  FARM 

we  have  on  hand  some  half-dozen  sons  of  Fern’s 
Jubilee,  73852,  A.  J.  C.  C.,  from  ten  months  down 
to  a  few  days  old.  All  out  of  good  cows.  Discount 
price  for  next  thirty  days. 

J.  GltANT  MOKSE,  Hamilton,  N,  Y. 


Flirpka  9tnpk  Registered  Jersey  Bulls 

LUICfid  Oiuun  r aim  and  Heifers, 6  monthsto  2 
years  old.  Chester  White,  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  Pups  and  a  variety 
Of  poultry.  Send  two-cent  stamp  for  circular. 

KDWAKD  WALTER,  West  Chester.  Pa. 


Breed  Up— Not  Down 


—Jersey  Bull  Calves 


buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  R.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


SWINE 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

...  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.- £5 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson’s  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON.  Piuprietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


Reg.  P.  Chinas,  Berkshires,  C.  Whites. 

Fine,  large  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 
Pups,  Beagles  and  Poultry  .  Write  for 
prices  &  circulars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Ercildoun  Pa. 


'hector  Whitoc  Enquiries  promptly  answered. 
Ollcolcl  If  illlco  Eugene  T.  Black,  Seio,  N.  Y. 


llipnpc  THE  BIG.  DEEP  FELLOWS 

JUI1UUO  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS.  Transfer,  Pa. 


ARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD  —  Regular  Summer 
■  Offering  of  Bred  Sows.  Eighty  at  our  home  farm, 
to  lOmonths  old,  some  of  thorn  bred;  selected  from 
large  litters  out  of  mature  dams.  $35  up.  Come  and 
look  them  over.  H.  C.  &  H.  B.  HARPENDING,  Dundee.  N.Y. 


Alfalfa  Lodge  Yorkshires 

Short  Nose  Type,  March  Pigs. 

JOHN  G.  CUKTIS  -  -  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


CHELDON  FARM  registered  Dnroc6.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
v  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNES,  Oxford.  N.  V. 


1911. 


746 


FEEDING  YOUNG  CALVES. 

I  have  five  early  Winter  calves,  and  have 
weaned  them  and  turned  them  to  pasture. 
I  would  like  to  grain  them  all  Summer, 
and  I  do  not.  know  just  what  to  give  them 
for  best  results  How  would  100  pounds 
calf  meal,  300  pounds  oil  meal,  and  about 
500  pounds  white  middlings  mixed  alj 
together,  be  to  feed  dry  night  and  morning? 

Fonda,  N.  Y.  p.  y.  b. 

If  P.  Y.  B.  has  plenty  of  grass  for 
those  calves  it  is  not  likely  that  they 
will  eat  grain  feed  with  any  regularity. 
However  if  the  area  of  pasture  is  small 
and  the  grass  short  these  calves  may 
readily  eat  grain  ration  and  some  clover 
hay  also.  If  corn  can  be  had  at  a  fair 
price  I  should  prefer  cornmeal  instead  of 
the  middlings,  using  cornmeal  and  oil 
meal,  the  proportion  of  oil  meal  being 
10  to  15  per  cent,  according  to  kind  and 
amount  of  pasture  or  roughage  used. 
The  feeds  mentioned  by  P.  Y.  B.  are, 
in  the  quantities  named,  richer  than 
necessary  in  protein  and  if  these  calves 
are  made  into  baby  beef  it  would  be  well 
to  add  more  fat-producing  feeds.  Such 
calves  can  eat  three  or  four  pounds  per 
day  of  the  grain  ration,  and  this  may  be 
gradually  increased  towards  Fall,  when 
they  may  be  put  upon  a  finishing  ration 
of  corn  and  oil  meal,  clover  or  Alfalfa 
hay  and  corn  stover.  The  question  of 
profit  and  loss  and  the  individual  appe¬ 
tites  of  these  calves  must  determine 
their  feeding  and  handling. 

Ohio.  w.  e.  duckwaix. 


RAISING  EARLY  LAMBS. 

I  have  a  small  flock  of  grade  Shrop¬ 
shire  ewes  with  which  the  ram  was  not 
turned  last  Fall.  I  would  like  to  raise 
early  lambs,  and  so  put  in  the  buck  the 
first  of  this  month,  but  have  seen  no 
signs  of  their  mating.  w.  m.  t. 

Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y. 

This  is  a  hard  question,  and  I  can 
give  only  suggestions,  with  little  hope 
of  success.  I  have  tried  all  sorts  of  de¬ 
vices  to  get  ewes  to  breed  during  warm 
weather,  but  with  small  results.  That 
is  one  reason  why  Spring  lambs  are 
scarce.  The  Dorset  and  Tunis  havo 
been  bred  to  mate  in  warm  weather, 
but  there  are  always  a  large  number  of 
ewes  in  both  breeds  in  every  flock  I 
ever  saw  which  did  not  drop  their  lambs 
until  midwinter.  I  have  found  it  very 
difficult  to  get  Shropshire  lambs  before 
the  last  of  January.  Such  lambs  will 
usually  go  to  market  in  April  and  sell 
for  $5  to  $7  each.  I  suggest  that  you 
keep  the  ram  up  during  the  day ;  feed 
him  plenty  of  nice  grass  and  all  the 
oats  he  will  eat  up  clean.  Turn  him 
with  the  ewes  only  at  night.  I  suggest 
that  you  feed  the  ewes  a  moderate  ra¬ 
tion  of  corn  and  oats  for  a  couple  of 
weeks,  say  a  gill  each  daily.  You  should 
get  a  small  number  to  lamb  during  late 
December,  but  I  prophesy  that  the  most 
of  your  flock  will  not  breed  until  cool 
weather  comes.  I  hope  it  may  be  other¬ 
wise.  E.  VAN  ALSTYNE. 


The  Henyard. 


Whence  Came  the  Black  One  ? 

A  very  peculiar  circumstance  came  to 
light  in  my  business  yesterday,  or  at  least 
happened  in  It,  but  which  needs  a  scientific 
explanation.  I  had  an  incubator  full  of 
White  Leghorn  eggs  hatching,  and  imagine 
my  surprise  when  I  looked  in  and  saw  an 
all-black  chick,  and  again  when  removing 
them  from  the  machine  found  another  black 
one.  There  have  been  no  colored  fowls  on 
this  place  in  four  years,  and  all  the  hens 
that  I  am  hatching  from  were  raised  here. 
No  fowls  can  get  on  the  place  from  the 
neighbors.  •  I  would  like  the  opinion  of 
others  on  this.  mrs.  mary  f.  dougan. 

New  Jersey. 

I  have  bred  White  Leghorns  for  a  num¬ 
ber  of  years,  and  have  several  times  found 
a  chick  with  a  few  black  or  yellow  feath¬ 
ers,  but  never  one  that  was  all  or  half 
black.  I  consider  this  a  freak  of  nature, 
such  as  sometimes  happens  in  the  breeding 
of  animals  or  plants. 

New  York.  c.  H.  Zimmer. 

While  it  is  difficult  to  explain  the  theory 
to  account  for  black  chickens  coming  from 
white  fowls  that  are  known  to  be  purebred, 
it  is,  nevertheless,  a  common  occurrence. 
Black  and  white  coloration  are  very  closely 
associated,  white  chickens  frequently  appear¬ 
ing  among  the  black  varieties  and  black 
chickens  appearing  among  the  white  varie¬ 
ties,  showing  that  in  the  development  of 
the  embryo  the  cells  sometimes  show  a  pre¬ 
dominance  or  an  absence  of  the  color  char¬ 
acteristic.  If  very  many  chickens  should  show 
false  color  one  would  naturally  suspect  im¬ 
purity  of  the  blood,  and  that  it  was  evidence 
of  a  well-known  principle  in  breeding,  called 
reversion  or  atavism,  which  is  a  tracing  back 
several  generations  where  the  coloration 
originally  existed.  james  e.  rice. 

Cornell  Agricultural  College. 

Radically  off-colored  plumage  on  individual 
birds  in  a  line  that  has  been  bred  pure  for 
many  years  can  and  in  rare  instances  does 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


occur.  The  appearance  of  a  black  chick, 
however,  among  White  Leghorns,  is  so  very 
unlikely  that  where  there  is  a  remote  pos¬ 
sibility  of  anv  substitution  of  other  eggs  I 
should  look  that  way  for  the  explanation. 
A'  hen  will  sometimes  go  under  cover  a  long 
way  to  a  place  considered  out  of  her  reach 
to  lay.  It  seems  also  that  these  white 
fowls  have  been  kept  separate  for  only  four 
years,  so  it  might  easily  happen,  if  hens 
two  years  old  or  older  are  bred,  that  a 
chick'  would  be  only  two  generations  away 
from  a  possible  black  parent,  for  it  is  the 
rule  that  nearly  all  of  the  feathers  on  White 
Leghorn  crosses  are  white.  White  birds 
used  for  breeding  might  not  be  pure.  There 
is  at  least  one  instance  of  colored  individ¬ 
uals  appearing  in  a  pure  line  of  closely  bred 
White  Leghorns  where  only  white  birds  had 
been  mated  for  many  years.  This  was  a 
case  only  of  markings  of  yellowish  or  buff, 
a  color  much  more  likely  to  find  expression. 

H.  P.  WIIEELER. 

Geneva  (N.  Y.)  Exp.  Station. 


FEEDING  MEAT  TO  POULTRY. 

Does  it  pay  to  feed  meat  to  laying  hens? 
Is  such  meat  feeding  necessary  or  can  poul¬ 
try  do  as  well  on  clover  or  other  vegetable 
food? 

We  have  found  that  in  feeding  Whit© 
Wyandottes  we  get  best  egg  yields  by  feed¬ 
ing  fresh  green  cut  bone  together  with 
grain  such  as  oats  and  wheat.  We  have 
also  fed  milk  besides  the  green  bone  and 
grain  with  very  satisfactory  results.  We 
do  not  feed  meat  in  any  form  in  the  Spring 
and  Summer  months  as  our  hens  have  a 
large  range  in  yards  and  they  get  insects, 
which  we  find  answers  well  in  place  of  the 
bone  fed  through  the  Winter. 

New  York.  b.  f.  kean  &  sons. 

As  to  feeding  meat  to  hens  to  get  the  best 
results  in  egg  yield,  there  is  one  condition 
which  cannot  be  overlooked,  and  that  is, 
are  the  birds  kept  on  free  range  giving  them 
an  abundance  of  animal  food  from  the  bugs? 
If  so,  meat  food  is  not  a  necessity,  but  if 
rather  extensive  poultry  culture  is  followed, 
that  is  many  fowls  on  rather  limited  range, 
then  meat  is  a  necessity  for  continued  egg 
production  throughout  the  year.  Before  I 
settled  down  to  a  steady  feeding  of  meat 
daily  the  year  around,  I  read  the  report  of 
every  experiment  on  that  point  by  experi¬ 
ment  stations  that  I  heard  of,  and  invari¬ 
ably  those  fowls  fed  meat  did  the  best.  I 
have  failed  yet  to  find  that  Alfalfa  will  do 
for  meat.  The  past  Whiter  a  mash  with 
Alfalfa  as  part  substitute  was  a  failure.  As 
to  the  difference  in  feeding  of  different 
breeds  I  cannot  answer.  I  have  handled 
other  breeds  than  White  Wyandotte  but 
so  many  years  ago  that  it  does  not  count. 
My  mash  is  one-quarter  by  weight  beef 
scrap.  william  o.  burr. 

Connecticut. 

Is  it  true  that  meat  of  some  kind  is  ab¬ 
solutely  necessary  in  order  to  get  the  best 
out  of  hens?  Back  to  nature  and  the  ques¬ 
tion  is  answered.  Watch  the  angle  worm 
with  a  chick  tugging  at  either  end  and  ’tis 
answered  again.  Assuredly  we  are  of  the 
opinion  backed  by  a  good  deal  of  experience 
and  observation  that  animal  food  in  some 
form  is  necessary  for  best  results.  Bran, 
clover,  Alfalfa  and  similar  feeds  have  their 
place  but  cannot  be  made  wholly  to  take  the 
place  of  meat  foods.  Small  Hocks  on  free 
range  may  be  able  to  procure  sufficient  in 
the  warm  months  but  large  flocks,  yarded 
flocks,  and  in  cold  weather  all  birds  must  be 
supplied.  As  to  the  best  kind  that  most 
available  will  be  used.  We  would  place 
green  cut  bone  in  first  place,  skim-milk  curd 
second  and  beef  scraps  third.  The  results 
we  have  procured  from  the  free  use  of  curd 
'Dutch  cheese)  have  been  astounding. 

Ohio.  F.  N.  ADAMS. 

In  my  experience  with  White  Leghorns 
I  have  been  unable  to  get  much  better  re¬ 
sults  feeding  meat  than  when  fed  a  variety 
of  grains  and  green  food.  The  present  sea- 
sonT  kept  the  hens  confined  in  the  buildings 
until  early  in  April,  and  a  few  days  after 
they  were  out  of  doors  they  doubled  in  their 
egg  yield  without  change  of  feed  excepting 
grass  and  possibly  worms,  but  there  were 
few  insects  or  bugs  out  on  account  of  cold 
weather.  I  had  been  feeding  meat  for  a 
time  before  this  without  any  change  in  egg 
yield.  I  have  found  skimmed  milk  to  be 
as  good  or  better,  especially  in  hot  weather 
when  they  will  consume  large  quantities  of 
It.  I  would  not  advise  against  feeding  meat 
entirely  but  a  small  amount  in  the  dry 
mash  has  given  me  as  good  results  as  when 
large,  liberal  feedings  have  been  given.  I 
gave  this  a  good  test  some  time  ago  when 
a  carload  of  cows  were  killed  on  the  railroad 
and  1  secured  several  carcasses  and  boiled 
them  until  the  meat  came  from  the  bones. 
This  beef  was  spread  out  and  dried  so  that 
it  would  keep  a  long  time  in  cold  weather 


but  I  did  not  get  any  better  results  than 
when  I  fed  meat  in  very  small  quantities. 
With  me  the  result  in  feeding  meat  just 
about  pays  for  it,  for  it  is  quite  an  expen- 
sixe  food.  c.  h.  zimmer. 

New  York. 

It  has  been  my  experience  that  meat  is 
necessary  for  the  perfect  development  of 
both  growing  chicks  and  the  maximum  egg 
yield  and  perfect  vigor  of  grown  stock.  I 
believe  that  no  variety  of  poultry  can  be 
kept  up  to  standard  vigor,  health  and  egg 
output,  generation  after  generation,  with¬ 
out  meat  in  some  form  being  a  part  of 
their  food.  It  seems  to  me  that  this  ques¬ 
tion  is  very  similar  to  the  one  which  has 
long  existed  as  to  whether  it  is  necessary 
for  human  beings  to  partake  of  animal  food 
in  order  to  attain  the  highest  development 
and  health.  Vegetarians  believe  that  it  is 
absolutely  unnecessary  to  have  any  meat 
in  the  daily  diet,  but  they  (at  least  those 
with  whom  I  have  come  in  contact)  seem 
to  lack  the  vigor,  snap  and  robust  health 
that  other  human  beings  enjoy  who  do  not 
confine  themselves  to  a  vegetable  diet.  The 
result  is,  in  my  opinion,  the  same  with 
poultry.  In  the  experiments  that  I  have 
carried  on  for  some  years,  I  have  found  It 
impossible  to  get  the  weight  and  vigor 
desired  without  making  a  considerable  pro¬ 
portion  of  the  daily  ration,  animal  food. 

New  York.  Sinclair  smith. 


A  DUCK  DIALOGUE. 

The  following  questions  were  sent  by 
one  of  our  readers  to  Mr.  Geo.  E.  Howell 
who  recently  discussed  Indian  River  ducks. 
His  answer  follows : 

“A  3x5  pen  has  board  floor.  Is  any 
litter  necessary  or  advisable?  I  have  tried 
it  but  it  soon  gets  filthy  and  smells  ter¬ 
ribly.” 

Pen  should  be  covered  with  litter  and 
cleaned  out  when  soiled  and  unfit  to  use 
longer ;  pen  is  too  small  except  for  sleeping 
and  laying  room. 

“Is  a  wet  mash  of  bran  and  beef  scrap 
fed  twice  a  day,  with  grass  a  correct 
method  of  feeding?  What  is  your  method 
and  how  much  per  bird?” 

Use  wheat  middlings  and  bran,  equal 
parts,  with  small  amount  of  scrap  for 
morning  feed,  only  green  food  at  noon  and 
grain  at  night,  all  they  will  eat  up  clean. 

“Would  you  advise  letting  ducks  out  on 
river  to  go  where  they  please?  I  am  fear¬ 
ful  they  would  not  return ;  there  are  plenty 
of  woodland  and  farms  on  river  bank,  good 
feeding  ground.” 

Try  letting  them  run  for  a  short  time 
each  day,  driving  them  in  ;  then  if  they  re¬ 
turn  give  them  their  liberty  and  cut  down 
feed  one-half. 

“I  am  keeping  a  Rouen  drake  in  with  the 
four  Runners.  Would  the  presence  of  this 
bird  affect  the  egg  production?  I  do  not 
want  to  use  the  eggs  for  hatching.” 

No. 

“When  is  the  best  time  to  hatch  ducks 
and  how  about  feed  for  ducklings?” 

The  months  of  May,  .Tune  and  July,  per¬ 
haps  as  early  as  April  in  your  section ; 
early  development  is  no  benefit  except  for 
market  or  table.  Feed  ducklings  three  times 
daily  with  mash. 

“Ducks  seem  to  lay  anywhere  and  every¬ 
where.  Do  you  provide  nests?” 

Ducks  lay  on  the  floor ;  do  not  let  them 
out  before  7  a.  m. 


A  TAX  ON  POULTRY. 

Here  in  Buffalo  there  are  a  set  of  men 
trying  to  get  the  city  to  pass  a  law  to  levy 
a  tax  of  $1  per  year  on  all  persons  keeping 
chickens  within  the  city  limits.  This  same 
law  is  to  provide  for  inspectors  to  look 
after  the  way  poultry  is  kept  in  back  yards. 
The  Utility  Association  is  making  a  protest 
against  it.  Why  levy  the  tax  on  the  poultry 
man?  It  will  take  the  bread  from  a  good 
many  mouths,  and  persons  having  a  few 
chickens  for  their  own  nse  would  perhaps 
not  have  a  fresh  egg  on  their  table  the  year 
round.  We  are  quite  sure  that  the  enforce¬ 
ment  of  a  law  like  this  would  be  wrong,  as 
there  are  a  good  many  poor  persons  who  have 
poultry  in  the  city.  They  would  have  to 
give  it  up.  It  costs  enough  for  feed,  with¬ 
out  having  to  pay  .$1  a  year  taxes.  I  be¬ 
lieve  it  is  a  case  of  some  one  wanting  to 
feather  a  nice  nest  and  add  another  politi¬ 
cal  plum  to  those  already  here.  What  is  the 
matter  with  letting  the  health  department 
of  the  city  take  care  of  the  inspecting  and 
let  the  tax  alone?  I  send  you  this  as  per¬ 
haps  some  other  places  they  are  having 
some  trouble  in  this  line.  Next  the  canar¬ 
ies,  parrots,  rabbits,  cats,  etc.,  will  all  come 
up  for  a  tag  if  this  is  allowed  to  go  through. 

Buffalo,  N.  Y.  F.  A.  KUHN. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


are  as  much  superior  to  other  sep¬ 
arators  as  other  separators  are  to 
gravity  setting  methods.  Why  go 
but  “half-way”  when  buying  a 
separator?  Why  not  insure  satis¬ 
faction  by  getting  a  DE  LAVAL? 


165-167  BROADWAY, 
NEW  YORK. 


29  E.  MADISON  ST. 
CHICAGO. 


Terre  Haute  Veterinary  College 

A  complete  practical  course  in  Veterinary  Science. 

Write  today  for  catalogue  and  information. 

DR.  S..V.  RAMSKY,  TERRE  HAUTE,  IND. 


NEWTON’S  HEAVE 


COUCH,  DISTEMPER  Al  |DC 
AND  INDIGESTION  VUl\L 


w 

M 


DEATH  TO  HEAVES 


The  first  or  second  $1.00  can  cures  Heaves.  The  third 
can  Is  guaranteed  to  cure  or  money  refunded. 
$1.00  per  can  at  dealers,  or  express  prepaid. 

THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO„  Toledo,  Ohio 


MINERAL. 
HEAVE 
REMEDY 


NEGLECT 
Will  Ruin' 
YourHorse 

Send  today  (or 
only 

PERMANENT^ 

CURE 

SAFE 
CERTAIN 


$3  PACKAGE 

will  cure  any  case  or 
money  refunded. 

$1  PACKAGE 

cures  ordinary  cases. 
Postpaid  on  receipt  of  pricey 
Agents  Wanted 

Write  for  deHcriptive 
booklet 


If  ■  IT _ V) _ AC1  C _ dl.  A  oanilA  PiHclvnrcr  Pa. 


•-has  saved  thousands  of  dollars 
and  thousands  of  horses.  The  old 
reliable  cure  for  Spavin,  Ring¬ 
bone,  Splint  or  any  lameness. 

For  sale  at  all  druggists.  Price 
$1  per  bottle,  6  for  $5.  "Treatise  on 
free  at  druggists  or  w/ite  to  Dr,  B.  J. 
COMPAiNY,  Knosburg  Falla,  YU,  U»  S.  A. 


Sound  Horses 

made  and  kept  sound  the  world 
over  by 

QUINN’S 

OINTMENT 

Note  the  sign.  Prlco  $  1 .00  per 

Bottle,  Of  druggists  or  by  mall. 
Testimonials  free  for  the  asking. 

W.  B.  Eddy  &  Co.,  Whitehall,  M.T, 


Look  Out  tor  Worms  This  Month 


S.  R.  FEIL 

Pres. 


V II  Stop  Your  Worm  Losses 
I'll  Prove  it  Before  You  Pay 

Keep  a  close  watch  for  worms  this  month.  Now  is  the  time  they 
begin  to  get  in  their  deadly  work.  Look  out  for  drooping  ears,  dull  eyes, 
laggard  steps,  gaunt  looks,  colic,  diarrhoea,  pale  skin,  etc. 

Don’t  forget  that  when  these  symptoms  are  present  it  means  that 
worms  already  have  a  death  grip  and  something  must  be  done  quickly. 
Let  me  do  it  for  you.  I’ll  got  rid  of  the  worms  and  save  your  lambs.  I’ll  put  your 
whole  flocktn  prime  condition.  I’ll  prevent  worms  from  getting  further foot¬ 
hold.  I’ll  show  you  how  to  conquer  these  dreaded  pests  in  all 
your  live  stock.  I’ll  do  this  before  you  pay  me  one  penny.  I’ll 
do  It  with  Sal-Vet,  that  wonderful  worm  destroyer  and  condi¬ 
tioner  just  as  I  havo  done  it  for  thousands  of  other  farmers. 

I’ll  save  you  money,  worry,  time  and  trouble.  Here  are  just  a 
few  sample  letters  showing  what  Sal-Vet  really  does.  For 
stomach  and  free  intestinal  worms  it  has  no  equal. 

“I  had  300  lambs  badly  infected  with  stomach 


No 
Doping , 

No  Handling 

They  Doctor  Themselves  ,/0. 


Fill  out  the  coupon,  tell  me  how  many  head  of  stock  you 
have  and  I’ll  ship  you  enough  Sal-Vet  to  last  them  60  days, 


>u 


"We  had  600  sheep.  100  we  fed  Sal-vet  and  did 
not  lose  a  single  one.  Out  of  the  600  we  lost  26. 

Corwin  Skidmore,  Fenton,  Mich. 

*T  havo  not  lost  a  single  larabamce  using  Sal- 
Vet.’*  A.  F.  Anderson,  Brayton,  la. 


Worms  and  considerably  run  down.  Put  them 
on  Sal-Vet  and  they  made  a  gain  of  40  lba.  per 
head.  1*11  never  bo  without  Sal-  Vet. r* 

W.  S.  Patton,  Plattsbursr.  O. 


Send  for  a  supply  now  —  remem-  .  •  . 

ber  it  costs  you  nothing  if  not 
satisfactory.  I  take  all  the  risk  s*  * 


Mall  Coupon  today. 


Sidney  R.  Fell,  Pres. 


e  risk.  V  W[v »-  ..  - 


Prices:  40  lbs 


s.,  THE  S.  R. FEIL  CO.,  Oept.R.N.VCleveland,0. 

i„  $2.25. 100  lbs.  $5;  200  lbs.,  $9:  300  lbs.,  $13;  50(1  lbs.,  $21.12.  V  &  &  V  CT  V-° 


•746 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


The  Auto  Press  Company,  having 
failed  to  get  consent  to  an  increase  of 
stock,  is  now  offering  bonds  to  take 
care  of  current  obligations.  If  you  re¬ 
member  the  advertisement  at  the  time 
you  bought  the  stock  you  may  wonder 
what  has  become  of  the  big  profits  that 
were  to  be  made. 

If  our  government  would  jail  a  few  fel¬ 
lows  like  E.  G.  Lewis,  it  would  be  a 
mighty  good  thing  for  people  who  have  not 
sense  enough  to  keep  them  money  at  home. 
Oregon.  G.  H.  B. 

That  is  true  and  tersely  expressed ; 
but  how  many  of  us  have  escaped  a 
“gold  brick”  some  time  in  our  life? 
Some  very  shrewd  business  men  get 
caught  on  these  promotion  schemes ; 
and  Lewis  was  particularly  alluring  be¬ 
cause  he  was  sharp  enough  to  base  it 
•  all  on  land  values,  which  appeal  to 
most  people. 

It  is  announced  that  Hamptons  and 
Columbian  Magazines  and  other  publi¬ 
cations  from  St.  Louis,  controlled  by 
Frank  Orff,  are  to  be  combined  in  one 
$4,000,000  company  with  offices  in  New 
York.  The  Columbian  and  Hamptons 
have  been  selling  stock  to  subscribers, 
and  it  is  intimated  that  the  dear  public 
is  to  have  an  opportunity  to  invest  its 
cash  in  the  new  combination.  The 
allurements  have  a  familiar  St.  Louis 
tone.  The  old  investors  will  probably 
have  the  privilege  of  changing  the  old 
certificates  for  new  ones.  Such  ex¬ 
changes  are  the  usual  thing  in  this  style 
of  finance.  The  rising  anger  of  dupes 
must  be  allayed  by  new  sugar-coated 
sedatives.  We  hope  our  people  will 
leave  romantic  publishers  to  finance 
their  own  hazards. 

Five  months  ago  we  sent  you  a  razor  on 
30  days’  free  trial,  and  trusted  you  to  re¬ 
turn  the  razor  or  value  of  same.  Your 
name  was  suggested  to  us  by  one  of  our 
customers,  as  being  a  responsible  person, 
and  one  to  be  trusted,  and  we  are  still  in¬ 
clined  to  think  the  matter  of  non-payment 
is  an  oversight,  which  you  will  rectify  with¬ 
out  further  trouble.  We  will  not  write  you 
again  on  this  subject,  but  we  will  certainly 
not  allow  the  matter  to  drop,  and  unless 
we  receive  your  remittance  or  the  return 
of  the  razor  within  20  days  the  entire  case 
will  be  placed  in  other  hands  for  further 
and  more  forceful  action.  Trusting  the 
matter  has  been  an  oversight,  and  that  we 
will  not  be  forced  to  adopt  this  course, 
which  will  mean  costs  and  trouble  to  you 
w'e  remain, 

Chicago,  Ill.  THE  VICTOR  RAZOR  CO. 

We  print  the  above  as  a  very  good 
sample  of  bluff  which  was  recently  re¬ 
ceived  by  a  Connecticut  farmer.  As 
intimated,  the  razor  was  sent  him 
without  either  his  knowledge  or  con¬ 
sent.  The  farmer  is  not  even  respon¬ 
sible  for  safe  keeping  of  goods  so  re¬ 
ceived,  and  is  under  no  obligation 
whatever  to  spend  his  time  or  his 
money  in  returning  it.  Let  them  come 
and  get  it  or  send  advance  payment  for 
time  and  expense  of  repacking  and 
shipping. 

Some  time  last  Fall  an  agent  of  L.  P. 
Gunson  &  Co.,  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  took  my 
order  for  30  pounds  seed  corn  and  one 
bushel  early  seed  potatoes.  lie  said  the 
seed  would  arrive  in  plenty  of  time  for 
planting,  and  that  arrangement  had  been 
made  with  a  local  man  to  act  as  dis¬ 
tributor.  On  May  11  I  was  notified  by 
’phone  that  the  seed  was  there.  I  went  for 
it  that  same  evening.  The  potatoes  had 
been  frozen,  were  soft  and  I  refused  them 
and  told  the  distributor  to  have  the  po¬ 
tato  order  cancelled.  The  corn  1  took  and 
paid  for.  The  distributor  said  the  seed  had 
arrived  some  days  back,  but  that  he  was 
waiting  a  list  of  the  purchasers  from  the 
company.  They  then  sent  on  a  new  order 
of  the  potatoes ;  but  it  is,  of  course,  too 
late  for  early  potatoes,  and  I  refused  them. 
Now  they  are  trying  to  collect  for  the  po¬ 
tatoes.  I  inclose  you  their  last  letter. 
What  shall  I  do?  Can  they  collect  from 
me?  I  do  not  want  any  trouble,  but  do 
not  want  to  pay  any  such  price  for  early 
seed  at  this  late  date.  The  corn  is  the 
xxirest  I  have  ever  seen  offered  for  seed. 

do  not  think  over  50  per  cent,  of  it  will 
make  a  stand.  h.  b.  n. 

New  York. 

We  asked  Messrs.  Gunson  &  Co.  for 
an  explanation  of  this  threat  to  make 
trouble  for  a  customer  under  such  cir¬ 
cumstances.  They  deny  that  they  had 
an  order  to  cancel  the  order,  but  ad¬ 
mit  that  the  shipment  was  frozen,  but 
fail  to  give  any  substantial  reason  for 
the  threat  to  make  trouble  and  “costs.” 
The  cost  of  the  order  for  one-half  bushel 
corn  and  one  bushel  of  potatoes  was 
$5.50.  If  this  company  is  putting  out 
any  genuine  new  varieties  the  horticul¬ 
tural  world  is  in  blissful  ignorance  of 
the  fact.  But  this  correspondent  has 
nothing  to  do  and  nothing  to  fear.  The 
company  would  have  a  sweet  time  col¬ 
lecting  any  such  bill.  No  firm  would 


think  of  putting  through  such  a  transac¬ 
tion  with  another  business  house;  but 
some  people  think  any  kind  of  a  bluff 
good  enough  to  scare  a  remittance  out 
of  a  farmer.  We  want  farmers,  like 
everyone  else,  to  meet  their  just  obliga¬ 
tions  honestly  and  fairly.  We  would 
have  no  reverence  for  a  defaulter  or  a 
crook  just  because  he  happened  to  be  a 
tiller  of  the  soil,  but  we  want  honest 
farmers  to  know  their  rights,  and  to 
fight  for  them  if  necessary.  We  want 
concerns  who  make  a  practice  of  tak¬ 
ing  their  own  time  and  their  own  way 
about  filling  orders  to  understand  that 
they  cannot  bluff  farmers  into  payment 
of  unjust  demands  by  a  circular  letter 
threatening  “trouble.”  Good  houses 
don’t  do  it ;  and  others  will  find  the 
method  barren  of  results. 

After  writing  you  about  our  experience 
with  the  lightning  rod  agent,  I  heard  of  a 
Genesee  County  owner  who  had  given  a 
similar  order  to  the  same  agent,  the  price 
to  be  .$8.  After  giving  the  order  he  became 
suspicious,  and  took  it  to  Attorney  San¬ 
ford  Church,  Albion,  N.  Y.  lie  discovered 
what  he  called  “a  joker”  in  the  order,  and 
that  it  really  figured  out  .$317.50  instead 
of  $8  as  it  was  written  out  and  as  the 
owner  understood  it.  The  lawyer  sent  can¬ 
cellation  of  the  order  to  the  agent  at  Troy, 
N.  Y.,  and  to  the  St.  Ixiuis  Lightning  Itod 
Co.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  The  Troy  letter  was 
returned,  and  the  St.  Louis  company  wrote 
the  owner  that  they  did  not  accept  cancel¬ 
lations.  Mr.  Church  answered  that  and 
nothing  has  been  heard  since.  An  attempt 
was  made  to  deliver  the  material,  but  the 
owner  refused  to  accept  it  and  they  went 
away  with  it.  I  gave  Lawyer  Church  my 
order  for  the  same  treatment.  Instead  of 
$10,  he  found  it  figured  up  $200.  There  is 
a  price  list  on  the  order  and  it  is  the  balls, 
points,  etc.,  with  measurement  of  rod  that 
figure  up  and  increase  the  cost  of  the  order. 

I  have  since  read  of  another  Orleans 
County  owner  who  had  a  similar  ex¬ 
perience,  and  turned  it  over  to  Mr.  Church. 

1  have  not  heard  of  any  case  where  they  at¬ 
tempted  to  collect.  F.  c.  H. 

New  York. 

This  clears  up  the  doubt  in  the  pre¬ 
vious  reference  to  this  case.  It  would 
seem  from  this  that  the  agent  acted  on 
behalf  of  the  St.  Louis  house.  The  fail¬ 
ure  to  leave  any  address  was  probably  a 
precaution  on  the  part  of  the  agent.  We 
do  not  expect  any  serious  attempt  to 
enforce  such  contracts.  It  would  make 
a  very  interesting  court  record  if  they 
did.  There  are  legitimate  responsible 
houses  in  this  business  as  in  other  lines, 
but  reliable  houses  do  not  send  agents 
through  the  country  taking  orders  un¬ 
der  the  pretense  that  the  work  is  deliv¬ 
ered  at  a  tenth  of  the  regular  cost  on  a 
fake  plea  of  advertising  the  goods. 
These  agents  will  hardly  be  invited  to 
dinner  by  the  Rural  family. 

Id  October,  1909,  one  R.  W.  Tryon,  ac¬ 
companied  by  Mr.  Schiebe  of  tbe  commis¬ 
sion  firm  of  Schiebe  Brothers,  847  Ran¬ 
dolph  St.,  Chicago,  Ill.,  came  to  my  place 
and  bought  my  apples  in  the  orchards  by 
the  barrel.  The  bill  amounted  to  $91.95. 
Schiebe  bought  the  barrels  of  Kehl  Brothers 
of  Northport  to  the  amount  of  $194,  and 
they  were  removed  by  Tryon.  Schiebe 
Brothers  also  bought  other  apples  in  the 
neighborhood  and  Tryon  packed  and  ship¬ 
ped  them.  He  also  gave  orders  on  A.  F. 
Anderson,  the  local  postmaster,  on  Schiebe 
Brothers’  account  for  different  purposes, 
and  in  some  cases  at  least  these  orders 
were  honored  by  Mr.  Anderson.  Tryon 
makes  the  sworn  statement  that  he  was 
Schiebe  Brothers’  agent  and  all  of  the  ap¬ 
ples  from  our  orchard  were  shipped  by 
Tryon  to  Schiebe  Brothers.  Tryon  gave 
me  an  order  on  Mr.  Anderson  for  my  ap¬ 
ples  with  the  request  that  I  hold  it  for 
a  few  days  until  he  heard  from  Schiebe 
Bros.  When  I  presented  the  order  Mr. 
Anderson  refused  to  cash  it,  as  he  said 
there  was  no  money  on  deposit  to  meet 
it.  Several  of  my  neighbors  had  a  similar 
experience  with  Tryon,  and  made  some  at¬ 
tempt  to  collect  through  legal  process,  and 
failed.  H.  von  H. 

Michigan. 

Schiebe  Brothers  make  the  contention 
that  this  A.  W.  Tryon  was  not  their 
agent,  but  shipped  to  them  on  com¬ 
mission.  It  is  evident,  however,  that 
Mr.  Schiebe  accompanied  Tryon  in  the 
purchase  of  apples  in  this  neighborhood, 
and  that  he  arranged  to  have  orders 
drawn  by  Tryon  on  their  account 
against  Postmaster  Anderson,  as  there 
seemed  to  be  no  banking  facilities  in  the 
place,  and  several  people  expressed 
themselves  as  willing  to  testify  that 
Tryon  represented  himself  as  the  agent 
of  Schiebe  Brothers.  This  is  another 
case  where  the  producers  seem  to  have 
been  a  little  slack  in  the  matter  of  de¬ 
tails.  Before  parting  with  the  apples  to 
an  agent  without  responsibility,  the  ship¬ 
per  should  first  have  an  acknowledg¬ 
ment  from  Schiebe  Brothers  that  Tryon 
was  recognized  as  their  agent  and  in 
addition  to  that  they  ought  to  have  a 
rating  for  Schiebe  Brothers  so  as  to 
know  their  responsibility  for  the  ship¬ 
ment.  We,  of  course,  have  no  magic 
power  to  collect  claims  of  this  kind. 
Technically  at  least  Schiebe  Brothers 
would  escape  responsibility  through  the 
law,  and  Tryon  not  being  financially 
responsible,  there  is  absolutely  nothing 
that  can  be  done  except  to  use  the  in¬ 
cident  as  a  warning  to  avoid  transac¬ 
tions  of  the  kind  in  the  future,  j,  j.  d. 


HOW  DO  LARGE  POULTRY  KEEPERS 
SELECT  LAYERS  ? 

This  is  our  standard.  In  the  Fall  wo 
select  the  most  forward  pullets  with 
good  yellow  legs,  not  too  beefy  combs, 
long  over  the  back,  tail  at  a  good  slant, 
and  the  plumage  good  and  white.  This 
gives  hens  that  get  the  habit  of  starting 
to  lay  early,  consequently  we  get  eggs 
when  they  are  high.  These  pullets  are 
kept  in  the  laying  pens  the  first  Winter, 
and  if  any  do  not  show  a  tendency  to 
go  right  on  and  lay,  which  is  told  by 
the  comb  not  developing  and  reddening 
up,  they  are  taken  out  and  the  band  re¬ 
moved  so  they  will  not  be  put  in  breed¬ 
ing  pens  when  the  remainder  are  sold 
the  following  Fall.  We  do  not  examine 
the  pelvis  bone  and  other  things  as  some 
writers  tell  you  to  do,  but  by  following 
these  rules  we  have  got  an  average  of 
136  eggs  per  hen  for  360  days  from 
1500  hens.  This  included  our  breeding 
stock  of  300  hens  which  were  held  in 
check  up  until  February  1,  and  conse¬ 
quently  this  pulled  our  average  down 
on  the  1200  pullets  in  our  laying  pens. 
If  a  man  (or  woman)  will  go  into  the 
flock  of  chickens  and  use  a  little  judg¬ 
ment  and  select  hens  to  their  own  idea 
they  will  come  nearer  getting  good  lay¬ 
ers  than  following  all  the  rules  ever  set 
for  selecting  layers,  as  chickens  are  just 
in  my  opinion  like  people;  no  two  will 
come  under  the  same  set  of  rules.  Of 
course  they  are  supposed  to  select  the 
hens  that  show  to  be  nearer  the  right 
proportion  and  the  trimmest.  In  fact  I 
always  look  for  a  hen  that  is  full  of  life 
and  pretty,  and  invariably  get  a  hen  that 
will  lay  eggs.  I  have  now  3200  chicks 
from  two  days  to  five  weeks  old,  all 
doing  nicely,  have  installed  a  brooder 
which  is  supposed  to  take  care  of  1500 
chicks,  but  for  a  trial  put  700  in  it,  and 
am  meeting  so  far  with  fair  success. 

West  Virginia.  d.  b.  m’neill. 


MARKETS  FOR  INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS. 

On  page  696  is  an  article,  “Truth  and 
Indian  Runner  Ducks,”  by  Geo.  E.  Howell, 
Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.,  which  interests  me  very 
much.  Mr.  Howell  says,  “As  a  market  fowl 
I  do  not  see  why  they  should  be  expected 
to  compete  with  the  hen  on  the  egg  ques¬ 
tion.”  May  I  ask  why  they  should  not? 
Breeders  who  are  booming  the  Indian  Run¬ 
ner  tell  us  they  lay  as  many  or  more  eggs 
than  hens,  that  the  eggs  are  larger  and  as 
delicate  in  flavor  as  hen’s  eggs ;  that  they 
bring  more  per  dozen  than  hen’s  eggs,  and 
where  permitted  to  range  pick  a  goodly  por¬ 
tion  of  their  living.  With  all  these  things 
to  their  credit,  it  seems  to  me  they  ought 
to  make  “Biddy”  hustle  to  win  the  laurel. 
If  Indian  Runner  duck  eggs  cost  no  more 
to  produce  than  hen’s  eggs  why  should  they 
be  expected  to  bring  a  higher  price  than 
hen’s  eggs  except  on  the  basis  of  size  and 
quality,  and  thus  place  them  out  of  reach 
of  the  masses? 

Mr.  Howell  says  further :  “They  do  ma¬ 
ture  early,  three  to  four  pounds  each,  not 
heavy  enough  for  a  market  duck  for  gen¬ 
eral  consumption.”  Here  again  may  I  ask, 
why  not?  Are  there  not  thousands  of  hens 
and  chickens  consumed  that  do  not  weigh 
more  than  three  to  four  pounds?  Would 
not  the  masses  be  glad  to  try  a  “delicious” 
duck  for  a  change  if  it  could  be  bought  at 
the  same  price  as  hens?  Is  the  trouble 
really  with  the  size  or  quality  of  the  Indian 
Runner  or  is  it  that  consumers  have  never 
had  an  opportunity  to  purchase  them  and 
test  their  merits  with  other  poultry.  It 
seems  to  me  that  on  the  solution  of  this 
question  rests  the  future  of  Indian  Runner 
duck  business ;  for  the  keeping  of  them 
just  to  sell  eggs  for  hatching  and  home 
consumption,  cannot  go  on  indefinitely,  nei¬ 
ther  can  each  producer  “create”  a  market 
for  his  individual  surplus ;  there  must  be 
a  general  market  demand,  as  for  other 
poultry  and  they  must  stand  as  a  class  by 
themselves  in  the  market. 

I  have  no  personal  knowledge  of  the 
quality  of  duck  of  any  kind  or  of  their  eggs, 
and  this  is  my  first  season  with  the  Indian 
Runner,  but  so  well  am  I  pleased  with 
them,  that  could  I  be  assured  of  a  market 
for  all  I  could  produce  at  the  same  price 
as  chickens  bring,  I  would  quickly  substi¬ 
tute  them  for  hens  altogether.  I  have 
three  lots  of  ducklings  from  different  breed¬ 
ers.  The  first  lot  of  10  are  now  10  weeks 
old,  large,  fine  looking  birds,  and  it  has 
cost  only  22  cents  each  to  bring  ‘them  to 
market  size.  At  20  cents  per  pound,  the 
price  we  receive  for  chickens,  you  see  there 
would  be  a  neat  profit,  and  the  cost  of  pro¬ 
duction  could  be  very  materially  reduced, 
for  we  bought  all  feed  anti  paid  high  prices  ; 
bran,  $1.70  per  100;  eornmeal,  $1.65  per 
96  pounds  ;  beef  scrap,  $3  per  100  ;  Alfalfa, 
$2.  Now,  if  the  old  breeders  of  the  Indian 
Runner  will  combine  efforts  and  find  or 
create  a  market  for  the  meat  and  eggs  there 
will  be  a  firm  foundation  for  a  truly  pleas¬ 
ant  and  profitable  and  healthful  business 
that  will  distance  the  hen,  ultimately,  as 
a  food  supply,  in  my  estimation,  if  breeders 
are  telling  us  the  truth.  I  have  been  in¬ 
vestigating  the  market  in  New  York  and 
Boston  and  find  that  it  is  the  white  duck 
egg  that  commands  a  premium ;  therefore 
beginners  should  be  sure  to  ascertain  the 
color  of  a  breeder’s  eggs  and  also  the  aver¬ 
age  egg  production  of  the  flock.  Whether 
they  are  prize  winners  or  not  is  of  less 
importance.  I  bought  eggs  from  a  prize¬ 
winning  strain,  and  I  doubt  if  there  is  a 
bird  among  the  lot  that  is  marked  evenly 
enough  to  take  a  prize,  and  yet  they  are 
fine  looking  to  an  unobservant  eye.  I  real¬ 
ize  now  that  one  might  hatch  a  hundred 
ducks  from  a  prize-winning  flock  and  not 
get  a  prize  winner.  Therefore  it  seems  to 
me  that  the  sooner  the  Indian  Runner 
breeders  secure  recognition  in  the  market 
of  the  merit  of  the  Indian  Runner  products 
the  better.  jennie  p.  wells. 

North  Carolina. 


July  8, 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

Make  All  Kinds  of 
Cheese  At  Kerne 

Newly  Invented  Complete 
Cheese  -  Making  Outfit  Puts 
Every  Farmer  in  the  Cheese 
Business — Big  Profits  Made 
Right  At  Home! 


It  is  no  longer  necessary  for  Farmers  to  buy 
Btore  cheese  at  a  high  price,  or  sell  their  milk  to 
the  Cheese  Trust  at  a  low  price.  A  clever  inven¬ 
tor  has  perfected  a  Complete  Cheese-Making 
Outfit  which  enables  every  Farmer  to  make  either 
a  soft,  rich,  granular,  or  American  Cheddar 
cheese  right  at  home  either  for  his  own  con¬ 
sumption  or  for  sale  to  Dealers. 

Outfit  consists  of  the  following:  One  Cheese 
Press,  One  Horizontal  Curd  Knife,  One  Perpen¬ 
dicular  Curd  Knife,  One  Dairy  Thermometer, 
One  Bottle  Rennett  Extract,  One  Bottle  Col¬ 
oring  Matter  and  One  Mold.  This  Complete 
Cheese-Making  Outfit  is  sold  direct  from  factory 
to  farm  at  one  small  profit  over  actual  cost  to 
manufacture.  It  is  Bimple,  inexpensive,  easily 
operated  and  pays  for  itself  in  a  very  short  time. 

Capacity  of  this  Outfit  is  from  25  to  40  quarts, 
making  a  cheese  weighing  from  eight  to  ten 
pounds.  With  milk  selling  around  80  and  90  cents 
per  hundred,  any  Farmer  can  save  about  one- 
third  of  the  price  he  pays  for  store  cheese,  and 
at  the  same  time  have  an  outlet  for  either  his 
whole  or  skimmed  milk.  Thi3  excellent  home¬ 
made  cheese  sells  readily  to  the  Dealer  at  a  big 
profit,  either  for  cash  or  in  exchange  for  goods. 

This  wonderful  Complete  Cheese-Making  Outfit 
is  manufactured  by  the  Holland  Sporting  Goods 
Mfg.  Co.,  Dept.  E  Holland,  Mich.  Every  Farmer 
should  write  them  for  full  description  of  the  Out¬ 
fit,  prices,  etc.,  and  exact  directions  telling  how 
to  make  cheese  at  a  profit  right  on  the  farm. 


RIFE 

RAM 

/'RtFrlM  RAM  i 

A  Water  Supply 

solves  many  farm  troubles. 
Have  plenty  of  water  with- 
out  pumping  expense  or 
bother— just  install  an  auto¬ 
matic  Rife  Ram .  Raises  water 

30  ft.  for  each  foot  of  fall— no 
trouble  or  pumping  expense. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Booklet,  plans,  estimate.  Free. 

Rife  Engine  Co,  2429  rinity  Bdg„  H.Y, 

Farmers  and  Poultrymen. 

You  must  not  blamo  us  if  occasionally  our  en¬ 
thusiasm  bubbles  over  when  speaking  of  our  cus¬ 
tom  hatching  department  as  carried  on  by  our 
experts  in  our  mammoth  hot  water  incubator. 
Results  are  showing  people  all  over  the  country 
that  we  know  our  business  by  saving  them  time, 
worry  and  money,  and  giving  them  stronger  chicks 
than  the  old  hen  or  kerosene  oil  fume  incubators 
ever  did.  You  send  us  the  eggs— we’ll  do  the  rest — 
do  it  right  and  send  you  the  chicks.  Write  for  in¬ 
formation  and  prices,  anyway. 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM,  Millerton,  N.  Y. 


ennn  Single-Combed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 
Oil  II II  Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 
right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  best  selections.  Largest  success¬ 
ful  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 


SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  and  Cock¬ 
erels;  any  quantity  at  attractive  prices;  bred-to-lay 
kind.  SUNKY  HILL  FARM.  Fleminoton.  N.  J 


RABY  CHICKS— Single  Comb  White  Leghorns. 

Rose  Comb  Rhode  Island  Reds,  9c  and  12c  each. 
Strong  and  livable.  From  vigorous  free  range  stock, 
bred  for  utility  and  standard  qualities.  Safe  delivery 
guaranteed.  WESLEY  GR1XNELL,  Sodus.  N.  Y. 


Buff,  Wh.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  8.  C.  K.I  Red. 
Eggs,  90c.  per  15,  $1.50  per  30.  $2.75  per  00,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  Pa. 


RARY  0  U  I  PKC  SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS; 

DHD  I  UniUlxO  Young’s  Strain  direct;  best 
in  the  world;  2,000  Breeders;  Chicks.  $9.00  per  100 
during  July:  from  free  range  stock;  chicks  that  do 
nothing  hut  live  and  grow.  Safe  arrival  guaranteed 
My  book,  "Profits  in  Poultry  Keeping  Solved,”  free 
with  every  100  chick  order.  Circular  free. 

BRIGGS’  BABY  CHICK  FARM.  Pleasant  Valley,  New  York 


BABY  CHICKS,  8k.  S£i  SSttt 

C.  White  Leghorns  in  any  quantity.  Safe  arrival 
guaranteed.  Circulars  free.  CHAS.  R.  STONE,  Baby 
Chicken  Farm,  Staatsburg-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 


DAVIS  S.  C.  REDS 

BABY  CHIX 

$12.50  PER  lOO  BALANCE  OF  SEASON 

Full  count  and  safe  delivery  guaranteed. 

DAVIS  POULTRY  FARM,  Berlin,  Mass. 


Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  May  return  at  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  Southold,  Suffolk  Co.,  N.  Y. 


THE  FARMER'S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 


Indian  Runner  Rucks,  $4  per  pair,  from  260-egg  strain. 
Eggs,  $1.00  and  §2.00  per  12.  C.  GORDON,  Sprakers,  N.  Y. 


PRIZE  WINNING  STRAINS  !  &Tftd0 

dottes,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  both  combs,  Single 
Comb  White  and  Brown  Leghorns,  eggs  $1.60,  15; 
$7.00,  100.  Light  and  Dark  Brahmas,  $2.00,  15.  Cat¬ 
alog  gratis.  F.  M.  PRESCOTT,  Riverdale,  N.  J. 


We  Will  Sell- for$2  00forheiisanii  $2  00to^5-00 

»»e  tini  veil  for  one-year-old  cockerels — our 
surplus  breeding  stock  of  Partridge  Cochins.  Barred 
Rocks,  White  Rocks,  Partridge  Wvandottes. 

MINCH  BROS.  .  R-3  .  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 


Pfllll  TRYMFN-Dont  fail  t0  secure  Stock  and 
lUULI  n  I  IT  I  L  ll  Kggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Marietta,  Pa. 


q  n  EGGS  $1 .00— Leading  varieties,  62  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
L  U  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  1-arge  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 


Hunn  Lake  Poultry  Farm  ,£• 

White W y andotte  Chicks,  $12  per  100.  Eggs . * Dper  1 00 


1911. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


747 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  A'ew-Yokker,  July  8,  1911. 
FARM  TOPICS. 


Leeks,  100  bunches .  1.00  ®  2.00 

Egg  Plants,  Fla.,  box .  1.00  ©  1.50 

Tomatoes,  Fla.  crate .  1.00  ©  2.50 


LIVE  POULTRY 


Questions  About  Hairy  Vetch .  734 

An  Early  Start  for  Corn .  734 

Notes  and  Comments .  736 

Rye  as  a  Cover  Crop .  737 

Hope  Farm  Notes .  738 

Diary  of  Farm  V-rork .  741 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

The  Cause  of  White  Diarrhoea.  Part  I.  735 

Facts  About  Hen  Manure .  735 

Lime-Sulphur  as  a  Sheep  Dip .  738 

Red  Polls,  the  Dual  Breed .  744 

Milk  .  744 

Cooperation  in  Milk  Selling .  744 

Water  and  the  Babcock  Test . .  744 

Preventing  Milk  Fever .  744 

Feeding  Young  Calves .  745 

Raising  Early  Lambs .  745 

Whence  Came  the  Black  One? . 745 

Feeding  Meat  to  Poultry .  745 

A  Duck  Dialogue .  745 

A  Tax  on  Poultry .  745 

How  Do  Large  Poultry  Keepers  Select 

Layers?  .  746 

Markets  for  Indian  Runner  Ducks....  746 
HORTICULTURE. 

Cost  of  Growing  New  York  Apples,  733,  734 

Root  Gall  on  Nursery  Trees .  734 

A  Roller  Tank  Sprayer .  735 

A  Fruit  Growers’  Outing .  736 

Pigweed  Greens  .  737 

Another  Unfruitful  Plum  Tree .  737 

Trouble  with  Peach  Trees .  737 

Arching  Privet  Hedges .  739 

Rubber  from  Milkweed .  739 

Pseonies  Fail  to  Flower .  739 

Barren  Peach  Trees .  739 

Gravity  Spraying ;  Varieties  for  Vir¬ 
ginia  .  739 

Japan  Plums  in  California .  739 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day .  742 

The  “Fireless”  in  the  Farmhouse .  742 

Canned  Grapes  Without  Cooking .  742 

Peach  Honey  .  742 

The  Rural  Patterns .  743 

Some  Homemade  Buttons .  743 

The  Tea  Party .  743 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Carp  Culture  in  Maryland .  737 

Piping  from  Spring .  737 

Publisher’s  Desk  .  746 

Humorous  .  748 


MARKETS 


Chickens,  Broilers,  lb . 24  ©  .20 

Fowls . 14  ©  .15 

Roosters .  .08  @  .08Hs 

Ducks . II  @  .12 

Geese . 08  ©  .09 

Turkeys . 11  ©  .12 

DRESSED  poultry— Fresh  Killed 

Turkeys,  best . 14  ©  .15 

Common  to  Good . 13  @  .14 

Chickens,  fancy  broilers,  lb... .  85  ©  .40 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 26  ©  .30 

Fowls .  13  ®  .15J4 

Spring  Ducks,  lb . 13  @  .14 

Squabs,  do/. .  1.75  ®  3.50 

DRESSED  POULTRY-FHOZEN 

Turkeys,  best . 22  ®  .23 

Chickens,  milk-fed  broilers .  .22  ®  .25 

Corn-fed  broilers . 18  ©  .23 

Milk-fed  roasters . 17  @  .181$ 

Corn-fed  roasters . 15  ®  .16J-4 

Fowls . . .  12  @  .16 

Ducks,  best . 13  ®  .14 

Common  to  good . 08  @  .12 

Geese . . 07  @  .11 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Hay,  No.  1,  ton . 26.00  @  27.00 

No.  2 . 21.00  @  24.00 

No.  3 . 18.00  @  19.00 

Clover  Mixed . 18.00  ®  22  00 

Clover . 15.00  ®  18.00 

Straw,  Rye . 11.00  ®  12.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 8.00  ffi  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 5.C0  @  6.70 

Bulls . 3.00  @  5.00 

Cows .  1.60  @  4.50 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 6.60  @  9.00 

Culls  ....' . 5.00  ®  6.00 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 2.00  @3.50 

Lambs .  0.85  ©  8.50 

Hogs . 6.30  @  6.80 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring . 1.04  @  .. 

No.  2,  Red . 94  ®  ... 

No.  1  Macaroni . 95  @  .. 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 53  ®  .60 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 45  @  .50 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 95  ffl  .96 

MILL  FEED 

Spring  Bran,  ton .  23.50  @  24.00 

Standard  Middlings .  25.35  @  26.00 

Red  Dor .  27.50  @  28.60 

Hominy  Chop .  23.00  @  24.25 

Linseed  Meal. . .  33.00  @  34.00 

Com  Meal .  23.00  ®  24.00 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  14.80 

Middling  Gulf .  l’5.05 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  14.60 

Good  Middling . . .  15.50 

WOOL 


Wholesale  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  June  30,  1911. 


BUTTER 


Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 24  ©  .25 

Good  to  Choice . 20  ®  .23 

Lower  Grades  . 15  @  .19 

State  Dairy,  best . 22  ©  .23 

Common  to  Good . 14  ®  .19 

Factory . 14  @  .18 

Packing  Stock . 15  ®  .17 


Elgin  111.  butter  market  firm  at  23  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  2414  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  26  cents. 
CHEESE 


Full  Cream,  best,  new . 11  @  .12 

Common  to  Good . 09  @  .10 

Skims . (14  ®  .08 

Old ,  common  to  good . 11  <S)  .13 

EGGS 

White,  good  to  choice . 23  @  .26 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 20  @  .23 

Common  to  Good . . . 16  @  .18 

Western, best . .17  ®  .19 

Under  grades . 12  @  .16 

Checks  and  dirties . 08  ©  .12 

BEANS 

Marrow,  100  lbs .  3.28  ©  3.86 

Medium .  3.15  ©  3.75 

Pea .  3.18  ®  3.80 

Yellow  Eye .  3.50  ©  3.60 

Red  Kidney . 6.00  ©  6.50 

WhlteKidney . 6.00  ©  6.10 

Lima,  California....  . .  6.70  @  6.75 

UOP8 

Prime  to  Choice . 31  @  .32 

Common  to  Good . 29  @  .30 

Pacific  Coast . 26  @  .27 

German  Crop,  1910 . 50  @  .64 


CIDER  VINEGAR 

New  York  jobbing  prices  for  single  bar¬ 
rel  lots.  Very  little  vinegar  good  enough 
for  top  quotations  is  offered. 


Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 22  ©  .24 

Standard  Grade . 13  ®  .15 

DRIED  FRUITS 

Apples,  evap.  prime . .  .14  ©  16 

Evap.,  com.  to  good . . . 06  ®  .13 

Cores  and  Skins . 07  ©  .0714 

Raspberries . 29  @  .3214 

Cherries . 16  ®  .20 


FRESH  FRUITS 

Apples.  Russet,  bbl . 

Baldwin . 

Ben  Davis . 

New,  bu . 

Pears,  Southern,  Lo  Conte,  bbl.... 

Strawberries,  up-river,  qt . . 

Western,  N.  Y.,  qt . 

Jersey,  qt . 

Peaches,  Ga.,  carrier . 

Cherries,  lb . 

Muskmeions,  Fla,,  crate . 

California,  crate . 

Watermelons,  Fla.,  100 . 

Plums,  Ga.,  carrier . 

Huckleberries,  N.  C.,  qt . 

Jersey  and  Pa . 

Blackberries,  qt . 

Raspberries,  red,  pint . 

Gooseberries,  qt . 

Currants,  qt . 


.  3.00 
.  4.50 
.  3.50 
.  1.00 
.  4.00 
.  .07 
.  .08 
.05 
.  1.25 
.  .05 

.  .40 

.  1.00 
.15.00 
,  1.75 
.  .07 
.  .08 
.  .05 

,  .04 

,  .07 

.  .08 


@  4.00 
©  5.50 
©  5.00 
@  2.00 
@  7.00 
©  .14 
©  .14 

©  .10 
®  3.00 
©  .12 
®  .90 
©  1.70 
©30.00 
©  2.50 
@  .10 
©  .11 
©  .10 
@  .06 
©  .10 
fa)  .10 


VEGETA BLKS 

Potatoes,  old,  180  lbs .  3.00  ®  3.50 

Southern,  new,  No.  1,  bbl . 2.50  ©  3.50 

Southern,  new,  No.  2,  bbl . 2.00  @  2.25 

Long  Island,  new,  bbl . 3.00  @  4.00 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bkt .  1.00  ®  2.00 

Asparagus,,  green,  f ’ey.  do*,  bu .  1.00  ©  1.50 

White,  f ’ey . 75  @1.00 

Culls . 25  ®  .50 

Beets,  new,  100  bunches .  1.00  ©  3.00 

Carrots,  bbl .  2.00  ©  3.00 

Southern,  new.  100  bunches .  1.00  ©  2.00 

Cabbage— New,  Southern,  bbl .  1.00  ©  2.25 

Long  Island,  bbl .  1.50  @  2.00 

Sweet  Corn,  Southern,  100 .  1.00  @  2.00 

Cucumbers.  Southern,  bu . 50  @  1.50 

Lettuce,  J4-bbl.  bkt . 25  ®  .75 

Peppers,  Southern,  bu . 1.00  ©1.75 

Horseradish,  100  lbs .  3.00  @  6.00 

Okra.  Fla.  Carrier  .  1.00  @  2.00 

Onions,  Texas,  new,  crate . 1.00  ©  2.25 

Bermuda,  crate .  1.85  ©  2.00 

Egyptian,  bag . 2.00  @  2.75 

Jersey,  bu .  1.25  @  1.60 

Peas.  State,  bu .  1.25  ©  2.25 

Jersey,  bu . 75  ©  1.50 

Radishes, 100  bunches . 35  ©  .75 

Rhubarb,  100  bunches . 50  ®  1.00 

String  Beans,  bu . 15  @  .30 

Spinach,  bbl . 50  ©  1.00 

Squash,  bbl .  1.00  ®  2  00 

New,  bu . 75  ©  1.00 

Turnips,  Rutabaga,  bbl .  1.00  @  1.50 

White,  bbl .  1.25  ©  1.50 


NewYork Fleeces,  Fine, unwashed . 1714®  -18 

Ohio  half  blood  combing . 24  @  .25 

Kentucky,  three-fourths  blood . 22  ®  .23 

Michigan,  half  blood . 23  @  .24 

TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadleaf-flller . 08  @  .10 

Fine  wrappers . 60  @  76 

N.  Y.Sta'ie  Fillers . 06  @  .06 

Fine  and  Selections . 12  ©  .16 

Ohio  Zimmer's  Spanisb . 19  @  .20 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 07  @  .09^4 

Dark  Leaf . 10  @  .20 

Bright  Cutters . 12  ©  JO 

Penn,  broad  leaf  fillers .  JO  @  .12 

CHICAGO 

Butter,  creamery . 20  ®  .23 

Eggs,  good  to  prime  firsts . 13  ®  .16 

Live  Turkeys . 11  @  .12 

Fowls . 12  ®  .1214 

Chickens . 20  @  .22 

Potatoes,  new,  bbl . 4.65  @  4.75 

Old . 1.00  @  1.10 

Strawberries,  quart . 06  @  .10 

Sheep,  100  lbs  . 2.50  @  4.40 

Lambs,  100  lbs . . 4.00  @  7.30 

Hogs . 6.00  @  6  46 

BUFFALO 

Butter,  creamery . 22  @  .25 

Eggs,  State  . 18  @  .20 

Live  Chickens . 20  @  .26 

Fowls . 12  @  .14 

Potatoes,  new.  bbl . 4.60  @  5.60 

Calves,  live,  100  lbs . 5.60  @  8.75 

Sheep.  100  lbs . 1.50  @  3.75 

Lambs.  100  lbs . 6.00  @  8.00 

Hogs . 6.76  @  6.80 

Wheat,  No.  2,  Red .  @  .93 

Corn . 58  @  .61 

Oats . 46  @  .48 


DRAFT  HORSES  AT  STATE  FAIR. 

Last  year  a  special  department  was  or¬ 
ganized  by  the  New  York  State  Fair  authori¬ 
ties  for  the  exhibition  of  horses  in  greatest 
demand  for  farm  purposes.  The  1911  prize 
list  gives  liberal  prizes  under  separate  class¬ 
ification  for  the  following  breeds  :  Pereheron, 
Clydesdale,  Belgian,  Suffolk,  Shire,  French 
Coach,  German  Coach,  Standardbred,  Ameri¬ 
can  Trotter,  Morgan,  Arab  and  Jack.  At¬ 
tractive  inducements  are  offered  for  exhibits 
of  grade  draft  horses,  either  single  or  in 
teams,  and  for  driving  teams.  A  prize  of 
.$300  will  fall  to  the  best  six-in-hand  draft 
team,  and  $200  to  the  best  four-in-hand 
draft  team.  Special  prizes  are  offered  under 
each  breed  for  stallions  “bred,  owned  and 
in  service  in  New  York  State.”  Several 
horse  breeding  associations  have  also  con¬ 
tributed  valuable  prizes.  The  exhibits  will 
he  well" located.  Judging  will  be  conducted 
in  a  prominent  ring  in  front  of  the  grand¬ 
stand.  No  extra  admission  fee  will  be 
charged  for  seeing  the  horses  in  the  stable 
or  in  the  judging  ring. 


The  cherry  crop  in  this  county  is  good, 
the  Roach  Canning  Company  at  Kent  City 
paying  3%  cents  per  pound.  Fall  apples 
a  good  crop  and  the  quality  very  good.  Win¬ 
ter  apples  less  than  one-third  of  a  crop. 
Peaches  a  full  crop,  but  a  lot  of  yellows, 
little  peach  and  root  aphis,  which  is  de¬ 
stroying  many  of  the  largest  orchards.  This 
Spring  many  peach  trees  were  set,  many 
of  them  infested  with  the  crown  gall.  Ow¬ 
ing  to  the  wet  Spring  the  farmers  are  not 
realizing  very  much  from  the  pea  crop,  be¬ 
tween  $10  and  $15  clear  of  the  seed  will 
be  the  average.  Wheat,  oats  and  hay  a 
good  crop ;  corn  a  little  late,  but  coming  in 
good  shape.  e.  v.  a. 

Kent  Co.,  Mich. 

Reports  received  by  the  Kansas  State 
Horticultural  Society  indicate  the  prospects 
for  the  fruit  crop  to  be  as  follows  :  For  the 
State,  compared  with  the  prospects  of  June, 
1909  and  1910 : 


June, 

June, 

June, 

1911. 

1910. 

1909. 

Apples . 

57 

21 

Pears  . 

. . .  27 

31 

8 

Peaches  . 

50 

3 

Plums  . 

51 

16 

Cherries  . 

21 

26 

Grapes  . 

60 

58 

Strawberries  . 

....  37 

40 

45 

Raspberries  . . 

....  46 

39 

50 

Blackberries  .  . 

....  54 

51 

61 

Bales  314.  Tons 
Per  HOUR 


The  New  Sandwich  Motor  Press— a 
combination  All-Steel  Hay  Press  and 
Gasoline  Engine- 
makes  hay  baling  a  most 
profitable  business. 

Pays  510  a  day  profit  on 
a  few  hundred  dollars 
Invested.  Demands  no 
previous  experience;  does  not  take 
away  from  your  home  county;  leaves  you 
free  to  do  what  you  please  during  the  __ 
spring  and  early  summer  months!  It’s  worth  something,  too,  to  be  one’s  own  boss. 

Sandwich  All-Steel  Motor 


Astounding  Profits  Made  by 
Owners  of  New  Hay  Press 


The  secret  of  big  profits  in  hay  baling  is 
big  tonnage.  In  the  Sandwich  Motor  Press 
you  get  a  high-class,  big-capacity  outfit,  yet  it 
IS  low-priced. 

It  Is  complete  and  compact.  Easy  to  move, 
always  ready  for  work— no  setting  up  engine. 
Chain  drive.  No  belts  to  adjust,  or  lose 
power.  Easy  to  start  or  stop  press  instantly. 
Substantial  construction.  Steel  press— axles, 
wheels  and  platforms  reinforced  throughout. 
1  H.  P.  hopper-cooled  engine.  Tank  under¬ 
neath.  Equipped  with  batteries  and  mag¬ 
neto,  combination  seat,  battery  and  cool  box. 
and  standard  gasoline  pump.  If  you  have 
an  engine,  buy  press  alone.  Any  stand¬ 


ard  hopper-cooled  engine  can  be  used. 

The  Sandwich  All-Steel  Motor  Press  bales 
214  to  354  tons  per  hour.  Has  self-feeder 
equipment.  Takes  double  charge  of  hay. 
Has  no  condenser  box— needs  no  foot  tamp¬ 
ing— feeds  direct  from  fork.  No  balance 
wheels,  no  high-speed  machinery.  Fast, 
simple,  strong,  light  of  c  aft. 

We  make  presses  with  or  without  engine* 
—wood  frame  and  steel  frame— horse  power 
and  engine  power— in  all  sizes  up  to  live-ton 
per  hour  capacity.  Prices  reasonable. 

Drop  ua  a  line  today  for  new  book  about 
the  Astounding  Profits  iu  Hay  Baling.  Let 
us  tell  you  more  about  the  wonderful  Sand¬ 
wich  Motor  Press.  [451 


SANDWICH  MFG.  CO.,  463  Spruce  St.,  Sandwich,  III. 


MODERNIZE  YOUR  BARN  WITH  A 

PORTER 


CARRIER 


No  barn  is  considered 
complete  unless  equipped 
with  litter  carriers.  Dirty 
and  unsanitary  stables 
aro  no  longer  tolerated. 
The  saving  of  labor,  the  lessening  of 
danger  from  lire,  immunity  of  live 
stock  from  disease,  and  the  saving 
of  manure,  are  only  a  few  reasons 
why  litter  carriers  are  growing 
moro  popular  every  day. 

The  Porter  Litter  Carrier 

is  tho  -system  for  the  farmer  who 
wants  permanency.  The  quality  of 
material  and  workmanship  enter¬ 
ing  into  their  make-up  have  no 
equal.  As  time  and  labor  savers 
they  excel  all  other  makes.  Get  our 
catalog,  which  tells  and  illustrates 
by  pictures  the  many  ways  our  teed 
and  litter  carriers  can  be  used. 

J.E.  PORTER  CO. 

OTTAWA,  ILLINOIS 


THE  BETTER  WAY'DISTRIBUTER 


Our  Improved  patented  Open  Throat  Elbow  with  sliding  door 
regulates  the  blast  of  your  blower  through  our  Flexible  Distribu¬ 
ter.  It  increases  the  capacity  of  your  silo,  mixes,  distributes  and 
firmly  packs  the  feed  almost  automatically.  "It  prevent*  the 
spoiling  of  the  Ensilage."  Saves  Its  cost  in  labor  over  and  over 
again.  Fits  any  blower.  Sold  on  trial.  Thousands  In  use.  "Nothing 
like  it.”  We  Pay  the  Freight.  Now  is  the  time  to  order  one. 

If  you  own  a  Silo,  write  now  for  our  Special  Offer!  “©a 

W.  W.  BATEMAN  GO.s  145  3rd  St.,  ISoonville,  Ind. 


YOUR  COWS 


Need  Protection  A gainst 

Flies 


Cows  driven  from  pillar  to  post  by 
those  itching  demons— (ties— can't 
produce  their  maximum  quantity 
or  quality  of  milk.  Spraying  barns 
with  Orel  Oil  will  drive  out  every  tty.  Spray  cows 
slightly  with  Crel  Oil  and  they  will  pasture  peacefully. 
Harmless,  but  very  effective.  Crel  Oil  gives  off  powerful 
deodorizing  fumes  that  kill  all  parasite  life.  Splendid 
for  disinfecting  sinks,  troughs, drains,  etc.  Only  $1.00 
a  Quart — lasts  long  time*  If  your  local  dealer  cuu’t 
supply, order  direct.  Sprayer  free  with  trial  order. 
CALEDONIA  CHEMICAL  CO.,  Caledonia,  N.  Y. 

CREL  OLL 

PMfAM  A  SPECIALLY  PREPARED  SCRATCH  FOOD 

rUlIHUU  which  will  positively  prevent  diar- 
rhoea  among  chicks.  $1.00  per  bu. 
Circular jtnd  sample  free.  Agents  wanted.  P0KAC0 


CHICK  FOOD 


id  sample 

COMPANY, 


20  Gansevoort  St.,  New  York,  N  Y. 


Milk  Prodllflftrs  for  New  York  City  market 
millY  riUUULCla  desiring  information  how  to 

form  branches  of  tho  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
tho  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 

pi.IOASE  send  a  trial  shipment  to  theOldest  Com- 
1  mission  House  in  New  York.  Kst.  1838.  Butter 
Eggs,  Foul  try.  Fork.  Calves.  Hay,  Grain.  Beans, 
Appies.  etc.  K.  It.  IVOOIIWAItb,  SOg  (b-eeimieli  St.,  N.Y, 

JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  COMPANY, 

Commission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York. 
Poultry.  Hggs,  Meats,  Produce.  Shipments  Solicited, 

SHIP  YOUR  CALVES  AND  POULTRY 

- TO - 

GEO.  OLIVER  &  COMPANY 

Established  1850 

COMMISSION  MERCHANT8 
WEST  WASHINGTON  MARKET.  -:-  NEW  YORK.  N.  Y. 
_ PROMPT  RETURNS 

STRAWBERRIES. 

Huckleborries,  Fancy  Eggs,  Hothouse  Products, 
Fruits,  Vegetables.  Top  prices  secured  for  choice 
goods.  Correspondence  solicited. 

Archdeacon&Co.,  100  Murray  St.,  N.Y. 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND.  EST.  1875.  FRANK  W.  GODWIN 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  CO., 

Commission  Merchants  and  Dealers  in  all  kinds  of 
COUNTRY  PRODUCE,  Apples,  Peaches,  Ber 
nes  Butter,  Eggs,  Cheese,  Poultry.  Mushrooms 
and  Hot  house  Products  a  Specialty.  Consignments 
solicited.  34  &  36  Little  12th  St..  New  York- 

JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

POULTRY  FaRM  EGGSoUR  SPECI/ILTY. 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 


Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 


93-95  South  Market  St., 


Boston. 


BALFOUR  BROS . 

COMMI  SSIO  N  MERCHANTS 

FANCY  LEGHORN  EGGS  A  SPECIALTY 

Butter,  Eggs,  Cheese,  Lard ,  &c. 

Telephone:  850-852  WASHINGTON  ST. 


Chelsea  5156 


NEW  YORK 


Two  Taggenburg  Buck  Kills 

from  importod  stock.  T.  T0NNESEN,  Cresskill,  N.  J.  ’ 

married;  no 

- ...  „ —  —  — ,  andcanrun 

improved  farm  machinery  and  gasolene  engine. 
One  who  does  not  think  it  too  much  trouble  to  do 
sma.ll  things.  Good  treatment  on  both  sides  assured 
and  required.  Give  reference.  Position  open  early 
Fall.  Re-1- m  n  ^  . 


YXf ANTED  —  A  Working  Farmer;  marrie. 
.  small  children;  who  uuders lands  and  ca 


ieply  T.  F.  C.,  care  Rural  New-Yorlcer. 


150  Farms 


OH  SALK  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
Delaware  Valley.  Now  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horace  G  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa. 

FOR  *\A|  F~Ie  you  wanfc  the  best  farms  for  tho 

! ,  .  T  ™on°y'  sen<1  f°r  our  large  free  catalog. 

HALL  S  FARM  AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.,  N.Y. 

New  York  State  FarmS-“  rf“;,  ;» 

FOR  SALE  SMALL  FAM-SS^S 

yoik  and  Boston.  Ideal  summer  home  for  city 
party  or  for  Vegetable,  Poultry  or  fruit  farm;  7 
acres;  10  minutes  walk  to  trolley;  faro  to  New 

London,  Ct.,  5  cents.  N.  S.  Fish,  Poguonock  Bridge,  Ct. 

UNEXCELLED  FRUIT  LAND 

SHENANDOAH  VALLEY 

Apple  Ridge  limestone;  80  acres— 50  in  orchard,  30 
in  white  oak  timber.  Address 

"PRIVATE  BOX,”  N,  Kent  8t.,  Winchester,  Vu. 

HANDY  BINDER 

lUST  the  thing  for  preserving  files  of 
J  The  Rural  New-Yorker.  Durable 
and  cheap.  Sent  postpaid  for  25  cents. 

‘Ibe  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 

409  Pear!  Street.  New  York  City 


T-48 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


July  8,  1911. 


HUMOROUS 

“What  are  you  going  to  raise  in  your 
flower  garden?”  “The  neighbor’s  chick¬ 
ens,  I  suppose,”  replied  Mr.  Growcher. — 
Washington  Star. 

“Here,  what  did  you  hit  that  man 
for?”  “He  called  me  a  hypochondriac, 
and  I  don’t  want  no  one  to  call  me  ani¬ 
mal  names.” — Judge. 

The  Caller:— “I  hear  that  you’ve 
been  to  a  party,  Mabel.  Did  you  dance 
much?”  Mabel  (aged  eight)  : — “I 
should  say  I  did.  I  danced  two  quad¬ 
rillions.” — Cleveland  Plain  Dealer. 

Customer  (after  a  morning’s  shop¬ 
ping)  : — “Have  you  any  eels?”  Fish¬ 
monger: — “Yes,  madam.  What  quantity 
would  you  require?”  Customer: — “Well 
there’ll  be  six  of  us.  .  .  .  D’you  think 
a  yard  and  a  half  would  be  sufficient?” 
— Punch. 

“What's  the  hardest  thing  you  en¬ 
counter  in  flying?”  queries  she.  “At  the 
present  stage  of  the  game,”  returned 
the  aviator,  tenderly  rubbing  a  bump, 
“the  hardest  thing  we  encounter  is  the 
earth.” — Puck. 

Aunt  Sophie:  “And  is  Tommy  a 
good  little  boy  at  school?”  Tommy: — 
“Yes,  auntie.”  Aunt  Sophie:  “And  why 
is  Tommy  a  good  little  boy?”  Tommy: 
— “  ’Cause  it’s  better  fun  to  see  the  other 
boys  get  a  tannin’  than  to  get  one  your¬ 
self.” — Tit-Bits. 

“What  is  naturalization?”  asked  the 
high  school  teacher.  “Naturalization,” 
said  the  captain  of  the  baseball  team, 
slowly,  “why,  naturalization  is  making  a 
person  who  was  born  somewhere  else  a 
native  of  the  country  he’s  living  in.” — 
Youth’s  Companion. 

Little  Willie:  “Say,  pa,  according  to 
this  table  of  English  weight  and  measure 
fourteen  pounds  make  one  stone.”  Pa : — 
“Yes,  that’s  right,  my  son.”  Little  Wil¬ 
lie  : — “But,  pa,  what  I  want  to  know  is 
how  many  pebbles  it  takes  to  make  a 
pound?” — Chicago  News. 

Tompkins  : — “Ventley  has  received  a 
million  dollars  for  his  patent  egg  dating 
machine.  You  know  it  is  absolutely  in¬ 
terference  proof,  and  dates  correctly  and 
indelibly  as  the  egg  is  being  laid.’”  Dew- 
ley  : — “It  the  machine  on  the  market 
yet?”  Tompkins: — “Oh,  my,  no!  and  it 
won’t  be  on  the  market.  The  patent  was 
bought  up  by  the  Cold  Storage  Trust.” — 
Life. 


SAVE  HALF  Your 
Paint  Bills 

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0.  W.  Ingersoll,  24b  Plymouth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 


Philadelphia  SILOS 

have  a  10  year  reputation  for  strength  and  efficiency. 
Posiitively  the  only  Silos  made  that  have  an  Opening 
Roof — Only  Continuous  Open  Front.  Our  SO  ft.  Silo 
equals  other  30  ft.  Silos  capacity.  Over  5,000  in  use. 
Opening  roof  works  automatically — permits  Silos  be¬ 
ing  fully  packed.  Also  splendid  line  in  Water  Tanks, 
Gasoline  Engines,  Pumps,  etc.  Get  free  catalogue. 

E.  F.  SCHLICHTER  CO.,  129  Fuller  Bldg.,  Pliila.,  Pa. 


JACOBSON 

SELF-CONTAINED  ENGINE  WITH  AUTOMATIC  DRAINING 
WATER  TANK. 

No  Freezing  No  Overheating 

No  I.urge  Water  Tauk 

The  Agency  is  available  in  some  sections  and 
valuable  in  all. 

JACOBSON  MACHINE  MFG.  CO. 


Ill  Irvine  Street 


Warren, Pa. 


■ 


PATENT 


SECURED  OR  FEE  RETURNED. 

Free  Patent  llook,  Selling  Guide  and 
List  of  Buyers  and  Manufacturers  of 
Inventions.  ADVICE  FREE.  Send  sketch. 

FARNH  AM  &  SUES,  Attys.,  648  F.  St.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


GREEN  MOUNTAIN  SILOS 

Write  TODAY  for  Booklet  to 
CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MANUFACTURING  CO 
338  West  St.,  Rutland,  Vt. 


insures  rapid,  clean  milking  and  leaves 
the  teats  and  udder  in  a  soft,  pliable, 
natural  and  healthy  condition. 

Write  for  Catalogue  “ E”  to  Sales  Dept. 

DAIRY  SPECIALTY  CO.,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


I  H  C  Manure  Spreaders 


in  this 
ment. 


Everyone  knows  that  if  soil 

is  not  fertilized  it  will  soon 
wear  out.  The  barren  con¬ 
dition  of  thousands  of  farms 
country  proves  this  state- 
A  large  percentage  of  this 
number  could  be  improved  if  ma¬ 
nure  were  spread  judiciously. 

Field  experiments  prove  that 
eight  tons  of  manure  evenly  spread 
are  as  good  as  twice  that  number 
spread  in  a  haphazard  way.  Hand  spreading  requires  at  least  twenty  loads 
to  cover  an  acre.  With  a  manure  spreader,  eight  loads  will  cover  the  same 
amount  of  ground  more  evenly,  but — 

Your  problem  of  soil  fertility  is  only  half  solved  when  you  decide  to  get  a 
manure  spreader.  The  other  half — of  equal  importance— is  in  deciding  just 
which  spreader  is  best  for  you  to  buy. 

If  you  investigate  thoroughly  and  decide  carefully,  you  will  select  a 
spreader  that  thousands  of  other  progressive  farmers  are  having  great 
success  with — one  of  the 


The  simple  design  and  unusual  strength  of  all  working  parts  of  I  H  C 
Spreaders  account  for  their  long  life  and  light  draft. 

The  method  of  transmitting  power  from  the  wheels  to  the  beater  is 
simple  and  direct.  There  are  no  unnecessary  parts  to  wear.  The  beater  is 
large  in  diameter  and  the  teeth  are  long,  square,  and  chisel  pointed.  By 
using  this  style  of  tooth,  the  manure  is  thoroughly  pulverized  and  is 

thrown  out  before  it  wedges  against  the  bars.  By  using 
a  square  tooth,  rimming  of  the  bars  is  overcome. 

The  apron  is  supported  by  steel  rollers  and  the  slats 
are  placed  close  together,  so  that  manure  does  not  sift 
down  and  interfere  with  the  movement  of  the  rollers. 
The  steel  wheels  have  ample  strength  to  carry  many 
times  the  weight  they  will  ever  be  called  upon  to  bear. 
The  rims  are  flanged  inwardly  to  prevent  cutting  and 
rutting  of  meadows  and  accumulation  of  trash. 
Z-shaped  lugs  give  the  wheel  a  practically  continuous 
ground-bearing  surface  and  do  not  jar  the  machine  to 
pieces.  There  is  no  reach  to  prevent 
short  turning. 

In  the  I  H  C  line,  you  have  choice  of 
these  three  famous  styles — • 

Cloverleaf  Corn  King 
Kemp  20th  Century 

All  are  simple,  strong,  and  durable— all  are  easily  and  in¬ 
stantly  adjustable  to  spread  light  or  heavy,  as  the  soil  re¬ 
quires,  and  all  three  are  made  in  sizes  suitable  to  any  size 
farm.  See  the  IHC  local  dealer— and  get  catalogues  from 
him,  or,  write  direct.  ,  ;  - 

INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER  COMPANY  OF  AMERICA 

Chicago  (Incorporated)  USA 


I  H  C 

Service  Bureau 

The  Bureau  is  a 
clearing  house  of 
agricultural  data. 
It  aims  to  learn 
the  best  ways  of 
doing  things  on 
the  farm,  and  then 
distribute  the  in¬ 
formation.  Your 
individual  experi¬ 
ence  may  help 
others.  Send  your 
problem  to  the 
IHC  Service  Bu¬ 
reau. 


PROFIT 

One  of  the  many  reasons  for  using  a 

les  Mechanical  Milker 


To  milk  a  herd  of  fifty  cows  requires 
yourself  and  four  hand  milkers  at  a  cost 
of  not  less  than  $4.00  per  day  for  30  days=  $120.00 

Yourself  and  one  man  with  a  Sharpies 
Milker  at  a  cost  of  $1  per  day  for  30  days=  $  30.00 

A  saving  every  month  of  $  90.00 
And  this  is  pure  “Velvet.” 

Add  to  this  the  value  of  being  independent 
and  of  a  much  cleaner  product 


The  Teat  Cup  With  The  Upward  Squeeze 


FillYourSiloFirst 

Pay  Afterwards 

I  We  want  to  prove  to  you  that  our  machine* 
are  a  good  investment  before  you  give  up 
your  money.  W e  know  they  are  so  good  that 
[we  do  not  feel  It  a  risk  to  H 

make' this  offer.  Just  tell  In  In  our 
us  your  needs.  II  61st 

Year 


"SILOFILLING  1 
'MACHINERY  | 

h»i61  ye&rs’experience  behind  it — moro experience 
then  any  other  machinery  of  ite  kind  made.  It  has 
thousands  of  enthusiastic  owners  in  every  dairy  and 
intensive  farming  district  in  the  U.  S.  It  is  not  only 

FULLY  GUARANTEED 

to  bt  frtt  from  defects  at  all  times  but  also  to  be 
the  strongest,  most  durable  and  modern  of  any- 
manufactured.  Our  offer  will  help  you  to  deter- 
|  mine  this  before  you  buy.  Ask  an  expert's  advice  if 
|  you  care  to. 

Our  large  free  eat&log  shows  our  complete  line. 
Write  for  it. 

E.  W.  ROSS  CO. Box  IS  Springfield,  Ohio 

We  also  manufacture  the  Ross  Silo 

A  complete  stock  of  machines  and  repairs  carried 
with  The  Fairbanks  Co.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  Mallalieu 
&  Comey,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Brin  ton  &  Worth, 
Westchester  Pa.. Fred  B. Fuller, Gouverneur,N.Y. 


SILOS 

The  inventors  of  the  Modern 
Continuous-Opening  Silo  offer 
to  the  public  the  largest  and 
most  complete  line  of  Silos  on 
the  market.  Our  experience, 
which  antedates  that  of  any 
other  firm  mauufacturingthese 
goods,  has  enabled  us  to  produce 
the  highest  quality  at 
the  most  reasonable 
prices.  Send  for  our 


catalog  on  Silos  and  Silo  Fillers, 
“the  kind  Uncle  Sam  uses,”  and 
tell  us  the  size  of  Silo  wanted. 

HARDER  MFG.  COMPANY 
BOX  ||  COBLESKILL,  N.Y.  ' 


You  can  shove  ensilage  out  ofthe  unobstructed,  I 
continuous  door  front  of  a  Unadflla  Silol6  cents  I 
a  ton  cheaper  tnan  yon  can  pitch  it  up  3  to  6  f».  | 
over  cross-bars  on  an  ordinary  silo. 

TTnadllla  Silo  doors  above  up — most  others  I 
push  in,  making  it  necessary  to  feed  to  the  | 
bottom  of  these  doors  before  they  can  t>e  opened. 
Nou-breakable  lugs,  cold  rolled  over  threads  on  I 
end  of  steel  hoops — 3^  stronger  than  ordinary  I 
cut  thread  hoops.  Write  for  25  Reasons  Why.  [ 
Extra  discount  for  early  orders  Agents  wanted. 
IJNADILLA  SILO  CO.,  Box  B,  Unodllln,  N.  Y. 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOR 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 
GUARANTEED  MONEY-SAVING 


INTERNATIONAL 


SI  LOS 


strongest  built,  simplest  to  put  up  and  easiest  operatea 
on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take-up  hoop— 
continuous  open-door  front — air-tight  door  an  >**<*. 
manent  ladder  are  some  ofthe  unusual  features  la. 

International  Hilo  n».  II  3  Slain  Bt..  Lineivllla.  B*» 


Guaranteed 
Ensilage  Cutter 


BLIZZARD 


Write! 
for 
New 
Cat*, 
logue  I 


|  Sold  on  merit  backed  by  38  years'  success. 
Proved  strongest,  most  durable,  smoothest 
running.  Cuts  green  or  dry  feed  and  ele¬ 
vates  any  height.  Knives  adjustable  at 
anytime.  Perfected  construction  through¬ 
out.  Mounted  or  unmounted.  Ask 
for  free  book,  "Why  Silage  Pays  ” 


Jo*.  Dick  Mfg.  Co. 

1426W.Tnscarawas  St. 
Canton,  Ohio 


S™a,!H  Fillers 


The  only  machine  with  force  feed  table, 
automatic  feed  rolls,  and  safety  fly 
wheel  and  belt  pulley  which  loose  n 
automatically  from  the  sha't 
and  thus  keep  foreign  substances 
*  outof  the  knives  and  blower.  Greater 
^capacity,  greater  safety,  greater 
^  convenience,  less  power,  less 
repairs.  Send  for  catalogue. 

HARDER  MFG.  CO. 
Box  ll,Coblesklll,N.Y. 


CLIMAX 


ENSILAGE 

CUTTERS 


"The  Complete  Machine.”  Don’t  buy  an 
ensilage  cutter  until  you  have  read  our  catalog. 

WARSAYY-WILKINSON  CO.,  BOHIghland  A*e.,  Warsaw,  N.T. 


THE  BOSTON  MARKET. 
Opportunities  for  Direct  Sales  by  Farmers. 

The  farmers’  produce  market  at  Boston  is  probably 
the  place  of  largest  direct  sales  by  producers  to  con¬ 
sumers  and  retailers  in  the  country.  So  far  as  con¬ 
sumers  take  advantage  of  their  opportunity  to  meet 
here  the  growers  of  all  kinds  of  country  produce,  for 
direct  dealing,  with  the 
dealer  as  a  middleman 
entirely  eliminated,  the 
producer  receives  100 
per  cent  of  jthe  user’s 
dollar,  and  both  are 
benefited  by  the  facili¬ 
ties  here  given  for  get¬ 
ting  together.  Most  of 
the  produce  from  the 
farms,  gardens  and  or¬ 
chards  about  this  city  is 
sent  in  on  the  farm 
team,  and  is  sold  from 
the  wagon  here ;  retail 
dealers  and  consumers 
competing  for  it,  and 
the  larger  jobbers  al¬ 
ways  ready  to  buy  loads 
at  a  bargain,  or  to  pick 
up  goods  of  a  better 
grade  than  common,  and 
pay  good  prices  for  them. 

About  Quincy  Mar¬ 
ket  (Fig.  275)  is  the 
center  of  this  traffic,, 
the  wagons  being  packed 
closely  together  in  South 
Market  street,  on  a  plan 
approved  by  the  market 
superintendent,  till  all 
space  next  the  market  in 
this  very  wide  street  is 
filled  except  what  is 
needed  for  teams  to  pass 
on  the  farther  side ;  and 
in  late  Summer  or  early 
Fall  there  is  an  overflow 
into  State  street  of  the 
wagons  (sometimes  num¬ 
bering  four  or  fi  v  e 
hundred)  that  come  here 
in  the  flush  time  of  gar¬ 
den  produce.  These 
come  from  a  radius  of 
35  miles  from  the  city; 
the  suburbs  to  the  north 
and  west  contributing 
most  in  garden  and 
farm  products.  Arling¬ 
ton,  as  a  market  garden 
town,  is  famous  the 
country  over;  and  Bel¬ 
mont,  Watertown  and 
Winchester,  also  centers 
of  extensive  and  inten¬ 
sive  farming,  are  all  to  the  northwest  of  the  city.  The 
names  of  84  farmers  are  listed  at  the  superintendent’s 
office  as  coming  at  times  from  the  single  town  of 
Concord  to  sell  their  produce  here,  this  being  the 
banner  town  for  number  of  teams.  My  own  town  has 
44  credited  to  it,  and  by  registry  of  varying  numbers 
the  farmers  of  more  than  two  score  towns  are  rep¬ 
resented  here ;  1200  names  in  all.  A  few  of  the  large 
market  gardeners  near  the  city  have  stands  -in  the 


street  reserved  for  them,  and  others  plan  to  have  one  morning),  it  must  cease  at  5  p.  m„  and  none  can  be 
wagon  come  in  to  replace  another  as  a  load  is  sold;  done  upon  national  or  State  holidays.  At  Christmas 
but  the  general  rule  is  “first  come,  first  served”  with  time  much  of  the  street  is  reserved  for  wagons  with 
the  best  locations,  though  there  are  centers  for  trade  trees  and  greens  for  holiday  decorations.  The  picture, 
in  fruit  and  in  live  and  dressed  poultry  where  teams  Fig.  275  is  a  good  one  of  the  market  scene,  and  is 
with  these  to  offer  are  usually  grouped.  taken  looking  westward  up  South  Market  street,  with 

The  whole  traffic  of  the  market  is  under  direction  Quincy  Market  Building  occupying  the  northerly  side, 
of  the  superintendent,  and  disputes  of  all  kinds  be-  This  is  divided  into  stalls,  where,  as  in  other  markets, 

everything  in  the  line  of 
products,  ranging  from 
fish  to  flowers,  is  offered 
by  dealers  leasing  their 
stalls  from  the  city. 
Some  of  these  also  do  a 
wholesale  business,  and 
buy  of  the  farmers  out¬ 
side  to  sell  again  in 
quantities  and  often  to 
re-ship  to  other  markets, 
as  well  as  to  supply  the 
retail  trade  at  their 
stalls.  So  the  trade  of 
the  farmers  here  is  a 
complex  one.  Now  they 
sell  a  whole  load  to  a 
wholesale  dealer,  again 
a  quantity  of  produce  to 
a  retail  dealer,  and  again 
single  boxes  or  barrels 
to  individuals,  and  in 
stress  o  f  weather  o  r 
when  trade  is  slow,  may 
leave  their  produce  with 
these  same  dealers  to 
sell  upon  commission ; 
for  many  of  these  have 
this  plan  also  as  part  of 
their  business.  Many  of 
the  large  gardeners 
regularly  leave  their 
goods  with  a  certain 
house  to  sell,  while 
others  employ  a  sales¬ 
man  to  meet  their  teams 
and  dispose  of  their 
loads  on  the  street ;  but 
between  these  are  the 
great  body  of  farmers 
coming  here  who  prefer 
to  sell  their  own  goods, 
and  handle  their  own 
money  —  and  who  dis¬ 
trust  commission  men 
I  have  myself  had  ex- 
oerience  favoring  both 
ways  of  selling.  The 
dealers  have  customers 
who  want  the  best  pro¬ 
duce  and  will  pay  the 
best  prices  for  it,  and 
such  goods,  regularly 
supplied,  they  may 
handle  to  the  satisfac¬ 
tion  of  the  grower,  pro¬ 
tween  buyers  and  sellers,  if  not  settled  at  once  by  the  vided  he  keeps  a  careful  oversight.  This  method 

police  officers  acting  under  him,  are  brought  to  him  solves  the  difficulty  frequently  noted  of  the  farmer  or 

and  promptly  passed  upon.  Mr.  McKay  has  filled  this  his  driver  not  being  a  natural  salesman ;  allows  imme- 
office  for  many  years,  and  has  the  respect  and  con-  diate  return  of  the  team  after  unloading,  and  pro- 

fidence  of  all  doing  business  here.  Among  rules  of  vides  safe  storage  in  bad  weather;  but  for  occasional 

the  market  are  these:  Horses  coming  in  must  be  at  loads  and  produce  that  grades  below  No.  1  in  quality, 

once  unhitched  from  wagons  and  stabled,  and  while  direct  sales  on  the  street  are  more  satisfactory.  A  bit  of 

the  business  of  selling  may  begin  at  any  time  (I  have  my  own  experience  some  years  ago  may  illustrate  some 

known  whole  loads  to  be  sold  at  two  o’clock  in  the  drawbacks  to  the  practice  of  leaving  goods  to  the 


Faneuii  Hall,  BOSTON,  Mass. 


FANEUIL  FIALL,  THE  GREAT  BOSTON  MARKET.  Fig.  274. 


A  SUMMER  DAY  AT  QUINCY  MARKET.  Fig.  275. 


7SO 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


tender  mercies  of  the  commission  man.  Futting  on  my 
wagon  for  Boston  a  box  of  fancy  Wealthy  apples  I 
said  to  the  driver  (not  an  extra  good  salesman)  : 
“This  should  bring  a  dollar  or  near  it;  if  not  offered 
well  toward  it,  leave  with  the  commission  house  to 
sell.”  He  was  offered  but  65  cents,  and  so  left  it  with 
the  house,  who  returned  me  25  cents  less  commission. 
I  was  satisfied  that  this  box  of  apples  they  sold  for  me 
to  themselves  at  that  price,  and  for  themselves  at  quite 
another  at  retail,  losing  me  40  cents,  because  the  buyer 
and  seller  were  the  same  party,  and  taking  more  than 
150  per  cent  for  themselves  as  a  fair  profit  for  retail¬ 
ing.  Yet  these  same  people  in  another  department 
have  sold  for  me  thousands  of  dollars  worth  of  pro¬ 
duce  to  my  entire  satisfaction. 

Fig.  274  shows  Faneuil  Hall  building,  just  west  of 
the  Quincy  Market  and  South  Market  street,  the  old 
“Cradle  of  Liberty,”  which  has  also  retail  provision 
stalls  on  the  street  level.  Butchers'  wagons  formerly 
gathering  about  this  building  made  the  beginning  of 
the  great  farmers’  market  of  to-day,  which  for  quality 
of  produce  offered  and  amount  of  sales,  is  said  by 
good  authority  to  be  unequaled  in  the  United  States. 
Some  gardeners  market  here  produce  to  value  of  $50,- 
000  or  more  yearly,  and  these  larger  ones  have  their 
own  salesmen,  though  one  I  know  who  plants  50  or 
more  acres  intensively,  seven  miles  outside  the  city, 
gives  all  his  business  to  one  commission  house.  An¬ 
other  large  farmer  of  Concord  divides  his  produce  be¬ 
tween  two  firms  and  gets  the  advantage  of  competition 
between  them  for  making  the  best  returns. 

These  near-by  gardeners  have  heavy  teams  and 
carry  in  large  loads  over  the  level,  hard  roads  leading 
into  the  market  place.  Bushel  boxes  are  the  common 
package  (replacing  the  barrels  that  were  formerly 
used)  and  of  these  200,  with  the  lighter  produce,  are 
often  taken  at  a  load.  Last  Summer  a  neighbor  of 
mine  carried  with  his  two-horse  team  178  bushel  boxes 
of  sweet  corn  to  this  market ;  a  20-mile  trip  from  his 
home.  The  auto  has  not  yet  made  an  invasion  of  the 
market,  but  its  appearance  is  expected  soon. 

That  Boston  has  a  large  foreign  population  is  shown 
at  the  market  when  on  the  numerous  Jewish  holidays 
in  the  early  Fall  there  is  almost  no  business  doing  in 
the  cheaper  produce,  such  as  the  peddlers  buy;  and 
then  again,  11,000  bushels  of  green  peppers  could 
hardly  be  sold  by  one  grower  in  a  season  where  Yankees 
were  the  only  consumers.  Yet  these  are  still  numerous 
in  Boston,  as  you  would  believe  when  noting  the  quan¬ 
tities  of  beans,  snap  and  shell,  offered  in  market  (also 
of  sweet  corn)  in  their  season.  I  have  myself  shipped 
to  one  restaurant,  at  a  time  of  flush  business,  200 
dozen  ears  of  sweet  corn  per  day ;  and  for  seed  shell 
beans,  such  as  this  market  demands  and  will  pay  liber¬ 
ally  for,  I  gave  last  Spring  $10  per  bushel. 

How  are  prices  made  here,  may  be  asked.  It  is 
by  the  relation  of  supply  of  produce  to  the  call  for  it, 
here  as  elsewhere,  that  these  are  determined.  The  deal¬ 
ers  and  the  farmers  coming  here  regularly,  who  have 
most  experience  and  most  at  stake  from  their  larger 
business,  naturally  lead  in  making  a  general  market 
price  for  all  offerings,  varying  with  each  day,  and 
the  smaller  growers  take  this  as  a  basis  in  their  asking 
price,  often  shading  it,  from  lack  of  confidence,  or 
desire  to  clean  up  their  loads  quickly  for  any  reason, 
There  are  drawbacks  here  from  such  causes,  poor 
salesmanship,  exposure  to  weather,  etc.,  "but  expenses 
are  small,  terms  cash,  and  any  grade  of  goods  can  be 
sold,  and  something  realized  from  it.  The  ideal  mar¬ 
ket  of  the  future,  under  cover,  with  expert  salesmen  to 
handle  the  produce  of  a  united  farming  interest,  is  not 
yet  realized — even  here.  A  neighbor  one  time  with 
help  of  his  two  sisters  in  four  hours’  time  gathered  40' 
bushels  of  these  beans,  and  returned  from  Quincy 
market  with  $80  as  proceeds  of  their  sale  there. 

There  is  a  large  business  done  in  Boston  market  in 
live  poultry,  which  again  shows  the  large  contingent 
of  Jewish  population  in  and  about  the  city;  5,000  live 
fowls  are  estimated  to  be  sold  daily  on  the  street, 
while  four  times  that  number  arrive  by  railroad  from 
the  West,  as  a  well-informed  dealer  tells  me.  The 
largest  dealer  in  these,  and  in  dressed  poultry,  in  the 
city  I  knew  40  years  ago  when  he  was  a  “hen  man” 
driving  about  our  section  buying  fowls  and  bringing 
them  to  the  street  market  here  to  sell;  getting  inside 
the  market  he  developed  the  poultry  business  till  he 
had  forty-odd  branch  houses  in  the  West,  and  re¬ 
ceived  stock  here  by  the  carload ;  and  died  wortli  half 
a  million  by  estimate.  His  business  he  learned  in  this 
market,  but  was  by  birth  a  Tennessean  and  an  ex- 
Confederate  soldier.  It  is  an  impressive  sight  of  an 
afternoon  in  Summer  or  Fall  to  see  rolling  along  the 
macadam  avenues  leading  through  Lexington,  Arling¬ 
ton  and  Cambridge  into  Boston  scores  of  suburban 
and  country  wagons,  well  loaded,  well  painted  and 
well  horsed,  with  names  of  their  owners  on  seat  side 
and  canvas  cover,  all  bound  for  the  stands  where  the 


farmer  can  make  free  and  direct  sale  of  his  produce  in 
Quincy  Market  Place ;  and  these  are  the  questions  that 
come  to  us  from  such  seeing:  Where  can  all  this 
product  of  farm  and  garden  and  orchard  possibly  be 
consumed?  Where  is  a  more  thrifty  and  prosperous 
body  of  farmers  to  be  found  than  those  of  this  sec¬ 
tion,  and  what  city  has  a  more  productive  country  ad¬ 
joining  it  than  has  Boston  ?  e.  f.  dickinson. 


ANOTHER  ALFALFA  SERMON. 

Cut  this  out  to  refer  to  if  you  desire  to  raise  Al¬ 
falfa.  It  will  not  fail  you,  but  you  will  be  loser  if 


HOW  THE  TRANSPLANTER  WORKS.  Fig.  276. 
(See  next  page.) 


you  disobey  it.  If  your  land  is  level  so  that  water 
will  stand  on  it,  or  if  hilly,  or  if  subsoil  is  heavy 
and  tight,  exchange  for  other  land  or  tend  in  other 
crop.  Sandy  land  is  not  suited  to  Alfalfa,  but  it  will 
bear  with  this  indignity  if  the  subsoil  is  abundantly 
moist ;  besides,  the  porosity  is  enhanced  by.  sand,  but 
sand  on  the*  surface  is  just  the  same  to  Alfalfa  as 
bran  and  sawdust  for  cow  feed.  Lime  is  necessary, 
but  with  constantly  wet  porous  subsoil  it  will  thrive 
off  the  air  with  almost  no  lime  or  fertility.  The 
roots  will  go  25  feet  to  water  if  the  plant  is  nursed 
till  they  reach  it,  but  not  through  packed  clay.  If 
sown  above  clay  in  good  corn  soil  it  will  thrive  for 
a  time,  then  you  will  be  tempted  to  write  The  R. 
N.-Y.  how  you  have  been  lied  to  concerning  the  value 
of  Alfalfa.  The  majority  of  farmers  who  have  writ¬ 
ten  on  the  subject  have  undoubtedly  not  inspected  far 
enough  below  the  surface.  To  succeed  well  it  must 


CHICKS  WITH  DIARRHOEA.  Fig.  277.  (See  page  75L) 

be  its  own  cover  crop.  It  will  sometimes  do  well 
sown  in  Spring,  but  is  far  surer  sown  about  August  1, 
because  it  gets  started  at  a  time  when  grass  and  weeds 
are  latent;  however,  it  will  not  stand  the  heaving 
process  of  some  soils  in  freezing  so  well  as  if  sown 
in  Spring.  Plow  your  land  in  May  or  June;  if  you 
live  in  dry  country  harrow  every  time  it  rains  till 
sowing  time,  anywhere  else  once  each  week,  which 
ought  to  secure  you  a  dust  mulch  seed  bed,  in  which 
case  12  to  14  pounds  of  seed  per  acre  will  prove 
sufficient,  better  than  30  or  40  pounds  when  ground 
is  cloddy.  After  sowing  there  is  nothing  more  to  do 
till  the  bloom  begins  to  appear  when  it  should  be 
mown  the  first  time  and  the  hay  all  kept  on  the 
ground  to  protect  the  tender  plants  from  the  fervent 
sunshine,  because  just  here  is  the  first  of  many  hid¬ 
den  snags  on  which  your  boat  will  sink.  If  surface 
is  wet  and  sky  cloudy  you  may  risk  taking  up  this 


v 

YfjpKy  y 

*  m 

C.(  v  VI 

NORMAL  TEN-DAY  CHICKENS.  Fig.  278.  (See  page  751.) 

first  hay  if  stubble  has  been  cut  high,  in  some  countries. 

The  next  snag  perhaps  is  you  will  inadvertantly 
pasture  your  Alfalfa  which  you  have  been  advised 
you  may  do  when  three  years  old,  but  you  only  have 
yourself  to  blame  if  you  do  and  find  no  Alfalfa  the 
next  year,  because  the  live  stock  will  not  eat  the 
weeds  and  tough  grass  which  constitute  the  chief  and 
only  effective  enemy  to  your  crop  thereafter  aside 
from  pasturing.  Better  mow  and  feed  each  day,  but  in 
case  you  do  pasture  be  sure  to  mow  three  times  each 
year  unless  you  make  twice  do  the  first  year;  this 
is  the  way  and  only  way  to  save  the  crop  being  over¬ 
powered  by  other  growth. 


July  15, 

Alfalfa  will  not  reseed  like  many  grasses,  so  to 
get  more  seed  to  grow  one  must  cultivate  bare  spots 
by  hand,  or  what  is  much  better,  with  disk  harrow. 
After  the  second  year  harrow  should  be  run  over  the 
field  after  each  mowing  to  cultivate  the  land  and 
thicken  the  crop  by  splitting  the  stools.  It  sliould  be 
cut  when  one-third  in  bloom.  Hogs  will  live  on  Al¬ 
falfa  hay  alone.  It  is  too  strongly  diuretic  and  di¬ 
aphoretic  to  feed  horses  at  work,  unexcelled  as  for¬ 
age  for  everything  else.  It  can  be  stored  in  silage  or 
put  up  without  curing  by  sprinkling  a  peck  of  lime 
over  each  ton  of  green  Alfalfa,  though  it  will  bleach 
it  somewhat,  and  must  not  be  so  stored  in  barn  for 
fear  of  spontaneous  combustion.  You  cannot  get 
seed  off  the  crop  except  after  many  weeks  of  entire 
absence  of  rain,  whether  this  be  early  or  late  in 
Summer  is  indifferent.  No  other  crop  will  drown  out 
as  easily  with  standing  water  on  surface.  It  only 
needs  a  little  start  in  humus.  It  is  hardly  advisable  to 
try  stacking  without  curing  unless  nearly  a  thousand 
feet  above  sea  level.  If  it  is  treated  only  half  decent 
with  lime  and  manure  besides  above  suggestions,  it 
will  prove  more  profitable  than  any  other  crop  raised 
in  the  temperate  zone,  and  more  persistent,  not  ex¬ 
cepting  even  orchard  culture,  but  otherwise  better 
take  some  other  crop.  In  any  case  of  failure  the 
cause  can  be  found  above.  l.  s.  tusler. 

Indiana. 

THE  “LAVA”  FERTILIZERS  AGAIN. 

I  inclose  herewith  a  reprint  from  the  “Technical  World 
Magazine.”  As  far  as  I  can  mase  out  from  the  literature  sent 
me,  this  man  buys  farms,  fertilizes  them  with  lava,  and 
either  sells  them  again,  or  raises  produce  on  them  and 
sells  the  produce.  There  seems  to  be  a  company  formed, 
and  they  have  shares  of  stock  for  sale  at  $10  par;  share¬ 
holders  being  entitled  to  from  five  to  10  per  cent  discount 
on  purchases  of  produce  from  the  company.  Now,  the 
point  1  wish  to  seek  knowledge  upon  is,  can  this  lava  do 
what  this  Mr.  Ruegg  claims  for  it  in  this  reprint?  I  do 
not  care  to  know  anything  about  it  as  an  investment,  as 
I  have  nothing  to  invest  in  the  ventures  of  others  ;  but  it 
seems  strange  to  me  that  our  agricultural  experts  from 
the  Department  of  Agriculture  have  not  exploited  the 
sterling  qualities  of  this  lava  before  this,  if  it  will  do  what 
Mr.  Ruegg  claims  for  it.  You  will  note  he  claims  it  will 
increase  the  yield  and  quality  of  plants  many  fold,  and 
produce  a  plant  resistant  to  all  manner  of  disease,  in¬ 
sects,  and  parasites.  If  his  claims  are  true,  would  not  this 
stuff  revolutionize  agriculture?  J.  c. 

New  York. 

Yes,  indeed,  if  these  claims  for  “lava”  were  true, 
agriculture  would  be  “revolutionized”  out  of  sight. 
The  article  in  question  is  a  strange  mixture  of 
sense  and  nonsense.  The  late  Dr.  Voorhees,  of  the 
New  Jersey  Experiment  Station,  wrote  these  lava 
people  asking  for  a  guaranteed  analysis  of  their  goods, 
since  the  New  Jersey  law  requires  such  guarantee  of 
all  fertilizers  costing  $10  or  more  per  ton.  The  reply 
was  that  they  did  not  claim  any  plant  food !  Analysis 
at  the  Connecticut  Station  shows  about  what  we 
should  expect  from  sifted  coal  ashes  with  small  quan¬ 
tities  of  basic  slag,  potash  and  tankage  added.  It  is 
easy  to  make  “claims.”  We  have  some  splendid  peach 
trees  on  the  farm  with  piles  of  coal  ashes  around 
them.  We  might  forget  that  we  used  fertilizer  and 
manure  also,  and  “claim”  the  coal  ashes  did  it  all ! 
As  for  saying  that  “lava”  produces  a  plant  which 
will  resist  “all  manner  of  disease,  insects  and  para¬ 
sites” — there  is  but  one  suitable  word  to  use — rot! 
Of  course  these  gentlemen  are  forming  a  company 
to  sell  shares  and  produce.  They  may  actually  sell 
some  shares  to  idiots  and  dreamers  if  they  can  get 
magazines  to  print  their  “guff”  and  their  advertise¬ 
ments,  but  we  sincerely  hope  that  no  reader  of  The 
R.  N.-Y.  will  be  silly  enough  to  believe  that  our 
agricultural  scientists  are  all  wrong. 

ROOT  GALL  ON  NURSERY  TREES. 

We  planted  a  small  orchard  this  Spring,  and  found 
some  of  the  trees  infected  with  the  root  gall.  None 
of  them  was  in  bad  candition,  and  the  trees  would  pass 
without  question  were  they  not  carefully  inspected,  but 
we  rejected  all  that  showed  any  signs  of  it.  These 
trees  were  returned  to  the  nursery  and  willingly  re¬ 
placed,  but  the  same  statement  was  made  to  which 
you  refer,  that  many  nurserymen  claimed  this  root 
gall  was  not  injurious.  The  nursery  requested  that 
all  infected  trees  be  returned,  as  they  wished  to  plant 
them  out  by  themselves  and  note  further  develop¬ 
ments.  I  have  not  kept  informed  in  regard  to  the 
investigations  of  the  crown  or  root  gall  since  an  ex¬ 
haustive  paper  by  Dr.  Forbes,  read  before  the  Illinois 
State  Horticultural  Society  eight  or  10  years  ago,  and 
more  recent  work  may  have  changed  somewhat  the 
conclusions  he  arrived  at,  but  it  seems  to  me  that 
there  are  too  many  contingencies  in  growing  an  or¬ 
chard  to  justify  one  in  planting  any  but  the  most 
healthy,  vigorous  tree,  and  I  do  not  think  that  I 
shall  plant  any  that  I  know  are  infected  with  this 
trouble,  or  advise  others  to  do  so,  until  it  is  established 
beyond  any  question  that  it  is  harmless. 

Illinois.  h.  R.  BRYANT. 


1911° 


THE  RURAB  NEW-YORKER 


751 


TRANSPLANTING  FLOWERS  BY 
MACHINERY. 

The  transplanting  machine  is  nearly  as  common  a 
farm  implement  in  several  of  the  towns  of  Monroe 
County,  N.  Y.,  as  the  self-binder.  Almost  every  farmer 
in  these  sections  grows  a  few  acres  of  Winter  cabbage, 
and  the  transplanting  machine  is  known  locally  as 
“the  cabbage  planter,”  or  in  brief  “the  planter.”  Many 
of  the  visitors  at  our  farm  have  not  previously  known 
of  such  a  machine.  In  the  case  of  town  people  or 
those  coming  from  parts  of  the  country  where  little 
transplanting  is  done,  this  would  not  be  surprising; 
but  representatives  of  some  of  the  largest  seed  houses 
in  Europe,  firms  that  have  whole  farms  of-  trans¬ 
planted  crops  each  year,  were  greatly  interested  in  the 
possibilities  of  facilitating  their  work  by  this  Yankee 
device.  Apparently  the  machines  are  not  made  or 
handled  in  the  same  large  wray  as  harvesting  ma¬ 
chinery. 

Those  unfamiliar  with  the  work  expect  to  see 
plants  fed  into  a  hopper  and  transferred  to  the  soil  by 
machine.  The  machine  in  use  here  is  drawn  by  two 
horses.  The  driver  is  seated  in  front,  a  barrel  of 
water  amidships  and  the  two  men  who  do  the  planting 
are  carried  in  the  rear,  on  seats  that  just  clear  the 
ground.  The  machine  makes  an  open-, 
ing  in  the  soil,  the  operators  place  the 
plants  one  at  a  time,  and  the  machine 
applies  water  to  the  roots,  at  the  same 
time  closing  the  soil  about  the  plants. 

The  wedge-shaped  plow  (p,  seen  in  Fig. 

276)  makes  a  continuous  opening  that 
continuously  closes  in  behind  as  the 
machine  moves  along.  The  operator 
places  a  plant  as  indicated.  So  long  as 
he  holds  it  nothing  happens.  There  is 
always  the  open  space  behind  the  plow. 

Machine,  operator  and  plant  have  sim¬ 
ply  moved  ahead,  and  the  row  has  been 
closed  in  behind.  But  the  instant  he 
lets  go  the  planting  is  done.  Machine 
and  operator  have  continued  to  move 
forward,  but  the  plant  is  now  stationary 
where  the  operator  released  it.  Water 
is  fed  into  the  opening  behind  the  plow 
through  a  tube  at  (w).  For  cabbage 
an  automatic  arrangement  releases  a  cer¬ 
tain  amount  at  regular  intervals,  and 
the  operator  times  the  dropping  of  the 
plant  by  the  click  of  the  opening  valve. 

Our  planting  is  mainly  Asters,  set  at 
close  intervals,  and  a  continuous  stream 
is  used.  We  are  now  nearing  the  end 
of  the  driest  June  on  record  for  this 
locality,  following  an  unusually  dry 
May.  Under  such  trying  conditions, 
the  water  barrel  on  the  machine  is 
filled  after  each  short  round  of  1100 
feet.  When  the  surface  is  moist  only 
enough  water  is  used  to  settle  the  dirt 
about  the  roots  of  the  plants.  The  soil 
not  being  firmed  so  compactly  as  with 
the  dibble,  the  use  of  water  cannot  be 
entirely  omitted  even  in  a  wet  time. 

The  soil  begins  to  fill  in  behind  the 
plow  as  indicated  by  the  dotted  line, 

Fig.  276.  The  work  is  completed,  in 
our  machine,  by  curved  blades  that 
leave  it  as  shown  below  in  Fig.  76.  Other 
machines  compress  the  .soil  by  the  use 
of  small  wheels  at  either  side.  The 
amount  of  pressure  applied  to  compact  the  soil,  the 
depth  of  planting  and  the  flow  of  water  are  all  readily 
adjusted. 

As  with  much  other  farm  machinery,  the  main  value 
of  this  machine  does  not  lie  in  the  cheapening  of  the 
work ;  in  this  case  the  value  lies  in  giving  the  planter 
the  ability  to  plant  right  along  through  unfavorable 
weather  conditions.  When  rains  come  the  plants  are 
established  in  the  field  and  get  the  full  benefit.  Just 
now  it  would  be  impossible  in  our  neighborhood  to 
plant  with  dibbles  without  incurring  more  expense  for 
watering  than  would  be  justified  by  any  ordinary  crop. 
By  the  aid  of  the  machine  we  are  planting  Asters  each 
afternoon.  With  close  setting  (12  to  15  inches,  in  three- 
foot  rows),  short  rows,  and  frequent  stops  for  water, 
we  set  lr/2  acre  in  five  hours.  With  small  plants  and 
somewhat  rough  ground  we  find  it  profitable  to  have 
a  man  follow  the  machine.  There  are  thus  four  men 
in  the  crew;  and  by  the  help  of  the  team  and  the 
machine  they  average  over  1,000  plants  per  hour 
apiece  at  a  time  when  hand  planting  would  be  a 
practical  impossibility.  Under  better  conditions  and 
not  so  close  planting  we  have  planted  two  acres  in 
five  hours,  and  3  2-3  acres  in  10  hours.  With  plants 
like  cabbage  that  are  easy  to  handle  and  are  set  far¬ 


ther  apart  I  am  told  that  three  to  five  acres  is  called 
a  day’s  w'ork.  Using  a  wider  plow,  one  designed  for 
potatoes,  we  have  been  able  to  use  the  machine  to 
good  advantage  in  planting  various  bulb  crops.  In  one 
day  last  month  the  machine  was  used  for  planting 
Dahlias,  Gladioli,  Jerusalem  artichoke  (tubers),  lilies, 
Montbretias,  horseradish  roots,  cinnamon  vine  roots 
and  bulblets,  Madeira  vines  and  Oxalis.  For  the 
small  bulbs  we  have  built  a  flat,  hopper-like  arrange¬ 
ment  from  which  the  bulbs  fall  through  a  tube  that 
drops  them  in  the  furrow.  One  operator  easily  regu¬ 
lates  the  feeding.  For  these  crops  the  plow  is  run 
deep  and  is  followed  by  the  potato  coverer  and  roller. 
Setting  strawberry  and  tomato  plants  are  among  the 
uses  we  have  for  the  machine.  We  have  found  it  es¬ 
pecially  useful  for  “leggy”  tomato  plants,  the  operator 
holding  the  plant  until  all  but  the  top  is  covered. 

Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y.  geo.  arnoed. 

THE  CAUSE  OF  “WHITE  DIARRHOEA,” 

Part  II. 

Last  week  we  gave  the  proof  stated  by  the  Connec¬ 
ticut  Experiment  Station  to  show  that  the  germs  of 
“white  diarrhea”  come  from  the  mother  hen.  In  order 
that  we  may  all  know  what  disease  is  discussed  we 
give  two  pictures  and  a  description  from  Bulletin  No. 


68.  We  think  most  poultrymen  will  recognize  the 
disease.  See  Figs.  277  and  278. 

The  earliest  deaths  may  occur  within  a  very  short  time 
after  hatching,  without  any  prominent  symptoms,  except¬ 
ing  perhaps,  weakness  and  lack  of  vitality.  The  charac¬ 
teristic  whitish  discharge  from  the  vent  soon  makes  its  ap¬ 
pearance  in  tlie  flock,  the  time  depending,  without  doubt, 
upon  the  virulence  of  the  organism  and  the  mode  of  infec¬ 
tion.  The  discharge  may  be  slight  or  profuse,  in  color 
white  or  creamy,  sometimes  mixed  with  brown.  The  voided 
matter  has  a  more  or  less  sticky  or  glairy  character.  It 
may  simply  streak  the  down  below  the  vent  or  may  cling 
to  the  down  in  sufficient  quantity  to  seal  up  the  vent.  This 
is  the  condition  that  poultrymen  designate  as  “pasting  up 
behind.”  This  latter  condition,  however,  is  not  necessarily 
indicative  of  white  diarrhoea. 

The  chicks  soon  become  listless  and  sleepy,  inclined  to 
huddle  together  and  remain  under  the  hover  much  of  the 
time.  They  seem  to  lose  appetite  and  do  not  eat  much. 
Frequently  when  they  attempt  to  take  food  their  aceiion  is 
more  or  less  mechanical.  The  wings  begin  to  droop  or  pro¬ 
ject  slightly  from  the  body,  with  feathers  ruffled.  In  acute 
cases  the  eyes  are  closed  and  the  chicks  become  indifferent 
to  everything  that  goes  on  about  them.  Many  of  the  chicks 
peep  or  chirp  constantly,  the  sound  being  shrill  or  weak  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  strength  of  the  individual.  Frequently  when 
endeavoring  to  void  the  excreta  the  chicks  utter  a  shrill 
twitter,  apparently  a  cry  of  pain.  The  breathing  may  be 
labored,  the  abdomen  heaving  with  each  breath.  Occasion¬ 
ally  one  may  note  a  certain  amount  of  gasping  or  gaping. 

Assuming  the  case  proven  that  the  germs  are  in 
the  ovaries  of  the  mother  hen,  and  are  put  in  the 
yolk  of  her  egg,  what  can  be  done  to  stamp  out  the 
disease?  While  no  direct  evidence  is  presented.  Dr. 
Rettger  and  Prof.  Stoneburn  do  not  believe  that  the 


disease  is  carried  from  one  adult  hen  to  another  in 
the  food  or  by  the  male.  It  is  without  doubt  carried 
from  one  little  chick  to  another  in  the  food.  The 
female  chicks  which  live  through  the  disease  grow  to 
adults  with  the  germs  in  their  bodies.  As  we  under¬ 
stand  it,  these  germs  accumulate  in  the  ovaries  and 
are  put  into  the  eggs,  thus  keeping  up  the  round  of 
the  disease.  Therefore  if  we  are  to  get  rid  of  the 
disease  we  must  get  rid  of  the  hens  which  carry  it 
along.  How  can  we  know  them? 

This  bulletin  contains  pictures  of  infected  and  also 
germ-free  hens.  A  close  student  of  the  disease  might 
tell  them  apart,  but  the  ordinary  henkeeper  could  not 
do  so.  At  the  station  the  infected  hens  were  selected 
by  trap-nesting.  The  marked  eggs  laid  by  individual 
hens  were  tested  for  the  germs.  It  was  found  for 
one  thing  that  the  infected  hens  are  usually  poor  lay¬ 
ers.  They  usually  lay  only  in  Spring  and  Summer. 
Where  the  disease  has  been  watched  on  farms  it  was 
found  that  chicks  hatched  in  late  Pall,  Winter  and 
early  Spring  are  usually  free  from  the  disease.  This 
indicates  that  the  disease  may  affect  the  laying  powers 
of  the  hen  and  that  the  continuous  layers  which  keep 
up  the  "egg-flow”  through  the  year  are  most  likely  to 
be  free.  The  average  man  cannot  trap-nest,  nor  can 
he  conduct  a  scientific  test  for  bacteria. 
Another  proposed  test  is  to  open  the 
side  of  the  hen  and  examine  the  ovaries. 
Prof.  Stoneburn  thinks  this  plan  will 
enable  an  expert  to  pick  out  the  had 
cases,  but  the  average  hen  man  could 
not  depend  on  it.  Chicks  from  the  dif¬ 
ferent  breeders  could  be  hatched  sepa¬ 
rately  and  the  chicks  watched.  This 
would  quickly  show  which  chicks  were 
free,  and  their  mothers  saved  for  breed¬ 
ing  purposes.  Where  the  flock  is  badly 
affected  it  would  pay  to  get  rid  of  all 
the  breeders  and  stock  up  from  farms 
where  the  disease  is  not  known.  Prof. 
Stoneburn  says  the  disease  has  been 
eliminated  in  a  single  season  by  this 
method.  Selection  of  breeding  hens 
should  be  made  at  eight  or  10  weeks, 
at  which  time  the  healthy  stock  will  be 
superior  to  other.  This  first  selection 
will  secure  good  birds,  and  a  second 
selection  later  will  enable  a  breeder  to 
pick  out  the  desired  type.  Sour  milk 
may  prevent  the  disease,  but  it  is  not  a 
cure.  It  would  be  but  natural  that  in 
such  a  disease  the  theory  of  “inoculax 
tion”  to  destroy  the  germs  would  be 
advanced.  There  are  materials  on  the 
market  which  are  claimed  as  “cures.” 
We  understand  that  they  are  mostly 
combinations  of  turpentine  with  other 
materials.  They  are  to  be  injected  into 
the  chick  or  hen  on  the  theory  that  they 
will  thus  kill  the  germs.  From  the 
nature  of  the  disease  we  are  quite  skep¬ 
tical  as  to  any  practical  value  from  such 
treatment,  but  it  ought  to  be  tried  out. 


A  CAT  MOTHER  FOR  GEESE. 

Mr.  T.  E.  Cameron,  of  Missouri,  sends 
us  the  picture  shown  at  Fig.  280,  and 
says : 

“It  has  long  been  a  question  as  to 
which  was  the  mother  of  a  chicken,  the 
hen  which  laid  the  egg  or  the  one 
which  hatched  it.  The  genealogy  of  these  Mis¬ 
souri  goslings  is  even  more  complicated.  They 
were  hatched  by  a  hen  and  adopted  by  the  cat  shown 
in  the  picture,  who  drove  the  hen-mother  away.  If 
the  youngsters  are  “geese”  enough  to  stray  from  the 
parental  roof-tree  the  cat  takes  them  by  the  nape  of 
the  neck  and  returns  them  to  where  she  thinks  they 
belong.” 

This  beats  any  poultry  story  we  have  heard  before. 
It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  cat  is  not  fattening  the  little 
ones  on  the  principle  of  a  farmer  fattening  the 
Thanksgiving  turkey. 

The  town  of  Toppenish,  Wash.,  is  a  new  one  to 
most  of  us,  but  it  seems  to  be  the  limit  on  the  matter 
of  school  grounds. 

It  is  proposed  to  purchase  between  10  and  11  acres  for  a 
high  school,  and,  if  the  purchase  be  consummated,  to  make 
live  acres  an  experimental  farm  for  the  pupils.  The  re¬ 
mainder  is  to  include  a  park  and  an  athletic  field  for  the 
children. 

The  object  of  this  is  to  interest  the  children  in  out¬ 
door  life.  Farming  and  fruit  growing  is  to  be  the 
great  future  business  of  the  Pacific  coast.  If,  50  years 
ago,  the  New  England  people  had  handled  the  school 
question  as  this  Washington  town  proposes  doing, 
the  history  of  this  country  would  have  been  changed. 
There  is  such  a  thing  as  carrying  this  new  education 
beyond  the  limit,  but  it  is  a  fine  thing  to  make  the 
school  and  the  school  grounds  as  attractive  as  we  can. 


A  BLACK  AND  WFIITE  MILK  FOUNTAIN.  Fig.  279. 

(See  page  700.) 


THE  CAT  AND  TFIE  GOSLINGS.  Fig.  280. 


762 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

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A  Case  of  Black  Knot. 

A.  R.  B.,  Dexter,  Me. — I  have  several 
hundred  plum  trees,  some  are  very  large 
trees  and  have  borne  heavy  crops,  but  the 
black  knot  has  completely  covered  them 
this  year.  I  feel  the  worst  about  100  trees 
I  set  two  years  ago.  They  are  just  cov¬ 
ered  with  the  knot,  yet  have  nice,  hand¬ 
some  tops.  I  wish  there  might  be  some¬ 
thing  I  could  graft  into  them,  otherwise 
they  will  all  have  to  be  cut  down. 

Ans. — Black  knot  is  a  fungus  disease 
that  spreads  like  smallpox  in  the  human 
family,  and  there  is  no  more  need  of  it 
being  prevalent.  The  fact  that  it  is 
very  hard  on  the  trees  is  positive  evi¬ 
dence  that  there  has  been  about  nothing 
done  to  stop  its  ravages  for  several 
years  past.  If  there  had  been  careful 
attention  given  to  cutting  off  and  burn¬ 
ing  every  knot  that  was  seen,  and  with¬ 
out  delay,  there  would  now  be  very 
little  or  none.  There  is  fresh  infection 
from  the  old  knots  giving  out  spores 
that  find  lodgement  and  grow,  making 
new  knots,  and  so  the  trouble  spreads. 
There  is  no  need  to  have  this  to  con¬ 
tinue.  Cut  off  all  that  shows  and  burn 
it  at  once.  Paring  off  the  knots  and 
pasting  the  places  with  thick  Bordeaux 
Mixture  is  of  considerable  benefit  in 
saving  the  branches,  but  many  of  them 
must  be  cut  off  entirely.  All  of  the 
knots  in  the  vicinity  on  wild  choke 
cherry  bushes  or  elsewhere  must  be 
cut  off  and  burned.  Spraying  the  clean 
trees  with  Bordeaux  is  a  help. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


Hawkweed  in  Pasture. 

This  pasture  problem  is  a  serious  one 
here.  Acres  and  acres  cannot  be  plowed, 
and  hawkweed  is  overrunning  the  whole 
region.  I  am  trying  to  get  Sweet  clover  or 
vetch  started  in  mine.  I  could  tear  it  up 
some  in  the  Spring  with  the  spring-tooth. 
In  the  Spring  it  is  utterly  bare  until  the 
hawkweed  starts  up.  D-  p.  b. 

The  remedy  for  hawkweed,  outside  of 
plowing  and  cultivation,  is  broadcasting  diy 
salt,  about  3,000  pounds  per  acre.  Experi¬ 
ments  in  Vermont  show  that  this  will  kill 
most  of  it.  We  do  not  believe  Sweet  clover 
will  start  willingly  in  poor  soil.  Our  re¬ 
ports  generallv  indicate  failure  except  in 
good  land.  We  would  rather  harrow  lime 
into  these  pastures  and  seed  to  the  grasses. 


Nitrate  on  Tomatoes. 

Can  anyone  tell  me  when  is  the  best 
time  to  apply  nitrate  of  soda  to  late  to¬ 
matoes,  and  about  how  much  to  the  hill? 

Dias  Creek,  N.  J.  e.  b.  s. 

We  should  consider  125  pounds  of  nitrate 
of  soda  per  acre  a  good-sized  dose.  Figure 
how  much  that  would  make  per  plant.  If 
there  are  5,000  hills  it  would  be  two-fifths 
of  an  ounce.  Do  not  put  it  up  close  to  the 
stem.  If  the  plants  are  small  and  back¬ 
ward  use  the  nitrate  now.  If  you  want  to 
hold  back  ripening  wait  until  late  .Tuly  or 
August,  and  then  use  the  nitrate.  We  have 
had  cases  where  plants  thus  fertilized  kept 
on  producing  vine  instead  of  maturing  fruit. 
This  is  an  advantage  sometimes  when  the 
market  is  crowded  in  August  and  empty 
later  on. 


Wind  Power  and  Electricity. 

I  enclose  a  clipping  from  a  family  paper 
on  development  of  wind  power.  This  is  a 
subject  that  I  have  been  thinking  of  lately, 
wondering  if  the  wind  could  not  be  used 
to  generate  electricity  to  be  used  for  heat 
and  power  immediately  and  stored  for  use 
at  times  when  there  was  no  wind.  I  had  in 
mind  also  the  novel  power  windmill  which 
appeared  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  a  few  years  ago. 

Clay,  N.  Y.  l.  8. 

The  clipping  referred  to  suggests  that 
cheap  wind  power  can  be  used  to  generate 
electricity.  The  power  is  to  be  held  in 
storage  batteries  and  used  as  wanted.  The 
theory,  like  many  others,  looks  well,  but 
fails  in  practice.  Many  efforts  have  been 
made  to  utilize  wind  power  for  this  pur¬ 
pose,  but  none  has  succeeded.  In  Holland 
special  efforts  in  this  line  were  made  with¬ 
out  success.  Wind  power  is  not  steady 
enough  for  the  purpose. 


MORE  CROWN  GALL  EXPERIENCE. 

We  have  had  considerable  experience  with 
crown  or  root  gall,  in  one  or  two  instances 
not  accepting  the  trees,  and  in  others,  where 
there  was  but  little  of  it,  cutting  it  all  off 
and  setting  the  trees.  We  pulled  up  a  block 
of  500  peach  trees  last  Spring  that  were 
nine  years  old,  and  I  found  no  evidence  of 
gall  on  them,  yet  as  I  remember  there  was 
some  when  we  set  them.  I  had  an  apple 
tree  blow  over  last  Summer  that  showed  a 
bad  specimen  of  the  gall  on  the  large  roots 
next  to  the  body  and  I  laid  it  to  that, 
though  it  might  not  have  been  ;  the  tree  was 
over  20  years  old.  This  Spring  we  set  a  lot 
of  peach  trees,  and  we  found  about  seven 
per  cent,  of  them  affected.  In  one  case  we 
cleaned  it  all  off  and  set  them  out  by 
themselves,  123  in  all.  We  want  to  see 
what  they  will  do.  In  another  my  sons 
treated  about  40  in  a  solution  of  lime-sul¬ 
phur,  and  in  60  days  we  will  guarantee  that 
it  is  all  killed  (and  the  trees,  too).  I  am 


July  15, 


not  prepared  to  give  an  opinion  in  regard 
to  it.  I  know  that  a  nurseryman  with  a 
fine  lot  of  trees  with  a  few  of  the  galls  on 
hates  to  throw  them  away,  so  he  sets  them 
out.  I  am  not  sure  if  it  is  a  bad  thing, 
or  if  some  time  it  should  become  epidemic, 
that  one  is  any  better  off  if  the  trees  come 
from  a  nursery  where  it  is  bad,  whether  they 
have  it  on  or  not.  Come,  let  us  take  coun¬ 
sel  together,  nurserymen,  fruit  growers,  and 
experiment  station,  and  see  what  we  can 
find  out.  T.  H.  KING. 

Tompkins  Co.,  N.  Y. 

I  noticed  on  page  702  an  article  about 
root  gall  on  fruit  trees,  and  I  will  give  my 
experiences  in  regard  to  it.  In  the  Spring 
of  1907  I  helped  set  2,000  peach  and  ap¬ 
ple  trees,  and  I  noticed  that  there  was  con¬ 
siderable  root  gall  on  the  trees,  but  the  com¬ 
pany  thought  they  would  not  hurt  and  had 
them  set.  The  next  Spring  I  was  given  the 
job  of  resetting  those  trees,  and  out  of 
about  160  trees  that  died  I  found  but  about 
a  dozen  that  did  not  have  root  gall.  Since 
then  I  have  studied  that  disease  and  ob¬ 
served  it  close,  and  I  have  my  first  tree  yet 
to  do  any  good  with  root  gall.  1  would 
advise  no  one  ever  to  set  trees  with  it,  for 
if  they  live  they  will  do  no  good,  so  it  is  best 
to  reject  them.  l.  G.  z.. 

Philippi,  W.  Va. 


The  Summer  Boarder  Business. 

I  have  never  had  any  experience  in  that 
line,  so  what  information  1  can  give  you  is 
based  on  inquiries  that  I  have  made.  The 
meat  used  rarely  comes  directly  from  the 
farm,  but  is  bought  from  a  butcher  in  small 
quantities,  as  the  facilities  for  keeping  it 
any  length  of  time  ai'e  inadequate.  The 
farmer’s  wife  depends  largely  on  the  garden 
to  furnish  articles  of  food  for  the  table  in 
the  shape  of  green  peas,  string  beans, 
shelled  beans,  green  corn  and  new  potatoes, 
although  lettuce  and  the  endive  are  used  to 
some  extent.  The  milk,  butter  and  cream 
nearly  always  come  direct  from  the  farm, 
as  do  the  eggs  and  poultry.  The  size  of  the 
flock  of  hens  varies  from  20  to  100 ;  one 
woman  who  has  from  12  to  20  boarders 
every  Summer  told  me  that  her  flock  of 
hens  numbered  about  80,  and  she  was  rais¬ 
ing  about  150  chickens.  The  strawberry  is 
the  only  small  fruit  cultivated  to  any  ex¬ 
tent  Cherries  have  been  grown  in  the  past, 
but  the  trees  have  been  allowed  to  die  of 
black-rust.  Raspberries,  blueberries  and 
blackberries  are  found  in  every  pasture. 

New  Hampshire.  k.  k.  s. 


CROP  NOTES. 

Sour  cherries  about  25  per  cent. ;  sweet 
cherries,  60  per  cent.  Winter  apples,  25 
per  cent.,  or  less.  Duchess  and  Fall  fruit 
75  per  cent.  f.  c.  w. 

Old  Mission,  Mich. 

Cherries  40  per  cent.  Winter  apples  poor, 
30  per  cent. ;  Fall  apples,  full  crop ;  pears 
60  per  cent.  ;  peaches  full  crop.  We  are 
in  need  of  rain  at  present  although  culti¬ 
vated  crops  are  not  suffering.  d.  a.  ii. 

Scottsville,  Mich. 

Our  long  continued  drought  is  broken ; 
we  have  had  several  copious  rains  the  past 
two  weeks.  We  enjoyed  our  first  green 
beans  and  potatoes  June  28.  Fruit  a  fail¬ 
ure,  hay  and  oats  not  half  a  crop.  Corn' 
growing  fine.  d.  b.  r. 

Fall  Branch,  Tenn. 

Richmond  and  sweet  cherries  are  three- 
fourths  of  crop,  Montmorency  and  Morello 
are  less  than  one-fourtli  crop.  Early  ap¬ 
ples  are  an  average  crop,  Winter  apples 
about  one-fourth  of  average.  Peaches  are  a 
very  large  crop,  and  pears  are  also  good. 

Traverse  City,  Mich.  w.  j. 

We  have  a  good  crop  of  pears  and 
peaches,  one-fourth  crop  cherries  and  plums. 
The  Elbertas  are  not  as  full  as  I  would 
like  to  see  them,  but  there  will  be  a  good 
crop.  The  common  varieties,  such  as  Gold 
Drops,  Barnards  and  Chili,  are  too  full. 
We  got  a  little  rain  June  26.  which  was 
badly  needed.  p.  r. 

So.  Franklin.  Mich. 

Winter  varieties  of  apples  will  not  be 
over  one-fourth  crop  in  this  county  ;  Bald¬ 
wins  and  Northern  Spy  very  scarce.  Fall 
varieties  a  full  crop  and  quality  good. 
Cherries  a  full  crop;  quality  not  the  best; 
growers  getting  3%  cents  per  pound  at  the 
canning  factories ;  peaches  a  full  crop.  An 
increased  acreage  of  beans  has  been  planted. 
The  crop  is  looking  very  good.  Oats, 
wheat  and  hay  are  nearly  a  full  crop. 
The  acreage  of  corn  is  not  so  large,  due  to 
the  late,  wet  Spring,  and  the  crop  is  not 
very  promising.  e.  v.  a 

Newaygo  Co.,  Mich. 

June  has  been  noted  for  dry  hot  and 
cold  weather.  No  rain  of  any  account 
has  fallen  in  this  township,  Hopewell,  and 
the  crops  are  beginning  to  show  the  ef¬ 
fects  of  it.  Haying  has  begun,  and  will 
be  a  very  light  crop,  and  poor  in  quality. 
Alfalfa  has  bowed  a  good  crop.  Wheat 
will  be  an  early  harvest  and  promises  to 
be  good.  Sweet  cherries  were  a  failure, 


as  also  strawberries;  currants  are  light 
Raspberries  are  set  full ;  if  we  only  get  the 
rain  they  will  be  a  good  crop.  Corn  is 
above  the  average  year  for  growth,  more 
than  knee  high  now.  Potatoes  have  came 
up  very  poorly,  many  rotting  in  the 
ground,  and  from  first-class  seed.  Bugs 
worse  than  usual.  Pasturage  getting 
short,  and  also  the  flow  of  milk.  Small 
acreage  of  cabbage  and  a  large  one  ol 
beans.  Butter,  18  cents;  eggs,  16;  pota¬ 
toes,  50  cents;  hay,  .$18;  wheat,  85  cents; 
oats  40 ;  corn,  65 ;  veal,  seven  cents  a 
pound ;  sheep,  four  cents  per  pound. 

Canandaigua,  N.  Y.  e.  t.  b. 

Yesterday,  July  1,  our  government  ther¬ 
mometer  registered  101  degrees,  and  today 
104.  Oats  are  ripening  too  fast,  corn  is 
curling  but  is  not  hurt  yet,  and  on  an  aver¬ 
age  the  best  I  ever  saw  at  this  time  of  year, 
large  fields  of  it  standing  shoulder  high,  but 
it  surely  cannot  stand  this  weather  long 
without  rain.  There  were  quite  a  dumber 
of  pieces  of  Fall  wheat  sown  last  Fall  that 
is  harvested  and  part  of  it  thrashed.  A 
piece  near  us  thrashed  out  27  bushels  to 
the  acre.  Out  State  got  rain  in  spots  a 
week  ago,  but  none  here.  j.  s. 

Corning,  Iowa. 

Your  drought  was  broken  earlier  than 
ours,  but  we  got  about  one  inch  of  water 
or  a  trifle  over  Saturday  night,  June  24. 
The  drought  was  something  fierce,  and  ex¬ 
tended  over  nearly  the  whole  of  South  Da¬ 
kota.  Oats  and  barley  practically  a  fail¬ 
ure,  although  a  few  fields  can  be  found  that 
will  make  a  fair  crop.  Wheat  not  quite  so 
bad  as  the  oats  and  barley  ;  flax  promises 
well,  and  corn  never  looked  better  at  this 
time  of  year  in  all  my  29  years’  experience 
in  the  State,  that  is,  in  this  part  of  the 
State.  Mercury  has  hovered  between  85 
and  104  most  of  the  month  with  some  days 
of  hot  wind. 

Letcher,  S.  D.  w.  H.  h. 

It  is  expected  that  Canada  will  harvest 
200.000  bushels  of  wheat  this  year.  About 
35,000  extra  laborers  will  be  needed  to 
handle  the  crop,  largely  in  the  Saskatche¬ 
wan  district. 


Missouri  Fruit  Outlook.— Apples  indi¬ 
cate  35  to  40  per  cent,  of  a  full  crop,  trees 
on  low  ground  showing  best.  The  bloom 
over  the  whole  State  was  good,  but  the  set 
poor.  Peaches  run  from  30  to  35  per  cent, 
in  the  largest  commercial  sections.  Disease 
and  insects  are  reported  scarce. 

Killing  Willows. — On  page  685,  G.  W. 
C.,  Rushville,  Vt.,  gives  his  remedy  for  kill¬ 
ing  willows  in  the  month  of  August.  I 
would  like  to  ask  him  if  it  would  not  have 
the  same  effect  to  cut  them  off  entirely 
above  ground.  I  have  a  patch  of  them  and 
they  are  all  sizes  from  the  size  of  a  slate 
pencil  up  to  one  and  a  half  inches  through, 
and  would  like  to  know  if  it  would  have  the 
desired  effect  to  mow  these  smaller  ones  off 
and  girdle  the  larger  ones.  d.  d.  s. 

South  Dakota. 


Chrysanthemums  and  How  to  Grow 
Them,  by  1.  L.  Powell.- — There  is  a  grow¬ 
ing  interest  in  Chrysanthemums,  naturally 
fostered  by  the  beautiful  specimens  dis¬ 
played  at  Autumn  exhibitions.  There  have 
been  been  many  changes,  too,  in  methods 
and  culture,  as  well  as  choice  of  varieties. 
This  book,  clearly  written  and  freely  illus¬ 
trated,  will  be  very  helpful  whether  the 
reader  is  a  beginner  with  an  outdoor  gar¬ 
den  only,  or  one  possessing  both  experience 
and  a  greenhouse.  Price,  including  post¬ 
age,  .$1.20. 

Vines  and  How  to  Grow  Them  b”  Will¬ 
iam  C.  McCollum.  Every  garden  or  green¬ 
house  manual  discusses  vines  to  some  ex¬ 
tent,  but  it  is  not  always  easy  to  get  the 
specific  knowledge  required  in  easily  acces¬ 
sible  form.  Here  we  are  told  how  to  treat 
vines  of  all  sorts  and  classes,  whether  grown 
for  flowers,  foliage  or  fruit,  with  much  ex¬ 
cellent  advice  as  to  special  locations,  soil, 
treatment,  etc.  Price,  Including  postage, 
$1.20. 

How  to  Know  *  the  Ferns,  by  Frances 
Theodora  Parsons.  Numerous  illustrations, 
accompanied  by  clear  descriptions,  make 
this  book  a  welcome  guide  to  our  wild  ferns. 
Many  persons  interested  in  wild  plants 
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the  uninstructed.  This  book  shows  the 
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“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 


DIGS  ALL  THE  POTATOES 

without  rutting  them— just  enough  adjustment  to  meet 
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THREE  STANDARD 

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The  American  Fruit  Culturist,  by  John  J. 
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Cornell  University.  The  standard 
work  on  propagation  in  all  its  details. 
Every  one  interested  in  horticulture 
should  have  it.  Price . $1.50. 

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known  expert  in  small  fruits.  Planting, 
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All  these  books  are  for  sale  by 

THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

409  PEARL  STREET,  NEW  YORK 


CRIMSON  CLOVER 


The  great  soil  improver.  Valuable  also  for 
early  green  food,  grazing  and  hay  crops. 
Special  circular  free;  also  sample  and  price 
of  seed  on  request. 

HENRY  A.  DREER 
714  Chestnut  Street,  Philadelphia 


1857 


E.  FRANK  COE  FERTILIZERS 


1811 


HAVE  BEEN  RAISING  THE  STANDARD  OF  EXCELLENCE  FOR  OVER  FIFTY  YEARS 


Freedom  from  Acidity 

You  know  that  an  acid  condition  is  obnoxious  to  nature. 

Acid  blood  in  the  human  being  causes  rheumatism,  gout  and  a  host  of  other  diseases. 

An  acid  condition  of  the  soil  prevents  the  growth  of  the  nitro-bacteria  that  enable  alfalfa,  clover  and  other  leguminous  crops  to  gather  nitrogen  from 
the  air,  and  stops  the  development  of  the  nitrifying  bacteria  that  convert  other  forms  of  nitrogen  into  nitrates  which  are  necessary  for  plant  feeding. 

Timothy  (Herd’s  Grass),  Clover,  Alfalfa,  Beets,  Onions,  Asparagus,  Tobacco,  Spinach,  and  many  other  crops  cannot  succeed  on  an  acid 
soil.  You  will  therefore  appreciate  the  importance  of  using  fertilizers  from  which  the  acidity  has  been  removed. 

While  many  fertilizers  contain  from  1 00  to  150  lbs.  of  free  acid  to  the  ton,  this  has  all  been  removed  from  the 

E.  Frank  Coe  Fertilizers 


At  the  same  time,  the  solubility  and  availability  of  these  famous  brands  have  been  improved.  No  extra  charge  is  made  for  these  brands  on 
account  of  this  improved  method  of  manufacture,  but  you  will  readily  appreciate  its  great  value  if  you  will  this  season  watch  the  crops  in  the  fields 
raised  with  ■ — .  > 

L.  trank  Coe  tertilizers 


Our  valuable  Fertilizer  Memorandum  Book  will  be  sent  free  of  charge  if  you  m  .ir  The  Rural  New-Yorker. 

THE  COE-MORTIMER  COMPANY,  51  Chambers  Street,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


1911. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKEH 


763 


TROUBLE  WITH  GRAPES. 

H.  H.  Eastport,  L.  I. — What  may  bo  the 
trouble  with  my  grapes,  as  they  are 
sprouting  from  the  ground  or  the  roots 
while  above,  uothing  or  very  little  has  ap¬ 
peared.  The  branches  are  not  dead,  and 
I  have  noticed  on  a  number,  that  where 
the  branch  was  cut  sap  accumulated.  I 
cut  my  grapes  on  March  13.  Is  it  pos¬ 
sible  that  they  may  have  a  disease? 

Ans. — This  seems  to  be  a  case  of  in¬ 
jury  of  the  buds  by  the  severity  of  Win¬ 
ter  or  a  late  frost  that  caught  them 
when  they  had  started  to  grow  and  were 
in  a  very  tender  stage.  As  the  vines 
were  alive,  which  was  proved  by  the 
sap  flowing  from  cuts  made,  the  diffi¬ 
culty  must  be  with  the  buds.  No  disease 
that  I  know  would  affect  the  vines  to 
cause  the  buds  to  fail  to  grow  out  at 
the  proper  time.  The  fact  that  sprouts 
are  coming  out  from  near  the  base  of 
stems  would  also  indicate  that  Winter 
injury  of  the  buds  is  the  cause.  The 
variety  may  be  a  tender  one. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


HOW  TO  HANDLE  HEN  MANURE. 

Part  II. 

Last  week  we  discussed  the  weight  and 
value  of  hen  manure.  Some  years  ago  Peru¬ 
vian  and  other  guanos  were  largely  used  by 
farmers.  When  pure  these  guanos  consisted 
of  the  manure  of  sea  birds.  In  the  rainless 
regions  of  the  west  coast  of  South  America 
vast  numbers  of  sea  birds  go  to  certain  isl¬ 
ands  to  breed  and  roost.  As  it  seldom  or 
never  rains  there  the  manure  dries  rapidly. 
Mixed  with  it  are  bodies  of  dead  birds  and 
fish  on  which  the  birds  feed.  This  material 
is  dug  up  and  crushed  to  a  powder  and 
makes  a  fine  fertilizer.  Some  farmers  had 
an  idea  that  hen  manure  is  as  valuable  as 
this  guano — because  both  are  bird  manure. 
This  is  not  so.  The  value  of  manure  de¬ 
pends  on  what  the  animal  eats.  These  sea 
birds  live  largely  on  fish — food  rich  in  nitro¬ 
gen  and  phosphoric  acid.  Naturally  their 
manure  is  richer  than  that  of  hens  fed 
largely  on  grain.  Everyone  knows  that 
ground  fish  or  meat  would  prove  a  better 
fertilizer  than  cornmeal.  The  same  differ¬ 
ence  must  be  found  in  the  manure  made 
from  feeding  them. 

Another  difference  is  found  in  the  fact 
that  the  guano  is  promptly  dried  and  has 
no  chance  to  heat  and  ferment — thus  driving 
off  its  nitrogen — on  the  other  hand,  every¬ 
one  who  keeps  poultry  knows  how  quickly 
hen  manure  gives  off  ammonia,  for  this  is 
plainly  evident  in  the  smell.  As  hen.  man¬ 
ure  is  usually  handled,  probably  half  its  ni¬ 
trogen  is  lost  in  this  way.  With  other 
farm  animals  the  solids  and  liquids  are 
voided  separately — and  as  all  know  the 
liquids  contain  most  of  the  available  plant 
food,  and  are  most  likely  to  ferment  and 
send  off  ammonia.  In  the  hen  the  solids 
and  liquids  are  voided  together.  Most  of 
its  nitrogen  is  in  the  form  of  uric  acid, 
which  decays  rapidly  and  forms  ammonia 
quickly.  When  it  is  left  exposed  so  it  will 
heat  there  is  great  loss.  Even  when  the 
floor  of  the  henhouse  is  covered  with  sand 
and  straw  the  ammonia  in  the  droppings  is 
so  quickly  driven  off  that  much  of  the  ni¬ 
trogen  is  lost.  The  same  is  true  to  a  less 
extent  of  the  droppings  which  fall  in  the 
yards  or  when  the  hens  range  about.  In 
fact  the  only  way  to  save  the  nitrogen  is  to 
get  the  fresh  manure  into  the  soil  at  once, 
or  mix  chemicals  with  it  that  will  hold  the 
ammonia. 

As  stated  last  week,  about  all  of  the  hen 
manure  that  we  can  be  sure  of  is  what  is 
dropped  under  the  roosts,  and  we  can  only 
be  sure  of  that  when  something  is  done  to 
hold  the  ammonia.  At  the  Maine  Experi¬ 
ment  Station  various  plans  were  tried.  In 
one  case  the  manure  was  scraped  from  un¬ 
der  the  roosts  and  stored  in  barrels  without 
any  addition.  In  six  months  this  manure 
lost  more  than  half  its  nitrogen.  The  same 
thing  happened  when  dry  sawdust  was 
mixed  with  the  manure.  When  40  pounds 
of  land  plaster  were  mixed  with  manure 
from  ISO  hens  one-third  of  the  nitrogen  was 
lost.  The  same  amount  with  82  pounds  of 
plaster  and  15  of  sawdust  suffered  no  loss. 
The  same  was  true  when  54  pounds  of 
kainit  on  47  pounds  acid  phosphate  were 
used  with  sawdust.  These  chemicals  held 
practically  all  the  nitrogen.  “Kainit”  is  one 
of  the  German  potash  salts.  When  this  was 
used  the  manure  was  moist  and  sticky,  and 
hard  to  handle.  The  plaster  left  the  manure 
in  hard  and  dry  lumps.  The  sawdust  helped 
dry  out  the  manure  and  gave  it  better  con¬ 
dition  for  spreading  or  drilling.  At  the 
Maine  Station  it  was  found  that  10  pounds 
of  dry  sawdust  could  be  mixed  or  sprinkled 
over  30  pounds  of  fresh  manure.  As  this 
was  scraped  up  and  put  in  barrels  16  pounds 
acid  phosphate  and  eight  pounds  kainit  can 
be  added.  This  will  give  a  mixture  con¬ 
taining  1  %  per  cent,  nitrogen,  4%  phos¬ 
phoric  acid  and  two  per  cent,  potash,  with 
about  all  the  nitrogen  saved.  We  must  un¬ 
derstand  that  there  is  no  use  figuring  on 
the  value  of  fresh  hen  manure  since  the 
ammonia  is  so  easily  lost.  Its  value  depends 
on  the  way  it  is  handled.  The  first  thing  is 
to  dry  it  thoroughly.  It  will  not  ferment 
except  when  moist  and  warm.  Hoad  dust, 
dry  earth,  sawdust,  plaster,  will  all  help 
dry  it.  Plaster  does  more,  as  it  has  some 
chemical  action  to  hold  the  ammonia.  A 
plan  which  we  recommend  is  to  use  plaster 
freely  under  the  roosts,  scrape  out  often 
and  store  in  a  dry  place.  The  hard  lumps 
can  be  crushed  and  sifted  when  needed  and 
mixed  with  chemicals  as  described  in  “The 
Business  Hen.” 


SEEDING  ALFALFA  ON  LONG  ISLAND. 

“The  Agronomist”  advises  us  to  seed 
Alfalfa  in  Spring,  while  The  R.  N.-Y.  says 
seed  alone  in  August.  Are  there  special 
conditions  which  make  Spring  seeding  safer 
on  Long  Island?  reader. 

Our  experience  in  New  Jersey  is  in  favor 
of  August  seeding.  When  sown  in  the 
Spring  on  our  weedy  farms  the  young  Al¬ 
falfa  plants  have  a  hard  struggle  for  life, 
especially  in  a  cool,  wet  Spring.  In  August 
the  Alfalfa  grows  faster,  while  most  weeds 
have  spent  themselves.  Most  of  our  reports 
from  along  the  Atlantic  Coast  show  much 
the  same  condition.  Long  Island  may  be 
different.  We  should  like  to  know.  Here 
are  three  reports : 

I  have  not  seen  anyone  who  feels  that 
Alfalfa  is  a  success  on  Long  Island.  There 
are  some  fine  fields.  I  don’t  know  of  any¬ 
one  who  has  bad  better  results  from  plant¬ 
ing  earlier  than  August.  The  high  price  of 
hay  turns  farmers  toward  Alfalfa,  and  per¬ 
haps  it  is  because  of  the  very  dry  Summers 
we  have  had  of  late  that  it  does  not  do 
well.  NAT.  TUTHILL. 

Suffolk  Co.,  L.  I. 

My  personal  experience  with  Alfalfa  is 
rather  limited,  but,  taking  into  considera¬ 
tion  the  liability  of  trouble  from  drought, 
weeds,  etc.,  also  my  experience  with  the 
other  clovers,  I  think  the  proper  time  to 
seed  Alfalfa  is  in  the  late  Summer,  after 
August  20.  On  June  9  of  this  year  I  care¬ 
fully  inspected  a  field  of  Alfalfa  sown  about 
August  20,  1910,  and  I  call  it  a  perfect 
stand.  It  stood  knee  high,  the  ground 
thoroughly  covered,  no  weeds  showing,  and 
the  heads  not  yet  showing.  Another  piece 
sown  in  the  Spring  of  1909  came  up  well 
and  made  a  fair  growth  last  Summer,  but 
this  Spring  is  quite  uneven  and  many  weeds 
Showing.  H.  R.  TALMAGE. 

Long  Island. 

I  have  seeded  Alfalfa  in  the  Spring  and 
Fall  on  Long  Island.  With  the  Spring  seed- 
ings  I  made  failures  on  account  of  the 
weeds  having  a  full  season  to  flourish.  With 
the  Fall  seedings  I  never  met  with  failure. 
One  of  the  best  stands  I  have  was  sown  in 
August  after  a  crop  of  oats  and  Canada 
peas  had  been  removed.  The  land,  a  clover 
sod.  had  been  used  for  growing  turnips  and 
seeded  with  rye  at  the  last  cultivation  of  the 
turnips.  The  turnips  were  topped  in  the 
field  and  tops  left  on  the  land.  During  the 
Winter  it  was  given  a  heavy  coat  of  manure 
fresh  from  the  stables  and  plowed  under  in 
the  Spring.  One  ton  of  lime  to  the  acre 
was  put  on  the  furrow  and  harrowed  in.  and 
the  oats  and  peas  sown.  After  removing 
the  oats  and  peas,  the  stubble  was  cut  up 
with  a  disk  harrow  about  once  a  week  until 
a  fair  rain  fell  (about  the  10th  of  August) 
when  800  pounds  of  a  5-8-8  fertilizer  was 
applied  per  acre,  harrowed  in  thoroughly 
and  20  pounds  of  seed  per  acre  sown.  I 
have  heard  reports  of  Fall  seeding  on  heavy 
loam  having  the  top  roots  broken  by  the 
freezing  and  heaving  of  the  soil,  but  have 
never  seen  anything  of  the  kind.  My  land 
is  a  sandy  loam.  I  have  a  small  piece  of 
Alfalfa  which  has  been  cut  eight  years,  and 
it  lo  good  for  eight  or  more  years  yet. 
The  first  crop  was  cut  this  season,  June  1, 
when  it  was  36  inches  high  and  just  com¬ 
ing  in  hloom.  The  second  stand  is  now  18 
inches  high.  I  would  not  turn  under  a 
heavy  growth  of  anything  just  before  seed¬ 
ing.  The  seed  bed  should  be  fine  but  firm. 

Long  Island.  frank  b.  smith. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

— .  =S 

To  the  Last 

Mouthful 

one  enjoys  a  bowl  of 
crisp,  delightful 

Post 
T  oasties 

with  cream  or  stewed 
fruit — or  both. 

Some  people  make 
an  entire  breakfast  out 
of  this  combination. 

Try  it! 

“The  Memory  Lingers* 


This  monogram  on  the 
radiator  stands  for  all 
you  can  ask  in  a  motor  car 


You  Can  Now  Buy  the 
Famous  Chalmers  “  30  ” 
Fully  Equipped — $1500 

This  1912  car,  at  its  new  price,  in¬ 
cluding  full  equipment  and  all  the  1912 
improvements,  sets  a  new  standard  of 
motor  car  values. 

Last  year  this  car  sold  for  $1750,  equipped 
with  magneto,  gas  lamps,  top  and  windshield. 
Think  of  it  this  year — refined  and  improved  in 
every  possible  way,  with  thoroughly  ventilated 
fore-door  bodies,  inside  control,  magneto,  gas 
lamps,  Prest-O-Lite  tank,  and  including  also 
Chalmers  mohair  top  and  automatic  wind¬ 
shield — for  $1500! 

Please  remember  that  this  is  the  sturdy  car 
that  was  driven  208  miles  a  day  for  100  days  in 
succession;  that  made  the  trip  from  Denver  to 
Mexico  City;  that  has  never  been  defeated  in 
any  sort  of  contest  by  a  car  of  its  own  price 
and  power;  that  holds  the  world’s  light  car 
speed  record;  that  won  the  hardest  Glidden 
Tour  ever  held. 

Remember  that  this  car  has  given  satis¬ 
factory  service  to  15,000  owners;  that  it  is 
backed  by  an  absolute  guarantee  for  a  year. 

We  really  believe,  whether  you  buy  a  Chalmers  or 
not,  it  is  worth  your  while  to  see  the  new  cars. 

We  shall  be  very  glad  to  send  you  our  new  catalog, 
and  an  introduction  to  our  dealer  nearest  to  you. 


Chalmers  Motor  Company,  Detroit,  Mich, 


Including  magneto,  gas  and  oil  lamps, 
Prest-O-Lite  tank,  top,  windshield,  fore¬ 
doors,  horn,  tools.  M ade  also  as  4-passen¬ 
ger  Torpedo,  and  Pony  Tonneau  and  Tor¬ 
pedo  Roadster. 


tq  t j-y  serves  double  purpose  of  a 

if  lore  nve  c°ver.cr°P  or  a  grain  crop.  In  either 

J  case  it  pays  to  use  the  right  kind  of 
fertilizer  on  it — the  kind  that  contains  enough  Potash  to  balance 
the  phosphate.  The  mixtures  we  have  told  you  to  use  on  wheat 
are  suitable  for  rye,  but  the 

POTASH 

may  be  even  higher,  since  rye  uses 
more  Potash  than  wheat. 

Use  from  200  to  400  pounds  per  acre  of  a 
fertilizer  containing  6  to  8  per  cent,  of  potash. 
If  your  dealer  does  not  carry  potash 
salts,  write  us  for  prices  stating  amount 
wanted,  and  ask  for  free  books  on  Fall 
Fertilizers  and  Home  Mixing.  They 
will  show  you  how  to  save  money  and 
increase  profits  in  your  fertilizer  pur¬ 
chases.  Potash  Pays. 

GERMAN  KALI  WORKS.  Inc. 

Baltimore:  Continental  Bldif. 
Chicago  :  Monadnock  Block 
New  Orleans:  Whitney  Central  Bank  Bldif. 


HARVESTER  with  Binder  Attach¬ 
ment  cuts  and  throws  in  piles  on  har¬ 
vester  or  winrow.  Man  and  horse  cuts 
and  shocks  equal  witli  a  Corn  Binder. 
Sold  in  every  State.  Price  820  with 
Binder  Attachment.  S.  C.  MONTGOMERY,  of  Texaline, 
Tex.,  writes:— “The  harvester  has  proven  all  you  claim 
for  it,  With  the  assistance  of  one  man  cut  and  bound  over 
100  acres  of  Corn, Kaffir  Corn  and  Maize  last  year.”  Testi¬ 
monials  and  catalog  free,  showing  pictures  of  harvester. 
NEW  PROCESS  MEG.  CO.,  Salina,  Kan. 


FUMA 


iiPIIII  Jft  ”,  kills  Prairie  Dogs, 
™  m  ™  Woodchucks,  Gophers, 

and  Grain  Insects. 
“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small."  So  the  weovil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

*with  “  Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  are  doing. 

EDWARD  R.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE. 


Sold  by  Grocers. 


nodes 

Postum  Cereal  Company,  Limited, 
Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  U.  S.  A. 

V _ 


(POWN  FENCED 


n* 

Strongest,  most  durable  fence 
made.  Heaviest,  closest  wires.  Double 
•  galvanized.  Practically  indestructible.  Stock  ^ 

I  strong  Chicken  tight.  1 4  to  35c  per  rod.  Sample  free.  W e  pay  frtT 

|Th^lrowinjenc^^Vir^o^)epl^^levelandj0hl<^ 


.  .  .  MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY  .  .  . 

(lhe  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Send  for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  “  Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


754. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


A  Fine  Country. — It  would  be  hard 
to  find  a  richer  and  more  prosperous 
farming  section  than  a  strip  of  land  in 
Southern  Michigan  embracing  Lenawee 
County  and  some  nearby  territory.  There 
may  be  streaks  of  lighter  or  leaner  land 
here  and  there,  but  for  the  most  part 
this  section  is  fit  for  a  garden.  You 
might  almost  be  justified  in  scraping  up 
this  soil  and  shipping  it  East  to  be  used 
as  a  fertilizer.  It  would  do  your  heart 
good  to  ride  through  this  level  country 
and  see  the  fields  of  clover  or  Alfalfa, 
or  the  corn  which  comes  in  after  them. 
Adrian  is  the  center  of  this  garden  spot, 
and  the  cream  of  this  fat  soil  pours  into 
her  lap.  The  town  is  one  of  the  hand¬ 
somest  in  the  country.  Whoever  laid  it 
out  in  the  beginning  had  vision  and 
thought  for  the  future.  The  streets  are 
lined  with  rows  of  glorious  trees.  Any 
of  you  who  have  been  in  the  old  towns 
of  New  England  know  how  the  great 
elms  line  the  streets  and  beautify  them. 
These  towns  have  150  years  the  start  of 
Adrian,  yet  the  Michigan  town  has  trees 
which  will  rank  with  their  best  in  size 
and  beauty.  It  is  a  “home  town”  fit  to 
handle  and  enjoy  the  best  which  this 
rich  country  can  pour  into  it.  Adrian 
had  a  home-comers’  celebration  last  week, 
and  I  went  back  with  the  rest. 

Coming  Back. — You  will  say,  of  course, 
what  business  has  a  Cape  Cod  Yankee 
going  “home”  to  a  Western  town! 
Home  is  not  entirely  confined  to  the 
place  where  one  is  born — it  is  anywhere 
that  you  can  pick  up  something  of  the 
home  spirit.  I  got  some  of  the  most 
essential  things  of  life  out  of  Lenawee 
County.  I  want  to  tell  you  about  them 
in  the  hope  that  some  of  you  who  have 
good  homes  and  fair  competence  may 
pass  them  along.  It  was  31  years  ago  on 
a  cold,  stormy  December  day  that  I  came 
tramping  into  Adrian.  I  had  been 
through  one  term  at  the  agricultural 
college,  had  exhausted  my  funds,  and 
had  no  place  to  go  to.  I  had  been  can¬ 
vassing  for  a  book,  but  the  life  of  a  book 
agent  is  no  path  to  glory  at  best.  Dogs 
had  snapped  at  me  and  got  into  my 
clothes,  servants  had  slammed  the  door, 
the  “lady  of  the  house”  had  called  names 
which  would  not  look  pretty  here  and 
farmers  had  meditated  assault  and  bat¬ 
tery.  I  was  unfitted  for  the  job,  had  an 
unpopular  book,  and  some  fellow  ahead 
of  me  had  left  a  bad  reputation.  It  was 
a  dull  Winter  just  after  a  hard  panic, 
and  country  towns  with  little  manufac¬ 
turing  could  not  offer  work.  Now  a 
wonderful  milk  condensery  has  been  built 
at  Adrian,  and  every  farm  for  miles 
around  can  be  made  into  a  Winter  fac¬ 
tory.  These  mighty  crops  of  Alfalfa, 
clover  and  corn  can  be  made  into  milk, 
and  sold  at  a  fair  price  and  sure  pay. 
In  those  old  days  nothing  of  that  was 
possible  and  there  was  little  besides 
chores  to  do. 

I  well  remember  how  I  wandered  on 
through  the  town  into  one  of  the  leaner 
streaks  of  soil  I  have  mentioned.  Farm¬ 
ers  were  kind,  but  no  one  could  or  would 
buy  a  book.  At  last  I  heard  of  a  college 
boy  who  was  teaching  a  country  school 
and  I  made  for  his  “institution  of  learn¬ 
ing.”  I  am  giving  these  details  because 
just  such  things  are  going  on  in  real  life 
all  the  time.  That  young  man  would 
have  been  justified  in  dropping  me  at  the 
school-house  door,  saying  “good-bye”  and 
forgetting  about  it.  But  this  one  made 
me  drive  home  with  him  to  spend  the 
night.  It  took  very  little  urging,  for  it 
had  been  long  since  I  had  seen  the  real 
lights  of  home.  After  supper  we  all 
sat  around  the  kitchen  stove  and  talked. 

I  look  back  to  that  evening  in  that 
humble  farmhouse  as  one  of  those  pic¬ 
tures  of  memory  that  can  never  be 
rubbed  out.  My  father  had  been  killed 
in  the  Civil  War.  His  death  had  denied 
us  what  I  call  the  God-given  right  to  a 
home  and  that  happy  childhood  which 
ought  to  be  the  birthright  of  every  man 
and  woman.  As  I  wandered  on  that 
Winter  it  had  begun  to  come  to  me  that 
somehow  society  had  gone  wrong. 
These  homes  and  all  this  comfort  that 
I  passed  by  had  been  made  secure  and 
possible  because  men  like  my  father  had 
given  their  lives  for  their  country.  Yet 
here  was  I  shut  out  from  what  I  needed. 
That  is  one  good  way  to  start  a  man 
or  boy  along  the  road  to  bitterness,  and 
when  he  gets  there  he  is  a  poor  citizen. 

I  have  no  doubt  there  were  plenty  of 


July  15, 


men  in  that  section  abundantly  able  to 
give  money  to  such  a  young  man.  It 
would  have  been  the  worst  thing  that 
could  have  happened  to  him.  It  is  next 
to  impossible  to  buy  the  things  which 
are  really  essential  in  making  a  man. 
What  I  needed  and  what  most  young 
people  must  have  is  the  feeling  that 
somewhere  on  earth  is  a  place  where  he 
can  go  and  cut  a  little  slice  of  home  for 
himself.  That  is  what  that  Lenawee 
County  farmer  gave  me.  He  was  not 
rich.  There  was  really  little  that  I  could 
do  even  to  pay  for  my  board,  but  they 
made  a  place  and  held  me  there  all 
Winter.  I  can  well  remember  how  they 
had  raised  a  fine  colt.  It  was  to  be  sold 
in  Spring — the  money  used  to  pay  taxes 
and  $10  for  me,  though  I  doubt  if  I  had 
earned  it.  The  colt  ran  away,  smashed 
into  a  tree  and  broke  his  neck !  When 
I  left  in  the  Spring  to  make  the  struggle 
to  get  through  college  that  man  told  me 
he  had  no  money  to  pay,  but  that  he 
wanted  me  to  feel  that  his  farm  was  my 
home  until  I  could  get  one  of  my  own. 

This  good  man  died  some  years  ago, 
but  when  I  went  to  Adrian  I  found  his 
wife  still  living  on  the  old  farm.  I  can¬ 
not  tell  you  how  much  good  it  did  me 
to  be  able  to  tell  her  just  what  that 
Winter  in  her  home  meant  to  me.  I 
met  another  family  who  backed  me  up 
with  solid  help  when  I  taught  school. 
They  threw  bread  on  the  waters  30  years 
ago.  I  did  my  best  to  hand  it  back  to 
them  buttered  with  words  at  least. 

I  can  have  only  one  good  excuse  for 
all  this  talk  about  myself  and  those  old 
days.  Human  nature  is  ever  the  same. 
There  are  still  young  men  and  women 
with  dreams  and  ambitions  which  seem 
chained  to  hard  circumstances  and  con¬ 
ditions.  They  are  strong  and  willing, 
but  there  will  surely  come  times  to  them 
when  courage  fails  and  hope  grows  dim. 
I  cannot  greatly  blame  them  at  times  for 
wanting  to  quit  and  give  up  the  struggle. 
If  that  farmer  had  not  taken  me  into  his 
home  that  Winter  I  fear  that  I  should 
have  given  up  and  drifted  down  with  the 
tide.  That  would  have  meant  a  lifelong 
regret,  for  one  must  know  as  he  drifts 
on  that  the  pleasant  places  and  the  land 
of  dreams  are  all  up-stream.  That  Win¬ 
ter  helped  to  save  me,  and  what  I  am 
getting  at  is  the  fact  that  all  over  this 
country  are  farmers  with  good  farms 
and  comfortable  homes  who  may  find 
opportunity  to  do  just  what  that  Michi¬ 
gan  farmer  did.  I  know  there  are 
frauds  and  scamps  abroad  who  would 
steal  or  betray  such  hospitality.  We 
have  had  a  bite  or  so  from  them;  yet 
strangers  are  not  all  so,  and  there  are 
still  thousands  of  deserving  young  peo¬ 
ple  who  are  hungry  and  thirsty  for  a 
little  slice  of  home.  You  know  that  Dr. 
Bailey  in  his  recent  articles  said  that 
farmers  can  help  the  cause  of  agricul¬ 
tural  education  by  giving  students 
a  chance  to  work  on  their  farms. 
In  another  sense,  and  perhaps  a  larger 
one,  I  have  for  years  believed  that 
our  farms  have  an  even  greater 
mission  than  that .  of  feeding  the 
country.  We  are,  of  course,  told  that 
the  farms  must  provide  blood  and  bone 
for  society,  but  I  think  even  more  than 
that  the  farm  home  must  be  expected 
to  heal  the  broken  and  bruised  outcasts 
who  are  trying  to  fight  their  way  with¬ 
out  a  home.  For  instance,  there  are 
thousands  of  childless  homes  in  this 
country.  There  are  lonely  farms  with 
only  dim  memories  of  child  life  which 
ought  to  be  bubbling  and  sparkling  with 


the  joy  of  youth.  And  while  such  things 
are  true  there  are  thousands  of  little 
ones  growing  up  sad-eyed  and  weary- 
faced  before  their  time  because  they  do 
not  have  their  little  slice  of  home.  It 
is  not  for  me  to  tell  people  their  duty, 
but  I  do  wish  that  some  of  these  little 
ones  could  be  planted  in  those  sad  farm 
'homes.  They  would  act  like  the  bacteria 
of  hope  and  joy,  and  the  good  Lord  only 
knows  how  much  good  would  result  to 
the  world.  There  is  a  business  side  to 
this,  too.  A  few  days  ago  a  man  came 
and  asked  me  to  take  his  boy  for  the 
Summer.  His  mother  is  not  well,  and 
the  father  is  busy.  These  parents  would, 
no  doubt,  pay  well  to  have  that  boy 
cared  for  on  a  good  farm.  I  know 
some  school  teachers  who  have  married 
farmers.  They  are  not  strong  enough 
to  do  all  the  hard  work,  but  they  could 
take  several  of  these  motherless  boys, 
care  for  and  teach  them  and  make  more 
than  enough  to  have  a  strong  woman 
to  do  their  work.  At  any  rate  that  spot 
in  Michigan  of  which  Adrian  is  the  hub 
is  “home”  to  me.  Farmers  elsewhere 
may  start  up  and  claim  greater  prosper¬ 
ity,  and  that  they  have  entertained  real 
angels  in  disguise.  I  will  not  dispute  it 
• — but  that  spot  is  “home.”  h.  w.  c. 


Why  the  Strawberries  Failed. 

H.  C.  T.,  Saratoga,  N.  Y. — I  planted  in 
rows  2%  feet  wide  and  two  feet  apart  in 
the  row,  100  Bubaeb  strawberry  plants 
April  20,  1910,  cultivated  and  cared  for 
them,  and  I  produced  very  large  crowns, 
keeping  the  runners  off  all  Summer.  People 
who  saw  them  say  they  never  saw  finer. 
Many  of  the  crowns  were  18  inches  in  di¬ 
ameter,  and  14  to  16  inches  high,  with 
leaves  nearly  as  large  as  a  man’s  hand.  I 
mulched  them  with  leaves  in  November.  In 
early  April  I  parted  the  mulch  or  leaves  in 
middle  of  rows,  as  soon  as  frost  was  out  of 
the  ground  ;  dug  down  a  little  and  worked 
in  some  well-rotted  manure.  This  I  did 
with  a  view  of  increasing  the  size  of  the 
berries.  I  hoed  shallow  a  few  times  until 
the  crowns  grew  so  large  that  I  believed 
it  unnecessary  to  continue.  They  blossomed 
in  May  and  my  prospects  were  for  a  very 
large  yield.  Many  of  the  crowns  had  from 
80  to  120  berries  on  them,  as  I  counted 
them.  Neighbors  came  to  see  them  and 
some  predicted  a  yield  of  two  quarts  to  the 
hill.  During  the  intensely  hot  dry  spell  in 
May  they  were  well  watered  with  a  garden 
hose  so  they  did  not  suffer  from  drought  nor 
did  the  young  berries  scorch  from  the  heat 
of  the  sun,  as  the  foliage  protected  them.  I 
have  not  as  yet,  nor  shall  I  be  able  to  pick 
half  a  dozen  quarts  of  berries.  I  have  not 
picked  a  pint  of  good  full-size  ripe  fruit. 
Many  of  the  berries  are  not  much  larger 
than  a  cherry  seed,  rather  flat  in  shape,  with 
hard  core.  Not  one  person  who  has  seen 
them  has  ventured  a  guess  as  to  the  cause  of 
my  failure.  When  they  were  in  blossom  I 
counted  on  100  quarts.  I  have  not  got  a 
half  dozen.  Will  you  publish  this,  so  that, 
the  readers  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  can  give  me 
the  cause  of  my  failure? 

Ans. — You  evidently  planted  an  im¬ 
perfect  flowered  variety  alone.  Some 

varieties  of  strawberries  are  perfect 
flowered — that  is  the  flowers  have  both 
male  and  female  organs.  Thus  they 
are  self-fertilizing  and  can  produce  good 
berries.  Others  are  imperfect,  that  is, 
they  have  only  the  female  organs  and 
do  not  produce  pollen  with  which  to 

fertilize.  Thus,  unless  some  perfect 

variety  is  close  by  these  imperfect  plants 
cannot  produce  good  berries.  They 

make  good  flowers,  but  unless  these 
flowers  are  fertilized  by  pollen  brought 
by  the  wind  or  by  insects  nothing  but 
a  “button”  or  nubbin  will  grow.  The 
variety  you  planted  would  have  given  a 
good  yield  had  there  been  some  perfect 
variety  planted  near  it. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  got  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Clean 


Stalls 


You  can  keep  your 
stalls  and  cows  clean 
■with  half  the  labor- 
save  time,  and  feed, 
and  1  ncrease  your 
profits  because  o  f  the 
exclusive  patented  features  of  the 

James  Sanitary  Barn  Equipment 

Saveslts  costln  a  year’s  time.  Without  the 
James  Equipment  you  spend  an  amountequiva- 
lenttoi  ts  cost!  n  unnecessary  expense  of  barn 
work,  in  wasted  feed,  in  ruined  udders  and  un¬ 
healthy  cows,  so  why  not  have  the  James 
Equipment  to  show  for  the  money  spent— and 
save  the  amount  each  succeeding  year. 

Writefor  Book  No.  8  t  f  interested  in  Stalls 
and  Stanchions— and  Book  No.  9  if  Interested  in 
Litter  or  Feed  Carriers.  Either  or  both  sent 
NFREE.  Be  sure  to  state  number  of  cows  owned. 

KENT  MFC.  CO.,  3l30Cane  St,  Fort  Alkinson,  Wis. 


ROTtFRTSON’S  Off  ATX 
HANGING  STANCHIONS 

have  used  them  for  more 
than  TWENTY  YEARS,  and  they 
have  Riven  the  very  Lest  of  satis- 
fact  on  in  every  way,”  writes 
Justus  If.  Cooley,  M.D.,  Plainfield 
Sanitarium,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

Thirty  days’  trial  on  application 

O.  II.  ROBERTSON 
Wash.  St.,  Forestvillc,  Conn. 


EXCELSIOR  SWING  STANCHION 

Warranted  The  Best.  30  Pats’  Trial 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  when  open 
Noiseless  Simple  Sanitary  Durable 

The  Wasson  Stanchion  Co., 
Box  60,  Culm,  N.  Y. 


When  Business  Demands — When  Pleasure  Calls 

NO  MATTER  where  you  live;  regardless  of  weather  and  road 
conditions,  you  can  pin  your  faith  to  an  International  Auto 
Wagon.  — 

As  a  business  vehicle  it  opens  new  possibilities  for  you.  It 
brings  the  best  markets  for  your  produce,  hours  j 

nearer  your  farm.  It  saves  you  the  cost  of  main- 
taining  a  horse  and  wagon  for  light  work,  saves 
you  the  expense  and  annoyance  of  taking  a  horse 
from  the  field  when  you  need  to  go  to  town.  The 

International  Auto  Wagon 


can  be  used  as  a  pleasure  car  by  adding  a  rear 
seat  and  top.  It  is  .reliable,  economical,  and  de¬ 
cidedly  good  looking. 

International  Auto  Wagon  owners  know  no 
tire  troubles;  they  are  never 
detained  by  snow  or  rain;  in  win¬ 
ter  and  summer  they  go  when  and 
where  you  want  to  go. 


Let  us  tell  you  all  about  the  International 
Auto  Wagon.  We  want  to  show  you  that  the  buy¬ 
ing  of  an  International  is  an  economy  not  an  ex¬ 
pense.  We  can  prove  that  it  will  save  you  money 
and  add  to  your  pleasure.  Write  for  catalogue. 

International  Harvester  Company  of  America 

lOl  Harvester  Building,  (incorporated)  Chicago  USA 


1911. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


766 


Ruralisms 


THE  FEITCHENG  PEACH. 

This  is  a  Chinese  peach  from  the 
Shantung  province,  seed  being  received 
in  this  country  by  the  Plant  Introduc¬ 
tion  Bureau.  It  is  a  late  variety,  com¬ 
ing  into  market  about  the  middle  of 
September  or  October.  It  is  reported 
to  have  such  unusual  keeping  qualities, 
that  it  can  be  kept,  when  wrapped  in 
tissue  paper,  until  February.  Though 
a  clingstone  it  is  luscious,  sweet  and 
aromatic,  and  of  unusual  size,  reach¬ 
ing  a  pound  in  weight,  and  is  so  prized 
by  the  Chinese  that  as  much  as  15  cents 
apiece  is  paid  for  it  in  the  region  where 


yield  would  have  been  obtained  had  the 
rows  each  side  been  but  three  feet  away. 
This  would  have  increased  the  yield  one- 
fourth,  and  had  the  berries  been  grown  un¬ 
der  such  favorable  conditions  as  to  be  all 
large,  and  had  not  one-fourth  of  the  row 
been  nearly  killed  out  by  the  overshadowing 
hedge  in  a  season  of  drought,  the  yield 
would  easily  have  been  double,  or  at  the 
rate  of  nearly  .$1  per  square  rod.  I  might 
add  that  many  berries  were  sampled  before 
any  were  picked  to  sell,  and  two  more  pick¬ 
ings  were  made  which  yielded  more  berries 
not  taken  account  of 

Not  long  ago  I  read  a  statement  from  a 
fruit  grower  that  he  had  been  knocked  out 
of  crops  of  strawberries  and  apples  five 
years  in  succession  by  severe  late  Spring 
frosts,  and  had  gone  out  of  the  berry  busi¬ 
ness,  and  was  considering  the  matter  of 
cutting  down  his  orchards,  but  had  decided 
trying  orchard  heaters  first.  He  is  located 
in  southern  Illinois.  With  warm  sandy  soil 
I  have  many  times  been  able  to  market 
strawberries  with  the  earliest,  and  could  I 


ORCHARD  OF  FEITCHENG  PEACHES  IN  CPIINA.  Fig.  281. 


it  is  grown ;  every  year  the  Feitcheng 
peaches  are  sent  as  a  present  to  the 
Imperial  court  in  Pekin.  The  picture 
shown  at  Fig.  281  is  from  a  photograph 
furnished  by  the  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture,  taken  by  Mr.  Frank  N.  Meyer 
at  Feitcheng,  Shantung,  China,  Septem¬ 
ber  1,  1907.  Scions  were  collected  by 
Mr.  Meyer  from  the  trees  in  this 
orchard,  but  owing  to  the  long  voyage 
to  America  they  arrived  dead.  From 
seeds  secured,  however,  a  plant  is  now 
growing  in  the  Chico,  Cal.,  Gardens 
and  a  large  number  of  budded  plants 
will  be  ready  for  distribution  to  ex¬ 
perimenters  when  this  seedling  has 
fruited  and  shown  its  value. 

STRAWBERRIES  AND  OTHER  THINGS. 

Here  in  northern  Ohio,  about  35  miles 
southeast  from  Cleveland,  we  picked  the  first 
ripe  strawberries  on  the  23d  of  May,  and  on 
Memorial  Pay  had  enough  to  serve  on  the 
table,  and  three  days  later  picked  for  mar¬ 
ket.  The  varieties  were  Senator  Dunlap  and 
Gill.  The  first  gave  beautiful  elongated 
large  dark  crimson  berries,  easily  hulled 
and  of  fine  flavor,  although  a  little  acid. 
This  latter  quality  gave  them  a  capacity  to 
give  a  strawberry  flavor  to  a  large  amount 
of  sugar  and  increase  their  food  value. 

The  Gill  is  an  obtusely  conical  berry 
which  broadens  out  sideways  when  well 
grown,  of  light  scarlet  color  and  somewhat 
neutral  flavor.  While  the  Dunlap  gave  but 
one  ripe  berry  to  a  stem,  here  and  there,  the 
Gill  had  three  or  more  on  every  stem,  thus 
bearing  out  the  catalogue  assertion  that  it 
ripened  a  good  many  berries  at  once.  We 
had  one  row  set  with  2G  plants  and  50  feet 
long.  The  rows  in  the  patch  were  four  feet 
apart,  so  the  Gill  part  must  be  charged  with 
occupying  200  feet  of  ground.  A  little  figur¬ 
ing  shows  that  this  bit  of  ground  would  go 
into  an  acre  217.6  times.  There  were  21 
quarts  of  Dunlap  and  three  of  Gill,  the  for¬ 
mer  requiring  the  picking  over  of  more  than 
11,000  square  feet  of  ground.  The  price  re¬ 
ceived  was  14  cents  per  quart  wholesale.  A 
little  more  figuring  shows  that  at  the  same 
rate  per  acre  the  result  in  dollars  for  one 
picking  would  be  $91.39.  Three  days  later 
three  quarts  more  were  picked  of  the  Gill 
which  sold  in  with  other  larger  and  nicer 
berries  for  10  cents  per  quart.  This  second 
picking  figures  up  $65.28.  Added  to  the 
other  it  makes  $156.67  per  acre  gathered 
at  two  pickings  and  marketed  in  four  days. 
This  would  be  a  very  comfortable  income 
from  an  acre  of  ground  from  a  crop  matur¬ 
ing  so  early  that  a  second  crop  of  something 
else  could  be  raised  on  the  same  ground. 
Tills  short  row  of  Gill  was  at  one  end  abut¬ 
ting  a  wagon  path,  beyond  which  is  a  hedge 
of  trees,  and  an  excessively  dry  Autumn 
made  about  12  feet  of  the  row  a  failure, 
and  less  than  30  berries,  actual  count,  went 
into  the  six  quarts.  In  addition  to  this 
there  was  a  drought  nearly  all  of  May  and 
berry  growers  had  despaired  of  a  decent 
crop,  although  it  finally  proved  that  mulched 
plantations  of  late  varieties  had  not  suf¬ 
fered  so  but  what  timely  rains  revived  them 
and  the  season  has  been  a  fairly  profitable 
one.  The  Gill  berries  were  quite  small,  so 
much  so  that  had  but  one  plant  done  its 
best  and  produced  berries  which  cut  in  two 
and  laid  on  rule  proved  more  than  an  inch 
and  a  half  through,  I  should  have  consid¬ 
ered  the  berry  too  small  to  grow  extensively. 
There  was  still  another  drawback,  and  that 
was  the  dry  September  greatly  limited  run¬ 
ner  making,  and  there  were  not  half  the 
plants  one  should  like  to  have  in  a  properly 
placed  matted  row.  The  plants  are  not  re¬ 
markably  robust,  and  I  know  just  as  good  a 


be  sure  of  exemption  from  frost  I  could  make 
a  small  fortune  in  a  few  years  from  growj 
ing  a  few  acres  like  the  Gill.  But  I  am 
“up  against  it.”  just  as  the  Illinois  man  is. 
I  have  to  gamble  on  the  season  just  as  a 
late  celery  grower  docs  who  cannot  get 
water.  If  I  mulch  I  can  retard  mid-season 
berries  so  as  to  insure  a  cx-op,  but  then  I  am 
no  better  off  than  others,  as  I  get  no  benefit 
from  the  early  soil.  On  the  other  hand 
there  are  growers  for  the  same  market  who 
have  very  backward  cold  land,  and  al¬ 
though  more  liable  to  frost  manage  by 
heavy  mulching  to  carry  the  blooming  period 
along  so  as  to  sell  berries  two  weeks  after 
mine  are  gone,  and  get  $4  a  bushel  easily. 
Two  years  ago  there  was  a  hiatus  in  the 
sti’awberry  supply  owing  to  excessive  rains 
in  southern  Ohio  and  for  a  whole  week  early 
home-grown  berries  sold  from  20  down  to 
15  cents  per  quart  wholesale.  Had  I  had  an 
acre  of  Gill  I  could  have  sold  enough  to  buy 
several  acres  of  ordinary  land.  On  the 
other  hand.  last  year  with  its  continuous 
frosts  would  have  brought  disappointment 
and  a  Pill  of  expense  in  growing  to  be 
mad''  up  from  other  ci'ops. 

Summit  Co.,  Ohio.  n.  b.  pieuce. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
II.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

WRONG  SORT 

Perhaps  Plain  Old  Meat,  Potatoes  and 

Bread  may  He  Against  You  for  a  Time. 

A  change  to  the  right  kind  of  food 
can  lilt  one  from  a  sick  bed.  A  lady  in 
Welden,  Ill.,  says: 

“Last  spring  I  became  bed-fast  with 
severe  stomach  trouble  accompanied  by 
sick  headache.  I  got  worse  and  worse 
until  I  became  so  low  I  could  scarcely 
retain  any  food  at  all,  although  I  tried 
about  every  kind. 

“I  had  become  completely  discour¬ 
aged,  and  given  up  all  hope  and  thought 
I  was  doomed  to  starve  to  death,  until 
one  day  my  husband,  trying  to  find 
something  I  could  retain,  brought  home 
some  Grape-Nuts. 

“To  my  surprise  the  food  agreed  with 
me,  digested  perfectly  and  without  dis¬ 
tress.  I  began  to  gain  strength  at  once. 
My  flesh  (which  had  been  flabby)  grew 
firmer,  my  health  improved  in  every 
way  and  every  day,  and  in  a  very  few 
weeks  I  gained  20  pounds  in  weight. 

“I  liked  Grape-Nuts  so  well  that  for 
four  months  I  ate  no  other  food,  and  al¬ 
ways  felt  as  well  satisfied  after  eating 
as  if  I  had  sat  down  to  a  fine  banquet. 

“I  had  no  return  of-  the  miserable 
sick  stomach  nor  of  the  headaches,  that 
I  used  to  have  when  I  ate  other  food.  I 
am  now  a  well  woman,  doing  all  my 
own  work  again,  and  feel  that  life  is 
worth  living. 

“Grape-Nuts  food  has  been  a  God¬ 
send  to  my  family;  it  surely  saved  my 
life ;  and  my  two  little  boys  have 
thriven  on  it  wonderfully.”  Name  given 
by  Postum  Co.,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

Read  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs.  “There’s  a  reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


Makes  Its  Owner  $200  a  Month! 


How  would  you  like  to  have  two  hundred  dollars  a  month,  net 
profit,  coming  in  right  along?  .Well,  that’s  what  owners  of  Sandwich 


Hay  Presses  make  through 

the  late  summer,  fall  and  winter. 

Some  even  make  $250  to  $300  per 
month.  There’s  no  other  way  on 
earth  that  a  man  can  Invest  a  few 
hundred  dollars  and  make  it  pay  such  certain 
and  big  profits.  No  experience  required— nothing  needed 
except  a  Sandwich  Hay  Baling  equipment  and  a  little 
‘ginger”  and  “push.” 

The  Sandwich  Hay  Press 

You  have  your  choice  between  wood  frame  or  steel;  between  horse  power  and 
engine  power;  between  1  ton  to  5  ton  per  hour  capacity  presses.  We  make  them 
all.  A  most  desirable  model  Is  the  Sandwich  Solid  Steel  Belt-Power  Press,  here 
pictured.  It  is  medium-priced,  yet  has  large  capacity  (2J4to  3'A  tons  per  hour)  and  Is 
very  compact  and  easy  to  move.  Its  steel  Construction  makes  It  almost  everlast¬ 
ing.  Takes  double-size  charge  of  hay  direct  from  fork  to  feeder— no  condenser  box, 
no  foot  tamping,  no  balance  wheels,  no  complicated  gears,  no  high-speed  mecha¬ 
nism  to  wear  out.  This  press  is  the  crowning  achievement  of  our 
50  years’  manufacturing  experience. 

Send  your  name  on  postal  and  we’ll  tell  how 
the  big  money  Is  mode  In  balinff  and  all  about 
the  different  types  of  balers  and  their  cost. 

_  _  EKEEt  IBetter  write  today, 

llnrca  V  I  mi  before  tills  paper  gets 

norse  mislaid  and  you  lose 

R£?  MiMMgBiitiL  .  I|  fp  li= 

SANDWICH  MFG.  CO. 

464  Main  St. 
SANDWICH,  ILL. 


Farmers 

ELLIS 

CHAMPION 
THRESHERS 

are  equally  well  suited  to  thresherinen 
and  r rain  growers  desirous  of  doing  their 
own  work.  Herewith  is  shown  Ellis  Chain 
pion  No.  3  complete  with  stacker,  tailings 
elevator  and  grain  bagger;  operated  by  gasoline, 
steam  or  tread  power.  No  clogging  of  straw  in  these 
threshers.  Made  in  different  sizes  to  meet  nil  needs. 

We  also  make  Tread  and  Sweep  Horse-Power,  circular 
and  drag  saws,  ensilage  cutters,  corn  shellers,  etc.  Send 
for  catalog  giving  full  information  about  these  machines. 


Do  Your  Own  Threshing! 
You  can  save  the  cost  of  a  rig 
in  a  few  years  besides  doing  the 

conveni¬ 
ent  time 


ELLIS  KEYSTONE  AGRICULTURAL  WORKS,  -  Pottstown,  Pa. 


Gasoline 

Engine 


2 1/2  and  3^2  Horsepower 

W1TH  a  DEYO  Engine  you  get  a  square  guar¬ 
antee  that  really  protects  you.  The  equip¬ 
ment  includes  everything  needed  for  immediate 
operation,  except  gasoline.  You  can  pay  more  but 
you  cannot  get  more.  Write  now  for  bulletin  7-B. 

DEYO-MACEY  ENGINE  CO. 

BINGHAMTON,  N.  Y. 

.  .  .  Manufacturers  of  Deyo  Power  Sprayers  . .  . 


ALPHA 


PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 


FRANKLY,  THE 


CHARTER 


is  being  sold  so  largely  in 

BIG  SIZBS 

we  are  not  interested  in 
small  ones. 

From  20  H.  P.  Up  we  have  the 
Best  Gasoline  Engine  as  well  as 
the  Original  of  the  World. 


CHARTER  GAS  ENGINE  CO.,  Box  26,  Sterling,  III.,  U.S.  A. 


gasoline,  distillate,  any  fuel  oil,  perfectly — without  change 

Cheapest,  Safest,  Simplest 

PO  WEIR 


for  barn  work,  house  wrork,  mill  work,  dairy  work,  well 
work,  spraying,  sawing,  irrigation,  electric  lights,  pumping. 

Astonishing  success.  More  power  gallon  for  gallon.  Hun¬ 
dred  less  parts.  Patent  throttle  gives  three  engines  for  the 
price  of  one.  Catalog  free— tells  how .  j 
Double  duty  tank  revolutionizes  coolfag 
systems.  Force  feed  lubricator — p 
feet  oiling.  Automobile  muffler. 

Ball  bearing  governor.  Starts  in¬ 
stantly.  No  pre-heating.  No 
crank.  Experience  unnec¬ 
essary.  Women  can  oper- 
tate.  Vibration  elimina- 
ed.  Quality  high — price 
low.  Comes  complete. 

Always  hungry  for  / 
work— and  thrives  on  it.  \M 

•*>  FREE  TRIAL 

No  obligation  till  satis* 
fied.  10-year  guarantee. 

*■  Engine  Facts'*  fret 
write  for  it  NOW. 

Ellis  Engine  Co., 

51  Mullet!  SI.,  DETROIT,  MICH. 


HARVEY  BOLSTER  SPRINGS 


Soon  save  their  cost.  Make  every  waggon  a  spring 
|  wagon,  therefore  fruit,  vegetables,  eggs,  etc.,  I 
bring  more  money.  Aslc  for  special  proposition.  I 

lUrvey  Spring  Co.,  < l(j- 17th  St.,  itacine,  WU. 


GUARANTEED 


Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 


ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


INOCULATED  ALFALFA  SOIL 

75  cents  per  hundred,  $10.00  per  ton.  F.  O.  B.  Ash* 
ville,  Pa.  Send  for  FRKE  booklet  “  How  to  Grow 
Alfalfa.”  Dr.  H.  S051KRVILLE,  Chest  Springs, 
Cambria  County,  Pa. 


Farmers  Now 
Making  Cheese 

Invention  of  Wonderful  Com¬ 
plete  Cheese-Making  Outfit 
Enables  Every  Farm  Home  to 
Make  Cheese  at  a  big  Profit. 


It  is  no  longer  necessary  for  Farmers  to  buy 
store  cheese  at  a  high  price,  or  sell  their  milk  to 
the  Cheese  Trust  at  a  low  price.  A  clever  inven¬ 
tor  has  perfected  a  Complete  Cheese-Making 
Outfit  which  enables  every  Farmer  to  make  either 
a  soft,  rich,  granular,  or  American  Cheddar 
cheese  right  at  home  either  for  his  own  con¬ 
sumption  or  for  sale  to  Dealers. 

Outfit  consists  of  the  following;  One  Cheese 
Press,  One  Horizontal  Curd  Knife,  One  Perpen¬ 
dicular  Curd  Knife,  One  Dairy  Thermometer, 
One  Bottle  Rennett  Extract,  One  Bottle  Col¬ 
oring  Matter  and  One  Mold.  This  Complete 
Cheese-Making  Outfit  is  sold  direct  from  factory 
to  farm  at  one  small  profit  over  actual  cost  to 
manufacture.  It  is  simple,  inexpensive,  easily 
operated  and  pays  for  itself  in  a  very  short  time. 

Capacity  of  this  Outfit  is  from  25  to  40  quarts, 
making  a  cheese  weighing  from  eight  to  ten 
pounds.  With  milk  selling  around  80  and  90  cents 
per  hundred,  any  Farmer  can  save  about  one- 
third  of  the  price  he  pays  for  store  cheese,  and 
at  the  same  time  have  an  outlet  for  either  his 
whole  or  skimmed  milk.  This  excellent  home¬ 
made  cheese  sells  readily  to  the  Dealer  at  a  big 
profit,  either  for  cash  or  in  exchange  for  goods. 

This  wonderful  Complete  Cheese-Making  Outfit 
is  manufactured  by  the  Holland  Sporting  Goods 
Mfg.  Co.,  Dept.  E  Holland,  Mich.  Every  Farmer 
should  write  them  for  full  description  of  the  Out¬ 
fit,  prices,  etc.,  and  exact  directions  telling  how 
to  make  cheese  at  a  profit  right  on  the  farm. 


760 

The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes 

Established  i860 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 

Herbert  W.  Collingwood,  President  and  Editor. 

John-  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  P.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Royle,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union.  $2.M,  equal  to  8s.  6d.,  or 
8>£  marks,  or  10>£  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 


Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 


Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line — 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  tons  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 


“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  trifling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  bo 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 

TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 

known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

Some  of  our  readers  are  cursed  by  the  cutworms, 
yet  think  birds  are  a  blessing.  The  poisoned  bait 
will  kill  many  birds  if  left  exposed.  It  will  do  little 
good  to  drill  the  poisoned  bran  into  the  ground.  A 
better  plan  is  to  put  the  “bait”  under  shingles  or 
leaves.  Bordeaux  mixture  or  tobacco  will  help  to 
repel  the  cutworms. 

* 

That  story  of  life  on  a  Texas  dairy  farm  will 
make  some  of  our  cow  men  thoughtful.  Here  is  a 
place  where  the  cows  are  fed  on  cactus,  and  milked 
by  machinery,  where  the  manure  and  waste  are  piped 
away  without  handling  and  the  men  sleep  through 
the  afternoon !  That  is  possible  in  southern  Texas, 
but  let  no  back-to-the-lander  figure  to  try  it  in  New 
York!  This  farm  diary  department  is  showing  us 
what  a  range  of  country  and  work  The  R.  N.-Y.  cov¬ 
ers.  We  do  not  believe  there  is  a  paper  published  that 

can  quite  match  it  in  these  respects. 

* 

Among  the  farmers’  organizations  in  this  country 
that  are  making  good  is  the  Louisiana  Lespedeza 
Growers’  Association.  This  organization  of  southern 
farmers  aims  to  spread  the  culture  of  Lespedeza 
striata,  or  Japan  clover.  On  the  old  cotton  fields  of 
Louisiana,  where  the  boll  weevil  is  ruining  the  cot¬ 
ton,  Japan  clover  is  coming  in  to  build  up  the  land 
and  give  greater  profit  than  cotton  ever  did.  Its 
culture  is  spreading  all  over  the  State.  The  plant 
is  not  a  new  one.  Known  for  years,  it  was  only  after 
the  boll  weevil  began  its  destructive  work  that  farmers 
were  driven  to  it.  Thousands  of  acres  are  being 
seeded,  and  it  is  pronounced  superior  even  to  Alfalfa 
for  many  parts  of  the  South.  Such  an  organization 
can  do  great  things  for  a  State  by  constantly  urging 

a  trial  of  some  useful  crop. 

* 

In  the  rush  of  public  events  during  the  past  year 
many  people  seem  to  have  forgotten  the  “Ballinger 
incident.”  Mr.  Ballinger  was  Secretary  of  the  In-> 
terior,  and  under  his  direction  one  of  the  most  valu¬ 
able  tracts  of  coal  and  mineral  land  was  about  to  be 
handed  over  to  a  corporation.  The  scheme  was  ex¬ 
posed  by  Gifford  Pinchot,  at  that  time  Chief  Forester. 
He  showed  the  crime  of  permitting  the  public  re¬ 
sources  to  be  handed  out  in  this  way.  For  this  act 
he  was  driven  out  of  office.  After  a  partisan  investi¬ 
gation  Mr.  Ballinger  was  exonerated,  but  he  finally 
left  the  Cabinet.  Now,  the  Interior  Department  has 
endorsed  Mr.  Pinchot’s  position  by  refusing  to  let 
this  private  claim  go  through.  Mr.  Pinchot  did  a 
great  service  to  his  country  when  he  stood  up  and 
exposed  this  attempt  to  steal  public  property.  But 
what  about  President  Taft?  He  held  on  to  Bal¬ 
linger  and  let  him  finally  go  “with  deep  regret.”  The 
public  must  never  forget  Ballinger.  He  represents 
the  element  of  exploiters  who  would  rob  the  coun¬ 
try  of  its  water,  coal,  oil  and  minerals  and  turn  them 
over  to  monopoly  for  development. 


THE)  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

days !  The  farmer  can  do  nothing.  The  commission 
house  offers  to  bring  half  a  dozen  men  to  swear  that 
the  potatoes  were  dumped.  We  do  not  believe  this 
lot  went  bad,  but  it  would  be  hard  if  not  impossible 
to  make  any  case  against  the  commission  house.  Our 
belief  is  that  some  lofcs  probably  were  defective  and 
the  house  settled  with  the  men  who  were  most  likely 
to  make  trouble,  or  who  followed  their  shipments.  In 
such  cases  the  distant  shipper,  especially  the  smaller 
one,  has  no  show  whatever.  We  have  hundreds  of 
such  cases,  many  of  them  worse,  every  year.  That 
is  why  we  favor  the  principle  in  the  Collin  bill  which 
the  lawyers  and  dealers  in  the  New  York  Legisla¬ 
ture  defeated.  That  principle  must  be  made  a  part 

of  the  law.  It  will  do  us  more  good  than  the  tariff. 

* 

We  understand  you  to  say  there  are  13  farmers  in  the 
New  York  Assembly.  Will  you  give  us  their  names  and 
tell  where  they  come  from?  j.  l.  w. 

Here  are  the  names  taken  from  the  legislative 
manual.  These  gentlemen  give  their  occupation  as 
“farmer.”  Some  of  them  we  know  are  genuine 
farmers — others  are  more  in  the  line  of  “agricul¬ 
turists.” 

Henry  E.  H.  Brereton . Warren  County 

Frank  M.  Collin . Yates  County 

C.  W.  Cosad . Seneca  County 

Benj.  F.  Gould . Niagara  County 

Robt.  E.  Gregg . Lewis  County 

John  C.  Myers . » . Schenectady  County 

J.  S.  Parker . Washington  County 

Walter  A.  Shephardson . Chenango  County 

Sam.  C.  Waring . Ulster  County 

Frank  A.  Waters . Orleans  County 

Edw.  H.  White .  Monroe  County 

Thomas  II.  Wilson . Ontario  County 

Albert  Yeomans . .Wayne  County 

We  have  also  been  asked  to  print  the  names  of  the 
representatives  who  voted  for  the  Collin  bill.  Here 
they  are  with  their  stated  occupations : 

A.  S.  Beach . Tioga . Pharmacist 

Richard  A.  Brace . Montgomery  . Merchant 

Judson  Bridenbecker . Herkimer  . Insurance 

Clarence  Bryant . Fulton  &  Hamilton  .  Treasurer 

Ellsworth  J.  Cheney ....  Cattaraugus . Merchant 

J.  M.  Collin . Yates  . Farmer 

Henry  A.  Constantine. . .  .Niagara  . Lawyer 

C.  W.  Cosad . Seneca  . Farmer 

Kirk  B.  Delano . Madison  . Banker 

Nelson  W.  Drummond ..  .Cayuga  . Lawyer 

J.  K.  Evans . Sullivan  . Merchant 

Benj.  F.  Gould . Niagara  . Farmer 

Robt.  E.  Gregg . Lewis  . Farmer 

J.  C.  Hackett . New  York . Real  Estate 

HarolB  .T.  riinman . Albany  . Lawyer 

Fred.  A.  Hoyt . Dutchess  . Lawyer 

Wm.  T.  Keyes . Monroe  . Merchant 

Oliver  G.  LaReau . Erie  . Real  Estate 

J.  W.  Manley . Oneida  . . . 

Chester  A.  Miller . Otsego  . Publisher 

J.  Lewis  Patrie . Greene  . Lawyer 

Randall  R.  Saunders. .  .Columbia  . Newspaper 

F.  A.  Waters . Orleans  . Farmer 

John  Seely  . Steuben  . Physician 

Geo.  Washburn . Ulster .  Manufacturer 

Thomas  Shannon . Steuben  . Lawyer 

S.  C.  Waring . Ulster  . Farmer 

Fred  Sheide  . Suffolk  . Manufacturer 

John  L.  Sullivan . Chautauqua . Lawyer 

D.  C.  Talmadge . Suffolk  . Manufacturer 

R.  B.  Waters . Albany  . Newspaper 

C.  L.  Wheeler . Delaware  . Merchant 

T.  B.  Wilson . Ontario  . Farmer 

J.  C.  Winters,  Jr . Livingston  . Manufacturer 

Other  members  of  the  Legislature  voted  against 
the  bill  or  were  absent.  If  the  representative  from 
your  county  voted  against  this  bill  get  after  him  at 
once  and  find  out  why.  We  shall  chase  this  thing 
up  until  the  principle  of  that  Collin  hill  is  made  a. 
part  of  the  law  and  enforced.  This  thing  of  regu¬ 
lating  commission  men  is  of  greater  importance  to 
farmers  than  the  tariff. 

* 

The  National  Irrigation  Congress  is  not  only  ad¬ 
vocating  putting  water  on  land,  hut  also  taking  water 
away.  There  are  in  the  country  80,000,000  acres  of 
swamp  and  overflowed  land  capable  of  drainage. 
Once  drained  this  land  would  become  very  produc¬ 
tive,  for  the  drainings  from  the  hills  have  been 
for  years  gathered  in  these  low  places.  In  order  to 
make  a  strong  argument  in  favor  of  this  swamp  soil 
a  statement  is  made  about  Jerry  Moore,  the  South 
Carolina  boy,  who  grew  228  bushels  of  corn  on  an 
acre : 

But  how  did  this  boy  obtain  his  enormous  yield? 
Simply  by  going  into  the  swamps  near  his  farm  and  tak¬ 
ing  200  wagon  loads  of  the  rich  swamp  dirt,  which  he 
scattered  over  his  field  the  first  Winter.  This  he  did 
that  Winter  merely  as  a  moans  of  fertilizing  his  land. 
The  second  Winter  he  made  up  his  mind  to  go  after  the 
corn  raising  record,  for  which  a  good  prize  had  been 
offered,  so  he  took  300  wagon  loads  of  swamp  dirt  the 
second  winter  and  put  it  on  his  field. 

He  also  used  45  loads  of  manure.  There  is  no 


J  uiy  ao, 


*  question  about  the  amount  of  plant  food  in  swamp 

Last  Fall  a  farmer  in  New  Jersey  made  a  shipment  soil  or  muck,  but  most  of  those  who  imitate  Jerry 


of  sweet  potatoes  to  a  well-known  commission  house. 
These  potatoes  came  out  of  a  bin  of  sound  stock.  A 
basket  of  them  selected  at  the  same  time  remained 
in  a  shed  six  weeks  and  were  firm  and  solid.  This 
shipment  was  two  days  on  the  way.  Three  days 
later  the  farmer  received  notice  that  the  potatoes 
rotted  so  badly  that  they  were  dumped.  He  was 
ordered  to  pay  about  $6.50  “freight  and  cartage.”  It 
is  a  wonder  they  did  not  add  commission  on  this 
amount !  The  potatoes  in  the  bin  were  still  sound 
and  firm — but  this  fine  shipment  had  “rotted”  in  five 


Moore  and  haul  500  loads  of  this  raw  muck  on  an 
acre  will  fail.  Most  of  such  muck  is  so  sour  that  it 
will  do  more  harm  than  good  until  it  is  well  sweet¬ 
ened  or  fermented.  We  have  seen  this  tried  many 
times.  Drainage  and  lime  will  fit  the  swamps  for 
almost  any  crop,  hut  it  is  far  better  practice  to  com¬ 
post  the  swamp  muck  with  lime,  or  mixed  with 
manure  six  months  before  spreading  it  on  the  corn¬ 
field.  We  do  not  dispute  the  facts  about  Jerry 
Moore,  but  it  is  a  10  to  one  chance  that  500  loads 
of  sour  swamp  soil  will  spoil  your  acre. 


The  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  will  now 
investigate  the  express  companies  in  dead  earnest. 
Such  investigation  was  sure  to  come.  The  companies 
have  acted  the  part  of  public  robbers  so  long  that 
common  public  decency  demanded  a  show-down.  We 
believe  the  commission  will  easily  demonstrate  what 
has  been  claimed  about  extortionate  express  charges. 
The  companies  see  what  is  coming,  for  they  have 
filed  a  set  of  new  rates,  which  make  reductions  of 
about  15  per  cent.  Their  charges  might  well  be  cut 
in  half.  On  page  682  we  printed  the  proposition  of 
Congressman  Lewis  to  buy  out  the  express  business 
and  turn  it  over  to  the  Post  Office  Department.  A 
few  years  ago  that  proposition  would  have  shocked 
the  majority  of  our  people.  Now  there  are  thousands 
so  disgusted  with  the  cowardly  way  in  which  the 
old  political  parties  handle  this  express  monopoly 
that  they  will  favor  anything  which  will  get  rid  of  the 
incubus. 

* 

Here  we  come  again  to  talk  “cover  crop.”  There 
are  a  few  cases  where  it  is  best  to  let  the  land  go 
through  Winter  bare.  The  most  common  one  is  where 
an  old  pasture  or  meadow  is  Fall-plowed.  In  that 
case  the  land  is  best  left  in  rough  furrows.  Where 
land  is  cultivated  through  the  Summer  it  should  have 
some  living  crop  through  Fall  and  Winter.  Nitrates 
are  rapidly  formed  after  July,  and  if  the  ground  is 
bare  there  will  be  heavy  loss  until  the  soil  freezes.  If 
some  hardy  crops  occupy  the  land  these  nitrates  will 
be  saved.  Again,  the  greatest  need  of  our  soil  is 
humus  or  vegetable  matter.  It  is  rare  that  a  farm 
makes  stable  manure  enough  to  supply  this  humus. 
The  greatest  loss  is  likely  to  occur  after  corn  or 
potatoes,  and  we  would  always  try  to  follow  them 
with  a  “cover  crop.”  With  corn  this,  crop  can  be 
seeded  just  before  the  last  cultivation  and  cultivated 
in.  After  the  corn  is  cut  this  crop  comes  on.  With 
potatoes  the  cover  crop  can  be  seeded  after  digging 
and  harrowed  in."  For  some  years  we  have  advised 
a  combination  of  Crimson  clover  and  Cow-horn  tur¬ 
nip  seed.  This  makes  a  good  Fall  growth,  but  often 
kills  out  north  of  Philadelphia.  This  year  we  advise 
a  trial  of  rye  and  Hairy  vetch.  In  any  event  we  would 
sow  rye.  This  tough  and  hardy  grain  will  grow  al¬ 
most  anywhere,  and  provide  a  large  amount  of  mat¬ 
ter  to  plow  under.  It  is  the  poor  man’s  humus,  and 
one  of  the  most  valuable  crops  we  know  of  for  re¬ 
storing  waste  land. 

* 

The  Florida  Legislature  passed  a  law  regulating 
the  business  of  selling  pineapples  on  commission. 
Any  commission  merchant  or  broker  in  Florida  who 
receives  for  sale  pineapples  in  carload  lots  or  less 
must  give  a  return  of  account  sales  with  cost  and 
expenses  and  name  and  address  of  the  purchaser 
within  10  days  of  such  sale.  Punishment  for  failure 
to  do  this  is  a  fine  not  to  exceed  $500.  In  addition 
the  Florida  commission  man  who  fails  to  report  in 
10  days  is  liable  in  damages  for  any  loss  which  such 
delayed  returns  cause : 

The  loss  a  shipper  or  consignor  may  sustain  on  cars 
of  pineapples  consigned  to  the  said  person,  firm  or  cor¬ 
poration  over  what  he  could  have  obtained  in  other  market 
or  by  other  agencies,  shall  be  considered  a  proximate  dam¬ 
age  from  the  delayed  account  sales.  The  measure  of  dam¬ 
ages  shall  be  the  difference  between  the  prevailing  price 
in  the  general  market  at  time  of  receipt  by  consignee  and 
the  price  received  for  such  cars,  or  less,  of  pineapples  con¬ 
signed  to  said  broker  or  commission  merchant  between  the 
time  the  account  sales  were  due  and  the  time  received. 

If  the  commission  man  does  not  make  his  report 
within  10  days  after  sale  the  shipper  may  bring  suit 
for  the  full  market  price  at  the  time  the  goods  were 
received.  All  over  the  country  there  is  a  demand 
for  regulation  of  commission  sales.  There  is  no  more 
important  matter  for  farmers  who  ship  produce. 
This  was  the  principle  contained  in  the  Collin  hill, 
which  was  defeated  in  the  New  York  Legislature. 
Such  laws  are  just  and  necessary,  for  shippers  are 
robbed  again  and  again.  If  the  States  will  not  pro¬ 
tect  the  people  it  will  be  necessary  to  pass  a  strong 
Federal  law  for  supervision  of  the  commission  busi¬ 
ness,  much  like  that  now  given  banks. 

BREVITIES. 

“Trackless”  trolley  cars  are  appearing  in  Europe. 
The  electric  power  comes  from  an  overhead  wire  with  a 
flexible  connection.  The  cars  do  not  need  a  track,  but 
turn  aside  when  passing  other  vehicles. 

We  think  that  many  a  chick  which  “dies  in  the  shell” 
is  killed  by'  the  germs  of  white  diarrhoea,  which  de¬ 
velop  more  rapidly  than  in  other  cases.  For  years  we 
have  been  told  that  the  parents  of  the  egg  are  respon¬ 
sible  for  the  premature  death.  This  was  true,  but  we 
have  not  been  sure  of  the  cause. 

A  Long  Island  man  sued  the  Commercial  Construction 
Co.  for  damages  done  60  trees.  This  company  undertook 
to  remove  an  old  schoolhouse,  and  in  doing  so  cut  the  trees 
down.  The  owner  demanded  $500  damages.  On  suit  the 
jury  gave  him  this  amount  and  the  judge  tripled  it.  The 
higher  court  sustained  the  judgment. 


1911. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — While  working  1,500  feet 
underground  June  28  James  Conroy  of 
Kingston,  Pa.,  was  struck  by  lightning  and 
so  badly  injured  that  he  is  not  expected  to 
live.  He  was  mining  coal  in  the  Courtdale 
tunnel  and  did  not  know  there  was  a  storm 
until  his  chamber  was  filled  with  a  blazing 
light  and  he  was  knocked  senseless.  The 
lightning  had  followed  the  intake  of  the  air 
current  as  far  as  Conroy’s  chamber.  For¬ 
tunately  there  was  no  powder  or  dynamite 
in  the  chamber.  This  is  not  the  first  acci¬ 
dent  of  its  kind,  and  Foreman  Neal  Mc¬ 
Hugh  arranged  for  a  telephone  system  at 
the  colliery  so  that  when  a  lightning  storm 
is  approaching  the  mine  workers  may  be 
summoned  to  the  surface. 

The  jury  which  for  two  weeks  had  been 
hearing  the  evidence  against  Joseph  B. 
Reichmann  of  the  Carnegie  Trust  Company, 
New  York,  took  one  ballot  June  28  and 
found  him  guilty  of  having  made  a  false 
report  to  the  State  Banking  Department 
while  he  was  president  of  the  Carnegie 
Trust  Company.  Then  for  about  an  hour 
the  jury  debated  as  to  whether  it  should 
recommend  him  to  the  court  for  mercy  and 
decided  it  would  not.  The  verdict  was  a 
surprise  to  Reichmann  and  his  counsel,  who 
were  confident  of  a  disagreement,  if  not  an 
acquittal.  Reichmann  is  the  first  banker  to 
be  convicted  in  this  country  of  making  a 
false  statement  to  the  Banking  Department. 
He  did  not  go  on  the  witness  stand  in  his 
own  defence.  Reichrfiann  was  sentenced  to 
4%  months  in  the  penitentiary. 

Charles  W.  Morse  lost  in  his  effort  to 
gain  freedom  by  habeas  corpus  proceedings. 
Without  passing  upon  the  validity  of  that 
part  of  Morse’s  15-year  sentence  bevond  10 
years,  District  Judge  Newman  denied  the 
petition  for  a  writ,  declaring  that  10  years 
of  the  sentence  unquestionably  was  good, 
and  as  Morse  had  not  served  out  that  time 
the  court  had  no  right  now  to  consider  the 
matter.  The  attorneys  for  the  ex-banker 
immediately  gave  notice  that  the  case  would 
be  taken  to  the  United  States  Circuit  Court 
of  Appeals. 

At  2.01  o’clock  July  1  San  Francisco,  a 
large  part  of  Central  California  and  parts 
of  Nevada  #ere  shaken  by  the  severest 
earthquake  since  the  big  shake  five  years 
ago.  There  were  two  distinct  shocks,  sepa¬ 
rated  only  by  a  second  of  calm.  The  first 
shock  was  comparatively  slight,  but  in  the 
second  there  were  two  violent  wrenchings 
of  the  earth  which  caused  tall  buildings  to 
totter  ominously.  A  chunk  of  the  granite 
cornice  of  the  Bank  of  California  crashed 
to  the  pavement,  but  fortunatelv  no  one 
was  in  the  way.  The  coping  of  the  Hall  of 
Justice,  one  of  the  few  big  buildings  to 
survive  the  quake  and  fire  of  1906,  was 
cracked  by  earth  wrenchings  this  time,  and 
a  good  deal  of  the  wainscoting  in  the 
building  was  split. 

Excessive  heat  extended  all  over  the 
country  June  28-.Tuly  6  ;  at  Rocklesse,  Ont., 
the  thermometer  registered  108  degrees  July 
2.  The  hottest  place  in  the  United  States 
was  Marquette,  Mich.,  104,  while  St.  Jo¬ 
seph  and  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Des  Moines, 
Iowa,  Omaha,  Charles  City,  Iowa,  reported 
102  degrees;  Fort  Smith.  Ark.,  Louisville, 
Keokuk,  Iowa.  Alpena,  Mich.,  and  Sioux 
City,  Iowa.  100;  Chicago,  St.  Louis,  De¬ 
troit,  Harrisburg,  Cairo,  Ill.,  and  Toledo, 
Ohio,  98.  The  oat  yield  in  Northern  and 
Central  Iowa  has  been  reduced  fully  50 
per  cent.,  and  the  heat  is  very  damaging  to 
corn.  The  leaves  are  twisting  up  and  turn¬ 
ing  brown.  The  temperature  in  Nebraska 
has  ranged  from  102  to  108.  Corn  is  failing 
badly  in  many  districts,  remaining  curled 
during  the  night.  July  2  was  the  hottest 
day  in  Detroit  since  1887,  the  street  tem¬ 
perature  being  110.  July  3  was  the  hottest 
day  in  New  York  since  1899,  and  July  4 
35  deaths  from  heat  were  reported  in  this 
city,  while  15  persons  were  drowned  in 
this  vicinity.  In  Chicago  the  temperature 
was  101. 

STEEL  TRUST  INDICTMENT. — Eighty- 
four  wire  manufacturers  and  their  em¬ 
ployees,  representing  35  companies,  have 
been  indicted  by  the  Federal  Grand  Jury 
at  New  Y’ork  on  the  ground  that  they  had 
offended  against  the  Sherman  anti-trust 
law  by  forming  nine  pooling  associations 
which  acted  in  restraint  of  trade.  The 
American  Steel  and  Wire  Company,  one  of 
the  largest  subsidiary  concerns  of  the  Unit¬ 
ed  States  Steel  Corporation,  was  declared  to 
have  been  represented  in  seven  of  the  pool¬ 
ing  associations,  and  its  president,  William 
P.  Palmer,  was  indicted  seven  times.  The 
name  of  Ferdinand  W.  Roebling  of  John 
A.  Roebling’s  Sons  Company  appears  in 
eight  indictments.  On  the  list  also  are 
representatives  of  the  General  Electric 
Company,  the  National  Conduit  and  Cable 
Company,  the  Standard  Underground  Cable 
Company,  the  American  Horse  Shoe  Com¬ 
pany  and  the  Hazai’d  Manufacturing  Com¬ 
pany.  There  is  one  indictment  against 
Ersklne  Hewitt,  vice-president  of  the  Tren¬ 
ton  Iron  Company,  secretary  of  the  embassy 
sent  to  London  for  Queen  Victoria’s  jubilee 
in  1897,  son  of  the  late  Mayor  Hewitt  and 
grandson  of  Peter  Cooper,  and  one  against 
Herbert  L.  Satterlee,  who  is  a  son-in-law 
of  .T.  P.  Morgan,  and  who  gets  in  because 
he  is  president  of  the  Habishaw  Wire  Com¬ 
pany.  There  are  two  indictments  against 
Charles  F.  Brooker,  vice-president  of  the 
Ansonia  Brass  and  Copper  Company,  and 
Republican  national  committeeman  for  Con¬ 
necticut.  Others  indicted  are  Edward  S. 
Perot,  who  is  president  of  the  National 
Conduit  and  Cable'  Company ;  Frank  J. 
Gould,  on  the  score  of  being  president  of 
the  Old  Dominion  Iron  and  Nail  Works; 
Le  Baron  C.  Colt  of  Rhode  Island,  and  Ed¬ 
win  E.  Jackson,  Jr.,  a  lawyer  at  No.  52 
William  street.  Mr.  Jackson  is  indicted 
nine  time  on  the  ground  that  he  was  super¬ 
visor  of  all  nine  pools ;  Joseph  W.  Marsh, 
president  of  the  Standard  Underground 
Cable  Company,  is  indicted  six  times.  Sales¬ 
men  and  minor  officers  of  the  various  com¬ 
panies  are  also  indicted  many  times  over. 
The  indictments  cover  the  whole  field  of 
the  wire  industry,  including  electrical 
cables,  steel  and  copper  wire  and  wire 
nails,  and  take  in  horseshoes. 

LOWERED  EXPRESS  RATES.— Mem¬ 
bers  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commis¬ 
sion  were  taken  by  surprise  June  30, 
when  bulky  packages  were  delivered 
to  them  containing  new  express  tariffs  from 
all  the  express  companies  in  the  United 
States  except  the  Long  Island  Company. 


The  new  rates  were  dumped  in  on  the  com¬ 
mission  only  a  short  time  before  the  closing 
hour,  but  a  hasty  checking  showed  that  the 
tariffs  call  for  a  large  reduction  in  express 
rates  beginning  August  1.  In  the  hurried 
comparison  that  has  been  made  between  the 
new  and  the  old  rates  it  appears  for  one 
thing  that  in  the  case  of  long  hauls  of 
express  packages  to  non-competitive  points 
the  general  reductions  amount  to  as  much 
as  50  per  cent.  Officials  of  the  commission 
say  that  the  new  rates  will  bring  substan¬ 
tial  reductions  on  90  per  cent,  of  the  traf¬ 
fic  handled  by  the  sixteen  or  seventeen  ex¬ 
press  companies  of  the  country.  The  new 
tariffs  also  show  that  the  companies  have 
abandoned  their  double  graduate  system  of 
charging  for  express  packages  weighing  less 
than  100  pounds.  Under  this  system  every 
express  company  participating  in  the  tx-ans- 
portation  charged  its  own  separate  rate 
for  the  distance  hauled.  The  now  tariffs 
provide  for  a  charge  based  on  a  through 
haul.  The  impression  here  is  that  this  vol¬ 
untary  action  on  the  part  of  the  express 
companies  is  designed  to  anticipate  orders 
by  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission 
reducing  expi-ess  rates.  The  commission 
has  been  conducting  an  investigation  into 
the  rates,  rules  and  regulations  of  express 
companies  for  some  time,  and  the  geneial 
belief  is  that  the  commission  will  hand 
down  a  report  holding  that  the  rates  are 
too  high.  The  question  of  establishing  a 
parcels  post  has  come  up  again  and  is  being 
actively  promoted  before  the  Post  Office 
Committee  of  the  House.  In  addition  to 
the  agitation  for  the  parcels  post.  Demo¬ 
crats  have  been  stirring  up  the  subject  of 
an  investigation  of  the  express  companies. 
All  of  these  activities  may  have  had  an 
influence  upon  the  decision  of  the  companies 
in  regard  to  these  tariff  changes.  Under 
the  law  railroad  and  express  companies 
are  compelled  to  give  thirty  days’  notice  of 
changes  in  rates  unless  excused  from  doing 
so  by  the  commission.  The  express  com¬ 
panies  are  apparently  anxious  to  have  the 
new  rates  go  into  effect  on  August  1.  June 
30  was  the  last  day  on  which  they  could 
file  them  to  become  effective  on  that  date. 

WASHINGTON. — Geoi’ge  A.  Earle.  Jr., 
of  Philadelphia,  .Tune  28  told  the  Hard¬ 
wick  special  committee  of  the  House  of  his 
repeated  and  unsuccessful  efforts  in  1906 
to  induce  President  Roosevelt  and  Attor¬ 
ney-General  Bonapart  to  proceed  against 
the  sugar  trust  after  the  wrecking  of  the 
Real  Estate  Trust  Company  of  Philadelphia 
by  the  American  Sugar  Refining  Company. 
Mr.  Earle  rehearsed  the  history  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Refining  Company  which  had 
been  built  by  Adolph  Segal  to  compete 
with  the  sugar  trust.  Ho  told  how  the 
trust  had  loaned  Segal  money  on  the  stock 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Refining  Company 
which  he  was  holding  as  trustee  and  how 
the  American  Sugar  Company  then  elected 
its  own  trustees  of  the  Philadelphia  plant 
and  dismantled  it.  Then  Earle  spoke  of 
his  appointment  as  receiver  of  the  Real 
Estate  Trust  Company,  of  his  efforts  to 
straighten  out  the  tangle  and  of  the  indict¬ 
ments  of  the  sugar  trust  dii'ectors  for  con¬ 
spiracy  by  Attorney-General  Wickersham 
after  the  Roosevelt  administration  had 
failed  to  touch  the  case.  Notwithstanding 
it  was  apparent  the  Government  did  not 
intend  to  prosecute,  Mr.  Eaide  said  he  con¬ 
tinued  to  appeal  to  Attorney-General  Bona¬ 
parte  until  April  15,  1907.  Mr.  Bonaparte 
continued  to  take  the  view,  he  said,  that  a 
previous  decision  of  the  United  States  Su- 
pi-eme  Court  indicated  that  the  prosecution 
of  the  trust  could  not  be  successful.  The 
case  on  which  Mr.  Bonaparte  based  this 
opinion  was,  Mr.  Earle  said,  as  different 
from  the  case  in  point  as  black  was  from 
white.  When  he  lost  all  hope  that  the 
Government  would  interfere  he  proceeded 
to  press  a  civil  suit  against  the  sugar 
trust  and  secured  a  compromise  while  the 
trial  was  going  on,  the  trust  returning  to 
the  injured  parties  all  the  collateral  for  the 
big  loan  that  had  wrecked  the  Real  Estate 
Trust  Company,  and  paying  besides  three- 
quarters  of  a  million  in  cash. 

DIARY  OF  FARM  WORK. 

A  Family  Fruit  Farm. 

We  bought  this  farm  in  1907  for  a 
trifle  over  $17  per  acre.  The  buildings 
were  poor,  and  the  farm  was  in  a  run¬ 
down  condition.  The  farm  contains  146 
acres.  Work  is  done  upon  this  farm  by 
my  father,  a  brother  (age  14)  and  myself 
(age  21).  The  live  stock  on  the  farm 
consists  of  three  horses,  six  milch  cows, 

3  shotes  and  about  75  hens.  We  also 
pastui'e  eight  head  of  young  stock  for  a 
neighbor.  We  have  the  following  crops  to 
care  for  this  year :  Seven  acres  two-year- 
old  grapes  put  on  wires  last  Spring,  six 
acres  one-year-old  grapes,  two  acres  black 
raspberries  which  bear  the  first  this  year, 
800  black  raspberries  and  200  currant 
plants  set  last  Spring,  one-eighth  acre 
strawberries,  which  are  bearing  this  year, 
and  one-eighth  aci'e  which  we  set  last 
Spring,  75  pear  and  50  aprxle  trees  in 
bearing,  about  30  acres  hay.  five  acres  oats, 
five  acres  Winter  wheat,  nine  acres  sweet 
corn  for  canning  factory,  three  aei’es  hard 
corn,  one-half  acre  peas  for  canning  fac¬ 
tory,  about  one-half  acre  early  potatoes 
and  one-quarter  acre  onions. 

Sunday,  June  18 — No  work  done  except 
chores. 

Monday,  June  19 — The  first  thing  in  iiie 
morning  I  hitched  up  a  horse  and  drove 
to  a  neighbor  on  business.  Father  and 
brother  did  chores  and  brother  went  to 
cheese  factory  with  milk.  I  got  back  at 
eight  and  cultivated  sweet  corn  with  the 
riding  cultivator  the  remainder  of  the  day. 
Father  and  brother  hoed  grapes.  Mother 
and  _  a  neighbor  picked  a  crate  of  straw¬ 
berries.  After  supper  I  did  chores  and 

worked  in  gai’den  until  dark. 

Tuesday,  June  20 — Choices  same  as  yes- 
tex-day,  except  that  I  cared  for  horses.  I 
took  a  crate  of  strawberi'ies  to  depot  and 
brought  back  a  carpenter  and  his  tools  to 
begin  work  on  the  new  barn.  The  barn 
is  to  be  36x60,  with  a  shod  stable  full 

length  of  barn  on  one  side ;  driveway  full 

length  of  barn  on  side  next  to  stable,  also 

driveway  full  length  of  stable.  Aci'oss  the 
barn  floor  from  the  stable  is  to  be  a  large 
bay  for  storing  hay.  Permanent  scaffold 
over  stable  and  removable  scaffold  over 
driveway.  Cement  floors  throughout  ex¬ 
cept  in  horse  stable.  I  finished  cultivating 


sweet  corn  while  father  Helped  carpenter. 
Brother  did  odd  jobs.  I  worked  in  garden 
after  chores. 

Wednesday,  June  21 — Father  and  I  drew 
timbers  from  mill  until  4  P.  M.  I  worked 
in  garden  until  six,  while  father  helped 
carpenter.  Another  man  began  work  with 
carpenter  this  morning. 

Thursday,  June  22 — Father  and  I  drew 
stack  of  partly  rotted  straw  away  from 
side  of  bairn.  Part  of  this  straw  was  piled 
to  be  used  as  manure,  part  will  be  used 
as  bedding  and  part  we  di-ew  into  the 
apple  orchard  and  piled  under  the  trees 
to  be  used  for  a  mulch.  Brother  trimmed 
a  few  young  grapes  that  had  been  left  by 
mistake. 

Friday,  June  23 — I  harrowed  grapes  in 
forenoon,  while  father  and  brother  hoed 
grapes.  In  the  afternoon  father  went  to 
mill  with  wheat,  while  brother  and  I  be¬ 
gan  to  tear  old  barn  down. 

Saturday,  June  24 — I  worked  at  tearing 
down  barn  in  foi'enoon,  while  father  fixed 
fence  and  helped  fi-ame  timbers.  In  the 
afternoon  we  all  went  to  Forestville  to  the 
automobile  hill  climbing  contest ;  had  a 
good  time,  came  home,  did  the  chores,  ate 
supper  and  went  to  bed  feeling  that  life 
is  worth  living  even  if  we  do  work  hard. 

Foi-estville,  N.  Y.  l.  g.  s. 

On  a  Texas  Dairy  Farm, 

We  are  on  a  daii-y  farm,  eight  miles  east 
of  San  Antonio,  Tex.,  and  are  engaged  in 
the  business  of  producing  sanitary  milk. 
We  also  handle  cream,  butter,  buttermilk 
and  cream  cheese  made  from  milk  which 
we  buy  from  our  neighbors.  Our  business 
is  so  organized  that  there  is  not  a  mo¬ 
ment,  day  or  night,  when  some  part  of  it 
is  not  in  opei'ation,  either  producing,  trans¬ 
portation  or  delivery.  I  got  up  at  6.30 
A.  M.,  mixed  the  cream  and  started  the 
ice  plant  so  that  the  cooler  could  be  well 
fx-ozen,  by  the  time  we  had  the  milk. 
Then  we  had  breakfast,  and  by  8  o’clock 
the  milking  was  started.  Our  eight- 
horsepower  engine  pulls  the  ice  plant,  milk¬ 
ing  machines,  bottle  washer  and  churn. 
At  12  the  load  was  ready  to  be  hauled  to 
our  city  depot,  where  it  was  divided  up 
among  the  delivery  wagons,  and  distrib¬ 
uted  over  the  city.  After  milking  the  milk¬ 
ers  fed  the  calves  and  cleaned  the  barn. 
We  save  all  our  manure.  All  the  sewage, 
wash  water  from  the  dairy  and  cow  man¬ 
ure  goes  down  the  sewer  to  a  box  in  the 
valley  field.  Here  we  drive  a  wagon  along¬ 
side  and  let  it  run  in  till  the  wagon  is 
loaded.  We  then  drive  over  the  field  and 
let  the  sewage  run  out  at  the  back  end. 
We  do  not  have  to  handle  the  stuff,  and 
by  this  system  can  keep  things  so  dry  that 
the  flies  find  life  a  hard  proposition.  We 
have  a  few  flies,  but  I  think  they  come  to 
pay  us  a  visit  from  our  neighbors. 

By  1  P.  M.  everything  is  washed  up, 
and  we  are  ready  for  dinner.  After  that 
the  men  rest  until  7  P.  M.,  when  they  get 
supper  and  go  thi’ough  the  same  routine 
once  more.  We  have  the  advantage  of 
i-esting  during  the  heat  of  the  day.  The 
Mexican  idea  of  the  noonday  siesta  is  very 
sensible.  I  had  received  notice  to  appear 
before  the  Commissioners’  Court,  to  show 
cause  why  our  assessment  should  not  be 
raised.  We  are  as  willing  as  anybody  else 
to  pay  our  taxes  if  we  feel  that  the  money 
will  be  properly  used.  But  when  the  Com- 
missioners  pay  $3,500  for  an  automobile 
which  is  not  needed  in  the  service  of  the 
county,  and  which  is  now  used  mainly  to 
convey  the  County  Judge  to  and  from  his 
dinner,  we  feel  that  we  ai'e  not  having  a 
“square  deal.”  When  I  arrived  at  our 
depot  I  found  the  sales  manager  and  the 
collector  laying  their  plans  for  the  day’s 
collecting.  The  delivery  wagons  were  in 
and  the  drivers  probably  asleep  getting 
ready  for  the  next  trip.  After  running 
round  town  all  day  on  business  I  got  in 
the  auto  and  went  home,  where  I  found 
enough  work  to  keep  me  busy  till  1  P.  M. 
This  is  no  eight-hour  job.  Our  men  work 
nine  or  sometimes  10  hours,  but  if  we 
tried  those  hours  it  would  not  be  long 
before  everything  would  be  going  wrong. 
I  have  always  found  that  to  get  ahead  I 
have  to  put  in  14  or  16  hours  a  day. 

Texas.  wm.  Sinclair. 

On  a  New  York  Sheep  Farm. 

At  4  :45  A.  M.,  all  astir  except  the  chief 
partner  in  our  business,  who  is  often 
broken  of  her  rest  by  the  little  one,  the 
ruler  of  the  household.  Thanks  to  our 
faithful,  old  colored  mamrnie,  who  is  al¬ 
ways  on  deck  as  soon  as  the  fire  is  started 
in  the  kitchen  store,  it  wasn’t  necessary 
for  her  to  appear  until  breakfast  was  well 
on  the  way.  With  three  men  beside  the 
"boss,”  the  six  cows  are  milked,  cream 
separated,  calves  and  hogs  fed,  horses 
cared  for  and  harnessed.  We  are  all  in  to 
breakfast  at  6  A.  M.  At  6.30  we  are  ready 
to  begin  the  work  for  the  day.  The  three 
men  unload  thi'ee  loads  of  hay  left  on  the 
wagons  overnight,  then  turned  over  the 
hay  cocks  to  air,  as  what  was  put  up  yes¬ 
terday  afternoon  was  rather  tough  and 
heavy,  owing  to  cloudy  weather  and  lack 
of  wind.  When  all  was  turned  at  about 
9.30  they  began  hauling  in,  got  in  two 
loads  before  dinner.  •  During  this  time  I 
mowed  down  about  five  acres  more  of 
mixed  hay,  clover  and  Timothy,  which 
makes  about  12  acres  that  we  have  cut 
from  an  18-acre  field  that  we  turned  our 
cows  and  lambs  into  three  weeks  ago. 
Thei’e  was  considerably  more  than  they 
could  use,  and  our  very  dry  weather  was 
drying  it  up.  We  have  secured  ten  loads 
of  very  nice  hay  and  will  probably  ge* 
eight  moi-e.  Of  course,  the  Timothy  is 
-'ot  at  its  best,  as  it  is  about  one-third 
in  blossom.  In  the  afternoon  we  finished 
hauling  the  hay  ready  to  come  in,  three 
loads,  then  we  raked  and  cocked  up — or 
as  one  of  my  men  says — we  “boodled  up” 
what  was  cut  this  afternoon.  The  men 
all  worked  as  if  interested,  and  all  was 
done  and  ready  for  chores  at  six  o’clock. 
We  finished  our  first  cutting  of  Alfalfa  yes¬ 
terday  at  noon,  having  secured  36  good 
loads  without  a  drop  of  rain  to  discolor 
it  in  the  least.  In  fact,  during  the  past 
four  seasons  we  have  not  had  any  dam¬ 
aged  to  speak  of  by  rains  or  otheiwise. 
We  do  not  attribute  this  to  any  superior 
foreknowledge  of  the  weather  on  our  part, 
but  rather  it  has  been  our  good  fortune, 
or  as  a  certain  friend  of  mine  would  say, 
“bull-head  luck.”  I  believe,  however1,  that 


our  method  of  handling  Alfalfa — and  by 
the  way,  we  handle  all  other  hay  much  the 
same  way  now — reduces  the  danger  of 
damage  from  rains  to  a  minimum.  We 
usually  let  our  grass  lie  but  a  few  hours 
after  _  cutting,  raking  in  the  afternoon 
what  is  cut  in  the  morning  or  before  noon 
next  day  what  is  cut  after  noon  if  good 
curing  weather.  When  gi-ass  is  very  heavy 
and  weather  unfavoi-able  wo  sometimes  use 
the  tedder,  but  usually  it  stands  by  the 
barn  during  the  haying  season,  waiting  for 
an  emergency.  We  put  up  in  small  or  me¬ 
dium-sized  cocks  and  let  it  stand  one  or 
two  nights  to  cure  and  sweat  out.  In  this 
way  it  is  cured  with  nearly  all  the  leaves 
on.  If  weather  looks  threatening  we  hurry 
the  hay  in,  even  though  it  is  given  and 
heavy,  sprinkling  each  course  liberally  with 
salt,  using  six  to  12  quarts  for  each  load, 
being  careful  to  tramp  as  little  as  pos¬ 
sible'.  We  use  the  salt  curing  method  in 
putting  away  all  of  our  hay,  and  are  satis¬ 
fied  that  it  is  of  givat  benefit,  whether  the 
hay  is  green  or  vei'y  dry.  Of  course  it 
will  sweat,  but  is  a  cold  sweat  and  the 
hay  comes  out  the  same  color  as  it  goes  in. 

.Tune  24 — There  was  no  dew  last  night, 
and  the  hay  put  up  yesterday  afternoon 
seems.  to  have  cured  considerably  during 
the  night,  and  while  the  men  wei’c  unload¬ 
ing  the  wagons  I  tipped  over  some  of  the 
heaviest  to  air,  then  hauled  in.  The  men 
finished  the  hay,  cleaning  up  about  5 
o’clock,  which  ended  the  work  for  the  day 
aside  from  the  chores.  We  have  put  in 
58  loads  of  hay  so  far  without  any  rain. 

By  invitation  from  the  superintendent 
of  New  York  State  Industrial  School  at 
Industry,  located  four  miles  from  us,  our 
better  half,  baby  and  myself  drove  over  to 
attend  the  annual  inspection  of  the  gar¬ 
dens.  Awards  were  made  to  the  boys  hav¬ 
ing  the  best  set  of  gardens,  and  an  award 
to  the  lad  having  the  best  individual  gar¬ 
den.  There  are  over  700  boys  at  the 
school,  divided  into  companies,  each  com¬ 
pany  having  a  garden  to  tend.  An  inspec¬ 
tion  is  made  of  these  gardens  once  a  year, 
and  awards  are  given  to  stimulate  the  boys 
in  their  work.  The  inspection  was  con¬ 
ducted  under  the  direction  of  Superintend¬ 
ent  Franklin  S.  Briggs  of  the  school.  The 
judges  were  selected  from  Rochester  and 
the  surrounding  towns.  The  boys  take 
pride  in  the  planting  and  care  of  their 
gardens,  and  on  the  whole,  they  made  a 
good  showing,  considering  the  very  dry 
weather  the  past  six  weeks.  They  have 
a  time  for  work  and  a  time  for  play.  Ball 
grounds  and  tennis  courts  are  provided 
and  they  appear  to  enjoy  them  immensely. 
In  the  Fall  a  fair  is  held.  The  product 
of  the  gaivlens  and  fields  are  exliibited, 
poultry  and  stock,  also  manufactured  ar¬ 
ticles,  carpenter  work,  hlacksmithing,  etc., 
baked  .  goods,  preserves,  tailoring  and 
everything  the  boys  are  engaged  in  at  the 
school.  Judges  are  selected  from  the  sur¬ 
rounding  country  who  serve  without  pay. 
The  public  is  invited  to  attend  and  in¬ 
spect  the  exhibits  and  witness  the  judging 
and  awarding  of  premiums.  Under  the  in¬ 
fluence  and  tx-aining  at  this  farm  many  of 
the  boys  are  encouraged  to  make  a  new 
start  in  life  aand  become  industrious  and 
useful  citizens.  j.  n.  m. 

Scottsville,  N.  Yr. 


GOVERNMENT  COTTON  REPORT. 

At  the  end  of  June  the  ci'op  outlook  was 
88.2  per  cent.,  which  is  8.2  per  cent,  above 
the  10-year  average  at  this  date.  The  esti¬ 
mate  in  South  Carolina  was  84,  the  lowest 
noted.  Texas  was  85,  Mississippi,  Tennes¬ 
see  and  Oklahoma  87,  North  Carolina,  Ark- 
kansas  and  Louisiana  89.  Of  the  heavy 
producing  States,  Georgia  stood  highest,  94. 


FOREIGN  CROPS. 

The  wheat  yield  of  India  was  the  largest 
on  record.  369,000,000  bushels.  The  coun¬ 
tries  of  Western  Europe  promise  a  larger 
wheat  yield  than  last  year.  In  the  central 
and  eastern  sections  the  yield  will  apparent¬ 
ly  be  considerable  lower,  so  that  the  whole 
Eux-opean  wheat  crop  will  evidently  fall 
short  of  the  2,000,000  bushels  of  last  sea¬ 
son.  The  wheat  and  rye  outlook  in  Rus¬ 
sia  is  especially  unfavorable.  In  Germany 
about  18  per  cent,  of  Fall  sowing  has  been 
plowed  under.  In  France  the  weather  has 
been  favorable,  and  the  outlook,  except  for 
oats,  is  considered  good.  Spring  sown 
crops,  potatoes  and  peas,  in  Great  Britain, 
are  in  good  condition.  The  Winter  in  Italy 
was  severe,  vineyards  having  suffered  from 
late  frosts. 

Canadian  Crops. 

The  season  has  been  favor-able  •  for  field 
crops  in  all  parts  of  Canada.  The  lowest 
percentage  of  condition  is  made  for  Fall 
wheat,  which  suffered  from  inadequate  pro¬ 
tection  in  the  Winter  months,  and  also  to 
some  extent  from  Spring  fi-osts.  The  areas 
of  Fall  wheat  are  gi-eater  than  last  year  by 
4.50  per  cent.,  and  of  Spring  wheat  by  13.70 
per  cent.  The  total  area  in  wheat  is  10,- 
503,400  acres,  as  compared  with  9,294,800 
in  1910,  and  7,750.400  in  1909.  The  per 
cent,  condition  of  Fall  wheat  at  the  end  of 
May  was  80.63,  and  of  Spring  wheat  96.69. 
The  area  of  oats  is  10,279,800  acres  and  its 
condition  is  94.76,  as  compared  with  9.864,- 
100  aci-es  and  93.95  per  cent,  condition  last 
yeai\  Barley  and  rye  each  show  a  small 
decrease  in  area,  but  the  condition  is  higher 
than  at  the  same  period  last  year.  Slight 
decreases  are  also  reported  for  areas  of 
peas,  mixed  grains,  and  hay  and  clover, 
with  per  cent,  condition  of  over  90.  Hay 
and  clover  have  a  reported  condition  of 
91.45  for  the  Dominion,  being  practically 
100  in  Manitoba,  Saskatchewan  and  Al¬ 
berta.  The  apple  crop  as  a  whole  promises 
to  be  below  medium,  the  best  outlook  being 
in  Nova  Scotia,  where  both  Fall  and  Win¬ 
ter  varieties  are  well  set.  Baldwin  and 
Spy  are  the  most  scarce  of  any  varieties 
throughout  the  Dominion. 


Virginia  Fruit. — The  Virginia  Horticul¬ 
tural  Society  reports  the  apple  outlook  to 
he  from  30  to  35  per  cent,  of  a  full  yield, 
or  about  half  last  year’s  crop.  There  has 
been  a  heavy  drop,  owing  to  unfavorable 
weather  at  blooming  time  and  drought  later. 
Peaches  will  be  about  25  per  cent,  of  last 
year’s  yield. 


Z6S 


THE  RUKAE  NEW-YORKER 


July  15, 


Woman  and  the  Home 


From  Day  to  Day. 

UNSUBDUED. 

I  have  planned,  I  have 


I 


have  hoped, 
striven, 

To  the  will  I  have  added  the  deed ; 
The  best  that  was  in  me  I’ve  given 
I  have  prayed,  but  the  gods  would 
heed. 


not 


I  have  dared,  and  reached  only  disaster, 

I  have  battled  and  broken  my  lance ; 

I  am  bruised  by  a  pitiless  master 

That  the  weak  and  the  timid  call  Chance. 

I  am  old,  I  am  bent,  I  am  cheated 
Of  all  that  Youth  urged  me  to  win  ; 

But  name  me  not  with  the  defeated, 
To-morrow  again,  I  begin. 

— S.  E.  Kiser. 

* 

A  white  linen  gown  trimmed  with 
rickrack  insertion  brought  back  memories 
of  the  bygone  days  when  every  girl  was 
busy  making  this  trimming.  In  this  case 
quite  a  wide  braid  was  used,  worked 
with  very  heavy  cotton.  The  effect  was 
good;  no  doubt  the  present  fashion  for 
heavy  laces  brought  the  old-time  trim¬ 
ming  out  of  its  retirement. 

* 

Meat  loaf  is  very  nice  made  from  cold 
roast  lamb.  Chop  the  meat,  add  an  equal 
quantity  of  bread  crumbs  from  the  soft 
part  of  the  loaf,  and  to  three  pounds  of 
meat  and  crumbs  add  two  ounces  of 
minced  salt  pork,  a  small  minced  onion, 
pepper,  salt  and  thyme  or  savory.  Mix 
with  two  well-beaten  eggs  and  some 
gravy  if  you  have  it.  Form  into  a  loaf, 
and  bake  two  hours  in  a  moderate  oven. 
# 

Bath  soap  bowls  were  among  im¬ 
ported  specialties  noted  in  a  large  New 
York  store;  they  were  round  wooden 
bowls  about  12  inches  across  intended  to 
to  contain  the  soap  and  float  on  the  sur¬ 
face  of  the  bath.  While  they  looked  very 
luxurious,  and  were  expensive  (each 
bowl  containing  a  selection  of  soap)  we 
think  it  would  be  as  difficult  to  pursue 
a  floating  bowl  around  the  bathtub  as  to 
chase  a  cake  of  soap,  and  we  prefer  the 
stationary  holder  that  is  hung  on  the 
edge  of  the  tub. 

* 

Lace  mitts  are  still  offered  at  the 
glove  counters,  though  they  are  rarely 
seen  on  the  streets  or  in  public  places. 
They  range  in  price  from  about  a  dollar 
up,  some  being  made  of  expensive  laces. 
They  are  usually  worn  on  hot  evenings 
with  fashionable  toilettes,  at  dinners  or 
dances.  The  old-fashioned  black  net, 
lace  or  silk  mitts  worn  20  or  more  years 
ago  have  lost  their  vogue  completely  and 
rightly  so,  for  they  were  very  unbecom¬ 
ing  to  work-worn  or  uncared-for  hands, 
and  quite  inappropriate  for  street  wear. 
The  excellence  and  variety  of  the  fabric 
gloves  now  attainable  at  moderate  prices 
leaves  no  place  for  these  mitts. 

* 

At  the  recent  commencement  of  the 
Cornell  Medical  College  the  two  high¬ 
est  honors  in  the  class  went  to  women, 
a  man  ranking  third,  while  four  women 
were  on  the  honor  roll  of  the  10  stu¬ 
dents  who  stood  highest  for  the  entire 
course.  Women  in  medicine  and  surgery 
occupy  a  vastly  different  position  now 
from  those  dark  days  when  Miss  Black- 
well  fought  for  recognition,  and  passed 
through  such  miseries  and  hardships  as 
are  described  by  Charles  Reade  in  his 
novel,  “A  Woman  Hater.”  New  York 
was  surprised,  a  few  years  ago,  to  see  a 
young  woman  in  uniform  occupying  the 
surgeon’s  place  in  a  hurrying  ambu¬ 
lance,  but  even  that  no  longer  excites 
any  special  wonder. 

* 

A  good  many  colored  linen  tailored 
suits  seem  to  fade,  and  thus  lose  their 
freshness,  a  matter  in  which  the  na¬ 
tural  linen  has  the  advantage.  How¬ 
ever,  one  of  our  friends  says  that  in¬ 
stead  of  having  a  colored  linen  suit 


laundered,  she  has  it  dipped  by  a  dyer, 
thus  restoring  its  original  color  for 
about  the  same  price  that  the  city  laun¬ 
dry  charges  for  doing  it  up.  This  is 
not  beyond  ,  the  skill  of  the  home  dyer, 
and  can  be  done  very  cheaply.  The 
greatest  defect  in  home  dyeing,  accord¬ 
ing  to  our  experience,  is  the  attempt  to 
crowd  too  much  fabric  into  an  insuffi¬ 
cient  quantity  of  liquid,  resulting  in 
spotty  and  uneven  coloring.  The  gar¬ 
ment  must  be  lifted  and  stirred  fre¬ 
quently  during  the  process,  and  where 
too  much  is  crowded  into  the  kettle  this 

cannot  be  done  effectually. 

* 

Of  late  years  stout  women  who  wished 
to  reduce  weight  have  been  sweetening 
their  tea  or  coffe  with  saccharin,  an  in¬ 
tensely  sweet  substance  derived  from 
coal  tar.  This  they  did  on  the  advice  of 
beauty  specialists,  it  being  found  that, 
unlike  honest  sugar,  saccharin  did  not 
increase  the  flesh.  We  have  seen  women 
both  at  restaurants  and  private  houses 
take  a  little  box  from  purse  or  handbag 
to  drop  a  single  tablet  like  a  homeo¬ 
pathic  pellet  into  the  cup  of  tea.  As 
saccharin  is  500  times  as  sweet  as  sugar, 
one  little  pellet  takes  the  place  of  a 
large  lump.  This  sweetening,  however, 
is  not  as  innocent  as  its  users  would 
have  us  believe;  like  benzoate  of  soda,  it 
has  been  barred  from  food  by  the  Na¬ 
tional  food  inspection  board  because  of 
its  extremely  harmful  effects  upon  diges¬ 
tion — no  wonder  its  users  do  not  gain 
flesh !  However,  it  is  cheaper  than 
sugar  for  sweetening  soda  water  and 
other  “soft  drinks,”  and  for  making  a 
low  grade  of  candy,  so  dishonest  dealers 
attempt  to  use  it,  although  they  know  its 
deleterious  nature.  It  is  said  that  sac¬ 
charin  is  especially  harmful  to  children, 
and  as  it  is  the  child  with  a  few  pennies 
who  is  most  likely  to  buy  cheap  candy 
and  soda  water,  we  can  see  what  a  vil¬ 
lainous  business  this  adulteration  is.  The 
large  bottlers  of  soda  water  in  Philadel¬ 
phia  are  working  with  the  pure  food  in¬ 
spectors  in  the  effort  to  impose  penalties 
upon  those  who  use  saccharin  in  such 
products. 

An  Echo. 

May  I  be  allowed  to  say  how  fully  I 
agree  with  the  letter  of  L.  S'.,  page  571, 
upon  “The  Real  Things  of  Home-mak¬ 


ing 


?”  And  may  I  add  my  experience, 
is  so  different,  and  yet  so  like 


which 
hers? 

I  was  married  at  39  to  a  man  who 
had  three  children  at  home,  the  young¬ 
est  of  whom  was  16.  The  position  of 
step-mother  is  acknowledged  to  be  a 
difficult  one,  but  although  I  was  ex¬ 
ceptionally  "fortunate  in  my  family,  I 
made  the  mistake  of  being  too  anxious 
that  my  housework  should  be  done  with 
a  thoroughness  that  called  for  more  en¬ 
durance  than  I  possessed.  My  husband 
was  kind  and  gave  me  good  advice,  and 
would  have  allowed  me  to  have  more 
help,  but  I  seemed  incapable  of  “letting 
things  go.”  My  kitchen  floor  must  be 
swept  in  the  morning,  and  again  after 
dinner,  and  other  things  in  conformity. 
The  untimely  birth  and  death  of  my 
only  child  was  due,  I  think,  as  much  to 
overwork  and  worry  as  to  anything. 

The  strain  went  on  for  years,  and  a 
friendly  old  lady  complimented  me  by 
saying  that  I  was  a  perfect  housekeeper 
(which  I  felt  was  not  true),  but  when 
two  of  the  children  left  the  house  I 
gradually  learned  to  take  things  a  little 
easier.  After  about  seven  years  my 
sister,  who  was  married  much  earlier 
in  life  than  I  was,  visited  me.  One  day 
as  I  took  the  broom  she  said,  “What 
are  you  going  to  sweep  this  floor  for? 
It  isn’t  dirty.”  I  looked  at  the  floor, 
and  put  my  broom  away.  From  that 
time  I  began  to  think  along  a  different 
line.  The  thinking  came  rather  too  late, 
for  at  50  I  find  myself  burdened  with 
physical  troubles  that  I  see  now  that  I 


need  not,  and  ought  not  to  have  had. 
But  it  is  not  too  late  for  me  to  help 
L.  S.  give  the  warning  to  new  house¬ 
keepers. 

I  still  believe  in  system,  which  makes 
any  work  so  much  lighter.  It  is  easier 
always  to  fill  the  reservoir  of  the  range 
after  washing  the  breakfast  dishes  than 
to  wait  until  it  is  nearly  empty,  and 
you  suddenly  find  yourself  without  the 
needed  hot  water,  and  besides  must  lift 
several  pailfuls  in  succession,  instead  of 
one.  to  fill  it.  But  now  my  kitchen  floor 
is  not  swept  until  it  shows  a  need  of  it. 
L.  S.  says,  “The  self-effacing  housewife 
is  not  always  the  most  appreciated,” 
which  is  only  too  true.  It  is  also  true, 
as  she  implies,  that  if  your  house  is 
spotless,  and  you  are  too  tired  and  ner¬ 
vous  to  be  Wholly  pleasant,  your  family 
is  less  happy  than  it  would  be  if  there 
were  “dust  on  the  top  of  the  door,”  and 
you  were  able  to  meet  them  smiling, 
and  were  fresh  enough  to  tell  them 
something  laughable  or  interesting  that 
you  had  read,  or  that  you  had  seen  out 
of  doors. 

I  have  often  noticed  a  pair  of  horses 
that  passed  my  window.  One  is  as  sound 
as  a  nut  apparently,  is  plump  and  has 
no  “nerves,”  and  does  his  work  calmly 
The  other  was  always  straining  into  the 
collar,  and  I  noted  that  he  had  two  bad 
legs  and  was  comparatively  thin.  Lately 
I  see  that  the  calm  horse  has  a  new 
mate.  Probably  the  too-ambitious  (or 
over-conscientious)  horse  is  worn  out. 
Which  one  is  really  more  valuable  to 
his  master?  e.  f.  m. 

Two  Good  Recipes. 

Baked  Custard. — Four  cups  scalded 
milk,  four  eggs,  one-half  cup  sugar,  one- 
fourth  teaspoon  salt.  Beat  eggs,  add 
sugar  and  salt,  and  pour  on  slowly 
scalded  milk.  Strain  in  molds  which 
have  been  wet  in  cold  water,  set  in 
a  pan  of  hot  water,  sprinkle  with 
nutmeg  and  bake  in  hot  oven  until 
firm,  determined  by  running  knife 
through  the  custard.  If  the  knife 
comes  out  clean  the  custard  is  done. 

Popovers. — One  cup  flour,  one  cup 
milk,  two  eggs,  one-quarter  teaspoon 
salt.  Sift  flour  and  salt  together.  Add 
milk  gradually,  beating  well.  Add 
eggs  slightly  beaten  and  beat  mixture 
two  minues.  Pour  into  well  buttered 
gem-pans  and  bake  in  hot  oven. 


B.  F. 


Turn  Frutti.— Five  pounds  rhubarb, 
four  pounds  sugar,  four  oranges,  grate 
the  yellow  peel  in  and  use  the  pulp; 
one  pound  raisins,  one  pound  English 
walnut  meats,  one  pineapple,  one  quart 
of  strawberries,  if  in  season.  All  pre¬ 
pared,  boil  down  very  thick.  Will  keep 
a  long  time.  mrs.  m. 

Serpentine  Crepe 


A  DESIGN  FOR 
EVERY  OCCASION! 

If  you  want  to  know  the  su¬ 
preme  luxury  of  correct  dress 
lor  Spring  and  Summer  wear, 
ask  your  dealer  to  show  you 
the  latest 


It  makes  up  into  street  and 
outing  dresses,  gowns,  house 
wrappers,  lounging  robes, 
kimonos,  shirtwaists,  and 
youths’  and  misses’  dresses. 
Rich,  stylish  —  quite  the 
proper  thing. 

A  design  for  every  taste  in 
all  the  latest  artistic  concep¬ 
tions,  and  in  black,  white, 
gray  and  the  delicate  shades 
that  appeal  so  strongly  to 
women  of  good  taste.  The  crinkle  is  permanent  — 
the  colors  fast.  Saves  laundry  bills,  as  it  does  not 
need  ironing. 

The  highest  quality  and  longest  wear 
guaranteed  by  this  Pacific  Mills  trade  mark  ^ 
on  every  piece.  Look  for  it  and  refuse' 
imitations. 

If  your  dealer  doesn’t  carry  the  genuine  trade 
marked  Serpentine  CrSpe,  write  us  for  free  samples 
and  list  of  dealers  who  will  supply  you. 

PACIFIC  MILLS  -  BOSTON,  MASS. 


Your  Kind 
of  Fruit  Jar 

is  the  Atlas  E-Z  Seal,  because 
a  touch  of  your  finger  locks 
it  so  tightly  that  all  air  muse 
stay  out.  That  keeps  your 
fruit  and  vegetables  as  fresh 
and  flavory  as  when  first 
picked.  They  can’t  “work.” 
They  can’t  spoil.  E-Z  Seal 
Jars  never  stick.  They  open 
in  a  jiffy  by  a  light  pressure 
of  fhe  fingers.  No  twisting — 
no  trouble — no  regrets.  See 
the  generous  wide  mouth  of  the 


I 


— big  enough  to  take  fruit 
zvhole,  and  you  can  pre¬ 
serve  green  corn  on  the  cob, 
asparagus  uncut — and  tom¬ 
atoes  with  all  their  juices. 
Atlas  E-Z  Seal  Jars  are  the 
jars  without  a  fault.  Put  this 
year’s  preserves  into  them  and 
you’ll  wonder  why  someone 
didn  t  make  them  years  ago. 
At  all  general  stores. 

Write  now  for  our  booklet  of 
Famous  Preserving  Recipes. 
We'll  gladly  send  it  free. 

Hazel  Atlas  Glass  Co. 

Wheeling,  W.  Va. 


WE  SHIP  “APPROVAL 

■without  a  cent  deposit,  prepay  the  freight 
and  allow  10  DAYS  FREE  TRIAL. 

IT  ONLY  COSTS  one  cent  to  learn  our 

unheard  of  prices  and  marvelous  offers 
on  highest  grade  1911  model  bicycles. 

FACTORY  PRICES  a  bicycle  or 

a  pair  of  tires  from  anyone  at  any  price 
until  you  write  for  our  large  Art  Catalog 
and  learn  our  xvotider/ul proposition  on  firit 
sample  bicycle  going  to  your  town. 

RIDER  AGENTS 

money  exhibiting  and  selling  our  bicycles. 
We  Sell  cheaper  than  any  other  factory. 

TIRES,  Coaster-Brake  rear  wheels, 

lamps,  repairs  and  all  sundries  at  half  usual  prices. 
Do  Not  Wait;  write  today  for  special  offer, 

MEAD  CYCLE  CO.f  Dept.  B80  CHICAGO 


Electric  Lights  make  the  brightest,  safeft, 
cleanest  and  most  reliable  lighting  system 
known  for  farms  and  country  homes.  The 
Dayton  Electric  Lighting  Outfits  are  low  in 
cost,  easy  to  install,  cost  almost  nothing  to 
operate.  Give  you  better  lights  than  most  city 
people  enjoy.  Write  today  for  complete  illus¬ 
trated  catalog  showing  outfits,  fixtures,  etc. 

DAYTON  ELECTRICAL  MFG.  CO. 
231  St.  Clair  Street  Dayton.  Ohio 


1911. 


SFEEE}  RURAL)  NEW-YORKER 


7S9 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  patterns  and  measurements 
desired. 

The  first  group  shows  7040,  surplice 
peasant  waist,  34  to  42  bust,  with  seams 
over  shoulders,  with  or  without  collar 
and  revers,  with  or  without  French  lin¬ 


ing,  with  high  or  natural  waistline. 
6843,  fancy  blouse,  34  to  44  bust.  7053, 
girl’s  dress,  6,  8  and  10  years,  with  or 
without  tabs.  7009,  peasant  blouse  with 
bolero  effect,  34  to  42  bust.  6999, 
straight  plaited  skirt,  22  to  30  waist. 
6717,  boy’s  suit,  2,  4  and  6  years. 

In  the  second  group  are  7062,  tucked 
negligee,  34  to  42  bust.  7060,  plain 
peasant  waist,  34  to  44  bust,  with  under¬ 
arm  gores  extended  to  form  gussets, 


with  or  without  chemisette  effect,  with 
sleeves  gathered  into  bands  or  plain. 
7064,  semi-princesse  slip  in  empire 
styles,  34  to  42  bust.  7041,  girl’s  one- 
piece  bloomers  with  under-waist,  4  to 
12  years,  to  be  joined  or  finished  sepa¬ 
rately  and  attached  by  means  of  buttons 

and  buttonholes.  6620,  one-piece  night¬ 
gown,  for  misses  and  small  women,  14, 
16  and  18  years.  The  price  of  each 
pattern  is  10  cents. 

Removing  Wagon  Grease. 

Please  tell  me  how  to  remove  wagon 
grease  from  a  gingham  dress.  It  is  new, 
and  I  dislike  to  wash  it  if  I  can  remove  it 
without  so  doing.  c. 

Turpentine  usually  removes  wagon 
grease.  For  removing  from  colored  cot¬ 
ton  goods,  moisten  the  spot,  soap  thor¬ 
oughly,  and  after  letting  it  stand  a  few 
minutes  for  the  soap  to  act  on  it,  wash 
alternately  with  turpentine  and  water, 
until  the  stain  is  removed.  If  the  stains 
do  not  yield  to  this  treatment,  spread 
a  mixture  of  yolk  of  egg  and  turpen¬ 
tine  over  the  stains;  when  dry  scrape 
off,  and  finally  wash  in  hot  water. 
Modern  axle  grease  appears  to  be  large¬ 
ly  made  from  mineral  oils,  which  do  not 
dissolve  in  ordinary  washing;  hence 
the  use  of  turpentine.  Old-fashioned 
axle  grease  could  be  removed  by  first 
softening  with  lard  and  then  washing 
in  soap  and  water. 


The  “Fireless”  in  the  Farmhouse. 
No.  II. 


Some  Good  Sandwiches. 

Peanut  Sandwiches. — Shell  and  skin 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Clean 

Food 


It  is  an  incentive  to  hunger 
to  see  Uneeda  Biscuit  made. 

All  materials  are  of  the  finest  quality 
— clean,  nutritious.  The  dough  is 
mixed  in  spotless  trays  in  a  spotless 
bakery.  Rolled  thin;  baked  in  wonderful 
ovens  scientifically  heated  to  give  just  jjr 
the  right  crispness;  then  packed  into 
the  moisture-proof  packages  that 
keep  them  fresh,  crisp  and 
clean  till  eaten.  iSHU 


Never  sold 
in  bulk 


.  Hill  package  § 1 


NATIONAL  BISCUIT  COMPANY 


The  using  of  a  tea  chest  for  making 
a  fireless  cooker  was,  in  our  case,  a  mat¬ 
ter  of  its  being  the  handiest  box  we 
had.  Perhaps  a  smaller  one  would  have 
answered  for  a  four-quart  receptacle, 
but  by  changing  the  nests  in  the  hay 
we  can  put  in  three  or  four  smaller  pails 
instead  of  the  one  large  one.  Though 
maybe  deeper  than  needed,  a  box  of  the 
tea  chest’s  proportions  is  a  convenient 
height  and  takes  up  no  more  room  than 
a  chair  would  in  floor  space. 

We  do  not  feel  that  we  have  tested 
its  possibilities  as  a  cooker  very  fully, 
but  would  not  be  without  it  if  preparing 
the  breakfast  cereal  were  its  only  use. 
A  friend  accustomed  to  going  about  the 
world  tells  us  that  she  always  takes  oat¬ 
meal  in  preference  to  all  other  cereals 
when  at  the  best  hotels,  because  at  such 
places  are  used  large  steamers  which 
give  the  long  cooking  needed  to  make 
the  best  oatmeal.  But  she  has  owned 
that  the  products  of  our  fireless  cooker 
are  in  no  way  behind  the  best.  We 
put  the  oatmeal  cooker  on  the  range 
with  fresh  water  in  it  when  about  to 
sit  down  to  dinner.  We  measure  the 
needed  quantity  of  oatmeal  md  know 
the  right  amount  of  salt.  This  takes 
less  time  than  sprinkling  it  in  till  it 
looks  thick  enough,  and  it  gives  always 
the  right  result.  After  dinner  the  water 
is  probably  boiling  and  the  meal  is 
added  and  the  whole  left  to  cook,  on  an 
asbestos  mat,  till  we  are  ready  to  leave 
the  kitchen.  Then  it  is  put,  bubbling 
hot,  into  the  “fireless,”  there  to  remain 
undisturbed  till  next  morning,  when  it 
only  needs  heating  to  be  ready  for  the 
table.  It  never  burns  on  and  will 
cleave  from  the  dish  if  stirred  before 
heating.  All  Winter  our  “fireless”  was 
in  use  for  cooking  oatmeal,  corned  beef 
and  such  things  as  could  not  be  made  as 
good  in  any  other  way.  Enough  oatmeal 
is  cooked  for  two  mornings,  as  it  is 
exactly  as  good  when  reheated  the 
second  day. 

Never  does  the  cook  know  how  ap¬ 
petizing  can  be  the  odor  of  corned  beef 
or  pot  roast  until  she  lifts  the  cover  of 
a  “fireless”  and  smells  the  broth  there¬ 
in.  All  the  goodness  of  the  meat  seems 
pent  up  there.  And  never  otherwise  do 
we  realize  how  tender  meat  can  be 
without  being  tasteless.  Suppose  you 
have  no  ice  and  the  butcher’s  cart 
reaches  your  door  at  11  a.  m.  You  can 
put  a  piece  of  beef  cooking  at  once,  let 
the  range  fire  go  out  after  dinner  and 
transfer  the  beef  in  its  kettle  to  the 
“fireless.”  It  will  be  beautifully  tender 
next  morning  and  can  be  kept  in  a  cool 
place  till  just  before  dinner,  when  the 
broth  can  first  be  made  boiling  hot  and 
the  beef  plunged  in  long  enough  to  heat 
through. 

We  prefer  always  to  buy  fresh  beef 
and  rub  salt  into  it  when  corned  beef  is 
wanted.  It  stands  in  an  earthen  dish, 
covered  in  the  cellar  till  next  day.  If 
wanted  for  a  12  o’clock  dinner  it  goes 
over  the  fire  immediately  after  break¬ 
fast  and  into  the  “fireless”  about  10.  If 
needed  for  breakfast  hash  it  remains  in 
the  cooker  till  night  and  next  day  any 
sort  of  greens  in  season,  Swiss  chard, 
beet  tops  or  large  lettuce  leaves  are 
cooked  in  the  broth.  Such  greens  need 
no  further  salting  and  have  a  decided 
gain  in  flavor. 

It  is  needless  to  say  that  all  food  is 
salted  sufficiently  and  boiling  hot  when 
put  into  the  haybox.  If  not  left  there 
more  than  two  or  three  hours  it  will 
need  no  reheating  before  going  to  the 
table.  We  have  never  tried  how  much 
of  the  long  cooking  needed  by  baked 
beans  can  be  accomplished  by  the  “fire¬ 
less,”  but  find  that  they  ripen  to  a  finer 
flavor  and  keep  conveniently  warm  if 
put  into  it  after  dinner  on  Saturday 
when  intended  for  either  supper  that 
night  or  for  the  Sunday  morning  break¬ 
fast.  R.  ITHAMAR. 


freshly  roasted  peanuts  and  roll  them 
to  fine  crumbs  on  a  pastry  board.  Add 
salt  to  taste  and  mix  the  powdered 
nuts  with  enough  fresh  cream  cheese  to 
make  a  paste  that  can  be  easily  spread 
on  unbuttered  bread.  Keep  in  a  cool, 
damp  place  until  wanted. 

Club  Sandwich. — Two  thin  slices  of 
delicately  browned  toast ;  between  them 
a  thin  slice  of  carefully  broiled  ham, 
the  fat  crisp  and  brown;  a  thicker  slice 
from  the  breast  of  chicken,  and  a  lettuce 
leaf  touched  with  mayonnaise. 

Cucumber  Sandwiches.  —  Peel  and 
chop  until  fine  one  rather  large  cucum¬ 
ber  that  has  been  near  the  ice  for  an 
hour  or  more.  Add  a  slice  of  onion 
chopped  fine,  and  enough  mayonnaise  to 
make  it  spread  easily.  Put  between 
thin  slices  of  buttered  bread. 

Russian  Sandwiches. — Spread  thin 
slices  of  Boston  brown  bread  lightly 
with  cream  cheese.  Spread  also  an 
equal  number  of  slices,  buttered,  with 
fine  chopped  olives  and  pimentos 
mixed  with  mayonnaise  dressing.  Press 
together  in  pairs,  with  a  crisp  lettuce 
leaf  between  each  pair. 

Celery  and  Nut  Sandwiches. — One 
cup  chopped  celery,  half-dozen  chopped 
olives,  one  tablespoonful  of  rolled  pea¬ 
nuts  or, walnuts  mixed  with  salad  dress¬ 
ing.  Put  between  buttered  slices  of 
bread. 

Egg  and  Lettuce  Sandwiches. — Place 
slices  of  hard  boiled  egg  over  slices 
of  thinly  cut  buttered  bread,  sprinkle 
well  with  salt  and  white  pepper  and  a 
dash  of  paprika ;  on  this  lay  a  leaf  of 
crisp  lettuce,  allowing  a  little  to  project 
beyond  the  edges;  cover  with  its  com¬ 
panion  slice  of  buttered  bread  and  cut 
directly  or  diagonally  in  halves. 

Sardine  Sandwiches. — RemoVe  skin 
and  bones  from  sardines  and  mash  to  a 
paste.  Add  to  an  equal  quantity  of 
yolks  of  hardboiled  eggs  rubbed  through 
a  sieve.  Season  with  salt,  cayenne  and 
a  few  drops  of  lemon  juice;  moisten 
with  olive  oil  or  melted  butter.  Spread 
between  thin  slices  of  buttered  bread. 


ASK  FOR 


PRINTS 


The  reward  of  hard 
work  and  valuable  time 
at  dress-making  should 
be  an  enduring  gown. 

Simpson-Eddystone 

Silver  Grey  Prints 

are  durable  tub  proof  calicoes 
that  stand  the  rub  because  of 
their  well-woven  cotton  cloth 
and  deeply -dyed  fast  color. 
Their  tasteful  designs  add  to 
the  value  of  these  prints  that 
have  been  the  standard  since 
1842. 

Show  this  advertisement  to  your 
dealer  when  you  order,  and  don't 
accept  substitutes.  If  not  in  your 
dealer’s  stock  write  us  his  name  and 
address.  We’ll  help  him  supply 
you. 

[The  Eddystone  Mfg.  Co.,  Philad’a 


Fbunded  1842  by  Win.  Simps  on  Sr. 


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injure  anything:. 
Guaranteed  effect- 
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prepaid  for  20c. 
llAROLl)  SOMERS 
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Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


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July  15, 


VHB  RURAb  NBW-YOSKEB 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

A  BLACK  AND  WHITE  MILK  FOUNTAIN. 

Some  time  ago  you  asked  for  a  pic¬ 
ture  and  records  of  the  Holstein  cow 
Vale  DeKol  Elliston  No.  87448.  I 
promised  it  to  you  as  soon  as  she  had 
finished  her  semi-official  yearly  record 
on  June  8.  It  is  shown  on  page  751  Fig. 
279.  As  a  junior  three-year-old  this  cow 
gave  428.5  pounds  of  milk  and  made 
18.16  pounds  of  butter  in  seven  days, 
giving  as  high  as  63.8  pounds  of  milk 
and  2.6  pounds  of  butter  in  one  day.  At 
the  same  age  she  made  a  record  eight 
months  after  calving  of  299.8  pounds  of 
milk  and  12.43  pounds  of  butter  in  a 
week.  With  her  next  calf  as  a  senior 
four-year-old  she  gave  613.2  pounds  of 
milk  and  made  27.85  pounds  of  butter  in 
a  week.  This  time  she  was  tested  for  30 
days,  and  gave  2562  pounds  of  milk, 
making  108.92  pounds  of  butter. 

She  having  proven  her  ability  to  hold 
out  as  a  three-year-old  it  was  decided 
to  test  her  in  a  semi-official  yearly  test. 
In  this  test  she  went  above  all  expecta¬ 
tions,  and  gave  over  4,000  pounds  of 
milk,  more  than  any  cow  of  her  age, 
and  stood  only  fourth  place  in  milk  and 
butter  of  any  cow  of  any  age,  giving 
24,190  pounds  of  milk  and  1040  pounds 
of  butter  in  a  year.  While  in  the  semi¬ 
official  test  she  was  tested  for  seven 
days,  eight  months  after  calving,  and 
established  her  second  world’s  record  by 
giving  450.7  pounds  of  milk  and  making 
20.3  pounds  of  butter,  which  is  over 
75  pounds  of  milk  and  four  pounds  of 
butter  more  than  any  cow  of  her  age. 
Although  her  records  for  seven  and 
30  days  are  not  the  greatest  ever  made, 
she  shows  her  true  worth  as  a  utility 
cow  in  both  her  semi-official  and  eight 
months  after  calving  records. 

She  ran  in  a  small  pasture  all  Sum¬ 
mer  during  the  day  and  was  kept  up 
every  night  and  fed  all  of  the  Alfalfa 
hay  she  wanted  in  the  Summer.  In  the 
Winter  she  had  all  the  Alfalfa  and  sil¬ 
age  she  cared  for.  From  the  time  that 
beets  were  big  enough  to  feed  in  the 
Fall  until  May  1  she  had  about  two- 
thirds  of  a  bushel  of  beets  per  day.  Her 
grain  ration  consisted  of  20  pounds  of 
the  following  mixture  per  day:  150 
pounds  distillers’  grains,  150  pounds 
mixed  wheat  feed,  90  pounds  hominy,  80 
pounds  ground  oats  and  barley,  40 
pounds  oil  meal,  40  pounds  cotton-seed 
meal,  well  mixed  together.  She  is  not 
a  heavy  eater  for  a  Holstein  cow.  Many 
times  she  did  not  clean  up  quite  all  of 
her  grain,  and  it  had  to  be  taken  away 
from  her.  For  the  first  month  she  was 
milked  four  times  a  day  and  after¬ 
wards  three  times  for  the  rest  of  the 
year.  A.  a.  knapp. 

Cortland  Co.,  N.  Y. 

M  I  L  K. 


good  stand.  This  year  it  is  the  only  grass 
that  amounts  to  much.  Most  of  the  milk 
in  town  is  sent  to  New  York  City  over  the 
O.  &  W.  A  part  is  taken  to  a  creamery, 
some  to  a  cheese  factory,  while  a  few  men 
are  making  butter  at  home,  the  latter  hav¬ 
ing  Jersey  cows,  or  grades,  and  perhaps  are 
making  the  most  money  of  anyone.  But 
they  also  are  having  a  lot  of  hard  work 
that  the  rest  of  us  are  trying  to  avoid. 
Many  of  these  butter-makers  supply  the 
families  who  ship  their  milk.  Those  who 
ship  are  getting  80  cents  per  can  of  40 
quarts  now  (June),  We  expect  this  will  be 
cut  lower  next  month,  90  cents  for  May,  $1 
for  April.  We  would  like  more,  but  we  beat 
the  cheese  factories  with  cheese  at  11  cents 
per  pound,  and  I  know  we  could  not  make 
as  much  at  butter  with  our  milk.  Our 
cows,  and  most  of  them  in  town,  are  grade 
Ilolsteins,  giving  great  quantities  of  milk. 
My  best  yield  last  Winter  for  one  cow  one 
day  was  59  pounds ;  two  others  on  one  day, 
107  pounds,  on  Alfalfa,  corn  silage  and 
about  12  pounds  of  grain.  As  to  the  cost 
of  a  pound  of  milk,  that  is  beyond  me,  for 
I  am  not  by  nature  a  student,  so  have  not 
considered  the  subject  from  that  standpoint. 
The  thing  that  tries  my  patience  is  that  the 
consumer  has  to  pay  so  much  for  his  milk 
while  our  price  is  so  low.  E.  c.  s. 

Stockbridge,  N.  Y. 


The  farmers  in  this  community  are  “up 
against  it,”  so  to  speak.  A  man  must  be  a 
hard  worker  and  a  good  financier  to  break 
even  at  end  of  each  year.  Our  milk  is  de¬ 
livered  to  the  Hudson  Milk  and  Cream  Com¬ 
pany,  of  Hoboken,  N.  J.,  for  which  we  re¬ 
ceive  two  cents  per  quart  for  month  of 
June  at  this  station.  Farmers  who  live 
further  away  patronize  cheese  factories.  1 
understand  cheese  nets  patrons  about  same 
as  station  prices  for  month  of  May.  Corn 
and  grain  are  poor  and  backward  on  ac¬ 
count  of  dry  May  and  cold  June.  Crass 
light.  c.  E.  B. 

Messengerville,  N.  Y. 


The  prospect  for  dairying  in  this  section 
is  good.  The  present  price  of  milk  is  $1 
per  100  pounds  for  June,  and  I  think  farm¬ 
ers  can  afford  to  make  it  for  that  on  pas¬ 
ture.  There  are  not  any  farmers  going  out 
of  the  milk  business  in  particular.  The 
average  price  of  milch  cows  is  about  .$50. 
Feed  is  just  as  high,  if  not  higher,  than  in 
former  years.  The  dairy  business  is  all 
right  if  the  New  York  board  of  health  would 
mind  its  business  and  not  make  its  rules  so 
rigid,  and  the  people  would  eat  butter  in¬ 
stead  of  oleomargorinc.  When  the  Dairy¬ 
men’s  League  gets  in  power  tea  farmer  will 
.not  have  to  ask  New  York  what  he  can  do. 

Sidney  Center,  N.  Y.  h.  c.  d. 


Varying  Milk  Tests. 

On  page  712  “Adulterated  Milk,”  you  have 
stated  a  case  to  which  I  would  like  to  add 
“Was  the  man  guilty?”  I  have  a  parallel 
case.  In  the  early  part  of  May  I  had  my 
cows,  No.  1,  No.  2  and  No.  3,  tested  for  but¬ 
ter  fat.  and  they  tested  respectively  4.4  per 
cent.,  5.4  per  cent,  and  4.4  per  cent.  No.  3 
was  a  stripper  that  has  since  freshened. 
Three  days  ago  at  the  condensery,  where 
this  milk  had  been  tested,  they  told  me  that 
my  milk  tested  only  three  per  cent,  butter 
fat.  That  night  and  the  next  morning  I 
milked,  weighed,  strained  and  cooled  the 
milk  myself,  so  I  know  there  had  been  no 
tamperiing  with  the  milk  at  home.  I  told 
them  to  test  the  milk  again  and  they  said 
that  the  milk  tested  3.8  per  cent.  Of 
course  they  did  not  test  the  milk  until 
about  noon.  I  judge  the  man  to  be  honest 
and  I  know  the  milk  was  not  tampered 
with  before  reaching  the  condensery.  Now 
what  is  the  cause?  The  milk  should  have 
tested  4.73  per  cent.  w.  c.  m. 

Ohio. 

R.  N.-Y. — As  we  saw  last  week  a  number 
of  things  may  interfere  with  the  test.  A 
‘■hard”  water  containing  lime  may  influence 
it,  and  if  the  bottles  are  not  "thoroughly 
cleaned  a  difference  will  show.  We  believe 
there  are  some  cases  where  injustice  is  done 
by  careless  or  hasty  testing. 


The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.31 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  2%  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


Whole  milk  is  not  sold  in  this  neighbor¬ 
hood,  but  all  is  sent  to  New  York  City,  ex¬ 
cept  when  there  is  a  surplus ;  then  they 
make  a  little  cheese,  but  no  butter.  We 
are  getting  four  cents  a  quart  for  milk. 
This  year  is  the  best  year  we  have  had  in 
years  in  the  dairying  line.  In  fact,  all  the 
crops  are  fine,  too.  Most  of  the  farmers 
begin  their  pea  harvest  next  week  (June 
26).  This  is  a  great  part  of  the  country 
for  peas.  j.  e.  h. 

Randallsville,  N.  Y. 


This  is  a  dairy  country  from  start  to  fin¬ 
ish,  and  well  adapted  to  the  business.  Stock- 
bridge  is  a  town  of  hills  and  valleys,  with 
much  side-hill  land  that  could  not  be  used  to 
advantage  except  for  pasture,  raising  rich 
grass,  and  well  watered  by  springs  and  run¬ 
ning  streams.  The  underpinning  of  these 
hills  is  limestone  rock,  and  in  very  many 
places  they  come  so  near  the  surface  that 
not  much  else  is  to  be  seen.  Alfalfa  grows 
abundantly  without  any  more  trouble  than 
any  other  grass,  is  sown  with  grain  the 
same  way,  and  very  seldom  fails  to  make  a 


DAIRY  RATION. 

Will  you  fix  me  up  something  for  a  dairy 
ration  for  cows  now  on  pasture?  I  wish  to 
find  for  butter  and  cream.  The  general 
run  of  feeds  are  near  by,  aside  from  brew¬ 
ers’  grains.  Should  there  be  any  change 
between  now  and  a  Fall  ration? 

Vermont.  w.  w. 

It  is  very  difficult  to  compound  a  satis¬ 
factory  ration  for  a  herd  without  knowing 
the  prices  which  you  are  obliged  to  pay 
for  the  different  feeding  stuffs  in  your  lo¬ 
cality,  as  the  cost  of  practically  all  kinds 
of  dairy  feed  must  be  taken  into  considera¬ 
tion  before  an  economical  ration  can  be 
assured.  For  example,  if  you  have  to  choose 
between  dried  brewers’  grains  and  dried 
distillers’  grains  you  would  naturally  feed 
the  one  that  could  be  purchased  to  the  best 
advantage.  The  chemical  analyses  show 
that  the  best  dried  distillers’  grains  are 
worth  a  little  over  $4  per  ton  more  than 
the  best  dried  brewers’  grains  for  dairy 
purposes,  so  if  there  is  more  or  less  differ¬ 
ence  in  the  cost  you  can  easily  determine 
which  to  buy.  I  would  suggest  that  you 
try  feeding  four  or  five  pounds  of  the  dried 
brewers’  or  distillers’  grains,  soaked  several 
hours  before  feeding,  and  mixed  with  about 
three  pounds  of  corn  meal,  for  a  day’s  ra¬ 
tion  for  a  common  cow,  the  amount  to  be 
increased  or  diminished  according  to  the 
requirements  of  each  cow  and  the  amount 
of  milk  she  is  giving.  It  will  not  be  neces¬ 
sary  to  add  any  wheat  bran  to  this  ration, 
as  it  is  too  high  in  price,  but  if  ground 
oats  or  barley  is  available  at  a  reasonable 
price  you  could  mix  it  with  the  cornmeal, 
using  about  equal  parts  by  measure. 

C.  S.  G. 


FINALLY 

A  SHARPLES 

Tubular  Cream  Separator 

FOR  YOU 


THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO. 

WEST  CHESTER,  PA. 

Chicago,  III.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Portland,  Ore. 
Toronto,  Can.,  Winnipeg,  Can. 


Others  have  tried  disk-filled  and 
cheap  cream  separators— and  dis¬ 
carded  them  for  Tubulars.  They 
paid  dearly  to  learn  that  disks  are 
rot  needed  in  a  modern  separator, 
and  that  cheap  separators  lose  their 
cost  in  wasted  cream  the  first  year. 
Why  should  you  buy  the  same 
expensive  experience  ? 

You  will  finally  have  a  Tubular, 
because  Dairy  Tubulars  are  later 
than,  different  from  and  superior  to 
all  others.  No  disks. 
T wice  the  skimming  force 
of  others.  Skim  faster 
and  twice  asclean.  Built 
in  the  only  known  way 
which  overcomes  the 
many  parts  and  faults  of 
.  Patented.  Can- 
imitated. 

Why  bother  with 
any  other  when 
you  can  try  the  quality  sepa¬ 
rator— The  World’s  Best— 
the  Tubular — without  paying 
one  cent  in  advance  or  for 
freight.  Get  our  free  trial 
proposition  now.  Tubulars 
wear  a  lifetime.  Guaranteed 
forever  by  America’s  old- 
and  world’s  biggest 
separator  concern. 
Other  separators  taken  in 
part  payment  for  Tubulars. 


Write  for 
catalogue 
No.  153 


AND  UP¬ 
WARD 


AMERICAN 

SEPARATOR 

SENT  ON  TRIAL,  FULLY 
GUARANTEED.  A  new,  well 
made,  easy  running  separator  for 
$15.95.  Skims  hot  or  cold  milk; 
heavy  or  light  cream.  Different 
from  this  picture  which  illus¬ 
trates  our  large  capacity  ma¬ 
chines.  The  bowl  is  a  sanitary 
marvel,  easily  cleaned.  Whether 
dairy  is  large  or  small,  obtain  our 
handsome  free  catalog.  Address 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO. 


MILK  BOTTLES 


Perfect  cap  seats,  color,  weight, 
annealing,  capacity,  thickness  and 
even  distribution  guaranteed  :  :  : 

WISNER  MFG.  CO. 

230  Greenwich  Street,  New  York 


Death  the  Stomach 
Worms  Guaranteed 

"We  will  eentl  yon  100  lbs.  of  DR. 
HOLLAND’S  MEDICATED  STOCK 
SALT  on  60  days’  trial  freight 
prepaid.  If  you  derive  no  benefit. 
It  coats  you  nothing;  If  you  do,  It 
costs  you  $5.00.  Give  us  your  or¬ 
der  at  once. 

The  HOLLAND  STOCK  REMEDY 
COMPANY,  Wellington,  Ohio. 


NEWTON’S  HEAVE 

COUCH,  DISTEMPER  AIIBP 
AND  INDIGESTION  V/Ul\C 

The  firs£or  second  $1.00  can  cures  Heaves,  The  third 
'  can  Is  guaranteed  to  cure 


_  The  Standard  V eterinary  Remedy. 

Makes  the  Horse  Strong  and  Willing  to  Work. 

CURES  HEAVES  BY  CORRECTING  THE  CAUSE 
which  Is  Indigestion.  Send  for  booklet  “Horse  Troub¬ 
les.'’  Explains  fully  about  the  Wind,  Throat,  Stomach 
and  Blood.  Newton’sissafefor  colt,  adultormarein  foal 
A  GRAND  CONDITIONER  AND  WORM  EXPELLER 
#1.00  a  can  at  dealers,  or  express  prepaid 
THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


£  BSORBINE 


I  STOPS 
LAMENESS 

from  a  Bone  Spavin,  Ring  Bone, 
Splint,  Curb,  Side  Bone  or  similar 
trouble  and  gets  horse  going  sound.  Does 
not  blister  or  remove  tbe  hair  and 
horse  can  be  worked.  Page  17  in  pamphlet 
with  each  bottle  tells  how.  $2.00  a  bottle 
delivered.  Horse  Book  9  E  free. 

ABSORBINE,  JR.,  liniment  for  man¬ 
kind.  Removes  Painful  Swellings,  Enlarged 
Glands,  Goitre,  Wens,  Bruises,  Varicose 
Veins,  Varicosities,  Old  Soros.  Allays  Pain. 
Will  tell  you  more  if  you  write.  $1  and  $2  a  bottle 
at  dealers  or  delivered.  Manufactured  only  by 

IV.F.YOUNG.  P.D.  F.,88  Temple  St„  Springfield, Mass. 

Terre  Haute  Veterinary  College 

A  complete  practical  course  in  Veterinary  Science. 

_ Write  today  for  catalogue  and  information. 

DR.  S.  V.  RAMSEY,  -:-  TERRE  HAUTE,  IND. 

PHI  I  IF  D| | DC— From  imported  stock.  Females 

UULLIL  I  UlOcheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


Highest  Quality  and  Best  Color 


The  prepotency  of  the  Guernsey  Bull  or  his 
ability  to  stamp  the  desirable  characteristics  of  the 
breed  on  his  offspring 

Makes  him  most  valuable  for  improving  the 
common  dairy  stock  of  any  section. 


A.  Dairy  of  Grade  Guernseys  will  give  Rich, 
Fine-Flavored,  High-Colored  Milk, 
Cream  and  Butter. 


FURTHER  INFORMATION  REGARDING  THE  GRADE 
GUERNSEYS  BY  ADDRESSING 

The  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club 

Box  R  PETEEBORO,  H5T.  H. 


FOR  SALE-GRADE  GUERNSEYS  EE,T?: 


JULY  OFFERING 

Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford,  Conn. 
Fantim’s  Zac,  Taylor,  imported  Guernsey  bull,  head 
of  our  herd,  is  offered  for  sale  to  avoid  inbreeding. 
One  of  the  grandest  individuals  in  the  U.  S.  and 
perfect  in  every  detail.  Photo,  on  request. 

One  registered  Berkshire  Boar,  seven  month  sold. 

One  magnificent  Chester  White  Boar,  14  months 
old,  at  a  sacrifice. 

Eight,  four  and  five  months  old  Jersey  Bulls  (Reg.) 
from  32-36  pound  stock  and  Pogis  blood. 

We  will  guarantee  that  the  above  stock  is  perfect 
and  cannot  be  beat  at  the  price,  or  we  will  refund 
your  money  and  your  carfare. 


am  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  tliatlt  is  possible  to  se. 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  nofemales- 
A.  A.  OORTELYOU,  Somerville  N.  J. 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEI N-FRI  ESI  AN  ASSN  OF  AMERICA 
F.L.  HOUGHTON.SEC'Y.BOX  lOS.BRATTLEBORO.  VT. 


REG.  HOLSTEIN  MALE  CALVES 

I  Closely  related  to  champions  of  the  world  ■ 
at  farmers’  prices.  Fine  individuals,  nicely  I 
marked.  Fifty  per  cent  below  value. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Write  today.  | 

F.  H.  RIVENBURGH,  HILLHURST  FARM,  MUNNSVILLE.  N.  Y. 


AT  LAUREL  FARM 


we  have  on  hand  some  half-dozen  sons  of  Fern's 
Jubilee,  73852,  A.  J.  C.  C.,  from  ten  months  down 
to  a  few  days  old.  Ail  out  of  good  cows.  Discount 
price  for  next  thirty  days. 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N,  V. 


Breed  Up— Not  Down_Jreorrc.“"«1,S?(lv?: 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  R.  F. 
SHANNON,  91)7  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


JFRSFY  HULL  fifll  c-few  Berkshire 

«JLIfOCI  DULL  vALr  BOAR  PIGS.  REAS¬ 
ONABLE.  A.  M.  DAVIS,  Trooper,  Pa. 


SWXWE 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  oid,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.-^h0^ 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  toser- 
vice  of  Watson’s  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Pioorietor,  Marbleilale,  Conn. 


I  ARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD  —  Regular  Summer 
™  Offoring  of  Bred  Sows.  Eighty  at  our  home  farm, 
8  to  10  months  old,  some  of  them  bred ;  selected  from 
large  litters  out  of  mature  dams.  $35  up.  Come  and 
look  them  over.  H.  C.  8  H.  B.  HARPENDING,  Dundee,  N.Y. 


nilRnPC  the  BIG«  «eep  fellows 

UUflUUO  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS.  Transfer,  Pa. 


Phoofni'  Whitoc  Enquiries  promptly  answered 
ulloolGl  ¥Y 111 Ico  Eugene  T.  Black,  Scio,  N.  Y 


OHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
O  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  IS.  BARNES.  Oxford.  N.  V. 


SHEEP 


flra  rl*»  Drvrcof  F  I  would  sell  twenty 

cxraae  Liorset  ewe*  high  grad0  Dorset 

ewes — good  ones.  Also  a  few  registered  Dorset  ram 
lambs.  JOHN  A.  DOREMUS,  Gladstone,  N.  J. 


C  A  I  C— Three  Pure  Bred  Dorset 
^ Lamb  Rams— four  and 
five  months  old  —  best  stock.  $10  apiece. 

C.  E.  ROCHE,  56  East  Park  St.,  East  Orange,  New  Jersey. 


HORSES 


Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
at  farmers’  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O, 


YOUNG  MEN  WANTED  to  learn 

VETERINARY  profession.  Catalogue 
free.  Grand  Rapids  Veterinary 
College,  Dep.16,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


1911. 


VHE  RURAb  NEW-YORKEH 


7ai 


The  Henyard. 


There’s  many  a  hen  who  loudly  cackles 
With  hen  “hot  air”  who  never  tackles 
The  honest  job  of  laying  eggs. 

She  struts  about  upon  her  legs, 

But  rarely  ventures  on  the  nest. 

Go,  mark  her  well — give  her  a  rest, 

Off  with  her  head — the  hour  draws  nigh 
To  make  her  into  chicken  pie. 


TROUBLE  WITH  HEN. 

1.  I  have  a  hen  that  has  been  sitting 
three  weeks  on  15  eggs.  Eight  of  the  eggs 
were  either  broken  or  disappeared ;  the 
other  seven  failed  to  hatch.  I  cracked 
them  and  found  a  dead  chick  in  each  one. 

I  bought  14  day-old  chicks  and  put  them 
with  her.  Now  I  notice  the  hen  will  cluck 
to  the  chick,  putting  her  head  under  her 
body  further  and  further  and  backing  up 
till  she  bumps  against  something  and  turns 
a  complete  somersault.  What  makes  her  do 
this?  I  have  found  four  of  the  chicks  dead 
and  think  she  falls  on  them  when  she  goes 
over.  Why  did  the  chicks  die  in  the  shell, 
as  the  hen  never  left  the  nest  except  for 
a  few  minutes  at  a  time?  2.  I  have  several 
young  trees  on  which  the  leaves  curl  up. 
Can  you  tell  me  what  causes  this? 

New  York.  f.  c.  B. 

1.  Why  chicks  die  in  the  shell  is  a 
question  that  every  poultryman  has  to 
consider,  and  the  same  problem  con¬ 
fronts  him  whether  he  hatches  by  hens 
or  by  incubators.  Not  every  hen  is  a 
good  hatcher;  some  stick  to  the  nest  so 
closely  that  the  eggs  are  not  aired 
enough,  and  are  not  turned  as  frequently 
as  they  should  be;  other  hens  stay  on 
the  nest  until  the  eggs  are  cold,  and  do 
it  frequently.  They  seem  not  to  care 
anything  about  their  eggs,  but  when 
caught  and  put  back  on  the  nest  will 
settle  down  and  attend  to  business.  This 
frequent  and  excessive  cooling  will  delay 
the  hatch  sometimes  two  or  three  days, 
and  the  chicks  when  hatched  are  weak 
and  often  worthless.  But  the  great  cause 
of  chicks  dying  in  the  shell  is  lack  of 
vitality  in  the  breeding  stock.  The  stock 
may  be  strong  and  vigorous,  but  pushed 
by  high  feeding  through  the  Fall  and 
Winter  to  obtain  all  the  eggs  possible 
while  prices  are  high,  it  stands  to  reason 
that  the  later  eggs  will  not  hatch  as 
well,  because  the  lien  must  put  the  germ 
of  life  into  every  egg,  and  to  a  certain 
extent  deplete  her  vitality.  Every  poul¬ 
tryman  knows  that  as  a  general  rule 
late-hatched  chicks  never  grow  as  large 
or  make  as  strong  and  vigorous  fowls  as 
the  early  hatched  ones,  and  many  of  the 
best  breeders  take  especial  pains  to  pre¬ 
vent  laying  in  the  Fall  and  early  Winter 
by  feeding  scantily  and  cutting  out  the 
meat  ration,  so  as  to  have  stronger  and 
more  vigorous  eggs  and  more  of  them 
in  the  hatching  season.  What  causes  the 
hen  to  reach  under  herself  until  she 
“turns  a  somersault”  can  only  be  guessed 
at ;  it  may  be  that  there  is  a  fold  or 
twist  in  the  oviduct  that  makes  her  feel 
uncomfortable,  or  perhaps  she  has  worms 
or  little  insects  in  her  intestines,  as  de¬ 
scribed  by  a  recent  correspondent. 

2.  The  cause  of  the  leaves  curling  up 
on  the  inquirer’s  trees  is  undoubtedly 
plant  lice.  If  he  will  look  on  the  under 
side  of  the  leaves  he  can  easily  see  the 
lice.  The  leaf-curl  on  peach  trees  is  an 
entirely  different  thing;  it  is  a  disease 
that  will  cause  the  leaf  to  drop  off,  but 
new  leaves  will  form.  This  kind  of 
leaf-curl  can  be  prevented  by  early 
spraying.  I  had  a  young  cherry  tree 
with  the  leaves  on  the  end  of  every  twig  '. 
curled  up  by  lice.  I  took  a  basin  of 
strong  soapsuds  and  dipped  the  ends  of 
the  twigs  in  it,  hoping  to  kill  the  lice.- 
It  killed  the  tree;  whether  it  killed  the 
lice  or  not  I  am  not  sure. 

GEO.  A.  COSGROVE. 


Chicken  Weeds. 

The  farmer’s  chicken  yard,  at  this  time  of 
the  year,  needs  weeding  quite  as  much  as 
his  garden  or  field  crops,  and  it  is  directly 
profitable.  By  weeding  I  mean  culling  out 
the  old  hens,  and  by  all  means  the  old  roos¬ 
ters.  It  is  bad  enough  to  have  a  lot  of 
cackling  old  swindlers  about,  but  to  keep 
over  a  dozen  or  so  broken-down  bumble¬ 
footed  old  stags  because  you  were  too  "busy” 
to  dispose  of  them  in  their  prime  or  are 
just  waiting  for  them  to  die  is  absolutely 
foolish.  What  are  you  feeding  them  for? 
No  market  wants  them,  and  to  put  one  of 
those  “toughs”  on  a  country  table  is  a  sin, 
nothing  less.  Yet  hundreds  of  farmers  are 
doing  this  very  thing,  and  some  of  them  ac¬ 
tually  think  they  are  making  money  at  it — 
letting  the  hens  take  care  of  themselves. 
That  is  just  what  they  are  doing,  “taking 
care  of  themselves”  and  not  their  owner. 
Why  not  follow  some  profitable  rule?  Make 
it  your  business  to  clean  out  all  your  male 
birds  except  two  or  three  by  June  1  and 
have  these  not  more  than  a  year  old.  Stop 
keeping  any  hens  after  they  are  two  years 
okl,  and  get  rid  of  them  as  early  in  the 
Summer  or  late  Spring  as  possible.  Don’t 
feed  them  through  the  hot  weather.  It  may 
be  a  temptation  to  save  over  a  few  tested 
sitters  or  one  or  two  that  have  laid  well. 
Don’t  do  it.  Two  generations  are  enough  to 
keep  track  of  and  are  quite  likely  enough  to 
have  as  good  sitters  and  layers  as  you  have 
ever  had. 

About  May  1  is  a  good  time  to  begin 
working  the  two-year-olds  and  their  elders 
off.  Get  rid  of  them  in  small,  uniform  lots 
whenever  you  can,  but  be  sure  you  do  it. 
If  you  have  Plymouth  Rocks  or  any  other 
fairly  meaty  breed  aim  to  get  them  off  early 
before  they  get  broody  or  thin.  Such  birds 
at  the  right  time  will  bring  a  dollar  apiece, 


while  if  you  let  them  run  and  get  thin,  50 
cents  will  be  nearer  their  value,  and  mighty 
hard  to  sell  at  that.  As  the  warm  weather 
comes  on  and  Spring  chickens  crowd  the  mar¬ 
ket,  heavy  old  hens  are  not  wanted.  Leg¬ 
horns,  running  at  3  to  3%  pounds  and  if 
fairly  plump  do  well  for  awhile,  and  during 
June  past  such  birds  have  brought  me  15 
to  16  cents  a  pound  net.  The  main  thing, 
however,  is  to  begin  weeding  in  time  ;  send 
the  old  birds  off  early  in  fairly  uniform  lots, 
and  not  board  them  through  the  Summer. 
Laying  eggs  at  a  profit  and  not  just  laying 
eggs  is  what  we  keep  hens  for.  r.  b. 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE. 

In  the  past  seven  months  New  York  im¬ 
ported  1,045,775  boxes  of  lemons  from 
Sicily. 

N.  Y.  City  officially  spent  $31,609  for 
fireworks  in  12  displays  throughout  the  va¬ 
rious  boroughs. 

Army  goods  contracts  have  been  let  cov¬ 
ering  100,000  blankets  at  average  cost  of 
$2.05  each,  and  300,000  yards  of  tent  cloth 
at  33  cents. 

Uncle  Sam  had  about  $25,000,000  loose 
change  in  his  pocket  at  the  beginning  of 
his  business  year,  July  1.  This  is  $10,000,- 
000  more  than  last  year.  Total  expenses  for 
the  year,  exclusive  of  the  Panama  Canal, 
which  has  used  about  $40,000,000,  were 
$660,000,000. 

Selling  Wool  Locally. — “I  have  a  flock 
of  grade  Shropshires  and  have  some  offers 

for  the  wool  from  the - Woolen  Co. 

What  class  would  this  wool  come  under  in 
the  market  quotations?”  w. 

Erie,  Penn. 

It  would  be  impossible  to  toll  how  this 
wool  would  be  graded  without  seeing  it,  as 
this  is  a  job  requiring  careful  examination. 
If  the  mill  referred  to  is  a  fairly  enterpris¬ 
ing  concern,  our  advice  would  be  to  sell  the 
wool  locally  rather  than  ship  to  New  York 
or  Boston.  It  is  a  quite  common  custom 
for  the  local  manufacturer  to  get  his  sup¬ 
plies  from  the  large  markets,  to  which  the 
nearby  producer  has  perhaps  already  sent 
his  wool.  This  works  well  for  the  com-, 
mission  men  and  speculators,  but  is  not  a 
good  thing  for  the  mill  men,  producers  or 
buyers  of  cloth. 

Butter  Gone  Wrong. — “I  am  a  mer¬ 
chant  in  a  small  town  and  have  about 
100  pounds  of  butter  in  five-pound  pails 
which  has  become  strong.  It  is  all  made 
by  the  same  man  and  I  paid  from  20  to 
25  cents  for  it.”  s.  g. 

New  York. 

Th  best  plan  we  know  is  to  ship  such 
butter  to  some  reliable  commission  dealer 
having  a  very  wide  range  of  trade.  The 
name  of  a  dealer  who  can  sell  anything 
from  fancy  creamery  to  soap  grease  has 
been  given  the  Jnquirera  The  price  se¬ 
cured  will  depend  on  what  condition  the 
butter  is  in,  but  the  owner  will  evidently 
lose  several  cents  per  pound.  Attempts 
are  sometimes  made  to  work  over  strong 
butter  with  milk  or  water,  but  the  result 
is  usually  a  greasy  mess,  worse  than  be¬ 
fore.  In  large  factories  where  a  business 
is  made  of  renovation,  special  machinery 
for  cleansing  and  granulation  can  get  some¬ 
thing  edible  out  of  very  poor  butter,  but 

this  can  only  be  done  with  the  proper 

machinery. 

In  cases  where  produce  damaged  in  tran¬ 
sit  is  refused  by  commission  men,  some 
railroads  claim  that  in  making  the  settle¬ 
ment  they  are  entitled  to  deduct  the  com¬ 
mission  from  the  market  price  of  the  dam¬ 
aged  goods,  on  the  ground  that,  as  the  con¬ 
signee  did  not  sell  the  stuff  he  is  not  en¬ 
titled  to  commission  on  it.  Considerable 

nerve  is  needed  to  take  such  a  position, 

which  is  certainly  unreasonable.  Financial¬ 
ly  it  makes  no  difference  to  the  shipper  of 
the  goods  whether  the  railroad  or  commis¬ 
sion  man  gets  the  commission  on  the  part 
damaged,  but  when  the  case  is  analyzed  it 
is  clear  that  the  receiver  has  sold  the  goods 
to  the  railroad  instead  of  to  some  other 
customer  and  is  as  much  entitled  to  com¬ 
mission  on  it  as  on  the  undamaged  part 
sold  in  the  regular  way,  provided  he  se¬ 
cures  for  the  shipper  from  the  railroad,  the 
full  market  value,  based  on  sales  of  un¬ 
damaged  stock  at  that  time.  w.  w,  h. 


The  Superiority  of 


T 


is  of  greatest  importance  when  butter 
prices  are  low  and  the  difference  be¬ 
tween  separators  may  mean  the  differ¬ 
ence  between  profit  and  loss  in  dairying. 

THE  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  CO.I 

165-167  BROADWAY, 

NEW  YORK. 


29  E.  MADISON  ST. 

CHICAGO. 


BREEN  MOUNTAIN  SILOS 

Write  TODAY  for  Booklet  to 
CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MANUFACTURING  CO 
338  West  St.,  Rutland,  Vt. 


25 


Reasons 


Unadllla  Silos  are  far  be  tier  than  others  will 
be  mailed  you  promptly  on  receipt  of  your 
name  and  address.  UN  AD1LLA  SILOS  have 
unobstructed,  continuous  Poor  Fronts 
Which  allow  you  to  shove  ensilage  out  in¬ 
stead  of  pitching  It  up  3  to  C  ft.  over  cross¬ 
bars.  It  costs  you  15  cents  a  ton  less  to  shove 
ensilage  out  of  the  UNADII.I.A  SILO  than  it 
does  t a  pitch  it  out  of  an  ordinary  silo.  Ad¬ 
justable  door  frarno  to  and  from  doors,  mal¬ 
leable  iron  1  uga  cold  rolled  over  threads  ou  — 
end  of  steel  hoops  %  stronger  than  on  ordinary  1: 
Extra  discount  for  earl  y  orders,  Agents  wanted. 
UXAIULLA  SILO  CO,,  Box  It,  Ilnndllla,  Ji 


clogging;  one  lever  starts  and  stops  both  feed 
rollers  and  apron;  flexible  swivel  top  distri¬ 
butor,  handy  side  table,  detachable  foot 
safety  device  to  prevent  breakage.  It  is  guar¬ 
anteed  (under  equal  conditions)  to  do  more 
and  better  work  size  for  size  than  any  other 
make,  and  to  last  longer.  Write  today  for  free 
illustrated  catalog. 

A  DPI  CTfiM  MANI1PA  GT1  TPIMfT  PH 


Most  farm  animals  (except 
the  hiredman)  thrive  on  silage. 

It  is  cheap  and  very  valuable  feed,  relished  greatly 
by  live  stock.  Stimulates  the  appetite  and  aids 
digestion.  Healthy  animals  mean  greater  profit. 
Mr.  BertBrownof  Wasco,  Ill.  saved  overSlOO  a  month 
and  turned  a  losing  proposition  into  a  winning  one  by 
using  an  ylppleton  Self  Feed  Silo  Filler,  and  feed 
ing  his  cattle  silage.  It  will  pay  you  also  to  invest  in  an 

APPLETON  SILO  FILLER 

(SELF  FEE D) 

—made  in  sizes  to  fit  every  need.  Has  a  solid  oak 
frame;  positive  feed;  traveling  self-feed  apron;  big  throat 
capacity;  four  spiral 
tool  steel  knives; 
special  springs  to 
prevent  binding  and 


Make  More 
From  Your  Cows 

Proper  feeding  means  better  health  and  a  larger 
millc  yield.  Silage  is  the  best  substitute  for  green 
feed,  which  acts  as  tonic  and  laxative  and  makes 
June  butter  bring  top  prices,  You  ought  to  feed 
silage  and  you  ought  to  cut  it  with  the 

BLIZZARD  cutler 

which  cuts  either  green  or  dry  feed  slick  as  a 
whistio,  knives  are  adjustable  even  when  running 
at  full  speed.  Elevatos  by  draft  in  any  direction 
and  to  any  height.  The  Blizzard  also  has  the  origi¬ 
nal  and  most  successful  Self  Feed  Table.  Comes 
to  you  in  only  three  pieces,  mounted  or  unmounted 
ready  for  business  and  built  by  the  pioneer  manu 
facturers  of  ensilage  cutters. 

^IIARANTFFD  Ev5ry  part  13  perfect 

1  LtLtLf  and  guaranteed.  Sols 
the  machine  as  a  whole.  We  test  every  one  at 
a  speed  50  per  cent  greater  than  you  will  ever 
run  it  in  actual  use. 

Don’t  purchase  any  cutter  until  you  get 
our  new  catalogue  showing  I9V1  improve¬ 
ments.  Write  for  it,  also  “Why  Silage 
Pays,”  n  sensible  book  every  raiser  of 
stock  should  read.  Free  if  you  send  your 
name  and  address. 

THE  JOS.  DICK  MFG.  CO. 

1426Tu*car«was  St.  Canton,  O.  A 


Fill  Your  SiloFirstl 

Pay  Afterwards 

We  want  to  prove  to  you  that  our  machines 
|  are  a  good  investment  before  you  give  up 
I  your  money.  We  know  they  are  so  good  that 
e  do  not  feel  it  a  risk  to  is 
make  this  offer.  Just  tell  WL  In  our 
us  your  needs.  61st 

Year 


SILOFILLINQl 
MACHINERY] 

hai<Jl  yoara'oxperionce  behind  it — more  experience 
than  any  other  machinery  of  ite  kind  made.  It  haa 
thousands  of  en'husiastic  owners  in  every  dairy  and 
intensive  farming  district  in  the  U.  S.  It  is  not  only 

FULLY  GUARANTEED 

to  b*  fr««  from  defects  at  all  times  but  also  to  t)s 
th*  strougeit,  most  durable  and  modern  of  any- 
manufactured.  Our  offer  will  help  you  to  deter¬ 
mine  this  before  you  buy.  Aik  an  expert's  advice  if 

you  care  to. 

Our  large  free  eatalog  shows  our  complete  lins. 
Write  for  it. 

E.  W.  ROSS  CO. Box  IS  Springfield,  Ohio  ] 

“  Wa  also  manufacture  the  Ross  Silo  ? 

A  complete  stock  of  machines  and  repairs  carried 
with  The  Fairbanks  Co.,  Syracuse,  N.Y.,  Mallalieu 
&  Convey,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Brintou  &  Worth, 
Westchester  Pa., Fred  B. Fuller, Gouverneur.N.Y. 


1 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOR 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 
GUARANTEED  MONEY-SAVING 


iU  INTERNATIONAL 
Bl  ■  SILOS 

Si 

Jill  91 

ill ' 


strongest  built,  simplest  to  put  up  ami  easiest  operated 
on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take-up  hoop- 
continuous  open-door  front — air-tight  door  and  per* 
manent  ladder  are  some  of  the  unusual  features.  Th« 

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Y  and  thus  keep  foreign  substances 
out  of  the  knives  and  blower.  Greater 
^capacity,  greater  safety,  greater 
^  convenifuce,  less  power,  less 
repairs.  Send  for  catalogue. 

HARDER  MFG.  CO. 
Box  11 ,  CoblesklU,  N.  Y. 


Do  You  Know  What 

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EXPERTS  have  proven  that  corn,  combined 
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tages. 
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OUR  GUARANTY 

We  guarantee  that  the 
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P  A  PFr  PNEUMATIC 
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Box  In  Shortsvillc,  N.  Y. 


702 


July  15, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


It  may  not  be  generally  known  that 
the  New  York  State  Department  of 
Agriculture,  23  Park  Row,  New  York, 
maintains  a  bureau  for  farm  help.  A 
blank  is  furnished  the  farmer  on  appli¬ 
cation,  so  that  he  can  designate  the  kind 
of  help  required.  He  is  required  to  ad¬ 
vance  railroad  fare. 

A  friend  of  mine  bad  an  offer  of  a  Long 
Island  lot  free.  He  sent  the  card  for  In¬ 
formation  as  requested,  and  an  agent  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Improvement  Company  called 
on  him  today  and  offered  him  the  lot  free 
for  advertising  purposes,  hut  he  would  have 
to  pay  $40  to  cover  expenses  of  improve¬ 
ments,  etc.  I  advised  him  not  to  invest. 
Do  you  know  anything  about  the  concern? 

New  York.  H.  S.  w. 

The  whole  story  is  that  they  are 
willing  to  sell  the  lots  for  $40  eacb. 
The  rest  of  it  is  to  make  you  believe 
you  arc  getting  something  for  nothing. 
We  know  that  some  of  the  lots  sold  on 
Long  Island  on  similar  schemes  cost 
from  $3  to  $4  per  acre — probably  30 
cents  a  lot. 

How  about  the  inclosed  proposition  from 
Clifford  B.  Harmon,  president  of  the  Regal 
Oil  and  Oas  Co.,  315  Madison  avenue.  New 
York?  Would  you  advise  a  small  invest¬ 
ment?  i'.  c.  n. 

Connecticut. 

We  would  advise  nothing  of  the  kind. 
It  is  a  proposition  to  put  your  money 
in  bonds  of  an  oil  company  with  a  25 
per  cent,  bonus  of  stock.  The  circular 
letter  gives  the  usual  jolly  about  the 
profits  made  in  Standard  Oil,  but  I  find 
not  a  word  about  the  tens  of  millions 
lost  in  similar  schemes  and  no  word  of 
explanation  that  the  Standard  Oil  is 
entirely  a  different  proposition.  Pro¬ 
moters  of  oil  companies  talk  very  boldly 
and  glibly  to  inexperienced  investors, 
but  not  one  of  them  has  the  courage  to 
approach  an  experienced  banker  with 
his  oil  securities.  They  would  simply 
be  laughed  out  of  the  office,  if  not 
ejected  in  any  more  forcible  way.  Keep 
your  mony  out  of  oil  and  mining 
schemes. 

We  have  before  cautioned  our  people 
against  the  Spanish  prisoner  swindle, 
but  it  is  being  worked  again  rather  per¬ 
sistently.  The  scheme  is  started  by 
mailing  letters  to  persons  who  are  se¬ 
lected  as  victims  by  some  of  the 
schemers.  If  you  get  the  letter  some 
one  has  selected  you  as  likely  to  bite 
on  the  pathetic  story.  The  plot  varies. 
In  some  instances  the  writer  represents 
himself  as  a  dying  prisoner  in  a  mili¬ 
tary  fortress.  He  has  a  fortune  on  de¬ 
posit  in  the  United  States,  but  the  cer¬ 
tificate  of  stock  is  concealed  in  a  secret 
receptacle  of  his  valise,  which  has  been 
seized  by  the  court  at  Cartagena,  and  it 
will  be  held  until  the  prisoner  or  his 
representative  has  satisfied  the  cost  of 
the  trial.  He  claims  distant  relation¬ 
ship  with  the  addressee.  If  the  first 
letter  bears  fruit  it  is  quickly  followed 
by  others  in  which  the  prisoner’s  daugh¬ 
ter  plays  a  prominent  part.  She  is  in 
Spain  without  a  protector.  A  proposal 
is  made  to  send  her,  accompanied  by  a 
priest,  to  the  newly  found  relative  for 
protection  if  enough  money  is  sent  to 
release  the  valise  containing  the  secret 
receptacle  and  the  certificate  of  deposit. 
If  the  relative  will  accept  the  trust  he  is 
to  receive  one-fourth  of  the  prisoner’s 
entire  fortune  of  about  $600, (XX).  Of 
course,  the  “relative”  never  hears  from 
the  swindlers  after  he  has  sent  the 
money  requested. 

A  nurseryman  received  and  accepted  an 
order  for  peach  trees  in  February,  11)10;  I 
wrote  him  to  ship  the  last  of  March  and 
twice  since,  and  now,  April  20,  after  I 
have  had  my  ground  ready  for  nearly  a 
month,  lie  writes  and  says  he  will  not  be 
able  to  fill  the  order.  If  this  does  not 
leave  a  person  in  a  hole  then  I  don't  know 
what  does.  It  is  impossible  to  get  other 
trees  at  this  late  date,  and  1  consider  this 
nurseryman  a  fraud,  and  yet  you  print  his 
advertisement.  I  want  to  know  if  this  is 
fair  treatment?  G.  M.  K. 

New  Jersey. 

This  is  a  subject  that  has  caused  us 
considerable  annoyance  the  past  season. 
This  and  similar  complaints  have  come 
in  from  perfectly  responsible  and  relia¬ 
ble  houses.  The  grower’s  side  is  well 
expressed  in  the  above  complaint.  The 
nurserymen  say  stock  has  been  scarce, 
and  they  could  not  tell  in  advance  just 
how  they  were  coming  out.  When  they 
return  the  remittance  they  feel  they  have 
done  all  that  could  be  expected  of  them, 
and  point  out  that  less  responsible  con¬ 
cerns  would  take  chances  and  fill  the 
brders  from  such  stock  as  they  could 
get  from  wholesale  growers.  Still  others 


THE  RURAb 

excuse  themselves  by  saying  that  they 
had  orders  in  with  wholesalers  for 
enough  stock  to  make  up  their  shortage. 
At  the  last  moment  the  wholesalers  dis¬ 
appointed  them,  and  in  turn  they  had  no 
choice  but  to  disappoint  their  retail  cus¬ 
tomers.  This  is  a  new  complaint  this 
year.  If  a  house  made  a  practice  of  it 
there  would  be  cause  for  more  criticism, 
but  we  all  get  caught  at  times  by  condi¬ 
tions  which  we  cannot  control ;  and 
annoying  as  an  experience  of  this  kind 

is,  we  simply  are  obliged  to  bear  with  it. 

What  do  you  think  of  the  inclosed  Oscar 
E.  Binner  Co.,  Chicago,  Ill.,  proposition  to 
publish  Luther  Burbank’s  records? 

Massachusetts.  M.  B. 

We  think  it  is  the  prettiest  combina¬ 
tion  of  sentiment,  philanthropy,  charity 
and  cunning  that  we  ever  saw  in  a 
chase  of  hard  dollars  and  cents.  When 
we  first  read  we  conclude  the  whole 
purpose  is  one  of  glory  and  concern  for 
humanity.  But  as  we  read  on  we  find 
the  work  is  to  scheme  the  philanthro¬ 
pists  rich.  In  fact  it  is  to  be  such  a 
get-rich-quick  scheme  you  are  not 
allowed  to  invest  more  than  $5,000  in 

it.  We  had  rumors  nearly  two  years 
ago  that  this  scheme  was  to  be  worked, 
but  the  “wonderberr.y”  fake  provoked 
so  much  discussion  at  the  time,  the 
Burbank  exploitations  were  suppressed 
for  a  more  appropriate  time.  What  is 
the  scheme  now?  Why,  a  very  simple 
proposition.  You  put  up  $150,000,  and 
the  other  fellows  will  spend  it.  If  it  is 
a  success,  they  win.  If  not,  you  lose. 
When  anyone  will  show  us  a  scheme 
worked  on  these  lines  that  succeeds, 
we  would  like  to  publish  the  facts  by 
way  of  variety.  It  is  too  bad  that 
men  who  invest  their  own  money  do 
not  see  the  big  possibilities  of  profit  in 
such  schemes.  We  would  be  glad  to 
have  some  one  give  us  one  single  sub¬ 
stantial  reason  why  a  farmer  should 
put  his  savings  into  such  a  hazard,  ex¬ 
cept  the  fame  of  having  his  name 
printed  somewhere  on  a  fly  leaf. 

A  very  pretty  alleged  swindle  was  re¬ 
vealed  in  a  New  York  City  court  last 
spring  through  the  arrest  of  Emory  M. 
Rogers  and  George  H.  Laporte  on  the 
complaint  of  one  Charles  Hedges.  The 
advertisement  that  caught  Mr.  Hedges 
read  as  follows ; 

A  Paying  Enterprise  Wanted — By  a  com¬ 
bination  of  farmers  who  subscribed  $100,000 
to  a  stock  which  they  cannot  get.  Kirk¬ 
wood. 

According  to  reports  he  was  looking 
for  investors  for  bonds  of  a  fruit-grow¬ 
ing  enterprise  in  the  State  of  Washing¬ 
ton.  His  reply  to  the  advertisement  put 
him  in  touch  with  Rogers  and  Laporte, 
who  claimed  they  came  from  St.  Law¬ 
rence  County,  New  York,  and  that  the 
farmers  who  subscribed  the  $160,000 
fund  lived  there.  They  agreed  to  take 
$100,000  worth  of  the  bonds,  provided 
Hedges  would  pay  the  expense  of  a 
man  to  investigate  the  proposition  and 
approved  of  it.  Hedges  agreed  to  this 
and  put  up  $510  for  the  expense.  Later 
the  investigator  made  report,  but  the 
money  was  not  forthcoming,  and  no 
disposition  was  shown  to  refund  the 
$510.  Hedges  then  advertised  in  the 
same  paper  to  get  in  touch  with  others 
who  had  replied  to  the  “Kirkwood”  ad¬ 
vertisement,  and  received  replies  from  a 
dozen  or  more.  The  complaints  to  the 
district  attorney  indicate  that  many  of 
the  victims  were  swindled  in  amounts 
from  $200  to  $700  each.  Rogers  and 
Laporte  were  held  in  $3,000  bail  each. 

Is  it  safe  to  buy  lots  at  Paterson,  N.  ,T.. 
through  some  agents  of  the  Realty  and 
■Commercial  Co..  20  Cortland  street.  New 
York?  There  are  two  men  in  this  vicinity 
representing  those  lots  at  Paterson,  and 
selling  (piite  a  number  of  them  at  prices 
ranging  from  $600  and  $400  for  cash,  or 
$650  and  $450  with  $10  monthly.  Are 
those  lots  worth  the  price,  and  is  it  a  safe 
investment?  J-  B- 

Pennsylvania. 

We  do  not  know  where  the  lots  are 
located,  and  of  course  cannot  know 
their  value.  But  it  is  not  necessary  to 
know  the  location  or  the  value.  Build¬ 
ing  lots  fairly  well  located  at  Paterson 
have  a  value,  but  you  may  be  sure  that 
lots  offered  you  in  this  way  will  cost 
you  from  two  to  three  times  what  they 
are  worth.  You  can  buy  very  good  lots 
there  in  undeveloped  sections  for  $150 
to  $200.  One  time  with  another  there 
is  nothing  in  such  lots  for  a  man  at  a 
distance  as  a  small  investment,  even 
when  bought  at  market  prices.  It  is, 
of  course,  a  different  matter  when  a 
man  living  there  wishes  to  make  a  home 
for  himself.  Never  buy  property  of  this 
kind  without  seeing  it,  and  having  the 
advice  as  to  its  value  of  some  one  whom 
you  can  trust  and  who  is  familiar  with 
values.  J.  J.  i). 


NEW-YORKER 


When  your  Pasture  gives  out  - 


We  stand  on 
this  Guaranty 

Wc  guarantee  that  any 
sack  ol  our  Dried  Beet 
Pulp  bought  lor  trial, 
either  direct  from  us  or 
through  a  dealer,  will 
prove  satisfactory  to  the 
buyer  or  we  will  refund 
the  purchase  price. 
Larger  quantities  can  be 
bought  with  the  privi 


^  lege  of  trying  one  sack 
^  and  if  found  unsatisfac- 
^  tory,  the  entire  purchase 
5  price  will  be  refunded 
i  if  the  unused  portion  is 
s  shipped  in  accordance 
s  witli  instructions  to  be 
s  received  from  us. 

^\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\VVW\\5 


Now, 

Mr.  Dairyman, 
what  are  you  going 
_  to  do  when  your  pasture 
is  all  gone — eaten  up  by  your 
cows— burned  up  by  a  long  summer 
drought?  Going  to  be  satisfied  with  les¬ 
sened  milk  records?  No  need  of  it,  be¬ 
lieve  us.  Good  as  summer  pasture  is,  you 
can  get  along  without  it— get  as  heavy  a  milk 
flow — maintain  perfect  health  in  your  herd. 
Doesn’t  that  sound  good  ?  And  it’s  true. 

DRIED  BEET  PULP 

Just  Like  Roots 

Proves  its  merits  in  countless  tests.  We 
have  actual  records  and  will  gladly 
send  them  to  you  on  request.  Let  us 
show  you  how  to  do  summer  feeding 
wholly  or  in  part  without  pasture. 

And  your  cows  will  like  it — thrive 
on  it — be  sleek — free  from  di¬ 
gestive  troubles  —  and,  best 
test  of  all,  produce  just  as 
much  milk.  We  will  prove 
this  with  a  test  on  one 
cow  or  your  whole  herd. 

Go  to  your  dealer,  and 


•aii 


liljs 


{\  t  ■?• 


secure  a  trial  sack  on  our  guarantee  basis — 
money  back  if  you  are  not  satisfied.  Ask 
for  our  free  booklet  “  Feeding  for  Larger 
Profits,”  or  write  us  for  a  copy. 

THE  LARROWE  MILLING  CO. 

Box  604,  Ford  Building 
Detroit,  Mich. 


!■>  •Y.l  '.THE 

''Animals 
•■••  ■friend  _ 

.  Keeps  flics  and  all 
insects  and  pests  off 
animals  —  in  barn  or  pas¬ 
ture—  longer  than  any  imi¬ 
tation.  Used  and  endorsed 
since  1885  by  leading  dairy¬ 
men  and  farmers. 

$1  worth  saves  $20.00 

- ..... -  .  in  milk  and  flesh  on  each 

cow  la  a  single  season.  Cures  sores,  stops  itching 
and  prevents  infection.  Nothing  hotter  for  galls. 
itnJs  lico  and  mites  in  poultry  houses. 

CpNIV  Cl  if  your  dealer  can’t  supply  you,  for 
UlallLT  enough  Shoo  -  Fly  to  protect  200 

eon's,  mid  our  B  .  tube  gravity  sprayer  without 
extra  charge.  Money  back  if  not  mtiatactory.  Write 
for  Booklet,  free.  Special  terms  to  agents. 

Shoo-Fly  Mfg.  Co.,  Dept.  P,  1310  N.  10th  St.,  Philada. 


80  lbs.  More  Milk 

IN  3  DAYS 

Resulted  from  iiRintf  “Will-Kill-Flies” 
on  twenty-two  cows— kept  them  free  from 
flies  and  increased  milk  flow  K0  lbs.  in  days. 

WILL-KILL-FLIES 

the  most  effective  liquid  spraying  preparation  nnd 
perfect  disinfectant,  kills  (lies  and  all  insect  pests  ' 
that  annoy  your  stock  nnd  poultry — that  means  inoro 
rnilL  more  eggs,  healthy,  contented  cattle. 

Free  Test  at  our  Expense 

We’ll  send  you,  express  prepaid  east  of  Rocky 
Mountains,  1  gallon  of  “Will-Kill-Flies”  nnd  a 

3>rayer,  on  receipt  of  $5L00aml  dealer’s  name, 
it  doesn't  satisfy  vou  in  every  respect,  we  willj 
rofund  money.  leasts  longer  and  accoin-^ 
plishes  more  than  other  preparations.  J 
EUREKA  MOWER  COMPANY 
Box  964,  Utica,  N.  Y. 


Cow-Ease 


Kills  Ticks. 

KEEPS 
FLIES  OFF 

Cattle  and  Horses 

and  allows  cows  to  feed  in  peace,  making 
More  Mllh  and  More  Money  for  you. 
A  clean,  harmless  liquid  preparation,  ap¬ 
plied  with  a  sprayer.  Keeps  cows  in  good 
condition  and  saves  five  times  its  cost  in 
extra  milk. 

TRIAL  OFFER 

If  your  dealer  cannot  supply 
you,  send  us  his  name  and 
$1.25,  and  we  will  deliver 
prepaid  to  your  address  1  -2  & 
gallon  can  of  COW-EASE,  *5 
and  SPRAYER  for  apply¬ 
ing.  For  West  of  Missouri! 

River  and  for  Canada,  above 
Trial  Offer,  $1.50. 

Satisfaction  or  Money  Back. 
CARPENTER. MORTON  CO, 
BOSTON.  MASS. 


Pfllll  TRYMPN_Don,t fal1  tosecure8tock  anc| 

rUUL  I  II  I  HI  Lll  Kggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 
HAST  DONEGAL POULTHY  YARDS,  Marietta,  l*a. 


DAVIS  S.  C.  REDS 

BABY  CHIX 

$12.50  PER  lOO  BALANCE  OF  SEASON 

Full  count  and  safe  delivery  guaranteed. 

DAVIS  POULTRY  FA  KM,  Berlin',  Mass. 

Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

Iiigh-elass  breedors  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  .May  return  at  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  Southold,  Suffolk  Co.,  N.  Y, 


T 


HE  FARMER'S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
tyers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
S.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 


free.  THOS. 


Hunn  Lake  Poultry  Farm  ^""TivIks^sH'per’ioo; 

vVhitoWyamlotte  Chicks,  $12  per  100.  Eggs. toper  100. 

rnnn  Single-Combed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 
Jj  M  II IJ  Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
v,www  Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hons  at 
right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  onro  for  best  selections.  Largest  success¬ 
ful  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  Now  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 

BABY  CHICKS,  8k. 

C.  White  Leghorns  in  any  quantity.  Sale  arrival 
guaranteed,  Circulars  free.  CHAS.  R.  STONE,  Baby 
Chicken  Farm,  Staatsburo-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 

Buff,  Wh.  Lcahorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  H.  C.  K.  I.  Red. 
Eggs.  90c.  per  15,  $1.00  per  30.  $2.75  per  60,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakcrlown,  Pa. 

DA  BY  CHICKS— Single  Comb  White  Leghorns, 

1 '  Rose  Comb  Rhode  Island  Rods,  9c  and  12c  each. 
Strong  and  livable.  From  vigorous  free  range  stock, 
bred  for  utility  nnd  standard  qualities.  Safe  delivery 
guaranteed.  WESLEY  GltlNNELL,  Sodus,  N.  Y. 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Chick*  8c.  each.  If  more  than  four 
chick*  are  deml  to  each  100  you  buy. 
when  reaching 
your  express  of¬ 
fice,  I  will  make 
Kood  the  Iona. 

Catalog  about  | 
chick  feeding; 

Aliil  disc  linen 
free.  Will  ship 
C.  O.  D. 

O.M.  LAUVKK,  Box  73,  Richfield,  Pa. 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yonrling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  and  Cock¬ 
erels;  any  quantity  tit. attractive  prices;  bred-to-lay 

kind.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Fleminotan,  N.  J 

QAPY  P 14 1  P  If  Q — SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS; 

DHD  I  UTlIulxO  Young’s  Strain  direct  j  best 
in  the  world;  2,000  Breeders;  Chicks.  $9.00  per  100 
during  July;  from  free  range  stock;  chicks  that  do 
nothing  but  live  and  grow.  Safe  arrival  guaranteed. 
My  book,  “Profits  in  Poultry  Keeping  Solved,"  free 
witli  every  100  chick  order.  Circular  free. 

BRIGGS'  BABY  CHICK  FARM,  Pleasant  Valley.  New  York 

Wo  Will  Coll— for  $2.00  for  liens  and  $2.00  to$5.00 
if  C  Hill  OCII  f01.  one-year-old  cockerels — our 
surplus  breeding  stock  of  Partridge  Cochins.  Barred 
Rocks,  White  Rocks,  Partridge  Wyandottes. 

MINCH  BROS.  .  R-2  .  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

qrt  KGOS  $1 .00— T, ending  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Pool- 
L  U  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Large  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 

PRIZE  WINNING  STRAINS  1  ST,??.  w^:- 

dottes,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  both  combs,  Single 
Comb  Wliito  and  Brown  Leghorns,  eggs  $1.50,  15; 
$7.00,  100.  Light  and  Dark  Brahmas,  $2.00,  15.  Cat¬ 
alog  gratis.  F.  M.  PRESCOTT,  Riverdalo,  N.  J. 

I  EE0SVILLE  POULTRY  YARDS- White  Rocks  and  R.C.  White 
"  Leghorns.  A  few  early  hatched  pullets  for  sale  now. 
Nearly  full  grown  at  $1.50  and  $1.25  apiece,  if  ordered 
quickly.  L.  W.  DRAPER,  Prop.,  Amenta,  N.  V. 


1911. 


MTHLC  RUKAb  NEW-YORKER 


793 


CONTENTS 


The  Rural  New-Yorker,  July  15,  1911. 


FARM  TOPICS. 


The  Boston  Market . 

Another  Alfalfa  Sermon . 

The  "Lava”  Fertilizers  Again. 

Hawkweed  in  Pasture . 

Crop  Prospects  . 

Seeding  Alfalfa  on  I/ong  Island 

Hope  Farm  Notes  . 

Diary  of  Farm  Work . 

Government  Cotton  Report. . . 

Foreign  Crops  . 

Canadian  Crops  . 


749, 


750 

790 

750 

752 

752 

753 

754 
757 
757 
757 
757 


LIV’D  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 


The  Cause  of  "White  Diarrhoea.”  Part 

II . 

A  Cat  Mother  for  Geese . 

How  to  Handle  Hen  Manure.  Part  II.. 
A  Black  and  White  Milk  Fountain... 

Varying  Milk  Tests  . 

Dairy  Ration  . 

Trouble  With  Hen . 

Chicken  Weeds  . 


751 

751 

753 

760 

760 

760 

761 
761 


HORTICULTURE. 

Root  Gall  on  Nursery  Trees .  750 

Transplanting  Flowers  by  Machinery..  751 

A  Case  of  Black  Knot . 752 

Nitrate  on  Tomatoes  .  752 

More  Crown  Gall  Experience .  752 

Trouble  With  Grapes .  753 

Why  the  Strawberries  Failed .  754 

The  Feitcheng  Peach .  755 

Strawberries  and  Other  Things .  755 


WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 


From  Day  to  Day .  758 

An  Echo .  758 

Baked  Custard  .  758 

Popovers  .  758 

Tutti  Frutti  .  758 

The  Rural  Patterns  .  759 

Removing  Wagon  Grease .  759 

The  “Fireless”  in  the  Farmhouse. 

Part  II .  759 

Some  Good  Sandwiches .  759 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

Wind  Power  and  Electricity .  752 

The  Summer  Boarder  Business .  752 


Editorials  .  756 

Events  of  the  Week .  757 

Products,  I’rices  and  Trade .  761 

Publisher’s  Desk .  762 

Humorous  .  764 


MARKETS 

Wholesale  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  July  8,  1911. 


BUTTER 

Fancy  creamery  is  scarce,  there  being 
some  business  above  ((notations.  Values 
in  lower  grades  are  very  irregular,  owing 
to  heat  damage. 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 24  ®  .25 


Good  to  Choice . 20  @  .23 

j-iower  Grades  . 15  ©  .19 

State  Dairy,  best . 22  ®  .23 

Common  to  Good . H  @  .19 

Factory . 14  ®  .18 

Back! lie  Stock .  .15  ®  .17 


Elgin  111.  butter  market  tlrm  at  23  cents. 
Boston,  wostern  creamery,  24*4  cents. 
Philadelphia,  -western  creamery,  2o  cents. 

CHEESE 

Market  very  firm  on  the  better  grades 
of  whole  milk.  Supplies  in  cold  storage 
are  somewhat  larger  than  a  year  ago. 


Full  Cream,  best,  new . 11  ©  .12 

Common  to  Good . Oil  (a  .In 

Skims . 05  (a  .if) 

Old,  common  to  good . 11  ©i  .13 


EGGS 

Fresh  eggs  free  from  heat  damage  are 
scarce  ;  medium  and  lower  grades  in  heavy 
supply,  a  great  many  selling  from  12  to 
15  cents. 


White,  good  to  choice . 23  @  .25 

Mixed  Colors,  best  . 20  ©  .28 

Common  to  Good . 15  (a  .18 

Western,  best . 17  @  .10 

Under  grades . 12  ©  .15 

Checks  and  dirties . 08  ra  .12 


BRANS 

Business  is  light,  though  the  tone  of  the 
market  is  firm,  owing  to  unfavorable  crop 
reports. 


Marrow,  100  lbs .  3.28  @  3.85 

Medium . .  3.15  ra  3.75 

Pea. .  3.18  ©  3.80 

Yellow  Kye .  3.50  ®  3.60 

Red  Kidney . G  OO  @  6.50 

WhltoKldncy .  5.00  ®  5.10 

Lima,  California . 6.70  (a  6.75 


HOI’S 

From  the  present  outlook  the  Pacific 
coast  yield  will  be  about  200,000  bales.  The 
plants  are  reported  to  be  in  good  condition. 
In  Canada  and  the  East  blue  mold  is  doing 
damage. 


Prime  to  Choice . 31  @  .32 

Common  to  Good . 29  ©  .80 

Pacific  Coast .  27  @  .28 

German  Crop,  1910 . 50  ©  .64 


CIDER  VINEGAR 

New  York  jobbing  prices  for  single  bar¬ 
rel  lots.  Very  little  vinegar  good  enough 
for  top  quotations  is  offered. 


Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 22  ®  ,24 

Standard  Grade . 13  @  .15 

DRIED  FRUITS 

Apples,  evap.  prime . 14  ®  16 

Kvap.,  com.  to  good . 06  ©  .13 

Cores  and  Skins . 07  ®  .07^ 

Raspberries . 2?  ®  .33 

Cherries . 16  ra  .20 


FRESH  FRUITS 

The  new  apples  arriving  are  mainly  small 
and  inferior.  Peaches  and  berries  badly 
damaged  by  heat.  Muskmelons  have  been 
very  low  and  irregular  in  quality.  Water¬ 
melons  in  heavy  supply  and  a  good  many 
abandoned  as  not  worth  the  freight. 


Apples,  Albemarle,  bbl. .  7  50  ©  8.50 

New,  bu .  1.00  ®  2.60 

Pears,  Southern,  Le  Conte,  bbl .  4.00  @  6.60 

Strawberries,  up-river,  qt . 07  ra  .16 

Western,  N.  Y.,  qt . 08  ra  .15 

Peaches,  Ga.,  carrier .  1.25  ®  3  (X) 

Cherries,  lb . 06  ®  .14 

Muskmelons,  Southern,  crate . 40  @  1.00 

California,  crate .  1.00  ra  2.50 

Watermelons,  Southern,  100 . 10.00  ®20.00 


Plums,  Ga.,  carrier — ’. ... 

® 

2.75 

Huckleberries,  N.  G.,  qt .. 

. 07 

@ 

.10 

Jersey  and  Pa . 

ra 

.12 

Blackberries,  qt . 

ta 

.09 

Raspberries,  red,  pint.  .. 

© 

.06 

Gooseberries,  qt . 

® 

.18 

Currants,  qt . 

® 

.11 

VEGETABLES 

New  potatoes  of  the  better  grades  higher, 
old  stock  getting  well  cleaned  out.  As¬ 
paragus  season  is  over.  Some  fairly  good 
Jersey  corn  is  arriving.  Green  beans  and 
peas  largely  poor  and  selling  low.  Toma¬ 
toes  from  South  Jersey  are  arriving,  bring¬ 
ing  1  to  $1.75  per  box. 


Potatoes,  old,  180  lbs .  3.00  ©  3.60 

Southern,  new.  No.  1,  bbl . 3.50  ra  4.00 

Southern,  new.  No.  2,  bbl .  2.00  @  2.26 

Long  Island,  new,  bbl .  3.00  ©  4.00 

Sweet,  Jersey,  bkt .  1.00  ©  2.00 

Beets,  new,  100  bunches .  1.00  ra  3.00 

Carrots,  new,  100  bunches .  1.00  &  2.00 

Cabbage— Eastern  Shore,  bbl .  1.00  ra  1.26 

Long  Island,  bbl .  100  ©  1.25 

Sweet  Corn,  Southern,  100 .  1.00  ra  2.00 

Jersey,  100 .  1.50  He  1.76 

Cucumbers,  bu .  1.00  ©  1.75 

Lettuce,  B>-bbl.  bkt . 15  ©  .35 

Peppers,  Southern,  bu .  1.00  ra  1.76 

Horseradish,  100  lbs .  3.00  ra  6.00 

Okra.  Southern,  Carrier .  1.00  ©2.00 

Onions,  Long  Island,  bbl . 2.00  ra  2.50 

Egyptian,  bag .  2.00  @  2.50 

Jersey,  bu .  1.00  ©  1.25 

Peas.  State,  bu .  0.75  ta  2.00 

Jersey,  bu . 76  ra  1.50 

Radishes, 100  bunches . 35  ra  .76 

Rhubarb,  100  hunches . 50  ra  1.00 

String  Beans,  bu . 20  ©  .50 

Spinach,  bbl . 50  ta  1.00 

Squash,  Marrow,  bbl .  1.00  @  2.00 

New,  bu . 20  @  .40 

Turnips,  Rutabaga,  bbl .  1.00  6i  1.25 

White,  bbl . 1.25  ia  1.60 

Leeks,  UK)  bunches .  1.00  ra  2.00 

Egg  Plants.  Southern,  box . 1.00  ra  1.60 

Tomatoes.  Southern,  crate .  0.50  ra  1.50 

Jersey,  box .  LOO  ra  1.76 


LIVE  POULTRY 

Demand  very  light,  as  weather  is  too  hot 
to  move  stock  safely.  Fowls  and  broilers 
lower. 


Chickens,  Broilers,  lb . 20  ta  .21 

Fowls . 12  ra  .13 

Roosters . 07  @  .08 

Ducks... . 11  ©  .12 

Geese . 08  ta  .09 

Turkeys . 11  ta  .12 

DRESSED  POULTRY— FrESH  KILLED 
Broilers  and  fowls  in  surplus  and  lower. 


Turkeys,  best,.' . 14  ta  ,15 

Common  to  Good ... .! . 13  ©  .14 

Chickens,  fancy  broilers,  lb .  25  ta  .28 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 20  ta  .24 

Fowls .  13  ©  .16^ 

Spring  Ducks,  lb  ..  . 13  @  .14 

Squabs,  dor. .  1.75  ®  3.50 

DRESSED  POULTRY- FROZEN 

Turkeys,  best . 22  ra  .23 

Cbickens.  milk  fed  broilers  .  22  ta  .25 

Corn-fed  broilers . 18  ta  .23 

Milk-fed  roasters . 17  ®  ,I8k! 

Corn-fed  roasters . 15  @  .16)4 

Fowls .  II  ta  .16 

Ducks,  best . 13  @  .14 

Common  to  good . 08  ®  .12 

Geese . 0T  @  .11 


HAY  AND  STRAW 

Market  steady  on  Timothy.  Low  grades 
are  working  out  fairly  well  on  a  lower 
price  basis. 


Day,  No.  1,  ton . 26.00  ®  27.00 

No.  2 . 21.00  ©  24.00 

No.  3 . 17.00  ®  18.00 

Clover  Mixed . 18  00  ®  22  00 

Clover . 16.00  ®  17.00 

8traw,  Rye . 11.00  ®  12.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 8.00  ®  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 5  CO  ©  6.36 

Bulls . 3.00  ®  4.26 

Cows .  1  50  ©  3.60 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs. . 6.50  ©  8.76 

Culls  .  6  00  ta  6.00 

Sheep,  100  lbs .  2.00  ®  3.75 

Lambs .  5.50  @  7.85 

Hogs . 6.60  ©  7.10 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.07  ®  .. 

No.  2,  Red . 96  ®  ... 

No.  1  Macaroni . 98  ®  .. 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 60  ®  .70 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 46  ©  .62 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 95  ®  .96 

MILL  FEED 

Spring  Bran,  ton .  23.50  ®  24.00 

Standard  Middlings .  25.36  ®  26.00 

Red  Dog .  27.50  ©  28.60 

Hominy  Chop .  23 .t>0  ®  24.20 

Linseod  Meal .  33.00  ®  34.00 

Corn  Meal .  26.00  ®  27.00 

COTTON 


New  York,  Middling  Upland . 

Middling  Gulf . 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling . 

Good  Middling . 


WOOL 


NewYork  Fleeces,  Fine,  unwashed 

Ohio  half  blood  combing . 

Kentucky,  three-fourths  blood.... 

Michigan,  half  blood . 

TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadieaf-llller . 

Fine  wrappers  . 

N.  Y. State  Fillers . . 

Fine  and  Selections . 

Ohio  Zimmer's  Spanish . 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . . 

Dark  Leaf . 

Bright  Cutters . 

Penn,  broad  loaf  fillers . 


CHICAGO 

Butter,  creamery . 

Eggs,  good  to  prime  firsts . 

Live  Turkeys . 

Fowls . 

Chickens . 

Potatoes,  new,  bbl . 

Blackberries,  quart. . 

Sheep,  100  lbs. . 

Lambs,  100  lbs . . 

Hogs . 


Butter,  creamery  .. 

Eggs,  state . 

Live  Chickens . 

Fowls . 

I’otatoes.  new.  bbl. 
Calves,  live,  100  lbs 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 

Lambs,  100  lbs . 

Hogs . 

Wheat,  No.  2,  Red  . 

Corn . 

Oats . 


BUFFALO 


14.85 

15.10 

14.50 

15.45 


..  .18 

® 

.19 

® 

.25 

..  .22 

® 

.23 

© 

.26 

.08 

® 

.10 

.60 

© 

76 

.06 

@ 

.06 

.12 

® 

.16 

.19 

© 

.20 

.07  hi© 

.09 

.10 

® 

.20 

.12 

® 

.30 

.10 

© 

.12 

© 

.23 

© 

■15k! 

© 

.12 

•  tikS 

.22 

©  4 

1.75 

© 

.15 

©  4 

1.66 

@  7 

.40 

.0.00 

@  ( 

i  85 

.  .22 

("< 

.26 

.  .18 

@ 

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(& 

.26 

© 

.14 

©  6 

..60 

©  i 

1.80 

.  1 .60 

©  4 

1.25 

.6.00 

©  1 

'.26 

.6.85 

@  6.50 

@ 

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(4 

.67 

© 

.50 

Millet  for  Horses. 

Is  millet  a  safe  feed  for  horses,  pro¬ 
vided  It  Is  harvested  at  the  proper  tlma 
and  well  cured  ?  What  variety  should  be 
seeded?  o.  l.  p. 

No ;  millet  hay  should  not  be  fed  to 
horses,  especially  when  cut  after  the  seed* 
form.  Experiments  show  that  such  hay  1* 
liable  to  cause  kidney  trouble  and  Joint  In¬ 
flammation.  Feed  It  to  cattle. 


Knuckling. 

Could  you  suggest  anything  to  do  for  a 
horse  when  the  tendons  of  the  front  leg 
are  hardened  and  are  shortening  the  cords, 
so  as  to  make  the  horse  tip  over  on  the 
foot  ?  p.  k. 

New  York. 

Where  knuckling  has  taken  place  so  that 
the  horse  stands  with  the  fetlocks  perma¬ 
nently  “cocked”  the  operation  of  tenotomy 
gives  the  only  chance  of  improvement,  anil 
it  has  to  bo  jerforraed  by  a  qualified  veterin¬ 
arian.  a.  s.  A. 

Blind  Mare  as  Breeder. 

I  bought  a  young  mare  in  foal  that  Is 
blind,  from  what  cause  I  don’t  know.  The 
colt  is  now  four  weeks  old,  and  a  fine  one, 
and  eyes  apparently  all  right.  Will  it  have 
any  effect  on  its  eyes,  the  mare  going  blind 
while  in  foal,  and  is  it  advisable  to  use  the 
mare  as  a  brood  mare,  as  she  apparently  is 
well  bred?  w.  w. 

It  is  not  well  to  breed  from  n  blind  mare 
as  tendency  to  weakness  of  the  eyes  and 
eventual  blindness  from  periodic  ophthalmia 
and  cataract  is  decidedly  hereditary. 

Lameness. 

I  bought  a  mare  some  time  ago,  and 
would  like  to  have  a  little  advice.  She  was 
hurt  about  March  in  her  front  log,  on  the 
inside  of  her  knee.  She  does  not  walk  very 
lame,  but  she  swells  tip  some,  and  It  hurts 
her  right  along.  When  she  is  standing  in 
the  barn  she  keeps  her  leg  constantly  in  mo¬ 
tion.  When  she  lies  down  over  night  she 
cannot  get  up,  and  for  an  hour  or  so  she 
feels  very  lame  all  over,  but  she  gets  up 
right  away  if  she  does  not  lie  down  any 
length  of  time.  Can  you  give  me  any  ad¬ 
vice?  The  mare  is  about  15  years  old,  and 
is  a  good  horse  for  the  farm.  c  v 

Pennsylvania. 

Clip  off  the  hair  and  blister  the  injured 
Part  two  or  three  times  at  intervals  of  two 
or  three  weeks,  using  a  mixture  of  one  dram 
of  bin  iodide  of  mercury  rubbed  up  with  one 
ounce  of  laid.  Keep  her  in  a  stall,  a.  s.  a. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
"square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


The  Sowing  of  Fertilizers. 

Commercial  fertilizers  are  coming  into 
more  general  use  every  day.  That  they 
are  difficult  to  sow  is  well  known  to  all 
users.  The  reason  for  this  is  that  they 
vary  as  to  consistency.  Some  of  the 
fertilizers  are  bone  dry,  others  lumpy 
and  sticky.  Then,  too,  commercial  fer¬ 
tilizers  are  affected  by  atmospherical 
conditions,  which  make  them  hard  to 
sow.  The  Superior  Drill,  make  by  The 
American  Seeding-Machine  Co.,  Incor¬ 
porated,  Springfield,  Ohio,  will  success¬ 
fully  handle  all  known  brands  of  com¬ 
mercial  fertilizers  no  matter  how  diffi¬ 
cult  to  sow.  The  Superior  is  guaran¬ 
teed  to  do  the  work  and  to  do  it  right. 
Therefore  the  farmer  runs  no  risk  in 
purchasing  a  Superior,  These  drills 
arc  made  in  a  wide  range  of  styles  and 
sizes,  and  in  addition  to  sowing  all 
brands  of  commercial  fertilizers,  as  well 
as  granular  lime,  will  sow  every  known 
grain  and  grass  seed,  from  the  tiniest 
grass  to  large  bush  Lima  beans  without 
cracking  the  seed.  The  grain  and  fer¬ 
tilizer  feeds  are  known  to  be  positive 
force  feeds.  The  mechanism  is  very 
simple  and  easily  understood.  The  Su¬ 
perior  is  strong  and  will  stand  up  under 
the  most  severe  work.  Write  to  the 
manufacturers  for  a  copy  of  their  Supe¬ 
rior  catalogue.  Then  go  to  your  retail 
dealer  and  insist  on  seeing  the  Superior 
Drill. 


^§aveThe:Hor:se?Spavin  Cure. 


RtCX.  TRADC  MAR* 


O.  «I.  Hrown,  R«d  Cedar  Rhlngfom  Graham,  Ore..  Fell,  a,  1911. 

Troy  Chemical  Co.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. — Kn clone  acknowlotlg- 
Tn<Mit  for  another  bottle.  The  first  I  owed  on  a  German  roach 
borne,  ‘‘God hard,”  for  thorouKhphi,  and  £avo  entire  naf  j^fnetion 
and  a  complete  cure.  This  wan  two  yearn  a^o.  O.  J.  BKOWN. 

Expert  Veterinary  Advice  Always  Free 
Writs  for  a  copy  of  OUR  SIGNED  LEGALLY  BINDING  CONTRACT: 
also  Booklet  and  Letters  from  Bankers,  Business  Men  and  Farm¬ 
ers  the  world  over  on  every  kind  of  case.  15  YEARS’  SUCCESS. 

$P  fill  *  w''li  legal  written  guarantee  or  contract, 

k  'UU  Send  tor  a  cony,  booklet  and  letters  from  bo. Inca 
■  I  "icn  and  owners  on  every  kind  of  case.  Permanently 
_  curea  Spavin,  Thoroitglipln,  IClnghone  (except  low),  ('orb. 
Splint,  Capped  Iloek,  Wind  puff,  Shoe  lloil.  Injured  Tendon,  and 
all  I.amenosa,  No  Bear  or  lo.a  of  hair.  Horse  works  a.  usual 
lh-alers  or  Express  Paid.  TROY  CHEMICAL  CO.,’ 
24  Commercial  Avenue,  Binghamton,  New  York. 

4  re  Flies 

Robbing  Von? 

Your  cowa  can’t  convert  sufficient  food  into  milk  when 
pestered  with  itching,  blood  Bucking  flies.  They  must 
have  peace,  quiet  ness  and  rent.  Spray  your  barns  mid 
cattle  with  ORKL  01.1.  n  nd  you'll  sun  I  v  got  bigger  profits 
at  the  milk  pail.  CItKL  OLL  gives  on  powerful  vapors, 
driven  flies  from  buildings — keeps  them  from  animals. 
Quite  harmless.  Keeps  sinks,  troughs,  garbage  cans, 
etc.,  odorless  and  sweet.  Only  $1.00  per  Quart 
—last*  Ionic  time.  At,  all  dealers  or  order  direct. 
CALEDONIA  CHEMICAL  CO.,  Calodonla,  N.  Y. 

'■OREL  OLL 


COW  COMFORT 

HI < ’Him  additional  profit.  Simple 
durable,  easily  locked.  Foster 
Steel  K  t  n  n  <•  li  I  o  n  h  cannot  bo 
opened  by  the  cattle.  Top  and  bot¬ 
tom  chains  permit  free  head  move¬ 
ment,  standing*  or  lyin^c  down,  yet 
keep  cattle  lined  up  and  clean. 
Write  for  new  booklet  showing 
model  stables. 

Foster  Steel  Stanchion  Co., 

906  Ins.  Bldg.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


crumb’s  assssas 

STANCHION 


Henry  M.  Albert  son.  Barl¬ 
ing!  on,  N.  J.,  writes:  “My 
new  Stanchions  add  greatly 
to  the  comfort  of  my  rows," 

WHY  TORTURE 

[yours  with  rigid  stanchions? 

Send  for  specifications 
Jof  inexpensive  yet  sani- 
-tary  cow  stable  to 

W  ALL  ACE  B.  CRUMB,  Box  MS,  Forcstvillc,  Conn. 

For  S»I*»-200  S-  C-  WH,TE  LEGHORN  Yearlino  Hens, 

,  !  kJQIt  thoroughbred  strain.  Good  layers 
and  ra  a  hoalihy  condition,  $1.00  each.  Address 
J.  M.  WAY,  R.  F,  1).,  Hockessin,  Dei. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  HOLSTEINS-Bull  Calves  For  Sale,  from 
tlireo  to  ton  months  old,  from  good  producing 
dams,  of  the  leading  strains.  Satisfaction  aitaran- 
teed.  A.  E.  MILLER  &  BKO.,  Bollepoint,  W.  Va. 


n  ii  ra  i  r  11  . . . . .  imuii,.  -  .no 

1  that  has  practical  experience.  Give 

roforonce,  and  state  salary  wanted.  Address 

S.  II.  ROSENSTOCK,  Frederick,  Aid. 


WANTED  YOUNG  MAN  TO  TO  TAKE  CHARGE 

OF  POULTRY  FARM  Good  salary;  give  references. 

I’lUilU.USS  FARMS,  Nortliport,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 


WANTFH~A  WORKING  FARMER. 

”  *  *  *-***  Married.  To  run  a  dairy  faun 

of  twenty  cows.  Milk  sold  at  door,  or  will  rent 
farm.  Must  bo  sober  and  good  worker.  Reply 
“FARMER.”  euro  Thk  Rural  New-Yorker. 


VVTANTEI)  —  A  Working  Farmer;  married;  no 
~~  small  children ;  who  understands  and  can  run 
improved  farm  machinery  and  gasolene  engine. 
One  who  does  not  think  it  too  much  trouble  to  do 
small  tilings.  Good  treatment  on  both  sides  assured 
and  required.  Give  reference.  Position  open  early 
Fall.  Reply  T.  F.  C.,  care  Rural  New-Yorker, 


Indian  Runner  Dticka,  $4  per  pair,  from  SfiO-egg  strain 
Kggs,  $1.00  and  ®2.00  per  12.  C.  GORDON,  Sprakers,  N.  Y. 


pi/EASIC  send  a  trial  shipmentto  the  Oldest  Com- 
1  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter. 
Eggs.  I’ouitry.  l’ork.  Calves,  Hay,  Grain.  Beans! 
Appies.  etc.  E.  II.  WOODWARD,  802  (liernxlrti  St.,  N.Y, 


Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  CO.,  Com¬ 
mission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York. 


Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 


93-95  South  Market  St.,  -  Boston. 


Highest  prices  guaranteed  for  White  or  Brown 
Leghorns  or  mixed  eggs.  Also  high  grade  butter. 
W rito  us  for  information.  A  trial  will  convince  you 
of  our  ability  to  obtain  extreme  prices.  Address 

JOHNSTONE  6  COUGHLAN, 

164  Duane  Street,  i  :  New  York 


DO  YOU  NEED  FARM  HELP? 

Tho  Jewish  Agricultural  and  Industrial  Aid 
Society  has  on  its  ll.sis  men  wishing  to  obtain  em¬ 
ployment  upon  farms.  Most  of  (hem  are  without 
experience,  but  they  are  able-bodied  and  willing 
to  work.  They  speak  little  or  no  English,  although 
many  of  them  speak  German.  If  you  can  make 
use  of  such  help,  please  communicate  with  us, 
stating  what  you  will  pay,  whether  the  work  Is 
permanent,  and  whether  you  prefer  a  single  or  a 
married  man.  Wo  are  a  philanthropic  organiza¬ 
tion,  whose  object  It  is  to  assist  and  encourage 
Jews  to  become  farmers.  We  charge  no  commis¬ 
sion  to  employer  or  employeo.  Address 
THE  J.  A.  S  I.  A.  S..  174  Second  Avenue.  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


FOR  ^Al  F~If  y°u  want  tho  host  farms  for  tho 
I  U  it  OnLL  money,  send  for  our  large  free  catalog. 
HALL’S  FARM  AGENCY,  Owcgo,  TiogaCo.,  N.Y. 


New  York  State  Farms  ^riy'aii  pans  <," 

the  State.  Catalog  free  to  parties  intending  to  buy. 
NORTHERN  REALTY  CO.,  Syracuse,  NewYork. 


WE  SELL  FARMS  in  Oceana,  best  County  in  IT.  S. 

Fruit,  Alfalfa,  Grain, Vegetables,  Stock,  I’oui¬ 
try.  J.  I).  S.  HANSON  &  SON,  Hart,  Mich. 


Millr  Ppfidlirprc  for  Now  York  City  market 
1H11II.  rruumcio  desiring  information  how  to 

form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  league,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Aijikrt  Manning,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 


RK  IN  HALF  FOR  MAN  &  TEAM 


The  Dai o  Hay  Press  frequently  pays  for 
itself. the  first  year  on  account  of  the  laboc 
it  saves.  This  wonderful  pull  power  press 
discharges  bales  forward  instead  of  back¬ 
ward.  .You  can  set  the  Dain  at  a  barn  door 
or  at  center  of  stack  instead  of  the  end. 
This  feature  alone  saves  one  man’s  labor. 
No  bulky  pitman  or  high  step-over  to  halt 
or  stop  horses.  Dain  compound 
leverage  power  supplies 
greatest  baling  pressure 
with  least  draft:  permits 
use  of  short  sweep^- gives  more 
frequent  strokes  "of  plunger 
and  increased  capacity — this 


means  bigger  profits.  Patented  Auto¬ 
matic  Tucker  makes  neat,  iquai  e-end  bales. 
Strongest  hay  press  in  the  world — made  en¬ 
tirely  of  steel.  No  wooden  plunger  to  warp  or 
swell.  No  pitman — no  heavy  rebound — no  tog, 
to  wear  or  work  looaa-tho  Dain  Praaa  “  Mai 
Good  in  all  kinds  of  work.  Don’t  think  of  buying 
hay  press  before  getting  our  big  new  catalog.  Telia 
about  oar  full  lias  of  bursa  and  belt  power  preen 


DAIN  MFG.  CO. 

802  Vine  St„#  Ottumwa,  In. 


764 


1FHE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


July  15,  1911. 


HUMOROUS 


Eddie:  “D’ye  think  there’s  any  money 
in  goats?”  Bobbie:  “Yes;  there  is  in 
this  one.  He  ate  pop’s  pocketbook  this 
morning.” — Chicago  Daily  News. 

“You  have  placed  all  the  large  berries 
on  top!”  “Yes,”  replied  the  affable 
dealer.  “That  saves  you  the  trouble  of 
hunting  through  the  box  for  them.” — 
Washington  Star. 

Stranger  :  “I  understand  that  the 
measles  broke  out  in  this  town  recent¬ 
ly.”  Constable:  “Yes,  sir.  But  our 
head  constable  caught  them.” — The  Peo¬ 
ple. 


MODERNIZE  YOUR  BARN  WITH  A 

HA  DTCD  C*  A  DDICD  complete  nrflcss'equLpped 

I  UlVlEilY  V/AKKltK  with  litter  carriers.  Dirty 


carriers.  Dirty 
and  unsanitary  stables 
are  no  longer  tolerated. 
The  saving  of  labor,  the  lessening  of 
danger  from  fire,  immunity  of  live 
stock  from  disease,  and  the  saving 
of  manure,  are  only  a  few  reasons 
why  litter  carriers  are  growing 
more  popular  every  day. 

The  Porter  Litter  Carrier 

is  the  -system  for  the  farmer  who 
wants  permanency.  The  quality  of 
material  and  workmanship  enter¬ 
ing  into  their  make-up  have  no 
equal.  As  time  and  labor  savers 
they  excel  all  other  makes.  Get  our 
catalog,  which  tells  and  illustrates 
by  pictures  the  many  ways  our  feed 
and  litter  carriers  can  be  used. 

J.E.  PORTER  CO. 

OTTAWA,  ILLINOIS 


“Do  you  know  some  nice  boy  who 
would  like  to  go  fishing?”  “I  presume 
there  are  plenty  of  them.  But  why  lose 
valuable  time  trying  to  give  a  treat  to 
some  boy?”  “I  want  the  boy  to  dig  the 
bait.” — Washington  Herald. 

Grandma  :  “Johnny,  you  have  taken 
more  maple  sugar  than  I  gave  you.” 
Johnny:  “Yes,  grandma,  I’ve  been  mak¬ 
ing  believe  there  was  another  little  boy 
spending  the  day  with  me.  — Harpers 
Bazar. 

Little  Robert  studied  the  first  downy 
chicks  in  the  Spring.  Presently  he 
turned  to  his  mother  and  asked : 
“Mamma,  are  chickens’  legs  hind  legs 
or  front  legs?” — Woman’s  Home  Com¬ 
panion. 


OUR  BOOKLET 

When  the  Going  is  Hard 

Contains  information  that  is  well  worth  your 
time  to  read.  The  discussion  on  "A  Wheel 
with  One  Spoke”  is  worth  DOLLARS  to  you. 
We  tell  you  why  a  wooden  wheel  is 
dished,  which  is  something  many  wagon 
manufacturers  do  not  know.  There  are  about 
twenty-five  other  articles  just  as  interesting. 

DAVENPORT  ROLLER-BEARING 
P'  STEEL  FARM  WAGON 

There  are  many  reasons  why  the  DAVENPORT  is  the  wagon  for  the  farmer  today. 
Among  these  are:  30%  to  50%  Lighter  Draft.  Increased  Carrying  Capacity,  Does  Not  Carry 
Mud,  No  Repair  Bills.  No  Tires  to  Reset,  and  Many,  Many  More^ 

Better  Investigate.  Write  for  the  booklet  and  also 
for  our  Package  No.  36.  Both  sent  FREE. 

DAVENPORT  WAGON  COMPANY 

Davenport.  Iowa  THE  roller  bearing 


“How  does  your  lawnmower  run?” 
inquired  Nextdore,  looking  over  the 
fence.  “It  doesn’t,”  replied  Subbubs, 
mopping  the  perspiration  from  his  face; 
“I  have  to  push  the  blamed  thing.”— 
Boston  Transcript. 

“A  horse  is  man’s  truest  friend,”  said 
the  lover  of  animals.  “He’s  more  like 
a  relation  than  a  friend,”  replied  Farmer 
Corntossel.  “He  makes  me  think  of 
my  boy  Josh ;  alius  ready  to  eat  an’ 
liable  to  kick  if  you  put  him  to  work.”— 
Washington  Star. 

“The  time  is  coming  when  an  honest 
man  will  not  be  able  to  succeed  in  busi¬ 
ness  in  this  country.”  “What  do  you 
call  succeeding  in  business?”  “Why — 
er— keeping  a  high  tariff  on  the  things 
you  are  producing.” — Chicago  Record- 
Herald. 

The  advertiser  who  had  received  a 
free  puff  entered  the  provincial  office 
with  anger  and  disgust  written  all  over 
his  face.  “I’m  sure  you  meant  well,” 
said  he,  “but  that’s  a  nice  thing  you’ve 
gone  and  printed  in  your  paper  this 
week  about  my  business.”  “What’s  a 
nice  thing?”  asked  the  editor.  “Read 
it  and  see.”  The  editor  read:  “If 
you  want  to  have  a  fit  wear  Brown’s 
boots.” — Red  Hen. 


For  Orchard  and  Farm. , 

All  genuine  “Cutaways”  are  intense  cultivators  and 
will  increase  your  crops  25  to  60  per  cent.  Our  Double 
Action  "Cutaway”  Harrow  is  a  wonderful  invention 
—can  be  used  in  field  or  orchard.  Perfect  center 
draft.  Drawn  by  two  medium  horses  will  move  the 
earth  twice  on  every  trip.  We  can  prove  it. 

“Intensive  Cultivation,”  our  new  catalogue  is  Free. 
Send  for  it  today. 

CUTAWAY  HARROW  CO..  939  Main  St.,  Higganno,  Conn. 


SAVE  HALF  Your 
Paint  Bills 

By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT  — proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 
Only  Paint  endorsed  by  the  “Grange." 
Made  in  all  colors, — for  all  purposes. 
DELIVERED  FREE. 

From  the  Mill  Direct  to  You  at  Factory  Prices. 

INQERSOLL  PAINT  BOOK  — FREE 

Tolls  all  about  Paint  and  Painting  f~T  Durability. 
How  to  avoid  trouble  and  expense  caused  by  painte 
fading,  chalking  and  peeling.  Valuable  information 
fre«  to  you,  with  Sample  Color  Cards,  Wrlto  me.  DO 
IT  NOW.  I  can  lave  you  money.  • 

0.  W.  Ingersoll,  246  Plymouth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 


Genasco 

the  Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt  Roofing 

Find  out  why  natural  asphalt  makes 
roofing  that  lasts  years  longer  than  arti¬ 
ficial  “asphalt”  or  coal-tar.  Write  for 
the  Good  Roof  Guide  Book  and  samples. 

The  Kant-leak  Kleet  waterproofs  roof-seams 
and  prevents  nail  leaks. 

The  Barber  Asphalt  Paving  Company 

Largest  producers  of  asphalt,  and  largest 
manufacturers  of  ready  roofing  in  the  world. 

Philadelphia 

New  York  Sao  Francisco  Chicago 


The  Concrete  Feeding  Floor  Pays 
For  Itself  Many  Times  a  Year 

A  concrete  feeding  floor  doubles  the  amount  of  available 
manure — it  saves  all  the  valuable  liquid  manure,  which 
is  lost  through  seepage  in  the  old-fashioned  wooden  feeding  floor. 
The  first  cost  of  a  concrete  feeding  floor  is  sometimes  less  than  an 
ordinary  good  wooden  floor.  A  concrete  feeding  floor  is  clean, 
saves  feed,  keeps  the  stock  in  better  health  and  lasts  forever. 
Every  farmer  should  build  his  feeding  floors  of  concrete.  'Write 
us  for  information  how  to  build  a  satisfactory  concrete  floor  or  any 
kind  of  concrete  work. 

Any  of  the  following  special  plans  and  instructions  sent  on  request: 

(1)  Plans  for  Sidewalks 

(2)  Plans  for  Troughs 

(3)  Plans  for  Porches  and  Steps 

We  will  write  you  individually,  giving  you  full  instructions  for  getting 
best  results.  This  service  is  FREE.  The  only  expense  to  you  will  be  the 
postage  used  in  writing  us.  Address  the  nearest  office  of  the  Company. 

UNIVERSAL  PCEMENT°  COMPANY 

CHICAGO  PITTSBURG  MINNEAPOLIS 

72  West  Adams  St.  Frick  Building  Security  Bank  Building 

Annual  Output  40,000,000  Sacha 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


ROOFING 


It  has  a  rough  surface 
of  real  mineral  matter  cn 
the  weather  side.  It  is 
evident  to  anyone  that  it 
is  no  more  necessary  to 
paint  such  a  surface  than 
it  is  necessary  to  paint 
a  stone  wall.  Stone 
needs  no  paint;  neither 
does  Amatite.  It  is 
strong  enough  in  itself 
to  bear  the  brunt  of  rain 
and  wind  and  sun  with¬ 
out  a  coat  of  paint. 

To  paint  Amatite 
would  be  a  waste  of 
time  and  trouble. 

Amatite  will  last  for 
many  years  without  any 
care  whatever.  It  is 
made  to  he  trouble  woof 
as  well  as  weather  proof. 

No  paint  is  good 
enough  to  make  a  dur¬ 
able  roof ;  a  thick  layer  of 
pitch,  faced  with  a  real  mineral  surface 
is  far  better — and  that  means  Amatite. 

Free  Sample  on  request  to  nearest  office. 

drpnnoirl  Lice  Destroyer 
V-jIUUIlOlU  and  Cow  Spray 

Sprayed  on  cows  it  keeps  away  flies,  and  makes 
them  comfortable:  therefore  they  give  more  milk. 

To  keep  the  poultry  house  in  good  condition, 
spray  regularly  with  Creonoid.  It  eradicates  lice, 
nits  and  disease  germs. 

Ever  jet  Elastic  Paint 

Jet  Black.  Water-proof,  clastic  and  durable. 
Ideal  for  rubber  roofings  and  out-door  metal  and 
wood  work.  Very  economical. 

BARRETT  MANUFACTURING  CO. 


New  York, 

Cincinnati, 

Pittsburg,  New  Orleans,  Kansas  City,  Seattle. 


Chicago,  Philadelphia,  Boston, 
.Minneapolis,  Cleveland,  St.  Louis, 
One 


STEEL  WHEELS 

(Low-Down) 

to  fit  your  farm' wagon, 

is  the  combination  that  makes 
you  look  and  feel  like  an  Up- 
To-Date  farmer.  You  can  do 
more  work  without  being  so  tired, 
and  you  can  do  so  much  of  your 
work  alone  with  the  Low-Down 
Steel  Wheels.  Ask  for  free 
Catalogue  of  Instructions. 

Havana  Metal  Wheel  Co. 
Box  17  Havana,  Ill. 


Monarch 


Hydraulic 

Cider  Press 


Net  owners  25*  to  100* 
oil  investment  per  year 
Ask  for  Free  Cat¬ 
alog  and  “Good 
Tip”  booklet  tell¬ 
ing  how. 

Monarch  Machinery  Co.,  609  Hudson  Terminal,  New  York 

A  Reliable  Water  Supply  System 

Have  “running  water  when  and  where 
you  want  It.”  Pumped  from  stream,  pond 
or  spring.  No  expense  tor  power  jno  trouble; 
no  repairs.  Install  it  yourself,  or  we  will 
Install  for  you  a 

FOSTER  HIGH-DUTY  RAM 

and  guaraut«e  to  put  it  in  to  your  en- 
tiro  sttis  fact  ion,*  for  a  fixed  sum, 
^agreed  upon  in  advance.  No  trouble 
*0r  expense  to  maintain.  Write  ua. 

Power  Specialty  Company 

111  Broadway,  N«w  York  ^ 


— 99.%o  %  Pure — 

American  Ingot  Iron  Roofing 

Guaranteed  For  30  Years 

Without  Painting 

The  Only  Guaranteed  Metal  Roofing  ever  put  on  the 
market.  Samples  free.  Write  for  a  free  book  showing 
remarkable  tests.  A  way  out  of  your  roof  troubles. 

THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  00.,  Deal.  0,  ELYRIA,  OHIO 


MAKE  MONEY 
for  FARMERS 

It  is  easy  to  make  lumber  for 
yourself  and  neighbors  with  an 
AMERICAN  mill.  All  sizes. 
Work  rapidly  with  light  power. 
No  experience  needed,  (let 
Free  Catalogue  and  Low  Prices. 

American  Saw  Mill  Mach’y  Co. 

129  Hope  St.,IIftcketts(own,N. J. 

1682Terminal  Bldgs.,  New  York 


Safeguard  your  home.  The  DODD  SYSTEM  of 
protection  is  the  standard.  Only  system  endorsed 
by  2000  insurance  companies.  Lowers  insurance 
rates.  Agents  wanted.  Fine,  large  Lightning  Book 
with  vivid  lightning  scenes,  free.  Address 
DODD  &  STRUTHERS,  437  6th  Ave.,  Oes  Moines,  la. 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4108. 


CONGENIAL  AND  UNCONGENIAL  TREE 

STOCKS. 

Specimens  of  Curious  Grafting. 

The  old  saying  that  “birds  of  a  feather  dock  to¬ 
gether”  is  true  in  plant  life  as  well  as  in  animal  life. 
The  principle  of  natural  selection  is  as  fixed  a  law 
as  that  of  the  movements  of  the  earth.  Plants  and 
trees  of  the  same  kind  like  to  live  together  in  the 
wild  state,  and  it  is  so  when  they  are  under  cultivation 
And  there  is  such  a  thing  as  natural  grafting,  showing 
that  tissues  of  like  character  may  be  blended  one  into 
the  other.  This  may  have  been  the  origin  of  the 
thought  of  artificial  grafting  and  budding.  At  least 
there  is  no  doubt  that  grafting  was  naturally  done 
long  before  it  was  attempted  by  man.  I  have  seen 
many  cases  of  forest  trees  of  the  same  species  having 
been  united  by  natural  contact,  and  occasionally  there 
have  been  found  cases  of  different  species  that  were 
thus  united.  One  most  notable  case  that  I  saw  was  in 
northern  Texas,  about  ten  miles  north  of  Bonham, 
where  two  species  of  oak  were  growing  together  on 
a  single  root.  The  union  was  about  10  feet  from  the 
ground.  Evidently,  two  young  saplings  had  been 
forced  together  perhaps  by  a  falling  tree  bending  and 
holding  one  into  the  fork  of  the  other  until  vital 
union  had  taken  place,  and  afterwards  the  top  of 
one  and  the  bottom  of  the  other  had  died,  leaving  the 
growing  tree  above  and  below  the  union  as  distinct 
as  if  the  two  parts  were  on  their  own  roots.  The  tree 
was  as  healthy  and  vigorous  as  any  of  the  oak  trees 
in  that  vicinity.  There  was  evident  congeniality  of 
stock  and  scion.  I  have  never  seen  a  more  perfect 
case  of  grafting  in  any  orchard. 

But  there  are  all  manner  of  curious  specimens  of 
natural  and  also  of  artificial  grafting  as  well.  By  the 
crude  and  accidental  methods  of  nature  only  the 
really  congenial  species  have  been  united,  but  man 
has  by  ingenuity  and  skill  been  able  to  make  many 
strange  combinations.  He  has  grafted  and  budded 
together  the  pear  and  quince;  the  apple  and  pear; 
the  pear  on  the  wild  thorn  and  mountain  ash  (which, 
however,  is  not  an  ash  but  a  species  of  the  genus 
Pyrus,  to  which  the  apple  and  pear  also  belong)  ;  the 
peach,  plum  and  apricot;  the  orange,  lemon,  pomelo. 


NEW  YORK,  JULY  22,  1911. 


kumquat  and  any  of  the  genus  Citrus;  all  of  the 
maples,  both  native  and  foreign.  And  so  we  might 
go  on  enumerating  the  many  kinds  of  fruit  and  orna¬ 
mental  trees  and  some  of  the  bushes  and  woody  vines, 


A  DOUBLE- WORKED  SWEET  APPLE.  Fig.  285. 


and  also  many  of  the  plants  of  succulent  growth,  such 
as  the  potato  and  tomato,  causing  one  plant  to  pro¬ 
duce  tubers  underground  and  fruit  above.  This  has 
all  been  done  with  varying  degrees  of  success  and 
failure,  owing  to  the  congeniality  or  uncongeniality 
of  the  stocks,  scions  and  buds,  the  skill  with  which  the 
work  was  done  and  the  time  of  doing  it.  The  sub¬ 
ject  is  a  large  one,  and  requires  the  most  intimate 
knowledge  of  plant  life  and  the  peculiarities  of  the 
species  and  varieties  to  be  dealt  with. 

It  might  seem  that  all  varieties  of  the  apple  would 
graft  and  bud  together  perfectly.  And  why  not? 
They  are  all  of  one  species,  and  their  tissues  are  sup¬ 
posed  to  be  of  one  construction.  Certainly  they  all 
have  the  same  cellular  formation.  But  they  all  have 
individuality  as  well.  No  two  seedlings  arc  exactly 
alike  in  their  fruit.  Their  leaves  vary  in  form,  and 
likewise  their  branches,  one  tree  from  another.  And 
why  should  not  their  wood  vary  as  well?  It  docs, 
and  anyone  who  will  take  the  trouble  to  study  the 
peculiarities  of  the  varieties  will  be  able  to  see  them. 
Some  grow  with  much  more  vigor  than  others.  Some 
are  open  and  some  close  grained.  When  I  was  at 
Hope  Farm  the  past  Spring  I  noticed  some  very  strik¬ 
ing  contrasts  in  the  growth  of  the  old  apple  trees. 
They  had  all  been  grafted  on  seedlings,  and  as  was 
the  custom  many  years  ago,  when  this  had  been  done, 
the  scions  had  been  set  several  feet  above  ground. 
Some  had  been  regrafted,  because  the  fruit  of  the 
grafting  did  not  always  suit  the  fancy  of  the  owner. 
Maybe  the  property  had  changed  owners  and  the 
tastes  and  notions  were  different.  At  least  there 
stood  the  record  and  the  pictures  show  the  contrasts 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR 


in  growth.  Fig.  284  shows  a  twisted  trunk  about 
two  feet  in  diameter  at  the  base  that  tapers  to  the 
place  of  union  with  the  scion  at  four  feet  from  the 
ground.  The  top,  which  is  of  the  old  Nyack  va¬ 
riety,  and  all  that  part  above  the  union  shows  it.  Figs. 
285  and  286  are  of  double-grafted  trees.  The  seed¬ 
ling  stocks  are  of  vigorous  habit  and  the  Nyack  that 
was  first  grafted  on  them  has  the  contracted  form 
that  the  slower  and  more  compact  growth  naturally 
made.  Above  are  the  grafts  that  were  set  in  after 
years  and  their  more  robust  growth  is  shown  by  the 
enlarged  upper  trunk  and  branches.  Congeniality  and 
uncongeniality  of  stock  and  scion  are  plainly  shown. 
The  record  is  undisputable.  Anyone  can  read  it. 

And  so  it  is  with  other  trees  than  those  of  the 
apple.  There  are  many  pear  trees  that  have  been 
grafted  or  budded  on  to  seedlings  that  are  of  un¬ 
congenial  character  and  never  grow  as  they  should. 
There  arc  cherry  trees  by  thousands  or  even  millions 
on  unsuitable  roots.  The  Mahaleb  is  the  stock  that 
is  used  by  most  nurserymen,  and  it  makes  fine  looking 
trees  in  the  nursery,  and  for  the  sour  class  they  do 
very  well  in  the  orchard,  but  not  so  with  the  sweet 
or  Mazzard  class  of  varieties.  The  union  is  seemingly 
all  right  at  first,  but  when  the  bearing  age  comes  on 
the  trees  begin  to  fail  from  the  uncongeniality  of 
stock.  Sometimes  the  part  above  where  the  bud  was 
inserted  is  near  enough  to  collar  to  enable  it  to  send 
down  roots  of  its  own,  and  if  this  occurs  the  tree  is 
safe  and  becomes  vigorous  and  lives  to  a  healthy  old 
age.  This  is  shown  by  the  nearest  tree  on  the  right 
hand  of  Fig.  287,  and  on  the  left  is  a  one  on  Mahaleb 
stock  that  is  about  to  die.  Both  of  these  trees  are 
Tartarian.  Next  beyond  are  two  Bartlett  pear  trees 
on  French  seedling  stocks  that  are  not  congenial,  and 
they  are  living  a  life  of  trouble  from  this  cause.  In 
the  third  row  are  two  more  Tartarian  cherry  trees 
that  were  banked  up  with  clay  to  keep  the  wind  from 
blowing  away  the  soil  on  a  knoll  which  was  naturally 
very  sandy,  and  they  have  sent  down  roots  of  their 
own  and  become  very  vigorous.  It  is  Mazzard  upon 
Mazzard  now.  This  view  I  took  in  an  orchard  in 
northern  Michigan.  Those  who  plant  any  of  the 
sweet  or  Mazzard  type  of  cherries  should  insist  on 
having  only  trees  that  are  on  Mazzard  roots.  There 


DOUBLE-WORKED  NYACK  TOP.  Fig.  280. 


A  TWISTED  STOCK.  Fig.  284. 


ree 


THE  KURAb  NEW-YORKER 


are  many  thousands  of  dead  and  failing  cherry  trees 
from  the  lack  of  proper  roots. 

We  have  only  begun  properly  to  study  into  the 
matter  of  fruit  stocks.  There  are  endless  millions  of 
them  used  and  for  the  most  part  they  are  grown 
indiscriminately  from  seeds  of  any  variety  or  strain 
that  may  be  the  most  easily  obtained.  There  is  a 
marked  difference  fn  the  vigor  of  seedlings  from 
apples  of  the  different  varieties,  and  only  the  best 
should  be  used.  We  will,  I  believe,  in  time  be  grow¬ 
ing  apple  seedlings  from  the  varieties  that  have  been 
tested  and  found  to  be  of  the  better  class.  And  we 
may  learn  what  varieties  of  scions  are  preferable  on 
certain  seedlings.  The  same  may  be  true  of  peaches 
and  other  fruits.  The  rose  growers  are  very  par¬ 
ticular  as  to  the  stocks  they  use  for  budding.  And  so 
are  the  Citrus  nurserymen  in  their  selection  of  stocks 
for  growing  oranges,  pomeloes,  lemons,  etc.,  for  va¬ 
rious  soils  and  localities.  Congeniality  and  adapta¬ 
bility  should  be  our  aim  in  the  propagation  and  plant¬ 
ing  of  the  trees  we  need.  h.  e.  van  deman. 


THAT  LIGHTNING  ROD  AGENT  AGAIN. 

I  would  like  to  shed  a  little  more  light  on  that 
lightning  rod  man  mentioned  on  page  718.  He  is  the 
same  man  that  came  along  here  a  year  ago  last  Fall 
with  the  same  story.  He  was  allowed  by  the  company 
to  put  up  four  sets  of  rods  in  our  county  as  an  ad¬ 
vertisement,  and  would  rod  our  barn  for  $20.  I  fool¬ 
ishly  signed  a  contract  to  that  effect.  After  looking 
carefully  over  the  contract  I  was  convinced  that  it 
was  a  fraud,  and  showed  it  to  a  lawyer.  He  advised 
me  not  to  let  them  put  the  rods  up.  Soon  after  Mr. 
Smith  came  along  with  the  rods,  and  I  at  first  refused 
to  let  him  put  them  up,  but  after  making  many  changes 
and  cutting  out  about  half  the  cost,  I  had  them  put  up, 
and  the  job  that  was  to  be  done  for  $20  cost  me  $90, 
and  glad  I  was  to  get  out  of  it  at  that.  It  must  be  the 
same  pair,  as  the  names  are  the  same,  and  Mr.  Christ¬ 
man’s  description  of  Mr.  Bower  agrees  with  the  looks 
of  the  man  that  came  here.  I  would  like  to  add  that 
he  appeared  to  be  about  as  lazy  a  man  as  one  would 
often  find,  which  Air.  Smith  said  he  was,  and  I  be¬ 
lieve  he  could  tell  more  yarns  in  a  given  space  of  time 
than  any  man  I  ever  met,  and  I  have  known  some 
great  artists  in  that  line,  too.  I  feel  as  Air.  Christman 
does,  that  I  am  greatly  to  blame  for  not  exposing  the 
fraud  long  ago,  and  I  hope  if  there  are  others  who 
have  been  robbed  by  this  person  they  will  make  it 
known  and  put  others  on  their  guard.  I  think  Mr. 
Christman’s  advice  to  F.  C.  D.  to  have  his  shotgun 
ready  is  good  advice  for  others.  H.  B. 

Seneca  Co.,  N.  Y. 


SCHOOL  TEACHING  OR  FARMING  ON 
SHARES. 

In  which  is  there  the  most  money  at  end  of  year  of 
the  following  occupations?  Teaching  school  for  $1,000 
per  year,  having  to  pay  for,  out  of  that,  house  rent,  gar¬ 
den  truck,  in  fact,  every  thing,  or  working  on  shares  one 
of  the  best  farms  in  Yates  County,  117  acres,  with  12  to 
14  acres  of  fruit,  cherries,  pears,  quinces,  apples?  Farm 
capable  of  supporting  31  sheep,  four  cows,  four  horses, 
six  or  eight  hogs,  200  hens.  The  candidate  in  question  is 
an  early  riser  and  not  afraid  of  work.  He  has  been  read¬ 
ing  farm  journals,  books,  U.  S.  agricultural  pamphlets, 
etc.,  for  a  year,  and  believes  he  has  a  fairly  good  starting 
“working  knowledge”  of  the  scientific  and  economic  prin¬ 
ciples  of  farming.  If  a  hired  man  were  engaged  by  the 
year,  would  it  be  practicable,  and  could  the  farm  be  suc¬ 
cessfully  managed  to  teach  district  school  from  middle 
of  September  to  first  of  May  at  $12  to  $15  per  week? 

W.  L.  H. 

We  pass!  It  would  be  impossible  to  answer  such  a 
question  without  knowing  all  about  the  man.  From 
the  question  we  should  judge  that  this  man  is  a  good 
school  teacher  and  knows  how  to  teach.  It  seems  that 
he  does  not  understand  farm  work  but  has  read  and 
studied  about  it.  If  this  is  a  fair  statement  we  advise 
our  friend  to  stick  to  his  school.  He  is  sure  of  an  in¬ 
come  from  his  teaching,  and  he  knows  how  to  do  it. 
Farming  on  shares  for  a  relative  is  a  hard  job  at  best, 
and  will  require  a  full  knowledge  of  farming  to  gef 
anywhere  near  success.  A  farm  can  be  run  so  as  to 
be  away  from  it  for  other  purposes,  but  we  have  yet 
to  find  one  run  in  that  way  which  paid  any  profit  on 
shares. 


SEEDING  GRASS  IN  CORN. 

I  have  five  acres  that  is  now  in  corn.  I  have  been  ad¬ 
vised  to  sow  grass  seed  on  this  lot  at  the  last  cultivation 
of  the  corn.  Will  you  advise  me  in  this  matter?  My  way 
has  been  heretofore  to  sow  oats  the  following  Spring  and 
in  the  Fall  to  put  on  plenty  of  manure  and  seed  down  to 
rye.  I  am  the  owner  of  a  reaper  and  thi’ashing  machine 
for  both  oats  and  rye.  j.  c.  M. 

Long  Hill,  Conn. 

In  several  localities  of  New  England  we  have  seen 
good  meadows  which  were  seeded  in  the  corn.  The 
grass  was  thick,  the  fields  even,  and  the  corn  stubble 


had  been  crushed  down  so  as  not  to  interfere  with  the 
mower.  In  these  cases  the  grass  seed  was  evenly 
scattered  on  the  ground  among  the  standing  corn  hills 
at  the  last  cultivation — usually  the  latter  part  of 
August.  Then  a  cultivator  was  run  both  ways  with 
a  plank  dragging  behind  it.  This  worked  the  grass 
seed  under  and  smoothed  down  the  surface.  Then  a 
careful  man  followed  with  a  hand  rake  and  raked 
lightly  around  the  corn  hills,  in  this  way  getting  an 
even  seeding  of  grass.  With  a  good  dressing  of  fer¬ 
tilizer  and  a  wet  Fall  this  often  gives  in  New  England 
a  fair  stand  of  grass.  In  a  drought  or  dry  Fall  it 
would  not  pay.  While  such  seeding  is  possible,  it  is  not 
the  best  way,  and  we  would  not  advise  it  for  general 
use. 

If  we  had  that  cornfield  in  New  Jersey  and  wanted 
rye  and  grass  we  should  either  sow  rye  alone  in  the 
corn  and  cultivate  it  in  or  wait  till  the  corn  is  cut. 
Then,  with  the  corn  in  large  shocks,  the  field  can  be 
worked  with  a  disk  or  spring-tooth  and  rye  seeded 
before  October.  Right  now  our  farm  is  well  covered 
with  rye  seeded  in  this  way.  This  rye  may  be  har¬ 
vested  for  grain  and  straw,  and  the  stubble  worked  up 
on  the  “Clark”  system  after  harvest,  and  seeded  alone 
to  grass.  You  could  seed  grass  and  clover  on  the  rye 
in  the  Spring,  but  you  will  have  a  better  meadow  if 
you  wait  and  try  the  “Clark”  plan  or  a  modification  of 
it.  Every  year  there  are  many  questions  about  this 
method  of  grass  culture,  and  next  week  we  shall  give 
another  statement  about  it. 


MORE  ABOUT  GALLED  TREES. 

I  certainly  would  not  plant  apple  trees  showing 
crown  gall  when  it  has  attacked  the  principal  roots 
and  main  stem  of  the  tree,  and  shows  as  spongy  en¬ 
largements  of  such  parts.  I  believe  that  a  large  num¬ 
ber  of  the  trees  so  affected  will  not  prove  satisfactory. 
Trees  showing  an  occasional  root  knot  upon  the  small 
or  minor  rootlets  I  believe  will  prove  satisfactory, 
and  no  apparent  injury  will  be  seen  in  later  years. 
I  planted  a  tree  this  Spring  affected  with  the  fleshy 
crown  gall  type  upon  the  main  stock  and  principal 
roots.  This  tree  would  not  have  been  planted  except 
that  it  was  a  single  tree  of  a  rare  variety  which  I 
especially  desired  to  grow.  It  was  sent  to  me  for  trial, 
free  of  charge;  was  affected  with  one  of  the  worst 
cases  of  crown  gall  I  have  ever  seen;  was  planted 
as  carefully  as  the  rest  of  similar  trees,  and  is  the 
only  one  of  this  lot  now  dead.  I  would  not  take  such 
trees  as  a  gift  and  plant  them.  Nurserymen  in  buy¬ 
ing  trees  throw  out  all  such  trees  when  grading,  also 
those  showing  the  smaller  root  knot  to  any  extent, 
but  I  sometimes  think  they  are  not  so  careful  in  grad¬ 
ing  stock  from  their  own  plantings.  If  such  trees 
were  received  from  a  nurseryman,  I  would  heel  them 
in,  pay  him  for  the  good  ones  and  write  that  I  was 
holding  the  diseased  trees  subject  to  his  order.  Trees 
showing  occasional  knots  upon  the  minor  roots  I 
would  not  hesitate  to  plant,  after  removing  that  part 
of  rootlet  to  which  knots  were  attached.  If,  however, 
there  was  apparently  a  general  infection,  almost  all 
trees  showing  the  knots,  I  would  hold  them  subject 
to  shipper’s  order  and  refuse  payment.  When  a  man 
buys  trees  he  expects  to  get  healthy  ones,  reasonably 
free  from  disease  or  seriously  injurious  insect  pests. 

b.  d.  v.  B. 


A  DRAINAGE  TAX. 

I  own  10  acres  of  land  near  a  county  ditch,  also  two 
acres,  the  same  being  my  home  place,  a  little  closer  to  the 
ditch  on  the  opposite  side.  Last  Spring  I  was  served 
with  a  notice  that  the  ditch  was  to  be  tiled.  Knowing 
that  the  water  from  home  place  went  into  ditch  and  also 
knowing  that  water  from  the  10  acres  did  not  get  into  the 
ditch,  and  being  busy.  I  neglected  attending  any  of  the 
meetings.  To-day,  when  I  went  to  pay  my  taxes,  there 
was  $93  assessed  against  me  for  the  10  Acres.  I  went 
to  the  prosecuting  attorney  and  stated  my  case  to  him, 
and  he  says  as  I  did  not  attend  any  of  the  meetings  I 
have  waived  my  rights.  What  should  I  do?  I  am  satisfied 
that  nobody  can  show  the  slightest  bit  of  evidence  that 
the  water  runs  in  the  direction  of  ditch,  and  have  plenty 
of  evidence  that  water  never  did  or  does  now  flow  that 
way,  but  goes  just  in  the  opposite  direction.  The  law 
appears  to  be  against  me,  but  do  you  think  that  that  is 
justice?  H.  o.  w. 

Ohio. 

If  you  should  have  a  choice  colt  in  the  barn  on 
your  back  lot  and  should  forget  to  water  him  for  a 
week  he  would  die  even  though  your  intentions  were 
the  best.  The  drain  was  decided  to  be  a  necessity, 
a  taxing  district  was  determined  upon,  the  people  in¬ 
terested  were  notified,  a  day  was  set  for  hearing  com¬ 
plaints,  the  tax  roll  was  spread,  again  people  were 
notified  who  were  interested.  If  no  one  appears  the 
tax  becomes  a  lien  upon  the  land.  If  these  pro¬ 
ceedings  were  carried  out  in  proper  legal  form  there 
is  no  escape  for  you.  Sometimes  an  error  is  made 
by  the  officers,  and  the  tax  can  be  set  aside,  in  which 
case  the  whole  matter  would  have  to  be  gone  over 


July  22? 

again,  at  which  time  you  could  appear.  It  would  cost 
you  some  money  to  hire  a  lawyer  to  examine  the  pro¬ 
ceedings.  If  he  found  the  proceedings  legal  you 
would  still  have  to  pay  the  tax ;  if  the  proceedings 
were  irregular  he  could  set  them  aside.  It  is  not  now 
a  question  of  justice  or  injustice;  you  have  been 
negligent  and  lost  your  colt. 


PICKING  OUT  A  FARM. 

A  friend  of  mine,  and  old  man  and  good  farmer, 
once  said  to  me:  “Never  buy  a  poor  iarm,  however 
cheap  it  may  be.  If  you  do  you  will  always  regret  it 
Better  pay  a  large  price  for  a  good  farm  than  take  a 
poor  one  as  a  gift.”  That  may  seem  a  little  ultra 
but  when  carefully  considered  it  is  not  so  far  wronr/. 

“What  would  I  look  for  if  I  went  to  buy  a  farm!'” 
First  I  should  consider  its  proximity  to  market.  A 
farm,  other  things  being  equal,  close  by  a  good  mar¬ 
ket,  is  worth  vastly  more  than  if  no  more  than  eight 
or  10  miles  away,  and  the  better  and  more  productive 
the  farm  the  greater  per  cent  would  be  the  difference 
in  price.  Then  of  course  I  should  consider  the  char¬ 
acter  of  the  neighbors.  Life  is  too  short  to  waste  it 
in  an  uncongenial  neighborhood.  Of  course  I  would 
have  an  eye  to  the  buildings  but  would  far  rather 
have  a  good  farm  with  poor  buildings  than  a  poor 
one,  however  good  they  might  be.  I  should  care¬ 
fully  look  at  the  kind  of  grass  growing  along  the 
roads.  If  I  saw  only  June  grass  and  sorrel  with  no 
Timothy  or  clover  I  would  not  stop  to  look  at  the 
soil.  I  would  not  kick  if  I  found  Sweet  clover  as 
high  as  my  head. 

“Would  I  look  at  the  growth  of  trees,  shrubs  and 
grass?”  Most  assuredly.  If  I  found  the  woods  oak, 
Black  walnut,  hard  maple,  with  now  and  then  a  bass¬ 
wood  and  the  grass  Timothy  and  clover,  I  would  not 
care  if  there  was  occasionally  a  Canada  thistle  as 
high  as  my  head.  I  would  let  my  team  drive  in  and 
look  carefully  at  the  land.  But  if  the  woods  were 
mostly  White  beech,  poplar  and  White  birch,  with 
June  grass,  poverty  grass  and  sorrel,  and  the  weeds 
not  high  enough  to  hide  a  meadow  lark  when  he 
dropped  down,  I  should  say  “Good  Lord,  deliver  me,” 
and  drive  on.  I  once  bought  a  farm  from  a  man  whose 
boys  said,  “Dad  had  stuck  me,  for  the  natural  pro¬ 
ductions  of  the  farm  were  ragweed  and  Canada 
thistle,”  and  when  we  came  to  harvest  a  field  of  wheat 
which  was  on  the  farm  I  thought  the  boys  had  told 
the  truth,  for  we  had  to  protect  the  legs  of  the  horse 
next  the  standing  grain  in  order  to  cut  a  full  swath. 
I  soon  got  rid  of  the  weeds  and  thistles,  and  what 
made  them  so  rank  was  the  strength  of  the  soil,  and 
that  farm  to-day  is  good  for  40  bushels  of  wheat  per 
acre  and  is  one  of  the  best  farms  in  the  State. 

“How  would  I  proceed  to  find  out  about  the  soil?” 
I  would  take  a  post  auger,  not  a  digger,  and  bore 
down  two  or  three  feet  in  different  places  and  care¬ 
fully  see  the  different  layers.  If  I  found  the  sub¬ 
soil  white  sand  within  a  few  inches  of  the  surface  I 
would  let  the  other  fellow  have  that  farm  and  look 
further.  If  it  was  a  hard  brick-bat  clay  that  would 
hold  water  like  a  jug,  unless  I  wanted  to  start  a  brick¬ 
yard  I  would  not  want  it.  What  I  would  prefer 
would  be  a  good  strong  sandy  loam  with  enough 
clay  in  it  not  to  leach  and  not  sandy  enough  to  blow 
away.  A  gravelly  soil  is  good  if  not  too  strong,  but 
I  would  prefer  a  sandy  soil  to  a  heavy  one;  while  not 
so  strong  as  the  heavier  one,  it  would  be  so  much 
easier  to  work  that  it  would  balance  the  greater 
fertility.  I  should  look  well  to  the  shape  of  the 
trees  in  the  apple  orchard.  A  short,  scrubby,  flat- 
topped  tree  surely  indicates  a  shallow  soil  with  a 
hardpan  not  far  below  the  surface,  while  a  tall  tree 
with  large  top  can  only  be  grown  on  a  deep,  strong 
soil.  I  would  want  the  farm  drainable,  either  naturally 
or  by  underdrains.  I  know  of  farms  that  naturally 
have  a  rather  hard  subsoil,  that  by  underdraining 
have  been  made  very  desirable,  but  of  course  under¬ 
draining  is  quite  expensive,  but  there  are  but  few 
farms  but  what  would  be  greatlv  benefited  by  judici¬ 
ous  tiling.  I  once  bought  a  light  sandy  farm  of  which 
a  close  friend  said :  “It  was  so  light  a  mortgage 
would  not  hold  it.”  I  kept  it  eight  years  and  sold 
it  for  twice  what  I  paid  for  it,  and  the  net  sales  from 
it  for  the  time  I  owned  it  was  $14,000  over  all  ex¬ 
penses.  The  secret  was  no  crop  was  ever  put  on  it 
without  fertilization.  Aly  rule  was  a  light  dressing 
every  crop,  and  it  paid.  So  after  all  very  much  de¬ 
pends  upon  the  way  a  farm  is  treated.  There  are 
more  poor  farmers  than  poor  farms. 

j.  s.  WOODWARD. 


Moke  than  20  years  ago  it  was  claimed  that  windmills 
would  settle  the  question  of  electrical  power.  In  Holland 
long  experiments  have  been  made,  only  to  find  that  wind 
power,  while  the  cheapest  for  such  work  as  pumping,  has 
no  practical  value  for  generating  electricity. 


1911. 


767 


THE  SHORT  HAY  CROP  IN  NEW  YORK. 
Some  of  Its  Lessons. 

I  have  driven  over  some  of  the  representative  sec¬ 
tions  of  New  York,  and  the  fanners  I  have  talked 
with  estimate  the  hay  crop  in  their  sections  at  least 
one-third  short  of  an  average  crop.  The  cause  was 
such  cold  weather  in  April  that  grass  started  nearly 
one  month  late.  This  was  followed  by  a  drought  all 
through  May,  and  up  to  the  second  week  in  June. 
There  was  then  a  week  of  frequent  rains,  and  since 
the  weather  has  been  very  favorable  to  plant  growth. 
The  rains  and  warm  weather  came  too  late  to  save 
the  hay  crop,  for  Timothy  was  already  well  headed, 
and  most  of  the  meadows  in  New  York  grow  Timothy 
and  mixed  grasses.  Where  there  are  several  kinds  of 
grasses  in  the  meadows  some  of  them  may  get  con¬ 
siderable  growth  with  the  present  wet 
weather,  and  thicken  up  the  bottom  of 
the  meadows,  and  so  increase  the  crop 
somewhat.  The  partial  failure  of  the 
hay  crop  is  a  very  serious  loss  to  New 
York  dairy  farmers.  In  the  dairy  sec¬ 
tion  of  New  York  the  grass  crop  is  the 
main  crop.  There  arc  many  valleys, 
with  washed-in  alluvial  soils  along  the 
streams.  Farther  back  from  these  level 
lands  are  foot  hills  and  slopes,  often 
watered  by  springs.  On  these  grow  the 
most  nutritious  pasture  grasses.  The 
meadow  grasses  that  grow  so  abun¬ 
dantly  in  the  washed-in  or  alluvial  soils 
along  the  streams,  the  pasture  grasses, 
springs  of  water  and  the  timber  that 
furnishes  fuel,  lumber  and  fencing  ma¬ 
terial  are  the  natural  assets. 

In  these  sections  the  grasses  that 
grow  most  naturally  without  special  cul¬ 
tivation  arc  dependent  on  weather  con¬ 
ditions.  The  root  system  of  Timothy 
and  kindred  grasses  is  but  a  few  inches 
below  the  surface  of  the  soil.  They  do 
not  go  to  the  lowest  depth  of  soil  for 
water  and  plant  food.  When  the  rain¬ 
fall  is  sufficient  for  the  roots  of  these 
grasses  to  get  their  water  and  food  in 
this  upper  stratum  of  soil,  the  farmers 
harvest  a  normal  crop,  while  a  severe 
drought  in  their  growing  season  short¬ 
ens  the  crop  as  the  natural  result.  The 
average  dairy  farmer’s  prosperity  rests 
on  the  amount  of  grass  he  can  market 
in  the  form  of  dairy  products,  and  in  the 
last  analysis,  on  the  over-head  supply  of 
water,  or  the  rainfall.  Unfortunately 
many  have  made  the  mistake,  which  can¬ 
not  be  rectified  for  many  generations,  of 
destroying  the  forests  on  the  hillsides, 
which  makes  the  rainfall  less  uniform, 
and  all  farmers  are  suffering  the  penal¬ 
ties,  one  of  which  is  the  frequent  short¬ 
age  of  their  grass  crops.  The  short 
grass  crop  to  the  dairy  farmer  means 
cither  to  sell  part  of  his  cows  or  spend 
more  money  for  commercial  food  stuffs, 
and  usually  he  cannot  do  this,  pay  his 
expenses,  and  make  a  comfortable  liv¬ 
ing.  During  one  Spring,  following  a 
severe  drought  which  lasted  nearly  all 
Summer,  I  talked  with  a  feed  merchant 
in  my  town  about  the  farmers’  grain 
bills.  Fie  told  me  he  was  selling  many 
farmers  grain  and  baled  hay  to  carry 
their  cows  through  from  February  to 
the  middle  of  May,  and  their  milk  hardly 
paid  their  feed  bills,  and  for  this  time 
their  living  expenses  and  expenses  for 
hired  help,  keeping  teams  and  running 
the  farm  continued  just  the  same.  lie 
told  me  that  a  majority  were  running 
up  feed  bills  it  w  uld  take  them  all 
Summer  to  pay.  I  think  the  above  is  a  fair  statement 
of  the  conditions  of  dairy  farmers  in  southeastern 
New  York,  who  produce  mostly  Timothy  hay  and 
mixed  grasses  for  roughage  during  a  very  dry  year. 

There  are  comparatively  few  farmers  that  are  suc¬ 
ceeding  in  getting  net  returns  far  beyond  the  average. 
Because  these  have  demonstrated  some  principles  or 
truths,  they  can  be  regarded  as  leaders.  They  are 
showing  us  it  is  possible  to  put  dairy  farming  on  a 
paying  basis,  that  will  be  more  independent  of 
weather  conditions;  that  if  the  rainfall  fails  there  is 
a  way  to  make  available  the  moisture  in  the  reservoir 
under  the  soil,  or  the  underground  waterv<fins  or 
cavities,  when  this  is  needed.  They  are  doing  it  by 
growing  crops  which  work  for  them  all  through  a 
drought,  when  most  meadow  grasses  and  pastures 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 

cease  to  grow.  The  corn  crop,  Alfalfa,  and  clover 
can  solve  the  roughage  problem  of  the  eastern  dairy 
farmer.  With  a  cultivated  crop  the  farmer  is  not 
helpless  in  a  drought.  Fie  can  grow  corn  and  bring 
up  underground  moisture  for  it  when  needed.  By  the 
frequent  cultivation  that  keeps  a  finely  pulverized  layer 
of  soil  on  the  surface,  he  can  use  the  force  of  capillary 
attraction  and  cause  sufficient  water  to  rise  to  the 
corn  roots  to  keep  it  growing  through  a  long  drought. 
I  have  seen  silage  corn  grown  in  this  way  that  stood 
16  feet,  and  the  estimate  was  40  tons  of  green  corn 
per  acre,  or  more  than  sufficient  roughage  for  one 
cow  for  one  year.  Comparing  this  yield  with  the 
Timothy  meadow  that  produces  about  one  ton  of  hay 
to  the  acre  in  a  season  of  drought,  it  is  seen  that  one 
way  out  of  the  average  eastern  dairyman’s  troubles  is 
to  learn  to  grow  maximum  crops  of  silage  corn. 


Another  solution  of  his  problem  is  to  learn  to 
grow  plants  with  a  large  protein  content,  that  they 
save  buying  much  protein  in  grain,  and  that  can  get 
nitrogen  from  the  atmosphere,  and  use  all  of  the  soil 
from  which  to  obtain  water  and  mineral  food.  As 
has  been  stated,  the  Timothy  roots  are  all  in  the  upper 
stratum  of  soil.  Alfalfa  and  clover,  and  especially 
the  former,  makes  a  long,  large  tap  root  that  pene¬ 
trates  to  the  subsoil,  and  may  get  moisture  several 
feet  below  the  surface.  The  writer  has  seen  Alfalfa 
growing  rapidly  on  his  own  place,  when  Timothy  had 
dried  up  and  was  not  growing.  Writing  from  my 
own  experience  of  20  years  with  Alfalfa  I  know  it 
can  be  grown  successfully  on  the  alluvial  soils  of  fair 
depth  that  are  well  drained,  if  one  will  study  the 
needs  of  the  plant,  and  then  do  thorough  work  at 


the  right  time.  The  dairymen  who  are  growing  sil¬ 
age  corn,  Alfalfa  and  clover  are  the  ones  that  are 
making  farming  pay  25  per  cent  or  more  on  their  in¬ 
vestments,  and  have  paid  for  their  farms,  or  have 
gained  a  competency.  I  looked  over  the  books  of  one 
of  this  class  of  farmers  and  they  showed  gross  re¬ 
turns  of  $120  per  cow,  with  less  than  half  the  usual 
expenses  for  grain.  I  know  of  no  business  in  town 
or  city  that  is  paying  as  large  a  labor  income  as  his. 
This  year’s  short  hay  crop  will  not  be  without  compen¬ 
sation  if  it  causes  farmers  to  think  and  to  understand 
that  they  are  not  entirely  at  the  mercy  of  a  climate 
that  has  lost  its  natural  adjustment  and  balance,  be¬ 
cause  of  the  deforestation  of  the  hillsides,  and  the  in¬ 
terference  of  nature’s  plan  to  bring  water  from  the 
clouds  and  uniformly  fill  the  springs,  w.  h.  jenkins. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  pictures  show  how  corn  and  clover 
may  help  in  a  dry  season.  Fig.  289 
shows  corn  16  feet  high  and  well  eared. 
This  was  good  seed  with  the  soil  well 
fitted  and  thoroughly  cultivated.  The 
other  picture  shows  a  crop  of  clover 
seeded  after  corn.  Formerly  this  farmer 
had  ample  barn  room  for  his  crop,  but 
special  care  of  the  clover  has  given  so 
much  fodder  that  surplus  is  stacked. 

WORK  OF  A  GASOLINE  ENGINE. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  what  my 
gasoline  engine  does :  Pumps  all  the 
water  for  the  stock  of  the  125-acre  farm, 
also  for  house  use,  including  bath,  etc. ; 
also  for  the  thrashing  engines  when  in 
the  neighborhood,  which  latter  is  no 
source  of  income  to  owner.  It  does  all 
the  washing  (no  washboard  used  any 
more).  It  runs  the  cream  separator, 
churn,  bone  mill,  sausage  grinder  in 
butchering  time,  emery  wheel  for  grind¬ 
ing  plow  shares,  mower  knives,  etc., 
two-hole  corn-sheller,  feed  mill  (corn 
and  cob  mill)  for  the  stock  on  the 
farm,  buzz  saw  for  sawing  old  rails, 
limbs,  etc.,  rip  saw  to  size  up  anything 
needed  for  repairing  machinery,  etc.,  on 
farm ;  seed  corn  grader  for  the  farm 
(and  neighboring  farms).  It  might  be 
made  do  still  more  work,  but  as  I  am 
not  the  handiest  man  in  the  world,  and 
I  have  put  up  all  my  own  line  shafts, 
etc.,  taken  mostly  from  scrap  piles  and 
some  pulleys  homemade  out  of  wood 
you  will  please  excuse  me  if  I  cannot 
give  you  a  longer  list  of  what  the 
“woman’s  friend”  (engine)  does  for  us. 
I  say  the  “woman’s  friend”  when  think¬ 
ing  of  wash  day,  cistern  or  rain  water 
all  pumped  and  the  dirty  clothes  of  the 
farmer  turned  out  nice  and  clean  with¬ 
out  any  of  the  drudgery  or  dread  of  this 
memorable  day. 

Some  men  ask  me  the  question : 
“Which  would  you  advise  me  to  buy,  a 
gasoline  engine  or  a  windmill?”  This 
to  me  is  a  hard  question.  If  I  always 
knew  about  their  mechanical  ability  I 
could  answer  more  satisfactorily;  an 
engine  will  not  run  on  wind,  like  a  wind¬ 
mill  and  some  men.  I  have  a  two-horse 
engine  which  is  heavy  enough  for  aI7 
my  work  except  grinding  feed.  I  find 
it  a  little  fight,  as  it  works  very  hard. 
I  grind  from  five  to  six  two-bushel  bags 
full  of  feed  per  hour  (corn  and  cob).  I 
have  used  my  engine  almost  seven  years 
and  no  outlay  for  repairs  until  last 
Spring.  Then  I  had  no  break-down,  but 
replaced  some  worn  parts  that  cost  about 
$4.  As  I  said,  it  will  not  run  on  wind, 
as  it  takes  about  VA  gallon  of  gasoline 
per  week  for  the  ordinary  work,  pump¬ 
ing  the  water,  separating  the  milk  from  eight  cows, 
and  doing  the  washing.  Of  course  we  pump  water  at 
the  same  time  that  we  run  the  separator,  thus  reduc¬ 
ing  cost  of  running  the  separator  to  a  minimum.  Some 
men  have  many  engine  troubles  due  to  one  of  two 
causes ;  either  they  made  the  mistake  of  buying  a 
cheap,  poorly-made  engine,  or  are  careless  or  me¬ 
chanically  unable  to  run  a  grain  binder  or  other 
machinery  successfully  on  a  well  equipped  farm.  I 
know  of  two  electric  fight  plants  in  this  county,  stor¬ 
age  battery  systems,  run  by  two-horse  size  engines, 
giving  perfect  satisfaction.  There  are  other  uses  an 
engine  may  be  put  to,  but  I  have  given  only  what  is 
actually  done,  as  I  would  not  wish  to  lead  any  into 
high  anticipations  that  are  not  practical. 

Seneca  Co.,  N.  Y.  uriep  yoder. 


THE  EFFECTS  OF  STOCKS  ON  GRAFTED  TREES.  Fig.  287. 


TOO  MUCH  CLOVER  FOR  TFIE  BARN  SPACE.  Fig.  288. 


SIXTEEN-FOOT  CORN  TO  FIELP  OUT  A  DROUGIIT.  Fig.  289. 


768 


SFHE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

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VARIOUS  FRUIT  QUESTIONS. 

J.  11.  B.j  Orange ,  Va. — 1.  My  raspberry 
bushes  are  dying.  They  looked  very  prom¬ 
ising  up  to  about  10  days  back.  They  are 
loaded  with  berries,  but  they  are  small  and 
tasteless.  The  varieties  are  Cuthbert  and 
Ruby.  The  bushes  have  been  nicely  culti¬ 
vated.  What  is  the  matter  with  them? 
2.  Will  the  pear  blight  be  communicated 
to  the  peach  and  apple  trees  if  in  close 
proximity?  3.  Would  it  be  safe  to  mulch 
young  peach  and  apple  trees  with  fresh 
sawdust?  I  am  afraid  of  acid.  The  wood 
is  mostly  of  pine  and  chestnut  and  a  little 
hard  wood  mixed  with  it.  4.  Would  this 
sawdust  kill  the  honeysuckle  roots  if  the 
tops  are  cut  off  and  roots  covered  six  inches 
deep,  say,  in  August?  5.  Would  it  be  safe 
to  use  this  sawdust  next  Spring  if  heavily 
dusted  with  slaked  lime? 

Ans. — 1.  It  may  be  that  some  kind  of 
blight  is  affecting  the  raspberry  bushes, 
or  there  may  have  been  a  severe  drought 
that  has  starved  the  bushes  and  the  ber¬ 
ries  as  well.  It  is  now  too  late  to  save 
the  crop  this  year,  but  if  there  is  any 
sign  of  disease  of  any  kind  on  the 
leaves  or  stems  samples  should  be  sent 
to  the  experiment  station  at  Blacksburg, 
that  the  experts  there  may  study  them 
and  report  the  facts  and  give  directions 
what  to  do. 

2.  Pear  blight  is  communicated  to 
apple  and  quince  trees,  but  not  to  peach 
or  any  other  kind  of  fruit  trees.  Every 
sign  of  the  blight  should  be  cut  away, 
and  well  below  the  affected  part,  as  soon 
as  seen  and  carefully  burned. 

3.  Fresh  sawdust  would  be  very  bad 
to  use  as  a  mulch  about  trees  or  plants 
of  any  kind.  There  is  considerable  acid 
in  it  that  is  injurious  and  the  fermenta¬ 
tion  that  must  occur  is  also  injurious. 
After  a  year  in  the  weather,  spread  out 
about  a  foot  deep,  there  is  no  danger  of 
this  kind.  I  have  tried  much  sawdust 
for  mulching,  both  old  and  new,  and 
never  use  any  that  is  fresh  except  where 
there  are  paths  or  spaces  that  should  be 
kept  free  from  all  growth.  Chestnut 
wood  is  rather  rich  in  tannic  acid  and  is 
distilled  for  this  product. 

4.  I  think  it  would  kill  honeysuckle 
quite  effectually,  spread  six  inches  deep. 
This  is  a  terrible  weed  in  Virginia  and 
some  other  places. 

5.  Lime  would  probably  help  materially 
in  nullifying  the  injurious  effects  of  the 
fresh  sawdust.  h.  e.  van  deman. 


WORK  IN  WESTERN  APPLE  ORCHARDS. 

At  this  time  of  the  year  our  attention 
is  mainly  drawn  to  our  orchards ;  every¬ 
thing  else  takes  second  place.  With  the 
budding  forth  of  the  trees  we  find  also  the 
ever  presence  of  fungi  and  insect.  With  us 
it  is  a  matter  of  business  to  make  war 
upon  the  pests,  and  we  are  at  it  early  and 
late,  using  the  best  methods  gained  by  ex¬ 
perience  and  study  in  the  orchards.  To 
many  of  us  the  trees  bear  the  same  relation 
as  good  tried  friends,  thus  helping  them 
when  afflicted,  but  always  working  with 
one  end  in  view  ;  if  possible  to  prevent  dis¬ 
ease  attacking  the  tree. 

I  have  found  in  the  last  two  years  that 
the  best  remedy  for  our  trees  for  fungus 
is  lime-sulphur  arsenate  of  lead  combina¬ 
tion,  taking  entirely  the  place  of  the  Bor¬ 
deaux  mixture.  I  do  not  believe  it  can  be 
improved  upon  for  such  diseases  of  fungus 
nature  as  apple  scab  (called  black  spot), 
apple  rot,  fruit-bark  borer,  the  brown  rot 
on  stone  fruit,  plum  leaf-blight,  shot-hole 
fungus.  In  fact  I  found  this  combination 
a  great  time  saver  during  the  season  when 
the  Codling  moth  works.  By  using  this 
combination  you  fight  both  the  insect  and 
fungus  at  the  same  time.  In  applying  the 
same  I  am  very  careful  about  its  strength. 
I  use  a  lime-sulphur  hydrometer,  making 
the  strength  for  Summer  spraying  1.015  on 
apples  and  other  pome  fruits;  for  stone 
fruits  such  as  peaches,  etc.,  1.005,  adding 
two  pounds  of  arsenate  of  lead.  For  the 
benefit  of  those  not  having  an  hydrometer 
use  two  gallons  of  lime-sulphur  solution  to 
50  gallons  of  water  (having  reference  to  the 
commercial  lime-sulphur  solution).  I  would 
say  that  my  experience  with  this  combina¬ 
tion  has  been  very  satisfactory  last  year, 
the  net  results  of  which  showed  an  abso¬ 
lutely  clean  crop  of  apples  of  from  95  to  99 
per  cent,  bearing  in  mind,  however,  the 
fact  that  the  usual  thinning  must  be  done. 
It  should  also  be  remembered  that  the 
tree  should  be  sprayed  thoroughly  from  the 
top  down,  not  from  the  bottom  up ;  using 
the  Bordeaux  nozzle  from  an  elevated  plat¬ 
form  with  a  pressure  from  100-160  pounds 
will  do  the  work. 

When  to  Spray. — I  arrive  at  the  time  to 
spray  when  larva;  of  the  Codling  moth 
hatches  in  the  observation  cage.  I  have 
prepared  to  this  end  a  cage  about  a  foot 
square,  covered  on  all  sides  with  common 
wire  window  screen.  In  it  I  place  the 


July  22, 


larva,  and  await  their  hatching ;  I  know  then 
is  the  time  to  get  busy  This  I  know  to 
be  the  surest  way  to  catch  the  moth.  Many 
people  spray  as  often  as  eight  to  10  times  a 
season  for  the  moth,  when  probably  three 
times  would  have  been  sufficient  Of  course 
it  all  depends  upon  the  season,  but  the 
most  I  have  ever  sprayed  for  the  motb.  is 
four  times  In  using  my  cage  system  one 
is  absolutely  sure  to  catch  the  moth.  The 
other  method,  which  I  term  the  guess 
method  or  system,  you  often  miss  the  right 
time,  to  say  nothing  of  the  waste  of  mate¬ 
rial  and  time.  The  Codling  moth  has  no 
certain  time  to  hatch  ;  all  depends  upon  the 
season.  If  yOur  season  happens  to  be  back¬ 
ward,  so  will  the  moth  be ;  if  forward  the 
moth  also. 

Kerosene  Emulsion. — I  believe  by  expe¬ 
rience  this  to  be  the  best  insecticide  known. 
I  have  used  it  successfully  for  aphis  of  all 
kinds  ;  snout  beetles  and  kindred  beetles  do 
not  like  it  and  will  be  exterminated.  The 
woolly  aphis,  which  gives  us  considerable 
trouble,  is  eradicated  by  applying  it  to  the 
roots  of  the  trees.  Combine  two  gallons  of 
kerosene  with  one-half  pound  of  whale-oil 
soap.  The  soap  should  be  dissolved  in  boil¬ 
ing  water  and  then  poured  while  still  hot 
(away  from  the  fire)  into  the  kerosene.  The 
mixture  is  then  churned  violently  for  about 
15  minutes  by  means  of  a  force  pump  and 
direct  discharge  nozzle,  throwing  a  strong 
stream  by  pumping  the  liquid  back  upon 
itself.  At  the  end  of  this  time  the  mixture 
will  have  become  of  the  consistency  of 
thick  cream.  If  the  emulsion  is  thus  pre¬ 
pared  it  will  keep  indefinitely  and  may  be 
diluted  only  as  needed.  For  most  insects 
except  scale  or  bark  lice  the  staple  emulsion 
should  be  diluted  with  from  15  to  20  parts 
of  water.  During  the  dormant  season  I  use 
is  as  strong  as  one  in  s  0. 

Washington.  Paul  q.  krueger. 


ALFALFA  ON  LONG  ISLAND. 

Those  who  have  tried  it  here  prefer  seed¬ 
ing  in  August,  as  most  of  the  weed  seeds 
have  sprouted  and  been  Killed,  and  they  get 
a  better  stand,  as  the  Alfalfa  gets  ahead 
of  the  weeds.  If  seeded  in  Spring  the 
weeds  usually  choke  out  the  Alfalfa.  It 
has  not  been  planted  hereabouts  very  ex¬ 
tensively,  but  a  good  number  of  farmers 
are  putting  in  small  patches  and  some  have 
two  or  three  acres,  I  think.  I  have  no 
room  for  it,  as  my  land  is  about  all  in 
fruit,  but  I  want  to  arrange  to  try  it  in 
some  way.  I  have  Hairy  vetch  in  dewber¬ 
ries  (seeded  to  plow  under)  which  I  am  let¬ 
ting  go.  to  seed,  as  1  think  I  can  get  as 
much  out  of  the  seed  as  I  would  from  the 
dewberries.  It  has  done  finely. 

Suffolk  CO.,  N.  Y.  NAT  E.  BOOTH. 

In  regard  to  the  best  time  to  seed  Alfalfa 
on  Long  Island,  from  my  experience  I  think 
August  is  best  I  have  tested  it  out  pretty 
well,  both  Spring  and  Fall  seeding,  and 
I  would  not  seed  at  any  other  time  except 
in  the  early  part  of  August  weather  per¬ 
mitting.  If  very  dry  then  I  should  wait 
until  later.  It  seems  to  be  the  opinion  of 
most  of  the  people  in  this  vicinity,  and  it 
has  been  proven  correct  with  a  great  many 
of  them,  that  Alfalfa  cannot  be  made  to 
live  on  Long  Island,  but  not  so  in  my  case. 
I  have  about  80  acres,  most  of  it  as  fine  as 
anyone  wished  to  see,  and  those  who  are 
in  a  position  to  know  tell  me  it  is  as  good 
as  they  have  seen  grown  in  the  Alfalfa  dis¬ 
tricts.  Some  of  my  oldest  fields  now  are 
going  back,  and  must  be  reseeded  soon. 
These  fields  have  been  cutting  eight  years, 
four  times  each  season,  so  that  speaks  quite 
well  for  Alfalfa  on  Long  Island. 

Long  Island.  Joseph  e.  mahon. 

Alfalfa  is  still  an  experiment  on  Long 
Island.  I  have  seen  some  nice  pieces,  but 
there  are  so  many  conditions  which  con¬ 
flict  that  it  is  doubtful  if  Alfalfa  can  be 
made  a  success  for  the  general  farmer.  The 
principal  money  crop  on  Long  Island  is 
potatoes,  because  the  quality  is  superior  to 
any  other  section  of  country  on  the  face 
of  the  earth.  The  application  of  lime  pro¬ 
duces  conditions  favorable  to  the  scab  germ, 
that  ruins  the  sale  of  the  potatoes.  It 
seems  to  be  the  general  opinion  that  Alfalfa 
will  not  grow  without  lime,  and  potatoes 
are  more  profitable  than  any  kind  of  stock, 
so  it  is  useless  to  try  Alfalfa  on  some  land 
that  is  very  rocky,  and  will  sow  after  I  dig 
the  potatoes.  It  would  be  useless  to  sow 
in  the  Spring,  as  there  are  too  many  weeds. 
Mr.  Hallock  has  promised  me  some  soil  for 
inoculation,  and  I  can  get  a  big  heap  of 
acetylene  refuse  for  the  carting,  but  I 
would  not  try  it  on  any  land  that  I  ever 
wanted  to  put  potatoes  on  again. 

Suffolk  Co.,  N.  Y.  CHAS.  a.  young. 


THOSE  ALBANY  FARMER  STATESMEN. 

Mr.  .Tames  S.  Parker,  a  Representative 
from  Washington  Co.,  N.  Y.,  gives  his  occu¬ 
pation  as  “farmer.”  He  voted  against  the 
Collin  bill,  which  was  designed  to  regulate 
sales  of  farm  produce  by  commission  men. 
Mr.  Parker  pays  no  attention  to  our  ques¬ 


tion  asking  for  his  reasons  for  this  negative 
vote,  but  we  have  the  following : 

“Being  a  Washington  county  farmer  I 
am  interested  in  your  attempt  to  get  our 
farmer  representative,  Hon.  Jas.  S.  Parker, 
to  give  his  reason  or  reasons  for  voting 
against  the  Collin  bill.  Mr.  Parker  main¬ 
tains  a  large  farm  with  fine  dairy,  trotting 
horses,  etc.  Whether  his  farming  “pays”  I 
do  not  know,  but  I  will  wager  that  were  he 
placed  on  a  good  150-acre  farm,  saddled 
with  a  $2,000  mortgage,  and  told  to  make 
his  way  he  would  shortly  have  a  much  dif¬ 
ferent  idea  of  the  needs  of  farmers  from 
that  which  he  now  holds.  It  is  generally 
conceded  that  he  has  his  office  by  reason 
of  his  money,  and  when  it  is  explained  that 
he  is  a  friend  of  James  Wadsworth  and  has 
the  reputation  of  doing  politically  whatever 
Wadsworth  advised,  his  status  as  a  politician 
may  be  estimated.  If  by  calling  himself  a 
farmer  he  thinks  to  pass  as  having  agri¬ 
cultural  interests  at  heart  let  me  say  that 
Washington  county  farmers  are  undeceived. 
When  you  learn  why  he  voted  against  the 
Collin  bill  you  will  have  the  answer  to  why 
he  was  against  Gov.  Hughes  and  the  direct 
nomination  bill,  was  chairman  of  the  com¬ 
mittee  on  railroads,  favored  Chauncey  M. 
Depew,  etc.  The  answer  is  obvious.” 

CHAS.  C.  PERRY. 

Last  year  Mr.  Parker  received  6,041  votes 
out  of  a  total  of  10,567.  We  have  no  desire 
to  do  him  any  injustice  or  injury,  but  he 
ought  to  come  forward  and  explain  that 
vote.  Here  was  one  of  the  most  important 
farm  propositions  ever  before  the  Legisla¬ 
ture.  Mr.  Parker  claims  to  be  a  farmer 
and  he  ought  to  know  why  he  is  opposed 
to  this  plan  for  regulating  commission  men. 
It  is  to  be  regretted  that  some  of  those 
“agriculturists”  cannot  be  made  to  serve  a 
term  as  Mr.  Perry  suggests  before  they  rep¬ 
resent  real  farmers. 


Don’t  You  Think  You  Ought  To  Know 

All  there  is  to  know  about  a  remedy  that  can  be  sold  with 
a  contract?  Not  a  “nigger-in-the-woodpile”  promissory, 
meaningless  guarantee— but  an  ironclad  legally  binding 
contract  to  permanently  cure  or  refund  money.  Send 
for  copy.  Write  for  letters  from  Bankers,  Business  Men 
and  Farmers  the  world  over  on  every  kind  of  case.  Also 
BOOKLET  on  all  lameness. 

EXPERT  VETERINARY  ADVICE  FREE  £,ur°rclL° 

we’ll  advise  frankly  and  clearly  what  to  do,  give  you 
benefit  of  over  15  years'  success  in  treatment  of  every 
character  of  cases. 

O.  J.  lirown.  Red  Codar  Shingles,  Graham,  Ore.,  Feb.  S,  1911 . 

Troy  Chemical  Co.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. — Kuclose  acknowledg¬ 
ment  for  another  bottle.  The  first  I  used  on  a  German  coach 
horse,  “Godhard,”  for  thoroughpin,  and  gave  entire  satisfaction 
and  a  complete  cure.  Tbio  was  two  years  ago.  O.  J.  BROWN. 
6  mm  a  bottle,  with  a  legal  contract  to  absolutely  and  per* 

<])  la  ‘UU  manently  cure  Bone  or  Bog  Spavin,  Thoroughpin, 
|  lllngbone  (except  low),  Curb,  Splint,  Capped  llock,  Wind- 
V  puff,  Shoe  Boil,  Injured  Tendons  and  all  lameness,  or  re¬ 
fund  the  money.  No  scar  or  lost  of  hair.  Horse  works  as  usual. 
Dealers  or  Express  Paid.  TROY  CHEMICAL*  CO., 
24  Commercial  Avenue,  Hiiighumton,  New  York. 


ALFALFA  SOIL  FOR  INOCULATION 

.  ,  .  Send  for  Prices  and  Circular  .  .  . 

E.  T.  GILL,  Haddon  Farms,  Haddonfield,  N.  J. 


INOCULATED  ALFALFA  SOIL 

75  cents  per  hundred,  $10.00  per  ton.  F.  O.  B.  Ash- 
ville.  Pa.  Send  for  FREE  booklet  “  How  to  Grow 
Alfalfa.”  Dr.  H.  SOMERVILLE,  Chest  Springs, 
Cambria  County,  Pa. 


ADDI  F  TRFFg— A"  hinds  Trees  and  Plants 
OirLt  I  UlLO  Prices  reasonable.  Salesmen 
Wanted.  Mitchell’s  Nursery,  Beverly.  Ohio 

FflR  CAI  F~C0W  H0RN  TURNIp.  25c  lb  Vetch, 
lUn  oALE.  Crimson  Clover  and  Rape  at 
Market.  SIEGEL  THE  SEEDMAN,  Erie,  Pa. 


CABBAGE  PLANTS  of  all  kinds,  $1  per  1000;  Tomato  and  Sweet 
Potato  Plants,  $1.60  p.r  1000;  Cauliflower  and  Peppers, $2.60 
per  1000.  Plants  ready  for  field.  J.  C.  Schmidt,  Bristol,  Pa. 


M  ELI  LOT  U  S 

The  choicest  and  one  of  the  best  soil  restorers  known. 
We  haves  fine  lot  of  seed  that  we  can  retail  at  less 
than  ordinary  wholesale  prices.  Onr  seed  is  hailed, 
yellow  blossom.  GUARANTEED  TO  GROW.  This 
plant  is  also  a  splendid  preparation  for  alfalfa. 

■  ■  pii  Via  All  northern  grown,  guaranteed  to  bo 
111  rCll  HI  P®r  ccnt  Pure  niul  free  from  dodder. 
HLI  HIbI  H  Write  for  free  sample. 

THE  WING  SEED  COMPANY 

BOX  823  MECHANiCSBURG,  OHIO 


WANTFn  A  WORKING  FARMER. 

▼▼  *  I-rLJ  Married.  To  run  a  dairy  farm 

of  twenty  cows.  Milk  sold  at  door,  or  will  rent 
farm.  Must  be  sober  and  good  worker.  Reply 

“FARMER."  care  The  Rural  New-Yorker. 


GARDENING  EAST, 

It *8  ft  pleasure  to  make  gar* 
den  the  IRON  AGE  WAY  , 
no  back  breaking  and  grubbing  with 
an  old-fashioned  hoe  if  you  have  our 
No.  19C  Wheel  Cultivator  and  Plow.  In% 
five  minutes  you  can  do  work  that  would 
require  an  hour  the  old  way— that  isn’t  all/ 
you  do  better  work  and  insure  bigger  crops. 

Cost  $3.25.  Has  four  attachments. 


ISON  AUK 


Garden! 

_ Tools 

Include  a  complete  line  of  Wheel  Hoes.  J 
Hand  Drills,  Fertiliier  Distributors,  etc.  J 
Prices,  82.50  to  $12.00.  A  boy  or  girl  can  i 
operate  them.  Write  to-day  for  our  75thJ 
Anniversary  Cntnlogue  showing  also 
potato  machinery,  orchard  and 
other  tools. 


AGENTS  $3  a  Day 

■*“  NEW  PATENTED  AUTOMATIC 

CURRY  COD3B 

Made  of  best  cold  rolled 
steel.  Horsemen  delighted. 
Takes  just  half  the  time 
to  clean  a  horse.  Keeps 
the  teeth  always  clean; 
„  no  clogging  with  hair  and 

dirt.  A.  R.  Pett  says:  “It’s  a  dandy.  Sold  14  last 
night  to  my  neighbors.”  Easy  seller.  Big  profits. 

rite  Quick.  Free  sample  to  workers. 
THOMAS  MFC.  CO.,  88fio  Wayne  St.,  Dayton,  Ohio 


“THE  BETTER  WAY’ 
DISTRIBUTER 

Ourlmproved  patented  open 
throat  elbow  with  sliding 
door  regulate*  the  blast  of 
your  blower  through  our 
Flexible  Distributer.  It  In¬ 
creases  the  capacity  of  your 
fillo,  mixes,  distributes  and 
firmly  packs  the  feed  almost 
automatically.  ‘‘It  prevents 
tho  spoiling  of  the  ensilage” 
Saves  its  cost  in  labor  over 
and  over  again.  Fits  any 
blower.  Sold  on  trial.  Thou¬ 
sands  In  use.  “Nothing  like 
It.”  Wo  pay  the  freight. 
Now  Is  the  time  to  order. 
(EF'lf  you  own  a  Sllq,  write 
now  for  our  Special  Offer. 

W.  W.  BATEMAN  CO. 

(  46  3d  St.,  Boonville.  Ind. 


SPRAT 


All  kinds  spraying  out¬ 
fits  fo  r  all  pu  rposes — Bar¬ 
rel,  Knapsack,  Power 
Potato  Sprayers,  Com¬ 
plete  Gas  Engine  Orchard 
etc.  Send  for  catalog,  FREE. 


FIELD  FORCE  PUMP  COMPANY, 

2  t  1  th  Street,  Elmira,  New  York 


the  most  efficient  device 
nlrt  made  for  pumping  water  by  water. 
D  A  gyt  Raises  water  30  feet  for  each  foot 
of  fall— no  trouble 
-or  pumping  expense.  Satis¬ 
faction  guaranteed. 

Booklet,  plans,  estimate,  FREE, 

RITE  ENGINE  CO. 

2429  Trinity  Bldg.,  N.  Y. 


DO  YOU  NEED  FARM  HELP? 

The  Jewish  Agricultural  and  Industrial  Aid 
Society  has  on  its  lists  men  wishing  to  obtain  em¬ 
ployment  upon  farms.  Most  of  them  are  without 
experience,  but  they  are  able-bodied  and  willing 
to  work.  They  speak  little  or  noEnglish, although 
many  of  them  speak  German.  If  you  can  make 
use  of  such  help,  please  ccimnunicate  with  us, 
stating  what  you  will  pay.  whether  the  work  is 
permanent,  and  whether  you  prefer  a  single  or  a 
married  man.  We  are  a  philanthropic  organiza¬ 
tion,  whose  object  it  is  to  assist  and  encourage 
Jews  to  become  farmers.  We  charge  no  commis¬ 
sion  to  employer  or  employee.  Address 
THE  J.  A.  &  I.  A.  S..  174  Second  Avenue,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


'IXT'ANTED— A  capable,  industrious,  honest,  mar- 
ried  Farmer,  who  understands  stock  and 
vegetable  farming;  to  take  charge  of  a  fifty-acre 
farm  close  to  a  New  England  summer  resort;  fair 
salary  and  portion  of  the  profits  to  the  right  man. 
Address,  with  full  particulars,  L.  L.,  care  Rural 
New-Yorker. 


WANTFn — -A  man  to  manage  poultry  plant.  One 
ivhii  ■  bli  that  has  practical  experience.  Give 
reference,  and  state  salai  y  wanted.  Address 

S.  II.  ROSEN STOCK,  Frederick,  Md. 


1857 


E.  FRANK  COE  FERTILIZERS 


1911 


HAVE  BEEN  RAISING  THE  STANDARD  OF  EXCELLENCE  FOR  OVER  FIFTY  YEARS 

Freedom  from  Acidity 

You  know  that  an  acid  condition  is  ob.ioxious  to  nature. 

Acid  blood  in  the  human  being  causes  rheumatism,  gout  and  a  host  of  other  diseases. 

An  acid  condition  of  the  soil  prevents  the  growth  of  the  nitro-bacteria  that  enable  alfalfa,  clover  and  other  leguminous  crops  to  gather  nitrogen  from 
the  air,  and  stops  the  development  of  the  nitrifying  bacteria  that  convert  other  forms  of  nitrogen  into  nitrates  which  are  necessary  for  plant  feeding 
Timothy  (Herd’s  Grass),  Clover,  Alfalfa,  Beets,  Onions,  Asparagus,  Tobacco,  Spinach,  and  many  other  crops  cannot  succeed  on  an  acid 
soil.  You  will  therefore  appreciate  the  importance  of  using  fertilizers  from  which  the  acidity  has  been  removed. 

While  many  fertilizers  contain  from  100  to  150  lbs.  of  free  acid  to  the  ton,  this  has  all  been  removed  from  the 

E.  Frank  Coe  Fertilizers 

At  the  same  time,  the  solubility  and  availability  of  these  famous  brands  have  been  improved.  No  extra  charge  is  made  for  these  brands  on 
account  of  this  improved  method  of  manufacture,  but  you  will  readily  appreciate  its  great  value  if  you  will  this  season  watch  the  crops  in  the  fields 
raised  with  , — ,  ,  y-,  »-*  , , 

L.  trank  Coe  t  ertihzers 

Our  valuable  Fertilizer  Memorandum  Boo\  will  be  sent  free  of  charge  if  you  mention  The  Rural  New-Yorker. 

THE  COE-MORTIMER  COMPANY,  51  Chambers  Street,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


1911. 


T&& 


TROUBLE  WITH  MAPLE  TREES. 

M.  D.  If.,  Bradford,  ra. — What  is  tlio  host 
treatment  for  maple  trees  that  are  dying? 
The  trees  are  about  40  years  old,  and  of 
good  size,  and  hitherto  of  good  vigor.  This 
year  several  limbs  on  one  side  are  quite 
dead.  Is  there  any  virtue  in  iron  filings 
placed  about  the  roots? 

Ans. — There  is  some  local  cause  for 
the  branches  dying  on  one  side  of  the 
trees.  It  may  be  that  there  is  a  gas  pipe 
in  the  ground  along  the  street,  and  it 
may  be  leaking.  If  this  is  so  the  roots 
are  injured  and  the  branches  on  that 
side  also  affected  in  like  manner.  Elec¬ 
tric  wires  sometimes  hurt  trees  that  are 
very  close  to  those  carrying  high-power 
currents.  Trees  in  towns  and  cities  have 
many  troubles  that  are  not  met  with  in 
the  country.  h.  e.  van  deman. 

Leaking  Cement  Wall. 

.4.  R.,  ProctorviUe,  O. — I  have  a  place 
made  to  hold  water  for  spraying ;  it  is 
walled  with  brick  and  one  coat  of  cement. 
It  is  good  solid  wall,  but  it  seems  to  leak. 
It  was  not  troweled  down  enough  I  think. 
Some  say  I  could  take  thin  cement  and  a 
brush  and  go  over  it.  What  do  you  think? 

Ans. — When  building  cisterns  or 
anything  in  that  line,  great  care  must 
be  observed  in  the  selection  and  tex¬ 
ture  of  the  sand  to  be  used  for  the 

final  water-tight  finish.  The  sand  should 
be  sieved  through  quite  a  fine  sieve,  not 
allowing  grains  larger  than  a  No.  6  shot 
to  pass  through.  If  the  cement  con¬ 
tains  pebbles  of  any  size  they  will  roll 
along  under  the  trowel  when  pressed 

against  the  brick,  making  it  almost  im¬ 
possible  to  make  a  watertight  job  un¬ 
less  put  on  quite  thick,  which  is  not 

necessary,  and  also  more  expensive.  If 
you  think  the  fault  lies  in  the  manner 
in  which  the  cement  was  put  on,  take 
the  advice  given  you  and  give  it  a  coat 
of  thin  but  rich  cement,  brushing 
thoroughly,  especially  where  the  rough 
places  are.  Probably  you  filled  the 
tank  before  the  cement  was  properly 

hardened,  and  under  the  pressure  of  the 
water  a  few  little  crevices  opened,  but 
I  think  the  wash  will  stop  it  all  right. 
I  have  a  cement  roof  built  a  few  years 
ago  which  leaked  partly  on  account  of 
the  job  being  too  porous  and  partly  on 
account  of  the  cement  freezing  before  it 
got  dry,  causing  the  surface  to  blister. 
I  got  on  the  roof  and  after  wetting 
thoroughly,  I  went  over  it  with  thin 
cement  about  like  cream,  brushing  it  in 
with  a  broom,  and  it  has  never  leaked 
a  drop  since.  w.  a.  bangs. 

Care  of  Strawberry  Field. 

It*.  O.  B.,  Loganton,  Pa. — In  April,  1910, 
we  planted  to  strawberries  one-quarter  acre, 
in  row  3%  feet  and  14  to  IS  inches 
apart  in  the  row.  We  cultivated  three  or 
four  times  with  one-horse  cultivator,  and  did 
some  hand  hoeing ;  until  Fall  the  bed  was 
one  solid  mass  of  plants,  that  if  it  was  not 
for  the  rows  having  been  hilled  up  with  the 
cultivator  you  could  not  tell  where  the  row 
was  from  the  rest  of  the  plants.  We  have 
so  far  picked  over  700  quarts,  and  arc  not 
near  all  done  yet ;  we  expect  to  get  1,000 
quarts  in  all.  This  is  my  first  year  at  rais¬ 
ing  strawberries.  I  would  like  to  know  how 
to  care  for  the  plants  as  soon  as  we  are 
through  picking  berries,  so  we  can  raise  a 
crop  from  this  bed  next  year. 

Ans. — This  is  a  good  yield  for  the 
season.  Our  plan  is  to  cut  off  the  vines 
immediately  after  fruiting.  Use  a  mow¬ 
ing  machine  or  a  sharp  scythe.  Cut 
off  close  to  the  crown,  and  with  a 
sharp  hoe  .  chop  off  all  runners  and 
lower  leaves.  The  object  of  this  is  to 
get  rid  of  the  old  foliage  and  start  a 
new  top.  In  our  case  we  rake  off 
the  tops  and  use  them  to  mulch  young 
trees.  After  cutting  the  tops  we  use  a 
fertilizer  rich  in  potash  and  phosphoric 
acid,  but  without  much  nitrogen — scat¬ 
tering  it  along  the  rows.  This  is  culti¬ 
vated  in  and  the  field  is  kept  clean  by 
use  of  cultivator  and  hoe.  Chop  off 
runners  as  they  appear,  leaving  only 
three  or  four  from  each  plant — these  to 
be  placed  between  the  rows.  Keep  the 
others  cut  off  so  that  all  the  strength 
of  the  parent  plant  will  be  thrown  to 
these  few  strong  runners.  Handled 
in  this  way  the  field  can  be  fruited 
three  or  four  years. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


THF  FACTS  ABOUT  FLORIDA. 

Your  issue  of  June  10  was  alone  worth 
the  price  of  a  year's  subscription.  It  was 
especially  rich  and  refreshing  to  see  how 
that  honest  Swede  (I  judge  from  his  name 
that  he  is  one  of  that  nationality),  Chris¬ 
tian  Petersen,  went  for  the  “Burbank-Ocala” 
combination,  and  his  letter  is  sure  to  do  an 
immense  amount  of  good,  in  protecting 
others  from  the  experience  he  had.  Of  all 
the  nauseating,  sordid  schemes  (about  as 
palatable  to  the  honest  investor  as  a  dish 
of  stewed  wonderberries)  a  leader  is  this 
“latest  creation”  in  the  real  estate  line,  in¬ 
volving  the  fair  name  of  one  of  the  best 
sections  of  Florida,  as  well  as  the  reputa¬ 
tion  of  a  somewhat  over-exploited  wizard, 
all  for  the  sake  of  taking  dollars  from  the 
pockets  of  homeseekers.  On  reading  the 
flamboyant  “Burbank-Ocala”  advertisements 
in  the  papers,  I  wondered  that  any  respec¬ 
table  journal  would  lend  its  columns  to  the 
furtherance  of  any  such  scheme,  which  on 
the  face  of  it  carries  a  warning  to  the 
prudent  investor.  No  worthy  proposition 
needs  such  puffing  as  this  has  had,  and  it 
emphasizes  the  need  of  reform  in  journalism 
to  the  extent  of  barring  out  such  literature 
from  reputable  newspapers.  The  time  is 
coming  when  it  will  be  as  hard  to  get 
such  advertising  into  the  average  daily  as 
it  would  be  to  secure  space  for  it  in  your 
own  columns.  Then  the  public  will  be  bet¬ 
ter  protected  from  fakery  and  imposition. 
The  time  is  probably  coming  when  Uncle 
Sam  will  bar  from  the  mails  all  publications 
containing  palpable  “get-rich-quiclc”  schemes 
calculated  to  injure  the  investing  public, 
and  that  time  cannot  come  too  soon. 

Marion  County,  Florida,  which  was  select¬ 
ed  by  these  bold  boosters  as  the  site  for 
exploiting  the  spineless  cactus  as  a  profit¬ 
less  investment,  is  really  a  fine  section  in 
the  main.  I  have  often  been  through  the 
county,  and  can  bear  witness  to  the  value 
of  many  of  its  tracts  of  land.  It  is  the 
banner  melon-growing  section  of  the  State, 
the  Candler  melons  having  made  a  name 
for  themselves  years  ago.  Before  the  great 
freezes  of  recent  years,  the  Harris  Grove, 
at  Citra,  was  the  lax-gest  plantation  of 
oranges  in  Florida,  and  it  was  reported  that 
one  crop  sold  for  .$S0,000,  in  the  eighties. 
But  there,  as  everywhere,  you  can  find  many 
spots  of  practically  worthless  land,  or  soil 
so  sterile  that  it  would  cost  more  to  make 
it  productive  than  it  is  worth.  Such  tracts 
are  turned  to  profit  by  the  typical  land 
faker,  whose  siren  song  siugs  louder  as  the 
land  is  poorei',  and  the  less  it  costs  him 
the  more  he  can  afford  to  spend  in  big  ad¬ 
vertisements  in  the  dailies  of  uncertain  con¬ 
science  and  the  “Sunday  magazines”  where¬ 
in  so  many  fairy  tales  are  told  of  the  enoi’- 
mous  profits  in  the  culture  of  ginseng, 
mushrooms,  squabs  and  frogs.  That  jour¬ 
nalist  whom  you  quote  as  having  said  that 
“those  land  fakers  had  injured  Florida  more 
than  the  fi’eeze”  knew  what  he  was  talking 
about,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  that  State 
will  pass  and  enforce  laws  making  it  hard 
for  such  imposition  to  be  continued. 

Last  Winter  the  Board  of  Trade  of  Or¬ 
lando  passed  resolutions  indorsing  a  propo¬ 
sition  which  is  now  under  consideration  by 
the  Washington,  D.  C.,  Chamber  of  Com¬ 
merce,  looking  to  the  establishment  in  that 
city  of  a  series  of  State  buildings  on  a  gov¬ 


ernment  reservation,  wherein  the  visitor,  in¬ 
vestor*  or  px-ospective  home-builder  may 
find  accurate  and  reliable  information  about 
any  section  of  the  State,  its  lands,  products, 
industries,  etc.  Maps  of  sections  with  lands 
for  sale,  quality  and  price  guaranteed 
through  the  State  authorities ;  samples  of 
products  of  forest,  field,  mine  and  water ; 
photographs  of  farming  and  other  scenes, 
and  thoroughly  i-eliable  printed  matter,  all 
for  the  purpose  of  exploiting  the  interest 
of  the  State  permanently  at  the  national 
capital.  Fresh  fruits  and  other  produce 
would  be  sent  constantly  to  the  State  build¬ 
ing,  and  orders  taken  by  sample  for  larger 
shipments  to  foreign  and  domestic  points. 
Such  representation  and  pi’otection  from 
fraudulent  exploitation  would  be  of  great 
benefit  to  Florida  as  well  as  other  States, 
and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  such  an  arrange¬ 
ment  can  be  made  at  Washington,  which 
city  would  in  that  event  become  more  truly 
national  in  character,  and  make  itself  the 
greatest  show  place  in  America.  The  Cham¬ 
ber  of  Commerce  has  also  addressed  a  cir¬ 
cular  to  the  Spanish-speaking  nations  to  the 
south,  suggesting  their  co-operation  in  the 
establishment  of  trade  buildings  and  a  per¬ 
manent  exposition  at  Washington.  Inter- 
state  and  international  trade  can  thus  be 
developed,  and  the  public  at  large  supplied 
with  first-hand  and  reliable  business  in¬ 
formation  which  it  has  long  needed. 

I  also  noticed  in  your  issue  of  June  10 
an  inquiry  as  to  the  success  of  camphor 
culture  in  Florida.  On  my  visit  to  Orange 
county  last  January,  I  was  surprised  at 
the  fine  growth  made  by  camphor  trees  I 
had  known  there  years  before.  On  the  farm 
of  my  father  at  Winter  Garden  was  a  tree 
which  he  had  planted  as  a  small  sprout 
obtained  from  the  Department  of  Agricul¬ 
ture  at  Washington  in  1881.  Its  diameter 
at  the  ground  is  now  four  feet,  the  trunk 
branching  in  forks  of  two  feet  each,  near 
the  ground.  It  was  completely  covered  with 
countless  seeds  or  berries,  looking  much  like 
small  black  cherries,  and  the  ground  under¬ 
neath  was  a  mass  of  young  camphor  seed¬ 
lings.  I  learned  that  persons  had  success¬ 
fully  planted  the  seed  like  oats,  harvested 
the  young  plants  with  a  reaper  of  special 
design,  and  distilled  fine  camphor  from  the 
resulting  “hay”  of  young  seedlings.  The 
tree  is  perfectly  hardy  in  Orange  county, 
and  appears  to  have  no  insect  enemies  or 
diseases.  It  is  believed  that  the  wood  is 
valuable  for  making  clothes  chests,  etc.,  the 
natural  gum  retaining  its  odor  for  a  long 
while  and  effectually  banishing  moths  and 
other  insects.  Reliable  information  as  to 
the  present  and  probably  future  of  camphor 
culture  in  Orange  county  could  be  obtained 
from  the  secretary  of  the  Orlando  Board 
of  Trade. 

Another  possible  source  of  profit  to  Flor¬ 
ida  is  the  culture  of  bamboo  for  the  making 
of  aeroplanes.  Nothing  is  so  strong  in  pro¬ 
portion  to  its  weight  as  the  dried  bamboo 
poles,  which  are  often  found  50  feet  in 
height,  weighing  only  a  few  pounds,  and 
capable  of  sustaining  hundreds  of  pounds  in 
weight.  Mit  Henry  Nehrling,  the  famous 
botanist  and  ornithologist  of  Gotha,  Fla., 
has  many  varieties  growing  on  his  place, 
which  have  never  been  injured  by  the  frost. 

Among  the  many  good  things  in  your  issue 
of  June  10  was  a  warning  about  going  too 
heavily  into  Eucalyptus  culture.  In  the 
eighties  the  Eucalptus  craze  struck  Flor¬ 
ida,  and  many  trees  were  planted.  Some 
of  them  grew  10  feet  a  year.  The  freeze 
sealed  their  doom  and  they  faded  as  they 
had  grown,  like  Jonah’s  gourd.  If  the  pub¬ 
lic  will  take  pains  to  investigate  before  in¬ 
vesting,  it  can  get  reliable  information  as 
to  what,  where  and  when  to  buy  and  plant. 
One  thing  is  sure :  Money  planted  in  the 
pockets  of  the  average  Florida  investment 
schemers  will  never  sprout,  much  less  bear 
fruit,  for  the  planter.  After  a  residence  of 
10  years  in  Florida  I  would  impress  upon 
yoxxr  readers  the  necessity  of  visiting  all 
land  before  buying  it,  and  even  then  hire 
an  honest  guide  to  take  them  to  the  actual 
piece  of  land,  and  not  depend  on  the  maps 
or  plats  shown.  Florida  is  bristling  with 
fine  opportunities  for  the  intelligent  and 
industrious  home-seeker  and  farmer,  but 
none  should  buy  befoi'e  inspection. 

Maryland.  lindsay  s.  perkins. 


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THE;  RURAt  NEW-YORKEH 


July  22, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


I  have  been  told  that  New  Jersey  now 
has  a  law  which  makes  farmers  responsible 
for  any  injury  received  by  their  hired 
hands  while  doing  farm  work.  Is  there  any 
such  law?  s.  l.  p. 

You  probably  mean  the  employer's  lia¬ 
bility  bill  which  became  part  of  the  New 
Jersey  law  last  Winter,  and  went  into  ef¬ 
fect  July  4.  The  first  paragraph  of  the 
bill  explains  its  intent  as  follows : 

Compensation  b y  Action  at  Law. 

“When  personal  injury  is  caused  to  an 
employee  by  accident  arising  out  of  and 
in  the  course  of  his  employment,  of  which 
the  actual  or  lawfully  imputed  negligence 
of  the  employer  is  the  natural  and  proxi¬ 
mate  cause,  he  shall  receive  compensation 
therefor  from  his  employer  provided  the 
employee  was  himself  not  willfully  negli¬ 
gent  at  the  time  of  receiving  such  injury 
and  the  question  of  whether  the  employee 
was  willfully  negligent  shall  be  one  of  fact 
to  be  submitted  to  the  jury  subject  to  the 
usual  superintending  powers  of  a  court  to 
set  aside  a  verdict  rendered  contrary  to 
the  evidence. 


All  Sorts. — The  “hot  wave”  struck  us 
In  haying  time.  In  New  York  City  nearly 
150  people  died  from  the  effect  of  the  heat, 
but  out  among  the  hills  we  had  no  great 
suffering  to  record.  On  a  clear  day  from 
the  high  point  of  our  farm  you  can  see  the 
tops  of  several  city  buildings.  While  at 
their  feet  the  human  tide  was  flowing 
over  red-hot  pavements  we  had  breeze  and 
shade  and  reasonable  comfort.  There  was 
no  shade  in  the  hayficlds,  but  there  are 
cherry  trees  under  which  we  could  drive 
the  horses  to  rest  while  we  mounted  the 
trees  for  the  fruit.  The  water  came  out  of 
our  drilled  well  at  about  48  degrees,  and 
the  windmill  kept  at  work  through  the 
week,  so  the  tank  went  dry  only  once.  By 
Saturday  night  the  hay  was  in  the  barn 
and  the  oats  were  curing  on  the  ground — • 
ready  to  be  raked  and  hauled  in  Monday. 
.  .  .  For  dinner  on  Sunday  we  had  our 
choice  of  the  following  rruits :  Cherries, 
red  and  black  raspberries,  currants,  black¬ 
berries,  apples  and  peaches.  The  apples 
were  the  earliest  Astrachans.  The  Alex¬ 
ander  peaches  are  not  the  best,  but  they 
start  the  game.  For  vegetables  we  had 
potatoes,  peas,  beans,  turnips,  beets,  spin¬ 
ach,  onions,  kohl  rabi,  lettuce,  carrots  and 
sweet  corn  nearly  ready.  There  is  no  use 
talking  meat  this  hot  weather  with  such 
an  outfit  of  vegetables.  That  is  what  every 
farm  might  have  where  there  is  soil  and 
manure.  A  boy  or  an  elderly  man  who  has 
the  feeling  for  it  can  raise  a  garden  and 
make  his  labor  count  for  more  than  any 
member  of  the  family. 


“The  right  to  compensation  as  provided 
by  section  I  of  this  act  shall  not  be  de¬ 
feated  upon  the  ground  that  the  injury 
was  caused  in  any  degree  by  the  negligence 
of  a  fellow  employee,  or  that  the  injured 
employee  assumed  the  risks  inherent  in  or 
incidental  to  arising  out  of  his  employment 
or  arising  from  the  failure  of  the  employer 
to  provide  and  maintain  safe  premises  and 
suitable  appliances  which  said  ground  of 
defense  are  hereby  abolished.” 

This  bill  was  evidently  designed  to  give 
workmen  in  factories  some  form  of  pro¬ 
tection,  and  to  compel  manufacturers  to  put 
in  sanitary  or  life-saving  appliances,  but 
it  will  include  farm  laborers  as  well.  For 
example,  I  understand  that  if  one  of  my 
men  should  be  injured  while  unloading  hay, 
because  the  rope  or  track  broke  and  let 
the  fork  fall  on  him,  tie  could  hold  me  re¬ 
sponsible.  To  avoid  responsibility  I  must 
prove  “willful  negligence1’  in  one  of  these 
particulars : 

1.  Deliberate  act  or  failure  to  act. 

2.  Such  conduct  as  evidences  reckless 
indifference  to  safety. 

3.  Intoxication,  operating  as  the  proxi¬ 
mate  cause  of  injury. 

The  law  states  definitely  what  the  em¬ 
ployer  must  pay  in  case  his  workman  is 
hurt.  Where  such  workman  is  disabled 
for  a  time  he  can  draw  half  his  wages  while 
he  is  disabled,  but  not  beyond  300  weeks. 
The  highest  charge  is  $10  per  week — the 
lowest  $5,  unless  actual  wages  are  less  than 
$5.  For  total  disability  the  same  cash 
compensation  may  continue  400  weeks. 


Some  other  compensations  are  : 

Weeks. 

Loss  of  thumb,  half  daily  wages  for . GO 

Loss  of  first  finger,  hair  daily  wages  for. 35 
Loss  of  second  finger,  half  daily  wages 

for . 30 

Loss  of  little  finger,  half  daily  wages  for.  15 

Loss  of  great  toe,  half  daily  wages . 30 

Loss  of  other  toes,  half  daily  wages....  10 

Loss  of  hand,  half  daily  wages . 150 

Loss  of  arm,  half  daily  wages . 200 

Loss  of  foot,  half  daily  wages . 125 

Loss  of  leg,  half  daily  wages . 175 

Loss  of  eye,  half  daily  wages . 100 


Loss  of  both  hands,  arms,  feet,  legs  or 
eyes  will  count  as  “total  disability.”  Noth¬ 
ing  is  said  about  loss  of  hearing,  which  is 
certainly  worse  than  loss  of  little  finger  or 
toe!  In  case  the  workman  is  killed  the  law 
provides  compensation  for  dependents  vary¬ 
ing  from  25  to  60  per  cent  of  wages  for 
300  weeks. 

Now  this  law  was  evidently  designed  to 
protect  workmen  in  factories,  and  the  prin¬ 
ciple  of  it  is  right.  Human  life  has  become 
too  cheap  in  the  rush  for  dollars,  and  this 
law  ought  to  force  employers  to  give  their 
working  people  a  fairer  chance.  A  some¬ 
what  similar  law  was  declared  unconstitu¬ 
tional  in  New  York,  but  it  is  thought  that 
this  New  Jersey  law  is  sound.  In  England 
such  compensation  laws  are  enforced,  and 
have  been  for  years.  We  often  see  reports 
in  the  English  farm  papers  where  farm 
workmen  have  been  paid  for  the  loss  of 
hand  or  foot  while  working  farm  machinery. 
New  Jersey  farmers  should  prepare  for  this 
law,  but  it  will  not  affect  them  seriously. 
There  are  comparatively  few  accidents  in 
farm  work  not  due  to  carelessness  or  negli¬ 
gence.  Suppose  a  man  is  unloading  hay 
from  a  wagon.  The  farmer  cautions  him  to 
get  to  one  side  when  the  hay  fork  goes 
up,  as  the  rope  or  the  carrier*  may  break. 
I  have  known  a  man  to  answer  such  cau¬ 
tion  like  this : 

“Rot !  I  know  what  I  am  doing  !” 

Now  if  either  rope  or  carrier  should 
break  and  the  hay  fork  come  down  on  that 
man  while  he  stood  right  under  it,  the 
farmer  would  not  be  responsible.  I  have 
known  a  man  a  little  drunk  to  be  working 
on  a  fodder  cutter.  The  feeding  table  was 
clogged  and  this  man  reached  in  with  his 
hand  to  clear  it.  The  boss  warned  him 
but  he  persisted.  If  that  man  had  lost  a 
hand  or  several  fingers  the  farmer  could 
not  have  been  held  responsible.  It  would 
be  a  very  nice  question  to  decide  how  far 
a  farmer  would  be  responsible  for  the  acts 
of  a  nervous  horse  which  a  hired  man  had 
whipped,  or  for  injury  done  by  a  bull  which 
the  man  persisted  in  handling  without  a 
ring  and  staff. 

While  this  law  may  hit  some  farmers 
through  farm  accidents,  I  think  it  a  good 
one  in  its  broad  application.  You  ought 
to  go  into  some  of  the  cotton  mills  at  the 
South  and  see  the  children  whose  fingers 
have  been  torn  off.  Human  life  is  too 
cheap  at  best,  and  unskilled  labor  gets  the 
worst  of  it  Yet  even  this  bill  has  its  po¬ 
litical  side.  I  have  been  talking  with  some 
politicians  who  tell  me  they  think  they 
see  in  this  legislation  a  chance  to  “capture 
the  State.”  They  intend  to  frighten  the 
manufacturers  by  telling  them  what  a  fear¬ 
ful  cost  this  compensation  for  injury  will 
rove,  and  promise  to  kill  or  amend  the 
ill  if  they  can  get  back  to  Trenton.  The 
scheme  is  for  the  manufacturer  to  put  up 
the  price  of  a  few  arms  and  feet  and  fingers 
as  a  campaign  fund !  x  nave  no  doubt  they 
will  try  to  frighten  farmers  in  the  same 
way — but  this  little  scheme  will  not  work. 
Let  us  by  all  moans  give  the  law  a  fair 
trial. 


I  get  some  letters  from  people  who  say 
Mollie’s  performance  is  not  worth  talking 
about.  They  have  cows  which  beat  her  out 
of  sight.  I  do  not  doubt  it.  There  is  no 
use  trying  to  tell  such  people  that  we  do 
not  pretend  to  run  any  model  farm,  or  that 
we  have  no  star  performers.  All  we  try 
to  do  is  to  tell  things  as  they  are.  I  think 
the  record  of  a  failure  might  be  made  far 
more  useful  to  the  world  than  the  story  of 
some  wonderful  success.  At  least  we  have 
none  of  the  latter  to  record.  Mollie,  how¬ 
ever,  is  still  going  on.  Here  is  her  record 
to  July  9 : 

April,  11%  days,  28G  lbs.  milk  cost.  .  $  3.68 


May . 1,029  lbs.  milk  cost.  .  10.85 

June  . 1,001  lbs.  milk  cost. .  10.50 


July  (8  days)  . .  .  256  lbs.  milk  cost.  .  2.80 

2,572  $27.83 

This  cow  weighs  about  800  pounds.  So 
thus  far  she  has  given  over  three  times  her 
weight  in  milk  in  80%  days.  She  is  fed 
10  pounds  of  grain  per  day.  This  costs 
about  1%  cent  a  pound.  We  find  that  it 
takes  about  one  hour  a  day  to  care  for  her. 
This  is  worth  20  cents  to  us.  Many  a 
dairyman  will  laugh  at  the  idea  of  spend¬ 
ing  20  cents  per  day  to  care  for  one  cow  ! 
With  a  20-cow  dairy  this  would  mean  $4 
per  day  for  care  alone.  I  would  like  to  see 
every  man  who  does  it  got  that  amount. 
The  job  is  worth  it.  Here  we  have  another 
case  where  it  does  not  pay  to  use  the  figures 
on  one  cow  in  estimating  the  returns  from 
a  large  dairy.  Take  a  man  away  from 
hoeing,  picking  or  cultivating  to  care  for  a 
cow  and  it  costs  all  of  20  cents  on  a  fruit 
farm.  Where  dairying  is  the  chief  business 
it  would  not  cost  so  much  for  each  animal. 

I  still  insist  that  this  milk  is  worth 
four  cents  a  pound  to  our  big  family.  This 
means  $102.88  which  Mollie  has  earned  for 
us.  Now  if  she  had  never  been  taken  from 
the  farm  where  she  was  born,  her  milk 
would  now  be  coming  from  Delaware  Co., 
N.  Y.,  to  New  York,  or  to  some  factoi'y. 
Supposing  she  gave  the  same  quantity,  it 
would  be  worth  at  the  average  prices  now 
being  paid  from  $26  to  $30 — the  latter  a 
large  price.  We  chai’ge  ourselves  retail 
price  which  is  about  what  we  have  to  pay. 
Thus  this  cow  back  in  her  old  home  would 
barely  pay  what  we  figure  the  cost  of  her 
milk  without  any  charge  for  pasture  or 
hay !  In  other  words,  ner  owner  back  on 
the  dairy  farm  would  get  less  than  30  cents 
of  the  consumer’s  dollar. 

The  apple  crop  still  promises  well.  I  do 
not  want  another  drought  such  as  we  had 
last  year,  but  even  with  that  the  fruit  has 
made  such  a  growth  that  it  seems  secure. 
All  the  manure,  weeds,  trash  or  similar 
stuff  that  we  can  get  is  hauled  and  spread 
on  the  sod  under  the  trees.  I  find  it  hard 
to  get  men  to  realize  the  importance  of  this. 

I  would  make  it  one  of  the  most  important 
rules  on  a  fruit  farm  to  put  everything  that 
can  rot  among  the  young  trees.  On  part  of 
our  orchards  the  rye  was  plowed  under,  fur¬ 
rows  made  and  a  variety  of  fodder  crops 
put  in.  We  have  four  different  kinds  of 
corn,  sorghum,  Japanese  millet  and  buck¬ 
wheat,  all  in  drills.  The  buckwheat  and 
the  millet  are  new  ones  to  me  for  drilling, 
but  we  wanted  to  know.  The  cultivators 
are  kept  going  and  in  August  either  rye 
alone  or  rye  and  vetch  will  be  seeded  and 
worked  in.  Then  the  fodder  crops  can  be 
cut  and  cured  and  the  rye  will  come  on. 
In  one  way  we  are  like  the  man  mentioned 
in  the  Scripture  who  bad  no  barn  room 
for  his  crops.  Our  barns  are  running  over 
with  hay  and  straw.  This  farm  never  pro¬ 
duced  more  than  it  will  this  year,  and  yet 
we  feel  that  we  have  only1  begjin  to  learn 
how  to  work  the  soil.  The  oats  were  cut 
July  8,  while  the  grain  was  soft  and  milky. 
If  we  can  possibly  handle  the  rye  in  time 
we  want  to  plow  the  oats  field  and  sow 
buckwheat  with  a  mixture  of  Red  and  Alsike 
clover.  It  may  be  a  little  late  for  the  buck¬ 
wheat,  but  if  we  cannot  make  grain  we  can 
have  the  field  in  great  shape  for  next  year. 

I  believe  in  crowding  a  few  acres  hard  with 
crop  after  crop,  leaving  the  hills  to  the 
orchards.  By  the  way  our  strawberries 
gave  us  a  full  supply  from  May  28  to 
June  30.  That  required  five  varieties  to 
lap  over.  We  had  six  quarts  at  least  in 
our  family  every  day.  Marshall  as  usual 
went  over  the  longest  period,  though  the 
last  berries  were  inferior  to  the  first.  It 
is,  however,  a  stayer.  We  are  potting 
plants,  though  runners  are  not  made  freely 
in  this  dry  weather. 

There  is  one  crop,  however,  that  stands 
flood,  drought  or  any  other  condition — the 
child  crop.  Our  little  folks  jump  out  of 
bed  and  after  bread  and  milk  and  fruit  start 
their  day’s  run.  Barefooted  and  blouse  and 
overall  clad  they  do  their  little  work  and 
their  big  play.  They  ai-e  all  over  the  farm 
— now  in  the  t)ayfield,  now  in  the  garden  or 
orchard,  now  on  the  lawn  under  the  trees. 
At  noon  there  is  a  stuffing  on  milk  bread 
vegetables  and  fruit,  and  then  another  run 
till  suppertime.  They  have  no  meat  except 
a  little  chicken  or  bacon  at  times.  When 
night  comes  they  are  washed  and  then  they 
crawl  into  slumber  deep  and  restful  until 
the  sun  calls  them  once  more.  Great  is 
childhood.  I  am  glad  that  we  can  offer 
these  little  folks  what  T  call  the  God-given 
right  to  a  home  and  a  happy  childhood. 

H.  w.  c. 


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CORN  HARVESTER 


That  boats  them  all.  One  horse  cuts  two  rows. 
Great  labor  saver.  Carries  to  the  shock.  No  twine. 
Worked  by  1,2  or  three  men.  We  also  manufacture 
Stump  Pullers  and  Tile  Ditchers.  Writo  for  catalog. 
R.  L.  BENNETT  &  (JO.,  Westerville.  Ohio. 


BULLETIN  35 


should  have  it.”  The  entire  Agricultural  Press 
endorses  its  use,  as  does  the 


United  States  Department  of  Agriculture 
CARBOLINEUM  WOOD  PRESERVING  CO- 
181  Franklin  Street  -  New  York,  N,  Y. 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE. 


.  .  .  MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY  .  .  . 

‘The  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Send  for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  “Bone  Base”  Fertilize  j. 


”OU  will  never  get  the  most  out  of  your  soil,  until  it  is  properly 
fertilized.  And  it  will  never  be  properly  fertilized  until  you 
use  a  good  manure  spreader,  because  the  use  of  a  spreader 
will  enable  you  to  overcome  the  practice  of  spreading  on  one  acre 
what  should  be  used  on  two.  Why  delay  the  profits  that  are  right¬ 
fully  yours?  Why  not  look  into  this  manure  spreader  proposition 
at  once?  Learn  the  many  reasons  why  thousands  of  other  progressive 
,  farmers  are  having  such  great  success  with  I  H  C  Manure  Spreaders. 

When  you  examine  one  of  these  spreaders,  note  the  extreme  sim¬ 
plicity  and  great  strength  of  the  working  parts;  note  that  the  beater 
driving  gear  is  held  in  a  single  casting,  thus  there  is  no  binding  nor 
cutting  of  parts  caused  by  the  gearing  springing  out  of  alignment. 
Notice  the  roller  bearing  support  for  the  apron  which  reduces  the  draft 
of  the  machine;  operate  the  convenient  levers;  notice  how  quickly  and 
easily  the  feed  changing  device  can  be  shifted,  and  the  wide  range  of 
adjustment. 

Corn  King  Cloverleaf 
Kemp  20th  Century 

Each  of  these  famous  I  H  C  Spreaders  is  sim¬ 
ple,  strong,  and  durable  in  every  part.  Each  is 
instantly  adjustable  to  spread  light  or  heavy  as 
your  judgment  tells  you  is  best  for  the  soil. 

Whether  you  have  a  large  or  small  farm,  or 
whether  you  want  a  spreader  for  orchard  use — 
there  is  an  I  H  C  that  will  suit  your  requirements. 

Why  not  see  the  I  H  C  local  dealer  at  once? 

Let  him  tell  you  why  I  H  C  Spreaders  are  so  re¬ 
markably  successful.  Get  catalogues  from  him,  or, 
if  you  prefer,  write  direct  for  any  information  you 
desire. 


INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER  COMPANY 
OF  AMERICA 

(Incorporated) 

Chicago  USA 


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Service  Bureau 

The  Bureau  Is  ft 
clearing:  house  of 
agricultural  data. 
It  aims  to  learn 
the  best  ways  of 
doing  things  on 
the  farm,  and  then 
distribute  the  in¬ 
formation.  Your 
individual  experi¬ 
ence  may  help 
others.  Send  your 
problems  to  the 
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reau. 


1911. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKEB 


771 


Ruralisms 

A  TALK  ABOUT  ROSES. 

c  F.  B.,  Hamburgh,  N.  Y. — Arc  there 
classes  of  “everblooming,”  “monthly”  and 
not  roses?  Give  partial  lists  of  same.  IIow 
should  the  little  Dorothy  Perkins  rose  sent 
me  be  treated  at  this  season?  When  is  the 
he«t  time  to  plant  and  how  should  ground 
he  prepared  for  roses?  For  a  permanent 
border  what  varieties  do  you  recommend? 
The  rose,  I  think,  is  growing  in  popularity 
and  deservedly  so,  and  I  do  not  recall  a 
season  when  there  was  such  a  profusion  pf 
bloom  The  country  folk,  especially  in 
rural  towns,  are  showing  great  taste  for  the 
aesthetic  side  of  life :  many  dooryards  are 
veritable  flower  gardens,  and  I  wish  to  get 
“in  line.” 

Ans. — “Everblooming”  is  not  a  very 
accurate  term,  but  it  is  applied  to  a 
large  class  of  Summer  and  Autumn 
flowering  roses,  which  bloom  more  or 
less  continuously.  The  leas  and  Hy¬ 
brid  Teas  (many  of  which  are  tender 
in  our  climate)  have  the  best  right  to 
take  the  name,  and  we  also  include  un¬ 
der  this  head  a  variety  of  China,  Bour¬ 
bon  and  Polyantha  Hybrids.  Some  of 
the  Hybrid  Perpetuals  or  Hybrid  Re- 
montants  really  deserve  the  name  of 
everblooming,  but  a  large,  proportion  ot 
them  flower  profusely  in  June,  and 
merely  give  a  few  scattered  flowers  in 
the  Autumn.  These  roses  are  a  mix¬ 
ture  of  Damask,  Provence,  Bourbon, 
Bengal  and  Tea;  the  class  is  very  large, 
and  includes  many  suitable  for  planting 
where  the  Winters  are  severe  The 
China  or  Bengal  is  the  “monthly  rose, 
and  is  really  a  perpetual  bloomer;  one 
of  the  best-known  of  this  class  is  the 
old  Agrippina,  which  gives  a  profusion 
of  crimson  flowers  through  the  season; 
it  is  not  very  hardy.  Some  of  the  Bour¬ 
bons  are  also  termed  “monthly”  roses, 
and  among  the  best  is  Hermosa,  often 
seen  in  old  gardens ;  it  is  a  bushy  grow¬ 
er  with  very  double  bright  pink  flowers 
freely  and  constantly  produced,  and  al¬ 
though  it  was  introduced  in  1840,  it  has 
never  been  superseded  in  its  particular 
class  It  will  be  seen  that  “everbloom¬ 
ing'’  and  “monthly”  are  names  rather 
loosely  applied,  and  not  very  descrip¬ 
tive.  There  is  no  distinctive  class  ot 
“pot  roses,”  since  practically  all  these 
roses  may  be  and  are  grown  in  pots.  It 
would  be  difficult  to  give  even  a  par¬ 
tial  list,  for  Leon  Simon’s  “Diction- 
naire  de  Tous  les  Nonas  de  Roses  Con- 
nus’”  gives  over  10,000  different  vari¬ 
eties!  However,  we  can  give  a  list  of 
good  varieties  we  have  tried. 
r  We  plant  our  roses  in  Spring,  dormant 
stock  of  Plybrid  Perpetuals  and  Hy¬ 
brid  Teas,  just  as  early  as  the  ground 
can  be  worked,  greenhouse  plants  in 
active  growth  (usually  Hybrid  ,1  eas 
or  soft  propagated  stock  of  other  sorts) 
in  May,  after  danger  from  frost  is  over. 
All  roses  need  good  drainage,  and  dis¬ 
like  sour,  wet  soil;  otherwise  they  will 
prove  easily  pleased.  Work  the  soil 
well,  enriching  with  veil-rotted  manure ; 
if  very  light  spade  .  some  leaf  mouia, 
if  tough  clay  lighten  with  burnt  eartn 
or  some  coal  ashes.  If  drainage  is  im¬ 
perfect  dig  a  deep  hole,  and  put  some 
stones  or  broken  bricks  in  the  bottom , 
old  bones  are  also  good.  As  your  Dor¬ 
othy  Perkins  was  rather  late  in  reach¬ 
ing  you  we  would  coddle  it  a  little  this 
season  by  watering  in  a  dry  time,  and 
see  that  it  gets  good  surface  cultivation. 
If  you  are  planting  it  by  a  porch  be  sure 
it  has  good  soil,  and  not  sterile  subsoil 
from  the  foundation,  which  is  often 
used  for  grading  around  a  house.  Put 
a  light  mulch  of  manure  around  it  this 
Fall,  forking  it  into  the  ground  in 
Spring — not  that  this  rose  needs  pro¬ 
tection,  but  you  will  naturally  wish  to 
encourage  it  the  first  season.  This  rose 
is  a  show  feature  in  our  own  garden, 
arching  a  gateway  and  clambering  along 
a  fence,  and  we  cannot  praise  it  too 

highly.  .  . 

The  followng  roses  are  giving  us 
satisfaction  in  the  latitude,  of  New 
York,  without  Winter  protection. 

Climbers.— Ruby  Queen,  bright  cerise ; 
Philadelphia  and  Crimson  Rambler, 
both  crimson,  but  beginning  bloom 
about  10  days  part;  Wichuraiana  or 
Memorial  ros*  white,  single;  Dorothy 
Perkins,  pink ;  Dr.  W .  V  an  Fleet,  shell 
pink,  of  exceptional  beauty  and  value , 
Evangeline,  pale  pink,  single ;  Tausend- 
schon,  pink,  shading  to  flesh  and  white; 
Blush  Rambler,  pale  pink;  White  Dor¬ 
othy,  white.  A  number  of  others  are 
under  trial. 

Hybrid  Teas  (which  we  may  call 
everblooming) — Francisca  Kruger,  pink, 
shaded  with  buff  and  amber ;  Killarney, 
bright  pink;  La  France,  pink,  large; 
Miss  -Cynthia  Forde,  clear  pink,  very 
fine ;  Gustave  Grunerwald,  bright  pink, 
beautiful;  William  Shean,  delicate  pink, 
extra  good ;  Kaiserin  Augusta  Victoria, 


white,  shaded  with  amber ;  Mme.  Caro¬ 
line  Testout,  satiny  rose. 

Hybrid  Perpetual.  —  Frau  Karl 
Druschki,  the  finest  white;  Margaret 
Dickson,  white  shaded  flesh ;  Mrs.  John 
Laing,  soft  pink,  very  free,  and  blooms 
in  Autumn ;  Hugh  Dickson,  bright  crim¬ 
son ;  Ulrich  Brunner,  cherry  red; 
Prince  Camille  de  Rohan,  deep  velvety 
crimson ;  Mme.  Gabriel  Luizet,  soft 
pink,  very  fine;  Magna  Charta,  bright 
rosy  pink,  very  hardy  and  free ;  Paul 
Neyron,  bright  rose,  very  large;  Mrs. 
A.  M.  Kirker,  vivid  cerise,  very  fine ; 
Gustave  Piganeau,  bright  pink;  Earl  of 
Dufferin,  velvety  crimson;  Fisher 
Holmes,  like  the  old  Jacqueminot,  but  a 
better  bloomer;  Alfred  Colornb,  dark 
crimson,  very  good.  This  list  could  be 
greatly  extended.  The  most  admired 
and  unusual  rose  we  have  is  Soleil  d’Or 
(Hybrid  Lutea),  a  large,,  full  very 
double  flower  of  vivid  nasturtium  yel¬ 
low.  It  is  doing  very  well  this  year, 
but  previous  years  it  appeared  a  weak 
grower;  still,  it  is  too  beautiful  to  give 
up,  even  if  it  fails  to  live  over  Winter. 

Wild  Apples  in  Chinese  Turkestan. 

The  Plant  Introduction  Bureau  states 
that  among  the  notes  sent  in  by  Mr. 
Frank  N.  Meyer,  agricultural  explorer, 
on  material  collected  in  the  Thian  Shan 
Mountains,  the  following  were  ap¬ 
pended  to  certain  cuttings  of  wild  apple 
which  did  not  survive  the  journey.  “The 
valley  of  the  Chong  Djighilan  River  (al¬ 
titude  3,700  feet)  and  its  small  tribu¬ 
taries  is  one  vast  wild  apple  and  apricot 
garden,  and  these  wild  trees  vary  in  all 
possible  ways.  The  quality  and  sizes  of 
the  fruits  of  the  wild  apples  exhibit 
great  variations,  ranging  from  small, 
sour,  hard  fruits  up  to  medium-sized  ap¬ 
ples  of  a  very  fair  taste.  The  local  peo¬ 
ple  collect  the  best  varieties  in  Autumn, 
slice  them  and  keep  them  dry  for  Win¬ 
ter  use,  while  bears  and  wild  hogs  come 
down  from  the  higher  mountains  espec¬ 
ially  to  enjoy  botli  the  apples  and  the 
apricots  in  late  Summer  and  Autumn. 
These  wild  apples  are  apparently  much 
slower  growers  than  those  we  have  in 
cultivation,  but  they  make  up  for  it  in 
all-round  hardiness,  and  one  may  ex¬ 
pect  to  obtain  from  them  strains  able  to 
stand  much  greater  cold  than  most  of 
the  varieties  that  have  been  developed 
from  the  apples  coming  originally  from 
moist  and  mild  western  Europe.” 

Hiekorynut  Trees  in  Pasture. 

C.  I.,  Rochester,  N.  I". — I  have  two  fine 
hickory  trees,  growing  near  together,  bear¬ 
ing  the  best  nuts  I  ever  ate.  that  are  be¬ 
ginning  to  die.  They  are  from  40  to  50 
years  old,  grown  in  a  meadow.  In  the 
same  field  are  other  hickory  trees  growing 
in  the  same  kind  of  soil,  so  far  as  I  can 
judge,  which  are  perfectly  healthy  and  beat- 
good  crops  of  nuts,  although  25  to  50  years 
older.  The  horses  and  cattle  stand  around 
these  two  choice  trees  a  good  deal,  al¬ 
though  not  as  much  as  under  the  older 
ones.  I  have  been  thinking  I  would  fence 
them  in  and  then  mulch  heavily  with  barn¬ 
yard  manure  or  fertilizer,  or  both.  What 
do  vou  suggest,  if  this  scheme  is  not  the 
best? 

Ans. — It  is  quite  likely  that  the  sod 
and  the  tramping  of  the  earth  by  the 
stock  that  is  in  the  pasture  and  natur¬ 
ally  spend  much  of  their  time  under  the 
shade  of  the  trees  injures  their  roots. 
In  a  state  of  nature  hickory  trees  are 
mulched  with  leaves  and  decaying 
twigs  and  all  such  vegetable  matter. 
This  keeps  the  ground  about  them  and 
over  their  roots  cool,  moist  and  soft. 
In  pastures  this  would  all  be  changed 
and  the  trees  might  suffer  by  it.  To 
fence  them  in  and  mulch  the  soil  with 
very  coarse  manure  and  any  old  trash 
that  can  be  found  on  the  farm  would 
surely  benefit  them,  but  I  would  not 
advise,  using  very  rich  manure  nor  that 
which  is  fresh  from  the  stables.  There 
are  thousands  of  such  trees  scattered 
over  the  country  that  deserve  the  best 
of  treatment  and  that  would  pay  well 
for  it  in  crops  of  nuts.  I  have  seen 
thousands  of  them  in  the  Central  States, 
especially  in  Ohio,  Indiana  and  Illinois, 
that  are  too  valuable  to  be  abused.  If 
absolutely  left  alone  they  would  be  far 
better  off  than  to  be  starved  of  fertility 
and  moisture  in  meadows  and  pastures. 
The  choice  varieties  should  be  propa^ 
gated  by  grafting  and  budding  them 
onto  other  and  much  younger  trees,  thus 
preserving  them  and  increasing  the 
product  of  valuable  nuts.  This  can  be 
done  by  cutting  back  the  branches  of 
any  hickory  tree  to  mere  stubs  in  the 
early  Spring  and  when  the  sprouts  that 
will  result  are  of  proper  size  bud  and 
graft  them  from  the  choice  ones.  A 
grove  of  sprouts  or  very  young  trees 
can  sometimes  be  found  that  may  thus 
be  made  over  into  great  value.  The 
budding  and  grafting  of  nut  trees  is  not 
easily  done  successfully,  but  it  can  be 
done  and  should  be  done  on  many 
farms.  h.  e.  van  deman. 


My  “Pearl  Glass” 
lamp-chimneys  are 
clear  as  crystal. 
They  remain  so 
throughout  long 
service. 

Chimneys  made 
of  bottle  glass  are 
dull  when  you  buy 
them.  They  get 
mistier  in  use  and  break  at  the 
first  chance. 

Macbeth  “Pearl  Glass”  lamp- 
chimneys  are  tough.  They  are 
made  to  last. 

My  name  is  on  every  one.  I  make  a  lamp- 
chimney  for  every  burner  and  my  Index  tells 
which  one  to  get.  Send  for  it. 

Macbeth 

Macbeth-Evans  Glass  Co.  Pittsburgh 


Let  Me  Pay  the 
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The  Ohio  Carriage  Mfg. 

Sta.  290,  Columbus,  Ohio 


Grain  Drill  Value. 

The  Buckeye  Grain  Drill  has  many 
exceptionally  good  features — double  run 
force  grain  feed,  which  will  sow  any 
kind  of  oats,  wheat,  rye,  rice,  barley, 
peas,  beans  of  all  kinds  and  sizes,  beets, 
etc. ;  a  non-corrosive  glass  cone  fertili¬ 
zer  feed,  that  will  successfully  sow  in 
almost  unlimited  quantities  the  most 
obstinate  of  fertilizers,  having  an  agita¬ 
tor  that  always  keeps  the  fertilizer  mov¬ 
ing;  a  fertilizer  hopper  lined  with  gal¬ 
vanized  metal ;  a  square  tubular  steel 
frame  that  will  not  warp  or  sag;  a 
nested  cone  gear  drive,  absolutely  posi¬ 
tive  and  with  no  lost  motion;  any  style 
of  furrow  openers  wanted — single  or 
double  disc,  hoe  or  shoe ;  wheels  that 
cannot  be  excelled;  simplicity  of  con¬ 
struction  that  enables  any  child  who  can 
read  to  successfully  operate  it;  a  drill 
that  is  very  light  in  draft  and  one  that 
has  no  neck  weight.  The  Buckeye  is 
made  in  all  styles  and  sizes ;  in  plain 
grain  and  combined  grain  and  fertilizer. 
The  proper  thing  is  to  write  to  The 
American  Seeding-Machine  Co.,  Incor¬ 
porated,  Springfield,  Ohio,  for  a  Buck¬ 
eye  catalogue,  read  it  carefully  and  then 
go  to  your  nearest  implement  dealer  and 
ask  to  see  the  Buckeye  Drill,  which  will 
be  sold  under  one  of  the  fairest  war- 
rantys  ever  placed  on  an  agricultural  im¬ 
plement. 


THE  AMERICAN  WELL  WORKS 
Office  h ml  Works,  Aurora,  Ill. 


!4  More  Water  AHAy  , 

“American”  Centrifugal  Pump 


than  by  others  because  the  impeller 
is  accurately  machined  to  the  casing, 
preventing  any  sudden 
change  in  direction 
of  the  water.  Hot 

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trifugal  absolutely 
guaranteed. 

Write  for  new 
catalog. 


First  National  Pank  Building,  CHICAGO 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Tin: 
U.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


One  Man  Made  $2500.00 
in  a  Single  Season 


The  buckeye  traction 

DITCHER  did  this  for  one  man. 
What  has  heen  done  by  one  man  can 
be  done  by  you.  This  machine,  of  small 
first  cost,  will  more  than  pay  for  itself  in  a 
season  s  time. 

F  armers  are  just  beginning  to  appreciate 
the  advantages  of  tiled  land.  They  know 
that  tiled  land  bears  greater  crops  and  brings 
greater  profits.  They  know  that  Buckeye 
ditches  are  the  best  and  you  with  a 

Buckeye  Traction 
Ditcher 

have  no  trouble  in  finding  work  with  a 
machine  that  cuts  1 00  to  1 50  rods  a  day,  at 
a  saving  of  from  25%  to  50%  over  the  old 
method. 

The  Buckeye  is  so  simple  in  operation 
that  anyone  can  run  it.  It  only  requires  two 
men  to  operate  the  steam  machine  and 
one  man  can  operate  the  gasoline  machine. 
This  is  your  opportunity  to  make  money. 


Write  at  once  for  catalog  No.  3 

The  Buckeye  Traction  Ditcher  Co., 
Findlay,  Ohio. 


—  99  9Xoo  %  Pure— 

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THE  AMERICAN  !R0H  ROOFING  CO..  Dept.  D,  ELYRIA,  OHIO 


A  WONDERFUL  FARM  TOOL 

CLARK’S  "TOFT' DOUBLE_  ACTION  CULTI¬ 
VATOR  AND  HAR¬ 
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vented.  Two  harrows 
in  one.  Throws  the  dirt 
out,  then  in,  leaving  the 
land  level  and  true.  A 
labor  saver,  a  time  saver, 
a  crop  maker.  Perfect  centre  draft.  Jointed  pole. 
Beware  of  imitations  and  infringements.  Send  today 
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Facts  on  Hay  Presses 

We  have  just  issued  a  new  Free  book  on 
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Fastest  Hay  Press 
2Vz  Tons  Per  Hour 


Greater  capacity  is  guaranteed  in  all  Spencer 
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B  All  steel  construction— Steel 

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roller  hearings— Smooth,  silent  action— 
k  No  jar  or  jerk— snecd  up  to  35  strokes  per  minute. 

P kMriNCP*'  Automatic  Block  Propper  -crops  block  at  right  time-  HEK,  WSM 

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HAY  PRES 


77  2 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homo* 

Established  tsso 


Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  469  Pearl  St.,  New  York 

Herbert  W.  Collingwood,  President  and  Editor. 

Jour  J.  DILLON,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

W«.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Koylb,  Associate  Editor. 


SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 
To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union.  $2.W,  equal  to  8s.  6d.,  or 
&%  marks,  or  10J£  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 


Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 


Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  as  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 


“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  wo  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  trifling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  lientioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

In  the  farm  diary  this  week  you  will  find  a  mighty 
contrast  between  life  on  that  2000-acre  farm  in  Vir¬ 
ginia  and  the  Michigan  farm  where  the  entire  family 
must  work.  There  is  no  paper  in  the  country  which 
can  show  among  its  readers  a  wider  diversity  of  work 
and  conditions  than  The  R.  N.-Y.  Yet  they  are  held 
together  in  a  firm  brotherhood  by  the  element  of 
human  nature.  Every  back-to-the-lander  should  read 
these  farm  diary  sketches.  They  will  either  cure  his 
desire  or  make  it  chronic.  A  10-cent  subscription 
would  settle  it. 

* 

It  seems  that  we  have  at  last  found  a  place  where 
Alfalfa  is  in  the  way.  This  is  mentioned  in  our  Long 
Island  notes,  page  768.  One  man  is  shy  of  Alfalfa 
because  the  crop  must  have  lime  and  that  will  mean 
more  scab  on  potatoes.  Let  him  cut  the  Alfalfa  a  few 
years  and  then  plow  the  sod  under  and  plant  pota¬ 
toes.  He  will  grow  the  crop  of  his  life,  and  find 
that  the  Alfalfa  has  taken  care  of  the  lime.  The  other 
man  does  not  find  a  place  for  Alfalfa  on  a  fruit  farm. 
This  is  a  more  serious  objection,  for  Alfalfa  is  a 
permanent  crop  while  fruit  should  be  cultivated.  Yet 
a  few  acres  on  a  fruit  farm,  perhaps  at  the  back  end, 
well  seeded  to  Alfalfa,  will  pay  well.  Working  stock 
must  be  fed  and  an  acre  of  Alfalfa  will  give  twice 
as  much  fodder  as  Timothy  or  other  grasses.  The 
smaller  the  farm  the  more  useful  Alfalfa  may  be. 

* 

We  followed  up  that  celebrated  Guernsey  cow  case 
until  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Guernsey  Club.  You 
remember  that  Mr.  H.  A.  C.  Taylor  secured  an  in¬ 
junction  compelling  the  club  to  print  a  record  of  the 
cow  “Missy  of  the  Glen.”  There  is  serious  question 
about  this  record  and  we  understand  the  club  would 
not  print  it  unless  ordered  to  by  the  Supreme  Court. 
At  the  annual  meeting  this  matter  was  discussed  and 
the  club  called  on  Mr.  Taylor  to  apologize.  We  un¬ 
derstand  he  has  not  yet  done  so.  It  is  about  time 
he  did,  and  should  he  continue  to  refuse  to  do  so, 
such  refusal  will  become  an  insult  to  the  club.  The 
picture  of  a  man  sitting  on  a  soft  court  injunction 
with  his  thumb  at  his  nose  is  not  an  edifying  spec¬ 
tacle.  What  is  the  Guernsey  Cattle  Club  going  to  do 
about  it?  We  generally  find  the  answer  to  such  ques¬ 
tions  by  repeating  them. 

* 

Why  don’t  some  of  the  agricultural  papers  tell  the  far¬ 
mers  that  “vetch,”  that  is  being  so  much  boomed  as  a  cover 
crop,  and  to  supply  humus  for  the  soil,  is  simply  tares? 
It  would  cause  a  lot  of  farmers  to  sit  up  and  take  notice 
and  a  multitude  of  them  would  need  no  further  introduc¬ 
tion.  In  ancient  times  it  was  considered  unfortunate  that 
“An  enemy  had  saved  tares”  in  somebody’s  wheat  field. 
We  are  having  a  fight  with  this  grass,  which  seems  to  be 
taking  possession  of  the  whole  country,  and  it  seems  worse 
than  folly  to  be  propagating  these  pests  by  sowing  seed. 
Connecticut.  d.  j.  ellsworth. 

This  is  hard  talk  for  our  good  friend  Hairy  vetch. 
Where  is  your  authority  for  such  a  statement?  We 
are  very  willing  to  tell  the  full  truth  about  vetch,  but 
the  best  information  we  can  get  shows  that  the  tares 
mentioned  in  the  New  Testament  were  not  vetch  at 
all,  but  the  grass  or  weed  known  as  darnel.  Some 
authorities  say  it  was  chess  or  cheat.  The  Hairy 
vetch  is  not  a  grass  at  all,  and  entirely  different  from 
grain  in  seed  and  vine.  We  have  had  dozens  of 
different  plants  sent  us  by  farmers  who  think  they 
have  found  vetch.  These  include  plantain,  purslane 
and  “pigweed.”  We  have  pointed  out  the  damage  in 
getting  vetch  seed  mixed  with  the  grain,  but  on  fruit 
or  truck  farms  Hairy  vetch  is  one  of  the  most  useful 
cover  crops  that  can  be  seeded. 


Postmaster  General  Hitchcock  says  that  he  will 
try  parcels  post  on  the  rural  routes  and  see  whether 
people  care  for  it.  We  presume  he  means  that  he 
will  ask  Congress  to  authorize  such  an  experiment. 
We  do  not  understand  the  department  can  start  such 
a  scheme  of  its  own  authority.  Such  a  thing  would 
be  but  a  feeble  imitation  of  the  service  which  the 
Germans  and  English  enjoy.  It  would  not  interfere 
with  the  express  companies’  business.  There  might 
be  a  dozen  routes  running  out  of  a  large  town  or 
city.  Under  Mr.  Hitchcock’s  plan  packages  could  be 
mailed  at  reduced  rates  to  or  from  this  city,  only 
over  the  routes  starting  from  this  central  point.  If 
a  patron  on  one  of  these  routes  wanted  to  send  an 
article  to  another  city  he  would  still  be  obliged  to 
pay  express  charges  or  full  and  double  postage.  In 
all  these  suggestions  the  proposition  seems  to  he 
to  avoid  interfering  with  the  express  companies. 
Should  such  a  feeble  parcels  post  be  started  strong 
influences  would  he  at  once  organized  to  kill  it  off 
and  thus  try  to  prove  the  entire  plan  a  failure.  We 
do  not  believe  this  would  be  possible.  The  people 
are  so  desperately  in  need  of  better  package  mail 
service  that  they  will  prove  its  value  even  under  the 
hardest  conditions. 

* 

It  is  not  likely  that  Robert  A.  Sibbald,  of  Bergen 
County,  N.  J.,  will  ever  be  voted  into  the  Hall  of 
Fame.  He  probably  knows  better  than  to  send  in 
his  measurement  for  a  halo  and  a  pair  of  wings.  At 
the  same  time  Mr.  Sibbald  has  set  an  example  for 
100,000  office  holders,  more  or  less.  The  office  of 
county  clerk  in  Bergen  County  had  become  a  roost 
for  a  set  of  slick  and  lazy  politicians.  It  took  them 
about  six  months  to  record  a  deed,  and  nearly  a 
year  to  take  care  of  a  mortgage.  They  were  just 
about  as  courteous  and  good-natured  over  business 
as  a  set  of  bulldogs.  In  order  to  make  room  for 
some  politicians  the  office  was  divided  and  a  new 
one  established,  register  of  deeds.  The  register  was 
to  be  paid  $6500,  with  a  deputy  register  at  $2500.  The 
first  election  to  fill  this  office  was  held  last  Fall.  Mr. 
Sibbald  ran  on  the  singular  platform  that  if  elected 
he  would  do  all  he  could  to  have  the  office  abolished. 
He  was  elected  over  one  of  the  most  popular  men 
in  the  county,  and  he  proceeded  to  carry  out  his 
pledge  by  having  the  Legislature  pass  a  bill  abolishing 
the  office  and  putting  its  duties  back  with  the  county 
clerk.  This  has  been  done,  and  on  July  4  Mr.  Sib¬ 
bald  retired.  Before  he  went  he  brought  the  business 
up  to  date  and  proved  that  there  was  no  need  of  a 
separate  register.  This  action  saves  the  taxpayers 
of  the  county  about  $20,000,  which  would  have  gone 
to  politicians  for  useless  political  jobs.  Just  what 
motive  Mr.  Sibbald  had  in  giving  up  his  political 
job  is  known  to  himself.  We  make  record  of  it  here 
as  an  unusual  thing  which  we  fear  will  not  be  widely 
imitated.  Most  people  who  get  on  the  political  roost 
have  no  thought  of  giving  their  place  up.  Most  of 
their  energy  is  spent  in  hanging  to  it,  and  the  more 
useless  it  is  the  closer  they  hang.  Running  all  the 
way  up  from  township  government,  the  counfry  is 
full  of  useless  political  jobs  in  which  thousands  of 
men  are  getting  lazy  graft.  Try  your  hand  at  fighting 
this  system  and  you  will  find  all  the  politicians  com¬ 
bining  against  you,  for  they  all  know  that  the  sys¬ 
tem  is  rotten,  and  that  the  people  do  not  get  their 
money’s  worth  in  service.  If  any  other  man  has  fired 
himself  out  of  a  fat  office  we  want  his  name.  There 
are  very  few  “statesmen”  who  do  more  for  their 
country. 

* 

I  have  just  finished  reading  “Hope  Farm  Notes”  on 
page  722.  You  have  stated  our  ease  exactly ;  take  the 
writer’s  word  for  it,  there  is  not  a  suit  of  clothes  in  New 
York  selling  for  $25  or  less  that  has  $6  worth  of  fabric  in 
it.  And  that  $6  has  paid  all  wages,  expenses  and  material 
of  sheep  grower,  wool  dealer,  wool  washer  and  comber, 
worsted  spinners  (ourselves)  and  manufacturers.  The  total 
profit  from  the  wool  grower  to  the  commission  house  in 
New  York  is  under  40  per  cent,  yet  we  are  called  robber 
barons,  oppressors  of  the  poor,  iniquitous  recipients  of  a 
robber  tariff.  My  experience  in  life  has  taught  me  to  for¬ 
mulate  this  economic  law.  There  is  no  proper  relation  or 
proportion  between  the  cost  of  any  ai-ticle  and  its  retail 
selling  price.  f.  y. 

The  above  is  written  by  a  New  England  woolen 
manufacturer.  It  is  everywhere  the  same  story.  The 
great  trouble  with  farming  is  that  the  farmer  gets  on 
an  average  only  35  cents  of  the  consumer’s  dollar. 
We  have  made  that  statement  over  and  over  again, 
and  given  the  figures  to  prove  it.  No  one  has  dis¬ 
proved  the  statement,  because  it  cannot  be  done.  It  is 
this  tax  of  65  per  cent  which  goes  to  the  middlemen 
and  handlers  that  is  robbing  country  people  and  piling 
up  money  in  the  towns  and  cities.  It  seems  evident 
that  Canadian  reciprocity  is  to  become  a  fixture. 
With  it  will  go  the  only  direct  protection  which  the 
tariff  has  ever  given  our  farmers.  It  seems  to  us 
better  to  tell  the  truth  about  this  openly  rather  than 


July  22, 

to  deceive  our  readers.  If  we  can  now  get  together 
and  show  up  this  middleman’s  tax  so  that  the  town 
people  will  understand  it,  we  can  combine  with  them 
to  get  a  fairer  share  of  the  consumer’s  dollar. 

* 

We  like  a  man  with  a  hopeful  view  of  life.  Mr. 
Perkins,  who  gives  us  some  truth  about  Florida,  on 
page  769,  has  a  barrel  of  the  choicest  brand  of  hope. 
He  sees  the  time  when  it  will  be  hard  to  advertise 
fakes  and  frauds  in  the  daily  newspapers.  Well,  sir, 
when  that  time  comes  the  people  of  middle  class 
will  save  enough  money  each  year  to  more  than  pay 
the  interest  on  the  national  debt.  It  is  said  that  at 
least  250,000  people  in  New  York  City  alone  make  a 
far  better  living  than  you  or  I  do  by  selling  worthless 
wind  and  injurious  waste  through  fake  advertisements. 
When  this  dream  which  Mr.  Perkins  hopes  for  be¬ 
comes  real  these  people  will  go  to  work.  We  would 
like  to  have  Uncle  Sam  speed  the  day ! 

* 

New  Jersey  farmers  will  be  interested  in  the  dis¬ 
cussion  of  that  employers’  liability  law  on  page  770. 
The  tendency  of  all  modern  legislation  has  been  to 
make  such  liability  clear  and  well  defined.  In  Europe 
and  England  such  laws  are  further  advanced  than 
here.  It  seems  to  us  that  sooner  or  later  the  law 
will  grow  into  some  form  of  insurance — the  employer 
making  a  small  reduction  from  the  wages  to  be  ap¬ 
plied  in  case  of  accident  or  paid  back  when  the  em¬ 
ployee  stops  work.  It  is  not  fair  that  the  employer 
should  take  all  risk  and  pay  all  damages.  We  have 
known  of  cases  where  a  hired  man’s  carelessness 
resulted  in  injury  and  damage  to  life  and  property, 
yet  the  employer  had  no  redress.  We  could  cite 
hundreds  of  cases  where  farmers  have  cared  for  sick 
or  injured  hired  men  or  their  families  without  any 
thought  of  a  law.  There  will  be  cases,  no  doubt, 
where  this  Jersey  law  may  seem  a  hardship  to  farm¬ 
ers.  As  a  whole,  it  is  a  just  law  and  as  employers 
of  labor  farmers  could  not  expect  to  be  exempt. 

* 

Interest  in  the  culture  of  Hairy  vetch  is  ahead  of 
anything  we  have  known  in  the  discussion  of  cover 
crops.  Crimson  clover  and  cow  peas  were  well  tried 
out.  North  of  Philadelphia  either  one  must  be  ranked 
as  a  gamble.  At  times  they  do  well,  but  they  are 
both  best  suited  to  a  southern  climate.  Vetch  is 
more  promising  for  the  North,  and  many  fields  will 
be  seeded  this  Summer  and  Fall.  All  sorts  of  plants 
have  been  sent  us  by  people  who  think  they  have 
Hairy  vetch.  These  plants  embrace  the  clovers  and 
many  common  weeds.  Much  of  the  seed  which  our 
farmers  will  sow  comes  from  Europe.  The  Govern¬ 
ment  ought  to  send  a  skilled  observer  to  Russia,  Italy, 
Germany  and  France  to  study  the  process  of  saving 
and  handling  seed.  There  is  sure  to  be  a  great  de¬ 
velopment  in  the  use  of  vetch  in  America.  This  will 
give  opportunity  for  some  farmers  to  grow  and  handle 
the  seed.  If  any  of  our  farmers  are  to  go  to  Europe 
this  year  they  could  hardly  do  a  ’'etter  service  than 
to  study  this  vetch  seed  problem  and  report. 

* 

We  have  recently  had  an  unusual  number  of  com¬ 
plaints  about  the  arbitrary  acts  of  New  York  Board 
of  Health  dairy  inspectors.  The  latest  comes  from 
Delaware  County.  Robert  Utter  had  a  fine  herd  of 
cattle  and  a  good  barn  and  milk  house.  When  deliv¬ 
ering  milk  to  the  Bordens  he  was  recorded  as  having 
one  of  the  best  barns  in  that  section.  About  a  month 
ago  an  inspector  “looking  for  trouble”  appeared  and 
ordered  Mr.  Utter  to  whitewash  his  stable.  This  was 
agreed  to,  but  not  done  at  once.  As  a  result  Mr. 
Utter’s  milk  was  rejected.  Feeling  convinced  that 
even  a  “square  deal”  must  be  whitewashed,  Mr.  Utter 
decided  to  sell  his  cows  and  quit  the  milk  business— 
and  has  done  so.  Farmers  in  that  section  have  taken 
an  active  part  in  the  work  of  the  Dairymen’s  League. 

A  part  of  the  work  of  this  League  is  to  agitate 
against  these  arbitrary  rulings  of  the  health  inspec¬ 
tors.  We  are  investigating  this  case,  which  is  like 
many  others  reported  to  us.  Imagine  if  you  can  the 
feelings  of  men  who  are  treated  in  such  a  domineering 
way,  and  at  best  get  only  30  cents  or  the  consumer’s 
dollar ! 


BREVITIES. 

Another  cow  record  is  started  on  page  776.  We  can 
hardly  have  too  much  of  this  exact  figuring. 

Now  is  a  good  time  to  repeat  the  truth  that  few  people 
drink  half  as  much  pure  water  as  they  ought  to. 

Failure  of  the  flax  crop  has  sent  the  experts  hunting  for 
plants  to  produce  paint  oils.  Rubber  seed  oil  is  being 
extracted  for  the  purpose. 

For  years  the  New  Jersey  State .  Horticultural  Society 
has  held  its  annual  meeting  at  the  State  House  at  Trenton. 
The  meeting  was  never  fully  appreciated  at  the  Capital,  and 
the  society  has  wisely  decided  to  hold  the  next  one  at 
Freehold. 


1911. 


THE  RUKAE  NEW-YORKER 


773 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

You  may  remember  that  E.  G.  Lewis  had 
a  number  of  League  workers  or  regents,  as 
he  called  them,  meet  at  University  City  in 
January  last.  This  was  about  the  time 
that  the  Department  of  Justice  and  the 
Post  Office  Department  determined  in  re¬ 
sponse  to  many  complaints  from  country 
people  to  make  an  investigation  of  the 
Lewis  affairs.  It  seems  that  an  inspector 
for  the  Government  called  on  Lewis  during 
this  convention  with  a  view  to  getting  his 
consent  to  the  investigation  so  as  to  avoid 
the  necessity  of  legal  means  and  unneces¬ 
sary  publicity  during  the  investigation. 
Lewis  was  anxious  to  avoid  the  inquiry 
and  it  is  said  he  told  the  inspector  that 
such  an  investigation  or  an  indictment  by 
the  Grand  Jury  would  make  a  martyr  of 
him  again,  as  it  did  six  years  ago,  and 
that  the  women  would  put  up  $2,000,000  to 
defend  him.  To  prove  his  power  over  the 
women,  he  invited  the  inspector  into  the 
convention,  and  introduced  him  as  a  Mr. 
Jamison,  a  noted  sociologist  of  New  York, 
who  was  interested  in  the  League.  Then 
he  proceeded  to  use  his  hypnotic  powers 
on  the  women,  and  soon  had  them  cheering 
himself  and  indorsing  his  schemes  for  the 
purpose  of  impressing  the  inspector  with 
his  power  to  control  them.  The  trick  was 
resented  by  some  of  the  women  who  after¬ 
wards  discovered  the  deception,  and  it 
would  no  doubt  be  resented  by  every  one 
of  them  if  they  could  have  known  the  facts. 
The  incident  is  characteristic  of  Lewis.  He 
would  stake  the  sentiment  of  these  women, 
and  make  an  exhibition  of  it  for  his  own 
personal  purposes.  I  mistake  my  fellow 
women  if  they  would  knowingly  stand  for 

it.  EX-LEAGUER. 

Those  who  have  read  the  Lewis  paper 
for  the  past  several  weeks  will  observe 
that  this  bluff  about  the  devotion  of  the 
women  is  his  one  last  trump  card,  and 
he  is  trying  to  make  a  royal  flush  of 
it.  It  is  true  that  he  fooled  the  women 
• — and  some  men — six  years  ago,  when 
the  old  bank  was  closed,  and  he  posed 
as  a  martyr,  and  induced  them  to  turn 
over  their  interest  in  the  bank  for 

worthless  stock  in  his  publishing  com¬ 
pany  and  equally  worthless  trustee 
notes.  He  may  think  he  can  do  it 

again.  But  he  can’t.  He  did  it  then  by 

making  them  believe  the  stock  and  notes 
were  good,  and  by  promising  his  pri¬ 
vate  fortune  and  sacred  honor  to  pay 
back  dollar  for  dollar.  That  was  six 

years  ago.  The  promises  have  not  been 
kept.  They  never  will  be  kept.  He 
never  intended  to  keep  them. 

Before  that  he  fooled  the  people  on 
the  Fibre  Stopper  stock,  and  on  nearly 
two  dozen  other  fakes.  Since  then  he 
fooled  the  women  on  the  readers’  pool 
scheme  and  on  the  debentures.  Since 
then  he  promised  them  millions  of  en¬ 
dowments  for  a  League  and  now  he 
scolds  any  of  them  who  ask  him  what 
became  of  the  millions  he  got  on  that 
scheme.  He  refuses  to  tell  them  that 
the  League  is  overwhelmingly  in  debt, 
and  that  whatever  it  had  in  chattels  has 
been  mortgaged.  Since  then  he  bought 
land  and  mortgaged  it  to  country  peo¬ 
ple — largely  women — for  five  times  the 
purchase  price.  Not  only  that,  but  the 
mortgage  was  so  drawn  that  the  prop¬ 
erty  could  be  sold  without  turning  the 
proceeds  over  to  the  people  who  held 
the  mortgage  notes.  In  another  case 
the  notes  were  sold  as  first  mortgage 
notes,  and  now  it  turns  out  that  a  first 
mortgage  by  a  life  insurance  company 
stands  ahead  of  them.  In  still  another 
case,  he  sold  secured  notes,  and  when 
he  got  the  money  sent  in  their  stead 
mere  notes  of  hand.  For  10  years  he 
has  been  continually  collecting  money 
from  country  people.  Little  or  none 
of  it  has  been  paid  back.  He  has  estab¬ 
lished  no  business.  The  money  has 
either  been  invested  in  vain  efforts  to 
aggrandize  himself  or  he  has  portions 
of  it  under  cover. 

With  such  a  record  he  yet  has  the 
effrontery  to  pretend  that  he  expects  the 
old  dupes  to  come  forward  with  money 
to  defend  him  against  the  law  which 
seeks  to  protect  them  against  his 
trickery.  He  probably  has  some  cham¬ 
pions  yet  on  the  sucker  list ;  but  the 
old  victims  are  not  likely  to  take  the 
old  bait  again.  For  the  past  several 
weeks  he  has  anticipated  the  action  of 
the  Federal  Grand  Jury,  which  has  been 
looking  into  his  records.  Knowing  these 
records,  he  must  know  the  results. 
Hence  he  has  labored  industriously  to 
make  a  new  martyr  of  himself  in  ad¬ 
vance,  and  predicts  a  railroad  journey 
for  himself  to  the  penitentiary.  Ad¬ 
vices  from  St.  Louis  indicate  that  he  is 
not  likely  to  be  disappointed. 

The  hearing  on  the  general  creditors’ 
bill  will  be  held  this  week.  The  court 
has  asked  for  a  detailed  statement  of 
the  stock  issued  by  the  various  Lewis 
corporations,  the  notes  issued  and  out¬ 
standing  against  each  company,  and  the 
total  indebtedness  of  each,  for  what 
consideration  the  various  stocks  were 
issued,  and  such  a  statement  as  would 
show  the  actual  indebtedness  by  stock 
or  otherwise  of  the  various  companies. 
The  defendants  promised  to  furnish 
this  information,  but  have  so  far  failed 
to  do  so.  Instead  they  have  filed  a  weak 


affidavit  from  John  W.  Williams  which 
practically  admits  the  contentions  of  the 
complaint,  that  the  concerns  are  all  in¬ 
solvent,  including  the  Trust  Co.;  that 
the  various  corporations  were  mere  tools 
of  Lewis,  and  that  they  were  used  for 
fraudulent  purposes.  The  State  Bank¬ 
ing  Department  now  admits  that  bad 
investments  have  made  it  impossible  for 
the  stockholders  of  the  Trust  Company 
to  recover  their  investment.  They  ad¬ 
vertised  that  it  had  a  capital  and  sur¬ 
plus  of  $900,000,  but  now  state  under 
oath  that  it  is  only  $645,126.  This 
Trust  Company  has  assumed  obligations 
in  definite  contracts  with  holders  of 
trustee  notes,  Publishing  Company  stock 
and  other  securities.  It  was  one  of  the 
most  alluring  and  powerful  instruments 
used  by  Lewis  to  defraud  the  people, 
and  the  stockholders  are  to  suffer  a 
loss  on  the  showing  of  the  Missouri 
State  Banking  Department. 

In  the  original  foreclosure  suit  the 
court  has  tied  up  the  property  and 
given  such  stringent  directions  for  turn¬ 
ing  everything  over  to  the  receiver  that 
nothing  more  need  be  feared  for  what 
is  left  of  that  property.  Claims  of  all 
kinds  may  be  sent  to  Claud  D.  Hall, 
705  Olive  street,  St.  Louis.  Mo.  Those 
who  sent  their  claims  to  John  W.  Will¬ 
iams  under  misunderstanding  of  the 
situation  may  also  send  their  claims  to 
Mr.  Hall.  The  court  will  protect  such 
claims,  when  properly  presented. 


LATER. 


E.  G.  Lewis  Indicted  for  Fraud. 

On  July  12  E.  G.  Lewis  was  indicted 
by  a  special  Federal  Grand  Jury  for 
fraudulent  use  of  the  mails.  There  were 
12  counts  in  the  indictment,  charging 
him  with  misrepresentation  with  intent 
to  defraud  in  the  sale  of  unsecured 
notes,  and  in  the  operation  of  the  de¬ 
benture  scheme,  and  in  misrepresenting 
the  conditions  of  the  Lewis  Publishing 
Company  in  selling  stock  in  the  con¬ 
cern.  Lewis  gave  out  a  long  statement 
in  which  he  now  admits  that  notes  were 
unsecured.  He  is  also  reported  as  ad¬ 
mitting  that  the  publishing  company 
stock  is  worthless.  Victims  from  prac¬ 
tically  every  State  were  witnesses  before 
the  Grand  Jury,  and  related  how  they 
had  been  induced  to  part  with  their 
money,  and  of  their  unavailing  attempts 
to  get  it  returned.  We  thought  we  had 
heard  the  worst  from  stories  told  by 
Lewis  victims,  birt  the  most  pitiable 
cases  were  not  revealed  until  these  wit¬ 
nesses  told  of  the  hardships  and  suffer¬ 
ings  endured  through  giving  to  Lewis 
all  they  had.  Of  course,  Lewis  will 
now  claim  that  he  is  being  persecuted. 
Practically  every  crook  rounded  up  by 
the  government  denounces  his  arrest  as 
an  outrage.  Just  remember  Lewis’ 
advertisements  and  arguments  when  he 
was  getting  your  money  and  compare 
them  with  what  he  will  say  now,  and 
you  will  then  get  an  impression  of  his 
original  intent,  if  you  are  not  already 
satisfied  of  his  original  purpose.  It  is 
not  a  question  now  of  what  the  officials 
did  to  him,  but  of  what  he  did  to  the 
people  who  sent  him  their  money. 


DIARY  OF  FARM  WORK. 

A  Woman’s  Connecticut  Farm. 

Thursday,  June  29.— Very  hot  and  dry. 
I  was  up,  as  usual,  at  4.30;  milked  sir 
cows  and  cared  for  the  team.  After  break¬ 
fast  was  over  I  left  the  housework  in 
charge  of  my  15-year-old  daughter,  and 
began  the  work  of  the  day  in  the  field,  cul¬ 
tivating.  One  horse  was  lent  to  a  neighbor, 
who,  in  return  for  the  use  of  the  animal 
this  week,  will  plow  our  buckwheat  land 
for  us  next  week.  One  of  my  boys  rode  the 
horse  that  was  home  to  cultivate.  Father, 
who  is  84  years  old,  spent  part  of  the  day 
in  hoeing  and  the  rest  of  the  day  in  spok¬ 
ing  a  brokendown  wagon  wheel.  We  are 
putting  in  all  the  corn  and  millet  possible 
this  year,  owing  to  the  terrible  drought 
since  the  first  of  June,  and  scarcely  any 
rain  fell  during  May.  Hay  is  a  very  light 
crop ;  old  hay  sells  at  $25  per  ton.  Pros¬ 
pects  are  that  cattle  will  be  very  low  and 
all  kinds  of  fodder  very  high  this  Fall. 
Pastures  are  very  dry;  cows  shrinking  in 
milk.  Soon  everyone  will  have  to  feed 
grain ;  some  are  already  feeding  the  same 
as  in  the  Winter,  in  order  to  keep  up  our 
contracts  with  the  Boston  Milk  Company, 
who  seem  to  think  that  farmers  can  afford 
to  give  them  their  milk,  considering  the 
low  rating  they  are  giving  this  season. 
This  is  a  woman’s  farm,  on  which  I  do  all 
kinds  of  out-of-door  work  with  fair  suc¬ 
cess,  and  while  doing  so  enjoy  excellent 
health  and  a  sense  of  independence  which 
only  comes  through  accomplishing  things. 
Weary,  but  conscious  of  a  profitable  day 
spent  in  the  cornfield,  I  prepared  the  even¬ 
ing  meal,  while  the  young  boys  brought 
home  the  cattle  from  the  bushy  hillside 
pastures  and  assisted  me  in  the  milking; 
then,  when  the  milk  cans  had  been  placed 
in  the  tubs  of  cold  water  for  the  night  to 
cool  for  the  morning  shipment,  I  spent  a 
little  time  with  the  children,  talking  with 
them  of  the  future  and  the  farm.  Thus 
ended  the  day  of  June  29,  1911. 

Connecticut.  susan  j.  howb. 


A  Day  in  Old  Virginia. 

This  is  a  large  place,  and  it  will  be  diffi¬ 
cult  to  give  an  account  of  a  day’s  doings 
without  giving  a  few  general  statements.  The 
farm  consists  of  2,000  acres,  probably  one- 
third  under  cultivation,  the  remainder  in 
timber  and  mountain  pasture.  The  farming 
land  is  a  valley  between  two  mountains. 
The  5,000  apple  trees  are  planted  on  bench 
land,  that  is  land  between  the  meadows  and 
the  steep  hillsides.  A  small  stream  runs 
through  the  valley  and  gives  sufficient  power 
to  run  a  grist  and  sawmill  as  well  as  the 
air  compressor  for  spraying.  We  have  some 
trouble  with  the  water  supply  when  the  sea¬ 
son  is  very  dry.  The  greater  part  of  the 
land  is  worked  by  tenants.  There  are  14 
families  on  the  farm  ;  in  four  of  these  there 
are  41  children.  The-  total  population  is 
110.  We  have  a  chapel  where  we  have 
preaching  service  every  other  Sunday  and 
Sunday  school  every  Sunday  afternoon.  Con¬ 
nected  with  the  chapel  is  a  school  room 
where  we  have  day  school  during  the  Winter 
months.  We  have  17  work  horses  and  mules 
and  three  yoke  of  oxen. 

July  7,  the  day  of  which  we  write,  started 
out  beautifully  clear  and  promised  a  fine  day 
for  work ;  it  was  certainly  a  hot  one.  Two 
men  were  half  a  day  getting  up  the  balance 
of  the  wheat ;  this  is  packed  in  a  barn 
where  it  will  be  thrashed  at  a  more  conven¬ 
ient  season.  The  remainder  of  the  day  these 
men  were  hoeing  tobacco.  One  man  mowing 
all  day.  It  has;  been  a  fine  time  for  getting 
up  hay,  crop  fairly  good  but  cut  short  by 
dry  season.  The  best  of  it  will  make  two 
tons  per  acre  by  actual  weight.  We  have 
up  to  this  time  put  up  39  loads,  and  it  will 
probably  have  a  dozen  more.  We  put  it  in 
with  a  fork,  and  it  seems  that  the  longer  we 
use  our  rope  the  more  it  twists.  One  man 
half  day  working  potatoes  ;  the  crop  is  very 
poor,  blighting  badly,  as  well  as  being  sucked 
by  a  small  fly.  This  pest  has  been  very 
bad  this  season  ;  almost  all  of  the  beans  in 
the  gardens  have  been  ruined  by  it  One 
man  mowing  with  a  blade  around  applo 
trees ;  where  orchards  are  not  cultivated 
every  year  we  have  trouble  with  the  enor¬ 
mous  growth  of  bushes,  especially  sassafras 
and  locust.  If  some  one  would  evolve  a 
breed  of  cattle  that  would  eat  bushes  and 
let  the  apple  trees  alone  it  would  be  a  great 
blessing  to  the  fruit  business  in  this  section. 

One  man  plowing  peas  all  day ;  these 
cow  peas  are  drilled  in  the  orchards  by 
using  a  single-row  corn  planter,  the  rows 
2 y2  feet  apart.  This  is  the  best  way  to 
plant  them  for  seed,  and  they  are  plowed 
several  times,  and  in  this  way  the  trees  are 
cultivated.  We  also  sow  them  thick  in  the 
orchards  with  an  ordinary  grain  drill ;  these 
are  sometimes  cut  for  hay  and  at  others 
hogged  down.  One  man  plowing  corn  and 
two  others  hoeing  out  corn  and  tobacco. 
One  man  mowing  weeds  on  the  edge  of  his 
cornfield  for  half  a  day  and  the  balance  of 
the  day  in  the  hayfield.  One  man  getting 
out  tan  bark ;  we  have  some  bark  peeled 
every  Spring  and  then  at  times  when  the 
men  are  not  so  busy  they  get  it  out  of 
the  mountain  and  haul  it  to  the  station  10 
miles  away,  where  they  get  eight  dollars  per 
cord  for  it.  The  logs  from  which  the  bark 
has  been  peeled  will  be  hauled  to  the  mill 
and  cut  into  fencing  plank  and  other  boards 
for  general  use  on  the  farm.  Two  men 
spraying,  this  is  an  everlasting  job,  we  have 
been  over  the  trees  twice  with  the  lime  and 
sulphur  solution  and  now  we  are  spraying 
with  the  Bordeaux  mixture  against  the  bitter 
rot ;  the  Pippins  are  almost  the  only  variety 
that  have  it,  and  it  will  begin  the  last 
of  this  month  unless  something  is  done  ;  we 
use  the  compressed  air  and  find  it  satis¬ 
factory. 

Everyone  has  been  accounted  for  except 
Uncle  Giles.  He  is  an  old  slave,  but  says 
that  he  “ain’t  no  nigger”  but  that  he  is 
four  thirds  Indian.  His  job  is  to  feed  the 
pigs  and  work  the  garden ;  he  is  always 
talking  to  himself,  and,  indeed,  I  hear  him 
at  this  very  moment,  something  after  nine 
p.  m.  He  is  a  fine  weed  fighter  and  keeps 
the  garden  nice  and  clean.  On  the  Fourth 
everybody  had  a  holiday  and  we  had  a  Sun¬ 
day  school  picnic  on  the  lawn.  There  are 
several  acres  in  the  lawn  and  there  were 
more  than  300  people  on  hand.  A  table  had 
been  put  up  under  some  large  walnut  trees, 
and  this  was  well  supplied  with  mutton, 
shote,  fried  chicken,  besides  cakes,  pies  and 
pickles.  No  one  went  away  hungry.  Under 
a  large  chestnut  tree  three  men  were  kept 
busy  making  lemonade ;  it  seemed  impossible 
to  fill  up  some  of  the  boys.  The  Fourth  is 
always  a  great  day  at  Algoma. 

Franklin  Co.,  Va.  s.  s.  guerrant. 

A  Day  on  a  Michigan  Farm. 

On  July  6  the  family  of  11  were  astir 
soon  after  5  a.  in.  The  breakfast,  a  hurried 
one,  was  principally  coffee  and  cake,  though 
as  a  rule  breakfast  is  the  heaviest  meal. 
The  father,  a  semi-invalid,  looked  after  his 
turkeys,  the  oldest  son,  19  years  old,  went 
to  cultivating  corn  with  one  horse.  Next 
son,  aged  17,  went  to  thin  peaches  (this  is 
a  fruit  farm  in  the  famous  fruit  belt  of 
southwestern  Michigan)  on  a  neighbor’s 
farm  at  17  %  cents  an  hour.  The  next  son, 
16  years  of  age,  went  to  his  regular  work 
in  a  canning  factory,  where  just  now  peas, 
raspberries  and  cherries  are  going  into  cans 
by  the  load.  This  boy  receives  12%  cents 
an  hour,  and  is  working  overtime,  too  much, 
perhaps.  The  mother  for  the  morning  work 
started  a  large  washing  and  picked  string 
beans  for  dinner ;  the  trained  nurse  daugh¬ 
ter,  aged  23,  who  is  at  home,  got  the  dinner. 
After  dinner  the  mother  and  a  daughter  of 
12  went  to  a  neighbor  and  picked  12  quarts 
of  Eureka  black  raspberries,  the  same  child 
having  picked  four  quarts  in  the  morning. 
While  we  were  gone  a  son  of  10,  and  the 
youngest  two,  weeded  some  stock  beets  and 
carrots.  After  a  supper  of  new  potatoes, 
another  kind  of  string  beans  and  some  dew¬ 
berries,  which  one  of  the  little  girls  picked, 
the  mother  went  to  the  Spring-set  straw¬ 
berry  patch  and  weeded  and  hoed  till  too 
dark  to  do  more.  A  daughter  of  14  had  done 
several  jobs  such  as  fall  to  women  and 
girls  that  do  not  show  and  which  have  to 
be  done  every  day.  The  nurse  daughter  had 
made  a  quantity  of  currant  jelly,  using  light 
brown  sugar,  which  was  not  satisfactory, 
making  the  jelly  cloudy,  a  fact  discovered 
by  the  10-year-old  beet  weeder  who  had  made 
some  of  granulated  sugar — just  to  show  a 
boy  can  do  such  things.  The  oldest  boy 
cultivated  the  garden  a  little  after  dinner. 
The  children  have  a  convenient  stream  in 
which  a  dip  in  the  extremely  hot  days  is 
very  pleasant,  and  a  little  puppy  at  the 
barn  is  more  attractive  than  weeding  beets 
or  strawberries. 

Hartford,  Mich.  j.  j.  G. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — Proceedings  were  started 
July  5  in  the  United  States  Court  at  Cin¬ 
cinnati,  O.,  against  the  Big  Four  and  the 
Chicago,  Hamilton  and  Dayton  Railroad 
Companies,  who  are  alleged  to  have  vio¬ 
lated  the  rule  making  16  hours  the  maxi¬ 
mum  day's  work  on  any  railroad  and  street 
car  line.  The  suits  are  brought  by  Dis¬ 
trict  Attorney  Sherman  McPherson  of  the 
Southern  District  of  Ohio.  The  District 
Attorney  says  that  30  trainmen,  engineers 
and  conductors  were  worked  longer  than 
this  period  on  the  division  of  the  Chicago, 
Cincinnati,  Cleveland  and  St.  Louis  be¬ 
tween  Springfield,  0„  and  Moorefield,  O. 
Inasmuch  as  the  fine  for  infractions  of  the 
law  is  $500  for  each  man  the  Government 
brings  suit  against  this  road  for  $15,000. 
Local  officials  of  the  road  say  there  must 
be  some  mistake  and  that  they  have  never 
worked  their  men  longer  than  the  legal 
limit.  Two  sets  of  proceedings  were 
brought  against  the  Chicago,  Hamilton  and 
Dayton  for  almost  the  same  offense.  The 
penalty  of  $2,500  is  asked  from  this  road 
for  working  one  of  its  freight  crews  of  five 
men  from  3.30  o’clock  in  the  morning  until 
9.30  the  next  night.  Another  brief  is  filed 
against  this  road  for  failure  to  observe  the 
safety  appliance  law  on  its  trains. 

An  indictment  was  returned  July  7  by 
the  Federal  Grand  Jury  at  New  York 
against  Archie  L.  Wisner,  Emmet  S.  Wis- 
ner,  John  J.  Meyers,  Charles  F.  Humphrey 
and  A.  L.  Wisner  &  Co.  The  charge  is 
conspiracy  to  use  the  mails  to  defraud  in 
the  sale  of  stock  in  the  United  Tonopah 
and  Goldfield  Mines,  Limited.  The  Wisner 
firm  and  the  Standard  Securities  Company 
have  been  engaged  for  a  long  time  in  invit¬ 
ing  investment  in  such  enterprises  as  the 
Empire  Gold  Mines,  Limited  ;  Murchie  Gold 
Mines  Consolidated,  California  and  New 
York  Oil  Company  and  the  California  Mon¬ 
arch  Oil  Company.  The  Wisners  were  ar¬ 
rested  last  March  in  their  offices  at  225 
Fifth  avenue.  The  post  office  inspectors  at 
that  time  seized  what  they  characterized 
as  the  most  valuable  “sucker  list”  in  exist¬ 
ence.  This  list  is  said  to  have  contained 
100,000  names  of  persons  who  had  bought 
or  might  be  persuaded  to  buy  stocks.  The 
Wisners  were  sent  to  the  Tombs  until  they 
could  raise  $7,000  bail  for  A.  L.  and  $5,000 
for  E.  S.  At  that  time  A.  L.  Wisner  at¬ 
tributed  all  his  troubles  to  the  1907  panic. 
He  said  he  had  been  unable  to  collect  on 
stock  sales  and  was  unable,  as  a  conse¬ 
quence,  to  raise  money  for  development  pur¬ 
poses  or  to  complete  payments  in  properties 
purchased.  He  said  he  had  invested  his 
commissions  in  the  properties  against  which 
the  Government  was  crying  fraud  and  that 
his  family  had  invested  $60,000  more  in 
them.  The  indictment  returned  July  7  con¬ 
tains  eight  counts  and  recites  73  overt  acts. 

Fire  July  9  destroyed  the  stables  of  the 
Arthur  W.  Dixon  Transfer  Company,  Chi¬ 
cago,  burned  263  horses  to  death  and 
caused  $500,000  damage.  The  cause  of  the 
fire  is  unknown.  Three  hundred  and  fifty 
draft  horses,  valued  at  $250  each,  were 
quartered  in  the  four-story  stable  when 
the  fire  broke  out.  Firemen  rescued  nearly 
one  hundred  of  them  before  the  roof  and 
walls  crashed  to  the  basement.  Scores  of 
firemen  narrowly  escaped  death  when  the 
roof  caved  in.  The  stables  were  within 
five  blocks  of  the  downtown  business  quar¬ 
ter.  Fire  the  same  day  destroyed  the  fur¬ 
niture  warehouse  of  W.  C.  Reebie  &  Broth¬ 
ers,  at  Chicago,  causing  $100,000  damage. 
Hot  weather  made  the  work  of  the  fire¬ 
men  doubly  onerous. 

Charles  G.  Gardner,  a  clerk  in  the  post- 
office  at  Bay  Shore,  L.  I.,  and  Lloyd  Harned, 
employed  by  the  Bailey  Lumber  Mills  Com¬ 
pany,  were  held  for  the  federal  grand  jury 
by  Commissioner  Mode,  in  Brooklyn,  July 
5,  on  a  charge  of  using  the  United  States 
mails  for  fraudulent  purposes.  A  few  weeks 
ago,  the  detectives  say,  advertisements  ap¬ 
peared  in  Western  periodicals  offering  for 
sale  a  new  motorcycle  for  $50,  as  the 
owner,  George  Bourne,  of  Bay  Shore,  Long 
Island,  was  about  to  sail  for  Europe.  The 
inspectors  found  that  Harned  had  received 
the  replies  to  the  advertisements,  some  of 
which  contained  money  orders,  and  that 
Gardner  had  cashed  the  checks.  They 
found  also  that  there  was  no  motorcycle  for 
sale  and  that  the  European  trip  was  a 
myth.  The  scheme,  the  inspectors  say, 
realized  the  youthful  promoters  several 
hundred  dollars. 

Denying  the  right  of  the  Wells-Fargo 
Company  to  charge  parcel  rates  on  bulk 
packages,  the  Interstate  Commerce  Com¬ 
mission  .Inly  8  reaffirmed  a  principle  previ¬ 
ously  laid  down  and  ordered  that  after 
September  1  carriers  shall  not  make  the 
ownership  of  property  offered  for  trans¬ 
portation  a  condition  of  the  application  of 
particular  rates.  The  decision  affects  every 
express  company  in  the  United  States.  The 
complainant  was  the  California  Commer¬ 
cial  Association,  which  charged  that  the 
express  company,  in  accepting  boxes  for 
transportation,  asserted  the  right  to  charge 
parcel  rates  if  the  contents  were  destined 
for  different  persons,  although  the  delivery 
was  to  be  made  in  bulk. 

Fire  which  started  in  a  woodyard  at 
Biddeford,  Me.,  July  8,  destroyed  38  build¬ 
ings  and  caused  a  loss  of  $150,000. 

Five  workmen  were  killed  and  two  badly 
hurt  when  a  crane  on  a  steel  viaduct  in 
course  of  erection  by  the  Connellsville  and 
State  Line  Railroad,  the  new  connecting 
line  of  the  New  York  Central,  collapsed 
July  10  at  Meyersdale,  Somerset  county, 
Pa.  The  steel  viaduct,  intended  to  reach 
from  one  hill  to  another,  a  distance  of 
about  2,000  feet,  is  being  constructed  over 
the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  tracks  at  Meyers¬ 
dale.  The  traveller  on  which  the  crane  was 
carried  was  on  the  track  and  a  15-ton  steel 
girder  was  being  placed  in  position  when  a 
part  of  the  machinery,  known  as  the  “stiff 
leg”  broke  and  the  crane  with  its  heavy 
burden  was  precipitated  into  the  gulch  90 
feet  below. 

A  swindler  who  registered  at  Port  Jervis, 
N.  Y„  as  Robert  Edward  Smith  Wood  of 
New  York  City,  after  victimizing  20  per¬ 
sons,  mostly  farmers’  wives,  in  Montague. 
N.  J.,  and  Huguenot,  N.  Y.,  was  arrested 
July  8  at  Port  Jervis  and  taken  to  Cudde- 
backville  before  Justice  Jackson.  He  pleaded 
guilty,  restored  the  money  to  the  Huguenot 
people,  paid  the  costs  and  was  released. 
Wood  offered  to  sell  200  bars  of  toilet 
soap  for  $10.50,  with  a  premium  of  40 
yards  of  Brussels  carpet.  He  delivered 
two  dozen  small  cakes  of  soap  and  was  paid 
on  his  promise  to  send  the  rest  in  a  few 
days. 


774 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKES 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

THE  HOUSE  BY  THE  SIDE  OF  THE 
ROAD. 

lie  was  a  friend  to  man,  and  lived  by  tbe 
eide  of  tbe  road. — Homer. 

There  are  hermit  souls  that  live  withdrawn 
In  the  peace  of  their  self-content ; 

There  are  souls  like  stars  that  dwell  apart, 
In  a  fellowless  firmament; 

There  are  pioneer  souls  that  blaze  their 
paths 

Where  highways  never  ran  ; 

But  let  me  live  by  the  side  of  the  road 
And  be  a  friend  of  man. 

Let  me  live  in  a  house  by  the  side  of  the 


sliced  pulp  of  two  oranges  is  added, 
carefully  peeled  and  freed  from  white 
skin,  and  the  thin  yellow  rind  of  one 
orange  cut  fine.  After  boiling  for  10 
minutes  longer  the  marmalade  is 
bottled.  This  is  much  richer  in  flavor 
than  where  lemon  is  used,  and  we  think 
it  delicious. 

* 

There  are  practical  advantages  in  a 
college  education,  according  to  the  fol¬ 
lowing  anecdote,  printed  in  the  New 
York  Sun: 

“Have  you  any  fresh  Cornell  gradu¬ 
ates  to-day?'’  asked  a  young  housewife 
of  the  proprietor  of  a  butter  and  egg 


road, 

Where  the  race  of  men  go  by — 

The  men  who  are  good  and  the  men  who  are 
bad, 

As  good  and  as  bad  as  I. 

1  would  not  sit  in  the  scorner’s  seat, 

Or  hurl  the  cynic’s  ban — 

Let  me  live  in  a  house  by  the  side  of  the 
road 

And  be  a  friend  to  man. 

I  see  from  my  house  by  the  side  of  the  road, 
By  the  side  of  the  highway  of  life, 

The  men  who  press  with  the  ardor  of  hope, 
The  men  who  are  faint  with  the  strife. 

But  I  turn  not  away  from  their  smiles  nor 
their  tears — 

Both  parts  of  our  infinite  plan; 

Let  me  live  in  the  house  by  the  side  of  the 
road 

And  be  a  friend  of  man. 

I  know  there  are  brook-gladdened  meadows 
ahead, 

And  mountains  of  wearisome  height ; 

That  the  road  passes  on  through  the  long 


store. 

“Yes,  ma’am.  I  just  got  in  seven 
dozen.  Guaranteed  strictly  fresh.” 

The  woman  said  she  would  take  half 
a  dozen  and  the  proprietor  put  six  eggs 
in  a  paper  bag  for  her. 

“We  get  these  eggs  from  graduates 
of  the  agricultural  department  of  Cor¬ 
nell  University,”’  explained  the  store¬ 
keeper  to  a  curious  customer.  “The  fact 
that  the  chicken  farmer  has  had  a  uni¬ 
versity  education  inspires  confidence 
among  housekeepers  and  we  sell  all  of 
those  eggs  we  can  get  at  top  notch 
prices.” 

* 

Peanut  straw  hats  are  very  light  and 
flexible,  especially  suited  for  outing 
wear.  The  fiber  is  coarse,  natural  twine 
color,  woven  in  panama  style,  the  hat 
bound  with  narrow  black  velvet.  They 


afternoon 

And  stretches  away  to  the  night; 

But  still  I  rejoice  when  the  travelers  re¬ 
joice, 

And  weep  with  the  strangers  that  moan, 
Nor  live  in  my  house  by  the  side  of  the 
road 

Like  a  man  who  dwells  alone. 

Let  me  live  in  my  house  by  the  side  of  the 
road, 

Where  the  race  of  men  go  by — 

They  are  good,  they  are  bad,  they  are  weak, 
they  are  strong, 

Wise,  foolish — so  am  I. 

Then  why  should  I  sit  in  the  scorner’s  seat 
Or  hurl  the  cynic’s  ban? 

Let  me  live  in  the  house  by  the  side  of  the 
road 

And  be  a  friend  to  man. 

— Sam  Walter  Foss. 

* 

Here  is  a  little  boy’s  vivid  description 
of  the  first  elephant  he  had  ever  seen: 

“Oh,  pop;  look  at  the  big  cow  with 
her  horns  in  her  mouth,  eating  hay  with 
her  tail !” 


for  decorating  are  now  making  a  fire¬ 
proof”  paper  which  is  chemically  treated 
so  that  when  lighted  it  merely  chars, 
instead  of  blazing  up. 

* 

One  can  imagine  that  a  sheep  dog 
would  find  it  a  difficult  if  not  impos¬ 
sible  task  to  drive  a  pig.  An  English 
writer  tells  how  Rasp,  a  famous  Scottish 
collie,  managed  this.  The  owner  found 
on  his  return  home  one  day  that  the  pig 
had  escaped,  and  sent  the  dog  to  fetch  it. 
So  off  went  Rasp  in  quest  of  what 
proved  one  of  the  most  stubborn  of  the 
members  of  the  bucolic  family  she  ever 
encountered.  Having  been  absent  about 
25  minutes  she  at  last  appeared  with  a 
few  sheep  in  front  of  her.  But  in  the 
center  of  the  sheep  was  the  pig,  experi¬ 
ence  having  taught  her  that  the  little 

rebel  could  not  be  driven  alone. 

* 

We  made  our  rhubarb  marmalade 
this  year  as  follows :  Seven  pounds 
of  rhubarb,  after  wiping  and  removing 
stringy  skin,  was,  cut  into  one-inch 
lengths  and  put  in  a  large  bowl,  and 
seven  pounds  of  granulated  sugar  put 
over  it.  This  was  allowed  to  stand 
over  night,  so  as  to  draw  the  juice. 
In  the  morning  it  was  put  into  the  pre¬ 
serving  kettle,  and  allowed  to  cook 
slowly  for  three  hours,  until  clear  and 
dark.  As  scum  rises  to  the  top  it  must 
be  skimmed  off  carefully,  and  frequent 
stirring  is  needed  to  prevent  catching. 
Ten  minutes  before  it  is  finished  the 


are  quite  inexpensive,  and  are  smart  and 
becoming  when  simply  trimmed  with  a 
silk  scarf  or  velvet  band  and  how. 
Their  lightness  makes  them  very  com¬ 
fortable,  for  so  many  of  the  women’s 
straw  hats  this  Summer  are  extra  heavy. 
Chip  and  plain  straw  mushroom  or 
helmet  shapes,  either  white  or  natural, 
trimmed  with  a  scarf  of  white  or  pale? 
colored  silk,  laid  around  the  crown  in 
folds,  are  offered  as  “shirt  waist  hats.” 
Nothing  could  be  moic  comfortable  or 
attractive  for  a  woman’s  outing  hat  than 
a  nicely  blocked  panama,  but  the  price 
would  be  prohibitive  for  many  of  us. 
We  see  nice  panamas  blocked  into 
women’s  models,  trimmed  with  a  silk 
scarf,  for  $10. 

Sweet  Cucumber  Pickles. 

Could  some  one  tell  me  just  how  the 
bought  cucumber  pickles  are  made,  as  I 
better  than  wbat  we  make, 
little  sweet  and  have  such  a 
When  I  sweeten  them  as  much 
as  I  like  they  shrivel  and  are  no  good. 

A.  K. 

Here  are  two  tested  recipes  for  sweet 
cucumber  pickles:  Let  the  cucumbers 
stand  in  brine  for  three  days ;  drain  off 
the  brine  twice,  heating  it  and  then 
pouring  over  them  again.  Drain ;  put 
in  jar,  and  then  pour  over  them  hot 
vinegar  sweetened  with  two-thirds  cup¬ 
ful  of  sugar  to  the  quart  of  vinegar, 
adding  some  whole  cloves  and  cinna¬ 
mon,  about  one-fourth  ounce  to  the 
quart,  in  a  little  bag.  Put  in  a  little 
alum  to  make  them  brittle. 

Boiled  sweet  pickle  is  highly  recom¬ 
mended,  and  we  think  more  like  the 
bought  ones  than  the  above:  Put  cu¬ 
cumbers  in  cold  weak  brine  {Wz  cup 
salt  to  one  gallon  water)  one  day  and 
night.  Take  out,  dry  on  cloth.  To  one 
gallon  vinegar  add  two  cups  sugar, 
nearly  one  ounce  mixed  spice.  Heat 
these  all  boiling  hot.  Put  in  pickles  and 
let  boil  up  once.  Put  in  cans  imme¬ 
diately  and  pour  the  hot  vinegar  over 
them.  They  are  nice  and  sweet,  and 
will  keep  a  long  time,  till  eaten.  These 
will  not  shrivel  if  you  follow'  directions 
One  gallon  vinegar  will  cover  two  gal¬ 
lons  cucumbers. 

Getting  Rid  of  Ants. — Procure  10 
cents  worth  of  tartar  emetic.  Take 
one-half  teaspoonful  and  same  amount 
of  sugar,  dampen  with  a  few  drops  of 
water,  and  place  where  the  ants  run,  in 
shallow'  dishes,  and  no  ants  can  be 
found  in  24  hours.  For  small  red  ants 
mix  tartar  emetic  with  cream  or  fresh 
butter  or  grease,  and  you  will  see  them 
no  more.  Twice  a  year  is  all  wre  have 
to  use  it  for  the  past  four  years.  When 
we  moved  in  this  house  they  w'ere  in 
every  room,  and  this  has  cleared  them 
out.  N.  D.  M. 


think  them  far 
They  are  a 

The  manufacturers  of  crape  paper-  good  taste. 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  patterns  and  measurements 
desired. 

The  single  cut  shows  a  girl’s  dress 
made  of  embroidered  flouncing.  It  in¬ 
cludes  peasant  sleeves  and  is  cut  to  form 
a  little  square  neck.  In  this  case  em¬ 
broidered  flouncing  is  combined  with 
tucked  muslin,  but  any  bordered  ma¬ 
terial  can  be  used,  with  lace  or  tucking 
or  all-over  material  or  with  plain  ma¬ 
terial  in  combination,  or  the  dress  can 
be  made  of  plain  material  trimmed  to 
give  a  border  effect.  The  dress  con- 


7028  Girl’s  Dress,  8,  10  and  12  years, 
sists  of  blouse  and  skirt.  The  blouse 
is  made  with  front  and  back  portions 
that  are  cut  in  one  with  the  sleeves 
and  with  shoulder  portions  that  are  at¬ 
tached  thereto.  The  skirt  is  straight 
and  gathered.  The  closing  is  made  in- 
visibly  at  the  back.  For  a  girl  of  10 


year  will  be  required  4  yards  of  flounc¬ 
ing  24  inches  wide,  with  -Hi  yard  of 
tucking  18  to  make  as  illustrated,  or 
3j4  yards  of  plain  material  27,  2^4  yards 
36  or  2 yards  44  inches  wide  with 
24  yard  of  tucking  or  other  material  18 
inches  w'ide  for  the  shoulder  portions. 
The  pattern  No.  7028  is  cut  in  sizes  for 
girls  of  8,  10  and  12  years  of  age;  price 
10  cents. 

The  grouped  designs  include  7057, 
three-quarter  or  full  length  coat,  34  to 
44  bust,  with  one-piece  bell  or  two- 
piece  regulation  sleeves,  with  square  or 


July  2X, 

round  collar,  with  or  without  seam  at 
center  back.  7025,  tucked  blouse  for 
misses-  and  small  women,  14,  16  and  18 
years.  7012,  tw'O-flounce  skirt  for  misses 
and  small  women,  14,  16  and  18  years. 
7052,  semi-princesse  gowm  with  turn  or 
four-piece  skirt,  34  to  42  bust,  with 
sailor  collar  that  can  be  made  round  or 
square,  with  low  or  high  shield.  7048, 
child’s  one-piece  dress,  2,  4  and  6  years, 
to  be  closed  under  the  arms  with  but¬ 
tons  and  buttonholes,  or  with  seams. 
6888,  four-pieCe  skirt  for  misses  and 
small  women,  14,  16  and  18  years,  with 
high  or  natural  waist  line ;  price  of  each 
pattern  10  cents. 

Lentil  Recipes. 

Will  some  of  the  housewives  please  give 
me  a  recipe  for  lentil  soup  and  other  ways 
of  cooking  them?  mrs.  s.  w.  j. 

Lentils  are  cooked  in  any  way  con¬ 
sidered  suitable  for  dried  white  beans, 
and  you  can  make  the  soup  just  as  you 
would  with  beans.  Here  is  a  French 
receipe  for  lentil  soup :  Pick  and  wash 
half  a  pint  of  lentils.  Put  in  a  sauce¬ 
pan  with  two  quarts  of  cold  water,  a 

small  carrot,  one  onion,  three  leeks,  a 
little  celery,  half  a  pound  of  salt  pork, 
and  pepper.  Set  on  a  slow  fire,  and 

when  it  boils,  allow  it  to  simmer  for 
four  hours.  Take  the  pork  out  and 

press  the  rest  through  a  colander.  Re¬ 
turn  to  the  fire,  bring  to  a  boil,  and 
serve  with  squares  of  toast.  If  desired 
the  pork  may  be  omitted,  and  replaced 
by  a  piece  of  butter,  the  size  of  an 
egg,  stirred  in  until  melted  just  before 
serving. 

A  puree  of  lentils  to  serve  as  a  vege¬ 
table  is  prepared  as  follows :  Cover 
one  quart  of  lentils  with  warm  water, 
and  let  them  soak  over  night.  In  the 
morning  drain  the  water  off,  and  let 
them  stand  until  three  hours  before 
they  will  be  served.  Then  put  them  in 
a  saucepan  with  enough  water  to  cover, 
one  pound  of  salt  pork,  two  carrots, 
two  onions,  in  which  are  inserted  four 
cloves,  and  a  little  parsley,  thyme, 
chives  and  bay  leaf,  tied  in  a  bundle. 
When  it  boils  draw  back  and  let  it 
simmer  for  three  hours.  Take  out  the 
herbs,  the  onions  and  the  pork.  Drain 
the  water  off,  press  through  a  colander 
and  serve.  If  the  water  evaporates 
while  cooking,  add  more  as  needed. 

Vegetarians  use  lentils  freely,  as  they 
are  highly  nutritious.  Sometimes  the 
puree  described  above  is  put  in  a  bak¬ 
ing  dish,  buttered  crumbs  scattered  over 
the  top,  and  then  baked  brown,  or  chop¬ 
ped  walnuts  are  mixed  through  the 
puree,  which  is  molded  into  an  oval 
shape  and  baked,  being  basted  with 
melted  butter  while  it  browns.  A  sim¬ 
ple  but  savory  recipe  is  to  soak  a 
pint  of  lentils  over  night,  drain,  then 
boil  one  hour ;  draw  off  the  water,  re¬ 
placing  it  with  fresh,  and  boil  one  and 
one-half  hours  longer.  When  the  len¬ 
tils  are  soft  drain  in  a  colander.  Put 
two  tablespoonfuls  of  butter  in  a  frying- 
pan  ;  when  melted  add  the  lentils,  sea¬ 
son  with  salt  and  pepper,  and  stir  over 
the  fire  for  15  minutes,  when  they  are 
ready  to  serve.  This  may  be  varied  by 
mixing  one  cup  of  boiled  rice  with  the 
lentils  after  they  are  drained,  and 
adding  a  chopped  onion  to  the  melted 
butter,  before  putting  in  the  rice  and 
lentils. 

For  lentil  hash,  take  one  pint  of  len¬ 
tils,  boiled  and  drained,  one-half  pint  of 
cold  boiled  potatoes  chopped  fine,  two 
tablespoon fuls  chopped  onion,  salt  and 
pepper  to  taste,  two  tablespoonfuls  but¬ 
ter,  one  half  cup  milk.  Cook  slowly 
for  an  hour  in  a  frying  pan,  then  brown 
and  turn.  Lentils  are  also  boiled  and 
then  made  into  croquettes,  dipped  in 
egg  and  bread  crumbs,  and  fried.  They 
are  not  largely  used  in  this  country, 
except  among  foreigners,  but  are  so 
nutritious  that  they  take  the  place  of 
meat  in  many  dietaries,  and  should  be 
much  more  largely  used. 


1911. 


VHE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


776 


Ranch  Life  in  Wyoming. 

Much  has  been  written  of  the  isolation 
of  the  farmer  and  his  family.  I  have 
heard  many  of  them  laugh  at  the  idea, 
A  very  few  there  are  no  doubt  whose 
conditions  are  as  represented,  but  from 
my  observations  in  the  Western  States 
they  are  seldom  met  with.  It  is  the 
fault  of  parents  many  times  that  the 
children  are  not  satisfied  at  home.  One 
case  I  have  in  mind  where  a  good  dea¬ 
con  kept  his  three  girls  so  closely  at 
home,  allowing  them  no  company  of 
young  men  if  he  knew  it,  but  they  went 
when  papa  was  not  home,  or  on  the  sly. 
Finally  each  one  ran  away  and  was 
married.  The  lesson  was  very  clear. 
Why  and  who  was  to  blame? 

Farm  life  and  ranch  life  are  very  dif¬ 
ferent.  A  rancher’s  wife  has  a  few 
weeks  when  work  is  plenty.  If  it  is  a 
hay  farm  it  is  cutting  and  getting  the 
hay  in  stack,  employing  several  men  and 
teams.  In  southwest  Wyoming  where 
we  are  located  there  are  thousands  of 
acres  of  Alfalfa,  Timothy  and  wild 
grasses,  mostly  under  irrigation.  Where 
cattle  and  sheep  are  kept  there  is  some 
help  needed.  The  pastures  are  mostly 
under  fence,  but  when  the  sheep  run  in 
the  mountains  they  have  to  be  looked 
after  occasionally.  The  conditions  are 
ideal  for  these  cattle  and  sheep  ranches. 
Indoors  you  will  usually  find  a  tele¬ 
phone,  and  although  neighbors  are  far 
between  yet  the  telephone  brings  a  chat 
each  day  perhaps  from  all  of  them. 
There  is  no  daily  paper  because  the  post 
office  is  too  far  away  in  many  cases: 
as  in  our  own,  being  seven  miles  from 
the  nearest  town.  Schools  there  are, 
none  nearer  than  the  town,  and  where 
there  are  children  makes  it  bad,  but  if 
one  has  the  disposition  and  time  much 
can  be  taught  in  the  home.  Nature’s 
lesson  book  is  something  wonderful  in 
this  country  if  one  will  only  scan  its 
pages.  The  farmer’s  wife  in  the  wheat 
and  corn  belt  has  no  let-up  with  work 
until  Winter  months  set  in ;  even  then 
late  husking  of  corn  or  shelling  keeps 
extra  men  oftentimes,  but  it  is  a  rare 
case  if  the  “women  folks”  do  not  have 
their  driving  horse  and  buggy  to  go 
where  they  see  fit.  In  Nebraska,  where 
we  lived  some  years,  the  town  and 
country  women  united  in  what  they 
called  the  “Country  Club,”  and  they 
had  a  large  membership.  They  went  in 
the  forenoon  and  spent  the  day  until  5 
p.  m.  In  every  case  there  was  work  to 
do.  If  a  woman  had  quilts  or  comforts 
to  make,  quilt  or  tie,  carpet  rags  to  sew; 
anything  in  that  line,  they  did  it,  with 
no  charge  save  the  good  dinner  they 
were  sure  to  get,  a  secretary  being  the 
only  officer.  Such  jolly  times  they  al¬ 
ways  had.  Sometimes  it  would  be  sev¬ 
eral  miles  in  the  country,  but  no  mat¬ 
ter,  they  got  there,  often  taking  small 
children  and  babies  with  them.  An¬ 
other  club  in  town  was  the  “Tea  Club,” 
more  exclusive,  but  imparting  an  in¬ 
fluence  that  was  refining  and  good  in 
many  ways.  Some  book  was  read  and 
discussed,  or  topics  of  the  times  made 
the  hour  pass  very  pleasantly  until  tea 
was  served. 

The  rancher’s  family  are  differently 
situated  many  times,  I  can  judge  from 
the  short  time  I  have  been  here,  but 
it  could  be  made  an  ideal  life,  it  seems 
to  me,  if  rightly  understood  and  carried 
out  You  do  not  have  to  be  a  slave  to 
society,  can  have  a  mind  of  your  own 
(women  can  vote  in  this  State).  Many 
of  the  older  ranch  buildings  are  built 
of  logs,  but  are  roomy  and  comfortable. 
Those  coming  in  from  the  Eastern 
States  (of  which  there  are  many) 
build  of  cement  blocks  or  frame  houses. 
In  coming  here  over  the  Union  Pacific 
I  saw  miles  and  miles  of  rocks  and 
sage  brush,  looking  as  if  nothing  could 
ever  grow  on  the  barren  soil,  when  a 
.  big  ditch  came  in  view,  and  up  on  the 


higher  land  amid  the  sage  brush  was  a 
big  sign,  “Watch  our  crops  grow.”  Yes, 
there  was  the  key  that  opened  the  store¬ 
house,  the  water  in  the  great  ditches. 
Soon  tents  were  seen  where  people  lived 
until  they  could  build  a  shanty ;  horses, 
mules,  cows,  chickens  and  people  were 
all  in  sight,  full  of  life  and  enthusiasm, 
starting  the  new  home;  hopes  all  cen¬ 
tered  on  the  big  ditch  that  would  not 
fail  them.  Wonderful  is  irrigation. 

MRS.  F.  C.  JOHNSON. 


Baked  Ben  Davis. 

I  was  amused  in  reading  Walt 
Mason’s  opinion  of  the  Ben  Davis  apple, 
on  page  464.  I  know  how  to  sympathize 
with  one  who  expects  to  find  it  as  good 
an  apple  to  eat  as  it  looks  from  the  out¬ 
side.  It  is  like  some  people  we  meet 
once  in  a  great  while ;  they  look  well, 
but  don’t  prove  as  well  when  we  come 
to  know  them.  However,  we  must  re¬ 
member  there  is  “much  good  even  in  the 
meanest  of  mankind,”  if  we  only  know 
how  to  find  it.  So  I  have  proved  by  the 
Ben  Davis  apple,  after  trying  many  dif¬ 
ferent  ways  to  cook  it,  as  it  is  not  good 
unless  cooked.  If  you  try  my  plan  I 
promise  you  will  not  say  it  “tastes  like 
a  mattress.”  Ben  Davis  apple  is  a  good 
keeper  (not  altogether  for  the  reason 
that  no  one  will  eat  it)  and  is  the  best 
for  cooking  in  the  Spring  or  late  Win¬ 
ter.  I  have  a  roasting  pan  which  has  a 
close-fitting  cover,  what  is  termed  a 
“self-basting  pan.”  The  bottom  does 
not  set  flat  on  the  oven,  but  is  raised 
so  nothing  burns.  I  select  sound  Ben 
Davis  apples,  wash  well,  cut  out  blow 
ends,  or  one  can  remove  the  core  if  de¬ 
sired.  I  do  not,  as  I  don’t  think  they 
are  enough  better  to  pay  for  the  trouble. 
I  fill  the  baker,  which  holds  about  three 
dozen  medium  apples,  sprinkle  two  cups 
of  granulated  sugar  over  them,  and  add 
about  one  pint  of  boiling  water;  cover 
over  tightly,  and  bake  three  or  four 
hours  with  not  too  hot  a  fire.  I  do  not 
remove  cover  until  I  think  them  nearly 
done.  They  will  be  a  nice  clear  color, 
and  juice  should  be  like  a  rather  thin 
syrup.  Let  them  remain  in  the  pan  un¬ 
til  cold  and  they  will  absorb  most  of 
the  juice;  then  see  if  you  do  not  pro¬ 
nounce  them  fine.  If  you  have  not  a 
baker,  they  may  be  boiled  in  a  deep 
granite  stew  kettle  on  top  of  stove,  but 
must  be  watched  and  turned  over,  also 
will  need  water  added  as  they  boil  dry. 
Never  try  to  cook  unless  covered  so  to 
steam,  and  cook  slowly  for  a  long  time 
or  they  will  be  a  failure.  Try  them  be¬ 
fore  you  condemn  Mr.  Ben  Davis. 

R.  M. 


Four  Good  Recipes. 

Very  likely  many  housekeepers  like 
myself  often  see  the  necessity  of  pro¬ 
viding  wholesome  meals  for  their  family 
at  little  expense.  It  is  very  fortunate 
that  the  most  nourishing  food  is  not  of 
necessity  highest  priced,  and  .especially 
is  it  true  that  those  living  on  farms  may 
prepare  many  a  good  meal  representing 
but  little  money  value.  The  following 
dish  is  one  of  the  most  nourishing  and 
economical.  It  is  properly  speaking  a 
stew,  but  is  served  like  soup  and  eaten 
with  crackers  or  bread:  Mince  fine  a 
small  piece  of  salt  pork  and  two  medium¬ 
sized  onions.  Place  in  kettle  to  fry 
slightly  and  brown,  while  preparing  the 
other  vegetables.  Make  ready  six 
medium-sized  potatoes,  one  carrot  and 
a  bit  of  cabbage.  Chop  these  vegetables 
fine,  add  the  pork  and  onions  and  suffi¬ 
cient  water  to  cook.  Season  with  salt 
and  pepper.  It  should  be  served  as  soon 
as  the  vegetables  are  done,  for  all  the 
ingredients  are  to  be  eaten,  and  the 
goodness  doesn’t  want  to  be  cooked  out. 
The  tiny  bits  do  not  take  long  to  cook, 
and  the  amber  colored  clear  soup  with 
the  bits  of  vegetables  make  an  attractive 
looking  dish.  Beef  may  be  used  instead 
of  pork,  but  in  that  case  the  onion  should 


not  be  friedi.  Celery  salt  or  dried 
powdered  celery  leaves  may  be  added. 
Just  before  serving,  either  cream  or 
tomatoes  may  be  heated  in  if  desired. 
Rice  or  other  vegetables  than  those  men¬ 
tioned  are  often  used.  The  recipe  is  an 
old  stand-by,  capable  of  many  variations. 

Sister  L.  said  she  did  not  care  for 
gingerbread  and  apple  sauce.  They  were 
served  so  often  at  the  hospital  where  she 
was  one  of  the  nurses  that  she  had  tired 
of  them.  However,  I  had  made  my 
plans  for  supper,  and  it  was  too  late  to 
change  them.  The  apple  sauce  was  not 
made  in  quite  the  usual  way.  Whole 
Snow  or  Fameuse  apples,  fair  and  fresh 
from  the  orchard,  were  boiled  whole,  the 
syrup  in  which  they  were  cooked  allowed 
to  thicken  as  soon  as  the  apples  were 
done.  They  did  not  keep  their  form 
perfectly  as  sweet  apples  do,  but  made 
a  nice-looking  dish  served  with  the  red 
jelly-like  syrup  around  them.  If  you  are 
unfamiliar  with  this  dish,  of  apples  boiled 
in  their  jackets,  it  is  worth  a  trial. 
Sweet  apples  are  especially  fine  this 
way,  and  a  pinch  of  cinnamon  cooked  in 
the  syrup  adds  to  their  flavor.  The 
syrup  may  be  made  very  thick  and  the 
apples  served  with  cream. 

The  gingerbread  is  another  economical 
recipe  made  by  the  following  formula : 
One  cup  molasses,  one-half  cup  sugar, 
one  cup  hot  water,  one  teaspoon  soda 
dissolved  in  the  hot  water;  butter  the 
size  of  an  egg;  one  tablespoon  cinnamon, 
one  teaspoon  ginger,  2)4  cups  flour 
(scant  measure).  Raisins  may  be  added. 
The  sugar  may  be  omitted  if  the  mo¬ 
lasses  is  very  sweet  and  good. 

I  think  an  icing  made  of  creamy  milk 
and  sugar  improves  this  plain  little  cake, 
and  always  use  the  following  formula : 
One  cupful  sugar,  one  teaspoon  corn¬ 
starch,  five  tablespoons  creamy  milk. 
Boil  five  minutes  and  stir  until  smooth 
and  creamy,  adding  flavoring.  Spread 
on  the  warm  cake  as  soon  as  the  icing 
thickens.  Perhaps  it  was  the  country  air 
that  gave  Sister  L.  a  fine  appetite  for 
the  good  farm  supper.  At  any  rate  she 
did  ample  justice  to  it,  especially  the 
gingerbread  and  apple  sauce,  and  de¬ 
clared  she  would  never  say  again  that 
she  did  not  care  for  those  articles 
food. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
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SHIRTWAISTS  of  QUALITY 

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Free  Patent  Hook,  Selling  Guide  and 
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When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

A  SPOON  SHAKER 

Straight  From  Coffeedom. 


Coffee  can  marshall  a  good  squadron 
of  enemies  and  some  very  hard  ones  to 
overcome.  A  lady  in  Florida  writes : 

“I  have  always  been  very  fond  of 
good  coffee,  and  for  years  drank  it  at 
least  three  times  a  day.  At  last,  how¬ 
ever,  I  found  that  it  was  injuring  me. 

“I  became  bilious,  subject  to  frequent 
and  violent  headaches,  and  so  very 
nervous,  that  I  could  not  lift  a  spoon 
to  my  mouth  without  spilling  a  part  of 
its  contents. 

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fast  and  so  hard  that  I  could  scarcely 
breathe,  while  my  skin  got  thick  and 
dingy,  with  yellow  blotches  on  my  face, 
caused  by  the  condition  of  my  liver  and 
blood. 

“I  made  up  my  mind  that  all  these 
afflictions  came  from  the  coffee,  and  1 
determined  to  experiment  and  see. 

“So  I  quit  coffee  and  got  a  package  of 
Postum  which  furnished  my  hot  morn¬ 
ing  beverage.  After  a  little  time  I  was 
rewarded  by  a  complete  restoration  of 
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sired,  my  heart  beats  regularly  and  my 
complexion  has  cleared  up  beautifully — 
the  blotches  have  been  wiped  out  and  it 
is  such  a  pleasure  to  be  well  again.” 
Name  given  by  Postum  Co.,  Battle 
Creek,  Mich. 

Read  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs.  “There’s  a  reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new  one 
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bpiiii  a  ”,  kills  Prairie  Dogs, 

Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
and  Grain  Insects. 
“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
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^ith  “ Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide”.,™  doing 

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776 


THE  KURAb  IS  K  W -YORKER 


July  22, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

TWO  CHAUTAUQUA  COUNTY  COWS. 

The  following  table  will  show  what 
our  two  Jersey  cows,  half  sisters,  elig¬ 
ible  to  register,  10  and  seven  years  old, 
are  doing.  Branch,  the  oldest,  fresh¬ 
ened  June  15;  began  weighing  milk 
June  18.  Matilda  freshened  June  21 ; 
began  weighing  milk  June  24.  In  figur¬ 
ing  the  cost  of  production,  pasture  is 
estimated  at  25  cents  per  week  per  cow. 
If  I  figure  the  milk  at  $4  per  hundred, 
as  the  Hope  Farm  man  does,  and  I 
think  our  milk  is  fully  as  good  as  his, 
these  two  cows  made  a  net  profit  in  15 
days  of  $25.61,  which  beats  any  hen 
story  I  have  read  to  date.  But  the 

cheese  factory  is  at  present  paying  80 
cents  a  hundred,  and  one  man  who  ships 
his  milk  from  here  to  Buffalo  is  getting 
cents  a  gallon.  As  to  the  butter 
made,  I  have  not  yet  begun  to  keep  ac¬ 
count  of  it.  We  are  still  feeding  the 
two  calves  whole  milk,  and  our  family 
of  six,  which  has  never  been  weaned, 
manages  to  get  away  with  six  quarts  a 
day.  I  wonder  how  many  families  in 
the  city  use  milk  at  that  rate?  I  have, 
not  Babcock-tested  any  milk  yet,  be¬ 
cause  1  did  not  have  any  acid,  but  I- will 
test  it  in  July  and  every  month  there¬ 
after  for  a  year.  Poor  fences  and  a 
mongrel  bull  in  a  neighbor’s  pasture  ac¬ 
count  for  the  low  valuation  of  the 
calves.  I  hoped  for  a  couple  of  pure¬ 
bred  heifer  calves  that  I  could  value  at 
$20  or  $25  each,  but  such  are  the  disap¬ 
pointments  of  a  cattle  breeder: 


Branch — 

Calf  .  $2.00 

13  days’  milk,  343  pounds,  at 

80  cents  .  2.75 

Daily  average  20  lbs.,  10  oz. 

Matilda — 

Calf  .  2.00 

7  days’  milk,  228%  pounds,  at 

80  cents  .  1.83 

- $8.58 

Cost — 

Daily  average,  32  lbs.,  10  oz. 

Pasture  .  $0.75 

Interest,  $200,  15  days .  50 

-  1.25 

11  days’  net  profit .  $7.33 


Cost  of  production  per  hundred,  21  cents. 

It  will  be  seen  that  these  cows  are  at 
present  producing  milk  for  less  than 
one-fourth  of  what  the  Hope  Farm 
man’s  cow  does,  and  if  the  product  was 
valued  the  same  those  white  hens  of 
Mr.  Dougan’s  would  have  to  take  a  back 
seat  in  a  hurry.  Of  course  later  in 
the  season  the  cost  of  production  will 
increase,  but  so  will  the  value  of  the 
product,  so  I  think  these  cows  will  hold 
their  own  for  a  year.  c.  c.  clement. 

Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y. 


MILK. 

The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.51 
per  40-quart  can.  netting  three  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


THOSE  $45  DAIRY  COWS. 

[You  will  remember  the  remarks  on  page 
724  about  Senator  Martine  of  New  Jersey 
and  his  $45  cows.  We  wanted  to  know 
where  they  can  be  found.  A  reader  at 
Horseheads,  N.  Y.,  has  this  to  offer  about 
cows  in  his  section  :] 

Our  grandfathers  were  in  the  habit  of 
raising  a  bull  from  one  of  their  best  cows 
to  head  their  herd.  This  practice  is  still 
followed  by  the  majority  of  the  farmers  of 
to-day.  They  claim  that  a  purebred  bull 
costs  more  money  than  they  can  afford  to 
pay.  Personally  1  would  rather  buy  a  pure¬ 
bred  calf  at  the  price  he  would  bring  for 
beef  as  a  four-year-old  than  to  buy  a  grade 
for  $1,  but  I  don’t  have  to  pay  any  such 
prices  for  purebreds.  I  bought  a  purebred 
Holstein  calf  this  Spring  for  $15,  and  he 
is  a  good  one,  too.  Ilis  only  fault  is  he 
has  more  black  than  white.  The  cows 
that  I  call  common  stock  are  the  kind  that 
our  grandfathers  raised,  no  particular  breed. 
Since  I  settled  here  I  have  bought  cows 
with  Jersey,  Guernsey,  Holstein  and  Red 
Polled  blood  in  them,  but  I  cannot  buy  a 
well-marked,  high-grade  Holstein  for  less 
than  $90,  and  some  would  cost  $120.  How¬ 
ever,  I  can  buy  cows  that  will  make  as 
much  butter  as  the  grade  Holsteins  for 
$50  or  less.  I  have  common  cows  in  my 
herd  that  will  give  50  pounds  of  milk  per 
day  when  fresh  on  grass  alone.  Some 
cows  give  richer  milk  than  others,  and  as 


I  make  butter  (I  won  first  prize  on  a 
pail  of  dairy  butter  at  the  Chemung  Co. 
fair  last  Fall)  I  don't  judge  a  cow  en¬ 
tirely  on  the  number  of  pounds  of  milk 
she  gives.  As  nearly  as  I  can  learn  the 
majority  of  cows  give  from  30  to  50  pounds 
per  day  when  fresh.  Very  few  are  tuber¬ 
culin  tested.  Our  farmers’  institute  speak¬ 
ers  tell  us  that  one-third  of  the  cows  in 
New  York  State  do  not  pay  their  keep. 
I  suppose  they  know  what  they  are  talk¬ 
ing  about.  I  suppose  the  Senator  you 
quoted  had  what  I  call  common  stock  in 
mind  when  he  made  his  speech.  Perhaps 
1  should  have  called  them  scrub  cows, 
but  as  many  of  them  will  compare  favor¬ 
ably  with  purebreds  as  milk  and  butter 
producers,  1  don't  feel  like  calling  them 
scrubs.  L.  N.  s. 

Horseheads,  N.  Y. 


THE  MASSACHUSETTS  MILK  SITUATION. 

The  milk  situation  in  Massachusetts  does 
not  seem  to  improve,  and  we  see  no  hope  of 
improvement  in  the  near  future.  More 
dairies  stopped  sending  to  Boston  July  1, 
and  turned  their  milk  into  other  channels, 
or  make  it  into  butter  or  cream  at  home. 
The  advance  of  two  cents  a  can  granted  by 
some  contractors  did  not  seem  enough  in¬ 
ducement  for  these  people  to  continue  ship¬ 
ping  their  milk  to  the  city.  The  receipts  of 
milk  in  Boston  have  fallen  off  about  25  per 
cent,  from  last  year  for  the  months  of 
April,  May  and  June,  and  we  expect  may 
fall  off  more  in  the  next  few  months  un¬ 
less  better  inducements,  chiefly  in  regard  to 
prices,  are  offered. 

The  indictment  of  Secretary  Hunter,  of 
the  B.  C.  M.  P.  Co.  has  acted  as  a  wet 
blanket  on  the  farmers,  and  they  do  not 
show  much  inclination  to  fight  for  a  proper 
price,  hut  rather  to  take  things  as  they 
come,  or  go  out  of  business,  and  some  are 
offering  their  property  for  sale,  and  will  let 
some  one  else  get  rich  at  the  business  if 
they  can. 

On  the  30th  of  June  I  called  on  the  con¬ 
tractor  who  buys  most  of  the  milk  in  this 
section  which  goes  to  Boston,  and  had  a 
long  talk  about  the  situation.  He  stated, 
among  other  things,  that  the  condition  of 
the  milk  market  is  still  unstable  and  unsat¬ 
isfactory.  Other  contractors  are  paying  in 
some  cases  five  to  seven  cents  less  a  can 
than  he  is,  and  trying  to  place  this  same 
milk  in  his  territory,  and  he  has  to  meet 
them  or  lose  trade.  His  policy  has  always 
been  to  keep  any  surplus  he  may  have  at 
certain  seasons  off  the  market  and  use  it  in 
other  ways.  He  says  others,  including 
small  peddlers,  have  put  their  surplus  on 
the  market,  and  he  has  been  forced  to  do 
the  same.  He  stated  the  situation  at  pres¬ 
ent  looked  ba'd  for  the  farmers,  as  grain 
feed  is  advancing  in  price  and  the  Saun¬ 
ders  law  will  continue  for  another  year, 
which  means  a  five-cent  charge  instead  of 
about  three,  which  was  the  former  cost 
over  the  B.  &  A.  R.  R.  per  8% -quart  can. 

Peddlers  who  buy  milk  close  to  the  city 
or  within  teaming  distance,  are  paying  35 
cents  per  8% -quart  can  delivered,  and  some 
are  paying  the  delivery  cost  above  this,  but 
as  far  as  I  can  learn  not  many  are  doing 
this.  The  C.  Brigham  Company  are  pay¬ 
ing  for  July  28  cents  at  the  car,  which 
means  33  cents  at  Boston.  The  transpor¬ 
tation  charge  by  the  railroad  of  five  cents 
per  8% -quart  can  is  too  much  ;  they  should 
be  forced  to  reduce  the  same  to  at  least  3% 
cents,  which  would  then  leave  a  fair  profit, 
we  believe.  There  is  no  reason  why  the 
law  should  not  let  a  contractor  have  a 
car  if  his  business  needs  it,  and  at  the 
same  time  in  some  way  provide  means  for 
any  independent  or  small  dealer  to  get  his 
milk  into  Boston  at  a  reasonable  cost.  One 
party  should  have  comparatively  an  equal 
chance  to  do  business  as  the  other.  Alto¬ 
gether  too  much  is  laid  at  the  door  of  the 
farmer  which  he  does  not  deserve.  In  some 
few  cases  he  needs  a  sharp  reprimand,  but 
in  most  cases  he  gets  much  more  of  this 
than  he  deserves.  If  we  would  only  work 
together  politically,  financially  and  morally 
we  could  change  things  a  whole  lot,  and 
until  we  do  work  together,  instead  of  trying 
to  pull  each  other  down,  things  will  not  im¬ 
prove  very  much.  Anything  that  is  worth 
having  is  worth  making  a  fight  for,  and 
that  which  costs  nothing  is  sometimes 
worth  just  that.  Our  contractor  also  said 
that  the  farmer  and  contractor  must  work 
together  as  far  as  possible  to  get  results, 
and  until  they  do  things  will  not  improve. 
I  believe  this  to  be  true,  and  I  think  others 
do  also.  Each  party  has  rights  which  must 
be  respected  by  the  other,  and  the  sooner 
this  is  understood  the  sooner  the  situation 
will  become  satisfactory  all  round.  Just  as 
soon  as  we  learn  that  we  must  do  things 
ourselves  and  not  wait  for  some  one  else 
to  move  first,  we  shall  accomplish  most 
anything  we  try  for,  but  as  long  as  we 
wait  for  some  one  else  to  do  it  for  us  we 
get  the  same  as  we  got  in  the  past — just 
left.  a.  e.  p. 

Massachusetts. 


We  have  a  milk  station  at  Edison  which 
pays  $1  per  100  pounds  for  June,  and  ex¬ 
pect  a  raise  July  1.  At  Adams,  four  miles 
south,  is  the  Rosemary  Creamery  Company. 
They  pay  94  cents,  and  east  of  us  is  the 
Rodman  Cheese  Factory.  They  sold  cheese 
July  1  for  11%  cents,  so  you  see  all  who 
take  their  milk  to  Edison  are  getting  two 
cents  per  quart,  but  it  costs  more  to  pro¬ 
duce  milk  than  we  get  at  present.  I  am 
feeding  my  cows  as  heavily  of  silage  as  I 
did  in  the  Winter,  and  will  have  to  feed 
grain  before  many  days.  e.  a.  c. 

Jeff  Co.,  N.  1T. 


Mr.  Millesdine.  inspector  for  the  Board 
of  Health  of  New  York  City,  made  his 
second  visit  for  this  year  a  few  days  since. 
Several  farmers  were  ordered  to  whitewash 
their  stables  within  10  days,  and  notify 
him,  and  he  would  make  another  inspec¬ 
tion  ;  otherwise,  their  milk  would  be  re¬ 
jected  for  shipment  to  New  York.  Some 
stables  that  had  been  whitewashed  were 
not  satisfactory  to  him,  and  the  owners 
were  notified  as  above.  No  fault  has  been 
found  with  the  milk  at  the  local  shipping 
station,  and  no  samples  have  been  taken, 
or  tests  made,  except  by  a  State  inspector 
with  lactometer.  I  have  $5  ready  to  help 
Mr.  Bellows  carry  on  his  suit.  n.  c.  p. 

Yerona,  N.  Y. 


THESE  FARMERS 
Say 

SHARPLES 

Tubular  Cream  Separators 
Cost  Least  To  Use 

“Have  used  Tubular  over  nine  years.  Only  5c 
lor  repairs.”— Perry  Faringer,  Mill  Hall,  Pa. 

“Have  used  Tubular  nine  years.  No  cost  lor 
repairs.”— A.  C.  Porter,  Loogootee,  Ind. 

“Tubular  has  cost  titty  cents  lor  repairs  in  nine 
years.”— John  E.  Taylor,  Orion,  Mich. 

“Have  nsed  Tubular  six  years.  Repairs  only 
ten  cents.  Still  using  original  quart  ol  oil.”— 
A.  K.  Weirner,  Smithville,  O. 

A  regular  hand-driven 
Dairy  Tubular  has  done 
work  equal  to  100  years’ 
service  in  a  five  to  eight 
cow  dairy  on  only  one 
dollar  and  fifteen  cents  for 
oil  and  repairs.  We  will 
mail  you,  free,  the  illustrat¬ 
ed  account  of  this 
-  _  remarkable  rec- 

giving  alldetails  and  con¬ 
taining  pictures  showing  how 
the  parts  of  the  Tubular  re¬ 
sisted  wear. 

Dairy  Tubulars  have  'no 
disks.  Twice  the  skimming 
force  of  others.  Skim 
faster  and  twice  as  clean. 
You  will  finally  have  a 
Tubular— so  try  The 
World’s  Best  now,  with¬ 
out  expense  to  yourself. 
Other  separators  taken  in 
exchange 
for  Tubu¬ 
lars.  Write 
for  catalog 
No.  153 


30 

Ifr-s 


THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO., 

WEST  CHESTER,  PA. 

Chicago,  Ill.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Portland,  Ore. 
Toronto,  Call.  Winnipeg,  Can. 


ilk  Fever  Outfits. 

DKIIOKNERS,  Teat  Syphons,  Slitters, 

Dilators,  etc.  Received  only  award 
World’s  Fairs  Chicago  and  St.  Louis. 

Write  for  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

HAUSSMANN  &  DUNN  CO. 

708  South  Clark  Street,  Chicago,  Ill. 

NEWTON’S  HEAVE 


COUCH,  DISTEMPER  I  E>  C* 

AND  INDIGESTION  V/URE 

The  Standard  Veterinary  Remedy. 


« 

w 


Makes  the  horse  sound,  stay  sound 

DEATH  TO  HEAVES 

The  Hrst  or  second  $1.00  can  cures  Heaves.  The  third 
can  is  guaranteed  to  cure  or  money  refunded. 
$1.00  per  can  at  dealers,  or  express  prepaid. 

THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


MINERAL. 
HEAVE 
REMEDY 


GLECT 
II  Ruiir 
urHorse 

id  today  for 
only 


SAFE 

RTAIN 


$3  PACKAGE 

will  cure  any  case  or 
money  refunded. 

$1  package 

cures  ordinary  cases. 
Postpaid  on  receipt  of  price.) 
Agents  Wanted 

Write  for  descriptive 
booklet 


:ral  Heave  Remedy  Co., 461  Fourth  A  venue, Pittsburg, Pa. 


cravin' 


r 


—or  that  Curb,  Splint,  Ringbone 
or  other  lameness  with  Kenilal  l’s 
SpavinCure.  Mr.  Montgomery  - 
Sheppard  of  Richtleld,  N.  J. 
writes  this  about 

Kendall’s  SEZ“'" 

«‘I  have  been  using  your  Spavin  Curo  and 
have  found  it  a  aure  oure  for  Spavins, 
Splints,  Ringbone,  Lameness,  etc.*’ 

Let  us  send  you.other  letters.  Get  a 
bottle  of  Kendall’fl  at  once.  You  may 
need  it  any  day.  Atyour  druggistsfl 
a  bottle.  6  for  15.  Ask  for  “Treatise 
on  the  Horse” — Free,  or  write  to 
Dr.  B.  I.  Kendall  Co., 
Enosburg  Falls,  Ver- 
uiout,  L’.S.  A, 


fj? 


A  $100  HORSE 

may  quickly  become  worthless  by  developing  a  I 
curb,  spavin,  splint  or  going  lame.  Don’t  sacri¬ 
fice  him.  Cure  him  with 

Quinn’s  Ointment 

I  It  cures  permanently  and  absolutely  all  common  [ 
horse  ailments.  The  unfailing  remedy  of  years  | 
I  which  has  the  confidence  ot  horse  owners.  S 1 .  a 
bottle.  All  druggists  or  by  mail.  Testimonials  free. 

W.  B.  Eddy  &  Co.  Whitehall.  N.  Y. 


SHEE 


Grade  Dorset  Ewes  m ™Ug ^de11  rSt 

ewes — good  on.es.  Also  a  few  registered  Dorset  ram 
lambs.  JOHN  A.  DOREMUS,  Gladstone,  N.  J. 


This  Cooler 
Requires  No  Attention 


whatever  after  the 
flow  of  milk  and 
water  is  once 
started.  The 


99 


Bestov 
Milk 
Cooler 

cools  and  aerates 
milk  quickly,  abso¬ 
lutely  removing  all 
undesirable  odors. 
It  is  well  made  and 
durable,  and  very 
reasonable  in  price. 
Write  for  our  cata¬ 
logue  II  describing 
a  full  line  of  sup¬ 
plies  for  the  dairy. 

Dairymens  Supply  Co.,  Philadelphia  and  Lansdowne,  Pa. 


iiohses 


ERGHERON 

STALLIONS  and  MARES 

Imported  and  home-bred.  The  best  lot  ever 
shown  in  this  country.  Quality,  price,  guarantee  right. 
For  30  years  an  importer  and  breeder  of  prize  winners. 

EL  WOOD  S.  AKIN 
170  South  Street,  Auburn,  N.  Y. 

Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 

at  farmers’  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1. 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
On  Henna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O, 


c 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


SHELDONCROFT 

J.  T.  RUSSELL,  Prop.  CHAS.  B.  DAYTON,  Supt. 

SILVER  LAKE,  Susq.  Co.,  Pa. 

Pure  Bred  Jersey  Cattle.  Berkshire  Swine. 

Kill  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU.  Somerville  N.  J. 

JULY  OFFERING 

Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford,  Conn. 
Fantim’s  Zac,  Taylor,  imported  Guernsey  bull,  head 
of  our  herd,  is  offered  for  sale  to  avoid  inbreeding. 
One  of  the  grandest  individuals  in  the  U.  S.  and 
perfect  in  every  detail.  Photo,  on  request. 

One  registered  Berkshire  Boar,  seven  months  old. 
One  magnificent  Chester  White  Boar,  14  months 
old,  at  a  sacrifice. 

Eight,  four  and  five  months  old  Jersey  BullslReg.) 
from  32-30  pound  stock  and  Pogis  blood. 

Wo  will  guarantee  that  the  above  stock  is  perfect 
and  cannot  be  beat  at  tiie  price,  or  we  will  refund 
your  money  and  your  carfare. 


WEST  VIRGINIA  HOLSTEINS— Bull  Calves  For  Sale,  from 
three  to  ten  months  old,  from  good  producing 
dams,  of  the  leading  strains.  Satisfaction  guaran¬ 
teed.  A.  E.  MILLER  &  BRO.,  Bellopoint,  W.  Va. 


Eurolra  Qtnolf  Form— Registered  Jersey  Bulls 
LlllClid  OlUU\  I  a  I  III  and  Heifers,  0  months  to  3 
years  old.  Chester  White,  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  Pups  and  a  variety 
of  poultry.  Send  two-cent  stamp  for  circular. 

EDWARD  WALTER.  West  Chester,  Pa. 


CHELD0N  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
O  Bred 


Bred  Sows. 
C.  E. 


Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
BARNES.  Oxford.  N.  Y. 


Breed  Up-Not  Down^r'cTi^S 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  It.  F 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


AT  LAUREL  FARM 

we  have  on  hand  some  half-dozen  sons  of  Fern’s 
Jubilee,  73852,  A.  J.  C.  C.,  from  ten  months  down 
to  a  few  days  old.  All  out  of  good  cows.  Discount 
price  for  next  thirty  days. 

J.  GRANT  AIOKS1S,  Hamilton,  N,  Y. 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEI N-FRI  ESI  AN  ASS’N  OF  AMERICA 
F.L.  HOUGHTON.  SECY,  BOX  105,  BRATTLEBORO.VT. 


SWINE 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

...  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES."  Ss.,"*; 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  toser- 
vice  of  Watson’s  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  PioDrietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


Reg. 


P.  Chinas,  Berkshires,  C.  Whites. 

Fine,  large  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 

_  _  Pups,  Beagles  and  Poultry  .  Write  for 

prices  &  circulars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Ercildoun  Pa. 

I  ARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD  —  Regular  Summer 
L  offering  of  Bred  Sows.  Eighty  at  our  home  farm, 
8  to  It) months  old,  some  of  them  bred;  selected  from 
large  litters  out  of  mature  dams.  $35  up.  <  ome  and 
look  them  over.  H.  C.  &  H.  B.  HARPENDING,  Dundee,  N.Y. 

THE  BIG,  DEEP  FELLOWS 

^  w  „  w _ that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 

Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHEKANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 

Enquiries  promptly  answered. 
Eugene  T.  Black,  Scio,  N.  Y. 


Chester  Whites 


1911. 


THE  RXJRAI>  NEW-YORKER 


T77 


The  Henyard. 

THE  HEN  CONTEST. 

The  following  reports  from  W.  J.  Dougan 
bring  the  hen  record  down  to  July  1.  Re¬ 
member  that  Mr.  Dougan  started  March  1 
with  two  pens.  One  contained  10  Wyan¬ 
dotte  hens  and  a  good  rooster,  the  other  10 
White  Leghorns  and  a  good  male.  A  close 
record  of  eggs  is  kept  and  also  a  record  of 
all  grain  put  into  the  feeding  hoppers.  The 
suitable  eggs  are  put  into  incubators.  The 
chicks  are  to  be  sold  as  meat.  The  in¬ 
ferior  eggs  are  sold  or  used.  The  object 
of  the  contest  is  to  see  what  income  10 
good  hens  will  give  in  a  year. 

Records  of  Wyandottes. 

Herewith  you  will  find  report  of  the 
Wyandotte  hens  in  contest  for  the  month  of 
June.  During  the  month  they  consumed, 
or  have  left  in  hoppers  the  following : 

17%  lbs  oats  . at  $1.17  per  bag  .20 

14  lbs.  corn  . at  1.32  per  cwt.  .18 

8  lbs.  wheat  bran  ...at  1.55  per  cwt.  .12 

9  lbs.  beef  scraps  ...at  2.85  per  cwt.  .26 

8%  lbs.  wheat  screenings  at  1.60  per  cwt.  .06 

.82 

Beside  the  above  they  have  had  all  the 
grass  and  weeds  they  could  eat,  which  was 
pulled  from  different  growing  crops.  Dur¬ 
ing  the  month  they  laid  122  eggs,  22  of 
which  were  sold  for  45  cents  per  dozen,  two 
were  broken  and  used  in  the  house. 

w.  J.  DOUGAN. 

The  last  report  showed  that  up  to  June 
1  these  10  hens  had  laid  410  eggs  at  a  food 
cost  of  $4.03.  Thus  on  July  1  the  record 
was  532  eggs,  costing  $4.85. 

Record  of  10  Leghorns. 

Herewith  you  will  find  report  of  the 
Leghorns  in  contest  for  the  month  of  June, 
1911.  During  the  month  they  consumed  or 
have  left  in  hoppers : 

17%  lbs.  oats  . at  $1.17  per  bag  .20 

14  lbs.  cracked  corn.,  at  1.32  per  cwt.  .18 

8  lbs.  bran  . nt  1.55  per  cwt.  .12 

3  lbs.  beef  scrap  ...at  2.85  per  cwt.  .09 

3^  lbs.  wheat  screenings  at  1.60  per  cwt.  .06 

.65 

In  addition  to  the  above  they  had  all  the 
grass  and  weeds  they  could  possibly  eat, 
which  was  taken  from  growing  crops.  If 
you  know  of  any  value  for  them  you  beat 
me.  During  the  month  they  laid  129  eggs, 
12  of  which  were  sold  at  45  cents  per  dozen. 

W.  J.  DOUGAN. 

At  the  last  report  these  10  Leghorns  had 
laid  439  eggs  at  a  cost  of  $3.47.  Thus  the 
record  is  now  568  eggs,  costing  $4.02. 

Thus  four  months  or  one-third  of  the 
year  finds  the  record  as  follows : 

Wyandotte.  Leghorn. 

Total  eggs  .  5^3  568 

Total  cost . $4.85  $4.02 

Cost  per  egg . 93cent  .70cent 

Cost  per  hen . 485  .40 

Hen  per  day . 04cent  .033cent 

Eggs  per  hen . 523  .568 

The  Leghorns  are  ahead  thus  far.  We 
understand  the  Wyandottes  are  about  half 
through  moulting  while  the  Leghorns  are 
just  beginning  to  shed  their  feathers.  You 
can  see  that  the  hens  have  not  been  forced, 
and  there  is  no  chance  ror  any  phenomenal 
egg  record.  We  shall  soon  be  able  to  give 
figures  showing  how  the  chicks  hatched  and 
what  they  will  bring. 

THE  CAT  AND  THE  GOSLINGS. 

I  was  interested  in  the  story  of  that 
Missouri  cat  and  the  goslings,  and  I  would 
like  to  know  more  about  her.  j.  p. 

Mr.  Cameron,  who  sent  us  the  picture, 
gives  these  further  details. 

"It  seems  that  the  cat  is  an  old  tabby 
or  female  which  raised  families  of  kittens 
regularly  until  this  year.  The  goslings 
having  lost  their  mother  they  were  taken 
into  the  house  to  be  raised  until  large 
enough  to  care  for  themselves.  As  soon  as 
the  cat  saw  them  she  got  into  their  nest 
and  insisted  on  staving  there,  although 
the  goslings  were  very  much  frightened  and 
tried  to  get  away  from  her.  The  affection 
is  nearly  all  on  the  part  of  the  cat,  as 
the  young  geese  appear  to  care  very  little 
for  their  volunteer  mother.” 

Picking  the  Culls.— In  picking  hens  for 
market  at  the  end  of  the  Spring  laying  sea¬ 
son  it  is  a  great  convenience,  especially 
with  Leghorns,  to  have  an  easy  wav  to  tell 
the  two-year-olds  from  the  last  Spring’s 
pullets.  Of  course,  a  poultry  keeper  of  any 
experience  can  do  this  without  much  trouble, 
but  often  in  a  hurry,  a  bird  will  be  slipped 
into  the  wrong  lot.  With  white  birds  a 
dab  ot  paint  on  the  shoulder  or  back  of  the 
head  in  the  late  Pall  will  make  separation 
easy  in  the  Spring,  or  a  better  way  is  to 
band  the  old  hens  early  in  the  Fall  before 
the  pullets  are  full  grown.  You  can  get 
bands  that  are  easy  to  put  on,  and  can  be 
used  over  again  for  $1  per  150.  and  it  pays 
if  you  want  to  keep  your  flock  cleaned  up 
in  good  shape.  There  isn’t  anv  more  need 
of  a  fuss  in  doing  this  "cleaning  up”  than 
there  is  need  of  that  much  dreaded  Spring 
cleaning  in  the  house.  I  aim  to  start  with 
my  Leghorns  toward  the  end  of  April,  by 
going  through  one  or  two  pens  in  the  even¬ 
ing.  taking  only  those  that  seem  overgrown 
or  fat,  and  with  a  small  pelvic  opening,  may¬ 
be  30  or  40  in  all.  I  like  to  send  off  about 
20  in  a  lot,  and  pick  them  as  near  alike  in 
size  and  weight  as  possible.  The  next  time 
I  go  through  them  by  daylight  if  I  can, 
taking  all  the  old  hens  and  those  pullets 
that  are  off  in  size  or  seem  to  be  from  their 
looks,  poor  layers.  I  go  by  the  general  appear¬ 
ance  of  health  a  good  deal,  by  the  brightness 
of  the  eyes,  color  in  comb  and  activity.  I 

fo,  too,  to  some  extent  by  the  distance  be- 
ween  the  pelvic  bones.  A  pullet  whose  bones 
I  could  barely  get  two  fingers  between  this 
late  in  the  season  is  either  a  poor  layer  or 
she  is  laying  undersized  eggs.  Having  sep¬ 
arated  these  birds,  I  plan  to  keep  them  in 
a  pen  by  themselves,  feeding  more  fattening 
foods,  principally  cracked  corn  and  corn- 
meal.  Each  week  I  pick  out  about  20  of 
the  plumpest  after  nightfall  and  coop  them 
in  a  four-compartment,  fattening  standing, 
putting  five  hens  in  a  compartment.  This 
stand  is  made  of  laths  tacked  on  a  frame 
of  1  1-3-inch  stuff,  and  can  moved  around 
anywhere.  It  is  light  and  airv.  and  much 
better  than  stuffing  them  into  old  boxes  and 
crates  that  happen  to  be  handy.  After 
keeping  them  up  for  a  week — longer  would 
be  better  I  think — and  feeding  mainly  corn. 

I  consider  them  ready  for  market.  I  doubt 


if  in  hot  weather  it  pays  to  feed  poor  or 
thin  hens  into  good  condition.  Better  put 
thin  and  poor  ones  in  a  lot  together  and 
send  them  off  early.  My  idea  is  to  take 
the  old  hen  in  good  condition,  put  a  little 
more  meat  on  her  if  you  can,  and  then  sell 
before  prices  drop  or  she  loses  flesh. 

H.  B. 


RATION  FOR  DAIRY  COW. 

The  available  feed  for  my  dairy  cows  is 
limited  to  cotton-seed  hulls,  cotton-seed 
meal  and  dried  brewers’  grains.  The  hulls 
cost  me  40  cents  per  hundred :  the  meal 
$1.40  to  $1.50  per  hundred,  and  the  brew¬ 
ers’  grains  80  cents.  The  grain  is  the  whole 
waste  product,  the  sprouts  are  not  sepa¬ 
rated.  How  much  more  expensive  would 
you  consider  the  grains  to  be  to  me  than  the 
meal?  In  other  words,  in  paying  $1.40  for 
meal,  what  would  the  grains  need  to  be 
purchased  at  to  make  it  as  cheap?  How 
do  you  regard  molasses  for  cows?  I  can 
purchase  it  for  about  10  cents  per  gallon 
from  a  Texas  refinery,  I  think.  I  have  been 
told  it  acts  as  a  slight  irritant  and  much 
of  it  is  not  desirable.  e.  e.  p. 

I  do  not  consider  cotton-seed  hulls  a 
proper  feed  for  dairy  cows,  as  they  contain 
about  46  per  cent,  of  fiber,  of  which  only 
40  per  cent,  is  digestible,  leaving  about  27 
indigestible  fiber  in  the  feed.  This  must 
cause  a  severe  strain  upon  a  cow’s  digestive 
organs  without  any  possibility  of  any  com¬ 
pensating  returns,  as  there  is  only  a  little 
over  one  per  cent,  of  digestible  protein  in 
this  waste  product.  As  a  rule,  it  will  be 
found  much  more  profitable  to  purchase 
good  feed  and  use  the  hulls  for  bedding.  It 
is  not  exactly  a  fair  comparison  to  com¬ 
pare  the  cost  of  dried  brewers’  grains  with 
that  of  cotton-seed  meal,  as  the  two  feeds 
are  not  in  the  same  class,  the  cotton-seed 
meal  being  a  heavy  feed  and  the  dried 
brewers’  grains  being  a  light,  bulky  feed. 
It  is  practically  necessary  for  you  to  mix 
some  light  bulky  feed  with  the  cotton-seed 
meal  in  order  to  make  a  properly  balanced 
ration  of  the  right  consistency  to  keep  a 
cow  in  the  best  physical  condition  for  the 
production  of  milk  and  butter.  It  would 
therefore  be  more  reasonable  to  compare 
the  feeding  value  of  dried  brewers’  grains 
with  other  light,  bulky  feeds  like  wheat 
bran.  However,  figuring  the  feeding  values 
of  both  upon  the  same  basis  according  to 
chemical  analysis,  if  cotton-seed  meal  costs 
$1.40  per  hundred,  dried  brewers’  grains  of 
the  best  quality  would  be  worth  85  cents 
per  hundred.  Of  course  other  methods  ot 
figuring  would  produce  different  results,  but 
this  method  is  as  fair  as  any  with  which  I 
am  familiar  for  computing  the  comparative 
values  of  the  different  feeding  stuffs  for 
dairy  purposes  only.  c.  s.  g. 


You  can  cut  the  work 
of  caring  for  your  cows 
in  half— feed  them  indi¬ 
vidually,  water  them  in 
the  stall--provide  great¬ 
er  comfort  for  them 
and  keep  them  clean  by  use  of 

James  Sanitary  Barn  Equipment 

Saves  its  cos  tin  a  year’s  time.  Without  the 
James  Equipment  you  spend  an  amount  equiva¬ 
lent  to  ts  cost  i  n  unnecessary  expense  of  bam 
work,  in  wasted  feed,  in  ruined  udders  and  un¬ 
healthy  cows.  Why  not  have  the  James  Equip¬ 
ment  to  show  forthe  money  spent— and  save  the 
amount  each  succeeding  year. 

Write  for  Book  No.  8,i  fl  nterested  in  Stalls  and 
Stanchions— and  Book  No.  9,  i  f  interested  i  n  Litter 
or  Feed  Carriers.  Either  or  both  sent  FREE.  Be 
sure  t  o  state  number  o  f  cows  owned. 

Kent  Mfg.  Co.,  32 30 Cane  St.,  Ft.  Atkinson,  Wis. 


THE  UNADILLA  SILO 

IS  THE  SENSATION  OF 
THE  AGRICULTURAL  WORLD 

Because  it  has  continuous  opening 
from  bottom  to  top. 

Because  it  has  ladder  formed  by 
fasteners,  with  rounds  16  inches  apart. 

Because  hoops  are  stronger  than 
others. 

Write  for  catalogue  describing  the 
above  features  and  testimonials,  and 
our  “TWENTY-FIVE  REASONS.” 

We  also  manufacture  Farm  Water 
Tubs  and  are  New  England  representa¬ 
tives  for  I'apee  Cutters  and  are  in  pos¬ 
ition  to  quote  low  prices  upon  receipt  of  inquiry. 

Extra  discount  for  early  orders.  Agents  wanted. 
The  Unadilta  Silo  Co..  Inc.,  Box  B,  Unadilla,  N.  Y. 


HOT  WEATHER 

the  Ideal  Time  to  Use  a 

DE  LAVAL 

CREAM  SEPARATOR 

If  there  is  a  time  when  the  use  of  the  DE  LAVAL  Centrifugal 
Cream  Separator  is  more  indispensable  to  successful  dairying- 
than  another  that  time  is  during  the  hot  weather  of  midsummer.. 

The  use  of  the  separator  at  this  season  usually  means  the 
difference  between  a  profit  and  a  loss  in  dairying,  by  accomplishing 
a  great  saving  of  butter-fat  that  goes  to  waste  with  any  other 
method  of  separation  and  enabling  the  production  of  a  higher 
quality  of  cream  and  butter-fat  than  is  otherwise  possible. 

Moreover,  the  advantages  of  the  DE  LAVAL  over  other  cream 
separators  are  greatest  at  this  season.  The  separation  is  more 
complete  and  the  cream  heavier  and  more  even  in  texture,  The 
machines  turn  more  easily  and  the  capacity  is  greater,  getting  the 
work  through  more  quickly,  while  the  modern  DE  LAVAL 
machines  are  easily  cleaned  and  absolutely  sanitary,  which  is  true 
of  no  other  cream  separator. 

If  you  haven’t  a  separator  you  can  scarcely  afford  to  defer  the 
purchase  of  a  DE  LAVAL,  and  if  you  have  any  other  make  of 
separator  there  is  no  better  time  to  discard  it  in  favor  of  a 
DE  LAVAL,  first  trying  the  machines  side  by  side  for  your  own 
satisfaction,  which  every  DE  LAVAL  agent  will  he  glad  to  give 
you  the  opportunity  to  do. 

Let  us  send  you  a  catalog  and  any  desired  particulars,  including 
the  exchange  allowance  for  your  old  machine,  if  you  ha  ve  one,  and 
remember  that  a  DE  LAVAL  can  he  bought  either  for  cash  or  on 
such  liberal  terms  that  it  will  actually  pay  for  itself. 

The  De  Laval  Separator  Co. 


165-167  Broadway 
NEW  YORK 


29  E.  Madison  Street 
CHICAGO 


Drumm  &  Sacramento  Sts. 
SAN  FRANCISCO 


Are  you  putting  off  buying  a 


When  we  say  that  continuous  suction  is  detri¬ 
mental  to  a  cow  does  it  mean  anything  to  you  ? 


Fill  Your  SiloFirstl 

Pay  Afterwards 

I  We  want  to  prove  to  you  that  our  machines 
are  a  good  Investment  before  you  Rive  up 
your  money.  We  know  they  are  so  good  that 
[we  do  not  feel  It  a  risk  to  n 

make  this  offer.  Just  tell  aft  In  our 
us  your  needs.  61st 

Year 


JSILOFfLLINQ 
'MACHINERY 

ha»61  years’experionce  behind  it — more  experience 
than  any  other  machinery  of  ita  kind  made.  It  haa 
thousands  of  cn’husiastic  owners  in  every  dairy  and 
intensive  farming  district  in  ths  U.  S.  It  is  not  only 

FULLY  GUARANTEED 

to  b«  fr««  from  defeats  at  all  times  but  also  to  to 
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mine  this  before  you  buy.  Ask  an  expert’s  advice  if 
you  care  to. 

Our  large  free  catalog  thowe  our  complete  line. 
Write  for  it. 

E.  W.  ROSS  CO. Box  13  Springfield,  Ohio 

We  also  manufacture  the  Rosa  Silo 

A  complete  stock  of  machines  and  repairs  carried 
with  Tne  Fairbanks  Co.,  Syracuse,  N.Y.,  JIallalieu 
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Westchester  Pa.. Fred  B. Fuller, (iouverneur.N.Y. 


Would  You  Hang  a  Man  Without  Trial 

because  his  grandfather  was  a  bad  character? 


Sharpies  Mechanical  Milker 

nHHKHEOSnHBHBBBBiBBnM 

because  you  don’t  know  anything  about  it  ? 


Do  you  know  why 

The  Teat  Cup  with  the  Upward  Squeeze 

leaves  the  teat  soft,  pliable  and  natural  ? 

If  you  own  twenty-five  cows  and  don't  KNOW 
these  things,  write  for  catalog  “E  "  and  find  out. 

DAIRY  SPECIALTY  CO.,  Trust  Building,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


SILOS 

The  inventors  of  the  Modern 
Continuous-Opening  Silo  offer 
to  the  public  the  largest  and 
most  complete  line  of  Silos  on 
the  market.  Our  experience, 
which  antedates  that  of  any 
other  firm  manufacturing  these 
goods ,  h  as  en  abled  us  to  p  roduce 
the  highest  quality  at 
the  most  reasonable 
prices.  Send  for  our 


catalog  on  Silos  and  Silo  Fillers, 
‘‘the  kind  Uncle  Sam  uses,”  and 
tell  us  the  size  of  Silo  wanted. 

HARDER  MFC.  COMPANY 
BOX  ||  COBLESKSLL,  N.Y. 


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Write  TODAY  for  Booklet  to 
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strongest  built,  simplest  to  put  up  and  easiest  operated 
on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take-up  hoop- 
continuous  open-door  front — air-tight  door  and  per* 
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or  quality  of  milk.  Spraying  barn? 
with  Orel  Oil  will  drive  out  every  fly.  Spray  cows 
slightly  with  Orel  OH  and  they  will  pasture  peacefully. 
Harmless,  but  very  effective,  fcrel  OU  gives  off  powerful 
deodorizing  fumes  that  kill  all  parasite  life.  Splendid 
for  disinfecting  sinks,  troughs, drains,  etc.  Only  §1.00 
a  Quart — lasts  long  time.  If  your  local  denier  can't 
supply , order  direct.  Sprayer  free  with  trial  order. 
CALEDONIA  CHEMICAL  CO.,  Caledonia,  U.  Y. 

OREL  OIL 


778 


THE  R.UR.A-I>  NEW-YORKER 


July  22, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


Students  of  the  famous  Dawley  case 
will  remember  that  the  affair  was 
likened  to  a  train  of  cars  with  a  cow 
on  the  track.  The  R.  N.-Y.  was  to  be 
the  cow.  It  seems  that  the  train  was 
there  all  right,  and  so  was  the  cow,  but 
it  turned  out  to  be  the  other  cow.  Cat¬ 
tle  crooks  will  now  have  to  look  for  a 
new  champion. 

On  April  29  I  sent  one  case  eggs  (30 
dozen)  to  W.  W.  Wright,  the  Clearfield  But¬ 
ter  and  Egg  Co.,  Brooklyn,  and  I  have  not 
heard  a  word  from  him  although  I  have 
written  him  twice.  Can  you  help  me  to 
collect?  It  is  a  small  sum,  but  I  need  it 
as  much  as  he  does.  mbs.  l.  si.  h. 

New  York. 

We  followed  this  account  up,  but  the 
commission  house  failed  to  respond, 
and  we  were  later  advised  that  their 
telephone  had  been  discontinued.  It  will 
be  impossible  to  realize  anything  on  the 
account.  We  have  had  previous  similar 
experience  with  this  house,  and  from 
their  lack  of  rating  we  can  only  advise 
our  people  to  avoid*  business  dealings 
with  them.  They  offered  to  make  re¬ 
turns  above  the  market  price,  which  is 
the  usual  bait  held  out  by  irresponsible 
houses. 

I  answered  an  advertisement  for  a  drink 
cure  and  received  the  circulars  1  send  you. 

1  would  certainly  like  to  know  whether  this 
is  a  fake  or  not.  Had  it  not  been  for  the 
good  work  you  have  been  doing  I  should 
certainly  have  invested  .$5  before  asking 
your  advice.  Your  Publisher's  Desk  is  the 
first  thing  I  look  at  when  your  paper  is 
received.  You  may  send  me  at  once  50  of 
your  10  cent  envelopes  and  I  will  use  them 
In  my  correspondence.  d.  s.  h. 

Pennsylvania. 

The  circulars  referred  to  a  tobacco 
and  drink  cure,  and  while  we  have  no 
record  of  any  analysis  of  the  product, 
we  feel  safe  in  saying  that  the  majority 
of  these  so-called  cures  contain  cocaine 
or  morphine  in  some  form.  From  re¬ 
ports  we  have  had  the  cure  is  a  hundred 
times  worse  than  the  disease.  We  can 
only  urge  our  people  to  have  nothing  to 
do  with  these  advertised  nostrums. 

I  received  a  letter  from  you  with  a  check 
inclosed  for  two  dollars.  I  did  not  expect 
they  would  return  a  cent.  Thanks  for  your 
kindness  and  please  let  me  know  my  indebt¬ 
edness  to  you.  I  received  the  nice  book 
entitled  "The  Business  Hen,”  for  which  I 
thank  you.  I  am  interested  in  poultry.  I 
have  70  laying  hens  and  52  good  size  Spring 
chickens.  I  enjoy  reading  your  good  paper. 

1  can  learn  from  each  paper  very  much. 
New  Y'ork.  mbs.  f.  a.  s. 

This  was  a  case  of  over-charge  by  an 
express  company.  The  amount  was 
trivial  and  the  time  we  spent  in  mak¬ 
ing  the  collection  was  worth  many  times 
the  amount  involved;  but  express  rates 
are  exorbitant  to  start  with  and  as  a 
matter  of  principle  we  will  insist  on 
what  is  right  whether  the  amount  be 
large  or  small.  As  we  have  many  times 
explained,  we  will  accept  no  compensa¬ 
tion  for  any  service  we  may  do  a  sub¬ 
scriber  in  matters  of  this  kind. 

The  following  letter  is  taken  from  the 
Lewis  National  Weekly: 

Blue  Rapids,  Kas.,  June  17,  1911. 
John  II.  Williams,  Controller,  Lewis  Prop¬ 
erties. 

Dear  Mr.  Williams :  To-day  received 
three  copies  of  enclosed  by  courtesy  of  our 
post  office  department. 

Mr,  Williams,  I  have  about  $4,500  in¬ 
vested  in  University  City  notes  ($2,400) 
debentures,  ($2,000)  and  over. 

1  wish  you  to  answer  this  one  question  : 
were  these  companies  insolvent  and  worth¬ 
less  as  stated  by  Burton?  You  have  had 
an  investigation,  tell  me  the  truth. 

If  the  investment  is  lost  now  through 
maliciousness,  it  will  not  matter  half  so 
much  (although  it  is  my  all),  as  it  would 
to  be  so  basely  misled  by  Mr.  Lewis. 

I  cannot  believe  him  so  treacherous  and 
if  these  are  lies.  I  will  fight  to  the  last 
ditch,  money  or  no  money. 

With  best  wishes.  cabbie  v.  sheldon. 

You  would  expect  such  an  inquiry  to 
receive  a  frank,  definite  reply.  Mr.  Will¬ 
iams  replies  in  a  three-column  article, 
but  does  not  answer  the  inquiry.  He 
admits  that  he  has  been  in  charge  since 
February  first,  and  that  he  went  there 
to  make  investigation ;  but  says  in  ef¬ 
fect  that  he  is  unable  to  answer  the 
question.  Mr.  Williams’  answer  to  the 
question  is  a  virtual  admission  that  every 
charge  made  by  Senator  Burton  is  true. 

On  May  24,  1909.  I  gave  my  note  for 
$29.69  to  the  Security  Life  Insurance  Co. 
of  Chicago.  111.  The  agent  said  they  guar¬ 
anteed  $1,400  at  the  end  of  20  years,  and 
if  the  policy  was  not  as  they  recommended 
I  would  not  have  to  pay  for  it.  When  it 
came  they  guaranteed  only  $011.  I  haven’t 
lifted  the  policy  and  they  still  hold  the 
note.  My  father  and  uncle  were  present 

and  heard  the  agreement.  Would  1  stand 
any  chance  of  getting  the  note  back? 
Pennsylvania.  J.  R.  h. 

W e  took  this  up  with  the  company 
but  they  claimed  they  had  made  a  thor¬ 
ough  investigation  and  assure  us  there 
was  no  misrepresentation  practiced,  but 
they  do  not  state  why  the  agent  said 
$1400  would  be  guaranteed  at  the  end 
of  20  years  and  then  delivered  a  policy 
guaranteeing  only  $611.  They  rather 


resented  our  interest  in  the  matter,  but 
as  the  note  had  been  discounted  by  the 
agent  and  his  commission  deducted,  the 
company  did  not  feel  they  could  be  at  a 
loss.  Our  subscriber  reports  others  in 
his  neighborhood  refused  to  accept  their 
policies  when  they  noted  the  discrep¬ 
ancies.  We  were  unable  to  help  him, 
but  we  publish  this  brief  summary  of 
the  case  to  emphasize  the  wisdom  of  al¬ 
ways  reading  carefully  any  paper  or 
contract  you  sign  with  a  stranger  or 
anyone  else  for  that  matter. 

On  February  5,  1910,  in  response  to  my 
inquiry,  I  received  a  letter  from  L.  L.  May 
A  Co.,  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  quoting  $2  per 
bushel  for  Minnesota  No.  13  seed  corn,  and 
.saying  that  "We  will  guarantee  to  you  our 
seed  corn  to  show  our  high  germination 
test,  and  will  also  guarantee  it  to  be  true 
to  name.”  On  March  4  I  sent  them  remit¬ 
tance  of  $9.50  for  five  bushels.  The  corn 
was  planted  by  myself  and  'fight  neighbors. 
This  coin  was  planted  on  May  10,  was  yet 
in  the  milk  when  it  was  cut  in  anticipation 
of  frost  on  September  14,  127  days  after 
planting.  Minnesota  No.  13  seed  secured 
from  other  sources  and  planted  side  by 
side  with  this  one  the  same  date,  got  ripe, 
while  this  did  not.  One  neighbor  planted 
Some  of  this  seed  in  the  same  row  at  the 
same  time  with  seed  of  his  own,  which  ma¬ 
tured  properly,  while  this  did  not  mature 
at  all.  All  of  the  nine  farmers  had  prac¬ 
tically  the  same  experience  with  the  L.  L. 
May  &  Co.  seed,  with  the  exception  of  one 
grower,  whose  corn  failed  to  germinate  be¬ 
cause  of  other  conditions.  Our  soil  is  rich, 
strong,  clay  loam,  and  not  the  sandy  soil 
found  in  some  parts  of  Minnesota.  Our 
land  was  originally  heavy  hardwood  forests. 
Most  of  the  farmers  who  used  this  seed  are 
still  struggling  with  stumps  and  brush  and 
debt,  and  the  loss  of  a  crop  of  corn  is  a 
serious  matter  with  them.  In  all  this  seed 
planted  about  28(4  acres,  and  estimated  to 
yield  at  50  bushels  per  acre,  and  the  whole¬ 
sale  price  of  corn  at  50  cents  per  bushel, 
the  loss  to  the  planters  would  be  at  least 
$700.  I  have  complained  to  L.  L.  May  & 
Co.,  but  get  no  reply ;  my  last  letter  was 
registered,  and  as  I  have  heard  nothing 
from  them  I  conclude  they  do  not  intend 
to  make  any  reply.  C.  s.  R. 

Pine  City,  Minn. 

We  presented  the  above  complaint  to 
Messrs.  L.  L.  May  &  Co.,  and  they  re¬ 
plied  that  according  to  their  records 
they  furnished  the  exact  corn  ordered, 
but  admit  the  possibility  of  an  error  in 
making  shipment.  They  explained,  how¬ 
ever,  that  conditions  prevailing  in  the 
Northwest  during  the  season  were  pecu¬ 
liar;  that  the  season  came  on  hot  and 
then  turned  excessively  cold,  and  then 
on  top  of  this  they  experienced  a  severe 
drought;  that  they  shipped  the  same 
season  thousands  of  bushels  of  corn 
from  which  there  was  no  complaint. 
They  attributed  the  failure  of  the  corn 
to  g  „w  to  carelessness  on  the  part  oi 
growers,  and  to  possible  want  of  culti¬ 
vation,  and  as  an  adjustment  offered  to 
duplicate  the  order  next  year  free  of 
charge.  The  offer  to  duplicate  did  not 
appeal  to  C.  S.  R.,  as  after  the  ex¬ 
perience  of  the  previous  year  he  would 
not  consent  to  risk  another  year’s  fail¬ 
ure,  and  in  further  proof  of  his  conten¬ 
tion  quoted  the  authority  of  two  corn 
experts  (one  of  whom  had  furnished 
seed  for  May  &  Co.),  both  of  whom 
confirmed  the  growers’  contention  that 
the  seed  furnished  by  May  &  Co.  was 
not  the  Minnesota  No.  13,  and  further 
that  the  seed  furnished  was  actually  of 
two  r  three  different  varieties,  neither 
of  them  being  Minnesota  No.  13.  In 
further  evidence  of  his  contention  he  as¬ 
serted  that  he  was  only  65  miles  from 
St.  Paul,  and  he  invited  the  company  to 
send  an  expert  to  investigate  the  justice 
of  his  claim,  which  was  not  done. 

The  above  statement  covers  the  case 
as  fairly  as  we  are  able  to  express  it 
from  the  records.  What  is  the  farmer 
or  a  number  of  farmers  to  do  in  such 
a  case?  This  is  an  established,  finan¬ 
cially  responsible  house.  The  farmer 
took  the  precaution  to  get  a  definite 
guarantee  for  the  germination  and  qual¬ 
ity  of  the  seed  aside  from  any  dis¬ 
claimer  that  might  appear  in  the  cata¬ 
logue.  He  got  the  guarantee  in  posi¬ 
tive,  definite  terms  over  a  signature  of 
the  firm.  As  it  stands  this  guarantee  is 
a  delusion  and  a  snare.  If  he  wants  any 
redress  he  is  obliged  to  go  into  the  court 
and  spend  as  much  time  and  money  and 
worry  as  the  original  loss  amounts  to, 
and  run  his  chance  of  any  redress  even 
then.  The  seedsmen  no  doubt  have  their 
own  difficulties.  It  is  not  an  easy  mat¬ 
ter  for  them  to  guarantee  that  an  em¬ 
ployee  will  never  make  an  error,  and 
the  nature  of  the  seed  trade  makes  it 
practically  impossible  for  them  always 
to  guarantee  the  result  of  a  crop  from 
their  seed ;  but  here  is  a  case  where  the 
growers  relied  implicitly  on  the  positive 
assurance  and  guarantee  of  the  seeds¬ 
man.  The  loss  resulting  is  a  whole 
year’s  crop,  which  to  them  is  quite  as 
important  as  a  large  fraction  of  a  seeds¬ 
man’s  trade  for  a  season.  The  seeds¬ 
man  who  gives  such  positive  guarantees 
ought  to  assume  some  responsibility  for 
his  failure  to  do  his  part  in  filling  the 
order.  j.  j.  d. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


There's  No  Profit 
In  keepingwA 


Lame 
orse 


There’s  no  profit 
in  a  lame  horse 
whether  you  keep 
him  for  your  own 
use  or  put  him  up 
for  sale.  Nobody 
wants  to  buy  a  horse 
with  spavin,  ringbone 
and  other  defects. 

Don’t  give  your  horse 
away  or  sell  him  for  a 
'mere  song.”  You  can 
make  him  as  “good  as  new”  by 
using  Mack’s  Thousand  Dollar 
Spavin  Remedy  and  sell  him  at  a, 
big  profit  or  have  a  good,  reliable, 
hard  working  animal  for  your  own  use. 

Mack’s  Thousand  Dollar  Spavin  Remedy  will  quickly 
and  permanently  relievo  tho  very  worst  case  of  bono  and 
bog  spavin,  Ringbone,  Thoronghpin,  Curb,  Splint,  Capped 
Hock,  Shoe  Boil,  Sprung  Knee,  Lacerated  and  Ruptured 
Tendons,  Sweeney  and  all  other  forms  of  lameness  affecting 
a  horse.  It's  a  powerful  Remedy  that  goes  right  to  tho 
bottom  of  tho  trouble  and  quickly  restores  natural  con¬ 
ditions  in  the  bones,  muscles  and  tendons  —  cures  the 
lameness  in  just  a  few  days  to  stay  cured  and  the  animal 
may  be  worked  as  usual.  Cure9  hundreds  of  cases  formerly 
considered  incurable. 

Contains  nothing  that  can  injure  tho  horse  and  heals 
without  leaving  scar,  blemish  or  loss  of  hair.  We  positively 
guarantee  every  bottle  of  Mark’s  Thousand  Dollar  Spavin 
Remedy;  if  it  fails,  you  get  back  every  cent  you  pay  for  it 
as  stated  in  our 

$1000  Warranty  Bond. 

For  sale  by  Druggists  and  Dealers  everywhere,  or  by 
prepaid  express  direct, upon  receiptof  prico,$5.  Get  a  bottlo 
today.  Cure  the  lame  horses  you  now  have  and  be  prepared 
for  emergencies. 

Veterinary  Advice  FREE 

If  you  are  not  sure  you  have  made  a  correct  diagnosis 
of  your  animal's  lameness,  write  us  a  letter  telling  all  tho 
symptoms,  and  our  Veterinary  will  tell  you  just  what  tho 
trouble  is  and  how  to  cure  it.  Don't  hesitate  to  write 
whether  you  have  ever  used  Mack’s  Spavin  Remedy  or  not. 
This  advice  is  free  to  all. 

BOOK — “Horse  Sense"  and  sample  of  $1,000  Warranty 
Bond  mailed  free  upon  request. 

Distributed  by 

MoKallor  Drug  Go.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


CLIMAX 


ENSILAGE 

CUTTERS 


"The  Complete  Machine.”  Don't  buy  an 
ensilage  cutter  until  you  have  read  our  catalog. 

WARSAW-WILKINSON  CO.,  SO  Highland  Ave.,  Warsaw,  N.  T. 


[Write  for  Ensilage  Facts 

\  Why  you  should  feed  silage,  and  why  you  should 

with  Blizzard  Ensilage  Cutter 

which  saves  one  man’s  time  and  wages.  Runs  on 
least  power.  Has  improved  wind  elevator,  adjust¬ 
able  knives,  sell-feed  table.  Wears  longest.  Is 
i  guaranteed.  Write  for  "Evidence”  and  "Why 
Silage  Pays.”  Latest  catalog  i  ncluded  i  f  you  will 
ask  for  it.  *.•?«§?.  All  free.  A  postal  card 

tSgil  \  #  will  bring  them.  Write 

mew  1  W?n  today. 

Jos.  Dick 
Manufacturing 
Company 

^  1426W.  Tuscarawas  St. 
Canton,  Ohio 


SS?aI,*X  Fillers 

The  only  machine  with  force  feed  table, 
automatic  feed  rolls,  and  safety  fly 
^  wheel  and  belt  pulley  which  loosen 
Bfc  automatically  from  the  shaft 
Y  and  thus  keep  fort  i  -n  substances 
outofthc  knives  and  blower.  Greater 
capacity,  greater  safety,  greater 
.  convenience,  loss  power,  less 
repairs.  Send  for  catalogue. 

HARDER  MEG.  CO. 
Box  11  ,Cobieskill,N.Y. 


S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORN  YEARLINGS 

liens  for  sale,  1100  pure  white  birds,  very  beststrain, 
$1.75  each.  BROOKDALE  FARM,  Brewster,  New  York. 

Pm  I  IC  P| |  DO— From  imported  stock.  Females 

OULLIL  rUlOeheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 


S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Chicks  8c.  each.  If  more  than  four 
chicks  are  dead  to  each  100  you  buy. 
when  reaching 
your  express  of- 
licc,  I  will.make 
good  the  loss. 

Catalog  about  j 
chick  feeding  , 
and  diseases 
free.  Will  ship 
C.  O.  D. 

C.  M.  liAUVER,  Box  73,  Richfield,  Pa. 

- 

D  ARY  P  H  I P  If  Q — SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS; 

DHU  I  UiilUlxO  Young’s  Strain  direct;  best 
in  the  world;  2,000  Breeders;  Chicks.  $9.00  per  100 
during  July;  from  free  range  stock;  chicks  that  do 
nothing  but  live  and  grow.  Safe  arrival  guaranteed. 
My  book,  "Profits  in  Poultry  Keeping  Solved,”  free 
With  every  100  chick  order.  Circular  free. 

BRIGGS'  BABY  CHICK  FARM,  Pleasant  Valley,  New  York 


SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  and  Cock¬ 
erels;  auy  quantity  at  attractive  prices;  bred-to-lay 

kind.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Fleminoton,  N.  J 


5000 


Single-Combed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 
Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 
right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  best  selections.  Largest  success¬ 
ful  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  Y’ork  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 


13AIJY  CHICKS— Single  Comb  White  Leghorns. 

Rose  Comb  Rhode  Island  Reds,  9c  and  12c  each. 
Strong  and  livable.  From  vigorous  free  range  stock, 
bred  l'or  utility  and  standard  qualities.  Safe  delivery 
guaranteed.  WESLEY  GRIN NELL,  Sodus,  N.  Y. 


BABY  CHICKS,  8k.  £& 

C.  White  Leghorns  in  any  quantity.  Safe  arrival 
guaranteed,  Circulars  free.  CHAS.  R.  STONE,  Baby 
Chicken  Farm,  Staatsburg-on-Hurison,  N.  Y. 


Buff,  Wli.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  S.  C.  R.  I.  Red. 
Eggs.  90c.  per  15,  $1.50  per  30.  $2.75  per  00,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  Pa. 


Hunn  Lake  Poultry  Farm 

\Vhite Wyandotte  Chicks,  $12  per  100.  Eggs,$5per  100. 

Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  May  return  at  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  Southold,  Suffolk  Co.,  N.  Y. 

THE  FARMER’S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  TT10S.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 

PRIZE  WINNING  STRAINS  1  &T&  Zet- 

dottes,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  both  combs,  Singlo 
Comb  White  and  Brown  Leghorns,  eggs  $1.60,  15; 
$7.00,  100.  Light  and  Dark  Brahmas,  $2.00,  15.  Cat¬ 
alog  gratis.  F.  M.  PRESCOTT,  Itiverdale,  N.  J. 


0  fi  BOOS  si. 00 — beading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
AU  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Large  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa 


We  Will  Spl|-for*2-00fol'lieilsand  $2.00  to $5.00 
", 1,1,1  OCll  for  one-year-old  cockerels-our 
surplus  breeding  stock  of  Partridge  Cochins.  Barred 
Rocks,  While  Rocks,  Partridge  Wyandottes. 

MINCH  15ROS.  .  K-2  .  Rridgeton,  N.  J. 


lEEDSyiLLE  POULTRY  YARDS-White  Rocks  and  S.C.  White 
“  leghorns.  A  few  early  hatched  pullets  for  sale  now. 
Nearly  full  grown  at  $1.50  and  $1.25  apiece,  if  ordered 
quickly.  L.  W.  DRAPER,  Prop.,  Amenia,  N.  Y . 


Pflll  I  TRYMFN-I)on'tfail  t0  secure  Stock  and 
*  “"•■I  II  I  111  L li  Eggs  at  our  reduced  prices 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Marietta,  Pa. 


Farmers  and  Poultrymen, 

Aon  must  not  blame  us  if  occasionally  our  en¬ 
thusiasm  bubbles  over  when  speaking  of  our  cus¬ 
tom  hatching  department  as  carried  on  by  our 
experts  in  our  mammoth  hot  water  incubator 
Results  are  showing  people  all  over  the  country 
that  we  know  our  business  by  saving  them  time, 
worry  and  money,  and  giving  them  strongor  chicks 
than  the  old  lien  or  kerosene  oil  fume  incubators 
ever  aid.  ion  send  us  the  eggs— we’ll  do  the  rest- 
do  it  right  and  send  yoa  the  chicks.  Write  for  in¬ 
formation  and  prices,  anyway. 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM,  Millerton,  N.  Y. 


rcow 

|  STANCHIONS 

AND 

.STALLS 


UIC  K 

Highest  Grade-  Sanitary 

Not  a  particle  of  wood  about  them. 
Quick  to  open— Quick  to  close— 
Quick  to  pleas; — Quick  shipments. 
Ask  for  mil  Catalogue 

BOWEN  &  QUICK,  Mfrs.,  Auburn,  N.  Y. 


!•  -.THE 

■  ;';.XNrMAr-S 
;  .  FRIEND 

.  Keeps  flies  and  all 
insects  and  pests  off 
animals  —  in  barn  or  pas¬ 
ture— longer  than  any  imi¬ 
tation.  Used  and  endorsed 
since  1885  by  leading  dairy¬ 
men  and  farmers. 

$1  worth  saves  $20.00 

_  in  milk  and  flesh  on  each 

cow  in  a  singlo  season.  Cures  sores,  stops  itching 
^41,,  prerents  lnfectio^n.  Nothing  better  for  galls, 
lints  lice  and  mites  in  poultry  houses. 

SFNF5  Cl  if  your  dealer  can’t  supply  vou,  for 
enough  Shoo  -  Ely  to  protect  200 
cows,  and  our  8  -  tube  gravity  sprayer  without 
extra  charge.  Money  hack  if  not  satisfactory.  Write 
for  Booklet,  free.  Special  terms  to  agents. 

Shoo-FIy  Mfg.  Co.,  Dept.  1310  N.  10th  St.,  Philada. 


MODERNIZE 

PORTER 


YOUR  BARN  WITH  A 

CARRIER 


No  barn  is  considered 
complete  unless  equipped 
with  litter  carriers.  Dirty 
and  unsanitary  stables 
are  no  longer  tolerated. 
The  saving  of  labor,  the  lessening  of 
danger  from  lire,  immunity  of  live 
stock  from  disease,  and  the  saving 
of  manure,  are  only  a  few  reasons 
why  litter  carriers  are  growing 
more  popular  every  day. 

The  Porter  Litter  Carrier 

is  the  -system  for  the  farmer  who 
wants  permanency.  The  quality  of 
material  and  workmanship  enter¬ 
ing  into  their  make-up  have  no 
equal.  As  time  and  labor  savers 
they  excel  all  other  makes.  Get  our 
catalog,  which  tells  and  illustrates 
by  pictures  the  many  ways  our  feed 
and  litter  carriers  can  be  used. 

J.E.  PORTER  CO. 

OTTAWA,  ILLINOIS 

— J 


1911. 


^PHK  RURAb  NE^W-YORKEH 


7Y9 


Crops  and  Markets 

Wholesale  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  July  14,  1911. 


DRESSED  POULTRY— Frozen 


Turkeys.  best . 22  ffl  .23 

Chickens,  milk-fed  broilers . 18  ffl  .22 

Corn-fed  broilers . 16  ffl  .18 

Milk-fed  roasters . .17  ffl  .18)^ 

Corn-fed  roasters . 15  ffl  .16H 

Fowls .  .  II  @  .16 


HAY  AND  STRAW 


BUTTER 

Market  decidedly  easy,  receipts  showing 
hot  weather  damage.  City  trade  moderate, 
owing  to  large  number  of  people  absent. 


Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 24  a  .25 

Good  to  Choice . 21  ®  .23 

Lower  Grades  . 18  @  .20 

State  Dairy,  best . 22  ffl  .23 

Common  to  Good . 15  ©  .20 

Factory . 14  @  .19 

Packing  Stock . 15  ®  .18 


Elgin  111.  butter  market  firm  at  24  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  25&  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  26  cents. 

CHEESE 

Business  is  rather  dull,  owing  to  high 
prices  asked  for  best  whole  milk  stock.  Un¬ 
der  grades  are  in  surplus. 


Full  Cream,  best,  new . 11  ®  .12 % 

Common  to  Good . 00  ®  .10 

Skims . (15  ®  .10 

Old,  common  to  good . 11  ©  .13^ 


EGGS 

Choice  eggs  are  scarce.  Business  in  other 
grades  is  very  much  demoralized  owing  to 
heat  defects.  Large  quantities  of  western 
and  gathered  stock  have  sold  under  12 
cents. 


White,  good  to  choice . 24  ©  .26 

Mixed  colors,  best  . 20  @  .23 

Common  to  Good . 15  ®  .18 

West  to,  best . 17  @  .20 

Linder  grades . 12  @  .16 

Checks  and  dirties . 06  ffl  .11 


BEAN8 


Market  steady  on  Timothy.  Low  grades 
are  working  out  fairly  well  on  a  lower 
price  basis. 


Bay,  No.  1,  ton . 26.00  ffl  27.00 

No.  2 . 22.00  ®  25.00 

No.  3 . 18.00  ffl  20.00 

Clover  Mixed . 18.00  ffl  22  00 

Clover . . 16.00  ffl  18.00 

Straw.  Rye . , . 11.00  ®  12.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 8.00  ffl  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs . SCO  ®  6.55 

Bulls . 3.00  ffl  4.45 

Cows .  l  50  @4.60 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 7.80  @  9.60 

Culls  .  5.00  ffl  6  00 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 2.50  @  4.00 

Lambs .  5.80  ffl  8.00 

Hogs . 6.60  @  7.00 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.07  @  .. 

No.  2,  Red . 94  ffl  ... 

No.  1  Macaroni .  .98  @  .. 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 60  @  .70 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 50  ®  .55 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 94  @  .96 

MILL  FEED 

Spring  Bran,  ton .  23.50  ®  24.00 

Standard  Middlings .  25.35  @  28.35 

Red  Dog .  27.60  @  29.00 

Hominy  Chop .  24.00  ®  25.20 

Linseed  Meal .  33.00  @  34.50 

Corn  Meal .  27.00  ®  28.00 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  14.25 

Middling  Gulf .  14.50 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  14.10 

Good  Middling .  15.05 

WOOL 


Trade  is  dull.  Holders  ask  10  cents  ad¬ 
vance  for  choice  Pea.  White  Kidney  very 
scarce. 

Marrow,  100  lbs . 3.25  ®  3.85 

Medium . .  3.15  @3.75 

Pea .  3.15  ®  3.90 

Yellow  Eye . 3.50  @  3.60 

Red  Kidney .  . 6.00  @  6.45 

WhlteKidney . 6.10  @  5.20 

Lima,  California . 6.70  ®  6.75 

HOPS 

A  sale  of  350  bales  1910  hops  at  25 
cents  net  is  reported  from  the  Pacific  Coast. 
The  entire  stock  in  first  hand  there  is  now 
but  500  bales. 


NewYork  Fleeces,  Fine,  unwashed .  18  @  .19 

Ohio  half  blood  combing . 21  @  .25 

Kentucky,  three- fourths  blood. . . 23  @  24 

Michigan,  half  blood . 23  @  .24 

TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadleaf-ttller . 08  @  .10 

Fine  wrappers  . 60  ®  75 

N.  Y. State  Fillers . 05  @  .06 

Fine  and  Selections . 12  @  .16 

Ohio  Zimmer's  Spanish . 19  @  .20 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 07^@  D9J4 

Dark  Leaf . 10  @  .20 

Bright  Cutters . 12  @  .30 

Penn,  broad  leaf  fillers . 10  @  .12 

CHICAGO 

Butter,  creamery . 20  ®  .24 


Prime  to  Choice . 

20 

<§> 

C(A 

.32 

30 

jLiive  mrKeys . . 

Fowls . 

28 

(21 

29 

Chickens . . 

60 

64 

Potatoes,  new,  bbl . 

Bohemian,  1910 . 

@ 

Blackberries,  quart  . . 

CIDER  VINEGAR 

New  York  jobbing  prices  for  single  bar¬ 
rel  lots.  Very  little  vinegar  good  enough 
for  top  quotations  is  offered. 

Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 22  @  .24 

Standard  Grade . 13  ©  .15 

DRIED  FRUITS 

Evaporated  apples  very  scarce.  Sales  of 
future  stock  at  9%  to  10  cents  are  re¬ 
ported. 

Apples,  evap.  prime . 14  @  16 

Evap.,  com.  to  good . 06  @  .13 

Cores  and  Skins . 07  @  .07}£ 

Raspberries . 29  ®  .34 

Cherries . 16  @  .20 

FRESH  FRUITS 

The  supply  of  new  apples  is  increasing, 
some  fairly  good  stock  being  offered. 
Peaches  scarce  and  bringing  high  prices. 
Small  fruits  in  bad  condition  an  account  of 
weather.  Business  in  watermelons  good 
where  top  quality  is  to  be  had. 


Apples,  Astrachan, bbl . 

9 

3.50 

Sweet  Bough,  bbl . 

@ 

3.00 

Windfalls,  bbl . 

@ 

2.00 

Various,  }4-bbl.-bkt . 

@ 

2.00 

Pears,  Southern,  Le  Conte,  bbl.., 

.  4.50 

© 

8.50 

Peaches,  Ga.,  carrier . 

. . . . .  1 .2i» 

fa) 

3.26 

Cherries,  lb . 

a 

.14 

Muskmeions,  Southern,  crate..., 

.  1.25 

@ 

2.50 

Cali  forma,  crate . 

Watermelons.  Southern,  100 . 

@ 

3.75 

. 10.00 

@35.00 

Jersey  and  Pa . 

. 07 

@ 

.12 

Blackberries,  qt . 

. 07 

ffl 

.12 

Raspberries,  red,  pint.. . 

. . 05 

@ 

.09 

Gooseberries,  qt . . 

ffl 

.15 

Currants,  qt . 

. 11 

ffl 

.13 

VEGETABLES 

Choice  new  potatoes  are  scarce,  many  of 
the  receipts  showing  rot.  Jersey  corn  more 
plentiful  and  lower.  Peas  and  string  beans 
selling  in  a  wide  range  of  prices.  Cucum¬ 
bers  largely  poor  and  hard  to  sell.  Onion 
market  improved. 


~  r  i . .  . . . . .  • « .OU  V£5»  t.Uil 

Lambs,  100  lbs . 4.00  @  7  00 

Hogs . 6.00  @  6  85 

BUFFALO 

Butter,  creamery .  22  @  .25 

Eggs,  State .  '.16  ®  ,16U 

Live  Chickens . 20  @  225 

Fowls .  12  @  .13^ 

Potatoes,  new,  bbl . 2.00  @  3.00 

Calves,  live,  100  lbs . 5.60  @  9  50 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 1.50  @  4  25 

Lambs,  100  lbs . 5.00  ®  8.00 

Hog8 . . . 6.35  ®  6.60 

Wheat,  No.  2,  Red .  ®  .94 

Corn . 64  @  .68 

Oats . 48  ©  .50 


In  Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y„  near  Riplej 
and  Silver  Creek,  vineyards  have  been  dam* 
aged  by  the  grape  leaf-hopper.  The  remedj 
is  spraying  with  strong  tobacco  extract  as 
soon  as  the  insects  are  noticed.  In  some 
parts  of  the  grape  belt,  root-worm  is  active 
The  outlook  for  apples  is  excellent,  anc 
prospects  for  pears  and  peaches  good. 

We  are  having  an  unprecedented  hoi 
drought  here,  practically  only  two  thunder 
showers  of  less  than  an  hour’s  duration 
each,  and  two  more  even  lighter  since  April 
24.  Everything  is  dried  and  burnt  up,  no 
vegetables  even.  It  is  positively  a  calamity 
for  our  farmers.  And  hot,  why  that’s  no 
name  for  the  whole  time,  and  more  especial¬ 
ly  this  week.  Walter  whateley. 

Secretary  Va.  Hortl.  Society. 

The  fruit  crop  in  Berrien,  Allegan  and 
Van  Buren  counties  will  be  as  follows: 
Winter  apples,  25  per  cent  or  less;  Fall 
apples,  a  full  crop ;  pears,  50  per  cent ; 
plums,  75  per  cent. ;  sour  cherries,  a  full 
crop.  Leaf  blight  has  been  very  bad,  and 
on  many  of  the  orchards  the  foliage  is 
nearly  destroyed.  Spraying  with  Bordeaux 
mixture  gives  much  better  results  than  did 
lime  and  sulphur  together  with  arsenate 
of  lead.  Peaches  will  oe  75  per  cent  of  a 
crop.  Hay  crop  rather  Tight.  e.  v  a 

Allegan  Co.,  Mich. 


Potatoes,  Jersey,  bbl . 3.76  @  4225 

Southern,  No.  1,  bbl . 3.50  @  4.00 

Southern,  No.  2,  bbl . 2.00  ®  2.25 

Long  Island,  bbl . 3.75  ©  4.25 

Beets,  new,  100  bunches .  1.00  @  1.75 

Carrots,  new,  100  bunobe6 . 1.00  @  1.75 

Long  Island,  bbl . 75  @  1.25 

Sweet  Corn,  Southern,  100 . 50  @  .75 

Jersey,  100 .  A0  @  1.00 

Cucumbers,  bu . 40  ®  .50 

Celery,  Jersey,  bunch . 10  @  .40 

Cauliflower,  L. I.,  bbl . 75  @  1,75 

Lettuce,  !4-bbl.  bkt . 40  @  .75 

Peppers,  Southern,  bu . 1.00  ffl  1.50 

Jersey,  bu .  1.00  @  1.75 

Horseradish,  100  lbs . 3.00  @  6.00 

Okra.  Southern,  Carrier .  1.00  ©  2.00 

Onions,  Long  Island,  bbl . 2.00  @  2.75 

Egyptian,  bag . 2.00  ©  2.50 

Jersey,  bu .  1.25  ©  1.50 

Peas.  State,  bu .  .75  @  1.50 

Jersey,  bu . 50  @  1.50 

Radishes.lOO  bunches . 35  @  .75 

Rhubarb,  100  bunches .  1.00  @  1.50 

String  Beans,  bu .  220  @  .50 

Lima  Beans,  bu . 2.00  @  3.00 

Spinach,  bbl . 50  @  1.00 

Squasn.  Marrow,  bbl .  1.00  ffl  2.00 

Crook  Neck,  bbl .  A0  @  1.60 

Turnips,  Rutabaga,  bbl . 75  ©  1.00 

White,  bbl .  1.00  @  2.00 

Leeks,  100  bunches .  1.00  @  2.00 

Egg  Plants,  Southern,  bbL . 2.00  @  2A0 

Tomatoes.  Del.  and  Md. derate . 0.36  @  .60 

Jersey,  box .  A0  ffl  1.75 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Chickens,  Broilers,  lb . 20  ffl  .21 

B’owls . 14  ffl  .14^ 

Roosters . 08  @  .09 

Ducks . 11  @  .12 

Geese . 08  ffl  .09 

Turkeys . 10  ffl  .11 


DRESSED  POULTRY— Fresh  Killed 


Turkeys,  best . 14  @  .15 

Common  to  Good . 12  @  .  .13 

Chickens,  fancy  broilers,  lb .  25  ffl  .27 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 20  ffl  .24 

Fowls .  13  @  .16 


Spring  Ducks,  lb . 13  @  .15 

Squabs,  doz .  1.75  ©  3.50 


Reports  from  various  parts  of  Niagar; 
county,  N  Y.,  are  that  the  berry  crop  ha 
been  practically  mined  by  the  continued  ho 
weather.  The  berries  were  dried  up,  and  th 
farmers  claim  that  they  will  not  realize  s 
dollar  on  the  crop  this  year.  This  conclu 
sion  is  drawn  with  reference  to  red  rasp 
berries.  Considerable  of  the  black  raspber 
ry  crop  has  been  picked  before  the  drought 
Much  damage  has  been  done  to  the  graii 
crop  also,  according  to  reports  from  th 
country.  During  the  hot  weather  period 
the  grain  has  been  ripened  several  week 
ahead  of  the  usual  time  and  the  producer 
state  that  an  inferior  crop  can  only  result 
while  much  of  the  grain  has  been  blighted. 

The  weather  in  this  section  all  througl 
May  and  June  has  boon  extremely  hot  am 
dry,  thermometer  reaching  100  degrees  a 
times  and  for  days  running  from  94  to  98 
I  have  found  it  impossible  to  get  tomat* 
plants  to  live,  though  I  have  tried  ever 
way  and  have  almost  wholly  failed,  doinj 
only  an  acre  or  two  for  my  cannery,  am 
they  will  be  late  and  may  yet  be  destroyed 
After  the  breaking  of  about  eight  week 
of  drought,  by  a  few  showers,  temporaril 
refreshing  and  invigorating,  there  seem 
now  to  be  setting  in  a  second  drought  am 
we  have  fears  for  our  corn  and  cotton 
The  early  corn  has  been  badly  damage* 
by  the  first  drought  through  May  and  June 
Now  the  cotton,  our  main  crop,  is  beginnini 
to  wilt.  w.  T.  B. 

Pocahontas,  Ark. 


The  farming  in  this  locality  is  of  the 
mixed  variety,  most  of  the  farmers  keeping 
hens,  turkeys,  geese,  pigs,  sheep  and  cows, 
also  raising  some  colts.  The  milk  is  sep¬ 
arated  and  cream  gathered  by  creamery 
teams  and  skimmed  milk  fed  to  calves  or 
pigs.  The  farms  are  more  or  less  stony, 
but  there  are  some  with  scarcely  a  stone 
on  them,  some  clay  and  some  sandy  or 
gravelly.  There  are  a  lot  of  oats  and  some 
barley  raised  for  grain,  while  corn  is  mostly 
put  into  silage.  There  is  also  some  lum¬ 


bering  done  and  maple  sugar  is  made  in 
large  quantities.  Tberw  are  some  orchards, 
but  I  don’t  know  of  much  spraying  being 
done.  There  are  good  pastures,  but  I  am 
afraid  that  paint-brush  will  spoil  a  lot  of 
them,  as  some  of  them  are  so  stony  that  it 
would  be  impossible  to  plow  them.  On 
some  farms  there  are  flews  that  are  as  red 
as  a  brick  this  year.  g.  h.  w. 

No.  Troy,  Vt. 

Ohio  Crops. — The  Ohio  Department  of 
Agriculture  gives  the  following  estimate  of 
conditions  in  that  state:  Wheat,  acreage  at 
harvest,  _1, 990, 727 — 84  per  cent ;  corn, 
2.  986,625  acres,  89  per  cent,  damage  by 
worms,  11  per  cent;  potatoes,  130,690 
acres,  78  per  cent ;  oats,  76 ;  rye,  86 ;  bar¬ 
ley,  88  per  cent.  Wheat  was  considerably 
injured  by  fly.  Drought  has  damaged  hay, 
oats  and  pastures.  Corn  is  spotted,  but 
much  improved  by  recent  rains. 

Fruit  Prospects  in  Iowa. — A  summary 
of  the  monthly  reports  on  the  condition  of 
the  fruit  crop  in  Iowa  for  July  is  as  fol¬ 
lows:  Summer  apples,  76  per  cent;  Fall 
apples,  72  per  cent;  Winter  apples,  65  per 
cent ;  pears,  51  per  cent ;  Americana  plums, 
61  per  cent;  Domestiea  plums.  53  per  cent; 
Japanese  plums,  37  per  cent ;  peaches,  12 
per  cent;  grapes,  85  per  cent;  red  raspber¬ 
ries,  45  per  cent ;  black  raspberries,  50  per 
cent;  blackberries,  65  per  cent;  currants, 
60  per  cent :  gooseberries,  61  of  a  full  crop. 
The  average  condition  of  the  crop  for  the 
month  is  55  per  cent,  a  decline  of  10  per 
cent  from  the  June  report.  Apples  are 
smooth  and  free  from  worms  and  scabs,  and 
a  larger  part  of  the  crop  will  be  marketable 
this  year  than  usual.  Apples,  peaches  and 
grapes  have  improved  in  condition  one  to 
two  per  cent  since  last  report,  but  berries 
and  vegetables  have  declined  10  to  50  per 
cent  under  the  intense  heat  and  drought. 
With  normal  weather  conditions  wc  may  ex¬ 
pect  a  good  crop  of  apples  and  grapes  this 
Fall.  WESLEY  GREENE. 

Des  Moines,  la. 


GOVERNMENT  CROP  REPORT. 

The  report  issued  July  10  shows  consider¬ 
able  damage  to  wheat,  corn  and  oats,  al¬ 
though  the  injury  to  corn  is  not  so  great 
as  anticipated,  recent  rains  having  improved 
the  situation.  Hay  will  be  about  two-thirds 
of  a  normal  crop,  and  oats  12  per  cent  under 
the  five-year  average.  The  following  per¬ 
centages  of  present  conditions  are  based  on  a 
normal  yield  :  Corn,  80.1  per  cent ;  Spring 
wheat,  73.8;  Winter  wheat,  76.8;  rye,  85; 
oats,  68.8 ;  barley,  72.1  ;  hay,  64.9.  The 
greatest  hot  weather  damage  appears  to  have 
been  in  the  Dakotas,  Nebraska.  Kansas  and 
Oklahoma.  Following  are  the  principal 
acreages:  Wheat,  52,124,000;  corn,  115,- 
939,000  :  oats.  35,250,000 ;  rye,  2,004,000 ; 
barley,  7,038.000. 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE. 

The  Utah  peach  crop  promises  to  exceed 
1,000  carloads  this  year. 

A  chunk  of  ambergris  valued  at  $150,000 
was  taken  from  a  whale  killed  off  British 
Columbia  last  week. 

The  Connecticut  peach  crop  is  expected 
to  be  about  350,000  baskets  this  year. 

Hay  and  oats  are  short  crops  in  the  Cen¬ 
tral  West,  and  pastures  have  suffered  se¬ 
verely  from  drought. 

The  hard  coal  output  for  June  amounted 
to  6,215,357  tons,  the  heaviest  quantity 
ever  mined  in  June.  The  Lehigh  Valley 
led  with  1,214,852  tons. 

Tomatoes  in  the  canning  sections  of 
Maryland  promise  to  be  about  half  a  normal 
crop. 

Thousands  of  cattle  have  died  from 
heat,  hunger  and  thirst  in  western  Texas 
recently. 

Wheat  and  hay  will  be  less  than  the 
average  in  Pennsylvania.  Fly  damage  is 
extensive  in  all  except  the  western  section 
of  the  State. 

There  are  242,107  miles  of  railroad  in 
the  United  States.  The  net  earnings  for 
1910  amounted  to  $2,804,580,939.  The  en¬ 
tire  capitalization  is  $18,890,850,293. 

Hot  Weather  Victims. — During  the  re¬ 
cent  excessively  hot  week,  948  horses  and 
3,617  cats  and  dogs  died  in  New  York  City. 
To  a  very  large  extent  the  horse  deaths 
were  due  to  overloading  or  mismanage¬ 
ment. 

A  neighbor  asked  me  to  buy  some  fire¬ 
works  for  him  in  New  York.  These  were 
bought  at  one  of  the  largest  places  just  off 
Broadway.  The  salesman  told  me  that  sales 
of  fireworks  were  decreasing  yearly.  While 
making  this  remark  he  calmly  lighted  his 
pipe  and  threw  the  match  on  the  floor.  For 
a  less  indiscretion  some  dealers  in  explo¬ 
sives  have  traded  their  business  for  fair¬ 
sized  excavations.  But  nothing  happened 
this  time.  Not  caring  to  take  part  in  any 
atmospheric  commotion  such  as  the  blowing 
up  of  a  powder  house,  I  shall  not  go  to 
that  store  again. 

Types  of  Commission  Men. — Great  quan¬ 
tities  of  farm  produce  are  handled  by  men 
with  very  little  capital.  They  have  learned 
the  business  in  large  houses  and  are  familiar 
with  both  distribution  and  soliciting  of  pro¬ 
duce.  After  a  few  years  of  such  apprentice¬ 
ship;  a  live  man  sees  the  possibilities  of 
profit  and  starts  for  himself  unless  the  firm 
sees  fit  to  take  him  in.  Some  large  houses 
have  been  seriously  injured  by  the  loss  of 
such  men,  who  controlled  much  more  trade 
than  was  thought.  Thus  equipped  with  am¬ 
bition  and  expert  knowledge  the  new  con¬ 
cern  may  easily  do  better  for  the  producer 
than  some  houses  with  extensive  capital, 
widely  known  as  competent  in  their  line. 
But  there  is  one  point  that  the  producer 
seldom  considers.  No  matter  how  honest  or 
well  meaning  the  new  man  may  be,  because 
of  the  lack  of  capital  and  the  steadying 
influence  of  an  old  business,  he  is  more  like¬ 
ly  to  take  risks  and  get  “swamped.”  Every 
year  men  of  this  type  go  through  bankrupt¬ 
cy  or  make  mutual  adjustments  with  credi¬ 
tors  at  considerably  under  the  100-cent 
basis.  No  dishonest  intent  is  shown,  but 
there  is  faulty  judgment  or  a  speculative 
plunge  that  proves  disastrous.  Many  far¬ 
mers  have  to  decide  between  the  new  con¬ 
cern  with  its  hustle  and  apparent  efficiency 
in  selling  goods  and  the  older  house  that 
may  at  times  be  too  conservative  for  the 
good  of  its  customers.  Granting  that  both 
are  honest  there  is  an  element  of  risk  worth 
considering  in  handing  over  your  goods  to 
the  first  man  who  does  not  have  the  steady¬ 
ing  influence  of  capital  and  established  busi¬ 
ness  reputation.  w.  w.  h. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
'‘square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

FHR  ^Al  F  —  REGISTERED  RAM BOUILLET 
run  OMLC  RAMS;  O.  I.  C.  SWIXK. 

C.  W .  HALLIDAY,  North  Chatham,  N.  Y. 


POLLIE  PUPS  from  Imported  Champion  blood;  real 
u  drivers;  strong,  farm-grown,  beautiful  pups;  $5 
each  and  up.  BR00KSI0E  FARMS.  Prospect,  Ohio. 

Fnr  S»I*»~200  s-  c-  WI,,TE  LEGHORN  Yearling  Hens, 

*  .  *"'“**'  thoroughbred  strain.  Good  layers 

and  m  a  healthy  condition,  $1.00  each.  Address 
J.  M.  WAY,  R.  F.  D.t  Hockessin,  Del. 


Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.,  -  Boston. 


SHIP  YOUR  CALVES  AND  POULTRY 

- TO - 

GEO.  OLIVER  &  COMPANY 

Established  1SSO 

COMMISSION  MERCHANT8 
WEST  WASHINGTON  MARKET,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 

PROMPT  RETURNS 


BALFOUR  BROS. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 

FANCY  LEGHORN  EGGS  A  SPECIALTY 
Butter,  Eggs,  Cheese,  Lard,  &c. 

Telephone  :  850-852  WASHINGTON  ST. 

Chelsea  5156  NEWYORK 


Apples— Peaches 

and  all  Fruits  and  Vegetables,  Fancy 
Eggs;  Hothouse  Products.  Top  prices 
secured  for  choice  products. 

Archdeacon  &  Co.,  100  Murray  St.,  New  York 

JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY. 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 


GEO.  P.  HAMMOND.  EST.  1875.  FRANK  W.  GODWIN 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  00., 

ries  Butter,  Eggs.  Cheese,  Poultry.  Mushrooms 
and  Hot-house  Products  a  Specialty.  Consignments 
solicited.  34  &  36  Little  lath  St..  New  York- 


ni. MASK  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Coni- 
r  mission  House  in  New  York.  lCst.  1838.  Butter. 
Eggs,  l’onitry ,  Pork,  Calves,  Hay,  Grain.  Beans, 
Appies.  etc.  K.  11.  woodward,  soe  G.eemvich  sl,  a.i, 

JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  COMPANY, 

Commission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York, 
Poultry,  Eggs,  Meats,  Produce.  Shipments  Solicited, 


Millf  Prodnuprc  tor  New  \  ork  City  market 
lUlln.  riuuuoerb  (lesiring  information  how  to 

form  branches  of  the  Dairymen's  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville.  N.  Y. 


Ff|R  ^  A I  C— If  you  want  the  best  farms  for  the 
1  uti  unLL  money,  send  for  onr  large froo  catalog. 
HALL’SFARM  AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.,  N.Y. 


IRfl  FarmQF0R  SALE  CHEAP.  i»  fertile 
IJU  I  Cl  I  III  O  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horaok  G.  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa. 


lerre  Haute  Veterinary  College 

A  complete  practical  course  in  Veterinary  Science. 

Write  today  for  catalogue  and  information. 
DR.  S.  V.  RAMSEY,  TERRE  HAUTE,  IND. 


YOUNG  MEN  WANTED  to  learn 
Veterinary  profession,  catalogue 
free.  Grand  Rapids  Veterinary 
College,  Dep.15,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  July  22,  1911. 
FARM  TOPICS. 


School  Teaching  or  Farming  on  Shares  766 

Seeding  Grass  in  Corn .  766 

Picking  Out  a  Farm .  766 

The  Short  Hay  Crop  in  New  York....  767 

Work  of  a  Gasoline  Engine .  767 

A  Long  Island  Alfalfa  Grower .  768 

Potatoes  Beat  Alfalfa  on  Long  Island.  768 

The  Facts  About  Florida .  769 

Hope  Farm  Notes .  770 

Diary  of  Farm  Work . 773 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

Two  Chautauqua  County  Cows .  776 

Milk  .  776 

Those  $45  Dairy  Cows .  776 

The  Massachusetts  Milk  Situation....  776 

The  Hen  Contest .  777 

The  Cat  and  the  Goslings .  777 

Picking  the  Culls .  777 

Ration  for  Dairy  Cows .  777 

HORTICULTURE. 

Congenial  and  Uncongenial  Stocks. 765,  766 

More  About  Galled  Trees .  766 

Various  Fruit  Questions .  767 

Work  in  Western  Apple  Orchards....  767 

Trouble  With  Maple  Trees .  76!) 

Care  of  Strawberry  Field .  769 

A  Talk  About  Roses .  771 

Wild  Apples  in  Chinese  Turkestan....  771 
Hickorynut  Trees  in  Pasture .  771 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day .  774 

Sweet  Cucumber  Pickles .  774 

The  Rural  Patterns .  774 

Lentil  Recipes .  774 

Ranch  Life  in  Wyoming .  775 

Baked  Ben  Davis .  775 

Four  Good  Recipes .  775 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

That  Lightning  Rod  Agent  Again .  766 

A  Drainage  Tax . 766 

Those  Albany  Farm  Statesmen .  768 

Leaking  Cement  Wall .  769 

Editorials .  772 

Other  People’s  Money .  773 

Events  of  the  Week .  773 

Publisher’s  Desk  . 779 


Too 


All-Fired  Hot 


Hitch  ;p  the  Team  and 
Hik>^  to  Town  for  a 

FULF5  R  &  JOHNSON 


Farm  Pump  Engine! 

Neighbor,  hitch  up  that  span  of  colts  and  strike  a  bee  line  for  town  to  get  a  Fuller  &  Johnson 
Farm  Pump  Engine— for  it’s  too  all-fired  hot  to  pump  water  for  your  stock  and  household  use  besides.  The 
windmill  is  taking  a  rest — no  wind — and  you  and  the  hired  man  are  pumping  water  under  a  scorching  sun,  while 
the  mercury  in  the  thermometer  fairly  sizzles!  Pumping  and  puffing  and  blowing  and  sweating  till  your  shirt  is 
wringing  wet — using  up  elbow  grease — losing  your  time  and  temper— all  because  you  have  put  off  getting  a  Farm  Pump 
Engine.  When  even  your  dog  is  panting  for  breath,  it’s  time  for  you  to  look  out  for  heat  prostration. 

The  burning  question  on  the  farm  is  :  “ How  to  get  water  when  the  windmill  is  idle  for  days  and  weeks  at  a 
stretch  ?"  The  Fuller  &Johnson  Farm  Pump  Engine  is  the 


It  settles  the  water  question  not  only  in  hot  weather, 
but  right  straight  through  the  year.  We  are  selling  these  wonder¬ 
ful  little  engines  by  the  thousands.  They  are  at  work  in  almost  every 
neighborhood  throughout  the  United  States  and  giving  the  greatest  pumping 
service  the  farmers  have  ever  known.  The  Farm  Pump  Engine  is  different  from 
any  engine  you  ever  saw  before.  A  complete  and  economical  Power  Pumping  Plant,  that  fits  any 
pump  and  makes  it  hump  for  less  than  a  cent  an  hour. 

Pumps  400  to  1,500  Gallons  Per  Hour 

on  Hottest,  Stillest  Summer  Days,  When  Windmills  Can  t  Turn  a  Wheel! 

Think  what  it  means  to  have  tanks  overflowing  with  pure,  cool  water  on  the  hottest  days, 
when  the  stock  is  crazy  with  thirst  and  there’s  not  a  breath  of  air  stirring  to  drive  the  windmill. 

Farmers  who  own  these  engines  are  carried  away  by  enthusiasm.  When  they  come  in  from 
the  fields — hot,  tired  and  sore  from  long  hours  of  work — they  never  need  to  wrestle  with  the  pump. 
They  simply  start  the  engine  and  the  water  comes  in  a  rush.  They  sit  on  the  cool,  shady  porch  and 
read  or  smoke  while  the  busy  little  engine  pumps  water  by  the  barrel. 

And  as  the  horses  and  cows  contentedly  drink  their  fill,  the ^I  arm  Pump  Engine  seems  to  say  : 
“Have  a  drink!  Have  a  drink!  Have  a  drink  on  me!” 


Local  Dealers  Are  Ready 
for  the  Big  Hot  Weather 
Rush  for  Engines! 

There’s  a  dealer  in  your  nearest  town  who 
sells  the  Farm  Pump  Engine.  We  will  send 
you  his  name  on  request.  Go  after  him  right 
now.  while  he  has  plenty  of  Farm  Pump 
Engines  in  stock. 

Each  engine  comes  carefully  packed  in  a 
crate,  with  everything  complete  except  the 
gasoline. 

Load  the  engine  in  the  wagon,  take  it 
home,  hitch  it  to  the  pump  and  fill  the  gaso¬ 
line  tank  and  you  will  have  oceans  of  water 
in  double-quick  time  without  the  slightest 
trouble. 


The  Engine  Runs  Other  Machines  While 

Pumping  Full  Blast! 


Engine  is  a  Big  Help  to  Farmer’s  Wife. 


Fits  Any 
Pump 
and 

Makes  It 
Hump! 

Patented  in  the  United 
States,  Canada  and  other 
foreign  countries.  Other 
patents  applied  for. 


Each  engine  has  special  pulleys  for 
running  various  light  machines  while 
pumping  at  full  pressure.  Runs  sepa¬ 
rators  and  seed  graders,  small  corn  shellers, 
grindstones,  water-pressure  systems,  cream 
separators,  churns,  icecream  freezers, 
clipping  machines,  milking  machines  and 
all  that  sort  of  thing. 

It's  easy  to  keep  Hired  Help  when  you 
own  a  Farm  Pump  Engine,  because  it 
does  so  many  chores  and  turns  hard  work 
into  play. 

NOTICE  TO  DEALERS! 

If  no  dealer  in  your  town  has  the  agency  for 
the  Farm  Pump  Engine,  get  your  application  in 
at  once.  This  is  the  fastest  selling  engine  in  the 
world.  Built  and  guaranteed  by  the  Fuller  & 
Johnson  Mfg.  Co.,  whose  Double-Efficiency 
Engines  are  leaders  in  every  State. 

Sold  only  through  established  Implement  and 
Hardware  Dealers. 


Rush  That  Coupon 

Now! 


The  Farm  Pump  Engine  takes  right  hold 
and  helps  the  farmer's  wife.  The  relief  it 
brings  her  from  the  drudgery  of  pumping 
is  alone  worth  ten  times  its  cost.  But,  in 
addition  to  this,  it  does  a  vast  amount  of 
other  work  for  her.  It  runs  the  washing 
machine  and  turns  the  wringer.  It  runs  the 
cream  separator.  It  does  the  churning.  Runs 
the  ice  cream  freezer  and  various  other 
machines.  It  is,  without  doubt,  the  greatest 
labor-saver  for  women  among  all  the  modern 
inventions. 

It  is  so  simple  and  safe  that  a  woman  or 
child  can  easily  run  it. 

A  “twist  of  the  wrist”  starts  or  stops  it.  So 
neat  that  a  man  in  Chicago  runs  it  right  in 
the  kitchen  to  pump  water  from  a  well  in  the 
basement. 


High  Grade  as  Best  Automobile  Engines 
Every  Engine  Fully  Guaranteed 

The  Farm  Pump  engine  is  of  the  vertical  type,  air-cooled,  like  best  automobile 
engines.  Complete  in  itself.  No  “extras”  to  buy— needs  no  belts,  no  arms,  no 
anchor  posts.  Important  working  parts  enclosed  in  oil-tight,  dust-proof  Crank 
Case.  Steel  Battery  Box.  Self-oiling,  self-governing.  Attaches  to  pump  by  four 
bolts — needs  no  special  platform.  Lifts  1,000  pounds  at  every  stroke — makes  31  to 
35  perfectly  even  strokes  per  minute.  Unlike  the  windmill,  which  starts  up  a 
jerky  motion  on  the  pump  with  every  gust  of  wind.  By  attaching  a  piece  of  ordin¬ 
ary  pipe  for  air-head,  will  throw  a  stream  of  water  through  a  long  lead  of  hose  a 
distance  of  60  feet.  Throws  water  higher  than  a  house,  giving  splendid  fire  pro¬ 
tection.  Invaluable  for  watering  gardens,  sprinkling  lawns,  flushing  stable  floors, 
washing  automobiles  and  buggies,  spraying  trees,  etc.  etc. 

Send  Your  Name  on  the  RUSH  COUPON  for 

Free  Engine  Books 

and  name  of  nearest  dealer  who  has  the  Farm  Pump  Engine  on  exhibition.  Don’t  put  off  writing, 
or  you  may  be  too  late  to  get  an  engine  this  season.  We  are  shipping  them  out  by  the  thousands. 
The  hot  weather  rush  for  pumping  engines  is  on.  Last  summer,  when  the  hot  wave  struck  the 

country,  the  big  demand  cleaned  up 
every  engine  we  had  and  left  hundreds 
of  orders  unfilled.  Although  we  have 
quadrupled  our  facilities,  the  same 
thing  may  happen  again,  for  the  Farm 
Pump  Engine  is  ten  times  better 
known  today  then  it  was  last  year. 


Fuller  &  Johnson  Mfg.  Co. 


Estab. 

1840 


Mail 
the 

Coupon 
Today 

7  Rowley  St.,  Madison,  Wis. 


i  RU“SH  "COUPON!] 

I 
I 
I 
i 
1 
1 
l 
I 


FULLER  &  JOHNSON  MFG.  CO. 

7  Rowley  Street,  Madison,  Wis. 

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I  1  Farm  Pump 
| _ |  Engines 


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^anaiii-iBniiiaiiiiiiiiiiiaiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiBiiiiiiiiBiiiiiiiiiiiiiiBUBiiiiiaiiiniiiajiiiiiiiaiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiaiiiiiiMiiiBiiBitaiiBiiiiiiiiiiiiirBiia  liilHlilliiiimiiiiiiilNiinniiiiniiiinininiiiiiiliilin 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4109.  NEW  YORK,  JULY  29,  1911.  weekly,  $i.oo  per  year 


“THE  LAND  OF  HEART’S  DELIGHT.” 

A  Sucker  in  Southwest  Texas. 

Part  I. 

I  have  lived  over  three  years  184  miles  south  of 
San  Antonio,  Texas,  in  the  famous  Artesian  belt 
country,  where  real-estate  agents  are  inducing  people 
from  all  over  the  United  States  and  parts  of  Canada 
to  buy  land.  The  inducements  to  secure  purchasers 
are  so  misleading  and  the  disappointments  so  griev¬ 
ous  in  many  instances,  that  the  actual  experience  ac¬ 
quired  by  over  three  years’  residence  in  this  so-called 
“Land  of  Heart’s  Delight”  ought  to  be  of  some  inter¬ 
est  to  anyone  contemplating  an  investment  in  this 
country.  I  was  raised  on  the  frontier  of  Iowa  and 
have  almost  all  my  life  kept  on  the  outskirts  of  civili¬ 
zation,  and  have  helped  to  develop  the  successes  and 
the  'failures  of  several 
new  countries.  At  the 
age  of  55,  being  badly 
afflicted  with  catarrh, 
living  in  a  high  altitude 
of  New  Mexico,  where 
the  cold  winds  during 
seven  months  of  the  year 
pinched  harder  and 
harder  as  I  grew  older, 
and  hearing  of  the  heal¬ 
ing  virtues  of  the  Gulf 
winds,  I  decided  to  move 
to  a  country  where  I 
would  not  be  obliged  to 
spend  all  I  made  in 
Summer  for  clothes  to 
wear  and  fuel  to  burn  in 
Winter. 

FIRST  APPEAR¬ 
ANCES.— My  wife  and 
I  arrived  in  Starr  Co., 

Tex.,  November  1,  1907, 
with  $5,000,  two  fairly; 
good  teams,  household 
goods  and  some  other 
property.  The  country 
had  had  a  fine  rain 
about  two  weeks  before, 
and  the  fields  certainly 
looked  lovely.  A  real 
estate  man  very  kindly 
got  interested  in  us,  pro¬ 
cured  a  two-seated  car¬ 
riage  and  proceeded  to 
show  us  around.  He 
showed  us  beautiful 
fields  of  snap  beans  just 
beginning  to  yield,  a  large  patch1  of  ripening  tomatoes, 
fields  of  cabbage  recently  transplanted  for  Winter 
cabbage,  large  seed  beds  of  the  famous  Bermuda 
onions,  to  be  transplanted  in  November  and  Decem¬ 
ber,  orange  trees  three  years  from  transplanting  with 
about  25  oranges  nearly  ripe  on  each  tree,  beautiful 
roses  in  bloom,  and  other  flowers.  We  visited  the 
flowing  wells,  some  of  which  were  flowing  nicely  and 
others  were  being  pumped  by  windmills  or  by  gasoline 
engines.  Several  of  these  had  fine  reservoirs  filled 
with  water,  some  of  which  covered  about  three  acres 
of  ground  and  had  many  varieties  of  wild  ducks  on 
them.  We  had  read  of  these  things,  and  that  the 
average  rainfall  here  was  about  36  inches,  and  after 
observing  the  vast  amount  of  mesquit  trees,  prickly 
pear  and  other  vegetation  growing  on  most  of  the  un¬ 
cleared  land,  we  concluded  that  it  must  be  true.  Wc 


saw  that  the  soil  seemed  very  rich  and  the  land  lay 
nearly  level,  just  sloping  enough  to  drain.  While  we 
were  enjoying  these  sights  the  gentleman  was  telling 
us  about  the  famous  crops  that  were  produced  here,  of 
Bermuda  onions,  cabbage,  beans,  watermelons,  sor¬ 
ghum,  and  other  crops,  and  especially  that  it  was  one 
of  the  finest  countries  for  cotton,  in  the  whole  United 
States.  He  also  told  us  of  the  great  advantage  of  the 
cheap  Mexican  labor,  to  do  the  truck  farming  and  to 
raise  and  pick  the  cotton.  He  did  not  forget  to  tell 
us  that  he  had  been  in  California,  in  the  orange  and 
vegetable  producing  localities,  where  land  was  worth 
several  hundred  dollars  per  acre  and  that,  in  his  opin¬ 
ion,  this  country  was  far  ahead  of  that.  Well,  the 
sights  that  we  saw  and  the  talk  that  we  heard  were* 
enough  to  deceive  “the  very  elect.” 

AN  UNLUCKY  SELECTION.— We  priced  various 


tracts  of  land  in  or  near  town,  selected  7j^  acres  in  the 
suburbs  and  bargained  for  it  at  $500.  It  was  all  in 
the  wild  state,  densely  covered  with  mesquite  timber, 
brush,  and  prickly  pear,  so  we  could  only  see  three 
sides  of  it.  The  agent  told  us  that  there  was  a  Mexi¬ 
can  buried  on  one  corner  of  it,  but  when  we  went  to 
look  at  the  place  we  found  10  or  12  graves,  and  a  few 
months  afterward  when  the  land  was  cleared  we 
found  two  graves  on  another  corner.  In  this  case  we 
got  more  than  we  bargained  for.  The  former  owner 
had  a  written  agreement  to  the  effect  that  as  soon  as 
the  cemetery  land  was  cleared  and  fenced,  he  would 
have  the  bodies  removed,  but  this  had  been  done  about 
a  year,  and  _still  they  were  there.  It  took  about  18 
months  to  get  this  done,  and  then  I  had  to  attend 
to  it  myself,  but  the  former  owner  paid  the  cash  ex¬ 
pense  of  the  removal.  We  selected  two  40-acre  tracts, 


on  our  first  day’s  inspection,  and  agreed  to  buy  them 
at  $52.50  per  acre.  This  land  had  had  the  timber  and 
the  brush  cut  and  piled,  the  grubbing  done,  and  there 
was  about  100  cords  of  wood  on  the  land  that  the 
agent  informed  us  was  worth  $2.50  per  cord,  but  in 
fact  was  not  worth  75  cents  per  cord.  We  deposited 
$2,000  in  the  bank  to  be  paid  as  first  payment  on  this 
land  as  soon  as  the  vendor  deposited  a  good  title  for 
us,  but  the  trade  was  to  be  consummated  in  30  days. 
Within  two  weeks  from  the  time  of  our  making  this 
contract,  there  was  a  financial  panic  on,  and  banks 
refusing  to  pay  drafts  most  everywhere.  We  had 
paid  for  our  7j4  acres,  and  on  this  we  intended  to 
make  our  home,  and  immediately  had  the  clearing 
begun  and  began  to  build  a  house.  We  began  to  be 
panicky  too  about  the  other  land  trade.  Like  the 
nigger’s  pups,  we  began  to  get  our  eyes  open.  We 

found  that  we  could  do 
nothing  without  a  well, 
and  that  would  cost 
about  $1,200,  and  it 
would  be  impossible  to 
improve  our  home  prop¬ 
erty  and  pay  for  those 
other  forties.  I  went  to 
the  agent  and  told  him 
that  the  money  panic  had 
changed  things  to  such 
an  extent,  that  we 
would  very  much  rather 
not  take  but  one  of  those 
forties  and  requested 
to  be  let  out  of  half  the 
contract.  Well,  he  just 
could  not,  as  it  would 
be  such  a  disappoint¬ 
ment  to  the  other  man 
selling  the  land,  and  he 
lived  in  California.  I 
did  not  sleep  very  well 
for  thinking  about  how 
badly  we  were  in  for  it., 
but  waited  patiently  for 
the  30  days  to  expire, 
and  the  next  day  after 
they  did  expire  I  anx¬ 
iously  asked  the  cashier 
if  the  title  had  been  de¬ 
posited  and  he  informed 
me  it  had  not.  Glory, 
but  I  was  happy !  I 
sent  for  the  real  estate 
men  who '  had  sold  us 
the  land  to  come  to  the 
bank,  and  gently  broke 
the  news  to  them,  that  as  the  title  was  not  there 
and  the  30  days  was  past,  I  did  not  have  to  take  the 
forties.  The  agent  who  had  done  the  trading  then 
wanted  me  to  take  one  40,  but  I  kindly  but  finally 
declined.  Those  forties  are  not  sold  yet. 

STILL  MORE  EXPERIENCE.— People  usually 
want  to  buy  all  the  land  they  think  they  can  pay 
for,  when  they  are  shown  around  and  listen  to  the 
agents’  talk  about  the  wonderful  products,  and  how 
soon  they  are  going  to  raise  the  price  of  land  $10 
per  acre,  but  if  they  would  just  take  the  time  to  hire 
a  team,  ride  around  the  country  and  talk  to  the  old 
settlers  who  are  not  in  the  land-selling  business,  they 
might  find  out  a  few  facts  upon  which  to  form  a  very 
different  opinion.  As  soon  as  I  got  moved  into  our 
house  I  began  to  look  for  a  well  driller  to  drill  for 
me,  for  I  was  hauling  water  a  mile  from  the  town 


IRRIGATING  THE  FARM  TEAM  DURING  “THE  HOT  WAVE.”  Fig.  292. 


782 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


well  and  paying  2^4  cents  per  barrel  for  it.  It  was 
about  three  months  before  I  got  one  to  work,  and 
about  the  first  of  May  he  got  the  well  finished  and  it 
flowed  from  five  to  eight  gallons  per  minute.  This 
amount  of  water  will  not  irrigate  to  do  any  good, 
especially  here  where  the  water  in  most  places  goes 
down  for  want  of  compact  subsoil  to  hold  it  near  the 
surface.  Then  the  ordering  of  a  gasoline  engine 
was  the  next  thing  to  do,  and  I  waited  two  months 
before  I  could  get  it. 

CLEARING  THE  LAND.— Soon  after  buying  the 
place  I  had  the  grubbing  contracted  to  a  Mexican  at 
$10  per  acre  for  cutting  the  timber,  grubbing,  and 
burning  the  brush.  I  paid  him  50  cents  per  cord  for 
the  wood  and  two  cents  for  each  post  saved.  The 
pear,  of  which  there  was  large  quantities,  was  piled 
on  the  brush,  and  when  the  piles  of  brush  were 
burned  the  pear  was  singed  and  roasted  and  about 
20  head  of  cattle  ate  all  they  could  of  it,  as  soon  as 
it  got  cool.  The  pear  that  the  cattle  did  not  eat  I 
hauled  and  piled,  and  when  it  died  and  was  sufficiently 
dry  we  burned  it.  As  I  wanted  the  land  for  truck 
farming,  I  had  it  raked  by  hand  and  the  trash 
burned.  I  was  told  that  beans  paid  well  and  grew 
with  but  little  rain.  I  plowed  and  pulverized  the  land 
thoroughly  and  planted  about  five  acres  in  beans,  that 
lay  in  the  ground  until  they  sprouted,  but  did  not 
have  moisture  enough  to  bring  them  up.  After  the 
first  planting  had  died  in  the  ground  there  came  a 
light  rain,  and  I  planted  again,  and  they  came  up  to 
a  fine  stand.  I  cultivated  them  nicely  and  they  grew 
and  bloomed  and  kept  on  blooming,  but  would  not  set 
any  beans.  Then  people  told  me  that  I  planted  too 
late  and  that  beans  and  most  everything  in  the  veget¬ 
able  and  grain  line  would  not  produce  seed  here  in  . 
Summer.  This  was  agricultural  failure  No.  1. 

A  VICTIM. 


LET  ’EM  ALONE !  GALLED  TREES. 

I  note  what  different  ones  say  in  regard  to  crown 
gall.  I  have  had  about  10  years  experience  studying 
and  fighting  it.  I  furnished  the  notes  to  the  botanist 
of  the  Arizona  Experiment  Station  at  Tucson,  Ari¬ 
zona,  who  issued  a  bulletin'  covering  this  subject. 
While  inspector  in  the  Salt  River  Valley  I  condemned 
all  stock  showing  in  the  least  signs  of  the  gall.  My 
advice  is  as  follows :  Have  nothing  to  do  with  stock 
that  you  even  suspicion  has  gall,  nor  accept  a  tree 
that  shows  carpenter  work  on  the  roots.  Just  as  well 
buy  a  cholera  hog.  There  is  trouble  enough  without 
buying  it.  Neither  would  I  deal  with  a  nurseryman 
who  sees  nothing  bad  in  the  gall.  He  either  does  not 
know  anything  about  the  disease,  or  misrepresents. 
The  peach  root  shows  the  least  resistance  to  gall,  fol¬ 
lowed  by  almond,  apricot,  fig,  apple  and  pear.  It  is  a 
contagious  disease,  the  mycelium  is  carried  by  water 
where  irrigation  is  in  vogue,  and  is  spread  by  cul¬ 
tivation,  and  where  soil  is  once  inoculated  it  is  al¬ 
most  impossible  to  grow  trees.  This  is  especially  true 
of  stone  fruit.  Trees  badly  affected,  under  favorable 
soil  conditions,  will  make  growth,  provided  there  is 
plenty  of  moisture.  To  see  the  devastation  caused  by 
this  disease,  in  the  deciduous  orchards  of  certain 
western  sections,  would  cause  anyone  to  hesitate  be¬ 
fore  buying  a  crown-gall  tree ;  even  the  “no  harm” 
man  would  try  to  hedge.  I  look  upon  this  disease  as 
it  affects  plant  life  as  the  white  plague  affects  the 
human  life.  There  is  much  I  might  write  concerning 
this  disease,  theories  advanced,  and  the  best  ways  to 
control  it,  etc.  I’ll  conclude  by  again  stating,  *Let  ’em 
alone.”  j.  e.  betti, er. 

Florida. 


THE  VALUE  OF  HEN  MANURE. 

It  was  with  great  interest  I  read  the  article  on  page 
734,  entitled  “Facts  About  Hen  Manure.”  Your  de¬ 
ductions  do  not  agree  with  mine  in  the  amount  per 
hen.  You  figure  1  1-3  ounces  per  hen  per  day,  while 
I  find  36^4  pounds  per  year,  or  1  3-5  ounces  per  day 
per  hen.  That  amount  is  obtained  seven  days  per 
week  from  White  Wyandottes,  but  Leghorns  will  not 
go  quite  so  high.  I  count  that  I  gather  two-thirds  of 
the  droppings  from  the  droppings  boards,  as  the  hens 
sit  on  the  roost  some  in  the  day  time  when  yarded 
like  ours.  You  admit  the  manure  worth  65  cents  per 
100  (according  to  experiment  station  figures),  and  I 
claimed  it  worth  $1  per  100,  but  you  say  nothing 
about  humus.  Now,  will  you  say  that  substance  is  not 
present?  I  understand  commercial  fertilizer  is  devoid 
of  it.  There  is  another  benefit  it  has  over  the  commer¬ 
cial  fertilizer.  It  will  leave  your  land  looser,  more  fri¬ 
able,  more  workable,  and  you  do  not  consider  that  at 
all.  If  you  have  heavy  land  that  is  a  big  item.  While  I 
admit  my  inability  to  discuss  this  subject  scientifically, 
I  can  judge  some  from  experience,  which  teaches  some, 
to  some  persons.  I  planted  three  rows  of  potatoes 


with  stable  manure  (all  horse  manure),  hen  manure, 
and  commercial  fertilizer.  While  the  one  with  fer¬ 
tilizer  started  the  best  and  quickest,  the  one  with  hen 
manure  soon  caught  up  and  passed  it,  and  at  end  of 
growing  season  was  at  least  one-third  larger  in  vines, 
or  tops,  and  fully  one-third  greater  yield,  and  the 
quality  was  double,  as  I  used  them  for  seed,  and  the 
others  were  not  fit  for  such  use.  Of  course,  critics 
may  claim  I  used  more  droppings,  but  I  worked  the 
three  rows  without  bias  in  favor  of  either,  and  in 
each  row  I  put  the  amount  my  judgment  deemed  right. 
Of  course  that  judgment  might  have  been  entirely 
wrong,  but  it  was  all  I  had,  and  the  same  one  worked 
on  all  three  rows.  Therefore,  it  was  the  same  as  the 
rule  you  learned  as  a  boy.  Multiplying  both  numer¬ 
ator  and  denominator  by  the  same  number  does  not 
alter  the  value  of  the  fraction.  However  far  apart 
our  deductions  are,  your  figures  do  not  change  my 
mind  in  the  least,  as  you  leave  out  two  benefits,  that 
cannot  possibly  be  given  fertilizer,  as  it  does  not 
possess  them,  I  will  admit  droppings  should  not  be 
used  everywhere,  but  can  be  used  heavily  on  nearly 
any  farm  crop.  I  will  also  admit  that  there  is  fully 
as  much  difference  in  the  value  of  hen  droppings  as 
there  is  in  commercial  fertilizer,  as  it  must  be  much 
better  when  fed  high  in  great  variety  of  feed,  including 
bone.  I  am  not  trying  to  belittle  commercial  fertilizer. 

I  use  some  beside  the  hen  manure,  but  with  fertilizer 


SPltAY  OF  ST.  REGIS  RASPBERRY.  Fig.  293. 

at  $40  per  ton  and  hen  manure  at  $20  a  ton,  I  believe 
I  will  gain  $10  on  purchase  of  the  fertilizer.  At  present 
time  I  am  gathering  70  pounds  per  day  of  it,  and  am 
simply  building  this  farm  up  with  it. 

New  Jersey.  w.  j.  dougan. 

R.  N.-Y. — Hen  manure  contains  about  as  much  or¬ 
ganic  matter  as  horse  manure  when  fresh.  We  must 
remember  that  hen  manure  is  more  likely  to  waste  and 
lose  its  nitrogen  than  the  refuse  from  any  other  farm 
animals.  Unless  it  is  properly  handled  it  will  not 
prove  so  valuable.  When  kept  right  it  is  no  doubt 
equal  to  most  $20  fertilizers. 

A  PHILOSOPHER  ON  PLAIN  LIVING. 

The  letter  of  E.  P.  F.  on  page  720  deserves  to  be 
well  and  widely  read.  It  emphasizes  Socrates’  wise  re¬ 
mark  of  “How  many  things  there  are  that  I  don’t 
want.”  Though  the  writer  is  a  little  under  my  mark 
in  cost  of  living,  the  difference  is  slight  and  may  be 
accounted  for  in  difference  of  conditions.  Like 
him  we  have  pancakes  for  breakfast  every  morning  of 
the  year,  the  composition  varying  from  whole  wheat  to 
oatmeal,  buckwheat,  etc.  We  eat  but  sparingly  of 
meat,  but  use  fruits,  preserves,  jelly,  and  other  light 
delicacies  raised  by  ourselves.  Our  dinner  consists  of 
either  stew,  soup,  hash,  or  some  other  preparation  of 
meat  with  abundance  of  vegetables  and  dessert;  for 


late  tea,  an  omelet,  pudding,  or  some  easily  digested 
farinaceous  food.  We  plead  guilty  to  the  charge  of 
drinking  tea,  coffee,  cocoa,  although  there  may  be  a 
reason  for  refraining,  but  in  this  as  in  other  matters, 
we  do  not  indulge  to  excess.  Moderation,  but  neither 
parsimony  nor  extravagance,  is  our  gospel.  No  hun¬ 
gry  person  is  ever  refused  food,  and  we  have  fed  at 
least  four  of  our  neighbor’s  cats  for  years  We  dress 
simply  but  comfortably.  Was  it  not  Beau  Brummel 
who  said  that  a  gentleman  might  be  known  by  the 
inconspicuousness  of  his  dress?  In  fairness,  I  should 
say  that  we  have  no  rent  to  pay,  and  there  are  only 
two  in  family,  which  I  take  to  be  rather  a  disadvan¬ 
tage,  as  it  is  so  hard  to  provide  variety  for  so  limited 
a  household.  We  keep  no  servant  and  hire  but  little 
labor.  Our  little  home  (13  rooms,  I  regret  to  say)  is 
only  five  acres  in  extent.  Was  it  not  Cato  who  said, 
Praise  large  farms,  but  cultivate  small  ones.”  I  do 
all  the  work  on  my  little  farm  (though  I  was  born  near 
the  quaternary  period  of  the  nineteenth  century)  and 
my  housewife  sedulously  and  diligently  attends  to  the 
domestic  department.  We  have  no  distinct  and  sep¬ 
arate  spheres  of  labor.  I  have*  no  objection  to  wipe 
the  dishes,  and  she  is  always  cheerfully  willing  to  as¬ 
sist  me  if  necessary.  In  early  life  I  was  in  business  in 
Europe  and  America,  but  never  faltered  in  my  deter¬ 
mination  to  be  independent,  and  such  I  am  in  religion, 
in  politics  and  in  sociology.  Money  is  not  my  ideal, 
vulgar  ostentation  I  despise,  and  although  I  do  not, 
with  Sydney  Smith,  urge  the  cultivation  of  learning  on 
a  mess  of  oatmeal,  I  have  never  forgotten  the  sound 
old  English  moral  that  “When  lands  and  money  all  are 
spent,  then  learning  is  most  excellent”  I  have  no  de¬ 
sire  to  convert  others  to  my  simple  life,  for  I  know 
that  the  masses  would  look  upon  it  with  contempt  and 
prefer  the  dirt,  the  noise,  and  even  the  vice  and  pov¬ 
erty  of  the  city.  w.  wiiaiams. 

Rhode  Island. 

PREPARING  SOD  FOR  WHEAT. 

I  have  a  three-acre  lot  which  I  want  to  sow  to  wheat 
this  Fall.  It  has  a  heavy  Blue  grass  sod,  is  stiff  red  clay 
soil  and  well  drained.  Which  would  be  the  best  way  to 
work  it  to  get  the  largest  yield?  What  kind  of  phosphate 
should  I  sow  and  how  much  ?  Would  it  be  a  good  plan 
to  lime  it  after  plowing?  u.  c.  d. 

Martinsburg,  W.  Va. 

Land  now  in  sod  to  be  sown  to  wheat  this  Fall 
should  be  broken  at  once  in  order  to  get  it  well 
settled  by  seeding  time.  Then  keep  the  Cutaway 
harrow  running,  and  get  the  surface  soil  into  as  fine 
a  condition  as  possible.  The  more  the  fallow  is 
tramped  and  harrowed  the  better.  Summer  fallowing 
is  a  good  preparation  for  wheat,  but  an  expensive 
one.  If  I  had  had  that  field  and  intended  to  put  it 
in  wheat  this  Fall  I  would  have  broken  it  well  in  the 
early  Spring  and  planted  it  to  corn.  Then  by  culti¬ 
vating  the  corn  shallow  and  level  I  would  have  had 
the  best  preparation  for  the  wheat,  and  by  cutting 
off  the  corn  and  shocking  to  cure  I  would  have  the 
land  pretty  well  cleared  for  the  wheat.  Then  the  soil 
being  well  settled  from  the  deep  Spring  plowing,  I 
would  not  replow  it,  but  would  use  the  disk  harrow 
to  make  the  surface  fine.  Summer  fallowing  of  a  sod 
has  been  largely  abandoned  because  of  the  expense, 
and  it  is  far  befter  to  have  a  hoed  crop  as  a  prepara¬ 
tion.  Another  method  that  you  could  have  practiced 
earlier  would  have  been  to  have  sown  cow  peas  on 
the  land  after  a  thorough  plowing  in  June,  using  a 
good  application  of  acid  phosphate  and  potash  on 
the  peas.  Then  you  could  have  cut  a  good  crop 
of  peavine  hay,  better  than  clover  hay,  and  could 
have  prepared  the  stubble  with  the  disk  for  wheat. 
But  at  this  date  the  only  thing  left  is  to  plow  the 
land  as  soon  as  practicable  and  then  get  it  into  the 
best  possible  fineness  and  compactness.  Then  in  seed¬ 
ing  I  would  apply  simply  125  pounds  of  acid  phos¬ 
phate  an  acre,  as  land  in  your  section  seldom  needs 
potash.  With  a  heavy  sod  turned  under,  a  coat  of 
lime,  well  harrowed  in  in  the  preparation  of  the  soil, 
will  certainly  do  no  harm,  and  may  do  good.  In  the 
Spring,  if  the  growth  does  not  seem  satisfactory,  you 
can  apply  75  pounds  an  acre  of  nitrate  of  soda  as 
the  wheat  starts  into  growth.  I  have  found  this  to 
act  very  well  where  the  straw  seems  to  be  promising 
to  be  too  short.  But  if  the  land  is  strong,  and  prom¬ 
ises  to  make  straw  enough,  the  nitrate  may  make  it 
too  heavy  and  cause  lodging.  w.  f.  massey. 


The  agricultural  colleges  will  be  obliged  to  take  up 
the  economic  or  political  side  of  farming.  President 
Gibbs,  of  New  Hampshire,  shows  that  while  the 
American  farmer  is  ahead  of  the  European  in  science 
and  art  of  production,  he  is  far  behind  in  economic 
buying  and  selling.  The  American  farmers  must  buy 
from  great  corporations  with  the  price  “fixed”  not  by 
himself  but  by  the  seller.  When  he  sells  the  other 
man  also  fixes  the  price,  which  is  the  lowest  possible. 
There  are  two  kinds  of  dollars — the  “honest  dollar” 
and  the  35-cent  dollar.  The  farmer  gets  the  latter— 
and  will  continue  to  take  it  until  his  friends  cease  to 
be  afraid  of  the  other  kind. 


1911. 

AN  ORDER  FOR  NURSERY  STOCK. 

We  give  the  particulars  regarding  the  .following 
case  in  order  that  the  facts  about  cancellation  of 
nursery  orders  may  be  brought  out.  The  following 
letter  came  to  us  about  May  1 : 

Last  Fall  I  ordered  some  fruit  trees  from  an  agent 
representing  the  Rice  Brothers’  nursery  of  Geneva,  N. 
Y.,  order  amounting  to  $15.  In  March  I  sold  my  place 

at  - ,  Mich.,  where  I  lived,  and  moved  to - , 

Mich.,  and  went  to  work  in  a  factory  and  rented  a 
house.  At  the  time  of  my  selling  I  notified  the  nursery 
company  that  I  sold,  and  would  not  be  able  to  use  the 
trees,  as  I  was  renting  a  house  and  did  not  own  any 
land,  and  asked  them  to  cancel  the  order.  I  heard 
nothing  from  them,  but  knew  they  got  the  letter,  as  it 
was  in  an  envelope  with  my  return  card  on.  A  short 
time  ago  I  got  word  from  the  agent  of  the  railroad  at 

- that  there  was  a  box  of  trees  there  for  me. 

I  could  not  use  them,  so  wrote  the  nurserymen  asking 
why  they  shipped  them  after  I  told  them  I  had  sold  out. 
They  wrote  back  to  send  the  money,  as  they  received 
such  letters  every  Spring  but  never  paid  any  attention 
to  them.  Must  I  pay  for  the  trees,  or  shall  I  stand 
them  a  suit?  Can  they  compel  me  to  pay  the  bill  under 
such  circumstances?  TEN  EYCK* 

Here  was  a  case  where  a  man  had  sold  his  land 
and  had  no  possible  use  for  the  trees.  Under  such 
circumstances  we  held  that  he  was  justified  in  can¬ 
celling  the  order  provided  he  notified  the  nurseryman 
in  time.  We  think  he  had  good  reason  for  doing  so. 
We  wrote  Rice  Bros,  to  this  effect,  stating  that  as 
Mr.  Ten  Eyck  had  sold  his  place  and  had  no  ground 
for  the  trees  it  was  neither  fair  nor  good  business 
policy  to  ignore  his  notice  of  cancellation  and  attempt 
to  scare  him  into  payment.  In  reply  we  received  a 
curt  letter  stating  that  Rice  Bros,  paid  no  attention  to 
such  cancellations.  They  said  they  had  100  letters 
stating  that  the  buyer  could  not  handle  the  trees, 
but  they  never  noticed 
them,  sent  the  stock  and  P 
the  people  “paid  for  it.” 

If  we  understand  these 
gentlemen  their  policy  is 
to  pick  up  orders 
through  agents.  Then, 
no  matter  what  the; 
circumstances  of  the 
farmer  or  gardener  may 
be,  they  pay  no  attention 
to  his  letters,  but  ship 
him  the  goods  expecting 
to  bluff  or  scare  him  into 
paying  for  them.  That 
seems  to  be  the  general 
policy  of  nursery  houses 
who  make  a  feature  of 
these  small  orders 
through  agents.  They 
understand  human  na¬ 
ture,  and  realize  that 
nine  out  of  10  people 
can  be  bluffed  into  pay¬ 
ing  for  stuff  they  do  not 
need  through  threat  of  a 
lawsuit  or  some  sort  o'- 
forcible  collection.  There 

are  many  cases  where  the  buyer  ’is  fully  justified  in 
cancelling  the  order.  Mr.  Ten  Eyck  had  good  and 
sufficient  reason  for  doing  so,  and  it  would  seem  as 
if  an  honorable  nursery  firm  which  cared  anything 
for  its  reputation  would  accept  his  cancellation  under 
such  circumstances.  We’  know  dozens  of  honorable 
nurserymen  who  would  do  so.  But  Rice  Bros,  seem 
to  have  a  different  policy.  They  “pay  no  attention” 
to  a  man’s  wants  or  needs,  but  when  they  once  get 
hold  of  him  their  plan  seems  to  be  to  force  him  to  the 
limit.  This  is  one  of  the  great  objections  to  buying- 
nursery  stock  from  irresponsible  tree  agents. 

In  the  case  now  under  consideration  it  finally  ap¬ 
peared  that  Mr.  Ten  Eyck  took  the  bluff,  as  many 
people  do,  and  thought  he  was  obliged  to  take  the 
trees.  The  stock  was  in  poor  condition.  Mr.  Ten 
Eyck  had  no  use  for  them,  but  it  seems  that  he  tried 
to  get  what  he  could  by  selling  them  even  at  half  price. 
No  one  would  take  them,  so  they  were  finally  turned 
over  to  the  man  who  had  bought  the  home  place.  We 
find  that  this  is  part  of  the  game  figured  out  by  the 
nurserymen — to  get  the  customer  on  one  pretext  or 
another  to  accept  the  stock.  Then  they  have  him. 
When  we  found  that  Mr.  Ten  Eyck  had  virtually 
accepted  the  trees  we  advised  him  to  pay  the  bill, 
and  he  did  so.  He  should  not  have  touched  them 
under  the  circumstances.  Our  advice  is  to  avoid 
making  contracts  with  tree  agents  unless  you  know 
them  personally  to  be  reliable  and  responsible.  Do 
not  hunt  for  small  and  petty  reasons  for  refusing  such 
stock — do  not  sign  for  it  in  the  first  place.  If  you 
find  yourself  in  the  position  of  Mr.  Ten  Eyck,  with 
no  place  to  put  the  trees,  cancel  the  order  at  once, 
register  the  letter  and  keep  the  receipt  for  it.  Also 
notify  the  agent  in  the  same  manner.  Then  do  not 
touch  the  trees ;  refuse  to  be  bluffed  into  taking  them. 


THE  RUKA  NEW-YORKER 

A  REVIEW  OF  “CLARK  GRASS  CULTURE.” 

Last  week  we  spoke  of  the  Clark  system  of  grass 
culture.  For  the  past  dozen  years  demands  have 
come  annually  for  a  description  of  this  system. 
Briefly  stated,  this  plan  was  followed  by  the  late 
Geo.  M.  Clark,  of  Connecticut.  He  started  with  old 
meadows  or  old  pastures  which  had  been  overrun  by 
weeds,  berry  bushes  and  the  growth  which  usually 
comes  into  neglected  fields.  His  plan  was  to  develop 
permanent  meadows  which  would  give  heavy  yields 
of  grass  and  continue  to  do  so  for  many  years.  He 
tried  the  original  plan  of  seeding  small  quantities  of 
grass  seed  with  grain,  like  wheat  or  rye  in  the  Fall 
or  oats  in  the  Spring.  Such  meadows  were  not  per¬ 
manent.  They  might  give  a  fair  yield  of  grass  for  a 
few  years,  but  then  they  ran  out.  Mr.  Clark  con¬ 
cluded  that  the  so-called  nurse  crop  of  grain  was  a 
detriment  rather  than  a  help  to  the  grass  by  thinning 
it  out  and  preventing  a  full  stand.  He  reasoned  that 
a  meadow  ought  to  be  as  thickly  seeded  as  a  lawn, 
and  then  with  heavy  feeding  there  was  no  reason  why 
a  meadow  should  not  continue  to  produce  good  grass 
as  long  as  a  good  lawn  does.  He  therefore  dis¬ 
carded  the  nurse  crop  of  grain,  and  after  exact  ex¬ 
periment  decided  upon  a  plan  which  may  be  analyzed 
as  follows :  A  thorough  preparation  of  the  soil  to 
kill  out  all  weed  growth  and  give  a  perfect  seed  bed, 
perfect  grade,  the  land  made  level  with  a  gentle  slope, 
so  that  no  water  can  stand  in  puddles  or  depressions ; 
heavy  seeding  of  grass,  four  or  five  times  as  much 
seed  as  the  average  farmer  used,  and  this  seed  evenly 
distributed  all  over  the  field ;  heavy  feeding  with 


TEXAS  WHITE-FACED  YEARLINGS  FATTENED  IN  OHIO.  Fig.  294.  (See  page  792.) 


783 

ing  harrow  and  scraper.  With  this  the  soil  was  made 
into  the  condition  of  an  ash  heap,  and  thoroughly 
graded,  until  it  presented  about  the  surface  required 
for  a  lawn.  Clark  reasoned  that  the  best  time  for 
sowing  grass  seed  was  in  late  August  or  early  Sep¬ 
tember.  Instead  of  using  four  or  six  quarts  of 
Timothy  to  the  acre,  as  many  farmers  do,  he  used  24 
quarts  each  of  Timothy  and  Red-top  seed.  This 

seed  was  put  on  by  hand.  The  seeders  worked  both 

ways,  so  as  to  get  a  perfect  stand.  The  idea  in 

using  the  Red-top  was  that  this  slender  grass  will 
grow  in  between  the  Timothy,  help  fill  out  the  space 
and  add  at  least  one  ton  to  the  acre  of  good  hay, 
which  could  not  be  obtained  with  Timothy  alone. 

The  advice  was  to  seed  if  possible  just  before  a 
gentle  rain,  and  the  seed  was  covered  with  a  weeder 
or  a  brush  drag.  At  the  time  of  seeding  or  just  be¬ 
fore,  800  pounds  per  acre  of  a  high-grade  fertilizer 
was  used.  Clark  used  a  special  mixture  made  by  the 
Rogers  &  Hubbard  Company.  Probably  a  fair  dupli¬ 
cate  of  this  fertilizer  could  be  obtained  by  using  100 
pounds  nitrate  of  soda,  100  pounds  of  potash  and 
300  pounds  of  a  very  fine  ground  bone.  This  fertilizer 
was  applied  with  the  grain  and  harrowed  in,  and  after 
this  preparation  the  grass  was  left  alone.  As  a  rule 
the  first  crop  after  this  heavy  seeding  gave  a  short 
and  very  thick  fine  growth  of  grass  and  those  who 
went  to  the  great  expense  of  labor  and  money  in  an 
effort  to  imitate  Clark  were  usually  disappointed  in 
the  first  crop.  It  improved,  however,  rapidly  with 
each  year.  Clark’s  advice  was  to  use  800  pounds  of 
this  fertilizer  annually,  part  in  the  Fall  and  part  in  the 

Spring.  We  went  to 
Clark’s  hay  field  several 
times,  saw  the  grass 
growing,  saw  it  cut  and 
put  into  the  barn,  and 
there  is  no  question 
whatever  about  the  fact 
that  he  got  year  after 
year  from  five  to  seven 
tons  of  hay  per  acre.  A 
thorough  preparation  of 
the  soil  made  the  crop 
like  a  lawn.  The  heavy 
fertilizing  kept  the  grass 
growing  vigorously  and 
made  the  meadow  per¬ 
manent.  In  walking  over 
the  field  it  was  difficult 
to  find  a  place  as  large 
as  the  palm  of  the  hand 
that  did  not  have  grass 
growing  upon  it.  As 
everyone  knows,  a  mea¬ 
dow  seeded  with  gram 
in  the  ordinary  way  has 
many  of  these  bare  spots. 
It  is  practically  impos¬ 
sible  to  reseed  them 


high  grade  chemical  fertilizers  every  year  and  the  ap-  without  plowing  and  refitting  the  entire  field.  We 

plication  of  lime  at  intervals  to  prevent  souring  of  give  Clark’s  method  in  some  detail.  The  average 

the  ground.  Mr.  Clark  usually  started  operations  farmer  with  only  one  team,  and  that  one  driven  to 
with  some  old  sod,  tough  and  full  of  weeds.  His  the  limit  during  late  Summer,  cannot  hope  to  dupli- 
plan  was  about  as  follows :  Plow  the  old  sod  early  cate  his  methods  on  a  large  scale.  In  fact  few  farm- 
in  the  Spring,  fit  the  ground  thoroughly  and  seed  to  ers  can  hope  to  do  so.  The  principles,  however,  un¬ 
oats  with  a  good  dressing  of  chemicals.  Cut  the  oats  derlying  his  practice  are  sound,  and  their  lesson  is 

for  hay  before  they  have  a  chance  to  harden  into  to  give  as  thorough  culture  as  is  possible  to  grass 

grain.  Plowing  in  the  Spring  and  sowing  the  oats  fields,  to  fit  the  soil  as  well  as  possible  and  do  our 

help  to  subdue  the  sod  at  a  greater  profit  than  when  best  to  grade  it,  to  use  increased  quantities  of  seed 

the  soil  had  been  merely  plowed  and  tilled  through  and  use  an  abundance  of  fertilizer  or  manure.  The 

the  Summer.  As  soon  as  the  oats  were  off  the  stubble  question  of  seeding  with  grain  or  seeding  alone  is 

was  thoroughly  worked  up.  Clark  opposed  the  use  still  an  open  one.  Personally  we  get  better  results 
of  a  turning  plow  for  this  purpose.  He  claimed  that  by  seeding  alone,  but  reports  from  many  parts  of 
the  plow  turned  the  furrow  over,  and  with  it  rub-  the  country  indicate  that  a  nurse  crop  is  more 


bish,  weed  seed  and  weed  roots.  It  would  only  be  a 
question  of  time  with  such  plowing  before  this  foul 
stuff  would  grow  and  cover  the  ground  again.  He 
therefore  followed  the  reverse  of  this  plowing,  using 
a  Cutaway  disk,  now  familiar  to  most  of  our  readers. 


profitable.  That  will  have  to  be  left  to  the  judgment, 
of  the  individual. 


Both  Australasia  and  Great  Britain  have  what  are 
called  “minimum  wage  boards”  to  deal  with  “subnor- 
This  tool  carries  steel  disks  shaped  somewhat  like  a  industries.  ’  A  subnormal  industry  is  one  which 

dinner  plate  with  the  edges  cut  out  so  as  to  make  regularly  and  permanently  produces  wholesale  pover- 


saw-like  teeth.  When  heavily  weighted  down  and 
hauled  over  the  sod  these  teeth  chop  and  turn  the 
soil  up;  instead  of  turning  it  directly  over  the  Cuta¬ 
way  chops  and  tosses  it  to  the  surface.  The  weeds 
and  plants  in  the  old  sod  are  thus  turned  up  and 
exposed  to  the  air. 

Clark  started  this  work  about  the  middle  of  July. 

His  plan  was  to  work  the  soil  first  one  way  and  then 
another,  and  then  diagonally  again  and  again,  tossing 
up  the  soil  and  exposing  it  to  the  air.  The  object 
of  this  was  to  kill  out  the  old  sod  thoroughly.  He 
usually  worked  the  soil  this  way  16  or  20  times,  de¬ 
pending-  on  the  weather.  In  the  latter  part  of 
August  he  began  with  other  tools,  such  as  a  smooth-  a  job. 


ty  by  the  poor  wages  it  pays.  The  National  Con¬ 
sumers’  League  is  now  working  for  the  establishment 
of  minimum  wage  boards  in  this  country,  enumer¬ 
ating,  among  “subnormal  industries”  which  call  for 
inquiry,  retail  stores,  the  needle  trades  and  the  cotton 
mill  industry.  The  cotton  trade  is  said  to  fall  below 
all  others  in  chronic  poverty  and  its  resultant  miseries. 


Let's  make  sure  of  the  best  we  raise  for  our  pwn  table 
anyway.  Do  not  live  ou  culls  and  give  the  middlemen  65 
cents  on  the  dollar  for  the  best. 

You  remember  that  on  page  738  we  had  a  note  about 
firing  a  hired  man  and  another  from  a  man  out  of  a  job. 
Well,  that  hired  man  got  his  in  shprt  order  and  nearly  a 
dozen  farmers  have  come  after  the  couple  who  are  out  of 


784 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[  Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
name  and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure 
attention.  Before  asking  a  question,  please  see 
whether  it  is  not  answered  in  our  advertising 
columns.  Ask  only  a  few  questions  at  one  time. 
Pat  questions  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper.! 


Mixing  Varieties  of  Fruit, 

You  told  H.  C.  T.  of  Saratoga  the  fact 
that  the  Bubach  is  not  a  self-fertilizer.  I 
planted  Bubach  and  two  other  varieties 
of  imperfect  varieties  and  tried  for  two 
years  with  same  success  as  H.  C.  T.  I  did 
not  know  enough  to  detect  the  cause  until 
one  of  my  neighbors  told  me ;  then  I  took 
out  evefy  third  row  and  set  in  the  old 
Wilson  variety,  and  grew  a  fine  crop.  Since 
then  I  have  no  trouble  to  pick  out  the  per¬ 
fect  or  imperfect  blossoms.  I  don’t  think 
any  berry  will  bear  as  well  set  alone ;  even 
the  Dunlap  will  bear  better  and  the  late 
blossoms  will  produce  fruit  if  a  pollenizer 
is  set  with  it.  The  same  with  apples ; 
never  set  more  than  four  rows  of  one  va¬ 
riety,  then  two  of  another ;  they  will  bear 
more  apples  and  better  apples.  I  know  it 
is  so  after  40  years  growing  apples  and 
berries ;  plums  and  pears  the  same.  Mix 
your  varieties.  Try  to  get  the  best  varie¬ 
ties,  and  such  as  are  adapted  to  your  lo¬ 
cality  ;  visit  your  experiment  station  and 
attend  the  horticultural  meetings,  and  ask 
lots  of  questions  and  avoid  such  mistakes. 
That  is  how  I  learned  to  do  better. 
Boughten  wit  is  the  best  if  not  too  dear. 
We  are  all  apt  to  get  a  dose  and  profit  by 
it.  All  horticulturists  are  willing  and  anx¬ 
ious  to  tell  their  neighbors  all  they  know. 
Everyone  who  sells  strawberry  plants  should 
inform  the  purchaser  of  the  necessity  of 
planting  pollenizers  so  as  to  avoid  'new 
beginners  making  the  mistake.  I  never 
forgot  the  man  who  sold  me  the  plants, 
or  bought  any  more  from  him. 

Illinois.  S.  G.  SOVERHILL. 

R.  N.-Y. — There  are  two  sides  to  this.  A 
man  once  came  to  see  our  berries  and  great¬ 
ly  admired  President.  It  is  an  imperfect 
variety,  but  had  been  fertilized  by  Marshall, 
and  the.  berries  were  like  red  apples.  This 
man  wanted  plants.  We  tried  to  tell  him 
that  the  variety  would  fail  if  planted  alone, 
but  his  reply  was,  “Do  you  expect  me  to 
believe  such  rot?  You  are  afraid  I  will  get 
your  trade!”  So  we  let  him  have  the 
plants  and  he  set  them  alone.  There  was 
no  berry  larger  than  a  button.  That  man 
was  a  sport.  He  came  back  cheerfully  and 
said,  “You  were  right.  It  is  on  me.  Take 
my  order  for  more  plants  and  mix  them 
as  they  need !” 


The  Cost  of  Harvesting  Hay. 

I  cut  over  90  acres  of  flat  land  in  Mon- 
x'oe  county  to  get  40  tons  of  good  hay  re¬ 
cently,  and  record  the  cost  for  future  ref¬ 
erence.  The  work  began  June  26,  1911, 
with  four  men,  three  horses,  a  mower, 
wagon  and  rack  and  horse  rake.  The  strip 
of  land  was  80  x-ods  wide,  200  rods  long; 
all  but  10  acres  of  this  piece  was  in  hay. 
The  barn  was  at  west  end  of  the  strip  and 
had  hay  foi-k  in  good  order  put  in  barn 
about  30  years  ago.  This  hay  went  less 
than  one-half  ton  per  acre,  and  while  the 
quality  was  fine  and  good  the  quantity  was 
shortened  by  lack  of  rain  in  April,  May  and 
June.  The  hay  was  drawn  to  barn  thi-ough 
lane  in  center  of  the  strip  and  some  of  the 
hay  was  drawn  190  i-ods  from  the  east  end 
of  the  strip,  while  some  of  the  hay  was  in 
fields  near  the  barn.  The  work  was  done 
in  14  days  at  a  cost  of  $3  per  ton.  The 
men  cooked  for  themselves  and  supplied 
their  own  board  and  lived  in  small  house  on 
the  farm,  the  owner  going  to  the  farm  once 
each  week.  One  of  the  men  had  $4  each 
day  for  his  work  and  furnished  mower, 
horses,  wagon  and  all  implements.  The 
other  three  men  had  $2  each  day.  The 
land  was  vei'.v  fiat  and  level  and  stone§ 
well  picked  off,  so  the  mower  cut  over  the 
piece  without  a  bi-eakdown.  The  weather 
was  fine  with  no  rain,  but  four  days  were 
very  hot  with  thermometer  at  times  over 
100  degrees  in  the  shade.  I  do  not  quite 
see  how  hay  can  be  harvested  for  $1  per 
ton,  but  presume  these  men  could  have 
been  hurried  some  if  owner  had  been  with 
them  at  work.  We  do  not  claim  this  recoi'd 
of  work  the  best  but  leave  the  getting  of 
better  x'esults  to  better  farmers  who  can 
get  more  work  for  less  money.  c.  B. 

It.  N.-Y. — Suppose  that  hay  had  run  one 
ton  or  more  per  ac*e.  It  would  have  cost 
no  more  to  cut  it  or  rake  it  and  compai-a- 
tively  little  more  to  handle  it,  while  the  cost 
per  ton  would  have  been  cut  down. 


Hoeing  Potatoes  While  Wet. 

A  neighbor  had  a  patch  of  potatoes  in 
his  garden  of  the  Early  Ohio  variety.  He 
commenced  hoeing  them  early  in  the  morn¬ 
ing  when  the  vines  were  wet  with  dew  (we 
didn’t  have  rain  enough  here  in  June  to 
wet  potato  vines),  but  was  called  to  his 
office  befox-e  he  completed  the  job.  Those 
that  were  hoed  dried  out  entirely,  while 
those  that  were  not  hoed  lived.  Will  it 
kill  or  injure  potato  vines  to  hoe  them 
when  the  gi'ound  is  very  dry  and  the  vines 
wet  with  dew?  I  know  that  it  is  not  ad¬ 
visable  to  hoe  beans  when  they  are  wet 
with  dew  or  rain,  but  I  never  knew  that  it 
would  kill  or  injure  potatoes  to  hoe  them 
in  that  condition.  N.  B.  m. 

Itonceverte,  W.  Va. 

There  is  a  prevalent  opinion  that  no 
plants  should  be  cultivated  when  wet  with 
dew  or  rain.  The  only  crop  that  I  have 
found  to  resent  handling  seriously  when  wet 
is  celery.  The  celery  plants  will  certainly 
be  damaged  and  the  leaves  turn  yellow  and 
rusty  if  handled  when  wet.  I  have  never 
hesitated  to  cultivate  potatoes  when  wet 
with  dew,  and  have  never  seen  any  damage 
done  from  so  doing.  I  think  that  the  dam¬ 
age  referred  to  was  probably  due  more  to 
damage  to  the  roots  by  too  deep  hoeing.  All 
kinds  of  rust  or  blight  to  foliage  are  the 
result  of  disease  germs  which  flourish  under 
certain  conditions,  and  in  some  plants  it 


July  29, 


would  seem  that  they  are  spread  more  read¬ 
ily  by  handling  when  -wet.  With  no  disease 
present  I  cannot  see  that  the  shaking  off  of 
dew  or  x'ain  could  have  a  bad  effect  on  the 
leaves  of  any  plant.  .If  the  operator  had 
simply  gone  through  and  stirred  the  dust 
blanket  with  a  rake  I  do  not  believe  that 
there  would  have  been  any  damage  done. 
Very  many  inexperienced  gardenei-s  think 
that  in  hoeing  it  is  necessary  to  dig  the 
soil  deeply.  I  have  a  little  implement  with 
five  teeth,  like  a  spring-tooth  harrow  with  a 
rake  handle.  I  go  through  ail  my  vegetables 
with  this,  using  it  as  I  would  a  x'ake,  and 
it  is  so  efficient  and  easy  to  use  that  I 
have  not  had  my  wheel  hand  cultivator  out 
of  the  barn  this  season. 

W.  F.  MASSEY. 


That  Florida  Strawberry  Story. 

On  page  644  John  Spiers,  under  the  head¬ 
ing  “A  Florida  Strawberry  Stox-y,”  says, 
“We  have  a  strawberry  bed  *  *  116  feet 
by  five  feet,  plants  in  hills  18  inches  apart, 
a  little  over  2,000  plants ;  to  be  exact,  2,380 
plants.”  What  puzzles  me  is  how  Mr. 
Spiel's  gets  “2,380  plants”  on  a  piece  of 
ground  “116  feet  by  five  feet.”  I  have  ex¬ 
ceeded  this  yield,  but  plant  in  larger  pieces 
of  ground  than  he  names,  here  in  Michi¬ 
gan,  on  the  hill  system  ;  the  price  he  gets 
per  quart  is  nearly  what  we  get  per  crate, 
but  that  cuts  no  figui'e,  for  according  to 
the  late  Peter  Henderson,  the  New  Y’ork 
hothouse  gaidener  sometimes  get  as  high 
as  $6  per  quart  for  Winter  strawberries, 
so  outside  of  the  plants  he  can  get  on  an 
area  of  “116  feet  by  five  feet”  the  story 
could  be  staged  anywhere. 

Michigan.  d.  h.  cristophel. 

In  giving  dimensions  of  strawberry  bed 
you  omitted  the  figure  4 ;  the  space  was 
116  by  45  feet.  When  we  have  done  pick¬ 
ing  berries  you  can  hand  out  the  full  story. 
June  16  we  left  off  picking  (still  have  blos¬ 
soms  and  berries),  picked  911%  quarts.  If 
I  had  a  record  of  berries  taken  and  damaged 
by  birds  and  bugs  I  am  sure  we  could 
count  920  quarts,  maybe  more.  Again,  every 
quart  was  filled  above  level,  many  quarts 
handed  out  piled  up  with  berries  as  many 
as  could  be  packed  on,  and  visitors  got 
many  handfuls.  I  am  confident  if  every 
quart  had  been  filled  as  quarts  ai-e  are  re¬ 
tailed  we  would  have  had  1,000  quarts.  Al¬ 
though  I  gave  the  prices  we  do  not  crow 
oyer  prices ;  it’s  the  yield  from  the  small 
piece  of  Florida  sand.  llow  many  expert 
strawberry  growers  can  beat  it? 

Florida.  john  spiers. 

R.  N.-Y. — As  we  figure  it,  Mr.  Spiers  had 
5,220  square  feet,  or  about  12  per  cent  of 
an  acre. 


Some  Strawberry  Questions. 

“I  had  to  set  in  an  unfertilized  (stable 
manure)  ground.  What  can  I  do  outside 
of  regular  hoeing  and  cultivating  to  help 
them  along  now  ?” 

You  can  use  fertilizer  along  the  rows  or 
around  the  plants.  One  of  the  ready-made 
fruit  and  vine  mixtures  will  answer,  or  the 
following:  One  part  nitrate  of  soda,  three 
parts  fine  ground  bone,  one  part  sulphate 
of  potash.  Use  at  the  rate  of  600  pounds 
per  acre. 

“Is  it  worth  while  to  keep  up  an  old 
bed,  one  year’s  fruiting?  Could  one  work 
it  on  hill  system,  with  old  plants  or  run¬ 
ners?  If  you  matted  rows,  would  you  keep 
runners,  layer  them  and  turn  under  old 
plants,  or  better,  transplant  in  August  when 
wet?” 

It  will  depend  on  how  weedy  the  bed  is. 
If  full  of  grass  it  is  doubtful  if  cleaning  up 
will  pay.  \Tou  can  take  a  small,  sharp 
plow  and  plow  out  a  narrow  strip  of  plants 
at  the  center  of  the  row.  Cultivate  the 
plowed  part  smooth  and  then  with  a  sharp 
hoe  cut  out  the  plants  on  the  strip  so  as 
to  leave  them  in  hills.  Let  a  few  plants 
root.  Cut  others  off. 

“I  want  a  sti'awberry  that  will  fruit 
early  and  last  anyhow  with  fair  or  good 
yield  until  July  15-31.  What  variety  can 
I  get?  I  also  want  to  plant  1,000  plants 
this  Fall  and  1,000  in  Spring,  good  varie¬ 
ties,  two  or  three  kinds.  Would  you  say 
Senator  Dunlap,  Highland  and  Glen  Mary 
or  perhaps  Fendall?” 

You  cannot  hope  for  any  such  variety. 
We  have  had  had  Marshall  give  fruit  for  21 
days,  but  the  last  were  quite  poor.  This  is 
asking  too  much  for  any  vai-iety.  You 
should  have  at  least  five  kinds — -running 
from  Michel’s  Early  to  Gandy  to  cover  any 
such  space. 


WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL  PRICES. 

I  will  endeavor  to  tell  you  prices  of  some 
fruits  and  vegetables  on  the  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  markets. 

Wholesale  Retail 


Cherries  . 2.00  2.75  bus. 

Raspberries,  R..  3.50  4.00  bus. 
Raspberries,  Bl..  2.50  3.50  bus. 
Blackberries  .  . .  2.50  3.50  bus. 

Currants  .  2.25  3.00  bus. 

G.  II.  Cukes....  40c  60c  doz. 
G.  H.  Tomatoes  8c  10c  lb. 

Wax  beans .  50c  75c  bus. 

Beets  . bunches  15c  doz. 

Carrots  . 12%c  15c  doz. 

Lettuce  leaf. .  15  lb.  box  50c  1.00 
Lettuce  head .  .  24  hd  box  35c  60c 
Radishes  ...10c  doz.  bunches 


10c  15c  qt. 
14c  16c  qt. 
10c  15c  qt. 
10c  15c  qt. 
10c  qt. 
5c  6c  ea. 
10c  15c  lb. 

5c  qt. 
2c  3c  bunch 
2c  3c  bunch 
7c  10c  lb. 
3c  7c  ea. 
2c  3c  bunch 


The  market  changes  on  these  articles 
from  day  to  day  especialy  now  during  hot 
and  dry  weather.  h.  h.  r. 

Cleveland,  O. 

I  do  not  think  the  difference  is  so  great 
here,  as  the  large  street  market  which  is 
held  here  twice  a  week  no  doubt  tends  to 
keep  prices  lower.  These  are  the  prices  of 
produce  selling  now : 


Wholesale.  Retail. 

Potatoes,  barrel,  $4.00 . bushel,  $2.00 

Beets,  dozen,  35  cents . bunch,  .05 

Spinach,  bushel,  40  cents . peck,  .20 

Radish,  dozen  bunches,  20  cents — 

,  dozen  bunches,  .30 

Tomatoes,  pound,  6  cents . pound,  .10 

Onions,  bushel,  $1.00 . peck  40 

Celery,  dozen,  30  cents . stalky  !o5 

Head  lettuce,  dozen,  35  cents.. head,  .05 

Berries,  red,  10  cents . 14 

Berries,  black,  8  cents .  ,V2 

String  beans,  bushel,  60  cents ...  peck,  ‘.25 
Peas,  bushel,  $1.25 . peck,  .60 

This  is  about  all  that  is  moving  now. 
Severe  drought  here.  '  s.  j.  c. 


Dunkirk,  N.  Y. 


Is  Asparagus  Poisonous? 

I  have  lately  heard  that  asparagus  lias 
a  poison,  and  that  when  eaten  too  freely 
it  affects  the  kidneys  and  di-ies  up  the 
blood.  I  am  very  fond  of  this  vegetable, 
and  use  a  bunch  on  my  table  daily  during 
the  season,  and  have  found  the  asparagus 
soup  good  for  indigestion.  j.  g. 

New  York. 

Keep  right  on  using  aspaiagus  all  you 
can.  The  U.  S.  Dispensatory  states  : 

“There  is  at  present  no  sufficient  reason 
for  believing  that  asparagus  is  of  value  in 
practical  medicine,  nc1-  is  it  more  than  con¬ 
jecture  that  it  has  an  effect  upon  the  heart 
or  is  actively  diuretic  as  has  been  alleged.” 

It  is  not  likely  that  any  of  our  vegetables 
have  any  particular  medicinal  effect,  though 
a  concentrated  extract  from  them  might  be 
used  as  medicine.  Vegetables  are  “healthy” 
food  and  ought  to  be  used  freely. 


“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 


Clod  Crusher  and  Roller  Leads  them  All.  Send  for  circulars. 
THE  PETERSON  MFG.  CO..' 135  RIVER  ST.,  KENT,  OHIO 


WANTFfl-Mariied  man  with  sma11  family  to 
TV  nil  I  LU  take  charge  of  modern  poultry  plant. 
Good  location,  and  everything  first-class.  Refer¬ 
ences  l-equired.  Address  “X.  Y.  Z.,”  Care  R.  N.-Y. 


2000  Acres  In  Nurseries-:,1 0  Valuable  Farms  For  Sale, 
\ —  .  _  Harrison  s  Nurseries,  Berlin,  Md. 


CABKAPE  PLANTS  of  nil  kinds,  $1  per  1000;  Tomato  mid  Sweet 
Potato  Plants,  $1.60  per  1000;  Cauliflower  and  Peppers, $2. 50 
per  1000.  Plants  ready  for  field.  J.  C.  Schmidt,  Bristol,  Pa. 


FAR  QAI  F~C0W  H0RN  TURM,P>  Z5c  lh  Vetch, 

rUn  OnLL  Crimson  Clover  and  Rape  at 
Market.  SIEGEL  THE  SEEDMAN,  Erie,  Pa. 


APPI  F  TRFF^-AU  kinds  Trees  and  Plants 
rtt  HUik«  'Prices  reasonable.  Salesmen 
Wanted.  Mitchell’s  Nursery,  .Beverly.  Ohio 


ALFALFA  SOIL  FOR  INOCULATION 

.  ,  .  Send  for  Prices  and  Circular  .  .  . 

E.  T.  GILL,  Haddon  Farms,  Haddonfield,  N.  J. 


INOCULATED  ALFALFA  SOIL 

75  cents  per  hundred,  $10.00  per  ton.  F.  O.  B.  Ash- 
ville,  Pa.  Send  for  FREE  booklet  "  How  to  Grow 
Alfalfa.”  Dr.  H.  SOMERVILLE,  Chest  Springs, 
Cambria  County,  Pa. 


FRUIT  TREES 

We  are  ready  to  take  orders  for  Fall  Delivery 

for  BLACK’S  QUALITY  TREES. 

.  .  .  Send  for  Booklet  .  .  . 

JOS.  H.  BLACK,  SON  &  CO..  HIGHTSTOWN,  N.  J. 

ALFALFA 

All  Northern  grown,  guaranteed  to  be  99  percent 
pure  and  free  from  dodder.  Write  for  free  sample 
on  which  we  invite  you  to  get  Government  tests. 
This  seed  should  produce  hay  at  $60  per  acrej  an¬ 
nually.  Free  Instructions  on  growing. 

GRAIN  AND  GRASS  SEED 

Northern  grown  and  of  .strongest  vitality.  We 
handle  export  grade  only  and  can  furnish  grass 
mixture  suitable  for  any  soils.  Write  for  catalog. 

WING  SEED  CO.,  Box  223  Mechanicsburg,  O. 


(CONSULTING  SPECIALIST  in  soil  improve- 
v>*  ment,  crop  growing,  dairy  husbandry  and  gene¬ 
ral  farm  management.  L.  W.  LIGHTY,  East  Berlin,  Pa. 

COLLIE  PUPS  !  Sire,  a  son  of  ”Ch.  Squire  of  Tyt- 
ton.”  Males,  $7;  females,  open  or  spayed,  $5. 
Ciaxvernook  Fxxuit  Farm,  Chanibei-sburg,  Pa. 


Spring  dill  Yorkshires-r'J."wf»"Tsi,t1 

sows  for  sale.  Quality  and  prices  riglit.  CHAS. 
H.  EMKNS,  Spring  H ill  Farm,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


IRfl  FarmQFOR  SA,jE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
IUU  I  □  I  III O  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horace  G.  Rkei>eu,  Newtown,  Pa. 

A  YOUNG  MAN  (23)  WANTS  POSITION  ON  POTLTRY  FARM. 

Has  six  years  business  experience.  Understands 
bookkeeping;  responsible  references. 

"M.  care  The  RukaIj  New-Yorker. 


FINE 

TRUCK FARM 

/^VWING  to  business  interests  which 
compel  a  residence  in  another  State, 
I  offer  for  sale  my  high-class  truck  and 
dairy  farm,  including  all  buildings, 
cattle,  machinery,  farming  implements, 
silo  equipment,  etc.,  complete.  Prop¬ 
erty  130  acres  excellent  land  located  on 
fine  water-front,  with  private  landing  in 
heart  of  Norfolk  County  trucking  and 
farming  district.  Mild  and  delightful 
climate  year  round.  Close  proximity  to 
130,000  population. 

•  Price  $15,000 — Terms  easy. 
-ADDRESS- 

OWNER,  P.  0.  Bex  243,  Portsmouth,  Va. 


CRIMSON  GLOVER 


The  great  soil  improver.  Valuable  also  for 
early  green  food,  grazing  and  hay  crops. 
Special  circular  free;  also  sample  and  price 
of  seed  on  request. 

HENRY  A.  DREER 
714  Chestnut  Street,  Philadelphia 


A  PROTECTOR  OF  ALL  THE  AMERICAN  PEOPLE 

DR*  HA.RVEY  W.  WILEY,  Chief  Chemist  of  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  is 
probably  best  known  to  the  general  public  through  his  splendid  service  to  the  Nation  in  securing  the 
passage  of  the  Pure  Food  Law  and  in  fighting  for  its  enforcement.  However,  the  farmers  of  the 
country  ought  to  know  that  Dr.  Wiley  has  been  working  for  them  in  other  important  ways. 


He  has  secured  the  passage  of  a  law  for  the  inspection  and 
analysis  of  insecticides,  thus  preventing  the  adulteration  of 
these  materials  that  have  come  to  be  indispensable  to  successful 
farming. 

For  years  he  has  been  Secretary  of  the  Association  of  Official 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station  Chemists  and  has  been  at  all 
times  the  life  and  soul  of  this  organization.  He  has  introduced 


and  secured  the  adoption  of  the  best  methods  for  analyzing 
soils,  fertilizers  and  all  kinds  of  agricultural  products. 

Especially  valuable  has  been  Dr.  Wiley’s  work  in  prevent¬ 
ing  the  sale  of  inferior,  adulterated  or  misbranded  fertilizers. 
The  Coe-Mortimer  Company  is  in  thorough  sympathy  with 
his  efforts  to  have  the  fertilizer  business  conducted  honestly  in 
every  detail. 


On  July  15th  The  Coe-Mortimer  Company  sent  the  following  telegram  to  President  Taft: 

TO  THE  PRESIDENT,  White  House,  Washington,  D.  C. 

IVe  sincerely  hope  that  your  sense  of  justice  and  your  knowledge  of  Dr,  Harvey  W. 

Wiley's  great  service  to  the  American  people  will  lead  to  his  retention  in  his  present  office 
that  he  fills  so  efficiently  and  incorruptibly.  r##£  COE-MORTIMER  COMPANY 

E.  Frank  Coe  Fertilizers  and  Peruvian  Brands  are  manufactured  with  strict  regard  for  high  quality  and  honesty  in  composition 
and  in  branding.  I  he  same  regard  for  high  quality  is  observed  in  connection  with  Genuine  Thomas  Phosphate  Powder  (Key- 
Tree  Brand)  and  all  agricultural  chemicals  sold  by  The  Coe-Mortimer  Company,  and  this  company  takes  this  opportunity  to 
endorse  the  efforts  of  Dr.  Wiley  and  other  honest  and  fearless  men  who  are  striving  to  enforce  proper  inspection  and  supervision. 

THE  COE-MORTIMER  COMPANY  VwToTZT.T 


1911. 


785 


C  TREES  HURT  BY  KINDNESS. 

II.  L.  M.,  New  York. — On  my  farm  in 
Bergen  County,  N.  J.,  during  the  first  week 
in  April  I  set  out  350  peach  trees.  The 
stock  arrived  in  good  condition ;  it  was 
strong  and  fine  in  every  way.  They  were 
set  promptly  on  arrival,  cut  back  to  a 
whip  of  about  three  feet.  They  started  to 
grow  promptly  and  made  new  growth  of 
from  three  to  six  inches,  branching  out 
nicely.  I  notice  many  of  the  trees  are 
now  apparently  dying,  the  new  growth  turn¬ 
ing  light  in  color  and  withering  up.  Can 
you  explain  to  me  the  reason  for  the  trees 
dying  in  this  way?  The  ground  was  well 
prepared  and  in  fine  condition  :  it  lies  high  ; 
not  wet ;  ideal  soil  and  drainage  for 
peaches.  As  soon  as  these  trees  were  set 
out  1  put  around  each  tree  two  pounds  of 
nitrate  of  soda  and  four  pounds  of  Thomas 
phosphate  powder  and  this  was  worked  into 
the  soil,  shallow  depth. 

Ans. — The  trees  might  have  been 
frozen  after  starting  to  bud  out,  or 
they  may  have  been  diseased,  but  we 
think  they  were  killed  by  kindness.  You 
used  too  much  fertilizer  on  these  little 
trees,  and  very  likely  it  was  put  up  close 
to  them.  We  rarely  fertilize  our  young 
trees  immediately  after  planting,  but 
wait  until  they  are  well  rooted  in  the 
soil.  Six  pounds  of  strong  fertilizer  to 
a  tree  is  too  much  for  the  little  fellows. 

Engine  Power  and  Fuel. 

IF.  S.  II.,  Cashiers,  N.  C. — How  would  it 
be  possible  to  ascertain  the  horse-power  of 
a  certain  engine?  A  man  has  a  steam  en¬ 
gine  which  he  wishes  to  sell  for  $200  but 
cannot  tell  what  the  power  is.  Has  been 
using  it  for  running  a  shingle  mill.  It  ran 
a  silage  cutter  with  14-foot  elevator 
easily  last  Summer.  What  as  to  the  com¬ 
parative  advantages  of  steam  and  gaso¬ 
line?  I  have  plenty  of  wood  for  the  cut¬ 
ting  and  hauling.  Gasoline  must  be  hauled 
20  miles,  besides  freight  charges.. 

Ans. — A  judgment,  fairly  approxi¬ 
mate,  of  the  horse-power  of  the  engine 
may  be  obtained  by  applying  the  rule 
used  by  engineers  for  such  purposes. 
This  is:  Multiply  the  boiler  pressure 
by  the  length  of  the  stroke  in  inches,  by 
the  square  of  the  diameter  of  the  cylin¬ 
der  in  inches,  and  by  the  number  of 
revolutions  per  minute,  and  this  pro¬ 
duct  by  18,  dividing  the  result  by  10,- 
000,000.  To  illustrate:  Suppose  the 
boiler  pressure  is  120  pounds,  the  length 
of  stroke  of  the  piston  nine  inches,  the 
diameter  of  the  cylinder  seven  inches 
and  the  number  of  revolutions  per  min¬ 
ute  240.  Applying  the  rule,  we  should 
have  120  x  9  x  (7  x  7)  x  240  x  18 
-4-  10,000,000  =  22.9  horsepower.  It  is 
not  possible  to  give  advice  regarding  the 
comparative  suitability  of  gasoline  and 
steam  without  knowing  the  use  to  which 
the  engine  is  put  and  the  horsepower  to 
be  developed.  If  it  is  for  general  farm 
purposes  and  steam  is  not  desired  for 
cleaning  purposes  in  a  dairy,  a  gasoline 
engine  is  likely  to  be  more  satisfactory. 

F.  H.  KING. 


When  to  Kill  Timber. 

I  have  quite  a  number  of  small  trees 
from  two  to  five  inches  that  I  want  to-  cut 
down.  Would  you  advise  cutting  them  in 
the  dark  of  the  moon  in  August  so  they 
will  not  sprout  again?  I  am  told  that 
the  stumps  will  decay  very  rapidly  if  cut 
at  that  time.  What  would  you  suggest? 

Madisonville,  O.  j.  a.  s. 

We  would  pay  no  attention  to  the  condi¬ 
tion  of  the  moon.  Late  in  August  is  the 
best  time  to  cut  trees  and  brush  if  you 
wish  to  kill  them.  At  this  time  they  have 
made  their  season’s  growth.  Left  to  them¬ 
selves  they  would  attempt  to  recover  before 
Winter  and  store  up  plant  food  and  energy 
in  their  roots  to  carry  them  safely  through 
Winter.  If  you  cut  off  the  tops  at  this  time 
nature  forces  the  tree  or  hush  to  send  up 
a  new  top.  This  is  made  at  the  expense  of 
the  roots  and  Winter  finds  them  too  much 
exhausted  to  recover.  They  usually  die, 
while  had  they  been  left  alone  or  cut 
earlier  they  would  have  gone  safely  through. 
That  is  the  theory  of  cutting  brush,  briers 
or  trees  in  late  Summer  in  order  to  kill 
them — and  it  usually  works  out.  The  con¬ 
dition  of  the  moon  has  no  influence  upon 
the  trees.  It  may  indicate  a  good  season 
to  do  the  work. 


Untwisting  a  Rope. — If  you  will  drag  a 
new  hay  rope  through  the  wet,  dewy  grass 
some  morning  for  15  or  20  minutes  you  will 
not  be  troubled  any  with  the  rope  kinking 
up  if  you  don’t  drive  the  team  across  the 
rope  in  turning  around.  This  works  suc¬ 
cessfully  with  me  and  is  the  best  remedy 
•I’ve  found  so  far.  is.  l.  l. 


THE  Ki:  RAL  NEW-YORKER 


A  FEW  INSECTS. 

The  Corn  Stalk-borer. 

I  found  several  worms  like  specimen 
sent,  inside  of  cornstalk  (growing)  gener¬ 
ally  up  where  tassel  or  flower  was  about  to 
emerge.  They  seem  to  be  ravenous  eaters. 
Leaves  appeared  to  have  had  holes  gnawed 
in  them.  What  is  it?  How  may  it  be 
checked,  if  necessary?  G.  E.  M. 

Dalton,  N.  Y. 

The  caterpillar  sent  by  you  as  injuring 
corn  is  probably  the  stalk-borer.  It  is  found 
on  a  great  variety  of  plants,  especially  gar¬ 
den  plants.  It  is  rather  unusual  for  it  to 
attack  corn,  although  instances  are  recorded 
where  it  has  destroyed  large  fields  of  corn. 
Normally,  it  works  in  ragweed  and  bur¬ 
dock.  but  when  these  weeds  are  bordering  a 
cornfield  or  garden  the  insects  are  liable  to 
become  so  abundant  that  they  leave  their 
weed  food  plant  and  go  to  the  cultivated 
plants.  Probably  some  such  thing  has  hap¬ 
pened  in  this  case. 

It  is  exceedingly  difficult  to  control  be¬ 
cause  it  bores  down  the  inside  of  the  stalk, 
and  I  have  no  suggestions  to  make  concern¬ 
ing  it  at  this  stage  when  it  is  present  in  con¬ 
siderable  numbers  in  a  cornfield.  The  only 
way  to  stop  it  would  be  to  dig  out  each 
“worm.”  We  can,  however,  do  something 
toward  future  control.  The  corn  should 
all  be  cut,  whether  worth  it  or  not,  for 
fodder,  in  the  Fall,  and  fed  out  or  de¬ 
stroyed.  The  ragweeds,  burdocks  and  other 
weeds  bordering  the  fields  or  in  the  vicinity 
should  be  cut  at  once  and  destroyed  just  as 
far  as  possible.  The  land  on  which  the  corn 
is  growing  should  be  plowed  in  the  Fall  and 
the  stubble  buried  as  deeply  as  possible.  If 
it  is  possible,  the  stubble  of  the  cut  weeds 
should  be  turned  under  deeply  or  burned, 
because  the  moths  that  come  out  this  Sum¬ 
mer  will  lay  their  eggs  on  them  if  left. 
This  is  an  insect  for  which  an  ounce  of 
prevention  is  worth  many  pounds  of  cure. 

GLEN  W.  HERRICK. 

“Blister  Beetle”;  Old-fashioned  Potato  Bug. 

I  send  a  sample  of  a  beetle  which  is  de- 
troying  my  white  rose  bushes.  What  is  it, 
and  what  can  I  do  for  it?  j.  r. 

The  insects  eating  the  rose  bushes  are  a 
species  of  "blister-beetle.”  They  are  called 
“blister-beetles”  because  their  bodies  con¬ 
tain  the  substance,  “cantharidin,”  which 
has  the  peculiar  property  of  causing  blisters 
on  the  human  skin.  The  species  of  “blis¬ 
ter-beetle”  most  commonly  used  in  medicine 
comes  from  Spain  and  is  therefore  known  as 
"Spanish  flies.”  Before  the  Colorado  potato 
beetle  came  East  from  the  Rockies  our 
fields  of  potatoes  were  often  injured  by  a 
species  of  "blister-beetle”  with  yellowish 
stripes  on  its  wing-covers.  This  beetle  is 
still  known  as  the  old-fashioned  potato 
beetle,  and  occasionally  injures  potatoes  yet. 
Other  species  of  blister-beetles  often  come 
in  swarms  and  devour  rose  bushes,  Asters 
and  other  plants.  Sometimes  they  disap¬ 
pear  suddenly,  but  often  they  linger  for 
several  days  and  cause  serious  injury.  The 
one  referred  to  in  the  letter  often  remains 
several  days  and  works  havoc  with  the  food 
plants  it  attacks.  There  is  one  redeeming 
feature  of  these  blister-beetles,  and  that  is 
that  their  young  live  upon  and  destroy  the 
eggs  of  grasshoppers. 

Because  of  the  fact  that  these  insects 
come  in  great  swarms  and  remain  only  a 
few  days  they  are  hard  to  control.  It  is 
difficult  to  kill  them  quick  enough  to  stop 
their  ravages.  They  will  often  be  gone  be¬ 
fore  one  rfas  time  to  apply  a  poison.  On 
rose  bushes  or  other  lawn  plants  or  flowers 
the  beetles  can  often  be  hand  picked  and 
killed  to  the  best  advantage.  In  some  cases 
it  would  be  advisable  to  spray  the  infested 
plants  with  a  strong  mixture  of  arsenate  of 
lead,  say  three  or  3 y2  pounds  to  50  gallons 
or  water.  It  has  been  shown  in  the  case 
of  the  rose  chafer  beetle  that  if  10  or  12 
pounds  of  confectioners’  glucose  or  two 
quarts  of  molasses  are  added  to  the  50  gal¬ 
lons  of  mixture  the  beetles  will  more  readily 
eat  the  poison.  It  might  be  of  advantage  to 
sweeten  the  poison  mixture  for  the  blister 
beetles  to  make  it  more  attractive  and  thus 
Induce  the  beetles  to  eat  more  of  the  ar¬ 
senate.  If  the  beetles  can  be  made  to  eat 
enough  of  the  poison  during  the  first  24 
hours  of  their  presence  they  will  be  killed 
before  doing  much  damage. 

GLENN  W.  HERRICK. 

The  Web  Spinner. 

What  spins  the  webs  which  appear  on 
the  grass  and  earth  at  infrequent  intervals, 
and  are  supposed  to  be  a  sign  of  rain?  How 
do  these  web  spinners  get  a  living  when 
the  webs  do  not  appear  on  the  grass? 

New  York.  c.  w.  h. 

There  is  in  the  family  of  spiders,  known 
as  the  funnel-web  weavers,  one  species,  at 
least,  the  funnel-web  grass  spider,  that 
spins  its  curious  and  interesting  webs  all 
over  the  short  grass,  especially  in  pastures, 
along  the  roadsides,  unfrequented  lawns, 
etc.  The  webs  are  most  ingenious  struc¬ 
tures,  and  remarkably  well  suited  to  the 
habits  and  life  of  this  little  spider.  Each 
web  serves  both  as  a  house  for  the  spider 
and  as  a  trap  in  which  to  catch  its  prey. 
The  part  of  the  web  most  conspicuous  is  a 
wide  sheet  of  silk  spread  out  on  the  grass, 
but  slightly  concave  on  the  upper  surface 
like  an  inviting  hammock.  From  the  rear 
end  of  this  sheet  a  funnel-shaped  tube  runs 
back  down  among  the  bases  of  the  grass 
stems.  At  the  mouth  of  the  tube  where  it 
opens  on  the  sheet  of  silk,  the  little  bright¬ 
eyed  householder  sits  patiently,  ready  with 
its  long  legs  and  eager  jaws,  to  pounce  upon 
any  unwary  fly  or  other  insect  that  may 
be  so  foolish  as  to  alight  upon  the  wide- 
sproading  silken  hammock.  If  too  large  an 
insect  should  happen  to  blunder  on  the 
sheet  the  spider  will  exercise  its  discretion 
and  quickly  retreat  through  its  back  door 
down  the  tube  among  the  grass  stems  out 
of  the  way  of  the  unwelcome  intruder. 


The  eggs  of  this  interesting  spider  are 
laid  in  August  and  September  in  a  flat 
cocoon  in  some  sheltered  place.  Here  they 
lie  until  late  Winter,  when  the  young 
spiders  batch,  and  in  the  Spring  begin  to 
spin  their  webs  over  the  fields.  The  webs 
are  often  too  transparent  to  be  seen  until 
covered  with  dew  or  moisture.  We  may 
awake  on  a  dewy  morning  to  find  the  fields 
covered  with  these  glistening  webs  as 
though  they  had  sprung  into  existence  at 
the  wave  of  a  fairy’s  wand,  when,  in  real¬ 
ity,  they  had  been  there  before,  but  be¬ 
yond  our  poor  vision  Thus  we  must  con¬ 
clude  that  the  sudden  appearing  of  these 
webs  has  no  direct  connection  with  the 
presaging  of  rain.  They  only  show  that 
there  has  been  a  heavy  dew,  and  heavy 
dews  are  usually  said  to  be  indications  of  a 
drought.  It  is  quite  probable  that  these 
abundant  inhabitants  of  our  fields  benefit 
us  in  a  much  more  substantial  manner  than 
by  prognosticating  the  weather.  They  un¬ 
doubtedly  destroy  hundreds  of  insects  that 
if  left  alive  would  cause  much  injury  to 
grasses  and  similar  plants. 

GLENN  W.  HERRICK. 


A  Sucker  Among  Real  Estate  Agents. 

In  1910  I  bought  a  five-acre  farm,  on  the 
installment  plan,  in  New  Jersey,  from  a 
firm  of  real  estate  agents.  At  the  time  the 
climate  and  bracing  air  appealed  to  me, 
and.  without  making  sufficient  inquiry,  I 
built  a  small  house  and  made  other  improve¬ 
ments  on  the  place  which  cost  me  approxi¬ 
mately  one  thousand  dollars.  After  mov¬ 
ing  my  family  down  there  I  made  the  fol¬ 
lowing  discoveries :  The  land  is  full  of 
oak  stumps,  which  cost  about  $60  per  acre 
to  remove,  and  after  this  Is  done,  the  land 
is  almost  valueless  for  cultivation,  as  it 
contains  no  plant  food  and  is  nothing  more 
than  a  sand  bank.  The  mosquitoes  in 
Summer  make  it  practically  impossible  to 
stay  on  the  place  with  any  degree  of  com¬ 
fort.  I  found  out  also  that  the  land  is 
assessed  at  $10  per  acre,  whereas  the  five 
acres  had  been  sold  to  me  for  $650,  on 
which  I  have  already  paid  about  $90.  Of 
course  I  was  swindled.  Is  there  any  way 
in  which  I  can  compel  the  real  estate  firm 
to  give  me  title  to  the  place,  as  I  have 
already  paid  them  all  that  the  land  is 
really  worth?  victim. 

It  depends  on  what  you  signed  in  the 
form  of  a  contract.  The  chances  are  that 
you  are  tied  up  so  that  you  cannot  get 
your  money  back.  If  you  agreed  to  pay 
$650  and  have  paid  only  $90  you  cannot 
compel  the  agents  to  give  you  a  clear  title 
unless  you  can  prove  fraud  and  deceptlcfh. 
You  may  do  this  if  you  have  letters  or 
statements  from  them  .which  have  been 
proved  false  or  misleading.  They  may  set¬ 
tle  with  you  to  avoid  publicity.  But  why 
-  in  the  world  should  a  reader  of  The  R. 
N.-Y.  get  into  any  such  scrape?  We  have 
exposed  such  schemes  a  dozen,  times,  yet 
every  week  brings  new  stories  of  victims. 
In  one  case  a  man  bought  a  farm  in  Win¬ 
ter,  while  the  snow  was  deep.  The  agent 
told  him  that  certain  “lumps”  out  in  the 
meadow  were  piles  of  manure.  When  the 
snow  melted  they  were  big  rocks.  Another 
man  bought  in  early  April  on  the  strength 
of  a  “beautiful  lake”  near  the  house. 
When  he  moved  his  family  in  he  found  a 
stagnant  swamp  full  ot  bullfrogs  and  mos¬ 
quitoes. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a,  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

FALSE  HUNGER 

A  Symptom  of  Stomach  Trouble  Corrected 
by  Good  Food. 

There  is,  with  some  forms  of  stomach 
trouble,  an  abnormal  craving  for  food 
which  is  frequently  mistaken  for  a 
“good  appetite.”  A  lady  teacher  writes 
from  Carthage,  Mo.,  to  explain  how 
with  good  food  she  dealt  with  this  sort 
of  hurtful  hunger. 

“I  have  taught  school  for  fifteen  years, 
and  up  to  nine  years  ago  had  good, 
average  health.  Nine  years  ago,  how¬ 
ever,  my  health  began  to  fail,  and  con¬ 
tinued  to  grow  worse  steadily,  in  spite 
of  doctor’s  prescriptions,  and  everything 
I  could  do.  During  all  this  time  my 
appetite  continued  good,  only  the  more 
I  ate  the  more  I  wanted  to  eat — I  was 
always  hungry. 

“The  first  symptoms  of  my  breakdown 
were  a  distressing  nervousness  and  a 
loss  of  flesh.  The  nervousness  grew  so 
bad  that  finally  it  amounted  to  actual 
prostration.  Then  came  stomach 
troubles,  which  were  very  painful,  con¬ 
stipation  which  brought  on  piles,  dys¬ 
pepsia  and  severe  nervous  headaches. 

“The  doctors  seemed  powerless  to 
help  me,  said  I  was  overworked,  and  at 
last  urged  me  to  give  up  teaching,  if  I 
wished  to  save  my  life. 

“But  this  I  could  not  do.  I  kept  on  at 
it  as  well  as  I  could,  each  day  growing 
more  wretched,  my  will-power  alone 
keeping  me  up,  till  at  last  a  good  angel 
suggested  that  I  try  a  diet  of  Grape- 
Nuts  food,  and  from  that  day  to  this  I 
have  found  it  delicious,  always  appetiz¬ 
ing  and  satisfying. 

“I  owe  my  restoration  to  health  to 
Grape-Nuts.  My  weight  has  returned 
and  for  more  than  two  years  I  have  been 
free  from  the  nervousness,  constipation, 
piles,  headaches,  and  all  the  ailments 
that  used  to  punish  me  so,  and  have  been 
able  to  work  freely  and  easily.”  Name 
given  by  Postum  Co.,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

Read  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs.  “There’s  a  reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


THE  ENGINE  THAT  WILL 
GIVE  YOU  NO  TROUBLE 

TlIC  nCYA  is  the  only  engine  built 
Ink  UCIU  without  packing.  You 
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engine.  Built  only  in  two  sizes-  214 
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engine  built.  Write  for  bulletin  8-B. 

DEYO-MACEY  ENGINE  CO. 

BINGHAMTON,  NEW  YORK 
Manufacturers  o!  DEY#  POWER  SPRAYERS 


KEROSENE 


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Gives  you  * 'running  water  when  and  where 
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FUNIA 


if|Bllll  ft  ’V  kills  Prairie  Dogs, 
™  ™  m  Woodchucks,  Gophers, 

and  Grain  Insects. 
“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

£with  “Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  are  doing. 

EDWARD  R.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. 


n  I  A|  Y*  i*b  Attachment  with  Corn  Harvester 
K  a  i\9  111"  K  cuts  and  throws  inpileson  harvester 
Ib3  111  W  fan  1 1  or  winrows.  Man  and  horse  cuts  and 
shocks  equal  with  a  Corn  Binder. 
Sold  in  every  state.  Price  §20  with  Binder  Attachment. 
S.  C.  MONTGOMERY,  of  Texaline,  Tex.,  writes  : — ‘  The 
harvester  has  proven  all  you  claim  for  it.  With  the 
assistance  of  one  man  cut  and  bound  over  100  acres  of 
Corn,  Kaltir  Corn  and  Maize  last  year.”  Testimonials  and 
catalog  free,  allowing  pictures  of  harvester, 

NEW  PROCESS  MFC.  CO.,  SALINA,  KAN. 


786 


July  29. 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKEH 


Hope  Farm  Notes 

Workers. — On  page  738  we  printed  a 
letter  from  a  couple  in  Pennsylvania  who 
are  looking  for  a  job.  Some  15  people 
have  written  for  their  address.  Some  of 
them  sent  letters  to  be  forwarded,  and  I 
have  been  greatly  interested  in  reading 
them.  One  man  says  he  had  a  good  hired 
man  who  went  off  to  celebrate  the  “Glor¬ 
ious  Fourth”  and  got  drunk.  This  cele- 
brator  hit  another  man  over  the  head 
with  a  bottle  and  has  probably  been  bot¬ 
tled  up  for  a  time.  Some  of  the  seekers 
made  a  definite  offer  of  work  and  say 
— “Come  at  once !”  Others  want  refer¬ 
ences,  or  say  the  man  may  come  and  try 
it.  Of  course  in  the  condition  this  couple 
were  placed  they  must  get  going  at  once. 

I  hope  they  will  make  some  good  ar¬ 
rangement,  but  this  thing  of  trying  to 
bring  strangers  together  is  more  or  less 
of  a  gamble.  We  have  had  quite  a  little 
experience  at  it  and,  as  a  rule,  it  is  hard 
to  make  the  papers  fit  the  men.  When 
a  man  starts  out  to  describe  his  own  good 
qualities  he  is  much  like  a  real  estate 
agent  describing  a  farm  which  he  wants 
to  sell.  He  may  see  all  the  fine  points 
he  mentions,  but  they  are  very  much  duller 
to  the  man  who  puts  up  the  money.  It  is 
much  the  same  way  with  people  who  think 
they  want  to  get  “back  to  the  land.”  How 
can  I  or  any  other  stranger  tell  a  man  posi¬ 
tively  yes  or  no  about  a  move  that  will 
change  his  entire  life?  Yet,  because  we 
will  not  take  the  responsibility  for  doing 
so  we  are  often  accused  of  being  cold¬ 
blooded,  jealous  or  something  woi'se.  I 
have  had  a  man  come  here  and  argue  and 
twist  and  cross-examine  in  order  to  get  us 
to  say  that  we  knew  he  could  succeed 
in  the  country.  In  truth  he  carried  the' 
marks  of  failure  about  with  him.  On  a 
farm  with  a  living  to  make  he  would  simply 
have  faded  away.  Finally  I  learned  that 
he  had  been  after  some  friends  to  advance 
him  money  and  they  had  half  promised  to 
finance  him  if  we  would  say  he  had  some¬ 
thing  like  a  sure  thing  on  a  farm.  Under 
the  circumstances  it  would  have  been  like 
stealing  money  from  his  friends. 

To  get  back  to  workers — it  is  more  and 
more  evident  that  many  farmers  are  sadly 
in  need  of  help,  while  the  towns  contain 
many  people  who  want  a  job.  How  can 
they  be  brought  together?  It  looks  easy, 
but  I  think  it  would,  in  many  cases,  be 
like  trying  to  graft  apple  on  pear.  The 
graft  will  often  start  and  then  the  inex¬ 
perienced  rush  out  to  say  they  have  suc¬ 
ceeded  where  the  wise  men  failed.  After  a 
while  something  goes  wrong  with  that 
"union,”  and  in  the  end  the  old  established 
fact  prevails.  It  is  as  hard  to  graft  grown¬ 
up  human  nature.  That  is,  you  will  find 
it  next  to  impossible  to  get  people  whose 
habits  of  living  and  thinking  are  fixed  to 
adapt  themselves  to  new  plans  and  ways 
of  living.  Years  ago  1  took  many  theories 
for  granted — you  must  now  work  them  out 
for  me.  I  fear  the  leopard  will  not  change 
his  spots  until  you  can  get  solid  colored 
parents  for  him.  Still  there  are  thousands 
of  people  now  hopelessly  at  work  in  town 
who  ought  to  be  on  farms.  Once  there 
they  would  help  themselves  and  also  the 
community  in  which  they  lived.  At  the 
same  time  there  are  country  people  ill  fitted 
and  poorly  adjusted  to  their'  occupation. 
Tell  me  how  to  transfer  these  people  and 
fit  them  into  the  true  scheme  of  life  and  I 
will  see  that  you  get  a  monument  at  least. 

Cooked  Milk. — Many  of  you  have  heard 
of  the  “pasteurized  milk”  depots  in  New 
York.  Milk  is  sold  at  one  cent  a  glass. 
Small  portable  houses  are  put  up  in  the 
parks — the  whole  outfit  being  very  plain 
and  inexpensive.  I  frequently  stop  to  watch 
the  crowd  before  one  of  these  places.  There 
are  signs  in  five  different  languages,  and 
during  the  hot  wave  the  “call  of  the  milk” 
was  so  strong  that  people  were  lined  up 
three  or  four  deep  waiting  for  their  chance. 

I  judge  that  the  milk  is  partly  skimmed. 
The  way  the  glasses  are  filled  you  could  get 
nearly  five  out  of  a  full  quart,  so  that  at  one 
cent  per  glass  and  part  of  the  fat  taken 
out  there  is  still  left  a  fair  margin.  No 
one  can  tell  how  much  good  this  milk  does. 
Hundreds  of  men  and  boys  who  would 
otherwise  drink  beer  buy  this  one-cent 
milk.  Women  buy  it  for  their  children.  I 
have  seen  a  woman  with  a  brood  of  half  a 
dozen  around  her  having  a  great  feast  for 
five  cents.  I  wish  there  were  thousands  of 
such  places  in  the  city.  Every  few  blocks 
as  you  go  up  the  leading  streets  you  will 
find  the  stores  of  the  tobacco  trust.  They 
handle  vast  quantities  of  tobacco,  and  have 
driven  competitors  pretty  much  out  of  busi¬ 
ness.  There  might  well  be  a  string  of 
stores  where  milk,  eggs,  fruit  and  farm 
preserves  could  be  sold  at  fair  prices — such 
goods  to  be  sent  direct  from  the  farms. 
That  or  something  like  it  is  what  we  must 
come  to  sooner  or  later.  Things  have  now 
worked  around  so  that  town  people  are 
demanding  cheaper  food.  I  think  this  Cana¬ 
dian  reciprocity  is  only  the  beginning  of 
a  scheme  to  invite  food  producers  all  over 
the  world  to  send  what  they  raise  here.  I 
think  therefore  that  our  farmers  must 
change  their  tactics  somewhat — get  to¬ 
gether,  cut  out  the  useless  middlemen  and 
control  more  of  the  retailing.  If  our  North¬ 
ern  farmers  will  take  up  this  question  and 
fight  for  it  as  they  have  for  the  tariff  in 
years  past  they  can  control  the  situation. 

Farm  Notes. — We  got  the  hay  in  the 
barn  with  barely  a  sprinkle  of  rain.  Most 
of  the  rye  followed,  and  then  the  showers 
began.  When  there  came  rain  enough  to 
moisten  the  soil  it  became  somewhat  of  a 
study  to  know  what  to  do.  The  Brussels 
sprouts  were  ready  to  go  out,  the  straw¬ 
berries  were  ready  to  pot,  the  onions  were 
weedy — there  were  a  dozen  things  to  do. 
Bob  and  Broker  are  willing,  but  they  can¬ 
not  turn  the  entire  farm  over  in  a  week, 
fio  we  put  them  to  plowing  part  of  the 
rye  stubble  for  the  sprouts.  This  rye  was 
purposely  cut  high,  and  the  ragweeds  have 
started,  so  plowing  put  a  good  lot  of  vege¬ 
table  matter  under  ground.  After  plowing 


the  soil  is  harrowed  fine  and  all  bands  go 
to  sticking  in  “sprouts.”  Lime  is  scat¬ 
tered  along  the  rows  and  cultivated  in. 
Later  a  dressing  of  fertilizer  is  put  on  and 
cultivation  is  the  same  as  for  cabbage.  With 
a  reasonably  moist  Fall  rye  can  be  seeded 
among  the  “sprouts”  in  October  as  a  cover 
crop  for  Winter.  .  .  .  The  oats  were 

cut  early  and  got  to  the  barn  right.  But 
for  the  rats  we  would  keep  them  for  Spring 
feeding,  but  the  vermin  works  into  the  mows 
after  the  grain.  The  cats  cannot  reach 
them,  and  they  will  ruin  most  of  the  oat 
hay.  Therefore  I  shall  feed  this  oat  hay 
during  Fall  and  Winter  with  the  corn  fod¬ 
der.  It  would  not  pay  us  to  let  the  oats  go 
to  grain. 

If  the  horses  can  do  the  work  in  time 
the  oat  stubble  will  be  turned  over  and 
seeded  to  buckwheat  with  Red  and  Alsike 
clover.  I  do  not  know  how  late  we  can 
seed  buckwheat  and  expect  grain.  On  our 
hills  the  season  is  often  10  days  later  than 
in  the  valley  and  the  crop  may  get  through. 
.  .  .  This  year  we  have  tried  the  ex¬ 
periment  of  hilling  up  some  of  the  potatoes. 
The  “expert”  advice  has  been  to  give  level 
cultivation,  and  some  people  go  so  far  as 
to  say  they  would  shoot  a  man  if  they 
caught  him  using  a  plow.  They  will  get 
over  that.  I  have  come  to  believe  that  in 
some  cases  hilling  is  desirable,  and  we  are 
plowing  some  of  our  late  varieties.  We 
take  a  small  one-horse  plow  and  throw  a 
light  furrow  from  both  sides  of  the  row,  so 
that  the  vines  are  partly  covered  and  left 
on  a  ridge.  I  would  do  this  on  naturally 
damp  soil  in  a  season  where  there  is  too 
much  rain,  or  where  small  weeds  have 
started  in  the  drill  and  it  is  impossible  to 
hoe  properly.  The  ridging  properly  done, 
will  kill  out  those  young  weeds.  I  think 
the  ridged  potatoes  are  less  likely  to  rot, 
and  I  know  it  is  easier  to  dig  them.  Of 
course  I  know  that  these  same  methods 
might  be  employed  to  ruin  a  crop  under 
other  conditions.  On  light  soil  and  in  a 
drought  the  plow  should  be  kept  out.  Ad¬ 
vice  itself  is  about  as  dull  as  a  chip.  It 
is  the  judgment  used  in  giving  or  applying 
it  which  gives  it  life. 

Strawberries. — We  have  a  good  illustra¬ 
tion  of  this  in  our  strawberry  field.  Yoti 
remember  how  we  told  people  to  cut  off 
the  vines  after  fruiting  and  at  once  culti¬ 
vate  or  weed.  That  is  sound  advice,  but  we 
fell  down  in  carrying  it  out.  The  vines 
were  cut  on  scheduled  time,  but  then  there 
came  a  dozen  calls  for  help.  The  hay  was 
on  the  ground,  rye  was  ready  to  cut,  a  rush 
order  for  potted  plants,  raspberries  and 
currants  to  pick,  and  half  a  dozen  more. 
Then  came  the  hot  wave  and  baked  the 
soil  so  that  no  cultivator  could  get  into 
it  The  result  was  that  field  was  not 
worked  until  there  came  a  softening  rain. 
In  the  meantime  the  weeds  and  grass  came 
In.  The  morning  after  that  rain  we  started 
cleaning  up.  One  of  the  boys  took  the  cul¬ 
tivator  with  the  side  teeth  off  and  chased 
Nellie  up  and  down  those  rows.  I  took 
the  army  of  red  heads  and  started  cleaning 
up.  The  weeds  pulled  easily.  We  have 
young  peach  trees  growing  among  these 
berries,  and  about  two  bushels  of  green 
weeds  are  piled  around  each  tree.  The  rest 
of  the  trash  is  hauled  to  the  hill  orchard 
and  piled  under  the  bearing  trees.  Philip, 
who  is  having  his  annual  struggle  with 
“pussley,”  wants  the  stuff  put  on  the  road 
where  the  horses  will  kill  it,  but  there  is 
too  much  nitrogen  in  it  to  throw  away. 
It  is  wonderfiil  stuff  to  make  trees  grow. 
Every  bit  of  trash  I  can  get  must  go  under 
and  around  the  sod  trees.  The  red  heads 
soon  grew  tired  of  weeding.  They  saw 
something  on  the  lawn  which  needed  inves¬ 
tigation,  ana  away  they  went.  I  did  not 
have  the  heart  to  call  them  back  until 
they  had  played  awhile.  I  found  part  of 
this  field  so  grown  up  to  crab  grass  that  it 
will  not  pay  to  clean  it.  So  it  will  be 
plowed  under,  vines  and  all,  and  set  with 
potted  Marshall  plants.  These  old  plants 
have  given  three  crops,  but  with  all  we 
have  in  sight  it  would  not  pay  to  clean 
them  by  hand.  You  must  remember  that 
these  old  beds  became  very  foul.  It  is 
easy  to  tell  about  fruiting  them  several 
years,  but  if  you  let  them  go  as  we  did 
this  season  you  have  a  fearful  battle  before 
you. 

All  Sorts. — I  have  this  among  other 
questions :  “ Do  you  mean  to  say  that  you 
can  grow  rye  in  an  orch-ard  so  as  to  get 
good  groicth  and  pay  Jor  the  handling  t” 
Yes,  it  can  be  done  when  the  conditions 
are  right— not  otherwise.  For  example  our 
rows  of  trees  are  32  feet  apart  Last  Fall 
we  cut  up  these  middles  and  sowed  rye. 
Some  of  it  was  put  in  very  late — nearly 
November  1.  This  Spring  we  watched  the 
rainfall  carefully.  There  seemed  to  be 
moisture  enough  to  mature  the  rye  and 
provide  for  the  trees.  So  where  the  grain 
was  promising  we  plowed  six-foot  strips  on 
each  side  of  the  two  rows.  This  left  20 
foot  strips  of  rye.  This  year  the  rye 
made  good  grain  and  straw  while  the  trees 
have  made  a  satisfactory  wood  growth.  Rye 
straw  with  us  is  worth  as  much  as  hay,  and 
if  well  fertilized  the  straw  and  grain  on  an 
acre  will  bring  nearly  or  quite  $25.  After 
the  rye  is  cut  we  can  plow  or  disk  the  stub¬ 
ble  and  drill  in  fodder  crops  or  seed  to  rye 
again.  The  income  from  this  rye  will  more 
than  pay  for  the  plowing  and  cultivating 
and  for  fertilizer.  On  part  of  our  orchard 
this  plan  has  been  followed  some  years,  and 
It  Is  a  fact  that  the  apple  trees  are  com¬ 
ing  into  bearing  at  practically  no  cost. 

But  now  do  not  go  off  and  say  that  the 
Hope  Farm  man  can  produce  an  apple  or¬ 
chard  without  cost  and  a  chromo  thrown  in. 
Right  on  the  hillside  with  the  orchard  I 
have  just  mentioned  are  places  where  this 
scheme  does  not  work.  The  soil  is  thin¬ 
ner  and  the  rock  comes  close  to  the  sur¬ 
face.  On  these  spots  both  the  rye  and  the 
trees  show  the  need  of  food  and  water,  and 
we  plow  the  rye  all  under,  sow  fodder  corn, 
fertilize  and  give  good  culture  and  seed  rye 
again  at  the  last  cultivating.  On  other 
parts  we  plow  the  rye  under,  use  fertilizer 
and  give  culture. 

But  what  sort  of  an  orchard  can  you 
get  when  rye  pays  the  bill?  You  never 
could  tell  without  looking  at  it  and  com¬ 
paring  with  others.  I  will  show  pictures 
of  some  of  the  trees,  but  that  will  not  tell 
It  all.  On  strong  soil  and  with  reasonable 
seasons  it  is  possible  to  make  the  rye  pay 
for  the  orchard.  It  might  not  be  so  with 


you,  as  rye  straw  may  not  be  worth  over 
$8  per  ton.  We  have  the  favorable  condi¬ 
tion  of  high  prices  and  favorable  location. 
My  object  has  been  to  see  if  a  family  of 
moderate  means  could  take  an  old  farm  and 
develop  it  into  a  garden  and  orchard  with 
small  capital.  It  can  be  done,  but  I  cannot 
say  that  it  will  be  the  best  orchard  or  the 
finest  garden.  Here  we  will  say  is  a  man 
of  40  “self-made,”  who  has  been  obliged  to 
consider  every  cent,  train  himself  and  prac¬ 
tice  every  economy.  You  might  compare 
him  with  my  rye-paid  orchard.  Here  is  an¬ 
other  man  of  th.e  same  age  who  has  had 
all  the  advantages  of  expensive  training 
without  worry  or  care  of  money  matters. 
He  is  like  the  orchard  upon  which  some 
expert  has  lavished  money  and  care.  In 
theory, «at  least,  the  man  who  has  had  every 
advantage  ought  to  be  far  superior  to  the 
self-trained  worker.  To  an  even  greater 
degree  (since  trees  are  truer  to  opportunity 
than  humans),  the  thoroughly  tilled  and 
fertilized  orchard  ought  to  be  far  ahead  of 
my  rye-paid  trees.  Yet  the  latter  look  as 
if  they  will  support  the  family.  In  plant¬ 
ing  an  orchard  my  advice  is  to  take  the  best 
possible  care  of  it.  Undoubtedly  fertilizing 
and  tillage  will  pay,  yet  I  know  that  if  you 
compelled  their  use  as  a  new  commandment 
many  people  would  be  denied  the  right  to 
own  a  good  orchard.  My  rye  method  can 
produce  good  trees ;  so  can  the  mulch  meth¬ 
od  ;  so  can  the  plan  of  plowing  strips  along 
the  rows,  but  the  man  must  climb  right  into 
the  method  and  stay  there.  h.  w.  c. 


THE  CONNECTICUT 
AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE 

Four-year  Course  in  Agriculture  for  grad¬ 
uates  of  high  schools.  Degree  of  B.  S. 

Four-year  Course  in  Agriculture  forthose 
who  have  completed  two  years  of  high 
school  work.  Diploma  on  graduation. 

Two-year  School  of  Agriculture  open  to 
those  who  have  had  a  common  school 
education. 

Two-year  School  of  Mechanic  Arts  open 
to  those  who  have  completed  two  years  of 
high  school  work. 

Two-year  School  of  Home  Economics 

open  to  those  who  have  had  a  common 
school  education- 

.  .  .  Send  for  Catalog  .  .  . 

CHARLES  L.  BEACH.  President.  Box  A,  Slorrs,  Conn. 


HANDY  BINDER 

lUST  the  thing  for  preserving  files  of 
"  The  Rural  New-Yorker.  Durable 
and  cheap.  Sent  postpaid  for  25  cents. 

<nre  RURAL  NEW-YORKER, 

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Wheat  and  Clover 

Many  farmers  stick  to  wheat  raising 
mainly  because  clover  follows  it  in  the  rotation. 

But  why  not  get  the  best  possible  out  of  both  crops  ? 

No  crop  returns  better  profit  for  the  right  fertilizer 
than  wheat. 

What  is  the  right  fertilizer?  That  depends  on  the  soil  and 
on  what  fertilizer  you  have  used  on  it  The  longer  you  have 
used  phosphate  the  sooner  it  will  pay  you  to  balance  it  with 

POTASH 

Insist  on  your  wheat  fertilizer  containing  6  to  8  per  cent,  of 
Potash.  Potash  Pays  on  both  wheat  and  clover. 

If  your  dealer  does  not  carry  Potash,  write  us  for  prices, 
naming  quantity  needed,  and  ask  for  our  free  books, 

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Southern  California 

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For  literature  and  information  relative  to  fares,  stopovers,  etc., 
call  on  or  address 


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287  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


THE  RURA.E  NEW-YORKER 


787 


Ruralisms 

THE  ST.  REGIS  RASPBERRY. 

On  page  782  we  show  picture  of  the 
St.  Regis  raspberry,  Fig.  293,  and  small 
cluster  of  fruit  below.  Mr.  E.  S.  Black 
says,  concerning  this  variety : 

“The  plants  are  growing  in  a  swamp 
of  young  plants  and  weeds.  No  attempt 
has  been  made  at  cultivation  this  Spring 
or  Summer,  and  we  have  passed  through 
one  of  the  worst  droughts  in  my 


ST.  REGIS  RASPBERRY.  Fig.  295. 

memory.  The  sample  I  am  sending  you 
is  a  fair  average  of  the  whole  lot  of 
plants  in  fruiting.  The  vines  are  large, 
for  the  chance  the)-  have  had  to  de¬ 
velop  ;  are  good  clear  bright  red  color, 
and  firm,  as  we  have  had  almost  con¬ 
tinuous  rain  for  the  past  two  weeks. 
The  first  berries  that  were  noticed  ripe 
were  June  12,  and  I  picked  berries  from 
it  on  November  2,  1910.  I  have  watched 
this  raspberry  closely  for  two  years 
past,  but  was  not  very  enthusiastic  over 
any  everbearing  variety  up  to  the  pres¬ 
ent  time,  but  I  am  satisfied  that  this 
berry  has  merit  and  deserves  a  place 
among  our  best  varieties  regardless  of 
its  everbearing  quality.” 

A  NEW  TROPICAL  FRUIT. 

Fig.  296  shows  one  of  the  first  fruits 
produced  in  America  of  Strychnos 
spinosa,  introduced  here  by  the  Bureau 
of  Plant  Introduction.  The  seeds  were 
secured  by  Messrs.  Lathrop  and  Fair- 
child  at  Lourenco  Marquez,  Portuguese 
East  Africa,  in  February,  1903,  and  a 
tree  grown  at  Miami,  Florida,  fruited 
for  the  first  time  in  April,  1911.  This 


though  it  has  in  addition  a  distinct  and 
pleasing  flavor  of  cloves.  When  it  is 
considered  that  this  is  still  a  wild  fruit 
and  that  there  are  other  edible  relatives, 
it  becomes  worthy  of  the  attention  of 
subtropical  plant  breeders. 

This  plant  is  referred  to  in  Paxton’s 
Botanical  Dictionary  as  a  native  of 
Madagascar  discovered  in  1818.  The 
poisons  strychnine  and  brucine  have 
their  origin  in  the  seeds  of  Strychnos 
Nux-vomica.  Another  variety,  S.  pota¬ 
torum,  is  said  t-  be  used  by  the  natives 
of  India  to  cleanse  muddy  water ;  the 
seeds  being  rubbed  around  the  inside 
of  the  vessel,  causing  foreign  matters 
to  be  precipitated  and  leaving  the  water 
clear.  _________ 

IN  MEMORY  OF  W.  N.  IRWIN. 

A  Brief  Record  of  a  Good  and  Wise  Man. 

On  June  24,  at  Washington,  D.  C., 
there  passed  to  the  world  beyond  one 
of  the  noblest  of  men,  and  a  most  able 
although  exceedingly  modest  pomologist. 
This  was  William  Newton  Irwin,  one 
of  the  pomological  workers  in  the  U.  S'. 
Department  of  Agriculture.  He  was 
stricken  with  the  incurable  malady, 
tuberculosis,  which  carried  him  away 
quite  suddenly,  for  it  was  only  about 
three  weeks  from  the  last  time  I  saw 
him  busy  at  work  in  the  office  until  his 
body  was  tearfully  laid  away  in  the 
home  cemetery  at  Greenfield,  Ohio.  We 
were  the  dearest  of  friends  for  60  years. 
We  visited  and  played  together  as  chil¬ 
dren  and  boys  on  our  fathers’  farms  in 
Ross  County,  Ohio,  and  there  began, 
together,  our  study  of  fruits,  and  they 
were  the  best  then  known,  for  his 
father  and  my  own  planted  that  kind. 
Mr.  Irwin  was  a  farmer  of  the  advanced 
type,  and  fruit  growing  was  his  special 
delight,  although  keeping  fine  stock  was 
one  of  his  lines  of  business  during  early 
manhood.  Fie  had  some  10  years  of  ex¬ 
perience  at  farming  in  Kansas,  but  his 
last  and  best  work  was  done  as  an  ex¬ 
pert  pomologist  at  Washington,  D.  C. 
When  I  was  organizing  the  Division  of 
Pomology,  knowing  by  long  years  of 
close  association  his  special  qualifica¬ 
tions,  I  selected  him  to  be  one  of  the 
office  force.  His  work  was  to  study, 
identify,  record  and  describe  the  varie¬ 
ties  of  fruits  that  were  received  at  the 
office.  The  work  that  he  did  has  been 
of  untold  good  to  the  many  thousands 
who  have  applied  there  for  information', 
although  they  may  not  have  known  to 
whom  to  give  credit.  Mr.  Irwin  was 
very  observing,  unostentatious  and  un¬ 
selfish  and  all  that  he  did  was  done 


he  had  many  more  plans  studied  out 
of  the  same  kind  with  regard  to  the 
animals  of  Manchuria  and  other  for¬ 
eign  countries.  His  thoughts  in  this 
connection  are  on  record  in  some  of  the 
leading  live  stock  journals.  He  was  a 
close  reader  of  The  R.  N-.Y.,  and  his 
father  induced  my  father  to  subscribe 
for  it  in  1855,  since  which  time  it  has 
been  in  our  families  almost  constantly. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


FRUIT  OF  STRYCHNOS  SPINOSA.  Fig.  296. 


is  an  extremely  interesting  new  sub¬ 
tropical  fruit.  It  is  perfectly  round  like 
a  cannon  ball,  and  has  a  shell  so  hard 
that  it  has  to  be  cracked  with  a  hammer. 
This  specimen  was  picked  green,  sent  to 
Washington  and  kept  for  three  weeks. 
While  green  it  has  no  aroma,  but  as  it 
ripens  it  becomes  so  aromatic  that  it 
scents  the  room  with  the  odor  of  cloves. 
The  seeds  are  supposed  to  be  poison¬ 
ous,  since  the  plant  belongs  to  the  same 
genus  as  that  from  which  strychnine  is 
obtained,  but  an  examination  showed 
scarcely  a  trace  of  this  poison  in  those 
contained  in  this  fruit.  The  pulp  is 
about  the  consistency  of  a  very  ripe 
banana  and  reminds  one  of  it  in  flavor, 


after  careful  thought  and  was  quite  apt 
to  be  unqv-Ytionably  correct.  I  never 
knew  a  pomologist  whose  knowledge  of 
varieties  was  so  wide  and  accurate. 
When  I  was  in  doubt  about  a  variety  I 
always  tried  to  consult  him  and  get  his 
judgment,  and  usually  deferred  to  it. 
His  judgment  at  fruit  fairs  was  often 
sought  and  always  prized.  Mr.  Irwin 
was  also  deeply  interested  in  the  intro¬ 
duction  and  domestication  of  animals 
that  have  not  yet  been  known  to  the 
American  stock  breeders.  It  was  largely 
through  his  original  suggestions  and 
manifested  interest  that  the  move  to  in¬ 
troduce  the  hippopotamus  and  other  ani¬ 
mals  from  Africa  has  been  begun,  and 


Thrips  and  Slugs  on  Roses. — The 
best  and  only  satisfactory  remedy  in  my 
experience  for  these  pests  is  lemon  oil 
insecticide,  obtainable  from  any  seed 
dealer.  Diluted  according  to  directions 
it  is  best  applied  with  one  of  the  air 
sprayers,  as  the  hose  can  be  turned  un¬ 
der  the  leaves.  Azaleas,  always  subject 
to  thrips,  can  be  kept  perfectly  clean 
with  this  remedy.  I  remember  once  we 
filled  an  old  wash  boiler  with  the  solu¬ 
tion  and  dipped  the  plants.  Roses  can 
be  kept  free  from  lice  and  other  insects 
in  the  dwelling  by  using  it  occasionally. 
The  odor  is  extremely  agreeable.  Fir 
tree  oil  will  do  the  work  equally  as  well, 
but  costs  more  than  double.  Tobacco 
is  a  disagreeable  insecticide  at  best,  and 
anyone  who  uses  the  lemon  oil  once 
would  never  try  tobacco  again,  f.  c.  c. 

“What  is  the  greatest  get-rich-quick 
scheme  you  know  of?”  asked  the  flimsy 
financier  of  his  partner.  “Taking  money 
away  from  other  people  who  want  to  get 
rich  quick.” — Wilmington  Star. 

“How  often,  my  good  man,”  the 
stranger  at  the  wayside  station  said,  “do 
the  trains  stop  here?”  “The  trains  stop 
here,”  the  sour  station  porter  said,  “only 
once.  After  that  they  start.” — Tit-Bits. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


A  Triumph 


Of  Cookery- 


Post 
T  oasties 


Many  delicious  dishes 
have  been  made  from 
Indian  Corn  by  the  skill 
and  ingenuity  of  the  ex¬ 
pert  cook. 

But  none  of  these  crea¬ 
tions  excels  Post  Toast¬ 
ies  in  temptingthe  palate. 

“Toasties”  are  a  lux¬ 
ury  that  makes  a  delight¬ 
ful  hot-weather  economy. 

The  first  package  tells 
its  own  story. 

“The  Memory  Lingers 


»* 


Sold  by  Grocers. 


Postum  Cereal  Co.,  Ltd., 
Battle  Creek.  Mich.,  U.  S.  A. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Sure  Shoe 
Satisfaction 
for  the 
Farmer1 

WRITE  ns  to-day  for  full  information  of 

the  llaskin-Granger  Shoes  and  learn 
what  the  bast  work  shoe  for  the  farmer  is  like. 
Farmers  who  have  already  done  so  have  pro¬ 
nounced  them  “The  greatest  shoe  value  that 
money  can  procure.”  You  will  do  likewise,  for 
every  pair  is  made  in  the  good,  old,  reliable  way 
right  in  our  own  factory  under  expert  super¬ 
vision.  By  selling  to  you  direct  we  6ave  you  the 
dealer's  profit  and  give  you  greater  value.  The 

HASKIN-GRANGER  SHOE 

combines  perfect  comfort  with  durability.  The 
uppers  and  vamps  are  made  of  old-fashioned 
French  kip,  oil-tanned  moose  and  chrome  water- 


with  brass  screws  or  old-fashioned  maple  pegs. 
No  stitches  to  rot  or  nails  to  rust.  Write  For 
illustrations  of  styles,  descriptions  and  prices. 
Your  money  bach  if  not  satisfied.  References : 
Citizens’  Trust  Co.,  Utica,  N.  Y*,  or  any  other 
bank  in  Utica. 

Expre.a  paid  on  ordors  ea.t  of  <he  Mississippi. 

-The  Haskln  Shoe  Mfg.  Co.^ 
115  Meadow  Si..  Stittville.  N.  Y.  *■ 


Farmers’  Favorite  One-Horse 
Grain  Drills. 

Farmers’  Favorite  One-Horse  Five 
Disc  and  Five  Hoe  Grain  Drills  embody 
all  the  good  points  found  in  large  size 
Farmers’  Favorite  Grain  Drills — force 
feeds  for  both  grain  and  fertilizers,  de¬ 
tachable  grass  seed  attachments,  etc. 
Sow  your  shock  rows  with  the  Farmers’ 
Favorite.  Plant  your  grain  between  the 
rows  of  standing  corn  with  this  time- 
tried  machine.  No  one  runs  any  risks 
in  purchasing  a  Farmers’  Favorite  Drill, 
because  it  is  so  strongly  and  fairly  guar¬ 
anteed  by  its  makers,  The  American 
Seeding-Machine  Co.,  Incorporated, 
Springfield,  Ohio.  Send  for  a  Farmers’ 
Favorite  catalogue.  If  you  are  thinking 
of  buying  a  one-horse  grain  drill,  go  to 
your  implement  dealer  and  insist  on 
seeing  the  Farmers’  Favorite. 

HARVEY  BOLSTER  SPRINBS 

Soon  save  their  cost.  Make  every  wagon  a  spring i 
wagon,  therefore  fruit,  vegetables,  eggs,  etc.,  f 
bring  more  money.  Ask  for  special  proposition.  [ 

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GUARANTEED 


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Hydraulic 

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Net  owners  25ii  to  100 4 
on  investment  per  year 
Ask  for  Free  Cat¬ 
alog  and  “Good 
Tip”  booklet  tell¬ 
ing  how. 

Monarch  Machinery  Co.,  609  Hudson  Terminal,  Hew  York 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE. 


.  .  .  MANUFACTURED  only  BY  .  .  . 

‘The  Roger*.  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Send  for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  “  Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


For  Orchard  and  Farm \ 

All  genuine  “Cutaways”  are  intense  cultivators  and 
will  increase  your  crops  25  to  60  per  cent.  Our  Doublo 
Action  "Cutaway”  Harrow  is  a  wonderful  invention 
—can  be  used  in  field  or  orchard.  Perfect  center 
draft.  Drawn  by  two  medium  horses  will  move  the 
earth  twice  on  every  trip.  We  can  prove  it. 

“Intensive  Cultivation,”  our  new  catalogue  is  Free. 
8ead  for  it  today. 

CUTAWAY  HARROW  CO.,  839  Main  St.,  Higganum,  Conn. 


Your  Own  Threshing! 
■  You  can  save  the  cost  of  a  rig 

in  a  few  years  besides  doing  the 
work  at  the  most  ^  conveni¬ 
ent  time 


ELLIS 

CHAMPION 

THRESHERS 


are  equally  well  suited  to  threshermen 
and  Rrain  growers  desirous  of  doing  their 
own  work.  Herewith  is  shown  Ellis  Cham¬ 
pion  No.  3  complete  with  stacker,  tailini 
elevator  and  grain  bagger;  operated  by  gasoline, 
steam  or  tread  power.  No  clogging  of  straw  in  these 
threshers.  Made  in  different  sizes  to  meet  all  needs. 

We  also  make  Tread  and  Sweep  Horse-Powor,  circular 
and  drag  saws,  ensilage  cutters,  corn  shelters,  etc.  Send 
for  catalog  giving  full  information  about  these  machines. 

ELLIS  KEYSTONE  AGRICULTURAL  WORKS, 


Pottstown,  Pa. 


788 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER’S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  l'or  Country  and  Suburban  Home* 

Established  i8S0 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  St,  New  York 

Herbert  W.  Collingwood,  President  and  Editor. 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Hoyle,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 
To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union.  82.04,  equal  to  8s.  6d.,  or 
8>i  marks,  or  10>£  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line — 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  us  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  ail  j  ust  trifling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  or  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  i  lentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

'  * 

In  English  cities  as  a  rule  food  is  cheaper  than  in 
American  cities  of  about  the  same  class  and  size.  At 
the  same  time  the  English  farmer  usually  receives  not 
only  a  larger  share  of  the  consumer’s  dollar,  but  a 
higher  price  per  pound  or  measure  than  the  Ameri¬ 
can.  In  considering  this  we  must  also  remember 
that  a  large  proportion  of  English  food  is  imported— 
carried  in  many  cases  thousands  of  miles  before  de¬ 
livery.  How  can  such  a  thing  be?  The  chief  reasons 
are  the  English  parcels  post  and  cooperation  among 
English  farmers.  The  parcels  post  has  compelled  the 
railroads  to  give  cheaper  and  better  transportation  and 
practically  driven  out  the  express  companies.  Co¬ 
operation  has  enabled  producers  to  deal  direct  with 
consumers  or  with  one  or  two  larger  middlemen. 
Thus  the  consumer’s  dollar  is  divided  among  fewer 
people,  and  the  farmer  gets  more  of  it.  We  must 
follow  along  the  same  line  in  this  country.  That 
way  lies  prosperity. 

* 

In  looking  over  the  last  issue  of  The  R.  N.-Y.,  I  find 
that  my  name  is  not  included  in  the  list  of  members 
voting  for  the  Collin  bill.  I  wish  to  say  that  I  supported 
the  Collin  bill,  not  only  in  the  committee,  of  which  I 
was  a  member,  but  voted  for  the  same.  There  was  so 
much  confusion  at  the  time  the  vote  was  taken  that  I 
did  not  know  till  I  was  informed  some  time  afterwards 
that  I  had  been  recorded  in  the  negative.  The  above 
statement  I  can  verify  by  several  of  the  members.  I  am 
a  fruit  grower,  and  have  had  quite  a  few  years’  experi¬ 
ence  in  shipping  to  commission  men,  and  have  had  a 
practical  experience  in  being  fleeced  by  the  same.  I  hope 
to  see  the  time  when  there  will  be  a  law  to  regulate  the 
sale  of  fruit  and  produce  consigned  to  commission  men, 
and  I  shall  use  my  best  efforts  to  that  end. 

Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y.  a.  yeomans. 

We  received  three  different  check  lists  from  the 
Assembly,  and  in  each  of  them  Mr.  Yeomans  was 
recorded  as  absent  or  not  voting.  We  were  confident 
that  he  would  support  the  bill.  As  a  fruit  grower  he 
understands  the  need  of  such  legislation.  We  shall 
keep  right  after  this  thing  until  the  principle  of  that 
Collin  bill  is  part  of  the  law.  Nothing  has  been  heard 
vet  from  James  S.  Parker. 

* 

Our  judgment  may  be  warped  some  way,  but  the 
confession  of  that  sucker  from  Texas  which  starts 
on  the  first  page  seems  to  us  the  best  thing  of  the 
sort  we  have  yet  read.  Any  honest  record  of  ordinary 
human  life  will  be  pretty  much  the  confession  of  a, 
sucker.  There  are  some  wonderful  know-it-all  men 
who  always  succeed  in  every  undertaking — at  least 
they  say  so.  Most  of  us,  however,  find  life  well  filled 
with  blunders  and  “gold  bricks.”  Emerson  said : 
“The  true  preacher  may  be  known  by  this ,  that  he 
deals  out  to  the  people  his  life — life  passed  through 
the  fire  of  thought.”  We  do  not  know  of  anything 
more  solemn  or  important  in  life  than  for  a  man  over 
50  years  to  risk  all  that  he  has  in  a  new  country  in 
the  hunt  for  home  and  health.  That  is  what  our 
friend  from  Texas  did,  and  he  gives  us  the  truth 
about  it.  Some  men  might  pour  out  bitterness  and 
curse  the  country,  or  sing  some  golden  song  in  the 
hope  of  passing  the  “brick”  along.  This  man  is  a 
philosopher  who  gives  a  fair  statement  That  is 
why  we  want  you  to  read  every  word  of  it  We 
shall  have  similar  statements  about  other  sections 
which  the  land  boomers  are  trying  to  exploit.  You 
know  where  we  stand.  If  any  man  tells  you  that  he 
can  sell  you  land  in  a  country  where  an  untrained  and 
ailing  man  can  make  hortie,  health  and  fortune  with 
limited  capital  and  easy  work — tell  him  at  once  he  is  a 
fraud  and  a  knave,  and  charge  it  directly  to  us. 


Sec.  6.  The  fact  that  there  is  now  no  adequate 
lazv  for  the  protection  of  farmers  and  truck  growers 
creates  an  emergency  and  an  imperative  public  neces¬ 
sity  that  the  constitutional  rule  requiring  bills  to  be 
read  on  three  several  days  be  suspended,  and  that 
this  bill  take  effect  and  be  in  force  from  and  after  its 
passage. 

That  is  what  appears  in  a  law  passed  by  the  Texas 
Legislature  in  1907.  This  law  compels  all  commission 
merchants  doing  business  in  Texas  to  make  a  bond 
for  $2,000.  The  bond  is  approved  by  the  county 
clerk  and  paid  to  the  county  judge.  This  bond  may 
be  sued  upon  and  recovery  made  by  shippers  who 
claim  to  have  been  swindled  by  the  commission  men. 
Should  such  suits  eat  up  the  entire  bond  a  new  one 
must  be  made.  Any  commission  man  who  shall  ad¬ 
vertise  or  solicit  goods  without  making  this  bond  is 
guilty  of  misdemeanor  and  upon  conviction  shall  be 
fined  from  $100  to  $1,000.  This  is  the  Texas  law. 
The  South  Carolina  Legislature  will  be  asked  to 
pass  a  stronger  one  next  year.  All  over  the  country 
this  plan  of  making  the  commission  men  play  fair 
will  become  the  great  business  issue  for  farmers. 

* 

Dr.  Harvey  W.  Wiley  is  chiefly  responsible  for  the 
national  pure  food  and  drug  law,  and  also  for  its  en¬ 
forcement.  That  is  one  of  the  most  useful  laws  ever 
enacted  in  this  country.  For  many  years  a  gang  of 
unscrupulous  scoundrels,  large  and  small,  poisoned 
and  adulterated  the  food  and  drink  which  the  people 
were  supposed  to  consume.  Chemicals  that  would 
eat  out  an  iron  pipe  were  used  to  embalm  food,  saw¬ 
dust,  white  earth,  filth  and  hulls  were  mixed  and  sold- 
as  pure  materials,  and  stuff  and  poisons  were  bottled 
and  packed  without  limit  This  filthy  and  dishonest 
practice  cut  both  ways.  Every  pound  of  such  stomach 
killers  displaced  a  pound  of  pure  food  and  helped 
break  down  the  health  of  the  people.  The  trade  was 
enormously  profitable.  The  oleo  men  in  their  day 
could  take  10-cent  fat,  “doctor”  and  color  it  and  sell 
it  at  30  cents,  but  these  food  adulterators  could  beat 
such  profit  by  1,000  per  cent.  Dr.  Wiley  fought  this 
gang  of  food  thieves  almost  alone.  A  competent 
chemist  and  a  fearless  man,  he  drove  the  frauds  from 
cover  to  cover  and  from  tree  to  tree,  until  Congress 
passed  the  pure  food  law.  Many  laws  are  passed  and 
then  left  to  die  by  the  wayside — there  being  no  one 
brave  and  strong  enough  to  stay  by  them  until  public 
spirit  is  aroused  in  their  favor.  Dr.  Wiley  took  the 
job  of  seeing  that  the  law  was  enforced.  You  may 
search  the  history  of  this  country  without  finding  a 
case  where  one  man  has  done  more  to  make  a 
righteous  law  effective  and  respected.  For  doing  this 
Dr.  Wiley  has  been  subjected  to  abuse  and  criticism 
which  would  wither  99  per  cent  of  the  men  in  public 
life.  These  food  sharks  are  not  willing  to  give  up  the 
millions  which  poisons  and  filth  have  brought  them. 
Again  and  again,  first  in  one  way  and  then  in  an¬ 
other,  they  work  for  Dr.  Wiley’s  removal.  A  few 
weeks  ago  we  printed  part  of  a  letter  in  which  a  bribe 
of  advertising  was  offered  to  the  papers  who  would 
carry  out  their  infamous  program.  Now  they  have 
been  working  on  a  new  line.  Trivial  charges  were 
trumped  up  against  Dr.  Wiley,  and  President  Taft  is 
asked  to  remove  him !  Back  of  all  this  is  the  old 
scheme  to  get  rid  of  a  good  watchdog  who  will  not 
permit  thieves  to  break  in  and  steal.  The  rogue  who 
has  felt  the  dog’s  teeth  while  trying  to  rob  a  hen 
roost  would  naturally  use  all  his  powers  of  per¬ 
suasion  to  induce  the  owner  to  get  rid  of  the  dog! 
The  chicken  thief  is  a  gentleman  beside  the  public 
poisoners  and  trash  packers  who  are  trying  to  re¬ 
move  Dr.  Wiley.  The  public  are  vitally  interested  in 
this  fight.  The  pure  food  laws  must  be  enforced  and 
made  stronger.  Dr.  Wiley  is  the  man  for  the  place, 
and  he  must  be  kept  right  where  he  is. 

* 

On  page  783  is  a  discussion  of  the  matter  of 
cancellation  of  orders  taken  by  a  nursery  agent.  We 
have  no  doubt  nurserymen  are  right  in  their  state¬ 
ment  that  many  bogus  excuses  are  made  for  not  ac¬ 
cepting  trees.  We  have  no  defense  whatever  for  a 
man  who  would  order  trees,  sign  a  definite  contract 
to  accept  them  and  then  simply  change  his  mind 
and  try  to  evade  his  responsibility.  In  many  such 
cases  the  nurserymen  accept  the  order  in  good  faith, 
settle  with  their  agents  and  even  pay  for  the  stock. 
The  man  who  makes  such  a  bargain  with  them  and 
is  able  to  carry  it  out  should  be  held  to  his  contract 
unless  he  can  show  that  he  was  induced  to  sign 
through  misrepresentation  or  fraud.  We  wish  to  have 
it  distinctly  understood  that  we  would  not  uphold  any 
violation  of  a  contract  simply  “to  get  out  of  it.”  At 
the  same  time  we  feel  that  in  the  case  mentioned  the 
buyer  should  not  have  been  forced  to  take  the  stock. 
He  had  sold  his  farm,  and  had  no  place  to  plant  the 


July  29, 

trees.  He  notified  the  nurseryman  in  time  and  we 
think  he  had  good  reason  for  refusing  the  stock. 
What  we  wish  to  condemn  is  the  cold-blooded  propo¬ 
sition  of  those  nurserymen  that  they  pay  no  attention 
to  such  notices,  but  go  ahead  and  force  payment 
wherever  they  can.  We  know  that  many  nurserymen 
do  try  to  investigate  such  cases,  and  they  would  not 
force  a  man  to  accept  what  they  knew  he  could  not 
use.  This  business  of  paying  no  attention  to  a  fair 
request  has  no  justification  whatever.  If  it  is  to  be 
the  general  practice  our  advice  would  be  to  refuse  to 
sign  any  contract  to  buy  such  goods. 

* 

That  recent  article  on  Eucalyptus  growing  in  Cali¬ 
fornia  has  stirred  up  a  hornet’s  nest.  The  hornets  in 
this  case  are  gentlemen  who  seem  to  have  stock  in 
Eucalyptus  “booms”  for  sale.  Several  of  their  letters 
have  fallen  into  our  hands.  They  are  very  sorry  for 
our  “ignorance.”  Thank  you,  gentlemen.  We  ap¬ 
preciate  your  kindness.  Ignorance  is  a  misfortune 
rather  than  a  crime.  We  have  no  doubt  the  time  will 
come  when  Eucalyptus  will  add  a  profitable  supply  to 
our  hard  wood  timber.  If  one  has  the  land  and  can 
do  it  himself  we  would  not  advise  against  planting. 
We  have  just  “ignorance”  enough  of  high  finance  to 
keep  on  advising  our  readers  never  to  buy  stock  in 
any  scheme  for  planting  these  trees  on  a  large  scale. 
Keep  right  away  from  the  promoters. 

* 

A  letter  is  reported  from  President  Taft’s  secre¬ 
tary  to  John  M.  Stahl  in  which  the  following  occurs: 

The  President  is  strongly  in  favor  of  the  establishment 
of  a  general  parcels  post,  and  will  recommend  the  same, 
without  qualification,  in  liis  next  message. 

We  shall  believe  parcels  post  is  coming  when  we 
see  it  in  actual  operation.  President  Taft  as  a  parcels 
poster  will  be  very  welcome.  We  assume  that  the 
President  knows  what  farmers  in  the  Northern  States 
and  along  the  border  think  of  him.  Perhaps  this  does 
not  disturb  him,  but  his  persistent  fight  for  Canadian 
reciprocity  has  without  any  question  lost  him  the  sup¬ 
port  of  the  most  loyal  and  devoted  members  of  his 
party  in  northern  New  York,  New  England,  Ohio 
and  similar  States.  We  refer  to  the  farmers  who 
have  for  years  and  in  many  eases  against  their  best 
interests  supported  a  high  tariff.  We  do  not  believe 
the  President  has  ever  quite  realized  what  his  course 
has  meant  to  these  farmers.  He  could  not  possibly 
do  a  wiser  or  more  politic  thing  now  than  to  come 
out  openly  for  parcels  post  and  push  a  bill  through 
Congress  just  as  he  did  with  reciprocity.  He  will 
find  this  a  hard  thing  to  do,  for  both  of  the  political 
parties  are  deathly  afraid  of  the  express  companies. 

* 

Comparatively  few  people  seem  to  realize  that  the 
State  Legislatures  are  acting  upon  a  proposed  con¬ 
stitutional  amendment  which  may  change  our  entire 
system  of  collecting  public  revenues.  A  few  years  ago 
the  Supreme  Court  declared  a  Federal  income  tax 
unconstitutional.  The  friends  of  this  form  of  taxa¬ 
tion  proceeded  to  agitate  for  a  constitutional  amend¬ 
ment.  Such  an  amendment  must  be  ratified  by  the 
Legislatures  of  35  States.  New  York  has  just  en¬ 
dorsed  the  proposition,  which  makes  31  in  favor  to 
eight  opposed.  Five  out  of  the  eight  States  opposed 
are  in  New  England,  with  New  Jersey  added.  Maine 
is  the  only  New  England  State  supporting  the  tax. 
Opposition  to  the  plan  is  largely  sectional,  and  is  due 
to  the  fact  that  the  Eastern  States  are  the  money 
lenders— controlling  a  large  share  of  the  nation’s  cash. 
These  money  lenders  feel  that  this  tax  is  aimed 
against  them.  They  can  now  invest  their  money  so 
that  the  borrowers  must  in  the  end  pay  taxes  as  well 
as  interest.  A  Federal  income  tax  will  not  only 
bring  more  concealed  fortunes  out  for  taxation,  but 
it  will  reduce  other  forms  of  taxation  and  lessen  the 
necessity  for  a  tariff  for  revenue.  The  amendment 
will  not  be  ratified  this  year,  but  it  seems  sure  to  be 
within  12  months. 


BREVITIES. 

An  accursed  habit — lashing  the  horses  with  a  whip  on 
general  principles. 

It  required  150, 1 16  tons  of  soapstone  to  supply  this 
country’s  needs  last  year. 

Now  we  have  a  class  of  men  coming  forward  to  tell  us 
how  much  of  their  living  they  can  supply  from  their  own 
farms.  That  is  good  work. 

Several  readers  have  come  recently  asking  where  they 
can  buy  oxen.  These  people  generally  own  motor  cars, 
too.  They  want  oxen  for  the  slow,  heavy  farm  work. 

“When  my  ship  comes  in  !”  We  wish  we  had  the  power 
to  blow  upon  the  sails  of  your  lost  vessel.  It  will  come 
some  day  when  you  least  expect  it.  The  cargo  may  not  be 
what  you  figure  on  now — but  it  may  be  better. 

New  Jersey  has  been  called  the  paradise  of  motor  car 
drivers.  Prince  Edward  Island  is  the  reverse  of  this,  for 
the  law  there  provides  that  anyone  running  a  motor 
vehicle  on  the  highways  or  public  places  of  that  island 
shall  be  fined  $500  or  jailed  six  months ! 


789 


1911. 

OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

On  Monday  Judge  D.  P.  Dyer  of  the 
United  States  District  Court  at  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  announced  that  he  had  invited  Judge 
Smith  McPherson  of  Iowa  to  assist  him 
in  the  final  determination  of  the  suits  filed 
against  the  E.  G.  Lewis  properties  by 
Claud  D.  Hall,  who  represented  numerous 
creditors.  About  twenty  affidavits  were 
filed  by  Mr.  Hall  on  behalf  of  complain¬ 
ants,  and  intervening  petitions  of  forty  ad¬ 
ditional  creditors  representing  claims  from 


THE  RURAh 

per  front  foot  would  be  placed  with  the 
People's  Savings  Trust  Co.  for  improv¬ 
ing  the  lots.  Claud  D.  Hall,  the  credit¬ 
ors’  attorney,  contended  from  the  first 
that  as  this  fund  was  promised  to  be 
used  as  an  improvement  of  the  prop¬ 
erty,  it  was  part  of  the  security  belong¬ 
ing  to  the  note  holders.  The  receiver 
is  of  this  opinion  also.  This  amounts 
to  about  $80,000  and  he  has  demanded  of 
the  Trust  Company  that  this  amount  be 


$200  to  $1,800  each  were  also  filed.  Lewis’s  ...  - -  — - -  -  — „ 

It,  omey  Med  a  plea  denying  ,  he  jurM,  cion  pa.d  over  for  the  benefit  of  the  credt  t-  t,o  awnjen  and  ^ysetf 


of  the  court,  claiming  that  applications 
held  against  properties  of  the  defendants  are 
separate  and  distinct  and  no  one  claim  was 
sufficient  in  itself  to  be  heard  in  the  Federal 
Court. 

On  Wednesday  the  court,  consisting  of 
Judges  Dyer  and  McPherson,  heard  the 
cases  and  on  Thursday  morning  a  decision 
was  rendered  in  favor  of  the  creditors 
and  a  receiver  was  appointed  for  all  the 
Lewis  companies  including  the  Peoples’  Sav¬ 
ings  Trust  Co.  A  receiver  also  was  ap¬ 
pointed  in  the  Mercereau  foreclosure  pro¬ 
ceeding  on  the  trust  agreement  of  February 
14,  1910,  involving  sections  1,  2  and  3  of 
University  Heights. — Dispatch,  St.  Louis, 
Mo. 


Last  week  Lewis  was  indicted  by  the 
Federal  Grand  Jury  for  alleged  fraudu¬ 
lent  use  of  the  mails.  Some  weeks  pre¬ 
vious  a  bankruptcy  suit  on  behalf  of  the 
creditors  against  the  Lewis  Pub.  Co. 
was  filed  in  the  United  States  Court  and 
at  the  same  time  a  receiver  was  ap¬ 
pointed  for  the  foreclosure  of  the  mort¬ 
gage  of  June  4,  1909,  covering  70  acres 
of  the  University  Heights  Realty  and 
Development  Co.  Now  we  have  a  re¬ 
ceiver  for  foreclosure  of  the  mortgage 
of  the  remaining  property  of  the  Realty 
Company,  and  a  receiver  under  the  gen¬ 
eral  creditors’  bill  for  all  of  the  Lewis 
companies,  including  the  People’s  Sav¬ 
ings  Trust  Co.  E.  G.  Lewis  and  his 
wife,  John  Lewis,  John  W.  Williams, 
his  agents,  attorney  and  representatives, 
and  Lewis  B.  Tebbetts.  The  Lewis  at¬ 
torneys  admitted  that  the  State  Banking 
Department  had  already  demanded  that 
the  People’s  Savings  and  Trust  Co.  pay 
off  its  depositors  and  cease  doing  busi¬ 
ness,  and  that  it  was  unable  to  pay  a 
certificate  of  deposit  for  $80,000,  an  ad¬ 
mission  of  insolvency.  Asked  by  the 
court  if  he  could  give  the  entire  indebt¬ 
edness  of  the  Lewis  Pub.  Co.,  he  replied 
that  it  owed  $600,000  on  notes  and  about 
$300,000  additional,  and  that  the  real 
estate  was  mortgaged  for  more  than  it 
is  worth.  The  court  asked  if  he  could 
give  approximately  the  entire  indebted¬ 
ness  on  the  real  estate  properties.  The 
attorney  replied :  “Impossible,  I  could 
give  you  a  list  of  the  mortgages,  but  you 
would  find  that  one  Lewis  company 
owes  another,  that  the  other  one  owes  a 
third  one,  and  that  the  third  one  owes 
the  first.”  He  said  he  had  been  working 
at  it  for  months,  and  the  best  firm  of 
accountants  he  could  get  said  it  would 
take  eight  or  nine  months  to  get  at  the 
bottom  of  it. 

In  his  opinion  Judge  McPherson  is 
reported  to  have  compared  the  Lewis 
schemes  to  the  Mississippi  Bubble  and 
other  historical  get-rich-quick  episodes, 
and  said  if  a  fraction  of  the  allegations 
made  in  the  receivership  petition  are 
true,  the  Lewis  affair  constituted  one  of 
the  most  gigantic  frauds  of  the  cen¬ 
tury..  The  dispatches  indicate  that  the 
court  had  a  pretty  clear  conception 
of  the  fraudulent  character  of  these 
concerns  and  the  result  would  seem  to 
indicate  that  whatever  is  left  of  these 
properties  will  now  be  liquidated  for  the 
benefit  of  the  creditors.  At  all  events 
Lewis’s  exploitation  of  sensible  country 
people  will  cease.  It  is  not  conceivable 
that  any  one  outside  of  a  lunatic  asylum 
would  again  contribute  to  his  fraudulent 
schemes,  no  matter  on  what  pretext,  or 
how  alluring  he  made  them. 

The  receiver  in  the  first  foreclosure 
suit  made  his  first  report  on  Monday. 
Holders  of  the  notes  against  this  mort¬ 
gage  will  remember  that  they  were 
promised  that  a  fund  amounting  to  $6 


ors.  The  attorney  admitted  that  this 
was  in  the  form  of  a  matured  certificate 
of  deposit;  but  that  the  Trust  Company 
could  not  pay  it.  Lewis,  who,  he  said 
always  did  everything  wrong,  turned 
over  notes  to  the  amount  of  $80,000,  and 
the  certificate  of  deposit  was  issued 
where  no  money  had  been  paid  in.  This 
trick  was  used  to  boost  the  deposits  of 
the  bank.  The  court  inquired  if  reports 
of  the  bank  were  made  under  oath,  and 
it  was  assumed  by  attorney  that  they 
were.  This  feature  may  be  inquired 
into  again.  The  receiver  reports  that 
the  issue  of  notes  on  Section  5  ex¬ 
ceeded  $985,000,  part  of  which  have 
been  cancelled;  that  the  entries  as 
to  Section  5  are  almost  inextric¬ 
ably  commingled  with  the  entries  re¬ 
lating  to  other  sections;  that  they  have 
been  unable  to  ascertain  to  what  extent, 
if  any,  interest  has  been  paid.  The  re¬ 
ceiver’s  report  states : 

The  University  Heights  Realty  &  Devel¬ 
opment  Company  appears  to  maintain  in¬ 
tricate  and  intimate  relations  with  the 
Lewis  Publishing  Company,  the  People’s 
Savings  Trust  Company,  E.  G.  Lewis  and 
various  others,  many  cross  entries  are  made. 

It  is  difficult  to  exact  much  sequence  from 
the  correspondence.  A  number  of  files  have 
been  examined  and  all  have  been  found 
fragmentary.  The  monies  derived  from  the 
sale  of  notes  on  Section  5  were  commingled 
with  other  monies  derived  from  the  sale  of 
other  notes  of  the  Realty  Company.  These 
monies  were  in  large  part  deposited  in  the 
St.  Louis  County  Bank  and  considerable 
of  said  money  so  deposited  appears  to  have 
been  eventually  transferred  to  the  Lewis 
Publishing  Company  and  E.  G.  Lewis. 

While  the  receiver  seems  to  be  unable 
to  show  with  any  degree  of  accuracy 
what  interest,  if  any,  has  been  paid  on 
the  notes,  he  does  show  that  the  total 
amount  of  the  notes  issued  is  far  in  ex¬ 
cess  of  the  mortgage  of  $537,000,  but 
they  have  been  unable  to  ascertain  just 
how  many  were  outstanding  at  any  one 
time.  Many  of  the  notes  seem  to  have 
been  issued  to  Lewis  himself,  to  the 
Realty  Company,  and  to  the  Trust  Com¬ 
pany,  and  the  Trust  Company  seems  to 
hold  many  of  them  now.  The  attorney 
believes  that  if  Lewis  holds  any  of  these 
notes  yet,  they  will  be  able  to  have  them 
cancelled.  It  is  not  thought  that  the 
court  would  permit  him  to  reap  the 
benefit  of  the  notes  after  having  bought 
the  property  for  $114,000,  and  having 
sold  mortgage  notes  against  it  to  the 
people  for  $537,000. 

All  claims  whether  sent  to  Williams  or 
not,  should  now  be  properly  presented  to 
the  court.  This  may  be  done  through 
your  own  attorney,  or  if  the  claims  are 
sent  to  us  they  will  be  protected  with 
those  of  our  other  clients ;  or  the  claims 
may  be  sent  direct  to  Mr.  Claud  D.  Hall, 
705  Olive  street,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  who  has 
charge  of  the  interests  of  creditors  in  all 
of  these  actions. 

Because  E.  G.  Lewis  and  his  associ¬ 
ates  objected  to  having  his  books  in¬ 
spected  by  Federal  officials,  District  At¬ 
torney  Houts  secured  an  order  from  the 
court  to  have  them  impounded,  and  the 
books  are  now  in  the  custody  of  the 
court,  though,  of  course,  Lewis  and  his 
attorneys  have  access  to  them.  They 
include  the  records  and  account  books 
of  the  Lewis  Pub.  Co.,  the  University 
Heights  Realty  and  Development  Co., 
the  Development  and  Investment  Co., 
the  E.  G.  Lewis  Estate,  and  files  of  the 
Woman’s  National  Daily.  These  books 
are  impounded,  so  that  they  will  be 
available  when  the  Lewis  trial  comes 
up.  It  is  thought  that  the  indictment 
of  Lewis  was  largely  on  information 
received  by  the  Grand  Jury  from  these 
records. 


NEW-YORKER 

DIARY  OF  FARM  WORK. 

A  Day  in  Indiana. 

Our  farm  is  75  acres,  21  acres  corn,  29 
in  potatoes,  five  in  Alfalfa  ana  six  being 
prepared  for  Alfalfa ;  six  left  to  spread 
manure  on  during  the  Summer  from  our 
barn  and  two  livery  barns  one  and  one- 
quarter  miles  distant.  One  acre  in  com¬ 
mon  hay,  and  remainder  for  buildings  and 
pasture.  Four  horses,  three  cows,  two 
yearlings  and  one  calf  and  nine  pigs  are 
on  the  place.  We  get  up  at  4.50  A.  M. ; 
hired  man  and  myself  do  the  barn  chores, 
my  17-year-old  son  working  in  the  garden. 
We  had  breakfast  at  6.10;  at  6.40  two  one- 
horse  cultivators  started  in  the  potatoes 

hoeing  them. 

_ _  _  _  my  wife  get 

ready,  on  short  notice,  to  go  to  Shelbyville, 
Tennessee,  to  see  her  brother’s  wife,  who 
is  very  sick ;  raked  and  bunched  the  one 
acre  of  hav,  then  went  back  to  the  pota¬ 
toes.  At  6'  P.  M.  we  all  came  in  from  the 
field,  the  day  men  went  home  and  the  rest 
of  us  did  chores,  supper  at  6.45  o’clock. 
Posted  my  journal,  read  some  in  Tub  R. 
N.-Y.  and  daily  paper  and  went  to  bed  at 
9  o’clock.  k.  c.  b. 

Crown  Point,  Ind. 


we  raise,  for  we  have  the  market  of  the 
Thousand  Islands.  The  long  drive  to  Clay¬ 
ton  with  produce  is  the  hardest  part  of  the 
work,  for  the  trip  is  best  made  early  in  the 
morning  or  late  at  night.  The  proceeds  of 
this  day  are  as  follows — it  has  been  the 
banner  day  for  sales  so  far  this  year : 

46  quarts  strawberries  fit  15  cents..  $6.90 
38  quarts  strawberries  at  12  cents. .  4.56 

2  quarts  strawberries  at  12%  cents  .25 
106  quarts  strawberries  at  10  cents. .  10.60 

11  8-12  dozen  eggs .  2.10 

1  rooster . 50 


Total  . $24.91 

Cape  Vincent,  N.  Y.  e.  r.  f. 


On  a  Mississippi  Farm. 

We  have  been  having  a  wet  spell.  There 
has  been  rain  20  days  of  the  last  23,  though 
sometimes  only  light  showers,  and  the  grass 
and  weeds  have  not  neglected  their  oppor¬ 
tunity.  Our  soil  would  be  called  a  clay 
loam.  Dews  and  capillary  water  make  the 
surface  wetter  in  the  morning  than  it  was 
in  the  evening  before,  so  much  that  if  it  is 
too  wet  to  work  in  the  afternoon,  it  is  not 
much  use  to  try  the  next  morning. 

Monday  morning,  July  12,  did  not  look 
very  promising  for  fair  weather,  but  the 
bit  of  Alfalfa  needed  cutting.  In  fact,  it 
should  have  been  cut  at  least  10  days  ago. 
The  cutting  took  about  3%  hours,  and  then 
the  team  cultivated  corn  till  noon.  The 
ground  was  really  too  wet  to  work.  One 
horse  was  set  to  work  running  a  swath 
around  the  cotton  and  kept  at  ‘t  all  day. 
Two  of  the  boys  who  are  in  the  boys’  corn 
club,  hoed  weeds  and  grass  out  of  then- 
corn.  One  team  took  a  load  of  stove  wood, 
two-fifths  cord,  to  town,  and  brought  back 
a  barrel  of  flour,  three  sacks  of  cornmeal 
and  a  bag  of  chicken  feed.  In  the  after¬ 
noon  we  brought  in  that  Alfalfa.  I  know 
writers  recommend  more  curing  than  that, 
but  we  only  have  a  little  at  a  time  and  it 
is  not  very  heavy,  and  we  have.  had  no 
trouble  from  mowing  it  the  day  it  is  cut. 
One  of  the  boys  spent  some  time  shooting 
bluejays  that  are  destroying  lots  of  our 
oldest  corn.  After  the  hay  was  in,  one  boy 
plowed  sugar  cane  the  rest  of  the  evening 
and  the  rest  of  us  hoed  peanuts.  We  had 
our  first  ripe  grapes  for  supper,  Delawares. 

Of  course  the  chores,  feeding  and  milking, 
come  morning  and  evening  as  on  every 
farm.  We  began  this  morning  at  half-past 
four.  Supper  comes  after  the  evening’s  work 
is  all  done  and  the  clock  struck  eight  while 
we  were  eating  it. 

Tuesday  I  took  one  team  and  began 
plowing  wheat  stubble  for  Alfalfa.  The 
ragweeds  are  up  waist  high  on  about  half 
of  it.  This  is  a  black  gummy  land,  and  the 
plowing  is  hard  work  for  both  man  ana 
team.  It  is  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile 
from  the  house,  and  so  we  take  a  load  of 
manure,  morning  and  noon  as  we  go  to  work 
and  scatter  over  the  poorer  spots  ahead  of 
the  plow.  One  team  cultivated  corn.  This 
corn  was  planted  middle  of  June  after  oats. 
The  rains  brought  up  the  morning  glories 
and  grass  in  about  two  days,  but  it  took 
the  corn  five.  It  was  too  wet  to  harrow. 
rI’he  corn  was  cultivated  when  a  week  old, 
but  the  ground  was  not  dry  enough  and  we 
did  a  poor  job  of  killing  grass  and  weeds. 
The  ground  is  still  a  little  wet,  but  lots  of 
the  morning  glories  are  as  high  as  the  corn, 
and  something  has  to  be  done.  One  horse 
worked  all  day  in  the  cotton  and  another 
was  kept  busy  in  the  sugar  cane  and  sweet 
potatoes.  w*  M- 

Jackson,  Miss. 

A  Day  On  a  25-acre  Farm. 

It  was  not  yet  light  enough  to  see  clearly 
when  we  began  our  work  on  July  3.  Farmer 
F.  did  the  chores  at  the  barn,  cutting  green 
peas  and  oats  for  the  four  cows,  doing  the 
milking  and  feeding  the  horses  and  water¬ 
ing  them,  also  the  75  hens  and  200  chickens. 
Then  the  steady  old  horse  was  hitched  to 
the  buggy,  ready  for  the  two  boys  (10  and 
five  years  old)  to  drive  to  Clayton,  8%  miles 
awav,  with  a  crate  of  berries  picked  the 
evening  before.  As  early  as  4  a.  in.  break¬ 
fast  of  a  cereal,  toast  and  eggs,  coffee  and 
strawberries  was  on  the  table,  and  the  two 
little  boys  started  for  Clayton  directly  after¬ 
ward.  I  had  a  lunch  put  up  for  them  to 
eat  on  the  way,  and  besides  they  bought 
oranges  at  Clayton  to  eat  on  the  way  home. 
At  6  a.  m.  we  began  to  pick  strawberries, 
for  there  had  been  scarcely  any  dew.  We 
worked  until  11  a.  m.,  but  because  of  the 
intense  heat  did  not  begin  work  in  the  field 
again  until  2  p.  m.  Two  of  the  helpers 
could  not  stand  the  heat,  so  that  left  but 
two  of  us  to  finish  the  work.  We  picked 
until  dark — 198  quarts  in  all.  After  dinner 
the  little  boys  washed  the  buggy  down  by 
the  spring  under  the  big  trees,  so  as  to  have 
it  ready  for  the  Fourth,  and  later  they 
helped  get  in  the  hay.  This  seems  like 
heavy  work  for  boys,  but  they  are  little 
workers  and  strong  and  large  for  their  ages. 
Their  appetites  are  alarming,  and  the  work 
of  getting  the  meals  is  the  hardest  part  of 
the  housework  at  the  camp.  But  with  green 
peas,  new  potatoes  and  strawberries  right 
at  hand  it  is  not  too  hard  a  task.  It  seems 
as  if  we  were  getting  away  from  our  hard 
work  for  a  while  when  we  have  our  nice 
dinner,  served  picnic  fashion  in  our  outdoor 
room  at  the  camp.  It  is  a  large  porch  with 
a  railing,  built  around  seven  big  trees,  and 
it  makes  an  ideal  dining  room  these  hot 
days. 

At  4  p.  m.  Farmer  F.  milked  the  cows  and 
left  the  milk  in  the  can  in  the  spring  house 
cooling,  fed  the  stock,  and  at  5  p.  m.  was  on 
his  way  to  Clayton  with  berries  again.  I 
picked  one  more  crate  of  32  quarts  after 
that,  and  sold  them ;  also  20  quarts  more 
that  had  been  saved  out  for  some  neighbors. 
The  12-year-old  girl  did  the  housework  at 
the  camp,  except  getting  the  meals,  and  I 
helped  take  care  of  baby  John.  This  was  a 
strenuous  day,  but  not  unusually  so  for  this 
time  of  year.  We  get  good  prices  for  what 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC.— The  village  of  South  Water- 
boro.  Me.,  was  swept  by  flames  July  12. 
Thirty  dwellings  and  nine  other  buildings 
wei-e  destroyed  and  100  persons  made  home¬ 
less.  The  loss  is  estimated  at  $300,000. 
After  destroying  the  village  the  fire  raced 
through  the  woods  and  swept  a  path  four 
miles  long  through  valuable  timber  land, 
leaving  also  the  ruins  of  three  isolated  farm 
houses  in  its  trail. 

As  a  result  of  the  forest  fires  that  are 
sweeping  unchecked  through  northern  On¬ 
tario  at  least  50  lives  are  lost,  many  have 
been  injured,  hundreds  are  missing  and  it 
is  feared  scores  of  these  will  be  included  in 
the  fatalities.  Thirty  persons  died  in  Por¬ 
cupine.  Fifteen  men  were  drowned  at  South 
Porcupine.  They  were  driven  into  the  lake 
by  the  clouds  of  smoke  and  rolling  wave  of 
fire.  Two  men  were  burned  to  death  at  El¬ 
dorado  mine  and  another  met  a  similar  fate 
at  the  United  Porcupine  mines.  Three 
towns  have  been  wiped  off  the  map  and  hun¬ 
dreds  of  refugees  are  facing  starvation.  A 
train  containing  600  women  and  children 
was  rushed  out  of  Cochrane  July  12  for 
the  south,  as  the  wall  of  flames  advanced 
toward  the  village.  The  town  of  2,500  in¬ 
habitants  was  soon  a  mass  of  fire  and  is 
entirely  destroyed.  South  Porcupine  and 
Pittsville  are  charred  ruins.  Two  special 
trains  were  sent  to  bring  the  4,000  persons 
facing  starvation  or  death  by  lire  in  the  Tis¬ 
dale  district.  The  flames  swept  down  on 
South  Porcupine  and  Pittsville  almost  with¬ 
out  warning.  The  alarm  came  just  in  time 
for  the  people  to  rush  for  the  lake,  but  they 
were  forced  to  abandon  all  of  their  belong¬ 
ings.  Refugees  from  the  burned  area  say 
that  it  covers  10,000  square  miles,  com¬ 
prising  a  district  that  housed  20,000  people. 
From  every  quarter  have  come  fugitives  who 
escaped  the  flames,  many  of  them  badly 
burned  in  their  efforts  to  save  effects  in  their 
flight.  Many  of  the  terror-stricken  fled  into 
the  interior  of  woodlands.  They  have  not 
been  heard  from  since.  Others  who  possibly 
survived  the  storm  of  fire  are  believed  to 
have  diiM  from  exhaustion. 

More  than  10  barrels  of  flies  were  gath¬ 
ered  by  the  232  contestants  in  an  anti-fly 
crusade,  which  began  on  June  22  and  came 
to  an  end  July  13  at  Worcester,  Mass.  The 
winner,  who  gets  a  prize  of  $100  and  turned 
in  95  quarts,  or  a  total  of  1,219,000,  flies, 
captured  in  traps  of  his  own  construction, 
claims  the  world’s  championship.  lie  is 
Earl  C.  Beusquet,  12  years  old.  The  entire 
collection  of  flies  will  be  placed  on  exhibi¬ 
tion  in  Clark  University. 

Two  revenue  officers  and  former  govern¬ 
ment  officials  are  charged  with  accepting 
bribes  in  indictments  returned  by  a  Federal 
grand  jury  at  Chicago,  July  13.  Twenty- 
one  officers  and  employees  of  butterine 
manufacturers  are  charged  with  conspiracy 
to  defraud  the  government  out  of  the  but¬ 
terine  tax,  the  bribery  of  government  offi¬ 
cials,  it  is  charged,  being  a  part  of  the 
conspiracy.  Four  of  the  employees  of  a 
company  of  which  former  Congressman 
William  .1.  Moxley  is  president,  are  among 
those  indicted.  The  government  is  said  to 
have  lost  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars 
by  the  alleged  frauds.  The  investigation 
which  resulted  in  the  return  of  the  indict¬ 
ments  was  begun  by  the  Federal  grand  jury 
last  March.  The  grand  jury  also  returned 
a  special  report  charging  three  revenue  de¬ 
partment  employees  with  giving  the  secrets 
of  the  jury  room  to  interested  persons,  and 
these  men  have  been  summoned  bfore  Judge 
K.  M.  Landis  to  show  cause  why  they 
should  not  be  punished  for  contempt. 

Two  persons  are  dead,  one  is  dying  and 
30  are  ill  in  one  district  in  Englewood, 
Chicago,  as  the  result  of  using  milk  in¬ 
fected  with  typhoid  fever  bacilli,  according 
to  the  Health  Department.  The  preva¬ 
lence  of  typhoid  cases  in  the  Englewood 
district  attracted  the  attention  of  tly; 
Health  Department.  Investigation  showed 
that  most  of  the  families  affected  received 
their  milk  from  one  dairy.  Further  inves¬ 
tigation  showed  Rose  Roersma  to  be  what 
the  medical  profession  term  a  “natural  car¬ 
rier.”  Like  the  famous  “Typhoid  Mary”  of 
New  York,  who  worked  as  a  domestic  and 
who,  though  free  from  the  disease  herself, 
carried  it  to  the  house  of  every  family 
where  she  worked  until  she  was  finally 
isolated.  Miss  Boersma  apparently  is  in 
good  health. 

Another  death  from  cholera  occurred  at 
the  Swinburne  Island  Hospital,  New  York, 
July  16,  and  four  additional  cases  devel¬ 
oped,  all  being  passengers  on  the  steamer 
Moltke  from  Italian  ports.  There  is  is  a 
serious  outbreak  of  cholera  in  Italy,  and 
passengers  arriving  from  that  country  are 
strictly  quarantined.  Eighteen  cases  of 
cholera  have  been  treated  at  New  York  so 
far. 

Rescued  with  difficulty  by  the  keeper  in 
charge  of  Rear  Admiral  Robert  E.  Peary's 
dogs  at  Eagle  Island,  Maine,  July  18,  Mar¬ 
garet  Neal,  the  10-year-old  daughter  of  Pro¬ 
fessor  Herbert  V.  Neal,  of  Tufts  College, 
was  horribly  bitten  about  the  feet  and  legs 
by  Old  King,  the  leader  and  the  largest  and 
most  ferocious  of  the  pack.  The  child  was 
wading,  while  her  father  and  sister,  who 
had  accompanied  her  to  the  spot,  were  in 
another  part  of  the  island,  when  the  dog 
sprang  upon  her,  and  the  remainder  of  the 
animals,  12  in  all,  gathered  about  and 
fought  to  get  at  her.  The  keeper  of  the 
island  was  attracted  Dy  the  child’s  screams 
and  the  snarling  of  the  pack,  and  with 
much  difficulty  drove  the  animals  off  The 
little  girl,  semi-conscious,  was  carried  to  the 
Tufts  laboratory,  in  So.  Harpswell.  where 
her  wounds — 12  ragged  gashes — were 
dressed.  She  will  recover. 


7QO 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

“WHERE  THERE'S  A  WILL  THERE’S 
A  WAY.” 

It  was  a  noble  Roman, 

In  Rome’s  imperial  day, 

Who  heard  a  coward  croaker 
Before  the  battle  say : 

“They’re  safe  In  such  a  fortress. 

There  is  no  way  to  shake  it.” — 

“On  !  on  !”  exclaimed  the  hero, 

“I’ll  find  a  way  or  make  it !” 

Is  Fame  your  aspiration? 

Her  path  is  steep  and  high  ; 

In  vain  he  seeks  the  temple. 

Content  to  gaze  and  sigh ; 

The  shining  throne  is  waiting, 

But  he  alone  can  take  it 
Who  says,  with  Roman  firmness. 

I’ll  find  a  way  or  make  it! 

Is  Learning  your  ambition? 

There  is  no  royal  road ; 

Alike  the  peer  and  peasant 
Must  climb  to  her  abode  ; 

Who  feels  the  thirst  for  knowledge, 

In  Helicon  may  slake  it, 

If  he  has  still  the  Roman  will 
To  find  a  way  or  make  it ! 

Are  riches  worth  the  getting? 

They  must  be  bravely  sought ; 

With  wishing  and  with  fretting 
The  boon  can  not  be  bought ; 

To  all  the  prize  is  open, 

But  only  he  can  take  it 
Who  says,  with  Roman  courage, 

I’ll  find  a  way  or  make  it ! 

In  Love’s  impassioned  warfare, 

The  tale  has  ever  been 
That  victory  crowns  the  valiant ; 

The  brave  are  they  who  win  ; 

Though  strong  is  Beauty’s  castle, 

A  lover  still  may  take  it, 

Who  says,  with  Roman  daring, 

I’ll  find  a  way  or  make  it ! 

—John  G.  Saxe. 

* 

In  addition  to  the  outing  hats  of 
white  duck,  linen  or  pique,  the  are  some 
“Summer  beavers”  made  of  a  fabric  like 
Turkish  toweling.  The  material  is 
stretched  firmly  over  a  light  frame,  just 
as  a  satin-covered  hat  is  made.  These 
hats  are  made  in  stylish  shapes,  and  are 
very  light,  but  not  as  practical  as  the 
duck  or  pique,  which  launders  easily, 
and  has  a  smart  look  when  trimmed 

with  a  colored  scarf. 

* 

Prickly  heat  and  similar  slight  skin 
affections  often  add  misery  to  hot 
weather,  and  cause  a  surprising  amount 
of  actual  suffering  if  they  are  neglected. 
Sometimes  a  troublesome  eczema  occurs 
in  people  of  rheumatic  tendencies, 
which  may  become  extremely  sore,  and 
quite  persistent.  We  find  borax  very 
helpful  in  any  of  these  troubles,  bath¬ 
ing  the  afflicted  part  in  borax  water 
(two  teaspoonfuls  of  powdered  borax 
dissolved  in  a  quart  of  water)  and,  after 
drying,  dusting  liberally  with  borated 
talcum  powder.  The  same  treatment  is 
excellent  for  chafing  of  the  skin,  which 
is  often  a  serious  matter  with  stout 
people  in  hot  weather.  Careful  diet, 
with  the  avoidance  of  heating  food,  is 
a  necessity  at  this  season  where  there  is 
liability  to  skin  disorders,  though  the 
heat  rash  that  causes  so  much  annoy¬ 
ance  is  very  different  from  the  more 
serious  troubles  that  call  for  medical 
attention. 

* 

What  are  you  doing  to  lighten  house¬ 
work  during  the  dog  days?-  Laundry 
work  increases  at  this  season,  and  there 
is  the  extra  care  of  canning  and  pre¬ 
serving,  while,  in  many  farm  homes 
there  is  extra  help  to  be  provided  with 
board.  It  is  evident  that  we  can  only 
lighten  work  by  doing  away  with  the 
superfluous  in  household  gear,  such  as 
rugs  and  curtains  or  needless  decora¬ 
tion  of  the  dust-catching  type;  by  using 
a  fireless  cooker  wherever  we  can,  in¬ 
stead  of  the  glowing  cook  stove,  and  by 
planning  for  cool  apparel  that  takes  the 
minimum  of  ironing.  In  addition  to 
cool  and  pretty  waists  of  cotton  crape, 
which  only  need  to  have  collar  and  cuffs 
flattened  with  the  iron,  we  find  ripplette, 
which  is  the  modern  form  of  crinkled 
seersucker,  in  all  colors,  and  this  makes 


THE  RURAL 

up  very  prettily.  Then  there  are  com¬ 
binations  and  separate  garments,  lace 
trimmed,  in  the  knit  underwear,  which, 
if  not  as  pretty  as  the"  frills  and  cambric 
women  and  girls  delight  in,  are  more 
easily  washed  and  mean  little  or  no 
ironing.  One-piece  chemise  night¬ 
gowns  of  cotton  crape  were  noted 
among  smart  underwear,  offered  for 
travelers’  wear,  as  they  would  not  re¬ 
quire  ironing,  and  are  very  cool.  This 
crape  costs  15  cents  a  yard,  and  the 
pattern  calls  for  about  six  yards  of 
goods,  for  the  medium  size. 

* 

“Some  folks,”  commented  Mr.  Peas- 
lee,  judicially,  “seem  to  be  gifted  in  the 
way  of  expressing  themselves  wrong.” 
Mr.  Blake  concurred,  and  even  went  sc 
far  as  to  mention'  his  own  wife  as  a 
good  example,  says  the  Youth’s  Com¬ 
panion.  But  Mr.  Peaslee  did  not  allow 
himself  to  be  diverted. 

“Now  there’s  Mis’  Parkins,”  he  went 
on,  as  if  he  alone  had  spoken.  “I  don’t 
s’pose  there’s  a  neater  woman  in  this 
village,  if  there’s  one  as  neat,  as  Mis’ 
Parkins.  An’  yet  I  heard  her  say  some¬ 
thing  this  mornin’  that  ’ud  give  a 
stranger,  or  a  pusson  that  didn’t  know 
her,  an  entirely  different  idea. 

“I  went  in  there  for  a  moment  this 
mornin’  to  see  that  niece  of  ’Lish  Par¬ 
kins— the  one  that  went  to  York  State 
fourteen  years  ago,”  continued  Mr. 
Peaslee,  warming  to  his  recital,  “an’  she 
an’  Mis’  Parkins  was  a-talking  over  old 
times. 

“I  don't  know  what  the  event  was 
that  Mis’  Parkins  was  tryin’  to  call  to 
the  girl’s  mind.  It  don’t  make  no  odds 
what  it  was.  What  I  want  to  tell  you 
was  how  she  fixed  the  date  of  whatever 
it  was. 

“It  seems  that  the  girl  couldn't  just 
remember  all  about  it,  an’  Mis’  Parkins 
was  about  on  the  edge  of  showing  a  lit¬ 
tle  out  o’  patience  with  her,  and  at  last 
she — Mis’  Parkins,  I  mean — bust  out 
at  her.  She  says :  * 

“  ‘Why,  Ellen,  of  course  you  remem¬ 
ber!  Don’t  you  remember  that  awful 
hot  day  sixteen  years  ago — the  day  I 
washed  ’Lisha’s  shirt?’ 

“Now,”  demanded  Mr.  Peaslee,  “what 
would  a  stranger  have  thought  of  that?” 

* 

The  Non-Smokers  Protective  League, 
national  in  scope,  is  seeking  incorpora¬ 
tion  in  New  York.  The  list  of  incor¬ 
porators  is  headed  by  Chancellor  James 
R.  Day,  of  Syracuse;  President  David 
Starr  Jordan,  of  Leland  Stanford;  Har¬ 
vey  W.  Wiley,  of  Washington,  D.  C. ; 
Prof.  Burt  G.  Wilder,  of  Cornell;  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Jenkin  Lloyd  Jones,  of  All 
Souls’  Church,  Chicago;  Prof.  Thomas 
B.  Stowell,  of  the  University  of  South¬ 
ern  California;  Prof.  Winfield  S.  Hall, 
of  Northwestern  University,  and  Charles 
G.  Pease,  the  dentist,  whose  right  to 
rank  with  the  other  incorporators  has 
been  gained  in  frequent  encounters 
with  smokers  in  the  subw’ay.  The  stated 
purpose  of  the  organization  is  to  en¬ 
courage  and  insist  on  the  enforcement 
of  all  public  laws,  ordinances,  rules  and 
regulations  against  smoking  in  public 
and  semi-public  places,  and  to  cooperate 
with  the  Board  of  Health,  police  and 
other  peace  officers  in  the  enforcement 
of  these  laws.  The  organization  also 
wants  the  cooperation  of  all  persons  in 
control  of  buildings,  halls,  restaurants, 
hotels,  theatres,  street  cars,  railway  sta¬ 
tions  and  cars,  sleeping  cars,  dining  cars 
and  all  other  places  provided  for  the 
use  of  the  general  public.  The  league 
wants  “to  prohibit  tobacco  smoking 
therein,  or  so  limit  and  restrict  it  that 
only  those  who  may  indulge  in  that 
habit  may  be  required  to  inhale  the  to¬ 
bacco  fumes.”  It  intends  to  “create  a 
wholesome  public  opinion  and  protect 
the  rights  of  the  public  to  the  fullest  ex¬ 
tent  as  guaranteed  under  the  law’s  of 
the  land.”  The  organization  will  con- 


new-yorker 

duct  lecture  bureaus,  publish  books  and 
magazines  and  establish  auxiliaries  in 
all  parts  of  the  country.  The  indiffer¬ 
ence  shown  by  smokers  towards  the 
comfort  or  rights  of  others  is  undoubt¬ 
edly  the  cause  of  this  movement.  Few 
of  us  would  be  so  selfish  as  to  desire 
the  curtailment  of  any  man’s  right  to 
whatever  consolation  he  finds  in  to¬ 
bacco,  so  long  as  he  does  not  make 


himself  a  public  nuisance  to  non-smok¬ 
ers.  There  is  an  increasing  tendency, 
however,  for  the  smoker  to  indulge 
wherever  he  goes  in  public  or  semi¬ 
public  places,  even  in  conveyances  or 
waiting  rooms  where  smoking  is  pro¬ 
hibited,  and  when  we  consider  the  va¬ 
ried  materials  used  in  this  fumigation, 
some  of  it  suggesting  by  its  unfrag¬ 
rance  a  combination  of  marline  and  rub¬ 
ber  boots,  it  is  not  surprising  that  even 
the  meekly  enduring  non-smoker  has 
revolted  at  last. 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  alivays  give 
number  of  patterns  and  measurements 
desired. 

The  first  group  shows  attractive 
models  for  underwear.  7068,  corset 
cover  for  misses  and  small  women,  14, 
16  and  18  years.  7073,  infant’s  plain 
slip  with  body  and  sleeves  in  one.  One 
size,  with  long  or  short  sleeves.  7080, 
square  yoke  night  gown  for  misses  and 
small  women,  14,  16  ..and  18  years,  with 
high  or  low  neck,  long  or  short  sleeves. 
7066,  girl’s  closed  drawers,  6  to  12  years. 


6873,  combination  corset  cover  and 
closed  drawers,  34  to  44  bust;  closed 
at  front  or  back;  price  of  each  pattern 
10  cents. 

In  the  second  group  are  6909,  one- 
piece  blouse  for  misses  and  small 
women,  14,  16  and  18  years.  7086,  one- 
piece  waist,  34  to  42  bust,  with  high  or 
“V  ’  shaped  neck,  with  or  with  sailor 
collar  and  under  sleeves  with  straight 


July  29, 

back  edges,  with  or  without  gussets  un¬ 
der  the  arms.  7088,  work  apron,  34  to 
44  bust,  with  square  or  high  neck,  with 
or  without  sleeves.  6828,  six-gored 
skirt,  24  to  32  waist,  with  plaited  side 
portions.  7083,  circular  skirt  with  ad¬ 
justable  train,  22  to  32  waist,  with  sep¬ 
arate  train  and  panel,  with  or  without 
seam  at  center  front,  train  to  be  cut  on 
square,  round  or  pointed  outline;  price 
of  each  10  cents. 


A  Tennessee  Country  Club. 

We  live  in  a  remote  village,  12  miles 
from  the  nearest  point  where  ice  may 
be  obtained.  There  are  weekly  ice  cream 
festivals  for  pay,  but  as  many  of  us 
possess  large  families  and  few  pennies, 
one  dish  around  is  something  near  the 
limit.  So  we  formed  a  club,  and  every 
two  weeks  we  all  “chip  in”  together, 
buy  a  few  hundred  pounds  of  ice,  bake 
cake,  jumbles,  furnish  sugar,  flavoring, 
salt  and  milk,  each  one  about  10  cents 
per  head,  and  then  just  make  our  ice 
cream  in  some  nearby  grove,  eat  and 
enjoy  ourselves.  There  are  eight  or 
10  families  and  about  40  youngsters,  so 
the  bill  is  light  compared  to  the 
amount  consumed.  Occasionally  we 
buy  less  ice  and  purchase  lemons  and 
bananas.  When  the  youngsters  are  not 
eating  they  are  swinging,  skipping  ropes, 
playing  ball  and  in  fact  doing  just  as 
they  please,  while  they  please  to  do  right. 
Some  of  the  members  are  musical,  one 
owns  a  graphophone;  all  consider  them¬ 
selves  in  honor  bound  to  do  their  part 
of  the  entertaining.  We  have  no  rules, 
by-laws  or  anything  of  the  kind.  As 
there  are  generally  a  few  too  poor  to 
help,  or  sick,  the  surplus  is  carried  to 
them,  and  it  is  worth  no  little  trouble  to 
note  their  appreciation  of  the  little  act 
of  kindness.  Mrs.  d.  b.  p. 


The  Carpet  Beetle. 

Kindly  give  me  any  information  you 
know  of  regarding  the  habits  of  carpet 
bugs,  also  the  best  method  of  destroying 
same  after  they  have  got  into  the  house. 

B.  P. 

The  insect  referred  to  is,  we  as¬ 
sume,  the  Buffalo  carpet  beetle,  whose 
hairy  larva  is  so  destructive.  It  is  a 
stout  oval  beetle  about  one-eighth  of  an 
inch  long,  black  mottled  with  yellowish 
white  and  red.  Its  larva  is  a  stout 
shaggy  grub.  Another  variety  is  the 
black  carpet  beetle,  rather  larger  but 
more  slender.  The  larva  is  slender,  red¬ 
dish  brown,  with  a  long  brushy  tail  of 
reddish  hairs.  Both  these  beetles  are 
common  in  the  garden  in  May  and  June, 
and  are  also  found  on  the  windows  in 
Spring.  The  beetles  lay  their  eggs  in 
convenient  places,  and  the  grubs  develop 
rapidly. 

Among  control  methods  an  early  use 
of  the  window  screens,  as  soon  as  win¬ 
dows  are  left  open  in  Spring,  will  keep 
out  beetles,  and  one  should  also  be  care¬ 
ful  that  they  are  not  brought  into  the 
house  with  flowers.  Badly  infested  car¬ 
pets  should  be  taken  out  of  doors  and 
sprayed  with  benzine,  keeping  them  out¬ 
side  until  the  inflammable  substance  has 
all  evaporated.  Where  the  infestation 
is  in  small  patches,  lay  a  damp  cloth 
on  the  carpet  and  pass  a  very  hot  iron 
over  it;  the  steam  penetrates  the  fabric 
and  destroys  the  pest.  Laying  tarred 
paper  under  the  carpet  is  advised  as  a 
preventive.  Cracks  in  old  floors  should 
be  filled  with  putty  or  plaster  of  paris. 
Wherever  these  insects  are  very  trouble¬ 
some  we  would  advise  using  matting  and 
rugs  rather  than  carpets. 


Crab  Apple  Preserves. — Boil  one  pint 
of  cider  and  one  quart  of  sugar  until 
it  begins  to  thicken.  Drop  in  the  crabs 
until  the  juice  will  not  show,  simmer 
slowly  until  the  crabs  are  tender,  then 
place  in  wide-mouthed  jars.  Boil  syrup 
until  a  drop  will  jelly,  pour  over  fruit 
and  set  aside.  mrs.  d.  b.  p. 


791 


Cleatvm Wb^im 
Food^m^ 


It  is  an  incentive  to  hunger  viMB|||j|g 
to  see  Uneeda  Biscuit  made. 

All  materials  are  of  the  finest  quality 
— clean,  nutritious.  The  dough  is 
mixed  in  spotless  trays  in  a  spotless 
bakery.  Rolled  thin;  baked  in  wonderful 
ovens  scientifically  heated  to  give  just  ^ 
the  right  crispness;  then  packed  into 
the  moisture-proof  packages  that 
keep  them  fresh,  crisp  and 
clean  till  eaten. 


Never  sold 
in  bulk 


frioisture-proof 
package  ||||§§jj 


NATIONAL  BISCUIT  COMPANY 


1911. 


<THE  RUKAb  NEW-YORKER 


An  After-dinner  Rest. 

The  July  sun  was  hot  when  I  ran 
down,  to  the  river,  as  soon  as  my  after- 
dinner  work  was  done,  but  I  wanted  a 
bit  of  rest  and  quiet,  so  I  rowed  along 
the  shore  to  the  shelter  of  a  high  bank 
with  trees  on  its  top,  and  tying  my  boat 
to  a  fallen  birch  proceeded  to  get  out 
my  book  and  papers.  On  the  way  down 
I  passed  a  tall  and  especially  fine  plant 
of  turtle-head,  holding  its  peculiar  white 
blossoms  out  over  the  water.  Along  the 
shore  the  little  marsh  bellflower  was 
blooming  in  the  meadow  grass,  and 
tangles  of  small  bedstraw,  starred  all 
over  with  countless,  minute  white  flow¬ 
ers,  airy  and  dainty  enough  to  form 
into  a  wreath  for  a  fairy’s  crown.  Half 
way  up  the  steep  bank  where  I  fastened 
the  boat  an  evening  primrose,  still  fresh 
in  that  shady  place,  lifted  its  golden 
flowers  amid  the  green  leaves  of  the 
shrubs  that  climbed  up  to  the  trees. 

I  read  a  little,  but  was  tired  and  more 
inclined  to  gaze  about  and  rest.  By 
and  by  I  looked  up  because  of  the  noise 
made  by  some  kingbirds  high  over  the 
river.  In  a  moment  they  turned  and 
came  directly  towards  me.  The  one  in 
front  flew  low,  and  when  he  had  almost 
reached  me  I  was  amazed  to  see  that  he 
held  another  bird  beneath  him.  Its 
tail  hung  down  and  was  spread  wide, 
but  otherwise  I  should  not  have  known 
that  it  was  a  bird.  It  all  came  so  sud¬ 
denly  that  I  do  not  know  the  colors  of 
the  birds,  but  the  captor  was  not  much 
larger  than  its  victim,  nor  than  the 
kingbirds  that  followed  in  hot  pursit. 
The  murderer  arose  abruptly  above  my 
head  and  went  in  among  the  trees  above 
the  bank.  The  kingbirds  followed  and 
stayed  about,  crying  and  hovering  from 
tree  to  tree .  for  some  time.  I  unfas¬ 
tened  my  boat  and  pushing  along  found 
a  place  where  I  could  climb  the  bank, 
though  at  the  risk  of  a  tumble  into  the 
river,  which  is  deep,  close  to  the  shore 
on  that  side.  All  that  I  could  find  was 
a  number  of  blood  drops  on  the  leaves 
at  the  foot  of  a  tree.  My  theory  was 
that  a  sharp-shinned  hawk  had  caught 
a  young  kingbird,  as  several  times  one 
of  these  fierce  little  hawks  had  been  seen 
in  the  neighborhood. 

After  this  excitement  I  felt  more 
than  ever  like  resting,  so  I  lay  down  in 
the  boat  with  a  little  board  for  my  back 
tipped  against  the  seat,  which  was  my 
pillow,  and  watched  the  clouds.  The 
blue  sky  was  flecked  all  over  with  white 
clouds,  and  some  that  were  not  so  white. 
In  a  little  while  a  dark  cloud  came  over 
the  trees  from  the  southwest,  and  soon 
I  felt  a  sprinkle.  I  thought  it  was  to  be 
just  a  little  shower,  and  drew  my  rain¬ 
coat  over  me,  after  tucking  my  field 
glass,  book  and  other  things  under  the 
seat,  thinking  I  should  enjoy  the  novelty 
of  a  little  rain  in  the  face.  But  di¬ 
rectly  I  found  it  was  to  be  a  thorough 
wetting,  so  I  sat  up  and  began  to  strug¬ 
gle  into  my  coat.  Before  I  could  get  it 
on  I  was  pretty  wet,  and  a  small  lake,  in 
which  I  found  myself  sitting,  had  gath¬ 
ered  in  the  boat.  It  was  such  a  sudden, 
unexpected  and  thoroughgoing  attack 
on  me  that  it  seemed  as  if  the  blue  sky 
were  pelting  me  in  fun,  and  I  chuckled 
as  I  tried  to  defend  myself  and  my  be¬ 
longings  from  the  flood.  One  thing  that 
hampered  me  was  the  blindness  caused 
by  the  drenched  condition  of  my  glasses 
and  the  difficulty  I  had  in  finding  any¬ 
thing  dry  enough  to  wipe  them.  I  laid 
them  on  the  seat  while  I  tried  to  keep 
some  spots  of  me  dry. 

The  wind  had  risen  and  the  waves 
were  coming  at  me  with  small  fierce¬ 
ness.  The  rain  dashed  so  hard  upon 
the  water  that  shapes  like  the  heads  and 
shoulders  of  little  dolls  jumped  up  an 
inch  or  more  all  over  the  river.  At 
last  I  got  the  boat  unfastened  and  arose 
like  a  water  nymph  out  of  the  puddle 
'in  which  I  was  sitting,  and  after  an¬ 


other  desperate  attempt  to  wipe  my 
glasses  pulled  for  home.  The  shower 
was  over  before  I  reached  the  landing, 
but  I  was  wet  to  the  skin  and  must  go 
home. 

It  had  been  a  very  enjoyable  trip,  ex¬ 
cept  for  the  bird-tragedy,  and  reminded 
me  of  the  never-mind  days  of  my  child¬ 
hood.  Nature  may  play  tricks  upon  us, 
but  there  is  nothing  like  her  companion¬ 
ship  to  calm  and  refresh  the  mind 
wearied  by  many  small  but  insistent 
duties.  E-  F-  M- 


Substitutes  for  Fruit. 

In  a  season  when  fruit  is  short  the 
tomato,  pepper,  cucumber,  pumpkin  and 
sweet  potato  will  have  to  take  the  place 
of  the  missing  fruits,  especially  for 
those  of  us  whose  purse  strings  will 
stretch  over  the  imported  fruit.  Below 
will  be  found  different  methods  of  pre¬ 
paring  these  vegetables  which  I  have 
successfully  tested  in  scarce  fruit  years: 

Ripe  Tomato  Preserves. — Select  nice 
smooth  tomatoes,  scald  and  peel.  Take 
each  one  in  the  hand  and  press  the  pulp 
and  seeds  out;  add  an  equal  measure  of 
sugar  and  one  sliced  lemon  to  each  gal¬ 
lon  of  fruit;  place  all  together  in  a 
porcelain  kettle,  simmer  slowly  several 
hours  or  until  the  juice  is  thick. 

Green  Tomato  Sweet  Pickles.— Slice 
green  tomatoes,  let  stand  in  weak  salt 
water  over  night.  Drain  dry,  and  for 
each  gallon  of  the  fruit  after  shrunk 
made  a  spiced  vinegar  by  bringing  one 
quart  of  vinegar,  one  quart  of  sugar  and 
a  teaspoonful  each  of  ground  cinnamon, 
spice  and  cloves  to  the  boil ;  add  the 
fruit,  boil  half  an  hour,  seal  hot. 

Canned  Tomatoes— Select  firm  ripe 
fruit,  scald  and  peel,  drain  in  colander. 
Add  one  cup  of  sugar  and  half-cup  of 
water  to  the  kettle  and  then  the  fruit 
for  one  can  or  jar.  I  usually  add  just 
a  tiny  pinch  of  salt  to  each  jar.  After 
they  reach  the  boiling  point  if  covered 
securely  three  minutes  is  sufficient  for 
them  to  boil.  Seal  and  set  away  in  a 
dark  place.  Drain  off  juice  to  start  next 
jar  and  use  one-half  cup  of  sugar. 

Tomato  Butter.— Scald  and  peel  three 
gallons  of  fruit,  cook  soft  and  rub 
through  colander ;  add  one  gallon  of 
sifted  apples  or  cooked  squashes,  two 
gallons  of  sugar;  cook  two  hours,  stir 
to  prevent  scorching ;  add  spice  to  suit 
the  taste.  Place  in  small  jars  or  crocks. 
This  keeps  nice  without  sealing. 

Tomato  Mixed  Pickles. — Chop  one 
gallon  of  green  tomatoes,  the  same  of 
cabbage,  and  one  quart  of  sliced  onions; 
sprinkle  with  one-half  cup  of  salt,  and 
let  stand  over  night.  Drain  dry,  place 
in  kettle,  add  one  tablespoonful  of  pep¬ 
per,  spice,  cloves  and  cinnamon,  one 
quart  of  sugar  and  nearly  cover  with 
good  vinegar,  boil  half  hour. 

Tomato  Ketchup— Scald  and  peel 
two  pecks  of  ripe  tomatoes,  slice  and 
place  in  a  preserving  kettle  with  half 
a  cup  each  of  cayenne  pepper,  cloves, 
spice,  cinnamon,  mustard  seed  and  black 
pepper.  Cook  slowly  two  hours,  strain, 
and  to  the  juice  add  two  cups  of  sugar, 
two-thirds  of  a  cup  of  salt,  three  pints 
of  vinegar;  boil  one  hour,  strain  again, 
bottle  for  use. 

Chow  Chow.— Chop  four  quarts  of 
green  tomatoes,  four  medium-sized  heads 
of  cabbage  and  four  onions,  sprinkle 
with  salt  and  let  stand  over  night. 
Drain  dry,  add  four  bunches  of  chopped 
celery,  four  green  peppers,  half  an 
ounce  of  mustard  seed  and  half  an  ounce 
of  celery  seed,  half  a  pound  of  mixed 
spices,  two  pounds  of  sugar,  and  vinegar 
to  cover;  boil  30  minutes. 

To  Can  Pumpkin.— Peel  the  pumpkin 
or  squash,  remove  seeds,  slice,  boil  un¬ 
til  tender,  mash  through  a  sieve.  Fill 
glass  jars,  place  the  caps  on  tight,  set 
jars  in  a  boiler  of  warm  water  with 
bottoms  protected,  let  boil  10  or  15 
minutes,  tighten  the  caps,  and  set  away 
in  a  dark,  cool  closet. 


Citron  Marmalade. — Cut  the  citrons 
in  slices,  remove  rind  and  seeds,  weigh, 
and  to  each  pound  of  fruit  allow  the 
same  quantity  of  sugar.  To  every  three 
pounds  of  melon  allow  one  lemon  and 
a  teaspoonful  of  white  ginger  root.  Run 
the  melon  through  a  food  chopper,  grate 
the  rind  of  lemons,  squeeze  out  the  juice, 
mix  altogether,  cook  and  stir  until  thick. 
Pumpkins  or  squashes  prepared  in  the 
same  manner  are  delicious,  but  spice  or 
cinnamon  should  be  used  instead  of  the 
ginger.  Oranges  or  pineapples  may  be 
used  instead  of  the  lemons  for  a  change. 

Preserved  Vine  Peaches.— Peel,  halve 
and  remove  the  seeds  from  vine  peaches; 
to  each  pound  of  prepared  fruit  allow 
one  pound  of  sugar.  Sprinkle  over  the 
fruit  in  alternate  layers  of  sugar  and 
fruit,  let  stand  over  night;  the  poured 
off  juice  let  come  to  the  boil,  drop  in 
the  fruit,  let  simmer  until  a  straw  will 
pierce  the  fruit;  take  out  the  fruit,  boil 
juice  until  thick,  and  pour  over  the 
fruit. 

Plum  Jam. — Wash  ripe  plums  and 
pack  in  a  stone  jar,  set  jar  in  a  kettle 
of  water  with  a  rack  underneath;  boil 
the  water  until  plums  are  quite  soft, 
then  pick  out  the  seeds  and  mash  the 
pulp  fine.  Measure  and  to  every  quart 
of  pulp  allow  the  same  quantity  of 
sugar.  Boil  slowly  an  hour  or  more; 
fill  in  quart  crocks  or  jars. 

To  Can  Sweet  Potatoes. — Boil  sweet 
potatoes  until  tender,  peel,  slice  and  to 
each  gallon  of  potatoes  add  one  quart 
of  sugar  and  one  of  water;  cook  the 
syrup  until  rather  thick;  add  the  pota¬ 
toes,  let  boil  until  hot  through,  can  and 
seal  while  hot.  If  tin  cans  are  used  or 
the  potatoes  boiled  in  the  jars,  less  sugar 
may  be  used. 

To  Can  Beans. — Break  as  for  table 
use,  using  about  one-third  hulled  beans 
to  the  jar.  Fill  over  two-thirds  full 
with  beans  and  then  to  overflowing  with 
cold  water.  Place  rubbers  and  caps  in 
position ;  do  not  have  caps  too  tight  or 
jars  will  burst  while  boiling.  Place  hay 
or  a  false  bottom  in  wash  kettle,  set  in 
jars,  being  sure  they  do  not  touch;  fill 
up  kettle  with  cold  water  to  neck  of 
jars.  Boil  six  hours ;  replenish  the 
water  in  kettle  as  it  boils  away.  Re¬ 
move  jars,  fasten  caps  and  set  in  a  dark, 
cool  place.  mrs.  d.  b.  Phillips. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


ASK  FOR 


PRINTS 


want  more  than  beauty 
cotton  dress-goods.  Get  a 
superior  quality  “worth  mak- 
ing.up.” 

Simpson-Eddystone 

Fast  Black  Shepherd 
Plaids  and  Stripes 

are  calicoes  of  unusually  neat 
and  stylish  effects  in  varied 
artistic  designs,  but  added  to 
are  their  substantially 
woven  cotton  cloths,  and  the 
tub- proof,  light-proof,  and 
perspiration-proof  color  which 
commend  them  as  dress - 
goods  of  durability  and  econ- 
y.  The  standard  Prints 
the  U.  S.  for  68  years. 

Show  this  advertisement  to  your 
dealer  when  you  order,  ana  don  t 
accept  substitutes.  If  not  in  your 
dealer’s  stock  write  us  his  name  and 
address.  We’ll  help  him  supply  you. 
The  Eddystone  Mfg.  Co.,  Philad’a 


Founded  1842  byWm.Simpson  Sr. 


p!n<**»d  anywhere,  at¬ 
tracts  and  kills  all 
flics.  Neat,  clean, 
ornamental,  conven* 

Lasts  oil 

injure  anything* 
Guaranteed  effect- 

Of  all  dealers  of 
prepaid  for  20c. 

HAROLD  HOMERS 
150  De  Kalb  Are. 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


LIGHTNING 


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7B4*£ 

Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

BEEF  CATTLE  IN  OHIO. 

But  few  cattle  feeders  in  southern 
central  Ohio  grow  the  cattle  they  fat¬ 
ten,  but  purchase  them  where  fancy 
and  prospect  of  greatest  gain  leads 
them.  The  hill  counties  of  the  southern 
part  of  the  State  furnish  many  cattle  to 
be  finished  in  the  grain  growing  sec¬ 
tions.  Then  many  feeders  buy  range 
steers  in  Chicago  or  other  western  mar¬ 
kets.  These  are  mostly  fed  in  small 
lots  from  a  carload  up  to  a  hundred  head 
or  more.  The  kind  of  cattle  a  man 
handles  is  governed  by  his  fancy  and 
whether  he  will  make  a  long  or  short 
feed.  The  cattle  illustrated  on  page  783, 
Fig.  294,  were  bought  as  calves  in  the 
pan-handle  section  of  Texas,  sorting 
them  from  their  dams  and  loading  at 
once.  They  were  10  days  on  the  road ; 
57  were  loaded,  one  lost  on  the  way; 
supposed  to  weigh  250  pounds  when 
they  landed  in  C.  P.  Jamison’s  feed  lot 
in  Ross  Co.,  Ohio,  November  15,  1909. 
A  lot  of  16  were  sold  to  a  neighbor. 
These  were  fattened  and  sold  to  a  local 
butcher  this  Spring,  leaving  40  head  in 
Jamison’s  care. 

The  first  Winter  they  were  roughed 
through  on  fodder  and  mixed  hay, 
clover  in  the  main,  with  a  little  shelled 
corn.  One  of  the  number  was  killed  by 
lightning  and  another  fell  and  hurt 
himself  so  lie  died,  leaving  38  that 
were  finished  and  sold  May  12,  1911. 
They  were  not  fed  grain  the  second 
Winter  till  January  1.  Up  till  that  time 
they  were  kept  improving  by  feeding 
fodder  and  first-class  clover  hay.  Dur¬ 
ing  the  month  of  January  they  were 
brought  up  to  full  feed  on  corn.  This 
was  the  small  ears  and  nubbins  as  well 
as  the  damaged  corn  selected  from  the 
corn  as  cribbing  was  done.  February  1 
they  commenced  feeding  crushed  corn; 
this  they  had  till  sold.  In  the  barn  was 
a  quantity  of  No.  1  Alfalfa  hay.  The 
middle  of  April  he  commenced  feeding 
this  at  noon  in  limited  quantity,  such  as 
they  would  clean  up.  The  daily  plan 
after  April  15  was  to  feed  crushed  corn 
and  fodder  in  the  morning,  Alfalfa  hay 
at  noon,  crushed  corn  and  clover  hay 
in  the  evening.  Five  bushels  of  this 
crushed  corn  was  fed  at  a  feed  morning 
and  evening.  Another  bushel  would 
have  been  more  than  they  would  clean 
up.  They  were  fed  in  the  box  rack  in 
common  use  here  for  such  purpose,  had 
water  at  a  spring  branch  in  the  feed 
lot,  and  could  shelter  in  a  barn  and  the 
sheds  about  it.  They  were  engaged  in 
advance  at  a  price  that  proved  to  be 
about  $1  above  the  market  when  weighed 
out  of  the  feed  lot.  At  time  of  delivery 
they  weighed  960  pounds  average,  cost 
$18  per  head,  brought  $60,  returning 
$3.33  per  month  while  in  Mr.  Jamison’s 
care.  While  fed  grain  hogs  were  fol¬ 
lowing  them  to  clean  up  the  indigested 
corn,  balancing  their  ration  with  fodder 
and  Alfalfa  hay,  thus  adding  much  to 
the  returns  that  can  only  be  guessed  at 
as  to  amount.  John  m.  jamison. 

Ross  Co.,  O. 


the  RURAE  NEW-YORKER 


turn  out  for  Fall  springers.  With  hay  at 
•tlo  per  ton  and  feed  where  it  is.  with  the 
prospect  of  a  low  price  for  milk,  the 
larmers  are  beginning  to  consider  the  ad- 
'  inability  of  selling  off  their  dairies  and 
pressing  their  hay  for  market.  At  the 
present  price  of  labor  it  costs  about  60 
cents  to  produce  a  40  quart  can  of  liquid 
niiJk.  w  jt  p 

Munnsville,  N.  Y. 


July  29. 


The  ice  cream  trade  has  reached  the 
point  ot  importance  where  a  “score  card'' 
t?1  •\Uolgins  has  bocn  devised.  In  bulle- 
Hn  r1  “ft  Ti.  tbe  Iowa  Experiment  Station 
Rrof.  31.  Mortensen  says : 

No  contest  has,  so  far,  been  conducted 
tor  the  ice  cream  makers.  During  the  past 
year  the  writer  has  taken  up  judging  of  ice 
cream  with  our  various  dairy  classes  and  the 
following  score  card  has  been  prepared  for 
that  purpose : 

Flavor .  45 

Texture  .  25 

Richness .  15 

Appearance .  10 

Color . 5 

Total .  10O” 

He  goes  on  to  classify  these  points.  We 
know  several  people  who  would  willingly 
judge  ice  cream  right  now. 

We  deliver  our  milk  to  the  local  cream¬ 
ery  at  Upper  Lisle;  price  for  May  86  cents 
per  100.  Last  year  it  was  $1.68  per  100. 
Everybody  is  complaining  about  the  prices. 
We  get  the  whey  back  for  pigs.  I  would 
advise  farmers  here  to  have  fewer  cows  and 
raise  the  feed  for  them  instead  of  buying 
feed  all  the  time.  Eggs,  16  cents ;  caives, 
five  to  5%.  h.  k. 

Upper  Lisle,  N.  Y. 

Replying  to  your  inquiry  about  $50  cows, 

I  have  eight  young  St.  Lambert  grades  (not 
culls — entire  dairy)  that  he  can  have  and 
1  presume  he  can  buy  half  the  entire  dairies 
in  this  section  at  that  price,  and  if  he  will 
allow  sellers  to  select  a  portion  they  would 
like  to  keep  he  can  buy  the  remainder  at 
$40  and  less.  I  am  told  by  buyers  of  $30 
and  $35  for  fresh  young  cows.  '  e.  a.  h. 

Windham,  N.  Y. 


Get  a 

SHARPLES 

Tubular  Cream  Separator 

IN  THE  FIRST  PLACE 

Write  to  us  for  “Junk  Pile  Pictures."  They  will 
show  you  how  rapidly  disk-tilled  and  cheap  cream 
separators  are  being  discarded  tor  Tubulars. 

Others  have  paid  good  money  to  learn  that 
disks  are  not  needed  in  a  modern  separator 
and  that  cheap  machines  lose  their  cost  in 
cream  the  first  year. 

Why  should  you  pay  for  the  same  experience? 
Sharpies  Dairy  Tubulars  are  built  in  the  only 
known  way  which  overcomes  the  many  parts 
and  faults  of  others.  Patented.  Cannot 
be  mutated.  No  disks.  Twice  the  skim¬ 
ming  force  of  others.  Skim  faster  and 
twice  as  clean.  Wear  a  lifetime.  Guar- 
anteed  forever  by  America’s  oldest  and 
world  s  biggest  separator  concern.  Re¬ 
peatedly  pay  for  themselves  by  saving 
what  others  lose.  - 

i  These  are  the 
reasons  why  you 
will  never  be  satis¬ 
fied  with  any  other 

—why  you  will  / 

finally  have  a  Tu¬ 
bular  —  why  you 
should  get  a 
Tubular  i  n 
the  first  place. 

Free  trial  of 
the  quality 
separator  — 

The  World’s  BesT^ 
without  spending 
one  cent. 


7  U 


All  milk  produced  in  this  vicinity  goes 
into  the  Springfield  market.  There' are  a 
few  large  dealers  and  many  small  ones,  so 
that  there  is  more  freedom  in  selling  than 
in  larger  places,  as  nearly  all  the  dealers 
buy  direct,  and  many  farmers  peddle  their 
own  product,  thus  getting  100  cents  of  the 
consumer’s  dollar.  The  prices  paid  run 
from  3%  to  4*4  cents  per  quart  at  the 
farm,  according  to  the  season,  etc.,  four  cents 
being  the  usual  price,  which  will,  in  most 
cases,  just  about  pa3r  the  cost  of  producing 
the  milk,  leaving  a  very  small  margin  of 
profit,  if  any.  A  few  farmers  who  take 
extra  care  of  their  milk  get  extra  pay.  The 
retail  prices  range  from  seven  to  10  cents, 
most  of  the  milk  being  sold  for  eight  cents. 
The  health  authorities  in  Springfield  are 
more  than  ordinarily  exacting,  yet  they  are 
doing  their  best  to  secure  fair  prices  for 
the  producers,  and  are  trying  to  educate 
the  consumers  to  demand  and  pay  for  first- 
class  milk.  The  city’s  milk  supply  is  con¬ 
sidered  one  of  the  very  best.  A  co-operative 
milk  association  did  a  large  business  for  sev¬ 
eral  years,  hut  it  came  to  be  handled  with 
too  little  regard  for  the  interests  of  the  pro¬ 
ducers,  aud  was  disbanded  last  Fall.  Cows 
are  scarce  and  high,  good  ones  bringing  $80 
to  $100  and  up.  Good  help  is  also  hard  to 
pet.  but  the  free  State  Employment  Bureau 
Is  much  appreciated,  especially  for  tempo¬ 
rary  aid  in  baying,  etc.  Conditions  here  are 
probably  better  than  the  average  and  farm- 
ers  are  fairly  prosperous.  There  are  no 
abandoned’’  farms,  and  while  there  is  some 
cap  land,  any  good  improved  land  sells  for 
MOO  or  more  per  acre  for  agricultural  nur- 
poses.  C.  r.  b. 

Agawam,  Mass. 


Other  sepa¬ 
rators  taken 
in  exchange 
forTubulars. 
Write  for  cat¬ 
alog  No.  153 


THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO." 

WEST  CHESTER,  1>A.  A 

Chicago,  III.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Portland,  Ore. 
Toronto,  Can.,  Winnipeg,  Can, 


30 

yrs 


BUTTER  TUBS 

Made  from  selected 
white  ash,  strong  hoops^ 
perfect  covers.  :  : 

Best  in  America 

WISNER  MFG.  CO. 
230  Greenwich  St.,  New  York 

Prompt  Shipments— Right  Prices 


NEWTON’S  HEAVE 

COUCH,  DISTEMPER  Phi  IQr 
AND  INDIGESTION  l/UKt 

The  firstor  second  $1.00  can  cures  Heaves.  The  third 
can  is  guaranteed  to  cure 


w  .  ..  The  Standard  Veterinary  Remedy. 

Makes  the  Horse  Strong  and  Willing  to  Work. 

CURES  HEAVES  BY  CORRECTING  THE  CAUSE 

iTr‘»?hJ8  Send  for  booklet  “Horse  Tronb- 

,e8-.  tJ,Expla!.ns  fully  about  the  Wind,  Throat,  Stomach 
and  Blood.  Newton’sissafef  or  colt,  adultor  mare  in  foal 

A  GRAND  CONDITIONER  AND  WORM  EXPELLER 

yi.uu  n  con  at  dcnlern,  or  express  prepaid 
THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO.,  Toledor©h!o 


HURRAH  FOR  THE  HOLSTEINS. 


M  I  L 

The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.51 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  three  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-ceut  zone  who  have 
.  no  additional  station  charges. 

The  town  here  is  supplied  with  milk  from 
small  dairies  at  eight  cents  per  quart. 
Two  nearby  creameries  receive  much  of  the 
milk  produced  by  farmers  keeping  from 
two  to  10  cows,  and  the  price  for  butter 
fat  ranges  from  18  to  27  cents  per  pound, 
occasionally  a  few  cents  higher.  No  milk 
is  handled  here  by  dealers  but  a  few  farm¬ 
ers  ship  their  cream  direct  to  Indianapolis. 
Butter  sold  at  the  stores  and  to  the  packers 
bungs  from  12  to  15  cents  this  season  ;  that 
which  is  supplied  the  year  round  to  regular 
customers  brings  25  and  30  cents.  The 
poultry  business  is  gaining  interest.  The 
general  class  of  stock  is  improved  aud 
fewer  larmers  keep  a  mixed  flock.  Some 
are  turning  their  attention  to  fanev  stock 
Earliest  broilers  brought  22  cents  per 
pound  this  year;  hens  were  12%  cents  dur¬ 
ing  early  Spring,  now  10%.  Few  turkeys 
or  ducks  are  raised. 

Madison,  Ind.  j.  A.  s. 

After  talking  with  several  of  the  prom¬ 
inent  dairymen  in  this  locality,  would  re¬ 
port  as  follows :  A  part  of  the  milk  is 
shipped  in  liquid  form  to  New  York  mar¬ 
kets,  the  remainder  is  being  made  into 
butter  and  cheese  at  the  present  time. 
During  the  Winter  months  all  the  milk  is 
shipped  to  New  York  markets  in  liquid 
form.  In  June,  1910,  milk  was  worth  $1 
per  40  quart  can  ;  wheat  bran  cost  $20  nor 
ton.  In  June,  1911,  milk  sold  for  74 
cents  per  40  quart  can ;  wheat  bran  cost 
$24  per  ton.  Barn  inspectors  are  growing 
more  exacting  each  year.  Thev  now  take 
around  with  them  a  veterinary  who  has 
to  do  or  say  anything  to  hold  his  job. 
In  many  instances  both  have  shown  them¬ 
selves  to  be  grossly  incompetent.  Cow 
dealers  are  only  handling  from  hand  to 
mouth  when  formerly  they  would  buy  and 


A  report  of  the  New  York  Experiment 
i-arm  at  Geneva  stating  that  after  a  test  of 
all  dairy  breeds,  as  a  profitable  milk  pro¬ 
ducer.  the  Short-horn  stands  on  an  equal 
footing  with  the  Holstein  at  the  head  of 
the  list,  and  as  an  economical  butter  and 
cheese  producer  the  Short-horn  is  at  the  top. 
lou  also  have  an  article  praising  highly  the 
Jersey  as  the  finest  and  best  recommending 
her  to  the  poor  man.  (Look  out,  poor 
man  .  1  "Hoard’s  Dairyman,”  started  about 
years,  aS°>  creamery  patrons’  investiga¬ 
tions  and  is  conducting  them  vet.  Reliable 
men  go  to  creameries  in  different  States  and 
counties,  take  a  note  of  the  milk  delivered 
n.^1  ?ionc-v  Paid  for  one  year  by  each  of  50 
°f  .J0®  Patrons,  then  go  to  those  patrons 
Ti  nte  down  the  kind  of  cows,  care  and  feed 
.mon  .«se,  estimate  the  cost  of  feed  at 
maiket  price  and  give  as  profit  the  sum 
reemved  from  the  creamery  less  the  worth 
reckoning  as  pay  for  the  work  with 
the  daily  the  value  of  calf,  skim-milk  and 

1  T-hi0Sii  investigations  show  the 
Holstein  decidedly  in  the  lead  as  butter  fat 
The  same  fact  shows  many  tests 

stations00  ’vyr  y<-ars  b/  s..evei'al  experiment 
stations.  This  is  not  all.  The  Holstein 

gnes  a  greater  quantity  of  skim-milk  and  is 
bettei  for  beef  than  the  Jersey  and  Guern- 
.  Skim-milk  and  beef  are  increasing 

Pe  of-the  Holstein  if 
Attei  foi  infants  and  invalids,  as  it  is  less 

tho  “ilk  of  the  ^buid  breeds!  and 

the  tap  -.lobules  are  smaller  and  easier  di¬ 
gested  The  Holstein  are  easier  to  raise 
than  the  Jerseys.  Compared  with  the  IIol- 
the  Jersey  is  nervous,  something  that 
may  be  of  importance  with  some  dairymen. 

Bhj  is  it  that  in  Europe  the  Jersevs  are 
not  in  favor,  not  even  in  England?  Jersey 
breeders  refer  sometimes  to  the  dairy  con¬ 
tests  at  the  St.  Louis  Exposition.  The  ITol- 
steins  were  not  represented  there  as  a  breed 
as  only  some  Holstein  breeders  entered  their 
cows.  Hoard  s  Dairyman.  June  16,  1911 
Page  6til.  gives  an  article  concerning  the 

Wty  sent  by  the  British  Dairy 
J'3™  Association  to  the  European  Conti- 

?thf' ;  n?rth  a?d, central  Europe  they 
the  Holsteins)  are  to  be  found  everywhere 
and  in  France  and  Switzerland  they  are  a 
potent  force  as  far  as  South  Africa  in 
Sweden  the  two  dairy  sires  are  the  Dutch 
and  Ayrshires.  Last  year  a  herd  book  was 
started  for  the  Holsteins  in  England  ”  Thev 
don  t  mention  any  other  breed.  m  V  ‘ 
Oregon.  * 


RBINE 


Hcp\oves  Bursal  Enlargements* 
Thickened,  Swollen  Tissues, 
Curbs,  F  illod  Tendons,  S  oreness 
from  any  Bruise  or  Strain;  Cures 
EJiJMeness,  Allays  Pain. 
Does  not  IJlister,  remove  the  hair 
i*P.  the  horse.  $3.00  a 

eABSURmxpe!rpere,rcd'  Book  1  E  free. 

BBINE,  JR.,  liniment  for  mankind.  For 

fevals' niFj11  ns .  9°'!’ y  or  Rheumatic  Deposits, 
Swollen  Painful  Varicose  Veins.  Allays  JPain! 
M  deal  MU  write.  SI  and  S2  per  bottle 

Manufactured  only  by 

VV.F. YOUNG,  P ,D.F.  88  Temple  St., Springfield,  Mass. 


4  re  Flies 

Robbing  You? 


f 

■  J„°vr  c0,"'s  f'T1'.1  convert  sufficient  food  into  milk  when 
I  pestered  with  itching,  blood  sucking  flies.  They  must 
I  have  peace,  quietness  and  rest.  Spray  vour  barns  and 
I  CHi.  ew*S  CKKLOLL  andyou’ll  surelvget  bigger  profits 

dr  i16  ?ail-  ,CKK1'  OLI.  gives  off  powerful  vapors^ 

■  fl,!ni  hfl  ,fr°m  building.— keeps  them  from  animals. 

I  Quite  harmless,  keeps  sinks,  troughs,  garbage  cans 

■  etc.,  odorless  and  sweet.  Only  #]Uo  per  Quart 
I  eMraltl?*1110,  At  all  dealers  or  order  direct. 

I  CALEDONIA  CHEMICAL  CO.,  Caledonia,  N.  Y. 

'OREL  OLL 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


Learn 

about  the 

Guernsey 

Cow 


is  one  of 


The  Most  Economical  Production  of  the 


Highest  Class  of  Dairy  Products,  excell¬ 
ing  in  Natural  Color  and  Good  Flavor. 
cr,,f  f  The  Fan  American  Dairy  Breed  Test, 
vvotv  S  The  Iowa  Dairy  Cow  Contest, 

’  l  Inpartial  Experiment  Station  Trials. 

The  Guernsey  was  the  First  Breed  to  establish 
an  Advanced  Register  on  basis  of  Years 
Records  with  Public  Supervision. 

An  average  of  over  1200  official  years  records  show  : 

SOTOlbs.  Milk  410  lbs.  Butter  Fat 

(Equivalent  to  460  lbs.  butter) 

AVERAGE  PER  CENT.  BUTTER  FAT  5.03 

Full  information  regarding  the  breed  by  writing 

The  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club 

Box  R.  PETERBORO,  IT.  H. 

COWS  FOR  SALE 


50  to  150  head  always  on  hand:  forward 
springers  and  new  milkers,  Holsteins, 
Guernseys,  Ayrshires,  Jerseys,  all  large 
young  heavy  milkers,  sold  in  car-lots, 
$;>0.00  to  $00.00.  Orders  taken  for  Year¬ 
lings  and  cows  coming  fresh  in  spring- 
cows  guaranteed.  Consult 


I 


P.  L.  HAWLEY,  Stillwater,  Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y. 

OAKLAND  FARM  HOLSTEINS 

FINE  INDIVIDUALS— LARGE  PRODUCERS 

CHOICE  YOUNG  BULLS  FOR  SALE 

Write,  stating  just  what  you  want. 

T.  A.  MITCHELL  ■  ,  ,  Weedsport,  N,  Y, 

REG.  HOLSTEIN  MILE  CALVES 


I 


I 


Closely  related  to  champions  of  the  world 
at  farmers’  prices.  Fine  individuals,  nicely 
marked.  Fifty  per  cent  below  value. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Write  today. 

F.  H.  RIVENBURGH,  HILLHURST  FARM,  MUNNSVILLE  N  Y 

WS  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somerville  N.  J. 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEIN-FRI  ESI  AN  ASSN  OF  AMERICA 
F.L.  HOUGHTON. SEC-Y.80X1Q5.BRATTLEB0R0.VT. 

AT  LAUREL  FARM 

to  a  few  days  old.  All  out  of  good  cows.  Discount 
price  tor  next  thirty  days. 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N,  Y. 


Breed  Up— Not  UownTorc.?1;.^ 

n!?- i-ia,rydams-  No  better  sires.  It.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Fa. 

F°R  SALE-REGISTERED  AYRSHIRE  BULL, 

born  March  2,  1906.  Price,  $80.00. 

ARTHUR  G.  WELLS,  Oswayo.  Pa. 

FOR  SALE-GRADE  GUERNSEYS  S,?,.  T?: 


S'WIUXTIE 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

f)‘°m  eight  to  twolve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  ami  breeding, 

...  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.-fefi 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  toser- 
vice  of  Watson’s  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Piunrietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


Terre  Haute  Veterinary  College 

A  complete  practical  course  in  Veherinarv  Science, 
nr?  a  v  catalogue  and  Information. 

DR.  S.  V.  RAMSEY,  TERRE  HAUTE,  IND. 


YOUNG  MEN  WANTED  to  learn 

I  LTLRINARY  profession.  Catalogue 
free.  Grand  Rapids  Veterinary 
College,  Dep. 15,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 

mmr?rS  T>P*1eeS  A  W-  GREEN.  Route  1. 
Middleneld,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O.. 
On  1  enna.  I\.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O, 


Milk  Producers  f,°l^Tew  \ork  9*^  pnrket 

i  i  „  ,,  desiring  information  how  to 
rnln«blailcbes  t  le  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 


n  o  g  s 


fifll  I  IF  PIIPQ-From  imported  stock.  Females 

UUI-Lll.  I  Ul  O  cheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City.  Pa. 

BLUE  BLOOD  COLLIE  PUPPIES 

Ten  Champions  of  England  in  their  Pedigree.  Price,  $10.00. 

ro'4ei’  a,lJ  balance  on  receipt  of 
puppy.  FIVE  MALES  tor  sale.  Send  your  order  at 
Uiinrkr-'i  chance  not  often  found. 

ROBERT  S.  WEST  .  Thorneycroft  Farm  .  Perry,  Ohio. 


LARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGH  WOOD  -  Regular  Summer 

■“  Offering  of  Bred  Sows.  Eighty  at  our  home  farm, 
8  to  10  months  old,  some  of  them  bred ;  selected  from 
large  litters  out  of  mature  dams.  $35  up.  Come  and 
look  them  over.  H.  C.  S  H.  B,  HARPENDING,  Dundee,  N.Y. 

miRIM?  THE  BIG«  1>KEF  fellows 

wvnyup  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 

CHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex 

B”‘  Ssrii.  B8aTfeUi&rgorJBs'.‘?;  br”ai°»- 

Large  English  Yorkshire  and  Mulefoot  Swine 

ALL  AGES,  BOTH  SEXES.  FOR  SALE, 

CHARLES  C*  ALLEN,  Greene,  New  York 

Thoroughbred  Chester  White  Boar  Pigs 

FOUR  MONTHS  OLD,  FOR  SALE. 

C,  HENRY  PEASE,  Mapleton,  Cayuga  Co., N.Y. 


SHEE 


FOR  C  — REGISTERED  RAMBOUILLET 
run  OMLC  RAMS;  O.  I.  C.  SWINE. 

C.  W.  HALLIDAY,  North  Chatham,  N.  Y. 


Grade  Dorset  Ewes7jeT“  ™“."  jXS 


1911. 


THE  RURAL*  NEW-YORKER 


793 


The  Henyard. 


Damaged  Barley  for  Poultry. 

I  would  like  to  know  the  feeding  value 
for  poultry  of  damaged  barley  that  has  been 
kiln-dried.  I  can  buy  it  for  43  cents  per 
bushel.  I  am  feeding  oats  and  corn  with 
beef  scraps  before  them  all  the  time.  Shall 
I  get  any  better  results  feeding  this  barley 
with  the  ration  1  am  using?  My  hens  are 
laying  well  now,  50  per  cent  laying.  The 
price  of  grain  here  is,  corn,  50  cents  per 
bushel ;  oats,  33  cents  per  bushel.  I  always 
feed  lots  of  oats  to  poultry,  and  it  will  get 
the  eggs.  "  c.  a.  s. 

New  York. 

The  feeding  value  of  damaged  barley 
depends  entirely  upon  the  nature  and 
extent  of  the  damage,  which  could  not 
well  be  determined  without  seeing  a 
sample  of  it.  If  the  damage  is  slight, 
caused  by  getting  it  wet  in  the  shock 
and  possibly  sprouting  a  portion  of  it, 
you  could  no  doubt  feed  it  profitably  at 
43  cents  per  bushel,  but  if  it  has  been 
burned  so  that  it  presents  a  burned  odor 
or  taste,  or  if  it  became  sour  or  musty 
before  being  kiln  dried,  as  it  was  very 
apt  to  do,  I  could  not  advise  its  use  as 
a  poultry  food  at  any  price. 

C.  S.  G. 

Blood  Spots  in  Eggs. 

I  have  a  large  contract  with  one  or  two 
of  the  principal  hotels,  by  the  terms  of 
which  every  egg  shipped  to  them  must  be 
candled,  even  though  just  laid,  for  the  sole 
purpose  of  detecting  “blood  spots.”  These 
can  usually  be  detected,  but  notwithstand¬ 
ing  the  utmost  care  are  liable  to  slip  in  and 
cause  trouble.  An  occasional  egg  will  be 
red  through,  and  through,  others  will  have 
a  clot  say  half  the  size  of  your  little 
finger  nail,  while  still  others  will  have  but 
a  hair-line  of  red.  So  far  I  have  never 
heard  a  clear  suggestion  as  to  the  cause  of 
these  blood  spots,  and  as  the  tendency  to¬ 
ward  such  seems  to  be  Increasing,  want  to 
ask  you  the  cause,  at  same  time  begging 
for  information  as  to  a  remedy.  The  old 
theory  that  it  was  a  mark  of  a  fertile  egg 
seems  to  be  exploded.  We  have  some  six 
roosters  only  in  the  entire  flock,  yet  And  an 
abnormal  number  of  these  eggs,  all  of 
which  have  to  be  thrown  out  and  used,  if 
they  can  be,  in  the  house.  M.  B. 

The  experts  who  prepared  “The  Busi¬ 
ness  Hen”  say  that  these  blood  spots  are 
due  to  bursting  of  small  blood  vessel's 
in  the  glands  where  the  egg  is  secreted. 
The  blood  thus  lost  enters  the  egg. 
Among  other  causes  are  fright,  injury 
or  over-feeding  on  meat  or  rich  foods 
which  may  overwork  the  blood  vessels 
supplying  blood  to  the  egg  factory.  If 
many  such  eggs  are  laid  let  up  on  the 
meat  feeding  and  forcing — give  more 
green  food  and  make  them  exercise.  It 
sometimes  happens  that  a  few  hens  in 
the  flock  do  nearly  all  the  mischief  and 
produce  these  bloody  eggs  regularly.  If 
you  can  spot  them  take  them  out.  We 
would  like  a  practical  discussion  of  this. 
Can  you  give  any  experience? 

How  to  Kill  Lice  on  Chicks. 

How  is  the  mercurial  salve  made  which 
Mr.  Cosgrove  recommends  in  the  “Business 
Hen”  as  a  remedy  for  lice  on  sitting  hens? 

A.  F. 

It  won’t  do  to  put  “mercurial  ointment” 
on  sitting  hens,  or  anything  else  of  a 
greasy  or  oily  nature ;  the  grease  closes  the 
pores  in  the  shells  and  will  kill  every 
chick.  My  advice  was  to  put  it  on  hens 
after  the  eggs  were  hatched — hens  run¬ 
ning  with  chicks.  I  used  it  last  year  with 
good  results  ;  this  year  I  sent  to  the  same 
store  and  got  some,  but  it  was  put  up  in  a 
different  manner ;  was  very  much  stronger 
and  it  resulted  in  the  death  of  about  20 
chicks.  The  fumes  of  the  ointment  was 
what  affected  the  chicks.  It  was  in  the 
cold  damp  days  of  middle  June,  thermom¬ 
eter  below  50  degrees ;  it  had  been  92  de¬ 
grees  in  the  shade  two  days  before.  My 
wife  noticed  that  the  chicks  were  shaking 
with  the  cold  but  would  not  go  unaer  the 
hens ;  she  brought  them  into  the  house  and 
put  them  in  a  basket  with  warmed  woollen 
covers.  They  stopped  shaking  in  a  few 
minutes,  but  nearly  all  died  before  morning. 

I  think  the  chicks  stayed  out  in  the  cold 
rather  than  endure  the  fumes.  I  put  the 
ointment  on  three  hens,  using  a  piece 
smaller  than  a  pea,  rubbing  it  all  along 
the  sides  of  the  body  and  under  the  wings. 

I  used  it  full  strength  on  the  first  hen  and 
all  her  chicks  died.  Noticing  that  the  oint¬ 
ment  seemed  stronger  than  usual,  I  mixed 
some  with  lard  and  used  it  on -the  other 
two  hens;  about  half  of  their  chicks  died. 


I  don’t  know  how  the  mercurial  ointment 
is  made,  but  know  that  it  can  be  bought 
at  any  drug  store ;  but  since  this  last  ex¬ 
perience  I  would  not  recommend  its  use.  It 
did  not  seem  to  hurt  the  hens  any,  and  it 
certainly  does  destroy  the  lice,  but  the 
quality  of  it  is  too  variable  to  use  it  for 
little  chicks. 

The  editor  of  Farm  Poultry  tells  in  a 
recent  number  of  his  magazine  of  a  visit 
to  Mr.  F.  W.  C.  Almy  of  Rhode  Island.  Mr. 
Almy  raises  thousands  of  R.  I.  Red  chicks 
by  hens.  He  was  taking  off  60  hens  that 
had  just  hatched  550  chicks.  The  hens 
were  put  in  bags  and  loaded  on  the  wagon, 
then  the  chicks  were  scooped  up  by  the 
double  handful  and  put  in  boxes  and  dusted 
with  a  lice  powder  until  every  chick  was 
covered  with  it,  Mr.  Almy  shaking  the  pow¬ 
der  from  a  can  with  a  perforated  cover. 
The  boxes  were  then  loaded  on  the  wagon 
and  taken  to  the  colony  coops,  nearly  a 
half  mile  away,  where  each  hen  was  given 
20  to  25  chicks.  The  editor  says  “The 
dead  lice  were  very  plainly  to  be  seen  in 
the  bottom  of  the  boxes  when  the  chicks 
were  taken  out.”  This  was  doing  the  job 
by  wholesale,  as  a  hundred  or  more  chicks 
were  treated  in  a  minute.  A  standard  lice 
powder  is  used  in  this  locality.  I  saw  Mr. 
Smith,  the  manufacturer,  at  the  Stafford 
Fair,  take  a  hen,  tip  her  head  downward 
and  shake  a  little  of  his  powder  under  her 
tail  and  in  the  fluff,  rubbing  it  down  into 
the  feathers ;  then  hold  her  over  a  piece 
ef  paper  and  rustle  her  feathers  and  the 
dead  lice  fall  on  the  paper,  the  whole  oper¬ 
ation  not  taking  30  seconds. 

GEO.  a.  coSgbovb. 


SUMMER  SILAGE  FOR  A  FEW  ANIMALS. 

Following  is  my  way  of  keeping  silage 
for  Summer  feeding  for  a  few  animals: 
Silo  is  16x35  feet.  Three  days  after 
cows  were  turned  out  to  pasture  they 
ceased  to  eat  silage.  I  had  nine  calves 
and  big  herd  bull  (Holstein)  to  feed  in 
stable  (for  calves  must  be  kept  grow¬ 
ing).  I  use  about  five  bushel  baskets 
per  day.  I  covered  silage  with  two 
inches  of  oat  and  hay  chaff,  well  wetted 
down  and  trampled,  then  one  inch  of 
soil,  ordinary  ground  out  of  cornfield  or 
any  other  place,  than  five  or  six  quarts 
of  oats,  then  another  inch  of  soil  well 
tramped,  then  watered.  In  less  than 
10  days  it  will  Ic  as  green  as  any  lawn. 
Then  cut  out  small  wedge-shaped  blocks 
(the  same  as  a  round  layer  cake  is  cut) 
about  18  inches  deep,  or  in  other  words, 
no  larger  than  can  be  fed  in  two  or 
three  days  so  as  to  keep  side  from 
spoiling.  When  cutting  a  new  block, 
carefully  place  green  top  on  place  you 
quit  feeding  from.  When  properly  done 
there  will  not  be  enough  silage  spoiled 
worth  speaking  about.  Don't  forget  to 
water  the  whole  of  it  once  in  a  while 
when  needed.  If  some  one  has  a  better 
method  I  should  very  much  appreciate 
to  know  it.  w.  R. 

Amsterdam,  N.  Y. 


i-frsSAVE  MONEY 


1 

itrjr 

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tlTl 

11 

ttI 

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Ifni 

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TP# 

BUY  NOW 


Don't  losa  money  through  delay.  It 

you  wat  t  another  year  you  lose  the  prlee 
oftheBllo.  Shorteropsmeanhlghprlced 
feed.  We  can  deliver  promptly  from  our 
Factories  at  Anderson,  Ind.,  lies  Moines, 
■  la.,  and  Kansas  City,  Mo.  Liberal  terms. 
*4Sf"  Write  f  or  Cats  log  and  our  new  book. 
Silo  Profits.  Sent  free  on  request. 

INDIANA  SILO  COMPANY 

318  Dnion  Building,  Anderson,  Indiana 


Small ev  FORCE  FEED 

Fillers 

The  only  raachino  with  force  feed  table, 
automatic  feed  rolls,  and  safety  fly 
wheel  and  belt  pulley  which  loosen 
automatically  from  the  shaft 
and  thus  keep  foreign  substances 
tof  the  knives  and  blower.  Greater 
,  greater  safety,  greater 
sonvenience,  less  power,  lesa 
repairs.  Send  for  catalogue, 

HARDER  MFG.  CO. 
Box  II  .Cobleskill.N.Y. 


Our 
Silo 
Catalog 
contains 
ihe  latest 
Information 
about  Silos. 

We  invented 
the  Modem  Silo 
and  have  led  the 
way  in  improve¬ 
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largest  variety  of 
styles  and  sizes.  Send 
for  our  catalog  of  Silos 


Continuous-Opening,  Braced 
Door  -  Frame,  Permanent 
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Doors,  Lightest  and 
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uses.” 


Harder  Mfg.  Company 

BOX  I!  COBLESK1LL,  N.  Y. 


AND  vou  WILL  the  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  CO 

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SILOS 


Our  Improved  patented  Open  Throat 
Elbow  with  sliding  door  regulates  the 
blast  of  '^your  blower  through  our  Flexible  Distributer. 
It  increases  the  capacity  of  your  silo,  mixes,  distributes  and 
firmly  packs  the  feed  almost  automatically.  “It  prevents  the 
spoiling  ol  the  Ensilage.**  Saves  its  cost  in  labor  over  and  over 
again.  Fits  any  blower.  Sold  on  trial.  Thousands  in  use.  "Nolhind 
like  it.**  We  Pay  the  Freight.  Now  is  the  time  to  order  one. 

WE  HAVE  HUNDREDS  OF  LETTERS  LIKE  THESE: 

“I  saved  several  times  the  price  of  your  distributer  In  one  season, 
for  I  did  not  have  the  spoiled  ensilage  I  had  In  previous  years.” 

Fred  W.  Filingsten, Itasca,  Ills. 


*  The  Elbow  and  Distributer  received  from  you  last  season  have  given  sat¬ 
isfaction.  Three  men  In  the  silo  could  not  pack  and  distribute  as  one  with 
1  your  Distributer.  I  find  the  ensilage  more  valuable  on  aocount  of  its  even 
r  distribution.  Would  not  think  of  filling  a  silo  without  It.” 

Jacob  Dlckman,  Defiance,  Ohio. 
"Am  pleased  with  your  distributer.  With  It  we  had  a  boy  ten  years  old  do  the 
[  work  better  than  two  men  in  the  old  way.”  John  S.  Ramsey ,  Annandale,  N.  J. 

"X  am  pleased  with  the  “Better  Way”  Distributer.  I  have  been  using  silos  for 
SO  years  and  must  say  that  I  never  llllod  one  with  bo  little  labor  and  expense.” 

F.  A.  Mlllner,  Norfolk,  Virginia. 

IE  YOU  OWN  A  SILO.  Writ*  Now  for  Our  Special  Offer! 
W.  W.  BATEMAN  CO„  117,3d  St..  Boonville.  Ind. 


STATE  FAIR 

SYRACUSE 

September  II,  12, 13, 14, 15, 16,1911 


ENTRIES  CLOSE 


Dept.  A — Horses 
Dept.  B — Cattle 
Dept.  C — Sheep 
Dept.  D— Swine 
Dept.  E — Poultry 


.  August  14 


Dept.  F — Farm  Imple-  )  ~  ,, 

ments  and  Machines  f  ^ 

Dept.  G — Dairy  Products,  August  26 


Dept.  H— Domestic 
Dept.  I  — Farm  Products 
Dept.  J  — Flowers 
Dept.  K — Fruits 


September 

2 


Write  to  the  Secretary  for  a  Prize  List 
and  become  an  exhibitor 
at  the  State  Fair. 


Silo  Owners 

and  Prospective  Silo  Owners 

Need  These 
Two  Books 

One  Is  absolutely  froe — the 
other  costs  10c.  “Modern 
Silage  Methods”— 240  pages 
— Is  the  most  complete  work 
on  silos  and  silage  ever  pub¬ 
lished.  Chapters  on  “How  to 
Build  SCos” — “How  to  Make 
Silage”— “How  to  Feed  Silage”— “How  to  Maintain 

Soil  Fertility  with  Silage  System”— all  about  “Summer 

Silos”  and  the  “Use  of  Silage  in  Beef  Production'’ and 
many  others.  .  Price  10c.  We  also  want  to  send  you 
our  free  book  on  Ohio  Blower  Ensilage  Cutters.  113 
pages,  75  illustrations.  Tolls  how  to  save  work,  time, 
money  In  cutting  ensilage  and  filling  silo.  Write  us 
noto.  “Modern  Silage  Methods”  is  10c— our  112  page 
catalog  free.  Address 

THE  SILVER  MFG.  CO., _ SALEM,  OHIO. 


GREEN  MOUNTAIN  SILOS 

Write  TODAY  for  Booklet  to 
CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MANUFACTURING  CO- 
338  West  St.,  Rutland,  Vt. 


BEFORE  VOU  BUY  WRITE  POH 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 


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operated 

on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take-up  hoop- 
continuous  open-door  front — air-tigfht  door  and  per* 
manent  ladder  are  some  of  the  unusual  features.  The 

International  Silo  C.a *  11  t  Bain  St..  Linesrilla.  Bto 

Licensed  under  Harder  Patent  on  Round  Silos . 


THE  UNADILLA  SILO 

IS  THE  SENSATION  OF 
THE  AGRICULTURAL  WORLD 

Because  it  has  an  adjustable  door 
front  to  and  from  doors. 

Because  no  hammer  is  needed  to 
release  doors. 

Because  doors  can  bo  unlocked,  moved 
in  frame  and  relocked  50  times  a  minute. 

Write  for  catalogue  describing  the 
above  features  and  testimonials,  and 
our  “TWENTY-FIVE  REASONS.” 

Wo  also  manufacture  Farm  Water 
Tubs  and  are  New  England  represents- 

Itlves  for  Papeo  Cutters  and  are  in  posi¬ 
tion  to  quote  low  prices  upon  receipt  of  inquiry. 

Extra  discount  for  early  orders.  Agents  wanted. 
THE  UNADILLA  SILO  C0„  Inc^Box  B,  UNADILLA,  N.  T. 


Everlasting 
Tile  Silo 

Made  of  Best  Ohio  Clay, 
Hard  Burnt,  Salt  Glazed 
— Never  Need  Painting — 
No  Repairs. 

('''HEAP,  durable,  inde- 
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sizes.  Simple  in  construc¬ 
tion  ;  absolutely  air  tight 
and  sanitary.  We  have 
worked  for  years  to  com¬ 
plete  every  detail  before 
putting  it  on  the  market. 
Write  us  for  prices  and 
further  information. 

National  Fire  Proofing  Co. 
Room  D,  Canton,  Ohio 


teasS 

as 


iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiinii 
■  Impmiir 

mmiiiHWHBi 
ilHIlflllftl1  .... 


Saved  over  $100  a  month! 

Brown  of  Wasco,  El.  saved  over 
©100.00  a  month  and  turned  a  losing  proposi- 
tionmto  a  winning  one  by  usingan^pp/efon 
lielf  t  eed  S ilo  Filler,  and  feeding  his  cattle 
eilage.  Experience  has  proven  that  silage  is 
a  cheap  and  very  valuable  feed.  It  stimu- 
Jates  the  appetite  and  aids  digestion. 
Healthy  animals  mean  greater  profit.  Pro¬ 
gressive  farmers  everywhere  are  now  placing 
their  orders  for 

APPLETON  £££  SILO  FILLER 

positive  feed,  traveling  self-feed  apron;  big  throat  capacitv 
four  spiral  tool  steel  knives;  special  springs  to  prevent 
binding  and  clogging;  one  lever  starts  and  stops  both 
— .  feed  rollers  and  apron;  flexible  swivel  top  distri¬ 
butor,  handy  side  table,  detachable  foot  boArd 
safety  device  to  prevent  breakage.  Changed 
i  ready  for  the  road”  to  “ready  for  busi- 


from' _ _ _ 

ness”  in  few  minutes, 
illustrated  catalog. 


Write  today  for  free 


APPLETON  MFG.  CO. 

427  Fargo  St., 
Batavia,  HI. 


NEW!  YORK 


i 


794 


THE  RUHA.I>  NEW-YORKER 


July  29. 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 

On  a  charge  of  having  swindled  A.  H. 
Stolzenbach,  with  an  office  at  1110  House 
Building,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  out  of  $2,000  in 
a  coal  deal,  T.  M.  Latimer,  John  Phillips 
and  Henry  Bitter  were  arrested  in  Mew  York 
City  this  afternoon. — Daily  Paper. 

Information  about  the  above  is  in¬ 
definite,  but  seems  to  relate  to  a  con¬ 
cern  known  as  the  Pittsburg  Coal  & 
Land  Company,  which  was  trying  to  ac¬ 
quire  coal  lands  in  Virginia.  It  is  said 
that  Latimer  was  preparing  to  sell 
bonds. 

Herbert  Myrick,  president  of  the 
Phelps  Publishing  Company,  and  of  the 
Orange  Judd  Company  and  editor  of 
the  papers  published  by  these  companies, 
was  indicted  July  18,  by  the  Federal 
Grand  Jury  in  Boston  on  charges 
growing  out  of  an  application  for  entry 
at  second-class  postal  rates  of  the 
Orange  Judd  Northwest  Homestead 
some  months  back.  James  W.  Cunning¬ 
ham,  subscription  manager  for  •  the 
paper,  was  indicted  with  Myrick.  It  is 
alleged  that  false  statements  were  made 
to  the  department  in  the  application  for 
entry,  and  it  is  believed  that  the  indict¬ 
ments  are  based  on  these  allegations  of 
false  statements. 

I  have  received  from  Adams  Express 
Company  full  amount  of  claim  ($12.56  net) 
for  case  of  eggs  shipped  A.  F.  Beckmann 
last  Winter,  which  were  not  delivered.  They 
first  offered  me  $7.71.  I  then  asked  you  to 
look  it  up  for  me.  They  later  offered  me 
$10.50,  which  you  refused  to  accept  on  my 
account.  Now  they  have  paid  me  in  full. 
Eggs  were  worth  46  cents  a  dozen  at  the 
time.  I  thank  you  very  much  for  your  help 
in  getting  it.  s.  T.  s. 

New  York. 

The  express  company  objected  to  pay¬ 
ing  the  highest  market  price  for  these 
eggs,  but  we  were  finally  able  to  con¬ 
vince  them  that  the  subscriber  was  ship¬ 
ping  fancy  white  eggs  that  were  worth 
the  46  cents  a  dozen  and  the  adjustment 
was  at  last  made  on  that  basis. 

I  am  sending  you  a  bill  which  I  have 
been  unable  to  collect  against  L.  C.  Allyn, 
of  Rochester,  N.  Y'.,  who  is  a  specialist  in 
forestry,  or  as  we  call  him  around  here,  a 
“tree  doctor."  He  claims  quite  a  reputation 
in  his  line  all  over  the  State,  and  came  to 
our  town  very  highly  recommended,  but  he 
owes  me  $52  for  photographs  and  negatives 
of  trees  taken  on  his  orders  during  process 
of  treatment.  The  work  was  all  delivered 
and  pronounced  satisfactory  and  he  has 
made  several  promises  to  pay,  but  failed  to 
do  so.  Ilis  patrons  in  the  town  were  well- 
to-do  people  who  paid  big  prices  for  his 
work,  and  he  had  no  reason  for  leaving 
without  paying  me  for  my  work.  J.  s.  w. 

New  York. 

We  were  unable  to  get  any  response 
and  finally  placed  the  account  for  col¬ 
lection.  The  attorneys  returned  the 
claim  as  uncollectable. 

Will  you  please  advise  me  regarding  the 
'Library  Shelf  Stock  Company?  Two  years 
ago  I  invested  $100  for  10  shares  at  $10 
per  share.  They  guaranteed  a  10  per  emit 
dividend  which  they  have  paid  twice,  but  it 
is  six  months  over  dividend  date  now.  I 
have  written  twice  to  the  manager,  Miss 
Louise  Radford  Wells,  in  regard  to  divi¬ 
dend,  and  also  requested  her  to  sell  my 
stock  if  possible,  or  buy  it  herself.  M.  11. 
L  Wing  is  secretary,  i  nave  heard  nothing 
from  them.  Miss  Wells  was  editor  of  the 
New  Thought  Magazine,  which  she  sold  out 
to  William  Walter  Atkinson  or  S.  A.  Vult- 
mer,  1  forget  which.  The  paper,  however, 
lias  dwindled  down  to  a  little  four-page, 
poorly  printed  paper,  published  at  Nevada, 
Mo.,  and  called  "Popular  Therapeutics." 

New  York.  mus.  a.  n. 

This  company  has  no  given  capital 
and  only  a  fair  credit  rating.  Wiltmer 
advertises  some  kind  of  a  drink  or  to¬ 
bacco  cure,  uses  whole  pages  of  the 
cheap  papers  to  advertise  it.  It  is  an¬ 
other  case  of  the  public  being  fleeced 
with  stock  of  a  publishing  company.  It 
is  not  at  all  likely  that  the  dividends 
ever  were  earned,  but  paid  out  of  the 
original  investment  in  the  hope  of  in¬ 
ducing  further  investment  by  yourself 
or  others. 

Julius  Kahn,  the  promoter  of  the  old 
Cash  Buyers’  Union,  which  absorbed 
about  $4,000,000  from  country  investors, 
has  again  brought  disappointment  and 
loss  to  his  followers.  In  the  Cash  Buy¬ 
ers’  Union  scheme  each  purchaser  of 
stock  became  a  member  and  was  prom¬ 
ised  goods  of  any  description  at  a  dis¬ 
count.  He  was  also  to  have  a  commis¬ 
sion  on  sales  made  to  others.  After 
collecting  about  $4,000,000  the  concern 
failed,  and  the  money  disappeared.  No 
sincere  attempt  had  been  made  to  estab¬ 
lish  a  business.  The  sale  of  the  privil¬ 
eges  or  membership  was  the  extent  of 
the  business,  though  some  merchandise 
had  been  purchased.  Kahn  was  tried 
on* a  charge  of  fraud,  but  on  the  trial 
the  court  held  that  while  the  money 
was  gone,  Kahn  might  have  been  only 
a  dreamer,  and  the  evidence  did  not 
show  what  had  become  of  the  money. 
Kahn  was  discharged.  Afterwards  he 
got  possession  of  the  list  of  old  dupes, 
and  proposed  to  organize  a  new  com¬ 


pany  under  the  style  of  National  Co¬ 
operative  Society.  If  the  old  stockhold¬ 
ers  would  put  up  new  cash  for  certaiq 
proportions  of  the  new  stock,  then  Kahn 
would  give  them  other  stock  in  the  new 
company  to  the  amount  of  their  hold¬ 
ings  in  the  Cash  Buyers’  Union.  It 
was  the  old  promoter  trick  to  get 
money  by  pretending  to  give  something 
for  nothing.  The  old  stock  was  abso¬ 
lutely  worthless.  The  ne\.  stock  was 
equally  so.  The  trick  was  to  get  the 
new  money.  It  didn’t  matter  how  much 
paper  stock  was  issued  for  it.  Many 
of  the  old  victims  asked  us  if  it  would 
be  wise  to  go  in  again  to  recover  what 
was  lost.  We  repeatedly  said  “no.”  It 
required  no  great  wisdom  to  see  that 
the  new  scheme  was  as  much  of  a  fraud 
as  the  old  one.  Kahn  is  now  gone;  but 
he  will  no  doubt  turn  up  again.  It  was 
since  his  experience  with  the  criminal 
courts  that  E.  G.  Lewis  became  so  per¬ 
sistant  in  calling  himself  a  dreamer.  To 
devise  a  scheme  to  defraud  is  criminal ; 
to  get  your  money  on  promises  and 
squander  it  in  a  dream  is  philanthropy! 
The  distinction  is  important — to  the 
promoter.  One  means  the  penitentiary ; 
the  other  helps  promote  a  new  scheme. 

I  sent  to  N.  F.  Boyer  &  Co.  on  April  19, 
1911.  $10.  for  which  they  were  to  ship  me 
an  English  hull  pup.  They  acknowledged 
the  letter  and  receipt  of  the  money  order 
all  light,  so  I  waited,  as  I  thought,  a  rea¬ 
sonable  length  of  time  and  wrote  them  in 
regard  to  this,  and  they  said  they  had  not 
shipped  the  dog  yet  but  would  do  so  at  an 
early  date.  I  waited  again  what  I  con¬ 
sidered  a  reasonable  length  of  time,  and 
have  written  three  times,  hut  have  been 
unable  to  get  any  reply.  They  will  not 
answer  my  letters  or  give  me  any  informa¬ 
tion  in  regard  to  same.  What  do  you  know 
about  this  party  in  regard  to  their  standing 
and  reliability?  It  does  seem  to  me  they 
should  either  have  made  the  shipment  or 
returned  the  money,  which  I  had  asked  them 
to  do.  w.  B.  R. 

West  Virginia. 

Our  letters  in  behalf  of  this  subscriber 
met  with  the  same  silence  as  his  own. 
We  have  repeatedly  refused  the  adver¬ 
tising  of  this  concern,  and  subscribers 
have  been  warned  against  sending 
money  in  advance.  Our  last  report  was 
that  Mr.  Boyer  had  died,  but  evidently 
the  present  manager  is  conducting  the 
business  on  the  same  basis.  Cases  of 
this  kind  should  be  reported  to  the  Post¬ 
master-General,  Washington,  D.  C. 

I  enclose  a  bill  against  F.  T.  Tlornbock  & 
Co..  Amsterdam,  N.  Y.,  for  $5.20,  dated 
.Tunc  11,  1910.  for  two  crates  of  straw¬ 
berries.  which  have  never  been  settled  for. 
His  agent  induced  me  to  send  the  two  crates 
for  a  trial,  saying  I  could  get  a  good  price 
in  Amsterdam.  The  result  was  Ilornbeck 
made  returns  for  56  quarts,  claiming  the 
shipment  was  eight  quarts  short.  He  en¬ 
closed  his  check  for  $5.20,  but  neglected  to 
sign  it.  I  took  the  stand  he  was  careless 
and  sent  it  to  my  bank  with  others  for 
collection.  In  due'  time  the  bank  returned 
the  check  to  me,  saying  they  could  not  col¬ 
lect.  I  urged  them  to  make  every  effort, 
but  without  success.  I  wrote  Mr.  Ilorn¬ 
beck.  enclosing  the  check,  requesting  him  to 
sign  and  return  it.  Since  then  he  has  never 
replied,  although  both  his  agent  and  I  have 
written  him  several  times.  I  was  getting 
more  in  New  York  than  Ilornbeck  gave  on 
the  same  dav,  and  this  is  the  first  and  last 
complaint  I  'have  ever  had  of  shortage.  His 
agent  still  says  the  man  is  honest,  but  I 
can  think  as  I  choose.  a.  e.  b. 

New  York. 

We  have  made  every  possible  effort 
to  induce  Messrs.  Hornbeck  &  Co.  to 
honor  this  little  check ;  but  in  vain. 
This  is  a  sample  of  the  usage  shippers 
receive  from  irresponsible  commission 
men ;  yet  the  commission  interests  are 
strong  enough  to  prevent  any  legislation 
that  would  afford  shippers  relief. 

I  want  to  relate  a  little  circumstance  I 
had  in  buying  a  horse  in  a  Newark  sale 
stable  run  by  a  man  named  John  McCul¬ 
lough.  69  Central  Avenue.  I  called  there 
and  bought  a  horse  which  was  in  good  con¬ 
dition  when  I  paid  for  him.  The  horse  was 
to  be  delivered  to  me  in  good  condition,  and 
they  were  to  send  a  man  to  my  place  with 
him  the  same  day  I  bought  him.  or  the  fol¬ 
lowing  day.  I  went  home  and  waited  three 
days.  •  and  as  the  horse  did  not  show  up 
and  I  had  not  heard  a  word  from  them,  my 
brother-in-law  and  I  called  to  ascertain 
what  the  trouble  was.  When  we  got  there 
they  showed  us  the  horse  in  a  stall  lying 
down.  They  stated  they  had  sent  a  boy 
with  him  to  our  place,  but  on  the  way  the 
horse  was  injured  so  he  could  not  walk  back 
to  the  stable,  and  they  had  to  get  an  ambu¬ 
lance  to  get  him  home.  He  had  my  money 
and  wanted  me  to  take  another  horse,  but 
all  the  other  horses  in  the  stable  were  crip¬ 
ples.  and  1  would  not  take  one,  but  asked 
for  my  money.  They  would  only  give  me 
$50  back,  and  I  had  paid  them  $70.  They 
used  very  abusive  language  because  I  want¬ 
ed  back  the  money  paid  them,  which  I  felt 
was  rightly  due  me.  D.  c. 

New  Jersey. 

Horse  dealers,  as  we  have  stated  be¬ 
fore,  are  hard  customers.  They  are  en¬ 
tirely  indifferent  to  any  action  brought 
against  them  or  criticism  in  the  press. 
We  were  not  able  to  bring  any  pressure 
to  bear  on  him  to  refund  the  balance. 
The  man  who  gets  $50  of  value  for  a 
$70  investment  is  lucky.  It  is  more  than 
the  average  when  you  get  away  with  the 
horse.  j.  j.  d. 


AMERICAN 

SEPARATOR 

SENT  ON  TRIAL.  FULLY 
GUARANTEED.  A  new,  well 
made,  easy  running  separator  for 
$15.95.  Skims  hot  or  cold  milk; 
heavy  or  light  cream.  Different 
from  this  picture  which  illus¬ 
trates  our  large  capacity  ma¬ 
chines.  The  bowl  is  a  sanitary 
marvel,  easily  cleaned.  Whether 
dairy  is  large  or  small,  obtain  our 
handsome  free  catalog.  Address 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO. 


AND  UP- 
WARD 


Box 

BAINBR 


U)0N ACE 


know  that  yarded  fowl*  mart  be  kept 
fc  active;  that  clean, sweet  scratching  grounds 
y are  conducive  to  good  health  for  the  dock; 

that  by  occasionally  turning  under  the  top 
i  soik  tbe  yard  is  made  fresh  and  hsalthfui. 
{  This  can  be  done  in  a  few  moments  with  the 

No.  11 
Wheel 
Plow 

This  light,  $2.50  tool  will  also  take 
other  tools  for  different  kinds  of  gar¬ 
den  work.  Iron  Age  tools  pay  for 
themselves  in  one  season.  Writ# 
to  day  for  Anniversary  Catalog 
free,  of  complete  line  of  garden 
'  stools,  potato  machinery,  etc. 
BATEMAN  M’F’G  CO. 

.Box  1023  Grxnloch.  N.  J. 


IPOWN  FENCES? 


Bl 

Strongest,  most  durable  fence 
made.  Heaviest,  closest  wires.  Double 
galvanized.  Practically  indestructible.  Stock  ^ 

strong  Chickeatight.  14  to  35c  per  rod.  Sample  free.  Wepayfrt.  _ 
The  Brown  Fence  &  Wire  Co.,  Dept.  59  Cleveland,  Ohio 


S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Chick*  8c.  each.  If  more  than  four 
chick*  are  dead  to  each  100  you  buy. 
when  reaching 
your  express  of¬ 
fice,  I  will  make 
good  the  loss. 

Catalog  about 
chick  feeding 
and  diseases 
free.  Will  ship 
C.  O.  I). 

C.w.  LAUVER,  Box  73,  Richfield,  Pa. 


I  EEDSViLLE  POULTRY  YARDS-White  Rocks  and  S.C. White 
■■  Leghorns.  A  few  early  hatched  pullets  for  sale  now. 
Nearly  full  grown  at  $1.50  and  $1.25  apiece,  if  ordered 
quickly.  L.  W.  DRAPER,  Prop.,  Amenia,  N.  Y. 


S.  G.  WHITE  LEGHORN  YEARLINGS 

Hens  for  sale,  300  pure  white  birds,  very  best  strain, 
$1.75  each.  BR00KDALE  FARM,  Brewster,  New  York. 


H-99  j%»  %  Pure — i 

American  Ingot  Iron  Roofing 

Guaranteed  For  30  Years 

Without  Painting 

The  Only  Guaranteed  Metal  Roofing  ever  put  on  the 
market.  Samples  free.  W rite  for  a  free  book  showing 
remarkable  tests.  A  way  out  of  your  roof  troubles. 

THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  CO.,  Dept.  D,  ELYRIA,  OHIO 


Hunn  Lake  Poultry  Farm  WicU/im  &mo; 

WhiteWyandotte  Chicks,  $12  per  100.  Eggs. taper  100. 


THE  FARMER’S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 


D  ADV  PUipyC-SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS; 

DHD  I  UniUNO  Young’s  Strain  direct;  best 
in  the  world;  2,000  Breeders;  Chicks.  $9.00  per  100 
during  July;  from  free  range  stock;  chicks  that  do 
nothing  but  live  and  grow.  Safe  arrival  guaranteed. 
My  book,  “Profits  in  Poultry  Keeping  Solved,”  free 
with  every  100  chick  order.  Circular  free. 

BRIGGS'  BABY  CHICK  FARM,  Pleasant  Valley,  New  York 


SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  and  Cock¬ 
erels;  any  quantity  at  attractive  prices;  bred-to-lay 
kind.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington,  N.  J 


5000 


Single-Combed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 
Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 
right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  ouce  for  best  selections.  Largest  success¬ 
ful  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 


We  Will  Sell 


PRIZE  WINNING  STRAINS 


-for  $2.00  for  liens  ami  $2.00  to  $5.00 
for  one-year-old  cockerels — our 
surplus  breeding  stock  of  Partridge  Cochins.  Barred 
Rocks,  White  Rocks,  Partridge  Wyandottes. 

MINCH  BROS.  .  R-3  .  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

|  Barred  Rocks, 
•  White  Wyan¬ 
dottes,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  both  combs,  Single 
Comb  White  and  Brown  Leghorns,  eggs  $1.50,  15; 
$7.00,  100.  Light  and  Dark  Brahmas,  $2.00,  15.  Cat¬ 
alog  gratis.  F.  M.  PRESCOTT,  Riverdale,  N.  J. 

Oft  EGGS  $1.00 — Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
L  U  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Large  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 


Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  May  return  at  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  Southold,  Suffolk  Co.,  N.  Y. 


ROBERTSON’S  CHAIN 
HANGING  STANCHIONS 

i{l  have  used  them  for  more 
than  TWENTY  YEARS,  and  they 
have  given  the  very  best  of  satis¬ 
faction  In  every  way,”  writes 
Justus  H.  Cooley,  M.D.,  Plainfield 
Sanitarium,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

Thirty  da  vs’  trial  on  application 
O.  II.  ROBERTSON 
Wash.  St.,  Forcstville,  Conn. 


EXCELSIOR  SWING  STANCHION 

Warranted  The  Best.  30  Days’  Trial 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  when  open 
Noiseless  Simple  Sanitary  Durable 

The  Wasson  Stanchion  Co., 
Box  60,  Cuba,  N.  Y. 


i 

i 


CRUMB'S 


IMPROVED 

WARRINCR 


STANCHION 


. . .  FOSTER  STEEL  .  .  . 

STANCHIONS 

Increase  Your  Dairy  Profit 

Makes  cows  comfortable.  Save  time 
in  stabling  and  cleaning.  Easy  to 
operate;  cow  proof;  sanitary; 
strong,  and  durable. 

Write  for  our  prices  and  illus¬ 
trated  catalog  before  buying. 
FOSTER  STEEL  STANCHION  CO. 
DOG  Insurance  Itldg.,  Rochester,  N.  T. 


Send  for  my  booklet 
and  learn  why  these  fas¬ 
teners  are  being  installed 
in  the  stables  of  many 


PUBLIC 

INSTITUTIONS 


WALLACE  B.  CKCMB,  Box  Ml,  Forcstville,  Conn. 


BABY  CHICKS,  8ic. 

C.  White  Leghorns  in  any  quantity.  Safe  arrival 
guaranteed,  Circulars  free.  CHAS.  R.  STONE,  Baby 
Chicken  Farm,  Staatsburg-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 


Buff,  Wh.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  S.  C.  K.  I.  Red. 
Eggs,  90c.  per  15,  $1.50  per  30.  $2.75  per  GO,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  pa. 


D  pi  II  |  TD  YM  CW — Don’t  fail  to  secure  Stock  and 
rUULI  n  I  111  L It  Eggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  AWARDS,  Marietta,  Pa. 


Q  A  |  C-A  FEW  CHOICE  COCKERELS. 

UrtLC  HATCHED  APRIL  6,  FROM  EGGS 
DIRECT  FROM  WYCKOFF. 

MARGARET  METZGER  .  Yulan,  Sullivan  County,  New  York 


cn  R  C  A I  C— 150  S.  O.  WHITE  AND  BROWN 
run  OR LC  LEGHORN  YEARLING  HENS; 
vigorous,  healthy  stock,  now  laying.  One  extra  fine 
pen  Young  strain;  lowpriceto  prompt  buyer.  Write 
MBS.  ALICE  SCARBOROUGH,  Rt.  1,  Dover.  Del. 


50,000  MEN  WANTED 

In  Western  Canada 

200  Million  Bushels  Wheat 
to  be  harvested 

Harvest  Help  in  Great  Demand 

Reports  from  the  Provinces  of  Manitoba, 
Saskatchewan  and  Alberta  (Western  Can¬ 
ada)  indicate  one  of  the  best  crops  ever 
raised  on  the  continent.  To  harvest  this 
crop  will  require  at  least  50,000  harvesters. 

Low  Rates  will  be  given 
On  All  Canadian  Roads 

Excursions  are  run  daily  and  full  particulars  will 
be  given  on  application  to  the  following  authorized 
Canadian  Government  Agent.  The  rates  are  made  to 
apply  to  all  who  wish  to  take  advantage  of  them  for 
the  purpose  of  inspecting  the  grain  fields  of  Western 
Canada,  and  the  wonderful  opportunities  there 
offered  for  those  who  wish  to  invest,  and  also  those 
who  wish  to  take  up  actual  farm  life.  Apply  at 
once  to 

Canadian  Government  Agent 
J.  S.  CRAWFORD 

30  SYRACUSE  SAVINGS  BANK  BUILDING.  SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 

WE  SELL  FARMS  in  Oceana,  best  County  in  U.  S. 

Fruit,  Alfalfa,  Grain, Vegetables,  Stock,  Poul¬ 
try.  J.  D.  S.  HANSON  &  SON,  Hart,  Mich. 

PARMQ  Circular  free.  Dept.  151,  Iceland's 
1  MniYIO  Farm  Agency,  31  Milk  St.,  Boston 


80  lbs.  More  Milk 

IN  3  DAYS 

Resulted  from  using  “Will-Kill-Flies” 
on  twenty-two  cows— kept  them  free  from 
flies  and  increased  milk  flow  80  lbs.  in  3  days. 

WILL-KILL-FLIES 

the  most  effective  liquid  spraying  preparation  and 
perfect  disinfectant,  kills  flies  and  all  insect  pests  ' 
that  annoy  your  stock  and  poultry — that  means  more 
milk,  more  eggs,  healthy,  contented  cattle. 

Free  Test  at  our  Expense 

We’ll  send  you,  express  prepaid  east  of  Rocky 
Mountains,  1  gallon  of  “Will-Kill-Flies”  and  a 
sprayer,  oil  receipt  of  $2.00  and  dealer’s  name. 

^  If  it  doesn’t  satisfy  you  in  every  respect,  we  will^ 
k  refund  money.  Lasts  longer  and  accom-  A 
plishes  more  than  other  preparations. 

EUREKA  MOWER  COMPANY 
Box  964,  Utica,  N.  Y. 


'•"lY.Vh.THE  " 

; ;';XNIMAL3 

•-FRIEND 

Keeps  flies  and  all 
insects  and  pests  off 
animals  —  in  barn  or  pas¬ 
ture— longer  than  any  imi¬ 
tation.  Used  and  endorsed 
since  1885  by  leading  dairy¬ 
men  and  farmers. 

$1  worth  saves  $20.00 

- ,  — -  in  milk  and  flesh  on  each 

cow  in  a  single  season.  Cures  sores,  stops  itching 
and  prevents  infection.  Nothing  better  for  galls. 
Kills  lice  and  mites  in  poultry  houses. 

<t1  If  your  dealer  can’t  supply  you,  for 
iJLitll/  «J>1,  enough  Shoo- Fly  to  protect  200 
cows,  and  our  8  .  tube  gravity  sprayer  without 
extra  charge.  Money  back  if  not  satisfactory .  Write 
for  Booklet,  free.  Special  terms  to  agents. 

P  1310  N.  10th  St.,  Philada. 


Shoo-Fly  Mfg.  Co.,  Dept. 


DO  YOU  NEED  FARM  HELP? 

The  Jewish  Agricultural  and  Industrial  Aid 
Society  has  on  its  lists  men  wishing  to  obtain  em¬ 
ployment  upon  farms.  Most  of  them  are  without 
experience,  but  they  are  able-bodied  and  willing 
to  work.  They  speak  little  or  no  English,  although 
many  of  them  speak  German.  If  you  can  make 
use  of  such  help,  please  communicate  with  us, 
stating  what  you  will  pay,  whether  the  work  is 
permanent,  and  whether  you  prefer  a  single  or  a 
married  man.  We  are  a  philanthropic  organiza¬ 
tion,  whose  object  it  is  to  assist  and  encourage 
Jews  to  become  farmers.  We  charge  no  commis¬ 
sion  to  employer  or  employee.  Address 
THE  J.  A.  &  I.  A.  S..  174  Second  Avenue,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


FAR  Q A1  C— If  you  want  the  best  farms  for  the 
lull  OBLL  money,  send  for  our  large  free  catalog. 
HALL’S  FARM  AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.,  N.Y. 


1911. 


THE  RURAI>  NEW-YORKER. 


795 


Crops  and  Markets 

Wholesale  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  July  21,  1911. 


BUTTER 

Frice  of  the  better  grades  is  a  cent  above 
last  week. 


Creamery,  fancy,  lb.... 

® 

.26 

Good  to  Choice . 

@ 

.24 

Lower  Grades  . 

@ 

.21 

Stale  Dairy,  best . 

® 

.24 

Common  to  Good . 

@ 

.22 

Factory . 

© 

.19 

Pack!  ng  Stock . 

@ 

.18 

Elgin  111.  butter  market  firm  at  24  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  25*s  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  2(5  cents. 


CHEESE 

Bulk  of  present  receipts  is  under  prime. 
Trade  in  white  is  dull. 


Full  Cream,  best,  new . 11  @  .12 

Common  to  Good . 09  @  .lo 

Skims . 05  ©  .10 

Old,  common  to  good . 11  @  .1316 


EGG8 

Fancy  grades  are  very  scarce,  a  good 
many  receipts  supposed  to  be  good  to  fancy 
show  heat  damage.  Some  storage  stock  is 
being  moved,  prices  having  reached  a  point 
where  holders  can  take  a  profit.  The  mar¬ 
ket  on  medium  and  low  grades  is  in  bad 
shape. 


White,  good  to  choice .  2.5  ©  .29 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 22  ©  .25 

Common  to  Good . 15  ©  .18 

Western,  best . 17  ©  .20 

Under  grades . 12  @  .16 

Checks  and  dirties . 06  IS)  .10 

BEANS 

Market  on  Marrow  and  Pea  firm.  White 
Kidney  very  scarce. 

Marrow,  100  lbs .  3.25  ®  3.90 

Medium . 3.15  ®  3.75 

Pea . . .  3.15  @  3.95 

Yellow  Eye .  3.50  ®  3.60 

Bed  Kidney . 6.00  ®  6.45 

WhiteKidnoy . 6. 10  ®  5.25 

Lima,  California . 6.70  ©  6.75 


HOPS 

The  present  scarcity  of  the  old  crop, 
both  in  this  country  and  Europe  is  the 
greatest  on  record. 


Prime  to  Choice . 31  @  .32 

Common  to  Good . 29  @  .30 

Pacific  Coast . 29  @  .32 


CIDER  VINEGAR 

New  York  jobbing  prices  for  single  bar¬ 
rel  lots.  Very  little  vinegar  good  enough 
for  top  quotations  is  offered. 


Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 22  ®  .24 

Standard  Grade . 13  ©  .15 


DRIED  FRUITS 

Old  apples  are  so  scarce  that  quotations 
are  largely  normal.  The  future  market  in 
Western  New  York  is  very  strong. 


Apples,  evap.  prime . 14  ®  15 

Evap.,  com.  to  good . 06  @  .13 

Cores  and  Skins . 07  ®  .0716 

Raspberries . 29  ©  .33 

Cherries . 16  ®  .18 


FRESH  FRUITS 

Choice  new  apples  are  scafce.  Windfalls, 
if  not  badly  bruised,  bring  fair  prices.  A 
few  South  Jersey  peaches  are  arriving, 
bringing  up  to  .152  per  crate.  Pears  from 
the  South  lower. 


Apples,  Astrachan,  bbl . 2.50  ©  3.50 

Sweet  Hough,  bbl . 2.50  ®  3.25 

Windfalls,  bbl .  1.25  ®  1.75 

Various,  *6-bbl.-bkt . 75  @  1.00 

Pears,  Southern,  Be  Conte,  bbl .  4.00  @  8.50 

Kleffer . 3.50  ®  4.50 

Sand .  5.00  ®  6.50 

Peaches,  Ga.,  carrier .  1.25  ®  3.75 

Jersey,  crate .  2.00  ®  2.50 

Cherries,  lb . 06  la)  .10 

Muskmelons,  Southern,  crate .  1.25  @  1.50 

Maryland,  crate . 75  ®  1  50 

Arizona,  crate .  1.75  Id  3.00 

California,  crate .  2.00  ®  3.75 

Watermelons,  Southern,  100 . 10.00  ®25.00 

Huckleberries  quart . 06  ®  .13 

Blackberries,  qt . 07  ®  .12 

Raspberries,  red,  pint.. . 05  @  .08 

Currants,  qt . 13  @  .14 

VEGETABLES 


Southern  potatoes  running  largely  poor ; 
Long  Island  and  Jersey  selling  well.  Trade 
in  sweet  corn  active.  Onion  market  firm. 
Tomatoes  in  good  demand  when  above  me¬ 
dium  quality. 


Potatoes,  Jersey,  bbl .  3.50  @  3.87 

Southern,  No.  i,  bbl . 3.50  ®  4.00 

Southern,  No.  2,  bbl . 2.00  @  2.25 

Long  Island,  bbl .  3.75  @  4.00 

Beets,  new,  100  bunches .  1.00  ®  2.00 

Carrots,  new,  100  bunches . 1.00  ®  2.00 

Cabbage,  Long  Island,  bbl . 75  @  1.25 

Sweet  Corn,  Jersey,  100 . 50  ®  1.50 

Cucumbers,  bu . 60  ©  .75 

Celery,  Jersey,  bunch . 10  @  .40 

Cauliflower,  L.I.,  bbl .  1.50  @  2,50 

State,  bbl .  3.00  ®  4.00 

Lettuce,  *6-bbl.  bkt . 60  @  1.75 

Peppers,  Southern,  bu . 1.00  ®  1.75 

Jersey,  bu . 90  @  1.50 

Horseradish,  100  lbs . 3.00  @  6.00 

Okra.  Jersey,  bu .  1.00  ©  2.00 

Onions,  Long  Island,  bbl . 2.00  ®  3.00 

Egyptian,  bag . 2.00  @  2.50 

Jersey,  bu .  1.25  @  1.50 

Peas.  State,  bu . 75  ®  1.75 

Radishes.100  bunches . 35  ®  .75 

String  Beans,  bu.. . 75  @  1.25 

Lima  Beans,  bu .  1.60  ©  2.00 

Spinach,  bbl . 50  ®  1.00 

Squasn.  Marrow,  bbl . 60  @  .75 

Crook  Neck,  bbl  . : . 50  @  1.00 

Tamms,  Rutabaga,  bbl . 76  @1.00 

White,  bbl .  1.00  IS)  2.00 

Leeks,  100  bunches .  1.00  @  2.00 

Egg  Plants,  Southern,  bbl .  1.75  @  2.26 

Jersey,  bu . 90  @  1.12 

Tomatoes,  Del.  and  Md.  crate . 40  @  .80 

Jersey,  box .  .75  @  2.50 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Chickens,  Broilers,  lb . 20  ®  .21 

Fowls . 14  @  .15 

Roosters .  .08  @  .09 

Ducks . 11  ©  .12 

Geese . 08  @  .09 

Turkeys . 10  @  ,12 


DRESSED  poultry— Fresh  Killed 


Turkeys,  best . 14  ®  .15 

Common  to  Good . 12  @  .13 

Chickens,  fancy  broilers,  lb .  25  @  .27 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 20  @  .24 

Fowls .  13  @  .16 

Spring  Ducks,  lb . 13  ©  .15 

Squabs,  doz . .  1.00  @  3.50 

DRESSED  POULTRY- Frozen 

Turkeys,  best . 22  ®  .23 

Chickens,  milk-fed  broilers . 18  @  .22 

Corn-fed  broilers . 15  @  .18 

Mi lk- fed  roasters . 17  @  .1816 

Corn-fed  roasters . 15  @  .16*6 

Fowls . 11  @  .16 


HAY  AND  STRAW 

Market  steady  on  Timothy.  Low  grades 
are  working  out  fairly  well  on  a  lower 
price  basis. 


Hay,  No.  1,  ton . 27.00  ©  28.00 

No.  2 . 24.00  ©  26.00 

No.  3 . 18.00  @  20.00 

Clover  Mixed . 18.00  ©  22  00 

Clover . 16.00  @  18.00 

Straw,  Rye . 11.00  @  12.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 8.00  @  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs .  4  25  @  6.10 

Bulls . 3.50  @  4.55 

Cows .  2  00  ©  5.00 

Calves,  Piime  Veal,  100  lbs . 6.5J  ©  9.60 

Culls  .  5  00  @  6.00 

Sheep,  10t>  lbs.....' . 2.50  @  3.75 

Lambs .  6.25  ®  7.75 

Hogs . 6.60  @  7.25 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.08  @  .. 

No.  2,  Red . 97  @  ... 

No.  1  Macaroni . 98  ©  .. 

Corn,  ns  to  qnality,  bush . 60  @  .70 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 4S  @  .62 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 85  ®  .90 

MILL  FEED 

Spring  Br3n. ton .  25.53  @  26.50 

Standard  Middlings .  26.85  ®  29.00 

Red  Dog .  28.00  @  30.00 

Hominy  Chop .  25.00  ®  26.20 

Linseed  Meal .  33.00  @  34.50 

Corn  Meal .  27.00  ®  28.00 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  13.45 

Middling  Gulf .  13.  0 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  13.75 

Good  Middling .  14.80 

WOOL 

NewYork  Fleeces.  Fine, unwashed .  18  @  .19 

Ohio  half  blood  combing . 25  @  .26 

Kentucky,  three-eighths  blood . 23  ©  .24 

Micnigan.  halt  blood . 23  @  .25 

TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadleaf-illler . 08  ®  .10 

Fine  wrappers  . 60  @  75 

N.  Y.  State  Fillers . 05  @  .06 

Fine  and  Selections . 12  @  .16 

Ohio  Zimmer  s  Spanish . 19  @  .20 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 0T*6@  *09 

Dark  Leaf . 10  ®  .20  j 

Bright  Cutters . 12  @  .30 

Penn,  broad  leaf  fillers . 10  @  .12 

CHICAGO 

Butter,  creamery . 20  ©  .24 

Eggs,  good  to  prime  firsts . 11*6©  .16*6 

Live  Turkeys . 10  ©  .12 

Fowls . 11  @  12*6 

Chickens . 18  @  .22 

Potatoes,  new,  bbl . 5.00  @  6.25 

Blackberries,  quart . 05  @  .07 

Sheep,  100  lbs. . 2.50  @  4.65 

Lambs,  100  lbs . 4.00  @  7.00 

Hogs . 6.00  @6  95 

BUFFALO 

Butter,  creamery . 23  @  .26 

Eggs,  State . 18  ©  .24 

Live  Chickens . 16  @  .16*6 

Fowls .  12©  .16 

Potatoes,  new,  bbl . 4.50  @  5.00 

Calves,  live,  100  lbs . 5.50  @  8  76 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 1.60  @  4.26 

Lambs,  100  lbs . 5.00  @  8.00 

Hogs . 6.35  @  7.00 

Wheat,  No.  2,  Red .  @  .89 

Corn . 64  @  .68 

Oats . 42  @  .45 


Hail  has  caused  serious  damage  to  corn 
and  tobacco  iu  Lancaster  county,  Penn. 

Indiana  has  2,450  acres  in  onions.  The 
crop  is  expected  to  be  1,250,000  bushels. 

The  hay  crop  in  the  Ottawa  Valley,  Can¬ 
ada,  is  reported  to  be  very  large  and  har¬ 
vested  in  good  condition. 

Damage  amounting  to  $1,500,000  has  been 
caused  by  floods  and  winds  in  the  tobacco 
sections  of  the  Philippines. 

Cotton  picking  is  progressing  rapidly  in 
southwest  Texas.  A  4,000,000  bale  crop 
for  the  State  is  predicted. 

Rains  in  Kansas  have  greatly  improved 
the  crop  outlook,  which  now  promises  to 
be  not  far  from  the  average. 

Government  Cotton  Report. — The  condi¬ 
tion  on  June  25  was  88.2  per  cent  of  a  nor¬ 
mal  crop  for  the  whole  country.  This  is 
8.2  per  cent  above  the  10-year  average  at 
this  date.  Figures  for  the  various  cotton 
States  follow:  California,  100  per  cent;  Vir¬ 
ginia,  98 ;  Florida,  90 ;  Georgia,  94 ;  Ala¬ 
bama,  93 ;  Missouri,  90 ;  North  Carolina, 
Louisiana  and  Arkansas,  89 ;  Mississippi, 
Oklahoma  and  Tennessee,  87  ;  Texas,  85 ; 
South  Carolina,  84. 

The  Agricultural  Department  gives  the 
following  average  prices  of  various  crops 
throughout  this  country  the  latter  part  of 
June,  1911:  Corn,  GO  cents  bushel;  wheat, 
84.3 ;  oats,  37.5 ;  hay,  $13.99  ton ;  cotton, 
14.4  cents  pound ;  apples,  bushel,  $1.35 ; 
onions,  bushel,  $1.34  ;  clover  seed,  bushel, 
$8.80 ;  Timothy  seed,  bushel,  $5.24 ;  beef 
cattle,  100  pounds,  $4.43 ;  calves,  $5.72 ; 
lambs,  $5.51  ;  hogs,  $5.66 ;  wool,  pound, 
.155 ;  milk,  gallon,  .200 ;  bran,  per  ton  to 
feeders,  $25.87. 

Foreign  Crops. — Hungary  will  produce 
about  163,000,000  bushels  of  wheat  and 
50,000,000  of  rye.  Crops  in  Spain  are  un¬ 
usually  good,  the  prospect  for  wheat  being 
157,000,000  bushels.  Grain  conditions  in 
France  and  Germany  are  medium  or  below. 
Egypt  has  1.250,000  acres  in  wheat,  which 
promises  to  be  above  the  average.  Argen¬ 
tina  has  about  15,600,000  in  wheat,  oats 
and  flax,  weather  conditions  being  favor¬ 
able. 

Well,  it  sure  has  been  hot,  one  of  the 
hottest  spells  for  years.  Pastures  are  all 
drying  up  around  Washington,  so  we  got 
a  note  from  our  milkman  saying  he  must 
increase  his  price  from  eight  cents  to  nine 
cents  a  quart.  I  do  not  think  he  will  get 
rich  at  nine  cents,  judging  by  my  experi¬ 
ence  in  running  a  dairy  pack  in  Michigan. 
The  weather  in  Washington  is  hot,  but  the 
political  pot  is  boiling,  and  the  President  is 
in  hot  water,  what  with  the  Dr.  Wiley  af¬ 
fair,  the  Dick-Dick  letter,  and  the  Wicker- 
sham  investigation  likely  to  develop  next. 
Then,  too,  Congress  is  very  busy  these  days 
and  is  getting  ready  to  wind  up  the  special 
session.  f.  n.  c. 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Prices  are  very  good  here,  for  we  have 
for  a  market  the  Thousand  Islands.  Cheese 
(Yankee)  sold  for  12  cents  per  pound  this 
week  at  wholesale,  but  I  cannot  buy  a 
pound  at  the  store  for  less  than  20  cents. 
Strawberries  are  15  cents  per  quart.  I 

take  my  crop  to  an  honest  merchant  who 
sells  for  one  cent  per  quart  more  than  he 
gives  me.  If  there  is  any  loss  of  unsold 

fruit,  I  stand  it.  New  potatoes  sell  at  60 

and  70  cents  per  peck.  I  cannot  get  but 
50  cents  a  peck,  and  my  new  potatoes  are 
extra  good  size.  Eggs  are  18  cents  per 


dozen  from  the  farmer  and  sell  out  of  the 
Store  for  25  cents.  Green  peas  bring  me 
$1.25  per  bushel  and  sell  for  $2.  Butter 
brings  25  cents  and  sells  for  28  and  30 
cents.  e.  u.  f. 

Clayton,  N.  Y. 

Cattle  Markets. — The  poor  pastures  and 
uncertain  outlook  for  corn  and  other  fodder 
has  hurried  an  unusual  number  of  thin 
cattle  to  Chicago  and  other  Western  markets 
during  the  past  week.  Low  prices  have  pre¬ 
vailed,  especially  for  this  class  of  stock. 

Cotton  Outlook. — The  drought  in  the 
Southwest  is  broken,  and  the  crop  appears 
to  be  out  of  danger  for  some  time.  Specula¬ 
tive  markets  both  in  this  country  and 
Europe  have  been  decidedly  lower,  most  re¬ 
cent  sales  of  middling  grade  being  under 
15  cents. 

I  have  never  seen  such  a  drought  as 
now  prevails  in  this  immediate  neighbor¬ 
hood.  The  drought  has  been  broken  all 
around  us,  but  here  we  have  had  only 
three  or  four  light  showers  since  the  mid¬ 
dle  of  April,  and  it  is  pitiful  to  see  the  re¬ 
sult.  Our  garden  corn  has  simply  dried  up. 
Our  green  peas  died  too,  and  only  a  few 
things  that  I  can  reach  daily  with  the  hose 
are  living  at  all.  This,  with  the  intense 
heat  and  high  winds  has  given  us  a  scene 
of  desolation  equal  to  a  sagebrush  plain. 
My  neighbor,  W.  F.  Allen,  says  that  he  can 
get  but  half  a  dozen  baskets  of  cucumbers 
at  a  picking  from  10  acres  and  many  of 
these  are  worthless.  He  has  about  100 
acres  in  cantaloupes,  but  they  are  wither¬ 
ing.  And  yet  within  a  few  miles  there  have 
recently  been  heavy  rains.  The  only  thing 
in  my  garden  that  has  paid  is  a  plot  of 
Candidum  lilies,  25x40  feet,  from  which  the 
cut  flowers  sold  in  Philadelphia  for  $44.52, 
and  I  have  the  bulbs  yet.  I  have  shown 
the  trade  that  we  can  grow  better  bulbs  of 
this  lily  here  than  they  import  from  France, 
and  I  am  going  to  increase  my  stock,  de¬ 
pending  on  the  flowers  for  profit  till  I  get 
enough  of  the  bulbs  to  put  them  too  on  the 
market.  w.  F.  M. 

Salisbury,  Md. 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE. 

Pittsburg  is  to  have  a  $5,000,000  cold 
storage  plant  for  the  handling  of  farm 
produce. 

A  One-Year-Old  gold  mine  owned  by  a 
butcher  at  Calgary,  Alberta,  was  recently 
sold  for  $8,000,000. 

During  May,  59  of  the  principal  rail¬ 
roads  of  this  country  had  a  gross  income 
of  $163,725,625,  or  $1,121  per  mile.  Total 
expenses  were  $111,933,524;  income  per 
mile,  $309. 

Greece  is  to  have  a  new  line  of  fast 
steamers  direct  to  American  ports.  The 
Increase  in  trade  between  this  old  time 
democracy  and  the  United  States  is  suffi- 
cient  to  warrant  this  increase  in  shipping 
facilities. 

During  the  12  months  ending  June  30 
we  exported  58,429,541  bushels  of  corn, 
worth  $32,257,894  ;  23,388,619  wheat,  $21,- 
696,330 ;  10,095,983  barrels  flour,  $49,224,- 
350 ;  4,028,959,070  pounds  cotton,  $584,- 
651,675;  1,499,744,090  gallons  petroleum, 
$92,148,924.  The  total  value  of  all  exports 
was  $927,289,704,  about  $140,000,000  in  ex¬ 
cess  of  the  previous  year. 

The  sentiments  of  Texas  toward  trusts 
are  well  understood  from  the  fact  they  have 
all  been  kicked  out  of  the  State.  But  an 
interesting  exception  favoring  a  monopoly 
has  been  made  in  a  village  in  northern 
Texas.  The  local  authorities  passed  a  law 
that  no  one  shall  be  allowed  to  sell  peanuts 
on  the  streets  unless  both  of  his  legs  have 
been  cut  off.  The  object  of  this  ordinance 
is  to  prevent  any  able-bodied  man  from 
competing  with  the  present  peanut  merchant 
of  the  town,  a  negro  who  has  lost  both  his 
legs.  Unlike  some  laws  this  one  tests 
high  in  the  cream  of  human  kindness. 

The  endorsement  of  Dr.  Wiley  by  the 
wholesale  grocery  trade  is  interesting.  There 
may  possibly  be  some  people,  doing  an 
honest  business,  not  detrimental  to  public- 
health  or  purse,  who  want  to  have  the 
Chief  Chemist  put  out  of  his  office.  But 
so  far  as  has  been  learned  this  demand 
comes  solely  from  those  who  want  to  put 
formaldehyde,  salicylic  acid,  benzoate  of 
soda,  or  similar  delicate  condiments  into  our 
food,  or  fill  their  pockets  by  stuffing  drugs 
and  foods  with  worthless,  though  perhaps 
harmless,  adulterants.  The  howls  that  Dr. 
Wiley’s  attitude  is  “detrimental  to  busi¬ 
ness”  can  easily  be  traced  to  their  sources 
— those  who  make  adulterants  and  those 
who  can  make  money  by  using  them. 

Live  Poultry  Prices. — “I  see  that  live 
broilers  are  quoted  at  ?0  cents,  and  fowls 
12  .cents.  Will  you  give  me  the  address 
of  some  one  who  sells  at  these  prices?” 

New  York.  h.  m. 

The  name  of  a  dealer  who  has  got  even 
higher  prices  than  those  named  has  been 
sent  the  inquirer,  but  no  guarantee  can  be 
given  as  to  what  future  lots  will  bring. 
Market  quotations  are  not  necessarily  proph¬ 
ecies  of  future  prices.  They  are  ordi¬ 
narily  records  of  sales,  except  in  cases 
where  the  demand  is  so  slack  that  the  ask¬ 
ing  price  is  used  as  a  basis  for  the  quota¬ 
tion.  To  bring  best  prices  the  chickens 
should  weigh  1%  to  1%  pounds  each. 
Coops  must  have  solid  bottom  and  be 
slatted  on  sides  and  top,  so  as  to  give 
plenty  of  air,  and  be  high  enough  that  the 
chicks  can  stand  upright.  The  live  poultry 
market  fluctuates .  considerably  but  as  a 
rule  nice  chickens  sell  well  if  they  arrive 
in  good  condition. 

Package  Laws. — The  New  York  City 
Commissioner  of  Weights  and  Measures 
states  that  beginning  with  August  1  he 
will  enforce  the  various  laws  with  regard 
to  short  fruit  and  vegetable  packages. 
Some  of  these  regulations  have  been  “dead 
letters”  for  several  years  and  others  are 
of  more  recent  passage.  In  order  to  be 
safe  shippers  should  use  only  full  size  pack¬ 
ages  as  follows :  A  barrel  of  apples,  pears, 
quinces  or  potatoes  must  contain  100  quarts 
dry  measure.  Where  potatoes  are  sold  by 
weight,  a  “barrel”  shall  be  174  pounds. 
A  quart  berry  basket  must  contain  67.2 
cubic  inches  and  a  pint  33.6  cubic  inches. 
There  has  been  some  difference  of  opinion 
as  to  whether  short  packages  could  be  used 
if  marked  “short.”  The  State  law  apparent¬ 
ly  permits  this,  but  the  following  New  York 
City  ordinance  seems  to  bar  out  these  short 
packages : 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  July  29,  1911. 


FARM  TOPICS. 

“The  Land  of  Heart’s  Delight”. .  .781,  782 

The  Value  of  Hen  Manure .  782 

Preparing  Sod  for  Wheat .  782 

A  Review  of  “Clark  Grass  Culture”...  783 

The  Cost  of  Harvesting  Hay .  784 

Hoeing  Potatoes  While  Wet. .  784 

Is  Asparagus  Poisonous .  784 

The  Cornstalk  Borer .  785 

“Blister  Beetle” ;  Old-fashioned  Potato 

Bug  .  785 

The  Web  Spinner .  7S5 

Hope  Farm  Notes .  786 

Farm  Diary  .  789 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

Beef  Cattle  in  Ohio .  792 

Milk  .  792 

Hurrah  for  the  Holstcins .  792 

Damaged  Barley  for  Poultry .  793 

Blood  Spots  in  Eggs . .  793 

How  to  Kill  Lice  on  Chicks .  793 

Summer  Silage  for  a  Few  Animals....  793 

HORTICULTURE. 

Let  ’Em  Alone!  Galled  Trees .  782 

An  Order  for  Nursery  Stock .  783 

Mixing  Varieties  of  Fruit .  784 

That  Florida  Strawberry  Story .  784 

Some  Strawberry  Questions .  784 

Trees  Hurt  by  Kindness .  785 

The  St.  Regis  Raspberry .  787 

A  New  Tropical  Fruit .  787 

In  Memory  of  W.  N.  Irwin .  787 

Thrips  and  Slugs  on  Roses .  787 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day .  790 

The  Rural  Patterns .  790 

A  Tennessee  Country  Club .  790 

The  Carpet  Beetle .  790 

Crab  Apple  Preserves .  790 

An  After-Dinner  Rest .  791 

Substitutes  for  Fruit .  791 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

A  Philosopher  on  Plain  Living .  782 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Prices .  784 

Engine  Power  and  Fuel .  785 

When  to  Kill  Timber.. .  785 

Untwisting  a  Rope .  785 

A  Sucker  Among  Real  Estate  Agents..  785 

Editorial  .  788 

Other  People's  Money .  789 

Publisher’s  Desk  .  794 


“Sec.  395a.  No  person  shall  manufacture, 
construct,  sell,  offer  for  sale,  or  give  away, 
any  dry  measure  or  liquid  measure,  nor  any 
barrel,  pail,  basket,  vessel,  container,  in¬ 
tended  to  be  used  in  the  purchase  or  sale 
of  any  commodity  or  article  of  merchandise 
which  shall  not  be  so  constructed  as  to 
conform  with  the  standards  provided  by 
statute.  Nor  shall  any  person  use  any  bar¬ 
rel,  cask,  pail,  basket,  vessel  or  container 
in  the  purchase  or  sale  of  any  commodity 
or  article  of  merchandise  which  does  not 
conform  to  the  standards  provided  by  law, 
under  a  penalty  of  one  hundred  dollars  for 
each  offense.” 

When  It  is  necessary  to  ship  for  sale  in 
New  York  barrels  of  fruit  or  vegetables 
partly  full,  the  net  weight  of  the  contents 
should  be  marked  plainly  on  the  outside. 
It  is  understood  that  this  complies  with  the 
law. 

Pear  Prices. — Le  Gonte  pears  from  the 
South  have  sold  unusually  well  iu  New  York 
this  year.  From  the  middle  of  June  until 
early  July  prices  ranged  from  $6  to  $8  per 
barrel,  and  in  some  cases  $10  for  extra 
choice.  The  Le  Conte  is  not  a  pear  of  high 
quality,  but  is  usually  free  from  knots, 
worms  or  other  blemishes,  and  as  grown  in 
Georgia  it  arrives  here  at  just  the  right 
time,  before  the  rush  of  California  Bart- 
letts  and  long  enough  after  the  last  of  the 
stored  Winter  pears  are  gone  to  make  peo¬ 
ple  hungry  for  them.  All  growers  have  not 
got  these  high  prices,  however,  some  ship¬ 
ments  in  uniced  cars  having  arrived  in 
condition  that  made  immediate  sale  neces¬ 
sary.  Some  of  these  lots  have  sold  down 
to  $3.50.  But  even  with  uniformly  good 
fruit  a  marked  difference  in  prices  secured 
by  dealers  in  the  same  part  of  the  city  has 
been  noted.  In  one  instance  a  carload  was 
sold  at  an  average  of  $8  per  barrel,  while 
a  dealer  less  than  a  block  away  got  only 
$6.  Both  of  these  houses  have  a  reputa¬ 
tion  for  ability  in  selling  fruits  and  square 
dealing,  but  one  is  not  necessarily  able  to 
duplicate  the  sales  of  another,  because  the 
supply  of  customers  is  limited.  The  condi¬ 
tions  might  easily  be  reversed  the  next  day. 
Thousands  of  similar  complaints  are  received 
by  produce  dealers  yearly.  Some  pay  little 
attention  to  the  kicks,  others  answer  with 
more  or  less  tact  and  truth,  and  still  others 
please  the  shipper  by  giving  him  an  artificial 
price  the  next  time,  the  artificial  part  being 
a  few  dollars  stolen  from  another  shipper 
and  given  to  the  dissatisfied  one.  And  so 
the  robbing  of  Peter  and  paying  to  Paul 
goes  on.  Discrepancies  like  the  pear  prices 
noted  above  may  indicate  crookedness,  but 
not  necessarily  so.  The  writer  would  not 
condemn  a  concern  hitherto  considered  re¬ 
liable  because  it  sold  one  or  two  lots  of 
produce  lower  than  its  neighbor,  but  a  con¬ 
tinuation  of  this  would  show  crookedness 
or  incompetency,  either  being  disastrous  to 
the  shipper.  w.  w.  h. 


pi.lCASK  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com- 
*  mission  House  in  New  York.  list.  1H38.  Butter. 
Eggs,  Poultry,  I’ork,  Calves,  Hay,  Grain,  Beans, 
Appies,  etc.  K.  It.  WOODWARD,  SOU  (ii  eemvich  bl.,  >.Y, 


Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  8  CO.,  Com¬ 
mission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York. 


Highest  prices  guaranteed  for  White  or  Brown 
Leghorns  or  mixed  eggs.  Also  high  grade  butter. 
Write  us  for  information.  A  trial  will  convince  you 
of  our  ability  to  obtain  extreme  prices.  Address 

JOHNSTONE  6  COUGHLAN, 

164  Duane  Street,  :  :  New  York 


Boston  Produce  Go. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-85  South  Market  St.,  -  Boston. 


res 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


July  29.  1911. 


SAVE  HALF  Your 
Paint  Bills 

By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT  — proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 
Only  Paint  endorsed  by  the  “Grange.” 
Made  in  all  colors, — for  all  purposes. 
DELIVERED  FREE. 

From  the  Mill  Direct  to  You  at  Factory  Price*. 

INGERSOLL  PAINT  BOOK  — FREE 

Tells  all  about  Paint  and  Painting  f ~'r  Durability. 
How  to  avoid  trouble  and  expense  caused  by  paint* 
fading,  chalking  and  peeling.  Valuable  information 
free  to  you.  with  Sample  Color  Cards,  Write  me.  DO 

IT  NOW.  I  can  save  you  money. 

0.  W.  Ingersol),  246  Plymouth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 


Genasco 

the  Trinidad-Lake- Asphalt  Roofing 

You  get  real  roof-economy  in  Genasco 
—notin  substitute  “asphalt”,  coal-tar, 
or  composition  roofings. 

The  Kant-leak  Kieet  makes  seams  absolutely 
watertight  and  prevents  nail  leaks. 

Write  for  the  Good  Roof  Guide  Book  and 
samples. 

The  Barber  Asphalt  Paving  Company 

Largest  producers  of  asphalt,  and  largest 
manufacturers  of  ready  roofing  in  the  world. 

Philadelphia 

New  York  San  Francisco  Chicago 


OUR  GUARANTY 

r  We  guarantee  that  the 
PAPEC  will  cut  and  elevate 
more  silage  than  any  other 
cutter,  same-  power  being 
used,  and  that  it  will  elevate 
^silage  50  feet  with  less  power 
,than  any  other  cutter. 

PAPFf  PNEUMATIC 
*  ENSILAGE  CUTTER 

Always  ready  for  business;  easy  to  set 
up  and  operate;  never  clogs.  Durably 

built— no  wood  to  twist  and  warp-  Write 
for  new  book,  “How  to  Prepare  Ensilage” 
—it’s  _  FREE.  Agents  wanted  la  several 

localities,  attractive  proposlUon. 

25  Distributing  Points  In  U.  S. 
PAPEC  MACHINE  CO. 

Box  JO  Shortsville,  N.  Y. 


FillYourSiloFirstl 

Pay  Afterwards 

I  We  want  to  prove  to  you  that  our  machine*  I 
I  are  a  good  investment  before  you  give  up 
I  your  money.  We  know  they  are  so  good  that  j 
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MACHINERY] 

ha* 6 1  years'erpsrience  behind  it— more  experience 
then  any  ether  machinery  of  it*  kind  made.  It  has 
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intentive  farming  district  in  the  U.  S.  It  is  not  only 

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Our  large  free  eataleg  shows  oat  completo  lint. 
Writs  for  it. 

E.  W.  ROSS  CO.Box  IS  Springfield,  Ohio] 

We  also  manufacture  the  Ross  Silo 

A  complete  stock  of  machines  and  repairs  carried  I 
with  The  Fairbanks  C'o.,  Syracuse,  N.Y.,  Mallalieu  | 
&  Conrey,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Biinton  &  Worth. 
Westchester  Pa., Fred  B. Fuller, Gouverneur,N.Y, 


THESE 

BOOKS 


FREE 

Before  Yon 
Buy  Any 
Ensilage  Cutter 

Get  them  because 
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you  need  to  know 
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BLIZZARD 

GUARANTEED  ENSILAGE 

gets  most  satisfactory  results  and  how 
it  cuts  the  cost  as  well  as  the  ensilage. 
The  most  economical  machine  of  its 
kind.  Less  power  runs  it.  Saves  the 
labor  of  one  operator.  You  can  feed 

it  and  manage  improved  wind  elevator  at  same 
time.  Knives  adjustable  while  machine  runs. 
Self-Feed  table.  Comes  in  three  parts  ready  for 
use.  Guaranteed.  40  years  on  market.  tHas 
received  highest  endorsements.  Write  for  The 
Evidence”  and  “Why  Silage  Pays”  also  Latest 
Catalog,  all  free. 

JOS.  DICK  MFG.  CO. 

1426  West.  Tuscarawas  St.,  Canton,  Ohio 


The  recent  invention  of  an  all-steel  Motor 
Press  makes  Hay  Baling  one  of  the  finest 
profit-paying  businesses  on  earth — so  say  men 
who  are  using  the  new  Sandwich  Motor  Press 


“Hay  baling  has  always  paid  me  fine 
profits,  but  now,  that  I’ve  got  a  MOTOR 
press,  and  hay  selling  at  a  good  price,  l  am 
raking  in  the  coin  hand  oz>er  fist!  It’s  just 
like  finding  money!”  That’s  a  sample  of 
the  letters  we  get  from  delighted  owners 
of  our  newest  style  Hay  Press,  the  Sand¬ 
wich  Motor  Press. 

The  Sandwich  Motor  Press  is  a  combi¬ 
nation  Sandwich  All-Steel  Belt  Power 
Press  with  a  high-grade  gasoline  engine 
mounted  on  same  trucks. 

It  is  the  mostcom- 
plete ,  compact  and 
fast-working  Hay 
Baling  Outfit  in  the 
world.  It  is  porta¬ 
ble,  too!  And  always 
ready  for  work — no 
time  lost  in  setting 
andliningup  engine. 

For  windrow  baling 
this  outfit  has  prov¬ 
en  a  whirlwind. 

The  machine  is  of  reinforced  steel  con¬ 
struction  throughout. 

Special  device  makes  it  easy  to  start  or 
stop  press  instantly.  Friction  clutch  is  on 
the  press,  not  on  the  engine.  Special 
chain  drive.  No  belt  equipment  to  lose 
power  or  require  frequent  adjustment. 

Engine  is  7  H.  P.  hopper-cooled  type, 
requires  little  water.  Under  brake  test 
shows  9  H.  P.  Equipped  with  both  bat¬ 
teries  and  magneto.  Tank  underneath. 
Engine  provided  with  standard  gasoline 
pump  with  overflow.  Combination  seat. 


battery  and  tool  box  included.  A  reliable, 
powerful  engine,  high  class  in  every 
parlicula  r. 

If  you  have  an  engine,  buy  the  Press 
alone.  It  is  easy  to  mount  any  standard 
hopper-cooled  engine  on  platform. 

The  Sandwich  All-Steel  Hay  Press 
bales  35  per  cent  more  hay  than  others 
of  equal  rated  capacity — 2 lA  to  3%  tons 
per  hour.  Has  self-feeder  equipment. 
Takes  double  charge  of  hay.  Has  no  con¬ 
denser  box,  needs  no  foot  tamping — feeds 
direct  from  fork. 
No  balance  wheels, 
no  com  plicated 
gears.no  high  speed 
machinery.  Fast, 
simple,  strong  and 
light  of  draft. 

If  a  smaller  outfit 
is  desired,  one  some¬ 
what  less  expensive 
and  having  capacity 
of,  saylM  to  2  tons 
per  hour,  we  can  furnish  it,  using  either 
a  4  or  5  H.  P.  gasoline  engine. 

We  make  Motor  Presses  (complete  or 
without  supplying  engines);  wood 
frame  and  steel  frame  presses;  horse 
power  and  engine  power  presses  in 
all  sizes  up  to  5-ton  per  hour  capacity. 

Drop  us  a  line,  a  postal,  today  for  new 
book  about  the  profits  in  hay  baling. 
We  want  to  tell  you  particularly  about 
Sandwich  Motor  Presses.  Address 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


ALPHA 


PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 


2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


Edwards  Interlocking 
“Reo”  Steel  Shingles 


Write  todny  for  our  Big  Free  Catalog  Iso.  773.  which 
gives  full  details  about  Edwards  Interlocking  “Reo” 
Steel  Shingles  and  other  motnl  roofing  nnd  materials 
made  by  us.  It  tells  you  all  about  the  Ten  Thousand 
Dollar  Guaranty  Bond,  which  insures  every  Edwards 
“Reo”  Steel  Shingle  Roof  against  destruction  by 
lightning  for  all  time. 

Edwards  “Reo”  Steel  Shingles  are  made  of  high- 
grade  Bessemer  Steel  in  sheets  6  to  12  feet  long  and 
24  inches  wide.  Either  painted  or  galvanized  steel  and 
nl  1  ready  to  put  on.  You  can  easily  put  them  on  your¬ 
self.  Only  hammer  and  nails  required. 

We  have  a  Special  Cash  Money-Making  Propo¬ 
sition  for  the  man  who  writes  for  it.  in  each  commu¬ 
nity.  If  any  of  your  buildings  need  roofing,  you  are 
the  man. 

Send  dimensions  of  your  buildings  nnd  we  will  quote 
you  cost  of  an  Edwards  Roof— freight  prepaid. 

Write  for  offer— NOW. 


The  Edwards  Mfg.  Co.,  723-773  Lock  St.,  Cincinnati,  0. 

Largest  Manufacturers  of  Steel 
Roofing  Material  In  the  World  (GO) 


For  Grain,  Clover,  Rye,  Beans,  Peas,  Etc. 
Steam  and  Gasoline  Engines.  Catalog  Fre« 
THE  WESTINGHOUSE  CO. 
404  OOCK  ST..  SCHENECTADY.  N.  Y. 


SANDWICH  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY 

465  Spruce  Street,  Sandwich,  Ilia  (43) 


The 

Modern 
Wagon 


OUR  BOOKLET 

When  the  Going  is  Hard 

Contains  information  that  is  well  worth  your 
time  to  read.  The  discussion  on  "A  Wheel 
with  One  Spoke"  is  worth  DOLLARS  to  you. 
We  tell  you  why  a  wooden  wheel  is 
dished,  which  is  something  many  wagon 
manufacturers  do  not  know.  There  are  about 
twenty-five  other  articles  just  as  interesting. 

DAVENPORT  ROLLER-BEARING 

STEEL  FARM  WAGON 


There  are  many  reasons  why  the  DAVENPORT  is  the  wagon  for  the  farmer  today. 
Among  these  are:  30%  to  50%  Lighter  Draft,  Increased  Carrying  Capacity,  Does  Not  Carry 
Mud,  No  Repair  Bills.  No  Tires  to  Reset,  and  Many,  Many  More^_ 

Better  Investigate.  Write  for  the  booklet  and  also 
for  our  Package  No.  36.  Both  sent  FREE. 

JOHN  DEERE  PLOW  COMPANY 

_ Moline,  Illinois  THE  BOLLER  bearing 


SANDWICH 

MOTOR  PRESS 


The  Meal  Car  for  the  Farmer 


It  means  quick  trips  to  town 
More  pleasure  for  your  family 


THE  International  auto  wagon  will  take  your  produce 
to  town,  go  to  mill,  haul  milk  and  cream — in  fact, 
do  all  your  light  hauling  in  one-third  the  time,  and 
at  less  cost  than  you  can  do  it  with  a  horse-drawn  vehicle. 

It  never  tires — it  is  ready  to  travel  every  day  in  the 
year — regardless  of  weather — over  all  kinds  of  roads — 
no  matter  whether  they  are  hilly,  muddy,  or  sandy.  . 
The  wheels  are  sufficiently  high  to  give  abundant  road  clearance.  This  makes  it  a  practical 


There  are  no  delays  on  account 


car  for  all  kinds  of  roads. 

The  solid  rubber  tires  eliminate  tire  troubles  and  expense, 
of  punctures  and  blow-outs. 

The  air-cooled  engine  does  not  freeze  in  winter.  There  are  no  delays  on  account  of  stopping 
for  water  and  no  water  pipe  or  jacket  to  freeze  or  break. 

The  International  auto  wagon  will  give  you  more  service  than  you  could  secure  in  any  other  way  for  the  amount 
invested.  Evenings,  Saturday  afternoons,  Sundays,  or  whenever  desired,  the  International  auto  wagon  can  be 

converted  into  a  pleasure  vehicle  by  adding  an  extra  seat  and  top.  It  will  take  you  and  your  - 

family  anywhere  you  may  want  to  go. 

There  are  many  International  auto  wagons  in  the  hands  of  farmers  all  over  the  country. 

They  are  giving  satisfactory  service,  and  saving  their  owners  time  and  money  every  day.  Write 
us  for  catalogue  and  full  information. 

INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER  COMPANY  OF  AMERICA 

lOl  Harvester  Building,  (Incorporated)  Chicago  USA 


“DEMONSTRATION”  FARMERS* 
MILK  STATION. 

Better  Prices  for  Better  Milk. 

Part  I. 

The  problem  of  a  supply  of  choice 
milk  at  a  moderate  cost  is  one  that  has 
attracted  a  good  deal  of  attention  for 
some  time.  We  have  certified  milk 
farms,  operated  at  heavy  expense,  un¬ 
der  a  sort  of  supervision  which  in'  most 
instances  renders  them  unprofitable. 
The  country  has  an  abundance  of  whole¬ 
some  milk  upon  which  infants  and 
adults  alike  thrive.  It  is  difficult  for 
country  people  to  see  why  this  whole¬ 
some  milk  in  the  country  should  be 
harmful  in  the  city,  but  there  seems  to 
be  reason  for  thinking  that  consider¬ 
able  milk  that  is  fed  to  infants  in  city 
homes,  particularly  in  hot  weather  in 
the  homes  of  the  poorer  classes,  has 
some  harmful  tendencies.  Whether  this 
is  due  partly  to  the  condition  of  the 
milk  as  sold,  or  to  its  care  and  to  the 
appliances  used  in  its  feeding,  seems  to 
be  a  somewhat  doubtful  question.  It 
would  seem  fair  to  assume  that  both 
factors,  the  milk  and  the  home,  may 
properly  share  in  the  censure.  At  any 
rate  the  problem  of  securing  milk  that 
keeps  well,  is  clean,  and  is  sold  at  a 
moderate  price  cannot  be  ignored. 

I  suppose  that  the  first  attempt  to  im¬ 
prove  the  condition  of  market  milk  by 
paying  farmers  something  extra  for  milk 
of  superior  quality  was  made  by  the 
present  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  of 
New  York  State,  Raymond  A.  Pearson, 
just  after  his  graduation  from  college. 
From  that  time  on  there  have  been 
some  efforts  made  occasionally  by  this, 
the  most  logical  and  effective  method 
that  has  been  devised.  In  1910  an  as¬ 
sociation  of  men  interested  in  good 
milk  was  formed  in  New  York  City  for 
the  purpose  of  demonstrating  ‘the  pro¬ 
position  of  supplying  high-class  milk 
at  a  reasonable  price.  The  association 
is  called  the  New  York  Dairy  Demon¬ 
stration  Company.  This  association  has 
its  headquarters  in  New  York  City,  and 
has  a  creamery  in  central  New  York, 
the  location  being  at  Homer,  in  Cort¬ 
land  County.  The  original  capital  of 
the  company  was  $25,000,  and  this  I 
would  think  should  be  ample  for  the 
purpose.  The  creamery  building  was 
purchased  trom  a  farmers’  company,  it 
not  having  proved  profitable  in  their 
hands.  The  buildings  have  been  re¬ 
modeled  and  they  are  now  convenient, 
substantial  and  sanitary.  The  scheme 
that  is  being  worked  out  is  practically 
one  devised  by  Dr.  Charles  E.  North, 
of  New  York  City.  Dr.  North  had  tried 
out  the  method  on  his  own  and  other 
farms  in  a  limited  way  and  had  found 
it  practicable.  Mr.  Stephen  Francisco 
associated  himself  in  the  present  enter¬ 
prise  and  became  president  of  the  com¬ 
pany.  Others  are  associated  with  him. 
It  will  be  remembered  that  Mr.  Fran- 


WPIERE  THE  MILK  IS  TAKEN  IN.  Fig.  299. 


WHERE  THE  MILK  IS  SHIPPED.  Fig.  300. 


OFFICE  OF  CHIEF  COOK  AND  BOTTLE  WASHER.  Fig.  301. 


cisco  was  the  first  to  commence  the  pro¬ 
duction  of  certified  milk,  and  has  con¬ 
tinuously  been  engaged  in  that  business 
for  a  number  of  years.  In  Dr.  North’s 
previous  experiments  he  operated  in  a 
new  sanitary  barn  at  first,  but  later  con¬ 
tinued  his  work  with  old  barns  of  the 
ordinary  sort.  He  found  it  possible  by 
using  protected  pails  and  by  having  all 
the  utensils  carefully  sterilized  to  pro¬ 
duce  milk  with  a  bacterial  count  not  to 
exceed  10,000,  and  in  most  instances 
not  as  high  as  5,000.  Reasonable  care, 
at  a  little  expense,  and  utensils  that  are 
carefully  washed  and  sterilized  are  at 
the  basis  of  the  new  methods  of  the 
demonstration  creamery. 

At  first  thought  the  idea  of  cheapen¬ 
ing  good  milk  by  paying  extra  for  it 
may  seem  incongruous,  but  it  is  the 
logical  way.  To  try  to  compel  a  free 
people  to  pay  out  their  money  to  im¬ 
prove  a  product  without  any  compensat¬ 
ing  features  is  illogical  and  must  fail. 
To  cooperate  and  stimulate  ambition 
is  reasonable  and  must  probably  suc¬ 
ceed.  If  I  have  got  at  the  bottom  of 
the  facts  regarding  this  demonstration 
creamery,  as  I  believe  I  have,  they  are 
certain  to  demonstrate  a  success,  so  far 
as  the  country  end  is  concerned.  I  am 
sure  that  they  have  already  demon¬ 
strated  how  extra  quality  may  be  ob¬ 
tained  by  the  creamery  at  only  a  very 
moderate  expense.  Suppose  we  tackle 
that  part  of  the  problem  first.  In  the 
first  place  there  are  no  spectacular  fea¬ 
tures.  White  suits  in  the  cow  stable 
are  not  asked  for,  and  few  particular 
features  are  especially  pressed,  other 
than  the  quality  of  the  milk.  To  get  the 
milk  right,  a  protected  pail  is  furnished 
by  the  company  for  milking,  and  the 
use  of  a  moist  cloth  to  remove  dust 
from  the  udder  and  flanks  of  the  cow  is 
urged.  Not  much  else  is  required  ex¬ 
cept  that  a  man  who  is  not  clean  in  his 
person  and  his  habits  can  hardly  fill  the 
bill  for  milk  of  the  test  which  I  shall 
presently  describe. 

The  test  of  the  milk  for  the  most 
part  is  its  bacterial  count.  Where  milk 
has  not  been  “fooled”  with  this  bac¬ 
terial  count  seems  to  me  to  be  a  pretty 
safe  criterion  for  determining  its  purity 
and  grade.  There  may  be  cases  where 
the  kinds  of  bacteria,  or  perhaps  classes, 
should  enter  into  the  consideration,  but 
where  milk  comes  direct  from  an  honest 
and  interested  farmer  a  mere  count  may 
be  ample.  In  order  to  get  the  count  as 
it  should  be,  a  premium  of  10  cents  a 
can  or  one-fourth  cent  a  quart  is  paid 
to  every  patron  who  keeps  his  count 
below  ten  thousand  as  an  average  for 
the  month.  A  flat  price  is  fixed  for  the 
month,  which  in  this  case  is  determined 
by  an  average  of  five  creameries  in  the 
vicinity.  To  the  “flat”  price  is  added 
20  cents  a  can  for  cows  tuberculin 
tested,  10  cents  for  using  sanitary 
milk  pails  and  employing  sanitary 


798 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


August  5, 


methods,  and  10  cents  a  can  more  for  an  average  bac¬ 
terial  count  under  ten  thousand  per  cubic  centimeter 
of  milk.  In  addition  to  this  the  patron  averaging  the 
lowest  bacterial  count  for  the  month  gets  an  addi¬ 
tional  10  cents  a  can.  Besides  this  there  is  an  allow¬ 
ance  for  butter  fat  of  four  cents  a  point  for  all  milk 
above  3.5  per  cent.  To  illustrate  how  this  works  out 
we  will  suppose  that  a  farmer  is  selling  3.5  per  cent 
milk,  that  he  complies  with  all  the  requirements  of 
the  creamery,  and  that  his  is  the  lowest  bacterial 
count  among  the  patrons.  With  the  flat  price  for 
May  at  90  cents  a  can  we  have  the  following  state¬ 


ment  : 

Flat  price  per  can .  $.90 

For  tuberculin'  test,  per  can . 20 

For  sanitation,  per  can  . 10 

For  count  below  10,000.  per  can . 10 

For  lowest  count,  per  can . \ . 10 

Price  per  can . $1.40 


This  is  equivalent  to  $1.63  per  100  pounds.  On 
this  basis  every  patron  can  reach  $1.50  per  100  for 
May  milk,  and  as  I  looked  over  the  lists  I  am  satis¬ 
fied  that  all  but  one  will  do  it.  Excluding  the  one 
patron,  a  new  man,  who  hasn’t  yet  come  up  to  stand¬ 
ard,  the  bacterial  count  ranged  from  something  under 
one  thousand  up  to  something  over  nine  thousand.  I 
am  inclined  to  estimate  the  average  at  about  five 
thousand.  In  case  a  farmer  sells  four  per  cent  milk 
he  will  add  20  cents  a  can,  or  23  cents  a  hundred  to 
the  price  already  named.  The  experiment  has  already 
demonstrated  that  farmers  can  furnish  milk  of  the 
most  approved  standard  and  that  they  are  perfectly 
willing  to  do  so  the  minute  they  are  paid  for  it.  They 
do  not  ask  exorbitant  pay,  only  enough  to  overcome 
extra  expense,  labor  and  loss. 

One  of  the  farmers  took  me  on  his  milk  wagon 
and  carried  me  out  to  his  farm.  It  is  a  pretty  farm¬ 
ing  region.  The  land  is  somewhat  rolling,  the  soil 
inclined  to  be  gravelly  and  most  of  it  readily  worked. 
The  barn  and  stable  at  this  farm  may  be  a  little  bet¬ 
ter  than  the  average.  It  has  been  built  only  three  or 
four  years,  and  was  very  well  planned.  I  made  no 
measurements,  but  I  think  the  stable  is  eight  feet 
high.  The  barn  is  36x90  feet.  One  end  is  used  for 
horses  and  wagons,  leaving  60  feet  for  33  stanchions 
and  a  box  stall.  These  are  in  two  rows,  with  drive¬ 
way  between  for  hauling  out  manure  and  for  general 
convenience.  There  are  six  four-lighted  windows 
with  12x24  inch  glass,  and  one  other  window  of  the 
same  size  that  did  not  seem  to  furnish  much  light. 
The  owner  explained  that  there  is  less  light  than  he 
desires,  and  that  he  will  put  in  one  or  more  windows 
later.  The  stable  has  not  yet  been  whitewashed,  but 
will  be  in  time.  There  is  nothing  unusually  expensive 
about  it,  yet  it  is  almost  a  model.  An  inspector  scored 
it  at  92.  There  is  no  milk  house,  but  there  is  a  small 
room  at  the  partition  between  the  two  parts  with  a 
cement  watering  trough  where  the  milk  is  kept.  This 
is  hardly  in  accordance  with  some  of  the  modern 
regulations,  but  no  fault  is  found  here,  and  none 
should  be.  There  is  a  very  good  ventilating,  system 
in  the  stable,  and  the  droppings  in  the  gutters  are 
daily  removed  to  the  field.  Horse  manure  is  scattered 
in  the  gutters,  which  are  of  concrete,  as  is  the  drive¬ 
way.  At  present  the  cows  stand  on  plank,  because 
there  had  been  no  experience  with  concrete  when 
this  stable  was  constructed,  and  there  was  some  pre¬ 
judice  against  it.  When  the  planks  need  replacing,  it 
will  be  done  with  concrete.  There  is  little  in  this 
stable  that  is  beyond  the  reach  of  most  dairymen.  It 
is  owned  by  an  energetic  man,  who  is  right  in  the 
business  himself  from  morning  till  night.  Work 
moves  because  the  owner  of  the  place  is  moving  it. 
There  are  mo  non-essentials  employed,  and  there  are 
none  asked  for  by  the  creamery  people.  Results  are 
what  is  wanted.  At  the  time  of  my  visit  ice  had  not 
been  used,  but  I  feel  sure  that  it  has  been  by  this 
time.  It  is  allowable  to  deliver  milk  twice  a  day,  in 
which  case  no  ice  will  be  needed.  The  creamery  is 
arranged  to  care  for  milk  to  much  better  advantage 
than  a  farmer  can  do  it.  It  has  always  seemed  to  me 
that  two  deliveries  a  day  are  to  be  advised  in  case 
superior  milk  is  wanted.  I  cannot  help  feeling  that 
this  night’s  milk  ought  to  be  in  the  city  for  delivery 
the  next  morning.  There  are  places  where  this  is  im¬ 
possible,  but  it  is  not  the  practice.  h.  h.  lyon. 

(To  be  continued.) 


ROCKWEED  AS  A  FERTILIZER. 

I  am  prepared  to  furnish  rockweed,  a  marine  growth,  in 
nature  similar  to  kelp,  and  used  here  extensively  as  a  fer¬ 
tilizer  I  can  furnish  it  in  barrels  on  cars  here  at  35 
cents  per  barrel.  Taking  the  cost  of  barrels  and  heading 
at  10  cents  this  price  is  as  low  as  wc  could  figure.  Later 
we  can  furnish  the  same  decomposed  and  more  available. 
In  vour  judgment,  would  there  be  any  demand  for  either? 

Massachusetts.  Walter  b.  savary. 

From  the  best  information  we  can  obtain  it  is 
doubtful  if  such  a  plan  would  pay.  Farmers  along 
the  shore  know  something  of  the  value  of  this  rock¬ 
weed,  but  inland  farmers  who  have  not  tried  it  would 


be  slow  to  buy  it  at  35  cents  a  barrel.  Analysis  shows 
that  100  pounds  of  the  rockweed  will  contain  65  to  70 
ol  water.  In  100  pounds  there  will  be  about  six 
pounds  of  nitrogen,  18  of  potash  and  10  of  phosphoric 
acid.  If  we  allowed  values  for  this  plant  food  equal 
to  those  estimated  for  tankage,  blood,  or  chemicals, 
we  should  have  a  probable  manurial  value  of  about 
$5  per  ton.  The  rockweed  would  be  useful  not  only 
for  this  plant  food,  but  it  would  add  to  the  stock  of 
humus  in  the  soil,  and  as  it  decays  very  rapidly 
would  quickly  give  us  this  plant  food.  It  is  also 
superior  to  stable  manure  in  the  fact  that  it  contains 
no  weed  seed.  Rockweed  is  quite  low  in  phosphoric 
acid,  and  also  low  in  potash,  so  that  if  it  were  used 
these  substances  ought  to  be  added  to  it.  The  farm¬ 
ers  who  live  close  to  the  seashore  and  can  haul  sea¬ 
weed  or  rockweed  without  great  cost  could  by  using 

this  sea  waste  with  acid  phosphate  and  potash  have 
a  complete  fertilizer.  For  many  years  certain  men 
along  the  Atlantic  coast  have  made  a  business  of 
getting  rockweed  and  loading  it  in  bulk  upon  the  cars. 
It  is  carried  a  short  distance  in  this  way  and  meets 
with  a  fair  sale.  It  is  doubtful,  however,  if  there 
would  be  any  profit  in  shipping  it  far  inland.  Some¬ 
time  in  the  future  it  will  be  necessary  to  make  use 

of  the  plant  food  in  this  sea  waste.  We  must  re¬ 

member  that  every  year  vast  quantities  of  plant  food 
are  washed  out  of  the  soil  and  sent  through  brooks 
and  rivers  into  the  ocean.  In  fact  the  waters  of  the 
ocean  contain  every  known  substance  in  solution.  The 
plant  food  or  much  of  it  is  recovered  by  fishes  and  by 
marine  growth  like  seaweed  or  rockweed  and  this 
source  of  plant  food  must  in  time  be  utilized  in 
order  to  recover  the  immense  drain  constantly  going 
on  away  from  the  soil.  Some  forms  of  this  marine 


CULTIVATING  CORN  IN  NEBRASKA.  Fig. 302. 

growth  are  so  rich  in  potash  that  it  is  claimed  they 
could  be  burned  at  great  profit  and  the  ashes  used 
as  a  source  of  potash  for  our  crops. 

HAIRY  VETCH  AS  HORSE  HAY. 

I  would  be  glad  to  know  sonic  one  who  has  bad  experi¬ 
ence,  whether  vetch  makes  good  horse  hay.  I  am  told 
that  horses  will  not  eat  it.  The  question  of  hay  for  the 
year  of  1912  seems  to  me  to  be  an  important  one.  We 
cannot  plow  to  put  in  peas  and  Soy  beans,  for  the  ground 
is  so  very  hard  and  dry  that  plowing  is  out  of  the  ques¬ 
tion,  and  I  fear  to  sow  the  peas  in  the  corn  because  that 
crop  will  need  every  drop  of  moisture,  and  can  hardly 
mature ;  anyway,  the  time  for  planting  peas  is  about  past,, 
but  vetch  can  be  sown  later.  It  would  be  a  waste  of  time 
and  seed  to  sow  Crimson  clover,  unless  it  rains  sufficient 
to  wet  the  ground  deep.  Here  in  this  tobacco  country 
hay  is  always  high.  This  is  my  first  year  here,  and  there 
was  no  meadow,  and  I  must  make  some  feed.  I  have  14 
acres  of  corn  which  has  been  suffering  for  rain  for  three 
weeks,  and  1  wonder  it  is  not  all  dead.  We  have  had  no 
rain  to  wet  the  ground  more  than  one  inch  deep  since  the 
first  week  in  May.  I  have  a  few  peas  in,  about  three 
acres,  and  shall  sow  millet  if  I  can  plow  before  it  is 
too  late.  I  have  found  that  tobacco  dust  helps  to  keep 
seed  free  from  weevils.  The  best  crop  of  Crimson  clover 
grown  near  here  wras  sown  last  July,  in  millet,  following 
wheat.  I  should  guess  the  crop  at  three  tons  to  the  acre. 
In  corn  it  does  not  succeed  so  well.  The  corn  takes  the 
moisture  to  ripen  the  crop,  leaving  very  little  for  the 
clover.  No  vetch  has  been  grown  near  here,  but  I  want  to 
build  up  my  land.  h.  b. 

Virginia. 

Vetch  hay  is  as  desirable  for  horse  feed  as  clover 
hay;  in  fact  in  those  cases  where  I  am  familiar  with 
the  use  of  vetch  hay  for  horses,  it  has  given  almost 
as  good  results  as  the  use  of  Alfalfa  hay.  Horses,  or 
in  fact  any  animals,  must  become  accustomed  to  vetch 
hay,  if  not  already  used  to  it.  M&ny  of  my  friends 
found  in  their  first  trials  of  vetch  hay,  or  when  pas¬ 
tured,  that  the  live  stock  would  not  touch  it.  Later  the 
horses,  cows,  poultry,  in  fact  all  stock,  ate  both  the 
green  vetch  and  vetch  hay  in  preference  to  anything 
else.  One  of  my  friends,  a  dairyman  in  Connecticut, 
found  that  after  the  cows  became  accustomed  to  the 
vetch  hay,  and  ate  it,  they  produced  more  milk  than 
when  any  other  hay  ration  was  used.  This  milk  test 
I  have  seen  repeated  in  several  other  cases,  with 
equally  good  results. 

I  rather  think  that  for  horses,  the  vetch  hay  when 
mixed  with  oat  or  other  grass  hays,  will  give  better 
results  than  when  fed  alone.  I  have  seen  vetch 
grown  with  oat  crops,  which  made  a  specially  fine  hay. 
The  crop  was  cut  when  the  oat  seeds  were  in  the 
milk.  When  vetch  is  grown  with  rye,  a  good  hay  can 
be  made  in  the  same  manner.  Barley  and  vetch  makes 


a  splendid  hay,  in  those  sections  where  Winter  bar¬ 
leys  succeed.  In  the  caSe  of  vetch,  or  any  new  crop 
which  animals  have  never  tasted,  a  little  patience  will 
be  necessary,  until  the  animals  become  accustomed 
to  the  food.  For  instance,  chickens  will  not  eat  the 
vetch  plants  at  first,  as  a  rule,  but  after  a  little  experi¬ 
ence  the  chickens  will  keep  the  vetch  plants  eaten  off 
so  closely  near  their  pens,  that  it  has  been  found  im¬ 
practicable  to  raise  vetch  near  chicken  yards.  I  have 
no  fear  of  recommending  a  trial  of  vetch  hay  for 
horses,  anywhere,  and  especially  as  a  cow  food  or  for 
poultry  or  other  live  stock.  A.  D.  shamel. 

AN  “OLD-FASHIONED”  CORNCRIB. 

I  wish  to  build  a  corn  crib  with  bins  for  oats  and 
wheat,  etc.  Can  you  tell  me  where  I  can  get  plans  for 
such  a  building?  I  want  the  old-fashioned  kind  with 
sloping,  slatted  sides  on  posts  with  inverted  pans  to  keep 
out  rats.  a.  d.  J. 

Sandy  Ilook,  Conn. 

Very  few  corncribs  with  sloping  or  flaring  sides 
were  ever  built  in  this  section  and  none  is  to  be  seen 
to-day.  The  only  advantage  in  such  construction  is 
that  it  permits  the  side  of  the  wagon  box  to  come 
close  to  the  sides  of  the  crib,  and  a  somewhat  better 
protection  from  rains.  Such  cribs  have  the  disad¬ 
vantage  of  less  capacity  for  a  given  roof  surface  than 
a  crib  with  perpendicular  sides.  The  crib  may  be 
built  on  posts  three  feet  above  the  ground,  and  be  of 
such  size  to  accommodate  the  crops  of  the  owner. 
The  posts  should  be  of  such  size  and  numbers  to 
make  the  crib  secure,  and  they  may  be  made  of 
glazed  sewer  tiles,  locust  posts  covered  with  galvan¬ 
ized  iron,  or  of  concrete.  On  top  of  the  posts  and  un¬ 
der  the  sills  are  to  be  placed  the  pans  to  serve  as  rat 
guards.  Along  the  sides  and  ends  are  to  be  placed 
posts  to  support  the  plates  and  the  stringers  to  which 
the  upright  slats  are  to  be  nailed.  It  is  well  to  make 
all  joints  tight,  and  to  have  all  doors  fit  snugly  to 
make  sure  that  rats  and  mice  do  not  get  into  the 
grain. 

For  use  as  a  granary  and  crib  such  a  building 
should  have  doors  at  both  ends  and  be  provided  with 
grain-tight  bins.  Steps  to  this  crib  should  be  made 
movable  or  hinged  so  as  to  swing  up  from  the  ground. 
The  plans,  Fig.  305,  will  give  an  idea  of  the  con¬ 
struction  and  appearance  of  the  crib.  Of  course  the 
dimensions  may  be  changed  to  suit  the  needs  of  the 
builder.  Any  carpenter  can  get  out  a  bill  for  the  lum¬ 
ber  needed  and  make  an  estimate  of  the  cost,  which 
will  vary  with  the  locality.  When  building  a  crib  it 
will  pay  well  to  look  carefully  after  details  to  insure 
the  building  when  finished  will  really  be  rat-proof. 

Ohio.  W.  E.  DUCKWALL. 


THE  USE  OF  RAW  SWAMP  MUCK. 

On  page  756  you  refer  to  the  large  corn  crop  grown 
by  Jerry  Moore  of  South  Carolina. 

But  how  did  this  boy  obtain  his  enormous  yield  ? 
Simply  by  going  into  the  swamps  near  his  farm  and  tak¬ 
ing  200  wagon  loads  of  the  rich  swamp  dirt,  which  he 
scattered  over  his  field  the  first  Winter.  This  he  did 
that  Winter  merely  as  a  means  of  fertilizing  his  land. 
The  second  Winter  he  made  up  his  mind  to  go  after  the 
corn  raising  record,  for  which  a  good  prize  had  been 
offered,  so  he  took  300  wagon  loads  of  swamp  dirt  the 
second  Winter  and  put  it  on  his  field. 

I  have  found  some  North  Carolina  muck  to  ana¬ 
lyze  over  three  per  cent  nitrogen,  on  dry  basis.  Let  us 
assume  that  this  muck  contained  90  per  cent  water  and 
that  the  10  per  cent  dry  matter  contained  two  per 
cent  ammonia.  The  boy  hauled  500  loads,  averaging 
probably  1,000  pounds  each,  making  a  total  of  500,000 
pounds.  If  the  muck  was  wet  it  contained  450,000 
pounds  of  water  and  50,000  of  dry  matter.  These 
50,000  pounds  of  dry,  matter  contained,  perhaps,  1,000 
pounds  of  nitrogen,  worth  $150  at  15  cents  per  pound. 
Hence  the  muck  was  worth  for  its  nitrogen  about  33 
cents  per  load.  It  is  true  that  this  nitrogen  is  but 
slowly  available,  but  in  addition  the  land  received  a 
very  large  amount  of  vegetable  matter,  enough  in 
fact,  to  change  either  bare  sand  or  stiff  clay  into  a 
good,  productive  soil.  If  such  a  soil  be  given  now 
from  time  to  time  a  few  hundred  pounds  of  ground 
raw  phosphate  rock  and  a  few  tons  of  ground  lime¬ 
stone  per  acre  it  should  be  very  productive  for  a  gen¬ 
eration  or  more. 

The  corn  this  boy  raised  on  this  acre  was,  in  that 
locality,  worth  probably  close  to  $200,  and  the  first 
crop  paid  for  the  cost  of  hauling  the  muck.  I  have 
seen  pecan  trees  in  Georgia  and  orange  trees  in  Flor¬ 
ida  which  at  the  time  of  planting  had  each  received  a 
generous  wheelbarrow  full  of  such  muck,  and  these 
trees  far  excelled  all  other  that  had  been  more  liberally 
fertilized  otherwise.  Both  in  theory  and  practice  the 
use  of  muck  rich  in  nitrogen  is  advisable  in  the  South 
where  small  fields  are  to  be  intensively  farmed  for  the 
highest  production,  and  where  the  muck  is  readily 
available  close  to  the  field.  f.  i-i.  nagel. 

Grant  County,  Wash. 

R.  N.-Y. — We  are  not  familiar  wiith  farming  in  the 
South,  but  in  New  Jersey  and  New  York  we  would 
not  advise  the  use  of  this  raw  muck.  It  would  be  far 
better  practice  to  pile  and  compost  it  six  months  before 
spreading. 


1911. 

“THE  LAND  OF  HEART’S  DELIGHT.” 

A  Sucker  in  Southwest  Texas. 

Part  II. 

STARTING  A  CROP.— About  the  middle  of  Jan¬ 
uary  I  planted  a  large  bed  of  tomatoes  and  began 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 

end  of  the  Summer,  and  got  a  600-pound  bale  of  cot¬ 
ton,  held  it  till  about  the  first  of  February,  and  sold  it 
for  $48,  and  had  about  $6  worth  of  cotton  seed.  The 
other  five  acres  I  planted  in  sorghum,  millet  and  Kaffir 


799 

water  between  each  row  or  between  each  pair  of 
double  rows  if  they  are  double  rowed.  As  soon  as 
the  ground  is  dry  enough,  they  are  cultivated  either 
hy  hand  plows  or  with  a  very  small  horse  plow  and  a 
corn.  This  did  not  make  a  ton  of  feed  altogether.  I  small  Mexican  mule  or  burro.  Frequently  the  thrips, 

setting  them  out  about  March  15.  I  had  been  told  ’rt-  1  ^  °T  °ni°n  l0USe’  begins  t0  infest  the  Plants’  and  that 

that  there  was  big  money  in  raising  tomatoes  here.  ^  ,,  f  1C  pr3  1  s'  1  °n  s(ie  'vas  se  m=>  calls  for  spraying,  so  a  small  onion  field  will  keep  several 

I  hired  Mexicans  to  transplant  and  hoe.  I  bought  la  ?  T°!"  .  pe.f ,  ?  .and  Y'0  n  r  ab°Ut  hands  b«sy  «ntil  gathering  time,  which  usually  bc- 

stakes  and  had  them  staked  and  tied  up.  I  hauled  Y  ^  u  1C  '  J,  .  PrinS  an  so  c  oi  a  pro  it  o  gjns  about  the  first  Q£  April  ancj  jasts  tjjj  about  the 

water  for  them  till  the  well  was  finished  and  the  Mexi-  3  Y  Y  ‘  .  W.aS  1  ^  “St  v<-ntl’re  111  axmt  tenth  of  May.  We  usually  run  a  horizontal  cutter  or 

a  year  and  a  half  that  had  not  lost  me  both  labor  and  a  ,wppn  ..  „  .  .tt  .  .  .  . , 

T  ,  .  ,  .  .  ,  ,  r  a  sweep  under  the  roots  with  a  horse  plow,  and  they 

money.  I  tried  raising  eggplant  the  first  Fall  of  my  are  then  pulled  by  hand  and  placed  in  ^  windrows 

farming  experience.  I  raised  some  nice  eggplants  and  to  dry  and  should  be  left  for  several  da  The  Mexi. 

sent  them  to  various  commission  firms.  „„„  f  A  „ 

can  families  clip  the  roots  and  tops  off  with  small 

shears,  like  sheep  shears,  and  rub  off  the  outside 

skins  and  place  them  in  crates  that  hold  about  50 

pounds.  Five  cents  per  crate  is  the  usual  price  for 

gathering,  cleaning  and  crating.  These  crates  cost  17 

cents  apiece.  By  the  time  the  onions  are 

in  the  car  each  acre  has  cost  about  $100. 

Of  course  the  actual  cost  is  varied  by 

the  different  sized  yield  and  method  of 

handling.  a.  victim. 


cans  and  I  watered,  pinched  buds  and  caught  worms 
according  to  the  latest  improved  scientific  instruc¬ 
tions.  We  planted  about  an  acre  in  two  varieties,  and 
ultimately  found  out  that  one  of  them  would  not  bear 
in  this  country  for  any  kind  of  price,  and  the  other 
bore  some  inferior  tomatoes  that  were  not  worth 
any  kind  of  a  price.  I  counted  this  failure  No.  2, 
That  relieved  me  of  about  $45  of  my  ready  cash. 
Watermelons  are  another  crop  easily 
raised  and  came  on  the  market  so  early, 
that  they  made  lots  of  easy  money.  I 
rented  four  acres  of  nice  new  sandy 
land  that  had  been  Fall  plowed  and 
planted  it  with  watermelons  in  Febru¬ 
ary.  Most  of  them  came  up  and  made 
a  fair  growth,  during  the  dry  weather. 

As  the  melon  rows  were  12  feet  apart 
I  planted  several  rows  of  beans  later 
between  the  rows.  The  melons  bore 
well  and  about  the  time  the  first  began 
to  ripen  I  found  occasionally  a  vine 
with  its  leaves  cupped  downward,  and 
on  examination  found  the  underside  of 
such  leaves  lined  with  the  melon  aphis, 
commonly  called  honey-dew,  because 
they  cause  the  leaves,  vines  and  fruit  to 
become  covered  with  a  sticky  substance 
about  the  color  and  consistency  of 
honey.  This  insect  spread  over  the  en¬ 
tire  field  within  a  couple  of  weeks,  de¬ 
stroying  the  vines  gradually  as  it  pro¬ 
gressed.  I  shipped  125  melons  that 
would  weigh  from  20  to  25  pounds  each, 
and  at  another  time  about  49,  all  shipped 
during  May,  and  when  the  returns  came 
I  received  for  the  first  lot  five  cents 
apiece  and  for  the  others  three  cents 
apiece.  These  were  shipped  with  a  car¬ 
load,  so  it  was  not  the  express  com¬ 
pany  that  got  all  the  consumer’s  dollar. 

One-fourth  of  the  proceeds  went  to  the 
land  owner  and  all  the  rest  was  mine. 

I  then  learned  something  that  the  real 
estate  men  had  evidently  forgot  to  tell 
me,  that  this  honey-dew  is  very  common 
in  this  country,  and  often  destroys  whole 
fields  of  melons,  cantaloupes  and  cu¬ 
cumbers,  and  if  there  are  any  left  the 
railway  companies,  the  express  compan¬ 
ies  and  the  commission  men  usually 
keep  the  producer  from  becoming  cor¬ 
rupted  with  too  much  of  the  root  of  all 
evil. 

MORE  ABOUT  BEANS.— The  bean 
crop  on  this  tract  did  somewhat  better. 

I  had  the  Mexicans  harvest  and  thrash 
about  600  pounds,  turned  over  one- 
fourth  to  the  landlord,  who  sold  them 
for  3 ]/i  cents  per  pound.  I  had  paid 
the  local  merchants  five  cents  per  pound 
for  the  seed  to  plant,  but  at  this  season 
of  the  year  these  merchants  would  not 
buy  many,  because  the  weevil  was  bad. 

I  did  not  have  to  sell  my  beans  at  such 
price,  so  I  got  some  heavy  paper  sacks 
and  put  about  40  pounds  of  beans  in 
each  sack ;  then  I  put  about  two 
ounces  of  bisulphide  of  carbon  in  a 
small  bottle,  left  it  uncorked  in  the  top  of  each  sack 
and  tied  the  sack  up  tight,  so  Mr.  Weevil  could  not 
get  his  breath  from  the  outside  if  he  was  inside  the 
sack,  and  could  not  get  into  the  sack  if  he  was  outside. 
About  two  months  after  putting  those  beans  away  so 
carefully,  I  examined  them  and  found  some  live 
weevils  in  some  of  the  sacks.  I  again  put  more  “High 
Life,”  as  it  is  called,  in  the  sacks  as  before,  but  ulti¬ 
mately  the  weevil  got  those  beans,  except  about  two 
or  three  sacks.  Then  I  tallied  up  a  compound  failure. 

COTTON  PLANTING. — I  had  rented  10  acres  of 
newly  cleared  land  to  plant  in  cotton  and  feed  crops. 

I  took  great  pains  to  plow  it  extra  deep  and  to  pul¬ 
verize  it  well,  planted  five  acres  in  cotton,  of  the  most 
expensive  seed  I  could  get.  It  failed  to  come  up  to  a 
good  stand,  and  I  planted  part  of  it  the  second  time, 
and  it  came  up  well,  but  the  web-worms  destroyed  it. 

I  cultivated  and  hoed  that  five  acres  of  cotton  till  the 


ONION  CULTURE. — After  the  second  failure  of 
the  beans  as  before  stated,  on  my  home  place,  I  kept 
the  ground  thoroughly  harrowed  and  in  fine  condition 
to  plant  onions.  Bermuda  onion  raising  in  the  Winter 


FOUR  GENERATIONS  OF  A  FAMILY  COW. 

(See  page  808.) 


Fig.  303. 


CONNECTICUT  ALFALFA  “TENTING  ON 

GROUND. ’’  Fig.  304. 


THE  OLD  CAMP 


THE  STUDENT  LABOR  PROBLEM 

I  have  been  greatly  interested  in  the 
various  articles  on  student  labor,  that 
have  appeared  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  from 
time  to  time,  and  especially  in  those 
later  ones  from  the  pen  of  Prof.  L.  H. 
Bailey.  As  a  short-course  student  of 
the  class  of  1906-7,  I  have  the  honor  of 
that  much  acquaintance  with  that  genial 
gentleman.  It  has  seemed  to  me  that 
the  bitterest  complaints  were  on  the 
lack  of  executive  ability  on  the  part  of 
the  student,  when  employed  as  a  fore¬ 
man  or  superintendent,  to  direct  work 
and  control  the  men  under  him.  Good 
brother  farmers,  have  you  ever  stopped 
to  think  what  a  small  percentage  of 
men  in  any  business  calling,  possess  real 
executive  capacity?  Is  it  fair  to  the 
agricultural  college  to  think  that  execu¬ 
tive  ability  can  be  taught  a  student  the 
same  as  any  other  subject?  And  again, 
how  many,  even  of  the  very  well-to-do 
farmers,  are  willing  to  pay  the  wages 
to  which  real  executive  ability  is  justly 
entitled?  The  writer  was,  some  years 
ago,  in  correspondence  with  the  man¬ 
ager  of  a  rich  man’s  estate  near  New 
York  City.  He  was  expected  to  take 
charge  of  a  small  herd  of  Jersey  cat¬ 
tle,  make  butter  or  cheese  as  directed, 
and  must  further,  as  per  the  correspon¬ 
dence,  be  an  expert  veterinarian,  an  ex¬ 
pert  engineer,  (steam  or  gasoline)  and 
an  expert  in  several  other  branches,  and 
wages  offered  were  $40  per  month.  I 
did  not  take  that  job.  The  agricultural 
college  is  not  at  fault,  and  it  is  the  mis¬ 
fortune  of  students  that  they  do  not 
all  possess  inherently,  the  highest  order 
of  executive  capacity.  h.  c.  collins. 


-  a 


PLAN  FOR  A  CORNCRIB.  Fig.  305. 

season  here  was  then  considered  a  very  profitable  in¬ 
dustry.  Now  Bermuda  onion  raising  with  Mexican 
labor  is  no  soft  snap.  First  we  plant  about  three 
pounds  of  seed,  for  each  acre,  to  be  transplanted  in  a 
bed  to  raise  plants.  The  planting  is  usually  done  from 
September  15  to  October  10;  when  the  young  onions 
are  about  the  size  of  a  lead  pencil,  or  a  slate  pencil, 
they  are  pulled  up  and  transplanted  in  rows  four  inches 
between  the  sets,  in  the  row,  and  the  rows  are  usually 
about  12  to  14  inches  apart.  The  transplanting  is  done 
by  Mexican  families,  it  being  a  class  of  work  that  the 
men,  women  and  most  of  the  children  can  work  at. 
Transplanting  is  done  usually  from  November  15  to 
January  1.  It  is  seldom  cold  enough  to  hinder  work 
here,  even  for  women  and  children.  We  pay  about 
three  cents  per  row  100  yards  long,  and  it  usually 
costs  about  $12  per  acre.  As  soon  as  possible  after 
transplanting  they  should  be  irrigated,  by  running 


ALFALFA  IN  CONNECTICUT. 

At  Fig.  304  is  a  picture  of  10  acres  of 
Alfalfa  which  I  seeded  about  the  first 
of  September  of  last  year.  The  yield  is 
about  2 Yz  tons  to  the  acre,  not  much 
more  or  less  than  that.  A  field  on  an¬ 
other  part  of  the  farm  that  was  seeded 
about  the  same  time,  in  order  to  get  at 
the  exact  weight  of  the  Alfalfa  on  this 
plot,  was  measured  by  the  Experiment 
Station  and  they  made  94-100  of  an  acre 
and  the  yield  was  5,210  pounds.  This  is  at  the  rate  of 
2.7  tons  per  acre.  This  was  the  first  cutting. 

I  have  heard  that  it  would  be  impossible  to  cure 
Alfalfa  hay  in  our  moist  New  England  climate.  On 
Saturday,  June  10,  I  cut  four  acres  of  Alfalfa  that 
stood  about  33  inches  high,  with  a  thick,  dense  foliage. 
It  was  cocked  up  late  in  the  afternoon  on  the  10th, 
and  covered  with  cloth  caps.  It  commenced  to  rain 
immediately  after  the  caps  were  placed,  and  did  little 
else  but  rain  until  Thursday,  the  15th.  Thursday,  the 
15th,  was  a  cloudy,  lowery  day,  but  very  little  rain 
fell.  On  the  morning  of  the  16th  I  opened  these  cocks 
and  aired  them  an  hour  or  two  in  the  more  or  less 
obscured  sunlight,  and  drew  in  the  hay  during  the 
afternoon— as  nice  a  lot  of  well-cured  Alfalfa  as  I 
ever  put  into  my  barn.  chas.  m.  jarvis. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  picture  looks  like  an  army  on  the 
“tented  field.”  We  wish  all  the  battlefields  could  be 
seeded  to  Alfalfa.  There  has  been  some  discussion 
as  to  whether  it  will  pay  the  New  England  farmer  to 
“fool  with  Alfaifa.”  Mr.  Jarvis  proves  that  such  fool¬ 
ing  is  wisdom. 


800 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


August  5, 


CROP  NOTES. 

The  crop  of  Aliueria  grapes  is  estimated 
at  2,000,000  barrels. 

The  yield  of  honey  in  Missouri  in  1910 
was  7,649,915  pounds. 

At  Hatton.  Wash.,  wheat  is  yielding  25 
to  30  bushels  per  acre. 

The  Georgia  peach  crop  will  total  less 
than  800  cars,  about  one-fifth  of  last  year’s 
yield. 

Prunes  in  the  Santa  Clara  Valley,  Cali¬ 
fornia,  are  expected  to  yield  about  90,000,- 
000  pounds. 

Hat  in  Nez  Perce  county,  Idaho,  is  a 
heavy  yield  this  year.  The  current  market 
price  for  Timothy  is  $11. 

The  first  bale  of  1911  Georgia  cotton  was 
sold  at  McRae,  Ga.,  July  25,  at  25  cents 
per  pound.  T.  J.  Smith  was  the  seller  and 
T.  W.  Booth,  buyer. 

The  National  Onion  Assoiciation  reports 
that  Ohio  has  4,500  acres  in  the  crop  this 
year,  and  Indiana,  4,100.  The  yield  in  both 
States  will  be  about  25  per  cent  under  last 
year. 

Des  Moines,  Iowa,  has  recently  improved 
its  market  facilities,  so  that  farmers  are 
able  to  sell  direct  to  the  consumers.  Prices 
reported  from  the  first  day’s  business  were 
said  to  be  about  half  ordinary  store  prices. 

At  Winnipeg  and  in  the  Canadian  North¬ 
west  the  weather  has  been  unseasonably 
cold,  seriously  hindering  the  growth  of 
wheat.  In  some  sections  moisture  is  exces¬ 
sive,  so  that  there  is  more  straw  than 
grain. 

The  storm  of  July  25  did  great  damage 
to  apple  and  pear  crops  in  Orleans  and 
Niagara  counties,  N.  Y.  The  loss  is  esti¬ 
mated  at  35  per  cent  or  a  total  of  at  least 
$500,000.  In  some  sections  standing  corn 
was  ruined  by  the  wind. 

July  27,  Gov.  Dix  signed  Senator 
O’Brien’s  bill  establishing  a  commission  to 
investigate  purity,  prices,  production,  dis¬ 
tribution  and  consumption  of  food  stuffs 
and  farm  and  dairy  products,  and  Assem¬ 
blyman  Cosad’s  bill  to  create  a  board  of  12 
to  look  into  the  work  in  agricultural  edu¬ 
cation  throughout  N.  Y.  State. 

Farmers  raising  fruit  and  Alfalfa  organ¬ 
ized  a  union  at  Richland,  Wash.,  July  9. 
The  officers  are:  O.  R.  Allen,  president;  C. 
1).  Mitchell,  vice-president;  B.  F.  Knapp, 
secretary.  The  five  directors  are:  A.  E. 
Granlund,  Fred  Johnson,'  It.  McGhan,  W. 
K.  Rowland  and  T.  Lozier.  The  corporation 
will  handle  farm  and  orchard  produce.  The 
capital  is  $2,500  in  shares  of  $10  each. 

The  International  Institute  of  Agricul¬ 
ture  gives  the  following  monthly  crop  esti¬ 
mate.  in  hundred  weights :  Wheat,  Spain. 
42.630.000:  Hungary,  47.323.000:  Ttalv,  53,- 
500.000;  Roumania,  33,124.000;  British  In¬ 
dia,  100.596.000.  Corn  in  Spain,  6,901,000; 
rice,  2.074.000.  Condition  of  wheat  in  Ger¬ 
many  and  Austria  is  between  good  and  av¬ 
erage.  Corn  outlook  in  Italy  and  Roumania, 
and  rice  prospect  in  Italy,  good. 

A  mercantile  house  asked  a  large  num¬ 
ber  of  its  traveling  salesmen  scattered 
throughout  the  country  to  report  on  crops 
as  they  saw  them.  The  following  is  a  sum¬ 
mary  of  the  result :  Winter  wheat  damaged 
hv  fly  in  Pennsylvania,  Southern  Ohio.  In¬ 
diana  and  Illinois,  cut  by  drought  in  Okla¬ 
homa  and  Texas;  Spring  wheat  damaged  in 
the  Dakotas  and  Southern  Minnesota.  Corn 
acreage  10  per  cent,  higher  in  the  South  ; 
hurt  by  drought  in  Kansas  and  bordering 
States.'  Outlook  more  promising  east  of  the 
Mississippi.  Oats  badly  hurt  by  heat  in 
the  largest  producing  sections.  Hay  crop 
generally  poor ;  likewise  tobacco,  except  in 
Wisconsin.  Apples  hurt  by  frost  and 
drought  in  Oregon,  Washington  and  Mis¬ 
souri,  hut  crop  as  a  whole  promises  to  be 
better  than  last  year. 

We  are  suffering  from  a  fearful  drought 
here.  With  the  exception  of  one  rainstorm, 
practically  no  rain  in  over  two  months. 
Crops  are  about  all  lost,  and  prospects  dark 
for  growers.  e.  j.  w. 

Rhode  Island. 

Apples  as  a  rule  are  a  light  crop  and  di’op- 
ping  badly.  Cranberries  are  all  right  with 
prospects  of  large  crop  in  this  section  at 
present  time,  but  as  the  crop  is  young  yet 
we  cannot  count  for  sure  until  later  or  in 
fact  until  gathered  in  and  stored. 

Ilopkinton.  Mass.  A.  E.  p. 

On  July  21  a  heavy  rain  and  hail  storm 
passed  over  this  section  and  did  much  dam¬ 
age  to  all  growing  crops,  killing  many  small 
chickens.  It  also  destroyed  about  1,000 
lights  of  glass  and  some  damage  to  Rtoek. 
loss  about  $250  to  me.  Hail  the  size  of 
stove  coal.  h.  k.  l. 

Dorothy,  N.  J. 

We  are  having  fine  Summer  weather,  with 
nice  showers.  Wheat  all  harvested ;  hay 
all  made.  Quite  a  lot  of  oats  cut.  Oats 
will  be  a  light  crop.  Will  have  a  good  crop 
of  apples,  peaches,  plums  and  grapes. 
Wheat,  83  cents ;  corn,  60  cents ;  oats,  45 
cents;  potatoes,  new,  $1.50;  butter,  16 
cents ;  eggs.  16  cents.  d.  d.  s. 

Snyder  Co.,  Pa. 

All  of  the  fruit  and  truck  raised  around 
here  is  sold  in  the  local  market.  I  sell  my 
strawberries  for  12%  cents  and  they  retail 
for  15  cents.  Honey  in  comb,  17  cents,  sells 
for  20  cents;  extracted.  12  cents,  retails  for 
15  cents.  Potatoes,  $2.50  bushel,  retail,  $3. 
The  milk  dealei'S  pay  three  cents  a  quart 
and  retail  for  six  to  seven  cents.  Cabbage, 
36  cents  a  dozen,  retail  for  five  cents  each. 
Other  truck  about  the  same.  Eggs  bring  12 
cents  in  trade;  retail  for  14  cents.  Yours 
for  parcels  post.  h.  r.  b. 

Cedar  Falls,  Iowa. 

On  account  of  the  drought  we  lost  our 
oat,  potato  and  corn  crops.  No  rain,  with 
the  exception  of  three  or  four  very  light 
showers,  fell  in  this  immediate  vicinity 
from  April  10  until  July  13,  when  we  had 
about  one  inch  of  rainfall.  We  also  had 
one  inch  of  water  on  the  16th,  which  put 
the  ground  in  fairly  good  condition.  We 
have  been  busy  this  week  drilling  in  cow 
peas  and  Kaffir  corn,  and  if  we  have  rain 
enough  from  now  on  will  raise  enough  feed 
to  keep  stock  through  the  Winter.  There 
are  no  peaches,  and  apples  will  make  from 
25  to  50  per  cent,  of  a  crop  on  orchards 
that  have  been  sprayed  and  cultivated,  but 
there  is  only  about  one  man  out  of  10  that 
will  spray  and  cultivate.  •  G,  w,  C. 

Fayetteville,  Ark. 


Drought  and  heat  still  threaten  all  vege¬ 
tation.  Even  tree  fruits  are  suffering.  Lo¬ 
cal  showers  give  but  little  relief.  Feed  situ¬ 
ation  getting  serious.  Farmers  are  baling 
their  straw  for  feeding  purposes.  No  hay 
for  sale  at  any  price.  Potatoes  early  and 
late  in  poor  condition.  Corn  in  the  river 
lowlands  looks  well  but  on  uplands  it  is 
hurt.  Fruit  scarce,  and  high.  Our  cannery 
firms  planted  1,500  acres  sweet  corn  for 
their  use ;  from  appearance  now  the  yield 
will  be  very  light.  Pastures  are  bare  and 
stock  living  on  short  rations.  Unless  rains 
come  soon  plowing  for  wheat  will  be  hin¬ 
dered.  Farmers  must  study  plans  to  head 
off  droughts  as  they  are  becoming  almost  a 
yearly  occurrence.  Too  dry  to  risk  second 
crops  for  feed  purposes  unless  it  would 
be  rye  or  vetch  for  pastures.  J.  H. 

Indiana. 

Canadian  Croi\s. — The  Dominion  Agricul¬ 
tural  Department  reports  that  the  apple 
yield  of  Nova  Scotia  will  be  very  heavy, 
and.  in  most  of  eastern  Canada,  fair.  In 
British  Columbia  the  outlook  is  for  85  per 
cent  of  last  year’s  yield,  which  was  very 
heavy.  Pears  are  light  in  all  sections  ex¬ 
cept  the  Montreal  district.  riums  and 
prunes  are  generally  light.  Peach  orchards 
being  well  cultivated  have  suffered  less  with 
drought,  and  the  crop,  except  of  the  Craw¬ 
ford  type,  promises  fair.  Insects  and  fun¬ 
gus  diseases  are  reported  less  than  usual. 


THE  DAIN  BELT  POWER  HAY  PRESS 
Means  Bigger  Profits  With  Less  Work 


Here  is  the  strongest  built,  biggest  capacity  hay  press  in  the  world. 
Biggest  capacity  means  greatest  earning  power.  It’s  the  extra 
tons  each  day  that  count  —  the  kind  of  profit  that  is  all  velvet. 


Earning  power  and  low  operating  expense 
make  the  Main  licit  Power  the  mont  profitable 
pre*»  to  operate. 

Don’t  be  satisfied  with  mere  claims  for  capacity — 
learn  the  reason  why.  One  reason  for  Dain  big  ca¬ 
pacity  la  one-third  more  apace  Into  which  hoy 
can  be  fed.  It’s  on  account  of  the  patented  con¬ 
denser  hopper  which  opens  up  to  receive  the  hay 
giving  12,000  cubic  Inches  more  space.  Then  it  auto¬ 
matically  condenses  all  the  hay  in  the  hopper, after 
which  the  self -feed  puts  It  into  the  pressing  chamber . 

Dain  Condenaer  Hoppar 

Is  the  greatest  improvement  ever  put  on  a 
hay  press  to  lessen  the  work  of  feeding  and  In¬ 
creasing  the  capacity. 

No  stronger,  more  durable  hay  press  ever  built — 
the  Dain  Is  as  staunch  and  strong  ns  though  mould¬ 
ed  into  one  piece  of  solid  metal.  Built  entirely  of 
steel,  it  has  not  a  single  part  that  will  shrink,  swell 
or  warp  out  of  shape. 

Twin  pitman  gears  and  direct  drive  pitman  sup¬ 
ply  tremendous  pressing  pressure.  Convenient 
block  dropper — saves  time  and  accidents. 


Friction  clutch  pulley  and  stop  brake  Insure  easy 
and  perfect  control. 

Lika  AH  Dain  Hay  Tool* 

It  Is  ns  nearly  perfect  us  it  Is  possible  to  build. 

Every  little  detail  that  years  of  experience  have 
shown  is  desirable  has  been  thoughtfully  supplied  In 
this  master  hay  press. 

Write  forourbiehay  press  catalog  |;ivin(rcompleteinforma- 
tion  about  the  Daiu  line  of  Belt  Power  and  Horse PowerProssee. 

DAIN  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY 

No.  802  Vine  Strest. 

IOWA. 


BOX  APPLES 


BRING  MOST  MONEY 


Apple  Boxes  K.  D.  $12.00 — 1 0O 

COLES  &  COMPANY 

109  &  111  WARREN  ST..  NEW  YORK 

Established  1884  Write  lor  Catalog 

Apple  Barrel  Cushions— Corrupated  Paper  Caps,  Etc. 


CLARKS  CIDER 

'  FARMERS’ 

FAVORITE  MILLS 

are  simple,  strong,  durable, 
and  easy  to  clean :  give  perfect 
satisfaction.  Produce  greatest 
results  with  the  least  effort 
from  same  amount  of  fruit 
than  any  others.  Send  today  for 
free  Booklet  with  prices,  etc. 
CUTAWAY  HARROW  CO. 
839  Main  St.,  Higganura,  Conn. 


APPLE  BARRELS-?/ R  LOTSOR 


•iKSS.  Also  Hoads 


or  Hoops.  ROBT.  GILLIES,  Medina,  N.  Y. 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE 


SEED  DOWN  WITH 
HUBBARD’S 

BONET 

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Grass  and  Grain  Fertilizer 


.  ,  .  MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY  .  .  , 

*Ihe  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 


one  of  the  famous 


Middletown,  Conn. 

Send  for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  “Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


B2SE  Hay  Makers 


The  33cst  Seed  Wlioats 

Come  from  Maplewood,  acknowledged  the  leading 
Seed  Wheat  Farm  of  America.  Not  the  cheapest, 
but  the  very  best,  and  most  value  for  money  asked. 
Write  to-day  for  price  list,  samples  and  reports  of 
customers  who  have  tried  our  wheats.  Also  Short¬ 
horn  Cattle.  P.  C.  Hogs  and  wool-mutton  Shrops. 
MAPLEWOOD  STOCK  AND  SEED  FARMS.  Allepan,  Michipan. 


OmY  14TIIT'  A  HP  Poole,  Gypsy,  Mediterranean, 
\  r  r  1 1  \\  H  r  A  |  Rudy,  Fultz  and  Mam.  Rye — All 

OA/L/X/  nui/ai  recleaned  and  graded.  Samples 
and  catalog  free.  W.  N.  SCARF,  New  Carlisle,  Ohio. 


Qnnrl  U/hoat  Read's  Vermont.  Newvari. 
O AJ  “V  IlCal  ety ,  sown  Sept.  20.  Aver- 
yield  56  bus.  to  acre.  Big  money  in  wheat.  Write 
for  circular.  G.  A.  Read,  Read's  Exp.  Farms,  Charlotte.Vt. 


FOR  SALE— Vetch,  Crimson  Clover  and  Rape 

at  Market.  '  SIEGEL  THE  SEEDSMAN.  Erie.  Pa. 


TIMOTHY  SEED 


and  alsike,  both  new  crop, 
and  without  a  single  weed. 
Also  alfalfa,  vetch  and  crimson  clover. 

O.  M.  Scott  &  Son,  100  Main  St.,  Marysville,  Ohio. 


APPI  F  TRFF^ — All  kinds  Trees  and  Plants. 

1  nttd  Prices  reasonable.  Salesmen 

Wanted.  Mitchell’s  Nursery,  Beverly,  Ohio 


GROW  ALFALFA 


We  furnish  you  good,  clean,  tested  seed,  raw 
ground  lime,  fertilizer  and  inoculated  soil. 


Address  J).  C.  KAUFFMAN, 

35  W.  Fhila.  Street,  YORK,  PA 

The  Alfalfa  Specialist. 


ALFALFA 

All  Northern  erown,  guaranteed  to  be  99  percent 
pure  and  free  from  dodder.  Write  for  free  sampl* 
on  which  we  invite  you  to  get  Government  tests. 
This  seed  should  produce  hay  at  $60  per  acrej  an¬ 
nually.  Free  Instructions  on  growing. 

GRAM  AND  GRASS  SEED 

Northern  grown  and  of  .strongest  vitality.  We 
handle  export  grade  only  and  can  furnish  grass 
mixture  suitable  for  any  soils.  Write  for  catalog. 

WING  SEED  CO.,  Box  223  Mochanlcsbura.  O. 


Profitable  Fall  Seeding  to 

Grass  or  Cereals 


MEANS  USING 


£•  Frank  Coe  Fertilizers 

1857— STANDARD  FOR  OVER  FIFTY  YEARS— 1911  und 

Peruvian  Brands 


The  New  York  Times  of  July  20,  1911,  prints  the 
following  dispatch : 

FEAR  CL0VERJ1AY  SHORTAGE 

Seed  Killed  by  Heat  in  the  North  and 
Central  West. 

WASHINGTON,  July  19.-A  shortage  of 
clover  hay  threatens  the  Central  Western  and 
Northern  States.  The  clover  and  grass  seed 
sown  in  the  Spring  in  wheat,  rye  and  other 
grain  fields  has  been  parched  and  killed  on 
thousands  of  farms. 

For  years  we  have  been  preaching  Fall  seeding. 
Grass  sown  in  the  Spring  with  oats  or  other  ‘‘nurse” 


GUANO  BASE 


crops  is ‘robbed  of  its  plant  food  by  the  more  rapidly 
growing  grain. 

The  young  plants  are  shaded  and  become  soft  and 
delicate. 

When  the  “nurse”  crop  is  cut  the  half-starved , 
feeble  grass  dies  under  the  fierce,  blistering  rays  ot  the 
early  Summer  sun. 

The  Rural  New-Yokker  of  July  29th  reports  No.  1 
Timothy  Hay  selling  at  wholesale  in  New  York  City  at 
$27.00  to  $28.00  per  ton,  and  No.  2  Timothy  at  $24.00  to 
$26.00  per  ton. 

The  American  Cultivator  quotes  No.  1  Timothy  at 
Boston  at  $26.00  to  $27.00  per  ton. 

Advices  from  some  sections  where  the  drought  has 
been  severe  report  Timothy  being  held  at  $30.00  per  ton. 


You  Can  Raise  Four  Tons  of  Well-Cured  Timothy  per  Acre  at  a  Handsome  Profit 

IF  YOU  USE 

E.  FRANK  COE  FERTILIZERS 

Standard  for  Over  Fifty  Years 


AND 


PERUVIAN  BRANDS 

Genuine  Peruvian  Guano  Base 


Now  is  the  time  to  place  your  order  to  insure  arrival  by  seeding  time. 

You  ought  to  have  one  of  our  Annual  Memorandum  Books.  Sent  free  if  you  mention  The  Rural  New-Yorker. 

THE  COE-MORTIMER  COMPANY  51 


1911. 


the  RURAt  NEW-VOKKKR 


801 


LATE  SEEDING  ALFALFA  OR  VETCH. 

A.  It.,  Waukesha,  Wis. — I  have  six  acres 
of  Alfalfa  badly  choked  out  with  June 
grass  so  must  seed  a* new  piece  this  year, 
as  we  depend  upon  this  crop  in  our  soiling 
system.  If  corn  were  cut  in  September, 
ground  plowed  at  once  and  seeded  to  Al¬ 
falfa  alone,  would  there  be  any  results?  If 
this  plan  cannot  be  used  on  Alfalfa  could 
the  same  plan  be  used  for  vetch  and  rye, 
to  be  cut  in  the  Spring  for  hay  or  silo, 
and  followed  at  once  with  Alfalfa  and  nurse 
crop?  We  would  seed  between  corn  rows 
now  but  the  corn  ground  I  have  in  mind 
has  such  tall  corn  on  it  now  that  the  horse, 
in  cultivating,  would  destroy  a  good  portion 
of  the  field. 

Ans. — Our  judgment  is  that  Alfalfa 
seeded  so  late  in  your  latitude  will  fail. 
We  think  it  would  some  up,  grow 
through  the  Fall  and  be  killed  out  in 
Winter.  It  would  also  be  a  gamble  with 
the  vetch.  Late  August  should  be  your 
season  for  that  crop.  It  would  be  a  fair 
thing  to  try  the  vetch  and  rye,  but  the 
chances  are  against  a  stand  that  will 
satisfy  you.  Both  wheat  and  rye  can 
be  seeded  for  a  soiling  crop  next  Spring. 
Of  course  wheat  is  best. 


“GUINEA  PIGS  AS  LAWN  MOWERS”. 

Consul  Taylor  of  Nottingham,  England, 
mentions  an  experiment  in  using  guinea 
pigs  for  clipping  a  lawn.  “Around  the 
lawn  is  arranged  a  low  wire  barrier,  and 
into  the  inclosure  are  turned  a  number  of 
guinea  pigs ;  or  better,  a  passage  is  made 
from  their  hutch  to  the  lawn.  The  animals 
at  once  attack  all  the  worst  weeds — the 
plantains  first,  then  the  dandelions  and 
daisies.  These  broad-leaved  plants,  which 
ho  mowing  machine  will  touch,  are  killed 
by  the  persistent  cutting  of  the  guinea 
pigs’  teeth.  When  they  have  finished  the 
weeds,  which  are  broad-leaved  and  succu¬ 
lent,  they  proceed  to  the  grass.  In  a  short 
time  the  lawn  looks  as  if  it  had  been  cut 
by  the  closest  machine.  The  persistent  cut¬ 
ting  of  the  leaves  kills  the  weeds,  which 
can  stand  almost  any  other  treatment,  but 
does  no  harm  to  the  grass.  One  lawn,  for¬ 
merly  a  mass  of  weeds,  has  been  made  to 
grow  nothing  but  the  finer  grasses.  An¬ 
other  is  still  under  process  of  treatment. 
The  half  of  it  in  which  the  guinea  pigs 
were  first  set  to  work  has  been  cut  quite 
even  and  very  close.  For  golfing  it  is  as 
fast  again  as  it  was  under  the  administra¬ 
tion  of  the  mowing  machine,  and  not  a 
weed  is  visible.  The  other  half,  where  the 
animals  have  just  been  turned  loose,  is  a 
mass  of  dandelions.” 

Now  then,  take  this  for  what  it  is  worth. 
Do  not  rush  into  raising  living  lawn 
mowers  as  a  get  rich  scheme ! 


THE  CONSUMER’S  DOLLAR. 

If  the  many  farmers  knew  what  we  have 
to  pay  for  produce  up  along  Amsterdam 
avenue  we  think  some  of  them  would  tell 
you  you  were  giving  them  “taffy 18  cents 
for  potatoes,  15  to  25  cents  for  asparagus, 
when  we  are  flush,  even  a  cabbage  head,  five 
to  10  cents,  and  everything  in  proportion. 

New  York.  c.  H.  cox. 

I  am  enclosing  sales  bill  from  a  New  York 
commission  house  which  will  show  how  little 
the  producer  gets  of  consumer’s  dollar.  I 
have  helped  make  and  handle  quite  a  lot 
of  maple  sugar  and  syrup,  and  know  what 
is  good  and  what  isn’t.  Twelve  cans  of  this 
syrup  were  first-class  goods  and  will  not  re¬ 
tail  for  less  than  .$1.25 ;  in  New  York  City, 
I  presume  it  will  go  $1.40  per  gallon  or 
higher.  I  think  the  lot  of  24  gallons  would 
probably  average  to  retail  for  $1.25  per  gal¬ 
lon  or  a  total  of  $80.  I  get  57  7-12  cents 
per  gallon,  or  a  total  of  $13.82;  the  other 
fellows  get  $10.18,  taking  out  freight  and 
commission,  $1.78,  leaves  the  retailer  $15.40 
for  his  part,  or  64  1-6  cents  per  gallon  profit. 

Following  is  sales  account:. 


2  crates  syrup- 

12  cans  at  70  cents .  $8.40 

12  cans  at  60  cents .  7.20 


$15.60 

Fr’t  and  cartage  . . .  $1.00 
Commission . 78 

-  1.78 


$1.78 - 

$13.82 

Market  glutted. 

Vermont.  L.  E.  0. 


Stuffing  Soil  with  Humus. 

I  have  a  piece  of  sandy  loam  which  has 
been  manured  sparingly  for  a  number  of 
years,  but  is  still  very  deficient  in  humus 
on  account  of  manure  not  being  available 
to  give  it  the  heavy  dressings  which  it 
seems  to  require.  Would  you  tell  me  how, 
beginning  this  Fall,  I  can  put  a  large 
amount  of  humus  into  it  by  plowing  under 
green  crops?  It  is  very  doubtful  if  a  good 
stand  of  clover  could  be  started.  Land  is 
now  in  potatoes  and  corn,  which  look  excep¬ 
tionally  fine,  the  season  so  far  having  been 
favorable,  I  would  be  willing  to  let  the 
land  lie  idle  next  year  so  far  as  paying 
crops  are  concerned  if  by  so  doing  I  can 
get  the  land  full  of  humus  for  a  crop  the 
following  year.  A.  c.  M. 

Wisconsin. 

We  are  not  so  sure  about  suitable  crops 
for  Wisconsin,  but  in  New  York  or  New 
Jersey  we  should  sow  rye  and  Hairy  vetch 
this  late  Summer  or  Fall  at  the  last  work¬ 
ing  of  the  corn.  After  the  potatoes  are 
dug  we  should  seed  rye  alone.  Plow  this 
crop  under  next  Spring  and  sow  oats  and 
Canada  peas.  With  us  this  crop  can  be 
plowed  under  early  in  July,  the  ground 
worked  up  and  Japanese  millet  seeded.  This 
In  turn  goes  under  by  September  and  rye 
seeded  again.  Buckwheat  may  be  used  in¬ 
stead  of  millet,  but  the  latter  will  make  a 


heavier  growth.  Y'ou  must  remember  that 
all  this  green  stuff  going  into  the  ground 
will  ferment  and  make  the  soil  sour.  You 
should  use  at  least  one  ton  of  lime  per  acre 
to  overcome  this. 


Avoiding  Spraying  Troubles  , 

A  fortnight  since  I  noted  In  reading 
The  It.  N.-Y.,  the  trouble  one  man  had  in 
spraying  arsenate  of  lead  mixed  with  lime- 
sulphur  as  a  Summer  spray.  Spraying  as 
the  petals  were  falling  we  had  much  dif¬ 
ficulty  also.  But  in  spraying  three  weeks 
since,  all  trouble  was  avoided  by  thoroughly 
agitating  dilute  lime-sulphur  before  adding 
the  thoroughly  stirred  arsenate  of  lead 
paste,  and  then  continuously  agitating. 
Pump  worked  finely,  with  no  clogging,  and 
pumped  the  tank  out  clean.  A  beginner 
should  be  thoroughly  informed  of  this  point, 
as  it  will  save  him  many  hard  thoughts  (if 
not  words)  later  on.  J.  R.  s. 


Sweet  Potato  Rooting;  Seared  Corn. 

1.  Should  sweet  potato  vines  be  al¬ 
lowed  to  take  root  in  the  soil  ?  2.  The 
top  leaves  of  some  cornstalks  dry  up  like 
those  of  a  mature  stalk  in  September.  We 
find  this  in  perhaps  one  out  of  50  stalks. 
Is  the  extremely  hot  weather  the  cause 
of  it?  d.  R. 

1.  Yes,  let  them  run  and  root  as  they 
please.  It  will  do  more  harm  to  tear  them 
loose  than  to  let  them  alone.  2.  Doubtless 
it  is  the  drought  and  heat  that  causes  the 
upper  leaves  of  the  corn  to  wither.  Down 
here  they  are  all  withering,  as  we  have  had 
a  drought  since  the  middle  of  April,  still 
unbroken.  Where  the  withering  is  only  here 
and  there  it  may  have  been  caused  by  too 
deep  cultivation  cutting  the  roots. 

w.  F.  MASSEY. 


NOTES  AND  COMMENTS. 

Vetch. — Whether  vetch  is  tares  or  not, 

I  think  it  is  a  plant  to  be  avoided  by 
wheat  growers,  for  it  is  certain  to  reseed 
the  land,  and  will  appear  in  the  wheatfield, 
and  the  seeds  are  hard  to  separate  from 
the  wheat.  Hence  it  may  well  have  been 
the  tares  which  the  enemy  sowed  in  the 
farmer’s  wheat  that  we  read  about  in  the 
Bible. 

Camphor  Trees. — Noting  what  Mr.  Per¬ 
kins  says,  page  769,  I  would  say  that  the 
camphor  tree  is  far  more  hardy  than  is 
genex-ally  supposed.  I  have  seen  fine  cam¬ 
phor  trees  at  Jasper  in  the  extreme  north 
Florida,  which  have  never  been  injured  by 
frost.  In  Greenville,  Pitt  Co.,  N.  C.,  there 
is  a  camphor  tree  many  years  old,  which 
has  been  repeatedly  frozen  back  some  in 
hard  Winter,  but  always  sprouts  again,  and 
as  such  growth  is  valuable  for  camphor 
making  it  is  evident  that  a  large  part  of 
the  southern  coast  could  produce  camphor. 

Sawdust. — It  is  hard  for  me  to  under¬ 
stand  why  so  many  people  want  to  utilize 
sawdust  heaps.  I  have  found  that  stable 
manure  where  sawdust  has  been  used  for 
bedding  is  vastly  inferior  for  use  to  ma¬ 
nure  made  from  straw  bedding.  In  fact 
the  results  from  such  manure  were  such 
that  I  did  not  want  any  more  of  it.  Or¬ 
dinary  pine  sawdust  in  fresh  state  sours 
the  soil  and  does  far  more  harm  than 
good,  and  even  old  black  rotten  sawdust 
should  not  be  used  until  it.  has  been  com¬ 
posted  with  lime  over  Winter. 

Clothing. — When  one  has  a  suit  of 
clothes  made  to  order  he  must  pay  from 
$35  to  $50  for  a  decently  made  suit.  It 
seems  then  to  be  no  wonder  that  late  in 
the  season  the  retail  clothing  stores  cut 
their  prices  for  ready-made  suits  so  greatly, 
since  it  is  evident  that  they  still  have  a 
good  profit  left,  and  this  is  the.  reason 
why  so  many  clothing  stores  flourish  and 
their  owners  grow  rich.  The  actual  value 
of  the  goods  in  a  $50  made-to-order  suit 
bear  a  very  small  proportion  to  the  price 
of  the  suit.  All-wool  ready-made  suits  are 
as  scarce  as  hen’s  teetcli.  w.  v.  m. 


Dumping  Loads  of  Hay. — In  regard  to 
the  inquirer  in  Connecticut  putting  in  a  hay 
fork  and  track,  I  think  that  if  he  could 
build  a  barn  like  a  large  number  which  have 
been  built  in  northern  Vermont  he  would 
be  better  satisfied  than  he  would  be  with 
a  horsefork.  The  plan  is  to  build  near  an 
elevator  so  that  a  wharfing  and  bridge  may 
be  built  and  drive  in  as  near  the  shingles 
as  possible.  The  hay  then  is  pitched  or 
rolled  off  into  the  bays.  There  is  often  a 
bent  on  one  side  floored  over  so  that  the 
wagon  may  be  backed  into  it,  the  horses 
swung  around  and  driven  out  of  the  same 
door  that  they  came  in.  Where  there  is 
grain  raised  on  the  farm  there  might  be  a 
granary  built  under  the  lloor  and  grain 
emptied  into  it  from  the  machine  when 
thrashing.  Where  a  barn  is  built  on  level 
ground  it  would  require  a  longer  drive  to 
get  in  the  top  or  the  unloading  floor  might 
be  built  lower.  I  have  known  a  man  to 
go  into  such  a  barn  alone  with  a  big  load 
of  hay  and  unload  it  quicker  than  could  be 
done  with  a  fork.  geo.  h.  white. 

Northern  Vermont. 

Fish  Pond  and  Power. — Consul  Greene, 
who  writes  from  Bermuda,  describes  a  new 
scheme  for  utilizing  the  ocean  water.  A 
large  pond  is  to  be  prepared  connecting  with 
the  ocean  by  a  single  narrow  opening.  This 
pond  covers  about  live  square  miles.  A  sill 
or  wall  of  concrete  Is  built  across  the  chan¬ 
nel  leading  to  the  ocean,  and  a  screen  is  to 
be  fixed  so  that  fish  cannot  get  back  away 
from  the  pond.  The  salt  water  will  be  ad¬ 
mitted  and  the  pond  supplied  with  young 
fish.  There  will  thus  be  formed  a  preserve 
with  every  variety  of  game  fish  known  in 
that  locality.  It  is  expected  that  this  will 
prove  an  additional  attraction  to  Winter 
visitors  of  tourists  who  are  fond  of  fishing 
but  do  not  care  to  risk  themselves  on  the 
ocean  away  from  the  island.  It  has  also 
been  suggested  that  a  very  thick  wall  of 
cement  or  two  walls  could  be  prepared  with 
gates  so  as  to  use  the  ebb  and  flow  of  the 
tide  for  power  purposes.  The  tide  can  be 
admitted  through  one  opening  by  arrang¬ 
ing  a  series  of  gates  so  as  to  let  water 
enough  in  to  turn  a  large  turbine  wheel. 
When  the  tide  reaches  its  flood  and  begins 
to  ebb  this  opening  can  be  closed  and  an¬ 
other  gate  opened  so  as  to  permit  the  water 
in  the  pond  to  flow  out  as  the  ocean  re¬ 
cedes.  This  water  in  its  turn  would  pass 
through  another  turbine  mill  with  screens 
at  the  opening  to  the  pond,  so  as  to  hold  the 
fish  back  and  prevent  their  escape. 


46  Bushels  and  10  Ounces  Per  Acre 
The  Straw  Weighed  40,230  Pounds 

Our  business  fs^growing  wheat  tor  seed.  We  have  varieties  that 
greatly  outyield  the .  common  sorts.  We  grow  upon  a  large 
scale.  Clean  and  grade  with  the  best  equipment.  Sell  direct  to 

We  are  so  confi¬ 
dent  of  the 
ity  of  the  wheat 
we  ship  thatAwe 
invite  customers  to  return 
it ‘and  pay  their  money  back  with 
round-trip  freight — if  upon  its  arrival  they  findjt 
other  than  first-class,  .  (The  customer  to  be  the  judge.)  In 
this  small  spaceTwe  can  only  hint  of  the  help  we  can  give  to 
progressive  wheat  growers. 

OUR  SEED  WHEAT  CATALOG  FOR  1911 

now  ready,  is  an  authority  on  wheat^arieties.^  It  contains  photographs'—* 
not  drawings— of  big  crops  we  have  grown.  It  points  the  way  for  better? 
things  in  wheat  culture.  It  is  Free.  Ask  for  it  in  time. 

A.  H.  HOFFMAN.  BAMFORD,  LANCASTER  CO-  PA. 


THESE  WHEAT  HEADS 

are  from  an  actual  photograph.. See  how  compactly  the  spikelets  of  grains 
— four  abreast — are  arranged.  From  10^ Acres  and  69/5^5  Perchea  of 
this  wheat  on  our  farm  we  secured  a  yield  of *480. Bushels  and  9  Pounds. 


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Irvine  Street  Warren, Pa. 


To  learn  how  progressive  farmers  are  using  dynamite  for  removing  stumps 
and  boulders,  planting  and  cultivating  fruit  trees,  regenerating  barren  soil, 
ditching,  draining,  excavating  and  road-making  write  now  for  Free  Booklet — 
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802 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


August  5, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 

Children. — The  recent  “hot  wa've”  in 
New  York  washed  great  cargoes  of  humanity 
out  of  the  tenements  and  small  houses  in 
the  poorer  quarters.  The  brick  and  stone 
could  not  cool  off  during  the  night,  so  that 
each  day  added  to  the  fearful  heat.  By 
the  fourth  day  these  tenements  were  about 
like  an  old-fashioned  oven  and  the  people 
Were  driven  out  to  the  streets.  Thousands 
of  little  children  ran  barefooted  over  the 
hot  stones,  unable  to  find  a  cool  place.  I 
went  through  these  streets  one  day  and 
saw  this  crowd  of  baked  babyhood  and  my 
mind  went  out  to  the  red-heads  playing 
under  the  trees  at  home.  I  was  just  saying 
in  my  heart,  “Thank  God,  our  children  are 
safe,”  when — 

“Oh!  Help.  AK-h-h-Tuh!” 

I  cannot  spell  out  the  fearful  cry.  Across 
the  narrow  street  two  little  children  were 
playing  on  a  sewer  pipe.  One  of  them  fell 
over  backward  into  the  street.  lie  could 
not  have  been  over  two  years  old.  A  single 
torn  and  soiled  garment  was  tied  around  him. 
As  he  lay  on  the  pavement  two  dirty  little 
feet  and  a  shock  of  black  hair  stuck  out  at 


The  last  few  years  have  been  so  dry  in  the 
Fall  and  so  bare  in  the  Spring  that  this 
clover  has  proved  a  failure.  When  the  sea¬ 
son  will  permit  its  full  growth  this  combi¬ 
nation  is  a  good  one  but  I  would  not  ad¬ 
vise  it  this  year  much  north  of  Philadelphia. 
In  fact,  unless  we  can  have  more  rain  in 
August  the  early  cover  crop  this  year  is 
doubtful.  I  know  one  Jersey  farmer  who 
sows  Crimson  clover  in  the  corn  and  if  the 
season  is  moist  gets  a  good  crop.  Experi¬ 
ence  shows  that  it  will  die  out  in  Spring 
three  times  in  five,  so  this  man  gets  the  corn 
out  and  then  pastures  the  Crimson  clover. 
The  cows  get  good  Fall  feed  and  usually 
kill  the  clover.  This  year  I  suggest  vetch 
and  rye  for  fruit  or  truck  farms  or  where 
not  so  much  small  grain  is  grown.  The 
vetch  will  make  some  trouble  in  a  regular 
grain  rotation.  We.  should  use  20  to  25 
pounds  of  vetch  seed  and  10  to  16  quarts  of 
rye  per  acre.  Sow  in  August  if  possible  and 
cover  an  inch  or  so.  This  combination  will 
give  a  great  mass  to  turn  under  or  it  may 
be  cut  for  fodder.  In  our  own  case  this 
year  we  shall  use  rye  alone  on  most  of  the 
farm.  This  is  due  to  a  combination  of 
causes — dry  soil,  too  much  to  do  in  August 
and  crops  which  hold  the  ground  late.  The 
seeding  will  mostly  be  done  late ;  after  Sept. 
16.  There  is  some  prejudice  against  rye, 
but  I  have  great  respect  for  this  tough  and 
hardy  grain.  It  will  grow  almost  anywhere, 
can  be  seeded  late  and  will  stand  hard 
conditions.  It  does  not  add  any  plant  food 
to  the  soil  but  it  provides  a  great  amount  of 
tough  humus  which  will  keep  the  soil  open 
nnd  loose. 


either  end  of  this  shirt.  As  he  lay  in  the 
gutter  a  big  wagon  loaded  with  at  least 
three  tons  of  paper  came  toward  him.  It 
was  a  down  grade  and  the  horses  could  not 
hold  back.  The  driver’s  face  was  white  as 
snow  and  he  did  his  best  to  stop,  but  the 
horses’  hoofs  slid  on  the  pavement  and 
those  great  wheels  were  rolling  straight  at 
those  little  feet !  I  tried  to  get  there,  but 
almost  before  I  could  move  a  woman  sprang 
over  that  pipe  like  a  tiger.  She  jerked  the 
baby  just  in  time.  That  wheel  missed  the 
feet  by  a  scant  three  inches  !  The  woman 
sprang  back  over  the  pipe  and  sat  down  on 
the  sidewalk  with  the  child  in  her  arms. 
Now,  if  I  were  writing  a  story  I  could  fix 
up  some  romantic  ending  for  this.  Truth, 
however,  knocks  much  of  the  romance  out 
of  life.  As  we  want  facts,  I  will  give  them. 
The  child  was  a  poor,  sickly  little  one.  He 
cannot  possibly  hope  to  be  President.  The 
woman  was  not  beautiful — small,  dried  up 
and  overworked,  but  the  way  she  hugged 
that  child  was  good  to  see.  A  man  came 
out  and  swore  at  the  pair  in  a  sort  of  gen¬ 
eral  way.  Then  he  went  and  brought  a 
glass  full  of  some  dark  colored  liquor.  In 
my  Investigations  of  the  liquor  law  I  find 
that  you  must  sample  liquor  and  show  your¬ 
self  a  fair  judge  before  you  can  prove  what 
it  is.  I  did  not  sample  it.  but  it  looked  much 
like  beer.  The  child  drank  about  half  of  it- 
,The  woman  washed  its  face  with  a  little 
and  drank  the  rest  herself.  Of  course,  I 
know  this  is  a  very  prosaic  ending  for  a 
thrilling  rescue,  but  I  give  you  the  facts. 
When  I  got  home  that  night  and  the  little 
red-heads  came  running  across  the  lawn  to 
meet  me  I  was  more  thankful  than  ever 
that  these  little  folks  can  pass  their  child¬ 
hood  far  away  from  hot  pavements  and  beer. 
Better  make  most  of  your  children  while 
you  can  ! 

Cover  Crops. — If  you  are  to  sow  crops 
In  the  corn  now  is  the  time  to  get  ready. 
The  object  of  the  cover  crop  is  to  keep  the 
ground  occupied  through  late  Summer  and 
Fall  1 1  at  i-i  tlm  season  when  the  greatest 
losses  of  plant  food  occur.  If  the  soil  is  left 
bare  the  nitrates  formed  in  late  Summer 
will  be  lost  in  the  drainage  water.  If  there 
be  Borne  live  crop  growing,  most  of  the  ni¬ 
trates  will  be  saved.  We  sow  these  crops  in 
the  corn  so  as  to  get  them  started  early.  If 
we  waited  until  the  corn  was  cut  it  would 
be  too  late  for  clover,  and  probably  for 
vetch.  By  getting  them  started  in  August 
we  have  a  fair  growth  to  follow  the  corn. 
And  here  comes  the  great  thing  to  remem¬ 
ber.  In  a  very  dry  season  there  will  not  be 
moisture  enough  for  both  cover  crop  and 
corn.  Both  need  water.  The  corn  being 
stronger  and  larger  will  get  most  of  what 
there  is.  The  cover  crop  will  get  some — not 
■  enough  to  make  it  a  success  but  just  enough 
to  hurt  the  corn.  In  a  drought,  therefore, 
we  would  not  sow  a  cover  crop  in  the  corn 
ln_  August  but  would  keep  on  cultivating 
with  a  light  harrow  or  cultivator  as  long 
as  we  could  get  through.  This  year’s  corn 
crop  is  more  important  than  next  year’s 
cover  crop  and  if  your  soil  is  very  dry,  we 
would  wait  until  the  corn  has  matured  and 
then  seed  to  rye.  If  the  soil  is  reasonably 
moist  the  cover  crop  is  safe  and  we  should 
sow  early  in  August. 

Evert  year  the  question  of  how  to  do  it 
comes  up.  This  is  the  way  we  do  it  in  small 
fields.  No  doubt  there  are  better  ways  on 
larger  farms.  With  us,  one  year  and  another, 
the  corn  is  ready  about  Aug.  10.  I  take  the 
mixed  seed  and  walk  through  the  corn 
throwing  out  by  hand  two  rows  at  a  time. 

A  little  practice  will  enable  one  to  scatter 
the  seed  evenly.  We  have  had  a  boy  ride 
through  the  corn,  throwing  the  seed  from 
a  broadcast  seeder.  This  does  it  rapidly,  but 
wastes  the  seed.  Then  we  follow  with  a 
light  cultivator.  I  would  not  use  the  horse 
hoes  with  the  large  teeth.  We  like  the 
“diamond-tooth”  which  is  really  a  spike 
harrow  shaped  like  a  cultivator.  Open  this 
as  wide  as  possible  and  go  back  and  forth 
in  the  row  working  close  up  to  each  side. 
Take  a  piece  of  plank  or  heavy  joist  about 
feet  wide  and  wire  it  to  the  cultivator 
so  it  will  dangle  and  scrape  over  the  ground 
behind.  This  will  level  and  smooth  down 
the  surface.  If  we  had  time  we  should 
go  both  ways  of  the  field  where  the  corn  is 
in  hills.  This  light  working  and  scraping 
will  cover  the  seed  about  right  and  you 
have  nothing  more  to  do  with  that  cover 
crop  but  to  let  it  alone.  If  the  soil  is  in 
fair  shape,  with  enough  moisture  it  will 
cover  the  ground  this  Fall  and  give  you  a 
good  growth  to  plow  under  next  Spring. 

What  shall  we  sow?  For  years  we  have 
advocated  32  pounds  of  Crimson  clover 
and  two  pounds  Cow-horn  turnips  per  acre. 


Farm  Notes. — We  got  the  buckwheat  and 
clover  seeded  July  21.  You  remember  that 
this  was  seeded  after  oats — cut  for  hay.  It 
is  one  of  the  old  “loafer  fields,”  which  three 
years  ago  was  a  mass  of  birch,  briars  and 
brush.  There  are  still  a  few  rocks  there 
but  these  can  be  blown  out  and  then  we  shall 
have  one  of  the  best  fields  on  the  farm.  The 
buckwheat  may  be  too  late — let  us  see 
about  that.  This  field  is  intended  for  an 
orchard  of  McIntosh  red  apples.  That  is 
the  promising  variety  I  have  found  for  our 
section.  .  .  .  Eight-year-old  trees  of 

McIntosh  have  one  box  or  more  of  fine  fruit 
while  nine-year  Baldwins  have  not  started. 
Nine-year  Ben  Davis  trees  in  sod  have 
nearly  one  barrel  of  fine  looking  fruit.  They 
will  have  paid  their  entire  cost,  rent  of  land 
and  interest  long  before  Baldwins  get 
ready.  And  here  comes  one  of  my  custom¬ 
ers  saying  he  likes  to  eat  Ben  Davis! 
After  what  I  have  said  and  still  think 
about  old  Ben,  these  things  hurt  my  feel¬ 
ings,  but  they  are  facts  and  what  can  you 
do  with  a  fact?  If  you  try  to  bury  it,  you 
only  start  a  new  crop.  Better  get  them  out 
and  admit  them  or  beat  them  with  stronger 
facts.  .  .  .  We  have  begun  to  sell  the 
early  apples.  Prices  are  fair.  We  can  sell 
even  sweet  o.-es  this  year.  The  fact  is  that 
th  apple  pie  businss  has  grown  to  such  pro¬ 
portions  in  New  York  that  there  must  be 
supplies  of  pie  stock  every  day.  Anything 
that  will  Blice  up  into  fair  sized  pieces  will 
go  and  nearby  shippers  get  the  benefit  of 
this.  We  have  too  many  early  varieties  like 
Nyack.  The  trees  were  here  when  we  came. 
Without  any  question  we  would  be  $500  bet¬ 
ter  off  this  year  if  our  Nyack,  and  sweet 
apples  were  all  Baldwins.  That  is  what  you 
entail  upon  some  one  when  you  start  with  the 
wrong  varieties.  I  realize  now  that  it  is  a 
serious  thing  to  tell  a  stranger  what  to 
plant.  I  should  hesitate  to  do  It  unless  I 
knew  all  the  particulars.  A  man  would  far 
better  go  to  some  local  grower  and  study 
it  out  for  himself.  .  .  .  Just  before 

that  good  shower  on  July  18  we  got  out 
8,000  Brussels  sprouts  and  some  2,000  cab¬ 
bage.  They  hardly  draggled  a  plume  but 
held  up  their  heads  and  started  off  as  if 
proud  of  life.  If  we  can  keep  this  crop  go¬ 
ing  it  will  mean  something.  The  onions  are 
no  great  credit  to  us.  The  weeds  got  at 
them  during  haying  and  they  are  not  clean 
yet  I  hate  to  admit  it,  but  we  did  not 
give  them  full  care.  The  early  potatoes  are 
good — a  larger  crop  than  we  have  had  in 
some  years.  They  will  mostly  be  retailed 
In  baskets.  The  boy’s  college  crop  is  at  this 
moment  the  most  promising  we  have  had  on 
the  farm.  A  potato  crop  in  this  country  is 
as  precarious  as  a  poet’s  dream.  The  boy 
may  think  himself  safe  for  a  couple  of  terms 
but  I  would  wait  until  the  potatoes  are  dug 
and  sold  and  paid  for  before  talking  edu- 
cation.  h.  w.  c. 


Edwards  “REO” 
Steel  Shingles 

One  man  can  easily  lay  these  everlasting  steel  shin¬ 
gles.  Hammer  and  nails  all  that  is  needed.  Our  patent 
interlocking  device  covers  all  nails,  thus  preventing 
rusting,  leaking,  etc.,  and  also  guards  against  any  ex¬ 
pansion  or  contraction  that  might  be  caused  by  the 
weather.  Our  $10,000  Guarantee  Bond  against  light¬ 
ning  protects  you  for  all  time  against  the  destruction 
of  your  Edwards  •‘Reo”  Eoof  by  lightning. 

Yon  can  apply  Edwards  "Reo”  Steel  Shingles  over 
old  shingles  or  on  sheathing  12  inches  apart. 

Send  us  the  dimensions  of  your  building  and  we 
will  tell  yon  the  exact  cost  of  material,  freight  pre¬ 
paid  to  your  railroad  station. 

Special  Money-Making  Proposition 
to  One  Man  in  Each  Community! 

Write  for  it  at  once.  Get  our  free  Roof  Book  and 
select  the  handsomest,  most  durable  roofs  for  your 
buildings. 

Write  for  Free  Standard  Roofing  Book  No.  873, 

THE  EDWARDS  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

823-873  bock  Street,  Cincinnati,  Ohio  (52) 
The  World’s  Largest  Manufacturers  of  Steel  Roofing 


Help  out  your  pasture  shortage 
with  Dried  Beet  Pulp 


Better 
Conditioned 
Cows 


EVEN  though  the  season  is  dry,  you  can  make  your 
pasture  last  through  the  summer.  When  your 
neighbors  are  buying  feed  for  their  cattle  you  can 
still  have  good  green  pasture.  Conservation— that  is 
the  wav  to  avoid  expensive  feeding  bills — and  include 
Dried  Beet  Pulp  in  your  feeding  ration.  You  will  most 
likely  ge+  more  milk,  too— certainly  just  as  much— and 
at  reduced  feeding  cost.  Your  cows  need  be  on  pasture 
only  half  time.  Just  mix  one  to  three  pounds  of  Dried 
Beet  Pulp  in  the  ration  and  then  watch  your  milk  records 
grow.  It  you  put  your  cows  on  pasture  too  early— before  the 
grass  had  its  full  growth— before  the  ground  became  firm— so  that 
your  cows  really  destroyed  more  pasture  than  they  ate,  Dried  Beet 
Pulp  will  get  you  on  good  feeding  basis  again. 

F eed  Dried  Beet  Pulp  the  same  as  you  would  roots 
and  you  will  he  repaid  in  more  milk  and  better 
conditioned  cows. 

Dried  Beet  Pulp  is  just  the 
pulp  of  the  sugar  beet  after 
the  sugar  has  been  extracted 
— but  all  the  tender  nutritious 
substance  retained.  It  is  a 
succulent  feed  that  the  cows  _ 
like.  It  provides  the  bulk  the  cows 
need  —  lightens  the  grain  ration — 
makes  it  easier  of  digestion,  increases 
the  flow  of  milk,  keeps  the  bowels  and 
kidneys  in  good  order. 

Test  out  and  prove  this  to  your  own  satis¬ 
faction.  If  you  don’t  find  this  true, 
it  won’t  cost  you  a  cent  under  our 

Guaranty. 

The  Larrowe  Milling  Co.  yye  8tanj  on 

Box  601,  Ford  Bldg.  ~ — - 

Detroit,  Mich.  this  Guaranty 

-We  guarantee  that  ar.y  sack  of  our 
_  .  Dried  Beet  Pulp  bought  for  trial,  either 
w  direct  from  us  or  through  a  dealer,  will 
-  prove  satisfactory  to  the  buyer  or  we  will 
^ -  refund  the  purchase  price. 

Larger  quantities  can  be  bought  with  the  privilege 
of  trying  one  sack  and  if  found  unsatisfactory,  the  entire 
. ,  Price  will  be  refunded  if  the  unused  portion  ia 

shipped m  accordance  with  instructions  to  be  received  from  us. 


* 


All  kinds  spraying-  out- 
H  '  Igll  Jl  ▼  fitsforallpurposes — Bar- 

\  1&  I  re1.  Knapsack,  Power 

•  Potato  Sprayers,  Com- 

M  P®*  plete  Gas  Engine  Orchard 

Rigs,  etc.  Send  for  catalog,  FREE. 

FIELD  FORCE  PUMP  COMPANY, 

2  1  1  th  Street,  Elmira,  New  York 


/"■JONSULTING  SPECIALIST  in  soil  improve- 
ment,  crop  growing,  dairy  husbandry  and  gene¬ 
ral  farm  management.  L.  W.  LIGHT!,  East  Berlin,  Pa. 


IRfl  Farm?  I'OR  SATE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
I  wU  I  G I  III O  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horace  G.  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa. 


FflR  <\AI  F~If  yon  'want  the  best  farms  for  the 
i  uii  untL  money,  send  for  our  large  free  catalog. 
HALL’S  FARM  AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.,  N.Y. 


CORN  HARVESTER 

That  beats  them  ail.  One  horse  cuts  two  rows. 
Great  laborsaver.  Carries  to  the  shock.  Notwine. 
Worked  by  1, 2  or  three  men.  We  also  niannfactnre 
Stump  Pullers  and  Tile  Ditchers.  Write  for  catalog. 
R.  L.  BENNETT  &  CO.,  Westerville.  Ohio. 

ALFALFA  SOIL  FOR  INOCULATION 

.  .  .  Send  for  Prices  and  Circular  .  .  . 

F.  T.  GILL,  Haddon  Farms,  Haddonfield,  N.  J. 

INOCULATED  ALFALFA  SOIL 

75  cents  per  hundred,  *10.00  per  ton.  F.  O.  B  Ash- 
vi lie.  Pa.  Send  for  FREE  booklet  “  How  to  Grow 
Alfalfa.”  Dr.  H.  SOMERVILLE,  Chest  Springs, 
Cambria  County,  Pa. 


THE  OHIO  STATE  FAIR 

AUGUST  28  to  SEPTEMBER  1 

Entries  Close  August  12 

The  State  Fair  is  big.  Few  know  its  magnitude. 

Six  hundred  newspapers  tell  about  its  merits. 

Forty  tons  of  mail  matter  advertise  it. 

Forty  acres  of  machinery  exhibits. 

Thirty  acres  of  great  buildings  under  roof. 

Two  miles  of  freight  cars  to  haul  exhibits. 

Three  thousand  dollars  used  in  postage. 

Live  stock  and  animals  shown  worth  a  fortune. 

Five  thousand  people  actually  labor  to  make  it. 

One  hundred  uniformed  National  Guard  soldier  police. 

One  hundred  farm  boys  help  in  its  management. 

Twenty  miles  of  finest  ornamental  roads  and  drives. 

Greatest  grand  stand  of  concrete  and  iron  in  the  nation. 

Ten  thousand  wheels  will  be  turning  when  fair  is  in  bloom. 

The  horse  show  represents  a  million  dollars  in  value. 

The  cattle  show  is  not  excelled  by  any  in  the  land. 

Sheep  and  swine  beyond  compare  compete  for  liberal  prizes. 

Poultry  will  demonstrate  its  value  to  the  farm. 

Agriculture  and  Horticulture  will  show  products  of  the  soil. 

Skill  of  maid  and  mother  will  be  displayed  and  admired. 

No  free  passes.  A  silver  half  dollar  is  the  admission  ticket. 

Entries  close  August  12.  Do  not  delay.  Books  open  now. 

Write  and  ask  for  elegant  catalog  with  color  plate  pictures. 

Ladies’  Day,  Monday,  August  28.  Children's  Day,  September  1. 

Open  Day  and  Night.  Fire  works.  Free  attractions. 

No  Midway.  Band  Concerts.  Pure  water.  Rest  rooms  free. 

The  State  Fair  has  helped  to  make  Ohio  great. 

Telephones  that  reach  and  talk  to  "‘Way  back  home.” 

The  State  Board  of  Agriculture  invites  all  citizens  to  join  in  making  the  fair 

successful  in  all  respects. 

The  best  breeders,  manufacturers,  farmers,  artists  and  other  top  notchers,  will 

display  their  wares. 

The  State  Board  will  pay  the  entire  expense  of  one  farm  boy  from  each  county 

attending  the  State  Fair  five  days. 

Entries  Close  August  12.  Do  it  NOW. 

For  catalog  and  other  information  write, 

A.  P.  SANDLES,  Secretary,  Columbus,  Ohio. 


1911. 


THE  RURAE  NEW-YORKEH 


803 


Ruralisms 

MISSOURI  GARDEN  NOTES. 

At  last  the  drought  which  must  pass 
into  horticultural  history  as  one  of  the 
most  disastrous  of  recent  years,  has  ap¬ 
parently  been  terminated,  this  10th  of 
July,  by  a  rainfall  of  over  an  inch, 
whose  benefit  was  increased  by  accom¬ 
panying  cool  weather.  It  is  indeed  sel¬ 
dom  that  drought  has  the  temerity  to 
invade  the  season  of  Spring  itself,  but 
it  began  its  record  in  the  first  days  of 
May  and  has  thus  covered  a  period  of 
nearly  two  months  and  a  half.  The 
strawberry  crop  was  diminished  one- 
half,  raspberries  and  blackberries  some¬ 
what  less,  and  tree  fruits  little  or  none. 
Grapes,  with  their  extensive  root  sys¬ 
tem  and  affinity  for  a  hot  sun,  show  no 
damage  at  this  time  except  in  restricted 
growth  of  new  wood.  When  we  speak 
of  gardens,  however,  we  must  adopt 
funereal  tones,  for  here  the  ruin  ap¬ 
proached  completeness.  The  larger  and 
later  vegetables,  such  as  beans  and  to¬ 
matoes,  stood  the  ordeal  without  great 
damage,  although  exposed  fruits  of  the 
latter  were  blistered  white  by  the  torrid 
sun,  a  result  usually  seen  only  in  the 
dog  days  of  August.  Sweet  corn  was 
stunted  in  stalk  and  ear,  but  the  most 
important  crop  to  be  stricken  was  pota¬ 
toes.  The  Irish  potato  is  one  of  the 
great  staple  foods,  and  any  serious  di¬ 
minution  in  its  supply  is  felt  by  people 
of  every  class.  Upon  the  poor,  espe¬ 
cially,  will  the  scarcity  and  high  price 
of  the  homely  tuber  fall  keenly  and 
still  more  keenly  as  the  Fall  and  Winter 
months  come.  From  the  standpoint  of 
the  grower,  however,  things  are  not  so 
bad  as  they  might  be.  The  high  prices 
are  compensating  him  in  fair  degree 
for  limited  quantity.  Potatoes  are  retail¬ 
ing  at  50  and  60  cents  per  peck,  corn 
at  25  and  30  cents  per  dozen,  tomatoes 
30  cents  per  basket,  cabbage  six  cents 
per  pound  and  beans  10  cents  per 
pound.  Yesterday  we  began  digging  the 
Early  Ohios,  and  found  about  one-third 
of  a  normal  yield.  True  to  its  breed¬ 
ing  the  Ohio  presents  us  with  a  mini¬ 


middles  of  these  plantings  for  potatoes 
or  strawberries,  and  find  it  works  well, 
thus  getting  some  income  from  the  land 
the  first  year.  Such  combinations  are 
essential  to  economy.  Black  raspberries 
make  too  much  growth  to  admit  a  for¬ 
eign  plant  between  them  in  the  row, 
but  in  the  middles  between  the  rows 
potatoes  fit  in  well. 

In  the  case  of  blackberries  we  follow 
up  the  potatoes  with  cow  peas,  drilling 
a  double  row  close  together.  When 
there  is  room  they  are  cultivated  a  time 
or  two,  but  weeds  by  this  late  date  are 
pretty  well  subdued,  and  disturb  little. 
The  peas  make  a  great  growth  that  ulti¬ 
mately  fills  all  the  space  between  the 
bushes,  shading  the  ground  and  pro¬ 
moting  the  formation  of  nitrates.  In 
the  Fall  they  die  down  and  form  a  valu¬ 
able  mulch.  Sometimes  Red  clover  is 
sown  instead  of  peas  and  displaces  cul¬ 
tivation  the  next  Summer. 

The  peach  crop  here  is  good  in  spots 
which  is  to  be  expected  where  there  are 
no  commercial  orchards  conducted  on 
modern  methods.  The  Dewey  bore  its 
first  crop  this  year  and  we  found  it 
a  good-sized  yellow-fleshed  peach,  about 
as  large  as  the  Carman,  but  much  in¬ 
ferior  to  the  latter  in  quality.  It  came 
in,  however,  two  weeks  ahead  of  the 
Carman,  which  surely  counts  for  some¬ 
thing.  We  are  always  grateful  to  and 
appreciative  of  the  first  fruits  to  ripen 
and  the  factor  of  earliness  is  by  no 
means  to  be  despised.  Carman  trees  here 
are  loaded  with  fine  fruit  that  with  the 
assistance  of  the  drought  showed  no 
disposition  to  rot,  although  that  dis¬ 
ease  has  to  be  regularly  reckoned  with. 
Yet  our  local  market  has  to  annually 
depend  on  distant  shipments  for  the 
bulk  of  its  supply,  both  of  peaches  and 
apples.  Interest  in  fruit  growing  has 
never  been  aroused  in  this  district,  al¬ 
though  natural  conditions  are  alluring. 
The  “river  hills”  as  they  are  called 
which  border  the  Mississippi  present 
countless  ideal  sites  for  orchards  with 
their  elevation,  air  drainage,  proximity 
to  a  large  body  of  water,  fertile  though 
sometimes  rocky  soil  and  land  prices 
within  reach  of  the  slenderest  purse. 
A  farmer  living  on  these  heights  re¬ 
cently  told  me  that  he  had  not  known 
of  a  total  peach  failure  in  11  years. 
The  ranking  Missouri  peaches  for  mar¬ 
ket  are  the  Carman,  Elberta  and  Cham¬ 
pion.  The  Elberta  among  peaches  oc¬ 
cupies  the  position  of  the  Ben  Davis 
among  apples,  possessing  an  ideal  com¬ 
bination  of  characteristics  with  the  ex¬ 
ception  of  the  supreme  one  of  high 
quality.  l.  r.  johnson. 

Cape  Girardeau  Co.,  Mo. 


mum  of  tubers  below  marketable  size,  ' 
often  concentrating  all  its  energies  in 
forming  a  single  one  of  good  propor¬ 
tions.  Still  we  sift  out  the  ultra-small 
and  rough  ones,  albeit  the  price  induces 
many  to  make  no  exceptions.  At  last 
we  feel  that  we  rather  have  the  whip 
hand  over  the  grocers.  It  is  a  pleasant 
sensation  to  answer  the  telephone  call 
and  find  the  man  who  so  often  looked 
askance  at  your  truck,  beseeching  you 
to  send  in  something,  and  equally  pleas¬ 
ant  to  feel  yourself  safe  in  making 
conditions.  This  year  we  sternly  demand 
cash  instead  of  trade  or  part  trade,  and 
fix  a  price  without  a  tremor  when  re¬ 
quested.  This  morning  a  grocer  eager¬ 
ly  volunteered  to  send  his  own  wagon 
to  the  farm  for  two  bushels  of  potatoes 
at  $1.75  per  bushel. 

Our  system  is  to  follow  early  pota¬ 
toes  with  sweet  orn,  and  in  this  lati¬ 
tude  we  are  safe  n  planting  up  to  the 
first  of  August.  Between  now  and  that 
date  we  shall  get  out  all  the  potatoes 
and  replant  all  the  space  with  corn, 
cabbage,  tomatoes  and  turnips.  Almost 
of  equal  value  to  its  ears  do  we  value 
the  sweet  corn  as  a  soiling  crop  for  the 
horses  and  cow  and  for  Winter  feeding 
and  when  well  cured  and  stored  in  tied 
bundles  I  should  not  be  willing  to  ex¬ 
change  it  for  an  equal  weight  of  Timothy 
hay.  Old  strawberry  beds  were  hard 
hit  by  the  drought,  and  in  many  cases 
it  will  not  pay  to  clean  them  out  for 
a  second  crop.  I  find  so  many  plants 
have  died  here  that  greatly  to  my  re¬ 
luctance  I  shall  have  to  plow  up  the 
ground  for  other  crops  and  rely  for 
next  season  entirely  on  the  Spring 
plantings.  These  latter  under  good, 
clean  cultivation  stood  the  drought  un¬ 
injured  except  where  trees  robbed  them 
of  moisture. 

There  was  some  mortality  among  the 
young  blackberries  that  were  planted 
late.  We  always  utilize  the  rows  and 


We  Want  to  Start  a  Few 
Good,  Hustling  Young 
Men  in  a  Paying  Business 


WE  want  to  get  in  touch  with  a  few 
good,  hustling  young  men  who  want 
to  earn  from  $  1 5  to  $20  a  day  from 
a  small  investment. 

Cutting  Buckeye  ditches  is  a  good. 
Staple  business  that  laSts  the  entire  Summer 
season.  Ditches  cut  with  the  Buckeye 
Traction  Ditcher  are  from  25%  to  50% 
cheaper  than  the  old  method.  The  ditches 
are  truer,  cleaner  cut  and  better.  Farmers 
are  demanding  them, 

A  Buckeye  Traction  Ditcher  will 
cut  from  100  to  150  rods  of  ditch  per  day — 
10  to  15  rods  an  hour — between  two  and 
three  feet  a  minute.  Figure  the  earnings 
for  yourself  at  the  average  price  paid  for 
ditch  digging  in  your  locality. 

Are  you  one  of  the  men  who  wants  to 
make  money  ? 

Write  to  day  for  Catalog  No.  3 

The  Buckeye  Traction  Ditcher  Co., 
Findlay,  Ohio. 


White  Lead  on  the  Farm 

For  Houses 

Paint  your  house  when  it  needs 
it  and  use  the  best  paint — that 
is  the  whole  story  of  paint  econ¬ 
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off  painting  the  more  paint 
will  be  required.  Paint 
made  of 

“Dutch  Boy  Painter” 

Pure  White  Lead 

and  pure  linseed  oil  is  the 
most  economical  paint  in 
the  world  because  it  is- the 
most  durable.  It  holds  to 
the  wood  like  a  nail  and 
protects  the  surface  per¬ 
fectly  against  the  attacks 
of  the  weather. 

Our  Free  Painting  Helps 

We  will  send  you  free  on  request 
color  schemes  and  miscellaneous  paint¬ 
ing  instructions  that  you  will  find  of 
real  practical  value.  Ask  for  Helps2208 

NATIONAL  LEAD  CO. 

XewYork  Cleveland  Chicago  St.  I-ouia 
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(John  T.  Lewis  &  Bros.  Co.,  Philadelphia) 
(.National  Lead  &  Oil  Co.,  Pittsburgh) 


Pump  A11  the  Water  Von  Wont 

on  farm  or  estate  without  engino 
trouli  1  es  or  expense, 
with  an  auto^ 
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Raises 
water  30 
feetforeach 

uRAM  foot  of  fall— no 

trouble  or  Dumping 
expense.  Booklet,  plans, 
estimate,  FREE, 

Rife  Engine  Co. ,'2429  Trinity  Bldg.,  N.Y. 


PATENT 


Whex  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


SECURED  OR  FEE  RETURNED. 

Free  Patent  Book,  Selling  Guide  and 
List  of  Buyers  and  Manufacturers  of 
Inventions.  ADVICE  FREE.  Send  sketch. 

FARNHAM  &  SUES,  Attys.,  548  F.  SJ„Wa»hington,  D.  C. 


DAILY 

OUTPUT 

18,000 

BBLS. 


YEARLY 

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OVER 

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ALPHA 

PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work— a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  GO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


STAND¬ 
ARD 


THE 

WORLD 

OVER 


WELL  AND  PROSPECTING 
DRILLING  MACHINERY 


43  years’  successful  operation. 
Used  In  nearly  al)  parts  of  the 
world.  We  make  a  complete  line 
of  Drilling  Machines  and  tools 
for  every  condition  of  earth 
and  rock:  drilling  and  min¬ 
eral  prospecting.  Complete 
catalogue  No.  120  showing  over 
40  styles  of  machines  free. 

THE  AMERICAN  WELL  WORKS 

General  Office  and  Works: 
Aurora,  HI. 

XTnttAnal  TJ  n  r>  Tr- 


OHnn  rr/\  rWnoAi 


TO  secure  the  best  results,  manure  must  be  spread  with 
a  machine,  because  fork-spreading  wastes  manure, 
wastes  time,  wastes  energy,  and  wastes  opportunities 
for  increasing  the  income  which  a  farm  is  capable  of  yielding. 

In  progressive  communities  you  will  find  that  most  of  the 
manure  spreaders  in  use  bear  the  I  H  C  trade-mark.  Pro¬ 
gressive  farmers  take  no  chances  on  their  crop  insurance. 
They  want  absolute  assurance  before  they  decide. 

Before  they  bought  I  H  C  manure  spreaders,  they  found 
that  they  were  simple  in  design— unusual^  in  strength — and 
remarkably  efficient. 

They  found  the  power  transmitting  mechanism  the  most 
durable  used  on  any  machine,  because  the  beater  gear  was 
held  in  a  single  casting  which  prevented  the  gears  from  spring¬ 
ing  out  of  alignment  and  cutting  the  teeth.  They  found  that 
the  long,  square,  chisel  pointed  teeth  insured  positive  pulver¬ 
izing  of  all  manure;  that  the  teeth  were  long  enough  to  tear 
the  "manure  to  pieces  before  it  wedged  against  the  bars;  that 
the  teeth  did  not  rim  the  bars;  that  the  beater  was  large  enough 
in  diameter  so  it  did  not  wind.  They  found  that  the  rollers 
which  supported  the  apron  were  large,  that  the  apron  moved 
easily;  and  that  self-aligning  roller  bearings  on  the  main 
drive  axle  not  only  reduced  the  draft  but  prevented  the  axle 
from  binding,  and  cutting  the  axle  brackets,  a  fault  not  un¬ 
common  to  spreaders, 

Kemp  20th  Century 
Corn  King  Cloverleaf 

You  have  choice  of  these  three  styles.  Each 
style  is  made  in  several  sizes  to  meet  every 
condition. 

Don’t  plant  another  crop  before  you  see  the 
I  H  C  local  dealer.  Let  him  tell  you  all  the 
facts.  Let  him  point  out  the  many  advan¬ 
tages  of  an  I  H  C  spreader.  Pick  out  the 
one  that  suits  you  best.  Get  catalogues  from 
him,  or,  if  you  prefer,  write  direct  for  any 
information  you  desire. 

International  Harvester  Company 
of  America 

(Incorporated) 

USA 


IHC 

Service  Bureau 

The  purpose  of 
this  Bureau  is  to 
furnish  farmers 
with  information 
on  better  farming. 
If  you  have  any 
worthy  question 
concerning  soils, 
crops,  pests,  fer¬ 
tilizer,  etc.,  write 
to  the  IHC  Serv¬ 
ice  Bureau,  and 
learn  what  our 
experts  and  others 
have  found  out 
'concerning  these 
subjects. 


804 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes 

Established  isso 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  St,,  New  York 

Herbert  W.  Coluxowood,  President  and  Editor. 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Royle,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 
To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union.  $2.04,  equal  to  8s.  6d.,  or 
marks,  or  10$^  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  us  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

"A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  trifling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  ns  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  i  icntioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order1  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

We  do  not  know  how  often  it  is  necessary  to  re¬ 
peat  that  no  attention  is  paid  to  anonymous  letters. 

We  get  some  of  them.  The  more  important  the  sub¬ 
ject  the  more  some  people  seem  to  be  afraid  of  stand¬ 
ing  by  their  own  opinion.  The  record  of  The  R. 
N.-Y.  stands  like  an  open  book.  We  are  not  greatly 

impressed  by  people  who  attempt  to  criticize  it  and 

then  hide  their  identity  behind  “Subscriber,”  “Old  Ob¬ 
server”  or  “One  Who  Knows.”  The  waste  basket  is 
a  good  place  for  offspring  of  the  brain  whose  parents 
disown  them. 

* 

I  have  at  hand  a  page  of  The  R.  N.-Y.,  April  8,  1911. 
I  picked  it  up  in  a  packing  case  I  received  some  goods  in 
from  New  York  State,  just  one  page,  but  I  read  an 
article  about  Baldwin  apple  trees  on  that  page,  and  if  the 
paper  is  all  like  that  I  think  I  would  like  to  try  it. 
Massachusetts.  B.  e.  m. 

Hardly  a  week  passes  without  a  note  like  the  above. 
People  find  The  R.  N.-Y.  or  parts  of  it  in  all  sorts 
of  places — bales  of  hay,  packages;  by  the  roadside. 
Like  the  man  who  writes  the  above,  they  found  some¬ 
thing  of  vital  interest— and  come  for  more.  The  other 
farm  papers  seem  to  have  abandoned  the  short  term 
subscription.  We  find  it  more  profitable  than  ever. 
Give  us  10  weeks  at  a  man  and  if  we  cannot  give  him 
something  that  is  indispensable — he  will  be  too  wise 
for  us ! 

* 

Our  good  old  friend  Luther  Burbank  is  out  in  the 
limelight  once  more.  He  has  issued  a  pamphlet  at¬ 
tacking  the  Department  of  Agriculture  for  saying 
things  about  the  “spineless  cactus.”  A  “plant  crea¬ 
tor”  in  his  rage  might  well  keep  in  the  shadow.  In 
the  limelight  he  looks  wrinkled  and  shopworn.  It 
would  be  better  to  pull  down  the  blind  on  Brother 
Burbank.  The  New  York  World  does  him  justice: 

“Such  language  hardly  befits  a  scientist  who  lives 
among  flowers  and  whose  wrath  .should  be  as  spineless  as 
his  cactus.  An  experimenter  who  delights  in  novelties  and 
has  a  genius  for  producing  them  ought  to  invent  new 
words  and  develop  new  phrases.  Mr.  Burbank  might 
have  made  his  controversy  with  the  Department  the  occa¬ 
sion  of  a  public  benefit  by  the  production  of  a  new  con¬ 
troversial  epithet.  That  ho  has  gifts  in  that  line  is 
shown  by  his  statement  that  his  cactus  “is  the  most 
valuable  improvement  in  vegetable  life  during  the  cen¬ 
turies,  fully  equal  in  importance  to  the  discovery  of  a  new 
continent.”  That  is  a  fine  sentence,  worthy  of  a  poet. 
But  any  inventor  of  a  patent  medicine,  soap  or  corset  can 
denounce  as  ‘pinheads’  the  fellows  that  dare  to  offer 
something  else  as  being  ‘just  as  good.’  ” 

* 

The  last  Democratic  convention  in  New  York 
State  adopted  a  “platform”  containing  the  following: 

We  favor  a  State- vide  direct  primary  to  insure  to 
the  people  the  right  to  select  political  committees  and 
nominate  public  officers. 

After  one  of  the  longest  sessions  on  record  the 
Legislature  has  gone  home  without  giving  the  peo¬ 
ple  any  such  primary  law.  What  they  tried  to  do 
was  a  farce — even  more  so  than  the  Republican  Legis¬ 
lature  last  year  to  evade  the  expressed  desire  of  the 
people.  It  must  now  be  evident  to  everyone  that 
the  politicians  of  the  old  parties  will  not  give  us  a 
fair  primary  nominations  bill.  The  Republicans  are 
afraid  of  it.  They  know  well  enough  that  every 
rural  county  in  the  State  is  the  mouth  of  a  political 
volcano  ready  to  burst  out  at  the  first  opportunity. 
In  the  present  feeling  of  New  York  farmers  there  is 
no  doubt  of  what  would  happen  if  we  had  such  a 
primary  law  as  is  now  working  in  Oregon  or  in  Wis¬ 
consin.  With  such  an  opportunity  for  direct  nomina¬ 
tion  or  selection  President  Taft  would  lose  half  the 


THE  RUEIAL  NEW-YORKER 

delegates  to  the  next  national  convention.  They  would 
go  to  men  like  La  Follette  or  Garfield.  The  Demo¬ 
crats  understand  the  feeling  among  farmers  and  it  is 
astonishing  that  they  did  not  rise  to  the  occasion  and 
give  the  people  a  primary  law.  It  merely  shows  that 
the  Democratic  “leaders”  are  even  more  afraid  of 
such  a  law  than  the  Republicans  are.  Neither  set  of 
political  grafters  will  commit  political  suicide.  Now 
the  entire  hope  for  genuine  reform  and  clean  politics 
rests  upon  some  form  of  direct  control  of  candidates. 
It  is  now  evident  that  the  politicians  will  not  give  it 
to  us.  We  must  make  them  do  it.  This  can  be  done 
if  we  can  organize  and  make  the  Legislature  under¬ 
stand  that  we  mean  business.  The  New  Jersey  peo¬ 
ple  did  this  and  the  same  thing  can  be  done  in  New 
York  if  a  few  thousand  fighters  will  join  us  for  an 
open  battle  to  the  end. 

* 

The  U.  S.  Senate  finally  passed  the  Canadian  reci¬ 
procity  bill  by  a  vote  of  53  to  27.  It  had  previously 
passed  the  House  221  to  93.  Considering  party  lines, 
there  were  21  who  call  themselves  Republicans  and 
32  Democrats  in  favor,  and  24  Republicans  and  three 
Democrats  opposed.  Most  of  the  Republicans  who 
opposed  are  in  favor  of  a  lower  tariff  but  considered 
this  bill  unjust  to  farmers.  Geographically  the  op¬ 
position  comes  mostly  from  the  Far  West.  Only 
two  New  England  States,  Vermont  and  New  Hamp¬ 
shire,  opposed.  Michigan,  Illinois  and  Wisconsin  di¬ 
vided.  This  was  practically  all  the  Senate  opposi¬ 
tion  east  of  the  Mississippi.  We  were  informed  six 
weeks  ago  that  the  bill  was  sure  to  pass  by  a  vote  of 
two  to  one,  and  we  told  our  readers  the  truth  about 
it.  Some  of  the  farm  politicians  have  been  telling 
farmers  that  the  bill  would  surely  be  beaten.  They 
either  knew  nothing  about  it,  or  else  they  willfully 
deceived  their  people,  for  anyone  who  has  been  at 
the  capital  during  the  past  month  must  have  known 
that  there  was  no  possible  chance  of  defeating  the 
bill. 

As  it  stands  alone  this  reciprocity  agreement  is  un¬ 
just  to  farmers.  It  takes  from  them  the  only  “pro¬ 
tection”  that  ever  did  or  ever  would  do  them  any 
good,  while  it  retains  the  tariff  on  manufactured 
goods.  Standing  alone  it  would  compel  our  farmers 
along  the  border  to  sell  in  a  free  trade  market  and 
buy  needed  goods  at  high  tariff  prices.  But  it  will 
not  stand  alone !  Our  desire  is  to  give  readers  the 
facts  without  personal  feeling  or  prejudice.  We  have 
interviewed  many  Congressmen  so  as  to  learn  their 
personal  reasons  for  supporting  this  bill.  Many  of 
them  agree  that  the  border  farmers  are  justified  in 
feeling  that  they  are  unfairly  treated.  They  say, 
however,  that  a  vast  majority  of  the  American  peo¬ 
ple  demand  a  fair,  downward  revision  of  the  tariff. 
Of  all  the  methods  for  starting  such  revision  there 
was  nothing  practical  except  this  Canadian  reciprocity. 
Any  other  method  would  simply  have  started  us  on 
another  round  of  low  and  high  tariff  such  as  we 
have  always  had  before.  That  was  the  argument  ' 
which  carried  this  bill  through  Congress,  and  it  will 
be  followed  by  a  general  revision  which  will,  we  be¬ 
lieve,  help  us  all. 

We  give  you  what  we  have  found  to  he  the  truth 
about  the  passage  of  this  hill.  The  R.  N.-Y.  is  not 
known  as  a  quitter,  and  we  think  we  have  proved  our 
willingness  to  stand  for  farmers’  rights,  but  we  will 
all  do  well  to  face  the  fact  that  the  days  of  high 
tariff  are  numbered.  We  shall  learn  how  little  this 
tariff  has  really  helped  us  after  all.  Our  advice  is 
to  accept  the  situation,  give  the  new  law  a  fair  trial, 
and  devote  our  energies  to  the  middleman  question. 
We  must  make  a  fight  for  a  larger  share  of  the 
consumer’s  dollar,  and  we  can  get  it;  while  a  return 
to  a  high  tariff  is  now  out  of  the  question. 

* 

A  recent  strike  gave  the  English  people  a  notion 
of  what  would  happen  if  in  case  of  war  or  labor 
troubles  imports  of  food  were  held  up.  A  strike  of 
the  laborers  who  unload  vessels  made  it  impossible  to 
land  shipments  of  grain.  As  a  result  the  price  of 
bread  rose  steadily — there  being  but  a  few  days’  sup¬ 
ply  of  grain  and  flour  in  all  England.  The  Mark 
Lane  Express  says: 

But  the  chief  lesson  of  shipping  strikes  appears  to  be 
that  it  is  exceedingly  unwise  to  let  farmers’  grain  hold¬ 
ings  run  down  to  practical  depletion  just  for  want  of  a 
small  payment  by  the  State  for  the  grain  held  by  the 
farmer  in  stack.  This  payment  would  be  the  most  ef¬ 
fective  of  all  methods  of  keeping  a  standing  grain  re¬ 
serve.  No  warehouse  charges  would  be  entailed,  no  cost 
of  turning  the  grain  or  of  its  periodical  ventilation.  The 
distribution  all  over  the  country  -would  make  for  even 
supply  when  wanted.  There  is  little  doubt  that  farmers 
would  be  encouraged  to  grow  more  wheat  and  to  hold  it 
more  firmly ;  the  rush  to  sell  which  occurs  every  Autumn 
nowadays  would  be  much  abated. 

Thus  we  find  everywhere  the  same  idea  expressed. 
Farmers  are  at  a  disadvantage  because  their  land  and 


August  5, 

their  crops  are  not  considered  full  security  for  private 
loans.  With  government  aid  they  could  improve 
their  farms  and  handle  many  of  their  products  to 
better  advantage  than  now.  On  one  side  of  the  St. 
Lawrence  River  a  farmer  can  borrow  money  from 
his  government  with  which  to  drain  his  land.  The 
payments  are  made  like  taxes,  scattered  through  20 
years.  Across  the  river  in  this  country  a  farmer  on 
the  same  kind  of  land  cannot  obtain  a  drainage  loan 
from  the  government  or  in  most  cases  from  banks. 
If  there  is  any  force  in  drainage  arguments,  the 
Canadian  farmer  has  a  great  advantage. 

* 

Last  year  we  told  of  the  fine  work  done  by  the 
Minnesota  Experiment  Station  in  studying  the  cost 
of  producing  crops.  The  Nebraska  Station  now  re¬ 
ports  some  figures  from  that  State.  They  took 
figures  from  farms  located  in  different  parts  of  the 
State  and  averaged  them.  For  example,  344  farms 
reported  on  corn.  For  two  years  the  cost  of  grow¬ 
ing  an  acre  of  corn  averaged  $11.62.  The  yield  was 
39.3  bushels,  so  that  the  cost  per  bushel  was  29.6  cents. 
The  heaviest  charge  was  interest  and  taxes  (or  rent), 
amounting  to  $4.93.  In  getting  this  item  five  per 
cent  of  the  market  value  of  the  land  was  added  to 
the  taxes.  The  average  yield  of  corn  in  Nebraska 
is  25.8  bushels.  If  we  take  this  same  average  cost 
per  acre  this  would  mean  45  cents  per  bushel,  and 
you  must  add  five  cents  per  bushel  as  the  cost  of 
marketing!  An  average  of  31  reports  showed  that 
the  yield  was  34J4  bushels  per  acre  when  planted  be¬ 
fore  seeding  to  clover  or  Alfalfa,  and  68.2  bushels 
when  planted  on  clover  or  Alfalfa  sod.  The  cost  per 
acre  was  about  the  same  in  each  case,  as  were  also 
the  fixed  charges  of  fitting  the  land,  interest  and  taxes 
and  seed.  If  by  giving  better  culture  or  using  needed 
fertilizer  we  can  increase  the  yield  we  cut  down  the 
cost  of  pound  or  bushel. 

* 

There  seems  to  be  no  doubt  that  farming-  condi¬ 
tions  in  Great  Britain  are  better  than  in  years.  For¬ 
merly  there  was  a  steady  increase  of  the  land  in 
meadows  and  permanent  pastures.  This  meant  more 
and  more  land  taken  from  the  production  of  grain  or 
vegetable  food  and  a  great  increase  of  imported  food. 
Now  more  of  the  grass  lands  are  being  broken  up 
and  going  back  to  the  production  of  grain,  potatoes, 
vegetables  and  fruit.  There  are  many  reasons  for 
this  improved  condition.  Perhaps  the  most  important 
is  the  change  in  the  English  system  of  collecting  pub¬ 
lic  revenues.  At  intervals  there  have  been  move¬ 
ments  among  the  English  farmers  to  start  what  they 
call  “fair  trade.”  This  means  a  tariff  on  grain  and 
other  food  for  the  avowed  purpose  of  increasing  the 
price  of  the  product  of  British  farms,  and  thus  en¬ 
courage  British  farmers  to  grow  more  food.  Prob¬ 
ably  nowhere  in  the  world  could  such  arguments  be 
used  with  greater  force  than  in  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland,  yet  the  people  as  a  whole  have  never  seriously 
listened  to  them,  but  have  gone  steadily  on  closer  to 
a  free  trade  basis.  This  means  more  and  more  a  re¬ 
sort  to  direct  taxation  in  order  to  raise  public  reven¬ 
ues.  They  are  apparently  coming  nearer  and  nearer 
to  the  principle  of  the  Henry  George  theory  of  taxa¬ 
tion  of  land  values.  As  a  result  of  this  many  of  the 
old  English  land  proprietors  are  unable  to  hold  their 
large  estates  in  the  form  of  parks  or  pleasure  grounds, 
These  are  therefore  being  broken  up  and  sold.  This 
gives  many  tenant  farmers  a  chance  to  own  their 
farms — a  chance  denied  them  under  the  old  system. 
Town  people  are  also  buying  land — in  fact  the  change 
in  the  British  system  of  taxing  land  values  has 
started  a  “back  to  the  land”  movement.  Thus  the  out¬ 
look  for  British  farming  was  never  better,  while  this 
direct  taxation  has  made  a  surplus  of  public  money. 


BREVITIES. 

The  first  woman  to  practice  law  in  Argentina  has  qual¬ 
ified. 

A  train  of  130  cars  carrying  1,000,000  pounds  of  canta¬ 
loupes  recently  left  California  for  Chicago. 

The  olive  crop  of  Spain  is  short.  Now  watch  for  news¬ 
paper  stories  of  “olives”  made  of  unripe  plum  and  peach. 

Now  we  learn  that  women  farmers  are  to  hold  a  con¬ 
vention.  Ten  to  one  there  will  not  be  a  genuine  “Nell 
Beverly”  in  the  lot. 

Co-operation  !  In  California  the  packing  houses  join 
in  the  fight  against  insect  pests.  At  Redlands  nine  such 
houses  join  growers  in  fighting  scale. 

It  is  stated  that  the  first  veterinary  school  was  estab¬ 
lished  at  Lyons,  France,  in  1761.  Since  then  many  na¬ 
tions,  including  Abyssinia,  have  started  schools. 

The  English  farm  papers  advertise  a  tool  apparently 
somewhat  like  a  post  hole  digger  for  boring  down  into 
stacks  or  mows  of  hay.  .  It  cuts  out  a  round  six-inch  hole 
or  well. 

For  many  reasons  late  Summer  and  Fall  is  the  best 
season  for  draining  land.  The  land  is  dry,  and  after  the 
harvest  there  is  usually  a  lull  in  farm  work.  Ditches 
dug  now  give  heavy  land  a  good  chance  to  dry  out. 


805 


1911. 

OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 
Gigantic  Fraud  Say  the  Judges. 

The  opinion  of  the  court  in  the  Lewis 
creditors’  suit  was  read  by  Judge  Smith 
McPherson,  who  sat  with  Judge  Dyer 
in  the  case.  Following  is  text  of  the 
opinion : 

We  have  here  a  bill  in  equity  brought  by 
something  like  twenty  complainants  aga^st 
as  many  individual  defendants,  joined  with 
six  or  more  corporations. 

The  contest  before  us  has  been  between 
the  complainants  and  the  Reorganization 
Committee,  formed  by  some  of  the  stock¬ 
holders  of  one  or  more  of  the  defendant 
corporations.  The  bill  of  complaint  is  more 
than  130  pages  in  length.  The  point  is 
made  by  motion,  equivalent  to  a  plea  in 
abatement,  that  the  court  is  without  juris¬ 
diction  for  the  appointment  of  a  receiver. 
Most  of  the  complainants  are  asserting  a 
right  to  a  money  demand  of  less  than  $2,000 
each,  but  at  least  two  of  the  complainants 
have  claims  greater  than  $2,000 :  one  of 
them,  however,  has  voluntarily  withdrawn 
from  the  case.  But  he  went  out  of  the  case 
after  the  court  had  acquired  jurisdiction. 

\s  one  complainant  has  a  money  demand 
against  one  of  the  defendants  named,  and 
another  complainant  against  another  de¬ 
fendant,  and  other  complainants  against 
other  defendants,  it  is  suggested  that  the 
bill  of  complaint  is  multifarious,  and  that 
such  matters  can  not  be  joined  in  one  suit 
in  equity. 

Most  Gigantic  Fraud. 

This  lengthy  bill  of  complaint  has  been 
read  with  as  much  care  as  the  time  would 
permit,  and  the  bill  recites  a  marvelous 
story.  If  this  bill  of  complaint  recites  the 
truth,  or  if  a  small  per  cent,  of  the  recitals 
are  the  truth,  then  we  have  for  considera¬ 
tion  one  of  the  most  gigantic  frauds  that 
has  been  perpetrated  in  many  a  day. 

Commencing  approximately  ten  years  ago, 
the  defendant,  Edward  G.  Lewis,  utterly  in¬ 
solvent,  has  handled  many  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  dollars  of  money  and  millions 
of  dollars  of  paper  in  the  form  of  notes, 
bonds,  debentures,  trust  deeds  and  securi¬ 
ties.  If  the  recitals  of  this  bill  are  to  be 
believed  (and  as  yet  they  are  not  contro¬ 
verted),  the  South  Sea  bubble,  of  which 
Washington  Irving  so  beautifully  wrote,  has 
been  well-nigh  equaled,  if  not  eclipsed,  by 
the  schemes  during  the  last  decade  of  the 
defendant,  Edward  G.  Lewis.  If  this  story 
is  worthy  of  credence,  the  Panama  stock 
and  bond'  scandal  of  France  of  fifteen  years 
ago  has  been  equaled,  if  not  surpassesd. 

One  corporation  would  be  organized,  ac¬ 
companied  by  the  most  flaming  and  glitter¬ 
ing  bulletins,  dodgers,  circular  letters  and 
advertisements,  informing  the  people  how 
they  could  get  rich  over  night,  and  make 
money  in  fabulous  sums  by  the  investment 
of  their  meager  savings. 

One  corporation  would  progress  sometimes 
but  for  a  few  months,  and  in  no  instance 
for  longer  than  two  or  three  years,  when 
something  better  is  announced,  investors  ad¬ 
vised  to  have  evidence  of  indebtedness  sur¬ 
rendered  and  changed  in  form,  and  another 
corporation  would  be  organized.  Magazines 
were  brought  into  being  and  sold  to  sub¬ 
scribers  at  a  nominal  rate,  resulting  in 
thousands  of  tons  of  such  literature  being 
carried  through  the  United  States  mails  in 
the  City  and  County  of  St.  Louis  free  of 
transportation  charges,  and  sent  to  all  parts 
of  the  United  States  for  a  cent  a  pound. 

The  ostensible  purpose  of  these  magazines 
and  papers  was  for  the  purpose  of  publish¬ 
ing  literature  of  the  highest  order,  but  in 
truth  and  in  fact  for  fhe  advertising  of  the 
schemes  of  the  enterprise  of  the  defendant, 
Lewis. 

At  the  commencement  of  his  career  Lewis 
was  not  worth  a  dollar.  He  has  collected 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars,  a  part  of 
which  was  for  his  own  use  and  benefit,  and 
many  times  that  sum  for  the  investment  in 
buildings,  machinery,  real  estate  and  the 
building  of  additions  to  the  City  of  St. 
Louis.  One  of  his  schemes  was  for  the  cre¬ 
ation  of  a  college  or  university,  partly  to 
be  devoted  to  oral  teaching,  but  largely  to 
teaching  by  mail.  Stock  was  subscribed  by 
persons  from  all  over  the  country.  Some 
stock  would  be  issued,  but  additional  and 
more  promises  for  the  issue  of  stock  at  some 
future  day. 

By  the  time  the  stock  was  to  be  issued  a 
new  scheme  would  be  devised  and  stock  or 
bonds  in  many  corporations  promised.  Some 
of  these  corporations  were  organized  under 
the  laws  of  the  State  of  Missouri,  and  were 
organized  in  utter  defiance  of  the  laws  and 
constitution  of  the  State.  Other  corpora¬ 
tions  were  organized  under  the  laws  of  the 
State  of  South  Dakota,  the  purpose  thereby 
being  to  circumvent  the  laws  of  the  State 
of  Missouri. 

The  place  of  business  was  to  be  at  or  ad¬ 
joining  the  City  of  St.  Louis  in  the  State  of 
Missouri. 

All  Promises  Broken. 

Boards  of  directors  would  be  elected,  or 
rather  named  on  paper,  and  in  some  in¬ 
stances  boards  of  directors  of  some  of  the 
defendant  corporations  have  never  held  a 
meeting  and  yet  records  were  made  up  as  if 
said  corporations  had  been  legally  organized 
and  the  business  carried  on  by  and  through 
regular  meetings  of  the  boards  of  directors 
and  other  officers. 

People  to  the  number  of  tens  of  thou¬ 
sands,  and  these  tens  of  thousands  multi¬ 
plied  many  times,  subscribed  for  stock  and 
bonds  and  other  securities  of  some  of  these 
defendant  corporations.  The  comp1  unants, 
if  the  allegations  of  the  bill  are  true,  parted 
with  their  money  and  have  never  received  a 
farthing  in  return,  either  principal  or  inter¬ 
est.  Not  one  promise  made  to  them  has 
been  observed. 

The  organization  of  these  many  corpora¬ 
tions  has  been  for  the  purpose  of  creating 
an  endless  chain  to  the  end  that  the  people 
parting  with  their  money  could  not  tell 
where  the  chain  commenced  and  where  it 
would  end. 

The  bill  recites,  in  fact,  that  how  much 
indebtedness  any  one  of  these  defendant 
corporations  owes  cannot  be  ascertained 
within  a  reasonable  time.  Accountants  were 
employed,  and  after  spending  much  time, 
had  to  cease  their  work  for  lack  of  money 
to  pay  them  for  their  work.  During  the 
oral  arguments  each  of  us  asked  many  ques- 


THE  F£UR-A-I> 

tions  trying  to  elicit  what  the  indebtedness 
of  any '  one  corporation  amounts  to,  and 
what  the  assets  of  such  corporations  aggre¬ 
gate  All  of  such  questions  resulted  in  ac¬ 
quiring  no  information  of  a  tangible  or  sub¬ 
stantial  character. 

Corporations  a  Mere  Sham. 

One  of  the  defendants,  a  bank,  has  a  cer¬ 
tificate  of  deposit  of  $80,000  which  has  just 
matured,  and  it  is  now  claimed  that  a  court 
of  equity  should  construe  that  certificate  of 
deposit  into  a  mere  receipt  for  some  bills  re¬ 
ceivable,  and  that  there  is,  by  reason  there¬ 
of,  no  money  demand. 

One  corporation  swallows  the  assets  of 
another  corporation,  and  in  turn  the  assets 
of  that  corporation  are  swallowed  by  still 
another.  ,  ,  , 

The  truth  is,  if  this  bill  is  to  be  believed, 
there  is  no  valid  corporation,  and  has  been 
none.  Every  one  of  the  defendant  corpora¬ 
tions  has  been  organized  as  a  mere  sham 
and  pretense — nothing  in  the  world  but  a 
cloak  to  cover  the  purposes  of  the  defend¬ 
ant,  Edward  G.  Lewis.  The  matters,  of 
course,  have  not  yet  been  investigated.  To 
properly  state  an  account  between  the  so- 
called  defendants  would  require  the  work 
of  accountants  and  a  master  in  chancery 
for  a  considerable  period  of  time. 

But  one  thing  is  certain,  if  the  allega¬ 
tions  of  this  bill  are  to  be  believed — no  mat¬ 
ter  by  what  name  the  defendant  may  be 
called,  in  truth  and  in  fact  such  name  is 
but  an  adopted  name  given  to  himself  by  the 
defendant,  Edward  G.  Lewis,  and  while  it 
is  true  that  some  of  these  claims  on  paper 
that  some  one  of  the  defendants  had  issued 
them  might  apparently  create  a  cause  of 
action  in  favor  of  a  particular  complainant 
against  a  particular  defendant,  yet  in  truth 
and  in  fact  these  liabilities  are  each,  all  and 
every  one,  the  liability  of  the  defendant,  Ed¬ 
ward  G.  Lewis,  by  whatever  name  he  may  be 
called,  covered  by  whatsoever  garb  he  may 
wear,  and  regardless  of  where  the  legal  title 
of  certain  assets,  real  or  fictitious,  may  have 
been  placed. 

Considering  the  bill  of  complaint  in  this 
light,  it  is  not  multifarious,  but  is  a  cause 
of  action  in  favor  of  one  plaintiff  against 
the  defendant,  Lewis,  and  for  the  uncover¬ 
ing  of  property,  some  of  which  has  been 
placed  in  one  name,  and  other  assets  or 
other  property  placed  in  other  defendants’ 
names. 

All  Creditors  May  File  Claims. 

Whether  all  creditors  should  share  pro 
rata  in  all  of  the  assets  now  standing  in  the 
name  of  all  defendants  is  not  as  yet  a  ques¬ 
tion  before  the  court  for  decision.  But  the 
power  of  a  court  of  equity  is  very  great. 
The  power  of  a  court  of  equity  is  so  great 
that  it  can  strip  those  coverings  down  and 
expose  all  assets  to  the  view  and  inspection 
of  the  court,  so  that  the  court  can  then  de¬ 
termine  whether  the  creditors  shall  share  in 
the  recovered  property  pro  rata,  or  whether 
they  shall  be  distributed  among  the  cred¬ 
itors  on  some  other  basis. 

We  are  of  the  opinion  that  the  bill  of 
complaint  states  a  cause  of  action  which 
places  the  matter  within  the  power  and  jur¬ 
isdiction  of  this  court  to  determine.  We 
are  of  the  opinion  that  there  should  be  a 
master  in  chancery  appointed  to  investi¬ 
gate  these  matters,  to  the  end  that  these 
assets  of  all  these  insolvent  defendants  may 
be  collected  and  disposed  of  as  equity  and 
good  conscience  may  require. 

As  the  assets  of  one  of  these  corporations 
has  already  been  placed  in  the  hands  of  a 
receiver  appointed  by  this  court,  we  are  of 
the  opinion  that  a  receiver  should  be  ap¬ 
pointed  to  take  charge  of  all  the  assets  of  all 
these  defendants  in  any  way  connected  with 
any  of  these  enterprises,  and  that  the  same 
be  reduced  to  money.  To  avoid  conflicts; 
to  avoid  controversies  between  many  re¬ 
ceivers  appointed  the  same  receiver  appoint¬ 
ed  in  the  one  case  already  should  be  ap¬ 
pointed  as  receiver  in  this  case,  to  the  end 
that  such  conflicts  and  complexities  and  con¬ 
fusions  may  be  avoided.  And  such  will  be 
the  order. 

John  W.  Williams  and  his  reorganiza¬ 
tion  committee  are  wiped  out  of  exist¬ 
ence  by  this  decree  of  the  court.  He 
and  the  trust  company  are  compelled  to 
surrender  all  assets  at  once  and  they 
and  their  agents  and  attorney  are  re¬ 
strained  and  enjoined.  The  opinion 
shows  what  the  court  thought  of  the 
reorganization  plan.  All  creditors  have 
a  right  now  to  demand  the  papers  sent 
to  Lewis,  Williams  or  the  trust  company. 
You  can  do  this  through  your  local  at¬ 
torney  or  through  us  or  through  Claud 
D.  Hall,  705  Olive  street,  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
who  is  the  attorney  of  all  creditors  in 
this  case. 


A  Snap  Judgment. 

After  reading  the  above  denounce¬ 
ment  of  the  Lewis  schemes  by  the  Fed¬ 
eral  court  in  his  district,  many  readers 
will  be  surprised  with  the  results  of 
the  previous  day  in  the  local  court,  as 
intimated  in  the  following  letter: 

Gentlemen — I  have  just  read  of  the  farce 
in  St.  Louis  in  which  the  Faker  is  awarded 
$30,000  damages  against  you.  I  can  hardly 
believe  that  justice  can  be  so  trampled  as 
to  allow  this  verdict  to  stand,  but  if  it  does 
I  hope  I  may  have  the  pleasure  of  helping 
you  to  pay  it.  As  a  citizen  who  believes 
that,  even  though  the  people  love  to  be 
humbugged,  they  should  not  be  allowed  to 
satisfy  their  craving,  I  want  to  protest 
against  the  seeming  prosperity  of  any  such 
gigantic  faker  as  this  fellow  has  proven 
himself  to  be. 

I  hope  you  will  in-  no  wise  be  deterred  in 
your  good  work  of  exposing  such  men,  and 
shall  be  very  glad  to  contribute  my  little 
mite  to  the  good  work.  You  deserve  the 
heartiest  commendation  for  the  work  you 
have  done  in  this  way,  and  I  trust  nothing 
will  occur  to  interfere  in  any  way  with  this 
feature  of  The  Rural  New-Yorker’s  mis¬ 
sion.  It  is  a  badly  needed  work  that 
most  of  the  periodicals  are  too  cowardly  to 
undertake,  and  your  praise  should  there¬ 
fore  be  the  greater.  Yours  very  truly, 
Illinois.  l.  e.  h. 

For  some  weeks  past  the  publisher  of 


NEW-YORKER 

The  R.  N.-Y.  has  been  laid  up  with  an 
infected  abscess  of  the  inner  ear,  which 
entirely  incapacitated  him  for  business 
of  any  kind,  and  has  required  contin¬ 
uous  treatment  of  a  specialist  in  the 
hope  of  recovering  the  lost  sense  of 
hearing,  which  fortunately  is  now  prom¬ 
ising.  He  was  the  author  of  the 
alleged  libel,  and  the  principal  witness 
of  the  defence,  and  none  of  his  asso¬ 
ciates  was  familiar  enough  with  the 
matter  to  help  prepare  a  trial  or  to  give 
competent  testimony.  Having  discov¬ 
ered  this  condition,  and  anticipating  the 
verdict  in  the  Federal  court,  the  Lewis 
crowd  at  St.  Louis  thought  it  an  op¬ 
portune  time  to  make  the  most  of  their 
alleged  libel  suit.  They  accordingly 
awoke  from  their  lethargy  and  de¬ 
manded  trial  at  once.  Certificates  from 
doctors  in  attendance  were  forwarded, 
and  it  was  naturally  supposed  that  the 
matter  would  be  put  over  until  it  was 
possible  to  try  it  on  its  merits.  Mr. 
Lewis  has  severely  denounced  what  he 
calls  one-sided  trials.  But  they  suc¬ 
ceeded  in  having  the  motion  overruled, 
and  not  until  the  one-sided  trial  was 
all  over  did  we  get  word  that  a  verdict 
of  $30,000  had  been  returned  in  their 
favor.  It  is  unthinkable  that  such  a 
judgment  should  stand,  and  a  new  trial 
or  an  appeal  is  involved. 

Publishers  usually  do  not  print  such 
reports  in  their  own  papers,  but  we 
have  nothing  to  withhold  from  our 
friends.  If  this  practice  were  to  stand 
any  exposed  crook  might  sue  the  pub¬ 
lisher  who  exposes  him,  and  force,  the 
annoyance  and  expense  of  a  suit  in  a 
distant  State.  As  in  this  case,  the 
basis  of  the  suit  may  not  be  the  charge 
of  fraud,  but  some  little  technicality 
extracted  from  the  discussion  of  the 
fraud.  We  confess  that  such  expense 
comes  rather  high  for  a  paper  of  The 
R.  N.-Y.’s  proportions,  but  while  we  ap¬ 
preciate  more  than  we  can  express  the 
ready  offer  of  our  friends  to  share  them, 
we  propose  to  show  that  a  paper  can 
successfully  meet  them  through  the  na¬ 
tural  patronage  of  the  people  benefited. 
We  went  into  this  matter  voluntarily 
for  the  benefit  of  the  country  people 
generally.  We  have  no  regrets,  and 
no  reason  to  change  or  revise  our 
policy  of  protecting  our  friends  from 
schemers  and  crooks.  When  we  began  to 
show  him  up,  his  schemes  were  in  full 
swing.  We  got  back  about  $2,000  for  our 
people  before  Lewis  realized  that  the 
more  he  paid,  the  more  demands  there 
were  for  redress.  He  then  refused  all  pay¬ 
ment.  It  is  estimated  that  Lewis  got  from 
eight  to  ten  million  dollars  from  coun¬ 
try  people,  but  no  man  can  tell  what 
loss  and  suffering  has  been  saved 
other  innocent  people  through  the  show¬ 
ing  up  of  his  fraudulent  schemes,  and 
the  assurance  of  certain  loss  to  anyone 
who  parted  with  money  to  him.  So  that 
while  the  burden  is  a  little  heavy,  it  is 
well  worth  all  it  costs.  This  paper  is  run 
for  the  people  who  make  it  possible — its 
subscribers.  Imperfectly  we  admit,  but 
honestly  run  for  that  purpose.  It  will 
continue  to  be  so  run,  and  it  will  suc¬ 
ceed.  Deception  and  fraud  will  not 
permanently  triumph  over  truth  and 
justice.  If  a  paper  cannot  assume  some 
risk  and  expense  for  the  protection  of 
its  subscribers,  when  it  sees  them  de¬ 
liberately  swindled,  we  cannot  see  any 
crying  need  for  its  existence.  We 
would  rather  that  The  R.  N.-Y.  go  out 
of  existence  than  that  in  the  knowledge 
of  fraud  it  remain  in  silent  conspiracy 
with  the  rogues  who  plunder  the  people 
it  is  pledged  to  protect. 

DIARY  OF  FARM  WORK. 

A  Day  in  California. 

Tuesday,  June  27. — A  typical  California 
Summer  day,  clear  and  sunny,  with  the 
light,  cool  trade  wind  from  San  Francisco 
Bay  tempering  the  heat  that  might  in  the 
middle  of  the  day  be  oppressive  otherwise* 
Arose  at  5  o’clock  to  pick  some  berries  on 
our  family  rows  near  the  house  while  it 
was  still  cool.  We  have  on  these  family 
rows  Phenomenal,  Logan,  Mammoth  black¬ 
berry  and  Seedless  blackberry,  also  Superla¬ 
tive  Herbert  and  Plum  Farmer  raspberries. 
At  6  o’clock  I  built  a  fire  in  the  cook  stove, 
then  fed  the  horses  in  the  corral  barley  . hay. 
These  animals  consist  of  Mrs.  Keesling’s 
ponv  Dolly  (which  she  or  any  of  the  family 
down  to  our  six-year-old  granddaughter 
Carol  may  drive  anywhere),  a  three-year-old 
black  colt  Dandy,  now  learning  to  work,  and 
my  driving  mare  Trixie.  The  span  of  mules, 
Lize  and  Daze,  and  a  four-year-old  filly 
Beauty,  are  kept  at  another  barn  by  the 
house  where  our  hired  man  Thomas  lives. 
After  milking  the  two  Jersey  cows  kept  in  a 
large  corral  under  two  large  sycamore  trees, 
breakfast  was  ready.  The  berries  picked 
this  morning  together  with  a  chest  picked, 
vesterday  at  our  Edenvale  place  ‘‘Five  Oaks.” 
were  put  In  the  spring  wagon  and  hitching 
up  Trixie  I  delivered  these  and  some  lo- 
quats  at  various  places  about  San  Jose. 

While  this  was  going  on  Thomas  was 
hauling  two  loads  of  gravel  from  our  pit 
to  the  blacksmith’s  house,  about  two  miles 
away,  after  which  he  hauled  loam  from  the 
roadside  to  the  gravel  pit,  thus  improving 
the  road  and  filling  our  pit  with  good  soil, 
which  will  make  a  fine  garden  by  and  by. 


After  returning  from  delivering  berries  I 
worked  in  the  garden  and  helped  Mrs. 
Keesling  can  some  cherries.  Thomas  quit 
work  at  the  hauling  in  time  to  go  down  to 
our  Live  Oak  place,  one  mile  north,  and 
get  our  spray  outfit  in  readiness  to  go  to 
“Five  Oaks”  at  Edenvale  to-morrow  to 
spray  apple  treees. 

At  7  p.  m.  Trixie  was  hitched  to  the  sur¬ 
rey  and  we  started  to  Campbell,  2%  miles 
southwest,  where  on  the  second  and  fourth 
Tuesdays  of  each  month  Orchard  City 
Grange  has  regular  meetings.  These  meet¬ 
ings  are  well  attended  by  the  best  farmers 
and  fruit  growers,  where  besides  the  cul¬ 
tivating  of  our  social  natures  whereby 
a  higher  and  better  manhood  and  woman¬ 
hood  may  be  grown  in  us,  we  have  much 
practical  talk  about  our  farm  business, 
comparing  methods  of  work  and  prices  of 
products.  Orchard  City  Grange  will  cele¬ 
brate  a  sane  Fourth  of  July  under  the  oaks 
and  elms  at  “Five  Oaks,”  passing  the  time 
with  patriotic  songs  and  recitations,  thus 
promoting  patriotism  and  good  fellowship 
in  a  quiet  and  peaceful  way. 

HORACE  G.  KEESLING. 

On  a  Small  Fruit  Farm. 

There  is  one  thing  in  your  farm  diary 
lacking,  that,  to  my  mind,  is  very  essential"; 
that  is  a  short  description  of  the  farm 
■where  the  work  is  performed  and  the  why 
and  wherefore. 

July  3. — Thermometer  registering  86  de¬ 
grees  in  the  shade  at  7  a.  m. ;  hitched  on 
the  10-tooth  riding  cultivator  and  finished 
cultivating  the  grapes ;  went  twice  in  the 
row  and  did  two  acres  by  10  a.  m.  Ther¬ 
mometer  up  to  96  degrees  in  the  shade,  too 
hot  for  beast  and  man.  The  girls  have 
been  picking  red  raspberries,  but  theyalso 
stopped  picking  when  they  saw  that  I  was 
stopping  work.  This  is  a  fruit  and  flower 
farm  consisting  of  13  acres  and  greenhouses 
(10,000  square  feet  of  glass  covering  7,500 
square  feet  of  ground).  The  greenhouses  are 
rented  at  present,  I  being  too  old  and  not 
well  enough  to  attend  to  them  any  longer, 
especially  in  the  Winter.  The  rest  of  the 
farm  is  occupied  with  grapes,  red  and  black 
raspberries,  one  acre  asparagus,  60  sour 
cherries,  18  apples,  six  pears  and  20  sweet 
cherries,  pamnies,  Narcissus,  herbaceous 
flowers.  Gladiolus,  hardy  roses,  shrubs,  etc. 

My  wife,  two  daughters  and  myself,  with 
one  horse,  cultivate  and  market  the  product, 
and  we  calculate  and  intend  not  to  work 
more  than  eight  hours  a  day,  and  by  doing 
so  six  days  every  week  we  can  do  it  with¬ 
out  hurry.  Of  course,  at  the  grape  har¬ 
vest  we  have  to  have  additional  pickers. 
The  time  when  we  worked  from  12  to  15 
hours  a  day  is  past,  but  we  did  it  and 
know  what  it  means. 

At  3  p.  m.  I  went  out  again  and  drew 
two  loads  of  well  composted  manure  and 
spread  the  same  in  four  furrows  for  the 
purpose  of  planting  eucvimber  pickles.  This 
was  a  three-year-old  strawberry  bed,  from 
which  we  had  gathered  two  crops.  The 
plants  were  set  in  rows  four  feet  apart, 
the  rows  were  allowed  to  grow  two  feet 
wide.  By  plowing  it  we  split  the  row  and 
throwing  the  furrows  in  the  alley  we  get 
four  open  furrows.  After  the  manure  Is 
drawn  in,  we  take  the  Acme  harrow,  go  up 
and  down  as  often  as  necessary.  This  fills 
the  furrow  with  fine  soil ;  then  take  culti¬ 
vator,  mix  the  soil  and  manure,  and  plant 
the  cucumbers  in  a  row,  thinning  out  after 
the  bugs  to  18  inches,  and  usually  get  the 
cucumbers.  g.  schoenfeld. 

Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y. 

An  Alfalfa  Farm  in  Alabama. 

July  14. — As  the  sun  is  just  well  up  the 
negroes  go  to  the  field.  I  am  giving  cot¬ 
ton  its  last  working.  I  feed  the  60  Spring 
pigs  their  soaked  corn.  They  are  happy  10 
months  of  the  year  on  Alfalfa  pasture.  The 
darkies  have  breakfast  in  the  field  about 
7.30  o’clock.  Taking  off  200  sections  of 
Sweet  clover  honey  and  returning  the  su¬ 
pers  keeps  me  busy  most  of  the  morning. 
At  9.30  one  hand  begins  raking  Alfalfa 
cut  the  day  before.  These  long  days  we 
take  two  hours  for  dinner.  At  noon  two 
negroes  come  for  their  “advances.”  Many 
negro  renters  prefer  to  pay  the  customary 
25  per  cent  rather  than  be  “carried”  by 
local  merchants.  After  noon  we  begin  bal¬ 
ing  Alfalfa.  One  team  brings  the  hay 
directly  from  the  windrow  to  the  press 
with  a  “push”  rake.  One  team  and  three 
men  work  the  press,  while  one  team  con¬ 
tinues  raking.  This  is  the  third  cutting 
for  this  season,  with  two  more  to  follow. 
Alfalfa  is  to  be  the  leading  crop,  in  time, 
on  this  strong  limestone  soil,  as  it  thrives 
wonderfully  and  markets  are  good.  Al¬ 
ready  over  100  cars  have  been  shipped  this 
year,  while  three  years  ago  there  was  none. 
At  five  p.  m.  team  finishes  raking  and 
hauls  baled  hay  to  barn.  r.  b.  h. 

Dancy,  Ala. 

A  Gardener  in  Tennessee. 

July  15. — About  five  a.  m.  I  built  the 
kitchen  fire,  got  water,  cut  the  meat  for 
the  madam,  fed  three  horses,  16  hogs  and 
a  few  chickens,  about  30.  Breakfast  at 

6.30.  After  breakfast  cut  weeds  for  hogs, 
about  an  hour,  got  roasting  ears  for  din¬ 
ner.  went  to  hoeing  at  8.30.  Hoed  till 

11.30,  got  onions  and  tomatoes  for  dinner. 

After  dinner  hoeing  tomatoes  till  three, 
then  picked  tomatoes  till  six  p.  m.  After 
supper  watered  and  fed  the  horses,  also  cut 
more  weeds  for  hogs,  watered  and  fed  them 
corn ;  at  7.30  took  bath,  at  eight  p.  m. 
was  ready  for  bed.  As  you  will  see  from 
the  above  statement  I  am  more  of  a  mar¬ 
ket  gardener  than  a  grain  farmer,  al¬ 
though  I  raise  corn  and  hay.  Our  son  was 
plowing  tomatoes,  as  we  have  them  all 
staked  and  tied  up ;  cultivate  and  pick  for 
market  at  the  same  time  as  we  like  to 
have  them  well  cultivated.  H.  L.  M. 

A  Nebraska  Day. 

Report  of  this  day’s  doings  on  our  Lake- 
view  farm  :  5  o’clock  a.  m.,  time  of  rising ; 

5.15,  starting  to  milk;  5.40,  separate  the 
milk  ;  6.10,  feeding  horses  and  other  stock ; 
6.20,  getting  horses  ready  for  workmen ; 
6.40,  breakfast;  7.10.  hitching  horses  to 
cultivators  and  starting  for  the  field ;  9.30, 
lunch  and  lemonade  in  the  field  ;  11.20, 
going  home  for  dinner;  11.35,  enjoying  a 
square  meal  at  dinner ;  12  noon,  arrival 
of  U.  S.  mail  by  carrier;  12.10  p.  m„  read¬ 
ing  news;  1.30,  starting  for  the  cornfield; 
4  p.  m.,  lunch  and  lemonade ;  6,  starting  for 
home  from  the  field;  6.30.  eating  supper; 
7  milking  •  7.30,  separating  the  milk ;  8, 
finishing  feeding  stock ;  8.30,  visiting  a  near¬ 
by  neighbor ;  9.30,  arrived  home ;  enjoying 
end  of  a  strenuous  Summer  day. 

Pierce  Co.,  Neb.  chas.  lederer,  sr. 


806 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

“YET  IF  IIIS  MAJESTY,  OUR  SOV¬ 
EREIGN  LORD.” 

Y'et  if  Ills  Majesty,  our  sovereign  lord, 
Should  of  his  own  accord 
Friendly  himself  invite, 

And  say,  “I’ll  be  your  guest  to-morrow 
night.” 

How  should  we  stir  ourselves,  call  and 
command 

“All  hands  to  work  !  Let  no  idle  man  stand. 

“Set  me  fine  Spanish  tables  in  the  hall, 

See  they  be  fitted  all ; 

Let  there  be  room  to  eat, 

And  order  taken  that  there  want  no  meat. 
See  every  sconce  and  candlestick  made 
bright, 

That  without  tapers  they  may  give  a  light. 

“Look  to  the  presence ;  are  the  carpets 
spread, 

The  dazio  o’er  the  head, 

The  cushions  on  the  chair, 

And  all  the  candles  lighted  on  the  stair? 
Perfume  the  chambers,  and  in  any  case 
Let  each  man  give  attendance  to  his  place !” 

Thus,  if  the  king,  were  coming,  would  we  do| 
And  ’twere  good  reason  too ; 

For  'tis  a  duteous  thing 
To  show  all  honor  to  an  earthly  king. 

And  after  all  our  travail  and  our  cost, 

So  he  be  pleased,  to  think  no  labor  lost. 

I 

Rut  at  the  coming  of  the  King  of  Heaven 
All’s  set  at  six  and  seven ; 

We  wallow  in  our  sin, 

Christ  cannot  find  a  chamber  in  the  inn. 

We  entertain  Ilim  always  like  a  stranger, 
And,  as  at  first,  still  lodge  Him  in  a  man¬ 
ger. 

— Old  English  Manuscript. 

* 

Waists  of  white  voile  or  marquisette 
embroidered  in  bands  of  crewel  em¬ 
broidery  are  shown  as  the  newest  fash¬ 
ionable  model.  The  embroidery  is 
worked  just  as  it  was  done  on  canvas, 
shaded  colors,  sometimes  quite  bright, 
but  harmonizing,  being  used.  The 
crewel  embroidery  is  also  used  for  dress 
trimming. 


THE  RURAL, 

Pickerel  is  a  fish  that  varies  greatly 
in  quality  according  to  the  place  it  comes 
from,  whether  a  muddy  shallow  pool 
or  some  deep  cold  spring-fed  sheet  of 
water.  It  can  be  improved,  too,  by 
cooking,  and  here  is  how  they  prepare  it 
in  Maine :  Clean  the  fish  nicely  and 
split  it  down  the  back.  Split  it  under 
the  backbone,  removing  that  and  most  of 
the  small  ribs.  Then  rub  with  fine  salt, 
putting  most  of  it  on  the  thickest  part 
of  the  flesh.  Fold  the  fish  together,  or 
lay  two  fish  together,  flesh  to  flesh, 
and  leave  it  several  hours,  or  over  night. 
When  ready  to  cook  it,  wash  clean, 
spread  out  on  a  wire  broiler,  and  cook 
before  a  hot  fire.  When  fully  cooked 
on  both  sides  spread  freely  with  butter, 
and  serve.  It  is  said  that  pickerel 
cooked  in  this  way  is  very  good  cold, 

which  cannot  be  said  of  all  fish. 

* 

The  Bureau  of  Plant  Introduction  of 
the  Department  of  Agriculture  in  a  re¬ 
cent  note  discussed  the  clove  industry 
of  Zanzibar.  This  district  furnishes 
from  90  to  95  per  cent  of  the  cloves 
of  the  world,  but  mainly  for  oil  produc¬ 
tion,  and  not  for  the  spice,  which  comes 
from  Penang.  The  trees  for  the  first 
three  years  are  almost  impossible  to 
grow,  but  after  they  are  once  established 
are  almost  impossible  to  kill.  They 
grow  like  a  pear  tree  with  erect 
branches;  the  olive-like  fruit,  which  has 
two  seeds,  has  very  little  oil,  but  the 
seeds  have  started  germination  before 
they  fall.  The  fruits  are  sometimes 
planted  immediately  on  falling,  and  at 
other  times  thrown  in  piles  and  allowed 
to  ferment,  which  they  do  very  quickly, 
before  planting.  The  spice  is  the  unex¬ 
panded  dried  flowers  of  the  clove  tree. 


NEW-YORKER 

the  next  day.  Remove  from  boiler,  or 
not,  as  happens  to  be  most  convenient. 
On  second  day  loosen  tops;  repeat  the 
steaming;  tighten  tops  and  let  stand  an¬ 
other  24  hours.  Repeat  the  process  on 
the  third  day  and  then,  after  thoroughly 
tightening  the  tops  as  the  cans  cool, 
let  stand  two  or  three  days  before  test¬ 
ing  for  leakage  and  storing  away  in  a 
cool  and  dark  place.  The  cooking  for 
three  short  periods  in  a  closed  container 
at  a  comparatively  low  temperature  in¬ 
stead  of  one  short  period  at  a  high  tem¬ 
perature  or  a  longer  period  in  an  open 
vessel  makes  the  vital  difference,  and 
insures  freshness  of  color  and  flavor. 

It  must  be  understood,  however,  that 
the  one  hour  period  is  for  pint  and 
quart  cans  and  if  two-quart  cans  are 
used  the  boiling  or  steaming  periods 
must  be  an  hour  and  a  half  each.  This 
sounds  like  a  “fussy”  work,  but  it  is, 
in  fact,  a  very  simple  operation  and,  in 
many  instances,  is  a  wonderful  con¬ 
venience,  in  that  the  housewife  can  give 
the  cans  their  daily  steaming  while  do¬ 
ing  the  morning’s  work  and  then  be  at 
liberty  to  go  away.  It  makes  it  possible, 
too,  to  fill  the  cans  with  the  cold  vege¬ 
tables  during  the  cool  of  the  evening, 
and  have  them  ready  for  cooking  early 
in  the  morning,  eva  ryman-gaillard. 

Chocolate  Caramel  Cake. — I  wTould 
like  to  give  recipe  for  cake  which  is  a 
great  favorite  with  the  boys :  Cream  two 
tablespoons  butter,  1%  cup  sugar,  one 
egg  without  beating,  2%  cups  flour, 
2^1  teaspoons  baking  powder,  one  cup 
sweet  milk.  Add  three  melted  squares 
chocolate ;  bake  45  minutes.  g.  r.  b. 


August  5, 

Rider  Agents  Wanted 

— im  each  town  to  ride  and  exhibit  sample  1012 bicv. 
cle.  IV rite for  special  offer.  * 

Finest  Guaranteed  (C  f /I  ,  /nn  — 
1912  Models 

iv!tiCC£a!tir'Brakes  and  Puncture-Proof  tires 

&  1911  Models  ^  .  A  a  A 

Jail  of  best  makes.  ..  ip  m  to  %ptp£ 

IOO  Second  -  Hand  Wheels, 

All  makes  and  models, 

|good  as  new .  $ 3  to  SB 

llwfeo^^ACTOEy  CLEARING  SALE 
LenidJP  f0>!  Approval  without  a 
fin  ‘n  ’ji  v/o  and  allow 

o  DAY'S  FREE  TRIAl 

f sundries1"  c?aste.r  brake  rear  wheels,  lamps* 

and  repairs  f„r  all  makes  of  bicycles  « 
half  usual  prices.  DO  NOT  BUY  until  you  ret  ™ 
catalogues  and  offer.  IVrite  now.  >ou  get  our 

MEAD  CYCLE  CO.  I)ept.B80  CHICAGO 


Direct  from  Factory,  Freight  Prepaid 
and  Guaranteed  by  the  Manufacturer 

You  can  buy  a  Gold  Coin  Stove  from  us  #5  to 
#20  less  than  dealer's 
prices.  We  pay  freight; 
safe  delivery  insured, 
polished  and  all  ready 
to  set  up. 

“Satisfaction  or  your 
money  back  any  time 
tvithin  1  year" 
is  our  written 
guaranty. 

Free  Catalog 
— Illustrates 
all  our  Stoves. 
Gives  Price 
List  and  tells  our 
Plan  and  Offer. 
Send  for  it. 

Gold  Coin  Stove  Co. 

?  Oak  St.  Troy,  N.  I, 


Monarch 


Hydraulic 

Cider  Press 


Net  owners  25$  to  100$ 
on  investment  per  year 
Ask  for  Free  Cat¬ 
alog  and  "Good 
Tip’’  booklet  tell¬ 
ing  how. 

Monarch  Machinery  Co„  609  Hudson  Terminal,  New  York. 

WFf  I  drilling 

Tf  JLsJLfjL/  MACHINES 

Over  70  sizes  and  styles  for  drilling  either  deep  or 
Shallow  wells  in  any  kind  of  soil  or  rock.  Mounted  on 

■hmf/n  nuid'1  depot  ui  lUl  e,1Kine8prhorse  powers.  Strong, 
easiy  mechanic  can  operate  them 


iy-  Send  for  catalog. ' 

WILLIAMS  BROS.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


Bulletin  123  of  the  Iowa  State  Col¬ 
lege,  “Classification  of  Ice  Cream  and 
Related  Frozen  Products,”  should  be 
studied  by  anyone  who  wishes  to  make 
ice  cream  for  sale.  A  good  many  dairy¬ 
men  seem  to  be  working  into  this  busi¬ 
ness  in  various  parts  of  the  country. 
The  bulletin  includes  a  number  of 
recipes  for  making  frozen  products  in 
quantity  and  a  score  card  for  judging 
ice  cream,  with  reference  to  defects  in 
quality  and  their  causes. 

* 

It  is  now  asserted  by  some  foreign 
chemists  that  the  fumigation  of  grain 
with  carbon  bisulphide  or  formalin  for 
the  destruction  of  insects  affects  the 
quality  of  flour  made  from  such  grain, 
causing  it  to  rise  very  slowly  and  make 
bread  of  poor  quality.  It  has  been  con¬ 
sidered  that  the  grain  was  not  in  any 
way  affected  by  such  fumes.  We  do  not 
know  that  this  point  has  been  studied 
with  special  care  by  the  chemists  so  far, 
but  understand  that  experiments  are  to 
be  made  to  settle  the  point.  Bread  that 
refuses  to  rise  is  a  household  tragedy, 
and  if  such  fumigation  affects  the  grain 
the  housewife  wants  to  know  it. 

* 

The  ancient  Saxons  were  believers  in 
woman  suffrage  to  the  extent  of  per¬ 
mitting  ladies  of  birth  and  quality  to 
sit  in  council  in  the  Witan,  and  Abbess 
Hilda,  one  of  these  feminine  legislators, 
was  represented  by  a  stately  figure  in 
the  recent  London  suffrage  procession. 
At  a  great  Saxon  council  in  the  year 
694,  five  abbesses  signed  the  council’s 
decrees  with  the  kings,  bishops  and 
nobles.  In  the  reign  of  Edward  III  of 
England  (1327-1377)  the  Countess  of 
Norfolk,  Countess  of  Ormond,  Countess 
of  March,  Countess  of  Pembroke  and 
Countess  of  Athole  were  summoned  to 
Parliament,  though  they  did  not  appear 
personally,  but  were  represented  by 
proxy.  The  “new  woman”  in  legislation 
is  not  so  very  new,  after  all,  if  we  may 
judge  from  the  history  of  the  past. 


Canning  Vegetables  by  Steam. 

A  question  concerning  the  canning 
of  vegetables  by  steam,  published  in 
issue  of  June  3,  and  the  answer  given 
prompts  the  following:  The  recipes 
given  in  the  answer  require  “cooking 
one  half  longer  than  when  boiling,” 
which  means  that  where  a  can  set  in 
boiling  water  requires  four  hours  of 
steady  boiling  it  would  require  six  hours 
in  the  steam  cooker.  This  means  six 
hours  of  attention  and  a  steady  use  of 
fuel  when,  perhaps,  there  is  no  other 
work  on  hand  that  would  call  for  it. 
The  Department  of  Agriculture  has 
made  exhaustive  experiments  in  can¬ 
ning  vegetables  and  after  testing  all 
methods  claim  that  raising  the  tem¬ 
perature  of  the  water  surrounding  the 
cans  to  a  boiling  heat  and  keeping  it 
so  for  an  hour,  three  times,  is  a  surer 
method  of  killing  bacteria  than  keeping 
at  the  same  heat  for  any  number  of 
hours  at  one  time,  and  judging  by  my 
own  experience  I  believe  they  are  right 
in  the  matter.  The  directions  sent  out 
by  the  department  are,  literally  speak¬ 
ing,  for  use  with  a  boiler  instead  of  a 
steamer,  but  when  they  are  read  and  the 
fact  develops  that  the  water  is  but  three 
inches  deep  in  the  boiler,  and  the  cook¬ 
ing  done  by  the  steam  developed,  it  is 
readily  seen  that  there  is  no  difference 
between  the  cooking  power  of  steam  in 
the  boiler  and  that  in  the  steam-cooker. 

Fill  the  cans  with  the  prepared  vege- 
tables  and  put  both  rubbers  and  tops  j 
in  position,  but  do  not  tighten  the  tops 
more  than  enough  to  keep  them  in  posi¬ 
tion.  Put  a  false  bottom  in  the  boiler 
(two  layers  of  small-mesh  poultry  net¬ 
ting  is  t..e  best  known  and  always  ready 
for  use  without  bother)  ;  stand  the  cans 
on  this,  and  pour  cold  water  around 
them  to  a  depth  of  three  or  four  inches. 
Bring  the  water  to  boiling  heat  and  keep 
it  actively  boiling  for  an  hour.  At  the 
end  of  the  hour  (a  little  longer  does  no 
harm)  remove  cover  from  boiler,  or 
open  steamer,  to  let  steam  escape. 
Tighten  tops  to  prevent  unsterilized  air 
from  entering  cans  and  let  stand  until 


Fire  Fighting 

and  Telephoning 

Both  Need  Team  Work,  Modern  Tools 
and  an  Ever  Ready  Plant,  Everywhere 


Twenty  men  with  twenty  buckets 
can  put  out  a  small  fire  if  each  man 
works  by  himself. 

If  twenty  men  form  a  line  and  pass 
the  buckets  from  hand  to  hand, 
they  can  put  out  a  larger  fire.  But 
the  same  twenty  men  on  the  brakes 
of  a  “hand  tub”  can  force  a  con¬ 
tinuous  stream  of  water  through  a 
pipe  so  fast  that  the  bucket  brigade 
seems  futile  by  comparison. 

The  modern  firefighter  has  gone 
away  beyond  the  “hand  tub.” 
Mechanics  build  a  steam  fire  engine, 
miners  dig  coal  to  feed  it,  workmen 
build  reservoirs  and  lay  pipes  so 
that  each  nozzleman  and  engineer 
is  worth  a  score  of  the  old-fashioned 
firefighters. 


The  big  tasks  of  today  require  nor 
only  team  work,  but  also  modern 
tools  and  a  vast  system  of  supply 
and  distribution. 

The  Bell  telephone  system  is  an 
example  of  co-operation  between 
75,000  stockholders,  120,000  em¬ 
ployees  and  six  million  subscribers. 

But  to  team  work  is  added  an  up- 
to-date  plant.  Years  of  time  and 
hundreds  of  millions  of  money  have 
been  put  into  the  tools  of  the  trade; 
into  the  building  of  a  nation-wide 
network  of  lines,  into  the  training 
of  men  and  the  working  out  of 
methods.  The  result  is  the  Bell 
system  of  today — a  union  of  men, 
money  and  machinery,  to  provide 
universal  telephone  service  for 
ninety  million  people. 


American  Telephone  and  Telegraph  Company 

And  Associated  Companies 


One  Policy 


One  System 


Universal  Service. 


807 


1911. 


Paper  Bag  Cooking. 

Many  of  the  English  papers  have  re¬ 
ferred  recently  to  a  system  of  paper 
bag  cookery,  developed  by  a  famous 
London  chef,  M.  Soyer,  who  is  a  grand¬ 
son  of  the  famous  Soyer  of  50  years 
ago.  The  foundation  of  the  idea  is  the 
baking,  in  a  very  hot  oven,  of  food  en¬ 
closed  in  a  paper  bag,  thus  preserving 
all  the  juices  and  flavor,  and  cooking 
the  food  in  its  own  steam.  In  addition 
to  the  high  flavor  and  quality  thus  de¬ 
veloped,  there  is  a  very  great  saving 
of  labor,  since  there  are  no  cooking 
vessels  to  clean,  and  also  there  is  no 
wear  and  tear  of  such  vessels.  M. 
Soyer  has  been  studying  the  process 
for  many  years.  His  most  persistent 
difficulty  was  that  the  paper  gave  its 
taste  to  the  food,  thus  destroying  the 
delicacy  of  flavor.  For  a  long  time  this 
difficulty  seemed  unsurmountable,  but 
finally  experiments  on  the  part  of  paper 
manufacturers  produced  a  bag  that  is 
free  from  this  disadvantage. 

The  food  is  prepared,  and  then  put  di¬ 
rectly  into  the  bag,  which  is  buttered 
inside;  no  dish  is  used.  The  bag  is 
then  tightly  closed,  the  top  being  folded 
over  and  fastened,  and  it  is  laid  on  a 
wire  gridiron,  so  that  the  heat  may 
pass  all  around  it,  and  put  in  a  hot 
oven.  The  system  is  said  to  be  es¬ 
pecially  desirable  for  a  gas  stove.  When 
the  food  is  cooked,  a  plate  should  be 
slipped  gently  under  the  bag,  to  take 
it  from  the  oven. 

Cooking  stew  in  a  paper  bag  certainly 
sounds  extraordinary,  but  Soyer  says 
it  can  be  done.  Here  is  his  recipe  for 
“economica/1  stew Greasd  thq  .  bag 
well.  Wash  VA  pound  of  fresh  pieces 
of  mutton.  Dust  them  thickly  with 
salted  barley  flour  and  slightly  with 
pepper.  Peel  and  slice  thin  one  pound 
of  onions  and  two  pounds  of  potatoes ; 
wash  them  well,  and  put  them  wet  into 
the  bag,  in  alternate  layers  with  the 
meat.  Then  add  about  halt  a  pint  of 
water.  Put  the  bag  on  the  broiler,  and 
cook  slowly  for  two  hours.  We  may 
add  that  this  stew  is  excellent  cooked 
in  a  closely  coveted  dish  in  the  oven. 

There  are  many  recipes  for  cooking 
fish ;  here  is  an  excellent  one  for  fresh 
cod:  Slice  three  pounds  of  fish,  season 
with  salt  and  pepper,  add  a  small 
chopped  onion  and  a  few  sweet  herbs. 
Mix  one  ounce  of  butter  or  dripping 
with  a  large  tablespoonful  of  flour,  add 
three-fourths  of  a  glass  of  milk  and 
stir  to  a  smooth  paste.  Place  all  these 
ingredients  with  the  fish  in  a  well-but¬ 
tered  paper  bag,  and  cook  for  20  min¬ 
utes. 

Chops  and  cutlets,  chicken,  eggs  anc\ 
even  roasts  are  cooked  in  the  paper 
bags.  We  must  admit  that  boiled  fowl 
cooked  in  a  paper  bag  sounds  improb¬ 
able,  but  Soyer  gives  the  following 
recipe  for  it :  Place  the  fowl,  ready 

trussed,  in  a  paper  bag.  Put  a  little 
bacon  or  fat  ham  on  the  breast.  Place 
in  bag  one  small  chopped  carrot,  one 
onion,  one  clove,  a  little  sweet  herb, 

celery,  salt  and  pepper  to  taste.  Add, 

1%  tumbler  of  water.  Seal  bag,  tie  a 
piece  of  string  around  the  neck  to  pre¬ 
vent  the  water  running  out ;  allow  45 
to  60  minutes  in  a  moderate  oven.  We 
think  this  would  be  a  desirable  way 

of  cooking  a  fowl  in  a  closed  casserole. 

Fruits,  puddings  and  desserts  also 
find  a  place  in  the  paper  bag  cookery. 
We  do  not  know  whether  these  special 
non-tasting  paper  bags  can  yet  be  ob¬ 
tained  in  this  country,'  but  M.  Soyer’s 
book  is  most  interesting,  whether  one 
intends  to  cook  in  paper  bags  or  not.  It 
is  published  by  Sturgis  &  Walton,  of 
New  York.  After  all,  the  paper  bags 
are  not  a  greater  innovation  than  the 
fireless  cooker.  If  we  can  only  combine 
the  two  household  work  will  be  won¬ 
derfully  lessened.  A  working  woman 
who  could  leave  part  of  her  evening 
meal  preparing  in  the  fireless  cooker, 
and  finish  up  the  remainder  in  paper 
bags  when  she  came  home  at  night 
would  have  reason  for  gratitude  to 
those  who  have  developed  these  labor- 
saving  systems, 


THE  RXJRAUf 
The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  patterns  and  measurements 
desired. 

The  first  group  includes  7055,  fancy 
peasant  blouse,  34  to  42  bust,  with  or 
without  V-shaped  openings.  7049,  peas¬ 
ant  yoke  waist,  34  to  42  bust,  with  round 


or  high  neck,  with  or  without  lining 
with  under  sleeves.  7016,  blouse  with 
peasant  sleeves,  34  to  40  bust.  6999, 
straight  plaited  skirt,  22  to  30  waist. 
7046,  three-piece  tucked  skirt,  22  to  30 
waist,  with  high  or  natural  waist  line. 
7054,  child’s  tucked  one-piece  dress,  2, 
4  and  6  years.  Price  of  each  pattern 
10  cents. 

The  second  group  shows  7051,  fancy 
Eton  -jacket,  34  to  40  bust.  7063,  child’s 
jacket,  4,  6  and  8  years.  7050,  long  or 


NEW-YORKER 

Getting  Rid  of  Ants. 

In  a  recent  issue  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  I 
noticed  an  inquiry  as  t6  ridding  a  house 
of  black  ants.  We  have  used  poison 
fly  paper  very  successfully,  putting  it  on 
plates  with  a  little  sweetened  water  or 
syrup,  and  placing  them  where  the  ants 
were  most  troublesome.  After  a  few 
ants  are  poisoned  the  rest  leave  in  dis¬ 
gust;  at  least  such  has  been  our  ex¬ 
perience  every  time  we  have  tried  it. 

p.  w.  P. 

If  your  New  Jersey  correspondent, 
L.  F.,  will  try  corrosive  sublimate  to 
drive  away  ants  I  think  she  will  find 
it  effectual.  A  cotton  tape  or  string 
saturated  with  the  solution  and  tried 
around  the  legs  of  tables,  etc.,  is  the 
best  way  of  applying  it.  It  is  a  deadly 
poison  and  must  be  used  with  care. 

MRS.  0.  T. 

I  would  like  to  tell  some  of  the  read¬ 
ers  how  we  get  rid  of  the  small  red 
ants.  Buy  single  ply  tar  paper,  put  on 
the  shelves  under  the  oil  cloth,  cut 
wide  enough  to  turn  up  against  the 
wall  at  the  back  of  the  shelves.  If  the 
ants  are  very  bad  set  the  food  on  the 
tar  paper.  I  keep  the  paper  under  the 
flour  barrel  and  sugar  tub,  and  even 
keep  the  baking  pans  on  the  paper.  Tar 
paper  can  be  bought  by  the  yard  or  roll 
at  any  hardware  store.  G.  R.  b. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


short  kimono,  small  34  or  36,  medium 
38  or  40,  large  42  or  44  bust.  7037,  out¬ 
ing  blouse,  34  to  42  bust,  with  or  with¬ 
out  shield,  with  elbow  or  long  sleeves. 
7044,  short  coat,  with  three-quarter 
sleeves,  34  to  42  bust,  with  fancy  or 
sailor  collar.  Price  of  each  pattern  10 
cents. 

Raspberry  Cream. — One  ounce  of 
gelatin,  one-quarter  pint  of  water,  one 
teacupful  of  raspberry  jam,  one-half  tea¬ 
cupful  of  milk,  two  ounces  of  castor 
sugar,  juice  of  half  a  lemon,  one-half 
pint  of  double  cream  whipped.  Steep 
the  gelatin  in  the  water.  Mix  the  milk 
with  the  jam  and  rub  through  a  fine 
hair  sieve.  Dissolve  the  steeped  gelatin 
in  a  small  pan  over  gentle  heat,  stir¬ 
ring  all  the  time ;  bring  to  the  boil,  add 
the  sugar  and  lemon  juice. .  Whip  the 
cream  in  a  large  bowl;  strain  the  gela- 
rin  to  the  fruit  pulp,  and  add  the  mix¬ 
ture  to  the  whipped  cream,  stirring  in 
carefully  a  little  at  a  time  with  the 
whisk  until  the  whole  is  perfectly 
blended.  Stir  the  mixture  occasionally 
till  at  the  point  of  setting,  then  mold  at 
once. 


Raspberry  and  Currant  Souffle.  Mix 
together  three  cups  of  red  raspberry  and 
one  cup  of  red  currant  pulp ;  make  quite 
sweet  and  set  on  ice  to  chill.  Whip  a 
pint  of  sweet,  rich  cream  very  stiff  and 
dry  and  pack  in  ice  and  salt  to  chill 
thoroughly,  but  not  freeze.  When  ready 
to  serve  mix  the  fruit  pulp  and  cream 
lightly  together  and  serve  at  once. 
Strawberries  and  bananas  may  be  used , 
flavor  with  a  little  lemon  juice. 

Currant  Farina.— Heat  red  currants 
until  scalded,  then  press  out  the  juice. 
Put  into  a  double  boiler,  sweetening 
slightly,  and  to  each  pint  add  one  table¬ 
spoonful  of  farina.  Cook,  stirring  fre¬ 
quently,  for  45  minutes;  pour  into  a 
dish  and  set  away  for  use  next  morning. 
(Raspberries  or  blackberries  can  be  used 
in  same  manner.) 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

LUCKY  MISTAKE 

Grocer  Sent  Vkg.  of  Fostrnu  and  Opened 
the  Kyes  of  the  Family. 

A  lady  writes  from  Brookline,  Mass. : 
“A  package  of  Postum  was  sent  me 
one  day  by  mistake. 

“I  notified  the  grocer,  but  finding  that 
t  ere  was  no  coffee  for  breakfast  next 
morning,  I  prepared  some  of  the  Pos¬ 
tum,  following  the  directions  very  care¬ 
fully. 

“It  was  an  immediate  success  in  my 
family,  and  from  that  day  we  have  used 
it  constantly,  parents  and  children, 
too — for  my  three  rosy  youngsters  are 
allowed  to  "drink  it  freely  at  breakfast 
and  luncheon.  They  think  it  delicious, 
and  I  would  have  a  mutiny  on  my 
hands  should  I  omit  the  beloved  bever¬ 
age. 

“My  husband  used  to  have  a  very 
delicate  stomach  while  we  were  using 
coffee,  but  to  our  surprise  his  stomach 
has  grown  strong  and  entirely  wel 
since  we  quit  coffee  and  have  been  on 
Postum. 

“Noting  the  good  effects  in  my  fam¬ 
ily  I  wrote  to  my  sister,  who  was  a 
coffee  toper,  and  after  much  persuasion 
got  her  to  try  Postum. 

“She  was  prejudiced  against  it  at 
first,  but  when  she  presently  found  that 
all  the  ailments  that  coffee  gave  her 
left  and  she  got  well  quickly  she  became 
and  remains  a  thorough  and  enthusias¬ 
tic  Postum  convert. 

“Her  nerves,  which  had  become  shat¬ 
tered  by  the  use  of  coffee  have  grown 
healthy  again,  and  to-day  she  is  a  new 
woman,  thanks  to  Postum.”  Name 
given  by  Postum  Co.,  Battle  Creek, 
Mich.,  and  the  “cause  why”  will  be 
found  in  the  great  little  book,  “The 
Road  to  Wellville,”  which  comes  in 
pkgs. 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


THIS 


Is  the 

Faultless 
Fruit  Jar 

Habit  is  the  only  thing  that 
is  keeping  you  to  the  old- 
fashioned,  ordinary  Iruit  jar. 
Every  year  youve  put  up 
with  the  screw  top  kind  that 
gets  stuck  three  times  in  five. 
You  had  to  use  that  kind, 
until  lately — but  not  now. 
That  troublesome,  narrow¬ 
mouthed  Iruit  spoiler  is  a 
thing  ol  yesterday,  and  today 
it  s  the  all  glass  convenient 

ATLAS 

E-Z 

SEAL 

Jar  lor  all  preserving  purposes. 
See  that  wide  mouth  ?  It  takes 
uncut  Iruit  and  vegetables. 
Gives  you  all  the  flavor  and  all 
the  lreshness  ol  summertime 
foods,  right  through  the  winter. 
Fruit  or  vegetables  can  t  spoil, 
can't  “work  in  E-Z  Seal  Jars. 
Top  seals  air-tight  with  a  linger- 
push — and  opens  as  easily.  It  s 
the  jar  you  ought  to  have. 
Sold  at  all  general  stores. 

Send  for  our  booklet  of 
Famous  Preserving  Rec¬ 
ipes.  Tells  you  better 
ways  of  canning  and  pre¬ 
serving.  No  charge  and 
glad  to  mail  it  to  you. 

HAZEL  ATLAS  GLASS  CO., 

Wheeling,  W.  Va. 


1-Qt.  E-Z  Seal  Jar 
FREE  for  the  Coupon 

Flcase  note — in  order  to  secure  tree  jar  this  coupon 
must  be  presented  to  3' our  dealer  before  October  1, 
1911,  with  blank  spaces  properly  filled  out. 
HAZEL-ATLAS  GLASS  CO., 

Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

This  is  to  certify.  That  I  have  this  day  received  one 
“Atlas"  E-Z  Seal  Jar  Free  of  all  cost  and  without 
any  obligation  on  my  part.  This  is  the  first  coupon 
presented  by  any  member  of  my  family. 


Name 


Address . 

TO  THE  DEALER:— Coupon  will  be  redeemed  at 
the  full  retail  price  by  your  jobber.  All  coupons 
must  be  signed  by  you  and  returned  before  Novem¬ 
ber  1,1911. 

DEALER'S  CERTIFICATE.  This  Is  to  certify, 
that  1  gave  away  one  "Atlas"  E-Z  Seal  Jar  to  the 
person  whose  signature  appears  above. 


Dealer’s  Name. 
Address . 


DAISY  FI  Y  KILLER 


placed  anywhere,  at¬ 
tract*  and  killH  all 
flies.  Neat,  clean, 
ornamental,  conven¬ 
ient, cheap.  Lusts  ail 
l  season.  Can’ t  spill  or 
I  tip  over,  will  not  soil 
[or  injure  anything. 
Guaranteed  effect¬ 
ive.  Of  all  dealers  or 
sent  prepaid  for  20c* 
HAROLD  SOMKK3 
l&O  De  Kalb  Ave. 

Brooklyn,  H.  Y. 


808 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

PROPAGATING  THE  FAMILY  COW. 

The  picture,  page  799,  Fig.  303,  shows 
four  generations  of  Jersey-Guernsey 
grades,  three  of  which  were  bred  and 
raised  by  Clarence  Langley,  of  Somer¬ 
set  County,  Me.  He  operates  his  farm 
alone,  and  during  May  was  milking  but 
six  cows,  including  a  19-months-old 
heifer,  but  the  cream  wagon  took  106 
pounds  of  separator  cream  from  four 
milkings  on  one  day.  The  excellence 
and  uniformity  of  the  animals  in  the 
tie-up  so  impressed  me  when  I  was 
there  that  I  made  some  inquiries  as  to 
the  method  of  raising  the  calves.  I 
found  that  Mrs.  Langley  is  quite  a  fac¬ 
tor  in  the  process,  for  she  prepares  the 
feed,  that  is  in  part.  As  soon  as  the 
calves  have  sucked  once,  they  are  taken 
away  from  their  mothers  and  taught  to 
drink.  They  get  fresh  whole  milk  for 
about  a  week,  but  after  that  are  shifted 
onto  the  separator  product  quite  rapid¬ 
ly.  Along  with  the  shifting  process 
comes  the  addition  of  boiled  flour  paste, 
that  is  the  product  of  Mrs.  Langley’s’ 
culinary  skill.  Like  most  really  good 
cooks  she  never  measures  the  ingre¬ 
dients,  but  in  general  uses  one  part  of 
flour  to  six  parts  of  water,  measured. 
The  flour  is  first  stirred  into  a  thick 
paste  with  cold  water,  boiling  water  is 
then  added  and  the  whole  allowed  to 
cook  for  about  half  an  hour.  In  shift¬ 
ing  from  the  whole  milk  to  the  skim- 
milk-paste  combination,  the  amount  of 
the  latter  is  increased  gradually  until 
it  comprises  about  a  quarter  of  the 
whole.  Mrs.  Langley  also  takes  par¬ 
ticular  pains  to  keep  the  feeding  pails 
especially  clean,  and  says  that  they  have 
not  had  a  calf  off  feed  in  years.  Be¬ 
ginning  the  sixth  week  the  calves  get  a 
little  dry  middlings,  and  some  nice  fine 
hay  as  soon  as  they  are  ready  to  eat  it. 
When  they  are  finally  taken  to  pasture 
the  feeding  process  is  tapered  off  so 
that  there  is  no  check  to  their  growth. 
The  most  conclusive  evidence  in  favor 
of  this  method  is  the  appearance  of 
the  third  and  fourth  generation  that  has 
grown  up  under  it.  c.  m.  g. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  four  generations  are 
shown  in  the  picture,  Fig.  303,  as  fol¬ 
lows:  From  left  to  right  in  the  picture: 
Six  weeks  bull  calf,  196  pounds;  19- 
inonths-old  heifer  giving  16  quarts  of 
milk  daily;  three-year-old  cow  giving 
18  quarts  of  milk  daily;  seven-year-old 
cow  giving  \9]/2  quarts  of  milk  daily. 
These  animals  are  a  combination  of 
Jersey  and  Guernsey  blood  and  show  the 
profit  of  printing  new  editions  of  the 
good  family  cow. 


THE  RURAL,  -NEW-YORKER. 


and  considered  unwarranted.  We  think  we 
ought  to  have  half  the  retail  price  at  least. 
The  milk  dealers  fix  the  price  they  pay, 
and  the  price  at  which  they  sell,  and  in 
this  way  manage  to  “make  the  ends  meet.” 
The  Borden  condensery  is  the  most  satis¬ 
factory  milk  market  in  the  State.  The  New 
York  board  of  health  does  not  meddle  with 
their  dairymen.  The  company  has  its  own 
sanitary  regulations  and  is  not  unreasonable. 
As  to  the  outlook  for  the  future  it  is  ex¬ 
tremely  uncertain.  We  are  suffering  from 
a  very  severe  drought.  We  have  had  only 
one  good  rain  since  the  middle  of  April,  it 
was  wet  up  to  that  time.  Since  then  the 
only  rain  of  any  account  was  the  three 
days  June  4-G.  The  hay  crop  is  short 
twenty-five  per  cent  or  thirty  per  cent,  and 
is  drying  up  standing.  Pastures  are  dry  and 
eaten  to  the  roots.  Some  farmers  are  feed¬ 
ing  their  cows.  It  now  threatens  our  corn 
crop.  If  that  should  fail  there  is  no  telling 
where  we  would  be.  Until  last  Winter  the 
Bordens  refused  to  receive  milk  from  silage 
at  the  condensery.  Now  the  Borden  men 
are  in  most  cases  preparing  to  put  up  silage 
for  next  Winter.  Our  aim  is,  and  always 
has  been  to  make  milk  as  cheap  as  possible. 
But  with  the  increasing  demands  for  a 
high  per  cent  of  butter  fat,  a  low  bacteria 
content,  air  space,  light  and  ventilation 
and  greater  cost  of  labor,  we  feel  that  the 
price  of  milk  must  be  advanced  or  we  will 
be  compelled  to  abandon  the  dairy,  for  some 
other  branch  of  farming.  H.  v.  D.  K. 

Amenia  Union,  N.  Y. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page 


August  5, 


Boston  Milk  Situation. 

The  price  of  milk  shipped  to  Boston  was 
advanced  July  1G  about  eight  cents  per  8 %- 
quart  can  on  the  general  average  by  some 
contractors  and  all  will  probably  fall  in  line 
not  later  than  August  1.  On  the  B.  &  A. 
R.  R.  the  farmers  will  receive  east  of 
Worcester  34  and  35  cents  per  8%-quart 
can  delivered  on  cars.  In  cases  where  it  is 
collected  by  team  and  carted  to  railroad 
two  or  three  cents  per  can  is  charged  foT 
cartage,  and  deducted  from  the  34  or  35 
cents.  As  most  of  the  milk  is  handled  this 
way  the  price  at  the  farm  net  is  about  30 
cents  on  the  average,  in  some  cases  a  few 
cents  more  and  in  other  cases  probably  a 
cent  or  two  loss.  The  cause  of  this  advance 
which  we  asked  for  July  1  and  were  re¬ 
fused  (and  given  a  two  cent  advance  in¬ 
stead)  is  the  fact  that  the  contractors  could 
not  got  enough  milk  to  supply  their  trade 
from  any  source  whatever,  as  milk  is  very 
short  all  over  New  England. 

In  this  vicinity  when  we  failed  to  get 
what  we  asked  for  July  1,  while  we  did  not 
strike,  we  sent  only  what  milk  we  could  not 
dispose  of  to  other  outlets  and  use  in  other 
ways  at  home.  We  sold  to  local  parties 
wherever  possible,  and  at  this  time  of  year 
with  many  city  people  camping  and  board¬ 
ing  about  here  much  has  been  disposed  of 
to  them.  Thus  we  cut  the  shipment  down 
to  almost  half  the  usual  supply  on  our  local 
car,  and  as  this  was  done  more  or  less  all 
over  the  milk  section  usually  sold  to  Bos¬ 
ton  they  were  forced  to  pay  more  in  order 
to  get  the  milk  they  wanted  and  must  have 
to  supply  the  trade.  The  dry  season  has 
also  helped  in  reducing  the  supply  and  un¬ 
less  we  have  a  very  wet  season  from  now 
on  the  price  will  have  to  advance  again  later 
on.  Pastures  are  all  gone,  hay  crop  very 
snort,  and  corn  in  many  cases  is  very  poor. 
Conditions  in  this  immediate  vicinity  are 
the  worst  for  years  for  all  kinds  of  crops, 
including  small  fruits  and  berries.  The  B. 

C  .  M.  P.  Co.  have  been  urging  for  the  better 
price  and  also  asking  the  farmers  individ¬ 
ually  to  write  and  ask  for  same  ever  sinde 
the  low  cut  April  1.  A>  E  P- 

Iloplcinton,  Mass. 


LESS  THAN  2  CENTS 

a  year 

For  Oil  and  Repairs 

A  regular  hand-driven,  five  hundred 
pounds  capacity  per  hour 

SHARPLES 

Tubular  Cream  Separator 

has  recently  finished  work  equal  to  100  years’ 
service  in  a  five  to  eight  cow  dairy.  Total  cost 
tor  oil  and  repairs  only  one  dollar  and  fifteen 
cents.  Less  than  two  tents  per  year.  Write  for 
free  dlustrated  account  and  see  how  the  parts 
of  this  I  ubular  resisted  wear. 

You  are  right  in  concluding  that  a  separator 
which  gives  you  this  kind  of  service  is 

the  quality  separator— The  World's  Best 

„  n.c!J}Ptmhc\  *hat  Tubulars  are  later  than 
and  different  from  all  others.  Built  on  tho 
only  known  principle  which  overcomes  tho 
many  parts  and  faults  of  others.  Patented. 

n2dis°l!sbeT^ceathed-  ^  Tubulars  hav° 
skimming  force  of 
others.  Skim  faster 
and  twice  as  clean. 

Wear  a  lifetime. 

Guaranteed  forever 
by  America’s  oldest 
and  world’s  biggest 
separator  concern. 

Everybody  nat¬ 
urally  wants  a  ' 

modern  sepa¬ 
rator.  That  is 
why  users  of 
other  ma¬ 
chines  finally 
buy  Tubulars. 

You  can  ar¬ 
range  with  our 
local  agent  for 
free  trial. 

Other  separa¬ 
tors  taken  in 
exchange. 

Write  for  cat¬ 
alog  No.  153. 


30 


THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO„ 

WEST  CIIE8TEH,  PA.  * 

ChloAK o.  III.,  Han  Franolsco.  Cal.,  Portland.  Ora. 
T  oronto,  Can. Winnipeg,  Can. 


DiYIIlY  CATTLE 


SIR  AAGGIE  LINCOLN  DE  KOL-SR1'"- 

"AU  h°rl1  Jan.  1,  half  whito,  by  Belus  Lincoln,  out 
of  I  '‘.usy  Aaggio  Queen.  Price  only  $75  f,  o.  b. 
cratea.  CLO VIiiRDALE  BARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustratod  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEIN-FRIES1AN  ASS’N  OF  AMERICA 
F.  L.  HOUGHTON.  SEC’Y.  BOX  105,  BRATTLEBORO,  VT. 


at, ft  HOLSTEINS 

are  hied  for  laige  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  m  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  ol  young  bulls  for  sale;  nofomalos 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU.  Somerville  N.  J. 


SHELDONCROFT 

J.  T.  RUSSELL,  Prop.  CHflS.  B.  DAYTON.  Supt. 

SILVER  LAKE,  Susq.  Co.,  Pa. 

pure  Bred  Jersey  Cattle.  Berkshire  Swine. 


Breed  Up-Not  Down“J,rr..“"‘;eS’S 


Eureka  Stock  Fariu-Itej?T)eLecl  Jersey  b»hs 

u ,  ,  ,  1  0,1,1  and  Heifers, G  monthsto  3 

years  old.  Chester  White,  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  l*up8  and  a  variety 
Of  poultry.  Send  two-cont  stump  for  circular. 

EDWARD  WALTER,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


AT  LAUREL  FARM 

1,00,1  cows- 

J.  (iKANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N,  Y. 


7 OR  SALE— REGISTERED  AYRSHIRE  BULL 

horn  March  2,  1900.  Price,  $80.00.  ’ 

ARTHUR  G.  WELLS,  Oswayo.  Pa. 


Wilk  Producers  fi°r- ?ew  Lork  City  market 

c  ,  ,  desning  information  how  to 

nrChes  t  l0  dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
tho  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 


SWINE 


1  95  and  Upward 

AMERICAN 

SEPARATOR 

FREE  TRIAL  FULLY  GUARANTEED. 

Easy  running.  Easily  cleaned. 

.  ,  ,  Whether  dairy  is  largo  or  small, 

obtain  our  handsome  free  catalog.  Address 

■  i.rirt.si  .  ow...  ■  -  ■ - p  „„  BOX  I07S 

_  I\  LU.  BAINBKIDGE,  ft.  Y. 

NEWTON’S  HEAVE 

COUCH,  DISTEMPER  I  DC 
AND  INDIGESTION  l/UKt 

Tho  Standard  Veterinary  Remedy. 


Reg,  P.  Chinas,  Berhshires,  C.  Whites. 

—ITtTi~  Fine,  large  strains;  all  agos,  matod 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 
I  .  — .  Pups,  Beagles  and  Poultry  Write  for 

|  prices  &  circulars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Ercildoun  Pa 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


M  I 


The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.51 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  three  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  2G-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 

.£s  .3  ■  resuJJ  the  present  scarcity  of 
milk  it  is  said  experiments  in  freezing  that 
fluid  are  being  tried  in  New  Haven  Conn  , 
with  a  view  to  providing  a  supply  against 
possible  recurrences  of  the  present  situation 
The  Plan  is  to  freeze  the  milk  into  blocks 
of  250  and  300  pounds,  which  may  be  used 
as  found  necessary.  At  the  present  time 
milk  dealers  must  depend  solely  on  the  daily 
output  from  dairy  farms,  and  are  able  to 
allow  for  any  sudden  increase  in  demand  or 
falling  off  in  supply. 


A  Good  Record. — Sanford  Everson  has 
two  Jersey  cows,  one  seven  and  her  heifer 
two  years  old,  which  made  in  10  months 
'  pounds  of  butter,  money  received 
$257.73;  buttermilk  sold,  301  gallons  10 
cents  per  gallon,  $30.10 ;  milk  and  cream, 
homo  use,  $20.  Two  calves  raised  on  the 
sweet  milk  set  in  pans  24  hours,  fed  sweet 
and  warm,  value  $100,  total  $407.83.  The 
cows  have  not  been  under  tost ;  fed  grain 
eight  months  out  of  12.  It  pays  to  keep 
good  cows.  The  seven-year-old  cow  has 
been  milked  five  years  without  stopping. 

Steuben  Co.,  N.  Y.  s  e 


,  SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.  fe, £> 

m  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold 
S0™*  ww.8  b'e(Et0  farrow  In  July;  hue,  toser- 
vlce  of  Watson  s  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Pmprictor,  Marbletiale,  Conn. 

Lun-lWlP/J  HIGHWpOD- Regular  Summer 
—  -  I  Q.,.  Sows.  Eighty  at  our  homo  farm, 

-  Makes  the  liorso  sound,  stay  sound  I  y 10  lumonths  old,  some  of  them  bred;  selected  from 

rxr<  A  'TTT  m/\  tTn  .  -  ___  Jargelitters  out  of  mature  dams.  *:i5  up.  Come  and 

DEATH  TO  HE  A.  VES  *  l0°k  1UM  OVOr-  H  C-  8  H-  B-  HflRPEND»<C.  Dundee.  W.Y 

The  Hr  si  or  second  $1.00  can  cures  Heaves.  The  third 
can  is  guaranteed  to  cure  or  money  refunded. 

$1.00  per  can  at  dealers,  or  express  prepaid. 

THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO.,  Toledo.  Oblo 


Tho  dairy  business  in  this  section  seems 
to  be  in  a  very  satisfactory  condition.  Sev¬ 
eral  small  farmers  hack  on  the  hills  have 
Increased  their  output  and  are  taking  their 
milk  to  the  shipping  station,  which  they 
have  never  done  before.  The  price  received 
at  the  shipping  station  is  about  $1.17  per 
hundred,  on  an  average,  for  the  six  months 
ending  with  September.  The  retail  price 
for  the  bottled  milk  for  the  same  period  is 
five  cents  per  quart,  and  in  nearby  villages 
that  are  much  larger,  the  same  price  for  re¬ 
tail  milk  holds.  Farming  seems  to  be  car¬ 
ried  on  in  a  much  more  progressive  and 
profitable  way  than  ever  before.  The  farm¬ 
ers  are  not  only  pushing  their  dairies  with 
vigor  and  more  intelligence  than  in  the  past, 
but  they  are  cultivating  hotter  and  are 
paying  more  attention  to  tho  money-making 
crops,  such  as  cabbage,  potatoes  and  the 
canning  crops.  They  seem  to  be  making 
good.  H 

Ilubbardsville,  N.  Y. 


You  can  keep  your 
Stalls  and  cows  clean 
with  half  the  labor — 
save  time,  and  feed, 
and  1  ncrease  your 
profits  because  o  f  tho 
exclusive  patented  features  of  the 

James  Sanitary  Barn  Equipment 

Saves  Its  costln  a  year’s  time.  Without  the 
James  Equipment  you  spend  an  amount  equiva¬ 
lent  toi  ts  costt  n  unnecessary  expense  of  barn 
work,  in  wastedfeed,  in  ruined  udders  and  un¬ 
healthy  cows,  so  why  not  have  the  James 
Equipment  to  show  for  the  money  spent— and 
save  the  amount  each  succeeding  year. 

Write  for  Book  No.  8  1  f  interested  in  Stalls 
and  Stanchions— and  Book  No.  9 1  f  interested  In 
Litter  or  Feed  Carriers.  Either  or  both  sent 
FREE.  Bo  sure  to  state  number  of  cows  owned. 

KENT  MFC.  CO.,  3l30Caue  St,  Fort  Atkinson,  Wis. 


All  the  milk  in  this  section  is  sold  either 
to  the  Bordens  or  the  Sheffield  Farms  asso¬ 
ciation.  The  Bordens  have  a  condensery  at 
Wassaic,  (the  oldest  condensery  in  the 
country.)  The  Sheffields  have  a  receiving 
station  at  Amenia,  three  miles  north  of 
Wassaic.  Each  draws  from  its  own  terri¬ 
tory.  They  pay  the  same  price  delivered  at 
their  plant,  viz.,  by  the  100,  April,  $1.50; 
May,  $1.25;  June,  $1.10;  Julv,  $1.30; 
August,  $1.40;  September,  $1.50.  They  con¬ 
tract  every  six  months,  from  April  to* Octo¬ 
ber  and  from  October  to  April.  Their  retail 
price  I  do  not  know.  Locally  the  price  is 
five  cents  per  quart.  As  for  the  farmers 
being  satisfied  they  never  are.  They  think 
the  milk  company  always  offers  the  lowest 
prices  that  farmers  will  accept.  The  cut  in 
price  last  Spring  was  a  source  of  grievance 


MINERAL 
*  HEAVE 

REMEDY 


DUROR^  THK  1JIG’  ,)EE1’  EELI.OWS 

.■» VMM Ve#  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHLNANGO  IilVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa, 

I  SHE«^h  £flRM  reglsle/'e<1  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 

Bied  Sows.  Servico  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 


C.  K.  BARNES,  Oxford.  N.  Y. 


CHESHIRES 


The  pig  with  a  long,  square 
body  and  good  hams,  weigh¬ 
ing  moro  than  ho  appears  to. 

■  Morningside  Farm,  Sylvania,  Pa. 


NEGLECT 
Will  Ruin\ 
YourHorse 

Send  today  for 
only 

permanent! 


$3  PACKAGE 

will  cure  any  case  or 
money  refunded. 

$1  PACKAGE 

cures  ordinary  cases.  „ 
Postpaid  on  receipt  of  price./ ?  ™ 
Afjantm  Wanted 

Write  for  descriptive 
booklet 


SAFE 

CERTAIN  _  _ 

Mineral  Heave  Remedy  Co.  ,461  Fourth  Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa. 


FflR  F~LDUR0C  JERSEY  BOARS-One  choice 

I  Ull  OHLL  BROOD  SOW  bred  for  1st  of  Soptem- 
bor  1'  arrow- Some  nice  SPRING  PIGS.  Address 
1  J.  H.  LEWIS,  R.  F.  D.  No.  2,  Cadiz,  Ohio. 

[  Large  English  Yorkshire  and  Mulefoot  Swine 

all  AGES,  BOTH  SEXES,  FOR  SALE, 

CHARLES  C.  ALLEN,  Greene,  New  York 

|  Spring  Hill  Yorkshires-;’1^'  “"TV.'X 

sale.  Quality  and  prices  right.  CHAS. 
H.  LMLNS.  Spring  Hill  Farm,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


D  O  G-  S 


Quinn’s  Ointment 

dooa  for  the  horse  what  no  other  remedy  can  do. 
There’s  not  a  curb,  splint,  spavin,  wind  puff  or  bunch 
that  it  will  not  remove.  Sure  and  speedy.  Thous¬ 
ands  of  horse  owners  use  it — Quinn’s  alone.  They 
regard  it  as  the  unfailing  remedy. 

PRICE  SI. OO  PER  BOTTLE. 

At  all  druggists  or  sent  by  mail.  Testimonials  free. 

W.  B.  Eddy  ft  Co.,  Whitehall,  Now  York. 


THE  CONNECTICUT 
AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE 

Four-year  Course  in  Agriculture  for  grad- 
uates  ot  high  schools.  Dogree  of  D.  S. 

Four-year  Course  inAgrieulturefortlio.se 
who  have  t  completed  two  yoars  of  high 
school  work.  Diploma  on  graduation. 

Two-year  School  of  Agriculture  open  to 
those  who  liavo  had  a  common  school 
education. 

Two-year  School  of  Mechanic  Arts  open 
to  those  who  have  completed  two  years  of 
high  school  work. 

J  wo-ycar  School  of  Home  Fconomics 

open  to  those  who  have  had  a  common 
school  education 

.  .  .  Send  for  Catalog  .  .  . 

CHARLES  L.  BEACH,  President,  Box  A,  Slorrs,  Conn. 


m 


KENDALL'S  5PAVIN  CURE 


''KENDALL'S 
IN  CIRf 


The  world-wide  remedy. 
Once  used,  always  used. 
Cures  Spavin,  Spllni,  King- 
hone.  Curb,  Swellings,  Lame¬ 
ness. 

$1  a  Bottle;  6  for  $5 

All  druggists.  Got  f reo  book, 
“Treatise  on  tho  liorso.” 

DR.  B.  J.  KENDALL  CO. 
Enosburg  Falls.  Vermont  I 


Perclieron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
at  farmers’  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
JMiddlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  ()., 
on  1  enna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O, 

Terre  Haute  Veterinary  College 

A  complete  practical  course  in  Veterinary  Science. 
„  „  today  for  catalogue  and  information. 

DR.  fe.  V.  RAMSEY',  TERRE  HAUTE,  IND. 


BLUE  BLOOD  COLLIE  PUPPIES 

Ten  Champions  of  England  in  their  Pedigree.  Price,  $10.00. 
hend  $.>.011 'with  order  and  balance  on  receipt  of 
puppy.  FIVE  MALES  tor  sale.  .Send  your  order  at 
A  chance  not  often  found. 

j  ROBERT  S.  WEST  .  Thorneycroll  Farm  .  Perry,  Ohio. 

(JOLLjE  PUPS  from  Imported  Champion  Mood;  real 
u  drivers;  strong,  farm-grown,  beautiful  pups;  $5 
|  each  and  up,  BROOKSIDE  FARMS.  Prospect.  Ohio. 

COLLIE  PUPS  !  Sire,  a  son  of  “Ch.  Squire  of  Tyt- 
ton.”  Males,  $7;  females,  open  or  spayed,  $5. 
clovbknook  Fkuit  Fa  km,  Cnambersburg,  l’a. 


P.fll  I  IF  PI  I  PC— From  imported  stock.  Females 

UULLIL  I  Ul  Ocheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 


SIIEEI? 


Grade  DnrspI  I  would  sell  twenty 

„  ,  °r  .  ,  IV'Ve8  high  grade  Dorsot 

ewes  good  ones.  Also  a  few  registered  Dorset  ram 
lambs.  JOHN  A.  LOREMUS,  Gladstone,  N.  J. 


FOR  SAI  F~S?gistered  rambouillet 

j, UG  RAMS;  O.  I.  O.  SWINE. 

C.  VV.  HA LLIDA Y,  North  Chatham,  N.  Y. 


VETERINARY  INSTRUMENTS 

(Trocars,  Hopples,  Impregnators),  for 
Horses,  Cattle,  Swine,  Poultry,  Ktc. 
Received  only  award  World's  Fairs 
Chicago,  St.  Louis.  Writo  for  Illus¬ 
trated  Catalogue. 

HAUSSMANN  &  DUNN  CO., 

708  So.  Clark  Street,  Chicago,  Illinois 


1911. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


800 


The  Henyard. 


Kainit  on  Poultry  Droppings. 

I  don’t  like  your  plan  for  treatment  of 
poultry  droppings.  We  use  kainit  only,  and 
removing  the  droppings  every  morning,  place 
In  a  pile  in  barn  cellar,  sprinkling  the 
kainit  over  it  and  during  the  last  heated 
term  with  the  mercury  108  in  the  shade 
there  was  not  any  perceptible  odor.  We 
us  probably  1,200  to  1,500  pounds  annual¬ 
ly.  The  manure  does  not  lump  or  grow 
hard,  is  very  easily  handled  with  the  shovel 
and  can  be  evenly  distributed.  If  one  had 
a  manure  spreader  1  should  think  it  would 
work  perfectly.  The  pile  of  dressing  is 
never  shoveled  over  until  loaded  for  distri¬ 
bution.  We  have  used  acid  rock  lilrerally 
but  it  is  unsatisfactory  and  always  shows 
loss  of  nitrogen  from  odor.  If  you  would 
use  kainit  once  you  would  always  do  so. 

Maine.  f.  c.  cuktis. 


Medicines  for  Diarrhoea. 

Some  time  ago  mention  was  made  of  vari¬ 
ous  "cholera  mixtures”  which  were  used  in 
the  drinking  water  when  little  chicks  show 
signs  of  diarrhoea.  What  are  these  mix¬ 
tures?  .  j.  s. 

One  was  the  “Sun  cholera  mixture,”  con¬ 
sidered  one  of  the  best  remedies  for  “Sum¬ 
mer  complaint.”  It  contains  equal  parts  of 
tincture  of  opium,  tincture  of  capsicum, 
tincture  of  rhubarb,  spirits  of  camphor  and 
spirits  of  peppermint.  These  are  to  be  well 
mixed  and  filtered.  Another  remedy  is 
"Squibb’s  diarrhoea  mixture.”  This  con¬ 
tains  20  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture  of 
opium,  20  tincture  of  capsicum,  20  spirits  of 
camphor,  7^  chloroform,  32  Mi  alcohol. 
These  remedies  will  help  some  forms  of 
diarrhoea,  but  will  not,  of  course,  cure  the 
“white  diarrhoea”  which  we  have  been  re¬ 
cently  talking  about.  That  is  caused  by  a 
definite  germ,  as  explained. 

We  have  received  a  number  of  sure 
“cures”  for  white  diarrhoea.  They  run  from 
feeding  blood  meal  to  using  sulphuric  acid 
in  tlic  drinking  water.  No  doubt  such 
things  are  useful  in  some  forms  of  bowel  i 
trouble,  but  where  the  disease  is  caused  by 
a  definite  germ  we  can  see  that  such  reme¬ 
dies  cannot  be  expected  to  “cure.” 


we  are  eating.  As  the  cream  was  56  de¬ 
grees  it  takes  an  hour  and  a  half  to  churn. 
We  use  a  six-pound  combination  print  and 
the  slate  shelves  in  our  refrigerator  hold  six 
pounds.  Two  slates  slides  into  grooves, 
one  in  front  of  the  other.  These  slates  have 
wet  butter  paper  on  them  when  we  print. 
I  get  these  slates  out,  and  the  salt  weighed 
and  the  water  ready  to  wash  the  butter 
when  the  churning  comes.  While  I  am 
working  the  butter  my  man  washes  the 
churn  and  while  I  am  printing  it  he  cuts 
the  pounds  and  puts  on  fresh  papers  on 
the  slates;  after  which  we  wash  up.  Our 
cream  vat  has  a  water  jacket  on  ice  box. 

This  is  haying  time  but  today  is  lowering 
so  I  keep  up  steam  and  rip  up  some  planks 
which  we  have  wanted  for  some  time.  One 
team  has  been  cultivating  corn  with  a  Tower 
surface  cultivator  and  another  man  has 
been  working  up  for  wood  some  stuff  left 
from  fixing  over  the  barn,  also  we  have 
been  working  in  the  garden.  It  has  been 
very  dry  here  for  the  last  three  weeks,  only 
one  small  shower.  Haying  has  gone  on  with 
very  little  work.  Mowing  and  raking  one 
day  and  bunching  and  getting  in  the  next. 
We  have  two  racks,  one  19  feet  long  and 
another  24x6  feet  on  the  rail.  We  start  to 
get  the  cows  at  4  p.  m.,  having  a  feed  of 
hay  for  them  in  the  cribs  ;  get  the  separator 
to  gather  cream  into  the  vat  and  go  to 
supper  at  4.45;  start  milking  at  5;  feed 
grain  while  separating.  I  should  have  said 
in  connection  with  grain  feeding  that  we 
study  each  cow  and  feed  according  to  her 
needs.  Some  cows  can  take  care  of  more 
cornmeal  than  others,  etc.  Then  wo  feed 
calves  and  pigs,  and  another  feed  of  hay 
for  the  cows,  clean  them  out,  and  our  work 
for  the  day  is  done.  But  perhaps  not  for 
me.  Once  a  week  I  have  120  pounds  of 
butter  to  do  up  and  day  before  churnings 
I  (ill  the  boiler,  get  the  fire  ready  to  start, 
and  this  hot  spell  there  is  ice  most  every 
night.  I  might  instead  of  writing  this  have 
gone  to  the  Odd  Fellows  whose  hall  is  a 
mile  away,  and  every  other  Thursday  the 
Orange  meets,  and  my  man  and  I  belong 
to  the  band,  which  meets  twice  a  week, 
and  the  wife  and  I  belong  to  the  Rebeccas 
who  met  every  fortnight. 

Skowhegan,  Maine.  fkrnsidk  dairy. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Low  Prices  for 
Dairy  Products 

will  eat  up  next  year’s  profits  if  you 
don’t  do  something  to  counteract  them. 

You  can  apply  brains  to  the  dairy 
business  and  save  the  situation  just  as  a 
banker  meets  financial  conditions. 

The  solution  of  your  problem  is  to 
produce  the  product  for  less  money  in 
order  to  meet  low  prices  and  still  main¬ 
tain  your  profit.  Two  men  with  a 

Sharpies  Mechanical  Milker 

will  milk  as  many  cows  in  the  same 
length  of  time  as  seven  hand  milkers. 
The  product  will  be  better  and  your 
profit  greater,  even  at  the  present  prices. 

Catalog  “E”  tells  you  how. 

DAIRY  SPECIALTY  COMPANY,  Trust  Bldg.,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


Saving  Time  with  Hens. 

1  was  greatly  pleased  to  see  C.  C.  Clem¬ 
ents,  on  page  729,  take  Mapes  to  task,  al¬ 
though  there  is  nothing  wrong  about  Mapes 
except  that  his  story  is  misleading,  unless 
read  closely.  He  does  so  much  in  five  min¬ 
utes,  but  he  fails  to  tell  us  how  much  time 
"my  man”  takes  to  put  the  feed  so  con¬ 
venient,  or  how  much  the  one  consumes  on 
the  droppings.  It  takes  me  40  to  60  min¬ 
utes  every  day  of  the  week  to  gather  drop¬ 
pings  from  1,000  heads.  That  includes 
young  stock,  but  it  would  be  less  if  I  let 
some  one  else  do  it.  He  says  the  drop¬ 
pings  pay  for  the  cleaning  when  necessary, 
perhaps  weekly ;  if  so,  I  will  tell  him  that 
he  does  not  care  for  his  hens,  as  no  hen 
Is  cared  for,  when  she  has  plenty  of  drop¬ 
pings  under  her  nostrils,  or  to  scratch  in. 
It  makes  no  difference  who  keeps  the  hens. 
It  looks  considerably  like  some  one  with 
clerks  working  all  day  keeping  things  in 
running  order,  and  the  proprietor  going  to 
the  office  for  15  or  20  minutes  in  the  morn¬ 
ing  to  indorse  the  checks  received  by  the 
clerks,  and  then  claiming  he  only  had  to 
work  15  minutes  a  day  for  the  checks. 
With  Mapes  it  is  one  little  secret  that 
helps  him,  that  is,  picking  up  four  eggs  at 
a  time.  It  look  simple  as  rolling  over  in 
bed,  but  try  it  and  see  how  many  times 
you  will  miss  the  fourth  egg.  I  strive  to 
save  labor,  but  Mapes  has  us  beaten  a  mile, 
yes,  two  miles,  as  I  have  to  draw  my  own 
grain  that  distance,  and  put  in  the  hop¬ 
pers  myself.  w.  J.  dougan. 

New  Jersey. 


A  MAINE  DAIRY  DAY. 

On  July  16  we  started  for  the  barn  at 
4  :30  A.  M.,  gave  the  horses  hay  and  while 
father  was  feeding  grain  to  cows  and  horses 
I  cleaned  the  barn  and  sprinkled  sawdust 
under  the  cows.  Now  I  shall  have  to  stop 
to  explain.  When  a  kid  I  had  quite  a  large 
express  wagon,  the  largest  of  the  kind  I  have 
ever  seen  and  as  I  was  brought  up  to  take 
care  of  things  it  is  in  very  good  condition. 

I  made  a  body  or  bin,  which  is  set  on  top  of 
the  wagon  body,  having  four  compartments 
for  Indian  meal,  bran,  cottonseed  meal  and 
pca-and-oat  meal  which  we  raise.  Also  a 
shelf  on  the  back  for  salt  and  whatever  cow 
medicine  we  want.  A*s  to  cleaning  out  the 
manure.  There  is  an  eight-foot  story  un¬ 
der  our  cows,  not  a  cellar  but  all  above 
ground,  with  large  doors  on  each  side  of 
barn  to  open,  in  Summer  and  two  ven¬ 
tilators  2x2  feet,  which  take  all  the  foul 
air  so  that  none  comes  up  into  the  cow  ties. 
Editor  Hoard  comes  down  hard  on  the  ex¬ 
tremely  unsanitary  condition  of  this  Maine 
way  of  handling  manure,  but  I  think  I  have 
made  as  much  of  a  study  of  this  subject 
as  he,  and  with  the  King  system  of  ventila¬ 
tion,  plenty  of  light  and  cleaning  barn  three 
times  in  Summer  and  five  times  in  Winter 
using  sawdust  freely,  that  our  barn  may  be 
sweeter  than  his.  We  have  a  continuous 
scuttle  about  60  feet  long  and  it  takes  from 
four  to  eight  minutes  to  clean  out  20  cows 
and  bed  them.  Another  item ;  I  will  defy  } 
anyone  to  produce  a  healthier  herd  of  cows 
kept  in  any  condition,  and  as  proof  of  the 
pudding,  our  butter  at  the  State  dairy  con¬ 
vention  scores  from  93  to  95.  The  cement 
lloor  fellows  who  only  clean  out  once  a  day 
can’t  do  much  better  than  that. 

At  5  the  hired  man  gets  round  and  we 
start  milking.  This  morning,  when  he  ear¬ 
ned  the  first  milk  down  to  the  dairy  house 
he  started  a  fire  under  the  boiler,  but  when 
1  got  down  with  the  rest  of  the  milk  steam 
wasn’t  up  so  I  went  over  to  the  dwelling 
house  and  got  water  for  churn  which  I 
scalded  and  rinsed  with  cold  water.  Then 
i  started  the  cream  running  from  a  high 
vat  into  the  churn  and  I  started  the  sepa¬ 
rator  which  is  run  by  electric  motor.  By 
the  time  the  separating  is  done  the  cream  is 
m  the  churn,  the  engine  is  oiled  and  12 
pounds  of  steam  up.  I  start  the  churn 
and  go  to  breakfast  at  about  seven.  An¬ 
other  man  comes  at  seven  who  works  by  the 
day  and  cleans  and  waters  the  horses  while 


Why  should  YOU  experiment  or 
take  chances  with  anything  else  ? 

THE  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  CO. 


166-167  BROADWAY, 
NEW  YORK. 


28  C.  MADISON  ST- 
CHIC  AGO. 


Save  Money  On 

Your  Ensilage  Gutter 

Don't  decide  till  you  Ret  our  prices  and  ■■■■ 

facts  to  prove  absolutely  incomparable  I 

quality.  No  other  silage  cutter  cuts  on-  ^ 

sllaRO  and  dry  fodder  so  quickly,  on  so  little  power 
at  so  little  cost  as  the  world-famous 

Gale-Baldwin 

and  we  want  to  prove  it  to  you.  Furnished  with  elevators 
to  fill  the  highest  silos.  Safety  fly  wheel,  safety  treadle  lever. 

Cut  4  different  lengths,  cut  fastest,  feed  easiest.  With  or 
without  traveling  feed  table.  Don’t  waitl  Write  now  for 
prices  and  Free  Book  of  Facts.  Address 

The  Belcher  &  Taylor  A.  T.  Co. 

Box  75, 

Chicopee  Falls,  Mass. 


Sta-Rite  Farm 


WHEN  you  buy  the  old  reliable 
Sta-Rite  Gasoline  Engine,  you 
get  absolute  freedom  from  battery 
troubles  and  expense.  Because 
the  Sta-Rite  has  no  batteries. 

Ignition  is  furnished  by  the  mar¬ 
velous  Sta-Rite  Magneto  which 
is  built  right  intoand  is  mechan¬ 
ically  a  part  of  the  cylinder 

No  batteries  to  be  renewed 
and  no  loose  connections  to 
stop  the  engine. 


THE  Guaranteed 
! 


The  Sta-Rite  Magneto  has  one  wire 
only  and  throws  a  big  fat  spark  abso¬ 
lutely  regardless  ol  speed  of  engine.  And 
you'll  get  the  same  kind  of  spark  in  five 
years  that  you  do  the  first  day  All  the 
Sta-Rite  Engines  (except  the  tW  and  V/t 
horse  power  sires)  are  now  equipped  with 
the  Sta-Rite  Magneto  ignition  and  yet 
prices  remain  the  same.  Full  particulars 
sent  for  the  asking  if  you  mention  this  paper' 


Sta-Rite  is  un¬ 
questionably  the  simplest  ( 
and  strongest  farm  engine  in 

America.  Neat  in  design  and  strictly  high-^^-  grade  thru- 
out  Always  runs  smoothly  Carries  its  load  without  a  murmur 

Fully  Guaranteed.  Stays  Right,  Year  After  Year 
Because  it  is  Made  Right 

-because  we  positively  will  not  build 
a  cheap  “bargain"  engine 
l.  ,our  dealer  cannot  supply  you. 
write  for  illustrated  folder  show¬ 
ing  the  complete  Sta-Rite  Line. 


Sta-Rite 
Engine  Co. 

La  Crosse,  Wis. 


Arrow  points  to 
Sta-Rite  Magneto 


Sowing  Wheat  Between  Corn 
Rows. 

It  surely  pays  to  sow  wheat  between 
rows  of  standing  corn  under  certain 
conditions.  Suppose  that  the  corn  is 
late  in  maturing,  the  farmer  can  go  on 
with  his  seeding  and  get  his  crop  in  the 
ground  in  ample  time  by  using  a  Su¬ 
perior  ^one-horse  five  disc  or  five  hoe 
drill.  These  drills  are  made  in  the  fol¬ 
lowing  styles;  Five  Disc  Plain  Grain 
and  Combined  Grain  and  Fertilizer 
styles,  also  Five  Floe  in  same  styles. 
Grass  seed  attachments  can  be  furnished 
for  any  of  these  drills.  These  one-horse 
machines  have  the  same  style  feeds  as 
on  large  size  Superior  Grain  Drills. 
They  are  fully  and  unreservedly  guar¬ 
anteed  by  the  makers,  The  American 
Seeding  -  Machine  Co.,  Incorporated, 
Springfield,  Ohio.  Write  for  the  Su¬ 
perior  catalogue  and  if  you  are  contem¬ 
plating  the  purchase  of  a  drill  of  this 
kind  go  to  your  implement  dealer  and 
insist  on  seeing  the  Superior.  Remem¬ 
ber,  ‘‘The  name  tells  a  true  story.” 


GREEN  MOUNTAIN  SILOS 

Write  TODAY  for  Booklet  to 
CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MANUFACTURING  CO 
338  West  St.,  Rutland,  Vt. 

SILO  FILLING 
MACHINERY 

BLOWER  and  Travel. 

Ing  FEED  TABLE 


Made 
in 

sizoa  to 
Buit  all 
wants 
from  5  to 
15  II. P. Engine. 

Sold  on  their  own  merits. 

No  Money  Required  with  Order 

Fill  Your  Silo— Pay  Afterwarda 

Write  for  catalog  and  information.  A  postal  will  do. 

The  E.  W.  ROSS  CO.,  Box  13  Springfield,  O. 

A  complete  stock  of  machines  and  repairs  carried 
witli  The  FairbanksCo.,  Syracuse,  N.Y.,  Mallalleu 
<fc  Conrey,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Brlnton  &  Worth, 
Westchester  Pa., Fred  11. Fuller, Gouvernour,N.Y. 


Guaranteed 
Ensilage  Cutter 


BLIZZARD 


\  Sold  on  merit  backed  by  38  years'  succosi. 

Proved  strongest,  most  durable,  smoothest 
running.  Cuts  green  or  dry  feod  and  ele¬ 
vates  any  height.  Knives  adjustable  at 
any  time.  Perfected  construction  through- 
~  out.  Mounted  or  unmounted.  Ask 

for  freo  book,  "Why  Silago  Pays. " 


Jos.  Dick  Mfg.  Co. 
1426  W.Tutcarawas  St. 
Canton,  Ohio 


L 

i 

r 

i 

HARDER  MFG.  C( 

BOX  11  COBLESKILL,  N. 

i. 

1 

r 

i 

1 

Kj 

r 

Smalley  ™.R.CE  FEED 
^  silo  Fillers 

The  only  machine  with  force  feed  table, 
automatic  feed  rolls,  aud  safety  fly 
.wheel  and  belt  pulley  which  loosen 
Wh  automatically  from  the  shaft 
and  thus  keep  foreign  Hubstances 
out  of  the  knives  and  blower.  Greater 
capacity,  greater  safety,  greater 
k  convenience,  less  power,  less 
repairs.  Send  for  catalogue. 

HARDER  MFC,.  CO. 
Box  n.Cobleskill, N. Y. 


“THE  BETTER  WAY- 
DISTRIBUTER 

Our  Improved  pa  tun  ted  open 
throat  elbow  with  sliding 
door  regulate!  the  blast  of 
your  blower  through  our 
Flexible  Distributor.  It  in¬ 
creases  the  capacity  of  your 
ello,  mixes,  distributes  and 
firmly  packs  the  feed  almost 
automatically.  “It  prevents 
tho  spoiling  of  tho  ensilage” 
Saves  Its  cost  In  labor  over 
and  over  again.  Fits  any 
blower.  Sold  on  trial.  Thou¬ 
sands  In  use.  “Nothing  like 
It.”  We  pay  the  freight. 
Now  Is  the  time  to  order. 
d?-|f  you  own  a  Silq,  write 
now  for  our  Special  Offer. 

W.  W.  BATEMAN  CO. 
140  3d  St.,  Boonville,  Ind. 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOR 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 
GUARANTEED  MONEY-SAVING 


INTERNATIONAL 

SILOS 


strongest  built,  simplest  to  put  up  and  easiest  operated 
on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take- up  hoop- 
continuous  open-door  front — air-tight  door  and  per* 
manent  ladder  are  some  of  the  unusual  features.  Th« 

ImUrBatlonal  Silo  Ctu.  1 1  Main  at..  LineariM*.  Bn* 

Licensed  under  Harder  Patent  on  Round  Silos. 


THE  UNADILLA  SILO 

Is  superior  to  any  other  offered. 
A  practical  Silo  for  a  sensible 
farmer.  Write  for  our 
“TWENTY-FIVE  REASONS” 
why  it  is  the  best. 

We  also  manufacture  Farm 
Water  Tubs  and  are  New  Eng¬ 
land  x'eprosentatives  for  Papec 
Cutters  and  are  in  position  to 
quote  low  prices  upon  receipt  of 
inquiry.  Extra  discount  for 
early  orders.  Agents  wanted. 


THE  UNADILLA  SILO  CO.,  Inc.,  Box  8.  UNADILLA.  N.  Y. 


810 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


August  5, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


The  noted  singer,  Enrico  Caruso,  has 
been  on  a  “sucker  list”  and  took  the 
tempting  bait.  He  bought  1,000  shares 
of  the  Standard  Nitrogen  Company  for 
$5,000,  and  paid  $2,000  in  cash.  The 
company  went  into  bankruptcy  and  the 
receiver  sued  Caruso  for  the  $3,000  bal¬ 
ance.  The  court  ruled  that  the  com¬ 
plaint  did  not  make  clear  the  respon¬ 
sibility  of  Caruso,  and  found  for  the  de¬ 
fendant.  If  the  distinguished  singer 
had  consulted  The  R.  N.-Y.  before  in¬ 
vesting  in  this  alluring  farm  proposi¬ 
tion,  he  might  have  saved  his  $2,000 
and  the  annoyance  of  a  lawsuit. 

Indictments  charging  conspiracy  to  use 
the  mails  to  defraud  were  filed  yesterday 
by  the  federal  grand  jury  against  Archie 
L.  Wisner,  Emmett  S.  Wisner,  John  J. 
Meyers  and  Charles  F.  Humphrey.  A  sep¬ 
arate  indictment  was  filed  against  the  firm 
of  A.  1..  Wisner  &  Co.,  of  No.  225  Fifth 
avenue,  with  which  all  the  defendants  were 
connected.  The  charges  grew  out  of  the 
sale  of  stock  by  the  concern  in  the  “United 
Tonopali  and  Goldfield  Mines,  Limited.”  The 
Fifth  avenue  offices  of  the  Wisner  company 
were  raided  by  postoffice  inspectors  last 
March. — City  Paper. 

We  hope  the  Government  will  keep 
right  on  rounding  up  the  promoters  of 
worthless  stock  sales.  The  evil  has  as¬ 
sumed  vast  proportions,  and  every  at¬ 
tempt  to  suppress  these  is  a  benefit  to 
the  people. 

I  have  a  little  bill  against  J.  A.  Ilodgdon 
of  Berlin,  N.  II.,  which  I  wish  you  would 
try  to  collect  for  me.  I  sent  him  tomato 
plants  to  the  value  of  $6.40,  and  he  pays 
no  attention  to  my  requests  for  settlement. 

Maine.  L.  b.  w. 

We  were  unable  to  get  any  reply 
from  Mr.  Hodgdon,  and  placed  the  ac¬ 
count  with  our  attorney  for  collection, 
who  reports  that  he  is  holding  several 
executions,  amounting  to  about  $1,000, 
against  this  party,  and  is  unable  to 
make  any  progress,  so  that  it  would 
seem  useless  to  attempt  collection  of 
this  claim  at  this  time.  We  repeat  our 
advice  given  so  often:  Do  not  ship 
goods  to  parties  without  satisfactory 
reference. 

My  wife  raises  violets  for  sale,  and  wishes 
you  to  trv  to  collect  an  account  against  F. 
B.  Holland,  Greenville,  S.  C.,  a  florist.  She 
can  get  no  reply  to  her  letters.  Do  the 
best  you  can  lor  her.  When  I  first  com¬ 
menced  to  take  The  R.  N.-Y.  she  did  not 
think  much  of  it,  hut  now  I  often  hear  her 
quoting  from  it  and  we  both  prize  it  highly. 

Virginia.  a.  c.  s. 

This  party  accepted  the  violets  and 
signed  for  them,  but  refused  to  make 
any  other  acknowledgment.  He  failed 
to  reply  to  our  letters,  and  attorneys 
report  that  he  has  since  failed  and  left 
the  country.  We  do  not  have  his  pres¬ 
ent  address.  We  do  not  usually  refer 
to  concerns  who  have  made  an  honest 
failure  in  their  business,  but  as  these 
goods  were  accepted  in  November,  1909, 
we  feel  Mr.  Holland  has  had  ample  op¬ 
portunity  to  make  the  matter  right. 

There  is  a  device  named  “The  Mann  In¬ 
dicator”  manufactured  in  Alliance,  Ohio,  for 
the  information  of  trolley  passengers,  which 
shows  the  next  street  ahead  as  they  are 
passed.  Stock  in  this  concern  is  being 
offered  and  considerable  sold  to  people  of 
small  means.  Can  you  give  me  any  informa¬ 
tion  as  to  their  responsibility?  Or  can 
vou  tell  me  why  they  are  incorporated  un¬ 
der  the  laws  of  West  Virginia  with  their 
main  office  in  Pittsburg  and  the  manufac¬ 
turing  works  located  in  Alliance,  Ohio? 

Ohio.  J.  M.  s. 

We  have  no  definite  information  about 
this  concern,  but  we  do  not  hesitate,  to 
advise  our  people  to  leave  stock  selling 
concerns  of  the  kind  alone.  They  are 
not  given  any  capital  in  the  reference 
books,  and  only  a  fair  grade  of  credit. 
At  best  it  is  only  a  venture,  and  if  you 
take  pains  to  look  up  the  amount  of 
capital  stock  authorized,  and  the  assets 
of  the  company,  if  it  has  any  tangible 
assets,  you  will  be  able  to  see  what 
your  money  actually  represents.  Such 
companies  are  usually  organized  under 
the  laws  of  such  States  as  give  the 
company  the  greatest  privileges  and  the 
least  restriction  on  their  stock  selling 
schemes. 

I  would  like  to  ask  for  some  information 
about  the  .Tantha  Plantation  Company  of 
Pittsburg,  Pa.,  who  are  exploiting  banana 
orchards  at  Macineso,  Mexico,  near  Texte- 
poc.  They  present  a  very  inviting  proposi¬ 
tion,  giving  away  five-acre  tracts  with  a 
city  lot  for  each,  but  require  that  the  Al¬ 
varado  Construction  Company  be  engaged 
to  clear  the  property  and  set  it  out  to 
bananas  at  the  rate  of  200  trees  to  an  acre, 
for  which  -$150  per  acre  is  charged  by  in¬ 
stallments,  or  $600  cash  down.  Can  you 
advise  me  as  to  the  responsibility  of  these 
concerns  and  the  feasibility  of  the  scheme? 

Michigan.  H.  N.  C. 

We  had  a  caution  about  this  Mexi¬ 
can  Plantation  Co.  in  the  paper  about 
two  years  ago,  and  have  had  a  great 
many  inquiries  since.  At  that  time  we 
made  quite  an  extensive  inquiry  and 
were  unable  to  find  anything  that  would 
justify  an  investment.  We  have  known 
many  land  schemes  promoted  on  just 


the  same  plan.  Many  are  being  pro¬ 
moted  now,  but  we  have  never  known 
one  that  proved  a  success,  and  never  a 
case  where  the  investor  did  not  lose. 


We  have  asked  these  promoters  to  show 
us  a  single  instance  where  one  of  the 
promotion  schemes  has  been  a  success, 
but  nobody  has  produced  such  an  in¬ 
stance  yet.  These  schemes  are  bad 
enough  in  Washington,  Texas  and 
Florida,  where  the  people  have  some 
chance  of  getting  some  information 
about  them — but  for  a  proposition  in 
Mexico,  in  a  country  where  the  peo¬ 
ple  know  nothing  at  all  about  it  and  the 
government  is  disturbed  and  condi¬ 
tions  peculiar,  there  is  abundant  haz¬ 
ard  for  the  small  investor.  We  have 
claims  now  for  subscribers  who  put 
their  money  into  these  land  promotion 
schemes  years  ago  under  big  promises 
of  profit  which  they  never  received  and 
never  will  receive,  and  we  are  unable 
to  get  any  satisfaction  whatever  for 
them.  They  are  all  prolific  in  promises 
and  all  make  elaborate  explanations  of 
why  they  don’t  succeed,  and  many  of 
them  have  the  impudence  to  request 
further  remittances  in  order  to  buy 
more  land  or  make  improvements 
which  they  claim  will  make  the  propo¬ 
sition  profitable.  It  is  an  old  game 
worn  threadbare  and  the  only  safe  rule 
is  to  leave  them  all  alone.  j.  j.  D. 


{arrow  should 
pull 
from  the 


Furnished  with 

Solid  or  Cutaway  Discs 

You  can  save  half  the  time  and  labor  till¬ 
ing  your  land  with  a  Fetzer  4-sectiou  Disc 
Harrow.  One  man  and  4  horses  operate 
safely  a  28  Disc  size,  doing  as  much  work 
as  2  men,  6  horses  and  2  ordinary  harrows. 
Figure  what  that  means  in  dollars-saving 
to  you  ?  Ask  for  the  proof.  Let  us  tell  you 
some  straight  facts  about  Discs  and  good 
Discing.  One  customer  writes  :  “  I  made 
$5  more  per  acre  with  a  Fetzer  by  Double- 
Discing.”  If  you  have  any  farming  in¬ 
terest,  it  is  important  you  should  have  tfae 
Facts.  Write  today  for  Free  Book  No.LI* 

THE  WM.  FETZER  CO„  Springfield,  Ill. 


BULLETIN  35 

Containing  the  complete  FARM  USESof  Avenarius 
Carbolineum,  will  be  mailed  free  upon  request. 
COUNTRY  GENTLEMEN  Says  :  “Every  reader 
should  have  it.”  The  entire  Agricultural  Press 
endorses  its  use,  as  does  the 

United  States  Department  of  Agriculture 
CARBOLINEUM  WOOD  PRESERVING  CO- 
181  Franklin  Street  -  New  York,  N,  Y. 

— 99_%o  %  Pure— 

American  Ingot  Iron  Roofing 

Guaranteed  For  30  Years 

Without  Painting 

The  Only  Guaranteed  Metal  Roofing  ever  put  on  the 
market.  Samples  free.  W rite  for  a  free  book  showing 
remarkable  tests.  A  way  out  of  your  roof  troubles. 

THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  CO..  Dept.  D.  ELYRIA.  OHIO 


CHD  C  Al  E~ About  20  miles  from  Syracuse,' 
■  UH  OflLC  400  acres.  Alfalfa  section.  Timber,1 


ing. 


r  tailing  water  power.  Fine  hunting  ana  nsn- 

M.  WILLIAMS,  1317  East  Genesee  St.,  Syracuse,  N.Y. 


For  Sale, Virginia  farm  between  Washington  City  and  Richmond. 
Write  for  description  and  price.  C.  O.  McSwords,  Guinea,  Va. 

FAR IH 9  Circular  free.  Dept.  151,  Belauds’ 
I  HIIIYIO  i<’arm  Agency,  31  Milk  St.,  Boston 

FARM  50  ACRES-WK 

fair  house,  100  fruit  trees,  on  good  pike,  2  miles  to 
2  tractions,  5  miles  to  Ohio  River.  Will  sell  stock 
and  truck  and  crop  if  sold  by  July.  B.  F.  LEWIS, 
R.  3.  Box  58.  New  Richmond,  Ohio. 


FINE 

TRUCK FARM 

/^\WING  to  business  interests  which 
compel  a  residence  in  another  State, 
I  offer  for  sale  my  high-class  truck  and 
dairy  farm,  including  all  buildings, 
cattle,  machinery,  farming  implements, 
silo  equipment,  etc.,  complete.  Prop¬ 
erty  130  acres  excellent  land  located  on 
fine  water-front,  with  private  landing  in 
heart  of  Norfolk  County  trucking  and 
farming  district.  Mild  and  delightful 
climate  year  round.  Close  proximity  to 
130,000  population. 

Price  $15,000 — Terms  easy. 

-ADDRESS- 

OWNER,  P.  0.  Bex  243,  Portsmouth,  Va. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y..  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


It  Works  Like  a  Kodak. 


The  2.—  Brownie 

For  Pictures  2)4  x  4^  inches. 

DETAIL — Meniscus  Achro¬ 
matic  lens,  Eastman  Rotary 
Shutter,  with  set  of  three  stops, 
for  snap-shots  or  time  expos¬ 
ures.  Equipped  with  two  find¬ 
ers.  Loads  in  daylight  with 
Kodak  Film  Cartridges.  Cov¬ 
ered  with  fine  imitation  grain 
leather  and  has  full  nickeled 
fittings. 

QUALITY — Made  in  the 
Kodak  factory  by  Kodak  work¬ 
men  under  Kodak  superintend- 

pnep 

PRICE,  $3.00. 

Other  Brownies.  $i.oo  to  $12.00. 

EASTMAN  KODAK  CO. 

387  State  St„  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

Catalogue  free  at  the  dealers  or  by  mail. 


“Bestov”  Milk  Cooler 


The  most  economical  cooler  made.  Cools 
and  aerates  milk  quickly,  and  to  within  two 
degrees  of  the  water  temperature.  All  parts 
touched  by  the  milk 
are  copper  or  brass, 
tin  coated, and  easily 
taken  apart  for 
cleaning.  Thor¬ 
oughly  well-made 
and  durable.  It  is 
very  reasonable  in 
price.  Send  for 
catalogue  H,  de¬ 
scribing,  with 
prices,  everything 
for  the  dairy. 

DAIRYMENS 
SUPPLY  CO. 

Philadelphia  and 
Lansdowne,  Pa. 


Yf  GUARANTEED  TO 

■  J  Li  I  KEEP  FLIES  AWAY 

This  Guaranteed  Fly 
Oil  will  increase  your 
milk  output  10  to  20 
per  cent,  by  saving  cows 
energy  wasted  in  fighting 
flies  will  make  your  horses 
quiet  and  easy  to  manage 
by  1  topping  irritating, 
strength  wasting,  fly  fighting. 

If  used  according  to  directions 
WE  ABSOLUTELY  GUARANTEE  NO-FLY 
to  keep  flies  away— not  to  blister— to  kill  lice 

anywhere— not  to  injure  animals  if  they  lick  It— will  not 
taint  milk.  Practical  farmers  everywhere  indorse  NO-FLY 
because  it  does  its  work. 

If  your  dealer  does  not  sell  NO-FLY,  stnd  us  bis  name 
tnd  $1.00  for  Urgt  can  of  NO  FLY  and  Sprayer.  Money 
refunded  if  it  doesn't  do  all  we  cliim.  Active  men  wanted. 

W.  D.  CARPENTER  CO.,  Dept.  6  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


-THE 

i.vANIMALS 
.-■  FRIEND  . 

Keeps  flies  and  all 
insects  and  pests  off 
animals  —  in  barn  or  pas¬ 
ture — longer  thnn  any  imi¬ 
tation.  Used  and  endorsed 
since  1885  by  leading  dairy¬ 
men  and  farmers. 

$1  worth  saves  $20.00 

- ,  -  in  milk  and  flesh  on  each 

cow  in  a  single  season.  Cures  sores,  stops  itching 
ana  prevents  infection.  Nothing  better  for  galls. 
Kills  lice  and  mites  in  poultry  houses. 

CCMn  <Cl  if  your  dealer  can’t  supply  you,  for 
enough  Shoo  -  Fly  to  protect  200 
cows,  and  our  8  -  tube  gravity  sprayer  without 
extra  charge.  Money  back  if  not  satisfactory.  Write 
for  Booklet,  free.  Special  terms  to  agents. 

Shoo-Fly  Mfg.  Co.,  Dept.  P  1310  N.  10th  St.,  Philada. 

RABY  CHICKS — Single  Comb  White  Leghorns, 
A-'  Rose  Comb  Rhode  Island  Reds,  9c  and  12c  each, 
Strong  and  livable.  From  vigorous  free  range  stock, 
bred  for  utility  and  standard  qualities.  Safe  delivery 
guaranteed.  WESLEY  GRINNELL,  Sodus,  N.  Y. 


Rose  Comb  Black  Minorcas  F°SALE.CK 

First  cock  at  Cincinnati,  1909.  Yearling  cock,  first 
at  Ashtabula.  Ten  yearling  Hens,  pure  Mishler 
strain;  fine  layers;  must  sell.  G.  H.  RAY,  Rock  Creek,  0. 


Send 
for  this 
Best  of  All 
Books  on  Lightning 

Not  a  leaflet,  but  a  big  book  (pages 
7x10  inches)  giving  the  most  authentic 
account  of  tne  causes,  formation  and  con¬ 
trol  of  lightning  ever  published.  Finely 
illustrated  with  many  vivid  lightning 
scenes,  reproduced  from  photographs. 
Contains  Prof.  Dodd’s  great  lecture  on 
lightning,  which  convinced  over  2000  Fire 
Insurance  Companies  that  he  could  con¬ 
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Series  of  25  Questions  and  An- 
swers  makes  this  the  Most  Valu¬ 


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issued.  Book  is  Free.  Sentpost- 
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Protect  your  home  and  loved  ones.  Put¬ 
ting  it  off  is  trifling  with  fate.  Lightning 
strikes  thousands  of  buildingseveryyear. 
Your  turn  may  come  this  Summer  or 
Fall.  Act  now.  The  Dodd  System  is 
guaranteed.  Money  back  or  damage 
made  good  under  binding  contract  with 
a  responsible  concern.  Costs  no  more 
than  lightning  rods  erected  by  irrespons¬ 
ible  traveling  lightning  rod  agents.  The 
Dodd  System  gets  the  lowest  rate  of 
insurance — 20%  to  40%  reduction.  Lower 
rates  soon  pay  for  the  lightning  protec¬ 
tion.  Should  you  not  at  least  investigate? 

DODD  &  STRUTHERS, 

437  6th  Avenue, 
Des  Moines,  Iowa. 


WEST  DODD— who  origin¬ 
ated  and  perfected  the 
Dodd  System. 


50,000  MEN  WANTED 

In  Western  Canada 


200  Million  Bushels  Wheat 
to  be  harvested 


Harvest  Help  in  Great  Demand 

Reports  from  the  Provinces  of  Manitoba, 
Saskatchewan  and  Alberta  (Western  Can¬ 
ada)  indicate  one  of  the  best  crops  ever 
raised  on  the  continent.  To  harvest  this 
crop  will  require  at  least  50,000  harvesters. 

Low  Rates  will  be  given 
On  All  Canadian  Roads 

Excursions  are  run  daily  and  full  particulars  will 
be  given  on  application  to  the  following  authorized 
Canadian  Government  Agent.  '1'he  rates  are  made  to 
apply  to  all  who  wish  to  take  advantage  of  them  lor 
the  purpose  of  inspecting  the  grain  Holds  of  Western 
Canada,  and  the  wonderful  opportunities  there 
offered  for  those  whowish  to  invest,  and  also  those 
who  wish  to  take  np  actual  farm  life.  Apply  at 
once  to 

Canadian  Government  Agent 

J.  6.  CRAWFORD 

30  SYRACUSE  SAVINGS  BANK  BUILDING.  SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 

Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  May  return  at  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  Southold,  Suffolk  Co.,  N.  Y. 


THE  FARMER'S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THUS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 


Him  Lake  Poultry  Farm 

White W yandotte  Chicks,  $12  per  100.  Eggs.f 5per  100. 


FOR  SALE-225  BARRED  ROCK  PULLETS 

Parks  Strain,  March  hatch,  nearly  full  grown,  will 
lay  in  September  without  forcing.  Very  uniform  in 
size  and  color.  The  Mackey  Farms,  Gilboa,  N.Y. 


PRIZE  WINNING  STRAINS!  &Tftde 

dottes,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  both  combs,  Single 
Comb  White  and  Brown  Leghorns,  eggs  $1.50,  15; 
$7.00,  100.  Light  and  Dark  Brahmas,  $2.00,  15.  Cat¬ 
alog  gratis.  F.  M.  PRESCOTT,  Riverdale,  N.  J. 


Buff,  Wh.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  S.  C.U.I.  Red. 
Eggs.  90c.  per  15,  $1.50  per  30.  $2.75  per  60,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  Pa. 


5000 


Single-Combed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 
Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hons  at 
right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  best  selections.  Largest  success¬ 
ful  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle.  N.  Y. 


SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  and  Cock¬ 
erels;  any  quantity  at  attractive  prices;  bred-to-lay 
kind. SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington,  N.  J 


q  fi  1CO08  $1.00 — Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  1'oul- 
L  U  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Large  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 


Wo  Will  Co||-for$2.00  for  hens  ami  $2.00to$5.00 
ft  C  If  III  wCII  for  one-year-old  cockerels — our 
surplus  breeding  stock  of  Partridge  Cochins.  Barred 
Rocks,  White  Rocks,  Partridge  Wyandottes. 

MINCH  BROS.  .  II-2  .  Bridgeton,  N.  J- 


P n  1 1 1  TRYMCN-^0"’1  f:lil  toseoure8tock  and 
lUULI  n  I  111  L II  Kggs  at  our  reduced  prices 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS.  Marietta,  Pa. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


811 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  August  5,  1911. 


FARM  TOPICS. 

Rockweed  as  a  Fertilizer .  798 

Hairy  Vetch  as  Horse  Hay .  798 

An  Old-fashioned  Corncrib .  798 

The  Use  of  Raw  Swamp  Muck .  798 

“The  Land  of  Heart’s  Delight” .  799 

The  Student  Labor  Problem .  799 

Alfalfa  in  Connecticut .  799 

Crop  Prospects  . 800 

Late  Seeding  Alfalfa  or  Vetch .  801 

Stuffing  Soil  With  Humus .  801 

Sweet  Potato  Rooting;  Seared  Corn .  801 

Notes  and  Comments .  801 

Hope  Farm  Notes .  802 

Diary  of  Farm  Work .  80S 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

A  “Demonstration”  Farmer’s  Milk  Station. 

Part  1 . 797,  798 

Propagating  the  Family  Cow .  808 

Milk  . .  808 

Boston  Milk  Situation .  808 

A  Good  Record .  808 

Kainit  on  Poultry  Droppings .  809 

Medicines  for  Diarrhoea .  809 

Saving  Time  with  Hens .  809 

A  Maine  Dairy  Day .  809 

HORTICULTURE. 

Avoiding  Spraying  Troubles . 801 

Missouri  Garden  Notes .  803 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day .  806 

Canning  Vegetables  by  Steam .  806 

Chocolate  Caramel  Cake .  806 

Paper  Bag  Cookery .  807 

The  Rural  Patterns .  807 

Raspberry  Cream  .  807 

Getting  Rid  of  Ants .  807 

Raspberry  and  Currant  Souffle . 807 

Currant  Farina  .  807 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

“Guinea  Pigs  as  Lawn  Mowers” . 801 

The  Consumers’  Dollar .  801 

Editorials  .  804 

Other  People’s  Money .  80S 

Publisher’s  Desk  .  810 


MARKETS 

Wholesale  Prices  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  July  28,  1911. 


BUTTKK 

Among  the  receipts  this  week  were  1,800 
packages  of  Canadian  butter  to  be  repacked 
for  export  to  the  tropics.  Prices  have  ad¬ 
vanced  one-half  to  one  cent  on  all  grades. 


Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 26  &  .27 

Good  to  Choice . 22  @  .25 

Lower  Grades  . 18  @  .21 

State  Dairy,  best . 24  ®  .25 

Common  to  Good . 15  @  .23 

Factory . 14  @  .19 

Packing  Stock . 15  ©  ,18J^ 


Elgin  111.  butter  market  firm  at  25  cents. 

Boston,  western  creamery,  26  cents. 

Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  27  cents. 

CHEESE 

The  market  is  slightly  improved,  receipts 
showing  less  heat-damaged  cheese.  Some 
export  business  is  noted  in  stocks  that  can 
he  bought  under  11  cents. 


Full  Cream,  best,  new . 11  ©  .12 

Common  to  Good . 09  ©  ",lo 

Skims . 05  ©  .10 

Old,  common  to  good . 11  ®  -133-6 


EGG8 


Receipts  are  running  better  than  last 
week,  though  a  large  proportion  of  those 
considered  prime  have  to  be  candled  care¬ 
fully  to  get  out  strays. 


White,  good  to  choice . 26  @  .29 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 24  @  .26 

Common  to  Good . 15  @  .18 

Western,  best . 19  @  ,22 

Under  grades . 12  ©  .17 

Checks  and  dirties . 05  ®  .10 


BEANS 

Tea  beans  are  scarce  and  five  cents 
higher.  Marrow,  Medium  and  Red  Kidney 
selling  very  slowly. 


Marrow,  100  lbs.. 

Medium . 

Pea . 

Yellow  Eye . 

Ked  Kidney . 

WhiteKidney. . . . 
Lima,  California 


3.25  @  3  90 
3.15  ®  3.80 
3.35  @  4.00 
3.50  ®  3.60 
5.90  ®  6.30 
5.10  ®  5.25 
6.70  &  6.75 


HOPS 


Market  very  strong,  with  offers  for  new 
crop  up  to  26  cents.  White  mold  is  re¬ 
ported  serious  in  the  New  York  hop  section. 


Prime  to  Choice . 31  @  .32 

Common  to  Good . 29  @  .30 

Pacific  Coast . 29  @  .32 


C1DEK  VINEGAli 


New  York  jobbing  prices  for  single  bar¬ 
rel  lots.  Very  little  vinegar  good  enough 
for  top  quotations  is  offered. 


Extra  Choice  Old,  gal . 22  ®  .24 

Standard  Grade . 13  @  .15 


DRIED  FRUITS 


Business  in  spot  apples  is  so  light  that 
quotations  are  nominal.  Stock  for  future 
delivery  quotable  at  10%,  with  probability 
of  advance  if  wind  damage  in  Western  New 
York  proves  as  great  as  is  feared. 


Apples,  evap.  prime . 14  ®  16 

Evap.,  com.  to  good . 06  @  .13 

Cores  and  Skins . 07  ®  .0716 

Raspberries . 29  ©  .33 

Cherries . 16  ®  .18 


FRESH  FRUITS 

Some  improvement  in  quality  of  now 
apples  is  noted.  Pears  much  more  plentiful 
but  selling  well.  Peach  market  weak  and 
lower.  Arrivals  of  muskmelons  very  heavy, 
prices  low  except  for  Arizona. 


Apples,  Astracban,  bbl . 2.50  @  3.00 

8weet  Bough,  bbl . 2.50  @  3.25 

Duchess .  3.00  ©  4.00 

Nyack . 2.00  @  2.75 

Windfalls,  bbl .  1.25  ©  1.75 

Various,  hf-bbl.-bkt . 75  @  1.50 

Pears,  Southern,  Le  Conte,  bbl . 3.00  @  7.00 

Kieffer .  3.50  ®  4.00 

Bell . 4.00  @  5.50 

Clapp’s .  7.00  @  8.00 

Lawson . 6.00  ®  7.50 

Peaches.  Ga.,  carrier .  1.25  ®  3.25 

Jersey,  crate . 1.75  ®  2.25 

Cherries,  lb . 06  ®  .08 

Muskmelons,  Southern,  crate .  .50  @  1.25 

Maryland,  crate . 76  ®  1.50 

Arizona,  crate .  1.75  ®  2.50 

California,  crate .  1.50  @  2.50 

Watermelons,  Southern,  100 . 10.00  ®25.00 

Huckleberries,  quart . 06  ®  .12 

Blackberries,  qt . 07  ®  .15 

Raspberries,  red,  pint . 05  @  .08 

Currants,  qt . 10  ®  .13 


3.00 

a 

3.75 

3.00 

® 

3.50 

2.00 

© 

2.25 

3.50 

© 

3.75 

5.00 

© 

7.00 

1.00 

® 

2.00 

1.00 

® 

2.00 

.75 

@ 

1.25 

.00 

® 

1.75 

.25 

© 

.40 

.10 

@ 

.40 

1.50 

@ 

3,00 

3.00 

® 

4.50 

.50 

© 

1.75 

1.00 

@ 

1.25 

.50 

® 

1.00 

3.00 

® 

6.00 

.50 

© 

.75 

2.00 

® 

3.00 

1.50 

© 

2.00 

1 .25 

© 

1.50 

1.00 

® 

2.25 

.35 

® 

.75 

.75 

© 

1.60 

1.50 

@ 

2.00 

.50 

@ 

1.00 

.50 

® 

.75 

.50 

® 

1.00 

.75 

@ 

1.00 

1 .00 

® 

2.00 

•a) 

2.25 

® 

.85 

.50 

® 

.75 

.75 

@ 

1.50 

.16 

® 

.18 

.15 

® 

.16 

.08 

@ 

.09 

.12 

© 

.13 

( 3 

.10 

.12 

® 

.13 

VEGETABLES 

Demand  for  potatoes  active,  though  prices 
slightly  lower  than  last  week.  Corn  in  free 
supply  though  selling  well.  Cucumbers 
plenty  and  very  low,  some  selling  under  50 
cents  per  barrel. 

Potatoes,  Jersey,  bbl .  3.00 

Southern,  No.  1.  bbl . 3.00 

Southern.  No.  2,  bbl . . 

Long  Island,  bbl .  3.50 

Sweet  Potatoes,  bbl . 5.00 

Beets,  new,  100  bunches .  1.00 

Carrots,  new,  100  bunches .  1.00 

Cabbage,  Long  Island,  bbl . 75 

Sweet  Corn,  Jersey.  100 . 

Cucumbers,  bu . 

Celery,  Jersey,  bunch . 10 

Cauliflower,  L. I.,  bbl .  1.50 

State,  bbl .  3.00 

Lettuce,  la-hbl.  bkt . 

Peppers,  Southern,  bu .  1.00 

Jersey,  bu . 50 

Horseradish.  100  lbs .  3.00 

Okra.  Jersey,  bu . 50 

Onions,  Long  Island,  bbl . 2.00 

Orange  Co.,  bag .  1.50 

Jersey,  bu .  1.25 

Peas.  State,  bu . 

Radishes.lOO  bunches . 

String  Beans,  bu . 

Lima  Beans,  bu .  1.50 

Spinach,  bbl . 50 

Squash.  Marrow,  bbl . 

i  Crook  Neck,  bbl . 50 

Turnips,  Rutabaga,  bbl . 

White,  bbl . 

Egg  Plants,  Southern,  bbl . 1.75 

Jersey,  bu . . 

Tomatoes,  DeL  and  Md.  crate . 

Jersey,  box . 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Chickens,  Broilers,  lb . 16 

Fowls . 15 

Roosters .  .08 

Ducks . 12 

Geese . 

Turkeys . 12 

DRESSED  poultry— Fresh  Killed 

Turkeys,  best . 14  ® 

Common  to  Good . 12  @ 

Chickens,  fancy  broilers,  lb .  22  ® 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 18  ® 

Fowls .  13  @ 

Spring  Ducks,  lb  . . 13  @ 

Squabs,  doz .  1.00 

DRESSED  POULTRY-FROZEN 

Turkeys,  best . . 22 

ChickeDS,  milk-fed  roasters . 16 

Corn-fed  roasters . 14 

Fowls .  .  II 

HAY  AND  STRAW 
Roceipts  of  lower  grades  heavy, 
market  very  weak. 

Hay,  No.  1,  ton . 27.00  ®  28.00 

No.  2  . 23.00  @  26.00 

No.  3 . 17.00  ®  19.00 

Clover  Mixed . 16.00  ®  22  00 

Clover . 15.00  ®  18.00 

Straw,  Rye . 10.00  @  11.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 8.00  ®  9.00 

LI  YE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 5.75 

Bulls . 3.50 

Cows .  2.00 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs .  6.50 

Culls  . 4.00 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 2.50 

Lambs .  4.60 

Hogs . 6.60 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.09 

No.  2,  Red . 91 

No.  1  Macaroni . 99 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 60 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 45 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 80 

MILL  FEED— Car  Lots 

Spring  Bran,  ton .  25.50  ®  26.50 

Standard  Middlings .  27.  ®60  29.60 

Red  Dog .  28.00  @  30.50 

Hominy  Chop .  24.50  ®  25.70 

Linseed  Meal .  35.00  ®  35.50 

Corn  Meal .  27.00  ®  28.00 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  13.60 

Middling  Gulf .  13.75 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  12.75 

Good  Middling .  13.60 

WOOL 


.15 
.13 
.25 
.20 
.15 
.15 
@  3.50 


13 

<3 

<9 

<3 


.23 

.19 

.16 

.16 


Straw 


@  7.00 
®  4.35 
@  5.00 
@  9.00 
®  5.50 
©  4.00 
@  7.35 
@  7.20 


® 

® 

© 

@ 

@ 

& 


.69 

.47 

.83 


TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadleaf-flller . 

Fine  wrappers  . 

N.  Y. State  Fillers . . 


Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 07h£@ 


Penn,  broad  leaf  fillers . 

CHICAGO 

Butter,  creamery . 

Eggs,  good  to  prime  firsts . 

Live  Turkeys . 


.  .18 

® 

.19 

.  25 

@ 

.26 

.  .23 

@ 

.24 

@ 

.25 

.08 

® 

.10 

.60 

© 

75 

.05 

@ 

.06 

.12 

® 

.16 

.19 

© 

.20 

•0714© 

.09^ 

.10 

@ 

.20 

.12 

® 

30 

.10 

© 

.12 

.20 

© 

.26 

.14 

© 

.17 

.10 

© 

.12 

© 

.15 

© 

.17 

@  4  A0 
@  .10 
@  4.25 


Potatoes,  new,  bbl . 4.00 

Blackberries,  quart _ /. . 06 

Sheep,  100  lbs  . 2.50  _ 

Lambs,  100  lbs . 3.00 ;  ©  7.25 

Hogs . 6.00  ©  7.10 

BUFFALO 

Butter,  creamery . 26  @  .27 

Eggs,  State . 18  ©  .22 

Live  Chickens . 16  ©  .18 

Fowls . 12  ©  .16 

Potatoes,  new.  bbl . 4.50  ©  4.75 

Calves,  live,  100  lbs . 5.50  @  8  75 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 1.50  ©  4.25 

Lambs,  100  lbs . 4.00  @  6.50 

Hogs . 7.00  ©  7.50 

Wheat,  No.  2,  Red .  ®  .89 

Corn . 64  ©  .67 

Oats . 40  ©  .42 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE. 

The  Canadian  Geological  Survey  esti¬ 
mates  that  in  the  Big  Horn  Basin  in  Al¬ 
berta,  a  section  of  about  187  square  miles 
has  6,600,000,000  tons  of  coal  available  for 
working. 

In  the  year  ending  June  30,  1911,  the 
value  of  our  imports  of  non-dutiable  goods 
amounted  to  $778,000,000,  being  $23,000,000 
in  excess  of  the  previous  year.  About 
three-fourths  of  these  duty-free  imports 
were :  Bananas,  Egyptian  cotton,  tea,  raw 
silk,  hides,  copper  ore,  bar  tin,  cocoa,  coffee, 
rubber,  furs,  fertilizers,  art  works  and  un¬ 
cut  precious  stones. 

The  Corn  Outlook. — There  is  no  other 
crop  in  which  so  many  people  are  inter¬ 
ested  at  present.  During  the  extremely  hot 
weather  the  news  was  disquieting,  but  show¬ 
ers  have  come,  and  it  now  seems  that  the 
damage  will  be  light  compared  with  first 
indications.  In  years  of  normal  yield, 
thousands  of  people  give  but  little  thought 
to  the  corn  crop,  but  when  it  is  pinched  by 
drought  or  other  disasters,  practically  every¬ 
one  feels  the  pinch,  from  the  farmer  to  the 
dry  goods  clerk  who  has  to  pay  more  for 
his  meat,  flour,  etc.,  for  wheat  and  other 
grains  go  up  and  down  in  sympathy  with 
corn.  Early  in  the  season  the  outlook  was 
so  favorable  that  speculators  in  Chicago 
bought  corn  for  September  delivery  for  less 
than  50  cents.  In  early  July  it  sold  at 
67,  but  that  was  in  the  midst  of  the  hot 
wave  which  seemed  unable  to  quit.  Near¬ 
ly  2.000.000  acres  more  were  planted  to 
corn  this  year  than  last,  and  on  the  basis 
of  last  year’s  yield  we  should  have  50,000,- 
000  bushels  more  than  that  crop,  which  was 
the  largest  ever  pown. 

“National  Soil  Fertility  League.”.— 
That  is  the  name  of  a  society  recently  in¬ 
corporated  in  Illinois.  Among  the  backers 
of  this  movement  are  said  to  he  President 
Taft,  members  of  the  Cabinet,  Win.  J. 
Bryan,  and  numerous  railroad  men  and 
manufacturers  who  sell  goods  to  farmers. 
The  alleged  object  of  this  league  is  to  bene¬ 
fit  the  farmer,  to  “show  him  how  to  reclaim 
waste  land  and  double  and  treble  his  crops.” 
The  anxiety  of  the  Nation’s  political  and 
industrial  great  men  to  teach  the  farmer 
how  to  farm  is  truly  touching.  There 
are  ignorant  farmers,  hut  the  great 
majority  know  how  to  improve  their 
lands.  Where  to  get  the  money  to  do 
it  with  is  what  troubles  them.  How  many 
merchants  would  think  it  wise  to  increase, 
or  even  continue,  their  business  on  as  small 
a  profit  basis  as  250,000  farmers  are  this 
year  handling  their  crops?  Improved  lands 
and  larger  crops  are  highly  desirable,  pro¬ 
vided  the  consumer  be  fed  and  clad  there¬ 
with  at  a  reasonable  price  and  the  farmer 
gets  a  reasonable  commercial  profit  on  his 
work  and  labor.  But  larger  crops  that  re¬ 
sult  only  in  swelling  the  already  inordinate 
Wealth  of  the  so-called  kings  of  industry  are 
a  curse  to  the  Nation,  as  they  add  strength 
to  the  forces  that  corrupt  government  and 
“devour  widow’s  houses and  foster,  in  the 
oppressed,  that  special  type  of  discontent 
that  sees  a  remedy  only  in  the  mob  and  the 
bomb  and  the  red  riot  of  revolution. 

A  fair  parcels  post,  a  fair  adjustment  of 
railroad  rates  ;  a  fair  revision  of  the  tariff  : 
In  these  are  great  possibilities  of  crop  and 
land  improvement.  From  them  many  farm¬ 
ers  can  get  that  $100  with  which  a  wet  spot 
can  be  drained  or  a  poor  field  made  fertile. 
One  hundred  dollars  seems  like  a  trivial 
sum  to  a  "captain  of  industry,”  yet  the 
“captains”  of  many  farms  have  to  get  along 
with  poor  equipment  for  lack  of  opportun¬ 
ity  to  get  even  this  slight  sum  above  the 
bare  cost  of  living.  Such  farmers  need  $100 
much  more  than  long-winded  advice. 

w.  w.  H. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

BROOKFIELD  YORKSHIRES. 

T  offer  8  to  10  weeks  old  improved  Yorkshires, 
either  sex,  $10  each,  registered  and  crated  f.  o.  b. 
Buffalo,  Brood  sows,  gilts  or  service  boars  at  rea¬ 
sonable  prices.  W.  Allan  Gardner,  Snyder,  Erie  Co.,  N.V. 

Farmers  and  Poultrymen. 

You  must  not  blame  us  if  occasionally  our  en¬ 
thusiasm  bubbles  over  when  speaking  of  our  cus¬ 
tom  hatching  department  as  carried  on  by  our 
experts  in  our  mammoth  hot  water  incubator. 
Results  are  showing  people  all  over  the  country 
that  we  know  our  business  by  saving  them  time, 
worry  and  money,  and  giving  them  stronger  chicks 
than  the  old  hen  or  kerosene  oil  fame  incubators 
ever  did.  You  send  us  the  eggs— we’ll  do  the  rest — 
do  it  right  and  send  you  the  chicks.  Write  for  in¬ 
formation  and  prices,  anyway. 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM,  Millerton,  N.  Y. 

VU I  U TE||— Reliable  energetic  man.  No  small 
■  I  CU  children.  To  take  milk  farm  on 

shares  first  of  October.  Must  have  best  of  ref¬ 
erences.  JOHN  0.  JACKSON,  Sharon,  Conn. 

W  A  N  TP  11  ^  ONCE — Working  foreman  forgentle- 
II  Mil  I  LU  man’s  farm  of  40  acres,  near  N.Y. :  wife 
to  board  help;  must  be  thoroughly  experienced  and 
have  A1  references.  "H.  A.,”  care  R.  N.-Y. 

D  LEASE  semi  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com- 
\  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter. 
Eggs,  Poultry.  Fork.  Calves.  Hay.  Grain.  Beans, 
Appies.  etc.  K.  Ii.  WOODWARD,  SOU  Greenwich  St.,  N.Y, 

JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  COMPANY, 

Commission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York, 
Poultry,  Eggs,  Meats,  Produce.  Snipments  Solicited. 

SHIP  YOUR  CALVES  AND  POULTRY 

- TO - 

GEO.  OLIVER  &  COMPANY 

Established  1850 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 
WEST  WASHINGTON  MARKET.  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 

PROMPT  RETURNS 

JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY. 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 

Apples — Peaches 

and  all  Fruits  and  Vegetables,  Fancy 
Eggs;  Hothouse  Products.  Top  prices 
secured  for  choice  products. 

Archdeacon  &  Co.,  100  Murray  St.,  New  York 

GKO.  P.  HAMMOND.  EST.  1875.  FRANK  W.  GODWIN 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  CO., 

Commission  Merchants  and  Dealers  in  all  kinds  of 
COUNTRY  PRODUCE,  Apples,  Peaches,  Ber 
ries  Butter,  Eggs,  Cheese,  Poultry.  Mushrooms 
and  Hot-house  Products  a  Specialty.  Consignments 
solicited.  34  &  3G  Little  12th  St.,  New  York- 


Highest  prices  guaranteed  for  White  or  Brown 
Leghorns  or  mixed  eggs.  Also  high  grade  butter. 
Write  us  for  information.  A  trial  will  convince  you 
of  our  ability  to  obtain  extreme  prices.  Address 

JOHNSTONE  & COUGHLAN, 

164  Duane  Street,  :  :  New  York 

Boston  Produce  Go. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.,  ■  Boston. 


C 


CLARKS 
CUTAWAY 
TOOLS 


f 


DOUBLE  ACTION  “CUTAWAY”  HARROW 

WITH  EXTENSION  HEAD.  Is  made  especially  for  Orchard 
work.  It  will  increase  your  crops  25  to  50  per  cent.  This  machine 
will  cut  from  28  to  30  acres,  or  will  double-cut  15  acres  in  a  day.  It 
is  drawn  by  two  medium  horses.  It  will  move  15,000  tons  of  earth 
one  foot  in  a  day,  and  can  be  set  to  move  the  earth  but  little,  or  at 
so  great  an  angle  as  to  move  all  the  earth  one  foot.  Runs  true  in  line 

of  draft  and  keeps  the  surface^true.  . _ n  BIG 

All  other  disk  harrows  have  to  rim  in  I  1  CROPS 

half  lap.  No  Tongue  Truck  needed 
The  Jointed  Pole  Takes  All  the  Weight  Off  the  Horses’  Necks, 
and  keeps  their  heels  away  from  the  disks. 

We  make  120  nlzcs  and  atylert  of  IM*k  Harrows. 

Every  muchlnc  fully  warranted. 

Send  for  FREE  Booklet  with  full  particulars,  p  nfca TJNirMK'  _r  nmiQl  c 

CUTAWAY  HARROW  COMPANY,  ACTION 

839  Main  St.,  HIGGANUM,  CONN.  HARROW 


GENUINE  THOMAS  PHOSPHATE  POWDER 

(BASIC  SLAG  MEAL) 

.  .  .  KEY  AND  TREE  BRAND  .  .  . 

THE  BEST  PHOSPHATE  FOR  ALFALFA,  CLOVER  AND  GENERAL  MID-SUMMER  AND  FALL  USE 

“It  is  the  belief  of  the  writer  that  combinations  of  basic  slag  meal  and  sulphates  of  potash  are  peculiarly  adapted  to 
Alfalfa.  The  slag  meal  furnishes  not  only  phosphoric  acid,  but  lime,  which  will  help  to  bring  the  soil  into  condition  for 
alfalfa  and  to  maintain  it  m  that  condition.  Dr.  W m.  P.  Broods,  Director  Massachusetts  Experiment  Station 

— In  Massachusetts  Crop  Report  for  July,  1910, 

Prof.  Alva  Agee,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Agricultural  College,  says: — 

“Basic  slag  tends  to  sweeten  sour  land,  and  to  keep  sweet  soils  sweet.  It  favors  clover,  hence  this  paper  has  called 
attention  to  it  for  years.  We  must  have  clover,  and  where  clover  is  fouling,  basic  slag,  at  prevailing  prices,  is  the  best 
fertilizer  1  know.”  _ 

AVOID  SO-CALLED  “BASIC  SLAGS”  OF  DOUBTFUL  ORIGIN  AND  UNCERTAIN  AVAILABILITY 

OUR  GENUINE  THOMAS  PHOSPHATE  POWDER  always  bears  our  Key  and  Tree  Trade  Mark 

You  ought  to  have  the  information  that  is  in  our  booklet,  “Fall  Cereals  and  Cover  Crops.”  A  copy  is  sent  free  if  you  mention  The  Rural  New-Yorker. 

THE  C0E-M0RT1MER  COMPANY,  51  Chambers  St.,  NEW  YORK  CITY 

Sole  Manufacturers  of  the  Celebrated  E.  FRANK  COE  FERTILIZERS  and  PERUVIAN  BRANDS 


812 


5PHEJ  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


August  5,  1911. 


SAVE  HALF  Your 
Paint  Bills 

By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT— proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 
Only  Paint  endorsed  by  the  “Grange.” 
Made  in  all  colors, — for  all  purposes. 
DELIVERED  FREE. 

From  the  Mill  Direct  to  You  at  Factory  Prices. 

INGERSOLL  PAINT  BOOK  — FREE 

Tells  all  about  Paint  and  Painting  f~x  Durability. 
How  to  avoid  trouble  and  expense  caused  by  paints 
fading,  chalking  and  peeling.  Valuable  information 
free  to  you.  with  Sample  Color  Cards.  Write  me.  DO 
IT  NOW.  I  can  save  you  money. 

0.  W.  Inuersoll,  24b  Plymouth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 


it 


FUMA 


55,  kills  Prairie  Dogs, 
Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
and  Grain  Insects. 
“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small. "  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

gwkh  “Fiima  Carbon  Bisulphide  ”arl  doing! 

EUWAUD  R.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. 


K  CHAMPION  DIGGERS 


Get  all  the  Potatoes 

out  of  the  ground 
in  perfect  condi¬ 
tion.  Our  Two- 
Horse  Elevator 
Digger  saves 
time  in  your  har¬ 
vesting,  and  saves  money  on  your  own  crop 
We  invite  comparison  with  any  others. 

Free  Large  Illustrated  Catalogue 

giving  particulars,  prices,  etc.,  of  our  full 
line  of  Planters,  Sprayers,  Diggers,  etc.,  on 
reauest.  Write  today. 

CHAMPION  POTATO  MACHINERY  CO. 

151  Cliicag-o  Ave.,  Hammond,  Ind. 


Quick  Work 

Digging  Potatoes 
With  The 

ichreiber 


Potato  Digger 


Works  perfectly  in  any  soil.  Digs,  elevates, 
separates— all  in  one  operation.  Built  to  last. 
World’s  best  materials  and  construction.  Has 
30-inch  wheels,  cold-rolled  steel  axle  and  mal¬ 
leable  main  beams.  Main  gears  are  interchange¬ 
able.  Lightest  draft  digger  made— no  friction 
anywhere.  Only  digger  with  separating  agitators 
which  pulverize  soil  before  it  reaches  tear  oi  machine 
— reducing  power,  wear,  and  lightening  draft.  Get  our 
KVnr~.tr  Cmaa  — Tells  the  many  money-making 
rf’BC  advantagesoftheSchreiber.  Proves 
its  wonderful  efficiency  and  superiority.  Madeintwostyles 
to  meetallconditions — Revolving  Chain  Conveyor  Styleand 
Endless  Chain  Style.  Book  tells  all  facts.  Write  postal  now. 
The  Schrelber  Mfg.  Co.,  Dept.  2  4,  Hammond,  Ind. 


Potato  Digging  Time  Coming 
"■Buy  a  Dowden  Digger  Now 


An  Ideal  Farm  Pump 

It  will  save  time  and  labor  evely  day  and 
make  it  possible  to  have  running  water  in  house, 
barn,  stable  or  yard. 

g^\  I  f  PYRAMID 

vJOlllClS  Pump 

will  supply  all  the  water  you  can  use  at  little 
expense.  Don’t  waste  your  men’s  time  carrying 
water  from  the  well  for  stock  or  household  use. 

Do  away  with  this  drudgery — have  running  water 
wherever  you  need  it  and  fire  protection  as  well. 

The  “  Pyramid”  is  the  highest  type  of  Power  Pump  for 
connection  to  gasoline  engines  or  other  forms  of  drive.  It 
is  made  of  the  best  materials  ;  every  mechanical  detail  is 
perfect;  solidly  and  strongly  constructed  to  stand  heavy 
pressure  and  give  continuous  service. 

Our  Free  Book 

.*•  Water  Supply  for  the  Home  ” 

tells  all  about  this  pump  that  every  farmer  needs.  Tells  about 
our  many  other  pumps,  including  lift  pumps  and  force  pumps, 
single  and  double-acting  pumps,  hydraulic  rams.  etc.  The  most 
complete  little  book  issued  on  the  subject  of  pumps. 

The  Goulds  Mf^.  Company,  58  W.  Fall  St.,  Seneca  Falls,  N.  Y. 


IN  A  LIFE  TIME 

is  often  enough  todo  some  things.It’s  often  enough 
to  buy  a  wagon  il  you  buy  the  right  kind.  Tha 


ELECTRIC 


HANDY 

WAGON 

lasts  that  long  under  ordinary  conditions.  First,  the  life 
of  a  wagon  depends  upon  the  wheels.  This  one  is 
equipped  with  our  Electric  Steel  XV  heels,  with  straight 
or  stagger  spokes  and  wide  tires.  Wheels  any  height 
from  24  to  60  in.  It  lasts  because  tires  can’t  get  loose,  no 
re-setting,  hubs  can’t  crack  or  spokes  become  loose,  fel¬ 
loes  can’t  rot,  swell  or  dry  out.  Angle  steel  hounds. 
THOUSANDS  NOW  IN  DAILY  USE 

Don’t  buv  a  wazon  until  vnu  get  our  free  book,  “Wheel  Souse." 

ELEOTKIC  W  HEEL  CO.,  Box  *8  Quincy,  HL 


WHEELS,  FREIGHT  PAID,  $8.75 

for  4  Buggy  Wheels,  Steel  Tires.  With  Rubber  Tires, 
$18.45.  Rerubbing  your  wheels,  $10.30.  I  manufacture 
wheels  %  to  4  in. tread.  Buggy  Tops,  $6.50;  Shafts, $2.10. 
Learn  how  to  buy  direct.  Catalog  free.  Repair  wheels, 
$5.95.  Wagon  Umbrella  Fees.  »  .  R.  BOOB.  Cin’ti,  0< 


The 
Hay  Press 
YOU  Want 


The  Dowden  Potato  Digger  is  a  machine  you  can 
absolutely  depend  on  to  do  its  work  well  all  the  time. 

Combining  simplicity  with  great  digging  capacity— 
you  can  save  the  price  of  a  digger  in  a  short  time  by 
getting  all  the  potatoes  and  eliminating  repair  bills  to 
a  minimum. 

Catalog  free.  It  tells  all  about  the  digger— how  it  is 
made  and  what  It  will  do.  Can  be  operated  by  a  boy. 

Dowden  Mfg.  Co.,  1122  Elm  St.,  Prairie  City,  Iowa 


15"  More 
a  Bushel 


Don’t  dig  Potatoes  any  more  the 
old  expensive,  back-breaking,  spade 
way.  Get  an  easy,  quick,  money-saving 
Farquhar  Potato  Digger.  Means  at  least  15 
cents  a  bushel  more  for  you,  and  digs  enough 
more  potatoes  to  pay  for  its  cost.  Plow  diggers, 
for  small  patches  up  to  Elevator  diggers  for  the 
largest  growers— any  size  you  need.  Work  in  any 
soil.  Clean  perfectly.  Write  for  our  new  June 
book  “Howto  add  15  cents  a  bushel  to  your 
Potato  Crop’’  and  catalogue  of  Diggers  and 
Farquhar  Reliable  Farm  Machinery. 

A.  B.  FARQUHAR  COMPANY,  Ltd. 

Box  200,  York,  Pa. 


PIGS  ALL  THE  POTATOES 

without  rutting  them— just  enough  adjustment  to  meet 
your  conditions  without  carrying  too  much  soil.w  Saves 
enough  more  potatoes,  even  in  small  acreage  to  pay  for 
machine  in  short  time.  Perfect  separation.  Is  as  light 
draft  nanny  digger  ran  be.  No  neck  weight.  Twostyles 
made  Prices  $75.00  to  $105.00.  No.  150  is  the  lighter 
machine,  built  on  strong  but  very  simple  lines— a  great 
favorite  with  growers.  Separate  bearings,  easilyremoved 
and  cheaply  replaced.  Operates  entirely  from  tliesent 

MMM  Aggers 

are  not  experiments— years  of  actual  use  in  all  sorts  of 
conditions  have  provea  their  worth.  Write  to-day  for 
Anniversary  Catalog— complete  line  of  potato  machin¬ 
ery,  garden  wheel  hoo,6  and  drills,  orclmrd  tools.etc. 


Fastest  Hay  Press 
2’/a  Tons  Per  Hour 

Greater  capacity  is  guaranteed  in  all  Spencer 
Presses.  The  guarantee  with  our  Alligator 
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Power 


A  train  of  followers,  but  no  equals^ 

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wherever  it  goes.  Makes 
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fast,  avoids  acci¬ 
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Little  draft,  tre¬ 
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The  machine  that  makes  competi¬ 
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Collins  Plow  Co.,2044Hamp»hlra  St.;  Quincy.  III. 


In  Harvest 


■'i’-’-'T 


flu 


db 


“  v-wv, 


Those  shrewd  farmers  who  have  stretched  “Pittsburgh 
Perfect’ •  Fence  on  their  property  appreciate  most  keenly  in  harvest 
time,  perhaps,  its  unequaled  strength  and  durability.  It  has  successfully  withstood 
the  elements,  the  knocks  of  planting,  cultivating,  harvesting,  the  rough  usage  given  it  by 
horses,  cattle  and  hogs — it  stands  erect,  even  and  firm,  as  good  as  new,  year  in  and  year  out. 

“Pittsburgh  Perfect’’  Fence  owners  at  all  times  are  reaping  the  results  of  highest  fence  efficiency. 

Tough,  strong,  durable  Open  Hearth  wire — like  old  time  iron  wire— carefully  galvanized  with  pure  zinc,  is  used  exclusively 
in  “Pittsburgh  Perfect’-  Fence.  There  are  no  wraps,  clamps,  twists  or  ties  to  increase  weight,  hold  moisture  and  cause  decay; 
instead,  the  wires  at  every  contact  point  are 

ELECTRICALLY  WELDED 

which  produces  a  joint  that  cannot  be  slipped,  pulled,  broken  nor  rusted  apart.  There  is  a  style  and  size  of 
“Pittsburgh  Perfect"  Fence 

For  every  FIELD,  FARM,  RANCH,  LAWN  or  POULTRY  purpose. 

Write  for  catalogue  showing  73  styles  and  sizes,  or  look  up  the  best  dealer  in  your  town— he  handles 
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Manufacturers  of  “Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Brands  of  Barbed  Wire,  Bright,  Annealed  and  Galvanized  Wire, 
Fence  Staples,  Standard  Wire  Nails  and  “Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Fencing. 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4111. 


NEW  YORK,  AUGUST  12,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR 


HOW  I  BUILT  MY  DAIRY  HERD.  as  it  is  called,  the  prepotency  of  the  bull,  is  the  dairy  was  then  that  we  really  learned  which  were  our 

p.  .  f  p  .  |  rv  •  character  of  the  grandmother  and  great-grand-  “best  cows,”  and  were  surprised  in  many  of  them. 

3111  Ory  0  3  F3C  1C3  3irym3n.  mothers  on  both  sides  of  his  pedigree.  He  is  the  No.  of  Lbs.  Average  Lbs.  but-  Value  but-  Age  of 

I  have  worked  out  the  greater  part  of  the  time  for  stored-up  result  of  what  lies  back  of  him.  I  saved  cow  test  tor  fat  ter  fat  cow  yrs. 

20  years,  with  the  exception  of  three  years  in  Frank-  all  the  heifer  calves  from  my  best  cows:  that  is  so  . . .'ll  1.8  $131.12  4 

lin  County  creamery,  and  two  years  in  the  mill  busi-  far  as  I  knew  them  to  be  the  best.  I  kept  the  first  5. .....8627  4.3  371.3  130.20  4 

ness,  all  on  farms,  and  I  must  add,  for  “various  kinds  sire  four  years,  and  ought  to  have  kept  him  longer.  s 7402  4.40  328.9  16.77  6 

of  farmers.”  Possibly  this  may  have  been  to  my  Not  wanting  to  inbreed  and  trying  to  practice  econ-  . go *2  '■>-!:)  1  i->o  si  5 

advantage,  but  not  wholly  so.  As  a  rule,  if  we  like  omy  I  sold  him  and  bought  another,  of  course  I  do  18 8441  4.3  363.  128.91  4 

the  man,  we  are  apt  to  think  his  methods  _  Some  we  had  considered^  our  best  cows 

received  a  little  less  than  $600  for  my  '  *  Enosburg  Cow  Testing  Association)  of 

half.  I  built  a  silo  the  first  year  after  A  GRADE  HOLSTEIN  VERMONT  MORTGAGE  PAYER.  Fig.  308.  rny  best  producers.  (Table  shown 
coming  here,  and  the  second  year  . — .... ,  ,  . .  . . . _ n  above.) 

and  received  better  results  from  the 
same  cows.  I  was  not  satisfied  with 
what  my  cows  were  doing.  I  felt  that 
improvement  in  that  line  must  come 
from  breeding  up,  instead  of  down.  I 
read  the  farm  papers  and  gathered 
everything  I  could,  and  it  all  pointed 
to  the  purebred  sire.  My  cows  were  all 
breeds,  no  special  one  predominating.  I 
finally  decided  to  get  a  registered  sire, 
but  the  breed  I  had  not  thought  so 
much  about.  It  was  always  more 
pleasure  to  me  to  milk  a  cow  that  gave 
a  good  mess  of  milk,  and  being  quite 
in  favor  of  raising  hogs,  as  a  soil 
builder,  I  concluded  the  Holsteins  would 
suit  me  as  well  as  any,  and  the  Spring 
of  1906  I  purchased  a  registered  Plolstein  bull.  He 
proved  to  be  a  splendid  type  of  the  dairy  breed. 

When  a  farmer  thinks  of  buying  a  dairy  bull  to  im- 
piove  his  herd,  he  should  look  to  the  individuality 
of  the  .  bull,  also  the  backing,  not  the  “cheapness  of 
the  price.”  Pie  should  try  to  buy  a  “future”  of  good 
quality  that  will  run  on  for  generations,  and  that  will 
help  increase  the  good  effects  of  every  future  sire 
that  may  be  used,  and  about  the  most  reliable  basis 


GRADE  HOLSTEIN  AT  FOUR  YEARS,  8627  POUNDS  MILK, 
3760  POUNDS  FAT.  Fig.  309. 


not  know  with  what  results,  although  he  is  a  fine 
bred  animal  and  a  splendid  individual  and  has  some 
very  promising  calves.  I  find  at  the  end  of  five  years 
I  have  raised  the  average  40  per  cent  with  a  very 
modest  outlay. 

A  little  over  one  year  ago  we  formed  the  Enos¬ 
burg  Cow  Testing  Association,  with  26  dairies,  and 
were  very  fortunate  in  securing  an  efficient  man  in 
the  person  of  Mr.  L.  P.  Douglass.  The  work  was 


of  calculation,  as  to  the  power  of  transmission,  or  carried  on  without  interruption  the  full  yean  It 


SEEDING  VETCH  IN  INDIANA. 

I-Iow  much  seed  of  Hairy  vetch  should 
be  sown  per  acre  to  insure  a  good  cover 
crop  to  be  plowed  under  in  Spring?  How 
many  pounds  in  a  bushel  of  seed?  Can 
seed  be  sown  with  an  ordinary  wheat  drill, 
and  if  so,  how?  L.  c.  s. 

Redkey,  Ind. 

In  corn  it  should  be  sown  in  August. 
In  the  open  ground  it  should  be  sown 
by  September  15,  and  it  will  then  cover 
the  ground  before  freezing  weather. 
If  sown  in  the  corn  in  August  it  should 
not  be  pastured,  but  both  stalks  and 
vetch  should  be  turned  under  in  April. 
For  turning  under  we  use  a  three-horse 
plow  with  a  rolling  cutter.  For  soiling 
uses  it  should  be  sown  at  intervals  from  May  15  to 
September  to  give  a  succession.  If  wanted  for  hay  it 
may  be  sown  with  oats  in  the  Spring  or  with  rye  in 
the  Fall.  Some  advocate  sowing  with  wheat,  but  this  I 
do  not  think  advisable.  In  the  corn  a  one-horse  hoe  or 
disk  drill  is  used,  the  land  having  been  plowed  over 
once  before  sowing.  In  the  open  ground  a  two-horse 
drill  is  used  (either  a  hoe  or  a  disk).  The  same  pre¬ 
caution  is  taken  as  to  having  the  soil  in  the  best  pos¬ 
sible  condition  for  receiving  the  seed.  If  the  feed 


814 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


August  12, 


gauge  on  either  of  these  drills  is  entirely  shut  off  it 
will  sow  exactly  50  pounds  per  acre. 

For  plowing  under  in  the  Spring  40  pounds  per 
acre  is  sufficient.  On  very  thin  soil  some  use  50 
pounds.  For  haj'  uses  when  sown  with  oats  or  with 
rye  30  pounds  is  ample,  with  one  peck  of  rye  added. 
For  seed  it  is  best  to  shut  off  every  other  feed  in  the 
drill  and  add  one  peck  rye  per  acre  for  the  support 
of  the  vetch.  This  will  require  20  pounds  vetch  seed 
per  acre.  Its  endurance  of  either  heat  or  cold  is  great. 
The  severe  drought  now  prevailing  has  no  effect  on 
either  Alfalfa  or  vetch.  Its  early  start  in  growth  in 
the  Spring  before  any  other  plants  shows  signs  o£ 
starting  makes  it  all  the  more  valuable  as  a  forage 
plant.  In  fact  the  plant  remains  green  all  Winter 
where  not  too  much  exposed.  My  estimate  of  it  for 
reclaiming  purposes  is  that  it  has  no  equal,  the  same 
that  Alfalfa  holds  as  a  forage  plant.  No  farmer 
should  lose  the  opportunity  of  sowing  freely  of  it  this 
Fall.  It  will  repay  him  manifold  and  help  save  other 
feeds  for  Winter  uses.  I  do  not  know  the  standard 
weight  of  a  bushel  of  vetch  seed,  but  think  it  is  50 
pounds. 

Go  at  it  like  our  friend  Smith  did.  He  said :  “Win 
or  lose  I  am  going  to  venture.”  And  he  did  venture, 
and  won.  He  has  had  as  high  as  100  acres  in  vetch. 
Sow  10  acres  in  the  corn  for  turning  under  in  April 
next  and  then  sow  the  field  in  Alfalfa  in  June,  and 
you  will  have  an  Alfalfa  Field  that  will  astonish  every¬ 
one.  Sow  a  few  acres  next  Spring  in  oats  and  vetch, 
half  and  half,  and  you  will  have  a  hay  crop  that  will 
make  the  dairy  doubly  valuable.  Or  try  a  pasture 
field  for  the  cows  and  calves,  and  you  will  learn  what 
vetch  is  worth  for  a  forage  plant.  j.  H.  haynes. 

Indiana.  _ 

A  CONNECTICUT  STONE  WALL. 

On  page  701  is  a  cut  of  stone  wall  on  southern 
New  York  farm.  I  have  about  400  feet  of  wide 
well  laid  stone  fence  on  my  place,  and  thought  I 
would  compare  measurements.  I  find  that  mine  meas¬ 
ures  seven  to  7j4  feet  on  top  and  8Ya  to  nine  feet  at 
bottom,  as  compared  to  5j4  and  seven,  so  took  picture 
of  it,  shown  in  Fig.  310.  N.  M.  higrie. 

Connecticut. 

R.  N.-Y. — While  we  are  hunting  for  champion  hens 
and  cows  we  might  as  well  include  stone  walls.  The 
one  here  mentioned  has  the  record  thus  far  and  is  a 
great  monument  to  labor. 

“THE  LAND  OF  HEART’S  DELIGHT.” 

A  Sucker  in  Southwest  Texas. 

Part  III. 

SELLING  THE  CROP.— That  Fall  I  hired  Mexi¬ 
can  labor  and  planted  2j4  acres.  I  had  fair  success  in 
raising  then  and  I  gathered  about  830  crates  of  very 
nice  onions,  and  shipped  a  car  of  about  650  crates  and 
11  sacks,  to  a  commission  house  of  good  commercial 
rating  on  South  Water  Street,  Chicago.  Their  agent 
paid  me  60  cents  per  crate,  in  the  shape  of  a  sight 
draft,  as  an  inducement  to  ship  to  their  house.  The 
agent  examined  the  onions,  bossed  the  loading  and 
assured  me  that  the  sight  draft  would  be  paid  if  the 
onions  arrived  in  good  condition.  When  the  onions 
arrived  the  firm  wired  that  they  found  no  fault  with 
the  goods,  but  the  market  would  not  justify  that 
amount,  if  I  would  reduce  the  draft  15  cents  per  crate 
they  would  pay  it.  I  wired  “Your  agent  examined  the 
car  and  issued  the  draft  assuring  me  it  would  be  paid. 
If  not  paid  will  turn  car  over  to  other  parties,”  which 
I  did  through  the  bank  that  held  the  bill  of  lading  but, 
when  the  second  party  called  for  the  car  the  railway 
agent  said  they  had  turned  it  over  to  the  first  party. 
This  delayed  the  delivery  of  the  car  so  that  I  only 
received  $64.25  net  for  the  car.  I  tried  to  get  attor¬ 
neys  at  Chicago  to  undertake  the  collection  of  dam¬ 
ages,  for  a  contingent  fee,  but  could  not  get  them  to 
undertake  it  without  a  cash  fee.  Through  the  advice 
of  a  friend  I  placed  the  matter  in  the  care  of  The 
R.  N.Y.,  and  in  about  a  year  from  the  time  of  ship¬ 
ment  they  sent  me  $276  damages,  from  the  railway 
company  that  did  not  turn  over  the  car  promptly  to 
the  second  commission  firm.  I  had  sold  about  $36 
worth  besides  this  car,  so  I  realized  about  $376 
for  the  crop,  which  netted  me  above  expenses  about 
$126. 

IRRIGATION  TROUBLES.— This  country  is 
boomed  as  an  artesian  well  country  and  to  read  most 
of  the  real  estate  boomers’  literature  and  see  the  pic¬ 
tures  of  the  flowing  wells,  one  would  think  that  when 
the  well  was  drilled  and  cased  the  troubles  for  water 
would  all  cease.  Now  that  is  just  what  the  authors 
of  said  literature  designed  people  should  think,  but  the 
trouble  has  only  commenced.  My  well  flowed  about 
five  gallons  per  minute,  about  the  same  as  most  of 
them  flow  here,  when  first  drilled.  I  have  seen  one 
well  about  25  miles  from  here  when  first  drilled  that 


flowed  about  250  gallons  per  minute.  There  is  one 
near  here  that  probably  flowed  150  gallons  per  minute 
at  first  and  is  still  flowing  a  nice  stream.  It  seems 
to  be  the  history  of  all  artesian  countries,  that  the  first 
wells  tapping  the  artesian  covering  of  the  water  strata, 
have  greater  flows  than  they  do  after  the  covering  is 
repeatedly  tapped  by  other  wells.  But  few  wells  flow 
here  now  sufficient  to  irrigate  more  than  an  acre  or 
two,  and  most  of  them  not  that  much.  When  a  well 
is  finished  the  next  thing  in  order  is  to  buy  pumping 
machinery  for  pumping  sufficient  for  irrigating  pur¬ 
poses.  The  first  wells  furnished  excellent  subjects 
for  photographs  to  adorn  real-estate  literature,  for 


A  CONNECTICUT  STONE  WALL.  Fig.  310. 


sucker  bait.  My  well  drilling  cost  me  about  $505,  it 
being  608  feet  deep.  The  casing  cost  $300,  gasoline 
engine  $330.  A  centrifugal  pump  that  was  rejected  by 
the  machinist  who  installed  my  machinery,  cost  $60. 
At  his  instigation  I  bought  another  pump  that  he  in¬ 
stalled,  cost  $55,  and  when  tested  it  did  no  better  than 
the  first  one,  and  then  he  found  a  defective  joint  be¬ 
low  the  pump  that  caused  tl  first  one  to  fail.  As  I 
had  no  valid  excuse  for  returning  either  of  them  I 
have  an  extra  pump  on  hand.  I  did  not  know  one 
end  of  the  gasoline  engine  from  the  other,  and  that 
thing  would  stop,  it  seemed  to  me,  without  cause  or 
provocation;  then  I  would  rush  off  to  town  for  a 
gasoline  engineer  to  come  and  show  me  what  the 
trouble  was,  and  he  would  come  and  monkey  with  it 
awhile  and  tell  me  some  things  about  it  and  charge 
me  75  cents  per  hour  for  his  time,  just  to  impress  it  on 
my  memory,  I  suppose.  Well,  after  paying  several  of 
those  bills  I  learned  enough  to  run  the  thing  most  of 
the  time,  and  when  it  stopped  I  could  most  always 
find  out  in  a  day  or  two  what  was  the  matter  with  it. 

PUMPING  TROUBLES.— By  the  time  I  had 
learned  to  run  the  engine  some,  I  made  the  valuable 
discovery  that  there  was  lots  of  surplus  wind  in  this 
country,  and  as  one  kind  had  got  me  stuck  I  thought 
the  other  might  be  utilized  to  enable  me  to  stay.  I 


THREE-YEAR-OLD  MAINE  ALFALEA.  Fig.  311. 


then  bought  a  16-foot  power  windmill  with  some 
necessary  and  some  other  unnecessary  wheels,  belts 
and  pulleys.  I  erected  the  mill  on  a  40-foot  tower  and 
proceeded  to  run  the  same  centrifugal  pump  with  it 
that  was  run  by  the  engine.  When  the  wind  was  just 
the  right  speed  it  would  pump  as  much  water  as  the 
engine,  but  that  right  speed  was  so  seldom  that  about 
90  per  cent  of  the  time,  the  mill  ran  and  the  pump 
ran,  hut  the  water  did  not.  Then  it  dawned  on  my 
intellect  that  most  centrifugal  pumps  require  to  be 
run  at  a  speed  of  from  600  to  900  revolutions  per  min¬ 
ute  or  they  don’t  bring  any  water.  The  next  thing 
to  do  was  to  dig  a  well  around  the  casing  about  30 


feet  deep,  and  unscrew  the  casing,  put  on  a  check 
valve,  to  cut  the  water  off  when  necessary,  and  on 
top  of  that  put  on  a  tee  and  an  elbow,  for  a  place  to 
put  the  cylinder  for  the  windmill  pump.  Now  that 
job  is  easier  described  than  executed.  When  one 
of  these  wells  is  turned  loose  30  feet  below  the  sur¬ 
face  the  water  rushes  out  at  the  rate  of  from  200 
to  300  gallons  per  minute.  The  instant  the  casing 
is  unscrewed  two  men  must  be  ready  to  place  and 
screw  on  the  check  valve.  If  this  is  not  a  good  fit, 
or  the  threads  get  crossed  so  they  are  delayed  in 
getting  it  on,  they  are  very  soon  in  water  up  to  their 
necks.  I  gave  an  experienced  man  five  dollars  to 
put  mine  on.  I  then  put  on  an  eight-inch  cylinder, 
cost  $50.  The  check  valve  cost  $11,  extra  piping  and 
fittings  about  $20  more,  curbing  for  the  pit  $30,  dig¬ 
ging  the  pit  about  $20,  so  this  part  of  the  well  job 
took  about  $120.  When  everything  was  put  in  place 
it  worked,  and  with  a  good  pumping  wind  it  supplied 
about  50  gallons  per  minute,  but  oh,  what  a  noise  it 
makes!  If  I  don't  shut  it  off  nights  it  keeps  my  wife 
and  the  nearest  neighbors  awake,  endangering  me  to 
prosecution  for  maintaining  a  public  nuisance,  also  of 
being  defendant  in  a  divorce  case.  By  having  to 
climb  down  a  ladder  30  feet  to  oil  the  centrifugal 
pump  and  up  a  ladder  40  feet  to  oil  the  windmill  my 
old  legs  get  plenty  of  exercise.  I  had  to  build  a 
house  over  the  well  and  engine  machinery,  costing 
about  $75,  build  an  earthen  storage  reservoir  to  pump 
into,  that  cost  $50.  Then  I  erected  a  steel  tank  on  a 
tower  and  laid  about  1,200  feet  of  piping  to  conduct 
the  water  to  house  and  barn ;  this  cost  $85  besides  the 
work.  My  land  is  about  two  feet  higher  at  the  north 
and  south  edges  than  at  the  middle.  I  laid  600  feet 
of  five-inch  tiling  from  the  earth  reservoir  to  the 
other  side,  so  I  could  irrigate  from  both  sides  to  the 
middle.  I  cemented  the  joints  together;  this  part  of 
the  job  cost  another  hundred.  I  have  now  over  $2,000 
invested  in  this  glorious  irrigating  enterprise,  and 
have  got  more  value  for  the  investment  than  some  of 
my  neighbors.  It  would  require  volumes  to  describe 
the  vexations  and  labor  that  this  pet  enterprise  has 
brought  me,  but  I  will  not  afflict  my  readers  with  a 
description  of  them  in  detail.  I  am  confident  that  Job 
never  had  a  gasoline  engine  and  windmill  pumping 
outfit  to  contend  with,  or  his  reputation  for  patience 
would  have  been  ruined.  But  with  enough  gasoline, 
grease,  sweat  and  patience,  I  can  irrigate  15  acres 
nicely  with  this  outfit.  A  victim. 

(To  be  contimicd.) 


HOW  TO  STOP  A  GULLY. 

Can  you  please  advise  me  how  to  stop  a  washout  on 
my  land?  The  soil  is  light,  sandy  loam.  About  two 
years  ago,  when  soil  was  prepared  for  corn  planting,  we 
had  a  heavy  shower,  and  my  land  being  rolling,  with  a 
hollow  leading  towards  a  broolc,  the  loose  earth  on  top 
was  washed  away  into  the  brook.  A  deep  rut  was  formed, 
and  it  is  getting  worse  after  every  rain ;  all  top  soil 
drifts  with  the  rain  water.  1  have  been  unable  to  stop  it. 
I  tried  to  stop  it  by  putting  boards  across  the  rut,  which 
is  now  two  feet  deep  in  some  places  and  about  four  feet 
wide.  The  ground  is  so  loose  that  it  washes  through 
underneath  everything  I  put  in  to  hold  it.  Last  Fall  I 
so-wed  Crimson  clover,  very  heavy,  thinking  the  roots 
would  hold  it,  but  this  Spring  after  the  first  heavy  rain 
the  clover  was  carried  away  with  the  earth.  u.  R. 

New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

Stopping  a  gully  under  such  conditions  is  rather  a 
difficult  matter.  I  have  had  such  gullies  on  the  steep 
hills  of  the  Virginia  Piedmont,  and  there  I  found  in 
addition  to  dams  in  the  gully  the  best  thing  was  very 
deep  plowing  and  subsoiling  up  to  the  edge  of  the 
gully,  but  leaving  a  hard  rim  around  it.  The  deep 
subsoiling  gave  the  water  a  place  to  sink  into,  and  it 
was  kept  out  of  the  gully  by  the  hard  rim.  Then  at 
intervals  I  drove  stakes  across  the  gully  closely  to¬ 
gether  and  banked  sods  on  the  upper  side  of  these. 
These  dams  checked  the  water  and  deposited  the 
silt  and  the  dams  were  Raised  as  the  space  back  of 
them  filled  up.  I  have  found  that  the  best  way  to  stop 
the  formation  of  gullies  is  deep  breaking  and  subsoil¬ 
ing,  and  then  always  leaving  a  sod  on  the  hills  to 
turn  when  we  were  going  to  plant  a  hoed  crop,  and 
then  get  the  land  back  in  grass  as  soon  as  possible. 
I  have  in  this  way  cultivated  as  steep  hills  as  a 
horse  could  plow,  and  never  made  a  new  gully.  If 
you  could  get  some  Bermuda  grass  sods  in  that  gully 
they  would  hold  it  better  than  anything  else,  or  even 
the  northern  quack  grass.  In  the  cotton  country 
they  try  to  prevent  washes  by  what  are  called  terraces. 
That  is,  they  run  banks  around  the  contour  of  the 
hills  with  a  very  gentle  fall.  The  old  plan  was  to  run 
a  ditch  along  the  upper  side  of  the  terrace  bank,  but 
the  improved  method  is  to  make  the  banks  broad  with 
plow  and  scoop  and  make  a  broad  level  space  above 
the  bank  to  spread  out  the  water  and  let  it  go  slowly 
down  hill.  The  banks  are  run  with  a  fall  of  about 
one  inch  in  10  feet  and  the  rows  for  cultivation  are 
run  at  an  acute  angle  over  the  banks.  These  banks 
do  check  the  water  to  a  great  extent,  but  the  real  pre¬ 
ventive  of  washing  is  deep  breaking  and  a  sod  on 
the  land  as  much  as  practicable.  Soil  that  is  kept  in 
clean  cultivation  all  the  time  does  not  get  fibrous  ma¬ 
terial  to  hold  the  soil  together,  and  shallow  plowing 
soon  fills  with  water  and  becomes  semi-liquid,  and 
runs  down  on  the  hard  bottom.  w.  r.  massey. 


1911, 

A  “DEMONSTRATION”  FARMERS’  MILK 
STATION. 

Better  Prices  for  Better  Milk. 

Pakt  II. 

The  first  stumbling  block  that  the  farmer  will  find 
in  this  proposition  is  the  tuberculin  test.  At  the 
outset  it  has  scarehead  features.  In  the  test  that  was 
made  of  the  cows  that  were  to  be  used  for  the  pro¬ 
duction  of  milk  for  this  creamery,  the  best  figures 
that  I  could  get  indicate  that  about  10  per  cent  of 
the  tested  cows  responded  to  the  test  and  were  con¬ 
demned  by  the  State.  Some  of  the  herds  escaped  en¬ 
tirely,  while  one  herd  lost  about  one-third  of  its 
number.  In  no  case  do  I  think  there  were  specially 
suspicious  cows  in  the  herds.  I  talked  with  the 
farmer  who  lost  most  heavily.  He  had  no  fault  to 
find.  I  asked  him  if  he  purchased  his  cows,  and  if 
the  man  who  did  not  lose  any  raised  his.  He  replied 
that  he  and  the  farmer  mentioned  went  out  together 
and  bought  some  cows,  dividing  their  purchases  after 
bringing  them  in.  They  bought  five  at  one  farm,  he 
taking  three  and  his  neighbor  two  of  those  purchased 
there.  Of  his  three,  two  proved  tuberculous  by  the 
test,  while  his  neighbors  two  cows  passed  clean.  He 
added:  “I  think  it  is  just  luck.”  Inquiring  how  he 
came  out  in  the  settlement  with  the 
State,  he  said  that  his  reactors  hadn’t 
been  appraised  yet,  but  that  another  of 
his  neighbors  had  five  reactors,  and  the 
State  appraiser  allowed  him  to  make 
his  own  appraisal.  That  is,  the  ap¬ 
praiser  asked  him  to  state  what  he 
thought  each  animal  was  worth.  When 
he  had  done  this  the  State  man  said, 

“The  prices  are  satisfactory  to  me.” 

Then  he  added :  “I  never  have  any 
trouble  with  a  farmer  who  is  disposed 
to  do  the  right  thing.”  Of  course  the 
loss  of  the  cows  is  considerable  to  any 
farmer.  He  doesn’t  get  their  appraised 
value  unless  there  has  been  an  error  in 
the  test.  This  farmer,  who  lost  most 
heavily,  said  he  was  satisfied  thus  far, 
and  that  if  he  had  any  tuberculous  cows 
in  his  herd  he  wanted  to  know  it,  and 
to  get  them  out  as  soon  as  possible. 

There  are  other  items  relative  to  this 
“demonstration”  project  that  I  am 
rather  glad  to  record.  The  work  is  in 
the  experimental  stage.  It  is  not  known 
yet  what  prices  should  be  made  to  the 
farmer,  nor  what  can  be  or  should  be 
charged  the  consumer.  The  “bonus” 
system  that  I  have  described  may  be 
more  liberal  than  can  be  afforded,  and 
more  so  than  is  necessary  to  make  the 
proposition  attractive  to  farmers.  It  is 
more  liberal  than  any  of  the  regularly 
established  concerns  have  seen  fit  to 
adopt  in  any  of  their  attempts  to  stimu¬ 
late  improvement  in  stable  conditions 
and  improved  care  of  stock  and  of  milk. 

That  proves  nothing,  however,  for  some 
of  these  concerns  have  undertaken  l.o 
get  an  extra  cent  a  quart  out  of  such 
milk  when  delivered  to  the  customer, 
and  to  pay  the  producer  one-half  of  a 
cent  for  furnishing  the  goods.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  sales  end  of  this  business 
seems  at  this  distance  to  be  fraught  with 
certain  difficulties.  I  have  not  had 
the  opportunity  to  make  any  investi¬ 
gation  into  the  city  conditions,  and 
do  not  feel  certain  that  there  will  be  at  once  or  even 
later  a  quick  market  for  milk  that  has  cost  in  its  pro¬ 
duction  even  one  cent  a  quart  additional,  unless  it  is 
found  that  the  handling  can  be  done  at  less  than  the 
old  established  companies  have  been  inclined  to  have 
the  public  understand,  thus  making  sales  possible.  It 
is  to  be  assumed  that  this  Demonstration  Company 
proposes  to  answer  this  question  also.  It  has  always 
been  my  opinion  that  the  companies  might  pay  the 
farmers  more  and  charge  their  customers  less  and 
make  good  money,  especially  if  a  high  class  of  milk 
is  handled.  Let  us  hope  that  the  truth  or  error  of 
this  question  may  be  demonstrated. 

The  methods  of  receiving  milk  at  the  demonstra¬ 
tion  creamery  are  not  so  different  from  those  em¬ 
ployed  at  other  creameries  of  the  better  sort.  The 
volume  of  business  is  not  so  large  as  at  some  cream¬ 
eries,  but  I  am  not  sure  that  any  more  pains  are 
taken  here  than  I  have  seen  at  certain  places  doing  a 
much  larger  business.  The  milk  is  carefully  and 
cleanly  handled,  and  that  is  all  one  needs  to  concern 
himself  about  anywhere.  Moreover,  the  cans  are 
thoroughly  washed  and  scalded.  This  is  done  at  many 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 

other  places,  but  I  am  sorry  to  say  there  are  places 
where  it  is  not  done  properly.  Here  the  cans  belong 
to  the  creamery,  and  I  believe  they  should.  There  are 
some  surplus  cans,  thus  enabling  the  farmer  to  take 
on  perfectly  clean  cans  without  having  to  wait  for 
them  to  be  washed.  This  also  gives  the  men  time  to 
wash  and  scrub  the  cans  without  undue  haste,  and  to 
put  them  in  first-class  shape  before  sending  them  out. 
Much  of  the  work  of  cleaning  is  performed  by  hand, 
and  there  is  little  chance  for  carelessness.  The  milk¬ 
ing  pails  are  also  owned  by  the  creamery  company, 
and  these  are  brought  in  and  are  washed  by  the  work¬ 
men  the  same  as  the  cans.  Clean  cans  and  clean  pails 
count  a  long  way  toward  clean  milk.  The  milk  comes 
in  without  being  strained,  as  it  is  better  to  keep  dirt 
out  of  milk  than  to  strain  it  out.  In  only  one  in¬ 
stance  did  I  notice  any  bad  condition  of  the  milk, 
and  that  milk  was  not  allowed  to  go  in  with  the  rest, 
nor  did  it  receive  the  “bonus”  that  the  other  milk  re¬ 
ceived.  As  the  milk  is  delivered  it  is  sampled  with 
much  care.  One  can  of  night’s  milk  and  one  of 
morning’s  is  used  for  samples  for  a  bacterial  test. 
Absolutely  sterile  bottles  are  used,  also  a  sterilized 
dipper  for  the  samples  for  tlrs  test.  As  soon  as  the 
sample  is  taken,  the  bottle  is  capped  and  is  placed  in 


a  compartment  within  a  covered  box  containing  ice 
water.  The  cold  checks  development  of  bacteria, 
but  the  test  is  made  as  soon  as  sufficient  samples  have 
been  collected.  After  the  milk  has  been  plated,  that 
is,  diluted  with  100  times  the  minute  quantity  of 
milk  that  is  taken,  the  dilution  being  of  distilled 
water,  and  the  mixture  distributed  over  the  prepared 
plates,  it  is  place  in  an  incubator  and  kept  at  a 
uniform  temperature  of  blood  heat  for  two  days. 
Upon  these  plates  had  previously  been  distributed  a 
“culture  medium,”  hi  which  the  bacteria  are  supposed 
to  thrive  at  their  best.  The  plates  are  covered  and 
each  bacterium  multiplies  itself  until  a  colony  of 
bacteria  appears  around  the  spot  where  the  single 
bacterium  lodged.  The  colony  soon  becomes  large 
enough  to  be  seen  with  the  naked  eye,  and  then 
these  colonies  are  counted.  A  mathematical  calcula¬ 
tion,  dependent  upon  the  quantity  of  milk  taken,  its 
dilution,  etc.,  quickly  gives  the  number  of  bacteria 
that  were  present  in  the  milk  per  cubic  centimeter  at 
the  time  of  its  delivery.  A  cubic  centimeter  is  about 
a  thimbleful,  and  if  this  quantity  of  milk  does  not 
contain  more  than  10,000  bacteria  the  milk  is  re¬ 


sis 

garded  as  exceptionally  good.  Should  there  appear 
an  excessive  number  of  bacteria,  the  manager  would 
immediately  drive  out  to  the  farm  and  see  if  he 
could  determine  the  cause  of  the  trouble.  At  the 
It  may  be  asked,  who  is  to  do  this  intricate  test¬ 
ing  for  bacteria?  At  the  demonstration  creamery  a 
trained  bacterologist  is  in  charge,  and  he  does  the 
work.  Were  it  to  be  done  at  the  usual  creamery,  I 
am  of  the  opinion  that  some  bright  young  fellow 
among  the  employees  could  be  trained  in  two  days’ 
time  to  do  this  work  with  sufficient  accuracy.  It  is 
a  job  that  is  more  blind  to  the  average  man  than  the 
Babcock  test,  and  in  the  hands  of  a  “shady”  sort  of  a 
man  might  be  used  to  cover  up  favoritism  or  irregu¬ 
larities,  favoring  the  creamery  to  a  greater  extent, 
possibly,  than  could  be  done  with  the  Babcock  test. 

There  are  several  features  in  this  enterprise  that 
many  dairymen  might  question.  The  principle  seems 
right  and  the  plan  will  succeed  under  certain  modi¬ 
fications  in  many  country  localities.  Unless  it  were 
operated  with  too  large  an  idea  to  personal  profits 
by  the  creamery  company,  it  ought  certainly  to  suc¬ 
ceed.  Just  how  successful  will  be  the  city  end  of  the 
business  I  do  not  know.  Were  a  cooperate  associa¬ 
tion  to  announce  their  willingness  to  furnish  the 
goods,  I  do  not  know  where  they  would 
look  for  their  market.  At  any  rate,  I 
would  prefer  to  be  responsible  for  the 
production  than  for  the  sale.  The  for¬ 
mer  is  at  once  possible.  Who  will  tell 
us  that  the  latter  is  also?  That  part 
out  to  be  possible,  but  more  light  is 
needed  on  that  point.  H.  H.  lyon. 
New  York. 

ALFALFA  IN  CENTRAL  MAINE. 

Dean  Merrill,  of  the  Agricultural 
College  at  Orono,  estimates  that  at 
least  250  farmers  will  sow  Alfalfa  in 
Maine  this  year.  Most  of  the  plots  are 
experimental,  but  here  and  there  is  a 
farmer  who  feels  sure  enough  of  his 
ground  to  put  in  one  or  two  acres.  In 
Somerset  County,  especially,  the  num¬ 
ber  of  plantings  will  be  large.  H.  H. 
Fuller,  of  Palmyra,  was  the  first  man  in 
the  latter  section  to  secure  a  fairly 
good  stand.  Four  years  ago  he  put 
several  bushels  of  wood  ashes  on  a 
small  plot  of  old  ground,  and  after 
working  it  thoroughly,  sowed  the  Al¬ 
falfa  seed  about  the  first  of  June.  The 
seed  was  treated  with  nitro-culture,  and 
while  considerable  grass  and  clover  is 
mixed  in  with  the  Alfalfa,  he  has  cut 
three  good  crops  every  year  since. 
Three  years  ago  he  put  in  a  second 
plot  beside  the  first,  making  about  an 
eighth  of  an  acre  in  all,  and  except  for 
some  inoculated  soil  from  the  first  plot, 
gave  it  no  special  preparation  beyond 
good  tillage.  Here,  too,  the  stand  is 
somewhat  mixed,  but  very  vigorous 
withal.  The  accompanying  picture, 
Fig.  311,  was  taken  in  the  three-year- 
old  plot,  June  22. 

The  soil  at  Mr.  Fuller’s  farm  is  a 
gravelly  loam,  with  ledge  in  many  places 
but  three  or  four  feet  below  the  surface. 
Mr.  Fuller  says  that  the  rock  under¬ 
lies  both  patches  of  the  Alfalfa,  and  for 
313.  that  reason  he  has  been  waiting  each 
year  for  the  stuff  to  die  out. 

The  most  promising  experiments  are  the  series  in 
progress  under  the  direction  of  the  local  cooperative 
creamery.  Last  January  the  directors  voted  an  ap¬ 
propriation  for  the  purchase  of  several  tons  of  agricul¬ 
tural  lime,  and  this  was  given  in  500  pound  lots  to 
those  patrons  who  would  agree  to  sow  a  quarter  of 
an  acre  to  Alfalfa,  in  accordance  with  certain  definite 
instructions.  The  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  Wash¬ 
ington,  furnished  the  necessary  seed,  and  the  cream¬ 
ery  manager  together  with  the  writer  visited  each  arid 
every  one  of  the  20  farms  to  make  sure  that  the 
character  of  the  soil  warranted  the  attempt.  Each 
patron  selected  a  plot  of  well-drained  ground,  and 
with  one  exception  all  were  cropped  last  year.  The 
odd  lot  was  plowed  last  August.  The  instructions 
were  to  apply  stable  manure  as  early  as  possible,  har¬ 
row  at  intervals  until  July  15,  and  then  sow  the  in¬ 
oculated  Alfalfa  seed  broadcast  and  harrow  in.  The 
lime  was  to  be  applied  the  last  of  June  in  connection 
with  one  of  the  periodical  harrowings.  I  have  visited 
several  of  the  experimenters  for  a  second  or  third 
time,  and  in  every  case  the  way  they  have  cooperated 
with  the  creamery  is  most  gratifying.  Locally  we 
have  a  good  outlet  through  the  creamery  for  the 
dairy  products.  Christopher  m.  gallup. 


A  RELIC  OF  OLD  PENNSYLVANIA  DAYS.  Fig.  312 


POTATOES  BETWEEN  RASPBERRIES  IN  MISSOURI. 


sie 


THE  RURAIv  NEW-YORKER 


August  12, 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[  Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
name  and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure 
attention.  Before  asking  a  question,  please  see 
whether  it  is  not  answered  in  our  advertising 
columns.  Ask  only  a  few  questions  at  one  time, 
pn'  questions  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper.! 


Buckwheat  in  an  Orchard. 

O.  C.,  Pomona,  Y.  Y. — I  have  a  15-acre 
Baldwin  apple  orchard,  26  years  old,  which 
was  plowed  in  April.  About  200  of  the 
trees  had  manure  plowed  under,  the  rest 
had  a  mixture  in  the  proportion  of  1.000 
pounds  of  8.55%  tankage  and  400  pounds 
of  50%  potash,  250  pounds  to  the  acre.  It 
was  harrowed  until  June  17,  and  then  one 
bushel  of  buckwheat  was  sowed  to  the 
acre.  What  should  I  gain  by  plowing  it 
under,  sowing  rye  to  be  plowed  under  next 
Spring,  or  should  I  let  it  stand  until  next 
Spring  and  let  chickens  feed  on  it  this 
Fall  and  then  plow  under?  About  100 
trees  have  a  good  crop  of  apples ;  trees 
have  grown  from  one  inch  to  14  inches 
this  Summer.  The  buckwheat  is  from  six 
inches  to  three  feet  in  height  now. 

Ans. — Under  these  circumstances  we 
should  let  the  buckwheat  alone.  It  will 
mature  and  fall  down,  covering  the 
ground  for  Winter.  If  you  plow  late 
and  sow  rye  you  will  be  likely  to  start 
a  new  growth  on  the  trees  which  might 
he  winter-killed.  Grass  and  weeds  will 
grow  after  the  buckwheat  until  frost. 

Getting  Alfalfa  Started. 

J.  K.  S.,  Washington  Borough,  ra. — I 
have  a  piece  of  ground  on  which  I  would 
like  to  start  Alfalfa,  but  do  not  quite  un¬ 
derstand  how  to  go  about  it.  The  land  is  a 
medium  soil  with  gravel,  well  drained,  but 
clover  has  not  done  what  it  should  on 
part  of  it.  The  piece  is  about  five  acres. 
Wheat  was  cut  this  Spring  and  manured 
well.  We  are  now  plowing  it.  I  can  get  the 
best  of  hydrated  lime,  and  also  can  get  soil 
from  an  adjoining  field  where  Alfalfa  has 
been  grown  for  several  years. 

Ans. — That  soil  ought  to  produce 
good  Alfalfa.  As  clover  does  not  do 
well  we  may  assume  the  land  is  sour. 
After  plowing  the  land  we  should 
broadcast  at  least  3,000  pounds  of  lime 
per  acre  and  harrow  it  well  in.  Keep 
the  harrow  moving  whenever  any  green 
growth  appears,  so  as  to  make  the  sur¬ 
face  fine  and  mellow.  About  August 
IS,  or  before  if  you  have  a  good  rain, 
put  on  500  pounds  to  the  acre  of  soil 
from  that  Alfalfa  field.  Dig  out  the 
upper  six  inches  where  you  can  find 

the  little  nodules  or  bunches  on  the 

Alfalfa  roots.  Sift  out  the  stones  and 
roots  and  scatter  the  fine  soil  evenly. 

Select,  if  possible,  a  cloudy  day  for 

this.  Then  broadcast  about  20  pounds 
of  good  seed  per  acre,  and  work  seed 
and  soil  in  with  a  light  harrow  or 
brush.  Use  400  pounds  or  more  of  a 
fertilizer  containing  2 /  per  cent  nitro¬ 
gen,  seven  of  phosphoric  acid  and  eight 
of  potash.  Carry  out  this  plan  faith¬ 
fully  and  you  will  have  done  your  part 
in  starting  Alfalfa. 

Work  On  a  Rhode  Island  Truck  Farm. 

This  is  a  16-acre  farm,  run  almost  ex¬ 
clusively  for  the  Summer  resorts,  three  of 
them  lying  within  one  and  one-half  miles. 
Within  the  16  acres  are  about  four  acres 
of  peaches  two  of  apples,  one  of  straw¬ 
berries,  one-half  acre  of  currants,  one- 
fourth  acre  of  pears,  one  and  one-half  oi 
asparagus  and  another  of  a  variety  of 
things,  such  as  rhubarb,  raspberries,  black¬ 
berries,  etc.,  and  one  acre  of  grass.  A  few 
cherry  and  plum  trees  are  among  the  ap¬ 
ples,  as  are  also  the  henhouses  and  yards, 
our  business  being  to  supply  Summer  peo¬ 
ple  with  fruit  and  vegetables.  Monday 
morning  finds  us  busy,  and  particularly  so 
because  we  believe  that  we  should  “Re¬ 
member  the  Sabbath  day  to  keep  it  holy,” 
so  that  no  preparations  are  made  on  Sun¬ 
day  except  the  principal  one — to  keep  it 
as  a  day  of  rest. 

About  5  a.  m.  we  detail  the  two  men 
to  cut  the  asparagus,  and  gather  some  let¬ 
tuce  and  rhubarb,  after  which  they  join 
the  rest  of  us  on  the  strawberry  bed.  and 
nine  persons  all  told  had  75  boxes  of 
strawberries  with  which  my  son  and  my¬ 
self  started  immediately  after  breakfast. 
We  visited  two  of  the  shore  resorts  and 
returned  shortly  after  2  P.  M.  The  two 
men  meantime  cultivated  all  they  could  | 
until  my  return,  when  I  called  them  to  put 
up  the  horse,  and  we  thinned  corn,  which 
I  always  drill,  until  six  o’clock.  My  son 
witili  several  pickers  finished  the  straw¬ 
berry  bed.  Those  berries  we  use  for  to¬ 
morrow,  and  in  the  afternoon  pick  for  the 
next  day.  We  had  about  one-lialf  bushel 
of  cherries  gathered  also.  About  5  o’clock 
the  electric  freight  stopped  at  our  drive¬ 
way  and  put  off  some  southern  pro.duee, 
for  we  sell  not  only  what  we  raise,  but  a 
full  line  of  fruit  and  produce,  ninning  a 
regular  huckster  team. 

Perhaps  a  few  words  about  asparagus 
will  not  come  amiss.  Many  beds  are  ruined 
by  late  cutting.  On  June  1  I  leave  one 
sialk  to  each  st.ool.  and  a  week  later  I 


leave  another.  At  all  times  those  not 
larger  than  a  lead  pencil  are  allowed  to 
grow.  These  few  stalks  give  the  plants  a 
chance  to  breathe  and  relieves  what  must 
be  to  them  a  desperate  effort  for  breath. 
Of  course  a  bed  so  kept  cannot  be  wheel 
harrowed ;  it  must  be  hoed,  but  two  or 
three  days’  cutting  will  pay  the  bill. 

West  Barrington,  R.  I.  F.  t.  j. 


TWO  SIDES  OF  THE  MIDDLEMAN 
QUESTION. 

Getting  a  fair  share  of  the  consumer’s 
dollar  is  a  very  hard  matter,  for  the  mid¬ 
dleman  looms  up  very  large  between  the 
producer  and  the  consumer.  Sometimes  the 
same  thing  can  be  done  by  taking  up  the 
matter  at  the  other  end.  Here  is  what  a 
Western  New  York  Grange  accomplished 
not  long  after  it  admitted  to  membership  a 
wideawake  city  man  who  had  bought  a  farm 
in  its  territory.  The  city  man  knew  a  few 
things  anout  prices  that  the  older  members 
of  the  Grange  may  have  known  also,  but 
which  they  did  not  know  how  to  get  around, 
lie  set  them  to  buying  supplies  by  the  car¬ 
load,  and  this  is  the  saving  that  he  has  made 
in  a  few  of  the  articles  that  he  happened 
to  need  for  his  own  use :  Anthracite  coal, 
SI. 56  per  ton ;  bituminous  coal,  .$1.75  per 
ton,  for  thrashing  and  other  uses ;  mid¬ 
dlings  and  bran,  ,$4.50  per  ton ;  flour,  not 
less  than  50  cents  per  barrel.  Of  course, 
this  does  not  help  support  the  country  mer¬ 
chant  very  liberally,  but  the  city  Grange 
man  is  not  troubled  about  that.  He  says 
that  had  the  country  merchant  charged  a 
fair  profit  on  these  articles  ne  would  never 
have  thought  of  going  around  him  and  buy¬ 
ing  at  wholesale.  It  is  not  denied  that 
there  are  two  sides  to  this  question.  The 
country  merchant  says  that  If  the  farmers 
would  pay  their  store  debts  promptly  it 
would  be  possible  for  the  merchant  to  sell 
at  a  much  lower  figure  than  he  does.  An 
instance  of  this  sort  in  the  practice  of  one 
merchant  is  brought  to  mind  by  the  above 
case.  The  merchant  was  a  financier,  and, 
moreover,  a  good  friend  of  his  customers. 
When  any  of  them  had  run  up  an  account 
as  large  as  he  thought  he  ought  to  carry  for 
them  he  notified  them  that  they  must  reduce 
this  amount  before  he  could  sell  them  any¬ 
thing  more.  The  practice,  however,  is 
largely  for  the  country  store  to  display 
notices  that  it  sells  for  cash  only,  with  the 
mei'chant  wishing  generally  that  he  had 
the  backbone  to  live  up  to  the  rule.  If 
these  abuses  could  be  cut  out  of  the  coun¬ 
try  trade  there  would  be  much  less  occa¬ 
sion  for  the  Grange  to  asert  itself  by  cut¬ 
ting  out  the  retail  dealer.  What  is  the 
l’eason  it  cannot  be  done?  J.  w.  c. 

New  York. 


President  G.  M.  Twitchell  of  the  Maine 
Fomological  Society  predicts  a  short  apple 
crop.  With  the  buyers  and  packers  shout¬ 
ing  “a  big  crop  of  apples  and  low  prices,” 
it  will  be  well  for  growers  to  take  note 
of  conditions.  The  apple  crop  of  the  East 
will  fall  below  1910,  while  the  same  report 
comes  from  the  extreme  West.  Whether 
because  of  the  absence  of  bees  and  birds, 
the  long  and  severe  drought,  or  the  very 
hot  wave  just  as  the  blossoms  opened,  or 
for  some  other  cause,  we  now  know  that 
the  set  of  fruit  all  over  the  Eastern  and 
Middle  States  is  very  irregular.  Reports 
from  the  far  West  are  not  favorable  for  a 
full  crop.  The  yield  in  Maine  will  be  con¬ 
siderably  less  than  in  1910.  One  condition 
to  be  kept  in  mind  is  the  abnormal  size  of 
Winter  apples  at  this  season — July  8 — and 
with  this  the  color,  by  which  varieties  may 
be  distinguished.  Whether  this  indicates 
early  maturity  or  not  can  be  determined 
only  as  the  season  progresses.  The  pres¬ 
ence,  at  this  early  period  of  the  Fall  web- 
worm  and  the  evidence  of  destruction  will 
necessitate  a  sharp  eye  and  knife,  constant 
watchfulness  and  a  good  fire. 

“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bovvker’s 
Fertilizers ;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 


NO  BETTER  ROOFING  MADE 
AT  DOUBLE  OUR  PRICE 

1  Ply,  $1.20  Per  lOO  Sq.  Ft- 

2  1.50 . 

3  "  1.80  “  . 

Send  For  Samples  and  Our  Complete 
Mail  Order  Catalog  — Free  On  Request 
MANUFACTURERS  DISTRIBUTING  CO. 
Pittsburgh’s  Mail  Order  House 
Dept.  H.  Pittsburgh  Pa. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Seed  Wheat  and  Rye 


ST.  LOUIS’  PRIZE,  RED  WAVE  and  LEIP’S 
PROLIFIC  WHEAT 

NEW  PITCUS  RYE — A  Very  Superior  New  Variety 

Hairy  Vetch,  Alfalfa  and  Grass  Seeds  of  highest 
grade  at  right  prices.  Please  ask  for  price  list. 

JOSEPH  HARRIS  C0M  COLDWANTEES  YORk 


SEED  WHEAT 


GYPSY  WHEAT.  Splendid  Standard  variety, 
proved  by  Ohio  Experiment  Station,  test  running 
20  years,  to  be  the  highest  yielder  of  any  variety 
in  the  State.  We  can  please  yon  if  you  are  looking 
for  good  seed.  Write  today.  Onr  Catalog  No.  23, 
“How  to  Grow  Alfalfa,”  will  be  mailed  free. 

WING  SEED  CO.,  Bax  523  Mechanicsburg,  Ohio 


‘ The  Best  Seed  Wlieats 

Come  from  Maplewood,  acknowledged  the  leading 
Seed  Wheat  Farm  of  America.  Not  the  cheapest, 
but  the  very  best,  and  most  value  for  money  asked. 
Write  to-day  for  price  list,  samples  and  reports  of 
customers  who  have  tried  our  wheats.  Also  Short¬ 
horn  Cattle,  P.  C.  Hogs  and  wool-mutton  Shrops. 
MAPLEWOOD  STOCK  AND  SEED  FARMS,  Allegan,  Michigan. 


AUGOST  is  the  time  to  sow  ALFALFA  without  a  "nurse 
crop”  but  ALFALFA  will  not  thrive  without  LIME. 

Our  LAND  LIME  is  especially  suited  to  the  needs  of 
ALFALFA  ns  it  contains  the  quickly  soluble  “quick  lime” 
which  will  feed  the  plant  this  Fall,  and  the  slowly  acting 
calcium  carbonate,  which  will  act  next  Spring.  LAND 
LIME  requires  no  slaking,  does  not  burn  the  HUMl'S  in 
the  soil,  and  can  be  spread  with  a  drill.  The  Experiment 
Stations  recommend  applying  about  one  ton  of  Lime  per 
acre.  Why  not  try  raising  a  small  patch  this  Fall  ? 
Write  for  prices,  circulars  and  samples. 

THE  SOLVAY  PROCESS  COMPANY,  SYRACUSE,  NEW  YORK. 


FRUIT  TREES 

We  are  ready  to  take  orders  for  Fall  Delivery 

for  BLACK’S  QUALITY  TREES. 
.  .  .  Send  for  Booklet  .  .  . 

JOS.  H.  BLACK.  SON  &  CO..  HIGHTSTOWN,  N.  J. 


TREES! 


The 


By  the  Millions.  A  complete  line 
at  wholesale  prices.  Large  supply 
of  peach  trees  and  Privet  Hedging. 

Westminster  Nursery,  Westminster,  Maryland 


CDIIIT  TDEEZC  flND  plants  of  all  kinds  at 

I  II III  I  I  II LLO  Reasonable  Prices.  Send 
for  Price  List.  BASIL  PERRY,  D.  18,  Cool  Spring,  Del. 


Tnrrp  for  fall  planting.  We 

I  U  Li  La  V  have  the  finest  stands  of  pear,  plum, 
I  IlLLtJ  and  cherry  ever  grown  in  the  Upper 
Genesee  Valley.  Write  us  today. 

KING  BROS.  NURSERIES,  Bansville,  N.Y. 


2000  Acres  in  Nurseries— JO  Valuable  Farms  For  Sale, 
■ - -  Harrison  s  Nurseries,  Berlin,  Md. 


Alfalfa  Clover 

should  be  sown  during  August  and  Sep¬ 
tember.  We  offer  high-grade  American 
grown  seed  and  will  send  sample  and 
price  on  request. 

Crimson  Clover 

the  great  soil  improver;  also  earlv  green 
food,  grazing  and  hay.  Special  circular, 
sample  and  price  of  seed  on  request. 

Winter  Vetch 

(Vicia  Villosa) 

Valuable  as  a  winter  cover  crop  and  for 
green  manure.  Extremely  hardy.  Write 
for  price. 

Dreer’s  Autumn  Catalog 

Ready  early  in  September  and  mailed  free  to 
all  applicants;  offors  Seeds,  Plants  and  Bulbs 
for  Fall  planting.  Write  for  a  copy. 


HENRY  A.  DREER 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA 


CaoH  Whoa!  Read’s  Vermont.  New  vari. 

ww  MvCJl  ety,  sown  Sept.  20.  Aver- 
yield  56  bus.  to  acre.  Big  money  in  wheat.  Write 

for  circular.  G.  A.  Read,  Read’s  Exp.  Farms,  Chariotte.Vt. 


TIMOTHY  <5FFn  an<l  alsike,  both  new  crop, 
l  linu  ■  n  l  uULU  and  without  a  single  weed. 
Also  alfalfa,  vetch  and  crimson  clover. 

O.  M.  Scott  &  Son,  100  Main  St.,  Marysville,  Ohio. 


JONES  SEED  WHEAT 

Pure  and  Well  Cleaned.  “St.  Louis  Grand  Prize”  and 
“Red  Wave.”  Two  of  the  best  yielding  and  fly  re¬ 
sisting  wheats  grown.  Semi  for  samples  and  prices 

to  J.  N.  McPHERSON,  Pine  View  Farm,  Scottsviile.  N.  Y. 


GOOD  SEED  WHEAT“MSmin*,,oh“t'Iv»?LtS; 

that  bring  results — 35  to  48  bushels  per  acre.  Red 
Wave,  Gypsy,  White  Fultz,  Improved  Poole,  Har¬ 
vest  King,  Rudy,  Winter  King  and  Red  Wonder. 
Ask  for  our  Special  Wheat  Circular;  it’s  free. 

MACE  &  MANSFIELD,  Greenville,  Ohio 


SILVER  LEAF  CHOICE  RED  SEED  WHEAT 

for  sale,  weighing  G3  pounds  to  the  bushel  (limited 
quantity).  Apply  to  CHAS.  0.  SMITH,  Fairground,  N.Y. 


ALFALFA  SOIL  FOR  INOCULATION 

.  ,  .  Send  for  Prices  and  Circular  .  .  . 

E.  T.  GILL,  Haddon  Farms,  Haddonfieltl,  N.  J. 


INOCULATED  ALFALFA  SOIL 

75  cents  per  hundred,  $10.00  per  ton.  F.  O.  B.  Ash- 
ville,  Pa.  Send  for  FREE  booklet  “How  to  Grow 
Alfalfa.”  Dr.  H.  SOMERVILLE,  Chest  Springs, 
Cambria  County,  Pa. 


(CONSULTING  SPECIALIST  in  soil  improve- 
raent,  crop  growing,  dairy  husbandry  and  gene¬ 
ral  farm  management.  L.  W.  LIGHTY,  East  Berlin,  Pa. 


APPLE  TRFF^~A,!  liinc,s  Trees  and  Plants. 

Prices  reasonable.  Salesmen 
Wanted.  Mitchell’s  Nursery,  Beverly.  Ohio 


APPLE  BARRELS'LL!.  5PJM 

or  Hoops.  ROBT.  GILLIES,  Medina,  N.  Y. 


1000  to  1500  Grains  Pro¬ 
duced  From  a  Single  Seed 


You  can  increase  your  yield  20  to  30  per  cent,  by 
sowing  only  Yz  bushel  Miracle  Wheat  to  the  acre- 
The  stems  first  grow  outward  rather  than  upward,  and 
some  of  the  stools  measure  16  inches  across! 

Miracle  Wheat 

Grows  From 

*s  a  new  .wheat  of  peculiar  and  phenomenal  growth  and  of 
wonderful  milling  qualities.  No  experiment.  It  has  been 
grown  for  over  six  years  in  Virginia.  You  owe  it  to  yourself 
to  at  least  investigate  it. 

Write  today  for  booklet — free.  Also  tell  us  how 
much  seed  you  now  sow  per  acre,  what  your  average 
yield  per  acre  has  been,  and  how  many  acres  of  wheat 
you  expect  to  plant  this  Fall. 

The  Stoner  Seed  Wheat  Company 

3451  Walnut  Street,  Philadelphia 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


sir 


“Just  Like  Finding  Money” 


The  recent  Invention  ot  an  all-steel  Motor 
Press  makes  Hay  Baling  one  ot  the  finest 
profit-paying  businesses  on  earth— so  say  men 
who  are  using  the  new  Sandwich  Motor  Press 


1911. 

THE  NEVER-ENDING  WATER  PROBLEM. 
Will  It  Pay  to  Irrigate? 

The  high  prices  in  the  local  markets  of 
some  farm  products,  due  to  the  dry  season, 
have  made  me  wonder  if  a  small  irrigating 
plant  would  not  be  a  good  investment  for  a 
man  with  a  few  acres  adjacent  to  a  good 
stream  of  water  and  near  a  good  home  mar¬ 
ket.  Would  you  please  give  an  estimate  as 
to  the  cost  of  installing  a  plant  large  enough 
to  take  care  of  10  acres,  supposing  the  tract 
was  adjacent  to  a  creek  or  river,  and  that 
the  land  slopes  gently  toward  the  stream? 
'Estimate  to  cover  the  cost  of  pipe  and  gas 
engine,  tank  or  whatever  equipment  you 
may  think  necessary.  It  is  understood  that 
the  land  so  irrigated  would  be  given  over  to 
raising  vegetables,  berries  and  the  higher 
priced  products  and  intensive  cultivation 
practiced,  and  that  a  good  location  would 
be  sought  in  one  of  the  Northern  or  East¬ 
ern  States.  j.  b.  a. 

Findlay,  Ohio. 

With  good  business  management  and  in¬ 
tensive  cultivation,  including  adequate  fer¬ 
tilization,  devoted  to  market  gardening, 
there  is  no  reason  to  doubt  that,  if  there  is 
an  abundance  of  water,  close  at  hand,  with 
a  lift  not  greater  than  20  feet,  so  that  a 
No.  2  or  No.  3  centrifugal  pump  could  be 
used  for  raising  the  water,  by  means  of  a 
gasoline  engine,  the  installation  of  a  simple 
Irrigation  plant  would  be  a  paying  invest¬ 
ment  where  the  land  lies  in  a  compact  body 
with  reasonably  uniform  slope  so  that  the 
water  may  be  readily  distributed  over  it. 
Three-inch  lap-wekl  iron  pipe  would  cost  in 
the  neighborhood  of  $13  per  hundred  feet;  a 
three  horse-power  gasoline  engine  could 
probably  be  bought  for  not  more  than  $150, 
and  a  No.  3  centrifugal  pump  for  in  the 
neighborhood  of  $50.  A  rectangular  10- 
acre  tract  would  be  likely  to  require  700  to 
800  feet  of  three-inch  pipe.  This  should  be 
laid  below  the  level  of  the  plow,  with  Ts 
and  risers  with  caps  or  plugs,  for  taking  out 
the  water  at  suitable  intervals,  and  the 
system  laid  to  drain  itself  completely.  The 
labor  of  installing,  housing  the  pump  and 
engine,  etc.,  can  best  be  estimated  by  the 
man  himself.  f.  h.  king. 

A  Farm  Water  Supply. 

Can  you  give  me  any  information  as  to 
the  most  practical  water  supply  with  the 
following  conditions  to  meet?  A  never- 
failing  spring  of  good  water  about  75  rods 
below  buildings,  with  a  45-foot  rise  to  the 
kitchen  floor.  If  an  attic  tank  be  used  it 
means  about  10  feet  more.  The  house  is 
above  barns,  so  can  feed  barns  by  gravity. 
The  location  of  spring  is  such  that  a  ram 
cannot  be  used.  What  kind  of  a  pump 
would  be  required?  What  kind  of  pipe,  and 
how  large,  and  how  much  power  would  be 
required  to  operate  it?  Also,  where  should 
the  pump  be  placed?  Could  it  be  placed 
above  the  spring  and  half  way  toward  the 
house,  or  would  the  pumping  plant  have  to 
be  located  at  the  Spring?  Would  it  be  pos¬ 
sible  to  use  a  compressed  air  outfit  or  would 
the  attic  tank  be  preferable?  This  outfit  is 
for  a  farm  of  ISO  acres,  one  dwelling  and 
about  30  to  35  head  of  stock.  What  would 
be  the  approximate  cost  of  such  a  system? 

Montrose,  Pa.  H.  b.  s. 

It  would  be  very  expensive  to  install  a 
pumping  plant  with  pipe  laid  below  frost  to 
carry  water  75  rods  for  the  purpose  of  sup¬ 
plying  an  ordinary  farm  dwelling,  with  30 
to  40  head  of  stock.  If  an  abundance  of 
good  well  water  can  be  had  even  at  a  depth 
of  100  feet,  a  better  water  supply  and  a 
cheaper  system  could  be  provided.  To  pro¬ 
tect  against  frost  the  pipe  would  have  to  be 
laid  at  least  four  feet  beneath  the  surface, 
and  galvanized  pipe  at  least  an  inch  in  di¬ 
ameter  would  be  required.  It  would  be  best 
to  install  the  pump  at  the  spring,  but  to 
arrange  a  motor  to  do  the  work  and  to  go  so 
long  a  distance  to  start  and  stop  it  would 
be  so  much  trouble  that  it  would  seem  un¬ 
wise  to  consider  such  a  solution.  A  wind¬ 
mill  might  be  used  with  a  compressed  air 
tank  at  the  spring,  and  arranged  so  that 
it  would  work  continuously  whenever  there 
is  sufficient  wind,  or  throw  itself  out  of  gear 
and  in  again  when  the  pressure  rises  above 
or  falls  below  a  certain  point.  We  would 
not  advise  such  a  plan,  however. 

F.  H.  KING. 

Go  Out  and  Study. 

I  have  about  30  acres  of  land  that  is  very 
nearly  level,  and  there  is  a  river  on  one 
side  and  a  brook  on  .the  other;  the  land  is 
very  light  soil,  inclined  to  be  sandy,  but  not 
gravel.  What  is  the  best  method  to  raise 
the  water  on  this  land?  I  can  get  it  within 
10  feet,  but  I  do  not  know  whether  it  is 
best  to  force  it  up  with  an  engine,  and,  if 
so,  how  large  an  engine  would  lie  needed. 
Part  of  the  land  is  where  the  Indians  used 
to  raise  corn.  There  is  one  part  where  the 
Water  would  go  easily,  but  it  is  almost  level. 
I  do  not  know  anything  about  irrigation,  but 
want  to  make  a  start.  w.  p.  u. 

Milford,  Mass. 

As  nothing  is  said  regarding  the  use  to 
which  this  land  is  to  be  put,  and  as  the 
correspondent  is  entirely  unfamiliar  with  ir¬ 
rigation,  the  safest  advice  for  him  would  bo 
that  he  visit  some  irrigated  tract  or  else  sub¬ 
mit  Ills  problem,  with  such  details  as  In¬ 
can  give,  to  an  irrigation  expert.  It  would 
be  unwise  to  undertake  the  installation  of 
an  irrigation  plant  to  cover  30  acres  such 
as  described  without  first  acquiring  some 
detailed  knowledge  of  the  subject,  or  else 
turning  the  problem  over  to  some  one  who 
has.  If  it  is  contemplated  to  irrigate  or¬ 
dinary  farm  crops  only,  it  is  very  doubtfu/ 
if  _  the  venture  should  be  attempted:  cer¬ 
tainly  not  without  first  acquiring  some  per¬ 
sonal  knowledge  on  the  subject.  A  letter 
addressed  to  the  Office  of  Experiment  Sta¬ 
tions,  Washington,  D.  C.,  asking  for  suitable 
literature  and  the  address  of  parties  who 
could  safely  advise,  would  bring  sucli  in¬ 
formation  as  they  can  give.  f.  ii.  king. 


THE  LOUISIANA  LESPEDEZA  GROWERS’ 
ASSOCIATION. 

On  June  27  and  2S  there  took  place  at 
Monroe,  La.,  the  second  meeting  of  the 
Louisiana  Lespedeza  Growers’  Association. 
It  was  a  meeting  of  much  importance  to 
the  farmers  of  the  Southern  and  Middle 
States.  There  were  two  men  present  of  na¬ 
tional  reputation,  Dr.  W.  H.  Dalrymple,  the 
leading  authority  on  veterinary  science,  and 
Prof.  W.  It.  Dodson,  director  of  the  Louis-  \ 
iana  Experiment  Station.  There  were 
many  men  present  owning  large  plantations,  : 
and  of  high  standing.  Many  facts  were 
brought  out  at  this  meeting,  and  well 
vouched  for  by  the  most  reliable  author¬ 
ity,  that  seem  almost  startling.  Lespedeza 
striata,  or  Japan  clover,  is  no  new  plant. 
It  has  been  grown  successfully  in  the  South 
for  30  years,  and  our  botanists  have  been 
urging  its  greater  use  by  farmers.  It  was 
only  after  the  advent  of  the  Mexican  boll- 
weevil  that  it  came  properly  into  its  own. 
Thousands  of  acres  are  now  being  planted 
all  over  Louisiana  with  the  most  gratifying 
results.  Dr.  Dalrymple  stated  that  13 
pounds  of  Lespedeza  hay  had  a  muscle-mak¬ 
ing  power  equal  to  36  pounds  of  Timothy 
hay,  and  that  if  a  ton  of  Timothy  hay  was 
worth  $20  as  a  muscle-maker  then  Lespe¬ 
deza  was  worth  $60.  While  Timothy  im¬ 
poverishes  land  Lespedeza  adds  greatly  to 
Its  nitrogen.  It  was  also  brought  out  that 
Lespedeza  will  grow  on  land  that  will  not 
raise  Alfalfa,  that  it  is  far  more  easily 
cured,  that  it  will  grow  two  to  four  tons 
of  hay  per  acre,  and  that  it  reseeds  itself. 
Land  planted  in  it  four  years,  that  was  so 
poor  as  to  make  practically  nothing,  will 
raise  a  bale  of  cotton  to  the  acre.  The 
meeting  was  no  promoter’s  scheme.  There 
were  no  promoters  in  it.  It  consisted  of 
the  most  representative  men  of  Louisiana, 
and  I  believe  that  all  the  statements  made 
were  strictly  truthful. 

A  most  interesting  address  was  delivered 
by  Mr.  A.  L.  Smith  of  Stirlington,  La.,  on 
“Transforming  a  Cotton  Farm  into  Lespe¬ 
deza  Fields.”  In  this  address  Mr.  Smith 
stated  that  in  the  old  time  he  grew  as 
much  as  800  bales  of  cotton  on  his  planta¬ 
tion.  When  the  boll-weevil  came  he  thought 
he  was  ruined,  but  he  started  to  growing 
Lespedeza  hay,  and  last  year  his  net  re¬ 
turns  were  greater  than  when  he  was  grow¬ 
ing  cotton.  While  he  was  growing  cotton 
his  lands  were  getting  poorer  all  the  time, 
while  now  they  were  getting  richer.  He 
was  evidently  telling  the  plain  truth,  and 
his  address  caused  much  enthusiasm. 

Just  how  far  north  Lespedeza  will  grow 
successfully  is  not  yet  known.  I  have  seen 
it  growing  on  top  of  the  Cumberland  Moun¬ 
tains  in  Middle  Tennessee.  Mr.  Benjamin 
Buckman,  at  Farmingdale,  Ill.,  has  been 
growing  it  in  a  pear  orchard ;  this  is  the 
second  year,  and  by  Fall  can  tell  us  how  it 
does  in  Illinois.  Wherever  it  will  thrive  it 
will  be  an  untold  blessing  to  the  farmer, 
for  it  will  grow  in  soil  where  there  is  no 
lime,  and  it  will  grow  in  damp  places.  In 
neither  of  these  will  Alfalfa  do  well.  1 
have  grown  it  for  four  year  in  my  pecan 
groves,  and  find  it  far  superior  to  cow- 
peas,  Velvet  beans,  Rod  or  Crimson  clover. 
It  is  no  novelty,  it  has  been  known  for 
many  years.  The  world  is  just  waking  up 
to  its  great  value. 

The  city  of  Monroe  is  a  wonderfu-l  town. 
It  was  the  first  town  in  America  to  own 
its  own  street  railway.  It  now  owns  a 
salt-water  natatorium  400  feet  long,  the 
finest  swimming  pool  I  ever  swam  in.  It  \ 
owns  its  Summer  theatre,  and  its  skating  i 
rink.  It  is  fully  abreast  of  any  of  the 
German  towns,  and  the  most  wonderful  part  ! 
of  it  all,  all  these  municipal  functions 
pay.  At  first  the  railroad  did  not  pay,  and 
it  was  only  after  the  other  things  were 
add<‘d  that  they  all  began  to  pay.  Many 
another  town  in  America  could  well  copy 
after  Monroe,  La. 

SAM  H.  JAMES. 


Transplanting  Strawberries. 

I  have  a  patch  of  strawberry  plants  which 
I  would  like  to  transplant  as  soon  as  pos¬ 
sible.  Tell  me  how  and  when  to  plant 
same.  p.  v.  S. 

New  Jersey. 

You  do  not  say  how  old  these  plants  are. 
If  they  are  old  fruited  plants,  we  would 
not  touch  them  unless  you  are  moving  and 
want  to  carry  them  away.  If  they  are  this 
year’s  layer  plants  you  can  transplant  at 
any  time  the  ground  is  moist.  Make  the 
new  bed  fine  and  rich.  Dig  up  the  plants 
with  a  ball  of  earth  around  the  roots  and 
put  ball  and  all  into  the  new  place.  Firm 
the  soil  around  it,  but  do  not  pinch.  Clip 
off  the  tops  and  let  the  plant  alone  except 
for  working  to  keep  down  weeds.  You  can 
transplant  up  to  September  15. 

Cover  Crop  for  Garden. 

For  a  kitchen  garden  of  about  one  acre, 
what  would  you  advise  sowing  in  the  Fall 
as  a  cover  crop  to  spade  under  in  the 
Spring  for  humus?  Do  you  consider 
kainit  the  best  fertilizer  for  an  asparagus 
bed  ?  L. 

New  York. 

In  the  latitude  of  New  York,  such  a  gar¬ 
den  would  naturally  be  kept  going  with  a 
succession  of  crops  to  the  middle  of  Sep¬ 
tember  at  least.  After  that  rye  will  be  the 
best  cover  crop.  Sow  it  thickly,  about  two 
bushels  to  the  acre,  after  every  crop  that 
comes  out  in  September.  For  crops  like 
corn,  which  are  horse  cultivated,  sow  Crim¬ 
son  clover  during  August  and  cultivate  in. 
We  would  not  advise  turnips  as  a  cover 
crop  for  a  garden.  They  make  a  bad  smell 
in  Spring  and  might  affect  another  crop  fol¬ 
lowing  them.  On  the  whole,  rye  or  rye  and 
vetch  will  suit  garden  conditions.  Kainit 
is  probably  the  best  form  of  potash  to  use 
in  asparagus,  but  potash  alone  is  not  a 
full  fertilizer.  We  should  use  nitrate  of 
soda  and  acid  phosphate  also. 


“Hay  baling  has  always  paid  me  fine 
profits,  but  now,  that  I’ve  got  a  MOTOR 
press,  and  hay  selling  at  a  good  price,  I  am 
raking  in  the  coin  handover  fist!  It’s  just 
like  finding  money!”  That’s  a  sample  of 
the  letters  we  get  from  delighted  owners 
of  our  newest  style  Hay  Press,  the  Sand * 
wich  Motor  Press. 

The  Sandwich  Motor  Press  is  a  combi¬ 
nation  Sandwich  All-Steel  Belt  Power 
Press  with  a  high-grade  gasoline  engine 
mounted  on  same  trucks. 

It  is  the  most  com¬ 
plete,  compact  and 
fast-working  Hay 
Baling  Outfit  in  the 
world.  It  is  porta¬ 
ble,  too!  And  always 
ready  for  work — no 
time  lost  in  setting 
and  lining  up  engine. 

For  windrow  baling 
this  outfit  has  prov¬ 
en  a  whirlwind. 

The  machine  is  of  reinforced  steel  con¬ 
struction  throughout. 

Special  device  makes  it  easy  to  start  or 
stop  press  instantly.  Friction  clutch  is  on 
the  press,  not  on  the  engine.  Special 
chain  drive.  No  belt  equipment  to  lose 
power  or  require  frequent  adjustment. 

Engine  is  7  H.  P.  hopper-cooled  type, 
requires  little  water.  Under  brake  test 
shows  9  H.  P.  Equipped  with  both  bat¬ 
teries  and  magneto.  Tank  underneath. 
Engine  provided  with  standard  gasoline 
pump  with  overflow.  Combination  seat. 


battery  and  tool  box  included.  A  reliable, 
powerful  engine,  high  class  in  every 
particula  r. 

If  you  have  an  engine,  buy  the  Press 
alone.  It  is  easy  to  mount  any  standard 
hopper-cooled  engine  on  platform. 

The  Sandwich  All-Steel  Hay  Press 
bales  35  per  cent  more  hay  than  others 
of  equal  rated  capacity — 2lA  to  3 'A  tons 
per  hour.  Has  self-feeder  equipment. 
Takes  double  charge  of  hay.  Has  no  con¬ 
denser  box,  needs  no  foot  tamping — feeds 
direct  from  fork. 
No  balance  wheels, 
no  complicated 
gears,  no  high  speed 
machinery.  Fast, 
simple,  strong  and 
light  of  draft. 

If  a  smaller  outfit 
is  desired,  one  some¬ 
what  less  expensive 
and  having  capacity 
of,  say  1%  to  2  tons 
per  hour,  we  can  furnish  it,  using  either 
a  4  or  5  H.  P.  gasoline  engine. 

We  make  Motor  Presses  (complete  or 
without  supplying  engines);  wood 
frame  and  steel  frame  presses;  horse 
power  and  engine  power  presses  in 
all  sizes  up  to  5-ton  per  hour  capacity. 

Drop  us  a  line,  a  postal,  today  for  new 
book  about  the  proiits  in  hay  baling. 
We  want  to  tell  you  particularly  about 
Sandwich  Motor  Presses.  Address 


SANDWICH  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY 

466  Spruce  Street,  Sandwich,  III.  (43) 


The 
Modern 
Wagon 


¥ 


OUR  BOOKLET 

When  the  Going  is  Hard 

Contains  information  that  is  well  worth  your 
time  to  read.  The  discussion  on  "A  Wheel 
with  One  Spoke”  is  worth  DOLLARS  to  you. 
We  tell  you  why  a  wooden  wheel  is 
dished,  which  is  something:  many  wagon 
manufacturers  do  not  know.  There  are  about 
twenty-five  other  articles  just  as  interesting:. 

DAVENPORT  ROLLER-BEARING 

STEEL  FARM  WAGON 


There  are  many  reasons  why  the  DAVENPORT  is  the  wagon  for  the  farmer  today. 
Among  these  are:  30%  to  50%  Lighter  Draft.  Increased  Carrying  Capacity,  Does  Not  Carry 
Mud,  No  Repair  Bills.  No  Tires  to  Reset,  and  Many.  Many  More^ 

Better  Investigate.  Write  for  the  booklet  and  also 
for  our  Package  No.  36.  Both  sent  FREE. 

JOHN  DEERE  PLOW  COMPANY 

Moline,  Illinois  THE  ROLLER  BEAR)NG 


Farmers 

ELLIS 

CHAMPION 
THRESHERS 

are  equally  well  suited  to  thresliermen 
and  grain  growers  desirous  of  doing  their 
own  work.  Herewith  is  shown  Ellis  Cham¬ 
pion  No.  3  complete  with  stacker,  tailings 
elevator  and  grain  bagger;  operated  by  gasoline, 
steam  or  tread  power.  No  clogging  of  straw  in  these 
threshers.  Made  in  different  sizes  to  meet  all  needs. 

We  also  make  Tread  and  Sweep  Horse-Power,  circular 
and  drag  saws,  ensilage  cutters,  corn  sheliers,  etc.  Send 
for  catalog  giving  full  information  about  these  machines. 

ELUS  KEYSTONE  AGRICUL  TURAL  WORKS , 


Do  Your  Own  Threshing! 
You  can  save  the  cost  of  a  rig 
in  a  few  years  besides  doing  the 


conveni¬ 
ent  time 


Pottstown,  Pa, 


c 


CLARKS 
CUTAWAY 
TOOLS 


DOUBLE  ACTION  “CUTAWAY”  HARROW 

WITH  EXTENSION  HEAD.  Is  made  especially  for  Orchard 
work.  It  will  increase  yourcrops25  to  50 per  cent.  This  machine 
will  cut  from  28  to  30  acres,  or  will  double-cut  15  acres  in  a  day,  It 
is  drawn  by  two  medium  horses.  It  will  move  15.000  tons  of  earth 
one  foot  in  a  day,  and  can  be  set  to  move  the  earth  but  little,  or  at 
so  great  an  angle  as  to  move  all  the  earth  one  foot.  Runs  true  in  line 
of  draft  and  keeps  the  surface  true.  » 

All  other  disk  harrows  have  to  run  in  5  _ 
half  lap.  No  Tongue  Truck  needed,  \ 

The  Jointed  Pole  Takes  All  the  Weight  Off  the  Horses’  Necks, 
and  keeps  their  heels  away  from  the  disks. 

We  make  1-0  frizes  and  styles  oflMsk  Harrows,  a 
Every  innehine  fully  warranted. 

Send  for  TREE  Booklet  with  full  particulars, 

CUTAWAY  HARROW  COMPANY, 

839  Main  St.,  HIGGANUM,  CONN. 


1 


BIG 
CROPS 


SANDWICH 

MOTOR  PRESS 


HIM 


-THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


August  12, 


WHAT  THE  N.  Y.  LEGISLATURE  DID. 

The  Legislature  of  New  York  State  on 
July  21  took  a  recess  until  September  6, 
leaving  in  the  hands  of  Governor  Dix  a 
large  number  of  bills.  Since  that  date  the 
Governor  has  devoted  his  time  solely  to 
their  consideration,  and  on  Monday  of  this 
week  (July  .31)  completed  his  task. 

Some  of  the  results  of  the  past  session 
are  these : 

New  laws,  868  in  number,  as  compared 
with  705  of  the  year  before. 

Total  approved  appropriations  amount  to 
$42,824,458.30. 

Net  decrease  in  total  appropriations  over 
those  of  last  year,  $1,950,379.16. 

Total  amount  of  items  disallowed  is  $5,- 
519,128.27. 

Ilills  approved  for  charitable  institutions 
and  prisons  (not  maintenance)  $1,010,907 ; 
for  highway  repairs  $3,902,333  ;  for  capitol 
repairs  and  educational  building,  $1,650,- 
000. 

The  total  approved  amount  carried  by 
the  annual  appropriation  and  supply  bills 
classed  therein  under  the  head  “Agricul¬ 
tural,”  is  $1,583,876.  The  principal  items 
going  to  make  up  this  sum  are : 
Department  of  Agriculture . $297,312 


San  Jos6  scale  extermination .  10,000 

Statistics  .  8,000 

Enforcing  vinegar  and  food  laws..  11,000 

Farmers’  Institutes  .  36,000 

Contagious  animal  diseases .  80,000 

Dairy  products  inspection .  17,000 

Geneva  Agricultural  Experiment 

Station  .  109,300 

Veterinary  College  at  Cornell .  50,500 

Agricultural  College  at  Cornell...  235,000 

Extension  work  .  53,000 

Summer  School  of  Agriculture  for 

Teachers  .  4,000 

Instruction  in  physics  and  chemis¬ 
try  to  increased  number  of  stu¬ 
dents  in  agricultural  college.  —  20,000 

St.  Lawrence  University .  52,666 

Morrisville  Agricultural  School...  55,600 
Additional  land  for  Geneva  Station  15,500 

Alfred  University  .  44,463 

State  Fair  Commission,  premiums, 

salaries,  etc .  99,950 

For  agricultural  fairs .  250,000 

Tubercular  animals  destroyed .  85,000 

Animals  with  glanders  destroyed..  35,000- 


Vetoes  written  by  Governor  Dix  were  324 
in  number — a  record  in  vetoes.  The  only  ] 
items  under  the  heading  of  “Agricultural”! 
in  the  two  bills  that  were  disallowed  by 
the  Governor  were  these : 


Collection  and  maintenance  of  a 

food  exhibit  .  $1,000 

Investigating  condition  of  grape 

culture  in  Chautauqua  County...  7,500 

Greenhouse  at  Agricultural  College, 

Cornell  .  20,000 

Heating  and  lighting  plant  at  Mor¬ 
risville  Agricultural  School .  25,000 

Improvement  grange  building.  State 

,  fair  grounds  .  3,000 

Dept,  of  Agriculture,  for  litigation.  2,200 
Railroad  transportation  of  delegates 
to  attend  agricultural  conventions 

in  other  States .  1,500 

Improvement  State  fair  buildings.  .  3,000 

One  of  the  last  vetoes  from  the  Gover¬ 


nor’s  pen  was  that  of  Senator  Ramsperger’s 
bill  appropriating  $3,000  for  the  establish¬ 
ment  of  a  bureau  of  agricultural  labor  at 
Buffalo. 


Alfalfa  for  Horses. 

After  having  prepared  an  acre  of  land 
for  Alfalfa,  to  be  sown  by  the  end  of  July, 
I  am  told  that  everyone  around  here  who 
has  tried  this  crop,  has  had  to  cope  with 
colic  in  horses  from  feeding  it  to  them. 
Could  you  give  me  any  advice  on  this 
question  ?  m.  b. 

Norwalk,  Conn. 

Go  right  ahead  with  the  Alfalfa.  You 
will  have  no  more  trouble  with  it  than  with 
clover  hay.  It  must  be  fed  with  judgment. 
Too  much  to  begin  with  or  green  Alfalfa 
or  wet  or  mouldy  hay  may  cause  colic  or 
bloat,  but  thousands  of  farmers  are  feed¬ 
ing  Alfalfa  as  the  only  forage,  and  get  the 
best  of  results. 

Plowing  in  Buckwheat. 

Early  this  month  I  put  in  seven  acres 
of  buckwheat,  expecting  to  cut  it  for  the 
grain,  and  then  follow  with  buckwheat  and 
rye  to  plow  in.  It  came  up  promptly,  and 
grew  about  six  inches,  when  the  hot  wave 
struck  it.  It  stopped  growing  and  com¬ 
menced  to  blossom.  As  it  is  too  short  to 
cut,  of  course  the  only  thing  to  do  is  to 
plow  it  in,  but  when  is  the  best  time,  to 
let  it  ripen  and  then  plow,  or  harrow  it  in 
with  the  expectation  of  getting  a  crop 
from  that  seeding  in  time  to  sow  again  to 
plow  in  while  green?  What  do  you  think 
about  it?  F.  H. 

We  should  let  it  ripen  and  then  plow 
shallow  or  disk  so  as  to  work  the  seed  un¬ 
der.  Then  sow  rye  and  harrow  in.  The 
buckwheat  should  come  up  first  and  make 
a  fair  growth  before  frost.  Let  it  die 
down  on  the  ground.  The  rye  should  grow 
up  through  it  and  make  a  fair  crop. 

Florida  Note. 

This  is  the  slack  season  here,  comparable 
to  the  leisure  January  brings  to  the  farmer 
in  the  North.  In  fact,  this  is  a  cropping 
country  rather  than  a  farming  country,  and 
it  is  a  safe  guess  that  95  per  cent  of  the 
large  acreage  used  exclusively  for  Winter 
truck  growing  is  absolutely  neglected  from 
the  time  the  crop  is  gathered  in  late  Win¬ 


ter  or  Spring,  until  about  November  1, 
when  preparation  for  the  next  crop  begins. 
Personally  I  am  using  different  methods, 
have  nine  acres  of  Velvet  beans  growing 
for  improvement  crop  and  am  plowing  the 
rest  of  the  farm  in  time  for  the  heavy 
growth  of  weeds  to  decay,  rather  than  burn 
as  is  the  usual  practice,  d.  l.  haiitman. 

Florida. 


Bigger  Profits 
With  This  Power 


s  _ 

More  work  at  less  expense  and  less 
cost  than  with  any  other  engine  made.  Lettis^H 
prove  it.  Write  for  Free  Leffel  Book.  Ymiarenot  ^ 
prepared  to  buy  until  you  get  our  proposition. 

Leffel 

Steam 

Engines 

j*r«  the  simplest, 
most  durable,  and 
economical  power 
outfits  made.  Large 
variety  of  uses.  No 
breakdowns,  no  de¬ 
lays.  Don’t  decide 
on  any  outfit  until 
you  get  the  LEFFEL: 

FREE  BOOK. 

Address 

James  Leffel  k  Co. 

Box 2 64  Springfield, 


15-Acre  Farm  For  SalrgSSUtSdSS! 

en  Farm.  Address:  W.  G.,care  Rural  New-Yorker. 


Two  Handsome  Colonial  Homes  conven  iences, 

one  of  100  acres,  the  other,  250  acres  near  Warrenton,  Va. 
Social  conditions  excellent;  beautiful  views,  descriptions 
and  photographs  on  application;  these  are  among  the 
most  attractive  places  in  Piedmont.  Va.,  and  should  be 
investigated  at  once;  a  large  list  of  farms  and  homes  to 
select  from.  Apply  to  K.  Scott  tarter  k  Co.,  Warren  toil,  Va. 


W  ater— W  ater— W  ater 

Just  when  you  want  it,  independent 
of  wind  or  weather,  if  you  have  a 

“Jack  Junior”  Gasoline  Engine 

and  Handy  Pump  Jack 


The  combination  is  just  right  for  farm 
pumping.  Gives  the  stock  plenty  of  cool, 
fresh  water,  waters  the  garden  and  supplies  a 
reliable  water  system  for  the  home  and  dairy. 

This  outfit  will  work  any  ordinary  wind¬ 
mill  pump  to  its  full  capacity.  1,000  gallons 
per  hour  on  a  moderate  lift  is  easy  with  this 
outfit  if  your  pump  has  that  capacity. 

The  Handy  Pump  Jack  can  be  easily  at¬ 
tached  to  any  windmill  pump.  It  is  back-geared, 
strongly  built  and  has  tight  and  loose  pulleys. 

The  Jack  Junior  is  a  four  cycle,  water  cooled 
Gasoline  Engine:  simple  design,  strong  and  dur¬ 
able,  and  guaranteed  to  develop  full  one  horse 
power.  It  is  a  perfect,  practical  engine  for  gen¬ 
eral  farm  work  and  will  run  any  of  the  hand  or 
foot  power  machinery. 

Send  for  full  information  given  in  free 
Catalog  No.  PR  698 

Fairbanks,Morse&Co. 

Chicago _  New  York 


Choice  Lot 


of  thoroughbred  Chester 
Whiles,  extra  fine  breed¬ 
ing  stock  —  registered. 

GLOVER  &  BURNS,  -  Dorset,  Vermont. 


New  York  State  Farms  ^Lriy  all  parts  of 

the  State.  Catalog  free  to  parties  intending  to  buy. 
NORTHERN  REALTY  CO.,  Syracuse,  New  York. 


VIRGINIA  APPLE  ORCHARD  FARM 

132  acres — 100  cleared,  32  in  good  timber.  1000  full- 
bearing  apple  trees,  15  years  old:  Ben  Davis,  York 
Imperials  and  Winesaps.  Quinces,  Plums,  Cher¬ 
ries.  etc.  Two  good  dwellings,  large  barn  and  other 
outbuildings.  Splendidly  watered.  This  orchard 
will  net  20*  on  the  investment.  Four  miles  from 
railroad  and  town.  Only  72  miles  fiom  Washington, 
D.  C.  Price  $5,000,  part  cash.  For  full  descriptions 
of  this  and  many  more  exceptional  farm  bargains, 
address:  HARRY  M.  HUBBELL,  Warrenton,  Fauquier  Co..  Va. 


EXPERIENCED  POUI.TRYMAN  WANTED 
L  on  private  place.  Must  furnish  best  of  reference. 
Wages  $30  per  month  and  board.  Address,  DAVID 

WALLACE,  Superintendent  Rumsonltill  Farm,  Fairhaven,  N.  J. 


Wanted:  Position  as  Farm  Foreman 

Thoroughly  understands  the  business,  and  handling 
of  live  stock.  Position  in  Middle  West  preferred. 
References.  Address:  Foreman,  care  Rural  N.-Y. 


“  FARMS  FOR  SALE 

in  Central  New  York  at  prices  from  $20  to  $100  per  acre 
with  good  buildings.  For  full  description,  write 

ITHACA  REALTY  CO. 

J07  North  Tioga  Street,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

Seat  of  Cornell  University  and  New  York  State  Agricultural  College 


WE  SELL  FARMS  in  Oceana,  best  County  in  U.  S 
Fruit,  Alfalfa,  Grain, Vegetables,  Stoek,  Poul¬ 
try.  J.  D.  S.  HANSON  &  SON,  Hart,  Mich. 


FINE  COMBINATION  FARM 

40  acres,  two  good  and  substantial  frame  houses, 
prettily  situated;  large  barn  and  all  necessary  out¬ 
buildings;  75  acres  good  bottom  land,  75  acres  good 
timber,  2  miles  from  Railroad,  close  to  school,  mill 
and  church;  this  is  a  great  bargain  and  should  be 
investigated  at  once.  Price  $45.01)  per  acre.  Another 
bargain  of  113  acres,  now  being  run  as  a  dairy  farm; 
good  5  room  house,  good  bam  and  all  necessary 
out-buildings;  5  acres  of  orchard;  good  fencing  and 
well  watered.  Price  $5,000.  Write  for  catalogue. 

F.  SCOTT  CARTER  &  CO.,  Warrenton,  V  d 


I  , v  AT)  |  ~>  |  this  real  leather  bill  fold 
Jr  i\  a  v  .1  J  for  the  Head  of  the  Farm 

(Not  for  boys — they're  all  right  and  their  turn 
will  come  later — but  this  is  for  the  boss.) 

Thousands  of  farmers  will  buy  gasoline  engines  this  Summer  and  Fall. 
I  want  to  get  in  direct  and  personal  touch  with  every  one  of  them,  as  I 
want  them  to  know  about  the  Olds  Engine. 

If  you  are  going  to  buy  an  engine,  or  are  thinking  about  if,  you  ought  to  know  what  an 
Olds  Engine  will  do  for  you.  I  want  to  tell  you  about  them — 
give  you  just  the  information  you  want — so  if  you  will  fill  out  the 
coupon  below  (or  write  me  a  letter)  saying  what  size  engine  you 
want,  whether  portable  or  stationary,  and  when  you  expect  to  need 
one,  without  asking  you  to  make  any  promise  or  obligating  you 
in  any  way,  I  will  send  you  absolutely  free  this  genuine  calfskin 
bill  fold,  stamped  with  your  name  in  gold  letters. 

It  will  hold  fifteen  bills  easily.  When  folded  it  will  go  in 
a  small  pocket.  It  is  very  convenient,  handsome  and  useful; 
will  last  a  lifetime.  Has  no  advertisement  on  it. 


OLDS 


GASOLINE 

ENGINES 


are  known  the  world  over  and  used  by  farmers  everywhere.  They  are  the  most  satis¬ 
factory  engine  made  for  farm  work.  1  guarantee  them  to  do  all  we  say  they  will — you 
to  be  the  judge.  Ask  any  man  who  has  an  Olds  Engine.  He  will  tell  you. 


Cut  or  tear  off  here 


Send  me  full  particulars  about  the  following  engine.  It 
is  understood  that  I  do  not  obligate  myself  in  any  way  by 
asking  for  this  information. 

Style  wanted  :  Portable  Stationary 

Horse  Power  wanted:  1)4  3  4)4  6  8  12  15  20 

Expect  to  need  it :  Aug.  Sept.  Oct,  Nov.  Dec. 


Name- 


Town . R .  F.  D. 


County . .  .  State 


Sign  name  plainly,  just  the  way  you  want  it  on  bill  fold. 


We  also  make  complete  electric  light  and  water  systems  especially  for  farms . 
Write  for  our  prices  on  corn  shellers,  corn  buskers,  feed  grinders  and  cream  separators. 

If  you  are  going  to  buy  an  engine,  put  a  check  mark  (X)  in  the  place  showing  the  size  and  style 
engine  you  want,  and  when  you  expect  to  need  it,  and  mail  to  me  personally  at  once.  Address  me 
as  below. 


BRANCHES 

1007  Famam  St. 

Omaha,  Neb. 

2112  Central  St. 

Kansas  City,  Mo. 


J.  B.  SEAGER,  Gen.  Mgr. 

Seager  Engine  Works 

908  Walnut  St.,  Lansing,  Mich. 


BRANCHES 

102  N.  Los  Angeles  St. 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

65C  Beverly  St. 

Boston,  Mass. 


To  make  quick  deliveries,  I  also  have  a  complete  stock  of  engines  and  parts  in  warehouses  at 
Houston,  Tex,  Atlanta, Ga.  Decatut,  111.  Lexington,  Miss.  Cairo,  111.  Minneapolis,  Minn.  Binghamton,  N.Y.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

NOTICE — If  you  prefer,  write  to  my  nearest  branch,  and  if  I  am  not  there, 
my  personal  representative  will  attend  to  it. 


1911. 


819 


ROOTS  PENETRATING  TILE. 

IF.  S.  It.,  Greensburg,  Pa. — Will  grape  or 
blackberry  roots  go  down  4%  feet  and  en¬ 
ter  glazed  tile  drains  with  cemented  joints? 
I  know  that  Carolina  poplar  roots  will  go 
down  that  far,  because  a  house  drain  got 
clogged  up  and  I  dug  down  and  at  the  trap 
joint,  which  had  been  well  cemented,  the 
fine  roots  had  penetrated. 

Ans. — The  roots  of  any  tree,  vine  or 
plant  are  greedy  for  moisture,  and  all 
the  water  that  goes  into  the  entire 
structure  must  come  through  them.  But 
there  are  very  great  differences  in  the 
depth  to  which  they  go  for  water  and 
their  greediness  for  it.  The  roots  of 
the  Carolina  poplar  and  of  all  the  pop¬ 
lar  or  cottonwood  genus  are  very  per¬ 
sistent  and  penetrating,  but  I  do  not 
think  they  could  go  through  the  joints 
of  well-cemented  tile  drains.  They 
would  find  their  way  through  any  very 
small  cracks  and  when  once  through 
would  enlarge  them  by  growth  if  this 
is  possible.  There  is  near  my  house  in 
Washington,  D.  C.,  a  large  Carolina 
poplar  tree  that  has  roots  that  have 
found  their  way  under  the  walls  and 
along  under  the  cement  floor  of  the 
basement  for  many  feet  and  grown  so 
vigorously  that  they  have  burst  up 
the  cement  and  made  ridges  similar  to 
those  of  a  mole  in  the  earth.  But  the 
roots  of  the  grape  and  blackberry  will 
not  do  any  such  thing  and  are  not  likely 
to  give  trouble  by  filling  drains  in  any 
place  where  they  are  four  feet  or  more 
deep.  H.  E.  VAN  LEMAN. 


PAPER  FROM  BANANAS. 

I  am  told  that  some  varieties  of  bananas 
are  used  for  making  paper,  and  that  they 
may  take  the  place  of  wood  pulp  for  that 
purpose.  Is  this  true?  H.  J.  s. 

Very  likely  such  stories  are  told  by 
people  who  are  trying  to  sell  shares  of 
stock  in  Mexican  banana  plantations. 
We  have  received  the  following  from 
the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry: 

The  fibre  of  the  species  of  banana  which 
is  used  for  textile  purposes  is  excellent  for 
paper  making,  but  is  altogether  too  valuable 
to  be  devoted  to  this  use.  The  leaves  of 
the  common  fruit-bearing  species  also  con¬ 
tain  a  certain  amount  of  fibre  which  is 
good  paper-making  material,  but  the  amount 
which  can  be  obtained  per  ton  of  dry  ma¬ 
terial,  and  the  cost  of  obtaining  this  ma¬ 
terial  and  transporting  it  to  a  place  where 
it  can  be  used,  render  it  impossible  to  com¬ 
pete  with  wood  pulp  at  anything  like  the 
present  prices.  In  considering  the  value  of 
any  such  material  for  paper  making  we  must 
take  into  account  the  large  proportion  of 
moisture  which  must  first  bo  eliminated 
from  the  green  material,  in  order  that  it 
may  be  safely  baled  and  transported,  and, 
secondly,  it  must  be  remembered  that  a  very 
large  proportion  of  the  tissue  of  the  plant 
is  composed  of  pith  cells  or  exceedingly 
short  fibre,  which  is  of  comparatively  little 
value  for  making  paper  by  any  of  the 
processes  now  generally  employed. 

N.  A.  COBB. 

Agricultural  Technologist. 

All  sorts  of  stories  are  told  about  the 
possibilities  of  banana  culture.  Among 
others  is  a  report  from  Consul  Dreher 
of  Jamaica: 

About  12  miles  from  Port  Maria,  in  the 
adjoining  parish  of  St.  Mary,  in  this  con¬ 
sular  district,  there  is  an  establishment  for 
drying  bananas,  which  are  exported  under 
the  name  of  “banana  figs.”  Begun  as  an 
experiment  five  years  ago,  it  has  turned  out 
to  be  so  successful  that  its  capital  stock 
was  recently  increased  50  per  cent,  and  is 
now  about  $15,000,  on  which  an  annual 
dividend  of  12  per  cent,  is  paid.  The 
bananas  are  dried  by  means  of  hot  air,  but 
the  process  fs  a  profound  secret.  It  is  as¬ 
serted  that  there  are  only  two  machines 
in  use  in  the  world  for  drying  bananas  by 
this  process,  the  one  in  this  factory  and  the 
other  in  South  Africa.  The  fruit  is  dried 
when  fully  ripe ;  and  although  no  sugar  is 
used,  the  “figs”  are  sweet  and  delicious. 
The  demand  for  this  product  far  exceeds 
the  output  of  the  enlarged  establishment. 
Besides  the  “figs,”  there  is  a  by-product 
called  “banana  meal,”  which  makes  an  ex¬ 
cellent  breakfast  food,  and  which  is  also 
exported,  though  only  to  a  limited  extent. 


Quantity  of  Alfalfa  Seed. 

Will  you  tell  me  how  much  Alfalfa  seed 
I  need  for  a  piece  of  ground  39x200  feet? 
Pearl  River,  N.  Y.  r.  ir.  g. 

You  have  7.800  square  feet  of  ground. 
There  are  43.5G0  square  feet  in  an  acre. 
A  heavy  seeding  of  Alfalfa  would  be  30 
pounds  of  seed  per  acre.  Thus  you  should 
use  four  to  five  pounds  on  your  piece. 


W'HEJ  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


LIME-SULPHUR  AND  PAINT. 

With  what  may  I  spray  apple  trees  near 
the  house,  or  grape  vines  on  a  white  arbor, 
to  prevent  the  paint  turning  black,  as  it 
does  immediately  when  lime-sulphur  is  used 
on  the  trees  or  vines?  Would  it  not  be  well 
to  publish  the  effect  of  lime-sulphur  on 
white  paint?  It  would  have  saved  me  quite 
a  paint  bill  if  I  had  read  of  it  before  I 
sprayed  this  Spring.  There  are  thousands 
of  trees,  shrubs  and  vines  close  to  buildings 
painted  or  trimmed  in  white.  The  lime- 
sulphur  turns  the  paint  nearly  black  al¬ 
most  instantly.  With  all  I  have  read  in  the 
last  year  or  two  of  lime-sulphur  in  a  half 
dozen  papers  and  magazines,  I  have  never 
seen  a  warning  to  this  effect  published,  so 
I  learned  the  fact  by  sad  and  bitter  expe¬ 
rience.  Tell  the  folks  unout  it,  and  tell 
us  what  we  can  use  on  stock  so  located  that  * 
will  not  injure  the  paint.  C.  M.  w. 

Long  Island. 

What  are  you  spraying  for — to  kill  the 
San  Jose  scale  or  to  fight  some  plant  dis¬ 
ease?  If  you  are  after  scale,  substitute 
oil,  or  limoid  and  kerosene  will  answer. 
We  do  not  know  of  a  fungicide  which  • 
would  not  stain  the  paint. 


Following  Oats  and  Peas. 

I  have  just  taken  oats  and  peas  from  a 
small  piece  of  ground,  and  would  like  to 
put  in  something  now  that  will  make  feed 
for  Winter.  I  had  thought  of  sowing  mil¬ 
let.  Would  you  advise  that  or  something 
else?  I  have  set  3,000  cabbage  plants  that 
will  give  me  feed  for  my  two  cows  for  late 
Fall,  and  I  would  like  to  put  something  on 
the  ground  that  will  give  me  a  little  feed 
for  Winter.  L.  L. 

Pennsylvania. 

We  should  plow  this  stubble  and  sow 
Japanese  millet.  Manure  or  fertilize  the 
soil,  as  millet  is  an  exhaustive  crop.  It 
will  give  a  fair  crop  of  hay  suitable  for 
cattle,  but  not  good  for  horses.  After 
cutting  the  millet  in  September  you  can 
plow  the  stubble  and  seed  to  rye. 


APPLE  PIE  AT  THE  WHITE  HOUSE. 

The  Washington  Times  paints  this  pic¬ 
ture  of  President  Taft's  Aunt  Delia  making 
an  apple  pie  for  the  silver  wedding  anni¬ 
versary.  Such  a  pie  would  carry  us  back 
to  childhood  at  the  speed  of  an  aeroplane. 
The  only  fly  speck  on  this  brilliant  picture 
is  the  fact  that  “Pauline”  is  a  Holstein 
cow.  She  could  not  give  “Jersey  cream.” 

“Rolling  up  her  sleeves,  she  will  mix  the 
lard  and  flour  with  just  the  proper  modi¬ 
cum  of  water.  She  will  roll  the  dough  to 
just  the  proper  thinness  and  dress  the  well- 
greased  plate  with  its  first  layer  of  incipi¬ 
ent  joy.  Then  the  apples  pared  with  eco¬ 
nomical  thinness  of  peeling  will  be  sliced 
upon  the  waiting  paste.  There  will  be  no 
stewing  of  the  fruit,  such  as  Dr.  Wiley 
lost  his  reputation  in  advising,  but  crisp 
and  white  each  separate  slice  will  lie  alone. 
Then  for  the  sugar  scattered  with  a  gener¬ 
ous  hand,  the  merest  drop  of  lemon  extract, 
a  sprinkling  of  cinnamon,  a  bit  of  butter 
here  and  there,  and  the  filling  is  complete. 
Aunt  Delia,  as  she  turns  once  more  to  the 
rolling  pin  and  dough  will  take  one  slice  of 
the  deified  apple  and  taste  it,  to  see  if  it 
suits.  Perhaps  just  a  little  more,  just  a 
suspicion  more,  of  the  cinnamon  and  it  is 
perfect. 

“Then  the  upper  crust.  No  lattice  work, 
no  fancy  business.  This  is  to  be  a  ‘kivered’ 
pie,  the  only  real  way  to  finish  an  apple 
pie.  She  rolls  the  dough,  butters  it  lightly, 
then  folds  it  over  carefully,  and  with  the 
knife  cuts  four  slanting  gashes  along  the 
doubled  edge,  lifts  it  still  doubled  to  the 
waiting  plate,  and  unfolds  it  so  that  all  the 
apple  is  encompassed  by  the  covering.  Care¬ 
fully  as  one  would  tuck  an  only  child  into 
its  crib  she  folds  the  upper  crust  under  the 
edge  of  the  lower.  Then  over  the  whole 
she  flicks  from  her  fingers  a  few  vagrant 
drops  of  water  and  from  the  dredge  sifts 
the  daintiest  imaginable  covering  of  flour, 
and  the  composition  is  ready  for  the  oven. 

“It  will  be  late  Monday  afternoon  by 
now,  for  the  pie  must  not  become  cold  be¬ 
fore  it  is  eaten.  Guests  perhaps  are  arriv¬ 
ing,  they  are  asking  for  Aunt  Delia,  but 
not  until  the  pie  is  done  will  she  leave  the 
kitchen. 

“At  last  the  trained  eye  knows  that  a 
minute  more  will  spoil  it,  a  minute  less 
would  have  left  it  incomplete;  and  the  pie 
is  taken  from  the  oven,  and  left  to  partly 
cool.  Unless  something  happens  to  put 
awry  Aunt  Delia’s  schedule,  that  pie  will 
come  to  the  table  just  as  its  temperature 
reaches  the  point  where  its  warmth  will 
serve  only  to  make  more  delicious  the  coo’, 
libation  of  Jersey  cream  which  Pauline  will 
furnish  to  pour  over  it.” 


Boiling  A  Rope. — In  answering  the  in¬ 
quiries  about  how  to  soften  hay  carrier 
ropes,  will  say  that  the  first  rope  my  father 
put  up,  over  40  years  ago,  he  boiled  in 


wood  ashes  and  all  but  one  has  been  treated 
in  the  same  way  ever  since.  Tut  one-fourth 
to  one-half  bushel  in  enough  water  to  cover 
rope,  say  six  to  10  pails  according  to  the 

size  of  your  kettle ;  boil  it  until  you  are 

sure  that  it  is  thoroughly  wet  through, 

then  hang  it  up  to  dry  and  leave  it  alone 

until  perfectly  dry.  Then  you  will  have  a 
rope  as  soft  and  pliable  as  a  tow  string, 
and  one  that  will  give  double  the  service 
tn  wear,  as  one  untreated.  I  have  used 
both  %  and  %-inch  and  have  found  little 
difference  in  them ;  put  in  a  %  last  year, 
and  when  pulling  up  a  few  days  ago  could 
see  no  wear  from  last  year’s  use.  IIow  my 
father  obtained  his  information  I  know  not, 
but  I  do  know  from  my  own  experience  that 
it  will  pay  anyone  to  try  tnc  experiment, 
and  I  do  not  believe  he  will  ever  put  up 
the  second  one  without  treating  it.  I  can¬ 
not  tell  the  reason  why,  but  it  prevents  the 
wear  upon  the  inside  of  the  strands,  which 
amounts  to  as  much,  or  more,  than  the  wear 
upon  the  outside.  a.  s.. 

Yates  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Master  and  Man. — I  consider  your  paper 
one  of  our  best  agricultural  weeklies,  and 
your  answer  to  C.  N.  D.,  page  738,  “Firing 
a  Man,”  is  all  right  and  fully  up  to  the 
standard.  C.  N.  D.  is  the  kind  of  man 
whose  methods  of  handling  men  tend  to 
ruin  both  classes  of  servants — the  good 
and  the  bad.  Every  employer  must  be  the 
head,  must  rule  servants  with  an  iron  will, 
yet  be  both  kind  and  considerate.  The 
weak-kneed,  timid  man  should  have  no  help. 
I  believe  in  an  employer  telling  his  men 
what  to  do,  and  when  once  told  see  that 
the  work  is  done  as  wanted,  and  then  treat 
all  servants  alike.  Have  no  pets ;  allow 
no  man  to  carry  stories  about  his  fellow 
workers  to  his  employer.  If  you  find  a 
man  that  will  carry  such  stories,  be  on  the 
lookout  for  him,  for  he  is  sure  to  be  the 
skin  of  the  lot.  I  keep  an  average  of  I'J 
men  all  year,  and  when  I  am  not  satisfied 
with  the  workings  of  any  of  them  I  assure 
you  there  is  no  argument  about  their  get¬ 
ting  off  the  farm.  When  farmers  are  busy 
cultivating  their  crops  of  the  soil  it  is  well 
also  to  cultivate  a  few  physical  crops,  such 
as  thinking  power,  backbone,  muscle,  a 
straight  eye,  and,  above  all,  be  sure  to 
carry  a  little  sand.  dairyman. 

Orange  Co.,  N.  Y. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


STRONGER  THAN  MEAT 

A  Judge’s  Opinion  of  Grape-Nuts. 


A  gentleman  who  has  acquired  a  judi¬ 
cial  turn  of  mind  from  experience  on 
the  bench  out  in  the  Sunflower  _  State 
writes  a  carefully  considered  opinion  as 
to  the  value  of  Grape-Nuts  as  food. 
He  says : 

“For  the  past  five  years  Grape-Nuts 
has  been  a  prominent  feature  in  our  bill 
of  fare. 

“The  crisp  food  with  the  delicious, 
nutty  flavor  has  become  an  indispen¬ 
sable  necessity  in  my  family’s  everyday 
life. 

“It  has  proved  to  be  most  healthful 
and  beneficial,  and  has  enable  us  to 
practically  abolish  pastry  and  pies  from 
our  table,  for  the  children  prefer  Grape- 
Nuts  and  do  not  crave  rich  and  un¬ 
wholesome  food. 

“Grape-Nuts  keeps  us  all  in  perfect 
physical  condition — as  a  preventive  of 
disease  it  is  beyond  value.  I  have  been 
particularly  impressed  by  the  beneficial 
effects  of  Grape-Nuts  when  used  by 
ladies  who  are  troubled  with  face 
blemishes,  skin  eruptions,  etc.  It  clears 
■up  the  complexion  wonderfully. 

“As  to  its  nutritive  qualities,  my  ex¬ 
perience  is  that  one  small  dish  of  Grape- 
Nuts  is  superior  to  a  pound  of  meat  for 
breakfast,  which  is  an  important  con¬ 
sideration  for  anyone.  It  satisfies  the 
appetite  and  strengthens  the  power  of 
resisting  fatigue,  while  its  use  involves 
none  of  the  disagreeable  consequences 
that  sometimes  follow  a  meat  breakfast.” 
Name  given  by  Postum  Co.,  Battle 
Creek,  Mich. 

Read  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs.  “There’s  a  reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


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THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


August  12, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


Lively  Days. — August  in  our  country 
■will  rank  as  the  hardest  month.  I  have 
heard  grain  farmers  speak  of  it  as  holiday 
time.  After  harvest  there  comes  a  lull  in 
farm  work — with  corn  ami  late  potatoes 
pretty  much  laid  by.  Not  so  with  us.  On 
our  own  farm,  for  example,  the  early 
apples  are  ripening  and  must  be  sent  off  at 
once.  In  spite  of  all  we  can  do  many  bar¬ 
rels  are  blown  off  by  the  wind.  The  first 
sweet  corn  is  ready,  the  early  potatoes  must 
be  dug  and  sold,  the  land  where  they 
grew  must  be  fitted  for  the  Fall  crop,  the 
cabbage  must  be  tended,  and  how  the  weeds 
grow  in  the  strawberries !  There  is  no 
end  to  the  work,  and  the  wagons  roll  by  in 
long  procession  carrying  the  crops  away. 
Prices  this  year  have  been  good,  and  it 
looks  now  as  if  our  farm  sales  would  be 
larger  than  any  year  before.  Thus  far 
we  have  been  remarkably  free  from  acci¬ 
dents,  with  hardly  a  sick  horse  or  a  break¬ 
down  of  any  sort.  It  wall  be  fierce  work 
from  now  until  the  Fall  apples  are  picked, 
and  in  spite  of  all  some  things  may  be 
neglected.  Poets  and  dreamers  tell  us  of 
the  beauties  of  August  skies.  I  like  to 
read  their  poems  in  Winter  before  an  open 
fire,  but  I  wish  I  could  run  a  few  of 
these  dreamers  through  some  of  these  hot 
and  sweaty  August  days  where  it  meant 
work  or  starvation.  Much  of  our  crowded 
work  is  due  to  the  people  far  back  60  years 
or  more  who  planted  the  old  orchards. 
They  loaded  us  with  Nyack  and  sweet  fruit 
which  must  be  picked  right  now.  If  we 
were  clear  of  this  picking  we  could  get  the 
berries  and  other  crops  cleaned  and  then, 
when  the  late  fruit  came,  be  fully  prepared 
for  it.  One  of  the  things  a  beginner  as 
well  as  an  ender  must  get  in  mind  is  a 
plan  of  crops  which  will  not  interfere. 
When  two  crops  both  demand  care  together 
they  are  both  likely  to  suffer.  I  would 
not  plant  any  apples  earlier  than  Wealthy 
or  Fall  Pippin. 

Fillers. — One  of  the  leading  questions 
asked  by  beginners  is  whether  they  should 
plant  apple  trees  to  serve  as  temporary 
"fillers.”  I  planted  our  trees  32  feet 
apart  each  way.  A  “filler”  would  be  a 
tree  put  at  the  center  of  the  square  made 
by  each  of  these  four  trees,  or  even  midway 
between  them  in  the  rows.  In  part  of  our 
orchard  I  used  peach  trees  for  this  pur¬ 
pose,  but  I  do  not  like  them  among  apple. 
If  we  were  planting  again  I  should  use 
"fillers.”  Such  varieties  as  Wealthy,  Mc¬ 
Intosh  and  Black  Ben  Davis  are  good  for 
this  purpose.  I  have  some  Black  Bon  nine 
years  old  that  will  give  about  one  barrel 
each  this  year.  The  fruit  is  high-colored  and 
superior  to  the  old  Ben  Davis.  Wealthy  is 
another  good  one.  My  young  trees  this 
year  will  pay  for  about  all  the  care  they 
have  thus  far  received. 

But  what  about  the  effect  of  these  “fill¬ 
ers”  upon  the  size  and  shape  of  the  per¬ 
manent  trees?  Without  any  question  the 
trees  grown  without  fillers  are  superior. 
The  fillers  do  affect  the  others,  and  I  do 
not  suppose  one  man  in  10  will  have  the 
nerve  to  cut  them  out  in  time.  I  have  one 
tr(>e  40  years  old  or  more  standing  in  the 
center  of  a  field  where  it  has  full  chance 
to  grow.  It  represents  a  planting  of  about 
50  feet  each  way.  That  means  about  18 
trees  to  the  acre  against  42  as  I  have 
planted.  To-day  18  of  those  big  fellows 
will  outyleld  42  of  the  others,  and  give 
finer  fruit,  but  18  little  trees  on  an  acre 
make  a  poor  showing,  and  40  years  is  a 
long  time  to  wait.  I  think  a  man  of  mid¬ 
dle  life  might  *well  plant  “fillers.”  I  saw 
a  man  of  70  once  planting  Baldwin  trees 
45  feet  apart.  They  would  not  bear  much 
under  12  years,  but  he  said.  “I  will  give  a 
tree  a  fair  show  even  though  some  one 
else  get  the  show-down.” 

Milk. — In  the  month  of  July  our  cow 
Mollie  gave  937  ponnds  of  milk.  This 
means  a  total  of  3,253  pounds  since  April 
19.  She  is  now  giving  31  pounds  a  day. 
No  use  for  me  to  repeat  that  this  is  not  a 
great  record,  and  we  do  not  brag  about  it, 
but  this  is  just  what  the  cow  is  doing. 

I  would  like  to  encourage  others  to  weigh 
the  milk  carefully  and  figure.  It  is  a  good 
thing  to  get  away  from  guesswork.  The 
one  thing  that  I  shall  keep  repeating  is 
the  difference  in  the  value  of  this  cow’s 
milk  which  is  made  by  location.  Right 
here  Mollie  has  given  us  $140.12  worth  of 
milk.  I  believe  our  family  has  had  that, 
food  value  from  it.  Back  among  the  hills 
where  this  cow  came  from  this  same  quan¬ 
tity  of  milk  would  have  brought  her  owner 
from  $35  down  to  $25.  We  are  feeding 
this  cow  10  pounds  of  grain  per  day  and 
the  wastes  from  the  garden.  The  pasture 
is  fair.  She  gets  what  she  will  eat.  We 
began  with  half  a  peck  of  sweet  apples  per 
day  and  can  safely  work  up  to  three  packs. 
This  is  the  season  when  we  begin  to  get 
question  about  cows  and  apples.  Some 


years  ago,  while  I  was  running  for  the 
Legislature  on  the  Prohibition  ticket,  my 
cow  broke  into  the  orchard  and  “got 
drunk”  on  apples.  The  scientists  and  the 
farmers  fought  it  out  as  to  -whether  the 
cow  was  really  “drunk”  or  not.  I  think 
the  inebriates  had  it,  but  at  any  rate  the 
cow  went  down  in  a  dazed  condition  and 
lay  for  a  couple  of  days,  bloated  and 
blear-eyed.  Her  milk  flow  stopped  entirely 
and  never  fully  returned.  That  is  what 
will  happen  where  a  cow  gets  a  chance 
to  gorge  on  apples.  Call  it  by  any  name 
you  please.  On  the  other  hand,  apples  are 
as ‘good  as  silage  for  a  cow  when  fed  with 
reason.  Begin  with  a  few  quarts  and 
gradually  increase.  Beware  of  large,  hard 
apples.  The  cow  may  choke  on  them. 

Tuberculous  Patients. — Among  other 
hard  problems  put  before  us  is  the  follow¬ 
ing.  It  comes  from  New  Jersey : 

“A  young  man  (30)  employed  as  gar¬ 
dener,  handy  man,  etc.,  has  just  discovered 
that  he  is  suffering  from  tuberculosis,  this 
knowledge  is  also  possessed  by  his  employer 
who  is  the  father  of  a  family  of  young 
children  constantly  running  and  playing 
about  and  open  to  infection  of  the  disease. 
The  employee  realizes  all  the  facts  and 
wishes  to  leave,  which  thought  the  master 
appreciates  and  yet  the  question  that  trou¬ 
bles  one  about  as  much  as  the  other  is, 
where  can  the  poor  fellow  go?  He  is 
strong  enough  to  do  light  work — can  paint 
and  make  himself  generally  useful.  Is 
there  such  a  place,  a  farm  or  institution, 
for  the  purpose  of  aiding  such  unfortunate 
victims  not  only  to  regain  health,  but  give 
them  work  enough  to  take  an  interest  in 
life?” 

There  are  hundreds  of  such  cases.  The- 
children  should  be  separated  from  this 
man  at  once.  It  is  often  hard  to  do  such 
things,  but  we  must  remember  the  deadly 
character  of  this  disease.  The  New  Jersey 
State  Sanatorium  is  located  at  Glen 
Gardner  in  Hunterdon  Co.  At  this  institu¬ 
tion  cases  which  are  not  too  far  advanced 
are  treated  either  free  or  where  the  patient 
is  able,  at  $5  per  week.  Of  course  they 
could  not  take  incurable  cases.  Regular 
examinations  are  made  on  Wednesday 
mornings  at  10  o’clock  at  the  Newark  City 
Dispensary.  A  physician  examines  the  pa- 
■  tients.  If  it  is  found  that  they  have  no 
funds  the  county  judge  will  recommend 
them  for  admission.  In  the  case  mentioned 
I  would  advise  this  man  to  go  and  be 
examined  and  if  possible  enter  this  institu¬ 
tion.  During  the  past  few  years  the  fight 
against  consumption  has  gained  ground 
rapidly.  The  plan  of  providing  homes  or 
institutions  for  such  patients  is  maturing. 
The  English  people  are  working  out  a 
scheme  for  national  insurance  which  carries 
the  plan  of  building  hospitals  in  every 
county.  That  is  the  tendency  in  this 
country.  In  my  own  county  we  are  start¬ 
ing  such  a  plan.  A  farm  has  been  pur¬ 
chased  near  the  mountains,  and  buildings 
will  be  put  up  where  patients  in  all  stages 
of  the  disease  will  be  treated.  I  can  well 
remember  in  New  England  when  people 
far  gone  with  the  disease  lived  right  with 
the  rest  of  the  family.  During  the  cold 
weather  the  kitchen,  where  food  was  pre¬ 
pared,  was  the  only  room  in  the  house 
that  was  comfortably  warmed.  No  wonder 
the  disease  spread  so  rapidly. 

Lawn  Making. — We  have  a  piece  of  land 
near  the  house  which  will  be  seeded  to  a 
lawn  in  September.  This  is  the  way  we 
go  about  it.  The  land  was  in  early  peas, 
well  manured  and  cultivated.  After  pick¬ 
ing  we  let  the  pea  vines  die  on  the  ground. 
The  weeds  came  up  and  wore  clipped  sev¬ 
eral  times  before  they  could  go  to  seed. 
When  the  rains  came  the  ground  was_ 
plowed  about  seven  inches  deep,  and  limed 
at  the  rate  of  a  ton  to  the  acre.  Then 
began  raking  and  stone  picking.  On  a 
large  lawn  1  would  dig  deep  ditches  and 
put  in  the  stones,  being  careful  not  to 
come  too  close  to  the  surface.  On  this 
small  piece  the  stones  were  hauled  away. 
A  good  eye  is  required  to  make  an  even 
grade,  for  the  water  must  not  stand  in 
puddles.  We  shall  keep  up  the  work  of 
harrowing,  raking  and  stone  picking  at  in¬ 
tervals  until  about  September  10,  when 
the  seed  will  be  put  on.  We  buy  the  reg¬ 
ular  lawn  grass  mixture  and  put  it  on 
thick.  Blue-  grass,  Red-top  and  White 
clover  are  the  main  lawn  grasses.  At  the 
time  of  seeding  we  use  a  “top-dresser,”  or 
chemical  mixture  rich  in  available  nitrogen. 
If  possible  sow  the  seed  just  before  or  dur¬ 
ing  a  gentle  rain,  and  get  it  in  early  enough 
to  make  a  good  Fall  start.  The  chief  things 
needed  for  a  good  lawn  are  first  natural 
grass  land.  That  means  soil  full  of  or¬ 
ganic  matter  and  capable  of  holding  mois¬ 
ture  without  baking.  What  is  called  a 
clay  loam  is  best,  but  even  a  light  sand 
can  be  made  to  imitate  it  by  plowing  in 
several  green  crops  and  rolling  down  hard. 

I  would  rather  plow  under  green  crops 
than  manure.  The  latter  carries  too  many 


weed  seeds.  Second,  the  soil  must  be  like 
an  ash  heap  and  perfectly  graded.  The 
little  grass  seeds  cannot  start  and  grow 
amid  great  hard  chunks  of  soil.  You 
must  have  a  finer  seed  bed  than  would  be 
needed  for  corn,  potatoes  or  rye,  and  the 
surface  must  be  like  a  floor  with  a  gentle 
slope..  Third,  the  seed  must  be  viable  and 
strong,  and  it  must  have  an  abundance  of 
plant  food  close  at  hand.  After  grass  oned 
gets  started  it  is  a  great  job  to  kill  it  out, 
but  it  must  be  petted  and  pampered  at  the 
start.  A  good  lawn  ought  to  last  25  years, 
but  you  cannot  hope  to  start  it  in  25  min- 


State  Fair 

Syracuse,  New  York 

September  11-lb,  1911 
Agricultural  and 


utes. 

“The  White  Hope.” — I  have  felt  that 
Solomon’s  wisdom  was  somewhat  overrated. 
I  think  that  at  times  he  simply  looked  wise 
and  delivered  a  volley  of  words  which 
might  mean  almost  anything.  At  any  rate 
he  should  try  his  brain  on  some  of  the 
questions  which  pour  in  upon  us.  I  select 
the  following  as  unusual : 

“What  is  this  ‘White  Hope’  I  read  about 
in  the  papers?  It  is  often  mentioned,  but  I 
do  not  understand.”  J.  k.  b. 

It  might  refer  to  the  milk  situation. 
Milk  is  white  and  the  great  hope  in  dairy¬ 
ing  lies  in  having  a  fairer  share  of  the  con¬ 
sumer’s  dollar  go  to  the  producer.  Or  it 
might  be  some  sure  cure  for  the  “great  white 
plague — consumption.  Upon  investigation 
I  find  it  refers  to  a  man  who  it  is  hoped  is 
coming.  Ah  !  Some  great,  noble  character 
who  will  show  us  anew  how  to  live  and 
lead  us  into  better  things !  _  Good !  The 
country  needs  such  a  man  right  now.  Of 
course  his  life  will  mean  a  great  sacrifice 
and  he  cannot  expect  to  win  much  for  him¬ 
self,  but  if  he  can  make  the  common  peo¬ 
ple  think  and  act  he  will  indeed  be  a 
“Hope”  for  the  nation. 

Where  does  he  live  now  ? 

We  are  on  the  wrong  track.  These  news¬ 
papers  and  a  large  share  of  the  vigorous 
male  population  are  looking  for  a  white 
man  who  can  whip  the  present  black  “cham¬ 
pion.”  Humiliating  as  it  may  seem,  “The 
White  Hope”  is  some  unknown  human  who 
can  pound  the  present  head  brute  out  of  the 
ring.  If  the  thousands  who  have  this  phan¬ 
tom  constantly  in  mind  would  hunt  and 
wish  with  equal  vigor  for  a  man  who  would 
stand  up  bravely  and  steadfastly  for  plain 
justice  in  public  life  we  would  indeed  have 
a  “White  Hope,”  for  the  earnest  wish  of 
the  common  people  is  sure  to  find  expres¬ 
sion  in  a  man.  That  was  what  Lincoln 
proved  to.be.  The  hunt  for  a  brute  does  not 
interest  me.  It  will  not  prove  my  superior¬ 
ity  as  a  white  man  to  have  some  one  come 
with  higger  fists  and  stronger  arms  than 
the  present  “black  despnir.”  “The  White 
Hope”  that  we  need  is  a  strong  arm  to 
shake  up  our  judges,  cuff  the  grafters  out 
of  the  legislature  and  reach  into  the  mar¬ 
ket  and  even  up  the  consumer’s  dollar. 

H.  w.  c. 


Salt  as  Fertilizer. 

Will  you  let  me  know  how  to  use  salt? 
Our  land  needs  salt,  and  would  like  to  know 
how  much  per  acre  and  when  to  apply,  and 
on  what  crops  to  use  it.  I  was  informed 
that  salt  improved  the  yield  of  wheat. 

s.  D. 

You  can  broadcast  the  salt  like  any  chem¬ 
ical  fertilizer,  or  drill  it  in  with  a  grain 
drill.  You  can  use  500  pounds  per  acre. 
But  how  do  you  know  your  land  needs  salt? 
There  is  nothing  in  the  salt  to  act  as  a 
direct  fertilizer.  It  has  some  chemical  ef¬ 
fect  to  make  certain  forms  of  plant  food 
available,  hut  its  chief , effect  is  not  to  add 
plant  food,  but  to  stop  or  hold  back  nitrifi¬ 
cation.  This  means  the  process  by  which 
nitrogen  is  made  available  in  the  soil.  In 
some  cases  grass  or  grain  will  “lodge”  or 
fall  down  before  it  is  cut.  The  reason  for 
this  usually  is  that  too  much  soluble  nitro¬ 
gen  in  the  soil  forces  the  plants  into  a 
tender,  rapid  growth.  The  stems  are  not 
strong  enough  to  hold  the  plants  up  and 
they  fall.  Salt  stops  to  some  extent  this 
formation  of  soluble  nitrogen  somewhat  as 
it  stops  the  decay  or  fermentation  of  meat 
or  of  green  hay  in  the  mow.  Where  salt  is 
used  the  stem  is  made  stiffer.  Unless 
your  soil  is  rich  we  doubt  if  salt  will  help 
much  except  for  crops  like  celery  or  aspar¬ 
agus. 


Industrial  Exhibition 

Demonstrations  and  Illustrated 
Lectures  in  Many  Departments 

President  Wm.  H.  Taft  and 
Gov.  John  A.  Dix  to  Speak 

Grand  Circuit  Races 
Automobile  Races 
Aeroplane  Flights 

Concerts  by  Pryor’s  Band 


Send  for  Prize  List 


Genasco 

the  Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt  Roofing 

has  the  life  that  only  natural 
asphalt  can  give  roofing  to 
lastingly  resist  all  kinds  of 
weather. 

The  Kant-Ieak  Kleet  clamps 
the  roof-seams  water-tigfht  with¬ 
out  cement,  and  prevents  nail- 
leaks.  Ask  your  dealer  for  Gen¬ 
asco  with  Ivant-leak  Kleets  packed 
in  the  roll. 

The  Barber  Asphalt  Paving  Company 

Largest  producers  of  asphalt,  and  largest 
manufacturers  of  ready  roofing  in  the  world. 

Philadelphia 

New  York  San  Francisco  Chicago 


FARM  WANTFn-'VESTKKN  NKVV  *ork. 

i  n ll  m  it  n  ii  l  LLf  Medium  size,  moderate  price 
farm,  preferably  in  Erie,  Niagara,  Orleans.  Genesee 
or  Wyoming  County,  suitable  for  poultry,  dairy  and 
fruit  preferably  with  bearing  apple  orchard.  Give 
full  particulars,  what  county  and  township,  what 
nearest  railroad  stations  and  villages  and  how  far, 
trolley  lines,  state  roads,  rural  free  delivery,  tele¬ 
phone.  acres,  orchard,  soil,  subsoil,  water  supply, 
house,  barn,  other  buildings,  lowest  price  and  terms. 
__  A.  M.  MATTICE,  53  M  Street,  South  Boston,  Mass. 


Wheat  or  Straw? 

On  some  of  the  best  wheat  land  the  crop  runs  to 
straw.  This  is  because  there  are  not  enough  avail¬ 
able  mineral  foods  to  balance  the  manure  or  clover. 

A  field  test  on  such  land  showed  that  Potash 
increased  the  grain  from  20  bushels  on  unfertil¬ 
ized  soil  to  31  bushels  where 

POTASH 

was  used,  and  to  37  bushels  where  Potash  and 
phosphate  were  used.  Both  were  profitable. 
Supplement  the  humus  of  such  land  with  200  lbs. 
acid  phosphate  and  30  lbs.  Muriate  of  Potash  or 
125  lbs.  Kainit  per  acre.  Potash  Pays* 

If  your  dealer  does  not  sell  Potash,  write  us  for  prices 
stating  quantities  required  and  ask  for  our  free  books  on 

“Fall  Fertilizers’*  and  “Home  Mixing.”  Study 
of  the  fertilizer  question  means  saving  and  profit  to  you. 


RIGHT  PROPOR¬ 
TION  OF  HEAD 
TO  STRAW 


GERMAN  KALI  WORKS,  Ine. 

BALTIMORE,  Continental  Building 
CHICAGO,  Monadnock  Block 
NEW  ORLEANS,  Whitney  Central  Bank  Bldg. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


81!  1 


Ruralisms 


PRACTICAL  BOTANICAL  NOTES, 

Chestnut  Diseases. — In  the  report 
of  the  botanist  of  the  Connecticut  Ex¬ 
periment  Station  Dr.  Clinton  gives 
many  interesting  facts  about  his  work. 
Along  the  Atlantic  coast  our  farmers 
are  only  too  familiar  with  the  chestnut 
disease.  This  fungus  trouble  is  slowly 
killing  off  all  the  chestnut  trees  in  cer¬ 
tain  localities.  On  our  own  farm  it  has 
practically  destroyed  a  beautiful  grove 
of  30  acres  of  chestnuts,  but  scientists 
have  said  that  there  is  no  way  of  check¬ 
ing  the  disease  and  certainly  no  way  of 
fighting  it.  The  disease  has  appeared 
in  Connecticut  and  is  spreading.  Dr. 
Clinton  believes  that  the  fungus  which 
causes  this  trouble  is  a  native  weak  par¬ 
asite,  that  it  has  been  in  this  country 
for  a  long  time,  but  rarely  noticed,  as 
it  has  not  done  great  damage.  He  thinks 
that  the  unusual  Winter  of  1904,  by 
severely  injuring  the  chestnut  trees  gave 
this  disease  a  chance  to  spread  rapidly, 
and  that  four  successive  years  of 
drought  have  helped  to  keep  up  the 
trouble.  If  this  theory  is  correct  Dr. 
Clinton  believes  that  with  the  return 
of  several  wet  years  the  trouble  will 
gradually  grow  less.  We  certainly  hope 
that  this  is  true. 

Smut  in  Wheat. — At  least  four 
times  in  recent  years  samples  of  wheat 
feeds,  usually  middlings,  have  been  sent 
to  the  Connecticut  Experiment  Station 
because  animals  refused  to  eat  them. 
Two  of  these  samples  came  from  feed 
men  and  two  from  farmers.  Examina¬ 
tion  with  a  microscope  showed  that 
these  middlings  contained  the  spores  of 
the  stinking  smut,  a  well-known  dis¬ 
ease  of  small  grain.  In  one  case  so 
much  of  this  smut  was  present  that 
hogs  were  made  sick  when  fed  the 
middlings,  and  actually  refused  to  eat 
more  of  it.  Grain  which  gave  such  a 
quality  of  middlings  would  be  of  no 
value  for  flour,  although  it  is  possible 
that  such  flour  is  made,  mixed  and  sold 
as  low  grade.  It  is  not  known  whether 
the  smut  spores  themselves  form  the 
injurious  principle,  but  there  can  be  no 
question  that  the  action  of  the  fungus 
produced  in  the  plant  tissues  injurious 
effects.  It  is  claimed  that  this  smut 
possesses  poisonous  properties  which 
make  both  the  flour  dangerous  to  hu¬ 
man  beings  and  the  straw  or  chaff  in¬ 
jurious  to  cattle.  One  case  is  reported 
from  Australia  where  650  Leghorn 
hens  dropped  in  a  few  days  from  a 
daily  average  of  100  eggs  to  16,  when 
they  were  fed  the  smutted  wheat.  When 
clean  wheat  was  substituted  these  hens 
went  back  to  a  daily  average  of  80 
eggs.  There  can  be  no  question  there¬ 
fore  about  the  injurious  effect  of  smut¬ 
ted  wheat.  We  have  frequently  given 
the  treatment  for  seed  corn  by  soaking 
or  sprinkling  it  in  a  solution  of  for¬ 
malin. 

Sulphured  Oats. — In  another  case  it 
was  found  that  horses  refused  to  eat 
certain  samples  of  whole  oats.  Exam¬ 
ination  proved  that  there  was  no  fungus 
disease  which  could  have  made  these 
oats  musty.  It  was  concluded  that  the 
oats  were  bleached  with  sulphur,  and 
this  had  left  it  so  that  the  horses  would 
not  touch  them.  There  was  also  a  case 
where  farmers  bought  oats  for  feeding 
purposes.  They  looked  so  plump  and 
white  that  they  were  also  used  for 
seed.  None  of  these  oats  ever  came 
up,  and  the  grass  seeded  with  them 
also  failed.  It  is  probable  that  these 
oats  had  been  sulphured  and  that  this 
destroyed  their  vitality.  Not  long  ago 
we  spoke  of  this  matter  of  bleaching 
oats.  In  many  cases  this  is  done  with 
the  oats  where  the  color  did  not  look 


right.  It  is  doubtful  if  many  of  the 
retail  buyers  are  ever  told  that  these 
oats  are  bleached.  It  is  a  swindle  to 
take  up  badly  weathered  stock  in  this 
way,  brighten  it  up  with  sulphur  and 
sell  it  as  fresh. 

Sprayed  Potatoes. — In  the  same  re¬ 
port  there  is  an  interesting  discussion 
of  spraying  potatoes.  Dr.  Clinton 
found  that  aside  from  any  protection 
from  potato  blight  or  rot  the  sprayed 
potatoes  gave  an  increased  yield  over 
the  unsprayed.  What  was  the  reason 
for  this?  Many  of  the  botanists  under¬ 
took  to  explain  this  increase,  but  the 
theory  was  that  the  Bordeaux  mixture 
stimulates  the  work  of  the  potato  leaves 
by  increasing  their  production  of  starch. 
Dr.  Clinton  believes  that  the  results 
spoken  of  are  largely  due  to  the  retain¬ 
ing  of  moisture  in  the  leaves  in  a  dry 
season  by  clogging  up  the  breathing  and 
water  pores  of  the  leaves  with  the  sedi¬ 
ment  of  the  spray.  He  thinks  that  the 
potato  leaves  through  their  numerous 
pores  lose  water  very  easily.  He  thinks 
the  unsprayed  vines  suffer  earlier  and 
more  severely  from  tip  burn  than  the 
sprayed,  because  the  latter  did  not  give 
up  so  much  moisture  through  the 
leaves. 


GRAPES  AS  ORNAMENTAL  VINES. 

Very  few  gardeners  take  into  consid¬ 
eration  the  usefulness  of  grape  vines  for 
ornament,  and  if  they  do,  do  not  select 
varieties  of  beautiful  foliage.  The  vine 
is  as  sweet  in  the  Spring  as  mignonette, 
is  as  free  from  worms  and  caterpillars 
as  any  other  vine.  I  have  some  250  va¬ 
rieties,  and  would  suggest  for  ornamen¬ 
tal  planting  those  varieties  which  have 
deeply  lobed  or  notched  richly  colored 
leaves  and  graceful  shoots.  First,  for 
beauty  comes  the  Poughkeepsie  Red,  the 
end  of  the  shoot  is  reddish  bronzy.  The 
Croton  is  as  beautiful  but  not  quite  so 
graceful.  The  Senasqua  has  Autumn 
coloring  as  the  leaves  ripen  and  the 
veins  of  the  leaves  are  very  prominent. 
For  rampant  healthy  growth  the 
Duchess  is  matchless.  To  these  if  fur¬ 
ther  variety  is  desired  add  the  Elsinberg, 
Gazelle,  Peabody,  Naomi  and  Quassiac. 
All  these  are  favorites  of  mine  as  to 
their  fruit  except  the  last,  which  I  have 
not  fruited.  A  Monticola  seed  sent  me 
by  Munson  has  produced  a  beautiful 
vine,  but  fruit  is  of  little  value — a  ram¬ 
pant  grower  of  graceful  habit,  small 
deeply  notched  leaves,  thin  as  tissue 
paper,  and  of  the  greenest  green  color. 
Arnold’s  Brant  is  fine  for  ornament,  but 
the  fruit  is  not  even  good.  I  regret  that 
for  looks  the  very  best  grapes  are  not 
equal  to  these  named.  I  refer  to  the 
Walter  and  Iona.  They  should  be  in 
every  garden  however.  Two  of  Mun¬ 
son’s  productions  I  think  should  be 
added,  his  Ben  Hur  and  Tamala,  these 
are  a  pleasure  to  see.  Try  these  on 
your  arbors,  pergolas,  piazzas  and  ter¬ 
race  balustrades  instead  of  Crimson 
Ramblers  and  Ampelopsis.  They  are 
far  prettier  and  are  useful. 

Long  Island.  elbert  wakeman. 


More  About  “Swamp  Root.” 

I  noticed  on  page  686  an  article  re¬ 
lating  to  “swamp  root.”  This  term  is 
applied  to  a  plant,  a  specimen  of  which 
I  enclose,  by  the  colored  people  here. 
They  gather  and  steep  in  water,  making 
a  sort  of  tea,  which  is  considered  good 
for  kidney  or  bladder  troubles.  Those 
who  have  used  it  claim  it  cures  “de 
misery  in  de  back.”  Having  never  had 
occasion  to  use  it,  I  do  not  vouch  for 
its  beneficial  effects,  but  I  thought 
probably  you  would  be  interested  in 
seeing  the  plant,  so  had  an  old  “uncle” 
secure  the  enclosed  for  me.  I  read  every 
issue  of  The  R.  N.-Y.,  and  then  pass  it 
on  to  my  neighbors,  that  they,  too,  may 
learn  what  one  fearless  paper  can  do 


towards  obtaining  a  “square  deal”  for 
the  farmer  and  the  farming  interests. 

Fairfax  Co.,  Va.  chas.  e.  babcocic. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  plant  sent  is  agrimony, 
Agrimonia  Eupatoria  var.  hirsuta.  It 
is  a  mild  astringent,  with  a  faintly  aro¬ 
matic,  slightly  rough  and  bitter  taste. 
Both  leaves  and  root  have  some  medi¬ 
cinal  value,,  though  we  believe  it  is  only 
used  now  in  domestic  practice. 

The  name  swamp  root  is  applied  to 
“Queen  of  the  Prairie,”  Spirjea  lobata, 
with  pinnatifid  leaves  and  panicles 
of  large  roseate,  exceedingly  delicate 
flowers;  found  on  prairies  south  and 
west,  flowers  June  and  July.  The  root 
of  this  plant  is  and  was  used  by  the 
old  settlers  of  this  section  of  Ohio 
(Western  Reserve)  and  is  known  to 
them  as  Queen  of  the  Prairie  or  swamp 
root.  Its  medical  properties  are  much 
esteemed  in  cases  of  bladder  and  kid¬ 
ney  trouble.  It  will  very  likely  be  found 
growing  among  thoroughwort,  or  as 
it  is  sometimes  called,  boneset,  the 
flowers  of  boneset  being  white,  those 
of  Queen  of  the  Prairie  roseate. 
The  root  should  be  gathered  as  soon 
as  the  bloom  begins  to  fade.  The 
Spiraeas  contain  several  plants  of  medi¬ 
cal  value.  j.  u.  G. 

Ohio.  ^ 

R.  N.-Y. — This  is  an  example  of  the 
uncertainty  of  local  names,  Spiraea  in 
Ohio  and  Agrimonia  in  Virginia,  both 
being  called  swamp  root,  while  neither 
of  them  possesses  the  long  pod-like 
fruit  described  in  the  first  inquiry.  The 
U.  S.  Dispensatory  says  that  the  flowers 
of  the  Spiraea  possess  to  a  very  feeble 
degree  the  medical  virtues  of  salicylic 
acid,  while  the  roots  are  astringent,  and 
have  been  used  for  intestinal  disorders. 


THE  ENGIHE  THAT  WILL 
GIVE  YOU  HO  TROUBLE 

mncvn  is  the  only  engine  built 
UblU  without  packing.  You 
can  never  have  blow-outs  or  leaks. 
Fewer  working  parts  than  any  other 
engine.  Built  only  in  two  sizes— 2J4 
and  3}4  H.  P.  The  strongest  little 
engine  built.  Write  for  biilletin  8-B. 

DEYO-MACEY  ENGINE  CO. 

BINGHAMTON,  NEW  YORK 
Manufacturers  of  DEYO  POWER  SPRAYERS 


POWER 


for  barn  work,  house  work,  mill  work,  dairy  work,  well 
work,  spraying,  sawing,  irrigation,  electric  lights,  pumping. 

Astonishing  success.  More  power  gallon  for  gallon.  Hun¬ 
dred  less  parts.  Patent  throttle  gives  three  engines  for  the 
price  of  ono.  Catalog  free— tells  how. 

Double  duty  tank  revolutionizes  cooling 
systems.  Force  feed  lubricator — per¬ 
fect  oiling.  Automobile  muffler. 

Ball  bearing  governor.  Starts  in¬ 
stantly.  No  pre-heating.  No 
crank.  Experience  unnec¬ 
essary.  Women  canoper- 
tate.  Vibration  elimina- 
ed.  Quality  high — price 
low.  Comes  complete. 

Always  hungry  for 
work — and  thrives  on  it. 

FREE  TRIAL 

No  obligation  till  satis- 
fiod.  10-year  guarantee. 

*•  Engine  Facts''  free 
write  for  it  HOW. 

Ellis  Engine  Co., 

51  Mullett  St..  DETROIT,  MICH 


Hardy  Rubber  Trees. 

C.  C.  (No  Address). — I  have  read  in  the 
papers  about  a  rubber  tree  growing  in  the 
Arnold  Arboretum  near  Harvard  University. 
It  is  said  that  the  tree  gives  a  fair  quality 
of  rubber  and  is  hardy  in  New  England. 
What  are  the  facts? 

Ans. — \Ye  have  at  the  Arboretum  sev¬ 
eral  young  trees  of  the  so-called  Chinese 
rubber  plant,  collected  in  China  by  our 
collector  Mr.  Wilson.  The  plant  in 
question  is  Eucommia  ulmoides,  and  is 
said  to  yield  rubber  from  all  parts  of 
the  plant.  We  have  distributed  all  the 
seed  for  trial  in  the  United  States  and 
outside  of  the  few  planted  in  the  Arbor¬ 
etum  we  have  none  left.  The  plants 
give  great  promise  of  hardiness  so  far, 
being  planted  on  a  bleak  hillside,  and 
without  covering  have  withstood  our 
New  England  climate  for  four  years. 

JACKSON  DAWSON. 

Supt.  Arnold  Arboretum. 

Killing  Burdock. — I  see  in  a  late  num¬ 
ber  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  a  question  asked  as  to 
mode  of  destroying  burdock.  I  think  bur- 
dock  (and  I  also  include  wild  parsnip)  the 
easiest  weed  we  have  to  exterminate.  Let 
them  grow  until  they  are  in  full  bloom,  as 
they  are  a  biennial.  Then  cut  off  beneath 
the  surface  at  a  depth  of  three  or  four 
inches  and  they  are  finished.  I  would 
prefer  to  have  either  of  these  plants  set  one 
to  each  square  on  40  acres  of  land  as  to 
have  the  seed  of  one  vigorous  weed  known 
by  various  names  as  stampweed,  pie  or 
cake  print  scattered  over  some  tract 
•  Illinois.  j.  H.  ABELL. 


FRANKLY,  the 


CHARTER 


is  being  sold  so  largely  in 

BIG  SIZBS 

we  are  not  interested  in 
small  ones. 

From  20  H.  P.  Up  we  have  the 
Best  Gasoline  Engine  as  well  as 
the  Original  of  the  World. 


CHARTER  GAS  ENGINE  CO.,  Box  26,  Sterling,  III.,  U.  S.  A. 


RUNNING  WATER 

WHEN  AND  WHERE  YOU  WANT  IT 

Water  pumped  day  and  night  automatically 
from  nearby  stream,  pond  or  spring.  No 
expense  ;  no  attention  ;  no  repairs.  A 

FOSTER  S'„Tv' 


cJpL'. 


RAM  *s  i°w  *n 

—  .  .  fl M  ITl  first  cost 
and  high  in  efficiency.  No 
’attention  or  expense  to  main¬ 
tain.  Write  us  for  Froa  Book 
of  helpful  suggestions. 

POWER  SPECIALTY  COMPANY 
111  Broadway,  Now  York 


THE  CONNECTICUT 
AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE 

Four-year  Course  in  Agriculture  for  grad¬ 
uates  of  high  schools.  Degree  of  B.  S. 

Four-year  Course  in  Agriculture  forthoso 
who  have  completed  two  years  of  high 
school  work.  Diploma  on  graduation. 

Two-year  School  of  Agriculture  open  to 
those  who  have  had  a  common  school 
education. 

Two-year  School  of  Mechanic  Arts  open 
to  those  who  have  completed  two  years  of 
high  school  work. 

Two-year  School  of  Home  Economics 

open  to  those  who  have  had  a  common 
school  education 

.  .  .  Send  for  Catalog  .  .  . 

CHARLES  L.  BEACH,  President,  Box  A,  Starrs,  Conn. 


STUDY  AGRICULTURE 

The  State  of  New  York  offers  courses  in  Agriculture  and  Home  Economics 
at  the  New  York  State  School  of  Agriculture  at  Morrisville,  N.  Y.  Large  farm, 
modern  machinery,  excellent  class  rooms  and  laboratories,  well  trained  faculty. 


TUITION 
IS  FREE 

to  residents  ol 
New  York.  En¬ 
trance  require¬ 
ments  common 
school  educa¬ 
tion.  Necessary 
expenses  low. 

Next  Year  Opens 
October  4.  1911 

For  Catalogue 
Address, 

F.  G.  Helyar 

Box  68- M 
Morrisville, N.Y. 


THE  RURAt  NEW-YORKER 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER' S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  an<l  Suburban  Homes 

Established  tsso 

Published  wcofcTy  by  the  RurarPnblishms  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 

Herbert  W.  Coixixgwood,  President  and  Editor. 

John  J.  Dnxos,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dnxox,  Secretary.  Mrs.  K.  T.  Royle,  Associate  Editor. 


SUBSCRIPTION'  r  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

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Advertising  rates  fiO  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount,  for  time  orders. 
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We  believe  that  every  advertisement  m  this  paper  is  hacked  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  onr 
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Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
tlie  transaction,  and  you  imist  have  j  lentioneci  Tiik  Rural  I?ew- Yorker 
■when  writing  the  advertiser.  _ 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  onr  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

The  disease  known  as  “bunt”  or  stinking  smut  in 
wheat  causes  an  annual  loss  of  $11,000,000.  The 
disease  ruins  the  grain  for  flour  making.  The  germs 
of  the  disease  are  on  the  grain,  and  they  can  be  killed 
before  the  seed  is  planted-  The  treatment  is  to  soak 
or  wet  the  seed  in  a  solution  of  one  pint  of  formalin 
in  50  gallons  of  water.  This  amount  will  treat  45  to 
50  bushels  of  wheat.  The  plan  of  operation  is  simple. 
Spread  out  the  seed  grain,  sprinkle  it  with  the  solu¬ 
tion,  then  shovel  it  into  a  heap  and  cover  with  bags 
or  blankets  for  six  hours  or  more.  The  fumes  will 
work  all  through  the  heap  and  kill  the  germs.  This 
simple  and  cheap  method  works  like  magic  to  destroy 
the  disease,  and  does  not  injure  the  seed. 

* 

We  hope  you  are  following  the  figures  in  this  lien 
contest.  The  last  report  will  be  found  thus  week  un¬ 
der  “Henyard.”  We  expect  dozens  of  hen  men  to 
start  up  and  say  they  can  beat  this  all  hollow.  No 
doubt  of  it.  The  low  record  in  this  contest  is  a  good 
thing,  because  every  man  who  has  kept  hens  knows 
that  Mr.  Dougan  is  not  trying  to  boom  some  “system” 
or  tell  some  great  300-egg  hen  story.  These  hens 
are  not  breaking  any  records,  but  if  they  can  help 
break  the  back  of  some  of  these  fairy  tales  they  will 
not  have  lived  in  vain.  The  hatching  record  is  poor, 
and  the  hens  are  hardly  up  to  the  average  as  layers. 
Yet  when  the  chicks  are  sold  we  shall  see  what  good 
location  and  a  hammer  lock  hold  on  the  consumer’s 
dollar  can  do.  Let  the  experts  and  the  “system” 
sellers  crow  if  they  like — we  want  the  facts  about 
these  hens. 

=8 

On  every  potato  farm  where  seed  can  be  stored 
without  great  loss  it  will  pay  to  select  the  best  hills 
and  save  them.  The  horse  diggers  have  nearly  put 
an  end  to  this  good  method  of  renewing  or  im¬ 
proving  stock.  It  has  been  shown  over  and  over 
that  different  hills  vary  greatly  in  their  yield.  Most 
of  the  small  potatoes  in  many  fields  are  produced 
by  certain  hills  which  rarely  make  more  than  one 
or  two  large  ones.  If  we  plant  such  potatoes  we 
“breed”  or  encourage  this  small  potato  habit.  As  all 
know,  there  are  certain  hills  in  every  field  which 
from  the  start  are  extra  strong  and  resistant.  As  a 
rule  they  give  the  best  hill  yield,  and  the  tubers  will 
carry  on  the  habit.  These  are  the  hills  to  select  for 
seed,  and  right  now  is  the  time  to  discover  and  mark 
them.  They  should  be  dug  ahead  of  the  digger  and 
kept  by  themselves  for  seed.  That  is  one  way 
“pedigreed”  seed  is  bred,  and  such  pedigree  is  full  of 
promise. 

* 

For  many  years  there  has  been  a  desperate  struggle 
with  the  railroads  over  what  is  known  as  “the  long 
and  short  haul.”  The  railroads  have  frequently 
charged  more  for  hauling  a  car  to  a  point  500  miles 
away  than  they  did  for  carrying  it  200  miles  farther. 
For  example,  the  freight  on  a  car  to  Reno,  Nevada, 
was  $400,  while  over  the  same  road  to  San  Francisco 
it  was  $275.  The  usual  reason  given  for  this  was 
that  San  Francisco  had  the  advantage  of  water  freight 
rates,  and  that  the  railroads  must  compete.  The  mer¬ 
chants  at  Spokane,  Wash.,  made  a  bitter  fight  against 
this  practice.  They  saw  their  city  crippled  and  their 
business  threatened,  since  business  men  on  the  Pacific 
coast  could  obtain  goods  from  the  East  and  ship  them 
through  to  Spokane  and  then  back  for  less  than  these 
Spokane  merchants  were  forced  to  pay  for  the  shorter 
haul.  The  railroads  could  use  this  method  to  kill 


off  certain  towns  and  build  up  rivals.  The  Interstate 
Commerce  Commission  has  settled  this  by  dividing 
the  country  into  zones.  The  map  on  page  827  shows 
the  division.  Inside  Zone  1  the  rates  for  long  and 
short  hauls  must  be  the  same ;  from  Zone  2  the  excess 
for  short  hauls  must  not  exceed  seven  per  cent ;  in 
Zone  3,  15  per  cent,  or  Zone  4,  25  per  cent.  This 
new  rule  will  help  many  smaller  towns  and  cities 
which  have  been  forced  to  pay  higher  rates  in  order 
that  larger  and  more  favored  places  might  have  a 
trade  advantage  over  them.  The  railroads  usually 
claimed  that  they  gave  the  “long  haul”  advantage  to 
places  where  there  was  competition  on  ocean,  river 
or  canal.  The  commission  recognizes  this,  but  pre¬ 
vents  unreasonable  reduction.  It  is  expected  that  this 
new  rule  or  law  will  greatly  increase  the  ocean  traffic 
between  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  coasts  when  the 
Panama  Canal  is  finished.  The  Southern  people  ap¬ 
pear  to  think  this  canal  will  increase  business  in  the 
Gulf  States.  We  think  it  more  likely  that  most  of 
the  ships  passing  through  the  canal  will  sail  directly 
to  their  destination  on  the  upper  Atlantic  coast. 

-  * 

Many  a  reader  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  is  pondering  over 
the  problem  of  educating  the  children.  Father  and 
mother  have  worked  hard  and  denied  themselves  in 
order  that  John  and  Mary  may  go  to  college.  One 
of  them  is  now  old  enough — where  shall  they  go? 
It  is  a  solemn  thing — this  sending  your  own  flesh 
and  blood  out  of  the  home  nest — into  the  great  world  ! 
Your  child  has  grown  up  under  your  own  eye,  and 
you  have  tried  your  best  to  give  him  a  fair  chance 
and  a  square  foundation  of  character.  You  are  no 
doubt  a  man  of  middle  age.  There  is  gray  in  your 
hair,  and  the  illusions  of  youth  are  pretty  well  burned 
out.  You  can  see  the  future  of  your  boy  in  your  own 
past,  and  you  know  that  no  matter  how  capable  he 
may  be,  or  how  high  up  he  may  climb,  he  can  never 
win  anything  better  or  more  enduring  than  firm,  moral 
character !  That  is  about  all  you  are  able  to  give 
him  or  leave  to  him,  therefore  it  is  the  thing  above 
all  to  be  considered  in  his  training.  We  considered 
it  first  in  providing  for  our  own  boy’s  education. 
We  would  not  knowingly  let  him  go  away  from  home 
to  take  for  his  ideals  in  education  men  who  take  an 
easy,  flippant  view  of  life,  or  talk  lightly,  or  sneer 
at  religion  or  moral  motives  for  doing  things.  No 
matter  how  brilliant  such  men  may  be,  or  how  great 
and  rich  their  university,  we  would  keep  a  farm- 
raised  boy  away  from  them  if  we  could.  To  specify, 
we  would  not  send  our  boy  into  a  college  atmos¬ 
phere  where  liquor  drinking  or  loose  ways  of  living 
were  indulged  in  by  the  teachers  and  discussed  as 
jokes  or  a  regular  part  of  a  “gentleman’s”  life.  There 
are  such  colleges,  and  while  they  have  turned  out 
some  strong  and  able  graduates,  they  have  also  led 
farm  boys  into  ruinous  habits,  and  embittered  the 
lives  of  men  and  women  who  have  seen  their  life 
sacrifice  turned  to  ashes  by  this  line  of  modern  edu¬ 
cation.  A  farmer  may  well  hesitate  before  he  lets 
his  boy  go  into  association  with  idle  sons  off  the 
rich  or  teachers  whose  views  of  life  are  merely  bril¬ 
liant.  The  son  of  a  poor  man  is  far  better  educated 
among  men  who  retain  his  father’s  sane  and  honest 
views  of  life,  and  in  an  institution  which  must 
struggle  for  its  equipment  and  life.  The  spirit  of  a 
richly  endowed  college  is  not  the  spirit  which  we 
want  to  dominate  the  life  of  your  boy  or  mine. 

* 

The  dreamers  and  the  “agriculturists”  have  their 
places  in  the  world’s  economy.  In  place  they  help 
oil  the  machinery — out  of  place  they  are  more  like- 
sand  in  the  fine  works.  For  these  reasons  they  should 
not  be  put  on  the  commission  to  investigate  food 
prices  in  New  York.  The  last  Legislature  provided 
for  such  a  commission.  The  agricultural  college,  ex¬ 
periment  station,  State  Grange,  etc.,  are  to  be  repre¬ 
sented,  but  Governor  Dix  is  to  appoint  five  members. 
They  should  all  be  men  who  are  directly  interested  in 
practical  farming  or  handling  farm  products.  This  is 
the  best  start  yet  made  toward  a  fair  analysis  of  the 
consumer’s  dollar.  Let  it  be  done  by  men  who  have 
really  carried  the  light  end  of  that  dollar  in  their 
pockets. 

Later: — Gov.  Dix  appointed  the  following  men: 
William  Church  Osborn,  counsel  to  the  Governor; 
Senator  James  H.  O'Brien,  of  Brooklyn;  William  C. 
Brown,  president  of  the  New  York  Central  and  Hud¬ 
son  River  Railroad  Company;  Gilbert  M.  Tucker,  of 
Albany,  and  William  C.  Barry,  of  Rochester.  The 
other  members  of  the  commission  are  R.  A.  Pearson, 
State  Commissioner  of  Agriculture ;  Dr.  Porter,  State 
Health  Commissioner;  Chairman  Stevens,  of  the  Up¬ 
state  Public  Service  Commission ;  Dean  Bailey,  direc¬ 
tor  of  the  State  College  of  Agriculture,  at  Ithaca; 
Whitman  FI.  Jordan,  director  of  the  New  York  State 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  at  Geneva,  and 


August  12, 

Frank  N.  Godfrey,  master  of  the  New  York  State 
Grange.  We  are  not  prepared  to  say  that  these  gen¬ 
tlemen  are  “dreamers,”  but  surely  not  one  of  them 
ever  saw  65  cents  of  the  consumer’s  dollar  get  away 
from  him.  What  is  the  matter  with  the  practical 
farmer — the  man  who  actually  produces  food?.  He 
is  the  man  most  interested  in  what  this  commission 
is  supposed  to  find  out!  You  would  think  lie  was 
some  industrial  leper  or  some  dunce  by  the  way  our 
public  men  run  away  from  him  when  his  own  welfare 
is  to  be  considered.  Are  we  back  in  the  middle  ages, 
when  food  producers  were  expected  to  do  the  hard 
work  and  let  the  “ruling  powers”  think  and  act  for 
them?  It  looks  like  it  at  times.  We  can  show  this 
committee  at  least  that  we  know  just  what  we  want 
in  the  way  of  an  investigation.  Here  is  a  fine  chance 
for  Mr.  Brown  to  trace  5,000  shipments  over  his  rail¬ 
road.  Tell  us  what  the  farmer  receives  at  the  car 
door,  what  the  consumer  pays — and  who  gets  the 
difference ! 

* 

Since  the  reciprocity  bill  became  a  law  Congress 
has  been  rushing  ahead  with  tariff  legislation.  Both 
the  Flouse  and  Senate  passed  a  wool  bill  which  makes 
a  heavy  cut  in  the  present  tariff.  They  also  passed 
“The  Farmer’s  Free  List”  bill,  so-called.  This  cuts 
or  removes  the  tariff  on  a  long  list  of  articles  which 
are  known  as  necessities.  Our  information  is  that 
President  Taft  will  veto  both  bills.  We  will  wait 
and  see  what  reasons  he  gives.  The  entire  tariff  sit¬ 
uation  is  now  so  mixed  up  that  no  one  can  tell  the 
outcome.  The  farmers,  at  least,  have  been  deprived 
of  all  direct  benefit  the  tariff  ever  gave  them.  They 
should  now  insist  that  the  other  interests  come  down. 

* 

It  is  now  pretty  well  known  that  the  State  of  New 
York,  through  the  State  Fair  Commission,  will  take 
a  number  of  boys  to  the  State  Fair.  These  boys  will 
have  their  expenses  paid  and  will  be  expected  to  go 
home  and  tell  the  story  of  what  they  saw  so  that 
other  boys  will  be  interested.  The  idea  is  a  good  one, 
and  we  hope  it  will  work  out  right.  The  different 
counties  send  delegates,  and  the  selection  of  these 
boys  is  left  to  a  committee — usually  a  Grange  officer 
or  a  school  superintendent.  A  place  on  this  commit¬ 
tee  is  no  sinecure  if  a  man  really  wants  to  select  the 
most  creditable  boy.  The  following  letter  is  from 
the  chairman  of  one  of  those  county  committees.  We 
print  it  so  that  boys  may  see  how  their  letters  are 
regarded  by  business  men : 

It  is  plain  that  this  committee  cannot  ’have  personal 
knowledge  of  each  Individual  case,  but  must  be  guided 
largely  by  what  appears  from  the  written  application. 
Like  many  others,  I  took  it  as  a  matter  of  course  that  ap¬ 
plications  would  be  made  by  means  of  a  blank  form.  But 
after  careful  examination  of  those  already  received  I  have 
realized  the  wisdom  of  having  the  form  and  subject  matter 
entirely  original.  Of  the  15  applications  from  this  county, 
some  are  neatly  written,  in  good  language*,  and  follow  the 
specifications  very  closely,  only  one  suggesting  the  question 
how  long  ago  the  real  author  was  less  than  19  years  old. 
Others  show  disregard  of  instructions,  and  contain  more 
or  less  matter  good  in  itself,  hut  immaterial  to  the  case, 
and  a  few  are  so  untidy  and  illegible  that,  to  put  it  mildly, 
they  do  not  convoy  a  good  impression  of  the  writer. 
Again,  only  one  of  several  letters  of  inquiry  inclosed 
stamps  for  reply.  Tills  is  not  so  much  a  question  of 
who*  begrudges  two  cents  and  a  few  minutes’  time  to  help 
a  worthy  boy,  as  of  how  many  boys  were  thoughtful 
enough  to  observe  a  common  business  courtesy.  These 
seem  trifling  matters.  But  “straws  show  which  way 
the  wind  blows,”  and  I  believe  a  boy  can  have  no  better 
recommendation  before  a  committee  than  an  application 
which  shows  on  the  face  of  it  a  true  appreciation  of 
the  opportunity,  and  that  he  has  the  observation,  the 
grasp  of  fact  and  the  general  get-up-aud-dust  to  make  it 
of  vital  benefit  to  himself,  and  through  him  to  the  agri¬ 
culture  of  this  or  some  other  State. 


BRE'TTIES. 

Do  not  forget  that  Bed-top  is  the  grass  for  wet  land 
and  Alsike  the  clover  that  can  stand  wet  feet.  We  should 
mix  a  little  Alsike  with  the  Red  anyway. 

Ouu  common  ragweed  is  a  potash  plant.  Notice  how 
it  grows  after  potatoes  when  fertilizers  arc  used.  The  ash 
is  also  very  rich  in  potash.  I'lowed  under  before  it  seeds 
ragweed  is  a  good  green  manure. 

Here  it  is  again — that  venerable  old  story  about  using 
Alfalfa  as  human  food.  This  time  some  man  is  nearly 
ready  to  sell  Alfalfa  tea  and  breakfast  food.  We  think 
our  grandchildren  may  come  to  it,  hut  hardly  this  genera¬ 
tion. 

You  would  hardly  put  Persia  down  as  a  shining  light 
among  the  nations,  yet  she  gives  an  argument  for  parcels 
post.  In  1904  604  packets  were  mailed  to  Persia  through 
Russia.  In  1910  this  had  grown  to  179,272  packets  valued 
at  over  $6,000,000.  Give  us  Persia's  chance  in  America 
and  see  what  wiLl  become  of  it. 

The  last  New  York  Legislature  provided  for  an  inves¬ 
tigation  of  the  sewage  of  cities.  No  doubt  at  least 
$25,000,000  worth  of  plant  food  is  wasted  annually  in  the 
sewage  of  New  York  cities.  Much  of  it  is  nitrogen — the 
most  expensive  plant  food  we  buy.  IIow  can  it  be  saved 
for  use  on  the  farm?  It  is  a  big  and  important  question. 
A  number  of  cities  burn  their  garbage  and  sell  the  ashes. 
This  gives  some  food  back,  but  destroys  the  nitrogen. 


1911. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


823 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

Do  not  miss  the  significance  of  the 
Lewis  bluster  over  his  snap-judgment 
libel  suit.  He  has  been  accused  of 
swindling  country  people  through  the 
sale  of  bonds  and  notes  of  the  Lewis 
Publishing  Company,  and  of  the  Uni¬ 
versity  Heights  Realty  and  Develop¬ 
ment  Company,  and  through  the  sale  of 
debentures,  and  through  the  sale  of 
Lewis  Publishing  Company  stock  on 
the  assurance  that  an  accumulative  div¬ 
idend  of  18  per  cent,  would  be  paid,  the 
dividend  never  being  earned  and  never 
paid.  He  has  been  indicted  by  a  Fed¬ 
eral  Grand  Jury  on  these  charges.  He 
has  been  accused  of  selling  Fiber  Stop¬ 
per  Company  stock  under  representa¬ 
tions  that  made  the  transaction  a  pure 
swindle.  Lists  of  some  three  dozen 
concerns  promoted  by  him  have  been 
printed ;  and  practically  every  one  of 
them  classified  as  fakes  or  frauds.  We 
have  shown  that  in  the  promotion  of 
these  schemes  he  has  for  nearly  10 
years  collected  money  from  young  and 
old,  rich  and  poor,  but  mainly  from 
poor  frugal  country  women.  We  have 
told  how  dying  men,  after  years  of  dis¬ 
appointment,  appealed  to  Lewis  to  keep 
his  promises  to  them.  They  told  him 
they  needed  the  money  to  supply  com¬ 
forts  for  their  last  hours  on  earth,  and 
that  they  had  given  him  their  all — the 
savings  of  a  lifetime.  They  would  die 
easier  if  they  knew  that  the  wife  and 
children  could  have  returned  to  them 
the  savings  they  had  sent  him.  We 
have  told  how  men  mortgaged  their 
homes  and  their  farms  to  send  money 
to  Lewis  in  order  to  gain  the  marvel¬ 
ous  profits  he  promised  them.  We  have 
told  of  women  who  sent  their  all  to 
Lewis,  expecting  to  be  made  rich  over 
night.  When  sickness  came  to  them¬ 
selves  and  disease  crippled  their  chil¬ 
dren,  appeal  was  made  to  Lewis  that 
medical  treatment  might  be  given  the 
children  in  the  hope  of  averting  a  life 
affliction.  We  have  told  of  hoys  who 
sent  him  their  first  savings ;  of  widows 
who  sent  him  the  life  insurance  of 
their  deceased  husbands ;  of  working 
women  who  earned  the  money  over  the 
wash  tub,  and  of  girls  who  saved  it 
from  labor  in  the  kitchen.  Ministers 
of  the  Gospel  have  told  us  how  they 
were  induced  to  send  him  the  savings 
of  a  lifetime  from  their  meagre  salar¬ 
ies,  and  how  they  now  find  themselves 
penniless  in  old  age.  And  yet  we  have 
not  told  a  small  fraction  of  the  disap¬ 
pointed  hopes,  privation  and  suffering 
of  the  people  who  sent  him  their  money. 
Lewis  was  indifferent  to  it  all.  His 
only  answer  to  these  heart-rending 
appeals  was  a  new  scheme  with  bigger 
promises  than  before  for  those  who 
would  send  him  more  money.  In  the 
face  of  the  losses  and  suffering  he  has 
caused,  he  says  he  is  happy  and  care¬ 
free,  and  boldly  asks  more  money. 

If  all  of  these  revelations  and  accusa¬ 
tions  were  not  true,  here  was  material 
for  libel  suits  in  plenty.  Did  Lewis 
bring  a  suit  on  any  of  them?  Not  he. 
He  is  as  silent  as  an  Egyptian  Sphinx 
when  these  definite  charges  are  made. 
What  then  could  stir  his  righteous  in¬ 
dignation?  After  having  listened  indif¬ 
ferently  to  such  accusations,  you  won¬ 
der  what  terrible  charges  must  be  made 
against  him  that  would  at  last  induce 
him  to  seek  redress.  Surely,  you  say, 
it  must  be  some  action  which,  when 
finally  adjudicated,  will  clear  him  of 
the  charge  of  wholesale  fraud,  and  of 
the  particular  charge  of  robbing  chil¬ 
dren,  old  men  and  working  women. 
Now  listen.  This  is  the  ground  of 
his  complaint.  On  June  18,  1910,  we 
made  the  technical  error  of  saying  that 
fraud  orders  had  been  issued  against 
himself  and  two  of  his  companies, 
whereas  the  fraud  orders  had  been 
issued  against  himself  and  one  of  his 
companies.  His  complaint  is  made  as 
of  the  publishing  companyj  but  the 
Federal  Court  of  his  district  has  just 
decreed  on  the  undisputed  evidence  be¬ 
fore  it  that  this  corporation  was  organ¬ 
ized  in  the  State  of  South  Dakota  to 
circumvent  the  laws  of  the  State  of 
Missouri ;  that  in  truth  there  was  no 
valid  corporation;  that  the  -corporation 
was  a  mere  sham  and  pretense;  and 
that,  if  the  undisputed  bill  before  the 
court  be  true,  the  corporate  name  is 
nothing  in  the  world  but  a  cloak  to 
cover  the  purposes  of  E.  G.  Lewis.  In 
other  words,  according  to  the  decree  of 
the  Federal  Court,  the  names  given  his 
bank,  his  real  estate,  his  publishing 
schemes,  his  stopper  company,  and  his 
other  schemes,  though  taking  corporate 
form  and  having  some  pretense  of  legal 
existence  were  in  truth  and  in  fact 
mere  names  assumed  by  Lewis.  So  that 
Lewis  in  the  garb  of  a  banker,  under 


fraud  orders  is  the  same  Lewis  under 
the  cloak  of  a  publisher.  Yet  he  rushes 
into  court  with  this  flimsy  pretense  of 
virtue  as  a  publisher,  while  as  a  banker 
he  is  branded  by  the  United  States 
records  as  a  fraud.  According  to  this 
reasoning  a  man  may  have  a  record  of 
fraud  as  a  stockman,  but  personify 
virtuous  citizenship  as  a  horse  jockey. 
Even  if  our  error  in  saying  that  Lewis 
the  banker  and  publisher  had  been 
branded  by  the  Government  as  a  fraud, 
when  only  Lewis  the  banker  had  been 
so  branded,  justifies  a  punishment  of 
The  R.  N.-Y.,  in  what  way  does  that 
relieve  him  of  the  real  serious  and  defi¬ 
nite  charges  of  fraud  that  have  been 
made  against  him,  and  which  are  undis¬ 
puted  ?  Even  if  our  error  were  inten¬ 
tional,  it  would  only  convict  us  of  insin¬ 
cerity  ;  it  would  not  clear  him  of  the 
definite  charges  made  against  him  by 
those  who  trusted  him  and  sent  him 
their  savings. 

Flow  does  this  virtuous  publisher  but 
fraud-branded  banker  get  his  grievance 
into  court?  ‘Does  he  follow  the  plain 
requirements  of  the  law  and  bring  his 
suit  where  the  publisher  is  doing  busi¬ 
ness  and  has  an  office  or  agent?  Not 
he.  He  has  been  plucking  money  from 
distant  parts  for  10  years,  and  spending 
large  portions  of  it  in  his  own  county 
to  make  things  easy  there.  At  all  cost 
the  grievance  must  be  adjudged,  not  in 
a  place  free  from  influence,  but  in  this 
environment  where  the  lavish  use  of 
other  people’s  money  has  created  apolo¬ 
gists  for  his  frauds  against  the  country 
people  who  furnished  the  cash.  To 
effect  this,  he  creates  the  fiction  that  an 
advertising  agent  is  the  representative 
of  the  publisher.  As  is  well  known, 
the  advertising  agent  represents  the  ad¬ 
vertiser,  who  fixes  his  compensation 
and  pays  for  the  service  as  agreed  be¬ 
tween  them.  The  advertising  agent  is 
bound  by  his  contract  to  serve  the  ad¬ 
vertiser.  He  has  no  contract  to  repre¬ 
sent  the  publisher  or  to  serve  him.  His 
individual  orders  are  accepted  or  re¬ 
fused  by  the  publishers  when  offered. 
He  is  simply  a  buyer  of  space  for  the 
advertiser  he  represents.  He  cannot 
bind  the  publisher  to  accept  a  sin¬ 
gle  line  for  the  advertiser.  Nor 
can  the  publisher  command  him  to 
cross  the  street  or  write  a  letter 
or  even  open  his  own  door  to  a  pros¬ 
pective  customer  of  the  publisher.  The 
advertising  agent  must  be  free  from  all 
obligations  to  the  publisher  in  order 
that  he  may  place  the  advertising  of 
his  client  in  those  papers  in  which  he 
will  get  the  best  service  for  his  client. 
If  he  were  the  agent  of  the  publisher 
he  would  not  be  general  advertising 
agent,  but  a  special  representative  of 
the  paper,  and  could  not  command  the 
business  of  advertisers  for  rival  papers. 
The  advertising  agent  buys  space  at  a 
discount,  just  as  any  jobber  or  depart¬ 
ment  store  buys  for  less  than  their  re¬ 
tail  customer;  but  they  are  no  more  the 
agent  of  the  publisher  than  the  buyer 
for  the  department  store  is  the  agent 
of  the  manufacturer  who  sells  him  the 
goods  at  a  discount  on  the  consumer’s 
price.  On  the  theory,  however,  that 
this  buyer  for  the  advertiser  is  an  agent 
of  the  publisher,  Lewis  induces  the 
sheriff  of  his  county  to  serve  a  sum¬ 
mons  on  an  advertising  agent,  and  in¬ 
duces  the  sheriff  to  certify  the  service 
as  on  us.  We  believe  the  court  has 
been  deceived,  and  certainly  misin¬ 
formed  in  this  matter,  and  that  when 
the  facts  are  fully  understood  the  pre¬ 
vious  decision  will  be  reversed.  If  not, 
every  crook  in  the  country  will  rejoice. 
Under  such  a  rule  the  press  of  the 
country  would  be  silenced  as  to  crooks. 
Not  a  paper  would  dare  show  up  a 
single  swindle,  no  matter  how  flagrant. 
The  schemers,  by  a  series  of  suits  in 
distant  States,  could  so  haggle  and 
annoy  publishers  and  put  such  burdens 
of  expense  on  them  that  the  exposure, 
of  crooks  would  soon  become  a  hazard 
too  great  for  the  American  press.  But 
we  anticipate  no  such  result.  Crooks 
are  most  secure  in  dark  places.  Natur¬ 
ally  they  discourage  the  flashlights  of 
publicity  on  their  operations,  but  honest 
people  want  the  light,  and  they  will 
furnish  the  oil  for  the  lamps. 


DIARY  OF  FARM  WORK. 

A  Quiet  Pennsylvania  Day. 

Monday,  .Tul.y  17. — I  got  up  at  4.45 
and  found  Tony,  who  works  for  us  by  the 
month,  in  the  kitchen  putting  on  his  shoes. 
After  lighting  the  oil  stove,  filling  the  tea 
kettle  and  seeing  that  there  was  plenty  of 
water  in  the  double  boiler  under  the  rolled 
oats,  I  went  to  the  barn.  Tony  had  fed 
the  five  horses  and  three  cows  and  was 
cleaning  out  the  horse  stall.  I  cleaned  off 
the  team  I  drive,  and  while  I  milked.  Tony 
curried  his.  Breakfast  at  6.15.  The  horses 
were  all  ready  to  be  harnessed,  the  cows 
milked  and  the  milk  separated  and  the  pigs 


fed.  It  rained  Sunday  night  and  looked 
as  though  it  would  this  morning,  so  we 
decided  not  to  hitch  up  the  teams.  After 
feeding  the  calves  and  watering  the  horses 
and  colt,  Tony  cleaned  up  around  the  barn 
till  noon.  I  took  the  scythe  and  cut  weeds 
until  11  o’clock,  when  I  was  driven  in¬ 
doors  by  the  rain.  From  then  till  noon  I 
busied  myself  writing  letters  and  helping 
dry  some  half-drowned  chicks.  After  din¬ 
ner  Tony  plowed  about  three-quarter  of  an 
acre  for  Alfalfa.  Mrs.  N.  and  I  went 
down  the  -road  to  stake  out  a  20-acre  field 
to  be  plowed  for  wheat.  This  field  is  of 
very  Irregular  shape,  and  as  I  wish  to  plow 
it  from  the  inside  out,  it  took  us  until 
three  o’clock  to  get  the  stakes  set.  When 
we  were  coming  back,  Harry,  the  boy  who 
is  helping  us  through  harvest,  was  seen 
coming  across  the  fields.  He  couldn’t  get 
here  sooner* because  of  the  rain.  We  have 
a  cow  seriously  troubled  with  hoof  rot. 
Harry  and  I  tended  her  and  -then  put  the 
new  man-power  sprayer  together  and  got  it 
to  working.  I  then  hunted  up  a  barrel  to 
mix  some  Bordeaux  in,  but  found  it  so 
dry  that  it  was  ready  to  fall  apart.  After 
driving  the  hoops  on  tight  I  dropped  it 
into  the  creek  to  soak.  The  supper  bell 
rang  at  six.  After  supper  Tony  watered 
and  bedded  the  horses.  I  milked  and 
tended  to  the  milk  as  in  the  morning,  then 
hitched  up  a  horse  for  Mrs.  N.  and  my 
sister.  While  they  were  gone  I  measured 
the  Alfalfa  patch  that  is  to  be,  and  sat  in 
the  kitchen  talking  to  Harry  until  we 
heard  the  horse  outside  the  door.  After 
Mrs.  N.  had  mixed  the  bread  to  be  baked 
to-morrow  the  household  settled  down  for 
the  night-  K.  O.  N. 

McKean,  Pa. 

Money  On  A  Mulched  Fruit  Farm. 

The  force  consisted  of  the  regular  man, 
the  writer,  and  his  four  sons,  aged  18,  17, 
12  and  9  years.  The  man  ran  the  binder 
cutting  oats  until  11  o’clock;  remainder  of 
day  he  mowed  in  the  orchard  with  mowing 
machine,  putting  the  second  time  the  Al¬ 
falfa  in  the  orchard  where  this  is  sown. 
This  orchard  is  eight  years  old,  planted 
after  Alfalfa  was  sown,  and  all  of  the 
Alfalfa  has  gone  back  on  the  ground.  The 
trees  are  bearing  well.  I  set  up  oats  until 
It  o’clock,  cut  blight  out  of  apple  trees 
where  cultivated  for  the  Station  until  12, 
remainder  of  day  swung  the  scythe  in 
orchard  planted  where  woods  were  cut 
down.  The  three  oldest  boys  mowed  with 
their  scythes  all  day  in  the  orchard  where 
the  woods  were  cut  down,  cutting  over 
about  six  acres.  The  youngest  boy  hoed 
out  the  garden  in  the  forenoon  and  went 
after  blackberries  in  the  afternoon.  We 
are  hurrying  to  finish  mowing  as  early 
apples  are  ripening  fast.  Our  first  sale  of 
apples  this  year  was  on  July  12;  last  year 
July  26.  GRANT  G.  HITCHINGS. 

Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y. 

A  Day  On  Clover  Leaf  Fruit  Farm. 

While  breakfast  was  cooking  and  the 
teamsters  were  caring  for  their  teams,  the 
writer  inspected  the  Alfalfa,  which  was  cut 
the  previous  day,  to  see  how  soon  it  would 
be  ready  to  handle.  After  breakfast  Harry 
cultivated  Soy  beans  with  the  sulky  culti¬ 
vator,  in  the  young  apple  orchard  of  10 
acres  which  is  just  nicely  coming  into  bear¬ 
ing.  The  beans  were  sown  about  June  1, 
using  a  grain  drill  with  every  third  hoe 
open,  putting  on  about  three  pecks  or  more 
per  acre,  and  are  now  about  28  inches  high. 
This  is  the  third  and  last  cultivation.  In 
an  acre  of  them  we  sowed  25  pounds  of 
vetch  seed  as  an  experiment,  without  very 
much  faith  in  the  outcome.  Should  the 
plan  succeed  it  will  be  a  great  advantage, 
however.  Much  will  depend  upon  the 
weather.  Cliff  finished  picking  the  Yellow 
Transparents  for  the  first  picking,  taking 
off  about  one-third  of  the  ripest  and  fin¬ 
ished  the  day  cutting  off  worms’  nests. 
After  hauling  a  load  of  baskets  Jensen  har¬ 
rowed  in  the  peach  orchard,  while  Itoy  used 
the  Cutaway  harrow  in  the  cherry  orchard, 
where  we  finished  picking  last  week,  having 
harvested  1,740  bushels  from  about  eight 
acres.  The  foreman  sowed  turnip  seed 
after  tho  Cutaway  and  Jensen  followed  with 
smoothing  harrow  to  cover  it.  We  usually 
use  the  Cow-horn  turnip,  but  this  year  are 
sowing  the  Purple-top  White  Globe.  think¬ 
ing  possibly  there  may  be  a  demand  for 
them  at  harvest  time.  Six  of  the  men 
thinned  apples.  Others  may  discuss  the 
question  as  to  the  profits  of  thinning  apples, 
but  I  do  not  care  to  use  good  apple  trees 
to  grow  broken  limbs  and  hlckorynuts.  The 
peaches  and  plums  were  thinned  early  in 
the  season,  and  we  shall  soon  be  done  with 
the  apples  and  the  pears.  To  obtain  the 
size,  color  and  flavor  requisite  for  our 
fancy  trade,  we  must  thin. 

Four  of  the  young  men  who  are  thin¬ 
ning  fruit  are  students  from  the  agricul¬ 
tural  colleges  of  various  States,  and  we  are 
well  pleased  with  their  help,  as  they  are  all 
keen,  clean,  pleasant,  industrious  fellows, 
with  whom  it  is  a  pleasure  to  associate. 
Elmer  is  using  the  one-horse  cultivator  with 
the  sweep  shovels  in  the  strawberry  field 
of  ten  acres  planted  in  the  young  apple 
orchard.  We  usually  cultivate  with  the 
sulky  earlier  in  the  season,  but  after  the 
runners  begin  to  form  plants  freely,  we 
think  less  damage  is  done  by  the  one-liorse 
Planet,  Jr.  Slaughter  is  cutting  stray 
weeds  out  of  the  potato  field.  Frank  pre¬ 
sides  in  the  packing  shed,  caring  for  the 
Victoria  and  Wilder  currants  which  are  be¬ 
ing  brought  in  by  35  pickers,  while  Will 
sees  that  they  are  doing  thorough  work, 
and  thins  fruit  on  an  adjoining  row  of 
Kleffers  ‘•while  he  is  resting.”  After  start¬ 
ing  all  at  work  in  the  morning,  the  writer 
drove  to  the  post  office  for  tho  morning’s 
mail,  and  to  the  machine  shop  for  the  lawn 
mower,  and  then  inspected  the  various  op¬ 
erations  of  disking,  thinning,  seed  sowing, 
cultivating,  etc.,  etc.,  which  were  in  prog¬ 
ress.  Later  he  ent  sprouts  which  were 
checking  the  growth  of  some  young  grafts, 
and  thinned  apples  a  little  while  'with  the 
boys. 

In  the  afternoon  Roy  raked  Alfalfa  and 
the  foreman  and  part  of  the  thinning  gang 
cocked  it  up  to  finish  curing.  A  shower  at 
about  4.30  drove  all  to  cover,  and  part  of 
the  men  nailed  up  berry  crates,  part  nailed 
the  handles  on  baskets  to  be  ready  for  the 
peach  and  plum  harvest,  some  packed  ap¬ 
ples,  some  ground  the  mowing  machine 
knives,  while  the  teamsters  cleaned  up 
around  the  barn,  and  cleaned  the  water 
tank,  and  started  the  engine  to  filling  it 
again,  while  they  oiled  up  the  wagons,  etc. 
Will  looted  after  the  billing  and  shipping 
of  the  day’s  picking  of  fruit.  After  sup¬ 
per  a  neighbor  came  after  some  crates  and 


baskets  for  blackberries,  and  I  loaded  him 
up  and  quit  work  for  the  day. 

The  last  thing  at  night  I  always  make 
out  and  write  down  the  plans  for  next 
day’s  work  for  every  man  and  horse  on  the 
place.  If  weather  is  at  all  unsettled,  I 
make  out  three  sets  of  plans,  one  for  fair 
dry  weather,  one  for  rainy  weather,  and 
one  for  a  day  when  the  ground  is  wet  and 
still  not  raining.  I  consider  it  an  advan¬ 
tage  to  have  everything  planned  before¬ 
hand,  and  also  like  to  tell  the  men  before¬ 
hand,  as  much  as  possible.  A  splendid 
fruit  crop  this  year  again. 

Ohio. _  W.  W.  FABNSWOETH. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — Four  persons  were  killed  and 
6ne  was  seriously  injured  July  27  when  a 
fast  express  train  on  tho  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  struck  an  automobile  at  a  grade 
crossing  at  Wilkinsburg,  a  suburb  of  Pitts¬ 
burg,  Pa. 

Damage  estimated  to  exceed  $50,000  was 
done  by  fire  July  29  to  the  barn  on  the 
estate  of  Percy  R.  Pyne,  Bernardsville,  N. 
J.  Spontaneous  combustion  from  a  quan¬ 
tity  of  hay  recently  stored  in  the  building 
is  deemed  to  be  the  source  of  the  fire  The 
structure  itself,  200  by  250  feet  in  area,  and 
constructed  of  stone  and  wood,  was  burned- 
down. 

Philip  S.  Dye iv  secretary  and  treasurer 
of  the  American  Horseshoe  Company,  who 
was  indicted  as  a  member  of  the  ‘'pool” 
known  as  the  Horseshoe  Manufacturers’ 
Association,  July  27,  appeared  before  Judge 
Archbald,  in  the  Criminal  Branch  of  the 
United  States  Circuit  Court  at  New  York, 
and  withdrawing  his  original  plea  of  not 
guilty,  entered  a  plea  of  nolo  contendere. 
He  was  fined  $1,000.  William  Rand,  ap¬ 
pearing  as  attorney  for  Dana  R.  Pullen 
and  Wallace  S.  Clark,  withdrew  their  pleas 
of  not  guilty  and  entered  pleas  of  nolo 
contendere.  Judge  Archbald  refused  to  re- 
duce  the  amount  of  the  lines  as  imposed  in 
about  thirty-eight  prison  cases,  saying : 
“If  there  are  any  distinctions  to  be  made 
such  action  will  not  be  in  the  direction  of 
leniency.”  Similar  fines  were  imposed  in 
the  cases  of  Henry  A.  and  Henry  D.  Reed, 
of  the  Bishop  Gutta  Percha  Company,  and 
Richard  W.  Comstock,  vice-president  of  the 
Rhode  Island- Per  kins  Horseshoe  Company. 

The  establishment  of  a  State  industrial 
farm  colony  for  the  detention,  humane  dis¬ 
cipline,  instruction  and  reformation  of  male 
adults  committed  as  tramps  from  any  part 
of  the  State  is  provided  for  in  the  Chanler 
bill  which  was  signed  by  Governor  Dix  of 
New  York  July  29.  The  Governor  is  to 
appoint  a  board  of  17  managers,  and  the 
managers  are  to  name  a  superintendent  and 
to  select,  if  possible,  a  site  from  abandoned 
farm  lands  owned  by  the  State.  The  law 
provides  that  reputable  workmen  tempo¬ 
rarily  out  of  work  shall  not  be  deemed 
tramps  or  vagrants  or  be  committed  to  the 
tramp  colony.  The  bill  appropriates  $10- 
000  to  start  the  work,  and  was  drafted  by 
Robert  W.  Hebbard,  secretary  of  the*  State 
Board  of  Charities,  who  became  familiar 
with  this  phase  of  philanthropic  work  dur- 
!ag  his  four  years’  service  as  Commissioner 
of  Chanties  of  New  York  City. 

THE  HARVESTER  TRUST. — Burdette  C. 
Townsend’s  report  on  the  International 
Harvester  Company  and  its  alleged  relation 
to  the  l  nitc<l  Status  Steel  Corporation  was 
made  public  July  26.  It  was  read  into  the 
records  of  the  Congressional  committee  in¬ 
vestigating  the  Steel  trade.  Chairman  Stan¬ 
ley  and  Charles  J.  Bonaparte,  formerly  At¬ 
torney  General,  would  be  asked  to  explain 
why  no  action  was  taken  on  Townsend’s 
charges.  Mr.  Townsend’s  report  goes  into 
the  history  of  the  harvester  companies  in¬ 
volved  and  the  organization  of  the  Inter¬ 
national  in  1902,  the  transaction  being  di¬ 
rected  and  guided  by  J.  1>.  Morgan  &  Co. 
I, he  steel  committee  will  call  attention  to 
the  forming  of  the  Steel  Trust  the  year 
before.  A  feature  of  the  Townsend  report 
which  the  steel  inquirers  lay  stress  on  is 
the  following  : 

“The  International  Harvester  Company 
sells  to  the  foreign  trade  at  a  cheaper  price 
than  the  domestic  trade.  It  sells  machines 
of  all  kinds  for  export,  delivered  at  New 
York,  at  the  same  price  for  which  they  are 
sold  to  domestic  purchasers  f.  o.  b  Chi¬ 
cago.  This  makes  a  difference  of  from  $6 
to  $10  for  each  machine. 

“I  was  surprised  to  learn  that  the  Steel 
"rust  refunds  to  harvester  companies  $3  a 
ton  for  all  steel  used  in  the  manufacture  of 
machinery  exported,  thus  giving  the  same 
result  as  if  the  steel  had  been  imported,  the 
import  duty  paid  and  afterward  refunded 
under  the  drawback  law,  indicating  that 
steel  can  profitably  be  produced  in  this 
country  and  sold  at  the  foreign  price.  This 
justifies  a  small  difference  between  the  do¬ 
mestic  and  foreign  prices,  but  it  would 
amount  to  only  a  few  cents  for  each  ma¬ 
chine,  and  in  now  way  explains  the  differ¬ 
ence  indicated  above.” 

Townsend  particularly  referred  to  the 
Price  paid  by  J.  P.  Morgan  &  Co.  in  the 
Harvester  deal,  saying  “$5,000,000  is  a  very 
high  price  for  the  simple  service  of  sug¬ 
gesting  to  people  how  they  can  agree  in 
a  legitimate  transaction.  It  is  not  unusual 
in  illegal  transactions,  such  as  creating  a 
trust  which  can  evade  the  laws.  Doubtless 
if  proceedings  were  instituted  against  the 
International  Harvester  Company  the  man¬ 
ner  of  its  defence  would  demonstrate  that 
the  fee  was  earned.”  In  explaining  the 
purchase  by  the  International  of  1  >.  M. 
Osborne  &  Co.  in  1903  for  $4,000,000.  the 
Aultman-Miller  .Company  for  $700,000  in 
the  same  year,  the  Minneapolis  Harvester 
Company  for  $700,000,  and  .the  Keystone 
Company  for  $460,000,  Townsend  reported  : 

“The  - manner  of  these  purchases  and  the 
use  made  of  the  property  show  the  purpose 
of  the  International  Harvester  Company. 
Each  of  the  purchases  was  made  secretly, 
in  the  name  of  some  of  the  directors  or 
stockholders,  who  held  the  stock  in  trust 
for  it.  The  Osborne  and  Keystone  com¬ 
panies  were  both  operated  for  some  time 
ostensibly  as  independent,  competing  plants  ; 
the  International  Harvester  Company  con¬ 
ceal'd  its  ownership.  Why?  Was  it:  not 
because  they  were  conscious  that  its  dis¬ 
closure  would  give  added  testimony  of  their 
trust  character  and  trust  methods? 

“Again  the  Aultman-Miller  Company  and 
the  Minneapolis  company  were  abandoned 
immediately  after  purchase  and  the  plants 
dismantled.  The  purchase  of  these  plants 
could  have  been  for  no  other  purpose  than 
to  destroy  competition.  One  million  four 
hundred  thousand  dollars  was  expended  to 
acquire  plants  which  it  did  not  intend  to 
use  but  simply  to  destroy.” 


824 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


August  12, 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

The  Night  Before  the  Mowing. 

All  shimmering  in  the  morning  shine 
And  diamonded  with  dew, 

And  quivering  in  the  scented  wind 
That  thrills  its  green  heart  through — 

The  little  field,  the  smiling  field, 

With  all  its  flowers  a-blowing, 

How  happy  looks  the  golden  field 
The  night  before  the  mowing. 

All  still  ’neath  the  departing  light, 
Twilight,  though  void  of  stars, 

Save  where,  low  westering,  Venus  hides 
From  the  red  eye  of  Mars ; 

How  quiet  lies  the  silent  field 
With  all  its  beauties  glowing; 

Just  stirring,  like  a  child  asleep, 

The  night  before  the  mowing. 

Sharp  steel,  inevitable  hand, 

Cut  keen,  cut  kind  !  Our  field 
We  know  full  well  must  be  laid  low 
Before  its  wealth  it  yield ; 

Labor  and  mirth  and  plenty  blest 
Its  blameless  death  bestowing; 

And  yet  we  weep,  and  yet  we  weep 
The  night  before  the  mowing. 

— Dinah  Muloch  Craik. 

* 

Here  is  a  delicious  cake  which  calls 
for  creamy  sour  milk :  Cream  one  cup¬ 
ful  of  butter  with  two  cupfuls  of  sugar; 
add  four  egg  yolks  and  a  cupful  of  the 
sour  milk.  Sift  three  cupfuls  of  flour 
with  a  scant  teaspoonful  of  soda  several 
times ;  then  stir  the  other  ingredients 
into  it.  Add  raisins  and  citron  and 
fold  in  the  whites  of  four  eggs.  Bake 
in  layers. 

* 

We  were  asked  some  time  ago  to 
give  a  recipe  for  old-fashioned  sweet 
flag  candy,  but  were  then  unable  to 
comply  with  the  request.  We  have 
since  received  the  following  recipe 
given  by  the  New  York  Tribune  which 
we  are  told  is  an  old  one,  used  by  the 
Quakers : 

Scrape  the  sweet-flag  roots  like  car¬ 
rots  or  parsnips  to  remove  the  skin; 
cut  in  the  thinnest  slices  possible  and 
boil  in  water  for  an  hour  or  more.  Re¬ 
move  them  from  this  water  and  boil 
them  in  another.  Throw  off  this  water 
also,  and  repeat  the  process  a  third 
time.  Now  prepare  a  syrup  from  a 
cupful  of  water  and  a  pound  of  sugar. 
Put  in  the  cooked  slices  of  sweetflag 
and  .boil  them  down  until  the  syrup 
candies  around  them.  Stir  them,  and 
when  the  sugar  becomes  white  and  the 
syrup  seems  to  be  absorbed  take  up 
the  candied  slices  with  a  skimmer,  so 
as  to  drain  them,  and  cool  them  a  little. 
Put  them  in  a  large  pan  and  stir  them 
repeatedly  while  drying.  In  a  day  or 
two  the  confection  will  be  ready. 

* 

The  fashion  papers  now  describe 
those  one-piece  dresses  we  find  so  con- 
•venient  as  “slip-on”  dresses.  What  a 
comfort  they  are,  with  no  bothersome 
belt,  no  necessity  for  pins  to  make  sure 
the  waist  doesn’t  “hike  up,”  and  linings 
reduced  to  a  minimum !  The  middle- 
aged  woman  of  matronly  figure,  who 
felt  that  she  “didn’t  look  right  some¬ 
how”  in  the  separate  skirt  and  shirt¬ 
waist,  can  make  a  “slip-on”  dress  of  be¬ 
coming  model,  and  know  that  she  can 
change  her  dress  with  no  more  trouble 
than  an  old-fashioned  wrapper,  while 
the  young  girl  may  vary  the  style  with 
fancy  collar  or  trimmings,  and  have 
something  very  smart  at  small  cost. 
Nothing  is  cooler  or  more  serviceable 
for  general  wear  than  a  “slip-on”  dress 
of  natural  linen,  with  pipings,  collar 
and  cuffs  in  contrast.  A  black  and  white 
striped  material  is  very  stylish  for  such 
trimming;  so  is  plain  red,  blue,  green 
or  lavender.  White  linen  dresses,  made 
in  similar  style,  with  colored  collar  and 
cuffs,  are  very  pretty.  The  Summer 
sales  in  July  and  August  have  made 
linen  much  cheaper  than  in  the  Spring, 
and  we  have  seen  such  a  dress  made 
for  less  than  two  dollars. 


Dr.  Wiley,  the  pure-food  expert,  gives 
a  very  sharp  warning  against  adulter¬ 
ated  soda  water.  He  complains  that  the 
unscrupulous  dealers  use  saccharin,  caf¬ 
feine,  and  other  chemicals  in  their 
drinks. 

“Caffeine,”  says  he,  “should  be  driven 
from  the  market  by  law.  Its  effects,  es¬ 
pecially  on  young  people,  compare  with 
the  effects  of  cocaine  and  morphine.  I 
could  not  venture  an  opinion  on  the 
yearly  number  of  little  children  whose 
lives  are  ruined  by  the  use  of  caffeine 
and  other  ‘dopes’  hidden  in  the  soda- 
water  glasses.  At  the  rate  silly  parents 
are  allowing  children  to  ruin  their  ner¬ 
vous  system  and  stomachs  by  drinking 
the  dregs  of  dirty,  unsanitary,  filthy 
drug-store  soda  fountains,  I  am  inclined 
to  believe  that  the  next  generation  will 
find  that  we  have  developed  a  race  of 
nervous  wrecks.  Many  mothers  would 
lift  their  hands  to  heaven  in  holy  horror 
if  their  little  boys  or  girls  would  walk 
into  the  house  puffing  cigarettes,  but 
still  they  will  lead  them  to  soda  foun¬ 
tains  and  allow  them  to  fill  themselves 
with  all  sorts  of  stuff  that  has  just  as 

bad  effect  on  their  systems.” 

* 

Those  farm  diaries  we  have  been 
publishing  for  several  weeks  past  are 
most  interesting,  but  they  only  give 
one  side  of  farm  life.  There  is  an¬ 
other  side — one  which  stands  for  tire¬ 
less  industry,  sympathy  and  self-sacri¬ 
fice,  and  that  has  ever  been  the  woman’s 
side.  In  the  town  many  of  the  indus¬ 
tries  which  we  regard  as  women’s  work 
have  been  taken  out  of  the  home  and 
commercialized,  thus  compelling  the 
women  to  follow  them  and  swelling  the 
army  of  women  wage-earners.  In  the 
farm  home  more  of  these  industries  re¬ 
main  to  increase  the  regular  work.  The 
selfish  and  self-seeking  woman  of  the 
restless  modern  type  makes  many  of 
us  grieve  for  our  lost  ideals,  but  is  she 
nqt  necessary  in  the  great  scheme  of 
evolution?  Too  many  men  like  to  as¬ 
sert  that  their  superior  sex  “supports” 
the  women.  It  is  true  that  in  the  old 
crude  ages  of  the  past  man  went  forth 
to  slay  the  mighty  cave  bear  and  bison, 
or  to  slaughter  his  enemy  in  battle, 
while  the  woman  stayed  home — not, 
however,  to  enjoy  restful  idleness,  but 
to  hunt  for  fuel,  fruits  and  nuts,  to 
tan  skins,  to  weave,  to  till  her  rude 
garden,  and,  by  slow  degrees,  to  work 
to  a  civilization  where  the  man  could 
drop  his  weapons,  and  toil  at  the  indus¬ 
tries  she  had  made  her  own.  And  with 
it  all  was  her  woman’s  crown  of  ma¬ 
ternity,  with  its  demands  upon  her  phy¬ 
sical  strength,  her  mental  energies,  and 
her  courage  and  self-sacrifice.  There 
are  few  situations  in  life  where  the 
primitive  virtues  which  first  led  human¬ 
ity  upward  find  fuller  expression  than 
on  the  farm,  and  it  seems  only  fair  that 
we  should  show,  by  some  women’s 
diaries,  what  these  brave  helpmates  are 
doing  as  comrades  and  partners  in  the 
everyday  life  of  the  farm.  The  diary 
printed  this  week  comes  from  Ohio. 

The  Plague  cf  Flies. 

Will  you  tell  me  what  to  do?  My  house 
is  simply  swarming  with  flies. 

MRS.  g.  s. 

The  first  thing  to  do  is  to  discover 
the  breeding  places  of  the  plague,  if 
near  by,  and  correct  these  conditions. 
Neglected  stables  or  stable  yards,  where 
manure  is  permitted  to  collect,  are  the 
most  congenial  breeding  ground  of  the 
filth-loving  fly.  Stables  should  be 
cleaned  regularly,  and  manure  covered 
or  kept  in  screened  inclosures.  Screen¬ 
ing  of  the  stable  is  an  advantage,  and 
adds  greatly  to  the  animals’  comfort. 
See  that  there  are  no  garbage  heaps ; 
either  bury  or  burn  all  kitchen  wastes. 
Be  sure  there  is  no  open  cesspool  to 
which  flies  can  gain  access ;  this  is  a 
point  often  neglected.  If  the  house  is 
properly  screened  a  persistent  campaign 


should  get  rid  of  those  now  so  trouble¬ 
some.  Use  poison  paper  or  traps;  we 
think  the  sticky  paper  a  disgusting 
nuisance.  Darken  rooms  not  in  use,  put¬ 
ting  poison  or  trap  at  some  point  where 
a  light  will  fall  on  it.  In  a  recent  anti¬ 
fly  campaign  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  more 
than  10  barrels  of  flies  were  turned  in 
by  contestants.  The  winner,  who  re¬ 
ceived  a  prize  of  $100,  was  a  12-year- 
old  boy,  who  caught  the  flies  in  traps  of 
his  own  construction;  he  turned  in  95 
quarts  of  flies. 

The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  patterns  and  measurements 
desired. 

The  first  group  includes  7061,  yoke 
blouse,  34  to  40  bust,  with  sleeves  sewed 


to  the  armholes,  with  or  without  collar 
and  under  sleeves.  7010,  four-gored 
skirt,  22  to  30  waist,  with  side  gores  in 
two  sections,  with  or  without  trimming 
on  front  and  back  gores,  with  high  or 
natural  waistline.  7085,  girl’s  square 
yoke  night  gown,  2  to  12  years.  7078, 
raglan  coat,  34  to  44  bust,  with  collar 
that  can  be  worn  open  or  closed.  7069, 
child's  yoke  dress,  1,  2  and  4  years,  with 
square  or  high  neck,  short  or  long 
sleeves.  6936,  three  or  two-piece  skirt 
with  simulated  tunic,  22  to  32  waist,  per¬ 
forated  for  deep  band  or  for  two  ma¬ 
terials,  with  high  or  natural  waist  line. 
Price  of  each  10  cents. 

The  second  group  shows  7077,  one- 
piece  blouse  with  pointed  collar,  cuffs 
and  belt,  34  to  42  bust,  with  gussets 
under  the  arms,  with  or' without  lining. 


7092,  peasant  blouse  for  misses  and 
small  women,  14,  16  and  18  years,  with 
or  without  stock  collar  and  under 
sleeves.  7087,  long  coat,  34  to  44  bust, 
with  square  or  round  collar,  with  or 
without  pockets,  perforated  for  three- 
quarter  length.  7076,  three-piece  skirt, 
22  to  32  waist,  with  high  or  natural 
waistline,  with  or  without  trimming 
band.  7093,  six-gored  skirt  for  misses 
and  small  women,  14,  16  and  18  years, 
with  front  gore  made  with  scalloped  or 
plain  edge,  with  high  or  natural  waist¬ 
line.  Price  of  each  pattern  10  cents. 


Wh-en  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

Macbeth  “  Pearl 
Glass”  lamp-chim¬ 
neys  bring  the  right 
balance  of  draft  to 
the  flame,  and  let 
the  light  shine  with¬ 
out  hindrance. 

Common  chim¬ 
neys  give  a  dull 
light.  They  hinder 
the  light  because  the  proportions 
are  wrong  and  the  glass  is  misty. 

Get  my  Index  and  you  will  know  just  what 
lamp-chimney  to  get.  I  make  one  for  every 
style  and  size  of  burner.  Address, 

Macbeth 

Macbeth-Evans  Glass  Co.  Pittsburgh 

Chicago:  Philadelphia: 

178  East  Lake  Street  42  South  Eighth  Street 

New  York:  19  West  30th  Street 


Reg.  U.  S.  Pat.  Off. 


on 


put  off  buying  that 
Victor!  You  owe 
it  to  yourself  and 
family.  Don’t  de¬ 
prive  them  any 
longer  of  this  great 


P1 


easure. 


Go  today  to  the  nearest  Victor 
dealer’s.  If  you  don’t  know  who 
he  is  write  us  and  we’ll  tell  you. 

Write  us  anyway  for  complete  catalogs  of 
the  Victor  ($10  to  $100)  and  Victor-Victrola 
($75  to  $250).  Easy  terms  can  be  arranged 
with  your  dealer  if  desired. 

Victor  Talking  Machine  Co. 
20th  and  Cooper  Sts.,  Camden,  N.  J- 

Bernner  Gramophone  Co.,  Montreal,  Canadian  Distributor* 

To  get  best  results,  use  only 
Victor  Needles  on  Victor  Records 


WESHIPonAPPROVAL 

•without  a  cent  deposit,  prepay  the  freight 
and  allow  10  DAYS  FREE  TRIAL. 

IT  ONLY  COSTS  one  cent  to  learn  our 
unheard  of  prices  and  marvelous  offers 
on  highest  grade  1912  model  bicycles. 

FACTORY  PRICES  &&S5 

a  pair  of  tires  from  anyone  at  any  price 
until  you  write  for  our  large  Art  Catalog 
and  learn  our  wonderful, proposition  oo  first 
sample  bicycle  going  to  your  town. 

RIDER  AGENTS  SSrSTSS 

money  exhibiting  and  selling  our  bicycles. 
We  Sell  cheaper  than  any  other  factory* 

TIRES,  Coaster-Brake  rearwheele, 

repairs  and  all  sundries  at  half  usual  prices. 
Do  Not  Wait;  write  today  for  our  special  offer. 

MEAD  CYCLE  CO.,  Dept  B80.  CHICAGO 


CA  DUO  Circular  free.  Dept.  151,  Lelands’ 
iHnWIO  i<-arm  Agency,  31  Milk  St.,  Boston 


CflD  OAI  C— If  you  want  the  best  farms  for  the 
lull  OnLL  money,  send  for  our  large  free  catalog. 
HALL’S  FARM  AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.,  N.Y. 


irn  Form?  FOR  SATjE  CHEAP,  ill  fertile 
IJU  I  Cl  I  111  o  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horace  G.  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa. 

50,000  MEN  WANTED 

In  Western  Canada 

200  Million  Bushels  Wheat 
to  be  harvested 

Harvest  Help  in  Great  Demand 

Reports  from  the  Provinces  of  Manitoba, 
Saskatchewan  and  Alberta  (Western  Can¬ 
ada)  indicate  one  of  the  best  crops  ever 
raised  on  the  continent.  To  harvest  this 
crop  will  require  at  least  50,000  harvesters. 

Low  Rates  will  be  given 
On  All  Canadian  Roads 

Excursions  are  run  daily  and  full  particulars  will 
be  given  on  application  to  the  following  authorized 
Canadian  Government  Agent.  The  rates  are  made  to 
apply  to  all  who  wish  to  take  advantage  of  them  for 
the  purpose  of  inspecting  the  grain  fields  of  Western 
Canada,  and  the  wonderful  opportunities  there 
offered  for  those  who  wish  to  invest,  and  also  those 
who  wish  to  take  up  actual  farm  life.  Apply  at 
once  to 

Canadian  Government  Agent 

J.  S.  CRAWFORD 

30  SYRACUSE  SAVINGS  BANK  BUILDING.  SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


«26 


Celebrating  a  Wedding  Anniversary. 

Could  you  tell  me  what  celebration  there 
is  for  an  eighth  marriage  anniversary?  Is 
there  any  principle  of  gifts  given,  and  how 
would  it  be  best  to  celebrate  the  fete  on  a 
small  farm  in  the  month  of  September? 
Which  would  be  the  most  becoming  to  such 
a  celebration,  a  lawn  party  or  a  harvest 
festival  as  a  closing  fete  for  the  season  or 
a  very  mannerly  and  up-to-date  dinner? 

w.  B. 

We  do  not  know  of  any  special  sig¬ 
nificance  attaching  to  the  eighth  wed¬ 
ding  anniversary.  The  anniversaries 
are  ordinarily  counted  as  follows: 
First,  cotton;  second,  paper;  third, 
leather;  fifth,  wooden;  seventh,  woolen; 
tenth,  tin ;  twelfth,  silk  and  linen ;  fif¬ 
teenth,  crystal ;  twentieth,  china ; 
twenty-fifth,  silver;  thirtieth,  pearl; 
fortieth,  ruby ;  fiftieth,  golden ;  seventy- 
fifth,  diamond.  But  some  of  these  in¬ 
termediate  dates  are  not  very  firmly 
fixed  by  custom,  as  ordinarily  the  great¬ 
est  attention  is  paid  to  the  anniversaries 
at  intervals  of  five  years.  While  there 
is  no  special  class  of  gifts  for  an  eighth 
anniversary,  linen  would  be  entirely  ap¬ 
propriate,  or  indeed  any  form  of  house¬ 
hold  gear. 

As  for  the  entertainment,  we  would 
by  all  means  make  it  a  lawn  party  or 
harvest  festival,  rather  than  a  formal 
dinner.  September  is  a  delightful  time 
for  outdoor  entertainments,  and  every¬ 
one  enjoys  them.  If  you  have  a  porch 
or  piazza  large  enough  to  set  tables 
on  it  would  save  many  steps  in  carry¬ 
ing  in  and  out;  if  not,  you  may  have  a 
suitable  lawn  space.  Paper  lanterns  and 
decorated  crape  paper  banners  or  hang¬ 
ings  are  not  expensive,  and  look  very 
gay ;  then  you  can  get  paper  table  sets, 
consisting  of  cloth  and  12  napkins, 
printed  with  some  suitable  decoration, 
corn,  grapes  or  goldenrod,  and  have  the 
rooms  and  porch  decorated  with  large 
bunches  of  wild  flowers  and  Autumn 
leaves,  which,  in  default  of  large  jar¬ 
dinieres,  may  be  put  in  earthen  crocks 
covered  with  green  crape  paper.  Have 
the  table  or  tables  decorated  with  fancy 
baskets  containing  fruit  as  a  center- 
piece,  with  perhaps  some  Autumn 
leaves.  At  one  such  Autumn  festival 
a  large  bronze  oak  leaf,  pressed  for  a 
few  days  so  it  would  not  curl,  was  put 
at  each  plate  for  a  place  card,  the 
guest’s  name  being  written  on  the  leaf 
in  gilt.  While  the  menu  would  depend 
on  personal  taste,  it  could  be  most 
conveniently  served  cold,  except  the 
coffee,  as  hot  dishes  would  soon  lose 
their  warmth  when  served  out  of  doors, 
though  creamed  chicken  or  oysters  will 
keep  warm  longer  if  served  in  the  little 
paper  cases  caterers  use  than  if  put 
right  out  on  the  plate.  But  salads  and 
cold  chicken,  ham  and  tongue,  with  an 
ample  supply  of  rolls  and  sandwiches, 
can  be  served  very  attractively,  either 
with  or  without  a  first  course  of 
bouillon  in  cups,  and  with  a  variety  of 
cake  and  ice  cream  would  make  a  very 
dainty  and  festive  collation. 

A  Woman’s  Diary. 

Wednesday,  June  21. — Such  a  delight¬ 
ful  morning  to  work.  My  house  is  in 
order  and  my  bread  ready  for  the  oven, 
and  the  hands  on  the  clock  say  8.30. 
One  thumb  tied  up  for  a  five-year-old 
as  a  result  of  his  trying  to  make  a 
“butcher  knife”  from  a  pine  stick  with 
his  first  jackknife.  One  splinter  ex¬ 
tracted  from  the  arm  of  another,  I  turn 
my  thoughts  to  the  noon-day  meal.  Our 
vegetable  garden  so  far  is  almost  a  fail¬ 
ure  owing  to  the  late  Spring  and  extra 
work.  Canned  the  last  of  my  Early 
Richmond  cherries  to-day.  Dinner  over, 

I  repaired  to  the  spring-house  to  clean 
my  separator  and  other  scrubbing  and 
cleaning  which  goes  to  make  up  my 
daily  work.  I  then  gave  my  range  a 
much-needed  coat  of  blacking.  After 
supper  there  was  another  splinter  to  be 
extracted  from  the  foot  of  the  five- 
vear-old,  a  bruised  forehead  to  be 


Grocer  s 
Answer 

“No,  Madam,  we  don’t  sell  soda 
crackers  by  the  pound  any  more.  \5 
“No  matter  what  precautions  are 
taken,  bulk  soda  crackers  absorb  dust 
and  moisture 


In  a  few  days  the  crackers 
become  musty  and  soggy,  and  taste  like  most 
anything  except  a  good  cracker. 

“If  you  want  a  light,  dainty  soda  cracker- 
cracker  that  tastes  as  if  it  just  came  from 
the  oven,  then  take  home  a  box  of  Uneeda 
Biscuit. 

“These  soda  crackers  are  crisp  and 
full  flavored  throughout. 

“When  you  get  them  home,  -OmlfMMi 

open  the  package  and  you’ll  gj§j{| 

see  how  fresh,  firm  and 

flaky  the  moisture- 

proof  package  keeps  jj 

them.” 


Never  sold 
in  bulk 


■^nft^moismr^praof 
fg§|4  package  s  / 


NATIONAL  BISCUIT  COMPANY 


i’ll 


looked  after,  and  a  mutilated  knee  to 
be  doctored ;  all  due  to  the  recent  erec¬ 
tion  of  a  new  stable.  Then  came  the 
feeding  of  my  “baby  Wyandottes”  and 
a  quiet  evening. 

Thursday,  June  22. — Churned  this 
morning.  Made  a  few  lemon  pies.  Did 
some  scrubbing  and  extra  cleaning, 
which  with  the  daily  routine  of  house¬ 
work  such  as  the  making  of  beds, 
sweeping,  dusting,  cooking  and  dish¬ 
washing  constituted  my  day’s  work.  Re¬ 
ceived  The  R.  N.-Y.  to-day,  which  with 
the  daily  papers  I  shall  devour  when  the 
evening  comes.  Thermometer  registered 
96  degrees. 

Friday,  June  23. — Wash  day.  While 
the  clothes  are  fluttering  on  the  line  I 
sit  by  the  open  window  working  with 
the  last  of  my  strawberries.  No  acci¬ 
dents. 

Saturday,  June  24. — I  wonder  how 
many  farmers’  wives  are  fond  of  ironing 
with  the  thermometer  most  anywhere 
from  96°  to  100°  in  the  shade?  And  I 
wonder,  too,  if  there  are  others  who  get 
inspiration  from  such  memory  gems  as 
the  following : 

Life  is  a  duty — dare  it ; 

Life  is  a  burden — bear  it; 

Life  is  a  thorn-crown — wear  it, 

Though  it  break  thy  heart  in  two. 

Sunday,  June  25. — Deliciously  idle  to¬ 
day. 

Monday,  June  26. — The  daily  house¬ 
work  kept  me  busy  to-day. 

Tuesday,  June  27. — I  baked  bread  to¬ 
day  and  did  some  needed  patching. 

Wednesday,  June  28. — When  the  little 
ones  were  fast  asleep  last  night,  and  the 
twilight  had  merged  into  deeper  dark¬ 
ness,  Flope,  Love,  Fear  and  Doubt  over¬ 
shadowed  our  quiet  little  cottage  home 
(Highland  Cottage,  I  have  christened 
it),  each  struggling  for  the  mastery. 
But  with  the  morning  hours  Hope  had 
triumphed  over  all,  and  Peace  reigned 
as  before,  and  I  realized  to  the  full  the 
beauty  of  promise : — “Peace  I  leave 
with  you ;  My  peace  I  give  unto  yon,” 
as  into  my  arms  was  placed  another 
little  daughter — another  little  life  to 
train  into  useful,  noble  womanhood,  and 
my  earnest  prayer  to  Him  who  gave  is, 
May  I  be  worthy  of  the  trust. 

MRS.  m.  d.  o. 


Raw  Eggs  ;  Pink  Grapes. 

1.  Please  publish  some  recipes  for  drinks 
that  contain  raw  eggs.  The  doctor  has 
recommended  raw  eggs,  but  I  find  it  impos¬ 
sible  to  take  them  the  usual  way  in  milk. 
2.  Also  publish  some  recipes  for  the  use  of 
pink  grapes.  We  have  quantities  of  pink 
grapes  in  season.  I  find  them  unfit  for 
making  grape  juice  and  they  are  not  as 
good  as  Concord  for  preserving.  What  is 
the  best  way  to  preserve  pink  grapes? 

SARATOGA  COUNTY. 

1.  A  member  of  our  family  beats  the 
juice  of  half  a  lemon  (or  a  little  less,  if 
this  seems  too  sour,)  and  a  teaspoonful 
of  sugar  with  the  egg,  puts  a  little 
cracked  ice  in  it,  and  finds  it  very  pleas¬ 
ant  to  take.  The  egg  may  also  be  beaten 
into  lemonade,  being  given  a  very  thor¬ 
ough  beating  so  that  it  is  quite  frothy. 
Many  people  cannot  take  the  egg  in 
milk,  as  it  is  too  heavy  and  cloying,  and 
the  egg  lemonade  will  be  found  desir¬ 
able.  Orange  may  be  used  instead  of 
lemon,  for  a  change,  the  juice  or 
scraped  pulp  of  the  orange  being  beaten 
with  the  egg.  We  think  you  will  have 
no  difficulty  in  taking  the  egg  in  either 
orange  or  lemon  juice.  You  may  also 
like  an  egg  beaten  up  in  iced  coffee  or 
cocoa,  which  is  a  favorite  soda-foun¬ 
tain  drink,  though  cocoa  is  rather  cloy¬ 
ing.  The  addition  of  a  little  coffee,  if 
you  like  the  flavor,  well  beaten,  with 
the  egg,  is  very  pleasant,  either  hot  or 
cold. 

2.  You  do  not  say  what  your  grapes 
are;  if  Catawba,  one  of  the  favorite 
pink  grapes,  they  are  rich  in  flavor,  and 
should  make  good  grape  juice,  for  they 
make  a  very  rich,  sweet  wine.  If  your 
grapes  are  mawkish  in  flavor,  why  not 
use  them  before  fully  ripe?  They  would 


make  good  jelly  or  marmalade.  Follow- 
iing  are  some  good  grape  recipes : 

Grape  Marmalade. — Choose  ripe  grapes 
of  any  familiar  kind,  and  place  them  in 
the  preserving  kettle  with  just  enough 
water  to  prevent  their  burning.  Cook 
slowly  at  the  side  of  the  stove  until 
they  are  well  broken  and  mashed.  Then 
press  through  a  sieve  and  measure  the 
pulp.  For  each  pint  allow  half  a  pound 
of  sugar.  Place  the  grape  pulp  over 
the  fire,  boil  for  20  minutes,  add  the 
sugar  and  boil  from  10  to  20  minutes 
longer,  or  until  a  drop  of  the  mixture 
when  put  on  a  plate  will  retain  its  shape 
without  spreading.  Stir  constantly  while 
cooking.  Skim  carefully  from  time  to 
time  and  when  done  pack  in  small  jars. 

Grape  and  A  pple  Marmalade. — Heat 
four  pounds  of  stemmed  and  pulped 
grapes  until  the  seeds  are  free  of  pulp. 
Have  four  pounds  of  sweet  apples 
pared,  cored,  sliced  and  steamed  until 
tender.  Sift  the  grape  pulp,  add  the 
apples,  turn  into  a  kettle  set  on  asbes¬ 
tos  mat  or  back  of  range  and  simmer 
slowly  for  two  hours;  measure,  add 
sugar  in  the  proportion  of  three-quar¬ 
ters  of  a  pound  to  a  pint  of  pulp,  and 
cook  until  a  little,  chilled  on  ice,  shows 
that  it  is  stiff  enough  to  retain  its  shape. 
Turn  into  jelly  glasses  and  seal. 

Grape  Preserves. — Press  the  pulp  out 
of  each  grape;  boil  the  pulps  until  ten¬ 
der,  then  press  through  colander  to  re¬ 
move  the  seeds;  mix  the  skins  with  the 
pulp  and  juice;  add  as  many  cupfuls  of 
sugar  as  there  are  of  grapes,  and  boil 
together  until  thickened.  Green  grapes 
are  preserved  by  cutting  each  grape  in 
halves,  taking  out  the  seeds,  then  adding 
an  equal  quantity  of  sugar  and  boiling- 
all  together  until  the  right  consistency; 
seal  while  hot. 

Spiced  Grapes. — Press  the  skins  from 
the  grapes  and  put  the  pulp  through 
the  colander;  add  the  skins  and  weigh 
To  every  pound  of  grapes  add  one  cup¬ 
ful  of  vinegar,  two  ounces  of  powdered 
cinnamon,  one  ounce  of  powdered  cloves 
and  three  and  a  half  pounds  of  sugar; 
boil  an  hour  and  a  half  until  thick, 
then  bottle.  Small  Damson  plums  are 
very  nice  prepared  in  the  same  way. 

We  should  like  to  receive  recipes  es¬ 
pecially  adapted  to  light-colored  grapes. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


FUMA 


99  kills  Prairie  Pogs, 
Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
a  n  d  Grain  I nsects. 
“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

with  “Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  ”  are  doing. 

EIHVAKl)  K.  TAVLOR,  Feun  Yan,  N.  V. 


pi1  LL  BARREL  LOTS  of  sligh i  !y  damaged  Stone¬ 
ware  shipped  to  any  address  direct  from  pottery 
at  New  Brighton,  Pemia.,  for  $1.  Lots  are  well  as¬ 
sorted, containing  crocks, jars.pans,  bowls,  pitchers, 
tea  and  bean-pots— a  little  of  each.  Send  cash  with 
order.  Write  us.  E.  SWflSEY  &  CO.,  Portland.  Me. 


ASK  FOR 


wRt&UAPAT.OFP  l 

PRINTS 


What  a  waste  of  time  to 
make  a  dress  that  fades  after 
all  the  work  thatis  put  upon  it! 

Simpson-Eddystone 

Fast  Hazel  Brown  Prints 

are  the  genuine  fadeless 
brown  cotton  dress-goods. 

These  durable  calicoes, 
backed  by  68  years’  repu- 
,  tation,  are  made  of  well- 
'  woven  first-quality  cotton 
i  cloth  ;  and  the  rich  lustrous 
k  color  is  absolutely  fast  to 
soap,  perspiration,  and  sun- 
^’1  light.  “Worth  making  up.” 
Numerous  attractive  de- 
Isigns. 

Show  this  advertisement  to 
lyour  dealer  when  you  order,  and 
Idon’t  accept  substitutes.  If  not 
1  in  your  dealer’s  stock  write  us 
Ihis  name  and  address.  We’ll 
I  help  him  supply  you. 

|The  Eddystone  Mfg.  Co.,  Phila«| 

[founded  1842  by  Vm.  Simpson  Sr.  | 


placed  anywhere*  at¬ 
tracts  and  kills  all 
flies.  Neat,  clean* 
ornamental,  conven¬ 
ient, cheap.  Lasts  all 
season.  Can’t  spill  or 
tip  over,  will  not  soil 
or  injure  anything. 
Guaranteed  efTect- 
Of  all  dealers  or 
for  20c, 
UlERS 
150  I)e  Kalb  Are. 

Brooklyn*  N.  Y. 


826 


THE)  RURAL?  NEW-YORKER 


August  12, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

COW  EARNS  ONE  DOLLAR  PER  DAY. 

Please  give  daily  cost  of  ration  for  cow 
described  on  page  700.  As  I  see  it,  it  is 
about  75  cents  per  day.  At  current  prices 
for  milk,  14  to  18  cents  a  gallon  to  pro¬ 
ducer,  she  will  about  come  out  even.  Here 
it  is  at  retail,  such  as  owner  of  one  cow 
has  to  pay : 

Grain,  20  lbs,  at  1%  cents . $0.30 

Hoots  2-3  bushel  per  day . 20 

All  the  silage  and  Alfalfa  hay  she 

will  cat  . 25 

$0.75 

This  is  about  same  net  return  as  a  com¬ 
mon  cow  fed  on  a  common  ration. 

Ohio.  j.  G.  K. 

I  have  taken  pains  to  figure  cost  of 
keeping  Vale  DeKol  Elliston  one  year, 
also  the  returns  from  her  milk  which 
was  sold  at  milk  station  at  prevailing 
prices.  The  following  statement  I  am 
sure  your  readers  will  agree  is  all  she 
would  consume  in  one  year.  I  am  sure 


it  is  all  she  did  consume. 

One  ton  hay .  $12.00 

Pasture  .  7.00 

Silage,  four  tons  at  $4  per  ton .  16.00 

Beets,  2-3  bushel  per  day,  200  days, 

at  15  cents  bushel .  16.95 

Grain,  18  lbs.,  365  days,  at  $27  ton  88.70 
Cabbages,  1%  ton,  at  $6  per  ton...  9.00 


$148.65 

Her  milk  brought  the  following 
amounts : 


June  8  to  30,  1910 .  $18.26 

July  .  30.42 

August  .  36.99 

September  .  31.21 

October  .  38.81 

November  .  37.83 

December  . - .  38.05 

January,  1911  .  33.45 

February  .  26.16 

March  .  23.33 

April  .  19.11 

May  .  17.39 

June,  8  days .  3.80 


Income  from  milk  fcfr  year . $354.81 


To  this  should  be  added  one  unusu¬ 
ally  fine  heifer  calf,  for  which  $500 
could  have  been  accepted,  but  did  not 
prove  very  tempting.  It  will  be  noted 
that  Vale  DeKol  Elliston  produced  milk 
enough  (24,191.1  pounds  during  year) 
to  bring  at  milk  station  prices  nearly 
$1  a  day  the  year  around.  Her  aver¬ 
age  daily  production  for  the  year  was 
66.3  pounds.  Her  high  day  record  for 
milk  was  94.8  pounds.  At  no  time  dur¬ 
ing  the  year  did  she  produce  less  than 
50  pounds  per  day.  Bear  in  mind  that 
she  is  not  a  full  aged  cow.  This  record 
is  made  as  a  senior  four-year-old.  It 
will  be  observed  that  she  is  a  very  con¬ 
sistent  even  producer  over  a  long  time. 
She  holds  the  “world’s  record”  for 
production,  eight  months  after  calving 
having  produced  20.3  pounds  butter  in 
seven  days  in  this  test,  thus  taking  the 
title  away  from  her  three-quarter  sister 
(owned  by  me),  Sadie  Vale  Pietertje, 
whose  similar  record  was  16.133  pounds. 

A.  A.  KNAPP. 


A  SILO  FOR  NOVA  SCOTIA. 

I  am  planning  to  build  a  silo  this  season. 
Will  you  advise  as  to  material?  We  have 
lots  of  small  stone  we  want  to  get  rid  of, 
sand  three  miles  away.  What  about  con¬ 
crete?  If  built  and  I  can  manage  to  grow 
say  seven  acres  for  cattle  feed  (assorted 
stock),  would  you  advise  all  corn  or  part 
turnips,  mangels,  carrots?  Corn  with  say 
12  loads  manure  to  acre  will  give  about  10 
to  12  tons  that  will  reach  maturity;  tur¬ 
nips  150  to  300  bushels  per  acre,  beside 
tops ;  mangels  about  the  same.  We  prize 
mangels  to  feed  brood  sows  during  Winter. 
Will  probably  have  half  enough  hay  to  feed. 

Nova  Scotia.  t.  e.  s. 

A  concrete  silo  30  feet  high  and  12 
feet  in  diameter  will  require  30  yards  of 
gravel  and  30  barrels  of  cement.  This 
amount  of  cement  can  be  greatly  re¬ 
duced  if  small  stones  are  used  as  a 
filler ;  from  five  to  eight  yards  of  stone 
can  be  rammed  into  the  concrete  of  a 
silo  this  size.  The  stone  should  be 
shoved  down  into  the  concrete  while  it 
is  soft,  taking  care  to  keep  the  larger 
stones  near  the  center  of  the  wall.  Each 
yard  of  stone  that  is  used  as  a  filler 
means  a  saving  of  one  barrel  of  cement. 
Concrete  silos  properly  built  and  rein¬ 
forced  are  giving  good  satisfaction  and 
should  be  very  durable.  A  good  stave 
silo  will  last  for  many  years,  and  can 
easily  be  repaired  if  some  of  the  staves 
decay.  We  have  onu  which  has  stood 
for  15  years  and  is  still  doing  good  ser¬ 
vice.  If  we  were  to  build  again  we 
would  use  concrete  if  we  could  figure 
the  cost  as  low,  or  nearly  as  low,  as 
wooden  staves,  otherwise  we  would 
build  another  stave  silo. 

If  you  cannot  grow  at  least  400 
bushels  of  turnips  or  mangels  to  the 
acre  you  would  better  not  bother  with 
them.  An  acre  of  corn,  well  matured, 
and  yielding  12  tons  of  silage,  can  be 
produced  more  cheaply  than  the  roots, 
and  will,  according  to  our  experience, 
give  fully  as  good  satisfaction,  pound 
for  pound,  in  feeding.  The  best  variety 
of  corn  to  plant  for  silage  is  the  one 


which  will  grow  the  biggest  crop,  and 
develop  glased  ears.  We  know  of  no 
better  kind  than  Longfellow  for  your 
latitude.  Large  growing  varieties  that 
will  not  develop  glazed  ears  will  produce 
more  silage,  but  of  a  much  poorer  qual¬ 
ity.  c.  s.  M. 


BLACK  MAMMOTH  HOG. 

Where  can  I  find  black  mammoth  hogs? 

Ringgold,  Va.  J.  h.  b. 

This  name  for  a  breed  of  swine  must 
be  merely  local  I  have  been  familiar 
with  about  all  breeds  of  swine  for  40 
years,  and  have  never  seen  a  breed  of 
this  name  advertised.  For  some  years 
some  breeders  of  Poland  Chinas  have 
been  breeding  them  larger.  As  these 
are  mostly  black  and  very  large  in  some 
herds,  if  J.  TI.  B.  will  buy  some  of  these 
he  will  get  them  as  large  as  he  like,  I 
think  without  doubt. 

Ohio.  JOHN  M.  JAMISON. 


CHOPPED  WHEAT  FOR  STOCK. 

Would  wheat  chopped  in  a  chopping  mill 
< which  grinds  it  very  fine)  be  harmful  to 
feed  pigs,  shotes,  or  hogs,  also  horses?  I 
am  at  present  feeding  middlings  and  bran 
to  my  hogs,  but  as  I  raise  considerable 
wheat  I  could  make  more  money  feeding  it 
on  the  farm.  Is  it  good  for  cows? 

Maryland.  d.  e.  C. 

Chopped  wheat  may  be  safely  fed  to 
horses,  cows,  pigs,  shotes  and  hogs  if 
the  price  will  admit  of  its  being  used 
for  these  purposes.  There  is,  however, 
a  right  and  a  wrong  way  to  feed  wheat 
to  the  animals  named.  For  horses,  the 
wheat  should  not  constitute  more  than 
one-half  of  the  grain  ration,  the  other 
half  being  either  whole  or  ground  oats 
and  cracked  corn,  the  proportions 
varying  with  the  condition  of  the 
horses  and  character  of  their  work. 
For  milch  cows,  chopped  wheat  may  also 
constitute  about  one-half  of  the  grain 
ration,  the  other  half  being  composed 
of  bulky  feeds  like  dried  brewers’  or 
distillers’  grains  mixed  with  a  small 
portion  of  cotton-seed  meal  or  gluten 
feed,  the  amount  depending  upon  the 
quantity  of  milk  the  cows  are  giving 
and  the  kind  and  quality  of  roughage 
fed. 

For  young  pigs  chopped  wheat  may 
constitute  the  entire  grain  ration  if 
soaked  at  least  12  hours  in  swim-milk 
or  water  before  feeding.  As  the  pigs 
grow  older  a  little  cornmeal  should,  be 
added,  gradually  increasing  to  at  least 
half  of  the  ration  during  the  finishing 
period,  unless  the  wheat  is  much 
cheaper  for  you  to  use  than  corn,  in 
which  case  the  cornmeal  may  be  dis¬ 
pensed  with  entirely.  A  very  satisfac¬ 
tory  ration  may  also  be  made  by  mix¬ 
ing  ground  barley,  which  is  usually 
sold  at  a  comparatively  low  price,  with 
the  chopped  wheat  and  soaking  both 
several  hours  before  feeding.  Whole 
wheat  and  barley  may  also  be  fed  to 
pigs  after  they  are  three  or  four  months 
old,  if  soaked  12  to  24  hours  before 
feeding.  c.  S.  G. 


Mange  in  Horses. 

Please  give  symptoms  of  mange  of  horses, 
with  treatment  of  same.  Is  the  disease 
contagious?  .  w.  c. 

New  York. 

The  disease  is  contagious,  being  due  to  a 
parasitic  mite,  and  has  to  be  treated 
according  to  conditions  found  present  in 
each  case.  If  you  have  a  horse  affected 
with  what  you  think  to  be  mange  describe 
the  symptoms  in  detail  and  give  us  the 
history  of  the  matter,  and  we  will  be  glad 
to  give  advice.  It  is  the  province  of  this 
department  to  give  advice  in  actual  cases 
of  sickness,  where  a  graduate  veterinarian 
cannot  be  embployed  or  where  additional 
advice  is  desired.  a.  s.  a. 


Colic. 

I  have  a  horse  that  is  troubled  with 
gravel  or  kidney  colic ;  the  spells  come  on 
him  about  every  two  to  three  months.  The 
last  spell,  about  a  week  ago,  was  very 
severe.  lie  also  had  some  indigestion  with 
last  spell.  Can  you  tell  me  of  a  remedy 
to  prevent  these  attacks.  c.  H.  w. 

New  Jersey. 

Such  attacks  are  colic,  most  often  of 
the  spasmodic  variety,  and  the  retention 
of  the  urine  is  merely  incidental.  There  is 
no  disease  or  abnormal  condition  of  the 
kidneys  present ;  but  there  may  be  spasm 
of  the  neck  of  the  bladder,  and  this  is 
temporary  and  subsides  as  soon  as  the 
pain  from  colic  ceases.  Avoid  colic  cases 
by  feeding  regularly,  giving  the  drinking 
water  before  and  not  soon  after  feeding, 
not  working  the  horse  too  soon  after  a 
meal  or  feeding  and  watering  when  hot 
and  exhausted  from  work.  Let  a  horse 
have  a  sip  of  water  when  he  comes  in  from 
work  at  noon  and  then  let  him  eat  a 
pound  or  so  of  hay  before  being  fed  grain. 
Do  not  suddenly  change  quantity  or  kind 
of  food.  At  time  of  any  attack  of  spas¬ 
modic  (cramp)  colic  give  two  ounces  of 
turpentine  and  a  dram  of  fluid  extract  of 
nux  nomica  shaken  up  in  a  pint  of  raw 
linseed  oil.  and  if  there  is  much  pain  add 
half  an  ounce  of  fluid  extract  of  cannabis 
lndlca.  Do  not  give  medicine,  but  call  in  a 
qualified  veterinarian  if  the  horse  has  no 
let  up  in  pain  and  is  afraid  to  lie  down 
and  roll.  Those  are  the  symptoms  of  en¬ 
teritis  (inflammation  of  the  bowels),  for 
which  the  medicine  we  have  prescribed 
above  would  not  be  suited,  but  detrimental. 
The  veterinarian  also  will  be  needed  when  a 
horse  is  bloated.  A.  s.  a. 


THE  WORLD’S  BEST 
Cream  Separator 

is  bound  to  be  simplest  and  have  the  greatest 
skimming  force.  Simplicity  means  durability, 
ease  of  cleaning,  superior  cream.  Greatest 
skimming  force  means  cleanest  skimming,  most 
butter. 

The  only  simple  separator  is  the 

SHARPLES 


Dairy  Tubular 

It  contains  no  disks  or 
other  contraptions.  It  has 
twice  the  skimming  force 
of  others,  and  therefore 
skims  faster  and  twice 
as  clean.  Wears  a 
lifetime.  Guaranteed 
forever  by  America’s 
Oldest  and  world’s 
biggest  separator 
concern. 

These  are  simple, 
plain,  easily  proven  facts. 

If  you  heed  them,  you  will 
get  a  Tubular  in  the  first 
place.  It  repeatedly  pays 
for  itself  by  saving  what 
others  lose. 

Why  bother  with  any  com¬ 
plicated  or  cheap  machine? 

You  don’t  want  a  separator 
that  the  patented  Tubular 
put  out  of  date  over  ten 
years  ago.  The  fact 
that  others  have  finally 
bought  Tubulars  means 
“  Finally  a  Tubular  ” 
for  you. 

You  can  arrange  with 
our  local  agent  for  a 
free  trial. 

Other  separa- 
tors  taken  in 
exchange  for 
Tubulars. 

Write  for  cat¬ 
alog  153. 

THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO. 

1  WEST  CHESTER,  I*A.  .  > 

Chicago,  III.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Portland,  Ore. 
Toronto,  Can.  Winnipeg,  Can. 


Minor’s  Fluid 


“The  Yellow  Can" 

Positively  kills  ticks,  lice  and 
stomach  worms,  cures  mange,  scab, 
sores,  prevents  hog  cholera,  abor- 
tion,  etc. 

It  is  non-poisonous,  easily  pre¬ 
pared  and  fully  guaranteed  to  do  its 
work.  -It  is  a  thoroughly  reliable 

Sheep  and  Hog  Dip 

and  meets  all  Government  require¬ 
ments  for  official  dipping  for  scab 
on  sheep.  Your  dealer  carries  Minor's  Fluid — 
“the  yellow  can” — in  stock  or  can  get  it  from  his 
jobber.  If  not,  write  us  direct. 

Get  our  prices  on  Dipping  Tanks. 


.  The  V/.  E.  Minor  Disinfectant  Co. 
1554  Columbus  Road  Cleveland,  Ohio 


YOUR  COWS 

Need  Protection  H gainst 

_  Cows  driven  from  pillar  to  post  by 
Km  BE  4743(^2  those  itching  demons— Hies— can't 
K  CH  produce  their  maximum  quantity 

or  quality  of  milk.  Spraying  barns 
with  Crel  Oil  will  drive  out  every  fly.  Spray  cows 
slightly  with  Crel  Oil  and  they  will  pasture  peacefully. 
Harmless,  but  very  effective.  Crel  Oil  gives  off  powerful 
deodorizing  fumes  that  kill  all  parasite  life.  Splendid 
for  disinfecting  sinks,  troughs, drains,  etc.  Only  §1.00 
a  Quart— lasts  long  time.  If  your  local  dealer  can’t 
supply, order  direct.  Sprayer  free  with  trial  order. 
CALEDONIA  CHEMICAL  CO.,  Caledonia,  N.  Y. 

OREL  OLL 

80  lbs.  More  Milk 

IN  3  DAYS 

Resulted  from  using  *‘Will-Kill-Flie6” 
on  twenty-two  cows — kept  them  free  from 
flies  and  increased  milk  flow  80  lbs.  in  3  days. 

WILL-KILL-FLIES 

the  most  effective  liquid  spraying  preparation  and 
perfect  disinfectant,  kills  flies  and  all  insect  pests  1 
that  annoy  your  stock  and  poultry — that  means  more 
milk,  more  eggs,  healthy,  contented  cattle. 

Free  Test  at  our  Expense 

We’ll  send  you,  express  prepaid  east  of  Rocky 
Mountains,  1  gallon  of  “Will-Kill-Flies”  and  a 
sprayer,  on  receipt  of  $2.00  and  dealer’s  name. 

^If  it  doesn’t  satisfy  you  in  every  respect,  we  will^ 
refund  money.  Lasts  longer  and  accom-^ 

L  plishes  more  than  other  preparations. 

EUREKA  MOWER  COMPANY 
Box  964,  Utica,  N.  Y. 


/milk  coolers 


COPPER  REMOVABLE  TUBES 

An  accident  means  a  new  part, 
not  a  new  machine.  Easy  to 
thoroughly  clean. 

Cools  Lower  Than  Any  Other 

Durable  Efficient  Sanitary 
WISNER  MFG.  CO. 
^230  Greenwich  St.,  New  York 


HORSES 


Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 

at  farmers’  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station.  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O, 


DOGS 


PHI  I  IC  D 1 1  DQ— From  imported  stock.  Females 

uULLIL  rUlOcheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grave  City,  Pa. 


™C  A I  C  -  REGISTERED  R  AMBOUILLET 
CALC  RAMS;  O.  I.  O.  SWINE. 

C.  \V.  HALLIRAY,  North  Chatham,  N.  Y. 

REGISTERED  SHROPSHIRE  RAMS  gtrSiVh 

Yeoman.  FRED.  VAN  VLEET,  Lodi,  N.  Y, 


DAIRY  CATTIjE~] 


Highest  Quality  and  Best  Color 


The  prepotency  of  the  Guernsey  Bull  or  his 
ability  to  stamp  the  desirable  characteristics  of  the 
breed  on  his  offspring 

Makes  him  most  valuable  for  improving  the 
common  dairy  stock  of  any  section. 


A  Dairy  of  Grade  Guernseys  will  give  Rich, 
Fine-Flavored,  High-Colored  Milk, 
Cream  and  Butter. 


FURTHER  INFORMATION  REGARDING  THE  GRADE 
GUERNSEYS  BY  ADDRESSING 

The  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club 

Box  R  PETKRBORO,  N.  II. 

SIR  AAGGIE  LINCOLN  DE 

way,  born  Jan.  1,  half  white,  by  Belus  Lincoln,  out 
of  Pansy  Aaggie  Queen.  Price  only  $75  f,  o.  b. 
crated.  CLOVERDALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 


REG.  HOLSTEIN  MALE  CALVES 

■  Closely  related  to  champions  of  the  world  I 
at  farmers’  prices.  Fine  individuals,  nicely  I 
marked.  Fifty  per  cent  below  value. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Write  today.  ■ 

F.  H.  RIVENBURGH,  H1LLHURST  FARM,  MUNNSVILLE,  N.  Y. 


OAKLAND  FARM  HOLSTEINS 

FINE  INDIVIDUALS— LARGE  PRODUCERS 

Choice  YOUNG  BULLS  For  Sale 

Write,  stating  just  what  you  want. 

T.  A.  MITCHELL,  Wecdsport,  N.  Y. 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEIN -FRIESIAN  ASS’N  OF  AMERICA 
f.l.houghton.sec’Y.boxios.brattleboro.vt. 


Wfi  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  .se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU.  Somerville  N.  J. 


AT  LAUREL  FARM 

we  have  on  band  some  half-dozen  sons  of  Fern’s 
Jubilee,  73852,  A.  J.  C.  C.,  from  ten  months  down 
to  a  few  days  old.  AJ1  out  of  good  cows.  Discount 
price  for  next  thirty  days. 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N,  Y. 


Breed  Up— Not  DownT*T«“'LrS3™ 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  K.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


T?OR  SALE  — TWO  PUREBRED  AYRSHIRE 
r  BULL  CALVES  and  SIX  DORSET  BUCK 
LAMBS.  ALL  ELIGIBLE  TO  REGISTER. 

W.  P.  POWELL,  Powell,  M<1. 


For  sale— registered  Ayrshire  bull, 

born  March  2.  19(16.  Price,  $80.00. 

ARTHUR  G.  WELLS,  Oswato.  Pa. 


Millr  PrnHlirprc  for  New  York  City  market 
lUlin  r  1  uuuuci  5  desiring  information  how  to 
form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville.  N.  Y. 


SWI3ME 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  qnality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.^,^ 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Havel  sows  bred  to  farrow  In  July ;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON.  Piuorietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


I  ARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD  -  Regular  Summer 
“  Offering  of  Bred  Sows.  Eighty  at  our  home  farm, 
8  to  10 months  old,  some  of  them  bred;  selected  from 
large  litters  out  of  mature  dams.  $35  up.  Come  and 
look  them  over.  H.  C.  8  H.  B.  HARPENDING,  Dundee.  N.Y. 


Spring  Hill  Yorkshires  s}’,a0od 

sows  for  sale.  Quality  and  prices  right.  CHAS, 
H.  EMENS,  Spring  Hill  Farm,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


CHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
O  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  E.  BARNES,  Oxford.  N.  Y. 


MULEFOOT  BOARSr^LE 

J.  N.  McPherson,  Pine  View  Farm,  Scottsvilie,  N.Y 


BROOKFIELD  YORKSHIRES. 

I  offer  8  to  10  weeks  old  improved  Yorkshires, 
either  sex,  $10  each,  registered  and  crated  f.  o.  b. 
Buffalo,  Brood  sows,  gilts  or  service  hoars  at  rea¬ 
sonable  prices.  W.  Allan  Gardner,  Snyder,  Erie  Co.,  N.Y. 


Large  English  Yorkshire  and  Mulefoot  Swine 

ALL  AGES,  BOTH  SEXES,  FOR  SALE, 

CHARLES  C.  ALLEN,  Greene,  New  York 


DUROCS 


THE  BIG,  DEEP  FELLOWS 

_  _  _  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 

Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SIIENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 


1911. 


827 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


TROUBLE  WITH  SOFT  BUTTER. 

How  should  I  handle  and  care  for  the 
cream  in  order  to  get  a  firm  butter?  Our 
cows  are  on  the  rye  and  get  no  other  feed 
with  it,  and  every  year  I  find  the  same  trou¬ 
ble  ;  the'  butter  so  soft  that  it  cannot  be 
worked.  I  ripen  the  cream  at  70  degrees 
F. ;  when  ripe,  cool  it  down  to  50  degrees 
F.,  hold  it  there  for  about  three  hours, 
then  churn  it  in  a  room  that  is  near  75 
or  80  degrees  F.,  which  brings  the  butter 
when  churned  up  to  64  degrees.  We  have 
no  cooler  place  for  churning.  When  the 
cows  get  on  the  Blue  grass  pasture  and  the 
sweet  corn  comes  in  I  have  no  trouble  at 
all  in  getting  a  good  firm  butter,  and 
handle  the  cream  in  the  same  way.  We 
have  Holstein  cattle,  separate  our  milk  with 
power  separator,  and  use  a  combined  churn 
and  butter-worker.  jj.  m. 

Florissant,  Mo. 

I  have  no  suggestion  to  make  in  re¬ 
gard  to  the  handling  of  your  cream  ex¬ 
cept  that  I  would  try  to  find  a  cooler 
place  for  churning.  Can  you  not  arrange 
to  cool  the  cream,  after  ripening,  the 
evening  before  you  wish  to  churn  it, 
then  churn  it  in  the  cool  of  the  early 
morning  ?  While  your  cows  are  on  the 
rye  try  the  effect  of  a  moderate  grain 
ration  of  say  one  part  cornmeal  and  one 
part  cotton-seed  meaL  c.  S.  M. 

COWS  AND  POISON  IVY. 

I  notice  some  one  asks  how  to  get 
rid  of  poison  ivy,  and  you  recommend 
using  some  sort  of  chemical  to  kill  it, 
which  seems  an  expensive  way  and  un¬ 
less  on  a  lawn  or  small  patch  of  it  to  be 
impracticable.  An  acquaintance  of  mine 
has  hit  on  a  plan  which  in  his  case  has 
worked  to  a  charm.  It  is  this:  He 
hitches  what  he  calls  a  trolley  wire  sev¬ 
eral  rods  long  over  the  fence  and  fastens 
his  cow  by  a  chain  and  ring,  dog  fashion, 
to  this  wire.  The  cow  likes  it  and 
makes  a  clean  iob  of  it,  as  all  stock 
are  fond  of  the  ivy  leaves  and  it  is 


AILING  ANIMALS. 

Knuckling. 

I  have  a  mare  that  has  started  to  walk 
on  her  toe  with  one  hind  foot.  There  does 
not  seem  to  he  any  soreness,  but  the  fetlock 
joint  is  slightly  enlarged.  Can  you  advise 
any  remedy?  a.  r. 

Pennsylvania. 

Keep  the  mare  off  board  floors  and  see 
that  she  is  properly  shod  and  the  shoes 
reset  once  a  month.  If  a  high  ringbone  is 
not  present,  improvement  may  follow  hand 
rubbing  of  the  joint  and  tendons  three  times 
a  day,  after  which  a  bandage  may  be  put 
on  from  foot  to  hock.  If  this  does  not  suf¬ 
fice  the  hack  tendons  may  be  blistered  with 
cerate  of  cantharides.  In  chronic  cases  the 
only  remedy  is  cutting  of  the  tendons  (ten¬ 
otomy)  for  which  operation  a  qualified:  veter¬ 
inarian  must  be  employed.  a.  s.  a. 

Grease. 

What  can  I  do  for  a  mare  that  has  a 
badly  swollen  left  hind  log  from  gambrel 
to  fetlock,  and  in  gambrel  the  skin  seems 
quite  thick  and  the  leg  seems  to  exude  a 
yellowish  matter?  It  has  stopped  some 
from  running,  hut  the  joint,  leg  and  gam¬ 
brel  seems  larger  than  the  other  leg.  Ad¬ 
vise  me  what  to  use  to  bring  the  leg  down 
to  normal  and  grow  the  hair  back  upon  leg 
and  gambrel.  g.  e.  m. 

Pennsylvania. 

Tncrease  exercise  or  work  and  decrease 
rich  food.  Do  not  feed  corn.  E>o  not  let 
her  stand  a  single  day  idle  in  the  stable. 


and  sound  of  automobiles  when  so  har¬ 
nessed.  It  also  is  a  good  plan  to  pasture 
a  nervous  horse  in  a  paddock  by  a  road¬ 
side  along  which  cars  pass  frequently ;  or 
take  the  horse  where  there  is  an  auto  and 
get  him  accustomed  to  it  thoroughly  be¬ 
fore  driving  again  where  they  will  be  met 
To  stop  halter  pulling,  double  a  long,  small 
rope ;  pass  the  loop  under  the  tail  as  you 
would  a  crupper  strap  ;  knot  the  ropes  to¬ 
gether  just  forward  of  the  hips  and  again 
at  the  withers  and  pass  the  two  free  ends 
down  through  the  halter  rings  and  tie  to 
manger  rings  along  with  the  halter  shank. 
Another  plan  is  to  run  a  rope  in  same  way 
from  a  fore  or  hind  foot  '  which  will  be 
pulled  off  the  floor  when  the  horse  tries 
to  break  the  halter  shank.  a.  s.  a. 

What  About  “Freemartins  ?  ’ 

I  have  twin  calves,  a  heifer  and  bull,  and 
have  been  told  that  the  heifer  will  not 
breed.  Is  this  a  fact?  a.  a. 

New  York. 

The  female  in  this  combination  is  some¬ 
times  organically  perfect,  and  will  then 
breed  ;  but  this  individual  of  the  twins  is 
often  an  hermaphrodite,  or  internally  de¬ 
fective,  and,  of  course,  useless  as  a  breeder. 

Pigs  with  Skin  Diseases. 

One  cf  my  sows  had  pigs,  which  were 
healthy  and  lively  when  born.  When  they 
were  five  days  old  I  noticed  little  red 
blotches  which  spread  all  over  them  until 
they  were  a  mass  of  scabs.  They  did  not 


FREIGHT  ZONES  ORDERED  BY  THE  INTER-STATE  COMMERCE  COMMISSION. 


(See  page  8*22.) 


is  of  greatest  importance  when  butter 
prices  are  low  and  the  difference  be¬ 
tween  separators  may  mean  the  differ¬ 
ence  between  profit  and  loss  in  dairying. 

THE  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  CO. 


Electric  Lights  make  the  brightest,  safest, 
cleanest  and  most  reliable  lighting  system 
known  for  farms  and  country  homes.*  The 
Dayton  Electric  Lighting  Outfits  are  low  in 
cost,  easy  to  install,  cost  almost  nothing  to 
operate.  Give  you  better  lights  than  most  city 
people  enjoy.  Write  today  for  complete  illus¬ 
trated  catalog  showing  outfits,  fixtures,  etc. 

DAYTON  ELECTRICAL  MFG.  CO. 
231  St.  Clair  Street  Dayton.  Ohio 


James  Sanitary 
Barn  Equipment 


Keeps  stalls  and  cows  clean- 
saves  time  and  labor-protects 
stock,  increases  profits, --pays 
for  itself  irv  a  year.  Catalogs 
FREE— Write  today.  Kent  Mfg.  Co. 

^^^O^ane^U^Ftt^itkmson,  Wis. 


Sal -Vet.  It  certainly  does  j# 
the  work— is  easy  to  feed* 

I  feed  it  to  little  piffs,  boars, 
pregnant  sows  and  find  it  A 
O.  K.  I  will  never  bo  V  .arA/, 
without  Sal-Vet. ' '  ^ 

C.F.Marshall&Son, 

Monroe.  Ia. 

OHIO  „ 


’ll  prove  it 


WORMS 


harmless  to  them.  Many  of  the  fences 
around  our  Eastern  fields,  once  clean, 
are  now  burdened  with  it,  because  they 
are  now  never  pastured  by  stock.  If 
the  fences  must  remain  I  believe  the 
cow  and  trolley  wire  are  the  cheapest 
solution  of  the  ivy  problem. 

Connecticut.  norman  s.  platt. 

LIME-SULPHUR  SHEEP  DIPS. 

On  page  738  you  give  the  method  of 
making  lime  and  sulphur  dip,  and  advise 
the  use  of  eight  pounds  of  unslaked  lime 
and  24  pounds  of  flower  of  sulphur  to  be 
boiled  with  30  gallons  of  water  for  not  less 
than  two  hours,  to  be  used  for  dipping 
sheep  for  scabies.  The  average  farmer  is 
not  a  chemist,  any  more  than  the  average 
chemist  is  a  farmer.  Lime  and  sulphur 
are  two  very  peculiar  products  to  handle. 
Lime  slakes  very  easily  by  exposure  to  the 
air,  and  the  farmer  does  not  know  whether 
his  lime  is  really  slaked  or  unslaked.  Then, 
too,  sulphur  is  not  very  easily  combined 
with  lime  by  boiling,  and  is  very  often 
from  30  to  40  per  cent  impure.  You  say 
to  boil  the  lime  and  sulphur  for  two  hours, 
but  only  a  chemist  can  tell  when  the  com¬ 
bination  of  lime  and  sulphur  has  been  ef¬ 
fected.  Therefore,  the  average  farmer  will 
have  a  very  hard  time  to  tell  when  his  dip 
Is  made  and  whether  it  will  be  effective  or 
not.  Lime  and  sulphur  dip  will  cure  scab¬ 
ies,  hut  will  not  kill  lice  or  ticks  on  sheep. 
The  lime  tends  to  dry  up  the  natural  oil 
In  the  sheep’s  skin,  and  retards  the  growth 
of  the  wool  to  a  marked  extent.  Lime  and 
sulphur  is  also  very  hard  to  wash  out  of 
the  wool,  and  for  this  reason  many  wool 
buyers  will  not  purchase  wool  which  has 
been  dipped  in  lime  and  sulphur.  The  coal 
tar  dips  are  very  much  better.  They  not 
only  cure  scabies,  hut  also  kill  every  living 
parasite  on  the  animal.  They  do  not  stain 
the  wool  or  retard  its  growth,  and  are 
germicides,  and  will  heal  any  small  cuts  or 
wounds  on  the  animal.  H.  n.  case. 

Michigan. 

R.  N.-Y.— We  gave  the  facts  as  presented 
by  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry. 


Wet  the  leg  several  times  a  day  with  a  mix¬ 
ture  of  four  ounces  of  Goulard’s  extract  and 
water  to  make  one  quart.  In  feed  or  drink¬ 
ing  water  mix  twice  daily  half  an  ounce  of 
granular  hyposulphite  of  soda.  a.  s.  a. 

Hygroma. 

I  have  12  Jersey  cows  from  three-  to  six 
years  old  last  Fall.  I  built  a  new  stable 
w'itb  a  concrete  floor  and  manger ;  the  cows 
stand  on  a  boarded  floor.  In  front  of  them 
is  a  4x6  that  holds  their  stanchions.  Six 
of  them  have  swellings  on  knees,  which  I 
think  have  been  contracted  by  reaching  for 
their  food.  I  have  padded  now  ;  could  you 
tell  me  any  remedy  to  cure  the  big  knees? 

Vermont.  j.  c. 

If  the  swellings  are  large  and  contain 
serum  the  common  treatment  is  to  run  a 
tape  seton  down  through  each  sac  and  work 
it  back  and  forth  several  times  a  day  to 
-cause  a  flow  of  liquid.  Antiseptics  have 
to  be  used  to  prevent  infection.  A  veterin¬ 
arian  should  be  employed  to  care  for  the 
cows.  a.  s.  A. 

Nervous  Horse. 

I  have  a  horse  that  is  afraid  (or  makes 
believe  he  is)  of  automobiles.  How  shall  I 
break  him  so  that  he  will  not  sheer  o.ut 
into  the  ditch?  Is  It  best  to  use  a  whip, 
and,  if  so,  at  what  time?  He  also  has  the 
habit  of  pulling  back  and  breaking  the 
halter  when  hitched  in  the  stable.  How 
can  this  be  remedied?  w.  s.  b. 

New  York. 

Do  not  whip  a  horse  for  being  afraid. 
Hitch  him  double  with  a  non-afraid  horse 
and  gradually  accustom  him  to  the  siglit 


suck  and  grew  weak,  and  all  died.  The  sow 
seemed  healthy  and  was  in  good  condition  ; 
I  could  not  see  any  sores  on  her.  I  was 
told  it  was  hog  measles,  but  I  never  heard 
of  it.  Can  you  tell  me  what  was  the  mat¬ 
ter  with  them?  I  had  pigs  iu  next  pen  and 
they  are  all  right.  II.  J.  L. 

Connecticut. 

Were  the  disease  measles  the  other  pigs 
would  have  shown  the  same  symptoms,  as 
the  trouble  is  contagious.  More  likely  it 
was  a  form  of  eczema  associated  with  indi¬ 
gestion  from  the  sow’s  milk  disagreeing  with 
the  pigs.  We  have  also  seen  similar  trouble 
caused  by  wet,  dirty  sleeping  places  and 
bedding.  Very  likely  you  overfed  the  sow. 
She  should  have  had  very  light  rations  im¬ 
mediately  after  farrowing.  The  pigs  might 
have  done  better  if  they  had  been  dipped  in 
a  solution  of  coal  tar  dip ;  but  a  change  of 
rations  for  the  sow  would  have  done  most 
good.  a.  s.  A. 


Paint  for  Silo. 


My  silo  is  octagon  and  is  ceiled  with 
matched  hard  pine.  Which  would  be  the 
better,  paint  or  cold  tar  for  it  inside? 

Preble,  N.  Y.  m.  a.  a. 

Coal  tar  is  apt  to  taint  the  silage  with 
which  it  comes  in  contact  unless  it  is  ap¬ 
plied  hot  and  long  enough  before  the  silo 
is  filled  to  become  perfectly  dry  and  hard, 
in  which  case  it  is  quite  satisfactory.  For 
immediate  use  I  would  prefer  to  paint  with 
yellow  ochre  and  oil.  A  good  wood  pre-  ’ 
servative  applied  to  the  inside  of  the  silo  Is 
also  very  satisfactory.  c.  S.  G. 


Simply  Perfect — Perfectly  Simple 

is  one  reason  why  the 

PARSONS  “  LOW-DOWN  ” 

is  the  recognized 

LEADER  AMONG  MILK  WAGONS 

Ask  for  Catalogue 

THE  PARSONS  WAGON  COMPANY 
Dairy  Dept.  Karlville,  N.  Y. 


Terre  Haute  Veterinary  College 

A  complete  practical  course  in  Veterinary  Science; 

Write  today  for  catalogue  and  information. 
DR.  S.  V.  RAMSEY,  -:-  TERRE  HAUTE.  IND. 


YOUNG  MEN  WANTED  to  learn 
VETERINARY  profession.  Oatah  gue 
free.  Grand  Rapids  Veterinary 
College,  Dep.15,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


Si 


Hobbling  a  Cow. — I  have  been  told  that 
British  cavalrymen,  as  a  part  of  the  regu¬ 
lations,  cause  their  horses  to  recognize  them 
by  their  smell,  by  placing  the  nose  of  the 
animal  in  one’s  arm  pit  occasionally  and 
petting  the  animal,  and  a  great  affection 
for  its  master,  as  wel  as  respect  for  his 
command,  results.  This  is  a  natural  mode 
of  caressing  an  animal,  and  as  no  harm 
would  result  in  a  trial  if  proper  precau¬ 
tions  are  taken  in  the  case  of  an  unruly 
animal,  could  not  the  enquirer  hobble  his 
cow  with  affection?  v.  s. 

I  am  thankful  to  you  and  W.  M.  Rothe- 
myer ;  a  man  who  will  treat  a  cow  so  that 
she  is  afraid  of  him  ought  not  to  own  a  cow. 
We  have  two  fine  cows  and  we  don’t  have 
to  hobble  them,  anyone  of  the  family  can 
call  them  by  name  and  they  will  come. 
Instead  of  driving  them  they  will  follow  us 
anywhere ;  the  hens  and  ducks  the  same. 
I  hope  that  man  will  learn  a  lesson  how  to 
treat  his  animals.  Mrs.  p.  s.  s. 

Connecticut. 


—I'll  Prove 


PH  Prevent 1  Your 

Hot  Rcorching  sun,  short  pastures  tend  to  multiply 
by  the  millions  the  deadly  stomach  and  free  intestinal 
worms.  That’s  why  stock  run  down,  become  gaunt,  thin 
and  sickl  y  at  this  time  of  the  year.  G  r<iss  be  i  ng  short,  your 
hogs,  sheep,  cattle,  and  horses  take  these  deadly  parasites 
into  their  systems  by  the  wholesale.  They  sap  the  vitality, 
life  blood  and  energy  faster  than  the  animal  can  renew  it. 

Stock  become  sluggish,  dull-eyed,  emaciated  and  diseased;  many  die,  especially  lambs,  sheep 
ana  nogs.  Don  t  wa.it.  Do  something  quick.  Do  it  now  before  it  is  too  late.  Get  Sal-Vet, 
the  great  medicated  stock  salt  and  conditioner;  positive  death  to  these  destructive  worms. 

Send  Ho  Money-Just  the  Coupon  cimPaiet^itaire'yeatiye- 14  rid9  the  8ystem  of  worms 


■  • — *  vjaii  Vi/'  " 

It  Before  You  Pag 

Read  This  Letter 

**  I  have  been  in  the  hog  business  for 


i  nave  been  in  the  hog  business  for 
aU  years  and  have  tried  every  known  s 

remedy  for  hogs,  but  have  never 

Ifilinn  an  vl n  i  n  i»  an  u •>  I  vnm.  ^  ^ 

'9^-Aoc 


£ r  jf'  -vVyP 


I’ll  send  you  enough  Sal-Vet  to  last 
ALL  YOUR  STOCK  60  days.  You  pay 

the  small  freight  charge  when  it  ar¬ 
rives  and  pay  for  the  Sal -Vet  if  pleased 
after  60  days’  trial.  Send  coupon  now . 


eod 

,  - - - - „  —  howquicbly 

it  will  put  an  end  to  these  deadly,  life-sapping  pests. 

r  Sidney  R.  Feil,  President 
THE  S.  R.  FEIL  CO.,  Dept.  R.M.Y.  CLEVELAND, 

Prices  ^>?5j,10<>x!b8-  $».00;  S00  lbs..  *13.00; 

600  lbs.,  $21.12,  No  orders  filled  for  less  than  40  lbs. 


I  feed  it  to  little  pi 


boars. 


n 


without 


Flo 


cs?  Of  C 


8L:8 


THE  RURAE  NEW-YORKER 


August  12, 


JVE  I  Ij  K. 

The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.51 
40  pe  -quart  can,  netting  three  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  2G-ccnt  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


The  world’s  greatest  cheese  will  be  ex¬ 
hibited  at  the  National  Dairy  Show  in  Chi¬ 
cago  at  the  International  Live  Stock  Amphi¬ 
theatre,  October  26  to  November  4,  1911. 
The  cheese  exhibited  at  the  last  Dairy 
Show  weighed  over  4,000  pounds  and  was 
the  largest  Cheddar  cheese  ever  made.  This 
year’s  cheese  will  weigh  over  10,000  pounds 
and  will  take  G5  tons  of  milk  and  cream 
from  G,500  cows  milked  by  1,350  men ;  18 
expert  cheese  makers  and  25  assistants  will 
be  employed  in  the  construction  of  the 
cheese,  which  will  be  transported  to  Chi¬ 
cago  in  a  specially  constructed  refrigerator 
occupying  an  entire  flat  car. 


In  this  vicinity  dairying  is  in  an  unor¬ 
ganized  and  backward  condition.  Towns 
and  villages  of  this  part  of  the  Ohio  Val¬ 
ley  are,  I  think,  almost  entirely  supplied, 
at  least  the  family  trade,  by  local  dairy 
farmers.  Price  to  families  six  cents  in  Sum¬ 
mer,  eight  cents  in  Winter ;  seven  cents  at 
present  owing  to  unusual  drought.  Such 
milk  and  cream  as  I  have  heard  of  being 
shipped  goes  mostly  to  hotels,  restaurants, 
ice  cream  makers,  etc.  The  price  appears 
to  be  generally  based  on  the  Elgin  butter 
price,  with  perhaps  10  cents  per  gallon  ad¬ 
ditional  on  cream.  There  are  no  silos  here 
yet,  and  most  farmers  keep  but  few  cows 
for  milking.  If  the  silo  solves  the  Winter 
feeding  problem  then  we  are  in  this  locality 
just  that  far  behind.  However,  conditions 
appear  likely  to  improve.  It  seems  likely 
that  spraying  will  restore  fruit  to  its 
former  importance  in  this  hill  country. 
May  and  June  were  probably  the  driest 
and  hottest  here  in  a  generation.  Pota¬ 
toes  are  about  a  total  failure.  Meadows 
on  low  moist  land  short,  on  uplands  noth¬ 
ing.  Corn  on  well  prepared  and  cultivated 
land  has  stood  the  drought  best  of  any¬ 
thing.  H.  K.  G. 

Newport,  O. 


Milk  here  is  bought  by  the  Mutual  Milk  & 
Cream  Co.  of  New  York  City,  who  pay  Bor- 
den's  prices.  The  price  last  month  was 
$1.10  per  hundred  pounds,  or  2  1-3  cents  per 
quart.  This  month  (Julyl  the  price  is  $1.30 
per  100,  and  the  price  for  August  is  to  be 
$1.50  per  100.  This  August  price  is  a 
trifle  less  than  3  1-5  cents  per  quart.  These 
prices  are  for  milk  delivered  at  shipping 
point.  From  there  it  is  shipped  to  New 
York  and  the  consumer  pays  from  eight  to 
GO  cents  per  quart  for  it — 10  cents  for  a 
half-pint  glass  half  full  at  a  restaurant. 
Dairymen  are  not  saying  much  about  the 
price  of  milk  or  the  future  condition  of  the 
business.  Very  little  grain  is  being  fed  at 
this  time  of  the  year,  and  they  do  not  feel 
the  cost  of  production.  Lust  year  all  crops 
were  good  in  this  section.  Dairymen  had 
an  abundance  of  fodder  and  lots  of  corn 
and  oats,  and  did  not  need  to  buy  as  much 
feed  as  usual,  therefore  they  did  not  feel  the 
cost  of  the  milk  so  much,  though  some  of 
them  did  not  get  market  prices  for  the  hay 
and  grain  that  their  cows  ate.  This  year 
the  hay  crop  is  very  light  and  when  in  the 
Fall  the  dairyman  feeds  much  purchased 
grain,  and,  because  of  reciprocity  with 
Canada,  gets  a  lower  price  for  his  milk, 
there  will  be  grumbling  in  plenty,  and  the 
Taft  Administration  will  get  a  good  share 
of  it.  Dairy  inspection,  as  conducted  by 
the  New  York  City  Hoard  of  Health,  causes 
unnecessary  hardship  to  some.  To  illus¬ 
trate  :  A  man’s  milk  was  refused  at  his 
nearest  creamery  (milk  receiving  station), 
of  which  he  had  been  a  patron.  From  the 
producer’s  standpoint  there  was  no  just 
cause  for  refusing  the  milk.  The  man  now 
carts  his  milk  six  or  seven  miles  to  a 
creamery  where  butter  is  made.  As  he  has 
only  a  small  dairy  the  cost  of  carting  his 
milk  takes  a  large  part  or  all  of  the  profits 
that  might  be  his  could  he  sell  at  the  sta¬ 
tion  nearer  his  home.  g.  g.  gibbs. 

Warren  Co.,  N.  J. 


I  consider  the  milk  situation  here  the 
most  favorable  of  any  in  the  State.  We 
have  no  millionaire  farmers  or  any  who 
are  doing  business  for  the  fun  of  it.  TheJ 
are  all  in  it  as  a  business  proposition.  This 
section  has  been  almost  exclusively  devoted 
to  the  milk  business  for  more  than  50  years. 
They  started  in  as  soon  as  the  Harlem  R.  II. 
was  built  through  the  country.  They  have 
been  tied  to  a  cow's  tail  so  long  that  they 
have  grown  fast.  They  do  not  know  lio\9 
to  farm  it  in  any  other  way.  Talk  about 
getting  out  of  the  milk  business,  and  the 
answer  is,  “Well,  what’ll  you  do?”  Once 
in  a  while  one  gets  disgusted  and  sells  out 
his  dairy.  But  it  is  only  a  short  time  be¬ 
fore  he  is  back  in  again.  They  cannot  get 
along  without  the  monthly  milk  check.  The 
fact  that  selling  milk  turns  farm  produce 
into  cash  quicker  than  any  other  style  of 
farming  is  what  keeps  most  farmers  at  it. 
While  we  do  not  feel  satisfied  with  the 
price  paid  we  realize  that  we  are  more 
favored  than  some  other  sections.  The 
great  disadvantage  the  farmers  of  my  age 
have  labored  under  is  doing  business  on  a 
falling  market.  Our  fathers,  who  went  into 
the  milk  business  before  the  war  of  the 
Rebellion,  when  milk  brought  three  to  four 
cents  per  quart,  when  war  prices  prevailed, 
made  money,  but  their  sons  who  began  at 
those  high  prices  suffered  the  consequences. 
When  I  began  for  myself  milk  was  worth 
six  cents  per  quart  at  the  factory.  Cows 
brought  $100  per  head,  and  land  was  worth 
$100  per  acre.  Money  was  flush.  But 
prices  kept  falling  for  years,  until  milk  got 
down  to  two  cents  for  the  Summer  and 
three  cents  for  the  Winter,  and  farm  values 
Went  to  almost  nothing.  Those  wex-e  trying 
times.  But  latterly  things  have  been  pick¬ 
ing  up,  and  we  are  doing  better.  What  the 
future  has  in  store  I  hardly  know.  But  I 
do  know  that  if  present  prices  are  not  sus¬ 
tained  some  of  us  will  go  to  the  wall.  We 
cannot  do  business,  support  our  families, 
keep  buildings  in  repair,  and  farm  equip¬ 
ment  up  to  date  on  tliree-cent  milk. 

Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.  H.  v.  u. 


ANOTHER  COW  REPORT. 

I  promised  to  report  production  of  cows 
for  comparison  with  the  hens.  I  am  slow, 
but  here  is  report  for  May  and  June,  1911  : 

No.  1,  freshened  May  18,  1911,  com¬ 
menced  test  May  21. 

lbs.  but- 


Ibs.  milk  fat  ter  fat 

Gave  during  May .  .  378.7  4.39%  10.97 

Gave  during  June.  11G5.5  4.67%  54.43 

No.  4  during  May  891.3  4.34%  37.68 

No.  4  during  June  1107.65  4.48%  49.62 

No.  5  during  May  478.0  4.59%  21.97 

No.  5  during  June  1154.15  5.09%  58.75 

Total  butter  fat  in  May,  76.62  lbs. 

Price  received,  32  cents . $24.52 

Total  butter  fat  in  June,  162.80  lbs. 

Price  received,  40  cents .  65.12 

Total  . $89.64 


No.  4  commenced  test  May  8,  freshened 
April  29.  No.  5  freshened  May  8,  had  milk 
fever,  commenced  test  May  18.  Cost  pas¬ 
ture  at  25  cents  per  week,  hay,  soiling 

crops  and  grain,  20  cents  per  day  each, 
$29.70;  profit  for  May  and  June,  $59.94. 

Cows  ai'e  purebred  Jersey,  all  have  fine 

calves.  Skim-milk  is  figured  at  25  cents 

per  100  pounds,  is  fed  to  Jersey  calves 
and  Berkshire  pigs,  so  this  is  a  low  esti¬ 
mate.  Milk  and  cream  sold  during  Sum¬ 
mer  at  six  cents  for  milk,  40  cents  for 

cream,  30  to  35  per  cent  fat,  make  butter 
in  Winter.  Pastures  no  good,  so  feed 
grain,  one  pound  per  day  for  every  pound 
fat  produced  during  week,  have  no  regular 
ration.  Cows  cost  us  $100  each  two  years 
ago ;  have  one  heifer  and  two  bulls  from 
them  this  year.  If  we  get  $100  each  for 
them  at  one  year  old,  which  we  will,  surely 
they  are  worth  $50  each  at  birth. 

CHAS.  B.  DAYTON. 

Susquehanna  Co.,  Pa. 


A  CURSING  CLERGYMAN. 

How  would  you  like  to  have  Rev.  L.  S. 
Osborne  for  your  minister?  No,  thank 
you  !  y.  s. 

Putnam  Co.,  N.  Y. 

This  man  sends  us  a  clipping  containing 
a  letter  from  the  Rev.  L.  S.  Osborne,  of 
“the  leading  Episcopal  Church  in  Newark.” 
Mi-.  Osborne  explains  the  use  of  the  woi'd 
“damn”  and  then  says : 

“And  so  I  say  advisedly  and  soberly 
‘damn’  the  ice  trust  and  the  milk  trust 
and  the  farmers  and  the  cows,  and  every¬ 
body  and  everything  that  is  making  this 
hot  weather  an  excuse  for  boosting  the 
price  of  ice  and  milk.  The  sugar  trust 
may  be  faulty,  and  the  Standai'd  Oil  Com¬ 
pany  not  all  that  can  be  desired,  but  they 
don't  conspire  to  kill  sick  babies.” 

What  we  would  like  to  do  with  Mr.  Os¬ 
borne  would  be  this  :  Put  him  out  among 
the  hills  in  a  neighboi'liood  where  farmers 
must  depend  for  their  living  upon  shipping 
milk  to  New  York.  Then  let  him  cui-se 
the  cows  and  the  farmei's  who  get  between 
them  about  30  cents  of  the  consumer's  dol¬ 
lar.  It  is  easy  for  this  man  in  his  “lead¬ 
ing  church”  to  be  smart  and  flippant  and 
class  farmers  and  even  their  cows  with 
the  “ice  trust”  and  “milk  trust,”  but  he 
ought  to  be  ashamed  of  himself  to  do  it,  or 
to  teach  city  people  that  the  farmers  are 
conspiring  to  “kill  sick  babies.”  What  is 
the  matter  with  such  a  man  anyway?  His 
brand  of  the  “milk  of  human  kindness” 
seems  to  be  adulterated  with  a  desire  to 
be  “smart.” 


A  HOT  DAY  IN  IOWA. 

We  began  to  do  things  slowly  at  5 
o’clock  a.  m.  I  say  slowly,  for  we  are 
short  handed.  Over  a  week  ago  Walter  fell 
out  of  a  cherry  tree  and  bx-oke  some  bones, 
and  that  left  LaVern  and  an  old  man  who 
can  keep  up  with  the  boys  for  a  time  on  a 
pinch.  But  he  does  not  like  to.  The  first 
work  was  to  milk  tlii'ee  cows  and  look 
after  the  hogs  and  pigs,  then  breakfast. 
We  then  put  two  loads  of  hay  into  the 
mow  that  had  been  left  in  the  driveway. the 
night  before.  Then  LaVern  went  to  the 
field  to  mow  and  I  hunted  the  coolest  place 
to  look  over  the  daily  papers,  but  was 
soon  disturbed  by  a  telephone  from  a  hotel 
landlady  saying  that  she  wanted  a  dozen 
chickens  right  away  quick,  Walter  and 
the  thi'ee  women  and  two  grandchlldi'en 
were  about  I'eady  to  start  for  a  church  pic¬ 
nic,  so  they  took  the  chickens.  The  12 
weighed  23  pounds  and  sold  at  20  cents  a 
pound,  and  they  were  the  last  of  about  100, 
the  first  hatch. 

There  were  about  four  acres  to  mow  and 
as  LaVern  had  to  help  catch  the  chickens 
he  did  not  finish  before  dinner.  When  the 
picnickers  left  they  told  us  to  help  our¬ 
selves  for  dinnei',  which  we  did  to  our  sat¬ 
isfaction.  There  were  other  things,  but  the 
best  for  this  hot  weather  was  separator 
skimmed  milk  right  out  of  the  ice  box. 
You  will  say  thin,  but  we  eat  the  cream, 
too,  but  prefer  to  have  it  go  through  the 
small  separator.  Our  people  are  very  fond 
of  inilk  in  hot  weather ;  it  took  nearly  a 
gallon  for  LaVern’s  and  my  dinner.  The 
milk  was  cold,  but  the  thermometer  said  it 
was  100  degi'ees  in  the  shade  outside.  After 
dinner  LaVern  finished  mowing  and  I  with 
a  side  delivery  rake  threw  four  swaths  onto 
a  space  that  the  loader  would  cover.  Our 
hay  is  light,  yielding  from  three-fourths  to 
a  ton  to  the  acre,  and  we  get  a  load  by 
driving  aci'oss  the  field  80  rods  and  back, 
hut  haymaking  is  hot  work  with  mercury 
trying  to  climb  out  over  the  top  of  the 
tube.  We  had  to  drop  the  hay  into  the 
mow  without  mowing  away.  It  will  be  a 
job  to  get  it  out.  but  it  will  probably  be 
cooler.  The  load  that  was  cut  after  dinner 
was  not  quite  dry  enough,  but  we  wanted  to 
finish ;  that  which  was  cut  before  dinner 
was  well  cui-ed.  The  hay  was  not  over¬ 
ripe,  but  the  ground  is  hot  and  the  sun 
hotter,  and  the  hay  thin.  It  is  the  first 
time  we  have  finished  haying  in  June. 
We  shall  commence  making  hay  of  our  oats 
Monday,  July  2.  They  are  short  and  grain 
will  be  light.  After  finishing  the  hay  I 
milked  the  cows  and  LaVern  looked  after 
the  pigs.  We  had  had  our  supper  before, 
and  it  was  nine  o’clock  when  I  was  ready 
for  the  bathtub.  A  good  day’s  work  done 
under  uncomfortable  conditions.  j.  s. 

Corning,  Iowa. 


■EA8M  MACHINES. 


tool  steel  knives; 
special  springs  to 
prevent  binding  and 
clogging;  one  lever  starts  and  stops  both  feed 
rollers  and  apron;  flexible  swivel  top  distri¬ 
butor,  handy  side  table,  detachable  foot  board, 
safety  device  to  prevent  breakage.  It  is  guar-> 
anteed  (under  equal  condition*)  to  do  more 
and  better  work  size  for  *ize  than  any  other 
make,  and  to  last  longer.  Write  today  for  free 
illustrated  catalog. 

APPLETON  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

427  Fargo  St.,  Batavia,  Ill, 


Silage  Saves  Hay 

A  short  hay  crop  means  a  high  price.  You  will 
surely  want  to  feed  silage  next  winter.  •  It  is  a 
cheap  and  very  valuable  feed,  relished  gi’eatly  by 
livestock.  The  demand  for  silage  equipment  this 
year  will  be  tremendoxis,  and  you  should  by  all 
means  place  your  order  now  for  an 

APPLETON  SILO  FILLER 

(.SELF  FEE D) 

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Elbow  with  sliding  door  regulates  the 
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It  increases  the  capacity  of  your  silo,  mixes,  distributes  and 
firmly  packs  the  feed  almost  automatically.  “It  prevents  the 
spoiling  of  the  Ensilage."  Saves  Its  cost  in  labor  over  and  over 
again.  Fits  any  blower.  Sold  on  trial.  Thousands  in  use.  “Nothin* 
like  it.’*  We  Pay  the  Freight.  Now  is  the  time  to  order  one. 

WE  HAVE  HUNDREDS  OP  LETTERS  LIKE  THESE: 

'I  saved  sovoral  times  the  price  of  your  distributer  In  one  season, 
for  I  did  not  have  the  spoiled  ensilage  I  had  In  previous  years.” 

Fred  W.  Pflingsten. Itasca.  Ills. 

"'The  Elbow  and  Distributer  received  from  you  last  season  have  given  sat¬ 
isfaction.  Three  men  in  the  silo  could  not  pack  and  distribute  as  one  -with 
,  your  Distributer.  I  find  tho  ensilage  more  valuable  on  account  of  its  evon 
distribution.  Would  not  think  of  filling  a  silo  without  It.” 

Jacob  Dlckman,  Defiance,  Ohio. 


Am  pleased  with  your  distributer.  With  it  we  had  a  boy  ten  years  old  do  the 
'  work  better  than  two  men  in  the  old  way.”  John  S.  Ramsey ,  Annandale,  N.  J. 

“I  am  pleased  with  the  "Better  Way”  Distributor.  I  have  been  using  silos  for 
20  years  and  must  say  that  I  never  filled  one  with  so  little  labor  and  expense.” 

'X>  F.  A.  Hlllner,  Norfolk,  Virginia. 

IF  YOU  OWN  A  SILO,  Write  Now  for  Our  Special  Offer! 
W.  W.  BATEMAN  CO,  147  3d  St.,  Boonville,  Iud. 


MITT 


III  I 


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AND  this  tremendous  capacity  is  kept  up  day 
after  day  on  one- ha l fiqch  cut.  Yet  the 
the  OHIO”  is  slow— preventing  explosiotis 
It>s  the  scientific  principle  of 
OHIO  —combined  with  wonderful  strength  of 
■materials  and  careful  construction  that  makes 
them  so  efficient  and  durable.  No  matter  how 
fast  you  feed,  the  silage  can't  wind  around  the 
ro^s«,or  S1'P  back.  The  sectional  lower  roller 
and  Bull  Dog”  grip  prevents  this.  Let  us  tell 
jrou  all  about  this  feature  and  many  other 
OHIO”  advantages.  Let  us  send  you  our 

Fine  Book  On  Silage  Cutters  Free 

—112  pages.  .  Tells  about  complete  “OHIO” 
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authorities  at  Colleges  and  Experiment  Stations. 
Don  t  decide  till  you  read  this  guide-book  to 
the  right  machines.  It’s  free.  Address 
SILVER  MFG.  CO.,  SALEM,  OHIO 


Sinead 

Cuts  5Tons  in 


Save  Money  On 

Your  Ensilage  Cutter 

Don’t  decide  till  you  get  our  prices  and 

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silage  and  dry  fodder  so  quickly,  on  so  little  power  I 

at  so  little  cost  as  the  world-famous 

GaEe-BaEdwin 

and  we  want  to  prove  it  to  you.  Furnished  with  elevators  I 
to  fill  the  highest  silos.  Safety  fly  wheel,  safety  treadle  lever.  I 
Cut  4  different  lengths,  cut  fastest,  feed  easiest.  With  or  I 
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CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MANUFACTURING  CO 
338  West  St.,  Rutland,  Vt. 


More  Milk  More  Money 
If  You  Feed  Silage 


Silage  has  the  succulent  qualities  of 
new  grass.  It  increases  the  milk 
flow,  tones  the  entire  system.  Makes 
the  most  economical  ration  for  winter 
feeding,  or  during  droughts.  Rel¬ 
ished  by  all  stock.  Best  feed  for 
young.  How  you  cut  it  is  important.  Before 
purchasing  any  cutter  investigate  the 

BLIZZARD  ¥i?l¥££ 


and  prove  to  your  own  satisfaction  that  it  cuts  at 
lowest  cost,  gives  most  work  on  least  power.  Most 
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covering  every  part,  make  this  the  only  cutter 
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Let  us  tell  you  more  about  the  Blizzard  and 
why  it  is  such  a  profit-payer.  Your  name  on  a 
postal  brings  “The  Evidence”;  also  “Why  Si¬ 
lage  Pays,’’  well  worth  writing  for.  Latest  cata¬ 
log  included  if  you  ask  for  it.  All  Free. 


JOS.  DICK  MFG.  CO. 

1426  W.  Tuscarawas  Si.,  Canton,  Ohio 


Smalley 


FORCE  FEED 

SILO  Fillers 

The  only  machine  with  force  feed  table, 
automatic  feed  rolls,  and  safety  fly 
wheel  and  belt  pulley  which  loosen 
automatically  from  the  shaft 
and  thus  keep  foreign  substances 
and  blower.  Greater 
,  greater  safety,  greater 
convenience,  less  power,  less 
repairs.  Send  for  catalogue. 

HARDER  MFG.  CO. 
Box  ll.Cobleskill.N.Y. 


THE  UNADILLA  SILO 

THE  SENSATION  OF  THE 
AGRICULTURAL  WORLD. 

Write  for  our  “TWENTY 
FIVE  REASONS”  why  it  is  in 
a  class  by  itself. 

We  also  manufacture  Farm 
Water  Txibs  and  ai-c  New  Eng¬ 
land  representatives  for  Papec 
Cutters  and  are  in  position  to 
quote  low  prices  upon  receipt  of 
inquiry.  Exti'a  discount  for 
early  orders.  Agents  wanted. 


THE  UNADILLA  SILO  CO.,  Inc.,  Box  B,  Unadiila,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


829 


The  Henyard. 


THE  HEN  CONTEST. 

On  page  777  we  gave  the  egg  record 
to  July  1  of  the  two  lots  of  10  hens  each 
which  W.  J.  Dougan,  of  New  Jersey,  is 
keeping.  Now  we  come  to  hatching 
and  chick  raising. 

The  10  Wyandottes. 


The  following  is  report  of  the  Wyandotte 
chicks  hatched  from  “contest”  eggs  : 

Hatched.  Lost. 


March  10 ...  . 

18 

18 

March  17 . 

2 

2 

March  23 _ 

12 

6 

April  1 . 

18 

7 

April  6 . 

19 

4 

April  14 . 

10 

2 

April  23 . 

20 

2 

April  30 . 

7 

1 

Mav  15 . 

16 

0 

May  27 . 

23 

3 

June  6 . 

29 

1 

June  22 . 

17 

0 

June  29 . 

11 

0 

409 

192 

46 

You  see  we  have  148  Wyandotte  chicks  of 
all  ages  on  hand.  These  chicks  had  an 
abundance  of  boiled  egg  when  young,  as  we 
had  an  unlimited  supply  from  incubators, 
being  infertile.  The  grain  used  was  aside 
from  the  regular  and  consisted  of : 

100  lbs.  chick  food  at  $2.25  per  cwt.  ..$2.25 
200  lbs.  wheat  bran  at  $1.55  per  cwt.  .  3.10 
200  lbs.  crack  corn  at  $1.25  per  cwt..  .  2.50 
200  lbs.  mixed  feed  at  $1.55  per  cwt..  3.10 

11  lbs.  grit  at  90  cents  per  cwt . 09 

5  lbs.  charcoal  at  $1.45  per  cwt . 07 


$11.11 

We  have  some  of  this  feed  yet  on  hand, 
but  no  great  amount,  and  some  in  the  hop¬ 
pers.  This  is  what  was  on  hand  July  20. 

W.  J.  DOUGAN. 

Selling  the  young  males  will  soon  be¬ 
gin.  You  remember  this  contest  was  to 
determine  what  10  hens  will  give  in 
eggs  and  meat  for  eating  purposes. 
This  is  a  poor  showing  for  the  hatch. 
If  these  eggs  had  been  sold  at  45  cents 
per  dozen,  which  Mr.  Dougan  receives 
from  private  customers,  they  would 
have  brought  $15.33.  Add  this  to  the 
cost  of  the  feed  and  we  have  $26.44, 
which  the  148  chicks  must  bring  to 
even  up. 

The  10  White  Leghorns, 


Below  is  report  of  the  Leghorn  chicks 
hatched  by  us  from  Leghorns  in  contest: 


March  10 . 

Hatched.  Lost. 

March  17 . 

9 

9 

.March  23 . 

8 

4 

April  1 . 

. . . . Set  12  eggs 

8 

3 

April  6 . 

16 

1 

April  14 . 

10 

2 

April  2! . 

33 

3 

April  30. ...... 

.  .  .  .  Set  33  eggs 

10 

1 

May  15 . 

45 

3 

May  27 . 

26 

2 

Juno  12 . 

. ...  Set  28  eggs 

14 

2 

June  6 . 

.  ...  Set  25  eggs 

15 

i 

398 

206 

43 

You  see  we  now  have  100  chicks  on  band. 
These  chicks  had  all  they  could  eat  of 
boiled  eggs  and  bread,  as  we  had  almost 
unlimited  number  of  infertile  eggs  taken 
j-rora  incubators.  I  place  no  value  on  them 
as  they  would  have  been  thrown  away  if 
not  used  in  such  manner.  The  grain  used 
was  si  t  aside  from  the  regular  rations  for 
other  fowls,  and  consisted  of: 

100  lbs.  chick  food  at  $2.25  per  cwt.  ..$2.25 
200  lbs.  wheat  bran  at  $1.55  per  cwt.  .  3  T0 
200  lbs.  crack  corn  at  $1.25  per  cwt..  2.50 

10  lbs.  grit  at  90  cents  per  cwt . 09 

5  lbs.  charcoal  at  $1.45  per  cwt....  .07 


$8.01 

There  is  a  small  amount  of  the  grain  left 
on  hand.  You  must  observe  that  all  the 
early  chicks  died,  and  nearly  all  before  three 
days  old.  This  is  what  we  have  on  hand 
July  20.  w.  j.  DOUGAN. 

Figuring  the  same  as  with  the  Wyan¬ 
dottes  the  eggs  if  sold  would  have 
1  rought  $14.92  if  sold  at  retail.  With 
the  cost  of  feeding  added  this  makes 
$22.93.  Here  is  a  comparative  state¬ 
ment  : 

Wyandotte.  Leghorn. 

Number  of  chicks .  148  '160 

l‘er  cent  chicks  from 

_  mgs  .  35  40 

lost  of  feeding . $11.11  $8.01 

‘  ost  per  chick . 07  05 

Even  up  charge . 17  2l4 

Ozs.  grain  per  chick. . .  76  50 

By  “even  up  charge”  we  mean  the 
cost  of  the  grain  added  to  what  all  the 
eggs  would  have  brought  if  sold  at  re¬ 
tail.  Each  of  these  Wyandotte  chicks 
must  bring  17  cents  before  they  will 
make  anything  for  their  owner.  If  they 
bring  less  he  would  better  have  sold 
the  eggs.  The  Wyandottes  have  cost 
more  than  the  Leghorns,  but  they  are 
no  doubt  heavier  and  will  bring  more. 
Mr.  Dougan  makes  no  excuses  for  this 
poor  hatching  and  says  he  cannot  ac¬ 
count  for  it.  The  chicks  are  coming 
better  now. 


What  Ails  the  Hens  ? 

What  can  be  the  reason  or  cause  of  the 
combs  of  some  of  my  Leghorn  hens  turning 
purple,  the  birds  eventually  dying  within  a 
week  or  so?  I  have  lost  several  fine  large 
birds.  It  is  not  at  any  particular  time  of 
the  year  but  in  cold  as  well  as  warm 
weather.  Can  it  be  from  any  particular 
reason,  such  as  overfeeding?  I  feed  well 
and  I  had  some  difficulty  when  I  fed  half 
as  much.  k.  h.  j. 

New  Jersey. 

In  feeding  Leghorns  for  eggs  I  have  had 
much  the  same  experience  as  K.  El.  J.,  losing 
large,  heavy  laying  birds  regardless  of 
warm  or  cool  weather.  I  have  come  to  look 
upon  sueh  cases  as  the  necessary  conse¬ 
quences  of  heavy  laying  and  feeding  and 
close  confinement,  although  I  find  certain 
precautions  will  check  the  trouble.  This 
season  past  I  lost  only  six  or  seven  out  of 
over  200  from  this  trouble.  The  idea  I 
think  is  to  get  so  near  natural  conditions 
as  possible — good  ventilation,  plenty  of 
fresh  air,  day  and  night,  being  first.  Next, 
plenty  of  exercise.  This  you  can  give  them 
by  feeding  small  amounts  of  grain  in  the 
scratching  material  several  times  a  day. 
It  is  not  so  much  the  quantity  of  feed  as 
it  is  the  kind  they  get.  Be  careful  of  con¬ 
centrates,  beef  scraps,  blood  meal,  etc. 
Feed  more  grain  and  make  them  work  for 
it;  also  turnips  or  cabbage  to  jump  and 
peck  at.  Laying,  as  they  do,  is  a  severe 
strain  on  Leghorns,  and  they  need  unusual 
care  to  stand  it  well.  Keeping  their  blood 
fresh  and  filled  with  egg  building  materials 
is  the  main  thing.  That  they  drop  off  in 
this  fashion  at  most  any  time  is  due  to  the 
fact  that  giving  way  to  the  strain  is  often 
gradual  and  comes  just  as  likely  when  the 
heavy  laying  season  is  over  and  they  are 
trying  to  build  themselves  up  again. 

Cornish  Indian  Game. 

1.  What  have  you  to  say  about  the  Corn¬ 
ish  Indian  game  as  a  general  purpose  fowl? 

2.  What  age  do  they  begin  to  lay?  3.  Do  the 

cocks  fight  more  than  any  other  stock? 
4.  What  about  crosing  them  on  a  Plymouth 
Bock  or  a  Black  Minorca?  s.  v.  s. 

New  Jersey. 

1.  I  do  not  think  the  Cornish  Indian 
game  will  compare  favorably  with  the  Ply¬ 
mouth  Rock  or  It.  I.  Red  as  a  general  pur¬ 
pose  fowl  for  the  average  person.  They  are 
not  as  a  rule  heavy  layers,  but  they  can¬ 
not  be  excelled  as  a  table  fowl,  tbeir  deep, 
wide  breasts  and  general  plumpness  being 
their  strong  points.  They  are  also  excel¬ 
lent  mothers  and  sitters.  Up  to  the  pres¬ 
ent  time  they  have  been  bred  more  for 
exhibition  than  utility.  When  yon  can  get 
hold  of  a  good  strain  they  are  just  the 
thing  for  the  person  who  wants  extra  qual¬ 
ity  of  meat.  2.  They  begin  to  lay  at  nine 
or  ten  months,  and  are  not,  except  when 
they  have  been  bred  for  it.  Winter  layers. 
February  1  would  as  early  as  you  could 
expect  much  in  the  way  of  eggs  from  them. 

3.  The  cocks  are  not  more  troublesome 
than  those  of  other  breeds,  as  they  are 
quite  distinct  from  the  fighting  Games.  4. 
I  would  prefer  to  keep  the  breed  pure 
rather  than  cross  on  Plymouth  Rocks  or 
Minorcas.  The  first  Rock  cross  would  give 
good,  large  roasters,  but  if  looking  for  a 
Winter  laying,  general  purpose  fowl,  stick 
to  a  good  strain  of  Rocks  or  Reds. 

What  Hens  to  Keep  Over. 

I  have  40  W.  Rock  hens  and  40  It.  I. 
Red  hens  a  year  old  that  have  laid  well 
since  January  1,  1911,  and  are  beginning 
to  moult.  Would  you  keep  them  over  for 
Winter  layers,  or  would  you  sell  them?  I 
have  about  100  young  pallets.  I  was  think¬ 
ing  about  keeping  about  150  this  Winter. 

Erie  Co.,  N.  Y.  J.  K. 

Certainly  keep  some  of  the  yearling  hens 
over  if  they  have  laid  well.  In  the  farm 
llock  a  good  layer  ought  to  pay  her  way  for 
two  seasons,  and  I  have  found  chickens 
hatched  from  the  eggs  of  two-year-old  hens 
the  most  satisfactory  in  keeping  up  the 
strength  and  vitality  of  the  flock.  If  they 
have  begun  to  moult  got  them  through  it 
as  soon  as  possible  so  as  to  get  the  advan¬ 
tage  of  early  Fall  prices  for  eggs.  The 
feeding  of  Linseed  meal  will  help  moulting 
ami  put  them  in  good  shape.  Feed  it  in  a 
ration  of  five  pounds  grain,  one-half  pound 
beef  scraps,  one-half  pound  linseed  meal 
with  plenty  of  grass  and  exercise.  Be  sure 
to  sell  early  any  hens  that  are  in  poor 
condition  or  over  slow  in  getting  through 
the  moult.  Also  any  that  you  think  are 
poor  layers  or  tend  to  get  too  fat. 

K.  B. 


SHEDS  FOR  FEEDING  CATTLE. 

On  page  602  W.  E.  D.  speaks  positively 
about  a  method  of  handling  feed  lot  yard 
manure,  lie  says  “In  some  cases  it  is  care¬ 
less  wastefulness  and  in  others  it  is  not,” 
and  thinks  he  can  prove  this  statement.  I 
would  like  to  have  this  proof  brought  for¬ 
ward.  In  ease  one  lias  the  funds  to  build 
a  barn  or  a  shed  under  which  he  could 
feed  his  cattle,  it  seems  to  me  that  it  would 
be  good  farm  economy  and  judgment  to  do 
so.  In  such  a  case  he  would  protect  the 
yard  manure  from  leaching  away,  and  cer¬ 
tainly  on  a  cold  and  rainy  night  the  cattle 
would  be  far  more  comfortable  under  such 
shelter.  o.  I*,  it.  F. 

Tennessee. 

Steers  are  fed  around  straw  ricks  to 
work  the  straw  into  manure  quickly,  and 
to  save  the  labor  of  handling  the  straw. 
Cattle  do  better  when  fed  out  doors  or 
under  open  sheds,  seemingly  needing 
only  protection  from  storms  and  a  solid 
dry  place  to  lie  down.  Many  farmers 
who  lave  large  barns  and  sheds  let  the 
cattle  run  out  doors  at  will,  instead  of 
stabling  them  or  giving  them  shelter, 
except  during  storms.  A  covered  feed 
lot  is  desirable,  but  somewhat  expensive ; 
it  is  not  a  question  of  having  funds  to 
provide  such  a  shelter,  but  will  it  pay  in¬ 
terest  on  the  investment?  Cattle  feeding 
and  grazing  must  be  done  on  a  small 
margin  of  profit,  and  expensive  plants 
would  make  the  cattle  game  more  of  a 
gamble  than  it  now  is 

Ohio.  W.  E.  DUCKWALL. 


When  your  pasture  gives  out  or  burns  up  are  you  going  to  sit 
down  and  be  satisfied  with  a  reduced  milk  supply?  Or  will  you 
join  the  progressive  dairymen  of  today  who  are  including  Dried 
Beet  Pulp  in  the  ration,  thereby  net  only  actually  increasing  the 
milk  flow  but  keeping  the  cows  in  perfect  condition  ? 

DRIED  DEET  PULP 

Just  Like  Roots 

The  Feed  That’s  Guaranteed 

Of  course,  every  dairyman  knows  that  good  pasture  is  the  most  profitable 
teed  ox  all.  But  what  dairyman  has  enough  of  it  ?  If  you  would  save  your 
grass,  make  it  last  through  the  summer,  get  the  most  out  of  it,  and  the  most 
milk  profits  out  of  your  cows,  mix  Dried  Beet  Pulp  in  the  ration  now. 

?  he  cows  enjoy  it — watch  them  eat 
it.  Don’t  let  your  cows  crop  the  j 

ftaTow„s?c,for‘,the„t,ht„yhterrfhI  I  sla™!  Guaranty  | 

Beet=,ipulpI1,isS’liiglitUr  bulily  ^suc-  \  We  guarantee  that  any  sack  o!  onr  Dried  \ 
culent  and  palatable:  helps  diges-  *  Beet  PuIP  bou9ht  for  ,rial»  cither  direct  from  t 
tion,  increases  the  milk  flowlind  2  ns  or  ,hrou0h  a  dealer,  will  prove  saiislac-  j 

improves  the  cows’  health.  \  tory  ,0  the  buyer  or  wc  wm  rel,md  the  \ 

'■  purchase  price.  *■ 


Let  us  prove  this  to  you  by  an  actual  test.  J  ‘  S 

Go  to  your  dealer  and  get  a  ioo  lb.  sack  i  Larger  quantities  can  be  bought  with  i 
under  our  Guaranty,  or  write  us.  ^  the  privilege  of  trying  one  sack  and  if  \ 

\  found  unsatisfactory,  the  entire  pur-  \ 
\  chase  price  will  be  refunded  if  the  tin-  \ 
2  used  portion  is  shipped  in  accordance  2 


THE  LARROWE  MILLING  CO. 
Box  603.  Ford  Building 
Detroit,  Michigan 


with  instructions  to  be  received  from  us.  \ 

\vxvvxvvxwvxxvxwvvxxxvxvvvvxvvx\vvvxvvvvvvvxvvvvvvvv< 


Everlasting' 
Tile  Silo 

Made  of  Best  Ohio  Clay, 
Hard  Burnt,  Salt  Glazed, 
— Never  Need  Painting — 
No  Repairs. 

{"’HEAP,  durable,  inde- 
struotible.  Different 
sizes.  (Simple  in  construc¬ 
tion  ;  absolutely  air  tight 
and  sanitary.  We  have 
worked  for  years  to  com¬ 
plete  every  detail  before 
putting  il  on  the  market. 
Write  us  for  prices  and 
further  information. 

National  Fire  Proofing  Co. 
Room  D,  Canton,  Ohio 


fesSf 


ViTiiiiiiiniM  rniisiiL 

JHIIIIllUlllllllllllli 

!  |||IUHIIl!llllllllH¥i 

'  . . . 

jniniiiniiiiiiniiii 

I  IIIIIlllHfillllllfllllilllM 
iiiiiiHimiiiiijiiiiiiiiiiiil 

Jiusi  iniiiiimsiir! 

. . . WHBgp 


m 


lllifinilil 

nr  uiirt 


SAVE  MONEY 

BUY  NOW 

INDIANA  SILOS! 

Don’t  lose  money  through  delay.  If 

you  wai  t  another  year  you  lose  tho  price 
of  the  silo.  Short  crops  mean  high  priced 
feed.  We  can  deliver  promptly  from  our 
Factories  at  Anderson,  Ind.,  Pes  Moines, 
la.,  and  Kansas  City,  Mo.  Liberal  terms. 
Write  for  Catalog  and  our  new  book. 
Silo  Profits.  Sent  free  on  request. 

INDIANA  SILO  COMPANY 

318  Union  Building,  Anderson,  Indiana 


SILO  FILLING 
MACHINERY 


Years 


Exper¬ 


ience 


Back 


of  il 


With  BLOWER  and  Travel. 
Ing  FEED  TABLE 

Made 

in 

sizes'  to 
suit  all 
wants 
from  5  to 
15  1I.P. Engine. 

Sold  on  their  own  merits. 


No  Money  Required  with  Order 


Fill  Your  Sllo--Pay  Afterwards 

Wr'uJ  for  catalog  and  information.  A  postal  will  do. 

The  E.  W.  ROSS  CO.,  Box  13  Springfield,  O. 


A  complete  stock  of  machines  und  repairs  carried 
with  The  Fairbanks  Co.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  Mallalieu 
&  Conrey,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Brinton  &  Worth, 
Westchester  Pa., Fred  B. Fuller, Gouverueur,N.Y. 


CLIMAX 


ENSILAGE 

CUTTERS 


“The  Complete  Machine."  Don’t  buy  an 
ensilage  cutter  untilyou  have  read  our  catalog. 

WARSAW-WlLKlblSON  CO.,  50 Highland  Ave.,  Warsaw,  N.  Y. 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOB 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 
GUARANTEED  MONEY-SAVING 


on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take-up  hoop- 
continuous  open-door  front — air-tight  door  and  per* 
manent  ladder  are  some  ot* the  unusual  features.  The 

lntoriaattona!  SIM  Pn.,  113  .lain  St..  Lin^aviil*.  Bh 
Licensed  under  Harder  Patent  on  Round  Silos. 


HANDY  BINDER 


JUST  the  thing  for  preserving  files  of 
”  The  Rural  New-Yorker.  Durable 
and  cheap.  Sent  postpaid  for  25  cents. 


‘The  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 

409  Pearl  Street,  New  York  City 

Supply  and  Demand. 

Each  succeeding  year  sees  the  popu¬ 
lation  of  the  world  growing  larger,  and 
the  people  must  be  fed.  More  of  every 
kind  of  food  stuff  is  demanded — more 
wheat,  more  corn,  more  oats,  more  beef, 
pork,  mutton,  etc.  The  farmer  cannot 
afford  to  take  chances  incident  upon  the 
use  of  poor  farming  implements — espec¬ 
ially  his  grain  drill.  He  must  get  his 
seed  in  the  ground  right.  Now,  what 
drill  will  he  buy?  There  are  a  great 
many  drills  on  the  market,  and  it  is 
essential  to  act  wisely.  Therefore,  we 
urge  our  readers  to  investigate  the 
Buckeye — a  drill  that  has  given  the 
best  of  satisfaction  for  more  than  fifty 
years.  This  drill  has  positive  force 
feeds  for  both  grain  and  fertilizer.  Any 
style  furrow  openers  can  be  had — single 
or  double  discs,  hoes  or  shoes ;  also  plain 
grain  and  combined  grain  and  fertilizer 
styles.  Send  for  a  Buckeye  catalogue 
to  The  American  Seeding-Machine  Co., 
Incorporated,  'Springfield,  Ohio,  and 
then  go  to  your  nearest  implement 
dealer  and  ask  to  see  the  Buckeye.  Our 
readers  are  assured  that  the  drill  will 
do  all  the  makers  claim  for  it,  because 
it  is  sold  under  one  of  the  strongest 
guarantees  possible  to  make — a  warranty 
that  absolutely  protects  the  buyer. 


THE  RUR-A.!*  REW- YORKER 


August  12, 


830 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


There  is  one  sure  and  easy  way  to 
stop  monopoly.  Repeal  the  laws  that 
permit  one  corporation  to  hold  the  stock 
of  another.  As  it  is  now  we  enact 
the  laws  making  the  combination  pos¬ 
sible,  and  then  pass  other  laws  and 
employ  a  legal  dtepartment  to  curtail  the 
effect.  It  is  like  inviting  the  village 
boys  into  your  orchard,  and  then  hir¬ 
ing  some  of  their  members  to  keep  the 
rest  from  eating  apples.  It  seems  im¬ 
possible  that  grown  men  should  insti¬ 
tute,  much  less  tolerate,  such  practices. 
And  yet  our  national  records  are  full  of 
the  testimony. 

The  Burrell  Syndicate  of  118  East  28th 
Street.  New  York,  claims  to  sell  pictures, 
art  subjects,  etc.,  on  a  commission  for  its 
members  only ;  membership  fee  is  .$10  per 
year.  I  am  thinking  of  joining  above  syn¬ 
dicate,  but  do  not  feel  quite  safe.  Can  you 
give  me  any  information  regarding  it? 

Virginia.  a.  p.  g. 

You  are  paying  $10  a  year  for  the 
privilege  of  allowing  this  concern  to 
handle  your  goods.  We  cannot  advise 
our  people  to  invest  any  money  in  mem¬ 
berships  of  any  kind.  We  do  not  know 
just  what  this  scheme  is,  but  we  have 
had  experience  with  many  other  similar 
propositions  in  regard  to  membership 
schemes,  and  we  have  never  found  one 
that  we  could  recommend.  Our  advice 
would  be  to  have  nothing  whatever  to 
do  with  it. 

Dr.  Ferdinand  Hartmann,  head  of  the 
Hartmann  Medical  Institute,  of  No.  281 
East  14th  Street,  who  pleaded  guilty  to  an 
indictment  charging  him  with  using  the 
mails  in  a  scheme  to  defraud,  was  sen¬ 
tenced  yesterday  by  Judge  Archbald,  of 
the  United  States  Circuit  Court,  to  one 
year  and  three  mouths  in  the  Federal  prison 
at  Atlanta  and  a  fine  of  $100. — City  Paper. 

This  is  the  third  case  of  the  fake 
medical  institutions  which  has  been  re¬ 
cently  rounded  up  by  the  Post  Office 
authorities. 

Judge  Archbald  in  the  Circuit  Court  yes¬ 
terday  sentenced  William  II.  Kudolpb,  man¬ 
ager  of  the  Collins  Medical  Institute,  to 
serve  two  years  in  the  Federal  penitentiary 
in  Atlanta  and  to  pay  a  fine  of  $500,  for 
using  the  mails  to  defraud.  Dr.  Samuel  F. 
Ilyndman,  medical  head  of  the  so-called 
institute,  got  a  like  sentence,  and  Julius 
Jelisk,  a  salaried  employee,  was  sentenced 
to  the  penitentiary  on  Blackwell’s  Island 
for  a  year.  The  three  men  also  will  share 
the  costs  of  the  trial,  amounting  to  $2,619. 
The  authorities  charged  the  institute  sold 
worthless  drugs  to  more  than  20,000  out-of- 
town  patients  each  year. — Daily  Paper. 

We  have  had  frequent  occasion  to 
warn  our  people  against  these  fake 
institutions  in  the  past.  The  postal 
authorities  cannot  apprehend  them  un¬ 
til  the  scheme  is  developed  and  the  peo¬ 
ple  defrauded ;  but  the  papers  could 
warn  the  people  in  advance.  The  Postal 
Department  is  certainly  rounding  the 
crooks  up  in  good  shape. 

In  April  and  May,  1908,  I  shipped  three 
carloads  of  hay  to  8.  M.  Hall,  of  Washing¬ 
ton,  l’a.,  and  have  never  received  one  cent 
in  return.  I  did  not  send  draft  with  hill 
of  lading,  as  he  was  advertising  in  a  very 
prominent  farm  paper,  to  which  I  wrote 
regarding  his  reliability  before  sending  the 
shipment.  Their  answer  seemed  to  justify 
the  shipping  of  the  hay.  I  have  exhausted 
all  other  sources  known  to  me,  and  the  farm 
papers  in  which  I  saw  the  advertisement 
are  not  disposed  to  do  anything.  I  wish 
you  would  take  this  matter  up  for  me. 

Ohio.  F.  w.  D. 

We  were  unable  to  locate  Mr.  Hall  at 
Washington,  Pa.,  but  ascertained  that 
he  was  now  located  at  Pittsburg.  We 
were  unable  to  get  in  touch  with  him 
and  our  attorney  could  not  get  any¬ 
thing  from  him.  The  farm  paper  re¬ 
ferred  to  guaranteed  its  advertisers, 
and  it  is  only  charitable  to  suppose  it 
was  deceived  in  considering  Mr.  Hall 
reliable  and  a  responsible  party  to 
whom  to  send  shipment.  It  ought  to 
make  good. 

When  a  promoter  tells  you  no  one 
person  will  be  allowed  to  subscribe  for 
more  than  a  limited  amount  of  stock,  be¬ 
cause  he  wants  to  distribute  it  widely  so 
as  to  get  the  influence  of  as  many  stock¬ 
holders  as  possible  to  bring  patronage 
to  the  company,  if  you  do  not  do  the 
wiser  thing  and  throw  the  tempting  bait 
into  the  fire,  ask  him  to  point  to  a 
single  concern  that  has  been  organized 
on  that  cooperative  alluring  basis  that 
ever-  succeeded.  To  put  it  in  the  lan¬ 
guage  of  the  Financial  World : 

“It  is  a  strange  coincidence  that  most 
publicly  exploited  ventures  of  this  co¬ 
operative  idea  have  all  gone  under.  The 
reasons  for  this  failure  were  that  the 
promoters  behind  them  were  no  longer 
interested  in  their  projects  after  finish¬ 
ing  selling  stock.” 

The  argument  itself  if  rightly  under¬ 
stood  would  deter  anyone  from  mak¬ 
ing  such  an  investment.  We  can  tell 
you  of  numerous  concerns  promoted  on 
this  basis  that  have  gone  to  smash.  We 
cannot  tell  you  of  one  succeeded. 


It  becomes  mv  painful  duty  to  tell  you 
that  the  Quinn-Campbell  Conservatory  of 
Music  is  no  longer  affiliated  with  the  Amer¬ 
ican  Woman’s  League  or  People's  Univer¬ 
sity.  This  became  effective  midnight  Sat¬ 
urday,  June  10. 

It  is  needless  for  me  to  say  that  the  ne¬ 
cessity  of  giving  you  this  notice  is  very 
distressing.  After  canvassing  every  avenue, 
it  was  decided  by  your  Board  of  Managers 
that  the  income  of  the  League  had  reached 
a  point  so  low  that  it  would  be  impossible 
for  it  to  boar  the  expense  necessary  to 
continue  the  Quinn-Campbell  Conservatory 
of  Music  as  an  affiliated  institution.  To 
state  to  you  that  this  decision  on  the  part 
of  the  Board  of  Managers  was  a  great  blow 
to  me  and  to  the  Conservatory  but  faintly 
expresses  it. 

QUINN-CAMPBELL  CONSERVATORY  OF  MUSIC. 

Chicago,  Ill. 

Over  a  year  ago  the  Women's  College  of 
Scientific  Dressmaking  affiliated  with  the 
American  Woman's  League  of  St.  Louis, 
and  per  terms  of  contract,  we  were  to  give 
all  League  students  who  desired,  a  complete 
course  in  dressmaking  without  charge.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  American  Woman’s 
League  were  to  make  monthly  settlements 
with  us  for  work  so  rendered.  We  regret 
to  advise  that  the  League  is  over  four 
months  behind  in  payments,  and  you  can 
imagine  what  it  is  for  a  dressmaking  school 
to  give  instructions  to  3,000  pupils  for  four 
months  without  receiving  any  pay.  We  can 
stand  this  no  longer. 

WOMEN’S  COLLEGE  OF  SCIENTIFIC  DRESS¬ 
MAKING. 

La  Crosse,  Wis. 

The  above  extracts  from  two  letters 
in  our  possession  will  convey  some 
information  to  the  women  of  the  Lewis 
sucker  list  that  they  have  not  been  able 
to  learn  through  his  paper.  In  addition 
to  this  it  may  be  news  to  many  that 
the  Root  School  of  Bee  Culture, 
Medina,  O.,  withdrew  from  the  arrange¬ 
ment  some  months  back  after  satisfying 
themselves  of  conditions,  and  that  Prof. 
Brooks,  Craig,  Conn,  and  others,  de¬ 
manded  the  withdrawal  of  their  names 
from  the  Lewis  catalogues  and  litera¬ 
ture.  With  such  evidence  scrupulously 
suppressed,  Mr.  Lewis  tells  his  dupes 
that  the  League  is  not  in  debt,  and  that 
Senator  Burton  misrepresented  it  when 
he  said  on  Lewis’  own  statements  made 
from  one  time  to  another  that  it  must 
be  about  $2, OCX), 000  behind.  Of  course 
no  one  can  tell  what  the  exact  financial 
status  of  the  League  is  any  more  than 
they  can  tell  about  the  other  Lewis  en¬ 
terprises.  His  own  lawyer  recently 
stated  in  court  that  the  first  Lewis  con¬ 
cern  owed  the  second,  the  second  owed 
the  third,  and  the  third  owed  the  first  in 
an  endless  chain ;  that  accountants  had 
worked  months  on  the  task  of  unravel¬ 
ing  the  tangle,  and  gave  up  for  want  of 
funds.  At  the  beginning  of  the  League, 
Lewis  promised  that  strict  accounts 
would  be  kept,  and  report  made  from 
time  to  time.  At  frequent  intervals 
since  he  has  said  that  a  statement  was 
being  prepared  by  accountants  and  that 
it  would  be  furnished.  Then  he  got  so 
far  as  to  say  that  monthly  thereafter  a 
report  would  be  furnished;  but  no 
definite  report  is  yet  made.  This  time 
last  year  he  was  borrowing  money  from 
women  on  debenture  notes,  promising 
to  pay  off  all  the  debts  of  all  his  con¬ 
cerns  with  the  proceeds.  He  frequently 
announced  that  nearly  enough  had  been 
taken  to  pay  the  debts,  and  those  who 
wanted  this  wonderfully  popular  invest¬ 
ment  must  come  in  with  the  cash  quick. 
It  is  said  he  got  about  $220,000  in  cash 
on  the  scheme,  but  the  money  was  spent 
in  current  expenses,  and  no  debts  paid. 
After  the  wonderful  promises  of  $26,- 
000,000  of  endowments,  and  $3,800,000 
annual  income,  we  find  him  in  this  state 
where  he  cannot  pay  for  the  music  les¬ 
sons  or  the  dressmaking  instructions. 
And  yet  he  tells  you  that  he  is  care 
free  and  happy,  and  that  the  League  is 
more  promising  than  ever  before.  But 
at  the  close  of  every  harangue  he  never 
forgets  the  appeal  for  more  cash,  just 
as  he  has  done  continuously  for  10  or 
15  years.  Money  is  a  necessity  for 
Lewis.  His  lavish  expenditure  of  it  is 
little  less  than  a  subtle  form  of  bribery. 
Everyone  in  touch  with  him  knows  how 
and  where  he  got  it,  and  it  is  said  they 
bleed  him  unmercifully  of  your  money, 
not  his  own.  We  cannot  find  that  he 
ever  earned  a  dollar  in  a  legitimate 
business.  His  pride  and  his  genius  is  in 
his  ability  to  borrow  it  on  a  system 
that  the  Grand  Jury  has  just  denomi¬ 
nated  as  fraud. 


placed  a  mortgage  of  $8,000  on  his  farm 
and  home,  and  the  $16,000  was  sent  on 
to  Haggins.  Later  he  wrote  them  that 
he  had  won,  and  to  meet  him  in  Kan¬ 
sas  City,  Mo.,  and  get  their  money.  Mr. 
Moran  was  in  Kansas  City  in  response 
to  the  call,  but  not  finding  Haggins,  re¬ 
ported  his  predicament  to  the  local  com¬ 
mercial  club. 

It  is  hard  to  do  much  with  men  of  the 
Moran  type.  When  a  man  is  willing  to 
take  from  another  what  does  not  be¬ 
long  to  him,  he  has  not  great  claim  to 
sympathy  of  honest  people  when  he  dis¬ 
covers  that  he  was  swindled.  The 
schemer  did  to  him  what  he  was  willing 
to  do  to  some  one  else.  In  most  of 
the  swindles  that  come  to  our  atten¬ 
tion  we  can  sympathize  with  the  vic¬ 
tims.  But  this  case  is  not  one  of  them. 


Subscribers  who  read  “Roach’s  Finan¬ 
cial  Facts”  and  found  it  hard  to  accept 
our  advice  and  leave  stock  in  the  Amer¬ 
ican  Tanning  Company  alone,  as  well 
as  those  who  actually  made  the  invest¬ 
ment,  will  be  interested  to  know  that  the 
Government  arrested  four  promoters  of 
the  scheme  last  week  on  a  charge  of 
fraud.  The  men  arrested  were  Adam 
Hoch,  E.  S.  Robinson,  who  is  known 
also  as  H.  R.  Raymond  and  is  said  to 
be  a  brother  of  “Peanuts”  Robinson, 
now  serving  a  term  in  a  Federal  prison ; 
G.  H.  Smith  and  F.  C.  Canfield.  Hoch 
was  held  in  $10,000  bail,  Robinson  in 
$7,500  and  Smith  and  Canfield  in  $2,500 
each.  H.  W.  Parker  is  also  wanted,  but 
the  inspectors  say  he  took  alarm  early 
in  the  investigation  and  went  to  Europe, 
where  he  has  since  remained.  The  pos¬ 
tal  inspectors  say  that  Henry  N.  Roach 
died  on  October  8,  1908;  and  that 
Parker  and  Robinson  incorporated  his 
name  after  he  was  dead.  It  is  alleged 
that  the  prisoners  profited  more  than 
$1,000,000  through  the  sale  of  worthless 
stocks.  "'Trough  the  aid  of  “sucker 
lists”  it  is  claimed  that  $430,000  was  re¬ 
ceived  for  the  Tanning  Company  stock, 
and  the  inspectors  have  been  unable  to 
find  that  any  of  it  went  elsewhere  than 
into  the  promoters’  pockets.  We  know 
that  many  of  our  people  who  were  at¬ 
tracted  to  the  scheme  took  our  advice 
and  kept  their  money.  We  also  know 
that  some  were  so  impressed  with  the 
prospects  of  getting-rich-quick  that  they 
went  against  our  advice.  We  are  sorry 
for  these,  but  we  hope  the  lesson  will  be 
worth  all  it  cost.  J.  J.  D. 


NEWTON’S  HEAVE 

COUCH,  DISTEMPER  ID  IT 

AND  INDIGESTION  l/UlXb 

The  lirsUir  second  $1.00  can  cures  Heaves.  The  third 
can  is  guaranteed  to  cure 


_ _  The  Standard  Veterinary  Remedy. 

Makes  the  Horse  Stroig  and  Willing  to  Work. 

CURES  HEAVES  BY  CORRECTING  THE  CAUSE 
which  Is  Indigestion.  Send  for  booklet  “Horse  Troub¬ 
les.'’  Explains  fully  about  the  Wind,  Throat,  Stomach 
and  Blood.  N  ewton’sissaf  ef  or  colt,  adultor  marein  foal 
A  GRAND  G0NDIT10NER  AND  WORM  EXPELLER 
9 1. OO  a  can  at  denlers,  or  express  prepaid 
THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


Will  reduce  inflamed,  strained, 
swollen  Tendons,  Ligaments, 
Muscles  or  Bruises,  Cure  the 
Lameness  and  stop  pain  from  a 
Splint,  Side  Rone  or  Rone  Spavin. 
No  blister,  no  hair  cone.  Horse  can  be 

_  used.  $2  a  bottle  deliverod.  Describe 

Before  After  your  case  for  special  instructions  and 
Rook  ii  E  free. 

ABSORBINE,  JR.,  the  liniment  for  mankind. 
Reduces  strained,  torn  ligaments,  enlarged  glands, 
veins  or  muscles— heals  ulcers— allays  pain.  Brice 
81.00  a  bottle  at  dealers  or  delivered.  f 

W.F. YOUNG,  P.D.F.,  88 Temple St„ Springfield, Mass, 


Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  May  return  at  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  Southold,  Suffolk  Co.,  N.  Y. 


Hunn  Lake  Poultry  Farm 

WhiteWyandotte  Chicks,  $32  per  100.  Eggs.$5per  100. 


THE  FARMER'S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 


PRIZE  WINNING  STRAINS  •  White  Wyan- 

dottes,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  both  combs,  Single 
Comb  White  and  Brown  Leghorns,  eggs  $1.50,  15; 
$7.00,  100.  Light  and  Dark  Brahmas,  $2.00,  35.  Cat¬ 
alog  gratis.  F.  M.  PRESCOTT,  Riverdale,  N.  J. 


He  mortgaged  his  home  to  bet  on 
horses.  This  is  the  story :  Some 
months  ago  J.  B.  Haggins  visited  a  sec¬ 
tion  of  Iowa  and  made  friends  of  the 
farmers.  He  was  especially  friendly 
with  a  Mr.  Moran  and  a  neighbor. 
When  Mr.  Haggins  returned  to  Chicago 
these  two  farmers  sent  him  small  sums 
of  money  to  bet  on  horse  races.  Of 
course  they  won  more  than  the  amount 
sent.  Then  came  a  letter  that  Haggins 
had  a  sure  tip  or  inside  information  on 
a  big  race,  and  he  could  win  a  fortune 
for  both  of  them.  He  urged  them  to 
send  on  all  they  could  raise.  Each 


1)0  EGGS  $1.00 — Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
ZU  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Dirge  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 


We  Will  Sell 


-for  $2.00  for  liens  ami  $2.00  to  $5.00 
for  one-year-old  cockerels — our 
surplus  breeding  stock  of  Partridge  Cochins.  Barred 
Rooks,  White  Rocks,  Partridge  Wvandottes. 

MINC  H  BROS.  .  R-3  .  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 


Pfllll  TRYMPW_I,on't fail  to secureStock  and 
rUULI  II  I  me II  Pggs  at  onr  reduced  prices. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS.  Marietta,  Pa. 


WANTED  100  PULLETS-sSL2seSdns 

H.  J.  HARVEY,  Lees  River  Ave.,  Swansea,  Mass. 


30  Buff-20  White  LEGHORN  COCKERELS 

3  to  4  months  oid,  fine  stock,  $1.00  to  $1.50  end),  will 
skip  during  Aug.  T.  K.  SWEIGART,  Gap,  Pa, 


Get  Our  Booklet — It  Tells  How 
Manure  Actually  Produced  $2.35 
per  Load  the  First  Year  Spread 
With  a  SUCCESS. 


JOHN  FR.AZEUR  tells  how  he  made  $840.00 
in  one  season  with  a  Success.  Spreaders  do 
hard  work.  Cheap  machines  made  of  pine 
and  iron  lose  money,  give  trouble  and  die 
Boon. 

Success  frames  are  second-growth  white 
ash  and  oak,  mortised,  bolted  and  trussed — 
double  sills  through  the  middle. 

Only  Spreader  made  having  a  beater 
that  slides  back  out  of  the  load  when 
thrown  into  gear — no  strain  on  the  ma¬ 
chine  or  the  horses  when  starting. 

Axles,  cold-rolled  steel — three  times  the 
Strength  of  common  steel.  Special  wheels  of 
great  strength — wood  or  steel . 


DRAFT  HANOI 

Seven  sets  of  roller 
bearings —  others 
main  working  part  is 
Success  roller 


have  two .  Every 
fitted  with  roller  bearings 
bearings  are  made  of  cold-rolled  steel — 
.others  use  cast  or  malleable  iron  for 
kthe  cages.  Success  roller  bearings 
are  true — they  insure  all  the 
^shafting  running  in  per¬ 
fect  line. 


THE  LIGHTEST  DRAFT  MANURE 
SPREADER  MADE  AND  MOST 
DURABLE 


Patented  Steel  Brace  from  Cylinder 
to  Main  Axle. 

Others  brace  to  the  spreader  box.  All  driving 
parts  compensating.  Pressure  of  the  load  is 
against  the  cylinder,  while  the  drive  chain 
pulls  forward,  forcing  the  gears  together.  No 
lost  motion — no  getting  out  of  mesh.  The 
Success  is  the  only  spreader  having  these 
valuable  features. 

The  Success  spreader  uses  a  steel  pinned 
drive  chain.  It  withstands  the  strain  of 
frozen  manure  and  obstructions  in  the  load. 


Write  for  FREE  SPREADER  BOOK  No.  S-33 


JOHN  DEERE  PLOW  CO. 

MOLINE.  ILLINOIS 


CRUMB'S 


improved 

WARRINER 


STANCHION 


“  My  barn  that  was 

BURNED 

was  fitted  with  Crumb’s 
Warriner  Stanchions.  If  it 
had  not  been  for  the  ease  with 
which  these  fasteners  were 
opened  I  should  have  lostiny 
cows,”  writes  Mr.  Everett 
Gains,  Rernardstown,  Mass. 
Rooklet  Free. 

WALLACE  B.  CRUMB,  Box  Jlo,  Forcstvlile,  Conn. 


. .  .  FOSTER  STEEL . . . 

STANCHIONS 

Increase  Your  Dairy  Profit 
Makes  cows  comfortable.  Save  time 
in  stabling  and  cleaning.  Easy  to 
operate;  cow  proof ;  sanitary; 
strong,  and  durable. 

Write  for  our  prices  and  illus¬ 
trated  catalog  before  buying. 
FOSTER  STEEL  STANCHION  CO. 
906  Insurance  Kldg.,  Rochester,  N.  Y, 


EXCELS|0R  SWING  STANCHION 

Warranted  The  Rest.  30  Days’  Trial 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  when  open 
Noiseless  Simple  Sanitary  Durable 

The  Wasson  Stanchion  Co., 
Box  60,  Cuba,  N.  Y. 


ROBF.RTSON’S  CHAIN 
HANGING  STANCHIONS 

“I  have  used  them  for  moro 
than  TWENTY  TEAKS,  and  they 
have  given  the  very  best  of  eatia- 
foction  In  every  way,”  writes 
Justus  H.  Cooley,  51. D.,  Plainfield 
Sanitarium,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

Thirty  days’  trial  on  application 

«.  II.  ROBERTSON 
Wash.  St.,  1'orestvllle,  Conn. 


BABY  CHICKS,  8k.  “0  ffiSffS: 

C.  White  Leghorns  in  any  quantity.  Safe  arrival 
guaranteed,  Circulars  free.  CHAS.  R.  STONE,  Baby 
Chicken  Farm,  Staatsburo-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 


DABY  CHICKS — Single  Comb  White  Leghorns. 

Rose  Comb  Rhode  Island  Reds,  9c.  and  12c  each, 
Strong  and  livable.  Prom  vigorous  free  range  stock, 
bred  for  utility  and  standard  qualities.  Safe  delivery 
guaranteed.  WESLEY  GRINNELL,  Sodus,  N.  Y. 


FAR  QAI  F — 300  S.C.  White  Leghorns,  one  year  old. 
run  OHLL  100  two  year  old.  Write  your  wants 
and  for  prices.  W.  D.  CADY,  Weedsport,  N.  Y. 


SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  and  Cock¬ 
erels;  any  quantity  at  attractive  prices;  bred-to-lay 
kind.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Remington,  N.  J 


Buff,  Wh.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  S.  C.  H.I.  Red. 
Eggs.  90c.  per  15,  $1 .50  per  30.  $2.75  per  00,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  Pa. 


5000 


Single-Combed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 
Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 
right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  best  selections.  Largest  success, 
ful  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cvphers’  Tncuhators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM,  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


THre  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Crops  and  Markets 

Wholesale  Prices  at  New  York. 
Week  Ending  August  4,  1911. 


MILE  FEED— Car  Lots 
Spring  Bran,  ton .  25.50  ®  26. 


SPECIAL  NOTE. 

It  is  now  a  finable  offense  to  sell  Fruits 
and  Vegetables,  in  “short”  packages,  in  New 
York  City.  Some  provisions  of  the  law  are 
indefinite,  but  the  only  safe  way  for  shippers 
is  to  use  the  standard  barrels,  quarts,  pints, 
etc.  Partly  filled  packag's  should  have  net 
weight  of  contents  plainly  marked. 


Standard  Middlings 

lied  Dog . . 

Hominy  Chop . 

Linseed  Meal . 

Corn  Meal . 

COTTON 

New  York.  Middling  Upland... 

Middling  Gulf . 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling 
Good 


50 


’7 .00  ®  20.00 
20.00  @  30.50 
21.50  ®  25.70 
35.00  fee  35  50 
27.00  ®  2S.00 


12.00 
12.85 
1 1 .00 


® 

@ 

@ 

® 

@ 

@ 

© 


BUTTEIl 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 20 

Good  to  Choice . 22 

Lower  Giades  . 18 

State  Dairy,  best . 24 

Common  to  Good . 15 

Factory . 14 

Packing  Stock . 15 

Elgin  111.  butter  market  Arm  at  2G  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  26%  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  27  cents. 

CH ICESE 

Full  Cream,  best,  new . 

Common  to  Good . 

Skims . . 

EGGS 

White,  good  to  choice . 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 

Common  to  Good . 

Western,  best . 

Under  grades . 

Checks  and  dirties . 


.27 

.25 

.21 

.25 

.23 

.19 

■18% 


BEANS 


Yellow  Eye . 

Red  Kidney . 

WhiteKidney . 

Lima.  California _ 


Common 


HOPS 


DRIED  FRUITS 

Apples,  evap.  prime . 

Evap.,  com.  to  good . 

Cores  and  Skins . 

Raspberries . 


FRESH  FRUITS 

Apples,  Astrachan,  bbl. . 

Alexander . 

Sweet  Bough,  bbl . 

Duchess . 


Windfalls,  bbl . 

Various.  %-bbl.-bkt . 

Pears,  Southern.  Le  Conte,  bbl. 


Bell 


Peaches,  Ga.,  carrier . 

Arkansas,  carrier . 

Missouri,  carrier . 

Oklahoma,  carrier . 

Del.  and  Md.,  carrier  . 

Del.  and  Md.,  bkt . 

Jersey,  crate . 

Jersey,  bkt . 

Cherries,  lb . 

Muskmelons,  Southern,  crate . 

Maryland,  crate . 

Jersey,  bkt . 

Arizona,  crate . 

California,  crate . 

Watermelons.  Southern,  100 . 10.00 

Huckleberries  quart . 

Blackberries,  qt . 

Raspberries,  red,  pint . 

Currants,  qt . 


VEGETABLES 


Southern,  No.  I,  bbl . 

Southern,  No.  2.  bbl . 

Long  Island,  bbl . 

Sweet  Potatoes,  bbl . 

Beets,  new,  101)  bunches . 

Carrots,  new,  bbl . 

Cabbage,  Long  Island,  bbl. 
Sweet  Corn,  Jersey.  100 . 


Celery,  Jersey,  bunch. 
Lettuce,  %-bbI.  bkt _ 


Horseradish,  100  lbs . 

Okra.  Jersey.  %-bu. . . 

Onions.  Long  Island,  bbl . 2.00 

Orange  Co.,  bag . 1.25 

Jersey,  bu .  1.25 

Peas.  State,  bu .  1.00 

Radishes.  100  bunches . 35 

String  Keans,  bu .  1.00 

Lima  Beans,  bu  .  2.00 

Spinach,  bbl . 75 

squasn.  Marrow,  bbl . 75 

Crook  Neck,  bbl  . 50 

Tu  i  n  i  os.  Rutabaga,  bbl . 75 

, .  .50 

.  .50 

.  .25 

.  .50 

.  .75 


.  .11 

;  @  .12 

.  .05 

i  ©  .10 

@  .29 

..  .24 

®  .25 

»  ©  -IS 

@  .23 

@  .17 

®  .10 

®  3.90 

®  3.80 

@  4.00 

.  3.40 

@  3.50 

.  5.SU 

®  6.25 

.  a.  11) 

@  5.25 

.  G.6U 

@  6.70 

@  .32 

@  .30 

@  .32 

®  10 

.07 

@  .13 

.  .07 

®  .07% 

*>0 

@  .32 

@  .18 

.  2.00 

@  2.75 

®  3.25 

.  2.00 

®  2.75 

.  2.25 

@  3.25 

@  2.50 

.  1.25 

@  1.75 

.  .75 

@  1.50 

2  DO 

@  6.00 

2.00 

®  3.00 

fa)  3.5U 

2.00 

®  3.00 

1.2., 

®  1.50 

5.00 

@  G.5U 

2.25 

®  4.00 

3.00 

®  3.50 

3.75 

®  4.00 

2.25 

@  2.50 

1.50 

@  2.50 

.00 

@  1.25 

1.75 

@  2.25 

®  1.25 

®  .08 

.40 

®  .90 

.50 

®  1.00 

@  .75 

(d  1.60 

.75 

®  1.50 

10.00 

®25.00 

.Oil 

®  .11 

.07 

®  .13 

@  .08 

.10 

@  .14 

@  3.50 

r&  3.75 

1.25 

@  2.00 

3.25 

@  3.50 

4.00 

@  5.00 

1.00 

®  1.50 

1.00 

®  2.00 

.75 

®  1.25 

.50 

®  1.75 

@  .40 

.10 

@  .40 

.10 

@  .30 

1.00 

@  1.50 

3.00 

®  0.00 

@  .00 

®  3.00 
@  1.50 
@  1.50 
(it)  1.75 
'a:  .75 

@  2.00 

@  3.00 


1.00 

1.00 

.75 

1.00 

1.25 

.75 

.50 

.75 

1.25 


White,  bbl 

Egg  Plants,  Southern,  bbl . 

Jersey,  bu . 

Tomatoes,  Del.  and  Md.  crate... 

Jersey,  box . 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Chickens,  Broilers,  lb . 15  ®  .16 

Fowls . 13%®  .14% 

Roosters .  08  @  .08 % 

Ducks . 12  @  .13 

Geese . 09  ®  .10 

Turkeys . 12  ®  .13 

DRESSED  POULTRY— Fresh  Killed 

Turkeys,  best . 14  ®  ,15 

Common  to  Good . 12  @  .13 

Chickens,  fancy  broilers,  lb .  22  ®  23 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 18  ®  .20 

Fowls .  13  @  .15 

Spring  Ducks,  lb  .  . 13  @  .10 

Squabs,  do/. .  1.00  @  3.50 

DRESSED  POULTRY-FROZEN 

Turkeys,  best . 22  ®  .23 

Chickens,  milk-fed  roasters . 10  ®  .19 

Corn-fed  roasters . 14  ®  .16 

Fowls . 11  @  .16 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Uay,  No.  1,  ton . 27.00  ®  28.00 

No.  2 . 22.00  @  25.00 

No.  3 . 17.00  @  19.00 

Clover  Mixed . 16.00  @  22  00 

Clover . 15.00  ®  18.00 

Straw,  Rye . 11.00  ®  13.00 

Oat  and  Wheat .  8.00  ®  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs .  5  00  @  0.00 

Bulls . 3.50  ®  5.25 

Cows .  2.00  @  5.00 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs .  0.50  @  9.00 

Culls  . 4.00  ®  5  50 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 2.50  @  4.00 

Lambs .  4.50  ®  7.00 

Hogs . 7.40  @7.60 

GRAIN  ^ 

Wheat,  No.  1.  Northern  Spring .  1.14  ®  .. 

No.  2,  Red . 94  ®  .. 

No.  1  Macaroni .  1.07  @  .. 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 65  •  ffi  .71 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . . . 45  @  .48 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 85  ®  .87 


.26 

.17 

.12 

12% 

.18 


@ 

® 

® 

® 

@ 

®  5.25 
@  .08 
@  4.00 
@  7.(19 
7  35 


.27 

.22 

.20 

.10 


In  July  the  mints  of  the  United  States 
coined  12,120.000  pennies  and  850,000 
dimes. 


of  new  Louisiana 
Orleans,  July  31, 


cotton 
at  17 


The  first  bale 
was  sold  at  New 
cents  per  pound. 

In  Fleming  County,  Ky.,  drought  is  the 
most  serious  known  for  years.  Tobacco 
and  other  crops  have  been  badly  injured. 

The  August  Government  cotton  report 
puts  the  percentage  at  89.1,  decline  of 
nine-tenths  of  one  per  cent  from  last  month. 

Horticulturist  E.  P.  Taylor  reports 
that  Mesa  County,  Col.,  set  out  500.000 
fruit  trees  this  year,  about  half  being 
apple. 

The  New  England  Fruit  Show  will  be 
held  at  the  Boston  Chamber  of  Commerce 
October  23-28.  Wilfrid  Wheeler,  Concord, 
Mass.,  is  secretary. 

The  Washington  Fruit  Distributing  Co. 
estimates  the  crop  of  that  State  as  fol¬ 
lows:  Apples,  1,920  ears;  pears,  180  cars; 
peaches  and  other  stone  fruits,  1,180  cars. 

Hail,  July  30,  did  great  damage  in  the 
Niagara  section  of  Canada.  Between  St. 
Catherines  and  Winona,  fruit  trees  were 
ruined  and  hundreds  of  chickens  were 
killed. 

The  American  Dairy  Cattle  Congress 
has  just  been  organized  in  Chicago.  The 
president  is  C.  W.  Wood,  of  Worcester, 
Mass.  Its  first  annual  meeting  will  be 
held  at  Chicago  November  1. 

California  has  approximately  103.400 
acres  in  oranges,  as  follows  in  counties : 
San  Bernardino,  40.000  acres;  Los  Angeles, 
30.000;  Riverside.  17.000;  Orange,  12,000; 
Ventura,  3,000 ;  San  Diego,  1,400. 

B.  W.  Snow  gives  the  present  grain  out¬ 
look  as  follows:  Corn,  70.1  per  cent; 
Winter  wheat,  458,000,000  bushels ;  Spring 
wheat  condition  61.5,  possible  crop,  215,- 
000,000  bushels ;  oats,  61,  crop  outlook, 
760,000,000  bushels. 

Drought  in  the  Carolinas  has  become  so 
severe  that  150  mills  have  shut  down,  and 
60,000  employees  are  out  of  work.  The 
smaller  streams  are  dry,  and  rivers  which 
have  furnished  power  and  city  water  have 
dried  down  to  brooks. 

Missouri  Fruit  Outlook. — The  State 
Board  of  Horticulture  reports  the  apple 
crop  as  30  per  cent:  peaches,  28.2;  grapes, 
75  to  80.  Nearly  all  sections  of  the  State 
have  had  recent  rains,  so  that  the  apple 
situation  has  greatly  improved. 

Tiie  French  Government  has  given  out 
the  following  estimate  of  crop  conditions 
in  that  country  July  1  :  Winter  wheat, 
72.3;  Spring  wheat.  71.9;  Winter  oats, 
73.5  ;  Spring  oats,  72.8.  These  figures  are 
from  two  to  three  per  cent  above  the  ear¬ 
lier  estimates. 

The  N.  Y.  State  Fruit  Growers’  Asso¬ 
ciation  will  hold  a  Summer  meeting  at 
Hilton,  Monroe  County,  August  11-12.  Hil¬ 
ton  is  the  center  of  a  fruit  district  six 
miles  wide  and  12  long,  along  Lake  On- 
In  the  section  are  3.000  acres  of 
125,000  peach  trees  and  50.000  pear 
Hilton  has  a  model  cold  storage 
costing  .$120,000,  which  will  be  open 
for  inspection.  Pear  psylla,  apple  canker 
and  collar  rot  are  some  of  the  special  sub¬ 
jects  to  be  discussed,  with  orchard  demon¬ 
strations  of  treatment.  E.  C.  Gillett,  Penn 
Yan,  N.  Y.,  is  secretary. 

Tilings  are  looking  pretty  well  here  just 
now.  Crops  of  all  kinds  were  suffering 
and  some  trees  were  losing  their  foliage ; 
lawns  were  burned  up  and  it  commenced  to 
look  as  though  we  would  lose  many  things, 
when  we  had  a  fine  rain  almost  without 
warning,  and  in  a  few  hours  everything 
looked  different.  It  has  been  a  most  disas- 
trous  year  for  many  of  the  newcomers ;  as 
a  consequence  some  of  them  are  putting 
their  places  on  the  market  and  the  boom 
which  caused  farmers  in  some  cases  to  sell 
for  twice  their  actual  value  has  entirely 
disappeared  ;  the  market  seems  to  be  at  a 
standstill.  w.  h. 

Kinderhook,  N.  Y. 


cases 

found 


.10 

75 

.oo 

.10 

.20 

.09% 

.20 

.30 

.12 


Middling .  12.80 

WOOL 

NewYork  Fleeces.  Fine,  unwashed . 18  ®  .19 

Ohio  half  blood  combing . 25  @  .25% 

Kentucky,  three  eighths  blood . 23  ®  24 

Michigan,  half  blood . 23  @  .25 

TOBACCO. 

Conn,  brondleaf-lliler . 08  ® 

Fine  wrappers  . 60  @ 

N.  Y.  State  Fillets . U5  @ 

Fine  and  Selections . 12  ® 

Ohio  Zimmer  s  Spanish . 19  @ 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 0T%@ 

Dark  Leaf . lo  "® 

Bright  Cutters . .- . 12  ® 

Penn,  broad  leaf  fillers . 10  ® 

CHICAGO 

Butter,  creamery . 21 

Eggs,  good  to  prime  firsts . 14 

Live  Turkeys . 10 

Fowls .  11 

Chickens . 15 

Potatoes,  new,  bbl . 5.00 

Blackberries,  quart . 05 

Sheep,  100  lbs  . 2.50 

Lambs.  100  lbs . :i.00 

Hogs . o.OO  @ 

BUFFALO 

Butter,  creamery . 26  @ 

Eggs,  State .  !l8  @ 

Live  chickens . 16  @ 

Fowls . 12  @ 

Potatoes,  new.  bbl . t.50  ©  5.00 

Calves,  live,  100  lbs . 5.50  @8  50 

Sheep.  100  lbs . 1.50  @  3.50 

Lambs.  100  lbs . 4.00  @  0.85 

Hogs . 7.00  @  7.90 

Wheat,  No.  2,  Red .  ®  .92 

Lorn . 08  ®  .70 

Oats . 40  @  .42 


tario. 

apple, 

trees. 

plant 


Conditions  in  Southern  New  Hampshire, 

I  have  just  returned  from  a  week  long 
carriage  drive  through  Southern  New 
Hampshire.  This  section,  in  common  with 
many  others,  has  been  suffering  from  an 
unusually  severe  drought.  Conditions  have 
indeed  been  very  discouraging.  We  crossed 
brook  after  brook  that  was  entirely  dry. 
Most  of  the  pastures  looked  almost  as 
brown  and  bare  as  a  board  floor.  In  many 


it  was  a  mystery  what  the  cattle 
_  to  live  on.  In  one  case  a  farmer  put 
up  his  cows  (between  30  and  40  large, 
fancy  milkers)  at  noon  to  feed  them,  and 
wherever  the  cows  were  not  fed  and  grained 
at  night  they  were  shrinking  badly  in  their 
mess  of  milk.  Corn  was  "good,  ‘luit  com¬ 
mencing  to  roll,  while  potatoes  and  gardens 
were  generally  poor.  These  were  the  condi¬ 
tions  when  wo  started.  Since  then  we  have 
had  copious  rains,  and  the  outlook  has  im¬ 
proved  wonderfully.  Corn  now  promises 
a  full  crop,  and  the  prospect  for  Fall  feed 
is  much  better.  The  hay  crop  is  gener¬ 
ally  short,  varying  from  half  to  a  full  crop, 
depending  upon  the  number  of  local  show- 
eis  but  probably  averages  two-thirds  of  a 
lull  yield.  The  apple  crop  is  uneven,  and 
I  do  not  think  averages  more  than  25  per 
cent  ol  lull  yield.  Many  towns  have  almost 
no  apples,  while  some  others  have  a  fair 
crop.  It  is  noticeable  that  the  well-cared- 
for  orchards  are  the  ones  that  are  bearing, 
and  in  this  connection  it  is  interesting  to 
note  the  power  of  example  in  a  community. 
In  one  town  in  the  southern  part  of  this 
-State,  a  man  came  back  from  the  city  to 
carry  on  the  ancestral  farm,  which  con¬ 
tained  a  good-sized  old  orchard  of  unthrifty 
unprofitable  apple  trees.  He  applied  to  the 
State  Experiment  Station  at  Durham  for 
advice  as  to  its  care,  which  he  followed 
with  such  success  and  profit  that  his  exam¬ 
ple  has  been  followed  by  his  neighbors  and 
that  town  shows  better  eared-for, 
orchards  and  a  far  better  crop 


to-day 
thrifti 

prospect  than  any  other  that  we  visited 
What  convincing  proof  this  furnishes 
good  our  State  colleges  and 
stations  arc  doing !  a  c  d 

Newmarket,  N.  IT. 


of  the 
experiment 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE. 

There  are  now  7,308 


,.  „  „  now  1.308  national  banks  in 

ooo  ,sta.tes-  with  capital  of  $1,030,- 

8O-.U0,  and  circulation  of  $735,824,016. 

collects  71  per  cent  of 
from  corporations;  Ohio  az 
Illinois.  34,  and  Indiana,  19 


the 
rc>  • 


Wisconsin 
State’s  taxes 
Michigan,  45 
per  cent. 

c  0l*  farm  in  Edgefield  Countv,  S.  C 
Senator  Tillman  has  10  acres  of  asparagus 
This  season  it  netted  him  $1,345,  an  aver¬ 
age  of  $1.6o  per  dozeu  bunches. 

Labor  bureaus  are  being  run  by  the 
government  in  Great  Britain  with  great 
success.  In  the  100  labor  exchanges  now 
in  operation  an  average  of  2,500  places  are 
being  hi  led  daily. 

/  ILhi-Road  and  water  company  securities 
(  . )  lui\  mg  a  par  value  of  $525,000  wore 
sold  at  auction  August  2  for  $2,000.  These 
weie  part  of  the  assets  of  the  Carnegie 
Co  which  is  being  liquidated  by  the 

N.  i.  State  Banking  Department. 

New  companies  to  the  number  of  344 
were  chartered  in  the  East  during  July. 
1  he  stated  capital  amounts  to  $201  870  700 

i?SOOG  oonapitFUze<1  Jl*  fl'om  *1.000,000  to 
81X.000.000.  From  the  names  of  many  of 

these  concerns  it  is  evident  that  there  will 
he  plenty  of  new  opportunities  for  invest¬ 
ment  in  “sure  things.” 

Tiie  volume  of  business  on  the  N.  Y. 
Stock  Exchange  has  been  unusually  light 
this  year.  Sales  of  stocks  from  January  l 
to  July  1  were  59.734.420  shares,  being 
53,634,210  less  than  for  the  same  period  in 
1910.  Bond  sales  were  $63,444  500  a  de¬ 
cline  of  about  $30,000,000.  Politics,  the 
tariff  and  trust  investigations  were  the 
chief  causes. 

Timothy  Seed  is  scarce  and  very  high 
this  year,  and  buyers  have  been  scouring 
the  country  to  get  supplies  of  the  new 
crop.  The  current  price  in  Toledo.  O.,  a 
great  seed  market,  is  $10  to  $12  per  100 
pounds.  In  Northern  Idaho  first-hand 
sales  at  $9.50  per  hundred  are  reported, 
one  parcel  of  120  acres  having  been  sold 
at  this  price,  which  is  an  advance  of  $4.50 
over  early  offers. 

Here  are  figures  showing  the  cost  and 
profit  in  sheep  raising  as  worked  out  by 
the  Government  experts  who  are  studying 
tariff  matters :  “Cost  a  head  to  raise 
sheep,  all  expenses  incident  to  grazing, 
herding,  shearing,  dipping,  lambing,  freight 
on  wool  and  mutton,  interest  on  money 
invested,  etc.,  $1.50.  Average  clip  of  wool 
a  head,  seven  pounds  at  an  average  of  13 
cents  a  pound,  delivered,  91  cents.  Average 
price  of  iambs,  $3  ;  average  increase  being 
figured  at  about  80  per  cent  placed  on 
market,  $2.40.  Total  receipts,  $3.31.  Total 
net  receipts  a  head,  $1.81.” 

Live  chickens,  of  broiler  size  (1  %  to 
i/2  pounds  each)  have  sold  lower  during 
the  past  week,  16  cents  being  the  top 
price  at  this  writing.  The  best  market 
days  for  Now  York  are  Tuesday,  Wednes- 
uay  and  Thursday.  Friday  bring  fish  day 
for  a  large  number  of  people,  sales  of 
meats  are  lighter.  Saturday  is  the  worst 
day  for  produce  to  reach  New  York  There 
is  a  large  amount  of  business  done  that  day 
but  the  half  holiday  idea  has  developed  to 
such  an  extent  that  wholesale  trade 


in 

Goods  may 
have  to  he 
charge  for 

please  give 
of  burdock 
d.  e.  d. 


drug  trade 
roots  thor- 
and  dried. 


produce  is  an  uncertain  affair, 
meet  a  quick  sale  or  they  may 
carried  over,  with  an  ‘extra 
icing  if  perishable. 

.  Selling  Burdock. — Will  you 
information  as  to  the  disposal 
roots  ? 

New  York. 

Burdock  root  for  the  botanic 
should  ho  dug  in  the  Fall,  the 
oughly  washed,  split  lengthwise 
The  producer  usually  gets  from  three  to 
five  cents  per  pound,  depending  on  quality 
so  it  may  be  readily  seen  that  selling  bur¬ 
dock  is  not  a  rapid  way  of  making  money. 
In  some  sections  there  are  small  local  fac¬ 
tories  that  work  up  these  various  roots  and 
herbs  into  extracts,  etc.,  and  where  pos¬ 
sible  it  is  better  to  sell  the  roots  locally 
rather  than  try  to  prepare  them  for  the 
dry  drug  market.  Prices  for  roots  and 
herbs  are  sometimes  printed  in  the  news¬ 
papers.  If  these  figures  are  divided  by 
two.  the  result  will  be  not  far  from  the 
producer’s  price.  Considerable  experience 
is  needed  to  prepare  roots  and  herbs  in  best 
condition.  The  essentials  are  that  thev 
shall  be  clean  and  retain  their  natural 
qualities  with  as  little  weathering  as  pos¬ 
sible. 

Selling  Potatoes. — “I  can  get  from  $1 
to  $1.25  per  bushel  for  potatoes  now 
Would  it  better  to  sell  or  hold  the  crop  for 
a  time?”  reader. 

v  irgima. 

Although  the  potato  crop  in  this  country 
promises  to  be  10  per  cent  less  than  last 


831 

year,  there  are  sections  where  the  outlook 
is  up  to  the  average  or  above.  Michigan, 
Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  North  Dakota,  Colo¬ 
rado,  Maine,  Massachusetts  and  New  York 
all  raise  large  quantities  of  potatoes,  and 
while  there  are  some  local  failures  the 
present  prospect  is  that  those  States  will 
have  nearly  an  average  yield.  There  ap¬ 
pear  to  be  plenty  of  potatoes  in  Europe.  In 
England  they  are  now  selling  at  one  cent 
per  pound  or  under.  You  may  gain  by 
holding  your  crop,  but.  taking  all  sides 
into  consideration,  it  looks  like  a  doubtful 
proposition  to  us.  Much  will  depend  on 
your  facilities  for  storage,  and  the  rapidity 
with  which  you  can  put  shipments  on  a 
temporarily  scarce  market.  Those  who 
make  the  most  money  by  holding  watcli 
the  market  very  closely  aud  are  ready  to 
get  their  potatoes  on  the  way  at  once, 
ahead  of  the  rush  that  usually  follows  the 
news  of  a  short  market. 

Paris  Markets  are  under  the  close  su¬ 
pervision  of  a  commission  created  by  the 
French  government.  The  Prime  Minister 
is  president  of  the  commission,  and  among 
the  members  are  four  senators,  representa¬ 
tives  of  the  departments  of  Commerce, 
Interior.  Agriculture;  five  city  councillors 
of  Paris  ;  two  members  each  from  the  leg¬ 
islatures  of  each  of  five  states  nearest  the 
city,  from  which  the  bulk  of  supplies  come ; 
a  member  of  the  National  Council  of  Agri¬ 
culture  ;  and  one  each  from  the  fruit,  vege¬ 
table  and  canned  goods  trade.  These  emi¬ 
nent  officials  and  specialists  in  their  vari¬ 
ous  lines  cover  practically  all  parts  of  the 
food  trade  from  producer  to  retailer.  A 
close  watch  is  kept  over  crops,  quality  and 
distribution,  of  foods,  and  special  attention 
given  to  working  out  products  as  soon  as 
they  arrive,  thus  preventing  speculative  in¬ 
creases  iu  price.  Our  plan  of  taking  foods 
from  the  market,  putting  in  secret  storage 
until  the  scarcity  results  in  high  prices, 
and  then  doling  them  out  slowly  enough  to 
keep  prices  up.  would  not  work  in  France. 
Such  methods  there  would  mean  starvation 
and  resultant  disorder.  As  a  rule  the  food 
merchants  are  said  to  be  public  spirited, 
and  a  general  attempt  is  made  to  lot  the 
law  of  actual — rather  than  speculative — 
supply  and  demand  regulate  trade  and 
prices.  Living  conditions  in  France  are 
not  ideal,  yet  because  of  the  skill  with 
which  the  land  is  handled  and  rational 
methods  of  marketing  it  is  possible  for 
persons  of  moderate  or  limited  means  to 
live  in  comfort  to  an  extent  impossible  in 
countries  where  extravagance  is  the  key¬ 
note  and  food  monopolies  easy  to  get.  Dur¬ 
ing  1910,  beef  sold  In  Paris  at  an  average 
of  14  cents  per  pound;  veal,  16;  mutton, 
U»Vt  :  pork,  15;  butter,  16%,  and  eggs,  two 
cents  each.  The  last  price  was  the  average 
of  all  eggs,  domestic  and  imported.  The 
highest  price  for  best  French  eggs  was  4V> 
cents  each.  w.  w.  h. 


Sep- 


Coming  Farmers’  Meetings. 

Fair,  Syracuse,  N.  Y., 

Society,  Torch 
Boston,  Mass., 
Chicago,  Ill.,  Octo- 


N.  Y.  State 
tember  11-16. 

Ohio  State  Horticultural 
Hill,  September  19. 

New  England  Fruit  Show, 
October  23-28. 

National  Dairy  Show, 
her  20-November  4. 

National  Creamery  Butter 
ciation,  Chicago,  November  1 

Massachusetts’  Corn 
Mass,  November  11-18. 


Makers’ 

3. 


Asso- 


Show,  Springfield, 


A  meeting  of  poultry  experts  from  all 
over  the  United  States,  Canada  and  Euro¬ 
pean  countries  is  to  be  held  at  the  Uni¬ 
versity  of  Maine,  August  14  to  17.  At  this 
meeting  plans  are  to  be  formed  for  a  world¬ 
wide  organization ;  methods  of  teaching 
poultry  husbandry,  research  methods  and 
latest  research  results  will  be  discussed 


S.  C.  White  Leghorn  PULLETS 


Free  Grass  Range  Stock 
which  must  be  seen  to  be 
appreciated.  Inspection  invited.  Let  us 
know  your  wants.  Special  prices  during 
August.  Don’t  delay.  Descriptive  booklet, 
“FACTS  FROM  AFTON  FARM” 

Free  on  request. 

Afton  Farm,  Box  D-l,  Yardley,  Pa. 


For  Sale— -Pure  Toggenburg  Buck  Kid 

HORNLESS,  PERFECTLY  MARKED 

l)K.  GORDON,  CU  VNltURV,  N.  J. 

For  Sale-2?0  S  C, WHITE  LEGHORN  Yearlino  Hens. 

,  ,  thoroughbred  strain.  Good  layers 

and  in  a  healthy  condition,  $1.(0  each,  Address 
J.  M.  WAY,  It.  F.  D„  2,  Hockessin,  Del. 

UUILL  PAY  PREMIUM  above  market  quotations  on  26- 
"  oz.  Eggs.  Preferably  white  Leghorns  Will 
make  contract  for  whole  or  part  supply.  Purity  and 
freshness  must,  however,  be  guaranteed  and  a  per¬ 
sonal  Interview  given  prior  consideration.  Forfur- 
ther  particulars— M.  GRUENDLER,  17  East  GOth  St.,  N,  Y. 

DUE  A  SIC  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com¬ 
mission  Bouse  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter 
Eggs.  Poultry.  Pork,  Calves.  Bay,  Grain.  Beans’ 
Apples,  etc.  IC.  II.  WOOIMVARI),  302  (ireemvich  St„  N.Y,’ 

Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  CO  Com¬ 
mission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York. 


JOHN  C.  QUICK 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY. 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 


CO. 

NEW  YORK 


Highost  prices  guaranteed  for  WHiite  or  Brown 
Leghorns  or  mixed  eggs.  Also  high  grade  butter 
Write  us  tor  information.  A  trial  will  convince  you 
or  our  ability  to  obtain  extreme  prices.  Address 

JOHNSTONE  &  COUGHLAN, 

164  Duane  Street, _ :  :  New  York 

Boston  Produce  Go. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.,  -  Boston. 


832 


THE  RURAL  NED  W -YORKER 


August  12,  1911. 


HUMOROUS 


Dentist  (after  examination)  : — “And 
will  you  have  gas,  madam?”  Nervous 
Patient:  “You  don’t  suppose  I’m  going  to 
let  you  tinker  with  my  teeth  in  the  dark, 
do  you?” — The  Tattler. 

“How  did  you  get  the  bruised  face?” 
“It  was  caused  by  the  hatrack  last 
night.”  “Accidentally?”  “No;  I  think 
it  attacked  me  purposely.” — Kansas  City 
Journal. 

Speedy  (phoning  from  farmhouse  to 
garage)  :  “I  guess  you  will  have  to 
come  and  get  me.  I’ve  turned  turtle. 
Voice :  “This  is  a  garage ;  you  want  the 
aquarium.” — J  udge. 

Doctor: — “What  your  husband  needs, 
Mrs.  Naggett,  is  a  complete  rest.  I  have 
prescribed  a  sleeping  draft.”  Mrs.  Nag¬ 
gett: — “Very  well,  doctor;  when  shall  I 
give  it  to  him?”  Doctor: — “Don’t  give 
it  to  him  at  all.  Take  it  yourself.” — The 
Throne. 

“Mrs.  Binks,  do  you  believe  in  the 
physical  castigation  of  children?’  “No, 

I  don’t  believe  in  any  of  these  new¬ 
fangled  ways  o’  doin’.  I  hold  to  the  i 
good  old-fashioned  way  o’  givin’  'em  a 
good  spankin’.”— Baltimore  American. 

Sadly  the  dog’s  owner  watched  it 
chaw  up  a  seedy-looking  individual. 
“Call  your  dog  off,”  shrieked  the  vic¬ 
tim.  “He’ll  murder  me.  Call  him  off, 
man  1”  “Sorry,”  replied  the  owner 
sadly,  “but  really  I  can’t.  I  only  bought 
the  dog  this  morning,  and  I  forget  to 
ask  what  his  name  was.” — Credit  Lost. 

Speaking  with  a  young  lady,  a  gen¬ 
tleman  mentioned  that  he  had  failed  to 
keep  abreast  of  the  scientific  advance  of 
the  age.  “For  instance,”  he  said,  “I 
don’t  know  at  all  how  the  incandescent 
electric  light  which  is  now  used  in  some 
buildings  is  produced.”  “O,  it  is  very 
simple,”  said  the  lady.  “You  just  turn 
a  button  and  the  light  appears  at  once.” 
—Tit-Bits. 

“Doctor/’  sighed  the  haggard  man, 
“I’m  in  a  terrible  state !  I  haven’t  slept 
a  wink  for  nearly  a  week.  The  cat  next 
door  howls  all  night.  Can’t  you  do  any¬ 
thing  for  me?”  “Yes,  I  think  so,”  said 
the  doctor.  “Let  me  see.  This  powder 
here  will  work  the  trick,  I  think.  You’ll 
sleep  now  all  right.”  “Oh,  thank  you, 
doctor!  When  do  I  take  it?”  “You 
don’t  take  it,  my  dear  sir.  You  give  it 
to  the  cat.” — The  People. 

An  old  North  State  darkey  was  sent 
to  a  hospital  in  Charlotte  for  treatment. 
Upon  his  arrival  he  was  placed  in  the 
ward  and  one  of  the  nurses  put  a  ther¬ 
mometer  in  his  mouth  to  take  his  tem¬ 
perature,  and  when  the  doctor  made  the 
rounds  he  said  to  him:  “Well,  my  man, 
how  do  you  feel?”  “I  feel  right  tol’ble, 
sah.”  “Have  you  had  anything  to  eat?” 
“Yassah.”  “What  did  you  have?”  “A 
lady  done  gimme  a  piece  of  glass  to 
suck,  sah.” — National  Monthly. 


SAVE  HALF  Your 

Paint  Bills 

By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT  — proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 
Only  Paint  endorsed  by  the  “Grange.” 
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How  to  avoid  trouble  and  expense  caused  by  paint* 
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Clod  Crusher  and  Roller  Leads  them  All.  Send  for  circulars. 
THE  PETERSON  MFG.  CO.,  135  RIVER  ST..  KENT,  OHIO 


Write  for  This  Book 

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A  book  of  building  hints  of  every¬ 
day  use  to  the  farmer.  And  it  is 

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It  contains  over  100  pages  of  solid 
information,  clear  descriptions  and 
pictures  of  a  hundred  different  uses 
of  cement  on  the  farm. 

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UNIVERSAL 


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PITTSBURG 

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HARVEY  BOLSTER  SPRINGS 

.Soon  save  their  cost.  Make  every  wagon  a  spring  A 
1  wagon,  therefore  fruit,  vegetables,  eggs,  etc.,  f 
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THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  CO.,  Dept.  D,  ELYRIA,  OHIO 


Edwards  “REO” 
Steel  Shingles 

One  mnncan  easily  lay  these  everlasting  steel  shin¬ 
gles.  Hummer  and  nails  all  that  is  needed.  Our  patent 
interlocking  device  covers  nil  nails,  thus  preventing 
rusting,  leaking,  etc.,  and  also  guards  nguinst  iny  ex¬ 
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weather.  Our  $10,000  Guarantee  Bond  against  light¬ 
ning  protects  you  for  all  time  against  the  destruction 
of  your  Edwards  “Reo”  Roof  by  lightning. 

You  can  apply  Edwards  “Reo”  Steel  Shingles  over 
old  shingles  or  on  sheathing  12  inches  opart. 

Send  us  the  dimensions  of  your  building  nnd  wo 
will  tell  you  tho  exact  cost  of  material,  freight  pre¬ 
paid  to  your  railroad  station. 

Special  Money-Making  Proposition 
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823-873  LocR  Stroet,  Cincinnati,  Ohio  (62) 
Tho  World's  Largest  Manufaclurers  of  Stool  Rooting 


ms  ACE 


ya 

L  active;  that  clean,  sweet  scratch  In  g  grou  nds 
Jure  conducive  to  good  health  for  the  flock; 
that  by  occasionally  turning  under  the  top 
i  soik  the  yard  is  made  fresh  and  healthful. 
JXhi*  can  bo  done  in  a  few  moments  with  the 

No.  11 
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MOTOR  CARS  have  become  a  factor  in  modem  farming. 

Farmers  recognize  athe  reliable  car  as  one  of  the 
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0- 

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QUESTIONS  ABOUT  LIGHTNING  RODS. 
What  Rods?  How  Lightning  Works;  Protection. 

There  is  a  great  deal  of  controversy  among  the  people 
of  this  locality  of  late  regarding  the  advisability  of  erect¬ 
ing  lightning  rods,  and  so  I  write  for  general  information. 
Do  you  tl\ink  it  is  best -to  rod  buildings,  and,  if  so,  what 
for?  If  iron  will  melt  under  voltage  test  at  7.5,  steel  at 
8.5,  gold  at  35,  pure  copper  at  96,  and  silver  at  100, 
which  of  these  would  you  advise  using?  Will  copper  rods 
be  more  efficient  than  iron  or  steel  of  the  same  size,  and. 
If  so,  how  much  more  so?  Are  buildings  surrounded  by 
trees  less  liable  to  be  struck  than  if  standing  in  the  open? 
Is  it  because  of  vapor  rising  from  trees  that  lightning  is 
attracted  to  them?  Is  this  vapor  charged  with  electric 
energy,  and  is  the  electricity  in  the  clouds  collected  in 
this  way?  Why  is  it  that  the  electricity  striking  a  tree 
near  a  building  often  jumps  onto  the  building  instead  of 
following  the  tree  to  the  ground?  Would  a  rod  attract 
the  surrounding  ulectric  energy  and  take  with  it  the 
moisture,  and  distribute  both  in  the  atmosphere  above  the 
building  so  that  there  would  be  less  attraction?  Is  any 
metal  roof  safe  unless  grounded?  Ought  points  to  be 
placed  on  the  peaks  of  such  roofs?  Is  any  old  rod  good 
enough,  and  is  a  pure  copper  rod  more  desirable  than 
others?  Would  you  advise  one  to  buy  a  good  rod  at  an 
advanced  price,  or  pay  less  and  get  less?  I  understand 


FIRST-CLASS  PUl’lL  AND-  FRIEND.  Fig.  317. 


that  surface  furnishes  the  important  part,  and,  if  so,  how 
large  would  an  iron  or  steel  rod  have  to  be  to  do  as  good 
and  lasting  work  as  a  pure  copper  rod  of  three-inch  diam¬ 
eter?  s.  E.  L. 

Staatsburg,  N.  Y. 

The  questions  asked  by  S.  E.  L.  cannot  be  answered 
catagorically.  Much  remains  to  be  learned  regard¬ 
ing  the  origin  and  behavior  of  atmospheric  electricity 
in  its  intense  manifestations  in  the  form  of  lightning, 
so  often  destructive,  especially  in  the  open  country. 
In  some  manner  not  yet  well  understood  electric 
energy  is  generated  in  the  atmosphere  and  accumu¬ 
lated  locally  under  enormous  strain  or  tension  in  the 
region  of  certain  cloud  forms,  much  as  steam  may 
be  generated  in  a  boiler  or  air  may  be  compressed  in 
a  reservoir  until  the  tension  becomes  very  great.  In 
either  of  these  three  cases,  if  the  accumulation  goes 
on,  there  comes  a  time  when  the  surroundings  give 
way  and  the  pent-up  energy  spends  its  power  in 
destructive  work. 

“Is  it  best  to  rod  buildings,  and  if  so,  what  for?” 
If  those  interested  with  S.  E.  L.  will  pool  their 
experience  and  list  the  number  of  farm  buildings 
of  which  they  have  many  years’  knowledge,  and  the 
number  of  instances  among  these  where  lightning  is 
known  to  have  done  injury,  they  will  have  some  basis 
for  judgment  as  to  the  liability  of  farm  buildings 
being  struck  by  lightning.  We  can  look  back  to  the 
old  farm  home  with  its  house  and  group  of  barns 


which  have  withstood  all  of  the  thunderstorms  since 
1863  without  rods  and  without  injury.  Likewise 
there  are  three  other  groups  of  buildings  belonging 
to  brothers  and  sisters,  in  the  same  neighborhood, 
that  have  similarly  escaped  injury  through  more  than 


“WHEN  WE  WERE  A  COUPLE  OF  KIDS.”  Fig.  318. 

30  years  without  protection.  Nevertheless,  during 
one  electric  storm  of  10  minutes’  duration,  five  fires 
were  kindled  within  sight  of  a  brother’s  house.  There 
is  no  question  regarding  the  danger  to  farm  build¬ 
ings  from  lightning,  but  the  number  of  buildings 
which  are  never  injured  in  this  way  are  very  many, 


SHINGLING  THE  HUMAN  ROOF.  Fig.  319. 

to  one  which  is,  and  each  person  must  decide  for 
himself  whether  he  will  take  the  risk  without  light¬ 
ning  protection. 

Lightning  conductors  are  designed  for  two  pur¬ 
poses,  first,  to  secure  absolute  safety  against  light¬ 
ning,  and  second,  to  minimize  the  injury  or  danger 


when  the  construction  is  not  designed  to  afford  abso¬ 
lute  protection,  against  the  most  severe  strokes  which 
a  building  may  receive.  Theory,  critical  experiments 
and  all  experience  thus  far  have  led  those  best  quali¬ 
fied  to  judge  to  believe  that  structures  entirely  encased 
in  metal,  like  a  barn  with  galvanized  iron  roof  and 
sides,  well  grounded,  are  absolutely  safe  against  injury 
from  lightning.  This  judgment  is  based  upon  the  fact 
that  intense  electrical  charges  always  reside  upon  and 
travel  along  the  outer  surface  of  hollow  conductors, 
and  never  side  flash  into  the  interior.  It  is  also  be¬ 
lieved  that  if  a  building  is  entirely  encased  in  wire 
netting,  well  grounded,  injury  from  lightning  is  nearly 
an  impossibility.  It  is  further  believed,  and  with  the 
best  of  foundation  for  the  belief  that  any  conductor 
leading  from  the  moist  earth  near  a  building  up  to 
the  roof  affords  the  building  protection  to  its  full 
capacity,  as  a  conductor  and  power  to  convert  the 
electric  energy  passing  along  its  surface  into  heat 
below  a  temperature  capable  of  setting  fire  along 
its  course. 

We  may  quote  Sir  Oliver  Lodge,  in  answer  to  “If 


“THE  WORKERS”  READY"  FOR  BUSINESS.  Fig.  320. 


iron  will  melt  under  voltage  test  at  7.5,  steel  at  8.5, 
gold  at  35,  pure  copper  at  96  and  silver  at  100,  which 
of  these  would  you  advise  using?  Will  copper  rods 
be  more  efficient  than  iron  or  steel  of  the  same  size, 
and  if  so,  how  much  more  ?”  He  says : 

No  longer  will  it  be  thought  necessary  to  use  a  great 
thick  conductor  of  inappreciable  resistance ;  it  will  be  per¬ 
ceived  that  very  moderate  thickness  suffices  to  prevent  fu¬ 
sion  by  simple  current  strength,  and  that  excessive  con¬ 
duction  power  is  useless.  *  *  *  A  thin  iron  wire  is 

nearly  as  good  as  a  thick  copper  rod,  *  *  *  and  a  side 

flash  from  a  thin  iron  wire  is  actually  less  likely  to  occur 
than  from  a  stout  copper  rod. 

The  fact  that  an  iron  wire,  such  as  No.  5  or  even  No.  8, 
B.  W.  G.,  is  electrically  sufficient  for  all  ordinary  flashes 
and  that  resistance  is  not  a  thing  to  be  objected  to,  ren¬ 
ders  a  reasonable  amount  of  protection  to  a  dwelling  house 
much  cheaper  than  when  half-inch  copper  rod  or  tape  was 
thought  necessary. 

“Are  buildings  surrounded  by  trees  less  liable  to  be 
struck  than  if  standing  in  the  open?  Is  it  because 
of  vapor  rising  from  trees  that  lightning  is  attracted 
to  them?”  In  answer  to  these  and  the  next  ques¬ 
tion  it  may  be  said  that  the  highest  objects,  especi¬ 
ally  if  they  are  conductors,  are  most  likely  to  become 
paths  for  lightning  discharge,  for  the  reason  that 
they  make  the  depth  of  air,  which  is  a  non-conductor, 
between  the  ground  and  the  electrified  cloud,  less 
and  hence  easier  to  break  through.  Besides  this,  air 
charged  with  invisible  moisture  is  a  better  conductor 


834 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


than  dry  air,  and  if  the  transpiration  from  the  foliage 
of  the  trees  increases  the  humidity  of  the  air  to  a 
height  above  them,  it  makes  it  still  more  likely  that 
the  discharge  will  take  place  through  the  instrumen¬ 
tality  of  the  trees,  and  oftenest,  probably,  so  gradu¬ 
ally  as  not  to  be  observable,  and  in  this  way  doubt¬ 
less  offering  protection  to  the  house. 

“Why  is  it  that  the  electricity  striking  a  tree  near 
a  building  often  jumps  onto  the  building  instead  of 
following  the  tree  to  the  ground?”  When  an  intense 
lightning  discharge  takes  place  between  two  clouds, 
or  between  a  cloud  and  the  earth  or  some  object 
upon  it,  the  case  may  not  be  a  single  stroke,  but  the 
current  reverses  a  very  great  number  of  times  in  a 
second,  and  these  sudden  stoppings  and  reversals, 
when  the  amount  of  energy  to  be  dissipated  is  very 
great,  give  rise  to  a  tendency  for  a  part  of  the  cur¬ 
rent  to  flash  off  in  any  direction  which  may  offer 
less  resistance  than  the  path  itself.  Suppose  water 
were  flowing  very  rapidly  through  a  pipe  in  a  given 
direction.  If  this  current  were  stopped  instantane¬ 
ously  and  its  direction  reversed,  the  result  would  be 
'  a  violent  spurting  of  water  laterally  through  any 
possible  opening,  or  it  would  probably  shatter  the 
pipe  itself.  The  electric  current,  like  water,  has  in¬ 
ertia,  and  behaves  under  these  checks  and  reversals 
much  as  water  would.  In  accordance  with  the  same 
principle  there  is  a  tendency  for  side  flashes  to  occur 
from  lightning  conductors,  and  it  is  thought  that  be¬ 
cause  iron  more  rapidly  absorbs  or  transforms  the 
electric  current  into  heat,  thus  reducing  the  number 
of  oscillations,  it  reduces  the  danger  for  side  flashes 
more  than  the  better  conducting  copper,  although  this 
is  not  the  only  cause  of  the  difference  in  the  relative 
impedance  of  the  two  metals. 

“Is  any  metal  roof  safe  unless  grounded,  and  ought 
points  to  be  placed  on  the  peaks  of  such  roofs?”  The 
roof  itself  would  be  safe,  but  there  would  be  danger 
to  the  structure  below  if  it  were  not  well  grounded. 
If  it  were  grounded  by  a  few  wires  and  the  building 
were  struck  by  one  of  the  heavy  alternating  bolts  the 
conductors  might  not  be  sufficient  to  prevent  side 
flashes  from  the  conductors  or  from  the  roof  along 
other  lines.  The  greater  the  number  of  wires  leading 
to  ground,  the  nearer  the  building  would  come  to 
being  enclosed  by  a  metal  cover  or  a  wire  cage,  and 
so  the  safer  it  would  be  against  the  most  violent 
strokes.  In  regard  to  points  it  is  generally  conceded 
that  every  point  helps  to  neutralize  the  cloud  above 
by  discharging  into  the  air  toward  it  the  opposite 
phase  of  electric  energy,  induced  upon  the  building, 
but  the  efficiency  of  a  single  point  is  relatively  so 
small  that  it  is  regarded  as  not  worth  while  to  try 
to  install  a  great  number  of  non-corrosive,  expensive 
points.  It  is  found  by  experiment  that  it  is  only 
after  the  intensity  of  the  discharge  becomes  very 
great  that  the  efficiency  of  the  point  becomes  high, 
and  then  duller  points  are  practically  as  efficient,  so 
that  where  No.  3  telegraph  wire,  or  those  finer  down 
to  No.  8,  are  used  as  conductors,  the  ends  turned  up 
above  the  ridge  or  above  the  chimney,  and  filed  to  a 
blunt  point  or  cut  obliquely,  give  sufficiently  rapid 
discharge. 

“Would  you  advise  one  to  buy  a  good  rod  at  an 
advanced  price  or  pay  less  and  get  less?”  As  bearing 
upon  this  question  we  may  again  quote  Sir  Oliver 
Lodge.  He  says: 

A  recognition  of  all  the  chances  of  a  stroke  a  neighbor¬ 
hood  is  liable  to  doubtless  prevents  our  feeling  of  confi¬ 
dence  being  absolute  in  any  simple  system  of  dwelling 
house  protection  ;  but  at  the  same  time  an  amount  of  pro¬ 
tection  superior  to  what  has  been  in  reality  supplied  in  the 
past  is  attainable  at  a  far  less  outlay ;  while  for  an  ex¬ 
penditure  comparable  in  amount  to  that  at  present  be¬ 
stowed,  but  quite  otherwise  distributed,  a  very  adequate 
system  of  conductors  cau  be  erected. 

Wisconsin.  F.  h.  king. 


PREPARING  SOIL  FOR  GRASS  SEEDING. 

We  have  often  stated  that  soil  for  lawn  or  meadow 
seeding  should  be  “as  fine  as  an  ash  heap.”  Bulletin 
175  of  the'  Kansas  Experiment  Station  shows  a  photo¬ 
graph  of  soil  properly  fitted  by  the  side  of  a  poor  job. 
It  is  re-engraved  at  Fig.  321.  The  larger  particles  or 
lumps  would  be  considered  good  preparation  by  many 
farmers,  but  you  can  easily  see  that  fine  grass  seeds 
would  have  a  poor  show  in  such  soil.  At  the  left  is 
about  what  we  mean  by  “an  ash  heap.”  The  bulletin 
mentioned  is  one  of  the  best  on  grass  culture  that  we 
have  seen.  The  following  are  extracts: 

When  a  seed  bed  for  grasses  is  prepared  by  plowing  the 
land  should  be  plowed  several  weeks  or  months  before 
seeding  time  and  should  be  cultivated  at  intervals  to 
clear  it  of  weeds,  to  conserve  "the  soil  moisture  and  to  put 
the  soil  in  the  best  possible  condition.  The  seed  bed 
should  be  finished  with  a  level  mellow  surface,  but  with 
a  rather  compact  sub-surface  in  order  that  the  seed  may 
be  evenly  covered  and  brought  into  close  contact  with  the 
moist  soil.  If  it  is  necessary  to  plow  shortly  before 
seeding,  the  ground  should  be  made  firm  by  the  use  of  a 
sub-surface  packer,  or  a  heavy  pulverizing  roller.  The 


disk  harrow  may  be  made  to  do  the  work  of  the  sub-sur¬ 
face  packer  in  part  by  setting  the  disk  rather  straight  and 
by  weighting  the  harrow.  The  packing  and  pulverizing 
of  the  furrow  slice  is  especially  necessary  when  the  soil 
is  plowed  dry,  or  when  stubble,  trash  or  manure  are 
plowed  under.  If  the  furrow  slice  is  left  loose  and  un¬ 
pulverized  the  capillary  connection  of  the  soil  with  the 
subsoil  is  largely  broken,  and  the  soil  water  will  not  rise 
into  the  surface  soil  to  supply  the  germinating  seed  and 
to  feed  the  roots  of  the  young  plants.  As  a  result  the 
seed  fails  to  germinate  well  or  the  plant  is  often  stunted 
in  growth.  In  such  a  seed  bed  the  crop  is  apt  to  freeze 
out  or  to  burn  out.  It  is  not  best  to  plow  under  coarse 
manure  or  a  heavy  growth  of  weeds  or  stubble  in  pre¬ 
paring  a  seed  bed  for  grasses.  If  the  soil  is  in  good 
physical  condition  a  good  seed  bed  may  be  prepared  by 
plowing  immediately  before  seeding,  provided  the  soil  is 
repacked  and  well  pulverized  as  described  above,  but  this 
is  often  a  more  expensive  method  than  the  disking  or 
early  plowing  methods.  It  is  often  a  good  plan  to  disk 
the  ground  previous  to  plowing.  If  plowed  immediately 
after  disking  the  loosened  surface  is  in  better  condition  to 


SOIL  FITTED  FOR  GRASS.  Fig.  321. 


reunite  readily  with  the  subsoil  when  the  furrow  slice  is 
inverted.  If  the  plowing  is  delayed  the  ground  should 
remain  in  good  condition  for  plowing  for  a  longer  period 
during  dry  weather  than  land  which  has  received  no  cul¬ 
tivation.  Also  the  disked  surface  receives  and  retains 
moisture.  Hence  it  may  often  be  advisable  to  practice 
early  disking  of  large  areas  when  early  plowing  cannot  be 
accomplished. 


“THE  LAND  OF  HEART’S  DELIGHT.” 

A  Sucker  in  Southwest  Texas. 

Part  IV. 

POLITICAL  AFFLICTIONS.— Soon  after  pur¬ 
chasing  our  home  we  learned  that  the  county  seat  of 
tliis,  Starr  County,  was  on  the  bank  of  the  Rio 
Grande,  just  across  the  river  from  Mexico,  and  90  of 
the  longest  miles  I  ever  traversed  across  deep  sand 
most  of  the  way.  We  also  learned  that  the  county 
was  wholly  officered  with  Mexicans,  also  that  the 
Mexican  voting  population  was  largely  in  the  major¬ 
ity.  The  average  Mexican  officer  regards  an  office 
as  a  gift  or  purchase  from  the  party  because  of  his 
especial  fitness,  and  for  the  especial  honor  of  himself 
and  profit  for  himself  and  most  immediate  relatives. 
Thus  we  found  ourselves  under  Texas  laws,  executed 
by  Mexicans.  To  attend  court  one  must  either  travel 
by  private  conveyance  90  miles  over  a  very  sandy 
route  or  go  around  by  rail  about  250  miles  and  then 
part  of  the  way  by  automobile  or  hack.  To  prose¬ 
cute  a  criminal  requires  two  or  more  trips  to  Rio 
Grande  City,  and  many  crimes  go  unnoticed  officially 
here,  because  of  the  present  court  conditions.  We 
have  at  last  after  two  hard  efforts  with  the  Legisla- 
ture  got  Starr  County  divided,  and  we  hope  to  soon 


WATER  TROUGH  OF  CEMENT  BLOCKS.  Fig.  322. 


be  organized  and  keeping  house  for  ourselves  and 
will  be  known  as  Brooks  County. 

SECOND  YEAR'S  CROPS.— My  first  year’s  farm¬ 
ing  and  trucking  experience  having  taken  consider¬ 
able  of  my  money  and  some  of  my  nerve,  I  took  hold 
more  carefully  the  second  year.  The  land  intended 
for  onions  I  cultivated  nicely  and  planted  in  cow  peas 
during  Summer.  I  rented  10  acres  and  planted  in 
sorghum  for  a  feed  crop.  In  the  Spring  early  it  was 
so  dry  that  I  only  got  a  partial  stand.  In  July  I  had  a 
fair  crop  cut,  bound  and  shocked,  and  we  had  about 
10  days’  rain  that  ruined  most  of  it.  While  the  rain 
lasted  the  weeds  grew  so  fast  that  it  would  have  cost 
the  price  of  two  crops  to  clean  the  crop.  Right  here 
I  want  to  say  that  weeds  can  outgrow  any  crop  in  a 
very  few  days,  and  can  grow  faster  and  larger  here 
than  any  country  I  have  found  yet.  I  got  about  $60 
for  that  sorghum  crop.  The  rent  of  the  land  cost 
me  $30.  That  Spring  I  planted  a  half  an  acre  in  okra 


August  19, 

and  got  about  one-fourth  of  a  stand.  I  irrigated  and 
cultivated  it  well,  and  gathered  and  sold  $35  worth.  I 
had  about  200  hills  of  squashes  that  paid  well.  The 
Mexicans  would  come  and  buy  for  them  five  to  10 
cents  apiece,  when  they  were  quite  small  and  green, 
and  when  they  got  grown  they  would  pay  25  cents 
for  large  ones.  They  will  buy  small  green  squashes, 
or  pumpkins,  in  preference  to  any  other  vegetable. 
They  cook  them  with  'fresh  meat.  I  sold  from  these 
200  hills  $45  worth,  and  unlike  almost  every  other 
crop  I  had  tried  they  cost  me  but  little  money  or  labor. 
I  had  raised  a  few  eggplants  the  first  year  that  about 
paid  for  their  raising,  and  the  second  year  I  planted 
seed  about  June  20,  had  fair  success  in  raising  plants, 
sold  plants  enough  to  the  neighbors  to  pay  for  the  seed 
and  labor  of  raising  them.  I  transplanted  an  acre  and 
raised  and  sold  about  250  bushels  averaging  a'  out  60 
cents  per  bushel  net.  That  acre  paid  about  $60  over 
expenses.  There  was  an  immense  crop  of  them 
raised  that  year,  and  five  full  cars  were  shipped  from 
this  town,  besides  enough  was  sent  by  express  to  fill 
several  cars  more.  Those  shipped  by  freight  did  not 
average  five  cents  per  bushel  net.  I  planted  2'/2  acres 
of  onions  in  the  Fall  that  promised  well  about  33  days 
before  time  to  gather  them.  The  thrips,  or  onion  louse, 
began  on  them  and  I  went  to  spraying  with  coal  oil 
and  whale  oil  soap  emulsion.  I  sprayed  four  or  five 
times,  but  it  did  no  good  and  they  only  made  413 
bushel  crates  of  small  onions.  I  shipped  these  onions 
consigned  to  myself  at  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  “with  priv¬ 
ilege  of  stopping  at  Ft.  Worth,”  noted  on  the  bill  of 
lading.  I  left  on  the  train  ahead  of  the  freight  that 
took  my  car,  intending  to  stop  the  car  at  Fort  Worth, 
if  I  could  sell  them  there.  Finding  that  I  could  not 
sell  there,  I  did  not  order  the  car  stopped  and  I  went 
on  to  Kansas  City.  I  waited  several  days  for  the  car 
and  had  the  agent  at  the  freight  office  hunt  it  up  by 
wire,  and  found  it  was  stopped  at  Ft.  Worth  and 
lay  there  six  days  waiting  for  orders.  When  I  did 
get  the  car  through  I  diverted  it  to  Wichita,  Ivan., 
where  it  arrived  10  da3’s  after  leaving  home,  which 
was  about  seven  days  longer  than  it  should  have  been 
in  transit,  for  the  next  car  shipped  arrived  in  Kan¬ 
sas  City  in  four  days  and  four  hours.  By  the  time  I 
got  this  car  to  Wichita  the  market  was  glutted,  and 
they  could  not  be  sold,  so  I  had  the  commission  house 
store  them  and  after  the  loss  of  storage  the  sales  aver¬ 
aged  62  cents  per  crate,  or  about  13  cents  per  crate 
less  than  it  cost  to  produce  and  place  on  board  the 
cars  as  light  a  crop  as  this  one  was.  The  commission 
man  who  sold  them  made  affidavit  that  the  unnecessary 
delay  damaged  me  to  the  amount  of  $336.90. 
Whether  I  will  ever  get  any  of  it  from  the  railway 
company  remains  to  be  seen.  .1  raised  four  acres  of 
German  millet  that  yielded  about  two  tons  per  acre. 
This  I  kept  for  my  own  use.  A  victim. 

(To  he  continued.) 


A  NEW  SYSTEM  OF  IRRIGATION. 

The  picture  on  first  page  of  R.  N.-Y.  for  July  29 
prompts  me  to  send  my  picture  of  “irrigating  the 
stock.”  These  boys  in  Fig.  323  are  supposed  to  be 
picking  berries,  but  with  the  mercury  registering  100° 
and  over  day  after  day,  “irrigation”  was  more  popular 
than  the  berry  field.  clara  r.  roper. 

Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y. 

R.  N.-Y. — We  do  not  blame  the  boys.  Let  this  be 
an  extra  argument  for  a  swimming  pool  and  a  good 
bathroom  on  every  farm.  Some  of  the  experts  are 
telling  of  their  prize  live  stock,  but  there  is  nothing 
ahead  of  the  human  stock — mother  and  the  children. 
Water  them  ! 


A  LATE-SOWN  HAY  CROP. 

Is  there  any  crop  that  I  can  sow  in  late  Summer  which 
will  give  a  fair  crop  of  hay  this  Fall?  s.  u. 

New  Jersey. 

We  have  tried,  with  fairly  good  results,  the  seed¬ 
ing  of  oats  and  barley,  oats  and  Canada  field  peas, 
also  barley  and  Canada  field  peas,  as  a  late  Summer 
and  Fall  crop,  and  have  succeeded,  I  believe,  about 
three  years  out  of  five  in  producing  a  satisfactory 
crop.  The  question  of  moisture  has  been  the  govern¬ 
ing  factor,  and  when  the  oats  and  barley  and  peas 
were  seeded  in  early  August,  and  the  Fall  rains  were 
little  more  than  the  average,  the  records  show  that  a 
very  satisfactory  crop  of  green  forage  or  hay  was 
harvested,  in  case  the  early  frosts  did  not  catch  the 
crop  before  it  was  harvested.  A  mixture  of  a  bushel 
of  oats,  a  bushel  of  Canada  field  peas,  and  two  pecks 
of  barley  would  be  satisfactory  if  seeded  in  a  pro¬ 
ductive  soil  during  early  August.  It  is  quite  necessary 
that  this  be  harvested  before  a  killing  frost,  for  if 
nipped  the  animals  would  not  eat  it. 

After  our  crop  of  oats  and  Canada  field  peas, 
which  is  harvested  usually  the  last  of  June  or  the 
first  of  July,  we  have  had  very  astonishing  yi  Ids  of 
cow  peas  and  Kaffir  corn,  using  a  bushel  and  a  peck 
of  cow  peas  and  12  to  14  quarts  of  Kaffir  corn. 
While  it  is  rather  difficult  to  cure  the  cow  peas  for 
hay,  we  have  had  most  excellent  results  by  mixing 
the  cow  peas  and  Kaffir  corn  with  the  corn  silage, 
running  it  in  the  silo.  f.  c.  minkler. 

N.  J.  Exp.  Station. 


1911. 


836 


\THEC  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


MORE  EXPERIENCE  WITH  VETCH. 

Moisture  Needed  When  Seeding. 

Undoubtedly  hundreds  of  R.  N.-Y.  readers  are 
planning  to  sow  vetch.  Having  used  this  as  a  soil 
improver,  I  can  say  that  if  used  for  that  purpose 
alone,  that  is,  plowed  under,  upon  some  kinds  of  soil, 
results  will  be  obtained  that  will  be  an  agreeable  sur¬ 
prise.  To  repeat  something  that  appeared  above  my 
signature  a  year  or  two  ago  may  interest  some  who 
did  not  read  it.  I  selected  a  small  knoll  in  a  field 
of  very  poor  soil.  This  one-fourth  acre  selected  for 
the  test  was  so  poor  that,  to  use  the  expression  of  a 
neighbor,  it  would  not  raise  a  disturbance.  A  strip 
the  width  of  this  plot  was  heavily  manured  and  planted 
to  sweet  corn  for  fodder  and  potatoes. 

Where  the  vetch’  and  oats  were  sown 
no  manure  was  hauled.  I  had  hoped  to 
get  some  fine  hay  from  this  mixture  of 
oats  and  vetch,  but  they  lodged  so  badly 
that  they  were  left  undisturbed.  The 
next  Fall  I  visited  this  farm,  and  the 
man  living  there  asked  how  much 
manure  I  had  put  on  ‘‘that  high  spot 
next  to  the  lane.”  When  told  that  no 
manure  had  been  put  upon  it  the  pre¬ 
vious  Spring — well,  he  invited  me  to  go 
and  look  at  the  field.  The  field  had 
been  planted  in  the  Spring  to  oats. 

Where  the  oats  and  vetch  had  been,  the 
stubble  lay  flat,  showing  that  the  oats 
had  lodged,  while  the  rest  of  the  field 
showed  no  evidence  of  the  oats  having 
lodged,  even  where  I  had  manured  it 
heavily  for  the  fodder  corn  and  pota¬ 
toes. 

Much  seed  will  be  lost  unless  there  is 
an  abundance  of  moisture.  Two  years 
ago  I  sowed  a  few  acres  of  vetch  in  a 
field  of  corn.  A  light  shower  during 
the  night  and  frequent  light  ones  dur¬ 
ing  the  next  day  and  more  apparently  coming  in¬ 
duced  me  to  sow  the  vetch  and  cultivate  it  in.  But 
the  prospective  showers  did  not  come,  and  I  had  only 
about  a  one-per-cent  stand.  The  amount  of  moisture 
would  have  been  enough  to  start  wheat  or  rye.  The 
next  two  years  this  same  field  was  planted  to  corn, 
and  each  year  we  had  plenty  of  vetch.  That  ground 
has  a  liberal  sprinkling  of  vetch  seed,  which  will 
show  up  for  years,  as  each  time  the  field  is  plowed 
only  a  portion  comes  near  enough  to  the  surface  to 
grow.  I  do  not  mention  this  to  discourage  the  use 
of  vetch,  but  to  call  attention  to  one  of  the  ways  in 
which  it  may  become  a  nuisance  upon  a  farm.  Be 
sure  you  have  the  mois- 


the  circular  fire  box  a  few  inches  above  the  bottom. 
A  grate  of  this  kind  can  be  easily  removed  with  the 
fire  and  ashes  when  necessary  to  clean  out  the  fire 
box.  The  draught  may  be  regulated  by  means  of  a 
damper  in  the  door,  and  also  one  in  the  chimney,  if 
desired.  The  inlet  pipe  has  a  float  valve  connected 
to  it  which  keeps  the  water  in  the  trough  at  the  de¬ 
sired  level.  An  overflow  pipe  is  also  installed  to  take 
oft'  the  excess  of  water  in  case  the  float  valve  refuses 
to  work.  These  pipes  can  be  placed  to  suit  the  needs 
of  the  builder,  but  it  is  better  not  to  incase  them  in 
the  cement  wall.  The  pipes  may  need  to  be  changed 
or  replaced,  and  if  they  were  in  the  cement  wall  the 
trough  would  need  to  be  considerably  damaged  in  or¬ 


IRRIGATION  FOR  THE  BERRY  PICKERS.  Fir,.  323. 


der  to  remove  them.  Always  provide  a  way  to  drain 
the  water  completely  from  the  trough  so  that  it  may 
be  easily  cleaned.  This  may  be  done  by  running  a 
two-inch  pipe  from  the  center  or  lowest  place  in  the 
bottom  of  the  trough  to  the  outside,  or  into  the 
drain,  with  a  gate  valve  somewhere  in  the  pipe  that 
can  be  easily  opened  and  closed.  The  trough  should 
have  covers  to  keep  in  the  heat  that  has  been  gene¬ 
rated  by  the  fire  under  the  water. 

As  with  cement  work  of  any  kind,  the.  foundation 
of  the  watering  trough  should  be  well  made.  It 
should  be  put  below  the  frost  line,  and  should  extend 
a  few  inches  outside  of  the  wall  proper.  It  is  also  a 


proximately  $96.  The  high  cost  of  this  case  was 
partly  due  to  expensive  labor  and  cost  of  some  of 
the  materials  used.  They  cost  more  than  wooden  or 
galvanized  iron  troughs  of  the  same  capacity,  but 
when  built  right  will  last  much  longer  than  many 
wooden  or  iron  ones.  The  construction  can  be  made 
much  simpler  than  shown  in  the  illustration,  and 
hence  much  cheaper.  chas.  h.  spurway. 

Ingham  Co.,  Mich. 

EXPERIENCE  IN  SCHOOL  GARDENING. 

It  is  the  custom  in  this  country  to  have  country 
school  during  the  Fall  and  Winter  months  only,  at 
most,  the  holding  of  school  being  optional  with  trus¬ 
tees.  We  live  in  a  small  district  with  a 
population,  between  the  ages  of  six  and 
21,  of  about  25,  and  after  five  months’ 
school,  during  last  Fall  and  last  Win¬ 
ter,  our  public  school  money  was  used. 
After  a  vacation  of  a  few  weeks,  by 
means  of  contributions  of  some  resi¬ 
dents  of  the  district,  we  hired  a  teacher 
for  two  months  of  Spring  school.  The 
contract  with  the  teacher  stipulated  that 
a  portion  of  the  school  yard  must  be 
planted  with  common  garden  and  farm 
seeds  during  school  hours,  watch  ger¬ 
mination  of  seeds  and  cultivate  the 
plants  during  the  two  months,  after 
which  pupils  were  to  be  met  at  inter¬ 
vals  at  the  school  house,  and  tillage 
and  observation  of  growth  thus  con¬ 
tinued  throughout  the  season. 

This  idea  of  practical  instruction  in 
farming  has  been  a  pet  notion  of  mine 
for  a  number  of  years,  and  although  I 
have  lived  in  various  localities,  I  had 
never  seen  anything  of  the  kind  in  con¬ 
nection  with  public  school  work.  The 
results  of  our  experiment  have  been 
quite  satisfactory.  The  book  study  in  arithmetic,  read¬ 
ing,  spelling,  grammar,  etc.,  was  carried  on  regularly 
with  the  outdoor  work,  and  the  teacher  stated  that 
work  with  the  books  was  fully  as  satisfactory  as  she 
had  ever  seen  anywhere.  No  teacher  could  be  found 
experienced  in  teaching  agriculture,  so  of  course  the 
work  was  somewhat  crude,  but  results  have  been  so 
good  that  a  lot  of  enthusiasm  has  been  expressed  by 
everyone  concerned.  Now  we  wish  to  know  if  any¬ 
thing  of  this  kind  has  come  to  your  notice,  and  also 
if  you  know  of  any  source  from  which  definite  in¬ 
struction  can  be  obtained  in  this  work. 


Benton  Co.,  Ark. 


ture  to  start  the  seed, 
then  sow  as  much  as 
you  can  find  room  for, 
and  do  not  stop  at  the 
apparent  high  cost,  as 
this  is  very  insignificant 
compared  to  the  benefit 
resulting.  At  least  that 
is  the  writer’s  experi¬ 
ence  upon  two  different 
kinds  of  soil.  It  may 
disappoint  others,  but  I 
should  not  hesitate  to 
give  it  a  trial. 

Ohio.  J.  d.  prickett. 

CEMENT  TROUGH. 

Many  farmers  are  be¬ 
ginning  to  realize  the 
value  of  cement  con¬ 
struction  of  all  kinds 
upon  the  farm.  Fig.  322 
shows  a  good  watering 
trough  made  of  cement 
blocks,  and  coated  on 
the  inside  with  a  rich 
mixture  of  cement.  Con¬ 
crete  can  be  used  in 
constructing  the  trough, 
but  this  necessitates  the 
use  of  forms  of  some  kind.  An  iron  pipe  12  inches 
in  diameter  serves  as  a  fire  box,  and  a  five-inch  pipe 
fastened  to  it  does  duty  as  a  chimney.  The  joint  be¬ 
tween  these  two  pipes  must  be  securely  fastened  and 
water-tight.  As  these  troughs  are  usually  located 
close  to  buildings  where  the  danger  from  fire  is  great, 
they  should  have  a  tight-fitting  iron  door  in  front  of 
the  fire  box,  and  perhaps,  as. an  extra  precaution,  a 
fine  mesh  screen  fastened  in  the  chimney  to  prevent 
sparks  from  gaining  an  exit  that  way.  A  grate  for 
the  fire  to  rest  upon  can  be  provided  by  bending  or 
welding  together  iron  rods  of  a  sufficient  length  and 
width  to  carry  enough  fire  and  rest  on  the  sides  of 


JULY  CROPS  ON  A  NEW  JERSEY  FARM.  Fig.  324 


good  plan  to  build  a  cement  platform  around  the 
trough,  but  if  this  is  considered  to  be  too  expensive, 
the  ground  around  the  trough  should  be  graded  so 
that  there  is  a  slope  away  from  the  trough  to  carry 
away  the  water  that  is  sure  to  be  spilled  there,  and 
not  let  it  accumulate  and  form  a  puddle  in  which  the 
stock  will  need  to  stand  while  drinking. 

The  cost  of  a  trough  of  this  kind  will  vary  accord¬ 
ingly  as  the  cost  of  labor  and  materials,  and  these 
will  be  more  or  less  expensive  in  different  communi¬ 
ties.  These  things  make  it  hard  to  give  more  than 
an  approximate  estimate  on  construction  work  of 
this  kind.  The  trough  in  the  illustration  cost  ap- 


c.  E.  SLOCUM. 

R.  N.-Y. — This  is  one 
of  the  most  important 
things  connected  with 
country  schools.  There 
are  probably  other  cases 
which  our  readers  know 
about.  We  would  like 
the  experience  of  others. 


AN  ACTOR’S  FARM. 

As  you  see  by  my 
letterhead,  farming  has 
not  been  my  trade  for 
such  a  long  space  of 
time,  and  when  the 
fruits  and  vegetables 
grow  so  as  to  make  any 
showing  I  feel  very 
proud  of  my  efforts. 
This  year,  as  every 
farmer  knows,  has  been 
very  hard  on  all  kinds 
of  produce,  and  mine 
made  such  a  good  show¬ 
ing  under  conditions  un¬ 
favorable  that  I  took  a 
photograph  of  some  of 
the  vegetables,  etc., 
w  h  i  c  h  constitute  my 
July  crop  from  Jersey 
soil ;  see  Fig.  324'.  I 
have  in  quite  a  good-sized  piece  of  field  corn,  and  al¬ 
though  we  have  had  such  a  severe  drought,  my  corn 
is  over  12  and  14  feet  high.  Although  I  take  quite 
an  assortment  of  farm  papers,  without  any  jolly,  bluff 
or  hot  air,  I  wish  to  state  I  think  The  R.  N.-Y.  is  the 
most  helpful,  instructive  and  interesting  of  all;  in 
fact  I  think  it  is  a  paper  that  would  be  appreciated 
by  many  people  not  farmers.  a.  d.  allen. 

New  Jersey. 


Will  the  germs  of  white  diarrhoea  affect  ducklings  the 
same  as  chicks?  We  understand  that  experiments  are  made 
feeding  the  germs  to  young  ducks.  They  grew  fat  on  the 
food.  This  disease  seems  to  affect  chicks  alone. 


«3t$ 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


August  19, 


FERTILIZERS  FOR  THE  STRAWBERRY. 

.4.  11.  8.,  Cortland,  A7.  Y. — In  a  recent 
issue  I  find  among  strawberry  questions 
one  about  fertilizers.  It  seems  to  me  that 
last  year  you  named  one  more  ingredient  in 
the  compound  for  fertilizing  a  strawberry 
bed ;  however,  if  the  answer  to  question 
first  is  all  right,  my  first  inquiry  is  an¬ 
swered.  Do  you  believe  stable  manure  con¬ 
tains  all  necessary  properties  for  straw¬ 
berry  plants,  or  does  it  tend  to  the  produc¬ 
tion  of  too  much  foliage,  almost  a  fault 
with  the  Brandywine?  Do  you  think  fertil¬ 
izing  the  plants  when  first  berries  are  well 
developed  would  help  the  later  berries  to 
larger  size  and  less  seediness?  If  so,  would 
the  formula  given  be  all  right?  Is  there 
danger  of  disturbing  the  plants  to  the  in¬ 
jury  of  the  fruit  by  cutting  off  runners 
while  berries  are  setting? 

Ans. — The  mixture  suggested  was 
one  part  nitrate  of  soda,  three  of  fine 
bone  and  one  muriate  of  potash.  In 
former  answers  we  have  suggested  two 
parts  acid  phosphate  and  one  part  bone 
in  place  of  all  bone.  Stable  manure 
alone  will  make  fine  leaf  and  stem,  but 
with  us  does  not  give  as  large  a  crop 
of  berries.  The  manure  is  rich  in  nitro¬ 
gen.  Thi<s  forces  vine  growth,  but  pot¬ 
ash  and  phosphoric  acid  are  needed  to 
produce  the  best  berries.  Our  plan  is 
lo  mulch  with  stable  manure  and  then 
use  bone  and  potash  in  Summer.  We 
would  not  use  nitrate  of  soda  where 
manure  is  used.  Of  course  all  know 
that  fine  berries  are  produced  when 
nothing  hut  manure  is  used.  When 
plant  food  must  be  bought  it  is  econ¬ 
omy  to  use  bone  and  potash  with  the 
manure,  or  in  addition  to  it..  The 
Marshall  is  the  finest  flavored  berry 
we  have  grown,  but  does  not  yield 
enough  for  a  successful  commercial 
berry.  It  is  not  likely  that  fertilizing 
while  the  berries  are  developing  would 
do  much  good  for  that  crop.  A  little 
nitrate  of  soda  might  force  a  larger 
growth.  You  must  remember  that  the 
fruit  buds  of  the  strawberry,  like  those 
of  peach  and  apple,  are  produced  dur¬ 
ing  the  late  Summer  and  Fall.  They 
pass  the  Winter  and  develop  the  fol¬ 
lowing  year  if  not  winter-killed.  There¬ 
fore  the  time  to  fertilize  for  fruit  is  in 
late  Summer,  when  these  buds  are 
forming.  This  is  particularly  true  of 
beds  which  are  being  fruited  the  second 
or  third  time.  The  only  danger  in  cut¬ 
ting  off  runners  while  fruit  is  forming 
is  in  smashing  the  fruit  or  breaking  the 
fruit  spurs. 

Hidebound  Tree. 

M.  R.,  Michigan. — What  is  the  trouble  of 
apple  trees  known  as  hide  hound?  This  dis¬ 
ease  is  frequently  mentioned  in  talking 
about  the  trees,  but  is  not  wry  well  under¬ 
stood. 

Ans. — I  do  not  believe  there  is  any 
such  trouble  as  “hide  bound”  in  apple 
trees  or  any  other  kind.  There  are 
many  cases  of  insufficient  nourishment 
from  many  causes  and  slow  growth  or 
debility  as  the  result.  But  if  there  is 
vigor  in  the  tree  there  will  be  no 
trouble  about  the  bark  growing  as  fast 
as  the  wood  expands  inside  of  it. 
Nature  balances  the  growth  of  wood 
and  bark  perfectly.  A  new  layer  of 
each  is  made  annually.  There  might  be 
cases  where  the  old  outside  bark  seem 
to  hold  the  interior  growth  in  check, 
but  the  force  of  cellular  formation  is 
too  great  to  do  so.  The  bark  will 

i  rack  and  expand  to  suit  the  demand. 
That  is  what  makes  rough  and  corru¬ 
gated  bark.  It  is  dead  bark  outside 
the  living.  Some  may  say  that  they 
have  slit  the  old  bark  of  trees  and  the 
new  growth  made  a  wide,  fresh  seam, 
and  so  it  did.  This  I  have  often  seen 
and  done  myself,  but  I  do  not  think 

the  slitting  made  the  tree  grow  any 

faster  than  if  it  had  not  been  done.  It 
is  quite  probable  that  the  slitting  did 
cause  the  expansion  to  he  more  prom¬ 
inent  at  the  places  where  the  slits  were 
made  than  elsewhere.  But  do  whatever 
will  cause  vigorous  growth  of  the  en¬ 
tire  tree  and  the  bark  will  take  care  of 
itself.  There  will  be  no  harm  follow 
the  slitting  of  bark  except  the  possible 
chances  of  the  germs  of  blight  or 

canker  getting  into  the  tender  tissues 
more  easily  than  elsewhere.  This  might 
easily  occur,  and  does  so  in  some  cases, 
as  we  see  in  accidental  abrasions  of 
the  bark  of  pear  and  apple  trees. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEM  AN. 


Government  Crop  Report. — The  Winter 
wheat  yield  was  about  455.149.000  bush¬ 
els,  14  bushels  to  the  acre.  The  outlook 
for  other  crops  August  1  was:  Corn,  G9.6 
per  cent:  Spring  wheat.  59.8;  oats,  65.7; 
barley,  00.2 ;  buckwheat,  82.9 ;  potatoes, 
tf.2.3 ;  tobacco,  08 ;  flax,  71  ;  hay,  08.0 ; 
apples,  53.9.  These  are  all  below  the  10- 
y-ar  average  with  the  exception  of  apples, 
which  are  nine-tenths  of  one  per  cent 
above,  and  0.1  iter  cent  above  last  year. 
.Potatoes  are  22.5,  and  corn  12.6  below 
the  10-year  average. 


THE  CONSUMER’S  DOLLAR. 

(Under  this  heading  we  shall  print  facts 
showing  what  the  producer  receives  out 
of  the  retail  price  at  which  his  goods  are 
sold.  We  welcome  any  actual  figures  or 
reports — no  matter  what  they  show.] 

21  Cents  of  the  Dollar. 

The  following  is  taken  from  ’the  Wash¬ 
ington  Times  : 

"The  letter  from  Consumer  in  The  Times 
of  .Inly  27,  concerning  the  difference  be¬ 
tween  what  the  farmer  gets  for  his  products 
and  what  the  consumer  pays,  is  interesting, 
hut  he  states  the  case  very  mildly.  I  took 
a  trip  down  the  I’otomac .  last  week.  At 
the  landings  along  the  lower  part  of  the 
river  I  found  the  farmers  selling  tomatoes 
for  15  cents  a  basket,  delivered  on  the 
wharf.  Two  days  later,  in  the  Washing¬ 
ton  market,  I  asked  the  price  of  a  similar 
basket,  and  it  was  offered  me  for  05  cents. 
There  evidently  is  money  in  tomatoes,  but 
it  comes  out  of  the  pockets  of  the  con¬ 
sumer  and  the  farmer.  Some  plan  ought  to 
be  perfected  whereby,  through  co-operative 
associations  or  in  some  other  manner,  these 
two  most  vitally  interested  parties  could 
ho  brought  together  to  their  mutual  advan¬ 
tage.  R,  S.  Moore.” 

Potatoes  at  Topeka,  Kansas. 

The  following  items  appeared  in  the  daily 

papers : 

"Topeka,  July  10. — Topeka  women  are 
boycotting  potatoes  because  of  the  high 
prices  demanded  by  the  commission  men, 
and  it  is  asserted  that  the  consumption  of 
spuds  has  fallen  off  to  one-third  the  usual 
quantity.  In  place  of  potatoes  the  women 
are  using  beans  and  other  vegetables.  The 
result  was  that  potatoes  became  a  drug 
on  the  market  and  commission  men  hur¬ 
riedly  shipped  out  their  surplus  supplies 
to  save  themselves  from  loss.  As  it  was 
hundreds  of  bushels  of  potatoes  spoiled  dur¬ 
ing  the  hot  weather.” 

We  have  learned  to  discount  many  of 
those  newspaper  stories  so  we  sent  to  a 
reader  in  Topeka.  Here  is  his  report ; 

"I  know  that  potatoes  were  selling  at 
.$3  a  bushel  for  a  week  or  two,  and  it  is 
a  fact  that  people  quit  eating  them.  1  do 
think  that  it  was  a  robbery  on  the  part  of 
our  commission  men.  I  was  told  that  one 
of  our  commission  men  made  $750  on  three 
carloads  in  one  week,  but  this  is  only 
hearsay.  Potatoes  now  are  selling  for  35 
cents  a  peck,  not  very  nice  ones  at  that. 
What  we  need  in  this  town  is  a  public 
markethbuse  where  the  producer  could  sell 
direct  to  the  people,  hut  this  the  commis¬ 
sion  men  and  growers  will  not  stand  for. 
The  clipping  speaks  about  women  using 
beans  and  other  vegetables  in  place  of  pota¬ 
toes.  1  don't  know  where  they  would  get 
them.  Beans  arc  about  as  scarce  as  pota¬ 
toes;  that  is,  green  beans.  Tomatoes  are 
now  selling  at  12  cents  a  pound.  As  to 
potatoes  having  spoiled  during  the  hot 
weather,  I  have  heard  nothing  about  it. 
Commission  men  would  keep  that  pretty 
quiet.” 

Nearly  the  Whole  Dollar. 

We  grow  only  apples  and  red  currants, 
and  we  have  for  the  apples  a  fancy  family 
trade.  We  sell  only  A  No.  3  fruit  to  our 
customers.  We  spray  lime-sulphur  with 
powdered  arsenate  of  lead  1-40-2%.  We 
practice  thinning  apples.  We  charged  in 
Rail  of  1910  according  to  my  notebook  for 
McMahon  apples  $2  per  bushel,  same  price 
for  Wealthy,  and  §1.80  for  Alexander.  In 
Fall,  1909,  we  received  for  Northwestern 
Greenings  §1.7 5  per  bushel  and  §1.25  for 
No.  2  Greenings.  We  had  no  Greenings 
in  1910.  The  red  currants  (Wilder) 
which  we  sold  to  the  grocers  in  1911 
brought  §1.35  a  case  of  10  quarts.  We 
bring  our  currants  to  two  grocers  who 
know  us  and  our  fruit,  and  pay  us  our 
price.  The  grocers  charged  this  year  from 
10  to  12  cents  per  quart  of  rod  currants. 
We  have  a  row  of  black  Naples  currants 
for  which  we  charged  the  grocer  §2  per  case 
of  10  quarts,  and  the  grocer  sold  these 
berries  to  certain  of  liis  customers  for  §2.50 
per  case.  Some  of  the  Scotch  families  pay 
fancy  prices  for  black  currants,  but  the 
trade  is  small  and  the  good  quality  of  the 
black  currants  is  not  known  to  most  of 
the  families.  w.  a.  r. 

Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Consumer’s  Partly  at  Fault. 

Cost  of  living  is  largely  due  to  the  general 
extravagance  and  lack  of  system  of  the 
whole  body  of  the  people.  My  grocer  does 
a  nice  business;  he  and  his  wife  and  son 
do  nearly  all  the  work,  and  I  know  they 
live  economically,  and  it  is  all  they  can  do 
to  get  another  son,  no  spendthrift,  through 
college.  But  we  Americans  must  have  cer¬ 
tain  things  in  a  certain  way.  We  do  not 
buy  in  quantity,  and  have  one  delivery  pro¬ 
vide  for  many  days;  most  of  them  buy  only 
the  day’s  needs,  a  few  cents  of  this  and  a 
few  cents  of  that,  which  must  be  delivered,  j 
and  the  cost  of  delivering  may  equal  the 
first  cost  of  the  article.  Then  the  gullibility 
of  the  public;  they  cannot  buy  farina  or 
oatmeal  or  other  cereals  in  hulk  and  know 
What  they  are  paying.  They  must  have 
advertised  brands  in  cartons,  sold  at  twice 
what  they  are  intrinsically  worth.  Parcels 
post  in  some  things  would  help  distribute 
or  divide  these  profits  on  some  articles  be¬ 
tween  producer  and  consumer,  hut  not  en¬ 
tirely,  as  the  consumers  are  too  careless 
and  would  not  change  their  methods. 

C.  L.  M. 

Potatoes  by  Weight,  Public  Markets. 

“Chicago,  August  4. — Potatoes,  which 
have  not  been  so  high  for  years  as  they 
are  now,  will  be  sold  by  weight  hereafter 
in  Evanston,  a  fashionable  suburb,  instead 
of  by  measure.  So  many  complaints  of 
short  measure  by  grocers  came  to  City 
Sealer  Twigg  that  he  took  the  matter  be¬ 
fore  Justice  Boyer,  who  entered  an  order 
that  potatoes  be  weighed  instead  of  meas¬ 
ured. 

The  public  markets  at  Des  Moines,  Iowa 
and  South  Bend.  Ind.,  are  very  successful. 
Consumers  deal  direct  with  farmers  and 
both  save.  This  is  the  solution  of  the 
problem  in  many  places. 


THESE  WHEAT  HEADS 


arc  from  an  actual  photograph.  See  how  compactly  the  spikelets  of  grains 
—four  abreast — are  arranged.  From  10  Acres  and  69TVc25  Perches  of 
thisjwheat  on  our  farm  we  secured  a  yield  of  480  Bushels  and  9  Pounds,. 

46  Bushels ,  and  1 0  Ounces  Per  Acre 
The  Straw  Weighed  40,230  Pounds 

Our  business  is  growing  wheat  for  seed.  We  have  varieties  that 
greatly  outyield  the  common  sorts.  We  grow  upon  a  large 
ecale.  Clean  and  grade  with  the  best 

We  are  so  confi¬ 
dent  of  the 
ity  of  the  wheat 
we  ship  that  we 
invite  customers  to  return 
it  and  pay  their  money  back  with 
round-trip  freight — if  upon  its  arrival  they  find  it 
other  than  first-class,  (The  customer  to  be  the  judge.)  In 
this  small  space  we  can  only  hint  of  the  help  we  can  give  to 
progressive  wheat  growers. 


OUR  SEED  WHEAT  CATALOG  FOR  1911 

now  ready,  is  an  authority  on  wheat  varieties.  It  contains  photographs — 
not  drawings — of  big  crops  we  have  grown.  It  points  the  way  for. better 
things  in  wheat  culture  It  is  Free.'  Ask  for  it  in  time. 


A.  H.  HOFFMAN,  BAMFORD,  LANCASTER  CO.,  PA. 


LAND  LIME 

AUGUST  is  the  Time  to  Sow  ALFALFA 
without  a  “Nurse  Crop,”  but  ALFALFA 
WILL  NOT  THRIVE  WITHOUT  LIME. 

OUR  LAND  LIME  is  especially 
suited  to  the  needs  of  ALFALFA 
as  it  contains  the  quickly  soluble  “quick 
lime”  which  will  feed  the  plant  this 
Fall,  and  the  slowly  acting  calcium  car¬ 
bonate,  which  will  act  next  Spring. 
LAND  LIME  requires  no  slaking,  does 
not  burn  the  HUMUS  in  the  soil,  and 
can  be  spread  with  a  drill.  The  Ex¬ 
periment  Stations  recommend  applying 
about  one  ton  of  Lime  per  acre.  Why 
not  try  raising  a  small  patch  this  Fall  ? 
Write  for  prices,  circulars  and  samples. 


THE  SOLV AY  PROCESS  CO. 

SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 


Seed  Wheat  and  Rye 

ST.  LOUIS*  PRIZE,  RED  WAVE  and  LEW’S 
PROLIFIC  WHEAT 

NEW  PITCUS  RYE— A  Very  Superior  New  Variety 

Hairy  Vetch.  Alfalfa  ami  Grass  Seeds  of  highest 

grade  at  right  prices.  Please  ask  for  price  list. 

JOSEPH  HARRIS  CO., 


COLD  WATER 

NEW  YORK 


SHYER  LEAF  CHOICE  RED  SEED  WHEAT 

for  sale,  weighing  Si  poundR  to. the  bushel  (limited 
quantity).  Apply  to  CHAS.  0.  SMITH,  Fairground,  N.  Y. 

errn  11/111?  A  T  GjP«y>  Mediterranean, 

ijLLU  WilLAl  I*udy,  Flats  and  Main.  Kye — All 
rc, -leaned  imd  graded.  Sum  pies 
and  cataiogfree.  W.  N.  SCARF,  New  Carlisle,  Ohio. 

fippH  W h ao+  Read's Verment.  Now vari. 
occu  WW  IlCai  ety ,  sown  Sept.  30.  A ver- 
yield  56  bus.  to  acre.  Big  money  in  wheat.  Write 
for  circular.  G.  A.  Read.  Read's  E*p.  Farms,  Charlotte. Vt. 

‘Wf  Best  Seed  Wheats 

Come  from  Maplewood,  acknowledged  the  leading 
Seed  Wheat  Kami  of  America.  Not  the  cheapest, 
hut  the  very  best,  and  most  value  for  money  asked. 
Y\  rite  to-day  for  price  list,  samples  and  reports  of 
customers  who  have  tried  our  wheats.  Also  Short- 
ill'nm  cuinnn  ginr.*,,  Jik’Fb-  ?n<l  WOOl-limttOn  ShrOpS. 

MAPLEWOOD  STOCK  AND  SEED  FARMS,  Allenan.  Michigan. 

TIMOTHY  SEED  am'  !,lsike,  both  new  crop, 

L  A?  '  *“U  without  a  sinele  weed. 
Also  alfalfa,  vetch  and  crimson  clover. 

O.  M.  Scott  <fc  Son,  100  Main  St.,  Marysville,  Ohio. 

GOOD  SEED  WHFAT-From  t,le  best  wheat  sec- 

UUUU  OLLU  VYnCrtl  tion  in  0hi<>.  Varieties 
that  tiling  results — 35  to  48  bushels  per  acre.  Red 
\\  ave,  Gypsy,  White  Kul  tv..  Improved  Poole,  Har¬ 
vest  King,  Rudy.  Winter  King  and  Red  Wonder. 
iVT  1S.I  °F  Special  Wheat  Circular;  it's  free. 
MACE  &  MANSF1KI.I),  Greenville,  Ohio 


ALFALFA  WANTED 

Write  ait' 
can  ship. 


•WILL  BUY  lO 

_ OR  15  TONS 

quote  price  loaded,  and  say  when  you 

A.  W.  ELLIS,  10  High  St..  Boston,  Mass. 


APPi  E  TREES — -All  kinds  Trees  and  Plants 
...  .  ,  ^  Prices  reasonable.  Salcsmei 

Wanted.  Mitchell  s  Nursery,  Beverly,  Ohio 


TREES! 


The 


By  the  Millions.  A  complete  line 
at  wholesale  prices.  Large  supply 
of  peach  treos  and  Privet  Hedging. 

Westminster  Nursery,  Westminster,  Maryland 


APPLE  BARRELS-!;^. 

or  Hoops.  ROBT.  GILLIES,  Medina,  N.  Y. 


150  Farms !>; 


on  SALE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horace  <1.  Keeper,  Newtow  n,  Pa. 


We  Want  to  Start  a  Few 
Good,  Hustling  Men  in  a 
Paying  Business 


WE  want  to  get  in  touch  with  a  few 
good,  hurtling  men  who  want  to  earn 
from  $15  to  $20  a  day  from  a  small 
investment. 

Cutting  Buckeye  ditches  is  a  good, 
Staple  business  that  can  be  worked  for  nine 
or  ten  months  of  the  year.  Ditches  cut  with 
the  Buckeye  Traction  Ditcher  are  from 
25%  to  50%  cheaper  than  the  old  method. 
The  ditches  are  truer,  cleaner  cut  and  better. 
Farmers  are  demanding  them. 

A  Buckeye  Traction  Ditcher  will 
cut  bom  100  to  150  rods  of  ditch  per  day — - 
10  to  15  rods  an  hour — between  two  and 
three  feet  a  minute.  Figure  the  earnings 
for  yourself  at  the  average  price  paid  for 
ditch  digging  in  your  locality. 

Are  you  one  of  the  men  who  wants  to 
make  money  ? 

Write  to  day  for  Catalog  No.  3 

The  Buckeye  Traction  Ditcher  Co., 
Findlay,  Ohio. 


MELILOTUS 


The  choicest  and  one  of  the  best  soil  restorer*  known. 
We  have  a  fine  lot  of  seed  that  wo  can  retail  at  less 
than  ordinary  wholesale  prices.  Our  seed  is  hulled, 
yellow  blossom.  GUARANTEED  TO  GROW.  ThiB 
plant  is  also  a  splendid  preparation  for  alfalfa. 


ALFALFA 


All  northern  grown,  guaranteed  to  be 
99  per  cent  pure  and  free  from  dodder. 
Write  for  free  sample. 


THE  WING  SEED  COMPANY 


BOX  833  MECHANICSBURG,  OHIO 


ALFALFA 

All  Northern  grown,  guaranteed  to  be  99  percent 
pure  and  free  from  dodder.  Write  for  free  sampl* 
on  which  we  invite  you  to  get  Government  tests. 
This  seed  should  produce  hay  at  $60  per  acre)  an¬ 
nually.  Free  instructions  on  growing. 

GRAIN  AMD  GRASS  SEED 

Northern  grown  and  of  .strongest  vitality.  We 
handle  export  grade  only  and  can  furnirh  grass 
mixture  suitable  for  any  soils.  Write  for  catalog. 

W?NG  SEED  CO.,  Box  323  MecSianicsburjj,  0. 


800  GALLONS 
OR 

1500  GALLONS?  Dept.“N 

„  ,  and  new 

it  to  any  R.  R.  Station  in  the  IT.  S.  r 
§16.00;  10-gal.  cans,  §0.75;  5-gal  cans. 


A  few  years  ago  the  N.  V 
found  that  in  orchard 
of  “Scaiecide’ 


■ .  1  .  Experiment  Station  started  out  to  prove  that  “Scaiecide”  was  too  expensive,  but  they 
work  0  gals,  of  “Scaiecide”  went  as  far  as  17  gals,  of  Lime-Sulfur.  This  being  the  case,  a  barrel 


'.  will  bring  by  return  mail,  free,  our  book, “Modern  Methods  of  Harvesting,  Grading  and  Backing  Apples,” 
>•  booklet,  Beal  crude,  the  Tree-Saver.”  If  your  dealer  cannot  supply  you  with  “Scaiecide,”  we  will  deliver 


ea*o  Mississippi  and  north  of  the  Ohio  Rivers,  on  receipt  of  price.  50-gf 

is,  VS. i.).  Address,  it.  G.  Pratt  Company,  50  Church  Street,  New  York  City. 


al.  bbls.,  §25.00  ;  30-gal.  bbls.. 


1911. 


THE  RURAIi  NEW-VORKER 


837 


KNIFE  FOR  THINNING  CORN. 

To-day  I  was  shown  and  used  a  tool 
for  weeding  and  thinning  corn  in  the 
field.  It  works  so  well  and  is  so  simple 
I  must  let  your  readers  know  of  it. 
One  man  with  this  tool  will  do  with 
ease  the  work  of  five  men  without  it, 
and  do  it  better.  Anyone  can  make  it 
in  15  minutes.  The  old  back-breaking 

way  was  to  pull  the  surplus  corn,  at 
same  time  disturbing  the  roots  of  the 
corn  which  was  left.  With  the  new 
tool  no  roots  are  disturbed.  One  walks 
upright  and  does  two  rows  as  fast  as 
he  can  walk.  To  make  the  tool  get  a 
stick  about  30  inches  long,  like  a  stout 
cane ;  flatten  one  side  near  thg  big 
end  of  the  stick ;  screw  the  cutting 
blade  of  a  mowing  machine  on  the  flat¬ 
tened  portion  of  the  stick,  and  the  tool 
is  done.  Try  it.  It  does  not  look  as 
good  as  it  is,  but  try  it.  j.  G. 

Malvern,  Pa. 

AN  OLD  ORCHARD  REDEEMED. 

In  1910  a  party  bought  half  of  an  old 
apple  orchard  of  about  seven  acres  on  the 
Niagara  River.  Soon  after  the  owners 
came  to  me  and  asked  If  I  would  undertake 
the  task  of  redeeming  the  nearly  dead  trees. 
I  began  by  trimming  the  dead  wood  all  out, 
scraped  the  trees  with  a  hoe  as  high  up  as  I 
could  reach,  both  bodies  and  limbs,  then 
painted  stubs  where  limbs  were  sawed  off. 
Then  I  bought  three  barrels  of  soluble  oil 
and  proceeded  to  use  it  by  mixing  it  one  to 
12  of  water.  I  sprayed  the  orchard  on  all 
sides.  The  ground  was  plowed  and  culti¬ 
vated  and  kept  clean  all  the  year.  The  or¬ 
chard  leafed  out  in  good  shape,  and  was 
full  of  bloom.  After  the  blossoms  had 
fallen  I  sprayed  it  again  with  Bordeaux  mix¬ 
ture.  The  consequence  was  that  in  the  Fall 
the  owners  sold  $120  worth  of  apples, 
where  in  the  other  half  of  the  orchard  that 
was  not  sprayed  and  cultivated  there  were 
no  apples.  In  Spring  of  1911  the  orchard 
was  again  plowed  and  cultivated  and  re- 
trimmed  and  then  sprayed  by  using  one  bar¬ 
rel  of  oil  mixed  as  before.  The  foliage 
came  out  green  and  bright,  and  trees  blos¬ 
somed  full.  After  blossoms  had  fallen  I 
sprayed  again  with  lime  and  sulphur  and 
arsenate  of  lead,  and  will  spray  once  more 
with  the  same  mixture.  Prospects  are  very 
good  for  an  abundant  crop  of  apples  this 
season.  j.  c.  w. 

Lewiston,  N.  Y. 


What  Ailed  the  Vetch? 

I  sowed  300  pounds  of  Winter  or  Hairy 
vetch,  the  first  of  last  September,  with  one- 
half  bushel  of  rye  and  25  pounds  vetch  to 
the  acre.  The  ground  was  plowed  and  a 
good  seed  bed  made  before  sowing.  This 
vetch  came  up  very  well,  and  was  six  to 
eight  inches  high  when  Winter  set  in,  but 
this  Spring  there  was  no  vetch  to  be  seen. 
This  was  sown  on  light,  worn-out,  sandy 
soil.  Do  you  think  I  got  Spring  vetch? 
Does  it  need  inoculation?  e.  r. 

White  Pigeon,  Mich. 

I  am  confident  that  it  was  Spring  vetch 
instead  of  Hairy  vetch.  This  is  the  first  in¬ 
stance  I  have  ever  heard  of  its  freezing 
out.  On  the  W.  C.  Smith  farm,  of  poor, 
sandy  soil,  and  where  it  has  been  grown 
for  the  past  six  years,  it  has  stood  through 
the  severe  Winters  unharmed,  and  in  one 
instance  his  lowlands  were  covered  with 
flooded  ice  for  quite  a  while,  but  the  vetch 
came  through  all  right.  I  would  advise 
E.  R.  to  try  it  again,  even  if  on  only  a 
small  scale,  as  I  know  Hairy  vetch  is  just 
what  his  lands  need.  No  inoculation  is 
needed.  This  matter  has  been  well  shown 
on  the  farm  above  noted.  j.  rr.  haynes. 

Indiana. 


WEEDS  IN  THE  VINEYARD. 

Can  some  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  readers  say  if 
it  may  not  be  a  mistake  to  keep  a  vineyard 
clean  of  all  growth  of  weeds?  Now  the 
purslane  (“pusley”)  is  covering  the  ground, 
protecting  soil  from  the  intense  sun’s  rays, 
midday,  and  quite  cool  air  of  nights.  I 
have  kept  it  cultivated  and  hoed  down,  hut 
am  led  to  think  it  may  be  a  “plant  misun¬ 
derstood,”  and  that  it  was  really  a.  benefit. 
Will  some  answer?  c.  a.  i*. 

Highland,  N.  Y. 

My  plan  for  grapes  has  been  clean  cul¬ 
tivation  till  July  1,  and  sometimes  August 
1,  depending  on  crop  vines  were  carrying 
and  growth  of  new  wood.  We  then  let  the 
weeds  grow  so  as  to  keep  up  the  supply  of 
humus  in  the  soil.  The  time  that  cultiva¬ 
tion  should  cease  is  a  matter  that  each 
vine.vardist  must  decide  for  his  special  type 
of  soil,  remembering  that  late  cultivation 
■timulates  wood  growth  and  retards  ripen¬ 


ing  of  fruit  and  wood,  while  if  cultivation 
is  stopped  too  quickly  wood  and  fruit  may 
be  stunted.  B.  J.  case. 

Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y. 

I  think  clean  culture  to  August  1  much 
the  best  vineyard  practice ;  after  that 
weeds  or  a  cover  crop  will  do  no  harm, 
and  may  be  of  an  advantage.  As  to 
working  a  weed  crop  as  conserver  of  mois¬ 
ture  we  cannot  see  far  enough  ahead.  Wet 
soil  will  grow  weeds  very  fast.  Should  it 
turn  dry  and  hot,  working  deep  to  kill 
the  weeds  will  dry  the  soil  quickly  and  cut 
off  the  fine  feeding  roots  of  the  vines,  and 
check  growth  suddenly,  reducing  the  crop 
by  reducing  the  size  of  the  berry. 

Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.  e.  w.  barnes. 

After  the  middle  of  July  vineyardists  in 
this  section  welcome  such  weeds  as  purslane 
and  chickweed  in  their  vineyards.  They 
make  an  excellent  cover  crop,  and  after  the 
date  mentioned,  there  is  but  little  more 
growth  of  either  vine  on  bunch.  A  cover 
crop  tends  to  check  growth  and  hastens  ma¬ 
turity  and  early  ripening.  A  vineyard  kept 
entirely  clean  for  the  entire  season,  soon 
gets  the  soil  hard  and  lumpy  from  lack  of 
humus.  Weeds  are  much  better  than  no 
cover  crop.  Rye,  buckwheat  and  clover  are 
all  used  as  cover  crops,  but  75  per  cent  of 
the  vineyardists  use  weeds. 

Yates  Co.,  N.  Y.  e.  c.  gillett. 

Our  idea  here  is  to  plow  the  vineyards 
reasonably  early  in  Spring,  and  keep  thor¬ 
oughly  cultivated  until  about  first  of  Au¬ 
gust  ;  most  of  us  believe  in  some  sort  of 
cover  crop.  In  some  vineyards  soon  as 
cultivation  stops  a  heavy  growth  of  chick- 
weed  starts.  This  is  thought  well  of,  and 
where  it  grows  wells  other  crops  are  not 
usually  sown.  Protecting  soil  from  heat 
of  sun  in  early  part  of  season  is  a  new 
idea  to  me ;  I  don't  think  well  of  it,  as  wo 
find  the  hotter  the  weather  the  better  the 
grapes  grow.  After  grapes  get  full  size 
and  ripening  begins,  we  do  not  want  vino 
growth,  and  any  kind  of  cover  crop  that 
will  cover  ground  we  think  a  good  thing. 

Pennsylvania.  a.  i.  loop. 

I  think  it  a  mistake  to  keep  a  vineyard 
perfectly  clean,  unless  the  owner  has 
plenty  of  yard  manure,  or  recourse  is  had 
to  a  yearly  cover  crop,  and  this  last  is  not 
sufficient  to  maintain  the  humus  or  proper 
soil  texture,  for  the  reason  that  it  must  be 
plowed  before  sufficient  growth  has  been 
made  in  the  Spring.  Otherwise  if  a  dry 
season  ensues  the  cover  crop  has  used  the 
moisture  necessary  to  carry  the  vines  and 
trouble  ensues.  I  once  made  the  mistake 
of  letting  a  heavy  growth  of  Crimson 
clover  stand  until  it  was  two  feet  high, 
about  the  10th  of  June,  I  think,  in  the 
expectation  of  a  wet  time.  The  rains  did 
not  materialize  and  the  vineyard  did  not 
recover  in  three  or  four  years.  I  do  not 
know  what  “pusley”  is,  but  we  have  a 
creeping,  thick-growing  plant  that  we  call 
chickweed,  and  consider  it  a  blessing  if  it 
comes  in  after  the  last  cultivation  late  in 
July,  and  it  usually  does  if  ground  has 
been  well  cultivated.  I  think  if  the  in¬ 
quirer  has  kept  his  vineyard  well  worked 
up  to  the  middle  or  late  July  he  need  not 
worry.  I  once  heard  our  State  Grange 
lecturer,  who  has  a  vineyard  in  Chautau¬ 
qua  County,  state  that  a  vineyard  could  be 
maintained  and  kept  at  its  best  indefinitely 
by  cultivation  alone,  without  the  use  of 
barnyard  manure  or  cover  crops.  lie  evi¬ 
dently  believed  it,  and  gave  an  experience 
of  20  years  to  prove  his  statement.  Now 
that  might  be  possible  on  some  deep  fertile, 
gravelly  loam  in  his  county  where  soil 
texture  maintains  itself,  and  the  thorough 
cultivation  provides  sufficient  food  to  carry 
the  vines.  But  on  our  heavier  clay  soil's 
of  Ontario  County  the  constant  plowing 
and  cultivation  would  burn  out  the  vege¬ 
table  matter  in  two  or  three  years  at  the 
most,  and  our  vineyards  would  be  worth¬ 
less  except  for  making  brick  of  the  soil. 

Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y.  f.  a.  seeley. 

I  dare  not  recommend  the  practice  of 
letting  weeds  grow  in  a  vineyard  because 
of  their  usefulness  for  humus,  lest  I  be 
misunderstood  and  some  one  may  take  an 
ell  for  an  inch,  and  so  have  an  authority 
for  the  practice.  Nevertheless,  weeds  have 
their  part  in  maintaining  the  fertility  of  the 
soil.  I  am  at  the  present  moment  very 
busy  preparing  the  soil  of  my  cherry  orchard 
for  a  cover  crop,  and  have  manv  weeds  that 
were  allowed  to  grow  up  during  the  hurry 
of  cherry  harvest.  A  young  lady  com¬ 
mented  on  the  absurdity  of  my  practice  of 
obliterating  one  crop  of  plants  that  I  might 
sow  another.  .  But  when  I  am  through  my 
cover  crop  will  have  a  fine  stand  over  the 
entile  orchard.  Now  the  weeds  have  not 
She  also  asked  if  the  cover  crop  would  not 
rob  the  trees  of  necessary  moisture.  In 
reply  I  told  her  that  might  be  true  of  to- 
day,  but  if  I  continued  my  present  practice 
of  having  a  cover  crop,  the  humus  added 
to  the  soil  m  five  years  would  retain  more 
moisture  than  the  weeds  now  take.  For  a 
number  of  years  past  I  have  not  used  com- 
mercial  fertilizers  as  a  direct  system  for 
fertilizing  the  trees.  I  use  it  to  make  a 
larger  cover  crop  which  will  give  me  a 
more  sponge-like  soil.  If  vour  readers  were 
a  class  in  agriculture  I  would  like  to  dwell 
upon  how  plants  succeed  each  other.  In  my 
strawberry  bed,  chickenweed  was  a  pest 
during  the  early  weeks  of  the  Summer: 
bite r  came  pigweed ;  now  comes  purslane 
”  hen  we  reach  the  cool  nights  of  September 
the  chickweed  will  return  in  all  the  glory 
of  May.  affording  a  most  pointed  lesson 
on  the  influence  of  climate  on  the  growth 
of  plants.  j.  w.  s. 


We  Invite  Comparison 

of  This  With  Other  Engines 

A  great  many  engines  are  advertised  for  pumping  purposes.  We  have 
nothing  to  say  against  any  of  them.  In  fact,  we  urge  you  to  write  for 
other  catalogs  and  get  all  the  information  possible.  Study  the  quality 
of  materials,  the  design  and  the  records  of  these  engines  as  well  as  our 
own.  You  need  not  be  an  engine  expert  to  make  a  wise  selection. 

Just  use  common  sense  and  good  judgment.  We  are  willing 
to  take  our  chances  that  you’ll  decide  on  the 


Fuller  & 
Johnson 


Farm  Pump  Engine 


The  “Complete-in-ltself”  Engine 

You  will  find  that  the  Farm  Pump  Engine  is  a  complete  power- 
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specially  constructed  platform.  Just  bolt  it  to  the  pump  standard 
and  start  it.  It  will  pump 

400  to  1,500  Gallons  Per  Hour 


Patented  In  the 
United  States, 
Canada  and  other  foroi?n  countries. 
Other  patents  applied  for. 

the  Fuller  &  Johnson  Manufacturing  Company. 

This  company  has  done  much  to  overcome 
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Supplies  abundance  of  fresh  water  for  all 
farm  purposes.  Runs  any  Domestic  Water 
Pressure  System.  Gives  instant  fire  protection. 

The  engine  is  as  high  grade  as  best  automo¬ 
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WRITE  FOR  FREE  ENGINE  BOOK  and  naino  of  nearest  doalor  who  has  the  Farm  Pump  Engine  on  exhibition.  At  tho 
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made  Prices  #75.00  to  $105.00.  No.  150  is  the  lighter 
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and  cheaply  replaced.  Operates  entirely  from  the  sent. 


ISON  ACE 


PO TA TO 

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giving  particulars,  prices,  etc.,  of  our  full 
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THE  RURAL,  MEW-YORKER 


Patching  Up  a  Poor  Meadow. 

F.  C.  8.,  Ridgewood,  X.  J. — I  have  a 
meadow  that  I  seeded  last  Kail  with  Tim¬ 
othy,  Blue  grass,  Red-top  and  Meadow  fescue 
grass,  seeded  with  rye.  The  grass  came 
up  very  thick  and  was  about  four  to  five 
inches  high  when  1  cut  the  rye  July  5. 
During  the  hot  spell  most  of  the  grass  dried 
out,  and  there  are  some  large  patches  where 
there  is  no  grass  at  ail  now.  Would  you 
advise  that  I  sow  some  grass  seed  on  it 
now,  or  wait  until  September?  I  want  to 
get  a  good  sod  on  it  as  soon  as  I  can. 

Ans. — We  have  never  had  much  suc¬ 
cess  in  trying  to  patch  up  a  lawn  or 
meadow.  It  usually  pays  better  to 
plow  it  up  and  reseed.  If  you  want  to 
try  it  we  should  spade  or  plow  up  the 
bare  spots  at  once,  and  keep  them 
raked  or  cultivated.  Spread  wood 
ashes  over  them.  Early  in  September 
sow  a  heavy  seeding  of  the  mixed  grass 
seed  and  use  a  “top  dresser”  or  com¬ 
bination  of  chemicals  such  as  we  have 
often  named.  This  will  fill  in  the  bare 
spots  if  anything  will,  but  the  chances 
are  you  would  do  better  to  plow  and 
reseed  without  any'  grain  cjop. 

Destroying  Poison  Ivy. 

M.,  Falls,  Pa. — What  is  the  best  way  to 
rid  a  farm  of  poison  ivy?  We  have  had 
several  cases  of  poisoning,  the  death  of  a 
laborer  resulting  from  one  of  these. 

Ans. — This  has  been  discussed  in  re¬ 
cent  issues  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  The  plant 
may  be  grubbed  out,  preferably  by  per¬ 
sons  not  susceptible  to  it,  but  the  use  of 
concentrated  sulphuric  acid  is  advised, 
half  a  teaspoonful  being  applied  to  the 
stem,  just  above  ground,  in  the  Spring, 
the  dose  being  repeated  if  needed.  This 
obviates  handling  the  plant,  but  as  the 
acid  is  frightfully  corrosive  it  must  be 
used  very  carefully.  A  New  York- 
correspondent  says  that  he  clears  out 
the  plant  with  long-handled  pruning 
shears,  doing  the  work  in  the  Winter, 
when  the  plant  is  dormant,  cutting  the 
stems  as  far  down  as  possible,  and  then 
burning  the  brush.  By  repeating  this 
work  for  two  Winters  in  succession  the 
plant  is  likely  to  be  killed  out  effec¬ 
tively,  and  it  is  done  with  the  minimum 
of  danger  from  poisoning.  When  burn¬ 
ing  the  brush,  keep  out  of  the  smoke, 
which  may  poison  the  eyes  badly.  If 
the  dangerous  sulphuric  acid  is  used, 
do  not  trust  the  work  to  boys  or  hired 
men,  unless  very  dependable. 

Chemicals  for  Weed  Killing. 

P.  8.  D.,  Dover,  Del. — I  would  like  to 
know  what  would  prevent  absolutely  the 
growth  of  grass  or  weeds  in  a  driveway  of 
a  country  lawn  made  of  sand  and  gravel 
and  some  clay  ?  Would  an  application  of 
salt  water  with  a  sprinkler,  or  kainit 
sprinkled  over  it  do? 

Ans. — Hot  brine  (one  pound  of  salt 
to  one  gallon  of  water)  is  qu’te  effec¬ 
tive.  It  should  be  repeated  when  neces¬ 
sary.  Lime  and  sulphur,  10  gallons 
water,  20  pounds  of  quicklime,  and  .two 
pounds  of  sulphur  boiled  in  an  iron 
vessel,  is  excellent;  after  settling,  dip 
off  the  clear  part.  One  ounce  of  car¬ 
bolic  acid  in  one  gallon  of  water, 
sprinkled  from  a  watering  pot,  destroys 
ants  as  well  as  weeds.  An  arsenite  of 
soda  preparation  is  extremely  effectual, 
but  we  do  not  like  it,  because  the  poison 
may  get  on  the  feet  of  pet  animals,  and 
cause  accidents.  To  make  it,  put  one 
pound  of  powdered  arsenic  in  three  gal¬ 
lons  of  cold  water,  boil  and  keep  stir¬ 
ring;  then  add  seven  gallons  of  cold 
water  and  two  pounds  of  crushed  soda. 
Stir  well  while  boiling;  use  cold  in 
dry  weather.  There  are  a  number  of 
commercial  weed-killers  on  the  mar¬ 
ket.  If  the  brine  is  hot  and  thoroughly 
applied  it  is  safe  and  effectual. 

Ill-smeliing  Cistern. 

What  can  I  put  in  a  cistern  to  got  rid 
of  the  smell  in  the  water?  The  cistern  has 
been  cleaned,  but  the  standing  water  has 
a  bad  odor.  f.  g.  k. 

Hinsdale,  Mass. 

It  is  doubtful  if  the  condition  of  the 
water  can  be  remedied  by  putting  anything 
into  it.  It  may  be  that  the  cistern  lacks 
adequate  ventilation.  If  the  cistern  is 
thoroughly  cleaned  and  there  is  a  free  access 
of  air  to  it,  the  water  ought  not  to  have 
a  bad  odor.  If  there  is  free  access  of  air 
to  the  cistern  it  may  be  that  a  second 
cleaning  will  remove  the  difficulty. 

F.  II.  KING. 


Setting  Strawberries. 

When  would  be  the  best  time  to  set 
strawberry  plants,  and  how  far  apart  should 
the  rows  and  plants  be?  What  variety  is 
the  best  for  rich  soil?  G.  W.  C. 

Miller,  O. 

The  best  time  is  in  early  Spring,  as  soon 
as  the  soil  can  be  worked.  Use  strong 
layer  plants  and  keep  the  ground  well  cul¬ 
tivated.  It  depends  on  how  you  wish  to 
grow  them — in  hills  or  in  matted  rows.  Un¬ 
der  the  hill  system  the  plants  are  set  any¬ 
where  from  one  foot  to  three  feet  apart 
each  way,  and  the  runners  are  kept  cut  off. 
Two  feet  each  way  is  a  good  distance  for 
hand  culture.  For  horse  work  we  should 
put  them  three  feet  apart  at  least  one  way. 
In  the  matted  row  the  plants  are  usually 
set  in  rows  four  feet  apart  and  two  feet 
in  the  row.  The  runners  spread  all  over. 
They  are  usually  left  in  a  mass  three  feet 
wide  with  a  path  a  foot  or  more  wide  be¬ 
tween  them.  No  single  variety  is  best. 
Marshall,  Sample,  Nic  Ohmer,  Dunlap, 
Chesapeake  and  Handy  are  all  satisfactory 
with  us  in  rich  soil. 


Lime-Sulphur  for  Blister  Mite. 

Perhaps  my  experience  with  the  blister 
mite  may  be  of  some  value  to  those  troubled 
with  them.  I  have  one  orchard  of  about 
30  Baldwin  trees  in  their  prime,  trees  bear¬ 
ing  four  to  eight  barrels  of  fruit.  About 
four  trees  in  one  corner  were  covered  or 
blistered  with  the  mite,  the  leaves  turning 
yellow,  curling  and  dropping  early.  The 
rest  of  the  trees  were  infested  more  or  less 
as  also  the  rest  that  were  scattered  over 
the  farm,  those  infested  most  bearing  small 
fruit.  This  was  last  Fall.  I  sprayed  them 
once  last  Spring,  1910,  with  commercial 

spray  for  the  Codling  moth.  April  20, 
1911,  1  sprayed  with  a  commercial  lime 
and  sulphur  guaranteed  to  test  33  degrees 
liaume,  10  gallons  to  40  of  water,  making 
50  gallons  of  spraying  material.  Later  I 
sprayed  with  one  gallon  lime  and  sulphur 
and  4%  pounds  arsenate  of  lead  to  4S 
gallons  of  water  ;  that  was  for  Codling  moth. 
To-day  the  leaves  on  those  trees  are  large, 
healthy  and  green,  bearing  full,  apples  of 
good  size.  In  the  very  top  of  the  largest 
trees  where  the  lime  and  sulphur  did  not 


August  19, 

reach  the  leaves  are  turning  yellow  and 
falling.  I  am  satisfied  that  lime  and  sul¬ 
phur  will  destroy  blister  mite,  and  also 
that  one  can  use  more  than  five  to  45  as 
prescribed  without  injury  to  the  trees,  and 
with  good  results  to  the  orchard.  The 
buds  were  just  about  to  open  when  the 
spraying  was  done.  J.  s.  k. 

Grove,  Vt. 


Wood  Ashes  and  Manure. 

I  would  like  to  know  if  this  is  a  good 
plan  :  Cover  the  ground  with  wood  ashes, 
on  top  of  that  manure  ;  plow  and  then  sow 
to  rye ;  in  the  Spring  plow  deep  and  plant  to 
early  tomatoes.  IIow  many  one-horse  loads 
to  the  acre  of  wood  ashes;  also  manure? 

Marion,  Ind.  b.  d. 

Instead  of  plowing  under  the  wood  ashes 
we  should  plow  under  the  manure — then 
spread  the  ashes  and  harrow  them  in.  The 
ashes  contain  lime  and  it  is  better  to  have 
them  worked  all  through  the  upper  soil 
rather  than  plowed  under.  We  should  use 
at  least  20  loads  of  manure  and  six  loads  of 
ashes.  Seed  about  five  pecks  of  rye  to  the 
acre.  With  this  rye  plowed  under  you  ought 
to  have  a  good  foundation  for  a  tomato 
crop. 


Seed  Down  to  Grass 


•  •  •  with  •  •  • 


Bradley’s  Fertilizers 


Are  your  mowing  lands  neglected? 

We  often  read  in  crop  reports,  when  rainfall  is  small,  that  “grass 
in  the  old  mowings  is  suffering  and  will  be  a  very  short  crop.”  Gen¬ 
erally  these  old  mowTings  are  neglected  and  their  owners  are  relying 
on  Nature  unaided  to  give  them  something  out  of  nothing. 

The  average  yield  of  hay  in  the  United  States  is  reported  to  be 
but  a  little  over  one  ton  per  acre.  Good  farmers  know  that  if  their 
hay  crop  does  not  yield  two  tons  or  more  per  acre  of  good  hay  there 
is  something  wrong.  They  also  know  that  the  best  hay,  as  a  rule,  is 
grown  on  newly  seeded  fields  which  have  been  well  fertilized.  It  is 
found  that  where  the  soil  is  well  fertilized  there  is  generally  little 
trouble  in  getting  good  yields  of  hay, — even  in  an  unfavorable  season. 

If  a  short  rotation  of  crops  is  not  convenient  before  land  is  seeded  to  grass,  old 
mowing  lands  may  be  plowed  after  haying,  thoroughly  harrowed  and  put  in  good  con¬ 
dition  to  be  seeded  down  in  late  August  or  early  September.  Before  seeding,  600  to 
1200  lbs.  per  acre  of 

Bradley’s  Fertilizers 

should  be  sown  broadcast  and  harrowed  in,  the  amount  to  be  used  depending,  of  course, 
on  the  condition  of  the  land.  The  fertilizer  will  aid  in  producing  a  good  catch  of  the 
seed  and  a  vigorous  growth  of  grass  which  will  escape  winter  killing. 

Well  fertilized  fields  stand  drought  better  than  those  which  are  run  down.  The 
grass  on  well  fertilized  fields  gets  a  better  start  in  the  spring  and  gives  a  greatly  in¬ 
creased  yield  of  better  quality  of  hay  than  can  be  grown  on  old  worn  out  fields.  One 
of  our  customers  has  recently  written  us  as  follows: 

“  I  am  very  much  pleased  with  the  results  of  the  fertilizer  for  seeding'  down. 

I  am  now  cutting  the  hay  from  the  ground  where  I  used  the  fertilizer  and  it  is  a 
very  heavy  growth.  I  have  twenty-five  acres  of  as  handsome  grass  as  you  ever  saw.” 

The  best  time  for  seeding  to  grass  alone  in  the  latitude  of  New 
England  is  in  August  and  September,  preferably  from  August  15th 
to  September  1 0th. 

Place  your  orders  for  Bradley’s  Fertilizers  with  our  local  agents 
who  will  obtain  the  fertilizer  promptly,  in  case  they  have  not  enough 
in  stock  to  supply  you.  Or  if  you  prefer  to  do  so,  write  direct  to  us. 

THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURAL  CHEMICAL  CO. 

BRADLEY  FERTILIZER  WORKS. 

92  STATE  STREET,  BOSTON,  MASS. 


1911, 


THIS  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


830 


GRADING  NURSERY  TREES. 

II.  G.,  Groton,  Mass. — When  a  nursery 
sells  trees  of  a  guaranteed  height,  do  they 
mean  roots,  and  they  stretched  to  their  ut¬ 
most,  or  are  they  measured  from  the  ground 
after  they  are  set?  If  they  are  to  be  of  a 
certain  diameter,  where  should  they  be 
measured  ? 

Ans. — The  diameter  of  a  fruit  tree 
is  measured  two  inches  above  the  collar 
to  determine  its  grade.  The  collar  of 
a  tree  is  formed  by  the  union  of  the 
bud  with  the  natural  seedling,  or  in 
the  case  of  a  root  graft,  at  the  point 
where  the  graft  starts  to  grow.  In 
both  cases  it  is  just  above  the  ground 
when  the  tree  is  properly  planted.  The 
height  is  always  measured  from  the  col¬ 
lar  to  the  top  of  the  branches,  inde¬ 
pendently  of  the  root  system.  The 
standard  measurements  for  fruit  trees 
two  years  old  from  the  bud  are  as  fol¬ 
lows  : 

lsf  grade  %  in.  in  diameter. .  .5  to  7  ft.  high 

2d  grade  %  in.  in  diameter. .  .4  to  5  ft.  high 

3d  grade  V>  in.  in  diameter. .  .3  to  4  ft.  high 

4th  grade  %  in.  in  diameter. .  .2  to  3  ft.  high 

In  the  case  of  dwarf  pears,  the  height 
is  not  considered  important.  Some  little 
latitude  is  also  allowed  in  regard  to 
stocky  growers  such  as,  for  instance, 
the  Seckel  pear.  In  that  case,  if  the 
tree  is  well  branched  and  the  caliper 
is  three-fourths  inch,  it  would  be  allowed 
in  the  first  grade  even  if  it  were  only 
about  414  feet  high.  Trees  one  year 
old  from  the  bud  are  being  transplanted 
very  extensively.  One-year-old  peaches 
always  do  best.  Some  nurserymen 
grade  them  by  height,  others  according 
to  caliper.  New  York  State  nursery¬ 
men  quite  extensively  grade  them  as 
follows : 

1st  grade  11-16  in.  caliper . 4  to  5  ft.  high 

2d  grade  9-1 G  in.  caliper . 3  to  4  ft.  high 

3d  grade  7-10  in.  caliper . 2  to  3  ft.  high 

Japanese  plums,  being  such  rank 
growers,  are  best  handled  at  one  year. 
They  are  graded  the  same  as  peaches. 
Many  planters  also  prefer  to  set  out 
one-year  buds  of  apple,  plum  and 
cherry.  They  can  then  head  them  high 
or  low  as  they  wish.  Three  grades  are 
usually  made  of  these  whips — four  feet, 
three  feet  and  two  feet  respectively, 
with  no  attention  paid  to  the  diameter 
at  the  collar. 

These  methods  of  grading  are  the 
fairest  means  possible  to  get  at  the 
value  of  a  tree.  Measuring  trees  be¬ 
low  the  collar  or  adding  the  roots  to 
determine  the  height  is  never  done  by 
nurserymen.  Retail  nurserymen  would 
not  allow  a  wholesale  man  to  sell  them 
a  second  grade  tree  for  a  first  grade. 
Careful  grading  is  always  demanded  of 
the  growers  by  the  retail  men  except  in 
rare  instances,  or  where  the  methods 
of  the  retailer  are  not  up  to  the  stand¬ 
ard.  Therefore  should  a  nurseryman 
guarantee  his  customer  to  furnish  a 
tree  of  a  certain  standard  grade,  he  is 
of  course  expected  to  live  up  to  his 
agreement  and  not  unload  a  cheaper 
grade  of  the  same  variety  upon  the 
planter.  When  both  caliper  and-  height 
are  taken  into  consideration  in  the  case 
of  two-year-olds,  we  then  know  that  the 
tree  has  been  properly  pruned,  and  that 
it  has  made  a  normal  growth  during 
the  two  years.  This  would  not  be  the 
case  were  caliper  alone  to  be  consid¬ 
ered. 

The  easiest  way  to  detect  a  four  or 
five-year-old  tree  is  to  find  it  very 
thick  in  the  body  with  a  short  limb 
growth.  It  is  out  of  proportion,  and 
the  experienced  man  knows  that  it  was 
trimmed  back  to  a  height  of  about 
three  feet  the  year  previous  and  allowed 
to  stand  over  in  the  nursery  row. 
With  the  exception  of  three-year-old 
apples  and  pears,  these  old  fellows  have 
a  hard  time  to  survive  the  shock  of 
transplanting,  and  a  yearling,  even 
though  pretty  small,  of  the  same  va¬ 
riety  planted  alongside  them,  will  most 
always  grow  faster,  catch  up  to  them, 
and  make  a  better  tree.  m.  i<. 


“Do  you  believe  the  pen  is  mightier 
than  the  sword  ?”  “Of  course  it  is.  Who 
ever  had  to  pay  $25,000  -damages  in  a 
breach  of  promise  case  on  account  of 
the  sword  he  carried?” — Chicago  Rec- 
ord-ITerald. 


A  MEXICAN  PATRIOT. 

No — we  do  not  claim  that  the  gen¬ 
tleman  pictured  at  Fig.  325  is  a  regular 
reader  of  The  R.  N.-Y.,  though  he  may 
be  for  all  we  know.  One  of  our  good 
friends  went  into  the  Mexican  moun¬ 
tains  on  a  vacation  trip,  and  came  upon 
a  group  of  patriots — soldiers  in  the 


A  MEXICAN  PATRIOT.  Fig.  325. 


“army”  which  has  Ujjset  the  Mexican 
Government.  Here  is  a  picture  of  a 
typical  soldier.  The  future  of  Mexico 
is  tied  up  with  our  own  agricultural  de¬ 
velopment.  There  may  be  a  stampede 
over  the  border  as  there  has  been  to 
Canada.  At  any  rate,  Mexico  seems 
likely  to  supply  us  with  many  farm 
products  in  the  future.  You  can  form 
your  own  opinion  as  to  whether  the 
patriot  here  pictured  is  a  promising 
citizen  or  not. 


AN  INDIANA  FRUIT  FARM. 

July  8. — It  has  boon  our  custom  for  years 
to  make  Saturdays  observation  days  through 
the  working  season  as  to  the  work  done 
through  the  week,  and  as  to  planning  for 
what  is  to  be  done  the  coming  week.  We 
arose  at  4  o'clock  as  usual,  and  after  the 
usual  house  chores  were  done  proceeded  to 
give  attention  to  the  stock  and  poultry, 
watering  and  feeding  the  cows  and  getting 
them  on  pasture  before  the  heat  of  the  day 
came  on.  The  poultry,  especially  the  chicks, 
receive  personal  attention,  as  careful  han¬ 
dling  means  success,  and  is  very  essential 
during  hot  weather.  These  chores  take  our 
time  till  the  call  for  breakfast  at  5  o’clock 
is  given.  Breakfast  over,  we  start  the  pick¬ 
ers  in  the  blackberries.  Saturday  being  a 
good  market  day,  we  aim  to  get  all  picked 
possible  by  the  noon  hour  for  the  afternoon 
market.  Early  Harvest  and  Iceberg  are  the 
only  kinds  now  to  pick.  Seven  o’clock  finds 
us  aboard  an  interurban  car  with  the  berries 
picked  on  Friday  for  the  morning  market  in 
our  town,  a  mile  away.  The  interurban  has 
its  station  a  few  rods  from  our  door,  and  its 


cars  pass  every  hour,  which  makes  it  a  great 
convenience  to  us,  saving  both  time  and 
labor.  An  hour  in  town  and  then  back  to 
the  farm  ready  for  the  day’s  work.  The 
drought  of  the  past  live  weeks  makes  in¬ 
spection  of  crop  conditions  very  necessary. 
We  begin  with  the  potato  field  and  find  that 
much  damage  is  being  done  by  drought  and 
the  bugs.  This  means  the  use  of  the  sprayer 
as  soon  as  possible,  and  in  the  later  plant¬ 
ings  the  stirring  of  the  soil  to  hold  moisture 
if  possible.  Our  young  plants  from  the  seed 
afford  an  interesting  study,  because  of  their 
many  variations  in  plant  growth.  These 
seedlings  are  bearing  the  drought  well.  In 
the  potato  field  we  have  a  number  of  varie¬ 
ties  of  the  peanut  planted,  such  as  Jumbo, 
Virginia  Mammoth,  Early  Spanish  and  Caro¬ 
lina  Reds.  The  contrast  between  the  dark 
green  foliage  of  these  and  the  yellow  sun¬ 
burnt  potato  tops  is  surprising.  Their  re¬ 
sistance  to  heat  and  drought  is  great.  They 
are  now  blooming,  and  this  means  work 
next  week  to  furnish  loose  soil  for. the  spike- 
lets  to  enter  the  ground  easily.  I  believe 
peanuts  would  be  a  profitable  feed  crop  on 
our  Western  soils.  If  the  South  can  grow 
them  for  profit  on  their  poorer  soils,  why 
cannot  we?  Next  is  the  sorghum  lot.  Here 
we"  see  more  evidence  of  drought  resistance. 
The  corn  adjoining  is  showing  the  effects 
of  drought,  while  the  sorghum  is  standing 
it  finely.  We  find  here  work  in  the  way  of 
removing  the  suckers,  which  take  so  much 
from  the  main  stalk.  Sorghum  is  a  regular 
crop  with  us.  The  seed  makes  good  feed 
for  hogs  or  poultry ;  the  blades  cured  are 
eaten  by  the  cows,  the  stalk  yields  the  syrup 
and  even  the  bagasse  is  useful  as  an  orchard 
mulch.  Our  melon,  squash  and  cucyimber 
ground  shows  need  of  some  work  early  in 
the  coming  week,  and,  by  the  way,  we  locate 
a  spot  for  turnips  to  be  sown  soon.  This 
ground  must  bo  got  in  prime  shape  to  re¬ 
ceive  the  seed  under  existing  conditions  of 
moisture.  This  brings  us  to  the  noon  hour. 
The  berry  pickers  are  in  and  are  discharged 
for  the  day.  Dinner  over,  our  task  is  ar¬ 
ranging  berries  for  carrying  to  town.  At 
1  o’clock  we  again  take  the  car  for  town 
with  these  berries.  A  good  demand  for  fruit 
of  all  kinds  makes  their  disposal  an  easy 
matter.  People  tire  of  the  tropical  and 
crave  the  home  fruits  in  their  season.  There 
is  no  danger  of  over-production  of  good 
fruits,  and  the  prices  justify  growing  them. 
Blackberries  eight  to  10  cents  a  quart  and 
raspberries  (black,  15;  red,  IS  cents),  yield 
a  greater  income  than  any  farm  grain  can 
do. 

Two  o’clock  finds  us  home  again  and  the 
remainder  of  the  day  is  spent  among  the 
fruit  plats.  The  berry  fields  are  looked 
over,  and  we  find  havoc  among  the  late 
kinds.  The  outlook  for  these  is  bad  and  no 
remedy  at  hand.  Even  the  new  growth  is 
suffering,  and  unless  copious  rains  come 
within  a  few  days  both  the  fruit  and  the 
new  growth  will  be  ruined.  Our  currants 
and  gooseberries  were  cleaned  up  the  past 
week.  Our  inspection  of  these  shows  that 
the'  pickers  did  good  work.  We  never  let 
any  fruit  go  to  waste.  There  are  too  many 
channels  in  which  it  can  be  turned  to  allow 
of  waste.  The  nearest  we  came  to  this  was 
with  the  cherry.  Such  a  crop  is  seldom  seen, 
and  even  the  birds  got  tired  picking  them. 
Freedom  from  worms  made  easy  and  rapid 
picking,  and  yet  we  did  not  get  them  all. 
But  our  friends  the  birds  will  complete  the 
job.  A  glance-  at  the  peach  orchard  shows 
ripening  fruit,  which  indicates  some  busy 
times  soon.  Insect  damage  is  very  light, 
and  no  signs  of  the  yellows  are  seen.  Our 
Spring  pruning  was  quite  heavy,  and  now 
we  see  the  benefit  of  it  in  the  way  of  better 
fruit  and  no  trees  breaking  down.  Here¬ 
after  well  pruned-back  tops  v/ill  be  our  rule. 

Supper  and  the  evening  chores  bring  Sat¬ 
urday’s  labors  to  a  close.  On  these  warm 
days  we  find  relief  in  the  evening  hours, 
and  a  trip  to  town  on  the  interurban  with 
the  better  half  brings  that  relief.  We  re¬ 
turned  at  10  p.  m.,  and  sleep,  blessed  sleep, 
shuts  off  our  visions  of  tasks  to  be  per¬ 
formed  and  gives  rest  to  the  wearied  body, 
so  that  when  hours  for  labor  return  we  may 
be  able  for  all  demands. 

Indiana.  j.  ir.  hayxes. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


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you  will  find  of  real,  practical 
value.  Ask  for  Helps  S40» 


NATIONAL  LEAD  CO. 

New  York  Cleveland  Chicago  6t.  Louts 
Beaton  Buffalo  Cincinnati  San  Franclsos 
(JohnT.  Lewis  A  Broe.  Co..  Philadelphia) 
(National  Load  and  OU  Co.,  Pittsburgh) 


Every  building  on  your  farm  that  is  built 
of  good  lumber  deserves  good  paint.  Thor¬ 
ough  painting  means  lower  repair  bills, 
longer  life  for  the  building,  and  an  attract¬ 
ive,  prosperous  appearance  for  your  whole 
place. 


White  Lead  on  the  Farm 

Outbuildings 


Those  shrewd  farmers  who  have  stretched  “Pittsburgh 
Perfect*  •  Fence  on  their  property  appreciate  most  keenly  in  harvest 
time,  perhaps,  its  unequaled  strength  and  durability.  It  has  successfully  withstood 
the  elements,  the  knocks  of  planting,  cultivating,  harvesting,  the  rough  usage  given  it  by 
horses,  cattle  and  hogs — it  stands  erect,  even  and  firm,  as  good  as  new,  year  in  and  year  out. 

‘Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Fence  owners  at  all  times  are  reaping  the  results  of  highest  fence  efficiency. 

Tough,  strong,  durable  Open  Hearth  wire — like  old  time  iron  wire — carefully  galvanized  with  pure  zinc,  is  used  exclusively 
in  "Pittsburgh  Perfect’-  Fence.  There  are  no  wraps,  clamps,  twists  or  ties  to  increase  weight,  hold  moisture  and  cause  decay; 
instead,  the  wires  at  every  contact  point  are 

ELECTRICALLY  WELDED 

which  produces  a  joint  that  cannot  be  slipped,  pulled,  broken  nor  rusted  apart.  There  is  a  style  and  size  of 
“Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Fence 

For  every  FIELD,  FARM,  RANCH,  LAWN  or  POULTRY  purpose. 

Write  for  catalogue  showing  73  styles  and  sizes,  or  look  up  the  best  dealer  in  your  town— he  handles 
“Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Fence  exclusively. 

PITTSBURGH  STEEL  COMPANY,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

Manufacturers  of  "Pittsburgh  Perfect’*  Brands  of  Barbed  Wire,  Bright,  Annealed  and  Galvanized  Wire. 
Fence  Staples,  Standard  Wire  Nails  and  “Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Fencing. 


840 


TH  EC  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


August  19, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 

Failures. — We  have  made  several  bad 
ones  this  year.  Perhaps  we  ought  to  bury 
them  out  of  sight,  but  I  don't  know.  I 
think  we  can  learn  a  lot  from  them.  One 
failure  is  in  raising  turkeys.  The  girls 
had  over  20  little  things  hatched  and  gave 
the  best  of  care — but  there  is  only  one 
left !  That  was  raised  in  a  heatless  brood¬ 
er  or  a  small  box  with  a  cloth  cover.  This 
is  brought  indoors  every  night.  This  one 
turkey  does  not  look  very  strong,  but  it 
has  become  a  great  pet  and  will  chase  the 
children  about  like  a  little  dog.  Our  folks 
sometimes  start  off  for  a  walk  after  supper, 
and  if  they  look  around  they  are  sure  to 
see  the  little  turkey  running  after  them. 
It  will  come  and  jump  up  into  your  lap 
like  a  kitten  or  puppy.  The  fine  Hock  of 
White  Hollands  which  we  pictured  for  this 
Fall  has  faded  away.  I  can  give  no  sure 
reason  except  that  the  parent  stock  may  be 
inbred.  At  any  rate,  turkey  raising  this 
year  at  Hope  Farm  is  a  failure. 

The  next  failure  is  more  serious  and 
more  humiliating,  for  I  must  stand  up  and 
admit  it  is  my  own  fault.  A  few  years 
ago  the  San  Jose  scale  was  bad  in  part  of 
our  orchard.  We  fought  it  with  oil  and 
cleaned  it  out  so  that  last  Winter  and 
Spring  we  could  not  find  an  insect.  There 
may  have  been  a  few  in  one  corner,  but  it 
seemed  like  a  sure  thing  that  the  scale 
was  weakening  and  not  spreading  as  it 
once  did.  Entomologists  and  practical 
growers  both  said  that  under  our  condi¬ 
tion  it  would  hardly  pay  to  spray,  and  so 
we  did  not.  I  found  it  easy  to  be  advised 
in  such  things  when  work  is  pressing,  and 
you  have  a  somewhat  stubborn  theory.  So 
we  did  not  spray  last  Winter  as  usual. 

Now  the  early  apples,  the  Ben  Davis  and 
the  fruit  on  the  younger  trees  is  as  clean 
as  it  well  can  be.  We  have  cut  doivn  the 
wormy  fruit  to  a  very  small  per  cent.  But 
right  where  we  did  not  want  it  the  scale 
has  come  in  like  an  army.  The  Baldwin 
orchard,  which  is  the  mainstay  of  our  fruit 
business,  is  alive  with  the  insect.  By  late 
July  we  could  see  the  wretches  clustering 
around  the  bud  end  of  the  fruit,  and  then  it 
came  at  us  like  a  flash — the  great  mistake 
we  made  in  not  spraying.  The  Greening 
orchard  is  not  quite  so  had,  but  that  one 
is  plastered,  and  a  good  proportion  of  the 
fruit  will  without  doubt  be  “stung.”  Now 
we  might  have  saved  every  one  of  those 
fine  apples  if  we  had  put  on  the  oil  at  the 
light  time.  Here  are  trees  which  I  have 
been  ready  to  put  up  as  examples  of  what 
a  sod  orchard  can  be  made  to  do,  loaded 
with  fruit,  the  value  of  which  will  be  cut 
in  half  by  its  appearance.  We  can  save 
the  trees  without  great  trouble,  but  this 
failure  to  spray  takes  all  the  joy  and  a 
good  share  of  the  profit  out  of  this  year’s 
fruit  crop.  I  have  no  excuses  to  make,  but 
will  stand  up  and  take  my  medicine.  Under 
such  conditions  I  find  a  dose  of  the  essence 
of  scale  a  bitter  dose.  The  object  in  tell¬ 
ing  this  is  to  impress  upon  every  reader 
the  absolute  necessity  of  doing  your  duty 
by  your  orchard  when  you  know  what  that 
duty  is,  and  the  necessity  for  it.  The 
scale  might  have  attacked  our  sweet  ap¬ 
ples  and  let  the  Baldwins  alone,  but  mis¬ 
takes  and  failures  do  not  act  that  way. 
They  generally  know  where  to  put  the 
sting  where  it  will  go  deepest. 

Building. — When  I  speak  of  our  big 
family  people  seem  to  assume  that  we 
must  have  a  great  house.  Our  house  is 
really  small,  and  the  family  overflows  into 
another — the  old  stone  house  which  we 
found  when  we  came  to  the  farm.  This 
Winter  will  find  it  necessary  for  us  to  get 
mostly  under  one  roof,  and  it  has  been  a 
problem  to  know  what  to  do.  For  there 
have  been  no  failures  in  the  child  crop,  and 
1  would  not  like  to  say  how  many  pounds 
of  hard  flesh  the  redheads  and  towheads 
have  put  on.  At  the  back  end  of  the 
stone  house  is  an  attachment  like  an  ob¬ 
long  box  of  wood.  It  is  in  good  condition 
except  the  sills.  The  plan  is  to  detach 
this,  lift  it  up  for  new  sills  and  move  it 
across  the  lawn  to  the  rear  of  our  pres¬ 
ent  house.  It  will  stand  12  feet  away — 
connected  by  corridors  and  with  a  new  roof. 
All  hands  helped  haul  the  stone  for  the 
foundation,  and  the  job  will  be  done,  we 
hope,  early  in  September.  This  will  add 
four  good  rooms  and  give  us  more  Winter 
space.  Many  of  you  know  what  it  means 
to  have  a  troop  of  children  crowded  into  a 
small  house  for  Winter. 

The  Lost  Horse.— The  young  folks 
drove  away  in  good  spirits.  Two  of  them 
had  Brownie  in  the  light  runabout  and  five 
more  packed  themselves  behind  Bob  in  the 
surrey.  They  were  bound  for  church.  The 
rest  of  us  from  Uncle  John  to  the  baby 
sat  on  the  front  porch  in  the  twilight  anil 
waved  them  out  of  sight.  I  think  Bob  was 
the  only  one  of  the  party  who  regretted 
the  trip.  Brownie  is  young,  and  she  can 
hear  people  say :  “What  a  pretty  little 
horse !”  Old  Bob  has  neither  size  nor 
beauty.  No  one  throws  any  bouquets  at 
him.  He  goes  into  the  harness  every  day 
and  every  other  night  crawls  to  market 
with  a  heavy  load.  Why  could  not  this 
crowd  of  chatterers  let  an  old  working 
horse  rest?  If  Bob  ever  finds  out  why 
youth  sings  on  its  pleasant  journey  anil 
scowls  on  the  way  to  useful  labor  he  will 


be  the  first  horse  or  man  to  solve  the  prob¬ 
lem.  My  sympathies  went  with  Bob.  I 
knew  how  he  felt,  but  there  are  times 
when  wisdom  properly  walks  with  silence. 

Night  fell  upon  us,  black  and  starless. 
With  a  job  blocked  out  for  the  next  day  I 
went  to  bed  and  the  others  followed. 
Mother  kept  awake  to  hear  the  young  folks 
come  back.  Far  behind  time  Brownie  came 
trotting  home,  and  the  girls  invaded  our 
room  with  an  exciting  story.  Bob  was  lost 
or  stolen  !  lie  had  disappeared  from  the 
shed  and  could  not  be  found.  There  had 
been  an  auto  accident  in  front  of  the 
church,  a  tire  had  been  stolen — in  fact 
divine  worship  had  been  interrupted  riot¬ 
ously.  The  rest  of  our  pilgrims  were  “hoof¬ 
ing"  it  home,  four  miles  from  church.  The 
boy  went  back  with  Brownie  and  picked 
them  up.  hut  there  Was  no  trace  of  Bob.  1 
knew  that  if  the  old  horse  had  started 
home  and  turned  in  somewhere  we  would 
get  him.  If,  however,  some  one  had  driven 
him  off  in  the  darkness  recovery  was  very 
doubtful.  So  1  turned  over  and  went  to 
sleep,  with  instructions  to  the  boy  to  get 
up  early  and  $et  the  constable  at  work.  It 
seemed  as  if  1  had  barely  fallen  asleep 
when  my  back  was  taken  for  a  bass  drum 
and  I  heard  a  familiar  voice  calling : 

“Here  is  Bob !” 

It  seems  that  the  okl  horse  worked  him¬ 
self  free  in  some  way,  backed  out  and 
walked  around  behind  a  clump  of  trees, 
where  no  doubt  he  enjoyed  a  good  “horse 
laugh”  as  our  boys  hunted  and  then  walked 
home.  The  sexton  found  him  and  drove 
him  back.  If  you  ask  my  opinion.  I  think 
it  likely  Bob  objected  to  some  point  in  the 
minister's  sermon,  and  proceeded  to  break 
away  from  it.  He  was  stronger  than  the 
worshippers  inside,  for  he  kept  his  argu¬ 
ment  to  himself.  At  any  rate  here  he  was, 
glad  to  get  home  at  midnight.  I  went  out 
to  welcome  him,  and  the  boys  took  the 
sexton  and  his  friend  home.  I  wish  all  the 
the  lost  sheep  could  get  home  as  safely. 
Our  boys  now  know  what  to  do  in  case  of 
a  lost  horse.  Notify  every  one,  set  all  the 
telephones  working,  and  get  the  constable 
and  the  sheriff  at  work.  In  our  country 
the  familiar  trick  with  a  horse  thief  is  to 
get  to  Paterson  or  New  York  and  then 
disguise  the  horse  by  staining  the  white 
marks  out  of  his  coat.  Then  he  can  be 
taken  to  the  country  and  sold. 

Let  the  Swamp  Clothe  the  Hills. — 
I  have  the  privilege  of  cutting  and  hauling 
from  a  field  adjoining  my  place  flags  or 
cattails  as  they  are  commonly  known.  I 
am  in  the  small  fruit  business.  Will  it 
pay  to  cut  and  haul  them  in  the  Fall  to  put 
as  a  mulch  along  the  rows  of  blackberries, 
raspberries  and  strawberries,  or  are  they 
worthless?  Should  they  be  used  green  or 
dried  somewhat  first?  J.  v.  c. 

Take  this  chance  by  all  means.  I  wish 
I  could  get  such  stuff.  I  could  use  tons 
of  it  to  advantage  around  the  trees  and 
berries.  In  some  parts  of  the  country  fruit 
growers  are  having  great  success  with  ap¬ 
ple  and  peach  on  thin,  poor  land.  It  is 
usually  on  steep  hills  where  plowing  and 
cultivating  would  not  answer.  These  men 
cut  grass,  weeds  or  trash  of  any  kind  and 
pile  it  on  the  ground  under  the  trees.  This 
mulch  makes  the  trees  grow  and  slowly 
changes  the  character  of  the  soil.  Many 
of  the  weeds  and  grasses  which  do  well  in 
swamps  will  not  thrive  on  the  hills,  so 
there  is  little  danger  of  bringing  in  weed 
seeds. 

A  Partnership  in  Pork. — Tell  me  how 
to  divide  the  profits  in  a  partnership  hog 
transaction.  One  party  bought  a  sow  and 
nine  one-week-old  pigs ;  the  other  party 
has  paid  for  all  feed  and  done  all  work. 
The  first  cost  was  .$35.  The  sow  has  de¬ 
veloped  into  a  chicken  eater,  so  she  is  to 
be  fattened  and  sold  in  the  Fall,  keeping 
one  of  the  young  sows  for  a  breeder.  What 
will  be  a  fair  division  of  the  profits  when 
nil  are  sold  as  porkers  in  the  Fall?  b. 
Maryland. 

How  do  you  know  there  will  be  any 
“profits”?  You  do  not  tell  all  the  story, 
for  when  this  partnership  was  started 
there  must  have  been  some  sort  of  under¬ 
standing.  What  has  the  feed  cost?  One 
partner,  as  1  understand  it,  put  up  $35  to 
start  with.  Suppose  tne  other  lias  paid 
$10  for  feed  while  his  labor  at  fair  wages 
amounts  to  $15  more.  if  the  sow  were 
sold  now  I  should  think  the  proceeds  ought 
to  be  divided  on  that  proportion — the  cost 
of  feed  and  labor  matched  against  the 
original  outlay.  Or  it  would  be  fair  to 
call  the  labor  equal  to  the  original  capital 
and  divide  the  cost  of  feed  equally,  and 
then  divide  the  proceeds.  In  most  of  such 
deals  capital  has  too  large  a  share. 

Potatoes  That  Run  to  Vines.— I  send 
you  a  bunch  of  roots  from  an  Irish  Cobbler 
potato,  planted  the  last  week  in  April  and 
dug  July  15,  and  no  potatoes  on  them 
when  dug.  The  ground  was  manured  with 
old  rotted  horse  manure  and  rotted  hay 
forked  in.  Garden  soil,  eight  hills  all  the 
same.  What  is  the  trouble?  n.  p. 

From  the  appearance  of  these  roots  it 
looks  as  if  the  potatoes  “ran  to  vines,”  and 
were  hit  by  the  blight  before  they  could 
form  tubers.  I  have  had  this  happen  on 
very  rich  land.  The  rotted  manure  was 
rich  in  nitrogen,  but  did  not  have  enough 
potash.  The  vines  made  a  rapid  growth 
and  kept  on  growing.  As  we  know,  the 
“potato”  is  a  tuber  formed  under  ground 
by  enlarging  the  stem — not  the  root.  If 
these  vines  could  have  kept  on  growing 

they  would  finally  have  matured  and  they 

would  have  formed  tubers.  Blight  is  very 
likelyr  to  catch  these  tender  and  long 
growing  vines  and  of  course  that  is  the  end 
of  them.  We  do  not  need  much  nitrogen 
for  the  potato.  It  cannot  stand  too  much. 
Potash  is  specially  needed  for  anv  crop 
which  makes  starch  rapidly.  Such  vines 
are  not  unlike  one  of  those  know-it-all 
men.  They  are  always  going  to  do  great 

things,  but  blight  gets  their  large  plans 

before  there  is  any  “nest  egg.” 

Rapid  Growth  of  Potatoes.- — The  daily 
papers  tell  of  shipments  of  10.802  bushels 
of  potatoes  in  one  day  rrom  Anoka,  Minn. 
This  report  states  the  following :  ‘Fields 
are  reported  as  yielding  as  high  as  200 
bushels  to  the  acre  and  in  one  week  the 
yield  has  increased  twen'y-one  bushels  to 
the  acre.  In  other  words  in  seven  days 
potatoes  have  grown  enough  larger  to  bring 
in  $22  more  an  acre  than  they  did  a  week 
to-day.’  Do  you  believe  any  such  fairy 
tale?  f.  f.  r. 

I  do.  Many  experiments  have  shown  how 
rapidly  potatoes  grow  after  they  get  as 


large  as  nuts.  It  is  quite  beyond  belief 
sometimes  when  the  conditions  are  just 
right.  There  must  be  moisture,  plant  food, 
an  open  soil  and  strong  vines.  The  vine 
must  be  healthy  just  at  the  time  blooming 
is  over.  Then  is  where  spraying  pays  if  at 
all.  If  we  can  keep  the  vines  alive  even  for 
two  weeks  longer  during  this  rapid  growing 
period  we  can  often  gain  50  per  cent  in 
yield.  Spraying  carries  the  plant  on  to 
maturity.  You  cannot  have  a  “mealy”  or 
well-flavored  potato  unless  it  can  mature  in 
the  field.  When  the  famous  R.  N.-Y.  No.  2 
potato  was  introduced  its  reputation  for 
quality  was  injured  because  many  growers 
sold  it  when  half  formed.  This  variety 
makes  a  rapid  growth,  and  when  green  and 
half  matured  is  large  enough  to  sell  as  “new 
potatoes.”  It  came  on  the  market  with  or 
even  before  early  varieties  and  of  course  it 
was  poor  and  “soggy.”  The  critical  period 
with  potatoes  is  right  after  blooming.  Then 
they  will  grow  like  magic  if  they  have  a 
chance. 

Values  of  Ear  and  Shelled  Corn. — I 
would  like  to  find  out  the  exact  worth  of 
corn  on  the  ear  per  hundredweight,  when 
Shelled  corn  is  worth  $1.65  per  bag  of  two 
bushels.  j.  b.  M. 

Connecticut. 

The  usual  rule  is  to  figure  that  70  pounds 
of  ear  corn  will  shell  out  56  pounds  of 
shelled  corn — or  one  bushel.  The  14 
pounds  represent  the  weight  of  the  cobs. 
This  is  not  always  the  true  portion,  for 
when  corn  is  not  fully  dry  the  cobs  may 
weigh  more..  On  this  basis,  however,  your 
problem  is  about  as  follows  :  Two  bushels 
of  corn  weigh  112  pounds.  If  this  is  worth 
$1.65  it  means  1.47  cent  per  pound.  At 
this  rate  100  pounds  of  shelled  corn  are 
worth  $1.47.  It  will  require  120  pounds  of 
ear  corn  to  make  this  amount  of  shelled 
corn.  Thus  100  pounds  of  ear  corn  are 
worth  $1.22.  I  think  you  are  mistaken  in 
your  price.  The  $1.65  probably  means  100 
pounds  instead  of  two  bushels.  If  that  is 
so  the  ear  corn  is  worth  $1.30. 

Wild  Cherry  Brandy. — I  have  on  my 
place  several  wild  cherry  trees,  and  would 
like  to  know  how  to  make  a  good  wild 
cherry  brandy,  or  what  else  use  can  be 
made  of  the  cherries.  I  hate  to  see  them 
go  to  waste.  m.  r. 

Wild  cherry  freeware  so  numerous  in  our 
country  that  no  one  thinks  of  utilizing 
them.  We  doubt  if  it  would  pay  to  try 
and  make  “brandy.”  If  you  made  a  true 
brandy  with  the  usual  amount  of  alcohol 
you  would  be  liable  to  trouble.  Many  peo¬ 
ple  write  us  every  Fall  about  selling  cherry 
bark,  sumach  or  other  herbs  or  seeds.  We  j 
looked  this  up  with  great  care,  and  found 
there  was  nothing  in  it.  The  prices  paid  j 
for  such  bark  and  roots  are  so  low  that 
ordinary  labor  cannot  afford  to  collect  them. 

Salt  is  no  Fertilizer. — I  have  lately 
been  told  that  common  salt  is  one  of  the 
best  if  not  the  best  fertilizers,  sowed  at  a 
rate  of  1  Vi  barrel  per  acre,  just  before 
using  harrow.  e.  t.  c. 

Kentucky. 

Who  told  you  so?  Salt  is  not  a  fertilizer 
at  all,  for  it  adds  no  plant  food  which 
most  soils  do  not  contain.  It  may  have 
chemical  power  to  set  free  potash  or  silica 
the  latter  to  make  the  straw  heavy  and  stiff, 
or  it  may  hold  back  crops  on  very  rich 
soil — but  it  is  not  what  we  call  a  fertilizer. 

H.  w.  c. 


YEARLY 
OUTPUT 
OVER 
0,500,000 

ALPHA 

PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


VIRGINIA  APPLE  ORCHARD  FARM 

132  acres — 1(10  cleared,  32  in  good  timber.  1000  full¬ 
bearing  apple  trees,  15  years  old:  Ben  Davis,  York 
Imperials  and  Winesaps.  Quinces,  I’lums.  Cher- 
i  ies.  etc.  Two  good  dwellings,  large  barn  and  other 
outbuildings.  Splendidly  watered.  This  orchard 
will  net  20£  on  the  investment.  Four  miles  from 
railroad  and  town.  Only  72  miles  from  Washington, 
I).  C.  Price  85,000,  part  cash.  For  full  descriptions 
of  this  and  many  more  exceptional  farm  bargains, 
address:  HARRY  M.  HUBBELL,  Warrenton,  Fauquier  Co..  Va. 


CARHC  Circular  free.  Dept.  151,  Lclands’ 
I  n i  1  III O  Farm  Agency,  31  Milk  St.,  Boston 


™C  A I  F-If  you  want  the  best  farms  for  the 
OHLl.  money, send  for  our  large  free  catalog. 
HALL’S  FARM  AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.,  N.Y. 


New  York  State  Farms-"!,! J) 

the  State.  Catalog  free  to  parties  intending  to  buy. 
NORTHERN  REALTY  CO.,  Syracuse,  New  York. 


(CONSULTING  SPECIALIST  in  soil  improve- 
v><  ment,  crop  growing,  dairy  husbandry  and  gene¬ 
ral  farm  management.  L.  W.  LIGHTY,  East  Berlin,  Pa. 


INOCULATED  ALFALFA  SOIL 

75  cents  per  hundred,  $10.00  per  ton.  F.  O.  B.  Ash- 
ville,  Pa.  Send  for  FRBK  booklet  “How  to  Grow 
Alfalfa.”  Dr.  II.  SOMERVILLE,  Chest  Springs, 
Cambria  County,  Pa. 


W  ANTFn_To  rent  a  b'"'m  fully  equipped,  with 

”  option  of  buying,  within  100  miles 

of  New  York  City;  50  or  more  acres;  must  bo  near 
trolley  or  railroad,  and  bordering  on  stream  or  lake. 
Address  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  Fort  Preble,  Portland,  Me. 


"would  modernize  your  home  at  little  cost.  A 
hundred  other  styles  to  select  from,  including 
Table  Lamps  and  Chandeliers. 

Each  Lamp  gives  400  candle-power  at  one- 
half  cent  an  hour. 

American  Lighting  Systems  are  guaranteed 
to  pay  for  themselves  within  a  few  months,  and 
to  give  complete  satisfaction. 

Seventeen  years  in  the  business  means  that 
we  are  reliable.  Write  for  new  catalogue,  just 
issued — it’s  FREE. 

Agents  wanted.  Good  territory  still  open. 

AMERICAN  GAS  MACHINE  CO., 

142  Clark  St.,  Albert  Lea,  Minn. 


Fargo,  N.  D-  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


— - — — 1 . — — . —  — . . . — ■ 

BETTER  FARMING  — Several  Courses  in  Agriculture  and  Home  Economics  arc  offered  at 

The  New  York  State  School  of  Agriculture,  at  Morrisville,  N.  Y. 

A  t  wo  year  course  and  shorter  courses  in  General  Agriculture,  including  English,  Farm 
Mathematics,  Farm  Crops,  Dairying,  Poultry  Husbandry,  Fruit  Growing  and  Forestry. 

The  school  owns  a  large  farm  with  modern  equipment,  excellent  laboratories  and  class  rooms,  and  has  a 

well  trained  faculty.  , 

Tuition  is  free  to  residents  of  Now  York.  Entrance  roquiremonts  common  school 
education.  Necessary  expenses  low.  Healthful  location  in  a  boautiful  village. 

For  Catalog  or  information  address, 

Director  F.  G.  Helyar,  Box  68-31,  Morrisville,  New  York. 


1911. 


THIS  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


841 


Ruralisms 

Propagating  Double  Crabs. 

IF.  H.  P.,  South.  Berkeley ,  Cal. — Will  you 
please  advise  me  how  to  propagate  Bechtel's 
double  flowering  crab?  I  have  a  tree  of  the 
above  named  crab,  and  in  April  of  this  year 
it  was  the  wonder  of  the  neighborhood.  It 
became  a  common  thing  for  people  to  stop 
and  ask  what  it  was.  It  is  the  only  one 
that  I  know  of  in  our  part  of  the  city,  and 
it  certainly  was  beautiful.  I  should  like  to 
know  how  it  is  reproduced.  It  is  a  great 
pity  that  it  is  not  better  known.  It  is 
worthy  of  a  wide  distribution  and  should 
be  in  every  garden  that  has  room  for  a 
small  tree. 

Ans. — Bechtel’s  flowering  crab  and 
other  ornamental  crabs  are  commercially 
propagated  by  grafting  on  seedling 
crab  and  common  apple  stocks,  but 
Paradise  or  dwarf  apple  and  Doucin 
stocks  may  also  be  used  if  it  is  de¬ 
sired  to  restrain  growth,  which,  how¬ 
ever,  is  rarely  too  free.  The  crabs  may 
also  be  worked  on  Crataegus  or  haw¬ 
thorn,  or  even  the  Service  berry 
(Amelanchier)  if  apple  stocks  are  not 
to  be  had,  but  in  practice  it  is  found 
best  to  keep  as  near  the  crab  or  wild 
apple  section  of  the  genus  Pyrus  as 
possible.  This  beautiful  crab — perhaps 
the  finest  flowering  tree  of  purely  na¬ 
tive  origin — may  readily  be  increased 
by  budding,  root  or  top-grafting  on  the 
stocks  first  mentioned,  but  top-grafting 
by  the  common  cleft  or  splice  methods, 
on  well-grown  seedling  crabs,  four  or 
five  feet  high,  is  likely  to  prove  most 
satisfactory  with  amateurs.  It  takes 
several  years’  growth  to  produce  a 
blooming  tree  from  either  bud  or  graft. 

v. 

Starting  California  Privet  Plants. 

C.  C.  T.,  New  Castle,  Pa.— Will  you  tell 
me  how  and  when  to  start  California  privet 
plants  from  cuttings? 

Ans. — California  privet  may  be 
grown  from  cuttings  of  either  green  or 
mature  wood.  The  usual  method  is  to 
take  cuttings  of  young  wood  the  size  of 
a  lead  pencil  or  smaller,  either  in  the 
Fall,  or  about  the  middle  of  Winter, 
when  the  leaves  have  fallen,  or  can 
easily  be  stripped  off.  The  cuttings, 
about  eight  inches  long,  are  tied  in  bun¬ 
dles  of  100,  large  ends  all  one  way,  and 
buried  in  sandy  soil,  butt  end  upwards, 
covered  with  an  inch  or  two  of  light 
soil,  with  litter  over  this  for  protection. 
They  are  protected  in  this  way  so  that 
they  will  not  start  to  grow  with  the  first 
warm  weather.  As  soon  as  the  ground 
can  be  worked  it  is  thoroughly  fined, 


Sample,  as  they  would  not  be  likely  to 
establish  themselves  strongly  enough  to 
bloom  well  next  Spring,  but  by  giving 
good  fertilization  and  thorough  culture 
in  exclusive  rows  this  Fall,  fair  bloom¬ 
ing  crowns  may  be  induced  to  form,  and 
prove  of  great  benefit  to  your  Sample 
plants  next  season.  If  your  plot  of 
Sample  is  of  no  great  extent,  a  planting 
of  a  perfect  variety  alongside  may  be 
sufficient,  but  it  is  well  to  have  pollen- 
izers  close  at  hand,  especially  in  a  rainy 
blooming  season.  v. 

Sediment  in  Gravity  Spraying. 

J.  R.  S.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. — In  June  Mr. 
Van  Deman  gave  a  very  interesting  and 
suggestive  account  of  piping  an  orchard  to 
spray  by  gravity.  In  mentioning  this  mat¬ 
ter,  several  persons  have  spoken  of  the 
settling  of  sediments  as  an  insuperable  bar¬ 
rier;  i.  e.,  the  arsenate  of  lead  would  set¬ 
tle  and  stick  while  you  went  to  dinner,  and 
would  stop  tile  pipes  up  in  a  short  time. 
Is  there  any  experimental  evidence  at 
hand? 

Ans. — What  I  wrote  about  the  idea 
of  gravity  spraying  was  suggestive 
rather  than  anything  from  experience, 
for  I  do  not  know  that  anyone  has  tried 
it  out.  I  saw  the  splendid  water  sys¬ 
tem  in  the  Stuart  orchard  in  Patrick 
County,  Virginia,  with  a  great  head  of 
water,  inexhaustible  in  quantity,  with 
spigots  every  200  feet  (the  type  made 
me  say  “2,000  feet"),  and  I  thought  of 
the  possibility  of  utilizing  it  for  spray¬ 
ing.  No  doubt  there  will  be  obstacles, 
such  as  the  settling  of  liquid  mixtures 
and  the  corroding  of  the  interior  of  the 
pipes,  but  I  believe  they  can  be  over¬ 
come.  It  will  take  time  and  skill.  If 
the  arsenate  of  lead  would  settle  and 
stick  “while  we  go  to  dinner”  I  would 
plan  to  have  no  dinner  time  for  the 
work,  but  have  relays  of  hands  to  keep 
things  moving  until  all  was  done.  There 
should  be  plenty  of  water  to  flush  out 
the  pipes  at  the  end  of  the  job.  If  any¬ 
one  has  tried  the  plan  of  gravity  spray¬ 
ing  in  a  practical  way  they  should  give 
us  the  facts.  h.  e.  van  deman. 


The  Lucile  Grape. 

Some  time  ago  I  saw  an  inquiry  in  your 
paper  regarding  the  Lucile  grape.  As  my 
father  originated  the  grape  and  has  propa¬ 
gated  it  and  fruited  it  ever  since,  I  have 
had  him  write  something  about  it.  I  have 
made  a  copy  below,  and  hope  you  will  And 
room  to  publish  it  for  the  sake  of  the  one 
inquiring.  mbs.  e.  m.  eddy. 

The  Lucile  grape  is  a  chance  seedling, 
color  a  bright  red,  like  Delaware ;  clusters 
and  berries  larger  than  Concord.  A  strong 
grower  and  very  hardy  and  healthy,  not 
subject  to  any  disease  here  (Chautauqua 
county).  It  ripens  with  Moore’s  Early  and 
Concord  and  Niagara.  As  tile  Lucile  does 
not  ripen  its  fruit  all  at  once,  there  were 
stems  on  the  vines  October  25  that  were 
good.  It  never  shells.  It  is  a  fine  grape 
for  a  variety  vineyard,  where  the  owner 
wishes  to  pack  variety  baskets  of  red,  white 
and  blue.  jesse  a.  putna.m. 

Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y. 


The  Greatest 
Shoe  Value  That 
Money  Can  Procure 


HTCRF.  is  the  chance  for  every 
fanner  to  get  the  bent  ser¬ 
viceable  and  sensible  work 
shoe  made— a  shoe  that  is 
honest  nil  through. 

Uppers  and  vamps 
made  of  old-fashioned 
French  kip,  oil-tanned 
moose  and  chrome 
waterproof  leathers— soft  and  pliable,  but  wear 
like  iron.  Soles,  outside  and  insole,  are  llrst 
quality  hemlock-tanned  steer’s  hide.  Fastened 
with  old-fashioned  maple  pegs  or  brass  screws— no 
stitches  to  rot  or  nails  to  rust.  You  are  not 
taking  a  chance  in  buying  the 

Haskin  Gr  anger  Shoe 


a 

Write  to-day 


for  we  stand  back  of  every  one. 
satisfaction  or  refund  your  money.  . 

for  illustrations  of  leading  styles,  full  des¬ 
criptions  and  prices.  It’s  the  greatest  shoe  in¬ 
vestment  you  can  make— one  you  are  absolutely 
cure  of.  Remember,  you  take  no  chances.  We 
refer  you  to  the  Citizens’  Trust  Co.,  Utica,  N.  Y., 
or  any  other  Utica  bank.  Express  paid  on  orders 
east  of  the  Mississippi.  Write  to-day  —  we 
guarantee  a  square  deal. 

v  The  Haskin  Sboe  Mfg.  Co. 

115  Meadow  St.,  Stittville,  N.  Y. 


SPUR 


All  kinds  spraying  out¬ 
fits  for  all  purposes — Bar¬ 
rel,  Knapsack,  Power 
Potato  Sprayers,  Com¬ 
plete  Gas  Engine  Orchard 
Rigs,  etc.  Send  for  catalog,  FREE- 

FIELD  FORCE  PUMP  COMPANY, 

2  11th  Street,  Elmira,  New  York 

NeiLEac^s  on  Hay  Presses 

We  have  just  issued  a  new  Free  book  on 
Hay  Presses.  Besides  facts  you  need  to 
know,  it  tells  about 
the  reliable,  reason¬ 
able-priced  Hendricks 
— the  Hay  Press  you 
have  seen  advertised 
for  years,  and  know 
about.  Send  for  it. 

1ENDRICKS  HAY  PRESS  CO.,  Cornell  ST..  Kingston.  N.  Y. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  aud  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

I  30%  MORE  CROPS  | 

? **  Special  Alialf a  Advantages 

Our  free  book  on  cultivation,  “More 
Grain  Per  Acre,”  shows  the  sure  way 
to  get  many  more  dollars  from  your 
field.  Think  of  it,  you  intelligent  farm¬ 
ers — 30  per  cent,  bigger  crops — 30  per 
cent  more  earnings — even  better 
in  dry  seasons.  Here  is  one  of 

Fetzer 
Wood- 
Bearing 
Disc 
Drills 

Rolls  the  ground  when  drilling,  packing  the 
sub-surface  and  conserving  moisture.  The 
roller  adds  but  little — surprisingly  little — to 
draft.  If  desired,  as  in  a  wet  season,  roller  may 
be  taken  off  and  used  separately.  This  drill  has 
wood  bearings  in  each  disc,  giving  less  draft,  no 
trouble,  less  noise,  uses  less  oil,  gives  much 
longer  wear.  Write  for  free  book  No.  88. 

THE  WM,  FETZER  CO.,  Springlield,  IU. 

Fastest  Hay  Press 
2'h  Tons  Per  Hour 

Greater  capacity  is  guaranteed,  in  all  Spencer 
Presses.  The  guarantee  with  our  Alligator 
Press  says  “22  tons  in  lOhours  or  no  vail.”  Large 
feed  capacity— smooth  and  compact  bales,  uni¬ 
form  in  size.  Load  full  weight  into  cars.  All 
Spencer  Presses  aro  biggest  money  makers  oq- 

cause  they  give  greatest  capacity  at  Buy 

smallest  operating  and  repair  cost.  /fSpug-ra  Guaranteed 
Write  today  for  Free  illustrated  Capacity 

catalog  B.  B.  describing  full  llne.^ 

J.  A.  SPENCER 

t01  William  St.,  Dwight,  III. 


CLARKS 
CUTAWAY 
TOOLS 


c 

DOUBLE  ACTION  “CUTAWAY”  HARROW 

WITH  EXTENSION  HEAD.  Is  made  especially  for  Orchard 
work.  It  will  increase  your  crops  25  to50per  cent.  This  machine 
will  cut  from  28  to  30  acres,  or  will  double-cut  15  acres  in  a  day.  It 
is  drawn  by  two  medium  horses.  It  will  move  15,000  tons  of  earth 
one  foot  in  a  day,  and  can  be  set  to  move  the  earth  but  little,  or  at 
so  great  an  angle  as  to  move  all  the  earth  one  foot.  Runs  true  in  line 
...  ...  "  BIG 

CROPS 


of  draft  and  keeps  the  surface  true. 
All  other  disk  harrows  have  to  run  in 
halflap.  NoTongueTruckneeded. 
The  Jointed  Pole  Takes  AH  the  Weight  Off  the  Horses’  Necks, 
and  keeps  their  heels  away  from  the  disks. 

Wc  make  120  nIzch  and  styles  ot*  I>i«k  Harrows. 

Every  mnelilne  fully  warranted. 

Send  for  FUEL  Booklet  with  full  particulars. 

CUTAWAY  HARROW  COMPANY, 

839  Main  St.,  HIGGANUM,  CONN. 


HAY  PRES 


loss 


Ail  steel  construction— Steel 
pitman  aud  plunger  mounted  on 
roller  bearings— Smooth, silent  action— 
No  jar  or  jerk— Speed  up  to  35  strokes  per  minute. 
Automatic  Block  Dropper— drops  block  at  right  time- 
prevents  accidents  or  Injury  to  operators  and  avoids 
3  of  time.  The  ’'Ohio”  is 


The  Only  Automatic  Hay  Press 


on  the  market.  Investigate  our  non-breakable,  automatic  relief  clutch  feeder.  Powerful  and  efficient. 
Insuring  great  capacity.  Our  book  explains  details  of  various  features.  Mailed  free.  We  don’t  ask  you 
to  buy,  simply  investigate  before  investing  your  money— Remember  back  of  our  press  stands  the  “Famous 
Ohio”  factory— a  positive  guarantee  of  best  service  and  highest  quality.  Write  postal  now— address 

THE  OHIO  CULTIVATOR  CO.  105  Ohio  St.  Bellevue,  Ohio 


and  rows  made  three  feet  apart,  so  as  to 
permit  of  horse  culture.  The  cuttings, 
which  are  well  callused  by  this  time,  are 
planted  butt  down  six  inches  apart,  set 
so  deep  that  only  about  two  buds  show. 
They  root  very  well,  and  if  given  clean 
culture  make  bushy  plants  by  Fall. 
They  are  used  for  hedges  when  one  or 
two  years  old,  placed  not  over  one  foot 
apart,  and  planted  in  a  roomy  trench  of 
well-prepared  soil.  Cuttings  of  green 
wood  are  easily  rooted  under  glass. 

Fertilizing  Imperfect  Strawberry  Varieties. 

B.,  New  Jersey. — I  have  a  patch  of  Sam¬ 
ple  and  Climax  strawberries  set  this  Spring 
in  rows  2%  feet  apart  that  I  am  training  in 
narrow  matted  row.  Since  the  runners 
started  I  have  found  that  all  plants  are 
Sample  and  no  Climax,  so  am  short  of  a 
fertile  plant.  IIow  close  must  I  set  a  plant 
with  perfect  flowers  among  the  Sample  to 
insure  getting  the  Sample  pollenized?  I 
can  set  layer  plants  by  August  1. 

Ans. — To  insure  a  good  setting  of 
fruits,  should  weather  conditions  per¬ 
mit,  at  least  one-third  of  the  strawberry 
plants  in  a  given  area  should  have  per¬ 
fect  or  staminate  blooms.  Probably  the 
simplest  way  would  be  to  replant  every 
third  year  with  good  pollen  producers, 
such  as  Brandywine,  Fendall,  Gandy  or 
Senator  Dunlap,  though  many  other  va¬ 
rieties  will  answer  equally  well.  Very 
limited  success  could  be  looked  for 
in  setting  either  layer  or  pot-grown 
plants  among  your  matted  rows  of 


Eight  Reasons  Why  You  Can  Bale  More  Hay 
at  Less  Expense— With  the  Dain  Hay  Press 

Here  is  a  hay  press  so  far  above  anything  of  the  kind  ever  built  as  to  knock  out  all  comparison.  There  isn’t  another  hay  press 
with  so  many  exclusive  advantages.  It’s  the  only  Pull  Power  Self-Feed  Press  made,  and  pull  power  means  more  bales — no  bulky 
pitman  or  high  step-over  to  slow  up  and  stop  the  horses — lighter  draft — less  help  to  operate — and  delivery  of  bales  in  front  out  of 
the  dirt  and  chaff,  where  they  can  be  easily  handled.  Self-feed  means  less  labor  —  more  tons  baled  per  day — and  greater  profit. 

The  Great  Dain  Pull  Power  Self-Feed  Hay  Press 

Delivers  bales  in  front  of  machine,  which  permits  placing  press  in  center  of  stack  or  at  barn  door.  This  means  one  man  less  on  the  stack  and  less  distance  to  pitch 
hay.  Tying  case  is  made  correct  height  to  save  unnecessary  stooping  and  going  around  press  each  time  a  bale  is  tied.  The  Dain  seif-feeding  device  cuts  in  half 
the  work  of  feeding  and  greatly  increases  the  capacity  of  the  press.  Anyone  can  claim  big  capacity.  But  here  are  sound,  practical  reasons  why  the  Dain  Pull 
Power  Self -Feed  Hay  Press  turns  out  most  tons  per  day: 

First:  Press  can  be  set  at  center  of  stack— most  convenient  point  to  pitch  to. 

Second:  Entire  stack  can  be  baled  at  one  setting. 

Third:  Large  hopper  accommodates  bigger  quantities  of  hay. 

Fourth:  Automatic  self-feeding  device  positively  pushes  hay  into  press. 

Fifth:  Compound  leverage  power  provides  greater  baling  pressure  with  shorter  sweep— which  means  less  team  travel. 

Sixth:  Shorter  team  travel  means  more  strokes  of  p.unger— more  bales  per  hour— more  tons  per  day. 

We  are  hay  tool  experts— make  nothing  else.  All  we  ask  is  an  opportun  ity  to  prove  why  the  Dain  is  best  1^^^™ 

— why  you  cannot  afford  any  press  but  the  self-feed,  pull  power,  all  steel  constructed  Dain.  We  want  to  I  ennnnu 

tell  you  all  about  the  automatic  tucker  that  insures  compact,  neat,  square-ended  bales.  The  compound  I  COUPON 

leverage  power  that  gives  the  greatest  pressing  pressure,  the  steel  plunger  which  will  not  warp  or  ■  Dain  Mfv  Co  802  Vim.  C  ntinmw.  i„w. 
swell,  the  extra  capacity  obtained  by  correct  pull  power  principle;  everythin*,  in  fact,  that  1  ""Ig’  002  V‘"“  St.,  Ottumwa,  Iowa, 

makes  a  hay  press  efficient,  durable,  economical,  convenient  and  profitable.  You  will  find  it  in  |  Please  send  me  your  free  Catalog  and  full  particulars  of 
the  Dain.  Investigate  the  master  hay  baler,  the  press  that’s  always  on  the  job  no  matter  how  I  the  Dain  Hay  Press, 
heavy  the  work. 

Big  Catalog  Free  ■  Namo . 

Get  our  big  catalog  of  Dain  horse  power  and  Dain  belt  power  presses.  Largest  and  I 
best  known  hay  tool  manufacturers  in  the  world.  Address  |  rtuurefla . . . * - — — 

Dain  Mfg.  Co.,  802  Vine  Street,  Ottumwa.  Iowa.  ■  . _ . 

103 


842 


THE  RURAL  NEW  -YORKER 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER’S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Home* 

Established  tsio 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 

Herbert  W.  Collingwood,  President  and  Editor. 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon.  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Royle,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  $2.04.  equal  to  8s.  6d.,  or 
8>£  marks,  or  lOjsi  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  '  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  00  cents  per  agate  line — 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  us  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

Wo  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  snob  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  wc  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  trifling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  ho 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  i  lentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
30  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

“The  Consumer’s  Dollar.”  That  is  the  new  de¬ 
partment  started  on  page  836.  We  shall  give  actual 
facts  about  prices,  methods  of  selling  and  cost  of 
handling.  We  want  all  the  actual  facts  we  can  get. 
We  are  not  looking  for  extravagant  statements  or 
peculiar  instances  of  loss,  but  we  want  the  truth, 
plain  and  unvarnished.  We  believe  the  farmers  who 
sell  the  goods  are  best  able  to  show  up  the  real  pro¬ 
ducers’  share.  Tell  us  what  you  receive.  We  can 
figure  the  consumer’s  dollar  here. 

* 

The  reciprocity  fight  has  now  been  transferred  to 
Canada.  The  politicians  have  “appealed  to  the  coun¬ 
try” — that  is,  they  have  ordered  a  general  election 
with  reciprocity  as  the  issue.  That  is  what  should 
have  been  done  in  this  country  before  rushing  such 
an  important  measure  through  Congress.  Canada 
will  no  doubt  favor  the  plan.  The  opposition  is 
largely  in  Ontario,  where  manufacturers  want  an  even 
higher  tariff.  Quebec  is  largely  agricultural  and  will 
favor  reciprocity.  Western  Canada  will  also  favor 
it.  The  English  settlers  are  mostly  in  favor  of  free 
trade,  while  the  American  settlers  want  open  trade 
with  this  country.  In  the  meantime  our  own  Con¬ 
gress  is  still  playing  with  the  tariff — mostly  for  poli¬ 
tical  effect. 

* 

You  want  to  absorb  that  story  of  the  Demonstra¬ 
tion  Creamery  at  Homer,  N.  Y.  That  shows  that 
farmers  can  and  will  produce  high-class  milk  if  they 
are  paid  a  fair  price  for  doing  it.  It  is  criminal  foil} 
to  expect  men  to  add  to  the  cost  of  production  when 
they  are  already  producing  at  a  loss.  Such  cream¬ 
eries  as  the  one  at  Homer  will  solve  the  problem  of 
production,  but  the  harder  job  of  selling  at  a  fair 
price  remains  to  he  settled.  We  need  a  few  wealthy 
men  with  public  spirit  to  put  up  a  chain  of  milk  stores 
in  New  York  at  which  this  high-class  milk  can  be 
retailed  at  a  fair  price.  Capital  would  be  required, 
but  a  fair  income  could  be  made  after  the  business 
was  organized.  That  is  what  we  must  come  to  sooner 
or  later. 

* 

"IV e  see  the  dealers  rolling  in  wealth  made  out  of 
the  farmers’  milk ,  while  the  producers  are  struggling 
along  under  adverse  conditions.” 

The  writer  on  page  846  states  what  is  in  the  heart 
of  a  large  majority  of  milk  producers.  Some  of  the 
retail  dealers  and  peddlers  cannot  be  said  to  roll  in 
wealth.  They  often  have  a  hard  job  to  make  a  liv¬ 
ing.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  large  companies 
are  making  fortunes  out  of  milk.  In  1909  the  Borden 
Company  claimed  capital  stock  of  $25,000,000.  Of 
this  $15,428,408.46  was  “water” — that  is,  the  estimated 
value  of  trade  marks,  patents,  good  will,  etc.  They 
make  total  net  profits  of  $2,617,029.04  on  $9,571,591.54, 
or  about  28  per  cent.  Tn  addition  they  had  a  “sur¬ 
plus”  of  $8,824,230.59 !  This  was  made  out  of  selling 
milk.  Other  large  milk  companies  show  correspond¬ 
ing  profits.  When  you  investigate  such  companies 
you  find  them  armed  with  figures  to  show  that  their 
stock  ought  to  pay  fair  dividends.  What  about  the 
milk  producer?  Let  him  name  his  farm  and  call  the 
name  worth  $5,000.  Let  him  milk  cross-handed  and 
call  it  a  patent  worTi  $2,500.  Add  this  to  the  value 
of  his  farm  and  then  claim  that  he  must  be  paid  a 
reasonable  profit  on  it.  Would  anyone  listen  to  him  ? 
The  man  with  the  35-cent  dollar  cannot  buy  friends 
or  “immunity.”  These  privileges  are  reserved  for 
the  65-centers. 


The  newspapers  report  that  the  State  Granges  of 
New  York  and  Pennsylvania  arc  negotiating  with  a 
selling  company  to  handle  farm  produce  in  a  string 
of  cooperative  stores.  The  Grange  will,  no  doubt,  be 
careful  who  and  what  it  ties  up  to.  In  years  past  we 
have  seen  several  efforts  made  by  dairymen  to  com¬ 
bine  with  interests  here  to  sell  mrlk  direct.  As  a 
rule  it  was  found  that  the  city  interests  expected 
the  farmers  to  provide  the  milk  and  also  a  large 
share  of  the  capital.  Such  a  scheme  as  the  Grange 
contemplates  will  have  to  come  sooner  or  later,  but 
we  will  tell  them  one  sure  thing:  The  goods  will 
have  to  run  through  packing  houses  and  be  sorted 
and  packed  by  people  who  do  not  produce  them. 
That  is  the  only  way  to  obtain  a  uniform  product. 
With  each  man  shipping  his  own  pack  the  market 
would  have  so  many  different  grades  that  it  would 
go  to  pieces. 

* 

On  page  690  we  printed  part  of  a  letter  from  the 
Advertisers’  Protective  Association.  They  claim  to 
spend  $100,000,000  for  advertising  each  year,  and  they 
put  their  proposition  straight  up  to  the  papers  with¬ 
out  the  wink  of  an  eye.  Dr.  H.  W.  Wiley  is  after 
the  frauds  and  fakes  in  “beverages,”  drugs  and  foods. 
This  association  tells  the  papers  that  if  they  expect 
to  get  advertising  they  must  attack  Dr.  Wiley  and 
work  for  his  removal.  Here  you  have  your  orders, 
gentlemen ! 

"Take  the  matter  up  in  the  editorial  columns  of 
your  paper  and  show  the  people  hoiv  their  money  is 
being  squandered  to  advance  the  interests  of  Dr. 
Wiley  and  his  particular  friends,  ostensibly  for  the 
benefit  of  the  ‘dear  people.’” 

We  are  glad  to  “take  the  matter  up.”  What  are 
these  “interests  of  Dr.  Wiley?”  Does  he  want  to 
be  President?  We  wish  he  could  be  for  about  10 
years,  if  he  would  test  and  fight  the  politicians  as 
he  has  the  food  and  drug  fakes.  There  is  no  man 
in  public  life  to-day  who  has  the  confidence  and 

respect  of  the  common  people  as  Dr.  Wiley  has. 

We  have  been  watching  to  see  what  the  farm 
papers  would  do  with  these  orders.  “Farm  and  Fire¬ 
side”  makes  short  work  of  them,  as  follows : 

We  long  since  decided  that  we  do  not  want  any  of  the 
hundred  millions  ready  to  be  disbursed  annually  by  adver¬ 
tisers  of  foods  and  medicine  which  are  of  the  sort  which 
come  under  Doctor  Wiley’s  ban.  We  do  not  want  Doctor 
Wiley  dismissed.  We  think  him  a  very  useful  and  a  very 
good  man.  We  think  he  has  made  some  mistakes,  but  as 

between  calling  a  thing  a  poison  or  not  when  there  is  any 

doubt,  we  prefer  the  man  who  calls  it  a  poison,  and  thus 
favors  the  lives  of  the  people,  rather  than  the  ‘‘business 
Interests.” 

On  the  other  hand  “The  American  Cultivator” 
walks  up  to  the  block  and  takes  the  medicine  with¬ 
out  a  wrinkle. 

At  times  Wiley  has  seemed  to  imagine  himself  pretty 
nearly  an  independent  official  and  has  acted  in  open  oppo¬ 
sition  to  the  heads  of  the  Department.  As  an  offset  to 
this  it  should  be  said  that  some  of  Wiley’s  work  has  been 
of  advantage  to  the  whole  country.  The  warfare  against 
adulteration  of  food  products,  while  carried  on  with  need¬ 
less  bother  and  hardship  to  manufacturers,  has  no  doubt 
been  of  some  advantage.  Still  Wiley  is  not  the  kind  of 
an  official  to  serve  properly  the  agricultural  interests. 

That  looks  as  if  it  came  straight  from  the  “man 
higher  up.”  It  is  the  meanest  and  most  dangerous 
form  of  attack.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  anything 
calling  itself  a  farm  paper  should  put  on  the  badge 
with  such  brazen  defiance.  Think  of  a  man  being 
willing  to  sit  still  and  let  manufacturers  of  adulterated 
whisky  and  snide  drugs  tell  him  what  to  say  to 
farmers ! 

* 

Last  week  we  were  told  of  a  cow  that  paid  her 
owner  an  average  of  about  one  dollar  per  day  for  a 
year.  This  was  not  done  with  "certified”  milk,  but 
at  ordinary  prices  for  market  milk.  It  cost  $148.65 
to  feed  this  cow  one  year.  Of  course  much  of  this 
profit  depended  on  the  handling  and  care  of  the  cow. 
One  man  might  take  a  race  horse  and  fail  ,to  get  him 
below  his  natural  speed  of  2.40.  A  skilled  trainer 
might  bring  him  down  to  2.10.  It  is  much  the  same 
with  feeding  a  cow.  The  great  argument  made  for 
this  dollar-a-day  cow  is  that  she  is  purebred — that  is, 
her  ancestors  for  generations  hack  are  known  and  re¬ 
corded.  Therefore  the  chance  that  she  can  pass  those 
dollar-a-day  qualities  on  to  her  descendants  is  more 
than  good.  If  this  theory  is  true  the  outsider  will 
wonder  why  scarcely  six  per  cent  of  the  cows  in  New 
York  are  purebred.  Who  is  responsible  for  it — the 
breeders  who  sell  the  animals  or  the  dairymen  who 
ought  to  buy  and  use  them?  We  know  that  thousands 
of  our  readers  would  like  to  increase  the  income  from 
their  herds.  Some  have  already  done  so  by  the  use 
of  pure  blood.  Many  more  would  follow  if  breeders 
would  make  an  energetic  campaign  for  the  farmer’s 
business. 


August  19, 

Quietly  but  steadily  the  use  of  gasoline  trucks 
for  carrying  farm  produce  is  increasing.  We  were 
recently  told  of  a  farmer  who  hauls  100  barrels  of 

produce  on  bis  auto-truck  and  can  go  at  the  rate  of 

15  miles  an  hour.  He  can  make  two  trips  with  this 
machine  while  three  teams  of  horses  are  making 
one,  and  two  more  while  the  horses  are  resting  for 
another  trip !  The  roads  are  smooth  and  hard  in  that 
section.  That  is  part  of  the  game,  for  the  auto¬ 

truck  belongs  on  good  roads.  When  you  read  of 
such  a  truck  coughing  off  with  the  load  of  six  horses 
as  fast  as  they  could  trot,  you  want  to  go  back  half 
a  century  and  realize  the  contrast.  Last  week  a  man 
was  imprisoned  in  a  Western  mine  80  feet  below 
ground.  They  bored  six-inch  holes  down  to  him,  let 
down  food,  a  telephone,  and  even  an  electric  light 
while  he  was  being  dug  out.  You  see  an  entire 

community  will  stop  work  to  help  save  the  dying. 
How  can  we  get  them  to  take  a  little  time  to  help 
save  the  living? 

* 

The  old  question  about  using  milk  from  cows  fed 
on  silage  comes  up  again  on  page  846.  We  thought 
this  matter  was  settled  when  the  Bordens  decided  to 
accept  milk  from  cows  fed  on  silage  from  inspected 
silos,  bor  years  this  company  refused  to  permit  its 
patrons  to  feed  silage.  During  this  period,  however, 
they  admitted  that  well-made  silage  from  matured 
corn  was  a  good  and  wholesome  food.  They  objected 
to  the  poor  stuff  which  was  made  from  unripe  corn 
in  poor  or  leaking  silos.  That  covers  the  whole 
story.  No  one  would  want  milk  made  from  feeding 
rotten  hay  or-  grain,  but  that  would  be  no  reason  for 
rejecting  milk  where  such  feed  was  fit.  As  we  see 
on  page  846.  the  New  York  State  institutions  use 
milk  from  silage-fed  cows  and  find  it  suitable.  The 
best  “certified  milk”  we  know  of  is  from  a  dairy 
where  silage  is  fed,  in  fact  the  properly  made  silo  is 
just  as  much  a  fixture  in  the  production  of  good  milk 
as  the  pasture.  There  ought  not  to  be  any  further 
argument  about  it. 

* 

At  the  New  York  State  Fruit  Growers’  meeting 
last  Winter  representatives  of  six  State  societies  got 
together  and  agreed  upon  a  law  to  enable  fruit  grow¬ 
ers  to  guarantee  their  pack.  Thomas  B.  Wilson,  of 
Ontario  County,  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  took 
charge  of  the  bill,  and  secured  its  passage.  The  bill 
prohibits  the  sale  of  fruit  marked  as  “New  York 
State  grown”  unless  such  fruit  is  actually  grown  in 
this  State.  It  is  unlawful  to  take  another  man’s 
empty  packages,  fill  them  once  more  with  fruit,  and 
sell  them  without  erasing  his  name  and  trade  mark. 
The  standard  grade  for  apples  is  made  as  follows: 

Apples  of  one  variety  which  are  well-grown  speci¬ 
mens,  hand-picked,  of  good  color  for  the  variety,  normal 
shape,  practically  free  from  insect  and  fungus  injury, 
bruises  and  other  defects  except  such  as  are  necessarily 
caused  in  the  operation  of  packing,  or  apples  of  one 
variety  which  are  not  more  than  10  per  centum  below 
the  foregoing  specifications  are  standard  grade;  size  A, 
if  the  minimum  size  of  apples  is  two  and  one-half  inches 
in  transverse  diameter,  or  are  standard  grade,  size  B, 
if  the  minimum  size  of  the  apples  is  two  and  one-fourth 
inches  in  transverse  diameter,  or  are  standard  grade, 
size  C,  if  the  minimum  size  of  the  apples  is  two  inches 
in  transverse  diameter. 

Mr.  Wilson,  who  fathered  the  bill,  gives  us  this 
statement  of  what  it  was  intended  to  bring  about : 

The  hill  establishes  a  standard  grade  which  is  guaran¬ 
teed,  so  if  you  buy  a  barrel  of  apples  with  the  mark, 
“Standard  A  Grade,  packed  by  T.  B.  Wilson,”  you  will 
know  they  are  practically  free  from  blemish  and  worms, 
of  good  color,  and  2 Mi  inches  in  diameter.  If  not,  I  am 
good  for  it.  The  Standard  B  and  C  grades  are  just 
as  good  apples,  but  are  2 %  and  two  inch  apples.  This 
is  to  allow  Spitzenberg,  Snow,  Scott’s  Winter  and  other 
small  varieties  to  be  sold  for  first  grade.  The  bill  goes 
a  little  further  and  forbids  any  one  marking  so  as  to 
deceive  the  consumer  on  any  pack,  but  it  only  applies  the 
standard  grade  to  those  who  wish  to  use  the  mark.  In 
tins  way  the  buyers  can  make  two  prices  without  hurting 
their  trade. 


BREVITIES. 

The  German  pound  contains  500  grains — 17.637  English 
ounces. 

Barley  is  the  grain  for  late  seeding  for  a  fodder  crop 
this  year. 

Never  depend  on  the  word  of  a  land  liar  for  the  true 
“lay  of  the  land.” 

No  hoy  or  girl  is  worth  educating  who  will  not  and  has 
not  “earned  by  use  the  right  to  their  hands  and  feet.” 

An  American  city  in  Washington  nas  contracted  for 
electric  power  sent  over  the  line  from  British  Columbia. 

In  Western  India,  from  June  until  September,  there  is 
a  rainfall  of  175  inches!  This  flood  has  in  former  years 
been  largely  wasted.  Now  it  will  be  held  in  storage  and 
used  for  irrigating  and  for  electric  power. 

The  fishing  waters  of  the  Caspian  Sea  are  divided  into 
plots  and  let  out  by  the  government  at  auction.  Two 
firms  combined  and  hid  in  the  right  to  fish  in  two  thirds 
of  all  the  fish  water.  This  crowded  out  the  smaller  fisher¬ 
men  and  made  a  monopoly.  Thus  both  land  and  water 
are  being  monopolized.  Next  it  will  oe  the  air  for  Hying 
machines. 


U>  1  1 . 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


K43 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — Organized  for  the  purpose 
of  conducting  a  crusade  against  smoking 
in  public  or  semi-public  places,  the  Non- 
Smokers’  Protective  League  of  America, 
witti  its  principal  office  in  New  York  City 
filed  papers  of  Incorporation  August  2.  with 
Secretary  of  State  Lazansky.  The  league 
will  attempt  to  encourage  and  insist  on 
the  enforcement  of  laws,  ordinances  and 
regulations  restricting  smoking.  The  di¬ 
rectors  include  Dr.  llarvey  W.  Wiley,  of 
Washington,  president  of  the  American 
Therapeutical  Society ;  William  A.  Me- 
Keever,  Kansas  Agricultural  University ; 
Chancellor  James  R.  Day,  Syracuse  Uni¬ 
versity  ;  Jay  W.  Seaver,  New  llaven  ;  G.  L. 
Babri  and  Dr.  Charles  G.  Pease,  New 
York ;  Thomas  B.  Stowell,  University  of 
Southern  California ;  Burt  G.  Wilder,  Cor¬ 
nell  University ;  the  Rev.  Dr.  Jenkin  Lloyd 
Jones,  Chicago ;  David  Starr  Jordan,  Bo¬ 
land  Stanford  University,  and  Winfield  S. 
Hall,  Northwestern  University, 

Disclosures  of  the  most  damaging  nature, 
so  far  as  regards  the  conduct  of  the  indus¬ 
trial  departments  of  health  and  accident 
insurance  companies,  were  made  August  2 
to  the  special  committee  of  State  insurance 
commissioners  in  session  at  the  Hotel 
Manhattan,  New  York,  according  to  re¬ 
ports  received  from  various  examiners  of 
insurance.  Much  of  the  data  has  been 
taken  from  the  books  of  the  companies  by 
the  examiners.  It  was  found  that  some 
companies  compromised  claims  with  the 
poor  and  with  the  ill  and  suffering,  so 
that  the  beneficiaries  received  less  money 
than  the  policies  called  for.  None  of  the 
seven  commissioners  would  make  a  state¬ 
ment  in  advance  of  their  report  on  August 
14.  It  will  be  submitted  to  the  national 
insurance  commissioners’  convention  in 
Milwaukee  on  August  22,  with  the  inten¬ 
tion  of  having  proposed  reforms  instituted. 
All  the  companies  will  have  a  chance  to 
make  replies  to  the  reports  of  the  exami¬ 
ners. 

Edwin  E.  Jackson,  Jr.,  who  was  the  su¬ 
pervisor  of  the  various  steel  wire  pools 
that  tin'  Government  has  been  prosecuting, 
was  fined  $45. 000  August  4  by  Judge 
Archbald  for  the  part  he  played '  in  their 
formation  and  administration.  Ho  re¬ 
turned  from  Europe  in  order  to  plead  to 
the  indictments.  In  all  ten  of  the  eighty- 
four  men  under  indictment  came  before 
Judge  Archbald  August  4  and  changed 
their  pleas  of  not  guilty  to  ones  of  nolo 
contendere.  Herbert  L.  Satteriee,  the  son- 
in-law  of  J.  I’.  Morgan,  was  also  of  these 
and  paid  his  fine  of  $1,000.  Jackson’s 
fine  was  the  one  exception  that  has  been 
made  in  all  the  wire  pool  cases  that  have 
come  up.  All  heretofore  have  been  fined 
$1,000  on  the  first  count  and  $100  each  on 
each  succeeding  count.  But  there  were  spe¬ 
cial  circumstances  that  induced  the  court 
to  levy  the  maximum  fine  of  $5,000  in  each 
of  the  nine  counts  against  Jackson. 

Three  coaches  attached  to  a  southbound 
passenger  train  on  the  Wichita  Valley 
route  were  thrown  from  the  tracks  by  a 
tornado  at  renicks,  Texas,  August  4. 
Practically  every  passenger,  about  30,  re¬ 
ceived  more  or  less  severe  bruises.  One 
infant  was  fatally  hurt. 

Attracted  by  signals  of  distress  from 
Bardwell  Island,  a  barren  rock  near  the 
entrance  to  Resurrection  Bay,  Alaska,  the 
steamship  Bertha,  on  August  2,  sent  out  a 
small  boat  and  took  off  two  ragged  and 
starving  men,  Charles  Alexander  and  Al¬ 
vin  Anderson.  The  men  had  been  on  the 
island  for  two  months,  and  would  have 
perished  but  for  the  arrival  of  Jhe  Bertha. 
The  men  left  Kodiak  on  May  11  in  a 
dory  on  a  prospecting  voyage.  About  June 
1  a  storm  upset  their  craft  off  Bardwell 
Island  and  their  provisions  and  outfit  were 
lost  in  the  sea.  They  managed  to  get 
ashore,  but  with  practically  nothing  but 
their  clothing.  The  men.  who  had  a  few 
matches,  lived  for  a  month  on  mussels, 
clams,  young  gulls,  seaweed  and  wild  herbs 
which  they  cooked.  After  their  matches 
gave  out,  about  July  1,  they  ate  their  food 
raw.  Two  vessels  passed  without  noticing 
their  signals  of  distress. 

The  Wilson  line  Francisco,  from  Hull, 
brought  to  port  at  New  York  August  7 
from  mid-Atlantic  ten  shipwrecked  French 
seamen  and  three  passengers  of  the  three- 
masted  schooner  Charles  Henry.  The  men 
were  in  a  bad  way  when  the  Francisco 
came  upon  them  and  could  not  have  lasted 
much  longer  on  their  water  logged  and  dis¬ 
masted  vessel.  The  Charles  Henry  left  St. 
Pierre  Miquelon  several  weeks  ago  in  com¬ 
mand  of  Captain  Pen,  with  a  cargo  of  fish 
for  Havre.  She  carried  a  crew  of  ten 
men  and  three  French  fishermen  who  were 
returning  to  France  as  passengers.  On 
July  2(1  she  encountered  a  heavy  storm. 
Her  seams  opened  rapidly  and  tons  of 
water  flooded  her  from  stem  to  stern.  The 
pumps  were  kept  working  constantly  for 
four  days.  The  schooner  was  sighted  by 
the  Francisco  on  July  30.  A  lifeboat  was 
sent  out  and  shipwrecked  men  were  taken 
off. 

W.  It.  Laidlaw,  who  acted  as  a  shield  for 
Russel  Sage  when  a  crank  hurled  a  bomb 
at  the  financier  in  his  New  York  office  in 
1891,  died  at  the  Bronx  Home  for  Incur¬ 
ables  August  7.  As  a  result  of  his  injuries 
in  Mr.  Sage’s  office  Mr.  Laidlaw  was  un¬ 
able  to  support  himself  during  the  last  few 
years  of  his  life,  and  was  cared  for  by  his 
sisters.  Laidlaw  was  employed  as  a  clerk 
by  the  firm  of  John  Bloodgood  &  Co.,  and 
had  gone  to  the  office  of  Mr.  Sage,  at 
Broadway  and  Rector  street,  to  deliver 
some  papers  when  Norcross  made  the  at¬ 
tempt  on  the  financier’s  life.  The  insane 
man  had  demanded  $2,000,000,  and  Mr. 
Sage  was  arguing  with  him  when  Laidlaw 
entered  unexpectedly.  Laidlaw  contended 
afterward  that  the  aged  financier  seized 
him  and  drew  him  between  himself  and  the 
crazy  man.  Norcross  dropped  the  bomb, 
and  the  explosion  blew  him  to  pieces  and 
injured  several  persons  in  the  office  besides 
Laidlaw.  The  only  part  of  Norcross’  body 
that  was  found  was  his  head,  which  was 
picked  up  across  Rector  street  on  the  pave¬ 
ment  alongside  Trinity  churchyard.  A 
damage  suit  brought  by  '  Laidlaw 
against  Sage  was  brought  to  trial  four 
times.  Twice  the  plaintiff  obtained  a  ver¬ 
dict,  first  for  $25,000  and  at  the  fourth 
trial  one  for  $43,000,  but  each  time  the 
Court  of  Appeals  reversed  the  verdict.  The 
litigation  extended  over  a  period  of  about 
10  years.  Mr.  Sage  fought  the  suit  vigor¬ 
ously.  Joseph  H.  Choate  appeared  as  coun¬ 
sel  for  Laidlaw  at  the  last  trial.  Laidlaw 
had  impoverished  himself  and  was  forced 
to  give  up  the  fight  in  the  courts,  it  was 
said.  Afterward  he  looked  to  Mrs.  Sage 


for  help,  but  such  bitterness  had  been 
stirred  up  by  the  suits  that  she  never  felt 
inclined  to  assist  him. 

A  bomb  partly  destroyed  the  plant  of  the 
Victor  Jensen  Electrical  Supply  Company 
at  Chicago  August  8.  Windows  within  a 
block  of  the  building  were  shattered  by  the 
force  of  the  explosion.  The  firm  employs 
non-union  workmen,  and  the  police  believe 
that  representatives  of  a  labor  union  are 
responsible  for  the  explosion.  The  rear 
end  of  the  building  was  wrecked.  The 
damage  will  exceed  $2,000. 

The  way  for  the  final  admission  of  the 
territories  of  New  Mexico  and  Arizona  into 
the  Union  was  cleared  by  the  Senate  Au¬ 
gust  8  by  the  adoption,  with  unimportant 
amendments,  of  the  House  resolution  ap¬ 
proving  the  two  constitutions  by  a  vote  so 
largo  that  a  Presidential  veto  is  untimely,  or 
might  even  be  overruled,  although  it  is  a 
question  how  many  Senators  who  voted  for 
the  measure  would  vote  to  override  the 
Executive  veto.  On  the  final  passage  the 
ayes  were  53  and  the  noes  18.  The  Nel¬ 
son  amendment  which,  in  effect,  eliminated 
the  provision  in  the  Arizona  constitution 
relating  to  the  recall  of  judges,  was  re¬ 
jected  by  a  vote  of  43  to  26.  In  general, 
the  Democrats  opposed  the  Nelson  amend¬ 
ment  and  voted  to  approve  the  constitu¬ 
tions. 

FARM  AND  GARDEN.— Ten  thousand 
men  passed  through  Montreal  August  3  on 
their  way  to  the  wheat  fields  of  the  Cana¬ 
dian  West.  Among  them  was  a  party 
of  400  New  Englanders.  Seven  hundred 
were  from  Nova  Scotia.  Many  are  land 
seekers,  but  all  are  pledged  to  work  through 
the  harvesting  season.  They  are  traveling 
on  special  trains  and  hundreds  of  them 
have  their  wives  with  them. 

Governor  Dix  August  4  appointed  the  fol¬ 
lowing  as  members  of  the  State  Advisory 
Board  which  is  to  consider  plans  for  the 
promotion  of  agricultural  education  and  the 
advancement  of  country  life:  Senator  Ralph 
W.  Thomas  of  Hamilton,  Gouverneur  Mor¬ 
ris  Carnochan  of  New  City  and  Calvin  J. 
Huson  of  Penn  Yan.  The  other  members 
of  the  board  are :  Commissioner  of  Educa¬ 
tion  Draper,  Commissioner  of  Agriculture 
Pearson,  Dean  L.  II.  Bailey  of  New  York 
State  College  of  Agriculture,  W.  II.  Jordan, 
director  of  the  New  York  Agricultural  Ex¬ 
periment  Station  ;  V.  A.  Moore,  director  of 
the  New  York  State  Veterinary  College ;  O. 
S.  Morgan,  director  of  the  State  Schools  of 
Agriculture  at  Alfred  University;  Dean  II. 
E.  Cook,  director  of  the  St.  Lawrence  Uni¬ 
versity,  and  F.  G.  Ilelyar,  director  of  tin; 
Morrisville  Agriculture  School.  The  board 
was  created  by  a  recent  act  of  the  Legisla¬ 
ture.  The  members  of  it  are  to  serve  with¬ 
out  compensation. 

The  New  York  State  Conservation  Com¬ 
mission  is  trying  to  get  accurate  information 
regarding  a  disease  fatal  to  the  chestnut 
tree  which  has  appeared  in  this  State.  C. 
R.  Pettis,  superintendent  of  State  forests, 
through  a  circular  letter  sent  to  various 
sections  of  the  State,  is  endeavoring  to  find 
out  where  the  disease  is  at  present,  the 
length  of  time  it  has  been  attacking  the 
trees,  and  the  extent  of  the  damage.  Thomas 
Davy  Candy  of  Langhorne,  near  Philadel¬ 
phia,  declares  that  lie  has  discovered  the 
cause  of  the  blight  which  is  withering  chest¬ 
nut  trees  in  the  Middle  and  South  Atlantic 
States.  A  boring  beetle,  one  sixteenth  of 
an  inch  long,  black  in  color,  which  lays  its 
eggs  between  the  outer  and  inner  barks,  is 
the  primary  cause,  he  says.  Grubs  are 
hatched  from  the  eggs,  and  these  penetrate 
the  soft  inner  bark,  following  its  course 
around  the  trunk.  Above  the  path  of  the 
borer  Occurs  the  blighted  appearance.  .Myr¬ 
iads  of  the  tiny  worms  were  found  upon  the 
single  tree  upon  which  Mr.  Candy  has  con¬ 
centrated  his  search.  The  results  of  their 
depredations  was  so  extensive  that  the  tree, 
lie  says,  appears  to  have  been  scorched  by 
fire.  The  blight  has  become  so  serious  in 
Pennsylvania  that  the  Legislature  appropri¬ 
ated  $275,000  to  a  commission  appointed  by 
the  Governor  to  Investigate  the  cause  of  the 
disease  and  to  devise  ways  for  extermin¬ 
ating  it. 

The  American  Poultry  Association  August 
7  at  Denver  went  on  record  as  denouncing 
the  hen  as  a  loafer.  It  was  declared  that 
the  average  lien  now  lays  only  80  eggs  a 
year,  while  she  should  be  made  to  lay  at 
least  150.  Five  hundred  delegates  are  de¬ 
liberating  and  by  the  time  the  convention 
is  over  the  word  will  go  out  that  it  is  up 
to  the  hens  of  this  country  to  increase  the 
nation’s  yearly  production  of  wealth  by 
$400,000,000.  Sounds  mighty  big,  but  it 
all  lies  within  the  power  of  the  hen,  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  estimate  which  Grant  Curtis, 
a  member  of  the  executive  committee  of 
the  national  organization  has  made.  The 
executive  committee  also  reported  that  poul¬ 
try  raising  should  be  more  largely  adver¬ 
tised  and  declared  it  the  best  business  for 
a  young  man  to  enter.  It  is  declared  that 
eggs  should  bo  made  the  “poor  man’s  food” 
by  their  abundance. 


DIARY  OF  FARM  WORK. 

Work  on  a  Truck  Farm. 

This  is  Saturday  night,  July  29.  Dur¬ 
ing  the  entire  month  things  have  been 
going  at  high  pressure.  In  June  Mr. 
J  nicker  attended  a  grass  sale  on  a  neigh¬ 
boring  farm  and  purchased  23  acres  of 
meadow  Timothy.  Getting  this  made  ex¬ 
tra  work  at  a  time  when  truck  crops  need¬ 
ed  most  attention,  and  it  required  neat 
management  at  times  to  fit  trucking  and 
haymaking.  But  by  cultivating,  hoeing 
and  laying  by  truck  in  the  morning ;  haul¬ 
ing  hay  in  the  afternoon,  and  having 
things  convenient  for  unloading,  it  was 
accomplished.  Sixty-five  loads  were  gath¬ 
ered  from  the  23  acres.  The  weather  from 
July  1  to  15  was  ideal  for  curing  hay  and 
all  went  in  the  barn  in  good  shape  al¬ 
though  the  extreme  heat  made  the  extra 
work  quite  burdensome.  After  the  hay 
was  in  cooler  weather  prevailed,  a  few 
showers  came  and  all  hands  tackled  the 
12-acre  sweet  potato  field  with  new  energy. 
The  sweets  needed  cultivating  for  the  last 
time  quite  badly.  Vines  had  grown  to¬ 
gether,  and  in  many  places  taken  root,  but 
by  running  a  harrow  fitted  with  vine  turn¬ 
ers  ahead  tin1  vines  were  thrown  aside 
so  the  regular  harrow  could  be  used,  after 
which  the  vines  were  thrown  out  by  hand 
and  grass  pulled.  This,  together  with  cul¬ 
tivating  egg  plants,  peppers,  beans,  aspar¬ 
agus,  etc.,  took  some  time,  but  now  most 
crops  are  cleaned  up  and  time  is  spent 
in  preparing  vegetables  for  market,  as 
the  selling  season  is  now  in  full  swing. 


This  week  vegetables  were  marketed  as 
follows:  Monday,  50  crates  tomatoes  (about 
2<i  quarts  each),  52  baskets  tomatoes  (20 
quarts  each),  53  baskets  eggplants,  12  bas¬ 
kets  cucumbers,  12  baskets  apples.  Tues¬ 
day,  128  baskets  tomatoes,  25  paskets 
onions,  17  baskets  eggplants,  20  baskets 
squashes,  4  baskets  apples  and  one  basket 
cantaloupes.  Wednesday,  171  baskets  to¬ 
matoes.  42  crates  tomatoes,  15  baskets  pep¬ 
pers,  19  baskets  squashes,  10  baskets  cab¬ 
bage,  28  baskets  onions  and  two  baskets 
apples.  Thursday,  65  crates  tomatoes,  148 
baskets  tomatoes,  32  baskets  eggplants,  9 
baskets  cucumbers,  20  baskets  cabbage,  two 
baskets  cantaloupes  and  one  basket  yellow 
(plum  shape)  tomatoes.  Friday,  65  crates 
tomatoes,  179  baskets  tomatoes,  20  baskets 
apples,  10  baskets  eggplants  and  II  baskets 
squash.  Saturday,  161  baskets  tomatoes, 
making  a  total  for  the  week  of  1,162  bas¬ 
kets  and  222  crates  of  produce.  Most  of 
this  produce  was  hauled  2*4  miles  and 
shipped  by  boat  to  Philadelphia.  The  work¬ 
ing  force  consists  of  two  day  hands,  two 
men  by  the  month,  three  Italians,  Mr. 
Trucker,  the  boy  and  Trucker,  Jr.  The 
Italians  pick  the  tomatoes  and  gather 
onions  at  2%  cents  a  basket.  Besides  gath¬ 
ering  produce,  other  seasonable  work  was 
done  this  week.  After  onions  were  removed 
an  acre  of  ground  was  plowed  for  late 
sugar  corn.  Ground  earlier  occupied  by 
string  beans  was  plowed ;  then  the  plow 
was  started  in  a  six-acre  field  of  rye  stub¬ 
ble,  four  of  which  will  be  prepared  for 
more  Alfalfa.  Seven  acres  of  late  sowed 
meadow  Timothy  was  cut.  Eight  loads 
were  hauled  and  put  in  two-ton  stacks;  one 
load  of  rakings  will  be  out  over  Sunday. 
At  odd  times  while  hauling  hay  the  day 
hands  worked  in  a  new  bed  of  Gandy  straw¬ 
berries,  and  have  cleaned  up  about  two 
acres.  The  berries  are  in  matted  rows,  and 
pusley,  hogweeds,  crab  grass,  etc.,  make 
tedious  work  with  a  hoe. 

To-day  being  Saturday  there  was  less  to 
gather  and  more  time  to  cultivate  later 
crops.  I  will  give  a  brief  account  of  tue 
day'si  work.  By  5.45  A.  M.  the  milking  and 
barn  work  was  done,  and  breakfast  over. 
Mr.  Trucker  started  the  day  hands  for  the 
strawberries  armed  with  sharp  hoes;  one 
of  the  men  by  the  month  sorted  tomatoes, 
the  other  hoed  peppers.  The  Italians  picked 
tomatoes  ;  they  started  about  5  o'clock.  The 
boy  harrowed  peppers  and  90-day  corn. 
Trucker,  Jr.,  saved  seed  from  four  baskets 
of  tomatoes,  then  harrowed  the  garden ; 
also  a  plot  of  young  asparagus  from  seed 
sown  this  Spring.  Mr.  Trucker,  after  pro¬ 
viding  everyone  with  work,  drove  three 
miles  to  town  and  brought  home  a  mow¬ 
ing  machine  knife  and  a  three-horse  sulky 
plow  to  he  used  for  the  remainder  of  tin; 
Alfalfa  ground,  and  later  for  plowing  the 
tomato  field.  lie  arrived  home  the  middle 
of  the  morning,  and  sorted  tomatoes  until 
11.30  o'clock,  when  the  bell  rang  for  din¬ 
ner.  After  dinner  the  boy  started  for  the 
meadow  with  a  rake,  the  two-day  men  fol¬ 
lowed  with  hay-rack,  and  all  three  worked 
at  hay  through  the  afternoon.  One  of  the 
men  by  the  month  hoed  bush  Lima  beans 
in  the  pear  orchard  ;  the  other,  after  load¬ 
ing  tomatoes,  trimmed  the  lawn.  Mr, 
Trucker  dusted  paris  green  mixed  with 
plaster  on  the  late  white  potatoes  planted 
after  strawberries.  Trucker,  Jr.,  hauled  the 
tomatoes  to  the  boat  and  sold  to  buyers  for 
a  Baltimore  can  house  at  30  (4  cents  a 
bushel,  did  some  erraners  and  got  back  in 
time  for  supper.  As  it  was  Saturday  night 
all  quit  work  at  5  I’.  M.,  an  hour  earlier 
than  on  other  days.  After  a  good  supper 
the  men  went  away  to  spend  the  evening 
as  suited  them  best.  Mr.  Trucker  and  the 
good  wife  drove  to  town.  The  boy  and 
Trucker,  Jr.,  spent  the  evening  in  the  bee 
yard,  where  several  colonies  of  bees  are 
being  transferred ‘from  box  hives  into  frame 
hives,  and  changed  from  black  bees  to  Ital¬ 
ians.  This  was  interesting,  and  darkness 
overtook  them,  much  too  soon,  thus  ending 
a  pleasant  day  on  the  truck  farm. 

South  Jersey.  trgcker,  jk. 

A  New  York  Truck  Farm. 

Commenced  day’s  work  at  5.30  by  pack¬ 
ing  tomatoes  before  breakfast.  Hired  man 
cleaned  and  fed  three  horses,  also  fed  hens. 
Breakfast  over  at  6.40;  four  day  hands 
ready  for  work  at  seven  ;  one;  man  drew  a 
load  of  fertilizer  into  lot  with  team,  an¬ 
other  man  distributed  same  along  rows  of 
celery  with  wheelbarrow  drill,  third  man 
ran  hand  cultivator  to  cultivate  in  ferti¬ 
lizer,  fourth  man  picking  tomatoes.  I 
went  to  station  at  8.30  with  a  load  of  to¬ 
matoes,  celery  and  lettuce ;  home  by  nine. 
Man  with  team  dragging  ground  for  let¬ 
tuce  ;  after  smoothing  same,  went  to  culti¬ 
vating  late  tomatoes.  I  drilled  lettuce  seed 
until  noon.  After  dinner  the  men  finished 
fertilizing  and  cultivating  celery,  and  then 
helped  out  the  man  picking  tomatoes  until 
three  p.  m.  1  sorted  celery  plants  and  the 
men  set  them ;  at  five  it  commenced  to 
rain.  Day  men  went  home;  Frank  and  I 
packed  tomatoes  until  six,  in  the  barn. 
Frank  did  chores  while  I  shut  gates  on  irri¬ 
gated  field.  s.  J.  cook. 

Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Smaller  Doings  with  Bees  and  Fruit. 

We  have  a  rough  hilly  farm  of  62  acres 
with  about  seven  acres  of  apple  orchard, 
and  on  account  of  poor  health  have  not  tried 
to  farm  much  for  the  past  eight  years  ex¬ 
cept  to  take  care  of  the  orchard  and  fruit. 
Our  day’s  work  would  not  be  interesting  ex¬ 
cept  by  contrast  with  the  strenuous  labors 
of  the  dairy  and  grain  farmers.  We  keep 
one  horse,  one  cow,  and  chickens  from  100 
up  to  four  or  five  times  as  many,  also  from 
75  to  125  colonies  of  bees.  This  morning 
up  about  5.15.  I  fed  60  chickens,  100  hens, 
milked  the  cow  and  fed  the  pig.  Elmer 
(age  16)  took  care  of  the  horse,  Orson 
(age  11)  watered  and  staked  out  the  cow. 
Wife  got  breakfast.  After  breakfast  the 
two  oldest  boys  started  for  the  berry  patch 
for  their  day’s  work.  Wife  washed  dishes 
and  cleaned  up,  then  she  and  Carl  (age  6) 
followed  the  boys.  On  account  of  the  severe 
drought,  the  berry  picking  is  not  up  to  the 
standard,  hut  the  day’s  record  was  Elmer 
76,  Orson  51,  wife  57,  Carl  14.  These 
were  the  Columbia  raspberries  on  one-year- 
old  bushes,  or  as  we  call  them,  creepers. 
On  account  of  a  crushed  heel  which  makes 
it  difficult  to  get  around,  I  did  not  get  to 
the  carrot  patch  as  I  wanted  to,  but  worked 
in  the  shop  and  honey  house.  I  extracted 
in  the  morning  29  supers  of  honey,  about 
450  pounds,  cooked  dinner  and  built  a  grain 
cradle  except  the  snath  and  scythe,  at¬ 
tended  to  a  couple  of  cases  of  robbing  in  the 
bee  yard,  read  the  daily  paper  a  little  and 
we  had  supper  about  6.30.  After  supper 
we  did  chores  about  as  in  the  morning,  then 


I  replaced  about  40  supers  on  the  hives, 
sorted  out  a  dozen  hens  that  I  thought  were 
boarders,  caught  20  broilers,  and  quit  about 
9.30.  This  has  been  the  poorest  season  for 
the  bees  that  I  have  ever  known  or  I  might 
hav  given  you  a  livelier  day's  record.  We 
have  quite  a  showing  of  apples  in  our  or¬ 
chard,  I  should  say  about  50  per  cent  of  a 
crop,  since  the  rain  on  the  16th  they  began 
to  grow  finely.  j.  a.  crane. 

Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y. 


THE  WAYNE  CO.,  N.  Y.,  FRUIT  GROWERS. 

Wednesday,  August  2.— To-day  the  Wayne 
County  Fruit  Growers’  Association  held 
their  annual  Summer  field  meeting  here  on 
our  farm.  About  00(1  were  in  attendance 
and  those  coming  in  automobiles,  of  whom 
there  were  a  large  number,  began  assem¬ 
bling  as  early  as  half-past  eight.  The 
morning  was  devoted  to  orchard  inspection, 
special  interest  being  shown  in  apple  trees, 
which  are  being  treated  for  collar-rot  and 
for  canker,  and  in  a  50-year-old  apple  or¬ 
chard  which  has  been  “dishorned”  by  cut¬ 
ting  about  12  feet  from  the  tops  of  the 
trees.  It  has  been  found  necessary  to  prop 
nearly  every  tree  on  this  orchard,  the 
Greenings  especially  promising  now  over 
10O  per  cent  of  a  crop. 

For  canker  and  collar-rot,  the  dead  wood 
is  cut  and  scraped  away  much  as  a  dentist 
prepares  the  cavity  of  a  tooth.  Then  cor¬ 
rosive  sublimate  is  applied  to  the  hard  live 
wood  underneath,  and  the  whole  painted 
with  ordinary  gas  tar.  There  is  another 
tree  in  the  same  orchard  which  has  a  cavity 
filled  with  cement.  The  tree  was  planted 
in  1824,  and  years  ago  lost  a  limb.  It 
rotted  in  and  was  in  bad  shape.  Conse¬ 
quently  the  cement  experiment.  After  the 
tramp  around  the  orchards  the  ladies  of  one 
of  the  churches  served  lunch  in  the  village 
hall.  At  1.30  all  reassembled  at  the  Corn¬ 
wall  farm  to  listen  to  the  addresses.  Great 
regret  was  expressed  over  the  absence  of 
Mr.  (  ollingwood,  as  his  friends  and  readers 
in  this  region  were  looking  forward  with 
great  pleasure  to  hearing  him  again.  The 
speakers  were  introduced  by  W.  P.  Rogers, 
president  of  the  association.  Mr.  Samuel 
Fraser  of  Gcneseo  had  charge  of  the  ques¬ 
tion  box.  Among  other  things  he  explained 
twig  blight  or  fire  blight,  which  is  quite 
prevalent  here.  Cause  bacteria  ;  cure  is  to 
cut  out  the  dead  wood  about  one  foot  below 
the  infected  part  and  treat  with  corrosive 
sublimate,  taking  care  to  disinfect  the  knife 
each  time.  lie  also  explained  his  method 
of  pruning  young  trees,  which  is  nor,  to 
prune  at  all.  Great  interest  was  shown  in 
the  remarks  of  Mr.  Remington,  of  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad,  who  attended  the 
meeting  with  several  other  officials  of  the 
road.  lie  explained  the  “second-morning” 
delivery  into  New  York  City  and  Boston 
from  the  lake  belt. 

The  growers  reported  large  crops  of 
peaches  and  apples;  also  that  less  damage 
was  done  to  this  section  by  the  big  wind¬ 
storm  of  ten  days  ago  than  was  suffered  in 
other  counties.  One  of  the  pleasant  fea¬ 
tures  of  the  meeting  was  the  attendance  of 
a  large  number  of  farmers’  wives  and 
daughters.  Some  were  enthusiastic  enough 
to  tramp  through  the  orchards  with  their 
husbands  in  spite  of  the  heat  and  plowed 
ground.  To  listen  to  tnese  ladies  talk 
would  be  an  education  for  those  city  folks 
and  some  writers  lor  the  press,  whose  cry 
is  the  great  need  of  the  “rural  uplift.’  It 
would  be  hard  to  find  an  equally  large 
gathering  of  women  in  a  large  city  who 
looked  as  contented  and  happy  and  intelli¬ 
gent.  At  the  close  of  this  strenuous  day 
we  felt  that  such  gatherings  of  fruit  grow¬ 
ers  and  farmers  cannot  be  too  much  entour- 
aged  and  may  be  developed  into  a  great 
power  in  the  agricultural  business. 

New  York.  f.  w.  Cornwall. 


Crops  in  this  vicinity  fairly  good  (south¬ 
ern  part  of  Onondaga  County).  Early  set 
cabbage  good,  but  late  set  poor.  Drought 
has  hurt  potatoes.  l’astures  very  poor; 
most  farmers  feeding  milch  cows.  Apples, 
plums  and  pears  good.  Milk  $1.64  at  ship¬ 
ping  station.  Hay  very  light.  n.  a.  f. 

Lafayette,  N.  Y. 

We  have  had  very  fine  weather  for  har¬ 
vesting  hay  and  wheat;  it  was  secured 
without  any  rain.  Oat  harvest  has  just 
begun,  not  a  heavy  crop,  and  I  think  g.ain 
will  he  light  weight.  Wheat  is  thrasning 
out  40  bushels  per  acre.  Early  potatoes 
are  turuing  out  very  poor.  The  wind  lias 
blown  off  many  apples.  Wheat,  80  cents 
per  bushel;  oats,  40  cents;  old  potatoes, 
$1.25  per  bushel;  new  potatoes,  60  cents 
per  peck.  Buyers  are  offering  $18  per  ton 
for  new  hay  to  bale.  Butter,  18  cents  per 
pound ;  eggs,  18  cents  per  dozen. 

Canandaigua,  N.  Y.  e.  t.  b. 

Yesterday,  August  3,  we  had  the  first 
effective  rain  since  Spring.  All  crops  short, 
many  a  failure.  Potatoes  have  been  sell¬ 
ing  for  $4  to  $5,  string  beaus  $5  to  $7  per 
barrel,  cabbage,  $2 ;  eggs,  25  cents.  Fruit 
crop  light.  But  few  gardeners  made  any¬ 
thing  this  season.  A  good  farm  here  under 
irrigation  this  season  would  have  made  a 
fortune.  There  is  lots  of  water  going  to 
waste  that  might  be  utilized,  and  lots  of 
money  not  made  that  might  be  made.  Far 
more  than  enough  could  have  been  made 
this  season  to  have  put  a  hundred  farms 
along  a  stream  that  runs  past  my  place 
under  irrigation.  When  will  the  capitalist 
wake  up  to  the  country’s  needs?  When 
he  can  no  longer  find  any  farm  produce 
for  sale?  There  must  be  some  improve¬ 

ment.  I  think  it  is  well  to  have  some  of 
the  dry  seasons  to  get  somebody  awake  and 
on  deck  before  a  greater  storm  arises. 

We  farmers  are  very  appreciative  to  the 

men  that  have  made  their  millions  from 
our  produce  for  their  kind  advice,  and  it 
would  be  far  move  appreciated  would  they 
be  half  so  kind  with  their  capital  as  they 
are  with  their  advice.  I  feel  sorry  for 

the  millionaires  who  have  such  a  hard  time 
to  find  something  to  give  to  some  of  their 
troublesome  millions  to,  and  when  they  do 
find  it  they  give  so  conditionally,  "just 
enough  in  order  to  get  notorietv.  If  they 
would  come  to  the  l\olp  of  the  farmers  by 
putting  money  in  irrigation  and  drainage 
loans  they  might  stand  a  chance  of  getting 
their  names  tacked  up  on  some  willow  trees 
and  at  the  same  time  got  a  goodly  interest 
from  a  sure  thing,  for  we  fanners  are  very 
independent.  We  do  not  wish  them  to  give 
us  anything;  all  we  would  ask  is  a  loan 
of  some  of  the  money  gotten  from  our 
labor  that  we  may  so  improve  our  farms 
that  we  can  make  35  cents  for  ourselves 
and  65  for  them.  i».  f.  skinner. 

Maryland. 


844 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

LAZA  HUS. 

["Remember  that  thou  hast  in  thy  life¬ 
time  reccivcdst  tliy  good  things  and  likewise 
Lazarus  evil  things.”] 

Still  he  lingers,  where  wealth  and  fashion 
Meet  together  to  dine  or  play. 

Lingers,  a  matter  of  vague  compassion, 

Out  in  the  darkness  across  the  way ; 

Out  beyond  the  warmth  and  glitter, 

And  the  light  where  luxury’s  laughter 
rings, 

Lazarus  waits,  where  the  wind  is  bitter, 
Receiving  his  evil  things. 

Still  you  find  him,  when,  breathless,  burning 
Summer  flames  upon  square  and  street, 
When  the  fortunate  ones  of  earth  are  turn¬ 
ing 

Their  thoughts  to  meadows  and  meadow¬ 
sweet  ; 

For  far  away  from  the  wide  green  valley, 
And  the  bramble  patch  where  the  white- 
throat  sings, 

Lazarus  sweats  in  his  crowded  alley, 
Receiving  his  evil  things. 

And  all  the  time  from  a  thousand  rostrums 
Wise  men  preach  upon  him  and  his  woes, 
Each  with  his  bundle  of  noisy  nostrums 
Torn  to  tatters  ’twixt  ayes  and  noes, 

Sage  and  Socialist,  gush  and  glamor, 

Yet  little  relief  their  wisdom  brings, 

For  there's  nothing  for  him  out  of  all  the 
clamor, 

Nothing  but  evil  things. 

Royal  commissions,  creeds,  convictions, 
Learnedly  argue  and  write  and  speak. 

Rut  the  happy  issue  of  these  afflictions, 
Lazarus  waits  for  It  week  by  week. 

Still  he  seeks  it  to-day,  to-morrow. 

In  purposeless  pavement  wanderings, 

Or  dreams  it,  a  huddled  heap  of  sorrow, 
Receiving  his  evil  things. 

And  some  will  toll  you  of  evolution 
With  social  science  thereto  ;  and  some 
Look  forth  to  the  parable’s  retribution. 

When  the  lot  Is  changed  in  the  life  to 
come, 

To  the  trumpet  sound  and  the  great  awak¬ 
ening, 

To  one  with  healing  upon  ITls  wings 
In  tlie  house  of  many  mansions  making 
An  end  of  the  evil  things. 

In  the  name  of  knowledge  the  race  grows 
healthier, 

In  the  name  of  freedom  the  world  grows 
great, 

And  men  are  wiser,  and  men  are  wealthier, 
But  Lazarus  lies  at  the  rich  man’s  gate  ; 
Lies  as  he  lay  through  human  history, 

Through  fame  of  heroes  and  pomp  of 
kings, 

At  the  rich  man’s  gate,  an  abiding  mystery, 
Receiving  his  evil  things. 

— Alfred  Cochrane,  In  the  London  Spectator. 
* 

The  family  at  the  supper  table  had 
been  discussing  a  horse  frightened  by 
an  automobile  into  running  away,  says 
Everybody’s  Magazine.  After  silently 
listening  for  a  while,  little  Mary  finally 
looked  up  from  her  plate. 

“I  don’t  blame  horses,”  she  said,  “for 
being  afraid  of  automobiles.  You  would 
be,  too,  if  you  were  a  horse.” 

“Why,  Mary?”  asked  her  father. 
“Well,”  said  Mary,  “wouldn’t  you  be 
scared  if  you  saw  a  pair  of  pants  com¬ 
ing  along  without  a  man  in  them?” 

* 

A  very  smart  tailored  suit  recently 
seen  was  gray  and  white  mixed  home- 
spun,  a  very  plain  short  coat  and  the 
prevailing  model  of  skirt  with  a  box 
pleat  stitched  flat  at  both  back  and 
front.  The  touch  that  gave  it  extra 
style  was  a  collar  and  cuffs  of  purple 
pique,  the  collar  being  the  shallow  sailor 
shape  at  the  back,  coming  down  in  deep 
revers  at  the  front.  The  effect  was 
very  becoming  and  very  stylish.  The 
same  idea  could  be  carried  out  in  any 
color  found  becoming,  either  plain  or 
striped,  but  purple  or  violet  is  especially 
attractive  on  gray.  In  the  Fall  a  little 
hat  of  gray  velvet  trimmed  with  violets 
or  of  velvet  in  amethyst  shades,  would 
be  very  attractive  with  the  gray  suit  so 
decorated. 

* 

Here  is  a  highly  recommended  maple 
sugar  cake:  Have  ready  a  cupful  of 
grated  maple  sugar,  a  third  of  a  cup¬ 
ful  of  butter,  one  egg,  two-thirds  of  a 
cupful  of  milk,  \l/t  cupful  of  flour,  and 
two  teaspoonfuls  of  baking  powder. 
Cream  the  butter  and  sugar ;  add  the 


yolk  of  the  egg,  and  when  well  beaten, 
stir  in  the  milk.  Then  mix  the  whole 
with  the  flour  and  baking  powder 
sifted  together  twice.  Beat  the  white  of 
the  egg  and  fold  it  in  last  of  all.  Bake 
the  cake  in  a  rather  shallow  bread  loaf 
tin.  This  cake  may  be  served  hot,  with 
butter,  for  luncheon,  like  molasses  cake, 
but  in  smaller  quantities,  as  it  is  richer, 
or  it  may  be  allowed  to  become  cold 
and  then  cut  in  squares,  and  frosted 
with  a  simple  maple  icing.  A  novel 
frosting  for  this  cake  is  a  plain  white 
icing,  with  maple  sugar  grated  over  it. 
* 

Modern  critics  often  complain  that 
among  all  the  modern  fads  and  accom¬ 
plishments  many  children  arc  never 
taught  to  speak  correctly  or  to  write 
an  intelligent  letter.  It  is  a  fact  that 
few  young  people  nowadays  write  fam¬ 
ily  letters  that  are  as  clearly  expressed 
as  some  that  have  come  down  from  the 
past.  We  recently  met  with  a  letter 
written  November  .28,  1685,  by  little 
Sally  Brindley,  of  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  to  her 
grandmother  in  England,  which  shows 
a  well-trained  mind  and  lively  intelli¬ 
gence,  which  would  be  creditable  to  a 
little  Pennsylvania  girl  in  our  present 
day  of  improved  schools.  She  says : 

Our  new  bouse  is  nil  done;  1  wish  that 
thee  could  see  our  big  kitchen.  It  has  a 
fireplace  entirely  across  one  end  of  the  room. 
Father  brings  the  backlog  iu  with  the 
horse,  and  when  the  boys  pile  wood  up 
against  it,  such  a  fine  fire  as  it  does  make  ! 

There  Is  a  little  narrow  window  near  the 
chimney  where  the  spinning-wheel  stands. 
I’ve  learned  to  bake  cakes  on  the  coals. 
We  have  a  Dutch  oven  now.  I  wish  thee 
could  have  seen  our  garden  this  Summer. 
Besides  the  rows  of  sage,  and  camomile, 
thyme,  comfrcy  and  rue,  witli  yarrow  and 
some  onions,  we  have  great  big  love-apples 
(tomatoes).  They  are  almost  as  large  as 
an  apple.  They  grow  on  a  bushy  plant 
which  starts  from  a  seed  in  the  Spring. 
Uncle  .lames  found  them  last  Summer 
among  the  Indians.  ITe  brought  some  of 
the  seed  home.  Mother  says  they  are  poi¬ 
son  if  we  eat  them ;  but  1  guess  nobody 
would  want  to  eat  them.  They  are  just 
pretty  to  look  at. 

Mother  has  school  for  me  every  day.  She 
is  the  teacher  and  1  am  the  scholars.  I  am 
head  of  my  class.  Father  says  that  if  I 
keep  on  doing  that  well  he  will  send  me 
to  England  to  school  when  I  get  big.  Then 
I’ll  see  thee,  grandmother,  and  the  dear  old 
place  I  love  so  well. 


Chunk  Pickle. 

This  is  said  to  lie  a  very  fine  receipt 
and  comes  from  a  Schoharie  housewife: 
Soak  large  cucumbers  in  strong  brine 
for  three  days,  then  in  fresh  water  for 
same  length  of  time.  Drain  and  cut  into 
pieces  about  one  inch  long,  cook  slowly 
in  weak  vinegar  for  two  hours;  put  in 
grape  leaves  and  a  small  lump  of  alum. 
Then  drain  again.  To  seven  pounds 
cucumbers,  take  2^2  pounds  of  sugar, 
three  pints  of  not  very  strong  vinegar, 
one  ounce  each  of  whole  cinnamon,  all¬ 
spice  and  celery  seed.  I.et  these  come 
to  a  boil  and  pour  over  the  cucumbers. 
Reheat  syrup  and  pour  over  for  four 
days  in  succession.  MRS.  F.  E.  B. 

Canned  Beets  and  Tomatoes;  Pre¬ 
served  Tomatoes;  Eggless  Cake. 

Will  some  one  kindly  tell  me  how  to  can 
beets,  not  to  pickle  them ;  also  tomatoes, 
and  how  to  can  or  preserve  egg  tomatoes. 
Also  how  to  make  layer  cake  without  eggs. 

MRS.  M.  L.  O. 

Wc  have  no  recipe  for  canning  beets 
without  vinegar.  Our  method  is  as 
follows :  Cook  early  beets,  peel,  slice, 
and  pack  in  fruit  jars.  Boil  good  (but 
not  too  strong)  cider  vinegar,  add  pep¬ 
per  and  salt  to  taste,  and  a  tablespoon¬ 
ful  of  sugar.  While  boiling  pour  the 
vinegar  over  the  packed  beets  in  the 
jars,  filling  to  overflowing,  immediately 
screw  the  top  tight,  wrap  jars  in  brown 
paper,  and  store  in  a  cool,  very  dark 
place.  If  any  readers  have  success  in 
canning  beets  without  vinegar  we 
should  like  their  method. 

To  can  tomatoes,  scald  or  place  in  a 
hot  oven  to  remove  the  skins,  put  in 
jars  whole  or  halved,  fill  up  with  cold 


water,  stand  the  jars  in  the  boiler,  with 
water  coming  half  way  up  the  jars,  boil 
30  minutes  and  seal,  being  sure  the  jar 
is  full  to  overflowing.  If  the  contents 
shrink,  fill  up  with  boiling  water.  Store 
in  a  cool,  dry  place.  We  never  have 
trouble  with  tomatoes  not  keeping,  but 
many  people  do.  Perhaps  the  three 
different  boilings  advised  on  page  806 
would  repay  for  the  trouble. 

Yellow  Tomato  Preserves. — Put  the 
tomatoes  into  a  wire  basket  and  plunge 
into  boiling  water  to  loosen  the  skins. 
When  a  cut  is  made  across  the  skin  its 
whole  contents  can  be  quickly  squeezed 
out.  Three-fourths  of  a  pound  of  sugar 
is  allowed  for  each  pound  of  the  fruit 
pulp,  and  sometimes  ginger  root  is  added 
for  flavoring.  Prolonged  cooking  is  not 
necessary;  just  before  ready  for  the 
jars  add  several  lemons  sliced  in  thin 
even  circles. 

Tomato  Mock-Orange  Marmalade. — 
Scald  and  peel  large-sized  yellow  toma¬ 
toes.  Cut  downward  over  each  seed 
section,  press  open  and  remove  all  seeds 
with  the  thumb,  leaving  the  pulp  com¬ 
paratively  whole.  To  two  parts  of  the 
prepared  tomatoes  allow  one  part  of 
oranges,  slicing  thinly.  Cover  all  with 
an  equal  quantity  of  sugar  and  let  stand 
over  night.  In  the  morning  pour  off 
syrup  and  cook  down  about  half,  add 
the  tomatoes  and  oranges  and  cook  un¬ 
til  the  orange  skins  are  transparent. 
Seal  in  jelly  glasses.  This  is  an  orig¬ 
inal  recipe,  and  is  a  delightful  substi¬ 
tute  for  the  genuine  orange  marmalade, 
though  much  cheaper. 

Layer  Cake  Without  Eggs. — One  cup¬ 
ful  of  sugar,  quarter  of  a  cupful  of  but¬ 
ter,  one  cupful  of  sweet  milk,  one  tea¬ 
spoonful  of  soda,  two  of  cream  of  tar¬ 
tar,  one  tablcspoonful  of  cornstarch 
made  smooth  in  a  little  milk,  two  cup¬ 
fuls  of  flour.  Bake  in  thin  sheets  and 
put  together  with  boiled  sugar  frosting, 
jelly,  cocoanut  or  any  other  rich  filling 
desired,  finish  the  top  with  the  boiled 
sugar  frosting  made  by  boiling  together 
a  cupful  of  sugar  and  one  of  water  un¬ 
til  it  will  turn  creamy  white  and  thick 
on  being  stirred.  This  is  quite  as  de¬ 
licious  as  the  frosting  made  from  the 
white  of  eggs. 


August  19, 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Thu 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


State  Fair 

Syracuse,  New  York 

September  11-16,  1911 

Agricultural  and 
Industrial  Exhibition 

Demonstrations  and  Illustrated 
Lectures  in  Many  Departments 

President  Wm.  H.  Taft  and 
Gov.  John  A.  Dix  to  Speak 

Grand  Circuit  Races 
Automobile  Races 
Aeroplane  Flights 

Concerts  by  Pryor’s  Band 


Send  for  Prize  List 


Monarch  Hydraulic 

^ACider  Press 

✓  nfirnm,  ^et  °wnors  “r>$  to  mo* 

on  investment  per  your 

Monarch  Machinery  Co„  609  Hudson  Terminal,  Hew  York. 


How  About  Your  Home? 


Tlie  Safe,  Sure  Waj 


Are  you  still  taking  chances? 

Can  you  afford  to  risk  the  lives  of  your 
dear  ones  and  your  property,  when  you 
can  insure  their  safety  for  a  small  sum  of 
money  invested  once  in  your  lifetime  ? 

You  insure  against  fire  to  receive  com¬ 
pensation  in  case  of  loss. 

Safety  is  better  than  compensation. 
And  remember,  there  is  no  compensation 
for  life  taken  by  lightning. 

Tlie  Lesson  of  Ins 


Get  safety  from  lightning  and  fire  in¬ 
surance,  too.  They  go  hand  in  hand.  Get 
both  for  tlie  cost  of  one.  Lightning  causes 
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Insurance  companies  grant  low  rates  of 
insurance  on  buildings  protected  by  the 
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your  lightning  rods,  erected  once  for  all. 

urance  Companies 


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tion  of  three  fourths  of  all  fire  losses. 

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That  is  all-important.  Our  personal,  binding  guarantee  is  issued  to  you  on  their 
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DODD  &  STROTHERS 

437  Sixth  Avenue 
Des  Hollies,  Iowa 


Ben|amln 

Franklin 

Originator  of 

Lightning 

Control. 


West 

Dodd 

Who  Perfected 
the  Dodd 
System. 


of  Lightning  Protection 


One  of  Tens  of  Thousands 

Not  a  miracle.  No  home  protected  as  this  one  is  ever  Was  destroyed 
by  lightning.  It  is  made  safe  by 

The  DODD  SYSTEM 


1»1 1. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


845 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

IV lien  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  patterns  and  measurements 
desired. 

Tlie  first  group  includes  7059,  Eton 
or  Bolero  jacket  for  misses  and  small 
women,  14,  16  and  18  years.  7047,  plain 
blouse  or  under-slip,  34  to  42  bust,  with 
gussets  under  the  arms,  square,  round 


or  high  neck,  three-quarter  or  elbow 
sleeves.  7043,  negligee  or  house  gown, 
34  to  42  bust.  7031,  boy’s  suit,  2,  4  and 
6  years.  6852,  six-gored  skirt  for  misses 
and  small  women,  14,  16  and  18  years. 
Price  of  each  pattern  10  cents. 

The  second  group  shows  7061,  yoke 
blouse,  34  to  40,  with  or  without  collar 
and  under  sleeves.  7056,  fichus  in  two 
different  styles,  one  size,  No.  2,  to  be 
made  as  illustrated,  or  to  the  waist 
line,  single  or  double.  7017,  blouse 
with  body  and  sleeves  in  one,  34  to  42 
bust,  with  V-shaped  or  high  neck,  with 
or  without  collar.  7018,  five-gored  skirt, 


22  to  34  waist,  with  high  or  natural 
waist  line,  with  habit  back  or  inverted 
plaits,  with  or  without  slightly  circular 
flounce.  7038,  five-gored  skirt,  22  to  30 
waist,  with  deep  yoke  and  high  waist 
line.  7045,  girl's  four-gored  petticoat 
with  under  waist,  8,  10  and  12  years,  to 
be  attached  or  finished  separately. 
Price  of  each  10  cents. 

'Preparing  Kohl-rabi. 

<’an  you  tell  me  the  best  way  to  cook 
kohl-rabi?  sirs.  w.  j.  s. 

Both  the  leaves  and  tubers  are  used, 
either  separately  or  together.  The 
leaves  are  boiled  and  served  like  spin¬ 
ach,  drained  and  finely  chopped,  sea¬ 
soned  with  butter,  pepper  and  salt;  the 
tubers  arc  peeled,  sliced  or  cut  into 
dice,  boiled  until  tender,  and  served 
with  melted  butter  or  white  sauce.  The 
following  method  for  using  leaves  and 
tubers  together  is  very  good :  Strip  the 
leaves  from  the  stems,  and  boil  in 
salted  water.  Peel  the  tubers,  slice 


thin  and  boil  till  tender;  drain  and  chop 
fine  botfi  leaves  and  tubers  separately, 
then  mix  thoroughly.  Brown  a  table¬ 
spoonful  of  butter  and  a  little  flour  in 
a  saucepan,  add  the  kohl  rabi  and  cook 
a  few  minutes,  then  add  a  cup  of  meat 
broth,  bring  to  a  boil  and  serve  very 
hot.  It  may  be  added  that  this  vege¬ 
table  can  be  served  in  any  way  used 
for  turnips,  being  very  nice  when  sliced 
and  boiled  tender,  and  then  slightly 
browned  in  hot  butter  in  the  frying 
pan.  Sometimes  the  roots  are  peeled, 
sliced,  and  served  raw,  like  radishes. 

Boiled  Radishes. 

T  have  bad  such  splendid  success  in 
using  the  many  fine  recipes  found  in  the 
Rural  Cook  Book,  that  I  wish  to  tell 
you  of  a  little  discovery  I  have  made. 
I  had  a  fine  row  of  radishes  in  my  gar¬ 
den,  and  no  one  cared  to  eat  them,  so 
I  thought  I’d  try  cooking  them.  Wash 
and  peel  like  potatoes,  and  boil  \l/2 
hours,  and  serve  hot,  sprinkled  with 
salt,  pepper  and  vinegar.  They  make 
a  very  appetizing  dish,  perhaps  well 
known  in  some  localities,  but  new  here. 

S.  E.  C. 


Dill  Pickles. 

Will  you  give  me  a  recipe  for  dill  pickles? 

MRS.  A.  O.  V.  B. 

Make  a  brine  strong  enough  to  bear 
up  an  egg,  then  add  half  as  much  more 
water  as  you  have  brine.  Wash  cucum¬ 
bers  in  cold  water  and  put  into  a  stone 
jar  first  a  layer  of  cucumbers,  then  a 
layer  of  grape  leaves  and  a  layer  of  dill, 
using  leaves  and  stems.  Continue  in 
this  way  until  the  jar  is  full.  Pour  the 
brine  over  all  and  cover,  first  with  a 
cloth,  then  with  a  plate,  putting  a 
weight  on  top  of  the  plate.  The  cloth 
must  be  removed  and  washed  frequently, 
as  when  covering  sauerkraut. 

Tomato  Dip. 

Here  is  an  old-time  method  of  cook¬ 
ing  green  tomatoes,  which  my  children 
call  “tomato  dip” :  Put  one  tablespoon¬ 
ful  lard  in  spider,  and  when  smoking 
hot,  slice  in  two  or  three  onions,  stir¬ 
ring  till  browned.  Peel  and  slice  about 
10  green  tomatoes  and  add  to  the 
onions.  Add  a  trifle  water,  cover,  and 
when  fully  boiling,  add  one  tcaspoonful 
soda.  Stir  often  and  when  done,  sea¬ 
son  with  two  tablespoon  fills  brown 
sugar,  salt  and  pepper,  a  half  cup  sweet 
cream,  or  tablespoonful  butter.  Break 
two  slices  of  toasted  bread  in  bits  and 
turn  tomato  over  it. 

LILLY  ELY  LITTLE. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Tin: 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
"square  deal."  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

AT  THE  PARSONAGE 

Coffee  Kiiiih  Riot.  No  Longer. 

“Wife  and  I  had  a  serious  time  of  it 
while  we  were  coffee  drinkers. 

“She  had  gastritis,  headaches,  belch¬ 
ing  and  would  have  periods  of  sickness, 
while  I  secured  a  daily  headache  that 
became  chronic. 

“We  naturally  sought  relief  by  drugs 
without  avail,  for  it  is  now  plain  enough 
that  no  drug  will  cure  the  diseases  an¬ 
other  drug  (coffee)  sets  up,  particularly, 
so  long  as  the  drug  which  causes  the 
trouble  is  continued. 

“Finally  we  thought  we  would  try 
leaving  off  coffee  and  using  Postum.  I 
noticed  that  my  headaches  disappeared 
like  magic  and  my  old  ‘trembly’  nerv¬ 
ousness  left.  One  day  wife  said,  ‘Do 
you  know  my  gastritis  has  gone?’ 

"One  can  hardly  realize  what  Postum 
has  done’  for  us. 

“Then  we  began  to  talk  to  others. 
Wife’s  father  and  mother  were  both  cof¬ 
fee  drinkers  and  sufferers.  Their  head¬ 
aches  left  entirely  a  short  time  after 
they  changed  from  coffee  to  Postum. 

“I  began  to  enquire  among  my  parish¬ 
ioners  and  found  to  my  astonishment 
that  numbers  of  them  use  Postum  in 
place  of  coffee.  Many  of  the  ministers 
who  have  visited  our  parsonage  have  be¬ 
come  enthusiastic  champions  of  Pos¬ 
tum.”  Name  given  by  Postum  Co.,  Bat¬ 
tle  Creek,  Mich. 

Read  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs.  “There”s  a  reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  a  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


to  any  railway  station  in  the  United 
States  on  a  greater  variety  of  merchan¬ 
dise  than  any  other  store  in  America. 

Our  Delivered  Price  on  Ready-to-wenr  Apparel, 
(excepting  shoes)  for  all  the  family  is  just  the  same 
to  everyone,  whether  your  homo  is  in  California  or  in 
New  York.  Distance  makes  no  difference.  You  can 
buy  just  ns  easily,  just  as  satisfactorily,  from  the  Macy 
Catalogue,  as  if  you  were  to  visit  the  famous  Macy  storo 
in  person,  and  tho  Ready-to-wear  Apparel  (excepting 
shoes)  you  select  will  be  delivered  anywhere,  with  all 
charges  prepaid  by  us.  This  broad,  liberal  policy  in 
connection  with  our  guarantee  of  satisfaction  or  your 
money  back,  will  surely  mate  many  thousands  of  new 
friends  for  us  this  year,  and  we  liopo  you  will  bo 
among  them. 

New  York  Styles  Are  the  Newest 
New  York  Prices  Are  the  Lowest 

Every  woman  knows  that  New  York  is  tho  fashion 
center  of  America,  and  Macy’s  is  tho  largest  and  best 
New  York  City  store.  Our  big  freo  Catalogue  offers 
you  tho  latest  New  York  and  European  styles  months  in 
advance,  the  very  finest  things  in  Ready-to-wear  Apparel 
of  every  description  for  every  member  of  the  family,  at 
prices  much  lower  than  those  asked  by  other  dealers,  at 
homo  or  elsewhere,  for  equal  quality.  Mary’s  sell  only 
merchandise  of  tho  best  qualities,  and  Macy’s  New  York 
Storo  is  famous  as  the  most  economical  shopping  center 
in  America.  More  than  250,000  critical  New  York 
shoppers  pass  through  our  aisles  in  a  singlo  day,  and  if 
theso  discriminating  buyers  find  Macy’s  tno  best  place 


H.  MACY  &  CO 

Macy  Building,  N  ew  Yorl 


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Gloves 
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Men’s  Gloves 
Girls’  Dresses 
Girls’  Coats 
Girls’  Underwear 
Boys’  Suits 
Boys’  Overcoats 
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Infants’  Dresses 
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GUARANTEED 
Freight  Paid 


O  ii  r  Gold 
Coin  Stove 
Guaranty  i  s 
to  take  back 
the  stove  at 
our  expense, 
any  time 
w  i  t  li  i  u  a  year 
and  refund  your 
money  if  you  aro 
not  satisfied. 

Freight,  is  pre¬ 
paid  ;  safe  de¬ 
livery  insnrod,  ready  to  set  up— oven  polished. 

Send  for  our  Freo  Catalogue,  Price  List  and  Offer. 

Our  priees  are  $!>  to  $20  less  than  any  dealer's 
priees.  The  stoves  are  only  of  tho  very  best 
-and  so  guaranteed. 

Gold  Coin  Stove  Co.  3  Oak  Sfreef,  Troy,  N.  Y.  H 

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pl/irfd  BnyiYhiTP,  nU 
t rticln  mid  Lilli  nil 
fliea.  Neat,  clean, 
ornamental,  conven¬ 
ient, cheap.  LnMfsnll 
Can't  spill  or 
tip  over,  will  not  soil 
injure  anything. 

cffcct- 
Of  nil  dealerM  or 
prepaid  for  20c. 
II A  HOLD  SOM FHS 
160  Do  Knlb  Avr. 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


fit 


FUMA 


M  kills  Prairie  Dogs, 
Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
and  Grain  Insects. 
"The  wheels  of  tho  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small."  So  tho  woovil,  hut  you  can  stop  their 

‘■with  “  Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  are  doing. 

EDWARD  R.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Yaii,  N.  Y. 


WFI  I  dri^ing 

YT  July!/  MACHINES 

Over  70  sizes  and  styles,  for  drilling  cither  deep  or 
shallow  wells  In  any  kind  of  soil  or  rock.  Mounted  ou 
wheels  oron  sills.  \V  ith  engines  or  horse  powers,  strong, 
Biinplo  and  durable.  Any  mechanic  can  operate  them 
easily.  .Send  for  catalog. 

WILLIAMS  BROS..  Itliaca.  N.  Y. 


50  000  MEN  WANTED 

In  Western  Canada 

200  Million  Bushels  Wheat 
to  be  harvested 

Harvest  Help  in  Great  Demand 

Reports  from  the  Provinces  of  Manitoba, 
Saskatchewan  and  Alberta  (Western  Can¬ 
ada)  indicate  one  of  the  best  crops  ever 
raised  on  the  continent.  To  harvest  this 
crop  will  require  at  least  50,000  harvesters. 

Low  Rates  will  be  given 
On  All  Canadian  Roads 

Excursions  tiro  run  daily  and  full  particulars  will 
ho  given  on  application  to  the  following  authorized 
Canadian  Government  Agent.  The  rates  are  mane  to 
apply  to  all  who  wish  to  take  advantage  of  them  for 
the  purpose  of  inspecting  the  grain  fields  of  Western 
Can  nla,  ami  the  wonderful  opportunities  there 
offered  for  those  who  wish  to  invest,  and  also  those 
who  wish  to  take  up  actual  farm  life.  Apply  at 
once  to 

Canadian  Government  Agent 

J.  S.  CRAWFORD 

30  SYRACUSE  SAVINGS  BANK  BUILDING.  SYRACUSE.  N.  Y. 


/3  More  Water 

‘‘American”  Centrifugal  Pump 


than  by  others  because  the  impeller 
is  accurately  machined  to  the  casing, 
preventing  any  sudden 
change  in  direction 
of  the  water.  Not 
an  ounce  of  power 
is  wasted.  Every 
“American"  Cen¬ 
trifugal  absolutely 
guaranteed. 

Write  for  new 
catalog. 

THE  AMERICAN  WELL  WORKS 
Office  and  Works,  Aurora,  Ill. 

First  National  Bunk  Building.  CltlCAdO 


S' 


RIFE 

RAM 


Water  in  Quantity 


all  over  your  farm— house,  field 
or  barn— pumped  without  cost  or 

trouble  for  you  by  _ 

an  automatic  Kifo 

— -j -  Ram.  Kaisoa 

y  water  30  feet,  for  each  foot  of  fall 
f —no  trouble  or  pumping  expense. 

I  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Booklet. 

I  plans,  estimate,  FREE. 

|  RIFE  ENGINE  CO..  2120  Trinity  Bldg,  N.Y. 


PATENT 


SECURED  OR  FEE  RETURNED. 

Free  Patent  Hook.  Selling  Guide  and 
List  of  Buyers  and  Manufacturers  of 
Inventions.  ADVICE  FREE.  Send  sketch. 

FARNHAM  &  SUES,  Attys.,  S48  F.  St.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


10  DAYS  FREE  TRIAL 

Wo  ship  oil  approval  without  a  cent 
dopo.it,  freight  prepaid.  DON’T 
i’A  V  \  'CENT  if  you  aro  uot  satliflod 
after  using  the  bicycto  10  days. 

DO  NOT  BUY  T 

at  anu  price,  until  you  recolvo  our  latost 
art  eutalogs  illustrating  every  kind  of 
bicyclo,  and  liavo  learned  our  unheard  of 
price*  aud  marvelous  new  offers. 

(INF  PFNT  *•  it  will  cost  you  to 

ir"—  wl.ll  I  wrttn  a  postal  and  every¬ 
thing  will  be  sont  you  free  postpaid  by 
return  mail.  You  will  get  much  valunblo  in¬ 
formation  Do  not  wait,  write  it  now 
TIRES,  Coaster  -  Brake  rear 
wheels,  lamps,  sundries  at  half  usual  prices. 

Momd  Cycla  Co.  Dept,  B80  Chtcmf 


840 


THE  RURAL-  N  ECW  -YORKER 


August  19, 


M  I  L  K. 

The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.51 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  three  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 

Silage  in  Milk  Production. 

A  local  physician  who  has  a  good  prac¬ 
tice  and  is  considered  well  informed,  has 
made  the  statement,  in  a  private  way, 
that  “silage  milk  will  taste  of  the  silage.” 
This  has  had  the  effect  of  shutting  out 
the  use  of  such  milk  from  an  orphanage 
where  it  would  otherwise  be,  used.  Any  in¬ 
formation  you  can  give  in  the  matter,  such 
as  its  use  in  similar  institutions  and  hos¬ 
pitals  and  certified  milk  production,  will 
be  very  welcome.  J.  t.  m. 

Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y. 

We  have  used  silage  for  many  years  in 
feeding  our  milch  cows.  We  have  never 
found  that  it  made  the  milk  unfit  for  use. 

WJf.  T.  SHAN  A II II  AN, 
Medical  Superintendent. 

Craig  Colony  for  Epileptics. 

The  herd  belonging  to  this  institution 
produces  all  of  the  milk  used  here.  Silage 
Is  fed  the  cows,  and  no  bad  qualities  in  the 
milk  have  been  observed. 

W.  B.  FARRINGTON, 

Steward. 

Institute  for  Feeble  Minded  Children. 

We  have  fed  corn  silage  and  pea  silage 
during  the  past  several  years,  and  we  have 
seen  no  bad  effects  from  the  use  of  such 
milk  among  all  of  our  inmates  and  em¬ 
ployees,  of  which  we  have  1,200  inmates 
and  200  employees,  about  100  of  the  in¬ 
mates  being  children,  ciias.  Bernstein, 

Superintendent. 

N.  Y.  State  Custodial  Asylum. 

For  the  last  15  years  our  cattle  have 
been  fed  a  very  large  ration  of  silage. 
During  this  time  I  fail  to  remember  having 
one  single  complaint  as  to  any  bad  effect 
this  kind  of  feed  may  have  had  on  our 
milk.  On  the  other  hand,  visitors  at  the 
institution  have  frequently  remarked  at  the 
excellent  quality  of  our  milk.  We  produce 
annually  about  280,000  quarts,  which  is  all 
consumed  by  this  institution. 

C.  A.  MOSHER, 

Utica  State  Hispital.  Steward. 

Our  experience  has  shown  that  where 
good  silage  has  been  fed  it  is  not  notice¬ 
able  in  the  milk,  but  where  it  has  become 
poor  or  rotten  and  inadvertantly  fed  it  is 
very  noticeable  in  the  product,  and  would 
further  state  that  at  the  time  of  milking 
cows  if  silage  is  fed  the  taste  is  also  quite 
noticeable  in  the  milk.  We  feed  silage  at 
this  institution  and  lind  it  quite  satisfac¬ 
tory  by  avoiding  such  conditions  as  men¬ 
tioned  above.  T.  F.  brown, 

N.  Y.  Soldiers’  Home.  Quartermaster. 


I  notice  what  was  recently  said  about 
the  milk  case  of  Robert  Utter.  There  are 
two  sides  to  tliis.  It  is  not  a  case  of  per¬ 
secution,  for  we  consider  the  inspector  to 
be  a  very  fair  man.  In  fact,  he  does  no 
more  than  his  instructions  compel  him  to 
do,  and  if  a  man  lias  a  decent  barn  and 
stables  and  keeps  the  same  in  fair  condi¬ 
tion,  he  will  have  no  trouble  with  the  in¬ 
spector.  I  agree  with  you  when  you  say 
that  the  dairymen  are  not  getting  enough 
for  their  milk.  Up  here  the  price  in  Juno 
was  just  a  little  over  two  cents  a  quart, 
while  it  was  selling  in  the  city  for  eight 
cents.  We  are  putting  more  cost  into  it 
than  we  are  getting  out  of  it.  The  ques¬ 
tion  is  how  to  remedy  that  state  of  affairs. 
The  pay  to  the  farmers  should  never  be 
less  than  half  the  retail  price  in  the  city. 
The  dealers  seem  to  have  a  grip  on  us  that 
we  cannot  shake  off.  When  contract  day 
comes  they  shove -their  contract  under  our 
noses  and  we  have  to  sign  it  and  take  their 
price  or  stop  selling  milk.  If  we  com¬ 
plain  of  the  price  they  tell  us  that  is  no 
matter  to  them  if  we  sign  or  not ;  they  can 
get  plenty  of  milk.  The  dairymen  are  try¬ 
ing  to  form  a  league  to  act  together  and  to 
try  to  get  a  fair  show,  and  better  their 
condition,  but  it  seems  to  be  slow  work. 
There  are  so  many  farmers  and  they 
are  scattered  over  so  large  territory 
that  it  is  very  hard  to  perfect  an  organiza¬ 
tion.  I  think  that  a  law  should  be  made 
to  compel  the  dealers  to  pay  the  farmers 
not  less  than  50  per  cent  of  the  retail  price 
at  any  time  of  the  year.  As  it  is  at  pres¬ 
ent  the  dairymen  do  not  have  a  word  to 
say  about  making  a  price.  It  is  all  a 
one-sided  business,  and  if  the  dairy  farmers 
cannot  find  any  other  remedy  and  cannot 
get  a  fair  living  price  for  their  milk,  the 
power  of  the  State  should  be  invoktid  in 
their  behalf.  We  see  the  dealers  rolling  in 
wealtli  made  out  of  the  farmers’  milk,  while 
the  producers  are  struggling  along  under 
adverse  conditions,  hoping  something  will 
turn  up  to  better  their  condition.  More 
money  will  have  to  be  paid  for  milk  to  the 
producers  or  many  of  them  will  have  to 
quit  the  business.  w.  E. 

West  Brook,  N.  Y. 


A  Milk  Inspector. — A.  II.  Millesdine, 
inspector  for  the  Board  of  Health  of  New 
York  City,  made  an  inspection  of  my  barn 
•Tune  26.  As  I  was  not  at  home  on  that 
day  he  left  word  that  I  must  whitewash 
my  stable  within  10  days  or  my  milk 
(about  65  pounds  per  day)  would  be  re¬ 
jected  for  shipment  to  New  Y’ork.  The 
folks  explained  to  him  that  being  unable  to 
get  any  help  I  had  all  my  work  (have  75 
acres)  to  do  alone,  but  if  possible  they 
thought  I  would  comply  with  his  demand. 
At  tliis  inspection  he  asked  for  the  previ¬ 
ous  score  card  and  apparently  copied  it, 
changing  a  few  questions  so  as  to  show  he 
had  been  here.  On  July  20  he  came  again, 
and  as  I  had  not  been  able  to  whitewash, 
rejected  my  milk.  June  26  on  question  No. 
46  on  the  score  card  I  was  allowed  four 
points;  on  July  20  I  was  allowed  nothing, 
as  he  claimed  there  was  more  manure  than 
before.  This  was  true,  very  likely  there 
was  nearly  100  pounds  more,  nor  was  I  al¬ 
lowed  anything  on  questions  41,  43,  54,  57 
or  59.  12  points  in  all.  On  the  morning  of 
July  21  I  took  my  milk  to  the  station  and 
it  was  rejected,  as  I  expected  it  would  be. 
I  asked  the  foreman  if  he  would  reject  it  in 
writing,  stating  the  reason  for  doing  so, 
and  also  state  that  my  milk  was  in  good 
condition.  This  he  did  not  want  to  do,  for 
fear  the  Board  of  Health  would  annul  his 
license,  although  he  admitted  that  if  called 
to  testify  lie  would  have  to  say  “my  milk 
had  always  been  perfectly  satisfactory, 
both  in  quality  and  condition,  when  de¬ 
livered  at  the  station.”  The  sewage  from 


the  milk  station  flows  into  the  creek  which 
waters  my  pasture,  and  this  inspector  told 
me  I  would  have  to  fence  this  creek  so  my 
cows  could  not  get  to  it,  or  pasture  some¬ 
where  else,  and  we  pump  water  for  them. 
Wouldn't  this  be  a  good  antidote  for  some 
“back  to  the  lander?”  I  am  making  but¬ 
ter  at  present,  as  there  is  no  cheese  fac¬ 
tory  near.  Plenty  of  customers  for  butter 
but  quite  a  little  extra  work  for  the  wife. 
I  have  four  calves,  22  pigs.  They  and  Mrs. 
I’,  took  a  vote  to-day  for  or  against  white¬ 
washing,  and  the  result  was  26  to  one 
against.  I  didn't  vote,  knew  better. 

Mrs.  P.  cast  the  one  vote  for  whitewash¬ 
ing,  as  she  looked  at  it  from  a  financial 
standpoint,  for  my  cows  (Holstein  grades) 
pre  young  and  will  not  produce  as  much 
money  in  butter  as  the  milk  would  bring 
at  the  station.  Milk  was  $1.15  per  100 
when  mine  was  rejected.  At  the  inspection 
of  June  26  I  was  not  at  home,  and  did  not 
see  this  inspector  at  ali,  neither  did  lie  see 
the  cows,  or  the  water  supply  for  them,  yet 
the  score  card  indicates  that  he  did.  When 
he  made  tiic  next  visit  I  questioned  him 
about  the  quality  and  condition  of  my  milk 
when  delivered  at  the  station.  lie  said 
“lie  didn’t  care  or  know,  my  barn  was  not 
whitewashed  and  I  couldn't  take  my  milk 
there.”  I  have  whitewashed  the  sides  of 
my  stable,  as  the  inspector  said  the  ceiling 
was  not  of  so  much  importance,  and  I  am 
now  waiting  for  another  visit,  although  I 
do  not  expect  my  milk  will  be  taken  back  at 
tlie  station,  as  I  think  when  a  man  stands 
up  for  his  rights  they  have  no  use  for 
him.  What  can  I  do  in  regard  to  the 
sewage  flowing  from  the  milk  station  in 
tlie  creek,  which  is  the  only  water  my  stock 
have?  Must  I  be  able  ro  prove  damage? 
I  have  asked  the  owner  of  the  milk  station 
if  lie  could  not  remedy  it.  but  nothing  has 
ever  been  done.  This  sewage  flows  down  a 
ditch  (which  is  practically  all  sewage  ex¬ 
cept  in  heavy  rains)  for  about  40  rods,  and 
empties  in  tlie  creek  less  than  one-half 
mile  from  my  pasture.  Now  I  don't  want 
to  be  put  down  as  a  “chronic  kicker,”  for 
I  believe  in  good  stables,  good  cows  and 
good  milk,  hut  if  farmers  have  to  do  all 
the  board  of  health  requires,  why  not  get 
more  than  2%  cents  a  quart  for  the  milk? 
If  a  man’s  stable  scores  70,  why  should  he 
not  get  more  for  his  milk  than  one  who 
scores  50?  I  say  give  the  man  who  scores 
most  points  a  better  price  for  his  milk,  and 
in  a  short  time  stables  that  score  low  will 
be  the  exception  rather  than  the  rule.  See 
Bulletin  No.  337,  New  York  Experiment 
Station,  Geneva.  H.  g.  p. 

New  l'ork. 

It.  N.-Y. — You  could  prove  by  the  inspec¬ 
tion  orders  that  the  drains  from  tlie  cream¬ 
ery  damage  you.  To  enforce  your  claim  you 
will  probably  have  to  employ  a  lawyer  to 
make  legal  complaint. 


The  dairying  has  been  on  the  decline  for 
a  good  many  years,  owing  to  scarcity  of 
help  and  high  price  of  feed,  until  at  the 
present  time  there  is  not  one  cow  where 
there  used  to  be  anywhere  from  five  to  10. 
Most  of  the  milk  produced  about  here  is 
retailed  in  Ashtabula  city.  Farmers  re¬ 
ceive  about  14  cents  per  gallon;  retailers 
sell  for  seven  cents  per  quart  in  the  city 
proper  or  older  part,  and  six  cents  at  har¬ 
bor.  The  hay  crop  was  below  the  average, 
pastures  are  short  and  rather  dry ;  labor 
is  high,  and  feed  is  anywhere  from  $1.25 
to  $1.85  per  hundred.  I  think  the  farmer 
has  hold  of  the  short  end  of  the  rope.  I 
have  about  40  head,  old  and  young,  about 
one-half  of  them  are  purebred  Holsteins. 
I  have  some  very  fine  ones,  some  choice 
half  bloods.  I  have  as  good  a  farm  of  150 
acres,  and  about  25  dairy  cows  (usually), 
as  there  is  in  this  section,  and  it  takes 
about  all  there  is  to  pay  help,  taxes  and 
live.  c.  J.  m. 

Ashtabula,  O. 


For  some  years  a  number  of  Americans 
have  been  importing  Kerry  and  Dexter  cat¬ 
tle  from  Ireland  and  England  to  America, 
inasmuch  as  ttiese  cattle  have  now  in¬ 
creased  in  numbers  to  justify  the  same, 
there  has  been  organized  tlie  American 
Kerry  and  Dexter  Cattle  Club,  to  maintain 
a  herd  book  and  to  assist  in  promoting 
the  welfare  of  these  cattle.  Tliis  club 
was  organized  in  July,  1911.  with  C.  S. 
Plumb,  Columbus,  O.,  secretary-treasurer. 


Switzerland  exported  $6,008,656  worth 
of  condensed  milk  in  1910.  There  is  a 
“trade  agreement”  between  manufacturers 
in  Switzerland  and  in  this  country  so  that 
no  attempt  is  made  to  export  this  milk  to 
America. 


Heifer  with  Defective  Udder. 

I  have  a  heifer  with  first  calf,  two  of 
her  teats  do  not  give  any  milk.  There  is 
no  trouble  witli  it,  only  no  milk  passes  into 
it.  I  opened  with  large  needle  up  to 
udder,  but  it  seems  no  milk  came  from 
them.  Is  there  any  remedy?  Calf  is  now 
about  two  weeks  old;  other  teats  give 
milk  freely.  L.  M.  b. 

Texas. 

Nothing  can  be  done  in  such  a  case,  as 
the  quarters  simply  <lo  not  possess  the 
normal  function  of  milk  secretion.  It  does 
not  pay  to  keep  such  a  cow  for  dairy  pur¬ 
pose.  A.  s.  a. 


Garget. 

I  have  a  Jersey  cow  (old)  that  has  been 
milking  now  12  months  and  is  not  in  calf. 
When  I  bought  her  one  of  her  back  quar¬ 
ters  was  hard  and  callous.  I  milked  some 
thick  yellow  substance  out.  She  has  been 
milking  well  from  the  other  three  quarters 
till  yesterday,  when  I  noticed  the  milk  from 
the  other  back  quarter  go  the  same,  thick, 
yellow  and  knotty,  and  certainly  not  fit 
for  use.  s.  r.  t. 

New  Jersey. 

Tuberculosis  of  the  udder  sometimes  is 
present  in  such  cases,  and  for  that  reason 
the  cow  should  be  tested  with  tuberculin, 
which  is  absolutely  harmless  to  an  unaffect¬ 
ed  cow,  but  will  settle  the  matter  one  way 
or  the  other  inside  of  48  hours.  Apart 
from  'the  question  of  tuberculosis,  we  do 
not  believe  in  using  the  milk  from  an  udder 
that  has  two  quarters  affected  with  gar¬ 
get  (mammitis).  Such  a  cow,  if  not  tuber¬ 
culous,  should  he  fattened  off  or  sold  to 
the  dealer  for  immediate  slaughter. 

A.  S.  A. 


THE  SIMPLEST 

CREAM  SEPARATOR 

Is  Easiest  to  Wash 
and  Lasts  Longest 

SHARPLES 

Dairy  Titular  Separators 

are  the  only  separators  without  disks  or  contrap¬ 
tions— the  only  simple  separators.  They  have 
twice  the  skimming  force  of  others.  Skim  faster. 
Skim  twice  as  clean.  Repeatedly  pay  for  them¬ 
selves  by  saving  what  others  lose. 

A  Dairy  Tubular  recently  finished  work  equal 
to  100  years  service  in  a  five  to  eight  cow  dairy. 
The  total  cost  for  oil  and  repairs  was  only  $h  15. 
Write  for  illustrated  account  telling  all  about  it. 
AH  - - ;  ^Tubulars  are 

There  different  from 

Dairy  lUKr’'  known  prim 

Tubular  Wmgm  clple  which 

Bowls  %  v  W  overcomesthe 

faults  and 
partsof  others. 

O  rA 


tated.  “Finally  a  Tubular,” 
is  the  desire  of  those  who 
have  others.  That  is  why 
The  World’s  Best  is  so  rapidly  replacing  others. 

Tubulars  wear  a  lifetime.  Guaranteed  forever  by 
America’s  oldest  and  world’s  biggest  separator  con¬ 
cern.  You  can  arrange  with  our  agent  for  a  free  trial 
without  investing  one  cent.  Other  separators  taken 

in  exchange 
for  Tubu¬ 
lars.  Write 
for  catalog 
No.  153. 


THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO. 

WEST  CHESTER,  PA. 

Chicago.  III.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Portland, Ore. 
Toronto,  Can.  Winnipeg,  Can, 


The  Importance  o! 
Cooling  Milk  Properly 

is  recognized  by  every  milk  dealer.  Heknowsthat 
if  milk  is  cooled  quickly  and  thoroughly  aerated, 
it  will  hoop  sweet  24  to  43  hours  longer.  The 

~ ^Bestov” 

Milk  Cooler 

will  cool  milk  to  within 
two  degrees  of  water 
temperature,  absolute¬ 
ly  removing everv  par¬ 
ticle  of  odor.  It  is  well 
made  and  durable,  and 
very  reasonable  in 
price.  Send  for  cata¬ 
logues.,  describing  a 
complete  line  of  sup¬ 
plies  for  the  dairy. 

Dairymens  Supply  Co. 

PHILADELPHIA  AND 
UNSDOWHE,  P(|i 


DAIRIT  CATTLE  ~| 

SHELDONCROFT 


J.  T.  RUSSELL,  Prop.  CHAS.  B.  DAYTON.  Supt. 

SILVER  LAKE,  Susq.  Co.,  Pa. 

Pure  Bred  Jersey  Cattle.  Berkshire  Swine. 


AT  LAUREL  FARM 

we  have  on  hand  some  half-dozen  sons  of  Fern’s 
Jubilee,  73852,  A.  J.  C.  C.,  from  ten  months  down 
^o  a  few  days  old.  All  out  of  good  cows.  Discount 
price  for  next  thirty  days. 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N,  Y. 


Eureka  Stock  Farnr2s‘SJSSk,i*£SaJSS 

years  old.  Chester  White,  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  Pups  and  a  variety 
of  poultry.  Send  two-cent  stamp  for  circular. 

EDWARD  WALTER,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


SIR  AAGGIE  LINCOLN  DE  KOL-Rffiff  “ft 

way,  born  Jan.  1,  half  white,  by  Belns  Lincoln,  out 
of  Pansy  Aaggie  Queen.  Price  only  $75  f,  o.  b. 
crateii.  CLOVERDALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 


Mali  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production ,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU.  Somerville  N.  J. 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated.  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEI N-FR1  ESI  A  N  ASS’N  OF  AMERICA 
F. L. HOUGHTON. SEC’V, BOX  IQS, BRATTLEBORO.  VT. 

Breed  Up— Not  Down^rc.?1!,!;;!™ 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  R.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


iVTillf  PrnHlYfPrv  for  Vorlc  City  market 
mim  rruuuuer^  desiring  information  how  to 

form  brandies  of  tlie  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville.  N.  Y. 


SWI3XTE 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
tlie  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


Reg.  P.  Chinas,  Berkshires,  C.  Whites. 

Fine,  large  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 
Pups,  Beagles  and  Poultry. Writefor 
prices  &  circulars'.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Ercildoun  Pa. 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES. 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  toser- 
vice  of  Watson’s  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Piunrietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


95  an^  Upward 

AMERICAN 

SEPARATOR 

FREE  YRIAL  FULLY  GURRANYEED. 

Easy  running.  Easily  cleaned. 

_  _  Whether  dairy  is  large  or  small, 

obtain ourhandsomefrcecatalog.  Address 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO.  baJScmi.  v. 

Milk  Fever  Outfits. 

DEnORNERS,  Teat  Syphons,  Slitters, 

Dilators,  etc.  Received  only  award 
World’s  Fairs  Chicago  and  St.  Louis. 

Write  for  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

HADSSMANN  &  DUNN  CO. 

70S  South  Clark  Street,  Chicago,  Ill. 

MINERAL. 
HEAVE 
REMEDY 


NEGLECT 
Will  Ruhr 
YourHorse 

Send  today  for 
only 

permanent! 

CURE 

SAFE 
CERTAIN 

Mineral  Heave  Remedy  Co., 461  Fourth  Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa. 

NEWTON’S  HEAVE 


BERKSHIRES 

E.  WALTERS,  -  - 


For  Sale— all  ages. 
Breeding  and  Mar¬ 
ket  purposes.  Re¬ 
gistered  Stock. 

Burlington,  Conn. 


BROOKFIELD  YORKSHIRES. 

I  offer  8  to  10  weeks  old  improved  Yorkshires, 
either  sex,  $10  each,  registered  and  crated  f.  o.  b. 
Buffalo,  Brood  sows,  gilts  or  service  boars  at  rea¬ 
sonable  prices.  W.  Allan  Gardner,  Snyder,  Erie  Co.,  N.Y. 


Spring  Hill  Yorkshires  „  igfew  agJ»odCSi:.mod 

sows  for  sale.  Quality  and  prices  rignt.  CHAS. 
H.  EMENS,  Spring  Hill  Farm,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


I  ARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD- Regular  Summer 
■-  Offering  of  Bred  Sows.  Eighty  at  our  home  farm, 
8  to  111  months  old,  some  of  them  bred ;  selected  from 
large  litters  out  of  mature  dams.  $35  up.  Come  and 
look  them  over.  H.  C.  &  H.  B.  HARPENDING.  Dundee,  N.Y. 


THE  BIG,  DEEP  FELLOWS 

that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 


CHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs. 
v  Bred 


Bred  Sows. 
C.  K. 


Pigs  of  both  sex. 
Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
BARNES,  Oxford.  N.  Y. 


r$3  PACKAGE 

will  cure  any  case  or 
money  refunded. 

$1  PACKAGE 

cures  ordinary  cases. 
Postpaid  on  receipt  of  price. 
Agents  Wanted 

■Write  For  descriptive 
booklet 


P 


{”)liio  Improved  Chesters— Choice  Boars  for 
Fall  service  at  bargain  prices.  Pigs  not  akin. 

CROSSROAD  FARM,  Plattsburg,  N.  Y. 

|  SII23EP 

i _ _ _ _ _ 

FflR  QAI  P  —  REGISTERED  RAM BOUILLET 
rUfl  OflLC  RAMS;  O.  I.  C.  SWINE. 

C.  W.  HALLIDA  Y,  North  Chatham,  N.  Y. 

REGISTERED  SHROPSHIRE  RAMS 


Yeoman. 


FRED.  VAN  VLE15T,  Lodi,  N.  Y. 


COUCH,  DISTEMPER  /^|  |  Q  BT 
AND  INDIGESTION  vUI\k 

Tho  Standard  Veterinary  Remedy. 


W 

w 


Makes  the  horse  sound,  stay  sound 

DEATH  TO  HEAVES 

The  lirsl  or  second  $1.00  can  cures  Heaves.  The  third 
can  is  guaranteed  to  cure  or  money  relunded. 
$1.00  per  can  at  dealers,  or  express  prepaid. 

THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO.,  Toledo.  Ohio 

Terre  Haute  Veterinary  College 

A  complete  practical  course  in  Veterinary  Science. 

Write  today  for  catalogue  and  information. 

DR.  S.  V.  RAMSEY,  TERRE  HAUTE,  1ND. 


Percheron  and  Beluian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
at  farmers’  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown.  O, 

Pfll  I  IP  D| | DO— From  imported  stock.  Fomales 

UULL.lL  rUrOehenp.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City.  Pa. 


Kendalls  Spavin  Cure 


The  one  remedy  you  can  always  de¬ 
pend  on  to  cure  Spavin,  Curb,  Splint, 
Ringbone  or  any  lameness.  Thou¬ 
sands  have  proved  it  invaluable. 
Get  a  bottle  from  your  druggist. 
Price  per  bottle  $1.  6  for  $5.  “Treat-  I 
ise  on  the  Horse’ *  Free  at  drug¬ 
gist  or  from  I)r.  B.  .J.  KKNDALLCO., 
Knosburg  Falls,  Vt.,  U*  8.  A* 

. . . . 


Sained  Horses 

made  and  kept  sound  the  world  | 
over  by 

WINN'S 

OINTMENT 

Note  the  sign.  Price  8  1 .00  per  | 

Bottle.  Of  druggists  or  by  mail. 
Testimonials  free  for  the  asking. 

W.  B.  Eddy  &  Co.,  Whitehall,  N.Y. 


1911. 


'the:  rura.i>  new-yorker 


347- 


BEST  LOCALITY  FOR  HOGS. 

Will  you  give  me  your  opinion  as  to  the 
best  section  of  the  United  States  to  raise 
hogs  on  a  big  scale  for  market?  How  do 
New  York  State  and  New  Jersey  compare 
with  Virginia  and  the  West?  The  points 
to  consider  are  climate,  plenty  of  good  run¬ 
ning  water,  means  of  getting  hogs  to  mar¬ 
ket  ;  also  conditions  of  soil  for  growing  Red 
clover,  Essex  rape,  Alfalfa  and  corn. 

Gladstone,  N.  J.  e.  w.  t. 

The  inquirer  asks  a  large  question, 
that  covers  a  large  territory,  and  should 
be  answered  by  some  one  who  has  a 
wider  knowledge  of  these  United  States 
than  the  writer.  I  do  not  know  that  the 
hog  has  much  choice  in  the  matter  fur¬ 
ther  than  to  have  plenty  to  eat  and 
drink  and  a  comfortable  place  to  sleep. 
There  are  advantages  in  being  close  to 
market,  as  this  cuts  out  so  much  of  the 
cost  and  risk  in  shipment.  But  in  such 
locations  other  products  are  more  de¬ 
sirable  for  the  farmer  to  grow,  because 
more  profitable.  Where  the  location  en¬ 
tirely  favors  the  growing  of  swine  on 
the  large  scale  the  risk  of  loss  by  dis¬ 
ease,  if  they  are  produced,  is  corre¬ 
spondingly  great.  This  risk  is  the  great¬ 
est  factor  against  their  production  on 
a  large  scale  in  many  favorable  sections 
where  they  are  now  grown  in  limited 
numbers. 

.Before  locating  a  swine  farm  for  ex¬ 
tensive  production  many  things  must 
be  considered.  The  grain  producing 
capacity  of  the  farm,  the  pasture  facili¬ 
ties  and  the  water  conveniences,  all  of 
these  belonging  to  one  farm  in  size  to 
meet  the  requirements,  and  the  ambi¬ 
tion  of  the  owner  are  hard  to  get,  or  a 
smaller  farm  on  which  the  hogs  can  be 
bred  and  pastured  located  in  a  section 
where  grain  not  grown  on  the  farm  can 
be  bought  from  surrounding  farmers. 
The  trouble  in  finding  an  altogether  de¬ 
sirable  farm  with  living  running  water, 
is  that  the  necessary  spring  branches 
will  cut  the  farm  into  small  fields  that 
will  make  them  inconvenient  and  costly 
to  cultivate.  It  is  a  question  in  this 
connection  whether  or  not  tubular  or 
drilled  wells  would  not  be  more  desir¬ 
able  and  satisfactory  than  small  streams 
of  running  water.  It  is  generally  ad¬ 
mitted  that  for  large  production  such  a 
farm  should  be  in  the  so-called  corn 
belt,  as  corn  is  the  most  desirable  grain 
to  fatten  with,  but  it  is  not  necessary 
always  to  fatten  with  corn.  They  can 
be  grown  in  Alfalfa  countries,  and  fin¬ 
ished  with  corn  or  barley,  one  or  both. 
Was  it  my  desire  to  do  this  kind  of 
meat  producing  on  an  extensive  scale,  I 
would  hunt  a  locality  where  the  mild 
weather  would  cut  out  expensive  and 
costly  buildings,  where  it  would  never 
be  necessary  to  use  artificial  heat,  and 
where  corn  would  be  more  at  home  than 
in  some  sections  where  it  is  now  pro¬ 
duced.  While  Iowa  is  a  great  corn  and 
hog  producing  State,  still  it  seems  to 
me  that  on  many  accounts  sections  in 
Virginia  could  be  found  that  would  be 
more  desirable  in  many  respects.  Good 
land  must  come  into  such  a  combina¬ 
tion;  limestone  land  where  clover  can 
be  grown  in  rotation  as  well  as  Alfalfa 
for  permanent  pasture  and  hay,  grind¬ 
ing  the  hay  and  feeding  as  meal  when 
the  hogs  cannot  be  pastured.  New 
York  and  New  Jersey  may  have  locali¬ 
ties  where  such  a  scheme  can  be 
worked,  but  the  labor  question  must  be 
considered,  for  there  is  plenty  of  work 
about  a  hog  farm  that  must  be  done, 
and  that  regularly. 

I  do  not  know  what  the  inquirer 
would  call  a  large  scale  for  this  work. 

I  have  before  me  the  story  of  a  man 
in  the  Big  Horn  Basin  in  Wyoming 
who  has  100  brood  sows  that  are  pro¬ 
ducing  large  litters.  Alfalfa  is  the 
principal  roughness,  as  pasture  and 
meal.  Large  quantities  of  sugar  man¬ 
gels  are  used,  finishing  with  corn  at 
^1.30  per  100  pounds,  or  barley.  The 
local  demand  consumes  all  he  grows 
and  is  calling  for  more.  I  feel  sure 


that  in  a  plan  of  this  kind  the  man 
working  it  is  the  most  important  fac¬ 
tor.  In  a  few  miles  of  the  writer’s 
home  is  a  young  man  who  owns  262 
acres  of  land  in  two  farms,  one  con¬ 
taining  178  acres  and  the  other  84  acres. 
He  now  has  46  brood  sows  and  310 
Spring  pigs.  Last  year  his  work  was 
on  about  the  same  scale  and  very  prof¬ 
itable.  While  corn  is  comparatively 
cheap  he  finds  it  somewhat  difficult  to 
buy  over  and  above  what  he  grows 
himself,  as  he  cannot  on  his  area  of 
land  produce  all  he  needs.  Yet  corn  is 
grown  in  rotation  on  all  the  farms  in 
that  section,  and  all,,  the  farmers  grow 
hogs  in  limited  numbers.  The  work  of 
this  young  man  is  generally  considered 
risky,  but  if  he  escapes  disease  the 
profits  obtained  pay  well  for  the  risk 
taken.  Another  young  man  operating 
about  900  acres  of  land  has  36  brood 
sows  that  produced  this  Spring  260  pigs. 
As  I  understand  it,  these  sows  are  all 
kept  at  one  plant,  or  at  one  set  of  build¬ 
ings,  while  starting  their  pigs.  The 
hogs  are  used  to  follow  cattle  to  a  great 
extent  to  glean  the  corn  that  would 
otherwise  be  wasted. 

Ross  Co.,  O.  JOHN  M.  JAMISON. 


FEEDING  MOLASSES  TO  STOCK. 

Would  you  advise  the  feeding  of  molasses 
for  trial?  I  was  told  that  it  is  giving  good 
profit.  Is  it  a  cheap  or  expensive  feed? 

Tittstown,  N.  J.  w.  F. 

Yes,  but  we  would  not  try  it  until  win¬ 
ter.  Our  experience  shows  that  the  mo¬ 
lasses  -is  best  for  old  horses  or  animals  that 
do  not  do  well  on  dry  Winter  feed.  The 
molasses  is  a  laxative,  gives  the  animals 
a  better  coat,  helps  digest  food  and  en¬ 
courages  them  to  eat  coarse  food  which  they 
would  not  otherwise  touch.  Begin  with  a 
pint  and  gradually  increase.  We  find  it 
best  to  chop  hay  or  stalks,  dissolve  the 
molasses  In  water  and  sprinkle  the  liquid 
over  the  fodder. 


t MANGEL  WURZELS  FOR  HOGS. 

Do  hogs  thrive  on  mangel  wurzels?  I 
have  seen  a  statement  from  some  man  who 
says  that  he  plants  mangels  early  and  be¬ 
gins  to  feed  his  hogs  upon  them  about 
June  15,  and  from  then  on  he  feeds  nothing 
else,  and  that  they  do  well  on  them.  Can 
you  tell  me  if  this  would  prove  true  gener¬ 
ally?  Could  mangel  wurzels  be  planted 
late  in  the  Fall?  If  not,  how  early  in  the 
Spring  would  it  be  safe  to  plant,  here  in 
Connecticut?  H.  j.  i. 

Would  a  man  thrive  if  fed  nothing  but 
beets  or  carrots?  Mangels  are  good  as  part 
of  the  ration  for  cows,  hogs  or  sheep,  but 
you  cannot  expect  a  hog  to  do  his  best  on 
those  roots  alone.  We  should  feed  some  grain 
with  the  mangels.  Some  of  the  feeding 
stories  which  go  the  rounds  arc  ridiculous. 
Some  man  gets  fair  results  by  feeding  roots 
or  silage  as  part  of  the  ration.  He  drops 
the  other  part  and  others  get  the  idea  that 
planted  late.  White  or  Cow-horn  turnips 
the  roots  do  it  all.  Mangels  cannot  be 
are  the  roots  for  late  Summer  sowing. 


AILING  ANIMALS. 

Fistula. 

I  have  a  colt  four  years  old ;  she  has 
had  something  like  a  fistula  on  her  neck  for 
about  a  year.  A  veterinary  surgeon  cut  it 
open  and  it  has  been  running  ever  since. 
There  seems  to  be  a  pocket  that  holds  the 
pus,  and  it  is  running  ail  the  time.  Should 
I  have  this  cut  open  again  or  can  I  cure 
it  by  putting  medicine  in  this  pocket? 

Pennsylvania.  j.  c.  F. 

It  will  be  absolutely  necessary  to  lay 
open  each  pipe  and  pocket  so  that  pus  will 
have  free  vent.  Then  cleanse  the  cavities 
once  daily  with  a  large  quantity  of  two  per 
cent  solution  of  coal  tar  disinfectant,  and 
at  once  pack  full  of  oakum  saturated  in  a 
mixture  of  equal  parts  of  turpentine  and 
raw  linseed  oil.  Twice  a  week  swab  every 
part  of  the  wound  with  full  strength  tinc¬ 
ture  of  iodine.  If  it  is  a  bad  case  the 
veterinarian  should  prepare  autogenic  bac¬ 
teria  from  the  pus  and  use  that  in  the  treat¬ 
ment  of  the  case.  If  there  Is  a  pipe  (sinus) 
running  down  back  of  the  shoulder  blade 
the  ease  will  prove  practically  incurable 
unless  treated  by  a  trained  veterinarian. 

A.  S.  A. 

Abnormal  Breathing ;  Shoe-boil. 

1.  Would  you  give  me  your  opinion  as  to 
what  could  bo  the  matter  with  two  cows 
which  I  have  in  my  herd?  Both  animals 
seem  to  have  some  kind  of  a  defect  in  their 
breathing  systems.  Wnen  inhaling  and  ex¬ 
haling,  they  have  great  difficulty  and  will 
often  start  to  cough.  The  animals  are  in 
perfect  condition  otherwise  ;  they  feed  and 


chew  their  cud  the  way  any  other  animal 
would  do.  2.  Would  you  give  the  best  and 
surest  way  to  remove  a  shoe-boil  about  the 
size  of  a  man’s  fist  on  a  horse? 

New  Jersey.  k.  g. 

1.  In  such  circumstances  the  first  step 
should  be  to  have  the  cows  tested  with 
tuberculin,  as  tuberculosis  affecting  the 
glands  of  the  throat  is  the  most  likely  cause 
of  the  difficulty  in  breathing.  If  the  cows 
are  affected  with  the  disease  they  should  be 
disposed  of  according  to  law,  and  until  the 
test  has  been  made  the  milk  should  not  be 
used.  Milk  from  a  tuberculous  cow  is  dan¬ 
gerous  to  man  and  animals.  The  affected 
animals  also  spread  the  disease  to  other 
cattle  and  hogs  easily  contract  the  disease 
from  taking  the  milk  or  following  tubercu¬ 
lous  cattle  in  the  feeding  yards.  2.  Have 
the  shoe-boil  removed  by  cutting.  A  •very 
smull  scar  will  remain  and  the  operation 
is  greatly  to  be  preferred  to  a  i.v  other 
method  of  treatment.  a.  s.  a. 

Inflamed  Membranes. 

I  have  a  shepherd  dog  about  six  years 
old,  has  always  been  well.  Two  weeks  ago 
I  noticed  his  mouth,  tongue  and  gums  were 
inflamed,  not  raw,  and  that  quantities  of 
saliva  and  froth  were  constantly  running 
out.  I  can  detect  no  other  symptoms. 
Please  let  me  know  what  I  can  do  to  cure 
him.  I  have  been  giving  him  sulphur  in 
milk  and  washing  his  mouth  out  with  a 
strong  solution  of  borax  water.  The  dog 
Is  fed  twice  a  day,  but  seldom  eats  more 
than  one  good  meal.  Food  consists  of 
table  scraps,  vegetables,  corn  bread  and 
buttermilk.  Dog  is  tied  only  at  night  and 
has  fresh  water  all  the  time.  a.  ii. 

Stop  giving  sulphur.  Do  .  not  feed  but¬ 
termilk.  Allow  one  meal  a  day,  at  night. 
Mix  one  teaspoonful  of  borax  to  each  table¬ 
spoonful  of  strained  honey  and  use  freely 
in  mouth  two  or  three  times  a  day. 

a.  s.  A. 


Strongest,  Heaviest,  Most  Durable  Galvanized 

STEEL  FENCE  POST 

jnade.  Will  not  rot,  rust  nor  burn.  Any 
length,  holds  any  wire  fence,  lower  base 
removable.  May  be  driven  or  anchored. 
For  farms,  railroads,  vineyards  and 
lawns.  Six-foot  posts  85  cents. 

Catalogue  Free 

KENT  STEEL  FENCE  POST  COMPANY 
108  School  Street  Kent,  Ohio 


For  Sale-Three  Registered  Holstein  Cattle 

Ono  2  years,  one  3  years  and  one  4  years  old.  All 
due  to  freshen  next  month  (September).  Also  one 
pair  of  young  mules,  full  brother  ami  sister,  throe 
and  four  years  old,  16  hands  high,  and  will  make  a 
big  pair  when  filled  out;  thoroughly  broken  to  all 
kinds  of  farm  work.  Have  four  pairs  large  mules; 
will  sell  any  pair  of  those;  don’t  wait. 

HICKORY  GROVE  FARM,  OWEGO,  N.  Y. 


SHROPSHIRE  Yearling  Rams,  Ewe  and 
l311  Ram  Lambs  and  a  few 

Young  Ewes;  priced  to  sell  quick.  Write 

H.  J.  VAN  DYKE,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

For  Sale~2P°  S  C  WHITE  LEGHORN  Yearlino  Hens, 

thoroughbred  strain.  Good  layers 
and  in  a  healthy  condition,  $1.00  each,  Address 

J.  M.  WAY,  R.  F.  D.  2,  Hockessin,  Del. 


FOR  I  F— Sl,lgle  Comb  Buff  leghorn: 

1  \J IV  ortLE  (linns) ;  also  Indian  Runner  Ducks 
$1.00  apiece  up.  CHAS.  O.  RODNEY,  Hartly,  Del 


Choice  Yearling  Single 
Comb  White  Leghorns 

$1.00  per  head  ;•  reduction  on  lot 


250 


G. 

Alta  Crest, 


A.  MILLER,  Supt., 

Greenwich,  Conn. 


SINGLE  COMI!  WHITE  LEGHORN  S-Writo 
at  once  if  you  wish  stock  from  our  '‘mammoth 
utility”  strain  of  heaviest  layers  and  the  most  suc¬ 
cessful  and  pronably  the  best  known  egg  farm  on 
Long  Island.  "Quality”  prices  not  considered— 
quick  movino  prices  are.  THOR.XEHA VEN  POUL¬ 
TRY  FARM,  Shelter  Island  Heights,  N.  Y. 

S.C.W.  LEGHORNS  Hens  for  Sale 

Suitable  for  foundation  stock.  $1.00  each  in  lots  of 
100  or  more.  Small  lots,  $2.00  each. 

Yearling  Cocks,  Early  Cockerels  and  Pullets. 
MOUNT  PLEASANT  FARM.  HAVRE  DE  GRACE,  MD. 

Pullets  For  Sale-Parks  Strain 

225  Barred  Rock  Pullets  hatched  March  17  grown 
on  free  range,  that  will  weigh  4  ibs.  each  or  better 
at  the  present  time;  will  lay  in  September  with  or¬ 
dinary  care.  Color  and  size  very  uniform.  Many 
of  individual  Breeders  have  egg  records  of  190-200 
each;  average  for  entire  flock  better  than  160  for 
the  last  eleven  months.  Price,  in  100  lots,  $1  60 
each;  less  number,  $1.75  each,  immediate  delivery 
We  have  200  hatched  April  10th,  that  are  just  as 
good  in  evory  way,  that  will  average  3  ibs.  or  better 
each,  at  $1.50.  The  above  is  as  accurate  a  descrip¬ 
tion  as  can  be  given.  Will  select  stock  of  exhibition 
quality  at  a  slight  increase  over  above  prices. 

THE  MACKEY  FARMS,  GII.BOA,  N.  Y. 

WANTFrHA  Manager  with  practical  experience 
1 1  mi  I  LU  in  Agriculture  and  Horticulture  (a 
grade ato  from  Agricultural  College  preferred)  to 
take  charge  of  my  farm  of  about  550  acres  My 
place  is  located  about  25  miles  from  St  Louis,  and  is 
fully  oquippod.  Will  pay  a  salary  and  a  percentage 
of  the  profits  to  the  right  m<ui.  None  need  apply 
that  is  not  energetic.  JOHN  T.  Mil. LIKEN, 
181  Chimiber  of  Commerce,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

WANTFD  *l'!lrir,er  And  Wife,  German  pro- 
ferred;  man  to  run  farm  and  over¬ 
see  poultry  plant;  wife  to  cook  and  laundry.  Sober, 
honest  and  hard-working  people  wanted.  Wages 
$42.00  per  month.  Maplewood  Farm.  Ridgewood,  N.  J. 


Cut  work 
in  half 

You  can  cut  the  work 
of  caring  for  your  cows 
in  half— feed  them  indi¬ 
vidually,  water  them  in 
the  stall-provide  great¬ 
er  comfort  for  them 
and  keep  them  clean  by  use  of 

James  Sanitary  Barn  Equipment 

Saves  its  cost  in  a  year’s  time.  Without  the 
James  Equipment  you  spend  an  amount  equiva- 
lentto  ts  costin  unnecessary  expense  of  barn 
work,  in  wasted  feed,  in  ruined  udders  and  un¬ 
healthy  cows.  Why  not  have  the  James  Equip¬ 
ment  to  show  forthe  money  spent— and  save  the 
amount  each  succeeding  year. 

Writefor  Book  No.  8,  i  finterested  in  Stalls  and 
Stanchions— and  Book  No.  9, i  finterested  i  n  Litter 
or  Feed  Carriers.  Either  or  both  sent  FREE.  Bo 
sure  to  state  number  of  cows  owned. 


Kent  Mfg.  Co.,  3230 Cane  St.,  Ft.  Atkinson,  Wis. 


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same  time  by  feeding  Dried  Brewers 
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Ono  man  can  easily  lay  theso  everlasting  steel  shin¬ 
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You  cun  apply  Edwards  "Reo"  Steel  Shingles  over 
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nnOQ  SILO  FILLING 
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A  complete  stock  of  machines  and  repairs  carried 
with  The  Fairbanks  Co.,  Syracuse,  N.Y.,  Mallalieu 
Conroy,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Brinton  &  Worth, 
WestChester  Pa, Fred  l». Fuller, Gouverneur,N.Y. 


I  r\  I  v  ITI |  ,|y  — .  — —  sey  vjows, 

run  my  farm  on  shares.  ( 
of  the  best  farms  in  New  Jersey,  near  senshc 
Good  team,  up-to-date  tools,  now  large  barn,  r 
lung  stream,  pigs,  chickens,  etc.:  ice  c  ui  ho  cut 
place,  l  arge,  beautiful  house,  steam  heat,  hat 
stationary  wash  tubs,  etc.  Possession  at  once.  N< 
hut  those  courting  the  most  rigid  investigat 
need  apply.  Jamk/  Dknsmork,  Toms  River,  N 


848 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


August  19, 


The  Henyard. 


DRY  MASH  FOR  GROWING  CHICKS. 

I  wish  to  ask  a  few  questions  about  poul¬ 
try.  I  have  14  White  Leghorns  and  14 
White  Wyandottes,  all  eight  weeks  old.  They 
are  all  thoroughbreds,  and  are  the  nucleus 
from  which  I  wish  to  build  up  a  large  flock 
next  Spring.  Can  you  give  a  good  dry  mash 
ration  for  them?  Should  both  breeds  get 
the  same?  Should  the  ration  be  varied 
from  month  to  month?  Will  the  Leghorns 
do  well  in  confinement — say  eight  in  a  yard 
5x10?  L.  L.  F. 

Portland,  Ore. 

While  the  chicks  are  growing  the  same 
dry  mash  may  be  fed  to  both  Leghorns  and 
Wyandottes ;  that  is  while  they  are  from 
two  to  five  months  old  or  until  the  Leg¬ 
horns  begin  laying.  The  Wyandottes  will 
not  lay  until  they  are  a  month  or  six  weeks 
older.  Here  is  a  good  formula  to  feed  while 
the  chicks  are  small :  Eight  parts  wheat 
bran ;  three  parts  wheat  middlings ;  three 
parts  cornmeal ;  four  parts  sifted  beef 
scraps;  one  part  bone  meal;  one  part  fine 
charcoal;  four  parts  ground  Alfalfa. 
< Iround  Alfalfa  can  now  be  obtained  from 
most  grain  dealers,  and  it  supplies  to  some 
extent  the  necessity  for  green  food,  but  does 
not  wholly  do  so.  The  bone  meal  may  be 
left  out  if  not  easy  to  obtain,  as  the  bran 
furnishes  a  large  amount  of  mineral  matter, 
but  the  bone  is  an  additional  insurance 
against  leg  weakness,  which  often  occurs 
in  rapidly  growing  chicks.  The  dry  mash 
should  be  kept  where  the  chicks  can  get 
at  it  as  often  as  they  wish  and  whole 
grain  fed  night  and  morning,  one  part  oats, 
two  parts  cracked  corn,  two  parts  wheat. 
Barley  may  be  substituted  for  the  oats  oc¬ 
casionally  to  give  variety.  In  buying  oats 
prefer  those  that  have  dark  colored  kernels 
among  them;  that  shows  that  they  have  not 
been  “bleached.”  Bleached  oats  are  said  to 
be  responsible  for  the  death  of  several 
horses  in  this  State,  Connecticut,  and  a 
prominent  poultryman  here  writes  that  in 
trying  to  sprout  oats  for  his  fowls  he 
found  that  some  of  the  bags  of  oats  would 
sprout  only  a  few  kernels,  the  main  part 
would  sour  and  mold,  and  hens  to  which 
the  sprouted  ones  were  fed,  wasted  away 
(“went  light”)  and  acted  as  they  would  if 
under  the  influence  of  a  slow  poison.  lie 
suggests  that  this  may  be  responsible  for 
the  almost  universally  poor  hatches  this 
Spring.  These  oats  are  large,  very  even  in 
color,  no  dark  ones  among  them. 

tV hen  the  pullets  are  put  in  Winter  quar¬ 
ters  next  Fall  the  manner  of  feeding  will 
depend  on  whether  a  large  number  of  eggs 
are  wanted,  or  fertile  eggs  and  strong 
chicks.  If  the  latter,  then  the  pullets 
should  be  fed  more  scantily,  oats  and  bar¬ 
ley  making  a  large  part  of  the  ration  with 
very  little  meat  and  plenty  of  green  food, 
cabbage  or  mangel  beets.  A  pint  of  dry 
grain  fed  in  deep  litter  to  25  fowls  in  the 
morning  will  give  them  exercise  until  noon, 
when  the  dry  mash  hopper  should  be  opened 
and  let  the  hens  help  themselves.  At  night 
dry  grain  again,  of  which  half  should  be 
whole  corn,  especially  if  the  weather  is  very 
cold. 

As  L.  L.  F.  wishes  to  use  his  chicks  for 
breeders  next  Spring  it  is  not  necessary 
to  give  a  forcing  ration  for  eggs.  The 
Wyandotte  pullets  should  be  fed  less  corn 
than  the  Leghorns  as  their  tendency  to  take 
on  fat  is  much  greater.  When  they  are 
laying  well,  one-half  of  the  ration  for  the 
Leghorns  may  be  corn  or  cornmeal ;  for  the 
Wyandottes  not  over  one-third,  and  the 
quantity  of  beef  scrap  should  be  increased 
until  it  forms  one-eighth  of  the  whole  ra¬ 
tion.  The  feeding  problem  is  one  that  must 
be  learned  by  experience.  No  intelligent 
dairyman  feeds  all  his  cows  alike,  and  the 
amateur  poultryman  will  find  some  of  his 
fowls  becoming  too  fat  on  a  ration  that 
just  keeps  the  rest  of  them  in  good  laving 
condition.  The  remedy  is  to  put  the  extra 
fat  ones  in  a  pen  by  themselves,  and  feed 
scantily  of  oats  and  barley,  cutting  out 
the  corn  until  they  are  in  proper  condition 
again.  Hens  will  lay  when  so  fat  that  there 
is  a  chunk  of  “leaf  lard”  each  side  in  their 
abdomen  as  big  as  a  man’s  hand,  and  the 
fat  on  their  back  an  inch  thick  (this  is  no 
exaggeration,  I  have  had  such),  but  the  eggs 
are  less  fertile,  often  thin  shelled,  and  if 
fertile,  do  not  produce  as  strong  chicks. 

GEO.  A.  COSGROVE. 


A  Case  of  “  Limberneck.” 

What  ails  my  chickens?  They  appear 
to  be  well  one  day,  next  morning  they 
will  be  on  the  roost  with  their  heads  hang¬ 
ing  down,  and  will  soon  fall  off,  and  last 
maybe  two  days,  and  die.  They  have  free 
range,  and  those  that  roost  in  trees  are 
affected  the  same.  They  seem  to  lose  con¬ 
trol  of  their  necks  altogether ;  their  feath¬ 
ers  get  lose  and  will  come  out  bv  handfuls. 
They  are  in  good  flesh  and  will  lav  eggs 
while  they  are  lying  around.  Those  that 
are  not  so  bad  will  try  to  eat,  but  seem 
as  if  they  cannot  open  their  bills.  j.  g. 

Hancock,  Md. 

The  case  mentioned  is  clearly  what  is 
known  as  “limberneck.”  a  form  of  ptomaine 
poisoning  caused  by  the  hens  eating  decay¬ 
ing  meat  of  some  sort.  It  may  tie  nothing 
more  than  a  dead  rat  or  a  'rabbit  lying 
about  unburied,  but  the  result  is  just  as 
deadly.  There  is  no  direct  cure  for  ad¬ 
vanced  cases.  Epsom  salts  in  the  drinking 
water  will  purge  and  possibly  save  those 
only  slightly  affected.  I  cannot  too  severe¬ 
ly  condemn  the  custom  of  leaving  dead 
fowls  and  vermin  about  the  place  for  buz¬ 
zards  and  other  scavengers  to  clean  up,  a 
custom  altogether  too  common  in  Maryland 
and  the  South.  Be  sure  to  bury  everything 
dead,  and  bury  it  deep  for  your  own  sake 
as  well  as  your  poultry.  Given  the  right 
conditions  a  single  dead  rat  can  ruin  the 
work  of  years,  as  in  the  present  case. 

R.  B. 


The  following  is  the  egg  record  of  25  of 
my  S.  C.  W.  Leghorn  pullets  for  six 
months:  January,  412;  February,  453; 

March,  508;  April,  506;  May,  499;  June, 
484 ;  total,  2,862.  This  is  an  average  of 
1 14  eggs  per  hen.  These  pullets  were 
hatched  about  the  middle  of  May,  and 
housed  in  a  10  by  10  foot  portable  poultry 
house  in  September,  and  have  not  been 
outside  of  the  house  since.  p.  s.  m. 

Pennsylvania. 


Express  Company  and  Baby  Chicks. 

One  of  our  readers  ordered  a  shipment 
of  baby  chicks.  They  were  to  come  C.  O. 
D.  When  they  got  there  one-fourth  of  the 
number  were  short.  The  express  agent 
said  that  six  had  died,  and  he  threw  them 
out,  and  he  makes  the  buyer  believe  that 
he  .has  got  to  pay  the  full  C.  O.  U 
charges.  Then  the  express  company  re¬ 
fused  to  settle  for  the  dead  chicks,  and  the 
shipper  having  received  his  money  washes 
his  hands  out  of  all  responsibility.  In 
such  a  case  should  he  in  your  judgment 
settle  for  the  chicks?  Have  you  ever 
known  of  such  a  case  and  what  would  you 
do  in  such  an  event? 

If  the  buyer  can  prove  that  shipper  con¬ 
signed  chicks  one-fourth  short  would  say 
that  settlement  could  be  forced  in  case 
number  involved  would  justify  action.  In 
ordering  baby  chicks  the  buyer  should  first 
be  reasonably  sure  he  is  purchasing  from 
an  honest  poultryman  (one  who  does  not 
make  a  practice  of  selling  his  culls  when 
first  hatched  and  reserving  the  strong  ones 
for  himself),  and  in  second  place  to  be 
reasonable  also  and  expect  to  find  a  small 
percentage  dead  upon  arrival,  the  number 
depending  upon  distance  shipped.  Of  course 
in  this  case  25  per  cent  might  have  died 
and  been  thrown  out  (agent  claiming  ship¬ 
ment  short),  but  proof  is  necessary.  A 
shipper’s  responsibility  ends  upon  delivery 
of  goods  to  the  agent  or  agency  chosen  by 
the  buyer  for  the  transmission,  unless 
otherwise  agreed  upon.  Unless  the  amount 
hero  involved  is  large  would  advise  the 
buyer  to  take  no  action.  People  buying 
large  numbers  of  day-old  chicks  should 
visit  hatchery  and  see  their  chicks  boxed 
and  shipped.  This  would  prevent  their  be¬ 
ing  imposed  upon  by  shipper  and  they 
could  also  hold  express  companies  respon¬ 
sible  for  negligence.  I  know  of  one  ship- 
men  of  5,000,  2,000  of  which  arrived  dead. 
Unless  they  were  delayed  in  transit  it  is 
probable  chicks  were  too  weak,  and  conse¬ 
quently  worthless.  w.  h.  Tomlinson. 

Connecticut. 

In  the  above  case,  when  the  shipper  had 
delivered  the  chicks  to  the  express  com¬ 
pany,  and  they  had  receipted  for  them  in 
good  condition,,  his  responsibility  ends,  and 
the  responsibility  of  the  express  company 
begins ;  they  should  deliver  all  the  chicks, 
both  the  living  and  the  dead.  Failing  to 
do  that  the  express  company  is  clearly  lia¬ 
ble  for  the  missing  chicks.  How  does  any¬ 
one  know  but  that  the  express  agent  stole 
the  six  missing’  chicks?  If  all  he  has  to 
do  is  to  say  that  “so  many  died  and  he 
threw  them  out,”  the  agents  could  stock 
up  with  chicks  pretty  easily.  It  may  be 
quite  true  in  this  case  that  the  chicks  died, 
but  the  agent  made  a  bad  mistake  in  open¬ 
ing  the  package  and  taking  out  the  dead 
chicks;  and  if  the  express  company  signed 
for  24  chicks  and  delivered  but  18.  they  are 
clearly  responsible  for  the  missing  ones.  I 
have  shipped  live  fowls  to  New  York  and 
had  a  hen  die  on  the  way,  and  the  con¬ 
signee  shipped  the  dead  hen  back  in  the 
(otherwise)  empty  crate,  although  he  is  an 
old  friend  of  mine  and  knows  that  it  would 
never  enter  my  head  to  doubt  his  word. 
The  shipper  should  not  settle  for  the  miss¬ 
ing  chicks  unless  he  guaranteed  safe  deliv¬ 
er!/  ;  if  he  did,  then  it  is  up  to  him  to  make 
good,  and  collect  from  the  express  com¬ 
pany.  If  I  should  ship  a  dozen  baskets  of 
peaches  to  a  consignee,  and  the  express 
company  deliver  11  full  baskets  and  one 
basket  nearly  empty,  would  they  consider 
it  a  good  defense  for  the  agent  to  say  that 
the  peaches  in  that  basket  were  rotten  and 
he  threw  them  out?  I  rather  think  not, 
but  the  principle  would  be  just  the  same 
as  in  this  case.  geo.  a.  cosgrove. 

Connecticut. 

Express  Companies  Have  the  Advantage. 

Although  I  have  never  shipped  or  re¬ 
ceived  baby  chicks  my  express  company  ex¬ 
perience  with  other  classes  of  live  stock 
leads  me  to  believe  that  the  party  in  this 
case  is  without  recourse.  Unless  he  had 
some  previous  guarantee  from  the  shipper, 
promising  the  safe  delivery  of  all  or  a  cer¬ 
tain  percentage  of  chicks  shipped,  he  had 
no  business  accepting  the  shipment  from 
the  agent  or  paying  cash  due.  That  pay¬ 
ment  released  both  carrier  and  shipper 
from  all  responsibility  unless  there  was,  as 
before  stated,  some  written  understanding 
with  the  shipper.  That  this  was  a  C.  O. 
D.  shipment  gave  the  purchaser  every  ad¬ 
vantage  if  he  had  only  not  paid.  I  refer 
you  to  the  clause  in  the  United  States  Ex¬ 
press  Company’s  contracts,  covering  this 
case  and  just  such  an  agreement  or  one 
very  similar  to  it  the  shipper  must  have 
signed.  It  reads,  “If  any  sum  of  money 
besides  the  charges  for  transportation  is 
to  be  collected  from  consignee  on  delivery 
of  property” — C.  O.  D.  collection — “and 
the  same  is  not  paid  within  30  days  from 
the  date  hereof,  the  shipper  agrees  that 
this  company  may  at  its  option  return  said 
property  to  him  at  the  expiration  of  that 
time,  subject  to  the  conditions  of  this  re¬ 
ceipt  and  that  he  will  pay  charges  for 
transportation  both  ways  and  that  the  lia¬ 
bility  of  this  company  for  such  property 
while  in  its  possession,  for  the  making  of 
such  collection,  shall  be  that  of  warehouse¬ 
man  only.”  So  in  any  case  the  express 
company  was  responsible  to  the  shipper 
only,  and  up  to  the  minute  the  payment 
was  made  the  shipper  was  the  only  one 
whom  the  purchaser  could  hold  responsible, 
since  the  chicks  were  still  the  former’s 
property  and  he  had  delivered  only  three- 
fourths  of  them.  Not  one  person  in  a  hun¬ 
dred  would  have  been  hard-hearted  enough 
to  leave  those  baby  chicks  to  the  tender 
mercies  of  an  express  company,  but  such 
is  business,  or  rather  express-made  busi¬ 
ness. 

If  the  person  had  refused  payment,  the 
question  of  damages  would  have  lain  be¬ 
tween  the  company  and  the  shipper,  and  on 
reading  their  contract  I  can  understand 
very  readily  why  the  shipper,  once  he  had 
his  money,  was  so  willing  to  wash  his 
hands  of  all  responsibility.  If  the  said 
shipper,  after  signing  this  contract,  could 
find  any  accident  not  provided  for  and  for 
which  the  company  declares  itself  not  re¬ 
sponsible,  he  surely  could  show  any  camel 
an  easy  way  through  a  needle’s  eye.  The 
only  thing  they  do  agree  to  make  good  is 
loss  due  “to  fraud  or  gross  negligence”  on 
the  part  of  employees  and  the  burden  of 
proof  lies  on  the  complainant.  They  dis¬ 
claim  all  responsibility  for  loss  due  to  the 
inability  or  refusal  of  their  carriers,  the 
railroad  and  steamboat  lines,  to  handle  the 
matter  at  any  point  along  the  road.  They 
refuse  it  again  “unless  the  shipment  be 
properly  packed  and  secured  for  transpor¬ 


tation.”  And  so  on  down  through  an  end¬ 
less  number  of  risks,  and  as  if  these  were 
not  sufficient  protection  to  the  company 
they  are  not  to  be  held  liable  for  loss  due 
to  “an  act  of  God,"  and  this  last  might 
cover  a  multitude  of  mischances.  And  if 
by  any  means  six  dead  baby  chickens  could 
be  proven  innocent  of  breaking  the  long 
list  of  regulations  preceding,  that  last 
clause  surely  has  got  them — “an  act  of 
God.”  To  my  mind,  there  is  only  one  so¬ 
lution  to  such  a  state  of  affairs,  namely,  a 
postal  express,  run  in  the  interest  of  its 
patrons,  and  willing  to  insure  them  against 
reasonable  risks,  settling  claims  fairly  and 
promptly.  What  we  want  here  as  else¬ 
where  is  true  reciprocity  of  interests  be¬ 
tween  the  carrier  and  its  patrons. 

Maryland.  reuben  brigiiam. 


Crossing  Brahma  and  White  Rock. 

Do  you  think  I  can  produce  a  breed  of 
white  fowls  with  the  size  of  the  Light  Brah¬ 
ma  and  some  of  the  characteristics  of  the 
White  Rock  by  crossing  the  two  breeds? 
My  object  is  to  get  it  fowl  larger  than  the 
Itock  with  the  characteristics  of  the  Brah¬ 
ma.  Were  the  Brahma  white  with  clean 
legs  she  would  be  any  ideal  fowl.  Poultry 
keeping  with  me  is  a  side  issue.  I  have 
no  nearby  market  for  broilers,  but  a 
good  market  for  roasters,  and  depend  largely 
for  my  profit  on  them.  I  raise  nearly  all 
my  own  feed,  and  fowls  have  unlimited 
range.  I  intend  to  try  caponizing.  Would 
this  breed,  provided  I  can  bring  it  to  my 
standard,  make  a  good  capon? 

New  York.  a.  j.  h. 

I  would  advise  A.  J.  H.  that  if  he  wants 
roasters  and  capons,  the  Brahma- White 
Rock  cross  would  be  excellent — that  is,  the 
first  cross.  _  But  as  he  says  he  wants  a 
Brahma  with  white  plumage  and  clean 
legs,  his  best  plan  is  to  pick  for  lightest 
feathering  and  whitest  birds  among  his 
Brahmas.  This  will  be  slow  work,  but 
sure.  Crossing  with  the  White  Rock  will 
not  give  him  what  he  wants,  since  the 
M  lute  Rock,  being  a  “sport”  from  a  darker 
variety,  will  more  than  likely  throw  darker 
birds  than  any  of  his  Brahmas,  and  in  any 
event  be  very  hard  to  “fix”  to  the  type  of 
bird  he  wants.  The  White  Indian  Game 
is  a  large,  meaty  bird,  and  nearer  what  he 
wants  for  crossing,  but  one  not  easy  to  get. 
I  would  rather  depend  on  selecting  the 
Brahmas  he  already  has.  as  crossing  to 
make  a  new  breed  is  at  best  a  lottery,  u.  b. 


“THE  BETTER  WAY' 
DISTRIBUTER 

Our  i  mprovod  patented  open 
throat  elbow  with  sliding 
door  regulate*  the  blast  of 
your  blower  through  our 
Flexible  Distributer.  It  In¬ 
creases  the  capacity  of  your 
silo,  mixes,  distributes  and 
firmly  packs  the  feed  almost 
automatically.  “It  prevents 
the  spoiling  of  the  ensilage” 
Saves  Its  cost  in  labor  over 
and  over  again.  Fits  any 
blower.  Sold  on  trial.  Thou¬ 
sands  in  use.  “Nothing  like 
It.”  We  pay  the  freight. 
Now  la  the  time  to  order. 
(15**  If  you  own  a  Silq,  write 
now  for  our  Special  Offer. 

W.  W.  BATEMAN  CO. 
146  3d  St.,  Boonville.  Ind. 


SmaI1,®y  Fillers 

The  ouly  machine  with  force  feed  table, 
automatic  feed  rolls,  and  safety  fly 
wheel  and  belt  pulley  which  loosen 
automatically  from  the  shaft 
and  thus  keep  foreign  substances 
out  of  the  knives  and  blower.  Greater 
,  greater  safety,  greater 
convenience,  less  power,  less 
repairs.  Send  for  catalogue. 

HARDER  MFG.  CO. 
Box  ll.Cobleskill.N.Y. 


Write  for  Ensilage  Facts 

Why  youshould  feed  silage,  and  why  you  should 

i  with'  Blizzard  Ensilage  Cutter 

(  which  savesone  man’s  time  and  wages.  Runs  on 
i  least  power.  Mas  Improved  wind  elevator,  adjust¬ 
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guaranteed.  Write  for  ''Evidence”  and  “Why 
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All  free.  A  postal  card 
will  bring  them.  Write 
today. 

Jos.  Dick  , 
Manufacturing 
Company 
1426W.  Tuscarawas  St. 
Canton,  Ohio 


“Pusley”  as  Hen  Food. 

I  think  I  can  go  you  one  better  on  the 
disposal  of  “pusley.”  You  might  mulch  vour 
orchard  with  wheat  bran,  which  also  'con¬ 
tains  nitrogen.  1  am  told,  and  make  cold 
slaw  of  your  pusley  for  the  shut-in  chick¬ 
ens,  if  you  have  any.  If  I  could  raise  a 
crop  intentionally  that  grew  with  such  lux¬ 
uriance  and  was  eaten  so  eagerly  by  the 
chickens,  I  should  think  I  was  doing  a 
good  tiling.  With  a  big  handful  in  one 
hand,  a  knife  (butcher  or  jack)  iu  the 
other,  and  a  board  leaning  against  my  knee, 
I  cut  the  fat,  juicy  plants  into  half-inch 
lengths,  and  almost  grow  fat  myself  watch¬ 
ing  how  they  enjoy  it.  Simply  pulled  and 
thrown  over  to  them,  they  seem  to  get  very 
little  good  of  it.  It  is  about  all  the  greens 
that  80  half-grown  shut-ins  have  had  for 
the  past  month,  and  they  have  thrived  won¬ 
derfully.  E.  N.  B. 

Referring  to  your  remarks  about  “pus- 
ley,”  I  want  to  tell  you  if  you  have  yarded 
chickens  and  pigs,  it  is  the  most  valuable 
crop  you  raise.  I  was  mourning  over  it 
last  month,  and  had  a  lot  of  it  pulled  and 
thrown  into  the  henyard,  being  the  most 
convenient  place.  1  found  they  ate  it 
ravenously,  and  the  result  was  in  increase 
of  50  per  cent  in  egg  production,  and  a 
decrease  of  50  per  cent  in  grain  used.  My 
small  chickens  in  brooders  will  leave  their 
chick  feed  and  pick  at  it.  F.  H. 

Peekskill,  N.  Y. 

R.  N.-Y. — As  a  boy  on  a  New  England 
farm  we  ate  “pusley”  cooked  with  boiled 
pork  as  “greens.”  It  was  good,  too.  This 
weed  is  said  to  contain  nearly  as  much 
nitrogen  as  Alfalfa.  We  know  that  it 
makes  young  trees  jump. 


Save  Money  On 

Your  Ensilage  Gutter 

Don’t  decide  till  you  get  our  prices  and 
facts  to  prove  absolutely  incomparable 
quality.  No  other  silage  cutter  cuts  en¬ 
silage  and  dry  fodder  so  quickly,  on  so  little  power 
at  so  little  cost  as  the  world-famous 

Gale-Baldwin 

and  we  want  to  prove  it  to  you.  Furnished  with  elevators 
to  fill  the  highest  silos.  Safety  fly  wheel,  safety  treadle  lever. 

Cut  4  different  lengths,  cut  fastest,  feed  easiest.  With  or 
without  traveling  feed  table.  Don't  wait  1  Write  now  for 
prices  and  Free  Book  of  Facts.  Address 


GREEN  MOUNTAIN  SILOS 

Write  TODAY  for  Booklet  to 
CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MANUFACTURING  CO 
338  West  St.,  Rutland,  Vt. 


Harvest  Days 

How  much  easier,  how  much  cheaper 
they  would  be,  if  all  hands  didn’t  have 
to  turn  in  and  milk. 

One  Man  with  a 

Sharpies  Mechanical  Milker 

t 

can  take  care  of  all  the  milking. 
Think  what  that  means  to  you. 

Find  out  what  we  mean  when  we  say 

‘"The  Teat  Cup  with  the  Upward  Squeeze” 

leaves  the  teat  soft,  pliable  and  natural. 
Send  for  Catalogue  “E” 

DAIRY  SPECIALTY  CO.,  Trust  Bldg.,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


3011. 


THR  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


840 


DEVON  CATTLE  AS  DUAL  BREED. 

We  see  in  the  leading  agricultural 
journals  the  subject  of  dual  or  general 
purpose  farmers’  breeds  of  cattle.  There 
are  many  breeds  that  claim  the  above 
title,  and  some  are  such,  no  doubt,  but 
there  is  one  breed  that  is  not  often 
mentioned  in  print.  I  refer  to  the 
Devons.  Just  why  the  breeders  of  the 
Devons  do  not  write  up  their  merits  I 
cannot  explain.  Other  breeds  are 
lauded  to  the  skies,  as  it  were,  but  not 
a  word  from  the  breeders  of  the  rubies. 
When  it  comes  to  the  real  fanners’  cow 
the  Devon  surely  has  a  place  among 
them.  You  may  ask  on  what  grounds 
the.  claim  of  dual-purpose  is  made.  I 
reply,  on  the  very  make-up  of  the  breed, 
their  adaptability  to  whatever  place  they 
are  put,  either  in  the  dairy  or  on  the 
block.  We  have  now  to  consider  what 
breed  or  breeds  are  suited  to  the  above 
conditions.  May  I  call  to  your  atten¬ 
tion  the  maxim  of  some  of  the  older 
breeders,  “Every  pound  of  weight  rep¬ 
resents  so  much  food  or  its  equival¬ 
ent.”  While  we  do  not  claim  the 
Devon  to  be  the  largest,  we  do  claim 
that  for  the  average  fanner  there  is  no 
better  breed.  The  Devon-  per  acre  of 
grass  or  bushel  of  feed  consumed  will 
outclass  almost  any  other  breed.  They 
fatten  at  any  age,  and  grow  to  good 
size.  We  know  steers  that  have  tipped 


of  2  2-5  butter  for  the  24  hours.  An 
Ohio  breeder  sold  from  four  cows  40 
pounds  of  butter  per  week  after  supply¬ 
ing  a  family  of  eight  persons  at  home 
with  butter  and  cream.  This  shows 
that  the  Devon  is  not  lacking  in  dairy 
qualities.  A  Devon  breeder  in  Missouri 
says  of  his  Devons,  “My  Devons  go  to 
pasture  in  the  Spring  in  100  pounds 
better  flesh  than  any  other  cattle  I  have 
ever  owned.  Shippers  say  I  must  have 
them  on  full  feed  all  the  time.  I  feed 
them  silage  and  clover  hay.”  -  So  by 
this  the  Devon  has  a  place  among  the 
dual  or  farmers’  cow,  good  at  the  pail, 
good  at  the  block,  where  they  are  not 
excelled  for  quality  of  meat— the  breed 
with  the  three  B’s,  Butter,  Beef  and 
Beauty.  l.  p.  sisson. 

Illinois. 


DAIRYING  IN  MICHIGAN. 

Climatically  and  geographically  Michigan 
is  very  similarly  situated  to  her  sister 
State,  Wisconsin,  which  has  a  world-wide 
reputation  along  the  lines  of  dairy  produc¬ 
tion  and  manufacture.  Very  little  is  shown 
in  the  agricultural  press  of  the  relative 
comparison  of  Michigan  and  Wisconsin  as 
dairy  States.  One  with  a  knowledge  of 
agricultural  conditions  can  but  feel  that 
Michigan,  while  without  the  reputation,  is 
gradually  approaching  Wisconsin  in  the 
amount  of  dairy  products  placed  upon  the 
market  during  the  year.  Michigan  is  very 
rapidly  awakening  to  the  fact  that  dairying 
is  a  necessity.  The  farmer  who  has  pro¬ 


A  PRIZE  BULL  OF  THE  DEVON  BREED.  Fig.  328. 


the  beam  at  1500  to  1600  at  three  years 
old,  and  oxen  that  worked  every  day 
to  weigh  3800  to  4,000  per  pair.  Bulls 
of  the  Devon  breed  often  exceed  2,000 
pounds,  but  most  of  them  range  about 
1700  to  1800.  Cows  of  this  breed  range 
from  1100  to  1600  pounds,  or  an  aver¬ 
age  of  about  1200  pounds. 

As  to  the  dairy  points  of  the  Devon, 
while  they  do  not  give  ns  large  a  flow 
of  milk  as  some  of  the  Holsteins  or 
other  breeds,  their  milk  is  very  rich 
and  of  a  fine  flavor,  making  the  finest 
of  butter.  Devon  herds  are  let  in  Eng¬ 
land  to  dairymen  at  $50  to  $60  a  year 
per  cow,  or  in  English  money  £10  to 
£12  per  cow  a  year.  This  speaks  well 
for  their  dairy  qualities.  The  Devon 
cow  Songstress  2d  12033  gave  37}4 
pounds  of  milk  as  a  two-year-old,  and 
51  pounds  at  six  years  old  per  day. 
Lady  Alice  8130  at  the  Worcester, 
Mass.,  Agricultural  Society  gave  in  De¬ 
cember  347  pounds  of  milk  testing  four 
per  cent  butter  fat,  equivalent  to  16.19 
pounds  butter  for  31  days.  She  gave 
1470.5  pounds  of  milk  containing  58.8 
pounds  of  butter  fat,  or  68.6  pounds  of 
butter  for  the  30  days.  This  cow  gave 
in  one  year  9,038  pounds  of  milk  and 
453  pounds  of  butter  at  the  Seattle  Ex¬ 
position.  In  1909  eight  Devon  cows 
were  tested  by  the  State  Experiment 
Station  which  ran  a  model  dairy  farm 
there  on  the  grounds.  The  lowest  test 
was  4.60  and  the  highest  eight  per  cent 
butter  fat.  The  Devon  cow  Lillian, 
night  milk,  tested  5.80  and  the  morning 
milk  9.20,  making  an  average  of  7.50 
for  the  24  hours,  making  the  equivalent 


duced  grains  for  years  for  the  direct  mone¬ 
tary  returns  realizes  that  his  lands  are 
not  producing  their  former  yields.  His 
income  is  not  what  it  was  a  few  years 
ago.  He  sees  that  soil  fertility  is  a  neces¬ 
sary  element  in  crop  production,  and  that 
the  steady  cropping  of  the  soil  gradually 
but  surely  uses  up  the  virgin  plant  food, 
the  same  as  a  constant  call  on  a  bank  ac¬ 
count  without  replenishing  gradually  lessens 
that  deposit.  He  has  awakened  to  the  fact 
that  he  must  change  to  some  line  of  agri¬ 
culture  that  will  restore  lost  fertility  to 
the  soil  as  well  as  give  him  monetary  re¬ 
turns,  hence  he  has  gone  into  the  produc¬ 
tion  of  milk.  Live  stock  of  any  kind  will 
enrich  agricultural  lands.  No  commercial 
product  can  take  the  place  of  barnyard 
manure  for  the  fertilization  of  soils.  Mich¬ 
igan  cannot  grow  fat  stock  to  advantage 
because  she  cannot  compete  with  the  States 
of  tlie  plains  where  there  are  vast  areas 
of  pasturing  lands.  Michigan  farms  are 
comparatively  small,  and  consequently  do 
not  furnish  the  grazing  area  that  is  neces¬ 
sary. 

It  has  been  proven  that  the  dairy  cow 
will  produce  much  more  economical  returns 
than  beef  animals  when  fed  on  high-priced 
feeds.  The  Michigan  farmer  must  neces¬ 
sarily  purchase  large  amounts  of  high-priced 
concentrates  and  other  feeds,  and  conse¬ 
quently  he  receives  greater  profits  from  a 
dairy  herd  than  ho  would  from  beef  ani¬ 
mals.  For  these  reasons  we  find  large 
numbers  of  Michigan  farmers  changing  to 
dairying  rather  than  to  some  other  line  of 
agriculture.  Not  many  years  back  it  was 
a  very  common  practice  for  the  farmers 
of  Michigan  in  whole  communities  to  man¬ 
ufacture  butter  on  the  farm.  In  those  days 
it  was  not  uncommon  for  dairy  butter  to 
reach  a  price  as  low  as  six  or  eight  cents 
per  pound,  and  the  demand  for  it  was  very 
weak  at  that.  Farmers  became  greatly  dis¬ 
satisfied  with  dairy  conditions,  and  many 
to-day  are  greatly  prejudiced  against  dairy¬ 
ing  for  tliis  reason.  The  dairy  farmer  of 
Michigan  has  the  best  of  markets  at  present. 
Creameries,  cheese  factories,  condcnserieS 


and  the  city  market  arc  vicing  with  each 
other  to  get  his  product.  The  farmer  who 
has  none  of  these  nearby  has  the  privileges 
of  the  low  shipping  rate,  and  can  dispose 
of  his  cream  or  milk  at  a  considerable  dis¬ 
tance  from  his  locality.  All  this  tends  to 
make  sharp  competition,  which  gives  the 
farmer  the  highest  market  price  for  his 
dairy  products.  The  vital  question  which 
the  Michigan  dairyman  must  decide  to-day 
is  not  the  finding  of  a  suitable  market,  but 
which  one  of  the  methods  of  disposal  that 
he  has  open  to  him  he  shall  adopt  to  his 
best  advantage.  lie  is  able  to  sell  his 
whole  milk ;  he  can  dispose  of  his  cream  ; 
or  he  may  manufacture  his  own  butter  on 
the  farm.  In  subsequent  articles  the  ques¬ 
tion  of  dairy  markets  will  be  considered  in 
full.  w.  e.  L. 


Paralysis. 

Five  and  one-half  weeks  ago  one  of  my 
horses  was  left  untied  and  got  her  head 
Into  a  patent  stanchion.  When  it  closed 
on  her  head,  she  pulled  back  until  she 
pulled  the  stanchion  out  by  the  roots.  The 
edges  of  the  stanchion  bruised  the  jaw  near 
where  it  joins  the  upper  jaw.  At  this 
place  the  facial  nerves  come  out,  and  as 
the  nerves  were  injured,  a  paralysis  of 
the  lips  ensued.  She  is  able  to  eat  a  very 
little  grass  or  hay,  dropping  the  rest  ouf 
again,  owing  to  lack  of  control  of  lips.  I 
feed  her  ground  oats  and  molasses  in 
water,  which  she  drinks  altogether.  She 
now  has  a  little  sensation  in  the  upper 
lip,  and  draws  it  up  a  little  from  the 
corners  when  I  pinch  it.  I  do  not  think 
she  could  do  this  at  first,  but  am  not 
sure.  Will  she  be  likely  to  recover  en¬ 
tirely  the  use  of  the  lips,  and  if  so,  how 
soon?  Is  there  any  treatment?  I  saw  a 
veterinary  at  first,  and  followed  his  ad¬ 
vice,  and  applied  mustard  to  the  lips  sev¬ 
eral  times,  but  now  do  nothing,  a.  h. 

New  York. 

Chances  of  x'ecovery  are  slight.  Blister 
the  poll  of  the  head  and  over  the  course 
of  the  nerves,  using  cerate  of  cantharides 
and  repeat  in  a  few  weeks  if  the  first 
blister  proves  beneficial.  Give  fluid  ex¬ 
tract  of  nux  vomica  in  increasing  doses 
twice  daily,  commencing  with  half  a  dram 
at  a  dose.  Continue  until  the  muscles 
twitch  or  the  animal  becomes  very  rest¬ 
less,  at  which  stage  go  back  to  first  dose 
and  repeat.  a.  s.  a. 


MIL,  AM 
:illi«JM 

if 

nr 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOR 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 
GUARANTEED  MONEY-SAVING 


INTERNATIONAL 

SILOS 


strongest  built,  simplest  to  put  up  and  easiest  operated 
on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take-up  hoop- 
continuous  open-rloor  front — air-tight  door  and  per¬ 
manent  ladder  are  some  of  the  unusual  features.  The 

International  Siln  113  Main  St..  Linetrllln. 

licensed  under  Harder  Patent  on  Round  Silos. 


oome  reasons  wny .  uenuine  cypress  roof 
,  and  ventilator.  Patent  doors  that  can  be 
left  at  any  height.  Unobstructed  contin- 
uous  opening  can  be  had  from  top  to  bot- 
I  tom  of  Silo.  Doors  always  open  at  ensilage 
I  level.  Ensilage  can  be  shoved  out  instead 
of  pitching  it  up  2  or  3  feet.  No  refitting 
|  of  doors.  A  few  turns  of  a  nut  and  your 
i  door  is  adjusted.  Fastener  on  door 
L  makes  a  complete  ladder.  Catalogue 
on  request.  Extra  discount  for  early 
UNADILLA  SILO  CO,  ItoxR,  Unadllla,  N.Y. 


orders. 


Two  Excellent  Books. 

Swine  in  America  !?y  F-  P-  Coburn.  Full 

description  of  breeds, 
methods  of  handling,  diseases,  etc.;  600  pages, 
many  illustrations.  Price . $2.50 

Thp  Hnrtp  by  Isaac  P.  Roberts.  In  this 
work  Prof.  Roberts  has  given  a 
concise  history  of  the  various  breeds,  methods 
of  breaking,  feed  and  general  care;  400  pages; 

many  illustrations.  Price . $1.25 

For  Sale  by 

THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER,  409  Pearl  St..  New  York  City 

- - - 

Everyone  knows  that  if  soil 
is  not  fertilized  it  will  soon 
wear  out.  The  barren  con¬ 
dition  of  thousands  of  farms 
in  this  country  proves  this  state¬ 
ment.  A  large  percentage  of  this 
number  could  be  improved  if  ma¬ 
nure  were  spread  judiciously. 

Field  experiments  prove  that 
eight  tons  of  manure  evenly  spread 
are  as  good  as  twice  that  number 
spread  in  a  haphazard  way.  Hand  spreading  requires  at  least  twenty  loads 
to  cover  an  acre.  With  a  manure  spreader,  eight  loads  will  cover  the  same 
amount  of  ground  more  evenly,  but— 

Your  problem  of  soil  fertility  is  only  half  solved  when  you  decide  to  get  a 
manure  spreader.  The  other  half — of  equal  importance — is  in  deciding  just 
which  spreader  is  best  for  you  to  buy. 

If  you  investigate  thoroughly  and  decide  carefully,  you  will  select  a 
spreader  that  thousands  of  other  progressive  farmers  are  having  great 
success  with — one  of  the 


I  H  C  Manure  Spreaders 


The  simple  design  and  unusual  strength  of  all  working  parts  of  I  H  C 
Spreaders  account  for  their  long  life  and  light  draft. 

The  method  of  transmitting  power  from  the  wheels  to  the  beater  is 
simple  and  direct.  There  are  no  unnecessary  parts  to  wear.  The  beater  is 
large  in  diameter  and  the  teeth  are  long,  square,  and  chisel  pointed.  By 
using  this  style  of  tooth,  the  manure  is  thoroughly  pulverized  and  is 

thrown  out  before  it  wedges  against  the  bars.  By  using 
a  square  tooth,  rimming  of  the  bars  is  overcome. 

The  apron  is  supported  by  steel  rollers  and  the  slats 
are  placed  close  together,  so  that  manure  does  not  sift 
down  and  interfere  with  the  movement  of  the  rollers. 
The  steel  wheels  have  ample  strength  to  carry  many 
times  the  weight  they  will  ever  be  called  upon  to  bear. 
The  rims  are  flanged  inwardly  to  prevent  cutting  and 
rutting  of  meadows  and  accumulation  of  trash. 
Z-shaped  lugs  give  the  wheel  a  practically  continuous 
ground-bearing  surface  and  do  not  jar  the  machine  to 
pieces.  There  is  no  reach  to  prevent 
short  turning. 

In  the  I  H  C  line,  you  have  choice  of 
these  three  famous  styles— 

Cloverleaf  Corn  King 
Kemp  20th  Century 

All  are  simple,  strong,  and  durable— all  are  easily  and  in¬ 
stantly  adjustable  to  spread  light  or  heavy,  as  the  soil  re¬ 
quires,  and  all  three  are  made  in  sizes  suitable  to  any  size 
farm.  See  the  IHC  local  dealer — and  get  catalogues  from 
him,  or,  write  direct. 

INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER  COMPANY  OF  AMERICA 

Chicago  (Incorporated)  USA 


I  H  C 

Service  Bureau 

The  Bureau  is  a 
clearing  house  of 
agricultural  data. 
It  aims  to  learn 
the  best  ways  of 
doing  things  on 
the  farm,  and  then 
distribute  the  in¬ 
formation.  Your 
individual  experi¬ 
ence  may  help 
others.  Send  your 
problem  to  the 
IHC  Service  Bu¬ 
reau. 


860 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


August  19, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


I  understand  that  you  are  trying  to  ad¬ 
just  the  claims  against  the  E.  G.  Lewis 
properties.  I  am  one  or  li is  dupes.  I  sent 
my  claims  to  the  Reorganization  Commit¬ 
tee,  and  I  enclose  you  a  receipt  of  the 
People’s  Savings  Trust  Company  for  them. 
This  is  all  that  I  had  to  show  for  the  sav¬ 
ings  from  20  years  of  hard  work.  Please 
do  what  you  can  with  them.  I  paid  cash 
for  seven  per  cent,  notes,  but  1  agreed  to 
exchange  these  for  bank  stock.  1  sent 
them  the  notes,  but  the  stock  was  never 
issued.  I  got  only  Interim  Receipts. 

Pennsylvania.  victim. 

This  is  a  sample  of  the  letters  that 
we  are  receiving  now  with  the  receipts 
for  claims  sent  to  the  so-called  Reor¬ 
ganization  Committee.  These  receipts 
are  all  now  available,  and  Mr.  Hall  is 
in  a  position  to  demand  a  return  of 
the  securities  and  present  them  in 
proper  shape  to  the  receiver  for  a  share 
of  the  proceeds  of  the  property,  and 
all  receipts  of  this  kind  ought  to  be 
turned  in  now  and  the  original  papers 
put  in  the  hands  of  the  receiver.  If 
sent  to  us  these  will  be  presented  with¬ 
out  any  expense  whatever  for  our  ser¬ 
vice.  We  arc  glad  to  help  out  anyone 
who  has  been  so  unfortunate  as  to 
have  parted  with  his  savings  on  the 
Lewis  claims. 

You  will  find  enclosed  a  note  signed  by 
Wayne  W.  Rond,  of  Versailles,  Ind.  This 
was  for  a  buggy  I  sold  him.  lie  paid  $13, 
but  the  balance  I  have  never  been  able  to 
get  settlement  for.  You  see  by  the  note 
title  was  to  remain  in  my  name  until  paid 
for.  lie  traded  the  buggy  off  and  has  now 
moved  away  and  fails  to  pay.  lie  is  now  in 
the  Revenue  Office  in  Indianapolis. 

Indiana.  J.  w.  E. 

This  party  is  now  claiming  that  he 
was  a  minor  when  he  gave  the  note  and 
refuses  to  pay  it.  The  note  is  now  out¬ 
lawed  and  no  claim  can  be  made  against 
him  by  law.  Legally  such  an  account 
cannot  be  enforced  against  a  minor;  but 
who  would  feel  any  pride  in  the  boy 
who  made  such  a  record  ? 

On  March  20,  1911,  I  ordered  from  West- 
field  Poultry  Yards,  Camden,  N.  J.,  200 
White  Wyandotte  baby  chicks,  paying  $30, 
and  with  the  written  understanding  that 
the  birds  were  to  be  delivered  to  me  on  or 
before  April  10  in  good  condition  and  all 
living.  I  did  not  receive  these  birds  until 
April  13,  and  then  only  105,  out  of  which 
number  I  found  72  dead  birds.  The  birds 
were  shipped  in  an  old  wooden  box  and 
packed  so  tight  they  could  not  stand  up. 
Westfield  Poultry  Yards  have  refunded  me 
for  the  birds  they  did  not  send,  but  I  have 
been  unable  to  get  even  an  answer  from 
them  regarding  the  birds  that  came  dead. 
I  claim  that  in  the  first  place  they  did  not 
live  up  to  the  contract  as  they  did  not  de¬ 
liver  on  the  day  specified.  Second,  they  did 
not  ship  me  day-old  birds,  but  birds 
of  several  ages,  some  looking  as  old 
as  six  or  seven  days.  Third,  they  have  not 
refunded  for,  or  replaced  the  birds  that  were 
found  dead.  The  amount  is  small,  hut  it 
is  pretty  hard  to  have  to  pay  such  big 
prices  for  birds  and  then  be  done  out  of 
over  half  of  them.  c.  A.  g. 

New  Jersey. 

We  have  been  unable  to  get  any 
reply  from  this  firm  and  leave  the  whole 
transaction  to  the  judgment  of  our  sub¬ 
scribers.  There  is  great  risk  in  ship¬ 
ping  baby  chicks,  but  when  a  concern 
guarantees  delivery  and  charges  in  pro¬ 
portion  they  are  responsible  for  birds 
lost  in  transit,  and  should  make  them 
good.  To  fail  to  do  so  is  to  fail  in  an 
essential  part  of  the  contract. 

What  can  you  tell  me  about  the  stock  of 
the  New  National  Post  as  an  investment? 
It  was  organized  by  part  of  the  staff  of  the 
Success  Magazine,  with  several  others.  I 
understand  it  is  now  to  he  consolidated 
with  the  Success,  under  the  name  of  Na¬ 
tional  Post  and  Success  Magazine.  The 
company  was  first  capitalized  at  $400,000. 

New  Jersey.  o.  j.  p. 

The  authorized  capital  stock  of  Suc¬ 
cess  was  $1,000,000,  and  later  $400,000 
of  five  per  cent.  10-year  convertible  gold 
debenture  bonds  were  authorized.  Of 
'course  this  meant  notes.  It  was  prom¬ 
ised  that  $100,000  of  the  notes  would  be 
issued  only  for  acquiring  new  property. 
When  they  were  being  sold  it  was  rep¬ 
resented  that  the  money  was  not  needed 
but  to  raise  a  sinking  fund  so  that  if 
any  holder  wanted  to  sell  the  bonds 
would  be  taken  up,  and  to  provide  for 
redeeming  the  notes  when  due.  As  a 
matter  of  fact  the  money  went  into  the 
sink  hole  with  the  rest,  and  six  months 
later  they  failed  with  an  acknowledged 
indebtedness  of  $700,000,  and  default 
was  made  on  the  interest  on  the  bonds. 
Then  the  National  Post  Company  was 
organized  and  the  old  concern  went 
through  the  form  of  selling  its  only 
assets  to  themselves  as  the  National 
Post  Co.  This  left  the  bond  holders 
high  and  dry;  but  the  public  was  in¬ 
vited  to  subscribe  for  the  new  stock. 
Success  Magazine  was  a  going  con¬ 
cern,  but  ate  up  all  the  capital  put  in 
and  the  proceeds  of  the  bonds  besides ; 
and  yet  got  to  a  point  where  it  could 
go  no  further.  How  the  management 
expects  to  finance  it  and  establish  a 
new  paper  is  more  than  successful  pub¬ 
lishers  are  able  to  make  out.  If  the  pub¬ 
lishers  put  their  own  money  into  the 
venture,  it  would  not  be  a  proper  sub¬ 


ject  for  public  discussion,  but  when 
they  invite  inexperienced  country  peo¬ 
ple  to  invest  in  such  a  hazard  it  be¬ 
comes  the  duty  of  experienced  publish¬ 
ers  to  inform  their  subscribers  of  the 
hazard  of  such  a  risk.  We  think  the 
people  are  getting  wise  to  these  stock- 
jobbing  schemes,  and  we  predict  an¬ 
other  reorganization  in  the  near  future. 
Success  had  some  standing  before  its 
publisher  endorsed  the  E.  G.  Lewis 
schemes.  It  is  creditable  to  the  in¬ 
telligence  of  its  one-fnne  subscribers 
that  it  lost  prestige  and  following  after 
that  experience. 

I  sent  $6  to  the  Manufacturers’  Sales 
Information  Association  ;  I  was  to  send  on 
names  of  buyers,  and  they  would  send  the 
names  to  manufacturers.  I  was  to  have  a 
commission  for  this.  1  have  sent  them 
names  and  names,  and  I  have  never  re¬ 
ceived  a  cent  out  of  it,  and  lots  of  times 
1  know  they  did  not  send  out  any  catalogue 
to  the  names  I  sent  them.  I  very  nearly 
sent  them  the  last  cent  I  had  and  now  it 
looks  to  me  like  throwing  $6  away.  I  want 
to  know  if  there  is  any  way  to  get  this 
money  back.  F.  w. 

Kansas. 

The  Manufacturers’  Sales  Informa¬ 
tion  Association  claims  to  save  patrons 
money  by  placing  them  in  direct  com¬ 
munication  with  large  factories,  mail¬ 
order  houses  and  other  clients.  Upon 
payment  of  a  fee  of  $6  for  membership 
the  applicant  is  appointed  as  Informa¬ 
tion  Reporter.  He  is  promised  a  con¬ 
tinuation  of  the  position  until  he  has 
earned  $600,  and  a  guarantee  given.  He 
is  also  assured  that  he  can  make  $50 
per  month,  and  all  he  has  to  do  is  to 
send  in  the  names  of  people  desiring 
machines,  clothing  and  in  fact  almost 
anything  they  wish.  A  commission  is 
paid  on  the  orders  sent  in,  which  is 
supposed  to  net  the  $50  per  month,  be¬ 
cause  of  the  elimination  of  middlemen’s 
and  dealers’  profits.  The  firms  recom¬ 
mended  included  quack  medical  con¬ 
cerns  and  patent  remedies.  After  send¬ 
ing  in  some  100  names  and  receiving 
none  of  the  benefits  promised  and  no 
catalogues  mailed  to  his  customers,  our 
subscriber  wished  to  withdraw  and  have 
his  money  returned,  and  would  willing¬ 
ly  forfeit  his  right  to  any  benefits  due 
him  later.  This  request  was  refused, 
and  as  there  was  no  promise  to  return 
the  money,  could  not  be  enforced.  It  is 
another  case  of  where  the  representa¬ 
tions  have  fallen  far  short  of  the  al¬ 
luring  promises  made  before  the  money 
was  sent.  The  membership  might  on 
this  basis  be  continued  throughout  life 
and  no  benefits  accrue  from  the  in¬ 
vestment.  At  best  it  affords  you  only 
an  opportunity  to  help  fake  your 
neighbors,  and  the  rewards  do  not 
seem  alluring  at  that.  j.  j.  d. 


Keep  the 
Sparrows 

.  out  of  your 

Barn  Door  HANGER 


ft 


Be  rid  of  these  pests  and  end 
your  hanger  troubles  for  all  time 
by  using 

Louden’s 


Barn  Do^  Hangers 

Always  on  the  job — can’t  be  clogged 
in  any  way,  by  bird’s  nests,  trash, 
snow,  sleet  or  ice. 

It’s  th  :  only  DOUBLE  FLEXIBLE  Barn  Door 
Hanger  made — its  track  is  flexibly  hung  to  the  wall 
and  swings  out,  releasing  all  accumulated  trash. 

Made  of  the  best  steel,  absolutely  rust-proof, 
and  will  give  a  life-time  of  perfect  service. 


Modernize  YOUR  barn  with  Louden’s 
Perfect  Barn  Equipments — Louden’s  Junior  Hay 
Carrier  and  Balance  Grapple  Fork:  Louden’s  Feed 
and  Litter  Carriers;  and  Louden’s  Sanitary  Steel 
Stalls  and  Stanchions.  They  are  all  money  makers 
on  every  farm.  See  them  at  your  dealer’s.  If  be 
hasn’t  them  write  direct  to  us. 


Catalog  and  valuable  booklets  sent  Free  if 
you  send  us  your  dealer’s  name.  Write  today. 


CLARK’S 

FARMERS’ 

FAVORITE 


CIDER 

MILLS 


are  simple,  strong,  durable, 
and  easy  to  clean ;  give  perfect 
satisfaction.  Produce  greatest 
results  with  the  least  effort 
from  same  amount  of  fruit 
than  any  others.  Send  today  for 
free  Booklet  with  prices,  etc. 
CUTAWAY  HARROW  CO. 
839  Main  St.,  Higganum,  Conn. 


No  Battery 


WHEN  you  buy  the  old  reliable 
Sta-Rite  Gasoline  Engine,  you 
get  absolute  freedom  from  battery 
troubles  and  expense.  Because 
the  Sta-Rite  has  no  batteries. 

Ignition  is  furnished  by  the  mar¬ 
velous  Sta-Rite  Magneto  which 
is  built  right  into  and  is  mechan¬ 
ically  a  part  of  the  cylinder 

No  batteries  to  be  renewed 
and  no  loose  connections  to 
stop  the  engine. 


AT'HE  Guaranteed 

l  S 


Farm 


Engine 


The  Sta-Rite  Magneto  has  one  wire 
only  and  throws  a  big  fat  spark  abso¬ 
lutely  regardless  of  speed  of  engine.  And 
you'll  get  the  same  kind  of  spark  in  five 
years  that  you  do  the  first  day  Aii  the 
Sta-Rite  Engines  (except  the  l'A  and  3'A 
horse  power  sizes)  are  now  equipped  with 
the  Sta-Rite  Magneto  ignition  and  yet 
prices  remain  the  tame.  Pull  particulars 
6ent  for  the  asking  if  you  mention  this  paper- 


Sta.-Rite  is  un¬ 
questionably  the  simplest  J 
and  strongest  farm  engine  in^ 

America  Neat  in  design  and  strictly  hlgh*’^^'  grade  tnm- 
out  Always  runs  smoothly  Carries  its  load  without  a  murmur 

Fully  Guaranteed.  Stays  Right,  Year  After  Year 
Because  it  is  Made  Right 

-because  we  positively  will  not  build 
a  cheap  “bargain”  engine 
l.  ,our  dealer  cannot  supply  you. 
write  for  illustrated  folder  show¬ 
ing  the  complete  Sta-Rite  Line. 


Sta-Rite 
Engine  Co. 

La  Crosse,  Wis. 


Arrow  points  to 
Sta-Rite  Magneto 


Beats  Them  All 
For  SERVICE 

Here's  the  engine  that  will  make  the  most 
money  for  you,  because  It  does  more  work, 
costs  less  to  run,  and  costs  less  for  repairs 
than  any  other  outfit  you  could  buy.  Let 
us  prove  it  to  you  before  you  decide  on 
any  engine.  Write  at  once  for  tbo 

LEFFEL  Steam 

Knglne  Pool;— Free.  Tells  just  what 
you  want  to  know  about  power 
outfits  of  every  kind.  Don’t  mako 
a  mistake  in  buyingan  englne.Buy 
right  thejlrtt  tlmo.  Writ,  for  our  free  boob 
now .  Adtlross 

JAMES  r.KFFEL 
Si  COMPANY 
Box  2C1 
Springfield,  O. 


BOOK 

FREE 


Make  V Your  Old 


Wagon  New 

Just  as  strong  and  as  good,  as  ever 
and  more  ixmvenient.  W rite  us  and 
let  us  show  you  how  cheaply  wo 
can  fit  your  old  running  gear  With 
our  superb 

Electric 
Steel 
Wheels 

which  put  an  end  to  all  break-downs. 
No  shrinking  or  drying  apart  or  tiro 
■etting.  Makes  your  wagon  a  real  handy  wagon.  Our 
4S  page  book  shows  you  why  no  other  wagon  wheels  in 
the  world  equal  the  famous  Electric  Steel  Wheels. 
Reading  it  will  Save  you  time,  money  and  hors©  flesh. 
It’s  free.  Write  for  it  to-day  to 

ELECTRIC  WHEEL  CO.,  Box  48,  Quincy,  lit 


STEEL  WHEELS 


(Low-Dotvn) 

to  fit  your  farm'wagon, 

is  the  combination  that  makes 
you  look  and  feel  like  an  Up- 
To-Date  farmer.  You  can  do 
more  work  without  being  so  tired, 
and  you  can  do  so  much  of  your 
work  alone  with  the  Low-Down 
Steel  Wheels.  Ask  for  free 
Catalogufe  of  Instructions. 

Havana  Metal  Wheel  Co. 
Box  17  Havana,  Ill. 


NO  BETTER  ROOFING  MADE 
AT  DOUBLE  OUR  PRICE 

1  Ply,  $1.20  Per  lOO  Sq-  Ft. 

2  1.50 . *  * 

3  “  1.80  “  “  “  “ 

Send  For  Samples  and  Our  Complete 
Mail  Order  Catalog  — Free  On  Request 
MANUFACTURERS  DISTRIBUTING  CO. 
Pittsburgh’s  Mail  Order  House 
Dept.  H.  Pittsburgh  Pa. 


THE  CONNECTICUT 
AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE 

Four-year  Course  in  Agriculture  for  grad¬ 
uates  of  high  schools.  Degree  of  B.  8. 

Four-year  Course  in  Agriculture  fortliose 
who  have  completed  two  years  of  high 
school  work.  Diploma  on  graduation. 

Two-year  School  of  Agriculture  open  to 
those  who  have  had  a  common  school 
education. 

Two-year  School  of  Mechanic  Arts  open 
to  those  who  have  completed  two  years  of 
high  school  work. 

Two-year  School  of  Home  Economies 

open  to  those  who  have  had  a  common 
school  education 

.  .  .  Send  for  Catalog  .  .  . 

CHARLES  L.  BEACH,  President,  Box  A,  Storrs,  Conn. 


White  Leghorns' 


Yearling  Hens,  Cock 
erels,  Indian  Run 
ner  Drakes.  Write 


CLIFFORD  SCHKYVElt  -  Omar,  N.  Y 


not  only  save  their  cost  every  year 
but  may  be  bought  on  such  liberal 
terms  as  to  literally  pay  for  them¬ 
selves.  Why  should  you  delay 
the  purchase  of  the  best  separator 
under  such  circumstances  ? 

THE  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  CO. 


165-107  BROADWAY,  29  E.  MADISON  ST. 

NEW  YORK.  *  CHICAGO. 


S.  C.  White  Leghorn  PULLETS 

Free  Grass  Range  Stock 
which  must  be  seen  to  he 
appreciated.  Inspection  invited.  Let  us 
know  your  wants.  Special  prices  during 
August.  Don’t  delay.  Descriptive  booklet, 
’’FACTS  FROM  AFTON  FARM” 

Free  on  request. 

Afton  Farm,  Box  D-l,  Yardley,  Pa. 


Farmers  and  Poultrymen. 

You  must  not  blame  us  if  occasionally  our  en¬ 
thusiasm  bubbles  over  when  speaking  of  our  cus¬ 
tom  batching  department  as  carried  on  by  our 
experts  in  our  mammoth  hot  water  incubator. 
Rosults  are  showing  people  all  over  the  country 
that  we  know  our  business  by  saving  them  time, 
worry  and  money,  and  giving  thorn  strongor  chicks 
than  the  old  hen  or  kerosene  oil  fume  incubators 
ever  did.  You  send  us  the  eggs— we’ll  do  the  rest- 
do  it  right  and  semi  you  the  chicks.  Write  for  in¬ 
formation  and  prices,  anyway. 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM,  Millerlon,  N.  Y. 


FfiR  QAI  C — BOOR.  C.White  Leghorns,  one  year  old. 
I  Ull  OHLL  ]oo  two  year  old.  Write  your  wants 
and  for  prices.  W.  D.  CADY,  Weedsport,  N.  Y. 


SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  and  Cock¬ 
erels;  any  quantity  at  attractive  prices;  brod-to-lny 
kind.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Fleminoton,  N.  J 


Will  Spll — f°r$2.00for  hens  and  $2.00  to $">.00 
iiiii  ©cii  for  one-year-old  cockerels — our 
surplus  breedingstock  of  Partridge  Cochins.  Haired 
Hocks,  White  Hocks,  Partridge  Wyandottes. 

MINCH  15KOS.  .  R-2  .  Uridgeton,  N.  J. 


Buff,  Wh.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  S.  C.  K.I.  Red. 
Eggs,  SiOc.  per  15,  $1.50  per  30.  $2.75  per  60,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Qiiakerlown,  Pa. 


THE  FARMER’S  FOWL— Hose  Comb  P.eds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Houte  1,  Hichland,  2s1.  Y. 


Hunn  Lake  Poultry  Farm 

WhiteWyandotte  Chicks,  $12  per  100.  Hggs.fopor  100. 


zu  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Izirgo  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 


Pfl  II I  TR  YM  F  M— Don't  fail  to  secure  Stock  and 
rUULI  II  I  IllLll  Kggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 
HAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS.  Marietta,  Pa. 


BABY  CHICKS,  8Jc.  S  JCSSot 

C.  White  Leghorns  in  any  quantity.  Safe  arrival 
guaranteed,  Circulars  free.  CHAS.  R.  STONE,  Baby 
Chicken  Farm,  Staatshuro-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 


Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  May  return  at  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  Sontholil,  Suffolk  Co.,  N.  Y. 


5000 


Singlo-Combed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 
Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 
right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullots,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  best  selections.  Largest  success¬ 
ful  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM,  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 


Young’s  Strain  TV.  L.  Cockerels— Order  for 
A  future  delivery,  Birds  that  will  win  anywhere. 
T.  A.  CLARK,  ”  Woodcrest,”  Rifton,  N,  Yr. 


HANDY  BINDER 


lUST  the  thing  for  preserving  files  of 
"  Tiie  Rural  New-Yorker.  Durable 
and  cheap.  Sent  postpaid  for  25  cents. 

‘The  RURAL  NEW-YORKER, 

409  Pearl  Street,  New  York  City 


1!)  1  1. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


861 


Crops  and  Markets 

Wholesale  Prices  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  August  11,  1911. 


BUTTER 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 

Good  to  Choice . 

Lower  Grades  .  ; 

Stale  Dairy,  best . 

Common  to  Gjod . 

Factory . 

Parkin"  Stock. . . 


.20 

.22 

.18 

.21 

.16 

.14 

.10 


a 

a 

a 

® 

@ 

® 

® 


Elgin,  111.,  butter  market  firm  at  20  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery.  27  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  27  cents 


.27 
>25 
.21 
.25 
.23 
.20 
IS  14 


CHE  ICS  K 

Full  Cream,  best,  new . 11  c it  ,12-y 

Common  to  Good . 09  ®  .iq 

Skims . ■ . Do  ®  .10 

EGGS 

White,  good  to  choice . 20  ®  .30 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 24  ®  .25 

Common  to  Good . 15  a  .18 

West  rn,  best . 20  a  .23 

Under  grades . 12  a  .18 

Checks  and  dirties . 11  ®  .15 


BEANS 


Marrow,  100  lbs . 

M ediuin . 

...  3.25 

® 

® 

a 

W 

® 

® 

a 

a 

a 

a 

a 

® 

'  3.90 
3.90 
4.10 
3.55 
6.20 
5.15 
6.65 

.35 

.33 

.36 

2.00 

2.50 

Yellow  Eye . 

lied  KMney .  . 

White  Kidney . 

Lima,  California . 

HOPS 

Prime  to  Choice . 

Common  to  Good . 

Pacific  Coast . 

FRESH  FRUITS 
Apples.  Astrachan,  bbl . 

.  .  4.15 
.  .  6.60 

. . .  .34 
...  .32 

...  .32 

...  1.25 

Sweet  Rough,  bbl . 

® 

1 .75 

Gravenstein . 

...  1.50 

a 

2  50 

Ductless . 

...  1.60 

(a. 

2.25 

Nyack .  . 

...  1.25 

® 

2.00 

Windfalls,  bbl . 

...  .75 

a 

1.00 

Various.  J-B-bbl.  bkt . 

. . .  .25 

@ 

i.oo 

Crabapples,  bbl . 

. ..  4H0 

a 

7.00 

to' 

2.50 

Flemish  Beauty,  bbl... 

...  1.75 

to 

2.50 

Bartlett,  14-bbl . . 

, 1.0J 

® 

1.75 

Clapp’s . 

...  3.00 

a 

4.50 

Peaches,  Ga>,  carrier . 

...  1...0 

to 

3.00 

Missouri,  carrier . 

. ..  3.00 

® 

3.75 

Oklahoma,  carrier . . 

...  1.75 

® 

3.25 

Del.  and  Md.,  carrier  . . 

...  1.50 

<" 

2.50 

Del.  and  Md.,  bkt . 

. . .  .60 

® 

1.25 

Jersey,  crate . 

. . .  12* 

Cl 

2.50 

Jersey,  bkt . 

® 

1.25 

a 

1.00 

Muskmelons,  Southern,  crate . 

..  .40 

a 

.90 

Maryland,  crate . 

, . .  .TTi 

« 

1.75 

Jersey,  bkt . . 

. . .  .."0 

a 

1 .00 

Arizona,  crate . 

...  .50 

1.00 

California,  crate . 

...  .75 

® 

1.25 

Watermelons.  Southern,  100 . 

...10.00 

rcb‘l 

15.00 

Hut-kl -berries  quart . 

..  .07 

fa 

.13 

Blackberries,  qt . 

Raspberries,  red,  pint.  . 

..  .10 

® 

.16 

..  .05 

(" 

.08 

Plums,  8-lb.  bkt . 

..  .10 

O' 

.20 

Grapes,  Moore's  Early.  18-lb.  case 

...  .70 

® 

.90 

Champion . 

. .  .50 

0, 

Maryland,  Carrier . 

.75 

to 

1.50 

V  EG ETA  BLKS 

Potatoes,  Jersey,  bbl . . 

..  2.50 

® 

3.00 

Souther-l,  No.  1,  bbl . 

..  2.25 

( 0 

2.50 

Southern.  No.  2,  bbl . 

a 

2.00 

Long  Island,  bbl . 

a 

3.00 

Sweet  Potatoes,  bid . 

® 

4.00 

Beets,  new,  100  bunches . 

..  1.(0 

® 

1 .50 

Carrots,  new.  bbl . 

1.50 

Cabbage,  Long  Island,  bbl . 

. .  .75 

@ 

1.25 

Sweet  Corn,  choice.  100 . 

..  1.25 

@ 

1 .50 

common  to  Good . 

® 

1.00 

Cucumbers,  bu . 

. .  .2U 

.30 

Celery,  Jersey,  bunch . 

..  .10 

® 

.40 

Lettuce,  14-bbl.  bkt . 

..  .10 

a 

.30 

Chicory  and  Escarol,  bbl . 

..  .25 

@ 

.75 

Peppers,  Jersev.  bbl . 

to 

1.25 

Horseradish,  100  lbs . 

® 

6.00 

Okra.  Jersey.  Q-bu . 

a 

.40 

Onions.  Long  Island,  bbl . 

® 

8.00 

Orange  Co.,  bag . 

..  1.25 

a 

2.00 

Jersey,  bu . 

. .  .75 

O' . 

1.50 

Peas.  State,  bu . 

. .  .75 

® 

1.75 

Radishes.  1110  bundle, . 

.75 

® 

1.25 

String  Beans,  bu . 

..  .15 

a 

.40 

Lima  Beans,  potato,  bu . 


1.50  @  2. U0 


Flat  kinds . 

.  .50 

a 

1.00 

Spinach,  bbl . 

to) 

I  .(10 

oquasn.  Marrow,  bbl . 

.  .75 

'a 

1.00 

Crook  Neck,  bbl . 

.  .60 

to 

.75 

Turnips,  Rutabaga,  bbl . 

.  .75 

a 

.90 

W  lute,  bid . 

® 

1.26 

Egg  Plants,  Norfolk,  bbl . 

.  .50 

to 

.76 

Jersey,  bu . 

.  .25 

® 

.30 

Tomatoes,  Del.  and  Md.  crate . 

.  .25 

® 

.40 

Jersey  Acme,  bu . 

.  .40 

to 

.75 

Jersey  Stone,  bu . 

@ 

.40 

Common,  bu . 

.  .20 

to 

.25 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Chickens,  Broilers,  lb . 

.  .15 

® 

.16 

Fowls  . 

.  .1814® 

.14 

Roosters . 

.  .08 

a 

.0814 

Ducks . . 

,  .12 

.13 

Geese . 

.  .09 

'(/ 

.10 

Turkovs . 

.  .12 

® 

.13 

DRESSED  POULTRY— Fresh 

Killed 

Turkeys,  best . 

,  .14 

® 

15 

(  ommOn  to  Good . 

(<o 

.13 

Chickens,  fancy  broilers,  lb . 

.  22 

@ 

24 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 

,  .18 

® 

.20 

Fowls . 

13 

a 

.16 

Spring  Ducks,  lb  .  . 13  @  .10 


Squabs,  do/, .  1.00 

DRESSED  POULTRY-  Frozen 


®  3.50 


Turkeys,  best . . .' . 22  ®  .23 

Chickens,  milk  fed  roasters . 18  ra t  .20 

Corn-fed  roasters . 16  ®  .18 

Fowls .  11  ®  .16 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Hay.  No.  1,  ton . 27.00  ®  28.00 

No.  2 . 22.00  ®  20.00 

No.  3 . 17.00  ®  19. U0 

Clover  Mixed . 16.00  ®  22  00 

('lover . ..15.00  @  18.00 

Straw,  Rye . 1O.00  ®  13.00 

Oat  and  Wheat .  8.00  &  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs .  4.50  ®  0.85 

Bulls . 2.50  ®  5.25 

Cows .  1.60  @4.50 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 0.00  ®  9.50 

Culls  . 4.00  ®  5.50 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 2.50  ®  4.25 

Lambs . 4.50  ®  7.75 

Hogs .  0.70  @  0.80 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.16  ®  .. 

No.  2,  Red . 96  ®  .. 

No.  1  Macaroni .  1.08  ®  .. 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 08  ®  .72 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 46  @  .48 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 85  ®  .87 

MILL  FEED — Car  Lots 

Spring  Bran,  ton .  25.50  ®  20.50 

Standard  Middlings .  27.00  @  31.10 

Bed  Dog .  30.00  ®  32.00 

Hominy  Chop .  24.50  ®  25.70 

Linseed  Meal . .  35.00  @  35.50 

Corn  Meal .  27.00  ®  28.00 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  12.40 

Middling  Gulf .  12.05 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  11.50 

Good  Middling .  12.45 

WOOL 

NewYork  Fleeces,  Fine,  unwashed .  .19  ®  .21 

Obi  i  half  blood  combing . 25  ®  .20 

Kentucky,  three  eighths  blood . 25  ®  .20 

Michigan  half  blood . 26  ®  .2514 


TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadieaf-tlller . 

Fine  wrappers  . 

N.  Y.  State  Fillers . 

Fine  and  Selections . 

Ohio  Zimmer's  Spanish . 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 

Dark  Leaf . . . 

Bright  Cutters . 

Penn,  broad  leaf  Oilers . 

CHICAGO 

Butter,  creamery  . . 

Eggs,  good  to  prime  Orsts . 

Live  Turkeys . 

Fowls . 

Chickens . 

Potatoes,  new,  bbl . 

Blackberries,  quart . 

Sheep,  100  lbs  . 

Lambs,  100  lbs . 

Hogs . 

BUFFALO 

Butter,  creamery . 

Eggs,  State . 

Live  chickens . 

Fowls . 

Potatoes,  new.  bbi . 

Calves,  live.  100  lbs . 

Sheep.  100  lbs . 

Lambs,  100  lbs . 

Hogs . 

Wheat,  No.  2.  Red . 

Corn . 

Oats . 


.08 

® 

.10 

.60 

® 

75 

O' 

.06 

.12 

® 

.16 

.19 

a 

.20 

.0714a 

.0914 

.10 

® 

.20 

.12 

® 

.30 

.10 

@ 

.12 

.  .21 

a 

.23 

.  .14 

a 

.17 

a 

.12 

a 

12 

■1414 

a 

4.00 

.  .05 

a 

.08 

.2.50 

toi 

3.75 

,3.75 

a 

(5.75 

.7.20 

a 

7.80 

.26 

a 

.27 

a 

.22 

a 

.20 

a 

.15 

a 

3.75 

a 

9.00 

a 

3.75 

a 

6.85 

a 

8.05 

-  •  ... 

® 

.98 

a 

.70 

a 

.42 

Black  rust  is  doing  considerable  damage 
to  wheat  in  the  Canadian  Northwest. 

Orange  and  lemon  shipments  from  Cali¬ 
fornia  this  season  will  total  about  47,000 
cars. 


Cotton  boll  worm  has  appeared  in  the 
Puujaub  district  of  India  and  threatens 
great  damage. 

The  fruit  crop  of  Colorado  this  year  will 
be  about  half  of  a  normal  yield.  ‘  Quality 
is  reported  good. 

T^iie  Annapolis  Valley,  Nova  Scotia,  will 
have  the  largest  crop  of  apples  ever  grown 
there,  about  1,000,000  barrels. 

Peaches  in  Connecticut  will  be  a  very 
heavy  crop.  In  the  Glastonbury  section 
the  outlook  is  for  300  cars.  The  Hale 
orchards  will  yield  about  200  cars. 

Aroostook  County,  Maine,  potato  grow¬ 
ers  have  formed  an  association  for  better 
marketing  of  their  crops.  The  president  is 
H.  E.  I  tittle,  of  Caribou,  and  secretary  Guv 
Porter,  of  Iloulton. 


Kansas  Grain. — Secretary  Coburn’s  re¬ 
port  gives  the  Kansas  wheat  as  51.365,000 
bushels,  the  smallest  yield  since  1S91).  The 
eorn  acreage  is  about  7.681,330,  or  15  per 
cent  less  than  last  year.  The  outlook  is 
lor  i*4.3  per  cent  of  an  average  yield. 

We  are  having  very  warm  and  dry 
weather.  Are  in  the  midst  of  oat  harvest. 
I  asture  is  poor.  Prospects  for  corn  good. 
1  otatoes  very  poor.  Some  farmers  wili 
have  timothy  and  clover  seed  to  sell. 
Wheat  05,  corn  60,  oats  45,  butter  16,  eggs 
16,  chickens,  old.  12;  young  14.  Roads  in 
good  order.  Streams  low.  u  n  s 

Snyder  Co.,  Pa. 


Roy,  X.  Y.,.  is  a  center  for  bean 
growing.  This  year  prospects  are  not  good, 
llie  crop  was  late  in  coming  up  on  «c- 
count  of  the  dry  weather  and  the  growth 
lins  boon  slow,  kvoii  iti  Holds  wile  re  there 
seems  to  be  a  fair  growth  of  vines  there 
are  very  few  pods.  Since  the  heavy  wind¬ 
storm  ten  days  ago  a  blight  seems  to  have 
struck  the  vines,  and  many  of  the  leaves 
have  turned  brown  ana  died.  The  early 
potato  crop  was  close  to  a  failure 


winds  in  Western  Now  York  have 
done  great  damage  in  blowing  apples  from 
the  trees.  At  Medina  the  loss  was  heavy. 
Clark  Allis  estimates  his  loss  at  1,000  bar¬ 
rels.  At  Middleport  the  report  is  that  ex¬ 
amination  of  a  number  of  apple,  peach  and 
plum  orchards  reveals  the  fact  that  tin- 
loss  of  fruit  from  tile  big  wiud  will  be 
more  than  offset  by  an  increase  in  size  and 
quality  of  the  fruit  remaining  on  the 
tiees.  1  he  windstorm  did  not  do  as  much 
damage  as  at  first  reported. 

The  West  Virginia  Horticultural  Society 
lias  organized  county  associations  to  help 
apple  growers  and  buyers  to  get  together, 
ibe  following  table  gives  tin-  county  secre- 
tanes  with  estimated  quantity  of'  apples 
available  lor  buyers  :  1 1 

Secretary,  Address.  Barrels. 

C.  W.  Ilaines,  Romney,  W.  Vo....  5,000 

Nat  T.  Frame,  Martinsburg.  IV.  Va.  150.000 
Milton  Burr,  Charlestown  W.  V...  50  000 
R-  L-  Hutchinson,  Pt.  Pleasant, 

> '  •  '  a .  5  ooo 

T.  T.  Huffman.  Keyser,  W.  Va .  3M00 

E.  J.  Loy,  Moorefield,  W.  Va .  2  000 


Things  in  nature  never  seemed  to  look 
much  better  with  us  than  just  at  present. 
(  rops  have  been  good,  and  what  are  in  the 
ground  promise  very  fair.  Hay  was  light, 
and  yet  there  was  quite  a  lot  of  it.  Wheat 
better  than  our  average,  and  oats  good 
Corn  well  along  and  fine.  All  fruit  crops 
splendid,  but  the  demand  lias  taken  every¬ 
thing  as  fast  as  it  was  put  on  the  market 
at  very  good  prices;  even  now  early  apples 
are  peddled  at  $1  per  bushel.  Winter  apple 
trees  loaded  and  promise  well.  Very  few 
orchards  cared  for  at  all,  and  there  will  be 
lots  of  inferior  fruit,  but  still  there  will 
be  a  big  yield.  All  tree  fruits  have  made 
good  tins  year.  Weeds  also  doing  well  as 
could  be  expected.  r  c  a 

Branch  Co.,  Mich. 


Our  May  drought  was  followed  by  good 
rams  in  dune  and  early  July,  though'  the 
last  half  of  July  was  short  on  moisture,  but 
now,  early  in  August,  we  have  had  several 
showers  and  promise  of  more.  These  rains 
have  been  local  in  character,  and  some 
sections  of  southern  Ohio  are  in  a  serious 
condition.  Wheat  and  oat  thrashing  fin¬ 
ished,  and  the  yields  are  one-half  to  two- 
thirds  of  the  normal.  Ilay  about  half  a 
crop  and  all  put  up  In  good  condition. 
<  orn  is  doing  well,  and  shows  but  little 
effect  of  lack  of  moisture  10  days  ago 
when  we  had  such  hot,  dry  weather.  Plen¬ 
ty  fruit  here,  but  undersized  and  of 
inferior  quality,  due  to  heat  and  drought. 
Timothy  seed  only  moderate  yield,  and  sell¬ 
ing  for  $5  to  .$6  per  bushel.  Orchard  grass 
lair  yield,  worth  $1.25  per  bushel.  Clover 
seed  will  probably  be  nearly  a  failure. 
Early  potatoes  nearly  total  failure,  and 
late  but  little  better.  Most  garden  crops 
doing  well  where  properly  cultivated,  but 
all  vegetables  are  scarce  and  high-priced. 
Pastures  are  short,  but  in  fair  shape,  though 
in  nearby  sections  owners  are  sacrificing 
stock  because  of  dried-up  pastures,  short 
hay  crop  and  poor  prospects  for  corn. 

Hillsboro,  Ohio.  w.  e.  d. 


Ohio  Crops. — The  following  report,  show¬ 
ing  percentage  prospect  of  crops  named,  is 
based  upon  reports  received  from  the  regu¬ 
lar  crop  correspondents  of  the  Ohio  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture  : 

Wheat — Prospect  compared  with  nor¬ 
mal  yield  . 90  per  cent 

Wheat — Average  date  of  harvest.  .  .  .June  28 
Oats — Prospect  compared  with  nor-- 

mal  yield  . 79  per  cent 

Oats — Average  date  of  harvest . luly  18 

Barley — Average  date  of  harvest . luly  3 

Rye — Average  date  of  harvest . July  1 

Clover — Area  sowu  in  1910  cut  for 

bay . 68  per  cent 

Clover — Hay,  product  per  acre.  ..  .0.97  tons 
Clover — Quality  compared  with  an 

average  . 91  per  cent 

Timothy — Prospect  compared  witli 

normal  yield  . 60  per  cent 

Potatoes  Prospect  compared  with 

normal  yield . 48  per  cent 

Tobacco—  Condition  compared  with 

an  average . 68  per  cent 

Pastures — Condition  compared  with 

an  average . 65  per  cent 

Apples — Prospect  compared  with  nor¬ 
mal  yield . 84  per  cent 

Peaches- — Prospect  compared  with 

normal  yield  . 63  per  cent 

Pears — Prospect  compared  with  nor¬ 
mal  yield  . 77  per  cent 

Grapes  Prospect  compared  with  nor¬ 
mal  yield . 97  percent 

Berries  Product  compared  with  last 

year . 91  per  cent 

Foreign  Crops.— The  Government  re¬ 
port  gives  the  wheat  acreage  in  Canada  as 
10,503,400  and  Argentina  15.500,000.  In 
Great  Britain  percentages  run  as  follows: 
Wheat,  101  ;  barley,  97 ;  oats,  94;  beans, 
99;  peas,  99;  potatoes,  102;  hops,  98. 

Tobacco  Outlook. — The  special  Govern¬ 
ment  agent  gives  the  following  estimate: 
Acreage,  894,100;  percentage,  78.4.  To¬ 
bacco  is  grown  commercially  in  25  States, 
Kentucky,  North  Carolina  and  Virginia  far 
exceeding  all  others  in  acreage.  Other- 
States  having  more  than  14,000  and  less 
than  75.000  acres  are  Ohio,  Tennessee, 
Wisconsin,  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  In¬ 
diana,  South  Carolina  and  Connecticut. 

World  Crops. — The  International  Insti¬ 
tute  of  Agriculture  gives  the  following  esti¬ 
mates  of  crops  in  late  July:  Wheat,  in  100 
pounds,  432,364,074;  barley,  62,112,260; 
rye,  33,876,099  :  oats,  45,010,590.  In  wheat 
acreage  tin-  United  States  stands  first,  fol¬ 
lowed  closely  by  British  India.  Of  Euro¬ 
pean  countries,  Italy  leads  with  about  11,- 
700,000  acres,  and  other  large  producers  in 
order  are  Spain,  Hungary  and  Roumania. 


Coining  Farmers’  Meetings. 

N.  Y.  Evaporated  Fruit  Growers’  Asso¬ 
ciation,  Rochester,  August  17. 

Peninsula  Horticultural  Society,  Berlin, 
Md.,  August  24. 

N.  Y.  State  Fair,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  Sep¬ 
tember  11-16. 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  August  19,  1911. 

FARM  TOPICS. 

Preparing  Soil  for  Grass  Seeding _  834 

“The  Land  of  Heart’s  Delight.”  Part 

IV .  834 

A  New  System  of  Irrigation. . .  ......  834 

A  Date-Sown  Hay  Crop .  8,34 

More  Experience  With  Vetch . 835 

A  Good  Watering  Trough .  835 

An  Actor’s  Farm  Storv .  835 

White  Grubs  and  Alfalfa .  836 

Knife  for  Thinning  Gorn .  837 

What  Ailed  the  Vetch. . ’  837 

Patching  Up  a  Poor  Meadow .  838 

Detroying  Poison  Ivy .  838 

"°°d  Ashes  and  Manure .  838 

Hope  Farm  Notes .  840 

-Diary  of  Farm  Work . .  !!!  843 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

Silage  in  Milk  Production .  844 

A  Milk  Inspector .  846 

Heifer  With  Defective  Udder ...  ’!! !  846 

Hogs  on  a  Large  Scale .  847 

Mangel  Wurzels  for  Hogs .  847 

Feeding  Molasses  .  '  '  847 

l-’oul  in  Foot .  847 

Ascites  .  847 

Dry  Mash  for  Growing  Chicks . !  848 

A  Case  of  Lhnberneek . '  848 

Express  Company  and  Baby  Chicks.!.  848 
Crossing  Brahma  and  White  Rock....  848 

•1‘usley”  as  Hen  Food .  848 

Devon  Cattle  as  Dual  Breed...  .  ,849 

Dairying  in  Michigan . 849 

HORTICULTURE. 

Experience  in  School  Gardening .  835 

I  crtilizers  for  the  Stawberry .  836 

Hidebound  Tree  .  836 

Chemicals  for  Weed  Killing .  838 

Setting  Strawberries .  838 

Lime-Sulphur  for  Blister  Mite.!!!!!!!  838 

<  1  ra d  i  ug  Nu  rse  ry  Trees .  839 

An  Indiana  Fruit  Farm .  839 

Propagating  Double  Crabs . !.'  841 

Starting  California  Privet  Plants.  .  .  .  841 

fertilizing  Imperfect  Strawberries 

\  arieties  . .  §44 

Sediment  in  Gravity  Spraying .  841 

llie  Lucile  Grape .  841 

The  Wayne  Co:,  N.  Y.  Fruit  Growers..  843 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day .  844 

Chunk  Pickle  . 844 

Canned  Beets  and  Tomatoes ;  Pre¬ 
served  Tomatoes;  Eggless  Cake _  845 

I  he  Rural  Patterns .  845 

Preparing  Kohl-rabi  . 845 

Boiled  Radishes  .  845 

Dill  Pickles  .  '  ■ '  845 

Tomato  Dip  . j  ”  845 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Questions  About  Lightning  Rods.. 833,  834 

1  reosote  in  Chimney .  836 

Farm  Water  Supply . 836 

Ill-Smelling  Cistern  .  838 

A  Mexican  Patriot . !  839 


Ohio  State  Horticultural  Society,  Torch 
Hill,  September  19. 

New  England  Fruit  Show,  Boston,  Mass., 
October  23-28. 

National  Dairy  Show,  Chicago,  III.,  Octo¬ 
ber  26-November  4. 

National  Creamery  Butter  Makers’  Asso¬ 
ciation,  Chicago,  November  1-3. 

Massachusetts’  Corn  Show,  Springfield, 
Mass.,  November  11-18. 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE. 

A  new  railroad  yard  covering  790  acres 
has  just  been  put  iu  operation  by  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  at  Northumberland, 
Pa.,  at  a  cost  of  $4,000,090.  This  will 
store  5,500  cars,  and  is  so  arranged  that 
gravity  and  electricity  will  do  the  handling. 

Those  who  send  windfall  apples  to  New 
York  shall  be  careful  not  to  mix  in  rotten 
or  specked  fruit,  as  this  renders  the  pack¬ 
age  liable  to  confiscation  by  the  Board  of 
Health.  "Windfall”  apples  are  those  that 
have  just  dropped,  that  is  within  a  day 
or  two,  not  those-  that  have  lain  on  the 
ground  for  a  week.  Many  of  the  latter 
will  be  partly  rotten. 

Florida  orange  growers  are  somewhat 
troubled  over  the  recent  ruling  of  the  Gov¬ 
ernment  food  authorities  that  forced  ripen¬ 
ing  of  oranges  will  not  be  permitted.  Here¬ 
tofore  a  part  of  the  fruit  has  been  picked 
green  and  the  ripening  hurried  by  placing 
in  tight  cars  or  other  storage.  Oranges 
ripened  thus  will  now  be  considered  "adul¬ 
terate,”  and  unsalable.  This  will  make 
new  oranges  a  little  later  but  will  help  to 
keep  some  very  unsatisfactory  fruit  off  the 
market. 

Selling  Old  Papers. — Can  you  toll  me 
of  a  reliable  company  .that  purchases  old 
newspapers,  catalogues,  etc.?  g.  g. 

Maine. 

There  are  some  concerns  that  extract  the 
ink  from  such  paper  and  work  it  over 
again,  but  they  usually  get  ample  sup¬ 
plies  of  such  stock  nearby,  and  shipment 
for  any  long  distance  would  uot  pay.  As , 
a  rule  the  only  way  to  dispose  of  this 
stuff  is  through  junk  men,  who  gather  and 
sort  it,  and  after  baling  sell  it  to  paper 
mills. 

IIay  Handling. — The  New  York  Central 
Railroad  has  issued  a  new  scale  of  storage 
rates  that  will  make  hay  handling  iu  New 
York  City  more  expensive.  For  25  years 
it  was  the  practice  to  store  hay  free  for 
the  first  three  days  and  after  that  charge 
$1  per  car  for  storage.  The  new  rule  will 
be  free  storage  for  the  first  three  days,  $1 
per  day  for  the  next  two  days,  and  $3  per 
day  after  that.  Instead  of  free  lighterage 
a  charge  of  $5  per  car  is  to  be  made.  The 
hay  dealers  are  appealing  to  the  Interstate 
Commerce  Commission  to  annul  or  modify 
this  new  scale. 

Guinea  Eggs. — What  are  guinea  eggs 
worth  in  New  York?  g.  s. 

Massachusetts. 

Not  enough  are  received  to  establish  a 
distinct  price.  They  usually  sell  about  on 
the  basis  of  hens’  eggs,  or  a  trifle  under. 
But  by  far  the  most  profitable  plan  is  to 
hatch  the  eggs  and  sell  the  birds  when  of 
broiler  size.  When  well  grown  they  will 
bring  from  75  cents  to  $1.25  per  pair.  j 
Hotels  use  them  in  the  place  of  game. 
As  the  new  law  practically  forbids  the 
sale  of  domestic  game  in  New  York,  it 
would  seem  that  there  might  bo  an  open¬ 
ing  for  a  fair  increase  in  this  trade. 

Varying  Prices. — I  sent  four  lots  of 
green  peas  to  a  New  York  commission 
house.  They  were  alike  iu  quality  and 


handled  by  the  same  pickers,  yet  the  price 
ran  from  $2  down  to  $1.25  per  bag.  Whv 
was  this?  reader. 

Chenango  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Such  things  happen  every  day.  They 
may  be  the  result  of  dishonesty,  but  not 
necessarily  so.  Making  sales  is  not  a  eut- 
and-dried  affair.  You  may  get  a  customer 
for  half  of  a  lot  of  peas  at  a  certain  price, 
but  have  to  dispose  of  the  remainder 
(which  is  just  as  good)  for  considerably 
less.  Large  produce  houses  have  a  num¬ 
ber  of  store  salesmen,  but  not  all  are 
equally  efficient  in  judgment  and  tact,  and 
some  take  more  interest  In  their  work  than 
others.  These  are  some  of  the  risks  which 
a  man  must  take  in  dealing  with  commis¬ 
sion  houses,  even  of  tne  highest  grade. 
Those  who  sell  their  own  produce  in  local 
towns  or  public  market  places  know  that, 
unless  there  is  a  great  scarcity,  the  sales 
of  a  single  day  will  show  different  prices 
for  goods  of  the  same  quality,  w  w  h 


DLKAS10  semi  a  triai  shipment  m  the  Oldest  Com- 
1  mission  House  in  New  York  Kst.  1838.  Butter 
liaqs,  I  ’em  try .  Pork,  Calves.  Ilav.  Grain,  B.  ails' 
Apples,  etc.  K.  11.  uooimtaUP.  so-j  iPi,  si.,  y.yj 


Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  CO.,  Com¬ 
mission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York. 


JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET.  HEW  YORK 


POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY. 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 


Highest  prices  guaranteed  for  White  or  Brown 
Leghorns  or  mixed  eggs.  Also  high  grade  butter. 
Write  us  for  information.  A  trial  will  convince  yon 
of  our  ability  to  obtain  extreme  prices.  Address 

JOHNSTONE  6  COUGHLAN, 

164  Duane  Street,  :  :  New  York 

Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.,  -  Boston. 

SHIP  YOUR  CALVES  AND  POULTRY 

- TO - 

GEO.  OLIVER  &  COMPANY 

Established  1 8  SO 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 
WEST  WASHINGTON  MARKET,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 

PROMPT  ItETTTKNS 


Apples — Peaches 

and  all  Fruits  and  Vegetables,  Fancy 
Eggs;  Hothouse  Products.  Top  price's 
secured  for  choice  products. 

Archdeacon  &  Ce.,  100  Murray  St.,  New  York 


r.  nnrainGi’ut  ftM.  lOii).  FHANK  W.  GODWIN 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  CO., 

Commission  Merchants  and  Dealers  in  all  Rinds  of 
CO IJN  I  ICY  PRODUCK,  Apples,  Peaches,  Her 
ries  Butter,  Eggs.  Cheese,  Poultry.  Mushrooms 
and  Hot-ac  ise  Products  a  Specialty.  Consignments 

solicited.  ^4  &  30  ldttle  18th  St.,  New  York 


662 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


August  19,  1911. 


The  l®  Sensation  for  1912 

This  Car  for  $1,000 

•  —  «.  .  J  r  r  \  .-’,v  ^ 

(Price  Subject  to  Change  Without  Notice) 


Here  is  the  first  attempt  to  sell  a  high- 
grade  car — roomy,  luxurious,  speedy  and 
powerful — for  an  even-thousand  dollars. 
It  is  the  latest  design  of  Mr.  R.  E.  Olds — 
the  finest  car  which  this  famous  factory 
ever  sent  out  from  its  doors. 

The  price  is  subject  to  change;  it  may 
be  impossible.  We  count  that  this  price 
will  add  50  per  cent  to  our  output  without 
added  overhead  expense.  If  it  does,  the 
price  becomes  possible — at  the  present 
cost  of  materials.  If  we  find  it  impossible 
we  shall  later  advance  it.  For  we  never 
shall  skimp  on  any  part  of  this  car  to  keep 
the  price  at  $1,000. 

Every  Reo  agent  now  has  this  car  on 
exhibit.  Each  now  offers  this  initial  price. 
And  you  will  find  no  car  under  $1,500 
which  compares  for  a  moment  with  it. 

How  We  Did  It 

Year  after  year  we  have  constantly  in¬ 
creased  our  output.  Part  by  part  we  have 
brought  the  Reo  car  to  perfection.  Grad¬ 
ually  each  important  part  has  been  stand¬ 
ardized,  and  permanent  machinery  has 
been  adapted  to  it. 

Year  by  year  we  have  equipped  our¬ 
selves  to  build  every  part  of  the  car — to 
cut  off  the  profits  of  parts-makers. 

All  the  costly  experiments  are  ended 
now.  The  expensive  changes  have  all 
been  made.  Our  machinery,  dies,  jigs  and 
tools  need  no  more  alteration. 

Some  expensive  materials,  like  tires  and 
steel,  are  costing  less  than  formerly.  Our 
selling  cost  is  a  great  deal  less,  because  of 
our  organization. 


The  new  Reo  “Thirty,”  with 
fore-door,  five-passengertonneau. 
Four  4x41/2">nch  cylinders — 108- 
inch  wheel  base — 34x3  ^-inch 
tires — the  best  of  magnetos.  Our 
latest  and  finest  creation — a 
roomy,  powerful,  stunning  car — 
for  an  even-thousand  dollars. 

Top  and  windshield  not  included.  We  equip 
this  car  with  a  Mohair  Top  and  Slip  Cover, 
a  Mezger  Automatic  Windshield,  a  Speed¬ 
ometer  and  a  Gas  Tank — all  for  $100  extra. 


We  have  enormous  capacity  and  our 
output  can  now  be  increased  by  half  with 
no  extra  cost  save  for  materials  and  labor. 

For  all  of  these  reasons,  the  time  seems 
at  hand  when  a  car  of  this  class  can  be 
sold  for  $1,000.  And,  until  further  notice, 

we  are  going  to  try  it. 

No  Skimping  Whatever 

We  pledge  you  our  word  that  in  adopt¬ 
ing  this  price,  we  have  not  skimped  the 
car  in  the  slightest  particular.  This  is  the 
finest  model,  regardless  of  price,  that  we 
ever  turned  out  from  our  factory. 

It  is  the  best  car  we  can  make.  It  is  as 
good  a  car  as  any  man,  at  any  price,  can 
make. 

The  car  is  built  under  laboratory  super¬ 
vision  of  the  most  scientific  sort.  The 
steel  for  each  part  is  analyzed.  It  is  tested 
for  tensile  strength  and  for  hardness. 
Nothing  is  left  to  chance. 

The  gears  are  tested  in  a  crushing  ma¬ 


chine,  to  withstand  a  pressure  of  2754 
tons.  The  bearings  are  fitted  with  the  best 
roller  bearings — the  Timken  and  the 
Hyatt  High-Duty.  The  carburetor  is 
adapted  to  the  present  grades  of  gasoline. 

All  that  is  known  to  the  best  modern 
practice  is  embodied  in  this  car.  From  the 
big  tires  and  wheels  down  to  the  smallest 
hidden  part,  we  are  giving  you  better  than 
necessary — the  very  best  we  know. 

Designed  by  R.  E.  Olds 

This  car  was  designed  by  Mr.  R.  E. 
Olds,  the  dean  of  automobile  designers. 
It  is  built  under  his  supervision. 

Long  before  the  days  of  automobiles 
Mr.  Olds  was  building  famous  gas  en¬ 
gines.  In  the  early  days  of  the  motor  car 
he  built  the  only  cars  worth  having.  And 
in  every  step  of  progression  since,  Mr. 
Olds  has  kept  well  in  the  lead. 

This  car  we  are  selling  for  $1,000  is  Mr. 
Olds’  latest  creation.  It  embodies  all  his 
skill  and  experience.  And  all  his  repu¬ 
tation  as  a  great  engineer  is  staked  on 
this  Reo  car. 

Ask  for  Details 

On  this  car  we  publish  complete  specifi¬ 
cations.  We  state  every  material,  every 
feature,  every  detail  of  the  mechanism. 
We  do  this  to  help  you  compare  this  car 
with  the  highest-priced  cars  in  existence. 

Please  write  for  these  facts.  Then  go 
to  the  nearest  Reo  agent  and  see  the  car 
itself.  This  is  the  first  great  car  to  sell 
for  $1,000.  And,  if  the  price  is  found 
possible,  it  is  bound  to  change  the  whole 
motor  car  situation. 


(3) 


R.  M.  Owen  &  Co. 


General  Sales 
Agents  for 


Reo  Motor  Car  Co.,  Lansing,  Mich. 


CORN  BELT  PORK  PRODUCTION 
How  Hogs  are  Handled. 

Long  known  as  mortgage-lifters,  hogs 
form  an  important  part  of  the  live  stock 
interests  on  most  farms,  and  notably  so 
in  the  corn  belt.  Cholera,  so  long  a 
menace  to  the  hog  industry,  and  at 
times  occasioning  losses  in  individual 
cases  of  thousands  of  dollars,  has  been 
robbed  of  its  terrors  by  the  serum  treat¬ 
ment,  which  is  proving  to  be  a  certain 
and  practical  means  of  preventing  and 
checking  this  highly  fatal  malady.  Being 
an  early  maturing  animal,  a  thrifty  hog 
changes  little  in  appearance  from  a  few 
weeks  of  age  to  the  time  he  is  slaugh¬ 
tered  at  six  months  to  one  year  old ; 
that  is,  thrifty  pigs  properly  fed  keep  a 
well-rounded  form  at  all  times,  and 
during  the  finishing  period,  when  on  a 
full  feed  of  corn,  some  extra  pounds 
of  lard  are  added  which  do  not  greatly 
affect  the  general  makeup  of  the  pork¬ 
ers.  However,  pigs  are  at  times  turned 
on  clover  or  Blue-grass  pasture  and  let 
shift  for  themselves  for  a  time  or  if 
pasture  is  restricted  in  area  a  feed  of 
slop  is  given.  Under  such  conditions 
pigs,  while  they  make  good  growth,  are 
likely  to  become  thin,  which  fault  the 
highly  fattening  corn  ration,  fed  later, 
soon  remedies.  The  pigs  in  Fig  333 
show  what  grass  pigs  look  like  at  the 
beginning  of  the  feeding  period.  The 
pigs  are  near  the  same  age,  but  the  one 
on  the  right  has  better  conformation 
and  a  better  constitution,  as  evidenced 
by  his  greater  size  and  better  condition 
on  the  same  pasture  and  feed.  The  pig 
on  the  left  is  not  a  runt,  but  lacks 
depth  of  body  and  the  feeding  ability  or 
digestive  capacity  of  his  mate.  These 
pigs  were  from  a  lot  of  about  60,  and 
were  not  the  best  nor  the  worst  of  the 
lot.  These  pigs  would  average  near  70 
pounds,  and  were  being  started  on  corn. 
They  also  were  gleaning  in  a  wheat 
stubble  and  had  plenty  of  spring  water. 
Later  they  will  be  put  in  a  smaller  field 
or  lot,  the  corn  ration  increased  and  a 
rich  slop  given  twice  daily.  Where 
pasture  is  lacking,  a  ration  of  corn,  oats 
and  tankage  is  excellent,  when  used  at 
the  rate  of  corn,  four  pounds,  oats,  two 
pounds,  and  tankage,  one  pound.  Pigs 
will  make  a  good  growth  without  pas¬ 
ture,  but  perhaps  not  so  cheaply  as  when 
on  Alfalfa,  clover  or  Blue  grass.  Al¬ 
falfa  is  not  yet  much  used  here  for  hog 
pasture,  being  cut  for  hay  mostly,  but 
Red,  White  and  Alsike  clovers  are 
highly  appreciated  and  with  a  corn  ra¬ 
tion  enable  our  farmers  to  grow  pigs 
profitably  and  with  a  minimum  of  labor. 
When  pigs  reach  a  weight  of  100  pounds 
or  better  the  corn  ration  is  increased, 
and  in  a  short  time  they  are  given  all 
the  corn  they  will  eat  twice  a  day.  1  lie 
hog  is  an  efficient  corn  consuming  ma¬ 
chine,  and  the  feeder  is  reasonably  cer¬ 
tain  of  producing  10  pounds  of  pork  or 
better  with  each  bushel  of  corn  fed. 

The  best  weight  at  the  present  time  to 


NEARING  THE  FINISH  OF  FATTENING.  Fir;.  3:29. 


A  BUNCH  OF  SOWS  AND  THEIR  PIGS.  Fig.  330. 


ROUGH  SHED  FOR  THE  BROOD  SOWS.  Fig.  331. 


sell  hogs  is  about  225  pounds,  though 
much  lighter  hogs  are  common  in  the 
markets.  Fig.  332  shows  a  hog  ready 
for  market,  and  at  times  a  large  pro¬ 
portion  of  the  hogs  marketed  have  the 
depth  and  finish  shown ;  when  corn  is 
scarce  such  finish  is  lacking,  the  hogs 
are  “leggy”  and  light  and  carry  less 
lard.  A  few  Summer  and  Fall  pigs  are 
wintered  and  fattened  on  old  corn  to  be 
sold  late  in  June  or  in  July  or  August, 
but  the  bulk  of  the  pigs  come  in  the  early 
Spring,  are  kept  growing  rapidly  on 
slop  and  pasture,  and  finished  on  new 
corn  for  the  Fall  and  Winter  market. 
An  early  corn  planted  early  should  be 
ready  to  feed  late  in  August,  and  af¬ 
fords  a  cheap  feed  for  the  pigs.  Fig  331 
shows  a  shed  made  of  baled  straw  and 
covered  with  corn  fodder  to  shelter  the 
brood  sows  and  pigs  at  farrowing  time. 
This  shed  accommodates  several  sows, 
which  are  kept  separate,  though  the  pigs 
run  together  at  will.  Fig  330  shows 
the  sows  and  pigs  eating  shelled  corn 
on  the  ground ;  in  the  background  arc 
to  be  seen  some  individual  hoghouses,  so 
popular  in  some  localities.  Fig  329 
shows  the  hogs  being  fed  out  in  the  field 
on  the  ground ;  corn  is  hauled  out  and 
thrown  into  rail  pens  or  is  left  in  the 
wagon  box  and  a  supply  thrown  to  the 
hogs  night  and  morning. 

The  hogs  get  all  they  can  eat,  and  as 
they  near  a  finished  condition  the  feeder 
anxiously  watches  his  charges  for  signs 
of  sickness,  and  the  least  sign  of  in¬ 
digestion,  lack  of  appetite,  going  off 
their  feed,  is  noted  and  if  serious  the 
ration  is  lessened  or  the  ailing  hogs  seg¬ 
regated  and  given  a  change  of  diet. 
Well-fattened  hogs  cannot  stand  driv¬ 
ing,  so  they  are  hauled  to  market  in 
large  wagon  boxes  or  in  “hog  crates.” 
The  hogs  are  loaded  by  means  of  chutes, 
hauled  to  the  stock  pens  at  the  ship¬ 
ping  point,  where  they  are  unloaded, 
weighed  and  after  a  short  rest,  loaded 
on  the  stock  cars.  Fat  hogs  are  sold 
outright  to  a  dealer  or  the  dealer  may 
ship  them  on  a  commission,  and  if  the 
owner  has  a  carload,  60  hogs  in  single 
deck  car,  he  often  ships  them  himself  at 
a  nice  profit  over  the  commission  plan. 
A  dealer  handling  hogs  on  commission 
asks  40  cents  per  hundred  pounds  to  ship 
from  Hillsboro  to  Cincinnati,  while  the 
owner  can  ship  the  same  hogs  at  22  to 
25  cents  per  hundred  weight.  In  either 
case  the  hogs  would  likely  be  consigned 
to  some  commission  firm  at  the  Cincin¬ 
nati  stock  yards,  and  besides  whose 
commission  there  will  be  the  freight, 
yardage  and  feed  charges,  but  all  these 
charges  and  the  shrinkage  are  figured  in 
the  above  cost,  so  that  the  difference 
between  22  and  40  cents  is  the  profit  per 
hundred  weight  to  the  shipper,  or  near 
$25  on  each  single-deck  carload.  Sell¬ 
ing  outright  and  contracting  ahead  arc 
merely  gambling  for  both  owner  and 
shipper,  but  lots  of  stock  change  hands 
by  both  plans.  w.  e.  ducknvall. 

Ohio. 


864 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


August  20, 


“THE  LAND  OF  HEART’S  DELIGHT.’* 

A  Sucker  in  Southwest  Texas. 

Part  V. 

DISAPPOINTMENTS  IN  TRUCKING.— By  the 
time  I  got  through  shipping  for  myself  and  neighbors 
I  was  pretty  thoroughly  disgusted  witih  the  truck 
business.  When  I  returned  from  shipping  the  onions, 
melon  shipping  began  and  I  shipped  four  cars  of 
melons  for  my  neighbors.  The  melons  were  shipped 
from  about  June  15  to  June  28.  The  first  car  brought 
$100  net,  the  second  $50,  the  third  $30,  and  the  fourth 
barely  paid  freight  and  commission.  By  this  time  I 
exhausted  my  money,  my  nerve,  and  my  patience  with 
the  truck  business,  in  this  “Land  of  Heart’s  Delight.” 


OHIO  IIOG  READY  FOR  SHIPMENT.  Fig.  332. 


I  had  sold  both  my  teams  and  my  wagon  and  used 
most  of  the  proceeds,  I  was  three  years  older  and 
perhaps  some  wiser  than  when  I  came  here,  and  I 
tried  to  think  of  all  the  mean  acts  of  my  life  to  deter¬ 
mine  what  particular  ones,  or  whether  all  combined 
was  responsible  for  the  almost  continuous  failures  I 
had  made.  I  could  not  help  but  observe  that  most 
everybody  else  had  fared  about  the  same  way,  and 
many  of  my  failing  neighbors  were  better  workers, 
better  managers,  better  church  goers,  were  as  good 
by  nature  and  apparently  as  good  at  least  by  practice 
as  I,  so  I  concluded  that  it  was  not  caused  by  my  own 
sin  or  that  of  my  parents,  but  the  result  of  misguided 
efforts  and  flying  in  the  face  of  Providence,  by  trying 
to  use  this  country  for  purposes  that  at  present  at 
least,  conditions  will  not  justify.  My  wife,  my 
daughter,  my  son  and  family  had  all  enjoyed  good 
health.  My  catarrhal  troubles  were  very  much  re¬ 
lieved,  and  we  had  enjoyed  three  of  the  finest  Winter^ 
of  our  lives.  While  the  Summers  were  uncomfort¬ 
ably  long  and  some  days  quite  hot  the  heat  was  much 
easier  to  bear  than  in  more  moist  climates.  The  last 
Summer  of  my  three  years’  experience  I  rented  most 
of  the  land  to  a  neighbor,  and  they  planted  in  cow 
peas  and  prepared  the  land,  for  potatoes  and  beans 
this  year,  1911,  and  at  this  time,  April  first,  there  is  a 
fine  crop  of  early  Irish  potatoes  nearly  ready  to  har¬ 
vest,  and  an  acre  and  a  half  of  snap  beans  with  fair 
promise  of  a  small  crop. 

CAUSES  OF  FAILURE. — Had  we  invested  our 
money  when  we  came  here,  in  land  four  or  five  miles 
from  town,  at  from  $15  to  $18  per  acre,  and  in  clear¬ 
ing,  fencing,  and  preparing  it  for  dry  land  farming  in 
general  and  cotton  in  particular,  and  avoided  irrigat- 


A  PAIR  OF  GRASS  PIGS.  Fig.  333. 

ing  outfits,  orange  tree  planting  and  the  truck  busi¬ 
ness  we  would  have  done  well  financiailly.  This 
country  will  produce,  wThen  well  farmed,  an  average 
of  one-third  bale  of  cotton  per  acre,  and  it  is  no 
trouble  to  get  it  farmed,  and  the  tenant  delivers  the 
landlord  one-fourth  of  the  cotton  at  the  gin.  It  costs 
from  $12  to  $15  per  acre  to  clear,  fence  and  put  the 
land  in  shape  for  renting,  or  farming,  making  an  in¬ 
vestment  of  about  $30  per  acre  and  the  rent  would 
easily  pay  from  10  to  15  per  cent  on  the  investment. 
By  this  time  the  land  has  doubled  in  value  which 
would  have  paid  50  per  cent  more  on  first  investment. 

MISLEADING  STATEMENTS.— Organized  real- 
estate  companies  here  and  in  many  other  parts  of  the 
Gulf  Coast  countries  have  scattered  over  the  United 
States  and  Canada  vast  amounts  of  literature  describ¬ 
ing  this  country  as  producing  $100  worth  of  melons 


per  acre,  from  $100  to  $200  worth  of  early  potatoes 
and  in  some  instances  $500  and  $600  worth  of  Ber¬ 
muda  onions  per  acre,  also  as  being  an  ideal  country 
to  raise  oranges,  whereas  of  the  three  Winters  that  I 
have  been  here  90  per  cent  of  the  orange  trees  planted 
have  been  frozen  nearly  to  the  ground.  Many  other 
statements  equally  misleading  are  in  circulation ;  ad¬ 
vising  people  that  they  can  buy  and  easily  improve  10 
acres,  make  an  easy  living  by  trucking  and  at  the  same 
time  plant  and  raise  oranges  and  in  a  few  years  be  in 
affluent  circumstances  from  the  sale  of  oranges.  They 
illustrate  their  literature  with  photographs  of  except- 
tional  cases,  of  exceptional  crops,  or  orange  trees,  but 
who  ever  saw  a  statement  from  them  that  these  same 
10-acre  tracts  cannot  produce  truck  at  all  without  thq 
use  of  an  expensive  irrigating  outfit,  costing  from 
$1,500  to  $2, COO,  or  that  the  truck  business  has  been  a 
financial  failure  for  at  least  90  per  cent  of  the  truck 
growers  who  have  been  well  fixed  for  it,  or  that  most 
of  the  people  who  have  tried  it  have  quit  in  disgust, 
and  many  of  them  bankrupt?  Many  poor  people  hav¬ 
ing  but  a  few  hundred  dollars,  often  widows,  office 
'girls,  clerks  and  professional  men  from  the  East,  have 
bought  these  10-acre  tracts  and  come  here  only  to  find 
that  it  is  an  utter  impossibility  to  make  a  living  on 
their  purchase,  as  they  had  been  led  to  believe,  and 
have  gone  away  utterly  disgusted  with  what  they  have 
found.  Express  companies  charge  exorbitant  prices 
for  carrying  vegetables  to  distant  markets.  I  shipped 
a  barrel  of  eggplant  to  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  which  was  sold 
for  $9.90.  The  commission  firm  received  99  cents  for 
handling  them,  I  received  $1.15  and  the  express  com¬ 
pany  took  the  rest.  Question,  how  much  of  the  con¬ 
sumer’s  dollar  did  I  get?  We  are  at  the  extreme 
southwest  part  of  the  United  States,  wdiere  distance 
from  the  consumer  and  bad  transportation  service 
often  puts  us  out  of  business.  Cheap  Mexican  labor  is 
very  useful  for  clearing  land,  thinning  cotton,  picking 
cotton,  and  in  some  instances  in  gathering  other  crops. 
The  common  wages  here  are  75  cents  per  day  and  they 
beard  themselves.  In  most  kinds  of  labor  they  are 
not  worth  the  price.  It  requires  an  overseer  to  boss 
him  all  the  time,  to  get  either  a  proper  amount  of  work 
done  or  to  get  it  done  properly.  He  will  quit  the  job 
at  any  time  with  the  most  trifling  excuse,  or  no  excuse 
at  all  regardless  of  the  inconvenience  or  loss  to  the 
employer.  If  the  employer  tries  to  favor  the  Mexican 
laborer,  brags  on  his  work,  or  gives  him  anything  to 
help  him,  the  Mexican  at  once  concludes  he  is  of  so 
much  importance  that  he  is  indispensable  to  the  busi¬ 
ness,  demands  higher  wages  and  often  becomes  inde¬ 
pendent  and  insolent.  The  average  newcomer  begins 
by  pitying  the  Mexican,  but  in  a  very  short  time  he  is 
pitying  himself.  Larger  wages  seldom  gets  better  ser¬ 
vice.  The  more  he  is  paid  the  longer  he  tries  to  make 
his  job  last.  None  of  these  conditions  are  explained 
to  the  prospective  purchaser.  After  he  has  given  up 
his  money  for  his  land,  transportation  of  himself,  his 
family  and  his  goods  and  he  begins  to  use  this  far 
famed  cheap  Mexican  labor,  these  stubborn  fact^.  be¬ 
gin  to  filter  through  his  intellect. 

Such  are  the  present  conditions  in  the  famous  Gulf 
Coast  Country.  Had  I  have  read  and  believed  this  ar¬ 
ticle  before  I  invested  here  it  would  have  been  worth 
$2,000  to  me.  I  am  writing  it  hoping  that  it  may  open 
the  eyes  of  many  honest  people,  and  keep  them  from 
making  the  mistakes  that  I  and  very  many  others  have 
made.  A  victim. 

PUMP  IN  CONNECTION  WITH  DRAINAGE 

IIow  can  I  get  the  water  from  the  outlets  of  my  tile 
drain  to  the  surface  of  the  ground?  Drain  is  four  feet 
deep  and  flows  a  stream  of  one-half  gallon  a  minute.  I 
do  not.  own  the  ground  below  the  outlet,  and  the  neigh¬ 
bors  ditch  is  filling  up  by  the  llood  water  running  in  it, 
and  will  not  clean  it  out.  Is  there  any  machinery  or 
contrivance  to  lift  the  water  to  the  surface  of  the  ground, 
or  to  cistern  when  I  need  it  for  irrigating,  at  a  small 
cost,  till  the  drains  dry  up  as  in  dry  weather?  A.  s.  b. 

Felton,  Pa. 

You  can  raise  the  water  over  a  dyke  by  installing 
a  pumping  plant,  which  could  be  done  quite  cheaply 
for  so  small  a  quantity  of  water.  I  know  of  several 
$40  engines  that  are  used  for  pumping  from  deep 
wells  a  far  larger  quantity  than  is  mentioned  here. 
A  half  gallon  per  minute  is  not  much  water.  Bonner 
&  Ware,  of  Batavia,  N.  Y.,  pump  the  water  from 
50  acres  of  muck  land  every  Spring,  using  a  centri¬ 
fugal  pump  having  a  capacity  of  2,000  gallons  per 
minute.  This  pump  is  driven  by  a  20  horse-power 
engine,  and  is  in  operation  from  two  to  three  weeks 
in  the  Spring,  and  I  doubt  there  being  a  better  pay¬ 
ing  drainage  proposition  in  the  State.  I  went  100 
miles  out  of  my  way  one  bitter  cold  March  day  to 
look  at  this  pumping  plant.  Arriving  at  the  farm, 
Messrs.  Bonner  &  Ware  had  the  courtesy  to  hitch  up 
a  horse  and  take  me  nearly  a  mile  to  where  the 
pump  is  located.  They  have  parallel  open  ditches 
about  10  rods  apart,  which  carry  the  water  to  a 


main  ditch  in  which  it  runs  to  the  pump  and  is  raised 
over  the  dyke.  These  open  ditches  are  utilized  in  time 
of  drought  for  under  irrigation  by  diverting  the 
water  from  a  creek  into  them,  and  this  muck  is  of  so 
loose  a  texture  that  the  water  moves  quite  quickly 
through  the  soil  laterally  from  one  ditch  to  another, 
and  of  course  passes  up  by  capillarity  to  the  growing 
plants.  In  1910  75  acres  of  spinach  was  grown  on  25 
acres  of  this  drained  and  irrigated  muck,  so  you  see 
they  do  not  have  to  use  glass  or  go  to  the  sunny 


1  HE  CONSUMER  S  DOI.LAR.”  From  Rochester  Herald 

Fig.  334. 


South  in  order  to  grow  three  crops  in  one  season  on 
the  same  ground.  But  this  is  digressing,  so  return¬ 
ing  to  the  case  in  hand,  I  should  get  a  small  gasoline 
pumping  engine  and  attach  it  to  a  pump  of  sufficient 
capacity  to  handle  the  maximum  discharge  of  the 
drain,  but  ascertain  for  a  certainty  what  this  is,  do 
not  guess  at  it.  Then  make  a  well  at  least  three  feet 
deeper  than  the  drain  outlet  with  a  six-inch  concrete 
wall  and  bottom  for  the  drain  to  discharge  into,  and 
pump  from  this  well  over  a  dyke. 

J.  F.  VAN  SCHOONHOVEN. 


The  Agricultural  Department  says  that  clover  and 
grass  seed  put  on  grain  this  Spring  has  been  dried 
out  on  thousand  of  acres.  Look  such  seeding  over 
and  see  of  you  are  among  the  parched.  If  so  the 
Department  suggests  the  following: 

One  of  the  best  ways  known  to  get  a  stand  of  clover 
is  to  disk  the  stubble  field  as  soon  as  the  grain  is  off, 
allowing  the  disk  to  run  about  three  inches  deep  and 
working  the  stubble  into  the  soil.  The  disking  and  cross- 
disking  should  be  sufficient  to  clean  it  of  weeds  and  grass 
and  put  the  top  three  inches  of  soil  in  fine  tilth.  Keep 
the  ground  cultivated  until  the  first  soaking  rain,  then 
sow  about  10  pounds  of  clover  seed  mixed  with  six  to 
eight  pounds  of  Timothy  per  acre  and  harrow  the  seed 
in.  A  still  better  way  than  harrowing  is  to  sow  the 
grass  seed  with  a  grain  drill,  letting  the  seed  run  down 
the  grain  tubes  from  the  grass  seed  box  and  covering  the 
seed  from  one  to  1  %  inches  deep. 

This  you  will  see  is  a  modified  “Clark  culture.”  On 
farms  where  clover  hay  has  become  a  fixture  the  loss 

Advertising 
Don’t  Pay 

Unless  you  have  the  goods  to 
supply  the  increased  demand. 

We  have  been  on  the  short  side 
of  the  market  so  far  this  season. 

But  we  are  coming  along  now,  and 
expect  to  send  out  12  loads  each 
week. 

On  Saturday  our  wagons  will 
carry  Cabbage,  Carrots,  Cucum¬ 
bers,  Squash,  Beets,  Swiss  Chard, 

Endive,  Spinach,  Onions,  Peas, 

Sweet  Corn,  Parsley,  Turnips,  Let¬ 
tuce,  Potatoes, Radishes,  Tomatoes, 

Peppergrass,  string  Beans,  etc.  Al¬ 
so  Apples,  red  and  purple  Rasp¬ 
berries,  Cottage  Cheese,  Roasting 
Fowls,  Broilers  and  Eggs. 


L.  H.  SHELDON.  FAIR  HAVEN.  VT. 


ADVERTISING  A  VERMONT  FARM.  Fig.  333. 

of  the  crop  would  prove  a  calamity.  Millet  or  corn 
fodder  would  help  out,  but  clover  or  Alfalfa  are 
needed. 


After  a  long  and  hard  fight  it  was  decided  that  the 
coal  tar  chemical  “saccharin”  must  not  be  used  as  a 
substitute  for  sugar.  Food  which  contains  it  is  de¬ 
clared  adulterated.  We  have  just  discovered  a  neat 
scheme  to  induce  people  to  buy  and  use  this  stuff. 
We  get  a  very  innocent  little  card  asking  us  to  print 
a  recipe  for  “sweet  pickle.”  The  core  of  this  recipe 
is  saccharin,  “which  you  can  buy  at  any  drug  store. 
Evidently  the  scheme  is  to  induce  many  country  peo¬ 
ple  to  buy  this  and  thus  work  up  a  demand  for  the 
deadly  stuff.  It  is  a  very  slick  scheme,  and  the 
papers  which  take  orders  from  the  beverage  and  drug 
men  surely  ought  to  print  it. 


1911. 


855 


HOW  CANADA  THISTLES  ARE  KILLED. 

.1.  S.  Woodward  says  in  his  article  ‘  Ticking  Out  a 
Farm"  that  he  soon  got  rid  of  the  Canada  thistle.  I  have 
bought  a  farm  that  is  thoroughly  infested,  and  I  would 
like  to  have  Mr.  Woodward  explain  his  method  in  getting 
rid  of  the  plant.  Other  readers  also  would  no  doubt 
appreciate  a  real  remedy.  h.  a.  c. 

Brookfield  Center,  Conn. 

I  used  to  have  a  holy  horror  of  Canada  thistles, 
quack  grass,  etc.,  but  when  you  know  how  to 
get  rid  of  them,  it  is  only  fun  to  combat  them. 
When  our  friends  of  the  experiment  stations  want 
to  rid  the  orchards  of  any  pest,  the  sensible  thing 
they  do  is  first  to  study  its  life  history — to  know  all 
about  it.  The  same  is  true  of  the  Canada  thistle. 
Canada  thistle,  potatoes  and  artichokes  are  all  some¬ 
what  alike,  in  that  in  one  year  they  store  up  sub¬ 
stance  on  which  the  first  growth  is  made  the  succeed¬ 
ing  year.  When  we  plant  a  .  piece  of  potato  what  we 
put  into  the  ground  furnishes  food  for  growth  until 
the  leaves  are  sufficiently  developed  to  digest  what  is 
taken  from  the  soil  and  air  to  fit  it  for  further  growth. 
About  the  time  the  blossoms  appear  certain  root 
stalks  (rhizomes)  start  out,  and  on  these  the  potatoes 
are  produced.  If  we  were  to  commence  when  the 
shoots  first  appear  above  ground  and  pull  or  cut  them 
off,  others  would  at  once  come  up,  and  we  might 
continue  to  take  their  place,  and  this  would  only 
weaken  the  seed  pieces,  but  not  cease  until  the  seed 
piece  is  entirely  exhausted.  The  difference  between 
the  potato  and  Canada  thistle  is  that  while  frost  kills 
the  potato  it  does  not  injure  the  part  of  the  thistle 
that  answers  the  purpose  of  storing  nutriment  one 
season  for  first  growth  the  next.  Winter  only  kills 
the  annual  growth  of  the  thistle,  but  does  not  injure 
the  parts  that  perpetuate  the  plant. 

These  are  those  large  running  roots 
(rhizomes)  that  permeate  the  soil  in 
every  direction,  and  these  are  as  full 
of  sustenance  for  future  growth  as  an 
equal  amount  of  the  potato,  and  these 
are  jointed  every  few  inches,  which 
answers  to  the  eyes  of  the  potato,  and 
from  each  joint  or  eye  as  soon  as 
warm  weather  comes  growth  starts  in 
an  upright  shoot  from  more  or  less  of 
these  eyes.  As  soon  as  the  leaves  are 
full  grown  they  begin  to  elaborate  food 
for  a  continuation  of  growth.  These 
underground  stems  are  not  true  roots, 
and  do  nothing  towards  the  growth  of 
the  thistle  except  to  furnish  food  for 
the  young  plant.  The  true  roots  start 
from  and  develop  around  the  upright 
shoots. 

If  we  pull  or  cut  these  shoots  as  soon 
as  they  reach  the  surface,  others  at 
once  come  from  these  underground 
stems  to  take  the  place  of  those  de¬ 
stroyed,  and  we  may  continue  to  cut 
or  pull  all  Summer  without  exhausting 
the  store.  Up  to  the  blossoming  of  the 
plant  the  top  has  furnished  little  or  no 
food  for  continued  growth.  The  treat¬ 
ment  we  gave  that  field  was  as  follows  and  is  the 
way  to  kill  Canada  thistle :  Have  the  field  well  seeded 
tc  clover  if  possible.  Let  thistles  grow  until  beginning 
to  bloom,  and  cut  for  hay,  and  by  the  way,  if  cut  at 
this  stage  of  growth  and  well  cured  they  make  better 
fodder  than  Timothy,  especially  for  sheep.  When  hay 
is  off  apply  a  dressing  of  land  plaster,  and  as  soon  as 
clover  is  from  six  inches  to  a  foot  high,  plow  the  field, 
do  not  “cut  and  cover,”  but  plow  it,  being  sure  to  turn 
it  all  over.  Follow  at  once  with  roller  and  harrow  so 
as  to  bury  the  thistles  entirely.  Follow  during  the 
balance  of  the  Summer  with  some  style  of  cultivator 
with  broad  teeth.  Keep  them  sharp,  and  the  next  day 
after  cultivating  go  over  with  a  hoe  and  be  sure  to 
cut  off  every  thistle  that  has  escaped  the  cultivator. 
Do  this  so  often  that  no  thistle  is  allowed  to  get  a 
full  leaf.  If  this  is  thoroughly  and  carefully  done 
until  snow  falls,  no  thistle  will  ever  show  that  does 
not  come  from  a  seed.  This  may  seem  a  big  job,  but 
it  is  not,  for  the  first  growth  will  have  nearly  ex¬ 
hausted  the  store  of  food,  so  that  but  few  thistles  will 
come  after  the  haying,  and  these  will  look  yellow  and 
be  feeble,  and  each  time  of  cultivating  will  greatly 
lessen  the  number  until  none  will  come.  I  am  so  sure 
of  the  success  of  this  plan  that  I  will  take  any  patch 
of  Canada  thistles  and  treat  it  and  contract  to  pay  a 
dollar  apiece  for  every  thistle  that  comes  after  treat¬ 
ment  except  from  seed.  But  the  success  depends  upon 
thoroughness;  no  slipshod,  half-way  method  will  do  it. 

j.  s.  WOODWARD. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  importance  this  weed  has  assumed 
may  be  noted  in  Prof.  Pammers  “Weeds  of  the 
Farm  and  Garden,”  where  the  Canada  thistle  is  re¬ 
ferred  to  on  32  different  pages.  It  is  also  subject  to 
restrictive  legislation. 


TH  US  RURAL  NEW-YORKER  ' 

STORY  OF  A  HYBRID  VERMONT  FARM. 

Ours,  I  think,  might  be  called  a  hybrid  farm,  as  it 
is  a  mixture  consisting  of  a  30-cow  dairy,  apples, 
pears,  small  fruit,  vegetables,  etc.,  chickens  and  fowls, 
also  home  baking.  We  have  at  present  13  in  the  fam¬ 
ily,  all  workers,  and  11  of  them  between  16  and  27 
years  of  age.  Our  eldest  boy  is  a  graduate  of  Ver¬ 
mont  Agricultural  College, *and  Yale,  Tufts  and  Am¬ 
herst  contribute  to  the  working  force.  Horace 
Greeley  worked  for  the  writer’s  grandfather  on  this 
farm  nearly  100  years  ago.  Several  of  New  York’s 
good  business  men  have  taken  the  influence  of  the 
old  farm  with  them,  and  we  hope  to  keep  the"  soil  in 
condition  to  grow  more  crops  of  the  same  kind.  Our 
experience  with  student  help  has  been  very  satisfac¬ 
tory.  The  vacation  comes  at  a  time  when  we  need 
help,  and  together  with  our  five  young  people,  every¬ 
one  seems  to  have  a  good  time. 

At  5  a.  m.  Saturday,  July  22,  the  cows  came  in 
from  night  pasture  and  were  milked,  while  some  of 
the  force  were  getting  the  two  wagons  loaded  for  the 
day’s  retail  trade.  One  team  goes  to  a  Summer  re¬ 
sort  six  miles  away  that  is  said  .to  have  166  cottages 
besides  hotels.  They  take  one  side  of  the  lake  every 
other  day.  The  other  wagon  sells  in  our  village  of 
2,000  people,  practically  the  year  around.  We  take 
advertising  space  in  our  local  paper  by  the  year,  and 
the  enclosed  advertisement,  Fig.  335,  shows  what  the 
wagons  have  this  day.  In  addition  the  lake  team 
carries  cakes  and  doughnuts  that  are  not  like  bakers’ 
goods  in  quality  or  price.  The  cooking  is  also  sold 
in  three  grocery  stores.  Not  many  farmers’  wives 
would  care  to  undertake  that  work,  but  Mrs.  Sheldon 
appreciates  the  letters  that  come  once  in  awhile  from 


a  young  woman  formerly  in  her  employ,  whose  hus¬ 
band  gave  up  his  unprofitable  team  work,  and  to¬ 
gether  they  have  paid  for  a  home  worth  several 
thousand  dollars  with  the  home  baking.  The  teams 
are  a  little  late  in  starting,  as  the  corn  is  young  and 
must  be  selected  carefully,  but  we  know  no  competi¬ 
tors  can  send  out  loads  like  ours,  and  are  sure  of  our 
customers.  About  eight  o’clock  they  are  under  way, 
also  another  team  with  the  milk  to  the  shipping  sta¬ 
tion  three  miles  away.  This  team  also  carries  some 
special  orders.  Two  cultivators  are  working  during 
the  forenoon  in  the  silo  corn.  We  lost  $5  a  few  days 
ago  in  transplanting  turnip  plants  on  ground  where 
early  peas  had  been  plowed  under,  as  the  sun  killed 
them  before  night.  To-day  three  men  put  in  seed.  It 
is  rather  late  for  rutabagas,  but  if  we  get  rain  may 
get  a  crop. 

Black  Mexican  sweet  corn  is  a  favorite  with  us 
for  selling  or  feeding  green,  but  goes  by  very  quickly. 
Now  we  plant  about  July  1,  and  if  it  escapes  frost  it 
keeps  in  condition  longer  in  the  cool  Fall  weather. 
To-day  we  sow  White  Globe  turnip  broadcast  in  an 
acre  of  the  corn.  There  are  four  extra  helpers  to¬ 
day,  two  of  them  women.  As  it  is  Saturday,  the 
half-acre  of  raspberries  must  be  gone  over.  The 
Cuthbert  nearly  all  winter-killed.  The  Shaffer  and 
Columbian  would  do  well  with  rain,  but  at  noon  we 
have  less  than  one  bushel  where  last  year  we  had 
five  or  six.  They  bring  20  cents  per  quart.  After 
dinner  16-year-old  Marjorie  harnesses  a  span  of 
Morgan  driving  horses,  takes  the  berries,  picks  up  a 
girl  friend,  and  is  on  her  way  to  overtake  the  delivery 
team  at  the  lake.  The  story  of  that  team  is  about  as 
full  of  romance  as  one  of  E.  G.  Lewis’  fairy  tales, 
only  this  story  shows  up  another  side  of  human 


nature.  They  were  sent  to  us  recently  from  western 
New  York,  by  a  gentleman  and  lady  who  were 
strangers  to  us.  The  lady  could  no  longer  make  use 
of  them.  She  had  heard  of  our  girl’s  love  for  horses, 
through  a  mutual  friend,  and  asked  us  to  accept  the 
beautiful  team.  Do  you  wonder  that  we  are  a  bit 
proud  of  the  horses,  and  yet  more  pleased  that  the 
lady  chose  Valley  Farm  as  a  home  for  her  pets?  But 
the  girl  is  more  or  less  of  a  fraud,  as  every  day  since 
the  pastures  are  so  dry  I  see  her  riding  down  the 
road  toward  a  pasture  where  there  is  a  superannuated 
horse,  and  I  get  no  answer  when  I  call  to  know  what 
that  swelling  is  that  just  shows  on  her  farther  side, 
but  I  think  the  old  horse  could  tell. 

But  to  get  back  to  our  job.  The  day  help  quit  at 
noon.  One  team  mowing  oats  all  the  afternoon  for 
hay;  as  they  are  a  little  rusty,  and  as  hay  will  be 
high  we  think  that  way  the  most  profitable.  The  hen 
boy,  when  preparing  13  broilers  and  hens  for  market 
the  night  before,  found  a  few  lice,  so  he  puts  in  the 
afternoon  spraying.  A  load  of  cake  goes  to  town,  also 
orders  that  have  been  ’phoned  in.  The  men  quit  early 
and  clean  up  litter  that  has  accumulated  around  the 
yard ;  would  mow  the  lawn  if  any  grass  were  grow¬ 
ing.  The  team  from  the  village  gets  in  at  5  p.  m. ; 
from  the  lake  at  seven.  Some  of  the  young  people  go 
to  town  to  hear  the  band  concert,  and  they  correct  a 
mistake  that  was  made  in  the  rush  of  orders,  when  a 
bag  of  horse  feed  instead  of  peas  was  sent  to  a  cus¬ 
tomer.  The  accounts  for  the  day  are  made  up.  The 
practical  failure  of  two  acres  of  strawberries  is  spoken 
of,  also  the  total  failure  of  cherries  and  currants  and 
the  light  crop  of  apples  and  pears,  but  a  good  crop  of 
plums,  and  they  wonder  if  the  farm  will  break  even 
this  trying  year;  congratulate  them¬ 
selves  that  the  disturbance  in  agricul¬ 
tural  conditions  kept  them  from  buying 
an  auto  delivery  truck  last  Spring,  and 
then  “good  night.”  l.  h.  sheldon. 
Vermont. 

THE  TREE  AGENT’S  SIDE. 

I  have  just  been  reading  your  article 
entitled  “An  Order  for  Nursery  Stock,” 
page  783,  and  it  seems  to  me  that  you 
have  looked  at  the  matter  of  Mr.  Ten 
Eyck's  request  for  a  cancellation  en¬ 
tirely  from  that  gentleman’s  side.  That 
is,  you  do  not  “give  the  devil  his  due” 
entirely.  I  take  it  that  when  Mr.  Ten 
Eyck  wrote  to  the  nursery  firm  in  re¬ 
gard  to  cancelling  his  order,  he  wrote 
about  as  follows:  “Dear  Sir:  1  have 
sold  out  and  can’t  use  the  trees  I  or¬ 
dered  of  your  agent.  Please  cancel  the 
order,  and  at  some  future  date  I  will 
give  you  a  much  .larger  order.”  This 
is  the  way  99  persons  out  of  100  word 
such  letters.  And  further,  it  is  only 
about  one  case  in  100  where  the  person 
writing  for  a  cancellation  has  actually 
“sold  out.”  Many  of  the  men  selling 
nursery  stock  (  I  refer  to  perfectly  reli¬ 
able  men  working  for  reliable  nursery  firms)  require 
“advance”  on  their  sales  each  week  to  pay  their  living 
expenses — their  own  and  their  families.  The  nursery¬ 
man  is  the  man  who  puts  up  this  money,  with  the 
expectation  that  he  will  recover  same  on  the  delivery 
of  stock  sold  by  the  agent.  No  doubt  the  nursery 
made  “advance”  on  this  order  of  Mr.  Ten  Eyck’s,  anji 
it  seems  to  the  writer  that  the  proper  thing  for  Mr, 
Ten  Eyck  to  have  written  would  be  about  as  follows: 
“Dear  Sirs :  Owing  to  the  fact  that  I  have  sold  my 
place  I  find  that  I  shall  be  unable  to  use  the  stock  I 
ordered  of  your  agent — Mr.  Blank.  I  therefore  wish 
to  ask  you  to  cancel  same.  Realizing,  however,  that 
you  have  probably  been  put  to  some  exj>ense  in  obtain¬ 
ing  my  order,  I  wish  to  state  that  I  am  willing  to  re¬ 
pay  you  for  any  outlay  you  may  have  made.”  Had  Mr. 
Ten  Eyck  written  as  I  have  suggested,  I  shall 
wager  that  he  would  have  had  no  difficulty  in  adjust¬ 
ing  matter.  As  I  am  connected  with  a  reliable  nursery- 
firm  and  handle  many  such  cases  in  the  course  of  a 
year,  I  “know  whereof  I  speak.”  chas.  broyles. 
Indiana. 

R.  N.-Y. — We  are  willing  to  give  all  sides  a  fair 
hearing.  If  Mr.  Broyles  has  not  given  the  “devil”  his 
full  due  opportunity  is  offered  to  complete  it.  What 
we  objected  to  was  the  practice  of  the  nursery  firm  to 
“pay  no  attention”  to  such  letters,  but  to  force  the 
goods  upon  the  buyer.  We  know  that  other  firms  do 
not  practice  that  policy.  Do  we  understand  that  nur¬ 
serymen  pay  their  agents  a  commission  on  sales  in 
advance  and  stand  all  loss  or  failure  to  collect?  We 
doubt  it.  If  so,  the  business  is  different  from  any 
cther  we  ever  heard  of.  This  may  account  for  the 
fact  that  tree  agent’s  prices  are  50  per  cent  or  more 
above  those  for  similar  goods,  sold  by  mail  order. 


MAN’S  MOST  FAITHFUL  FRIEND.  Fig.  336.  (Seepage  869.) 


«6« 


<THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


August  26. 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[  Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
name  and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure 
attention.  Before  ashing  a  question,  please  see 
whether  it  is  not  answered  in  our  advertising 
columns.  Ask  only  a  few  questions  at  one  time. 
Put  questions  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper.] 


A  Rat-Proof  Corncrib. 

cr 

I  have  read  the  directions  of  W.  E. 
Duckwall,  on  page  798,  how  to  build  a 
corncrib  that  will  be  rat-proof,  in  an¬ 
swer  to  the  inquiry  of  A.  D.  J.,  of 
Sandy  Hook,  Conn.  I  have  a  rat-proof 
corncrib  that  is  neither  elevated  nor  has 
it  flaring  sides.  I  converted  an  ordin¬ 
ary  building  erected  for  another  purpose 
into  a  corncrib  by  removing  the  siding 
from  the  sides  and  nailing  on  slats  in 
the  usual  manner.  I  covered  the  sides 
with  a  galvanized  woven  wire  having 
a  half-inch  mesh,  commonly  known  as 
pigeon  wire.  The  floor  in  the  building 
was  poor.  This  I  covered  completely 
with  the  pigeon  wire,  laying  a  new  floor 
of  a  cheap  grade  of  one  and  one-fourth 
inch  spruce  flooring  on  the  top  of  the 
wire.  To  give  the  corn  all  the  air  pos¬ 
sible,  I  keep  all  the  windows  open,  and 
these  I  have  also  covered  with  the  wire. 
The  building  has  now  been  used  three 
years  for  the  storage  of  corn  in  this 
manner, '  and  although  my  premises  are 
infested  with  rats,  not  one  has  found  an 
entrance  to  the  corn.  As  the  building 
was  in  need  of  a  new  floor,  the  only  ad¬ 
ditional  expense  was  the  cost  of  the 
wire,  about  $15,  which  was  fully  paid 
for  in  one  year’s  protection.  1  raise  the 
12-row  Dutton  corn,  and  it  preserves 
perfectly  in  this  crib.  J.  n.  L. 

Chatham  Center,  N.  Y. 

Killing  “Paint  Brush”  by  Feeding. 

I  note  on  page  752  I).  R.  B.  inquires 
about  hawkweed,  or  as  it  is  commonly 
called  hereabouts  paint  brush.  You  tell 
him  to  destroy  with  salt.  Salt  will  do 
the  trick,  but  if  his  conditions  are; 
similar  to  conditions  hereabouts  the 
hawkweed  will  reoccupy  the  ground 
as  soon  as  the  effects  of  the  salt  passes 
away,  it  apparently  being  impossible 
to  bring  back  grasses  in  place  of  this 
thrifty  plant,  unless  there  is  consider¬ 
able  humus  and  available  plant  food 
present.  For  the  last  10  years  I  have 
been  making  a  practice  of  hauling 
manure  made  during  the  Summer  sea¬ 
son  on  to  the  pasture  and  applying  on 
the  spots  most  infested  with  paint  brush. 
The  results  have  been  very  gratifying. 
The  manure  will  not  completely  eradi¬ 
cate  the  evil,  yet  it  does  enable  grass 
and  clover  to  come  back.  The  first 
year  the  cattle  will  not  eat  down  the 
manured  spots,  and  the  grasses  go  to 
seed,  which  produces  a  splendid  stand 
the  next  year.  I  have  not  found  it 
necessary  to  sow  any  grass  seed ;  ap¬ 
parently  there  was  enough  in  the  manure 
and  ground.  My  pasture  was  in  some 
places  completely  occupied  by  paint 
brush.  These  spots  I  treated  first,  and 
there  is  hardly  any  paint  brush  in  them 
yet.  When  I  have  been  able  to  go  com¬ 
pletely  over  the  whole  pasture  1  intend 
to  recommence  on  these  spots  and 
gradually  go  over  it  again. 

F.  E.  MEEHAN. 

St.  Lawrence  Co.,  N.  Y. 

This  note  was  referred  to  Prof.  H.  E. 
Cook,  head  of  the  agricultural  school  at 
Canton,  who  says : 

“My  experience  with  hawkweed  has 
been  about  like  this.  It  grows  very 
largely  because  the  fertility,  that  is 
available  fertility,  has  been  so  reduced 
that  the  grasses  will  not  make  a  crop 
strong  enough  to  cover  the  ground.  I 
do  not  think,  however,  that  fertility 
will  always  be  a  saving  grace.  To  illus¬ 
trate,  if  large  patches  of  hawkweed  are 
located  near  what  is  otherwise  good 
land  they  stand  as  a  constant  menace  to 
this  adjacent  territory,  and  may  at  such 
time  seed  on  good  land.  I  know  that 
applications  of  manure  will  encourage 
the  growth  of  grasses  far  more  than  it 
will  the  hawkweed.  I  am  sure  also  that 
the  use  of  stable  manure  is  a  much  more 
effective  means  of  increasing  grass 
growth  and  reducing  hawkweed  growth 
than  chemicals,  because  the  stable 
manure  prevents  close  grazing,  while 
ihe  chemicals  do  not,  and  close  grazing 
is  responsible  to  a  very  great  extent  for 
weeds  and  inferior  pastures.  The  grass 
plants  cannot  stand  close  grazing  and 
do  their  best.  There  is  no  mulch  nor 
shade,  and  when  the  dry  time  comes  the 
plants  are  so  reduced  in  vitality  that 
they  never  fully  recover,  and  so  by  the 
very  law  of  the  fitness  of  things  and 
adjustment  to  environment  only  the 


plant  survives  which  can  live  under 
those  conditions,  and  it  happens  that 
the  plants  which  do  survive  produce 
very  small  amount  of  forage.  I  think 
the  use  of  salt  is  a  fake.  Of  course 
enough  salt  will  kill  hawkweed,  but  it  is 
impracticable.  Whether  one  should 
seek  to  recover  these  pastures  by  plac¬ 
ing  them  in  the  rotation  or  by  improv¬ 
ing  them  as  pastures  I  think  is  purely 
a  local  question,  that  is,  a  human  ques¬ 
tion,  and  can  only  be  determined  and 
settled  by  the  owner.  Whether  he  has 
facilities  for  plowing  and  cultivating, 
or  not,  whether  the  land  is  rough  or 
smooth  and  these  dozen  and  one  factors 
which  enter  into  the  intelligent  solution 
of  any  problem.” 

The  Exhibits  at  New  York  Fairs. 

As  the  State  of  New  York  pays  80  per 
cent  of  the  premium  money  given  out  at 
the  various  exhibitions,  it  seems  but  right 
that  it  should  say  something  about  how 
the  money  should  be  spent.  We  suppose 
of  course  that  those  in  charge  of  the  de¬ 
partment  look  over  our  lists  and  know 
something  about  the  prizes  given,  but  as 
we  understand  it  the  State  help  is  for 
the  promotion  of  better  live  stock,  grains, 
vegetables,  fruits,  etc.  Do  they  look  over 
the  prize  lists  and  realize  how  many  dol¬ 
lars  go  to  pay  for  embroidery,  art  relics, 
etc.,  for  which  no  entry  fee  is  paid?  The 
live  stock  men  are  required  to  pay  entry 
fees,  transportation  expenses,  hay  and  fet'd 
bills,  staud  the  chances  of  injury  to  ani¬ 
mals  through  handling,  etc.,  and  receive  in 
cases  of  good  luck  very  little  over  ex¬ 
penses.  Now  if  faneywork  such  as  hand- 
painted  hair  receivers,  erocheted  shawls, 
and  embroidered  laundry  bags  are  of 
enough  importance  to  provide  a  place  for 
on  our  fair  grounds  and  hire  night  watch¬ 
men  to  look  after,  let  those  who  enter  them 
and  carry  off  good  money  pay  the  entry 
fee  of  10  per  cent  of  iirst  money,  the  same 
as  the  man  who  enters  the  cattle,  hogs, 
sheep  and  poultry.  The  domestic  hall  ex¬ 
hibits  are  brought  in  by  trunkfuls,  prob¬ 
ably  carried  by  the  railroads  as  baggage. 
It  costs  each  society  money  for  entry- 
clerks  to  enter  them,  girls  to  care  for 
them,  expert  judges  to  judge  them,  and  of 
course  they  must  have  a  good  waterproof 
building  and  night  watch.  If  any  are 
lost  the  society  is  holden  for  damages.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  live  stock  men  care  for 
their  stock,  pay  for  their  feed,  hay,  etc., 
also  carting  same,  unless  delivered  free, 
which  is  the  case  with  many.  They  have 
to  board  their  help,  and  in  the  case  of 
cattle  it  takes  more  or  less  if  they  get 
good  care.  Cattle  shown  at  the  fairs  show 
a  shrinkage  in  supply  of  milk  by  being 
shipped  from  one  place  to  another,  and 
being  of  a  nervous  temperament  have  to 
be  well  fed  to  keep  in  good  showing  con¬ 
dition. 

Expenses  of  town  and  county  fairs  are 
on  the  increase.  Ivook  over  the  books  and 
see  if  much  useless  stuff  cannot  be  cut 
out  and  give  place  to  that  which  is  of  use 
to  mankind ;  if  we  need  the  art  needle¬ 
work,  etc.,  which  beautifies  our  homes  let 
those  who  enter  hand  over  the  entry  fee. 
An  exhibitor  who  expects  $10  or  $20  in 
prizes  will  not  hesitate  to  pay  10  per  cent 
to  enter,  if  the  association  makes  it  neces¬ 
sary.  This  money  will  help  the  society 
holding  the  exhibition  to  pay  the  expenses. 
Let  us  consider  the  matter  and  act  accord¬ 
ingly.  _  H.  M.  L. 

Crops  in  Western  New  York. 

I  took  a  trolley  ride  from  Rochester  to 
Fulton,  and  you  may  he  interested  in  what 
I  saw.  Oats  nearly  all  out  and  housed. 
Dry  weather  cut  into  fine  prospect  of  fiye 
or  *  six  weeks  ago  badly.  Yield  will  be 
below  average.  Beans,  large  acreage,  look 
ing  veryT  well  as  a  rule.  Usually  free  from 
weeds.  So  far  as  1  could  see  no  evidence 
of  rust.  Pastures  good,  at  least  they  are 
green,  although  they  looked  as  though 
they  were  fed  closely.  Corn  looks  badly 
iu  many  places.  Some  fields  are  good,  but 
ou  the  average  they  are  below  par.  If  the 
crop  averages  GO  per  cent  of  a  full  yield 
1  shall  be  surprised.  Potatoes,  the  poorest 
outlook  1  have  seen  in  nearly  20  years. 
There  is  not  one  good  looking  field  be¬ 
tween  Rochester  and  Fulton.  The  stand 
is  poor,  the  vines  are  weak  and  spindling, 
blight  or  dry  weather  has  turned  many 
lots  brown,  bugs  have  had  their  innings. 
To  say  the  crop  will  be  50  per  cent  of 
the  1910  crop  is  giving  the  crop  the  bene¬ 
fit  of  the  doubt.  A  few  days  ago  I  talked 
witli  a  farmer  living  near  Rochester  in  the 
potato  section.  He  told  of  one  field  on  a 
very  good  farm  where  the  potatoes  are 
just  coming  up.  Said  his  own  early  pota¬ 
toes  were  just  beginning  to  dig.  about  a 
month  behind  other  years,  are  about  two 
inches  in  diameter  and  two  to  four  in  a 
hill.  They  have  been  soiling  at  $1.60  per 
bushel  on  the  public  market  here  this 
week.  If  imported  potatoes  don’t  come  in 
this  Winter  the  farmer  will  get  from  GO 
cents  to  $1.  What  will  the  poor  people 
in  eities  pay  who  buy  one-quarter  peck  at 
a  time?  1  suppose  the  report  of  enormous 
crops  iu  Michigan,  Maine.  Pennsylvania 
and  other  potato-growing  States  will  be 
made  by  the  commission  men  and  buyers, 
but  don’t  you  for  one  minute  believe  the 
crop  is  enormous  in  western  New  York.  It 
is  not  one-half  a  good  average,  crop. 

C.  I. 

“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 

For  Sale— GOLD  COIN  SEED  WHEAT 

('lean,  plump,  productive.  $1.25  a  bushel  in  new 
bags.  C.  R.  MELLEN,  Geneva,  New  York. 


CDIIIT  TDCCC  and  plants  of  all  kinds  at 

iVlUl  I  I  need  Reasonable  Prices.  Send 
for  Price  List.  BASIL  PERRY,  D.  18,  Cool  Spring,  Del 


AN 


OTTO 


ENGINE 

ON  THE 

FARM 


Will  give  you  the  same  satisfaction  as  has 
been  derived  by  over  100,000  Otto  owners 
now  using  them  for  every  conceivable 
power  purpose. 

Here  is  a  one-horse-power  rig  that  you 
can  depend  upon.  It  won’t  go  back  on  you 
in  the  middle  of  the  job.  Water  cooled  ;  sight- 
feed  oilers;  high-grade  material  and  work¬ 
manship  throughout.  Let  it  save  your  back. 
It  will  operate  the  small  machinery  24  hours 
a  day  if  required. 

We  ought  to  know  how.  Been  at  it 
forty-five  years. 

The  OTTO  has  been  awarded  475  medals 
and  diplomas  since  the  first  one  in  1867. 
Such  endorsement  from  the  mechanical 
experts  of  the  world  is  one  proof  of  merit. 

Write  at  once  for  full  description.  Our 
prices  are  right.  OTTO  engines  have  al 
ways  proved  to  be  the  cheapest  in  the  end. 

Be  sure  to  look  over  the  OTTO  line  at 
the  Fairs  this  Fall. 

7  You  will  find  our  exhibit  at  Syracuse, 
Trenton,  Allentown,  Reading,  Williams 
Grove,  Hagerstown,  etc. 

THE  0TT0  GAS  ENGINE  WORKS 

3304  WALNUT  STREET 
PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


Make  Your 
Loading  Easy 


Out  out  the  backache*,  strains  and  raptures  by 
using  low  Empire  Steel  Wheels  for  your  farm 
hauling.  You  can  put  on  a  bigger  load.  Half  the 
work.  Half  the  time.  Save  your  team.  Don’t 
cut  up  your  fields. 

EMPIRE  LOW 
STEEL  WHEELS 

cost  only  one-hal  f  as  much  as  wood¬ 
en  wheels.  They  save  you  tire  cut¬ 
ting  and  repair  expense.  Yoj  can 
change  yonr  wooden  wheels  for  your 
Empire  Steel  Wheels  any  time  in5minute*. 

Send  for  free  catalog  showing  wheels  and 
low-priced  Empire  Bandy  Wagons. 

Empire  Mfg.  Co..  Box  96 M  Quincy,  III. 


APPLE  BARRELS  “{A rt  LOTS  OR 


or  Hoops. 


ESS.  Also  Heads 
ROBT.  GILLIES.  Medina,  N.  Y. 


WE  SELL  FARMS  in  Oceana,  best  Comity  in  U.  S. 

Fruit,  Alfalfa.  Grain. Vegetables,  Stock,  Poul¬ 
try.  J.  D.  S.  HANSON  &  SON,  Hart,  Mich. 

IRfl  FarmQKOK  SAUC  FHKAP,  in  fertile 
IJU  rdllliO  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horace  (l  Rekdjcr,  Nfltvtown,  Pa. 

New  York  State  Farms  “i  Jj 

the  State.  Catalog  free  to  parties  intending  to  buy. 
NORTHERN  REALTY  CO.,  Syracuse,  New  York. 

CADM?  Circular  free.  Dept.  151,  1, elands’ 
I  ntllilO  Karin  Agency,  31  Milk  St.,  Boston 

FAR  ^Al  F-If  yon  want  the  best  farms  for  tbe 
1  Ull  OnLL  money,  send  for  our  large  free  catalog. 
H  A  LL’S  FA  RM  AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.,  N.Y. 

APPI  E  TRFF^ — All  kinds  Trees  and  Plants. 
"*rr,  *■  1  l,Ltv  Prices  reasonable.  Salesmen 
Wanted.  Mitchell’s  Nursery,  Beverly,  Ohio 

2000  Acres  in  Nurseries— 10  Valuable  Farms  For  Sale, 
-  Harrison’s  Nurseries,  Berlin,  Md. 

CATALOG  FREE 

MEYER  & 
SON, 

Bridgeville,  Del. 


Dpnrh  ELBERTA 

r'eacn  The  Besl 


Strawberry  {“°R 


Hyacinths,  Darwin  and  other 
Tulips,  Narcissus  and  Crocus, 
Easter  Lilies  and  hardy  Japan 
and  Native  Lilies.  English, 
Spanish  and  Japan  Iris.  Freesias, 
Calochortus  and  Trilliums,  and  all 
other  Native  and  Foreign  Bulbs 
and  Roots  in  endless  variety. 

The  Largest  Assortment  in  America 

CATALOGUE  NOW  READY 
Mailed  free  for  the  asking 

J.  M.  THORBURN  &  CO. 

33  Barclay  Street  Dept.  Y  New  York 


TDCCC  f  Gy  tbe  Millions.  A  complete  line 
I  r.r.il  1  at  wholesale  prices.  Large  supply 
*  •  of  peach  trees  and  Privet  Hedging. 

The  Westminster  Nursery,  Westminster,  Maryland 

JONES  SEED  WHEAT 

Pure  and  Well  Cleaned.  “St.  Louis  Grand  Prize”  and 
“Red  Wave.”  Two  of  the  best  yielding  and  fly  re¬ 
sisting  wheats  grown.  Send  for  samples  and  prices 

to  J.  N.  McPHERSON,  Pine  View  Farm,  Scottsviile.  N.  Y 


Alfalfa  Clover 

Should  be  sown  during  August  and  Sep¬ 
tember.  We  offer  high  grade  seed  and 
will  send  you  sample  and  prices  on  re¬ 
quest. 

Crimson  Clover 

the  groat  soil  improver;  also  oarlv  green 
food,  graz-ng  and  hay.  Stw.ial eireula'-, 
sample  anti  price  of  seed  ou  request. 

Winter  Vetch 

(Vicia  Villosa 

Valuable  as  a  winter  cover  crop  and  for 
green  manure.  Extremely  burdy.  Write 
for  price.  _ 

Dreer’s  Autumn  Catalog 

Ready  early  in  September  and  mailed  free  to 
all  applicants:  offers  Seeds,  Plants  and  liu.bs 
for  Fall  planting.  Write  for  a  copy. 


HENRY  A.  DREER 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA 


Seed  Wheat  and  Bye 

ST.  LOUIS’  PRIZE,  RED  WAVE  mu>  LEIP’S 
PROLIFIC  WHEAT 

NEW  PITCUS  RYE  A  Very  Superior  New  Variety 

Hairy  Vetch,  Alfalfa  and  Grass  Seeds  of  highest 
grade  at  right  prices.  Pleaso  ask  for  price  i.st. 

JOSEPH  HARRIS  COr,  C0LDWANT|£  yo«k 


C 


DOUBLE  YOUR  INCOME 


> 1 


Alfalfa  makes  Milk,  Beef  and  Pork  at  low 
cost  For  dean  seed,  pulverized  lime  and 
inoculated  soil,  address: 

D.  O.  KiLUFT’MA.lNr 

35  IV.  Phcta.  St.r  York,  Pa. 

SEED  WHEAT.  TIMOTHY  AND  CRASS  SEEDS 


TIMOTHY  SEED  an<!  ;ilsl''°-  both  ne\>  crop, 

llmuini  OkCU  .imj  without  n  singe  weed. 
Also  allalfa,  vetcli  and  crimson  clover 
O.  M.  Scott  &  Son,  1U0  Main  st.,  Marysville.  Ohio. 

GOOD  SEED  WHEAT-SrU'StrN1;, 

that  bring  results— 35  to  48  bushels  per  acre.  Red 
Wave,  Gypsy,  White  Fultz.  Improved  Poole.  Har¬ 
vest  King,  Rudy,  Winter  King  and  Red  Wonder 
Ask  for  our  Special  Wheat  Circular;  it’s  free. 

MACE  &  MANSFIELD,  Greenville,  Ohio 

Tnrro  Ft,H  FALL  PLANTING.  We 

nrr  \  have  the  finest  stands  of  pear,  plum. 
I  ||1_|_0  cherry  ever  grown  in  the  Upper 
Genesee  Valley.  Write  us  today. 

KING  BKOS.  NURSERIES,  Hnnsvilte,  N.Y. 


FRUIT  TREES 

We  are  ready  to  take  orders  for  Fall  Delivery 

for  BLACK’S  QUALITY  TREES. 
.  .  .  Send  for  Booklet  .  .  . 

JOS.  H.  BLACK,  SON  &  CO  .  HIGHTSTOWN,  N.  J. 


I  will  give 


scale  Is  my  patented 
steel  frame  6  Ton  Pitlesa 
Scale.  Full  particulars  by  asking 

“JONES,  he  pays  the  freight,’* 


this  Scale 

free  to  the  subscriber  to  this 
paper  who  will  send 
me  before  Oct.  1st. 
1911,  the  best  short 
article  on  “Why 
should  every  farmer 
have  a  scale.”  The 


20  Tee  St., 
Binghamton,  N.  Y- 


HAVE  YOU 

CONQUERED 
SAN  JOSE  SCALE  ? 


We  guarantee  it  can  be  done  with  "Scalecide”  for  less  money,  with  less  effort,  and  more  effectively  than  with  Lime-Sulfur 

or  anything  else.  Scalecide  may  be  mixed  anywhere,  iu  any  kind  of  a  tank  or  barrel  that  is  clean.  “Scalecide”  does 
not  corrode  the  pumps  or  clog  the  nozzle;  consequently  the  pumps  work  very  much  easier,  with  less  labor  wear  and  tear 

Scalecide  will  not  injure  the  most  delicate  skin,  ~~A - - 1 - ' 

or  injury.  “Scalecide” 

Australia,  because  experiei 
use  of  “Scalecide.”  and  i 
will  bring  you  by  re  tun 

booklet^  scalecide  the  x  ree-rsaver.  n  your  dealer  cannot  suppljr  ocuieciue  we  win  oeuver  it,  to  any 
in  tnej.  nited  States  east  of  the  .Mississippi  and  north, of  the  Ohio  rivers  on  receipt,  of  price  :  50-gal.  hbls 

New  York  City. 


hi  . ;  — -  - . v — r, . . —  ...no  rivers  on  receipt,  of  price  :  50-gal  hills  $25  00  •  30-gal. 

bbls.,  $16.00  :  10-gal.  cans,  $0.75  ;  5-gal.  cans,  $3.75.  Address  :  B.  G.  Pratt  Co.,  50  Church ‘street.  k 


19]  1. 


TTHfcO  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


857 


BOXES  FOR  EASTERN  APPLES. 

Within  recent  years  decided  improve¬ 
ments  have  been  made  in  Eastern  meth¬ 
ods  of  handling  the  commercial  apple 
orchard  and  its  products.  The  result 
has  been  large  quantities  of  choice 
fruit,  as  well  fitted  for  box  packing  as 
that  grown  in  the  West.  The  pictures 
shown  at  Figs.  337,  338,  339  and  340 
are  reproduced  from  Cornell  Bulletin 
298,  which  describes  the  best  methods 


HANDY  PACKING  TABLE.  Fig.  337. 


of  packing  apples  in  boxes.  The  stand¬ 
ard  box  is  lOj^xl  1^2x18  inches  inside 
measurement.  Another  size  conforming 
to  the  standard  package  bill  that  has 
been  before  Congress  for  two  years  is 
lO'/jxlV/ixWyZ,  containing  2,342  cubic 
inches. 

A  handy  packing  table  is  shown  at 
Fig.  337.  The  table  bed  is  3x4  feet, 
covered  with  a  double  layer  of  canvas, 


DIAGONAL  PACK.  Fig.  33s. 


the  top  layer  being  fastened  at  one  end 
only,  so  that  the  packer  can  lift  it  and 
shake  off  any  dirt  or  leaves.  The 
method  of  placing  box  is  shown.  The 
apples  are  usually  graded  before  pack¬ 
ing.  Until  the  operator  gets  experience, 
a  grading  board  is  used.  Beginning 
with  the  smallest  size  the  holes  in  this 
grading  board  are :  2y$  inches  diameter 
for  live-tier  pack;  2j^  for  4j/Ctier;  27g 


OFFSET  AND  SQUARE  PACK.  Fig.  339. 

for  three-tier  pack.  Two  kinds  of  pack 
are  used,  the  diagonal  end  straight. 
Fig.  338  shows  two  boxes  of  diagonal 
pack,  what  are  known  as  3]/2  and  402- 
tier.  At  the  right  of  Fig.  339  is  the 
square  pack,  and  at  left  what  is  called 
the  offset.  The  apples  shown  in  the 
cuts  are  all  wrapped.  This  is  consid¬ 
ered  the  better  plan,  although  some 
growers  think  it  does  not  pay.  The 


paper  for  apples  of  ordinary  size  is  8x10 
inches. 

An  essential  in  box  packing  is  that 
the  center  shall  be  raised  enough  so 
that  when  the  thin  cover  is  put  on  there 
shall  be  a  bulge,  as  shown  in  Fig.  340. 
To  get  this  bulge  large  apples  are  used, 
or  the  apples  are  placed  the  way  they 
will  occupy  the  most  up  and  down 
space. 

Some  varieties  suggested  for  box 
packing  when  well  grown  and  fair  are: 
Spitzenburg,  Spy,  King,  Newtown,  Mc¬ 
Intosh  and  Jonathan. 


The  Curse  of  White  Grubs. 

We  planted  out  about  1,500  strawberry 
plants  this  Spring.  They  were  doing  finely. 
About  half  of  them  are  destroyed  now  by 
what  is  called  the  white  grub.  The  worm 
eats  the  roots  off.  then  the  plant  withers 
and  dies.  We  are  digging  up  the  withered 
plants  and  find  at  the  root  from  one  to  five 
worms;  we  have  killed  over  100  already, 
and  there  are  plenty  more.  Has  anyone 
had  like  experience,  and  is  there  a  cure  or 
prevention?  H.  e.  m. 

Salem,  Ohio. 

Thousands  have  had  “like  experience." 
It  is  one  of  the  most  discouraging  things 
in  strawberry  culture  to  see  the  line  plants 
wither  away  in  August.  The  white  grubs 
work  at  the  roots,  and  usually  you  cannot 
tell  they  are  present  until  the  plants  be¬ 
gin  to  die.  There  is  no  prevention  except 
digging  up  the  plants,  killing  the  grubs 
and  replanting.  Thorough  culture  will  de¬ 
stroy  the  eggs  and  the  young  grubs,  but  the 
old  ones  are  hard  to  get  at.  The  life  his¬ 
tory  of  the  insect  covers  three  or  four 
years,  and  the  only  safe  way  is  to  avoid 
setting  strawberries  ou  soil  liable  to  con¬ 
tain  the  insects.  They  are  usually  found  in 
old  meadows  or  pastures.  When  these  are 
plowed  up  the  grubs  appear  in  the  soil  for 
two  years  or  more.  Thorough  culture  and 
hoeing  during  late  Summer  will  kill  off  the 
new  crop,  but  the  best  treatment  is  to  plow 
the  sod  in  late  Summer  and  turn  a  drove 
of  lively  young  hogs  into  the  field.  We  have 
known  such  hogs  to  dig  more  than  two 
feet  into  the  soil  after  these  insects.  There 
is  no  practical  remedy  when  the  grubs  are 
working  on  strawberry  plants,  except  baud 
digging  and  picking. 

White  Grubs  and  Alfalfa. 

Last  week  I  plowed  up  a  small  piece  of 
Alfalfa  that  had  been  getting  thinner  for 
four  or  live  years,  and  was  none  too  thick 
at  the  start,  though  the  growth  and  yield 
per  plant  were  as  good  as  I  could  ask  for. 
I  found  great  numbers  of  white  grubs  of  all 
sizes,  and  suspect  they  may  have  had  some¬ 
thing  to  do  with  the  thinning  out.  Is  this 
likely,  and  are  they  likely  to'  attack  the 
next  crop  of  Alfalfa  which  I  propose  to 
put  in?  I  am  liming  the  land,  but  I  don't 
expect  it  to  hurt  those  grubs  much.  Is  it 
at  all  likely  that  this  is  the  reason  that 
Alfalfa  gives  place  to  the  grasses  after  the 
first  year,  as  it  often  does  about  here? 

Westchester  Co..  N.  Y.  k.  x.  b. 

We  think  the  white  grubs  are  partly  re¬ 
sponsible  for  the  poor  showing  of  the  Al¬ 
falfa.  We  have  known  them  to  ruin  clover 
and  Timothy  meadows.  We  should  not 
reseed  to  Alfalfa  at  once.  Better  run  some 
hilled  crop  which  can  be  well  cultivated 
both  ways.  This  will  largely  destroy  the 
grubs. 


Pasture  Field,  and  Next  Year’s  Garden. 

I  have  a  field  of  heavy  sod  which  has 
Deen  used  for  pasturage.  Would  it  be  ad¬ 
vantageous  to  plow  under  this  Fall  or  broad¬ 
cast  with  manure  and  plow  under  in  Spring? 
I  intend'  to  use  this  field  for  vegetables  next 
season,  and  want  it  in  good  condition  for 
planting.  J.  u.  u. 

Old  pasture  lands  are  usually  rich,  and  if 
limed  and  well  fitted  make  good  garden  soil. 
The  trouble  is  that  these  pastures  are  full 
of  weeds  aud  old  grass.  This  make  a  nui¬ 
sance  in  garden  culture  and  you  should  kill 
out  all  you  can  of  this  foul  stuff  this  Fall. 
Handle  this  sod  about  as  suggested  for  the 
"Clark  grass"  on  page  783.  Plow  and  tear 
up  with  spring-tooth  or  Cutaway  during 
the  late  Summer  and  Fall  and  harrow  in 
the  manure. 


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«6« 


THE  RURAL,  NEW- YORKER 


August  26, 


A  CASE  OF  RASPBERRY  RUST. 

C.  E.  M.,  Salittbury,  N.  II. — Two  years 
ago  I  set  out  500  raspberry  plants,  and  all 
grew  and  seemed  doing  well  till  midsum¬ 
mer,  when  the  central  row  was  struck  with 
rust.  After  a  while  I  took  those  up,  and 
this  Spring  planted  in  some  from  the  re¬ 
maining  young  stock.  These,  too,  soon  be¬ 
came  infested,  also  most  of  the  500  first 
set  out.  Are  this  year's  new  shoots  likely 
to  be  fit  to  dig  up  and  reset?  What  is  the 
cause  of  the  rust?  Where  I  got  my  plants 
there  is  a  plantation  of  15  years’  growth 
with  no  rust,  nor  do  my  neighbors  within 
10  minutes  walk  have  any. 

Ans. — Rust  on  raspberries  cannot  be 
treated  by  spraying.  Jt  is  caused  by  a 
fungus  that  gets  into  the  young  shoots 
under  ground,  and  grows  up  through 
the  canes,  finally  appearing  on  the 
leaves,  giving  them  the  characteristic 
yellow  tinge.  Plants  that  are  infected 
usually  send  up  more  than  the  normal 
number  of  canes,  and  a  plant  that  ap¬ 
pears  sickly,  with  few  prickles  on  the 
canes,  has  it,  and  it  will  show  up  on 
the  leaves  later.  The  fungus  may  be 
in  the  ground,  it  may  have  come  from 
wild  berry  bushes  growing  nearby,  or  it 
may  have  been  in  the  young  plants  when 
they  were  set  out.  In  the  case  at  hand, 
it  may  have  been  in  the  plantation  of  15 
years’  growth,  but  not  to  show  up  so  as 
to  be  noticed  by  this  inquirer.  A  few  of 
the  plants  he  obtained  there  had  it,  and 
conditions  where  he  planted  them  were 
favorable  for  it  to  break  out.  The  only 
treatment  is  to  cut  out  every  plant  that 
shows  the  least  signs  of  it,  roots  and  all, 
and  burn  them  up.  It  is  very  apt  to 
spread.  Then  keep  the  patch  well  cul¬ 
tivated,  giving  a  chance  for  a  healthy 
growth  in  the  plants  that  are  still  free 
of  the  disease.  Also  cut  out  all  dead 
wood  and  old  canes  in  the  healthy 
plants.  I  have  seen  a  patch  where  rust 
appeared,  and  this  treatment  followed 
with  success,  although  a  large  number  of 
plants  were  cut  out  in  the  process,  and  it 
was  taken  in  hand  immediately  when 
the  disease  showed  up.  It  would  cer¬ 
tainly  not  be  advisable  to  dig  up  the 
new  shoots  from  this  infested  patch  and 
reset  them.  Most  of  them,  as  he  says, 
are  struck  with  it  now.  He  would  bet¬ 
ter  get  healthy  plants  somewhere,  from 
his  neighbors  if  he  can,  and  set  them 
out  on  other  ground,  plow  up  the  old 
bed,  burn  the  plants  and  grow  some¬ 
thing  other  than  berries  on  it  for 
awhile.  This  is  heroic  treatment,  but  it 
is  the  safest  thing  to  do,  and  quite  surely 
the  most  profitable,  m.  k. 


CONNECTICUT  FRUIT  GROWERS  VISIT 
PROFESSOR  HENRY’S  FARM. 

One  of  the  most  valuable  forms  of  farm¬ 
ers’  institute  work  in  Connecticut  is  the 
holding  of  field  meetings  right  on  the  farm 
of  some  successful  fruit  grower  or  dairy¬ 
man.  Such  meetings  afford  the  best  pos¬ 
sible  opportunity  for  studying  and  criticis¬ 
ing  operations  as  they  are  found  in  actual 
practice.  By  invitation  of  the  Connecticut 
Bornological  Society  and  the  owners,  more 
than  600  of  the  best  fruit  growers  in  the 
State  met  at  the  farm  of  Prof.  W.  A.  Henry 
and  son  in  Wallingford  on  August  9,  and 
spent  the  day  in  inspecting  their  50  acres 
set  to  peach,  apple,  sour  cherry  and  plum. 
Professor  Henry’s  work  is  a  valuable  illus¬ 
tration  of  the  successful  use  of  capital  in 
building  up  a  profitable  fruit  farm  when 
the  operations  are  directed  by  the  most  up- 
to-date  scientific  methods.  In  1905  Profes¬ 
sor  Henry  came  to  Connecticut  from  the 
University  of  Wisconsin,  where  he  had 
spent  over  30  years,  having  made  a  special¬ 
ty  of  stock  and  dairy  husbandry.  lie  be¬ 
lieved,  however,  that  the  East  afforded  bet¬ 
ter  opportunities  in  farming  to-day  than 
the  West,  and  he  decided  to  engage  in  fruit 
growing  in  order  to  establish  his  son  in  a 
congenial  and  profitable  industry.  For  the 
first  five  years  the  work  was  mainly  the 
clearing  up  of  an  old  general  purpose  farm 
and  the  planting  and  caring  for  the  trees. 
Most  of  the  higher  ground  was  rough  pas¬ 
ture  and  sprout  land  filled  with  stumps  and 
bowlders.  The  work  of  clearing  and  break¬ 
ing  up  these  fields  was  done  mainly  with 
oxen,  but  dynamite  was  used  tor  the  larger 
rocks.  The  first  peach  orchard  Professor 
Henry  set.  with  his  own  hands,  in  the 
Spring  of  1905,  and  this  orchard  has  given 
three  crops  and  is  now  heavily  loaded  with 
fruit.  Last  year’s  harvest  from  these  nine 
acres  sold  for  over  .$3,500.  Orchards  were 
shown  from  one  year’s  planting  up,  and  the  j 
methods  of  culture,  spraying  and  trimming  I 
were  of  great  interest.  It  was  evident  that  I 
Professor  Henry  did  not  hesitate  to  adopt  j 
new  and  independent  methods  if  he  be-  | 
lieved  they  were  based  on  sound  scientific  I 
principles.  One  orchard  was  set  five  years  i 
ago  on  a  heavy,  rather  wet  soil,  where  i 
good  natural  drainage  was  lacking.  This  I 
area  was  underdrained  with  tile  in  all  of  j 
the  wet  portions,  and  to-day  the  surface 
soil  is  loose  and  friable,  and  the  trees 

seemed  fully  as  vigorous  and  the  crop  just 
as  heavy  as  on  any  of  the  other  orchards. 
The  Ilenrys  have  made  good  profits  in 

growing  the  sour  cherry,  and  have  found 
that  the  large  commission  houses  cannot 
get  enough  of  them.  These  trees  make 
nearly  as  rapid  growth  as  the  peach,  and 
have  been  brought  into  profitable  bearing 
the  fourth  year.  Several  orchards  were 

interplanted  to  peach  and  apple,  and  the 
large  growth  of  the  apple  trees  indicated 
heavy  feeding.  Trees  of  Yellow  Transparent 
and  McIntosh  Red,  five  years  set,  were 


many  of  them  bearing  half  a  bushel  each  of 
choice  fruit.  The  Ilenrys  are  strong  advo¬ 
cates  of  spraying,  and  have  found  Sum¬ 
mer  spraying  ai  both  apple  and  peach  to  be 
safe  and  profitable.  The  self-boiled  8-8-50 
lime-sulphur  mixture  has  been  found  safest 
on  the  peach,  and  the  rich  green,  smooth 
foliage  indicated  no  Injury. 

All  of  the  orchards  are  kept  cultivated  in 
the  early  part  of  the  season,  but  are  all 
seeded  to  some  cover  crop  about  the  middle 
of  July.  This  year,  on  account  of  the 
severe  drought,  the  orchards  were  not  seed¬ 
ed  till  two  or  three  weeks  later  than  usual. 
Clover  is  used  mostly  as  a  cover  crop,  and 
this  year  the  bill  for  clover  seed  alone  was 
over  $300.  The  Ilenrys  believe  this  to  be 
the  cheapest  form  of  nitrogen  they  can 
buy.  Except  for  heavily  bearing  orchards 
no  commercial  nitrogen  is  bought.  Cow 
peas  and  Hairy  vetch  have  been  used  as 
cover  crops,  to  some  extent,  but  the  common 
Red  clover  has  proven  most  valuable.  Pro¬ 
fessor  Henry  said  he  would  not  hesitate  to 
grow  weeds  as  a  cover  crop  if  nothing  bet¬ 
ter  was  available.  In  fact,  weeds  were 
allowed  to  grow  under  all  of  the  larger 
trees,  and  the  cultivation  was  confined  to 
the  areas  between  the  trees.  This  practice 
was  condemned  by  some  of  the  largest 
peach  growers,  who  practice  clean  culture 
right  up  to  the  base  of  the  trees.  Professor 
Henry  believes  that  very  little  injury  re¬ 
sults  from  the  weed  growth  directly  under 
the  trees,  while  it  prevents  injury  to  the 
trunks  of  the  trees  in  cultivating  and  allows 
the  limbs  to  extend  close  to  the  ground, 
making  it  easier  to  spray  and  to  gather  the 
fruit.  Most  of  the  fertilizer  is  applies!  be¬ 
tween  the  rows  of  trees,  and  the  soil  there 
being  warmer  the  feeding  roots  extend 
mainly  beyond  the  line  of  the  branches. 
The  moisture,  food  and  temperature  con¬ 
ditions  are  all  most  favorable  in  the  soil 
areas  beyond  the  line  of  the  branches,  while 
the  roots  beneath  the  trees  are  not  the 
chief  feeding  roots,  and  the  weeds  there 
do  not  seem  to  rob  the  tree  of  much  food 
or  water.  With  young  trees  this  would 
not  be  the  case,  and  these  trees  are  always 
kept  cultivated  close  up  to  the  stems. 

After  a  basket  picnic  lunch  on  the 
grounds  about  the  Henry  homestead,  Pro¬ 
fessor  Henry  welcomed  the  guests,  paying  a 
generous  tribute  to  his  many  friends  and 
neighbors  for  the  helpful  suggestions  he  had 
gained  that  had  been  of  assistance  in  the 
new  enterprise  he  and  his  son  had  started. 
As  a  Western  man  he  said  that  he  felt  in  a 
position  to  point  out  some  of  the  weak¬ 
nesses  in  Eastern  agriculture.  These  he 
covered  under  three  headings ;  first,  lack  of 
faith  in  farming  as  a  business ;  second, 
niggardly  treatment  of  the  soil,  and  third, 
failure  to  make  full  use  of  legumes  as  stock- 
food  and  as  soil  improvers.  Farming,  he 
said,  would  never  prosper  as  it  should,  nor 
attract  our  children  to  remain  on  the  farm 
until  we  had  greater  faith  in  the  possibil¬ 
ities  of  our  soil  and  our  business.  Speak¬ 
ing  of  the  need  of  conserving  the  fertility 
of  our  soil,  he  said  there  was  need  in  the 
East  of  better  tillage,  the  plowing  under 
of  more  green  crops,  especially  the  legumes, 
and  a  more  liberal  use  of  fertilizers.  He 
said  the  pine-acre  orchard  that  yielded  them 
$3,500  in  1910  had  $27  worth  per  acre  of 
commercial  fertilizer.  In  answer  to  a  ques¬ 
tion  whether  stable  manure  could  be  safely 
used  on  peach  trees,  the  younger  Henry 
said  they  had  used  it  on  young  trees,  and 
next  year  planned  to  use  it  on  hearing 
trees. 

Professor  Henry  said  the  most  noticeable 
difference  he  had  seen  between  dairying  in 
Wisconsin  and  in  Connecticut  was  that  th - 
Wisconsin  dairyman  began  the  Winter  with 
a. barn  full  of  clover  hay  and  a  silo  full  of 
nice  corn  silage,  while  many  Connecticut 
farmers  were  still  trying  to  make  milk  main¬ 
ly  from  Timothy  hay.  The  work  of  Pro- 
lessor  Henry  and  his  son  is  especially  valu¬ 
able  as  showing  the  possibilities  in  our 
rough  New  England  farms  when  developed 
by  liberal  capital  directed  by  the  latest 
scientific  teachings,  combined  with  sound 
jusiuess  methods.  When  ask<>d  what  is  the 
farmer  to  do  who  has  but  little  capital,  but 
who  thinks  he  fias  the  necessary  knowl¬ 
edge.  Professor  Henry  said :  “He  can  get 
there,  but  he  s  got  to  go  slower.” 

CHAS.  S.  PHELPS. 


H  YR1 B  ^CONCRETE 
ON  THE  FARM 


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Containing  complete  designs  of  modern  concrete  silos;  daily, 
sheep  and  hog  barns;  garages;  ice,  milk  and  hen  houses;  roov, 
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culverts,  etc.  Sent  Free,  if  you  will  write  us  about  your  proposed 
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Simple  to  use— set  the  Hy-Rib  in  place,  apply  the  cement  and 
the  work  is  complete.  No  centering,  wood  forms  or  special 
equipment  required.  Hy-Rib  greatly  reduces  the  cost  of  all 
concrete  construction.  Write  us  about  your  building  plans  and 
ask  for  free  book  “Hy-Rib  and  Concrete  on  the  Farm.” 

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Pronounced  by  all  to  be  the  best,  simplest  and  most  perfect  mill  and  press 
made. 

These  mills  have  taken  more  first  premiums  than  any  mill  on  the  market. 
The  grinding  apparatus  is  so  made  that  it  does  not  slice  and  cut  the 
fruit  and  leave  it  in  hard  lumps,  but  thoroughly  crushes  and  grates  it, 
so  that  every  fruit-cell  is  broken  and  a  fine  pomace  produced ,  hence 
you  get  more  juice  from  the  same  amount  of  fruit  tlia  any  other  mill. 

THE  FARMERS’  FAVORITE  mills  will  grind  from  6  to  75  bushels 
per  hour— depending  upon  how  hard  you  crowd. 

These  mills  work  on  an  entirely  new  plan,  and  have  greater  grinding 
capacity,  and  are  easier  running  than  any  other  mill  on  the  market. 
We  make  several  sizes  of  Mills  and  Presses,  separate  and  combined. 
Write  ns  this  day  for  prices  and  full  information.  Our  stock  is  com¬ 
plete  and  we  make  prompt  shipments.  W  e  guarantee  entire  satisfaction. 
CUTAWAY  MARROW  CO..  830  Main  St.,  Hlggannm,  Conn, 


INOCULATED  ALFALFA  SOIL 

75  cents  per  hundred,  $10.00  per  ton.  F.  O.  B.  Ash- 
ville,  Pa.  Send  for  FREE  booklet  “  How  to  Brow 
Alfalfa.”  Dr.  H.  SOMERVILLE,  Chest  Springs, 
Cambria  Oonnty,  Pa. 

(CONSULTING  SPECIALIST  in  soil  improve- 
^  ment,  crop  growing,  dairy  husbandry  and  gene¬ 
ral  farm  management.  L.  W.  LIGHTY,  East  Berlin,  Pa. 


I 


30%  MORE  CROPS 

Special  Grass  Seed  Advantages 

Our  free  book  on  cultivation  shows  the  sure  way. 
Think  of  it,  you  intelligent  farmers — 30  per  cent  bigger 
crops— 30  per  centmore  earnings—  For  cow-peas, 
and  even  better  in  dry  seasons.  grain  or  grass  seen 
The  illustration  shows  our  between  the  corn 

HORSE  GUIDED  ^  or  co,ton  rows‘ 


One  Horse 
Drill 


for  general  seeding  and 
intensive  work  between 
corn  rows.  Sows  any  seed. 

5  independen  discs.  The  only  riding  drill, 
does  better  work.  No  weight  on  the  horse.  Pa 
Close  hitch.  Many  other  exclusive  features 
Write  u  s  for  booklet  61. 

The  WM.  FETZER  CO.,  Springfield,  I 


The  New  Schwarzlose 

AUTOMATIC  PISTOL 

“  The  Faultless,”  8  Shots,  repeating.  Imi¬ 
tates  no  other.  New  and  superior  fen tu res. 

Hoot  compact,  lightest,  most  accurate. 

Shoots 32  cal.  Automatic  Cartridge,  obtain¬ 
able  everywhere.  Krupp  Steel  Baircl.  made  by  A.  TV. 
Schwarzlose,  whose  Automatic  arms  are  used  bv  Euro¬ 
pean  armies.  Marvelous  invention  !  Moderate  in  price. 
Ask  dealers  for  it.  Take  no  other.  Send  for 
illustrated  description,  expert  opinions,  etc. 
KIRTLAND  BROS,  k  CO.,  90  Chambers  Street  New  York 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE- 


^ftTlLlZE^ 


.  .  .  MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY  .  .  . 

<Ihe  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Send  for  free  Almanac,  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  “Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


Lime  Dust. 

I  am  preparing  the  ground  (about  one 
acre)  for  Alfalfa.  I  have  been  advised  to 
use  lime  dust,  two  tons  per  acre.  What  do 
you  know  about  lime  dust?  They  sav  it 
does  not  act  as  quickly  as  burnt  lime,  which 
is  in  its  favor,  but  is  more  lasting. 

Boon  ton,  N.  J.  H.  M.  b. 

Use  two  tons  of  lime  dust  or  one  ton 
of  burnt  lime.  The  former  is  simply  finely 
ground  limestone,  while  the  other  is  lime¬ 
stone  burnt  in  a  kiln  and ‘“slaked”  with 
air  or  water.  The  “dost”  or  ground  lime 
will  not  act  as  rapidly  as  the  burnt  lime 
and  for  that  reason  is  better,  since  it  does 
not  destroy  or  break  up  the  organic  matter. 
On  ordinary  soils  it  will  give  good  results. 
On  very  sour  soils  the  burnt  lime  mav  be 
needed  to  sweeten  the  soil  quickly. 


Spend  Your  Vacation  in 

Southern  California 

Amid  the  soft  and  balmy  breezes  of  the 
Pacific,  the  glorious  sunshine,  the  peauti- 
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The  comfortable  way  is  via 

Chicago  &  North  Western 
Union  Pacific 
Salt  Lake  Route 

Electric  Block  Signals 
Excellent  Dining  Cars 

For  literature  and  information  relative  to  fares,  routes,  etc., 

call  on  or  address 


J.  B.  DeFriest,  G.  E.  A., 


287  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


GENUINE  THOMAS  PHOSPHATE  POWDER 


(BASIC  SLAG  MEAL) 

.  .  .  KEY  AND  TREE  BRAND  .  .  . 

THE  BEST  PHOSPHATE  FOR  ALFALFA,  CLOVER  AND  GENERAL  MID-SUMMER  AND  FALL 

All  if  ^  .^Jle  writer  that  combinations  of  basic  slag  meal  and  sulphates  of  potash  are  peculiarly  adapted  to 

All  if  j**e  s^a?  meal  furnishes  not  only  phosphoric  acid,  but  lime,  which  will  help  to  bring  the  soil  into  condition  for 
Alfalfa  and  to  maintain  it  in  that  condition.  Dr.  IV m.  P.  Broods,  Director  Massachusetts  Experiment  Station 

• — In  Massachusetts  Crop  Report  for  July,  1910. 

Prof Alva  Agee,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Agricultural  College,  says : — 

Basic  slag  tends  to  sweeten  sour  land,  and  to  keep  sweet  soils  sweet.  It  favors  clover,  hence  this  paper  has  called 
attention  to  it  for  years.  We  must  have  clover,  and  where  clover  is  failing,  basic  slag,  at  prevailing  prices,  is  the  best 
fertilizer  1  know.’  _ ; _ 

AVOID  SO-CALLED  “BASIC  SLAGS”  OF  DOUBTFUL  ORIGIN  AND  UNCERTAIN  AVAILABILITY 

OUR  GENUINE  THOMAS  PHOSPHATE  POWDER  always  bears  our  Key  and  Tree  Trade  Mark 

You  ought  to  have  the  Information  that  is  in  our  booklet,  “Fall  Cereals  and  Cover  Crops.”  A  copy  is  sent  free  if  you  mention  The  Rural  New-Yorker. 

THE  C0E-M0RTIMER  COMPANY,  51  Chambers  St.,  NEW  YORK  CITY 

_  Sole  Manufacturers  of  the  Celebrated  E.  FRANK  COE  FERTILIZERS  and  PERUVIAN  BRANDS 


USE 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


369 


THE  STORY  OF  LIME. 

“Lime  and  lime  and  no  manure  makes 
both  farm  and  farmer  poor.”  ‘‘Lime 
enriches  the  father,  and  impoverishes 
the  son.”  These  old  proverbs  are  es¬ 
pecially  seasonable  now,  when  so  many 
farmers  are  beginning  the  use  of  lime. 
They  have  made  the  soil  acid  by  the 
continued  use  of  acid  phosphate  (the 
carrier  of  phosphoric  acid  in  commer¬ 
cial  fertilizers),  and  as  clover  refuses 
to  grow  in  an  acid  soil,  they  must  use 
lime  to  sweeten  the  soil  so  that  clover 
will  grow  and  nitrogen  will  be  supplied 
from  the  air.  But  caustic  lime  is  a 
stimulant  and  not  a  plant  food,  hence  if 
used  abundantly  it  is  liable  to  stimulate 
the  soil  for  a  few  years,  so  that  ex¬ 
cellent  crops  are  obtained  for  the  father, 
but  when  the  son  takes  the  farm  the 
plant  food  has  been  depleted ;  even  if 
lime  is  then  applied  the  crop  finds  no 
plant  food  in  the  soil,  and  the  son  is 
impoverished.  This  process  of  deple¬ 
tion  of  plant  food  by  lime  is  but  imper¬ 
fectly  understood,  because  it  is  an  in¬ 
visible,  intangible  work  that  is  going  on 
down  in  the  ground :  but  we  may  illus¬ 
trate  the  process  by  known  facts.  We 
know  that  caustic  lime  applied  to  our 
hands  will  crack  and  burn  them,  and  a 
few  days  of  working  with  bare  hands 
in  lime  will  destroy  the  skin.  Now,  the 
lime  eats  up  humus  in  the  soil  much  in 
the  same  way  that  it  eats  the  skin  off 
the  hands.  It  also  dissolves  phosphates 
and  potassic  materials  in  the  soils,  mak¬ 
ing  the  phosphorus  and  potash  in  the 
soils  available.  Thus  it  supplies  for  a 
few  years  the  three  plant  foods  that  our 
crops  demand,  i.  e.,  nitrogen,  phosphor¬ 
us,  and  potash ;  then  when  the  humus 
has  been  burnt  ...up  and  the  minerals 
have  been  dissolved,  and  nothing  is  left 
in  the  soil  for  the  lime  to  operate  upon, 
the  mischief  is  done  and  the  farm  is 
ruined. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  experiment  sta¬ 
tions  to  tell  the  farmers  fully  and  clearly 
the  benefits  and  the  dangers  from  the 
use  of  caustic  lime,  and  it  is  much 
more  of  the  duty  of  the  soil  owner  to 
find  the  truth  for  himself  by  reasoning, 
reading  and  experiment.  However,  life 
is  so  short  that  I  intend  to  take  the  ad¬ 
vice  of  the  experiment  stations  rather 
than  to  experiment  for  myself.  While 
their  advice  is  in  general  cautious  and 
tentative,  yet  it  preponderates  somewhat 
against  caustic  lime  and  in  favor  of 
non-caustic  lime,  for  the  reasons  given 
above.  Non-caustic  lime  has  all  the 
benefits  of  caustic  lime,  and  yet  none 
of  the  injurious  effects  of  the  caustic 
material.  The  non-caustic  kind  may  be 
used  in  any  amount,  one  ton  or  10  tons 
per  acre,  without  the  slightest  danger 
to  the  soil  or  to  the  crop.  It  corrects 
soil  acidity  as  well  as  caustic  lime,  and 
it  does  not  destroy  humus,  nor  dissolve 
the  mineral  elements.  This  may  be  re¬ 
peated  and  emphasized  without  being 
too  strongly  stated.  A  'on-caustic  lime 
has  all  the  benefits  and  none  of  the  dan¬ 
gers  of  caustic  lime. 

What  is  meant  by  caustic  and  by  non¬ 
caustic  lime?  Caustic  -lime  is  simply 
burnt  lime,  or  slaked  lime;  non-caustic 
lime  is  raw  limestone,  crushed  and 
ground  to  a  fine  powder.  Caustic  lime 
is  burnt,  non-caustic  lime  is  not  burnt. 
Again,  what  are  we  to  pay  for  the  non¬ 
caustic  lime?  The  Southern  Illinois 
Penitentiary  at  Maynard  sells  it  at  60 
to  75  cents  a  ton,  but  we  are  too  far 
from  Maynard  to  take  advantage  of 
that  cheap  source  of  lime.  Ohio,  Penn¬ 
sylvania  and  New  York  all  have  several 
limestone  mills  which  grind  the  stone  to 
a  powder  and  sell  it  in  bulk  or  in  bags 
at  $1.25  to  $2.75  a  ton.  In  general  it 
may  be  stated  that  non-caustic  should  be 
sold  at  half  the  price  of  caustic  lime, 
since  there  is  only  half  as  much  calcium 
(or  soil  sweetener)  in  it  as  there  is  in 
caustic  lime.  So,  if  we  are  paying  $2.50, 
$3  or  $4  per  ton  for  burnt  (or  caustic) 
lime,  we  ought  to  buy  unburnt  (or  non¬ 


caustic)  lime  flour  for  $1.25,  $1.50  or 
$2  respectively.  Finally,  if  we  farmers 
will  all  buy  our  raw  fertilizer  materials 
unmixed,  using  floats  instead  of  acid 
phosphate,  then  mix  these  materials  at 
home  on  our  own  barn  floor,  we  will 
save  $10  a  ton  on  their  cost ;  we  will 
make  from  $10  to  $25  a  day  in  wages 
while  mixing  the  materials,  and,  best  of 
all,  we  will  not  sour  the  soil  with  the 
sulphuric  acid  that  is  in  acid  phosphate, 
and  so  the  use  of  any  form  of  lime  will 
not  be  so  imperative,  and  the  son  as 
well  as  the  father  may  be  enriched. 

Pennsylvania.  j.  c.  m.  johxston. 


VITALITY  OF  SEED  CORN. 

Your  recent  article  regarding  seed 
corn  opens  up  a  question  that  will  stand 
a  good  deal  of  investigation.  Not  only 
on  the  question  of  “true  to  name,”  but 
the  percentage  of  such  seed  that  will 
grow.  Last  Spring,  early,  I  ordered  my 
seed  corn  from  one  of  our  reliable  seed 
growers,  from  whom  I  had  had  seed 
for  some  years,  and  had  always  con¬ 
sidered  it  fit  to  plant  without  testing. 

I  did  not  look  at  this  corn  until  it 
was  brought  from  the  attic  in  the  house 
where  all  such  seed  is  stored,  until  it 
was  time  to  plant.  After  most  of  it 
had  been  treated  with  tar  for  the  benefit 
of  the  crows  a  sample  was  shown  me 
which  was  decidedly  mouldy.  Not  hav¬ 
ing  time  to  order  new  seed  from  the 
dealer,  the  field  was  planted  with  seed 
from  our  neighbor’s  crib.  It  seems  that 
every  kernel  grew,  as  we  have  a  perfect 
stand.  I  wrote  the  seed  grower  arid 
inclose  the  answer  received.  Their  ex-  j 
perience  is  contrary  to  my  own,  and  I 
believe  to  that  of  most  farmers.  You 
see  they  claim  a  germinating  test  of 
94  to  98%.  This  seed  was  tested  and 
showed  less  than  60%  under  the  most 
favorable  circumstances.  Planted  in  the 
field  less  than  50%  would  have  grown. 
Have  the  readers  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  ever 
had  seed'  corn  lose  in  vitality,  as  this 
grower  indicates?  If  so,  is  there  any 
way  to  prevent  it?  c.  i.  hunt. 

Livingston  Co.,  N.  Y. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  man  who  sold  the  seed 
promptly  agreed  to  refund  the  money  I 
paid  for  it  on  shipment  to  him.  His 
note,  to  which  Mr.  Hunt  refers,  is  as 
follows : 

We  have  made  a  number  of  tests  of  corn 
and  nothing  has  been  sent  out  that  showed 
90  per  cent  and  most  of  it  tested  from  94 
to  98  per  cent.  It  is  a  well-known  fact 
among  all  seedsmen  that  corn  testing  well 
during  the  Winter  and  early  Spring  will 
upon  the  approach  of  extremely  hot 
weather  lose  vitality  and  we  have  'mown 
seed  corn  to  test  95  per  cent  April  firsT 
to  test  as  low  as  50  per  cent  .Tune  first, 
even  though  it  has  been  stored  under  favor¬ 
able  conditions. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“sejuare  deal.  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

get  power 

The  Supply  Comes  From  Food. 


If  we  get  power  from  food  why  not 
strive  to  get  all  the  power  we  can.  That 
is  only  possible  by  use  of  skilfully  se¬ 
lected"  food  that  exactly  fits  the  require¬ 
ments  of  the  body. 

Poor  fuel  makes  a  poor  lire  and  a 
poor  fire  is  not  a  good  steam  producer. 

“From  not  knowing  how  to  select  the 
right  food  to  fit  my  needs,  I  suffered 
grievously  for  a  long  time  from  stomach 
troubles’”  writes  a"  lady  from  a  little 
town  in  Missouri. 

“It  seemed  as  if  I  would  never  be 
able  to  find  out  the  sort  of  food  that 
was  best  for  me.  Hardly  anything  that 
I  could  eat  would  stay  on  my  stom¬ 
ach.  Every  attempt  gave  me  heartburn 
and  filled  my  stomach  with  gas.  I  got 
thinner  and  thinner  until  I  literally  be¬ 
came  a  living  skeleton  and  in  time,  was 
compelled  to  keep  to  my  bed. 

'  “A  few  months  ago  I  was  persuaded  to 
try  Grape-Nuts  food,  and  it  had  such 
good  effect  from  the  very  beginning 
that  I  have  kept  up  its  use  ever  since.  I 
was  surprised  at  the  ease  with  which 
I  digested  it.  It  proved  to  be  just  what 
I  needed. 

“All  my  unpleasant  symptoms,  the 
heartburn,  the  inflated  feeling  which 
gave  me  so  much  pain  disappeared. 
My  weight  gradually  increased  from  98 
to  116  pounds,  my  figure  rounded  out, 
my  strength  came  back,  and  I  am  now 
able  to  do  my  housework  and  enjoy  it. 
Grape-Nuts  food  did  it.”  Name  given 
by  Postum  Co.,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

A  ten  days’  trial  will  show  anyone 
some  facts  about  food. 

Read  the  little  book.  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs.  “There’s  a  reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  cure  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


1 


Chalmers  “30”  Touring  Car, 
5-Passenger, — $1500 

Includin' *  magneto,  Prest-O-Lite  tank, 
gas  lamps,  oil  tamps,  top,  windshield, 
ventilated  fore-doors,  horn,  tools 


“Guaranteed  Sound” 


WHEN  you  go  to  a  horse 
market,  ask  the  price  of 
a  horse,  and  a  reputable  dealer 
replies,  “$200  and  guaranteed 
sound,”  you  know  that  with 
this  statement  he  guarantees 

the  horse  to  have  good  eyes,  good 
ears,  good  hoofs,  sound  bones,  and 
to  be  free  of  disease. 

“Guaranteed  sound”  really  goes 
back  of  the  horse  as  he  stands  be¬ 
fore  you,  to  the  sires  and  dams  that 
have  preceded  him  and  to  the  train¬ 
ing  and  care  that  he  has  had. 

Every  Chalmers  car  is  guaranteed 
sound  —  guaranteed  in  every  part 
and  particle.  We  not  only  guaran¬ 
tee  it  to  be  sound  the  day  it  is 
delivered ;  we  guarantee  a  sound 
record  behind  every  Chalmers  car 
preceeding  it;  we  guarantee  it  to 
keep  sound;  we  guarantee  service. 

The  Chalmers  car  is  a  champion; 
a  car  with  a  pedigree.  A  car  of 
performance — 15,000  satisfied  own¬ 
ers  prove  this. 

It’s  when  you  get  down 
under  the  hood  to  the  heart 
of  things  that  the  Chalmers 
guarantee  means  most.  The 
Chalmers  motor  has  been 
the  wonder  of  the  automo¬ 
bile  world  ever  since  this  car 
appearedonthe  market;such 


This  monogram  on'  the 
radiator  stands  for  all 
jou  can  ask  m  a  motor  car 


remarkable  power  in  proportion  to 
weight,  such  smoothness  and  quiet¬ 
ness,  such  reliability  and  economy 
had  never  been  known  before. 

The  Chalmers  “30”  this  year  is 
offered  fully  equipped,  for  $1500. 
Last  year  this  car  sold  for  $1750 
equipped  with  magneto,  gas  lamps, 
top  and  windshield. 

This  year,  refined,  and  improved 
in  every  possible  way, with  thorough¬ 
ly  ventilated  fore-door  bodies,  inside 
control,  magneto,  gas  lamps,  Prest- 
O-Lite  tank,  and  including  also 
Chalmers  mohair  top  and  windshield 

—  $1500!  It  is  the  big  motor  car 
bargain  for  the  1912  season. 

Every  farmer  knows  that  it  is  best 
in  the  end  to  buy  good  machinery. 
It  is  worthwhile  to  pay  a  little  extra 
price  in  order  to  be  certain  that  you 
get  a  good  machine  in  the  first  place 

—  one  guaranteed  by  a  company 
able  to  make  good  every  promise. 

1 

We  make  also  the  Chalmers 
“Thirty-six”— $  1800 — a  car  of  greater 
size  and  power,  including  Bosch  dual 
ignition,  self-starter,  Conti¬ 
nental  demountable  rims 
arid  many  other  high-grade 
features. 

A  postal  card  will  bring 
you  our  new  catalog  and 
the  name  of  dealer  nearest 
you.  We  shall  be  very  glad 
to  hear  from  you. 


Qtalmers  Motor  Company,  Detroit,  Mich. 


ii 


The 
Mod 
Wagon 


OUR  BOOKLET 

When  the  Going  is  Hard 

Contains  information  that  is  well  worth  your 
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THE  Pi  U  KAL  NEW-YORKER 


August  20,  • 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


A  Doctor  Hunt. — I  came  home  Monday 
night  to  find  an  anxious  group  at  the  barn. 
Almost  without  warning  the  old  mare  Nel¬ 
lie  Bly  had  gone  wrong.  Her  throat  was 
swelling  and  all  along  the  neck  there  were 
lumps  and  pulls  forming.  She  stood  with 
her  head  down — coughing  now  and  then. 
It  was  getting  dark  and  we  could  not  see 
very  well,  but  it  looked  like  a  case  of 
quinsy  or  sore  throat — though  how  the  old 
horse  could  get  it  in  August  was  too  much 
for  me.  There  is  no  use  for  an  amateur 
to  fool  with  a  sick  horse,  so,  after  supper, 
I  started  over  the  hills  for  the  veterinarian. 
The  shortest  way  is  up  the  hills  through 
our  orchard  and  across  the  ridge  through 
the  woods.  The  three  little  boys  wanted 
to  go.  They  were  barefooted  and  tired,  but 
they  trotted  after.  I  carried  a  lantern,  for 
twilight  darkens  rapidly  in  the  hill  coun¬ 
try.  By  the  time  we  reached  the  peach 
orchard  the  little  redhead  was  “done.”  His 
feet  had  been  scratched  by  briers,  and  he 
had  hit  his  toe  on  a  stone.  There  were 
still  long  and  weary  steps  ahead.  It  was 
too  dark  to  find  his  way  home.  It  was  a 
solemn  group  of  little  boys  that  gathered 
about  me  for  a  conference.  We  were  just 
at  the  edge  of  the  woods,  and  they  did 
look  black  and  dismal.  At  50  you  know 
that  there  has  not  been  a  wolf  or  a  bear 
or  a  wild  man  or  a  savage  in  northern  New 
Jersey  for  many  years,  but  at  five  and 
eight  every  bush  and  tree  may  harbor  them 
all.  I  finally  took  little  redhead  on  my 
back  and  started  ahead  with  the  others 
at  my  heels.  It  was  dark  in  those  woods, 
aand  the  boys  had  50  thrills  before  we  got 
through  and  saw  the  light  in  the  farm¬ 
house.  But  the  doctor  had  gone  away ! 
There  was  nothing  for  us  but  to  walk  back 
home.  So,  after  a  rest,  we  started  the 

long  way  by  the  road,  for  the  little  bare 
feet  would  have  been  badly  torn  by  briars 
in  tlie  dark.  We  got  on  well — -stopping  at 
several  bridges  to  rest  and  let  the  boys 
tell  of  the  great  things  they  expect  to  do 
when  they  “run  the  farm.”  When  they  got 
home  they  were  hungry,  and  shredded 
wheat  and  milk  made  a  good  nightcap  aiid 
balm  for  scratched  feet. 

The  Sick  Horse. — But  what  about  poor 
Nellie?  Philip  and  I  rubbed  her  neck  with 
liniment  and  put  a  cloth  around  it.  In 
the  case  of  homeopathic  remedies  we 
found  what  seemed  to  be  the  specific  and 
dosed  the  old  horse  and  made  her  comfort¬ 
able  for  the  night.  In  the  morning  she 
was  worse,  coughing  and  frothing,  unable 
to  eat  or  drink  and  growing  feeble.  We 
finally  got  two  doctors  and  they  agreed 
that  it  was  a  case  where  feed  had  collected 
far  down  past  the  throat  and  stopped  the 
passage.  They  cut  the  lower  part  of  the 
neck  open,  but  the  obstruction  was  far 
below  in  the  breast,  where  they  could  not 
reach  it.  The  throat  and  breast  had 
swelled  in  a  frightful  manner  and  the  poor 
horse  was  a  pitiful  object.  She  had  gobbled 
her  food  too  fast.  Both  doctors  advised 
me  to  kill  the  horse,  as  the  chances  for 
recovery  were  remote-  I  told  them  to 
operate  if  there  was  any  chance.  They  ad¬ 
vised  against  it,  for  the  horse  was  too  old 
and  the  weather  too  hot. 

I  stood  and  looked  at  the  old  mare  and 
remembered  how  she  had  been  a  part  of 
our  long  struggle  for  the  farm.  She  had 
been  nervous  and  foolish,  yet  through  all 
these  years  she  had  been  faithful  and  had 
done  her  part.  It  seemed  like  a  shame  to 
kill  the  poor  brute  when  there  was  any 
chance  for  her.  So  rather  against  the 
advice  of  the  doctors  we  decided  to  try  to 
save  her.  There  was  nothing  to  do  but 
make  her  comfortable  and  let  nature  take 
the  only  chance.  I  had  a  feeling  that  the 
horse  would  rally,  but  that  is  a  poor  thing 
to  put  up  against  expert  opinion.  How¬ 
ever.  about  nine  at  night  Philip  came  and 
reported  that  the  horse  had  been  able  to 
drink  half  a  pail  of  water.  That  was  the 
most  encouraging  thing  we  had  yet  heard. 
We  kept  at  her,  offering  water  and  green 
grass  or  weeds  from  time  to  time.  If  we 
could  get  her  to  swallow  a  little  and  keep 
up  her  strength  there  was  a  chance.  Next 
morning  she  ate  some  bran  gruel  and  then 
she  kept  on  improving.  The  swelling  at  her 
neck  and  throat  is  going  down  and  the 
wound  is  healing.  She  bids  fair  to  re¬ 
cover. 

They  tell  me  such  cases  are  not  uncom¬ 
mon.  I  read  not  long  ago  of  a  man  who 
gobbled  down  his  dinner  and  got  a  piece  of 
meat  stuck  out  of  place  somewhere  in  his 
breast.  He  died.  Sometimes  when  the 
children  are  hungry  and  play  is  calling 
them  I  wonder  that  they  are  not  choked. 

I  presume  that  working  a  horse  in  a  tight- 
fitting  collar  would  lead  to  it,  or  feeding 
very  dry  and  light  ground  feed  without 
watering  before  feeding.  We  have  had 
cows  choke  on  apples  or  roots  and  crushed 
the  obstruction  with  a  mallet  and  a  block 
of  wood,  hut  when  the  trouble  is  beyond 
th»  shoulders  there  is  small  hope  for  re¬ 
covery.  At  any  rate,  Nellie  is  in  a  fair 
way  to  get  well.  I  think  the  cut  in  the 
lower  part  of  the  neck  helped  by  relieving 
the  pressure. 

Farm  Notes. — The  drought  became  a 
calamity.  I  hoped  there  was  moisture 
enough  in  the  ground  to  mature  the  early 
peaches  to  full  size.  The  hot,  dry  winds 
took  the  water  faster  than  I  thought  pos¬ 
sible.  and  many  peaches  were  undersized 
in  spite  of  all  we  could  do.  They  are  well 
colored  and  flavored,  but  are  too  small.  The 
later  varieties  are  better,  and  with  one 
soaking  rain  they  will  be  large  enough. 
The  continued  drought  now  through  three 
seasons  has  driven  some  of  our  farmers 
practically  out  of  business.  They  depend 


on  fertilizers  for  plant  food,  but  this  hot, 
dry  soil  will  not  produce  the  crops  and 
fertilizer  bills  and  taxes  cannot  be  paid. 
I  presume  we  shall  have  a  series  of  wet 
seasons  following  this  scourge,  but  it  is 
driving  us  to  irrigation.  We  must  have  a 
water  supply  of  some  sort  if  these  dry 
Summers  are  to  continue.  I  am  thinking 
of  putting  a  tank  somewhat  like  a  cement 
or  block  silo  on  a  little  mound  on  the 
lower  part  of  the  farm.  I  would  put  a 
gasoline  pump  under  the  present  windmill 
and  be  prepared  to  use  either  power  as 
needed.  Then  1  would  keep  the  big  tank 
tilled  for  a  dry  time  and  let  the  water  out 
as  desired.  Our  people  must  come  to  some¬ 
thing  of  the  sort  before  long,  or  see  our 
crops  and  trees  dry  up  Summer  after  Sum¬ 
mer.  I  notice  many  trees  in  this  country 
which  clearly  show  the  effects  of  the 
drought.  We  have  got  to  water  them  as 
"'dl  as  feed  them,  on  these  thin  hills  where 
there  is  only  a  steak  of  soil  above  the 
rocks.  This  dry  weather  is  bad  for  the 
potted  strawberry  plants,  yet  the  big  par¬ 
ent  plants  keep  the  runners  going  and  we 
have  been  able  to  keep  our  orders  running. 
1  find  that  most  people  who  buy  these 
plants  expect  too  much  from  them.  I  do 
not  care  what  the  nurserymen  say,  you 
cannot  hope  for  anything  like  a  full  crop 
next  Spring.  If  you  get  one  spray  of  fruit 
you  will  do  well.  We  have  found  that 
potted  plants  set  in  August  or  September 
will  winter  better  than  layer  plants.  I 
put  up  no  particular  argument  at  all  ex¬ 
cept  to  say  that  the  potted  plants  will 
live  if  you  give  them  a  fair  show,  and 
that  they  give  one  a  good  chance  to  start 
with  high-priced  or  superior  varieties. 

.  .  .  How  the  apples  can  make  any  size 

in  this  dried-out  soil  is  more  than  I  can 
imagine.  When  we  dig  into  it  there  is 
no  evidence  of  moisture,  yet  some  of  our 
eight-year  Twenty  Ounce  trees  have  apples 
as  large  as  the  baby’s  head.  I  suppose  it 
is  true  that  a  tree's  roots  can  beat  a  man's 
eye  at  detecting  moisture.  It  must  be  so, 
for  here  are  the  big  apples  to  prove  it. 
Wealthy  is  another  variety  which  seems 
to  me  like  a  camel.  Our  little  trees  on  the 
dry  hilltop  are  loaded  so  that  the  branches 
touch  the  ground.  Vet  the  fruit  is  large 
and  high-colored.  The  only  trees  that 
match  them  are  two  which  are  top-worked 
on  natural  seedlings.  These  at  seven  years 
from  the  graft  are  loaded  to  the  ground 
with  beautiful  fruit.  They  have  never 
been  cultivated — just  the  brush  cut  and 
piled  around  the  trees.  This  convinces  me 
that  the  natural  seedlings  in  their  hard 
struggle  for  life  develop  a  root  system 
which  is  far  superior  to  that  of  most 
trees  which  you  get  from  the  nursery. 
When  you  top-work  one  of  these  old 
hustlers  and  can  let  them  stand  without 
disturbance  you  will  have  a  great  tree. 
And  this  leads  to  the  following  question  : 

“I  have  about  a  hundred  small  natural 
fruit  apple  trees  on  my  farm.  T)>o«  arc 
from  three  to  five  feet  high  and,  in  many 
cases,  too  close  together.  Will  you  teil 
me  whether  it  would  be  advisable  to  graft 
them  before  transnlanting  or  not ;  also, 
whether  they  are  too  small  to  graft?” 
Maine.  v.  f. 

From  our  experience  we  would  if  possible 
pick  out  seedlings  which  stand  in  line  at 
reasonably  even  distances  apart  and  graft 
them  without  digging.  We  would  dig  up 
the  others  and  cut  off  the  roots,  packing 
them  so  they  would  keep  through  the  Win¬ 
ter.  About  January  root-graft  them  with 
good  scions  taken  from  the  best  bearing 
trees,  and  in  the  Spring  plant  these  root 
grafts.  It  would  be  better  to  put  them  in 
a  nursery  row  and  give  them  good  care 
before  transplanting  in  the  orchard.  We 
have  found  the  root-grafted  trees  superior 
to  trees  grafted  on  the  sprout  and  then 
dug  up. 

While  we  are  on  the  apple  problem  sup¬ 
pose  we  take  up  the  following : 

“Does  it  pay  better  to  feed  ray  eight 
pigs  the  dropped  apples,  or  sell  these  to 
the  cider  mill  at  40  cents  per  barrel  and 
buy  feed  for  the  money  at  $1.50  per  100 
pounds?”  g.  K. 

,  Feed  the  apples  to  the  pigs  and  keep  far 
away  from  the  cider  mill.  I  presume  you 
mean  the  drops  of  Fall  or  Winter  apples — 
the  early  fruit  will  not  make  good  cider 
anyway.  Apples  do  not  have  a  high  feed¬ 
ing  value,  but  when  fed  with  grain  and 
other  fodder  help  in  digestion.  The  boy 
is  trying  this.  The  dry  weather  has  hurt 
his  acre  of  potatoes,  so  to  help  out  his 
college  expenses  he  bought  two  good  pigs 
and  is  stuffing  them  on  cheap  feed.  Small 
potatoes  boiled,  windfall  apples,  weeds' 
and  kitchen  wastes  and  some  grain  are 
making  these  pigs  into  black  beauties.  It 
is  surprising  how  much  pork  you  can  make 
out  of  the  wastes  on  a  farm  if  you  handle 
them  with  judgment.  The  boy  has  no 
objection  to  going  through  college  with 
Billy  Berkshire  and  his  partner  to  help. 
The  hog  has  some*  noble  qualities  after 
all,  for  he  can  help  advance  the  cause  of 
education. 

Farm  Partnership  Terms.— I  never 
knew  the  time  when  so  many  farm  part¬ 
nerships  were  on  the  carpet.  As  a  rule 
it  is  a  combination  of  labor  and  capital, 
and  labor  wants  to  know  what  it  should 
receive.  Here  is  a  case : 

“A  farmer  wishes  to  employ  me  on  his 
farm  under  the  following  conditions :  I 
to  grow  on  shares  two  or  more  acres  of 
small  fruits,  grapes,  strawberries,  rasp¬ 
berries  and  blackberries,  he  to  furnish  the 
land,  the  team,  tools,  house  (not  a  good 
one)  to  live  in,  a  garden  plot  free,  and 

fuel.  When  I  am  not  engaged  on  this 

work  I  am  to  work  for  him  for  a  money 
salary  at  the  rate  of  $20  or  more  per 

month.  All  of  the  conditions  above  be¬ 
ginning  with  the  house  were  offered  me  at 
first,  and  later  the  small  fruit  deal  was 

attached  to  the  offer.  Under  the  above 
conditions,  what  share  should  I  receive 
of  the  fruit?  I  to  do  all  of  the  work,  he 
to  furnish  the  manure,  bone  meal  and 
other  fertilizers,  the  plants  to  set  the 
plot,  the  necessary  trellis  wire  and  posts. 
Who  should  furnish  the  baskets  and  crates, 
the  spray  material,  straw  for  Winter  pro¬ 
tection,  etc.  ?” 

I  do  not  know  the  men  or  the  farm,  or 
any  of  the  details.  The  human  nature 
side  is  all  left  out.  I  should  consider 
such  a  deal  a  sort  of  business  triangle. 
The  land  and  house  would  represent  one 
side,  the  fertilizer,  tools  and  plants  an¬ 
other,  and  the  labor  the  third.  I  should, 
under  such  condition  think  one-third  of 
the  crop  a  fair  share  for  the  workman. 
The  other  arrangement  would  complicate 
it  somewhat,  but  I  call  the  one  and  two- 
thirds  division  fair.  h.  w.  c. 


NGINE 


■ES 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Double  the  Life 
of  That  Barn 

Conservation  is  a  national 
movement  that  is  attracting 
the  attention  of  the  American 
people. 

Conservation  of  natural  re¬ 
sources,  of  public  works,  of 
wealth  in  every  form. 

Conservation  is  only  an¬ 
other  name  for  economy. 

Follow  this  movement  by 
conserving  your  own  proper¬ 
ty.  Do  not  let  your  barns 
and  other  buildings  rot  for 
want  of  paint. 

MOORE’S 

Roof  and  Barn  Paints 

represent  the  highest  quality  in  paints. 

Moore’s  House  Colors  are  economical 
to  use.  They  cost  less  than  any  other 
high-grade  paints. 

Be  sure  to  ask  your  dealer  for  Moore’s 
Paints— ready  to  use— and  marked  plainly 
on  the  package  “Benjamin  Moore  & 
Co.”  with  our  trade  mark.  If  your 
dealer  cannot  supply  you,  write  to  our 
nearest  office. 

Moore’s  Paints  and  Varnishes 
For  Every  Purpose 

And  you  should  know  all  about  Muresco, 
our  artistic  wall  finish.  Write  for  liter¬ 
ature  describing  Muresco,  and  showing 
how  it  is  used. 

BENJAMIN  MOORE  &  CO. 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Carteret.  N.  J. 

Cleveland,  O.  Toronto,  Can. 

Chicago,  III. 


W  ater— W  ater— W  ater 

Just  when  you  want  it,  independent 
of  wind  or  weather,  if  you  have  a 

“Jack  Junior”  Gasoline  Engine 

and  Handy  Pump  Jack 


The  combination  is  just  right  for  farm 
pumping.  Gives  the  stock  plenty  of  cool, 
fresh  water,  waters  the  garden  and  supplies  a 
reliable  water  system  for  the  home  and  dairy. 

This  outfit  will  work  any  ordinary  wind¬ 
mill  pump  to  its  full  capacity.  1,000  gallons 
per  hour  >n  a  moderate  lift  is  easy  with  this 
outfit  if  your  pump  has  that  capacity. 

The  Handy  Pump  Jack  can  be  easily  at¬ 
tached  to  any  windmill  pump.  It  Is  back-geared, 
strongly  built  and  has  tight  and  loose  pulleys. 

The  Jack  Junior  is  a  four  cycle,  water  cooled 
Oasolme  Engine:  simple  design,  strong  and  dur¬ 
able,  and  guaranteed  to  develop  full  one  horse 
power.  It  is  a  perfect,  practical  engine  for  gen¬ 
eral  farm  work  and  will  run  any  of  the  hand  or 
foot  power  machinery. 

Send  for  full  information  given  in  free 
Catalog  No.  PR  5!}  8 

F airbanks,  Morse  &  Co. 

Chicago  New  York 


Lowest  Cost — Best  Service 

NO  matter  what  your  power  needs 
write  at  once, for  the  Leffel 
Free  Booktelisalifacts 
about  engines.  Got  posted 
on  what's  what  in  tho power 
world.  Don't  make  a  mistake. 

Buy  right  the/irst  time.  Thou¬ 
sands  of  Leffel  engines  are  dis¬ 
placing  gasoline  engines  be¬ 
cause  they  are  more  depend¬ 
able-more  simple— more  dur¬ 
able  ana  more  economical.  Let 
us  prove  it  to  you. 

LEFFEL  $ 

Steam  Engines 

work  harder  at  less  cost  than 

any  other  engine  you  could  _ 

buy.  Made  to  run  any  machine  on  your  farm.  Burnsl 
any  old  wood  or  rubbish  around  the  place  for  fuel. 
WRITE  FOR  FREE  BOOK  Don’t  decide  on  your 
engine  before  you  get  the  Leffel  Book  that  tells 
all  the  facts  about  Gasoline  and  Steam  power 
outfits  and  their  relative  value  to  you.  Don’t 
wait — write  postal  now.  Address 

James  Leffel  &  Company 
.Box  264,  Springfield,  Ohio,. 


WE  PAY' 

THE 

FREIGHT 


THE  ENGINE  THAT  WILL 
GIVE  YOU  NO  TROUBLE 

mnevn  is  the  only  engine  built, 
If  C  I  U  without  packing.  You 
can  never  have  blow-outs  or  leaks. 
Fewer  working  parts  than  any  other 
engine.  Built  only  in  two  sizes 
— 2)4  and  3)4  H.P.  The  strongest 
engine  built.  Write  for  bulletin  10-B 
and  receive  a  handsome  watch  fob  free. 

DEYO-MACEY  ENGINE  CO. 

BINGHAMTON,  NEW  YORK 
Manufacturer,  ol  DEYO  POWER  SPRAYERS 


gasoline,  distillate,  any  fuel  oil,  perfectly — without  change 

Cheapest,  Safest,  Simplest 

POWER 

for  barn  work,  house  work,  mill  work,  dairy  work,  well 
work,  spraying,  sawing,  irrigation,  electric  lights,  pumping. 

Astonishing  success.  More  power  gallon  for  gallon.  Hun¬ 
dred  less  parts.  Patent throttlo  gives  three  engines  for  the 
price  of  one.  Catalog  free— tells  how . 

Double  duty  tank  revolutionizes  cooling 
systems.  Force  feed  lubricator — per¬ 
fect  oiling.  Automobile  muffler. 

Ball  bearing  governor.  Starts  in¬ 
stantly.  No  pre-heating.  No 
crank  Experience  unnec* 
essary  Women  can  oper- 
tate.  Vibration  elimina- 
ed.  Quality  high — prico 
low.  Comes  complete. 

Always  hungry  for 
work — and  thrives  on  it. 

FREE  TRIAL. 

No  obligation  till  satis- 
tied.  10-year  guarantee. 

"Engine  Facts  free 
write  for  it  MOW. 

Ellis  Engine  Co., 

51  Mulletl  SI.,  DETROIT,  MICH 


Astounding  Profits  Made  by 
Owners  of  New  Hay 


The  New  Sandwich  Motor  Press — a 
combination  All-Steel  Hay  Press  and 
Gasoline  Engine- 
makes  hay  baling  a  most 
profitable  business. 

Pays  £10  a  day  profit  on 
a  few  hundred  dollars 
Invested.  Demands  no 
previous  experience;  does  not  take 
away  from  your  home  county;  leaves  ’ 
free  to  do  what  you  please  during 
spring  and  early  summer  months!  It’s  worth  something,  too,  to  be  one’s  own  boss. 

Sandwich  All-Steel  Motor  Press 


you 


you 


the 


The  secret  of  big  profits  in  hay  baling  is 
big  tonnage.  In  the  Sandwich  Motor  Press 
you  get  a  high-class,  big-capacity  outfit,  yet  it 
is  low-priced. 

It  is  complete  and  compact.  Easy  to  move, 
always  ready  tor  work— no  setting  up  engine. 
Chain  drive.  No  belts  to  adjust,  or  lose 
power.  Easy  to  start  or  stop  press  instantly. 
Substantial  construction.  Steel  press— axles, 
wheels  and  platforms  reinforced  throughout 
7  H.  P.  hopper-cooled  engine.  Tank  under¬ 
neath.  Equipped  with  batteries  and  mag¬ 
neto,  combination  seat,  battery  and  tool  box, 
and  standard  gasoline  pump.  If  you  have 
an  engine,  buy  press  alone.  Any  stand¬ 


ard  hopper-cooled  engine  can  be  used. 

The  Sandwich  All-Steel  Motor  Press  bales 
2)4  to  3!4  tons  per  hour.  Has  self-feeder 
equipment.  Takes  double  charge  of  hay. 
Has  no  condenser  box— needs  no  foot  tamp¬ 
ing— feeds  direct  from  fork.  No  balance 
wheels,  no  high-speed  machinery.  Fast, 
simple,  strong,  light  of  draft. 

We  make  presses  with  or  without  engines 
—wood  frame  and  steel  frame— horse  power 
and  engine  power— In  all  sizes  up  to  tive-ton 
per  hour  capacity.  Prices  reasonable. 

Drop  us  a  line  today  for  new  book  about 
the  Astounding  Profits  in  Huy  Haling.  I.et 
us  tell  you  more  about  the  wonderful  Sand¬ 
wich  Motor  Press.  (45) 


SANDWICH  MFG.  CO.,  467  Spruce  St., Sandwich,  111. 


1911. 


MTUFC  RURAL  NEW  .YORKER 


861 


Ruraiisms 


Prunes  in  Michigan. 

J.  B.  B.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. — Could  I 
make  a  success  of  growing  prunes  in  this 
locality? 

Ans. — The  growing  of  prunes  at 
Grand  Rapids  or  anywhere  in  Michigan 
cannot  be  made  to  pay  financially  for 
drying.  They  are  grown  and  dried  too 
cheaply  in  California,  Oregon  and  \\  ash- 
ington.  It  is  possible  that  they  would 
pay  to  grow  for  sale  in  the  fresh  state, 
however,  and  they  have  been  grown 
with  fair  success  about  Traverse  City, 
some  150  miles  to  the  northward  of 
Grand  Rapids.  They  would  have  to  be 
sold  as  plums,  which  they  are  in  real¬ 
ity,  for  plums  that  are  meaty  enough 
to  dry  and  still  be  meaty  are  called 
prunes.  This  is  an  arbitrary  classifica¬ 
tion  that  was  decided  upon  by  pomolo- 
gists  some  20  years  ago.  What  is 
known  as  the  German  prune,  or  techni¬ 
cally  as  Fellenberg,  is  the  best  variety 
to  try.  It  would  be  well  to  look  about 
among  the  fruit  growers  around  Grand 
Rapids  and  learn  what  they  have  done 
before  planting  many  prune  trees  there. 
I  believe  that  Damson  plums  would  pay 
better.  h.  e.  van  deman. 


Insect  Attacking  Dahlias. 

W.  W.  L.,  Dahlin,  X.  Y. — My  Dahlias  are 
all  losing  their  buds.  A  small  bug,  some¬ 
thing  like  a  squash  bug,  eats  the  buds  right 
off.  My  Dahlias  began  blooming  the  first  of 
July,  and  shortly  after  the  bugs  began  their 
depredations.  What  can  I  do?  I  depend 
almost  on  Dahlias  for  cut  flowers,  and  have 
such  nice  varieties  and  have  taken  so  much 
care  with  them  that  I  hate  to  lose  all  my 
reward.  I  have  dusted  with  sulphur,  but 
that  does  not  do  any  permanent  good  ;  can¬ 
not  use  poison  on  account  of  the  children. 
All  around  here  come  the  same  reports. 

Ans. — The  tarnished  plant  bug,  a 
relative  of  the  squash-bug,  often  at¬ 
tacks  Dahlias,  and  causes  great  loss.  It 
does  not  “eat  the  buds  right  off,”  but 
pierces  buds  and  young  shoots,  caus¬ 
ing  them  to  curl  over,  blacken  and 
wither  off ;  it  is  also  responsible  for 
blasted  and  malformed  buds  which 
either  fail  to  develop  at  all,  or  else 
make  one-sided  flowers.  This  insect 
seems  to  poison  the  plant  tissue  by  its 
puncture.  We  are  sorry  that  we  can 
give  no  practical  remedy  for  it,  except 
destroying  all  insects  found,  and  thor¬ 
oughly  working  the  ground  in  the  Fall, 
destroying  all  the  Dahlia  tops  by  burn¬ 
ing.  We  believe  this  insect  is  discussed 
in  Bulletin  47,  issued  by  the  Missouri 
Experiment  Station.  Columbia,  Mo. 

Various  Fruit  Questions. 

B.  C.  If.,  Plainfield,  V.  ./. — I  have  iu 
my  garden  a  plum  tree  that  hears  small 
purple  plums,  the  natural  fruit.  Can  I 
top-graft  it  in  August  after  the  fruit  is 
ripe,  as  I  would  an  apple  or  pear  tree?  Is 
there  anything  better  than  Abundance  to 
put  in?  Can  peach  or  cherry  trees  be 
grafted  in  the  same  way?  A  Moore’s  Early 
grape  vine,  10  years  old.  makes  plenty  of 
wood,  but  bears  only  a  few  bunches  each 
year.  A  cutting  five  years  old  has  only 
borne  one  bunch.  There  are  plenty  of 
other  grapes  near.  What  can  1  do  for 
them  ? 

Ans. — B.  C.  W.  speaks  of  grafting 
trees  in  August.  This  he  cannot  do,  as 
grafting  should  be  done  in  early  Spring, 
when  tree  and  grafts  are  dormant.  Bud¬ 
ding  (which  is  a  very  different  process 
from  grafting)  is  done  in  Summer  when 
the  trees  are  growing.  The  plums  can 
be  grafted  in  the  Spring  the  same  as 
apple,  also  the  cherry.  The  peach  can¬ 
not  be  successfully  grafted,  and  is  pro¬ 
pagated  entirely  by  buddie^r.  The  better 
way  to  work  over  the  cherry  would  be 
to  bud  them,  excepting  large  trees  when 
budding  would  not  be  practicable.  If 
the  plum  trees  out  be  budded  in  limbs 
not  averaging  over  one  inch  through, 
then  they  can  be  budded  any  time  when 
the  sap  is  flowing  so  that  the  bud  can 
be  inserted  under  the  bark.  If  larger 
than  one  inch,  graft  them  just  before 
growth  starts  in  the  Spring.  Cut  the 


grafts  in  early  March  and  keep  in  moist 
sawdust,  moss  or  sand,  in  a  cool  place, 
until  ready  to  use.  The  Abundance  is  a 
good  plum,  but  I  prefer  a  European 
variety  like  Imperial  Gage  or  Brad¬ 
shaw.  The  Moore’s  Early  grape  is  of¬ 
ten  a  shy  bearer,  and  when  pruning  more 
wood  should  be  left  on  it  than  the 
shorter- jointed  varieties.  Where  Con¬ 
cord  and  like  varieties  are  cut  back  to 
one  or  two  buds,  the  Moore’s  Early 
should  have  double  or  more  eyes  left. 
They  require  a  greater  length  of  fruit- 
i--  .  wood  than  the  other  varieties. 

e.  s.  BLACK. 


Chestnut  Tree  Blight. 

A  blight  that  has  destroyed  twenty-five 
millions  of  dollars  in  chestnut  timber  will 
cause  people  to  wonder  and  guess  what  it 
means.  I  write  you  to  correct  two  errors 
that  have  appeared  in  the  papers  of  New 
York  City  and  also  Philadelphia.  It  is 
reported  that  Mr.  T.  D.  Candy,  a  ilorist  at 
Langhorne,  Pa.,  is  the  discoverer  of  the 
“cause  of  the  chestnut  tree  blight.”  He 
says  it  is  caused  by  a  species  of  beetle. 
There  are  beetles  and  other  insects  that 
injust  chestnut  and  other  trees.  It  is 
quite  possible  Mr.  Candy  has  seen  some 
damage  to  chestnut  trees  by  a  species  of 
beetle.  I  have  seen  instances  of  such  dam¬ 
age  when  examining  forests  in  Pennsyl¬ 
vania.  New  Jersey  and  New  York.  The 
work  of  the  larvae  of  insects  burrowing  be¬ 
neath  the  bark  of  chestnut  trees  is  of 
slight  consequence  compared  with  the  dead¬ 
ly,  all-devastating  depredations  of  the 
fungus  which  is  the  real  cause  of  the 
blight.  Insects  can  be  dealt  with  by  sprays 
and  poisonous  vapors,  but  the  blight  can¬ 
not  be  controlled  in  that  way.  Mr.  Candy, 
the  Ilorist,  is  entirely  mistaken.  It  is  not 
caused  by  any  form  of  insect  life,  hut  by  a 
fungus  which  was  determined  in  1906  by 
Dr.  Murrill,  whose  conclusions  and  scien¬ 
tific  description  are  correct. 

The  second  error  comes  from  Staten  Isl¬ 
and.  where  it  is  reported  the  blight  is  now 
destroying  oak  trees.  1  have  examined 
forests  for  a  distance  of  150  miles  and 
have  always  kept  iu  mind  the  immunity  of 
other  trees.  After  examining  thousands  of 
oak  trees,  white  oak,  red  oak,  chestnut 
oaks,  etc.  I  have  never  found  the  chestnut 
tree  blight  on  any  of  the  other  trees.  I 
am  not  now  discussing  the  inoculation  of 
other  speciecs  ol'  trees  for  experimental 
purposes,  hut  in  the  forests  under  natural 
conditions  the  chestnut  is  the  only  host 
of  the  fungus  Diaporthe  parasitica,  which 
is  the  cause  of  the  ’  chestnut  tree  blight. 
When  I  return  to  Brooklyn  from  my  Sum¬ 
mer  home  in  the  Catskills  I  will  visit 
Staten  Island  and  examine  oak  trees  and 
send  you  the  result  of  my  investigations. 
The  blight  has  not  yet  advanced  north¬ 
ward  in  the  Hudson  Valley  to  the  Kaaters- 
ki  11  Clove  and  the  vicinity  of  Palenville. 

JOHN  MICKLEBOltOUOH. 


Cover  Crop  for  Garden. 

Is  a  cover  crop  used  in  the  garden  at 
Hope  Farm?  If  so,  what  crop  is  growD 
and  when  is  it  seeded?  M.  n. 

We  try  to  “double  crop”  the  garden, 
planting  one  crop  after  another,  so  it  is 
is  commonly  used  in  late  September  or 
not  practical  to  sow  cover  crops  early.  Rye 
October  and  in  our  latitude  makes  a  fair 
growth.  It  would  not  answer  much  fur¬ 
ther  north.  This  year  other  work  and  the 
dry  weather  has  prevented  much  double 
cropping  and  weeds  came  in  freely.  They 
were  mowed  off  twice  before  seeding  and 
left  on  the  ground.  This  provides  humus 
and  holds  the  soil. 


SAVE  HALF  Your 
Paint  Bills 

By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT  —  proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 
Only  Paint  endorsed  by  the  “Grange.” 
Made  in  all  colors, — for  all  purposes. 

DELIVERED  FREE. 

From  the  Mill  Direct  to  You  at  Factory  Price*. 

INGERSOLL  PAINT  BOOK  — FREE 

Tells  all  about  Paint  and  Painting  i "'r  Durability. 
How  to  avoid  trouble  and  expense  caused  by  paint* 
fading,  chalking  and  peeling.  Valuable  information 
fre«  to  you.  with  Sample  Color  Card*,  Write  me.  DO 
IT  MOW.  I  can  lave  you  money. 

0.  W.  Intjersoll,  246  Plymouth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 


LAND  LIME 

AUGUST  is  the  Time  to  Sow  ALFALFA 
without  a  “Nurse  Crop,”  but  ALFALFA 
WILL  NOT  THRIVE  WITHOUT  LIME. 

OUR  LAND  LIME  is  especially 
suited  to  the  needs  of  ALFALFA 
as  it  contains  the  quickly  soluble  “quick 
liir.e’’  which  will  feed  the  plant  this 
Fall,  and  the  slowly  acting  calcium  car¬ 
bonate,  which  will  act  next  Spring. 
LAND  LIME  requires  no  slaking,  does 
not  burn  the  HUMUS  in  the  soil,  and 
can  be  spread  with  a  drill.  The  Ex¬ 
periment  Stations  recommend  applying 
about  one  ton  of  Lime  per  acre.  Why 
not  try  raising  a  small  patch  this  Fall  ? 
Write  for  prices,  circulars  and  samples. 


THE  SOLVAY  PROCESS  CO. 

SYRACUSE.  N.  Y. 


Red 
Wave 
Wheat 

'This  is  a  real  photograph 
and  not  a  fanciful  drawing 
This  notable.variety  is  one 
of  the  best  productions  ofi  Mr. 

^A?N..  Jones  of  Nevv,York,  who 
been  recognized  by  the  Dept,  of 
Agriculture  at  Washington  as  the 
greatest  originator  and  improver  of 
ican  Wheats'  Red  Wave  is  a  cross 
between  the  Early  Red  Clawson  and  an 
unnamed  Russian  cross-breed.,  its  yield  is 
tremendous.  Planted  aside  of  Dawson  Golden 
Chaff,  Red  Wave’jyielded 

49  Bushels'and <2,  Pounds  Per  Acre 

while  the  Dawson' yielded  27  bushels  per  acre.  On 
2]4  rods  Red  Wave  yielded  at  the  rate  of 

68  Bushels  and  5  Pounds  Per  Acre 

Red^  Wave  is  bald.  HeadsTareiA^to. 6.  inches  long — chock- 
fullZoX,  medium-sized,  hard.fred  grains. 

Red  Wave  is  Free  from' the  Usual  Faults. 

Jls^Thick  Brown  Chaff  Keeps  it  from^Shelling  Easily., 

Its  Stiff. Thick- Walled  ^Straw* Prevents. Lodging. 
yVATnake  a  specialtyjof  growing  Red  \Vave  for  seed^here  in 
thejdeal  wheat  soils  of  LancasteuCoy1  Pa.  OuCcrop  of  it — ■ 
genuine, ‘pure  and  cleanT isYiow^ready^to  ship. 

Pjdcts^is* $2.00  Per  Bushel  , 'regardless  of  quantityjordered.  Not 
less  than' 1  bushels'  sold.  Cash  jjnust  'come  with  order.'  Bags  to 
hold  2  >2  bushels22c  each  extra.: 

When  the.WheaCreaches  you  examine  it  and  if  it  is  disappoint- 
ing'send  it __ backhand  we  will  do  the  same^wiih  your  money  and 
payVound-tripjfreight.Y  We  will  not  be  responsible  after. wheat  is 


,>x_  ,We^haveT>ther),wheats  (ask  for  our  catalog)  which  we  sell 
atjmuch  lowerj  prices  and  can  furnish  any  time  right  up*  to  seed 
But'ifTyou  want  Red  Wave  order  at  once.  Ouustock  of. 


you  want 


Red  Wave  is  l<irge  but  not  as  large  as  the  demand., 

Amos  H.  Hoffman,  Bamford, 3 Lancaster  CO.,  PA. 


OB 


P 


OTASH 

AYS 


Profit  in  Wheat 


vS 

-‘A*’ 

**  *  v» 


Wheat  is  profitable  if  the  yield  is  good.  A  good 
yield  is  insured  by  using  the  right  fertilizer. 

No  crop  gives  better  profits  for  a  small  fertilizer  expen¬ 
diture  provided  intelligence  is  used  in  buying,  and  a 
fertilizer  is  used  that  is  suited  to  the  soil.  Almost  any 
fertilizer  will  increase  the  wheat  crop,  but  why  not  get  the 
one  that  will  give  the  best  profit?  This  is  the  kind  in  which 
the  phosphate  is  balanced  with 

POTASH 

Insist  on  6  to  8  per  cent,  of  Potash  in  wheat  fertilizer.  Some  of 
Viy^”  the  best  growers  use  10  per  cent.  If  you  have  trouble  in  getting 
such  brands  buy  Potash  and  add  it  yourself.  We  will  sell  it  to 
you  in  any  amount  from  1  bag  (200  lbs.)  up.  Write  us  for 
prices,  naming  amount  needed,  and  for  free  books  on  Fall 
Fertilizers  and  Home  Mixing.  They  will  save  money  for  you. 

n  GERMAN  KALI  WORKS.  Inc. 

Baltimore :  Continental  Bldg. 

Chicago :  Monadnock  Block 
New  Orleans:  Whitney  Central  Bank  Bldg. 


*rhe 


CHARTER 


is 

NOT 


CHEAP 


BUT  it  has  the  Longest  Record 
of  All  Gasoline  Engines 

Want  Proof  of  This  ? 

If  you  are  interested  in  The  Best 
as  well  as  First  Send  for  our 
Catalog  and  State  Power  Needs 

CHARTER  GAS  ENGINE  CO.,  Box  26,  Sterling,  III.,  U.S.  A 


New  Fads  on  Hay  Presses 

We  have  just  issued  a  new  Free  book  on 
Hay  Presses.  Besides  facts  you  need  to 
know,  it  tells  about 
the  reliable,  reason¬ 
able-priced  Hendricks 
— the  Hay  Press  you 
have  seen  advertised 
for  years,  and  know 
about.  Send  for  it. 

HSHDRICKS  HAY  PRESS  CO..  Cornell  ST.,  Kingston.  N.  Y. 


tseii 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


August  20, 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER’S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  l'or  Country  and  Suburban  Homes 

Established  tsso 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 

Herbert  W.  Coeeingwood,  President  and  Editor. 

John*  J.  Dielon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dieeok,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Royle,  Associate  Editor. 


cers.  President  Taft  vetoed  the  bill  giving  Arizona  Our  information  is  that  Mr.  Henry  A.  C.  Taylor 
statehood  because  judges  were  not  exempt  from  the  has  not  yet  apologized  to  the  Guernsey  Cattle  Club. 

Some  one  asked  if  we  really  know  who  Mr.  Taylor 


‘recall.”  His  strongest  argument  is  that  there  are, 
as  we  all  know,  times  when  mob  rule  and  passion 
would  dictate  at  the  very  time  that  some  strong  man 
should  have  the  power  to  stand  up  and  decide  a  case 
on  sober  judgment.  Again,  we  can  easily  see  how 


is!  We  think  so — he  owns  the  Guernsey  cow  Missy 
of  the  Glen.  This  cow  was  reported  as'  making  a  re¬ 
markable  test.  It  was  so  “remarkable”  that  the  officers 
of  the  Guernsey  Club  felt  it  would  discredit  their  club 


SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 


the  politicians  or  grafters  could  work  up  a  movement  and  their  cattle  if  they  gave  it  authentic  sanction  Mr 

To forei^°^Sri?  X  f miney^er^^88- ^ °r  aSainst  an  honest  iudSe  w]io  stood  against  their  Taylor  is  the  man  who,  through  his  lawyer,  secured  a 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft.  schemes,  yet  could  not  quite  make  them  clear  to  the  court  injunction  which  compelled  the  publication  of 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  office  as  second  class  Matter.  people.  The  “recall”  for  the  ordinary  State  and  this  test  with  a  legal  string  tied  to  its  tail !  But,  in- 

Adrertisi^ra^w  TOnts^r  ^e^e-^wwds^Disc<^it  foretime  orders,  county  officers  and  for  members  of  Congress  has  sists  our  questioner,  do  you  know  who  Mr.  Taylor  is9 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders.  ’  become  a  necessity  in  most  States.  The  demand  for  We  think  so.  He  is  reputed  to  be  worth  more  millions 

“A  square  deal”  the  recall  of  judges  is  caused  by  the  action  of  many  than  Missy’s  milk  contained  units  of  fat.  A  great 

mak?" good'™? STpSd  Federal  judges  in  handling  cases  against  trusts  and  railroad  man  and  a  power  in  financial  circles!  But 
coi'imn^Sd^a^-Hsuch^s'vhidier^ wnf be'p^bMy^eiposed.^we protect" saZ  monopolies,  yet  those  men,  being  appointed,  could  what  of  it?  That  is  all  the  more  reason  why  Mr. 

scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  toadjust  tnfling  differences  -  — 

between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 

Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  l  lentioned  The  Rurae  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive. 


not  be  reached  by  the  “recall.” 

* 

“FARM  POLITICS.” 

Holding,  as  your  paper  does,  the  esteem  of  nine-tenths 
of  the  farmers,  do  you  not  believe  that  it  is  within  your 
province  and  power  so  to  arouse  the  farming  communities 


Taylor  should  play  fair  with  the  public.  A  million 
made  out  of  a  railroad  is  made  up  of  dimes  and  nickels 
which  the  public  have  contributed  for  transportation 
of  their  bodies,  their  food  and  their  clothing.  The 
railroad  millionaire  above  all  men  should  remember 
who  made  his  fortune,  and  deal  fairly  with  the  public. 


intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it^ we  send  it  tha^  they  wilJ  eithpr  compel  the  old  parties  to  nominate  a  He  is  the  last  one  to  be  justified  in  sitting  with 
m  -i n  I _ _  good  sensible  farmer  for  the  Legislature  this  Fall,  or  his  thumb  at  his  nose  on  a  soft  court  injunction! 


10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

Ox  September  11  the  voters  in  Maine  have  a  chance 
to  vote  on  a  bill  to  establish  primary  nominations. 
The  last  Legislature  turned  it  down,  but  now  under 
the  initiative  it  goes  to  the  people.  The  bill  provides 
for  nomination  by  petition,  uniform  primaries,  party 
enrollment,  plurality  nomination  and  limitation  of  ex¬ 
pense.  It  is  full  and  complete,  and  once  in  force  will 
give  the  Maine  people  a  power  which  will  drive  the 


organize  and  do  it  themselves?  We  mean  by  sensible 
farmer,  if  you  please,  one  who  has  worked  himself  up 
from  the  bottom  and  knows  by  experience  the  difficulties 
of  the  working  farmer.  We  do  not  believe  that  the  or¬ 
dinary  farmer  will  feel  himself  as  well  represented  by  the 
college  graduate  or  “agriculturist”  as  by  his  neighbor. 
We  believe  the  farmers  were  never  in  a  better  mood  for 
this  work  than  to-day,  just  waiting  for  some  one  to  start 
the  movement  that,  if  it  does  not  “arouse  the  world,”  will 
arouse  the  people  of  these  United  States. 

Tompkins  Co.,  N.  Y.  e.  a,  hawks. 


And  we  may  begin  to  ask  who  are  the  men  who 
represent  the  Guernsey  breeders  in  this  little  drama? 
Why  do  they  stand  still  and  let  the  thumb  be  directed 
in  their  direction? 

* 

Why  do  you  keep  talking  about  this  Collin  bill? 
Why  not  take  up  some  great  issue? 

That  is  what  we  get  from  a  man  who  is  in  favor  of 


.  .  .  .  settling  all  the  big  issues  at  once.  We  take  up  the 

e  lave  receive  so  many  letters  like  the  above  Collin  bill  for  several  good  reasons.  The  principle 


that  it  seems  best  to  talk  the  matter  over  with  our 
readers. 


„  .  which  that  bill  stands  for  is  of  greater  importance 

politicians  into  the  river.  How  -we  wish  we  could  ferment  of  'the” ‘cowardly’ "poTuida^  who  'llan  ^  ^  °"  ^  Pr°dUCtS'  S°me  °f  °“r  ^ 

have  such  a  chance  in  New  York! 


I  wish  The  It.  N.-Y.  would  offer  some  solution  to  the 
farm  labor  problem  in  a  popular  Summer  resort.  Here 
we  are  with  farms  going  to  waste  and  the  cottagers  suf¬ 
fering  for  the  things  we  might  produce,  while  the  demand 
for  labor  among  the  cottagers  is  so  great,  the  prices  they 
pay  so  high,  and  the  hours  and  work  so  easy  that  the 


control  the  old  parties.  If  we  had  such  a  primary  law 
as  operates  in  Oregon  the  country  people  would  rip 
the  Albany  Legislature  in  pieces,  while  President  Taft 
would  lose  half  of  the  State  delegates  to  the  national 
convention.  The  politicians  will  deny  this,  but  at 
heart  they  know  better.  The  plain  people  are  sick 
and  tired  of  them,  and  are  bitter  over  the  fact  that 


farmer  has  to  rely  for  help  on  the  chance  tramp,  or  the  Bie  old  caucus  and  convention  system  keeps  these 


worst  and  most  untrustworthy  element  in  the  community, 
so  the  result  is  his  horses  and  cows  are  ruined,  his  crops 
improperly  harvested,  and  himself  a  slave  in  a  treadmill. 

Manchester,  Vt.  N.  m.  c. 

We  cannot  solve  such  a  problem.  Here  is  a  case 
where  a  farmer  might  get  nearly  all  the  consumer’s 
dollar,  yet  conditions  shut  him  away  from  produc¬ 
tion.  On  page  816  F.  T.  J.  tells  of  a  day  spent  in 
preparing  for  such  a  market.  The  usual  Summer 
boarder  or  resident  on  his  vacation  does  not  set  an 
energetic  example  for  a  boy  or  girl.  Could  the  young 
people  see  these  idle  summerers  at  their  work,  there 
would  be  a  different  story,  but  when  a  boy  in  the 
hayfield  sees  a  spender  sitting  in  the  shade  it  requires 
more  than  he  can  learn  at  an  agricultural  college  to 
keep  him  at  work. 

* 

You  may  or  may  not  believe  in  woman’s  suffrage. 
We  will  pass  that,  but  you  must  agree  that  a  farmer’s 
success  will  depend  in  a  large  degree  upon  the  spirit 
with  which  his  wife  does  her  share.  We  believe 
there  is  no  chance  for  any  argument  there.  If  the 
wife  and  daughter  are  in  sympathy  with  husband 
and  father  in  his  farm  work,  the  chances  for  profit 
and  satisfaction  are  doubled  over  a  situation  where 
the  man  must  fight  out  his  hard  problems  alone.  Some 
of  the  ablest  and  most  influential  farmers’  wives  were 
school  teachers  or  town  girls  before  they  were  mar¬ 
ried.  It  would  be  a  strong  part  of  the  study  of  farm 
success  if  we  could  know  why  such  women  chose 
farm  life  and  farm  work.  We  hope  to  present  through 
the  coming  season  a  series  of  articles  on  “The  Auto¬ 
biography  of  a  Farmer’s  Wife.”  We  want  the  real, 
live  opinion  of  women  who  are  capable  of  clear  think¬ 
ing  as  to  why  they  chose  to  be  the  head  of  a  farm 
home.  We  shall  be  pleased  to  hear  from  women  who 

have  thought  the  subject  out  and  feel  that  they  have  a 
message. 

* 

You  have  no  doubt  read  much  lately  about  the 
“recall”  section  in  the  proposed  State  Constitution  of 
Arizona.  In  order  that  we  may  know  just  what  this 
means  we  print  on  page  863  the  “recall”  section.  You 
will  see  that  it  was  proposed  that  when  electors  to 
the  number  of  one-quarter  of  the  votes  cast  at  the  last 


miserable  leeches  strapped  to  their  backs. 

That  is  the  fact — now  what  can  be  done?  Of  itself 
The  R.  N.-Y.  has  no  power  whatever.  We  are  not 
afraid  of  any  politician  or  public  leech  on  the  face  of 
the  earth.  That  requires  little  courage,  for  they  are 
at  heart  a  set  of  bluffers  and  moral  cowards.  Yet  all 
that  we  can  do  is  to  express  the  honest  convictions  of 
our  readers.  The  power  is  theirs — we  can  crystallize 
it  and  give  it  expression.  We  might  talk  all  day,  but 


ers  may  deny  that,  but  we  will  stand  by  our  state¬ 
ment.  The  tariff  on  grain  and  most  other  food  pro¬ 
ducts  has  been  little  more  than  a  farce.  Just  as  soon 
as  it  got  to  the  point  where  it  promised  to  give  direct 
benefit  the  “protected”  interests  were  ready  to  give  it 
up.  The  great  tax  which  is  eating  the  life  out  of 
farming  is  the  middleman’s  tax  which  leaves  the 
farmer  35  cents  of  the  consumer’s  dollar.  The  Collin 
bill  made  an  effort  to  help  stop  this  by  making  the 
commission  men  play  fair.  We  may  as  well  look  the 
situation  right  in  the  face.  The  people  of  this  nation 
will  insist  upon  a  reduction  of  the  tariff.  The  protec¬ 
tive  policy  which  our  farmers  made  possible  lias 
built  up  town  and  city  and  taken  the  balance  of 
power  away  from  the  country.  The  city  people  will 
demand  cheaper  food.  They  have  been  held  up  and 
robbed  by  the  middlemen  and  handlers  and  all  the 


if  we  had  no  backing  it  would  be  as  empty  and  feeble  time  ^iey  were  tau&ht  to  believe  that  the  farmers 
as  froth.  Let  it  be  understood,  however,  that  The  were  ro^ing  them  and  growing  rich  while  doing  it. 
R.  N.-Y.  is  the  voice  through  which  100,000  farmers  ^°\v  we  must  Set  in  closer  to  these  consumers  and. 
speak,  and  that  they  mean  exactly  what  we  say,  and  sIlow  ^ieiri  the  facts.  Therein  lies  the  hope  for  farm- 
every  politician  in  the  land  will  listen.  Let  us  under-  The  Collin  bill  is  a  step  along  the  way.  It  will 

stand  then  to  begin  with  two  things.  The  R.  N.-Y.  no*  do  i*  aT  but  it  will  help,  and  it  is  work  within 
can  have  no  power  except  what  its  readers  can  supply,  the  reach  of  the  fanners  of  New  York.  Many  of  the 
We  stand  ready  and  eager  to  give  expression  to  youn  Hrge  battles  against  graft  or  injustice  are  beyond  the 
desires,  and  to  fight  for  them  with  you.  direct  reach  of  the  average  man.  The  one  represented 

Now  the  first  thing  is,  have  you  got  to  the  point  hy  the  Collin  bill  is  of  a  size  which  we  can  all  handle, 
where,  if  need  be,  you  can  cast  an  independent  ballot?  By  forcing  a  law  regulating  commission  men  through 
No  thief  is  afraid  of  a  dog  that  is  on  a  stout  chain  1  the  Legislature  we  gain  experience  and  power  needed 
No  politician  cares  five  cents  for  a  man  who  is  tied  to  do  other  and  larger  things.  We  mean  business  on 
so  fast  to  an  old  party  that  he  will  vote  the  ticket  this  and  want  to  hear  from  every  New  York  farmer 
anyway.  That  has  been  the  trouble  in  the  rural  coun-  who  will  help  regulate  the  commission  business  fairly, 
ties  of  New  York,  and  all  the  fighting  and  talking 
and  cursing  on  earth  will  never  give  us  our  rights 
until  we  can  prove  that  we  can  slip  the  party  collar 
when  necessary.  The  way  to  “start  the  movement”  is 
to  find  the  strong  man  who  cannot  be  bluffed  or  bull¬ 
dozed  or  bribed.  There  are  plenty  of  them  among  the 
farmers  of  New  York.  The  first  thing  is  to  get  to¬ 
gether.  Let  us  hear  from  every  rural  county  in  the 
State  at  once.  The  time  has  come  to  take  care  of  the 
Legislature.  We  will  take  up  this  question  about  the 
fitness  of  farmers  to  make  our  laws  next.  Do  we  hear 
from  the  men  who  are  willing  to  get  out  openly  and 
fight?  _ 


BREVITIES. 


Congress  has  finally  passed  a  wool  tariff  bill  which 
makes  a  deep  cut  in  the  duties  on  wool  and  its 
products.  When  Congress  met  it  was  the  general 
belief  that  the  Canadian  reciprocity  bill  was  the 
only  tariff  legislation  that  had  any  chance  of  passage. 
It  has  now  become  evident  that  there  is  bitter  feel- 
election  are  not  satisfied  with  the  performance  of  au  ing  between  the  so-called  Republican  “insurgents’* 


elected  officer  they  can  petition  for  a  new  election. 
Then,  by  a  majority  vote,  they  can  take  him  out  of 
office.  In  some  localities  already  this  “recall”  is  now 
in  force  and  has  been  invoked  to  remove  officials  who 
failed  to  do  their  duty.  In  principle  and  as  applied 
to  many  offices  it  is  right,  and  we  believe  it  is  only 
a  question  of  time  before  it  will  be  generally  applied. 
The  objection  to  the  Arizona  “recall”  is  that  it 
applies  to  elective  judges  as  well  as  other  public  offi- 


and  President  Taft.  These  “progressives”  have 
united  with  the  Democrats  to  pass  the  wool  and  other 
tariff  bills.  They  evidently  expect  the  President  to 
veto  them.  Should  he  do  so  the  Democrats  expect 
to  make  the  veto  a  strong  campaign  argument,  while 
the  insurgents  expect  such  a  veto  to  hurt  Mr.  Taft’s 
chances  for  renomination.  It  seems  evident  that  the 
great  battle  next  year  will  be  between  the  producers 
and  the  great  protected  interests. 


Time  is  about  up  for  seeding  vetch  north  of  New  York. 
It  will  not  answer  to  seed  this  crop  too  late. 

Keep  it  in  mind.  Barley  and  Canada  field  peas  seeded 
now  will  make  a  good  crop  of  hay,  provided  yon  have  a 
fair  amount  of  moisture. 

And  never  forget  that  rye  is  the  grain  to  sow  late  when 
all  else  has  failed.  Rye  will  cover  the  ground,  save  the 
nitrates  and  provide  humus. 

Time  has  come  to  hunt  up  and  sort  the  young  pullets 
and  get  them  ready  for  their  Winter*  job.  They  should 
start  about  when  the  children  start  at  school. 

While  New  England  fishermen  have  lost  the  tariff  on 
fish,  the  fishermen  of  Nova  Scotia  have  received  from 
their  government  during  the  past  28  years  bounties  aggre¬ 
gating  $2,805,632. 

Change  the  live  stock  of  a  neighborhood  and  you  change 
the  character  of  the  people.  Changing  from  egg  produc¬ 
tion,  or  butter  or  wool,  to  meat,  means  new  habits,  and 
that  means  new  men. 

Great  stories  are  told  of  Japanese  cane  as  a  fodder 
crop  for  Florida.  It  makes  an  immense  growth  and  keeps 
it  up.  Florida  needs  cane.  The  land  frauds  have  raised 
enough  cain  down  there. 

The  French  have  a  good  penalty  in  their  pure  food 
laws.  When  a  man  is  found  guilty  of  adulterating  or 
poisoning  food  he  is  fined  and  published.  A  baker  in 
Havre  sold  wheat  flour  adulterated  with  rice.  He  was 
fined  $5  and  the  judgment  was  ordered  printed  in  two 
daily  papers.  We  should  have  such  laws  here.  The  judg¬ 
ments  against  those  food  fakes  should  be  ordered  printed 
in  the  papers  which  are  bribed  by  their  advertising. 


1911. 


863 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

Some  of  these  women  in  Mr.  Lewis’ 
League  do  not  want  to  be  warned.  They 
cannot  bear  the  thought  of  having  their  idol 
shattered.  I  hope  this  will  not  make  you 
feel  in  the  least  discouraged.  Go  right  on 
with  the  good  work.  At  oue  time,  and  for 
several  years,  I  had  set  E.  G.  Lewis  on  a 
pedestal  and  worshipped  at  his  shrine  just 
as  hundreds  of  other  women  are  doing  row. 
What  did  I  know  of  him  then?  Absolutely 
nothing  except  his  printed  “guff,’’  as  you 
call  it.  It  is  said  that  the  American 
people  like  to  be  humbugged.  It  seems 
true,  and  the  bigger  the  fake  the  surer  we 
are  to  bite. 

I  put  sixty-five  hard-earned  dollars  into 
his  United  States  Fibre  Stopper  Company. 
He  said  if  it  failed,  or  if  any  of  the  other 
numerous  enterprises  he  was  financing 
failed,  we  should  be  given  the  value  in  other 
stock  year  after  year.  I  waited  for  sev¬ 
eral  years.  He  showed  fine  reports  on 
nice  paper  with  nice  engravings.  Finally 
they  ceased.  Two  or  three  years  ago  I 
needed  money  so  much  to  buy  a  cow. 
This  was  when  he  was  under  the  f'-aud 
orders,  and  1  sent  the  letter  by  express, 
telling  him  of  my  need,  and  of  his  prom¬ 
ises  that  if  it  failed  we  should  be  reim¬ 
bursed  ;  that  it  was  only  owing  to  my  great 
confidence  in  him  that  I  bought  the  stock, 
and  that  I  had  denied  myself  the  very 
necessities  of  life  to  do  so,  expecting  such 
large  returns  as  he  had  promised.  What 
do  you  think  he  did?  He  turned  the  letter 
right  over  to  the  United  States  Fibre  Com¬ 
pany — which,  by  the  way,  Mr.  Dietz,  who 
is  organizing  the  League  Chapter  here, 
says  was  defunct  long  ago — and  I  received 
a  very  cold,  unsympathetic  letter  from 
them.  At  that  moment  my  idol  took  a 
tumble  from  its  exalted  pedestal  that  shat¬ 
tered  it  into  pieces  and  revealed  its 
common  clay.  The  mallet  of  The  Rural 
New-Yorker  has  now  demolished  even  the 
fragments.  Lewis  had  no  use  for  me  when 
lie  found  there  was  no  money  in  it  for  him. 
When  he  was  getting  my  subscriptions  to 
his  stock  he  had  ample  time  to  write  me 
personally. 

When  those  two  notes  of  those  two  wo¬ 
men  at  North  Tarrytown  with  the  accom¬ 
panying  facts  were  published  in  The  R. 
N.-Y.  I  cut  out  the  page  and  sent  it  to 
Mayor  E.  G.  Lewis  with  a  few  words  from 
myself.  They  were  few  and  to  the  point. 

1  said :  “If  I  were  mayor  of  a  city  and 
posing  before  the  public  as  a  benefactor  of 
womankind  as  you  are,  I  would  pay  these 
poor  women  what  I  owed  them.”  I  have 
always  thought  this  was  what  fetched  him, 
as  the  next  paper  but  one  said  they  were 
paid.  mbs.  s.  L.  BliOWH. 

Saco,  Maine. 

We  expected  intelligent  woman  to  dis¬ 
cover  the  Lewis  tricks  in  time.  The 
only  trouble  has  been  that  these  victim¬ 
ized  women  had  no  means  of  exposing 
his  trickery,  and  being  widely  separated, 
had  no  means  of  redress.  After  one 
woman  saw  that  she  was  duped,  she 
shrank  from  confessing  her  folly  to  her 
neighbors,  and  in  many  cases  even  to  her 
own  family,  so  that  Lewis  could  go 
right  on  picking  up  new  victims.  If  he 
had  confined  his  operations  to  a  single 
locality  where  his  broken  promises  and 
fraudulent  schemes  could  be  discovered 
and  known,  he  would  have  been  closed 
up  long  ago.  In  this  Fiber  Stopper 
Company  stock  sales  there  is  little  doubt 
that  Lewis  left  himself  liable  to  both 
civil  and  criminal  prosecution.  The 
stock  was  worthless  when  sold  six  or 
seven  years  ago.  It  is  worthless  now. 
He  made  false  and  fraudulent  repre¬ 
sentations  to  sell  it.  In  one  case  of 
which  we  have  record  he  actually  in¬ 
duced  a  boy  some  six  or  seven  years 
ago  to  put  his  first  earnings  into  it  at 
double  its  face  value,  under  the  most 
alluring  promises  of  dividends  and 
promises.  Of  course  Lewis  has  had 
the  money  all  this  time,  and  the  boy 
has  had  nothing.  The  company  is  now 
in  the  hands  of  the  receiver,  but  it 
comes  under  the  judge’s  classification 
of  fictitious  values.  Lewis  has  recently 
been  promising  the  stock  as  a  premium 
for  agents.  Those  who  put  labor  or 
money  in  it  have  lost  both. 


Canadian  Aid  to  Agriculture. 

The  Canadian  Government  makes  money 
advances  to  farmers  for  certain  purposes. 
For  example,  we  have  told  how  Ontario 
makes  drainage  loans.  When  a  farmer 
wants  to  drain  his  farm  he  can  apply  to 
bis  local  town  government,  and  if  he  gives 
a  satisfactory  argument  money  is  ad¬ 
vanced  from  the  general  fund  *  and  the 
work  is  done  under  proper  supervision. 
The  payments  extend  over  20  years  and 
are  collected  like  ordinary  taxes.  This 
has  proved  very  helpful  to  many  Cana¬ 
dian  farmers  who  could  not  have  obtained 
money  through  private  loans.  The  Gov¬ 
ernment  also  advances  money  to  help  builrf 
plants  for  cold  storage,  providing  part  of 
the  funds  and  giving  control  and  super¬ 
vision.  One  of  these  storage  houses  has 
been  located  at  Prince  Edward  Island.  A 
subscriber  at  Charlottestown  gives  us  the 
facts  about  this  enterprise.  The  rates  of 
storage  on  butter  for  two  weeks  or  less 
are  10  cents  per  hundred  pounds,  by  the 
month  in  lots  of  less  than  10,000  pounds 
the  rates  are  20  cents  per  hundred,  for 
the  first  month,  and  15  cents  for  the  fol¬ 
lowing  months.  For  cheese  each  box  for 
two  weeks  four  cents  for  the  first  three 
months,  10  cents  and  eight  cents  for  the 
following  months.  There  are  better  rates 
for  lots  of  10  tons  or  more.  For  eggs  in 
lots  of  less  than  500  cases  the  charge  is  12 
cents  a  case  for  the  first  two  months  and 
lo  cents  for  the  following  months.  The 
customers  who  wish  to  hare  their  eggs 
candled  can  do  so  by  request.  The  com¬ 
pany  is  not  responsible  for  the  condition 
in  which  the  eases  are  received,  but  they 
do  guarantee  to  keep  the  required  tem¬ 
perature.  The  farmers  are  just  beginning 
to  take  advantage  of  this  storehouse.  The 
butter  and  cheese  factories  have  stored  so 
heavily  that  the  building  is  almost  taxed 
to  its  capacity.  On  August  1  there  were 
6.000  cases  of  eggs  stored  by  the  mer- 


RUre..A.U 

chants.  There  is  a  largo  storage  for  meats 
and  later  large  quantities  of  lamb  and 
poultry  will  be  handled.  The  company 
rurning  the  house  in  connection  with  the 
Government  are  large  buyers  themselves 
especially  of  pork,  but  the  Government 
does  not  permit  them  to  fill  the  cold  stor¬ 
age  with  their  own  meat.  They  must  al¬ 
ways  provide  space  for  the  public  and  the 
Government  fixes  the  rate  or  at  least  sees 
that  it  is  not  excessive.  Sooner  or  later 
this  storage  will  be  patronized  by  many  of 
the  farmers,  and  it  will  be  greatly  to  their 
advantage,  for  butter  made  on  the  island 
will  be  given  a  better  name  than  at  pres- 
est  in  consequence  of  the  ability  to  keep 
it  in  perfect  condition.  The  Canadian 
Government  is  doing  most  excellent  work 
in  this  way  for  agriculture.  On  this  side 
of  the  line  the  Government  seems  to  con¬ 
tent  itself  with  giving  so-called  education 
and  showing  farmers  how  to  increase  pro¬ 
duction.  \Ve  do  not  need  to  produce  an 
extra  quantity  of  goods  nearly  as  much  as 
we  do  need  to  handle  what  we  make  to 
better  advantage,  and  cash  is  needed  more 
than  scientific  education.  In  the  contest; 
for  the  American  market  the  Canadian 
will  have  the  advantage  of  us  in  the  fact 
that  his  Government  aids  in  loaning  and 
investing  money. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — George  H.  Cove,  the  inven¬ 
tor  of  the  “solar  electric  generator,”  which 
was  to  transform  the  energy  contained  in 
sun  rays  into  electric  power,  was  arrested 
at  New  York  August  9,  together  with  El¬ 
mer  E.  Burlingame,  the  sales  agent  for 
the  stock  of  the  Sun  Electric  Generator 
Company.  The  two  men  were  arrested  at 
the  instance  of  the  Postoffice  authorities, 
who  charged  them  with  having  used  the 
mails  in  a  scheme  to  defraud  investors.  The 
investigation  that  led  to  the  arrest  of  the 
men  was  ordered  by  Robert  S.  Sharpe, 
Chief  Postoffice  Inspector  at  Washington, 
who  received  many  complaints  from  persons 
duped  into  the  purchase  of  the  worthless 
stock.  Inspectors  Keene,  Birdseye,  Ente- 
mann  and  Greenaway  worked  on  the  case 
for  many  months,  visiting  the  various 
States  in"  which  “plants”  were  active.  In 
default  of  bail  Cove  and  Burlingame  were 
sent  to  the  Tombs  to  await  examination 
on  October  10.  Burlingame  has  been 
known  here  as  a  promoter  of  many  schemes 
on  a  gigantic  scale,  though  none  of  them 
proved  successful.  He  started  the  Rocky 
Mountain  Tunnel  Company,  the  Pittsburg 
Gold  Dredge  Company  and  many  other 
enterprises,  among  them  the  Universal 
Wireless  Corporation  of  South  Dakota, 
which  was  to  have  a  capital  stock  of 
$50,000,000. 

Four  persons  were  killed  and  thirty  in¬ 
jured  when  the  Pennsylvania  eighteen-hour 
train,  en  route  from  Chicago  to  New  York, 
jumped  the  track  on  the  western  outskirts 
of  Fort  Wayne,  Ind..  August  10,  while 
going  at  the  rate  of  50  miles  an  hour.  In 
leaving  the  rails  the  two  engines  pulling 
the  passenger  train  sidewiped  a  freight 
engine  and  the  three  piled  up  in  a  mass  of 
bent  and  twisted  iron.  The  baggage  car, 
smoker,  buffet  and  two  sleepers  turned  over 
in  the  ditch.  Most  of  the  injured  were 
seated  in  the  diner  and  smoker  when  the 
accident  occurred.  The  dead  include  the 
engineer  and  fireman  of  the  wrecked  flyer, 
the  driver  of  the  second  locomotive  and 
an  unidentified  passenger. 

Rather  than  pay  the  $500  annual  tax 
imposed  by  the  Federal  Government  on  all 
foreign  built  vessels  Lindsey  Loring  had  the 
cutter  Eelin  burned  at  Lawley’s  yard,  in 
South  Boston,  August  14.  The  Eelin  was 
hauled  out  on  the  ways  and  her  twenty 
Rn  lead  keel,  masts  and  rigging  removed. 
Everything  of  value  was  taken  from  her  in¬ 
terior  and  the  torch  was  applied.  The 
Eelin  was  designed  by  A.  E.  Payae  and 
bnilt  by  Summers  &  Payne  at  Southamp¬ 
ton,  England,  in  1899.  She  came  over  to 
this  country  to  race  the  Isolde  and  the 
Eastral,  and  it  is  estimated  that  she  was 
worth  more  than  $12,000  fitted  out  and  the 
hull  destroyed  is  said  to  have  been  worth 
$9,000. 

President  Taft  has  refused  to  grant 
further  executive  clemency  to  Raymond  P. 
May,  former  business  manager  of  a  Kansas 
City  newspaper,  who  was  convicted  of  using 
the  mails  to  defraud  in  the  sale  of  mining 
stocks.  The  President  recently  commuted 
May’s  original  sentence  of  one  year  to  six 
months.  The  President  also  has  denied 
clemency  to  S.  II.  Snider,  who  was  con¬ 
victed  with  May  in  the  same  case  and  was 
sentenced  to  one  yeaiv 

Fire  which  is  thought  to  have  originated 
from  a  pan  of  grease  in  the  kitchen  of  the 
clubhouse  at  Chester  Park,  an  amusement 
resort  near  Cincinnati,  O.,  August  14,  de¬ 
stroyed  many  amusement  buildings'  and 
spread  rapidly  to  two  lumber  yards  adjoin¬ 
ing.  Three  hours  after  the  flames  were  dis¬ 
covered  the  loss  was  estimated  at  $175,000. 

Two  deaths  marked  the  fourth  day  of 
the  aviation  meet  on  the  lake  front  at 
Chicago,  August  15.  William  C.  Badger, 
the  son  of  a  wealthy  Pittsburg  man,  and 
St.  Croix  Johnstone,  a  Chicago  aviator, 
were  killed.  The  accident  to  Badger,  the 
first  really  serious  one  of  the  moot,  took 
place  before  the  eyes  of  thousands  while 
Badger  was  attempting  some  spectacular 
manoeuvers.  One  wing  of  his  machine  came 
into  contact  with  the  side  of  a  deep  gully. 
In  an  instant  the  plane  seemed  to  go  to 
pieces.  Badger  was  picked  up  unconscious, 
bleeding  from  half  a  dozen  wounds.  Just 
before  the  accident  Badger  had  circled  the 
course  several  times.  He  had  been  flying 
low  over  a  deep  gully  in  the  centre  of"  the 
aviation  field.  One  wing  of  the  areoplane 
broke  as  he  swung  abont.  Instantly  the 
whole  machine  toppled  into  the  pit.  Badger 
was  crushed  beneath  the  wreckage.  Badger 
was  on  the  field  as  an  amateur.  He  was 
the  son  of  a  well  known  Pittsburg  business 
man.  He  had  made  several  successful 
flights  since  the  meet  began,  being  asso¬ 
ciated  with  Capt.  Baldwin.  Before  taking 
up  aviation  Badger  was  an  automobile 
racer.  lie  enjoyed  quite  a  reputation  for 
his  daredevil  feats.  Finally  the  sport  be¬ 
came  too  tame  for  him  in  comparison  with 
flying.  St.  Croix  Johnstone  was  the  second 
victim  of  the  afternoon.  Johnstone  was 
half  a  mile  off  shore  when  his  motor  blew 
up.  Hugh  A.  Robinson  in  bis  livdroplane 
swooped  down  from  300  feet  in  the  air  in 
a  thrilling  but  vain  attempt  at  rescue 
Johnstone  was  a  mile  from  shore  off  the 
foot  of  Twelfth  street.  His  monoplane 


NEW-YORKER 

began  a  swift  descent.  Watchers  thought 
it  only  an  unusually  steep  dive.  Nearly 
1,000  feet  it  flew  and  then  the  rigid  wings 
crumpled  under  the  pressure  and  the  great 
motor  dragged  the  wreckage,  the  tail  flying 
like  an  arrow  deep  into  the  water.  The 
hydro-aeroplane  reached  the  remnants  with¬ 
in  two  minutes,  but  nothing  could  be  seen 
of  Johnstone.  The  tail  of  the  great  ma¬ 
chine  was  all  that  could  be  seen  above 
the  surface  and  the  rest  could  not  be 
pulled  up  by  the  first  boats  that  arrived. 
It  was  eight  minutes  before  the  wreckage 
was  dragged  to  the  surface,  and  entangled 
in  the  heavy  wires  was  Johnstone's  body. 

Thirteen  of  the  nineteen  deairs  in  live 
poultry  who  were  put  on  trial  before  Judge 
Rosalsky  in  General  Sessions  May  24  were 
found  guilty  August  15.  Four  were  ac¬ 
quitted.  The  case  against  one  of  the  de¬ 
fendants — a  woman — was  dropped  some 
time  ago  on  motion  of  the  District  Attor¬ 
ney.  ®Onc  other  defendant,  Louis  J. 
Schwab,  who  was  indicted  with  the  other 
eighteen,  is  to  be  tried  later.  The  jury 
was  out  four  hours.  W.  T.  Jerome,  counsel 
for  the  defence,  asked  that  his  clients  be 
admitted  to  bail  until  they  were  sentenced 
and  offered  to  give  $25,000  security.  Judge 
Rosalsky  finally  admitted  to  bail  in  $10,000 
Charles  Werner,  whose  daughter  is  sick  and 
might  be  made  worse  by  any  shock.  The 
others  went  to  the  Tombs.  It  is  said  to 
bo  the  first  conviction  under  section  580 
of  the  Penal  Law,  which  makes  it  a  mis¬ 
demeanor  to  conspire  to  injure  trade  and 
commerce.  The  penalty  is  $500  fine  or  a 
year’s  imprisonment  or  both.  The  defend¬ 
ants  were  indicted  in  March.  1910,  after 
several  live  poultry  dealers  had  made  affi¬ 
davits  that  they  had  been  driven  out  of 
business  and  believed  that  there  was  a 
poultry  trust.  It  was  shown  at  the  trial 
that  the  commission  men  pooled  their  com¬ 
missions  and  the  jobbers,  who  bought  from 
the  commission  men,  pooled  their  profits 
and  that  the  two  pools  were  merged.  It 
was  said  that  by  means  of  this  double 
combination  the  commission  men  and  job¬ 
bers  controlled  the  wholesalers,  and  even 
the  retail  dealers.  The  minutes  of  their 
meetings  showed  that  they  had  gone  into 
the  retail  business  themselves  in  order  to 
discourage  competition.  Every  week  they 
sent  to  the  members  of  the  combination  the 
price  for  that  week.  They  were  brought  to 
trial  on  May  24,  and  with’  a  few  short  re¬ 
cesses  over  holidays  have  been  on  trial  con¬ 
tinuously  since  then.  It  was  necessary  for 
the  District  Attorney  to  go  back  to  the 
founding  of  the  trust  in  June,  1906,  when 
they  controlled  95  per  cent  of  the  live  poul¬ 
try  business  to  prove  his  case.  The  con¬ 
victed  dealers  were  each  sentenced  to  three 
months’  imprisonment  and  $500  fine. 

Two  people  were  killed  and  four  fatally 
injured  in  a  tornado  in  Divide  County, 
N.  D.,  August  15.  Scores  of  buildings  were 
razed.  Hundreds  of  the  small  homes  of  the 
settlers  are  in  ruins.  The  loss  of  stock 
is  hea#vy  and  crops  over  a  wide  area  of 
country  were  destroyed. 

Readjustment  of  the  methods  of  comput¬ 
ing  the  pay  of  railways  for  transporting  the 
mails  which  will  effect  an  annual  saving  of 
approximately  $39,000,000  was  recom¬ 
mended  to  Congress  August  15  by  Postmas¬ 
ter  General  Hitchcock.  He  proposes  to  pay 
the  railroads  on  the  basis  of  cost,  with  6 
per  rent  profit.  The  plan  provides  that  all 
railways  shall  report  annually  to  the  Post¬ 
master  General  the  expenses  incurred  in 
carrying  the  mails  so  that  the  department 
may  determine  the  cost  to  the  railways. 

FARM  AND  GARDEN.— The  New  York 
Food  Investigating  Commission  which  was 
created  recently  to  investigate  into  the 
purity,  prices,  production,  distribution  and 
consumption  of  food  staffs  and  farm  and 
dairy  products,  formally  organized  August 
9  by  electing  Senator  James  H.  O’Brien  of 
Brooklyn,  as  chairman  and  R.  A.  Pearson, 
commissioner  of  agriculture,  as  secretary. 
The  commission  decided  to  make  a  special 
study  of  the  milk  situation  in  this  State 
with  special  reference  to  prices  and  the  sale 
of  farm  products  on  commission.  A  commit¬ 
tee  is  to  be  appointed  to  draft  a  proposed 
plan  of  action  and  submit  it  to  the  commis¬ 
sion  for  its  approval. 

The  French  Minister  of  Agriculture  has 
been  officially  informed  that  Dr.  Doven  has 
successfully  completed  bis  experiments 
made  during  the  last  five  years  for  the 
cure  and  prevention  of  “fievre  aphteuse.”  or 
foot  and  mouth  disease,  among  cattle,  which 
is  now  prevalent  in  all  the  grazing  regions 
of  France,  especially  Normandy  and  the 
Bourbonnais.  Dr.  Doyen’s  method,  which  is 
approved  by  the  Agricultural  Society  of 
Rouen,  consists  in  inoculating  animals  with 
his  phagogene  solution  in  doses  varving 
according  to  the  weight  and  age  of  each. 
The  inoculations  during  the  period  of  incu¬ 
bation  arrest  the  disease.  Thev  also  pre¬ 
vent  its  development  if  made  within  three 
days  after  the  first  appearance  of  Ulcers 
on  the  month  or  feet.  Experiments  indi¬ 
cate  that  by  timely  inoculation  cattle,  pigs, 
and  sheep  are  rendered  immune  from  foot 
and  mouth  disease,  which  this  Summer  has 
caused  enormous  loss  to  French  farmers. 

The  Pennsylvania  lines  west  of  Pittsburg 
during  the  week  of  August  21,  will  operate 
over  a  portion  of  the  “Pan  Handle  Route,” 
a  seed-and-soil  lecture  train,  in  conjunction 
with  the  Ohio  State  College  of  Agriculture 
and  the  Ohio  Experiment  Station.  This 
will  be  the  first  of  a  number  of  special 
educational  trains  to  be  operated  by  the 
Pennsylvania  this  Fall  and  Winter  for  the 
special  benefit  of  agriculturists.  Illustrated 
bulletins  will  be  distributed  containing  ab¬ 
stracts  of  the  talks  given. 


The  “Recall”  in  the  Arizona  Constitution. 

Every  public  officer  in  the  State  of  Ari¬ 
zona  holding  an  elective  office,  either  by 
election  or  appointment,  is  subject  to  recall 
from  such  office  by  the  qualified  electors  of 
the  electoral  district  from  which  candidates 
are  elected  to  such  office.  Such  electoral 
district  may  include  the  whole  State.  Such 
number  of  said  electors  as  shall  equal  25 
per  cent,  of  the  number  of  votes  cast  at  the 
last  preceding  general  election  for  all  of 
the  candidates  for  the  office  held  by  such 
officer  may  by  petition,  which  shall  be 
known  as  a  recall  petition,  demand  his  re¬ 
call. 

Every  recall  petition  must  contain  a 
general  statement,  in  not  more  than  200 
words,  of  the  grounds  of  such  demand,  and 
must  be  filed  in  the  office  in  which  peti¬ 
tions  for  nominations  to  the  office  held  by 
the  incumbent  are  required  to  be  filed 


If  said  officer  shall  offer  his  resignation, 
it  shall  be  accepted  and  the  vacancy  filled 
as  may  be  provided  by  law.  If  he  shall 
not  resign  within  five  days  after  a  recall 
petition  is  filed,  a  special  election  shall  bo 
ordered  to  be  held,  not  less  than  20  nor 
more  than  30  days  after  such  order,  to  de¬ 
termine  whether  such  officers  shall  be  re¬ 
called.  On  the  ballot  at  said  election  shall 
be  printed  the  reasons,  as  set  forth  in  the 
petition,  for  demanding  his  recall,  and  in 
not  more  than  200  words  the  officer’s  justi¬ 
fication  of  his  cause  in  office.  He  shall’  con¬ 
tinue  to  perform  the  duties  of  his  office 
until  the  result  of  said  election  shall  have 
been  officially  declared. 

_  Unless  he  otherwise  requests,  in  writing, 
his  name  shall  be  placed,  as  a  candidate 
on  the  official  ballot,  without  nomination. 
Other  candidates  for  the  office  may  be 
nominated  to  be  voted  for  at  said  election. 
The  candidate  who  shall  receive  the  highest 
number  of  votes  shall  be  declared  elected 
for  the  remainder  of  the  term.  Unless  the 
incumbent  receive  the  highest  number  of 
votes,  he  shall  be  deemed  to  be  removed 
from  office  upon  qualification  of  Ids  suc¬ 
cessor. 


a  1  I  T7  \_f  A  V  Jl  V  • 

Birthday  of  a  City  Farmer. 

Saturday,  August  5. — We  are  celebrating 
my  fifty-seventh  birthday,  scrubbing  and 
preparing  for  the  county  fair  next  week  15 
registered  bacon  hogs.  We  may  not  win  a 
ribbon,  but  the  experience  is  worth  the 
effort,  and  we  shall  have  done  our  duty  in 
helping  to  make  the  fair  a  success.  I  am  a 
city  farmer,  which  means  that  I  am  em¬ 
ployed  in  the  city  under  circumstances 
which  permit  me  to  live  in  the  country. 
Ten  years  of  this  life  have  been  filled  with 
the  greatest  pleasure,  hard  work  and  valu¬ 
able  experiences.  The  farm  of  100  acres  is 
a  picturesque  collection  of  clay  hills  and 
ravines  running  down  to  the  Olentangv 
River  ;  just  such  a  place  as  would  catch  the 
eyes  of  a  city  man  of  moderate  means,  look¬ 
ing  for  a  pretty  country  home,  and  willing 
to  take  a  chance  on  the  possible  fertility 
of  such  of  the  land  as  could  be  cultivated. 
I  took  this  chance  and  have  never  re¬ 
gretted  it.  for  there  is  much  satisfaction  in 
the  thought  that  one  has  aided  Mother 
Nature  in  supplanting  ragweed,  burdock 
and  thistles  with  clover.  Alfalfa  and  corn. 
But  for  the  farmer  who  must  hire  all  labor 
there  is  no  opportunity  for  profit  in  diver¬ 
sified  farming  on  such  a  place.  Yesterday 
we  thrashed  our  oats  and  wheat.  The  oats 
wore  almost  a  failure,  owing  to  the  drought 
in  May,  yielding  only  10  bushels  per  acre, 
while  the  wheat  ran  18.  In  either  case  the 
cost  of  preparation,  seed,  fertilizers  and 
harvesting  exceeded  the  value  of  the  crop. 

This  is  why  we  devote  our  whole  energy 
to  the  raising  of  purebred  hogs,  and  wo 
raise  the  bacon  type  Yorkshires,  because 
the  local  butcher  prefers  them,  because 
many  hog  breeders,  especially  in  the  East 
and  South  where  leguminous  crops  can  be 
grown  and  utilized  for  hog  growing  in 
preference  to  corn,  give  a  steady  and  in¬ 
creasing  demand  for  the  choicest  animals 
for  brooding  purposes.  By  specializing  in 
this  manner,  making  the  little  dairy,  the 
orchard  and  all  else  subsidiary  to  the  hogs, 
and  by  keeping  book  account  and  a  diarv, 
we  know  what  we  are  doing,  and  I  am 
pleased  to  advise  that  the  balance  is  on 
the  right  side  of  the  ledger.  With  an 
ideal  place  to  live  and  raise  grand-children, 
birthdays,  which  seem  to  come  a  trifle  more 
often  than  they  formerly  did,  bring  no  fear 
as  to  what  shall  become  of  us  in  our  de- 
clining  days.  w.  h.  fisher. 

Ohio. 

A  Broken  "Man  on  a  Small  Farm. 

1  bad  the  misfortune  to  break  three  ribs 
and  slightly  injure  my  spine  by  falling  on 
the  side  of  a  metal  washtub.  This  has  kept 
me  laid  up  more  or  less  ever  since.  I  was 
away  from  home  when  hurt,  and  July  2 
they  brought  me  home.  I  saw  that  things 
looked  bad  on  my  five-acre  ranch.  It  was 
up  to  my  wife  and  self  to  do  the  work, 
°<>  u0?0  ,e?s,e  being  available.  The  fire 
blight,  which  is  invading  our  neighborhood, 
had  reached  the  orchard,  and  five  trees 
(Transcendent  crabs)  had  to  be  cut  down, 
and  burned  at  once.  There  were  also 
about  20  Alexander  apple  trees  that  had 
to  be  cut  severely,  and  the  wounds  disin- 
fected  with  corrosive  sublimate  solution. 
\Vhiie  I  was  burning  up  this  brush,  my 
wife  having  helped  with  the  pruning — 
rather  hard  work  on  my  ribs — she  tried 
my  knapsack  pump  on  the  potatoes,  which 
looked  as  if  the  potato  bugs  would  get  all 
if  left  another  day.  She  found  it  alto¬ 
gether  too  heavy  work  for  her.  This  was 
bad,  so  she  called  on  me  to  suggest  some 
alternative.  A  small  watering  pot  was 
the  only  utensil  we  could  find  that  she 
could  use.  By  having  an  eight-year-old 
boy  carry  the  arsenate  of  lead  solution 
(hve  pounds  to  50  gallons)  in  a  10-pound 
lard  pail  to  her  she  covered  the  acre  that 
day  so  effectually  that  no  hugs  have  ap- 
peared.  since.  Her  arm  was  stiff  for  a 
long  time 'after,  however.  In  the  mean¬ 
time  I  managed  to  get  the  irrigating  water 
turned  on  in  time  to  save  some  of  the 
trees  that  looke<l  like  dyin^,  and  two  vorv 
tired  people  ate  a  late  supper,  and  stayed 
5e<!  lato  the  uext  morning  feeling  as  if 
they  had  saved  their  country  once  more. 
The  moral  is m.  That  on  those  five-acre 
fruit  farms,  if  the  owner  gets  laid  up  and 
out  of  the  way  for  a  week  or  so  the  result 
not  only  of  a  season  but  of  many  voars’ 
work  is  liable  to  be  lost.  Those  Transcend¬ 
ent  crab  trees  were  10  years  old.  and  had 
a  full  crop.  Had  I  been  home  I  might 
have  saved  them  by  cutting  out  the  blight 
promptly,  as  I  did  the  other  trees.  The 
potato  crop  also  was  onlv  saved  bv  the 
skin  of  the  teeth.  11.  c.  b.  colvili 

Montana. 

We  have  had  a  very,  very  dry  season,  not 
0V®V,  an  mch  of  I’ain  from  late  in  March 
until  July  24,  when  we  had  a  nice  shower, 
and  a  still  better  one  on  August  1  \ti 
crops  will  be  short,  hay  probably  the  short¬ 
est,  but  gardens  as  bad.  Wells,  brooks  and 
ponds  are  dry,  and  many  new  wells  beiii" 
dug,  and  more  talked  of.  e  p 

Connecticut. 

The  extreme  drought  of  the  past  three 
months  has  made  conditions  such  that  it 
begins  to  look  as  though  irrigation  is  the 
only  thing  that  can  be  done  to  help  out  the 
apple  and  peach  crop.  Corn  and  all  farm 
crops  are  suffering  just  as  badly.  Will 
Eastern  farmers  have  to  adopt  the  Western 
method  of  going  after  the  moisture  for  our 
ttr°Ps?  p  M 

Carmel,  Tnd. 


80-4 


August  20, 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

THOU  on  I? 

Some  day,  dear,  oue  of  us — we  twain — 

Will  watch  alone  in  tears, 

And  call  the  other  one  in  vain 
In  voice  of  hopeless  fears, 

As  in  death's  silence  one  of  us  shall  lie ; 
Which  shall  it  be,  dear,  thou  or  I? 

Were  one  of  us  by  death  bereft 
So  of  love’s  thought  and  speech, 

What  other  word  of  hope  is  left 
To  utter  each  to  each  ? 

So  one  shall  watch,  and  one  in  death  shall 
lie! 

Which  will  it  be,  dear,  thou  or  I? 

Beside  life’s  pathway  as  we  go, 

One  will  grow  faint  and  fail. 

And  sock  another  way  to  know 
Where  death  shall  not  prevail ; 

And  one  will  wait  alone  as  days  go  by, 

For  yet  a  longer  space, 

God’s  pitying  grace ; 

Which  shall  it  be,  dear,  thou  or  1? 

1  may-  be  first  to  understand 
The  life  so  far  from  thine ; 

Mine  may  be  woe  to  fold  thy  hand — 

Grown  still  and  cold — in  iniuo  ; 

As  sign  of  death  across  thy  breast  to  lie. 
God  chastens  other  so. 

Thank  Him,  we  do  not  know 
Which  it  will  be,  dear,  thou  or  I. 

— Harriet  Maxwell  Converse. 

* 

Among  advertised  canned  goods  we 
find  lentils,  with  the  recommendation 
that  they  have  been  favorites  for  5500 
years.  Their  use  certainly  goes  back  to 
the  dawn  of  history,  though  not  in  their 

modern  canned  form. 

* 

If  you  have  plenty  of  cucumbers,  try 
them  creamed.  Select  cucumbers  suit¬ 
able  for  salad,  peel,  slice,  and  boil  till 
tender  in  salted  water ;  then  drain,  put 
in  a  hot  dish,  and  cover  with  cream 
sauce,  scattering  chopped  parsley  over 
the  top. 

* 

“Onion  salt"  is  a  condiment  made  on 
the  same  principle  as  celery  salt,  and 
is  a  real  convenience  in  cooking.  One 
does  not  always  have  an  onion  at  hand, 
and  there  are  times,  too,  when  it  is 
more  convenient  to  shake  in  a  little  of 
the  prepared  condiment  than  to  peel  an 
onion,  especially  if  only  a  slice  or  two  of 
the  bulb  will  be  used. 

Blowing  soap  bubbles  not  only  pro¬ 
vides  a  fascinating  amusement  for  chil¬ 
dren,  but  it  possesses  real  utility  as 
well.  It  is  recommended  for  both  chil¬ 
dren  and  adults  with  weak  lungs,  as  be¬ 
ing  valuable  in  promoting  deep  breath¬ 
ing.  It  is  not  always  easy  to  induce  a 
narrow-chested  child  to  take  the  deep¬ 
breathing  exercises  so  beneficial  and 
necessary,  but  a  bowl  of  soapsuds  and  a 
new  clay  pipe  will  prove  alluring  enough 
to  drive  fresh  air  into  every  cell  of  the 
narrow  little  chest.  We  are  told  that 
blowing  bubbles  is  advised  in  the  case 
of  some  tuberculous  patients  as  a  means 

of  inducing  chest  expansion. 

* 

Japanese  toweling  has  been  referred 
to  before  as  an  attractive  linen  fabric 
printed  with  Japanese  designs  in  colors. 
It  is  used  for  curtain  borders,  table  run¬ 
ners.  bureau  scarfs,  and  a  number  of 
other  purposes  in  household  decoration. 
It  also  makes  pretty  handbags  to  carry 
with  Summer  dresses.  The  prettiest 
style  to  make  such  a  bag  is  mounted  on 
bangle  bracelets  of  imitation  ivory  or 
white  jade  for  handles.  These  brace¬ 
let  handles  finish  the  bag  very  prettily, 
and  are  safe  for  carrying,  as  when 
slipped  on  the  wrist  or  firmly  grasped 
the  bag  cannot  be  opened.  A  pair  of 
the  thick  silver  bangle  bracelets  popu¬ 
lar  a  few  years  ago  will  make  handsome 
mountings  for  a  bag  of  figured  or  bro¬ 
caded  silk. 

* 

We  were  recently  asked  to  give  a 
recipe  for  making  ice  cream  cones, 
which  we  were  unable  to  do,  as  these 
confections  are  made  by  a  special 
patented  process.  A  recent  news  item 
states  that  the  original  patentee  of  the 
ice  cream  cone,  a  Brooklyn,  N.  Y..  firm, 
has  brought  suit  in  Pittsburg  against  a 


THE  RURhL  NEW-YORKER 


firm  infringing  its  patent,  and  intends  to 
prosecute  such  infringements  through¬ 
out  the  country.  It  is  quite  evident 
that  this  ingenious  patent  is  an  enor¬ 
mously  valuable  one,  for  Americans  are 
inveterate  ice  cream  eaters,  and  the  in¬ 
formal  convenience  of  the  little  wafer 
cone  made  it  a  favorite  from  its  first 
appearance.  We  are  not  at  all  sure, 
however,  that  the  ice  cream  cone  would 
receive  the  endorsement  of  Dr.  Wiley, 
under  the  conditions  we  sometimes  ob¬ 
serve  connected  with  its  street  sale. 

* 

We  know  very  little  about  Papua,  ex¬ 
cept  that  it  is  the  southeastern  portion 
of  the  island  of  New  Guinea,  in  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  so  we  were  inter¬ 
ested  recently  in  some  accounts  of  a 
journey  into  the  interior  on  the  part  of 
some  British  officials.  The  Goaribari 
natives,  who  acted  as  carriers  to  the  ex¬ 
pedition,  are  described  as  inveterate 
thieves,  whose  favorite  ornaments  are 
the  lids  of  cocoa  tins  worn  in  the  ears. 
Their  canoes  are  hollowed-out  tree 
trunks,  stopped  with  mud  at  each  end, 
and  when  the  mud  melts  a  boy  sits 
wedged  tight  into  the  end  to  save  the 
ship.  White  cockatoos,  hornbills,  and 
crested  Goura  pigeons  were  plentiful 
along  the  Kikori  River,  also  tree  snakes 
seven  feet  long.  The  snakes  were  re¬ 
garded  as  sacred  in  some  localities. 
After  leaving  the  river,  where  the  boats 
had  been  capsized  by  rapids,  the  expedi¬ 
tion  had  to  cut  its  way  through  thick 
scrub,  traveling  single  file.  Apart  from 
leeches,  wild  pigs,  insects,  and  casso¬ 
waries  there  was  very  little  life  in  this 
great  scrub.  On  the  eighth  day  the  ex¬ 
pedition  came  out  of  the  fiat  country, 
and  climbed  a  mountain  of  coral  rock 
over  5,000  feet  high,  upon  which  they 
spent  a  very  miserable  night  without 
water,  and  wet  through  from  the  rain. 
Even  on  this  mountain  they  had  to  cut 
their  way  through  heavy  scrub.  On 
their  descent  they  saw  natives,  who  were 
waiting  for  them  with  bows  and  arrows. 
Attempts  to  make  friends  were  received 
with  shouts  of  derision.  Even  turkey 
twill,  cocoa-tin  lids,  and  tomahawks 
would  not  tempt  these  inland  natives. 
In  the  huts  a  number  of  skulls  lay  about 
the  floor.  Pigs  were  kept  beneath  the 
house.  Mangy  dogs  slept  in  the  houses 
with  the  family.  Altogether  Papuan 
home  life  did  not  seem  very  tempting. 
During  a  part  of  the  trip  the  expedi¬ 
tion  was  on  short  rations,  subsisting 
chiefly  on  sago  pith  prepared  in  the  na¬ 
tive  manner,  and  great  anxiety  was  felt 
in  Australia  as  to  the  fate  of  the  ex¬ 
plorers,  as  there  were  but  two  white 
men,  with  a  small  detachment  of  native 
Papuan  police  and  carriers. 


Business  Management  at  Home. 

A  bulletin  issued  by  the  home 
economics  course  of  the  University  of 
Wisconsin  says  that  $10,000,000,000  is 
spent  annually  in  the  United  States  for 
food,  clothing  and  shelter,  and  adds 
that  90  per  cent  of  this  sum  is  spent  by 
women  who  have  no  adequate  knowl¬ 
edge  of  money  value.  In  any  other 
phase  of  life,  it  is  pointed  out,  the  per¬ 
sons  intrusted  with  such  expenditures 
would  be  required  to  pass  through  a 
rigid  system  of  training.  Women  are 
subject  to  the  skill  of  the  advertiser, 
without  any  knowledge  that  will  enable 
them  to  determine  whether  a  certain 
advertised  article  is  worth  what  is 
claimed  for  it  or  whether  it  will  be  of 
any  value  in  the  home.  The  average 
homemaker  disposes  of  money  as  her 
mother  did  before  her,  or  as  her  neigh¬ 
bor  spends  her  money.  The  State  is 
taxed,  the  bulletin  continues,  to  pro¬ 
vide  instruction  in  the  principles  gov¬ 
erning  the  production  of  raw  material 
and  the  manufacture  of  these  raw  ma¬ 
terials  into  the  finished  product.  Wo¬ 
men  should  be  trained  to  use  this 
material  so  that  there  will  be  the  least 
waste  and  best  results  obtained.  While 


this  sounds  like  a  severe  arraignment  of 
the  average  housekeeper,  it  is  still  a  fact 
that  a  great  proportion  of  our  house¬ 
wives  do  not  have  a  free  hand  in  direct¬ 
ing  the  family  expenditures ;  money  is 
doled  out  to  them  grudgingly,  or  as  of 
necessity,  and  not  as  a  recognized  right 
of  their  share  in  the  family  partnership. 
It  is  not  surprising  if  they  do  not  show 
to  the  statistician  an  administrative  abil¬ 
ity  that  is  denied  to  them  by  those 
nearest  them.  All  writers  on  domestic 
economy  agree  in  giving  French  women, 
as  a  whole,  the  highest  place  as  busi¬ 
ness  managers  in  their  family  affairs, 
but  it  must  be  remembered  that  both 
law  and  custom  in  France  define  the 
wife's  status  so  clearly  that  she  is  both 
domestic  head  and  business  partner  to 
her  husband.  We  think  that  family 
finance  should  be  studied  together  by 
the  man  who  earns  the  money  and  the 
woman  he  selects  to  administer  his 
household ;  that  the  relative  proportion 
of  expenditure  as  regards  food,  dress 
and  other  expenses  should  be  de¬ 
cided  upon,  and  strictly^  adhered  to — 
with  a  margin  for  the  unexpected.  It  is 
a  disadvantage  that  the  income  on  many 
farms  is  so  variable  it  seems  inconven¬ 
ient  to  give  the  wife  a  regular  house¬ 
keeping  allowance,  and  she  is  thus  often 
unable  to  plan  her  expenditures  before¬ 
hand,  and  thus  buy  to  the  best  advan¬ 
tage. 

Driving  Away  Ants. 

L.  F.,  of  New  Jersey,  in  July  1  issue 
wants  remedy  to  clear  house  of  black 
ants.  I  have  used  this  with  success : 
Equal  parts  of  borax  and  pulverized 
sugar,  put  where  they  run,  and  about 
food  dishes,  and  they  disappear. 

H.  A.  D. 

Lentil  Soup. 

A  simple  recipe  and  one  which  makes 
a  delicious  and  at  the  same  time  a 
“hearty”  soup  is  the  following,  from 
Marion  Harland’s  Cook  Book:  “Pick 
over  and  wash  one  cupful  of  lentils,  soak 
three  hours,  and  put  them  on  to  cook  in 
one  quart  of  boiling  water.  Let  them 
cook  very  slowly  until  soft,  and  the 
water  reduced  one-half.  Rub  the  pulp 
through  a  strainer,  add  one  pint  of  milk 

and  when  boiling  thicken  with  one  table¬ 
spoonful  of  flour  cooked  in  a  tablespoon¬ 
ful  of  butter.  Season  with  paprika,  salt 
and  a  little  sugar,  and  serve  with  crou¬ 
tons.”  We  prefer,  however,  to  omit  the 
sugar.  Rubbing  through  the  strainer 
may  be  made  less  tedious  by  running  the 
pulp  first  through  the  meat  grinder. 

H.  B.  T. 


State  Fair 

Syracuse,  New  York 

September  11-16,  1911 

Agricultural  and 
Industrial  Exhibition 

Demonstrations  and  Illustrated 
Lectures  in  Many  Departments 

President  Wm.  H.  Taft  and 
Gov.  John  A.  Dix  to  Speak 

Grand  Circuit  Races 
Automobile  Races 
Aeroplane  Flights 

Concerts  by  Pryor’s  Band 


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lor  your  fruit  and  vege¬ 
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tight  with  a  light  push  of  your 
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Nothing  to  screw  or  unscrew. 


ATLAS 
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see 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Scrap  Books. 

The  first  scrap  book  that  I  remem¬ 
ber  was  made  by  my  busy  mother,  and 
I  have  it  yet.  It  is  a  little  book  on 
the  back  of  which  is  the  word  “Regis¬ 
ter,”  and  “1845.”  Apparently  it  was 
started  in  her  young  married  life,  when 
cook  books  were  not  as'  easily  obtained 
as  they  are  now,  but  the  mother  of  seven 
children  has  more  than  cooking  to  think 
about,  so  next  to  the  rule  for  “Half- 
hour  Pudding”  comes  “A  Cure  for  Sore 
Throat,”  and  “Currant  Jelly”  is  a  near 
neighbor  to  “To  Remove  Ink  Spots.” 
Then  “New  Method  of  Making  Cheese” 
and  “How  to  Start  a  Balky  Plorse”  hob¬ 
nob  comfortably  with  the  list  of  the 
names  of  Queen  Victoria’s  children, 
and  “An  Eloquent  Picture  of  Our  Sa¬ 
viour”  and  a  quotation  from  Abraham 
Lincoln,  on  slavery. 

A  scrap  book  of  my  maiden  days 
contains  clippings  that  I  had  saved  in 
my  writing  desk  for  years.  There  are 
helpful  poems,  copied  quotations  that 
appealed  to  me  as  I  read  “Paradise 
Lost,  ’  “Adam  Bede”  and  other  books, 
typewritten  scraps  that  friends  have 
sent  me,  an  occasional  Madonna,  or 
other  fine  picture,  a  story  of  Phillips 
Brooks,  sketches  of  the  150th  anniver¬ 
sary  celebration  of  my  old  home  church, 
and  of  our  old  home  week  celebration, 
bits  about  the  school  from  which  I  was 
graduated,  and  a  copy  of  the  promises 
that  comforted  my  dying  mother. 

Next  came  the  family  scrap  book  that 
I  found  when  I  entered  my  husband’s 
family,  and  which  I  have  kept  up.  This 
is  a  hit-or-miss  collection,  too.  There 
are  clippings  about  unusual  “spells  of 
w  :ith(t,”  earthquakes,  births,  gradu¬ 
ations,  marriages  and  deaths  in  the 
household,  and  among  relatives,  bits  of 
humor  too  good  to  be  forgotten,  sun 
spots,  sketches  of  noted  people,  poems, 
wise  and  otherwise,  happenings  about 
town,  and  anything  and  everything  that 
we  would  wish  to  remember. 

One  Christmas  a  friend  sent  me  a 
scrap  book  made  up  of  the  nature 
sketches  of  Winthrop  Packard,  which 
she  had  clipped  from  the  Boston  Tran¬ 
script,  and  a  very  entertaining  and  in¬ 
structive  book  it  is.  From  it  I  learned 
much  about  butterflies,  which  I  have 
used  since  in  studying  those  beautiful 
creatures  in  life.  This  book  gave  me 
an  idea  for  another  Christmas.  My 
sister  much  enjoys  birds,  and  has 
learned  to  know  many  of  them  both 
by  plumage  and  by  song.  She  studies 
the  heavens,  and  is  learning  to  trace 
out  the  constellations,  and  she  delights 
in  flowers  and  ferns.  So  another  scrap 
book  is  started,  into  which  will  go  ar¬ 
ticles  that  I  have  been  saving  for  it. 
Interesting  things  about  these  loved  sub¬ 
jects  are  frequently  to  be  found  in 
papers  that  may  be  clipped,  and  the 
book  grows.  It  is  simply  a  catalogue 
with  stiff  covers.  I  keep  one  leaf  and 
remove  two,  throughout  the  book.  The 
leaves  happen  to  be  pink,  which  makes 
it  prettier.  When  there  is  a  wide  mar¬ 
gin  that  the  printed  articles  do  not 
cover,  I  write  in  short  quotations  from 
\  an  Dyke,  Frank  Bolles  or  some  other 
of  our  delightful  nature  writers. 

This  sister  of  mine  is  a  woman  of 
more  than  50  years,  with  uncertain 
health,  and  with  many  cares,  but  a  few 
years  ago,  the  way  was  opened  for  her 
to  obtain  a  field  glass  and  a  good  bird 
book,  and  she  entered  into  the  study 
of  birds  with  the  enthusiasm  of  youth. 
She  said  she  had  always  wanted  to 
know  the  birds.  The  happiness  it  has 
given  this  woman,  burdened  as  she  is, 
makes  me  wish  that  all  housekeepers 
might  have  such  a  hobby  for  spare  mo¬ 
ments.  There  is  no  question  in  my 
mind  that  my  sister  will  enjoy  her  na¬ 
ture  scrap  book  when  she  receives  it, 
and  it  is  easy  to  see  how  such  books 
could  be  made  for  friends,  as  Christ¬ 
mas  gifts,  containing  matter  suited  to 
their  respective  tastes.  Early  in  the 
jear  is  a  good  time  to  begin  to  prepare 
such  a  gift.  e.  f.  m. 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  patterns  and  measurements 
desired. 

The  first  group  shows  7125,  blouse  or 
tennis  waist,  for  misses  and  small 
women ;  14,  16  and  18  years.  6988, 
French  blouse  with  sailor  collar ;  34  to 
40  bust.  7109,  long  or  three-quarter 


length  coat,  for  misses  and  small 
women ;  14,  16  and  18  years.  7129,  one 
or  two-piece  circular  skirt,  22  to  32 
waist,  in  walking  length  or  with  train, 
with  high  or  natural  waist  line.  7112, 
boy’s  Russian  blouse  suit;  2,  4  and  6 
years.  Price  of  each  10  cents. 

The  second  group  includes  7114,  shirt 
waist  for  misses  and  small  women ;  14, 
16  and  18  years.  7101,  negligee  in  peas¬ 
ant  style,  for  misses  and  small  women; 


14,  16  and  18  years,  with  under-arm 
gores,  and  sleeves  that  can  be  gathered 
into  cuffs  or  left  loose.  7110,  sailor  suit 
for  misses  and  small  women ;  14,  16  and 
18  years.  7117,  skirt  with  tunic  effect; 
22  to  30  waist.  7118,  girl’s  dress;  8,  10 
and  12  years,  with  high  or  round  neck, 
with  short,  loose  or  three-quarter 
sleeves  gathered  into  bands.  Price  of 
each  10  cents. 


Fruit  Desserts. 

Plum  Trifle. — Cut  damson  plums  in 
half  and  cook  until  tender  in  a  little 
syrup;  drain  and  rub  the  pulp  through 
a  coarse  sieve ;  to  a  cup  of  the  pulp 
when  cold  add  the  whites  of  four  eggs 
beaten  to  a  stiff  froth ;  fill  small  glass 
cups  half  full  of  vanilla  custard  and 
when  ,cold  put  a  large  spoonful  of  the 
trifle  on  top,  heaping  it  up  roughly. 
Serve  very  cold. 

Red  Raspberry  Sponge. — One  quart  of 
berries,  one-half  box  gelatin,  one  and 
one-half  cups  water,  one  cup  of  sugar, 
juice  of  one  lemon,  beaten  whites  of 
four  eggs.  Soak  gelatin  in  one-half  cup 
of  the  water;  wash  the  berries  and  add 
half  the  sugar  to  them;  boil  the  re¬ 


mainder  of  sugar  and  cup  of  water 
gently  20  minutes;  rub  berries  through 
a  hair  sieve ;  add  gelatin  to  boiling 
syrup ;  take  from  the  fire  and  add  berry 
juice;  place  the  dish  in  pan  of  ice  water 
and  beat  with  egg  beater  five  minutes; 
add  beaten  whites  and  beat  until  it  be¬ 
gins  to  thicken.  Pour  into  well  wet 
molds  and  set  on  ice.  Serve  with  cream. 

Baba  with  Raspberries. — This  is  a 
French  dessert  and  is  very  nice.  The 
baba,  served  without  the  syrup  dressing 
and  fruit,  makes  a  nice  coffee  cake.  One- 
half  pound  of  bread  flour,  one-half  cake 
of  compressed  yeast  dissolved  in  three 
tablespoon  fuls  of  cold  water.  Add 
enough  of  the  flour  to  make  a  dough 
to  knead.  When  elastic,  drop  into  the 
rest  of  the  flour,  letting  the  flour  lightly 
cover  it.  When  the  yeast  begins  to  work 
and  break  through  the  flour  add  two 
tablespoonfuls  of  sugar,  half  a  teaspoon¬ 
ful  of  salt,  a  generous  half-cup  of  sof¬ 
tened  but  not  melted  butter,  three  whole 
eggs  and  the  yolk  of  another  and  beat 
with  the  hand  until  the  mixture  sepa¬ 
rates  from  the  hand.  Turn  into  a 
Turk’s  head  mold  (with  tube  in  the 
center),  filling  the  mold  to  about  half 
its  height.  Set  to  rise  and  when  the 
mold  is  full  bake  in  a  rather  hot  oven. 
When  baked  the  baba  should  be  of  a 
straw  color.  Turn  at  once  from  the 
mold  and  pour  over  it  a  syrup  made  by 
boiling  three-fourths  of  a  cup  of  sugar 
and  a  cup  and  a  half  of  water  until  re¬ 
duced  one-half,  then  adding  one-fourth 
a  cup  of  fruit  juice.  When  the  syrup 
is  absorbed  and  the  cake  is  cool  slide 
onto  a  serving  dish.  Fill  the  opening 
with  sugared  raspberries  (or  any  pre¬ 
ferred  fruit.)  Serve  more  berries  in 
a  dish  apart.  Cream  may  be  passed 
with  it. 

Cherry  Cups. — Sift  together  one  pint 
of  flour,  one  teaspoonful  of  baking  pow¬ 
der,  one  teaspoon ful  of  sugar  and  one- 
fourth  teaspoon ful  of  salt.  Add  gradu¬ 
ally  sufficient  milk  to  make  a  drop  bat¬ 
ter,  and  stir  in  lastly  two  tablespoonfuls 
of  melted  butter.  Butter  some  large 
cups,  drop  in  each  a  spoonful  of  the 
batter,  then  a  spoonful  of  pitted  cherries 
and  another  spoonful  of  batter.  Steam 
for  half  an  hour  and  serve  with  plain 
gweet  sauce  or  cream. 


ASK  FOR 


PRINTS 


Quality 
that  is  never  lowered 

Three  generations  of  women 
have  worn  these  beautiful 
black  dress-goods  because  of 
their  unvarying  high  quality 
that  “pays  to  make  up.’’ 

Simpson  -  Eddystone 
Solid  Black  Prints 

are  high-grade  calicoes  of 
enduring  quality ;  and  the  in¬ 
tense  fast  color  is  as  lasting 
as  the  cotton  fabric  itself. 
They  are  backed  by  68  years’ 
experience. 

Show  this  advertisement  to  your 
dealer  when  you  order,  and  don’t 
accept  substitutes.  If  not  in  your 
dealer’s  stock  write  us  his  name 
and  address.  We’ll  help  him  sup¬ 
ply  you. 

The  Eddystone  Mfg.  Co.,  Philad’a 


I  Founded  1842  by  Wm.  Simpson  Sr. 


“RANGER”  BICYCLES 

Have  imported  roller  chains,  sprockets  and 
jye7°  DfParture  Coaster- Brakes  and 
Hubs;  Puncture  Proof  Tires:  highest  grade 
t  equipment  and  many  advanced  features  pos¬ 
sessed  by  no  other  wheels.  Guaranteed*  yr  s, 

FACTORY  PRICES  Sit  e 

others  ask  for  cheap  wheels.  Other  reliable 
models  from  $12  up.  A  few  good  second¬ 
hand  machines  $3  to  $8. 

1 0  DAYS’FREE  TRIAL”:"? 

pro**!,  freight  prepaid,  anywhere  in  U.  S., 
■without  a  cent  in  advance.  DO  NOT  BUY  a 
bicycle  or  a  pair  of  tires  from  anyone  at  any 
, price  until  you  get  our  big  new  catalog  and 
spcfi&t  Prices  and  a  marvelous  ttezu  ojf'er . 
A  postal  brings  everything.  Write  it  nozo. 

I  I R  F X  ^oa8^er Brake RearWlieels,  lamps, 
a  Bl!lkg  Parts»  and  sundries  half  usual  prices. 
Kiaor  Agent. 8  everywhere  are  coining  money  selling  our  bi¬ 
cycles,  tires  and  sundries.  Write  todav. 

MEAD  CYCLE  CO.,  Dept.  B  80,  CHICAGO 


FUMA 


fiF'IIBfl  A  99  kins  Prairie  Dogg, 

Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
and  Grain  Insects. 
“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

ewith  “Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  ’\fe  £!** 

EDWARD  R.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Van,  N.  y‘. 


jjggj «!«!**.■  «Ti»yyny  I»«— « < 


The 

Grocer 9 s 
Answer 

“No.  Madam,  we  don't  sell  soda 
crackers  by  the  pound  any  more. 

“No  matter  what  precautions  are 
taken,  bulk  soda  crackers  absorb  dust 
and  moisture.  In  a  few  days  the  crackers 
become  musty  and  soggy,  and  taste  like  most 
anything  except  a  good  cracker. 

If  you  want  a  light,  dainty  soda  cracker — a 
cracker  that  tastes  as  if  it  just  came  from 
the  oven,  then  take  home  a  box  of  Uneeda 
Biscuit. 

“These  soda  crackers  are  crisp  and 
full  flavored  throughout. 

“When  you  get  them  home, 
open  the  package  and  you’ll 
see  how  fresh,  firm  and 
flaky  the  moisture- 
proof  packagekeeps 
them.” 

Never  sold 
in  bulk 


moisiitre-praof 
ggHBHKS  package 

national  biscuit  COMPANY 


see 

Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

THE  BROWN  SWISS  BREED  OF  CATTLE. 

It  is  a  general  characteristic  of  the 
Brown  Swiss  cows  to  show  a  high  de¬ 
gree  of  efficiency  in  converting  feed 
into  milk  or  into  flesh,  and  a  pronounced 
characteristic  that  they  are  not  of  a 
nervous  disposition  or  habit.  It  is  not 
necessary  to  keep  strangers  out  of  the 
barn  or  to  avoid  talking  at  milking  time. 
A  barnful  of  them,  or  a  single  one.  will 
go  on  stolidly  giving  the  regular  yield 
of  milk,  undisturbed  through  a  com¬ 
motion  that  will  quite  demoralize  more 
nervous  cows.  Growing  out  of  the 
strength  of  constitution  and  the  absence 
of  nervous  fidgets  is  the  characteristic 
long  life  of  the  Swiss  breed.  At  11  or 
12  years  of  age  the  cows  are  in  their 
prime.  It  is  probable  that  the  Brown 
Swiss  race  has  quite  a  different  origin 


the  rural  new-yorker 


August 


Foul  in  Foot. 

I  have  a  calf  three  months  old  that  has 
sore  feet.  There  seems  to  be  matter  be¬ 
tween  the  hoofs.  I  am  washing  it  wTith 
green  vitriol  but  it  does  not  seem  to  get 
well.  Will  you  tell  me  what  to  do? 

Maine.  J.  A.  D. 

Stop  washing  the  feet.  Cut  away  all 
loose  and  under-run  horn  of  feet.  Cover 
sores  with  calomel,  cotton  batting  and  ban¬ 
dage,  and  renew  the  dressing  daily  for  a 
week;  then  apply  pine  tar,  if  sores  seem 
to  be  healed.  Keep  calf  out  of  wet  and 
filth. 

Chorea. 

1.  I  have  a  yearling  mule  that  had  some- 
think  like  cramps  in  his  hind  legs  last 
Winter,  and  he  could  scarcely  walk  at  times. 
I  supposed  when  warm  weather  came  the 
cramps  would  leave  him,  but  have  not  al¬ 
together  done  so.  Do  you  thiuk  he  will  out¬ 
grow  it  or  is  some  treatment  necessary?  He 
staid  in  open  shed  during  Winter.  2.  I  also 
have  another  mule,  same  age,  that  has  a 
small  rupture  at  navel.  The  place  is  en¬ 
larged  for  about  three  inches  across,  and 
about  half  an  inch  thick.  Do  you  think 
it  would  injure  it  for  work,  and  if  so,  could 
it  be  successfully  treated?  a.  g.  w. 

Virginia. 

1.  You  do  not  describe  the  symptoms 
shown  by  the  mule,  so  we  cannot  form  any 
definite  opinion  as  to  the  nature  of  the 
trouble.  Most  likely  it  is  chorea  (St.  Vitus’ 


BROWN  SWISS  CATTLE  FROM  VERMONT.  Fig.  343. 


from  the  races  of  western  Europe. 
There  are  indications  that  it  is  more 
ancient  than  any  of  the  other  established 
races.  They  have  been  bred  by  a  pas¬ 
toral  people  for  the  same  purpose,  in 
the  same  locality,  for  a  longer  time  than 
almost  any  other  breed.  Its  general 
character,  its  color  points,  its  points  of 
conformation,  are  probably  more  firmly 
fixed  than  those  of  any  other  breed.  As 
a  consequence  the  breed  characteristics 
are  readily  imparted  to  cross-bred  ani¬ 
mals  when  cows  of  other  breeds  or 
grades  of  other  breeds  are  bred  to  Swiss 
bulls.  Grade  Swiss  cattle,  even  of  the 
first  and  second  generations,  are  often 
hard  to  distinguish  by  their  conforma¬ 
tion  and  color  marks  from  purebred 
Swiss  animals.  The  grades  are  sure  to 
gain  in  dairy  qualities  over  their  dams, 
and  to  have  in  addition  size,  constitu¬ 
tion  and  hardiness. 

In  Brown  Swiss  cows  we  have  a  con¬ 
stitution  to  which  a  fair  amount  of  flesh 
is  normal,  a  contented  but  hearty  dis¬ 
position,  an  absence  of  worry,  but  a 
great  capacity  for  making  milk  and  but¬ 
ter  fat.  All  we  have  to  do  is  to  work 
in  accord  with  nature,  and  without  sac¬ 
rificing  anything  of  profitableness  for 
the  dairy,  we  have  a  strong  and  sturdy 
type  of  beauty,  and  especially  that  kind 
of  beauty  which  exemplifies  the  proverb, 
“Handsome  is  that  handsome  does.”  An 
average  herd  of  cows  in  milking  condi¬ 
tion  would  weigh  1300  to  1400  pounds 
each.  They  tend  to  take  on  fat  readily 
when  dry  and  give  it  off  slowly  when  in 
milk.  The  average  cow  when  fattened 
would  weigh  1500  pounds  or  more.  Bulls 
in  good  condition  would  weigh  from 
1700  to  2500  pounds.  The  Swiss  calf  at 
a  month  old  will  weigh  180  to  200 
pounds,  and  at  a  year  can  weigh  900 
pounds,  and  at  two  years  1500  pounds. 
The  highest  official  world's  record  in  a 
dairy  test  for  cows  away  from  home  is 
that  of  the  Brown  Swiss  cow  Brienz 
168,  made  at  Chicago  in  November, 
1891,  the  results  being  taken  and  cer¬ 
tified  to  by  the  officials  of  the  Univer¬ 
sity  of  Illinois.  In  three  days  she_  gave 
245  pounds  of  milk,  9.32  pounds  of  but¬ 
ter  fat,  and  11.66  pounds  of  butter. 

E.  R.  JAMIESON. 

Caledonia  Co.,  Vermont. 


dance)  and  incurable;  but  similar  symptoms 
arc  seen  where  through  weakness  of  the 
stifle  the  patella  slips  out  and  in  as  the 
animal  walks.  That  may  he  cured  by  rest 
and  repeatedly  blistering  the  stifles,  or  daily 
rubbing  with  strong  liniment.  2.  If  the 
rupture  is  increasing  in  size  have  it  oper¬ 
ated  upon  by  a  graduate  veterinarian;  other¬ 
wise  it  should  gradually  disappear  with 
growth  of  colt.  Blistering  such  a  rupture 
once  a  month  or  so  with  dilute  sulphuric 
acid  will  hasten  its  disappearance. 

a.  s.  A. 


4  re  Flies' 

Robbing  You 1 

Your  cows  can’t  convert  sufficient  food  into  milk  when 
pestered  with  itching,  blood  sucking  dies.  They  must 
have  peace,  quietness  and  rest.  Spray  your  barns  and 
cattle  with  CRKLOLL  and  you’ll  surely  get  bigger  profits 
at  the  milk  pail.  CKKL  OLL  gives  off  powerful  vapors, 
drives  flies  from  buildings — keeps  them  from  animals. 
Quite  harmless.  Keeps  sinks,  troughs,  garbage  cans, 
etc.,  odorless  and  sweet.  Only  #1.00  per  Quart 
—  IiiMts  long  time.  At  all  dealers  or  order  direct. 
CALEDONIA  CHEMICAL  CO.,  Caledonia,  N.  Y. 

OREL  OLL 


Terre  Haute  Veterinary  College 

A  complete  practical  course  in  Veterinary  Science. 

Write  today  for  catalogue  and  information. 
DU.  S.  V.  RAMSEY,  TERRE  HAUTE,  IXD. 


100  YEARS’  WORK 

And  Only 

One  Dollar  and  Fifteen  Cents 
For  Oil  and  Repairs 

A  regular  Sharpies  Dairy  Tubular  Cream 
Separator  recently  finished  work  equal  to  100 
years’  service  in  a  five  to  eight  cow  dairy. 
Here  is  the  record.  It  proves  that 

SHARPLES 

Tubular  Cream  Separators 

are  The  World’s  Best. 

Size  of  machine,  No.  4  Tubular 
Capacity  per  hour,  500  pounds 
Total  pounds  separated,  2.600.000 
Total  turns  of  crank,  14,352,000 
Total  cost  of  oil,  75  cents 
Total  cost  of  repairs,  40  cents 
Time  used  in  oiling,  15  minutes 
Time  repairing  and  adjusting,  20  minutes 

This  wonderful  record  was  made  by  a  regular 
Tubular  — just  like  Tubulars  that  are  rapidiy 
replacing  all  others.  Write  for  illustrated  ac¬ 
count  telling  all  about  it. 

You  will  finally  have  a  Dairy  Tubular  because 
it  contains  no  disks,  has  twice 
the  skimming  force  of  others, 
skims  faster  and  twice  as  clean. 
Repeatedly  pays  for  itself  by 
saving  what  others  lose.  Wears 
a  lifetime.  Guaranteed  forever 
by  America’s  oldest  and  world’s 
biggest  separator  concern. 
Write  for  free  trial.  Other 
separators  taken  in  exchange.  Ask 
for  catalogue  No.  153 


30 

yrs 


THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO.fc 

WEST  CHESTER,  PA. 

Chicago,  III.*  San  Francisco,  Co!.,  Portland, Ore. 
Toronto,  Can.  Winnipeg,  Can. 


DAIRY  CATTIjE~| 


REG.  HOLSTEIN  MALE  CALVES 


I 


Closely  related  to  champions  of  the  world 
at  Dinners’  prices.  Fine  individuals,  nicely 
marked.  Fifty  per  cent  below  value. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Write  today. 

F.  H.  RIVENBURGH,  HILLHURST  FARM,  MUNNSVILLE,  N.  Y. 


I 


ROCHROANE JERSEY  HERD 

Write  for  our  next  price  list. 

(  Karnak’s  Neble  P  4330  C. 

Calves  frem  Fontaine’s  Chief  P  4153  H.  C. 

(  Rochreane’s  Golden  Courage  852. 3 

M.  A.  TRAVIS  (Supt  for  S.  M.  Beltzhoover), 
Irvington,  New  York. 


For  Sale-Three  Registered  Holstein  Cattle 

One 2  years,  one  3  years  and  one  4  years  old.  All 
due  to  freshen  next  month  (September).  Also  one 
pair  of  young  mules,  full  brother  and  sister,  three 
and  four  years  old,  10  hands  high,  and  will  make  a 
big  pair  when  filled  out;  thoroughly  broken  to  all 
kinds  of  farm  work.  Have  four  pairs  large  mules; 
will  sell  any  pair  of  these;  don’t  wait. 

HICKORY  GROVE  FARM,  OWEGO,  N.Y. 

SIR  AAGGIE  LINCOLN  OE  KOLOS'S 

way,  born  Jan.  1,  half  white,  by  Belus  Lincoln,  out 
of  Pansy  Aaggie  Queen.  Price  only  $75  f,  o.  b. 
crated.  Cl, OVERDALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

HOLSTE  INS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU.  SOMERVILLE  N.  J. 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLST  El  N-FRI  ESI  A  N  ASS'N  OF  AMERICA 
F.L. HOUGHTON. SECY. SOX  I05.BRATTLEBORO.VT. 


dale  Herd  of 


OAKLAND  FARM  HOLSTEINS 

FINE  INDIVIDUALS— LARGE  PRODUCERS 

Choice  YOUNG  BULLS  For  Sale 

Write,  stating  just  what  you  want. 

T.  A.  MITCHELL,  Weedaport,  N.  Y. 


X  .  .  A  A. 


DUTCH  BELTED 


CHAS.  STEWART  DAVISON 
60  Wall  St.,  New  York  City 


—Jersey  Bull  Calves 
you  can  alford  to 
buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  R.  F. 
SHANNON,  !)U7  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Breed  Up— Not  Down 


AT  LAUREL  FARM 

we  have  on  hand  some  half-dozen  sons  of  Ferns’ 
Jubilee,  73852,  A.  J.  O.  C.,  from  ten  months  down 
to  a  few  days  old.  All  out  of  good  cows.  Discount 
price  for  next  thirty  days. 

J.  GRANT  MOUSE,  Hamilton,  N,  Y. 


IS  "W- 1  3NT  3E3 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

...  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES. 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Havel  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Pionrietor,  Marhledale,  Conn. 


LARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOO  — Regular  Summer 
Offering  of  Bred  Sows.  Eighty  at  our  home  farm. 
8  to  111  months  old,  some  of  them  bred;  selected  from 
large  litters  out  of  mature  dams.  $35  up.  Come  ami 
look  them  over.  H.  C.  &  H.  B.  HARPENDING,  Dundee,  N.Y. 


itimnnc  the  big.  deep  fellows 

UUllwUd  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 


Spring  Hill  Yorkshire$-«ef*^“"Xi,* 

sows  for  sale.  Quality  and  prices  rig.it.  CHAS. 
H.  EMENS,  Spring  Hill  Farm,  Binghamton,  N.  \  . 


QHELDON  FARM  regi-tered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
u  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNES,  Oxford.  N.  Y. 


Ohio  Improved  Chesters— Choice  Boars  for 
Fall  service  at  bargain  prices.  Pigs  not  akin. 

CROSSROAD  FARM,  Plattsburg,  N.  Y. 


SHEB 


VAf  ANTE  n— HORNED  DORSETS.  Must  be  pure 
yVftnlLU  stock.  State  price,  age,  etc.,  in  first 
letter.  FRIENDLY  FARMS,  Hilltown,  Pa. 


CHBODCVIID  IP  Yearling  Rams,  Ewe  and 
vSnKVJf vSniKIL  Kam  Lambs  and  a  few 
Young  Ewes;  priced  to  sell  quick.  W  rite 

H.  J.  VAN  DYKE,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 


rnD  O  A I  C  —  REGISTERED  R A M BOUILLET 
I  U II  oALt  RAMS;  O.  I.  0.  SWINE. 

C.  \Y.  HA  ELI  DAY,  North  Chatham,  N.  Y. 


REGISTERED  SHROPSHIRE  RAMS  S’SViiS 

Yeoman.  EKED.  VAN  Vl.EET,  I.odi,  N.  Y. 


.  .  .  FOSTER  STEEL  .  .  . 

STANCH  IONS 

Increase  Your  Dairy  Profit 

Makes  cows  comfortable.  Save  time 
in  stabling  and  cleaning.  Easy  t<> 
operate;  cow  proof;  sanitary; 
strong,  and  durable. 

Write  for  our  prices  and  ill  ns- 
trated  catalog  before  buying. 
FOSTI.lt  STEEL  STAMIIIOV  to. 
5)00  InMiruiiro  Hide.,  Rochester;  N.  Y. 


ROBERTSON’S  C'U  A  I  X 
HANGING  STANCHIONS 
t(l  have  lined  tliem  for  moro 
than  TWENTY  YEARS,  and  they 
linvc  given  the  very  best  of  pat  In¬ 
faction  In  every  way,”  write. 
Justus  H.  Cooley,  M.D.,  Plainfield 
Sanitarium,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

Thirty  days’  trial  on  application 
O.  II.  ROBERTSON 
Wash.  St.,  Forcstvllle,  Conn. 


S3  EXCELSIOR  SWING  STANCHION 


Warranted  The  Best.  30  Day's’  Trial 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  when  open 
Noiseless  Simple  Sanitary  Durable 

The  "Wasson  Stanchion  Co., 
Box  60,  Cuba,  N.  Y. 


r*DI  IMBrC  IMPROVED 
LHUmtib  WARRINER 

STANCHION 


Prof.  F.  G.  Helyar  of 
Mt.  Herman  School,  Mt. 
Herman,  Mass.,  writes: 

“We  could  not  get  along 

without  Warriner  Stanch¬ 
ions.” 

Send  address  for  book- 
_ . _ let  of  information  to  r 

WALLACE  It.  CRUMB.  Box  Ml,  ForestvIUe,  Conn. 

MH.KING  STOOLS 

Curved  legs;  wide  base;  don't 
upset.  Large  seat;  shaped  to 
fit  body.  Made  from  steel  and 
then  galvanized.  No  crevices. 
Strong  and  Sanitary 
Price  S1.50  each,  S15  per  dozen 
WISNEK  MFG.  CO. 
230  Greenwich  Street,  New  York 


Learn 

about  the 

Guernsey 

Cow 


Story 
is  one  of 


Millr  PrnHlTfPiW  for  New  Vork  CJ1*  Piarket 
ItlllK  IIUUUUOIN  desiring  information  how  to 

form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville.  N.  Y. 


pm  I  IT  nil  DQ— From  imported  stock.  Females 

UULL.IL  rUlOcheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 


Percheron  and  Belaian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
at  farmers'  prices.  A  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
•u  Penna.  R.U.  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O, 


The  Most  Economical  Production  of  the 
Highest  Class  of  Dairy  Products,  excell¬ 
ing  in  Natural  Color  and  Good  Flavor. 

I  The  Pan  American  Dairy  Breed  Test, 
SHE  I  The  [0vva  Dairy  Cow  Contest,  ; 
WON  ^  inpartial  Experiment  Station  Trials. 

The  Guernsey  was  the  First.  Breed  to  establish 
an  Advanced  Register  on  basis  of  ie.ii 
Records  with  Public  Supervision. 

An  average  of  over  1200  official  years  records  show  : 

8070  lbs.  Milk  410  lbs.  Butter  Fat 

(Equivalent  to  460 lbs.  butter) 

AVERAGE  PER  CENT.  BETTER  FAT  5.0? 

Full  Information  regarding  the  breed  by  writing 

The  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Cluu 

Box  R.  PETERBORO,  N.  H. 


1911. 


'n-lE  RURAL  NKW-YORKER 


867 


M  I  X_.  K 

The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.51 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  three  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


The  farmers  who  attend  the  coming  fair 
of  the  Chester  County  Agricultural  Asso¬ 
ciation,  West  Chester,  Pa.,  are  to  be  given 
a  practical  demonstration  on  how  to  se¬ 
cure  pure  milk  and  the  proper  manner  to 
preserve  it  for  shipping  to  Philadelphia. 
The  managers  of  the  association  for  the 
fair,  which  will  be  held  September  5,  6,  7 
and  8,  have  arranged  for  the  demonstration. 
There  is  to  be  a  herd  of  fine  cows  at  the 
track  during  the  entire  time  of  the  fair. 
The  milking  is  to  be  done  with  machines 
made  by  a  local  firm,  separated,  cooled  to  a 
temperature  which  will  insure  its  accept¬ 
ance  by  the  Philadelphia  authorities,  and 
shipped.  An  effort  will  be  made  to  set  a 
new  record  for  the  time  necessary  to  milk 
the  cow  properly,  prepare  the  milk  and  ship 
It.  Fifteen  cows  are  to  be  used  in  the 
demonstration. 


Nearly  all  of  the  dairymen’s  associations 
within  a  radius  of  00  miles  of  Philadelphia 
have  sent  their  replies  to  the  Railroad 
Commission  accepting  the  invitation  to  pre¬ 
sent  their  side  of  milk  refrigeration  during 
transportation.  The  side  of  the  dealer  and 
the  Reading  Railroad  Company  was  heard 
August  8.  The  various  associations  will 
have  representatives  at  the  hearing.  It  is 
not  expected  that  all  of  these  associations 
will  be  in  favor  of  compelling  the  railroad 
to  supply  refrigerator  cars,  as  last  year 
at  a  conference  held  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  Veterinary  School,  a  wordy 
war  was  waged  over  a  resolution  favoring 
refrigeration,  the  result  being  failure  to 
adopt  the  resolution.  The  argument  of 
those  opposed  to  refrigeration  is  that  the 
railroad  would  charge  more  for  such  service, 
making  production  unprofitable.  Others  ar¬ 
gue  that  the  railroad  should  be  compelled 
to  furnish  the  iced  cars  without  any  in¬ 
crease  in  rates  for  the  “public  good.”  They 
say  that  the  Reading's  rates  are  now  far  in 
excess  of  the  Pennsylvania,  which  supplies 
refrigerator  car  service. 


The  situation  here  is  rather  unhandy,  as 
it  is  a  number  of  miles  off  the  railroad,  and 
our  product  and  supplies  must  be  hauled 
by  teams.  Our  Summer  seasons  are  rather 


lied  with  the'  creameries  and  are  sending 
their  milk  to  the  station,  thereby  getting 
a  very  little  more  ready  money.  If  they 
would  bold  to  the  creamery  and  raise 
milk,  as  they  should,  with  the  extra  fer¬ 
tilizer  they  would  keep  on  the  farm,  they 
would  be  a  long  way  ahead  of  shipping 
their  whole  milk.  The  long  dry  spell  we 
have  had  here  in  northern  New  York  has 
cut  down  the  milk  production  about  one- 
third,  but  I  think  that  with  the  price  they 
are  getting  for  milk  and  a  good  outlook 
for  higher  prices,  the  farmers  can  well 
afford  to  feed  the  cows  and  make  milk. 
I  would  like  to  say  just  a  word  about  the 
delivery  of  milk.  The  time  has  come  when 
the  man  who  takes  the  best  care  of  his 
milk  is  going  to  get  the  most  money  out 
of  it,  even  at  the  creameries.  The  time 
has  been  and  some  still  cling  to  the  idea 
that  anything  is  good  enough  to  send  to 
the  creamery  to  make  butter.  I  have  no 
sympathy  for  the  man  who  will  hustle 
around  and  make  all  the  milk  he  can  and 
then  not  take  care  of  it  when  he  gets  it. 
I  have  had  to  return  several  thousand 
pounds  this  Summer,  delivered  at  the 
creamery  before  8  A.  M.  that  was  not  fit 
to  feed  to  pigs.  The  common  cause  is  not 
washing  the  cans  clean  and  not  cooling  at 
all.  when  fifteen  minutes’  labor  would  save 
dollars.  1  do  hope  the  farmers  will  wake 
lip  to  the  fact  that  they  must  take  care 
of  their  cans  and  cool  the  milk  and  de¬ 
liver  it  in  shape,  if  they  expect  to  get  all 
there  is  in  it  and  make  a  profit. 

Franklin  Co.,  N.  Y.  george  e.  morse. 


CATTLE  WITH  DEPRAVED  TASTE. 

"Some  cattle  in  South  Africa  have  pecu¬ 
liar  tastes.  A  farmer  writes:  ‘The  cattle 
on  this  farm  and  on  farms  where  stiff  sick¬ 
ness  appears  are  always  ravenous  after 
bones — sheep  dying  on  the  veldt  have  barely 
time  to  rot  before  the  cattle  have  eaten  up 
every  bone — and  why  is  it  that  only  on 
these  farms  where  there  is  such  a  craving 
for  bones  do  you  find  this  disease?’  ” 

This  note  from  the  Mark  Lane  Express 
will  interest  hundreds  of  farmers  who  have 
written  us  about  their  cattle.  Such  ani¬ 
mals  have  a  depraved  taste — drinking  filthy 
water  and  gnawing  old  bones  or  fence  rails. 
They  do  not  get  enough  lime  and  phosphate 
in  their  food  to  supply  the  needs  of  the  sys¬ 
tem.  The  remedy  is  to  feed  fine  ground 
bone  in  the  grain.  The  best  grain  foods  for 
such  a  condition  are  bran  or  oil  meal. 


Abnormal  Milk. 

I  have  a  Jersey  cow  which  I  bought  three 
months  ago.  Iler  udder  was  caked  some 
but  that  came  out  all  right,  but  she  has 
always  given  stringy  milk  more  or  less, 
l  or  a  few  days  it  will  be  all  right,  then 
it  will  come  again,  not  always  in  the  same 
teat.  I  had  a  veterinarian's  advice  and 
medicine,  but  it  does  not  cure.  Is  it  be¬ 
cause  she  is  old,  or  what  would  be  best  to 
do  with  her?  I  have  about  decided  to  try 
and  fatten  her  for  the  butchers,  but  oil 
account  of  her  being  a  fine  cow  I  dislike  to 

d,\fs.°\  .  R.  g. 

Michigan. 


short,  which  is  another  great  drawback  to 
dairying  in  this  vicinity.  The  dairymen 
look  mostly  to  Summer  dairying  for  this 
reason.  Even  as  we  are  handicapped  we 
think  there  is  a  good  profit  in  dairying. 
Cheese  is  the  principal  product  into  which 
the  milk  is  made,  and  as  Jefferson  County 
has  a  reputation  for  good  cheese  we  get 
the  highest  prices  for  our  product,  and 
milk  being  of  a  fairly  good  quality  it  pays 
pretty  well  according  to  the  price  per 
pound  of  cheese.  The  farmers  seem  well 
pleased  with  the  prices  paid  for  milk,  and 
figure  that  they  are  making  a  good  profit. 
The  only  expense  is  the  care  of  the  cows 
and  pasturage,  grain  being  fed  only  for 
a  short  time  in  the  Fall  and  for  a'  time 
before  the  herd  begins  to  freshen  again. 
We  may  look  for  the  improvement  of  dairy¬ 
ing  here  each  year  so  long  as  the  farmers 
receive  from  $1  to  $1.10  per  hundred 
pounds  of  milk,  as  we  have  been  getting 
this  Summer.  e.  r.  c. 

Worth,  N.  Y. 


Boston  Prices. — The  price  of  milk  for 
August  is  84  cents  per  8 Vu -quart  can,  de¬ 
livered  on  cars  at  station,  or  one  cent  more 
if  a  contract  has  been  signed  agreeing  to 
abide  by  and  live  up  to  the  regulations  of 
the  Boston  Board  of  Health.  Two  and 
three  cents  are  deducted  from  this  for  de¬ 
livering  to  car  unless  the  dairyman  carries 
his  own,  in  which  case  be  receives  the  full 
amount.  The  June  total  delivery  to  Bos¬ 
ton  was  7,825,810  uarts,  against  8,870,- 
820  for  the  month  of  June  a  year  ago. 
July  figures  are  not  out  yet,  but  will  fall 
much  short  of  this,  I  believe.  The  Ellis 
milk  bill,  which  gave  the  whole  control  of 
enforcement  of  the  law  in  regard  to  pro¬ 
duction.  transportation  and  sales  of  milk 
nto  the  hands  of  the  State  Board  of 
Health,  was  passed  by  the  Legislature, 
vetoed  by  our  Governor  and  the  veto  sus¬ 
tained  after  a  hot  fight.  a.  e.  p. 


FIGURES  FROM  A  BUTTER  FACTORY. 

We  receive  mostly  whole  milk  and  run 
cream  from  separator  into  open  vat.  The 
vat  has  spring  water  at  52  degrees  running 
through  it  to  cool  the  cream.  I  add  from 
five  per  cent  to  10  per  cent  of  good  starter 
ahout  the  time  I  start  the  separator  and 
stir  often.  I  do  this  to  get  the  cream 
cooled  to  GO  degrees  before  1  lpave  it  at 
three  o’clock  in  the  afternoon.  Sometimes 
I  have  to  add  a  little  ice  direct  to  the 
cream  in  order  to  have  cream  54-50  degrees 
when  I  churn  it  the  next  morning.  I  wash 
the  butter  once  with  water  about  54  de¬ 
grees  and  use  six  pounds  salt  to  100  pounds 
butter.  Distribute  salt  well  "and  work  un¬ 
til  dissolved.  This  is  a  sample  of  the  but- 
.Vur,  that  scored  95  at  Cornell  .July  27. 
ibis  factory  is  owned  by  the  Columbia 
Creamery  Company.  The  butter  is  all  put 
into  one-pound  prints,  packed  in  50-pound 
parchment-lined  boxes  and  handled  in 
Springfield.  We  pay  the  farmers  one  and 
one-half  cents  above  Boston  Chamber  of 
<  ommeree  quotations  for  assorted  sizes,  for 
the  fat  in  their  milk  delivered  at  the  fac¬ 
tory,  and  give  them  their  skim  back.  July 
milk  netted  them  about  $1  per  100  pounds, 
i  here  are  other  creameries  near  by,  also  a 
shipping  station  that .  sends  milk  to  New 
lork.  The  station  paid  $1.15  for  July 
milk.  Some  of  the  farmers  are  dissatis- 


Try  milking  her  three  times  a  day  and 
at  night  rub  the  udder  with  melted  lard. 
Avoid  all  causes  of  bruising  and  chilling 
of  the  udder,  and  make  no  sudden  changes 
in  feeding.  If  she  does  not  then  improve 
better  fatten  her  for  slaughter,  as  it  does 
fiot  pay  to  fuss  with  a  chronic  case  of 
garget.  It  should  be  remembered,  too,  that 
tuberculosis  of  the  Udder  is  sometimes  pres¬ 
ent  in  cases  such  as  you  describe,  so  that 
it  always  is  well  to  test  such  cows  with 
tuberculin.  a.  s.  a. 


Do  You  Know  What 

The  Perfect  Balanced 
Silo  Ration  Is? 

EXPERTS  have  proven  that  corn,  combined 
with  milo  maize,  sorghum,  kaffir  corn  and 
field  peas  make  the  ideal  silo  ration.  That’s 
all  the  more  reason  why  you  should  be  careful  of 
the  silage  cutter  and  silo  filler  you  use.  Write  for 
our  112-page  Free  Book.  It  tells  about  the  com¬ 
plete  line  of  famous  “OHIO”  machines— a  size 
and  style  for  you.  Proves  greatest  capacity — day 
after  day  on  one  half  inch  cut.  “OHIOS”r««7 
blow  up  or  explode,  because  they  run  on  slow 
speed. 


are  used  by  nearly  every  College  and  Ex¬ 
periment  Station  in  America  and  foreign 
countries.  Book  tells  all  facts— the  things 
you  want  to  know.  Write  for  it. 

SILVER  MFG.  CO. 

SALEM,  OHIO 


SILOS 

The  kind  '-Uncle  Sam-'  uses,  best 
and  cheapest.  Send  for  catalog. 

HARDER  MFC.  CO. 

Box  1  I  ,  Cobloskill,  N.  Y. 


Continuous  Opening 
Best  Materials 
Braced  Door  Frame 
Adjustable  Doors 
Permanent  Ladder 
Three  Styles 
Five  kinds  lumber 


A 


m.  h 

3§  S 

iH 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOB 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 
GUARANTEED  MONEY-SAVING 


INTERNATIONAL 

SILOS 


i£cst  Dime, simplest  to  put  up  and  easiest  operated 
on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take-up  hoop- 
continuous  open-door  front — air-ti^ht  door  and  per* 
manent  ladder  are  some  of  the  unusual  features.  The 

Informational  8II«  113  Main  Bt..  Liueavilta.  E*» 

Licensed  under  Harder  Patent  on  Round  Silos. 


Saved  over  $100  a  moisih! 

ml1®1?11  of  Wasco,  HI.  saved  over 
XlOO.OO  a  month  and  turned  a  losing  proposi- 
tion  into  a  winning  one  by  using  an ./ipp/efon 
'Self  r  eed  Stlo  Filler,  and  feeding  his  cattle 
enage.  Experience  has  proven  that  silage  is 
a  cheap  and  very  valuable  feed.  It  stimu- 
i?te8,.uthe  appetite  and  aids  digestion. 
Healthy  animals  mean  greater  profit.  Pro¬ 
gressive  farmers  everywhere  are  now  placing 
their  orders  for 


APPLETON 


SELF 

FEED 


SILO  FILLER 


to  L_.  toL** 


maaeta  three  sizes:  for  custom  work— 26-A,  neighborhood 
™or*.  18*,A'  1 individual  work  15-A.  Has  a  solid  olrk  frame; 

1 *  * :rfve; Hn*  self-feed  apron;  big  throat  capacity, 
four  spiral  tool  steel  knives;  special  springs  to  prevent 
binding  and  clogging;  one  lever  starts  and  stops  both 
feed  rollers  and  apron;  flexible  swivel  top  distri¬ 
butor,  handy  side  table,  detachable  foot  board 
safety  device  to  prevent  breakage.  Changed 
from  ready  for  the  road”  to  “ready  for  busi¬ 
ness’  in  few  minutes.  Write  today  for  free 
illustrated  catalog. 

APPLETON  MFG.  CO. 

427  Fargo  St., 

Batavia,  III. 


Our  Improved  patented  Open  Throat 
. ,  .  .  ,  Elbow  with  sliding  door  regulates  the 

blast  of  “your  blower  through  our  Flexible  Distributer. 
It  increases  the  capacity  of  your  silo,  mixes,  distributes  and 
firmly  packs  the  feed  almost  automatically,  "It  prevents  the 
spoiling  of  the  Ensilage."  Saves  Its  cost  in  labor  over  and  over 
again.  Kits  any  blower.  Sold  on  trial.  Thousands  in  use.  "Nothing 
like  it.  We  Pay  the  Freight.  Now  is  the  time  to  order  one. 

WE  HAVE  HUNDREDS  OF  LETTERS  LIKE  THESE: 

I  Raved  eevoral  times  the  price  of  your  distributer  in  one  season, 
for  I  did  not  have  the  spoiled  ensilage  I  had  in  previous  years.'* 


i  years.' 

Fred  W.  mingsten,  Itasca,  Ills. 
•  The  Elbow  and  Distributer  received  from  you  last  season  have  given  sat¬ 
isfaction.  Three  men  in  the  silo  could  not  pack  and  distribute  as  ono  with 
1  Tour  Distributer.  I  find  tho  ensilago  moro  valuable  on  account  of  its  oven 
distribution.  Would  not  think  of  tilling  a  silo  without  It.” 

Jacob  Dlckman,  Defianco,  Ohio, 
i  ’,'Am  Pleased  with  your  distributer.  With  it  wo  had  a  boy  ten  years  old  do  the 
work  better  than  two  men  in  the  old  way.’*  John  S.  Ramsey ,  Annandale,  N.  J. 

I  am  pleased  with  tho  “Better 'Way”  Distributer.  I  have  been  using  silos  for 
JO  years  and  must  say  that  I  never  filled  one  with  so  little  labor  and  expense.” 

F.  A.  Mlllnor,  Norfolk,  Virginia. 
YOU  OWN  A  SILO,  Write  Now  for  Our  Special  ©Slert 
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Proper  feeding  means  better  health  and  a  larger 
mi  lie  yield.  Silage  is  the  best  substitute  for  green 
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which  cuts  either  green  or  dry  feed  slick  as  a 
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Don’t  purchase  ar.y  cutter  until  you  get 
our  new  catalogue  showing  191 1  improve¬ 
ments.  Write  for  it.  also  ”Wliy  Silage 
Pays,’  a  sensible  book  every  raiser  of 
stock  should  read.  FTeo  if  you  send  your 
name  and  address. 


Booklet 

Why 


THE  JOS.  DICK  MFG.  CO. 

1 426T uscara was  St.  Canton,  O. 


Save  Money  On 

Your  Ensilage  Cutter 

Don’t  decide  till  you  get  our  prices  and 

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and  wc  want  to  prove  it  to  you.  Furnished  with  elevators 
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The  Belcher  &  Taylor  A.  T.  Co. 

Box  75#  — — 

Chicopee  Falls,  Mass. 


GREEN  MOUNTAIN  SILOS 

Write  TODAY  for  Booklet  to 
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318  Union  Building,  Anderson,  Indiana 


Bordens  Endorse 
Unadilla  Silos 


After  the  most  thorough,  exacting  and 
exhaustive  tests  the  Borden  Condensed 
J  Milk  Co., have  adopted  the  Unadilla  Silos. 

IThe  only  Silo  made  that  meets  every  re- 
I  quirement  of  this  world-famous  milk  com- 
|  pany.  If  it’s  good  enough  for  them,  it 
should  be  good  enough  for  you.  The  su¬ 
perior  mechanical  construction  and  qual¬ 
ity  of  the  ensilage  is  what  sold  the 
Unadilla  Silo  to  the  Borden’s.  Catalog 
free  on  request.  Extra  discount  for 
ecrly  orders.  Agents  wanted. 

I  UNADILLA  SILO  CO,  Box  li,  Unadilla,  N 


8«« 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


August  2G, 


The  Henyard. 


Sorehead  in  Chicks. 

I  have  lost  quite  a  number  of  young 
chickens  about  half  grown  and  younger 
with  sore  head.  Please  advise  me  of  a 
remedy.  What  causes  them  to  have  sore 
head?'  Only  the  young  chickens  have  it. 

Texas.  s.  m.  b. 

The  disease  is  due  to  infection  from 
pox  or  “sorehead’’  germs.  Rub  the  af¬ 
fected  parts  daily  with  carbolated  vaseline 
and  separate  the  sick  birds  from  the  rest. 
Disinfect  the  coops,  etc.,  with  five  per  cent 
carbolic  acid  solution.  k.  b. 


Water-Glass  Eggs. 

1  am  preserving  eggs  in  water-glass,  as 
indicated  in  the  "Business  Hen.”  1  boiled 
the  water  of  half  the  pail,  as  directed,  but 
on  lilling  up  with  additional  solution  for¬ 
got  to  boil  the  water.  Will  it  make  any 
difference?  Is  it  best  to  empty  the  pail 
and  till  it  up  with  new  solution,  boiling 
the  water  first?  c.  c. 

Let  the  eggs  alone.  While  it  is  better 
to  boil  the  water  you  will  get  good  results 
as  you  have  started  if  the  water  is  rea¬ 
sonably  pure  and  clean. 


Work  of  White  Leghorns. 

I  had  a  pen  of  17  S.  C.  W.  Leghorn  pul¬ 
lets  hatched  in  June,  1910,  from  which  I 
got  the  first  egg  on  January  3,  1911.  They 
laid  1(59  in  January,  292  in  February,  391 
in  March,  39(5  in  April,  389  in  May,  391 
in  June.  On  July  3  one  pullet  was  killed 
by  accident,  and  I  got  368  eggs  in  July. 
This  gives  a  total  of  2,054  eggs  for  six 
months  (January  3-July  3),  or  an  average 
of  120.71  eggs  for  each  hen.  It  has  been 
a  profitable  pen,  as  I  have  sold  nearly  830 
worth  of  eggs  and  raised  a  large  flock  of 
chickens  from  them.  J.  a.  C. 

Rifton,  N.  Y. 


White  Diarrhoea  Germs. 

Does  a  rooster  carry  the  white  diar¬ 
rhoea  germ?  I’ have  a  good  rooster  1  wish 
to  mate  to  some  new  stock  which  is  better 
than  my  old  stock,  that  being  infected 
with  white  diarrhoea.  I  am  in  doubt 
whether  to  use  him  or  not.  E.  G. 

New  Jersey. 

Use  him.  We  have  asked  Prof.  Stone- 
burn  about  this.  As  we  understand  him 
the  germs  of  white  diarrhoea  have  not  been 
found  in  the  male  organs.  They  are  un¬ 
questionably  in  the  livers  of  many  young 
roosters.  .  but  what  becomes  of  them  as 
these  birds  develop  is  at  present  a  mys¬ 
tery.  They  are  found  in  the  ovaries  of 
the  hens.  Perhaps  this  is  because  they 
found  in  those  organs  the  most  favorable 
or  only  field  for  their  growth — like  bac¬ 
teria  on  clover  roots.. 


When  Will  Pullets  Lay? 

My  White  Leghorn  pullets  hatched  in 
April  lay  after  the  sixth  month.  Will  they 
do  the '  same  if  hatched  in  October  or 
December?  f.  o. 

New  Jersey.  • 

This  question  does  not  give  data  enough 
on  which  to  base  an  answer.  If  the  chicks 
are  kept  in  a  brooder  house  and  have  a 
warmed  brooder  to  run  into  whenever  they 
need  it.  and  have  plenty  of  good  food  and 
care,  with  lots  of  green  food,  they  will  lay 
at  about  the  same  age  as  chicks  hatched  in 
the  Spring.  But  if  they  are  hatched  and 
brooded  by  hens,  the  little  things  suffer 
from  the.  cold.  After  a  week  or  two  the 
hen  does  not  brood  them  as  often  as  they 
need  :  the  chicks  get  stunted  and  never 
at  tail}  full  size ;  and  under  such  conditions 
might  not  lay  until  they  were  seven  months 
old.  of  course  if  the  hens  and  chicks  are 
kept  in  a  warmed  house  where  the  chicks 
are  comfortable  they  will  do  as  well  as  if 
under  brooders,  if  they  are  kept  free  from 
lice.  GEO.  A.  COSGROVE. 


Indian  Runner  Ducks  and  Hens. 

In  November,'  1 909,  1  bought  three  Indian 
Runner  ducks  and  one  drake.  I  had  never 
kept  a  duck  before,  and  did  not  know  any¬ 
thing  about  how  to  care  for  them,  but 
soon  learned  how  to  feed  and  raise  them. 
Since  January  1.  1911,  until  the  first  of 
August,  1911,  I  have  kept  3(5  Indian  Run¬ 
ner  ducks  and  50  S.  C.  Rhode  Island  Reds. 
I  have  sold  from  ray  Reds  $119.29  worth 
of  chicks  and  eggs  and  $107.(57  of  duck¬ 
lings  and  eggs  from  my  ducks.  I  did  not 
sell  more  than  25  ducklings  but  sold  a  good 
many  chicks  at  15  cents  apiece.  My  ducks 
are  not  laying  much  now ;  they  are  shed¬ 
ding.  My  hens  are  laying  well,  but  I  expect 
that  tiie  ducks  will  lay  well  this  Fall  when 
the  hens  stop.  My  few  old  ducks  did  last 
Fall,  and  I  believe  that  by  the  end  of  the 
year  the  ducks  will  bring  in  more  money 
than  the  hens.  I  have  had  no  feathers  to 
sell  this  year  from  my  small  flock.  I  have 
kept  them  for  myself.  With  me  the  Indian 
Runner  duck  has  come  to  stay.  I  am  very 
much  interested  in  them.  I  set  eight  hens 
on  duck  eggs  this  Spring,  giving  them  1 1 
eggs  each,  and  they  brought  off  78  ducks 
with  only  one  weak  one,  and  how  they  did 
grow !  I  do  not  lose  any  ducks,  only  by 
accident,  but  I  cannot  say  that  of  chicks. 
I  keep  strict  account  of  all  that  I  buy  and 
sell,  and  know  at  the  end  of  the  year  what 
my  profit  is.  I  would  not  want  to  do 
without  my  hens,  for  you  see  when  one  is 
idle  the  others  are  doing  their  best.  I  sold 
almost  all  my  duck  eggs  at  wholesale  price, 
and  received  a  little  more  for  them  than 
I  would  for  hen’s  eggs. 

Wyoming  Co.,  Pa.  jirs.  r..  a. 


Limberneck  Again. 

Two  years  ago  I  paris-greened  potatoes 
for  bugs  and  killed  quantities  of  them,  as 
I  intended.  I  noticed  chickens  eating 
bugs,  and  in  a  few  days  they  began  dying. 
On  examination  I  found  their  beaks  al¬ 
most  glued  shut  with  thickened  saliva. 
Some  people  told  me  it  was  “limberneck.” 
They  swayed  from  side  to  side  and  went 
blind  also.  I  lost  nearly  all  of  them.  Last 
year  they  did  no  good  till  we  fed  a 
poultry  food.  They  picked  up,  and  tips 
year  had  somewhere  near  100  feathered, 
nearly  two  months  and  more  old.  Then 
they  began  to  die.  In  three  days  they 
were  nearly  all  gone :  acted  almost  the 
same  as  others.  Part  were  in  board  floor 
brooders  and  some  on  ground  in  yard 
where  none  of  our  other  chickens  were. 
1  got  eggs  at  different  places.  Is  ‘‘lim¬ 


berneck"  caused  by  a  germ  through  egg 
or  air?  We  bought  mixed  chicken  feed  and 
fed  soaked  bread  with  (feed.  Could  the  germ 
of  disease  be  in  the  water?  Is  there  any 
danger  in  moving  of  carrying  the  disease 
with  what  chicken  I  have  left?  They  all 
seem  healthy  now.  One  man  said  to  dis¬ 
infect  with  creolin  and  coal  oil,  and  feed 
them  some  also.  What  experience  if  any 
have  you  had  with  it?  G.  a.  d.  _ 

Your  first  case  was  clearly  that  of  poi¬ 
soning.  due  to  eating  the  poisoned  bugs ; 
due  either  to  the  Paris  green  or  to  pto¬ 
maine  poisoning  from  the  decaying  bugs 
which  would  cause  “limberneck."  If  your 
second  case  is  that  of  “limberneck”  it  is 
due  to  the  same  cause,  eating  some  decayed 
animal  matter  or  stale  feed  in  the  hot 
weather ;  a  very  small  dose  will  kill  off 
large  numbers.  There  is  no  danger  of  car¬ 
rying  the  trouble  with  you :  keep  their 
water  and  feed  fresh  and  clean,  and  bury 
everything  stale  or  dead.  There  is  no 
help  for  badly  poisoned  cases;  apsom  salts 
iu  water  will  purge  and  possibly  save  some 
not  so  badly  off.  Creolin  and  coal  oil  will 
not  answer' here.  R.  b. 


Express  Company  and  Baby  Chicks. 

In  case  named  on  page  848,  putting  my¬ 
self  in  the  position  of  the  shipper,  although 
he  was  not  to  blame,  would  gladly  refund 
the  price  of  the  six  chicks  to  the  purchasing 
parties,  and  hereafter  send  no  more  goods 
C.  O.  D.  I  have  found  the  express  company 
hard  people  to  collect  claims  from  and  try 
to  do  business  through  them  in  such  a  man¬ 
ner  that  I  do  not  have  an  occasion  to,  even 
though  I  have  to  refund  a  little  money  once 
in  a  while.  JAS.  r..  van  aestyne. 

Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y. 

If  I  were  the  shipper  in  this  case,  and 
was  unable  to  prove  that  the  correct  number 
of  chicks  was  shipped,  I  would  think  it  a 
matter  of  good  business  to  replace  the  miss¬ 
ing  chickens.  I  have  had  shipments  of 
breeding  stock  arrive  short,  and  while  sure 
the  correct  number  was  shipped,  we  could 
not  prove  it,  and  so  replaced  the  birds, 
charging  it  to  “experience.”  It  would  be 
much  more  difficult  for  the  shipper  of  baby 
chicks  to  prove  that  the  correct  number 
was  shipped,  and  I  think  lie  should  replace. 
What  I  do  not  understand  is  how  the  ex¬ 
press  agent  knew  there  were  six  dead  chicks 
in  the  box.  What  right  had  he  to  open  and 
examine  the  package?  floyd  ‘q.  white. 

Westchester  Co.,  N.  Y. 


Close  Kept  Poultry. 

Mr.  Dougan,  one  of  your  “lieu  men,”  in 
a  recent  short  article,  writes  of  keeping  his 
poultry  “closely  yarded.”  I  would  be  glad 
to  hear  more  particularly  of  his  methods 
of  caring  for  and  feeding  his  laying  stock. 
He  has  once  before  hinted  at  the  small 
amount  of  land  required  for  fowls. 

Concord,  Mass.  e.  m.  a. 

I  use  no  yards  outside  of  the  poultry 
house,  although  I  did  last  year.  The  poul¬ 
try  house  has  no  floor,  but  is  raised  up 
about  five  or  six  inches  with  sand,  making 
it  that  much  higher  than  the  ground  out¬ 
side  of  the  house.  That  makes  the  only 
yard  hens  have,  and  I  put  90  hens  and  10 
roosters  in  a  part  of  the  house  24x15  feet. 
I  now  have  some  that  have  not  been  out 
of  the  house  in  five  months,  and  have  had 
as  many  as  71  eggs  a  day  from  the  90  hens. 
It  certainly  is  much  better  than  having 
hens  run  over  the  whole  farm.  Of  course 
the  house  being  open  front,  there  is  plenty 
of  fresh  air.  I  have  no  yards  outside  of 
the  house,  and  if  I  want  to  give  the  hens 
exercise  more  than  they  get  inside  the  house 
I  simply  let  them  over  everything.  On 
August  8  tin1  same  90  hens  gave  me  45 
eggs,  and  I  fail  to  see  any. one  in  this  neigh¬ 
borhood  get  that  number  from  hens  running 
out.  For  feed,  I  give  whole  oats  in  morn¬ 
ing.  wheat  screenings  at  noon,  and  cracked 
corn  at  night;  that  is  all  scattered.  Then 
I  keep  wheat  bran,  grit,  oyster  shells,  beef 
scraps  and  charcoal  in  hoppers.  I  throw 
grass,  all  kinds  of  weeds,  salt  hay,  bean 
vines,  peavines  or  buckwheat  straw  on  the 
floor  for  litter.  To  repeat,  laud  space, 
15x24  feet  for  90  hens,  and  whole  house 
made  on  same  proportion,  w.  j.  dougan. 

New  Jersey. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Tiie 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


You  know  how  sap  keeps  a  tree 
alive  and  strong-  and  defensive 
ag-ainst  weather.  Trinidad  Lake 
asphalt  does  the  same  in 

Genasco 


WHAT!  They  Need 
PaintinQ  Adam? 
lets  Bnv  J 


RO  OFING 

It  Needs  No  Painting 

AMATITE  has  a  real  mineral  surface;  it  needs  no 
paint  to  protect  it.  In  rain  and  sun  and  snow  and 
hail,  Amatite  takes  care  of  itself.  It  needs  no 
coddling;  there  is  no  maintenance  cost.  You  lay  it  and 
leave  it. 

The  mineral  surface  is  durable,  permanent,  absolutely 
weatherproof,  unaffected  by  climate,  insoluble  in  water, 
not  injured  by  smoke. 

Amatite  is  easy  to  lay.  No  skilled  labor  is  required. 
You  simply  unroll  it  on  the  roof,  and  nail  it  down  with 
nails  which  we  supply  to  you.  Cement  the  laps  with  the 
adhesive  cement  which  we  also  supply  free  packed  in  the 
center  of  the  roll. 

Amatite  costs  no  more  than  the  kind  of  roofings  that 
require  constant  painting.  You  get  twice  as  much  weight 
of  roofing  for  your  money  as  you  do  with  other  roofings. 
Sample  free  on  request.  Address  nearest  office. 


Everjet  Elastic  Paint 

Save  money  by  using  this  black  paint 
wherever  the  color  is  no  objection. 
Elastic,  heat-proof,  durable.  Use  it  for 
roofings  and  all  exposed  iron  and  wood. 


Creonoid 


Lice  Destroyer 
and  Cow  Spray 

Sprayed  on  cattle  it  keeps  the  flies 
away  and  the  cows  thus  protected  pro¬ 
duce  more  milk  Sprayed  in  the  hen  house 
regularly  Creonoid  will  kill  disease  germs, 
repel  insects,  suppress  odors  and  prevent 
the  spread  of  contagion. 


BARRETT  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY 

New  York  Chicago  Philadelphia  Boston  St.  Louis  Cleveland 
Pittsburg  Cincinnati  Kansas  City  Minneapolis  New  Orleans 
Seattle  London,  England 


IROHAQE 


_  ya 

&  active;  that  clean.sweet  scratching  ground* 
Jare  conducive  to  good  health  for  the  flock; 

that  by  occasionally  turning  under  the  top 
leoik  the  yard  is  made  fresh  and  henlthful. 
J  ThU  can  bo  done  in  a  few  moments  with  tho 

No.  11 
Wheel 
Plow 

This  light,  .$2.50  tool  will  also  take 
other  tools  for  different  kinds  of  gar¬ 
den  work.  Iron  Age  tools  pay  for 
themselves  in  one  season.  Write 
to  day  for  Anniversary  Catalog 
free,  of  complete  line  of  garden 
.tools,  potato  machinery,  etc. 
BATEMAN  ItTF’G  CO. 

,  Box  1023  GitENLOcn  N.J. 


NO  BETTER  ROOFING  MADE 
AT  DOUBLE  OUR  PRICE 

1  Ply,  $1.20  Per  lOO  Sq-  Ft. 

2  1.50 . *  “ 

3  “  1.80  “  “  “  ” 

Send  For  Samples  and  Our  Complete 
Mail  Order  Catalog  —  Free  Ort  Request 
MANUFACTURERS  DISTRIBUTING  CO. 
Pittsburgh’s  Mail  Order  House 
Dept.  H.  Pittsburgh  Pa. 


S.  C.  White  Leghorn  PULLETS 

Free  Grass  Range  Stock 
which  must  be  seen  to  be 
appreciated.  Inspection  invited.  Let  us 
know  your  wants.  Special  prices  during 
August.  Don’t  delay.  Descriptive  booklet, 
“FACTS  FROM  AFTON  FARM” 

Free  on  request. 

Afton  Farm,  Box  D-l,  Yardley,  Pa. 


S.C.W.  LEGHORNS  Hens  for  Sale 

Suitable  for  foundation  stock.  $1.00  each  in  lots  of 
100  or  more.  Small  lots,  $2.00  each. 

Yearling  Cocks,  Early  Cockerels  and  Pullets. 
MOUNT  PLEASANT  FARM,  HAVRE  DE  GRACE,  MO. 


WATER  PURIP  ITSELF 

Have  “running  water  when  and  where  yon 
want  it.  ”  No  expense  for  power ;  no  trouble ; 
no  repairs.  Pumped  from  stream,  pond  or 
spring.  Entire  satisfaction  assured  with  every 

FOSTER  ^cthv  RAM 

Install  it  yourself  at  low 
cost.  No  attention  or  ex- 
to  maintain.  Book 
suggestions  Fro®. 
SPECIALTY  CO. 
Broadway,  New  York  J 


SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  and  Cock¬ 
erels:  any  quantity  at  attractive  prices:  bred-To-lny 
kind.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Fleininflton,  N.  J 


FOR  SALE  — :S00  S.  C. White  Leghorns,  one  year  old 


and  for 


100  two  year  old.  Write  your  wants 
prices.  W.  I).  CADY,  Weedsport,  N.  Y. 


the  Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt  Roofing 

The  Kant-leak  Kleet  defends 
the  roofing-seams  against  weather 
without  cement.  Prevents  nail- 
leaks. 

Ask  your  dealer  for  Genasco  mineral 
or  smooth  surface  guaranteed  roofing 
with  Ka’nt-leak  Kleets  packed  in  the 
roll.  Write  for  the  Good  Roof  Guide 
Book  and  samples. 

The  Barber  Asphalt  Paving  Company 

Largest  producers  of  asphalt,  and  largest 
manufacturers  of  ready  roofing  in  the  world. 

Philadelphia 

New  York  San  Francisco  Chicago 


pnill  TRYMFN_Bon  tfi,il  'oseeiire(5,ot‘k  and 

rUULInl  IflLli  Eggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 
FAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Marietta.  Pa. 


Choice  Yearling  Single 
Comb  White  Leghorns 


$1.00  per  head ;  reduction  on  lot 

G.  A.  MILLER.  Supt., 

Alta  Crest,  Greenwich,  Conn. 


SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS— Write 
at  once  if  yon  wish  stock  from  our  “mammoth 
utility”  strain  of  heaviest  layers  and  the  most  suc¬ 
cessful  and  probably  the  best  known  egg  farm  on 
Long  Island.  “Quality”  prices  not  considered — 
quick  moving  prices  are.  THoRNEHAVEN  POUL¬ 
TRY  FARM,  Shelter  Island  Heights,  N.  Y. 


White  Leghorns 


Yearling  Hens,  Cock¬ 
erels,  Indian  Run¬ 
ner  Drakes.  Write, 


CLIFFORD  SCHRYVER  -  Omar,  N.  Y. 


5000 


Single-Combed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 
Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
Bnuize  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 
right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  best  selections.  Largest  success* 
ful  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 


Bulf,  Wh.  Leghorns,  Mottlod  Anconas,  S.  C.  It.  I.  Red. 
Eggs.  90c.  per  15,  $1.50  per  30.  $2.75  per  00,  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  Pa. 


Y’oung’s  Strain  W .  L.  Cockerels —Order  for 
future  delivery,  Birds  that  will  win  anywhere. 
T.  A.  CLARK,  “  Wooderest,"  Rifton,  N,  Y. 


Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  May  return  at  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  Southold,  Suffolk  Co.,  N.  Y. 


THE  FARMER’S  FOWL-Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
I  layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THUS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Kielilaud,  N.  Y. 


Hunn  Lake  Poultry  FarmMffi  $Hpcery; 

White  Wyandotte  Chicks,  $12  per  100.  Eggs. taper  100 


f)n  FGfiS  $1.00 — Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
ZU  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Large  illu> 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10e  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 


Ufa  Will  Co||— for  $2.00  for  hens  ami  $2.00  to $5.00 
IfC  Iflll  OCII  for  one-year-old  cockerels — our 
surplus  breeding  stock  of  Partridge  Cochins.  Barred 
Rocks,  White  Rocks,  Partridge  Wyandoties. 

MINCH  BROS.  .  R-3  .  Bridgeton,  N.J. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


U69 


A  FRIEND  INDEED. 

That  all  mishaps  have  their  compen¬ 
sation  in  making  one  realize  the  value 
of  friends,  I  certainly  believe.  At  least 
that  is  how  I  felt  about  it  when  I 
limped  out  on  a  twisted  ankle  the  other 
morning  to  turn  my  sheep  from  one 
held  to  another,  and  had  to  whistle  in 
my  collie  for  help.  Generally,  with  a 
whistle  or  two,  or  even  by  calling,  if 
they  are  the  least  bit  hungry,'  I  can  get 
them  where  I  want  them  without  the 
dog.  Sometimes,  though,  when  I  am  in 
a  hurry,  or  as  now,  disabled,  nothing 
less  than  “Bonnie”  will  bring  them  in. 
They  were  out  of  sight,  over  the  brow 
of  the  hill,  but  I  knew  their  general  di¬ 
rection  from  the  sound  of  the  heavy 
cow  bell  on  one  of  my  largest  ewes. 
After  a  couple  of  false  starts  I  got  the 
dog  off  in  the  right  direction.  In  a 
couple  of  minutes  I  heard  the  flock 
bunch  up  and  come  hustling  over  the 
hill.  They  were  not  in  the  least  scared, 
but  they  were  well  in  hand,  with  the 
dog  about  60  feet  behind  them,  traveling 
at  a  slow  trot.  There  had  been  no 
barking,  no  fuss  or  noise,  and  as  they 
went  by  me  through  the  gate  I  easily 
caught  the  ram,  lame  as  I  was,  to  give 
him  his  “private”  feed  of  grain.  Of 
course,  we  do  not  always  do  business  as 
quietly  as  we  did  that  morning.  Some¬ 
times  it  is  the  dog  and  sometimes  it  is 
myself  that  gets  excited  and  loses  his 
head,  but  as  a  rule  there  is  no  foolish¬ 
ness. 

Of  course  we  didn't  learn  our  busi¬ 
ness  all  in  a  day,  but  if  one  has  pa¬ 
tience  and  an  intelligent  collie,  training 
is  not  difficult.  The  main  thing  is  to 
keep  the  dog  under  control  from  the 
start,  and  at  first  work  him  alzvays  from 
behind  the  flock ;  “heading  off”  he  will 
learn  later.  Never  let  him  start  in  and 
rush  them  off  their  feet.  You  don’t 
want  them  to  get  scared  to  death  every 
time  they  see  or  hear  a  dog,  but  to 
understand  that  the  dog  and  yourself 


are  a  combination  they  might  as  well 
give  in  to.  One  thing  is  essential,  a 
signal  that  will  make  the  dog  stop  in 
his  tracks,  when  you  want  him  to,  for 
if  once  sheep  are  stampeded  they  will 
tr  •  to  take  ’most  anything  coming,  and 
running  them  through  a  barbed  wire 
fence  is  very  bad  business.  The  main 
thing  is  to  go  slow  and  try  to  be  patient 
with  both  sheep  and  dog;  then  they  will 
work  well  together.  Under  any  circum¬ 
stances,  I  have  found  the  dog  a  great 
help,  especially  in  keeping  the  flock  in 
bounds  when  pasturing  in  poorly  fenced 
or  even  unfenced  fields. 

But  my  dog’s  usefulness  does  not  end 
here  by  any  means.  An  unexpected  call 
from  the  house  for  a  dressed  chicken  at 
noon  obliged  me  to  pick  a  bird  from 
the  general  flock.  So  I  took  the  dog 
along,  pointed  out  the  hen  I  wanted  to 
have,  and  in  very  short  order  she  had 
the  bird  cornered  and  pinned  to  the 
ground.  Sometimes  she  pulls  a  few 
feathers  out  in  the  process,  but  never 
injures  the  birds  in  any  way.  When  a 
puppy,  she  started  catching  and  killing 
chickens,  but  a  sound  whipping  seems 
to  have  cured  her  for  all  time.  Once 
she  did  “dry  pick”  a  turkey  that  I  sent 
her  after  one  wild  night  when  I  was 
getting  them  under  cover.  She  was 
gone  so  long  that  I  started  out  after 
them  with  a  lantern,  and  after  slipping 
along  over  a  quarter  of  a  mile  of  ice 
and  sleet  met  her  rolling  the  big  bird 
toward  home,  the  latter  scared  to  death 
and  very  much  “undressed.”  Still  later 
in  the  day,  a  thunder  shower  came  up 
and  “Bonnie”  was  needed  again,  this 
time  to  help  mother  get  her  “fireless” 
broods  and  stray  turkeys  under  shelter. 
Certainly  nothing  is  more  provoking 
than  playing  tag  with  a  fool  chicken 
about  the  size  of  a  sparrow,  but  the  dog 
takes  care  of  them  now,  and  never  that 
I  can  see  with  any  injury  to  the  little 
birds.  Of  course,  because  she  is  useful 
in  such  ways,  does  not  lessen  her  value 
as  a  watch  dog,  and  more  than  once 
she  has  given  warning  when  a  neigh¬ 
bor’s  stock  got  in  the  cornfield  at  night, 
or  a  new-born  lamb  was  deserted  or  in 
trouble.  And  in  this  land  of  the  darky 
and  the  darky’s  dog,  where  the  sheep 
and  chicken  farmer  has  but  troubled 
dreams,  the  value  of  a  good  collie  and 
of  the  time  spent  on  his  learning  can¬ 
not  be  questioned.  reuben  brigham. 

Maryland. 


FEEDING  PROBLEMS. 

Under  this  headi  g  we  endeavor  to  give  advice 
and  suggestions  about  i'eeaing  mixtures  of  grains 
and  fodders.  No  detinito  rules  are  given,  but  the 
advice  is  based  upon  experience  and  average 
analyses  of  foods.  By  ‘'protein”  is  meant  the 
elements  in  the  food  which  go  to  make  muscle  or 
lean  meat.  “Carbohydrates”  comprise  the  starch, 
sugar,  etc.,  which  make  fat  and  provide  fuel  for 
the  body,  wnile  “fat”  is  the  pure  oil  found  in 
foods.  Dry  matter”  means  the  weight  of  actual 
food  left  in  fodder  or  grain  when  all  the  water  is 
driven  off.  A  “narrow  ration”  means  one  in  which 
the  proportion  of  protein  tc  carbohydrates  is  close 
—a  “wide”  ration  means  one  which  shows  a  larger 
proportion  of  carbohydrat  es. 


Ration  for  Milch  Cow. 

With  oat  hay  as  a  basis,  what  do  you 
consider  the  proper  ration  for  a  dairy 
cow  ?  Q.  o. 

Connecticut. 

In  compounding  rations  for  live  stock 
it  is  usually  necessary  to  use  the  most 
available  feed  stuffs,  but  as  you  only 
mention  oat  liav  I  have  selected  com¬ 
mon  feeds  for  these  formulas  which  are 
usually  sold  by  dealers.  Of  course  the 
quantity  and  to  some  extend  the  quality 
of  a  ration  for  milch  cows  depends  upon 
their  size  and  the  amount  of  In  ilk  they 
are  giving. 

The  following  formula  is  for  a  cow 
weighing  about  1,000  pounds  and  giving 
15  to  30  pounds  of  milk  per  day: 

Digestible. 

Dry  Carb. 


Feeding  stuff.  matter. 

Protein. 

and  Fat. 

20  lbs.  oat  hay.... 

1  0.80 

.814 

7.422 

3  lbs.  dried  brew- 

er’s  grains . 

2.80 

.024 

1.35 

2  lbs.  cottonseed 

meal  . 

1.84 

.744 

.888 

5  lbs.  dried  beet 

pulp  . 

4.68 

.34 

3.27 

Nutritive 

20.08 

ratio 

2  522 

1  :5.l“ 

12.93 

For  horses  at  moderate  farm  work  I 
would  recommend  the  following  for¬ 
mula  :  12  pounds  oat  hay.  eight  pounds 

whole  or  ground  oats,  two  pounds  wheat 
bran,  four  pounds  cracked  corn.  Tin 
grain  ration  to  be  mixed  in  the  above 
proportions  and  the  amount  for  each 
horse  regulated  according  to  conditions, 
work  and  individual  requirements,  some 
horses  requiring  more  feed  than  others 
of  the  same  size  and  doing  the  same 
work.  You  will  find  that  a  long-con¬ 
tinued  die  of  oat  hay  as  the  only  rough- 
age  will  not  produce  the  best  results 
with  either  horses  or  cows.  For  long 
periods  of  time  the  oat  hay  should  not 
constitute  more  than  about  one  half  of 
the  roughage  for  horses  and  one-third 


for  milch  cows.  By  feeding  the  oat  hay 
in  the  proportions  mentioned  the  avail¬ 
able  supply  on  most  farms  will  all  be 
utilized  to  the  best  advantages. 

_  C.  s.  G. 

Comparison  of  Grain  Values. 

Will  you  give  the  feeding  value  of  wheat, 
ground  and  fed  to  cows  and  hogs?  Wheat 
80  cents  per  bushel,  middlings  $1.40  per 
hundred.  It  seems  we  are  paying  as  much 
for  the  middlings  a  pound  as  they  give  us 
for  the  wheat.  If  you  could  give  us  a 
comparison  of  the  common  feeds  compared 
with  grain  at  about  the  average  market 
price  it  would  be  of  assistance  to  some  of 
your  readers.  m.  a. 

New  York.  • 

While  it  is  possible  and  also  very 
necessary  from  an  economic  point  of 
view  to  determine  the  relative  values 
of  the  different  feeding  stuffs  for  a 
special  purpose  it  is  not  reasonable  to 
expect  these  relative  values  to  apply 
when  the  feed  is  used  for  other  pur¬ 
poses;, as,  for  example,  a  feed  which  is 
very  valuable  for  fattening  steers  may 
not  produce  milk  enough  to  pay  its  cost, 
and  vice  versa.  The  most  valuable  ex¬ 
perimental  work  along  this  line  th  't  I 
have  been  able  to  find  was  performed  in 
the  State  of  Kansas  and  described  in 
the  Twenty-first  Annual  Report  of  the 
Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture.  As 
these  experiments  were  made  and  the 
values  calculated  several  years  ago, 
when  prices  were  much  lower  than  they 
are  at  the  present  time,  we  will  multiply 
the  values  all  by  two  in  order  to  adapt 
them  more  nearly  to  present  market 
conditions.  The  following  list  is  taken 
from  the  report  above  referred  to,  each 
value  having  been  multiplied  by  two : 

Total  value  of  digestible 

_  nutrients  in  100  IDs. 


miu  ion  i/o  tu  iuvi  in.-'. 

torn,  dent  .  $1.00 

Corn  and  cob  meal .  .71 

Wheat  .  1.15 

Wheat  bran.  Winter .  1.096 

Wheat  shorts  .  1.18 

Wheat  middlings  .  1.24 

Wheat  screenings  .  1.01 

Oats  .  .80 

O.  P.  Linseed  meal .  2.20 

Cotton-seed  meal  .  2.75 


While  the  above  list’  gives  a  fair  com¬ 
parative  valuation  of  the  different  feeds 
for  dairy  purposes,  it  should  not  be  used 
as  a  guide  in  feeding  other  classes  of 
stock.  It  shows  plainly  that  there  is 
nothing  gained  by  selling  wheat  at  80 
cents  per  bushel  and  buying  wheat  mid¬ 
dlings  at  $1.40  oer  100.  c.  s.  G. 


T7T3  I  7  I  7  this  real  leather  bill  fold 
-L  JV  J2/X2/  for  the  Head  of  the  Farm 

(Not  for  boys  they're  all  right  and  their  turn 
will  come  later — but  this  is  for  the  boss.) 

Thousands  of  farmers  will  buy  gasoline  engines  this  Summer  and  Fall. 
I  want  to  get  in  direct  and  personal  touch  with  every  one  of  them,  as  I 
want  them  to  know  about  the  Olds  Engine. 

If  you  are  going  to  buy  an  engine,  or  are  thinking  about  it,  you  ought  to  know  what  an 
Olds  Engine  will  do  for  you.  I  want  to  tell  you  about  them — 
give  you  just  the  information  you  want — so  if  you  will  fill  out  the 
coupon  below  (or  write  me  a  letter)  saying  what  size  engine  you 
want,  whether  portable  or  stationary,  and  when  you  expect  to  need 
one,  without  asking  you  to  make  any  promise  or  obligating  you 
in  any  way,  I  will  send  you  absolutely  free  this  genuine  calfskin 
bill  fold,  stamped  with  your  name  in  gold  letters. 

It  will  hold  fifteen  bills  easily.  When  folded  it  will  go  in 
a  small  pocket.  It  is  very  convenient,  handsome  and  useful; 
will  last  a  lifetime.  Has  no  advertisement  on  it. 

f\|  fNQ  GASOLINE 
V-Jl-ii-JO  ENGINES 


are  known  the  world  over  and  used  by  farmers  everywhere.  They  are  the  most  satis¬ 
factory  engine  made  for  farm  work.  I  guarantee  them  to  do  all  we  say  they  will — you 
to  be  the  judge.  Ask  any  man  who  has  an  Olds  Engine.  He  will  tell  you. 

IVe  also  make  complete  electric  light  and  water  systems  especially  for  farms. 

W rite  for  our  prices  on  corn  shelters,  corn  huskers,  feed  grinders  and  cream  separators. 

If  you  are  going  to  buy  an  engine,  put  a  check  mark  (X)  in  the  place  showing  the  size  and  styl e 
engine  you  want,  and  when  you  expect  to  need  it,  and  mail  to  me  personally  at  once.  Address  me 
as  below. 


BRANCHES 

1007  Farnam  St. 

Omaha,  Neb. 

2112  Central  St. 

Kansas  City,  Mo. 


J.  B.  SEAGER,  Gen.  Mgr. 

Seager  Engine  Works 

908  Walnut  St.,  Lansing,  Mich. 


BRANCHES 

102  N.  Los  Angeles  St. 
Los  Angeles.  Cal. 

65C  Beverly  St. 

Boston,  Mass. 


To  make  quick  deliveries,  I  also  have  a  complete  stock  of  engines  and  parts  in  wareliouses  at 
Houston,  Tex.  Atlanta,  Ga.  Decatur,  111.  Lexington,  Miss.  Cairo,  HI.  Minneapolis,  Minn.  Binghamton,  N.Y.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

NOTICE — If  you  prefer,  write  to  my  nearest  branch,  and  if  I  am  not  there, 
my  personal  representative  will  attend  to  it. 


Cut  or  tear  off  here 


Send  me  full  particulars  about  the  following  engine.  It 
is  understood  that  I  do  not  obligate  myself  in  any  way  by 
asking  for  this  information. 

Style  wanted  :  Portable  Stationary 

Horse  Power  wanted:  \'/2  3  4 1/2  6  8  12  15  20 

Expect  to  need  it :  Aug.  Sept.  Oct.  Nov.  Dec. 


Name . 

Town . .  R .  F.  D 

County . .  State . 


Sign  name  plainly,  just  the  wav  you  want  it  on  Mil  fold. 

908 


870 


THE  RUKAE  NEW-YORKEB 


August  20, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 

J.  Campbell  Thompson,  the  attorney  for 
Fiss,  Doerr  &  Carroll,  secured  my  money 
that  was  paid  to  the  Cable  Express  Com¬ 
pany  for  a  horse  which  they  failed  to  de¬ 
liver.  I  want  to  thank  you  for  the  efficient 
service  rendered  in  connection  with  this 
case.  SUBSCRIBER. 

New  York. 

The  thanks  are  really  due  Fiss, 
Doerr  &  Carroll  and  their  attorney,  Mr. 
Thompson.  The  history  of  the  case  may 
interest  other  readers,  because  many 
have  been  caught  by  the  tricks  of  these 
“gyp”  horse  dealers.  This  subscriber 
saw  the  advertisement  of  the  Cable  Ex¬ 
press  Company,  154  East  27th  street, 
New  York,  in  the  Utica  Press,  repre¬ 
senting  that  the  firm  was  going  out  of 
the  express  business  and  desired  to  dis¬ 
pose  of  their  horses,  which  were  suit¬ 
able  for  farmers,  milkmen,  etc.  As  a 
matter  of  fact  there  is  no  such  express 
company;  there  never  was,  but  this  is 
the  style  of  name  assumed  by  one  M.  G. 
Sullivan,  who,  we  understand,  directed 
the  affairs  of  the  concern  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  deception  and  entrapping  coun¬ 
try  people  who  are  not  familiar  with 
the  methods  of  the  New  York  City 
horse  sharper.  This  subscriber  selected 
a  horse  and  agreed  upon  the  price.  He 
was  offered  the  horse  on  the  terms  that 
he  could  pay  $25  down  and  the  balance 
after  30  days’  trial.  The  horse  was  not 
shipped,  and  the  offer  of  30  days’  trial 
was,  of  course,  only  a  trap  to  get  the 
$25  deposit.  We  made  repeated  de¬ 
mands  on  M.  G.  Sullivan  and  the  com¬ 
pany  for  the  return  of  the  remittance, 
without  effect.  The  Fiss,  Doerr  &  Car- 
roll  Horse  Company  deserve  all  credit 
for  employing  an  attorney  at  their  own 
expense  to  get  redress  for  those  who 
have  been  swindled  in  this  way.  We 
bespeak  for  the  firm  the  confidence  of 
country  people  as  a*  result  of  this  work, 
but  the  publications  that  carry  this  class 
of  advertising  and  share  in  the  spoils 
merit  the  severest  censure  of  all  honest 
horse  dealers  as  well  as  horse  buyers. 

Not  long  ago  we  told  of  a  soap 
swindler  who  got  money  from  country 
people.  He  offered  200  bars  of  toilet 
soap  for  $10.50  and  threw  in  as  prem¬ 
ium  40  yards  of  Brussels  carpet.  His 
scheme  was  to  get  the  money,  deliver 
two  dozen  small  cakes,  and  then  get 
away.  The  carpet  went  down  in  the 
halls  of  imagination  and  nowhere  else. 
This  man,  calling  himself  Robert  Ed¬ 
ward  Smith  Wood,  worked  the  line  be¬ 
tween  New  Jersey  and  New  York  re¬ 
cently.  He  swindled  many  farmers’ 
wives  at  Montague,  N.  J.,  and  then 
struck  Port  Jervis,  N.  Y.  He  was 
arrested,  pleaded  guilty  and  paid  back 
the  money  to  the  New  York  women. 
Then,  the  report  states : 

Returning  to  the  Hotel  Mitchell  yester¬ 
day  lie  found  Mrs.  Lena  Stahl,  who  has  a 
truck  farm  in  Montague,  and  another 
woman.  Finding  they  could  not  cause  his 
arrest  in  this  State  because  lie  had  swin¬ 
dled  them  in  New  Jersey,  Airs.  Stahl  asked 
him  for  what  she  had  paid  him.  When  he 
refused  she  struck  him  several  blows  in  the 
face  with  her  fist.  As  he  retreated  up¬ 
stairs  she  hit  him  on  the  back,  while  the 
hotel  guests  applauded.  He  escaped  to  bis 
room  and  later  to.  Pennsylvania. 

Good  for  Mrs.  Stahl.  The  arm  of  the 
law  could  not  reach  this  rascal,  but  we 
are  glad  the  woman’s  arm  was  strong 
enough.  Let  some  other  farmer’s  wife 
use  the  mop  handle  on  him  when  he 
comes  with  his  soap  and  carpets. 

An  involuntary  petition  in  bankruptcy 
was  filed  against  Dinuovo  Bros,  by  the  fol¬ 
lowing  creditors :  Rothsburger  &  Co., 
$1,372;  O.  Roth  &  Co..  $257;  Reynolds 
Bros.,  $417.  Judge  Feeder  has  appointed 
Clifford  G.  Ludvigh  as  receiver,  under  a 
bond  of  $1,000.  The  liabilities  of  the  con¬ 
cern  are  placed  at  $15,000.  with  assets  of 
$2,000.  The  business  was  run  by  James  and 
Antonio  Dinuovo.  and  up  to  a  few  we>‘ks 
ago  was  located  on  Christopher  street.  The 
address  is  now  given  at  210  Elizabeth 
street.  The  firm  has  been  in  business  for 
several  years  and  operated  creameries  in 
New  York  State  and  Pennsylvania. — Daily 
Paper. 

We  cautioned  our  readers  against  ex¬ 
tending  credit  to  this  concern  more  than 
a  year  ago.  In  spite  of  this  fact  a  good 
many  farmers  will  be  found  among  the 
list  of  creditors.  From  the  above  state¬ 
ment  of  the  assets  and  liabilities,  credi¬ 
tors  can  hope  to  realize  little  after  the 
expense  of  bankruptcy  proceedings  are 
met. 

On  June  30,  1910,  I  shipped  10  crates  of 
strawberries  to  E.  M.  Shell.  Ft.  Wayne, 
lud. ;  I  have  written  him  several  times,  and 
can  g't  no  answer.  Tlease  see  what  you  can 
do  for  me.  f.  e.  w. 

Michigan. 

We  were  no  more  successful  in  get¬ 
ting  a  response  from  Mr.  Shell  than 
the  inquirer,  but  our  investigation  re¬ 
vealed  the  fact  that  Shell  is  spending 


a  year  in  the  Federal  Penitentiary  at 
Leavenworth,  Kans.,  for  swindling  other 
shippers  in  the  same  way.  He  is  de¬ 
scribed  as  the  best  specimen  of  a  crook 
that  Indiana  has  ever  turned  out.  There 
are  plenty  of  reliable  houses  in  the  com¬ 
mission  business,  and  it  is  the  height 
of  folly  for  shippers  to  send  goods  to 
houses  or  parties  unknown  to  them 
without  first  looking  up  their  standing 
and  responsibility. 

I  am  sending  you  a  descriptive  sheet  of 
Broadacres  Realty  Co.,  Lincoln  Park,  N.  J. 
We  have  bought  four  house  lots,  and  since 
buying  have  been  told  it  is  a  scheme.  We 
paid  quite  a  little  down  ;  the  laud  is  very 
near  Lincoln  Park  Station.  They  give  a 
contract  which  we  sign,  one  we  return,  one 
we  keep.  We  get  a  warranty  deed  when  we 
pay  all ;  no  interest  first  year,  and  we  ex¬ 
pect  to  pay  in  a  few  months  and  expect  to 
build  soon.  Do  you  know  anything  wrong 
about  it?  M. 

New  Jersey. 

Another  subscriber  gives  us  the  fol¬ 
lowing  information  regarding  this  prop¬ 
erty,  which  indicates  that  it  is  about  the 
last  place  "anyone  knowing  the  condi¬ 
tions  would  select  to  build  a  home : 

If  you  refer  to  Lincoln  Park,  Morris  Co., 
N.  .T.,  there  is  a  real  estate  boom  going  on 
there.  I  know  the  location  as  well  as  I 
know  my  own  name;  have  been  over  it 
many  times.  I  am  about  two  miles  from  it. 
It  is'  the  farm  of  J.  N.  Dehart,  bought  last 
year  for  a  large  sum  of  money,  and  they 
are  developing  it;  that  is,  grading,  setting 
out  trees,  cutting  streets  through  and  sell¬ 
ing  city  lots.  The  locality  is  all  good  soil, 
is  finest  in  State  for  garden  truck,  but 
every  time  the  Pequannock  River  rises  over 
its  banks  it  goes  under  water,  and  only  one 
little  high  spot  is  out,  and  that  is  where 
the  farm  buildings  are  located.  This  land 
is  on  the  banks  of  the  river  and  extends 
west  from  it.  bounded  on  the  south  by  D., 
L.  &  W.  It.  R.,  Boonton  Branch.  This  may 
save  some  one  from  putting  hard-earned 
money  in  it.  ‘  subscriber. 

Passaic  Co.,  N.  J. 

Charles  E.  Dean  was  arrested  yesterday 
on  a  charge  of  having  used  the  mails  to 
promote  a  lottery  scheme.  The  post  office 
inspector  said  Dean  was  a  representative  of 
El  Protecto,  an  industrial  enterprise  of  Ha¬ 
vana,  Cuba,  which,  besides  being  interest!  d 
in  loans  and  insurance,  had  started  a  lot¬ 
tery  as  an  adjunct  to  its  business.  Com¬ 
missioner  Shields,  before  whom  he  was  ar¬ 
raigned,  fixed  his  bail  at  $1,000.— News  Dis¬ 
patch. 

The  charge  in  this  case  was  that  Dean 
circulated  printed  matter  concerning  the 
lottery  through  the  mails. 

In  1907  I  took  up  a  correspondence 
course  with  the  Success  Shorthand  School 
of  ‘  Chicago,  Ill.,  and  because  I  enlisted 
within  a  certain  time  and  remitted  $10  I 
would  be  taught  to  be  an  “expert”  steno¬ 
grapher  for  $23,  with  the  understanding 
that  if  I  were  not  satisfied  after  12  lessons 
(half  the  course)  they  would  refund-  me 
the  money.  I  paid  them  $20  and  took  eight 
lessons,  but  was  not  satisfied  and  asked 
then!  to  return  the  money,  deducting  a  rea¬ 
sonable  fee’  for  their  trouble.  I  did  not  get 
satisfaction,  and  in  1908  asked  you  to  take 
this  matter  up  with  them.  All  the  satis¬ 
faction  I  got  was  that  they  considered  I 
did  not  come  up  to  my  •  agreement.  They 
did  not  want  to  come  up  to  theirs  so  I 
reconciled  myself  with  a  lesson  in  experi¬ 
ence  which  cost  me  $20  and  destroyed  all 
the  correspondence.  Now  they  have  the 
nerve  to  ask  me  to  pay  $10.  After  such 
an  experience  I  do  not  cafe  to  go  any 
farther.  I  certainly  will  not  take  any  more 
tuition  from  them  at  the  rate  of  $j  a  les¬ 
son,  and  as  it  is  have  paid  them  $20  for 
eight  lessons,  and  I  believe  I  do  not  owe 
them  anything  more.  c.  k. 

New  York. 

While  these  schools  may  offer  some 
general  information  on  the  subjects  they 
offer  to  teach,  the  propositions  they 
make  before  they  get  the  money  are 
entirely  changed  when  the  student  de¬ 
sires  to  withdraw  and  take  advantage 
of  their  guarantee.  J.  J.  D. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


When  your  Pasture  gives  out  - 


Ylhat  the#? 


Now, 

Mr.  Dairyman, 
what  are  you  going 
to  do  when  your  pasture 
is  all  gone— eaten  up  by  your 
cows— burned  up  by  a  long  summer 
drought?  Going  to  be  satisfied  with  les¬ 
sened  milk  records?  No  need  of  it,  be¬ 
lieve  us.  Good  as  summer  pasture  is,  you 
can  get  along  without  it — get  as  heavy  a  milk 
flow — maintain  perfect  health  in  your  herd. 


^V\\\\IY\VVVXVXXVVVVVVVVVVVVV^ 


L 

I _ 

^  through  a  dealer,  will 
^  prove  satislactory  to  the 

4  buyer  or  we  will  refund 
^  the  purchase  price. 

5  Larger  quantities  can  be 
g  bought 


We  stand  on 
this  Guaranty 

We  guarantee  that  any 
sack  of  our  Dried  Beet 
Pulp  bought  for  trial. 


^  with  the  privi- 

s  lege  of  trying  one  sack 
^  and  if  found  unsatisfac- 
^  tory,  the  entire  purchase 
^  price  will  be  refunded 
5  if  the  unused  portion  is  „ 

§  shipped  in  accordance  i 
5  with  instructions  to  be  5 
§  received  from  us.  ^ 

U~Wvvxx~vvvvvxxxvxvv^  Go  t0  your  dealer>  and 

secure  a  trial  sack  on  our  guarantee  basis — 
money  back  if  you  are  not  satisfied.  Ask 
for  our  free  booklet  “  Feeding  for  Larger 
Profits,”  or  write  us  for  a  copy. 

THE  LARROWE  MILLING  CO. 

Box  604,  Ford  Building 
Detroit.  Mich. 


Doesn’t  that  sound  good  ?  And  it’s  true. 


DRIED  BEET  PULP 

Just  Like  Roots 

Proves  its  merits  in  countless  tests.  We 
have  actual  records  and  will  gladly 
send  them  to  you  on  request.  Let  us 
show  you  how  to  do  summer  feeding 
wholly  or  in  part  without  pasture. 

And  your  cows  will  like  it — thrive 
on  it — be  sleek— free  from  di¬ 
gestive  troubles — and,  best 
test  of  all,  produce  just  as 
much  milk,  we  will  prove 
this  with  a  test  on  one 
cow  or  your  whole  herd. 


r  .'J'.'.v, 


H 


A  r 


NEWTON’S  HEAVE 

COUCH,  DISTEMPER  IDE1 

AND  INDIGESTION  VUIUi 

The  Ilrsior  second  $1.00  can  cures  Heaves.  The  third 
can  is  guaranteed  to  cure 


-  The  Standard  Veterinary  Remedy. 

Makes  the  Horne  Strong  and  Willing  to  Work. 

CURES  HEAVES  BY  CORRECTING  THE  CAUSE 
which  is  Indigestion.  Send  for  booklet  “Horse  Troub¬ 
les."  Explains  fully  about  the  Wind,  Throat,  Stomach 
ami  Blood.  Newton’sissafeforcolt,  adult  or  mare  in  foal 
,  A  GRAND  CONDITIONER  AND  WORM  EXPELLER 
$1.00  a  con  at  dealers,  or  express  prepaid 
THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO.,  Toledo,  Ohio 

THICK,  SWOLLEN  GLANDS 

that  make  a  horse  Wheeze, 

Boar,  have  Thick  Wind  or 
Choke-down,  can  be  re¬ 
moved  with 


Imperial 


Pulverizer 


Clod  Crusher  and  Roller  Leads  them  All.  Send  for  circulars. 
THE  PETERSON  MFG.  CO..  135  RIVER  ST..  KENT.  OHIO 


Monarch 


^BSORBINE 


DAILY 

OUTPUT 

18,000 

BBLS 


YEARLY 

OUTPUT 

OVER 

6,500,000 


ALPHA 

PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


Hydraulic 

Cider  Press 


also  any  Bunch  or  Swelling.  No 
blister,  no  hair  gone,  and 
horse  kept  at  work.  $2  per  bot¬ 
tle.  delivered.  Book  3  K  free. 

ABSORUINE,  JK.,  liniment  for  mankind. 
Reduces  Goitre,  Tumors,  Wens,  Painful,  Knotted 
Varicose  Veins,  Ulcers.  *1.00  and  $2.00  a  bottle  at 
dealers  or  delivered.  Book  with  testimonials  free. 

W.F.Y0UNG>P.D.F«g8  Temple  St.,  Springfield, Mass, 


Net  owners  254  to  lOOfl 
on  investment  per  year 
Ask  for  Free  Cat¬ 
alog  and  “Good 
Tip”  booklet  tell¬ 
ing  how. 

Monarch  Machinery  Co.,  609  Hudson  Terminal,  New  York- 

HARVEY  BOLSTER  SPRINGS 

.Soon  save  their  cost.  Make  every  wagon  a  spring: 
j|  wagon,  therefore  fruit,  vegetables,  eggs,  etc., 
h  bring:  more  money.  Ask  for  special  proposition. 

]  liarTey  Spring  Co.,  JIG- litk  St.,  Uaeine,  Wig. 


GUARANTEED 


James  Sanitary 
Barn  Equipment 


’Keeps  stalls  and  cows  clean- 
saves  time  and  labor--protects 
stock,  increases  profits,--pays 
for  itself  in  a  year.  Catalogs 
FREE--Write  today.  Kent  Mfg.  Co. 
3330  Cane  St.  Ft.  Atkinson,  Wis. 


Brown 

Strongest,  most  durable  fence  "“M-c  -  1  ’ 
made.  Heaviest,  closest  wires.  Double 

[galvanized.  Practically  indestructible.  Stock  ^ 

strong  Chicken  tight.  14  to  35c  per  rod.  Sample  free.  Wepayfrt.  --- 

The  Brown  Fence  &  Wire  Co.,  Dept.  59  Cleveland,  Ohio  i 


BINDER 


Attachment  with  Corn  Harvester 
cuts  and  throws  in  pilesou  harvester 
or  winrows.  -Man  and  horse  cuts  and 
shocks  equal  with  a  Corn  Binder. 
Sold  in  every  state.  Price  820  with  Binder  Attachment. 
8.  C.  MONTGOMERY,  of  Texaline,  Tex.,  writes  ••The 
harvester  lias  proven  all  you  claim  for  it.  With  the 
assistance  of  one  man  cut  and  bound  over  100  acres  of 
Corn,  Kaffir  Corn  and  Maize  last  year.”  Testimonials  and 
catalog  free,  showing  pictures  or  harvester, 

NEW  PROCESS  MFG.  CO.,  SAUNA,  KAN. 


Make  If  Yourself 

If  you  have  timber,  save  money 
and  make  money  sawing  for 
others,  with  a  Portable 

American  Saw  Mill 

Simple,  reliable,  little  power 
needed,  no  experience  necessary. 

*  Catalog  free.  Also  describes  wood- 
.working  machinery  of  all  kinds. 

AMERICAN  SAW  MILL  MACH’Y  CO. 

129  Hope  St.,  llackettstown, X.J. 
1582  Terminal  Bldgs.,  New  York 


—99  %,  %  Pure- 

American  Ingot  Iron  Roofing 

Guaranteed  For  30  Years 

Without  Painting 

The  Only  Guaranteed  Metal  Roofing  ever  put  on  the 
market.  Samples  free.  Write  for  a  free  book  showing 
remarkable  tests.  A  way  out  of  your  roof  troubles. 

THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  C0„  Dept.  D,  ELTRIA,  OHIO 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Tin: 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


iyii. 


Crops  and  Markets 

Wholesale  Prices  at  New  York, 
Week  Ending  August  18,  1911. 

BUTTER 

Creamery,  -fancy,  lb . 26  ©  .27 

Good  to  Choice . 22  @  .25 

Cower  Grades  .  18  @  .21 

State  Dairy,  best . . 24  ©  .25 

Common  to  Good . 15  @  .23 

Factory . 14  ®  .20 

Packing  Slock . . 16  @  .1SJ^ 

Elgin.  111.,  butter  market  firm  at  26  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  27  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  27  cents. 
CHEESE 


Full  Cream,  best,  new . 

Common  to  Good . 

Skims . 

05 

@  .12  U 
®  -10 
@  .10 

EGGS 

White,  good  to  choice . 

..  .26 

@  .30 

M; xed  Colors,  best . 

@  .25 

Common  to  Good . 

@  .18 

Western,  best . 

®  .23 

Under  grades . 

@  .IS 

Checks  and  dirties . . 

©  .15 

BEANS 

Marrow,  100  lbs . 

..  3.50 

fd  4.15 

Pea . 

.  3.50 

(§)  4.25 

Yellow  Eye . 

rd  M.55 

Bed  Kidney .  . 

©  6.20 

WhiteKidney . 

©  5.20 

lama.  California . 

@  6.65 

HOPS 

Prime  to  Choice . . 

..  .40 

®  .41 

Common  to  Good . 

@  .39 

Pacific  Coast . 

@  .41 

FKESH  FltUITS 

Apples.  Astrachan,  bbl. . 

.  .75 

@  1.50 

Alexander . 

©  2.00 

Sweet  Bough,  bbl . 

.  .75 

®  1.25 

Gravenstein . 

@  175 

Duchess .  1.00  @  2.00 

Nyack .  1.00  @  1.50 

Orange  Pippin . 75  ©  1.25 

Holland  Pippin  .  1.00  @  1.50 

Windfalls,  bbl . 50  @  .75 

Various.  54-bbl.  bkt . 25  @  .75 

Crabapples.  bbl .  4.00  @  7.00 

Pears.  Bell,  bbl .  1.50  ©2.75 

Flemish  Beauty,  bbl .  1.50  ®  2.00 

Bartlett,  J^-bbl .  1.00  ©  1.75 

Clapp’s .  3.00  ®  4.25 

Peaches,  Western  N.  Y.,  carrier . 75  ©  1.50 

Western  N.  Y.,  bkt . 15  ©  .65 


Oklahoma,  carrier . 

.  1.50 

@ 

1.75 

Del.  and  Md.,  carrier  . 

.  1.00 

@ 

2.00 

Del.  and  Md.,  bkt . 

.  .25 

© 

1.00 

Jersey,  crate . 

:  i.25 

2.50 

Jersey,  bkt . . 

.  .25 

© 

1.50 

Pine  Island,  bkt . 

@  1.25 

Muskmelons,  Southern,  crate . 

.  .40 

@ 

1.25 

Maryland,  crate . 

.  .75 

1.75 

Jersey,  bkt . 

.  .50 

@  1.00 

Arizona,  crate . 

fd 

1.25 

California,  crate . 

.  .75 

© 

2.00 

Watermelons.  Southern,  100 . 

.10.00 

©25.00 

Huculeberries.  quart . 

© 

.16 

Blackberries,  qt . 

© 

.16 

Raspberries,  red,  piut.  . 

.  .06 

@ 

.09 

Plums,  8-lb.  bkt . 

.  .10 

® 

.20 

Grapes,  Moore’s  Early.  18-lb.  case.. 

.  .60 

.75 

Champion . 

.  .40 

® 

.50 

Maryland,  Carrier . 

.  .75 

© 

1.00 

VEGETABLES 

Potatoes,  Jersey,  bbl . 

@ 

2.75 

Southern,  No.  1,  bbl . 

.  2.00 

© 

2.50 

Southern,  No.  2.  bbl . 

.  1.50 

@ 

1.75 

Ixing  Island,  bbl . 

.  2.25 

@ 

2.75 

sweet  Potatoes,  bbl . 

@  4.00 

Beets,  new,  100  bunches . . 

.  1.00 

@ 

1.50 

Carrots,  new,  bbl . 

.  1.00 

©  1.25 

Cabbage,  Long  Island,  bbl . 

.  .75 

1.25 

Sweet  Corn,  choice.  100 . 

.  1.00 

© 

1.25 

Common  to  Good . 

@ 

.80 

Cucumbers,  bu . 

.  .25 

@ 

.50 

Pickles,  bbl . 

@ 

1.50 

Celery,  Jersey,  bunch . 

.  .10 

@ 

.35 

Lettuce. Rj-bbl.  bkt . 

.  .25 

ffl 

.75 

Chicory  and  Escarol,  bbl . 

@ 

.75 

Peppers,  Jersey,  bbl . 

.  .75 

fd 

1.25 

Horseradish,  100  lbs . 

.  3.00 

©  5.00 

@ 

.40 

Unions,  Long  Island,  bbl . 

.  2.00 

© 

2.75 

Orange  Co.,  bag . 

.  1.25 

®  2.25 

Jersey,  bu . 

,  .75 

@ 

1.50 

Conn.  Yellow,  100-lb.  bag . 

.  2.00 

® 

2.25 

Peas.  State,  bu . 

(d) 

1.75 

Radishes.  100  bunches . 

.75 

& 

1.25 

String  Beans,  bu . . 

.  .25 

(& 

.90 

Lima  Beans,  potato,  bu .  . 

1.00 

@ 

1.25 

Flat  kinds . 

@ 

1.00 

Spinach,  bbl . 

© 

1.00 

Squasn.  Marrow,  bbl . 

.50 

© 

.75 

Crook  Neck,  bbl . 

,  .50 

•d 

.75 

Turnips,  Rutabaga,  bbl . 

.  .75 

® 

.90 

White,  bbl. .  . . 

© 

1.60 

Egg  Plants,  Norfolk,  bbl . 

.  .50 

»a) 

.75 

Jersey,  bu . 

.25 

(d 

.30 

Tomatoes,  So.  Jersey  Acme,  box . . 

.  .50 

© 

.90 

Upper  Jersey  Acme,  box . 

1 .01) 

fd 

1.60 

Upper  Jersey  Stone,  bu . 

.50 

® 

1.01) 

Common,  bu . 

fd 

.40 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Chickens,  Broilers,  lb . 

.15 

© 

.17 

Fowls  .  . 

J3«® 

.14 

Roosters . 

.08 

© 

.0!) 

Ducks . 

.12 

.13 

Geese . 

fd 

.10 

Turkeys . 

© 

.13 

O  It  ESS  E  D  PO  U  LTR  Y— Fr  E8H 

Killed 

Turkeys,  best . 

.14 

© 

.15 

Common  to  Good . 

.12 

m 

.13 

Chickens,  fancy  broilers,  lb . 

22 

@ 

24 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 

.18 

fd 

.20 

Fowls . . . 

13 

® 

.16 

Spring  Ducks,  lb  . 

.14 

.16 

Squabs,  do/. . 

1.00 

@  i 

3.50 

DRESSED  POULTRY— Frozen 

’’’urkeys.  best . 

.22 

© 

.23 

Chickens,  milk-fed  roasters . 

.18 

fa) 

.20 

Corn-fed  roasters . 

® 

.17 

THE  IV LJ  RA  I>  NEW-YORKER 
WOOD 


TOBACCO. 
Conn,  broadleaf-llller . 


CHICAGO 


Fowls . ., .  .11  ©  .16 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Uay.  No.  1,  ton . 27.00  ©  28.00 

No.  2 . 22.00  @  26.00 

No.  3 . 17.00  ®  10.00 

Clover  Mixed . I(i. 00  ©  22  00 

Clover . . . 15.00  ©  18.00 

Straw,  Rye . 12.00  ©  16.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 8.00  ®  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers.  100  lbs . 4.60  ®  7.60 

Bulls . 2.50  ©  4.60 

Cows .  1.50  @5.00 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 6.00  @  9.50 

Culls  . 4.00  ©  5.50 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 2.50  @  3.75 

l.ambs .  5.00  ©  7.35 

Clogs . 6.70  @  6.80 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1 .  Northern  Spring . 1.10  © 

No.  2,  Red . 94  ©  .. 

No.  1  Macaroui . 1.07  @  .. 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 68  @  .71 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 45  @  .48 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 88  ©  .90 

MILD  FEED — Car  Dots 

Spring  Bran, ton .  25.50  ©  26.50 

Standard  Middlings .  28.00  ©  31.00 

lied  Dog .  30.00  @  32.00 

Hominy  Chop .  24.50  ©  25.60 

Linseed  Meal .  35.00  @  35.50 


corn  Meal  . . 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland... 

Middling  Gulf . 

New  Orleans,  Dow  Middling  .. 

Good  Middling  . 


..  27.00  ©  28.00 

12.60 
12.85 
11.45 
12.35 


Lambs,  100  lbs. . . . 


BUFFALO 


Fowls... 


...  .19 

© 

.21 

, .  25 

© 

.26 

© 

.26 

@ 

.25^ 

.08 

© 

.10 

.60 

@ 

75 

.05 

@ 

.06 

.12 

© 

.16 

@ 

.20 

.  .07«@ 

.09 

.10 

@ 

.20 

.12 

© 

.30 

.10 

® 

.12 

.  .22 

® 

.26 

@ 

.17 

.  .10 

® 

.12 

.  .11 

® 

12 

.  .13 

® 

.14 

®  i 

1.90 

® 

.08 

®  i 

(.90 

.4.25 

@  7 

.00 

.7.20 

@  5 

’90 

.  .26 

.27 

..  .18 

® 

.22 

. .  .16 

@ 

.17 

..  .12 

@ 

.14 

..3.00 

@  3 

.50 

..5.50 

®  9 

'.00 

. .  1 .50 

@  3 

.75 

..1.00 

@  7 

.25 

@  8 

;.io 

© 

.91 

..  .67 

@ 

.69 

..  .42 

@ 

.44 

Boston  Prices. 

liens,  alive,  bring  13  to  15  cents  a 
pound  ;  dressed,  14  to  18  cents,  wholesale. 
Prices  on  chickens  vary  according  to  trade. 

Ilogs  sell  at  about  seven  cents,  live 
weight.  Fresh  eggs  sell  locally  and  in  Bos¬ 
ton  as  high  as  38  to  40  cents ;  other  grades 
down  to  25  cents  per  dozen. 

Milch  cows  bring  from  $50  to  $100  each, 
according  to  quality;  beef  cows,  from  $30  to 
$00,  according  to  size  and  condition  ;  young 
calves  from  $2.50  to  $5  when  a  few  days 

old. 

Butter  wholesales  at  26  to  2S  cents  per 
pound  ;  retails  from  30  to  35  cents  locally 
and  in  the  city,  although  renovated  and 
sold  as  creamery  sells  as  low  as  25  cents  in 
some  stores.  Cheese  wholesales  at  1 1  to  14 
cents;  retails  from  15  to  18  cents  at  most 
stores. 

Native  pears  are  short  crop  in  many  sec¬ 
tions.  Clapp’s  Favorite  are  selling  at  about 
$2  per  bushel.  Apples  are  not  too  plenty 
and  selling  at  fair  prices.  Early  Williams 
sell  at  about  $1  per  bushel.  This  is  about 
the  price  of  other  varieties  also,  although 
they  vary  some,  according  to  quality. 

Corn  is  up  and  down,  with  not  a  heavy 
supply  as  yet.  and  brings  from  50  cents  to 
$1  a  box.  Cabbage  short  and  sells  at  $1.75 
to  $2.25  a  barrel.  String  beans  go  at  $1.50 
and  better  per  box ;  bunch  beets  short  and 
sell  at  four  to  five  cents  per  bunch,  whole¬ 
sale  ;  the  usual  price  at  this  time  of  year  is 
two  or  two  and  one-half  cents.  Tomatoes  - 
not  in  heavy  supply  as  yet  and  sell  at  about 
$3  a  box.  Potatoes  bring  $3.25  to  $3.75 
per  barrel;  not  many  of  these  are  raised  by 
local  gardeners,  but  are  brought  in  from 
Maine,  Canada,  New  York  and  other  places 
in  their  respective  seasons. 


Late  corn  doing  fine,  pastures  good  ;  many 
are  working  roads.  Considerable  wheat  wiil 
be  sown.  Melon  crops  good.  Plenty  of  rain. 
Oats,  34  cents;  potatoes,  $2;  wheat,  $1 ; 
corn,  60  cents ;  Timothy  seed,  $5.50  per 
bushel.  Hay  crop  short.  Early  corn  failed 
to  ear.  Many  improvements  being  made  on 
the  fsTrms.  Irish  potato  crop  nearly  a  fail¬ 
ure.  Plums,  peaches,  grapes  and  apples 
good  crop.  Weather  cool.  w.  r.  s. 

Brashcar,  Mo. 

The  drought  here  has  at  last  been  broken, 
and  while  the  rain  came  almost  too  late  to 
save  the  corn,  it  will  help  pastures,  fruit 
and  gardens.  This  section  had  a  tremendous 
apple  crop  last  year,  and  there  are  a  few 
folks  who  will  have  considerable  fruit  this 
year.  I  have  heard  of  one  large  orchard 
near  Fishersville  that  has  an  estimated 
crop  of  4,000  barrels.  Some  of  the  orchards 
about  Waynesboro  will  also  have  good  crops. 

Fishersville,  Va.  g.  e.  p. 

The  weather  conditions  in  Lawrence 
County,  Ohio,  are  sad  to  relate.  We  had 
only  .64  of  an  inch  of  rain  in  Mav,  2.33  in 
.Tune,  2.53  in  July,  and  .47  in  the  first  11 
days  of  August,  making  6.02  inches  in  all, 
and  it  came  in  showers  which  soon  dried 
up.  The  heat  has  been  intense  and  con¬ 
siderable  breeze  lias  caused  things  to  be¬ 
come  dry.  Trees  are  dying  and  fruit  is 
wilting  in  most  all  orchards,  especially  on 
our  hills.  Potatoes  are  complete  failures, 
and  many  patches  of  early  ones  will  not  be 
dug,  as  nothing  set  on  the  vines,  although 
they  made  good  tops.  Hay  was  the  poor¬ 
est  ever  known  here.  Corn  is  poor,  too, 
and  much  of  it  will  never  make  an  ear; 
it  is  firing  now,  and  some  is  being  cut  to 
save  the  fodder,  as  feed  is  scarce  and  no 
money  hardly  to  buy  with.  Last  year 
fruit  and  vegetables  went  to  market  in 
abundance  from  almost  every  farm,  and 
now  there  is  hardly  even  a  decent  load 
taken  from  any  farm.  One  man  on  the 
road  where  he  can  see  all  the  wagons  going 
to  market  says  there  is  not  one  wagon 
this  year  where  there  were  20  last  year, 
and  those  that  do  go  have  just  a  littie  to 
sell  compared  to  a  big  load  last  year.  Pas¬ 
tures  are  as  bare  as  a  paved  street  where 
plenty  of  stock  has  been  kept,  and  peoDlo 
are  wanting  to  sell  their  stock  and  can  get 
only  very  low  prices.  It  has  been  so  dry 
that  very  little  grass  and  weeds  have 
grown  in  the  orchards  for  mulch  so  we  are 
up  against  it.  u.  t.  cox. 

Ohio. 


Coming  Farmers’  Meetings. 

New  York  Evaporated  Fruit  Growers’ 
Association,  Rochester,  August  17. 

Peninsula  Horticultural  Society, 

Md.,  August  24. 

Toronto,  Canada,  fair,  August 
tember  11. 

New  England  Fair,  Worcester, 
September  4-7. 

Connecticut  Fair,  Hartford,  September 
4-9. 

Maine  State  Fair,  Auburn,  September  4-7. 

New  York  State  Fair,  Syracuse,  N.  Y., 
September  11-16. 


Berlin, 
26- Sep- 
Mass., 


Ohio  State  Horticultural  Society,  Torch 
Hill,  September  19. 

Vermont  State  Fair,  White  River  Junc¬ 
tion,  September  19-22. 

o_  New  Jersey  Fair,  Trenton,  September 

New  England  Fruit  Show,  Boston,  Mass., 
October  23-28. 

National  Dairy  Show,  Chicago,  Ill.,  Octo¬ 
ber  26-November  4. 

National  Creamery  Rutter  Makers’  Asso¬ 
ciation.  Chicago,  November  1-3. 

Indiana  Apple  Show,  Indianapolis,  No¬ 
vember  6-11. 

Massachusetts’  Corn  Show,  Springfield, 
Mass.,  November  11-18. 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE. 

Hops.— Owing  to  the  doubtful  crop  out¬ 
look  in  New  York  State,  some  very  high 
prices  are  being  made  for  the  new  crop, 
in  one  case  50  cents  per  pound  is  reported. 
Many  hop  yards  have  a  serious  attack  of 
blue  mold. 

Apples. — The  market  is  overloaded  with 
windfalls  and  undergrades,  selling  from  20 
to  30  cents  per  bushel.  Picked  fruit  runs 
from  $1  to  $2  per  barrel,  but  this  week's 
receipts  have  had  very  few  that  brought 
the  latter  price.  Of  course  this  is  no  indi¬ 
cation  of  what  Winter  apples  will  bring, 
or  of  the  choice  Fall  varieties  for  that  mat¬ 
ter,  because  there  are  so  few  of  that  grade 
now  in  the  market. 

For  nearly  two  months,  13  prominent 
New  Y'ork  live  poultry  dealers  have  boon 
on  trial  for.  conspiracy  in  restraint  of  trade. 
They  have  now  been  found  guilty  and  a 
fine  of  $500  and  imprisonment  for  three 
months  imposed  on  each.  Indictments  have 
been  found  against  more  than  50  other  live 
poultry  dealers  and  slaughterers  on  the 
ground  that  there  is  a  general  conspiracy 
to  raise  the  consumptive  price  of  live 
poultry  slaughtered  for  the  Jewish  trade 
in  the  special  manner  prescribed  by  their 
religion. 

The  Package  Laws. —What  are  the  New 
York  City  authorities  doing  about  enforce¬ 
ment  of  the  short  package  laws? 

Several  have  asked  this  question,  and 
doubtless  others  wish  to  know.  The  weights 
and  measures  officers  are  studying  the  mat¬ 
ter.  and  say  that  the  law  wiil  be  enforced 
thoroughly,  but  there  are  differences  of 
opinion  regarding  their  authority  and  what 
interpretation  shall  be  put  on  some  parts 
of  the  statute.  Like  most  laws,  it  needs  a 
series  of  court  rulings  to  straighten  out  the 
inconsistencies  and  find  just  what  it  means. 
The  provisions  which  are  supposed  to  pro¬ 
tect  those  who  buy  fruits  or  vegetables 
from  the  commission  men  are  farcical. 
Those  dealers  not'd  no  protection.  As  soon 
as  they  see  an  alleged  barrel,  quart,  etc., 
they  know  whether  it  is  full  size  or  scant, 
and.  if  the  latter,  they  buy  it  on  that 
basis.  They  are  as  well  able  to  take  care 
of  themselves  as  the  commission  man.  A 
favorite  method  of  spotters  who  are  trying 
to  get  evidence  against  produce  dealers  is 
to  ask  :  “How  much  a  quart  for  those  ber¬ 
ries  ?” 

The  produce  dealer,  awake  to  the  mean¬ 
ing  of  the  question,  says:  “They  are  not 
quarts.  They’re  large  pints.’’  Likewise, 
sacks  of  potatoes  that,  owing  to  shrinkage, 
may  weigh  150  pounds,  he  marks  140,  to 
make  himself  safe  with  inspectors,  yet  the 
man  who  buys  them  will  pay  for  the  full 
amount.  Both  the  buyers  and  sellers  share 
the  opinion  of  “Mr.  Bumble,”  in  Oliver 
Twist,  regarding  some  of  the  laws  for  regu¬ 
lating  their  business  made  by  people  with 
no  knowledge  of  its  practical  workings. 
But  this  is  no  defence  of  the  scant  package, 
which  ought  not  to  exist.  Quart  berry 
boxes  ought  to  he  quarts,  and  apple  and 
potato  barrels  ought  to  be  barrels,  by  Fed¬ 
eral  law.  This  would  make  a  feeling  of 
confidence  in  packages  that  is  good  for 
business.  Producers  have  it  in  their  power 
to  drive  scant  packages  out  of  the  trade  by 
’insisting  on  using  nothing  but  standards, 
both  for  local  and  shipping  trade.  Any 
commission  man  who  advises  a  shipper  to 
use  short  quarts  or  barrels  on  the  ground 
that  he  will  get  just  as  much  for  them  as 
full  size' is  a  good  man  to  keep  away  from. 
ITe  may  doctor  his  returns  so  as  to  show 
that  the  short  quarts  sent  him  brought  as 
much  as  a  neighbor’s  full  quarts  sent  an¬ 
other  commission  man.  but  there  is  a 
“joker”  in  all  such  statements.  An  honest 
commission  man  who  knows  his  business 
will  get  a  better  price  for  full  quarts  than 
for  scants,  and  wiil  see  that  the  shipper 
gets  his  full  return. 

The  city  authorities  are,  however,  doing 
effective  work  in  a  field  where  protection  of 
buyers  is  greatly  needed,  the  retail  stores. 
Here  is  where  most  of  the  cheating  is  done, 
and  all  scales  and  measures  ought  to  be 
closely  looked  after.  One  or  two  dishonest 
retailers,  by  giving  short  measure  or  weight 
and  cutting  prices,  can  make  it  difficult  for 
honest  men  to  do  business  in  that  neighbor¬ 
hood.  Some  who  weigh  or  measure  their 
purchases  will  detect  such  mistakes  (?), 
but  the  majority  do  not.  w.  w.  h. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y".  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

PULLETS  FOR  SALE. 

T,^eJe^ty‘flTe  D-  W.  Young’s  Strain  S.  C.  W.  LEG- 
HORNS,  hatciied  April  10th:  have  been  well  grown 
on  free  range,  and  will  average  close  to  three  lbs. 
each  in  weight  at  present  time.  Will  lay  in  Sep¬ 
tember.  When  in  mature  laying  condition  will 
weigh  five  lbs.  each.  Every  bird  has  pure  white 
plumage  and  yellow  legs.  Not  a  Cull  in  the  lot. 

1  rice  each.  Delivery  In  September. 

TIIE  MACKEY  FARMS,  Gilhoa,  N.Y  . 

0SE  COMB  BLACK  MIN0RCAS— Hens.  Pullets  and 

Cockerels  for  sale.  GEO,  BOWDISH,  Esperance,  N.  Y. 

7110  S  C-  W  LEGHORNS- Annual  Sale  of  Tlior- 

*  WWonghhred  Yearlings  and  Two-Year-Olds. 

!■ .  B.  Dills,  .Maple  Spring  Farm,  Flemington,  N.  J. 

FOR  SAT  F~350  March  and  April  Hatch  S.  C. 
r  ,  ,  OAL,E\  W.  LEGHORN  PULLETS  from 
good  laying  stock.  Address  B.  B.  Chase,  Wyamiiifl,  Del. 

FOR  SAIF-SineIe  Com,>  leghorns 

(hens):  also  Indian  Runner  Ducks: 
$i. 00  apiece  up.  (  HAS.  U.  RODNEY,  Hartly,  Del. 

HAMPSHIRE  DOWNS  J&MiS 

ling  Ewes  and  Ewe  Lambs  for  sale:  from  fine  im¬ 
ported  Ram.  All  registered.  Write  vour  wants 
Prices  right.  W.  H.  Crawford,  R.F.D.  No.  10,  Merter,  Pa 


R 


871 

CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  August  26,  1911. 
FARM  TOPICS. 

“The  Land  of  Heart's  Delight.”  Tart  V.  854 
Pump  in  Connection  With  Drainage..  854 

How  Canada  Thistles  are  Killed . 855 

Story  of  a  Hybrid  Vermont  Farm...  855 

A  Vermin- Proof  Corncrib . ]  856 

Killing  Paint  Brush .  g5g 

The  Exhibits  at  New  Y'ork  Fairs.'.'.!!  856 

Crops  in  Western  Now  Y'ork .  856 

White  Grubs  and  Alfalfa . 057 

Lime  Dust  .  ' ' 

The  Story  of  Lime . 859 

Y’itality  of  Seed  Corn .  <c>9 

Hope  Farm  Notes . 860 

Canadian  Aid  to  Agriculture.  .  .  .  gfjq 

Diary  of  Farm  Work . !!  g63 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

Corn  Belt  Pork  Production . 853  854 

The  Brown  Swiss  Breed  of  Cattle.  ’  866 

Joul  in  Foot .  866 

Chorea  .  oRR 

Milk  . '/  ’  ■ .  gg^ 

Figures  from  a  Butter  Factory.’.'.’.’!.’!  81;  7 
Cattle  With  Depraved  Taste....  sc, 7 

Abnormal  Milk  . !  007 

Sorehead  in  Chicks . !! .  #q# 

YVa tor-glass  Eggs  . !  !  !  !  !>  <:s 

YY  ork  of  White  Leghorns . .  868 

White  Diarrhoea  Germs  .  .  su.x 

YY’hon  Will  Pullets  Lay? . .  go's 

Indian  Runner  Ducks  and  Hens .  urc 

Limberneek  Again  .  '  '  #qq 

Express  Company  and  Baby  Chicks!  !  '  '  80S 

A  Friend  Indeed  .  ^69 

Ration  for  Milch  Cow . #69 

Comparison  of. Grain  Values.  ..!!!!! !  869 
HORTICULTURE. 

The  Tree  Agent’s  Side .  sr,5 

Boxes  for  Eastern  Apples .  '  857 

The  Curse  of  YVhite  Grubs .  857 

Pasture  Field  and  Next  Y'ear’s  Garden  857 

A  Case  of  Raspberry  Rust .  858 

(  onnecticut  Fruit  Growers .  858 

Prunes  in  Michigan .  861 

Insect  Attacking  Dahlias . 861 

Various  Fruit  Questions .  sq-i 

Chestnut  Tree  Blight . 861 

Cover  Crop  for  Garden .  $61 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day .  8q4 

Business  Management  at  Home.  .  .!’.’’  864 

Driving  Away  Ants .  ofl4 

Lentil  Soup . !  !  '  '  se  t 

Scrap  Books  . !.!!!!! .  oes 

The  Rural  Patterns . !!!!!!!  865 

Fruit  Desserts  . !!!!!!  865 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Editorials  .  o™ 

Other  People's  Money.....  .  voq 

Events  of  the  Week . 863 

The  “Recall”  in  the  Arizona  Cons'tit  1 

Publisher's  Desk . ’.!.!!!!!!!!!!!  870 

Boston  Produce  Go! 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St„  ■  Boston. 

JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JJ\Y  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY. 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto. _ Established  1855 

pi. MASK  semi  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com- 
»  mission  House  in  New  York.  Kst.  1838.  Butter 
Lags.  1  o m try.  Pork,  Calves.  Hay.  Grain,  leans' 
Apples,  etc.  i:.  it.  wooimAitp,  S112  Ci«hWi«i,  si .  \  y 


JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  COMPANY, 

Commission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York 
Poultry,  hggs,  Meats,  Produce.  Shipments  Solicited. 


Highest  prices,  guaranteed  for  YVhite  or  Brown 

w,?H®* l'nA°r  ,nix,'<l  Also  high  grade  butter. 

YY  ute  , us  for  information.  A  trial  will  convince  you 
of  our  ability  to  obtain  extreme  prices.  Address 

n  JOHNSTONE  Ct  COUGHLAN, 
i?2  P»ane  Street,  ;  ;  New  York 

STALLION  FOR  SALE  OR  TRADE, 

s[a]non0rha,-frnSt,'C  as!f  “r°^lst<>r  automobile.”  This 

bv  Dr  Edward  «Ut,k  0fr2’.°'?lis  Pronounced  sound 
by  Dr.  Edward  Moore  of  Albany.  N.  Y.  is  guaran- 

S  an  r  gentle  i  11  all  harness,  and 

has  never  hurt  a  fly.  Particulars  by  letter. 

R.  B.  ANDERSON, 

Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford,  Conn. 

FflR  ^Al  F~ Best  six  Mares  In  Reaver  Co ,  Pa. 
*.  '■  y**L-L  Imported — registered  Two  Bel¬ 
gians,  four  Percherons.  C.F.  Mount,  Koppel,  Pa. 


FflR  <vAI  p— Two  registered  Guernsey  Bulls, 
1  ~M.  two  months  old.  Of  good  breeding 

and  trom  good  producers.  Price  $30  ami  $40  it’ 
taken  at  once.  Address  Box  127,  Bedford  Hills,  N.Y. 

HELP  WANTED~Farme'  ’  !iavire  2  s™™ 

,  7  sons  or  brothers.  Must 

understand  care  of  young  fruit  trees,  berries,  breed¬ 
ing  hogs,  and  truck.  Free  house,  garden,  milk  and 
pork.  Rapid  increase  in  wages.  Give  full  particu- 
ivvry1?  i  d references  in  first  letter. 

KNOLL  10P  !■  ARM,  Merchantvxlle,  N-  J 


FARMER  WANTED 


dustrious  man. 


— Must  be  a  good 
milker  and  efficient 

with  horses.  Steady 
'  work  for  honest,  iu- 

1 .  O.  Box  314,  Pawtucket,  R.  I. 


WANTFD~FARM  HAND  experienced  with 

,  ,  ‘  registered  stock.  Must  be  really 

capable,  familiar  with  milking,  teaming.  Refer¬ 
ence  required  from  employer  of  five  years’  stand¬ 
ing;  prefer  man  without  city  experience.  Wages 
liOmontliaml  borird.  LINCOLN  AGRICUL¬ 
TURAL  SCHOOL,  Lincoln  dale,  N.  Y. 

HIGHLAND  FARM0ffers  some  choice 

rfUYIYl  Shropshires— yearlings 
and  lambs  of  either  sex.  Bred  for  type  and 
quality.  W.  F.  BLACK,  Hall,  N.  Y'. 


TUNIS  RAMS 


One  and  Two 
Years  Old. 

Jesse  II.  Alley,  La  Grangeville,  N.  Y. 


. 


872 


THE  RURAU  NEW-YORKER 


August  2G,  1011. 


The  WINDMILL 


light,  heat  and  power  for  the  remnaj 
and  the  end  (where  we  now  are)  it: 
cost  than  any  other  machine.  V 
winch  it  is  fitted  to  do,  than  any  c 

The  wind  blows  everywhere  „  ‘ 


was  the  first  device  made  by  man  for  producing  power.  It 
will  be  the  last  hope  of  the  human  race.  When  all  other 
natural  resources  have  been  exhausted  the  windmill  will 
still  remain,  and  will  probably  furnish 
^.he  human  race.  In  the  interim,  between  the  beginning 
<?es  a  greater  return  to  the  people  in  proportion  to  its 
-s  more  cheaply,  and  with  less  attention,  the  thing 


c  power. 

h  is  free.  With  a  windmill,  the  expense 
for  oil  and  repairs  is  the  only  o,£^and  that  is  trifling.  An  engine  requires 
much  more  in  the  way  of  oil  and  airs,  and  fuel  —  which  is  the  great  expense 
—  has  to  be  added. 

The  windmill  does  not  require  an  experienced  man  to  operate  it.  It  is  so  simple 
that  anyone  can  understand  its  workings.  >  .... 

A  well-made  windmill  is  a  durable  machine.  The  driving  shaft  of  a  windmill  runs 
only  about  one-fifth  as  fast  as  the  crank  shaft  of  an  engine  of  the  same  power.  A  good 
windmill  will  outlast  several  engines  doing  the  same  amount  of  work. 

The  best  farmers,  everywhere,  use  windmills  generally  for  pumping  water.  In  every  | 
progressive  farming  community  the  windmill  is  the  most  conspicuous  object.  It  towers  above  most 
groups  of  farm  buildings. 

All  the  world  knows  that  the  Aermotor  Company  made  the  first  steel  windmills 
and  steel  towers,  and  made  the  steel  windmill  and  steel  tower  business.  It  is  believed  that, 
since  the  business  was  fairly  established,  it  has  made,  and  continues  to  make,  more  than  half 
the  world’s  supply  of  windmills.  In  the  Aermotor  the  plan  of  back-gearing  was  first  introduced 
into  windmill  construction.  By  this  means  the  power  of  the  swiftly  running  wheel  is  utilized 
without  operating  the  pump  too  fast. 

The  peculiar  form  of  Aermotor  wheel,  which  gives  it  great  power,  also  enables 
it  to  run  in  the  lightest  breeze.  No  windmill  has  yet  been  made  which  equals  the  Aermotor  in 
its  light-running  qualities.  The  form  of  the  wheel  is  exactly  right. 

Simplicity  is  another  of  the  important  features  of  the  Aermotor.  There  are  no  complicated  parts  to  get  out  of  order.  There  are  no  devices  requiring 
skillful  adjustment.  Every  part  is  solid,  substantial  and  durable. 

The  main  bearings  of  the  Aermotor  have  large  dust-proof  oil  pockets  which  afford  the  best  possible  means  of  lubrication.  The  other  bearings  have 
automatic  oil  cups. 

The  Aermotor  has  thoroughly  demonstrated  its  staying  qualities.  In  almost  any  community  Aermotors  can  be  found 
which  have  been  doing  duty  for  fifteen,  eighteen  or  twenty  years.  And  these  old  Aermotors  were  made  before  the  days  of  the  heavy  gears  and  the 
shaft-carrying  arms  which  are  easily  turned  in  their  sockets  so  as  to  give  new  and  perfect  bearings  for  the  shafts  in  case  they  have  become  worn  through 
overloading  or  neglect.  The  present  Aermotors  are  sure  to  be  more  durable  and  serviceable  than  the  earlier  ones. 

The  galvanizing  of  Aermotor  outfits  has  had  much  to  do  with  their  popularity.  Aermotor  galvanizing  is  real 
galvanizing.  It  is  the  best  that  can  be  done  and  will  last  a  lifetime.  Aermotors  which  were 

galvanized  twenty  years  ago  are  as'good  as  ever.  e  StlM 

The  Aermotor  Company  has  been  building  for  the  ages.  It  has  always  been  working  Smiling 

toward  the  building  up  of  a  great  and  permanent  business.  It  has  succeeded  so  well  that  Aermotors  are  as  well 
known  in  South  America  and  South  Africa  as  in  the  United  States.  Dealers  in  Aermotor  goods  are  found  every-  ,  v| . 
where.  When  you  want  anything  in  the  Aermotor  line  you  can  get  it  and  get  it  quickly. 

AERMOTOR  PRICES  AND  POLICIES 

When  the  Aermotor  Company  commenced  the  manufacture  of  the  windmill,  it  reduced  the 
cost  of  wind  power  to  one-sixth  of  what  it  had  been.  It  advertised  its  prices.  It  made  the  best 
thing  that  could  be  made  and  at  the  lowest  price  at  which  it  could  be  made.  It  uses  no  traveling 
men.  It  made  so  good  an  article  that  one-half  the  world’s  business  came  to  it  and  stayed  with  it. 

It  is  doing  the  same  thing  with  the  gasoline  engine.  Where  one  goes  others  follow,  and  we  are 
turning  them  out  in  great  quantities,  to  the  delight  of  Aermotor  friends  everywhere.  We  could  send  smart  traveling  salesmen  to  see  you  and 
persuade  you  to  pay  $25  or  $50  more  for  a  windmill  or  an  engine,  and  it  would  be  worth  it — not  to  you,  but  to  us.  But  there  are  plenty  of 
reading  and  thinking  men  who  prefer  to  save  their  own  time  and  money  and  deal  in  the  Aermotor  way. 


The 
Aermotor 
has  been 
smiling  at 
the  breezes 
for  23 
years 


AERMOTOR  GASOLINE  ENGINES 


Wherever 

some  places  where 
supply  their  own 


AERMOTOR  PTFFT.  PULLEYS 


Diameter  of 
Pulley, 
Inches. 

Width 
of  Face. 
Inches. 

PRICES. 

For  Fnginc 

For  Line  Shaft 

6 

7 

.75 

.95 

8 

9 

.85 

1.05 

10 

9 

.95 

1  20 

12 

9 

1.10 

1,40 

11 

9 

1.25 

1  GO 

1C 

9 

1.45 

1  80 

18 

n 

1.65 

2  10 

20 

7 

1  90 

2.40 

22 

7 

2.15 

2.70 

24 

7 

2  40 

300 

a  windmill  is  suitable  for  the  work,  an  Aermotor  furnishes  the  cheapest  and  most  satisfactory  power  for  pumping.  But  there  are 
good  wind  exposure  cannot  be  had.  There  are  other  places  where  power  is  wanted  only  temporarily.  Sometimes  tenants  are  obliged  to 
power  for  operating,  the  pump  and  do  not  wish  to  put  up  a  windmill  which  they  will  have  to  leave  behind  them  when  they  move.  To  supply 
the  demand  for  a  pumping  power  for  such  cases  the  Aermotor  Company  makes  a  gasoline  engine  which  can  be  attached  to  “  any  old 
pump”  in  thirty  minutes.  It  is  sold  complete  and  ready  to  connect  to  the  pump  for  $37.50,  F.  O.  B.  Chicago. 

For  ranch  purposes,  or  for  handling  large  quantities  of  water,  a  heavy,  back-geared  pumping  engine  is  supplied 
for  $100.00,  all  complete,  ready  to  receive  the  well  fittings,  which  can  be  set  up  in  working  order  within  an  hour  after  it  is 
received.  It  is  capable  of  raising  sixty  barrels  of  water  an  hour  to  an  elevation  of  one  hundred  feet. 

For  running  machinery,  the  Aermotor  Company  makes  a  line  of  General  Purpose  Power  Engines.  The  2  H.  P. 
Hopper  Cooled  Engine  sells  for  $75.00,  4-  H.  P.,  $125.00.  All  prices  are  F.  O.  B.  Chicago. 

These  engines  are  fitted  with  the  Aermotor  galvanized  steel  pulleys.  Who  ever  heard  of  a  galvanized 
steel  pulley?  No  one.  Nor  did  anyone  ever  hear  of  a  galvanized  steel  windmill,  or  steel  tower,  until  the  Aermotor  Company  pro¬ 
duced  them.  These  galvanized  pulleys  are  sure  to  revolutionize  the  pulley  business.  They  are  light,  strong,  cannot  be  broken,  and 
are  wonderfully  cheap.  A  complete  set  of  seven  pulleys  for  a  2  H.  P.  engine  is  sold  for  only  $8.00.  A  set  of  seven  pul¬ 
leys  for  the  4  H.  P.  engine  sells  for  $11.90.  We  always  furnish  one  pulley  free  with 
each  power  engine ;  but  to  anyone  thinking  of  buying  an  engine,  who  writes  us  within  one 
week  from  the  appearance  of  ihis  advertisement,  stating  in  what  paper  he  saw  it,  we  will 
furnish  free,  ivith  each  2  H.  P.  engine  or  larger,  $5.00  worth  of  pulleys  of  any  size  which 
you  may  select  for  either  engine  or  line  shaft,  provided  the  order  is  sent  in  before  January 
1st,  1912.  Pulleys  for  the  line  shaft  —  being  used  where  they  are  protected  from  the 
weather  —  are  not  galvanized. 

MAGNETO  FREE 


All  Aermotor  Power  Engines  are  fitted  with  a  magneto 
free.  Batteries  are  not  used  with  these  engines.  You  have  no 
ignition  troubles  when  you  buy  Aermotor  Gasoline  Engines  fitted 
with  the  Aermotor  magneto.  We  don’t  believe  that  anyone 
who  once  sees  an  Aermotor  Engine  run  with  magneto  will  take 
any  other  engine  as  a  gift.  For  full  particulars  write 


7  2  40  3.00  »  B 

"  these  prices  wUh  those  you  have  to  pa,  ^©1^1110101^  UOmpBOy  261  6  W.  1  2th  St  fOOt  Q  ||  |  ^  ||  ^  Q 


NEW  YORK,  SEPTEMBER  2,  1911 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR 


“FAIRY  TALES”  ABOUT  HENS. 

Cutting  Down  the  Wants. 

I  have  read  with  some  care  the  article  by  “Mapes  the 
Hen  Man”  page  601,  on  his  four  months'  house,  and  the 
fairy  tale  of  profit  for  four  hours’  work.  There  is  one 
thing  I  would  very  much  like  to  know,,  exactly  what  does 
his  “mixed  grains”  that  he  scatters  in  the  litter  every 
*  morning  and  the  “dry 
mash”  consist  of,  and  the 
proportions  of  each  com¬ 
ponent  part?  F.  G. 

Suffern,  N.  Y. 

For  the  past  year  or 
more  I  have  used  a 
grain  mixture  consist¬ 
ing  of  two  parts  cracked 
corn,  one  part  oats,  and 
one  part  wheat,  using 
scorched  wheat  when¬ 
ever  I  can  get  it  of  good 
quality,  as  it  conies  so 
much  cheaper.  The  “dry 
mash”  is  made  by  mix¬ 
ing  200  pounds  meat 
scrap  (high  grade),  200 
pounds  Alfalfa  meal,  200 
pounds  wheat  bran,  200 
pounds  wheat  middlings 
(best),  100  pounds  glu¬ 
ten,  100  pounds  corn- 
meal.  This  is  not  a 
cheap  mixture,  but  it 
seems  to  bring  good  re¬ 
sults.  The  wheat  mid¬ 
dlings  is  of  a  grade  that 
is  sometimes  called  “red 
dog,”  I  think.  The  only 
skill  required  with  this 
plan  of  feeding  is  to 
regulate  the  amount  of 
mixed  grain  thrown  out 
each  morning  so  that 
they  will  eat  enough  of 
the  dry  mash  to  make  a 
proper  balance  of  the 
ration  for  the  day.  About 
two  parts  by  weight  of 
mixed  grain  to  one  part 
of  the  dry  mash  is  the 
best  “directions”  I  can 
give.  Two  ounces  per 
hen  is  about  the  average 
for  Leghorns,  of  the 
mixed  grains,  with  the 
dry  mash  all  they  care 
to  eat. 

If  any  of  my  readers 
have  not  read  the  re¬ 
marks  of  Mr.  Clement 
on  page  729,  and  Mr. 

Dougan  on  page  809, 
they  would  better  stop 
and  do  so  before  pro¬ 
ceeding  with  this.  Pos¬ 
sibly  a  flock  that  is  only 
given  grain  once  a  day 
will  not  lay  quite  as 
many  eggs  as  one  that  is  pampered  by  constant  at¬ 
tendance,  but  if  we  have  got  to  give  two  dollars’ 
worth  of  time  in  order  to  get  one  dollar’s  worth  of 
extra  eggs,  where  is  the  use?  Most  of  us  start  out 
with  our  two  hands  as  our  principal  asset,  and  we 
make  a  fatal  mistake  when  we  try  to  figure  the  cost 
of  a  crop  if  we  fail  to  put  a  cash  value  on  our  own 


time.  For  this  reason  the  “Hen  Contest”  to  which 
The  R.  N.-Y.  is  devoting  so  much  attention  has  but 
little  value  from  a  practical  standpoint.  Unless  we 
know  how  much  time  Mr.  Dougan  devotes  to  his  10 
hens  and  the  chicks,  as  well  as  the  interest  on  the 
value  of  plant,  etc.,  with  an  allowance  for  deprecia¬ 
tion  in  buildings,  etc.,  how  can  we  tell  how  much 


profit  there  is  in  his  operations?  It  is  profit  that 
counts. 

It  is  all  right  for  Mr.  Clement  to  stand  and  admire 
his  nice  flock,  provided  he  charges  up  the  time  spent 
to  “recreation.”  I  cannot  “stop  to  watch  mine  eat 
the  grain  which  I  throw  out  to  them  by  the  pailful, 
with  my  egg  basket  on  my  arm,”  for  the  reason  that 


they  have  it  all  eaten  up  before  egg  gathering  time. 
If  it  were  not  I  should  certainly  expect  to  see  their 
egg  yield  drop.  As  for  stopping  to  examine  the 
perches  for  lice  or  mites,  that  would  be  a  waste  of 
time  which  I  should  hardly  like  to  charge  up  to  my 
“recreation”  account.  I  paint  my  perches  early  each 
Spring  with  melted  hen-lice  wax,  and  then  dismiss 

the  subject  from  my 
mind  for  a  year.  It  fills 
the  pores  of  the  wood, 
and  acts  as  a  preventive. 
The  average  farmer 
simply  will  not  begin  to 
fight  lice  until  the  advent 
of  hot  weather,  when 
the  lice  get  very  thick. 
If  I  should  wait  until 
then  to  apply  the  wax  I 
doubt  if  it  would  be  ef¬ 
fective.  I  have  never 
used  carbolineum,  which 
is  also  said  to  need  only 
one  application  a  year, 
but  I  visited  a  farm  at 
Morristown,  N.  J.,  in  the 
month  of  October  where 
it  is  used.  My  friend 
keeps  several  thousand 
birds,  and  I  examined 
his  perches  carefully  for 
mites,  finding  little  evi¬ 
dence  of  their  presence, 
and  that  only  where  the 
carbolineum  had  evident¬ 
ly  been  poorly  applied.  I 
did  take  the  time  yester¬ 
day,  August  11,  to  exam¬ 
ine  the  perches  in  every 
one  of  my  25  poultry 
houses,  and  failed  to  find 
a  single  mite,  or  any  evi¬ 
dence  of  their  presence. 
As  I  have  done  nothing 
for  three  years  to  pre¬ 
vent  mites  but  paint  the 
perches  once  a  year 
with  melted  wax,  it 
looks  as  though  the  mite 
nuisance  is  done  away 
with  for  good.  Better 
put  the  sign  “no  lice  al¬ 
lowed”  on  the  perches 
than  on  the  “line  fence.” 
Mites  always  start 
where  the  birds  spend 
the  night.  Therefore 
build  all  poultry  house 
fixtures  except  the 
perches  with  sloping  cov¬ 
ers.  This  will  insure 
their  taking  to  the 
perches  when  night 
comes  instead  of  roost¬ 
ing  elsewhere. 

Mr.  Dougan  can  get 
the  '  “knack”  of  picking 
up  four  eggs  at  a  time  if  he  will  practice  a  little  and 
keep  larger  flocks,  so  there  will  be  four  eggs  or 
more  in  a  nest.  Let  him  try  this  plan :  First,  take 
three  eggs  in  a  row  across  the  palm  of  the  hand, 
grasping  them  with  thumb  and  fingers.  Now  open 
the  middle  finger  and  grasp  the  fourth  egg  between 
the  middle  finger  and  the  index  finger.  With  a  little 


THE  LIGHT  BRAHMA  IS  THE  CHAMPION  HEAVYWEIGHT.  Fig.  344. 


A  FARM  FLOCK  OF  PLYMOUTH  ROCK  FOWLS.  Fig.  345 


874 

practice  it  is  easier  than  “rolling  over  in  bed,”  espe¬ 
cially  at  4  A.  M.  Mr.  Dougan  says  that  no  man’s 
hens  are  cared  for  who  does  not  clean  out  the  drop¬ 
pings  oftener  than  once  a  week.  I  own  up.  Mine 
are  not  cleaned  out  as  often  as  that.  If  they  get  it 
once  a  month  they  are  sometimes  lucky.  Yet  they 
are  laying  as  well  as  his,  and  the  eggs  hatch  better. 
I  go  on  the  assumption  that  when  the  droppings  dry 
daily  so- that  there  is  no  fermentation  they  are  not  harm¬ 
ful.  The  same  is  true  in  Winter,  when  the  droppings 
freeze  to  the  table  each  night.  Warm  days  in  Winter 
and  Spring  are  the  time  to  be  on  your  guard  against 
fermentation. 

I  still  insist  that  five  minutes  a  day  is  ample  time 
to  take  care  of  200  hens,  or  50  minutes  a  day  for 
2,000,  if  you  please,  with  the  proper  outfit,  and  that 
the  droppings  amply  pay  for  all  the  time  “my  man” 
devotes  to  his  share  of  the  harder  labor.  Does  not 
the  essence  of  good  business  consist  in  having  the 
bulk  of  the  labor  performed  by  hired  laborers  and 
still  have  a  balance  left  for  the  one  who  directs 
operations?  Mr.  Clements  asks:  “In  what  shape 
would  a  flock  of  hens  be  at  the  end  of  a  year  if  they 
had  only  the  prescribed  five  minutes  a  day,  even 
with  labor-saving  devices?”  Let  him  look  at  Fig. 
203,  page  607.  These  hens  have  now  been  kept  a 
year  in  this  way,  and  are  now  in  even  better  shape 
than  when  the  camera  was  used.  o.  w.  mapes. 

“FARM  POULTRY.” 

At  Fig.  345  is  shown  a  good  group  of  old-fash¬ 
ioned  Barred  Rocks.  Time  was  when  a  ride  through 
any  Eastern  farming  section  was  sure  to  bring  in  view 
flocks  of  these  speckled  beauties.  They  were  every¬ 
where — the  popular  farmer’s  fowl.  Now  the  speckled 
color  has  largely  disappeared.  The  pure  whites  drove 
the  barred  fowls  away  and  the  R.  I.  Reds  are  coming 
more  and  more  to  displace  the  whites.  Some  patriot 
will  no  doubt  soon  revive  the  old  Jersey  Blue  fowl 
and  make  his  henyard  represent  the  American  flag. 
It  seems  like  old  times  to  see  a  yardful  of  the  'barred 
birds.  When  well  bred  they  can  still  hold  their  own. 


BRAHMA  HENS  IN  HARNESS. 

This  picture  will  show  you  the  kind  of  chickens  we  raise 
in  Texas.  Note  the  comparative  size  of  the  team  and  the 
driver,  Joshua  Bonham,  and  Feet,  the  rooster. 

That  is  what  L.  O.  Bonham  of  Johnson  Co.,  Texas, 
wrote  when  he  sent  the  picture  shown  at  Fig.  344. 
The  bird  is  nearly  as  large  as  the  baby.  Many 
farmers  shake  their  heads  at  Light  Brahmas  because 
they  think  such  great  fowls  eat  too  much  for  what 
they  give  back.  We  asked  Mr.  Bonham  to  tell  us 
why  he  thinks  the  Brahmas  are  best,  and  this  is  his 
answer :  v 

How  many  study  the  surrounding  conditions  when  se¬ 
lecting  a  breed  of  chickens?  We  have  been  growing  the 
Light  Brahmas  for  the  past  11  years,  and  this  is  the  rea¬ 
son  why.  Our  chickens  have  the  range  of  the  orchard, 
berry  patch,  garden  and  vineyard,  and  to  control  them  it  is 
only  necessary  to  have  a  portable  two-foot  wire  net  fence, 
to  move  from  place  to  place  as  necessary,  and  while  they 
are  good  hustlers  they  are  not  wild  rangers.  Some  say 
they  are  too  large,  but  when  we  go  to  market  and  one 
of  them  will  bring  as  much  as  two  of  many  other  breeds 
they  cannot  object  to  that.  If  you  put  the  eggs  on  the 
scales  you  will  find  that  they  laid  as  many  pounds  of 
eggs  as  the  best,  and  they  do  most  of  their  laying  in  the 
Winter  and  Spring  when  eggs  are  a  good  price.  They  are 
the  hardiest  chickens  we  have  ever  had,  they  are  just  as 
fine  at  the  table  as  any.  They  are  the  first  friers  at  the 
market  in  the  Spring;  that  is  if  you  have  an  incubator 
or  some  other  hen  to  do  the  hatching,  as  they  will  not 
set  until  late  in  the  Spring,  but  will  continue  laying,  and 
after  all  when  you  go  to  the  show  you  will  hear  more 
comments  of  the  Brahmas  than  any  other  breed  ;  that  is, 
from  people  that  are  not  interested  in  special  breeds. 

_  L.  O.  BONHAM. 

A  Hay  Hoist. — The  hayfork  or  hay  sling  has  taken 
much  of  the  terror  out  of  haybarn  life  in  July,  but 
the  power  for  hauling  the  forkful  from  the  load  still 
troubles  some  farmers.  Most  of  them  still  use  a 
horse  or  team  for  pulling  the  rope,  but  this  is  slow 
work,  and  the  extra  horse  is  not  always  available. 
In  some  cases  the  gasoline  engine  has  been  brought 
into  use.  This  runs  a  wheel  or  drum,  and  lifts  the 
load  by  winding  up  the  rope.  When  under  full  and 
quick  control  this  answers  well,  and  proves  a  great 
help.  The  gasoline  engine  is  one  of  the  model  hired 
men,  for  you  can  crowd  all  sorts  of  work  upon  it  so 
long  as  the  attachments  fit.  A  homemade  hay  hoist  is 
shown  at  Fig . ,  and  described  as  follows 

I  scud  a  photograph  of  a  hay  hoist  made  from  an  old 
binder  frame  and  gear,  which  works  very  successfully,  hav¬ 
ing  used  it  the  present  season  on  my  farm,  also  for  a 
neighbor  with  a  3%  horse  power  gasoline  engine.  The 
lover  in  front  throws  it  in  and  out  of  gear,  and  can  be 
arranged  to  operate  from  the  load.  The  hub  of  binder 
wheel  is  used  as  a  spool,  and  holds  about  200  feet  of  horse- 
fork  rope,  about  all  two  horses  could  pull.  j.  k.  r. 

Cairo,  N.  Y.  _ 

Who  can  give  a  reason  for  the  white  star  on  the  fore¬ 
head  of  so  many  dark-colored  horses?  What  is  it  inher¬ 
ited  from? 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

GREAT  USE  OF  GASOLINE  ENGINES. 

We  own  three  gasoline  engines  on  our  farm,  one 
eight  horse  power,  one  four,  and  one  three.  The 
eight  horse-power  we  use  to  run  a  four-roll  corn 
shredder,  and  run  a  14-inch  French  burr  feed  grinder, 
and  pump  water  from  two  wells,  one  180  feet  deep, 
the  other  150  feet  deep,  and  also  run  a  22-inch  buzz 
saw  to  saw  stove  wood.  This  engine  has  been  in  use 
for  six  years  and  is  as  good  as  new,  giving  splendid 
satisfaction.  We  can  do  our  corn  shredding  at  any 
time  when  we  see  fit,  as  we  can  do  it  cheaper,  with 
less  hands,  and  have  it  in  better  shape  than  when 
shredding  with  a  big  machine,  for  it  is  a  portable 
engine  on  trucks,  which  we  can  move  anywhere  on 
the  farm.  We  move  around  from  one  barn  to  an¬ 
other,  thereby  putting  the  fodder  in  less  quantity,  and 
curing  it  better  than  if  we  hired  a  large  machine  to 
do  the  work.  We  have  a  building  that  we  put  our 
engine  in,  where  we  hitch  to  our  feed  grinder,  wood 
saw  and  pumps.  The  four  horse-power  engine  we 
use  to  run  an  electric  light  plant,  which  we  have  on 
the  farm,  about  76  lights  in  all,  barns  and  dwelfing 
house.  We  have  this  engine  located  in  a  building 
by  itself,  and  dynamo  storage  batteries.  We  can 
attach  this  engine  to  a  pressure  tank  as  soon  as  we 
get  the  tank  installed  for  fire  protection.  This  en¬ 
gine  we  have  been  using  for  about  two  years,  and  is 
giving  splendid  satisfaction.  It  cost  us  about  one 
gallon  of  gasoline  per  day  to  keep  our  lights  in 
operation,  that  is  Winter  and  Summer,  a  very  cheap 
light  we  think,  and  perfectly  safe  in  all  respects.  The 
other  engine  is  the  three  horse-power  attached  to  a 
hoisting  drum  which  we  unload  hay  with.  We  can 
unload  twice  as  fast  as  with  horses.  We  have  not 
put  this  engine  to  very  much  work,  for  last  year  was 


HOME-MADE  HAY  HOIST.  Fig.  346 


our  first  work  with  it.  We  intend  to  run  a  cream 
separator  and  pressure  tanks  in  dwelling  house  this 
season,  and  also  washing  machine  when  we  finish 
haying.  As  for  farm  power,  there  is  nothing  to 
equal  the  gasoline  engine;  it  is  always  ready  to  go. 
This  electric  light  engine  we  have  is  made  purposely 
for  the  business;  it  runs  so  steadily  you  cannot  see 
a  flicker  in  the  lights,  and  we  can  use  the  engine  for 
other  work  if  we  choose.  JOS.  kemp. 

Lafayette  Co.,  Wis. 


PEACHES  vs.  GRAIN  AND  HAY. 

That  there  is  profit  in  fruit  growing  no  one  doubts. 
It  has  always  seemed  to  me  that  it  depended  upon 
the  combination  of  right  location,  favorable  market 
and  the  person  back  of  the  work  (in  many  cases). 
We  have  raised  peaches  for  over  20  years,  but  I 
know  some  of  the  orchards,  or  at  least  part  of  them, 
have  never  given  any  profit,  either  in  themselves  or 
compared  with  grain.  Fruit  growing  takes  a  great 
deal  of  perseverance  and  careful,  hard  work.  Many 
persons  start  out  well,  but  few  come  in  on  the  finish¬ 
ing  stretch  as  winners  of  profit,  owing  to  careless¬ 
ness,  frost,  moving  and  other  things.  Careless  or 
poor  cultivation  is  one  of  the  great  causes  of  failure. 
Next — if  not  first — the  peach  borer,  or  grub,  ruins 
more  orchards  in  this  section  than  any  other  one 
cause,  especially  in  making  a  short  lived  tree.  But 
lest  I  digress  too  far  from  my  original  intention  I 
will  give  a  few  facts  and  comparisons  of  an  orchard 
we  have  on  our  present  place. 

When  we  came  here  in  1905  there  was  a  young 
three-year-old  peach  orchard  of  about  5J/2  acres. 
Originally  there  must  have  been  600  to  700  trees.  Now 
there  are  500  left.  Three  sides  hurt  by  large  trees, 
two  windstorms,  and  damage  done  by  grubs  have 
greatly  lessened  the  number  that  a  fair  open  field 
would  retain.  These  facts  make  the  figures  given 
show  only  a  fair  average.  This  orchard  is  favorably 
located  as  to  protection,  by  the  woods  on  the  north, 


September  2, 

and  hill  also.  But  the  trees  hurt  the  production.  I 
give  a  few  figures  which  show  the  approximate  re¬ 
turns  from  this  orchard,  also  an  estimated  table  of 
the  grain  returns  for  the  same  field  as  a  matter  of 
comparison.  They  speak  for  themselves.  The  few 
amounts  estimated — by  averaging — would  not  change 
the  totals  very  much.  Part  of  the  peaches  were  sold 
at  retail. 

Not  everything  is  taken  into  consideration  as  re¬ 
turns  or  expenses.  But  I  think  the  remainder  would 
about  balance.  If  I  knew  the  average  cost  of  raising 
a  bushel  of  grain  or  ton  of  hay  it  could  be  figured 
closer.  The  cost  of  planting  the  orchard  and  final 
clearing  up  is  omitted.  I  considered  the  first  two 
grain  crops  and  the  rest  of  the  peaches  would  about 
balance  these.  There  will  be  a  fair  crop  on  it  this 
year  and  had  the  grubs  been  kept  out  it  would  have 
been  good  for  as  much  more  profit  as  it  has  given : 

Results  of  5’2  Acres  in  Peaches. 


Year 

Rece 
Bas¬ 
kets, 
hi  bu. 

IPTS. 

Av'ge 

Price 

bskt. 

Gross 

Re¬ 

turns 

Spraying 
Mate-  m.  „ 
rial  Time 

Expenses. 

Gathering,  etc. 

1905 

100 

$  .70 

$  70 

1  1 

Baskets.  .5, 218®312  cts 

—$182.73 

1  bill,  oil* 

Picking. .  .5,218®  4  cts 

—  208.72 

1906 

126 

.96 

120 

$'5.00  $7.50* 

Carting... 5, 218®  10  cts 

—  521.10 

1907 

*808 

.73* 

590 

15.00  7.50* 

Fertilizer, 1909— 1  ton  bone, 

1908 

1803 

.55 

991 

13.50  7.50* 

1  ton  Kainit,  40.00 

Not  all 

1910 — 1  ton  bone, 

sprayed 

1  ton  Kainit,  40.00 

1909 

1311 

.75 

988, 

7  00  4.50 

1910 

1070 

.69* 

725 

36.50  Hired 

$092.53 

done 

Gross  returns.. .$3,407 

104.00 

by  gal. 

Gross  expenses..  1,096 

$1,096 

Total 

5218 

.668 

$3,487 

$104.00 

Net  returns . $2,391 

♦Estimated. 

Estimated  Average  Returns  of  Same  5*2  Acres  for  Same 


Time  in  Grain. 


Year 

Crop 

Average 

Average 

Total 

R’t’rns 

Estimated  Cost  of  Cm  ting. 

Yield 

Price 

Husking  and  Threshing. 

1905 

Corn 

100  bu. 
ears 

80c.  cwt. 
ears 

$298.00 

$30.00.  Cutting  and  Husking 

1906( 

Oats 

25  bu. 

35c.  bn. 

47.60 

J  5.44,  Threshing  ®  4c. 

1  4.00,  Cutting. 

1907 

Wheat 

17  (*?) 

90c.  bu. 

83.70 

j  6.88,  Cutting  ®  1.25  acre. 

1  10.00,  Threshing. 

1908 

Grass 

1  ton  hay 
per  acre 

$17  ton 

93,00 

j  25.00,  est..  cost  on  wagon 
(  and  carting  later. 

1909 

Grass 

1  ton  hay 
per  acre 

$17  ton 

93.00 

25.00 

Gross  returns, $913 

1910 

Corn. 

100  bu. 
ears 

80c.  cwt. 

298-00 

30.00 

Part  1  expen’s  136 

$913.30 

$136.32 

Net  returns. ..$777 

When  we  started  with  _this  orchard  it  was  in 
bad  shape  from  neglect  in  cultivation  and  trimming 
and  severe  effect  of  the  scale.  We  sprayed  for  the 
San  Jose  scale  with  crude  oil  and  water.  This  was 
done  in  the  late  Spring.  We  did  no  Fall  spraying. 
The  first  year  we  used  20  per  cent  oil.  Afterwards 
we  used  as  low  as  10  per  cent  when  it  would  work 
low.  Usually  it  had  to  be  set  at  15  per  cent.  As  far 
as  damage  from  scale  went,  the  first  spraying  cleaned 
the  trees.  It  was  present  in  some  places  for  several 
years.  The  oil  never  hurt  the  trees  any.  There 
being  no  scale  in  Spring  of  1910  and  1911  we  used 
lime-sulphur  for  a  fungicide  as  the  curl-leaf  was  ap¬ 
pearing.  It  was  hard  to  find  a  curled  leaf  this  Spring. 

The  land  being  stony  (or  gravelly)  and  naturally 
running  to  grass  quickly,  we  have  had  to  use  the 
plow  more  or  less,  but  as  shallow  as  possible.  We 
believe  in  almost  level,  shallow  cultivation  with  a 
harrow  or  cultivator.  We  widen  the  spring  harrow 
with  a  long  cross  bar  to  save  the  trees.  If  possible, 
we  cultivate  the  first  thing  in  the  Spring  before  the 
blossom  opens,  and  keep  the  top  thus  mulched  until 
in  July  or  sometimes  until  the  fruit  prevents  by 
spreading  the  limbs  too  much.  We  do  not  like  to 
work  in  the  orchard  when  it  is  in  L’ossom  nor  about 
10  days  later.  It  is  apt  to  drop  the  fruit. 

The  orchard  was  manured  lightly  several  times. 
The  henhouse  being  in  one  end  that  part  has  had 
considerable  hen  manure  around  the  trees,  because 
they  were  handy.  The  last  three  years  we  have  put 
three  to  four  pounds  each  of  kainit  and  bone  dust 
around  the  tree.  This  has  given  good  fruit. 

The  orchard  was  in  bad  condition  as  to  shape  of 
trees.  We  did  the  best  we  could  to  get  some  fair 
head.  Although  we  have  cut  back  the  tops  with  a 
trimmer,  some  of  the  trees  are  now  beyond  reach. 
We  believe  in  a  low  head,  but  not  too  low  to  cul¬ 
tivate  around.  In  our  young  orchard  we  have  cut 
back  the  leaders  every  year.  In  the  past  most  of 
our  trimming  has  been  done  in  the  Winter,  but  I  am 
convinced  it  hurts  the  trees  and  shortens  the  life  by 
starting  decay.  I  now  trim  in  May,  except  where 
Winter  trimming  is  needed  to  start  growth  on  old 
worn-out  trees.  w.  G. 

Chester,  N.  J.  _ 

The  officers  shall  serve  without  financial  remuneration, 
hut  to  cover  any  necessary  expenses  in  advertising,  etc., 
the  following  compensation  will  be  allowed  the  secretary. 
For  an  average  attendance  of  50  or  less,  the  secretary  will 
be  allowed  $1.50.  From  50  to  75  in  attendance,  $2.  From 
75  to  100,  $2.50.  From  100  to  150,  $3.  From  150  to  200, 
$3.50.  Over  200,  $4. 

This  taken  from  the  bulletin  of  the  West  Virginia 
farmers’  institute.  The  secretary  of  an  institute  often 
has.  a  thankless  task,  with  hard  work  and  usually 
not  even  a  “vote  of  thanks.”  A  live  man  can  often 
get  out  a  good  audience,  but  he  must  wrk  for  it, 
and  he  ought  to  be  paid.  We  would  like  to  know 
how  many  of  these  men  get  their  $4. 


1911. 

WHEN  TO  PICK  APPLES. 

Let  Them  Mature  on  Trees. 

With  ideal  conditions  of  growth  we  prefer  to  have 
the  fruit  remain  on  the  trees  nearly  as  long  as  it 
will  continue  to  grow,  as  it  gets  a  finish  in  appearance 
that  helps  wonderfully  in  selling  the  fruit,  and  also 
increases  in  size,  which  helps  in  filling  the  barrels. 
As  all  specimens  on  the  same  tree  do  not  mature 
at  the  same  time,  we  go  over  the  trees  when  they  are 
fairly  well  loaded,  and  pick  the  largest  and  ripest 
before  they  are  ready  to  fall.  By  so  doing  the  upper 
limbs,  when  they  are  relieved  of  part  of  their  loads, 
raise  up  some  and  allow  the  sun  to  get  in  to  the 
under  branches  and  small,  green  apples, 
and  they  grow  and  take  on  a  good  finish 
in  color,  and  become  good  stock,  when 
they  would  have  been  culls  and  worth 
little  if  picked  when  the  first  ones  were 
ready  to  pick.  Our  variety  is  mostly 
Rome  Beauty  and  they  do  not  all 
mature  at  the  same  time  as  well  as 
some  other  varieties,  so  we  must  pick 
that  way  to  have  as  many  good  apples 
and  as  few  culls  as  possible,  and  also 
to  save  as  near  all  of  them  as  we  can. 

If  we  were  to  pick  them  clean  at  one 
picking  it  would  take  quite  a  while 
longer  to  get  over  the  orchard  than  by 
gathering  the  best  only ;  then  we  can 
go  over  the  trees  again  and  lengthen 
the  season  of  picking,  or  gather  the 
fruit  with  fewer  men  than  when  we 
have  to  pick  all  at  once. 

Fruit  that  is  picked  when  mature 
keeps  better  than  that  picked  before  it 
is  fully  colored,  and  the  fruit  also  keeps 
better  on  the  trees  than  off,  unless  it 
is  placed  in  cold  storage  soon  after 
picking.  The  weather  is  usually  warm 
through  September  and  early  October, 
and  fruit  off  the  trees  in  a  warm  place 
ripens  fast,  and  decay  soon  follows  ripening.  By 
retarding  the  ripening  process  the  life  of  the  fruit, 
or  keeping  quality,  is  prolonged.  As  soon  as  fruit  is 
taken  off  the  tree  it  is  getting  ready  to  ripen  or  break 
down,  but  as  long  as  it  will  grow  it  does  not  ripen 
as  fast  as  when  off  the  tree,  except  it  has  been  placed 
in  cold  storage,  which  retards  the  ripening.  We  can’t* 
fix  a  date,  as  some  seasons  are  earlier  than  others. 
The  only  rule  to  my  mind  is  to  pick  as  late  as  we 
can  and  get  the  fruit  gathered  before  it  falls.  Some 
of  it  may  have  to  be  picked  rather  soon,  when  a  large 
crop  is  to  be  harvested  and  men  are  hard  to  get,  but 
usually  the  men  who  pick  rather  late  come  out  best, 
though  sometimes  a  storm  may  blow  off  quite  a  lot 
of  fruit.  Sometimes  an  early  market  brings  the  most 
money,  and  those  who  want  to  get  the  fruit  into 
consumption  at  once  may  hit  it  right.  When  the 
fruit  is  all  right  the  late  markets  may  be  best  when 


FAILURE  OF  TIIREE-PRONGED  TREE— 13  YEAPS. 

Fig.  347. 


it  has  been  well  kept.  One  must  use  judgment  and 
do  the  best  under  his  conditions.  Study  the  circum¬ 
stances.  u.  t.  cox. 

Ohio. 


Some  men  seem  to  think  tacks  will  take  the  place  of 
tact. 

One  beauty  of  rye  is  that  you  can  seed  it  in  the  lati¬ 
tude  of  New  York  from  late  July  until  middle  of  October 
with  fair  chance  of  a  crop. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-VORKER 

SHAPING  TREES  ON  THE  PACIFIC  COAST. 

A  few  weeks  ago  you  printed  an  article  on  the 
starting  of  a  tree,  and  another  on  the  open  center 
tree  of  the  Pacific  Coast.  I  would  like  to  outline  the 
pruning  of  a  young  tree,  as  we  of  this  Department 
have  recommended  for  a  number  of  years  as  being 
the  best  manner  in  which  to  handle  the  young  orchard 
tree.  We  find  that  the  one-year  whip,  and  a  good, 
healthy,  well-developed  one,  too,  of  about  four  to  five 
feet  in  height,  one-half  inch  to  five-eighths  of  an 
inch  in  diameter  six  inches  from  the  ground,  makes 
the  best  start  for  the  tree.  Here  in  the  West  we  want 
a  low  head,  as  it  protects  the  tree  from  injury  by 
winds,  and  also  makes  spraying,  thinning  and  pick¬ 


ing  easier  and  cheaper,  which  are  important  items  in 
the  commercial  orchard.  To  get  this  low  head  the 
whip  is  best  pruned  back  to  a  point  somewhere  be¬ 
tween  18  and  24  inches  from  the  ground,  after  the 
tree  is  well  set.  The  varying  height  allows  for  the 
selection  of  enough  vigorous  buds  to  insure  the  form¬ 
ation  of  enough  main  or  scaffold  branches. 

During  the  first  season  the  growth'  is  allowed  to 
develop  without  direction  other  than  what  might  be 
termed  “weeding’’  out  the  weak  or  otherwise  unde¬ 
sirable  shoots.  In  the  Winter,  or,  better,  in  the  early 
Spring  following,  this  growth  is  carefully  examined 
in  order  to  select  the  five  to  seven  most  desirable 
shoots  for  the  development  of  the  “head.”  These 
shoots,  or  young  branches,  should  be  spaced  well  up 
and  down  the  trunk,  the  object  being  not  to  have 
them  start  too  near  together,  as  that  invariably  pro¬ 
duces  weakness  in  the  head  of  the  tree.  To  balance 
the  head,  these  shoots  should  radiate  evenly  around 
the  trunk,  much  as  the  spokes  of  a  wheel.  The  up¬ 
permost  shoot  is  left  as  a  sort  of  “leader,”  although 
there  is  no  intention  to  develop  a  tall  tree  or  a  heavy 
center.  The  idea  of  this  “leader”  is  to  keep  the 
scaffold  spread  out,  as  was  said  before,  to  prevent 
weakness,  and  to  fill  the  center  partly.  It  is  really 
the  development  made  necessary  by  the  endeavor  to 
produce  all  that  a  given  area  possibly  can  produce.  If 
the  trees  are  started  with  the  “vase”  shaped  head 
there  is  much  valuable  space  in  the  center  which 
might  be  producing  fruit,  so  this  leader  is  trained 
with  this  idea  in  mind.  It  is  very  necessary,  how¬ 
ever,  to  be  careful  not  to  get  the  center  too  thick,  as 
more  harm  will  result  from  under-development  or 
under-coloring  than  the  extra  bearing  area  possibly 
could  balance.  Also,  if  too  thick  the  spraying  is  more 
unsatisfactory,  and  less  thoroughly  done.  On  each 
of  these  scaffold  branches,  then,  enough  buds  should 
be  left  to  insure  a  proper  development  of  top.  The 
branches  should  be  pruned  back  severely,  though,  as 
the  intention  is  to  stimulate  wood  growth  to  give 
strength  to  the  tree.  It  is  well,  also,  to  give  a  some¬ 
what  conical  shape  to  this  pruned  head,  although  it 
is  difficult  to  get  this  in  every  tree.  The  leader  is  left 
usually  from  12  to  18  inches,  and  the  lower  branches 
or  laterals  about  10  or  12  inches  in  length. 

During  the  growing  season  after  this  the  care  is 
much  the  same  as  during  the  first  season  as  regards 
the  “weeding  out”  of  undesirable  shoots.  It  is  dur¬ 
ing  this  season,  also,  that  the  work  known  as  “Sum¬ 
mer  pruning”  should  commence,  to  induce  early  bear¬ 
ing  if  the  grower  wishes  his  trees  to  bear  early.  Per¬ 
sonally  I  do  not  favor  this  method  in  the  extreme, 
except  with  trees  such  as  the  Spitzenburg  or  Spy,  that 
are  usually  late  bearers;  that  is,  in  the  West  they 
often  do  not  bear  until  seven  or  eight  years  of  age. 
Most  of  the  other  varieties  bear  at  four  or  five  years 
anyway,  so  the  Summer  pruning  is  not  greatly  needed. 


•  87S 

As  the  tree  grows  older  the  tendency  should  be  to 
do  most  of  the  pruning  in  the  Summer  and  only  a 
little  in  the  Winter,  as  this  will  prevent  the  tree  from 
expending  energy  in  developing  shoots  which  are 
later  cut  away.  In  general,  the  object  in  so  pruning 
a  young  tree  is  to  induce  thrifty,  stocky  development, 
a  well-shaped,  well-balanced  head,  and  to  avoid  weak¬ 
nesses  that  are  so  common  in  apple  trees.  I  send  with 
this  two  pictures  of  a  poorly  headed  tree,  Figs.  347 
and  349,  which  was  weakened  by  a  heavy  crop  and 
split  the  following  Spring.  w.  G.  brierley. 

HAPPY  BACK  TO  THE  LANDERS. 

We  live  in  the  city  of  New  Rochelle,  New  York. 

Our  plot  of  ground  is  140  feet  square. 
Dwelling  house  33x33  with  large  lawn, 
one  large  bearing  apple  tree,  two  small 
pear  trees,  four  Concord  grape  vines, 
four  small  maples,  two  poplars,  two 
peach  trees,  raspberries,  blackberries, 
strawberries,  and  many  flower  beds ; 
henhouse  and  run  which  winters  about 
25  hens.  They  pay  for  themselves  many 
times  over.  During  the  Winter  months 
we  get  from  12  to  15  eggs  daily.  My 
wife,  who  has  charge  of  the  poultry 
end  of  our  “140-foot  farm,”  raised  110 
little  chicks  this  Summer,  hatched  by 
hens  and  brought  up  in  homemade 
brooders;  one  died  from  disease,  two 
were  deformed  and  therefore  killed, 
the  remainder  grew  to  broiler  size  and 
helped  make  up  many  a  fine  meal.  Our 
garden  is  90x58  feet,  which  furnishes 
us  with  all  the  fresh  vegetables  we 

possibly  can  use  during  the  Summer 

and  nearly  all  the  canned  vegetables  we 
use  in  Winter.  We  followed  carefully 
the  directions  issued  by  the  Govern¬ 
ment  in  their  bulletin  on  canning  corn, 
peas,  beans,  egg  plant,  okra,  and  all 

vegetables,  and  must  say  that  we  met 
with  great  success,  not  losing  a  can.  The  net 

profits  from  this  small  garden  patch  last  year 

was  $55.  We  obtained  our  prices  from  the  various 
markets  in  New  Rochelle  and  deducted  in  each  case 
at  least  10  per  cent.  The  following  we  had  on  our 
table  for  dinner  on  July  24,  all  raised  on  our  “140- 
foot  farm”:  Sorrel  soup,  two  broilers,  V/2  pound 
each ;  Early  Rose  potatoes,  beets,  string  beans,  cu¬ 
cumbers  and  onions,  Summer  squash,  blackberries, 
and  apple  pie.  I  am  a  commuter,  traveling  to  Brook-* 
lyn  every  day.  My  vacation  I  take  in  “a  day  at  a  time 
manner”  which  enables  me  to  keep  the  “140-foot 
farm”  in  shape.  The  R.  N.-Y.  is  our  guide.  I  wish 
that  it  was  a  daily  instead  of  a  weekly  paper.  We 
practice  what  we  read,  and  I  am  about  to  start  a 
10-foot  square  of  Alfalfa  to  try  our  luck.  Before 
many  years  I  hope  to  send  you  a  report  of  our  doings 
on  a  Connecticut  farm,  as  we  have  simply  outgrown 


ANOTHER  VIEW  OF  ILL-SHAPED  TREE.  Fig.  349. 


this  140-foot  lot.  There  are  some  animals  the  re¬ 
strictions  of  the  city  will  not  permit  me  to  keep,  there¬ 
fore  more  ground  in  the  open  country,  free  from  re¬ 
strictions,  but  I  suppose  full  of  weeds  and  stones. 

H.  M.  E. 

“Secondary  metals”  are  those  recovered  from  scrap 
heaps  or  wastes.  In  1910  $45,525,500  worth  of  such 
stuff  was  utilized.  The  use  of  old  tin  cans  for  this  pur¬ 
pose  is  not  large.  It  costs  too  much  to  collect  the  cans. 


H70 


September  2, 


THE  RUKAR,  NEW-YORKER 


TAKING  A  SHEEP’S  PICTURE. 

We  see  in  our  farm  papers  pictures  of 
live  stock  which  look  as  though  the 
subject  might  have  posed  in  that  position 
for  hours,  but  after  a  little  experience 
along  the  line  I  can  appreciate  the  fact 
that  perhaps  many  hours  were  spent  and 
several  plates  wasted  before  the  desired 
picture  was  obtained.  Take  sheep,  for 
instance;  perhaps  you  wish  a  photograph 
of  some  extra  good  stock  or  possibly 
just  some  first-class  sheep  or  lamb  pic¬ 
tures.  There  arc  at  least  two  absolute 
necessities,  good  light  and  plenty  of  pa¬ 
tience.  As  you  approach  the  sheepfold 
the  first  sight  which  greets  you  may  be 
a  bunch  of  lambs  skipping  and  jumping. 
Now  there.is  just  what  you  want!  You 
get  your  kodak  ready  and  start  toward 
them  cautiously.  You  are  scarcely  close 
enough  when  they  notice  you;  instantly 
their  play  ceases,  every  eye  is  fixed  upon 
you.  Perhaps  some  of  the  bolder  ones 
would  resume  their  play,  but  one,  with  a 
shake  of  his  head  and  a  flourish  of  his 
heels,  is  off  and  in  an  instant  nothing  is 
left  for  you  but  the  background.  After 
several  such  attempts  to  secure  a  group 
you  give  up  in  disgust  and  confine  your 
attention  to  a  single  lamb.  And  it  is 
not  the  little  drawn-up,  willing-to-stand 
kind,  it  is  that  nice,  big,  frisky  fellow. 

1  have  found  that  it  is  better  to  pick 
out  one  which  will  make  a  good  picture 
— and  stick  to  him!  Follow  him  every¬ 
where,  and  he  will  lead  you  a  merry 
chase,  too.  If  the  enclosure  is  small  so 
much  the  better  for  you.  I  chose  this 
lamb  one  morning  and  kept  persistently 
after  him.  It  was  not  long  before  he 
grew  extremely  tired  of  it;  he  would 
stop  to  nibble  a  bit  of  grass,  and  looking 
up  find  himself  gazing  into  the  im¬ 
placable  eye  of  that  odious,  little,  black 
machine.  Finally  he  became  tired  and 
laid  down  to  rest,  but  he  could  not  even 
have  that  comfort,  I  wanted  him  on  his 
feet.  By  this  time  he  had  ceased  to  be 
afraid  of  me,  but  I  could  not  get  him  in 
a  position  that  the  light  was  good.  Final¬ 
ly,  -as  a  last  resort,  he  fled  to  his 
mother’s  side.  I  went  around  her  and 
crept  on  hands  and  knees  as  close  as 
possible.  Master  lamb  did  not  see  me, 
lint  he  doubtless  thought  it  too  good  to 
be  true.  To  satisfy  himself  I  was  really 
gone,  he  moved  cautiously  along  and 
keeping  close  to  his  mother,  peeped 
around  her  bewhiskered  face  as  she 
lay  chewing  her  cud.  Alas,  that  solitary 
eye  wa%  too  quick  for  him,  and  though 
the  old  dame  looks  calm  and  serene,  I 
had  scarcely  made  the  exposure  when 
the  pair  were  scampering  across  the 
yard.  -  The  result  of  this  work  is  seen 
in  Fig.  347,  page  8 7b.  B.  H. 


“FARM  POLITICS.” 

Against  the  Collin  Bill. 

Many  of  our  Now  York  Stnte  readers 
have  asked  us  to  name  the  members  of  the 
Legislature  who  voted  against  the  Collin 
hill.  This  hill  did  not  reach  the  Senate  at 
:.U,  hut  was  killed  in  the  lower  house  after 
a  debate  of  about  two  hours.  We  have 
printed  the  names  of  ttie  members  who 
voted  in  favor  of  the  hill.  We  now  name 
those  from  rural  counties  who  voted 
against  it.  It  seems  useless  to  name  the 
men  from  the  large  cities  who  are  on  the 
wrong  side  of  this  hill,  as  our  farmers 
would  have  no  opportunity  of  striking  at 
them.  A  large  number  of  those  votes 
were  east  h.v  members  from  New  York  City, 
who  appeared  to  he  directly  influenced  by 
a  lobby  of  commission  men.  The  follow¬ 
ing  members,  however,  are  from  the  coun¬ 
try  and  can  lie  cut  by  farmers’  votes: 

tieo.  A.  Blauvelt,  liockland,  lawyer, 

Democrat. 

Henry  E.  Brcrcton,  Warren,  farmer.  Re¬ 
publican. 

Louis  E.  Chanler,  Dutchess,  lawyer,  i 
Doinocra  t. 

.7 as.  S.  Dawson,  Erie,  plumber,  Demo¬ 
crat 

Louis  W.  Day,  Jefferson,  druggist.  Demo-  j 
crat. 

John  A.  Goodwin,  Westchester,  lawyer. 
Republican. 

B.  R.  Lansing,  Rensselaer,  grocer.  Re¬ 
publican. 

Edwin  A.  Merritt,  Jr.,  St.  Lawrence, 
lawyer,  Republican. 

John  C.  Meyers,  Schenectady,  farmer, 
Democrat. 

L.  J.  Ncupert,  Erie,  insurance,  Democrat. 

Wm.  E.  Nolan,  Albany,  clerk,  Republi¬ 
can. 

.las.  S.  Parker,  Washington,  farmer,  Re¬ 
publican. 

J.  S.  Phillips,  Allegany,  lawyer.  Repub¬ 
lican. 

Thos.  K.  Smith,  Onondaga,  lawyer.  Re¬ 
publican. 

John  D.  Stivers,  Orange,  editor,  Repub- 
lica  n. 

F.  B.  Thorn,  Erie,  lawyer,  Republican. 

John  15.  Trombly,  Clinton,  merchant, 

1  lemocrat. 

G.  II.  Wende,  Erie,  lawyer,  Democrat. 

The  rest  of  those  who  voted  against  the 

hill.  40  in  number,  were  chiefly  from  New 
York  City,  and  as  a  rule  lawyers  and  poli¬ 
ticians.  There  are  votes  enough  from  tin1 
rural  counties  to  have  passed  the  bill  in 
Hie  Assembly  if  the  members  could  have 
been  brought  to  understand  what  it  meant 
to  the  farmer.  The  thing  to  do  now  is  to 
make  this  a  living  issue  for  the  next  Legis¬ 
lature.  Wo  should  begin  now,  and  put 
every  man  who  comes  forward  for  nomi¬ 
nation  squarely  on  record,  making  him  say 


yes  or  no.  and  cut  him  if  he  will  not  sup¬ 
port:  a  bill  to  give  lair  regulation  to  com¬ 
mission  men.  It  will  lie  noted  that  three 
farmers,  so-called,  voted  against  the  hill. 
Mr.  Brereton  gave  a  fair  reason  for  his 
action.  Mr.  Meyers  dodged  the  point,  and 
did  not  seem  to  know  what  he  as  a  farmer 
wanted.  Mr.  Parker  thinks  he  can  afford 
to  ignore  the  whole  thing  and  pay  no  at¬ 
tention.  Jt  is  reported  to  ns  that  Mr.  Par¬ 
ker  owns  a  large  farm,  and  would  prob¬ 
ably  bo  called  an  agriculturist.  Politically 
he  claims  to  own  practically  the  whole  of 
his  district,  and  appears  to  think  that  he 
carries  the  nomination  and  election  in  his 
Vest  pocket.  It  would  do  him  a  great  deal 
of  good  and  also  help  the  State  if  the 
farmers  of  that  district,  regardless  of 
party,  could  only  get  together  and  show 
Mr.  Parker  that  when  he  puts  his  thumb 
and  linger  into  that  vest  pocket  he  gets 
hold  of  a  chestnut  burr  rather  than  a  sweet 
and  easy  election. 


THE  CONSUMER’S  DOLLAR.  . 

Fricks  for  Fruit. — A  writer  in  the  New 
York  Times  says : 

“I  have  before  me  a  copy  of  ‘The  Pro¬ 
ducers'  Price-Current,’  a  sheet  of  market 
quotations  for  produce,  published  in  New 
York  and  distributed  by  produce  commis¬ 
sion  merchants  to  their  shippers.  I  quote 
from  the  issue  of  August  10:  ‘Apples  in 
liberal  supply  and  with  demand  light,  mar¬ 
ket  ruled  very  weak,  fancy  Michigan 
Duchess  of  Oldenburg  selling  at  $2  to  .$2.25, 
but  $2  about  top  price  from  other  sections 
and  outside  quotations  are  extreme  on  other 
varieties.’  Dessert  apples,  such  as  Sweet 
Bough  and  N.vnck  Pippin,  sell  wholesale  at 
•$1.25  to  $2.  and  cooking  varieties,  Alex¬ 
ander.  Oldenburg,  Gra venstein,  etc.,  at  .$1.25 
to  $2.25  per  standard  barrel  of  1O0  quarts 
dry  measure.  The  writer  shipped  recently 
some  fancy  Oidenhurgs  which  brought 
$1.62%  per  barrel,  netting  83%  cents  after 
paying  freight,  cartage,  commission  and  the 
cost  of  the  packing.” 

By  the  time  these  apples  reached  the 
consumer  they  cost  at  least  $4.50  per  bar¬ 
rel. 

PnonrcEns  and  Consumers. — Pertaining 
to  a  shipment  of  apples  to  Camden,  N.  J., 
I  being  the  producer,  was  told  by  the 
dealer  in  fruit  and  produce  that  apples 
Were  so  plentiful  and  weather  so  hot  they 
sold  very  slowly  ;  and  did  not  pay  to  handle 
them.  Next  morning  I  was  at  his  place  of 
business  and  his  partner  while  waiting  on 
a  customer  told  her.  in  my  hearing,  that 
the  apple  crop  was  light  and  the  good 
varieties  scarce,  and  they  had  suffered  by 
drought  and  hot  weather.  The  actual  fig¬ 
ures  in  this  apple  deal  will  have  some 
bearing  on  the  35-cent  dollar  and  the 
prohibitive  price  of  apples  to  the  less  for¬ 
tunate  class.  Picking  and  package  with 
freight  leaves  a  net  price  of  2(5  cents  per 
%  lmshel  basket  for  the  producer,  yet  one 
variety  sells  on  the  retail  stand  24  cents 
per  basket  more.  Summer  Pearmain  was 
sold  readily  for  12  cents  quarter  peck,  or 
96  cents  basket.  Maiden  Blush  sold  for 
15  cents  per  quarter  peek,  or  $1.20  per 
basket.  Producer  received  for  is  baskets 
2(5  cents,  $4.68.  Middleman  received  for 
same  lot,  10  baskets  at  'J6  cents,  $0.00 ; 
middleman  received  for  eight  baskets  at 
$1.20,  $9.60:  $19.20.  Those  apples  were  all 
sold  in  24  hours  after  receipt  of  samp. 

New  Jersey.  n.  s.  cito.sn aw. 

Open  Markets. — The  papers  have  re¬ 
ported  an  experiment  at  Dos  Moines,  Iowa, 
which  suggests  one  way  out  for  farmers. 
It  was  reported  that  middlemen  controlled 
the  markets,  so  that  neither  consumers 
nor  producers  had  a  chance.  So  the  grounds 
of  the  State  capitol  were  opened  and  far¬ 
mers  drove  In  to  sell  direct  from  wagons. 
The  experiment  was  a  great  success. 
Throngs  come  to  buy.  The  farmers  quickly 
sold  out  at  higher  prices  than  ever  before 
while  the  consumer  saved  much  money. 
This  experience  goes  to  prove  .just  what 
has  been  claimed  for  the  middleman  ques¬ 
tion.  At  South  Bend,  Ind.,  a  public  mar¬ 
ket  was  opened  and  became  a  success  from 
the  first.  Farmers  sold  direct  to  customers 
and  both  saved  money.  It  is  reported  that 
some  of  the  dealers  tric'd  to  disguise  them¬ 
selves  as  farmers  and  run  up  prices,  but 
they  were  caught  and  turned  out.  The 
public  market  plan  is  coming  everywhere. 
At  Erie,  Pa.,  reports  show  that  the  ex¬ 
citement  over  reciprocity  has  led  farmers 
to  combine  and  demand  a  market  and 
direct  dealing. 


i 


T)ouhle  Gleuss  Sa.sK 

SUCT'IONAL  VlKW  SUOWINO  SUNLIGHT  DOUBLE 
Glass  Sash  Construction 

WINTER  GARDENING 
WITHOUT  DRUDGERY 

With  Sunlight  Double  Class  Sash  you  never 
have  to  use  any  mats  or  boards  lor  covering 

The  two  layers  of  glass  take  their  place 

(See  picture  above) 

Between  the  t  wo  layers  of  glnns  is  a  V  inch 
layer  of  dry,  still  air.  This  transparent  blanket 
affords  bettor  protection  to  plants  than  mats  or 
boards:  never  shuts  out  the  fight;  saves  expense 
and  labor  and  gives  the  best  possible  results. 
Glass  held  by  springs;  no  putty  used;  can’t  work 
loose,  easily  repaired. 

Great  profit  and  pleasure  from  hot-bed 
and  cold-frame  gardening 

Under  Sunlight  Sash  you  can  have  plants  for 
the  field  far  earlier  and  better  than  you  can  under 
Hingh*  glass  sash.  You  can  have  t’resli  vegetables 
and  flowers  for  your  own  use  when  they  are  lux¬ 
uries.  Lettuce  and  violets  for  instance  all  winter. 

GET  THESE  TWO  BOOKS 

One  is  our  valuable  free  catalog. 
Tho  other  Ik  by  Prof.  JUaimcy,  an  au¬ 
thority  on  hot  Led  and  cold-frame  gar¬ 
dening.  In  it  In*  I <*) Ih  in  mi  in  teres t- 
ing  and  instructive  manner  how  to 
make  and  card  for  tho  Inula,  what  and 
when  to  plant.  Tear  out  this  ad. 
Bend  it  with  4c.  in  htntnpa,  and  your 
name  and  uddroM  and  we  will  scud 
you  the  two  hooka.  Do  it  now. 
Bunliirht  Double  (J)iinh  Sn».li  Co. 

924  II.  Broadway,  Louisville,  Ky. 


With  tho  aid  of  this  Big  Bargain  Catalog,  yon  can  poloot  anything 

you  want— Furniture;  Carpets,  Runs,  Stoves.  Ranges,  Refrigerators,  Sew¬ 
ing  Machines,  Baby  Carriages,  Co-Carts,  Silverware,  Dishes,  Phonographs, 

Washing  Machines,  Clocks,  etc., — to  a  greater  advantage  than  if  you  were 
to  visit  personally  ev<Ti  tho  largest  city  stores;  because  wo  offer  you  not  only  a  vastly 
larger  and  better  stock  to  choose  from,  but  your  selections  are  made  right  at  home  with 

your  Family  at  your  elbow. 

Pay  When  Convenient 

Yourcrcdltte  (rood  with  n».  Why  not  use  It  I  Under 

onr  libcr.il,  open  account,  easy  payment  plan  you  can 
have  every  possible  advantage  in  buying  for  your  homo 
possessed  by  tho  most  favored  nod  well-to-do-shopper  in 
tho  city  stores.  Our  credit  system  is  extended  to  honest 
people,  everywhere,  regardless  of  their  income. 

Take  A  Month  To  Decide 

i-  Anything  yon  select  will  bo  shipped  on  ap¬ 
proval.  Keep  tho  goods  30  days.  If  you  are  net 
fully  satisfied,  tho  goods  may  bo  shipped  biielc 
to  ns  at  our  expense  and  your  first  payment  and 
freight  charges  refunded, _ 


Big  Rocker  Bargain 

Order  No.  C.  W.  531  Price  $4.95 

Terms  75c  Cash  50c  Monthly 

Solid  golden  oak  with  high,  wi  do  back,  fully  tufted 
and  buttoned  with  heavy  rufllod  edge.  Scat  largo 
and  roomy,  upholstered  with  hign-grado  black 
Svlvan  leather  ovor  full  stool  spring  construction. 


7 

A  Personal 
Word 

The  rich  and 

prosperous  class 
can  always  com¬ 
ma  nd  the  lux. 
urics  of  life,  but 
the  average 
home  lover  needs 
the  Spenr  System 
of  Credit  to  the 
Nation.  I  want 
1,000,000  families 
to  say  of  me: — 
“lie  helped  us 
to  furnish  and 
beautify  our 
homes.”  I  ask 
for  no  higher  tri¬ 
bute  to  my  life’s 
work.  Write  for 


Write  For  Free  Catalog  Today 

Spear  &  Co.,  Dept.  925  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


my  Free  Catalog. 

Spear  x 

viusharar 


You've  Been  W aiting 
For  This  Engine 

Try  It  15  Days, 

FREE  " 


O' 


NE  of  the  most  important  tilings 
you’ll  probably  do  this  year  is 
to  buy  a  farm  engine;  and  it 
will  make  a  lot  of  difference  to  you  where  you 
buy  it.  before  you  do,  you  owe  it  to  yourself  to 
see  the  Perfection  kerosene  portable  engine  doing 
W  your  work  on  your  own  farm  free  for  1 5  days.  You  don’t 
have  to  be  a  mechanic  to  operate  the  simple  Perfection. 
If  you  feel  the  need  of  advice  as  to  the  engine’s  quality,  why, 
invite  any  expert  engineer  to  come  over  and  try  your  Perfection 
•put  it  up  against  the  hardest  work  on  the  farm — the  Perfection  is 
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i  n 


last  week’ 


RURAL  NEW  YORKER 

Page  861 

A.  H.  Hoffman,  Bamford,  Pa. 

errn  imrKT  Poole,  Gypsy,  Mediterranean, 
OLLls  WnLAl  Ihnly,  Fulls  and  Main.Hye— All 
reoleaned  ami  graded.  Samples 
ami  catalog  free.  \V.  N.  SCAR*’,  New  Carlisle,  Ohio. 

fin  fin  SFFn  WHFAT- From  tho  best  wheat  sne- 

UUUU  OLlU  vvncrtl  tion  in  Ohio.  Varieties 
that  bring  results— 35  to  4«  bushels  per  ncro.  Red 
Wave,  Gypsy,  White  Fultz,  Improved  Poole,  Har¬ 
vest  king,  Rudy,  Winter  King  and  Hod  Wonder. 
Art  for  our  Special  Wheat  Circular;  its  free. 
MACK  &  MANHI'IEIJ),  Greenville,  Ohio 

JONES  SEED  WHEAT 

Pure  ami  Well  Cleaned.  "St.  Louis  Grand  Prize”  and 
“H“d  Wave.”  Two  of  t lie  best  yielding  and  fly  re¬ 
sisting  wheats  grown.  Send  for  samples  and  prices 

to  J.  N.  McPHLKSON,  Pine  View  Faun,  Scoff svilie.  N.  Y. 

TIMOTHY  SFED  a"(1  :,|s;ike.  Lot h  new  cron, 

OCCU  and  without  a  single  weed! 
Also  alfalfa,  vetch  and  crimson  clover. 

(>  -M.  .Scott  &  Son,  loo  Main  si.,  Marysville,  Ohio. 

fiPPLF  TPFF^ — -All  kinds  Trees  and  Plants. 

l  HUM  Prices  reasonable.  Salesmen 
Wanted.  Mitchell’s  Nursery,  Beverly.  Ohio 

rT,D  LTC  S  By  the  Millions.  A  complete  lino 
I  Ixrr,!  I  at  wholesale  prices.  Large  supply 
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pO B  SALIC  (ill  acres  excellent  land ;  fair  buildings; 
1  well  watered;  151)  fmit  trees;  terms  easy. 

J.  B.  Whiting,  K.  I,  Box  11,  Interlaken,  N.  Y. 

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Peonies  Phloxes  Irises 

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The  Best  Results  are  to  he  Obtained  by  Rian  line 
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Illustrated  booklet  with  descriptions  nn«l 
planting  directions  KltKK  upon  request. 

MOUNT  HOPE  NURSERIES.  Rochester.  Nctv  York 


/SS  All  kinds  spraying  out- 

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IRfl  Forme  1,'<)R  SAIilc  chkap,  in  rertii 

lUU  i  Ql  I II 0  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogu 


tile 
ulogue 

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New  York  State  Farms  ^LfyMi  parts  $ 

the  State.  Catalog  free  to  parties  intending  to  buy. 
NORTHERN  REALTY  CO.,  Syracuse,  New  York. 

I, elands’ 

oil 


FARliK  Circular  free.  Dept.  151,  Lei  am 
I  Hlimo  Kuna  Agency,  31  Milk  St.,  I5.»sl 


I70U  SALE — Creamery  and  Milk  Shipping  Plant 
4  on  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad.  All  modem  machin¬ 
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AGENCY,  Owkoo,  Tioga  County,  New  York. 

HONEST  MAN  OR  WOMAN  WANTED 

In  every  town  to  represent  well  known  wholesale  firm. 
Experience  unnecessary.  Must  furnish  good  refer¬ 
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McLEAN  BLACK  &  CO.,  Ill  Doty  Building,  Boston,  Man. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NRW-YORKRR 


877 


SOME  STRAWBERRY  NOTEs. 

Tho  weather  became  so  dry  and  the 
ground  so  hard  here  by  the  middle  of  May, 
that  many  farmers  who  had  not  quite  fin- 
ished  their  breaking  decided  to  wait  for 
rain.  It  is  now  August  115,  and  tho  await¬ 
ed  rain  has  not  yet  come  to  permit  this 
delayed  breaking.  Under  those  conditions 
It  would  not  be  expected  that  the  small 
fruit  crop  could  he  a  normal  one.  Dry 
weather  was  not  alone  responsible  for  the 
short  crops,  as  the  extreme  heat  also 
helped  the  failure  along.  A  temperature 
of  120  degrees  In  the  strawberry  patch 
just  as  the  harvest  should  have  been  at  its 
best,  was  enough  to  test  the  endurance  of 
the  plant  as  well  as  the  pickers,  and  many 
there  were  that  quit.  Still  under  these 
trying  conditions,  some  varieties  gave  a 
fair  crop.  This  was  especially  true  with 
plants  having  a  heavy  upright  foliage  such 
as  the  Bubach,  while  kinds  with  lighter 
open  foliage  like  tho  Ilnverland  were  in 
many  cases  almost  a  failure.  Near  50 
varieties  are  on  trial  here,  besides  several 
seedlings.  The  first  and  also  the  last  ber¬ 
ries  picked  were  from  seedlings.  It  seems 
to  be  a  long  hunt  to  find  any  variety  that 
excels  the  Excelsior  In  point  of  earliness, 
while  at  the  other  extreme  there  are  several 
newer  ones  that  appear  to  be  as  late  as 
or  later  than  the  Gandy. 

Some  seasons  the  Gil!  is  equally  as  early 
as  the  Excelsior,  others  it  is  not.  The 
Gill  seems  to  be  more  than  an  average 
cropper,  good  size  and  light  color,  mild, 
sometimes  insipid  flavor.  It  looks  to  be 
about  good  enough  to  become  a  semi-stand¬ 
ard.  Texas  has  some  merit,  especially  in 
plant.  This  season  it  stood  up  fresh  and 
green  while  others  beside  It  were  dry 
enough  to  burn.  Ozark  was  a  few  days 
later  than  the  Gill  but  did  not  do  much 
either  by  performance  or  promise.  St.  Louis, 
from  Arkansas,  not  quite  so  early  as  some, 
but  one  of  the  largest  berries  on  my  list, 
uniform  in  shape,  good  quality;  looks  good 
for  a  home  berry  but  rather  soft,  for  ship¬ 
ping,  color  about  like  Haverland.  For  gen¬ 
eral  purpose  main  crop  varieties  Senator 
Dunlap  and  Parsons  Beauty  seem  to  lie 
able  to  hold  their  own  against  any  of  the 
new  comers.  Bethel,  somewhat  of  the  Par¬ 
sons  Beauty  type,  but  larger  in  berry,  made 
a  good  impression,  Cbipman,  Dickey.  3 
W.,  Baldwin’s  Pride  of  Michigan  ami  Mead 
have  been  dropped  because  they  were  not 
superior  to  the  standards.  N.  Y.  Prolific 
and  Black  Beauty  are  on  probation.  The 
former  is  a  strong  growing  plant  but  much 
of  the  fruit  is  rough.  The  latter  looks  to 
bo  rather  soft  for  a  wet  season.  High¬ 
land  commenced  to  ripen  a  little  ahead  of 
Dunlap,  and  where  quantity  of  fruit  is  the 
object  it  will  surely  be  a  winner.  I  believe 
commercial  growers  for  a  local  market 
might  do  well  to  give  the  Highland  a  test, 
while  the  grower  looking  for  a  high  class 
berry  for  a  special  trade  should  try  the 
Ferula  11. 

Kittle  Bice,  Wm.  Belt  and  Sample  are 
grown  for  comparison,  the  first  named 
being  considered  a  standard  for  beauty,  the 
second  for  high  quality  and  the  last  one 
for  productiveness.  There  were  only  one 
or  two  light  showers  here  from  the  begin¬ 
ning  to  thi'  end  of  the  picking  season,  yet 
the  later  kinds  seemed  to  be  injured  less  by 
the  drought  than  those  ripening  early  or 
midseason.  Aroma  matured  almost  every 
berry  and  the* foliage  kept,  fresh  and  healthy 
to  the  last.  Gandy  was  not  quite  so  large 
ns  usual  but  gave  near  a  normal  yield. 
Commonwealth  was  large  and  late,  hut  lost 
most  of  its  crop  from  sunscald.  July  1s 
productive  but  too  soft.  Orem  is  firm  and 
good  flavor  but  many  of  the  berries  are 
rough  and  hollow  at  the  tips.  Evening 
Star  was  unproductive,  and  poor  color. 
Blaine  was  too  much  like  Gandy  to  need  a 
different  name.  Manhattan  from  New  Jer¬ 
sey  is  a  giant  in  plant  and  gave  a  large 
crop  of  large  berries,  but  the  fruit  was  low 
grade  in  color,  shape  and  quality. 

Chesapeake  has  been  grown  here  for  five 
years,  and  I  think  more  of  It  than  any  new 
variety  grown  here.  In  season  it  com¬ 
mences  to  ripen  about  a  week  ahead  of 
Gandy,  but  holds  on  fully  as  late;  in  size  it 
Is  easily  equal  to  Gandy.  In  appearance 
it  surpasses  Gandy  either  when  picked  or 
after  being  shipped,  as  it  is  a  firmer  berry. 
It  is  a  sweet  berry  and  most  people  would 
prefer  the  Chesapeake  for  eating  out  of  the 
hand.  For  table  use  with  cream  and  sugar 
some  prefer  a  berry  like  Gandy,  with  more 
add  and  more  flavor,  claiming  that  sugar 
Is  cheaper  than  strawberries.  The  Chesa¬ 
peake  is  a  slow  plant  maker  and  not  a  very 
profitable  one  for  the  plant  grower.  This 
Is  probably  the  reason  why  it  is  not  more 
highly  spoken  of  in  the  plant  catalogues. 

Indiana.  p.  moffitt. 


When  to  Pick  Apples. 

In  the  latitude  of  Central  Ohio  when 
should  tho  various  varieties  of  apples  bo 
pickcsl  to  obtain  best  results? 

In  reference  to  Ohio  apples  the  crop 
this  year  is  fully  three  weeks  in  advance 
of  former  seasons,  and  would  think  Jona¬ 
thans  should  be  picked  about  September  1, 
and  Rome  Beauties  September  15;  Ben 
Davis  ajul  later  varieties  October  1  to  15. 
It  depends  very  much  on  the  color  and 
conditions  at  that  time. 

NET, SON  &  FINCH. 

We  are  governed  largely  by  tin'  season 
in  picking  apples.  Some  seasons  we  pick 
earlier  than  others  on  account  of  the 
fruit  ripening  or  coloring  earlier.  Last 
season  we  began  picking  Grimes  and  Jona¬ 
than  early  in  September;  these  go  at  once 
into  cold  storage.  Winesap,  Rome  Beauty, 
Ben  Davis  and  other  late  ripening  kinds 
are  picked  last  of  September,  or  as  soon 
as  sufficiently  colored  and  before  dropping 
seriously.  Grimes  and  Jonathan,  espe¬ 
cially  the  former,  drop  badly  if  not  gath¬ 
ered  early.  My  judgment  is  that  apples 
are  often  picked  too  early  for  the  best 
color  and  flavor;  one  tins  to  determine  be¬ 
tween  this  and  loss  of  fruit  by  dropping. 

Southern  Indiana.  c.  m.  hours. 

The  time  to  begin  picking  Winter  apples 
depends  upon  maturity,  and  this  is  deter¬ 
mined  by  color  of  fruit  as  much  as  any¬ 
thing.  The  ease  with  which  they  separate 
from  the  tree  is  also  an  indication  of  ma¬ 
turity.  My  method  of  marketing  in  small 
baskets  demands  good  color,  and  an  apple 
which  is  not  well  colored  is  low  in  flavor 
as  well  as  poor  in  appearance.  Some  va¬ 
rieties,  such  _  for  Instance  as  the  Rhode 
Island  Greening,  and  Grimes  Golden,  must 
be  picked  promptly  wtven  ready,  "or  they 


will  drop  badly,  while  the  Jonathan  and 
others  will  hang  longer  on  tree  after  ready 
to  pick.  In  ordinary  seasons  we  usually 
begin  picking  the  Grimes  and  Greenings 
about  September  25  in  Northern  Ohio,  and 
further  south  it  would  be  earlier.  The 
season  this  year  is  abnormally  early.  This 
is  one  of  tin'  operations  where  experience 
and  good  judgment  are  indispensable. 

Ohio.  W.  W.  FARNSWORTH. 

The  time  for  picking  Winter  apples  In 
this  latitude  of  Central  Ohio  or  Indiana 
varies  somewhat  according  to  tho  season. 
Generally  speaking  we  begin  picking 
Grimes  Golden  about  the  middle  of  Sep¬ 
tember.  Last  year  it  was  about  the  10th. 
This  is  followed  by  Rome  Beauty,  Jona¬ 
than,  Winesap.  Genet  and  Ben  Davis.  In 
general,  it  should  be  picked  as  soon  as 
tho  stem  will  separate  readily  from  tho 
branch.  By  leaving  it  till  later  it  will 
usually  have  better  color,  but  will  not  keep 
so  well.  j.  TROOP. 

Indiana. 

It  seems  to  me  poor  business  to  harvest 
a  crop  of  apples  that  is  not  ready  to  be 
gathered.  Both  high  color  and  excellence 
of  flavor  (certainly  very  important  fac¬ 
tors)  depend  upon  the  apples  remaining 
upon  the  trees  until  as  nearly  “finished'’ 
In  perfection  as  it  is  safe  to  allow.  There 
are  a  number  of  varieties  which  ripen  or 
mature  so  irregularly  mat  two  or  more 
pickings  are  required  to  secure  the  crop 
In  its  highest  development.  Wealthy,  of 
the  Autumn  class,  and  Rome  Beauty,  of 
tho  Winter  varieties,  are  Illustrations  of 
this  fact.  As  a  rule  1  prefer  to  allow 
apples  to  remain  upon  the  trees  until  there 
is  a  noticeable  tendency  to  drop  (as  with 
Grimes  Golden),  or,  with  the  later  sorts, 
until  danger  threatens  from  early  cold. 
There  is  some  danger  rrom  wind  with  the 
varieties  which  “let  go”  easily,  but  the 
best  color  and  flavor  can  be  obtained  only 
in  approaching  the  limit  of  time  as  nearly 
as  possible.  There  are  those  who  will  ob¬ 
ject  to  making  two  or  three  pickings  of 
the  later  varieties,  but  where  one  becomes 
accustomed  to  thinning  the  crop  early  in 
the  season — possibly  going  over  the  trees 
two  or  three  times  to  relieve  them  of  their 
overburden  of  fruit — the  double  picking 
will  not  be  looked  upon  ns  such  a  bugbear 
after  all.  The  results  certainly  justify  the 
means.  It  is  simply  wonderful  how  much 
thi!  little  apples  will  gain  in  a  few  days 
after  the  bulk  of  the  crop  Is  removed. 

Ohio.  F.  H.  BALLOU. 


Composition  of  Manure  and  Bone. 

What  proportion  of  fertilizer  has  horse  ma¬ 
nure  compared  to  manure  from  cows?  How 
much  fertilizing  value  is  lost  in  burning 
of  new  bones?  a.  o. 

Chicago,  Ill. 

Of  course  manures  vary,  fl’lie  kind  of 
feed  and  the  amount  of  bedding  used  will 
affect  the  composition.  The  following  is  a 
fair  comparison  for  fresh  manure  with  the 
usual  amount  of  straw. 

POUNDS  IN  ONE  TON. 

Phosphoric  l’ot- 
Nitrogou.  Acid.  ash. 


Horse  . 11  12  0 

Cow  .  7  8  4 


Cow  manure  contains  more  water.  The 
above  is  a  fair  basis  for  comparison.  When 
any  matter  is  burned  the  gases  are  driven 
off  and  the  minerals  or  permanent  solids 
remain.  Nitrogen  is  n  gas-  lime,  potash 
and  phosphoric  acid  are  minerals.  The 
burning,  if  complete,  will  drive  away  all 
the  nitrogen  and  leave  ‘‘bone  ash"  which 
contains  lime  and  phosphoric  acid,  hut  no 
potash. 


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THE  RURAIj  NEW-YORKER 


September  2. 


Stuffing  the  Land  with  Humus. 

1  note  with  interest  the  discussion  of 
“stuffing"  land  with  humus.  I  have  seen 
corn  drilled  on  sandy  land  here  in  early 
July  make  a  good  growth  without  cul¬ 
tivation  or  any  fertilizer,  and  plowed 
under  in  September,  and  followed  by 
rye  which  seems  to  do  especially  well 
after  the  corn  is  plowed  under.  When 
plowing  the  rye  under  in  June  the  corn 
had  almost  entirely  disappeared,  and 
land  was  in  fine  shape,  and  never  seemed 
sour,  although  no  lime  was  used.  Vetch 
sown  here  August  IS  winter-killed  badly 
last  year.  Alfalfa  sown  at  the  same 
time  did  not  winter-kill,  but  soon  be¬ 
comes  choked  with  weeds.  I  think  the 
“Clark  method”  as  outlined  in  a  recent 
issue  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  would  be  the  best 
way  to  grow  Alfalfa  where  lime  and 
seed  are  important  items  of  cost,  and 
weeds  choke  out  much  that  is  planted 
on  weedy  land.  E.  w.  m. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  worst  results  from 
souring  the  land  come  when  a  rank, 
soft  crop  is  plowed  under  in  hot  weather. 
When  the  soil  is  hot  such  a  crop  will 
start  rapid  fermentation,  especially  when 
it  is  not  packed  hard  after  plowing. 
There  is  much  less  danger  when  the 
green  crop  is  put  under  in  cool  weather. 
We  should  use  lime  every  few  years 
anyway  -when  green  manuring  is  prac¬ 
ticed.  The  “Clark”  plan  of  killing  out 
the  weeds  thoroughly  and  seeding 
heavily  is  good  for  any  kind  of  grass 
or  clover. 


ALFALFA  IN  ONONDAGA  CO.,  N.  Y. 

Part  I. 

About  two  vears  ago  the  writer  visited 
one  of  the  principal  Alfalfa-growing  sec¬ 
tions  in  Onondaga  County.  N.  Y..  inter¬ 
viewed  a  number  of  prominent  farmers  and 
made  a  careful  study  of  the  methods  of 
growing  and  using  this  important  crop. 
The  fields  that  wore  visited  were  in  an  an¬ 
nexed  part  of  the  old  city  of  Syracuse,  and 
in  Onondaga,  Gcddes.  DeWitt  and  .Tames- 
ville.  Last  year,  and  again  during  the 
present  season,  these  places  were  revisited 
for  the  same  purpose  and  observations  were 
extended  to  Salina,  Split  Itock,  Solvay, 
Camillas,  the  Onondaga  Indian  Reservation, 
and  a  few  locations  in  Madison  County. 

Yield. — Last  year  the  yield  was  very 
good.  Two.  and'  from  many  farms  three, 
crops  were  taken,  and  most  of  the  hay  was 
secured  in  good  condition.  This  year  un¬ 
favorable  weather  has  interfered  some¬ 
what  with  the  harvesting.  The  yield  of 
the  first  crop  was  good  and  the  second  crop 
came  along  fairly  well.  A  large  part  of  the 
latter  was  gathered  during  the  last  ten 
da  vs  of  July.  With  hut  few  exceptions  the 
prospect  for  a  third  cutting  is  good. 

Present  Condition. — At  this  writing 
(the  second  week  in  August),  the  condition 
of  the  Alfalfa  fields  is  generally  satisfac¬ 
tory,  though,  as  with  all  other  crops,  they 
vary  in  appearance  and  promise.  A  few 
are'  not  fully  stocked.  In  some  of  these 
the  vacant  places  will  fill  in  with  Alfalfa. 
In  a  few  fields  orchard  grass  came  in  where 
the  Alfalfa  left  vacancies,  and.  because  of 
its  habits  and  growth  and  early  ripening, 
became  a  pest.  Very  little  dodder  is  to  be 
found.  It  is  quickly  destroyed  by  drying 
and  burning  the  crop  on  the  infested  spots. 
In  a  few  fields  in  which  the  underlying 
rock  comes  near  the  surface  there  are  brown 
patches  which  are  unthrifty,  but  which  will 
probably  become  green  again  when  heavy 
rains  come. 

Seeding. — There  has  been  no  radical 
change  in  the  methods  of  seeding  which 
wore  common  two  years  ago.  Men  who 
seeded  heavily  then  do  the  same  now.  and 
those  who  used  less  seed  have  not  increased 
the  quantity.  The  range  of  variation  is 
Ftill  from  six  quarts  each  of  Alfalfa  and 
Timothy  to  1G  quarts  of  Alfalfa  and  four 
quarts  of  Timothy  per  acre.  The  seeding 
first  named  seems  too  light  of  Alfalfa  and 
relatively  too  heavy  of  Timothy,  and  that 
last  stated  appears  to  be  an  excessive  seed¬ 
ing  with  Alfalfa.  Some  of  the  most  pro¬ 
ductive  fields  which  were  seen  on  any  of 
the  trips  were  seeded  with  a  little  less 
than  eight  quarts  of  Alfalfa  and  a  scant 
three  quarts  of  Timothy.  In  this  vicinity 
seeding  with  Alfalfa  alone  is  seldom  prac¬ 
ticed.  On  a  farm  in  DeWitt  where  it  was 
followed  two  years  ago  it  has  been  aban¬ 
doned.  but  on  another  farm  near  by  it  will 
be  tried  on  six  acres  this  Fall,  after  wheat. 
With  a  cover  crop  a  good  yield  of  grain  and 
n  good  stand  of  Alfalfa  may  confidently  be 
exoected.  The  grain  shades  the  Alfalfa 
while  it  is  small,  and  it  so  checks  the 
growth  of  weeds  as  to  keep  them  from  do¬ 
ing  serious  injury.  When  the  grain  is  har¬ 
vested  the  weeds  receive  another  check  by 
having  their  tops  removed,  but  the  small 
Alfalfa  plants  keep  on  making  roots  until 
cold  weather  comes.  The  stubble  of  the 
grain  also  furnishes  a  good  deal  of  protec¬ 
tion  to  the  young  Alfalfa  plants  during  the 
Winter.  Only  a  few  growers  now  seed  with 
barley.  It  is  a  good  cover,  but  in  this  sec¬ 
tion  the  grain  has  lost  much  of  its  old-time 
popularity.  Wheat  is  used  quite  a  good 
deal,  and  will  be  still  further  tested,  but  at 
the  present  time  oats  is  the  most  popular 
crop  with  which  to  seed  land  to  Alfalfa,  and 
Spring  is  the  favorite  season  for  sowing. 

Very  Few  Failures. — Failure  to  obtain 
at  least  a  fair  stand  of  Alfalfa  is  very  rare, 
and  when  it  occurs  it  is  usually  in  the 
poorer  parts  of  the  field,,  The  writer  has 
found  only  two  cases  where  failure  was 
complete.  In  one  of  these  the  land  needs 
working  and  draining,  and  it  would  need 
the  same  treatment  to  fit  it  for  growing 
corn  or  potatoes.  It  is  nothing  against  Al¬ 
falfa  thnt4t  does  not  grow  there  as  well  as 
it  does  in  fields  close  by.  The  other  case  is 


Double  Tracking 

The  Bell  Highway 


not  so  easily  explained.  The  land  is  owned 
by  a  resident  of  Syracuse  but  lies  in  Oswego 
County.  The  ground  is  reasonably  dry.  It 
produces  good  grass,  and,  with  the  exception 
of  wheat,  good  grain  crops.  It  is  not  under¬ 
laid  with  clay.  Sweet  clover  does  not  grow 
wild,  as  it  does  around  Syracuse,  but  Red 
clover  is  easily  started  and  yields  good 
crops.  Efforts  to  start  Alfalfa  have  been 
made  in  three  different  years  and  have  ta- 
tally  failed.  The  land  has  been  limed. 
Inoculation  with  soil  from  an  Alfalfa  field 
has  been  tested.  Chemicals  for  inoculation 
have  not  been  tried.  The  owner  of  the  land 
will  try  the  application  of  lime  and  the  use 
of  inoculated  soil  together  and  his  experi¬ 
ment  will  be  watched  with  a  good  deal  of 
interest.  It  sometimes  occurs  that  Alfalfa 
fails  for  a  year  or  more  where  later,  with¬ 
out  any  apparent  reason  for  the  change,  it 
thrives.  Mr.  Hamlet  Worker,  of  Geddes, 
who  has  been  growing  this  crop  for  some 
30  years,  and  who  is  one  of  the  most  suc¬ 
cessful  growers  in  this  section,  had  a  re¬ 
markable  experience  of  this  kind.  A  field 
in  which  Alfalfa  had  failed  so  completely 
that  it  was  discarded  was  given  to  other 
crops  for  several  years.  But  one  Spring, 
after  some  other  land  had  been  sown,  a  lit¬ 
tle  Alfalfa  seed  was  left,  and  rather  than 
trouble  to  take  it  from  the  box  it  was 
sown  with  grain  on  the  condemned  field. 
As  a  result  Mr.  Worker  had  one  of  the  best 
fields  of  Alfalfa  he  had  ever  grown,  and 
from  that  time  the  land  has  never  failed  to 
produce  this  crop  in  abundant  quantity. 

In  Unfavorable  Localities. — Though  it 
does  best  where  the  conditions  for  its 
growth  are  favorable,  Alfalfa  often  grows 
where  they  are  far  from  good.  There  is  a 
field  in  DeWitt  in  a  part  of  which  the  soil 
over  the  rocks  is  not  more  than  four  Inches 
deep,  yet  which  gives  a  fair  yield  of  Alfalfa, 
and  on  the  same  farm  there  is  a  spot 
where  a  large  lot  of  dirt  was  thrown  out, 
and  most  of  it  left  in  large  clods,  but  which 
is  pretty  well  stocked  with  Alfalfa  which 
has  grown  from  seed  that  was  sown  with 
but  little  care.  At  Split  Rock  a  railroad 
which  runs  from  the  immense  stone  crusher 
to  one  of  the  quarries  passes  for  some  10 
rods  or  more  through  an  Alfalfa  field.  Al¬ 
though  the  road,  which  was  built  some 
years  ago.  was  well  ballasted,  there  are 
several  places  in  which  Alfalfa  plants  are 
growing  between  the  ties.  A  still  more 
striking  illustration  of  the  success  of  this 
crop  under  hard  conditions  is  seen  in  a  field 
in  Geddes  which  for  some  50  years  had  been 
regarded  as  worthless,  until  some  one  with 
faith  in  the  plant  seeded  it  with  Alfalfa  and 
thus  made  it  productive  and  valuable.  J.  n. 


This  Valuable 
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The  simple  diagram  above  strik¬ 
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It  shows  that  six  persons  can  now 
talk  over  two  pairs  of  wires  at  the 
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Already  the  co-operation  of  the 
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Potato  Digging  Time  Coming 


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Alfalfa  makes  Milk,  Beef  and  Pork  at  low 
cost.  For  clean  seed,  pulverized  lime  and 
inoculated  soil,  address: 

ZD.  C.  KZAUFFM;A.IXr 
35  W.  Phila.  St.,  York,  Pa. 

SEED  WHEAT,  TIMOTHY  AND  CRASS  SEEDS 


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he  “r 

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Steam 
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A  train  of  followers,  but  no  equals. 

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wherever  it  goes.  Makes 
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Littie  draft,  tre¬ 
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2'h  Tons  Per  Hour 


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Write  today  for  Free  illustrated  /A sSfiESf  Capacity 
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J.  A.  SPENCER 
101  William  St.,  Dwiglit,  Ill. 


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Remarkable  invention.  This  pull  power  principle 
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1911. 


THE  RURAL*  NEW-YORKER 


H79 


This  Big  New  Maxwell  $1280 


POWER,  STYLE  and  RIGHT  PRICE  will  determine  the  successful  car  of  1912.  In 
building  the  new  MAXWELL  SPECIAL,  the  36-horsepower  Touring  Car  for  $1280, 
the  United  States  Motor  Company  has  developed  these  elements  to  their  utmost. 
Never  before  has  such  a  car  been  offered  at  this  price. 

We  realized  that  most  cars  today  are  reliable  and  efficient.  Therefore,  we  set  out  to 
build  a  car  that  would  outclass  all  others  in  these  three  essentials. 

We  instructed  our  corps  of  engineers  to  embody  abundant  power  and  surpassing  style 
in  this  new  car,  knowing  that  our  purchasing  and  manufacturing  facilities  enabled  us  to 
build  the  car  at  a  lower  price  than  any  of  our  competitors. 

When  we  were  satisfied  with  the  car,  we  found  we  could  fix  the  price  at  the  surpris¬ 
ingly  low  figure  of  $1280. 

The  new36-h.p.  Maxwell  Special  unquestionably  assumes  instant  leadership  for  1912. 


rp|>  The  Secret  of  power  in 
Kll  W  rLrv  this  new  Maxwell  Special 

is  its  41  x  51  long  stroke, 
smooth-running  motor.  Large  valves,  adjustable 
push  rods,  self-contained  automatic  oiling  sys¬ 
tem,  Stromberg  carburetor,  dual  ignition  with 
Splitdorf  magneto  and  batteries,  combine  to  pro¬ 
duce  more  power  and  greater  speed  than  will 
ever  be  needed. 

The  power  is  there  for  emergencies.  Gear 
shifting  is  reduced  to  a  minimum,  as  this  car  takes 
the  steepest  hills  with  ease,  and  with  enough 
reserve  force  to  cope  with  the  unexpected. 

Othermechanical  features  include  largeclutch 
discs,  full-floating  rear  axle,  sliding-gear  trans¬ 
mission,  drop-forged  ‘T’-beam  front  axle  and 
Columbia  Honeycomb  type  of  radiator.  Wheel¬ 
base,  114  inches. 


3-  his  new  ventilated  fore- 
^  I  J  1^1*  door,  flush-side  vestibuled 

steel  body,  with  inside  con¬ 
trol,  is  the  very  latest  thing  in  motor-car  design. 
Its  sweeping  curves  with  a  Columbia  Honeycomb 
type  radiator,  new  designed  bonnet,  and  long, 
smooth  flush-sides  are  strikingly  beautiful. 
Finished  in  Royal  green  with  Wedgwood  green 
wheels  and  black  upholstering,  deep  and  well 
tufted,  this  car  has  an  atmosphere  found  only  in 
the  most  expensive  cars.  It  is  an  aristocrat; 
the  most  artistic  creation  of  the  season. 


PRICE 


The  price  of  this  car  is  made 
possible  by  the  unequaled  fac¬ 
tory  facilities  of  the  United 
States  Motor  Company,  now  recognized  as  the 
leading  builders  of  automobiles  in  America.  No 
car  selling  for  $500  more  than  the  price  we  ask 
can  match  the  Maxwell  Special.  Comparison 
with  other  cars  will  prove  this  statement  beyond 
argument.  We  urge  comparison. 


■THE  NEW  MAXWELL  SPECIAL  will  be 
*  unquestionably  the  Leader  for  1912.  In 
addition  we  announce  three  other  models: 

The  Maxwell  Mercury,  a  30-h.p.  mile-a- 
minute  Roadster,  for  $1150. 

The  Maxwell  Mascotte,  a  25-h.p.  Touring 
Car,  for  $980;  or  a  Roadster  body  for  $950. 

The  Maxwell  Messenger,  a  16-h.p.  Run¬ 
about,  for  $600. 

MAXWELL  MERCURY  Here  is  a  test- 

1 1-  rw  proven  mile-a- 
A  30-h.p.  Roadster,  $1150  minute  road¬ 
ster  with  smooth,  flush-side  vestibuled  and  venti¬ 
lated  fore-door  body,  which  is  the  height  of 
perfection.  Wheel-base,  110  inches.  It  is  equip¬ 
ped  with  high-tension  racing  magneto,  Strom¬ 
berg  Carburetor,  Columbia  Honeycomb  type  of 
radiator  with  new  designed  hood,  demountable 
rims,  and  a  wealth  of  refinements,  and  is  listed  at 
$1150  (top  extra).  It  is  another  instance  of 
exceptional  Maxwell  value. 


MAXWELL  MASCOTTE  No  ca.r.  haa 

ever  achieved 

A  25-h.p.  Touring  Car,  $980  such  U  n  - 

swerving  popularity  as  the  Model  “I”  of  which 
the  MASCOTTE  is  the  offspring. 

We  regret  our  inability  to  supply  all  the  cars 
of  this  type  that  were  demanded  this  season,, 
but  the  increased  production  next  year  should 
enable  us  to  meet  the  demand.  It  is  the  prettiest 
four-passenger  touring  car  you  have  ever  seen. 

Among  its  features  and  refinements  are  a 
four-cylinder  motor  (4x4),  supplying  25-h.p.; 
104-inch  wheel-base;  new  ventilated  fore-door 
vestibuled  body  with  smooth,  flush-sides  and 


inside  transmission  control,  artistically  finished 
in  dark  blue  with  battleship  gray  wheels ;  oil 
reservoir,  cast  integral  with  the  crank  case ; 
Columbia  Honeycomb  type  of  radiator  with  new 
hood  of  beautiful  design  ;  irriversible  worm  steer¬ 
ing-gear  mechanism;  Stoddard-Dayton  type  of 
spark  and  throttle  control  under  steering  wheel 
which  will  be  17  inches  in  diameter;  springs  of 
imported  English  steel,  ball-bearings  of  German 
Chrome  Vanadium.  The  touring  car  with  extra- 
wide  rear  seat,  $980;  fore-door  roadster  at  $950. 


MAXWELL  MESSENGER  This  run- 

A  16-h.p.  Runabout,  $600  a  OUt  Wlt  1 

numerous 

refinements  is  beautifully  finished  in  dark  blue, 
with  light-blue  wheels.  The  car  should  have  no 
trouble  in  retaining  the  leadership  in  runabouts 
that  has  been  held  by  its  predecessor,  known  as 
the  Model  “AB.”  Every  manufacturing  year 
has  seen  a  shortage  in  these  cars.  The  price 
is  the  same,  $600,  equipped  with  magneto,  top, 
three  oil  lamps,  two  gas  lamps  and  generator. 


Satisfied  Owners’  Lo  facilitate  constant  and  unfail- 
Insnection  ing  service  °f  Maxwell  cars,  and 
_  .  ^  to  eliminate  unnecessary  repairs 

Service  caused  by  oversight  of  required 

minor  repairs  and  adjustments,  lack  of  experience  in,  and  me¬ 
chanical  knowledge  of,  the  construction  and  skillful  operation 
of  his  car,  upon  the  part  of  the  owner,  we  have  instituted  a 
Free  Inspection  Service. 

The  few  motor  troubles  in  cars  of  today  are  generally  due 
to  neglect  of  unsuspected  minor  difficulties  and  can  be  avoided 
by  frequent  inspection  and  instruction  as  to  proper  adjustment. 

For  one  year  after  date  of  purchase,  a  Maxwell  owner 
may  take  his  car  to  the  nearest  Maxwell  branch  or  dealer  once 
a  month,  if  necessary,  for  a  thorough  inspection  without  charge. 

By  the  use  of  our  Free  Inspection  Service,  you  reduce 
your  car  trouble  and  repair  expense  to  a  minimum. 

This  monthly  inspection  service  is  in  addition  to  the  Com¬ 
pany’s  standard  warranty  against  defective  material  and  work¬ 
manship,  as  published  in  our  catalogue. 


c _ _ 


Ready  for  immediate  delivery  at  our  27  branches  and  1800  dealers.  Send  for  advance  catalogue. 

Maxwell-Briscoe  Motor  Company  at  61st  Street  New  York 

Division  of  [Tmteo  states  motor  company 


THE  RURAL,  RE  W- YORKER 


880 

Hope  Farm  Notes 


Fruit  Notes. — When  wc  first  planted 
apple  trees  we  made  some  mistakes  with 
varieties.  I  did  not  realize  until  the  trees 
began  to  hear  what  a  serious  thing  it  is  to 
advise  a  beginner.  No  man  should  eve* 
rely  entirely  upon  the  word  of  a  stranger 
in  this  matter,  lie  ought  to  go  about  the 
locality  and  talk  with  fruit  growers  and 
see  what  the  apples  look  like.  For  exam¬ 
ple,  I  was  told  that  Wealthy  was  an  applo 
of  late  September  or  Fall.  Wo  began  pick¬ 
ing  our  Wealthies  by  August  10.  This 
means  that  we  went  over  the  trees  and 
picked  the  largest  apples — leaving  the 
smaller  ones  to  mature.  The  large  apples 
were  ready  to  come  off  and  as  we  could 
get  35  and  40  cents  for  a  peach  baskfet  full 
it  seemed  like  good  business.  The  high 
winds  which  prevail  here  in  early  Septem¬ 
ber  will  throw  down  many  ripe  applet 
Thus  Wealthy  with  us  comes  in  ahead  of 
Fall  Pippin.  McIntosh  is  about  10  days 
later.  A  good  succession  of  apples  on  our 
hills  would  be  Astrakhan,  Williams  Early, 
Wealthy,  Fall  Pippin,  McIntosh,  Koine 
Beauty,  Baldwin  and  Black  Ben  liavis. 
These  are  all  dark-colored  except  Fall  Pip¬ 
pin — which  is  the  best  of  the  lot.  As  for 
peaches  the  last  of  the  Carmans  were  off 
by  August  10.  Following  them  came  Belle 
of  Georgia,  Mountain  Kose  and  Elberta.  I 
shall  plant  more  Carmans.  It  is  the  most 
profitable  peach  we  have.  At  first  custo¬ 
mers  did  not  care  for  a  white  peach,  but 
after  tasting  it  at  its  best  they  want  more. 
We  grow  them  with  a  brick  red  cheek  that 
attracts  attention  anywhere. 

Moisture. — We  had  two  soakers  that  did 
the  peaches  and  apples  a  world  of  good. 
In  one  orchard  we  are  trying  mulch  against 
culture.  On  the  half  where  the  trees  were 
plowed  and  cultivated  the  wood  growth  is 
great.  By  July  15  this  growth  was  so 
heavy  that  1  did  not  dare  let  it  go  on,  so 
we  stopped  cultivating.  It  was  too  dry  to 
sow  a  “cover”  crop,  but  weeds  and  grass 
came  in  as  if  by  magic.  It  was  largely 
ragweed  and  foxtail.  The  ragweed  1  re¬ 
gard  as  a  good  fertilizing  plant.  llow 
ihose  weeds  did  jump  up !  Then  came  the 
showers,  followed  by  high  winds.  Two 
years  ago  1  went  down  to  see  the  famous 
ltepp  orchard  in  South  Jersey.  It  is  plant¬ 
ed  on  light  soil.  Mr.  liepp  fertilizes  heav¬ 
ily  in  Spring,  plows  shallow  and  gives  the 
most  thorough  culture  up  to  July.  Then 
he  does  nothing  more  but  permits  the 
weeds  to  do  as  they  please.  They  grow 
shoulder  high,  stop  the  wood  growth  on 
the  trees,  utilize  the  plant  food  and  pro¬ 
vide  humus  of  the  cheapest  sort.  Go  to 
ltepp’s  orchard  in  June  and  you  would  call 
him  the  most  careful  cultivator.  Go  there 
in  August  and  his  orchard  looks  like  a 
sloven’s.  Yet  what  fruit  he  does  get.  It 
always  struck  me  that  he  would  get  more 
fruit  and  save  fertility  by  cutting  that 
weed  growth  off  during  August.  This  year 
I  had  a  chance  to  test  this  theory.  By 
August  19  I  had  one  crop  at  least  equal  to 
Kepp’s — that  was  weeds.  The  Carmans 
were  all  picked  but  the  Belle  of  Georgias 
were  loaded  and  just  coloring.  1  reasoned 
that  the  weeds  and  the  high  winds  would 
soon  get  the  water  out  of  that  soil,  while 
if  the  weeds  were  cut  and  left  on  the 
ground  we  should  have  a  mulch  l'oi  pro¬ 
tection.  It  was  impossible  to  work  such 
an  orchard  with  the  mowing  machine,  so 
we  went  in  with  sharp  scythes  and  cut 
the  trash  under  and  around  the  trees  which 
carry  fruit.  We  expect  this  to  hold  the 
moisture  while  another  crop  of  grass  and 
weeds  will  come  in.  This  can  be  left  or 
plowed  under  for  rye  seeding.  1  would 
rather  leave  it.  Last  year  we  disked  late 
for  rye,  started  a  late  growth  and  lost 
most  of  our  buds  in  Winter.  The  sod  part 
of  this  orchard  presents  a  great  contrast  to 
the  cultivated  part.  The  sod  trees  are  no 
more  than  two-thirds  the  size.  The  fruit 
is  a  little  smaller,  darker  colored,  better 
flavor  and  ripens  earlier.  Except  for  spray¬ 
ing  one  man  can  take  care  of  three  sod 
trees  to  one  under  thorough  culture. 

Farm  Notes.— They  got  that  wooden 
part  of  the  old  house  safely  across  the 
lawn  and  located  it  in  position  behind  the 
new  house.  Now  it  will  be-  attached.  It 
was  interesting  to  see  this  house  slide 
gently  along  the  greased  timbers.  They 
took  it  along  chimney  and  all,  hardly  shak¬ 
ing  out  a  bit  of  plastering.  When  1  was 
a  boy  we  helped  move  buildings  on  wooden 
rollers  and  usually  shook  them  half  apart. 

.  .  .  The  cow  was  sailing  along  at  her 

record  with  30  pounds  a  day  when  sud¬ 
denly  she  fell  off.  In  36  hours  she  was 
down  to  three  pounds,  refusing  her  grain 
and  spending  the  night  bellowing.  When 
at  this  season  a  cow  acts  that  way  1  look 
for  sour  apples,  and  sure  enough  there 
was  a  small  seedling  tree-  in  the  pasture 
with  the  apples  falling.  The  cow  did  not 
bloat  or  fall  down,  but  she  simply  quit. 
We  finally  coaxed  her  back  to  about  24 
pounds.  She  is  now  picketed  on  the  Al¬ 
falfa — moving  her  twice  a  day  back  and 
forth  across  the  field.  At  night  she  has 
an  armful  of  sweet  corn  stalks.  This 
ought  to  bring  her  back,  but  it  is  hard  to 
iecover  entirely  when  the  cow  nearly  stops 
her  flow.  Keep  on  the  watch  for  too  many 
sour  apples.  .  .  We  are  sending  a  one- 


horse  load  to  market  practically  every 
week  day.  Bob  and  Broker  take  turns 
hauling.  Peaches  and  apples  make  the 
bulk  of  these  loads,  with  tomatoes,  pears 
and  crabs  for  good  measure.  Prices  are 
fair.  Many  people  are  out  of  work  and 
cannot  buy  freely,  yet  we  always  get  rid 
of  the  goods.  Potatoes  are  high,  and  I 
think  prices  will  be  kept  up,  though  I  ex¬ 
pect  foreign  potatoes  to  begin  coming  soon. 
There  are  not  many  of  them  in  our  coun¬ 
try.  The  fruit  crop  is  good  and  we  are 
handling  more  than  we  ever  did  before. 
.  .  .  Many  of  you  will  understand  with¬ 

out  my  telling  the  satisfaction  we  feel  in 
seeing  our  young  orchards  burst  into  fruit. 
It  is  hard  to  think  of  any  part  of  farming 
which  gives  more  solid  comfort.  For  an 
orchard  means  a  permanent  investment. 
Y’ou  planted  the  little  trees — mere  sticks. 
Friends  and  even  your  own  family  smiled 
or  scoffed  at  your  arguments  and  your 
hope.  You  had  nothing  but  faith  and 
vision  as  you  spent  your  money  and  your 
time  through  the  long  years  of  waiting. 
Now  you  are  in  a  way  to  justify  your 
claims.  The  trees  are  shaking  themselves 
and  the  ripening  fruit  is  peeping  out 
through  the  foliage !  I  wish  I  could  have 
you  on  my  hill  this  Sunday  afternoon  that 
we  might  consider  some  of  these  things.  It 
is  a  glorious  day  ;  clear  and  bright,  with  just 
a  suggestion  of  “nip”  in  the  air  to  make 
people  of  our  years  realize  that  the  end  of 
Summer  is  near.  We  could  look  far  off 
across  the  purpling  hills  and  realize  how 
they  rise  on  and  on  one  ridge  after  an¬ 
other  to  the  end  of  the  earth — just  about 
as  we  have  found  life.  For  it  has  been  a 
long  climb  out  of  one  pleasant  valley  up 
the  ridge  and  then  down  the  other  side. 
Yes,  I  wish  I  had  you  here  to-day  with 
the  sun  sparkling  over  the  valley  and  na¬ 
ture  in  the  pride  and  strength  of  its  full 
growth.  We  would  not  worry  over  the  fact 
that  we  know  the  destroyer  is  crawling 
down  from  the  North  to  put  the  hand  of 
frost  upon  all  this  beauty.  We  would 
rather  look  at  these  sturdy  young  trees  and 
know  that  they  are  to  come  through  the 
sleep  of  Winter  stronger  and  more  produc¬ 
tive  than  ever.  I  can  think  of  nothing 
more  satisfactory  for  the  Sunday  after¬ 
noon  of  a  man  of  middle  years  than  sturdy 
young  trees  on  the  hill  and  children  play¬ 
ing  in  the  valley. 

“Women  Farmers”  and  Work. — Here  is 
a  question  which  ought  to  be  discussed. 
There  are  many  women  who  must  hire 


their  work  done.  What  should  they  pay 
for  labor?  This  case  is  in  northern  New 
York : 

“Will  you  please  •  tell  ‘women  farmers’ 
how  much  they  ought  to  pay,  per  acre,  to 
have  land  fitted  thoroughly  and  sown  with 
Winter  wheat?  The  land  is  near  the  barn, 
easy  to  work  and  is  now  oat  stubble ;  we 
furnish  grain  and  grass  seed  for  seeding 
down  ?  j.  e. 

This  is  a  very  local  question,  depending 
on  the  custom  of  the  locality,  the  charac¬ 
ter  of  the  farmer  and  the  force  of  the 
women.  In  our  section  the  charge  is  made 
by  the  hour — 50  cents  per  hour  for  man, 
team  and  tools.  On  a  hot  day  some  men 
might  sit  on  the  plow  handles  and  let  the 
horses  rest.  Their  excuse  would  be  a  text 
— “A  merciful  man  is  merciful  to  his 
beast.”  When  the  women  farmers  paid  for 
such  mercy  at  the  rate  of  50  cents  per 
hour  they  might  justly  conclude  that  the 
quality  of  it  was  “strained.”  The  most 
practical  figures  I  have  seen  are  those 
worked  out  by  Prof.  II.  E.  Cook  at  the 


Canton  Agricultural  School.  Here  is  the 
cost  of  fitting  one  acre  for  various  crops : 

Corn  (plowing  and  harrowing) .  $3.49 

Potatoes  (plowing  and  harrowing)..  5.91 
Oats  (plowing,  harrowing  &  seeding.  3.99 
Wheat  (plowing,  harrowing  and 

seeding)  .  5.90 


In  this  wheat  account  it  cost  $3.38  to 
plow  an  acre,  $1.97  to  harrow  and  55 
cents  to  seed.  I  think  it  will  cost  the 
average  farmer  more  than  this  to  put  in  an 
acre  of  wheat  properly.  In  this  case  the 
work  was  well  done,  the  yield  being  over 
25  bushels  per  acre.  The  total  cost,  in¬ 
cluding  seed,  fertilizer,  harvesting,  etc., 
was  $27.92  per  acre,  and  the  income  in 
straw  and  grain  was  $44.75.  In  our  coun¬ 
try  with  our  small  and  rough  fields  it 
would  cost  nearly  $7.50  to  hire  the  work 
done  and  put  in  an  acre  of  grain  properly. 
That  is  rather  more  than  it  is  worth.  I 
think  this  oat  stubble  could  be  fitted  well 
and  seeded  to  wheat  for  about  $5  per  acre 
if  a  man  has  a  good  team  and  a  con¬ 
science  in  fair  working  order. 

Fall  Seeding  Oats. — This  comes  from  a 
man  who  lives  within  a  dozen  miles  of 
Hope  Farm  : 

“Will  you  tell  me  which  time  is  the  best 
to  sow  oats  for  hay,  the  Fall  or  Spring? 
I  have  just  cut  rye  from  the  ground  where 
the  oats  are  to  be  sown.” 


September  2, 

It  is  strange  how  people  get  the  habits 
of  grain  mixed  up.  It  would  lie  nonsense 
to  sow  oats  this  Fall,  expecting  to  cut  it 
for  hay  next  year.  Oats  will  no  more  live 
through  the  Winter  than  corn  or  potatoes. 
The  crop  would  grow  until  freezing  and 
then  it  would  fade  away.  There  is  a 
Winter  eat  used  in  he  South,  which  will 
live  through  the  Winter  in  Southern 
Virginia  and  farther  South.  We  have 
seeded  it  here  on  the  hope  of  carry¬ 
ing  it  through,  but  while  it  made 
a  heavy  Fall  growth  there  was  not 
a  plant  left  in  Spring.  It  would  make  a 
good  pasture  for  the  Fall,  or  might  do  to 
sow  among  the  strawberries  to  serve  as 
mulch,  but  there  is  no  kind  of  oats  that 
will  live  over  Winter  and  give  hay  in 
Spring.  I  know  that  some  of  the  liars 
who  go  about  selling  seeds  claim  to  have 
an  oat  grafted  on  clover  roots  which  will 
live  anywhere  and  never  suffer.  Do  not 
pay  any  attention  to  such  frauds,  but  if 
you  want  hay  for  next  year  sow  either 
rye  or  wheat  now.  The  wheat  will  make 
better  hay,  but  rye  is  a  surer  crop  in  our 
country. 

Motor  Cars  and  Farms. — I  hardly  like 
to  think  what  my  grandfather  would  have 
said  could  he  have  lived  to  see'  this  ad¬ 
vertisement,  which  actually  appeared  in  a 
New  York  paper : 

Farm,  about  30  Miles  from  N.  Y.  City. — 

Prefers  water  front  in  Long  Island  or 
Connecticut ;  in  exchange  for  practically 
new,  high  class  automobile;  will  add  cash. 

■ - ,  Brooklyn. 

The  suggestion  that  some  land  owner 
will  trade  a  30-acre  farm  for  an  automo¬ 
bile  is  a  new  one  to  me.  A  motor  truck 
would  be  a  different  matter.  I  think  such 
trucks  are  to  play  a  large  part  in  farming  . 
of  the  future.  Bight  in  our  own  commu¬ 
nity  are  perhaps  a  dozen  farmers  who 
make  individual  trips  to  market.  This 
means  at  least  20  horses  and  10  or  12 
men  on  the  road  at  slow  trips,  sometimes 
with  light  loads.  A  good  auto  truck  could 
carry  through  the  week  practically  all 
these  teams  now  haul,  get  the  stuff  into 
market  faster  and  with  less  shaking,  and 
leave  eight  or  10  men  at  home  to  get  more 
loads  or  pick  or  do  farm  work.  I  can 
actually  conceive  of  the  dozen  men  lumping 
their  property  and  exchanging  30  acres  for 
such  a  truck  and  doing  a  good  stroke  of 
business.  This  is  one  of  the  things  we  have 
got  to  come  to.  H.  w.  c. 


125,000  Opportunities  to  Save  Money 


Save  every  cent  you  can.  _  The  total  will  be  worth  while.  We  carry  in  stock  more  than  125,000  articles 
of  every  day  use.  On  every  item  in  this  tremendous  stock  you  are  offered  a  saving  that  ranges  from  20  to 

50  per  cent:  So  we  offer  you  your  choice  of  125,000  separate  and  distinct  opportunities  to  save  money;  We  secure  the  lowest  possible  prices 
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Buys 

This 

Chair 


This  chair  is  a  laTge,  comfortable,  up¬ 
holstered  rocker  for  the  sitting  room. 
It  is  covered  with  black  imitation  leather  and 
is  40  inches  high  and  25  inches  wide.  It  will  be 
an  ornament  in  your  home  and  will  give  long 
service.  This  is  just  one  out  of  the  many  hun¬ 
dred  furniture  bargains  we  offer.  We  buy  tho 
entire  output  of  furniture  factories.  We  know 
that  our  furniture  is  rnude  of  best  materials  and 
by  expert  workmen  because  we  superintend 
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Stoves  and  Ranges 
at  a  Saving  ol  1-2 

Perfect  stoves, 
perfect  ranges, 
are  the  only  kind 
we  sell.  We  know 
they  are  perfect  in 
every  way  because  wo 
control  the  output  of 
stove  foundries.  Thus 
we  can  inspect  every 
piece  of  material  that 
goes  into  the  making 
of  them.  We  buy 
these  stoves  and 
ranges  in  solid  train¬ 
loads  at  prices  that 
are  hardly  moretlian 
the  cost  of  manufac¬ 
ture.  We  guarantee 
our  stoves  or  raDges 
to  reach  you  in  per¬ 
fect  condition.  You 
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Buy  Your  Groceries  at  Wholesale 
Prices 


MontjomeryWanf&G). 
CHICAGO  wo  KANSAS  CITY 


CHICAGO  AVE. BRIDGE  *  CHICAGO 
PRICE  LIST  N0.53? 


Economize  on  your 
grocery  bills,  but  do 
it  in  the  right  way. 

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is  complete  in  overy 
particular.  In  every 
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full  weight  and  full 
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selves  so  that  we  can 
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that  you  have  a  roof 
if  it  is  protected 
with  our  guaran¬ 
teed  roofing.  Just 
send  for  Book  No. 
5.  Compare  the 
prices  for  yourself. 
You  will  see  that 
you  can  save  just 
Bemember,  you  aie  taking  no  chances 
because  we  guarantee  the  roofing  for  peri¬ 
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the  qual  ity  you  buy. 


y 

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ou  can  save  money  on  everything  you 
uy  to  eat  or  wear  or  use  in  any  way. 

^  Montgomery  Ward  &  Co. 

I  19th  and  Campbell  Sts.  Chicago  Avenue  Bridge  I 
KANSAS  CITY  CHICAGO  1 

Please  send  to  my  address  below  the  books  I  m 
have  checked  absolutely  free  of  cost. 

19  Sewing  Machines 


Fall  and  Wiivter 
Necessities 
at  Bi<3 
Savings 


Pay  Manufacturing  Cost  Only 
lor  the  Best  Carpets  and  Rugs 

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on  the  floors  in  your  home  with 
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others  have  done  and  save  half  by  buying 
your  rugs  and  carpets  from  us. 

Send  for  Book  No.  15. 


1  Paints 

2  Pianos 
8  Organs 

4  Trunks 

5  Roofing 

6  Vehicles 

7  Furniture 

8  Incubators 

9  Wall  Paper 

10  Typewriters 

11  Grocery  List 

12  Feed  Cookers 

13  Tank  Heaters 

14  Wire  Fencing 

15  Carpets,  Rugs 

16  Building  Plans 

17  Baby  Carriages 

18  Men’sFur  Coats 


20  Gasoline  Engines 

21  Cream  Separators 

22  Building  Material 

23  Stoves  and  Ranges 

24  Underwear  Samples! 

25  Automobile  Supplies 

26  Bicycles— Motorcycles 

27  Baby’s  Dress  and  Toilet 

28  Women’s  Tailored  Suits 

29  Circular  and  Drag  Saws 

30  Women’s  Fashion  Book 

31  Rain  Coats,  Rubber 
Coats,  etc. 

32  Tombstones,  and  Monu¬ 
ments 

33  Men’s  Clothing 

34  W’omeu’s  Furs 


Name . 

Post  Offioe . . 

“  State . 

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Two  New  Clothing  Books 

Save  1-2  on  Your  Fall  and  Winter  Clothing 

Dress  comfortably  and  stylishly  [this 
winter  at  half  the  usual  cost.  Provide 
yourself  with  clothes  made  of  the  latest  and  best 
fabrics  and  perfectly  tailored  by  experts. 

In  two  special  books  we  offer  you  the  oppor¬ 
tunity  to  do  this.  They  are  tho  ‘’Women’s  Fall 
and  Winter  Fashions”  and  “Men’s  Fall  and 
Winter  Clothing.” 

We  know  that  our  clothes  are  made  of  the 
best  fabrics  and  from  the  latest  designs  because 
the  manager  of  our  tailoring  division  keeps 
closely  in  touch  with  the  leading  fashion  cen¬ 
ters  of  the  world.  He  selects  those  fabrics  and 
designs  which  he  knows  to  be  the  best. 

We  know  that  our  prices  are  lower  than  you 
would  pay  elsewhere  for  the  same  excellent 
quality  of  clothes  we  sell  because  we  buy  the 
clothes  in  great  quantities.  We  get  right  down 
to  the  rock  bottom  prices  at  which  clothes  can 
be  bought  Then  we  ask  but  a  slight  advance 
over  these  in  the  prices  we  ask  you  to  pay. 

Get  an  early  start  and  have  your  selections 
made  before  tho  fall  and  winter  season  is  upon 
you.  _  Send  for  the  book  you  want— women's 
fashion  book  is  No.  30,  men’s  book  is  No.  33— 
and  make  your  choice  without  delay.  (?■ 


Bobsled  and  Cutter  Time  is  Almost  Here 

You  can  afford  a  new  cutter  or  sleigh 
this  winter.  Our  special  vehicle  catalogue 
<Book  No.  6)  will  make  this  possible  because  of 
exceptionally  low  prices.  Send  for  it. 

Winter  Farm  Supplies  at  Factory  Prices 

Feed  cookers,  tank  heaters,  incu¬ 
bators  and  brooders  and  winter  farm 
necessities  we  can  Bell  you  at  a  great  saving. 
Select  the  books  you  want  from  the  list.  Send 
us  the  numbers  of  them. 

Get  a  Cream  Separator  that  is 
Guaranteed  for  a  Lifetime 


I 
1 
I 
I 
I 
I 

I  MONTGOMERY  WARD  &  CO. 


We  know  that  we  have  the  best  cream 
separator  on  the  market  because  ours  was 
made  especially  for  us.  It  combines  all  the 
good  features  of  every  cream  separator  and 
has  many  additional  ones.  It  is  because 
we  are  so  sure  of  every  detail  of  its  con¬ 
struction.  so  sure  of  its  lasting  efficiency 
and  durability,  that  we  are  able  to  guar¬ 
antee  it  for  a  life-time.  Buy  your  cream 
separator  from  the  maker  at  one  profit. 
We  tell  you  all  about  our  cream  separator 
in  the  special  catalogue  (Book  No.  21). 

Men’s  Fur  Coats  and  Heavy 
Winter  Clothing  Special 

JUST  OFF  THE  PRESS -Fur  Coots 
for  $13.65  and  up.  Fur  gloves  and  caps, 
heavy  mackinaw  and  sheepskin  lined  coats. 
This  catalogue  of  special  interest  to  all 
men  who  have  to  go  out  in  cold  weather. 
Our  fur  coat  sales  are  about  the  largest  of 
any  house  in  America.  This  catalogue 
prices  dog  coats  at  $15.95  and  up,  raccoon 
at  $48.50  and  up,  muskrat  lined  at  $48.50 
and  up.  lamb  at  $25.75  and  up,  coats  for 
doctors,  automobilists,  lumbermen,  farm¬ 
ers  and  liverymen.  Also  containing  com¬ 
plete  line  of  heavy  underwear  and  outer 
clothing.  Ask  for  book  No.  18.  You  will 
find  it  interesting. 


19th  and  Campbell  Sts.,  Kansas  City 


Chicago  Avenue  Bridge,  CHICAGO 


1911 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


881 


Ruralisms 

How  to  Tell  Perfect  Strawberry  Varieties. 

D.  B.,  Schenectady,  N.  Y. — I  am  very 
much  interested  iu  the  article  on  page  754 
in  reference  to  strawberries.  IIow  can  a 
purchaser  of  strawberry  plants  make  sure 
that  he  is  getting  self-fertilizing  plants? 

Ans. — There  is  no  practical  way  to 
distinguish  perfect  or  self-fertilizing 
strawberry  plants  from  the  pistillate  or 
imperfect  ones,  except  when  in  bloom. 
The  perfect  blooming  varieties  contain 
a  circle  of  conspicuous  anthers  or  pol¬ 
len-bearing  organs  just  within  the 
petals  or  showy  portion,  that  can  never 
be  mistaken  when  once  observed.  In 
the  pistillate  varieties  the  stamens  and 
yellow  club-shaped  anthers  are  unde¬ 
veloped,  and  no  fruits  are  borne  unless 
pollen  is  supplied  at  flowering  time 
from  some  other  plant.  As  a  rule  pistil¬ 
late  or  imperfect  varieties  have  plants 
with  .  thick,  dark  foliage  on  compara¬ 
tively  short  petioles  or  stems,  but  the 
rule  is  not  universal.  They  are  more 
productive  when  pollinated  than  perfect 
or  self-fertilizing  kinds,  as  no  energy 
is  lost  in  pollen-production,  but  they 
cannot  bear  without  outside  assistance. 
Staminate  or  perfect  varieties  are  com¬ 
monly  of  taller,  weaker  growth  and 
produce  fewer  berries,  but  generally  of 
greater  size  and  better  finish.  One  must 
rely  on  the  nurseryman  or  plant  grower 
for  information  regarding  this  important 
characteristic  of  strawberry  varieties  in 
default  of  an  examination  during  bloom. 
All  fruit  plant  catalogues  worthy  of  the 
name  indicate  the  sexual  characters  of 
the  strawberry  plants  they  offer.  If  in 
doubt  of  the  character  of  your  plants 
secure  some  known  perfect  flowered 
kinds  and  set  in  rows  among  your  beds 
in  the  proportion  of  one  plant  staminate 
or  perfect  to  three  plants  of  the  sus¬ 
pected  pistillate  or  imperfect  kinds,  v. 

Protecting  Tender  Roses. 

R.  R.  I'.,  Bellevue,  O. — I  have  watched 
each  issue  of  the  paper  in  the  hopes  that 
you  would  give  us  an  article  on  Winter  pro¬ 
tection  for  tender  roses.  I  have  tried  cov¬ 
ering  them  with  straw  and  litter,  and  last 
year  dug  them  all  up  (about  150  hushes) 
and  heeled  them  in,  but  with  it  all  I  find 
that  about  half  of  them  must  be  replaced 
each  year. 

Ans. — R.  R.  P.  does  not  tell  us  what 
these  “tender  roses”  are;  it  may  be  that 
he  is  growing  varieties  unsuited  for  his 
conditions,  or  that  his  rose  garden  is 
not  properly  drained.  If  his  roses  suf¬ 
fer  from  “wet  feet”  there  is  likely  to 
be  loss,  even  when  protected  overhead, 
and  there  is  also  damage  where  surface 
water  forms  ice  for  any  length  of  time. 
We  would  suggest  that  he  study  these 
conditions,  especially  the  underground 
drainage.  For  protection  in  our  lati¬ 
tude  we  rarely  need  anything  more 
than  a  three-inch  coating  of  rough  ma¬ 
nure  over  the  surface,  but  where  more 
is  needed  it  is  a  good  plan  to  put  a 
temporary  fence  of  chicken  wire  12 
inches  high  around  the  bed,  and  then 
fill  in  with  dry  leaves.  The  following 
method,  used  in  an  exposed  situation  on 
Long  Island,  is  described  in  “Roses  and 
How  to  Grow  Them,”  and  it  may  be 
applicable  to  the  inquirer’s  conditions: 
By  November  15  all  the  roses,  includ¬ 
ing  the  hardy  ones,  are  given  a  liberal 
coating  of  well-rotted  manure  about 
the  base  of  the  plant,  forming  a  cone 
about  10  inches  high.  All  shoots  of 
tender  climbers  are  bent  down  and 
buried,  with  or  without  a  salt-hay  pro¬ 
tection  over  the  earth,  according  to  the 
degree  of  hardiness.  All  beds  except 
the  hardy  roses  are  covered  after  the 
first  hard  frost  with  about  20  inches  of 
dry  leaves,  held  in  place  by  wisps  of 
sait  hay  or  straw.  As  a  rule  the  cover¬ 
ing  is  in  place  by  Thanksgiving  Day; 
it  must  not  be  put  on  too  early,  its  time 
of  application  depending  on  hard  frost, 
the  covering  is  removed  gradually  in 
Spring,  as  a  rule  none  of  it  before 
April  1,  and  some  remaining  until  April 
20,  to  guard  against  late  frosts.  What 
remains  of  the  manure  may  be  lightly 
forked  into  the  soil.  We  have  never 
found  it  necessary  to  dig  and  heel  in 
the  varieties  of  Teas  and  Hybrid  Teas 
we  grow  here  (latitude  of  New  York). 
Standards,  which  are  rather  trouble¬ 
some  in  our  climate,  need  special  pro¬ 
tection,  a  method  found  satisfactory  be¬ 
ing  to  dig  in  the  Fall  and  bury  in  a 
trench  lined  with  hay  or  straw,  cover¬ 
ing  with  about  a  foot  of  soil.  Many  of 
our  neighbors  wrap  their  rose  bushes 
in  straw  or  burlap,  with  a  mulch  of 
manure  on  the  ground,  a  useful  method 
with  tender  sorts,  but  the  covering  is 
often  put  on  too  early,  and  removed  too 
soon,  thus  causing  loss  of  soft  growth. 
One  can  afford  to  lose  a  few  tips,  which 


would  be  pruned  off  in  any  case.  But 
look  well  to  your  drainage,  and,  if  need 
be,  revise  selection  of  varieties.  Weak 
and  delicate  growers,  beautiful  though 
they  may  be,  are  too  uncertain  for  our 
northern  localities.  There  are  some 
exquisite  roses  that  we  feel  obliged  to 
discard,  but  we  always  find  something 
equally  charming  to  take  their  place. 

Dew  on  Foliage. 

F.  A.  W.,  Yonkers,  N.  Y. — On  page  4G  of 
bis  “Principles  of  Plant  Culture”  Professor 
Goff  makes  the  following  statement :  “The 
drops  of  water  that  so  often  sparkle  on  foli¬ 
age  in  the  sunlight  of  Summer  mornings, 
commonly  mistaken  for  dew,  arc  usually 
excreted  from  the  leaves.  When  the  water 
supply  is  abundant,  and  the  absorptive 
power  of  the  roots  is  stimulated  by  a  warm 
soil,  the  pressure  within  the  cells  often  be¬ 
comes  sufficient  to  force  the  water  from  the 
edges  and  tips  of  leaves.”  Presumably  this 
applies  to  grass.  Will  you  kindly  ask  some 
expert  in  this  field  to  comment  upon  and 
verify  this  statement?  If  what  we  see  on 
leaves  of  grass  iu  the  early  morning  is  not 
dew,  deposited  by  condensation  from  the  at¬ 
mosphere,  apparently,  we  only  find  dew  on 
non-living  substances.  If  Professor  Goff’s 
statement  is  correct,  then  we  must  entirely 
readjust  current  ideas  on  the  subject  of 
dew. 

Ans. — That  the  morning  dew  we  no¬ 
tice  on  grass  and  other  vegetation  is 
very  largely  the  result  of  the  conden¬ 
sation  of  atmospheric  moisture  on  the 
chilly  surfaces  of  the  foliage  can 
scarcely  be  doubted  when  it  is  fre¬ 
quently  observed  on  plants  plainly  suf¬ 
fering  from  drought  on  morning  fol¬ 
lowing  clear,  still  nights,  during  which 
there  is  rapid  radiation  of  terrestrial 
heat.  Nevertheless,  experiments  show 
that  the  transpiration  of  water  from 
leaves,  when  a  warm  and  very  moist 
soil  greatly  stimulates  root  absorption, 
is  often  so  rapid  that  moisture  appears 
on  the  surface  and  edges  faster  than 
evaporation  can  remove  it,  resulting  in 
a  coarse  “dew.”  This  is  frequently  no¬ 
ticed  on  soft-leaved  greenhouse  plants 
when  the  soil  is  copiously  watered  and 
ventilation  is  defective.  It  appears  to 
be  a  safe  conclusion  that  ordinary 
morning  dew  from  condensation  of  at¬ 
mospheric  moisture  is  a  reality  on 
plants  as  well  as  on  inorganic  objects, 
though  it  may  often  be  reinforced  in  the 
former  by  transpired  moisture.  v. 

Killing  the  Dandelions. 

I  have  been  interested  in  the  discus¬ 
sion  of  how  to  get  rid  of  the  miserable 
dandelion.  Perha;  s  my  way  will  help 
some  one  who  does  not  have  too  large 
a  lawn.  I  take  an  ordinary  oil  can, 
fill  it  with  gasoline,  and  squirt  from 
one-fourth  to  one-half  a  teaspoon ful  of 
the  liquid  into  the  crown  of  Air.  Dande¬ 
lion,  and  I  assure  you  that  in  three  to 
four  days  he  will  be  as  dead  as  a  door 
nail.  If  I  find  a  dock  or  a  plantain  I 
treat  them  same  way,  only  you  have  to 
be  more  particular  with  the  plantain. 
It  is  surprising  how  many  plants  you 
can  treat  in  one  hour,  and  they  are 
dead,  root  and  branch,  every  time.  You 
do  not  need  to  look  after  them  a  sec¬ 
ond  time.  If  you  are  troubled  try  this 
way.  CHAS.  IRWIN. 

Afonroe  Co.,  N.  Y. 


No  Batters 


WHEN  you  buy  the  old  reliable 
Sta-Rite  Gasoline  Engine,  you 
get  absolute  freedom  from  battery 
troubles  and  expense.  Because 
the  Sta-Rite  has  no  batteries. 

Ignition  is  furnished  by  the  mar¬ 
velous  Sta-Rite  Magneto  which 
is  built  right  into  and  is  mechan¬ 
ically  a  part  of  the  cylinder 

No  batteries  to  be  renewed 
and  ho  loose  connections  to 
stop  the  engine. 


THE  Guaranteed 
S 


Farm 


Engine 


The  Sta-Rite  Magneto  has  one  wire 
only  and  throws  a  big  fat  spark  abso¬ 
lutely  regardless  of  speed  of  engine.  And 
you'll  get  the  same  kind  of  spark  in  five 
years  that  you  do  the  first  day  All  the 
Sta-Rite  Engines  (except  the  1V4  and  3'/s 
horse  power  sizes)  are  now  equipped  with 
the  Sta-Rite  Magneto  ignition  and  yet 
prices  remain  the  same.  Full  particulars 
sent  for  the  asking  if  you  mention  this  paper' 


Sta,-Rite  is  un¬ 
questionably  the  simplest  A 
and  strongest  farm  engine  inw 

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«!SLJ 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journul  i’or  Country  and  Suburban  Homos 

Established  isso 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 

Herbert  W.  Com.ikgwood,  President  and  Editor. 

Jony  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wjl  F.  Dillon',  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Hoyle,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union.  82.04.  equal  to  8s.  Cd.,  or 
i'/i  marks,  or  10%  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Otilce  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  00  cents  per  agate  line — 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  us  j  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  lie  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  trilling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  von  must  have  Mentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

Let  Maine  farmers  remember  that  on  September  11 
they  have  a  chance  to  establish  primary  nominations 
in  place  of  the  broken  down  and  decayed  caucus  sys¬ 
tem.  Maine  is  more  truly  agricultural  in  her  indus¬ 
tries  and  future  than  any  other  State  east  of  the  lakes. 
Her  farmers  now  have  the  chance  of  a  generation  to 
use  their  power  wisely  and  get  rid  of  the  political 
leeches  and  grafters.  Oh,  if  we  only  had  such  a 
chance  in  New  York! 

* 

Since  we  published  that  article  on  tree  agents  and 
their  contracts  we  have  had  many  letters  from  vic¬ 
tims.  Most. of  the  tree  agent  nurserymen  say  bluntly 
that  they  will  hold  any  person  their  agents  may  in¬ 
duce  to  sign  and  force  him  to  pay  if  possible.  Some 
of  the  situations  are  so  arbitrary  and  unfair  that  we 
are  led  to  advise  our  readers  not  to  sign  any  such 
contract  at  all.  There  may  be  particular  cases  where 
some  old  friend  or  neighbor  acts  as  agent  where  a 
“contract”  is  allowable.  In  all  other  cases  we  should 
refuse  to  sign.  Our  advice  is  to  buy  direct. 

* 

Last  week  we  heard  from  a  Vermont  man  who  sup¬ 
plies  food  to  Summer  visitors.  Among  other  farm 
departments  the  women  folks  conduct  a  bakery.  They 
sell  wagon  loads  of  bread,  cakes  and  pies.  This  busi¬ 
ness  grew  from  the  delivery  of  a  single  loaf,  and  is 
very  profitable.  There  are  many  localities  where  town 
people  would  gladly  buy  homemade  bread  and  cake 
or  sausage.  This  might  be  made  a  profitable  business 
by  an  expert  cook.  The  article  should  be  read  with 
greatest  care  by  the  housewives  who  do  not  even  bake 
bread.  The  baker’s  wagon  often  runs  six  miles  or 
more  into  the  country  to  supply  farmers ! 

* 

The  attempt  to  discredit  Dr.  H.  W.  Wiley  of  the 
pure  food  and  drug  bureau  has  worked  just  as  we 
hoped  it  would.  The  people  now  see  as  never  before 
how  rich  men,  great  lawyers,  food  manufacturers 
and  even  public  officers  have  been  working  to  permit 
the  sale  of  poisoned,  adulterated  and  snide  food  and 
drink.  Dr.  Wiley  has  put  up  a  splendid  fight  against 
these  conspirators,  but  he  has  thus  far  been  obliged 
to  fight  in  silence.  Now  the  facts  are  out  and  the 
people  understand  them.  The  result  will  be  a  public 
demand  for  a  stronger  pure  food  law  which  Congress 
cannot  resist.  So  far  as  we  know,  one  farm  paper 
stands  alone  in  the  shame  of  openly  accepting  the 
suggestion  of  an  advertising  bribe  for  attacking  Dr. 
Wiley.  Most  of  them  have  remained  silent.  But  Dr. 
Wiley  is  all  right.  Those  who  went  out  to  kick  him 
came  limping  home  with  lame  legs ! 

* 

During  the  fight  over  reciprocity  it  was  claimed 
that  the  free  imports  of  milk  would  ruin  milk  pro¬ 
ducers  by  ruinous  competition  and  reducing  price.  The 
thing  works  both  ways.  The  Province  of  Quebec 
will  undoubtedly  increase  its  exports  of  milk  and 
cream.  At  the  other  end  of  the  country  Winnipeg 
and  other  points  in  western  Canada  must  import 
great  quantities  of  dairy  products.  We  believe  dairy¬ 
men  of  the  Northwest  will  gain  more  than  New  Eng¬ 
land  dairymen  will  lose.  But  now  that  reciprocity  is 
to  become  a  fact,  suppose  the  dairymen  who  supply 
New  York  City  with  milk  turn  all  their  powers  upon 
the  market  situation.  Control  of  the  supply  through 
the  Dairymen’s  League  would  do  farmers  far  more 
good  than  any  possible  tariff.  Such  a  thing  is,  we 
believe  now,  becoming  possible,  and  we  shall  soon 
present  a  plan  to  be  considered.  The  thing  to  work 
for  now  is  market  control. 


THE  RX_JRA.lv  NEW-YORKER 

Congress  finally  adjourned  to  meet  again  in  De¬ 
cember.  Three  main  things  were  put  through — 
Canadian  reciprocity,  campaign  publicity,  and  state¬ 
hood  for  Arizona  and  New  Mexico.  After  President 
Taft  vetoed  the  first  statehood  bill  a  new  one  went 
through.  This  grants  statehood  to  Arizona  on  con¬ 
dition  that  her  people  adopt  a  constitution  exempting 
judges  from  the  “recall.”  Under  the  “publicity”  bill 
campaign  expenses  cannot  exceed  $10,000  for  a  seat 
in  the  Senate  or  $5,000  in  the  House !  Lorimer  is  still 
in  the  Senate,  but  the  investigation  of  his  record  made 
this  bill  possible.  Congress  passed  three  tariff  bills — 
cutting  the  rates  on  wool  and  cotton  goods  and  also 
a  “farmers’  free  list  bill.”  The  President  vetoed  them 
all.  Efforts  were  made  to  pass  these  bills  over  his 
veto,  but  the  House  could  not  secure  the  necessary 
two-thirds  vote.  Thus  with  Canadian  reciprocity  farm¬ 
ers  are  left  to  sell  in  a  free  trade  market  and  buy 
under  a  high  tariff.  Thus  the  tariff  is  to  be  the  lead¬ 
ing  question  at  the  next  session  of  Congress  and  next 
year  in  the  Presidential  election.  As  we  predicted, 
Congress  did  nothing  about  parcels  post.  At  the  next 
session,  however,  we  believe  the  House  will  pass  a 
bill  making  a  start  at  parcels  post,  while  the  Senate 
will  try  to  kill  it. 

* 

“I  cannot  recommend  the  use  of  this  fruit  as  food! 
Some  day  deadly  results  will  follow!” 

Last  year  when  we  had  the  cheerful  discussion  over 
the  Wonderberry  with  John  Lewis  Childs  and  Luther 
Burbank,  we  quoted  the  above  statement  from  Dr. 
Greshof,  of  Holland.  Dr.  Greshof  was  the  most 
noted  specialist  on  vegetable  poisons.  He  found  twice 
the  poisoning  power  in  the  Wonderberry  as  in  the 
wild  black  nightshade.  He  stated  that  such  plants 
varied  in  their  power  to  secrete  and  retain  this  poison, 
depending  on  the  character  of  the  plant  and  the  sea¬ 
son.  In  response  to  this  statement  by  an  expert  Mr. 
Burbank,  we  understand,  said  “liar  and  villain.”  Mr. 
Childs  offered  to  eat  any  part  of  the  Wonderberry 
plant.  We  now  call  the  attention  of  these  gentlemen 
to  the  following  from  the  Detroit  Free  Press: 

“WONDERBERRIES” 

MAY  CAUSE  death 

Tiree  Mysterious  Cases  of  Poison¬ 
ing  at- Leonidas  Attributed 
to  Pruit. 

Battle  Creek  '  Mich;,  August  16. — 

Jar.  and.  Mrs.  Michael  Stealirian  of 
Leonidas  are  in  a  critical  condition 
from  eating  "wonder-berries''  from 
«a  bush  owned  by  ‘William  Merritt 
of  that  village,  who,  recently,  died' 
fender  mysterious'  circumstances. 

.  The  old  couple,  .both  nearly  70,  ate 
-the  berries  furnished  by  a  neigh¬ 
bor  arid  this  morning  both  Were 
found  unconscious  on  their  bedroom 
^loor,  where  they  had  lain  all  night;- 
They  are  still  in  a  state  of  coma 
fand  not  likely  to  recover. 

It  is  now  believed  that  Merritt, 
who.  died  while  on  his  way  to  a 
Marshall  doctor  to  have  Ills  case 
jliagnotfcd,  died  from  the  same 
cause- 

Personally,  we  have  no  doubt  that  the  Wonder- 
berries  were  responsible  for ‘this  sickness  and  death. 
It  is  true  that  some  people  have  eaten  the  berries 
without  ill  effect,  yet  we  fully  believe  that  the  plant 
is  capable,  under  certain  conditions,  of  secreting  this 
poison  in  deadly  quantities.  We  have  no  doubt  Mr. 
Childs  continues  to  eat  bis  daily  bowl  of  Wonder- 
berries.  That  is  his  privilege,  and  we  would  not  try 
to  interfere  with  his  pleasant  repast — but  not  any  for 
us,  thank  you ! 

* 

“Ingrate  and  liar” 

Just  a  couple  of  the  plain  unadorned  names  which 
the  New  Jersey  politicians  are  throwing  at  Gov. 
Woodrow  Wilson.  These  gentlemen  usually  whisper 
their  sentiments,  but  now  and  then  one  of  them  gets 
into  the  spirit  (or  outside  of  it)  which  lets  out  his 
real  sentiment  with  full  trimmings.  It  is  a  great  ad¬ 
vertisement  for  Mr.  Wilson,  He  has  done  more  for 
clean  politics  and  a  square  deal  in  public  life  than 
any  previous  Governor  of  whom  New  Jersey  has  any 
record!  What  a  glorious  chance  the  New  Jersey 
farmers  have  this  year  to  support  a  strong  and  fear¬ 
less  man.  They  should  pack  the  next  Legislature 
with  men  who  will  support  Gov.  Wilson  to  the  limit. 
The  reforms  which  we  need  in  New  Jersey  are  non¬ 
partisan — that  is,  they  have  no  more  to  do  with  one 
party  than  the  other.  One  of  the  best  things  that 
Gov.  Wilson  has  done  is  to  split  both  parties  into 
hard  shell  and  progressive  elements.  A  “hard  shell” 
is  of  just  about  as  much  value  to  the  State  as  a 
cement  hitching  post.  Gov.  Wilson  deserves  the  sup¬ 
port  of  every  honest  Jerseyman,  and  we  hope  the  re¬ 
sponse  this  Fall  will  be  everwhelmingl.  No  matter 
what  they  call  him.  Suppose  the  big  New  York  boss 
should  come  out  and  call  Gov.  Dix  “ingrate  and  liar?” 
It  would  be  an  asset,  if  fairly  earned,  that  would  land 
the  Governor  in  the  White  House! 


September  2, 

This  is  the  season  tor  using  lime — with  grain  or 
grass  seeding.  You  will  get  little  benefit  from  wait¬ 
ing  until  Spring  and  putting  lime  on  top  of  the  sod. 
In  order  to  get  results  you  must  work  the  lime  all 
through  the  upper  soil — therefore  broadcasting  on  the 
furrows  and  harrowing  in  is  best.  Ground  limestone 
has  a  slower  and  gentler  action  than  burned  lime. 
You  should  use  twice  as  much  of  the  limestone  as  of 
the  burned  lime  in  order  to  obtain  equal  benefit  the 
first  season.  On  a  very  sour  soil  we  should  use  the 
burned  lime  to  start  with,  as  in  such  case  the  first 
object  is  to  overcome  the  acid  in  the  soil.  On  land 
moderately  acid  the  ground  limestone  is  suitable.  We 
see  little  sense  in  the  bitter  controversy  over  the 
form  of  lime  to  use.  Reduce  them  all  to  the  cost  of 
a  pound  of  lime  by  calling  for  a  guarantee  of  lime 
with  the  price.  Buy  the  form  of  lime  which  will  give 
you  most  pounds  of  actual  lime  for  a  dollar. 

•  * 

The  “National  Soil  Fertility  League”  is  the  latest 
from  Chicago.  Its  aim  is  an  ambitious  one — to  in¬ 
duce  10,000,000  farmers  to  improve  their  methods 
and  increase  their  crops.  We  have  seen  many  schemes 
rise  and  fall.  We  think  success  is  more  likely  in 
groups  of  10  rather  than  10,000,000.  Some  people  like 
a  large  proposition.  Names  of  some  excellent  men 
are  associated  with  this  enterprise.  On  the  other  hand 
a  friend  writes  us  about  one  of  the  promoters. 

I  knew  this  party  in  Chicago,  and  other  backers  of  the 
movement.  They  are  all  political  tricksters,  and  have 
never  been  known  as  philanthropists  or  leaders  in  benevo¬ 
lent  movements.  I  may  be  mistaken,  and  hope  so,  but  this 
league  looks  to  me  to  have  the  earmarks  of  mauc  others 
usually  formed  in  advance  of  a  national  election. 

You  may  look  out  at  this  time  for  all  sorts  of 
schemes  for  working  nominations  and  preparing  for 
elections.  “Soil  fertility”  could  he  made  into  a  fine 
suit  of  clothes  to  hide  the  spots  on  a  politician. 

* 

Last  week  the  question  of  sending  more  farmers  to 
the  Legislature  was  brought  up.  The  mere  fact  that 
a  man  is  a  good  farmer  does  not  fit  him  to  make  or 
tinker  laws.  A  good  farmer  usually  has. sound  judg¬ 
ment,  and  he  certainly  ought  to  know  what  his  fellow 
farmers  need.  Other  farmers  ought  to  have  con¬ 
fidence  in  him  if  they  know  that  he  is  honest  and  sen¬ 
sible.  All  these  things  are  needed  at  Albany,  but  in 
addition  there  must  be  men  of  force  and  power  capable 
of  acting  as  leaders.  The  supporters  of  the  Collin 
bill  when  it  came  before  the  House  had  no  strong  and 
resourceful  speaker  to  answer  the  smart  lawyers  on 
the  other  side.  Many  members  had  not  studied  the 
bill,  and  did  not  understand  its  importance.  They 
were  impressed  by  the  clever  arguments  of  those 
New  York  commission  men.  The  farmers  should 
have  had  some  powerful  and  quick-witted  speaker  on 
the  floor.  It  will  not  make  so  much  difference  who 
this  leader  and  spokesman  is,  provided  he  is  honest 
and  sincere.  If  he  is  a  plain  farmer  so  much  the 
better,  but  we  must  have  leaders  in  the  Legislature 
who  can  come  to  the  front  and  impress  the  members. 
There  must  also  be  men  who  understand  human 
nature  and  know  something  of  politics.  These  men 
ought  to  see  that  farmers  or  their  friends  are  on  im¬ 
portant  committees;  they  should  study  agricultural 
bills,  size  up  the  feelings  of  members,  and  know  just 
what  can  be  done.  All  these  things  require  skill, 
courage  and  rare  tact,  and  in  selecting  a  farmer  for 
the  Legislature  we  should  try  to  find  one  who  pos¬ 
sesses  in  some  degree  one  or  more  of  these  qualities. 
The  man  who  goes  to  Albany  runs  up  against  a  tough 
game.  He  is  expected  to  float  along  with  the  party 
tide,  which  is  the  very  thing  our  farm  interests  should 
not  lie  permitted  to  do.  Therefore  we  must  have 
strong  and  honest  men  who  can  make  themselves 
heard  and  felt.  If  you  can  find  a  farmer  with  the 
courage  and  power  to  fight  he  ought  to  make  an  ideal 
candidate.  But  do  not  select  a  candidate  simply  be¬ 
cause  he  has  a  farm  which  supports  him. 


BREVITIES. 

Cull  out  the  culls. 

Do  not  let  the  soil  lie  bare  this  Fall. 

Get  rid  of  the  barn  boarders  before  frost. 

Last  call  for  vetch  and  rye  as  a  cover  crop.  . 

Weeds  are  better  than  nothing  as  cover  crops. 

The  primary  ought  to  put  the  politicians  in  the  gradu¬ 
ating  class. 

Ox  page  870  you  will  find  a  list  of  the  up-State  members 
of  the  Legislature  who  voted  against  the  Collin  bill.  If 
any  of  them  try  to  get  back — remember  them. 

A  traveler  has  just  completed  a  trip  around  the 
world  in  40  days.  A  telegraphic  message  recently  circled 
the  globe  in  16%  minutes.  Ask  one  of  the  few  remaining 
old  pioneers  how  long  it  took  them  to  cross  the  plains. 

A  reader  in  Michigan  says  he  wanted  to  tnild  a  stave 
silo,  but  was  told  that  the  silo  was  patented  and  that  he 
could  not  build  without  a  license.  We  find  that  the  patent 
referred  to  is  the  “Harder”  relating  principally  to  a  cer¬ 
tain  door  frame  construction.  It  does  not  apply  merely 
to  round  or  stave  silos  in  general. 


1911. 


'jflrlLC  RURAL  NEW-YUKKKR 


b«3 


OTHER  PEOPLE'S  MONEY. 

The  new  Lewis  bank  has  again  been 
assassinated— a  double  assassination,  too. 
Some  months  ago  the  Missouri  State 
Banking  Department  ordered  the  de¬ 
positors  paid  and  the  bank  closed,  and 
the  U.  S.  Court  has  now  placed  it  in 
the  hands  of  a  receiver.  The  old  bank 
was  also  doubly  assassinated,  according 
to  Lewis,  by  the  same  State  Depart¬ 
ment  and  a  fraud  order  of  the  Federal 
Postal  Department.  In  that  case  the 
alleged  martyr  induced  investors  to  turn 
over  their  stock  to  him  in  exchange  for 
promises  and  worthless  notes  and  stocks. 
The  Lewis  banking  experiences  show 
these  conclusions : 

1st.  That  he  does  not  operate  his 
banks  without  criticism  and  interference 
of  the  Missouri  State  Banking  Depart¬ 
ment. 

2d.  That  he  cannot  resist  the  temp¬ 
tation  to  use  the  funds  of  the  banks  for 
the  interests  of  himself  and  of  the  con¬ 
cerns  which  he  controls. 

3d.  That  he  cannot  run  a  bank  with¬ 
out  loss  to  the  stockholders. 

The  $80,000  certificate  of  deposit  in¬ 
cident  serves  to  throw  some  light  on  the 
Lewis  style  of-  finance.  He  controlled 
the  bank  or  trust  company.  He  also 
controlled  the  University  Heights 
Realty  and  Development  Co.  He  bought 
/0  acres  of  land  for  $114,000.  He  after- 
wards  sold  this  to  his  Realty  Company 
for  $537,000,  leaving  himself  personally 
a  profit  of  $423,000.  The  same  day  he 
issued  a  mortgage  in  trust  for  note¬ 
holders  to  his  bank  for  $537,000,  so  that 
personally  he  had  a  profit  of  nearly  half 
a  million,  and  when  the  notes  were 
sold  his  bank  had  the  property  subject 
to  the  mortgage  for  nothing.  The 
note  holders  took  a  mortgage  for  the 
full  price  to  the  company  on  the  day 
of  sale,  and  for  nearly  five  times  the 
original  purchase  price.  Neither  taxes 
nor  interest  was  paid.  Now  he  brazenly 
tells  you  the  land  will  not  sell  for 
enough  to  cover  the  mortgage,  and 
would  have  you  turn  the  notes  over  to 
him  after  such  trickery  and  fraud.  Nor 
was  this  all.  The  mortgage  was  so 
drawn  that  lots  could  be  sold  and  re¬ 
leased  from  the  mortgage  without  turn¬ 
ing  the  proceeds  over  to  noteholders.  It 
seems  that  this  has  been  done  in  many 
cases.  He  sold  the  notes  against  the 
mortgage  to  country  people  with  a  prom¬ 
ise  that  $6  for  every  front  foot  would  be 
used  for  improving  the  lots  or  held  for 
that  purpose.  Instead  of  doing  so  he  in¬ 
vented  the  fiction  that  notes  are  cash, 
and  deposited  some  of  the  unsold  notes 
with  the  bank,  and  issued  an  $80,000 
certificate  of  deposit  for  them.  This 
made  it  appear  that  the  bank  had  re¬ 


ceived  $80,000  cash  deposits.  If  reports 
of  the  bank  were  made  under  oath,  the 
judge’s  pointed  inquiry  would  indicate 
a  possible  case  of  perjury  or  forgery,  or 
both.  The  State  Banking  Department 
says  that  stockholders  will  lose  because 
of  bad  loans,  which  probably  means 
loans  to  Lewis  himself,  or  to  some  of 
his  concerns,  which  is  virtually  the  same 
thing.  And  this  is  the  bank  that  Lewis 
promised  would  pay  100  per  cent  profit 
the  first  year,  and  many  times  that 
amount  in  succeeding  years.  It  is  the 
bank  on  which  a  dividend  of  five  per 
cent  was  declared  recently  when  you 
were  being  urged'  to  buy  debentures  of 
the  straw-man.  What  a  pity  to  assassi¬ 
nate  such  a  paragon  of  virtue !  Madden 
would  better  get  busy  and  write  a  new 
book.  “The  Shame  of  the  United 
States”  should  be  revised.  The  shame 
is  that  Lewis  should  have  been  allowed 
so  long  to  plunder  the  people. 

DIARY  OF  FARM  WORK. 

On  a  New  Jersey  Truck  Farm. 

August  7. — This  is  strictly  a  truck  and 
fruit  farm.  During  the  busy  season  (and 
that  is  quite  ail  Summer)  the  time  for 
rising  is  five  a.  m.  On  this  particular  day 
everybody  was  in  his  place  at  the  appointed 
time.  Chores  were  done  and  breakfast 
eaten  by  six  o'clock.  Two  men  were  sent 
picking  tomatoes,  while  two  more  went 
to  pull  corn  for  market.  I  took  the  family 
horse  and  went  for  a  woman  who  was  to 
pack  tomatoes  for  us.  The  distance  being 
only  a  mile  I  was  soon  back,  and  then 
joined  the  two  men  in  the  cornfield.  The 
corn  was  finished,  loaded  and  home  by 
10.30.  The  remainder  of  the  day  was 
devoted  entirely  to  picking  and  packing 
tomatoes,  two  men  picking  till  10.30  a. 
in.,  and  four  men  from  that  time  till  night. 
Personally  I  was  all  afternoon  and  the 
major  part  of  the  ev«ning  carting  and 
shipping  the  day’s  gatherings.  When  the 
corn  was  sacked  and  counted  we  had  3,600 
ears ;  this  made  one  load.  Sixty  crates  of 
tomatoes  makes  a  good  load  ;  we  had  two 
loads,  hence  120  crates  with  a  few  left 
over,  not  packed,  to  begin  on  Tuesday  morn¬ 
ing.  Now  with  four  men  picking  more 
than  half  the  day  and  two  men  all  day 
this  may  not  seem  a  very  heavy  day’s 
work  to  many.  Then,  too,  every  tomato 
section  has  its  own  methods  and  own  pack¬ 
age  ;  hence,  1  think,  a  word  of  explanation 
necessary  to  make  it  al)  clear.  Mere  we 
pack  in  crates  holding  three-fourths  bushel 
(a  standard  package  through  all  this  sec¬ 
tion).  The  pickers  pick  the  fruit,  take 
them  to  sheds  or  convenient  shady  places, 
dump  them  carefully,  and  thinly.  Here, 
in  tliis  case,  two  women  accustomed  to  the 
work.  sort,  grade  and  pack  the  fruit,  all 
cracked,  specked  or  otherwise  imperfect 
fruit  being  thrown  out  and  fed  to  the 
bogs.  Two  grades  only  are  made,  primes 
auo  culls.  When  it  is  near  time  to  load, 
a  man  goes  ahead  and  nails  a  cover  on 
i  ach  crate,  and  another  hands  them  to 
the  driver,  who  places  them  in  the  wagon  ; 
60  crates  make  a  good  load  on  our  coun¬ 
try  roads.  They  weigh  crate  and  all  6t> 
pounds.  The  last  of  the  120  crates  went 
on  my  wagon  a  few  minutes  after  five 
o’clock,  the  men  continuing  picking  till 
6  n.  m.,  while  the  load  had  to  be  hauled 
3%  miles  before  shipping.  Thus  ended 


August  7  on  this  farm;  many  other  days 
have'  been  just  as  busy.  C.  c.  hulsart. 

Monmouth  Co.,  N.  J. 

On  An  Iowa  Farm. 

August  15. — Early  in  forenoon  our 
thrashing  was  finished.  Quality  of  grain 
was  good,  and  yield  was  greater  than  we 
expected.  After  the  machine  had  pulled 
out  into  the  road  and  disappeared  over  the 
hill,  I  went  at  the  weeds  along  the  road¬ 
side.  I  do  like  to  see  a  clean  road  along  a 
farm.  It  adds  much  to  the  appearance, 
saying  nothing  of  the  preventing  lots  of 
pestiferous  weeds  from  spreading  over  the 
farm.  Unfortunately  in  a  short  time  I 
broke  the  scythe,  so  came  to  the  house. 
Mother  wanting  some  potatoes,  I  went  to 
the  garden.  A  few  hills  filled  the  pail,  so 
I  went  over  and  picked  a  few  ripe  toma¬ 
toes  ;  passed  by  the  early  cabbages  that  a 
few  weeks  ago  between  drought,  heat  and 
worms  looked  as  if  they  had  about  given  up 
the  light,  now  have  fine  solid  heads.  This 
being  the  first  time  for  several  days  that  I 
had  been  in  the  garden,  having  been  busy 
with  making  hay  and  harvesting,  I  went 
over  to  the  strawberry  bed  that  I  planted 
last  Spring.  The  rains  started  them  grow¬ 
ing  nicely,  the  runners  are  setting  plants, 
filling  up  the  vacant  places.  The  prospect 
of  having  lots  of  Senator  Dunlap  and  War- 
field  to  pick  next  Summer  is  promising.  I 
then  went  to  see  how  the  muskmelons  and 
watermelons  were  doing.  We  will  have  an 
abundance  of  Emerald  Gem.  I  think  there 
is  nothing  more  delicious  in  the  fruit  line 
for  breakfast  than  the  Gem,  picked  early  in 
the  morning  when  cool  and  the  dew  is  on 
them.  A  heaping  platter  is  about  what 
Mother,  our  two  girls  and  myself  set  before 
us  for  breakfast.  The  watermelons  are  not 
ripe  yet,  but  I  found  a  number  of  fine 
ones  that  we  will  £oon  be  feasting  on- 

On  returning  to  the  house  I  passed  by 
the  rows  of  Concord  and  Worden  grapes ; 
they  are  well  loaded  with  fruit.  The  Wor¬ 
dens  are  now  purpling  a  little.  These  two 
grapes  are  by  far  the  best  for  this  section  ; 
at  least  that  is  my  experience.  Getting  back 
to  the  house  the  telephone  rang.  Answer¬ 
ing  I  found  that  it  was  neighbor  Walker, 
and  that  he  and  his  wife  would  visit  us 
in  the  afternoon  ;  just  the  man  I  like  to  talk 
with,  a  pleasant,  intelligent  man,  honest, 
generous  and  true  as  steel  in  principles.  We 
had  a  very  pleasant  visit  with  them.  In 
the  afternoon  he  and  I  went  down  through 
the  orchard.  He  wanting  some  crabs,  I 
found  a  few  young  trees  bearing  fruit  for 
first  time.  I  could  not  name  them.  There 
will  be  more  apples  than  we  can  use,  but 
as  we  had  so  very  few  last  year  wo  will  have 
keener  appetites  for  apples  this  year,  so  will 
roll  several  barrels  into  the  cellar  this  Fall. 
There  will  be  apple  sauce,  baked  apples  and 
apples  before  bedtime.  Supper  over,  hand 
shakes  and  good  byes,  our  friends  drove 
out  of  the  gate  and  over  the  hill.  Mother 
and  I  watched  them  until  they  disappeared 
(the  girls  being  away).  We  each  turned  to 
do  our  evening  chores.  When  they  were 
finished  in  the  twilight  we  sat  on  the  porch 
talking  over  the  offer  we  had  for  the  farm, 
if  it  was  best  to  or  not.  Now  we  are  get¬ 
ting  old  and  cannot  stand  the  shocks  and 
labor  of  former  years,  but  as  we  talked  we 
looked  down  through  the  orchard  with  trees 
loaded  with  fruit,  out  over  the  vineyard 
of  purpling  grapes,  over  the  green  fields 
we  have  seen  for  so  many  years.  We  saw 
the  cows  lying  contentedly  in  the  yard, 
saw  the  gentle,  faithful  horses  down  by  the 
creek.  Counting  these  and  the  home  we  had 
spent  years  in  making  and  adding  to,  and 
making  better,  we  found  there  was  an  at¬ 
tachment  and  love  for  it  which  would  make 


it  hard  to  part  with  it.  Then,  too,  to  go 
away  from  friends  ;  friends  we  respect  and 
through  years  of  acquaintance  we  know  are 
true  and  good.  The  one  advantage  we 
could  see  of  selling  and  moving  into  town 
was  that  we  would  have  the  privilege  of 
doing  nothing.  Mother  was  the  first  to 
speak.  She  said:  ‘T  think  we  had  better 
not  sell  the  farm.”  Just  then  a  White 
Leghorn  rooster  flew  up  onto  the  fence  fac¬ 
ing  us,  flapped  his  wings  and  crowed  as  if 
he  highly  approved  her  saving,  then  flew 
down.  We  will  not  sell  the  farm. 

BYRON  DAVIS. 


CROP  NOTES. 

Albany  County  Grange  Ficnic. — On 
August  19  the  first  annual  picnic  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Albany  County  Association 
of  the  Patrons  of  Industry  was  held  in 
Green’s  Grove  at  Alcove,  N.  Y.  Large  dele¬ 
gations  from  the  various  associations  in 
the  county  met  at  Indian  Fields  and  drove 
to  the  grove  in  a  mile-long  procession, 
headed  by  the  New  Baltimore  Band.  For 
tin;  first  event  of  its  kind  that  has  been 
attempted  by  the  county  association,  the 
attending  was  large,  there  being  probably 
2,000  people  present.  The  speakers  of  the 
day  were  :  Mr.  F.  .1.  Itiley,  Past  Supreme 
President  of  the  Patrons  of  Industry  of 
North  America,  whose  subject  was  ••The 
Advantages  of  Farmers’  Organizations,” 
and  Rev.  Mr.  Cranston,  of  Ravena,  who 
spoke  of  the  advantages  enjoyed  by  farm¬ 
ers  of  to-day  that  were  not  known"  to  the 
farmers  of  the  past  generation.  Mr.  Frank 
Stanton,  Grand  President  of  New  York 
State  P.  of  I.,  was  present.  r.  e.  b. 

Apples,  enormous  crop,  wonderfully  free 
from  insects  or  spot.  Hay,  SO  per  cent  of 
a  crop,  but  lots  of  1910  crop  left.  Oats, 
75  per  cent  of  crop,  straw  short.  Apples 
are  being  bought  about  $1.50  for  No.  1 
Duchess;  $2  is  being  talked  as  possible  for 
tree  run  of  orchard  for  both  Winter  and 
Fall  fruit,  seller  supplying  barrels  and 
delivering  at  the  railway— -an  average  haul 
of  2Yj  miles.  Starting  from  one  co-opera¬ 
tive  company  in  1907  wo  now  have  23, 
and  they  are  grouping  together  to  sell  as 
one  agency  with  a  good  man.  W.  S.  I?. 
Chute  of  Berwick  as  general  manager.  The 
companies  will  control  250.000  barrels  of 
apples,  and  it  is  likely  they  will  greatly 
extend  operations  in  the  course  of  the 
next. two  or  three  years.  Barrels  cost  us 
25  cents,  good  help  in  Summer  $26  per 
month  and  board.  Rain  has  at  last  come 
on  August  15  and  16.  j.  b. 

Berwick,  N.  S. 

We  have  had  the  worst  drought  here  in 
its  effect  on  crops  that  old  men  can  re¬ 
member.  We  have  perhaps  had  as  bad 
droughts,  but  they  came  later  in  the  sea¬ 
son,  or  began  early  and  were  broken  before 
the  growing  season  was  at  an  end.  Tills 
year,  however,  we  have  had  no  rain  of  con- 
secfuence  sfnee  the  snow  went  off  in  the 
Spring.  We  have  had  a  few  showers,  but 
in  no  case  did  they  wet  the  ground  to  a 
depth  of  more  than  two  inches,  while  most 
of  them  barely  laid  the  dust.  Coupled 
with  this  we  have  had  since  early  Spring 
abnormally  high  temperatures.  The  com¬ 
bined  effect  has  been  to  make  this  a  pretty 
desolate-looking  country.  I  do  not  expect 
to  get  more  than  one-third  of  a  crop  of 
string  beans  and  potatoes  unless  we  have 
immediate  relief,  and  it  has  been  a  hard 
fight  to  get  even  that.  Potatoes  are  sell¬ 
ing  here  for  $1.80  wholesale.  We  are  for¬ 
tunate  to  have  a  spring  in  the  pasture 
which  enables  us  to  get  water  for  our  cows, 
but  many  of  our  farmers  are  having  to 
haul  water  for  their  cows.  e.  s.  b. 

St.  Albans,  Vt. 


White  Lead  on 
the  Farm 

Iron  Work 
There  is  one 
sure  and  easy 
way  to  protect 
‘ironwork  against  rust.  Give 
it  two  coats  of  red  lead  and 
linseed  oil,  then  add  a  coat  of 

“Dutch  Boy  Painter” 

Pure  White  Lead 

and  linseed  oil.  tinted  as  de¬ 
sired,  That  is  the  method  used 
by  architects  and  contractors 
for  protecting  the  iron  work 
on  the  largest  buildings,  and 
it  is  the  one  best  way  to  treat 
every  piece  of  iron  on  the 
I  farm.  It  not  only  affords  per- 
1  feet  protection  against  rust, 
but  adds  greatly  to  the  ap¬ 
pearance  of  things. 

Our  Free  Painting  Helps.  We  will 
sendyou  free  on  request  color 
schemes  and  miscellaneous 
painting  instruc¬ 
tions.  Ask  for 
Helps  2606,  „ 

r'  * 


National  't> 
Lead  Company 


New  York  Cleveland  Chicago  1 
St.  Louis  Boston  Buffalo  I 

■  Cincinnati  San  Francisco 

I  (John  T.  Lewi*&  Bros.  Co.,  Philadelphia)  L 
*  (National  Lead  &  Oil  Co.,  Pittsburgh)  I 


RED  RIVER  SEED  POTATOES. 

We  offer  5.000  bushels  selected  Early  Ohio,  Triumph  and 
Irish  Cobblers  from  the  famous  lied  River  Valley,  grown 
from  haml-selected  seed  by  a  veteran  seed  potato  grower. 
Wise  farmers  will  not  plant  their  dwarfed  potatoes  any 
more  than  they  would  breed  from  runts  in  then*  herd  of 
live  stock.  Three-fourths  of  our  country  has  produced 
practically  nothing  but  runty  potatoes  this  season. 

$2.00  per  bu.  October  delivery,  or  will  hold  till  March 
if  ordered  and  paid  for  in  October. 

Tlie  Princeton  Gardens.  Princeton,  Ind. 

W.  J.  ltlTTEKSKAMP,  PlCS. 


Are  You  In  The  Dairy  Business 
or  Simply  “Keeping  Cows”? 

To  be  in  the  dairy  business  requires  business 
sense  and  judgment  and  in  times  like  the  present, 
when  prices  for  the  product  are  low,  the  business 
dairyman  is  looking  for  a  way  out  of  his 
predicament. 

What  have  you  done  to  offset  low  prices  ? 

You  can’t  change  the  price  of  your  product. 

You  can’t  change  the  price  of  feed. 

You  can’t  change  the  cost  per  month  of  hand 
milkers. 

The  thing  to  do  is  to  produce  the  same  quality 
and  quantity  of  product  for  less  money. 

And  the  way  to  do  this  is  to  install  a 

Sharpies  Mechanical  Milker 


One  man  will  milk  at  the  rate  of  forty  cows  per 
hour,  do  it  easily  and  thoroughly  and  you  will  make 
a  handsome  profit  even  at  the  present  prices. 

Let  us  know  your  conditions  and  we  will  advise 
you  of  a  plan  to  meet  them.  Ask  for  catalogue  “E” 

DAIRY  SPECIALTY  CO.,  Trust  Bldg.,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


PRIZE 
APPLES 
OR  CIDER 
APPLES!? 


For  the  past  four  years  the  great  state  of  Pennsylvania  has  made  a  special  appropriation  of  from  $30,000  to  $40,000  annually  to 
teach  the  fruit  grower  how  to  use  Lime-Sulfur  washes,  and  incidentally,  to  warn  them  against  the  use  of  “Scalecide,”  in  spite  of 
which  the  demand  for  “Scalecide”  lias  increased  from  year  to  year  and  apples  from  trees  sprayed  with  “Scalecide”  for  live 
years  took  all  the  first  prizes  at  the  Pennsylvania  Horticultural  Society  meeting  in  1910;  three  silver  cups,  the  Adams  County 
sweepstakes  and  20  first  prizes  at  the  meeting  of  the  same  society  in  1911.  "Which  pays  best?  Prize  apples  or  cider  apples? 
“Scalecide”  has  no  substitute.  A  postal  request  to  Dept  N  will  bring  you  by  return  mail,  free,  our  book,  “Modern  Methods 
of  Harvesting,  Grading  and  Packing  Apples,”  and  new  booklet,  “SCALECIDE,  the  Tree-Saver.”  If  your  dealer  cannot  supply 
you  with  “SCALECIDE”  we  will  deliver  it  to  any  It.  It.  Station  in  the  United  States  east  of  the  Mississippi  and  north  of  the  Ohio 
Rivers  on  receipt  of  the  price;  50-gal.  bbls.,  $25.00  ;  30gal.  bbls.,  $16.00;  10-gal.  cans,  $6.75;  5-gal.  cans,  $3.75.  Address, 
B.  G.  PltATT  COMPAN  Y,  00  Church  Street,  New  York  City. 


Straight  From  the  Shoulder 


OUR  PROPOSITION 


NOW  this  is  not  a  “ground-floor"  scheme 
or  a  “get-rich-quick"  offer,  but  if  you 
are  not  afraid  of  work  you  can  build 
up  a  substantial,  honeS  business  by  digging 
trenches  by  machine.  Machine-made  ditches 
are  demanded  by  up-to-date  farmers  every¬ 
where.  They  are  truer,  always  on  a  level 
grade.  Tiling  and  subsoiling  is  no  longer 
out  of  the  reach  of  any  farmer. 

Here  is  the  need;  here  is  the  demand. 
You  can  fill  it  and  roll  in  the  profits.  Others 
have  made  $15  to  $18  a  day — $2,500  a 
year — with  a 


Buckeye  Traction  Ditcher 

“Built  for  Strength,  Built  for  Speed, 
Built  for  Efficiency” 


You  can  do  the  same.  Two  men  are  all 
that  are  needed  for  the  Seam  machine  and 
one  for  the  gasoline.  Your  machine  will  be 
kept  constantly  busy  in  your  neighborhood. 
Propels  itself  from  job  to  job. 

Write  to-day  for  Catalog  No.  3 

The  Buckeye  Traction  Ditcher  Co., 
Findlay,  Ohio. 


884 

Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

WHEN. 

Some  day — in  future,  fairer  days  to  be — 

I'll  do  the  kindly  work  my  heart  has 
planned  ; 

Then  every  one  that  asks  shall  have  from 
mo 

The  quick,  sure  sympathy  of  heart  and 
hand. 

I  shall  obey  the  Father’s  old  command : 

To  lift  the  fallen,  comfort  the  opprest. 

To  pluck  the  thorns  from  out  my  brother’s 
breast ; 

To  open  wide  my  soul  and  cast  out  sin,  . 
And  call  good  deeds,  God’s  tenderest  angels, 
in. 

I  have  no  time  to-day  ;  but  some  time  I 
Shall  follow  where  the  Master’s  feet  have 
trod  ; 

Shall  face  the  frowning  world  with  courage 
high  ; 

Shall  learn  to  kiss',  with  chastened  lips, 
the  rod. 

And  find  in  Sorrow’s  face  the  eyes  of 
God. 

So  shall  I  curb  the  quick,  rebellious  will, 
Hear  in  iny  heart  a  low-voiced  ‘Teace,  be 
still !” 

Through  grief  most  nobly  borne  my  soul 
shall  win 

A  space  to  call  the  choiring  angels  in. 

But  O,  what  if,  on  some  fair  eventide, 

When  I  might  watch,  as  Abram  watched 
of  old, 

The  long-closed  tent  door  of  my  heart  flung 
wide 

To  welcome  angel  guests  into  my  fold 
That  they  should  find  my  dwelling  place  too 
cold  ! 

A  moldered  floor,  unknown  of  wind  and 
sun ; 

A  lamp  unlit  of  kindness  never  done; 

A  shrine  dust-strewn  with  selfishness  and 
sin, 

And,  all  too  late,  I  called  the  angels  in  ! 

Marie  Conway  Oemler,  in  the  New  York 
Independent. 

* 

Stuffed  prunes  may  be  recommended 
as  a  homemade  dainty.  Wash  large, 
fine  prunes,  dry  them  in  a  cloth,  then 
soak  for  20  minutes  in  sweetened  water. 
Drain  them,  then  stone  carefully,  and 
fill  the  cavity  with  a  stoned  date,  press 
the  prune  together,  and  roll  in  powdered 
sugar. 

* 

Spiced  blackberries,  which  are  an 
appetizing  relish,  call  for  seven  pounds 
of  fruit,  3l/2  pounds  of  sugar  and  a  pint 
of  vinegar.  Boil  for  about  half  an  hour, 
or  until  it  thickens,  then  while  it  is 
cooling  stir  in  three  tablespoonfuls  of 
cinnamon,  V/2  tablespoonful  of  cloves, 
and  an  ounce  of  allspice.  Seal  in  wide¬ 
mouthed  jars. 

* 

Fall  hats  are  to  be  very  small  or 
very  large,  say  the  fashion  papers.  The 
small  hats  have  high  crowns,  and  are 
often  trimmed  with  a  mass  of  high 
cogue  feathers.  Black  and  white  effects 
are  to  be  favored ;  black  velvet  trimmed 
with  white  lace  is  noted,  also  white 
satin  crown  combined  with  black  velvet 
brim.  The  first  felt  hats  seen  on  the 
streets  in  the  beginning  of  August  were 
the  soft  unwired  outing  hats,  chiefly 
white,  which  are  intended  for  motoring 
and  vacation  wear.  They  are  often 
trimmed  with  a  scarf  of  Scotch  tartan 
ribbon. 

*. 

New  Fall  suits  now  shown  are  very 
simple,  but  occasionally  trimmed  a  little 
with  velvet;  the  forecast  is  that  next 
Winter  is  to  be  a  velvet  season.  The 
coats  are  about  28  inches  long,  with 
mannish  sleeves  set  in  without  gathers. 
The  skirts  are  straight  and  narrow,  but 
not  as  clinging  as  they  have  been,  with 
panel  back  and  front;  sometimes  with 
an  inverted  pleat  in  the  side  gores.  The 
waist  line  is  rather  high.  Fine  serge  is 
a  popular  material,  often  with  collar, 
cuffs  and  large  buttons  of  velvet.  There 
are  some  very  attractive  “English  top 
coats”  for  women,  which  are  long, 
rather  loose  coats  of  heavy  tweed,  plain, 
heather  mixtures  and  plaids,  with  large 
collars  and  ornamen'vnl  buttons.  They 
look  very  smart,  and  are  extremely  use¬ 
ful  for  traveling,  drivti^g,  and  general 
wear.  Their  price  begins  at  about  $18 
or  $20. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


A  bill  recently  submitted  to  the  con¬ 
stitutional  amendments  committee  of  the 
Georgia  General  Assembly  fixes  good 
character  as  a  necessary  qualification 
to  vote.  Furthermore,  good  character 
is  to  be  determined  by  a  citizen’s  re¬ 
spect  for  womanhood,  for  the  bill  reads 
in  part:  “No  person  shall,  however,  be 
entitled  to  register  in  this  State  who 
is  not  declared  to  be  of  good  charac¬ 
ter,  including  such  character  as  they 
may  be  trusted  by  a  modest,  chaste  and 
virtuous  female  with  a  feeling  of  secur¬ 
ity  when  not  attended  by  an  adequate 

protector  or  in  places  of  seclusion.” 

* 

The  Cincinnati  Times-Star  tells  a 
wild  animal  story  which  shows  that,  as 
the  old  proverb  says,  where  ignorance 
is  bliss,  ’tis  folly  to  be  wise. 

A  one-ring  circus  was  once  torna- 
doed  down  in  Georgia.  The  main  top 
was  blown  down,  the  menageries  tent 
was  destroyed,  all  the  cages  were  up¬ 
set  and  the  animals  escaped.  The  man¬ 
agement  huddled  about  a  stove  in  a 
crossroads  store,  and  peered  pessimisti¬ 
cally  into  a  dismal  future.  The  chances 
were  they  would  never  get  the  animals 
back.  The  chances  were  better  that 
some  one  would  be  injured  by  the  sav¬ 
age  beasts. 

By  and  by  a  negro  approaced.  “Did 
you  all  lose  a  gi-raffe?”  he  asked. 

“We  lost  everything,”  said  the  man¬ 
ager  shortly.  “But  we’ll  pay  you  if 
you  get  the.  giraffe  back.” 

“It  oughter  be  worf  two  dollars  to  git 
dat  gi-raffe  back,”  said  the  darky.  “Pear 
lak  he  a  powahful  bad-tempered  gi-raffe. 
If  Ah  hadn't  walloped  him  wif  a  club, 
dat  gi-raffe  would  done  bitten  me.” 

“Giraffes  don’t  bite,  you  fool,”  said 
the  manager,  head  in  hand.  “Giraffes 
kick.  But  you  bring  him  back  and  we’ll 
give  you  two  dollars.” 

“Dis  gi-raffe  bites,”  insisted  the  col¬ 
ored  man.  In  a  few  moments  he  re¬ 
appeared,  leading  by  a  rope  around  his 
neck  Nero,  the  most  ferocious  man- 
eating  lion  in  captivity.  “Wo’a,”  said 
he,  jerking  at  the  rope.  Nero  stopped 
obediently  in  the  rain.  “Gimme  mah 
two  dollahs,  w’ite  man,”  said  he  “Heah’s 
yottah  gi-raffe.  An’  he  DO  bite.” 


Canning  Corn  Whole. 

Will  you  repeat  recipe  for  canning  corn 
whole,  in  brine?  mbs.  l.  p. 

The  only  recipe  we  have  for  canning 
corn  whole  is  one  in  which  it  is  put 
up  without  cooking.  Husk  the  corn,  re¬ 
move  silk  and  brpak  into  lengths  to  fit 
in  two-quart  cans.  Put  the  corn  in  the 
cans,  then  fill  to  overflowing  with  cold 
water  salted  enough  to  taste.  Be  sure 
all  the  air  bubbles  are  removed.  Use 
new  rubber  rings,  and  after  sealing 
tightly,  stand  the  cans  upside  down,  to 
make  sure  they  are  perfectly  tight. 
Store  in  a  cool  dark  place.  We  are 
told  this  corn  keeps  perfectly,  but  have 
not  tried  it.  We  should  like  to  hear 
from  those  who  have  had  experience  in 
canning  corn  whole. 


Martynia  Pickles. 

Would  sonic  one  tell  me  how  to  use  the 
pods  of  the  pickle  plant  (I  have  forgotten 
the  other  name)  ?  mbs.  e.  c.  f. 

No  doubt  the  inquirer  refers  to  the 
Martynia ;  its  pointed  and  curved  pods 
are  pickled  as  follows:  Gather  when  a 
needle  will  pierce  the  pods ;  wash  and 
pack  in  a  stone  jar,  then  cover  with 
cold  brine  strong  enough  to  bear  up  an 
egg.  Let  the  pickles  stand  in  this  for 
three  days,  stirring  up  each  day  from 
the  bottom.  Drain  and  pour  cold  water 
over  them,  letting  them  stand  in  the 
water  24  hours.  Drain  this  off,  and 
pack  the  pickles  in  quart  jars.  Boil  the 
following  spices  in  vinegar  for  10  min¬ 
utes  :  One  dozen  whole  cloves,  one 
dozen  peppercorns,  four  blades  of  mace, 
and  two  teaspoonfuls  mustard  seed. 
While  the  vinegar  is  scalding  hot  add 
one  tablespoon  ful  sugar  for  each  quart 
of  vinegar,  and  pour  at  once  over  the 
pickles,  filling  up  the  jars.  Seal  the 
jars,  and  let  the  pickles  stand  six  weeks 
before  using. 


Peanut  Wisdom  Wanted. 

Can  you  tell  me  how  to  make  peanut 
butter,  and  to  prepare  saltccK  peanuts, 
on  a  commercial  scale?  Peanuts  do  well 
here,  and  we,  having  lately  located  here 
from  the  North,  expect  to  raise  a  good 
many.  But  the  price  of  the  raw  pro¬ 
duct  is  low,  and  we  wish  to  prepare  it 
for  the  consumer,  and  get  it  to  him, 
with  as  little  help  from  the  rapacious 
middleman  as  possible.  F.  e.  h. 

Texas. 

R.  N.-Y. — Are  there  any  peanut  grow¬ 
ers  among  our  readers  who  can  supply 
this  information?  There  is  a  good  deal 
of  difference  between  making  peanut 
butter  or  salted  peanuts  for  family  use, 
and  preparing  a  commercial  product. 


The  Pernicious  Flea. 

Can  some  one  tell  me  how  to  get  rid  of 
fleas?  They  get  on  people  and  are  in  the 
beds,  and  they  hop  so  quickly  it  is  hard  to 
catch  them.  They  are  terribly  annoying. 

a.  j.  s. 

We  had  one  experience  with  an  epi¬ 
demic  of  fleas  in  Chicago  some  years 
ago,  and  certainly  agree  with  the  in¬ 
quirer  as  to  their  being  terribly  annoy¬ 
ing.  While  the  fleas  infesting  cats  and 
dogs  may  under  some  circumstances 
spread  through  a  house,  there  is  also  a 
sand  or  beach  flea  equally  annoying. 
Fleas  breed  in  dusty  cracks  and  crevices 
and  thus  they  sometimes  appear  in  my¬ 
riads  in  a  house  that  has  been  closed 
for  a  time  in  Summer.  As  control  meas¬ 
ures,  if  there  are  cats  or  dogs  in  the 
house,  see  that  their  sleeping  places  arc 
kept  clean.  Provide  the  animal  with  a 
mat  or  blanket  upon  which  to  sleep, 
and  see  that  this  is  frequently  shaken, 
and  the  dust  beneath  burned.  Rub 
pyrethrum  or  buhach  powder  into  the 
hair  of  an  infested  animal,  which  will 
stupefy  the  insects  so  that  they  drop  off, 
when  they  should  be  swept  up  and 
burned.  It  is  very  difficult  to  control 
a  bad  infestation  in  the  house,  because 
it  is  hard  to  get  at  all  the  breeding 
places  at  once.  Flake  naphthalene  is 
quite  efficacious,  sprinkled  everywhere — 
on  floors  and  in  and  around  beds. 
There  is  no  danger  in  its  use.  One  en¬ 
tomologist  says  fleas  were  destroyed  in 
a  badly  infested  room  by  sprinkling  the 
floor  liberally  with  about  five  pounds  of 
flake  naphthalene  and  closing  up  the 
room  for  24  hours.  Do  not  let  dusb  get 
into  cracks  or  corners :  sweep  up  and 
burn  it  and  use  the  naphthalene  freely, 
and  we  think  the  fleas  will  be  conquered. 


Steamed  Rice. — One  cup  rice,  three 
cups  boiling  water,  one  teaspoon  salt. 
Wash  rice  several  times.  Add  rice 
slowly  to  the  boiling  salted  water  in  the 
upper  part  of  the  double  boiler.  Let 
boil  10  minutes  on  stove.  Then  let 
steam  over  lower  part  of  double  boiler 
for  50  minutes,  or  until  rice  is  soft. 

B.  F. 

A  BOOK  to  reduce  the  cost  ot  living,  keep  well,  rid  Die  house 
of  all  pasts  ami  disease;  nursing;  everything  a  home  needs. 
Single  copies,  7Sc.:  3  copies,  $2;  10  copies,  )S.  Address  MAIIV 
K.  WILKINSON,  •u)‘.l  Wisconsin  Street,  Kenosha,  Wis. 


September  2. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  aud  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


% 


DRESS  GALATEA 

ItPaysToMeltlJp 


j  JJ  The  most  attractive, 
\\  /  dressy,  all-thc-year- 
t  jl  round  wash  fabric  on 
1/  the  market  ii  1RON- 
'  CLAD  Galatea,  made 
in  beautiful  French 
Effects,  smart  English  Welts  and 


-^fetching  Standard  Stripes,  Plaids. 
.A  Checks. etc.  Its  telling  qualities  are 

f . 


I  qu 
,  fir: 


,  its  right"  weight,  fine,  hrm  weave, 
beautiful  soft  finish,  permanency  of 
design  and  color,  its  wide  choice  of 
patterns  and  great  economy  in  cost 
and  wear.  Every  day  adds  to  the 
number  of  women  who  find  for  their 
own  and  children's  wear 

“It  Pays  To  Make  It  Up” 
More  than  %  yards  wide.  1  5c  the 
yard,  a  little  more  in  the  West. 
At  your  dealers  or  write 
us  for  samples 
Franklin  Mfg.  Co., 

Mfr's  of  Famous 
"Money  worth"  Fabrics! 

I26W.  Fayette  St. 

Baltimore,  Md. 


Try  a  Kalamazoo  Stove 

_t?d rr  in  y°ur 

— r  kitchen 

A  or  living 
room  or  wherever  it’s  need¬ 
ed.  30  Days’ Free  Trial— then 
360  Days’  Approval  Test.  The 
Kalamazoo  must  make.  good,  to 
your  satisfaction. 
Cook  stoves,  rang¬ 
es,  heating  stoves, 
gas  stoves  —  400 
styles  and  sizes  to 
choose  from. 

iy  At  Your 
Convenience 

Cash  or  credit,  just  as  ym; 
wish.  Oi.r  direct,  whole¬ 
sale,  factory  prices  save  you  $5  to  $-10  over 
tho  very  best  price  your  dealer  could  make. 
We  prepay  freight.  The  stove  is  one  you'll  bo 
proud  to  own— the  genuine  Kalamazoo 
—stove  standard  of  tho  country  for 
years.  Made  Its  own  way  and  proved  its 
superiority  in  170,000  American  homes. 


We  Ship 
the 
Stove 
the 

Day  Your 
Order 
Arrives 


A  Postal  Brings  The 
Big  Stove  Book 

Your  copy  ready— the  biggest,  most 
valuable  book  on  stoves.  You  can  t 
aiford  to  be  without  it— packed  with 

- money-saving,  liisldo  stove  facts. 

wo  will  ship  stove  tho  day  tho  order  conics— 
■  always  within  Z4  hours.  When  you  write 
a  ask  for  Catalogue  No.  Ill,  giving  prices 
|L.  and  easy  terms. 

yfj  Kalamazoo  Stove  Co.. 

Bjfl  Manufacturer*! 

LI&B  Kalamazoo  •  Micu, 


_V 

A  Kalamazoo 

Direct  toYo\i 


Direct  from  Factory,  Freight  Prepaid 
and  Guaranteed  by  the  Manufacturer 

You  can  buy  a  Gold  Coin  Stove  from  us  £5  to 
*140  less  than  dealer's 
prices.  We  pay  freight; 
safe  delivery  insured, 
polished  and  all  ready 
to  sot  up. 

“Satisfaction  or  your 
money  back  any  time 
-  within  1  year" 

is  our  writton 
guaranty. 

Free  Catalog 
— I  llustrates 
all  our  Stoves. 
G  ivet  Pr lee 
List  and  tells  our 
Plan  and  Offer. 
Send  for  it. 

Gold  Coin  Stove  Co. 

3  Oak  St.  Troy,  N.  Y. 


SAVE  HALF  Your 
Paint 

By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT  — proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 
Only  Paint  endorsed  by  the  “Grange. ’* 
Made  in  all  colors, — for  all  purposes. 

DELIVERED  FREE. 

From  the  Mill  Direct  to  You  at  Factory  Prices. 
INGERSOLL  PAINT  BOOK  — FREE 

Tolls  all  about  Paint  and  Puinting  fir  Durability. 
How  to  avoid  trouble  uud  oxpeuso  caused  by  paints 
fading,  chalking  and  peeling.  Valuable  information 
free  to  you.  with  Sample  Color  Cards,  Write  me.  DO 
XT  NOW.  I  can  save  you  money. 

0.  W.  Inyersoll,  24b  Plymouth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.V. 


HOME  &% 
Protection!;* 


Benjamin  Franklin 

ORIGINATOR  LIGHTNING  CONTROL 


THE  home  may  go.  Every 
loved  memory  may  be  ut¬ 
terly  destroyed  in  a  few 
brief  moments  by  lightning. 

How  About  Your  Home? 

You  have  a  home  and  family.  You  see  your 
children  in  terror  at  the  approach  of  every 
thunder  storm. 

Are  You  the  Have  you  taken  steps  lo 

PrndentMon?  protect  them?  Or  will 
rruaent  ivianr  your  cars  remajn  dcaf  (0 

their  cries  until  the  lightning  stroke  falls  upon 
you,  and  then  vainly  sit  down  and  mourn 
your  loss  ? 

TheDODD  SYSTEM 

oi  Lightning  Control 

makes  your  home  and  loved  ones  safe.  Two 
thousand  mutual  fire  insurance  companies 
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the  one  scientific  system,  the  only  one  with  a 
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send  you  free  the  greatest  Lightning  Book 
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lustrated  book,  many  striking  lightning 
views :  gives  theory  of  lightning,  full  explana¬ 
tion  of  lightning  control,  plain  questions 
and  answers,  Professor  Dodd’s  lecture, 
etc.  Sending  for  it  does  not  bind  you  to 
anything.  Address  to-day 

DODD  &  STRUTIIERS 
437  6 til  Ave.,  Deo  Moines.  Ia. 

West  Good 

PERFECTED  LIGHTNING 
CONTROL 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


8H6 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  patterns  and  measurements 
desired. 

The  first  group  shows  7090,  short 
semi-fitted  coat,  34  to  44  bust,  with  col¬ 
lar  that  can  be  made  square  or  round 
at  the  back.  7089,  fancy  blouse,  34  to 
44'  bust,  with  or  without  fancy  collar, 
with  back  that  can  be  made  plain  or 
with  yoke  effect.  7060,  plain  peasant 


waist,  34  to  44  bust,  with  linder-arm 
gores  extended  to  form  gussets,  with 
high  or  square  neck  or  with  chemisette 
effect,  with  three-quarter  sleeves  gath¬ 
ered  into  cuffs  or  plain  short  sleeves. 
6898,  four-piece  skirt,  22  to  32  waist. 
7094,  four-gored  skirt,  22  to  34  waist, 
with  high  or  natural  waist  line.  7072, 
six-gored  skirt,  22  to  32  waist,  with  or 
without  trimming  band  that  can  be 
made  with  diagonal  or  straight  edges, 
with  high  or  natural  waist  line.  Price 
of  each  10  cents. 

The  second  group  includes  7070,  plain 
shirt  waist  in  peasant  style,  34  to  40 
bust,  with  underarm  gores  extended  to 
form  gussets,  with  neck  band  or  round 


collar.  6905,  coat  with  round  collar,  34 
to  42  bust,  with  pointed  or  plain  back. 
7075,  semi-princess  dress  for  misses  and 
small  women,  14,  16  and  18  years,  with 
six-gored  skirt  and  straight  band,  with 
or  without  collar  and  under  sleeves. 
6816,  five-gored  skirt  with  circular 
flounce,  for  misses  and  small  women,  14, 
16  and  18  years.  7079,  child’s  petticoat, 
with  under  waist,  2,  4  and  6  years,  with 
high  or  low  neck,  with  or  without 
sleeves  that  can  be  made  short  or  long. 
Price  of  each  10  cents. 

Rice  Croquettes.— Two  cups  cooked 
rice,  one  egg  yolk,  half  cup  thick  white 
sauce.  Add  yolk  and  sauce  to  rice. 
Allow  to  cool.  Shape  into  round  balls 
or  into  cylinders  three  inches  long.  Roll 
in  crumbs,  then  in  egg,  and  in  crumbs 
again.  Fry  in  very  hot  fat.  Drain  and 
serve  with  meat  or  as  vegetable,  b.  f. 


Chow  Chow;  Sweet  Tomato  Pickles 

Would  some  good  housekeeper  give  me  a 
recipe  how  to  make  chow  chow  and  sweet 
tomato  pickles?  a.  j.  s. 

Chow  Chow. — Wash  thoroughly  and 
chop  without  paring  half  a  peck  of 
green  tomatoes ;  chop  fine  one  large 
head  of  white  cabbage ;  pare  and  chop 
six  large  cucumbers;  clean  thoroughly 
and  cut  into  small  dice  one  bunch  of 
celery  and  finely  chop  one  large  white 
onion.  Mix  all  together,  add  half  a 
cup  of  salt  and  let  stand  over  night. 
Clean  100  tiny  pickles  and  fifty  small 
silver-skinned  onions;  put  into  separate 
jars,  cover  with  strong  salt  water  and 
let  them  stand  over  night.  The  next 
morning  drain  the  first  mixture  thor¬ 
oughly,  wash  off  the  pickles  and  onions 
and  wipe  dry.  Chop  fine  one  large  red 
mango  pepper.  Put  all  together  into  a 
preserving  kettle,  add  two  quarts  of  the 
best  cider  vinegar  (dilute  somewhat  if 
very  strong),  half  a  pound  of  granu¬ 
lated  sugar,  half  an  ounce  each  of  tur¬ 
meric  and  celery  seed,  one  ounce  of 
ground  mustard  seed.  Cook  30  minutes, 
then  bottle  and  seal. 

English  Chow  Chow. — This  calls  for 
two  medium-sized  heads  of  firm  white 
cabbage,  half  a  peck  of  green  tomatoes, 
two  quarts  of  firm  ripe  tomatoes,  half 
a  dozen  green  peppers  and  two  red  pep¬ 
pers.  Chop  all  together  as  fine  as  you 
can  and  pack  the  mixture  in  layers  of 
salt.  Put  it  in  a  coarse  bag  of  burlap  or 
some  rough  material.  Lay  it  over  a 
rack  placed  upon  a  deep  keg  or  jar  and 
put  a  heavy  press  upon  it.  Let  it  drain 
in  this  way  over  night,  or  for  24  hours. 
A  pint  and  a  half  of  sugar,  half  a  cup 
of  grated  horseradish,  half  a  teaspoon¬ 
ful  of  ground  black  pepper,  half  an 
even  teaspoonful  of  ground  mustard,  an 
ounce  of  white  mustard  seed,  an  ounce 
of  celery  seed,  a  tablespoonful  of  ground 
mace  and,  finally,  a  gill  of  Dutch  mus¬ 
tard  compose  the  seasonings  and  must 
be  added  to  tfie  mixture.  After  it  has 
drained  sufficiently  moisten  the  whole 
with  enough  good  cider  vinegar  scantily 
to  cover  it.  This  chow  chow  requires 
no  cooking  and  does  not  have  to  be  put 
up  in  sealed  jars.  A  stone  crock  is  all 
sufficient,  if  kept  in  a  cold,  dry  place. 

Virginia  Chow  Chow. — This  is  an  old 
recipe.  One  peck  each  of  green  and 
ripe  tomatoes,  one  large,  firm  head  of 
cabbage,  six  each  of  green  and  ripe 
peppers,  six  large  white  onions  and  two 
bunches  of  celery.  Chop  the  vegetables 
fine,  sprinkle  over  them  a  cupful  of 
coarse  salt  and  let  them  soak  24  hours. 
Drain  all  the  liquid  off,  cover  with  best 
cider  vinegar,  stir  in  one  pound  of  dark 
brown  sugar,  one-half  cupful  of  grated 
horseradish,  two  tablespoonfuls  of  white 
mustard  seed,  one  tablespoonful  of 
ground  ginger,  one  teaspoonful  of 
ground  cloves  and  the  same  amount  of 
allspice.  Let  the  pickle  come  slow-ly  to 
the  boiling  point,  then  remove  to  the 
back  of  the  range  and  let  it  stand  for 
one  hour.  Seal  up  in  Mason  jars,  and  it 
will  be  ready  for  use  in  a  week,  but  will 
improve  with  age. 

Egg  Tomatoes  in  Sweet  Pickle. — Pour 
scalding  water  over  seven  pounds  of 
the  egg  tomatoes,  let  them  stand  for  a 
“moment,  then  remove  the  skin.  Cover 
them  with  vinegar  much  diluted  with 
water  and  let  them  stand  12  hours.  Put 
one-half  cupful  of  weak  vinegar  in  the 
preserving  kettle  and  add  part  of  the 
tomatoes,  then  some  sugar  and  any 
whole  spices,  such  as  ginger,  allspice, 
cinnamon,  cloves  and  mace,  using  these 
or  even  more  varieties  according  to 
taste.  Add  more  of  the  tomatoes,  more 
s  ,ar  and  more  spices,  alternating  the 
layers  thus  until  all  the  tomatoes  and 
five  pounds  of  sugar  have  been  used. 
Cook  very  gently,  stirring  just  enough 
to  prevent  scorching  without  breaking 
the  tomatoes.  When  these  are  quite 
clear  and  transparent,  remove  them 
carefully  and  boil  down  the  syrup. 
When  the  syrup  is  thick  strain  it  and 
add  the  tomatoes.  Boil  up  once  and 
pour  into  pint  jars  to  be  sealed  at  once. 

Green  Tomato  Sweet  Pickle. — Wash 
the  tomatoes  and  let  drain,  then  slice 
into  a  large  earthen  dish,  sprinkling  salt 
between  the  layers.  Let  stand  till  next 
day.  Pour  ©ff  the  brine  and  juice,  rinse 
off  with  clear  water,  let  the  fruit  drain, 
then  weigh  if  you  like  to  follow  the  ex¬ 
act  rule.  To  a  syrup  made  of  brown 
sugar  and  a  little  water  add  ginger  root, 
cloves  and  cinnamon  bark.  Also  tie  up 
two  or  three  little  bags  of  mixed,  ground 
spices  to  cook  with  the  rest.  Add  the 
tomato  and  a  handful  of  nasturtium 
seeds,  and  cook  till  the  tomato  seems 
tender.  The  nasturtium  seeds  should 


be  not  more  than  half  grown,  green, 
and  if  in  clusters,  so  much  the  better. 
Skim  out  the  tomato  into  a  stone  jar, 
add  a  liberal  quantity  of  vinegar  to  the 
juice  left  in  the  kettle,  and  when  it  boils 
up  pour  over  the  contents  of  the  jar. 

Green  Pepper  Canapes. — A  canape  is 
merely  a  sandwich  without  a  “lid”  or 
top  layer  of  toast  or  bread,  often  served 
as  an  appetizer  before  a  meal.  Cut 
from  stale  loaf  twice  as  many  thin 
slices  of  bread  as  there  are  persons  to 
be  served.  Trim  off  crust  and  cut  each 
piece  in  oblongs  about  two  by  four 
inches.  Quickly  saute  these  in  a  little 
hot  butter  in  a  frying  pan  until  each 
piece  is  a  golden  brown;  lay  on  soft 
paper  to  absorb  the  grease  and  let  stand 
until  cold.  Open  one  (or  mo1, re  if 
needed)  large  sweet  green  pepper,  remove 
seeds  and  white  veins,  and  chop  very 
fine;  about  half  a  teaspoonful  will  be 
needed  for  each  canape ;  also  finely 
chop  the  white  of  a  hard  boiled  egg. 
Spread  each  canape  thickly  with  stiff 
mayonaise,  and  over  this  arrange  the 
pepper  and  egg  white  in  alternate  di¬ 
agonal  lines.  Two  of  these  canapes  are 
arranged  on  a  small  plate  at  each  place. 
For  special  occasions  a  small  pimola  may 
be  placed  at  opposite  ends,  pressing  it 
in  the  mayonnaise  to  that  it  will  stand. 
They  make  an  attractive  and  toothsome 
introduction  to  the  meal. 


OFTEN  IMITATED— NEVER  DUPLICATED 


1  W  O  Silk  Dresaes 
Instead  of  ONE 


Every  time  you  decide  to  have  a  new 
Si'?v^eg?,  you  ca“  havo  TWO  instead 
of  ONE  if  you  make  it  of  Sueaine  Silk. 

This  is  how  you  do  it.  Suesine  Silk  costs  hut  39c  a  yard 
—or  less  than  half  the  price  of  coed  China  Silk.  So  for  the 
price  of  a  single  dress  of  China  Silk  you  can  get  tuo  of 
Suesine  Silt.  Years  ago  when  Suesine  was  first  introduced, 
women  of  taste  and  discrimination  bought  Suesine  Silk  for 
a  single  dress,  because  they  liked  its  value. 

Today  they  are  buying  Suesine  Silk 
again  and  again — not  alone  foronc  dress 
lmt  for  many — because  they  have  proved 
for  themselves  by  their  months  of  trial 
that  Suesine  Silk  is  the  best  silk  VALUE 
they  can  buy. 

Go  to  your  Dealer  today  and  ask  for 
Suesine  Silk.  See  that  the  words 


SUESINE  SILK 


are  on  every  yard.  Beware  of 
accepting  substitutes. 

These  substitutes  are  finished 
with  glue,  to  make  them  glossy, 
and  are  weighted  with  tin 
and  iron  dust  to  give  them 
“  body  ”.  They  look 
beautiful  at  first.  A  few 
months’  wear  will  prove  them  worth¬ 
less.  Insist  upon  the  genuine  Suesine 
Silk  with  the  name  stamped  along 
the  edge. 

We  will  send  you  absolutely  free, 
forty  -  two  samples  of  Suesine 
Silk  —  more  than  255  square 
inches  altogether. 

We  ask  only,  that,  when  writing  for 
these  free  samples,  you  will  mention 
the  name  of  your  regular  dry  goods 
dealer,  and  say  whether  he  sells  Suc- 
sine  Silk  or  not.  Please  be  sure  to 
give  that  information  in  writing  to  us. 
No  matter  where  you  live,  it  is 
easy  to  get  genuine  Suesine  Silk 


We  do  not  sell  Suesine  Silk  except  through  regular  re¬ 
tail  merchants.  But  if  we  cannot  send  you  the  name  and 
address  of  a  dealer  in  your  vicinity  who  has  Suesine  Silk, 
we  will  see  that  your  order  is  filled  at  the  same  price,  and 
just  as  conveniently,  by  a  reliable  retail  house,  if  you  en¬ 
close  color  sample  and  price,  39c.  per  yard. 

The  price  of  Suesine  Silk  in  CANADA  is  50c  a  yard. 


Bedford  Mills  Desk  8 


8  to  14  W.  3d  St.  New  York  City 


DecorateYour  Home 

with. 

WVRESCO 

If  your  walls  and  ceilings  aro 
shabby  you  should  use  Muresco. 
In  applying,  all  that  is  necessary 
to  do  is  to  mix  it  with  boiling 
water.  It  dries  quickly  and  shows 
no  laps. 

Muresco  conies  in  many  tints  and  pure 
white.  We  send  descriptive  literature  on 
request. 


MOORE’S 

House  Colors 


Preserve  your  property  by 
keeping  it  spick  and  span  with 
Moore’s  Paints. 

These  paints  are  made  by 
the  best  paint-makers  in  the 
world.  They  are  ready  to  use, 
being  sold  in  sealed  cans  bear¬ 
ing  our  name  and  trademark. 

The  Linseed  Oil  in  Moore’s 
Paints  is  pure — It  is  chemi¬ 
cally  tested.  When  the  price 
of  Linseed  Oil  is  high,  adul¬ 
teration  is  prevalent,  and  the 
individual  purchaser  (who  is 
not  able  to  subject  the  raw 
material  to  chemical  test)  is 
apt  to  be  “stung.” 

MOORE’S  Paints  and  Varnishes 
for  every  purpose. 

Roth  Muresco  and  Moore’s  Pure  House 
Paints  are  sold  by  dealers  everywhere. 

Benjamin  Moore  &  Co. 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Carteret,  N.  J. 

Cleveland,  O.  Toronto,  Can. 

Chicago,  Ill. 


Wood  Rollers  Tin  Rollers 


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886 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 


September  2, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

“THE  BACTERIAL  COUNT.” 

Probably  every  dairyman  who  has  tried 
to  make  milk  for  a  critical  market  has 
heard  of  the  “bacterial  count”  as  a  method 
of  determining  the  quality  of  milk.  We 
liud  many,  however,  who  do  not  understand 
what  this  “count"  means.  What  is  there 
to  count  in  milk  which  will  show  its  qual¬ 
ity?  In  the  following  article  we  have  tried 
to  make  this  hard  question  clear. 

Tilings  that  a  man  sees  he  generally 
manages  somehow  to  understand,  but  to 
things  unseen,  especially  when  they 
mean  money  out  of  his  pocl«^,  he  has 
only  one  thing  to  say,  “Show  me.”  My 
neighbor  down  the  road  is  an  up-to- 
date  dairyman  supplying  a  special  city 
trade.  A  fevy  years  ago  the  people  be¬ 
gan  to  call  for  better  milk.  Inspectors 
were  sent  out.  The  dairyman  had 
either  to  make  changes  or  go  out  of 
business.  My  friend  made  the  changes. 
He  put  in  windows.  He  drained  the 
barn  floor  and  the  cow  yard.  He  be¬ 
gan  cleaning  off  his  cows  before  milk¬ 
ing.  He  takes  his  milk  almost  as  fast 
as  it  is  drawn  to  a  separate  building  for 
cooling  and  handling.  He  submits  to 
the  tuberculin  test  and  stands  for  the 
loss.  He  has  been  reasonable  in  all  this 
because  he  had  no  other  choice,  and 
also,  he  could  see  the  benefits  of  such 
changes.  Now,  some  little  time  ago, 
without  an  inspector’s  visit  or  any  other 
warning,  he  received  notice'  that  the 
quality  of  his  milk  was  not  up  to  the 
mark.  Among  other  thing,  the  bacter¬ 
ial  count  was  too  high — over  100,000 
bacteria  to  the  cubic  centimeter.  Well, 
what  were  bacteria  and  what  had  they 
to  do  with  the  price  of  milk?  A  good 
deal,  evidently.  And  a  cubic  centimeter 
— how  much?  Less  than  a  thimbleful! 
And  here  was  a  dapper  little  man  in 
a  city  office,  with  an  M.  D.  tacked  to 
his  name — a  man  who  had  never  milked 
a  cow  or  worked  in  a  dairy — telling  him 
that  there  were  100,000  and  more  things 
he  couldn’t  see  in  every  thimbleful  of 
his  milk  and  therefore  his  milk  was  not 
good.  Pretty  hard  to  believe. 

But  the  bacteria  are  there  by  the  hun¬ 
dred  thousands,  the  millions,  and  the 
tens  of  millions.  They  are  living  things, 
and  in  milk  they  live  and  grow  better 
and  faster  than  almost  anywhere  else, 
and  the  warmer  and  less  clean  the  milk 
the  better.  Their  chief  business  is  to 
break  down  animal  matter  and  hasten 
decay,  and  under  the  right  conditions 
they  work  fast,  and  milk  that  supports 
them  in  great  number  is  also  the  best 
of  living  for  the  germs  of  typhoid,  of 
diphtheria,  and  of  scarlet  fever.  So 
though  most  of  the  bacteria  found  in 
milk  are  not  harmful  in  themselves,  the 
fact  that  they  are  there  in  any  quantity 
shows  that  the  milk  has  not  been 
handled  carefully,  and  its  keeping  qual¬ 
ity  is  poor.  So  to  keep  their  numbers 
.down,  the  milk  must  be  clean.  It  must 
be  kept  cool,  and  it  must  be  fresh,  for 
no  matter  how  clean  or  cool,  there  are 
some  bacteria  that  will  grow  anyway  as 
the  milk  ages.  So  there  you  have  a 
record  of  the  quality  of  the  milk  right 
in  itself. 

Yet,  counting  is  not  such  an  easy 
matter.  It  must  be  done  very  carefully, 
under  absolutely  clean  conditions,  and 
in  a  way  that  leaves  no  room  for  guess¬ 
work,  certainly  when  there  may  be  any¬ 
where  from  10,000  to  several  million 
bacteria  to  the  thimbleful.  The  inspec¬ 
tor  if  taking  the  sample  of  milk  from 
a  can,  stirs  it  up  thoroughly  first.  He 
fills  a  pint  or  quart  bottle,  packs  it  in 
ice  and  gets  it  to  the  laboratory  as  soon 
as  possible.  The  test  should  be  made  in 
four  hours  from  taking  the  sample — be¬ 
fore  the  bacteria  have  a  chance  to  get 
busy.  After  shaking  the  bottle  thor¬ 
oughly,  you  draw  10  cubic  centimeters 
into  a  tube.  From  this  you  take  just 
one  cubic  centimeter  (your  thimbleful), 
put  it  in  an  absolutely  clean  and  bac- 
teria-free  tube  or  bottle.  To  this  you 
add  enough  sterile  water  so  that  to  one 
cubic  centimeter  of  milk  you  will  have 
100,  1,000,  10,000  or  even  more  parts  of 
water  as  will  best  help  in  counting  the 
bacteria.  Then  a  substance  called  agar 
in  which  bacteria  grow  well  and  which 
in  hardening  holds  them  in  place  is 
poured  onto  a  shallow  dish  or  plate. 
Into  this  one  cubic  centimeter  of  the 


much  “watered  milk”  is  stirred.  The 
mixture  is  now  placed  in  an  oven  or 
“incubator”  for  two  days  at  a  tempera¬ 
ture  of  37°  Cent.  At  the  end  of  that 
time  it  is  taken  out  and  each  of  the 
bacteria  has  grown  a  colony  or  family 
that  can  be  plainly  seen  and  counted. 
The  number  being  counted,  is  multi¬ 
plied  by  10,000,  100,000  or  whatever  the 
number  of  parts  of  water  to  milk,  and 
there  you  have  it,  10,000,  100,000  or 
500,000  or  more  bacteria  to  your 
thimbleful,  and  if  the  job  was  done 
carefully  and  correctly,  the  man  in  the 
office  knows,  as  well  as  if  he  had 
watched  the  handling  of  the  milk  from 
the  start,  whether  there  has  been  care¬ 
lessness  or  not.  REUBEN  BRIGHAM. 

Maryland. 


Ohio  Oxex. — -I  see  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  a 
number  of  readers  want  oxen.  I  have  two 
yoke,  and  I  think  a  carload  could  be  ob¬ 
tained  iu  three  or  four  days,  perhaps  a 
week,  at  about  six  cents  per  pound ;  good 
work  cattle  that  will  weigh  2,000  pounds 
to  3,400'  pounds  to  the  yoke.  One  yoke 
of  mine  will  weigh  about  2,000,  and'  the 
other  about  2.700.  three  and  four  years  old, 
and  will  do  anything  an  ox  can  do,  the 
best  broken  cattle  I  have  ever  had. 

Vinton  Co.,  Ohio.  p.  M,  clark. 


Big  Black  Pigs. — A  new  society  of 
breeders  of  "Big  Blacks”  has  been  formed 
at  Lexington,  Ivy. ;  J.  F.  Cook,  secretary. 
This  is  an  English  breed  known  as  Large 
Black — one  of  the  oldest  breeds  on  the 

other  side.  It  is  claimed  for  these  hogs 

that  they  are  ideal  pigs  for  both  the 

farmer  and  the  bacon  curer.  As  breeding 
sows  there  are  no  pigs  that  come  anywhere 
near  them,  as  they  have  large  litters  up 
to  17  and  18  pigs  and  can  rear  14  to  15 
pigs.  The  sows  are  the  best  possible 

mothers,  as  they  have  plenty  of  milk,  and 
even  where  a  litter  of  14  are  raised  there 
will  not  be  six  pounds  difference  between 
any  of  the  youngsters  at  two  months  old. 
No  better  paddock  hog-  can  be  got.  They 
eat  very  little,  arc  easily  satisfied  and 
they  make  good  use  or  what  they  do  eat, 
the  most  important  quality  iu  any  pig. 
There  is  no  other  breed  that  grows  so 
quickly  or  fattens  on  so  little. 


are  as  much  superior  to  other  sep¬ 
arators  as  other  separators  are  to 
gravity  setting  methods.  Why  go 
but  “lialf-way”  when  buying  a 
separator  ?  Why  not  insure  satis¬ 
faction  by  getting  a  DE  LAVAL  ? 


THE  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  CO. 


165-107  BROADWAY, 
NEW  YORK. 


29  E.  MADISON  ST. 
CHICAGO. 


This  Cooler 
Requires  No  Attention 


whatever  after  the 
flow  of  milk  and 
water  is  once 
started.  The 

“Bestov” 

Milk 

Cooler 

cools  and  aerates 
milk  quickly,  abso¬ 
lutely  removing  all 
undesirable  odors. 
It  is  well  made  and 
durable,  and  very 
reasonable  in  price. 
Write  for  onr  cata¬ 
logue  II  describing 
a  full  line  of  sup¬ 
plies  for  the  dairy. 


Dairymens  Supply  Co.,  Philadelphia  and  Lansoowne,  Pa. 


ALPHA 


PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 


ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Tiie 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  g 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


QUALITY 

Is  All  That  Counts  In  A 

Cream  Separator 

If  you  put  your  money  into  some  disk-filled 
or  cheap  cream  separator,  how  long  will  you  be 
satisfied?  Only  until  you  find  tiiat  sucli  machines 
repeatedly  lose  the  price  of  a 

SHARPLES 

Tubular  Cream  Separator 

The  self-balancing  Tubular  bowl,  hung  like  a 
plummet  below  a  single  ball  bearing,  and  fed 
through  the  lower  end,  gives  Tubulars  twice  the 
skimming  force  of  others.  Tubulars  skim  twice 
as  clean.  DairyTubulars  have  no  disks 

You  will  finally  have  a  Tubular  be-- 
cause  it  is  the  World’s  Best.  If  you 
get  some  other  first,  you  will  discard  it 
for  a  Tubular— just  as  thousands  of 
others  are  doing  right  now. 

A  wasteful  separa¬ 
tor  is  expensive, 
even  as  a  gift.  We 
tell  you  positively 
that  other  separa¬ 
tors  repeatedlylo.se 
the  price  of  a  Tubu¬ 
lar  by  wasting  what 
Tubulars  save.  Tu¬ 
bulars  are  cheapest 
in  the  end,  wear  a 
lifetime  and  are 
guarante 
forever 
America’s 
est 

biggest  sep 
ratorconcer 

Is  it  not 
Common  sense 
you  to  write  us  for 
a  free  trial  of 
a  Tubular  ? 

Other  separa¬ 
tors  taken  in 
exchange. 

Ask  for  cat¬ 
alog  No.  153 

THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO, 

WEST  CHESTER,  PA. 

Chicago,  III.,  San  Francisco,  Cnl.,  Portland,  Ore. 

Toronto,  Can.  Winn  I  pci;.  Can. 


SO 

yrs 


ReduceThat  Feed  Bill 

Increase  your  milk  supply  at  the 
same  time  by  feeding  Dried  Brewers 
Grains  and  Malt  Sprouts.  Send  for 
our  valuable  descriptive  booklet  on 
Points  for  Stock  Feeders. 

Farmers  Feed  Co., 

76th  St.,  East  River,  New  Yerk  City 


Millr  PvoHtrr'prc  for  ^ew  York  City  market 
mun.  r tuuuucii  desiring  information  how  to 
form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 


XX  OR.SES 


T  HAVE  just 
arrived 
fromBelgium, 

F  r a  »  e  e  and 
Germany, 
where  I  pur- 
"  chased  an  ex¬ 
tra  line  lot  of 

STALLIONS 
and  MARES 

of  the  differ¬ 
ent  breeds, 
which  will  ar¬ 
rive  at  the 

Sharon  Valley  Stock  Farm, 

Newark,  Ohio, 

in  the  next  ten  days.  Will  be  glad  to  welcome  any 
customers  to  the  farm.  Will  also  exhibit  at  all  the 
loading  fairs  in  Ohio,  Pennsylvania  and  West  Vir¬ 
ginia,  where  I  will  be  glad  to  meet  friends  and 
customers.  Col.  G.  W.  CRAWFORD. 


STALLION  FOR  SALE  OR  TRADE. 

KUSHIKO,  Trotting  Stallion,  a  first-class  siring 
son  of  Kremlin,  is  offered  for  sale  for  $500,  or  will 
trade  for  a  first-class  “roadster  automobile.”  This 
stallion  has  a  mark  of  2.08,  is  pronounced  sound 
by  Dr.  Edward  Moore  of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  is  guaran¬ 
teed  fearless,  kind  and  gentle  in  all  harness,  and 
has  never  hurt  a  fly.  Particulars  by  letter. 

K.  B.  ANDERSON, 

Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford,  Conn. 


Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 

at  farmers’  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O, 


COD  OAI  C— Best  six  Mares  In  Beaver  Co 
rUll  OnLL  Imported — registered.  Two 
gians.  four  Percherons.  C.  F.  “ 


Pa. 
Bel- 

Mount,  Koppel,  Pa. 


DAIRY  CAT T X_. E 

ROCHROANE  JERSEY  HERD 

Write  for  our  next  price  list. 

f  Karnak’s  Noble  P  4330  C. 

Calves  from  j  Fontaine’s  Chief  P  4153  H.  C. 

(.  Rochroaue’s  Golden  Courage  852.3 

M,  A.  TRAVIS  (Supt  for  S.  M.  Beltzhoover), 
Irvington,  New  York. 


Pllfokq  Qtnplf  Farm— Registered  Jersey  Bulls 
LUICP.a  OlUL-n  r  aim  and  Heifers,  0  months  to  2 
years  old.  Chester  White,  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  Pups  and  a  variety 
Of  poultry.  Send  two-cent  stamp  for  circular. 

EDWARD  WALTER,  West  Chester,  Pa. 

Sws  HOLSTElNS 

ave  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  usod  in  tiiis  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  OORTELYOU,  Somerville  N.  J. 


AT  LAUREL  FARM 

we  have  on  band  some  half-dozen  sons  of  Ferns’ 
Jubilee,  73852,  A.  J.  C.  C.,  from  ten  mouths  down 
to  a  few  days  old.  All  out  of  good  cows.  Discount 
price  for  next  thirty  days. 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N,  V. 


Breed  Up— Not  Down^vr..Ti«SaTS 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  It.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


SIR  AAGGIE  LINCOLN  DE  KOL^K™1,1; 

way,  born  Jan.  1,  half  white,  by  Belus  Lincoln,  out 
of  Pansy  Aaggie  Queen.  Price  only  $75  f,  o.  h. 
crated.  CLOVERDALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

SHELDONCROFT 

J.  T.  RUSSELL,  Prop.  CHAS.  B.  DAYTON,  Supl. 

SILVER  LAKE,  Susq.  Co.,  Pa. 

Pure  Bred  Jersey  Cattle.  Berkshire  Swine. 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN  ASS  N  OF  AMERICA 
f.l.houghton.secy.box  io5.brattleboro.vt. 


SWI3NTE 


-‘--‘--‘■-‘■A-*--*--*-*--*--*--*-*.***  t  .  *  «,  .  »  f 

[BELTED  HAMPSHIRE  SWINE] 

4  WELL  MARKED  PICS  t 

j  CHAS.  STEWART  DAVISON  ► 
I  60  Wall  St,,  New  York  City  [ 

r  T  ■T  ▼  T  T  ▼  -T  T"f  T  V  T  T  T  T~r 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  ,  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.- 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson’s  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Piuurietor,  Marblcdalc,  Conn. 


1  ARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHW000  -  Regular  Summer 
*■  Offering  of  Bred  Sows.  Eighty  at  our  home  farm , 
8  to  111  months  old,  some  of  them  bred ;  selected  from 
large  litters  out  of  mature  dams.  $35  up.  Come  and 
look  them  over.  H.  C.  &  H.  B.  HARPENDING,  Dundee.  N.Y 


PBirCUIDKrC  Tho  WHITE  hog  which  marches 
vneomneo  abreast  with  the  Berkshire  iu 

-  all  its  good  qualities.  M0RN- 

1— ——  INGSIDE  FARM,  Sylvania.Pa. 


nas,  Berkshires,  C.  Whites. 

Fine,  large  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 
Pups,  Beagles  and  Poultry.  Write  for 
prices  &  circulars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Ercildoun  Pa. 


CflR  CAI  DUR0C  JERSEY  BOARS-One  choice 
rUll  OnLL  BROOD  SOW  bred  for  1st  of  Septem¬ 
ber  Farrow-Some  ui<-o  SPRING  PIGS.  Address 

J.  H.  LEWIS,  R.  F.  D.  No.  2,  Cadiz,  Ohio. 


miRnpC  THE  BIG’  Hi: I  P  FELLOWS 

UUflUllO  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

S11ENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 


CHELOON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
O  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNES,  Oxford.  N.  Y. 


Ohio  Improved  Chesters— Choice  Boars  for 
Fall  service  at  bargain  prices.  Pigs  not  akin. 

CROSSROAD  FARM,  Plattsburg,  N.  Y. 


FOR  SALE— BERKSHIRES. 

ALL  AGES,  BRED  SOWS,  SERVICE  BOAR. 

I  KED.  TUTTLE,  Manlius,  N.  Y. 


SHEEP 


HAMPSHIRE  DOWNS 

ling  Ewes  and  Ewe  Lambs  for  sale;  from  fine  im- 
orted  Ram.  All  registered.  Write  your  wants, 
rices  right.  W.  H,  Crawford,  R.F.D.  No.  10,  Mereer,  Pa. 

Hirui  AWH  FAPM0frers  some  choice 

niunhrtnu  r /VlVlfl  shropshires— yearlings 
and  lambs  of  either  sex.  Bred  for  type  and 
quality.  W.  F.  BLACK,  Hall,  N.  Y. 


CHDfYDCHTDF  Yearling  Rams,  Ewe  and 
AinI-v  Kam  Lambs  and  a  few 
Young  Ewes;  priced  to  sell  quick.  Write 

H.  J.  VAN  DYKE,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

REGISTERED  SHROPSHIRE  RAMS  SuV&VS 

Yeoman.  FRED.  VAN  VL15ET,  Lodi,  N.  Y. 

FOR  C  A  |  P  —  REGISTERED  RAM BOUILLET 

run  oAll  rams;  o.  r.  c.  swine. 

C.  W.  HALLIDAY,  North  Chatham,  N.  Y. 


pm  I  IT  nil  DQ— From  imported  stock.  Females 

UULLIL  rUiO  cheap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


887 


M  I  H.  K. 

The  Now  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.61 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  3*4  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


Milk  is  a  little  more  plentiful  in  spite 
of  dried-up  pastures,  and  is  made  from 
green  feed,  and  in  some  cases  feed  that 
will  be  wanted  next  Winter  to  carry  them 
through.  Price  is  about  32  cents  at  the 
farm  in  eastern  Massachusetts  when  sold 
to  the  contractor.  The  peddlers  or  inde¬ 
pendents  arc  paying  from  36  to  40  cents 
and  are  not  getting  as  much  as  they  want 
in  the  different  sections  from  which  they 
are  buying.  A.  E.  p. 

Hopkinton,  Mass. 


We  are  37  miles  by  wagon  road  and  43 
by  railroad  from  Cleveland,  including  six 
miles  by  wagon  road  ;  about  the  same  dis¬ 
tance  from  Youngstown ;  something  over 
100  miles  to  Pittsburg.  The  staples  are 
milk  and  potatoes.  The  farmers  buy 
largely  of  grain.  Poultry  is  an  industry 
here  the  same  as  every  where.  In  Cleve¬ 
land  the  consumer  pays  eight  cents  per 
quart  in  Winter,  six  or  seven  cents  in 
Summer ;  this  is  wine  measure.  The  pro¬ 
ducer  gets  at  the  present  time  00  cents 
per  100  pounds,  which  is  about  eight  cents 
per  gallon.  These  prices  change  from  time 
to  time.  I  have  known  milk  to  be  as  low 
as  60  cents  per  100  pounds,  and  as  high 
as  $1.40;  six  cents  per  quart  is  24  cents 
per  gallon.  Approximately  the  producer 
gets  one-third  of  what  it  costs  the  con¬ 
sumer.  w.  i.  B. 

l’arkman,  O. 


The  dairy  conditions  of  this  part  of  the 
country  are  not  first  class.  The  majority 
of  farmers  are  very  slack  in  their  methods 
of  selecting  their  dairy,  and  care  of  milk. 
The  majority  of  the  herds  are  very  low 
in  average  test,  3.55  per  cent  being  average 
for  a  few  factories ;  mine  is  about  3.72  per 
cent.  Two  of  my  cheese  patrons  have  built 
up  their  herds,  and  get  a  good  flow  of 
milk  together  with  an  average  test  of  4.7 
per  cent  for  season.  When  they  all  wake 
up  and  realize  that  to  keep  records  of  each 
cow  is  the  way,  then  they  can  expect  to 
increase  their  profits,  but  until  then  they 
are  keeping  “boarders”,  perhaps  without 
knowing  it.  1  have  tried  to  talk  “cow 
testing”  but  the  usual  answer  is  that 
"three  per  cent  milk  is  just  as  good  for 
cheese  as  four  per  cent  milk,”  and  no  mat¬ 
ter  what  one  says  it  is  Impossible  to 
change  their  belief.  Our  last  sale  brought 
patrons  $1,075  and  was  $.075  ahead  of  our 
nearest  competitor,  and  $.115  ahead  our 
next  nearest;  three  or  four  other  factories 
near  here  I  have  not  heard  from.  1  could 
get  more  money  per  100  pounds  for  my 
patrons  if  1  were  making  butter  and 
casein,  but  we  are  under  contract  to  make 
cheese  until  October  15.  I  can  make  butter 
that  is  in  the  class  of  specials ;  have  re¬ 
ceived  scores  of  94.5  per  cent.  95  per  cent, 
95.5  per  cent  and  95.7  per  cent.  l.  u.  c. 

Wyoming  County,  N.  Y. 


THE  MAKING  OF  GOOD  BUTTER. 

First  of  all,  we  must  have  good  milk. 
To  get  this  the  farmer  must  be  interested 
in  his  product.  To  get  him  interested  he 
should  have  money  invested  in  it.  There¬ 
fore,  if  he  has  a  share  in  a  co-operative 
creamery  company  he  can  very  easily  see 
that  the  more  his  butter  sells  for  the  more 
money  he  will  receive  in  turn  for  his  milk. 
He  cannot  expect  the  butter-maker  to  make 
good  butter  out  of  poor  milk,  any  more 
than  he  can  expect  a  good  crop  of  grain 
out  of  poor  seed.  No  one  ever  heard  a 
creamery  operator  kick  because  the  milk 
was  too  good.  To  get  good  milk  the  farmer 
must  have  good  healthy  cows,  good  feed, 
and  give  them  good  care.  The  milk  should 
be  strained  and  cooled  morning  and  night. 
If  he  has  good  running  water  to  set  milk 
cans  in  over  night,  all  the  better.  Milk 
should  be  protected  from  the  sun  as  much 
as  possible  while  on  the  way  to  creamery ; 
a  good  way  to  do  this  is  to  cover  cans  with 
a  canvas.  With  milk  handled  in  this  way 
it  should  reach  the  creamery  in  good  con¬ 
dition.  There  it  is  separated,  the  cream 
run  in  a  round-bottom  vat ;  here  the 
patrons  have  the  skim-milk  back.  The 
next  thing  we  must  have  is  a  good  “com¬ 
mercial  starter.”  This  I  put  in  the  cream 
vat  just  before  starting  the  separator.  After 
the  milk  is  all  separated  I  cool  my  cream 
down  to  about  02  degrees.  It  remains  at 
this  temperature  for  about  seven  hours, 
during  which  time  it  is  occasionally  stirred 
so  that  it  will  ripen  evenly ;  then  it  is 
cooled  down  to  about  52  or  54  degrees,  and 
held  at  this  temperature  until  the  next 
morning,  when  it  is  churned,  packed  in 
boxes  and  set  in  the  refrigerator  until  the 
following  day,  when  it  is  printed  and 
wrapped,  ready  for  shipment.  L.  F.  c. 

Strykersville,  N.  Y. 


A  MILK  INSPECTOR’S  WORK. 
Why  Dairymen  Object. 

Part  I. 


high,  the  factory  superintendent  told  me, 
few  dairies  going  below  4.3  per  cent  at  any 
time,  and  many  in  the  neighborhood  of  five 
per  cent,  with  some  considerably  higher. 
The  milk  is  subjected  to  another  test,  that 
for  acidity.  Strangely  enough  it  frequently 
runs  in  acidity  below  what  is  regarded  as 
normal.  At  some  times  the  acidity  has  run 
so  low  that  the  accuracy  of  the  test  has 
been  called  in  question,  but  with  final  vin¬ 
dication.  Bacterial  tests  have  not  yet  been 
made  at  the  factory,  but  a  laboratory  is 
being  established  for  this  and  other  pur¬ 
poses.  The  low  acidity,  however,  proves 
practically  that  the  bacterial  count  must 
be  low,  and  further  that  the  milk  must  be 
produced  under  favorable  conditions  and  in 
a  most  sanitary  manner.  The  stables  and 
appliances  are  under  very  frequent  local 
inspection  by  one  of  the  most  competent 
and  painstaking  men  that  I  have  known  in 
the  business,  who,  by  the  way,  is  very 
popular  with  the  farmers. 

A  few  weeks  ago  reports  commenced  to 
go  out  that  the  inspector  under  the  New 
York  City  Boax'd  of  Health  was  making 
trouble  for  some  of  the  dairymen  in  this 
vicinity.  Three  individuals  were  named 
whose  milk  the  creamery  and  factory  people 
had  been  oi'dered  to  refuse.  When  I  came 
to  visit  the  vicinity  I  found  that  there 
were  several  others,  quite  a  portion  of  them 
being  patrons  of  the  factory  that  I  have 
mentioned.  In  the  short  time  at  my  dis¬ 
posal  I  was  able  to  visit  only  two  of  these 
farms,  but  I  got  a  very  full  description  of 
two  others,  and  a  partial  description  of 
two  or  three  more.  Most  of  these  who  were 
called  off  have  been  reinstated,  some  of 
them  without  making  a  change  in  their 
premises.  First  I  will  mention  a  daix-y- 
man  about  whom  considerable  has  been 
said.  I  did  not  see  him,  but  he  is  described 
as  a  veryi  painstaking  man.  His  stable  is 
described  hs  being  a  good  one,  but  not  ex¬ 
pensively  equipped.  The  inspector  called 
and  scored  the  premises  while  the  owner 
was  away  from  home,  but  the  two  met 
later  and  upon  request  the  farmer  signed 
the  inspection  card,  supposing  everything 
to  be  on  the  square.  No  fault  was  found 
with  anything  except  that  the  stable  had 
not  been  whitewashed  this  Spring.  At  the 
time,  the  pump  for  whitewashing  was  two 
or  three  farms  away,  but  was  passed  on 
from  farm  to  farm  as  soon  as  convenient 
and  in  the  course  of  a  week  the  whitewash¬ 
ing  of  this  stable  had  been  completed.  I 
am  not  sure  whether  it  had  been  done  at 
the  time  the  order  reached  the  factory  that 
the  milk  must  be  refused.  At  any  rate,  the 
order  made  no  difference  with  the  white¬ 
washing.  While  I  did  not  visit  this  farm, 

I  got  the  most  complete  report  of  the 
stable  and  its  condition.  This  report  was 
from  all  kinds  of  people,  part  of  them 
farmers,  but  not  all.  Not  a  man  l’aised 
nn.v  protest  to  the  general  censure  of  the 
inspector  who  was  the  cause  of  the  trouble. 
The  farmer  in  question  has  the  highest 
reputation  as  a  dairyman  and  as  a  citizen. 
Refusing  his  milk  worked  no  great  hard¬ 
ship  in  his  case,  but  hurts  one’s  feelings  to 
be  singled .  out  and  made  to  appear  as  a 
careless  or  slovenly  individual,  especially 
when  exceptional  pains  are  taken  to  fur¬ 
nish  the  choicest  quality.  The  creamery- 
man  said  that  in  the  12  years  that  the 
milk  had  been  sold  them,  not  even  one  can 
of  milk  had  ever  been  returned  to  the 
farm.  It  was  practically  faultless.  I  saw 
the  milk  and  the  cans  as  they  were  deliv¬ 
er!  to  the  creamery  that  day,  and  the  ap¬ 
pearance  was  exceptionally  good.  The  rea¬ 
son  there  was  little  hardship  to  the  farmer 
in  this  instance  is  due  to  the  fact  that 
he  is  equipped  for  butter-making,  and  for 
reasons  of  Sunday  observance  he  re¬ 
fuses  to  send  milk  to  the  factory  on 
Sunday.  The  milk  is  kept  at  home  every 
Sunday  in  the  year  and  on  a  later  day  but¬ 
ter  is  made.  It  was  little  trouble  then  to 
make  butter  on  other  days  during  the  two 
weeks  before  the  factory  people  were  per¬ 
mitted  again  to  receive  the  milk.  The  first 
inspection  gave  a  score  of  48.  The  Bor¬ 
dens  had  given  him  81.  The  second  inspec¬ 
tion  by  tlie  city  inspector  was  71.  This 
was  after  whitewashing,  and  no  other 
change.  The  score  card  allows  three  points 
for  whitewashing.  The  stable  had  been 
whitewashed  in  the  Fall  before,  and  was 
not  seriously  in  need  of  another  coat.  J.  n. 


I  30%  MORE  CROPS  I 


fur  Special  Alf alia  Advantages 


Our  free  book  on  cultivation,  “More 
Grain  Per  Acre,”  shows  the  sure  way 
to  get  manv  more  dollars  from  your 
field.  Think  of  it,  you  intelligent  farm¬ 
ers — 30  per  cent,  bigger  crops — 30  per 
cent  more  earnings — even  better 
seasons.  Here  is  one  of 


Fetzer 


Wood- 


Bearing 

Disc 

Drills 


Rolls  the  ground  when  drilling,  packing  the 
sub-surface  and  conserving  moisture.  The 
roller  adds  but  little — surprisingly  little — to 
draft.  If  desired,  as  in  a  wet  season,  roller  may 
be  taken  off  and  used  separately.  This  drill  has 
wood  bearings  in  each  disc,  giving  lessdraft,  no 
trouble,  less  noise,  uses  less  oil,  gives  much 
longer  wear.  Write  for  free  book  No.  88. 


Delaware  County,  N.  Y.,  has  long  been 
noted  as  a  l-emarkable  dairy  county.  It 
has  been  noted  for  its  Jersey  cows  and  I 
suppose  it  may  still  be  entitled  to  some  dis¬ 
tinction  in  that  direction.  Perhaps  its 
chief  claim  to  notice  dairywlse  lies  in  the 
fact  of  its  superior  water  supply  and  pos¬ 
sibly  a  good  second  to  this  may  be  its  fine 
hillside  pastures  of  excellent  quality.  Wal¬ 
ton  is  one  of  its  especial  centers  of  milk 
production,  with  scarcely  an  equal  to  be 
lound.  'There  may  be  other  creamery  or 
factory  centers  having  a  larger  quantity  of 
milk,  but  these  are  few.  Where  a  factory 
receives  90,000  pounds  of  milk  a  day  from 
a  radius  of  four  to  eight  miles,  it  is  pretty 
certain  that  farmers  are  in  the  dairy  busi¬ 
ness  in  earnest.  I  talked  with  the  milk 
hauler  on  one  route  who  told  me  that  in 
June  lie  averaged  58  cans  a  day  for  some 
time  from  the  seven  patrons  for  whom  he 
is  hauling.  The  fat  test  of  the  milk  is 


THE  WM.  FETZER  CO..  Springfield,  IIL 


WRITE  for  ENSILAGE  FACTS 

Why  you  should  feed  silage, and  why  you  should  cut  it  with 

Blizzard  Ensilage  Gutter 

which  saves  one  mail’s  time  and  wages.  Runs  on 
least  power.  Has  improved  wind  elevator,  adjustable 
knives,  self-feed  table.  Wears  longest,  is  guaranteed. 
Write  for  ^Evidence”  and  ‘‘Why  Silage  Pays.” 
Latest  catalog  included  if  you  will  ask  for  It.  All 
free.  A  postal  card  will 
bring  them.  Write  to-day. 

Jos.  Dick 
Manufacturing 
Company 

ia.7??3  1426  W.  Tuscarawas  St. 
- 

CANTON,  OHIO 


r: 


W* 


■  sSSlir’* 


See  D.  J.  Grindell’s  Exhibit  at 
New  York  State  Fair 

From  11th  to  16th  of  September,  1911,  consisting  of 

20  Head  of  Young  Percheron 
Stallions  and  Mares 


Imported  and  Home-Bred,  Registered  Pure-Bred;  from  Yearlings  to 

Five-Year-Old 

Will  be  pleased  to  show  this  stock  to  all  prospective  buyers  and  admirers  of 
fine  horses,  at  prices  to  suit  the  times.  Prospective  buyers  will  never  have 
a  better  lot  of  Percheron  Horses  to  select  from,  and  right  at  your  home. 

Don’t  Fail  to  See  This  Stock,  Your  Price  is  Oars 


D.  J.  Grindell 


Kenton,  Ohio 


JERSEY  TtED  FXGrS 

Have  many  superior  qualities:  Small  frames,  but  lay  on 
llesh  fast;  long-bodied,  good  natured,  ensy  keepers.  Sows 
have  large  litters  and  do  not  kill  pigs  at  farrowing.  Pigs 
grow  fast — produce  350  lbs.  pork  at  0  months.  Nothing 
slow  about  this  breed — quick  money-makers.  Have  some 
extra  line  offerings  now  at  special  prices.  My  reputation 
asa  successful  breeder  baek  of  every  sale.  Write  me  today. 
ARTHUR  J.  COLLINS,  Box  R,  Moorestown,  New  Jersey 

GREEN  MOUNTAIN  SILOS 

Write  TODAY  for  Booklet  to 
CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MANUFACTURING  CO 
338  West  St.,  Rutland,  Vt. 

SILO  FILLING 
MACHINERY 

BLOWER  and  Travel 
Ing  FEED  TABLE 


“THE  BETTER  WAY** 
DISTRIBUTER 

Onrimproved patented  open 
throat  elbow  with  sliding 
door  reeulatet  the  blast  of 
your  blower  through  our 

Flexible  Distributer.  It  in¬ 
creases  tlie  capacity  of  your 
silo,  mixes,  distributes  and 
firmly  packs  the  toed  almost 
automatically.  “It  prevents 
the  spoiling  of  the  ensilage’’ 
Saves  its  cost  in  labor  over 
and  over  again.  Fits  any 
blower.  Sold  on  trial.  Thou¬ 
sands  In  use.  “Nothing  like 
lt.“  Wo  pay  tho  freight. 
Now  Is  tho  time  to  order. 
(IV*- If  you  own  a  Silo,,  write 
now  for  our  Special  Otter. 

W.  W.  BATEMAN  CO. 
146  3d  St..  Boonvilte.  Ind. 


Made 
in 

size*  to 
suit  all 
wants 
from  5  to 
15  H.P. Engine. 

Sold  on  their  own  merits. 

No  Money  Required  with  Order 

Fill  Your  Sllo--Pay  Afterwards 

WrikA  for  catalog  and  information.  A  postal  will  do. 

The  E.  W.  ROSS  CO.,  Box  13  Springfield,  O. 

A  complete  stock  of  machines  and  repairs  carried 
with  The  Fairbanks  Co.,  Syracuse,  N.Y.,  Mallalieu 
<fc  Conrey,  Philadelphia,  l’a.,  Brinton  &  Worth, 
Westchester  Pa..Fred  B. Fuller, Gouverneur.N.Y. 


Save  Money  On 

Your  Ensilage  Cutter 

Don’t  decide  till  you  get  our  prices  and  I 

facts  to  prove  absolutely  incomparable  I 

quality.  No  other  silage  cutter  cuts  en- 
silage  and  dry  fodder  so  quickly,  on  so  little  power 
at  so  little  cost  as  the  world-famous 

Gale-Baldwin 

and  we  want  to  prove  it  to  you.  Furnished  with  elevators 
to  fill  the  highest  silos.  Safety  fly  wheel ,  safety  treadle  lever. 

Cut  4  different  lengths,  cut  fastest,  feed  easiest.  With  or 
without  traveling  feed  table.  Don’t  wait  1  Write  now  for 
prices  and  Free  Book  of  Facts.  Address 

The  Belcher  &  Taylor  A.  T._Co. 

Box  75, 

Chicopee  Falls,  Mass. 


Greater  Silage  Profits 


That’s  what  you  want  and  what  you 
get  by  saving  work,  time  and  money 
at  ensilage-cutting  and  silo-filling  time 
with  one  of  the  famous 

Blower  Silage 
CUTTERS 

— three  to  thirty  tons  steady  capacity  per 
hour  on  one-half  Inch  cut.  Slow  speed,  can't 
explode  or  blow  up.  Silage  can't  wind 
around  rolls  or  slip  back.  These  and  many 
other  money-making 
features  all  explained 
in  our  tine  BOOK  FREE 
— 112  pages.  Read  what 
Farmers,  Colleges  and 
Experiment  Stations 
say.  Write  for  it  now. 
Address 

Silver  Mfg.  Co. 
Salem,  Ohio 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOR 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 
GUARANTEED  MON EY-SAVINQ 


INTERNATIONAL 

SILOS 


strongest  built.simplest  to  putup  and  easiest  operated 
on  tlie  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take-up  hoop- 
continuous  open-door  front — air-tight  door  and  per¬ 
manent  ladder  arc  some  of  the  unusual  features.  Tk« 

Intoraatlonal  Slln  (la.  113  Hula  St..  Line.rilU.  fib 

Licensed  under  Harder  Patent  on  Round  Silos. 


Some  reasons  why:  Genuine  cypress  roof 
,  and  ventilator.  Patent  doors  that  can  be 
left  at  any  height.  Unobstructed  contin¬ 
uous  opening  can  be  had  from  top  to  bot- 
I  tom  of  Silo.  Doors  always  open  at  ensilage 
I  level.  Ensilage  can  b«  shoved  out  instead 
of  pitching  it  up  2  or  3  feet.  No  refitting 
|  of  doors.  A  few  turns  of  a  nut  and  your 
door  is  adjusted.  Fastener  on  door  *3 
makes  a  complete  ladder.  Catalogue 
on  request.  Extra  discount  for  early  orders. 
INAIHLLA  81 LO  CO,  IloxB,  CnudlJl.,  A  Y. 


888 


THE  RURAE  NEW-YORKER 


September  2, 


The  Henyard. 

Come,  Mrs.  Hen,  aud  shake  yourself, 

Your  dressing  sorely  drags. 

Get  through  your  moult  and  deck  with  care 
Your  Winter’s  gladsome  “rags.” 

Jack  Frost  is  coming — hear  you  not 
Miss  Katydid's  shrill  tone? 

If  he  should  catch  you  half  undressed 
He’d  chill  you  to  the  bone. 

So  feather  up,  Miss  Wyandotte, 

Or  Mrs.  Rock  or  Red, 

Remember  how  the  price  of  eggs 
Is  soaring  up  ahead. 


The  Hen  Contest. 

We  now  have  the  egg  record  of  these 
10  Wyandottes  and  10  Leghorns  for 

July. 

Record  of  10  Wyandottes. 

Herewith  is  the  report  of  the  doings  of 
^  the  Wyandottes  in  contest.  During  the 
month  of  July  they  consumed,  or  have  re¬ 
maining  in  hoppers : 

25  lbs.  corn  at  $1.47  per  cwt . 36 

16^4  lbs.  oats  at  $1.30  per  bag . 21 

7%  lbs.  wheat  screenings  at  $1.85  per 

cwt . 14 

7  lbs.  beef  scraps  at  $2.68  per  cwt. . .  .19 
6  lbs.  wheat  bran  at  $1.40  per  cwt...  .08 

.98 

During  the  month  they  laid  124  eggs, 
seven  of  which  were  sold  for  45  cents  per 
dozen,  and  two  were  broken  in  nest.  They 
had  abundance  of  green  food  in  the  weeds 
from  crops.  I  don’t  know  how  many  pounds 
there  was,  but  it  seems  like  40  tons. 

w.  J.  DOUGAN. 

Including  the  last  report  this  makes 
656  eggs,  costing  $5.83  up  to  August  1. 
Record  of  10  Leghorns. 

During  the  month  they  consumed,  or  have 
standing  in  hoppers : 


25 y2  lbs.  corn  at  $1.47  per  cwt . 36 

16%  lbs.  oats  at  $1.30  per  bag . 21 

7%  lbs.  wheat  screenings  at  $1.85  per 

cwt . 14 

7  lbs.  wheat  bran  at  $1.40  per  cwt . 09 


4  lbs.  oyster  shells  at  55c.  per  cwt...  .02 
4  lbs.  beef  scraps  at  $2.68  per  cwt . 11 


.93 

During  the  month  they  laid  147  eggs,  six 
of  which  were  sold  at  45  cents  per  dozen. 
The  others  were  used  in  incubator.  Green 
food  consisted  of  weeds. 


,  w.  J.  DOUGAN. 

Thus  we  have  715  eggs,  costing  $4.95. 
If  we  analyze  the  record  of  these  five 


months  for  eggs  alone  we  find  the  fol¬ 


lowing  : 

Total  eggs 

Total  feed  cost . 

Feed  cost  per  egg . . . 
Feed  cost  per  hen . . . 

Hen  per  day . 

Eggs  per  hen . 


Wyandotte 
.  656 
$5.83 
.  .89  cent 
.  .583 
. 038  cent 
65.6 


Leghorn 
715 
$4.95 
.69  cent 
.495 

.032  cent 
71.5 


This  is  for  151  days.  Last  week  we. 
saw  that  there  were  148  Wyandotte  and 
160  Leghorn  chicks  on  hand.  Mr.  Dou- 
gan  expects  to  continue  hatching  eggs 
through  the  year,  though  the  per  cent 
of  “hatch”  has  been  low  thus  far. 


Ration  for  Growing  Chicks. 

I  have  a  pen  of  Single  Comb  White  Leg¬ 
horn  pullets,  23  in  number,  4%  months  old. 
They  are  fed  on  the  following  rations : 
Scratch  feed  fed  one-half  quart  in  the  morn¬ 
ing.  7  a.  m.,  one-half  quart  in  the  evening, 
5.30,  in  litter.  Proportions  of  scrap  feed,  one 
part  cracked  corn,  one  part  whole  wheat, 
one-half  part  oats.  Mash  feed  fed  two 
quarts  at  2.30  p.  in. ;  proportions  of  mash 
feed  by  weight,  eight  parts  wheat  bran,  four 
parts  rolled  oats,  one  part  wheat  middlings, 
one  part  oil  meal,  one  part  cornmeal,  one 
part  gluten  meal,  16  parts  beef  scraps. 
Green  food  consisting  mostly  of  lawn  clip¬ 
pings  fed  in  morning  right  after  scratch 
feed.  Permanganate  of  potash  put  into 
drinking  water  every  other  day.  Drop- 
boards  under  roosts  and  cleaned  the  first 
thing  every  morning.  These  pullets  are 
confined  to  a  run  six  by  12  feet,  which  is 
changed  once  a  week.  They  seem  bright 
and  healthy  and  are  pretty  large,  almost 
large  enough  to  lay  it  seems,  which  is  all 
satisfying,  but  their  droppings  are  all  kinds 
of  colors  and  very  watery  and  soft.  Some 
piles  are  dark  gray,  others  are  reddish 
brown,  some  are  light  brown  all  streaked 
with  white,  with  plenty  of  watery  sub¬ 
stance  present.  The  birds  also  have  plenty 
of  grit,  oyster  shells  and  charcoal  present 
all  the  time.  What  is  wrong  with  the  birds 
that  their  droppings  should  be  in  such  con¬ 
dition  ?  Should  they  not  be  firm  enough 
to  hold  their  shape  and  tie  of  a  grayish 
color  streaked  with  white?  m. 

Mamaroneck,  N.  Y. 

The  above  is  a  good  illustration  of  the 
mistakes  an  amateur  is  liable  to  make  in 
following  some  formula  to  feed  his  fowls. 
He  is  feeding  these  growing  pullets  a 
forced  laying  ration ;  it  is  in  fact  the  ra¬ 
tion  published  by  the  Corning  Brothers 
In  their  book,  with  this  difference,  viz.,  lie 
is  feeding  beef  scraps  instead  of  green  cut 
bone.  There  is  an  essential  difference  in 
the  two.  The  green  cut  bone  is  usually 
les  than  half  meat,  and  frequentlv  not 
25  per  cent  meat,  the  bulk  of  it  being  bone. 
Y^t  this  correspondent  is  feeding  beef 
scrap,  which  is  nearly  all  meat,  in  the 
same  proportion.  The  general  rule  is  to 
have  the  mash  consist  of  one-tenth  to  one- 
eighth  beef  scraps:  but  this  mash  is  one- 
half  beef  scraps.  No  wonder  the  droppings 
are  soft,  the  wonder  is  that  the  chicks 
can  stand  up  under  it  and  continue  healthy.  I 


The  Corning  Brothers  put  1,500  pullets 
ready  to  lay  in  a  long  house,  and  then  for 
10  mouths  feed  them  for  market  eggs,  feed¬ 
ing  the  strongest  ration  the  birds  can  stand. 
Then  instead  of  keeping  the  fowls  during 
the  molting  period,  and  losing  the  time  aud 
cost  of  feeding  for  two  or  three  months, 
they  send  them  to  market  and  put  in  a 
fresh  lot  of  pullets.  Their  breeding  fowls 
are  kejpt  separately,  and  are  not  fed  any 
such  ration  as  the  layers.  Corn  is  one  of 
the  best  feeds  for  fowls  and  with  Leghorns 
which  do  not  take  on  fat  so  easily  as  other 
breeds,  it  can  be.  made  one-fourth  to  one- 
half  of  the  entire'  ration.  I  should  change 
his  ration  by  cutting  out  the  oil  meal,  mak¬ 
ing  it  four  parts  cornmeal  and  six  parts 
beef  scraps.  Charcoal  is  one  of  the  very 
best  regulators  of  the  bowels.  I  have 
known  it  to  change  the  appearance  of  the 
droppings  and  correct  looseness  of  the 
bowels  in  five  hours’  time,  and  if  the  fowls 
do  not  eat  enough  of  it  in  its  granulated 
form,  I  would  grind  it  up  fine  and  mix  it 
with  dry  mash.  I  visited  the  poultry  yards 
of  a  man  who.  years  ago,  used  to  raise 
chicks  all  Winter  for  broilers  for  the  Bos¬ 
ton  market,  and  I  noted  that  the  mash 
he  had  mixed  for  his  little  chicks  was 
black  with  fine  charcoal.  As  I  have  fre¬ 
quently  said  no  “formula”  will  take  the 
place  of  brains  or  good  judgment  in  feeding 
fowls,  or  anything  else  for  that  matter. 

GEO.  A.  COSGROVE. 


The  Work  of  the  Pullets. 

I  have  read  with  a  good  deal  of  interest 
the  figures  in  the  hen  contest,  and  I  want 
to  tell  you  what  my  five  pullets  have  done. 
I  started  last  year  with  one  hen.  I  bought 
a  setting  of  R.  C.  R.  I.  Red  eggs,  and 
raised  11  chickens,  six  roosters  and  five 
pullets.  I  kept  the  five  pullets  and  one 
rooster  and  they  commenced  laying  the 
middle  of  November  last.  I  did  not  think 
about  their  being  anything  extra,  so  did 
not  keep  any  record  of  eggs,  but  they  laid 
right  along  through  all  kinds  of  weather, 
sometimes  receiving  five  eggs  from  the  five 
pullets  in  the  coldest  of  weather.  T  have 
numbered  my  hens,  for  convenience.  Nos,  1. 
2,  3.  4  and  5.  No.  1  was  set  January  17 
and  hatched.  February  7,  13  chickens  out  of 
13  eggs;  commenced  laying  again  March  14; 
laid  18  eggs.  Was  set  second  time  April  11, 
hatched  12  chickens  out  of  13  eggs.  Com¬ 
menced  laying  May  27.  laid  16  eggs ;  set 
June  12.  third  time,  hatched  July  3.  13 
chickens  out  of  13  eggs,  and  she  looks  to  me 
as  if  she  would  lay  in  about  a  week.  No.  2 
hen  was  set  March  13.  hatched  April  3,  13 
chickens  out  of  13  eggs,  commenced  laying 
May  13,  laid  17  eggs;  set  second  time  .Tune 
1;  hatched  11  chickens  June  22  out  of  13 
eggs.  No.  3  hen  was  set  April  9.  hatched 
April  30.  10  chickens  out  of  13  eggs;  com¬ 
menced  to  lay  May  29.  laid  18  eggs;  set 
June  17,  second  time,  hatched  July  8,  11 
chickens  out  of  13  eggs;  commenced  laying 
August  8.  No.  4  hen  set  April  13.  hatched 
May  4.  10  chickens  out  of  13  eggs;  com¬ 
menced  laying  June  6;  laid  12  eggs;  set 
second  time  .Tune  21.  hatched  .Tilly  12.  nine 
chickens  out  of  13  eggs;  commenced  laying 
August  12.  No.  5  was  set  May  9.  hatched 
May  30.  10  chickens  out  of  13  eggs;  com¬ 
menced  laying  .Tune  28;  laid  17  eggs;  set 
second  time  July  IS.  hatched  August  8, 
seven  chickens  out  of  15  eggs.  In  all  T 
have  hatched  119  chickens  and  have  on 
hand  70.  including  eight  that  T  killed  and 
sold,  that  have  passed  the  critical  stage, 
and  seven  just  hatched  this  week ;  20  of 
the  remaining  42  died  in  the  very  hot 
month  of  July  and  seven  were  killed  by  I 
dogs.  I  am  sorry  about  one  thing;  I  did  not 
keep  a  record  of  the  cost  of  food,  tint  I  am 
positive  I  have  not  spent  over  25  cents 
per  week  for  grain  ;  that  and  what  I  threw 
out  from  the  house  has  been  a  plenty.  I 
fully  expect  all  five  hens  to  set  and  raise 
one  more  litter  of  chickens  before  the  mid¬ 
dle  of  November,  which  will  be  one  year 
from  the  time  they  commenced  laying,  and 
I  think  it  perfectly  reasonable  to  expect 
that  I  will  raise  over  100  in  all  from  the 
five  pullets.  The  eight  that  I  sold  I  got  $1 
each  for.  and  they  weighed  from  two  pounds 
to  2 V2  pounds  each,  and  40  of  the  chickens 
I  have  on  hand  are  worth  $t  each  any  day. 

I  want  to  kill  them,  but  most  of  them  are 
pullets  and  those  I  am  going  to  keep.  The 
pullet  I  hatched  on  February  7  laid  to-day 
for  the  first  time,  being  six  months  and 
one  week  old.  h.  c.  l. 

Port  Chester.  N.  Y. 


Edwards  Interlocking 
“Reo”  Steel  Shingles 


Write  today  for  our  Big  Free  Catalog  No.  973,  which 
gives  full  details  about  Edwards  Interlocking  Reo 
Steel  Shingles  and  other  metal  roofing  and  materials 
made  by  us.  It  tells  you  all  ebout  the  Ten  Thousand 
Dollnr  Guaranty  Bond,  which  insures  every  Edwards 
"Reo”  Steel  Shingle  Roof  aguiust  destruction  by 
lightning  for  all  time. 

Edwards  "Reo”  Steel  Shingles  are  made  of  high- 
grade  Bessemer  Steel  in  sheets  5  to  12  feet  long  and 
24  inches  wide.  Either  painted  or  galvanized  steel  and 
nil  ready  to  put  on.  You  can  easily  put  them  on  your¬ 
self.  Only  hummer  and  nails  required. 

We  have  a  Special  Cash  Money-Making  Propo¬ 
sition  for  the  man  who  writes  for  it,  in  each  commu¬ 
nity.  If  any  of  your  buildings  need  roofing,  you  are 
the  man. 

Send  dimensions  of  your  buildings  and  we  will  quote 
you  cost  of  an  Edwards  Roof— freight  prepaid. 

Write  for  offer— NOW. 


Tiie  Edwards  Mfg.  Co.,  923-973Lock  St.,  Cincinnati, 0. 

Largest  Manufacturers  of  Steel 
Roofing  Material  In  the  World  (50) 


[And  You 

Keep  This 


Great  Engine 


We  will  ship  you  Schmidt’s  Chilled 
Cylinder  Gasoline  Engine  on  your  simple 


request  without  an  order  or  any  promise  from 
you.  You  use  the  engine  10  entire  days — use 
it  all  you  want  to.  Then,  if  you  don’t  want 
it,  send  it  back  at  our  expense.  If  you  wish 
to  keep  it,  pay  us  only  $7.50  and  you  can  pay 
the  rest  in  the  easiest  monthly  payments. 


We  Send  This  Engine  Free 

We  do  this  to  prove  that  it’s  the  greatest 
air  cooled  3  horse  power  engine  on  earth.  We 
want  you  to  see  for  yourself  that  is  better  than 
any  other  engine  that  costs  twice  and  three 
times  as  much.  It  is  the  only  engine  with  the 
marvelous,  powerful  chiiled  cylinder.  The  only 
engine  for  farm  use  with  a  spark  retarder.  The 
new  type  gasoline  engine  that  has  revolution¬ 
ized  the  gasoline  engine  industry.  The  only 
engine  good  enough  to  send  out  on  actual  free 
trial  without  paying  a  single  penny  down. 


Ten  Days 
Free  Trial 

This  is  the  first 
genuine  free  trial 
ever  offered  on  a 
gasoline  engine 
for  farm  and  shop 
use.  Wewantyou 
to  see  tha  t  women 
and  children  can 
run  this  engine. 
Use  the  engine  to  run 
your  pumps  and  any 
i’s  Work  Easy  machinery  you  have. 

Take  a  Long  Time  to  Pay 

If  you  like  this  engine  after  tryingitoutforlO 
whole  days,  you  can  keep  it  and  take  a  long 
time  to  pay  for  it  on  easy  monthly  payments. 
Schmidt's  Chilled  Cylinder  Gasoline  Engine  is 
absolutely  guaranteed  five  years  in  every  part. 
The  biggest  bank  in  Iowa  backs  our  SI 000  chalienge  ofier 
on  our  engines.  Write  to  us  promptly  for  particulars  and  we 
will  send  you  our  valuable  book,  How  to  Use  Power"  free. 

Schmidt  Bros.  Co.  Engine  Works 

DEPARTMENT  4298  DAVENPORT,  IOWA 


Makes 


Bigger  Profits 
With  This  Power 


More  work  at  less  expense  and  less 
cost  than  with  any  other  engine  made, 
proveit.  Wrltel'or  Free Leffel  Book.  Youarenot 
prepared  to  buy  until 

Leffel 

Steam 

Engines 

are  the  simplest, 
most  durable,  and 
economical  power 
outfits  made.  Largo 
variety  of  uses.  No 
breakdowns,  no  de-^ 
lays.  Don’t  decide 
on  any  outfit 
you  Ret 
FREE 

Address 

James  Leffel  k 


New  Wheels 

lor  the  Old  Wagon 

Letus  fit  your  old  wagon  with’^Electric’* 
_  steel  wheels  and  make  it  strong  and 
good  as  new.  Another  wagon  life 
and  a  real  handy  tcagon  just  by 
buying  wheels.  Broad  tires,  never 
any  resetting,  no  drying  apart,  rat¬ 
tling  or  coming  loose.  Free  book  gives 
particulars  and  shows  how  it  pays  big 
to  fit  up  old  wagons  with  the  long-life 
Electric  Steel  Wheels.  Write  for  copy. 
ELECTRIC  WHEEL  CO.,  BOX  48  QUINCt.  ILL. 

■Bsugreragwra 


CLARKS  CIDER 

FARMERS' 

FAVORITE  MILLS 

are  simple,  strong,  durable, 
and  easy  to  clean ;  give  perfect 
satisfaction.  Produce  greatest 
results  with  the  least  effort 
from  same  amount  of  fruit 
than  any  others.  Send  today  for 
free  Booklet  with  prices,  etc. 

CUTAWAY  HARROW  CO. 
839  Main  St.,  Higganum,  Conn. 


Strongest,  Heaviest,  Most  Durable  Galvanized 

STEEL  FENCE  POST 

made.  Will  not  rot,  rust  nor  burn.  Any 
length,  holds  any  wire  fence,  lower  base 
removable.  May  be  driven  or  anchored. 
For  farms,  railroads,  vineyards  and 
lawns.  Six-foot  posts  25  cents. 
Catalogue  Free 

KENT  STEEL  FENCE  POST  COMPANY 
108  School  Street  Kent,  Ohio 


MAKE  HENS  LAYH 

more  eggs;  larger,  more  vigorous  chicks; 
heavier  fowls,  by  feeding  cut  bone. 

lUAftlll’C  LATEST  MODEL 

ITIAIbII  O  bone  cutter 

_  cuts  fast,  easy,  fine ;  never  clogs. 

tO  Days’  Free  Trial.  No  money  in  advance.  Book  free. 

iF.W.MANN  CO. .Box  1  6,  MILFORD,  MASS,  m 


Pfllll  TRYMPW“I,on't  fail  to  secure  Stock  and 
rUULI  11  I  IVlLll  Eggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 
FAST  DONEGAL  POULT  It  Y  YARDS,  Marietta.  Pa. 


State  Fair 

Syracuse,  New  York 

September  11-16,  1911 

Agricultural  and 
Industrial  Exhibition 

Demonstrations  and  Illustrated 
Lectures  in  Many  Departments 

President  Wm.  H.  Taft  and 
Gov.  John  A.  Dix  to  Speak 

Grand  Circuit  Races 
Automobile  Races 
Aeroplane  Flights 

Concerts  by  Pryor’s  Band 

Send  for  Prize  List 


FUMA 


uniM  a  kills  Prairie  Dogs, 
m  m  m  Woodchucks,  Gophers, 

and  Grain  Insects. 
"The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  yon  can  stop  their 

Swith  “Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  are  doing. 

EDWAItD  R.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Tan,  N.  Y. 

EVERY  LOUSY  HEN 

is  losing  real  money  for  you.  You  can’t 
expect  your  iice-infested  liens  to  havo 
vitality  enough  left  to  produce  eggs. 
Every  egg  you  DON’T  get  is  so  much 
money  lost.  Bulletin  No.  33,  sent  free  to 
anyone,  tells  “  How  to  Keep  Vermin 
Away  Permanently,”  saving  monthly  ex¬ 
penses  for  Whitewash,  Kerosene,  Insect 
Powders.  Lice  Killers,  etc.  Write  us  today 
CARBOLINEUM  WOOD  PRESERVING  CO. 
182  Franklin  Street,  New  Ynrk  City 


7fifi  S.  C.  W.  LEGHORNS— Annual  Sale  of  Tlior- 
I  UU  otighbred  Yearlings  and  Two-Year-Olds. 
F.  B.  Dilts,  Maple  Spring  Farm,  Flemington,  N.  J. 

FOR  QAT  F~350  March  and  April  Hatch  S.  C. 
I  VJ IV  OrtLL  w  LEGHORN  PULLETS  from 
good  laying  stock.  Address  B.  B.  Chase,  Wyoming,  Del. 

FOR  QAIF~SingIe  Comb  Buff  leghorns 

1  OrVLil-i  (hens);  also  Indian  Runner  Ducks; 
$1.00  apiece  up.  CHAS.  C.  RODNEY,  Hartly,  Del. 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHOltNS— Write 
at  once  if  you  wish  stock  from  our  “mammoth 
utility”  strain  of  heaviest  layers  and  the  most  suc¬ 
cessful  and  probably  the  best  known  egg  farm  on 
Long  Island.  "Quality”  prices  not  considered- 
quick  moving  prices  are.  THORNEHAVEN  POUL 
TRY  FARM,  Shelter  Island  Heights,  N.  Y. 


S.C.W.  LEGHORNS  Hens  for  Sale 

Suitable  for  foundation  stock.  $1.00  each  in  lots  of 
100  or  more.  Small  lots,  $2.00  each. 

Yearling  Cocks,  Early  Cockerels  and  Pullets. 
MOUNT  PLEASANT  FARM,  HAVRE  DE  GRACE.  MO. 


5000 


Single-Combed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 
Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hons  at 
right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  best  selections.  Largest  success, 
ful  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 


SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  and  Cock¬ 
erels;  any  quantity  at  attractive  prices;  bred-to-lay 
kind.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington,  N.  J. 


Buff,  Wh.  Leghorns,  Mottled  Anconas,  S.  C.  R.  I  Red. 
Eggs,  HOC.  per  15,  $1.50  per  30.  $2.75  per  (it),  $4  per  100. 
Catalogue  free.  JOHN  A.  ROTH,  Quakertown,  Pa. 


ROSE  COMB  BLACK  MINORCAS— Hens.  Pullets  and 

Cockerels  for  sale.  GEO.  B0WDISH,  Esperance,  N.  Y. 


Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  May  return  at  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  Southold,  Suffolk  Co.,  N.  Y. 


THE  FARMER’S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 


Hum  Lake  Poultry  Farm  Wi&i’mSvM  •; 

WhiteWyandotte  Chicks,  $12  per  100.  Eggs. tOper  100 


Wo  Will  Soil — for  $2.00  for  liens  ami  $2.00to$5.00 
IwC  fill!  uCII  for  one-year-old  cockerels — our 
surplus  breeding  stock  of  Partridge  Cochins.  Barred 
Rocks,  White  Rocks,  Partridge  Wyandottes. 

MINCH  BROS.  .  R-2  .  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

l)(l  KGGS  $1.00 — Leading  varieties,  53  breeds.  Prize  Poul 
ZU  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Huge  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 

Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  we  have 
more  than  doubled  the  size  of  our 

INCUBATION  PLANT 


past  customers  have  already  engaged  space  for 
next  season  equal  to  the  entire  number  of  eggs  we 
handled  last  year.  We  print  this  notice  not  to 
hurry  you  in  giving  us  your  order,  but  to  give  you 
the  opportunity  to  avoid  disappointment. 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM, 
Millerton,  New  York 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


889 


A  MANURE  LOADER  THAT  COST  $7.80. 

I  have  always  disliked  the  work  of 
pitching  manure,  and  rigged  up  the  fol¬ 
lowing  described  implement  to  take  that 
work  off  my  hands.  The  whole  outfit 
cost  me  $7.80,  as  follows :  Grapple  fork, 
$X95 ;  one-inch  rope,  40  cents ;  black- 


LIFTING  A  FORKFUL  OF  MANURE. 
Fig.  352. 


smith  work,  $3;  pulley,  25  cents;  bolts, 
20  cents ;  total,  $7.80.  I  do  not  include 
mv  own  time,  the  cost  of  the  post,  or 
some  other  articles  that  I  had  on  the 
place.  I  took  a  sapling,  six  inches  at 
the  top  and  18  feet  long,  for  the  up¬ 
right  post.  At  the  butt  I  bored  a  hole 


DUMPING  FORK  ON  WAGON.  Fig.  353. 

about  10  inches  deep  for  the  stake  that 
the  post  revolves  upon.  This  stake  is 
made  of  half  of  an  old  steel  axle,  the 
spindle  sticking  up  into  the  post.  I 
drive  this  stake  into  the  ground  and 
place  a  block  on  it  first,  then  a  flat  iron 
plate  well  greased.  The  spindle  should 


EMPTY  FORK  SWINGING  BACK.  Fig.  a54. 

project  above  the  plate  about  the  depth 
of  the  hole  in  the  butt  of  the  post.  At 
the  butt  of  the  post  is  a  ring  to  keep  it 
from  splitting,  and  the  pulley  at  the  top 
is  set  in  the  post  in  such  a  manner  that 
the  bolt  that  holds  the  pulley  also  keeps 
that  end  of  the  post  together.  At  the 
top  of  the  post  is  a  bolt  driven  to- 


HOW  HORSE  IS  HITCHED.  Fig.  355. 

wards  the  butt,  that  the  guys  are  at¬ 
tached  to.  The  boom  is  made  from  an 
old  piece  of  l^-inch  pipe  that  I  took  off 
an  old  pump.  It  has  an  eye  welded  on 
each  end  and  is  nearly  13  feet  long.  It 
works  in  the  band  at  the  post  on  an 
inch  bolt.  The  rope  passes  through  a 
pulley  at  the  base  of  the  post,  fastened 


there  by  a  short  piece  of  chain,  then  up 
the  post  and  through  the  top  pulley, 
then  to  the  end  of  the  boom  and 
through  a  pulley  there,  then  back  to  the 
top  of  the  pole  where  it  is  tied  to  an 
eye  bolt.  When  the  horse  is  hitched  to 
the  end  of  the  rope  it  raises  the  boom, 
the  horse  traveling  twice  the  distance 
that  the  boom  raises.  The  fork  is  fas¬ 
tened  to  the  eye  in  the  end  of  the  boom 
with  a  short  piece  of  chain,  so  as  to 
allow  some  play  in  order  to  take  a 
swath  about  seven  or  eight  feet  wide 
in  the  radius  covered  by  the  boom. 

At  first  I  used  ordinary  fence  wire 
for  guys,  but  found  this  too  weak,  and 
I  am  now  using  some  old  steel  cable, 
about  five-eighths  inch  in  diameter,  that 
was  used  on  an  old  hay-stacking  outfit. 
I  use  three  guys.  The  fork  was  pur¬ 
chased  from  a  Chicago  mail  order 
house,  and  as  it  came  with  some  other 
goods,  I  did  not  figure  in  the  freight. 


There  is  also  a  four-tine  style  that 
should  do  the  work  as  well  and  costs 
less.  I  have  the  six-tine  style.  In  op¬ 
eration,  I  hitch  one  horse  to  the  rope 
and  have  two  wagons  hauling;  this 
keeps  the  horse  at  the  rope  busy.  The 
horse  requires  no  driver  after  the  first 
few  times,  and  the  wagon  driver  and 
one  man  load  the  wagon.  With  a  steady 
horse,  one  man  can  do  the  loading. 
The  fork  is  stuck  in  the  manure,  and 
as  the  horse  raises  it  the  boom  swings 
around  over  the  wagon,  where  it  Is 
tripped  by  the  man  on  the  pile.  I  have 
the  pole  leaned  toward  the  wagon  about 
six  inches  when  set  up  and  this  allows 
the  fork  when  loaded  to  swing  over  the 
wagon  of  its  own  volition.  The  empty 
fork  is  pulled  back  to  the  pile  by  the 
trip  rope.  I  find  it  better  to  take  a 
small  forkful  each  time,  as  the  fork 
will  take  half  a  wagonload  at  a  time  if 
it  is  set  in  full  length.  This  is  too 


great  a  strain  on  the  rope  and  guys,  and 
also  it  spills  some  beside  the  wagon 
when  tripped.  I  have  a  manure  pile 
about  16  feet  long,  and  I  set  up  the 
post  twice  to  reach  all  parts.  Two  men 
can  set  it  up  or  take  it  down,  and  one 
can  on  a  pinch.  It  handles  all  kinds 
of  manure,  wet  or  dry,  short  or  long 
straw  and  corn  fodder.  I  have  loaded 
wet  chaff  mixed  with  some  horse  ma¬ 
nure  with  it.  If  the  manure  is  wet, 
there  will  be  very  little  cleaning  up  to 
do  after  the  fork  has  reached  bottom. 
The  band  or  clamp  that  holds  the  boom 
to  the  post  is  made  of  a  piece  of  four- 
inch  wagon  tire.  f.  b.  taylor. 

R.  N.-Y. — In  the  pictures,  Fig.  352 
shows  how  a  forkful  of  manure  is  lifted 
from  the  pile ;  Fig.  353  shows  a  forkful 
of  manure  being  clumped  on  the  wagon; 
Fig.  354  shows  an  empty  fork  swing¬ 
ing  back  to  pile,  and  Fig.  355  shows 
how  the  horse  is  hitched  to  the  rope. 


Seed  Down  to  Grass 


•  •  •  with  •  •  • 


Bradley’s  Fertilizers 


Are  your  mowing  lands  neglected? 

We  often  read  in  crop  reports,  when  rainfall  is  small,  that  “grass 
in  the  old  mowings  is  suffering  and  will  he  a  very  short  crop.”  Gen¬ 
erally  these  old  mowings  are  neglected  and  their  owners  are  relying 
on  Nature  unaided  to  give  them  something  out  of  nothing. 

The  average  yield  of  hay  in  the  United  States  is  reported  to  be 
but  a  little  over  one  ton  per  acre.  Good  farmers  know  that  if  their 
hay  crop  does  not  yield  two  tons  or  more  per  acre  of  good  hay  there 
is  something  wrong.  They  also  know  that  the  best  hay,  as  a  rule,  is 
grown  on  newly  seeded  fields  which  have  been  well  fertilized.  It  is 
found  that  where  the  soil  is  well  fertilized  there  is  generally  little 
trouble  in  getting  good  yields  of  hay, — even  in  an  unfavorable  season. 

If  a  short  rotation  of  crops  is  not  convenient  before  land  is  seeded  to  grass,  old 
mowing  lands  may  be  plowed  after  haying,  thoroughly  harrowed  and  put  in  good  con¬ 
dition  to  be  seeded  down  in  late  August  or  early  September.  Before  seeding,  600  to 
1200  lbs.  per  acre  of 

Bradley’s  Fertilizers 

should  be  sown  broadcast  and  harrowed  in,  the  amount  to  be  used  depending,  of  course, 
on  the  condition  of  the  .land.  The  fertilizer  will  aid  in  producing  a  good  catch  of  the 
seed  and  a  vigorous  growth  of  grass  which  will  escape  winter  killing. 

Well  fertilized  fields  stand  drought  better  than  those  which  are  run  down.  The 
grass  on  well  fertilized  fields  gets  a  better  start  in  the  spring  and  gives  a  greatly  in¬ 
creased  yield  of  better  quality  of  hay  than  can  be  grown  on  old  worn  out  fields.  One 
of  our  customers  has  recently  written  us  as  follows: 

“I  am  very  much  pleased  with  the  results  of  the  fertilizer  for  seeding  down. 
I  am  now  cutting  the  hay  from  the  ground  where  I  used  the  fertilizer  and  it  is  a 
very  heavy  growth.  I  have  twenty-five  acres  of  as  handsome  grass  as  you  ever  saw.” 

The  best  time  for  seeding  to  grass  alone  in  the  latitude  of  New 
England  is  in  August  and  September,  preferably  from  August  15th 
to  September  10th. 

Place  your  orders  for  Bradley’s  Fertilizers  with  our  local  agents 
who  will  obtain  the  fertilizer  promptly,  in  case  they  have  not  enough 
in  stock  to  supply  you.  Or  if  you  prefer  to  do  so,  write  direct  to  us. 

THE  AMERICAN  AGRICULTURAL  CHEMICAL  CO. 

BRADLEY  FERTILIZER  WORKS. 

92  STATE  STREET,  BOSTON,  MASS. 


890 


THE;  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


September  2, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


Mr.  Warren  W.  Biggs,  president  of  the 
Biggs  Heating  Co.,  Washington,  D.  C.,  is 
owing  me  a  balance  of  $18  on  account  of 
the  sale  of  a  registered  Guernsey  bull  a 
few  years  ago  for  $65.  He  gave  me  his 
note,  and  has  renewed  it  from  time  to 
time;  then  paid  part  of  it  and  gave  new 
note,  some  of  which  has  since  been  col¬ 
lected  by  It.  G.  Dun  &  Co.,  who  advise 
bringing  suit  for  the  balance.  Owing  to 
the  uncertainty  of  getting  the  amount  and 
his  repeated  promises  to  pay  as  soon  as  he 
was  able,  I  did  not  bring  suit,  but  he  now 
pays  no  attention  to  my  letters.  Accord¬ 
ing  to  your  paper  you  know  how  to  make 
some  of  these  slow  fellows  pay  up  and  I 
thought  perhaps  you  could  make  this  man 
settle  up.  a.  w. 

Maryland. 

We  were,  however,  unsuccessful.  Mr. 
Biggs  failed  to  respond  to  any  of  our 
demands.  The  company,  of  which  he  is 
president,  is  responsible,  but  as  the  sub¬ 
scriber  has  mislaid  the  note  we  are  in 
no  position  to  enforce  the  claim  by 
suit. 

The  United  States  Grand  Jury  in  Balti¬ 
more  has  indicted  General  Felix  Agnus,  pub¬ 
lisher  of  the  Baltimore  American,  and 
James  W.  Stoddard,  business  manager,  on 
a  charge  of  aiding  and  abetting  Hubert 
Warren,  alias  Nellie  Lansing,  in  a  scheme 
to  defraud  by  publishing  an  advertisement 
in  that  newspaper.  Bail  was  lixed  at  $500 
for  each  of  the  accused.  The  investigation 
which  led  to  the  arrest  of  Warren  was 
started  by  advertisements  in  the  American. 
For  some  time  he  had  been  advertising  a 
cure  for  all  the  sorrows  of  disappointed 
love.  He  claimed  that  concentration  of 
thought  upon  the  object  of  one's  affections 
was  sufficient  to  awaken  a  response  in  the 
loved  one.  For  10  cents  he  promised  to 
communicate  the  secret  of  winning  affection 
in  this  way. — Printer’s  Ink. 

It  is  a  hopeful  sign  when  publishers 
are  held  responsible  in  court  for  the 
character  of  advertisements  printed  in 
their  papers.  We  believe  the  day  is 
fast  approaching  when  publishers  will 
be  considered  equally  liable  with  the 
fraudulent  advertisers  carried  in  their 
columns — both  in  and  out  of  court. 

On  November  5,  1910,  I  shipped  A.  F. 
Beckmann,  New  York,  one  case  of  eggs 
which  were  never  delivered.  Eggs  were 
selling  at  50  cents  per  dozen  at  that  time. 

I  presented  the  claim  to  Adams  Express 
Company  as  soon  as  I  found  Beckmann  had 
not  received  the  eggs,  but  can  hear  nothing 
from  them  in  regard  to  the  claim,  and  it  is 
the  middle  of  March.  Will  you  kindly  see 
why  they  persist  in  delaying  the  settle¬ 
ment?  R.  G. 

New  York. 

June  14,  1911,  our  subscriber  writes: 
“Received  check  from  Adams  Express 
Company  for  $14  for  the  case  of  eggs 
shipped  November  5,  1910.  Thank  you 
very  much  for  your  kindness.”  This 
was  another  of  the  tire-out  experiences 
first  on  the  shipper  and  then  on  us.  But 
we  didn’t  tire  until  we  got  advice  of  the 
settlement. 

I  was  at  the  station  and  settled  with  the 
agent  for  the  claim  I  had  against  Adams 
Express  Co.  I  thank  you  very  much  for  the 
favor  you  have  done  me  in  getting  it.  It 
seems  strange  that  such  rich  concerns  have 
to  be  so  shifty  about  settling  such  small 
bills.  They  tried  me  in  four  different  ways  : 
lirst  they  didn't  want  to  give  anything : 
then  when  you  interceded  for  me  they  of¬ 
fered  half ;  when  I  refused  that  they  want¬ 
ed  to  settle  for  the  actual  cost  of  the 
chickens  to  me.  I  again  refused  and  now 
they  have  settled  for  $10,  and  rather  than 
have  any  more  delay  I  took  them  up,  but 
this  is  still  $5  less  than  the  chickens  were 
worth.  Thanks  for  past  favors,  w.  it.  B. 
Pennsylvania. 

This  shipment  was  made  last  March 
and  consisted  of  a  crate  of  100  baby 
chicks,  shipped  in  the  evening  to  reach 
destination  the  next  morning.  They 
were  four  days  in  transit,  and  some  of 
the  chicks  were  dead  and  others  died 
shortly  after  receipt.  The  entire  loss 
was  occasioned  by  the  delay  in  delivery. 
Five  month  seems  a  long  time  to  make 
adjustment  in  a  case  where  the  fault 
is  so  clearly  up  to  the  carrying  com¬ 
pany. 

I  bought  two  acres  of  grape  land  to  be 
set  out  to  Tokay  grapes  in  Cicero,  Cal., 
from  the  Sacramento  Valley  and  Improve¬ 
ment  Co.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  Payments  were  to 
be  made  monthly.  I  have  paid  nearly  two 
years  now,  and  am  beginning  to  feel  wor¬ 
ried.  Can  you  find  out  for  me  if  it  is  all 
right?  I  am  poor,  and  if  it  is  not  all 
right  I  would  rather  lose  all  I  have  put 
iu  than  pay  any  more.  Are  they  reliable 
and  is  the  land  all  right?  L.  M.  w. 

New  York. 

One  of  our  subscribers  writes  that  the 
Sacramento  Valley  Improvement  Co. 
is  in  sight  of  his  house  all  the  time.  In 
the  Spring  they  were  doing  quite  some 
work,  but  they  have  undertaken  too 
much  at  once,  and  depend  on  hired 
help,  for  the  company  does  not  own 
any  stock  or  any  teams.  They  have 
some  good  land,  but  very  little  fruit  for 
the  last  three  years’  labor.  The  propo¬ 
sition  as  a  whole  does  not  show  up 
well.  They  seem  to  be  planting  more 
gum  trees  than  Tokay  grapes.  The 
company  seems  to  be  doing  something 
to  help  carry  out  contracts  with  the 


purchasers  but  since  they  have  no  re¬ 
sults  after  three  years  you  can  imagine 
yourself  what  the  conditions  will  be 
after  they  have  their  money  and  aban¬ 
doned  the  proposition  to  the  purchasers. 
Doubtless  few,  if  any,  of  them  will  oc¬ 
cupy  the  land.  This  is  from  a  man  right 
in  the  neighborhood.  The  report  shows 
that  they  seem  to  be  doing  more  of  a 
business  in  selling  lands  and  some  of  it 
has  not  met  the  expectation  of  the 
purchasers.  We  think  our  people  will 
do  well  to  invest  their  money  nearer 
home. 

Years  ago  I  was  induced  by  glowing 
advertisements  of  W.  M.  Ostrander  to  take 
stock  in  the  Dunlap  Carpet  Co.,  Philadel¬ 
phia,  the  Fox  Optical  Manufacturing  Co. 
and  the  Ostrander  Co.  The  Carpet  Com¬ 
pany  paid  immense  dividends  for  a  while 
and  failed.  The  Optical  Company  is  still 
doing  business  but  paying  no  dividends. 
Likewise  the  Ostrander  Company,  I  have 
lost  faith  in  Ostrander.  He  from  time  to 
time  sends  me  tempting  offers.  The  pres¬ 
ent  offer  I  send  to  you  asking  for  advice. 
With  the  seven  shares  of  Carpet  stock 
and  one  share  of  Ostrander  stock  I  could 
secure  four  Lincoln  lots  per  his  offer,  and 
would  be  willing  to  make  the  exchange 
if  there  is  any  possible  chance  of  realizing 
on  the  investment.  If  on  investigation 
you  think  I  might  secure  my  money  I 
would  send  you  my  certificates  and  em¬ 
power  you  to  act.  subscriber. 

Pennsylvania. 

Many  of  Ostrander’s  victims  seem  to 
be  getting  the  same  printed  letter  offer¬ 
ing  to  exchange  the  worthless  securities 
they  hold  for  Lincoln  lots.  The  lots  are 
described  as  exceptional  bargains  at 
$195  each,  while  according  to  the  best 
estimate  we  can  get  it  is  several  times 
their  real  value.  Since  the  lots  have 
some  value  and  the  stocks  practically 
none,  the  trade  might  be '  considered  a 
good  one  for  his  victims.  But  the  let¬ 
ter  states  the  stock  will  apply  on  the 
first  payment  only,  the  balance  to  be 
paid  in  cash.  You  can  rest  assured 
that  the  cash  payment  required  will 
more  than  cover  any  value  the  lots 
may  have,  so  this  scheme  develops  into 
one  to  get  more  money  out  of  his  old 
victims  instead  of  an  opportunity  for 
them  to  get  par  for  the  stocks  as  Os¬ 
trander  would  like  to  make  the  investors 
believe — with  a  chest  of  silver  thrown 
in  for  good  measure.  On  every  trade 
or1  turn  of  a  security  all  these  “get-rich- 
quick”  promoters  are  looking  for  more 
money — always  more  money.  J.  J.  D. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 

“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

-  .  ■  —  -  ■  ■  . .  ■ 


SUCCESS 


33  YEARS  OF  SUCCESS 


Get  Our  Booklet — It  Tells  How 
Manure  Actually  Produced  $2.35 
per  Load  the  First  Year  Spread 
with  a  SUCCESS. 


JOHN  FRAZEUR  tells  how  he  made  $810.00 
in  one  season  with  a  Success.  Spreaders  do 
hard  work.  Cheap  machines  made  of  pine 
and  iron  lose  money,  give  trouble  and  die 
soon. 

Success  frames  are  second-growth  white 
ash  and  oak,  mortised,  bolted  and  trussed — 
double  sills  through  the  middle. 

Only  Spreader  made  having  a  heater 
that  slides  back  out  of  the  load  when 
thrown  into  gear — no  strain  on  the  ma¬ 
chine  or  the  horses  when  starting. 

Axles,  cold-rolled  steel — three  times  the 
strength  of  common  steel.  Special  wheels  of 
great  strength — wood  or  steel. 


1  DRAFT  TDAN01 

~xl  Seven  sets  of  roller 


bearings  —  others 
have  two.  Every  main  working  part  is 
fitted  with  roller  bearings.  Success  roller 
bearings  are  made  of  cold-rolled  steel- 
,  others  use  cast  or  malleable  iron  for  , 
kthe  cages.  Success  roller  bearings 
are  true — they  insure  all  the. 
^shafting  running  in  per¬ 
fect  line. 


THE  LIGHTEST  DRAFT  MANURE 
SPREADER  MADE  AND  MOST 
DURABLE 


Patented  Steel  Brace  from  Cylinder 
to  Main  Axle. 

Others  brace  to  the  spreader  box.  All  driving 
parts  compensating.  Pressure  of  the  load  is 
against  the  cylinder,  while  the  drive  chain 
pulls  forward,  forcing  the  gears  together.  No 
lost  motion — no  getting  out  of  mesh.  The 
Success  is  the  only  spreader  having  these 
valuable  features. 

The  Success  spreader  uses  a  steel  pinned 
drive  chain.  It  withstands  the  strain  of 
frozen  manure  and  obstructions  in  the  load. 


Write  for  FREE  SPREADER  BOOK  No.  S-33 


JOHN  DEERE  PLOW  CO. 

MOLINE.  ILLINOIS 


YOU  will  never  get  the  most  out  of  your  soil,  until  it  is  properly 
fertilized.  And  it  will  never  be  properly  fertilized  until  you 
use  a  good  manure  spreader,  because  the  use  of  a  spreader 
will  enable  you  to  overcome  the  practice  of  spreading  on  one  acre 
what  should  be  used  on  two.  Why  delay  the  profits  that  are  right¬ 
fully  yours?  Why  not  look  into  this  manure  spreader  proposition 
at  once?  Learn  the  many  reasons  why  thousands  of  other  progressive 
farmers  are  having  such  great  success  with  I  H  C  Manure  Spreaders. 
When  you  examine  one  of  these  spreaders,  note  the  extreme  sim¬ 
plicity  and  great  strength  of  the  working  parts;  note  that  the  beater 
driving  gear  is  held  in  a  single  casting,  thus  there  is  no  binding  nor 
cutting  of  parts  caused  by  the  gearing  springing  out  of  alignment. 
Notice  the  roller  bearing  support  for  the  apron  which  reduces  the  draft 
of  the  machine;  operate  the  convenient  levers;  notice  how  quickly  and 
easily  the  feed  changing  device  can  be  shifted,  and  the  wide  range  of 
adjustment. 

Com  King  Cloverleaf 
Kemp  20th  Century 

Each  of  these  famous  I  H  C  Spreaders  is  sim¬ 
ple,  strong,  and  durable  in  every  part.  Each  is 
instantly  adjustable  to  spread  light  or  heavy  as 
your  judgment  tells  you  is  best  for  the  soil. 

Whether  you  have  a  large  or  small  farm,  or 
whether  you  want  a  spreader  for  orchard  use — 
there  is  an  I  H  C  that  will  suit  your  requirements. 

Why  not  see  the  I  H  C  local  dealer  at  once? 

Let  him  tell  you  why  I  H  C  Spreaders  are  so  re¬ 
markably  successful.  Get  catalogues  from  him ,  or, 
if  you  prefer,  write  direct  for  any  information  you 
desire. 


INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER  COMPANY 

OF  AMFRIPA 


IHC 

Service  Bureau 

The  Bureau  Is  a 
clearing:  house  of 
agricultural  data. 
It  aims  to  learn 
the  best  ways  of 
doing:  things  on 
the  farm,  and  then 
distribute  the  in¬ 
formation.  Your 
individual  experi¬ 
ence  may  help 
others.  Send  your 
problems  to  the 
IHC  Service  Bu¬ 
reau. 


WHEELS,  FREIGHT  PAID,  $8.75 

J I  for  4  Buggy  Wheels,  Steel  Tires.  With  Rubber  Tires, 
"$18.45.  Uerubbing  your  wheels,  $10.30.  1  manufacture 
wheels  %  to4in. tread.  Buggy  Tops,  $6.50;  Shafts, $2.10. 
I.carn  how  to  buy  direct.  Catalog  free.  Repair  wheels, 

$5.95.  Wagon  UmbrollaFaiis.  »  .  It,  BOOH,  Ciu'tl,  Oi 


and  Upward 

AMERICAN 


SEPARATOR 


FREE  TRIAL.  FULLY  GUARANTEED. 

Easy  running.  Easily  cleaned. 

_ _  Whether  dairy  is  large  or  small1, 

obtain  our  handsome  free  catalog.  Address  _ 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO.  bainbS'mt.  y. 


That’s  tho  way  to  keep 
your  horses.  It's  easy 
to  do  it  with  Kendall’s 
Spavin  Cure.Thousands 
of  other  horsemen  have 
done  itrin  past  40  years. 

Cured  Spavin 

“Two  years  ago,  I  bought  a  pair  of  fine  black 
mares.  In  about  six  months  one  had  a  Spavin. 
1  simply  used  your  Spavin  Cure,  and  cured 
her  entirely,  which  my  stifled  all  the  horsemen. 

Yours  truly, 

M.  S.  Culver,  Union  City,  Conn.” 

Letters  like  the  above  are  received  by  US 
daily  from  grateful  horsemen. 


S3  PACKAGE  ^ 

will  cure  any  case  or 
money  refunded. 

$1  PACKAGE 

cures  ordinary  cases. 
Postpaid  on  receipt  of  price, 
Agents  Wanted 

Write  for  descriptive  i 
booklet  c 


MINERAL 
HEAVE 
REMEDY 


NEGLECT 
Will  Ruin' 
Your  Horse'" 

Send  today  for 
only 

PERMANENT! 


SAFE 

CERTAIN 


Mineral  Heave  Remedy  Co,, 461  Fourth  Avenue.Pittsburg, Pa. 


NEWTON’S  HEAVE 


COUCH,  DISTEMPER  A|  B  C" 
AND  INDIGESTION  vU!\b 


td 

M 


DEATH  TO  HEAVES 


The  first  or  second  $1.00  can  cures  Heaves.  The  third 
can  is  guaranteed  to  cure  or  money  refunded. 
$1.00  per  can  at  dealers,  or  express  prepaid. 

THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO.,  Toledo.  Oblo 


Kendall’s 

Spavin  Cure' 

is  the  only  safe,  sure  cure  for  Spavin,  Curb, 
Splint,  Ringbone,  Bony  Growths  and  alf 
Lameness.  Save  your  horses  with  the  old 
reliable  cure.  Leaves  no  white  hairs  or  scars. 
It  is  tho  world's  best  liniment  for  man  and 
beast.  At  druggists.  $1  a  Bottle;  6  for  $5. 
Ask  your  druggist  for  book,  “Treatise  on  the 
Horse,”  or  write  to 

Dr.  B.  J.  Kendall  Co.,  Enosburg  Falls,  VL 


You  Can't  Cut  Out  &S88!5&2i5fCT 


will  clean  them  off  permanently,  and  you 
work  tho  horse  same  time.  Does  not 
,  blister  or  remove  the  hair.  $2.00  per 
'  bottle,  delivered.  Book  4  E  free. 

.  „  ABSORBINE,  JR.,  liniment  for 
=  Ff3'  mankind,  reduces  Varicose  Veins.  Rup- 

_ tured  Muscles  or  Ligaments,  Enlarged 

Before  After  Glands,  Goitres.  Wens,  Cysts.  Allays 
pain  quickly.  Price  $1.00  and  $2.00  a  bot¬ 
tle  at  druggists  or  delivered.  Will  tell  you  more 
if  you  write.  Manufactured  only  by 


1911. 


ik^-. 


THE  RURA1  NEW-VORKER 


S01 


MARKETS 

Wholesale  Prices  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  August  25,  1911. 


BUTTE  It 


Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 27  a  .28 

Good  to  Choice . 23  @  .26 

Lower  Grades  .  : . 18  @  .22 

State  Dairy,  best . 24  ©  .25 

Common  to  Good . 15  @  .23 

Factory . 14  @  .20 

Packing  Stock . 10  ®  ,1S}4 


Elgin,  111.,  butter  market  firm  at  26  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  27  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  28  cents. 
CHEESE 


Full  Cream,  best,  new . 12  @  .13 

Common  to  Good . 09  @  .11 

Skims . 05  @  .10 

EGGS 

White,  good  to  choice . 26  @  .30 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 23  @  .24 

Common  to  Good . 15  @  .18 

Western,  best . 20  <a  .23 

Under  grades . 12  @  .18 

Checks  and  dirties . .  .11  ©  .14 

BEANS 

Marrow,  100  lbs . 4.20  iffi  4.30 

Medium .  3.90  ©  4.05 

Pea.  '. .  4.00  @  4.25 

Tellow  Eye .  3.50  ®  3.55 

Bed  Kidney .  . 5.60  ©  6.10 

WhiteKidney . .  4.25  hi  5.20 

Lima,  California . 6.60  ©  6.65 

HOPS 

Prime  to  Choice . 41  @  .42 

Common  to  Good . 38  @  .40 

Pacific  Coast . 40  @  .42 

FKESH  FRUITS 

Apples,  Wealthy,  bbl . 2.00  @  3.C0 

Alexander .  2.50  ®  3.50 

Sweet  Bough,  bbl . 1.60  ©  2.00 

Gravenstein .  2.00  @  3.00 

Duchess .  2.00  @  3.00 

Nyack .  1.50  @  2.50 

Orange  Pippin .  1,50  ©  2.00 

Holland  Pippin  .  1.50  @  2.50 

Windfalls,  bbl .  1.00  @  1.25 

Various,  hj-bbl.-bkt . 75  @1.25 

Crabapples,  bbl .  2.00  @  6.00 

Pears.  Bell,  bbl .  1.50  ©  2.25 

Flemish  Beauty,  bbl .  1.50  @  2.00 

Bartlett,  J^-bbl .  1.00  ©  1.75 

Clapp’s .  3.00  @  4.25 

Kieffer,  14-bbl . 40  @  .60 

Peaches.  Up-river,  bkt . 30  ©  .75 

Western  N.  Y.,  bkt . 40  ©  1.00 

Connecticut,  bkt . 75  @  .85 

Del.  and  Md.,  carrier  .  1.00  @  2.25 

Del.  and  Md.,  bkt . 75  @  1.00 

Jersey,  carrier .  1.25  @  2.00 

Jersey,  bkt . 25  ®  1.25 

Pine  Island,  bkt . 40  @  1.00 

Muskmelons,  Southern,  crate . 40  @  1.00 

Maryland,  crate . 75  ©  1.75 

Jersey,  bkt . 50  @  1.00 

Watermelons,  Southern,  100 . 10.00  @25.00 

Huckleberries,  quart . 07  @  .18 

Blackberries,  qt . 10  ©  .16 

Plums,  8-lb.  bkt . 12  @  .22 

Grapes,  Moore’s  Early,  18-lb.  case  ...  .55  @  .65 

Champion . 40  @  .50 

Delaware . 60  ®  .75 

Niagara . 60  ©  .75 

VEGETABLES 

Potatoes,  Jersey,  bbl .  2.75  @  3.25 

Southern,  No.  1,  bbl .  2.00  @  2.50 

Southern,  No.  2,  bbl .  1.50  @  1.75 

Long  Island,  bbl .  3.00  @  3.25 

Sweet  Potatoes,  bbl . 2.00  @  3.50 

Beets,  new,  100  bunches .  1.00  ©  1.50 

Carrots,  new,  bbl .  1.00  ©  1.25 

Cabbage,  Long  Island,  bbl . 50  @  1.25 

Cauliflowers,  L.  1.,  bbl .  1.00  @  2.50 

Sweet  Corn,  choice.  100 .  1.10  @  1.25 

Common  to  Good . 60  @  .90 

Cucumbers,  bu . 25  @  .50 

Pickles,  bbl . 75  @  1.50 

Celery,  Jersey,  bunch . 10  @  .35 

Lettuce,  It- bbl.  bkt . 25  @  .70 

Chicory  and  Escarol,  bbl . 25  @  .75 

Peppers,  Jersey,  bbl . 75  ©  1.25 

Horseradish,  100  lbs .  3.00  @  5.00 

Okra.  Jersey.  J4-bu . 25  @  .30 

Onions,  Long  Island,  bbl. . 2.00  @  2.75 

Orange  Co.,  bag .  1.25  @  2.25 

Jersey,  bu . 75  @  1.50 

Conn.  Yellow,  100-lb.  bag .  1.60  @1.90  * 

Peas.  State,  bu . 75  ©  1.50 

Radishes, 100  bunches . 75  ©  1.25 

String  Beans,  bu . 25  @  .90 

Lima  Beans,  potato,  bu . 60  @1.00 

Flat  kinds . • . 25  @  .50 

Spinach,  bbl .  1.00  ©  1.50 

Squash.  Marrow,  bbl . 50  ©  .75 

Crook  Neck,  bbl . 50  ©  .75 

Turnips,  Rutabaga,  bbl . 75  @  .90 

White,  bbl .  1.00  ©  1.50 

Egg  Plants,  Norfolk,  bbl . 50  ©  .75 

Jersey,  bu . 25  @  .30 

Tomatoes,  So.  Jersey  Acme,  box . 50  ©  .90 

Upper  Jersey  Acme,  box .  1.00  ©  1.50 

Upper  Jersey  Stone,  bu . 50  @1.00 

Common,  bu . 30  ©  .40 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Chickens,  Broilers,  lb . .  .15  ©  .17 

Fowls . 14  ©  .15 

Roosters . 09  @  .10 

Ducks . . 12  @  .13 

Geese . 09  ©  .11 

Turkeys . 12  ©  .13 

DRESSED  POULTRY— Fresh  KILLED 

Turkeys.  Spring,  best . 25  ©  .30 

Old  Common  to  Good . 12  @  .13 

Chickens,  choice  broilers,  lb .  22  ©  24 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 18  ©  .20 

Fowls .  13  @  .16 

Spring  Ducks,  lb . 14  @  .16 

Squabs,  dot .  1.00  @  3.50 

DRESSED  POULTRY- Frozen 

Turkeys,  best . 22  ©  24 

Chickens,  milk-fed  roasters . 18  ©  .20 

Corn-fed  roasters . 16  ©  .17 

Fowls . 11  ©  .16 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

□  ay.  No.  1,  ton . 27.00  @  28.00 

No.  2 . 22.00  @  26.00 

No.  3 . 17.00  ©  20.00 

Clover  Mixed . 16.00  ©  22  00 

Clover .  ..15.00  ©  18.00 

Straw,  Rye . 12.00  ©  16.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 8.00  ®  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs .  4  50  ©  7.25 

Bulls . 3.00  ©  4.00 

Cows .  1.50  @4.35 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 7.00  @  9.75 

Culls  . 4.00  ©  5.50 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 2.50  @  4.00 

Lambs .  4.50  ©  5.00 

Hogs . 7k . 7.00  @8.50 


GRAIN 


Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.13  ©  .. 

No.  2,  Red . 96  ©  .. 

No.  1  Macaroni .  1.07  @  .. 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 68  ®  .71 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 45  @  .48 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 88  ©  .89 

MILL  FEED— CAR  Lots 

Spring  Bran, ton .  24.80  ©  25.50 

Standard  Middlings .  28.00  @  31.00 

Red  Dog .  31.00  @  32.00 

Hominy  Chop .  25.00  ©  26.20 

Linseed  Meal .  35.00  @  35.50 

Corn  Meal .  27.00  ©  28.00 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland . .  .  12.70 

Middling  Gulf .  12.95 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  11.50 

Good  Middling .  12.35 


WOOL 

NewYork  Fleeces,' Fine,  unwashed 

Ohio  half  blood  combing . 

Kentucky,  three-eighths  blood.... 
Michigan,  half  blood . 

TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadieaf-illler . . 

Fine  wrappers  . 

N.  Y. State  Fillers . 

Fine  and  Selections . 

Ohio.  Zimmer's  Spanish . 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 

Dark  Leaf . 

Bright  Cutters . 

Penn,  broad  leaf  fillers . 

CHICAGO 

Butter,  creamery . 

Eggs,  good  to  prime  firsts . 

Live  Turkeys . 

Fowls . 

Chickens . 

Potatoes,  bbl . 

Apples,  bbl . 

Sheep,  100  lbs  . 

Lambs,  100  lbs . 

Hogs . 

BUFFALO 

Butter,  creamery . 

Eggs,  Stale . 

Live  Chickens . 

Fowls . 

Potatoes,  new,  bbl . 

Calves,  live,  100  lbs . 

Sheep.  100  lbs . 

Lambs,  100  lbs . 

Hogs . 

Wheat,  No.  2,  Red . 

Corn . 

Oats . . 


..  19 

© 

.20 

© 

.26 

© 

.25 

..  .25 

@ 

■m 

.08 

.10 

.60 

@ 

75 

@ 

.06 

.12 

© 

.16 

.19 

@ 

.20 

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.U9Ri 

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© 

.20 

.12 

Ccb 

.30 

.10 

@ 

.12 

® 

.25 

@ 

.17 

.  .10 

@ 

.12 

.  .11 

c« 

12 

.  .13 

(& 

.14 

(./.  : 

1.90 

.1.00 

@  ; 

i.00 

@  ; 

1.80 

.4.25 

@  6.65 

.7.20 

@  i 

r.8o 

@ 

.27 

@ 

.22 

@ 

.16 

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1.00 

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..  .42 

@ 

.43 

Boston. 

The  large  supply  of  general  produce 
brought  in  to  Boston,  Mass.,  this  week 
(August  18)  tends  to  a  general  depression 
of  prices  on  most  things.  Apples  in  large 
supply  and  not  of  host  quality  bring  56 
cents  to  $1  per  bushel  box;  fancy  bring  as 
high  as  $1.50  and  $1.75  in  a  few  cases. 
Pears  in  a  bad  slump.  Clapp  and  early 
Bartletts  sell  slow  at  60  and  75  cents  per 
bushel  box,  some  few  bring  $1.  Plums  in 
good  supply  at  about  $1.50  a  bushel. 
Peaches  fairly  plenty  and  sell  $1  to  $1.50 
per  basket.  Cabbage  and  tomatoes  sell 
well  at  $1.25  and  $1.50  per  barrel  for  the 
former  and  about  $2  for  the  latter.  Shell 
beans  are  as  high  as  $2  per  bushel.  Green 
string  and  wax  beans  are  a  drug,  being 
in  large  supply  and  sell  hard  at  40  or  50 
cents  a  box.  Beets  and  cucumbers  sell  at 
50  cents  a  box ;  the  latter  are  plentiful 
just  at  this  time.  Corn  is  in  large  supply, 
hut  brings  40  to  75  cents  a  box.  Squash  is 
coming  in  from  the  South  in  large  quan¬ 
tities  and  as  native  is  coming  in  also  the 
price  of  40  to  75  cents  a  barrel  and  $8 
to  $12  a  ton  is  not  very  encouraging  as 
to  filling  the  grower’s  pocket  very  much  ; 
in  the  Southern  grower’s  case  the  trans¬ 
portation  companies  will  receive  about  the 
whole  of  it.  Potatoes  are  coming  in  more 
freely  and  sell  at  $1  a  bushel  at  the  car ; 
these  are  mostly  from  Maine  and  are  good 
in  quality.  Sweet  potatoes  bring  $4  per 
barrel.  Eggs  are  about  the  same,  32  to 
38  cents  for  fresh  down  to  25  cents  for 
storage.  Meats  of  all  kinds  are  stiff  and 
firm.  Beef  is  three  or  four  cents  higher 
wholesale  than  last  week.  Veal  goes  at  14 
to  15  cents  wholesale  for  large  ones.  Whole 
dressed  hogs  sell  at  9%  cents  for  best, 
liens  sell  live  weight  15  to  16  cents  per 
pound  ;  chickens  from  22  to  28  cents,  and 
some  even  better.  A.  E.  P. 

Ilopkinton,  Mass. 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE. 

The  first  bale  of  this  year’s  sea  island 
cotton  was  sold  at  Savannah,  Ga.,  August 
16,  for  27  cents  per  pound. 

Unseasonably  cool  weather  has  caused  i 
much  anxiety  to  wheat  growers  in  the 
Canadian  Northwest.  The  mercury  dropped 
to  32  in  parts  of  Saskatchewan,  but  thus 
far  little  damage  to  wheat  has  been  re¬ 
ported. 

At  their  recent  convention  at  Detroit, 
the  Apple  Shippers’  Association  gave  their 
crop  estimate  as  30  per  cent  above  last 
year.  The  Apple  Growers’  Congress  at  St. 
Louis,  August  22,  reported  the  best  crop 
since  1906. 

Brazil  has  a  large  amount  of  land  suit¬ 
able  for  cotton  culture,  but  thus  far  the 
business  has  been  on  a  rather  crude  basis. 
Agents  of  the  Brazilian  government  are  in 
this  country  studying  improved  methods  of 
culture,  with  the  idea  of  increasing  the 
acreage  in  Brazil. 

The  amended  Now  York  State  game  laws 
provide  that  "the  dead  bodies  of  wild  hares, 
squirrels  of  all  species,  wild  deer,  elk, 
moose  and  caribou  of  all  species  shall  not 
be  sold,  offered  for  sale  or  possessed  for 
sale  for  food  purposes  within  this  State, 
whether  they  shall  have  been  killed  within 
or  without  the  State;  but  it  does  allow  the 
game  dealers  who  now  have  game  in  stor¬ 
age  under  bond  to  sell  their  game  during 
tiie  open  season  after  it  is  properly  tagged. 
This  tagging  is  to  lie  done  under  the  su¬ 
pervision  of  the  fish  and  game  division  of 
the  conservation  commission.” 

The  New  York  Stat"  Health  Department, 
in  charge  of  the  new  cold  storage  law,  has 
been  inspecting  plants  in  various  parts  of 
the  State.  They  report  unsanitary  condi¬ 
tions,  in  some  cases  so  bad  that  prosecu¬ 
tions  will  result.  This  law  provides  that 
the  quantity  of  various  foods  in  storage 
shall  be  made  public,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped 
that  full  advantage  will  be  taken  of  this, 
not  in  a  sensational  way  or  with  an  ap¬ 
parent  desire  to  show  up  the  cold  storage 
men  as  perverters  of  the  public  good,  but 
because  public  reports  will  largely  do  away 
with  a  certain  type  of  useless  and  truly 
pernicious  speculative  business  in  food.  By 
giving  to  the  public  correct  and  definite 
statements  of  quantity  and  condition  of 
food  found  in  storage  the  Health  Depart¬ 
ment  will  accomplish  what  it  does  not  have 
sufficient  police  force  to  do  otherwise.  The 
exact  temperature  at  which  butter  should 
bo  kept  is  a  matter  of  opinion.  Some  think 
zero  is  correct,  and  others  believe  that  less 
loss  in  flavor  and  texture  results  from  a 
temperature  but  little  under  freezing.  It  is 
well  known  that  f/ood  butter  can  be  kept 
in  first  class  condition  packed  in  stone  jars 
in  an  ordinary  farm  cellar  for  a  full  year, 
so  that  the  statement  about  butter  spoiling 
in  storage  when  kept  higher  than  zero  is 
nonsense.  Such  butter  was  bad  when  put  in 
or  has  been  subjected  to  foul  odors  while 
there.  w.  w.  H. 


Coming  Farmers’  Meetings. 

Toronto,  Canada,  Fair,  August  26-Sep- 
tember  11. 


New  England  Fair,  Worcester,  Mass., 
September  4-7. 

^  Connecticut  Fair,  Hartford,  September 

Maine  State  Fair,  Auburn,  September  4-7. 
Beekeepers’  Association,  Charter  Oak, 
Conn.,  September  4-9. 

New  York  State  Fair,  Syracuse,  N.  Y., 
September  11-16. 

New  Haven,  Conn.,  Horticultural  Soci¬ 
ety,  September  13. 

Ohio  State  Horticultural  Society,  Torch 
Hill,  September  19. 

Connecticut  Horticultural  Societv,  Hart¬ 
ford,  September  19-20. 

Vermont  State  Fair,  White  River  Junc¬ 
tion,  September  19-22. 

New  Jersey  Fair,  Trenton,  September 
25-29. 


Connecticut  State  Fair,  Berlin,  Septom 
ber  26-29. 

Connecticut  Pomological  Society,  Berlin, 
September  26. 

New  England  Fruit  Show,  Boston,  Mass., 
October  23-28. 


National  Dairy  Show,  Chicago,  Ill.,  Octo¬ 
ber  20-November  4. 


National  Creamery  Butter  Makers’  Asso¬ 
ciation,  Chicago,  November  1-3. 

Indiana  Apple  Show,  Indianapolis,  No¬ 
vember  6-11. 

Massachusetts’  Corn  Show,  Springfield, 
Mass.,  November  11-18. 


STOCK 


PAYS 

MORE  MONEY 

GIVES 

MORE  SATISFACTION.! 

NO  STOCK  CAN  THRIVE  IF  PESTERED 
WITH  LICEJICKS,  MITES,  FLEAS, 
SCAB, MANGE, AND  OTHER  sklN' 
DISEASES. 

TO  CLEAN  OUT  THESE 
PARASITES,  GUARD  AGAINST 
CONTAGIOUS  DISEASES, 
CLEANSE,  PURIFY,  AND 
DEODORIZE.  USE, 


Dll 


Kreso 
Dip  N21 


Li 


BETTER  THAN  0THERS,BECAUSE,IT  IS 

standardized/ 

UNIFORM, DEPENDABLE, EFFICIENT.  ONE 
GALLON  OF  KRESO  DIP  NO.I  MAKES  60 
TO  100  6ALL0NS  OF  SOLL)TION(DEPENDING 
£  UPON  WHAT  USE  IS  TO  BE  MADE  OF  IT.) 

"a  real  necessity  about 
HORSES.CATTLE, SHEEP, SWINE, 
DOGS,  GOATS  AND  POULTRY. 

FOR  SALE  BY  ALL  DRUGGISTS. 
WRITE  FOR  FREE  CIRCULARS .  ASK  FOR  LEAFLET 
DESCRIBING  A  NEW  CEMENT  HOG  WAUOW  IF  YOU  I 
ARE  INTERESTED. 

PARKE, DAVIS &C0j 

C^SDEPARTMENT  OF  ANIMAL 

ft  *  industry.  A 

vdetroit,mich/ 

U.S.  A. 


Quinn's  Ointment 

■Joes  for  the  horse  what  no  other  remedy  can  do. 
There’s  not  a  curb,  splint,  spavin,  wind  puff  or  bunch 
that  It  will  not  remove.  Sure  and  speedy.  Thous¬ 
ands  of  horse  owners  use  it — Quinn’s  alone.  They 
regard  it  as  the  unfailing  remedy. 

PRICE  $1.00  PER  BOTTLE. 

At  all  druggists  or  sent  by  mail.  Testimonials  free. 

W.  B.  Eddy  I  Co.,  Whitehall,  New  York. 


Wanted- -Strong,  Healthy  Country  Gir 

for  general  housework.  Good  home.  State  wages 
expected.  PEERLESS  FARMS,  Nortliport,  N.  Y 

WAXTM) — American  farmer  on  small  Connecticut  dairy  &  frui 
farm;  permanent  place  with  house  rent.  Address,  stating 
terms,  experience,  etc.,  “II.  P.,”  care  Rural  New-Yorker. 


Good  Light 


makes  night  work  easier. 
Rayo  lanterns  give  the 
most  light  possible  for 
the  oil  used. 

Rayo  Lanterns  will 
not  blow  or  jar  out. 

They  are  easy  to  clean. 
Easy  to  fill  and  light. 
Made  to  stand  hard  wear. 

You  can  get  Rayo  Lan¬ 
terns  in  various  sizes, 
finishes  and  styles.  Each 
is  the  best  you 
can  buy  of  its 
particular  kind. 

All  Rayo  lanterns  are 
equipped  with  selected  Rayo 
globes,  clear,  red  or  green, 
as  desired,  and  wicks  are 
inserted  in  the  burners, 
ready  to  light. 

Dealers  everywhere  ;  or 
write  for  descriptive  circular 
direct  to  any  agency  of  the 


Standard  Oil  Company 

(Incorporated) 


Highest  prices  guaranteed  for  White  or  Brown 
Leghorns  or  mixed  eggs.  Also  higli  grade  butter. 
Write  us  for  information.  Atrial  will  convince  you 
of  our  ability  to  obtain  extreme  prices.  Address 

JOHNSTONE  &  COUGHLAN, 
j72  Duane  Street,  :  :  New  York 


JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY. 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 


U  *’■  'J  • 


_  2 - - - -  -  riWl.MV  \V  .  VTUUYVliN 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  GO 

nes  Butter,  Eggs,  Cheese,  Poultry.  Mushrooms 
and  Hot  house  Products  a  Specialty.  Consignments 
solicited.  .44  &  3b  Little  12th  St..  New  York- 


Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  8  CO.,  Com¬ 
mission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St. .New  York. 


DUKASIS  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Coin- 
1  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter 
Eggs.  Poultry,  Pork,  Calves,  Hay.  Grain,  Beans 
Appies,  etc.  K.  It.  WOODWAKI),  see  (Jreeiiirleli  St.,  N.V, 


SHIP  YOUR  CALVES  AND  POULTRY 

- TO - 

GEO.  OLIVER  &  COMPANY 

Established  1850 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 
WEST  WASHINGTON  MARKET.  NEW  YORK.  N.  Y. 

PROMPT  RETURNS 


Apples — Peaches 

and  all  Fruits  and  Vegetables,  Fancy 
Eggs ;  Hothouse  Products.  Top  prices 
secured  for  choice  products. 

Archdeacon  &  Co.,  100  Murray  St.,  New  York 


Boston  Produce  Go. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 


T,  ...  J  - - iDliX  Lt  Li  Pi  J1AJN. 

Frank  Biernesser,  R.  F.  D.  No.  2,  Sharpsburg,  Pa. 

DE  KOL  BURKE  BLOOD. 

Will  sell  ONTARIO  COUNT  DE  KOL,  Holstein 
Bu  I,  half  white,  born  April  25th,  by  America  I)e 
Kol  Burke,  out  of  Bettina  De  Kol.  Bargain  at  $75, 
f.  O.  b.  CLOVE RDALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 


93-95  South  Market  St., 


Boston. 


n  H  F S H  R  F (N~rhe  n"’e  thrifty  kind :  March  Boars 
oncomnco  and  Sows.  Orders  taken  for  Pigs of 
September  farrow.  G.  E.  Smith,  Castile,  N  .  Y. 

INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS^^S^ii 

Price,  $l.o0  each;  $5.00  for  three  Ducks  and  a  Drake. 

k-  i’HANKLDf  K1SAN,  Stanley,  N.  V. 


Write  for  Free  Booklet 

How  to  Raise  Caloes  Cheaply  and  Successfully  Without  Milk" 

Contains  lull  information  and  complete  feeding  directions  lor  using 

BlatchforcTs  Calf  Meal — The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute 

Three  or  four  calves  can  be  raised  on  it  at  the  cost  of  one  where  milk  is  fed. 
jNo  mill  feed  The  only  calf  meal  manufactured  in  an  exclusive  Calf  Meal  Factory 
Established  at  Leicester,  England,  in  1 8QIL 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory,  -  -  Waukegan,  Illinois 


892 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


September  2,  1911. 


BUILDING  MATE 


$527 


Our  price  for  the  material 
to  build  this  house. 


HOUSE  DESIGN  No.  Ill 

Here  is  a  neat,  cozy,  little  cottage 
I  that  can  be  built  at  the  minimum  of 
cost  under  our  guaranteed  building 
proposition.  Size,  23  ft.  6  in.  wide  by 
33  ft.  Five  rooms  and  bath.  All  the 
comforts  desired  by  home-loving 
people.  Extra  large  porch.  Conveni¬ 
ent  interior.  For  the  price  it  is  impos 
sible  elsewhere  to  secure  a  home  witn  so 
many  excellent  features. 


$660 


Our  price  for  the  material 
to  build  this  house. 


HOUSE  DESIGN  No.  149 

The  Mansard  roof  construction  of  this 
design  enables  the  owner  to  utilize  all 
space  to  the  best  advantage  and  get  the 
very  most  to  be  had  for  the  money. 
Size,  21  ft.  wide  and  28  ft.  deep;  six 
rooms,  bath  and  basement.  This  de 
sign  offers  more  convenience  than 
many  larger  and  higher  priced 
houses.  Is  constructed  of  the  very 
best  materials  at  a  magnificent  saving. 


$698 


Our  price  for  the  material 
to  build  this  house. 

% 


FRIGES 
SHED!! 


NOW  IS  THWTIME  TO  BUILD  OR  IMPROVE 


HOUSE  DESIGN  No.  6 

This  is  our  leader.  Size,  23  ft.  by  33 
ft.  6  in.;  7  rooms  and  bath.  There  has 
never  been  a  design  offered  that  can  be 
built  in  so  economical  a  manner  with 
less  material  to  produce  satisfactory 
results  and  a  general  effect  of  elegance 
than  this  house.  Has  satisfactorily 
been  built  more  than  400  times 
during  the  last  two  years.  A  beautiful 
home  at  a  splendid  money-saving  price. 


Our  price  for  the  material 
to  build  this  house. 


HOUSE  DESIGN  No.  130 

Size,  25  ft.  10  in.  x  29  ft.  6  in.;  eight 
rooms  and  bath,  pantry,  vestibule  and 
large  hall.  A  square,  solid,  substantial 
construction.  All  space  is  advan¬ 
tageously  utilized.  The  Colonial 
windows  and  porch  columns  are  dis¬ 
tinctive  features.  For  convenience  and 
artistic  arrangement,  general  elegance 
of  appearance,  and  low  price,  this  house 
is  unequalled 


CHIL  JO  HOUSE  WRECKING  COMPANY 
THE  GREAT  PRICE  WRECKER. 

years  of  honest  dealing  guarantees  absolute  satis 
faction.  Any  material  not  up  to  our  representa- 


We  buy  supplies  at  Sheriffs’,  Receivers’,  and 
Factory  Sales,  besides  owning  outright  saw  mills 
and  lumber  yards.  Usually  when  you  buy  your 
building  material  elsewhere  for  the  complete  build¬ 
ings  shown  in  this  advertisement,  it  costs  you  from 
50  to  60%  more.  By  our  “direct  to  you”  meth¬ 
ods  we  eliminate  several  middlemen’s  profits. 

Every  stick  of  lumber  and  every  bit  of  building 
material  offered  in  this  advertisement  is  guaranteed 
brand  new  and  first  class;  as  good  as  you  can  pur¬ 
chase  from  anyone  anywhere. 

You  run  no  risk  in  dealing  with  us.  Our  capital 
stock  and  surplus  is  over  $1,500,000.00.  Our  18 


fears  of  honest  dealing  guarantees  absolute  satis 
Jaction.  Any  material  not  up  to  our  representa 
tion  may  be  returned  at  our  freight  expense  both 
ways  and  money  refunded  in  full. 

Our  wonderful  fall  building  offer  sets  a  new  pace 
in  the  building  world.  Never  before  have  such  re¬ 
markably  low  prices  been  published. 

Our  stock  includes  practically  every  manufac¬ 
tured  article.  Besides  building  material  we  have  a 
complete  stock  of  Dry  Goods,  Clothing,  Boots  and 
Shoes,  Furniture,  Household  Goods,  Groceries  —  in 
fact  everything  needed  in  the  home,  on  the  field  or 
in  the  workshop. 


CORRUGATED  ROOFING 

Pep  Square  $1.25 

Roofing  Prices  Metal  roofing  is  superior  to  all 

Smashed.  other  coverings.  A  fact  proven 
absolutely  and  conclusively  of  100 
years’  of  actual  experience.  We  carry 
a  complete  stock  of  all  styles. 

Here  is  a  roofing  offer  that  has 
never  before  been  equalled.  We 
have  5,000  squares  of  Corrugated 
Iron  Roofing  sheets  all  22x24x1  % 
In.  corrugation.  Strictly  new  first- 

class  that  we  offer  at  $1.25  per 
square  Free  on  Board  Cars  at 
Chicago.  At  this  price  we  do  not  pay  the  freight, 
hut  if  you  will  write  us  for  our  Great  Roofing 
Offer,  we  will  make  you  Freight  Prepaid  Prices 
lower  than  ever  offered  in  the  history  of  roofing 
material 

Our  stock  includes  painted  and  galvanized. 

We  can  furnish  it  in  flat,  corrugated,  standing 
seam,  “V  ’  crimped,  brick  siding,  -beaded  ceiling 
and  in  ornamental  fancy  ceiling.  In  fact  we  can 
furnish  your  every  want  in  the  covering  line. 

A  hammer  is  the  only  tool  needed  in  putting 
on  all  grades  but  the  standing  seam.  We  give  you 
free  with  every  order  for  3  squares  or  more  a 
handsome  serviceable  crucible  steel  hammer  that 
ordinarily  retails  from  75c  to  $1.00.  Write  today 
for  our  Great  Complete  Roofing  Catalog,  and  our 
latest  Roofing  quotations. 


“PREMIER”  HOUSE  PAINT 

Per  Gallon  $1.08 

Mr.  V.  Michaelsen,  Supt.  of  our 
Great  Paint  Dept,  is  probably  the 
best  known  paint  man  in  the  world. 

His  picture  nas  appeared  on  millions 
of  gallons  of  cans.  He  is  our  guar¬ 
antee  of  quality.  Our  Ready  Mixed 
“Premier”  Brand  of  Paints  are  made 
under  a  special  formula  and  will 
give  the  best  service  and  satisfaction. 

Our  prices  range  from  $1.08  to  $1.21, 
depending  upon  quantity. 

Our  “Premier”  Barn  Paint  is  an  ideal  protection 
for  barns,  roofs,  fences,  outhouses  and  all  general 
purposes.  This  is  a  paint  in  which  Mr.  Michaelsen 
has  put  all  his  personality.  Comes  in  green, 
maroon,  yellow,  lead,  red  and  slate.  flflA 

In  1  gallon  cans,  per  gallon . OaG 

In  25  gallon  cans,  (H  barrel),  per  gallon. . .  .72c 
Write  to-day  for  our  Great  Color  Card  and  prices 


$37.50  BUYS  COMPLETE 
BATHROOM  OUTFIT 

Here  is  an  outfit  that  is  good 
enough  for  any  home.  It  is 
strictly  A  No.  1  and  first-class 
in  every  particular.  The  bath 
tub  and  lavatory  are  white  por¬ 
celain  enameled  over  iron.  The 
closet  is  a  syphon  acting  low 
down  outfit. 

_  It  is  our  lot  No.  5-AD-33. 

Our  handsome  Plumbing^Catalog  lists  many  other 
outfits  ranging  in  prices  from  $26.30  to  $92.50. 

We  will  furnish  all  the  Plumbing  material  needed 
for  any  of  the  houses  shown  in  this  advertisement, 
including  one  of  the  bathroom  outfits  described 
above,  besides  a  one  piece  roll  rim  white  enameled 
kitchen  sink,  with  white  enameled  drain  board,  a 
30  gallon  range  boiler  and  all  the  necessary  pipe 
and  fittings,  and  all  material  of  every  kind  to  com¬ 
plete  the  ent  ire  plumbing  system,  including  all  fix¬ 
tures,  furnished  with  iron  pipe  connec-  OOQ  QC 
tions  for  the  sum  of . . . . OOJ.jJ 


CEMENT  COATED  WIRE  NAILS 
Per  Keg .  $1.92 

A  patent  process  coats  these 
nails  with  a  cement  preparation 
that  lasts  forever.  Drives  easily 
but  are  hard  to  pull  out.  Once 
use  them  and  you  will  have  no  others,  as  for  every 
purpose  they  are  far  superior  to  the  common  kind. 
Full  kegs — not  sold  by  pound  weight. 

Sizes  20D  to  60D  weight.  QO 

Price  per  keg . . . .  . . , . VliSt 

Other  sizes  equally  as  cheap. 


MONEY  SAVING  HARDWARE 
OPPORTUNITIES 

Complete,  wrought  steel,  copper  finish 
front  door  set.  Artistic,  attractive 
design.  Size,  4|x3i;  Mortise  0-f  IA 
lock  complete.  Price,  per  set.  $|a*ftU 
Complete  wrought  steel,  antique  copper 
finish  plated  front  mortise  lock  32x31.  One 
key  and  one  pair  of  knobs;  two  escutch 
eons  with  screws.  IQ. 

Per  set . *I0C 


READY  ROOFING,  Sqpuearre  85c 

Our  Rawhide  Roofing  is  the  high¬ 
est  grade  roofing  at  the  lowest  price 
ever  offered.  It  has  a  foundation  of 
tough  fibre  texture  so  substantially 
prepared  that  It  is  well-nigh  inde¬ 
structible.  Every  foot  carries  our 
iron-clad  guarantee  to  be  absolutely 
right. 

This  is  our  price  for  Ajax  Brand  of 
Ready  Roofing.  It  is  put  up  108 
square  feet  to  the  roll.  Price  includes 
large  headed  nails  and  cement  suffi¬ 
cient  to  lay. 

Price  for  1-ply . 

These  prices  include  freight  to  nilnols, 
Indiana,  Iowa,  Wisconsin,  Ohio  and  Michigan. 

Write  for  delivered  prices  to  other  states.  Samples 
furnished  free. 


tACnK0UC0MAl^ 

BRtidlSS 

As  TOUCH 

4S  its  N# 


85c 


GALVANIZED  WIRE,  $1.35 

PER  100  LBS. 

It  is  suitable  for  fencing,  stays, 
grape  vines  or  any  purpose  where 
ordinary  wire  is  used.  This  Galvan¬ 
ized  Wire  which  we  offer  at  this 
Great  Bargain  Wrecking  Price  is 
brand  new,  smooth  stock.  In 
manufacturing,  wire  mills  accumu¬ 
late  mill  ends — irregular  lengths 
ranging  from  50  to  250  ft.,  which 
are  bundled  together  in  coils  of  100  lbs.  The  wire 
itself  is  exactly  the  same  as  that  which  is  wound  on 
spools,  the  only  difference  being  that  the  lengths 
are  not  continuous.  Such  wire  is  known  as  Gal¬ 
vanized  Wire  Shorts. 

Handy  to  have  about  the  farm  for  many  pur- 

Eoses.  Extensively  used  by  fruit  growers,  fence 
uilders  and  all  kinds  of  repairs.  It  is  new,  smooth, 
clean  wire.  You  save  money  in  buying  from  us. 

$1.35  is  our  price  for  6  gauge.  Other  gauges  as 
follows: 

No.  8 . $1.40  No.  12 . $1.65 

No.  9 .  1.50  No.  14 .  1.75 

No.  11 .  1.60  Prices  are  per  100  lbs. 

Write  for  our  Free  Wire  Catalog,  which  includes 
prices  on  Samson's  Woven  Wire  Fencing  the  best 
all  around  farm  and  field  fence.  Also  quotes  low 
prices  on  Barbed  Wire  and  everything  in  the  wire 
and  fencing  line. 


HEATING  PLANTS 

We  will  save  you  30  to  50%  on  a 

modern  steam,  hot  water  or  hot  air  heat¬ 
ing  system.  A  modem  heating  system 
is  now  within  the  reach  of  all.  We  have 
hot  water  heating  plants  for  modern 
homes  all  the  way  from  $100  up. 

By  following  our  simple  plans  and  in 
structions,  you  can  install  your  own  ma 
terial,  thus  cutting  out  the  expense 
of  plumbers  and  steamfitters.  This 
together  with  the  great  saving  we  afford  you  on 
the  material  itself  insures  a  saving  of  30  to  50% . 


IRON  PIPE  AND  FITTINGS 

Rejuvenated  Pipe,  in  ran¬ 
dom  lengths,  complete  with  iswnu  ixi4,»pqfc 
couplings,  suitable  for  gas,  tWHilTniniyil 
oil,  water  and  conveyance 
of  all  liquids.  Sizes  f  inch  to  12  inch. 

1  inch,  per  foot . .  3c  1 M  inch,  per  foot . .  4c 
Send  us  specifications  and  we  will  quote  for  your 
exact  requirements.  Also  a  complete  stock  of  Valves 
and  Fittings. 


Our  price  for  the  material 
to  build  this  barn. 


$568 


OUR  JOIST  FRAME  BARN  No.  221 

Size,  36  ft.  by  48  ft.  Height  to  top  of  roof, 
38  ft.  6  in.  The  most  practical  and  service 
able  barn  ever  designed.  No  heavy  timber 
in  the  entire  structure.  Self-supporting  roof. 
No  joists  in  hay-loft.  This  design  represents 
strength,  rigidity,  economy  of  construction, 
and  is  absolutely  dependable  and  substantial. 
Write  us  for  more  complete  information. 


Our  price  for  the  material 
to  build  this  barn. 


OUR  ‘‘STAR’’  BARN  DESIGN  No.  270 

Size,  53  ft.  wide  by  80  ft.  long  24  ft.  to  comb. 
An  ideal  barn  for  farmers  raising  stock 
on  a  moderate  scale;  balloon  type.  The  hay¬ 
mow  extends  to  the  ground  floor  and  above  the 
grain  rooms  on  each  end  of  the  bam.  Cattle 
stalls  on  one  side  of  the  hay-mow;  horse  stalls 
on  the  other.  Excellently  ventilated  in  every 
part.  A  practical  barn  well  built  of  guaranteed 
first-class  material,  and  will  give  excellent,  all 
around  satisfaction. 


Our  price  for  the  material 
to  build  this  barn.}/ 


$616 


BARN  DESIGN  No.  250 

Size,  30  ft.  wide  and  60  ft.  long,  18  ft.  to  top 
of  the  plate.  A  barn  arranged  exclusively 
for  horses.  Has  12  single  stalls,  5  ft.  each, 
and  6  double  stalls,  10  ft.  each.  Ten  foot 
driveway.  Can  also  be  used  as  a  horse  and  a 
cattle  bam  and  will  accommodate  12  horses 
and  18  head  of  cattle.  A  building  of  brand 
new  high  grade  materials,  dependable  construc¬ 
tion,  sanitary  and  generally  convenient 
throughout. 


Our  price  for  the  material 
to  build  this  barn. 


$937 


ROUND  BARN  DESIGN  No.  206 

Size,  20  ft.  in  diameter  and  16  ft.  high  to 
plate.  Has  14  sides,  each  side  14  ft.  A  i6  ft. 
Silo  in  the  middle,  same  being  36  ft.  high  and 
will  hold  160  tons  of  silage.  Hay  capacity,  65 
tons.  Will  accommodate  100  head  of 
cattle.  The  many  and  excellent  features 
offered  by  this  construction,  the  high  grade 
materials  furnished  by  us,  and  our  extremely 
low  price  makes  this  a  bam  bargain  worthy  of 
thorough  investigation. 


FILL  OUT  THIS  COUPON 


No.  No  W. 

57 


Chicago  House  Wrecking  Co.,  Chicago. 

I  saw  your  ad  in  the  The  Rural  New-Yorker 
I  am  interested  in . 


Place  an  X  in  square  opposite  book  you  want  sent  free. 

Flan  Book  □  Paint  Bcok 

Roofing  Book  _  Wire  List 

Iron  Pipe 
Acety.  Lights. 


Plumbing  Book 
Heating  Book 


Name . . . 

Town .  County... 

State  . .  R.  F.  D . 


P.  ©.  Box.. , 


ANY  OF  THESE  PRICE  WRECKING  BOOKS  SENT  ABSOLUTELY  FREE! 


PLAN  BOOK 

Upwards  of  100  medi¬ 
um  'price  houses,  barns 
and  other  designs  shown. 
Each  design  represents 
beauty,  utility,  substan¬ 
tial  construction  and  the 
lowest  possi¬ 
ble  price. 

This 

Valuable 
Book 
Free. 


ROOFING  BOOK 

This  book  explains  all 
about  metal  roofing, 
ready  roofing  and  all 
other  styles.  Tells  how 
to  apply  same  in  the 
most  eco¬ 
nomical  and 
satisfactory 
manner. 
Quotes  low¬ 
est  prices  on 
highest  class 
material. 

Sent  Free. 


1 


PLUMBING  BOOK 

A  complete  education 
in  plumbing  so  you  can 
equip  any  building  of  any 
style  or  size  and  save 
yourself  at  least  50%  by 
taking  ad¬ 
vantage  of 
the  bargains 
offered. 


53  Our 
-£•  Great 
ihiBook  on 
Plumbing 


Sent 

Absolutely 
Free  on 
Request. 


HEATING  BOOK 

Hot  water,  steam,  and 
hot  air  heating  fully  de¬ 
scribed.  Tells  how  to 
economically  and  success¬ 
fully  install  any  heating 
plant.  Prices 
quoted  mean 
a  saving  of 
o  ne-t  bird. 
Satisfaction 
guaranteed. 


This  Book 
Free. 


PAINT  BOOK 

A  book  shoving  actual  I 
colors,  40  shades  to  select 
from.  Informs  you  fully 
regarding  application  to 
get  lasting  results.  Every 
quotation  a 
saving  o  f  | 
from  30% 
to  50  %  , 
Tells  all 
about  paint- 
i  n  g  and 
pain  ters  ■  | 
supplies. 

Free  Paint  Book.  . 


CHICAGO  HOUSE  WRECKING  CO.,  35th  and  Iron  Sts.,  CHICAGO I 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4115. 


NEW  YORK,  SEPTEMBER  9,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR 


DRYING  THE  FEET  OF  APPLE  TREES. 
What  Old  Orchards  Can  Do. 

One  thing  we  try  to  avoid — “big  stories.”  The 
plain  truth  is  never  a  big  story — that  is,  an  exaggera¬ 
tion  or  some  truthful  fact  stretched  and  twisted  away 
from  its  true  meaning.  You  can  make  a  “big  story” 
out  of  the  truth  by  cutting  out  the  history  or  teaching 
a  false  lesson  from  it. 

Some  of  the  worst  big  stories  are  written  about 
orchards.  We  all  know  that  certain  trees  will  in  cer¬ 
tain  years  give  a  tremendous  crop.  The  big  story¬ 
teller  can  take  the  exact  crop  from  one  of  these  par¬ 
ticular  trees  in  a  favored  season,  multiply  it  by  50 
as  the  crop  from  an  acre,  and  then  multiply  that 
acre  by  20.  He  tells  this  story  as  though  it  were  a 
common  thing,  and  as  if  the  average  back-to-the-land 
farmer  could  go  out  without  much  experience  and 
duplicate  these  figures.  That  is  one  reason  why  we 
hesitate  ever  to  tell  some  of  the  true  stories  about 
what  skilled  business 
men  have  done  in  or¬ 
charding.  If  we  could 
always  make  it  clear  just 
what  success  stands  for 
it  would  be  a  different 
matter,  but  the  story  is 
almost  sure  to  be  mis¬ 
understood  by  the  very 
people  who  ought  to  ap¬ 
preciate  the  shade  which 
goes  along  with  it.  We 
give,  however,  the  facts 
in  the  following  case,  as 
they  are  typical  of  what 
is  being  done  in  many 
parts  of  the  country  by 
business  apple  growers. 

Mr.  J.  S.  Beckwith,  of 
Orleans  County,  New 
York,  has  been  in  the 
cold  storage  business  for 
some  years.  He  got  the 
idea  of  developing  farms 
or  more  particularly 
neglected  orchards  as  a 
business  enterprise. 

Three  years  ago  he 
bought  a  farm  in  Or¬ 
leans  County  near  Lake 
Ontario.  This  farm  had 
28  acres  of  mature  apple 

orchard.  The  trees  had  not  done  great  things  in  the 
past,  but  the  first  crop  of  fruit  brought  Mr.  Beckwith 
$18,000.  We  must  understand,  however,  that  there 
was,  back  of  this,  a  lot  of  good  money  invested  to 
produce  this  crop.  Part  of  this  money  went  into  a 
lime-sulplntr  plant,  the  mixture  being  used  to  kill  the 
scale.  In  addition  to  this  car  after  car  from  Buffalo 
brought  stock-yard  manure.  This  was  hauled  from 
the  railroad  a  mile  and  a  half,  and  applied  thickly 
with  a  spreader  among  the  trees.  Then  came  car 
after  car  of  lime,  and  this  was  spread  in  the  same 
machine.  You  will  see  that  Mr.  Beckwith  went  at 
this  proposition  just  as  a  man  would  who  had  bought 
a  factory  and  made  up  his  mind  to  put  his  money 
into  it  in  order  that  he  might  take  money  out.  Large 
capital  is  required  to  handle  orchards  of  this  sort  suc¬ 
cessfully.  It  cannot  be  done  without  money  and  with¬ 
out  all  necessary  apparatus  and  material.  The  ques¬ 
tion  of  labor  must  also  be  considered. 

After  this  crop  of  fruit  was  sold  Mr.  Beckwith 
bought  another  farm  of  90  acres  in  Oswego  County. 


This  farm  had  a  mature  apple  orchard  of  46  acres. 
Here  was  another  and  different  proposition,  for  this 
orchard  was  on  wet  land  undrained,  and  in  the  46 
acres  there  were  500  vacancies  where  the  trees  had 
died  from  wet  feet.  This  orchard  had  received  less 
care  than  the  28  acres  in  Orleans  County.  When 
the  manager  started  in  to  prune  those  trees  the  neigh¬ 
bors  declared  that  he  would  ruin  the  orchard.  They 
cut  up  45  cords  of  wood  from  the  first  pruning.  The 
manager  was  raised  in  an  apple  country.  He  knew 
what  he  was  doing,  and  the  old  tops  had  to  come 
down.  The  first  crop  of  barreling  stock  was  only 
about  700  barrels,  there  being  a  heavy  crop  of  evapo¬ 
rator  fruit  due  to  a  high  wind.  The  second  crop 
from  the  Orleans  County  farm  did  not  sell  for  as 
much  as  the  first  one,  yet  five  figures  were  required 
to  name  it.  In  1910  the  crop  of  apples  from  both 
these  farms  sold  for  about  $30,000.  Mr.  Beckwith 
has  planted  in  the  three  years  60  acres  of  pears, 
peaches,  quinces  and  cherries.  At  the  present  time 


late  cabbage  is  growing  in  all  these  60  acres  of  young 
orchard,  and  will  no  doubt  more  than  pay  for  the  care 
and  labor  in  fitting  and  planting  the  land.  This  inter¬ 
cropping  makes  the  orchard  pay  its  own  way. 

It  early  become  evident  that  the  Oswego  County 
orchard  must  be  drained.  In  the  Spring  of  1910 
tile  drainage  was  begun  on  both  farms.  In  the  Orleans 
County  orchard  29,000  feet  of  tile  were  buried  and 
on  the  Oswego  place  16,000  feet,  the  latter  mostly 
mains.  In  order  to  secure  good  outlet  it  was  neces¬ 
sary  to  put  some  of  these  mains  over  nine  feet  deep. 
During  the  present  season  the  remainder  of  the  drains 
were  put  into  the  Oswego  orchard,  making  a  total  of 
60,000  feet  for  the  one  farm  of  90  acres.  Mr.  Beck¬ 
with’s  father  is  now  putting  in  55,000  feet  more  of 
tile  on  a  new  orchard  in  Orleans  County.  This 
work  is  done  with  a  steam  traction  ditcher,  15  men 
and  two  teams.  Some  44,000  feet  of  this  tile  is  in  a 
young  50-acre  orchard  only  four  years  from  planting. 
Our  picture  on  this  page,  Fig.  356,  shows  the 
gang  of  drainers  who  are  now  on  the  job.  This  ex¬ 


tensive  draining  of  apple  orchard  alone  is  something 
of  a  new  thing,  yet  the  results  already  justify  the 
work,  and  show  the  necessity  of  giving  our  apple 
trees  a  chance  to  dry  their  feet,  if  we  expect  them  to 
do  their  best.  Mr.  Beckwith  still  lives  in  Orleans 
County,  and  leaves  the  management  of  his  farms  to 
competent  managers.  Fie  selects  men  who  know  their 
business  and  then  gives  them  a  free  hand.  All  that 
he  looks  out  for  is  results.  This  gives  the  manager  a 
chance  to  make  good  if  he  has  it  in  him.  It  often 
happens  that  a  man  undertakes  to  run  a  farm,  but  is 
sadly  handicapped  through  petty  dictation  from  au 
owner  who  lives  miles  away,  and  merely  comes  to 
the  place  to  find  fault  before  studying  the  full  situa¬ 
tion.  We  give  these  facts  about  orcharding  because 
few  of  our  people  seem  to  realize  the  tremendous 
work  that  is  being  done  in  saving  or  building  up  old 
orchards.  During  the  past  few  years  the  value  of 
some  of  the  old  trees  and  orchards  throughout  the 
Eastern  States  has  come  to  be  recognized  by  observ¬ 
ing  men,  and  some  of 
them  are  being  taken  up 
as  a  speculation,  and  a 
profitable  one  at  that.  A 
man  must  understand 
what  he  is  doing  in  or¬ 
der  to  handle  such  a 
thing  to  advantage,  but* 
there  can  be  no  question 
about  the  opportunity 
for  making  money  and 
developing  a  business  for 
those  who  have  the  capi¬ 
tal  and  the  skill,  and  are 
willing  to  do  the  work  in 
reviving  apple  trees  that 
are  of  mature  age.  Take 
a  tree  with  a  sound  trunk 
or  body  and  a  fair  root 
system  and  a  reasonably 
good  top,  the  man  who 
knows  how  can  bring 
that  tree  to  profitable 
bearing  and  keep  it  there 
without  great  trouble.  A 
good  authority  tells  us 
that  there  are  thousands 
of  old  veteran  apple  trees 
in  New  England  which 
might  be  given  new  life 
in  this  way.  But  be  sure 
you  understand  that  this 
is  a  full  man’s  job — a  man  with  all  the  trimmings  of 
brain  and  energy  and  patience.  In  a  few  cases  already 
worked  out  the  profit  of  the  enterprise  is  assured. 


A  PENNSYLVANIA  STONE  WALL. 

We  live  in  Pennsylvania,  and  love  the  farms  of  the 
Keystone  State.  We  do  not  like  to  have  residents  of 
other  States  claiming  championships  in  anything  per¬ 
taining  to  the  farm,  even  such  nuisances  as  stone 
walls,  so  will  tell  about  one  to  compare  with  those 
mentioned  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  on  pages  701  and  814. 
The  Exeter  Fruit  Farm  was  originally  a  truck  and 
dairy  farm,  well  covered  with  stones  and  rocks.  The 
owners  cleared  the  land  of  stones  for  two  reasons ; 
to  get  the  stones  off  the  land,  and  build  walls  to  con¬ 
fine  the  cattle.  They  were  laid  up  into  very  heavy 
walls  in  order  to  use  up  all  the  stones  possible.  When 
the  farm  was  turned  into  a  fruit  farm  these  walls 
were  a  nuisance,  as  they  prevented  driving  from  one 
orchard  into  another,  and  harbored  vermin,  rabbits, 


S04 

woodchucks,  etc.,  besides  occupying  much  valuable 
space.  To  get  them  removed  has  been  quite  a  prob¬ 
lem.  Two  miles  of  them  has  been  disposed  of  in  the 
last  two  years.  Most  of  them  have  been  buried  in 
the  road  and  low  places.  The  one  shown  in  the  pho¬ 
tograph,  P'ig.  357,  was  left  until  the  last,  because  it 
was  the  heaviest,  being  on  an  average  10  foot  wide 
on  the  bottom,  8p2  on  top,  five  high  and  725  feet 
long.  This  one  was  buried  where  it  stood.  This 
picture  was  taken  while  the  work  was  being  done, 
and  fairly  well  shows  how  this  was  accomplished. 
A  trench  was  dug  along  each  side  and  filled  to  the 
top.  Then  another  was  dug  across  the  end  and 
more  of  the  stones  put  into  this  one,  the  dirt  from 
the  cross  trench  being  thrown  back  each  time  on  top 
of  the  stones  already  placed,  so  it  was  well  covered. 
That  thrown  out  from  the  side  trenches  was  then 
plowed  over  and  all  leveled  off  nicely.  When  com¬ 
pleted  there  was  a  little  raise  in  the  land,  but  not 
enough  to  prevent  driving  or  working  over  it  readily. 
The  whole  job  cost  $235,  a  little  over  32  cents  per 
running  foot,  the  cost  of  a  job  of  this  kind  being 
governed  Iargelv  by  the  nature  of  the  soil  to  dig  and 
the  availability  of  cheap  labor.  In  this  case  the  soil 
could  be  shoveled  out  without  using  a  pick  very  much. 
Italians  were  hired  at  $1.50  per  day  of  nine  hours. 

Luzerne  Co.,  Pa.  w.  j.  lewis. 


AN  EXPERIENCE  WITH  TREE  AGENTS. 

I  was  much  interested  in  reading  an  article  in  a 
recent  issue  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  concerning  the  question 
of  the  right  which  a  purchaser  of  nursery  stock  might 
have  to  cancel  an  order  where  circumstances  are  such 
that  he  cannot  use  the  contemplated  purchase.  I  had 
such  an  experience  with  a  nurse^  firm,  and  they  in¬ 
sisted  on  delivering  the  stock  at  my  place,  although  T 
wrote  them  before  the  same  had  been  shipped  and 
told  them  not  to  ship  it  and  gave  my  reasons  there¬ 
for.  They  wrote  back  that  their  orders  were  not 
subject  to  cancellation,  and  that  I  must  pay  for  it.  I 
then  wrote  them  that  if  they  left  it  at  my  place  in  my 
absence  it  would  be  at  their  own  risk  and  if  I  were 
present  I  should  refuse  to  accept  it.  and  they  then 
delivered  it  during  my  absence.  I  heeled-in  the  stock 
and  wrote  them  they  could  have  it  when  they  chose 
to  call  for  it.  They  wrote  me  a  great  many  times  and 
finally  placed  the  matter  in  the  hands  of  an  attorney. 
I  told  their  representative  that  I  wished  they  would 
bring  suit  against  me,  as  I  just  wanted  to  write  out 
the  circumstances  of  the  case  for  your  paper.  I  think 
1  made  a  mistake  in  announcing  my  attentions  in  that 
respect,  as  they  never  did  anything  about  it.  Their 
claim  was  legally  unsound,  however,  as  the  proper 
position  for  them  to  take  in  a  case  where  cancella¬ 
tion  is  made  is  to  sell  the  stock  for  what  they  can 
and  the  purchaser  can  then  be  made  to  stand  any  loss. 
I  tried  to  get  them  to  do  that  in  my  case,  but  they 
refused.  My  experience  with  these  people  is  of  such 
a  character  that  I  will  never  again  give  an  order  to 
an  agent.  Stewart  n.  dunning. 

Connecticut. 

R.  N.-Y. — We  have  many  reports  from  such  deals. 
Now  we  would  like  to  have  some -one  tell  us  what 
they  ever  expect  to  gain  by  signing  such  a  contract 
with  an  agent.  They  usually  pay  more  for  the  stock, 
and  are  no  better  cared  for  than  when  they  buy  direct. 
Why  should  anyone  sign  one  of  these  contracts? 

Tree  Agents  and  Unoccupied  Farms. 

T  do  not  know  why  a  farmer  should  not  sign  a 
contract  with  a  nursery  firm  as  well  as  with  any  other 
firm.  Personally,  I  would  rather  sign  a  contract  than 
not.  for  then  I  have  it  in  black  and  white,  and  each 
party  knows  just  what  they  are  to  do.  Tn  my  own 
case,  I  had  read  in  the  “Dakota  Farmer”  that  I  could 
buy  nursery  stock  cheaper  from  the  nurseries,  and  I 
looked  through  the  advertising  columns  of  all  of  my 
farm  paper  (five)  for  the  address  of  a  firm  that  sold 
direct  to  farmers,  and  did  not  find  any.  I  wanted  the 
stock  and  was  not  then  acquainted  with  The  R.  N.-Y. 

1  think  the  firms  that  sell  direct  to  consumers  should 
do  more  advertising.  My  complaint  with  Rice  Bros. 
Co.  was  not  because  I  signed  a  contract  nor  because 
the  price  was  too  high,  but  that  they  failed  to  keep 
their  part  of  the  contract  and  replace  the  trees  and 
bushes  that  died.  I  suppose  that  I  could  make  them 
do  so,  but  am  afraid  that  the  cost  of  doing  so  would 
be  more  than  my  claim  ($7). 

The  man  in  southwest  Texas  is  having  about  as 
much  experience  as  I  am  here  in  southern  New  York. 

I  came  here  from  South  Dakota  in  the  Fall  of  1907, 
with  $10,000  in  cash,  stock  and  mortgages.  I  bought 
a  river  farm  of  124  acres  for  $6500.  and  paid  $1,000 
down  and  $1200  more  in  three  equal  payments.  I 
traded  a  mortgage  for  a  hill  farm  of  $200  acres,  and 
got  $960  difference.  I  bought  more  stock,  tools  and 
so  on.  Both  farms  were  in  a  rundown  condition,  and 
it  has  cost  me  a  considerable  sum  to  establish  them 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

on  a  paying  basis,  but  have  finally  done  so.  I  bought 
my  South  Dakota  land  for  about  one-fourth  of  what  I 
sold  it  for,  while  I  was  a  locomotive  engineer  in 
Pennsylvania.  My  health  failed  and  I  had  to  resign 
on  that  account.  It  is  better  on  the  farm  and  I  weigh 
50  pounds  less  than  I  used  to.  l.  n.  s. 

R.  N.-Y.- — This  very  experience  shows  that  the  con¬ 
tract  was  one-sided.  The  nursery  firm  would  hold 
you  tight  for  the  goods,  but  did  not  fill  their  part  b,r 
replacing  the  dead  ones. 


A  COURAGEOUS  APPLE  TREE. 

Forty-odd  years  ago  when  I  first  knew  the  apple 
tree  shown  in  Fig.  359  the  part  now  lying  prone  on 
the  ground  from  A  to  B  was  the  upright  trunk,  then 
some  eight  inches  in  diameter.  It  was  somewhat  in¬ 
clined  to  the  right  (as  here  pictured),  probably  due  to 
injury  to  the  roots  on  one  side  by  the  plow,  in  con¬ 
nection  with  the  prevailing  westerly  winds  gradually 
crowding  it  over.  As  it  continued  to  settle  slowly,  a 
prop  the  size  of  an  ordinary  fence  post  was  keyed 
under  where  the  branches  began.  As  this  gradually 
rotted  away  at  the  ground  with  consequent  further 
inclination  of  the  trunk,  the  tree  attempted  to  right  it¬ 
self  by  developing  upright  branches  and  lopping  off 
overhanging  ones,  the  latter  process  occasionally 
assisted  by  the  saw  of  the  owner.  After  the  prop 
finally  gave  way  a  stove-wood  block  took  its  place, 
to  decay  and  disappear  in  its  turn,  until  the  tree 
reached  its  present  shape  and  condition ;  its  roots  at 
A,  the  upright  trunk,  well  shaped  and  balanced,  de¬ 
veloped  from  an  ordinary  branch,  vigorous,  and  in 
all  these  years  bearing  its  quota  of  fruit  in  every  apple 
season.  Is  not  this  a  fine  example  of  courage  in  dis¬ 
tress?  c.  c.  m 'derm ID. 

Michigan. 

STRUGGLE  FOR  ALFALFA  IN  MAINE. 

Evidence  continues  to  accumulate  that  it  is  only  a 
question  of  time  when  the  farmers  of  Maine  will  be 
growing  Alfalfa  with  profit.  During  the  present 
Summer  I  have  located  probably  20  different  farms 
where  it  has  survived  from  one  to  four  Winters. 
None  of  them  has  yet  secured  a  profitable  stand, 
and  the  common  error  seems  to  have  been  sowing  too 
early.  The  picture,  Fig.  358,  was  taken  on  the  farm 
of  George  H.  Caldwell,  Kennebec  County,  July  31. 
The  plot  had  been  mowed  the  sixth  of  the  month, 
yet  the  second  growth  averaged  at  least  a  foot  high. 
Mr.  Caldwell  planted  his  Alfalfa  on  limed  soil  June 
10,  1910.  He  mowed  it  to  check  the  weeds  August  2, 
and  it  went  into  the  Winter  with  a  growth  of  about 
one  foot.  The  plot  contains  considerable  grass  and 
weeds,  but  what  Alfalfa  there  is  shows  fine  color  and 
growth.  Mr.  Caldwell  has  at  least  abundant  soil  for 
inoculating  his  next  experiment. 

Roland  T.  Patten,  of  Somerset  County,  sowed  an 
acre  of  Alfalfa  the  last  week  in  July,  and  at  the 
present  writing  it  could  not  possibly  look  better.  Mr. 
Patten  is  one  of  the  few  farmers  who  keep  accurate 
accounts,  and  he  reports  the  cost  of  getting  in  the 
crop  as  follows:  Plowing  Fall  of  1910,  $2.50;  har¬ 
rowing  once  in  Fall  and  six  times  May  15-July  15, 
$3.60;  one  ton  lime,  $10;  two  tons  ashes.  $30;  20 
pounds  seed,  $4;  preparing  and  sowing,  $1;  hand 
work  on  weed  spots  since  sowing,  50  cents;  total, 
$51.60. 

In  figuring  the  profit  from  the  crop  when  cut  Mr. 
Patten  will  add  $10  to  the  above  cost  on  account  of 
fertility  left  over  from  the  preceding  year,  and  $5 
for  rent  of  the  land  each  season.  With  reasonable 
success  he  can  hardly  fail  to  cut  enough  Alfalfa  next 
year  to  pay  for  the  original  outlay,  leaving  the  future 
crops  to  show  a  large  profit. 

Maine.  Christopher  m.  gallup. 

SCHOOL  GARDENS  AND  TEACHING  AGRI¬ 
CULTURE. 

Having  read  an  article  on  school  gardening  in  a  re¬ 
cent  number  of  The  R.  N.-Y.,  and  being  a  teacher  of 
several  years’  experience,  I  venture  a  few  remarks 
along  this  line.  I  notice  the  writer  of  the  article  is  a 
resident  of  Arkansas,  and,  according  to  his  statement, 

I  infer  that  not  much  is  being  done  by  the  State  to 
encourage  agriculture  in  the  schools  of  ^he  State. 

The  Educational  Department  of  the  State  of  New 
York  includes  agriculture  in  its  course  of  study  for 
the  professional  training  of  teachers,  and  has  outlined 
a  course  of  study  in  “nature  study  and  agriculture” 
which  the  teachers  of  the  State  are  supposed  to  fol¬ 
low  in  the  grades.  Much  of  the  work  imposes  no 
added  burden  on  the  teacher,  as  it  can  be  profitably 
correlated  with  other  subjects.  The  College  of  Agri¬ 
culture  at  Tthaca,  N.  Y.,  on  request,  furnishes  leaf¬ 
lets  to  both  teachers  and  pupils,  each  month.  These 
leaflets  are  not  theoretical,  but  are  practical  works 
prepared  by  eminent  authorities  along  this  line  and 


September  9, 

follow  closely  the  course  of  study  outlined  by  the 
State. 

The  writer  states  that  school  in  his  section  is  held 
during  Fall  and  Winter  only.  This  is  to  be  regretted, 
as  it  does  not  afford  so  good  an  opportunity  for 
practical  work  in  school  gardening.  However,  the 
germination  of  seeds  and  the  growth  of  plants  can,  in 
a  measure,  be  observed  by  the  school.  Seeds  may  be 
placed  between  blotters  and  kept  moist  and  warm,  and 
then  watched  closely  each  day.  Other  seeds  may  be 
placed  in  cans  of  earth,  the  cans  or  boxes  placed  in 
the  school  windows,  and  the  earth  kept  moist  and 
warm.  This  affords  opportunity  to  watch  growth  of 
plants  for  some  time,  and  can  be  done  during  cold 
weather  when  school  is  in  session  and  the  ground  too 
cold  for  outdoor  planting.  Much  good  comes  from 
talking  with  pupils  about  soil,  drainage,  etc.,  and  the 
care  of  certain  plants,  mentioning  conditions  existing 
in  the  immediate  vicinity.  The  teacher  may  visit  the 
parents  and  interest  them  in  the  matter  and  can 
usually  get  their  consent  to  let  the  child  have  a  small 
piece  of  ground,  all  his  own,  where  he  can  put  to 
practice  what  has  been  learned  the  previous  Winter. 
Not  all  this  work  can  be  accomplished  by  one  teacher, 
but  if  each  succeeding  teacher  conscientiously  carries 
on  the  good  work  begun  by  his  or  her  predecessor 
the  pupil  will  soon  have  gained  much  practical  knowl¬ 
edge  of  gardening.  It  does  not  necessarily  follow 
that  the  teacher  should  be  specially  trained  along  this 
line  of  work,  if  he  or  she  have  a  love  for  it. 

The  Department  of  Agriculture  at  Washington, 
D.  C.,  sends  out,  each  month,  to  those  who  request  it, 
a  list  of  publications  from  which  one  may  make  selec¬ 
tions  of  works  wanted.  Many  of  these  are  gratis, 
while  for  some  few  a  moderate  price  is  charged. 
Then,  too,  the  State  Experiment  Station  furnishes 
many  free  publications  in  which  the  interested  person 
may  find  much  that  is  helpful.  Encourage  reading  of 
farm  papers.  Being  interested  in  this  phase  of  educa¬ 
tion,  I  should  like  to  read  suggestions  from  others  in 
different  localities,  as  it  seems  that  much  good  may 
accrue  from  it.  ray  p.  travis. 

Yates  Co.,  N.  Y. 


GOING  “BACK  TO  THE  LAND.” 

I  am  at  the  age  of  42  years,  married,  no  children,  a 
mechanic.  1  have  worked  indoors  27  years,  and  have  all 
my  life  yearned  for  a  farm,  although  I  have  absolutely  no 
knowledge  of  farming  or  anything  pertaining  to  such.  I 
have  saved  quite  some  money,  and  also  have  a  valuable 
partner  and  hustler,'  my  wife,  who  is  not  afraid  of  hard 
work,  even  to  digging  and  rough  work  if  called  upon  to  do 
such.  My  idea  would  be  to  start  a  farm  in  the  Hudson 
Valley,  say  with  about  75  acres  of  ground  principally  for 
making  milk  and  raising  poultry  and  eggs,  also  taking 
Summer  boarders.  From  time  to  time  I  have  put  this 
question  to  my  friends  who  are  not  farmers,  and  they  in 
reply  give  me  some  very  discouraging  answers.  They  tell 
me  there  is  no  profit  or  money,  nothing  but  hard  work 
attached  to  it.  I  don’t  expect  to  make  a  lot  of  money, 
but  could  I  expect  a  comfortable  living  by  working  hard? 
Could  one  man  take  care  of  about  seven  cows  and  say 
about  200  hens,  and  what  would  be  the  profit  net  per 
week  of  same?  Would  it  also  pay  to  take  four  or  five 
Summer  boarders?  j.  R  R 

New  Jersey. 

Very  likely  your  friends  are  wise,  yet  they  do  not 
tell  it  all.  There  is  hard  work  on  such  a  farm.  If  you 
read  the  stories  of  those  who  write  the  farm  diaries 
you  will  see  that  they  get  up  early  and  stay  late,  and 
have  no  let-up  through  the  day.  If  any  man  has  an 
idea  that  such  a  scheme  as  you  outline  involves  any¬ 
thing  but  hard  and  dirty  work  he  should  get  away 
from  it  at  once.  Another  thing  the  back-to-the-land 
man  must  be  prepared  for  is  the  fact  that  he  must 
make  his  own  pay  days.  In  the  town  he  gets  his 
money  every  week  or  month,  and  knows  what  he 
will  have  to  spend.  On  the  farm  he  is  paid  only 
when  he  sells  something  and  collects  for  it.  Instead 
of  paying  cash  for  all  he  buys  he  must  learn  how  to 
get  food  and  fuel  out  of  the  farm.  Many  fail  in  their 
efforts  to  change  their  business  methods  without  any 
definite  pay  day.  Another  great  cause  of  failure  is 
the  inability  of  the  women  folks  to  adapt  themselves 
to  farm  conditions.  They  think  they  can  endure, 
and  they  try  to  do  so,  but  the  work  is  hard,  and 
when  Winter  shuts  them  in  with  snow  and  cold  or 
muddy  roads  they  miss  the  society  of  the  town,  and 
a  terror  falls  upon  them. 

This  man  has  fair  capital  and  has  brought  out 
a  good  plan.  He  can  take  care  of  the  stock  he  men¬ 
tions,  but  no  one  can  tell  him  how  much  income  or 
profit  per  week  he  can  expect.  There  is  the  great 
difference  between  town  and  city  labor.  With  a  “job” 
or  a  trade  you  can  figure  your  income  closely.  On  a 
farm  there  are  so  many  things  which  might  upset  all 
calculations  that  no  one  who  was  wise  would  venture 
a  statement. 

You  will  ask  then  what  can  a  man  hope  to  gain  by 
going  to  a  farm?  Home,  independence  and  a  perman¬ 
ent  job.  These  are  the  possibilities.  He  will  work 
harder  to  start  with  than  he  would  in  town,  but  he 
will  be  his  own  boss  and  if  he  works  with  good  judg¬ 
ment  his  property  will  increase  in  value  and  become 
more  saleable. 


1911. 


THR  RUR.A.L,  NEW-YORKER 


896 


GRADUATE  AGRICULTURAL  REFLECTIONS. 

In  looking  back  over  the  past  few  years,  since 
being  graduated  from  college,  I  wonder  if  I  have 
made,  or  begun  to  make,  any  appreciable  return  to  the 
State  for  its  part  of  the  expense  in  educating  me  for 
agricultural  work.  I  wonder  still  more  if  I  am  mak¬ 
ing -the  best  use  of  that  education.  If  not,  is  it  my 


A  PENNSYLVANIA  STONE  WALL.  Fig,  357. 

own  lack  of  ability,  or  aye  there  other  economic  con¬ 
ditions  standing  in  the  way? 

While  in  Cornell,  as  I  recall  my  classmates  in  agri¬ 
culture,  they  were  nearly  all  students  of  small  means. 
Yet  we  were  educated  in  the  use  of  the  latest  and 
most  improved  machinery,  the  cultivation  of  large 
fields — in  short,  the  undertaking  of  a  large  work,  in¬ 
volving  a  large  outlay  of  capital.  Our  ideals  were 
raised,  so  that  conditions  existing  on  so 
many  country  farms,  which  we  formerly 
tolerated,  perhaps  considered  good,  we 
could  now  no  longer  endure.  What  is 
the  desire  of  most  agricultural  students 
toward  the  close  of  the  senior  year?  If 
human  nature  does  not  differ  very 
greatly  from  my  own,  it  is  to  go  back 
to  the  country,  have  a  better  house,  bet¬ 
ter  conveniences,  a  lawn  with  trees  and 
shrubs  and  flowers,  with  a  symmetry 
and  a  sympathy  through  it  all — I  let  the 
reader  fill  in  the  romance — but  she  must 
have  the  best.  Likewise  a  sanitary  barn, 
and  this  should  house  tested  Holstein 
cows  developing  into  a  strain  that 
should  be  known  beyond  the  State ;  the 
fields  should  yield  more  and  better 
crops.  The  leisure,  too,  and  its  best 
enjoyment,  should  be  well  proportioned 
with  honest  work. 

But  where  are  we  now?  Scattered 
through  all  the  States,  Canada,  South 
America,  and  South  Africa;  employed  by  the  govern¬ 
ment.  corporations  and  private  land  holders.  Only  a 
few  do  I  recall  working  their  own  farms.  Why  do 
we  not  buy  cheap  farms,  go  in  debt,  begin  in  a  small 
way,  and  work  to  independence?  Economists  tell  us 
that  the  efficient  educated  man  should  work  the  high¬ 
est-priced  land,  use  the  highest  grade  machinery  and 
fertilizers.  My  own  reason  why  I  am  working  for 
another  and  not  for  myself  is,  I  believe,  honestly  this : 
Having  no  available  means,  I  believe  I  should  be  con¬ 
siderably  embarrassed  in  attempting  to  make  a  loan 
sufficiently  large  to  carry  on  farm  operations,  as  they 
should  be,  in  my  estimation.  As  to  starting  on  a  small 
farm  with  little  means  and  little  to  work  with,  few 
conveniences  and  the  up-hill  always  before  me,  I  may 
say  that  I  worked  my  time  at  that  on  my  father’s 
farm  (faithfully,  too,)  before  entering  college.  The 
crest  of  the  hill  seemed  always  just  as  far  away.  I 
may  be  wrong;  sacrifices  and  self-denial,  with  all 
work  and  no  play  now,  might  bring  leisure  and  inde¬ 
pendence  later.  However,  I  believe  we  live  largely  in 
the  present.  Therefore,  I  reason  that  by  working  for 
another  at  a  fair  salary,  I  have  ready  money  for 
present  needs,  I  can  rent  house  and  conveniences, 
which  would  involve  large  outlay  of  capital  on  a  farm. 
Working  hours  are  not  too  long,  churches,  libraries 
and  other  valuable  social  features  are  accessible.  Re¬ 
sponsibility  is  removed.  (I  do  not  think  this  a  fea¬ 
ture  to  be  desired  if  one  would  advance.  In  the 
majority  of  cases  one  cannot  do  his  best  or  exert  his 
individuality.  He  is  not  the  moving  spirit.  Very  often 
the  educated  employee  sees  opportunity  for  large  im¬ 
provement  ;  but  it  is  not  his  to  undertake.  He  can 
but  do  the  best  possible  in  the  field  assigned  him.) 
One  may  save  a  small  amount  each  year  and  expect  a 
small  raise  in  salary  annually.  This  does  not  leave  a 
very  large  margin  for  the  realization  of  one’s  ideals. 
One,  too,  is  giving  the  best  part  of  his  life  in  the 


services  of  another.  There  is  no  time  when  one  is 
so  energetic,  confident  and  capable  of  doing  things  as 
in  young  manhood.  If  this  is  true,  then,  for  the  sake 
of  the  man,  the  State  and  the  country,  he  should  be 
.unfettered  and  free  to  do  his  best  at  this  time.  This 
is  not  the  case,  if  he  works  his  own  farm  hampered 
for  lack  of  capital,  or  if  he  works  for  another. 

A  solution  which  has  often  occurred  to  me  has  some 
points  worth  considering,  I  think,  though  it  may  not 
be  feasible,  and  is  this :  Should  the  State’s  obliga¬ 
tions  cease  when  the  student  secures  his  diploma? 
May  I  draw  an  illustration?  Let  us  suppose  a  father 
rears  a  son  on  an  island.  One  day  the  boy  becomes 
restless  for  larger  things.  The  father  tells  the  son 
he  will  teach  him  how  to  row,  which  he  does  in  a 
boat  always  fast  to  the  shore.  When  the  son  has 
learned  the  strokes,  the  father  says,  “Now,  my  boy, 
you  know  how  to  cross  the  waters ;  great  things  are 
before  you.”  The  father  then  withdraws  to  give  his 
attention  to  other  growing  sons  and  affairs ;  but  fails 
to  unlock  the  boat  from  its  moorings.  The  result  is 
obvious,  plenty  of  knowledge  and  ambition  but  he 
lacks  the  key  to  the  lock  which  may  be  analogous 
to  a  check  on  the  bank,  to  the  farmer  boy. 

We  learn  of  the  Canadian  Government  loaning 
large  sums  to  its  farmers  for  the  purpose  of  drain¬ 
ing  their  lands.  Our  States  and  Government  expend 
large  sums  for  bettering  agricultural  conditions.  New 
York  State  has  a  large  staff  of  institute  workers  and 
others  for  the  purpose  of  interesting  and  instructing 
rural  communities.  New  York  State  has  many  un¬ 
occupied  farms,  and  much  cheap  agricultural  land 
of  excellent  quality.  As  to  markets,  no  State  has 
better.  Agricultural  students  ought  to  be  and  are 
taught  to  be  leaders  in  their  communities,  by  co¬ 
operation  and  otherwise,  to  better  agricultural  inter¬ 
ests.  Now,  if  the  State  would  place  its  agricultural 


A  FEW  MAIN  CROPS  OF  MAINE.  Fig.  358. 

graduates  on  these  abandoned  farms  through  the 
different  counties,  supply  them  with  capital  at  a 
moderate  rate  of  interest  (under  recommendation 
from  the  college  of  agriculture)  what  might  the  re¬ 
sults  be? 

1.  The  best  agriculturists  the  State  can  produce 
would  be  kept  at  home. 

2.  Abandoned  farms  would  be,  in  part  at  least,  set¬ 
tled  by  the  most  intelligent  and  skilled  farmers. 

3.  Agriculture  would  be  elevated  in  rural  communi¬ 
ties  and  the  actual  precept  and  example  ought  to  be  fat- 
more  valuable  than  Winter  institutes. 

4.  The  student  would  be  free  to  do  his  best,  which 
means  best  for  the  community,  best  for  the  State,  and 
best  for  the  country. 

5.  The  educated  agriculturist  should  be  the  maxi¬ 
mum  economic  producer.  The  sooner  conditions  are 
made  possible  for  him  to  obtain  a  maximum  produc¬ 
tion,  the  sooner  and  the  greater  will  the  State  be  re¬ 
paid  for  its  outlay  in  education. 

There  may  be  other  reasons  in  favor  of  this  plan. 
There  may  be  reasons  opposing  it.  The  State  surely 
should  be  a  loser,  only  in  rare  cases  (else  there  is 
fault  in  our  agricultural  colleges).  The  student  would 
be  a  great  gainer,  and  agriculture  would  receive  a 
great  boon.  college  graduate. 

BETTER  MILK  -  BETTER  MONEY. 

I  have  just  been  reading  Bulletin  337,  sent  out  by 
the  Geneva,  N.  Y.,  Experiment  Station,  telling  how 
a  small  city  improved  its  milk  supply.  These  bulletins 
are  free  to  every  dairyman  in  New  York  State,  and 
every  milk  producer  in  the  State  should  read  this 
particular  one.  It  does  seem  strange  that  among  a 
body  of  producers  large  enough  to  produce  milk  and 
deliver  50,000  cans  of  milk  and  cream  at  receiving 
stations  daily  for  the  New  York  market  alone,  an  or¬ 
ganization  large  enough  to  become  effective,  and 


strong  enough  to  control  the  business,  does  not  exist. 
Years  keep  passing  by,  and  there  is  no  voice  raised 
except  in  protest  by  the  farmer;  therefore,  when  a 
guide  post  does  appear  we  all  of  us  should  sit  up 
and  take  notice.  Boards  of  health  throughout  the 
country  have  inaugurated  systems  of  inspection  and 
improvements  in  the  method  of  producing  and  hand¬ 
ling  milk.  The  cost  of  these  improvements  falls  on 
the  farmer.  It  is  demonstrated  in  this  bulletin  that 
he  cannot  stand  the  expense  at  the  price  he  receives 
for  his  product,  and  that  in  the  small  city  of  Geneva, 
where  the  experiment  was  conducted,  marked  im¬ 
provement  was  made  only  after  the  price  was  raised. 
They  estimate  the  cost  of  producing  sanitary  milk  at 
one  cent  per  quart  above  the  price  formerly  paid,  and 
further  say  that  under  the  present  system  of  indem¬ 
nity  of  reacting  cows,  tuberculin-tested  milk  will  cost 
one-half  cent  extra,  and  without  State  aid  one  cent 
extra  per  quart. 

It  is  just  as  well  for  the  farmer  to  acquaint  him¬ 
self  with  these  facts  before  contracting  day  appears. 
Under  the  head  of  needed  improvements  he  has  done 
much  without  compensation,  but  these  things  are 
mere  trifles  to  what  the  future  will  bring  forth.  You 
and  I  know  we  can  go  in  our  stables,  milk  a  cow, 
strain  the  milk,  and  cool  it ;  then  if  placed  on  ice  in  a 
covered  vessel  it  will  keep  sweet  and  wholesome  for 
days.  Now,  if  there  is  mortality  resulting  from  this 
milk  the  germ  is  injected  into  it  after  it  leaves  the 
farmer’s  hands.  The  producer  needs  an  organization 
to  sustain  this  fact  and  fight  for  his  rights.  Large 
milk  companies,  notably  the  Bordens,  have  invited 
members  of  woman’s  clubs  and  parties  of  doctors  to 
become  their  guests  and  inspect  their  various  receiv¬ 
ing  stations,  and  a  few  farms.  This  is  done  purely 
as  an  advertisement,  and  the  public  will  stand  the  ex¬ 
pense  in  the  end.  The  farmer  has  stood  it  this  year 
by  receiving  \ll/z  cents  a  hundred  pounds 
under  New  York  price.  The  dairymen 
should  impress  themselves  with  the  fact 
that  there  can  be  no  legal  redress  for 
losses  caused  by  orders  of  inspectors  sent 
out  by  the  boards  of  health ;  their  power 
is  absolute.  The  public  is  also  unwilling 
to  pay  the  extra  price  for  milk  of  higher 
quality,  although  they  applaud  loudly 
the  efforts  of  reformers. 

How  best  to  secure  the  added  com¬ 
pensation  necessary  for  the  production 
of  sanitary  milk,  which  practically 
means  certified  milk,  is  a  question  of 
interest  to  us  all.  It  cannot  be  done  by 
f talk  or  discussion,  neither  can  it  be  se¬ 
cured  by  reviling  the  middleman;  in 
fact  I  know  of  a  farmers’  weekly  which 
has  done  nothing  for  years  except  find 
fault  with  the  milk  situation;  no  effort 
at  organization  or  a  remedy  for  the  evils 
they  denounce  has  ever  been  set  forth 
by  them. 

The  section  of  producers  in  our  immediate  area  who 
read  this  article  cannot  alone  bring  about  any  lasting 
reform.  A  concentrated  movement  among  four-fifths 
of  the  producers  with  an  agreement  to  contract  for 
and  supply  90  per  cent  of  last  year’s  output  by  each 
producer,  with  an  organization  to  control  the  supply 
in  the  future,  would  look  like  a  real  beginning. 

Since  writing  this  article  two  months  ago  I  have 


COULD  NOT  KEEP  THIS  TREE  DOWN!  Fig.  35'J. 

decided  not  to  accept  further  Bordens  prices  along 
with  Bordens  suggestions,  and  will  either  sell  to  a 
local  creamery  or  manufacture  on  the  farm. 

Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.  c.  e.  h. 


896 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[  Every  query  must  t>e  accompanied  by  the 
name  and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure 
attention.  Before  asking  a  question,  please  see 
whether  it  is  not  answered  in  our  advertising 
columns.  Ask  only  a  few  questions  at  one  time. 
Pn'.  questions  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper.] 


A  BUNCH  OF  QUESTIONS. 

E.  R.,  Hamilton ,  Md.- — The  top  soil  of 
my  farm  is  a  good  loam,  hut  like  many 
farms  around  me  the  subsoil  in  many  places 
is  a  very  hard  clay ;  in  fact,  so  hard  it 
tvoul  require  a  pick  to  dig  it.  I  have  in 
mind  to  use  a  posthole  digger  wherever  I 
find  the  above  condition,  and  dig  holes 
every  10  feet  each  way  to  the  depth  of 
two  to  three  feet,  and  placing  a  charge 
of  dynamite,  loosen  up  the  subsoil,  so  as 
to  allow  the  rains  to  sink  to  a  good  depth 
instead  of  carrying  off  the  top  soil.  Is 
this  advisable?  2.  I  have  a  two-acre  grove 
of  large  White  oak  and  chestnut  trees.  It 
has  an  undergrowth  of  huckleberry  and 
honeysuckles  (Do  you  call  them  native 
Azaleas?).  The  grove  is  situated  south¬ 
west  of  the  house  about  200  feet,  and  in 
the  Spring  when  the  wild  flowers  are  in 
bloom  makes  a  beautiful  sight.  How  can 
I  best  utilize  this  grove?  Would  it  be  a 
good  place  to  raise  hogs,  or  would  it  be 
best  to  clean  out  the  underbrush  and  sow 
orchard  grass?  What  is  your  advice?  3. 
Would  you  raise  potatoes  in  an  orchard, 
or  what  vegetables  might  be  raised  in  an 
orchard?  4.  Would  you  use  kainit  as  a 
fertilizer  for  corn?  5.  What  is  the  cheap¬ 
est  method  of  draining  land,  if  stones  are 
not  convenient — -boards  or  concrete  (one 
cement  to  four  sand)?  1  have  in  mind  to 
use  short  boards  four  feet  long,  four  inches 
wide,  and  nail  them  together  in  shape  of 
inverted  V,  and  placing  them  in  the  trench 
three  feet  deep  and  on  top  put  a  layer  of 
concrete  three  inches  deep. 

Ans. — 1.  There  is  no  doubt  that 
charges  of  dynamite  would  blow  up  the 
subsoil  extremely  effectively,  though  I 
have  never  tried  the  plan,  but  it  seems 
to  me  that  the  dynamite  would  do  bet¬ 
ter  work  in  a  smaller  hole  or  one  made 
with  a  crowbar.  Nevertheless,  I  believe 
that  a  good  subsoiling  with  a  good  sub¬ 
soil  plow  following  a  turning  plow 
would  do  very  good  work  in  your  soil, 
though  the  effect  of  any  deep  loosening 
of  the  subsoil  would  not  be  very  last¬ 
ing  in  your  level  land.  '  The  dynamite 
would  throw  the  subsoil  clay  all  over  the 
land  and  would  make  troublesome  con¬ 
ditions  for  a  time  until  it  had  got  mel¬ 
lowed  and  sweetened,  while  a  subsoiling 
to  a  depth  of  16  inches  all  over  the  land 
would  keep  the  tough  clay  off  the  sur¬ 
face.  I  would  prefer  Fall  plowing  and 
the  subsoil  plow. 

2.  What  you  call  honeysuckles  are 
certainly  one  of  our  native  Azaleas. 
What  you  should  do  with  the  grove  will 
depend  on  the  use  you  make  of  it.  If 
you  want  it  to  renew  itself  and  be  pro¬ 
ductive  of  material  for  cutting  you 
should  let  the  underbrush  alone  and  keep 
the  forest  conditions  intact.  Cleaning 
up  the  undergrowth  and  seeding  to 
grass  will  put  an  end  to  forest  repro¬ 
duction,  and  you  will  have  simply  a 
pretty  grove.  Stock  of  any  sort  would 
damage  the  undergrowth,  hogs  less  than 
any.  But  if  you  want  to  enjoy  the  wild 
flowers  and  have  an  occasional  tree  to 
cut  to  utilize  I  would  leave  the  woods 
in  its  natural  condition  merely  cleaning 
out  brush  and  worthless  trees  and  en¬ 
couraging  the  growth  of  valuable  ones. 

3.  In  a  young  orchard  a  crop  of  early 
Irish  potatoes  is  as  good  a  crop  as  any, 
for  it  will  be  out  of  the  way  by  the  time 
the  trees  have  made  their  growth  for 
the  season,  and  you  can  sow  Crimson 
clover  in  the  orchard  for  a  Winter 
cover  and  a  crop  to  turn  under  in  the 
Spring. 

4.  That  depends  on  the  needs  of 
your  soil.  If  potash  is  needed  I  would 
use  the  muriate  or  the  sulphate  of  pot¬ 
ash  rather  than  kainit,  for  you  will  only 
have  to  freight  one-fourth  as  much  to 
get  the  potash  needed,  for  kainit  has 
but  12  per  cent  of  potash  while  the 
other  more  concentrated  forms  have  50 
per  cent.  As  a  rule  however  I  believe 
that  the  best  preparation  for  corn  is  a 
Crimson  clover  sod  on  which  the  farm 
maqure  has  been  spread  during  the 
Winter.  Last  year  W.  Oscar  Collier 
of  Talbot  Co.,  Md.,  made  nearly  100 
bushels  of  corn  an  acre  on  a  clover  sod 
that  was  lightly  limed  after  turning. 
Commercial  fertilizers  pay  best  on  the 
wheat  crop  in  the  form  of  phosphoric 
acid  and  potash,  and  if  you  farm  in  a 
good  rotation  and  grow  plenty  of 
legume  crops  and  feed  them  and  return 
the  manure  to  the  land  you  will  never 
need  to  buy  any  fertilizer  containing 
ammonia. 

5.  The  cheapest  method  of  draining 
land  is  not  always  the  best  or  most 
effectual.  The  method  you  propose 


THE  RURAL, 


NEW-YORKER 


September  9, 


would  be  neither  cheap  nor  effective  for 
two  planks  nailed  V-shape  and  inverted 
would  soon  choke  and  be  useless  from 
settling  in  the  soil.  I  know  plank 
drains  that  have  been  effective  for  over 
20  years,  but  they  were  made  complete 
box  form  of  four  planks  nailed,  break¬ 
ing  joints,  and  nothing  like  cement 
above  them.  I  have  also  drained  land 
over  20  years  ago  that  is  still  drained 
by  cutting  a  ditch  along  the  base  of  the 
higher  land  and  from  this  cutting 
ditches  straight  to  a  stream  as  an  out¬ 
let.  In  these  ditches  I  laid  two  skinned 
pine  poles  with  a  space  between  them 
and  a  third  pole  on  top,  covered  them 
with  pine  leaves  and  then  with  earth. 
That  was  on  a  piece  of  bottom  land 
surrounded  by  hills,  and  formerly  grew 
only  willows  and  water  stood  on  it  all 
Winter.  It  now  grows  fine  crops  of 
Red  clover  and  corn.  The  best  way 
to  underdrain  is  to  use  the  earthenware 
tiles  made  for  the  purpose.  These, 
properly  laid  with  a  uniform  grade,  are 
the  most  permanent  thing  to  use  for 
underdrains.  w.  f.  massey. 


Fermentation  of  Manure. 

A.  A.,  New  York. — In  prodding  a  heap 
of  manure  a  cloud  of  hot  air  or  vapor 
arises.  What  is  it,  and  would  it  be  worth 
anything  to  the  farmer  if  it  could  be  kept 
in  the  manure  and  placed  in  the  soil? 

Ans. — When  manure,  and  particu¬ 
larly  horse  manure,  is  left  in  a  pile 
fermentation  starts.  Considerable  heat 
is  generated  and  the  pile  is  well 
“cooked”  or  steamed.  Most  of  the 
steam  or  vapor  which  you  notice  is 
water  escaping  in  that  form  much  as  it 
would  pass  away  from  a  boiler  with 
heat  under  it.  The  vapor  does  not 
hurt  the  manure — it  simply  dries  the 
pile  out.  If,  however,  you  can  smell 
ammonia  in  this  vapor  you  are  losing 
the  best  part  of  the  manure.  Nearly 
everyone  knows  how  ammonia  smells. 
If  you  find  it  passing  from  the  manure 
pile  put  on  water  or  liquid  manure  and 
stamp  the  pile  down  hard.  Mix  land 
plaster  or  acid  phosphate  into  the  pile. 
It  is  not  likely  that  the  hot  air  or 
vapor  you  speak  of  is  carrying  away 
plant  food. 


Human  Piebalds. 

Are  there  any  eases  on  record  where 
dark-skinned  humans  of  mixed  breeding 
have  taken  the  piebald  or  calico  color  seen 
in  horses  and  other  animals?  J.  S.  B. 

Ans. — This  was  referred  to  the 
Smithsonian  Institute  at  Washington 
with  this  reply:  Dr.  Ales  Hrdlicka, 

Curator  of  Physical  Anthropology, 
states  that  no  such  effect  of  mixture  is 
known  in  man.  Occasionally  the  face 
of  a  white-black  mixed  breed  will  be 
found  covered  with  freckles  of  darker 
color.  Piebald  skin  may  occur  in  the 
Negro,  but  it  represents  a  pathological 
condition.  w.  tie  o.  ravened. 


Fertilizer  with  Green  Manure. 

In  directions  for  growing  nearly  all  veg¬ 
etables.  well-rotted  manure  is  recommend¬ 
ed.  As  this  is  hard  to  obtain.  I  would 
like  the  nearest  analysis  of  fertilizer, 
which  with  green  manure  if  needed,  would 
answer  the  purpose.  C.  J.  D. 

The  advantages  of  rotted  manure  are 
that  it  is  fine  and  can  be  evenly  spread, 
while  the  nitrogen  in  It  is  quite  available. 
The  following  mixture  will  give  a  better 
combination  of  plant  food  than  such  ma¬ 
nure:  100  pounds  nitrate  of  soda,  100 
pounds  dried  blood.  30o  pounds  acid  phos¬ 
phate.  100  pounds  sulphate  of  potash.  It 
is  usually  better  to  plow  under  coarse  ma¬ 
nure,  while  the  fine,  rotted  manure  can 
be  broadcast  and  harrowed  in. 


Pennsylvania  Weed  Law. 

Is  there  any  weed  law  in  Pennsylvania 
which  will  enable  me  to  prevent  my  neigh¬ 
bor  from  letting  wild  carrots  go  to  seed  so 
that  my  land  will  become  foul? 

HEADER. 

There  is  no  law  in  Pennsylvania  for  the 
prevention  of  weeds,  except  that  the  Canada 
thistle  must  be  cut  before  maturing  seed  by 
the  owner  of  the  land  on  which  the  thistles 
grow,  and  in  default  of  which  it  becomes 
the  duty  of  the  township  officers  on  notice 
from  persons  likely  to  suffer  injury,  to  have 
them  cut  and  collect  the  cost  of  cutting 
from  the  owner  of  the  land. 


“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 


Our  style  M  No.  90  men’s  seamless  hose  ;  combed  Maco 
yarn;  interspaced  linen  heel  and  toe,  elastic  tops;  com¬ 
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hole-free  or  new  hose  free.  Trial  pair  postpaid  25c.  De¬ 
scriptive  leaflet  on  other  styles  free. 

Economy  Stocking  Co.,  SSo-f  J>,  Broadway,  K.  Y. 


GOOD  SEED  WHEAI“u“”  “ohS* "vS.’S 

that  bring  results— 85  to  48  bushels  per  ncre.  Red 
Wave.  Gypsy,  White  Fultz,  Improved  Poole,  Har¬ 
vest  King,  Rudy,  Winter  King  and  Red  Wonder. 
Ask  for  our  Special  Wheat  Circular;  it’s  free. 

MACE  &  MANSFIELD,  Greenville,  Ohio 


IMflTHY  SFFFl  and  alsike,  both  new  crop, 
imu  i  11  I  vluu  ;ind  without  a  single  weed, 
so  alfalfa,  vetch  ami  crimson  clover. 

M.  Scott  &  Sox,  100  Main  St.,  Marysville,  Ohio. 


The 

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YOU  Want 


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J  per— controlled  by  foot  button — gives  you  free  use 
of  both  hands — prevents  accident  or  injury  to  oper¬ 
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Capacity  Practically  Unlimited 

Friction  clutch  pulley  keeps  the  “Ohio”  under  perfect 
control — stars  and  atop,  it  quick.  Cot  our  free  book 

an. I  Tbe 


Alfalfa  Clover 

Should  be  sown  during  August  and  Sep¬ 
tember.  We  offer  high  grade  seed  and 
will  send  you  sample  and  prices  on  re¬ 
quest. 

Crimson  Clover 

the  great  soil  improver:  also  earlv  green 
foovl.  grazing  and  hay.  Special  circular, 
sample  and  price  of  seed  on  request. 

Winter  Vetch 

(Vicia  Villosa) 

Valuable  as  a  winter  cover  crop  and  for 
green  manure.  Extremely  hardy .  Write 
for  price.  _ 

Dreer’s  Autumn  Catalog 

Ready  early  in  September  and  mailed  free  to 
all  applicants:  offers  Seeds,  Plants  and  Bulbs 
for  Fall  planting.  Write  for  a  copy. 


HENRY  A.  DREER 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA 


FRUIT  TREES 

We  are  ready  to  take  orders  for  Fall  Delivery 

for  BLACK’S  QUALITY  TREES. 
.  .  .  Send,  for  Hooklet  .  .  . 

JOS.  H.  BLACK,  SON  A  CO..  HIGHTST0WN,  N.  J. 


CALIFORNIA 


D  D  |  CT  Best  of  the  Hedge  Plants — an  ideal 
*  1  w  *“  *  hedge  for  fawn  purposes.  A  quick 

grower.  No  thorns.  Easily  trained.  California  Privet 
is  generally  known  and  universally  popular.  Particu¬ 
larly  suitable  for  private  grounds.  Perfectly  hardy  ami 
almost  evergreen.  Large  stock.  Prompt  shipments. 
Plant  this  Fall  and  gain  a  season.  Write  today  for  free 
Catalog  of  Trees,  Vines,  etc. 

ARTHUR  J.  COLLINS 
Box  R  Moorestewn,  N*  J. 


Tnprft  FOR  FALL  PLANTING.  We 

I  K  !■  !■  V  have  the  finest  stands  of  pear.  plum. 
ILLu  and  cherry  ever  grown  in  the  Upper 
Genesee  Valley.  Write  us  today. 
KING  BROS.  NURSERIES,  Dansvitle,  N.Y. 


Peach 


ELBERTA 
The  Best 


Strawberry  s^EL?tR 


TREES! 


CATALOG  FREE 

MEYER  d 
SON, 

Bridgeville,  Del. 


The 


By  the  Millions.  A  complete  line 
at  wholesale  prices.  Large  supply 
of  peach  trees  and  Privet  Hedging. 
Westminster  Nursery,  Westminster,  Maryland 


EDIIIT  TDCCC  and  plants  of  all  kinds  at 

rnUI  I  I  nCbv  Reasonable  Prices.  Send 
for  Price  List.  BASIL  PERRY,  D.  18.  Cool  Spring,  Del. 

2000  Acres  in  Nurseries-10  .Valuable  Farms  For  Safe, 
- - -  Harrison  s  Nurseries,  Berlin,  Md. 

APPI  F  TRFF^ — All  kinds  Trees  and  Plants. 

BF '  kt  I  llktw  Prices  reasonable.  Salesmen 
Wanted.  Mitchell’s  Nursery,  Beverly.  Ohio 

APPLE  BARRELS-fAi  StTH 

or  Hoops.  ROBT.  GILLIES,  Medina,  N.  Y. 

JONES  SEED  WHEAT 

Pure  and  Well  Cleaned.  “St.  Louis  Grand  Prize”  and 
“Red  Wave.”  Two  of  the  best  yielding  and  fly  re¬ 
sisting  wheats  grown.  Send  for  samples  and  prices 

to  J.  N.  McPHERSON,  Pine  View  Farm,  Scottsville.  N.  Y. 


The  Best  Roof 


—For*  the  Home 
—  The  Barns  and 
—Out.  buildings 

The  standard  of  du¬ 
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When  a  patent,  art/.  - 
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made  to  measure  up  to 
this  — it  will  be  worth 
your  consideration —  ~ 

worth  your  buying.  Up  to  date,  however,  no 
patent  roofing  has  been  invented  that  can 
give  the  service  and  satisfaction  of  slate. 


Sea  Green  and  Purple 

Roofing  Slate 

is  nature’s  own  and  the  one  reliable  roofing  for  your 
home,  barn,  factory  or  out-buildings  whether  these 
be  old  or  new. 


It  costs  no  more  than  artificial  Imitations— is  proof 
against  bra-brands— never  becomes  water  soaked, 
never  dries  out,  splits,  warps  or  needs  repainting  or 
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The  best  roofing  is  none  too  good  for  you.  The 
kind  that  never  wears  out  is  the  kind  you  want 
Specify  that  Sea  Green  or  Purple  Slate  be  used  and  you 
effectually  solve  your  roofing  problems  for  the  balance 
of  your  natural  life. 


Tell  us  Where  to  Send  This  Booklet 

of  practical,  timely  and  helpful  hints  that  will  Save  you 
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and  mail  the  coupon  below.  Upon  receipt,  your  copy  will  bo 
forwarded — without  cost  or  obligation — by  return  mall. 

fThe  American  Soa  Greon  Slate  Co. 

(.Roofs  that  never  wear  out) 

,  HO  Clark  Street,  Granville,  N.  Y. 

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Hyacinths,  Darwin  and  other 
Tulips,  Narcissus  and  Crocus, 
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other  Native  and  Foreign  Bulbs 
and  Roots  in  endless  variety. 

The  Largest  Assortment  in  America 

CATALOGUE  NOW  READY 
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ib  H.RFarm  Engine  tfylASO 

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4  &  6  h.  p.  sixes  at  proportionate  prices. 
Also  complete  line  of  2  cycle  engines. 

Very  simple.  Uses  little  fuel.  Best  material 
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Shipped  complete  all  ready  to  run.  No  extras 
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THE 

BEST  FARM 

LOCATIONS 


To  the  man  looking  for  a  home  where  productive  lands,  favorable  climate 
and  abundant  rainfall  make  the  best  paying  farm  locations  in  America,  the 
Southeast  is  now  the  unequalled  section.  Land  from  $10  to  $50  an  acre  near 
the  heart  of  the  country  and  close  to  the  best  markets.  The  largest  returns 
from  Alfalfa  and  other  hay,  wheat,  corn  and  all  truck  crops.  Land  unsur¬ 
passed  for  live  stock  and  poultry  x-aising  and  dairying.  For  fruit  growing 
no  region  is  more  profitable. 

Beef  and  pork  are  produced  at  from  3  to  4  cents  a  pound.  Experts  say  no 
other  section  can  compete  with  the  South  in  stock  raising.  Our  mountain 
and  Piedmont  regions  will  be  the  most  successful  daily  districts  of  the  country.  As  many  as  6  crops 
of  Alfalfa  a  season  are  harvested.  Other  hay  crops  are  also  large.  Hay  brings  $12  to  $22  a  ton. 
The  Southeast  is  rapidly  coming  to  the  front  as  a  corn  section  Onr  States  will  grow  600,000.000 
bushels  this  year.  Good  farmers  can  get  the  largest  yield  possible  anywhere,  as  returns  prove.  The 
south  is  the  leading  section  for  truck  farming  of  all  kinds,  and  growers  make  the  largest  profits. 

THE  SOUTHEAST  HAS  LOCATIONS  FOR  EVERY  KIND  OF  FARMING 

The  climate  assures  not  only  the  finest  results  from  intelligent  agriculture,  hut  makes  the  region  unsur" 
passed  as  a  healthful  and  pleasant  home  location.  The  Southeast  is  an  OPEN  WINTER  country,  and  its  sum" 
mers  are  enjoyable.  You  will  be  able  to  locate  where  there  are  good  schools,  church  facilities,  good  loads’ 
rural  delivery  and  all  other  advantages. 

The  Southern  Railway  and  associated  lines  will  help  you  to  find  the  location  you  desire.  Our  several  publi¬ 
cations,  free  on  application,  will  tell  you  about  the  region  where  the  greatest  farm  opportunities  await  you. 

Address  M.  V.  RICHARDS,  Land  and  Industrial  Agent,  Southern  Kailway 
1341  Pennsylvania  Ave,  .....  Washington,  D.  C. 


JLtTX  X  ■ 


KuKAb  NEW  -YORKER 


897 


INSECT  ENEMIES  OF  THE  APPLE  TREE. 

Among  the  enemies  of  the  apple  tree 
with  which  the  orchardist  has  to  con¬ 
tend  there  are  four  worms  which  are 
quite  common;  the  tent  caterpillar,  the 
canker-worm,  the  Fall  web-worm,  and 
the  apple  tree-borer.  The  three  first 
mentioned  may  all  be  successfully  com¬ 
bated  by  spraying,  since  they  all  at¬ 
tack  and  subsist  in  the  larval  state  on 
the  foliage.  But  it  is  not  every  farmer 
with  more  or  less  trees  -who  is  equipped 
with  spraying  machinery,  and  other 
means  have  to  be  resorted  to  or  none 
at  all.  The  tent  caterpillar,  which  is 
perhaps  the  most  common  and  conse¬ 
quently  the  most  destructive  of  the 
three,  lays  its  eggs  in  the  Summer — 
July  and  August — around  the  smaller 
twigs,  in  quite  large  numbers.  These 
clusters  of  eggs  are  about  one  inch  or 
more  in  length,  extend  clear  around  the 
twig,  and  look  as  though  they  had 
been  incorporated  in  a  ass  of  glue 
and  thoroughly  coated  over  with  the 
same  substance,  which  has  a  dark, 
gluish  looking  appearance.  A  cut  of 
one  just  taken  from  a  tree  is  shown 
in  Fig.  360. 

After  the  leaves  have  fallen  in 


HOME  OF  TENT  CATERPILLAR.  Fig.  360 


Autumn  these  clusters  of  eggs  may 
easily  be  detected  on  young  trees  at  any 
time  throughout  the  Fall,  Winter  and 
Spring,  and  cut  off  and  destroyed.  If 
these  eggs  have  not  been  discovered 
and  dealt  with  they  will  hatch  out 
the  following  Spring  at  about  the  time 
when  the  buds  open  and  the  first  leaves 
begin  to  push  forward.  The  young 
are  very  small  when  first  hatched,  and 
would  be  unnoticed  by  the  casual  ob¬ 
server  until  they  begin  to  weave  their 
web,  or  build  their  tent,  as  it  is  more 
commonly  called.  This  is  done  down 
the  limb  in  some  convenient  crotch — 
the  tent  being  very  small  at  first,  but 
growing  larger  very  rapidly.  At  any 
time  after  hatching  they  may  be 
sprayed  effectively  with  any  of  the  poi¬ 
sons  used  for  the  purpose ;  Paris  green 
or  preferably  arsenite  of  lead.  If  a 
good  spraying  apparatus  is  not  at  hand 
the  young  worms  may  be  “wiped  out” 
of  existence  with  an  old  rag  or  a 
bunch  of  grass ;  and  later,  when  they 
have  grown  to  nearly  their  full  size, 
varying  somewhat  from  about  two 
inches,  they  may  be  burned  by  attach¬ 
ing  an  old  rag  to  a  pole  and  saturating 
with  kerosene.  This  ignited  and  held 
under  the  nest  or  tent  will  make  quick 
work.  The  worms  hatching  from  one 
good-sized  cluster  of  eggs,  unchecked, 
are  sufficient  completely  to  destroy  a 
young  apple  tree  from  one  to  three 
years  old,  and  it  stands  one  in  hand 
who  is  setting  out  young  stock  to  keep 
an  eye  out  for  this  pest;  and  should 
the  cluster  of  eggs  have  been  unde¬ 
tected  and  the  eggs  have  hatched  to 
see  to  it  that  they  do  not  get  under 
headway.  The  nests  when  quite  small 
can  easily  be  seen  some  distance  away. 
Each  day  the  damage  done  is  greater 
and  greater  as  the  worms  increase  in 
size.  The  tent  caterpillar  has  not  been 
very  numerous  in  this  section  the  pres¬ 
ent  season,  but  the  indications  are  that 
there  will  be  plenty  of  them  another 
year.  f.  h.  m'farland. 

Vermont. 


Dripping  Chimney, 

G.  M.,  Maine. — Can  you  tell  me  liow  to 
prevent  creosote  from  a  wood  furnace  fire 
forming  in ‘my  chimney?  It  penetrates  the 
brick  and  mortar  both  outside  and  inside 
of  the  house  and  runs  down  outside  of  chim¬ 
ney.  The  flue  is  about  18  inches  square 
with  no  cap  or  covering  on  top. 

Ans. — This  troublesome  drip  is  caused 
by  a  defective  chimney  or  the  use  of 
green  wood.  If  dry  fuel  has  been  used, 
the  difficulty  is  probably  with  the  chim¬ 
ney.  This  may  have  to  be  rebuilt,  but 
in  some  cases  a  simpler  way  to  correct 
the  trouble  may  be  found  by  making  an 
opening  in  chimney  below  stovepipe  and 
putting  in  a  piece  of  iron  pipe  or  a  grat¬ 
ing  that  can  be  closed  when  desired.  If 
done  properly  this  will  improve  the  draft 
and  help  dry  out  the  chimney.  One  ef¬ 
fective  way  to  clean  the  chimney  is  to 
lower  a  rope  from  the  top  and  fasten  to 
it  a  bunch  of  thorns  or  some  other  rough 
bushes.  This  is  pulled  up  and  down  the 
chimney  until  the  lumps  are  scraped  off. 
It  will  not  be  necessary  for  the  man  at 
the  lower  end  to  wear  his  best  clothes 
for  this  job. 


Will  Concrete  Icehouse  Satisfy  ? 

What  can  you  toll  me  about  Icehouses 
built  of  concrete.  Is  it  a  practical  mate¬ 
rial  to  use  for  the  side  walls  of  an  ice¬ 
house?  I  mean  as  a  solid  eight-inch  wall, 
with  the  intention  of  using  sawdust  be¬ 
tween  the  ico  and  the  walls.  Do  you  know 
of  any  all-concrete  icehouses  in  actual  use? 
Do  you  know  of  any  that  are  a  success,  that 
is,  that  keep  ico  as  well  as  it  could  be 
.  reasonably  expected  to  keep  in  a  house  con¬ 
structed  in  good  shape  of  wood  or  other 
suitable  building  material?  I  have  plenty 
of  information  of  the  plans  and  building 
instruction,  and  can  also  figure  out  the 
ideal  icehouse  on  my  own  account,  and  con¬ 
struct  it  properly,  but  what  I  want  to  know 
is  whether  the  icehouse  built  of  reinforced 
concrete  would  be  best  to  build  to  keep  ice 
in?  The  cost  is  not  considered,  as  I  can 
build  about  as  cheap  of  concrete  as  any 
other  material.  I  want  to  lind  out  if  I 
can  about  some  other  man's  success  or 
failure  with  a  concrete  icehouse,  and  I 
look  to  your  paper  as  being  about  as  reli¬ 
able  a  source  of  information  as  can  be 
found.  I  have  seen  stone  wall  icehouses 
where  they  gave  all  the  good  results  that 
could  be  asked  for  in  ice-keeping  qualities. 
Why  won’t  a  concrete  structure  be  as  good? 

R.  c. 

R.  N.-Y. — Can  any  reader  give  practical 
experience? 


I 


30%  MORE  CROPS 

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and  even  bettcrin  dry  seasons.  grain  or  grass  seed 

The  illustration  shows  our  fgt  between  the  corn 

HORSE  GUIDED  -  or  cotton  rows. 


One  Horse 
Drill 


for  general  seeding  and 
intensive  work  between 
corn  rows.  Sows  nuy  seed. 

5independcn  discs.  The  only  riding  drill, 
does  better  work.  No  weight  on  the  horse.  Pai 
Close  hitch.  Man y  other  exclusive  features. 
Write  us  tor  booklet  61. 

The  WM.  FETZER  CO.,  Springfield.  II 


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tion  in  every  kind  of  apparel 
than  they 
can  secure 
elsewhere. 


S her  win -Williams 

Paints  6-Varnishes 

FOR  THE  FARM 

Sherwin -Williams  Paint  (Prepared)(S  W  P),  is  made 
for  painting  buildings  outside  and  inside.  S  W  P  is 
made  of  pure  lead,  pure  zinc,  pure  linseed  oil  and  the 
necessary  coloring  pigment  and  driers,  thoroughly 
mixed  and  ground  by  special  machinery  and  put  up 
in  sealed  cans,  full  U.  S.  Standard  measure.  S  W  P 
will  cover  the  greatest  possible  amount  of  surface  and 
will  last  for  the  longest  tirr. .v.  There  is  economy  in 
using  good  paint. 

Sold  by  dealers  everywhere.  Ask  for  color  cards 
Address  all  Inquiries  to  The  Sherwin  -Williams  Co.,  635  Canal  Road,  N.  W.,  Cleveland,  Ohio 


The  Ideal  Car  for  the  Farmer 

It  means  quick  trips  to  town— 

More  pleasure  for  your  family 


^HE  International  auto  wagon  will  take  your  produce 
to  town,  go  to  mill,  haul  milk  and  cream — in  fact, 
do  all  your  light  hauling  in  one-third  the  time,  and 
at  less  cost  than  you  can  do  it  with  a  horse-drawn  vehicle. 

It  never  tires — it  is  ready  to  travel  every  day  in  the 
year — regardless  of  weather — over  all  kinds  of  roads — 
.  no  matter  whether  they  are  hilly,  muddy,  or  sandy. 

1  he  wheels  are  sufficiently  high  to  give  abundant  road  clearance.  This  makes  it  a  practical 
car  for  all  kinds  of  roads. 

The  solid  rubber  tires  eliminate  tire  troubles  and  expense.  There  are  no  delays  on  account 
of  punctures  and  blow-outs. 

Tne  air-cooled  engine  does  not  freeze  in  winter.  There  are  no  delays  on  account  of  stopping 
for  water  and  no  water  pipe  or  jacket  to  freeze  or  break. 

-  'r]}e  fnternational  auto  wagon  will  give  you  more  service  than  you  could  secure  in  any  other  way  for  the  amount 

invested.  Evenings,  Saturday  afternoons,  Sundays,  or  whenever  desired,  the  International  auto  wagon  can  be 

converted  into  a  pleasure  vehicle  by  adding  an  extra  seat  and  top.  It  will  take  you  and  your  - 

family  anywhere  you  may  want  to  go.  /•* 

There  are  many  International  auto  wagons  in  the  hands  of  farmers  all  over  the  country, 
they  are  giving  satisfactory  service,  and  saving  their  owners  time  and  money  every  day.  Write 
us  for  catalogue  and  full  information. 

INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER  COMPANY  OF  AMERICA 

lOl  Harvester  Building,  (Incorporated)  Chicago  USA 


808 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


HARVESTING  SOY  BEANS. 

The  method  of  harvesting  Soy  beans 
will  depend  on  the  use  that  is  to  be 
made  of  them.  When  grazed  by  sheep 
or  cattle  it  is  simply  a  matter  of  turn¬ 
ing  in  the  animals.  But  cattle  waste 
much  of  the  crop,  hence  if  grazed  down 
by  this  class  of  stock  the  animals  must 
be  removed  when  they  have  satisfied 
their  needs.  Sheep  and  hogs  may  be 
given  access  to  the  crop  at  will  when 
the  season  for  grazing  the  crop  has 
arrived ;  of  course  with  hogs  that  season 
is  not  until  the  crop  is  practically 
mature.  Various  methods  of  harvesting 
the  crop  are  practiced,  as  for  instance 
cutting  with  the  field  mower,  self-rake 
reaper,  the  binder,  the  corn  harvester 
and  the  bean  harvester.  Which  of  these 
modes  will  answer  best  depends  largely 
upon  the  way  in  which  the  crop  is 
grown  and  the  exact  use  to  be  made  of 
it.  The  mower  is  best  suited  to  har¬ 
vesting  a  crop  sown  broadcast,  and  to 
be  cut  for  hay.  The  binder  is  best 
adapted  to  harvesting  the  silo  crop  or 
the  seed  crop,  but  can  only  be  used 
satisfactorily  in  harvesting  tall -growing 
varieties.  The  self-rake  reaoer  can 
best  be  used  in  cutting  the  crop  for  hay 
for  seed,  for  soiling  or  for  silage.  The 
bean  harvester  is  only  used  when  har¬ 
vesting  the  crop  for  seed,  and  is  ex¬ 
ceptionally  well  adapted  to  gathering 
small-growing  varieties.  The  corn  har¬ 
vester  can  best  be  used  when  the  beans 
are  grown  in  the  line  of  the  row  with 
corn  for  silage,  but  may  also  be  used  in 
harvesting  tall-growing  varieties  grown 
in  rows  without  admixture. 

At  the  season  of  early  bloom  the  cut¬ 
ting  of  the  crop  for  soiling  may  begin 
and  be  continued  until  it  reaches  ma¬ 
turity.  The  crop  is  at  its  best  for  soil¬ 
ing  when  the  pods  are  forming.  For 
silage  it  can  be  harvested  any  time  from 
full  bloom  to  early  maturity,  but  cut¬ 
ting  toward  the  latter  stage  is  prefer¬ 
able,  since  more  grain  is  then  furnished 
and  the  greater  woodiness  of  the  stems 
is  less  objectionable  when  fed  as  silage 
then  when  fed  as  soiling  food.  For 
hay  the  crop  should  be  cut  when  in  full 
bloom,  or  probably  a  little  later,  but 
assuredly  before  the  leaves  begin  to  fail. 
In  my  experience  in  growing  Soy  beans 
I  find  that  they  are  not  very  easily 
cured  for  hay.  If  the  plants  are  much 
exposed  to  the  sun  after  being  cut  many 
of  the  leaves  will  be  lost,  and  the  stems 
do  not  readily  lose  their  moisture.  Much 
handling  in  the  curing  is  also  attended 
with  a  heavy  loss  of  leaves.  My  aim  in 
harvesting  the  crop  is  to  cut  when  free 
from  dew,  to  rake  when  sufficiently 
wilted,  and  to  put  up  in  small  cocks, 
narrow  and  high,  until  cured.  In  these 
I  find  that  it  is  necessary  to  let  the 
plants  remain  for  several  days.  The 
crop  is  not  nearly  so  easily  damaged 
by  rain  as  cow  peas.  The  average  vieid 
of  cured  hay  is  about  two  tons  per  acre. 
On  very  rich  soil,  however,  I  have  pro¬ 
duced  2 1/2  tons  per  acre.  As  the  stalks 
yield  up  their  moisture  very  slowly, 
there  must  be  no  haste  in  storing,  or 
the  mass  will  heat  and  spoil.  This, 
however,  may  be  prevented  by  storing 
the  bean  hay  and  some  kind  of  cereal 
straw  in  alternate  layers.  This  will  also 
improve  the  palatability  of  the  straw. 
The  hay  has  high  feeding  value  when 
properly  cured.  In  thrashing  Soy  beans 
the  flail  may  be  used  for  a  small  crop, 
but  a  large  crop  requires  the  use  of  a 
bean  thrasher  or  grain  separator.  The 
bean  thrasher  does  the  work  well,  but  is 
slow.  The  grain  separator  when  used 
calls  for  a  readjustment  of  the  concaves 
and  the  teeth  of  the  cylinder  to  prevent 
breaking  the  crop.  On  good  land  I  have 
had  a  yield  fully  as  high  as  20  bushels 
per  acre.  I  find  the  beans  will  heat 
and  spoil  if  put  in  deep  bins. 

Illinois.  W.  H.  UNDERWOOD. 

“Did  you  manage  to  raise  anything 
worth  eating?”  “I  think  so,”  replied 
the  amateur  gardener.  “The  cutworms 
and  caterpillars  all  thought  well  of  it.” 
— Washington  Star. 


HELD  UP  FOR  GARDEN  SEED. 

E.  J.  Ecio,  N.  Y. — I  enclose  a  card 
or  letter  which  I  have  just  received.  This 
is  the  second  one  I  have  received  ;  the  first 
one  I  consigned  to  the  waste  paper.  I 
never  received  a  seed  of  any  kind  from  this 
person ;  I  never  knew  there  was  such  a 
person  in  existence  until  I  received  notice 
that  I  owed  him  for  seeds  he  had  sent. 

R.  N.-Y. — It  seems  that  a  number 
of  our  people  received  the  following 
card: 

Dear  Friend — Last  Spring  we  sent  you  a 
package  of  garden  s<>ed&,  asking  you  to 
select  such  as  you  could  use  and  return 
the  balance,  enclosing  postage  to  pay  re¬ 
turn.  We  have  not.  up  to  this  time,  re¬ 
ceived  the  seeds  or  the  pay  for  same.  We 
calk'd  your  attention  to  this  once  before. 
We  are  loath  to  believe  you  mean  to  be 
dishonest,  but  attribute  it  purely  to  an 
oversight  or  neglect  upon  your  part. 
Twenty-fire  cents  is  a  small  amount,  but  at 
the  price  we  sell  our  seeds,  we  must  have 
our  pay  for  all  of  them,  to  make  a  fair 
profit.  You  are  among  the  very  few  who 
have  not  remitted,  and  we  trust  you  will 
do  so  at  once,  and  not  make  it  necessary 
for  us  to  again  call  your  attention  to  this 
small  matter,  or  to  resort  to  extreme  meas¬ 
ures  to  get  our  pay.  We  shall  expect  to 
hear  from  you  WITHIN  TEN  DATS  and 
shall  take  no  further  action  until  this 
time  expires.  Hoping  to  receive  the  money 
or  a  satisfactory  explanation  of  the  delay, 
we  are,  - 

This  carries  the  earmarks  of  a  fake 
and  a  bluff,  and  we  wrote  asking  this 
seedsman  what  he  means.  He  replies 
that  he  has  a  regular  plan  of  sending 
seeds  to  his  patrons,  letting  them  select 
what  they  want.  They  pay  for  what 
they  take  and  return  the  rest.  He 
says  they  also  send  seeds  to  strangers 
— taking  names  at  random  from  various 
sources.  These  strangers  are  supposed 
to  select  seeds  and  pay  for  them.  This 
man  sends  a  collection  of  letters  from 
people  who  say  they  were  pleased  with 
his  seed.  That  is  all  right,  but  it  is 
no  excuse  for  sending  a  threatening 
note  like  the  above.  For  that  is  just 
how  the  average  citizen  takes  such  a 
communication.  He  thinks  he  is  being 
held  up  for  25  cents.  Some  of  them 
will  foolishly  pay  it  rather  than  be 
annoyed  further.  They  ought  not  to 
do  so.  This  man  cannot  compel  you 
to  take  his  seeds  if  you  do  not  want 
them,  and  he  cannot  make  you  pay  for 
them  if  you  do  not  use  them.  It  is  a 
small  game,  steering  close  to  blackmail 
in  the  case  of  our  reader,  and  should 
never  be  encouraged  by  trade. 

PENNSYLVANIA  CROPS. 

The  season  of  1911  is  drawing  towards 
the  end.  so  that  the  result  in  crop  produc¬ 
tion  can  he  determined.  The  season  began 
last  Fall,  when  early  frosts  were  not  ex¬ 
perienced,  and  when  cold  weather  appeared 
Winter  closed  in  on  farming  operations  with 
considerable  corn  remaining  unhusked  on 
fields,  and  many  acres  of  potatoes  unhar¬ 
vested.  The  warm  weather  and  late  frost 
afforded  the  Hessian  fly  a  chance  to  con¬ 
tinue  active  longer  than  usual,  resulting  in 
much  infested  wheat  over  a  wide  area  in 
this  section.  Then  late  Winter,  with  alter¬ 
nate  freezing  and  thawing  during  February 
and  March  destroyed  much  of  the  grain  on 
low  land,  so  the  crop  was  very  light  as  a 
whole,  and  a  complete  failure  in  many  fields. 
Owing  to  the  inclement  weather  until  late 
Spring  crops  were  planted  late,  but  pro¬ 
gressed  favorably  until  a  period  of  very  hot 
dry  weather  checked  all  growth,  resulting  in 
a  short  potato  crop  and  failure  of  early 
vegetables. 

Late-planted  potatoes  are  doing  fairly 
well  since  the  dry  period  passed,  while  am¬ 
ple  rains  for  some  time  favored  late  crops, 
so  that  corn  in  this  section  is  very  good, 
and  other  crops  fair.  We  had  severe 
storms,  wind,  heavy  rains  and  lightning, 
causing  crop  damage  and  much  loss  through 
fires  ignited  by  lightning.  As  a  whole,  the 
season  was  one  of  extremes  so  far,  with 
favorable  prospects  for  second-crop  hay, 
buckwheat  and  corn.  On  elevated  land 
apples  are  a  fair  crop,  pears  plentiful  and 
berries  produced  well  in  season,  while  now 
huckleberries  are  gathered  and  shipped  in 
large  quantities  from  the  mountains  around 
the  coal  measures.  This  affords  extra  in¬ 
come  for  the  mining  population  during  the 
season  when  the  mines  are  on  half  time. 
Poultry  raising  was  more  successful  than 
usual,  and  the  turkey  flocks  not  so  much 
afflicted  with  black-head,  very  destructive 
during  a  number  of  years  in  this  section. 
Most  plowing  for  grain  crops  is  finished; 
what  remains  are  truck  and  potato  fields 
to  be  seeded  with  grain.  Wheat  sowing  will 
be  delayed  on  account  of  the  damage  by  the  . 
fly ;  unless  frosts  occur  early  it  will  be  de¬ 
layed  until  late  September.  The  potato 
stalk  borer  did  much  damage  to  the  early 


crop,  and  from  reports  seems  to  prevail 
through  a  number  of  counties  in  Eastern 
Pennsylvania.  This  section  is  passing 
through  a  wet  spell  of  weather,  now  having 
five  days  in  succession  of  rain  and  drizzle, 
with  little  sunshine. 

Apples  are  dropping,  reducing  the  Winter 
crop,  especially  on  cultivated  ground ;  the 
fruit  ripens  early  and  is  consequently  unfit 
for  storage.  The  writer’s  observation  is 
for  some  years  that  cultivation  hastens  ma¬ 
turity  on  our  trees.  While  cultivation  is 
advocated  by  many  writers,  it  does  not  suit 
tills  locality  and  shale  lands. 

The  county  Granges  are  active,  holding 
picnics  in  various  places,  with  the  Pomona 
meeting  shortly,  and  a  Summer  Institute  on 
September  8-9  at  a  country  church  several 
miles  from  this  station.  Our  county  and 
State  exjKmses  are  moving  upward,  seem¬ 
ingly  under  the  impression  that  farmers  are 
too  prosperous;  politicians  and  officeholders 
strive  to  get  and  keep  the  reputed  great 
wealth  of  the  farmers  from  them  for  fear  of 
their  getting  too  wealthy.  w.  H.  S. 

Pine  Grove,  Pa. 


COMING  FARMERS’  MEETINGS. 

Toronto,  Canada,  Fair,  August  20-Sep- 
tember  11. 

Connecticut  Fair,  Hartford,  September 
4-9. 

Maine  State  Fair,  Auburn,  September  4-7. 

Beekeepers’  Association,  Charter  Oak, 
Conn.,  September  4-9. 

New  York  State  Fair,  Syracuse,  N.  Y., 
September  11-16. 

Wisconsin  State  Fair,  Milwaukee,  Septem¬ 
ber  12-1  a 

Illinois  State  Fair,  Springfield,  September 
29-October  7. 

New  Haven.  Conn.,  Horticultural  So¬ 
ciety,  September  13. 

Ohio  State  Horticultural  Society,  Torch 
Hill,  September  19. 

Connecticut  Horticultural  Society,  Hart¬ 
ford,  September  19-20. 

Vermont  State  Fair,  White  River  Junc¬ 
tion,  September  19-22. 

Michigan  State  Fair,  Detroit,  September 
18-27. 

New  Jersey  Fair,  Trenton,  September  25- 
29. 

Connecticut  State  Fair.  Berlin,  September 
26-29. 

Connecticut  Bornological  Society,  Berlin, 
September  26. 

Virginia  State  Fair,  Richmond,  October 
9-14. 

New  England  Fruit  Show.  Boston,  Mass., 
October  23-28. 

National  Dairy  Show,  Chicago,  Ill.,  Oc¬ 
tober  26- No  vein  her  4. 

National  Creamery  Butter  Makers’  Asso¬ 
ciation.  Chicago,  November  1-3. 

Indiana  Apple  Show,  Indianapolis,  No¬ 
vember  6-11. 

Massachusetts  Corn  Show,  Springfield, 
Mass.,  November  1 1-18. 

Boston  Chamber  of  Commerce  Agricul¬ 
tural  Exhibit  October  2-31. 

National  Apple  Show,  Spokane,  Wash., 
November  27-30. 


Tile  for  Well  Curb  — I  have  received 
many  helpful  ideas  from  your  paper.  One 
of  them  was  the  use  of  24-inch  glazed  tile 
for  well  curbing.  I  had  my  well  dug  and 
stone  drawn  and  then,  substituted  the  tile-  j 
which  has  given  entire  satisfaction,  and  I  i 
see  no  reason  why  it  should  not  be  perma-  i 
nent.  a.  s.  h. 


September  9, 


Whex  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Digging  asphalt  from  Trinidad  Lake 


A  roof  is  only  as  good 
as  its  waterproofing. 

Knowing  this,  will  you  buy 
the  covering  for  your  roof  on 
its  “looks”  alone,  and  not 
know  what  it  is  made  of? 

Genasco 

the  Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt  Roofing 

is  waterproofed  entirely  with  nat¬ 
ural  asphalt.  In  Trinidad  Lake 
this  asphalt  has  resisted  blazing 
sun  and  terrific  storms  for  hun¬ 
dreds  of  years.  It  has  natural  oils 
that  give  it  lasting-  life  in  a  roof 
despite  the  buffeting  of  rain,  snow, 
sun,  wind,  heat,  cold,  and  fire. 

Man  has  tried  to  make  lasting 
waterproofers — and  always  failed. 
Ordinary  ready  roofings  show  you 
what  happens.  They  are  made 
of  mysterious  “compositions”  or 
coal  tar;  and  they  soon  crack, 
break,  leak,  and  go  to  pieces. 
Yet  as  for  looks,  they  are  mighty 
good  imitations. 

The  life  and  backbone  of  Genasco  is 
Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt — the  natural 
everlasti  ng  waterproofer — a  n  d  that 
makes  Genasco  last. 

Genasco  is  made  with  mineral  and 
smooth  surfaces.  Guaranteed,  of  course. 

The  K&nt-leak  Kleet  waterproofs  the 
seams  of  roofing  thoroughly  without  the 
use  of  smeary  unsightly  cement,  avoids 
nail-leaks,  and  gives  the  roof  an  attrac¬ 
tive  appearance. 

Ask  your  dealer  for  Genasco  Roofing,  with 
Kant-leak  Kleets  packed  in  the  roll.  Write  us 
for  the  Good  Roof  Guide  Book  and  samples. 

The  Barber  Asphalt 
Paving  Company 

lAXpMt  producers  of  asphalt,  and  largest 
manufacturers  of  r*a<ly  roofing  In  the  world. 

Philadelphia 

New  York  San  Francisco  Chicago 

Cross-section  Genasco  Stone-surface  Roofing 


Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 
sf"  Asphah-satu rated  Wool  Felt 
Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 
'-  -  Asphalt -saturated  Wool  Felt 


Biggest  Stock  Barn  in  Minnesota 


shown  above,  is  roofed  with  NEPdnsET  Paroid  Roofing. 
Your  barn  also  is  worthy  of  the  best  roof  you  can  buy. 

fsJEPDNSET 

Paroid  Roofing 

Is  the  Real  Rival  of  the  Best  Shingles 

Tt  costs  less  to  buy  and  less  to  lay.  It  wears  as  long  as  old-fashioned  shingles. 
Recent  photographs  of  roofs  13  >ears  old  prove  it. 

NEPdnseT  Paroid  costs  a  little  more  than  any  other  prepared  roofing  made,  yet 
we  don’t  claim  it  to  be  the  only  good  rooting.  We  simply  know  that NeponseT 
Paroid  lasts  as  shingles  used  to  last — when  shingles  were  good — and  that  the 
majority  of  farmers  are  buying  NeponseT  Paroid  to  make  certain  of  longest  wear 
and  a  frig  saving  in  the  end  and  it  also  adds  real  fire  protection. 

NEpdnseT  Proslate  is  the  NEpdnseT  Roofing  for  houses;  NeponseT  Red  Rope 
for  low  cost  construction. 

The  NEpdnseT  dealer  in  your  town  has  a  full  line  of 
NeponseT  Roofings.  If  you  don’t  know  him.  write  us. 

F.  W.  BIRD  &  SON,  ( Established  1795 )  133  Nepoaset  Street,  East  Walpole,  Mass. 

New  York  Chicago  Washington  Portland,  Ore.  Ban Francisco  Hamilton,  Out.  Winnipeg  Montreal  tit.  John 


IS!  Ill 


1911. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


809 


ADVICE  FROM  HOME. 

Every  week  we  receive  questions  from 
people  who  could  obtain  far  better  ad¬ 
vice  within  a  mile  of  their  own  homes. 
Many  of  these  questions  are  about  va¬ 
rieties  or  local  methods  of  handling 
crops.  We  try  to  help  them,  but  al¬ 
ways  endeavor  to  make  it  clear  that 
they  would  much  better  go  to  some 
local  grower  for  advice.  Why  cto  these 
people  go  by  the  men  best  qualified  to 
help  them  and  approach  a  stranger? 
Here  is  one  side  of  it — we  would  like 
to  hear  from  the  questioners  also: 

I  once  heard  a  young  man  say  he  had 
sent  the  same  question  to  four  different 
papers  and  they  all  gave  a  different  an¬ 
swer  ;  he  appeared  to  enjoy  the  fact,  too. 
Another  illustration  of-  human  nature  as 
we  see  it  almost  everywhere,  came  under 
my  own  experience  some  30  years  ago. 
I  ‘was  for  those  times  quite  largely  inter¬ 
ested  in  strawberry  raising,  employing  a 
number  of  help.  What  was  my  surprise 
to  be  informed  by  one  of  my  day  help 
who  lived  near  on  a  small  farm  that  he 
wished  a  few  days  off  as  he  expected  a 
few  thousand  strawberry  plants  at  the 
express  office  next  day,  and  he  wished  time 
to  set  them  out  for  himself,  as  he  was 
intending  to  grow  strawberries  too.  In 
fact  he  had  kept  it  so  secret  I  had  not 
heard  of  it  before,  and  I  was  told  by  the 
help  that  he  said  he  could  raise  bigger 

berries  than  I  was  doing,  and  beat  me  all 
out  on  prices.  He  had  bought  two  vari- 
tles  which  were  commercially  worthless, 
and  as  the  plants  bearing  perfect  blos¬ 
soms  were  also  worthless,  and  practically 
all  died,  all  he  received  from  the  land  was 
an  inferior  late  crop  planted  after  he  had 
plowed  the  strawberries  all  under  and 
then  planted  to  something  else.  Now  why 
that  man  expected  to  learn  more  about 

varieties  of  strawberries  In  10  minutes 
from  a  catalogue  than  on  a  place  where 
he  knew  many  dollars  were  spent  in  test¬ 
ing  new  varieties,  and  the  varieties  grown 
commercially  were  paying  good  profits,  was 
something  I  could  never  understand.  Yet 
I  meet  every  little  while  men  who  have 
bought  trees  or  plants  from  catalogue  or 
farm  paper  description  when  they  might 

have  made  hundreds  of  dollars  by  asking 

and  receiving  advice  to  fit  their  condi¬ 
tions  from  some  friend  or  neighbor.  Then 
there  is  the  lazy  man  who  sits  down, 
asks  a  string  of  questions  and  expects  some 
one  else  to  put  in  the  thought  and  time 
to  'tell  him  the  whole  business,  and  really 
expects  to  learn  it  all  by  no  effort  on  his 
part.  But  why  mention  others,  for  we 
meet  all  kinds  of  people?  To-day  I  was 
expecting  a  young  man  from  out  of  town 
to  inspect  my  filler  orchards.  He  wrote 
asking  full  particulars  in  regard  to  plant¬ 
ing  one.  My  answer  was  “Come  and  see 
and  learn  something  if  you  can  that  will 
help  you.”  I  have  no  time  to  spend  on 
people  who  do  not  really  care  to  learn. 
The  weak  point  in  the  whole  matter  is 
where  papers  try  to  advise  when  they  know 
little  or  nothing  of  the  local  conditions 
which  surround  the  questioner,  and  would 
do  much  more  to  help  such  people  by  ad¬ 
vising  them  to  consult  with  some  one  in 
their  line  of  business  who  has  made  good 
at  it  and  understands  local  conditions  as 
well  as  markets ;  such  a  man  can  help 
a  beginner  very  much  and  few  refuse  it 
to  a  deserving  person.  h.  o.  mead. 

ALFALFA  IN  ONONDAGA  CO.,  N.  Y. 

Part  II. 

Curing  the  Crop. — Naturally  a  crop  as 
heavy  as  Alfalfa  and  cut  when  it  is  green 
requires  good  weather  and  two  or  three 
days  for  curing.  Some  growers  dry  it  more 
than  others,  but  all  agree  that  it  should  be 
cured  enough  to  prevent  heating,  but  should 
not  get  so  dry  that  the  leaves  will  fall  off 
when  it  is  raked  and  carted.  Only  a  small 
proportion  of  the  crop  is  cured  in  the  cock 
and  most  of  that  is  done  early  in  the  season 
or  in  threatening  weather.  Under  very  fa¬ 
vorable  conditions  Alfalfa  may  be  cut  early 
one  day  and  drawn  to  the  barn  on  the  after¬ 
noon  of  the  next  day.  but  the  larger  part 
of  the  crop  remains  in  the  field  until  the 
third  day  after  it  is  cut.  When  caught  in  a 
hard  rain  the  tedder  is  sometimes  used  to 
aid  In  getting  the  water  out  of  the  hay. 
The  side  delivery  rake  is  used  bv  many 
farmers  and  is  highly  commended.  The 
quantity  of  hay  obtained  varies  with  the 
character  of  the  land  and  with  all  the  con¬ 
ditions  which  modify  the  yield  of  other 
farm  crops,  but  in  good  soil  the  three  cut¬ 
tings  total  from  three  to  five  tons  per  acre. 

What  Becomes  of  Alfalfa. — -In  the 
places  visited  a  great  deal  of  Alfalfa  is  fed 
to  cows  which  are  kept  to  produce  milk  for 
the  city  markets.  But,  partly  because  of  the 
large  amount  of  work  involved,  though  prin¬ 
cipally  because  of  the  high  cost  of  produc¬ 
tion  as  compared  with  the  price  obtained 
for  the  milk  and  the  restrictions  which  are 
Imposed  upon  producers  by  various  author¬ 
ities,  the  dairy  business  is  being  curtailed. 
Some  farmers  who  formerly  kept  20  or  30 
cows  each,  now  keep  only  one  or  two.  They 
are  selling  Alfalfa  instead  of  milk.  Con¬ 
siderable  Alfalfa  is  fed  to  horses.  It  was 
formerly  regarded  as  an  unsafe  feed,  but 
there  are  many  horses  in  this  vicinity  which 
have  been  eating  it  for  years.  One  man, 
and  only  one,  said  that  he  wetted  the  hay 
before  feeding  it.  He  has  a  horse  that  is 
more  than  20  years  old,  is  well  and  active, 
and  has  had  no  hay  but  Alfalfa  for  many 
years.  On  the  Oandee  Poultry  Farm  in  De- 
Witt,  where  3,500  hens  are  kept,  a  good 
deal  of  Alfalfa  is  given  to  the  feathered 
stock.  It  is  fed  whole  to  the  hens,  but  is 
cut  into  short  pieces  for  the  chicks.  There 
are  a  few  Alfalfa  pastures.  Some  Alfalfa  is 
fed  green  to  help  out  the  grass  pastures 
when  they  begin  to  fail  in  Summer.  Last 
fall  C.  D.  Andrews,  of  Geddes,  put  a  few 
loads  of  Alfalfa  in  a  silo  which  he  did  not 
have  quite  enough  corn  to  fill.  It  kept  well 
and  the  cows  liked  it  and  did  well  when  it 
was  fed  to  them.  Probably  it  would  have 
been  still  better  if  it  had  been  mixed  with 
the  corn.  There  is  a  ready  sale  for  all  the 
Alfalfa  of  which  the  growers  wish  to  dis¬ 
pose.  Quite  a  quantity  is  sold  loose  on  the 
Syracuse  market.  The  present  quotations 
tre  $15  to  $16  per  ton.  Every  year  hun¬ 


dreds  of  tons  are  baled  and  shipped  to  Bos¬ 
ton,  New  York  and  other  hay  distributing 
centers.  Last  year  buyers  paid  $15  per  ton 
and  baled  the  hay,  or  $17  if  the  seller  did 
the  baling. 

Permanence  of  Alfalfa. — If  the  land  is 
good,  is  properly  prepared  for  seeding,  a 
fair  quantity  of  manure  or  fertilizer  Is 
used  at  the  time  of  sowing,  and  a  good 
catch  follows,  an  Alfalfa  field  may  be  ex¬ 
pected  to  remain  highly  productive  for  an 
indefinite  period.  There  are  many  fields 
which  have  been  down  eight  or  10  years 
and  are  in  excellent  condition.  If  the 
ground  is  top-dressed  every  three  or  four 
years,  as  is  the  case  on  some  farms  where  a 
large  number  of  cows  are  kept,  a  good 
yield  can  probably  be  obtained  for  20  years 
or  more,  but  as  the  roots  of  old  plants 
reach  a  large  size  and  contain  a  great  deal 
of  matter  that  will  be  valuable  as  a  fertil¬ 
izer  when  they  decay,  it  is  probably  best  to 
plow  and  reseed  at  shorter  intervals.  The 
natural  period  of  high  productiveness  of  a 
field  can  bo  considerably  prolonged  by 
promptly  fertilizing  and  working  in  a  mod¬ 
erate  quantity  of  seed  where  thin  spots  ap¬ 
pear. 

Sweet  Clover  as  a  Preparatory  Crop. — 
Some  writers  have  suggested  the  sowing  of 
Sweet  clover  as  a  preparation  on  soils  in 
which  Alfalfa  is  not  easily  started.  In  this 
investigation  no  one  was  found  who  was 
confident  that  such  a  course  would  give  good 
results,  though  one  or  two  men  thought 
there  was  a  possibility  that  it  might  be 
beneficial.  After  a  study  of  the  two  plants, 
the  writer  formed  the,  opinion,  in  which 
most  of  the  men  who  were  consulted  on 
this  point  concur,  that  Alfalfa  can  be 
grown  wherever  Sw.eet  clover  thrives,  and 
that  the  sowing  of  the  inferior  crop  as  a 
preparation  for  the  better  one  is  worse  than 
useless.  If  tried  at  all  it  should  be  as  a 
last  resort,  after  liming  and  inoculation 
have  been  tested  and  have  failed. 

The  Common  Fame. — In  every  place  that 
was  visited  Alfalfa  is  held  in  the  highest 
regard.  Not  a  case  was  found  in  which  a 
man  who  has  ever  grown  Alfalfa  on  his 
own  land  wishes  to  give  it  up.  The  only 
unfavorable  criticism  heard  or  heard  of  was 
by  a  tenant  farmer,  who  was  not  noted  for 
either  skill  or  industry,  who  complained  that 
the  hay  was  hard  to  cure  and  the  land  was 
hard  to  plow  !  The  area  given  to  this  crop 
Is  increasing.  Farmers  who  were  skeptical 
for  a  while  are  testing  it  now,  and  men 
who  have  grown  it,  as  some  of  them  have, 
for  from  15  to  30  years,  are  growing  more 
rather  than  less  than  they  have  in  the  past. 
On  many  farms  from  one-third  to  one-half 
of  the  land  that  is  under  cultivation  is  in 
Alfalfa,  and  on  some  practically  all  the 
ground  that  produces  hay  is  in  this  crop. 
All  farm  crops  do  well  after  Alfalfa,  and 
the  fields  on  which  it  is  grown  increase  in 
value  and  productiveness.  j.  e.  r. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


FOUND  RIGHT  PATH 

After  a  False  Start. 

‘‘In  1890  I  began  to  drink  coffee. 

“At  that  time  I  was  healthy  and  en¬ 
joyed  life.  At  first  I  noticed  no  bad 
effects  from  the  indulgence  but  in  course 
of  time  found  that  various  troubles  were 
coming  upon  me. 

“Palpitation  of  the  heart  took  unto  it¬ 
self  sick  and  nervous  headaches,  kidney 
troubles  followed  and  eventually  my 
stomach  became  so  deranged  that  even  a 
light  meal  caused  me  serious  distress. 

“Our  physician’s  prescriptions  failed 
to  help  me  and  then  I  dosed  myself 
with  patent  medicines  till  I  was  thor¬ 
oughly  disgusted  and  hopeless. 

“Finally  I  began  to  suspect  that  coffee 
was  the  cause  of  my  troubles.  I  experi¬ 
mented  by  leaving  it  off,  except  for  one 
small  cup  at  breakfast.  This  helped 
some  but  did  not  altogether  relieve  my 
distress.  It  satisfied  me,  however,  that 
I  was  on  the  right  track. 

“So  I  gave  up  coffee  altogether  and 
began  to  use  Postum.  In  ten  days  I 
found  myself  greatly  improved,  my 
nerves  steady,  my  head  clear,  my  kid¬ 
neys  working  better  and  better,  my 
heart’s  action  rapidly  improving,  my 
appetite  improved  and  the  ability  to  eat 
a  hearty  meal  without  subsequent  suf¬ 
fering  restored  to  me.  And  this  condi¬ 
tion  remains. 

“Leaving  off  coffee  and  using  Postum 
did  this,  with  no  help  from  drugs,  as  I 
abandoned  the  use  of  medicines  when  I 
began  to  use  the  food  drink.”  Name 
given  by  Postum  Co.,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

“There’s  a  reason,”  and  it  is  ex¬ 
plained  in  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs. 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


MAKE  MONEY 
for  FARMERS 

It  is  easy  to  make  lumber  for 
yourself  and  neighbors  with  an 
AMERICAN  mill.  All  sizes. 
Work  rapidly  with  light  power. 
No  experience  needed.  Get 
Free  Catalogue  and  Low  Prices. 

American  Saw  Mill  Mach’y  Co. 

V  29  Hope  St.,l!ackettstown,N. 4. 

1582Terminal  Bldgs.,  New  York 


Steel  Wheels 

will  make  yonrold  farm  wagon  n  A Alf 
as  good  as  new.  Save  money  bo-  DUUIV 
I  cause  they  never  need  repairs.  __  __ 
'  Write  for  our  big  free  book  tell-  fc  tt  ft 
ing  all  about  them  and  how  they  *  11  ■*l- 
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DO  YOU  NEED  PAINT? 

LET  ME  SEND  YOU  MY  PAINT  BOOK.  It  will  tell  you  all  you  want 
to  know  about  paint  and  painting.  The  best  paint  is  the  cheapest  paint. 
I  make  the  best  paint.  INGERSOLL’S  PAINT  has  been  made  for  69  years. 
It  is  made  with  scientific  accuracy  from  the  BEST  MATERIALS,  thor¬ 
oughly  combined  by  machinery — you  cannot  make  GOOD  PAINT  with  a 
stick  by  hand- mixing.  Other  paints  are  sold  by  dealers  or  supply  houses. 
This  method  requires  salary  and  expenses  of  traveling  salesmen  and  profits 
for  jobbers  and  retailers.  These  extra  expenses  and  numerous  profits  YOU 
MUST  PAY  when  you  buy  the  paint.  If  the  price  is  low  the  measure  is 
short  or  the  quality,  pool — usually  both. 

I  Can  Save  You  One-hall  Your  Paint  Bills 

One-half  the  price  you  pay  the  retailer  represents  the  factory  cost  of 
the  paint.  The  other  half  is  required  for  middlemen’s  profits  and  expenses. 
Our  paint  is  shipped  fresh  from  the  factory  direct  to  you.  You  pay  simply 
the  factory  price.  You  pay  no  salesman;  noi  hotel  bills;  and  no  middlemen 
of  any  kind.  The  dealer  or  supply  house  may  offer  you  a  paint  at  our  price; 
but  THEY  CANNOT  GIVE  YOU  OUR  QUALITY  OF  PAINT  AT  OUR 
PRICE.  They  must  add  the  cost  of  their  expensive  method  of  selling  and 
middlemen’s  profits;  IF  they  give  you  the  Ingersoll  QUALITY  of  paint  the 
cost  will  be  DOUBLE  OUR  PRICE. 

Don’t  Use  Cheap  Paint 

offered  by  dealers  and  supply  houses.  They  may  save  you  a  little  on  first 
cost,  but  no  more  labor  is  required  to  paint  your  buildings  with  INGER¬ 
SOLL  PAINT  than  with  inferior  store  paint.  Poor  paint  always  makes  a 
building  look  shabby  in  six  months  or  a  year,  and  is  sure  to  make  you 
regret  the  little  saving  in  the  first  cost  of  the  material.  INGERSOLL 
PAINTS  will  give  you  long  years  of  satisfactory  service  and  LOOK  WELL 
ALL  THE  TIME. 


Ingersoll  Mixed  Paints  have  held  the  Official  en¬ 
dorsement  of  the  Grange  for  37  years 

We  can  refer  you  to  pleased  customers  in  your  own  neighborhood. 

We  make  it  easy  for  you  to  buy  paint  direct  from  the  mill.  The  book 
will  tell  you  the  quantity  needed.  The  order  will  reach  us  over  night,  and 
the  paint  will  be  on  the  way  to  you  in  twenty-four  hours.  Let  me  send 
you  my  FREE  DELIVERY  PLAN.  Send  your  address  for  a  beautiful  set 
of  Sample  Color  Cards  and  our  Paint  Book.  We  mail  them  FREE. 

If  You  Want  Paint,  Write  Me.  Do  It  Now,  I  Can  Save  You  Money 

O.  W.  INGERSOLL,  Prop. 

NO.  248  PLYMOUTH  STREET,  BROOKLYN,  NEW  YORK 


OUR  BOOKLET 

When  the  Going  is  Hard 

Contains  information  that  is  well  worth  your 
time  to  read.  The  discussion  on  "A  Wheel 
with  One  Spoke”  is  worth  DOLLARS  to  you. 
We  tell  you  why  a  wooden  wheel  Is 
dished,  which  is  something  many  wagon 
manufacturers  do  not  know.  There  are  about 
twenty-five  other  articles  just  as  interesting. 

DAVENPORT  ROLLER-BEARING 

STEEL  FARM  WAGON 


The 

Modern 
Wagon 

There  are  many  reasons  why  the  DAVENPORT  is  the  wagon  for  the  farmer  today. 
Among  these  are:  30%  to  50%  Lighter  Draft.  Increased  Carrying  Capacity.  Does  Not  Carry 
Mud.  No  Repair  Bills,  No  Tires  to  Reset,  and  Many,  Many  More^ 

Better  Investigate.  Write  for  the  booklet  and  also 
for  our  Package  No.  36.  Both  sent  FREE. 

JOHN  DEERE  PLOW  COMPANY 

. . .  -  THE  ROLLER  RE.., NO 


THE  ENGINE  THAT  WILL 
GIVE  YOU  NO  TROUBLE 

mnevn  is  the  only  engine  built 
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— and  3J4  H.  P.  The  strongest 
engine  built.  Write  for  bulletin  11-B 
and  receive  a  handsome  watch  fob  free. 

DEYO-MACEY  ENGINE  CO. 

BINGHAMTON,  NEW  YORK 
Manufacturers  of  DEYO  POWER  SPRAYERS 


NGI 


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gasoline,  distillate,  any  fuel  oil,  perfectly — without  change. 

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POWLR 


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work,  spraying,  sawing, irrigation, electric  lights,  pumping. 

Astonishing  success.  More  power  gallon  for  gallon.  Hun¬ 
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A  LOUDEN  LITTER  CARRIES  changes  barn  drudgery  into  child’s  play. 

With  wonderful  worm  gear  (an  exclusive  Louden  feature)  1  pound 
pull  on  chain  lifts  40  pounds  in  box— boy  can  hoist  half  a  ton. 

Raises  and  lowers  any  distance  up  to  25. eet.  Stands  where  put;  can’t 
fall.  Kill  the  box,  raise  it  and  give  it  a  shove.  It  carries  the  load  out  of 
the  barn  to  manure  spreader  or  litter  heap,  wherever  you  want  its  dumps 
load  automatically  and  returns  to  you.  „ 

The  Louden  Way 

Keeps  barns  clean  and  sanitary — Keeps  cows  healthy — they  will  give 
more  and  richer  milk.  Saves  time,  labor  and  money.  A  Louden  Litter, 
Carrier  will  save  its  cost  many  times  in  a  year. 

Loudens  special  electro-galvanizing  process  gives  all  Louden  pro¬ 
ducts  a  beautiful,  lasting  finish.  Looks  clean— easy  to  keep  clean— 
never  rusts — lasts  much  longer  than  ordinary  hot  process  galvanizing. 

Our  40  years  experience  in  fitting  barns  ia  at  your  service  for  the  asking. 

Hand  your  dealer  a  rough  ground  plan  of  your  barn,  and  ask  him  to 
mail  it  to  us  for  price.  This  will  entail  no  obligation  eitheron  your  part 
or  the  dealers.  J)on’t  accept  any  carriers  but  LOUDEN’8.  There  are 
none  "just  as  good.”  Write  us  for  comp’ete  catalog  of  bam  equipment 
and  valuablo  book  on  manure  values. 

LOUDEN  MACHINERY  CO.,  (jOl  Broadway.  Fairfield,  Iowa. 


900 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


September  9, 


HOW  FRUIT  TREES  ARE  GROWN. 

Perhaps  there  are  but  very  few  fanners 
and  orehardists  who  know  how  fruit  trees 
are  grown.  The  process  is  not  a  simple 
one  by  any  means — in  fact  there  are  not 
many  sections  in  the  United  States  where 
the  work  can  be  done  at  all  with  any 
measure  of  success.  The  nurseryman  must 
he  born  to  his  trade ;  he  must  know  the 
thousand  and  one  little  details  that  con¬ 
stantly  arise  in  the  proper  care  of  a  tree 
from  the  time  it  comes  to  him  a  seedling 
from  France  until  he  has  the  tree  securely 
packed  and  on  its  way  to  the  planter. 

As  far  back  as  the  eighties,  it  was 
found  that  Frenchmen  could  grow  a  better 
seedling,  especially  of  pear,  plum  and 
cherry,  than  could  be  produced  here.  Since 
that  time  the  trade  with  France  has  con¬ 
stantly  increased,  until  now  practically  all 
the  fruit  tree  seedlings,  with  the  exception 
of  apple  and  peach,  are  imported  from  that 
country.  Rochester,  Dansville  and  Geneva 
are  the  three  principal  nursery  centers  of 
the  country.  Very  many  small  concerns 
are  located  in  these  places.  They  raise  the 
trees  and  sell  them  at  wholesale  to  the 
large  firms  and  dealers  who  in  turn  dis¬ 
tribute  them  to  the  planter.  The  soil  and 
climate  of  western  New  York  produce  ideal 
conditions  for  the  growth  of  the  young 
trees,  but  by  far  the  larger  share  of  credit 
must  go  to  th  ■  nurserymen  themselves.  They 
are  mostly  men  Who  have  worked  at  the 
business  all  their  lives.  A  boy  does  not 
have  to  be  very  big  to  find  a  job  in  the 
nursery,  for  little  hands  can  often  do  the 
work  better  than  their  elders.  The  young 
man  who  is  quick  to  learn  and  observing 
gradually  acquires  a  wonderful  fund  of  in¬ 
formation  about  the  different  varieties,  how 
they  look,  what  kind  of  growers  they  are, 
the  ones  that  are  in  the  greatest  demand, 
and,  if  he  has  the  right  stuff  in  him,  he.  is 
soon  running  a  little  nursery  of  his  own. 
These  small  independent  proprietors  put 
out  the  best  trees,  as  the  retail  nurserymen 
well  know,  for  they  find  it  better  to  buy 
trees  of  them  than  to  rely  on  their  own 
hired  help  for  first-class  workmanship. 

The  seedlings  arrive  from  France  about 
the  middle  of  January.  They  are  unpacked 
under  the  eye  of  State  inspectors  who  are 


that  way :  not  a  speck  of  green  for  miles. 
At  last  with  the  beginning  of  Winter  most 
of  them  moved  out.  They  had  sold  their 
homes  (or  a  great  many  had),  and  they 
had  no  place  to  go.  They  had  spent  their 
money  on  the  strength  of  the  promoters’ 
promises,  and  they  had  nothing  to  go  on. 
One  in  a  comfortable  home  in  the  East 
cannot  imagine  the  inconveniences,  discom¬ 
forts,  privations  and  hardships  the  new 
settlers  have  to  put  up  with  in  parts  of  the 
West.  After  awhile  the  people  will  wake 
up  perhaps  and  forbid  private  parties  from 
speculating  in  the  people's  inheritance — the 
public  land.  Tt  should  he  opened  up  by  the 
Government,  and  save  all  this  misery. 

It  is  wonderful  what  it  will  produce 
here  when  the  land  has  sufficient  water ; 
75  bushels  of  wheat.  80  bushels  of  oats.  400 
bushels  of  potatoes  and  six  tons  of  Alfalfa 
per  acre  is  not  uncommon.  Fruit  does 
well,  and  nearly  all  kinds  of  vegetables 
yield  abundantly.  Altitude  5,000  feet,  cli¬ 
mate  is  ideal,  mountain  scenery,  water  40 
to  400  feet,  pure  and  nearly  as  cold  as  ice. 
Rots  of  free  range  for  stock.  Crops  this 
year  are  good.  Thrashing  started  yester¬ 
day.  Wages  $2  per  day  and  board.  A  few 
choice  homesteads  for  those  who  have  the 
staying  qualities.  No  others  need  apply, 
as  failure  would  be  certain. 

Idaho.  A.  L.  GILMORE. 


NATURAL  GAS  FOR  HEATING  ORCHARD 

In  East  Texas  and  North  Louisiana 
where  there  are  large  plantings  of  peaches 
there  are  large  fields  of  natural  gas  fully 
developed,  the  gas  being  sold  at  an  extreme¬ 
ly  low  rate — 11  cents  per  thousand,  I 
believe.  In  the  California  oil  districts  like¬ 
ly  the  same  condition  obtains.  This  year 
the  peach  crop  in  East  Texas  was  caught 
by  frost,  although  lother  parts  of  the 
State  had  some  peaches.  What  orchards 
were  heated  produced  peaches,  but  there 
are  several  peach  orchards  in  Harri¬ 
son  County.  Texas,  of  over  a  thousand 
acres  each,  where  the  crop  saved  one  year 
would  have  paid  for  the  whole  heating 
system ;  it  has  therefore  occurred  to  me, 
and  perhaps  also  to  Mr.  Sam  H.  James, 
who  lives  in  that  territory,  that  natural  gas 
could  be  utilized  for  heating  orchards  at 
approximately  the  same  expense  for  instal¬ 
lation  as  oil,  and  infinitely  cheaper,  I 
imagine,  for  maintenance  ;  it  would  also  be 
more  efficient  in  starting  the  lighting  and 
maintaining  an  even  heat  with  absolute 
surety,  and  with  a  minimum  amount  of 
trouble,  requiring  practically  no  attention 
after  lighting.  Have  yon  heard  of  this 
being  tried  in  any  pearh  district  similarly 
situated?  The  matter  of  heating  with 
gas,  whether  it  be  a  burner,  or  a  burner 
playing  under  an  iron  plate  to  diffuse  the 
heat,  and  the  manner  of  control,  would  be 
merely  a  matter  of  detail,  but  subject  to 
experimentation.  Likely  a  suggestion  would 
lead  to  its  trial  on  a  small  scale. 

Texas.  victor  labadie. 


on  the  watch  for  plant  diseases,  and  then 
put  in  cool  frost-proof  cellars.  A  little 
shop  in  connection  with  the  cellar  affords 
a  place  for  trimming.  The  seedlings  are 
cut  back  severely — not  more  than  six 
inches  of  root  and  30  inches  of  body  is 
allowed.  The  planting  is  done  early  in  the 
Spring  in  rows  three  and  one-half  feet 
apart  and  usually  about  eight  inches  apart 
in  the  row.  In  this  way  nearly  18,000 
seedlings  are  planted  on  an  acre.  Frequent 
cultivation  is  about  all  the  attention  they 
get  until  the  early  part  of  July  when  the 
budding  season  begins,  extending  from  then 
on  to  September. 

Budding  is  the  all-important  work  for  the 
nurseryman.  A  good  budder  is  in  great 
demand;  he  inserts  about  2,000  buds  per 
day.  The  scions  for  the  different  varieties 
are  usually  cut  from  two-year-old  trees  in 
the  nursery  row.  They  must  be  just  the 
year’s  growth,  and  well  ripened.  The 
leaves  are  cut  off  leaving  a  stem  one-fourth 
inch  long.  Under  this  stem  is  the  eye 
which  the  budder  must  get  to  live  in  the 
natural  seedling.  He  cuts  so  as  to  get 
about  one-half  inch  of  bark  on  both  sides 
of  the  eye.  He  must  be  very  careful  not 
to  cut  too  deep,  for  any  wood  in  the  bud 
except  the  least  bit  directly  under  the  eye 
would  prevent  a  union.  The  bud  is  inserted 
in  the  seedling  three  inches  above  the 
ground.  It  is  tied  up  with  a  stout  sea 
grass  that  comes  from  the  Indian  Ocean. 
In  three  weeks  the  tieing  is  cut  off,  and, 
if  the  job  is  successful,  the  bud  is  then 
firmly  united  to  the  seedling.  The  next 
Spring  the  top  of  the  seedling  is  removed 
just  above  the  bud.  At  the  end  of  the  first 
season  with  frequent  hoeing  and  cultiva¬ 
tion  the  bud  has  grown  to  a  height  of  about 
four  feet.  During  the  ensuing  Winter  it  is 
trimmed  up  to  a  whip  and  cut  off  three 
feet  from  the  ground.  The  second  year 
the  sprouts  are  all  removed  and  the  tree 
trained  to  a  proper  head.  It  is  then  ready 
for  transplanting.  Fall  digging  is  done  very 
extensively.  A  large  digger  pulled  by  18 
horses  is  run  under  the  trees.  They  are 
then  delivered  to  the  retail  nurseryman  who 
packs  them  in  his  cold  storage  plant  to 
await  the  orders  from  his  customers. 

M.  K. 


R.  N.-Y. — Personally  we  have  not  heard 
of  such  use  of  natural  gas.  If  it  has  been 
used  we  have  no  doubt  some  of  our  readers 
know  about  it  and  will  tell  us.  The  sug¬ 
gestion  ought  to  tried  out. 


A  BLAST  FROM  THE  WEST. 

I  don’t  see  much  from  Idaho,  but  we  are 
forging  ahead.  The  land  boomers  and 
“Carey  Act”  schemers  have  injured  the 
State  to  a  great  extent.  One  project  near 
here  was  to  open  up  100,000  acres  of 
desert  land.  It  was  practically  all  sold 
at  $30  and  $40  per  acre  two  and  three 
years  ago.  Last  year  two  or  three  hundred 
settlers  moved  in.  cleared  land,  built  bouses, 
hauled  water,  and  waited  for  the  rise  of 
the  Nile,  but  it  didn’t  rise.  There  they 
were,  out  on  the  desert  in  the  sand  and 
dust,  some  of  them  15  miles  from  a  drop 
of  water.  They  put  in  the  entire  Summer 


DEEEBXE 

REFLEX 

VsiQaav 

!  Weathers  the  RoughestWeather 

On  ordinary  slickers,  water  finds  its 
way  in  at  the  front.  Onthe  KEFLEX 
Slicker,  our  KEFLEX  edge  (pat ‘dl  guides 
every  drop  of  waterto  the  bottom  of  coat 
whereitdrops  off 

Keeps  You 
Absolutely  Dry 

*3.-°  Everywhere 

Satisfaction  Guaranteed  I 

■****» 

Askyour  dealer  to  show  you  ! 

-^•Vf  BRW®  the  TtBPLEX 

AJ.Tower  Co..  B  o  sto  n 
Tower-Canadian  Ltd..Toronto 

I  GSII 


DIGS  ALL  THE  POTATOES 

without  cutting  them— just  enough  adjustment  to  meet 
your  conditions  without  carrying  too  much  soil.  Saves 
enough  more  potatoes,  even  in  small  acreage  to  paiv  for 
machine  in  short  time.  Perfect  separation.  Js  us  light 
draft  os  any  digger  can  be.  No  neck  weight.  Two  styles 
made  Prices  $75.00  to  $105.00.  Ko.  150  is  the  lighter 
machine,  built  on  strong  but  very  simple  lines — a  great 
favorite  with  growers.  Separate  bearings,  easily  removed 
and  cheaply  replaced.  Operates  entirely  from  the  seat. 


ef 


IRON  AGE 


POTATO 

_  DIGGERS 

are  not  experiments— years  of  actual  use  in  all  sorts  ot 
conditions  have  proved  their  worth.  Write  to  day  for 
Anniversary  Catalog — complete  line  of  potato  machin¬ 
ery,  garden  wheel  hoes  and  drills,  orchard  tools. etc. 


RANGER”  BICYCLES 

Have  imported  roller  chains ,  sprockets  and 
pedals;  New  Departure  Coaster- Brahes  and 
Hubs:  Puncture  Proof  Tires:  highest  grade 
equipment  and  many  advanced  features  pos¬ 
sessed  by  no  other  wheels.  Guaranteed  Syrs. 

FACTORY  PRICES  STM 

others  ask  for  cheap  wheels.  Other  reliaLIe 
models  from  *12  up.  A  few  good  second¬ 
hand  machines  $3  to  $8. 

10  DA  YS’FREE  TRIALS 

freight  prepaid,  anywhere  in  U.  S., 
without  a  cent  in  advance.  DO  JiOT  BUY  a 
bicycle  or  a  pair  of  tires  from  anyone  at  any 
price  until  you  get  our  Mg  new  catalog  and 
special  prices  and  a  marvelous  new  offer, 
A  postal  brings  everything.  Write  it  now. 
TIDCC  Coaster  Brake  Rear  W  heels,  lamps , 
■  IllLV  parts,  and  sundries  half  usual  prices . 
Rider  Agents  everywhere  are  coining  money  selling  our  bi¬ 
cycles,  tires  and  sundries.  Write  today* 

MEAD  CYCLE  CO.,  Dept.  B  80,  CHICAGO 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Better  and  Easier 
Cooking 

A  Big  Saving  in  Fuel 

Because  of  the  scientific  construction' 
of  the  heat  circulation  —  insuring  an 
even  distribution— the  Jewel  Steel 
Ranges  cook  and  bake  better  than  any 
other  kind.  The  large  fire  boxes,  the 
drop  oven  doors,  the  pouch  feed  (which 
allows  feeding  fuel  without  removing 
covers),  the  large  ash-pit,  and  the  oven 
thermometer  insure  easier  cooking—, 

greater - r»i-m —  Yl  »**!,  .  '  -- 

The  double  asbestos  lined  walls  in¬ 
sure  a  perfect  heating  body  and  secure 
the  greatest  value  from  the  heat  con¬ 
sumed.  ‘ 


JEWEL 


with  their  plain,  neat,  smooth  finish 
castings  and  beautiful  nickel  ornamswts 
are  the  pride  of  thousands  of  American 
housewives.  ^ 

Over  1 ,000  styles  of  Jewel  Stoves  and 
Ranges  to  select  from  one  to  meet  your 
m°,wf,iac£n8  re<3uirements.  Over 
10,000  dealers  sell  and  guarantee  Jewel 
Stoves.  See  them  at  your  dealer's,  and 
fuy  a  Jewel  and  save  fuel. 

Big  Stove  Book  Free 

yd Write  today  for  our  illustrated  book. 
It  explains  the  many  points  of  Jewel 
supremacy. 

DETROIT  $  STOVE  WORKS 

“Largest  Stove  Plant  in  the  World” 

'Detroit  Chicavrv 


Over  -4.000  000 in  use 


Half  a  Million 
Acres  Open 
to  Settlement 

Three  Thousand 
Government 
Homesteads 


Direct  Route  to 

Gregory,  Dallas  and  Rapid  City 
South  Dakota 

■Which  are  points  of  registration 
for  opening  ot  the 

Pine  Ridge  and  Rosebud 
Indian  Reservations 

Time  of  Registration 
October  2  to  21,1911 

For  printed  matter  and  full 
particulars  apply  to 

Chicago  and 
North  Western 
Railway 

A.  C.  Johnson 
Passenger  Traffic  Manager 
KW1S38  Chicago ,  ///. 


igsasasasHsasasasgssasa 


BOOK 

FREE 


"Seats  Them  All 
r  SERVICE 

the  engine  that  will  make  the  most 
money  for  you,  because  it  does  more  work, 
costs  less  to  run,  and  costs  less  for  impairs 
than  any  other  outfit  youcould  bny.  Let 
us  prove  it  to  you  before  you  decide  on 
any  engine.  Write  at  once  for  the 

LEFFEL  Steam 

Engine  Book — Free.  Tells  jost  what 
you  want  to  know  about  power 
outfits  of  every  kind,  Iton't  make 


right 


rum. 


a  mi  stake  in  buying  an  enfrine.Buy 
the/ir»t  tSmts.  Write  for  onr  free  booh 


Address 

JAMES  LEFFEL 
k  COMPANY 
Box  2«4 
Springfield,  O# 


Hoofing  Prices 


Never  Before 

A  Roofing  Offer  Like  This! 


There  are  only  S000  squares  ol  this  Corrugated  Iron  ’Roofing  at  this  price. 
It’S  brand  new,  perfect,  first-class  in  every  respect,  1>ut  tight  'Weight.  Wfi 
bought  it  at  a  forced  sale  and  must  sell  it  quick.  Sheets  22  x  24x1  )i  in.  corrugation. 
Our  wrecking  price  only  $1.25  per  square,  delivered  f.  o.  b.  cars 
Chicago.  On  this  item  specify  Lot  No.  700  because  we  cannot  pay  freight  at  this 
unheard  of  price.  Let  us,  however,  quote  you  the  lowest^  • 

Freight  Prepaid  Prices 

-  -  -  -  --  ■  ■  .....  Materials.  We  must 

move  our  surplus  stock  on  all  of  our  roofing  materials  and  since  we  have  liter¬ 
ally  “smashed”  prices  on  every  kind  of  roofing  material,  this  is  your  opportun¬ 
ity  to  buy  what  you  need,  at  a  tremendous  saving.  We  intend  to  maintain  our 
leadership  as  the  largest  “‘direct  to  consumer"  Roofing  Material  Concern  on 
e^rth  and  we  defy  any  competitor  to  meet  our  prices. 

Our  Big  Advantage  JSS 

_ buying  organization  and  our 

fl, 500 ,000.00  capital  and  surplus— makes  it  possible ’.lor  us  to  pick  up  these 


“  snaps  ”  and  pass  them  along  to  you.. 

We  Will  Save  You  Money 


THIS  HAM  USER 


Is  the  only  Tool  you  need 
—And  YTo 
furnish  It 

With  every  order  for  three  or 
more  squares  of  Kooflng,  Biding  or 
Celling  we  give,  absolutely  free,  one 
full-sized,  first  class  Imumir  ra*  here 
shown.  .Remember  this  Is  .not,  in  any 
sense,  a'‘tQy”haminer  but  a  -warrant¬ 
ed  tool  made  of  properly  tempered, 
-crucible  cast  steel,  not  excelled  by 
any  hammer  on  the  market.  Adze 
ey  e ,  bell  fare ;  «e  l  voted,  s t  ralRht-graln  - 
ed  hickory  .handle  properly  balanced 
and  put  In.  luttWOh  a  hammer  as 
you  have  dully’  use  for  around  the 
house  and  farm— the  kind  you  would 
pay  60c  or  75c  for  at  any  hardware 
atore.  Order  three  or  moreaquarea 
of  Ilooflng,  Biding  or  Celling  and  get 
one  of  these  ifiuo  hammers.  Free. 


on  iMiy  and  every  kind  of  roofing,  siding  or  ceiling. 
If  you  are  thinking  of  re-roofing  your  house,  barn, 
.graineries,  poultry  bouses,  etc.,  write  os  and  wc  will 
give  you  the  benefit. of  our  years  of  experience  and  onr  best  advice  as  to  the  kind  and  quality  you  should  buy. 

Galvanized  and  Painted  Coverings  Flat,  Corrugated,  Standing 

- — - -  —■■■'"  Seam  and  “V”  Crimped 

sheets,  suitable  for  all  covering  purposes — Roofing,  Siding,  Ceiling,  Lining,  etc.  tdetat  Roofings  pro  best 
and  cheapest  in  the  long  run,  easiest  to  lay,  longest  life,  non -absorbent ;  fire,  water  and  lightning  proof;  cooler 
in  Summer,  warmer  in  Winter;  do  not  taint  rain  water;  with  ordinary  care  will  last  .a  lifetime. 

"great*  roofing! 

BOOK  FREE  | 


Write  Today  For 


Samples 


Chicago  House  Wrecking  Co. 

lit li  At  Iron  St*.,  Chicago 

Send  me.  free,  your 

SOTYSUSi 

guiaexor.roofere.ar-  1 
chitc els  and  owners. 


Kame - 

4kddreM__ 


Tell  us  kind  of  building  and  size,  also  ask  for  our  special  low  freight  paid  prices 
|  and  clear,  easily  understood  roofing  proposition,  including  our  BBHOiHG  GUARANTEE 
which,  for  eighteen  years  has  protected  every  purchaser.  Your  money  back  if  any  goods 
fail  to  meet  our  representation.  Don’t  fail  to  send  coupon  for-Great  Free  Roofing  Book. 

I  CHICAGO  HOUSE  WRECKING  CO. 

\  THIRTY -FIFTH  AND  IRON  STS.,  CHICAGO. 


1911 


^THB  RUR^A.I>  NEW-YORKER 


901 


was  the  first  device^made  by  man  for  producing  power.  It 
will  be  the  last  hope  of  the  human  race.  When  all  other 
natural  resources  have  been  exhausted  the  windmill  will 


The  WINDMILL 

still  remain,  and  will  probably  furnish 

light,  heat  and  power  for  the  remnant  of  the  human  race.  In  the  interim,  between  the  beginning 
and  the  end  (where  we  now  are)  it  makes  a  greater  return  to  the  people  in  proportion  to  its 
cost  than  any  other  machine.  It  does  more  cheaply,  and  with  less  attention,  the  thing 
which  it  is  fitted  to  do,  than  any  other  power. 

The  wind  blows  everywhere  and  is  free.  With  a  windmill,  the  expense 
for  oil  and  repairs  is  the  only  6ne,  and  that  is  trifling.  An  engine  requires 
much  more  in  the  way  of  oil  and  repairs,  and  fuel  —  which  is  the  great  expense 
—  has  to  be  added. 

The  windmill  does  not  require  an  experienced  man  to  operate  it.  It  is  so  simple 
that  anyone  can  understand  its  workings. 

A  well-made  windmill  is  a  durable  machine.  The  driving  shaft  of  a  windmill  runs 
only  about  one-fifth  as  fast  as  the  crank  shaft  of  an  engine  of  the  same  power.  A  good 
windmill  will  outlast  several  engines  doing  the  sa  ne  amount  of  work. 

The  best  farmers,  everywhere,  use  windmills  generally  for  pumping  water.  In  every 
progressive  farming  community  the  windmill  is  the  most  conspicuous  object.  It  towers  above  most 
‘groups  of  farm  buildings. 

All  the  world  knows  that  the  Aermotor  Company  made  the  first  steel  windmills 
and  steel  towers,  and  made  the  steel  windmill  and  steel  tower  business.  It  is  believed  that, 
since  the  business  was  fairly  established,  it  has  made,  and  continues  to  make,  more  than  half 
the  world  s  supply  of  windmills.  In  the  Aermotor  the  plan  of  back-gearing  was  first  introduced 
into  windmill  construction.  By  this  means  the  power  of  the  swiftly  running  wheel  is  utilized 
without  operating  the  pump  too  fast. 

The  peculiar  form  of  Aermotor  wheel,  which  gives  it  great  power,  also  enables 
it  to  run  in  the  lightest  breeze.  No  windmill  has  yet  been  made  which  equals  the  Aermotor  in 
its  light-running  qualities.  The  form  of  the  wheel  is  exactly  right. 

Simplicity  is  another  of  the  important  features  of  the  Aermotor.  There  are  no  complicated  parts  to  get  out  of  order, 
skillful  adjustment.  Every  part  is  solid,  substantial  and  durable. 


There  are  no  devices  requiring 
The  other  bearings  have 


The 
Aermotor 
has  been 
smiling  at 
the  breezes 
for  23 
years 


I  he  main  bearings  of  the  Aermotor  have  large  dust-proof  oil  pockets  which  afford  the  best  possible  means  of  lubrication, 
automatic  oil  cups. 

Aermotor  has  thoroughly  demonstrated  its  Staying  qualities.  In  almost  any  community  Aermotors  can  be  found 
which  have  been  doing  duty  for  fifteen,  eighteen  or  twenty  years.  And  these  old  Aermotors  were  made  before  the  days  of  the  heavy  gears  and  the 
shaft-carrying  arms  which  are  easily  turned  in  their  sockets  so  as  to  give  new  and  perfect  bearings  for  the  shafts  in  case  they  have  become  worn  through 
overloading  or  neglect.  The  present  Aermotors  are  sure  to  be  more  durable  and  serviceable  than  the  earlier  ones. 

The  galvanizing  of  Aermotor  outfits  has  had  much  to  do  with  their  popularity.  Aermotor  galvanizing  is  real 
galvanizing.  It  is  the  best  that  can  be  done  and  will  last  a  lifetime.  Aermotors  which  were 

galvanized  twenty  years  ago  are  as  good  as  ever.  Stni 

The  Aermotor  Company  has  been  building  for  the  ages.  It  has  always  been  working  ZCS  Smiling 

toward  the  building  up  of  a  great  and  permanent  business.  It  has  succeeded  so  well  that  Aermotors  are  as  well 
known  in  South  America  and  South  Africa  as  in  the  United  States.  Dealers  in  Aermotor  goods  are  found  every¬ 
where.  When  you  want  anything  in  the  Aermotor  line  you  can  get  it  and  get  it  quickly. 

AERMOTOR  PRICES  AND  POLICIES 

When  the  Aermotor  Company  commenced  the  manufacture  of  the  windmill,  it  reduced  the 
cost  of  wind  power  to  one-sixth  of  what  it  had  been.  It  advertised  its  prices.  It  made  the  best 
thing  that  could  be  made  and  at  the  lowest  price  at  which  it  could  be  made.  It  uses  no  traveling 
men.  It  made  so  good  an  article  that  one-half  the  world’s  business  came  to  it  and  stayed  with  it. 

It  is  doing  the  same  thing  with  the  gasoline  engine.  Where  one  goes  others  follow,  and  we  are 
turning  them  out  in  great  quantities,  to  the  delight  of  Aermotor  friends  everywhere.  We  could  send  smart  traveling  salesmen  to  see  you  and 
persuade  you  to  pay  $25  or  $50  more  for  a  windmill  or  an  engine,  and  it  would  be  worth  it— not  to  you,  but  to  us.  But  there  are  plenty  of 
reading  and  thinking  men  who  prefer  to  save  their  own  time  and  money  and  deal  in  the  Aermotor  way. 

AERMOTOR  GASOLINE  ENGINES 

Wherever  a  Windmill  is  suitable  for  the  work,  an  Aermotor  furnishes  the  cheapest  and  most  satisfactory  power  for  pumping.  But  there  are 
some  places  where  a  good  wind  exposure  cannot  be  had.  There  are  other  places  where  power  is  wanted  only  temporarily.  Sometimes  tenants  are  obliged  to 
supply  their  own  power  for  operating  the  pump  and  do  not  wish  to  put  up  a  windmill  which  they  will  have  to  leave  behind  them  when  they  move.  To  supply 

the  demand  for  a  pumping  power  for  such  cases  the  Aermotor  Company  makes  a  gasoline  engine  which  can  be  attached  to  “any  old 
pump  ”  in  thirty  minutes.  It  is  sold  complete  and  ready  to  connect  to  the  pump  for  $37.50,  F.  O.  B.  Chicago. 

For  ranch  purposes,  or  for  handling  large  quantities  of  water,  a  heavy,  back-geared  pumping  engine  is  supplied 
for  $100.00,  all  complete,  ready  to  receive  the  well  fittings,  which  can  be  set  up  in  working  order  within  an  hour  after  it  is 
received.  It  is  capable  of  raising  sixty  barrels  of  water  an  hour  to  an  elevation  of  one  hundred  feet. 

For  running  machinery,  the  Aermotor  Company  makes  a  line  of  General  Purpose  Power  Engines.  The  2  H.  P. 
Hopper  Cooled  Engine  sells  for  $75.00,  4  H.  P.,  $125.00.  All  prices  are  F.  O.  B.  Chicago. 

These  engines  are  fitted  with  the  Aermotor  galvanized  steel  pulleys.  Who  ever  heard  of  a  galvanized 
steel  pulley?  No  one.  Nor  did  anyone  ever  hear  of  a  galvanized  steel  windmill,  or  steel  tower,  until  the  Aermotor  Company  pro¬ 
duced  them.  These  galvanized  pulleys  are  sure  to  revolutionize  the  pulley  business.  They  are  light,  strong,  cannot  be  broken  and 
are  wonderfully  cheap.  A  complete  set  of  seven  pulleys  for  a  2  H.  P.  engine  is  sold  for  only  $8.00.  A  set  of  seven’ pul- 
leys  for  the  4  H.  P.  engine  sells  for  $11-90*  We  always  furnish  one  pulley  free  with 
each  power  engine ;  but  to  anyone  thinking  of  buying  an  engine,  who  writes  us  within  one 
week  from  the  appearance  of  ihis  advertisement,  stating  in  what  paper  he  saw  it,  we  will 
furnish  free,  with  each  2  H.  P.  engine  or  larger,  $5.00  worth  of  pulleys  of  any  size  which 
you  may  select  for  either  engine  or  line  shaft,  provided  the  order  is  sent  in  before  January 
1st,  1912.  Pulleys  for  the  line  shaft  —  being  used  where  they  are  protected  from  the 
weather  —  are  not  galvanized. 


AERMOTOR  STEEL  PULLEYS 


Diameter  of 
Pulley, 
Inches. 

Width 
of  Face. 
Inches. 

PRICES. 

For  Fngine 

For  Line  Shaft 

6 

7 

.75 

.95 

8 

9 

,85 

1.05 

10 

9 

.95 

1.20 

12 

9 

1.10 

1.40 

14 

9 

1.25 

1.60 

1G 

9 

1.45 

1.80 

18 

7 

1.65 

2.10 

20 

7 

1.90 

2.40 

22 

7 

2.15 

2.70 

24 

7 

2.40 

3.00 

MAGNETO  FREE 

All  Aermotor  Power  Engines  are  fitted  with  a  magneto 
free.  Batteries  are  not  used  with  these  engines.  You  have  no 
ignition  troubles  when  you  buy  Aermotor  Gasoline  Engines  fitted 
with  the  Aermotor  magneto.  We  don’t  believe  that  anyone 
who  once  sees  an  Aermotor  Engine  run  with  magneto  will  take 
any  other  engine  as  a  gift.  For  full  particulars  write 


~  . . . 


Compare  these  prices  with  those  you  have  to  pay 
for  auy  other  pulleys 


Aermotor  Company  2516  w.  12th  street  Chicago 


902 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKES 


August  2d, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


Old  Friends. — Over  25  years  ago  I  lived 
in  Oktibbeha  County,  Miss.,  where  Mother 
was  raised.  At  that  time  East  Mississippi 
was  not  very  weli  developed.  The  Agri¬ 
cultural  College  had  just  been  established, 
and  the  directors  were  feeling  their  way 
along  in  an  effort  to  find  out  what  farmers 
could  do  with  their  land.  Last  week  Dero 
Saunders,  an  old  friend  of  these  old  days, 
came  walking  in  upon  me.  His  wife  was 
Mother’s  old  girl  friend,  and  it  was  like 
two  old  shadows  of  the  past  taking  sub¬ 
stantial  form  and  stepping  out  into  the 
present.  I  have  lived  to  learn  that  men 
rarely  pick  up  strong  friendship  after  they 
are  .30.  They  do  sometimes  make  enduring 
ties  even  at  50,  but  “old  friends  are  the 
best.”  Here  they  were  skipping  across  a 
quarter  of  a  century,  forgetting  what  lay 
between,  two  old  friends,  a  little  older  and 
weather-beaten,  perhaps,  but  still  strong  and 
prosperous  and  true.  It  made  me  mighty 
thoughtful  to  see  Mother  and  Mrs.  Saun¬ 
ders  sitting  on  our  porch  and  talking  back 
to  girlhood. 

What  did  I  think  about? 

If  1  have  got  to  answer,  it  was  a  dark, 
muddy  night  in  a  little  Mississippi  town. 
There  was  a  party  at  Hero's  house,  and  I 
went  along  with  a  certain  young  -woman. 
It  was  one  of  the  few  and  foolish  occasions 
when  T  tried  to  dance.  I  stepped  on  this 
young  woman’s  foot  and  nearly  ruined  that 
and  my  chances  at  one  step.  That  cured 
me  of  dancing  at  least. 

But  it  was  a  happy  reunion.  You  cannot 
beat  these  Southern  people  for  real  homely 
sentiment.  “Why,”  said  Dero,  “I’d  rather 
break  bread  with  you  all  than  eat  with  the 
king  !”  You  see,  I  had  just  seiwed  him  with 
a  big  spoonful  of  hash  and  filled  up  his 
dish  with  Lima  beans.  There  was  a  plate 
of  baked  apples  also  coming.  I  do  not 
know  how  many  invitations  Dero  has  had 
to  sit  with  kings,  hut  he  meant  what  he 
said.  The  best  part  of  his  visit  was  when 
he  sat  in  the  twilight  on  our  porch  and 
told  the  children  about  their  grandmother. 
She  was  a  Yankee  teacher,  who  went  South 
before  the  War.  and  lived  all  through  those 
fearful  days  of  war  and  reconstruction. 
You  would  not  call  her  brilliant  or  greatly 
accomplished,  yet  her  influence  was  endur¬ 
ing.  The  girls  she  taught  and  influenced 
are  now  grown  women,  who  tell  their 
daughters  and  granddaughters  what  this 
quiet  woman  did  for  them.  She  will  be 
remembered  and  her  influence  felt  long 
after  the  so-called  strong  and  great  have 
faded  out  of  memory. 

A  Good  Country. — But  you  know  what 
it  means  to  meet  old  friends.  I  was  in¬ 
terested  to  know  about  the  country.  It 
has  developed  wonderfully.  There  have 
been  no  land  booms  or  speculation,  but  a 
steady  growth  to  results  which  reads  like  a 
fairy  tale.  No  gold  discoveries  or  great 
manufacturing.  There  is  some  lumbering, 
but  the  basis  of  prosperity  is  plain  and 
simple  farming.  The  .Tersey  cow  and  Al¬ 
falfa  have  done  the  business.  When  I  lived 
in  that  country  25  years  ago  Col.  Wm.  B. 
Montgomery  was  a  leading  character.  He 
was  then  an  old  man,  who  had  dreams  of 
a  great  future  for  Mississippi  as  a  dairy 
State.  The  so-called  “authorities”  of  that 
time  stated  that  the  Ohio  River  was  about 
the  limit  of  profitable  dairying.  Col.  Mont¬ 
gomery  was  one  of  those  persistent  char¬ 
acters  who  make  history  by  riding  over 
“authorities”  when  the  authority  is  half- 
baked  or  bogus.  He  startl'd  a  herd  of  Jer¬ 
sey  cattle  and  went  about  preaching  the 
gospel  of  the  butter  cow.  He  claimed  that 
the  South  could  produce  the  cheapest  and 
best  dairy  cow  in  the  world.  She  would 
be  cheapest  because  the  climate  made  cheap 
cow  food  possible,  and  also  cheapened  the 
cost  of  shelter.  He  claimed  that  the 
Southern-grown  Jersey  would  be  larger  and 
stronger  than  those  produced  at  the  North, 
and  superior  to  Island  Jerseys  because  they 
could  enjoy  the  mild  climate  of  the  Island 
with  a  freer,  active  life.  I  have  seen  the 
old  man's  eye  kindle  and  his  form  straight¬ 
en  as  he  told  what  the  Jersey  cow  would 
bring  to  northeast  Mississippi.  Then  a 
shadow  would  pass  over  his  face  and  he 
would  say :  “But  I  am  30  years  too  old !” 

It  Came  True. — You  see  men  pass  away, 
but  their  influence  remains.  Col.  Mont¬ 
gomery  grafted  the  Jersey  cow  upon  this 
section,  and  she  grew  to  be  the  leading 
citizen.  Younger  men  like  Dero  Saunders 
finally  saw  what  was  coming,  and  they  got 
ready  for  it  with  Alfalfa,  Soy  beans,  cow 
peas,  Johnson  grass  and  many  others.  They 
put  up  siloes.  That  country  is  now  well 
spotted  with  concrete  structures.  The  col¬ 
lege  took  up  the  work.  All  this  has  been 
done  without  ‘any  boom  or  flourish.  It  is 
doubtful  if  many  of  you  ever  heard  of  the 
Mississippi  Agricultural  College,  yet  I 
greatly  doubt  if  any  similar  college  in  fhe 
country  has  done  more  to  actually  influence 
the  real  farming  of  its  State.  Most  of  you 
think  of  Mississippi  as  a  large  cotton 
plantation.  I  feel  sure  that  Starkville  is 
the  greatest  market  headquarters  for  good 
Jersey  grade  cows  that  there  is  in  this 


country.  The  Jersey  breed  has  dominated 
that  section,  and  a  double  cross  on  the 
native  stock  gives  an  animal  almost  un¬ 
rivalled  as  a  practical  butter  maker.  Car¬ 
loads  of  these  cows  are  sent  all  over  the 
South — -to  Texas  and  even  to  I’orto  Rico. 
It  is  just  the  same  as  we  find  elsewhere. 
When  any  locality  gets  a  reputation  for 
producing  anything  of  superior  quality  its 
very  goods  serve  as  advertising.  The  Stark¬ 
ville  cow  is  known  all  over  the  Gulf  States, 
and  whenever  butter  makers  are  wanted  the 
buyers  go  to  headquarters.  This  is  only 
the  old  story  which  has  been  proved  a  dozen 
times.  The  thing  works  both  ways,  for  if 
people  try  their  tricks  and  palm  off  bogus 
goods  they  are  soon  found  out.  and  their 
reputation  is  turned  to  evil.  There  are  a 
few  sections  in  New  York  State  where  men 
have  shipped  low  grade  apples  topped  off 
with  good  ones  to  deceive.  Such  places  are 
shunned  by  buyers,  and  a  man  would  think 
many  times  before  lie  started  an  orchard 
in  any  such  neigh borhood. 

Improved  Farming.— As  dairying  im¬ 
proved  the  hog  followed.  Twenty-five  years 
ago  this  part  of  Mississippi  was  largely 
fed  from  the  North.  Most  of  the  “meat.” 
which  means  salted  pork,  came  from  the 
packing  houses  in  Chicago  or  Cincinnati, 
and  the  butter  from  Northern  creameries. 
The  mules  were  fed  on  Timothy  hay  from 
Illinois  or  Iowa.  The  Jersey  grade  has 
changed  all  this.  Her  cousin,  the  hog. 
accepts  her  skim-milk  and  packs  meat  for 
the  people.  It  was  necessary  to  feed  her 
well  in  Winter.  nor  grandmother  might 
safely  run  in  a  canebrake.  but  Mrs.  Jersey 
was  making  history  and  she  needed  better 
food  for  the  job.  So  the  wise  men  studied 
out  Alfalfa  and  similar  crops.  The  boom¬ 
ers  and  blowhards  have  tried  to  make  us 
believe  that  the  Western  deserts  make  the 
Alfalfa  paradise.  From  what  Dero  tells 
me  I  judge  that  they  should  guess  again. 
He  has  already  cut  his  Alfalfa  five  times! 
The  first  cutting  comes  in  April.  At  that 
time  they  usually  have  a  wet  season,  and 
this  makes  a  trying  time  with  the  Alfalfa, 
since  they  cannot  cure  it  for  hay.  It. 
must  be  cut,  so  they  are  trying  out  the1 
plan  of  cutting  and  feeding  green  in  racks. 
The  subsequent  cuttings  can  be  cured  if 
need  be.  and  this  first  cutting  might  even 
be  left  on  the  ground.  At  any  rate,  they 
seldom  if  ever  have  a  drought  in  that 
country,  and  the  abundant  moisture  keeps 
the  Alfalfa  on  the  jump.  Sometimes  a 
single  reason's  jump,  all  cuttings  measured, 
will  be  15  feet  or  more!  Now  imagine 
what  all  this  means  to  a  country.  Tt  is 
like  pouring  into  a  farmer’s  grain  bin  every 
year  three  tons  of  wheat  bran  for  every 
acre  of  Alfalfa  on  his  farm.  Some  of  these 
men  have  100  acres  or  more  of  the  crop. 
A  few  centuries  ago  the  world  poured  gold 
into  Spain,  manufacturing  into  France, 
shipping  into  Great  Britain,  and  energy  and 
home  building  into  this  country.  It  all 
changed  history.  Spain  failed,  the  others 
prospered,  because  the  gold  represented 
plunder  and  idleness,  while  the  other  things 
meant  hardship  and  work.  East  Mississippi 
lias  prospered  because  the  Jersey  cow  and 
what  she  stood  for  compelled  the  people  to 
work  and  think  in  order  to  feed  her  prop¬ 
erly. 

Around  Syracuse,  N.  Y„  Alfalfa  has 
changed  the  character  of  farming,  doubled 
the  price  of  land  and  made  history.  In  a 
much  larger  way  Alfalfa  growing  has 
changed  the  entire  aspect  of  life  around 
Starkville.  On  those  Syracuse  farms  we 
found  all  crops,  grain,  potatoes,  fruit,  im¬ 
proving  with  each  round  of  the  rotation, 
for  the  manure  made  from  the  Alfalfa  hay 
and  used  on  the  cultivated  crops  had  been 
the  same  as  if  tons  of  imported  plant  food 
had  been  added.  In  the  same  way  all 
farm  crops,  cotton  and  corn,  have  felt  the 
influence  of  this  great  firm  of  Jersey  cow. 
hog  and  Alfalfa.  Half  a  century  ago  the 
unpaid  slave,  fed  and  clothed  from  the 
North,  scratched  the  land  with  labor  which 
kept  everyone  in  some  degree  of  poverty. 
To-day  the  Jersey  cow,  fed  on  Alfalfa  and 
grass,  is  making  the  same  country  as  pros¬ 
perous  as  any  farm  section  in  the'  land.  Tt 
is  plain  farming,  too — without  local  mar¬ 
kets  or  manufacturing.  We  have  had  many 
industrial  revolutions  in  this  country,  hut 
I  would  like  to  be  told  of  anv  more  re¬ 
markable  than  this  silent  one  led  by  the 
Jersey  grade  and  Alfalfa. 

New  Problems. — Yet  this  section  is  fac¬ 
ing  hard  problems.  The  cotton  boll-weevil 
has  appeared,  and  is  sure  to  cut  down  the. 
crops.  The  wise  men  may  devise  some  way 
of  fighting  this  insect,  but  it  will  surely 
hurt  cotton  growing.  That  must  mean  a 
new  use  of  the  land.  Then  the  labor  ques¬ 
tion  begins  to  trouble.  Yon  may  have 
noticed  that  labor  troubles  come  with  pros¬ 
perity.  As  wealth  increases  labor  shares 
to  some  extent,  and  demands  larger  pay 
and  shorter  hours.  In  the  dairy  business 
there  is  no  such  thing  as  a  short  day.  A 
man  is  tied  to  a  cow’s  tall  3f>5  days  in  the 
year,  and  must  stay  there  in  spite  of  holi¬ 
days.  “excursions”  or  baseball  games.  You 
cannot  fool  or  dally  with  a  cow.  The  labor 
question  may  drive  some  of  those  Missis¬ 
sippi  farmers  into  meat  production — that 
is,  beef  or  mutton.  Dero  tells  me  that  he 
has  already  tried  that  with  good  success. 
He  has  one  farm  of  320  acres  fenced  and 
divided  into  two  parts.  Part  of  this  is 
natural  pasture  and  part  seeded.  He  buys 
steers  on  the  open  market  and  turns  them 
into  this  pasture  about  March.  They  are 
changed  from  one  side  to  the  other,  so  that 
half  the_ pasture  is  growing  while  the  steers 
are  eating  the  other  half.  They  allow 
about  three  acres  for  each  steer — the  num¬ 
ber  running  from  107  to  120.  In  October 
they  are  taken  out  and  sold — well  fattened 
without  any  grain  feeding.  Every  steer  is 
weighed  and  marked  as  he  goes  in  and 
weighed  as  he  comes  out.  There  is  good 
profit  in  this,  as  practically  no  labor  is 
required.  To  that  extent  it  is  better  than 
dairying.  One  singular  drawback  is  the 
fact  that  the  local  country  has  been  so 
completely  Jerseyized  that  it  is  hard  to 
get  large  steers  with  beef  blood.  This 
business  is  quite  sure  to  grow,  and  I  think 
the  South  will  eventually  produce  a  good 
share  of  our  fat  beef.  Of  course  this  sort  I 
of  farming  is  entirely  different  from  any-  j 
thing  we  have  in  New  Jersey.  I  have' 
made  some  figures  comparing  1<Y  apple  trees 
or  500  strawberry  plants  in  New  Jersey 
with  a  steer  or  heifer  in  Mississippi.  We 
can  get  at  them  later,  and  we  shall  see  that 
there  are  fair  chances  everywhere  for  those 
who  hunt  for  them !  h.  w.  c.  I 


This  New  Press  Enables  Hay 
Balers  to  Clean  Up  $10  a  Day 


With  hay  at  its  present  price  and  a  new  Sandwich  Motor  Press,  any  live  fel¬ 
low  can  clean  up  $10  a  day.  Baling  hay  is  a  delightful  occupation,  and  you  can 
make  more  money  during  the  six  months’  baling  season  than  most  men  make 
in  a  whole  year.  The  few  t  ’.ndred  dollars  you  invest  in  an  outfit  brings  4  to  8 
times  as  big  returns  as  the  same  amount  put  into  farming  or  a  retail  business. 


Tbe  Motor  Press  is  a  combination  Sandwich 
All-Steel  Belt  Power  Press  nnd  high-grade  gasoline 
engine.  Complete  and  compart.  Works  liko  light- 
amg — easy  to  move—  always  ready  for  work— no  set¬ 
ting  up  of  engine  required.  Chain  drive.  No  belts 
to  adjust,  or  lose  power..  Easy  to  start  or  stop  press 
instantly. 


Outfit  of  best,  most  subptantial  construction 
throughout.  Sleel  press— axles,  wheels  and  plat¬ 
forms  reinforced  throughout.  7  H.  P.  bopi>er- 
cooled  engine— brake  test.  9  H.  P.  Tunk  underneath. 
Equipped  with  batteries  and  magneto,  combination 
seat,  battery  and  .tool  l>ox.  nnd  standard  gasoline 
pump.  Tf  you  have  engine,  buy  Press  alone.  Any 
standard  hopper-cooled  engine  can  bo  used. 


Sandwich  All-Steel  Motor  Press 


Thiaootfit  bales  2H!  to3t£trms  per  hour.  Hasself 
feeder  equipment.  Takes  doable  charge  of  hay. 
Has  no  condenser  box,  needs  no  foot  tamping— 
feeds  direct  from  fork.  No  bal¬ 
ance  wheels,  no 
complicated  gears, 
no  high  speed  ma¬ 
chinery.  East,  sim- 


Write  f or  F  ree  Book 
on  Hay  Baling 
(42) 


_ yo 

smaller  outfit  — one  Jess  expensive  and  having  ca¬ 
pacity  of.  say  IX  tons  per  hour,  we  can  furnish  it. 
using  either  a  4  or  6  II.  P.  gasoline  engine. 

We  make  presses  with  or  wit  hout  engines — 
wood  frame  nnd  steel  frnme,  horse  power  nnd 
engine  power.  In  nil  sizes  up  to 
5-ton  per  hour  c-apneity. 

Drop  us  a  Hue  today  for  new 
hook,  about  tbe  Astounding 
Profits  in  Hay  Haling.  Lot  us 
tell  you  more  about  this  wonder¬ 
ful  Sandwich  Motor  Press. 


Sandwich  Mfg.  Co. 

Spruce  St ,  Sandwich,  III. 


Imperial 


Pulverizer 


Clod  Crusher  and  Roller  Leads  them  All.  Send  for  circulars. 
THE  PETERSON  MFG.  CO.,  135  RIVER  ST.,  KENT.  OHIO 


II ARVESTK  1>  with  Binder  Attach¬ 
ment  cuts  and  throws  in  piles  on  har¬ 
vester  or  winnow.  Man  and  horse  cuts 
and  shocks  equal  with  a  Corn  Binder. 
Sold  in  every  State.  Price  $20  witli 
Binder  Attachment.  S.  C.  MONTGOMERY,  of  Texaline, 
Tex.,  writes:— "Tlie  harvester  has  proven  all  you  claim 
forit,  With  the  assistance  of  one  man  cut  and  bound  over 
100  acres  oT  <  urn.Katfir  Corn  and  Maize  last  year.”  Testi¬ 
monials  and  catalog  free,  showing  pictures  of  harvester. 
NEW  PROCESS  MEG.  CO.,  Saliiia,  Kan. 


No  Better  Roofing  Made 
At  Double  Gar  Price 

1  Ply,  *1.20  Per  100  Sq-  Ft. 

2  “  1.50  "  “  “  ” 
i  “  1.80  “  “  “  " 

Our  Complete  Mail  Order  Catalogue- 
Free  on  Request 

MANUFACTURERS  DISTRIBUTING  CO 

Pittsburgh’s  Mail  Order  House 

Dept.  H.  Pittsimrob,  Pa. 


The  Concrete  Dairy  Is  the 
Clean  Dairy 

Real,  genuine  cleanliness  is  an  absolute  necessity  in 
your  dairy  if  you  want  to  get  the  most  money  out  of 
your  stock. 

You  can  hose  out  your  concrete  barn  as  often  as  clean¬ 
liness  demands  —  and  with  very  little  expenditure  of 
time  and  labor.  You  save  enough  in  manure  to  pay 
for  your  concrete  barn  over  and  over  again. 

Things  made  of  concrete  are  fireproof  and  everlasting  improve¬ 
ments.  Every  farmer  should  build  of  concrete  wherever  possible 


Write  for  any  of  the  following  special  plans  and  instructions; 

(1)  Plans  for  Sidewalks 

(2)  Plans  for  Troughs 

(3)  Plans  for  Porches  and  Steps 

Write  US  for  information  on  any  kind  of  concrete  work. 
We  will  write  you  individually,  giving  full  instructions 
for  getting  best  results.  This  service  is  free.  The 
only  expense  to  you  will  be  the  postage  used  in  writing 
us;  address  the  nearest  office  of  the  Company, 


UNIVERSAL 


PORTLAND 

CEMENT 


COMPANY 


CHICAGO 
72  West  Adams  St. 


PITTSBURG 
Frick  Building 

Hnnual  Output  10,000,000  Barrels 


MINNEAPOLIS 
Security  Bank  Building 


SfiSw 


. 


WM 


1911. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


903 


Ruralisms 


New  Hybrid  Raspberries. 

J.  F.  C.,  New  York. — Can  you  tell  us 
anything  about  the  two  new  hybrid  rasp¬ 
berries  sent  out  by  the  New  York  Experi¬ 
ment  Station  at  Geneva?  Are  they  mak¬ 
ing  good? 

Ans. — In  the  Spring  of  1908  the  New 
York  Agricultural  Experiment*  Station 
distributed  four  new  varieties  of  red 
raspberries  and  three  of  strawberries 
originating  on  the  Station  grounds,  all 
of  which  are  fully  described  in  Bulle¬ 
tin  No.  298.  In  reply  to  the  inquiry 
concerning  the  Marlative  and  Louboro 
raspberries  will  say  that  the  Louboro 
is  a  cross  between  Loudon  and  Marl¬ 
boro,  the  canes  of  which  are  intermedi¬ 
ate  in  growth  between  its  parents ;  the 
fruit  on  the  Station  grounds  averages 
as  large  or  larger,  than  either  parent, 
in  color  is  a  handsome  light  red  and  is 
of  good  quality,  maturing  slightly 
earlier  than  Loudon.  Reports  re¬ 
ceived  during  the  past  year  indicate 
that  many  growers  are  well  pleased  with 
its  behavior  and  in  some  sections  of  the 
State  it  ranks  with  the  best  commercial 
kinds. 

The  Marlative  is  a  cross  between 
Marlboro  and  Superlative  and  was  sent 
out  for  testing  on  account  of  the  un¬ 
usually  large  attractive  dark  red  fruity 
its  greatest  defect  is  a  tendency  to 
crumble.  It  is  hoped  that  on  some 
soil  this  fault  will  disappear.  Reports, 
however,  indicate  that  this  character  of 
the  fruit  is  not  improving,  and  that  the 
variety  will  doubtless  give  place  to  bet¬ 
ter  kinds,  although  all  agree  as  to  the 
unusual  attractiveness  of  the  fruit  when 
well  grown.  The  canes  are  productive, 
although  semi-dwarf,  ripening  the  fruit 
earlier  than  Loudon.  u.  p.  hedrick. 


that  they  are  saved  separately  for  this 
purpose.  The  common  seedlings  of 
Tennessee  and  that  general  region  have 
for  many  years  been  the  source  of  the 
seeds  that  nurserymen  use  more  than 
any  other.  They  are  offered  by  the 
trade,  and  by  getting  any  of  the  nursery 
trade  papers  or  writing  the  secretary 
of  the  American  Nurserymen’s  Asso¬ 
ciation  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  it  will  be 
easy  to  learn  who  has  them  for  sale. 
The  seed  should  be  got  about  October 
and  may  be  planted  at  once.  Informa¬ 
tion  about  stocks  for  budding  cherry 
and  plum  trees  on  may  also  be  had  in 
the  same  way.  h.  e.  van  deman. 


Daffodils  in  Frames. 

A  recent  inquirer  asked  about  plant¬ 
ing  daffodils  for  early  flowering  on  the 
ground  in  an  unheated  greenhouse.  A 
New  York  florist  tells  us  that  he  grows 
daffodils  largely  in  cold  frames.  The 
bulbs  are  planted  out  in  the  frames  as 
in  the  open  ground  in  the  Fall,  then 
covered,  after  the  ground  is  frozen,  with 
four  to  six  inches  of  well-rotted  manure. 
The  lights  are  left  off  all  Winter,  and 
as  soon  as  the  bulbs  show  growth  in 
the  Spring  the  manure  is  drawn  off  and 
the  lights  put  on.  If  the  frame  is  not 
otherwise  deep  enough  it  is  built  up, 
with  a  line  of  single  boards,  on  which 
the  lights  are  laid,  so  as  to  draw  the 
flower  stalks  up  straight.  This  gives 
daffodils  to  follow  those  forced  indoors, 
before  the  outdoor  flowers,  and  is  a 
very  inexpensive  method.  Emperor  is 
the  favorite  variety  for  this  purpose. 


Mignonette  and  Ants. 

A  florist  warns  us  against  sowing 
mignonette  where  ants  abound.  He 
says  that  ants  have  an  extraordinary 
fondness  for  mignonette  seed,  digging 
up  and  carrying  it  off,  just  like  crows 
attacking  corn.  For  this  reason  he  has 
always  “baited”  a  greenhouse  with 
bones  before  sowing  mignonette  in  the 
benches.  This  year  he  used  bisulphide 
of  carbon  in  the  soil  before  sowing,  and 
believes  the  result  is  very  satisfactory. 
It  is  quite  possible  that  some  failures 
of  garden  mignonette  are  due  to  this 
cause,  where  ants  are  prevalent,  as  our 
informant  says  the  insects  will  dig  out 
almost  every  seed  if  left  undisturbed. 


Nut  Trees;  Fall  Planting. 

R.  A.  C.,  Arnold ,  Pa. — I  was  thinking 
of  planting  some  nut  trees.  Do  you  think 
the  pecan  would  thrive  in  this  latitude  of 
Pennsylvania,  or  would  it  he  better  to  sub¬ 
stitute  English  walnuts?  Is  the  Fall  the 
best  time  for  planting  trees?  Would  it  do 
to  plant  gooseberries  or  currants  in  the 
Fall? 

Ans. — The  climate  of  Pennsylvania  is 
not  suitable  to  the  pecan  and  it  would 
be  unwise  to  plant  trees  of  it  there.  The 
Persian  (or  English)  walnut  does  suc¬ 
ceed  there  as  many  growing  and  bearing 
trees  will  give  evidence.  The  nuts  should 
be  planted  as  soon  as  they  are  ripe  this 
Fall  or  if  it  is  not  convenient  to  plant 
them  where  they  are  to  grow,  which, 
however,  is  the  better  plan,  they  should 
be  buried  in  the  soil  in  a  place  where 
they  will  be  safe  from  mice  or  anything 
else  that  might  disturb  them.  In  the 
latter  case  the  nuts  should  be  planted 
very  early  in  the  Spring,  for  they  ger¬ 
minate  early  and  should  never  be  dis¬ 
turbed  after  there  is  the  slightest  start 
of  the  sprouts.  Grafted  trees  of  named 
varieties  are  preferable  to  seedlings,  but 
there  are  almost  none  to  be  found  in 
the  eastern  nurseries  and  those  from  the 
Pacific  coast  are  too  tender  for  Penn¬ 
sylvania  or  any  of  the  northeastern 
States.  Nuts  from  hardy  trees  that  are 
growing  in  that  region  are  the  only  ones 
that  are  safe  to  plant  there.  The  Fall 
is  a  good  time  to  plant  almost  any  of  the 
fruit  trees  or  berry  plants  in  Pennsyl¬ 
vania.  h.  e.  van  deman. 


Take  Your  Choice 

of  these 

32  Special  Books 


Let  us  show  you  free  of  all  cost  or  obligation 
exactly  how  you  can  save  money  on  everything 
you  buy  to  eat  or  wear  or  use  in  any  way. 

Here  are  a  number  of  the  special  books  we 
issue.  In  the  entire  list  there  may  be  but  one 
or  two  or  three  that  will  interest  you  at  this 
time.  But  by  all  means  get  that  book  or  books 
in  which  you  are  interested. 

You  owe  it  to  yourself,  to  your  family  to  at 
least  investigate  this  big  opportunity  for  saving. 
Check  Over  the  List  Now 


1  Paints 

2  Pianos 

3  Organs 

4  Trunks 
0  Roofing 
fl  Vehicles 

7  Furniture 

8  Incubators 

9  Wall  Paper 

10  Typewriters 

11  Grocery  List 

12  Feed  Cookers 

15  Tank  Heaters 
14  Wire  Fencing 
IB  Carpets,  Rugs 

16  Building  Flans 


17  Baby  Carriages 

18  Men’s  Fur  Coats 

19  Sewing  Machines 

20  Gasoline  Engines 

21  Cream  Separators 

22  Building  Material 

23  Stoves  and  Ranges 

24  Underwear  Samples 
2B  Automobile  Supplies 

26  Bicycles— Motorcycles 

27  Baby’s  Dress  and  Toilet 

28  Women’s  Tailored  Suits 

30  Women’s  Fashion  Book 

31  Raincoats— Mackintoshes 

33  Men’s  Clothing 

34  Women's  Fnrs 


Send  To-Day: 

tions  are  true  to  life. 


Each  of  these  books  is  nicely 
illustrated.  The  illustra- 

_ _ _  _  _  The  descriptions  aro  abso. 

lutely  accurate,  and  behind  every  articlo  there  is  an 
unconditional  guarantee  of  satisfaction  or  money 
refunded.  The  titles  of  these  vnrious  books  tell  you 
the  nature  of  the  contents.  Pick  out  the  book  or 
books  that  interest  you.  write  their  number  in  the 
coupon  below  and  mail  to  U3  to-day. 

Sign  and  Mail  Coupon  NOW"! 

MONTGOMERY  WARD  &  CO. 


19th  and  Campbell  Streets 
KANSAS  CITY 


Chicago  Avenue  Bridge 
CHICAGO 


Please  send  to  my  address  below  books  Nos. 
absolutely  free  of  cost. 


Name . 


Post  Office. 


State . . . 

Send  coupon  to  the  address  nearest  you 


Peach  Pits  and  Stocks. 

S.  II.  N .,  Coeymans,  N.  Y. — Where  can  I 
purchase  peach  pits  for  planting  to  get 
stock  for  budding,  and  what  variety  of  pits 
would  you  advise  to  purchase?  I  have  un¬ 
derstood  that  most  of  them  come  from  the 
mountains  of  Tennessee.  When  can  they  be 
purchased,  and  when  should  they  bo  plant¬ 
ed?  I  also  wish  to  get  some  stock  to  bud 
cherries  and  plums.  Where  can  I  pur¬ 
chase  it?  What  variety  and  when  to  plant? 

Ans. — There  are  some  of  the  budded 
varieties  of  the  peach  that  produce 
seeds  of  sufficient  vitality  and  other 
good  points  for  stocks,  but  it  is  rarely 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE. 


.  .  .  MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY  .  .  . 

*The  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Send  for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  "  Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


“Intensive  Cultivation’’ 


In  the  vicinity  of  Tariffville,  Conn.,  are  fields  aggregating  about  700  acres,  upon 
which  are  gfown  large  quantities  of  Sumatra  tobacco  most  of  which  is  cultivated 
under  cloth;  Posts  several  feet  above  the  ground  are  planted  at  regular  distances; 
wires  are  stretched  tightly,  then  the  muslin  strips  are  stretched  above  the  wires  and 
tied,  thus  making  a  roof.  In  hot  weather  horses  and  men  easily  fatigue  under  this 
canvas,  therefore  some  method  of  easier  and  cheaper  cultivation  was  needed. 
Finally  it  was  decided  to  try  a  20-horsc  power  gasoline  engine  and  a  double-action 
“Cutaway”  Harrow.  This  combination  proved  a  great  success.  This  outfit  takes 
the  place  of  six  8-foot  harrows,  six  men  and  twenty-four  horses.  A  saving  of  $25 
to  $30  a  day,  and  no  horses  to  feed  during  the  winter  months. 

This  outfit  can  be  run  day  and  night,  with  change  of  crews.  The  engine  is  easy 
to  guide ;  simply  set  the  lever,  adjust  the  clevis,  and  the  harrow  requires  no  more 
attention.  It  is  not  necessary  for  the  man  to  ride  on  the  harrow.  Engine  and 
harrow  turn  in  circle  of  64  feet.  The  harrow  works  as  deep  as  necessary,  taking 
the  place  of  plows,  and  pulverizes  the  earth  thoroughly. 

The  harrow  is  made  by  the  Cutaway  Harrow  Co.,  839  Main  Street,  Fligganum, 
Conn.,  who  will  give  full  information  on  application.  Ask  for  free  booklet, 
“Intensive  Cultivation.” 


Sell  Your  Crop 
by  Telephone 


There  is  a  market  for  your 
product,  and  a  price  that  will 
give  you  greatest  profit.  The 
surest  way  to  find  that 
market,  and  to  know  that 
price,  is  by  telephone. 

But  be  sure  your  telephone  is  a 

Western  Electric 

TRADE?  MARK 

Rural  Telephone 

the  trouble-free,  clear-talking  kind  made 
by  the  manufacturers  of  the  celebrated 
“  Bell”  Telephones.  Farmers  every¬ 
where  use  Western  Electric  T  elephones. 

Mail  coupon  to-day  for  book¬ 
let  telling  how  you  can  get  a 
Western  Electric  Telephone. 

The  Western  Electric  Company  Furnishes 
Equipment  for  Every  Electrical  Need. 


WESTERN  ELECTRIC  COMPANY 

Manufacturers  of  the  6,000,000  “Bell”  Telephones 

New  York  Chicago  Saint  Louis  San  Francisco 

Buffalo  Indianapolis  Kansas  City  Oakland 

Philadelphia  Cincinnati  Denver  Los  Angeles 

Boston  Minneapolis  Dallas  Seattle 

Pittsburg  St.  Paul  Omaha  Salt  Lake  City 

Atlanta  Milwaukee  Oklahoma  City  Portland 

_  .  Montreal  Toronto  Winnipeg  Vancouver  London  Paris 

A  W15TDW  EltCIWC  TtlLPtlO^  Antwerp  Berlin  Johannesburg  Sydney  Tokyo 


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Farmers 

ELLIS 

CHAMPION 
THRESHERS 


Do  Your  Own  Threshing! 
You  can  save  the  cost  of  a  rig 
in  a  few  years  besides  doing  the 
work  at  the  most  A  conveni¬ 
ent  time 


are  equally  well  suited  to  threshermen 
aqd  grain  growers  desirous  of  doing  their 
own  work.  Herewith  is  shown  Ellis  Cham¬ 
pion  No.  2  complete  with  stacker,  tailings 
elevator  and  grain  bagger;  operated  by  gasoline, 
steam  or  tread  power.  No  clogging  of  straw  in  these 
threshers.  Made  in  different  sizes  to  meet  all  needs. 

We  also  make  Tread  and  Sweep  Horse-Dower,  circular 
and  drag  saws,  ensilage  cutters,  corn  shellers,  ete.  Send 
for  catalog  giving  full  information  about  these  machines. 

ELLIS  KEYSTONE  AGRICULTURAL  WORKS , 


Pottsiown t  Pa, 


©04 

The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER’S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes 

Established  1850 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company.  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 

Herbert  W.  Collingwood,  President  and  Editor. 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Rovle,  Associate  Editor. 


SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union.  $2.04.  equal  to  8a  6d.,  or 
8}<j  marks,  or  \0%  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matt  'r. 

Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line—"  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  <Jp  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

‘•A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  In  this  paper  is  backed  by  n  respon¬ 
sible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  its  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sulr 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  trifling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  liankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  yon  must  have  mentioned  The  Rvral  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  'make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

Naturally  when  we  talk  about  the  tree  agent  and 
his  “contract”  we  have  a  blast  from  the  nurserymen 
who  sell  trees  in  that  way.  That  was  to  be  expected. 
We  want  some  one  to  tell  us  what  one  of  our  readers 
has  to  gain  by  signing  a  tree  agent's  contract !  Will 
he  get  better  trees?  Will  he  get  good  trees  for  less 
money?  Does  he  have  any  real  redress  when  he  gets 
the  wrong  end  of  the  deal?  We  are  here  to  help  our 
people  get  the  best  bargain  they  can.  Now,  gentle¬ 
men,  come  forward  and  tell  us  why  our  readers  will 
do  better  to  sign  a  contract  with  a  tree  agent. 

* 

The  latest  report  from  Washington  is  that  both  the 
Postmaster  General  and  President  Taft  will  recom¬ 
mend  parcels  post  in  a  “progressive  form.”  They 
want  to  begin  small  and  grow.  Starting  on  rural 
routes  they  would  increase  the  service  as  postal  clerks 
are  trained  for  it.  The  long  hammering  begins  to 
tell.  The  political  situation  will  help  because  both 
parties  would  like  to  have  the  credit  for  organizing 
and  starting  this  reform.  We  shall  believe  we  are 
to  have  a  fair  parcels  post  when  we  see  it  in  actual 
operation.  It  is  no  time  to  lay  aside  the  guns.  We 
must  lire  faster  than  ever. 

* 

A  Long  Island  farmer  is  offering  “humus”  or  leaf- 
mold  at  $15  to  $20  per  ton.  We  understand  this  is 
dried  swamp  muck  of  good  quality.  There  can  be 
no  doubt  that  some  samples  of  muck  or  swamp  soil 
contain  considerably  more  nitrogen  than  average 
stable  manure,  but  the  muck  is  sour  and  this  nitrogen 
is  not  available.  It  would  be  nonsense  for  a  farmer 
to  pay  $15  for  such  “humus”  when  lie  has  a  swamp 
or  an  old  wet  pasture  on  his  farm.  He  can  haul  the 
black  soil  out  of  such  a  place,  compost  it  with  lime 
and  have  it  fit  for  use  by  Spring.  He  could  make 
that  $15  per  ton  look  like  15  cents  in  cost  and  nearly 
equal  it  in  value. 

* 

A  few  weeks  ago  we  told  how  the  English  people 
live  constantly  within  a  few  weeks  of  famine.  The 
statement  was  proved  by  the  recent  laborers’  strike  in 
England.  British  soil  supplies  but  a  small  fraction 
of  the  food  required  by  Englishmen.  The  balance 
must  be  brought  across  the  water — distances  varying 
from  50  miles  to  5,000.  The  strike  prevented  the  dis¬ 
tribution  of  this  food,  and  great  suffering  was  felt. 
It  was  said  that  the  French  people  alone  lost  $1,000,- 
000  per  day  through  the  inability  to  deliver  eggs, 
poultry  and  vegetables — a  good  share  of  which  would 
have  been  delivered  by  parcels  post  when  once  in 
England.  Now  this  gives  us  a  faint  notion  of  what 
would  happen  in  New  York  in  case  the  milk  supply 
were  held  up.  Should  the  dairymen  who  provide  this 
milk  refuse  to  ship  until  they  were  paid  a  fairer  price, 
there  would  be  a  fearful  state  of  affairs.  One  of  the 
largest  dairymen  in  the  country  sends  his  milk  six 
miles  or  more  to  market.  During  a  fierce  snowstorm 
he  could  not  ship  for  36  hours.  He  said :  “I  have 
felt  that  36  milkless  hours  in  New  York  City  would 
result  in  farmers  getting  half  the  retail  price  of  milk. 
Yet,  after  hearing  women  praying  and  crying  over  the 
’phone  for  milk  to  keep  the  babies  alive,  I  could  not 
bear  to  witness  such  a  strike.”  We  do  not  believe  it 
would  ever  come  to  that  if  dairymen  would,  as  they 
could,  show  the  middlemen  that  they  really  mean 
business.  By  the  way,  there  are  babies  in  the  country 
to  be  fed  and  clothed  and  shod  out  of  that  35-cent 
dollar ! 


THE  KUR,aL  NEW-YORKER 

“What  do  'die  care  for  your  farmers  as  long  as  xve 
can  handle  the  caucuses ?  Those  fellows  may  growl, 
but  they  will  always  walk  up  like  little  men  and  vote 
the  ticket !” 

That  is  what  a  politician  gave  us  last  week.  It  ap¬ 
pears  that  they  have  great  “faith  in  the  people”— 
faith  that  they  cannot  shed  the  party  collar.  Some  of 
that  faith  is  well  justified.  A  man  told  this  story 
recently : 

I  was  out  in  the  field  and  started  up  a  rabbit.  We  bad 
a  shepherd  dog  with  us.  That  dog  had  fine  character 
and  brains,  and  he  let  out  all  the  speed  he  had.  The  rab¬ 
bit  just  hopped  along  on  three  feet,  easy  like,  ahead  of  the 
dog  till  he  got  to  the  brush.  I  asked  my  brother  if  all 
the  rabbits  in  that  country  ran  on  three  feet.  “Scare  him 
up  again,"  he  says.  Next  day  we  saw  the  same  rabbit. 
Brother  went  hack  and  unhooked  a  greyhound  and  sicked 
him  on.  Did  that  rabbit  hop  on  three  feet?  Not  on  your 
life.  He  put  all  four  feet  down,  and  his  only  regret  was 
that  he  didn't  have  two  more  feet  to  help  him  along!  It 
was  wonderful  how  the  right  kind  of  a  dog  shod  that 
rabbit! 

So  long  as  they  have  the  caucus  and  people  who 
have  such  sublime  respect  for  their  party  the  poli¬ 
ticians  can  well  afford  to  hop  along  on  three  feet 
and  feel  perfectly  secure.  Give  us  a  primary  nomina¬ 
tion  law  and  a  few  hundred  men  in  each  county  who 
can,  if  need  be,  slip  the  party  collar,  and  the  politicians 
will  run  so  fast  that  they  will  forget  to  stop  running. 
A  politician  serves  his  country  best  when  he  is  on 
the  dead  run  with  the  people  after  him. 

* 

The  Presideht  has  won  out  on  his  reciprocity  issue.  It 
is  as  plain  as  day  that  the  policy  of  the  Republican  party 
is  free  trade  in  farm  products  and  tariff  for  everything 
else.  This  is  made  plain  by  the  prophecies  of  dire  disas¬ 
ter  made  by  Mr.  Hill  of  Connecticut  and  Mr.  McCall  of 
Massachusetts  in  case  the  wool  and  cotton  bills  are  passed. 
These  men  were  the  foremost  advocates  of  reciprocity.  In 
fact.  Mr.  McCall  said  it  would  be  a  crime  to  keep  a  tariff 
on  wheat  if  the  price  were  raised  thereby.  The  same  argu¬ 
ment  does  not  apply  to  those  necessities  of  life  which  are 
manufactured  in  cities,  it  seems.  If  this  thing  could  only 
be  made  plain  to  farmers,  I  believe  they  will  cease  to 
support  the  high  tariff  on  manufactured  products.  With 
the  farmers’  support  withdrawn  the  whole  tariff  system 
will  fall,  because  even  in  our  own  State  the  large  towns 
and  cities  are  Democratic,  or  evenly  balanced.  b. 

Vermont. 

How  can  it  be  made  plainer  to  them  than  has  al¬ 
ready  been  done?  Suppose  this  scheme  for  free 
trade  in  food  products  be  extended  so  as  to  include 
Mexico,  Brazil,  Argentina  and  Australia.  These 
countries  are  developing  rapidly  as  bread  and  meat 
and  fruit  producers.  Agriculture  is  their  leading  in¬ 
dustry,  and  their  governments  foster  it  in  every  way. 
The  result  of  such  free  trade  would  be  heavy  im¬ 
ports  of  food  and  cheaper  living  for  city  workmen. 
Those  workmen,  assured  of  free  trade  in  food,  would 
naturally  favor  a  high  tariff  on  the  things  which  they 
manufacture,  for  with  such  high  tariff  their  wages 
could  be  kept  up.  This,  we  understand,  is  the  argu¬ 
ment  which  will  be  used  in  the  large  manufacturing 
towns.  If  you  talk  to  workmen  in  the  factories  you 
will  find  that  it  is  a  popular  one.  President  Taft’s 
veto  of  every  bill  designed  to  cut  the  tariff  on  manu¬ 
factured  goods  while  protection  on  farm  products  is 
wiped  out  shows  what  is  coming,  and  the  most  re¬ 
markable  thing  about  this  scheme  is  that  its  promoters 
actually  expect  the  farmers  to  help  carry  it  through  ! 

* 

During  the  year  we  have  several  hundred  ques¬ 
tions  from  people  who  are  considering  an  investment 
in  a  “unit  system”  orchard.  Plans  for  handling  these 
orchards  vary,  but  usually  some  company  secures 
control  of  a  large  tract  of  land  and  offers  to  plant 

fruit  trees  and  care  for  them.  They  offer  to  sell  a 

“unit”  (all  the  way  from  half  an  acre  to  10  acres)  at 

a  certain  price.  You  are  to  pay  some  cash  down  and 

the  balance  in  monthly  payments.  At  the  end  of  a 
certain  period  the  theory  is  that  you  will  have  a  bear¬ 
ing  orchard  in  good  condition — the  company  having 
developed  it  for  you.  In  one  particular  case  the 
“unit”  is  25  trees — the  full  price  $250.  Such  a  proposi¬ 
tion  appeals  to  many  city  workers.  They  reason  that 
it  is  possible  to  pay  for  15  or  20  “units”  out  of  their 
annual  savings  and  then  have  a  sure  business  and  in¬ 
come  when  the  trees  come  in  bearing.  The  faith  and 
enthusiasm  of  some  of  these  investors  is  almost 
pathetic.  One  young  man  recently  told  us  he  had  in¬ 
duced  his  mother  to  put  all  her  property  into  such  an 
enterprise.  We  hope  reason  will  stop  him  at  least 
before  his  arguments  prevail  upon  his  mother-in-law. 
We  have  personal  friends  engaged  in  selling  these 
“unit”  propositions,  but  our  invariable  advice  is  “do 
not  touch  them.”  We  have  repeatedly  asked  for  in¬ 
formation  about  one  of  them  that  has  worked  out 
satisfactorily — but  without  response.  On  the  other 
hand,  we  have  records  of  many  that  have  met  with 
disappointment  or  disaster.  Of  course  each  new  pro¬ 
moter  claims  that  his  scheme  will  be  safer  than  those 
which  have  gone  before,  but  we  have  not  seen  one 


September  9, 

yet  in  which  we  would  invest.  In  parts  of  the  West 
large  commercial  orchards  already  in  bearing  are 
being  cut  up  into  small  lots  and  sold.  Such  trees 
are  10  to  15  years  old  and  were  not  planted  to  be  sold 
in  this  way.  That  is  a  very  different  thing  from  pay¬ 
ing  promoters  to  grow  the  trees  for  you.  L.  A. 
Goodman,  of  Missouri,  states  the  case  convincingly 
as  follows : 

The  only  correct  way,  I  believe,  is  to  have  an  orchard 
grown  so  that  a  man  can  see  it  just  the  same  as  any  other 
land  or  other  property.*  A  man  should  not  buy  any  piece 
of  property  without  seeing  it,  and  especially  an  orchard. 

* 

John  Lewis  Childs,  Luther  Burbank  and  the  rest  of 
the  world  will  want  to  know  more  about  that  case 
of  Wonderberry  poisoning  reported  last  week.  Here 
is  another  item : 

“WONDERBERRIES”  WERE  NIGHTSHADE. 

Leonidas,  Mich.,  August  18. — Michael  Spcalman  and 
wife  that  were  in  a  critical  condition  from  the  effects  of 
eating  what  they  supposed  were  “Wonderberries,”  are  im¬ 
proving,  and  will  undoubtedly  entirely  recover.  The  at¬ 
tending  physician  pronounced  the  berries  to  be  nightshade. 
New  kinds  of  berries  will  be  looked  upon  with  suspicion 
hereafter  in  this  community. 

Of  course  the  “Wonderberries”  were  nightshade ! 
We  proved  that  again  and  again  by  botanists.  Death 
and  sickness  have  now  apparently  stepped  in  with 
further  proof.  Our  compliments  to  Mr.  John  Lewis 
Childs.  You  can  hardly  find  a  preacher  to  practice 
his  own  preaching,  a  doctor  to  take  his  own  medicine, 
or  a  lawyer  to  take  his  own  advice.  Yet.  Mr.  Childs 
is  willing  to  eat  his  own  “guff”  in  the  shape  of 
Wonderberries!  May  joy  sweeten  the  feast! 

* 

This  is  the  last  chance  we  have  to  talk  to  Maine 
farmers  before  the  election  on  September  11.  They 
know  what  to  do  about  Prohibition,  but  they  must 
not  neglect  to  vote  “yes”  on  the  amendment  for  di¬ 
rect  primaries.  The  danger  is  well  stated  in  the  fol¬ 
lowing  letter: 

I  want  to  thank  you  for  the  little  editorial  in  this  week's 
issue  on  the  bill  about  to  come  before  the  electorate  for 
direct  primaries.  This  has  been  entirely  overshadowed  by 
the  amendment  to  the  constitution  which  the  last  legis¬ 
lature  passed,  dispensing  with  prohibition.  It  is  a  safe 
bet  that  not  one  voter  in  five  has  had  this  presented  to 
him.  and  that  he  could  not  now  and  on  election  day  will 
not  know  whether  to  vote  “yes"  or  “no"  on  this  clause. 
Won't  you  drum  on  this  some  more,  quite  a  lot  more,  and 
drum  hard?  Just  think  of  it.  The  State  Grange  at  the 
field  meetings  held  all  over  this  States  this  month  lias 
had  speakers  on  “Good  Roads,"  “Parcels  Post.”  and  "Pro¬ 
hibition,”  hut  not  a  cent  has  been  spent  to  talk  direct  pri¬ 
maries.  I  think  the  politicians  hope  to  beat  this  with 
drinking  votes  of  city  voters,  who  neither  know  nor  care, 
and  will  vote  “no”  for  fun.  with  “yes”  on  the  prohibition 
vote.  The  papers  are  not  saying  a  word  about  this,  or  at 
least  those  that  1  have  access  to.  Their  guns  are  spiked. 

A  MAINE  FARMER. 

Now  do  not  make  any  mistakes  about  this.  The 
danger  is  a  real  one.  The  direct  method  of  selecting 
candidates  gives  you  a  chance  to  be  free.  The  poli¬ 
tical  leeches  and  invested  interests  who  have  for  years 
cursed  your  State  wall  be  at  your  mercy  if  you  take 
from  them  the  power  to  select  their  candidates  in  the 
dark.  The  primary  will  drive  them  out  into  the  open 
where  you  can  play  the  hose  on  them.  Maine  is  the 
first  Eastern  State  to  have  this  glorious  chance  to 
set  her  farmers  politically  free,  and  it  must  not  be 
said  that  they  did  not  grasp  the  privilege.  Vote  YES ! 


BREVITIES. 

Who  can  give  us  definite  information  about  sowing  oats 
in  strawberries  as  a  mulching  crop? 

We  shall  keep  right  after  you  about  that  cover  crop. 
Do  not  let  the  soil  remain  bare  this  Fall  and  Winter. 

Now  is  the  time  to  arrange  for  better  house  heating  this 
Winter.  Let  us  have  canned  sunshine  inside  the  house. 

If  you'd  have  silage  sweet  and  bright,  stamp  down  the 
sides  and  corners  tight.  For  you'll  have  little  besides 
refuse  if  you  leave  such  places  open  and  loose. 

The  man  who  has  plenty  of  time  to  kill,  he  gives  the 
world  but  a  bitter  pill;  he  makes  bad  mischief  and  drinks 
his  fill  of  the  lazy  man's  mixture  that’s  doomed  to  kill. 

The  Laxtonberry  is  a  new  hybrid  English  fruit  described 
as  resembling  an  enlarged  raspberry  growing  on  the  Logan¬ 
berry.  It  is  said  to  be  much  sweeter  than  the  Loganberry, 
and  with  less  core,  very  prolific,  and  free  in  growth. 

In  the  anthracite  coal  trade  efforts  are  being  made  to 
induce  customers  to  order  their  year’s  supply  during  the 
Summer,  thus  making  “the  cellars  of  the  consumers  the 
storage  places  for  coal.”  This  would  give  steady  employ¬ 
ment  to  miners  and  a  cheaper  rate  to  consumers. 

The  rain  has  come  to  us  after  a  long  drought,  and  it  is 
wonderful  how  things  start.  During  the  Summer  plant 
food  has  been  made  available,  but  there  was  not  moisture 
enough  to  enable  the  plant  or  tree  to  utilize  it.  Now  that 
the  rains  have  come  this  plant  food  gets  busy  at  once. 

In  the  Bitter  Root  Valley  of  Montana  the  disease  known 
as  spotted  fever  is  spread  by  ticks  known  as  Dermacenter 
venustus.  These  insects  live  part  of  their  life  on  wild 
animals  sucli  as  woodchucks,  rabbits,  bears,  etc.,  and  also 
some  domestic  animals.  To  destroy  the  fever  ticks  those 
wild  animals  must  be  wiped  out,. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL-  NEW-YORKER 


006 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

Last  month  a  St.  Louis  attorney  re¬ 
ceived  a  claim  of  $71  against  the  Lewis 
American  Woman’s  League  from  a  for¬ 
mer  employe  of  the  League,  who  was 
given  a  due  bill  for  his  salary  instead 
of  cash  when  he  left  the  employment. 
The  attorney  made  a  demand  for  this 
salary,  and  in  reply,  on  August  21,  re¬ 
ceived  a  letter  containing  the  following 
interesting  admissions : 

Because  of  a  series  of  circumstances  with 
which  you  are  probably  more  or  less  famil¬ 
iar.  feeling  among  the  members  of  the 
League  has  been  very  unsettled  during  the 
last  few  months,  and,  as  a  result,  its  in¬ 
come  has  been  materially  affected. 

Since  April  11,  when  the  reorganization 
went  into  effect,  the  income  of  the  League 
has  been  brought  to  a  point  where  it  was  in 
excess  of  expenses  on  two  separate  occa¬ 
sions,  but  in  each  case  only  again  to  fall  off 
to  nothing,  becatise  of  an  increased  feeling 
of  distrust  brought  about  through  articles  in 
the  public  press. 

The  chapter  houses  revert  to  the  local 
chapters  in  the  event  of  the  League  getting 
into  trouble,  and  therefore  the  only  asset 
which  it  has  is  its  dues  from  members,  of 
which  there  are  about  seven  or  eight  hun¬ 
dred  thousand  dollars,  a  large  part  of  which 
is  now  overdue.  These  dues  cannot  he  col¬ 
lected  at  law  because  the  individual 
amounts  are  too  small,  and  because  the 
League  has  not  been  able  to  fulfill  all  of 
the  obligations  on  its  part.  On  the  other 
hand,  if  confidence  can  be  re-established, 
past  experience  proves  that  there  is  no 

trouble  in  collecting  these  dues . 

Nothing  can  be  gained  by  pressing  mat¬ 
ters  at  this  time,  whereas  any  publicity  of 
a  character  which  will  affect  the  confidence 
of  the  members  will  only  postpone  the  re¬ 
habilitation  of  the  League,  and  I  sincerely 
trust  that  all  of  the  creditors  will  be  pa¬ 
tient  and  let  matters  stand  as  they  are  until 
the  League  can  again  get  on  its  feet.  .  .  . 

John  H.  wii.i-iams.  Controller. 

This  is  Mr.  Williams’  apology  for  not 
paying  the  salary  of  League  employes. 
Note  the  admission  that  the  League  has 
no  assets  except  the  dues  of  members, 
and  that  these  dues  cannot  be  collected 
at  law  because  the  League  has  not  ful¬ 
filled  its  obligations  to  the  members. 
Also  note  the  admission  that  only  on 
two  occasions  since  April  11  did  the  in¬ 
come  of  the  League  equal  the  expenses, 
and  that  otherwise  it  fell  off  to  nothing. 
Thus  is  the  League  which  was  to  have 
$26,000,000  of  endowments  and  $3,800,- 
000  annual  income  brought  to  a  state  of 
acknowledged  bankruptcy  like  all  the 
other  Lewis  schemes.  But  the  Williams 
letter  is  especially  interesting  in  com¬ 
parison  to  the  rosy  stories  told  by 
Lewis  in  his  National  Weekly.  In  his 
appeals  to  collect  money  from  the 
women  Lewis  paints  the  League  as 
flourishing.  In  his  attempt  to  put  off 
collection  of  a  salary  by  an  employe, 
Mr.  Williams  paints  it  as  without  funds, 
and  on  its  last  legs  financially.  If  Mr. 
Williams  tells  the  truth  in  this  letter, 
and  all  available  information  verifies 
his  admissions,  he  accuses  Lewis  of 
knavery  "of  the  deepest  dye.  It  shows 
him  attempting  to  collect  money  from 
women  for  membership  in  the  League 
long  after  the  League  has  become  bank¬ 
rupt.  The  R.  N.-Y.,  the  postal  officials 
and  the  grand  jury  have  never  made  as 
strong  an  indictment  against  Lewis  as 
this  admission  of  his  own  minion. 

Other  evidences  of  Lewis’  bad  faith 
with  the  women  is  evident  on  every 
hand.  He  has  made  great  ado  because 
the  Congressional  committee  which  has 
been  investigating  his  case  requested  the 
inspectors  of  the  Postal  Department  to 
suspend  their  investigation  of  the  Lewis 
schemes.  But  since  that  time  the  com¬ 
mittee  heard  some  straight  testimony 
from  a  former  partner  of  Lewis  by  the 
name  of  Nichols  and  Inspector  Stice; 
and  the  order  was  rescinded  and  the 
Department  is  free  to  continue  its  in¬ 
vestigations.  It  is  evident  that  the  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  committee  are  beginning  to 
get  some  side  lights  on  the  Lewis 
schemes,  and  the  rescinding  of  the  or¬ 
der  is  a  virtual  admission  that  the  Pos¬ 
tal  Department  has  sufficient  reason  for 
investigating  them.  But  no  word  of 
this  has  appeared  in  the  Lewis  paper, 
and  the  women  are  left  to  believe  that 
the  original  order  stands. 

Lewis  is  always  drawing  conclusions 
favorable  to  himself  from  things  dis¬ 
similar  in  themselves.  The  receiver,  of 
course,  simply  takes  over  the  assets  of 
his  concerns.  Unfortunately  he  has  no 
power  to  help  the  holders  of  worthless 
notes  or  stock.  In  effect  he  says  so,  and 
Lewis  tries  to  turn  this  rebuke  of  his 
abuse  of  the  confidence  of  his  victims 
into  a  personal  virtue  for  himself.  Evi¬ 
dently  taking  the  assets  away  from  John 
H.  Williams  does  not  wipe  out  that  man 
Friday,  according  to  Lewis.  He  yet  has 
the  function  of  helping  Lewis  collect 
more  money  on  more  schemes.  That 
was  his  function  from  the  first,  and 
Lewis  now  virtually  admits  it  in  this 
argument.  He  was  one  of  the  links 
used  by  Lewis  in  the  chain  of  swindles. 
But  at  last  Lewis  has  done  The  R.  N.- 
Y.  and  its  publisher  one  favor.  In  his 


vilification  and  abuse  and  trickery,  he 
has  made  it  clear  to  his  victims  and  his 
dupes  that  his  fake  and  fraudulent 
schemes  cannot  stand  the  steady  light  of 
publicity,  and  he  is  publishing  to  the 
world  in  the  most  forcible  way  that 
The  R.  N.-Y.  is  the  one  agent  that  has 
unmasked  him.  Now  he  is  exhausting 
himself  in  impotent  rage.  Abuse  and 
vilification  is  the  only  favor  The  R. 
N.-Y.  can  acknowledge  or  solicit  from 
crooks. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — The  Hotel  Frontenac,  on 
Round  Island.  St.  Lawrence  River,  was  de¬ 
stroyed  by  fire  August  23.  compelling  the 
guests  to  escape  hastily.  With  its  furnish¬ 
ings  the  Frontenac  was  valued  at  close  to 
$500,000.  It  was  owned  by  the  Frontenac 
Hotel  Company,  of  which  C.  G.  Emory  of 
New  York  is  the  principal  stockholder.  The 
hotel  was  the  most  elaborate  on  the  river 
and  had  accommodations  for  000  guests. 

Fire  at  Parkersburg,  W.  Va.,  August  23, 
destroyed  the  Chancellor  Hotel,  the  finest 
in  the  State,  costing  $250,000.  Two  negroes 
were  killed  by  falling  walls  and  a  negress 
and  a  white  t>oy  were  hurt  so  they  will  die. 
The  First  National  Bank  and  several  shops 
were  also  burned.  The  guests  of  the  hotel 
all  managed  to  make  their  escape  with  most 
of  their  personal  baggage. 

The  barge  Albatross,  of  Midland.  Ontario, 
Captain  Dean,  foundered  in  Georgian  Bay 
August  21.  The  tug  C.  C.  Martin,  of  Mid¬ 
land.  Captain  Vent,  was  dragged  down  with 
the  barge.  The  tug  carried  the  captain  and 
his  wife  and  a  crew  of  eight.  Seven  per¬ 
sons  from  the  barge  saved  themselves. 

Speeding  eastward  behind  time,  Lehigh 
Valley  passenger  train  No.  4  ran  into  a 
spread  rail  on  a  trestle  near  Manchester, 

N.  Y.,  August  25.  and  two  day  coaches 
from  the  midsection  of  the  train  plunged 
downward  40  feet,  striking  the  east  em¬ 
bankment  like  a  pair  of  projectiles.  In  the 
awful  plunge  and  crash  37  persons  were 
killed  and  more  than  60  injured.  The  in¬ 
juries  of  several  are  so  serious  that  it  is 
feared  they  will  die.  The  wreck  was  the 
worst  in  the  history  of  the  Lehigh  Valley 
line  in  this  State  and  one  of  the  most  dis¬ 
astrous  ever  recorded  on  the  system.  Crowd¬ 
ed  with  passengers,  many  of  whom  were 
war  veterans  and  their  relatives  and  friends 
from  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  En¬ 
campment  at  Rochester,  train  No.  4,  made 
up  of  14  cars',  drawn  by  two  big  mogul  en¬ 
gines,  was  40  minutes  late  when  it  reached 
Rochester  Junction,  and  from  there  sped 
eastward  to  make  up  time  before  reaching 
Geneva. 

Negroes  and  whites  of  Slidell.  La.,  a  lum¬ 
ber  town  directly  across  Lake  Pontehurtrain 
from  New  Orleans,  August  25  drew  up  and 
signed  a  formal  treaty  wherein  it  is  agreed 
that  there  never  shall  be  a  race  war  in  the 
town,  but  that  all  differences  between  the 
races  shall  be  submitted  to  arbitration.  The 
gist  of  the  treaty  is  that  it  is  the  sense  of 
the  residents,  both  white  and  negro,  “that 
all  conflicts  and  acts  of  violence  between 
blacks  and  whites  are  severely  condemned, 
and  that  all  friction  arising  between  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  two  races  shall  be  submitted  to 
a  committee  for  settlement.”  Slidell  has 
3,000  residents,  about  equally  divided.  Its 
chief  industry  is  the  creosoting  of  lumber. 

The  13  wholesale  dealers  in  live  poultry 
in  New  York  who  were  recently  convicted  of 
conspiracy  to  monopolize  the  business  and 
were  sentenced  to  three  months  in  the  peni¬ 
tentiary  and  to  pay  a  fine  of  $500,  were  re¬ 
leased  on  bail  August  28.  pending  their  ap¬ 
peal.  after  Justice  Bischoff  had  signed  a 
certificate  of  reasonable  doubt.  Justice 
Bischoff  said,  in  granting  the  certificate, 
that  it  was  not  necessary  that  the  justice 
before  whom  the  application  was  made  be 
satisfied  that  the  conviction  would  be  re¬ 
versed.  It  was  enough  that  he  be  satisfied 
that  a  question  of  law  was  raised  sufficient 
for  the  consideration  of  the  Appellate  Divis¬ 
ion.  to  which  tribunal  the  case  of  the  con¬ 
victed  poultrymeu  will  go. 

Twenty-eight  persons  are  known  to  be 
dead  and  as  many  more  may  die  as  the  re¬ 
sult  of  a  panic  in  the  Morgan  Opera  House, 
Canonsburg.  Pa.,  August  26,  when  some  one 
cried  out  a  false  alarm  of  “Fire!”  after  the 
fuse  in  the  moving  picture  machine  had 
blown  out.  There  was  a  momentary  flash 
and  hiss,  but  that  was  all.  It  was  enough, 
however,  to  start  the  panic  when  some  one 
in  the  gallery  called  out,  and  there  was  a 
mad  rush  for  the  only  exit  of  the  theatre 
by  the  thousand  persons  in  the  playhouse. 
As  the  first  man  out  neared  the  foot  of  the 
stairs  he  tripped  and  fell.  Those  imme¬ 
diately  following  foil  on  top  of  him,  and 
in  a  few  moments  the  comparatively  nar¬ 
row  stairway  was  jammed  with  dead,  dying 
and  madly  fighting  men,  women  and  chil¬ 
dren.  Inside  the  theatre  the  rest  of  the 
audience  screamed  and  fought  in  their  mad 
effort  to  reach  the  exit.  Those  who  could 
not  reach  the  stairway  were  the  most  for¬ 
tunate,  for  there  was  no  vestige  of  the  fire 
after  the  flash  following  the  blowing  out  of 
the  fuse,  and  they  who  remained  inside 
were  saved. 

Widows  of  the  twenty-four  firemen  killed 
in  the  Chicago  stockyards  fire  of  December 
22,  1910,  have  won  a  victory  in  their  fight 
for  the  immediate  distribution  of  the  relief 
fund  of  $211,000  raised  for  their  benefit  and 
used  to  purchase  income  bearing  securities. 
Under  the  court’s  ruling  the  Citizens’  Relief 
Committee  has  30  days  to  convert  the  se¬ 
curities  into  cash.  Harlow  N.  Higinbotham, 
a  former  Mayor  of  Chicago,  and  philan¬ 
thropist,  treasurer  of  the  fund,  received  a 
number  of  threatening  letters  because  of 
the  relief  committee’s  action  in  investing 
the  fund,  for  the  purpose  of  furnishing  an 
annual  income  to  the  beneficiaries,  instead 
of  dividing  the  principal  at  once  among  the 
widows. 

As  the  result  of  a  storm  which  struck 
Summerville  and  Savannah  August  28.  and 
which  reached  hurricane  proportions. 
Charleston,  S.  C.,  was  virtually  isolated  for 
24  hours.  Seven  persons  are  known  to  have 
been  killed  and  property  losses,  it  is  esti¬ 
mated,  will  reach  $1,000,000.  The  wind 
velocity  increased  from  48  miles  an  hour  at 
1.25  p.  m.  to  94  miles  at  10.20  p.  in.,  when 
the  wind  gauge  was  put  out  of  adjustment. 


Much  damage  was  done  by  the  water  in  the 
low  sections  of  Charleston,  necessitating 
the  removal  of  many  persons  from  their 
homes.  The  waters  have  caused  washouts 
on  the  approaches  to  the  Union  Station,  pre¬ 
venting  the  operation  of  trains.  The  elec¬ 
tric  light  and  power  system  was  out  of  com¬ 
mission.  Masses  of  wreckage  cover  the- 
streets  and  the  business  of  the  city  was 
paralyzed. 

Trustees  and  officers  of  the  organization 
of  the  Slocum  Survivors  have  made  a  pro¬ 
test  against  the  paroling  of  Captain  William 
II.  Van  Schaick,  who  was  in  command  of 
the  General  Slocum  when  that  steamboat 
burned  with  a  loss  of  1,031  lives.  They 
severely  censured  the  recently  created  Fed¬ 
eral  Board  of  1’arole,  which  released  Cap¬ 
tain  Van  Schaick,  and  a  committee  was  ap¬ 
pointed  to  foiward  a  resolution  to  the  board, 
setting  forth  their  reasons  why  he  should 
not  be  released.  The  trustees  are  of  the 
opinion  that  no  matter  how  many  meetings 
they  may  hold  Van  Schaick  will  not  be  sent 
back  to  prison.  They  say  they  got  no  hear¬ 
ing  before  the  board  and  feel  they  have  been 
unfairly  treated. 

As  much  of  the  battleship  Maine  as  avail¬ 
able  funds  will  permit  will  be  removed  or 
prepared  for  removal  from  Havana  harbor, 
and  then  the  cofferdam  surrounding  the 
wreck  will  be  refilled  with  water  to  await 
an  additional  appropriation  by  Congress  to 
finish  the  raising  operations.  Congress  failed 
to  act  upon  the  President’s  request  for  an 
additional  $250,000.  Owing  to  lack  of 
funds,  even  funeral  services  over  the  re¬ 
covered  bodies  and  the  erection  in  Arlington 
National  Cemetery  of  the  mast  of  the  ill- 
fated  vessel  as  a  monument  must  be  post¬ 
poned.  The  bodies  and  the  mast  will  be 
sent  to  the  cemetery  to  be  stored  there  until 
Congress  acts. 

Placards  denouncing  men  engaged  in  the 
liquor  traffic  as  home  wreckers,  respon¬ 
sible  for  crime,  insanity  and  higli  taxes, 
greeted  500  delegates  to  the  annual  con¬ 
vention  of  the  State  Liquor  Dealers'  Asso¬ 
ciation  who  gathered  at  Binghamton,  N.  Y., 
August  30. 

Reeking  safety  from  the  forest  fires,  the 
inhabitants  of  the  villages  of  Klliston  and 
Joebatts,  Newfoundland,  took  to  boats  Au¬ 
gust  29  and  put  out  to  sea.  The  towns  of 
Catalina  and  Bonavista,  on  Trinity  Bay, 
are  also  threatened.  All  bridges  are  burned 
and  tile  forest- fringed  highways  were  ablaze 
for  miles,  suspending  all  traffic  in  the  fire 
zone.  Telegraphic  communication  was 
everywhere  interrupted.  The  denizens  of 
the  forest,  with  domestic  animals,  were 
rushing  madly  toward  the  sea,  as  escape 
iu  any  other  direction  was  cut  off.  Hun¬ 
dreds  of  men  from  the  adjacent  settlements 
hurried  to  the  rescue  in  boats.  The  tim¬ 
ber  areas  destroyed  are  very  extensive.  The 
total  loss  will  probably  exceed  $4,000,000. 

Four  persons  are  dead  and  another  Is 
perhaps  fatally  injured  as  a  result  of  the 
storm  sweeping  over  the  vicinity  of  Brad¬ 
ford,  Pa..  August  29.  George  llinman,  a 
rural  mail  carrier  from  Great  Valley,  N.  Y., 
went  down  with  his  rig  when  a  bridge  was 
washed  away.  John  Bryan,  a  fireman  on 
the  Buffalo.  Rochester  and  Pittsburg  Rail¬ 
road,  was  killed  under  his  locomotive  when 
it  went  through  a  weakened  trestle  near 
Kilbuck,  N.  Y.  Raymond  Smith,  aged  seven, 
was  drowned  in  Tuna  Creek.  East  Bradford. 
At  Great  Valley  and  Kllicottville.  on  the 
line  of  the  Buffalo,  Rochester  and  Pittsburg 
Railroad,  there  are  many  washouts  and 
water  was  pouring  through  houses  at  some 
places. 

FARM  AND  GARDEN. — Arrangements 
for  the  financing  of  the  cotton  crop  were 
perfected  at  Washington  August  26  in  a 
conference  between  representatives  of  the 
farmers’  union  and  financial  interests  of 
Now  York  and  Liverpool.  Emmett  Ca- 
baniss,  former  State  president  of  the  union, 
and  A.  C.  Davis  of  Arkansas,  national  sec¬ 
retary  and  treasurer,  returned  to  Atlanta 
with  news  of  arrangements.  “We  have  ar¬ 
ranged  with  certain  financial  interests  to. 
take  care  of  distressed  cotton  through  the 
advancement  of  $60,000,000,  which  will  be 
loaned  to  the  farmers  through  Southern 
banks.”  said  Mr.  Cabaniss.  “The  money 
will  be  loaned  at  six  per  cent,  interest  and 
the  loans  will  be  secured  by  warehouse  cer¬ 
tificates.  ’Phis  arrangement  will  enable  the 
Southern  farmers  to  market  their  cotton 
intelligently  and  we  are  confident  that  the 
crop  will  bring  in  at  least  13  cents  a 
pound.  I  do  not  believe  that  the  South’s 
cotton  crop  this  year  will  exceed  13, 500. 000 
bales.  Government  reports  to  the  contrary 
notwithstanding,”  continued  Mr.  Cabaniss. 
“Our  advices  from  all  sections  of  the 
South  indicate  that  the  Government  esti¬ 
mate  is  too  high.  There  will  be  a  quantity 
of  distress  cotton  this  year,  as  in  the  past. 
It  is  this  that  the  Farmers’  Union  is  inter¬ 
ested  in.  The  financial  arrangements  we 
have  completed  will  enable  the  Southern 
banks  to  advance  money  enough  to  keep 
this  cotton  off  the  market  until  the  price  is 
satisfactory  to  the  farmers.” 

Thomas  W.  Lawson  of  Boston  is  nego¬ 
tiating  for  the  purchase  of  80,000  acres  of 
ranch  land  45  miles  northeast  of  Greeley, 
Col.  Mr.  Lawson  intends  to  develop  the 
ranch  to  the  breeding  and  raising  of  fancy 
cattle  and  horses  for  exhibition  and  racing. 

Frosts  have  struck  Northern  Manitoba 
and  Saskatchewan  and  have  done  great 
damage  to  the  wheat  crop,  especially  around 
Regina.  Cutting  is  so  backward  that  a 
large  percentage  of  the  grain  in  Alberta 
must  have  suffered  also.  All  vines  and  po¬ 
tatoes  were  cut  down  by  the  frosts  August 
27  at  Gilbert  Plains.  There  were  six  de¬ 
grees  of  frost.  Very  little  wheat  has  been 
cut  in  that  section.  At  Grenfell,  Sask., 
August  27,  the  mercury  fell  to  26.  It  is  Im¬ 
possible  to  estimate  the  crop  damage,  but  it 
will  be  heavy.  There  was  frost  August  28 
in  Northern  Nebraska  and  Ice  formed  on 
still  water  at  Creighton.  Sioux  City  re¬ 
ported  43  degrees.  At  Dresden,  Kan.,  the 
thermometer  stood  at  45  at  dawn ;  at 
Hays,  48 ;  at  Maryville,  Mo.,  53.  In  many 
places  tomatoes  and  other  tender  plants 
were  killed. 

Agents  of  the  Canadian  Western  Farm¬ 
ers’  Alliance  4ire  scouring  Connecticut  and 
Rhode  Island  for  recruits  to  go  to  Mani¬ 
toba  for  the  harvest.  Transportation,  board 
and  high  wages  are  offered.  In  all  the  mill 
towns  where  business  is  slack,  idle  mill 
hands  are  offering  their  services.  Large 
squads  of  recruits  will  be  sent  West  from 
Providence  and  Worcester. 


DIARY  OF  FARM  WORK. 

Odds  and  Ends  on  a  New  York  Farm. 

August  21. — This  was  a  busy  day  at  the 
Cook  homestead.  Aside  from  the  regular 
farm  work,  as  is  usually  the  case,  there 
seemed  to  be  more  or  less  choring  or  odd 
jobs  that  require  attention  about  so  often. 
First  the  hand  occupying  the  tenant  house 
continued  the  work  of  preparing  for  wheat 
a  field  where  barley  was  harvested,  using  a 
Clark  double  action  Cutaway  harrow  (a 
great  tool  that),  with  four  horses  attached, 
making  the  fourth  time  over  after  first 
rolling  and  dragging.  I  was  reminded  by 
the  hand,  Will,  that  we  were  doing  much 
needless  work,  as  “where  his  folks  lived 
they  raised  just  as  good  crops  witli  half 
the  work.”  I  merely  repin'd  that  they 
were  fortunate  in  having  such  choice  land, 
and  that  perhaps  we  were  equally  for¬ 
tunate  in  doing  so  well  with  so  much  ex¬ 
tra  labor ;  though  he  need  go  but  a  short 
distance  from  where  he  was  now  working  to 
notice  the  contrast  in  crop  conditions  where 
thorough  and  indifferent  work  had  been 
practiced. 

.Toe,  the  other  month  hand,  drew  two 
loads  of  stove  wood,  already  prepared, 
cultivated  a  strip  of  ground  in  the  garden 
where  a  strawberry  bed  had  been  plowed 
up  some  time  ago,  and  spent  the  remainder 
of  the  day  ditching  for  tile  drainage. 
Matheas,  the  Filipino,  (a  young  man  who  is 
acquiring  a  college  education  with  the  in¬ 
tention  of  returning  to  his  native  land  as 
an  educator  among  his  home  people,  and 
now  spending  his  second  vacation  with  us), 
also  helped  in  the  ditch,  beside  assisting 
around  the  house,  filling  the  refrigerator 
with  ice,  pumping  water  into  the  reser¬ 
voir,  etc. 

My  son,  the  junior  member  of  the  firm, 
arranged  the  straw  stack  shed  (an  arrange¬ 
ment  fully  appreciated  by  stock  during 
severe  Winter  weather)  in  the  barnyard 
preparing  for  thrashing  in  a  day  or  two ; 
removed  from  the  field  designed  for  wheat 
two  or  three  loads  of  stone,  and  other  fast 
stone  that  hnd  obstructed  the  plow :  went 
to  a  neighboring  farm  with  his  two  chil¬ 
dren.  David  and  Dorothy,  to  pick  elder¬ 
berries  and  have  a  little  fun  as  well,  I 
imagined,  concluding  his  share  of  the  day’s 
duties  by  mowing  a  patch  of  Hungarian 
grass,  though  before  his  ^upper  he  took 
about  200  pounds  of  salt  and  fed  it  to  a 
patch  of  wild  morning  glory  in  our  mea¬ 
dow,  which  we  had  attempted  to  kill  with 
various  methods,  but  always  with  tin'  same 
result — failure.  We  hope  this  will  settle 
the  question.  Regarding  the  matter  of  nox¬ 
ious  weeds,  what  are  we  farmers  here  in 
western  New  York  going  to  do  to  ('radi¬ 
cate  the  wild  carrot  that  is  increasing  so 
alarmingly  fast  in  so  many  localities? 

The  writer  lent  a  helping  hand  wherever 
and  whenever  opportunity  presented.  Of 
course  he  cared  for  the  chickens,  pigs,  etc., 
finishing  up  the  day  by  confining  for  a 
season  12  setting  hens-  a  simple  tiling  to 
mention,  perhaps;  nevertheless,  it  really  is 
an  important  matter  too  often  neglected. 
While  not  of  the  same  date,  it  was  only 
the  day  before  that  Mrs.  Cook  and  self  had 
the  pleasure  of  seeing  Atwood  and  his  flying 
machine,  on  his  way  to  New  York,  pass 
apparently  200  or  300  feet  above  us.  while 
seated  in  our  carriage  in  a  favorable  loca¬ 
tion  in  our  Alfalfa  field  a  wonderful  sight, 
not  soon  to  be  forgotten. 

Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y.  iuving  d.  cook. 

A  Vermont  Hen  and  Vegetable  Farm. 

August  22  was  retail  market  day  on  our 
vegetable  and  poultry  farm.  The  alarm 
clock  gets  me  out  of  bed  at  4  a.  m.  I  feed 
the  horses,  milk  and  feed  rour  cows  which 
are  kept  partly  to  furnish  skim-milk  for  the 
poultry ;  feed  a  young  calf  and  a  pig.  sepa¬ 
rate  the  milk  and  put  the  cream  into  the 
cooler;  feed  about  650  hens  and  chickens, 
and  am  ready  for  breakfast,  which,  being 
a  very  light  meal  with  me,  is  soon  disposed 
of.  Then  the  cows  are  turned  out  to  pas¬ 
ture,  the  market  wagon  Is  loaded  with  po¬ 
tatoes,  cream,  eggs,  vegetables,  etc.,  and  at 
seven  o’clock  I  am  in  the  village,  two  miles 
from  home,  ready  to  commence  the  day’s 
sales.  Business  is  very  dull  now,  owing  to  a 
recent  strike  of  the  Granite  Cutters’  Union, 
but  by  hustling  have  my  load  practically 
cleaned  out  just  as  the  whistles  are  blowing 
for  noon.  But  on  a  load  of  feed  and  reach 
home  about  12.30.  After  dinner  make  rec¬ 
ord  of  day’s  sales  ;  then  dig  potatoes  for 
next  market  day.  Well  cared  for  early  po¬ 
tatoes  yield  fairly  well  in  spite  of  the  ter¬ 
rible  drought.  I  look  over  the  Spring  set 
strawberries  in  search  of  white  grubs,  and 
then  work  a  while  sharpening  posts  for  1: 
fence  which  will  enable  me  to  turn  the 
cows  onto  a  field  which  is  soon  to  become 
part  of  a  lake  which  the  village  is  putting 
in  to  furnish  power  for  their  electric  plant. 
This  lake  will  cover  from  200  to  250  acres 
and  will  take  parts  of  11  farms  in  this 
vicinity.  Work  on  the  cement  dam  which 
will  cost  around  $20,000  has  just  begun. 
About  4.30  the  regular  round  of  chores  be¬ 
gins  again.  While  I  eat  supper  I  read  the 
daily  paper  which  was  printed  in  Boston 
this  morning  and  comes  to  us  on  the  stage 
which  delivers  our  mail  twice  daily.  After 
supper  I  go  through  the  houses  and  cull 
out  hens  for  market.  Then  the  houses  and 
stables  are  locked  and  at  eight  o’clock,  16 
hours  from  the  time  I  started,  I  bring  to  a 
close  the  day’s  work  of  one  “independent 
farmer.”  s.  s.  chandler. 

Vermont. 


Potatoes  are  a  practical  failure  in  large 
parts  of  Cambria,  Somerset  and  Indiana 
Counties,  Pennsylvania.  Many  fields  have 
been  abandoned  as  not  worth  digging. 

Drought  is  assuming  alarming  propor¬ 
tions  here ;  all  vegetation  suffering.  Late 
potatoes  in  bad  condition,  pastures  burned 
out.  Trees  of  late  fruits  are  losing  all 
the  fruit  by  premature  wilting.  We  have 
Kieffer  pear  trees  35  years  old  that  are 
shedding  their  foliage  and  fruit  drying  up. 
There  are  hundreds  of  acres  of  corn  that 
will  be  cut  for  fodder ;  no  grain  worth  nam¬ 
ing  on  it.  Breaking  ground  for  wheat  is 
out  of  the  question  ;  1901  was  a  year  long 
to  be  remembered,  but  this  one  promises 
to  outdo  it.  Drought  of  1901  was  broken 
here  on  October  27  by  a  very  heavy  gen¬ 
eral  rain  over  the  entire  West.  Should 
this  one  continue  as  long  the  loss  in  all 
lines  will  be  almost  irreparable.  J.  H.  H. 

Carroll  Co.,  Ind. 


806 

Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

FLAG  SONG. 

Out  upon  the  four  winds  blow, 

Tell  the  world  your  story  ; 

Thrice  in  heart's  blood  dipped  before, 
They  called  your  name  Old  Glory  ! 

Stream,  Old  Glory,  bear  your  stars 
High  among  the  seven  : 

Stream  a  watchfire  on  the  dark, 

And  make  a  sign  in  heaven  ! 

Mighty  harvests  gild  your  plains, 

Mighty  rivers  bear  them, 

Everywhere  you  fly  you  bid 
All  the  hungry  share  them ; 

Blooms  the  wilderness  for  you, 

Plenty  follows  after. 

Underneath  your  shadow  go 
Peace  and  love  and  laughter. 

When  from  sky  to  sky  you  float, 

Far  in  wide  savannas. 

Vast  horizons  lost  in  light 
Answer  with  hosannas. 

Symbol  of  unmeasured  power, 

Blessed  promise  sealing. 

All  your  hills  are  hills  of  God, 

And  all  your  founts  are  healing ! 

Still  to  those  the  wronged  of  earth 
Sanctuary  render; 

For  hope  and  home  and  heaven  they  see 
Within  your  sacred  splendor ! 

Stream,  Old  Glory,  bear  your  stars 
High  among  the  seven  ; 

Stream  a  watchfire  on  the  dark, 

And  make  a  sign  in  heaven  ! 

— Harriet  Prescott  Spolford. 

* 

Chop  sweet  green  pepper  fine  and 
mix  it  into  cream  cheese  with  the  ad¬ 
dition  of  a  little  fresh  cream  if  the 
cheese  is  too  crumbly  to  mix  well.  Then 
roll  into  balls,  and  serve  garnished  with 
sliced  pepper.  This  is  an  appetizing 
relish,  and  attractive  on  the  table.  Balls 
of  cream  cheese  also  look  very  attrac¬ 
tive  sprinkled  with  chopped  parsley. 

* 

The  “Woman’s  Journal”  says  that 
after  trying  nearly  100  varieties  of 
farmhouse  food,  while  inspecting  Sum¬ 
mer  boarding  houses  for  working  girls, 
Miss  Ada  L.  Dauman  has  officially  re¬ 
ported  to  the  National  Civic  Federation 
that  farmers’  wives  are  the  best  cooks 
in  the  world,  and  decidedly  better 
housekeepers,  in  every  way,  than  city 
women.  Miss  Dauman  visited  the  farm 
regions  of  New  Jersey,  Connecticut, 
New  York  and  the  New  England  States. 

* 

The  present  Summer  is  memorable 
for  mosquitoes  as  well  as  heat,  in  many 
parts  of  this  country.  After  all  the 
efforts  at  scientific  extermination,  and 
the  money  spent  in  efficient  drainage, 
the  famous  Jersey  mosquito  has  re¬ 
mained  triumphant,  and  the  demand  for 
canopies  and  citronella  has  been  larger 
than  ever.  A  recipe  given  by  Govern¬ 
ment  experts  for  keeping  the  mosquito 
at  bay  is  as  follows:  Mix  together  one 
ounce  of  oil  of  citronella,  one  ounce  of 
spirits  of  camphor,  and  half  an  ounce  of 
.  oil  of  cedar.  Put  a  few  drops  of  this 
mixture  on  a  towel  and  hang  it  over 
the  head  of  the  bed.  Under  ordinary 
circumstances  this  is  said  to  keep  the 
mosquitoes  away,  but  if  they  are  very 
abundant  a  few  drops  may  be  rubbed 
on  the  face  and  hands. 

* 

Sampler  trays  are  modern  fancies, 
and  one  who  has  an  old  sampler  can 
make  one  at  small  expense;  they  are 
quite  expensive  to  buy.  The  fabric  is 
simply  framed  under  glass,  with  a 
mahogany  frame,  being  stretched  tight 
so  it  will  not  wrinkle.  It  should  be 
padded  at  the  back  so  that  the  glass 
will  fit  very  tight  against  the  frame, 
and  backed  with  dark  felt,  small  gilt 
handles  being  put  at  the  ends.  For  a 
sampler  a  small  moulding  should  be 
used.  Handsome  cretonne  or  chintz, 
or  embroidery,  is  used  in  the  same  way ; 
these  trays  are  handsome,  and  much 
more  easily  kept  in  order  than  a  metal 
one.  A  piece  of  Biedermeier  embroid¬ 
ery  worked  in  colors  on  white  linen  is 
very  suitable  for  this  sort  of  framing, 
and  the  owner  can  thus  display  the 
delicate  work  without  the  risk  of  quickly 
soiling  it. 


THE  RURAL 

Few  popular  movements  among  young 
people  have  taken  hold  more  rapidly 
than  the  Boy  Scouts.  It  brings  into 
play  the  boy’s  imagination,  love  of  ad¬ 
venture  and  natural  liking  for  all  out¬ 
doors,  but  with  it  a  respect  for  discip¬ 
line  and  the  rights  of  others,  and  a 
pride  in  the  development  of  character. 
We  have  seen  too  much,  of  late  years, 
of  juvenile  lawlessness  and  contempt 
for  all  authority,  and  may  easily  trace 
the  development  of  the  mob  spirit, 
which  at  times  inflicts  lasting  disgrace 
upon  a  whole  community,  to  this  source. 
So  we  welcome  any  influence  which 
will  lead  boys  towards  better  things, 
and  use  natural  boy  instincts  to  form  the 
foundations  of  brave  and  honorable 
manhood.  As  we  look  at  the  “Boy 
Scouts  Manual  ’  we  feel  really  sorry  for 
boys  who  “play  Injun”  or  go  camping  or 
fishing  without  knowing  how  the  Scouts 
do  it.  How  delightful  to  know  some¬ 
thing  about  the  stars,  the  signs  and  pic¬ 
ture  writing  of  the  Indians,  the  building 
of  tents,  camp  beds  and  campfires !  All 
these  are  part  of  the  wisdom  of  the 
Scouts.  How  many  boys  could  collect 
the  wood,  build  a  campfire  (not  a  hap¬ 
hazard  bonfire),  kindle  it  with  a  limit 
of  two  matches,  and  then  broil  their 
official  ration  of  four  ounces  of  beef 
placed  on  pointed  sticks,  all  with  the 
minimum  of  effort,  and  the  maximum 
of  neatness  and  despatch,  as  the  Scouts 
are  taught  to  do  it  ?  Some  good  people 
of  anti-military  views  fear  lest  the 
teaching  of  the  Scouts  should  be  too 
warlike.  We  soon  learn,  however,  that 
while  such  military  virtues  as  punctu¬ 
ality  and  obedience  are  insisted  upon, 
there  is  nothing  that  the  most  ardent 
peace  advocate  could  object  to  as  savor¬ 
ing  of  militarism.  We  think  any  healthy 
boy  can  learn  nothing  but  good  from 
the  Scout’s  Manual,  whether  he  has  an 

opportunity  to  join  the  organization  or 
not. 

Charity  Sweetheart’s  Letter. 

The  boys  have  been  away  camping 
during  the  latter  part  of  August,  and 
brother  went  with  them.  It  is  curious 
what  a  difference  it  makes  in  a  house 
when  the  men  folk  are  away,  and  we 
had  a  chance  to  let  t’  kitchen  cool  off 
during  the  hot  days,  for  Minty  and 
Theo  were  content  with  cold  dishes,  and 
we  prepared  in  the  morning  for  all  day. 
Boiled  rice,  curds  and  whey,  ice  cream 
and  such-like  desserts  formed  our 
staple,  with  canned  fruit  when  we  could 
not  get  fresh.  But  the  early  plums 
were  ripe,  and  we  used  them  stewed  and 
cold,  and  it  was  just  the  time  for  melons 
and  tomatoes.  With  such  a  bill  of  fare 
it  vvas  no  great  sacrifice  when  I  said 
placidly  that  I  did  think  I  could  be¬ 
come  a  vegetarian.  With  green  corn 
and  cauliflower,  Summer  squash  and 
dry  Irish  potatoes  there  is  no  reason 
why  one  should  not  be  satisfied  without 
heavy  courses  of  meat. 

I  have  been  busy  with  my  herbs,  and 
some  of  them  were  out  of  flower  be-  1 
fore  I  got  them  gathered,  but  I  find  it 
profitable  to  grow  plenty  of  sage,  Sum¬ 
mer  savory  and  thyme  and  a'  little  of 
other  varieties  that  are  asked  for.  The 
idea  came  to  me  one  day  in  September 
when  the  city  people  were  packing  up 
to  go  home,  as  I  have  noticed  that  they 
try  to  take  with  them  supplies  of  things 
they  can  get  cheaper  and  more  of  them 
in  the  country,  for  that  seems  to  be 
the  prevailing  idea.  I  like  the  smell  of 
sage,  and  the  flowers  were  so  pretty  and 
spicy  that  I  sent  some  of  them  to  the 
old  folks’  home  flower  mission  with 
some  southernwood  and  red  peonies, 
thinking  the  old  ladies  would  admire 
them.  But  I  was  not  prepared  for  the 
matron’s  report  when  she  said  that  some 
of  the  old  ladies  just  broke  down  and 
cried  at  the  sight  of  the  “red  piny” 
flowers,  and  the  smell  of  the  sage.  I 
was  sorry,  because  if  I  am  ever  in  a 
home  of  that  sort  when  I  get  past  work, 
it  would  hurt  me  to  see  the  dear 
familiar  reminders  of  happier  years, 
though  people  differ  in  that  respect,  and 
it  might  be  a  pleasure  to  those  of  a 
different  temperament.  I  sat  under  the 
trees  at  a  table  and  tied  up  the  sage  in 
bunches  that  varied  from  10  to  20  cents’ 
worth,  alb  the  time  thinking  what  a  use¬ 
ful  plant  it  is.  The  name  itself  is  from 
“salvo” — “I  save,”  alluding  to  the  valu- 


NEW- YORKER 

able  medical  properties  it  possesses,  be¬ 
ing  classed  as  a  tonic  and  expectorant. 
It  looks  handsome  when  growing,  hav¬ 
ing  such  a  pretty  leaf,  so  wrinkly  and 
of  a  peculiar  green,  and  is  a  household 
healing  for  many  ailments.  Who  would 
imagine  that  it  is  first  cousin  to  the 
gorgeous  Mexican  Salvias,  that  are  so 
radiant  in  vivid  scarlet  through  the  late 
Summer?  I  remember  as  a  child  when 
brother  and  I  once  totally  failed  to 
know  our  Sunday  Bible  lesson,  mother 
made  us  drink  some  sage  tea,  as  she 
said  it  was  recommended  by  herb  doc¬ 
tors  for  strengthening  the  memory,  but 
it  was  not  very  palatable  minus  sugar. 
Savory  and  thyme  are  much  in  demand 
as  seasoning  for  fowls,  and  some  of  the 
purchasers  prefer  that  it  be  stripped 
from  the  stalks,  thoroughly  dried,  and 
put  up  into  little  packages  ready  for 
use.  Ihere  is  a  special  charm  about 
the  “bee  alluring  thyme” — called  from 
the  Latin  thymus,  incense,  as  it  was 
once  used  on  the  altars  for  sacrifice.  It 
has  the  credit  of  being  a  strengthener 
of  the  lungs,  and  valuable  in  cases  of 
melancholy,  though  nowadays  little  at¬ 
tention  is  paid  to  these  homely  virtues 
of  the  herbs.  One  lady  espied  my 
shrub  of  rue,  and  wanted  some  as  a 
tonic,  so  I  gave  her  a  few  sprigs  with 
which  to  experiment,  and  she  informed 
me  afterwards  that  in  the  matter  of  bit¬ 
terness  the  remedy  was  worse  tf\an  the 
disease. 

We  spent  some  afternoons  paring  and 
coring  the  early  apples,  and  put  them 
to  dry  in  the  spent  hotbed.  With  fre¬ 
quent  turning  they  came  out  a  good 
color  and  very  dry,  but  this  is  only 
practicable  in  hot  dry  seasons,  when  no 
dampness  is  about.  It  always  seems  a 
pity  to  see  apples  go  to  waste,  and  I 
said  to  Minty  that  I  thought  it  was  as 
profitable_  employment  as  we  could  have 
to  save  a  few  of  them  for  use  next 
Spring.  We  gave  the  pigs  so  many  that 
one  day  they  all  grovelled  and  rubbed 
their  mouths  in  the  mud,  and  one  of 
the  iieighbors  who  had  considerable  ex¬ 
perience  came  over  and  looked  at  them, 
and  he  told  us  they  had  eaten  so  many 
apples  their  teeth  were  sore.  So  even 
a  pig  can  get  too  much  and  have  to  suf¬ 
fer  for  greediness,  but  they  were  ready 
for  more  apples  in  a  few  days,  and  are 
useful  to  eat  up  all  that  are  wormy  or 
bruised.  charity  sweetheart. 


September  y, 


Royal  Leather  Rocker 

Full 
Spring 
Seat  and 
Back — 

Covered  in  Best 
Royal  Leather 

Look  at  the 

"t— ~ picture;  doesn’t 

th  isltocker look 
UBESBTlnviting  with 
its  high,  broad, 
shapely  back 
and  deep  roomy- 
spring  seat!  It's 
made  to  last  for¬ 
ever,  and  Its 
wide  arms,  sup¬ 
ported  by  six 
neatly  turned 
smooth  spin¬ 
dles.  and  mass¬ 
ive  frontcarved 
posts,  give  it 
the  exclustve- 
—  ness  and  stylo 
—  that  cannot  be  had  In  any  other  rocker, 
rrame  thoroughly  seasoned  oak,  high  golden  and  gloss 
finish.  Best  quality  Bla -k  Koyal  Leather;  workmanship 
first-class.  Price  but  $3.85  makes  It  the  biggest  bargain 
ever  oil'ered.  We  can  alford  such  values 


BIO 

CATALOG 

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Ill  Broadway,  New  York  < 


Hffliu  a  ”,  kills  Prairie  Hogs, 

Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
and  Grain  Insects. 
'‘The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

Swith  “Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  are  doing. 

EDWARD  R.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. 


FUMA 


You  ^jaSBia 
Who  CeMgf* 

Hungry 
Between  Meals 

Don’t  deny  yourself  food  till  meal 
time. 

When  that  mid  morning  hunger  ap¬ 
proaches,  satisfy  it  with  Uneeda  Biscuit. 
These  biscuit  are  little  nuggets  of  nutrition. 
Each  crisp  soda  cracker  contains  energy 
for  thirty  minutes  more  work. 

Many  business  men  eat  them  at  ten 
in  the  morning.  So  do  school 
children  at  recess. 

They’re  more  nutritive  than 
bread.  You  can  eat  them 
dry  —  or  with  milk. 

Uneeda  Biscuit  are 
always  crisp  and 
delightful. 


Never  Sold 
in  Bulk 


In  the  moisture-proof 
package 

NATIONAL  BISCUIT  COMPANY 

. •V.v.vW.V 


ID  LI. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


807 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  patterns  and  measurements 
desired. 

The  first  group  shows  6960,  shirt 
waist,  34  to  42  bust  measure.  2$4  yards 
of  material  21  inches  wide,  yard  36 
or  44  inches  wide  for  the  side  and 
pointed  portions,  1 %  yard  18  inches 
wide  for  the  center  portions,  Y%  yard 
18  for  the  yoke  and  under  sleeves,  and 
3A  yard  20  inches  for  the  trimming 
bands,  for  medium  size.  6948,  tucked 
blouse  for  misses  and  small  women,  14, 
16  and  18  years.  2*4  yards  of  material 
27  inches  wide,  1  l/2  yard  36.  1%  yard  44 


for  l  louse,  H  yard  27  for  trimming,  1  % 
yard  36  inches  wide  with  Y\  yard  of 
all-over  lace  for  guimpe,  for  16  year 
size.  6882,  house  gown  for  misses  and 
small  women,  14,  16  and  18  years.  5-54 
yards  of  material  27  inches  wide,  4'4 
yards  36,  3}4  3'ards  of  material  44 
inches  wide,  y2  yard  of  silk  for  bands, 
for  16  year  size.  6836,  plaited  tunic 
skirt,  22  to  30  waist.  9j4  yards  of  ma¬ 
terial  24  or  27  inches  wide,  7j4  yards 
36,  SY  yards  44,  with  1^  yards  36 
inches  wide  for  foundation,  2  yards  27 
for  bands,  width  of  skirt  at  lower  edge 
4  yards,  2  yards  when  plaited,  for  me¬ 
dium  size.  6950,  girl’s  princess  dress, 
to  be  slipped  over  the  head,  4,  6  and  8 


years.  2 J4  yards  of  material  27  inches 
wide,  2  yards  36  or  44,  for  6  year  size. 
Price  of  each  10  cents. 


The  second  group  pictures  6941,  cor¬ 
set  cover  with  straight  upper  edge,  34 
to  44  bust.  7011,  combination  corset 
cover  and  five-gored  petticoat,  34  to  42 
bust.  7105,  fancy  yoke  night-gown, 
small  34  or  36,  medium  38  or  40,  large 
42  or  44.  7103,  child's  coat.6  months, 

1,  2  and  4  years.  7120,  two-piece  corset 
cover  for  misses  and  small  women,  14, 
16  and  18  years.  Price  of  each  pattern 
10  cents. 


The  opportunity  of  making  happy  is 
more  scarce  than  we  imagine;  the  pun¬ 
ishment  of  missing  it  is,  never  to  meet 
with  it  again ;  and  the  use  we  make  of 
it  leaves  us  an  eternal  sentiment  of  sa¬ 
tisfaction  or  repentance. — Rousseau. 


Some  Homemade  Troches. 

Some  lime  ago  The  R.  N.-Y.  gave  direc¬ 
tions  for  making  several  sorts  of  cough 
candies.  As  one  member  of  our  family 
feels  that  she  must  always  have  a  package 
of  slippery  elm  lozenges  by  her,  I  bought 
an  ounce  of  powdered  slippery  elm,  and 
tried  making  some  cough  drops.  I 
wished  to  make  them  less  sweet  than 
the  recipe  would  give,  so  followed  some 
plan  of  my  own,  as  the  writer  suggested 
one  might  do.  Whatever  else  1  used 
my  mixture  included  the  lemon  juice 
which  the  recipe  said  some  palates 
might  like.  The  flavor  was  not  accept¬ 
able  to  us,  and  my  candies  remained 
gummy  from  being  rolled  in  pulverized 
sugar.  So  they  were  thrown  away,  and 
we  continued  to  try  the  ready-made 
lozenges. 

This  year,  when  the  cough  season 
came  again  upon  us,  I  remembered  the 
recipe  for  balsam  candy,  and  got,  for  a 
few  cents,  some  oil  of  tar  at  the  druggists. 
There  was  still  plenty  of  the  powdered 
slippery  elm,  so  I  beat  the  white  of  a 
small  egg  light  and  whipped  six  drops 
of  oil  of  tar  evenly  through  it.  “Albumen 
is  healing  and  I  shall  get  the  tar  dis¬ 
tributed  all  through  my  candy  in  this 
way,”  was  my  thought.  Two  even  table¬ 
spoonfuls  of  confectioner's,  sugar  were 
then  beaten  in,  and  finally  as  much  of 
the  powdered  slippery  elm  as  it  would 
carry.  To  be  explicit,  I  put  in  so  much 
that  a  crumbly  mixture  resulted,  and 
going  to  the  medicine  cupboard  for  help, 
I  found  only  the  paregoric  bottle  offer¬ 
ing  suitable  material  for  thinning  my 
paste  so  that  it  could  be  emptied  upon  a 
sugared  board  and  patted  and  shaped 
into  small  lozenges.  The  article  referred 
to  remarks  that  “the  important  point  in 
all  cough  candies  is  to  have  them  hard 
enough  to  dissolve  slowly  when  held  in 
the  mouth.”  This  all  can  appreciate, 


and  judged  by  its  standard  my  “drops” 
are  perfection,  being  as  tenacious  in  sub¬ 
stance  as  an  old-fashioned  gumdrop. 
They  are  not  disagreeable  in  taste,  and 
they  “take  hold”  of  an  inflamed  mucous 
membrane  in  a  most  satisfactory  way. 
Not  being  very  sweet,  they  are  not  dis¬ 
turbing  to  a  weak  digestion,  but  rather 
soothing  to  the  stomach,  though  if  too 
much  of  the  tar  be  used  they  might 
nauseate. 

Tncouraged  by  my  success  and  find¬ 
ing  this  form  of  troche  very  little  work, 
I  intend  elaborating  them  somewhat 
when  next  I  prepare  any.  I  will  get 
some  oil  of  anise  for  flavoring  and  add, 
also,  a  little  cubeb,  either  as  oil  or  in 
the  pulverized  form,  and  leave  out  the 
paregoric,  as  containing  drugs  dangerous 
if  used  too  freely.  It  might  be  well  to 
have  some  powdered  licorice  root  with 
which  to  sprinkle  the  board  on  which 
the  mixture  is  rolled  out.  Perhaps  with 
practice  I  shall  learn  to  make  a  dough 
that  will  roll  thin  and  which  can  be  cut 
into  lozenges  with  a  thimble. 

Very  old  people  are  apt  to  be  troubled 
with  a  constant  craving  for  “something 
to  hold  in  the  mouth,”  and  I  intend  mak¬ 
ing  some  of  these  troches  flavored 
pleasantly  with  anise  and  without  the 
oil  of  tar.  It  is  usually  a  puzzle  what  to 
carry  to  the  dear  old  "grandmas”  we 
make  a  point  of  paying  frequent  calls  to. 
and  perhaps  I  shall  hit  upon  just  the 
trifling  but  inexpensive  gift  that  will 
please  some  patient  soul  and  give  her 
comforting  assurance  of  my  thought  for 
her.  PATTIE  LYMAN. 


Destroying  Flies. 

I  was  interested  in  the  request  for 
help  to  rid  her  house  of  flies  by  Mrs. 
G.  S.,  on  page  824.  I  live  on  a  small 
farm  and  have  driven  flies  and  used 
sticky  fly  paper  for  years,  only  to  have 


them,  apparently,  as  thick  as  ever  in  a 
few  hours.  Reading  an  article  in  the 
Youth’s  Companion  for  April  6,  1911,  I 
decided  to  try  these  traps.  We  have  no 
"garbage  heaps”  or  open  cesspools,  have 
the  house  well  screened,  but  no  dark 
rooms,  a  large  family  and  doors  flying 
all  the  time.  We  have  kept  a  bucket 
in  the  “back  room”  in  which  are  placed 
scraps  from  the  kitchen  for  the  poultry. 
This  bucket  was  placed  out  of  doors  be¬ 
side  the  steps  in  a  sunny  location  with 
a  few  scraps,  a  little  sour  milk  and 
bread  crumbs,  perhaps,  in  it,  and  the 
remainder  placed  in  a  dean  pail  inside 
and  emptied  every  day.  Over  the  pail 
outside  we  placed  a  heavy  pasteboard 
cover  with  a  small  hole  in  the  e  nter. 
If  the  contents  are  a  little  stale  all  the 
better.  Over  this  hole  we  placed  the 
trap.  By  night  this  trap  was  full  of 
flies.  It  was  taken  off  and  hot  water 
pour  over  it.  After  several  weeks  of 
this  we  found  ourselves  practically  with¬ 
out  flies ;  no  more  “driving”  and  no 
sticky  fly  paper.  The  stable  is  located 
about  50  feet  from  the  house  where  one 
horse  and  one  cow  are  kept,  and  no 
precautions  whatever  are  taken  there. 
We  used  a  ware  fly  killer  in  the  house 
freely.  The  past  week  of  cool  weather 
has  failed  to  have  the  house  “swarming 
with  flies”  as  has  always  been  the  case, 
so  we  think  we  have  discovered  a  way 
to  keep  our  house  free  from  the  pest. 

E.  M.  A. 

Beef  Loaf. — Two  pounds  of  lean  beef, 
chopped  very  fine,  one  cupful  of  bread 
crumbs,  two  teaspoonfuls  salt,  half  a  tea¬ 
spoonful  of  white  pepper,  a  dash  of  cay¬ 
enne,  two  eggs  and  a  half  a  teaspoon  ful 
of  onion  juice.  Mix  thoroughly,  form 
into  a  loaf  and  roll  in  sifted  flour.  To  a 
cupful  of  boiling  water  add  a  t  ible- 
spoonful  of  butter;  put  in  the  buttered 
baking  pan,  add  the  meat,  bake  in  a  hot 
oven  about  45  minutes,  basting  fre- 1 
queutly.  Place  loaf  in  a  hot  dish,  thicken 
the  drippings  in  pan,  adding  more  water 
or  stock  if  needed.  Pour  sauce  around 
meat,  with  a  teaspoonful  of  minced  pars¬ 
in'. 


Victor-Victrola  XIV 
$150 


Victors  $10  to  $100 


Victor  Needles  6  cents  per  100;  60  cents  per  1000 


Victor-Victrola  XVI 
$200  and  $250 


The  clement  of  cost  didn’t  enter  into  the  de- 
sicnimr  and  construction  of  the  first  Victor- 
Victrola.  The  only  object  was  to  produce  a 
musical  instrument  that  was  absolute  perfection. 
And  the  result  was  a  new  kind  of  instrument 
with  a  sweeter,  richer/  mellower  tone  than  was 
ever  heard  before. 

After  that  we  devoted  our  energies  to  securing  this 
unequaled  tone  in  less  expensive  models.  From  time 
to  time  more  popular-priced  instruments  were  added 
until  today  the  Victor-Victrola  is  within  the  reach  of  all 
and  everybody  can  enjoy  the  exquisite  music  from  this 
greatest  of  all  musical  instruments. 

Hear  the  Victor-Victrola  at  the  nearest  Victor  dealer's — you'll  spend 
a  delightful  half-hour  and  come  away  with  a  greater  love  for  music  and  a 
more  thorough  appreciation  of  this  superb  instrument. 

Be  sure  to  ask  him  for  copies  of  the  handsome  illustrated  Victor  cata¬ 
logs,  or  write  to  us  for  them. 

Victor  Talking  Machine  Co.,20than<l  Cooper  Sts.,  Camden,  N.  J. 

Berliner  Gramophone  Co.,  X«iuntreal,  Canadian  Distributors 

Always  use  Victor  Records  played  with  Victor  Needles 
— there  is  no  other  way  to  get  the  unequaled  Victor  tone. 


©08 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


September  0. 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

RAISING  DRAFT  HORSES  ON  THE  FARM. 

The  first  essential  in  raising  a  good 
draft  horse  is  a  good  mare,  one  built 
on  proper  lines  and  one  that  has  size 
enough  to  haul  a  load  and  with  ambi¬ 
tion  to  do  it.  Size  alone  never  made  a 
good  horse.  You  do  not  want  a  mare 
that  stands  on  stilts,  nor  one  like  a 
plank  on  edge.  Get  depth  of  body  with 
lots  of  width  across  hips  and  breast, 
and  at  the  same  time  a  short  coupled 
animal.  A  long. arm  from  knee  up  and 
short  from  knee  down  indicates  power, 
and  do  not  have  her  stand  too  straight 
on  her  feet  or  she  will  not  do  on  hard 
roads  or  pavements.  Very  large  bone 


cannot  do  more  than  a  man.  On  the 
roads  my  teams  will  out-walk  nine  out 
of  ten  of  the  small  teams  and  take  twice 
the  load.  I  have  plowed  heavy  clay 
land  in  an  orchard,  using  a  14-inch  plow 
with  one  mare,  and  she  apparently  did 
not  exert  herself  at  all.  But  they  are 
not  roadsters,  so  do  not  try-  to  hurry 
your  big  team.  The  colts  from  this 
class  of  mares  are  worth  $400  to  $1,000 
each  as  brood  mares  or  stallions.  You 
will  not  get  a  colt  from  each  mare  each 
year,  but  I  know  of  a  team  of  mares 
that  raised  13  colts  in  seven  years.  Don't 
expect  to  do  this  well.  Figure  as  you 
will,  a  span  of  good  mares  at  a  cost  of 
$1,000  to  $1,500  will  make  you  more 
money  on  the  farm,  besides  earning 
their  own  living,  than  the  same  amount 
put  into  any  other  kind  of  stock.  And 
then  it  is  worth  a  lot  to  know  that  you 
have  the  best  team  in  y^our  county,  and 
you  need  not  be  ashamed  to  drive  into 


IMPORTED  PERCHERON  MARE  3  YEARS  OLD.  Fig.  363. 


is  not  desirable,  for  if  the  leg  is  right 
at  both  ends  it  will  be  all  right.  If  she 
has  a  neck  and  shoulders  like  a  stal¬ 
lion,  so  much  the  better.  A  good  dis¬ 
position  is  desirable,  but  the  man  who 
has  the  handling  of  her  has  much  to 
do  with  that.  A  timid  driver  should 
never  handle  a  spirited  or  ambitious 
mare;  a  driver  should  not  fear  his  team 
nor  should  a  team  ever  fear  its  driver. 

I  prefer  mares  weighing  1,600  to  1,800 
pounds,  but  they  must  be  built  right. 
Short-coupled,  deep-bodied  and  legs  that 
show  power,  low  down  and  broad. 
About  16  to  16Rj  hands  in  height  is 
about  right.  After  you  have  your  model 
mare  breed  only  to  a  model  horse.  Don’t 
use  a  poor  horse  as  a  gift  and  remem¬ 
ber  that  pedigree  is  not  horse,  but  when 
you  get  a  good  pedigree  with  a  good 
horse,  use  him ;  $20  or  $25  on  a  colt  is 
very  little  compared  with  the  difference 
in  price  as  a  three  or  four-year-old. 
A  good  colt  is  more  cheaply  raised  than 
a  poor  one — you  will  give  it  better  care, 
and  it  will  put  the  feed  where  it  will 
make  money  for  you. 

Never  let  your  colt  follow  the  mare 
except  in  pasture.  Give  it  good  feed 
and  plenty  of  it  from  the  time  it  first 
knows  how  to  eat.  Even  when  on  good 
pasture,  give  the  colt  a  feed  of  oats 
night  and  morning.  Keep  the  colt  grow¬ 
ing  all  the  time.  I  prefer  Fall  colts  for 
various  reasons.  Your  mares  are  idle 
during  the  Winter,  and  can  better  suckle 
the  colt  than  when  doing  the  heavy 
Spring  farm  work.  Feed  the  mother 
for  milk  much  the  same  as  you  would 
feed  a  cow.  Keep  her  in  good  flesh, 
which  is  not  nearly  so  difficult  to  do  as 
if  she  were  both  working  hard  and  rais¬ 
ing  a  colt  at  the  same  time.  When  the 
Fall  colt  is  weaned  it  is  through  the 
Winter  instead  of  just  starting  into  a 
hard  one  like  a  Spring  colt.  Feed  the 
mare,  feed  the  colt — you  can’t  grow 
good  horses  on  good  intentions  and 
poor  feed.  Good  imported  Percheron 
or  Belgian  mares  can  be  had  at  prices 
varying  from  $100  to  $1,000  each,  and 
they  are  my  favorite  breeds.  Suppose 
your  team  costs  you  $1,200  for  the  right 
kind ;  your  interest  charge  would  be 
about  $75  per  year,  and  your  sinking 
fund  say  $150  per  year  to  replace  the 
mares  when  old.  No  account  need  be 
made  for  feed  on  the  farm,  for  if  your 
scrub  team  can  earn  their  living  your 
good  team  can  do  a  lot  better.  Your 
colts  at  two  years  old  can  be  put  at 
light  plowing  and  cultivating,  and  will 
earn  their  keep  from  that  age.  The 
notion  that  a  light  team  will  do  more 
work  on  a  farm  than  a  team  of  1, 800- 
pound  mares  is  foolishness.  A  boy 


town  in  daylight.  You  will  take  pleas¬ 
ure  in  giving  good  care  to  a  team  of 
this  kind,  and  that  is  a  long  way  on  the 
road  to  success  with  any  stock.  They 
will  take  less  feed  to  do  the  same  work, 
for  it  requires  less  exertion,  and  will  be 
less  liable  to  sickness  just  because  you 
do  give  them  better  care. 

Beaver  Co.,  Pa.  c.  f.  mount. 


DISCARDING 

Complicated  and  Cheap 

CREAM  SEPARATORS 

Others  who  have  bought  disk-filled,  complicated  and 
cheap  cream  separators  are  now  discarding  them  for 

SHARPLES 

Tubular  Cream  Separators 

These  people  paid  good  money  forthemachinesthey 

are  discarding.  Do  you  suppose  they  would  change 
without  good  reason  ?  They  realize  that  Tubulars 
repeatedly  pay  for  themselves  by  saving  what  others 
lose.  Could  there  be  a  better  reason  for  changing  ? 

Can  you  afford  to  ignore  the  experience  of  others, 
whose  names  we  could  give  you  by  thousands? 
Others  have  finally  got  Tubulars.  You  will  finally 
have  a  Tubular.  Why  not  get  the  Tubular  first  ? 

AH  P - - - -^i  .  The  Tubular 


There 

Is 

To 

Dairy 

Tubular 

Bowls 


has  done  work 
equal  to  100 
years’  service 
In  a  5  to  8  cow 
dairy  at  atotal 
cost  of  only 
<1.15foroil  and 
repairs.  Lasts 
a  lifetime. 
G  u  a  r  anteed 
forever  b  y 
America’s  old¬ 


est  and  world’s  biggest 
separator  concern. 

..  ,  Dairy  Tubulars  have  no 

disks.  Have  twice  the  skimming  force  of  others. 
Skim  faster  and  twice  as  clean.  You  can  arrange 
with  our  local  representative  for  a  free  trial.  Other 

separators 
taken  in  ex¬ 
change. 


30 

yrs 


Write  for 
c  a  t  a  1 ogue 
No.  153 


THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO. 

WEST  OIIESTEIf,  PA. 

Chicago.  Ill.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Portland,  Ore. 
1  oronto,  Cun.,  Winnipeg,  Cun. 


DAIRY 


BLATCHFORD’S 
CALF  MEAL 

Fattens  Calves  Quicker  Than 
Milk  and  Much  Cheaper 

WISNElt  MFG.  CO. 
230  Greenwich  St.,  New  York 

“Everything  lor  dairymen 
always  in  stock” 


YEARLY 

OUTPUT 

OVER 

6,500,000 


ALPHA 

PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


YOUR  COWS 

Need  Protection  Against 

Flies 


EXCELSIOR  SWIW6  STANCHION 

Warranted  The  Best.  30  Days’  .Triad 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  when  open 
Noiseless  Simple  Sanitary  Durable 

The  "Wasson  Stanchion  Co., 
IJox  60,  *:•  Cuba,  N.  Y. 


r»DI  IMD'C  I  M PROVED 
VrfKUm D  O  WARRINER 

STANCHION 


H.  A.  Moyer,  Syracuse, 
N.  Y.,  says  “they 

SAVE  COST 

in  feed  in  one  winter.” 

Send  address  for  speci¬ 
fications  of  inexpensive 
yet  sanitary  cow  stable  to 
WALLACE  H.  CRUMB,  Box  Mg,  Forestvllle,  Conn. 


ROBERTSON'S  CHAIN 
HANGING  STANCHIONS 

“l  have  used  them  for  more 
than*  TWENTY  YEARS,  and  they 
have  given  the  very  bent  of  satiB- 
faction  in  every  way,”  writes 
Justus  H.  Cooley,  M.D.,  Plalufield 
Sanitarium,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

Thirty  days*  trial  on  application 
O.  II.  ROBERTSON 
Wash.  St.,  ForeatvIUe*  Conn. 


U 


Si&i: 


. . .  FOSTER  STEEL  .  .  . 

STANCHIONS 

Increase  Your  Dairy  Profit 

Makes  cows  comfortable.  Save  time 
in  stabling  and  cleaning.  Easy  to 
operate;  cow  proof;  sanitary; 
strong,  and  durable. 

Write  for  our  prices  and  illus¬ 
trated  catalog  before  buying. 
FOSTER  STEEL  STANCHION  CO. 
IRMt  liiMii  ancc  llllig.,  Kii.hrster,  N,  Y. 


SI  "XW  I  3NT  33 


Cows  driven  from  pillar  to  post  by 
those  itching  demons — flies— can’t 
produce  their  maximum  quantity 
or  quality  of  milk.  Spraying  barns 
with  Crel  Oil  will  drive  out  every  11}’.  Spray  cows 
slightly  with  Crel  Oil  and  they  will  pasture  peacefully. 
Harmless,  but  very  effective.  Crel  Oil  gives  olf  powerful 
deodorizing  fumes  that  kill  all  parasite  life.  Splendid 
for  disinfecting  sinks,  troughs, drains,  etc.  Only  $1.00 
a  Quart — lasts  long  time.  If  your  local  dealer  can’t 
supply , order  direct.  Sprayer  free  with  trial  order. 
CALEDONIA  CHEMICAL  CO.,  Calodonla,  N.  Y. 

CREL  OLL 

Milk  Producers  f,or.  bTe'v.Y.ork  City  market 

,  ,  1  1  ,  u^,  ,  desiring  information  how  to 

iorm  brandies  of  the  Dairymen’s  Longue,  write  to 
the  .Secretary,  ALBERT  MANNING,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 

Pm  I  IF  PIIDQ-Froin  imported  stock.  Fomales 

eeLLIL  I  Ul  Odieap.  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 

Percheron  and  Belnian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 

at  farmers'  prices.  A  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlenald,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  I’enna.  R.R.  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O, 

FfiR  9  M  n__Best  Six  Mares  in  Beaver  Co  ,  Pa. 
lUll  O.ILL  Imported— registered.  Two  Bel¬ 
gians,  four  Percherons.  C.F.  Mount  Koppei,  pa. 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  l’lt ICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.d!«fi 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON.  Pioprietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 

nilRflPC  THE  BIG.  DEEP  FELLOWS 

UvnUUw  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHKNANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 

CHELD0N  FARM  registered  Durocs, 

O  Bred 


„  _  „  *  -  Pigs  of  both  sex. 

Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
0.  K.  BAKNK8,  Oxford.  N.  Y. 

Ohi»  .Improved  Chesters— Choice  Boars  for 

at  bargain  prices.  Pigs  not  akin. 

CROSSROAD  FARM,  Plattsburg,  N.  Y. 


H H  F<\ H  R  F<\_Tlle  nice  thrifty  kind :  March  Boars 
U  ILOIllllLO  and  Sows.  Orders  taken  for  Pigs  of 
September  farrow.  G.  K.  Smith.  Castile,  N  ,Y. 

Large  Berkshires  at  Highwood 

Pall  offering  of  Service  Boars  and  of 
young  Pigs  in  pairs  and  trios,  not  akin. 

H.  C.  &  H.  B.  Harpendiiur,  Dundee,  N.  Y. 


CAT  TXjE^ 


‘The 

Guernseys 

have  proven  them¬ 
selves  " 


the  Most  Economical  yf\ a 

Producers  ol  Dairy  j;|f 

Products  of  the  * 


Highest  Quality  and  Best  Color 


The  prepotency  of  the  Guernsey  Bull  or  his 
ability  to  stamp  the  desirable  characteristics  of  the 
breed  on  his  offspring 

Makes  him  most  valuable  for  improving  the 
common  dairy  stock  of  any  section. 


A  Dairy  of  Grade  Guernseys  will  give  Rich, 
Fine- Flavored,  High-Colored  Milk, 
Cream  and  Butter. 


FURTHER  INFORMATION  REGARDING  THE  GRADE 
GUERNSEYS  BY  ADDRESSING 

The  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club 

Box  R  PETERBOUO,  X.  H. 


Blooded  Stock 


Grand  Sacrifice 
'Offering  of 

of  MAPLE  HURST  STOCK  FARMS. 

To  mako  room,  we  offer  POR  SALE  the  following 
at  greatly  reduced  prices: 

10  head  Registered  Shropshire  Rams. 

18  “  “  1’ogis  ”  Blood  Registered  Jersey  Bull 

Calves. 

Twenty-five  thousand  genuine  Red  Heart  Cedars, 
6  inches  to  2  feet  high. 

12  head  Blooded  Registered  Guernsey  Bull  Calves 
7  Registered  Berkshire  Boars. 

150  “  Imperial  U’ekin  Ducks  and  Drakes 

225  ’  Genuine  Single  and  Double  Comb  Rliodo 

Rod  Pullets  and  Cockerels. 

The  abovo  stock  is  guaranteed  in  every  respect  and 
represents  best  blood  and  breeding. 

MAPLE  HURST  STOCK  FARMS  .  .  .  GUILFORD.  CONN. 


DE  K0L  BURKE  BLOOD. 

Will  sell  ONTARIO  COUNT  DE  KOL,  Holstein 
Lu  h  half  white,  born  April  25th,  by  America  Do 
Kol  Burke,  out  of  Bettina  Do  Kol.  Bargain  at  $75. 
f.  o.  b.  CLOVERDALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

REG,  HOLSTEIN  MALE  CALVES 


I 


Closely  related  to  champions  of  the  world  H 
at  farmors’  prices.  Pine  individuals,  nicely  H 
marked.  Fifty  per  cent  below  value.  I 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Write  today.  (J 

F.  H.  RIVENBURGH,  HILLHURST  FARM,  MUNNSVILLE,  N.  V. 


OAKLAND  FARM  H0LSTEINS 

FINE  INDIVIDUALS— LARGE  PRODUCERS 

Choice  YOUNG  BULLS  For  Sale 

Write,  stating  just  tvhat  you  want. 

T.  A.  MITCHELL,  Weed  sport,  N.  Y. 


«7fiH0LSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  fomales. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU.  Somerville  N.  J. 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Prescriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN  ASS’N  OF  AMERICA 

k.l.houghton.sec’y.boxios.brattleboro.vt. 


DUTCH  BELTED  CATTLE] 

CHAS.  STEWART  DAVISON 
60  Wall  St.,  New  York  City 


AT  LAUREL  FARM 

we  have  on  hand  some  half-dozen  sons  of  Ferns' 
Jubilee,  73852,  A.  J.  C.  C.,  from  ten  months  down 
to  a  few  days  old.  All  out  of  good  cows.  Discount 
price  for  next  thirty  days. 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton.  N,  Y. 

ROCHROANE JERSEY  HERD 

Write  for  our  next  price  list. 

f  Karnak’s  Noble  P  4330  C. 

Calves  from  j  Fontaine’s  Chief  P  4153  H.  C. 

(  Rochreane’s  Golden  Courage  852.3 

M,  A.  TRAVIS  (Supt  for  S.  M.  Beltzhoover), 
Irvington,  New  York. 


Breed  Up— Not  Down 


.—Jersey  Bull  Calves 
,  I  you  can  afford  to 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  B.  F 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  i’a. 


S  ITEE 


FflR  SAI  F -registered  rambouillet 

run  OflLC  RAMS;  O.  I.  C.  SWINE. 

C.  W.  HALLIDAY,  North  Chatham,  N.  Y. 

REGISTERED  SHROPSHIRE  RAMS 

Yeoman.  FRED.  VAN  VLJCKT,  Lodi,  N.  Y. 

SHROPSHIRE  Yearling  Rams,  Ewe  and 


Ram  Lambs  and  a  few 
TTr-  quick.  Write 
J.  VAN  DYKE,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 


t-.  ,  ,  Jt-twiii  uuiuws  a 

Young  Ewes;  gneed^to  sell  quick. _  Write 


HIGHI  AND  FARM °ffors  some  choice 

IllUnuaiYU  raiun  Shropshlres-yearllngs 

and  lambs  of  either  sex.  Bred  for  type  and 
quality. _  w.  F.  BLACK,  Hall,  N.  Y. 

HAMPSHIRE  DOWNS 

ling  Ewes  and  Ewe  Lambs  for  salo;  from  fine  im 
ported  Ram.  All  registered.  Write  vour  wants 
Prices  right.  W  H.  Crawford,  R.F.D.  No.  10,  Mercer.  Pa 


RAMS  FOR  SAI  F— ReKIstered  Shropshire 

IVnmj  TVJIY  O/YLiCi  yearlings  and  two-yoar- 
olds.  Also,  one  four-year-ohl  Hammer  Ram  and 
some  nice  Ram  Lambs.  E.  E.  Stevens  &  Son, Wilson,  N.Y. 


1911. 


THE  RURAE  NEW-YORKER 


90© 


A  VIRGINIA  STOCK  BARN. 

The  two  pictures  shown  at  Figs.  364 
and  365  are  a  feed  and  stock  barn 
which  I  built  on  my  farm  in  1910.  This 
barn  is  set  on  a  10-inch  concrete  foun¬ 
dation,  40x80  feet,  with  a  16-foot  drive¬ 
way  through  the  short  way,  and  has  a 
10-foot  feed-way  through  the  long  way 
of  it.  By  doing  this  you  then  have  four 
l)ox  pens  15x32  feet  for  cattle,  or  stalls, 
whichever  you  like.  It  is  20  feet  to  the 
square  or  rafters.  The  first  floor  or  loft 
is  only  13  feet  from  the  sill,  enabling 
you  to  pitch  anything  with  a  fork  in 
the  mow,  and  still  high  enough  for 
stock  and  even  high  enough  to  drive 


A  VIRGINIA  STOCK  BARN.  Fig.  364 

through  and  load  the  manure  on  a 
wagon  of  a  manure  spreader,  whichever 
is  convenient.  This  saves  a  lot  of 
handling  of  the  manure  by  being  able 
to  drive  right  in  the  barn  and  loading 
on  the  wagon,  especially  if  it  is  snow¬ 
ing  or  raining.  It  has  rolling  doors 
11x13  at  each  corner  on  the  outside,  and 
rolling  doors  across  the  16-foot  drive¬ 
way  in  the  center  on  the  outside,  two 
doors  on  each  side,  9x18,  and  then  four 
gates  in  the  center  to  make  each  box 
entirely  separate.  These  gates  are  11x6 
feet.  By  opening  all  doors  and  gates 
one  can  drive  anyway  in  it  with  manure 
spreader.  Over  the  drive-way  in  the 
center  the  floor  is  four  or  five  feet 
higher  than  the  rest  of  it,  enabling  one 
to  drive  a  thrash  box  through  or  a  load 
of  hay,  leaving  an  opening  in  the  center 
big  enough  to  unload  hay  with  a  hay 
fork.  Each  crack  in  the  floor  has  a 
strip  under  it  to  keep  hayseed  from 
sifting  through.  By  having  the  floor 
only  13  feet  high  it  is  seven  feet  to  the 
rafters  and  then  the  slope  of  the  rafters, 
which  gives  a  world  of  mow  space  for 
hay  or  wheat ;  in  fact  it  holds  all  the 


END  VIEW  OF  VIRGINIA  BARN.  Fig.  3G5 

feed  I  can  raise  on  my  farm.  The 
rafters  are  in  two  sets.  On  either  side 
of  the  10-foot  feed-way  in  the  center 
there  are  8x8  posts  27  feet  one  inch,  set¬ 
ting  10  feet  apart,  and  on  top  a  plate  to 
support  the  rafters,  enabling  it  to  hold 
up  the  heaviest  snow.  It  has  a  hay¬ 
fork  running  on  a  wire  cable  and  un¬ 
loads  from  the  center  from  each  way.  It 
is  covered  with  burlap  gravel  roofing, 
which  took  about  44  squares.  It  only 
took  about  40,000  feet  of  lumber  to  build 
it,  and  it  is  a  pleasure  to  go  there  in 
a  rough  Winter  day  and  have  all  the 
stock  in  there  warm  and  dry,  and  it 
does  not  take  near  the  feed  it  would  if 
it  was  fed  on  the  outside.  j.  o.  wood. 

Bath  Co.,  Va. 


Terrier  Shedding  Hair. 

We  have  a  young  fox  terrier  about  IS 
months  old,  Tioalth.v  and  vigorous  in  every 
way,  hut  he  has  been  shedding  ever  since  he 
was  six  months  old.  He  is  a  line  ratter  and 
a  great  pet,  but  we  find  this  is  a  very  dis- 
agreeabie  condition,  especially  as  he  is  a 
house  dog.  What  shall  I  do  to  cure  him? 
I  have  used  creolin,  to  no  purpose,  c.  e.  b. 

Ohio. 

Let  the  dog  live  an  outdoor  life  and  oc¬ 
cupy  an  outdoor  kennel.  Feed  him  once 
daily,  in  the  evening.  Do  not  feed  sweets 
or  potatoes.  Give  him  a  good  washing 
once  a  week  in  a  bath  of  coal  tar  dip,  and 
use  a  hard  brush  often  on  his  coat. 

A.  S.  A. 


VETCH  AS  HORSE  HAY. 

I  have  just  read  the  inquiry  of  H.  B., 
of  Virginia,  in  regard  to  Hairy  vetch  as 
hay  for  horses,  and  as  I  have  had  eight 
years’  experience  in  growing  it  for  that 
purpose  I  may  be  able  to  add  a  little  to 
the  very  excellent  advice  given  by  Dr. 
Shamel.  First  of  all,  let  me  say,  do  not 
sow  the  vetch  alone;  sow  either  with 
Virginia  Gray  Winter  oats  or  some 
good  variety  of  smooth  wheat.  If  sown 
alone  you  will  find  it  next  to  impossible 
to  harvest  it,  as  it  will  sprawl  out  flat 
on  the  ground.  Here  in  Norfolk 
County  I  can  sow  any  time  from  August 
20  to  October  20  with  good  results, 
but  the  last  half  of  September  is  best. 
Cut  for  hay  when  the  grain  sown  with 
it  is  just  going  out  of  the  milk  stage. 
Like  many  other  legumes,  vetch  rarely 
does  its  best  when  sown  for  the  first 
time  on  a  piece  of  land.  I  get  as  good 
results  from  one-half  bushel  of  vetch 
seed  mixed  with  the  regular  amount  of 
oats  or  wheat  as  from  a  bushel  of  vetch 
and  a  bushel  of  grain  per  acre.  If  it 
does  well  one  vetch  plant  to  the  square 
yard  will  cover  the  whole  field  with  a 
thick  mat  of  vines,  leaves,  blossoms  and 
pods.  I  always  let  a  small  plot  ripen 
and  thrash  for  seed.  Do  not  sow  on 
land  where  you  expect  to  grow  wheat 
for  grain,  as  the  vetch  will  reseed  itself 
and  come  up  in  the  wheat.  I  make  a 
business  of  boarding  city  horses,  and 
feed  large  quantities  of  hay  from  oats 
and  vetch,  and  have  always  got  good  re¬ 
sults.  JOHN  B.  LEWIS. 

Norfolk  Co.,  Va. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  Winter  oats  will  not 
answer  north  of  Philadelphia.  The 
dates  given  by  Mr.  Lewis  refer,  of 
course,  to  southern  Virginia.  Septem¬ 
ber  1  is  about  the  limit  for  northern 
seeding. 


Dropped  Sole. 

*1.  Is  there  any  truth  in  the  belief  that 
a  horse  will  get  blind  if  oil  ineal  is  used 
In  a  small  or  a  large  quantity?  2.  Is  a 
flat-footed  horse  incurable?  M.  D. 

Connecticut. 

1.  Certainly  not.  2.  We  presume  you 
mean  that  the  horse  has  dropped  sole  fol¬ 
lowing  an  acute  attack  of  founder.  If  so 

there  is  no  cure  for  that  condition. 

A.  S.  A. 

Heaves. 

I  have  a  horse  that  has  a  cough  caused, 

I  believe,  by  a  clogging  tip  of  the  bronchial 
tubes.  He  experiences  much  difficulty  in 
breathing  at  times,  and  seems  to  he  choked, 
also  coughs  up  phlegm.  Sometimes  he  can 
scarcely  get  bis  breath,  then  will  go  for  a 
day  or  two,  and  one  win  hardly  know  there 
is  anything  wrong.  I  thought  for  a  while 
it  was  heaves,  but  am  sure  it  is  not  now, 
although  being  stopped  up  causes  the  ani¬ 
mal  to  heave.  B.  R.  P. 

Maryland. 

The  disease  is  heaves,  and  it  explains  all 
of  the  difficulty  in  breathing.  It  affects  a 
horse  iu  about  the  same  way  as  does  asthma 
n  person  :  hut  in  heaves  there  also  is  chronic 
indigestion  present,  and  incurable  tissue 
changes  (emphysema)  in  the  lungs.  Wet  all 
food.  Let  him  have  grass  in  Summer  and 
oat  straw  in  Winter.  Add  oats  and  bran 
as  the  concentrate.  Feed  no  bulky  food  at 
noon,  and  do  not  work  horse  soon  after 
a  ineaL  Give,  half  an  ounce  of  FowFr's 
solution  of  arsenic  night  and  morning,  and 
if  cough  persists  add  half  to  one  ounce  of 
glyco-lieroin.  A.  s.  a. 

Ascites. 

My  cow,  12  years  old,  fresh  a  month  ago, 
is  a  good  milker,  but  in  poor  flesh  and  very 
paunchy.  She  is  being  well  fed  and  pas¬ 
tured.  She  seems  to  have  great  labor  in 
getting  her  breath.  While  she  does  not 
wheeze  or  make  any  fuss  about  it,  yet  her 
whole  body  heaves  to  and  fro  at  each  res¬ 
piration,  as  though  she  had  just  undergone 
great  exertion,  although  she  may  not  have 
been  out  of  the  stable.  This  condition  was 
in  evidence  last  Summer  also  but  in  milder 
form.  What  Is  it?  J.  G.  m. 

Pennsylvania. 

It  seems  most  probable  that  cow  has 
ascites  (dropsy  of  the  abdomen)  associated 
with  tuberculin  to  settle  the  matter.  It  Is 
disease  of  heart,  liver  or  kidneys.  As  it  is 
quite  possible  that  she  simply  is  badly  af¬ 
fected  with  tuberculosis  have  her  tested 
not  a  case  for  which  we  would  feel  justi¬ 
fied  in  prescribing  treatment,  as  the  use  of 
milk  from  such  a  cow  is  questionable  pol¬ 
icy,  and  it  herefore  would  be  best  and  saf¬ 
est  to  have  a  careful  examination  made  by 
a  graduate  veterinarian.  a.  s.  a. 


iT 


% 


v,  ; 

■J 


See  D.  J.  Grindell’s  Exhibit  at 
New  York  State  Fair 

\ 

From  11th  to  16th  of  September,  1911,  consisting  of 

20  Head  of  Young  Percheron 
Stallions  and  Mares 


Imported  and  Home-Bred,  Registered  Pure-Bred ;  from  Yearlings  to 

•  Five-Year-Old 

Will  be  pleased  to  show  this  stock  to  all  prospective  buyers  and  admirers  of 
fine  horses,  at  prices  to  suit  die  times.  Prospective  buyers  will  never  have 
a  better  lot  of  Percheron  Horses  to  select  from,  and  right  at  your  home. 

Don’t  Fail  to  See  This  Stock,  Your  Price  is  Ours 


D.  J.  Grindell 


Kenton,  Ohio 


T  HAVE  just 
arrived 


from  Belgium, 
F  ranee  and 
Germ  any, 
where  I  pur¬ 
chased  an  ex¬ 
tra  fine  lot  of 


STALLIONS 
and  MARES 


of  the  differ¬ 
ent  breeds, 
which  will  ar¬ 
rive  at  tl  io 


Sharon  Valley  Stock  Farm, 

Newark,  Ohio, 

in  the  next  ten  days.  Will  be  clad  to  welcome  any 
customers  to  the  farm.  Will  also  exlubit  at  all  the 
leading  fairs  in  Ohio,  Pennsylvania  and  West  Vir¬ 
ginia,  where  1  will  be  glad  to  meet  friends  and 

customers.  Col.  G.  \V .  CRAWKOK1). 


STALLION  FOR  SALE  OR  TRADE, 

KUSHIRO,  Trotting  Stallion,  a  first-class  siring 
son  of  .Kremlin,  is  offered  for  sale  lor  $505,  or  will 
trade  for  a  first-class  "'roadster  automobile."  This 
stallion  has  a  mark  of  2.08,  is  pronounced  sound 
by  J)r.  Kdward  Moore  of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  is  guaran¬ 
teed  fearless,  kind  and  gentle  in  all  harness,  and 
has  never  hart  u  fly.  Particulars  by  letter. 

B.  It.  ANDERSON. 

Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford,  Conn. 


AYRSH1RES  FOR  SALE-?™^ & 

and  dam:  three  Cows  and  throe  Heifers.  Cheap. 
W.  31.  LORENTZ.  East  Geeex\uja,k,  Pa. 


Snowcroft  Hampshire  Downs 

150  Rams  and  Ewes  from  best  English  Foundation 
stock.  All  shipments  guaranteed  as  described. 

See  STATE  FAIR  EXHIBIT. 

DR.  S.  F.  SNOW.  713  University  Block,  SYRACUSE.  N.  Y. 


Black- Faced  Highlands  EXCHANGE-t°o 

avoid  inbreeding — 4  FllKE-BJlKl)  RAMS. 
BFSSB080  FARM,  Westport-on-Lake  Champlain,  New  York. 

FOR  MENDING  HARNESS 


It  takes  .  shot's,  tents,  awnings,  pulley  belts,  car- 
a  wax  -sajL  pets,  saddles,  enit  cases,  buggy  tops, 
thread,  da  si:  boards,  or  any  heavy  material, 

feeds  Stewakt’s  Automatic 

from  spool  and  Awl  is  the  only  per- 

does  the  work  of  \  JiT1  Sewing 

any  harness  maker  /  V  Aw  1. 

machine.  It  is  i nd Jr 1 
peosable  for  farmers.  'SsgjjCN  , -.'.i,  /  la 
Agents  wanted.  Sent  prepaid  pN 

for  $1.25,  Send  at  once  Tor  F® 

catalog.  SIEWART-SK1NNER  GO. 

35  Mention  Street,  Worcester,  Mass. 


5AVE-TH  E-HORSE 

T«»Ot  MASK 

Spavin 
Remedy 


9 


lingee _ 

for  CODY,  BOOKLET  and  LETTERS,  from  Bankers, 
_  a  partners  and  Business  men  on  every  kind  ol  case.  l"er- 
eolty  Cores  Bone  nn<l  Bog  Spavin,  Thoroughpin,  Ringbone 
(except  low).  Curb,  Splint,  Capped  Mock,  Wlndputr, Shoe  Boil, 
Injured  Tendons  and  nil  Lameness.  No  sck.  or  loss  of 
hair.  Horse  w  orks  as  usual.  Dealers  or  Express  prejmid. 
Troy  Chemical  Co.,  21  tuauuercUi  Are.,  Binghamton,  N.  X, 


FASHIONABLY  BRED  BERKSHIRES. 

A  few  Spring  and  Summer  PIGS  l’or  sale  at.  rea¬ 
sonable  prices.  Dts.  J.  K.  ALLEN,  Orwell,  N.  Y. 


Phochiroe  Bargains  in  Registered  Yearlings  and 
UllCollllCo  ju|y  Pigs,  both  sex.  Bred  from  N.  Y. 
State  Fair  whiners.  Ralph  E.  Owen,  Fulton,  N.  Y. 


FOR  F~200  S.C.  WHITE  LEGHORN  Yearlino Hens, 

l  v/iv  o/iLL  thoroughbred  strain.  Good  layers 
and  in  a  healthy  condition,  81. SO  each.  Address 

J.  M.  WAY,  K.  F.  I).  2.  Hockbsstt.  Del. 

S.  C.  BUFF  ORPINGTONS 

FOR  SALE— 23  COCKERELS  AND  PULLETS 
of  Cook's  Exhibition  strain.  Price,  $3.50  to  $5.00. 
OH  AS.  SCHLAEFER.  Box  452,  Montieello,  N.  Y. 


For  Sale  or  To  Lease 

Farm  on  Staten  Island 


About  300  acres.  Ideal  Dairy  Farm;  barn  well 
equipped  for  80  head  of  cattle.  Would  also  make 
desirable  Truck  Farm.  Near  New  York  markets; 
excellent  water  supply;  railroad  and  navigation 
bordering  on  farm,  W.  W.  G.,care  Rural  N.-Y. 


FOR  <JA|  F~If  Y°u  'want  the  best  farms  f. . ■  t ho 
I  Un  OHLL  money,  send  for  our  large  free  cal  alog. 
HALL’S  FA  EM  AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.,  NY. 


FARMS  WANTED  FaMis 


We  have  a  number  of  earnest  people  with  moder¬ 
ate  means  wishing  to  buy  good,  productive  farms 
costing  between  $2,000  and  $4,000,  with  or  wii  bout 
stock,  within  a  radius  of  200  miles  of  Now  York 
City.  Ours  is  a  philanthropic  organization,  and  we 
make  no  charge  to  buyer  or  seller.  Rock  bottom 
prices  must  therefore  he  quoted.  Address  THE 
.JEWISH  AGRICULTURAL  AND  INDUSTRIAL 
AID  SOCIETY,  177  Second  Avenue,  New  York. 


WE  SELL  FARMS  in  Oceana,  best  County  in  U.  S. 

Fruit,  Alfalfa,  Grain, Vegetables,  Stock,  Poul¬ 
try.  J.  D.  S.  HANSON  &  SON,  llart,  Mich. 

|cn  Farme  KOU  sale  fertile 

IJU  idllllo  Delaware  Valley.  Now  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Hokack  G.  Rkimier.  Newtown,  Pa. 


FARM?  Circular  free.  Dept.  151,  I,«*l:m«ls’ 
I  HllfflO  Farm  Ageucy,  31  Milk  St.,  Boston 

A  YOUNG  MAN,  26  yrnr«  old,  would  like  a  position  as  puuitry- 
maii  j  under* I nn Ah  incubators,  care  of  young  chick*,  cure  of 
hens  for  fi‘J»  production.  Frank  W.  Btrykkk,  Gilbon,  N.  Y. 


SMART,  energetic  young  man  desires  position 
as  Orchard  Manager.  Understands  spraying, 
pruning,  care  of  fruit,  etc.  Best  of  references. 
"‘Energetic,”  R.D.  No.  l.Box  15,  Mechanicsburg.  Pa. 

W  A  NTF  n~BOY  ot  K'-Somc  experience  in  pro- 
Vl  All  I  LU  duetion  of  certified  milk  —  desires 
position  in  small  up-to-date  dairy :  preferably  with 
Catholic  family  in  New  York  State.  Wants  a  place 
where  a  willing,  earnest  worker  would  he  appre¬ 
ciated.  “L.  A.  8.,"  care  Rural  New-Yorker. 

FARMER  WANTED-h™«SS‘S .“‘S; 

stands  all  farm  machinery  and  crops.  One  who  is 
willing  to  work  himself  and  properly  manage  a 
farm  about  thirty  miles  from  New  York  City.  State 
wages  required,  family,  nationality,  experience  and 
references.  “M.  M.„”  care  The  Rural  New-Yorker. 

FARM  MANAGER  WANTED 

Wanted— a  practical  Farm  Manager  of  executive 
ability:  thorough  knowledge  of  all  branches  of 
domestic  farming.  Must  have  good  references  as 
to  character  and  reliability.  State  age,  family  (if 
aim,  experience,  and  wages  required.  Address: 
R.  X.  L.,  150  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City. 


©io 


THE  RURAL*  NEW-YORKER 


September  9, 


FACTS  ABOUT  FEEDING  RAPE.  What  About  “The  Poor  Man’s  Cow?” 

C.  I.  Hunt  has  an  interesting  article  on  Last  year  we  printed  an  article  about 

rape  as  hog  pasture,  but  does  not  tell  us  milch  goats,  expressing  the  opinion  that 

how  he  prepares  his  pasture,  or  when  he  these  goats  would  prove  to  be  the  “poor 


turns  his  pigs  into  it.  H.  h.  D.  p. 

Rape,  like  everything  else,  will  pay 
for  every  dollar’s  worth  of  fertilizer  and 
work  that  is  put  on  to  the  crop.  Our 
rape  patch  is  an  old  orchard  that  has 
been  pastured  for  years,  is  a  sandy  loam, 
and  is  land  that  should  grow  almost 
any  kind  of  a  crop.  If  there  is  well- 
rotted  manure  enough  it  is  put  on  top 
and  well  harrowed  in ;  if  not,  it  is  well 
manured  before  plowing.  If  no  manure 
is  available  and  the  ground  is  well 
filled  with  humus,  rape  will  do  very  well 
with  a  good  dressing  of  a  high-grade 
fertilizer,  the  more  nitrogen  the  better, 
say  500  pounds  of  a  4-8-10  to  the  acre. 
The  seed  of  rape  is  very  small  and  as  so 
little  is  used  on  an  acre  the  ground 
should  be  harrowed  until  it  is  in  very 
fine  condition,  or  in  other  words,  in  such 
shape  that  it  would  be  a  pleasure  to 
plant  as  a  garden.  As  to  the  proper 
time  to  turn  into  the  rape  that  must  be 
determined  by  the  conditions.  If  it  is  to 
be  pastured  to  the  limit  of  growth,  it 
should  not  be  turned  to  pasture  until 
it  is  at  least  15  inches  high.  If  there 
is  less  to  pasture  and  the  growth  will 
be  more  than  the  amount  eaten,  it  can 
be  turned  into  when  much  smaller.  Care 
should  be  taken  not  to  pasture  too  close. 

This  inquiry  brings  to  mind  the  cau¬ 
tion  of  the  New  Jersey  reader  against 
going  crazy  over  the  rape  question. 
Many  letters  have  been  received  since 
the  article  appeared  in  The  R.  N.-Y. 
One  in  particular  attracted  my  attention. 
It  read  something  like  this,  “What  is 
the  use  of  writing  about  rape?  It  is 
just  like  a  turnip,  and  no  sheep  or  hog 
will  eat  a  turnip  unless  you  starve  them 
to  it.”  That  simply  shows  ignorance 
and  a  determination  not  to  learn.  In 
direct  contrast  is  a  letter  just  received 
saying :  “Last  season  I  pastured  four 
hogs  in  rape,  about  one-eighth  acre,  that 
when  sold  brought  $99 ;  no  grain ;  milk 
from  five  cows  after  going  through  sep¬ 
arator.  1  am  now  pasturing  five  on  same 
piece,  and  they  do  not  begin  to  eat  it  as 
fast  as  it  grows.”  This  man  knows 
how  to  raise  rape  as  well  as  to  get  the 
money  out  of  it  after  it  is  grown.  There 
is  a  man  in  this  town  who  will  not  try 
to  raise  Alfalfa  because  it  is  nothing  but 
a  small  kind  of  Sweet  clover,  as  he 
claims,  yet  there  are  a  number  of  men 
in  this  same  town  who  are  raising  from 
$30  to  $50  worth  on  an  acre  every  year. 
Don’t  go  crazy,  but  sow  rape  as  well  as 
Alfalfa.  c.  i.  hunt. 


man’s  cow.”  At  once  we  were  flooded  with 
letters  about  goats.  Several  hundred  peo¬ 
ple  wrote  asking  where  the  goats  could  be 
found,  with  all  sorts  of  questions  about 
them.  A  Goat  Breeders’  Association  was 
started  in  Connecticut,  but  we  found  it 
impossible  to  find  a  full  supply  of  goats 
for  the  people  who  called  for  them.  About 
that  time  a  wealthy  merchant  in  New  York 
had  a  herd  of  imporred  goats.  With  a 
view  to  help  the  cause  of  dairying,  he 
turned  this  herd  over  to  the  New  York 
Experiment  Station,  and  Dr.  W.  H.  Jordan, 
the  director,  began  a  systematic  experi¬ 
ment  to  determine  certain  things  about 
goat  dairying.  The  letters  about  goats 
continue  to  come  to  us,  and  we  have  asked 
Dr.  Jordan  about  the  experiment  in  the 
hope  that  we  could  satisfy  the  people  who 
talk  about  the  “poor  man’s  cow.”  Dr. 
Jordan  tells  us  that  they  are  not  yet 
ready  to  talk  definitely  about  the  goats. 
They  are  trying  to  find  out  two  things ; 
first,  the  cost  of  producing  goat’s  milk  as 
compared  with  cow’s  milk,  and  the  value 
of  the  milk  for  use  particularly  as  food 
for  children.  Many  wild  statements  have 
been  made  about  the  goats,  particularly 
regarding  the  amount  of  milk  they  will 
give  and  the  extraordinary  value  of  such 
milk  as  food  for  children  and  invalids. 
In  the  flock  of  goats  which  came  to  the 
station  there  were  some  good  purebred  ani¬ 
mals,  but  a  lot  of  very  inferior  ones.  They 
are  breeding  from  the  purebreds  exclu¬ 
sively,  and  now  have  a  nice  lot  of  young 
goats.  As  regards  their  milk-producing 
powers  Dr.  Jordan  says  that  they  have 
one  remarkable  goat.  In  the  first  year  of 
her  lactation  she  gave  1,189  pounds  of 
milk,  and  in  the  second  period  she  had 
given  as  high  as  six  quarts  a  day.  Other 
goats  in  tins  herd  have  given  eight  or  nine 
pounds  of  milk  day  after  day.  The  goats, 
however,  are  very  uneven,  not  only  in  their 
yield,  but  in  the  quality  of  their  milk.  It 
would  never  pay  to  buy  an  ordinarv  goat, 
on  the  theory  that  they  will  give  you  as 
much  milk  as  this  one  mentioned  above. 
Dr.  Jordan  has  found  a  general  impres¬ 
sion  that  when  one  knows  how  to  handle 
the  goats  their  milk  can  be  produced  at 
about  the  same  cost  as  cow’s  milk.  In 
order  to  do  this,  however,  you  would  have 
to  have  a  high  class  of  goats,  cheap  feed 
and  to  know  just  how  to  handle  them  to 
the  best  advantage. 

Nothing  will  be  published  in  the  way  of 
a  positive  statement  by  the  station  for  a 
year  or  two.  They  are  still  working  at 
the  problem.  It  seems  likely  that  the 
proper  place  for  milch  goats  will  be  as 
milk  supply  for  the  small  families  who 
have  only  a  little  piece  of  land.  The  milk 
is  also  useful  for  infants  which  are  not 
fed  on  a  natural  supply.  At  the  Geneva 
Station  the  goat’s  milk  is  now  supplied  to 
several  babies.  Later  it  is  hoped  to  make 
an  arrangement  to  supply  the  milk  to  some 
children's  institution  and  in  that  wav  get 
systematic  returns  for  comparison.  ‘  Do 
not,  however,  write  to  Dr.  Jordan  for  par¬ 
ticulars  about  goats.  He  cannot  tell  you 
any  more  than  we  have  said  here,  and  it 
will  simply  cause  him  annoyance  and  loss 
of  time  to  ask  further  questions  about  it. 
Just  as  soon  as  anything  definite  can  be 
said  we  will  give  you  the  facts. 


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BLACK  CHERRY  POISONS  CATTLE. 

Enclosed  find  newspaper  clipping  from  an 
Ohio  newspaper  on  subjects  of  general  in¬ 
terest  to  your  readers.  j.  c. 

Norwalk,  O. 

The  clipping  sent  with  this  letter  was 
from  the  Oberlin,  O.,  Tribune,  and  re¬ 
ferred  to  the  poisoning  of  four  animals 
which  had  eaten  black  cherry  branches 
when  browsing  in  pasture.  An  extra¬ 
ordinary  fact  connected  with  this  tree 
is  that  the  fresh  leaves  are  considered 
harmless,  but  wilting  liberates  a  form 
of  prussic  acid,  one  of  the  most  deadly 
of  poisons,  by  the  chemical  action  of 
non-poisonous  substances  present  in  the 
leaves.  The  poison  is  volatile,  and  dis¬ 
appears  in  a  short  time.  Thus  cases 
of  poisoning  ordinarily  result  where 
branches  are  broken  down  or  cut  off, 
and  eaten  by  the  cattle  while  wilting. 
The  symptoms  of  black  cherry  poison¬ 
ing  in  cattle  are  labored  respiration, 
diminished  pulse,  numbness,  fright,  pro¬ 
truding  eyeballs,  convulsions,  and  death 
from  paralysis  of  the  lungs.  In  some 
cases  there  is  frothing  at  the  mouth, 
and  there  is  always  a  noticeable  smell 
of  prussic  acid  in  the  breath.  There 
seems  no  possibility  of  saving  cattle 
thus  poisoned.  The  freshly  cut  branches 
of  the  tree  should  never  be  put  where 
cattle  can  gain  access  to  them,  and  al¬ 
though  the  black  cherry  is  a  handsome 
tree,  it  is  wise  to  keep  it  off  the  farm 
entirely  to  avoid  risk  of  accident. 
While  the  flesh  of  the  fruit  is  harmless, 
the  kernel  is  open  to  suspicion ;  cases 
are  on  record  where  children  have  died 
from  eating  the  kernel,  or  from 
swallowing  the  fruit  whole.  The  laurel 
cherry  of  the  South,  and  the  cherry 
laurel  of  Europe,  are  likewise  poison- 


Stop  Using 
Feed  Fop  Fertilizer 


Whole  com  in  your  animals’  droppings  indicates  that  a  part  of  the  feed  of  even  a 
r  .  healthy  animal  is  wasted  through  non-digestion.  Grinding  the  feed  fails  to  save  this  waste  and  the 
feeder  must  either  let  his  hogs  follow  up  the  6teers  and  eat  this  wasted  grain  or  be  content  to  realize  what  little 
he  can  from  it  as  fertilizer  Saving  a  part  of  this  wasted  feed  by  Improving  Digestion  is  known  as  “The  Dr  Hess 
Idea,  and  back  of  it  are  the  opinions  of  our  ablest  writers. 

DR.  HESS  STOCK  TONIC 

the  prescription  of  Dr.  Hess  (M.D.,  D.  V.  S.),  improves  digestion;  it  contains  iron,  the  greatest  of  all  blood  and  tissue 
builders,  acts  mildly  on  the  kidneys,  regulates  the  bowels,  also  expels  worms  and  relieves  the  minor  stock  aLenS 
As  proof  that  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Tonic  does  all  these  things  just  show  the  formula  on  the  label  to  your  family  phvsS 

mom  and  Shi  S  “  *  g°°d  raU°n  P°°rly  digestecL  ImProved  digestio"  insures  mo^rowth. 

Our  proposition.  You  get  of  your  dealer  a  25  lb.  pail  of 
Dr.  Hess.  Stock  Tonic  at  $1.60,  or  100  lbs.  at  $5.00 
(except  in  Canada  and  extreme  West  and  South).  Use  it 
all  winter  and  spring.  If  it  doesn’t  pay  you  and  pay  you 
well,  get  your  money  back.  Every  pound  sold  on  this 
guarantee.  If  your  dealer  can’t  supply  you,  we  will. 


Free  from  the  ist  to  the  loth  of  each  month— Dr.  Hess 
(M.D.,  D.  V.S.)  wili  prescribe  for  your  ailing  animals. 
96  page  Veterinary  Book  free  for  the  asking. 

“-  Mention  this  paper  and  include  2c  stamp.  ^ 


1. 


DR.  HESS  &  CLARK 

Ashland,  Ohio 


k-'~ 


DR.  HESS  POULTRY  PAN-A-CE-A.  A  scientific  fowl  tonic,  prepared  by  Dr.  Hess  to 
make  hens  lay  more  eggs.  It  acts  beneficially  on  the  digestive  organs,  keeps  the  egg  organisms  active,  contains 
nitrates  to  drive  out  poisons,  and  iron  to  build  up  the  system.  It  fattens  broilers  quickly,  helps  chicks  to  maturity,  cures 
minor  fowl  ailments.  Very  economical—  a  penny’s  worth  feeds  30  fowls  per  day. 

IX  lbs.  25c  ;  mail  or  express  40c.  5  lbs.  60c  ;  12  lbs  $1.25 ;  25  lb.  pail  $2.50. 

(Except  in  Canada  and  the  Extreme  West  and  South.)  • 


ous,  and  we  would  observe  similar  pre¬ 
cautions  with  the  choke  cherry. 


HSISTANT  LOUSE  KILLER  KILLS  LICE 


1911. 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


©11 


M  I  L  K. 

The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.61 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  3^4  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


Five  members  of  the  English  Guernsey 
Cattle  Club  are  preparing  to  compete  for 
prizes  at  the  National  Dairy  Show,  Chi¬ 
cago.  October  26-November  4.  There  will 
be  13  cattle,  four  each  from  the  herds  of 
Sir  Everard  Hambro  and  Sir  Joseph  Tech- 
bourne,  and  two  each  from  Sir  Henry  Len- 
nard  and  Canon  Farrar  ;  and  one  from  Lord 
Falmouth. 


Thank  you  for  the  side  you  take  with  the 
people  and  against  the  fakers  or  get-rich- 
quick  schemes.  There  is  something  almost 
as  bad.  if  not  worse,  around  us — the  so- 
called  tenant  farming.  The  landlords,  most 
of  whom  have  one  or  more  farms  to  rent, 
care  nothing  for  their  property  so  long  as 
they  get  the  rent,  as  it  is  almost  always 
cash  rent.  Dairying  and  trucking  is  done 
on  our  market.  Scranton  milk  is  handled 
by  several  companies.  Prices  differ  with 
different  months,  varying  from  two  cents 
to  three  and  one-quarter  cents,  and  when  a 
farm,  say,  large  enough  to  keep  25  cows, 
will  cost  $400  and  taxes,  it  makes  one  feel 
like  going  somewhere  else.  J.  L.  M. 

Pennsylvania. 


The  milk  from  this  section  is  all  shipped 
from  Onativia  Station  to  Newark,  N.  J. 
The  price  for  the  last  year  has  been  as 
follows :  For  the  six  months  beginning 

October,  1,  10  cents  a  can  less  than  the 
New  York  Exchange  price,  and  for  the 
six  months  beginning  April  1  16  cents  less 
than  the  New  York  Exchange  price.  Feed 
of  all  kinds  is  very  high  ;  bran,  gluten 
and  corn  meal  ranging  from  $28  to  $30  per 
ton.  Cows  have  been  high  for  the  last 
year,  $75  to  $85  for  good  ones,  but  are 
a  little  cheaper  now,  as  a  great  many 
are  reducing  their  herds  because  of  the 
scarcity  of  hay.  The  milk  from  this  sta¬ 
tion  has  always  been  handled  by  Seiler 
Bros.,  of  Newark.  N.  J.  H.  G.  F. 

La  Fayette,  N.  Y. 


Cost  of  Milk. — At  the  Canton.  N.  Y., 
agricultural  school,  figures  were  made  to 
show  the  cost  of  keeping  nine  cows  and 
one  bull  for  one  year.  Here  is  the  state¬ 
ment  : 

Value  of  grain  feed . $369.78 

Value  of  farm  produce .  564.83 

Value  of  pasture . 60.00 

Value  of  labor .  309.16 

Depreciation  of  herd . '.  .  .  .  110.00 

•  _ 

$1,413.77 

The  income  is  given  as  follows : 

87.229  pounds  of  milk  at  $1.59. . $1,386.94 

Calves  sold  .  15.00 

Value  of  manure .  262.35 


$1,664.29 

From  these  figures  the  following  state¬ 
ment  is  made : 

Per  100. 


Cost  of  producing  milk . $1,493 

Average  selling  price . . .  1.59 

Profit  from  herd . 250.52 

Profit  per  cow .  27.83 


Those  were  good  grade  Holstein  cows. 
They  averaged  9,692  pounds  each,  this 
being  far  above  the  average.  Yet  we  see 
that  if  the  estimated  value  of  the  manure 
is  taken  out  they  ran  nearly  $12  behind. 
Thus  If  a  man  keeping  these  cows  were 
to  pay  himself  hired  man’s  labor  he  would 
be  obliged  to  take  profit  or  interest  on 
investment  out  of  what  he  could  get  from 
the  manure.  Take  the  year  through,  it 
is  doubtful  if  the  average  farmer  would 
receive  over  three  cents  per  quart  for  his 
milk.  With  cows  giving  less  than  these 
cows  gave  the  cost  per  quart  or  pound 
would  be  higher  than  here  stated.  Can 
any  farmer  make  good  milk  for  less  than 
three  cents  per  quart  through  the  year 
and  pay  himself  fair  wages? 


Milk  Regulation  in  Massachusetts. 

There  has  been  much  discussion  by  all 
parties  interested  in  regard  to  getting  some 
laws  passed  by  the  Legislature  which  would 
regulate  the  milk  business  in  this  State, 
and  in  fact  all  milk  which  would  come  into 
Boston  market,  in  a  fair  manner  both  to 
the  producer  and  consumer.  Rome  laws 
have  been  passed  which  did  not  settle  the 
matter  down,  but  rather  kept  it  stirred  up, 
and  seemed  to  favor  others  rather  than 
producer  and  consumer.  Finally  two  bills 
were  framed :  one  called  the  Howard  bill 
was  considered  by  the  producers  to  ne  fair 
to  all  parties.  This  put  a  commission  in 
charge.  It  would  consist  of  three  members 
of  the  health  board  and  three  members  of 
the  State  Board  of  Agriculture.  Under  this 
bill,  if  it  became  a  law,  the  two  most  in¬ 
terested  parties  would  have  about  equal 
representation.  The  Consumers’  League  did 
not  like  this  bill,  because  it  gave  agricul¬ 
tural  interests  too  much  say  on  the  ques¬ 
tion.  They  wished  to  have  the  whole  say 
about  the  matter,  so  by  persistent  work 
and  lobbying  had  the  second  or  Ellis  bill 
substituted  for  the  Howard  bill.  This  bill 
called  for  a  commission  of  five,  two  per¬ 
sons  who  had  had  experience  in  the  pro¬ 
duction  of  milk,  one  sanitarian  and  two 
doctors,  to  form  laws  and  regulations  to 
be  executed  and  enforced  by  the  State 
Board  of  Health,  they  to  have  full  power 
to  settle  and  decide  all  questions  and  con¬ 
ditions,  and  no  appeal  could  be  made  from 
their  decision.  They  would  have  power  to 
take  any  action  they  chose,  and  no  one, 
not  even  the  Governor,  would  have  any 
power  to  question  their  decision  or  inter¬ 
fere  in  any  way.  We  believed  such  power 
as  this  to  be  unsafe.  We  believed  they 
would  discriminate  and  tie  us  up  so  that 
we  would  be  put  out  of  business,  as  they 
proposed  to  bring  about  such  reforms  as 
they  saw  fit  without  any  extra  cost  to  the 
consumer  in  price  of  milk. 

These  laws  would  also  apply  to  and  con¬ 
trol  the  milk  sold  in  all  towns  and  cities 
In  the  State.  The  local  boards  would  have 
no  say  about  their  own  milk  supply,  hut 
would  take  their  orders  from  headquarters. 

e  believe  each  town  and  city  is  able  and 
should  manage  their  own  local  supply.  We 
also  believe  we  have  not  bad  fair  and  im¬ 
partial  treatment  in  the  past  from  the 
State  Board  of  Health.  Any  person  who 


wished  to  sell  milk  must  first  get  per¬ 
mission  from  the  State  Board  of  Health. 
After  much  discussion  this  bill  finally 
passed  both  branches  of  the  Legislature 
and  went  to  the  Governor,  who  did  not  con¬ 
sider  it  a  safe  bill  to  become  a  law  in 
Massachusetts,  so  urged  on  by  the  per¬ 
sistent  kicks  of  the  farmers  he  vetoed  and 
sent  it  back  to  be  voted  on  again.  The 
farmers  were  now  fully  awake  to  the  situa¬ 
tion.  and  individually  and  collectively  they 
urged  their  representatives  to  vote  against 
it.  The  State  and  Subordinate  Granges 
took  up  the  work  also,  and  the  bill  failed 
to  get  the  necessary  two-thirds  vote  in  the 
House,  and  so  was  killed. 

The  Consumers'  League  consists  of  a 
certain  class  of  people  who  have  time  to 
kill  on  their  hands,  and  have  taken  up  this 
matter  of  better  milk  as  a  fad.  thinking 
they  are  doing  a  great  work.  They  demand 
that  the  farmer  produce  bettor  and  cleaner 
milk  at  no  greater  cost  to  the  consumer. 
As  the  farmer  is  now  producing  good  milk, 
as  the  rule  far  better  in  most  cases  than 
he  is  being  paid  for.  I  do  not  see  how 
satisfactory  results  can  be  obtained  unless 
a  reasonable  plan,  fair  to  all  parties,  is 
worked  out,  and  the  producer  is  able  to 
obtain  a  living  price  for  what  he  produces. 
If  this  same  Consumers’  League  has  money 
to  spare,  as  I  believe  they  have,  they  might 
use  some  to  good  advantage  by  establish¬ 
ing  and  running  a  receiving  and  distribut¬ 
ing  station  for  the  sale  of  good  milk  in 
Boston,  run  the  same  at  cost,  and  pay  the 
producer,  who  is  willing  to  come  lip  to 
their  standard  of  perfection  in  production, 
a  reasonable  price  for  doing  so.  and  sell  to 
the  poorer  class  of  consumers  at  cost  of 
production  and  delivering.  They  would  in¬ 
deed  be  doing  something  to  be  approved  of, 
and  would  find  the  farmers  willing  to  meet 
them  half  way.  a.  e.  proctor'. 


Garget. 

I  have  a  good  cow  which  has  a  swollen 
milk  vein ;  seems  to  do  no  harm  as  far  as 
the  passage  of  the  flow  of  milk  is  concerned, 
but  it  is  sore.  When  I  am  treating  it  I 
rub  it  with  camphorated  oil,  but  it  is  still 
swollen  yet :  her  milk  has  white  threads  in 
it  sometimes.  She  gives  three  gallons  of 
strained  milk  per  day,  has  now  been  fresh 
14  months.  She  runs  out  on  the  commons. 
She  has  given  five  gallons  of  milk  per  day 
until  the  weather  got  so  warm,  and  looks 
fine.  She  coughs  of  a  morning  sometimes, 
and  she  has  a  lump  iu  one  of  her  teats;  she 
gave  bloody  milk  out  of  that  teat  when 
her  last  calf  was  young.  Is  it  dangerous  to 
use  her  milk?  j.  e.  l. 

West  Virginia. 

The  ■“milk  veins”  carry  blood  away  from 
the  udder ;  not  milk.  The  symptoms  de¬ 
scribed  so  strongly  suggest  the  presence  of 
tuberculosis  affecting  the  cow  and  her  udder 
that  _  we  would  not  feel  justified  in  pre¬ 
scribing  treatment.  The  milk  from  a  tuber¬ 
culous  udder  is  dangerous  to  man  and  ani¬ 
mals.  Have  her  tested  with  tuberculin. 

A.  s.  A. 


/\BSORBlNE 


Cures  Strained,  Puffy  Ankles, 
Lymphangitis,  Poll  JEvll,  Fistula, 
Boils,  Sores,  Wire  Cuts,  Bruises, 
Swellings,  Lameness,  and  allays 
Pain  quickly  without  Blistering, 

_ removing  the  hair,  or  laying  the  horse 

Before  After  SR-,  Pleasant  to  use.  $2.00  per  bottle, 
delivered.  Describe  your  case  foi 
special  Instructions  and  Book  5  K  free. 

AKSOBBINE,  JE.,  liniment  for  mankind.  Foi 
Strain*.  Painful,  Knotted,  Swollen  Veins,  Milk  Leg. 
Gout,  Price  $1.00  per  bottle  at  dealers  or  delivered. 

W.F.YOUNG,  P.D.F.,  88  Temple  St.,  Sprl ngfield,  Mass. 


A  DIP  THAT  DOES  THE  WORK 

WITHOUT  INJURY 

TO  THE  ANIMAL  OR  FLEECE 
NO  BURNING  OF  THE  FIBRES; 
NO  STAINING;  NO  POISONING; 
NO  SICKENING. 

WHY  USE  DIPS  THAT  HAVE  THESE  DESTRUCTIVE 
AND  DANGEROUS  QUALITIES T  WHY  EXPERIMENT 
WITH  UNKNOWN  PREPARATIONS’ 


INEXPENSIVE,  EASY  TO  USE 


PERMITTED  BY  THE  U.S  DEPARTMENT  OF 
AGRICULTURE  FOR  THE  OFFICIAL  DIPPING 
OF  SHEEP  FOR  SCAB  -5!S=r^ 

FOR  SALE  BY  ALL  DRUGGISTS 

WE  HAVE  BOOKLETS  GIVING  FULL  DIRECTIONS 
FOR  USE  ALSO  MANY  VALUABLE  HINTS  ON 
HANDLING  SHEEP.  WRITE  FOR  FREE  COPIES 

Parke,  Davis  &Co 

-v.  DEPARTMENT  Of  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY 

(  \  DETROIT,  MICH. 


United  States  Cream  Separator 
With  Individual  Electric 
Motor  Attachment 


This  convenient,  compact,  economical  electric  motor  drive  arrangement  is  another 
forward  step  in  United  States  Separator  advancement.  Any  dairy  size  can  be  thus 


equipped  if  specified  when 
ordering.  The  extra  cost 
is  very  nominal. 


Separators  are  supplied 
with  motors  for  either 
direct  or  alternating  cur¬ 
rents.  The  motor  can  be 
instantly  connected  to  any 
regular  electric  light 
socket.  Crank  can  also 
he  attached  at  same  time 
if  desired. 


Everybody  knows 
that  the  name 


UNITED  STATES 

on  a 

Cream  Separator 


is  an  absolute  guarantee  of  su¬ 
perior  quality,  long  service  and 
absolute  satisfaction. 

Send  for  Catalog  No.  159 

^Vermont  Farm  Machine  Co.^ 

Bellows  Falls,  Vermont 


Distributincr  Warehouses 


L 


iry  section. 


in  every 


The  United  States  Separator  holds  the  World’s  Record 
for  close  skimming  made  in  50  consecutive  runs,  with  10 
different  breeds  of  cows,  lasting  a  period  of  30  days. 


Vermont  Farm  Machine  Co.,  Bellows  Falls,  Vt. 


Save  Money  On 

Your'  Ensilage  Cutter 

Don’t  decide  till  you  get  our  prices  and 

furls  to  prove  absolutely  In . .  I 

quality.  No  other  silage  cutter  cute  en- 

silage  ojkI  dry  fodder  so  quickly ,  on  so  little  power 

at  so  little  cost  as  the  world-famous 

Gale-Baldwin 

and  we  want  to  prove  it  to  you.  Furnished  with  elevators 
to  till  the  highest  silos.  Safety  fly  wheel,  safety  treadle  lever. 

Cut  4  different  lengths,  cut  fastest,  feed  easiest.  With  or 
without  traveling  feed  table.  Don't  wait l  Write  now  for 
prices  and  Free  Book  of  Facts.  Address 


mi  m 

MilarW 

t  Aim 
'll' »  m 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOR 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 
GUARANTEED  MONEY-SAVING 


INTERNATIONAL 

SILOS 


strongest  built,  simplest  to  put  up  and  easiest  operated 
on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take-up  hoop- 
continuous  open-door  front— air-tight  door  and  per¬ 
manent  ladder  are  some  of  the  unusual  features.  Tk« 

latcrmatlynM  811  o  C q*  1»5  M§Am  bt.»  JUamtUI*.  Bto 

Licensed  under  Harder  Patent  an  Hound  Silos. 


THE  UNADILLA  SILO 

IS  THE  SENSATION  OF 
THE  AGRICULTURAL  WORLD 

Because  it  ban  continuous  opening 
from  bottom  to  top. 

Becauae  it  has  ladder  formed  by 
fasteners,  with  Tounds  15  inches  apart. 

Because  hoops  are  stronger  than 
others. 

W rile  for  catalogue  describing  the 
above  features  and  testimonials,  ami 
our  “TWENTY-FIVE  REASONS.” 

We  also  manufacture  Farm  Water 
Tubs  and  are  New  England  representa¬ 
tives  for  Papec  Cutters  and  are  in  pos¬ 


ition  to  quote  low  prices  upon  receipt  of  inquiry. 
Extra  discount  for  early  orders.  Agents  wanted. 

The  Unadilla  Silo  Co..  Inc.,  Box  B.  Unadilla,  N.  Y. 


GREEN  MOUNTAIN  SILOS 


Write  TODAY  for  Booklet  to 
CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MANUFACTURING  CO 
^38  West  St.,  Rutland,  Vt. 


Everlasting  Tile  Silo 

Made  of  best  Ohio  clay 

Hard  burnt,  salt  glazed 
No  more  frozen  ensilage 
No  more  door  jams  to  rot 
Will  withstand  high  winds 
Never  needs  painting 
Absolutely  indestructible 
Never  needs  repairs 

Any  handy  man  who  can 
hand  lea  trowel  can  set 
up  tlie  tile.  They  are  self- 
centering.  Simple  in  con¬ 
struction.  Absolutely  air¬ 
tight  and  sanitary.  Being 
hollow  t  ile,thereis  no  fear 
of  ptomaine  poison.  We 
have  experimented  for 
[uiuinjuTiiin  m  III,  several  years  before  put- 
IIIP  llI  ting  this  tile  silo  on  the 
market,  and  feel  that  it 
cannot  he  improved  upon. 

W rite  for  prices  and  further  information 

National  Fire  Proofing  Co.,  Canton,  Ohio 


OHIO® 


Cuts  5Tons  in 

10  Minutes/^?^ 


/ 


JULY -7-1 90  3. 


AND  this  tremendous  capacity  is  kept  up  da 
ow^c/Zinch  cut.  Yet  the  speed . 
_  .  *v®  DIIIO  is  slow— preventing  explosion 
.  h  s  the  scientific  principle  < 

—combined  with  wonderful  strength  i 

niatenals  and  careful  construction  that  maki 
them  so  efficient  and  durable.  No  matter  ho 
last  you  feed,  the  silage  can’t  wind  around  tt 
r° IS*‘or  ba,?k’  The  sectional  lower  rolh 
and  Bull  Dog”  grip  prevents  this.  Let  us  ti 
Y?yU?JJ„  about  this  feature  and  many  othi 
OHIO  advantages.  Let  us  send  you  our 

Fine  Book  On  Silage  Cutters  Fre 

—112  pages.  ,  Tells  about  complete  “OHIO 
line— a  style  and  size  to  meet  your  needs.  Shov 
many  photo-illustrations  and  reproduces  lettei 
from  many  farmers  as  well  as  from  bighe 
authorities  at  Colleges  and  Experiment  Station 
Don  t  deeide  till  you  read  this  guide-book  I 
the  right  machines.  It’s  free.  Address 
SULVEB  MFG.  CO.,  SALEM,  OHf 


©12 


THE  RUR.A.K  NEW-YOKKEK 


September  9, 


The  Henyard. 


Liars  About  Layers. 

There  has  been  a  sudden  outburst  of  ”hen 
notes”  in  the  daily  papers  lately.  Perhaps  it 
is  due  to  the  “hot  wave.”  At  any  rate 
here  are  a  few  about  “Business  Hens” : 

A  man  at  Tar ry town. N.  Y.,  claims  a  hen 
which  brings  him  his  pipe  every  night  after 
supper.  She  then  takes  a  match  in  her  beak 
and  hands  it  to  him  to  light ! 

A  N.  Y.  doctor  is  said  to  have  saved  his 
life  by  swallowing  18  eggs.  lie  drank  a 
solution  of  bichloride  of  mercury  by  mis¬ 
take.  “The  physician  immediately  shouted 
to  his  wife,  who  was  dressing  his  two  chil¬ 
dren,  and  Mrs.  Grosner  broke  one  egg  after 
another  and  gave  them  to  him  until  he  had 
swallowed  the  whites  of  18.  At  this  time 
he  was  lying  on  a  couch  suffering  agonies.” 

A  woman  in  Connecticut  lost  a  valuable 
pearl  and  is  convinced  that  one  of  a  flock 
of  hens  swallowed  it.  This  flock  has  been 
sold  and  the  woman  is  chasing  up  all  traces 
of  them — trying  to  buy  every  bird.  What 
a  chance  for  a  novel  writer! 

A  Pennsylvania  man  lias  found  that  his 
liens  will  eat  chopped  tobacco  stems.  His 
scheme  is  to  keep  them  at  it  until  hen 
lice  will  shun  them,  and  then  advertise  a 
new  breed  of  vermin-proof  hens. 

A  Massachusetts  hen  tripped  over  a  bum¬ 
blebee's  nest,  got  a  case  of  bumble  foot,  and 
is  expected  to  lay  eggs  containing  a  quan¬ 
tity  of  fine  honey. 

A  California  Leghorn  is  said  to  have 
hatched  a  chick  with  three  wings  and  four 
feet :  “So  great  a  freak  is  the  chick  that 
immediately  after  it  was  hatched  the  old 
hen  left  her  nest  and  refused  to  have  any¬ 
thing  to  do  with  it.  The  third  leg  is  set 
in  the  middle  of  the  body  immediately  back 
of  the  other  two,  which  arc  in  their  normal 
position.  The  extra  leg  also  has  a  fully 
formed  extra  foot.” 


A  Utility  Poultry  Test. 

The  “North  American”  of  Philadelphia 
is  responsible  for  a  great  poultry  test  or 
contest  which  will  start  November  1  at 
the  Connecticut  Agricultural  College.  There 
will  be  room  for  100  pens  of  birds  and 
many  entries  have  already  been  made.  Prof. 
A.  A.  Brigham,  one  of  the  managers,  says : 

“Every  pen  of  layers  will  be  housed  in 
similar  quarters,  fed  alike,  except  as  to 
quantity,  on  a  dry  mash  and  dry  grains, 
green  food,  etc. 

“The  simplest  practices  will  obtain  for 
the  purposes  of  economical  operation. 
With  low  labor  cost,  high  egg  yield  and 
maximum  market  for  eggs,  the  competi¬ 
tion  will  give  more  valuable  data  to  poul- 
trv  men  than  can  result  from  individual 
effort. 

“While  it  is  generally  admitted  that  sci¬ 
ence  has  not,  and  may  never,  successfully 
determine  the  proper  ration  for  any  living 
thing,  it  is  also  admitted  that  certain  ra¬ 
tions  produce  better  results  than  nature 
has,  when  nature  furnishes  the  ration  in 
an  environment  opposed  to  artificiality  and 
reproduction  of  species  is  the  instinctive 
objective.  The  combined  experience  of  the 
advisory  board  will  lend  Itself  strongly 
for  success  in  this  undertaking,  every  de¬ 
tail  of  which  will  have  behind  it  matured 
thought  resulting  from  close  connection 
with  the  largest  gatherers  and  dissemina¬ 
tors  of  poultry  knowledge  extant,  and  with 
investigators  who  have  become  well  known 
through  accuracy  of  results  obtained.” 


which  are  worth  nearly  as  much  more.  It 
is  presumed  that  the  feed  for  the  chicks  ,is 
included  in  the  feed  bill  given,  and  as  that 
is  deducted  from  the  egg  account,  the  chicks 
are  clear  gain,  to  be  added  to  the  profit 
on  eggs.  This  season  seems  to  have  been  a 
very  poor  one  for  hatching.  Very  few  peo¬ 
ple  report  good  hatches,  though  of  course 
there  are  exceptions.  The  hatch  given 
above  is  not  very  far  below  the  average 
this  year.  My  best  hatch  was  120  chicks 
from  180  eggs,  hatched  'n  an  incubator. 
It  must  be  remembered  that  the  seven 
months’  report  given  is  for  the  best  lay¬ 
ing  part  of  the  year;  the  five  months  to 
come  will  not  show  as  much  profit,  al¬ 
though  it  will  be  the  time  when  eggs  are 
highest  in  price.  geo.  a.  cosgiiove. 


Market  for  Hen  Manure. 

Is  hen  manure  sold  to  fertilizing  firms, 
or  are  there  other  buyers?  a.  w.  h. 

New  York. 

Dealers  in  fertilizers  do  not  usually  buy 
hen  manure.  It  varies  too  much  in  com¬ 
position.  and  is  too  bulky  to  use  except  as 
a  “filler.”  The  pure  manure  is  sometimes 
bought  by  tanners,  but  in  the  great  major¬ 
ity  of  cases  it  will  pay  best  to  use  it  to 
grow  crops  for  feeding  the  hens,  or  in  an 
orchard. 


Don’t  Mix  Them. — It  is  not  a  good  plan 
to  keep  pullets  and  mature  hens  together 
in  the  same  flock,  if  we  wish  to  get  plenty 
of  Winter  eggs.  Laying  pullets  require  and 
consume  with  advantage  an  amount  of  food 
that  will  quickly  overfatten  the  liens,  and 
the  fat  lien  lays  poorly  or  not  at  all.  When 
layers  of  all  sorts  and  ages  are  housed  and 
fed  together,  either  the  pullets  will  get  too 
little  or  the  hens  will  get  too  much,  and  in 
either  case  we  diminish  egg  production,  and 
are  apt  to  injure  some  of  the  flock.  Over¬ 
feeding  is  to  be  avoided  in  fowls  of  ell 
ages,  but  it  is  much  easier  to  overfeed  the 
mature  bird  than  the  growing  pullet.  The 
tendency  to  take  on  fat  is  common  in  the 
yearlings  and  older  hens  of  all  kinds,  being 
most  marked  in  the  larger  and  heavier 
breeds.  In  order  to  avoid  overfeeding  one 
must  take  a  good  many  other  conditions 
into  account.  Each  must  study  his  birds 
and  learn  the  details  of  management  for 
himself.  Their  behavior  at  feeding  time  is 
a  good  indication  of  the  amount  of  food  that 
should  lie  given.  If  they  are  eager  and 
lively  all  goes  well ;  if  they  move  about 
slowly  and  show  indifference  the  amount 
of  the  ration  should  be  cut  down.  Breed 
should  be  considered,  the  active,  hustling 
Leghorn  will  dispose  of  more  grain  in  pro¬ 
portion  to  its  size  and  weight  than  the 
slow-going  Cochin.  Then  the  kind  of  food 
that  forms  the  bulk  of  the  ration  is  an 
item  of  importance.  Look  out  for  the  fat¬ 
tening  effects  of  corn.  Too  much  fat  puts 
an  end  to  laying  and  it  is  the  cause  of 
much  ill  health  and  some  deaths  in  the 
poultry  house  in  the  Winter. 

Pennsylvania  wm.  r.  fisher. 


“MEN  WHO  KNOW 


USE  THE 


Why  should  YOU  experiment  or 
take  chances  with  anything  else  ? 


THE  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  CO. 


165-167  BROADWAY, 
NEW  YORK. 


29  E.  MADISON  ST 
CHICAGO. 


A  Record  of  Laying. 

.Tanua'rv  1,  1911,  I  bad  70  hens.  I  killed 
and  sold ‘25  hens  between  January  1  and 
May  30 ;  bought  32  hens  between  .Tune  1 
and  July  31.  From  January  1  to  July  31 
inclusive  I  have  received  5.250  eggs.  The 
largest  month’s  yield  was  April,  1.024 
eggs;  average  yield  750  eggs  per  month. 
What  do  you  think  of  this  egg  yield?  Is 
it  good,  bad,  or  about  the  average?  My 
grain  Dill  figures  up  to  $57.53  for  the  seven 
months,  or  an  average  of  $8.21  per  month. 
How  does  this  compare  with  the  average 
cost?  I  set  14  hens  with  13  eggs,  which 
equals  182  eggs ;  I  got  84  chickens,  lost 
two.  My  first  hatch  was  April  20 ;  the 
cockerels’  are  crowing ;  the  pullets  will 
weigh  about  three  or  3%  pounds;  breed, 
Plymouth  Rock,  Barred  and  White  Wyan- 
dottes,  size  about  the  same. 

What  do  you  think  of  the  size  and  weight 
to  date?  How  good  was  the  hatch  com¬ 
pared  to  the  eggs  set.  I  use  the  open- 
front  coop  system  and  keep  the  hoppers 
full  of  dry  mash  and  grain,  with  plenty  of 
fresh  water  at  all  times.  I  am  watching 
with  much  interest  the  hen  contest.  Mr. 
Dougan  had  rather  hard  luck  with  his 
chickens,  but  Mr.  Dougan  wasn’t  alone  in 
the  hatching  being  poor.  We  had  the  same 
trouble  out  here  in  Blackstone  Valley.  My 
opinion  for  some  of  the  trouble  was  wet 
and  cold  weather.  J.  s. 

Uxbridge,  Mass. 

The  above  cannot  be  called  very  good 
laying;  as  near  as  one  can  estimate  from 
the  figures  given  it  is  not  far  from  11 
eggs  per  hen  per  month,  or  a  little  over 
one  egg  in  each  three  days  per  lien.  But 
allowance  must  be  made  for  the  fact  that 
both  breeds  kept  are  sitters,  and  some  time 
was  lost  by  broody  hens,  besides  the  14 
hens  that  were  set  and  raised  chicks.  Taken 
all  together  the  output  is  not  far  from  the 
general  average. 

The  feed  cost  is  all  right,  just  about 
what  it  should  be  with  good  feeding.  Es¬ 
timating  the  eggs  received  at  30  cents  a 
dozen,  the  profit  for  the  seven  months  would 
be  $73.72,  or  over  $1  per  hen,  and  this  is 
in  addition  to  the  value  of  the  82  chicks, 


Farmers’  Handy  Wagon 
at  a  Low  Price 


Absolutely  the  best  wagon  built  for  every  kind 
of  heavy  teaming.  Low  steel  wheels,  wide  tires. 
Will  last  a  lifetime  without  repairs. 


STEEL  WHEELS 

for  farm  wagons 
—any  size  to  lit 
any  axle.  Send 
for  our  free 
booklet  before 
you  buy  a  wagon 
or  a  set  of  wheels. 

EMPIRE  MFG.  CO.,  Box  9G-L  Quincy,  III, 


Sure  Shoe 
Satisfaction 
for  the 
Farmer 

WRITEus  to-day  forfull  information  of 
the  Haskin-Granger  Shoes  and  learn 
what  the  best  work  shoe  for  the  farmer  is  like. 
Farmers  who  have  already  done  so  have  pro¬ 
nounced  them  “The  greatest  shoe  value  that 
money  can  procure.”  Y  ou  will  do  likewise,  for 
every  pair  is  made  in  the  good,  old,  reliable  way 
right  in  our  own  factory  under  expert  super¬ 
vision.  By  selling  to  you  direct  we  save  you  the 
dealer’s  profit  and  give  you  greater  value.  The 


HASKIN-GRANGER  SHOE 

combines  perfect  comfort  with  durability.  The 
uppers  and  vamps  are  made  of  old-fashioned 
French  kip,  oil-tanned  moose  and  chrome  water¬ 
proof  leathers.  Soft  and  pliable,  yet  wear  like 
iron.  Soles,  inside  and  out,  are  first  quality 
hemlock-tanned  steer’s  hide  firmly  fastened 
with  brass  screws  or  old-fashioned  maple  pegs. 
No  stitches  to  rot  or  nails  to  rust.  Write  for 
illustrations  of  styles,  descriptions  and  prices. 
Your  money  back  if  not  satisfied.  References: 
Citizens’  Trnst  Co.,  Utica,  N.  Y.,  or  any  other 
bank  in  Utica. 

Express  paid  on  orders  east  of  the  Mississippi. 

The  Haskln  Shoe  Mfg.  Co. 

115  Meadow  St.,  Stittvllle,  N.  Y. 


A  M  ATITE  roofing  is  weaned, 
4Y  It  doesn’t  need  to  bf 


_ _ _ _  be 

watched  over  and  fussed  with 
and  cared  for. 

It  takes  care  of  itself  from 
the  start.  As  soon  as  it  is  laid 
on  your  roof,  you  can  go  away 
and  forget  about  it. 

You  don’t  have  to  paint  Am- 
atite  every  two  years  as  you 
do  the  “rubber”  kinds.  Am- 
atite  has  a  mineral  surface 
which  needs  no  painting. 

The  mineral  surface  is  better 
and  more  durable  than  many 
coats  of  paint. 

Back  of  the  mineral  surface 
is  a  layer  of  pitch,  the  greatest 
waterproofing  compound 
known.  Back  of  the  pitch  is  a 
layer  of  felt  (a  whole  ready 
roofing  in  itself),  and  behind 
this  is  another  layer  of  pitch 


Roofing 


Needs  No  Painting 


and  another  layer  of  felt.  The 
result  is  a  strong,  durable  roof 
which  can  take  care  of  itself  in 
any  climate  without  painting. 

We  will  be  glad  to  send  you 
free  a  sample  of  Amatite  Roof¬ 
ing  so  that  you  can  see  for 
yourself  j  ust  what  i  t  looks  like. 

Address  our  nearest  office. 

Ever  jet  Elastic  Paint 

Low  in  price.  Great  in  durability. 
Invaluable  for  prolonging  the  life  of 
ready  roofings,  fences,  iron  work,  etc. 

Creonoid 

It  will  keep  flies  away  from  the 
cows.  It  will  keep  lice  and  nits  away 
from  the  poultry,  .make  everything 
Banitary  and  increase  their  output. 

Barrett  Manufacturing  Co. 

New  York  Chicago  Philadelphia 

Boston  St.  Louis  Cleveland 

Pittsburg  Cincinnati  Kansas  City 
Minneapolis  New  Orleans  Seattle 


-Milk-Fed  Chickens- 

Grow  more  rapidly  than  "the  ordinary  kind.”  Are  healthier,  plumper  and  better  layers. 

They  make  the  better  quality  of  meat  and  sell  at  the  highest  prices. 

You  can  raise  milk-fed  chickens  with  less  than  one-half  the  expense  of  feeding  them  milk  if  you  feed  them 

BLATCHFORD’S  CALF  MEAL 

(  The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute  for  Raising  Calves) 

• 

Endorsed  by  thousands  of  our  customers  who  raise  chickens. 

One  poultryman  says:  “The  greatest  snap  in  chicken  raising  I  ever  heard  about.” 

Get  full  particulars  today  at  your  dealers,  or  address 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory  (Established  1800)  Waukegan,  Illinois 


Looks  Good  to  You! 


It's  a  Home  Wagon— 

The  Parsons“Low-Down” 

Takes  out  your  milk  in  the  morning  and  gets 
you  safely  home  again.  Ask  for  Catalog  “D.” 

THE  PARSONS  WAGON  COMPANY 

Dairy  Dept.  EARLVILLE,  N.  Y. 

HARVEY  BOLSTER  SPRINGS 

Soon  save  their  cost.  Make  every  wagon  a  spring/ 
a  wagon,  therefore  fruit,  vegetables,  eggs,  etc.,  | 

J  bring  more  money.  Ask  for  special  proposition.  I 

R iUrrey  bpring  Co.,  JIG- 1  <  th  St.,  ltacine,  ffU.  1 


GUARANTEED 


iPOWN  FENCE 


D 

Strongest,  most  durable  fence 
made.  Heaviest,  closest  wires.  Double 
galvanized.  Practically  indestructible.  Stock 
I  strong  Chicken  tight.  14  to  35c  perrod.  Sample  free.  Wepay  frt.' 

|TheBrowD-jenc^^Jr^mM)ept^^CIeveland^)hl<^l 


Mammoth  Pekin  Ducks  and  Drakes 

for  sale  at  reasonable  prices  to  quick  buyers.  Afton 
strain.  Write  your  wants. 

White  Spring  Poultry  Farm,  Geneva,  N.  Y. 

WHITE  ROCKS, 
PARTRIDGE  WYAN- 
DOTTES,  PARTRIDGE  COCHINS.  We  have  a 
fine  lot  of  youngsters.  Prize-winning  strain. 

MINCH  HltOS.,  Route  3,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 


BARRED  ROCKS 


Indian  Runner  Ducks,  $1.00 

Brentwood  Poultry  Farm,  Chatham,  N.  J. 

INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS-ys„0“  .SKAfe 

Price,  $1.50  each;  $5.00  for  three  Ducks  and  a  Drake. 

K.  FRANKLIN  KUAN,  Stanley,  N.  Y. 


MAKE  HENS  LAYH 

more  eggs:  larger,  more  vigorous  chicks} 
heavier  fowls,  by  feeding  cut  bone. 

liAfclll’C  latest  model 
IYiANIi  O  BONE  CUTTER 


I  cuts  fast,  easy,  fine;  never  clogs. 

10  Days’  Free  Trial.  No  money  in  advance.  Book  free. 

■IF.  W.  MANN  CO.,  Box  1 5,  MILFORD, MASS. 


SINGLE  COM  II  WHITE  LEGHORNS— Write 
at  once  if  you  wish  stock  from  our  “mammoth 
utility”  strain  of  heaviest  layers  and  the  most  suc¬ 
cessful  and  probably  the  best  known  egg  farm  on 
Long  Island.  “Quality”  prices  not  considered — 
quick  moving  prices  are.  THORNEHAVEN  POUL¬ 
TRY  FARM,  Shelter  Island  Heights,  N.  Y. 


S.C.W.  LEGHORNS  Hens  for  Sale 

Suitable  for  foundation  stock.  $1.00  each  in  lots  of 
100  or  more.  Small  lots,  $2.00  each. 

Yearling  Cocks,  Early  Cockerels  and  Pullets. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT  FARM,  HAVRE  DE  GRACE,  MD. 


5000 


Single-Combed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 
Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 
right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  best  selections.  Largest  success, 
ful  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 


SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  and  Cock¬ 
erels;  any  quantity  at  attractive  prices:  bred-to-lay 
kind.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington,  N.  J. 


7  flft  S.  C.  W.  LEGHORNS— Annual  Sale  of  Thor- 
I  UU  ouglibred  Yearlings  and  Two-Year-Olds. 
F.  B.  Dilts,  Maple  Spring  Farm,  Flemington,  N.  J. 


FOR  <!AT  17-Single  Comb  Buff  LEGHORNS 
1  VJI\  o/lLL  (bens);  also  Indian  Runner  Ducks; 
$1.00  apiece  up.  CHAS.  C.  RODNEY,  Hartly,  Del. 


n  n  F.GGS  $1.00 — Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
L  U  tx-y.  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Large  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 


Wp  Will  Qp||~f°r$2  °0  for  hens  and  $2.00  to $5.00 
*•  c  him  wen  for  one-year-old  cockerels — our 
surplus  breedingstock  of  Partridge  Cochins.  Barred 
Rocks,  White  Rocks,  Partridge  Wyandottes. 

MINCH  BROS.  .  R-3  .  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 


Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  May  return  at  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  Southold,  Suffolk  Co.,  N.  Y. 


THE  FARMER’S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 


Hunn  Lake  Poultry  Farm  ^.TK’  ni-Soao1; 

WhiteWyandotte  Chicks,  $12  per  100.  Eggs,$5per  100 


PDIII  TRYMFN_I>on'tfail  tosecure8tock  and 

rUULI  11  I  111  L  li  Eggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Marietta,  Pa. 


1911. 


THE  RURAt  NEW-YORKER 


AN  ICE  CREAM  FARM. 

Wanted — An  ice  cream  maker  at  once; 
year-around  position.  Blue  Ribbon  Farms. 
— Daily  paper. 

So  there  is  such  a  farm  as  an  ice 
cream  farm.  Yes,  and  a  farm  of  257 
acres  where  the  sole  output  is  ice  cream. 
For  years  the  proprietors  had  raised  the 
usual  crops  of  Columbia  County.  At 
last  they  become  convinced  that  the 
only  way  to  make  more  than  a  bare  liv¬ 
ing  was  to  specialize.  Last  Fall  they 
built  a  reservoir  in  the  path  of  a  little 
spring- water  stream  from  which  they 
harvested  500  tons  of  ice.  The  icehouse 
and  an  18x36  frame  building  were  built 
at  the  same  time.  In  the  earlv  Spring 
the  frame  house  was  fitted  with  an  ice 
cream  batch  mixer  of  75  gallons  per 
hour  capacity,  an  ice  crusher,  a  cream 
separator,  a  six-horse  power  gasoline 
engine,  a  large  cooking  range,  bins  for 
salt,  apartment  for  sugar  and  syrups, 
cans  and  tubs,  and  all  was  ready  for 
the  manufacture  of  a  finished  product. 
A  canvass  of  the  nearby  towns,  Lee, 
Stockbridge,  Chatham.  Ghent,  and  of 
the  cities  of  Albany,  Pittsfield,  Hudson 
and  Worchester  had  already  shown  that 
there  would  be  no  difficulty  in  disposing 
of  pure  ice  cream  at  $1  per  gallon,  de¬ 
livery  paid.  Fortunately  for  the  experi¬ 
ment  the  Summer  thus  far  has  been  one 
long  continued  hot  spell,  and  the  de¬ 
mands  upon  the  Blue  Ribbon  Farms  far 
exceeded  the  expectation.  Instead  of 
the  modest  50  gallons  hoped  for,  the 
daily  output  has  been  100,  150,  and  even 
200  gallons,  and  for  the  Fourth  of  July 
trade  orders  for  1,500  gallons  were  re¬ 
ceived  and  filled.  An  automobile  deliv¬ 
ery  wagon  became  necessary  for  nearby 
deliveries,  but  the  trade  in  Albany, 
Hudson  and  Worcester  was  cared  for 
by  the  express  company.  The  farm’s 
herd  of  26  Guernsey  and  Jersey  grades 
was  not  sufficient  to  supply  the  cream 
necessary,  and  neighboring  farmers  were 
c  alled  upon  to  supply  the  deficiency.  The 
farms  expect  next  year,  with  an  in¬ 
creased  acreage,  a  larger  herd,  additional 
ice  reservoirs,  more  machinery  and  a 
fairly  hot  season  more  than  to  double 
this  year’s  output.  Then,  too,  they  ex¬ 
pect  to  be  in  a  position  to  make  many 
of  their  own  extracts  from  their  own 
products  of  strawberries,  raspberries, 
maple  syrup,  and  the  nuts  from  their 


woods.  Only  sugar,  salt,  vanilla  and 
chocolate  will  have  to  be  purchased — 
that  is  their  hope.  Has  it  paid?  The 
owners  reply:  "Yes,  in  money  returns; 
and  not  a  single  pound  of  manurial 
value  has  left  the  farm.”  That  certainly 
counts,  for  any  system  of  farming  that 
enables  one  to  send  forth  a  finished  pro¬ 
duct  without  robbing  the  land  of  fer¬ 
tility  is  surely  based  upon  sound  prin¬ 
ciples.  H. 


A  MILK  INSPECTOR’S  WORK. 

Part  II. 

The  two  farms  that  I  was  able  to  visit 
were  criticized  a  little  by  some  of  the  peo¬ 
ple  whom  1  saw  before  going  there.  No  one 
of  the  half  dozen  or  more  people  with  whom 
I  talked  upheld  the  inspector  in  the  meth¬ 
ods  he  employed,  nor  did  anyone  think  it  at 
all  necessary  that  the  creamery  be  or¬ 
dered  to  refuse  the  milk  from  these  dairies. 
These  dairies  were  owned  by  Robert  Utter 
and  Monroe  Dow.  The  former  was  scoi'ed 
at  41  at  the  first  inspection  and  54  at  the 
later,  the  Dow  premises  were  scored  at  44 
at  the  first  and  55  later.  In  neither  case 
was  any  change  made  during  the  time,  in 
stable  or  appliances,  these  men  told  me. 
It  would  not  be  fair  to  say  that  there  was 
not  any  change  whatever.  Mrs.  Dow  was 
much  more  inclined  to  uphold  the  inspector 
than  I  am.  She  did  not  blame  him,  she 
said.  Then  she  and  Mr.  Dow  explained  how 
the  change  came  about.  They  were  both 
away  from  home  the  day  the  inspector 
called,  having  started  quite  early  to  attend 
a  funeral  some  eight  or  10  miles  away. 
Only  a  small  boy  was  in  charge,  and  he 
had  been  unable,  up  to  the  time  the  in¬ 
spector  called,  properly  to  clean  the  stable 
and  get  things  into  shape.  There  was  no 
trouble  with  the  milk,  but  according  to 
certain  rules  of  certain  inexperienced  in¬ 
dividuals,  there  was  in  the  opinion  of  a 
tactless  inspector  ground  for  cutting  down 
the  score  and  subjecting  these  people  to  in¬ 
convenience  and  publicly  administered  cen¬ 
sure.  At  Mr.  Utter’s  stable  I  am  inclined 
to  think  that  conditions  were  better.  There 
is  a  wide  space  behind  his  cows,  however, 
and  here  had  been  tied  some  calves.  So 
far  as  I  can  see  there  is  no  serious  objec¬ 
tion  to  this,  as  there  was  no  interference,  one 
with  the  other.  I  would  prefer  not  to  have 
the  calves  there,  but  I  cannot  think  that 
there  was  any  less  wholesome  milk  sold  on 
account  of  them.  It  is  thought  by  some 
that  the  presence  of  the  calves  may  have 
been  the  cause  of  the  unfavorable  report. 
Assuming  this  to  be  true,  a  tactful  or  effi¬ 
cient  man  would  have  got  along  with  the 
matter  without  antagonizing  the  farmer, 
and  certainly  without  bringing  the  wrath 
of  the  community  upon  his  own  head.  This 
truth  has  been  illustrated  in  every  one  of 
the  half  dozen  instances  of  discipline  which 
this  inspector  has  attempted  to  administer 
in  the  vicinity  of  Walton.  I  would  have 
been  glad  to  see  the  inspector  and  get  his 
side  of  the  story,  but  he  was  away,  and  I 
could  not  see  him. 

My  visit  was  some  time  after  the  inspec¬ 


tion,  but  I  think  I  know  how  the  stable 
appeared.  I  will  attempt  to  describe  the 
stable  that  I  consider  the  worst,  it  is  a 
“lean-to”  stable,  with  haymow  and  silo  in 
front  of  the  cows.  The  stable  is  rather 
low,  a  tall  man  could  no  more  than  stand 
erect  in  it.  The  space  behind  the  cows  is 
sufficient  for  walking,  but  is  not  so  wide  as 
one  might  desire.  Voidiugs  are  thrown  out 
of  window  holes  behind  the  cows  into  the 
open.  There  are  not  as  many  glass  win¬ 
dows  as  most  farmers  would  desire.  There 
is  nothing  unsanitary  so  far  as  windows 
are  concerned.  There  is  no  system  of  ven¬ 
tilation  except  that  muslin  curtains  are 
used  in  Winter,  as  required  by  the  Board 
of  Health.  The  floors  are  of  planks  and  so 
is  the  gutter,  which  is  of  moderate  size. 
These  floors  are  all  laid  solid,  with  dirt 
filling  under  them  solid  with  the  planks. 
Overhead  is  a  floor  that  answers  every  pur¬ 
pose  except  the  score  card.  Now  in  such 
a  stable  as  that  good  milk  can  be  produced, 
just  as  bad  milk  can  be  furnished  from  a 
stable  costing  hundreds  of  dollars  for  its 
equipment.  It  all  depends  upon  the  man. 
It  takes  more  care  to  get  good  milk  from 
a  narrow  crowded  stable,  but  if  the  man  is 
anxious  to  do  it  and  is  encouraged  in  his 
efforts  by  the  creameryman  or  even  by 
the  inspector,  he  will  do  it.  The  milk 
house  in  this  instance  was  very  good.  I 
have  never  been  able  to  learn  that  any 
fault  has  been  found  with  the  milk  from  this 
farm.  I  would  chance  the  milk  there,  es¬ 
pecially  if  the  buyer  of  the  milk  were  a 
man  who  will  cooperate  with  his  patrons 
in  their  efforts  to  furnish  products  of  a 
high  quality.  The  milk  at  this  farm  was 
ordered  off  for  two  days. 

The  reader  already  has  my  idea  of  the 
inspection  noted  in  this  article.  I  may 
add  that  I  was  very  reliably  informed  of 
other  instances  in  the  vicinity  where  two 
scores  varying  30  points  were  made  on  dif¬ 
ferent  days  at  the  same  farm  by  the  same 
inspector,  without  a  particle  of  change 
having  been  made  in  the  premises.  Such  in¬ 
spection  in  a  short  time  comes  to  be  a 
farce.  If  the  city  insists  on  inspecting 
farm  premises  (which  they  should  not  do) 
they  should  adopt  a  different  method  of  in¬ 
spection  and  procedure  and  should  then 
send  men  who  have  knowledge,  ability  and 
tact  for  the  work.  Then  the  inspection 
should  be  done  from  a  different  standpoint 
from  that  at  present  in  use.  It  should  be 
for  the  purpose  of  improvement,  by  sug¬ 
gestion  and  consultation,  and  never,  except 
in  extreme  cases  should  it  be  done  with  a 
policeman’s  club.  To  enrage  farmers  over 
trivial  matters  means  to  get  good  care 
taken  only  by  having  a  policeman  at  every 
farm,  and  keeping  him  there  all  the  time. 
There  is  no  trouble  in  getting  good  milk, 
and  no  trouble  in  interesting  farmers  in 
improving  their  stables  and  appliances  to 
a  reasonable  degree,  but  sensible  methods 
need  be  instituted  for  it  and  sensible  men 
are  needed  to  do  the  work.  It  is  undoubt¬ 
edly  the  business  of  the  Board  of  Health 
to  insist  that  good  wholesome  milk  be  sold 
in  the  city,  and  to  insist  that  it  be  properlv 
cared  for  by  the  purchaser.  It  is  the  busi¬ 
ness  of  the  dealers  to  secure  good  milk  and 
sell  it.  The  whole  thing  is  simple  enough 
if  the  Board  of  Health  will  stay  on  its  own 
grounds,  and  let  the  proper  people  attend 
to  their  part  of  the  affair.  J.  x. 


013 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  THE 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Good  Light 

makes  night  work  easier. 
Rayo  lanterns  give  the 
most  light  possible  for 
the  oil  used. 

Rayo  Lanterns  will 
not  blow  or  jar  out. 

They  are  easy  to  clean. 
Easy  to  fill  and  light. 
Made  to  stand  hard  wear. 

You  can  get  Rayo  Lan¬ 
terns  in  various  sizes, 
finishes  and  styles.  Each 
is  the  best  you 
can  buy  of  its 
particular  kind. 

All  Rayo  lanterns  are 
equipped  with  selected  Rayo 
globes,  clear,  red  or  green, 
as  desired,  and  wicks  are 
inserted  in  the  burners, 
ready  to  light. 

Dealers  everywhere  ;  or 
write  for  descriptive  circular 
direct  to  any  agency  of  the 

Standard  Oil  Company 

(Incorporated) 


I  7T)  17  17  this  real  leather  bill  fold 
XT1  -tv  J_-> \Jj  for  the  Head  of  the  Farm 

( Not  for  boys — they're  all  right  and  their  turn 
will  come  later — but  this  is  for  the  boss .) 

Thousands  of  farmers  will  buy  gasoline  engines  this  Fall.  I  want  to 
get  in  direct  and  personal  touch  with  every  one  of  them,  as  I  want 
them  to  know  about  the  Olds  Engine. 

If  you  are  going  to  buy  an  engine,  or  are  thinking  about  it.,  you  ought  to  know  what  an 
Olds  Engine  will  do  for  you.  I  want  to  tell  you  about  them — 
give  you  just  the  information  you  want — so  if  you  will  fill  out  the 
coupon  below  (or  write  me  a  letter)  saying  what  size  engine  you 
want,  whether  portable  or  stationary,  and  when  you  expect  to  need 
one,  without  asking  you  to  make  any  promise  or  obligating  you 
in  any  way,  I  will  send  you  absolutely  free  this  genuine  calfskin 
bill  fold,  stamped  with  your  name  in  gold  letters. 

It  will  hold  fifteen  bills  easily.  When  folded  it  will  go  in 
a  small  pocket.  It  is  very  convenient,  handsome  and  useful; 
will  last  a  lifetime.  Has  no  advertisement  on  it. 


are  known  the  world  over  and  used  by  farmers  everywhere.  They  are  the  most  satis¬ 
factory  engine  made  for  farm  work.  1  guarantee  them  to  do  all  we  say  they  will — you 
to  be  the  judge.  Ask  any  man  who  has  an  Olds  Engine.  He  will  tell  you. 


rvi  rvQ  GASOLINE 
ULUj  ENGINES 


We  also  make  complete  electric  light  and  water  systems  especially  for  farms . 

W rite  for  our  prices  on  corn  shelters,  corn  buskers,  feed  grinders  and  cream  separators. 

If  you  are  going  to  buy  an  engine,  put  a  check  mark  (X)  in  the  place  showing  the  size  and  style 
engine  you  want,  and  when  you  expect  to  need  it,  and  mail  to  me  personally  at  once.  Address  me 
as  below. 


BRANCHES 

1007  Farnam  St. 

Omaha,  Neb. 

2112  Central  St. 

Kansas  City,  Mo. 


J.  B.  SEAGER,  Gen.  Mgr. 

Seager  Engine  Works 

908  Walnut  St.,  Lansing,  Mich. 


BRANCHES 

102  N.  Los  Angeles  St. 
Los  Angeles,  CaL 

65C  Beverly  St. 

Boston,  Mass. 

To  make  quick  deliveries,  I  also  have  a  complete  stock  of  engines  and  parts  in  warehouses  ax 
Houston,  Tex.  Atlanta,  Ga.  Decatur,  III.  Lexington,  Miss.  Cairo,  Ill.  Minneapolis,  Minn.  Binghamton,  N.Y.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

NOTICE— If  you  prefer,  write  to  my  nearest  branch,  and  if  I  am  not  there, 
mj  personal  representative  will  attend  to  it. 


Cut  or  tear  off  here 


Send  me  full  particulars  about  the  following  engine.  It 
is  understood  that  I  do  not  obligate  myself  in  any  way  by 
asking  for  this  information. 

Style  wanted  :  Portable 

Stationary 

Horse  Power  wanted: 

3  VA  6  8  12  15  20 

Expect  to  need  it :  Aug. 

N  ame . 

Sept.  Oct.  Nov.  Dec. 

Town . 

. R.  F.  D. 

County . 

..  State . 

Sign  name  plainly,  just  the  way  you  want  it  on  bill  fold. 

908 

©14 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


September  9, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 

One  of  our  subscribers  agreed  to  buy 
a  self-heating  iron  called  “Economy” 
from  an  agent,  paying  him  a  small  de¬ 
posit.  A  couple  of  weeks  after  the 
agent  called  to  deliver  the  iron  for 
which  our  subscriber  paid  him.  Upon 
examining  it  she  found  the  iron  was 
old  and  broken.  She  wrote  the  com¬ 
pany — the  Aetna  Iron  Company,  of 
Newark,  N.  J.,  and  the  same  agent 
called  for  the  iron  and  took  it  away, 
saying  he  would  bring  another  one  on 
the  same  day.  The  agent  has  never  re¬ 
turned.  She  is  out  her  money  and  the 
iron,  and  although  she  has  written  the 
company  regarding  the  transaction,  and 
we  have  written  for  her,  the  only  advice 
we  can  get  is  that  “she  should  not  have 
given  the  agent  the  iron,”  and  as  the 
man  is  not  in  their  employ  at  this  time 
they  can  do  “nothing  about  the  matter.” 
We  simply  repeat  this  history  to  em¬ 
phasize  our  previous  advice  to  be  cau¬ 
tious  about  dealing  with  agents.  How 
far  a  company  is  responsible  for  the 
transactions  of  their  agents  is  a  de¬ 
batable  question,  but  our  position  is  that 
they  should  be  responsible  and  make 
good  a  loss  of  this  kind  which  is  the  di¬ 
rect  fault  of  their  accredited  agent.  By 
and  by  people  will  hesitate  to  deal  with 
agents  at  all. 

I  am  interested  in  the  Publisher’s  Desk, 
and  write  to  know  if  I  have  “bought  a  gold 
brick,”  too.  Last  November  I  took  one 
share  of  stock  in  the  Independent  Har¬ 
vester  Company,  or  Farmers’  Company,  as 
they  call  it.  As  I  expected  to  buy  some 
machinery  in  the  near  future,  I  took  the 
preferred  machinery  discount  stock,  which 
pays  no  interest.  There  is  nothing  in  the 
agreement  when  they  would  redeem  this 
stock.  By  unforeseen  circumstances  I  have 
come  to  need  the  money,  and  wrote  to  the 
company  offering  my  share  for  sale,  but  was 
promptly  told  that  the  statutes  of  this 
State  prohibited  them  buying  back  their 
own  stock.  Is  this  so?  Is  there  any  way 
I  can  get  the  money  back?  Of  course,  I 
don't  expect  to  get  full  value.  J.  E.  d. 

Illinois. 

It  is  our  information  that  Illinois  cor¬ 
porations  are  not  allowed  to  purchase 
their  own  stock,  and  we  are  afraid  this 
money  is  lost.  We  advised  our  readers 
against  investing  in  concerns  of  this  sort 
some  time  ago  in  this  column.  A  similar 
concern,  which  we  understand  was  pro¬ 
moted  by  the  same  people,  was  organ- 
ied  in  Springfield,  Ohio,  some  eight 
or  10  years  ago  and  sold  stock  in  the 
same  manner.  The  concern  finally  went 
into  the  hands  of  a  receiver  and  the 
farmers,  of  course,  lost  all  the  money 
they  put  into  it.  The  promoters  then 
went  to  Plano,  Ill.,  and  seem  to  be  re¬ 
peating  the  Ohio  performance  there. 

Please  give  me  advice  in  regard  to  the 
Chacanms  Plantation  Company.  I  have  paid 
in  $600,  and  I  am  afraid  I  have  been 
swindled.  All  their  business  has  seemed 
to  be  O.  K.  until  now,  when  they  are  asking 
a  5  per  cent  payment.  r.  h. 

Pennsylvania. 

This  company  is  asking  for  $5,000  to 
meet  some  pressing  obligations.  If  they 
fail  to  meet  this  obligation  their  prop¬ 
erty  will  be  attached  under  the  laws  of 
Mexico.  They  are,  therefore,  coming 
to  the  small  stockholders  asking  for  the 
five  per  cent  payment  on  the  amount  in¬ 
vested,  promising  to  repay  same  with 
six  per  cent  interest  later.  There  is 
nothing  to  justify  a  further  remittance 
as  far  as  we  can  see.  This  seems  to 
be  the  same  plea  made  by  all  these 
stock-selling  companies.  The  officers  of 
this  company  are  reputed  to  be  men  of 
affairs,  and  some  are  connected  with 
financial  institutions,  and  if  the  property 
had  anything  like  the  value  they  inti¬ 
mate  for  it,  or  anything  like  the  pros¬ 
pects  they  promise,  it  would  be  an  easy 
matter  for  them  to  go  to  experienced 
investors  or  brokers  and  secure  the 
amount  they  need  without  appealing  to 
the  original  investor  to  help  them.  Un¬ 
der  all  the  circumstances  we  would  not 
advise  further  investments. 

The  Gotham  Dairy  Company  of  New  York 
came  up  here  last  Fall  and  asked  for  our 
milk.  They  now  owe  us  some  .$7,000  and 
offer  to  pay  35  cents  on  the  dollar.  Our 
lawyers  advised  us  to  take  it.  I  would  like 
your  opinion  of  that  offer.  p.  n.  w. 

New  York. 

Our  records  show  that  a  chattel  mort¬ 
gage  has  been  issued  against  the  com¬ 
pany  on  their  trucks  and  horses.  They 
have  refused  to  make  any  financial  state¬ 
ment,  and  whether  they  have  any  prop¬ 
erty  or  not  is  known  only  to  them¬ 
selves.  Their  business  in  New  York  is 
done  entirely  on  a  cash  basis  and  it  is 
doubtful  if  they  are  in  a  position  to 
get  credit  here.  It  is  unfortunate  that 
farmers  have  permitted  them  to  run  up 
such  a  large  account.  Possibly  the 
farmers  will  «et  more  out  of  it  by  ac¬ 
cepting  the  35  cents  on  the  dollar  than 
in  any  other  way.  These  milk  dealers 
should  be  obliged  to  give  an  account  of 
what  they  have  done  with  the  profits  of 
the  milk  and  a  very  thorough,  definite 


examination  of  their  affairs  ought  to  be 
insisted  upon  before  accepting  a  com¬ 
promise  of  this  kind.  Farmers  cannot 
be  too  careful  in  entering  into  contracts 
with  unknown  parties  without  a  definite 
rating. 

I  am  enclosing  all  papers  and  bills  relat¬ 
ing  to  a  shipment  of  eggs  made  to  a  New 
York  commission  house.  They  claim  they 
were  never  received  and  the  American  Ex¬ 
press  Company  claims  to  hold  tracer  showing 
that  the  shipment  was  delivered.  I  have 
done  all  I  can  to  straighten  the  matter  out, 
and  as  this  concern  has  always  been  a  first- 
class  house  to  deal  with.  I  think  it  is  only 
a  little  mix-up  somewhere.  Will  you  kindly 
look  into  the  matter  for  me,  as  you  have  so 
kindly  done  before  in  regard  to  other  mat¬ 
ters?  w.  H.  A. 

New  York. 

We  followed  this  matter  up  some 
s  en  or  eight  months  with  the  Ameri¬ 
can  Express  Company.  The  shipment 
was  lost  in  transit,  but  because  other 
shipments  made  about  the  same  date 
had  been  delivered,  the  express  com¬ 
pany  mixed  them  up  with  the  particular 
shipment  that  was  missing  and  wanted 
to  insist  it,  too,  had  been  delivered. 
After  some  time  they  became  convinced 
they  had  lost  it  somewhere  along  their 
line,  and  our  subscriber  reported  the 
claim  of  $14.76  had  been  paid. 

An  unexpected  dividend  of  10  per  cent 
of  the  unsecured  claims  against  Cardenio 
F.  King,  stock  broker  and  promoter,  now 
serving  a  long  sentence  in  State’s  prison, 
was  declared  to-day  by  Lee  M.  Friedman, 
the  trustee  of  the  estate.  Allowed  unse¬ 
cured  claims  against  the  estate  amouut  to 
.$95,000,  and  it  was  said  to-day  that  in  addi¬ 
tion  to  the  .$9,500  now  at  the  disposal  of 
the  creditors,  a  still  further  sum  may  be 
realized  from  the  assets. 

The  above  is  a  newspaper  dispatch 
from  Boston,  Mass.  It  is  a  good  sign 
that  the  law  begins  to  put  swindling 
promoters  in  prison,  and  divides  their 
plunder  among  the  victims. 

Elmer  E.  Ellsworth,  Red  Bank,  N.  J., 
is  a  fugitive  from  justice.  A  warrant 
for  his  arrest  on  a  charge  of  the  forgery 
of  a  $4,000  note  is  in  the  hands  of  the 
detectives.  Another  note  discounted  by 
Ellsworth  for  $2,500  is  said  to  be  a 
forgery,  and  a  stock  certificate  sold  to 
a  local  investor  is  said  to  be  worthless. 
Two  years  ago  Ellsworth  began  fren¬ 
zied  financial  operations  among  farmers. 
The  R.  N.-Y.  caught  him  in  one  of  his 
early  swindles  and  promptly  exposed 


them.  Then  Ellsworth  abandoned  the 
agricultural  field  and  evidently  turned 
his  attention  to  business  centres.  It  is 
said  that  more  claims  will  yet  be  heard 
from. 

Can  you  inform  me  whether  the  claims  of 
the  N.  E.  Mineral  Fertilizer  and  Chemical 
Company,  of  Boston,  are  as  represented  in 
their  pamphlets?  I  saw  their  advertisement 
in  a  Boston  paper.  1  wrote  for  their  printed 
matter  and  price  list.  If  the  fertilizer  is 
half  what  they  claim  for  it  at  the  price  it  is 
certainly  what  we  have  been  looking  for. 

Ithode  Island.  H.  l.  y. 

Keep  right  on  looking  and  let  this 
wonderful  chance  go  by.  There  is  no 
h!0her  authority  on  fertilizers  than  Dr. 
E.  H.  Jenkins  of  the  Connecticut  Ex¬ 
periment  Station.  He  says : 

The  analysis  of  a  sample  taken  from  a 
bag  sent  by  the  manufacturer  showed  90.92 
per  cent,  of  silica  and  silicates  undecom¬ 
posed  and  insoluble  in  strong  boiling  hydro¬ 
chloric  acid.  The  acid  dissolved  0.28  per 
cent,  of  phosphoric  acid  and  0.36  per  cent, 
of  potash.  No  further  comment  on  this 
material  as  a  fertilizer  is  necessary.  If 
there  are  any  farmers  who  believe  that 
finely  ground  stones  can  enrich  the  more 
finely  ground  rock  dust  which  is  already  in 
our  soils,  and  that  these  ground  stones  are 
six  times  as  valuable  as  commercial  fer¬ 
tilizers,  to  such  farmers  the  claims  made 
for  this  fertilizer  may  appeal.  To  others 
they  will  appear  so  preposterous  as  to  be 
unworthy  of  discussion. 

According  to  this  a  ton  of  this  stuff 
contained  five  pounds  of  phosphoric  acid 
and  seven  of  potash — together  worth  60 
cents !  It  will  require  a  faith  very  much 
stronger  than  boiling  acid  to  get  value 
out  of  this  stuff.  Let  it  alone.  The 
farm  papers  which  advertise  it  ought  to 
be  ashamed  of  themselves. 

About  30  employes  of  the  Telepost 
Company  went  on  strike  recently  to  en¬ 
force  payment  of  past  due  salaries.  The 
excuse  given  by  the  president  of  the 
company  was  that  stock  sales  had  been 
slow,  which  is  a  virtual  confession  that 
the  business  does  not  pay,  and  that  it  is 
kept  going  by  sales  of  stock.  The  litera¬ 
ture  sent  out  by  the  Sterling  Debenture 
Co.,  sales  agents  for  the  stock,  claim 
that  the  Telepost  becomes  self-support¬ 
ing  practically  as  soon  as  established. 
The  investors  in  this  stock  take  their 
hazard  against  advice  repeated  at  fre¬ 
quent  intervals  in  this  column  for  the 
past  three  years.  When  stock  sales  cease 
to  produce  revenue,  strikes  will  prob¬ 
ably  be  permanent.  j.  jr.  n. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


White  Lead  on  the 
F  arm —  Vehicles 

\  You  can’t  afford  to  neglect 
painting  your  farm  wagons.  A 
few  small  cracks  will  let  in  the 
weather,  the  wood  will  begin 
to  rot.  the  timber  to  weaken, 
and  a  break-down  will  follow. 
Neglect  rums  viore  •wagons 
than  over-weighting. 

Good  old-fashioned  paint  made  of 

Dutch  Boy  Painter” 

Pure  White  Lead 


and  pure  linseed  oil  is  what  wagons  need. 
It  holds  to  the  wood  like  a  nail  and  fills  every 
crack  and  crevice,  The  surface  of  the  wood 
is  protected  against  moisture  until  the  paint 
is  actually  worn  away. 


Our  Free  Painting  Helps.  We  will  send  you 
free  on  request  color  schemes  and  miscellaneous  paint- 


NEWTON’S  HEAVE 

COUCH,  DISTEMPER  I  I  D  C 
AND  INDIGESTION  vUIxCi 


_  The  Standard  V eterinary  Remedy. 

Makes  the  Horse  Strong  and  Willing  to  Work. 

CURES  HEAVES  BY  CORRECTING  THE  CAUSE 
which  Is  Indigestion.  Send  for  booklet  “Ilorse  Troub¬ 
les/’  Explains  fully  about  the  W ind.  Throat,  Stomach 
and  Blood.  Newton’sissafef  or  colt,  adultormarein  foal 

A  GRANU  CONDITIONER  AND  WORM  EXPELLER 

$1.00  n  can  at  dealers,  or  express  prepaid 
THE  NEWTON  BEMEDY  CO.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


second  $1.00  can  cures  Heaves,  The  third 


is  the  sign  of  a  modern  farm.  The  superiority  of  concrete  over  euery  other  form  of  building 
material  has  been  absolutely  proven.  Progressive  farmers  everywhere  are  now  using  concrete 
for  all  reconstruction  and  new  buildings.  From  every  standpoint — economy,  durability,  appear¬ 
ance,  ease  of  handling,  fireproof  qualities — concrete  is  supreme.  LEHIGH  PORTLAND  CEMENT 
makes  the  strongest,  most  durable  and  most  uniform  concrete  on  the  market. 

These  same  superior  qualities  have  made  LEHIGH  the  unhesitating  choice  of  the  builders  of  the  magnificent 
Curtis  Publishing  Co’s  Building,  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  where  25,000  barrels  of  Lehigh  were  used,  the  Western  Maryland 
Ry.  Extension  requiring  150,000  barrels— the  Woolworth  Building,  New  York  City,  requiring  over  30,000  barrels — 
the  Southern  Power  Co’s  Dam  and  Plant  at  King’s  Creek,  S.  C.,  and  many  other  of  the  most  important  pieces  of 
construction  work  of  recent  years.  You  are  safe  when  you  follow  the  judgment  of  the  noted  engineers  behind  these 


undertakings. 


I  TOTAL!  PORTLAND 

LLlllvtlCEME 


NT 


Ask  for  LEHIGH  by  name.  Watch  for  the  LEHIGH  trade-mark;  it  is  the  easiest  way  to  make  certain  of  satisfac¬ 
tion.  Lehigh  is  the  best  cement  for  buildings,  barns,  water-troughs,  corn-cribs,  fence  posts,  etc.  At  least  one  good  dealer 
in  your  town  can  supply  you  and  can  make  quick  deliveries. 

Our  complete  handbook,  sent  free,  gives  full  instructions,  with  plans  and  diagrams  for  all 
concrete  work  on  the  farm. 

Just  a  postal  or  letter  with  your  name  and  address,  brings  you  this  valuable  book  postpaid. 
No  obligations — just  address: 

LEHIGH  PORTLAND  CEMENT  COMPANY 

(11  mills— 11,000,000  barrels  yearly  capacity) 

Dept.  A,  Allentown,  Pa. 


1911. 


i 


Die 


Crops  and  Markets 

Wholesale  Prices  at  New  York. 

Week  Ending  September  1,  1911. 


BDTTKIt 


A  decline  of  one  cent  on  top  grades  is 


noted,  receipts  being 

rather  heavy 

for 

cur- 

rent  needs. 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 

. 26 

@ 

.27 

Good  to  Choice . 

<& 

.25 

Lower  Grades  . 

@ 

.22 

State  Dairy,  best . 

.24 

© 

.26 

Common  to  Good . 

@ 

.23 

Packing  Stock . . 

@ 

•1S*6 

Elgin,  111.,  butter  market  firm  at  26  cents. 

Boston,  western  creamery,  27  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  28  cents. 


CHKlfiSlfi 

Business  is  quiet  owing  to  the  increased 
prices.  Reports  indicate  larger  shipments 
on  the  way,  and  a  possible  resulting  decline. 


Full  Cream,  best . .  .  .12  @  .]3*£ 

Common  to  Good . 09  @  .11 

Skims . . 115  ©  .10 

l£GGS 


Receipts  of  high  grade  are  light ;  medium 
and  low  grades  in  great  surplus  and  values 
Irregular. 

White,  good  to  choico . 27  @  .31 

Mixed  Colors,  best . •. . 24  @  .26 

Common  to  Good . 18  @  .22 

Western,  best . 20  @  .23 

Under  grades . 12  ®  .18 

Checks  and  dirties.. . 11  ©  .14 

BEANS 

Market  on  Marrow  and  Medium  very  firm, 
with  advances  of  10  to  20  cents  per  100 
pounds. 


Marrow,  100  lbs. . 

Medium . 

Pea . 

Yellow  Eye . 

Red  Kidney . 

WhiteKidney . 

J,ima.  California .  . 


4.20  ©  4.50 
4.00  ©  4.20 
4.00  ®  4.25 
3.50  ©  3.55 
5.6(1  ©  6.00 
5.00  ©  5.20 
6.60  @  6.65 


HOI'S 


Considerable  business  in  the  new  crop  is 
reported  in  the  Now  York  section.  Trade 
on  the  Coast  is  dull.  The  yield  in  England 
will  be  better  than  was  expected. 


Prime  to  Choice . 41  ffl  .42 

Common  to  Good . 38  ®  .40 

Pacific  Coast . 40  @  .42 


DllIKD  FRUITS 

Some  new  evaporated  apples  made  from 
windfalls  and  cull  stock  are  arriving,  work¬ 
ing  out  on  a  basis  of  10  to  11  cents. 


Apples,  evap.,  choice . 10*6©  11 

Common  to  good . 08  ©  .10 

Waste . 07  ®  .07*6 

Cherries . 14  ©  .18 

Raspberries . \ . 31  ©  .32 


FRESH  FRUITS 


The  apple  market  has  been  clogged  with 
cull  fruit.  Fine,  picked  apples  are  scarce, 
and  selling  well.  Peaches  running  very 
irregular  in  size  and  quality.  Trade  in 
grapes  rather  dull.  Pears  in  heavy  supply 
and  low,  except  for  best  grades. 


Apples,  Wealthy,  bbl .  2  00  ©  3.60 

Alexander .  2.50  ©  3.50 

Wolf  River  .  2.50  ©  3.50 

Twenty  Ounce .  2.50  .  ®  3.00 

Maiden  Blush .  2.00  ©  2.50 

Sweet  Bough,  bbl .  1.50  ®  2.00 

Gravenstein .  2.Q0  @  3  00 

Duchess . 2.00  ©  3.00 

Nyaok .  2.00  @  3.00 

Orange  Pippin .  1,60  ©  2.00 

Fall  Pippin .  2.00  @  3.00 

Windfalls,  bbl .  1.00  ©  1.25 

Various.  *6-bbl.- bkt . 75  @1.25 

Crabapples,  bbl .  2.1X1  @  6.00 

Pears.  Seckel,  bbl .  2-50  ®  4.00 

Flemish  Beauty,  bbl .  1.50  ©  2.25 

Bartlett,  bbl .  2.25  ©  4.50 

Clapp’s .  3.00  @  5.00 

Kieffer.  K-bbl . 40  ©  .60 

Peaches,  Up-river,  bkt . 30  ®  .90 

Western  N.  Y„  bkt . 40  ©  .90 

W.  Va.,  carrier .  1.50  @  2.25 

Del.  and  Md.,  carrier  .  1.25  @  1 .75 

Del.  and  Md„  bkt . 40  ©  .90 

Jersey,  carrier .  1.25  ffl  1.76 

Jersey,  bkt . 40  ©  1.00 

Pine  Island,  bkt . 40  @  1.00 

Muskmelons,  Colorado,  crate .  1.25  ®  3.25 

Maryland,  crate . 25  ©  1.00 

Jersey,  bkt . 25  @  .70 

Watermelons.  Southern,  100 . 10.00  ©25.00 

Huckleberries  quart . 07  ©  .18 

Plums,  8- lb.  bkt . 12  @  .22 

Grapes,  Moore's  Early.  18-lb.  case  ...  .55  @  .65 

Champion . . 40  ®  .50 

Delaware . .60  @  .75 

Niagara . 60  ®  .75 

VEGETA BUMS 

Receipts  of  potatoes  have  been  light,  and 
prices  on  choice  stock  continue  high. 
Onions  plenty  and  dull.  Tomatoes  badly 
damaged  by  recent  rains.  Sweet  corn  firm 
and  higher. 

Potatoes,  Jersey,  bbl . .  2.75  @  3.00 

Maine,  bag .  2.75  ©  2.85 

Long  Island,  bbl . 3.00  @  3.25 

Sweet  Pitatoes,  bbl . 2.00  @  3.75 

Beets,  101)  bunches .  1 .00  ©  1.60 

Carrots,  bbl .  1.00  ©  1.25 

Cabbage,  Long  Island,  bbl . 30  @  1  25 

Cauliflowers,  L.  I.,  bbl .  1.00  ©  3.1X1 

Sweet  Corn,  choice.  100 .  1.25  ©  1.50 

Common  to  Good . 50  @  I. (X) 

Cucumbers,  bu . 25  ©  A0 

Pickles,  bbl . 75  ©  1.60 

Celery,  Jersey,  bunch . 10  ©  .35 

Lettuce.  *4-bbi  bkt . 30  ®  1 .00 

Chicory  and  Hscarol,  bbl . 25  ®  .75 

Peppers,  Jersey,  bbl . 75  ©  1.26 

Horseradish.  100  lbs .  3.00  @  5.00 

Okra.  Jersey,  t^-bu . 25  @  .30 

Onions,  Long  Island,  bbl . 2.00  ®  2.25 

Orange  Co.,  bag .  1.25  @  2.25 

Jersey,  bu . 75  @  1.25 

Conn.  Yellow.  100-lb.  bag .  1.00  @  1.75 

Peas.  State,  bu . 75  ©  1.50 

Radishcs.100  bunches . 75  ©  1.25 

String  Roans,  bu . 50  ©  1.25 

Lima  Beans,  potato,  bu . 50  @  1.00 

Flat  kinds . 40  @  .65 

Spinach,  bbl .  1.00  ©  1.50 

Squasn.  Marrow,  bbl . 50  ©  .75 

Crook  Neck,  bbl . 50  ©  .75 

TuruiDs.  Rutabaga,  bbl . 75  ©  .90 

White,  bbl .  1.00  @  1.60 

Kgg  Plants.  Norfolk,  bbl . 60  ©  .75 

Jersey,  bu . 25  ©  .30 

Tomatoes.  Jersey,  box . 25  ®  .65 

Up-River,  bu . 40  @  .60 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Chickens,  Broilers,  lb . 16  ©  .18 

Fowls  .  16  ©  .16 

Roosters . 09  @  .10 

Ducks . 12  @  .13 

Geese . 10  ©  .n 

Turkeys . 12  ©  .13 

DRESSED  POULTRY— Fresh  Killed 

Turkeys.  Spring,  best . 25  ©  .30 

Old  Common  to  Good . 12  ffl  .13 

Chickens,  choice  broilers,  lb .  21  ©  23 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 18  ©  .20 

Fowls .  13  ©  .16 

Spring  Ducks,  lb  .  .  . 14  ©  .16 

Squabs  doz . 1.00  ®  3.50 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


DRESSED  POULTRY-FROZEN 


Turkeys,  best . 22  ©  24 

Chickens,  milk-fed  roasters . 18  ©  .22 

Coin-fed  roasters . 16  ©  .18 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Bay.  No.  1,  ton . 27.00  ©  28.00 

No.  2 . 22.00  @  26.00 

No.  3 . 17.00  @  20.00 

Clover  Mixed . 16.00  ©  22  00 

Clover . 15.00  ©  18.00 

Straw,  Rye . 14.00  ©  16.00 

Oat  aDd  Wheat . 8.00  ©  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers.  100  lbs .  5.50  ffl  7.20 

Bulls . 3.00  ©  4.00 

Cows .  1.25  @  4.75 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs .  7.00  @10.00 

Culls  .  5.00  ©  6.00 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 2.50  ©  4.00 

Lambs .  4  75  ©  7.25 

Hogs .  7.00  @  8.00 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1.  Northern  Spring .  1.12  ©  .. 

No.  2,  Red . 94  ©  .. 

No.  2  Hard  Winter . 97  ® 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 68  ©  .72 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 46  @  .48 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 90  ©  .92 

MILL  FEED— CAr  LOTS 

Spring  Bran, ton .  23.60  @  25.10 

Standard  Middlings .  28.00  ©  31.00 

Red  Dog.  .  31.00  ©  32.00 

Hominy  Chop .  25.00  ©  26.20 

Linseed  Meal .  37 .(X)  ©  37.50 

Corn  Meal .  27.00  ©  28.00 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  12.00 

Middling  Gulf .  12.25 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  11.10 

Good  Middling .  11.95 

WOOL 

NewYork  Fleeces,  Fine,  unwashed . 19  ©  .20 

Ohio  half  blood  combing . 25  ©  .26 

Kentucky,  three- eighths  blood . 24  ©  .25 

Michigan,  half  blood . 25  @  .25*6 

TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadieaf-tlller . 08  ©  .10 

Fine  wrappers  . 60  @  75 

N.  Y. State  Fillers . 05  @  .06 

Fine  and  Selections . 12  ©  .16 

Ohio  Zimmer's  Spanish . 19  @  .20 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 07*6©  .09 

Dark  Leaf . 10  ©  .20 

Bright  Cutters . 12  ©  .30 

Penn,  broad  leaf  fillers . 10  @  .12 

CHICAGO 

Butter,  creamery . 22  @  .26 

Eggs,  good  to  prime  firsts . 14  @  .17 

Live  Turkeys . 10  @  .12 

Fowls .  il  @  12 

Chickens . 13  @  .14 

Potatoes,  bbl . 3.50  @  3.75 

Apples,  bbl . 1.00  @  3.00 

Sheep,  100  lbs  . 2.40  @  3.75 

Lambs,  100  lbs . 4.25  @  6.70 

Hogs . 7.20  @7  75 

„  BUFFALO 

Butter,  ereanrcry . 26  @  .27 

Eggs,  State .  20  @  .24 

Live  chickens . - . 15  @  .16 

Fowls . .12  @  .14 

Potatoes,  bbl . 3.00  @  3.26 

Calves,  live,  100  lbs . 5.50  @  9.60 

Sheep.  100  lbs . 1.60  @  3.75 

Lambs,  100  lbs . 4.00  @  7.00 

Hogs . 6.75  @  7.50 

Wheat,  No.  2,  Red .  ©  .92 

Corn .  67  ®  .86 

Oats .  ...  .42  @  .44 


The  corn  crop  of  Hungary  will  be  about 
110. 000. 000  bushels,  nearly  one-thiril  less 
than  last  year. 

The  American  Cranberry  Growers’  Asso¬ 
ciation  reports  the  crop  outlook  about  equal 
to  last  year,  not  far  from  500,000  barrels. 

Consul  Johnson,  of  Kingston,  Ontario, 
reports  that  the  pack  of  canned  strawberries 
•  and  peas  will  fall  35  to  40  oer  cent  short  of 
delivery  orders.  It  is  said  that  the  crops 
of  fruits  and  vegetables  available  for  com¬ 
mercial  canning  in  the  Province  are  smaller 
than  for  12  years. 

Michigan  Market  Conditions. — Plums, 
no  sale  ;  peaches,  •contracted.  .$1  ;  pears,  90 
cents;  apples,  No.  1,  25  to  30  Cents  per 
bushel;  potatoes,  $1.  with  good  prospects 
for  a  good  price  and  a  large  crop.  Fruit 
and  potatoes  are  our  main  products  here. 

Hart.  Mich.  h.  c.  s. 

We  have  had  some  good  showers  lately, 
hut  it  gets  very  dry  and  hot  between  show¬ 
ers,  so  that  pastures  are  not  doing  well. 
Corn  in  good  shape  and  the  early  corn  about 
ready  to  cut.  Clover  hulling  progessing 
rapidly  ;  yield  good  hut  acreage  small. 

Hillsboro,  O.  w.  e.  d. 

Pears  look  well,  and  a  pretty  good  crop 
here;  peaches  an  average  or  more  if  tilings 
keep  favorable  for  them.  Winter  apples 
50  to  GO  per  emit  of  an  average  in  this 
section,  although  some  localities  have 
more,  and  dry  weather  has  affected  nearly 
all  crops  very  seriously.  u.  o.  m. 

Worcester  Co.,  Mass. 

In  Aroostook  Co.,  Me.,  the  farmers  are 
feeling  quite  chesty  this  year.  Potato 
crop  is  fine  and  market  firm.  I  struck  one 
man  digging  about  80  barrels  of  Cobblers 
per  acre,  geting  $2  per  barrel  for  them  at 
the  siding.  However,  he  probably  needs  all 
that  and  more  to  average  out  on  the  past 
three  years.  c.  m.  a. 

Maine. 

We  had  a  very  destructive  windstorm 
Friday,  August  18;  corn,  which  was  good, 
was  badly  hurt.  Potatoes  are  poor.  Every¬ 
body  thrashing,  wheat  yielding  30  to  37 
bushels  per  acre ;  are  getting  83  .cents  per 
bushels  for  best.  Oats  yielding  well  but 
light.  Apples  about  all  blown  off.  Eggs 
30  cents  per  dozen.  Potatoes  .$1.30  per 
bushel.  Corn  20  cents  per  dozen,  tomatoes 
50  cents  per  basket,  butter  32  cents. 

Ivyland,  Pa.  n.  k.  e. 

We  have  had  quite  a  dry  season,  but 
enough  local  showers,  so  we  had  a  large 
hay  crop.  Our  corn  and  grain  is  good  ;  po¬ 
tatoes  very  light  crop.  The  apple  crop  is 
below  the  average.  In  1909  our  hay  crop 
was  very  light,  and  had  to  sell  two- 
thirds  of  our  stock  in  this  vicinity,  and  so 
now  we  have  lots  of  hay  and  a  small 
amount  of  stock.  I  would  like  25  cattle, 
and  some  of  my  neighbors  are  situated  the 
same.  e.  n.  r. 

No.  Jay,  Maine. 


Canadian  Fruit  Crop. 

In  Eastern  Canada  heat  and  drought 
have  been  widespread,  in  some  oases  caus¬ 
ing  a  heavy  drop  and  small-sized  apples. 
A  wind  and  hail  storm  in  the  Niagara  sec¬ 
tion  did  great  damage  to  orchards.  Apples 
are  maturing  about  a  week  earlier  than 
usual.  The  crop  in  Nova  Scotia  will  be 
large  and  of  good  quality,  the  best  in  the 
Dominion.  Ontario  has  a  large  vield  of 


Kieffer  pears,  and  a  fair  crop  of  plums  and 
peaches.  Grapes  in  the  Niagara  section  are 
looking  well  except  where  damaged  by  hail. 
Small  fruits  an<l  early  tomatoes  wore  cut 
short  by  drought. 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE. 

In  July,  California  had  61 G  active  oil 
wells,  turning  out  6.937.862  barrels. 

Railroads  in  New  Jersey  will  this  year 
pay  tax  on  $99,978,304  valuation. 

Raw  silk  from  China,  valued  at  $1,000,- 
OOO.  arrived  in  New  York  this  week,  via  the 
Pacific  Coast.  * 

The  mackerel  catch  reported  at  Massa¬ 
chusetts  ports  this  year  is  considerably 
larger  than  for  1910,  about  44,000  barrels 
thus  far. 

The  Missouri  tomato  pack  will  be  very 
light.  Many  factories  arc  not  running  at 
all,  the  crop  being  a  practical  failure  owing 
to  heat  and  drought. 

It  would  take  several  men  with  hand¬ 
saws  to  equal  the  output  of  a  new  lumber 
mill  at  Klamath  Falls,  Oregon,  which  will 
turn  out  160,000  feet  per  day. 

In  Philadelphia  the  retail  dealers  have 
made  decided  advances  in  the  price  of 
•  meats.  Some  of  these  prices  are  :  24  cents 
for  pork  chops ;  30  cents  for  sliced  ham ; 
sirloin  steak.  28  cents;  roasts,  22  to  25 
cents. 

Fish  in  large  quantities  are  caught  for 
tin*  manufacture  of  oil  and  scrap  for  fer¬ 
tilizers.  One  of  the  improvements  in  this 
industry  is  a  floating  factory,  on  which  the 
fishing  boats  can  unload  their  cargoes  with¬ 
out  docking.  One  factory  of  this  kind,  cost¬ 
ing  $500,000.  is  now  working  off  Delaware 
Bay. 

Patent  medicines  to  the  alleged  value  of 
$7,000,000  were  exported  from  this  country 
during  1910.  About  $1,500,000  worth  went 
to  South  America;  $1,750,000  to  England; 
$64,000  to  Germany ;  $55,000  to  Spain ; 
$36,000  to  France;  China.  $30,000;  Aus¬ 
tralia.  $302,000,  and  to  the  Philippines, 
$107,000. 

Posting  advertising  signs  along  tiie  pub¬ 
lic  highways  in  New  York  State  is  now 
contrary  to  law.  •  Exception  is  made  in  the 
ease  of  public  notices,  fire  signs,  etc.  In 
many  sections  both  sides  of  the  road  form 
a  continuous  panorama  of  unsightly  patent 
medicine  or  similar  signs,  nailed  to  trees 
and  fences  or  painted  on  stones. 

A  Pennsylvania  man  arrived  at  Boston 
this  week  with  a  shipment  of  53  ostriches 
secured  in  Africa.  These  birds  were  got 
from  the  native  tribes  and  put  on  board  the 
vessel  secretly,  as  the  German,  French  and 
English  governments  in  whose  territory 
they  were  taken  have  strict  laws  against  the 
exportation  of  ostriches  from  Africa. 

Pears  and  plums  from  the  Far  West 
have  been  sidling  unusually  low  in  New 
York  recently,  owing  to  the  very  heavy  re¬ 
ceipts.  Bartlett  pears  have  wholesaled  as 
low  as  75  cents  per  box,  and  plums  70  cents 
per  four-basket  crate.  The  losses  to  ship¬ 
pers  have  in  some  cases  been  as  much  as 
$300  per  car.  At  these  prices  the  street 
peddlers  have  done  a  rushing  business,  as 
they  could  s-dl  twice  as  many  pears  for  10 
(cuts  as  ordinarily. 

Great  Britain’s  imports  for  the  seven 
months  ending  July  31  amounted  to  $1,- 
900.000,000.  The  largest  items  were  "rain 
and  flour.  $200,000,000;  meats,  $145,000,- 
000;  cotton,  $145,000,000;  wool,  $130,000,- 
000 ;  wood  and  timber,  $60,000,000.  Ex¬ 
ports  for  the  same  period  totaled  $1,290,- 
375.000,  the  chief  items  being  cotton  and 
wool  textiles,  $450,000,000  ;  iron  and  steel 
manufactures,  $125,000,000:  coal  and  coke, 
$106,000,000;  chemicals,  $55,000,000. 

“You  ought  to  go  around  to  the  fire 

house,”  said  the  elevator  man  to  an  errand 
boy  going  to  the  ninth  floor  of  a  large 

building  oast  of  the  Brooklyn  Bridge.  Later 
the  elevator  man  explained  that  the  boy 

needed  a  hair  cut,  and  in  that  part  of  the 

city  it  was  a  common  thing,  when  the  fire¬ 
men  had  a  little  leisure,  to  amuse  them¬ 
selves  by  barbering  with  the  horse  clippers 
as  closely  as  possible  any  street  hoys  who 
cared  for  that  sort  of  hair  cut :  not  stylish, 
hut  short  and  to  the  point,  and  very  dura¬ 
ble. 

Artificial  silk  to  the  amount  of  8.000.- 
000  pounds  is  annually  imported  into  this 
country  from  Europe.  This  is  entirely  dif¬ 
ferent  from  the  vegetable  silks,  and  various 
processes  giving  a  silk  finish  to  other  fab¬ 
rics.  The  artificial  silk  is  made  from  cot¬ 
ton  waste  dissolved  and  treated  by  chem¬ 
ical  processes  until  a  thick  liquid  very 
closely  resembling  the  material  secreted  by 
the  silkworm  is  formed,  and  then  spun  by 
an  operation  as  nearly  as  possible  resem¬ 
bling  the  natural  process  of  the  worm.  In 
the  vicinity  of  Lyons,  France,  nearly  30,000 
people  are  employed  in  making  this  arti¬ 
ficial  silk. 

He  doesn’t  worry  about  the  trusts  or  the 
tariff  or  reciprocity  or  the  “insurgents”  or 
any  of  the  various  new  isms  and  ologies  be¬ 
fore  the  public.  He  is  a  Chinaman  sitting  in 
his  little  shop  before  a  fire  on  which  are 
several  iron  molds  for  the  baking  of  rice 
cakes.  Beside  him  is  a  large  pan  of  batter. 

A  little  is  put  into  each  mold  ;  a  few  mo¬ 
ments  on  the  fire  does  the  job,  and  there 
you  have  a  crisp,  thin  wafer,  pretty  near 
the  top  notch  in  bakery  goods.  ITe  does 
not  worry — few  Chinamen  do — and  he  may 
lie  something  of  a  back  number,  but  he 
bakes  first-class  rice  cakes  and  makes  an 
honest  living,  and  keeps  calm  and  cheerful 
about  it. 

Ginseng  Outlook. — The  imports  of  the 
root  into  Hongkong  from  the  Fniled  States 
In  1910  amounted  to  94,000  pounds,  as  com¬ 
pared  with  160.800  pounds  in  1909  and 
146,933  pounds  in  1908.  and  these  figures 
practically  represent  the  total  imports  of 
the  port.  The  close  of  the  year  found 
stocks  on  hand  amounting  to  44.200  pounds, 
as  compared  with  70.000  pounds  in  De¬ 
cember.  1909,  and  31.000  pounds  in  Decem¬ 
ber  of  1908.  Tiie  season  of  1911  opened 
with  low  stocks  and  improved  demand,  and 
unless  early  arrivals  are  sueli  as  to  over¬ 
whelm  the  market  the  prospects  are  for 
good  prices  during  the  current  season. — 
Consular  Report. 

Price  Variations. — If  the  best  lambs 
sold  in  New  York  for  $9  per  hundred  last 
week  and  $8  or  $8.50  this,  it  might  natural¬ 
ly  be  concluded  that  the  price  of  lambs 
had  dropped.  This  would  not  necessarily 
follow,  however,  because  the  quality  of 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  September  9,  1911. 


FARM  TOPICS. 

A  Pennsylvania  Stone  Wall . 893  894 

Struggles  for  Alfalfa  in  Maine . 894 

behool  Gardens  and  Teaching  Agriculture  894 

Going  Back  to  the  Land” .  894 

Graduate  Agricultural  Reflections .  895 

A  Bunch  of  Questions .  ’  go* 

Pennsylvania  Weed  Law . 09* 

Fertilizer  with  Green  Manure .  soa 

A  Seedsman’s  Bluff . 898 

Harvesting  Soy  Beans .  '  oqo 

crop  Notes . ;;;;; . 

Coming  Farmers'  Meetings . 898 

Hope ^Farm0nN°Dn4aga  ^ .  Y”  ;  jjjg 


LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

Better  Milk — Better  Money.. 

Raising  Draft  Horses  on  the' Farm . 

A  \  irginia  Stock  Barn . )*. 

Vetch  as  Horse  Hay . 

Dropped  Sole  . 

Heaves  . . 

Ascites  . 

Foul  in  F"oot . • 

Facts  About  Feeding  Rape . 

Black  Cherry  Poisons  Cattle . 

What  About  “The  Poor  Man’s  Cow?’’”" 

Milk  . 

Milk  Regulation  in  Massachusetts . 

Garget  . 

Liars  About  Layers . . . 

A  Utility  Poultry  Test . ' 

A  Record  of  Laying . j 

Market  for  lien  Manure . 

Don’t  Mix  Them . 

Brahma  Crosses  . 

An  Ice  Cream  Farm . 

A  Milk  Inspector’s  Work . 


895 

908 

909 
909 
909 
909 
909 

909 

910 
910 

910 

911 
911 

911 

912 
912 
912 
912 
912 

912 

913 
913 


HORTICULTURE. 


Drying  the  Feet  of  Apple  Trees .  893 

An  Experience  with  Tree  Agents .  894 

Tree  Agents  and  Unoccupied  Farms .  894 

A  Courageous  Apple  Tree .  894 

Insect  Enemies  of  the  Apple  Tree .  897 

Advice  from  Home .  899 

New  Hybrid  Raspberries .  903 

Nut  Trees;  Fall  Planting . 903 

Peach  Pits  and  Stocks .  903 

Daffodils  in  Frames .  903 

Mignonette  and  Ants . 903 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME.  ~ 

From  Day  to  Day .  906 

Charity  Sweetheart’s  Letter .  906 

The  Rural  Patterns .  907 

Some  Homemade  Troches .  907 

Beef  Loaf .  907 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


Honey  Bees  and  Tobacco .  896 

Dripping  Chimney  .  897 

Will  Concrete  Icehouse  Satisfy? .  897 

Editorials  .  904 

Publisher’s  Desk  .  914 


those  offered  this  week  might  be  much 
lower.  In  fact,  this  week’s  market  might 
actually  be  higher,  so  that  the  $9  quality 
ol'  last  week  might  bring  $10  if  here  now. 
Contradictory  as  this  seems  it  is  likely  to 
happen  any  day  in  sales  of  products  for 
which  there  are  no  standard  market  grades. 
Hence  a  correct  comparative  interpretation 
of  one  day’s  or  week's  market  prices  with 
another  requires  close  observation  of  qual¬ 
ity  as  well  as  selling  price.  Efforts  are 
being  made  to  develop  standard  grades  in 
butter,  eggs,  fruits  and  some  vegetables, 
fancy  creamery  butter  conics  perhaps  near¬ 
est  to  being  a  standard,  and  a  price  change 
In  this  is  a  quite  certain  indication  of  a 
change  in  market  tone.  w.  w.  h. 


Self-Burning  Limb.— We  thought  all 
the  different  kinds  of  lime  had  been  de¬ 
scribed  in  The  R.  N.-Y.,  but  a  new  one  is 
mentioned  by  Consul  John  D.  Whiting 
of  Jerusalem.  This  lime  seems  to  he  well 
filled  with  petroleum :  “The  quarrying  is 
easily  done  with  primitive  picks  and  other 
tools,  as  the  rock  is  quite  soft  and  full  of 
seams.  The  stone  is  broken  into  small 
pieces  with  hammers  and  piled  up  against 
the  bank  of  rock.  A  wall  of  the  same  ma¬ 
terial  about  two  feet  high  is  roughly  laid 
up  around  the  pile  on  tnree  sides,  making 
a  pile  of  small  stone  eight  to  10  feet  long 
and  nearly  as  wide,  and  two  feet  at  the 
front,  rising  to  nearly  three  times  that 
height  at  the  hack  where  It  lies  against 
the  bank.  In  building  the  wall  around  the 
pile  small  holes  are  lert  for  draft  and  in 
which  to  start  the  fire.  When  the  kiln 
is  ready  to  burn,  a  few  small  bunches  of 
straw  are  placed  in  the  holes  mentioned, 
lit  with  flint  and  steel,  and  in  a  short 
time  the  whole  pile  has  ignited.  The  men 
then  begin  working  on  a  new  kiln  while 
the  other  burns  and  cools.  After  about  12 
hours  of  burning  the  stone  has  all  become 
converted  into  lime,  except  the  stones  in 
the  wall  and  the  very  top  layer,  which  are 
only  about  half  burned.  When  cool  the 
lime  is  air-slaked  and  sifted  to  remove  any 
pieces  not  thoroughly  burned,  which  are 
thrown  Into  a  new  pile  to  he  fired  again.” 


JELUFFE,  WRIGHT  &  COMPANY, 

Commission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York. 
Poultry,  Eggs.  Meats,  Produce.  Shipments  Solicited. 


D  I.IC  A  SK  semi  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Coni- 
*  mission  House  in  New  York.  lCst.  1838.  Butter. 
K tills.  Poultry.  Pork.  Calves.  Hay.  Grain.  1U mis’ 
Apples,  etc.  K.  It.  WOODWARD,  3l)i!  Iliee.ivicli  Si..  \.Y.' 

Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.(  -  Boston. 


Highest  prices  guaranteed  for  White  or  Brown 
I .eghorns  or  mixed  eggs.  Also  high  grade  butter. 
W rite  us  for  information.  A  trial  will  convince  you 
of  our  ability  to  obtain  extreme  prices.  Address 

JOHNSTONE  O  COUGHLAN, 

172  Duane  Street,  t  :  New  York 

JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY . 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 


eie> 


THE  KURAE  NEW-YORKER 


September  9,  1911. 


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With  our  immense  new  building  material  plant  running  full  blast  and^the  biggest,  finest  stock  of  new  Doors,  Windows, 
Millwork  and  Lumber  in  the  country  ready  for  immediate  shipment,  we  are  going  to  knock  the  bottom  out  of  building  material  prices. 

Chance  of  a  Lifetime  to  Build  at  Small  Cost! 

ROOFING 


Our  Grand  Free  Home  Builders’  Catalog  offers  Millwork  and  Lumber  of  every  de¬ 
scription — the  best  in  America — at  prices  that  will  save  you  several  hundred  dollars  on 
the  cost  of  that  new  house  or  barn.  We  can  save  you  about  HALF  the  usual  prices  on 
Millwork.  We  can  save  you  $100  to  $300  on  every  carload  of  Lumber. 

It’s  the  chance  of  a  lifetime  to  build  you  a  beautiful  new  home  or  a  fine  barn,  or  any 
other  building,  at  an  enormous  saving.  We  ship  wherever  railroads  run.  We  give  full 
measure,  guaranteeed  quality  and  a  square  deal  all  the  way  through.  All  goods  guaran¬ 
teed  up  to  the  official  grades  of  the  Sash  and  Door  Manufacturers’  Association. 

We  supply  everything  that  goes  into  a  building. 
In  addition  to  all  “stock”  sizes  of  doors,  windows 
and  millwork,  we  have  designed  scores  of  special 
styles  and  sizes  to  harmonize  with  the  latest  archi¬ 
tectural  ideas.  Send  the  coupon  for  our  Grand  Free 
Millwork  Catalog,  our  beautiful  Book  of  Plans,  our 
Lumber  Price  List  and  Roofing  Book. 

-  The  pictures  shown  here  show  how  little  it  costs  to 
build  houses  and  barns  from  our  materials. 


rmsFNU  ]' 

I  MtSyjfpivB  I 

Stand  onS 


Price  Per 
Roll  of  108 
Square  Feet 

Of  Higrhest  Guaran¬ 
teed  Quality. 


Al  4  buys  all  the  Lumber  and  Millwork  for 
V  l,v  1 0  this  7-room  house.  Plan  No.  119. 

Low  Prices 


Ffivery  car  poll  ter 
a  country  praises  tho 
quality  of  our  building  material. 


Roof  Book 

Free 


Flight 
of  Stairs 
Complete 
and  Ready  to 
Put  Together* 


We  offer  a  splendid  variety  of  Stair  Mate, 
rial  in  Oak  and  Yellow  Pine.  Our  designs  ad¬ 
mit  of  many  variations.  Our  prices  save  you 
from  S60  to  S125  on  a  complete  flight  of  stairs. 
See  Catalog  for  latest  stair  designs. 


FREE! 


bays  all  the  Lumber  and  Millwork  for 
this  beautiful  bungalow.  Plan  No.  106. 


Guaranteed  5938 

Doors  and  Windows 

Our  new  catalog  quotes  the  lowest  prices  obtainable  anywhere  on 
Doors  and  Windows.  In  our  great  warehouses  we  carry  a  vast  stock 
of  Doors  and  Windows— all  bright,  new  goods— 
Tr*~S  which  we  sell  at  about  HALF  what  the  retail 
dealer  demands.  We  fill  orders  for  “stock” 
sizes  within  48  hours. 

We  have,  in  addition,  a  multitude  of  special 
fancy  doors  and  windows  in  all  the  popular  pat¬ 
terns  at  very  low  prices  Ask  for  catalog. 


for  this 
i  Strong  Door 


Porch 

Brackets 


for  2-light 
Check  Rail 
Window 


‘UsEl  Stair 
Newels 


I®*  Porch 
Newels 


$150 


CCQC  buys  all  the  Lumber  aitd  Millwork  for 
vDOO  this  bam.  Plan  No.  202. 

Don’t  Build 

Until  You  Get  Our 

Anti -Trust 

Prices  on 


$698 


buys  all  the  Lumber  and  Millwork 
for  this  8-room  house.  Plan  No.  100. 


LIMBER! 

Save  $100  to  $300 
on  Every  Carload! 


Head  Blocks  4c 

fh 


Corner 
Clocks  2c 


Colonial 

Porch 

Column 


Our  daily  sales  of  lumber  are  enormous. 
We  operate  a  large  plant  and  control  the 
output  of  others.  We  guarantee  our  grades. 
We  follow  the  Official  Grading  Rules. 

Estimates  Free  gjgsi-fig 

List  or  send  your  lumber  bill  for  free  estimate. 


41167  buys  all  the  Lumber  and  Mill- 
00  »l  work  for  this  8- room  house. 
Plan  No.  12L 

Sign  and  Mall  y 
TODAY!  S 


Book  of  50  Plans 

FRFF  The  Plan  Book 

■  wins  out  be¬ 

cause  every  house  in  it 
has  actually  been  built 
at  figures  stated.  Cost 
never  exceeds  esti¬ 
mate  if  you  build  from 
our  plans.  Book  con¬ 
tains  about  50  plans  of 
the  newest  designs  in 
Houses,  Bungalows  and 
Cottages  costing  $600  to 
$6,000.  Every  home¬ 
builder  needs  this  splen¬ 
did  volume.  Free  on  re¬ 
ceipt  of  10c  to  cover  cost 
of  postage  and  mailing. 


V  Our  Grand  FREE  Millwork  Catalog 

Has  Saved  the  Public  Millions  of  DoUars! 


4 


Free  Books 


CORDON-VAN  TINE  CO. 

2627  Case  St.,  Davenport,  Iowa 

Please  send  the  FREE  BOOKS  checked  below  to 


Get  a  copy  of  “The  Big  Four”  Building  Material  Books  and  see  the  astounding  low  prices. 

Read  our  sweeping  guarantee  of  quality,  safe  delivery  and  satisfaction  or  money  back  and  freight 
paid  both  ways.  Three  big  banks  back  up  every  word  of  it.  Our  customers,  for  whom  we  hav@ 
saved  millions,  confirm  it.  The  editor  of  this  paper  will  vouch  for  every  statement  we  make. 

Remember,  we  have  been  established  here  since  1865,  and  the  very  life  of  our  business  depends 
on  our  "making  good.” 

Stop  Pouring  Profits  Into  the  “Middleman’s”  Till! 

Save  your  hard-earned  dollars!  Take  advantage  of  our  record-breaking  reductions  from  retail 
prices.  Send  for  our  Free  Catalogs,  make  up  a  trial  order  and  let  us  prove  that  lowest  prices, 
high  grade  goods,  prompt  shipment,  safe  delivery  and  guaranteed  satisfaction  mean  exactly 

what  we  say.  We  have  some  great  news  for  you.  Send  the  coupon  or  a  letter  at  once.  (237)  .  _____  ...  „  . _ 1  _  , _ , 

GORDON -VAN  TINE  CO.,  2627  Case  St.,  DAVENPORT,  IOWA  j  Roofing  □  Plan  Book  □ 


Address ....... 


Nam*. . 

t 

I 
I 
I 

|  Occupation 

9  Millwork  □  Lumber  □  B0y0K,Wencf«»i>l Wc  • 

to  cover  cost  of  post*  * 
age  and  mailing.  * 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4116. 


“FARM  POLITICS”  AND  FARMERS. 

That  35-cent  Dollar. 

I  have  read  your  editorial  on  ‘'Farm  Politics,”  and 
most  heartily  commend  the  advice  that  farmers  ex¬ 
ercise  more  influence  in  the  selection  of  the  men  who 
represent  them  in  State  and  national  legislatures. 
Many  years  ago  farmers  used  to  go  to  caucuses  and 
there  deliberate  over  the  men  who  should  represent 
them  in  town  and  county  matters,  and  in  the  Legisla¬ 
ture,  but  in  recent  years  caucuses  have1  been  domi¬ 
nated  by  a  few  local  politicians,  who  have  gathered 
together  a  generally  irresponsible  class  of  men  in 
the  community,  and  forced  through  the  slate  that 
they  had  decided  to  carry.  The  best  class  of  farmers 
for  years  have  had  to  meet  this  element  in  caucuses — 
a  class  of  ignorant,  irresponsible  hangers-on  about 
saloons  that  are  used  for  this  purpose  in  every  coun¬ 
try  town,  and  against  this  class  contest  their  right  to 
have  a  voice  in  the  expenditure  of  the 
money  which  they  are  taxed  to  supply 
for  public  use  and  to  select  men  whom 
they  would  like  to  represent  them. 

The  farmers  in  any  voting  district 
may  have  absolute  control  over  their 
caucuses  if  they  will  come  together  and 
act  for  their  own  interest,  but  so  long 
as  they  stand  for  their  party  they  will 
continue  to  be  fooled  and  duped  by 
leaders  as  they  have  been  in  the  past. 

These  irresponsible  local  politicians 
know  no  party  lines.  While  they  brand 
the  farmer  who  dares  to  follow  his  own 
convictions  to  act  or  vote  independ¬ 
ently,  as  a  traitor  to  his  party,  these 
same  leaders,  as  soon  as  farmers  do 
take  independent  action,  throw  their 
forces  together,  regardless  of  party 
affiliation,  to  win  their  slate.  It  is  for 
these  reasons  that  farmers  have  so 
largely  dropped  out  of  caucuses,  the 
most  important  place  where  their  influ¬ 
ence  is  needed,  because  of  the  eternal 
conflict 'which  they  have  to  meet  if  they 
attempt  to  use  their  influence  against 
those  whose  personal  interests  are  put 
above  the  public  good. 

I  believe  this  condition  in  country 
politics  is  going  to  be  changed.  Farmers 
are  slow  to  act.  They  work  by  them¬ 
selves,  but  they  think  for  themselves, 
and  when  they  do  decide  to  do  anything 
they  do  it,  and  effectively.  At  the  present  time  more 
of  co-operation  is  the  need  of  every  farming  com¬ 
munity,  and  this  is  the  only  solution  of  the  farmer’s 
problems,  which  are  now  more  serious  than  at  any 
time  in  farming  experience.  His  taxes  are  increasing 
every  year,  and  while  vast  millions  of  personal  prop¬ 
erty  escapes  taxation,  the  farmer’s  land  lies  open  to 
sight  and  he  has  to  carry  a  burden  of  taxation  out  of 
all  proportion  to  the  wealth  of  the  country.  When 
farmers  will  get  together  on  a  business  proposition 
hke  this  rather  than  stand  apart  on  a  political  mis¬ 
conception  of  their  duty,  they  can  correct  any  injus¬ 
tice  and  cast  off  an  oppressive  burden,  while  at  the 
same  time  they  will  command  a  self-respecting  posi¬ 
tion  in  so  doing. 

Too  long  have  farmers  been  at  the  mercy  of  city 
tradesmen,  the  middlemen,  who  are  an  intermediate 
element  between  the  producer  and  the  consumer,  and 
who  return  to  the  producer  any  value  they  may  see 
fit,  while  putting  cost  on  the  consumer  to  the  limit 
of  endurance.  After  expending  his  money  and  labor 


in  producing  crops,  after  they  leave  his  hands  there 
is  no  responsibility  whatever  over  their  value,  and 
here  again  farmers  must  step  in  and  demand  some 
accountability.  1  hey  have  the  right  to  know  whether 
they  are  getting  their  due  share  of  what  their  co-part- 
ners,  the  consumers,  have  to  pay  for  their  products. 
There  are  two  things  which  farmers  need  to  do:  first, 
to  demand  accountability  on  the  part  of  ' the  commis¬ 
sion  men  who  sell  their  products.  A  year  ago  we  re¬ 
ceived  a  letter  from  a  city  man  whom  we  had  ad¬ 
vised  in  the  management  of  his  farm,  saying  he  was 
not  getting  above  $1.50  to  $1.75  a  barrel  for  his  apples, 
well  graded  and  packed.  We  advised  him  to  put  up 
10  to  20  barrels  the  same  as  he  had  done,  and  send 
his  farmer  to  the  city  to  buy  his  own  apples,  which 
he  did.  When  the  apples  were  unloaded  at  the  store 
his  farmer  was  on  hand  and  began  to  bargain  for  the 
lot,  which  he  bought,  paying  $4.50  a  barrel  for  them. 
Two  days  afterward  the  bills  of  sales  were  received, 


sive  as  to  become  the  present  great  problem  in  the 
cost  of  living,  that  has  reached  a  point  of  extreme 
oppression,  for  which  the  farmers  are  not  at  all 
responsible. 

To  a  considerable  extent  commission  men  are  es¬ 
sential.  The  farmers  have  the  right  to  protection  and 
responsibility  in  the  handling  of  their  products 
through  this  channel,  but  they  will  not  get  it  fully 
until  they  have  representation  in  the  legislature  that 
will  stand  for  their  rights.  The  recent  action  of  a 
court  in  New  York  City  in  sending  to  jail  a  number 
of  poultry  dealers,  in  addition  to  paying  a  fine,  for 
their  crooked  dealings  in  defrauding  producers  and 
oppressing  consumers,  is  most  wholesome.  For  a  long 
time  these  men  have  had  money  at  the  Legislature  to 
defeat  legislation  that  would  interfere  with  their  illegi¬ 
timate  ways  of  doing  business. 

The  old  type  of  politics  that  has  stood  for  the  sel¬ 
fish  interests  of  the  few  is  being  thrown  to  the  winds, 
and  that  in  the  common  interest  is 
steadily  coming  to  the  front.  The  time 
is  ripe  for  the  farmer  to  again  come  to 
his  own.  It  is  only  necessary  for  him 
to  assert  and  to  use  the  influence  which 
he  has  always  possessed,  but  which,  for 
a  long  time,  he  has  not  properly  exer¬ 
cised.  The  opportunity  is  now  his,  with 
the  entire  consuming  class  to  back  him 
in  all  reasonable  demands.  The  courts 
realize  the  condition  of  the  times  and 
will  enforce  laws  that  are  in  the  inter¬ 
est  of  the  masses.  Will  farmers  now 
come  to  the  front  again  and  take  advan¬ 
tage  of  these  more  hopeful  conditions, 
drop  petty  politics  and  get  down  to 
business?  It  is  up  to  them  now,  and  I 
believe  they  will  make  good. 

GEORGE  T.  POWELL. 


A  PENNSYLVANIA  GIRL  AND  HER  CALF.  Fig.  356 


and  as  usual,  for  $1.50  a  barrel,  with  10  per  cent  com¬ 
mission  for  selling  and  10  cents  a  barrel  for  cartage. 
The  owner  of  this  farm,  being  a  business  man,  at 
once  made  out  a  bill  for  his  entire  shipments,  covering 
several  months,  at  $4.50  a  barrel,  notifying  the  com¬ 
mission  firm  that  he  had  bought  his  own  apples  at 
that  price,  and  if  prompt  settlement  were  not  made 
and  check  received  for  the  amount  of  his  bill  he 
should  begin  proceedings  to  collect  the  bill.  The  re¬ 
sult  was  that  the  check  for  the  full  amount  came  to 
him  without  delay. 

The  farmers  of  our  country  have  been  robbed  in 
this  manner  by  middlemen  of  millions  of  dollars  an¬ 
nually,  because  there  has  been  no  responsibility  lodged 
with  the  salesmen  in  their  part  of  the  transaction.  It 
is  to  correct  this  abuse  that  the  Collin  bill  was  pro¬ 
posed,  which  will  not  injure  the  honest  commission 
man,  though  it  will  make  him  some  additional  labor. 
The  consumer  is  equally  interested  with  the  farmer 
in  any  reasonable  legislation  that  shall  protect  them 
both  from  abuse  of  this  character,  which  is  so  exten¬ 


BUCKWHEAT  AS  A  FARM  CROP. 

The  name  is  a  modification  of  beech- 
wheat,  by  which  name  it  was  originally 
known,  owing  to  its  similarity  in  form 
to  that  of  the  beechnut.  It  is  a  native 
of  Central  Asia,  and  although  it  is 
classed  botanically  with  smartweed, 
knotweed,  goose-grass,  dock  and  sheep 
sorrel,  it  is,  in  spite  of  its  kinship,  one 
of  our  most  valuable  cereals.  And  yet 
it  seems  to  the  writer  that  no  other 
farm  crop  is  so  universally  misunder¬ 
stood  and  misjudged.  Because  it  will  grow  on  poor 
land  it  is  generally  regarded  as  a  poor  land  crop. 
The  average  yield  of  buckwheat  is  less  than  10  bushels 
per  acre,  but  its  capacity  is  equal  to  that  of  oats,  wheat 
or  rye  when  fairly  treated  with  an  equal  chance.  I 
have  known  it  to  yield  52  bushels  from  a  measured 
acre,  and  from  a  measured  peck  of  seed.  This  sug¬ 
gests  another  principal  cause  of  its  failure  in  produc¬ 
tion.  Too  much  seed  is  sown;  one-half  or  three- 
fourths  of  a  bushel  to  the  acre  gives  each  plant  scant 
room  for  anything  like  natural  development.  The 
lateral  branches  are  so  dwarfed  that  they  produce 
but  a  fraction  of  the  yield,  though  nature  designed 
these  for  the  larger  and  better  part  of  the  yield. 
No  other  of  our  common  grains  is  so  slightly  de¬ 
pendent  upon  climatic  conditions  as  is  this,  and  yet 
it  is  quite  generally  believed  and  asserted  that  it  re¬ 
quires  the  low  temperature  of  late  August  and  early 
September  nights  in  order  to  mature  well.  Buckwheat 
is  a  good  honey  plant,  and  to  accommodate  several 
swarms  of  bees  I  sowed  a  half  acre  in  May  of  the 


NEW  YORK,  SEPTEMBER  16,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR 


©18 

present  season  with  the  intention  of  plowing  it  under 
as  a  humus  producer.  Being  belated  in  accomplishing 
this  the  crop  matured  sufficiently  to  show  plainly  that 
if  allowed  to  mature  fully  a  good  yield  would  have 
been  the  result.  The  area  is  now  well  stocked  with 
the  ripened  seed,  and  is  beginning  to  bloom. 

1  Buckwheat  is  sometimes  used  to  subdue  tough 
lands,  but  here  is  a  conundrum.  No  other  plant  is 
so  superficially  rooted,  as  the  strongest  plant  can  be 
easily  uprooted  by  the  foot.  Whence  then  its  power 
to  mellow  stubborn  soils?  In  nutritive  value  it  stands 
high  in  comparison  with  any  other  grain.  A  prom¬ 
inent  agricultural  paper  recently  published  the  asser¬ 
tion  that  its  nutritive  value  is  twice  as  great  as  that 
of  oats,  and  three  times  that  of  corn.  This  the  writer 
is  unable  to  re-assert  or  intelligently  question,  having 
no  data  upon  which  to  found  an  opinion.  It  is  often 
charged  with  poisoning  the  soil,  and  is  always  barred 
from  any  place  in  rotation.  I  am  fully  convinced 
that  this  is  in  part  the  popular  misjudgment  of  its 
value.  Corn  will  follow  it  successfully,  and  from  my 
own  experience  grass  finds  no  objection  to  it  as  a 
precedent.  But  it  neither  asks  nor  demands  a  place  in 
rotation,  for  it  is  capable  of  succeeding  itself  for  an 
indefinite  term  of  years.  My  memory  recalls  the  fact 
that  a  certain  field  had  been  cropped  with  this  grain 
for  26  years  without  being  fertilized  except  by  fallow¬ 
ing  and  that  the  crop  there  growing  was  a  fairly 
good  one.  During  the  recent  long-continued  and 
severe  drought,  while  all  other  crops  find  growth 
and  even  life  difficult  to  maintain,  my  buckwheat, 
even  when  the  driver  and  his  team  were  almost 
blinded  by  the  clouds  of  dust,  germinated  readily  and 
seems  to  be  indifferent  to  the  intense  heat  of  the  past 
or  the  forecast  for  the  future,  and  at  harvest  time  it 
promises  a  full  reward  for  the  small  cost  of  its  pro¬ 
duction.  L.  p.  c. 

Rocky  Hill,  Conn. 


THE  FIRST  EGG. 

One  of  my  March  pullets  laid  her  first  egg  this  week. 
She  is  a  beauty,  the  kind  that  makes  the  heart  of  the 
hen  man  glad — pure  white,  bright  red  in  comb  and 
wattle,  just  ripe  for  the  harvest  and  singing  the  sweet¬ 
est  little  laying  song  ever.  “Some  build  to  her,  too,” 
as  the  fellows  say  of  creatures  feminine.  Certainly,  I 
am  in  love  with  her,  as  every  year  I  always  am  and 
always  will  be  with  my  first  pullet.  But  to  the  hen 
man  on  the  job,  though  the  first  egg  may  mean  pleas¬ 
ure,  it  surely  does  mean  business.  It  is  the  end  of  the 
Summer  breathing  space  and  the  opening  gun  in  the 
Fall  campaign  when  eggs  are  eggs.  It  means  that  the 
first  of  my  pullets  are  ready  for  Winter  quarters,  and 
that  the  rest  will  soon  follow.  They  should  be  gath¬ 
ered  in  from  their  coops  and  the  trees  where  they 
roost  some  little  time  before  they  are  ready  to  lay. 
This  gives  them  a  chance  to  get  used  to  their  new 
home  and  give  their  undivided  attention  to  an  early 
slart  in  laying.  Nothing,  I  think,  sets  them  back  more 
than  leaving  them  out  until  frost  comes,  and  then  some 
dark  night  catching  them  and  carrying  them  any  old 
way  to  cover.  When  they  are  just  getting  ready  to 
lay  is  a  time  of  all  others  when  they  ought  to  be  han¬ 
dled  gently.  If  they  have  already  started  to  lay  the 
chances  are  that  they  will  be  very  slow  getting  started 
again,  and  the  hen  man  wonders  why  they  don't  lay. 
Getting  them  under  cover,  too,  lessens  the  chance  of 
loss  from  thieves  and  other  beasts.  My  experience 
has  been  that  in  the  early  Fall  a  good  lock  and  a 
roof  is  a  heap  sight  better  protection  for  dollar  pul¬ 
lets  than  a  tree  limb  and  the  open  sky.  As  our  cook 
said  only  yesterday,  “Yest,  suh,  dere’s  plent  eroun’ 
awaiting  to  pick  them  up.” 

When  they  are  about  to  lay,  too,  is  the  time  whefi 
they  should  be  getting  used  to  the  feed  and  the  de¬ 
gree  of  confinement  they  will  be  subjected  to  during 
the  coming  months.  It  is  well  to  remember  that  any 
change  in  their  surroundings  after  they  have  once 
begun  to  lay  will  seriously  lessen  the  egg  yield  and 
the  profits.  It  is  best,  too,  not  to  begin  heavy  feed¬ 
ing  all  at  once.  Have  them  where  you  can  gradually 
increase  the  amount  of  meat  and  protein  giving  feeds 
and  there  is  less  chance  of  their  overdoing  at  the 
start  and  going  stale  just  when  eggs  are  highest. 

The  old  hens  need  attention  now  as  well.  Get  them 
through  the  moult  early.  The  chances  are  against 
heavy  Winter  laying,  if  you  don’t  get  them  on  the 
job  early  in  the  Fall.  If  they  are  on  free  range,  be 
sure  they  have  plenty  of  feed  just  the  same.  Linseed 
meal  in  a  dry  mash,  fed  them  in  a  hopper  so  they  can 
get  to  it  at  any  time,  will  hasten  the  change  and  leave 
them  in  good  shape.  A  good  mash  where  corn  is 
fed  for  grain,  is  two  pounds  wheat  bran,  one  pound 
wheat  middlings,  half  pound  beef  scraps,  half  pound 
linseed  meal.  If  you  can  grow  and  feed  sunflower 
seed,  you  will  save  on  the  linseed,  which  costs  about 
$1.85  per  hundred,  and  can  be  got  from  any  large 


September  16, 

RAPID  METHOD  OF  ORCHARD  PLANTING 

The  accompanying  diagram,  Fig.  359,  shows  a  rapid 
and  efficient  method  of  orchard  planting  which  the 
writer  has  seen  used  several  times  of  late  in  mak¬ 
ing  large  plantings.  It  works  out  admirably  in  prac¬ 
tice  even  where  the  ground  is  quite  rolling.  By  re¬ 
ferring,  to  the  diagram,  let  A  B  C  D  E  represent  the 
field  to  be  planted,  the  road  being  along  B  C.  It  is 
desirable  then  that  the  rows  be  parallel  with  the  road. 
The  first  step  is  to  measure  out  from  D  C  the  dis- 


PLANTJNG  TRIANGLE.  Fig.  358. 

tance  it  is  desired  to  have  the  trees  from  the  fence, 
and  set  stakes  at  D  and  C.  Next  with  a  carpenter’s 
square  or  a  larger  triangle  made  of  three  pieces  of 
board,  six,  eight  and  10  feet  long  respectively,  as 
shown  in  Fig.  358,  lay  out  the  line  D  X  at  right  angles 
to  D  C  and  set  stakes  along  it  at  the  distance  apart 
the  trees  are  to  be  planted,  beginning  at  D.  In  the 
same  manner  the  line  H  B  B  is  run  at  right  angles 
to  D  C,  and  stakes  set  as  at  D  X.  Now  beginning 
at  D,  or  at  a  point  on  D  C,  at  a  point  the  desired 
distance  from  the  side  D  E  of  the  field  stakes  are  set 
along  D  C,  where  the  trees  are  to  be  planted.  At  B 
the  line  B  Y  is  laid  out  at  right  angles  to  B  B,  and 
stakes  are  set  along  it  corresponding  to  those  along 
D  C,  having  number  1  the  same  distance  from  D  X 
as  number  1  on  the  line  DC.  If  possible  to  see  the 
entire  distance  of  the  field  no  more  stakes  are  set.  If 
not,  another  row  is  set  one  way  through  the  middle 
of  the  field. 

The  stakes  having  been  set,  a  man  with  a  good 
team  lays  out  furrows  along  the  rows  the  long  way 
of  the  field,  as  at  M  N.  When  this  is  done  two 
heavy  wires  long  enough  to  reach  across  the  narrow 
way  of  the  field  are  taken  and  stretched  across  for 
the  first  two  rows  at  D  C  and  I  J.  To  operate  at  the 
best  advantage  four  men  do  the  planting,  one  begin¬ 
ning  at  either  end  of  the  wire,  and  each  of  the  others 
just  one-fourth  of  the  way  across  from  either  end. 
The  trees  having  been  previously  distributed,  each 
man  begins  planting  toward  the  center,  setting  the 
tree  at  the  intersection  of  the  wire  and  the  furrow, 
and  sighting  so  as  to  get  it  in  as  exact  a  line  as  pos¬ 
sible.  When  all  the  trees  in  that  row  are  planted, 
two  men  have  met  at  the  center  and  the  other  two 
are  at  the  position  the  first  two  occupied  at  the  be¬ 
ginning.  They  now  cross  over  to  the  second  wire 

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PLAN  FOR  ORCHARD.  Fig.  359. 

and  plant  toward  the  outside.  When  all  the  trees  are 
planted  in  this  row  the  men  have  reached  their  first 
positions.  Both  wires  are  now  moved  to  the  next 
rows  and  the  operation  repeated.  The  advantages  of 
this  system  are:  First,  that  a  part  of  the  earth  is 
removed  by  the  plow ;  second,  that  if  the  furrow  is 
straight  the  trees  must  almost  surely  be  in  line  if 
planted  with  care,  and  third,  that  the  planters  do  no 
extra  walking  to  set  the  wires  when  two  wires  are 
used.  Like  every  other  method  of  laying  out  an  or¬ 
chard,  accuracy  depends  largely  on  the  laying  out  of 
the  base  lines  at  exactly  right  angles. 

Pennsylvania.  W.  j.  wright. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

feed  dealer.  If  you  neglected  to  get  rid  of  some  of 
the  old  stagers  last  Spring,  don’t  put  it  off.  Do  it 
now.  You  cannot  afford  to  keep  them  over  Winter. 
Give  those  that  can  lay  a  chance  to  show  what  they 
can  do. 

And  another  thing,  plenty  of  green  feed  means 
eggs,  both  in  the  Winter  and  early  Spring.  If  you 
haven’t  enough  to  carry  you  through,  plow  up  or 
disk  the  land  your  chickens  have  been  running  on, 
and  seed  it  to  rye.  It  will  help  wonderfully  beside 
sweetening  the  ground  and  putting  the  droppings  to 
use  before  any  are  wasted.  In  the  South,  it  is  still 
worth  while  to  plant  turnips — Cow-horn  are  best,  I 
think — since  they  grow  fast  and  keep  well.  Also  have 
an  eye  to  your  early  hatched  chickens  next  Spring- 
Set  aside  three  or  four  garden  rows  and  plant  to 
kale.  It  will  come  on  early  and  will  prove  a  saving 
in  feed  and  make  the  juiciest  of  broilers.  One  word 
more;  if  your  first  egg  has  been  laid,  be  moving. 

Maryland.  R.  b. 


THE  PEANUT  IN  INDIANA. 

This  plant,  long  thought  to  be  available  only  in 
southern  sections,  is  found  to  be  as  much  at  home  on 
our  soils  as  in  the  South.  In  fact  I  believe  that  with 
careful  culture  I  could  produce  more  per  acre  here 
than  can  be  done  in  the  South.  It  is  a  plant  that 
stands  drought  almost  to  an  extreme.  My  plants 
at  this  writing  (July  14)  are  as  green  and  thrifty  as 
though  no  drought  was  prevailing,  while  potatoes  and 
corn,  yes,  even  weeds,  are  suffering.  They  are  now 
blooming,  and  in  working  this  morning  among  them 
I  unearthed  nuts  one-third  grown.  No  insect  of  any 


INDIANA  PEANUTS.  Fig.  357. 

kind  will  molest  the  plant,  and  I  know  of  no  disease 
that  it  is  subject  to.  For  stock  uses  it  is  much 
grown  in  the  South,  and  I  feel  sure  the  same  can  be 
done  here. 

Planted  in  rows  three  feet  apart  and  18  inches  be¬ 
tween  hills  one  can  have  10,000  hills  of  nuts,  and 
allowing  the  small  average  of  only  one-half  a  pint 
to  the  hill,  the  yield  would  be  near  90  bushels  per 
acre.  Two  beans  to  the  hill  will  give  better  returns 
than  that.  I  purpose  measuring  off  sections  to  prove 
the  yield  of  each  of  the  several  kinds  I  grow.  The 
top  growth  makes  most  excellent  hay,  and  for  green 
forage  for  stock  when  the  nuts  are  about  mature,  it 
is  excellent.  The  Virginia  is  a  standard  sort,  large 
nut  and  vigorous  grower.  The  Jumbo  or  New  Or¬ 
leans  Mammoth  is  the  largest  nut  grown.  It  is  of  a 
bushy  growth,  and  yields  large  crops.  The  Carolina 
Red  is  a  nut  of  fine  quality,  trailing  growth,  and 
quite  productive.  The  belief  that  the  bloom  must  be 
covered  to  produce  the  nut  is  erroneous.  From  the 
bloom  when  matured  a  spikelet  or  thorn-like  stem 
comes,  and  this  enters  the  ground  and  produces  the 
peanut.  If  the  ground  is  loose  this  spikelet  will  go - 
down  three  inches  before  the  nut  is  produced.  The 
domestic  use  of  the  peanut  is  becoming  extensive  and 
I  predict  that  before  many  years  its  cultivation  will 
be  very  extensive  in  this  section  and  throughout  the 
Northwest;  Iowa  and  Nebraska  furnish  large  quan¬ 
tities  now.  J-  H.  HAYNES. 

Indiana. 

The  latest  is  a  man  travelling  in  North  Carolina  claim¬ 
ing  to  sell  maps  for  the  U.  S.  Government.  He  picks  up 
$2.50  when  he  finds  people  green  enough  to  believe  his 
story.  Let  him  alone.  The  U.  S.  Government  employs 
no  map  sellers. 


1911. 


©19 


GROWING  PEACH  SEEDLINGS  IN  WESTERN 
NEW  YORK. 

Where  the  Seed  Comes  From. 

To  grow  a  peach  seedling  requires  a  great  amount 
of  careful  attention  in  getting  the  pits,  having  them 
germinate,  and  getting  them  to  grow  big  enough  to 
be  budded  the  same  year  that  the  seed  is  planted. 
Northern  nurserymen  experience  more  difficulty  than 
the  southern  growers,  but  this  work  has  to  be  done  in 
the  north  to  get  trees  adapted  to  the  climate.  It  is 
the  common  experience  of  nurserymen  that  peach  pits 
taken  from  budded  varieties  will  not  do  so  well  as  the 
natural  pits  that  are  gathered  in  the  mountains  of 
Tennessee  and  North  Carolina.  If  these  natural  pits 
could  be  had  elsewhere,  they  would  undoubtedly  be 
just  as  good,  but  there  is  where  they  grow  in  quanti¬ 
ties  large  enough  to  supply  the  demands  of  northern 
nurserymen.  They  are  gathered  in  small  lots  by  the 
country  people  there,  and  sold  at  the  local  store. 
From  there  they  get  into  the  hands  of  seed  com¬ 
panies  and  nursery  firms  of  the  South,  who  sell  them 
in  large  lots  to  northern  nurserymen  at  prices  ranging 
from  $1  to  $3  per  bushel.  This  year,  however,  the 
frosts  destroyed  practically  all  the  peach  crop  in  the 
South,  and  consequently  pits  will  be  very  scarce  and 
high.  Nurserymen  for  next  year’s  planting  will  have 
to  rely  on  the  supply  they  have  on  hand,  and  on  what 
they  can  pick  up  of  last  year’s  seed.  These  natural 
peach  seeds  are  small  in  comparison  with  the  pit  of  a 
budded  peach.  They  send  up  a  strong  thrifty  seed¬ 
ling,  and  a  bud  inserted  from  the  scion  of  any  stand¬ 
ard  variety  of  peach  will  live  and  do  well  on  them, 
while  on  the  other  hand,  if  you  take,  for  instance, 
a  Crawford  peach  pit  for  this  purpose, 
it  will  not  do  as  well,  the  bud  will  not 
be  so  apt  to  live  in  it,  and  the  young 
tree  is  more  subject  to  peach  diseases. 

For  these  reasons  nurserymen  do  not 
find  it  profitable  to  use  any  other  than 
the  natural  southern  grown  peach  pits. 

There  are  several  ways  employed  by 
nurserymen  in  planting  the  seed.  Some 
sow  them  in  the  Fall  in  rows  Zl/2  feet 
apart  and  about  two  inches  apart  in  the 
row.  They  are  covered  to  a  depth  of 
about  three  inches  and  some  of  this 
raked  off  in  the  Spring  when  they  are 
about  to  peep  through.  This  method  is 
attended  with  considerable  risk.  Often 
only  half  the  pits  germinate,  sometimes 
none  at  all  and  the  whole  planting  has 
to  be  plowed  up.  The  Genesee  Valley 
has  a  fine  silt  loam  that  remains  quite 
wet  in  places  during  the  Winter,  and 
nurserymen  there  sometimes  have  re¬ 
markable  success  with  this  method. 

Like  Fall  planting  of  trees,  the  seeds 
germinate  and  start  to  grow  very  early, 
and  make  a  better  growth  than  those 
planted  in  the  Spring. 

The  custom  most  commonly  followed 
is  to  put  the  pits  in  sand  in  the  Fall 
and  wet  them  down  well.  A  trench  is 
made  for  them  right  out  in  the  open. 

They  should  not  be  buried  too  deep,  as 
they  need  to  have  the  frost  get  at  them 
during  the  Winter.  It  is  claimed  that  the  frost 
cracks  them  open.  Nurserymen  buy  a  large  number 
of  pits  and  treat  them  in  this  way.  They  leave  them 
in  this  trench  for  two  or  more  years,  going  over  them 
several  times  each  Spring  and  picking  the  meats  out 
of  the  pits  that  have  cracked  open. 

Another  way  now  quite  extensively  practiced  is  to 
put  the  pits  in  a  warm  cellar  in  the  Fall  and  pack 
them  in  damp  sawdust.  A  large  percentage  of  them 
germinate  in  the  Spring,  and  they  can  be  sorted  out 
for  planting.  In  this  way  nurserymen  are  more  apt 
to  get  a  good  even  stand  than  they  would  to  sow  the 
pits  in  the  row  regardless  of  whether  they  would 
germinate  or  not. 

Cracking  them  open  with  a  hammer  or  a  peach 
cracker  and  then  sowing  the  meats  does  not  prove 
successful.  The  seedlings  are  weak,  and  only  a  small 
percentage  of  the  meats  grow  at  all.  Peach  meats 
should  be  planted  about  one-half  inch  deep  and  not 
until  the  ground  has  warmed  up.  They  are  very 
delicate,  and  it  takes  them  a  long  time  to  get  over 
ground.  When  they  do  come  up  they  should  be  kept 
free  from  weeds  and  well  cultivated  until  they  get  a 
start.  We  do  not  as  yet  half  appreciate  the  value,  as 
a  disease  preventive  both  for  then  and  for  later  on, 
in  maintaining  a  steady,  thrifty  growth  in  a  young 
plant.  After  they  get  well  started  the  work  on  them 
up  to  September  is  comparatively  easy.  First  of  all 
the  soil  must  be  right ;  it  needs  to  be  of  the  sandy 
loam  type  and  extremely  fertile.  The  young  seedlings 
must  have  careful  and  frequent  cultivation  during  the 


THE  RURAL)  NEW-YORKEBJ 

hot,  dry  Summer  months,  so  as  to  keep  up  a  vigorous 
growth  until  they  are  ready  to  be  budded  in  the  early 
part  of  September.  martin  king,  jr. 

WHAT  AGE  OF  TREE? 

In  planting  trees,  particularly  apple,  what  age  do  you 
prefer?  Would  you  select  a  yearling  or  a  two-year-old 
and  why? 

In  buying  nursery  stock  I  prefer  a  well-grown 
two-year-old  tree,  believing  a  tree  of  this  age  will 
stand  the  shock  of  transplanting  better  than  a  yearling 
tree.  In  buying  year-old  trees  you  are  quite  likely 
to  get  two-year-old  age  of  year-old  size,  as  most 
nurserymen  grade  their  two-year-old  blocks  with  dif¬ 
ferent  sizes,  and  I  would  not  want  a  poorly-grown 
two-year-old  tree  at  any  price.  It  is  my  opinion  you 
lose  more  than  one  year  of  time  in  planting  the  smaller 
size  tree.  grant  g.  hitchings. 

Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y. 

In  planting  apple  trees  I  have  learned  from  experi¬ 
ence  that  a  fine  well-grown  one-year  tree  that  is  a 
fair  example  of  its  particular  variety  has  a  go-ahead 
quality  which  leaves  nothing  to  be  desired.  Were  I 
now  planting  orchards  and  could  get  such  trees,  with 
weaklings  eliminated,  I  would  take  them  in  preference 
to  two-year-old  trees.  There  are  several  advantages 
in  choosing  the  younger  tree.  Their  roots  are  un¬ 
mutilated,  they  can  be  more  quickly  planted,  they  can 
be  trained  to  any  form  desired,  whereas  the  older 
tree  is  already  headed  by  the  nurseryman,  and  is 
liable  in  many  cases  to  have  a  very  undesirable  form 
of  head,  necessitating  entire  remodeling  by  the  or- 
chardist,  and  it  is  sometimes  no  small  task  to  get 
such  a  tree  just  right.  Further,  I  have  in  my  or¬ 


chards  many  examples  of  one-year  trees  planted  at 
the  same  time  with  two-year  trees  which  have  sur¬ 
passed  the  latter  in  growth  and  performance.  I  have 
demonstrated  the  same  with  plums  and  cherries.  In 
buying  two-year  trees  where  I  have  a  choice  I  would 
avoid  those  that  are  overgrown.  The  tree  that  thus 
early  shows  its  characteristics  as  a  wood  producer  is 
very  liable  to  carry  such  habit  through  life,  and  it  is 
my  belief  also,  based  on  experience,  that  a  more 
moderate  sized  but  sturdy  tree  of  the  same  age  should 
be  and  will  be  wisely  chosen  as  a  fruit  producer. 

Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.  w.  s.  teator. 

I  usually  plant  a  two-year-old  tree,  unless  it  is  a 
peach,  which  is  always  a  one-year-old.  There  is  this 
advantage  of  planting  a  one-year-old  tree;  you  can 
start  the  head  just  where  you  want  it,  and  if  you  can 
give  it  extra  care,  it  will  make  a  bearing  tree  about  as 
quick  as  an  older  tree.  I  think  a  three  or  four-year- 
old  apple  tree,  if  taken  up  and  planted  carefully,  will 
come  to  bearing  age  sooner  than  a  younger  tree.  Much 
depends  on  the  man  who  plants  it.  delos  tenny. 

New  York. 

I  am  somewhat  particular,  perhaps  “cranky,”  about 
forming  the  heads  of  my  apple  trees,  and  so  much 
prefer,  when  I  can  get  them,  strong,  vigorous  whips 
of  one  year’s  growth,  either  strong  one-year  buds,  or 
root-grafts  cut  back  after  one  year,  then  allowed  to 
grow  one  year  more,  thus  giving  a  strong  one-year 
top  on  a  two-year  root.  I  want  roots  on  my  trees, 
and  do  not  believe  in  the  Stringfellow  method  for 


Illinois  conditions.  \\  ith  a  vigorous  whip  I  can  form 
the  top  as  I  please,  and  waste  but  little  of  the  growth 
of  the  tree,  while  in  an  old  tree,  which  is  usually 
heavily  branched,  much  pruning  is  necessary  to  get 
the  tree  shaped  properly,  and  I  prefer  to  remove  the 
young  shoots  rather  than  heavy  branches.  Good  one- 
year  trees  will  usually  start  more  vigorously,  arc 
easier  handled  and  planted,  and  in  a  few  years  will 
be  as  large  as  the  trees  which  were  older  when 
planted.  Occasionally  when  planting  a  single  tree  in 
an  exposed  place  a  larger  tree  may  be  desirable,  as 
less  likely  to  be  run  over  and  injured,  but  even  then 
a  heavy  stake  by  the  side  of  it  will  protect  it.  I  be¬ 
lieve  in  thorough  preparation  of  the  soil  before  plant¬ 
ing,  then  careful  planting  followed  by  good  cultiva¬ 
tion,  and  under  these  conditions,  instead  of  preferring 
the  older  trees  at  double  the  price,  I  would  prefer 
the  one-year  trees  at  the  same  price.  My  principal  or¬ 
chard  experience  is  with  apple  trees,  but  I  think  the 
above  will  apply  as  well  to  pears,  and  I  should  say 
most  emphatically  to  plant  only  one-year  peaches. 

Illinois.  L.  R.  BRYANT. 

For  the  average  fruit  grower  the  two-year  tree  is 
the  best.  At  this  age  the  root  system  is  not  so  large 
but  that  the  balance  between  the  roots  and  .top  can 
be  managed  very  well.  In  the  older  trees  this  is 
more  difficult.  It  is  generally  not  difficult  to  get  the 
two-year  tree  started  off  well.  However,  in  the  hands 
of  a  careful  orchardist,  probably  the  best  results  can 
be  obtained  by  planting  the  year-old  trees.  This  can 
then  be  headed  and  shaped  up  more-  to  the  notion  of 
the  grower.  There  are  advantages  and  disadvan¬ 
tages  in  both.  saSiuel  guerrant. 

Tt  is  true  that  there  is  a  popular  de¬ 
man  for  yearling  trees.  I  was  in  one  of 
the  largest  western  New  York  nurser¬ 
ies  last  week,  and  the  manager  told  m  • 
that  his  yearlings  were  all  sold ;  at  the 
same  time  he  had  yet  as  fine  a  lot  of 
two-year-olds  as  one  would  wish  to  see. 
Is  this  desire  for  yearling  trees  well 
founded?  As  I  see  it,  the  facts  are 
these :  When  one  gets  a  one-year-old 
apple  tree  he  must  of  necessity  get  the 
flower  of  the  flock — as  it  were — for  no 
others  are  fit  to  go.  This  is  a  decided 
advantage.  Then  he  can  shape  the  head 
to  suit  his  fancy  much  better  than  with 
an  older  tree,  often  a  great  advantage. 
Theoretically,  there  is  less  shock  in  re¬ 
planting  a  young  tree,  and  one  should 
get  with  it  a  larger  proportion  of  roots 
than  with  one  which  is  older.  Experi¬ 
ence  shows  that  this  is  offset  by  the  fact 
that  the  small  young  tree  will  suffer 
more  from  cold  and  drought  than  one 
larger  and  older.  This  has  been  very 
noticeable  this  past  season;  hundreds  of 
year-old  trees  set  last  Fall  were  frozen 
back  so  they  were  worthless,  and  hun¬ 
dreds  more  died  that  were  Spring  set 
because  the  small  stalk  dried  up  before 
the  roots  could  obtain  nourishment 
from  the  soil.  Two-year-olds,  under 
the  same  conditions,  have  come  through 
with  a  small  proportion  of  loss. 

I  have  some  very  fine  young  trees  which 
were  set  at  one  year,  and  I  know  of  many 
more;  nevertheless  I  prefer  a  thrifty  two-year- 
old,  not  one  that  is  unduly  large,  and  quite 
likely  sappy,  if  I  can  select  the  tree,  or  have  them 
selected  by  one  in  whom  I  have  confidence,  for  I  will 
have  the  chances  in  my  favor  under  favorable  weather 
conditions,  and  I  have  a  year  to  the  good  of  growth, 
which  is  well  worth  the  extra  cost  of  the  tree.  Any 
nurseryman  would  prefer  to  sell  yearlings  at  the  price 
they  bring,  as  an  economic  proposition,  than  to  care 
for  them  the  second  year  for  the  advance.  After  last 
Winter’s  experience  with  some  4,000  trees  in  this 
neighborhood,  I  would  not  set  a  yearling  tree  in  the 
Fall,  although  I  prefer  Fall  setting.  I  refer  to  apples 
and  pears;  with  peaches,  which  are  nearly  always 
Spring  set,  and  are  much  more  rapid  growers,  I 
would  use  the  yearling.  Under  no  conditions  would  I 
set  a  three-year-old  if  it  were  possible  to  obtain  any 
others.  All  the  objection  to  the  two-year-old  is  in¬ 
tensified  in  the  three-year-old.  Further,  and  very  much 
to  the  point,  there  is  no  three-year-old  tree  offered 
for  sale,  nor  has  been  for  the  past  five  years,  which 
would  not  have  been  sold  as  a  two-year-old  if  it  had 
been  good  enough,  for  the  demand  has  been  far 
greater  than  the  supply.  The  three-year-olds  are  cull 
trees,  or  were  the  year  previous.  Yet  I  know  of  in¬ 
stances  where  tree  missionaries (  ?)  are  charging  more 
for  them  because  they  claim  they  are  superior.  I 
can  see  nothing  in  favor  of  setting  a  three-year-old 
tree. 

Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y.  edward  van  alstyne. 


A  BLOCK  OF  GOOD  PEACH  SEEDLINGS.  Fig.  360. 


©20 


September  16, 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[  Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
name  and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure 
attention.  Before  asking  a  question,  please  see 
whether  it  is  not  answered  in  our  advertising 
columns.  Ask  only  a  few  questions  at  one  time. 
Pu'  questions  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper.] 


More  About  Sowing  Vetch. 

O.  V.  8.,  New  Alban)/,  Jnd. — On  page  814 
an  article  by  J.  H.  Haynes,  on  Hairy  vetch 
is  not  quite  full  enough  to  satisfy  me. 
Could  you  give  me  more  definite  informa¬ 
tion?  I  wish  to  sow  in  corn.  Is  it  sown 
in  the  corn  hopper  or  fertilizer  hopper  of 
drill?  How  many  rows  are  put  between 
two  corn  rows?  What  method  or  device 
is  used  to  regulate  the  flow  of  seed?  Could 
the  seed  be  sown  by  hand  and  plowed  or 
cultivated  in? 

Ans.— In  corn  we  sow  with  a  one- 
horse  wheat  drill,  hoe  preferred,  as  it 
does  less  harm  to  the  corn  than  a  disk 
drill.  In  the  open  field  we  use  a  two- 
horse  drill.  If  the  feed  gauges  of  aver¬ 
age  drill  are  entirely  shut  off  they  will 
sow  exactly  50  pounds  to  the  acre. 
This  is  what  is  sown  here  by  most 
persons  'u  some  sow  less.  One  can  regu¬ 
late  the  amount  to  be  sown  by  chang¬ 
ing  the  gauge  as  required.  It  can  be 
sown  broadcast  and  then  disked  or  cul¬ 
tivated  by  using  a  corn  cultivator.  In 
sowing  broadcast  a  little  more  seed 
should  be  used  unless  ground  is  in  the 
best  condition  for  receiving  the  seed. 
Vetch  seed  will  germinate  even  when 
the  soil  is  very  dry.  No  other  plant 
seed  will  do  this  under  the  same  condi¬ 
tions.  If  wanted  for  turning  under  for 
enriching  land  we  sow  vetch  alone.  If 
wanted  for  seed  or  hay  we  sow  a  peck 
of  rye  per  acre  along  with  the  vetch. 
This  gives  a  support  for  the  long  stems 
of  the  vetch.  For  seed  every  other 
feed  opening  might  be  closed  and  the 
others  gauged  to  sow  double  quantity; 
this  gives  more  room  and  better  seed. 
If  this  is  done  30  pounds  per  acre  with 
the  rye  is  enough.  I  see  by  the  cata¬ 
logues  that  60  pounds  of  seed  is  a 
bushel — not  50.  The  yield  of  seed  per 
acre  varies  from  10  to  15  bushels.  In¬ 
quiries  as  to  inoculation  are  often  made. 
Nothing  of  this  kind  is  done  here  so 
far  as  I  know,  and  success  has  followed 
all  sowing  made.  To  distinguish  Hairy 
vetch  for  the  other  kinds  observe  the 
coat  of  hair-like  covering  of  the  entire 
stem.  All  other  kinds  have  smooth 
stems.  Also  the  flower  stem  of  Hairy 
vetch  is  quite  long,  and  the  flower  a 
purple  color,  while  the  flower  stems  of 
other  kinds  are  short.  To  distinguish 
the  seed,  size,  color  and  shape  will 
enable  anyone  to  know  the  true  seed. 
The  seeds  of  Hairy  vetch  are  round, 
quite  hard  and  a  bluish  black  color, 
those  of  the  others  are  flattened,  larger 
than  the  'former,  and  of  a  grayish 
COlof.  J.  H.  HAYNES. 

Indiana. 


ICEHOUSES  OF  CONCRETE. 

Very  few  icehouses  are  being  built  with 
walls  'of  solid  concrete.  A  few  have  been 
so  constructed,  and  are  giving  good  satis¬ 
faction.  There  is  no  reason  why  icehouses 
so  made  should  not  be  satisfactory,  if  the 
concrete  is  mixed  rich  enough  with  cement 
so  that  the  walls  will  not  be  porous.  If  the 
walls  are  porous  moisture  will  permeate 
them,  dampening  the  sawdust  and  thus  in¬ 
juring  it  as  an  insulator.  A  large  number 
of  icehouses  are  being  made  of  concrete 
blocks.  The  open  air  space  in  such  a  wall 
serves  as  a  partial  insulation  and  does  away 
with  the  danger  of  moisture  passing  through 
into  the  sawdust. 

The  walls  of  icehouses  are  not  of  the 
greatest  importance.  Farmers  oftentimes 
construct  them  by  simply  laying  up  ordinary 
fence  rails  and  covering  them  with  boards 
for  roofing,  but  so  carefully  that  rains  will 
not  beat  down  into  the  interior.  The  saw¬ 
dust  on  the  sides  will  be  dampened  by  rains, 
but  being  exposed  to  the  wind  will  soon 
dry  out.  The  two  requisites  of  a  good  ice¬ 
house  are  good  drainage  and  good  ventila¬ 
tion.  In  the  construction,  the  builder 
should  see  that  there  is  an  outlet  of  the 
water  resulting  from  the  melting  of  the 
ice.  and  that  the  ice  is  held  off  the  ground 
so  that  the  water  can  easily  filter  off  and 
thus  keep  the  insulator  drier.  An  air  space 
under,  around  and  above  the  Dody  of  the 
ice  should  be  allowed  so  that  the  air  can 
circulate  freely  and  thus  carry  off  any  of 
the  atmosphere  that  may  have  become 
warm.  There  should  be  an  outlet  in  the 
extreme  upper  point  of  the  roof  to  allow 
the  heated  air  to  pass  out.  The  greatest 
problem  in  icehouse  construction  is  not  so 
much  the  material  of  which  it  is  built,  but 
the  drainage  of  air  and  water.  If  these 
are  carefully  considered  there  would  be  ab¬ 
solutely  no  danger  if  the  walls  were  built 
of  solid  concrete.  w.  r.  i.iverance. 

Michigan  Experiment  Station. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


BOSTON  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE  AGRI¬ 
CULTURAL  EXHIBIT. 

The  Boston  Chamber  of  Commerce  will 
make  agriculture  a  prominent  feature  of  its 
Industrial  Exposition  in  Mechanics’  Build¬ 
ing,  Boston,  during  the  entire  month  of  Oc¬ 
tober.  One  entire  section  is  to  be  given 
up  to  an  agricultural  exhibit,  as  nearly 
complete  as  possible,  and  to  include  exam¬ 
ples  of  development  in  all  the  different 
New  England  States.  The  central  portion 
will  be  a  model  dairy.  A  full  sized  cement 
cow  barn  will  be  installed,  with  a  dozen 
cows.  This  will  show  the  various  modern 
appliances,  the  floor,  stanchions,  stalls,  feed 
rooms,  etc.  Adjoining  will  be  calf  pens,  and 
pens  for  little  pigs  and  sheep.  Located  con¬ 
veniently  there  is  to  be  a  model  dairy, 
showing  how  milk  is  handled  scientifically 
and  cleanly,  and  illustrating  the  best  mod¬ 
ern  methods.  Milk  room,  wash  room, 
churns,  separators,  etc.,  will  be  all  of  the 
most  improved  type.  The  sub-committee  in 
charge  of  this  dairy  exhibit  consists  of 
Nathaniel  I.  Bowditch,  George  II.  Ellis  and 
Charles  F.  Whiting.  There  will  be  an  ex¬ 
tensive  exhibit  of  poultry,  with  the  most 
modern  and  approved  houses,  equipment, 
feeds,  etc.  At  one  end  of  the  hall  is  a  large 
apartment  for  products  of  the  soil,  veg¬ 
etables,  grain,  etc.  There  is  to  be  a  special 
fruit  show  during  the  last  week  of  October 
in  Horticultural  Hall.  One  ticket  will  ad¬ 
mit  to  both  the  fruit  show  and  to  the  exposi¬ 
tion.  The  sub-committee  in  charge  of  the 
exhibit  of  vegetables  and  products  of  the 
soil  consists  of  Charles  M.  Cox  and  Harry 
Hall,  President  of  the  Boston  Market 
Gardeners’  Association.  This  exhibit  will 
be  of  a  strictly  commercial  character.  Po¬ 
tatoes  are  to  be  shown  in  bushel  baskets, 
and  other  vegetables  In  the  usual  commer¬ 
cial  quantities,  and  different  varieties  of 
cranberries.  Attention  is  also  to  be  given 
to  tobacco  raising,  which  is  so  important 
in  the  Connecticut  Valley. 

All  communications  may  be  addressed  to 
the  Committee  on  Agriculture,  Boston 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  Boston.  Mass.  It  is 
especially  desired  that  the  different  grow¬ 
ers’  associations  will  unite  in  planning  to 
send  exhibits  from  their  respective  locali¬ 
ties,  so  that  the  potatoes  of  Aroostook 
County  may  be  shown  in  competition  with 
those  of  Vermont,  and  the  squashes  of 
Western  Massachusetts  in  competition  with 
those  of  the  market  gardeners  near  Bos¬ 
ton.  All  New  England  raised  products  are 
eligible  for  exhibition.  With  regard  to  the 
entire  exhibit,  special  attention  will  be 
given  to  its  educational  possibilities.  To 
accomplish  this  the  co-operation  of  the 
various  Agricultural  Colleges  and  Experi¬ 
ment  Stations  has  been  invited,  and  there 
will  be  exhibits  of  the  various  plant  dis¬ 
eases  and  insect  enemies,  the  most  ap¬ 
proved  methods  of  pruning,  trimming  trees, 
spraying,  etc.,  with  free  lectures  or  talks 
on  various  farming  topice  by  men  of  prom¬ 
inence. 


MASSACHUSETTS  CROPS. 

We  have  had  a  hard  season  to  produce 
even  an  average  dry  season  crop  all  over 
New  England ;  in  some  sections  it  has  been 
worse  than  in  others.  This  has  been  the 
third  in  succession,  and  if  anything  the 
worst  of  the  three.  The  Fall  rains  have 
now  set  in,  and  we  think  will  give  us 
enough  moisture  to  start  growth  to  carry 
things  through  the  Winter.  .Winter  apples, 
while  fairly  thick  on  some  trees,  will  be 
below  the  average  crop  in  many  sections,  as 
some  trees  have  none,  and  any  I  have  seen 
are  small  size,  which  we  all  know  do  not 

fill  the  barrel  near  as  full  as  the  large 

ones,  and  cost  more  to  pick.  All  the  fruits 
drop  badly  as  a  result  of  the  dry  season. 
Potatoes  are  a  light  crop  both  in  acreage 
and  yield.  Hay  will  be  25  per  cent  short 
of  an  average  crop,  and  while  many  put 

in  catch  crops  to  help  out,  so  much  has 

been  fed  to  help  out  the  pastures  that  these 
will  not  increase  the  total  yield  to  any 
extent.  Corn,  our  stand-by,  looks  as  well 
as  could  be  expected,  and  if  the  frosts 
only  hold  off  until  well  into  September, 
we  will  secure  a  fair  crop  of  cured  ears. 
We  shall  need  this  badly,  as  meal  sells 
for  $1.55  per  hundred,  and  will  not  be 
cheaper.  All  grains  are  equally  as  high 
in  comparison  ;  even  oats  sell  at  $1.25  and 
better.  Cranberries,  which  looked  good 
for  an  extra  crop  at  one  time,  will  not 
equal  an  average  crop,  the  worms  and 
dry  weather  being  mostly  to  blame  for  this. 
Meats  of  all  kinds  have  taken  quite  a 
raise,  but  ■will  not  stay  wheer  they  are 
long;  yet  they  will  sell  at  fair  prices  right 
along  for  a  season  or  two  at  least,  prob¬ 
ably  longer,  and  I  believe  any  farmer  who 
can  turn  his  products  into  fresh  meat  of 
any  kind  will  reap  more  profit  than  in 
dairying  under  present  conditions  for  some 
time  to  come,  especially  if  he  can  pick 
his  market,  as  many  of  us  can  here  in  New 
England.  By  this  I  mean  local  markets, 
which  on  the  average  are  best  anyway  you 
look  at  it,  as  you  know  or  can  easily  find 
out  about  the  person  you  sell  to,  and  do  not 
have  to  take  the  chances  you  do  when 
sending  your  products  hundreds  of  miles 
away  to  strange  people  and  in  most  cases 
to  strange  markets.  a.  e.  p. 

Massachusetts. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Electric  Lights  make  the  brightest,  safest,  v 
cleanest  and  most  reliable  lighting  system 
known  for  farms  and  country  homes.  The 
Dayton  Electric  Lighting  Outfits  are  low  in 
cost,  easy  to  install,  cost  almost  nothing  to 
operate.  Give  you  better  lights  than  most  city 
people  enjoy.  Write  today  for  complete  illus¬ 
trated  catalog  showing  outfits,  fixtures,  etc. 

DAYTON  ELECTRICAL  MFG.  CO. 

231  St.  Clair  Street  Dayton,  Ohio  I 


THE  SPRAYER  YOU  WANT 


DEYO  POWER  SPRAYER 

Comes  ready  to  use.  Nothing  to  buy 
but  gasoline  and  spray  mixture.  Every 
part  guaranteed  for  one  year.  Replaced 
whether  worn  or  broken.  Let  us  refer 
you  to  a  DEYO  user  near  you.  .  .  . 

Write  for  bulletin  1-C 
DEYO-MACEY  ENGINE  CO. 
BINGHAMTON,  N.  Y. 


All  kinds  spraying  out¬ 
fits  for  all  pu rposes — Bar¬ 
rel,  Knapsack,  Power 
Potato  Sprayers,  Com¬ 
plete  Gas  Engine  Orchard 
Rigs,  etc.  Send  for  catalog,  FREE. 


FIELD  FORCE  PUMP  COMPANY, 

2  1  1  th  Straet,  Elmira,  Now  York 


Paint  the  barns  and  other 
buildings  near  the  farm  house 
so  attractively  that  they  will 
add  to  the  appearance  and  value  of  your 
place.  It  is  worth  while  to  use  one  color 


Barns  and 
Silos 


ter  tbo  nr  b  nlit 


“Dutch  Boy  Painter'' 

Pure  White  Lead 

and  pure  linseed  oil  mixed  “on  the  job”  make 
the  most  reliable  paint  you  can  buy.  Give  the 
metal  parts  of  your  silo  two  coats  of  pure  red 
lead  first,  and  then  cover  with  white  lead  and 
oil.  tinted  as  desired. 


Our  Free  Painting  Helps.  We  will  send  you  free 
on  request  color  schemes  and  miscellaneous  painting 
instructions  that  you  will  find  of  real  prac¬ 
tical  value.  Ask  for  Helps  2808. 

.National  Lead  Company 

New  York  Cleveland  Chicago 
8t.  Louie  Boston 

Buffalo  Cincinnati 

Ban  Franciaco 

(  John  T.  I.ewie  it  Bros,  Co., 
Philadelphia) 

(National  Lead  &  Oil  Company 
Pittsburgh) 


BALED  ALFALFA  HAY 


ItRIlMiiK  &  SOUTElt  Cnnnatotu,  N.  Y. 


CULL  BARREL  LOTS  of  slightly  damaged  Stoneware 
I  shipped  to  any  address  direct  from  pottery  at 
New  Brighton.  Penna.,  for  $1.  Lots  are  well  as¬ 
sorted,  containing  crocks,  jars,  pans,  bowls,  pitch¬ 
ers,  tea  and  bean  pots— a  little  of  each.  Send  casli 
with  order.  Write  us.  E.  SWASEY  8  CO.,  Portland,  Me. 


COR  SALE— Full-blooded  Great  Dane  Bog;  Rex  Gloria 
I  strain  registered  stock  for  several  generations: 
21  months  old;  brindle  color;  perfectly  sound,  well 
developed;  fond  of  children;  no  vicious  habits. 

L.  N.  DENNISTON,  39  South  Main  St.,  West  Hartford,  Conn. 


Ci.t\  FINEST  HUSKY  HOSE  C.  R.  I.  REI> 
U "  COCKERELS,  selected  from  300  range 
grown,  at  $2.00.  Shipments  at  0  lbs.  made  in  order 
of  remittances  received.  Gobi  &  Son,  Ulster,  Pa. 


TWENTY 


FINE  HOSE  COM!? 
RHODE  ISLAND  KED 


COCKERELS.  March  hatched.  One  Dollar 


eaeb.  D.  A.  PHILLIPS,  Andover,  Ohio. 


PLANT 

FRUIT 

TREES 

THIS 

FALL 


I  have  a  large  stock  of  thrifty  Apple, 
Pear,  Peach  and  Plum  trees  which  1  am 
offering  at  special  prices.  Also  Cali¬ 
fornia  Privet.  Plant  this  Fall  and  gain 
a  season.  Write  me  today  for  Catalog. 
My  reputation  as  a  nurseryman  back  of 
every  sale.  I  also  have  some  special 
offerings  in  those  famous  Jersey  Red 
Pigs— the  lively  growers.  Prolific  and 
profitable. 

ARTHUR  J.  COLLINS 
Box  R  Moorestown,  N.  J. 


FALL  PLANTING 

has  big  advantages,  avoid  risk  of 
planting  in  n  hot,  dry  spring.  Fine 
stock  on  band— fruit  trees,  small 
fruits,  shrubs,  perennials.  Buy 
direct  from  grower  at 
wholesale  prices. 

r.p.y, p>\  Send  for  Catalogue 
TBrrt  )  GROVER  NURSERY  CO., 
GROW  J  71  Tru,t  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


875,000  FRUIT  TREES 


MALONEY  BROS.  & 


At  Wholesale  Prices.  Every  tree 
own  growing, fresh  dug,  true 
name,  the  beet  trees  money 
can  buy,  grown  from  bearing 
orchards.  No  scale.  Personal  at¬ 
tention  given  each  order.  Every¬ 
body  write  for  free  illustrated 
catalogne.  Established  26  years. 

2  APPLE  TREES,  1  McIntosh  and  1 
Ihinnnn,  sent  post.pnid,  for  25  cts. 
WELLS  CO.,  Box  14  Ilnnsvillc,  !J.  V. 


Peach  and  Apple  Trees 

For  fall  or  spring  planting.  Prices  right;  stock 
right.  ,11 YEK  &  SON,  Jiririgeville,  Delaware 


•"PUPpo  I  By  the  Millions.  A  complete  line 
tv  p  p  ^  1  at  wholesale  prices.  Largo  supply 
*  •'DUU  •  of  peach  trees  and  Privet  Hedging. 
The  Westminster  Nursery,  Westminster,  Maryland 


APCIJTC  UfANTEn  to  take  orders  for  our 
Alien  I  0  ftAn  I  CU  ‘-High  Quality’’  Nursery 
Products.  Liberal  commission  paid  promptly. 
Outfit  free.  Experience  not  necessary.  PENN¬ 
SYLVANIA  NURSERY  CO.,  36,  GIRARD,  PA. 


APPLE 

or  Hoops. 


LO  T  S  OR 
Also  Heads 
ROBT.  GILLIES.  Medina,  N.  Y. 


BARRELS 


Open  and  alsike,  both  new  crop, 
and  without  a  single  weed. 
Also  alfalfa,  vetch  and  crimson  clover. 

O.  M.  Scott  &  Son,  100  Main  St.,  Marysville,  Ohio. 


GOOD  SEED  WHEAT-STAiT^SLSS 

that  bring  results— 35  to  48  bushels  per  acre.  Red 
Wave.  Gypsy,  White  Fultz,  Improved  Poole,  Har¬ 
vest  King,  Rudy,  Winter  King  and  Red  Wonder. 
Ask  for  our  Special  Wheat  Circular;  it’s  free. 

MACE  &  MANSFIELD,  Greenville,  Ohio 


Send  to  Originator  for  Red  Wave  and  Silver  Sheaf. 
Tlie  latter  (Bearded)  has  been  sown  as  late  as 
November  with  success.  $2.00  per  lmshe).  either 
sort.  Bags  15c  extra.  A.  N.  JONES,  Batavia,  New  York 


r'T'T'TY  utiit'  1  HP  Poole.  Gypsy,  Mediterranean. 
\  r  r  1 1  VV  M  r  A  I  Rudy.  Fultz  and  Mam.  Rye— All 
JDDD  llUD/ii  j-ecleaned anti  graded.  Samples 
anti  catalog  free.  W.  N.  SCARF,  New  Carlisle,  Ohio. 


JONES  SEED  WHEAT 

Pure  and  Well  Cleaned.  “St.  Louis  Grand  Prize”  and 
“Red  Wave.”  Two  of  the  best  yielding  and  fly  re¬ 
sisting  wheats  grown.  Send  for  samples  and  prices 

to  J.  N.  McPHERSON,  Pine  View  Farm,  Scott  sville.  N.  Y. 


CEED 

O  see 


RYE — Mammoth  white  Winter  rye,  choice  recleaned 
need.  SI. 26  per  bushel.  JUDSON  RICOS.,  Kinderhook,  N.Y* 


1A I  A  AITC  n— . A  practical,  willing,  working  Ameri- 
VVHIiILU  can  foreman,  wishing  permanent 
position.  Apples,  grain  and  potatoes  are  the  prin¬ 
cipal  crops;  also  some  live  stock.  Wages  $00  per 
month,  including  house.  Only  drawback,  7  miles 
from  station.  “D.A.G.,”  care  Rural  New-Yorker. 


FARMS  WANTED  fSL 

We  have  a  number  of  earnest  people  with  moder¬ 
ate  means  wishing  to  buy  good,  productive  farms 
costing  between  $2,000  and  $4,000,  with  or  without 
stock,  within  a  radius  of  200  miles  of  New  York 
City.  Ours  is  a  philanthropic  organization,  and  we 
make  no  charge  to  buyer  or  seller.  Rock  bottom 
prices  must  therefore  lie  quoted.  Send  for  blank. 
THE  JEWISH  AGRICULTURAL  AND  INDUS¬ 
TRIAL  AID  SOCIETY,  177  Second  Ave.,  New  York. 


1/ii‘fvSmn  Buy  a  farm  >n  Virginia.  We  have 
vlruini/1  many  excellent  bargains  in  Grain, 
VllgllllU  stock,  Fruit,  Trucking  and  Poultry 
Farms.  Write  for  list,  describing 

Fq  v  m  a  kind  of  farm  you  want 

d  I  III  0  VENABLE  &  FORD  .  .  .  LYNCHBURG,  VA 


PAR  C  A I  C— 80- Acre  Jersey  Poultry,  Hog.  Fruit 
run  OnLL  and  Vegetable  Farm ;  10c.  milk  route; 
popular  summer  resort ;  location  is  beautiful. 
$5,000  cash.  J.  C.  AVERY,  Lake  Sunapee,  N.  H. 


[fin  CA|  C  IN  WEST  PEABODY,  MASS. 

rUn  OrtLL  Cider  Mill,  including  buildings,  en¬ 
due.  boiler,  and  up-to-dAte  hydraulic  press,  and  all 
ippliances  in  good  condition ;  capacity  100  to  150  bar¬ 
rels  per  day;  or  will  sell  machinery  separate.  No 
easonable  offer  refused.  Southwick  &Hackett, 

New  York  State  Farms-^8^  $ 

be  State.  Catalog  free  to  parties  intending  to  buy, 
SOUTHERN  REALTY  CO.,  Syracuse,  New  York, 


Raising  Fruits  and  Vegetables  tn  6  Son. 
States,  traversed  by  S.  A.  L.  Ry.  Land 
’’cheap.  Water  plentiful.  Healthy  climate. 
Net  $500  to  $1000  per  acre— 2  to  3  crops  a  ] 
year,  in  Manatee  County,  on  West  Coast  ot  , 
I  Florida.  Raise  Orangts,  Grape  Fruit,  Vegeta-  | 
bles.  Illustrated  booklet  free, 
i  T  A.  PRIDE,  Gen.  Ind.  Agt.,_  __ 


POOR 

ORCHARDS 

MADE 

GOOD 


Six  years  ago  one-half  the  trees  in  the  orchard  of  the  Fairview  Orchard  Company,  Kearneysville,  W.  Va.,  were  tagged  by  the 
Inspector,  who  reported  it  the  worst  scale-infected  orchard  he'ever  saw.  After  four  years’  use  of  “Scalecide”  exclusively  as 
a  Winter  wash,  the  same  orchard  is  pronounced  one  of  the  cleanest  in  the  State,  and  produced  in  1910  over  11,000  barrels  oi 
apples,  which  sold  for  over  $29,000.  If  the  continued  use  of  “Scalecide”  brings  an  orchard  that  is  half  dead  to  life,  is_it 

ok,  “Modern 

?  Apples,”  ana  new  Dookiet,  -scalecide,  me  iree-saver.  ■  n  your  dealer 
111  deliver  it  to  any  R  R.  Station  in  the  U.  S.  east  of  the  Mississippi  and  north 

1.  bbls.,  $10.00;  10-gal.  cans.  $6.76.  6-gal.  cans,  $3.76. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


©£J1 


Value  of  Orchard  Trees. 

C.  P.  M.,  Greenwood,  Vo. — A  railroad  lo¬ 
comotive  recently  started  a  lire  on  my 
place,  practically  killing  20  apple  trees, 
some  Albemarle  Pippins  and  some  York 
Pippins,  the  latter  one  size  17  years  old, 
bearing  2%  barrels  to  the  tree,  others  bear¬ 
ing  one  barrel  to  the  tree ;  some  Wine- 
saps  six  years  old  bearing  two  bushels  to 
the  tree.  Would  you  give  me  some  idea  as 
to  tile  value  of  these  trees,  that  I  may  take 
steps  to  collect  from  the  railroad  company? 
This  is  figuring  that  the  above  bear  every 
other  year. 

Ans. — All  sorts  of  conditions  enter 
into  such  figuring.  In  the  West  the 
usual  method  is  to  call  the  one-year-old 
tree  well  established  worth  one  dollar. 
Thereafter  the  value  is  increased  at  the 
rate  of  50  cents  per  year.  On  this  figur¬ 
ing  your  17-year-old  trees  would  be 
worth  $9  each.  Personally  we  would 
not  sell  any  such  tree  for  less  than  $25. 

What  About  “Long-Tongued”  Bees? 

E.  G.,  North  Arlington,  N.  J. — Enclosed 
find  a  few  dead  bees  for  examination.  Are 
they  of  tlie  long-tongued  species  or  not, 
or  how  long  is  the  tongue  of  the  above- 
mentioned  species? 

Ans. — The  sample  bees  sent  are  use¬ 
less  for  tongue  measurement,  as  it  is 
necessary  to  have  live  bees  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  obtaining  correct  results.  It  is 
a  very  delicate  operation,  requiring 
laboratory  instruments,  and  a  trained 
operator.  The  bees  are  chloroformed, 
which  causes  them  to  protrude  the 
tongue  to  its  extreme  length,  and  it 
can  then  be  measured  with  a  micro¬ 
meter  rule  by  the  aid  of  a  microscope. 
“Long-tongue  bees”  were  much  used  as 
an  advertisement  by  queen  breeders  a 
few  years  ago.  but  it  is  now  conceded 
that  it  was  more  or  less  misleading  and 
is  less  used  than  formerly.  If  memory 
serves  me  correctly,  the  tongue  reach 
of  different  strains  of  bees  varied  from 
thirteen  one-hundredths  to  twenty-five 
one-hundredths  of  an  inch,  with  good 
Italians  averaging  better  than  twenty 
one-hundredths.  I  paid  quite  a  sum  for 
queens  from  the  long-tongue  strains, 
and  it  probably  paid  in  the  end  by  bring¬ 
ing  new  blood  into  the  apiary,  but  as 
far  as  getting  bees  that  would  work 
Red  clover  is  concerned,  I  have  found 
that  it  is  more  in  the  clover  than  in  the 
bees.  When  the  clover  blossoms  are 
right  for  honey  bees  to  get  nectar  from 
them,  I  find  practically  all  colonies  get¬ 
ting  their  share,  whether  “long-tongue,” 
‘Red  clover”  or  simply  “just  bees.”  I 
would  say  by  all  means  get  some  of  the 
good  strains  of  Italian  bees,  but  don’t 
expect  them  always  to  fill  the  hives  with 
Red  clover  honey  while  other  bees  are 
doing  nothing.  j.  a.  crane. 


on  the  under  sides.  The  full-grown 
grub  is  yellowish  in  color,  and  its  body 
bears  many  long  branching  spines.  It 
can  best  be  controlled  by  spraying  the 
plants  with  arsenate  of  lead  at  the  rate 
of  about  three  pounds  to  50  gallons  of 
water.  Especial  attention  must  be  paid 
to  putting  the  poison  on  the  under  sides 
of  the  leaves,  for  this  is  where  the 
grubs  do  their  eating.  Beans  grow  so 
1  -.v  that  this  is  difficult  to  do,  and  to 
facilitate  the  work  the  nozzle  should 
be  attached  to  an  elbow  so  that  the 
stream  can  be  directed  upwards.  Kero¬ 
sene  emulsion  has  given  good  results 
and,  of  course,  there  is  no  danger  from 
poison  on  the  food.  Probably  the 
tobacco  extracts  will  also  give  very  good 
results.  GLENN  W.  HERRICK. 


Weeds  in  the  Vineyards. 

In  the  care  of  vineyards,  as  with  or¬ 
chards,  there  can  be  no  hard  and  fast  rule 
laid  down,  as  so  much  depends  on  im¬ 
mediate  conditions.  In  *  general  way,  how¬ 
ever,  one  can  stay  pretty  close  to  rules 
based  on  common  sense.  The  best  results 
in  the  vineyard  are  based  upon  proper  con¬ 
trol  of  moisture,  fertility,  air  drainage,  and 
soil  drainage.  With  us  it  would  be  im¬ 
possible  to  get  the  greatest  amount  of 
soil  moisture  during  early  Summer,  and 
best  surface  drainage  during  Winter  with¬ 
out  staying  pretty  close  to  a  fixed  rule, 
which  is  this:  In  early  Spring  the  vine¬ 
yard  is  plowed  away  from  vines  and  thor¬ 
oughly  cleaned  away  with  potato  hooks. 
This  leaves  the  ground  nearly  level,  or  a 
slight  depression  next  the  vines,  so  if  there 

is  surplus  rain  it  will  settle  around  the 
vines.  The  soil  moisture  is  further  con¬ 
served  by  frequent  shallow  cultivation, 
keeping  the  ground  as  clean  as  possible  up 
to  September  first,  when  we  plow  again  up 
to  lines,  leaving  a  dead  furrow  in  the  cen¬ 
ter.  This  gives  the  roots  a  little  extra 
covering,  and  carries  off  all  surplus  surface 
water  during  Winter. 

As  soon  as  ground  is  fitted  we  sow  on  a 
cover  crop;  this  makes  use  of  fertility  or 
plant  food  that  becomes  available  rapidly  at 
this  time  of  year,  stores  it  up  in  such 
shape  that  it  can  be  returned  to  the  soil 
in  Spring,  together  with  an  added  amount, 
so  there  is  a  Lzain  rather  than  a  loss  in 
plant  food.  The  cover  also  gives  a  greater 
amount  of  protection  by  holding  snow,  etc., 
puts  humus  in  the  soil,  and  by  taking  up 
surplus  plant  food  and  moisture  late  in 
Fall,  causes  both  fruit  and  vino  to  ripen 
up  better.  This  iu  brief  is  the  way  I  handle 
mine,  and  if  there  was  any  way  I  thought 
better  I  certainly  would  follow  it.  I  do  not 
believe  that  either  the  heat  or  cold  during 
Summer  will  hurt  the  noil,  and  I  do  be¬ 
lieve  that  early  as  first  of  August  any 
extra  vegetation  in  a  vineyard  takes  up 
moisture  and  plant  food  that  is  badly 
needed  for  development  of  fruit  and  vine  at 
that  time.  wm.  hotaling. 


Using  Liquid  Manure. 

L)o  any  of  your  readers  ever  make  a 
practice  of  saving  the  liquid  manure  from 
the  stables,  and  if  so  how  do  they  apply 
the  same  to  the  land?  e.  k.  s. 

A  number  of  them  do  this  very  thing. 
Most  of  them  save  the  liquids  by  using  ab¬ 
sorbents  like  sawdust,  dried  muck,  straw 
or  coarse  hay.  Others  run  the  liquids  into 
cement  pits  or  pools  and  pump  it  up  at 
times.  These  liquids  are  either  put  into 
the  manure  pile  or  pumped  into  tanks  and 
sprinkled  over  the  grass  or  grain  lands. 
We  shall  describe  several  of  these  outfits 
soon. 


^ft\\\\VV\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\V\V\\V\^ 


Fall  Fashions  are 
Very  Beautiful 

“The  prettiest  in  years,”  “the 
most  becoming  fashions  in  a  genera¬ 
tion,”  “so  very,  very  new” — this 
is  the  story  of  the  fascinating, 
charming  styles  for  Fall. 

Never  have  you  seen  more  be¬ 
coming  garments  than  the  new 
“National”  coats,  never  were  de¬ 
signed  more  grace-giving,  fascinat¬ 
ing  dresses  and  waists  than  your 
“National”  Style  Book  shows. 

And  of  hats 


I .opjrtgm,  I'/II,  by  notional  Clout  Suit  Co. 


Paris  has  sent 
us  designs 
of  unus u a  1 
beauty. 

Therefore, 
to  know  all 
these  new 

styles,  to  see  what  is  to  be  worn  in  New  York,  this  alone 
is  sufficient  reason  why  you  should,  right  now,  send  for 
your  own  free  copy  of  the  “National”  Style  Book. 

But  add  to  all  this  interest  in  the  new  and  beautiful  styles,  add 
to  this  delight,  the  saving  “National”  prices  offer,  and  it  be¬ 
comes  a  matter  of  your  own  great  personal  advantage  that  you 
send  for  your  Style  Book  pictured  above. 

Just  say.  Send  me  My  "National”  Style  Book,  Free.  It  will 
be  sent  you  gladly  by  return  mail. 

Your  “ NATIONAL ’ 


Style  Book  Shows: 

Hats  .  , 

Skirts  . 

Waists 


$2.98  to  $15 
3.98  to  15 
.98  to  10 


Dresses  .  $10  to  $30 
Coats  .  .  10  to  50 
Furs  .  .  2.25  to  75 

Also  a  full  line  of  Underwear,  Hosiery.  Scarfs,  Veils,  Raincoats, 
Gloves,  Sweaters,  Leather  Goods,  Jewelry  and  a  complete 
line  of  Boys’,  Misses’  and  Children’s  Wearing  Apparel. 

“National”  Tailored  Suits 

m±A°  $15  to  $40 

Samples  of  Materials  Sent  Free 

Each  Made-to-Measure  Suit  is  actually  cut  and  made  to  order,  and 
we  guarantee  each  suit  to  fit  perfectly  and  to  be  satisfactory  in  every 
way,  or  we  will  cheerfully  refund  your  money. 

The  “NATIONAL”  Policy 

We  prepay  postage  and  express  charges  on  all  our  goods 
to  any  part  of  the  world.  You  may  return  any  “NATIONAL” 
garment  not  satisfactory  to  you  and  we  will  refund  your 
money  and  pay  express  charges  both  ways. 

In  writing  for  your  Style  Book,  be  sure  to  state  whether  you  desire 
samples  of  materials  used  for  "National”  Made-to-Measure  Tailored 
Suits.  Samples  are  sent  gladly,  but  only  when  asked  for— and  they 
are  well  worth  asking  for, 

NATIONAL  CLOAK  &  SUIT  COMPANY 

273  West  24th  Street,  New  York  City 

Mail  Orders  Only  No  Agents  or  Branches  3 

AwvwvwwwwwvvwwwwwwwwwwvwwwwwwwwvwwwvwYvwwvwwwwwwwwwwvvwwwwvwwwvwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwvvd 


PAYS  FOR  ITSELF  EVERY  THIRTY  DAYS 

Without  a  doubt  Clark’s  Double  Action  ‘‘Cutaway"  Harrow  with  Jointed  Pole 
is  a  most  wonderful  farm  tool.  It  cuts  the  soil  twice,  throwing  it  iu  opposite 
directions,  filling  iu  the  hollows,  thus  leveling  the  land  AH  Single  Action 
Harrows  have  to  be  Driven  iu  Half  Lap. 

It  is  drawn  by  two  medium  horses.  Itcau  be  set 
to  move  the  earth  but  little,  or  at  so  great  an 
angle  as  to  move  the  earth  eight  or  nine  inches. 

Runs  truein  line  of  draft.  A  customer 


!cUTs  I 

f  THE50IL] 

l6  TWlCEfl 


that  his  “Cutaway” 
every  thirty  days  in 


wrote  recently 
pays  for  itself 
labor  saved. 

The  Jointed  Pole  takes  all  weight  off  the  horses’  necks, 
and  keeps  their  heels  away  from  the  disks. 

Wo  make  a  “Cutaway”  for  every  crop  Every  need  Is 
fully  supplied  by  the  different  styles  of  genuine  “Cut¬ 
away”  Tools.  Tf  your  dealer  won't  supply  you,  we  will. 

Write  us.  “Intensive  Cultivation,”  our  new  booklet, 
is  free.  Send  a  postal  to-day. 


lOO#  CROPS 


CUTAWAY  HARROW  CO.,  839  Nlain  Street,  '  HIGGANUW,  CONN. 


Some  “Corrupt”  Lady  Beetles. 

B.  It.,  Payson,  Ariz. — Inclosed  are  four 
bugs  which  we  call  “lady-bugs.”  They  lay 
eggs  on  the  beans  which  hatch  somewhat 
like  little  yellow  ticks ;  consequently  they 
destroy  our  beans  and  we  cannot  raise  any. 

Ans.  The  insects  referred  to  are 
known  as  the  “bean  lady-birds,”  the 
scientific  name  of  which  is  Epilachna 
corrupta.  It  is  a  very  appropriate  name, 
for  this  is  certainly  a  corrupt  lady-bird. 
As  is  well  known,  most  of  our  “lady¬ 
bird”  or  “lady-bug”  beetles  are  very 
beneficial,  and  are  among  the  farmer's 
and  fruit  grower’s  best  friends.  They 
live  upon  and  destroy  plant  lice  and 
scale  insects  in  great  numbers,  and  were 
it  not  for  these  lady-birds  we  would 
suffer  very  much  more  than  we  do  from 
lice  and  scale  insects.  There  are  three 
species  of  lady-birds,  however,  that 
have  become  so  corrupted  in  their  fam¬ 
ily  habits  that  they  live  by  choice  upon 
vegetables,  and  the  bean  lady-bird  is 
one  of  them.  It  is  a  little  more  than 
one-fourth  of  an  inch  in  length,  is  light 
yellowish  brown  in  color  and  each 
wing-cover  bears  eight  black  spots.  It 
is  especially  injurious  to  beans  in  the 
West — Arizona,  New  Mexico,  Colorado 
and  Kansas.  It  eats  the  leaves,  stalks, 
pods  and  all.  The  yellowish  eggs  are 
deposited,  usually,  on  the  under  sides 
of  the  loaves,  and  the  grubs  feed  mostly 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  got  a  quick  reply  aud  a 
“square  deal."  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


A  LADY  LECTURER 

Feeds  Nerves  and  Brains  Scientifically. 

A  lady  lecturer  writes  from  Philadel¬ 
phia  concerning  the  use  of  right  food 
and  how  she  is  enabled  to  withstand 
the  strain  and  wear  and  tear  of  her  ar¬ 
duous  occupation.  She  says : 

“Through  improper  food,  imperfectly 
digested,  my  health  was  completely 
wrecked,  and  I  attribute  my  recovery 
entirely  to  the  regular  use  of  Grape- 
Nuts  food.  Tt  has,  I  assure  you,  proved 
an  inestimable  boon  to  me. 

“Almost  immediately  after  beginning 
the  use  of  Grape-Nuts  I  found  a  grati¬ 
fying  change  in  my  condition.  The  ter¬ 
rible  weakness  that  formerly  prostrated 
me  after  a  few  hours  of  work,  was  per¬ 
ceptibly  lessened  and  is  now  only  a 
memory — it  never  returns. 

“Ten  days  after  beginning  on  Grape- 
Nuts  I  experienced  a  wonderful  increase 
in  mental  vigor  and  physical  energy,  and 
continued  use  has  entirely  freed  me  from 
the  miserable  insomnia  and  nervousness 
from  which  I  used  to  suffer  so  much. 

“I  find  Grape-Nuts  very  palatable  and 
would  not  be  without  the  crisp,  delicious 
food  for  even  a  day  on  any  considera¬ 
tion.  Indeed,  I  always  carry  it  with 
me  on  my  lecture  tours.” 

Read  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs.  “There’s  a  reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


—  99  %,  %  Pure- 

American  Ingot  Iron  Roofing 

Guaranteed  For  30  Years 

Without  Painting 

The  Only  Guaranteed  Metal  Roofing  ever  put  on  the 
market.  Samples  free.  Write  for  a  free  book  showing 
remarkable  tests.  A  way  out  of  your  roof  troubles. 

THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  CO..  Dent.  D.ELTRIA.  OHIO 


Monarch  ^  Hydraulic 

Cider  Press 

Net  owners  25 £  to  100# 
on  investment  per  yoar 
Ask  for  Free  Cat¬ 
alog  and  "Good 
Tip”  booklet  toll- 
_  ing  how. 

Monarch  Machinery  Co,,  609  Hudson  Terminal,  New  York. 


ftMoreWater«?£ 

“American”  Centrifugal  Pump 


than  brothers  because  the  impeller 
is  accurately  machined  to  the  casing, 
preventing  any  sudden 
change  in  direction 
of  the  water.  Not 
an  ounce  ot  power 
js  wasted.  Every 
American”  Cen¬ 
trifugal  absolutely 
guaranteed. 

Write  for  new 
catalog. 


THE  AMERICAN  WELL  WORKS 
Office  and  Works,  Aurora,  Ill. 

First  National  Bank  Building.  CHICAGO 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE 


.  .  .  MANUFACTURED  only  BY  .  .  . 

*The  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Send  for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  “Bono  Base”  Fertilizers. 


Seed  down  with 

HUBBARD’S 

Bonit* 

ASlLf 

Grass  and  Grain 
Fertilizer 

one  of  the  famous 
“  Bone  Base  ”  Hay  Makers 


THE  KUKAL  HEW- YORKER. 


September  16, 


Care  of  Tools. 

AV ill  you  kindly  tell  me  recipe  for  com¬ 
pound  to  be  used  on  plow  and  cultivator 
shovels  to  keep  them  in  condition  when  put 
away  for  the  Winter?  T.  s.  i. 

Connecticut. 

Our  plan  is  to  scour  the  metal  parts 
clean  and  smear  them  over  with  some 
cheap  grease.  This  will  prevent  rusting. 
Taint  the  wooden  parts. 


Top-dressing  for  Alfalfa. 

I  have  four  acres  of  Alfalfa  seeded  last 
Spring  with  barley  as  nurse  crop.  Shall  I 
top-dress  with  manure  now,  or  wait  until 
late  Fall  or  early  Winter?  w.  H.  A. 

New  York. 

We  should  wait  until  early  Winter  and 
then  top-dress  so  as  to  have  as  much  of  a 
covering  as  possible  while  the  ground  is 
frozen.  We  should  handle  the  Alfalfa  as 
we  do  strawberries  in  Winter. 


Crop  to  Follow  Millet. 

Some  say  you  cannot  raise  anything  on 
the  ground  where  millet  was  sown  and 
taken  off  for  hay.  I  sowed  two  acres  last 
Spring  and  I  got  a  big  crop,  10  two-horsey 
loads.  Can  I  grow  anything  after  German 
millet,  on  the  same  ground?  If  so,  what  is 
the  best  crop  to  plant?  A.  G. 

Southold,  N.  Y. 

You  certainly  can  if  you  give  fbe  soil 
enough  plant  food.  Millet  does  not  poison 
the  soil.  It  is  a  heavy  surface  feeder — that 
is,  its  roots  feed  on  the  upper  part  of  the 
soil.  As  it  makes  a  very  heavy  growth,  this 
means  that  the  available  plant  food  is  used 
up.  The  crop  following  has  little  to  feed  on 
unless  the  soil  is  naturally  very  strong.  You 
should  give  the  millet  stubble  a  good  coat 
of  manure  or  use  fertilizer  on  the  crop 
which  follows  it.  The  best  crop  to  come 
after  millet  depends  on  when  you  cut  it.  If 
early  enough  you  can  sow  buckwheat.  If 
late,  rye  or  wheat  will  do. 


Lime  With  Grass  Seeding. 

I  have  read  with  much  interest  in  The 
R.  N.-Y.  “A  Review  of  Clark  Grass  Culture,” 
and  am  of  the  opinion  this  is  the  only 
way  to  get  a  first  class  set  of  grass  that 
will  last,  but  as  it  causes  the  loss  of  a 
grain  crop  in  order  to  accomplish  this  we 
hesitate,  especially  where  our  acreage  is 
small.  The  practice  in  this  section  is  to 
drill  the  grass  seed  with  the  wheat  in  the 
Fall.  This  leaves  the  space  between  the 
drill  rows  without  any  and  consequently 
does  not  give  us  a  complete  covering  of  the 
ground.  Would  the  following  be  any  im¬ 
provement  on  this  and  would  it  interfere 
with  the  growth  of  the  wheat:  After  the 
ground  has  been  manured  and  limed  and 
a  good  seed  bed  made,  sow  about  eight 
quarts  of  grass  seed  (broadcast)  to  the 
acre,  then  drill  the  wheat  with  about 
eight  quarts  more  grass  seed  to  the  acre. 
Would  the  drill  hoes  or  plows  throw  suf¬ 
ficient  soil  each  way  to  the  center  to  cover 
the  seed  sown  broadcast,  or  would  it  be 
better  to  drill  ground  burned  lime  with 
the  wheat  instead  of  putting  it  on  before 
sowing?  c.  b.  n. 

We  should  put  on  the  lime  before  seed¬ 
ing.  We  think  broadcasting  the  grass  seed 
and  then  drilling  the  wheat  as  suggested 
would  be  an  improvement  over  drilling 
seed  and  grain  together. 


Honey  Bees  and  Tobacco. 

I  find  the  following  in  a  daily  paper.  Is 
it  a  fake? 

"Beekeepers  in  this  section  are  having 
a  terrible  time  with  their  prize  honeymak- 
ers  because  of  a  vice  to  which  the  bees 
have  become  addicted.  The  bees,  it  was 
found  to-day.  have  been  gorging  themselves 
on  the  nectar  of  tobacco  blossoms.  When 
one  of  the  apiarists  sampled  the  honey 
made  by  a  colony  of  tBe  bees  to-day  he 
found  that  the  honey  was  dark,  ill-tasting 
and  unfit  for  sale.  A  conference  of  apiar¬ 
ists  will  be  held  within  a  few  days  to  de¬ 
cide  whether  if  will  be  advisable  to  put 
the  honey  on  the  market  as  chewing  to¬ 
bacco.”  M.  it. 

Bees  will  gather  nectar  from  almost  any 
plant  some  seasons.  We  have  had  reports 
showing  that  they  have  gathered  nectar 
from  the  tobacco  blossoms,  but  nothing 
was  said  as  to  the  quality  of  the  honey. 
As  a  general  thing  the  amount  of  honey 
gathered  from  a  source  of  this  kind  is  very 
small  in  comparison  to  that  gathered  from 
other  plants.  Whatever  is  taken  by 
the  bees  is  mixed  with  other  honey 
nnd  its  identity  lost.  The  presumption 
is  that  the  honey  gathered  from  the 
tobacco  plant  without  being  mixed  with 
any  other  honey  would  have  a  strong 
flavor,  taking  on  the  characteristic  tobacco 
odor.  Honey  gathered  from  the  onion  plant 
partakes  somewhat  of  the  flavor  of  the 
onion  itself.  In  the  same  way,  honey  gath¬ 
ered  from  fruit  bloom  has  a  little  of  the 
aroma  of  the  apple.  Honey  from  the 
orange  trees  has  a  suggestion  in  it  of  the 
orange  juice  of  the  fruit  itself.  In  my 
opinion,  it  is  very  doubtful  if  enough  of 
honey  from  tobacco  is  gathered  to  demand 
a  call  for  a  conference  of  bee  keepers  to 
decide1  what  is  best  to  do  with  it.  Allow¬ 
ing  that  there  was  a  dark,  ill-flavored  honey 
gathered,  it  would  be  my  opinion  that  it 
was  honeydew  rather  than  a  product  from 
the  tobacco  plant,  for  I  never  knew  of  a 
case  where  tobacco  yielded  any  consider¬ 
able  quantity  of  honey.  e.  r.  root. 


CROP  NOTES. 

We  had  quite  a  drought  in  May,  but  have 
had  plenty  of  rain  since ;  had  a  good  hay 
crop.  Grain  was  medium.  Corn  is  an  im¬ 
mense  growth  in  this  section ;  early  potatoes 
were  a  failure,  but  late  ones  are  fine. 

Rodman,  N.  Y.  E.  J.  R. 

1  made  a  trip  to  Prince  Edward  Island 
this  Summer  and  found  they  had  no  rain  at 
Montague  from  February  till  August  15. 
Hay  was  very  light  and  all  other  crops 
very  thin.  Nearly  all  wells  dried  up,  springs 
barely  flowing,  swamps  all  dried  up  and 
flies  very  bad  on  cattle,  pasture  all  dried 
up  and  little  or  no  milk.  w.  s. 

Revere,  Mass. 

We  have  not  had  a  good  rain  since  April. 
Simply  light  showers,  and  the  ground  is 
dried  deeper  than  I  ever  saw  it  before. 
This  is  the  first  year  I  ever  saw  when  we 
did  not  some  time  in  May  o.  June  get  a 
good  soaking  two  or  three  days’  rain,  but 
all  told  not  two  inches  of  rain  fell  in  both 
months  this  year.  What  we  lacked  in  rain 
we  have  made  up  in  heat.  More  days  with 
the  mercury  above  90  degrees  than  in  any 
year  in  my  memory.  One  solid  week  with 
the  mercury  not  below  80,  day  or  night, 
and  often  near  the  century  mark.  Lots  of 
apples  sun-blistered  on  one  side  hanging  on 
the  trees.  The  quality  of  apples  was  never 
better,  but  there  is  not  such  a  crop  as 
dealers  would  like  to  make  out.  Some 
orchards  have  a  good  crop,  but  many  have 
none,  and,  take  the  county  together,  there 
is  not  over  20  per  cent,  more  than  last 
year,  which  was  a  poor  one.  Buyers  are 
trying  to  get  the  apples  for  little  money, 
but  any  man  who  has  good  apples  does 
not  want  to  lose  his  nut ;  put  them  up  in 
good  style  and  remember  the  country  is 
prosperous;  everybody  is  at  work  at  good 
wages  and  every  apple  will  be  wanted  at  a 
fair  price.  j.  s.  woodward. 

Niagara  Co.,  N.  Y. 

I  have  driven  over  quite  a  bit  of  Wash¬ 
ington  Co.,  Ark.,  and  have  talked  with  a 
good  many  fruit  growers,  and  I  am  satis¬ 
fied  in  my  own  mind  that  there  will  not 
be  over  15  per  cent  of  the  apples  shipped 
out  of  this  county  that  there  were  during 
the  season  of  1910.  The  apples  are  rot¬ 
ting  on  the  trees,  and  a  large  per  cent  of 
them  are  dropping.  We  are  getting  now 
00  cents  per  bushel  at  the  evaporators  for 
any  apples  that  will  do  to  peel  and  30 
cents  per  bushel  for  the  vinegar  stock ; 
it  does  not  make  any  difference  how  small 
they  are,  or  how  rotten  just  so  they  look 
like  an  apple.  A  good  many  are  shaking 
their  trees  and  taking  their  orchards  clean 
as  they  go.  We  have  three  large  evapora¬ 
tors  at  Springdale,  Ark.,  and  they  are 
working  up  between  3,000  and  4.000  bush¬ 
els  per  day.  The  canning  factory  is  also 
using  a  large  amount,  and  there  are  also 
quite  a  number  of  small  evaporators  scat¬ 
tered  over  the  county,  run  by  the  farmers. 
Our  drought  ended  here  July  13,  and  we 
have  been  having  an  abundance  of  rain 
since  then.  Corn  in  the  valleys  and  bot¬ 
tom  land  has  come  out  wonderfully,  and 
will  make  a  fair  crop.  An  immense  acre¬ 
age  of  cow  peas,  millet,  cane  and  Kaffir 
corn  has  been  sown,  and  they  are  making 
a  great  growth.  Pastures  are  fine;  farm¬ 
ers  who  got  scared  during  the  dry  spell 
and  sold  their  stock  at  a  sacrifice  are  wish¬ 
ing  now  that  they  had  them  back,  as  it  is 
almost  impossible  to  pick  up  a  cow,  steer 
or  calf  at  the  present  time.  G.  w.  c. 

Fayetteville,  Ark. 


COMING  FARMERS*  MEETINGS. 

Illinois  State  Fair,  Springfield,  September 
29-October  7. 

New  Haven,  Conn.,  Horticultural  So¬ 
ciety,  September  13. 

Ohio  State  Horticultural  Society,  Torch 
Hill,  September  19. 

Connecticut  Horticultural  Society,  Hart¬ 
ford,  September  19-20. 

Vermont  State  Fair,  White  River  Junc¬ 
tion,  September  19-22. 

Michigan  State  Fair,  Detroit,  September 
18-27. 

Apple  Carnival,  Martinsburg,  W.  Va„  Sept. 
27-29. 

New  Jersey  Fair,  Trenton,  September  25- 
29. 

Connecticut  State  Fair,  Berlin,  September 
26-29. 

Connecticut  Pomological  Society,  Berlin, 
September  26. 

Virginia  State  Fair,  Richmond,  October 
9-14. 

New  England  Fruit  Show,  Boston,  Mass., 
October  23-28. 

National  Dairy  Show,  Chicago,  Ill.,  Oc¬ 
tober  26-November  4. 

National  Creamery  Butter  Makers’  Asso¬ 
ciation,  Chicago,  November  1-3. 

Indiana  Apple  Show,  Indianapolis,  No¬ 
vember  6-11. 

Massachusetts  Corn  Show,  Springfield, 
Mass.,  November  11-18. 

Boston  Chamber  of  Commerce  Agricul¬ 
tural  Exhibit,  October  2-31. 

National  Apple  Show,  Spokane,  Wash., 
November  27-30. 


The  Labor  Question. — If  N.  M.  C.,  on 
page  862,  wants  to  escape  his  labor  prob¬ 
lem,  let  him  come  here  where  labor  is  plen¬ 
tiful  at  50  to  75  cents  per  day,  or  $10  to 
$12  per  month  ;  where  we  can  grow  crops 
the  year  round,  and  as  to  markets  we  have 
them  at  our  doors,  or  can  ship  direct  and  at 
water  rates  to  all  the  Eastern  markets,  from 
Baltimore  to  Boston. 

ALBERT  H.  STODDARD,  JR. 

South  Carolina. 

R.  N.-Yr. — The  Vermont  man  who  told,  on 
page  862,  of  the  trouble  in  finding  suitable 
labor,  would  no  doubt  reply  ‘‘there’s  no 
place  like  home.”  He  would  rather  stay 
where  he  was  born  and  raised  if  he  could. 


Where  There’s  a  Demand 
—There  is  Where  You  Can 
Make  Money 

FARMERS  everywhere  are  waking  to 
the  value  of  drainage  and  tiling.  They 
demand  machine-made  trenches.  The 
work  is  better  done  than  by  the  old  back¬ 
breaking  method.  The  cut  is  truer,  the  grade 
more  level.  Machine  work  saves  25%  to 
50%,  and  two  or  three  men  can  replace  a 
gang  of  seventy-five. 

The  Buckeye  Trencher  coils  little  and 
pays  for  itself  the  firit  season.  There’s  not 
a  weak  or  breakable  part  about  it.  As  for 
speed,  two  men  can  dig  100  to  150  rods  a 
day,  no  matter  how  difficult  the  job.  Simple 
to  operate  either  the  Seam  or  gasoline 
machine.  Are  you  awake  to  opportunity? 
We  want  to  hear  from  the  men  who  are 
interested  in  making  a  success. 

Write  to-day  for  Catalog  No.  3 

The  Buckeye  Traction  Ditcher  Co., 
Findlay,  Ohio. 


’LLIC, 

■NGINEJ 


KEROSENE 


Gasoline,  Distillate — Any  Fuel  Oil. 
QUALITY  FIRST 

Smooth  running,  steady, 
powerful,  quiet.  Ten  ex¬ 
clusive  features.  Hue  ap¬ 
pearance.  Finished  seven 
coats  of  engine  enamel. 

Greateslvalue  in  the  en 
gine  world  for  the  price 

Number  of  1912  exhlbl 
tion  engine*  ready  now 
Get  oik*.  Special  price 
while  they  la«t. 

FREE  TRIAL 

No  obligatloiih  till  satis- 
lied.  IO-year  guarantee. 

“ Engine  Facts ”  free ; 
write  for  it  N(.)W. 

ELLIS  ENGINE  CO. 

61  Mulleti  Street,  DETROIT.  MICH 


ORLDSY 


No  Better  Roofing  Made 
At  Double  Our  Price 

1  Ply,  $1.20  Per  100  Sq.  Ft. 

2  "  1.50 . 

3  “  1.80  “  “  “  “ 

Our  Complete  Mall  Order  Catalogue- 
Free  on  Request 

MANUFACTURERS  DISTRIBUTING  CO 

Pittsburgh’s  Mail  Order  House 

Dept.  H.  Pittsourph,  Pa. 


Lowest  Cost — Best  Service 

NO  matter  what  your  power  needs 
write  at  once, for  the  Leffel 
Free  Book  tel  is  al  1  facts 
about  engines.  Get  posted 
on  what's  what  in  the  power 
world.  Don’t  make  a  mistake. 

Buy  right  the/irs/ time.  Thou¬ 
sands  of  Leffel  engines  are  dis¬ 
placing  gasoline  engines  be¬ 
cause  they  are  more  depend¬ 
able-more  simple — more  dur¬ 
able  ami  more  economical.  Let 
us  prove  it  to  you.  Ttffi’ill 

LEFFEL 

Steam  Engines 

work  harder  at  less  cost  than 
any  other  engine  you  could 
buy.  Made  to  run  any  machine  on  your  farm.  Burns| 
any  old  wood  or  rubbish  around  the  place  for  fuel. 
WRITE  FOR  FREE  BOOK  Don't  decide  on  your 
engine  before  you  get  the  Leffel  Book  that  tells 
all  the  facts  about  Gasoline'  and  Steam  power 
outfits  and  their  relative  value  to  you.  Don’t 
wait— write  postal  now.  Address 
lames  Leffel  &  Company 
Box  264,  Springfield,  Ohio - 


A  Day  to  run  this 
Sturdy  Jack 
2  H.P  Pumper 


Get  these 
4  Books 
on  Engines 


’The  limit  of  efficiency 
aud  economy  reached. 
Few  parts  aud  perfection  in  de¬ 
sign,  with  mechanical  exactness 
in  construction,  have  made  this 
possible.  No 
other  engine 
costs  so  little  J 
t  o  operate. 
Runs  on  its 
own  base — 
doesnot have 
to  be  propped 
up  by  pump. 

Send  lor  our  lour  Engine  Books 

I  Tell  you  how  an  engine  should 
|  be  made  to  do  effective  work — 
what  is  important — tell  how 
engine  users  are  misled.  If 
you  have  need  for  a  small  en- 
[  gine,  but  one  that  can  be  put  to 
h al  f  a  h  u  ud  red  uses ,  y ou 
1  should  write  for  these 
books  without  delay. 

JACOBSON  MACHINE 
MANUFACTURING 
COMPANY 
Warren,  Pa. 


“NEW  MODERN” 


FEED  and 
LITTER 


CARRIERS 


,  Do  twice  the  work  in  half  the  time. 
THEY  PAY  FOR  THEMSELVES. 
Easy  to  use  and  nothing  to  get  out  of  order. 


“NEW  MODERN” 
Swing  Cattle  Stanchion 

with  individual  manger 
and  watering  basin  is 
the  best  yet. 


“NEW  MODERN” 
Sanitary  Steel  Stalls 

There  is  nothing  bet¬ 
ter  nor  easier  to  keep 
clean. 


Write  for  Catalog  D. 

GL0R  BROS.  &  WILLIS  MFG.  CO.,  58  Main  St.,  Attica,  N.  Y. 

*' Everythin#  for  the  Barn 

Exhibit  State  Fair  Dairy  Building 


Tfli«  Rnnk  reveals  the  hidden  sources  of  strength  or  weakness  indifferent 

tal  LfWUIl  makes  of  gasoline  engines.  It  enables  any  man  who  thinks 
for  himself  to  select  an  engine  wisely,  without  wasting  a  dollar  in  disastrous  experiments. 
Explains  in  simple  language  the  difference  between  engines  of  various  types.  Gives  the 
results  of  our  long  experience  in  manufacturing  the  world-famous 


FULLER  &  JOHNSON 


Double-Efficiency  Farm  Engine 

We  designed  the  first  successful  open  water-jacket  engine  and  have  introduced,  in  rapid  suc¬ 
cession,  a  score  of  engine  improvements  which  are  now  accepted  as  standard.  The  book  tells 

Why  Our  Little  “3-Horse”  Outclasses  Many  5-H.P.  Engines 


It  shows  how  science  and  skill  have  com¬ 
bined  to  produce  engines  of  wondrous  power 
and  unlimited  durability.  How  even  our  little 
"3-Horse”  does  more  than  many  engines 
rated  at  5  H.  P.  We  have  the  documentary 
evidence  to  prove  these  startling  statements. 


Write  for  the  Free  Book  at  once  — then 
make  your  own  comparisons  and  act  accord¬ 
ingly.  Write  for  name  of  nearest  dealer  who 
has  Fuller  &  Johnson  Engines  on  exhibition. 

If  interested  in  our  Farm  Pump  Engine,  ask 
for  special  Pump  Engine  Catalog;  -Address 


Fuller  &  Johnson  Mfg.  Co.  (Est.1840),  9  Rowley  St.,  Madison,  Wis. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  N  JrC  W  -YORKER 


on  Cream  Separators,  Buggies,  Wagons,  Farm  Implements,  Sewing  Machines,  Pianos,  Organs  and  other  necessities,  by  going  hack 
to  original  sources  of  supply,  assembling  the  raw  materials  and  producing  these  articles  in  our  own  factories.  We  have  put  into  the 
pockets  of  our  customers  every  cent  of  the  extra  profits  and  unnecessary  expense  of  the  “agent-and-middleman”  system  of  distribution. 

Now  comes  our .  latest  and  perhaps  biggest  sensation  in  manufacturing  enterprise ,  the  newly  completed 
engine  works  in  which  we  are  building  the  celebrated  stationary  and  portable ,  P/2  to  10-horse  power 

Economy  Gasoline  Engines 


PUMPING  OUTFITS 


Users  of 
paying  from 


gasoline  engines  are 
one-third  to  one-half 
more  than  actual  value  for  engines 
bought  through  the  wasteful  out  of 


WOOD  SAWING  OUTFITS 


date  agent-and-middleman  method.  Never  was  there  a  greater  opportunity  for  us  to  serve  our  customers  than  in  gasoline  engines, 
there  been  a  better  chance  for  us  to  demonstrate  the  practical  value  of  our  “factory  to  farm”  method  of  merchandising. 


Never  has 


The  Remedv  The  remedy  for  high  prices  and  unjust  profits  in 
M  gasoline  engines  is  at  hand.  We  now  own  what  we 

believe  to  be  the  best  engine  building  plant  in  the  country,  equipped  with  all  the 
latest  improved  automatic  and  labor  saving  machinery,  manned  by  an  organization 
of  the  highest  skill.  In  this  perfect  engine  factory  we  have  made  a  complete 
investigation  of  the  gasoline  engine  question.  We  know  exactly  what  the  farmer’s 
gasoline  engine  must  do,  and  we  are  building  the  engine  that  will  do  it.  Every 
problem  has  been  met  squarely  and  solved  honestly.  We  offer  no  makeshifts  or 
compromises  in  the  Economy  Gasoline  Engine.  In  the  testing  department  of  our 
engine  factory  every  engine  on  the  market  has  been  actually  operated  and  tested 
alongside  the  ECONOMY. 

The  result  of  these  tests  shows  Economy  Engines  to  be  so 
perfect  in  their  quality,  power,  efficiency  and  durability,  that  we 
now  sell  them  under  a  lifetime  guarantee  and  with  the  privilege 
of  a  sixty  days’  trial. 

How  we  have  knocked  the  bottom  out  of  the  high  prices  that  have  formerly  ruled  the  engine 
trade,  together  with  the  whole  story  of  our  great  engine  building  plant,  with  its  perfect  machinery 
and  its  splendid  organization  for  raising  quality  and  lowering  prices,  is  all  told  in  our  new 
Gasoline  Engine  Catalog.  The  coupon  to  the  right  properly  filled  out  brings  it  to  you.  The 
Economy  Gasoline  Engine  Catalog  puts  the  whole  situation  before  you  so  clearly  that  you  will 
shake  hands  with  yourself  and  will  want  to  shake  hands  with  us  after  you  have  read  it. 

Before  you  turn  this  page,  or  lay  the  paper  down,  TEAR  OFF  THE  COUPON. 
No,  don’t  tuck  it  in  your  pocketl  Fill  it  out  and  mail  it  to  us  without  delay. 


H8BB 


Let  Our  Experts  Answer  Your  Questions. 

You  do  not  need  to  be  told  that  a  gasoline  engine  will  earn  its 
cost  several  times  over  in  a  few  months.  You  are  probably  figuring 
on  letting  a  gasoline  engine  take  the  place  of  hand  labor  in  the  house, 
dairy  and  laundry,  letting  it  help  the  windmill  when  there  is  no 
wind,  doing  by  gasoline  engine  power  some  of  the  work  now  done 
by  your  horses. 

How  Much  Power  Do  /  Need? 

It  won’t  cost  you  a  penny  to  get  an  absolutely  accurate  answer  to 
this  or  any  other  question  connected  with  power  for  the  farm.  Just 
write  and  tell  us  what  work  you  have  for  the  engine  to  do  and  our 
engineers  will  tell  you  exactly  what  power  you  require  and  how 
much  it  will  cost  you.  If  a  4-liorse  power  engine  will  do  your  .work 
as  well  as  6-horse,  our  engineers  will  tell  you  so.  If  you  actually 
need  4-horse  power  to  operate  your  machinery,  our  engineer  may  be 
able  to  show  you  where  it  would  be  better  to  purchase  two  2-horse 
power  engines  instead  of  one  4-horse  power.  Tell  us  what  your 
needs  are. 

Write  us  today  and  let  us  solve  your  power  problems.  The 
engineers  who  made  the  Perfected  Economy  Gasoline  Engine  are 
ready  to  give  you  expert  advice  without  one  penny  of  cost  to  you. 


SEARS,  ROEBUCK  AND  CO.,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Please  send  me  a  copy  of  your  new  Economy  Gasoline  Engine  Catalog. 


Name. 


ioi  Postoffice _ 

ccl 

“I  R.  F.  D.  No.. 
P.  0.  Box  No. _ 


.State. 


.Street  and  No.. 


l^'Horse  Power 


$2Q95 


2-Horse  Power 


$4295 


4-Horse  Power 


$7475 


6-Horse  Power 

$104§ 

8- Horse  Power 

$16825 


10-Hotse  Power 


We  Have  Saved  Millions 

for  American  Farr 


SEARS,  ROEBUCK  AND  CO.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 


©24 


Hope  Farm  Notes 

Wet  Days. — Where  is  this  man  who  com¬ 
plained  about  the  drought?  He  must  have 
been  washed  away  if  he  lived  in  our  coun¬ 
try.  Without  much  warning,  and  after 
the  clerk  of  the  weather  had  cried  “Wolf! 
Wolf !”  several  times,  there  started  in  the 
heaviest  rain  we  have  known  in  over  30 
years.  Day  after  day  the  water  poured 
down.  It  was  a  gentle,  penetrating  rain 
without  wind  enough  to  do  any  damage. 
In  fact  on  several  days  while  the  skies 
were  crying  the  windmill  stood  still.  It  was 
a  case  of  water,  water  everywhere,  but 
never  a  drop  for  the  bathroom  until  you 
pumped  it  by  hand.  When  we  get  that  gas 
pumper  over  the  well  we  can  cut  out  all 
such  conditions.  The  carpenters  could  not 
work  on  their  job.  They  had  the  roof 
partly  shingled,  and  the  rain  came  in  and 
softened  some  of  the  plastering.  Now  and 
then  a  chunk  would  fall  with  a  smash.  Our 
house  is  small  for  the  big  family,  and  the 
rain  seemed  to  make  it  smaller.  The 
children  could  not  get  out  and  play,  and 
of  course  they  wTcre  restless.  Most  of  you 
know  what  it  is  to  be  washed  into  the 
house  by  the  rain.  It  is  worse  than  a  cold 
wave  or  a  snowstorm.  This,  however,  is 
hut  child’s  play  compared  with  what  hap¬ 
pens  in  Florida,  Texas  or  Mexico  when  it 
rains. 

Outdoors  the  rain  did  great  things.  The 
soil  was  so  thirsty  that  it  swallowed  every 
drop  of  water  and  wanted  more.  The 
Belle  of  Georgia  peaches  were  just  ripening. 
We  got  them  off  either  between  showers 
or  right  through  them  without  loss.  The 
Elbertas  did  not  ripen  until  the  rain  stopped 
and  this  water  gave  them  extra  size.  The 
later  varieties  probably  increased  50  per 
cent  as  a  result  of  this  soaking.  I  wish 
you  could  have  seen  some  of  our  Chairs 
Choice  on  Labor  Day.  They  are  in  sod. 
The  trees  are  not  large  but  the  fruit  is 
brick  red  on  the  sunny  side.  If  we  could 
have  had  this  rain  divided  in  four  parts 
and  distributed  through  July  and  August 
onr  conditions  would  have  been  ideal — but 
why  figure  on  things  that  are  out  of  your 
reach?  The  late  apples  will  be  helped  by 
this  deluge.  We  have  cut  all  the  weeds 
and  trash  we  could  and  this  stuff  will  be 
piled  around  the  trees  that  are  left  in  sod. 
I  find  it  hard  to  get  people  to  see  the 
value  of  such  work,  hut  if  you  ever  try  to 
develop  a  sod  orchard  you  will  find  this  one 
of  the  best  jobs  you  can  do  in  late  Sum¬ 
mer.  You  cannot  put  too  much  vegetable 
matter  around  a  sod  tree. 

Now  that  the  soil  is  well  soaked  we  can 
turn  it  over  and  put  in  our  rye.  I  believe 
it  to  be  too  late  now  to  be  sure  of  Hairy 
vetch,  and  rye  is  the  surest  crop  we  have. 
1  hope  to  sow  an  acre  or  so  of  wheat,  that 
we  may  say  wc  use  our  own  flour,  but  rye 
is  the  most  profitable  Fall  grain  for  our 
section  and  we  can  put  it  in  until  the 
middle  of  October.  Under  our  system  we 
can  cut  part  of  the  crop  for  grain  and 
straw  or  plow  it  all  under  as  seems  best. 
At  any  rate  we  want  every  square  foot  of 
cultivated  ground  covered  during  Fall  and 
Winter  with  rye  or  some  other  living  crop. 
During  the  drought  I  said  little  about  this, 
because  I  know  it  is  useless  to  put  in  a 
cover  crop  while  there  is  not  moisture 
enough  to  take  care  of  the  regular  crops. 
Now  that  rain  has  come  we  should  all  pre¬ 
pare  to  cover  the  soil  with  living  plants. 
Bye  is  the  best  policeman  to  arrest  the 
nitrates  that  I  know  of  at  this  late  season. 
1  know  that  some  of  the  scientific  men  tell 
us  rye  has  little  value.  My  advice  is  to 
listen  to  them  respectfully  and  then  go  and 
seed  the  rye. 

'  Farm  Notes. — I  told  you  about  the  old 
horse,  Nellie  Bl.v.  We  could  not  save  her 
after  all.  She  improved  slowly  until  she 
seemed  out  of  danger,  when  suddenly  she 
showed  the  same  symptoms  of  swollen  neck 
i  and  inability  to  swallow.  The  passage  had 
I  clogged  again,  apparently  in  the  same  place. 

The  doctor  told  us  that  the  trouble  was 
J  liable  to  return  at  any  time,  and  in  her 
weak  condition  there  was  no  way  of  helping 
her.  It  was  a  hopeless  case,  and  so  the 
old  horse  passed  away.  She  was  the  last 
of  our  “old  guard”  of  four-footed  partners 
who  came  with  us  to  the  farm  a  dozen 
years  ago.  The  others  have  all  gone.  I 
would  gladly  have  kept  the  old  horse  as  a 
pensioner,  for  she  linked  us  back  to  the 
past.  She  did  her  duty.  She  was  nervous 
and  foolish  and  wanted  her  own  way — 
■which  was  not  always  best.  I  sometimes 
think  those  individuals  with  nerves  or  a 
cranky  disposition  deserve  greater  credit 
for  the  work  they  do  than  the  contented 
creatures  'who  have  no  natural  devil  prod¬ 
ding  them  on  to  mischief.  At  any  rate, 
as  Nellie  rests  in  the  apple  orchard  all  her 
cranks  and  nerves  are  forgotten.  She 
j  helped  us,  and  her  brown  daughter  is  left 
to  do  her  trotting  and  driving  in  a  gentler 
[way.  .  .  .  Our  onion  crop  cannot  be 


the  RUR-A-Iv  new-yokker 


September  16* 


called  a  great  success.  The  drought 
pinched  it  and  the  onions  are  small.  They 
are  gaining  now  somewhat,  but  we  step 
out  of  tiie  ring  whenever  one  of  these  big 
onion  stories  comes  forward  with  a  shoulder 
chip.  No,  I  fear  we  must  step  up  on  our 
toes  to  touch  the  “average”  of  onions.  The 
boy’s  potato  crop  went  back  on  him  badly. 
That  dry  July  pinched  the  life  out  of  it. 
The  potatoes  are  not  all  dug  yet,  but  it 
looks  as  if  the  returns  would  be  only  half 
what  we  hoped  for.  On  the  other  hand 
those  two  hogs  are  growing  like  ragweeds 
after  a  blighted  potato  crop.  The  boy  has 
found  that  the  stomach  of  a  growing  hog 
is  like  the  bottomless  pit.  Kitchen  swill, 
weeds,  garden  wastes,  apples,  sweet  corn 
ears  squash,  grain,  all  disappear  down  that 
black  throat,  and  still  the  cry  is  more! 
There  will  be  a  good  profit  on  these  hogs. 
I  think  they  will  stand  for  one  month 
each  at  college.  I  knew  a  boy  at  college 
who  was  carried  along  by  one  good  sow. 
Her  earnings,  with  what  he  picked  up  him¬ 
self.  carried  him  through.  .  .  .  Let  mo 

remind  all  of  you  that  cold  days  and  nights 
are  coming,  and  it  is  time  to  consider  the 
house  heating  for  Winter.  Do  not  put  it  off 
too  long,  but  get  ready  now.  for  a  cold 
house  may  mean  Winter-long  colds  or  even 
pneumonia.  If  you  use  stoves  get  them  out 
and  up  some  of  these  wet  days  all  ready 
for  starting.  If  I  had  my  way  every  farm¬ 
house  in  this  country  would  have  hot  water 
or  steam  heat.  You  who  have  never  tried 
it  can  hardly  realize  how  much  it  would 
mean  to  have  a  comfortable  heat  distriouted 
all  over  the  house.  With  stoves  and  fire¬ 
places  only  parts  of  the  house  are  made 
comfortable,  and  family  life  is  restricted. 
With  hot  water  or  steam,  life  is  broadened 
out  and  the  entire  family  feels  better.  I 
know  that  many  feel  that  the  35-cent  dollar 
does  not  make  a  foundation  for  steam  heat¬ 
ers.  and  it  is  true.  I  wish  that  conditions 
were  such  that  every  farmhouse  in  the  land 
could  have  these  conveniences.  That  is 
where  they  belong  if  anywhere. 

“The  Hope  Farm  Crowd.” — During  each 
year  a  number  of  people  come  forward  with 
a  comment  like  this : 

“Does  Hope  Farm  and  its  raft  of  kids 
really  exist  or  is  it  just  plain  guff?  I 
always  knew  newspaper  men  were  long  on 
children  and  dogs,  but  his  crowd  takes  the 
cake.  My  wife  says  if  it  is  a  fake  she  will 
never  look  at  The  R.  N.-Y.  again.” 

New  York.  o.  B. 

Whenever  you  see  a  fake  in  The  R.  N.-Y. 
it  is  your  privilege  to  come  and  chop  it  out 
by  the  roots.  Hope  Farm  could  no  more  be 
hidden  than  a  city  set  on  a  hill.  We  have 
100  acres  of  valley  and  hill  at  Woodcliff 
Lake,  N.  J.,  that  have  been  here  for  cen- 
tries  and  will  no  doubt  remain  for  many 
more.  If  my  friend  will  come  here  1  will 
walk  him  up  and  down  those  hills  until 
ho  will  admit  that  the  angle  at  which  he 
climbs  is  anything  but  “plain  guff.”  The 
way  to  convince  his  wife  would  be  to  have 
her  cook  half  a  dozen  meals  for  our  family 
just  as  it  is.  As  I  write  I  can  count  up 
10  adults  and  nine  large  and  small  children 
who  will  sit  down  to  dinner.  Three  of 
these  are  visitors.  We  have  a  good  range 
and  a  convenient  kitchen.  Let  this  lady 
cook  six  meals,  including  bread  baking,  for 
this  crowd,  and  the  chances  are  that  she 
will  consider  it  anything  but  a  fake.  I 
do  not  know  of  any  more  practical  test. 
“Takes  the  cake  !”  We  will  agree  to  take 
cake  as  fast  as  she  can  bake  it.  As  for 
being  “long  on  children  and  dogs.”  we  have 
no  dog  on  the  farm  just  now,  and  only  one 
child  of  our  own.  The  others  are  fixtures, 
however,  and  they  are  all  here  as  repre¬ 
sented.  Come  and  pay  for  the  shoes  they 
wear  out.  or  darn  their  stockings  for  a 
while,  and  see  how  much  “guff”  there  is  to 
it  You  would  not  find  any  model  farm 
here,  but  plenty  of  weeds  and  blunders  and 
balks — probably  below  the  average  and  in¬ 
ferior  to  your  own  place.  Such  as  it  is. 
however,  it  is  all  here,  from  the  sod  or¬ 
chard  up  to  the  smallest  redhead.  I 
think  you  will  find,  too,  that  the  story  of 
Hope  Farm  is  a  fair  pen  picture  of  condi¬ 
tions  as  they  are.  Another  friends  has 
asked :  “Who  or  irhat  ore  -these  redheads 
that  you  tell  about?”  That  is  a  fair  ques¬ 
tion,  but  I  must  leave  it  for  another  week. 

Orchard  Cultivation. — “I  have  long 
practiced  with  satisfactory  results  thorough 
cultivation  of  orchards.  An  authority  states 
that  the  same  results  can  be  obtained  by 
plowing  only  two  or  three  furrows  in  one 
direction  midway  between  the  apple  trees. 
This  would  be  a  great  economy  if  feasible. 
What  is  your  experience?”  H.  M. 

New  York. 

T  doubt  it  unless  you  have  just  exactly 
the  right  kind  of  soil.  I  should  want  to 
know  iiow  much  experience  that  “authority” 
had  back  of  him.  Rome  of  the  best  culti¬ 
vators  let  their  orchards  “rest”  at  times. 
That  is,  they  let  grass  and  weeds  come  in 
for  a  couple  of  years  and  then  resume 
cultivation.  They  get  nearly  as  good  re¬ 
sults  while  the  trees  are  in  sod.  yet  this 
might  not  be  an  argument  for  no  culture. 
I  know  that  we  can  grow  good  trees  and 
good  crops  by  leaving  a  Strip  of  sod  10-12 
feet  wide  along  the  tree  runs  and  plowing 
or  cultivating  the  middles.  The  grass  on 
the  sod  strips  is  cut  and  piled  around  the 
trees.  On  a  natural  grass  soil,  wet  in  most 
years,  the  plan  mentioned  would  give  fair 
crops  at  reduced  cost.  On  lighter  soils  sub¬ 
ject  to  drought  I  should  doubt  it. 

Fertilizing  Hillsides. — Here  we  shall 
have  a  good  chance  for  an  argument : 

“Is  it  safe,  on  a  sandy  hillside  (sandy 
loam),  which  will  be  covered  with  rye 
and  vetch  this  Winter,  to  apply  enough  ad¬ 
ditional  chemicals,  i.  e.,  potash  and  slag,  to 
provide  for  the  crop  to  be  sown  in  the 
Spring  as  well  as  the  green  manure  crop? 
The  object  is  to  save  time  in  the  Spring. 
Will  the  fertilizer  in  excess  of  the  needs  of 
the  rye  and  vetch  wash  away  or  rather 
leach  away?”  s.  h.  s. 

I  would  not  do  it.  The  time  required 
to  broadcast  fertilizer  will  not  amount  to 
much,  and  there  will  be  more  or  less  loss 
by  washing  over  such  a  hillside.  Of 
course  I  know  how  some  of  the  authorities 
talk  about  the  safety  of  spreading  Winter 
manure  on  hillsides  or  broadcasting  fer¬ 
tilizer  in  Winter.  They  are  at  liberty  to 
continue,  such  practice,  -but  I  think  there  is 
too  much  risk  about  it.  H.  w.  c. 


“No  Hunting7’ 
Signs  FREE 


I  want  to  send  every  Farmer 
reader  of  this  paper  enough 
fine,  large,  “No  Hunting” 
signs  to  cover  his  whole  farm 


All  I  ask  in  return  for  this 
favor  is  your  name,  address 
and  the  number  and  kind 
of  farm  gates  you  are  now 
using.  Then  I  want  to 
send  you  my  Special  Money 
Saving  1912  Proposition  on 


Iowa  Farm  Gates 


You  will  be  under  no  obligation  to  me,  re¬ 
member,  by  accepting  the  Free  “No  Hunting” 
Signs.  I  want  you  to  have  them,  anyway. 
Later,  I  want  a  chance  to  convince  you — as  I 
have  thousands  of  farmers— that  I  can  save 
you  5-50  to  5250— at  least  510  on  every  gate  you 
buy  from  me.  I  can  do  it  all  right ! 

But  don*t  bother  about  that  right  now — 
just  send  for  your  signs  and  tell  me  how 
many  and  what  kind  of  gates  (wood  or  metal, 
etc.)  you  now  have  on  your  farm. 


As  I  have  only  10,000  of  these  signs,  it 
might  be  a  good  thing  to  let  me  hear  from 
you  right  away.  I  don’t  want  to  disappoint 
any  of  my  Farmer  Friends,  if  I  can  help  it. 
Address  me  personally — 


JOSEPH  B.  CLAY.  Manager 

Iowa  Gate  Co.,  45  Maine  St.,  Cedar  Falls,  la 


Strongest,  Heaviest,  Most  Durable  Galvanized 

STEEL  FENCE  POST 

made.  Will  not  rot,  rust  nor  burn.  Any 
length,  holds  any  wire  fence,  lower  base 
removable.  May  be  driven  or  anchored. 
For  farms,  railroads,  vineyards  and 
lawns,  Six-foot  posts  25  cents. 

Catalogue  Free 

KENT  STEEL  FENCE  POST  COMPANY 
108  School  Street  Kent,  Ohio 


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Edwards  Interlocking 
“Reo”  Steel  Shingles 


Writ©  today  for  our  Big  Free  Catalog  No.  9 <3  which 
gives  full  details  about  Edwards  Interlocking  Reo 
Steel  Shingles  and  other  metal  rooting  and  materials 
mad©  by  us.  It  tells  you  all  about  the  Ten  Thousand 
Dollar  Guaranty  Bond,  which  insures  ©very  Edwards 
•#Reo”  Steel  Shingle  Roof  against  destruction  by 
lightning  for  all  time.  ,  .  .  .  , 

Edwards  “Reo"  Steel  Shingles  are  made  of  high- 
grade  Bessemer  Steel  in  sheets  6  to  12  feet  long  and 
24  inches  wide.  Either  painted  or  galvanized  steel  and 
all  ready  to  put  on.  You  can  easily  put  them  on  your- 
self.  Only  hammer  and  nails  required. 

We  have  a  Special  Cash  Money-Making  Propo¬ 
sition  for  the  man  who  writes  for  it.  in  each  commu¬ 
nity.  If  any  of  your  buildings  need  roofing,  you  are 

^Send dimensions  of  your  buildings  nnd  we  will  quota 
you  cost  of  an  Edwards  Hoof — freight  prepaid. 

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Largest  Manufacturers  of  Steel 
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Greater  capacity  is  guaranteed  in  all  Spencer 
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We  have  just  issued  a  new  Free  book  on 
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Virginia  Farms  and  Timber  Lands 

$5.00  per  acre  and  up.  Improved  and  unimproved. 
Rich  land,  productive  crops;  mild,  healthy  climate; 
happy  farmers,  colonial  homes.  Catalogue  free. 
B.  T.  WATKINS  &  CO.,  No.  28  North  Ninth 
Street,  Richmond,  Virginia. 


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ey,  se 
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OY,  Owego,  Tioga  (J 


THE 

BEST  FARM 

LOCATIONS 


To  the  man  looking  for  a  home  where  productive  lands,  favorable  climate 
and  abundant  rainfall  make  the  best  paying  farm  locations  in  America,  the 
Southeast  is  now  the  unequalled  section.  Land  from  $10  to  $50  mi  acre  near 
the  heart  of  the  country  and  close  to  the  best  markets.  The  largest  returns 
from  Alfalfa  and  other  hay,  wheat,  corn  and  all  truck  crops.  Land  unsur¬ 
passed  for  live  stock  and  poultry  raising  and  dairying.  For  fruit  growing 
no  region  is  more  profitable. 

Beef  and  pork  are  produced  at  from  3  to  4  cents  a  pound.  Experts  say  no 
Other  section  can  compete  with  the  South  in  stock  raising.  Our  mountain 
and  Piedmont  regions  will  be  the  most  successful  daily  districts  of  the  country.  As  many  as  G  crops 
of  Alfalfa  a  season  are  harvested.  Other  hay  crops  are  also  large.  Hav  brings  $12  to  $22  a  ton. 
The  Southeast  is  rapidly  coming  to  the  front  as  a  corn  section  Our  States  will  grow  GOO, 000.000 
bushels  this  year.  Hood  farmers  can  get  the  largest  yield  possible  anywhere,  as  returns  prove.  The 
south  is  the  leading  section  for  truck  farming  of  all  kinds,  and  growers  make  the  largest  profits. 

THE  SOUTHEAST  HAS  LOCATIONS  FOR  EVERY  KIND  OF  FARIVIING 

The  climate  assures  not  only  the  finest  results  from  intelligent  agriculture,  but  makes  the  region  unsur¬ 
passed  as  a  healthful  and  pleasant  home  location.  The  Southeast  is  nh  OPEN  WINTER  country,  and  its  sum¬ 
mers  are  enjoyable.  You  will  he  able  to  locate  where  there  are  good  schools,  church  facilities,  good  roads, 
rural  delivery  and  all  other  advantages. 

The  Southern  Railway  and  associated  lines  will  help  you  to  find  the  location  you  desire.  Our  several  publi¬ 
cations,  free  on  application,  will  tell  you  about  the  region  where  the  greatest  farm  opportunities  await  you. 

Address  M.  V.  RICHARDS,  Land  and  Industrial  Agent,  Southern  Railway 
1341  Pennsylvania  Ave.  .....  Washington,  D.  C. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


926 


Ruralisms 

Wrong  Spray  for  Peaches. 

A.  E.  P.,  Frcdonia,  Pa. — I  bought  and 
planted  some  Crawford  peach  trees  last 
Spring.  They  were  planted  in  the  potato 
field  and  did  well  until  about  a  month  ago, 
when  the  leaves  all  dropped  off.  New  ones 
started,  but  hardly  started  when  they,  too, 
went.  The  ends  of  the  branches  turned 
brown  and  shrunk.  They  were  sprayed  three 
times  with  the  Bordeaux  mixture  and  Paris 
green.  What  is  the  trouble? 

Ans. — I  think  this  a  clear  case  of  in¬ 
jury  of  the  foliage  by  spraying  with  the 
wrong  material.  Bordeaux  mixture 
and  Paris  green  are  both  very  injurious 
to  the  leaves  of  peach  trees  and  should 
never  be  applied  to  them.  There  is 
most  remarkable  ignorance  about  spray¬ 
ing,  for  many  persons  think  that  one 
mixture  is  as  good  as  another,  for  any 
sort  of  trouble  and  on  any  kind  of  tree 
or  plant.  They  think  and  act  on  this 
plan,  as  a  tyro  at  hunting  might  do  by 
taking  buckshot  to  kill  birds  or  bird 
shot  to  kill  deer,  and  hunting  at  any 
season  of  the  year  or  at  one  time  for 
all  kinds  of  game.  One  to  do  safe  and 
effective  spraying  must  know  how,  when 
and  what  to  use  in  the  way  of  spray 
mixtures  and  tools.  Had  A.  E.  P.  used 
self-boiled  lime-sulphur  and  arsenate  of 
lead  as  a  spray  mixture,  made  and  ap¬ 
plied  properly  to  his  peach  trees,  there 
would  have  been  no  trouble  and  there 
might  have  been  beneficial  results,  if 
there  was  need  of  it,  to  prevent  diseases 
and  insects.  h.  e.  van  deman. 

Trouble  With  Peach  Trees. 

L.  H.  W.,  Bloomsburg,  Pa.- — We  have  a 
peach  orchard  just  coming  into  bearing, 
three  and  four  years  old.  The  trees  were 
nice  and  thrifty  in  1910,  but  now  nearly 
half  of  them  are  dying  and  the  remainder 
are  affected.  The  trouble  is  that  the  bark- 
dies  on  one  side  next  the  ground  and  ou 
very  rank  growing  trees  it  runs  en¬ 
tirely  around  and  the  leaves  turn  yellow, 
gum  comes  out,  and  finally  they  die. 

Ans. — It  is  quite  clear  to  me  that  the 
exceedingly  rank  and  late  growth  in 
this  case  is  the  cause  of  the  trouble. 
The  ranker  and  the  later  the  growth  the 
more  danger  of  injury.  The  exceed¬ 
ingly  sappy  condition  of  the  trees  when 
the  last  Winter  set  in  was  abnormal,  and 
wood  was  not  well  ripened  and  in  pro¬ 
per  condition  to  endure  the  violent 
changes.  This  caused  bursting  of  the 
bark  at  the  base  of  some  of  the  trees 
and  the  injury  was  worse  when  the 
trees  were  the  sappiest,  in  some  cases 
extending  entirely  around  the  trunks. 
The  way  to  correct  this  evil  is  to  stop 
cultivation  the  last  of  July  and  sow  the 
land  to  oats,  rye  or  buckwheat,  or  all  of 
them  mixed,  and  thus  cause  a  stoppage 
of  the  rapid  growth.  This  will  add  hu¬ 
mus  to  the  soil  and  be  a  benefit  in  that 
Way,  tOO.  H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 

Transplanting  Wild  Trees  and  Shrubs. 

E.  D.  C.,  Litchfield,  Conn. — Will  you 
give  some  advice  as  to  transplanting  native 
trees  and  shrubs  from  the  field,  such  species 
as  Azaleas,  cornels,  Viburnums,  witch 
hazel,  and  the  common  trees?  I  under¬ 
stand  that  success  is  much  more  likely 
with  some  than  with  others,  and  I  should 
like  to  know  which  are  most  likely  to  do 
well. 

Ans. — The  difficulties  in  transplanting  I 
native  trees  and  shrubs  chiefly  arise 
from  the  selection  of  specimens  that  are 
too  large  and  too  firmly  rooted,  or 
from  neglecting  to  cut  back  the  top 
sufficiently  to  balance  the  lacerated 
roots.  Nursery  stock,  being  moved 
from  time  to  time,  is  likely  to  form  a 
compact  root  system,  while  the  roots 
of  wild  specimens  have  a  tendency  to 
wander  and  thus  are  more  likely  to  be 
injured  in  lifting.  Speaking  generally, 
the  deciduous  trees  and  shrubs  should 
be  dug  in  early  Spring,  but  the  wild 
Azalea  or  pinxter  flower  (Rhododen¬ 
dron  nudiflorum)  is  an  exception,  suf¬ 
fering  the  least  disturbance  if  trans¬ 
planted  when  in  full  bloom;  its  leaves 
do  not  unfold  until  bloom  is  past.  In  i 


every  case  dig  carefully  with  a  good 
ball  of  earth,  breaking  as  few  roots 
as  possible;  wrap  the  ball  in  burlap  or 
otherwise  prevent  drying  out ;  plant 
carefully  without  delay  with  a  mulch 
of  leaves  or  strawy  trash  over  the  sur¬ 
face,  and  cut  back  the  top  carefully,  but 
not  too  severely.  We  have  under  ob¬ 
servation  two  specimens  of  wild  all¬ 
spice  (Lindera  Benzoin),  transplanted 
from  the  woods  last  Spring;  one  small 
shrub  carefully  lifted  and  put  in  a 
slightly  shaded  place  is  doing  well, 
while  a  large  one  that  received  no  cut¬ 
ting  back  and  is  exposed  to  full  sun 
is  almost  entirely  dead.  An  adjacent 
Azalea  lifted  in  full  bloom  is  doing 
well.  Transplanted  cornels  seem  to  do 
very  well  if  ordinary  care  is  observed; 
the  Viburnums  coming  under  our  ob¬ 
servations  were  longer  in  recovering 
the  shock,  but  this  may  have  been 
due  to  local  conditions.  The  mistake 
is  often  made  of  taking  up  a  wild 
shrub  growing  in  rich  moist  soil,  and 
planting  in  a  sunny  lawn  where  the 
soil  is  thin  and  poor;  success  could 
hardly  be  expected.  Sassafras  seems 
very  difficult  to  transplant,  unless  a 
small  seedling.  Birch  often  gets  a 
serious  setback,  or  fails  to  survive  un¬ 
less  small.  Wild  conifers  are  often 
troublesome;  late  May  and  early  June 
is  the  best  time  for  them ;  in  addition 
to  care  in  keeping  the  roots  moist,  it  is 
well  to  spray  the  whole  plant  daily  if 
a  dry  spell  follows  planting,  a  mulch 
is  also  necessary.  With  proper  care 
there  are  many  transplanted  wildlings 
that  do  well ;  more  among  shrubs  than 
trees,  we  think,  because  the  planter  is 
likely  to  select  a  tree  that  may  be  too 
large  to  move  well  from  its  place  of 
germination,  whereas  the  nurseryman’s 
tree  of  the  same  size,  already  wonted 
to  transplanting,  will  bear  removal 
without  shock. 


Ornamental  Grapes. — I  cannot  under¬ 
stand  why  Mr.  Wakeman  made  no  mention  of 
Eldorado  grape  as  a  strong  grower,  as  It 
Is  the  strongest  I  know  of,  and  I  have 
grown  25  or  more  varieties.  The  quality 
of  fruit  is  also  of  the  very  highest,  accord¬ 
ing  to  my  taste,  superior  even  to  Delaware 
or  Vergennes.  The  latter  is  one  of  my 
favorites,  strong,  healthy,  prolific,  and  of 
high  quality,  and  loses  none  of  its  flavor 
by  long  hanging  on  vine  as  in  case  with 
Brighton.  Eldorado’s  blossoms  are  imper¬ 
fect.  and  it  is  subject  to  rot,  yet  it  should 
be  in  every  amateur’s  collection.  e.  p. 

Treating  Foul  Cistern. — If  F.  G.  It., 
Hinsdale,  Mass.,  will  put  a  quart  of  un¬ 
slacked  lime  in  his  cistern  it  may  improve 
the  water.  j.  l.  w. 

Clermont,  N.  Y. 


Built  ByAutomobile  Men 
diy  ThisEngine  1  5irei 


lT 


HE  standard  Perfection  kerosene  portable  farm  engine  is  built  by 
automobile  engineers  with  automobile  factory  machinery — it  is  built 
Y \  with  as  much  care  and  pains  as  engines  selling  at  three  times  its  price. 

\\  The  Perfection  can  be  operated  on  any  engine  fuel,  but  it  is  the  only  success- 

\\  ful  engine  that  can  be  economically  run  with  ordinary  kerosene.  With  gasoline 

M  »  prohibitively  priced  (from  6  to  16  cents  more  than  kerosene)  due  to  the  great  automobile 

K  demand,  you  will  at  once  see  the  big  saving  this  Perfection  engine  is  to  its  thousands  of 

■  users  in  all  parts  of  the  world.  Let  the  Perfection  do  your  chores  free  for  15  days  —  ask  your 
dealer  today  about  our  free  offer  or  write  to  us  direct  and  get  the  big  free  engine  book. 

Kerosene  Efficiency  Equal  to  Gasoline 

In  theory  and  practice,  this  engine  is  absolutely  correct  and  reliable — its  method  of  carburction  19  the  highest 
development  of  engine-building  skill.  The  Perfection  draws  the  kerosene  in  a  light  mist  through  the  carbu¬ 
retor,  discharges  it  into  the  cylinder  vaporized  and  having  the  same  energy  as  gaso¬ 
line.  Kerosene  will  start  in  a  cold  cylinder  and  works  fine  in  a  hot  one. 


Free  Information  Bureau 


If  you  aro  in  doubt  about  the  kind  of  engine  to 
buy,  or  the  quantity  of  power  you  require  for  the 


amount  of  work  done,  simply  writo  your  questions  on  a  post-card  and  mail  it  to  our 
Chief  Consulting  Engineer,  and  your  questions  will  bo  answered  absolutely  freo 
Our  staff  of.  mechanical,  marino  and  stationary  engineers  and  designers  will  toll 
you  everything  you  wish  to  know  about  any  engine  made.  Beforo  you  buy  any 
make  of  engine,  write  for  freo  information.  Let  our  engineers  tell  you  how  to 
make  a  cheap  transmission  lay-out  that  will  help  you  to  run  several  machines  at 
ono  time  with  a  single  engine.  Thcro  aro  no  leaks  in  the  lino  shaft  when  the 
Perfection  makes  the  power — you  got  all  energy.  Address  your  postal  like  this: 


221 


Chief  Consulting  Engineer, 

CAILLE  PERFECTION  MOTOR  COMPANY, 
Second  Avenue  Detroit,  Michigan 


No  Battery 


Farm 


WHEN  you  buy  the  old  reliable 
Sta-Rite  Gasoline  Engine,  you 
get  absolute  freedom  from  battery 
troubles  and  expense.  Because 
the  Sta-Rite  has  no  batteries. 

Ignition  is  furnished  by  the  mar¬ 
velous  Sta-Rite  Magneto  which 
is  built  right  in  to  and  is  mechan¬ 
ically  a  part  of  the  cylinder 

No  batteries  to  be  renewed 
and  no  loose  connections  to 
stop  the  engine. 


THE  Guaranteed 
S 


The  Sta-Rite  Magneto  has  one  wire 
only  and  throws  a  big  fat  spark  abso¬ 
lutely  regardless  of  speed  of  engine.  And 
you’ll  get  the  same  kind  of  spark  in  five 
years  that  you  do  the  first  day  All  the 
Sta-Rite  Engines  (except  the  1*4  and  3V6 
horse  power  sues)  are  now  equipped  with 
the  Sta-Rite  Magneto  ignition  and  yet 
prices  remain  the  same.  Full  particulars 
sent  for  the  asking  if  you  mention  this  paper 


Sta,-Rite  is  un- 
questionably  the  simplest  ( 
and  strongest  farm  engine  in 

America  Neat  in  design  and  strictly  hlgh-'^^^'  grade  thru- 
out  Always  runs  smoothly  Carries  its  load  without  a  murmur 

Fully  Guaranteed.  Stays  Right,  Year  After  Year 
Because  it  is  Made  Right 

—  because  we  positively  will  not  build 
a  cheap  "bargain”  engine 
I.  ,our  dealer  cannot  supply  you. 
write  for  illustrated  folder  show¬ 
ing  the  complete  Sta-Rite  Line. 


Sta-Rite 
Engine  Co. 

La  Crosse,  Wis. 


Arrow  points  to 
Sta-Rite  Magneto 


QC  and  you  keep  this 
*  ”  great  GRINDER 


2_ 

■■1  Yes,  you  keep  the  won¬ 

derful  Harman  Farm  Tool  Grinder — 
ten  machines  in  one — for  S2.95  and  pay  the  rest  in  the 
easiest  monthly  payments.  Send 
postcard  for  our  free  book,“The 
Farm  Machine  Shop.”  and  full  partic¬ 
ulars  of  Free  Trial  Offer.  Learn  how 
much  money,  time  and  labor  you  will 
save;  how  you  can  nharpen  all  kinds 
of  tools  if  you  own  this  machine. 
Learn  about  the  wonderful  Alectride 
grinding  wheels. 

Free  Trial 

free  trial;  no  money  down.  After  the 
free  trial,  keep  the  machine  or  send  it 
back,  just  aa  you  choose.  No  obliga¬ 
tion  to  buy.  Send  postcard  today  for 
our  valuable  free  book,  “The  Farm 
Machine  Shop,”  and  details  of  our  free 
trial  —  easy  payment  offer.  Writo  a 
card  today  —  NOW. 

W.  S.  HARMAN  COMPANY 
Dept.  4296>  160  Harrison  Street,  Chicago,  III. 


postal 


DIGS  ALL  THE  POTATOES 

without  rutting  them— just  enough  adjustment  to  meet 
your  conditions  without  carrying  too  much  soil.^  Saves 
enough  more  potatoes,  even  in  small  acreage  to  pay  for 
machine  in  short  time.  Perfect  separation.  Is  as  fight 
draft  08  any  digger  can  be.  No  neck  weight.  Two  styles 
made  Prices  $75.00  to  $105.00.  No.  150  is  the  lighter 
machine,  built  on  strong  but  very  simple  lines— a  great 
favorite  with  growers.  Separate  bearings,  easily  removed 
aud  cheaply  replaced.  Operates  entirely  from  the  seat. 

POT  A  TO 

_ t _ DIGGERS 

pqfc  experiments— years  of  actual  use  in  all  sorts  of 
conditions  nave  proved  their  worth.  Write  to  day  for 
Anniversary  Catalog— complete  line  of  potato  machin¬ 
ery,  garden  wheel  hoes  and  drills,  orchard  tools.etc. 


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AMONG  the  145  styles  and  sizes  of  “Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Fence  shown  in  our  new  catalogue,  the  fence  user  can  now 
/-X  obtain  fencing  perfectly  suited  to  his  particular  requirements.  “Pittsburgh  Perfect”  is  the  most  adaptable, 
*  portable,  durable  and  resultful  of  all  wire  fences,  and  gives  absolute  satisfaction  because,  coupled  with  our  ripened 
manufacturing  experience,  it  is  the  culmination  of  close  and  exhaustive  study  and  investigation  of  farmers*  needs  along 
lines  of  up-to-date  agricultural  methods  and  equipment. 

Open  Hearth  Wire,  like  old  time  iron  wire,  is  used  exclusively  in  "Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Fence,  and  is  galvanized  with  a  thorough 
aud  even  coating  of  pure  ziuc,  which  resists  rust  for  the  longest  time.  All  line  and  stay  wires  are  ELECTRICALLY  'WELDED 
at  every  contact  point,  producing  a  perfect  amalgamation  of  metals,  and  doubling  the  strength  of  the  fence  at  the  joints.  This  feature 
is  found  only  in  “Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Fence,  and  makes  it  unequaled  for  toughness,  strength,  and  economy  in  weight  and  price. 

P fiprv  Rnrl  Cliinrnnfpori  Pprfppf  OUR  NEW  CATALOGUE  contains  valuable  information  about  wire  fencing. 

A\UU  yJUCll  unic^U  rer/eu  an(j  illustrates  styles  and  sizes  adapted  to  every  FIELD,  FARM,  RANCH 
LAWN  and  POULTRY  purpose.  Write  for  it  now ,  and  then  look  up  the  best  dealer  in  your  town — he  bandies  “Pittsburgh 
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1 


MANUFACTURERS  OF—  ” Pittsburgh  Perfect * 
Wire,  Fence  Staples,  Standard  Wire  Nails,  and  1 


Brands  of  Barbed  Wire,  Bright,  Annealed  and  Galvanized 
* Pittsburgh  Perfect  ”  Fencing,  all  made  of  Open  Hearth  material 


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026 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


September  16, 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Home* 

Established  tsso 

Published  weakly  by  the  Rural  Publishing:  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 
Herbert  W.  Cotxnrewoon,  President  and  Editor. 

Jonv  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

V'm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  ,  Mrs.  E.  T.  Royle,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  g2.(H.  equal  to  8s.  6d.,  or 
marks,  or  I0}£  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  tons  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  pood  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trustinp  any  deliberate  swindler  advertisinp  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  ropues,  but  we  do  not  puarantee  to  adjust  t’-iflinp  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  bo 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  i  mentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  ^cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

Those  articles  on  “The  Land  of  Heart’s  Delight” 
have  stirred  up  considerable  ink  from  Texas  people. 
Comment  thus  far  is  about  equally  divided  between 
those  who  say  “A  Victim”  stated  just  their  experi¬ 
ence,  and  those  who  say  he  is  wrong.  *  The  latter  do 
not  attempt  to  deny  that  the  story  is  true.  We  printed 
that  article  because  it  was  an  exact  statement  of  what 
happened  to  a  man  of  middle  years.  It  is  neither 
the  cursing  of  a  “kicker”  nor  the  airy  “guff”  of  a 
loud  boomer,  but  just  about  what  the  average  home- 
seeker  may  expect.  Many  people  seem  unable  to 
grasp  the  idea  that  we  do  not  try  to  “boom”  any 
section  or  to  injure  it.  We  try  to  get  the  truth.  Is 
it  possible  that  quality  has  become  so  rare  in  farm 
journalism  ? 

* 

There  are  a  good  many  back-to-the-landers  on  our 
subscription  list.  Many  of  them  started  out  in  the 
Spring  with  high  hopes.  Now  we  are  coining  close 
to  the  season  when  Nature  settles  up  with  us.  It  is 
wonderful  how  many  chickens  have  died,  how  small 
the  potatoes  are,  and  how  the  other  crops  refuse  to 
come  up  to  expectations.  We  all  have  our  disap¬ 
pointments  in  this  line.  Every  famous  farmer  could, 
if  he  would  be  honest,  tell  of  dismal  failures  or  mis¬ 
takes  in  the  first  years  of  his  work.  You  must  know 
by  this  time  that  farming  is  no  pleasant  walk  along 
the  road  under  shady  trees.  Yet  do  not  on  the 
other  hand  conclude  that  it  is  a  long  treadmill  with 
a  hard  master  swinging  the  whip.  It  is  neither  one. 
Some  people  have  no  business  to  go  to  the  country 
to  live.  They  cannot  be  happy  there.  Others  ought 
to 'go  there,  for  they  have  the  patience  to  hang  on  and 
endure. 

* 

William  A.  Shepherdson,  a  farmer  of  Norwich,  N. 
Y.,  represents  Chenango  Countv  in  the  Legislature. 
Some  of  our  readers  wrote  asking  how  he  stood  on 
the  Collin  bill  for  regulating  commission  men.  Mr. 
Shepherdson  does  not  seem  to  know.  He  says  lie 
wants  to  help  the  farmers  and  still  take  care  of  the 
dealers.  As  for  the  Collin  bill,  he  does  not  seem  to 
know  much  about  it  and  does  not  remember  whether 
he  voted  for  it  or  not,  but  his  “impression”  is  that 
lie  voted  “yes !”  The  record  shows  that  Mr.  Shep¬ 
herdson  did  not  vote  at  all !  One  would  expect  a 
good  shepherd  to  stay  by  his  flock,  or  at  least  know 
whether  he  went  to  sleep  or  went  visiting  when  the 
dogs  broke  into  the  pasture.  Very  likely  Chenango 
County  farmers  can  tie  this  gentleman  to  his  post, 
hut  what  they  need  is  a  man  who  does  not  require 
hitching. 

* 

Go  through  the  dairy  sections  at  this  season  and 
you  will  hear  the  roar  and  shriek  of  the  silage  cutter. 
The  shower  of  cut  stalks  goes  steadily  pouring  into 
the  silo.  Starting  25  years  ago  with  a  few  crude 
siloes  and  foul-smelling  stuff  the  system  has  grown 
until  the  silo  is  a  legitimate  barn  pasture.  Wipe  out 
the  siloes  and  the  dairy  business  would  co  to  pieces. 
In  a  few  sections  silage  has  become  a  marketable 
product — bought  and  sold  like  hav  or  grain.  It  is  also 
used  in  a  few  places  as  a  partial  substitute  for  fine 
manure  in  making  hotbeds.  Take  it  all  through, 
silage  is  great  property,  and  a  farmer  can  well  feel 
satisfied  when  the  last  load  is  blown  into  the  silo. 
Now  we  hear  of  a  substitute  for  silage — sprouted  oats  ! 
Many  are  familiar  with  this  as  “green  stuff”  for  liens. 
We  understand  that  plans  are  working  out  for  sprout¬ 
ing  oats  on  a  large  scale  for  use  in  dairies. 


We  have  told  how  fruit-growing  sections  in  the 
West  proceed  to  advertise  their  goods.  One  day  last 
year  a  great  delegation  from  Watsonville,  Cal.,  went 
to  San  Francisco  and  marched  about  and  held  meet¬ 
ings — giving  away  apples  and  singing  and  talking  for 
that  fruit.  We  are  glad  to  see  such  methods  start  in 
the  East.  The  Ontario  County  (N.  Y.)  Fruit  Grow¬ 
ers’  Association  will  start  things  at  the  New  York 
State  Fair.  During  the  forenoon  of  September  13  an 
Ontario  County  apple  will  be  given  to  every  person 
who  visits  the  exhibit.  The  Association  will  take 
direct  orders  for  boxes  or  barrels  of  fruit  to  be 
delivered  in  the  Fall — all  guaranteed  for  quality. 
Here  we  have  the  beginning  of  a  great  direct  busi¬ 
ness.  Put  us  on  record  as  saying  that  when  any  fruit 
growing  section  of  the  East  gets  ready  to  guarantee 
its  fruit,  spend  some  money  in  advertising  and  sell  at 
fair  prices  the  consumer’s  dollar  will  come.  The 
Ontario  County  people  might  well  go  further  and 
have  some  good  cook  with  a  stove  turning  out  fried 
pies,  turnovers  and  tarts  while  you  wait.  Seriously, 
there  is  a  chance  for  some  one  to  make  himself 
famous  and  get  rid  of  his  apples,  for  most  fair 
grounds’  food  is  poor  stuff. 

* 

Twenty-five  years  ago  a  few  far-sighted  men  in¬ 
duced  Congress  to  provide  for  agricultural  experi¬ 
ment  stations.  It  is  doubtful  if  any  of  them  were 
long-headed  enough  to  imagine  that  one  of  these 
stations  would  ever  issue  a  long  and  scientific  bulletin 
on  ice  cream.  The  Vermont  Station  has  done  this 
very  thing  in  Bulletin  155,  and  it  will  rank  as  one 
of  the  most  interesting  and  useful  publications  of  all 
the  stations.  You  probably  do  not  realize  it,  but  the 
ice  cream  trade  is  revolutionizing  dairying  in  many 
places.  The  American  consumer  pays  $150,000,000 
every  year  for  ice  cream,  and  the  demand  has  grown 
so  that  the  entire  product  of  many  creameries  has 
been  taken  from  butter  making  and  sold  to  make  ice 
cream.  In  some  cases  the  ice  cream  is  made  right  at 
the  creamery  and  sold  as  such.  The  comparative 
profits  are  figured  about  as  follows :  Take  100  pounds 
of  cream,  testing  18  per  cent.  fat.  This  will  make 
about  21  pounds  of  butter  worth  about  $5.90.  The 
same  cream  when  properly  mixed  and  frozen  will 
“swell”  to  20  gallons,  which  at  80  cents,  means  $16 
or  $15,  deducting  the  cost  of  sugar.  As  butter  the  fat 
brings  33  cents  a  pound,  as  ice  cream  83  cents.  Quite 
a  margin,  you  see,  and  thus  far  a  few  large  manufac¬ 
turers  have  bought  the  cream  and  worked  this  margin 
into  their  own  pockets.  There  is  little  reason  why 
some  of  this  ice  cream  should  not  be  made  right 
where  the  cream  is  separated.  This  bulletin  tells 
exhaustively  how  it  may  be  done,  and  does  the  job 
so  well  that  it  is  deserving  of  high  praise.  Many 
interesting  things  are  stated.  For  example,  melted 
ice  cream  is  mixed  with  a  little  skim-milk,  soured 
and  churned  into  butter!  We  also  learn  that  “homo¬ 
genized  cream”  is  a  new  proposition.  It  is  subjected 
to  a  pressure  of  3,000  to  5,000  pounds  per  square  ii\ch. 
This  so  breaks  up  the  fat  globules  as  to  prevent  all 
cream  from  rising,  the  separator  cannot  get  all  the 
cream  and  it  cannot  be  churned.  It  is  possible  with 
this  process  to  make  a  fake  milk  or  cream  of  any 
grade  by  reuniting  unsalted  butter  and  skim-milk! 
The  ice  cream  trade  is  having  a  great  influence  upon 
the  dairy  business.  It  ranks  in  importance  ahead  of 
cheese  and  only  second  to  butter.  As  it  grows  it  is 
sure  to  influence  the  price  of  milk  for  butter  making, 
and  thus  for  the  whole  milk  supply. 

* 

One  of  the  most  foolish  reasons  for  buying  land 
is  the  argument  of  the  travelling  car.  Such  a  car 
comes  rolling  into  a  northern  town,  and  the  local 
papers  invite  people  to  view  it.  There  are  photo¬ 
graphs  of  wonderful  plants  and  actual  specimens  of 
fruits,  grain  and  vegetables  that  are  wonders  to  look 
upon.  The  visitors  are  told  by  an  eloquent  orator 
that  those  specimens  were  grown  on  ordinary  land 
in  his  sunny  and  glorious  country.  You  might  not 
believe  it,  hut  thousands  of  people  actually  buy  and 
pay  for  land  on  the  strength  of  this  “hot  air”  and 
these  “specimens.”  Now  consider  what  this  means. 
Right  where  you  live  there  is  some  good  land,  well 
fanned,  which  could  not  he  bought  at  any  low  figure. 
There  is  also  a  lot  of  thin  poor  soil,  badly  located 
and  neglected.  You  could  hardly  give  it  away.  Sup¬ 
pose  some  one  took  the  best  land  in  your  section, 
fertilized  it  without  regard  to  cost  and  cultivated 
it  like  a  garden.  Then  suppose  he  selected  the  very 
cream  of  his  crop,  put  it  in  a  car  and  started  off  to 
sell  land.  He  could  hire  some  'hot  air”  artist  to 
tell  the  story,  and  show  his  wonderful  specimens. 
But  the  land  he  had  for  sale  would  he  the  thin,  neg¬ 
lected  soil,  which  every  sensible  native  let  alone. 
Suppose  some  sucker  500  miles  away  bought  such 
land  on  the  strength  of  what  was  in  that  car!  You 


can  easily  see  the  reverse  side  of  such  a  case.  Now 
when  the  travelling  car  comes  rolling  into  your  town 
put  yourself  in  the  other  sucker’s  place.  You  might 
far  better  spend  your  money  on  drain  tiles  for  your 
own  piece  of  land. 

* 

It  looks  as  if  all  kinds  of  animals  have  among 
them  a  Judas  who  will  betray  them  to  the  enemy.  At 
the  stock  yards  you  will  find  a  steer  or  a  sheep  or 
goat  trained  to  lead  its  comrades  up  to  the  slaughter 
pen.  This  four-footed  Judas  leads  the  crowd  into  the 
fatal  passage  and  then  dodges  out  at  one  side  after 
his  reward  of  food.  Near  New  South  Wales  fishermen 
depend  on  what  are  known  as  “killer”  whales  to  help 
them.  These  “killers”  surround  the  larger  oil  whales 
and  drive  them  to  shore,  where  fishermen  kill  them. 
As  a  reward  the  tongue  of  the  whale  is  cut  out  and 
thrown  to  the  “killers.”  Running  all  through  nature 
is  this  singular  and  cruel  trait  of  betraying  one’s 
kind.  Among  humans  we  have  an  illustration  of  this 
in  the  “prominent  citizen,”  who  goes  around  urging 
his  neighbors  to  come  into  some  business  deal  or 
investment  which  lie  knows  is  crooked.  These  men 
are  paid  to  betray  their  neighbors.  They  play  the 
part  of  Judas,  and  should  he  ranked  with  the  “killer” 
whales.  They  are  worse  than  the  fish  because  they 
foster  confidence  and  then  kill  it. 

* 

While  an  obligation  rests  upon  both  political  parties 
to  -carry  out  platform  pledges,  this  obligation  rests  pri¬ 
marily  upon  the  political  majority ;  that  is  to  say,  upon 
the  Democratic  members  of  the  Legislature.  They  stand 
duly  bound  to  enact  such  a  measure  as  will  satisfactorily 
meet  the  demands  of  public  sentiment,  and  give  oppor¬ 
tunity  to  test  the  principle  of  direct  nomination  in 
actual  practice. 

That  is  what  Governor  Dix  says  to  the  Legislature 
as  it  comes  back  to  Albany  for  the  next  session. 
Both  political  parties  promised  to  give  the  people 
direct  nominations.  Probably  neither  of  them  ex¬ 
pected  to  do  anything.  The  Republicans  expected  to 
lose  the  Assembly,  hut  to  hold  the  Senate.  With 
each  party  controlling  one  branch  of  the  Legislature 
they  would  be  in  position  to  point  a  finger  and  say: 
“I  wanted  to  but  the  other  fellow  stopped  me!”  When 
in  full  control  the  Republicans  failed  to  give  us  the 
law  we  need.  It  is  now  up  to  the  Democrats !  We 
do  not  believe  the  politicians  in  either  party  will  ever 
willingly  permit  the  people  to  select  their  own  candi¬ 
dates.  What  an  opportunity  the  Democratic  party 
has !  But  do  you  suppose  the  wire  pullers  and  graft¬ 
ers  intend  to  let  the  situation  get  away  from  them? 

* 

The  following  is  a  fair  sample  of  what  the  daily 
papers  are  constantly  printing: 

BILL  TO  AID  THE  FARMERS. 

Bankers  Want  Vocational  Education— Will  Increase  Products. 

Chicago,  Aug.  30. — Vocational  education  for  the  farm¬ 
ers  at  the  expense  of  the  National  Government  is  a  plan 
which  the  Illinois  Bankers’  Association  probably  will  ask 
the  next  session  of  Congress  to  enact  into  a  law.  The 
proposed  legislation  would  increase  materially  the  agricul¬ 
tural  products  of  all  States,  according  to  the  bankers. 

It  simply  beats  all  how  interested  the  hankers,  the 
railroad  men  and  the  bondholders  are  in  the  farmers. 
“Vocational  education”  is  good.  Suppose  such  educa¬ 
tion  did  increase  or  double  the  agricultural  products. 
The  farmer  now  averages  35  cents  of  the  consumer’s 
dollar.  With  “vocational  education”  he  would  get  70 
cents  of  two  dollars..  The  handlers,  instead  of  getting 
65  cents,  would  get  $1.30!  The  railroad  men  and 
others  would  still  get  their  share,  while  it  would  all 
go  sooner  or  later  to  the  bankers  and  the  bond  holders. 
If  you  want  to  increase  “agricultural  products”  let 
the  farmer  receive  50  per  cent  of  the  consumer’s  dol¬ 
lar.  You  will  need  no  other  “vocational  education.” 
Those  gentlemen  make  us  think  of  the  ants  and  the 
plant-lice.  The  latter  work  on  the  foliage  of  trees 
and  secrete  a  sweet  substance,  known  as  honey-dew. 
The  ants  are  very  fond  of  it,  and  they  keep  the  plant- 
lice  steadily  at  work.  These  “vocational”  gentlemen 
would  like  to  play  ant  and  have  the  farmer  continue 
his  useful  occupation  of  producing  money  due — to 
them ! 

BREVITIES. 

A  "real  nice  man”  has  his  place,  but  it  is  not  at  Albany 
representing  farmers.  The  commission  men  will  quickly 
eat  him  up. 

Yes,  sir,  the  chances  are  that  right  where  you  have 
always  lived  is  the  best  place  for  you  to  invest  your 
energy  and  your  capital. 

We  hope  you  have  a  fair  supply  of  fresh  eggs  packed 
away  iu  water-glass.  Use  them  for  the  home  supply,  but 
do  not  try  to  sell  them  without  telling  just  what  they  are. 

You  will  see  that  on  page  927  a  baker  comes  forward  to 
describe  a  day’s  work  at  his  job.  The  farmers  have  been 
telling  us  of  their  long  hours,  but  this  man  of  bread  has 
little  time  to  play  baseball  or  visit.  Well,  we  want  the 
human  side  of  a  day’s  work,  and  we  are  getting  it  right 
along. 


1911. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


927 


OTHER  PEOPLE'S  MONEY. 
Trying  to  Swipe  the  Proceeds. 

When  the  old  U.  S.  Bank  was  closed 
by  a  receiver  E.  G.  Lewis  got  hold  of 
the  stock  held  by  his  dupes  and  got 
about  $1,500,000  of  the  assets  of  the 
bank.  He  gave  the  dupes  trustee  notes 
and  stock  of  the  Lewis  Pub.  Co.  in 
exchange,  and  seven  years  after  these 
people  are  now  trying  to  get  their 
money  on  these  worthless  papers.  Now 
Lewis  is  trying  to  turn  the  same  trick 
on  these  and  other  victims  of  his 
numerous  schemes,  with  the  receivership 
recently  appointed  for  all  his  concerns. 
He  worked  the  trustee  note  scheme 
through  Harry  L.  Cramer.  He  is  trying 
to  work  this  scheme  through  John  H. 
Williams. 

Here  is  the  decree  of  the  U.  S.  Court 
by  Judges  Dyer  and  McPherson : 

It  is  further  ordered,  adjudged  and  de¬ 
creed  that  each  of  the  said  named  corpora¬ 
tions  [The  University  Heights  Realty  & 
Development  Co.,  People’s  Savings  Trust 
Co.,  U.  S.  Fibre  Stopper  Co.,  Development 
&  Investment  Co.  and  the  Lewis  Publishing 
Co.],  their  agents,  attorneys,  trustees,  em¬ 
ployees  and  representatives,  and  each  of  the 
said  defendants,  Edward  G.  Lewis,  Edward 
G.  Lewis,  trustee ;  L.  B.  Tebbetts,  John  W. 
Lewis,  Mrs.  Mabel  G.  Lewis  and  John  H. 
Williams,  their  agents,  trustees,  employees, 
servants  and  representatives  and  attorneys, 
are  hereby  commanded  to  turn  over  and  de¬ 
liver  forthwith  to  the  receiver  of  this 
court  any  and  all  books  and  accounts,  notes, 
mortgages,  deeds  of  trust,  papers,  choses 
in  action,  monies,  checks,  drafts,  and  all 
evidences  of  debt  owned,  held  possessed  or 
controlled  by  said  defendants  or  either  of 
them  named  in  this  decree,  and  in  any  way 
pertaining  to  or  belonging  to  any  of  said 
corporations,  or  either  of  said  defendants 
named  in  this  decree. 

It  is  further  ordered,  adjudged  and  de¬ 
creed  that  the  said  defendants,  the  Uni¬ 
versity  Heights  Realty  and  Development 
Company,  the  People’s  Savings  Trust  Com¬ 
pany,  the  Development  and  Investment 
Company,  the  Lewis  Publishing  Company, 
the  United  States  Fibre  Stopper  Company, 
the  People’s  Savings  Trust  Company,  trus¬ 
tee  ;  E.  G.  Lewis,  E.  G.  Lewis,  trustee ; 
Lewis  B.  Tebbetts.  John  W.  Lewis,  Mrs. 
Mabel  G.  Lewis,  John  IT.  Williams,  their 
agents,  trustees,  attorneys,  servants,  em¬ 
ployees  and  representatives,  be  and  are 
hereby  enjoined  and  restrained  from  dis¬ 
posing  of  any  of  the  property,  monies, 
papers,  effects,  or  intermeddling  with  same, 
of  any  kind  or  description,  or  in  any  way 
interfering  with  the  possession  of  the  re¬ 
ceiver  of  this  court  or  preventing  it  from 
discharging  its  duty. 

In  another  part  of  the  decree  all  real 
estate  and  property  of  every  kind 
wherever  located  was  ordered  to  be 
deeded  over  to  the  receiver  by  the  above 
defendants. 

We  said  that  decree  wiped  out  Wil¬ 
liams  and  restrained  him  and  Lewis.. 
We,  of  course,  referred  to  the  assets  and 
any  possible  real  service  to  the  creditors. 
Lewis  says  it  is  a  lie.  There  is  the 
decree  word  for  word.  Decide  for  your¬ 
self.  As  usual  in  his  frantic  rage  at 
The  R.  N.-Y.,  for  showing  up  his 
schemes,  he  proves  his  real  purpose. 
While  he  controlled  the  assets  Lewis 
put  up  the  pretense  that  he  was  using 
them  for  the  benefit  of  creditors,  but 
now  that  the  assets  are  out  of  his  hands 
and  he  and  his  agents  are  restrained 
from  interfering  with  them  in  any  way 
he  proves  what  we  said  from  the  start, 
that  his  reorganization  scheme  was  only 
another  link  in  the  endless  chain  of 
fraud  by  which  he.  hopes  to  control 
the  evidences  of  debt  and  fraud  against 
him,  and  by  which  he  now  expects  to 
get  and  keep  the  money  coming  from 
the  receiver  just  as  he  did  in  the  de¬ 
funct  bank  case. 

Let  every  creditor  understand  this: 
Claud  D.  Hall  and  his  associate,  Judge 
King,  are  the  atttorneys  of  all  the  cred¬ 
itors,  in  this  receivership  action.  They 
represent  all  the  creditors,  and  it  is  their 
duty  to  see  that  all  the  claims  are  pro¬ 
tected.  For  this  service  the  court  makes 
them  an  allowance,  and  this  comes  out 
of  the  proceeds  before  it  is  distributed 
to  creditors.  Hence  it  is  useless  for  the 
creditors  to  pay  other  attorneys  per¬ 
sonally  when  their  interests  are  already 
looked  after  and  paid  for.  For  this 
reason  we  have  advised  creditors  to 
send  their  claim  to  Mr.  Hall  direct 
or  through  us.  Those  who  do  so  get 
their  proceeds  in  full.  Those  who  em¬ 
ploy  other  attorneys  will  get  their  divi¬ 
dends  less  attorneys’  fees. 

Under  the  reorganization  agreement 
there  is  no  limit  to  what  Williams  and 
Lewis  may  charge  for  their  own  and 
their  attorneys’  services. 

By  endorsing  the  papers  over  to  the 
reorganization  the  depositors  have  trans¬ 
ferred  their  title  to  the  papers  and  the 
reorganization  committee  may  keep  the 
proceeds  for  five  years  and  charge  attor¬ 
neys’  fees,  etc.,  during  that  time  and  at 
the  end  of  five  years  give  back  to  the 
depositor  whatever  the  committee  sees 
fit  in  the  way  of  a  certificate  of  stock  or 
Other  piece  of  paper. 

If  the  papers  are  recalled  by  sending 
an  order  for  them  To  Mr.  Hall,  the 


creditor  will  get  the  whole  of  the  divi¬ 
dend  as  soon  as  it  is  paid  by  the  re¬ 
ceiver.  Do  you  want  what  is  due  you 
direct  from  the  receiver*  or  would  you 
prefer  to  pay  attorneys’  fees  and  wait 
five  years  and  then  take  any  old  note  or 
certificate  offered  you? 

We  do  not  believe  a  single  person  who 
understands  the  terms  of  the  reorganiza¬ 
tion  would  permit  his  papers  to  remain 
with  that  committee  a  single  minute. 
Don’t  go  by  us.  Take  this  reorganiza¬ 
tion  agreement  to  a  local  attorney  and 
consult  him.  The  reorganization  ob¬ 
tained  many  of  the  securities  by  means 
of  fraudulent  representations  of  Lewis, 
and  without  consideration.  An  order  to 
return  them  through  Mr.  Hall  is  all  that 
is  required  to  secure  their  return.  In 
order  to  get  your  money  it  is  necessary 
for  you  to  prove  your  claim  in  these 
various  cases.  The  attorney  for  the  com¬ 
plainants,  Mr.  Hall,  can  look  after  this', 
and  you  get  your  money  promptly  when 
paid,  by  the  receiver  without  fees.  If 
Lewis  and  Williams  were  honest  with 
creditors  they  would  tell  them  so.  In 
holding  on  to  the  securities  after  the 
assets  have  passed  out  of  their  hands, 
and  they  are  enjoined  from  interference 
of  any  kind,  they  clearly  show  their 
selfish  intentions  to  get  hold  of  the 
money  that  ought  to  go  direct  to  the 
creditors.  The  trick  worked  beautifully 
seven  years  ago.  The  creditors  have 
received  nothing  since.  If  they  leave 
these  securities  with  Lewis  now,  in 
seven  years  more  they  will  probably  have 
another  scheme  to  keep  them  out  of 
their  money.  * 

™n.,.  man  take  a  knave’s  advice. 

But  idiots  only  are  cozen’d  twice. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC.— At  a  meeting  at  Williams 
Grove,  Pa.,  August  30,  of  the  Interstate 
Grangers,  resolutions  were  adopted  indors¬ 
ing  the  Lewis  bill  providing  for  the  govern¬ 
ment  to  buy  up  and  eliminate  all  express 
companies  doing  business  in  this  country. 

Federal  officers  have  been  investigating 
the  Lehigh  Valley  train  wreck  of  August 
25  near  Manchester,  N.  Y..  in  which  29 
persons  were  killed  and  many  injured.  Le¬ 
high  claim  attorneys  state  that  the  disaster 
would  probably  cost  the  company  almost 
$750,000. 

Sigmund  H.  Rosenblatt,  Moses  H.  Rosen¬ 
blatt  and  Max  Hesslein,  doing  business 
under  the  firm  name  of  Sigmund  H.  Rosen¬ 
blatt  &  Co.,  are  the  plaintiffs  in  an  action 
against  James  Phillips,  Jr.,  and  Walter  G. 
Newman  for  $500,000,  according  to  a  notice 
filed  in  the  Nassau  County  Clerk’s  oflioo  at 
Mineola,  L.  I„  August  30.  Phillips  is  presi¬ 
dent  of  the  Nevada  Consolidated  Company, 
vice-president  of  the  Tennesse  Copper  Com¬ 
pany  and  a  director  of  the  Boston  and 
Montana  Copper  Company.  Newman  is 
president  of  the  Union  Copper  Mines  Com¬ 
pany  of  North  Carolina.  The  papers  say 
that  the  plaintiffs  invested  largely  in  the 
stock  of  the  Union  Copper  mine,  buying 
it  from  Phillips  and  Newman  on  their  rep¬ 
resentation  that  the  mine  was  paying  well. 
After  they  got  possession  of  the  stock,  they 
allege,  they  found  that  the  property  was  not 
what  it  was  represented  to  be. 

The  slag  pile  of  the  Argo  smelter,  Den¬ 
ver,  Col.,  built  in  the  early  days  by  the  late 
United  States  Senator  Hill,  was  recently 
sold  for  $30,000.  The  buyers  quarreled 
and  it  was  testified  in  court  that  the 
smelters  are  paying  $5  to  $10  a  ton  for 
the  slag.  Several  witnesses  testified  that 
the  100,000  tons  of  slag  is  worth  $1,000,000. 
The  Argo  smelter,  long  since  abandoned  by 
Senator  Hill’s  heirs,  was  profitable,  but 
the  ancient  process  it  used  in  reducing  ores 
failed  to  recover  the  values.  The  slag  pile 
contains  gold,  silver  and  copper. 

Laurens  D.  Prior,  the  president  of  the 
Greenwich  Cold  Storage  Company,  the  first 
company  to  be  prosecuted  under  the  Bren¬ 
nan  bill,  waived  examination  in  the  Tombs 
police  court,  New  York,  August  3,  both  for 
himself,  prosecuted  as  an  individual,  and 
for  the  corporation,  prosecuted  as  such. 
Inspectors  Roche  and  Scharff  of  the  State 
Board  of  Health,  submitted  affidavits  that 
on  August  19  they  visited  the  Greenwich 
cold  storage  house  at  402  Greenwich  street, 
and  there  found  56  barrels  of  sardines 
which  did  not  have  the  date  of  receipt  on 
them.  They  warned  Prior,  as  to  the  law  in 
this  regard,  the  affidavit  states,  and  re¬ 
turned  three  days  later.  The  sardines  were 
still  unmarked.  Tw*b  days  later,  when  they 
went  back  again,  they  found  the  sardines 
had  been  sent  to  another  cold  storage 
house,  they  said.  Thomas  A.  Brennan,  the 
Assemblyman  who  fathered  the  new  bill, 
was  in  court  acting  as  a  Special  Assistant 
Attorney  General. 

Attorney  General  Carmody  of  New  York 
has  advised  the  State  Tax  Commission  that 
moneys  on  deposit  in  postal  savings  banks 
are  subject  to  taxation.  In  an  opinion  on 
this  question  the  Attorney  General  says  that 
while  it  may  well  be  urged  that  the  same 
consideration  which  prompted  the  Legisla¬ 
ture  by  the  enactment  of  the  provision  to 
exempt  savings  bank  deposits  from  tax,  ap¬ 
plies  with  equal  force  to  deposits  in  postal 
sayings  banks,  he  is  nevertheless  of  the 
opinion  that  it  does  not  extend  or  apply  to 
this  character  of  deposits.  The  Attorney 
General  says  further  that  the  State  tax 
law.  which  exempts  from  taxation  the  de¬ 
posits  in  any  bank  for  savings  which  are 
due  depositors,  was  intended  to  apply  only 
to  savings  banks  as  they  were  provided  for 
in  the  State  banking  law. 

The  motor  car  will  be  sidetracked  in 
favor  of  the  Missouri  mule  on  the  occasion 
of  President  Taft’s  visit  to  the  State  fair 
at  Sedalia  on  September  30.  It  is  pro¬ 
posed  to  have  the  President  taken  about  the 
fair  grounds  in  a  carriage  drawn  by  eight 
of  the  finest  mules  to  be  found  in  Missouri. 


All  other  vehicles  in  the  procession  are 
also  to  l)e  drawn  by  mules.  Missouri  claims 
to  be  the  home  of  the  best  mules  on  earth. 

There  is  a  serious  outbreak  of  typhoid 
fever  in  New  York  City.  Dr.  Allen  and  the 
Bureau  of  Municipal  Research  hold  that  the 
typhoid  epidemic  is  duo  to  lax  milk  inspec¬ 
tion  by  the  Board  of  Health  staff,  and  it 
was  stated  that  reports  show  that  more 
inspections  have  been  made  in  the  months 
of  October,  November  and  December  than  in 
July,  August  and  September,  the  hot  Sum¬ 
mer  months.  Last  year  there  were  2.000 
fewer  inspections  in  che  latter  months  than 
in  the  former,  it  was  stated.  The  number 
of  typhoid  cases  in  the  first  week  in  August 
this  year  wei'e  more  than  double  those  in 
previous  years. 

Starvation  awaits  the  community  of  400 
natives  on  the  desolate  shore  of  Baffin 
Land  during  the  approaching  Winter  unless 
the  supplies  now  lying  at  Okak,  having 
been  landed  from  the  disabled  auxiliary 
steam  vessel  Burleigh,  are  forwarded  to 
their  destination.  Unless  means  of  trans¬ 
port  are  quickly  arranged  at  St.  Johns, 
Newfoundland,  it  will  be  impossible  to 
reach  the  missionary  post  before  the  close 
of  navigation.  The  Rev.  E.  J.  Peck,  English 
Church  missionary,  arrived  at  St.  Johns  by 
the  Labrador  mail  steamer  to  charter  a 
steamer  to  transfer  the  stores  from  Okak 
to  Lake  Ilabor.  Baffin  Land,  a  distance  of 
nearly  500  miles.  No  stores  have  been 
taken  to  the  post  since  1909,  when  only 
two  years’  supply  was  landed  there  by  the 
young  missionaries  Bilby  and  Fleming. 
Failure  this  year  to  replenish  the  exhausted 
stock  might  mean  starvation  to  those  de¬ 
pending  on  the  mission. 

A  trail  of  the  Black  Hand  the  detective 
Joseph  Petrosino  followed  before  he  met 
his  death  in  Palermo,  Sicily,  in  March, 
1909,  at  the  hands  of  some  of  the  desperate 
Italian  criminals  whom  he  was  then  seeking 
across  the  seas,  culminated  in  the  arrest  of 
Giuseppi  Castabile,  of  No.  136  Chrystie 
street,  New  York,  who  had  a  formidable 
bomb  in  his  possession  when  the  detectives 
caught  him  in  Prince  street  September  5. 
According  to  Inspector  Hughes,  in  charge 
of  the  detective  bureau  of  Headquarters, 
Castabile  has  been  implicated  in  several  re¬ 
cent  bomb  outrages  on  the  lower  East  Side, 
and  is  the  head  and  master  spirit  of  an  or¬ 
ganized  gang  of  Black  Handers,  whose  sole 
employment  has  been  to  exact  tribute  from 
small  Italian  merchants  by  the  dreaded 
Black  Hand  letter  threatening  death  and 
annihilation  of  the  families  of  the  recipients 
unless  they  paid  a  price  within  a  stated 
time.  Several  names  of  other  Italians,  sup¬ 
posed  to  be  members  of  the  gang,  and  other 
important  data  were  found  on  Castabile 
when  searched  at  Police  Headquarters,  In¬ 
spector  Hughes  said.  Other  arrests  may 
follow. 

Horse  Creek,  Wyoming,  reported  Septem¬ 
ber  5  a  storm  which  has  left  hail  four  feet 
deep  over  a  wide  area  of  country.  At  the 
foot  of  Round  Top  Mountain  it  was  25  feet 
deep.  Crops  are  destroyed  for  a  radius  of 
20  miles  and  much  stock  killed. 

FARM  AND  GARDEN.— Fearing  the  loss 
of  a  large  amount  of  their  crops,  which 
they  were  unable  to  harvest  owing  to  the 
heavy  rains  of  the  previous  week,  the  to¬ 
bacco  growers  of  Portland,  Conn.,  peti¬ 
tioned  the  Board  of  Education  successfully 
August  31  to  have  the  opening  of  the 
schools  postponed  for  one  week.  The  season 
of  tobacco  harvest  in  this  section  is  ex¬ 
ceedingly  short,  and  every  hour  counts.  The 
crops  ripened  rapidly  under  the  influence 
of  the  warm  rain,  but  neither  picking  nor 
stringing  can  be  done  while  the  leaves  are 
wet.  The  children  are  almost  indispensable 
in  the  harvest,  as  they  do  the  work  more 
effectively  and  at  less  expense  than  adults. 
Tobacco  is  the  chief  agricultural  product 
in  this  particular  section  of  the  Connecticut 
Valley,  and  consequently  the  farmers  were 
in  a  quandary  until  the  Board  of  Education 
voted  to  postpone  the  opening  of  school. 

A  meeting  of  the  Dairymen’s  League  was 
held  at  Newburg,  N.  Y.,  August  31.  The 
membership  of  the  Dairymen’s  League  is 
based  on  the  number  of  milk-producing  cows 
owned  by  the  members.  Those  owners  who 
attended  this  session  were  the  president, 
John  Y.  Gerow,  of  Washingtonville ;  Warren 
D.  Haggerty,  vice-president,  of  Sussex,  N. 
J. ;  Albert  Manning,  secretary,  Otisville.  N. 
Y. ;  D.  M.  O’Connor,  of  East  Greenwich, 
Washington  County;  Andrew  Haight,  Mill- 
brook,  Dutchess  County;  W.  H.  Danehy, 
Canastota  ;  L.  B.  Young,  of  Greene,  N.  Y. ; 
D.  H.  Slitcrm,  of  Margaretville,  N.  Y. ; 
Oscar  Bailey,  of  Brewster,  N.  Y. ;  Frank 
(Sherman,  of  Copake,  N.  Y. ;  Wallace  Stever, 
of  Mellenville,  N.  Y. ;  L.  M.  Hardin,  of 
Sussex,  N.  J. ;  F.  D.  Kershaw,  of  Onon¬ 
daga  County,  and  N.  T.  Hartnett,  of  Cort¬ 
land,  N.  Y.  The  Dairymen’s  League  repre¬ 
sents  five  States — New  York,  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania,  Massachusetts  and  Connecti¬ 
cut — and  its  members  produce  most  of  the 
milk  used  by  the  consumers  in  those  re¬ 
spective  States.  The  territory  covered  by 
the  league  embraces  about  15  or  20  coun¬ 
ties  in  New  York  State,  including  Orange, 
Dutchess,  Sullivan  and  Ulster;  in  New  Jer¬ 
sey.  Sussex  and  Warren  counties ;  in  Con¬ 
necticut,  Fairfield  and  Litchfield  counties ; 
in  Massachusetts,  Sheffield  County  ;  in  Penn¬ 
sylvania,  Wayne,  Bradford  and  Wyoming 
counties.  A  committee  to  investigate  the 
proposition  of  the  New  York  promoters,  of¬ 
fering  to  handle  milk  on  a  cooperative  basis, 
was  appointed.  The  committee  consists  of 
President  John  Y.  Gerow,  Oscar  Bailey,  of 
Brewster,  N.  Y. ;  D.  II.  Sliterm,  of  Margaret¬ 
ville,  N.  Y. ;  I,.  M.  Hardin  and  Albert  Man¬ 
ning,  of  Otisville,  N.  Y.,  and  the  league’s 
vice-president,  W.  D.  Haggerty,  ex-officio. 

John  Cavanaugh,  a  Connecticut  farmer, 
decided  September  4  to  take  his  family  to 
the  Grange  Fair  at  Haddam  Neck  in  style. 
He  owns  10  yoke  of  oxen  himself,  and  by 
borrowing  from  his  neighbors  collected  48 
yoke,  or  96  oxen.  With  these  attached  to  a 
gayly  decorated  car  he  made  the  trip,  cov¬ 
ering  the  distance  of  about  20  miles  in 
five  hours.  The  services  of  12  drivers  were 
needed  to  guide  the  animals.  On  his  arrival 
at  the  fair  grounds  Cavanaugh  found  that 
he  and  his  cattle  attracted  more  attention 
than  any  other  exhibit.  Cavanaugh’s  family 
of  nine  youngsters  enjoyed  the  trip  vei’y 
much.  His  wife  said  afterward  that  the 
only  disagreeable  feature  was  the  dust 
kicked  up  by  the  animals. 


DIARY  OF  FARM  WORK. 

A  Baker  Describes  His  Day. 

I  get  up  at  4  a.  m. ;  start  fire  for  crullers 
and  doughnuts,  make  piecrust,  get  up  from 
cellar  pie  fruits  for  filling,  then  prepare 
everything  for  crullers  and  doughnuts.  At 
5  o’clock  call  bakers  and  drivers;  the 
latter  hitch  wagons  while  I  take  account 
of  what  they  take.  The  baker  makes  pie, 
crullers  and  doughnuts,  I  helping  him  oc¬ 
casionally.  At  6.30  is  breakfast ;  wagons 
leave  at  7.  We  make  bread,  dough  and 
sponge  for  noon  dough ;  make  cake  till 
about  11  o’clock.;  start  a  new  fire,  make 
noon  rye  and  bun  dough.  Setting  tins,  go 
to  dinner  at  12.30 ;  then  work  at  bread 
till  6  or  6.30.  Between  time,  wjgon  has 
to  be  reloaded.  Supper  at  7  o’clock ;  some¬ 
times  I  have  to  sit  at  desk  for  an  hour  or 
so  with  my  wife  to  do  some  writing,  but  go 
to  bed  after,  as  I  am  tired.  This  is  not 
only  in  Summer,  but  the  year  around,  for 
the  last  six  years.  j.  s. 

New  Jersey. 

Getting  a  Market  Load  in  Indiana. 

Friday,  August  25. — Arose  at  dawn.  The 
usual  preliminaries  of  firing,  feeding  and 
milking  were  attended  to  without  any  great 
haste,  as  the  weather  threatened  a  continu¬ 
ation  of  yesterday’s  all-day  rain.  Late  in 
the  morning  I  went  to  picking  apples;  pre¬ 
paring  for  the  following  day’s  market,  and 
at  the  same  time  saving  out  the  best  speci¬ 
mens  for  the  State  Fair  and  the  apple  show. 
The  Wealthy  is  an  apple  that  I  would  not 
like  to  part  with,  and  at  the  same  time  I 
think  it  is  the  most  disappointing  variety 
that  I  have  when  it  comes  to  hunting  per¬ 
fect  specimens  for  the  show  table.  If  they 
are  picked  early  they  are  not  sufficiently 
colored;  if  they  hang  till  they  take  on  the 
full  color  the  birds  ruin  many  of  them, 
wasps  or  other  insects  puncture  the  skin  or 
they  crack  around  the  stem  in  showery 
weather.  The  apple  picking  was  finished  by 
noon.  After  dinner  I  went  to  picking  Belle 
of  Georgia  and  Champion  peaches.  Neither 
has  reached  the  usual  size  on  account  of 
the  dry  weather,  but  the  Champion  is  per¬ 
fectly  free  this  year,  while  in  other  seasons 
it  has  not  been  sufficiently  so  for  canning. 
After  peaches  came  the  Lombard  plums. 
Then  came  supper  and  evening  efiores. 

Later  I  went  back  with  a  lantern  to  finish 
getting  the  load  ready  for  an  early  morning 
start  to  the  city,  10  miles  away.  This 
work  done,  found  the  wagon  loaded  with 
half  a  dozen  bushels  of  apples,  half  a  dozen 
baskets  of  peaches  and  plums,  and  half  a 
dozen  well-fed  Plymouth  Rock  fries,  for 
which  I  expect  to  receive  all  the  consumer’s 
dollar;  but  not  many  of  her  dollars,  as  ap¬ 
ples  are  retailing  on  the  streets  of  Indian¬ 
apolis  at  20  cents  per  peck,  and  my  peaches 
are  too  small  to  fetch  big  prices.  Every¬ 
thing  in  readiness,  my  pillow  takes  Its  bur¬ 
den  at  9.14,  with  the  alarm  set  for  3  a.  m. 

Indiana.  jj. 

On  a  Nova  Scotia  Fruit  Farm, 

On  August  28  I  woke  up  in  a  hotel  15 
milos  from  home.  There  being  three  or  four 
days  before  Gravensteins  would  be  fit  to 
pick.  I  went  off  into  the  centre  of  Nova 
Scotia  to  look  for  a  Summer  camp  by  the 
side  of  some  lake.  The  country  was  monot¬ 
onous  and  very  rough  ;  could  not  find  any 
spot  within  60  miles  and  concluded  that  was 
too  far.  Will  try  the  Bay  of  Fundy.  When 
I  got  home  I  found  my  man,  $27  and  board 
by  the  year,  and  two  men  at  $1.50  and 
board,  had  started  on  the  Gravensteins. 
They  picked  from  trees  27  barrels  and  off 
the  ground  about  13.  Those  off  the  ground 
fetch  30  cents  at  the  evaporator,  to  mem¬ 
bers  of  our  association,  but  none  is  being 
taken  from  outsiders ;  40  cents  for  Kings, 
Ribstons  and  Blenheim  drops.  Drops  should 
be  a  fair  large  size.  I  average  up  about 
12  barrels  per  man  per  day.  This  year  I 
expect  to  get  15  barrels  per  day  picked.  We 
get  up  at  5.30  and  step  rt  5.30  in  Summer 
and  at  6  o’clock  and  5  o';  ck  in  Winter, 
doing  chores  for  three  horses  and  one  cow, 
two  pigs  and  no  hens,  after  3  or  5.30  as  the 
case  may  be. 

The  fashion  here  was  clean  cultivation 
round  the  tr^g-J,  with  cover  crop  in  July, 
but  a  strip  :.ix  to  eight  feet  wide  near  th<5 
trees  a-l  cultivated  one  way  in  the  middle 
is  becoming  very  popular.  It  saves  one-half 
the  work,  and  much  the  most  irritating  half. 
I  use  1.200  pounds  of  slag  to  the  acre  (cost 
$16  per  ton  for  cash).  and  no  potash.  My 
crops  on  about  10  acres  at  start  to  20  at 
present  time,  are.  from  1902  79  barrels,  211 
barrels,  331  barrels.  210  barrels.  426  bar¬ 
rels,  600  barrels,  590  barrels.  700  barrels, 
500  barrels,  and  this  year  1,200  barrels  Tn 
1.200  barrels  T  expect  50  barrels  of  de¬ 
formed  and  misshapen  apples,  due  to  aphis; 
one  barrel  of  wormy  apples  and  1.200  single 
apples  with  a  scab  the  size  of  a  pinhead.  I 
sprayed  with  three  pounds  arsenate  of  lead 
to  40  gallons  lime  and  sulphur,  used  power 
sprayer  and  4.000  gallons  of  spray.  After 
that  I  thinned  heavily.  Barrels  cost  us  25 
cents,  but  late  buyers  are  paving  30  and 
begging  for  them  at  that.  Buyers  from 
Germany  and  South  Africa  are  here '  also 
buyers  from  Ontario.  The  South  African 
trade  is  becoming  quite  important,  say  15,- 
000  barrels  of  extra  grade.  Our  United  Co¬ 
operative  Companies  (W.  S.  B.  Chute  of 
Berwick,  manager),  had  a  man  in  Manitoba 
who  sold  16,000  barrels  of  Gravensteins  in 
three  weeks.  Prices  for  l’s  and  2’s  80  per 
cent.  No.  1  and  20  per  cent.  No.  2,  range 
from  $1.50  to  $2  per  barrel,  with  a  tendency 
to  rise.  I  expect  to  net  $1.90  to  $2  tree 
run  after  paying  for  picking,  packing  and 
barrels,  for  all  varieties.  The  scales  bal¬ 
ance  at  that  just  now.  Anent  reciprocity  I 
believe  in  free  trade,  Llovd  George  trade 
unions,  arbitration,  and  honest  workman¬ 
ship  ;  also  loving  your  neighbors,  especially 
when  they  don’t  live  too  close. 

Nova  Scotia.  john  buchanan. 


Vegetable  Growers'  Convention _ On 

September  19-23  the  Vegetable  Growers’ 
Association  of  America  will  hold  a  conven¬ 
tion  and  vegetable  show  at  the  building  of 
the  Massachusetts  Horticultural  Society,  360 
Massachusetts  avenue,  Boston.  This  will 
be  a  most  interesting  meeting.  Exhibits 
should  be  sent,  charges  prepaid,  to  H.  F. 
Hall.  Horticultural  Hall,  Boston.  II.  F. 
Tompson,  Seekonk,  Mass.,  is  chairman  of 
the  membership  committee  of  this  associa¬ 
tion. 


628 


THE  R.UR.A.L  NEW-YORKEK 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

HOUSE  AND  HOME. 

A  house  is  built  of  bricks  and  stone,  of  sills 
and  posts  and  piers ; 

But  a  home  is  built  of  loving  deeds  that 
stand  a  thousand  years. 

A  house,  though  but  a  humble  cot,  within 
its  walls  may  hold 

A  home  of  priceless  beauty,  rich  in  love’s 
eternal  gold. 

The  men  of  earth  build  houses — halls  and 
chambers,  roofs  and  domes — 

But  the  women  of  the  earth — God  knows ! 

the  women  build  the  homes. 

Eve  could  not  stray  from  Paradise,  for,  oh, 
no  matter  where 

Her  gracious  presence  lit  the  way,  lo  !  Para¬ 
dise  was  there. 

— Nixon  Waterman  in  Atlanta  Journal. 

* 

Spanish  toast  is  very  good  prepared 
as  follows :  Put  a  little  butter  in  a 
skillet ;  when  it  melts  add  two  slices  of 
onion,  two  green  sweet  peppers  sliced, 
and  a  cupful  of  sliced  tomato.  Let  it 
simmer  until  the  mixture  is  smooth,  sea¬ 
son  with  pepper  and  salt,  and  then  pour 
over  slices  of  buttered  toast.  A  plain 
omelet,  with  this  mixture  poured  around 
it  becomes  a  Spanish  omelet. 

* 

Here  is  the  Delineator’s  recipe  for 
savory  hominy :  Put  into  a  casserole 
one  cupful  of  hominy,  one  cupful  of 
milk  and  one  cupful  of  water;  allow  all 
to  cook  slowly  for  twenty  minutes,  then 
add  one  heaping  tablespoonful  of  butter, 
three  ounces  of  grated  Parmesan  cheese, 
a  litttle  made  mustard,  salt,  pepper,  pap¬ 
rika  and  a  grating  of  nutmeg.  Strew 
over  this  a  few  fine  breadcrumbs  and 
place  pieces  of  butter  on  the  top.  Let 

it  brown  in  the  oven  and  serve  very  hot. 

* 

Creamed  cabbage  that  will  be  found 
very  delicate  in  flavor  is  prepared  as 
follows :  Slice  the  cabbage,  wash  in 

salted  water,  drain,  and  then  cook  in 
salted  water  10  minutes.  Drain  in  a 
sieve,  set  under  the  cold  water  faucet, 
and  rinse  thoroughly,  then  drain  and  cut 
fine.  Put  it  in  an  enamel  saucepan, 
cover  with  milk,  and  cook  slowly  for 
45  minutes.  Season  with  salt  and  pep¬ 
per,  and  10  minutes  before  serving 
thicken  with  flour  rubbed  into  soft  but¬ 
ter. 

* 

Among  the  new  fabrics  are  shimmery 
shot  silks  which  suggest  the  materials 
of  half  a  century  ago.  They  are  taffeta, 
shot  in  two  tones  or  more,  blue  and 
gold,  green  and  gold,  green  and  pink, 
ashes  of  roses,  mother-of-pearl,  as 
changeable  in  coloring  as  soap  bubbles. 
They  are  a  yard  wide  and  cost  $2  a 
yard.  Silk  poplins,  at  $1  a  yard,  are 
36  inches  wide,  in  all  fashionable  colors, 
and  are  not  as  stiff  as  the  old-time  pop¬ 
lins,  being  more  supple  in  weave.  One 
is  almost  justified  in  saying  they  “wear 
forever,”  for  they  seem  likely  to  be  as 
long-lived  as  those  wonderful  fabrics 
our  grandmothers  would  wear  and  make 
over  for  a  lifetime.  The  various  shades 
of  taupe  or  mole  color,  worn  a  few  sea¬ 
sons  ago,  are  to  be  in  favor  again,  many 
shades  of  violet  and  heliotrope,  and  a 
bri®Jit  tone  of  light  brown  called  tor¬ 
toiseshell. 

* 

The  new  hats  are  displayed,  and  we 
see  the  soft  velour  that  appeared  last 
Winter,  but  rather  lighter  and  more 
“floppy,”  often  having  the  brim  faced 
with  a  contrasting  color.  The  crown 
is  usually  of  the  sugar  loaf  type,  the 
brim  rather  more  irregular  than  last 
year,  and  the  trimming  mounted  aloft  in 
most  aspiring  fashion.  Ribbon  is  much 
used,  but  often  in  stiff,  cockade-like 
bows.  Black  and  white  combinations 
are  to  be  extremely  fashionable,  but 
there  are  many  brilliant  colors  used, 
such  as  claret,  purple,  cerise  and  bright 
orange.  Purple  is  especially  favored. 
Woolen  embroideries,  which  are  so  fash¬ 
ionable  for  dress  trimming,  are  to  be 


used  on  hats,  also  flowers  and  orna¬ 
ments  made  of  crewel  wools,  big  roses 
or  tulips,  and  stiff  cockades.  At  first 
sight  they  remind  one  of  the  decora¬ 
tions  on  old-fashioned  carpet  slippers, 
b~t  they  represent  style,  and  we  must 
grow  to  admire  them. 

* 

An  eminent  philosopher  once  asserted 
that  whenever  a  new  book  came  out,  he 
immediately  read  an  old  one,  and  while 
this  rule  might  limit  the  circulation  of 
“the  six  best  sellers”  it  would  undoubt¬ 
edly  add  much  to  the  stock  of  general 
knowledge.  We  always  feel  a  desire  to 
return  to  old  favorites  as  Fall  comes  on, 
and  the  longer  evenings  bring  more 
leisure.  We  have  a  fondness  for  books  • 
of  travel,  and  eminent  among  these  old 
friends  is  “The  Naturalist  on  the  Ama¬ 
zons,”  by  H.  W.  Bates.  It  was  far  back 
in  1848  that  Prof.  Bates,  acompanied  by 
Dr.  A.  R.  Wallace,  whose  theory  of  evo¬ 
lution  antedatted  Darwin,  went  to  South 
America.  Prof.  Bates  remained  there 
until  1859,  and  his  book  was  first  pub¬ 
lished  in  1863.  It  still  remains  a  treas¬ 
ury  of  knowledge,  written  with  such 
direct  simplicity  that  it  holds  the  atten¬ 
tion  of  any  reader.  If  you  are  interested 
in  leaf-bearing  ants  or  the  ant-eaters 
that  devour  them,  in  monkeys  or  tor¬ 
toises,  or  in  the  difficulties  of  travel  in  a 
tropical  wilderness,  you  will  find  plenty 
to  interest  you.  And  after  all,  how  lit¬ 
tle  we  know  about  the  southern  half  of 
our  own  hemisphere !  This  book  is  now 
republished  in  an  attractive  and  inex¬ 
pensive  edition,  and  is  well  worth  own¬ 
ing. 

* 

Tiie  New  York  Sun  tells  this  hen 
story:  A  few  weeks  ago  a  man  who  is 
stopping  at  the  Waldorf  approached  the 
information  clerk  with  the  queerest  re¬ 
quest  on  record  there. 

“I  want  to  get  a  setting  hen,”  he 
said. 

.“We  don't  allow  hens  in  the  house 
alive,”  replied  the  clerk. 

“You  mistake  my  meaning,”  was  the 
rejoinder  of  the  visitor.  “I  do  not  want 
to  turn  your  house  into  a  barnyard.  I 
wish  to  find  a  setting  hen.  I  have  a 
friend  at  Warwick,  Bermuda,  who 
writes  for  one,  which  is  not  so  strange 
as  it  sounds,  though  how  on  earth  I  am 
going  to  find  a  setting  hen  in  New  York 
I  don’t  know.  He  says  he  has  some 
Hondan  eggs  which  I  understand  pro¬ 
duce  famous  chickens  and  he  is  anxious 
to  have  them  hatched.  He  has  hunted 
all  over  Bermuda  but  cannot  find  a  set¬ 
ting  hen  and  he  wants  me  to  pick  one 
up  here.” 

The  clerk  scratched  his  head,  but  not 
an  idea  came.  However,  a  bellboy  who 
lives  in  the  outskirts  of  Brooklyn,  said 
his  mother  had  a  pet  hen  that  was  set¬ 
ting,  though  he  doubted  whether  his 
mother  would  consent  to  part  with  her. 
She  was  a  Plymouth  Rock  and  had  been 
a  present.  The  setting  hen  seeker  told 
him  to  tell  his  mother  to  name  any  price. 

The  result  was  that  on  the  next  Ber¬ 
muda  steamer  the  hen,  furnished  with 
seven  ordinary  eggs  to  keep  her  mind 
occupied  during  the  voyage,  left  for 
Bermuda.  According  to  the  letter  re¬ 
ceived  later  the  hen  on  reaching  her 
destination,  was  put  to  work  on  fifteen 
Houdan  eggs  and  is  now  being  called 
mother  by  the  same  number  of  promis¬ 
ing  young  chicks. 

Cake  Fillings  Without  Eggs. 

A  preparation  which  we  like  when 
eggs  are  scarce  and  expensive,  is  cara¬ 
mel  marshmallow  filling.  Stale  marsh¬ 
mallows  may  sometimes  be  obtained  at 
half  price  at  the  candy  stores  and  these 
are  just  as  good,  but  require  a  little 
more  stirring.  Take  lj^  cup  brown 
sugar,  half  cup  cream,  one  teaspoonful 
butter,  half  pound  marshmallows  cut  in 
pieces.  Boil  the  sugar,  butter  and  cream 
together  40  minutes,  then  pour  over  the 
marshmallows.  Beat  together  until 


smooth  and  -spread  at  once  between  the 
layers.  This  may  also  be  used  for  the 
top  and  sides  of  the  cake. 

The  rural  housewife  who  likes  a  fig 
filling  should  try  tlie  following  com¬ 
pound  of  figs,  pears  and  raisins.  It  is 
richer  and  better  flavored  than  the  plain 
figs,  and  as  nearly  everybody  in  the 
country  grows  a  few  pears,  the  cost  is 
really  less.  It  is  prepared  in  pear  sea¬ 
son  and  put  up  in  jars  or  cans  like  any 
other  preserve.  It  is  always  ready  for 
use,  a  fact  not  fully  appreciated  until 
there  is  a  hurry  call  for  cake,  as  when 
company  arrives  unexpectedly.  Here  is 
the  recipe:  One  pound  figs,  one  pound 
raisins,  three  pounds  pears  peeled  and 
cored,  2J4  pounds  sugar  scant.  Put  all 
fhe  ingredients  except  the  sugar  through 
the  food  chopper.  Place  the  pears  on 
the  stove  with  the  sugar,  and  cook  un¬ 
til  soft,  add  the  other  fruit,  and  con¬ 
tinue  boiling  until  thick,  then  pour  into 
jelly  glasses.  Sheldon  pears  are  best, 
although  any  rich,  fine-grained  pear 
will  answer  the  purpose.  m.  e.  c. 

Keeping  Meat  Without  Ice. 

Can  yon  ox-  some  of  yonr  correspondents 
give  me  a  good  idea  of  how  to  keep-  fresh 
meat  in  hot  weather,  after  the  ice  has  given 
out?  I  find  it  quite  difficult,  as  we  have 
no  refrigerator.  o.  B.  M. 

Here  is  a  real  problem,  which  must 
confront  many  housekeepers  in  dis¬ 
tricts  where  ice  is  difficult  to  procure, 
and  we  should  like  a  full  discussion  of 
it  from  those  who  can  tell  of  their  own 
practice.  Our  personal  experience  has 
been  limited,  as  we  have  a  cool  deep  cel¬ 
lar,  where  meat  can  be  kept  reasonably 
well,  but  everyone  is  not  so  favored. 

It  is  always  found  that  meat  keeps 
better  when  hung  up,  so  that  the  air  can 
circulate  around  it,  than  when  laid  flat 
on  a  dish,  so  we  would  provide,  first  of 
all,  a  square  safe  made  by  setting  up  a 
firm  framework  of  the  required  size, 
with  board  floor,  preferably  covered 
with  zinc,  and  then  covering  all  over 
top  and  sides  with  wire  netting.  At  one 
side  should  be  a  well-fitting  door,  fas¬ 
tened  with  a  firm  latch  or  lock  if  neces¬ 
sary.  There  should  be  scantling  across 
the  top,  into  which  firm  hooks  are 
screwed  for  suspending  the  meat.  The 
whole  may  be  mounted  upon  legs  like  a 
table,  or  merely  stood  on  a  bench  or 
support  as  desired.  The  netting  keeps 
out  all  insects,  and  the  free  circula¬ 
tion  of  air  keeps  the  meat  in  better  co-- 
dition,  as  the  outside  surface  becomes 
somewhat  dried.  This  safe  should,  of 
course,  be  kept  in  the  coolest  place  pos¬ 
sible,  dark  and  airy.  In  hot  weather  the 
temperature  can  be  considerably  reduced 
by  hanging  a  heavy  cloth  or  blanket, 
kept  constantly  wet,  btit  not  dripping, 
at  the  windward  side  of  the  meat  safe, 
where  the  air  will  blow  through  it ;  the 
evaporation  of  the  moisture  cools  the 
air  greatly,  the  principle  being  the  same 
as  the  porous  water  jars  of  the  tropics. 
If,  in  spite  of  precautions,  the  outside 
of  the  meat  becomes  tainted,  a  thorough 
scrubbing  with  water  containing  bicar¬ 
bonate  of  soda,  well  rubbed  in,  followed 
by  rinsing  in  clear  water,  will  remove 
the  taint. 

Who  can  tell  us  something  more 
about  keeping  meat  without  ice? 


September  16, 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.’’  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


QFTEN  IMITATED— NEVER  DUPLICATED 


Ten*  of  Thousand*  of  Women  have 
Proved  it*  Greater  Reliability  and  value 
by  Actual  Use.  They  Buy  it  Again  and 
Again,  Year  after  Year,  and  They  Tell 
Their  Friends. 

No  advertisement  we  could  write  can  speak  half  as  strongly 
for  Suesine  Silk  as  the 
praise  of  these  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  fastidious 
women,  and  good  judges 
of  value,  who  know  Sue¬ 
sine  by  their  own  expert - 
ence — and  who  buy  itagain 
and  again  every  season 
year  after  year. 

These  women  refuse  all 
imitations  and  substitutes 
—  they  insist  on  buying 
genuine  Suesine  —  with 
the  name  along  the  edge 
of  every  yard — like  this 


SUESINE  SILK 


Don’t  be  talked  into  buying  a  substitute  or 
you  will  be  sorry  —  these  imitations  arc 
adulterated  with  tin.  glue  and  iron  dust 
which  make  them  quickly  fall  to  pieces — 
don’t  be  coaxed  or  persuaded  into  buying 
them,  for  you  will  surely  regret  it. 

We  will  send  you,  absolutely  free, 
forty-two  samples  of  Suesine  Silk 
— more  than  2S5  square  inches  al¬ 
together 

We  ask  only,  that,  when  writing  for 
these  free  samples,  you  will  mention  the 
name  of  your  regular  dry  goods  dealer, 
and  say  whether  he  sells  Suesine  Silk  or 
not.  Please  be  sure  to  give  that  informa¬ 
tion  in  writing  to  us. 

No  matter  where  you  live,  it  is 
easy  to  get  genuine  Suesine  Silk 

We  do  not  sell  Suesine  Silk  except  through  regular  re¬ 
tail  merchants.  But  if  we  cannot  send  you  the  name  and 
address  of  a  Dealer  in  your  vicinity  who  has  Suesine  Silk, 
we  will  see  that  your  order  is  filled  at  the  same  price,  and 
just  as  conveniently,  by  a  reliable  retail  house,-  if  you  en¬ 
close  color  sample  and  price,  39c.  per  yard. 

The  price  of  Suesine  Silk  in  CANADA  is  SOc.  a  yard. 


Bedford  Mills  Desk 


8 


8  to  14  W.  3d  St. 


New  York  City 


Pumps  Air  Through  Clothes  ^ 


Syracuse  “EASY"  Washer  uses 
vacuum  principle  and  forces  air 
and  suds  through  the  clothes. 
Cleans  perfectly  without  pulling, 
hauling  or  tearing.  Built  to  last  a 
lifetime.  Write  today  for  Free Laund  ry 
Recipes  and,30-Day  Free  TrialOffer. 
DODGE  &ZCILL,  224  Q  Dillaye 
Building,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  or  Easy 
Washer  Co.,  Bruce  and  Dundas 
Streets,  Toronto,  Canada. 


».  |  pgi«^1sthe  most  ef  f  i  c  i  e  n  ^device 
“I  I"  t  made  for  pumping  water  by  water. 
D  A  All  Raises  water  30  feet  for  each  foot 
^^*®*'”*  of  fall — no  trouble 
'or  pumping  expense.  Satis¬ 
faction  guaranteed. 

Booklet,  plans,  estimate,  FREE. 

RIFE  ENGINE  CO. 

2429  Trinity  Bldg.,  N.  Y. 


GUARANTEED 
Freight  Paid 

Our  Gold 
Coin  Stove 
Guaranty  i  s 
to  take  back 
the  stove  at 
our  expense, 
any  time 
within  a  year 
and  refund  your 
money  if  you  are 
not  satisfied. 

Freight  is  pre¬ 
paid ;  safe  de¬ 
livery  insured,  ready  to  set  up— even  polished. 
Send  for  our  Free  Catalogue,  Price  List  and  Offer. 

Our  prices  are  $5  to  $20  less  than  any  dealer’s 
prices.  The  stoves  are  only  of  the  very  best 
—and  so  guaranteed. 

Gold  Coin  Stove  Co.  3  Oak  Street,  Troy,  N.  Y. 

ttxxxxxxxxxxxxxx;: 


Read  This  Letter 


We  Ship 
the  Same 
Day 
Order  Is 
Rec’d. 


Save  $5.00  to  $40.00  On 
Your  Stove  Purchases 

PLENDID  Kalamazoo  Stoves  and  Ranges 
sold  direct  from  the  factory  will  net  you 
a  $5.00  to  $40.00  saving — sometimes  more 
as  shown  in  this  letter.  No  dealer,  job¬ 
ber,  middleman  or  salesman  makes  a 
cent  on  Kalamazoo  stoves  and  you 
pocket  their  profits  and  get  the  best 
—America’s  Standard  Stove. 


thna*°o  D 

°ver 6 


y  on 


It 


ean  ^  "ca  *°°d  or. 


ray 


’feet 


w"»5  “«i 

■  «*»0. 


RADIANT 

BASE  BURNER 


Cash  or  Credit 

Pay  on  terms  that  meet  your  convenience  on  30 
Days  Free  Trial,  360  Days  Approval  Test,  Freight 
Prepaid  and  Shipment  made  same  day  order  is 
received.  170,000  satisfied  customers  prove  our  proposition. 

Big  Stove  Book — FREE 

A  price  for  every  purse  among  our  400  styles  and  sizes, 
illustrated  and  described,  against  the  dozen  styles  your  dealer 
has.  Brimful  of  inside  stove  facts  that  the  dealer  himself 
doesn’t  know.  Get  the  how  and  why  of  the  Kalamazoo  propo- 
>  sitiou.  Send  NOW-asi  for  catalog  No,  114. 

Kalamazoo  Stove  Company,  Manufacturers 
Kalamzoo, 

Michigan 


A  Kalamazoo 

Direct  to Yo\x  too 


1911. 


020 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  patterns  and  measurements 
desired. 

The  first  group  shows  7042,  short 
jacket  for  misses  and  small  women,  14, 
16  and  18  years.  6885,  house  jacket,  34 
to  44  bust.  6991,  fancy  tucked  blouse, 
34  to  42.  6936,  three  or  two-piece  skirt 
with  simulated  tunic,  22  to  32  waist. 
6970,  nine-gored  skirt,  22  to  36  waist, 
with  inverted  plaits  or  habit  back,  with 
high  or  natural  waist  line,  in  walking 
or  round  length.  7001,  girl’s  empire 


dress,  2,  4  and  6  years,  with  round  or 
high  neck,  sleeves  plain  or  gathered 
into  bands.  Price  of  each  10  cents. 

The  second  group  includes  7071, 
kimono  with  yoke  for  misses  and  small 
women,  14,  16  and  18  years,  perforated 
for  sacque  length.  7032,  peasant 


blouse  for  misses  and  small  women,  14, 
16  and  18  years,  with  or  without  chemi¬ 
sette.  6816,  five-gored  skirt  with  cir¬ 
cular  flounce,  for  misses  and  small 
women,  14,  16  and  18  years.  7091,  house 
gown  or  wrapper,  34  to  44  bust.  7074, 
child’s  dress,  4,  6  and  8  years,  with 
round  or  high  neck,  short  or  three- 
quarter  sleeves.  7084,  child’s  coat  with 
cape,  2,  4  and  6  years.  Price  of  each 
10  cents. 

Canned  Beets. 

A  short  time  ago  some  one  asked 
through  your  columns  for  a  recipe  for 
canning  beets  without  vinegar.  I  gladly 
furnish  the  following:  Cook  beets  until 
tender  enough  to  skin.  Put  in  cans  and 
cover  with  a  syrup  made  of  one  quart 
water  and  one  cup  sugar.  Steam  one 
hour.  I  like  best  to  make  sure  the  beets 
are  very  clean  and  use  the  water  I  cook 
them  in  to  make  the  syrup. 

MARY  H.  MUNSON. 

I  saw  an  inquiry  for  a  recipe  for  can¬ 
ning  beets  without  pickling  them.  I  have 
a  recipe  which  I  have  used  with  success, 
so  thought  I  would  send  j.t  to  you.  t  Boil 


THE  RURAL* 

the  beets  until  tender.  Peel  and  slice, 
pack  in  cans  and  pour  over  them  boiling 
water  sweetened  with  sugar,  using 
about  a  cupful  of  sugar  to  two  quarts 
of  water.  Pour  over  them  while  hot 
and  seal  airtight.  When  you  want  to 
use  them  pour  the  water  off  and  fix  the 
same  as  you  would  fresh  beets.  We 
like  them  just  with  sweetened  vinegar. 

A  SUBSCRIBER. 


Three  Eggless  Recipes. 

Pumpkin  Pie. — Allow  one  cup  of 
cooked  pumpkin  for  each  pie,  half  cup 
of  brown  sugar,  one  tablespoon ful  of 
flour  or  teaspoonful  of  cornstarch,  one 
scant  cup  of  sweet  cream,  one-fourth 
teaspoonful  of  baking  powder,  and  the 
same  amount  of  spice  or  cinnamon. 
Beat  well,  bake  with  one  crust. 

Corn  Bread. — Mix  one  scant  tea¬ 
spoonful  of  soda  and  one  of  salt  and 
just  a  pinch  of  sugar  with  three  pints 
of  sifted  meal.  Stir  in  milk  until  a 
rather  soft  batter  is  formed;  beat  until 
light,  pour  in  a  shallow  pan,  hot  and 
well  greased.  Bake  in  a  quick  oven. 

A  Good  Fruit  Cake. — Cream  together 
one  cup  of  sugar  and  half  cup  of  but¬ 
ter.  Add  one  cup  of  sour  milk,  one  tea¬ 
spoonful  of  mixed  spices,  one  level  tea¬ 
spoonful  of  soda  and  two  cups  of  flour, 
and  one  cup  of  chopped  raisins  rolled 
in  flour.  Bake  in  a  loaf.  d.  b.  p. 


A  Penny  Saved. 

An  acquaintance  of  mine  is  much 
troubled  by  the  wasteful  ways  of  a  poor 
neighbor.  If  the  biscuits  are  not  all 
eaten  at  one  meal,  the  remainder  is 
tossed  out,  not  for  the  hens  or  pigs,  but 
just  to  be  of  no  use  to  any  person,  or 
any  animal.  This  tale  reminds  me  of 
the  maxim  of  my  father,  who  used  to 
say,  “A  penny  saved  is  two  pennies 
earned.”  When  in  my  girlhood  I  was 
admonished  to  scrape  out  the  mixing 
dish  well,  or  not  to  waste  the  soap,  I 
felt  sometimes  that  it  savored  of  nig¬ 
gardliness,  for  we  were  not  poor,  but  I 
have  since  realized  that  one  way  not  to 
be  poor  is  to  guard  against  waste,  and 
the  habit  formed  in  youth  has  been  of 
much  benefit.  The  pennies  saved  by 
economical  habits  allow  expenditure  for 
needed  conveniences,  and  help  towards 
a  comfortable  bank  account. 

Sometimes  we  see  a  young  man  whose 
salary  is  $1,000  or  more  and  who  has 
only  the  beginning  of  a  family,  and  yet 
he  cannot  lay  by  a  cent,  and  is  in  debt 
to  many.  What  is  the  trouble?  In  one 


NEW-YORKER 

such  case,  large  quantities  of  food  were 
taken  from  the  back  door  by  a  neighbor 
for  his  hens.  We  are  told  that  a  man 
must  ask  his  wife  if  he  may  be  rich,  yet 
it  may  not  be  wholly  the  fault  of  the 
v  fe,  for  some  men  refuse  to  eat  food 
that  is  more  than  24  hours  old,  so  ex¬ 
tremely  careful  calculation  could  not  al¬ 
ways  prevent  waste. 

If  you  follow  the  practice  of  seeing 
how  much  wear  can  be  gotten  from  any 
article,  it  is  about  as  interesting  as  any 
other  hobby,  and  need  not  be  carried  to 
miserliness  either.  I  have  a  granite 
kettle  that  my  husband  has  twice 
mended  by  putting  through  a  hole  in  it 
a  tack  which  he  has  cut  short  and  ham¬ 
mered  down  fast,  like  a  rivet.  The 
kettle  serves  very  well,  though  more 
than  10  years  in  use,  and  we  have  saved 
the  price  of  a  new  one,  for  something 
that  we  want  more.  One  member  of 
our  family  sometimes  says,  “There!  I 
believe  I  shall  not  wear  that  garment 
any  more,”  so  she  lays  it  aside,  firm  in 
her  belief.  Frequently  it  has  happened 
that  months  afterwards  she  gets  out  the 
garment  and  concludes  it  looks  pretty 
well,  furbishes  it  up,  puts  it  on  again, 
aand  likes  it.  But  in  case  she  cannot 
wear  it  at  her  work  in  the  store,  we 
may  find  some  “deserving  poor”  who 
will  be  glad  to  use  it  in  her  home.  We 
always  have  a  box  where  partly  worn 
or  outgrown  articles  are  kept,  and  in 
time  they  find  a  place  where  they  are 
still  useful.  It  is  a  real  pleasure  to  see 
how  some  women  who  are  poor  through 
no  fault  of  their  own,  will  find  a  use 
for  such  things.  I  once  gave  a  door 
curtain,  faded,  but  quite  heavy,  to  a 
woman  who  earns  by  hard  work  nearly 
all  that  she  has.  I  thought  it  might  keep 
out  a  draft  somewhere,  but  she  knew 
exactly  what  she  wanted  to  do  with  it. 
She  doubled  it  and  sewed  it  together, 
and  said  it  would  be  just  the  thing  to 
put  under  the  robe  when  in  Winter  they 
took  the  long  drive  to  town.  It  seemed 
to  me  much  better  that  she  should  have 
that  curtain  to  use  than  that  it  should 
be  put  in  the  rag  bag  or  burned. 

With  the  habit  of  wastefulness  often 
goes  the  habit  of  buying  the  handsome 
thing  that  takes  the  eye,  but  whose  price 
exceeds  the  amount  in  the  purse,  or  at 
least  takes  more  of  it  than  is  wise,  when 
a  plainer  article  would  serve  as  well, 
and  probably  be  more  appropriate.  Self- 
denial  may  be  hard,  but  it  seems  pre¬ 
ferable  to  the  feeling  that  if  illness 
comes  into  the  family  there  is  nothing 
with  which  to  meet  the  bills.  e.  f.  m. 


Good  Paint 

Is  Not  An  Expense 

A  good  paint  does  a  great  deal 
more  than  beautify  a  building. 
It  protects  the  surface,  seasons  the 
wood,  and  hardens  and  prolongs 
its  life.  . . 

Paint  is  not  an  expense,  but  an 
investment.  Not  ah  extravagance, 
but  a  saving,  for  it  lengthens  the 
life  of  buildings. 

This  is  not  a  theory,  but  a 
proved  fact. 

Moore’s  House  Colors 
are  the  best  paints  to 
use — and  the  most 
economical. 


Moore’s 
House 
Colors 


(Sill 


These 
paints  are 
made  bypaint- 
makers  who  have 
no  superiors  in  the 
world.  The  linseed  oil 
in  Moore’s  Paints  is  pure.  It 
is  chemically  tested.  When  the 
price  of  linseed  oil  is  high, 
adulteration  is  prevalent,  and  the 
individual  purchaser  (who  is  not 
able  to  subject  the  raw  material  to 
chemical  test)  isapttobe  “stung.” 
Moore’s  Paints  and  Varnishes  for 
every  purpose. 

MURESCO.  We  also  make  Mu- 
resco,  for  wall  and  ceiling  decora¬ 
tion.  Send  for  literature  describ¬ 
ing  Muresco. 

BENJAMIN  MOORE  &  CO. 

Brooklyn,  N.Y.  Chicago,  111. 

Cleveland,  O. 

Carteret,  N.  J. 

Toronto,  Can. 


WELL 


DRILLING 
MACHINES 

Over  70  sizes  and  styles,  for  drilling  either  deep  or 
shallow  wells  in  any  kind  of  soil  or  rock.  Mounted  on 
wheels  or  on  sills.  With  engines  or  horse  powers.  Strong, 
simple  and  durable.  Any  mechanic  can  operate  them 
easily.  Send  for  catalog. 

WILLIAMS  BROS..  Ithaca.  N.  Y. 


ft 


FUMA 


55  kills  Prairie  Dogs, 

Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
and  Grain  Insects. 
"The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small."  So  the  weevil,  bnt  yon  can  stop  their 

^with  “  Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  are  doing, 

EDWARD  R.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Ian,  N.  Y. 


This  House  Was  Struck  by 

LIGHTNING 


■3& 


f  ft-'., 


>r  . 


Loss  $3000!  Furniture  destroyed ! 
Keepsakes  and  treasures  gone  !  Old 
associations  gone  forever !  Plans 
disarranged!  Hopes  defeated! 
Nothing  left  but  memory  ! 


$25  to  $50  invested  in  the 
Dodd  System  of  Lightning 
Protection  would  have  saved 
it  all,  Is  it  not  worth  while? 


Weigh  the  small  amount  of  money  required  in  the  balances  with  the  chances  you  are  taking  and  see  whether  you  can  afford 

to  continue  on  unprotected.  Don't  doubt  it,  there  is  safety  in  the 


DODD  SYSTEM  of  Lightning 


The  thousands  of  Insurance  Companies  which  have  endorsed  Prof.  Dodd  and  his  great  work  are  not  mistaken.  Their  country 
fire  losses  are  over  six  million  dollars  a  year.  Three-fourths  of  the  fires  are  caused  by  lightning.  But  not  a  single  dollar's 
loss  from  lightning  have  they  ever  had  on  any  of  the  thousands  of  insured  buildings  protected  by  the  Dodd  System. 

Get  Protection!®  Get  It  Now! 

It  is  folly  to  wait.  Lightning  will  not  always  spare  you.  The  small  investment  is  made  once  for  all.  The  Dodd  System 
lasts  your  lifetime.  While  you  are  at  it,  get  the  protection  that  you  know  really  protects.  Remember,  the  2000  Insurance 
Company  Endorsements  are  personal  with  Prof.  Dodd  and  his  System  only.  They  mention  him  by  name  in  their  resolutions. 
^Read  them  in  our  great  bree  Lightning  Book.  Endorsement  of  the  Dodd  System  is  universal.  - 

Standard  Copper  Cable  Rods.  Scientific  Installation.  Personal  Binding  Guar¬ 
antee  Refund  of  Money,  or  Make  Good  Damage  if  Damage  Occurs • 

All  included  in  the  Dodd  System  of  Protection. 

’  Carpe  pages,  fine  illustrations,  many  pictures  of  vivid 


Hglitning  flashes.  Explains  the  laws  of  lightning,  lightning  control,  the  Dodd  System 
Gives  Guarantee,  Insurance  Company  Endorsements,  etc.  FREE.  Address 


Benjamin  Franklin 
Originator  of  Lightning  Control 


DODD  &  STRUTHERS,  437  6th  Ave.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa 


West  Dodd ,  who  Perfected 
Lightning  Control 


©30 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 


September  16. 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

SHEEP  IN  THE  EARLY  FALL. 

Frequently  we  hear  and  read  of  sheep 
farmers  saying,  “In  the  Summer  sheep 
are  no  care  at  all;  just  turn  them  out 
to  pasture  and  let  them  go.”  So  they 
are — very  little  trouble.  Still  it  pays  to 
keep  an  eye  on  them.  I  was  brought 
up  to  “put  my  eggs  in  one  basket  and 
watch  that  basket.”  Since  most  of  my 
“eggs”  are  in  sheep,  I  find  it  pays  me 
well  to  watch  them.  Salting  them  in 
the  Summer  gives  you  a  chance  to  look 
them  over  frequently,  and  if  any  are  off 
their  feed  you  can  generally  pick  them 
out  and  give  them  any  attention  they 
may  need.  But  now  that  the  breeding 
season  for  early  lambs  at  least  is  on  its 
way,  I  find  it  pays  to  give  them  more 
attention.  The  ram,  particularly,  should 
have  good  care,  since  much  depends  on 
having  a  vigorous  sire.  See,  that  he 
stays  in  fit  condition.  Take  paints  to 
let  him  have  a  quart  or  so  of  oats  each 
day  undisturbed.  He  will  soon  learn  to 
come  for  them,  and  if  handled  gently, 
will  not  get  troublesome  at  other  times. 

The  ewes  ought  to  be  kept  in  good 
condition  from  the  time  they  are  bred 
if  you  want  strong,  fat  lambs  that  will 
grow  without  a  check  from  birth  to 
market.  Every  pound  you  put  on  the 
ewes  now  means  profit  in  fattening 
their  lambs;  and  every  pound  you  try 
to  put  on  by  heavy  feeding  after  birth 
means  loss.  If  pasturage  is  at  all  short, 
as  it  is  in  many  places  this  year,  I 
would  feed  them  all  the  green  stuff 
they  needed,  cow  peas,  clover  hay,  sweet 
corn  stalks,,  anything  to  help  keep  them 
in  shape.  If  any  are  inclined  to  be  ail¬ 
ing  or  run  down,  try  a  little  grain  on 
them.  You  will  be  surprised  to  see 
how  much  life  a  few  oats  will  put  into 
a  sheep  that  has  been  worrying,  along 
on  dry,  scant  pasturage.  They  will  come 
pretty  near  living  “on  a  straw  a  day” 
in  hard  times,  but  not  quite.  Now  is  a 
good  time  to  dip  them  if  they  were 
sheared  early.  These  hot  days  are  just 
the  ones  for  drying  them  off  in  good 
shape.  And  by  getting  rid  ol  ticks, 
scab  germs,  etc.,  you  will  be  saving  in 
feed  and  improving  the  quality  of  the 
wool  at  the  same  time. 

Late  pasturing  is  about  the  best  and 
cheapest  way  to  fatten  ewes  and  inci¬ 
dentally  their  lambs.  With  me  it  is  go¬ 
ing  to  help  out  the  very  short  hay 
crop  immensely.  About  the  middle  of 
August  I  began  seeding  five  acres  near 
their  paddock  to  rye,  vetch  and  Cow- 
horn  turnips,  and  shall  keep  up  the 
combination  until  the  middle  of  Sep¬ 
tember.  Then  I  shall  continue  seeding 
to  rye  along  until  the  ground  is  no 
longer  open.  1  shall  have  none  too 
much  either  this  Fall  or  next  Spring.  If 
any  outgrow  the  sheep,  I  know  of  no 
cheaper  green  manuring  for  corn  land. 
So  next  Spring  when  feed  runs  short, 
and  my  lambs  need  to  be  pushed  the 
most,  I  ought  to  have  the  best  of  long 
feed  to  finish  them  off  with.  k.  b. 


THE  POLAND  CHINA  HOGS. 

A  few  years  ago  I  decided  to  start 
with  some  purebred  hogs,  instead  of 
keeping  on  with  the  mixed-up  breeds 
known  as  “just  hogs.”  I  investigated 
and  studied  the  different  varieties  of 
purebred  swine.  I  was  not  very  long 
in  deciding  that  the  Poland  Chinas  were 
the  hog  for  me,  so  I  bought  some 
registered  stock  and  started  out  to  give 
them  a  fair  trial.  The  result  is  I  would 
not  drop  them  to-day  to  take  up  any 
other  breed,  for  I  do  not  think  I  could 
find  a  better  variety,  better  suited  for 
all  purposes,  than  the  Poland  China. 
They  are  easy  feeders,  keep  in  good 
growing  condition  and  fatten  on  less 
feed  than  any  hog  I  have  found.  They 
can  be.  turned  on  good  pasture,  and  little 
other  feed  is  required  to  keep  them  in 
good  shape.  I  hear  some  one  say  they 
are  not  productive,  farrow  but  a  few 
pigs  at  a  litter.  I  have  a  sow  now  due 
to  farrow  October  25  that  is  out  of  a 
litter  of  nine  pigs.  No  later  than  last 
Fall  I  had  sows  farrow  eight  pigs.  Eight 
and  nine  pigs  is  enough  for  any  sow 
to  raise;  if  she  has  more  nine  cases  out 
of  10  one-fourth  of  litter  will  be  runts 
or  under  size. 


What’s  that?  Didn't  some  one  say 
the  Poland  China  is  too  small,  does  not 
make  large  hogs?  Perhaps  some  kinds 
of  them  never  do  get  so  large,  but  the 
kind  I  am  talking  of  are  the  right  kind, 
“big  type,”  the  large  prolific  kind.  I 
know  of  herd  boars  weighing  1,000 
pounds ;  this  size  is  not  so  hard  to  find. 
Sows  will  run  away  up  in  weight  also. 
I  have  a  pig,  a.  gift,  nine  months,  old, 
going  over  200  pounds,  and  only  in  stock 
condition.  Then  I  find  they  carry  a 
small  bone  with  a  large  amount  of 
meat;  take  a  ham  or  shoulder  and  you 
cut  deep  before  you  find  a  bone.  They 
are  noted  for  deep-mea.ted,  fine  hams, 
easy  feeders,  and  the  poor  man’s  hog. 
Tn  conclusion,  I  say  give  the  Poland 
China  a  fair  trial ;  start  with  good  stock 
and  the  right  kind,  and  they  will  not 
disappoint  you.  e.  r.  freeland. 

West  Virginia. 


STOCK  NOTES. 

The  Guernsey  bull,  George  Washington 
of  Fairfield  Farm.  No.  10806.  was  recently 
sold  by  Corydon  Peck,  of  Locke,  N.  Y.,  to 
('has.  ‘P.  Ettlnger,  of  Chicago,  for  $3,500, 
the  highest  price  ever  paid  for  a  Guernsey 
bull.  This  bull  will  be  exhibited  with  Mr. 
Ettinger’s  herd  at  the  National  Dairy 
Show. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  American 
Tunis  Sheep  Breeders’  Association,  held 
at  Russellville,  Ind.,  August  IT.  .1.  N.  Mac- 
Pherson  was  elected  president;  Frank 
Hartman,  vice-president :  Raymond  IT. 
Ilayes,  secretary;  M.  T.  P.owers,  treasurer; 
Nathan  Corson,  chairman  of  executive 
committee.  The  A.  T.  S.  B.  A.  was  or¬ 
ganized  in  1806  with  two'  members  and 
about  a  dozen  sheep.  There  are  now  about 
40  members  and  over  2,000  sheep  recorded. 

Large  Black  ITogs. — On  page  826  .T.  H. 
B.,  of  Ringgold.  Va.,  inquires  about  Mam¬ 
moth  Black  Hogs.  lie  doubtless  means  the 
“Barge  Blacks.”  This  is  a  distinct  English 
breed.  They  are  large,  all  black,  and  have 
a  head  much  like  a  Poland  China.  They 
have  excess  fat  above  and  about  the  tail 
setting,  which  is  a  distinguishing  charac¬ 
teristic  and  makes  a  very  high  tail  setting. 
They  are  prolific  and  good  mothers.  They 
are  a  bit  coarse,  but  good  grazers;  are 
used  quite  a  bit  for  cross  breeding.  They 
are  common  in  Maryland  and  in  some  parts 
of  Virginia.  The  writer  saw  a  herd  of  them 
in  Maryland  last  year. 

H.  C.  AND  H.  B.  HARPENDING. 

R.  N.-Y. — As  mentioned  last  week,  a  black 
pig  society  has  been  formed  at  Lexington, 

Ky. 

Dexter  and  Kerry  Cattle. — A  new  cat¬ 
tle  club  to  promote  this  breed  has  been 
formed.  Prof.  C.  S.  Plumb,  the  secretary, 
thus  describes  the  cattle:  "Among  the 
British  breeds  of  cattle,  that  known  as  the 
Kerry  has  long  been  recognized  as  the  one 
distinctively  Irish.  Its  origin  is  unknown, 
excepting  that  it  undoubtedly  came  from 
early  Irish  cattle  stock.  Some  authorities 
have  thought  the  breed  descended  from  the 
smaller  type  of  prehistoric  ox,  of  which  re¬ 
mains  have  been  found  in  the  bogs  of  Ire¬ 
land.  We  have  no  definite  information, 
however,  on  this  point.  The  present  day 
Kerry  is  black  in  color,  with  no  white,  ex¬ 
cepting  occasionally  about  the  udder  or 
scrotum.  The  head  is  lean  in  character, 
with  black  tipped  horns  that  are  frequently 
up-standing  and  somewhat  wide  spread.  The 
neck  is  inclined  to  be  slender  and  long,  the 
body  is  of  medium  proportions  and  shows 
good  capacity.  The  udder  often  impresses 
one  as  large  for  the  size  of  the  cows.  An¬ 
other  Irish  breed,  called  the  Dexter,  has 
been  by  some  assumed  to  be  a  cross  of  the 
Kerry  and  Devon,  or  Short-horn,  but  there 
is  no  definite  information  on  this  historical 
point.  The  Dexter  is  more  compact  and 
blocky  than  the  Kerry,  is  somewhat  lower 
set,  and  is  usually  black  or  red.  The  Dex¬ 
ter  is  one  of  the  smaller  breeds  of  cattle, 
and  at  maturity  may  not  stand  over  36 
inches  high.  Mature  Kerry  cows  weigh  from 
500  to  600  pounds,  very  often,  and  bulls  800 
to  1.000  pounds.  The  Dexters  weigh  con¬ 
siderably  less.  La  Mancha  Union  .Tack,  a 
very  famous  Dexter  bull,  weighed  but  about 
400  pounds.” 


H  OILSES 


rnn  P  Al  C— Best  six  Mares  in. Beaver  Co  ,  Pa. 
lUn  OHLl  Imported — registered.  Two  Bel¬ 
gians,  four  Percherons.  C.  F.  Mount,  Koppel,  Pa. 


Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
at  farmers’  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Mitldlefiehl,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O, 


STALLION  FOR  SALE  OR  TRADE. 

KUSHIKO,  Trotting  Stallion,  a  first-class  siring 
son  of  Kremlin,  is  offered  for  sale  for  $500,  or  will 
trade  for  a  first-class  “roadster  automobile.”  This 
stallion  has  a  mark  of  2.08,  is  pronounced  sound 
by  Dr.  Edward  Moore  of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  is  guaran¬ 
teed  fearless,  kind  and  gentle  in  all  harness,  and 
has  never  hurt  a  fly.  Particulars  by  letter. 

It.  B.  ANDEltSON. 

Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford,  Conn. 


1HAVE  just 
a  rrived 
fromBelgium, 

France  and 
Germany, 
where  I  pur¬ 
chased  an  ex¬ 
tra  fine  lot  of 

STALLIONS 

and  MARES 

of  the  differ¬ 
ent  breeds, 
which  will  ar¬ 
rive  at  the 

Sharon  Valley  Stock  Farm, 

Newark,  Ohio, 

in  the  next  ten  days.  Will  be  glad  to  welcome  any 
customers  to  the  farm.  Will  also  exhibit  at  all  the 
leading  fairs  in  Ohio,  Pennsylvania  and  West  Vir¬ 
ginia,  where  I  will  be  glad  to  meet  friends  and 
customers.  Col.  G.  W.  CltAWFOltD. 


PAID  HIM  TO  CHOOSE 

SHARPLES 

Tubular  Cream  Separator 

Has  anyone  tried  to  convince  you  that 
disks  or  other  contraptions  are  needed  in 
modern  cream  separators?  If  so,  read  this  : 

West  Ncwtield,  Me. 
The  Sharpies  Separator  Co.: 

The  Tubular  Separator  I  bought  ot 
you  paid  tor  itself  in  six  months  with 
only  six  cows  and  lelt  a  balance  to 
the  credit  o!  the  Tubular  ot  $14.00. 
People  came  to  my  house,  saw  the 
Tubular  at  work,  and  purchased  a 
Tubular  for  themselves;  others  that 
had  separators  of  another  make,  after 
seeing  the  Tubular  at  work  and  the 
ease  with  which  the  bowl  was 
cleaned,  traded  their  separators  for  a 
Tubular.  GEO.  T.  WILSON. 

Geo.  T.  Wilson  personally  appeared 
before  me  and  declared  the  above 
statements  to  be  the  tact. 

Luther  E.  Sanborn,  Justice  of  the  Peace. 

It  paid  Mr.  Wilcon  to  choose  the  Tubular, 
for  Tubulars  have  twice  the  skimming  force 
of  others  and  repeatedly  pay  for  themselves 
by  saving  what  others  lose.  Dairy  Tubulars 
contain  nodisks — weara  lifetime — are  guar¬ 
anteed  forever  by  America’s 
oldest  and  world’s  biggest  sepa¬ 
rator  concern.  You  will  finally 
have  a  Tubular.  Buy  The 
World’s  Best  first.  Save  your¬ 
self  the  expense  of  discarding 
some  cheap  or  complicat¬ 
ed  separator.  Other  sepa¬ 
rators  taken  in  exchange.  Write 
for  free  trial  and  catalog  153, 


THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  COj 

WEST  CHESTER,  1»A. 

Chicago.  IB.,  Sail  Francisco,  Cal.,  Portland,  Ore, 
Toronto,  Can.  Winnipeg,  Can. 


dairy  cattle 

SHELDONCROFT 


J.  T.  RUSSELL,  Prop.  CHAS.  B.  DAYTON,  Supt. 

SILVER  LAKE,  Susq.  Co.,  Pa. 

Pure  Bred  Jersey  Cattle.  Berkshire  Swine. 


WiT,  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somerville  N.  J. 


HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEI N-FRI  ESI  AN  ASS’N  OF  AMERICA 
F.L.  HOU  GHTON.SEC'Y.SOX  105,  BRATTLEBO  RO.  VT . 


DE  K0L  BURKE  BLOOD. 

Will  sell  ONTARIO  COUNT  DE  KOL,  Holstein 
Bull,  half  white,  born  April  25th,  by  America  I)e 
Kol  Burke,  out  of  Bettinn  De  Kol.  Bargain  at  $75, 
f.  o.  b.  CLOVERDALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 


AT  LAUREL  FARM 

we  have  on  hand  some  half-dozen  sons  of  Ferns’ 
Jubilee,  73852,  A.  J.  C.  C.,  frpm  ton  months  down 
to  a  few  days  old.  All  out  of  good  cows.  Discount 
price  for  next  thirty  days. 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N,  Y. 


St®*  Ayrshire  Registered  Cows 

Also  some  Yearlings  and  Calves,  Chester  White 
Pigs  aud  Yearling  Sows.  Address  C.  D.  TOWS, 
P.  O.  Box  32,  Norfolk,  Conn. 


Breed  Up--Not  DownloT™  U«SS’“ 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  R.  F. 
SHANNON,  01)7  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Piirolta  Qtnrlr  Farm_1!e8istered  Jersey  Bulls 
C.UI  end  OlUbn  I  a  I  III  and  Heifers,  G  monthsto  2 
years  old.  Chester  White,  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  Pups  and  a  variety 
of  poultry.  Send  two-cent  stamp  for  circular. 

EDWARD  WALTER,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


DAIRY  CATTLE] 


ROCHROANE  JERSEY  HERD 

FOR  SALE:  YOUNG  SERVICE  BULL 

Born  June  27,  1910.  Solid  Color. 

Sire:  Fontaine’s  Chief — P.  S.  4153  H.  C. 
Dam:  Fontaine’s  Fairy  —  Imp.  241319 
PRICE,  $250  (F.  O.  B.  Irvington,  N.  Y.) 

M.  A.  TRAVIS  (Supt.  for  M.  S.  Beltzhoover) 
Irvington,  New  York. 


AT  FARMERS’  PRICES 

The  well-bred  Holstein  bull  calf,  SPRUCE 
D1CHTER  SIR  W1TKOP.  ono  month  old.  Price, 
registered  and  transferred,  $25. 

Also,  the  young  bull,  SPRUCE  JOHANNA  SIR 
AAGGIE:  ready  for  service.  Price,  with  papers, 
$65.  Color  nearly  white. 

CHESTER  WHITE  PIGS,  registered,  $7  each. 
GEO.  E.  HOWELL, 

Spruce  Farm,  Howells,  N.  Yr. 


On  account  <f  poor  health  I  will  sell  my  entire  herd  of 
registered  Ayrsh  res,  consisting  of  one  2  year  old  bull, 
one  bull  calf,  five  months  old,  nine  cows  from  3  to  8  year 
old.  good  "m  s.  and  three  heifers.  Price  right  to  aquick 
buyer.  J.  A.  DOB  EMUS,  Gladstone,  N.  J. 


[BELTED  HAMPSHIRE 


WELL  MARKED  PICS 


CHAS.  STEWART  DAVISON 
60  Wall  SU,  New  York  City  t 

A 


T  ▼  ▼  v  • 


'V  W  V  T  ▼ 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

...  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


Reg.  P.  Chinas,  Berkshires,  C.  Whites. 


Fine,  large  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 
Pups,  Beagles  and  Poultry.  Write  for 

ovc  T-I  nm  ilt.rm  X;  Pn 


- - i  iijis,  uciiKioa  aim  x  uuni  j  .  d  iitu  lui 

prices  &  circulars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Ercildoun  Pa. 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.^, H°en|JS 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
|  Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Pioprietor,  Marbleriale,  Conn. 


Large  Berkshires  at  Highwood 

Regular  Fall  offering  of  .Service  Boars  and 
of  young  Pigs  in  pairs  and  trios,  not  akin. 

H.  C.  &  H.  B.  Harpentling,  Dundee,  N.  Y.' 


MIRflPQ  THE  BIGf  I>EEF  fellows 

UUflUUO  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 


SHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  E.  BARNES.  Oxford.  N.  Y. 


Ohio  Improved  Chesters — Choice  Boars  for 
Kali  servico  at  bargain  prices.  Pigs  not  akin. 

CROSSROAD  FARM,  Flattsburg,  N.  Y. 


pupoui  R CC-Tlie  nice  thrifty  kind ;  March  Boars 
UnLOnillLO  and  Sows.  Orders  taken  for  Pigs  of 
September  farrow.  G.  E.  Smith,  Castile,  N  .Y. 


CHESTER  WHITES— A  few  Choice  Registered  BOARS 
for  sale.  EUGENE  T.  BLACK,  Scio,  N.  Y. 


J5»  II EEP 


Black-Faced  Highlands  exchange  - 1” 

avoid  inbreeding— 4  P  U  R  E-B  R  E  D  It  A  M  S. 

BESSBORO  FARM,  Westport-on-Lake  Champlain,  New  York. 


RAMS  FOR  SALE 


-Registered  Shropshire 
yearlings  and  two-year- 
olds.  Also,  one  fgur-j ear-old  Hammer  Ram  and 
some  nice  Ram  Lambs.  E.  E.  Stevens  &  Son, Wilson,  N.Y. 


Hirui  AMD  FARM  Offers  some  choice 

shropshires— yearlings 
and  lambs  of  either  sex.  Bred  for  type  and 
quality.  W.  F.  BLACK.  Hall,  N.Y. 


rnn  cii  C— Pure -bred  male  GUERNSEY 
J/iLL  CALF,  Fox  and  Rabbit  Hounds. 
Melvin  Thomas,  R.F.D.,  Wayville,  Sara.  Co.,  N.  Y. 


Millr  Prndirrprc  for  New  York  City  mark 
1"U In.  riUUUtClo  desiring  information  how 


market 
to 

form  brandies  of  the  Dairymen's  League,  write  to 
tlie  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 

Qhrnnehira  Rame  Some  good  ones  at  right  prices. 
Oil!  U|Jollll  C  11  alllb  Flock  contains  English  blood 
from  Cooper,  Thorn,  and  Buttar;  is  well  covered 
and  tight  wooled.  TRAVER  FARM,  Wynantskill,  N.  Y. 


DOG 


pm  I  1C  Dll DQ— From  imported  stock.  Females 

uULLIL  fU  TO  cheap.  Nelson  Bros.  Grove  City,  Pa. 


HAMPSHIRE  DOWNS  iK&S 

ling  Ewes  and  Ewe  Lambs  for  sale;  from  fine  im¬ 
ported  Ram.  AH  registered.  Write  your  wants. 
Prices  right.  W  H.  Crawford,  R.F.D.  No.  10,  Mercer,  Pa. 

CflD  0*1  C  -  REGISTERED  RAM BOUILLET 
rUn  OALt  RAMS;  O.  I.  C.  SWINE. 

C.  W.  HALLIDA Y,  North  Chatham.  N.  Y. 

REGISTERED  SHROPSHIRE  RAMS  S'SeLT! 

Yeoman.  FRED.  VAN  YLKET,  Lodi,  N.  Y. 

Snowcroft  Hampshire  Downs 

150  Rams  and  Ewes  from  best  English  Foundation 
stock.  All  shipments  guaranteed  tts  described. 

DR.  S.  F.  SNOW.  713  University  Block,  SYRACUSE.  N.  Y. 


WITHOUT  Milk 

|  Write  for  Free  Booklet 

'How  to  Raise  Calves  Cheaply  and  Successfully  Without  Milk 


Contains  full  information  and  complete  feeding  directions  for 


using 


Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal— The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute 

Three  or  four  calves  can  be  raised  on  it  at  the  cost  of  one  where  milk  is  fed. 

No  mill  feed  The  only  calf  meal  manufactured  in  an  exclusive  Calf  Meal  Factory 
Established  at  Leicester,  England,  in  1 8QI). 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory,  -  -  Waukegan,  Illinois 


1SH. 


THE  RUHAIi  NEW-VORKER 


©31 


M  I  L  K. 

The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  .$1.61 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  3%  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  2G-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


The  New  l'ork  milk  committee  and  the 
Dairy  Demonstration  Company  have  ac¬ 
cepted  an  invitation  from  the  State  Com¬ 
missioner  of  Agriculture  to  make  an  exhibit 
at  the  State  Fair,  to  be  held  at  Syracuse 
September  11  to  16.  The  Dairy  Demon¬ 
stration  Company  will  show  the  value  of  a 
co-operative  creamery  to  farmers  in  a  single 
neighborhood  through  which  raw  bottle  milk 
which  is  pure  and  not  pasteurized  can  be 
sent  into  this  city  from  a  long  distance 
for  as  low  a  price  as  the  cheapest  milk. 
The  New  York  Milk  Company  will  show 
what  is  being  done  in  the  United  States  in 
establishing  uniform  standards  of  milk  in¬ 
spection  and  the  need  of  interstate  co-op¬ 
eration.  There  will  be  a  reproduction  of  the 
methods  which  have  proved  so  successful 
in  New  York  City  this  Summer  in  reducing 
infant  mortality.  What  is  being  done  in 
other  cities  along  the  same  line  will  also 
be  illustrated. 

How  We  Improved  Our  Herd. 

There  is  no  secret.  The  method  is  free. 
All  must  know  it.  It  has  been  shouted 
from  the  hilltops.  All  the  agricultural 
press  has  been  singing  it  for  years.  The 
institutes  have  preached  it.  the  agricultural 
colleges  have  taught  it.  Then  why  all  these 
poor  cows?  T  read  an  article  a  short  time 
ago  on  “fossilized  farmers.”  I  think  there 
is  the  trouble;  that  and  the  dual  idea. 
Some  people  are  born  lucky.  I  was,  my 
father  is  progressive.  So  was  his  father 
and  grandfather  and  on  the  other  side  of 
the  house  there  were  no  dummies.  So  I 
feel  to  start  with  that  I  am  high  grade  and 
quite  productive.  We  started  weighing, 
testing  and  weeding  in  1S93.  We  moved 
here  in  1891  and  decided  to  go  into  dairy¬ 
ing.  As  there  was  a  corn  canning  factory 
within  a  mile  of  our  place  we  thought 
sweet  corn  would  go  well  with  cows.  The 
farm  as  we  bought  it  contained  150  acres 
with  a  large  variety  of  soil.  I  have  found 
21  different  kinds.  We  brought  seven  head 
with  us  and  all  but  five  of  our  present 
herd  descended  from  one  of  those  original 
cows.  In  the  Winter  of  1892-3  we  bred 
two  cows  to  a  (Guernsey  bull  and  one  of 
the  calves  grew  to  a  cow  that  has  a  record 
of  1,770  pounds  butter  in  four  years.  We 
used  the  best  bred  bulls  we  could  reach 
till  we  could  afford  to  own  one  ourselves. 
Through  no  fault  of  ours  we  came  here 
poor,  which  has  made  it  uphill  work.  Our 
first  bull  “Fernside”  we  kept  till  five  years 
old.  the  next,  “Rupert  of  Pinehurst,”  we 
kept  till  seven,  and  our  present  “Prince  of 
Fernside”  we  have  had  two  years,  all  reg¬ 
istered  Guernseys.  We  have  some  very 
good  cows  and  have  had  to  sell  quite  a 
number  that  did  not  come  up  to  standard, 
but  will  say  that  some  of  the  first  crosses 
produced  400-pound  cows.  At  present  we 
are  milking  nine  heifers  with  first  calf,  and 
two  others  are  fresh  with  second.  We 
cannot  at  present  give  complete  records, 
but  can  give  some  the  first  of  the  year. 
Some  people  don't  believe  in  luck,  but  how 
is  this?  We  have  had  six  cows  calve 
within  two  months  and  five  have  had  heifer 
calves.  In  fact  for  the  last  15  years  more 
than  three-quarter?  of  the  calves  have  been 
heifers.  When  we  came  to  this  place  it 
cut  less  than  30  tons  of  hay.  Last  Winter 
we  wintered  four  horses.  20  cows  and  10 
young  things,  and  had  four  or  five  tons  of 
hay  left  over.  We  could  have  brought  the 
farm  up  quicker  If  we  had  more  working 
Capital.  FERNSIDE  DAIRY. 

Somerset  Co.,  Me. 


Making  High  Scoring  Butter. 

The  following  is  the  way  that  my  product 
is  handled  from  the  time  of  separation  till 
it  is  ready  for  market,  although  I  may  say 
that  good  butter  must  necessarily  start  from 
the  stable,  for  in  my  opinion  no  butter 
maker  can  make  a  first-class  product  from 
poor  quality  of  milk.  After  separating  I 
cool  the  cream  to  60  degrees  or  lower.  We 
will  say  this  is  the  night’s  skimming.  The 
next  morning’s  skimming  is  mixed  with  it 
and  the  temperature  raised  to  from  62  to 
70  degrees  or  even  as  high  as  75  degrees  F. 
This  depends  on  the  amount  and  acidity  of 
the  starter,  which  one  must  learn  by  ex¬ 
perience.  I  have  been  using  sour  cream 
from  the  previous  churning  for  starter,  but 
think  from  now  on  I  will  use  commercial 
starter,  as  a  much  better  flavor  can  be  ob¬ 
tained  in  this  way.  If  the  starter  is  high 
in  acid  either  use  a  small  amount  or  low 


temperature  of  62  degrees.  I  always  keep 
a  thermometer  in  the  cream,  and  if  when 
the  third  skimming  is  added  it  is  too  sour 
I  lower  the  temperature  accordingly.  It 
should  be  only  slightly  acid  at  this  stage, 
but  when  the  fourth  skimming  is  added  I 
like  to  have  it  rather  sour,  and  as  soon  as 
it  is  glossy  and  commences  to  thicken  well 
I  cool  it  to  the  proper  churning  tempera¬ 
ture,  and  hold  it  there  for  several  hours  be¬ 
fore  churning.  Always  keep  the  cream  well 
stirred,  so  that  it  will  ripen  evenly.  The 
cream  should  test  from  30  to  40  per  cent 
butter  fat. 

I  churn  at  temperatures  that  will  require 
30  to  40  minutes.  At  this  time  of  year  I 
generally  have  the  cream  about  54  degrees 
F.  The  cream  should  be  strained  into  the 
churn.  This  will  eliminate  the  trouble  of 
curds  if  there  should  be  any  in  the  cream. 
The  churn  should  not  be  filled  more  than 
one-third  or  one-half  full.  If  more  than 
this  is  put  in  it  requires  too  long  to  churn, 
and  very  likely  a  loss  of  butter  fat.  The 
churn  should  be  stopped  when  the  butter 
particles  are  about  the  size  of  a  kernel  of 
corn. 

In  washing  the  butter  pour  enough 
water  to  help  drain  off  the  buttermilk. 
Then  put  enough  into  the  churn  to  take  the 
place  of  the  buttermilk.  The  temperature 
of  this  water  should  be  from  54  to  58  de¬ 
grees  F.  Now  revolve  the  churn  10  or  15 
times  at  a  good  rate  of  speed,  and  drain 
off  water,  and  salt  to  suit  the  trade  or 
market.  In  salting  I  always  put  a  little 
on  top.  then,  tip  the  churn  so  that  the 
particles  keep  rolling  over.  Keep  salting 
this  way  till  all  the  salt  is  added.  This 
distributes  the  salt  fairly  even  and  saves 
some  working.  Now  put  the  head  back  on 
the  churn  and  turn  till  butter  is  all  gath¬ 
ered.  Never  draw  the  ladle  over  the  but¬ 
ter  ;  always  press  the  brine  out.  Work  it 
till  the  brine  is  fairly  clear.  If  salt  is 
thoroughly  dissolved  or  it  is  at  least  not 
gritty,  pack  it  right  away.  If  it  is  gritty 
let  it  stand  for  a  short  time  and  work  a 
very  little  more.  If  these  temperatures 
are  followed  one  need  not  worry  about  fines 
for  excessive  moisture.  That  is  if  all  other 
conditions  are  normal.  e.  r.  beckwith. 

Tompkins  Co.,  N.  Y. 


As  far  as  selling  butter  at  the  market 
price  is  concerned,  it  is  impossible  with  the 
cows  that  are  kept  by  the  ordinary  farmer 
to  make  a  profit.  In  fact,  he  is  making  his 
product  at  a  loss  with  the  prices  that  have 
prevailed  during  the  last  Summer.  It  has 
come  to  a  point  where,  w-ith  the  dry  sea¬ 
sons  that  have  existed  for  the  past  few 
years,  a  dairynian  has  to  feed  his  cows 
ahout  10  months  out  of  the  year,  which,  of 
course,  increases  the  cost  of  production.  I 
am  selling  my  own  butter,  except  the  sur¬ 
plus,  for  35  cents  per  pound,  in  New  York 
to  private  trade.  I  contract  it  at  this  price 
for  the  year.  I  have  afso  for  the  past  three 
years,  sold  some  cream  and  milk,  which 
does  away  with  some  of  the  surplus  butter. 
The  cream  sells  at  30  cents  per  quart  for 
30  per  cent  test,  and  the  milk  for  five  cents, 
the  milk  being  from  Jersey  cows  testing  on 
an  average  about  5  per  cent.  These 
cows  -will  average  300  pounds  to  350  pounds 
of  fat  per  year,  so  I  can  make  a  verv  good 
profit  at  the  above  prices.  We  have  only 
one  retail  milk  dealer  here,  and  he.  I  think, 
is  getting  six  cents  at  retail.  This  is,  of 
course,  a  very  good  profit.  The  only  way 
left  clear  for  the  farmer,  as  I  see,  is  to  keep 
better  cows,  raise  more  Alfalfa  and  produce 
a  better  quality  »f  product.  Put  up  some 
butter  in  small,  fancy  packages,  go  to  the 
city  near  you  or  some  better  marker,  if  pos¬ 
sible,  and  hand  out  a  few  to  hotels,  res¬ 
taurants  and  private  families.  It  won’t 
break  you,  and  tt  may  moan  the  building 
up  of  a  good  trade.  Work  for  it  first  and 
thon  it  will  como  to  you.  You  don’t  nooes- 
sarily  have  to  put  your  butter  up  in  prints. 
I  don’t  with  ;nv  of  mine  any  more.  I  use 
small  spruce  tubs  and  pressed  paper  pack¬ 
ages  of  five  and  10  pounds  each.  Some  like 
it  in  10-pound  pails,  and  that  is  the  way 
they  get  it.  Do  anything  to  please  your 
trade,  and  don’t  be  afraid  to  ask  the  price 
for  it.  My  customers  all  pav  their  own  ex¬ 
press.  There  are  plenty  of  people  who  don’t 
care  so  much  for  the  price,  but  they  want 
the  goods,  and  they  must  be  right. 

Ludlowville,  N.  Y.  e  a  p 


Water  Supply  for  Barn. — On  page  817 
H.  B.  S.,  of  Montrose,  Pa.,  asks  about  a 
water  supply.  Four  years  ago  I  put  in  a 
supply  to  my  barn.  I  piped  three  springs 
together  in  one  cement  tank  7x7x7  feet, 
then  put  windmill  65  feet  from  it  over  a 
dry  well,  and  raised  the  water  15  feet 
through  1%-inch  pipe,  then  forced  It 
through  li^-inch  76  rods  and  about  80  feet 
higher  Into  another  cement  tank.  8x12x9, 
and  it  is  all  done  with  a  40-foot  mill,  8-foot 
fan,  and  did  not  cost  me  $300  for  material 
all  told.  Labor  was  done  entirely  by  my 
self  and  men  on  farm,  and  has  not  cost  me 
a  cent  since.  h.  f  f. 

Peru,  N.  .Y. 


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same  time  by  feeding  Dried  Brewers 
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THE  UNADILLA  SILO 

IS  THE  SENSATION  OF 
THE  AGRICULTURAL  WORLD 

Because  it  has  an  adjustable  door 
front  to  and  from  doors. 

Because  no  hammer  is  needed  to 
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Rayo  lanterns  give  the 
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is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
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832 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


September  1G, 


EXPERIENCE  WITH  A  SILO. 

When  the  corn  is  about  knee  high  we 
plant  Soy  beans  with  a  common  hand 
corn  planter.  A  variety  best  adapted  to 
our  latitude  is  planted  between  the  stalks 
of  corn.  This  makes  the  beans  about 
12  inches  apart.  Where  the  corn  is 
missing  the  beans  are  planted  closer. 
The  corn  binder  gives  the  most  success¬ 
ful  way  of  harvesting  the  corn.  The 
machine  is  set  so  that  it  will  bind  the 
bundles  as  small  as  possible.  Two  men 
go  with  each  low-down  wagon  and  lift 
the  bundles  on  the  wagon.  Last  year 
the  men  in  the  field  said  they  would  like 
to  try  cutting  the  corn  by  hand  and 
loading  on  the  wagon  as  they  cut  it, 
but  after  about  two  hours  of  that  kind 
of  work  they  unanimously  appealed  for 
the  corn  binder  to  be  put  to  work 
again.  Our  silo  is  12x26,  with  a  five- 
foot  cement  pit.  It  is  by  experience 
that  we  secure  knowledge,  and  now  we 
see  our  silo  is  too  large  in  diameter  for 
the  amount  of  cattle  we  feed.  We  feed 
from  18  to  23  head,  but  we  eventually 
hope  to  have  more  cattle.  The  silo 
should  have  been  blit  10  feet  in  diam¬ 
eter  and  the  staves  30  feet.  This  size 
would  permit  feeding  over  the  entire 
surface  in  one  day. 

Several  persons  have  inquired  about 
the  condition  of  the  silage  in  the  ce¬ 
ment  portion.  The  cement  part  is  10 
inches  thick  and  has  no  bottom  save 
mother  earth.  It  was  constructed  with 
a  view  to  being  air  and  waterproof, 
which  it  is.  The  silo  stands  on  a  slight 
elevation,  and  the  bottom  of  the  silo  is 
higher  than  the  surrounding  earth,  and 
from  this  fact  we  are  not  bothered  with 
water  in  the  silo.  Since  the  cement  wall 
is  airtight  little  or  no  silage  is  ever 
spoiled. 

Too  much  cannot  be  said  in  favor  of 
the  silo.  It  is  the  only  economical 
method  of  caring  for  the  corn  crop.  By 
no  other  means  will  the  cattle  consume 
all  the  corn.  When  fodder  is  shredded 
stock  leaves  much  of  the  stalk,  which  is 
wasted  and  must  be  worked  into  ma¬ 
nure,  which  is  a  slow  process  and  makes 
the  manure  hard  to  handle.  When  the 
cob  and  corn  are  ground  up  together  it 
makes  a  very  dry  feed,  and  not  nearly 
so  large  a  per  cent  is  digestible  as 
when  cut  up  green  and  put  in  the  silo. 
When  through  filling  the  silo  if  we  do 
not  intend  to  begin  feeding  at  once  we 
never  place  anything  on  top  of  the 
silage  to  prevent  molding  as  the  time 
consumed  taking  off  does  not  pay  for 
the  small  amount  of  silage  saved. 

To  get  best  results  for  Summer 
feeding  the  stock  man  should  have  twe 
silos,  one  for  Summer  feeding  and  the 
other  for  Winter  feeding.  We  do  not 
have  our  silo  divided  but  feed  half  off 
one  side  down  about  20  inches,  then  feed 
the  other  side  off,  alternating  back  ar.d 
forth.  One  farmer  in  our  section  who 
has  two  silos  and  feeds  out  a  bunch 
of  steers  each  Winter  makes  the  asser¬ 
tion  that  by  silaging  his  corn  he  gets 
$1.50  per  bushel  for  it.  Such  assertions 
seem  rather  ridiculous  and  a  great 
many  times  such  things  are  guesswork 
and  the  farmer  has  kept  no  accounts 
and  does  not  know  definitely  but  as¬ 
sumes  and  compares  and  takes  for 
granted,  but  there  is  no  doubt  the  silo 
is  an  economical  asset,  though  we  are 
not  quite  sure  that  it  pays  any  such 
handsome  profits.  When  the  value  of 
the  silo  becomes  more  thoroughly  un¬ 
derstood  larger  numbers  of  them  will 
be  erected,  and  the  farmers  and  farm 
profited  thereby,  ira  G.  shellabarger. 

Miami  Co.,  Ohio. 


Feeding  Problems. 


Will  you  advise  me  which  of  these  two 
rations  *  will  be  best  for  dairy  cows,  or 
better  still,  balance  a  ration  for  me? 
Ration  No.  1. 


Corn  and  cob  ground  together 

Oats,  ground  . 

Wheat,  ground  . 

Cotton  seed  meal . 

Ration  No.  2. 


50% 

20% 

20% 

10% 


Corn  shelled  and  ground .  60% 

Oats,  ground  .  15% 

Wheat,  ground  .  15% 

Cotton-seed  meal  .  10% 


100% 

These  rations  are  supplemented  with  pea 
hay,  silage  and  all  the  stover  they  will 
eat.  J.  m.  w. 

Virginia. 

Of  the  two  rations  you  mention  there 
is  but  little  to  choose  between  them,  ex¬ 
cept  that  the  first  contains  corn  and  cob 


meal,  and  I  would  prefer  to  omit  the 
cob,  as  a  cow’s  digestive  energy  can  be 
used  to  better  advantage  by  feeding 
more  nourishing  food.  I  would  suggest 
the  following  formula  with  which  you 
can  feed  all  the  stover  your  cows  will 
eat : 

Digestible 


Dry 

Pro- 

Carb. 

matter 

tein 

and  fat 

35 

lbs.  silage .  7.35 

.315 

4.515 

10 

lbs.  pea  hay....  8.93 

1.079 

4.18 

2 

lbs.  cottonseed  meal  1.84 

.744 

.888 

2 

lbs.  ground  oats..  1.78 

.184 

1.136 

2 

lbs.  ground  wheat.  1.80 

.204 

1.46 

3 

lbs.  eornmeal .  2.67 

.237 

2.292 

24.37 

Nutritive  ratio  1  :5.2. 

2.763 

14.471 

Of  course  the  amounts  given  above 
are  only  approximate,  and  must  be  va¬ 
ried  to  suit  the  requirements  of  the  dif¬ 
ferent  cows  to  which  the  ration  is  fed. 

C.  S.  G. 


Unthrifty  Pigs. 

I  have  a  lot  of  pigs  which  are  thriftless 
and  do  not  grow.  They  eat  heartily  and 
are  pot-bellied,  as  we  say  in  these  parts. 
What  shall  I  do  for  them?  I  feed  on  a 
mixture  of  bran  and  middlings,  and  have 
recently  added  eornmeal.  Can  it  be  pos¬ 
sible  that  they  have  worms?  s.  G. 

Maryland. 

The  lack  of  thrift  in  these  pigs 
is  due  either  to  improper  feeding  or  to 
worms  of  stomach  or  bowels.  The  pres¬ 
ent  ration  seems  all  right,  so  the  pigs 
should  be  treated  for  worms  and  given 
a  tonic  for  a  time  till  they  get  thrifty. 
Wood  ashes,  salt  and  iron  sulphate  are 
mixed  with  the  feed  and  given  pigs 
with  good  results.  One-third  of  a  tea¬ 
spoonful  of  santonin  morning  and  even¬ 
ing,  followed  by  a  dose  of  oil  or  salts, 
should  prove  effective.  Watch  these 
pigs  closely  and  you  may  find  exactly 
what  their  trouble  is,  enabling  you  to 
doctor  them  effectively. 

Ohio.  W.  E.  DUCKWALL. 


Stock  and  Poison  Ivy. 

In  your  issue  of  August  12  is  a  descrip¬ 
tion  of  how  to  destroy  poison  ivy  by  pastur¬ 
ing  cows  on  it.  In  this  section  we  do  not 
notice  that  any  kind  of  stock  desire  to  eat 
it,  and  we  are  quite  sure  we  have  had 
lambs  killed  by  it,  not  by  eating  it,  but  by 
it  poisoning  their  faces  so  completely  as 
eventually  to  cause  death.  The  Ohio  Ex¬ 
periment  Station,  Circular  3  02,  recommends 
strong  salt  brine,  three  pounds  to  gallon  of 
water,  thoroughly  sprayed  on.  They  re¬ 
port  poison  vine  failed  to  grow  the  next 
Spring  after  two  good  sprayings.  They  re¬ 
port  salt  has  proved  the  best  spray  thus 
far  tested  for  Canada  thistle,  poison  ivy, 
yarrow  and  horse  nettle.  The  spray  used, 
viz.,  three  pounds  of  salt  to  the  gallon  of 
water,  and  50  to  75  gallons  per  acre,  is  not 
expensive.  An  application  of  this  solution 
by  a  sprinkling  pot  to  a  bunch  of  ivy 
turned  the  leaves  brown.  This  for  general 
information.  H.  C. 

f'adiz,  Ohio. 


Garget. 

My  cow  is  five  years  old,  came  fresh  in 
April,  but  had  trouble  with  her  udder  cak¬ 
ing,  and  gave  some  bloody  milk.  I  bathed 
it  with  warm  water  and  got  her  over  it. 
Every  few  days  she  will  give  a  little  bloody 
milk,  and  it  seems  to  hurt  her  to  be  milked. 
I  have  to  put  a  strap  around  her  to  milk 
her  .  She  runs  in  the  apple  orchard,  but 
does  not  get  many  apples,  for  they  are 
scarce ;  has  good  water  given  her  every  day. 
She  gives  four  gallons  a  day,  is  a  Jersey 
grade.  J.  M.  w. 

Ohio. 

Keep  the  cow  out  of  the  orchard  until 
her  udder  is  sound.  Feed  carefully  and 
prevent  chill  and  bruising  of  udder.  At 
times  of  attack  give  half  an  ounce  of  salt¬ 
peter  in  the  drinking  water  once  daily. 
Foment  the  udder  with  hot  water  three 
times  a  day  and  then  rub  in  melted  lard. 
If  trouble  persists  mix  a  dram  each  of  fluid 
extracts  of  poke  root  and  belladonna  leaves 
to  each  ounce  of  lard  used.  A.  s.  A. 


Foot  Rot. 

What  do  you  recommend  as  a  cure  for 
hoof  ail?  T  have  had  three  cows  troubled 
with  it.  I  keep  them  apart  from  the  dairy. 
They  go  down  in  the  milk  yield.  The  foot 
is  sometimes  feverish.  What  can  I  do  for 
the  cows  and  prevent  the  spread  of  it?  I 
have  heard  that  lime  scattered  in  the  barn¬ 
yard  would  prevent  it.  Is  that  so?  c.  F. 

New  York. 

By  “hoof  ail”  we  take  it  that  you  mean 
“foul  in  the  foot.”  or  “foot  rot.”  in  which 
disease  the  cows  are  lame  and  there  are 
sores  and  discharging  cracks  about  the 
hoof-lmad  and  between  the  toes.  Keep  the 
cows  out  of  filth,  wet  and  grit.  Cleanse 
the  parts.  Cut  away  loose  or  under-run 
horn  of  hoof,  then  swab  with  a  saturated 
solution  of  sulphate  of  copper  and  cover 
sores  with  oakum  saturated  in  full  strength 
coal  tar  disinfectant.  Repeat  this  treat¬ 
ment  for  three  days,  then  cover  sores  with 
calomel,  to  be  kept  in  place  by  a  layer  of 
oakum  on  which  a  little  pine  tar  has  been 
spread.  Bandage  on  top  of  the  oakum. 
Lime  will  not  prevent  the  trouble. 

A.  s.  A. 


Cow  with  Cough. 

I  have  a  cow  in  good  condition  as  to 
flesh,  good  milker,  but  has  a  cough. 

New  York.  n.  n.  p. 

Cough  is  merely  a  symptom  of  irritation 
and  may  be  induced  by  any  one  of  a 
large  number  of  different  causes,  so  that  we 
cannot  give  an  opinion  as  to  what  is  the 
matter.  As  tuberculosis  is  a  common 
cause  and  the  most  serious  cause  of  cough, 
better  have  the  cow  tested  with  tuberculin. 

A.  s.  A. 


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Catalog  “  E Free,  upon  request. 

DAIRY  SPECIALTY  CO.,  Trust  Bldg.,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


GREEN  MOUNTAIN  SILOS 

Write  TODAY  for  Booklet  to 
CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MANUFACTURING  CO 
338  West  St.,  Rutland,  Vt. 

n  1  TrilT  SECURED  OR  FEE  RETURNED. 

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FARNHAM  &  SUES,  Atiys.,  548  F.  S«., Washington,  D.C. 

FORYOU-THE  BEST 


mm* 


W CROP  INSURANCE  IS 
IfAN  IHC  MANURE  SPREADER 


TO  secure  the  best  results,  manure  must  be  Spread  with 
a  machine,  because  fork-spreading  wastes  manure, 
wastes  time,  wastes  energy,  and  wastes  opportunities 
for  increasing  the  income  which  a  farm  is  capable  of  yielding. 

In  progressive  communities  you  will  find  that  most  of  the 
manure  spreaders  in  use  bear  the  I  H  C  trade-mark.  Pro¬ 
gressive  farmers  take  no  chances  on  their  crop  insurance. 
They  want  absolute  assurance  before  they  decide. 

Before  they  bought  I  H  C  manure  spreaders,  they  found 
thqt  they  were  simple  in  design— unusual  in  strength — and 
remarkably  efficient.  *• 

They  found  the  power  transmitting  mechanism  the  most 
durable  used  on  any  machine,  because  the  beater  gear  was 
held  in  a  single  casting  which  prevented  the  gears  from  spring¬ 
ing  out  of  alignment  and  cutting  the  teeth.  They  found  that 
the  long,  square,  chisel  pointed  teeth  insured  positive  pulver¬ 
izing  of  all  manure;  that  the  teeth  were  long  enough  to  tear 
the  manure  to  pieces  before  it  wedged  against  the  bars;  that 
the  teeth  did  not  rim  the  bars;  that  the  beater  was  large  enough 
in  diameter  so  it  did  not  wind.  They  found  that  the  rollers 
which  supported  the  apron  were  large,  that  the  apron  moved 
easily;  and  that  self-aligning  roller  bearings  on  the  main 
drive  axle  not  only  reduced  the  draft  but  prevented  the  axle 
from  binding,  and  cutting  the  axle  brackets,  a  fault  not  un¬ 
common  to  spreaders. 


IHC  . 

Service  Bureau 

The  purpose  of 
this  Bureau  is  to 
furnish  farmers 
with  information 
on  better  farming. 
If  you  have  any 
worthy  question 
concerning  soils, 
crops,  pests,  fer¬ 
tilizer,  etc.,  write 
to  the  IHC  Serv¬ 
ice  Bureau,  and 
learn  what  our 
experts  and  others 
have  found  out 
concerning  these 
subjects. 


Kemp  20th  Century 
Corn  King  Cloverleaf 

You  have  choice  of  these  three  styles.  Each 
style  is  made  in  several  sizes  to  meet  every 
condition. 

Don’t  plant  another  crop  before  you  see  the 
IHC  local  dealer.  Let  him  tell  you  all  the 
facts.  Let  him  point  out  the  many  advan¬ 
tages  of  an  I  H  C  spreader.  Pick  out  the 
one  that  suits  you  best.  Get  catalogues  from 
him,  or,  if  you  prefer,  write  direct  for  any 
information  you  desire. 

International  Harvester  Company 
of  America 

(Incorporated) 

Chicago  - USA 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


933 


The  Henyard. 


Come  Mrs.  Hen,  get  busy, 

Don't  wait  so  long  this  Fall, 
To  get  yourself  a-going, 

_  And  sound  your  welcome  call. 
Start  in  before  Thanksgiving, 
Don't  dawdle  through  the  year, 
No  time  to  take  vacation 

When  new-laid  eggs  arc  dear. 

Say,  Mr.  Man,  you  tire  me, 

Get  busy  once  yourself. 

You  think  I’m  going  to  hustle 
While  you  sleep  on  the  shelf? 
Come — fit  me  up  a  parlor 
And  set  a  table  rare 
And  then  I’ll  think  it  over. 

And  possibly  get  there. 


An  Egg  Talk. 

In  Extension  Bulletin  No.  8,  of  the  Ohio 
State  University,  Columbus,  Prof.  C.  S. 
Plumb  gives  an  interesting  talk  on  egg 
marketing.  The  first  point  discussed  is  the 
size  of  eggs.  Investigation  of  an  ordinary 
case  of  store  eggs  showed  some  so  large 
that  a  dozen  weighed  30%  ounces,  others 
26%,  and  some  so  small  that  they  weighed 
only  21%  ounces.  A  case  of  the  large 
ones  would  weigh  57  pounds,  3  ounces, 
while  the  same  number  of  the  small  size 
would  total  only  40  pounds,  12  ounces.  In 
the  cut.  Fig.  363,  this  discrepancy  is  shown, 
and  it  would  seem  as  though  eggs  should 
be  sold  the  same  as  beef,  by  weight. 

Another  point  is  to  have  the  eggs  clean. 
“Dirties”  are  always  quoted  25  to  40  per 


BY  THE  DOZEN  OR  POUND  ?  Fig.  363. 


cent  lower  in  the  markets.  Where  feasible 
it  is  better  to  sort  the  eggs  as  to  color, 
making  solid  cases  of  white  and  brown. 
Eggs  of  odd  shape  should  be  left  out.  This 
sorting  as  to  color  will  often  make  a  dif¬ 
ference  of  two  or  three  cents  a  dozen.  In 
small  mixed  flocks  it  would  not  be  possible 
to  get  full  cases  of  one  color  unless  there 
were  some  form  of  neighborhood  co-opera¬ 
tion,  as  in  Denmark.  There  the  egg  indus¬ 
try  is  carefully  managed.  The  eggs  are 
gathered  from  farms  and  taken  to  the  city, 
where  they  are  carefully  examined  and 
sorted  before  selling.  In  this  way  the  farm¬ 
ers  know  just  how  the  eggs  are  handled 
and  are  able  to  guarantee  their  quality  to 
consumers. 


Anconas  and  Leghorns. 

How  do  the  Anconas  compare  with  Leg¬ 
horns  in  hardiness  and  egg  production? 

s.  H.  M. 

Both  are  Mediterranean  breeds,  and  as 
breeds  go  are  equally  good  layers.  In  hardi¬ 
ness,  the  Leghorns  being  more  numerous  and 
longer  bred  in  this  country,  have  the  advan¬ 
tage.  It  is  more  a  matter  of  strain  than 
of  breed,  the  Leghorns  having  the  advantage 
because  there  are  more  strains  of  hardy 
birds  and  heavy  layers  to  choose  from. 

K.  B. 


taken  in  mating  to  keep  up  the  vigor  of  the 
birds,  and  not  sacrifice  it  for  any  especial 
feature,  as  coloring  or  heavy  laying.  Taking 
this  point  into  consideration,  line  breeding 
ought  to  give  you  a  more  satisfactory  and 
uniform  lot  of  birds.  r!  b. 


Cracked  or  Whole  Corn. 

I  have  a  friend  who  has  been  reading  that 
cracked  corn  is  much  better  feed  for  egg 
production  than  whole  corn.  Is  that  so, 
and  if  so,  can  it  be  explained?  If  not,  so 
(as  I  believe)  can  the  reiteration  of  the  de¬ 
lusion  be  explained.  e.  l. 

No.  Truro,  Mass. 

When  corn  is  cracked  there  is  no  change 
in  it  that  would  make  it  better  for  laying 
hens,  Vxcept  that  it  keeps  the  hens  busier 
hunting  for  it  in  the  litter.  As  a  matter  of 
fact,  when  cracked,  corn  loses  some  of  its 
feeding  value,  through  the  evaporation  of 
oils  and  other  food  compounds  in  the  layer 
next  to  the  outside  skins.  It  also  dries  out 
much  more  quickly  and  is  more  liable  to 
spoil  and  mould.  The  laying  hen  is  per¬ 
fectly  able  to  digest  whole  corn,  and  when 
possible  I  would  feed  it  that  way.  r.  b. 


Bedbugs  in  Henhouse. 

ITow  can  I  rid  a  henhouse  of  bedbugs? 
I  have  one  or  two  of  my  poultry  houses 
overrun,  with  that  pest ;  do  not  know  how 
they  got  there ;  perhaps  on  a  piece  of  old 
lumber.  I  have  sprayed  them  every  week 
with  kerosene  and  carbolic  acid,  but  there 
are  lots  of  them  left.  Would  fumigating 
with  sulphur  or  any  other  thing  kill  them 
and  rid  the  house  of  them  for  good? 

Connecticut.  j.  c.  i. 

Carbolic  acid  and  kerosene  will  help  to 
keep  them  down,  but  when  bedbugs  are  so 
plentiful,  fumigating  with  sulphur  is  cheap¬ 
est  and  best.  Take  all  the  movable  fixtures, 
roosts,  nests,  etc.,  out  and  burn  them.  Seal 
up  all  cracks  and  openings  possible.  Put 
three  to  four  pounds  of  flowers  of  sulphur 
in  a  dish  for  a  house  12  feet  square,  add  a 
little  wood  alcohol,  and  light  with  a  match. 
Shut  the  house  up  tight  and  leave  it  so  for 
at  least  eight  hours.  r.  b. 


Grain  Ration  for  Chicks, 

Here  is  a  question  for  the  hen  men.  I 
have  asked  this  question  more  than  once 
in  poultry  papers,  but  have  never  been  able 
to  get  a  satisfactory  answer.  How  much 
grain  per  day  would  you  feed  to  200  chicks 
three  months  old  that  have  dry  masli  in 
hoppers  before  them  all  the  time?  The 
answer  has  always  been,  “What  they  will 
eat  up  clean.”  What  I  want  to  know  is 
somewhere  near  the  amount  in  quarts.  Is 
it  five,  10,  20  or  more?  F.  p.  briggs. 

For  growing  chicks,  three  months  old,  a 
mixture  of  five  pounds  grain  to  one  pound 
beef  scraps  per  day  for  every  hundred 
pounds  of  chicken  ought  to  be  enough  ;  200 
chickens  at  this  age  ought  to  average  2% 
pounds  apiece,  and  total  500  pounds.  This 
gives  25  pounds  grain  to  five  pounds  beef 
scraps  as  their  daily  feed.  Of  the  25 
pounds  grain  you  can  feed  a  mixture  of  five 
pounds  bran  and  five  pounds  wheat  mid¬ 
dlings  with  the  beef  scraps  as  a  dry  mash 
in  the  hopper.  The  balance  of  15  pounds 
may  be  cracked  corn,  which  in  this  mixture 
would  be  cheapest.  This  places  the  esti¬ 
mate  at  eight  to  10  quarts  of  grain  per  day, 
depending  on  the  breed  of  chicks  and 
amount  of  range  they  have.  r.  b. 


On  March  10  I  purchased  153  S.  C. 
White  Leghorn  eggs  from  a  nearby  farmer. 
From  these  eggs  I  hatched  40  weak  chicks, 
all  of  which  soon  died.  On  April  28  I  set 
300  more  eggs,  hatching  180  chicks.  Of 
these  I  now  have  162.  I  also  have  20 
chicks  about  four  weeks  old.  These  chicks 
have  cost:  setting  eggs,  $20 ;  food,  $24.30; 
total.  $44.30.  e.  C  h 

Itushville,  N.  Y. 


Feeding  Beef  Scraps. 

What  is  the  proper  way  of  feeding  beef 
scraps  to  the  chickens?  Is  it  harmful  to 
give  beef  scraps  to  fowls  as  much  as  they 
want,  and  have  it  before  them  all  the  time? 

Claremont,  N.  H.  h.  b. 

Where  the  chickens  are  on  free  range  and 
used  to  it,  I  would  feed  beef  scraps  in  a 
hopper  and  keep  it  before  them  all  the  time. 
When  they  are  not  used  to  it,  I  would  feed 
beef  scraps  to  them  a  little  at  a  time  in  a 
box  trough  until  they  were  used  to  them, 
and  would  not  overeat.  Sometimes  it  is 
more  convenient  to  feed  scraps  in  a  dry 
<>r  wet  mash.  For  laying  hens  five  parts 
by  weight  of  grain,  ground  or  whole,  to  one 
part  of  beef  scraps  is  about  right.  After 
chicks  are  three  days  old.  I  make  it  a  prac¬ 
tice  to  keep  beef  scraps  bfore  them  all  the 
time  until  they  are  grown.  R.  B. 


‘•Line  Breeding”  of  Poultry. 

What  is  you  opinion  of  the  following, 
taken  from  “The  Philo  System,”  “Breeding 
in  Line” ;  “Line  breeding  is  to  use  our 
stock  and  not  to  introduce  new  blood  with¬ 
out  a  knowledge  of  what  it  will  produce. 
Inbreeding  is  generally  practiced  to  start 
line  breeding,  although  it  is  not  the  proper 
way  for  best  results,  especially  in  breeding 
utility  stock,  as  the  vitality  is  weakened  to 
a  certain  extent,  requiring  several  years  to 
overcome  the  bad  effects.  Our  way  to  start 
line  breeding  is  to  get  eggs  or  stock  from 
(wo  poultry  men  who  are  separated  by  as 
many  miles  as  possible.  The  birds  are  not 
as  likely  to  be  related  as  those  from  near¬ 
by  poultry  yards;  and  should  they  be  re¬ 
lated,  the  fact  that  they  have  been  bred 
under  different  conditions  of  climate  etc., 
will  render  them  of  nearly  as  much  value 
as  birds  not  related.  You  will  then  carry 
two  distinct  strains  and  may  use  the  male 
birds  from  one  side  to  cross  with  the  fe¬ 
males  of  the  other  side.  After  the  first 
cross  it  may  be  necessary  to  cross  first 
cousins,  which  is  not  considered  inbreeding, 
and  this  will  produce  stock  that  is  more 
'ikel.v  to  inherit  the  good  qualities  of  its 
ancestors.” 

Is  this  a  practical  thing  to  do?  J.  s. 

Ulster  Co.,  N.  Y. 

This  plan  has  long  been  used  in  the  mak¬ 
ing.  of  new  breeds  and  in  developing  heavy 
laying  strains  by  careful  poultrymen.  It  is 
most  important  that  you  begin  with  strong, 
healthy  birds  and  breed  only  from  the  most 
vigorous  offspring.  Great  care  must  be 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
"square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


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X  Faints 
Si  Fianos 

3  Organs 

4  Trunks 
C  Roofing 

6  Vehicles 

7  Furniture 

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10  Typewriters 

11  Grocery  List 

12  Feed  Cookers 

13  Tank  Heaters 

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16  Building  Flans 


17  Baby  Carriages 

18  Men's  Fur  Coats 

19  Sewing  Machines 

20  Gasoline  Engines 

21  Cream  Separators 

22  Building  Material 

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24  Underwear  Samples 
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26  Bicycles— Motorcycles 

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30  Women's  Fashion  Book 

31  Raincoats— Mackintoshes 

33  Men's  Clothing 

34  Women's  Furs 


Tn  ri~,r.  Each  of  these  books  Is  nicely 
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It  tells  you  how  to  lay  Steel  Roofing, 
shows  all  the  most  practical  designs  and 
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cheapest  to  buy. 

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Keep  (loss 


A  DIPPING  TANK  OR  A  HOG  WALLOW 

WITH 

KRESO  DIP  N2.I 


WILL  DO  THE  WORK 

THERE  IS  NO  EXCUSE  FOR  LOUSY  MANGY 
UNTHRIFTY  PIGS.  IF  YOU  HAVE  SOME 
OF  THIS  KIND  YOU  WILL  FIND  IT  WORTH 
WHILE  TO  GET  OUR  CIRCULAR  ON 
TANKS  AND  WALLOWS.  IT  TELUS 
HOW  TO  MAKE  THEM  OF  CEMENT 

KRESO  DIP  N2I 

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ABOUT  ALL  LIVE  STOCK 
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AND  OTHER  SKIN  DISEASES-. 

TO  DISIN  FECT.  DEODORIZE, 
CLEANSE  Sc  PURIFV. 

ALL  OF  THESE  USES  FULLY  DESCRIBED 
IN  OUR  BOOKLETS.  WRITE  FOR  COPIES 
ASK  YOUR  DRUGGIST  FOR  KRESO  DIP  NO.I 


PARKE, DAVIS  a  CO., 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  Roe  guarantee  editorial  page. 


SAVE  HALF  Your 
Paint  Bills 

By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT  — proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 
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Tells  all  about  Paint  and  Painting  P*  Durability. 
How  to  avoid  trouble  and  expense  caused  by  paint* 
fading,  chalking  and  peeling.  Valuable  information 
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IT  NOW.  I  can  save  you  money. 

0.  W.  Ingersoll,  246  Plymouth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.V. 


'YX/'E  offer  for  Sale  about  250  Pure-bred  S.  C. 
White  Leghorn  Yearling"  Breeding"  HENS. 

These  are  some  of  our  best  birds  and  are  sold  only 
to  make  room  for  Pullets.  Price  from  $1.25  to  $4.00. 
Maple  Glen  Poultry  Farm,  MilJerton.  N.  Y. 


''At  once  if  you  wish  stock  from  our  “mammoth 
utility  strain  of  heaviest  layers  and  the  most  suc¬ 
cessful  and  probably  the  best  known  egg  farm  on 
Long  Island.  "Quality”  prices  not  considered — 
M  moving  prices  are.  THORN  EHAVEN  POUL¬ 
TRY  FARM,  Shelter  Island  Heights,  N.  Y. 


ouuu  Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 
nglit  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  best  selections.  Largest  success, 
fwl  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 

S.C.W.  LEGHORNS  Hens  for  Sale 

Suitable  for  foundation  stock.  $1.00  each  in  lots  of 
100  or  more.  Small  lots.  $2.00  each. 

Yearling  Cocks,  Early  Cockerels  and  Pullets. 

MOUNT  PLEASANT  FARM,  HAVRE  DE  GRACE,  MD. 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pnllets  and  Cock¬ 
erels;  any  quantity  at  attractive  prices:  bred-to-lav 
k»nd, _ SUNNY  HILL  FARM.  Fleminoton,  N.  J. 

FOR  SAIF~Sink',e  Comb  B«ff  leghorns 

*  .  L11  (hens);  also  Indian  Runner  Ducks; 

$1.00  apiece  up,  CHAS.  C.  RODNEY,  Hartly,  Del. 

700  **'  LEGHORNS— Annual  Sale  of  Thor- 

Tf  UU  onghl.red  Yearlings  and  Two-Year-Olds. 
B.  Dilts,  Maple  Spring  Farm,  Flemington,  N.  J. 


Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  .May  return  at  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  Southold,  Suffolk  Co.,  N.  Y. 


THE  FARMER  S  FOWL — Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
j  free.  1HOS.  WILDER,  Route],  Richland,  N.  Y. 


INDIAN  RUNNER  BOSB-SSi  jb  JSfc 

Price,  $l.o0  each;  $5.00  for  three  Dueksand  a  Drake. 

E-  FllANKLIN  KEAN,  Stanley.  N.  Y. 


Mammoth  Pekin  Ducks  and  Drakes 

for  sale  at  reasonable  prices  to  quick  buyers.  Alton 
strain.  Write  your  wants. 

White  Spring;  Poultry  Farm,  Geneva.  N.  Y. 


BARRFD  ROfKS  white  rocks, 

D.A1Y1YE.1S  ALfLIYO  PARTRIDGE  WYAN- 
DOTTES,  PARTRIDGE  COCHINS.  We  have  a 
fine  lot  of  youngsters.  Prize-winning  strain. 
MINCH  BROS.,  Route  3,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 


- Wjl  1  IKVUIIS,  iiaies,  Vw.  line.  IXIIUU  Uiiib- 

trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 


P  fl  1 1 1  T  R  Y  M  F  N~I>on  *  fail  t0  secure  Stock  and 

■  UULI  II  I  III  L II  Eggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 
.EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS.  Marietta,  Pa. 


EVERY  LOUSY  HEN 

is  losing  real  money  for  you.  You  ean’6 
expect  your  lice-infested  hens  to  havo 
vitality  enough  left  to  produce  eggs. 
Every  egg  you  DON’T  got  is  so  much 
money  lost.  Bulletin  No.  33,  sent  free  to 
anyone,  tells  “  How  to  Keep  Vermin 
Away  Permanently,’’  saving  monthly  ex¬ 
penses  for  Whitewash,  Kerosene,  Insect 
Powders,  Lice  Killers,  etc.  Write  us  today 
CARB0LINEUM  WOOD  PRESERVING  CO. 
181  Franklin  Street. New  York  City 


Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  we  have 
more  than  doubled  the  size  of  our 

INCUBATION  PLANT 

past  customers  have  already  engaged  space  for 
next  season  equal  to  the  entire  number  of  eggs  we 
handled  last  year.  We  print  this  notice  not  to 
hurry  you  in  giving  us  your  order,  but  to  give  you 
the  opportunity  to  avoid  disappointment. 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM. 
Millerton,  New  York 


MAKE  HENS  LAYH 

more  eggs;  larger,  more  vigorous  chicks; 
heavier  lowls,  by  feeding  cut  bone. 

liAIIU’C  latest  model 
171 A  nil  O  BONE  CUTTER 

_  cuts  fast,  easy,  fine;  never  dogs. 

1 10  Days*  Froo  Trial.  No  money  in  advance.  Book  free. 

SF.  W.MANN  CO.,  Box  1 6,  MILFORD,  MASS,  m 


-Milk- Fed  Chickens- 

Grow  more  rapidly  than  “the  ordinary  kind.”  Are  healthier,  plumper  and  better  layers. 

They  make  the  better  quality  of  meat  and  sell  at  the  highest  prices. 

You  can  raise  milk-fed  chickens  with  less  than  one-half  the  expense  of  feeding  them  milk  if  you  feed  them 

BLATCHFORD’S  CALF  MEAL 

(  The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute  for  Raising  Calves) 

Endorsed  by  thousands  of  our  customers  who  raise  chickens. 

One  pouitryman  says:  "The  greatest  snap  in  chicken  raising  1  ever  heard  about.” 

Get  full  particulars  today  at  your  dealers,  or  address 

Blatchford’s  Call  Meal  Factory  (Established  1800)  Waukegan,  Illinois 


034 


THE  RURaL  NEW-YORKER 


September  16, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 

E.  G.  Lewis  says  that  The  R.  N.-Y. 
has  caused  him  a  loss  of  $2,000,000, 
which  is  another  way  of  saying  that  it 
has  saved  that  amount  to  his  intended 
victims.  His  idea  of  profit  is  the  amount 
he  can  collect  from  the  people  on  fake 
and  fraudulent  schemes.  Such  schemes 
cannot  prosper  in  the  light  of  publicity, 
but  no  honest  business  can  be  destroyed 
by  dishonest  criticism. 

Lewis  has  done  everything  he  could 
to  hurt  and  discredit  The  R.  N.-Y.  for 
two  years  past.  He  has  influenced  his 
minions  to  write  its  advertisers  to  per¬ 
suade  them  to  cancel  their  advertising 
in  it.  He  has  had  them  send  com¬ 
plaints  to  the  Post  Office  Department; 
and  he  has  told  lies  enough  to  fill  a 
book.  But  he  has  not  cost  a  dollar  of 
loss  to  The  R.  N.-Y.  On  the  contrary, 
it  was  never  as  prosperous  as  it  has 
been  during  the  time  that  Lewis  has 
abused  it.  Isn’t  it  strange  that  we 
should  cause  him  so  much  loss  by  sim¬ 
ply  telling  the  nature  of  his  schemes, 
while  all  that  he  can  say  or  do  only- 
increases  the  profits  of  The  R.  N.-Y. 
and  public  confidence  in  it? 

The  Post  Office  authorities  have  given 
notice  that  so-called  puzzles  appearing  in 
certain  newspapers,  inserted  by  some  piano 
manufacturers,  are  not  genuine,  and  that 
the  newspapers  containing  the  puzzles  can¬ 
not  legally  be  sent  through  the  mails.  The 
nature  of  these  puzzles  varies,  but  the 
usual  advertisement  offers  a  large  prize  for 
the  “best”  or  the  “nearest”  solution  of  a 
puzzle  the  answer  to  which  is  fairly  ob¬ 
vious.  The  persons  who  send  in  the  answers 
are  usually  disappointed  and  find  that  the 
award  of  the  prize  is  contingent  upon  con¬ 
ditions  that  they  had  failed  to  consider 
part  of  the  contract. 

The  Chicago  Tribune  recently  called  at¬ 
tention  to  a  case  of  a  woman  in  Michigan 
who  sent  in  an  answer  to  a  puzzle  in  an 
advertisement  of  a  Chicago  piano  concern. 
She  received  a  letter  telling  her  that  her 
solution  was  correct,  and  that  she  would 
receive  a  .$200  “prize  coupon”  and  a  dia¬ 
mond  ring.  She  was  invited  to  call  to 
receive  the  prize.  She  spent  $7  to  get  to 
Chicago  and  there  found  that  the  “prize 
coupon”  represented  a  discount,  so  named 
from  the  purchase  price  of  a  piano  which 
she  was  urgently  advised  to  buy  on  easy 
terms.  In  this  case,  says  The  Tribune,  $7 
was  all  the  money  the  woman  had  and  it 
took  that  to  buy  her  railroad  ticket.  Her 
family  was  without  food  as  a  result  of  the 
effort  to  get  a  “prize”  that  was  found  not 
to  exist. 

The  decent  daily  press  which  makes 
no  pretense  of  guaranteeing  the  reli¬ 
ability  of  their  advertisers  refuses  to  be 
a  party  to  these  fake  prize  puzzle  offers. 
What  can  be  said  of  the  farm  paper 
publisher  who  make  the  strongest  claims 
about  the  protection  of  his  subscribers 
and  yet  carries  this  class  of  advertising 
in  the  columns  of  his  paper? 

More  power  to  the  postoffice  authori¬ 
ties  who  are  making  this  kind  of  swin¬ 
dling  more  dangerous ! 

The  excellent  little  monthly,  “Glean¬ 
ings  in  Bee  Culture,”  gives  its  readers 
the  following  wholesome  advice  in  the 
September  issue: 

When  an  agricultural  paper  or  any  other 
periodical  publicly  invites  a  subscriber  to 
purchase  stock  in  his  enterprise,  give  him 
a  wide  berth.  A  gold-mining  enterprise  that 
invites  vou  to  go  in  with  it  and  “get  rich, 
does  not,  at  the  present  day,  get  many  suck¬ 
ers  to  bite — or  at  least  I  hope  not :  but 
when  the  editor  of  a  respectable  magazine, 
or  one  that  has  been  considered  respectable, 
talks  about  the  great  fortunes  to  be  made 
in  the  publishing  business,  and  wants  you 
to  go  in  with  him,  and  share  the  profits,  it 
is  time  that  such  parties  be  let  severely 
alone  by  every  man.  and  woman  of  common 
sense. 


I  enclose  herewith  a  bill  for  .$38.50 
against.  E.  O.  Peterson,  Montrose,  X.  Y., 
for  2,000  privet  plants,  shipped  him  May  2. 
1911.  which  I  have  been  unable  to  collect.  | 
I  wrote  him  five  times,  also  drew  on  him 
With  no  results.  L.  c.  N. 

Pennsylvania. 

Mr.  Peterson  makes  no  reply  to  our 
demands  for  settlement  either.  When 
he  seeks  to  buy  nursery  stock  or  any¬ 
thing  else  from  R.  N.-Y.  readers  in 
the  future  he  will  undoubtedly  be  met 
with  a  polite  request  for  cash  in  ad-  j 
vance. 

I  saw  Rice  Bros.,  Geneva.  N.  Y„  named 
in  your  paper  recently.  I  want  to  tell  you 
and  other  people,  too,  how  they  served  me. 
Last  Fall  they  sent  me  a  nice  letter  asking 
me  to  deliver  some  nursery  sto'ck  for  them 
the  following  Spring.  I  signed  their  con¬ 
tract  to  deliver  their  trees ;  all  went  well 
until  the  shipment  came.  They  had  trees 
consigned  to  a  farmer  that  had  gone  into 
bankruptcy  and  lost  his  farm  and  every¬ 
thing.  Tiie  farmer  notified  Rice  Bros,  to 
this  effect  in  ample  time  to  stop  the  ship¬ 
ment  :  they  paid  no  attention  to  this :  they 
told  me  to  resell  the  trees.  This  I  tried  to 
do  at  a  discount,  as  they  had  advised,  but 
found  no  one  that  wanted  them.  In  set¬ 
tling  up  with  them.  I  sent  them  all  the 
money  collected  and  told  them  I  would 
take  these  trees  for  my  commission.  Post¬ 
age  and  the  freight  bill  I  had  paid  in  ad¬ 
vance.  To  this,  they  made  no  reply  until 
about  three  months  afterward  I  received  a 
letter  from  a  collecting  agency  asking  why 
1  had  not  delivered  these  trees.  I  told  them 
they  kept  very  poor  record  of  things,  or 


they  would  know  why  I  had  not  delivered 
the  trees,  and  also  that  the  trees  were  here 
at  their  command,  and  at  this  late  hour 
I  would  not  accept  the  trees,  but  wanted 
them  to  remit  my  commission,  freight,  etc. 
To  this  they  made  no  reply.  The  shipment 
was  small  and  very  much  scattered  through 
the  country  ;  had  to  drive  several  miles  to 
complete  the  delivery,  and  only  was  to  get 
six  per  cent,  for  collecting,  which  only 
amounted  to  .$1.50.  I  would  say  to  any¬ 
one,  upon  being  asked  to  deliver  stock,  not 
to  touch  it  for  less  than  15  or  20  per  cent. 
I  would  like  you  to  get  the  .$1.50  from  them. 

Pennsylvania.  h.  r. 

The  only  reply  Rice  Bros,  make  in 
reply  to  the  above  is  in  effect  that  they 
notified  this  subscriber  that  his  offer  to 
take  the  trees  consigned  to  the  bank¬ 
rupt  farmer  in  lieu  of  commission,  was 
accepted.  If  so  we  don’t  see  the  occa¬ 
sion  for  annoying  letters  from  the  col¬ 
lection  agency.  But  the  point  we  want 
to  emphasize  is  the  policy  of  this  con¬ 
cern  in  not  accepting  the  cancellation  of 
the  order  even  when  they  knew  the 
farmer  was  a  bankrupt.  The  man  who 
had  contracted  to  deliver  the  trees  was 
expected  to  dispose  of  them  somehow, 
and  pay  for  them.  We  hope  this  is 
not  the  policy  pursued  by  agency  nur¬ 
sery  houses  generally,  but  this  sub¬ 
scriber’s  experience  illustrates  the  wis¬ 
dom  of  being  cautious  about  contract¬ 
ing  to  deliver  stock  of  houses  doing 
business  of  this  basis. 

What  can  you  toll  me  about  West  Side 
Dog  Exchange,  779  Eleventh  Ave.,  New 
York  City?  Some  time  ago  we  received  a 
letter  from  them  in  reply  to  one  which  I 
wrote  stating  that  they  paid  from  .$5  to 
.$100  for  a  good  puppy,  and  if  we  would 
ship  they  could  tell  better,  but  would  pay 
full  value.  We  accordingly  sent  to  them 
by  Adams  Express  two  Boston  terrier  pups, 
and  up  to  the  present  time  we  have  re¬ 
ceived  not  a  cent  for  them,  nor  have  they 
been  kind  enough  to  reply.  E.  c.  n. 

Massachusetts. 

We  spent  considerable  time  to  get  set¬ 
tlement  for  these  puppies,  but  without 
avail.  The  West  Side  Dog  Exchange  is 
as  prolific  in  excuses  and  explanations, 
which  don’t  explain,  as  the  “gyp”  horse 
dealers  with  which  New  York  City  is 
infested.  At  one  time  the  manager 
claimed  he  returned  the  puppies  by  ex¬ 
press,  but  when  pressed  for  express  re¬ 
ceipt  failed  to  produce  it.  The  experi¬ 
ence  of  this  subscriber  suggests  the 
necessity  for  repeating  the  advice:  Don’t 
ship  anything  of  value  to  any  house  or 
individual  until  you  have  made  sure  of 
the  financial  responsibility  of  the  .person 
or  firm. 


Get  Our  Booklet — It  Tells  How 
Manure  Actually  Produced  $2.35 
per  Load  the  First  Year  Spread 
with  a  SUCCESS. 


JOHN  FRAZEUR  tells  how  he  made  $840.00 
in  one  season  with  a  Success.  Spreaders  do 
hard  work.  Cheap  machines  made  of  pine 
and  iron  lose  money,  give  trouble  and  die 
Boon. 

Success  frames  are  second-growth  white 
ash  and  oak,  mortised,  bolted  and  trussed — 
double  sills  through  the  middle. 

Only  Spreader  made  having  a  beater 
that  slides  back  out  of  the  load  when 
thrown  into  gear — no  strain  on  the  ma¬ 
chine  or  the  horses  when  starting. 

Axles,  cold-rolled  steel — three  times  the 
Strength  of  common  steel.  Special  wheels  of 
great  strength — wood  or  steel . 


lAioESElIfiHTER 
DfiAFTTEANOl 

Seven  sets  of  roller 
bearings —  others 
have  two.  Every  main  working  part  is 
fitted  with  roller  bearings.  Success  roller 
bearings  are  made  of  cold-rolled  steel — k 
.  others  use  cast  or  malleable  iron  for , 
kthe  cages.  Success  roller  bearings 
are  true — they  insure  all  the^ 
^shafting  running  in  per¬ 
fect  line. 


THE  LIGHTEST  DRAFT  MANURE 
SPREADER  MADE  AND  MOST 
DURABLE 


Patented  Steel  Brace  from  Cylinder 
to  Main  Axle. 

Others  brace  to  the  spreader  box .  All  driving 
parts  compensating.  Pressure  of  the  load  is 
against  the  cylinder,  while  the  drive  chain 
pulls  forward,  forcing  the  gears  together.  No 
lost  motion — no  getting  out  of  mesh.  The 
Success  is  the  only  spreader  having  these 
valuable  features. 

The  Success  spreader  uses  a  steel  pinned 
drive  chain.  It  withstands  the  strain  of 
frozen  manure  and  obstructions  in  the  load. 


Write  for  FREE  SPREADER  BOOK  No.  S-33 

JOHN  DEERE  PLOW  CO. 


MOLINE.  ILLINOIS 


u 


V  A 


The  Correct 
Principle  in 

Stalls  and  Stanchions 


Nearly  every  stall  and  stanchion  on  the  market  is  fairly 
well  constructed.  But  the  principle  is  different.  The 
“Star  Line, ’’for  instance,  is  different  in  a  dozen  exclusive 
ways  from  any  other  made.  It’s  the  only  practical 
adjustable  stall  for  any  size  cow  or  bull.  It’s  the  only 
unit  system  stall — so  that  you  can  buy  one  at  a  time  or 
more  at  no  extra  expense.  Aligns  cows  evenly  at  drop. 


STALLS  «  STANCHIONS 


are  not  only  made  the  best  way  high  grade  mechanics 
can  make  them  and  of  the  very  best  materials,  but 
they  are  made  after  the  only  correct  principle.  Cows 
cannot  poke  heads  through  the  wrong  opening.  No 
cows  standing  in  gutters  to  worry  the  milk  inspector.  Quickest  stanchion  to  lock 
and  open.  Most  comfortable  and  humane  for  your  stock. 

Star  (H.  H.C&F.)  Litter  and  Feed  Carriers  are  the  standard  on 
the  foremost  of  modern  farms.  Investigate  these  labor  saving, 
money  saving  devices.  Equipped  with  roller  bearings — many 
new  features. 

PLANS  and  Draw  a  rough  layout  ot 
CATALOG  y°ur  barn  arrangement. 


FREE 


THf 


send  it  to  us  with  your 
name  and  address  and  get  free  a  plan  and 
estimate  showing  how  you  could  pay  for 
“Star”  Equipment  out  of  what  you  save  on 
a  hired  man’s  pay.  Write  today 
HUNT-HELM-FERRIS  &  CO. 

134  Hunt  Streat  -  -  Harvard,  Ill. 


,  *  STAR 
h/TTEHCARff/CfA 


HU 


Your  Cows  Need  Comfort 


Give  it  to  them  with  Louden’s  Sanitary  Stalls  and  Stanchions"! 

You i  will  be  repaid  over  and  over  by  the  increase  of  both  quantity  and 
quality  of  milk  and  the  satisfaction  of  having  a  barn  equipped  with 
the  most  economical,  and  up-to-date  sanitary  barn  equipment  made. 
Louden  8  Steel  S(all9  are  madoof  tubular  steel.  Simple,  strong  and 
practically  indestructible.  Once  installed  they  are  there  for  a  life¬ 
time.  They  afford  ample  ventilation,  light  and  perfect  sanitation. 
They  have  no  flat  surfaces  to  catch  and  hold  dirt.  Made  for  either 
cement  or  wooden  floors. 

Louden's  Stanchions — are  the  perfect  stanchions,  affording  the  cow 
almost  the  same  freedom  when  feeding  or  Bleeping  as  if  free,  yet 
keeps  them  perfectly  lined  up  at  all  times.  Catch  is  easily  opened 
with  gloved  hand,  yet  is  completely  “cow  proof. ”  Made  entirely  of 
steel.  No  wood  to  harbor  dirt, — no  sharp  corners  to  injure  cows. 

The  Louden  Electro  Galvanizing  Process  with  which  we  finish 
Louden  Equipment  when  desired,  adds  greatly  to  the  appearance  and 
durability  of  the  equipment.  It  is  a  perfect  coating  of  pure  zinc, 
the  best  preventative  of  corrosion  known,  applied  by  special  process', 
which  is  far  superior  to  the  ordinary  hot  process  galvanizing. 
Investigation  before  equipping  your  barn  may  save  you  disappoint¬ 
ment.  It  is  cheaper  to  put  “LOUDEN  QUALITY’*  in  your  barn  at 
first,  than  to  experiment  with  inferior  equipment.  Write  for  catalog 
of  modern  labor  and  mone>«saving  barn  equipment, 

LOUDEN  MACHINERY  CO.  601  Broadway  Fairfield,  la. 


linn**  Pll*  Hilt  -A  SHOE  BOIL,  CAPPED 
UOn  I  bill  UU1  HOCK  or  BURSITIS  FOR 


ORBINE 


will  remove  them  ard  leave  no 
blemishes.  Cures  any  puff  or 
swelling.  Does  not  blister  or 
remove  the  hair.  Horse  can  be 
worked.  $3.00  per  bottle  delivered. 

Book  6  E  free 
ABSORBINE,  JR.,  liniment 
for  mankind.  For  Boils,  Bruises, 

Old  Sores,  Swellings,  Goitre, Varicose 
Veins,  Varicosities.  Allays  Pain. 

Price  $1  and  $2  a  bottle  at  druggists  or  delivered. 
Will  tell  more  if  you  write.  Manufactured  only  by 

W. F.Y0UNG,  P.D.F..  88  TempleSt.,  Springfield, Mass. 


NEWTON’S  HEAVE 


COUGH,  DISTEMPER  I  D  ET 

AND  INDIGESTION  VUlVt 

The  Standard  Veterinary  Remedy. 


w 

M 


Sound  Horses 

made  and  kept  sound  the  world  | 
over  by 

)UINN’S 

OINTMENT 

Note  the  sign.  Price  #  1 .00  per  | 

Bottle.  Of  druggists  or  by  mail. 
Testimonials  free  for  the  asking. 

W.  B.  Eddy  &  Co.,  Whitehall.  N.T, 


MINERAL 
HEAVE 

yjHk  REMEDY 


IEGLECT; 
VillRuin 
our  Horse" 

end  today  for 
only  . 

ER  MAN  ENTif) 


SAFE 

ERTA1N 


$3  PACKAGE 

will  cure  any  case  or 
money  refunded. 

$1  PACKAGE 

cures  ordinary  cases. 
Postpaid  on  receipt  of  price.  J 
Agents  Wanted 

Write  for  descriptive 
booklet 


[ineral  Heave  Remedy  Co. ,461  Fourth  Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa. 


’C  SPAVIN 


KENDALLS  CURE 


—-has  saved  thousands  of  dollars 
and  thousands  of  horses.  The  old 
reliable  cure  for  Spavin,  Ring¬ 
bone,  Splint  or  any  lameness. 

For  sale  at  all  druggists.  Price  _ 

$1  per  bottle,  6  for  $5.  "Treatise  on  the  Horse" 
free  at  druggists  or  write  to  Dr.  B.  J.  KENDALL,  I 
qOJIPA.NY,  Enosburg  Falls,  YU,  C.  8.  A.  5| 


Makes  the  horse  sound,  stay  sound 

DEATH  TO  HEAVES 

The  first  or  second  $1.00  can  cures  Heaves.  The  third 
can  is  guaranteed  to  cure  or  money  refunded. 
$1.00  per  can  at  dealers,  or  express  prepaid. 

THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO.,  Toledo.  Ohio 


Q5  and  Upward 

AMERICAN 


SEPARATOR 


FREE  TRIAL.  FULLY  GUARANTEED. 

Easy  running.  Easily  cleaned. 

_  _  Whether  dairy  is  large  or  small, 

obtain  ourhandsomefreccatalog.  Address  . 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO.  bain  b*r?  p  g  ff.  v. 

STEEL  WHEELS 

(Low-Down) 

to  fit  your  farm  wagon, 

is  the  combination  that  makes 
you  look  and  feel  like  an  Up- 
To-Date  farmer.  You  can  do 
more  work  without  being  so  tired, 
and  you  can  do  so  much  of  your 
work  alone  with  the  Low-Down 
Steel  Wheels.  Ask  for  free 
Catalogue  of  Instructions. 

Havana  Metal  Wheel  Co. 
Box  17  Havana,  Ill. 


CLARK-S  CIDER 

FARMERS*  _  ‘  , 

FAVORITE  MILLS 

arc  simple,  strong,  durable, 
and  easy  to  clean:  give  perfect 
satisfaction.  Produce  greatest 
results  with  tiie  least  effort 
from  same  amount  of  fruit 
than  any  others.  Send  today  for 
free  Booklet  with  prices,  etc. 

CUTAWAY  HARROW  CO. 
839  Main  St.,  Higganum,  Conn. 


1911. 


THE  RUKAb  NEW-YORKER 


036 


Crops  and  Markets 

Wholesale  Prices  at  .New  York, 

Week  Ending  September  8,  1911. 


BUTTER 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 26  ffi  .27 


Good  to  Choice . 23  @  .25 

tower  Grades  .  : . is  @  .22 

State  Dairy,  best . 24  ©  .25 

Common  to  Good . 15  @  .23 

Factory.: . 14  ®  .20 

Packing  Stock . . 16  ©  .18$£ 


Elgin,  111.,  butter  market  firm  at  26  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery.  27  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  28  cents. 
CHEESE 


Full  Cream,  best . 12  ©  .1316 

Common  to  Good . 09  @  .11 

Skims . 05  @  .10 

EGGS 

White,  good  to  choice . 28  ®  .34 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 26  @  .27 

Common  to  Good . 20  @  .24 

Western,  best . 22  ©  .25 

Under  grades . 14  @  .20 

Checks  and  dirties . 11  ©  .14 

BEANS 

Marrow,  100  lbs .  4.00  ©  4.50 

Medium .  4.00  ©  4.35 

Pea .  3.90  @4.20 

Yellow  Eye .  3.50  ©  3.55 

Red  Kidney . 5.60  ©  6.00 

WhiteKidney . •. . 5.00  ®  5.20 

Lima,  California .  6.60  ®  6.65 

HOPS 

Prime  to  Choice . 41  ffi  .42 

Common  to  Good . 38  @  .40 

Pacific  Coast . 40  @  .42 

DRIED  FRUITS 

Apples,  evap.,  choice . . 10J6©  11 

Common  to  good . 08  @  .10 

Waste . 07  ©  .07% 

Cherries . 14  ©  .18 

Raspberries . . . 31  @  .32 

FRESH  FRUITS 

Apples,  Wealthy,  bbl . 2.00  @3.00 

Alexander .  2.50  ©  3.50 

Wolf  River  .  2.50  @  3.50 

Twenty  Ounce .  2.50  ®  3.00 

Maiden  Blush . 2.00  ©  2.50 

McIntosh .  2.00  ©  3.00 

Gravenstein .  2  00  ©  3  00 

Duchess .  2.00  ©  3.00 

Nyack .  2.00  @  3.00 

Orange  Pippin .  1,50  @  2.00 

Fall  Pippin .  2.00  @  3.25 

Windfalls,  bbl . . . 1.00  @1.50 

Various,  hS-bbl.-bkt . 75  @1.25 

Crabapples,  bbl .  2.00  @  6.00 

Pears.  Seckel,  bbl .  2.50  ©  4.00 

Flemish  Beauty,  bbl .  1.50  ©  2.25 

Bartlett,  bbl .  2.25  ©  4.25 

Clapp’s .  3.00  @  4.50 

Kleffer,  J^-bbl . 30  ffi  .55 

Peaches,  Up-river,  bkt . 30  ffi  .75 

Western  N.  Y.,  bkt . 35  ©  .80 

W  Va..  carrier .  1.00  @  1.25 

Del.  and  Md.,  carrier  .  1.25  @  1.75 

Del.  and  Md..  bkt . 40  ©  .90 

Jersey,  carrier .  1.25  @  1.75 

Jersey,  bkt . 40  ©  .90 

Pine  Island,  bkt . 35  @  .75 

Muskmelons,  Colorado,  crate .  1.25  @  3.00 

Maryland,  crate . 50  ©  1.50 

Jersey,  bkt . 25  ©  .70 

Watermelons.  Southern,  carload . 90.00  ©150.00 

Cranberries.  Cape  Cod,  bbl .  4.50  ©  6  50 

Plums,  8-ib.  bkt . 10  @  .28 

Grapes,  Moore’s  Early.  18-lb.  case  ...  .40  @  .55 

Champion . . . 40  @  .50 

Delaware . 60  @  .65 

Niagara . 40  ffi  .70 

VEGETABLES 

Potatoes,  Jersey,  bbl .  2.75  @  3.00 

Maine,  bag .  2.75  ©  2.80 

Long  Island,  bbl .  2.75  @  3.00 

Sweet  Potatoes,  bbl .  2.00  @  3.75 

Beets.  100  bunches .  1.00  ffi  1.50 

Carrots,  bbl .  1.00  ©  1.25 

Cabbage,  Long  Island,  bbl . x...  .50  @  1.25 

Cauliflowers,  L.  I.,  bbl .  1.00  ©  2.00 

Sweet  Corn,  choice.  100 .  1.50  @  1.75 

Common  to  Good . 75  @  1.25 

Cucumbers,  bbl . 50  @  1.25 

Pickles,  bbl . 75  @1.50 

Celery,  Jersey,  bunch . 10  @  .35 

1/ettuce, !6-bbl.  bkt . 25  @  .75 

Chicory  and  Escarol,  bbl . 25  @  1.00 

Peppers,  Jersey,  bbl . 75  ©  1.25 

Horseradish.  100  lbs .  3.00  ©  5.00 

Okra.  Jersey,  bpbu . 25  @  .30 

Onions,  Long  Island,  bbl . 2.00  ffi  2.25 

Orange  Co.,  bag . 2.00  ©  2.50 

Jersey,  bu . 75  @  1.25 

Conn.  Yellow,  100-1  b.  bag .  1.00  ©  1.75 

Peas.  State,  bu . 76  ©  2.00 

Radishes.100  bunches . 75  ©  1.25 

String  Beans,  bu . 50  @  1.00 

Lima  Beans,  potato,  bu . 50  @  1.00 

Flat  kinds . 35  @  .60 

Spinach,  bbl .  1.00  @  1.50 

Squasn.  Marrow,  bbl., . 50  ©  .75 

Crook  Neck,  bbl . 60  ©  .75 

Turnins.  Rutabaga,  bbl . 75  @  .90 

■White,  bbl .  1.00  ©  1.50 

Egg  Plants,  Jersey,  bbl . 75  ©  1.25 

Tomatoes.  Jersey,  box . 25  ©  .75 

Up-River,  bu . 30  @  .60 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Chickens,  Broilers,  lb . 14  ©  .15 

Fowls..  . 14  ©  .15 

Roosters . 09  @  .10 

Ducks . . . 12  @  .13 

Geese . 10  ffi  .11 

Turkeys . 12  ffi  .13 

Guineas,  pair . 60  © 

DRESSED  POULTRY— FltESH  KILLED 

Turkeys.  Spring,  best . 25  'ffi  .30 

Old  Common  to  Good . 12  @  .13 

Chickens,  choice  broilers,  lb .  21  ©  23 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 18  ffi  .20 

Fowls .  14  @  .17 

Spring  Ducks,  lb . 14  ©  .16 

Squabs,  doz .  1.00  @  3.50 

DRESSED  POULTRY-FROZEN 

Turkeys,  best . 22  ©  24 

Chickens,  milk-fed  roasters . 18  ©  .22 

Corn-fed  roasters . 16  ©  .18 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Uay.  new  No.  1,  ton . 24.00  ©  25.00 

No.  2 . 22.00  @  23.00 

No.  3 . 17.00  ©  20.00 

Clover  Mixed . 16.00  ©  22  00 

Clover . 15.00  ©  18.00 

Straw,  Rye . 14.00  ffi  16.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 8.U0  ©  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs .  4.75  @  7.30 

Bulls . 3.00  ffi  4.35 

Cows .  1.25  @  4.75 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs .  7.00  @10.00 

Culls  . 5.00  ffi  6.00 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 2.50  @  4.U0 

Lambs .  4  75  ffi  7.00 

Hogs .  7.00  ©  8.00 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1.  Northern  Spring .  1.13  ffi 

No.  2,  Red . 98  ©  .. 

No.  2  Hard  Winter . 1.02  @ 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 70  ffi  .74 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 45  @  .49 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 90  ffi  .92 

MILL  FEED— CAR  LOTS 

Spring  Bran,  ton .  23.60  ffi  25.50  ’ 

Standard  Middlings .  28.00  ffi  31.00 

Red  Dog .  31.00  @  32.00 

Hominy  Chop .  25.00  ©  26.70 

Linseed  Meal .  37.00  @  37.50 

Com  Meal .  27.00  ffi  28.00 


COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  11.60 

Middling  Gulf .  11.85 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  11.10 

Good  Middling .  11.95 

WOOL 

NewYork  Fleeces,  Fine,  unwashed . 19  ffi  .20 

Ohio  half  blood  combing . 25  ©  .26 

Kentucky,  three-eighths  blood . 24  ©  .25 

Michigan,  half  blood . 24  @  .24J6 

TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadleaf-flller . 08  ©  .10 

Fine  wrappers . 60  @  75 

N.  Y. State  Fillers . 05  @  .06 

Fine  and  Selections . 12  ffi  .16 

Ohio.  Zimmer  s  Spanish . 19  @  .20 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 07%®  .09 

Dark  Leaf . 10  ffi  .20 

Bright  Cutters . 12  ffi  .30 

Penn,  broad  leaf  fillers . 10  @  .12 

CHICAGO  . 

Butter,  creamery . 22  @  .26 

Eggs,  good  to  prime  firsts . 15  @  .1816 

Live  Turkeys . 10  @  .14 

Fowls . 12  ©  13 

Chickens . 13  @  .14 

Potatoes,  bbl . 3.00  @  3.75 

Apples,  bbl . 1.00  @  3.00 

Sheep,  100  lbs  . 2.40  @  3.80 

Lambs,  100  lbs . 4.25  ©  6.20 

Hogs . 7.20  @  7.75 

BUFFALO 

Butter,  creamery . 27  @  .28 

Eggs,  State .  .20  @  .24 

Live  Chickens . . 15  @  .16 

Fowls  . . 14  @  .15 

Potatoes,  bbl . 3.00  @  3  35 

Calves,  live,  100  lbs . 5.50  @10.00 

Sheep.  100  lbs . 1.50  @  3.75 

Lambs,  100  lbs . 4.00  @  7.00 

Hogs . 6.75  ©  7.75 

Wheat,  No.  2,  Red .  ©  .92 

Corn . 67  @  .68 

Oats . 44  @  .46 


Boston  Markets. 

On  Tuesday,  September  5,  the  largest 
amount  of  produce  ever  brought  into 
Boston  in  one  day  was  placed  on  the 
market.  This  was  well  cleaned  up  by 
Wednesday  noon,  the  surplus  or  extra 
supply  being  needed  to  replace  what  had 
been  used  up  on  Sunday  and  Labor  Day. 
The  prices  were  fairly  satisfactory,  ex¬ 
cept  in  cases  of  low  grade  goods,  which 
always  go  slow  and  cheap.  Meat  prices 
are  stiff.  Beef  and  hogs  same  as  last 
week  on  the  average  ;  dressed  hogs  being 
close  to  10  cents  a  pound  wholesale. 
Veals,  dressed,  brought  13  to  15  per 
pound;  Iamb,  11  to  13;  chickens,  17  to 
22,  dressed.  Apples  in  good  supply  and 
mostly  fair  quality ;  best  Gravenstein, 
$1.50  per  bushel;  McIntosh  Bed,  $1.25; 
good  common  stock,  from  $1  down  to  65 
and  75  cents ;  best  Bartlett  pears  as  high 
as  $2  per  bushel,  and  this  grade  is  short ; 
poor  kinds  more  plentiful,  and  go  from 
50  cents  to  $1.  Peaches  plenty  at  from 
60  cents  to  $1.50  per  basket,  according 
to  size  and  condi tioa.  Wild  grapes  go 
slow  at  $1.25  to  $1.50  per  bushel.  Not 
ready  to  use  them  much,  as  many  are 
not  home  from  Summer  resorts,  but  will 
arrive  in  large  numbers  this  week.  But¬ 
ter  is  easy  at  23  to  2S  cents  wholesale ; 
25  to  32  cents  retail.  Eggs  are  in  fair 
supply  and  strictly  fresh,  retail  for  38 
and  40  in  most  localities.  Cauliflower 
not  in  much  as  yet.  Cabbage  have 
dropped  to  75  cents  a  barrel,  or  four  to 
six  cents  when  sold  loose.  Squashes  go 
at  from  75  cents  to  $1  per  barrel  and 
are  not  being  sent  in  very  heavy  just 
at  present.  Peppers  go  at  50  and  75 
cents  per  bushel,  a*  7  sell  a  little  slow. 
Cucumbers  are  a  little  improved  at  from 
50  cts.  to  $1  per  bushel.  Corn  goes  well  at 
50  to  65  cents,  and  good  is  not  plenty. 
Tomatoes  are  dropping,  bringing  only  50 
to  75  cents  a  box,  and  will  go  lower, 
as  we  expect  the  flush  of  the  market  on 
these  by  next  week.  Shell  beans,  which 
have  been  selling  high,  have  reached  the 
other  extreme  and  bring  around  50  cents 
per  basket,  some  even  less.  Carrots  are 
high,  bringing  $1  per  box.  Eggplant 
also  bringing  $1.50  per  box.  Beets  go  at 
40  cents  a  bushel  :  turnips,  40  to  65 
cents  per  bushel.  Potatoes  are  in  good 
supply,  yet  sell  at  00  cents  to  $1  per 
bushel.  Quality  is  very  good  on  Maine 
stock.  Sweets  are  high  at  $1.75  per 
bushel  basket  or  $4  per  barrel. 

A.  E.  P. 


Arkansas  will  have  about  2,800.000  bush¬ 
els  of  rice  this  year;  70.000  acres  are  in 
this  crop. 

Harvests  in  Great  Britain  are  said  to  be 
the  poorest  in  30  years,  owing  to  excessive 
beat  and  drought. 

The  potato  crop  in  Anoka  County,  Minn., 
is  the  best  ever  grown  there,  and  will 
bring  about  .$1,000,000. 

The  total  revenue  from  the  last  cotton 
crop  in  the  United  States  was  $1,030,000,- 
000.  the  largest  amount  on  record. 

The  Pennsylvania  Railroad  has  issued 
9.019.481  shares  of  stock,  now  owned  by 
69.700  persons.  The  total  outstanding  cap¬ 
ital  is  $450,974,050. 

Because  of  the  severe  drought  crops  in 
Prussia  are  very  poor.  Potatoes,  beets  and 
fodder  yields  are  so  light  that  many  farm¬ 
ers  are  selling  their  live  stock. 

The  latest  crop  estimates  from  the  Cana¬ 
dian  Northwest  indicate  a  yield  of  178,- 
650.000  bushels  of  wheat.  223.550,000  oats, 
33.300,000  barley  and  720*000  bushels  of 
flax. 

The  apple  crop  of  Virginia  will  bo  about 
39.5  per  cent.  On  account  of  drought  ap¬ 
ples  have  dropped  badly  and  in  some  cases 
are  undersized,  but  are  improving  since  the 
recent  rains.  Prices  reported  run  from 
$2.50  to  $3.50. 

Late  rains  are  going  to  help  potatoes. 
They  are  selling  on  the  Rochester  market 
from  farmers’  wagons  from  $1.25  to  $1.60 
for  good  tubers.  Taking  the  country 
around  here,  I  have  not  seen  so  poor  pros¬ 
pects  in  20  years  as  prevail  now.  Poor 
stand,  puny  tops,  some  blight  and  bugs. 

Rochestex-,  N.  Y.  c.  1. 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE.  contents 


Prom  New  Orleans,  Mobile,  Pensacola 
and  Gulfport,  1,234,742,000  feet  of  lumber 
were  shipped  during  1910. 

The  taxable  property  in  Wisconsin  this 
year  is  valued  at  $2,941,412,842.  This  in¬ 
cludes  personal  property,  which  totals 
$739,187,616. 

The  yield  of  diamonds  in  the  Transvaal 
mines  for  the  past  year  was  812  pounds, 
valued  at  $5,000,000.  The  output  for  tire 
past  niue  years  was  2%  tons. 

After  October  6  it  will  cost  21%  cents 
per  100  pounds  to  send  flour  from  Minne¬ 
apolis  to  New  York  by  the  lake  and  rail 
route.  By  all  rail  the  charge  is  25  cents. 

Butter  Stock. — According  to  the  Ameri¬ 
can  CreameryNow  York  had  in  storage,  on 
September  1,  239.300  packages  of  butter, 
about  one-third  less  than  at  the  same  time 
last  year.  Stocks  in  the  four  cities  of 
New  York,  Chicago.  Boston  and  Philadel¬ 
phia  totaled  1,001,670  packages,  a  decrease 
of  255,530  from  last  year.  Of  course  this 
does  not  include  all  butter  in  storage, 
many  holdings  being  private  and  not  re¬ 
ported. 

Australia  has  very  strict  regulations  re¬ 
garding  importation  of  potatoes  in  order 
to  keep  out  disease,  especially  Phvtophthora 
infestans,  commonly  known  as  late  blight. 
This  disease  has  been  known  about  70 
years  and  has  caused  great  damage,  both  in 
America  and  Europe.  The  now  Australian 
law  provides  that  all  shipments  of  potatoes 
from  any  country  must  be  accompanied  by 
certificates  that  the  tubers  are  believed  to 
be  free  from  the  disease  named  above,  or 
any  other  known  disease,  such  as  canker, 
black  scab,  warty  disease,  etc.,  and  that 
they  were  grown  at  least  20  miles  from  any 
place  known  to  be  infected  with  any  po¬ 
tato  disease.  After  potatoes  are  received 
they  are  planted  in  quarantined  ground,  and 
if  the  crop  is  found  free  from  disease,  are 
admitted  to  the  trade.  The  importer  must 
pay  all  cost  of  inspection.  It  is  evident 
that  with  these  restrictions  imports  will 
be  light,  hut  if  it  results  in  keeping  out 
these  bacteria]  diseases,  the  law  will  prove 
highly  profitable,  in  the  United  States  we 
use  the  spray  pump  freely,  but  have 
been  notoriously  careless  in  scattering 
broadcast  all  manner  of  -plant  diseases. 

That  Exchange  Manager. — The  amount 
of  produce  sold  through  farmers’  cooper- 
ative  exchanges  is  increasing  yearly.  The 
idea  is  a  popular  one.  Business  is  done  on 
a  large  scale — carloads  instead  of  small 
lots.  Checks  for  returns  are  large,  and 
individual  profits  in  manv  cases  average 
better  than  formerly.  They  ought  to  in 
practically  all  cases,  because  there  is  econ¬ 
omy  in  cooperative  selling  when  properly 
managed.  Most  farmers  who  are  capable 
of  handling  the  work  hesitate  to  take  the 
job  of  manager.  They  feel  that  it  will  he 
a  nuisance,  that  there  will  be  troublesome 
problems  at  the  market  end.  that  their 
own  farms  will  be  neglected.  and  there  will 
be  much  disquietude  of  mind.  For  these 
and  similar  reasons  a  professional  manager, 
usually  an  outsider,  gets  the  job.  He  mav 
he  strictly  honest,  hut  the  writer  believes 
that  in  some  of  these  managers  the  farm¬ 
ers  have  added  more  middlemen  instead  of 
getting  rid  of  some,  as  they  thought.  In 
the  headquarters  of  one  of  these  exchanges 
the  manager  was  working  the  long-distance 
telephone  and  sending  various  telegrams. 
There  was  nothing  wrong  in  that  so  long 
as_  he  got  an  improved  outlet  and  better 
prices,  hut  he  was  merely  shipping  the  stuff 
to  a  commission  house  that  the  individual 
farmers  could  have  dealt  with  to  as  good 
advantage.  Tn  other  words,  thev  were  pay¬ 
ing  this  man  to  do  what  they  could  have 
done  with  practically  no  more  labor.  The 
salary  of  an  exchange  manager  who  can 
find  no  more  profitable  outlet  for  the  goods 
than  the  channels  of  commission  house 
trade  should  he  based  solely  on  his  use¬ 
fulness  at  the  shipping  end  getting 
large  shipments  and  a  better  pack,  thus 
saving  on  transportation  and  making  the 
produce  suitable  for  a  higher  class  of  trade 
than  the  ordinary  odds  and  ends  of  ship¬ 
ment. 


The  Rural  New-Yorker,  September 


16,  1911. 

FARM  TOPICS. 

“Farm  Politics”  and  Farmers . 917 

Buckwheat  as  a  Farm  Crop.... 917,  938 

The  Peanut  in  Indiana .  918 

More  About  Sowing  Vetch .  920 

Boston  Chamber  of  Commerce  Agri¬ 
cultural  Exhibit  .  920 

Top-dressing  for  Alfalfa .  922 

Lime  With  Grass  Seeding .  922 

Care  of  Tools .  922 

Use  of  Sea  Waste . 922 

Crop  to  Follow  Millet .  922 

The  Labor  Question  .  922 

Coming  Farm  Meetings .  922 

Some  Corrupt”  Lady  Beetles .  1)21 

Using  Liquid  Manure . 921 

Hope  Farm  Notes .  924 

Diary  of  Farm  Work .  927 

\  egetable  Growers’  Convention....  927 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

The  First  Egg .  918 

Sheep  in  the  Early  Fall .  930 

The  Poland  China  Hogs .  930 

Stock  Notes  .  930 

Dexter  and  Kerry  Cattle .  930 

Milk  .  931 

IIow  We  Improved  Our  Herd . 931 

Making  High-Scoring  Butter .  931 

Water  Supply  for  Barn .  931 

Experience  With  a  Silo .  932 

Feeding  Problems  .  932 

Unthrifty  Pigs .  932 

Stock  and  Poison  Ivy .  932 

Foot  Rot  . 932 

Cow  With  Cough .  932 

An  Egg  Talk .  933 

Anconas  and  Leghorns .  933 

Feeding  Beef  Scraps .  933 

“Live  Breeding”  of  Poultry . 933 

Cracked  or  Whole  Corn .  933 

Bedbugs  in  Henhouse .  933 

Grain  Ration  for  Chicks.., .  933 

HORTICULTURE. 

Rapid  Method  of  Orchard  Planting.  918 
Growing  Peach  Seedling  in  Western 

New  York  .  919 

What  Age  of  Tree .  919 

Value  of  Orchard  Trees .  921 

Weeds  in  the  Vineyards .  921 

Wrong  Spray  for  Peaches .  925 

Trouble  With  Peach  Trees . 925 

Transplanting  Wild  Trees  and 

Shrubs  .  925 

Ornamental  Grapes  .  925 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day .  928 

Cake  Fillings  Without  Eggs .  928 

Keeping  Meat  Without  Ice .  928 

The  Rural  Patterns .  929 

Canned  Beets .  929 

Three  Eggless  Recipes .  929 

A  Penny  Saved  .  929 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Icehouses  of  Concrete . 920 

What  About  Long-Tongued  Bees...  921 

Honey-bees  and  Tobacco .  922 

Other  People's  Money .  927 

Events  of  the  Week .  927 

Publisher’s  Desk  .  934 


EARLY  CHESTNUTS  &  SHELLBARKS 

wanted.  H  m.  II.  Cohen  &  Co.,  CoiiiiiiImaIoii  Mer- 
cliuntH.  -  -  -  229  Washington  8t.,  New  York. 


Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  8  CO.,  Com¬ 
mission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St., New  York. 


pi.KASE  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com- 
r  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter. 
Eggs.  Poultry.  Pork.  Calves.  Hay.  Grain,  Beans. 
Apples,  etc.  K.  II.  WOODWARD,  SOU  (ireenwloh  St.,  N.T, 


JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 


But  here  is  whore  the  elements  of  bluff 
and  dishonesty  work  in.  The  exchange 
manager  is  a  good  talker  and  can  explain 
the  value  of  his  work  at  the  selling  end  in 
ways  that  sound  plausible  and  are  hard  to 
controvert.  With  thp  help  of  two  or  three 
confederates  he  can  easily  show  comparative 
account  sales  of  shipments  sent  by  others 
clearly  proving  f?>  that  he  has  some  pecu¬ 
liar  power  to  get  prices  higher  than  others 
who  are  using  the  same  channels  of  trade. 
In  all  the  large  markets  there  are  commis¬ 
sion  men  sufficiently  progressive  and  hon¬ 
est  that  they  do  not  need  the  peculiar 
services  of  an  exchange  manager  to  stir 
them  up  to  do  their  best  for  patrons,  either 
as  individuals  or  in  associations,  and  every 
dollar  these  farmers  pay  the  professional 
manager  is  so  much  money  wasted.  Instead 
of  getting  rid  of  the  middleman  thev  are 
creating  a  new  and  high-priced  one. '  But 
by  far  the  worst  result  of  such  methods  is 
the  harm  done  the  cause  of  real  coopera¬ 
tion.  After  the  excitement  of  a  shipping 
season  is  past  and  the  results  are  figured 
over  and  analyzed  by  those  members  of  an 
association  who  figure,  there  is  often  reason 
for  the  feeling  that  after  all  there  is  not 
so  much  in  cooperation  as  was  thought. 
The  manager  has  been  paid  his  salnrv  and 
has  gone.  In  one  instance-a  man,  starting 
at  the  South  and  working  up,  managed 
three  exchanges  in  one  season,  getting 
$5,000  from  each.  Produce  dealers  smile 
when  they  speak  of  such  cooperation,  often 
engineered  hy  their  own  agents,  who  are 
usually  on  hand,  roadv  to  boss  the  job, 
whenever  farmers  talk  of  “getting  together.” 

The  management  of  an  exchange  handling 
hundreds  of  tons  of  perishable  products  in 
a  season  is  a  serious  matter,  but  it  is  a 
still  more  serious  affair  to  hire  an  outsider 
or  professional  to  do  the  work,,  when  the 
probabilities  are  that  the  association  has 
excellent  timber  in  its  own  membership. 
Cooperation  in  work  as  well  as  results  is 
essential  in  getting  an  organization  of 
farmers  started  on  a  sound  basis. 

w.  w.  rr. 


COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY. 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 


Highest  prices  guaranteed  for  White  or  Brown 
Leghorns  or  mixed  eggs.  Also  high  grade  butter. 
Write  us  for  information.  A  trial  will  convince  you 
of  our  ability  to  obtain  extreme  prices.  Address 

JOHNSTONE  6  COUGHLAN, 

172  Duane  Street  s  :  New  York 


Boston  Produce  Co. 


Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.,  -  Boston. 


GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  GO., 

Commission  Merchants  and  Dealers  in  all  kinds  o 
COUNTRY  PKODUCK,  Apples,  Peaches  Bei 
ries  Butter,  Eggs.  Cheese,  Poultry.  Mushrooms 
and  Hot-house  Products  a  Specialty.  Consignment! 

cV  36  Little  12th  JSt.,  New  York 


solicited.  34  & 


SHIP  YOUR  CALVES  AND  POULTRY 

- TO - 

GEO.  OLIVER  &  COMPANY 

Established  1850 

COMMISSION  MERCHANT8 
WEST  WASHINGTON  MARKET.  -:-  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 
PROMPT  RETURNS 

Apples— Peaches 

and  all  Fruits  and  Vegetables,  Fancy 
Eggs;  Hothouse  Products.  Top  prices 
secured  for  choice  products. 

Archdeacen  &  Ce.,  100  Murray  St., ’New  York 


936 


THE  KURAb  NEW-YORKER 


September  16. 1911. 


The  1912 


for  $1,000 


i 


(Designed  by  R.  E.  Olds) 


A  Temporary  Pri'  ?  Made  to  Learn  if  This  Price  Can  Be  Profitable 


Cj 

<t> 


This  price  is  as  yet  an  experiment.  It  ~ 

■  ^7* 

subject  to  change.  Never  before  ha' 
motor  car  maker  attempted  so  much  fo’^,  ^ 

O 

money.  We  may  find  that  it  can’t  be  £ 

But  the  car  itself  is  not  an  expert «<*  .. 

It  is  the  latest  creation  of  Mr.  R.  E.  Olds.  It 
compiles  an  experience  of  25  years  in  build¬ 
ing  gas  engines — 12  years  in  designing  cars. 

Back  of  this  model  are  the  tens  of  thou¬ 
sands  of  cars  built  by  Mr.  Olds.  It  embodies 
all  that  has  been  learned  by  the  oldest  man 
in  the  business,  by  the  dean  of  automobile 
designers.  On  it  is  staked  Mr.  Olds’  repu¬ 
tation.  Our  rashest  competitor  will  hardly 
attempt  to  criticise  the  car. 

As  for  the  price,  our  first  announcement 
quickly  swamped  us  with  orders.  We  are 
at  this  writing  three  weeks  behind.  On  our 
present  output — at  present  cost  of  materials 
—we  can  keep  this  price  at  $1,000.  In  any 
event,  that’s  the  price  today  at  any  Reo 
salesroom. 

An  Innovation 

This  is  another  attempt  to  keep  ahead  of 
the  times.  Motor  car  prices  are  bound  to 
come  down.  We  want  to  be  first  to 
strike  bottom. 

This  is  not  a  reflection  on  past  prices — 
not  on  ours  or  others’.  The  past  was  a  period 
of  constant  development,  of  ceaseless 
change.  Mistakes  were  being  made  and 
corrected.  One’s  whole  equipment  of 
machinery  and  tools  might  be  mrvde  worth¬ 
less  by  one  season’s  improvements. 

The  older  cars,  like  the  Reo,  are  standard¬ 
ized  now.  There  are  no  radical  changes  from 
year  to  year.  The  errors  have  all  been  cor¬ 
rected.  Costly  experiments  are  over. 


Where  we  once  bought  parts  we  now 

f  "  .  -i  V 

make  them.  Where  we  once  made  a  few 

thousand  cars  per  year  we  now  make  many 

.  .  . 

thousands.  There  is  no  reason  at  all 
why  motor  car  prices,  in  the  largest  shops, 
should  not  now  sink  to  the  minimum. 

No  shop  in  America  is  equipped  to  build 
cars  better  or  cheaper  than  we.  It  is  us, 
we  consider,  to  set  the  pace.  Those  are 
the  reasons  for  this  sensational  price  on 
this  new,  big,  stunning  car. 


Not  Cheapened 

No  man  will  suspect  that,  after  all  these 
years,  we  are  reducing  the  grade  of  the  Reo 
car.  We  need  hardly  discuss  that.  No  man 
will  conceive  that  Mr.  R.  E.  Olds,  America’s 
foremost  designer,  will  forfeit  his  fame  on 
a  retrograde  car. 

The  fact  is,  this  new  Reo — at  $1,000 — is 
by  far  the  best  car  that  ever  went  from  our 
shops.  Every  whit  of  the  car — every  fea¬ 
ture  in  it — accords  with  the  best  engineer- 
ing  practice. 

The  engine — rated  at  30  h.  p. — shows  36 
h.  p.  on  brake  test.  Because  of  the  top 
valves,  it  supplies  more  power  for  the  cylin¬ 
der  size  than  any  other  engine  we  have 
ever  tried  out. 

The  axle  bearings  are  Timken  and  Hyatt 
High-Duty.  The  carburetor  is  adapted  to 
the  present  grades  of  gasoline. 

The  steel  which  we  use  is  all  analyzed, 
to  know  that  it  meets  all  our  rigid  require-" 
ments.  The  gears  are  tested  in  a  crushing 
machine,  under  27  tons’  pressure.  Our 
magneto  is  subjected  to  a  harder  test  than 
any  other  magneto  will  stand. 

Note  the  big  wheels,  the  big  tires.  Note 


the  car’s  roominess.  Note  its  magnificent 
lines.  With  all  of  our  knowledge,  all  our 
experience,  there  is  no  part  of  this  car  which 
we  know  how  to  better. 

This  car’was  not  built  to  sell  for  $1,000. 
It  was  built  to  show  the  best  we  can  do. 

The  Standard  Car 

From  now  on  we  shall  build  but  one  Reo 
chassis.  That  policy  alone  will  save  $200 
per  car.  Without  it,  this  price  would  be 
out  of  the  question. 

The  30-h.  p.,  5-passenger  car  has  become 
the  general  standard.  Any  greater  power 
is  excessive.  It  makes  upkeep  expensive. 
Few  people  care  to  pay  the  price  of  excess¬ 
ive  size,  power  or  room.  A  very  large 
percentage  of  cars  sold  in  the  future  will 
approximate  this  type.  So  we  confine  our 
factories  to  it. 

Cars  of  about  this  size  and  power  are 
sold  all  the  way  up  to  $2,500.  We  ask  you 
to  compare  any  one  that  you  wish  with  the 
Reo  at  $1,000.  We  are  willing  to  abide 
by  your  judgment. 

Ask  for  Details 

The  first  step  is  to  ask  us  for  details. 
We  publish  on  this  car  complete  specifica¬ 
tions.  We  state  every  material,  every  de¬ 
tail  of  mechanism.  This  will  help  you  to 
make  your  comparisons. 

The  car  itself  can  be  seen  at  any  Reo 
salesroom,  and  those  salesrooms  are  every¬ 
where.  Find  out  what  a  remarkable,  up-to- 
date  car  is  being  sold  for  $1,000.  It  will 
change  your  ideas  about  automobiles. 

Write  us  now  for  the  facts. 


R.  M.  Owen  &  Co.  G£»tS(o'‘  Reo  Motor  Car  Co.,  Lansing,  Mich. 


The  New  Reo 
“Thirty” 

Five-Passenger 

Tonneau 

Four  4x4%-inch 
Cylinders 
108-in.  Wheel  Base 
The  Best  of 
Magnetos 
34x3%-inch  Tires 
A  roomy,  powerful 
Fore -Door  Car  — 
Mr.  Olds'  finest 
creation — for  just 
$1,000 

Top  and  windshield 
not  included.  We  equip 
this  car  with  a  Mohair 
Top  and  Slip  Cover,  a 
Mezger  Automatic 
Windshield,  a  Speed¬ 
ometer  and  a  Gas 
Tank- all  for  S100 
extra.  (7) 


WSm 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4117. 


NEW  YORK,  SEPTEMBER  23,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR 


SUMMER  PRUNING  ORCHARD  TREES. 
The  Western  Way. 

In  looking  over  the  various  reasons  why  we  wish 
to  prune  orchard  trees  we  can  readily  list  the  follow¬ 
ing  reasons : 

1.  To  shape  the  tree. 

2.  To  correct  a  poor  habit. 

3.  To  remove  surplus  parts. 

4.  To  remove  injured  or  diseased  parts. 

5.  To  facilitate  spraying,  thinning,  and  harvesting. 


2-YEAR  PEACII  BEFORE  PRUNING.  Fig,  3(54. 

G.  To  overcome  the  influence  of  prevailing  winds. 

7.  To  stimulate  wood  growth. 

8.  To  stimulate  fruit-bud  formation. 

While  these  points  cover  orchard  pruning  in  general, 
those  which  apply  most  strongly  to  Summer  pruning 
are,  3,  To  remove  surplus  parts,  and  8,  To  stimulate 


2- YEAR  APPLE  BEFORE  SUMMER  PRUNING.  Fig.  305. 

fruit-bud  formation.  Of  course  we  can  prune  in  the 
Summer  to  accomplish  the  objects  of  1,  2,  4,  and  6, 
and,  for  the  West  at  least,  this  is  better  done  in  the 
Summer  if  the  tree  is  healthy  and  vigorous,  and  has 
passed  through  its  first  three  or  four  formative  periods, 
because  at  that  time  pruning  with  any  of  these  objects 
in  mind  will  influence  the  formation  of  fruit  buds. 

Now,  Winter  pruning  is  a  stimulus  to  wood  growth, 
hut  as  we  know  from  experience  that  we  get  increased 
wood  growth  by  pruning  any  time  from  October  to 


June  our  term  may  be  misleading,  for  we  can  do  Win¬ 
ter  pruning  as  late  as  June — not  to  say,  however,  that 
that  is  the  best  time.  So  that  leaves  July,  August  and 
September  as  Summer  pruning  time — ample  time  when 
we  know  that  the  period  for  best  work  for  this  object 
on  an  individual  tree  is  of  about  two  weeks  duration 
only. 

Pruning  to  remove  surplus  parts  may  be  done  m  the 
early  part  of  the  Summer  if  the  trees  are  vigorous 
and  in  need  of  pruning,  but  to  confine  the  discussion 
to  the  young  tree,  we-  find  the  following  to  be  true. 
Every  healthy  young  tree,  say  of  any  age  up  to  five 
years,  is  starting  and  developing  from  two  to  three  times 
as  many  shoots,  or  young  branches,  as  there  is  room 
for  in  the  head  of  the  tree — that  is,  we  find  a  number 
of  surplus  parts.  If  these  extra  shoots  are  allowed 
to  mature  they  each  have  taken,  their  part  of  the 
strength  of  the  tree  to  reach  their  maturity  only  to 
be  removed  at  Winter  pruning  time.  Now,  to  re¬ 
move  them  when  they  are  young,  watery  and  im¬ 
mature,  immediately  relieves  the  young  tree  of  the 


2-Y'EAR  APPLE  SUMMER  PRUNED.  Fig.  3(50. 

necessity  for  spending  its  strength  in  maturing  them, 
and  it  can  devote  that  strength  to  extended  growth  or 
increased  diameter  of  the  desirable  shoots  that  are  left 
and  to  the  better  maturing  and  strengthening  of  those 
parts.  Of  course  this  removal  of  shoots  takes  away 
considerable  leaf  area,  so  for  a  weak  tree  this  is  better 
left  until,  by  removing  these  parts,  we  can  induce 
vigor  or  stimulate  wood  growth — Winter  pruning. 

Now,  this  thinning  out  is  not  intended  to  act  as  a 
stimulus  for  fruit-bud  formation  at  all,  but  simply  to 
assist  in  the  general  building  up  of  a  vigorous,  healthy 
framework  in  the  developing  tree.  It  might  be  com¬ 
pared  to  the  thinning  out  of  vegetables  planted  too 
closely  in  a  row — we  remove  some  that  the  remainder 
may  be  benefited.  This  work  is  done  very  extensively 
in  the  young  orchards  of  the  Northwest,  and  is  a 
considerable  help  in  the  formation  of  vigorous,  stocky 
young  trees.  The  illustrations  show  how  this  is  done, 
both  for  apple  and  peach,  on  the  extensive  tract 
planted  by  the  Lewiston  (Idaho)  Land  and  Water 
Company. 

To  stimulate  the  formation  of  fruit  buds  the  work 


is  more  complex  and  the  results  cannot  be  guaranteed. 
But  the  tendency  is  strong  for  any  tree  to  begin  to 
develop  fruit  buds  if  its  wood  growth  is  checked,  or  if 
it  is  thrown  out  of  its  regular  course  in  development . 
To  be  convinced  of  this  we  need  only  to  look  over  a 
young  orchard  where  the  cultivator  has  been  handled 
somewhat  carelessly,  and  note  that  certain  trees  arc 
full  of  blossoms  or  fruit,  while  the  majority  are  not. 
A  close  examination  will  almost  always  show  the  char¬ 
acteristic  cultivator  injury  on  the  trunk  of  the  young 


9-YEAR  APPLE  SUMMER  PRUNED.  Fig.  367. 

tree — a  partial  girdle.  This,  while  partly  starving  the 
root  has  left  a  surplus  of  food  in  the  top,  and  the 
stimulus  has  been  strong  enough  to  cause  the  devel¬ 
opment  of  fruit  buds. 

Of  course  no  one  would  advise  the  use  of  the  culti¬ 
vator  as  a  pruning  tool,  but  we  can  get  the  same  re- 


2-YEAR  PEACH  TREE  SUMMER  PRUNED.  Fig.  368. 


suits  with  proper  tools  and  not  injure  the  tree.  If, 
instead  of  knocking  off  a  part  of  the  bark  of  the 
trunk,  we  shorten  in  the  ends  of  the  branches  in  late 
Summer,  we  have  again  relieved  the  tree  of  the  neces¬ 
sity  for  maturing  some  of  its  growth,  this  time  the  tips, 
and  the  tendency  will  be  for  a  surplus  of  food  to 
accumulate  in  the  head  of  the  young  tree  and  the 
stimulus  is  present  for  the  formation  of  fruit  buds. 

So  far  we  find  nothing  very  difficult,  but  in  the  hoi c> 
and  when  it  is  another  story.  If  we  keep  in  mind  the 


838 

fact  that  a  weakling  tree  is  not  ready  to  bear  fruit 
we  can  eliminate  that  undesirable  class  from  this  dis¬ 
cussion.  Winter  prune  then.  It  is  only  with  the 
stocky,  vigorous  tree  that  is  at  least  three  years  old 
that  we  should  deal.  Such  a  tree  will  make  a  good, 
long  growth,  three  feet  at  least,  and  sometimes  in 
various  districts  of  this  section,  over  five  feet  for  the 
seaspn.  This  growth,  then,  can  be  shortened  in  se¬ 
verely  without  injury  to  the  health  of  the  young  tree. 
From  one-half  to  two-thirds  is  usually  cut  away. 
When  that  statement  is  made  at  farmers’  institutes 
one  frequently  hears  the  exclamation,  “Glory!  Cutting 
off  all  the  top!”  Yes — cutting  off  all  the  top  that  we 
do  not  need.  That  it  is  not  an  injury  is  shown  by  the 
continued  vigor  of  the  trees  and  the  profitable  crops 
they  bear. 

When  should  the  work  be  done?  Well,  that  is  a 
question  that  can  be  answered  in  general  only.  To 
set  a  definite  date  might  prove  suitable  for  one  man 
and  prove  severely  injurious  for  another.  If  the 
orchardist  will  examine  his  trees  in  late  July  or  August 
or  even  in  September,  he  will  find  a  time  when  the 
leaf  buds  for  the  next  year  are  plumping  up,  and  when 
the  leaves  will  break  away  clean  with  just  a  little  down¬ 
ward  pull.  That  is  approximately  the  right  time  to 
begin  work.  It  may  be  one  time  on  high  ground  and 
another  on  low  ground,  and  different  on  different 
soils,  and  under  different  culture  methods,  different 
with  the  kind  of  tree,  the  variety,  and  the  season.  If 
the  orchardist  will  select  a  dozen  trees  of  the  same 
variety  under  similar  conditions,  and,  on  the  indication 
of  this  bud  development,  prune  three,  then  wait  a 
week  or  10  days  and  prune  another  three,  and  prune 
each  set  of  three  in  succession  he  can  determine  for 
himself  the  proper  time  for  the  work  much  more  ac¬ 
curately  than  anyone  else  can  tell  him. 

What  are  the  indications  that  the  work  has  been 
successful  or  not?  We  are  dealing  with  leaf  buds.  If 
we  prune  too  early,  these  buds  will  push  out  the  same 
season  and  form  a  weak,  watery,  growth  that  does  not 
mature  and  is  killed  back  by  frost.  If  we  prune  too 
late  we  do  Winter  pruning  and  get  a  stimulated  wood 
development  the  following  season.  If  the  pruning  is 
done  at  the  right  time  the  majority  of  the  lateral 
buds  on  the  shoots  will  develop,  not  into  blossoms  as  is 
often  mistakenly  supposed,  but  into  a  fruit  spur  which 
will  form  its  bud  for  the  year  following.  Of  course 
some  of  the  upper  buds  necessarily  develop  into  new 
wood  growth  and  not  into  fruit  spurs,  or  we  would 
develop  a  tree  bristling  all  over  with  fruit  spurs  and 
at  a  standstill  as  far  as  growth  is  concerned. 

Washington.  w.  G.  brierley. 

“AERATED  HUMUS”  OR  AIRED  MUCK. 

What  about  the  enclosed  circular  of  “Aerated  Humus 
Leaf  Mold?”  What  is  it  and  is  it  worth  the  price? 

J.  B.  K. 

The  circular  states  that  at  Quogue,  L.  I.,  there  is 
“a  basin  of  about  three  acres  in  extent  and  15  inches 
deep”  containing  a  deposit  of  organic  matter.  As  to 
price  the  circular  states : 

In  order  that  you  may  try  a  small  quantity  of  this 
material  for  testing  we  have  hanged  several  hundred  tons 
of  it,  and  have  it  for  sale  at  $1  per  hundred-pound 
bag,  or  .$15  per  ton  of  20  bags.  Of  course  for  effective 
use  the  material  should  be  bought  by  the  carload  and 
apply  five  or  10  tons  to  the  acre  at  .$10  per  ton.  In 
bulk  carloads  $7  per  ton. 

This  means  $70  to  $100  per  acre.  The  “deposit”  is 
evidently  swamp  muck,  very  much  like  what  thou¬ 
sands  of  farmers  have  on  their  own  farms.  The 
chances  are  it  is  sour  and  unavailable,  and  10  tons  of 
it  without  lime  to  sweeten  it  might  increase  the  acid 
in  the  soil  so  as  to  injure  it.  As  for  the  claim  that 
this  “humus”  is  of  such  great  value  Dr.  W.  H.  Jordan 
of  the  Geneva  Experiment  Station  says: 

There  are  several  reasons  why  the  farmers  of  Long 
Island  or  of  any  other  section  cannot  afford  to  pay  $15 
to  $20  a  ton  for  such  material.  I  suppose  the  claim  is 
that  its  value  lies  in  adding  humus  to  the  soil.  Swamp 
muck  is  not  humus  in  the  active  sense.  It  is  inert  mate¬ 
rial  that  is  the  result  of  decomposition  through  many 
years,  and  the  unoxidized  residue  is  entirely  different  from 
the  active  humus  resulting  from  the  decay  of  vegetable 
matter  that  is  turned  into  the  soil.  There  is  no  compari¬ 
son  between  the  two.  If  a  farmer  needs  to  incorporate 
more  humus  with  his  soil  he  can  do  it  much  more  effi¬ 
ciently  and  certainly  much  more  cheaply  than  by  the  use 
of  this  material. 

There  is  no  use  paying  $10  or  $7  per  ton  for  the 
name  “aerated  humus.”  You  can  put  swamp  muck 
into  a  pile,  let  it  air,  and  have  the  same  thing.  We 
understand  that  but  little  of  this  material  is  being 
sold.  General  farmers  do  not  use  much  of  it.  Gar¬ 
deners,  florists  and  city  people  are  the  chief  buyers. 
If  any  farmer  has  a  swamp  or  muck  bed  on  his  farm 
he  does  not  need  this  “aerated  humus.” 

The  Niagara  County  (N.  Y.)  fruit  growers  have  induced 
the  International  Traction  Company  to  carry  placards  on 
their  cars  through  Buffalo  reading:  “Fruit  from  Niagara 
,  'County’s  Famous  Orchards.” 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 

MINNESOTA  IN  THE  CREAMERY  BUSINESS. 

The  daily  papers  reported  the  opening  or  dedication  of 
a  State  creamery  at  Albert  Lea,  Minn.  It  is  an  unusual 
thing  for  a  State  to  go  into  the  business  of  butter  making, 
and  we  wrote  the  Minnesota  State  Dairy  Commissioner 
for  information.  lie  says  : 

The  Experimental  Creamery  at  Alberta  Lea  was 
provided  for  by  the  last  Legislature  of  Minnesota  in 
1911.  Appropriations  made  for  this  purpose  were 
$10,000  for  building  and  location,  $5,000  for  equip¬ 
ment,  available  immediately,  and  $5,000  for  each  of  the 
two  succeeding  years.  This  Experimental  Creamery 
was  provided  for  by  purchasing  the  co-operative 
creamery  from  the  farmers  at  Albert  Lea  and  the 
business  was  taken  over  August  1  of  this  year,  so 
that  we  have  here  a  plant  operating  under  actual 
creamery  conditions.  These  conditions  will  be  ad¬ 
hered  to  strictly  during  the  operation  of  the  Experi¬ 
ment  Station. 

The  plans  for  the  experimental  work  in  the  future 
are  first  to  observe  carefully  conditions  as  they  exist, 
and  from  these  observations  arrive  at  a  definite  con¬ 
clusion  as  to  what  is  beneficial  or  injurious  to  the 
creameries  as  we  find  them  in  actual  operation 
today. 

Whenever  any  information  of  this  kind  is  obtained 
it  will  be  printed  in  as  concise  form  as  possible  and 
sent  out  to  the  buttermakers  and  managers  of  State 
creameries  for  their  information.  Secondly,  we  shall 


A  HANDFUL  OF  HONEY  BEES.  Fio.  309. 


take  up  actual  experimental  work  outside  of  the  daily 
operation  of  the  creamery,  and  buy  our  material  from 
this  plant  with  which  to  conduct  these  experiments. 
Since  the  information  sought  is  determined  to  be  of 
a  practical  nature,  this  determination  will  be  applied 
in  the  actual  operation  of  the  creamery.  In  the  third 
place,  this  creamery  will  be  used  for  educational  pur¬ 
poses,  and  buttermakers  from  any  part  of  the  State 
can  make  arrangements  for  a  certain  period  of  work 
in  the  creamery  for  their  practical  training.  This 
educational  work  will  be  carried  out  in  operation  with 
the  dairy  instruction  given  by  Prof.  T.  L.  Haecker 
at  the  State  Agricultural  School,  and  all  students  in 
this  line  will  be  directed  by  Prof.  T.  L.  Haecker  of 
that  institution.  These,  in  short,  are  the  general 
plans  for  carrying  on  the  work.  More  detailed  parts 
of  these  plans  are  laid  out,  but  at  the  present  time 
it  would  be  unwise  to  mention  any  of  them,  inasmuch 
as  variations  may  be  made  at  any  time. 

joel  g.  wink jer,  Commissioner. 

A  HUMAN  SKUNK  AND  HIS  “  MORTGAGE.” 

I  inclose  for  your  inspection  and  publication,  if  you 
think  worthy  of  space,  a  sample  of  “mortgage”  worked 
upon  an  old  lady  84  years  of  age  by  a  man  who  first  pre¬ 
vailed  upon  her  to  sign  to  him  a  warranty  deed,  and  gave 
to  her  this  paper  without  note  or  bond,  which  it  might 
be  supposed  to  secure.  He  has  failed  to  pay  the  $100 
per  year  which  he  herein  agreed  to  pay  her.  Is  this  mort¬ 
gage  of  any  value?  If  not.  would  she  have  sufficient 
grounds  to  have  her  deed  set  aside?  If  there  is  no  re¬ 
course,  then  it  looks  like  the  old  lady  had  open  but  one 
road  to  travel — the  road  to  the  old  ladies’  home.  Is  this 
right?  AN  OHIO  FARMER. 

Washington  County,  O. 

The  “mortgage”  so-called  is  a  fraud  and  a  snare. 
The  man  who  drew  it  up  we  will  call  A,  the  woman 


September  23, 

B.  In  this  paper  A  acknowledges  the  receipt  of  $1,000 
from  B,  and  in  consideration  agrees  to  “grant,  bargain, 
sell  and  convey”  a  certain  property  fully  described. 
Then  comes  the  following  remarkable  statement : 

Provided,  nevertheless,  that  if  the  following  contract 
be  carried  out,  to  wit,  B  shall  have  privilege  of  living  on 
and  using  this  farm  as  long  as  she  shall  desire,  by  paying 
or  causing  to  be  paid  to  A  annually  a  sum  equaling  the 
taxes  on  the  property  and  four  per  cent,  interest  on  the 
amount  of  this  mortgage.  Second,  A  shall  pay  four  per 
cent  interest  land  shall  pay  or  cause  to  be  paid  to  B  on 
demand  such  sum  or  sums  as  shall  be  equal  to  $100  an¬ 
nually  if  she  desires  it.  Third,  on  decease  of  B.  said  A 
agrees  that  the  balance  unpaid  are  then  due  and  payable. 

It  is  evident  that  the  person  who  drew  that  up  was 
either  ignorant  or  dishonest,  or  both.  If  A  has  really 
secured  a  deed  from  B  on  any  such  representation  as 
you  state  the  deed  can  be  set  aside.  A  bill  should  be 
filed  with  the  court  at  once.  In  the  trial  of  this  case 
it  is  quite  possible  that  evidence  would  come  out 
which  would  show  that  A  may  be  criminally  prose¬ 
cuted.  If  he  did  what  you  slate  he  ought  to  be  jailed. 
Some  one  should  take  this  up  at  once  in  the  old  lady’s 
behalf  and  push  it  through.  There  are  too  many  of 
these  human  skunks  who  live  by  robbing  and 
deceiving  the  poor.  The  world  would  be  better  off  if 
good  men  in  the  community  where  the  crime  is  com¬ 
mitted  would  run  these  fellows  down  and  expose 
them. 

DO  LIGHTNING  RODS  PROTECT  ? 

I  read  with  much  interest  the  reply  of  Prof.  King 
on  page  833  to  the  questions  of  S.  E.  L.  concerning 
lightning  rods.  If  there  is  a  place  where  the  light¬ 
ning  rod  business  has  been  carried  to  the  limit  it  is 
my  home  section.  There,  during  the  past  four  years, 
after  a  severe  storm  or  two  had  burned  a  score  or 
more  of  buildings,  farmers  to  a  great  extent  have  put 
up  lightning  rods.  In  fact,  but  few  barns  remain 
unrodded.  Our  local  dealer  won  a  prize  offered  by 
one  of  the  most  noted  makers  of  rods  to  the  dealer 
selling  the  greatest  number  of  feet  of  rodding  dur¬ 
ing  the  season. 

As  to  the  efficiency  of  rods  as  a  protection  against 
damage  by  lightning  there  is,  I  believe,  no  certain 
proof.  Many  barns  are  now  standing  which  were 
built  50  years  or  more  ago.  There  are  cases  where 
buildings  have  been  struck  by  lightning  but  not 
burned,  some  siding  or  roofing  having  merely  been 
torn  off.  This  is  true  also  of  rodded  buildings.  But 
it  is  a  fact  that  to  my  knowledge  no  buildings  have 
been  burned  that  were  rodded.  Two  years  ago  I  saw 
a  barn  with  a  strip  of  new  shingles  near  the  end 
running  from  the  comb  to  the  eaves.  At  first  I  was 
at  a  loss  to  account  for  this.  It  then  occurred  to  me 
that  sometimes  rods  were  carried  down  the  roof  near 
the  end  to  the  ground,  instead  of  down  the  end  of 
the  barn.  Investigation  showed  such  to  be  the  case 
in  this  instance.  During  a  severe  storm  lightning 
following  the  cable  had  torn  off  a  strip  of  shingles. 
I  have  in  mind  two  other  barns  without  rods  which 
had  considerable  siding  and  shingles  torn  off  without 
any  further  damage.  However,  so  certain  are  the 
people  of  that  section  of  the  protection  afforded  by 
lightning  rods  that  they  have  organized  a  rodded 
insurance  company  which  insures  rodded  buildings  at 
a  lower  rate  than  charged  by  the  local  mutual  com¬ 
pany. 

A  word  concerning  some  of  the  rods  upon  the 
market  may  save  prospective  buyers  some  money. 
Four  years  ago  two  barns  upon  the  home  farm  were 
rodded  by  the  proverbial  lightning  rod  agent.  Less 
than  two  years  afterward  one  of  the  barns  was  re¬ 
modeled,  and  it  was  found  that  the  rod  at  the  ground 
was  nearly  corroded  off.  This  rod  consisted  of  a 
tube  of  very  thin  copper  enclosing  two  common  gal¬ 
vanized  wires  separated  by  a  thin  strip  of  sheet  iron. 
That  kind  of  rodding  was  bought  because,  as  they 
said,  they  supposed  all  rods  were  practically  alike. 
The  old  rodding  was  put  back  upon  the  barn  but  a 
pure  copper  cable  was  spliced  onto  each  end  and 
properly  grounded.  The  rodding  on  the  other  barn 
was  cut  off  a  short  distance  above  the  ground  and 
treated  in  the  same  manner. 

Agents  advise  grounding  to  a  depth  of  eight  feet, 
and  charge  for  the  eight  feet  of  rodding.  The 
advice  is  evidently  all  right,  but  in  many  cases  it  will 
be  well  to  know  that  the  eight  feet  consist  of  96 
inches.  When  competition  is  sharp  as  well  as  the 
agent  it  is  pretty  easy  to  make  a  fair  day’s  wages 
by  not  going  down  the  prescribed  eight  feet,  as  it 
is  needless  to  mention  the  fact  that  they  invariably 
charge  for  that  16  feet  of  rodding  supposed  to  be 
under  the  ground. 

Put  a  first-class  rod  upon  the  barn  and,  during  the 
next  electrical  storm,  watch  the  escaping  electricity 
flowing  from  the  points  in  the  form  of  a  blue  blaze 
and  your  faith  in  the  lightning  rod  will  be  sufficient 
to  make  you  feel  that  the  cost  is  repaid  many  times 
in  the  feeling  of  security.  A  neighbor  rodded  his 
own  barn  with  small  gas  pipe.  The  points  of  course 
he  had  to  purchase  from  dealers  in  rodding  supplies. 
I  might  add  that  this  same  farmer  installed  his  own 
milking  machine  and  a  litter  carrier,  the  latter  at  a 
very  low  cost,  using  an  old  wood  track  hay  carrier. 

Ohio.  J-  »•  prickett. 


to  1  T. 


THfcC  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


put  on  we  had  a  heavy  shower.  On  September  7  The  farmers  can  testify  that  they  had  it  all  weighed 
we  drilled  in  a  mixture  of  150  pounds  nitrate  of  at  the, '..'one  place,  and  the  local  weigher  will  make 
soda,  400  pounds  acid  phosphate  and  200  pounds  affidavit  that  the  amount  weighed  was  but  17  tons, 
sulphate  of  potash.  The  same  day  we  drilled' in  our  In  such  a  case  the  shipper  will  insist  upon  payment 
inoculating  soil,  which  had  been  run  over  a  mason’s  for  20  tons,  and  he  is  pretty  likely  to  be  able  to  collect 


sand  screen,  sowing  30  pounds  seed  from  the  grass- 
seeding  attachment,  the  pipes  set  to  sow  in  front 
of  the  hoes,  and  these  set  to  run  shallow,  finishing 
by  rolling  both  ways.  Notwithstanding  the  extreme 
drought  of  the  past  two  seasons,  the  growth  has  been 
astonishing.  Our  third  crop  for  this  season  went  into 
the  barn  August  18,  and  to-day,  August  29,  a  fourth 
crop  stands  over  four  inches  high.  The  crops  for 
the  past  two  seasons  have  each  averaged  4(4  tons  per 
acre  at  three  cuttings.  Last  Winter  we  left  an 
eight-inch  growth  standing  which  held  the  snow,  and 
1  believe  was  very  beneficial  to  this  season’s  growth. 
As  soon  as  the  land  was  sufficiently  dry  in  the 
Spring  we  top-dressed  with  400  pounds  fine  ground 
bone,  and  rolled  the  land,  later  we  applied  a  half  ton 
lime  per  acre  and  the  results  have  justified  the  outlay. 
We  are  so  favorably  impressed  with  Alfalfa  that  we 
are  laying  down  an  additional  seven  acres  now,  will 
add  61/ 2  acres  next  year,  and  another  11  acres  two 


for  that  amount.  Another  instance  is  the  purchase 
of  five  carloads  of  lime  to  be  paid  for  in  accordance 
with  the  railroad  company’s  weights.  These  cars 
weighed  out  locally  at  an  average  of  approximately 
lj/>  tons  under  the  railroad  weights.  Care  was  taken 
in  every  instance  to  have  the  weighing  correct  at 
the  consignee’s  end  but  the  settlement  had  to  be  made 
by  the  weights  of  the  railroad  people.  It  would  be  in¬ 
teresting  to  know  if  other  people  have  had  similar 
experiences.  If  this  is  common  there  should  be  some 
remedy  for  it.  h.  h.  lyon. 

New  York. 

R.  N.-Y.— We  have  had  several  complaints  like 
this.  The  trouble  seems  to  be  that  the  car  has  a 
certain  weight  marked  on  it.  The  shipper  does  not 
weigh  the  car  nor  do  the  railroads.  They  weigh  the 
car  and  contents  and  deduct  the  weight  marked  on 
the  car.  In  some  cases,  we  understand,  contracts  are 
made  out  at  railroad  weights.’  We  have  cases 
where  carloads  of  manure  were  sold  and 
charged  at,  say  20  tons.  Farmers 
weighed  every  load  as  taken  off  and 
found  a  loss  of  15  to  20  per  cent,  but 
they  were  held  up  for  the  full  amount, 
banners  should  buy  only  on  condition 
that  they  pay  for  what  comes  out  of 
the  car,  with  some  public  weigher  to 
certify  the  true  weight. 


A  HANDFUL  OF  HONEY  BEES. 

Swarming  is  the  natural  way  bees  have  of  increasing 
the  number  of  colonies.  During  a  season  of  plenty, 
if  the  hive  is  full  of  bees,  the  old  bees  and  queen 
swarm  out,  and  leave  the  old  hive  to  the  young  bees 
with  a  new  queen  ready  to  hatch.  After  emerging 
from  the  hive,  the  swarm  usually  clusters  on  some 
nearby  tree!,  and  it  is  then  that  the  beekeeper  must  cap¬ 
ture  them,  or,  after  hanging  an  indefinite  time  they  will 
abscond  to  some  new  home  which  may  be  miles  away. 
About  one  o’clock  June  26,  a  swarm  from  one  of  my 
hives  was  discovered  in  the  air.  It  settled  in  a  young 
pear  tree,  a  most  difficult  place,  for  they  were  clus¬ 
tered  around  three  or  four  long  slender  top  branches. 
I  got  a  ladder  and  sawed  off  one  of  them,  but  when 
I  pulled  it  away  from  the  others,  it  parted  the  bunch 
of  bees,  and  I  found  I  did  not  have  a  great  many  on 
mv  limb.  However,  I  passed  it  down  to  a  friend 
standing  on  the  ground,  and  as  he  took  it,  he  happened 
to  see  the  queen,  but  before  I  could  descend,  she  ran 
out  of  sight  under  the  other  bees.  Knowing  the 
queen  was  there,  I  shook  the  bees  on  a  board  in  front 
of  a  new  hive,  and  when  I  saw  the  queen,  I  caught 
her  in  a  little  cage  made  of  wire  netting.  I  was  then 
master  of  the  situation,  for  without  the 
queen  the  swarm  would  never  leave. 

But  most  of  the  bees  were  still  in  the 
tree.  So  taking  the  caged  queen  in  my- 
right  hand  I  again  ascended  the  ladder, 
and  with  my  left  hand  shook  the  tree. 

The  bees  that  were  shaken  off  took  wing, 
and  when  they  lit  again  they  clustered 
around  the  queen.  In  about  15  minutes 
I  had  almost  every  bee!,  except  those 
few  left  at  the  hive,  on  my  arm,  and  as 
each  bee  was  full  of  honey  they  must 
have  weighed  over  five  pounds.  After 
having  my  picture  taken,  I  shook  them 
in  front  of  the  new  hive  and  let  the 
queen  run  in.  With  the  queen  inside 
the  other  bees  readily  entered,  and  this 
swarm  has  since  gathered  about  20 
pounds  of  surplus  comb  honey,  which  at 
this  writing,  September  1,  is  still  on  the 
hive.  The  operation  is  easy  after  find¬ 
ing  the  queen,  but  it  is  almost  futile  to 
look  for  her  in  a  clustered  swarm. 

R.  N.-Y. — Fig.  369  shows  Mr.  Ellis 
with  the  cluster  of  bees. 


A  STRUGGLE  FOR  ALFALFA. 

Like  many  others,  we  got  the  Alfalfa 
fever,  and  started  in  to  grow  it  with 
the  idea  that  we  could  cut  out  much  of 
what  we  considered  unnecessary  trouble 
in  starting  it.  We  selected  for  trial  a 
two-acre  field,  which  presented  the  ad¬ 
vantage  of  natural  drainage,  with  about 
eight  inches  of  light  loam  top  soil,  under¬ 
laid  in  parts  by  gravel,  but  in  other  parts 
by  hardpan  about  2(4  feet  below  the 
surface.  The  field  had  been  in  potatoes, 
was  very  foul  and  low  in  humus  when 
we  took  possession  five  years  ago.  We 
planted  sweet  corn,  and  late  in  the  Fall 
manured  heavily  and  plowed  the  land 
deep,  leaving  in  the  furrow  over  Winter, 
and  sowed  to  oats  in  the  Spring.  This 
was  cut  and  removed  to  the  barn,  the 
land  again  plowed  deeper  late  in  July, 
and  disked  both  ways.  We  harrowed  at  least  once 
each  week,  both  ways,  up  to  about  August  20.  We 
used  only  a  half  ton  of  lime  per  acre,  harrowed  four 
times,  patted  ourselves  on  the  back,  and  said,  “Alfalfa 
will  grow  there.”  About  August  25  we  sowed  30 
pounds  of  good  seed,  using  600  pounds  of  a  corn 
fertilizer  which  we  had  on  hand  per  acre.  In  five  days 
the  Alfalfa  came  up  a  perfect  stand,  and  grew  on 
beautifully  (so  did  my  head),  going  into  Winter  quar¬ 
ters  with  a  six-inch  growth.  I  watched  that  field 
as  the  Spring  advanced  but  the  Alfalfa  did  not 
appear  to  make  much  of  it.  In  May  it  gave  up  the 
struggle,  and  the  skin  of  my  head  slackened  consid¬ 
erably.  We  disked  twice- in  June  and  sowed  Japanese 
millet  which  cut  about  eight  tons  of  field-cured  hay, 
a  little  coarse  perhaps,  but  relished  by  stock  in  Winter. 
In  August  we  repeated  the  former  operations  in  pre¬ 
paring  for  Alfalfa,  for  we  had  made  up  our  minds  to 
get  it.  I  frankly  state  that  I  was  still  too  stubborn 
to  admit  that  there  was  anything  in  inoculation  and 
did  not  do  it.  The  next  Summer  we  cut  one  ton  of 
Alfalfa,  grass,  etc.,  from  this  two  acres. 

Meanwhile  our  friend,  Prof.  F.  C.  Minkler,  advised 
me  to  use  more  lime,  and  to  inoculate.  This  we  did, 
using  one  ton  of  lime  and  500  pounds  inoculating 
soil  per  acre.  Three  days  after  the  lime  had  been 


THE  HEN’S  WAYS  AND  LAYS. 

To  the  hen  man  the  acme  of  sweet 
music  is  that  familiar  cackle,  an  assur¬ 
ance  that  the  hens  are  happy  and  busy 
and  the  money  rolling  in.  Tariff  bills 
may  come  and  go.  Congress  may  peter 
out,  and  presidential  booms  “have  their 
day  and  cease  to  be,”  but  the  hen, 
though  often  set  in  her  ways,  moves  on, 
making  dollars  for  her  owners  and  feed¬ 
ing  the  multitudes.  One  most  useful 
function  of  the  hen  is  providing  work  for 
humans,  who  thus  escape  the  resultant 
penalties  of  “idle  hands.”  Building  hen¬ 
houses  and  fences,  supplying  food, 
shooing  away  gapes  and  roup  and  the 
various  ills  of  infant  and  adult  poultry 
life,  and  sometimes  gathering  eggs,  keep 
the  hen  man  busy.  The  young  farmers 
shown  in  Fig.  370  appear  to  be  gathering 
a  good  crop,  though  the  house  and  its 
furnishings  are  rather  back  numbers. 


MULCHED  ORCHARDS. 

For  a  good  many  years  past  we  have 
talked  about  Grant  Hitchings,  the 
mulched  orchard  man.  If  Hitchings 

were  on  the  race  track  he  would  be 
known  as  a  “game  sport.”  He  started 
out  with  a  most  radical  method  of 
handling  an  orchard,  and  stuck  to  it.  At 
a  time  when  practically  all  the  horti¬ 
cultural  teachers  in  the  East  were 

urging  intense  culture,  Mr.  Hitchings 
advocated  the  plan  of  never  plowing  or 
cultivating  the  orchard  at  all.  Sonic 
of  the  “mulchers”  fell  by  the  wayside, 
and  plowed  or  cut  some  of  the  grass  and  hauled 
it  out  as  hay.  Hitchings  never  permitted  a 

blade  of  grass  to  be  taken  away — for  that,  he  claims, 
is  the  only  way  to  mulch.  It  requires  great 

nerve  for  a  poor  man  to  keep  on  year  after  year 
feeding  good  hay  to  trees  with  no  returns,  but  Hitch¬ 
ings  did  it  and  got  his  reward  in  a  fine  orchard. 
Now  a  company  has  been  formed  to  mulch  more 
trees.  They  have  bought  290  acres  and  will  plant 
10,000  trees,  all  mulched  from  the  start.  Hitchings 
has  not  proved  that  the  mulch  method  is  the  only 
one,  or  that  it  will  succeed  everywhere.  He  has 
shown  that  the  way  to  succeed  with  fruit  is  to  study 
the  situation,  block  out  a  plan  suited  to  it,  and  stick 
to  it  like  a  bulldog,  no  matter  what  the  experts  or 
the  croakers  may  say. 


Axd  now  wc  hear  of  a  .$1,000,000  company  in  Massa¬ 
chusetts  which  “plans”  to  grow  pecans  in  Guatemala !  Of 
course  we  shall  soon  hear  of  stock  for  sale.  Let  it  alone. 
There  is  no  sense  whatever  in  trying  to  grow  pecans  in  the 
tropics ! 

The  Germans  have  a  new  form  of  life  preserver  for 
ocean  service.  There  are  two  air  cushions  to  be  strapped 
around  the  body.  There  is  also  a  small  lamp  fed  by  an 
electric  battery.  When  you  clasp  the  hook  which  fastens 
the  preserver  on,  this  lamp  is  started  and  will  burn  four 
hours !  This  will  help  locate  a  “man  overboard”  at  night. 


HARD  CONDITIONS  FOR  THE  BUSINESS  HEN.  Fig.  370. 

years  hence.  We  do  not  lose  sight  of  the  fact, 
however,  that  “man  proposes  but  God  disposes.”  In 
my  opinion,  if  the  land  is  otherwise  suitable,  success 
with  Alfalfa  may  reasonably  be  expected  when  the 
essential  points  are  kept  in  view.  Lime  in  abundance, 
inoculation,  good  seed,  thorough  preparation  of  the 
soil,  and  rolling  firmly  after  seeding. 

Connecticut.  alex.  couston. 


TAKING  THE  RAILROAD  WEIGHT. 

farmers  seem  to  be  buying  more  in  a  cooperative 
way  than  formerly,  but  they  seem  to  be  up  against  a 
new  problem  now.  Others  may  or  may  not  have  had 
similar  experiences.  For  an  illustration  I  will  take  a 
case  of  recent  occurrence.  Several  farmers  ordered 
a  carload  of  ashes,  casting  in  the  neighborhood  of 
$10  a  ton.  The  car  was  billed  at  20  tons,  and  in 
transit  it  passed  through  the  hands  of  three  railroad 
companies.  Each  of  these  companies  had  the  car 
weighed  and  each  made  it  20  tons.  When  the  farm¬ 
ers  came  to  unload  the  car,  they  employed  a  man  in 
whom  they  had  perfect  confidence  to  weigh  out  the 
loads  as  they  were  taken  away.  The  result  was  that 
the  car  fell  short  almost  three  tons  weight.  The 
shipper  and  each  of  the  three  railroad  weighers 
will  furnish  affidavits  that  20  tons  were  in  the  car. 


W40 


THE  RURA.L  NEW-YORKER. 


September  23, 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[  Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
name  and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure 
attention.  Before  asking  a  question,  please  see 
whether  it  is  not  answered  in  our  advertising 
columns.  Ask  only  a  few  questions  at  one  time. 
Pu'  questions  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper. i 

Increasing  Flow  from  a  Well. 

A.  U.  F.,  Henson,  Neb. — We  wish  to  put 
down  a  well  that  will  supply  us  with  20,000 
to  30,000  gallons  of  water  daily,  if  needed. 
By  going  down  12  feet  we  strike  a  flow  of 
water  that  will  give  us  4,000  gallons  daily 
with  four  feet  of  water  and  four  feet 
across  well.  Which  would  be  the  better 
plan,  to  dig  a  large  well  and  get  a  large 
body  of  water,  or  bore  a  well  14  inches 
in  diameter  down  100  feet?  Would  we  be 
apt  to  strike  any  more  veins?  The  soil 
is  clay. 

A  ns. — If  the  present  well  yields  but 
4,000  gallons  of  water  in  24  hours  of 
steady  pumping,  this  is  at  the  rate  of 
only  2.77  gallons  per  minute.  If-  the 
statement  means  for  12  hours,  then 
about  5.5  gallons  per  minute.  Ten  days 
steady  pumping  at  the  first  rate  would 
be  40,000  gal’ous  of  water.  To  cover 
an  acre  with  one  inch  of  water  requires 
27,150  gallons  of  water.  This  is  a  small 
amount  of  water  if  it  is  desired  for  irri¬ 
gation  outside  of  greenhouse  work.  If 
at  12  feet  the  water  bearing  stratum 
has  been  penetrated  and  only  four  feet 
of  water  stands  in  the  well  when  it  is 
not  pumped,  it  is  not  likely  that  the 
capacity  of  the  well  could  be  doubled, 
for  continuous  pumping,  by  any  prac¬ 
ticable  increase  of  diameter.  The  best 
1  asis  for  judging  of  the  probability  of 
getting  an  increased  flow  by  boring  the 


Minor  Troubles  of  a  Gasoline  Engine. 

I  started  my  engine  yesterday,  and 
though  it  started  promptly  and  ran  well 
under  full  load  it  would  soon  stop  with 
a  light  load  or  no  load,  and  I  was  at 
a  loss  to  know  what  the  matter  was.  I 
went  to  work  systematically,  first  look¬ 
ing  after  the  fuel-feeding  devices,  valves, 
pipes,  etc.,  but  found  nothing  wrong; 
next  the  batteries  and  connections  were 
investigated'  and  were  found  in  good 
shape.  The  engine  has  a  jump  spark 
ignition  system  and  a  strong  induction 
coil.  This  coil  makes  a  long  spark,  one- 
fourth  inch  or  more,  but  long  sparks 
have  a  bluish  color,  and  are  too  thin 
and  cool  to  fire  a  charge  of  gas  depend¬ 
ably.  After  some  experimenting  I  no¬ 
ticed  that  the  points  of  the  spark  gap 
of  the  spark  plug  had  burned  off  until 
they  were  too  far  apart  to  make  a  dense, 
hot  spark  so  necessary  to  fire  the  charge 
quickly.  I  bent  the  points  closer  to¬ 
gether  so  as  to  secure  the  white  dense 
spark  needed,  put  the  parts  in  place, 
started  the  engine  and  had  the  satisfac¬ 
tion  of  seeing  it  start  off  promptly  with¬ 
out  a  skip  or  missfire. 

W.  E.  DUCKWALL. 

The  County  Pomona  met  at  East  Mahanoy 
Junction  recently  in  an  interesting  session 
advocating  a  general  parcels  post  and  no 
fake  substitutes ;  condemned  reciprocity  ;  de¬ 
nounced  the  scheme  for  one-ceut  letter  post¬ 
age  in  favor  of  large  corporations  and  ad¬ 
vocated  economy  in  county  government  be¬ 
cause  the  expenses  are  unnecessarily  high 
and  increasing  every  year.  Because  of  the 
high  salaries  paid  our  county  officials,  from 
$0,000  to  $2,500  a  year,  candidates  are 
.numerous,  and  literally  the  woods  are  full 
of  them.  The  writer  of  this  is  having  a 
rubber  stamp  made  with  the  following  mot¬ 
to  :  “Wanted — A  general  parcels  post.  No 
fake  substitute.”  This  to  be  used  on  all 
letters  and  if  not  prohibited  by  the  postal 
laws  to  be  stamped  on  the  back  of  all  letters 
mailed,  or  rather  on  the  envelopes. 

Pennsylvania.  W.  h.  s. 


well  deeper  is  to  get  the  experience  of 
local  well  drillers  as  to  whether  water¬ 
bearing  strata  exist  in  the  locality.  The 
capacity  of  a  well  is  increased  more 
rapidly  by  increase  in  thickness  of 
water-bearing  stratum  penetrated,  than 
by  increase  in  diameter  of  well,  when 
the  coarseness  of  grain  composing  the 
water-bearing  stratum  remains  the  same. 
In  a  well  of  our  own,  six  inches  in  dia¬ 
meter,  in  40  feet  of  sandstone,  with 
water  of  the  same  depth,  the  limit  of 
capacity  is  not  reached  by  a  rate  of  75 
gallons  per  minute  continuous  pumping. 
Without  knowledge  of  structural  condi¬ 
tions  in  the  case  in  question  it  is  not 
possible  to  predict  what  increase  in  flow 
might  be  secured  by  going  deeper.  No 
material  increase  could  be  expected  by 
penetrating  clay  unless  sand  veins  were 
struck.  F.  H.  KING. 


AN  OBSERVER  IN  PENNSYLVANIA. 

During  a  recent  trip  over  and  around  the 
anthracite  coal  Meld  in  Schuylkill  County 
it  was  noticed  that  farming  is  making  ma¬ 
terial  progress  and  improvement.  The  soil 
in  the  valleys  below  the  coal  field  is  largely 
composed  of  red  and  olive  shale,  some  sand¬ 
stone  and  rocky  outcrops,  the  subcaibomfoi’- 
ous  and  Devonian  systems.  The  red  shale 
yields  the  best  soil  upon  which  much  ot  the 
products  are  grown  to  supply  the  mining 
population  and  others  in  numerous  villages, 
towns  and  cities  depending  upon  the  coal 
industry  almost  exclusively  for  support. 
The  mines  since  Spring  worked  ouly  hair 
time,  consequently  labor  receives  small  in¬ 
come.  and  requires  the  greatest  economy  to 
obtain  the  necessities  of  living.  Where  it 
was  customary  to  depend  upon  other  sec- 
lions  formerly  to  supply  fruit,  vege¬ 
tables,  berries,  etc.,  the  farmers  by  improved 
methods  and  more  extensive  agriculture  and 
the  use  of  fertilizers  liberally  produce  some 
surplus  crops  to  send  away.  V  number  ] 
of  carloads  of  cabbage  were  sent  from  the  j 
vicinity  of  Shenandoah  recently.  Apples  arc  i 
also  shipped  away  during  the  picking  sea¬ 
son.  The  crop  is  good  this  year  on  well- 
carcd-for  trees,  and  the  supply  excessive  of 
Summer  fruit,  which  is  slow  sale  at  ridicu-  | 
lously  low  prices.  Tomatoes  also  are  a  drug  | 
on  the  market. 

From  several  readers  of  The  It.  N.-Y.  the 
following  varieties  of  fruit,  etc.,  were  named 
as  best  suited  to  their  sections :  D.  D. 
Breish  for  apples  selects  Astrachan,  Early 
Ripe.  Wealthy,  York  Imperial,  Spy  and 
Baldwin.  Pears,  Clapp,  Bartlett.  Tyson. 
Seckel  and  Ivieffer.  Plums,  Burbank  and 
Abundance.  Tomatoes,  Dwarf  Giant  Stone 
and  Matchless.  Potatoes,  Green  Mountain, 
Cobbler,  Raleigh  and  Rural.  W.  H.  Rumble 
makes  apples  a  specialty,  has  a  large  crop, 
trees  bending  under  a  too  heavy  crop  and 
recommends  Smith  Cider,  Rhode  Island, 
Greening,  Spy  and  King  as  the  main  crop. 
Mr.  Rumble  gets  from  breweries  free  hops 
and  malt,  which  is  spread  under  the  trees 
with  satisfactory  results  plainly  evident  by 
the  green  color  and  heavier  sod  where  they 
are  applied.  The  population  in  the  coal 
district  consists  'of  many  nationalities; 
Colanders.  Hungarians,  Slavonians.  Italians, 
Irish,  Welsh.  Germans,  Jews,  and  a  few 
Chinese,  with  various  tastes  and  habits  af¬ 
fording  a  market  for  diversified  farm  pro¬ 
ducts.  Another  of  your  readers,  like  many 
more  in  the  county,  is  Fredk.  F.  Carl,  a 
progressive  young  man,  a  successful  fruit 
grower,  truck  raiser  and  general  farm  crops. 
The  most  intelligent  and  progressive  farmers 
have  learned  that  the  use  of  high-grade  fer¬ 
tilizers  are  most  economical,  and  use 
2-S-10.  3U-7-7,  while  some  buy  the  chemi¬ 
cals  and  do  home  mixing. 


“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker's 
Fertilizers;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  -who  till  it.” — Adv. 


I 


AGENTS  WANTED 


Trouble  GIslsb 

Sectional  View  Showing  Sunlight  Double 
Glass  Sash  Construction 

WINTER  GARDENING 
WITHOUT  DRUDGERY 

With  Sunlight  Double  Glass  Sash  you  never 
have  to  use  any  mats  or  boards  for  covering 

The  two  layers  of  glass  take  their  place 

(See  picture  above) 

Between  the  two  layers  of  glass  is  a  %  inch 
layer  of  dry,  still  air.  Tliis  transparent  blanket 
affords  better  protection  to  plants  than  mats  or 
boards;  never  shuts  out  the  light;  saves  expense 
and  labor  and  gives  the  best  possible  results. 
Glass  held  by  springs;  no  putty  used;  can’t  work 
loose,  easily  repaired. 

Great  profit  and  pleasure  from  hot-bed 
and  cold-frame  gardening 

Under  Sunlight  Sash  you  can  have  plants  for 
the  field  far  earlier  and  better  than  you  can  under 
single-glass  sash.  You  can  have  fresh  vegetables 
and  flowers  for  your  own  use  when  they  are  lux¬ 
uries.  Let  tuce  and  violets  for  instance  all  winter. 

GET  THESE  TWO  BOOKS 

One  is  our  valuable  free  catalog. 
The  other  ie  by  Prol.  Massey,  ail  au¬ 
thority  on  hot-bed  and  cold-frame  (fai- 
deuing.  In  it  he  telle  in  an  interest- 
ing  and  instructive  manner  how  to 
make  and  care  for  the  beds,  what  and 
when  to  plant.  Tear  out  this  ad. 
Bend  it  with  -1c.  in  stamps,  and  your 
name  and  address  and  we  will  send 
you  the  two  hooks.  Do  it  now. 

Sunlight  Double  (Hass  Sash  Co. 

h-4  E.  Broadway,  Louisville,  by 

2000  Acres  in  Nurseries — 10  Valuable  Farms  For  Sale,  I 
-  Harrison’s  Nurseries,  Berlin,  Md. 

to  take  orders  for  our 
'High  Quality”  Nursery 
Products.  Liberal  commission  paid’  promptly. 
Outfit  free.  Experience  not  necessary.  PENN¬ 
SYLVANIA  NURSERY  CO.,  36,  GlUAItD,  PA. 


TIMOTHY  SEED 


ami  alsike,  both  new  crop, 
and  without  a  single  weed. 
Also  alfalfa,  vetch  and  crimson  clover. 

O.  M.  SCOTT  &  Sox,  100  Main  St.,  Marysville,  Ohio. 


.„  RYE  —Mammoth  white  Winter  rye,  choice  recleaned 
seed.  §1.25  per  bushel.  J  l"  I)  SON  JiltOS.,  Kinderkook,  N.Y . 


JONES  SEED  WHEAT 

Pure  and  Well  Cleaned.  "St.  Louis  Grand  Prize”  and 
“Red  Wave.”  Two  of  the  best  yielding  and  fly  re¬ 
sisting  wheats  grown.  Semi  for  samples  and  prices 

to  J.  N.  McPHERSON,  Pine  View  Farm,  Scottsville.  N.  Y. 


BEWDROP  STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 

Ready  now  in  any  quantity.  Largest  in  tlio  world. 

H.  F.  DEW,  Albion,  Michigan. 


APPLE  BARRELS^ ]$& 

or  Hoops.  ROBT.  GILLIES,  Medina, 


LOTS  OR 
Ai;;o  Heads 
N.  Y. 


— 99  %o  %  Pure — 

American  Ingot  Iron  Roofing 

Guaranteed  For  30  Years 

Without  Painting 

The  Only  Guaranteed  Metal  Roofing  ever  put  on  the 
market.  Samples  free.  Write  for  a  free  book  showing 
remarkable  tests.  A  way  out  of  your  roof  troubles. 

THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  CO..  Dept.  0,  ELYRIA,  OHIO 


“What  Hat  Will  be  Most 
Becoming  to  Me?” 

“What  suit  shall  I  wear,  what  dress 
shall  I  buy,  what  skirt,  what  waists, — 
where,  just  where  can  I  find  the 
clothes  most  becoming  to  me?” 

And  your  answer  is  printed  here. 

The  “National”  Style  Book,  your  Style 
Book,  assures  you  of  the  greatest  becom¬ 
ingness  by  giving  you  for  your  choice  the 
widest  variety  of  the  most  delightful  new 
styles  in  every  kind  of  apparel. 

And  the  whole  matter  of  the  selection 
of  your  clothes  is  thus  made  very  simple. 

Yo  u  only 
need  write  us 
today,  "Send 
me,  free,  my 
“National” 
Style  Book.” 
That  is  the 
one  impor¬ 
tant  fir-t  step 
— the  thing  to 
do  HOW. 


Copyright.  797 7,  by  National  Cloak  Sr  Suit  Cm 


And,  second,  select  from  this  Style  Book — from  all  New  York’s 
best  styles — the  garments  you  like  best.  Your  order  will  be  filled 
immediately,  express  charges  will  be  prepaid  by  us,  and  we  will 
take  all  the  risk  of  your  being  fitted  perfectly  and  entirely 
delighted.  You  thus  gain  in  Price,  Promptness  and  Style. 

“National”  low  prices  mean  an  important  saving  to  you. 
“National”  prices  are  so  low.  our  promptness  in  filling  orders 
so  well  known,  our  styles  so  beautiful  and  becoming,  that  today 
more  women  buy  their  apparel  at  the  “National”  than  buy  of 
any  other  house  in  the  entire  world. 

The  question  is'.  “Will  you  take  the  first  step  now  by  writing 
for  your  Style  Book?”  It  shows  you 


Dresses 
Coats  . 
Furs  . 


.  $10  to  $30 

.  $10  to  $50 

.  $2.25  to  $75 


Hats  . 
Skirts  . 
Waists 


$2.98  to  $15 
$3.98  to  $15 
.98  to  $10 


$15  to  $40 

Samples  of  Materials  Sent  Free 


Made  to 
Measure 


Also  a  full  line  of  Underwear,  Hosiery,  Scarfs,  Veils,  Raincoats, 
Gloves,  Sweaters,  Leather  Goods,  Jewelry,  and  a  complete 
line  of  Boys',  Misses’  and  Children’s  Wearing  Apparel. 

NATIONAL  T  ailored  Suits 


Each  Madc  to-Moasure  Suit  is  actually  cut  and  made  to 
order,  and  we  guarantee  each  suit  to  fit  perfectly  or  we  will 
cheerfully  refund  your  money. 

The  “NATIONAL”  Policy 

Wc  prepay  express  charges  on  all  our  goods  to  any 
part  of  the  world.  You  may  return  any  “NATIONAL” 
garment  not  satisfactory  to  you  and  wc  will  refund 
your  money  and  pay  express  charges  both  ways. 

In  writing  for  your  Style  Book,  be  sure  to  state  whether  you 
desire  samples  of  materials  used  for  "National”  Made-to- 
Measure  Tailored  Suits.  Samples  are  sent  gladly  but  only  when 
asked  for.  And  the  samples  and  the  Style  Book  are  well  worth 
asking  for — now. 

NATIONAL  CLOAK  &  SUIT  COMPANY 

273  West  24th  St.,  New  York  City 

Mail  Orders  Only  No  Agents  or  Branches 


Hyacinths,  Darwin  and  other 


Tulips,  Narcissus  and  Crocus, 
Easter  Lilies  and  hardy  Japan 
and  Native  Lilies.  English, 
Spanish  and  Japan  Iris.  Ereesias, 
Calochortus  and  Trilliums,  and  all 
other  Native  and  Foreign  Bulbs 
and  Roots  in  endless  variety. 


The  Largest  Assortment  in  America 

CATALOGUE  NOW  READY 
Mailed  free  for  the  asking 

J.  M.  THORBURN  &  CO. 

33  Barclay  Street  Dept.  Y  New  York 


Dl  ABIT  You  ean  save  a  season  by  planting  this 
I  LAN  I  Fall.  I  have  a  choice  stock  of  Apple, 
mil  IT  Pear,  Peaeli  and  Plum  trees— all  vari- 
■  Kill  I  ©ties-  Also  California  Privet.  Prompt 
shipments.  Lowest  prices.  Have  some 
special  offerings  in  Jersey  Red  Pigs. 
Quick  growers.  Prolific  and  profitable. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Send  today 
for  free  catalog. 

ARTHUR  J.  COLLINS 
Box  R  Moorestown,  N.  J» 

FOR  FALL  PLANTING 

Scientific  workmanship,  soil  and 
climate  of  the  Upper  Genesee  Valley 
make  our  trees  the  best  in  America 

KING  BROS.  NITRSRRIKS,  Dansville,  N.Y; 


Alfalfa  Clover 

Should  be  sown  during  August  and  Sep¬ 
tember.  We  offer  high  grade  seed  and 
will  send  you  sample  and  prices  on  re¬ 
quest. 

Crimson  Clover 

the  great  soil  improver;  also  earlv  green  • 

food,  grazing  and  hay.  Special  circular, 
sample  and  price  of  seed  on  request. 

Winter  Vetch 

(Vicia  Villosa) 

Valuable  as  a  winter  cover  crop  and  for 
green  manure.  Extremely  hardy.  Write 
for  price. 

Dreer’s  Autumn  Catalog 

Ready  early  in  September  and  mailed  free  to 
all  applicants;  offers  Seeds,  Plants  aud  Bulbs 
for  Fall  planting.  Write  for  a  copy. 


HENRY  A.  DREER 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA 

FRUIT  TREES 

We  are  ready  to  take  orders  for  Fall  Delivery 

for  BLACK’S  QUALITY  TREES. 

.  .  .  Send  for  Booklet  ...  * 

JOS.  H.  BLACK.  SON  &  CO..  HIGHTSTOWN,  N.  J. 

I 

F 

ri 

>each  and  Apple  Trees 

or  fall  or  spring  planting.  Prices  right;  stock 
ght.  MYER  &  SON,  Rridgeville,  Delaware 

’T'Tjr'rCf  f  By  the  Millions.  A  complete  line 
I  K  r  I1  ,1  1  at  wholesale  prices.  Large  supply 
•  of  peach  trees  and  Privet  Hedging. 
The  Westminster  Nursery,  Westminster,  Maryland 

CDIIIT  TDCCC  AND  plants  of  ALL  KINDS  at 

rnUI  1  1  llkLv  Reasonable  Prices.  Send 

for  Price  List.  BASIL  PERRY,  0.  18,  Cool  Spriuo,  Del. 

SEED  WHEAT 

Send  to  Originator  for  Red  Wave  and  Silver  Sheaf. 
The  latter  (Bearded)  has  been  sown  as  late  as 
November  with  success.  $2.00  per  bushel,  either 
sort.  Bags  lfio  extra.  A.  N.  JONES,  Batavia,  New  Yorh 


Plant  flic  Best  Trees  and  Save  Hall  of  Your  Money 


If  you  buy  of  tree  agents,  more  than  half  of  your  money  goes  to  the  agent 
for  his  wages  and  expenses.  This  you  save  by  buying  direct  from  us.  the 
growers,  at  wholesale  prices.  Our  trees  are  grown  from  bearing  orchards,  guar¬ 
anteed  true  to  name,  the  best  trees  that  money  can  buy,  fresh  dug,  no  scale  and 
personal  attention  given  each  order. 

Everybody  send  for  free  illustrated  catalogue.  Established  26  years. 
Capital  $60,000.00. 

MALONEY  BROS.  &  WELLS  CO.,  Box  19,  Dansville,  N.  Y. 


TREES 

THIS 

FALL 


101 1. 


the;  rural  nkw-yokkek 


©4i 


What  Ails  the  Cauliflower  Seed  ? 

V.  J.  11’.,  Adams,  N.  Y. — Why  should  my 
cauliflowers  act  as  they  do?  I  set  the 
plants  in  June;  they  have  grown  nicely 
and  as  soon  as  the  head  started  I  tied  up 
the  leaves  as  usual,  but  instead  of  forming 
a  solid  head  they  began  to  grow  tall  and 
prongy  and  the  leaves  started  up  through 
the  head,  and  they  all  branched  out,  some 
a  foot  high. 

Ans. — One  can  seldom  form  a  cor¬ 
rect  opinion  in  regard  to  the  action  of 
any  plant  unless  he  is  familiar  with  all 
the  conditions  under  which  it  has  been 
grown,  and  the  conditions  under  which 
the  seed  was  produced.  You  do  not 
say  where  the  seed  came  from;  that  is, 
not  what  dealer  sold  them,  but  what 
climate  they  were  grown  in.  I  was 
hoping  years  ago  that  our  north  Pacific 
coast  growers  would  succeed  in  produc¬ 
ing  as  good  cauliflower  seed  as  the 
Danes.  When  they  first  began  to  grow 
cauliflower  seed  on  the  Pacific  coast  a 
grower  in  Washington  sent  .me  some 
seed  that  made  as  good  heads  as  any 
of  the  Danish  seed,  but  of  late  years 
there  seems  to  be  some  difficulty  in 
getting  good  seed  of  American  growth. 
Whether  it  is  the  fault  of  the  method 
of  growing  them  or  the  effect  of  climate 
I  cannot  say,  but  I  no  longer  risk  cauli¬ 
flower  seed  unless  I  know  that  it  is  the 
best  Denmark  seed.  S'aving  seed  from 
plants  that  do  not  form  a  solid  and 
compact  head  of  bloom,  but  from  tall 
branching  heads,  would  in  all  probabil¬ 
ity  lead  to  the  making  of  just  such 
heads  as  you  have  had.  It  takes  a  great 
deal  of  rogueing  out  of  any  plant  to 
produce  the  best  seed,  and  this  is  a 
costly  operation,  reducing  the  bulk  of 
the  crop,  and  often  growers  who  aim 
rather  to  undersell  competitors  than  to 
produce  a  first-class  article  will  not  do 
this  careful  rogueing.  The  remedy  is 
to  avoid  low-priced  seed  of  any  sort,  and 
deal  only  with  firms  that  have  made  a 
reputation  for  the  best,  and  who  value 
that  reputation  too  much  to  deal  in  low- 
priced  seed.  If  you  had  good  seed,  the 
difficulty  may  have  been  caused  by  the 
peculiar  season,  the  plants  having  been 
checked  by  drought,  and  suddenly 
started  into  fresh  growth  by  rains.  This 
might  cause  the  trouble  with  the  best  of 
seed.  But  even  in  this  uncommonly  dry 
and  hot  Summer  I  have  seen  some  fairly 
good  cauliflowers  grown  here  and 
headed  in  August  from  Danish  seed,  a 
feat  that  I  never  expected  to  see  this 
far  south  in  late  Summer. 

Maryland.  w.  F.  massey. 


Use  of  Sea  Waste. 

I  note  what  you  say  on  page  798  about 
rockweed.  We  have  some  of  the  weeds 
here,  but  not  anything  like  they  have  in 
Texas  on  the  Gulf  Coast.  If  it  has  the 
fertilizer  in  it  you  say  it  has  it  ought  to 
pay  to  pile  it  up  witli  a  hay  rake  and 
then  haul  it  with  a  team.  I  want  to  use 
it  on  potatoes.  IIow  should  I  use  it, 
under  or  on  top  of  potatoes,  mix  it  in 
witli  fertilizer?  Would  it  be  all  right  to 
use  it  as  a  mulching  around  trees? 

Florida.  j.  a.  z. 

This  sea  waste  varies  in  composition. 
Along  the  upper  Atlantic  coast  it  is  quite 
freely  used  up  to  10  or  15  miles  inland. 
There  it  is  handled  much  like  coarse 
manure  and  spread  on  meadows  or  plowed 
under.  Seaweed  or  eel  grass  is  hard  and 
tough  and  does  not  decay  readily.  Kelp 
and  rockweed  decay  faster  and  can  be  used 
in  a  compost  with  manure,  muck,  sods,  etc. 
We  should  plow  the  coarse  sea  waste  un¬ 
der,  hut  scatter  the  finely  decomposed 
rockweed  and  harrow  it  in. 


Cover  Crop  for  Peach  Orchard. 

I  have  an  orchard  of  500  peach  trees, 
set  last  Spring,  that  I  expect  to  seed  to 
a  mixture  of  wheat,  Winter  vetch  and 
Crimson  clover  about  September  i  for  a 
cover  crop  to  be  plowed  under  next  Spring. 
Can  I  succeed  in  plowing  under  this  green 
crop  next  April  if  ground  is  entirely  cov¬ 
ered  or  would  I  better  leave  a  strip  un- 
seeded,  say  four  feet  along  each  row  of 
trees  ?  Hand  digging  is  too  expensive. 
What  is  the  practice  of  the  best  growers 
along  this  line?  I.  m. 

I’hillipsburg,  N.  J. 

Vos,  go  ahead  and  sow  the  crop  all  over. 
A  good  plowman  can  get  up  to  the  trees. 
In  some  cases  we  make  two  plowings,  one 
early  taking  a  strip  on  each  side  of  the 
rows.  This  puts  part  of  the  cover  crop 
under  while  it  is  small.  The  middle  thus 
makes  a  larger  crop  and  this  can  be  plowed 
under  when  full  grown. 


Knife  for  Thinning  Corn. — I  note  on 
page  897  a  knife  for  thinning  corn.  I 
have  used  a  similar  knife  for  80  years  or 
more  for  trimming  raspberries  and  black¬ 
berries.  I  find  a  notch  ground  into  the 
cutting  edge  close  to  the  handle,  about 
one-lialf  inch  in  diameter,  and  the  edge 
made  sharp  makes  it  a  much  more  service¬ 
able  tool.  It  can  be  inserted  in  clumps 
where  no  other  cutting  tool  can  be  put, 
and  after  the  stalk  is  cut  the  loose  brush 
can  be  pulled  out  without  the  use  of  the 
hands  directly,  a  great  advantage  iu  hand¬ 
ling  dead  blackberry  canes.  c.  P.  A. 

Connecticut. 

Iron  Lined  Chimney. — I  am  now  having 
much  trouble  with  one  chimney.  It  is 
located  in  an  exposed  position  to  the  west 
wind,  and  requires  rebuilding  every  year 
or  two,  as  the  mortar  crumbles  out  and 
spoils  the  draught.  It  requires  about  25 
feet  of  pipe  from  the  stove,  and  creosote 
gives  some  trouble.  Have  any  of  your 
readers  had  any  experience  in  lining  chim¬ 
ney  with  roofing  steel,  or  would  there  be 
any  objection  to  putting  in  the  steel  and 
building  chimney  around  it  from  the  roof 
up?  If  anyone  has  had  experience  of  this 
kind  I  should  like  to  hear  from  him.  * 

Franklin,  Vt.  a.  s.  h. 

Poison  Ivy. — A  number  of  years  ago,  in 
taking  away  a  fence  along  the  roadside,  I 
had  occasion  to  destroy  a  patch  of  ivy  three 
or  four  rods  long  by  10  feet  in  width.  I 
found  when  plowing  a  mass  of  roots  three 
to  four  inches  deep  and  occupying  the  soil 
like  quack  grass.  I  cultivated  thoroughly 
until  about  July  1,  planting  to  late  sweet 
corn,  enabling  me  to  work  the  ground  late 
in  the  season.  This  course  was  followed 
for  three  years,  when  I  set  a  row  of 
apple  trees  in  the  fence  line.  They  are 
now  in  bearing,  and  each  season  I  look 
that  ground  over  carefully  and  most  alwavs 
find  a  few  sprouts  to  dig  out.  I  can  scarcely 
believe  that  cutting  off  each  year  will  de¬ 
stroy  it.  as.  we  never  allow  weeds  of  any 
kind  to  grow  along  the  fences,  cutting 
them  every  year,  and  ivy  with  the  rest,  but 
it  seems  to  thrive  under  the  knife.  Last 
year  we  suffered  a  severe  drought  and  pas¬ 
tures  were  bare  of  everything  to  the  ground. 
A  few  days  ago  I  looked  carefully  for  ivy 
where  my  sheep  were  last  year.  ‘  I  found 
it  still  there,  but  small,  owing  as  much 
to  a  worse  drought  this  Summer.  As  to 
any  ill  effect  from  pasturing,  possibly  sheep 
would  kill  it,  if  they  had  access  to  it  every 
year  during  the  whole  growing  season,  as 
they  will  leave  grass  to  feed  upon  it.  I 
cannot  understand  how  it  spreads  to  distant 
places  so  rapidly,  as  I  find  new  places 
every  year  and  it  worries  me,  as  so  many 
are  poisoned.  A  neighbor  has  suffered  from 
it  from  April  until  the  present  time.  My 
son  and  myself  are  both  immune,  handling 
it  as  we  would  any  weed.  Cheap  salt  or 
gas  lime,  put  on  small  patches  in  sufficient 
quantities  to  destroy  vegetation,  would  be 
about  as  safe  for  most  people.  j.  s.  w. 

I  find  poison  ivy  is  best  destroyed  by 
spraying  with  kerosene  thoroughly  and 
then  burning.  In  this  section  the  plant 
thrives  best  along  old  stone  walls  and  many 
of  the  roots  are  beneath  the  walls,  and 
cannot  be  easily  reached.  Give  the  oil  a 
little  time  to  penetrate  the  wall  and  the 
kerosene  fire  treatment  will  be  found  ef¬ 
fective.  m 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

A  HIT 

What  She  Gained  by  Trying  Again.' 

A  failure  at  first  makes  us  esteem  final 
success. 

A  family  in  Minnesota  that  now  en¬ 
joys  Postum  would  never  have  ‘known 
how  good  it  fe  if  the  mother  had  been 
discouraged  by  the  failure  of  her  first 
attempt  to  prepare  it.  Her  sort  tells 
the  story : 

“We  had  never  used  Postum  till  last 
spring  when  father  brought  home  a 
package  one  evening  just  to  try  it.  We 
had  heard  from  our  neighbors,  and  in 
fact  every  one  who  used  it,  how  well 
they  liked  it. 

“Well,  the  next  morning  Mother 
brewed  it  about  five  minutes,  just  as 
she  had  been  in  the  habit  of  doing  with 
coffee  without  paying  special  attention 
to  the  directions  printed  on  the  package. 
It  looked  weak  and  didn’t  have  a  very 
promising  color,  but  nevertheless  father 
raised  his  cup  with  an  air  of  expectancy. 
It  certainly  did  give  him  a  great  sur¬ 
prise,  but  I’m  afraid  it  wasn’t  a  very 
pleasant  one,  for  he  put  down  his  cup 
with  a  look  of  disgust. 

“Mother  wasn’t  discouraged  though, 
and  next  morning  gave  it  another  trial, 
letting  it  stand  on  the  stove  till  boiling 
began  and  then  letting  it  boil  for  fifteen 
or  twenty  minutes,  and  this  time  we 
were  all  so  pleased  with  it  that  we  have 
used  it  ever  since. 

“Father  was  a  confirmed  dyspeptic  and 
a  cup  of  coffee  was  to  him  like  poison.  So 
he  never  drinks  it  any  more,  but  drinks 
Postum  regularly.  He  isn’t  troubled 
with  dyspepsia  now  and  is  actually 
growing  fat,  and  I’m  sure  Postum  is  the 
cause  of  it.  All  the  children  are  allowed 
to  drink  it  and  they  are  perfect  pictures 
of  health.”  Name  given  by  Postum 
Co.,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

Read  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs.  “There’s  a  reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


For  Country  Homes 


Cooking  Fuel  and  Illuminating  Gas 

Made  at  Home  with  a 
Little  Machine 
Like  This 


ABOUT  once  a  month  this  ma¬ 
chine  must  be  refilled  with 
gas-producing  stone  and 
wound  up  like  a  clock. 

When  obediently  it  stands  idle 
until  you  start  to  cook  or  turn  on 
the  lights. 

Then,  with  no  attention 
whatever,  it  gets  busy  and 
makes  gas  automatically — 
just  enough  to  keep  your 
stove  and  your  lights  go¬ 
ing. 

The  stone,  known  com¬ 
mercially  as  “UNION 
CARBIDE,’ ’  gives  up  its 
gas  when  the  machine 
drops  a  few  lumps  into 
plain  water — a  little  at  a 
time  as  the  gas  is  wanted. 

The  gas  is  genuine 
Acetylene.  Burned  in 
handsome  chandeliers  it 
gives  a  flood  of  brilliant 
pure  white  light. 

Burned  in  the  kitchen  range,  it  makes 
a  hot  blue  fire  that  can  be  instantly 
turned  up  or  down,  on  or  off. 

For  both  cooking  and  lighting  it  is 
used  exactly  as  city  gas  is  used  by 
over  twenty  million  city  people. 

As  a  fuel,  it  flows  right  into  your 
stove  without  handling  and  burns  with¬ 
out  soot  or  ashes. 

As  a  light,  its  white,  sunlike  beauty 
is  unrivaled.  Reflected  from  handsome 
globes  suspended  from  brass  or  bronze 
chandeliers,  it  supplies  the  up-to-date 
city-like  appearance  of  refinement  and 
elegance  which  the  average  country 
home  lacks. 

Moreover,  it  is  not  poisonous  to 
breathe,  and  the  flame  is  so  stiff  the 
wind  can ’t  blow  it  out. 

The  UNION  CARBIDE  you  dump  in 
the  machine  once  a  month  won’t  burn 
and  can’t  explode. 

In  a  nutshell,  one  of  these  gas  ma¬ 
chines  installed  in  the  cellar  or  an  out¬ 
building  of  a  country  home  solves  the 


lighting  and  cooling  problems  for 
all  time. 

And  they  are  so  easy  to  install  in 
any  home  without  injuring  walls  or 
carpets  that  there  are  now  over 
180,000  Acetylene  Gas  Machines  in 
actual  use. 

We  manufacture  and  our 
agents  arrange  for  install¬ 
ing  thousands  of  them 
every  month  in  all  parts  of 
the  world. 

There  are,  of  course, 
many  crude  imitations  of 
our  machine  on  the  market, 
but  the  genuine  is  easily 
distinguished  by  its  name 
and  our  trademark 


“Pilot" 

Acetylene 

Generators 


On  the  first  return 
mail  we  will  send  you 
free  literature  telling  how  Cornell 
l  Diversity  has  been  growing  plants  by 
our  light — why  oculists  recommend  it 
for  eye-strain — why  the  Insurance 
Engineers  pronounced  it  much  safer 
than  kerosene — how  the  lights  can  be 
placed  in  barns  and  outbuildings — how 
they,  can  be  equipped  to  light  up  with¬ 
out  matches — and  how  the  gas  range 
shortens  kitchen  hours  and  makes  cook¬ 
ing  a  pleasure. 

With  these  booklets  telling  all  this 
wonder  story,  we  will  send  figures  show¬ 
ing  how  little  a  “PILOT  ’’  lighting 
and  cooking  equipment  will  cost  in  your 
case. 

Just  write  us  how  many  rooms  and 
buildings  you  have  to  light  and  where 
you  are  located.  Address  vour  letter  to 
the  ACETYLENE  APPARATUS 
MFG.  CO — People’s  Gas  Building, 
Michigan  Blvd.,  Chicago,  Ill. 


Astounding  Profits  IVIade  by 
Owners  of  New  Hay  Press 


The  New  Sandwich  Motor  Press— a 
combination  All-Steel  Hay  Press  and 
Gasoline  Engine- 
makes  hay  baling  a  most 
profitable  business. 

Pays  $10  a  day  profit  on 
a  few  hundred  dollars 
invested.  Demands  no 

previous  experience;  does  not  take  you  Bales  3/4  Ton* 

away  from  your  home  county;  leaves  you  HOUR 

free  to  do  what  you  please  during  the  rer  r*'“ 

spring  and  early  summer  months!  It’s  worth  something,  too,  to  be  one’s  own  boss. 

Sandwich  Ail-Steel  Motor  Press 


The  secret  of  big  profits  in  hay  baling  is 
big  tonnage.  In  the  Sandwich  Motor  Press 

you  get  a  high-class,  big-capacity  outfit,  yet  it 
is  low-priced. 

It  is  complete  and  compact.  Easy  to  move, 
always  ready  for  work— no  setting  up  engine. 
Chain  drive.  No  belts  to  adjust,  or  lose 
power.  Easy  to  start  or  stop  press  instantly. 
Substantial  construction.  Steel  press— axles, 
wheels  and  platforms  reinforced  throughout. 
7  H.  P.  hopper-cooled  engine.  Tank  under¬ 
neath.  Equipped  with  batteries  and  mag¬ 
neto,  combination  seat,  battery  and  tool  box, 
and  standard  gasoline  pump.  If  you  have 
an  engine,  buy  press  alone.  Any  stand¬ 


ard  hopper-cooled  engine  can  be  used. 

The  Sandwich  All-Steel  Motor  Press  bales 
2Vi  to  314  tons  per  hour.  Has  self-feeder 
equipment.  Takes  double  charge  of  hay. 
Has  no  condenser  box— needs  no  foot  tamp¬ 
ing— feeds  direct  from  fork.  No  balance 
wheels,  no  high-speed  machinery.  Fast, 
simple,  strong,  light  of  draft. 

We  make  presses  with  or  without  engines 
—wood  frame  and  steel  frame— horse  power 
and  engine  power— in  all  sizes  up  to  tive-ton 
per  hour  capacity.  Prices  reasonable. 

Drop  us  a  line  today  for  new  book  about 
the  Astounding  Profits  in  Hay  Baling.  Let 
us  tell  you  more  about  the  wonderful  Sand¬ 
wich  Motor  Press.  (.45) 


SANDWICH  MFG.  CO.,  469  Spruce  St.,  Sandwich,  III. 


942 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


September  23, 


THE  CONSUMER’S  DOLLAR. 

A  Grocer  on  Prices  and  Practice. 

1  am  a  grocer  and  dealer  in  fruits  and 
vegetables.  I  buy  all  my  vegetables  direct 
from  the  grower;  fruit  is  bought  from 
commission  merchants  ;  and  I  find  them  as 
a  class  far  more  honorable  than  the  far¬ 
mers,  although  you  unduly  praise  the  far¬ 
mer  and  “knock”  the  commission  man. 
On  Friday  last  I  bought  two  crates  of 
tomatoes  from  the  grower  direct  for  $2. 
1  kept  careful  watch  and  collected  $1.40 
for  these  tomatoes,  and  considered  myself 
lucky  in  not  having  a  greater  loss.  I 
expect  and  am  always  satisfied  to  lose  10 
per  cent  on  all  fruit  and  vegetables  han¬ 
dled.  The  waste  and  loss,  with  the  great¬ 
est  care,  cannot  be  avoided ;  the  average 
housewife  being  finicky  and  paying  only 
for  her  pick  of  the  fruit  and  vegetables, 
after  which  the  remainder  is  sold  at  a 
loss.  This  loss  1  make  up  in  the  sales  of 
tea  and  coffee,  receiving  as  high  as  100 
per  cent  profit.  Yet  you  never  write  a 
line  in  behalf  of  the  poor  Chinaman  farmer. 

Only  a  day  or  two  ago  a  relative  from 
Delaware  was  in  my  store  condemning  a 
commission  merchant  for  making  no  return 
for  a  shipment  of  peaches  1  made  in¬ 
quiry  in  the  matter,  found  the  peaches 
were  shipped  on  a  Friday  afternoon,  reach¬ 
ing  the  market  on  Saturday  after  the 
close  of  business.  The  commission  man 
good-naturedly  had  them  put  in  cold  stor¬ 
age  in  an  effort  to  save  them  for  Monday’s 
market,  making  no  charge  for  the  hand¬ 
ling.  On  Monday  they  had  to  be  taken 
to  the  dumps,  and  yet  this  intelligent 
Firmer,  for  such  he  is.  blamed  the  com¬ 
mission  man  for  his  own  stupidity.  I  be¬ 
lieve  there  are  always  two  sides  to  every 
question,  and  while  your  able  efforts  in 
behalf  of  poor  farmers  are  to  be  admired, 
you  seldom  or  never  say  a  word  against  the 
fraud  farmer.  I  remember  years  ago  when 
the  Hope  Farm  man  lived  in  a  flat  in 
New  York ;  during  a  very  cold  Winter  he 
complained  unjustly.  I  think,  of  the  price 
of  boiled  ham  being  40  cents  a  pound, 
while  he  could  only  get  5  cents  a  pound 
for  his  pigs  in  a  pen  on  a  farm;  10  cents 
worth  of  ham  prepared  and  ready  to  be 
eaten  is  a  long  way  from  a  live  hog.  I 
was  amused  at  the  complaint  of  ,T.  Grant 
Morse,  the  writer  and  pedigreed  cattle 
breeder,  paying  too  much  for  a  pedigreed 
horse  and  forgetting  the  fact  that  he,  you 
and  I  buy  cheap  and  sell  dear.  I  certainly 
admired  those  horsemen  and  I  think  you 
were  unfair  in  not  saying  a  word  of  com¬ 
mendation  about  them.  How  do  you  jus¬ 
tify  condemning  a  man  for  doing  what  you 
would  do  vourself? 

Dong  Island.  CHAS.  H.  SCHLOO. 

II.  N.-Y. — We  could  easily  match  this 
with  true  stories  of  stones  in  butter  and 
sand  in  sugar  put  there  by  grocers.  That 
is  not  the  point.  How  much  does  a  farmer 
get  of  what  his  produce  brings  at  retail? 
'I’here  are  cases  on  both  sides  of  the  ques¬ 
tion  which  might  he  used  to  make  an  ex¬ 
travagant  statement,  but  we  are  after  facts 
no  matter  what  they  show.  Suppose  Mr. 
Schloo  tells  ns  how  the  average  farmer 
can  “buy  cheap.” 


robbing  both  the  producer  and  consumer. 
It  seems  to  me  that  in  small  villages  the  1 
farmer,  by  advertising  in  the  local  papers 
that  he  would  be  in  town  on  a  certain  day 
and  hour  at  a  designated  point  with  his 
load,  might  sell  to  good  advantage  direct 
from  his  wagon,  and  not  use  up  a  great  deal 
of  time.  In  the  larger  cities  if  the  autliori-  ! 
ties  will  not  furnish  a  place,  it  seems  as  if  ! 
the  farmers’  exchanges  might  take  hold  of 
the  matter,  and  in  time  make  it  a  success,  j 
P.ut  under  this  system  of  ours  the  almighty 
dollar  seems  to  be  the  one  thing  uppermost 
in  all  minds,  and  everyone  who  is  given  the 
opportunity  grabs  all  he  can.  Truly  it  is 
the  root  of  all  evil,  and  it  looks  as  if  the 
only  way  to  get  justice  is  to  do  away  with 
the  love  for  the  root.  F.  b.  s. 

R.  N.-Y. — And  the  job  is  worse  than  clean¬ 
ing  out  crab  grass  or  Canada  thistle. 


The  New  York  State  Fair. 

State  fair  week  at  Syracuse  started  cold 
and  windy  with  attendance  below  the  aver¬ 
age.  As  the  weather  cleared  the  crowd 
came  in  larger  numbers  and  on  several 
days  filled  the  grounds.  As  years  pass 
and  the  trees  grow  larger  the  fair  grounds 
come  to  look  more  like  a  park,  justifying 
the  judgment  which  located  the  fair  per¬ 
manently  at  Syracuse. 

There  was  an  immense  display  of  all 
farm  products  of  this  latitude.  We  shall 
give  later  studies  of  the  various  exhibits 
as  they  indicate  the  development  of  agri¬ 
culture  in  New  York  State.  Fruit,  dairy¬ 
ing  and  poultry  are  growing  rapidly  in 
importance  and  the  exhibits  of  fruit,  cattle 
and  hens  show  the  tendency  of  such  de¬ 
velopment.  One  of  the  most  attractive 
displays  was  that  of  exhibits  made  by 
various  State  departments — such  as  chari¬ 
ties,  weights  and  measures  and  health. 
The  State  fair  has  now  come  to  be  a 
great  industrial  exposition — too  large  to 
be  studied  with  any  care  in  less  than  a 
week.  It  is  a  great  gathering  place  for 
the  farmers.  Mayor  Gaynor,  of  New  York  ; 
President  Taft.  Governor  I)ix.  Lieutenant- 
Governor  Conway.  and  others,  made 
speeches  and  gave  the  farmers  more  of  less 
sound  advice.  As  an  exhibit  and  in  its 
human  interest  the  fair  of  1911  will  rank 
as  one  of  the  best. 

We  have  a  fruit  farm  here  of  9,500  trees,  J 
with  6,500  sour  cherry  trees ;  the  remainder 
are  apple,  plums  and  pears.  This  season’s  ; 
crops  are  as  follows :  We  picked  80  tons 
of  sour  cherries,  500  bushels  plums  and  700 
bushels  pears.  We  have  an  orchard  of  Win¬ 
ter  apples  of  600  trees  set  nine  years ;  we 
estimate  the  crop  at  1.500  barrels.  We  also  : 
have  harvested  1,200  bushels  Fall  apples. 

Manlius,  N.  Y.  o.  h.  p. 

We  are  having  seasonable  weather,  with 
plenty  of  rain.  Late  crops  are  benefited. 
Potatoes  are  a  failure.  Corn  crop  will  be 
good ;  farmers  are  busy  plowing  for  Fall 
wheat.  Hard  times  heard  on  all  sides  on 
account  of  failure  of  farm  products:  wheat 
90  cents,  corn  65,  oats  40.  bivtter  22,  eggs 
20,  lard  11.  new  potatoes  $1.25,  peaches  $1 
to  $1.50  per  basket.  D.  D.  s. 

Middleburg,  Pa. 


SAVE  MONEY 

Farn  Mnr#*With  an  “0TT0”  Port- 
LdFI1  AVAOre  able  Power  Plant.  The 

most  dependable  and  economical  for  saw¬ 
ing  wood,  filling  silo,  threshing,  etc. 
Saves  one  team  and  two  men  threshing 
grain.  No  coal  or  water  to  haul.  No 
sparks  to  set  fire  to  barn  or  crops.  No 
danger  of  boiler  explosion.  No  smoke  or 
dirt.  You  need  not  bring  the  work  to  the 
engine — you  take  it  to  the  work,  whether 
on  your  own  or  others’  farms.  Will  save 
its  cost  on  your  own  work  and  make  you 
money  doing  work  for  your  neighbors. 


PORTABLE 

GASOLINE 

ENGINES 


are  simple  and  strong;  do  not  get  out  of 
order;  they  finish  the  job.  Are  built  in  four 
sizes,  4-6-10-15  horse  power — cooled  by 
hopper  jacket.  We  also  make  10-15  and 
20  horse  power  portable  outfits  fan- 
cooled;  all  have  steel  wheels;  choice  of 
steel  or  wood  trucks.  Every  engine  is  thor¬ 
oughly  tested  before  shipping.  100,000 
“OTTO”  engines  sold;  475  medals  and 
diplomas  awarded  in  the  U.  S.  and  Eu¬ 
rope  since  Dr.  Nicholas  Otto  invented  the 
first  engine  in  1864.  Tell  us  your  needs 
to-day,  and  we  will  send  you  our  illus¬ 
trated  Bulletin  No.  31  FREE,  certainly. 


THE  OTTO  GAS  ENGINE  WORKS 

3304  Walnut  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa, _ 

—zazjiaag— cu  jhtj.,1  .  i.  ■  ■nMncan™*^— — — 1 


FARM  MANAGER  WANTED 

Wanted— a  praetieal  Farm  Manager  of  executive 
ability:  thorough  knowledge  of  all  branches  of 
domestic  farming.  Must  have  good  references  as 
to  character  and  reliability.  State  age,  family  (if 
any),  experience,  and  wages  required.  Address: 
R.X.  I,.,  150  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City. 


$25.00  buys  this 


Watts  power  corn 
sheller,  (with  a  little, 
of  course,  added  for 
freight,  etc.,  to  your 

station)  which  will 
shell  120  bushels  of  corn 
an  hour.  Less  than  half 
the  cost  of  its  nearest 
competitor. 


Has  a  feed  grinding 
attachment  for  only 
$11.50  more,  that  equals 
the  work  of  any  $25.00 
to  $35.00 
grinder. 

Pays  for 
itself  in  a 
good  two 
days  run. 

Any  farmer  can  shell  when 
he  wants  to  and  sell  at  the 


right  price. 


Guaranteed  satisfactory 
5  days  free  trial. 


Dealers  everywhere.  Write 
for  booklet. 


Seager  Engine  Works 

1028  Hazel  St.  Lansing,  Mich. 


PRACTICAL  FARM  MANAGER  open  for  engagement  on 
up-to-date  farm  Thoroughly  understands  farm¬ 
ing,  dairying,  all  farm  machinery,  including  steam 
and  gasoline  engines.  Can  get  results.  American; 
small  family;  strictly  sober;  good  refer,  nces. 
Address:  “P.  L.  E,”  care  Rural  New-Yorker. 


Ox  page  856  C.  I.  says  potatoes  wore 
$1.60  a  bushel  on  the  market  at  Rochester, 
N.  Y.  About  the  same  time  a  working 
woman  in  New  York  City  was  paying  her 
corner  grocer  12  rents  a  quart  for  them, 
and  peaches  (which  she  said  of  course  she 
couldn't  afford)  were  30  cents  a  quart. 

Consumer’s  Dollar  for  Cheese. 

An  cut  the  high  cost  of  living.  I  note  that 
The  Louisville  Courier-Journal  of  July  12. 
roil,  quotes  Wisconsin  full  cream  cheese  at 
15  cents  a  pound,  wholesale,  (on  the  above 
date).  This  is  the  cost  to  the  retail  mer¬ 
chant  after  the  Wisconsin  factory  has  added 
the  cost  of  labor  to  the  raw  material,  the 
factory  profit  on  to  that,  the  transportation 
charges  on  top  of  the  factory  profit,  and  the 
wholesale  merchant’s  profit  added  to  the 
railroad  freight.  On  the  same  date  the  same 
cheese  retailed  in  our  local  market  (a  small 
country  town)  for  25  cents  a  pound.  Would 
it  not  he  proper  for  some  aspiring  Con¬ 
gressman  to  have  another  congressional 
committee  investigate  the  farmer  again,  to 
determine  why  he  is  making  the  cost  of  liv¬ 
ing  so  high?  The  suggestion  might  also 
be  offered  that  some  of  our  aspiring  politi¬ 
cians  who  are  playing  the  role  of  states¬ 
man  in  the  amateur  league,  adopt  as  a 
slogan  : 

“The  prosperity  of  the  American  farmer 
is  a  menace  to  the  Nation.” 

Washington.  a.  c.  auldon. 

Public  Market  at  South  Bend,  Ind. 

This  market  was  opened  a  few  weeks 
ago,  and  has  been  successfully  operated 
since  Tuesdays.  Thursdays  and  Saturdays 
of  each  week.  Not  having  a  suitable  and 
central  available  place,  other  than  the  one 
selected,  the  authorities  granted  the  com¬ 
mittee  in  charge  the  right  to  use  a  long 
wide  cement  bridge  crossing  the  St.  Joseph 
River,  in  the  heart  of  the  city.  Wagons 
of  produce  are  backed  up  to  the  curb  on 
hut  one  side  of  the  bridge,  leaving  ample 
room  for  the  passage  of  vehicles.  The  city 
scaler  is  in  charge  of  the  market,  and  his 
word  is  law.  It  is  thought  both  producers 
and  consumers  are  benefited  by  dealing  at 
first  hands,  the  producer  by  selling  more 
at  a  better  figure,  and  the  consumer  by 
getting  strictly  fresh  produce  at  a  substan¬ 
tial  reduction.  The  grocers  complain,  say¬ 
ing  they  sell  but  a  fraction  of  the  amount 
they  used  to  handle.  Patrons  of  the  mar¬ 
ket  are  required  to  remain  in  position  until 
10  a.  m.,  the  closing  hour,  unless  sold  out. 
Those  wishing  to  dispose  of  their  wares  at 
wholesale  can  go  down  under  the  bridge  or 
on  other  streets  and  barter  with  the  host 
of  wagon  peddlers.  a.  w.  b. 

R.  N.-Y.— The  South  Bend  papers  have 
given  much  space  to  reports  of  the  mar¬ 
ket.  With  proposed  additions  there  will 
be  room  for  300  farm  wagons. 

Cucumber  Prices. 

I  was  on  the  public  market  in  Buffalo 
last  Tuesday.  The  price  of  cucumbers  was 
(the  highest)  50  cents  per  bushel,  which 
would  count  about.  100.  Four  blocks  from 
there  I  priced  cucumbers  in  a  grocery  store 
and  they  asked  throe  and  four  cents  each 
for  a  fair  sample.  What  per  cent,  of  the 
consumer’s  dollar  did  the  producer  get  here? 

New  York.  c.  r.  w. 

There  is  no  doubt  in  my  mind  that  the 
middleman,  combined  with  the  “trusts,”  Is 


Is  your  farm  the  most  attractive  in 
your  locality  ?  Could  you  sell  out 
for  more  than  the  place  cost  you  ? 


Sherwin  -  Williams  Paint 
(Prepared)  (S  W  P) 

for  buildings  outside  and  inside  — 
covers  most,  wears  longest,  looks  best. 

Sherwin  -Williams 
Commonwealth  Barn  Red 

made  especially  for  painting  barns, 
corn  cribs,  roofs,  fences,  etc. 

Sherwin  -Williams 
Inside  Floor  Paint 

dries  over  night,  wears  well,  stands 
scrubbing  and  foot  wear. 

Sherwin  -  Williams 
Wagon  and  Implement  Paint 

made  especially  for  farm  wagons,  im¬ 
plements,  tools,  machinery,  etc. 

Sherwin  -Williams 
Roof  and  Bridge  Paint 

for  painting  roofs,  outbuildings, 
bridges,  etc.  Comes  in  four  colors. 


NOTHING  runs  down  a  farm  so 
rapidly  as  the  lack  of  paint.  The 
longer  your  buildings  are  allowed  to 
go  without  paint,  the  more  paint  it  takes 
and  the  more  time  to  apply  it.  Keep  things 
painted  and  use  good  paint. 

One  name  in  the  paint  field  stands  for 
quality — The  Sherwin-Williams  Company 
— paint  makers  from  start  to  finish. 

You  can  get  every  kind  of  paint  or  varnish 
from  a  Sherwin-Williams  dealer  near  you. 
You  can  get  direct  from  us  a  most  informing 
book,  telling  just  what  paint  to  buy  for  each 
particular  surface  and  just  how  to  apply  it. 
This  book  is  free,  and  it  should  be  in  the 
hands  of  every  farmer.  Write  for  it  today. 


Sherwin-Williams  Buggy  Paint 

for  painting  and  varnishing  at  one 
operation,  buggies, automobile6,sleighs 
and  other  surfaces  where  a  high  gloss 
finish  is  desired. 

Sherwin-Williams  Paris  Green 

kills  ttie  bugs  and  does  not  blight 
the  foliage.  Send  for  booklet. 

Sherwin  -  Williams 
New  Process  Arsenate  of  Lead 

kills  leaf-eating  insects,  grubs  and 
moths.  Send  for  booklet. 

Sherwin  -Williams  Lime  Sulfur 

for  the  destruction  of  San  Jose  Scale 
and  other  sucking  insects.  Send  for 
booklet. 

Write  today  for  these  free  books: 

“Paint*  and  Varnishes  for  the  Farm” 
“S-W  Brighten-Up  Booklet” 
“Booklet  on  Insecticide*.” 


Sherwin  -Williams 
Paints  £  Varnishes 

Sold  by  dealers  everywhere.  Ask  for  color  cards.  Address  all  inquiries  to 
The  Sherwin-Williams  Co.,  635  Canal  Road,  N.W.,  Cleveland,  O.  In  Canada,  to  639  Centre  St..  Montreal 


1911. 


043 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


DUTIES  OF  POSTMASTERS. 

E.  M.  F.,  Port  Byron,  X.  Y. — I  live  on 
an  R.  F.  D.  route.  Mail  is  delivered  about 
10  a.  in.  If  I  expect  important  mail  and 
believe  it  is  at  the  post  office  on  Saturday 
night,  and  go  to  the  office  and  ask  for  it, 
is  the  postmaster  obliged  to  ascertain  if  it 
is  there  or  not,  and  if  there  hand  it  out? 
I  called  for  such  matter  last  Saturday 
evening  and  was  informed  that  I  live  on  an 
II.  F.  D.  and  would  get  my  mail  through 
that  course. 

Ans. — Our  understanding  is  that  in 
such  cases  the  postmaster  can  use  his 
judgment — or  does  as  he  pleases.  He 
ought  to  be  accommodating  enough  to 
get  the  mail.  Some  of  them,  will  do  so. 
We  have  been  in  the  country  and  had  a 
farmer  send  a  note  to  the  postmaster 
asking  for  such  letters.  They  were 
cheerfully  delivered.  A  postmaster  is 
supposed  to  be  a  public  servant.  He  is 
usually  well  paid  and  well  provided  with 
help,  and  be  should  be  decent  and  ac¬ 
commodating  to  patrons. 


A  HIGH  VACATION. 

No — the  man  pictured  at  Fig.  371 
does  not  pretend  to  be  monarch  of  all 
he  surveys.  He  is  a  reader  of  The  R. 
N.-Y. — a  farmer  in  Western  Nebraska. 
He  went  on  a  vacation  to  Western  Mon¬ 
tana  and  climbed  a  high  mountain 
peak— where  you  see  him  pictured.  It 
is  a  good  thing  to  be  among  the  clouds 


3000  FEET  ABOVE  THE  SEA.  Fig.  371. 

at  play  time  but  the  place  for  a  farmer 
to  work  is  away  from  the  rock  and 
nearer  the  soil.  We  print  this  to  show 
where  our  people  go  on  their  vacation, 
and  also  to  show  something  of  the  way. 
the  “crags  and  peaks”  look  when  you 
get  close  to  them. 


Killing  Out  Quack  Grass. 

IT.  M.  L.,  Elmira,  X.  Y. — I  have  read  with 
much  interest  the  article  on  page  S55,  by 
Mr.  ,T.  S.  Woodward,  regarding  the  destruc¬ 
tion  of  the  Canada  thistle.  In  the  second 
line  of  his  article  ho  mentions  Quack  grass 
as  another  weed  -that  he  knows  how  to  get 
rid  of.  Quack  grass  has  begun  to  appear 
in  my  lawn  in  this  city,  and  of  course  I 
wish  to  clear  it  out  as  quickly  as  possible. 
Would  Mr.  Woodward  inform  me  how  quack 
grass  may  be  eradicated? 

Ans.— Quack  grass  in  a  lawn  and 
same  in  a  field  is  a  very  different  propo¬ 
sition  to  solve.  I  used  to  have  a  holy 
horror  of  quack,  but  I  have  now  no 
fear  of  it  in  a  field  open  to  cultivation. 
I  have  found  that  by  letting  it  grow 
unmolested  until  about  flowering  time, 
then  cutting  it  and  follow  this  with  the 
plow  and  this  with  constant  cultivation 
during  balance  of  Summer,  plowing 
deep  late  in  the  Fall  and  following  with 
clean  cultivation  until  time  to  plant  late 
potatoes,  will  entirely  eradicate  quack; 
no  guesswork  about  it.  But  this  means 
absolute  clean  cultivation.  By  letting 
the  quack  grow  until  blossoming  the 
pabulum  of  the  root  stalks  will  be  nearly 
exhausted,  and  if  then  plowed  and  sub¬ 
sequent  cultivation  be  so  thoroughly 
done  that  no  leaf  is  allowed  to  get 
full  size,  nothing  will  be  returned  to 
sustain  the  root  growth,  and  the  plant 
will  starve  to  death.  The  best  tool  I 
have  ever  seen  for  use  after  plowing  to 
subdue  quack  is  an  old-fashioned  “A” 
cultivator  having  10  teeth,  and  the  teeth 
made  broad  enough  so  as  to  cut  over 


all  the  ground  and  then  kept  so  sharp 
as  to  cut  off  every  spear  of  quack,  and 
it  is  advisable  to  go  over  field  with  a 
sharp  hoe  after  a  day  or  so  and  cut  even- 
plant  that  has  escaped  the  cultivator. 
But  quack  in  a  lawn  or  in  an  orchard 
is  much  more  difficult  to  eradicate.  If 
the  lawn  is  badly  infested  the  best  way 
is  to  take  it  up  and  kill  the  quack  anil 
reseed.  If  there  is  only  a  little  it  may 
be  killed  with  salt,  which  though  it  may 
kill  other  grasses,  will  in  the  end  be 
beneficial  for  the  lawn.  But  there  is  no 
use  in  trying  to  kill  quack  by  any  half¬ 
way  measure.  “It  simply  can’t  be  did.” 

j.  s.  WOODWARD. 


Wild  Garlic  Spoils  a  Farm. 

I  bn vo  found  a  farm  cheap,  but  the  land 
is  full  of  wild  garlic.  We  think  that  is 
against  the  land,  for  we  cannot  keep  cows 
to  sell  butter  or  milk.  Would  you  advise 
us  to  buy.  and  is  there  any  way  to  get  rid 
of  it  or  not?  We  think  of  raising  beef  cat¬ 
tle  and  trucking;  we  could  got  along  nicely, 
and  maybe,  by  some  remedy,  got  rid  of  the 
garlic.  That  is  the  reason  nobody  wants 
the  farm  :  that  is  why  it  is  so  cheap. 

West  Virginia.  w.  g.  s. 

Not  having  seen  the  farm  we  could  not 
advise.  It  is  true  that  a  farm  well  stocked 
with  weeds  is  worth  much  less  than  a  clean 
farm.  The  garlic  will  hurt  the  milk  and 
butter,  but  you  could  keep  beef  cattle,  shefcp 
or  hogs  until  the  garlic  is  conquered.  That 
will  be  a  long,  hard  job.  There  is  no  way 
to  do  it  except  by  giving  long  and  thorough 
culture.  You  should  start  a  rotation  that 
will  include  two  hoed  crops  and  keep  such 
crops  perfectly  clean.  Bv  taking  the  farm 
in  this  way  and  sticking  to  it  you  can  finally 
clean  it,  but  the  job  will  take  a  long  time. 


Confessions  of  a  Tree  Agent. 

I  want  to  say  a  word  in  reply  to  Mr. 
Ohas.  Broyles,  on  page  855.  I  believe;  he  is 
trying  to  leave  the  impression  that  the  nur¬ 
seryman  advances  the  full  amount  of  the 
agent’s  commission  every  week,  which  they 
do  not  do.  Almost  all  reliable  nurseries 
will  pay  you  40  cents  on  the  dollar  to  solicit 
orders  for  them,  bin  they  will  not  “advance” 
you  over  25 .  'cents.  •  ami  in  ;  somes  cases,  if 
you  are  an  extra  good  .salesman,  they  will 
advance  you  30  cents  on  the  dollar  on  ..your 
weekly  sales,  but  they  will  hold  back  10  or 
15  per  cent,  of  your  weekly  sales  until  the 
nursery  stock  is  delivered,  and  then  if  there 
is  no  stock  left  on  hand  or  no  orders  can¬ 
celled  you  will  get  the  balance  of  your 
money.  They  hold  this  10  or  15  per  cent,  to 
cover  just  such  cases  as  Mr.  Ten  Eyck,  on 
page  783.  The  nurseries  do  not  lose  any¬ 
thing;  it  comes  out  of  the  agent's  commis¬ 
sion.  Of  course  the  agent  h..'s  a  right  to  be 
on  the  ground  when  tile  Stivk  is  delivered, 
and  if  there  are  any  orders  left  undelivered 
he  can  dispose  of  them  in  any  way  that  lie 
sees  fit  to  do.  and  generally  he  will  not 
have  any  trouble  whatever  in  disposing  of 
the  stock.  I  know,  because  I  have  been 
there.  But  why  a  farmer  will  pay  an  agent 
30  cents  for  an  apple  tree,  25  for  a  peach 
and  50  to  75  for  a  cherry,  arid  other  stock 
in  proportion,  I  can’t  figure  out.  I  can  buy 
here  for  the  best  trees  that  grow,  and  pick 
them  out  myself,  at  from  7%  to  12  cents 
each,  and  if  I  take  a  hundred  trees  I  can 
got  them  for  less  money.  g.  w.  c. 

It.  N.-Y. — Nurserymen  have  been  telling  us 
that  they  are  obliged  to  pay  their  agents  by 
the  week  a  month  before  the  trees  are  deliv¬ 
ered.  They  gave  tin1  impression  that  every¬ 
thing  is  paid  for  ahead.  \Ye  never  heard 
of  any  other  business  that  handled  agents 
that  way,  and  the  above  statement  puts  a 
very  different  face  upon  it.  Whenever  this 
tree  agent  proposition  comes  up  we  intend 
to  ask  the  old  question  :  “Tell  us  why  one 
of  our  readers  should  buy  trees  of  an  agent 
and  sign  a  contract?  What  will  he  gain 
by  doing  so?”  We  are  willing  to  be  shown. 


DAILY 

OUTPUT 

18,000  i 

BBLS. 


YEARLY 

OUTPUT 

OVER 

6,500,000 


ALPHA 

PORTLAND  CEMENT 

is  absolutely  the  best  that  can  be  made 
for  all  farm  work.  Largely  used  by 
U.  S.  Government  and  in  State,  Munici¬ 
pal  and  Railroad  work — a  reputation  of 
20  years  behind  it.  Ask  your  dealer  for 

ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

ALPHA  PORTLAND  CEMENT  CO., 

ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


Farmers’  Handy  Wagon 
at  a  Low  Price 

Absolutely  the  best  wagon  built  for  every  kind 
of  heavy  teaming.  Bow  steel  wheels,  wide  tiros. 
Will  last  a  lifetime  without  repairs. 

^TEEL  WHEELS 

for  farm  wagons 
—any  size  to  lit 
,  any  axle.  Send 
1  for  our  free 
booklet  before 
you  buy  a  wagon 
^  or  a  set  of  wheels. 

EMPIRE  MFG.  CO.,  Box  96-l  Quincy,  III. 


D 


B  11  fl  I  I  I 

^  „  n£  asbestos  and  asphalt] 

•  ,  „^everaUaye«o£aso  ;neralroofing 

I  consists  of  se  f  ing  an  an  .veatherproo£, 

itl  combination,  ten  waterpr0of, 

Which  is  ^^practically  wearpro  •  needs 

UcidCt  co^the  oaly  coSnt;t  ^  rust,  peel 

paiatiag  °atid  Isasdy  app^d.  „ 

or  crack,  a  ROOitFIg 

1  “  The  Everlasting  Century,s 

Nl°re  erlenco  Behind  rt 

ROOfing  EXP  oearest  Branch  will  »  I 

„  not  at  year  W  ’  ***»  roch  and 

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LAYER  OF  PURE 
WHITE  ASBESTOS 

j-^LAYER  OF  ASPHALT 
CEMENT 

■LAYER  OF  ASBESTOS 
FELT  SATURATED 

LAYER  OF AS PH ALT 
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LAYER  OF  ASBES¬ 
TOS  FELT  SATUR¬ 
ATED 


FIREPROOF 
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PRACTICALLY 
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NEVER 

NEEDS 

PAINT 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE- 


.  .  .  MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY  .  .  . 

‘The  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Send -for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  ”  Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


HARVEY  BOLSTER  SPRINGS 

>  Soon  save  their  cost.  Make  every  wagon  a  spring 
jj  wagon,  therefore  fruit,  vegetables,  eggs,  etc., 

(bring  more  money.  Ask  for  special  proposition. 

J lUrvey  Spring  Co.#  Jl(M7th  St.,  Hacine,  Wia. 


GUARANTEED 


Makes  Work  on  Rainy  Days  p 
A  Pleasure 

OurKEFLEXedqe  (Pat’d)runs  the 
entire  length  ot  coat  and  storm 
lap.  —  Guides  all  waterto 
the  bottom  where  it  drops  off 

Absolutely  no  Possibility 
of  Getting  Wet 

J  Practical-Serviceable-Fconomical 
K5|  Asxyour  DEALER  to  snow  you 
The  Fish  BrandREFLEXSlicker 


A  J  Tower  Co 


COOK 

fORTMis  REFLC*  o 

fD«l 


Tower-Canadian 


THE 

i  FARMERS’ 
FAVORITE 


Cider  Mill  m  Press  Combined 

^Pronounced  ^  k°  be  the  best,  simplest  and  most  perfect  mill  and  press 

These  mills  have  taken  more  first  premiums  than  any  mill  on  the  market. 
The  grinding  apparatus  is  so  made  that  it  does  not  slice  and  cut  tiie 
fruit  and  leave  it  in  hard  lumps,  but  thoroughly  crushes  and  grates  it, 
so  that  every  fruit-cell  is  broken  and  a  fine  pomace  produced ,  lienee 
you  get  more  juice  from  the  same  amount  of  fruit  than  any  other  mill. 

THE  FARMERS’  FAVORITE  mills  will  grind  from  6  to  75  bushels 
per  hour— depending  upon  how  hard  you  crowd. 

These  mills  work  on  an  entirely  new  plan,  and  have  greater  grinding 
capacity,  and  are  easier  running  than  any  other  mill  on  the  market. 
We  make  several  sizes  of  Mills  and  Presses,  separate  and  combined. 
Write  us  this  day  for  prices  and  full  information.  Our  stock  is  com¬ 
plete  and  we  make  prompt  shipments.  W e  guarantee  entire  satisfaction. 
CUTAWAY  HARROW  CO..  839  Main  St.,  lllgganum.  Conn. 


Farmers 

ELLIS 

CHAMPION 
THRESHERS 

are  equally  well  suited  to  threshermen 
and  grain  growers  desirous  of  doing  their 
own  work.  Herewith  is  shown  Ellis  Cham¬ 
pion  No.  3  complete  with  stacker,  tailings 
elevator  and  grain  bagger;  operated  by  gasoline, 
steam  or  tread  power.  No  clogging  of  straw  in  these 
threshers.  Made  in  different  sizes  to  meet  all  needs. 

We  also  make  Tread  and  Sweep  Horse-Power,  circular 
and  drag  saws,  ensilage  cutters,  corn  shellers,  etc.  Send 
for  catalog  giving  full  information  about  these  machines. 

ELLIS  KEYSTONE  AGRICULTURAL  WORKS , 


Do  Your  Own  Threshing! 
You  can  save  the  cost  of  a  rig 
in  a  few  years  besides  doing  the 
work  at  the  most  ^  conveni¬ 
ent  time 


844 


the  rural  new-yoRrer 


September  23, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 

The  Milk  Record. — Mollie,  the  grade 
Guernsey  cow,  slumped  a  little  in  August. 
She  had  a  had  case  of  indigestion,  and  gave 
little  or  no  milk  for  several  days.  Finally 
we  got  her  back  to  2G  pounds.  During 
August  she  gave  773  pounds,  which  makes 
a  total  of  4,02G  pounds  from  April  14  to 
September  1.  We  figure  this  milk  worth 
four  cents  a  pound,  as  that  is  what  we 
would  have  to  pay  in  cash  if  we  bought  it. 
Her  grain  cost  .$4.20,  and  31  hours  of  care 
at  20  cents  an  hour  means  $G.20  for  cash 
expense.  The  milk  was  worth  to  us  $29.32, 
which  makes  net  earnings  $18.02.  Figured 
in  this  way  the  financial  statement  thus 
far  is : 

Earnings. 

April  .  $7.76 

May  .  30.31 

June  .  29.94 

July  .  27.79 

August .  18.92 

Total . $114.72 

No  charge  is  made  for  pasture  and  hay. 
There  is  no  use  going  over  the  reasons 
why  we  credit  this  milk  at  four  cents  a 
pound.  It  is  worth  that  to  our  family  as 
cream,  skim-milk  and  pot  cheese  or  in  bread. 
At  present  food  prices  I  do  not  think  we 
could  buy  the  actual  food  which  this  milk 
contains  for  less  money.  We  do  not  claim 
any  superior  cow  or  any  world  record, 
but  these  figures  show  just  what  the  cow 
is  doing. 

Eeberta  Time. — Go  and  ask  a  peach 
grower  when  the  business  grinds  most  on 
his  nerves  and  he  will  say — “When  Elber- 
tas  are  ripening !”  That  peach  is  time 
keeper.  I  have  been  told  how  years  ago 
a  colored  cook  in  the  South  threw  a  lot 
of  peach  pits  out  of  the  back  door.  Among 
the  seedlings  which  grew  up  in  the  gar¬ 
den  was  the  big  yellow  fruit  which  has 
changed  the  history  of  the  peach  busi¬ 
ness.  How  that  bunch  of  golden  flesh 
has  marked  the  orchards  and  the  fruit 
stands.  Thousands  of  people  know  “El- 
berta,”  but  could  not  recognize  any  other 
peach.  So  many  are  planted  that  during 
the  season  it  dominates  the  market.  Unless 
other  peaches  \ook  like  it  they  will  have 
a  poor  chance  while  Elbcrta  holds  the 
stage. 

I  call  it  a  poor  eating  peach,  yet  cus¬ 
tomers  demand  it  and  will  take  no  other. 
The  market  is  usually  flooded  at  Elbcrta 
time,  yet  somehow  the  peaches  disappear. 
Carman  and  Salway  will  make  more  money 
for  us,  and  I  think  them  better  varieties, 
yet  even  the  church  people  waited  until 
Elberta  time  before  having  their  peach  so¬ 
cial.  We  came  forward  with  two  baskets 
of  fruit  nearly  as  large  as  cannon  balls. 
Then  we  were  expected  to  come  and  buy 
the  peaches  and  cream,  with  Mother  waiting 
on  the  table.  You  might  call  such  an  ar¬ 
rangement  as  that  a  “peach.”  Anything 
goes  when  Elberta  gets  ripe.  It  is  a  great 
variety,  but  Carman  and  Salway  will  take 
ns  out  of  the  rush. 

The  Ripening  Season.- — Our  plan  has 
been  all  through  our  fruit  business  to  pro¬ 
long  the  period  of  ripening.  We  plant 
varieties  and  try  to  handle  the  trees  so  as 
not  to  have  too  heavy  a  picking  at  any  one 
time.  Part  of  our  peaches  are  in  sod. 
These  ripened  earlier  than  the  cultivated 
this  year,  and  thus  added  several  days  to 
the  time  of  picking.  Then  we  found  that 
the  fruit  on  the  eastern  slope  of  our  hill 
came  several  days  ahead  of  the  same 
variety  on  the  western  side.  Our  plan  is 
to  do  all  possible  work  with  our  own  regu¬ 
lar  labor,  and  this  lengthening  out  the 
picking  season  helps  in  this.  The  same  is 
true  of  apples.  I  would  not  advise  too 
many  of  early  varieties.  I  think  some  of 
the  New  York  growers  have  over-set  with 
such  kinds  as  Duchess,  Wealthy  and  other 
late  Summer  apples.  Virginia  and  other 
Southern  localities  can  get  such  fruit  in 
first.  With  a  local  trade,  however,  we 
need  some  early  'fruit  to  keep  up  a  succes¬ 
sion  and  hold  customers.  Just  now  we  are 
picking  Fall  Pippins,  the  finest  specimens 
we  ever  had  on  the  farm. 

Marketing  and  Food. — W7e  have  been 
sending  a  load  to  market  nearly  every 
night  except  Saturday  and  Sunday.  The 
man  who  does  this  is  the  vegetarian  I  have 
spoken  of  before.  He  will  get  up  at  one 
o’clock  and  drive  off  with  his  load.  Back 
at  noon  the  next  day,  he  works  through 
tho  afternoon,  gets  his  load  ready  at  night 
and  is  off  again.  I  hardly  know  when  he 
sleeps.  This  man  will  work  all  day  and 
make  a  Supper  of  melon  and  broad,  with 
perhaps  a  little  oil  or  peanut  butter.  At 
other  times  he  eats  a  stew  of  various  vege¬ 
tables  or  some  boiled  beans  and  bread. 
He  can  plow  all  day  on  stewed  prunes.  I 
have  given  up  trying  to  figure  out  hotv  he 
does  it.  but  tire  fact  is  that  close  to  70 
years  this  man  feeding  on  vegetables,  fruit 
and  bread  can  stand  more  real  fatigue 
than  any  man  of  50  I  know  of.  Last  year 


we  went  all  through  this  matter  of  meat 
eating.  It  seemed  to  be  settled  that  a 
man  can  work  and  endure  and  keep  good- 
natured  on  a  vegetable  diet.  He  probably 
would  not  amount  to  much  in  a  prize  fight 
or  wherever  ugly  fighting  qualities  were 
needed.  Animal  food  is  the  stuff  to  give 
what  people  call  the  spirit  of  mastery. 
Many  of  us  who  get  over  50  would  do  well 
to  remember  that  we  can  do  more  by  good 
strategy  than  by  knock-down  blows. 
Therefore  I  believe  more  fruit  and  vege¬ 
tables  and  less  meat  will  be  better  for  us. 
We  notice,  however,  that  cur  vegetarian 
consumes  an  enormous  built  of  food.  Man 
is  not  supposed  to  have  as  many  stomachs 
as  a  ruminant. 

Spraying. — Now  we  can  sum  up  the 
value  of  spraying  operations,  for  the  trees 
and  the  fruit  have  about  finished  their 
work.  We  have  some  striking  proof  of 
the  value  of  spraying  for  the  Codling  worm. 
Several  of  our  large  trees  stand  alone  near 
the  garden.  The  land  is  cultivated  on  three 
or  more  sides  of  them,  and  it  Is  hard  to 
get  the  sprayer  where  the  entire  tree  can 
be  covered.  Thus  one  corner  or  one  side 
will  not  be  thoroughly  sprayed,  while  the 
remainder  of  the  tree  will  be  well  covered. 
With  every  one  of  these  large  trees  you 
can  sec  just  where  the  spraying  stopped. 
The  apples  are  wormy  and  fall  early,  and 
are  smaller.  Where  the  spraying  was  thor¬ 
ough  the  fruit  is  larger  and  the  branches 
are  loaded.  There  can  be  no  question 
about  such  a  demonstration.  We  used  one 
gallon  of  lime-sulphur  mixture  and  two 
pounds  arsenate  of  lead  to  a  little  less 
than  50  gallons  of  water.  Where  this  went 
on  properly  it  is  doubtful  if  five  per  cent 
of  the  apples  are  wormy.  That  scourge 
of  scale  on  some  of  our  best  trees  is  a 
nuisance  and  disgrace.  I  feel  like  putting 
it  hard.  I  certainly  had  no  idea  the  insect 
could  spread  so  rapidly,  and  it  has  come 
in  the  very  place  that  we  thought  was 
clean.  Where  I  thought  it  was  to  be  ex¬ 
pected  there  is  barely  a  mark  to  be  found. 
There  is  only  one  way  to  be  dead  sure,  and 
that  is  to  spray  regularly.  The  only  way  to 
go  into  the  fruit  business  is  to  be  dead 
sure. 

Rules  of  Life. — We  get  all  sorts  of  ques¬ 
tions  from  our  friends.  Many  of  them  are  of 
a  personal  nature,  from  people  who  are  in 
real  trouble.  It  is  hard  to  give  helpful 
answers.  Ofttimes  all  we  can  do  is  to  make 
suggestions.  Not  long  ago  a  young  man 
just  married  and  starting  a  home  of  his  own 
wrote  saying  he  noticed  how  many  married 
people  snarl  and  quarrel.  How  could  this  be 
avoided?  It  happened  that  during  the  same 
week  a  letter  came  from  a  man  of  70  who 
speaks  of  his  married  life  as  follows : 

“I  suppose  we  had  as  nearly  a  perfectly 
happy  life  as  could  be  in  this  world.  We 
had  three  rules  when  first  married. 

“1.  There  shall  be  no  secrets  between 
us. 

“2.  We  will  not  allow  anyone,  not  even 
our  parents,  to  interfere  in  our  affairs. 

“3.  We  will  not  speak  unkindly  of  or 
to  one  another,  not  even  in  jest. 

“These  rules  were  kept  during  the  more 
than  45  years  of  our  married  life ;  she 
never  spoke  a  cross  or  angry  word  to  me, 
and  we  never  had  a  quarrel  of  any  kind.” 

J.  D. 

I  can  do  no  better  than  print  these  ideal 
rules.  I  am  afraid  nine  out  of  10  of  us 
would  fail  to  live  up  to  them,  but  they  cover 
pretty  much  the  whole  story.  Rule  No.  2 
is  about  the  hardest,  but  the  most  important. 
You  must  remember  that  some  of  the  con¬ 
versation  you  hear  between  man  and  wife 
seems  cross  or  cruel,  but  does  not  really 
mean  anything.  At  heart  they  are  all  right. 
The  fondest  of  words  may  be  no  test  of 
affection. 

The  Savings. — Here  is  another  case 
where  a  stranger  cannot  give  direct  advice : 

“My  husband  died  recently,  and  the  time 
has  come  to  invest  his  hard-earned  savings 
for  our  daughter  and  myself.  Of  course  the 
first  point  is  safety.  Other  things  being 
equal,  it  seems  desirable  to  have  an  invest¬ 
ment  of  a  somewhat  permanent  nature  if 
possible.  I  applied  for  particulars  of  joint 
annuities  issued  by  one  of  the  three  large 
life  insurance  companies  of  New  York.  They 
give  a  rate  paying  just  about  four  per  cent. 
This  seems,  to  me  low.  compared  with  sav¬ 
ings  banks,  considering  that  in  the  latter 
one  has  the  principal.  Could  a  joint  an¬ 
nuity  be  found  elsewhere,  paying  a  little 
higher  and  yet  equally  safe?  Lacking  this, 
is  there  anything  better  than  a  mortgage  on 
property,  say  in  Philadelphia?”  E. 

With  me,  it  would  depend  upon  the 
amount  of  this  property  and  the  way 
these  women  had  been  taught  to  regard 
money.  If  there  is  enough  of  the  money 
to  secure  a  permanent  annuity  large  enough 
to  give  them  fair  support,  such  an  arrange¬ 
ment  would  be  safe  and  relieve  them  from 
trouble  and  worry.  The  rate  of  interest 
is  too  low  for  such  an  investment.  If  the 
amount  is  not  large  I  should  prefer  a 
strong  savings  bank,  for  in  that  the  capital 


is  liquid,  and  while  earning  a  small  rate  of  1 
interest,  can  be  easily  obtained  in  case  a 
better  investment  offers.  That  is  why  we  i 
should  consider  the  way  these  women  have 
been  brought  up  to  regard  money.  Some 
women  are  good-natured  or  tender-hearted. 
They  have  relatives  or  friends  who  come 
with  a  tale  of  woe  or  some  great  story  of 
profit.  It  takes  a  woman  of  stern  char¬ 
acter  to  say  “No”  to  these  people.  Eight 
times  out  of  10  if  she  listens  to  them  she 
will  lose  her  money.  Time  after  time  we 
have  seen  women  left  comfortably  well  off 
come  to  want  through  their  inability  to 
say  “no”  when  in  control  of  cash  or  liquid 
property.  It  is  far  better  for  such  people 
to  have  their  money  tied  up  securely  so 
that  they  cannot  touch  the  principal  with¬ 
out  a  lot  of  red  tape.  A  mortgage  on  good 
city  real  estate  is  safe,  and  usually  pays  a 
little  higher  interest  rate  than  a  savings 
bank.  I  find  that  trust  companies  will 
often  obtain  good  mortgages  on  approved 
pronerty,  manage  the  loans,  make  collec¬ 
tions,  and,  in  case  of  need,  advance  money 
with  the  mortgage  as  security.  My  own 
experience  with  life  insurance  companies 
shows  that  the  large  companies  are  safe, 
but  as  an  investment  the  interest  is  so 
small  that  you  do  better  in  a  savings  bank. 

I  carry  a  policy  which  will  now  mature  in 
a  few  years.  My  figures  show  that  we 
would  now  be  better  off  if  I  had  put  the 
money  regularly  Into  a  savings  bank  and 
carried  a  simple  risk  life  policy  without 
life  “benefits.” 

Late  Cultivation. — This  matter  comes 
up  every  Fall : 

“I  have  a  half  acre  orchard  of  mixed 
trees.  Last  Fall  I  sowed  rye  in  Spring, 
had  it  plowed  under,  then  cultivated  till 
August  1  ;  from  August  1  till  the  present 
time  it  has  become  very  weedy  with  purs¬ 
lane.  Would  it  start  the  trees  growing  if 
I  plowed  it  under  next  month  to  sow  rye 
to  turn  under  next  Spring,  or  leave  the 
weeds  go  till  next  Spring  and  turn  them 
under,  then  sow  about  200  pounds  of  fer¬ 
tilizer  compost'd  only  of  phosphoric  acid  and 
muriate  of  potash,  then  cultivate  till 
August  1,  sow  buckwheat,  let  it  grow  and 
die  down  to  be  turned  under  in  Spring.  I 
would  like  to  use  Thomas  slag  for  the  phos¬ 
phoric  acid  part  on  account  of  the  lime  it 
contains.  IIow  much  of  the  Thomas  slag 
and  muriate  of  potash  should  I  use  to  a 
half  acre?  From  the  way  the  trees  grow 
I  don’t  think  they  need  any  nitrate  of 
soda.  c.  P. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

I  should  let  the  orchard  alone.  Last 
year  we  disked  half  of  a  peach  orchard  in 
late  September  and  seeded  rye.  A  late 
growth  started.  While  the  trees  made  a 
fine  showing  this  year  there  were  fewer 
peaches  on  many  of  the  trees  in  the  culti¬ 
vated  part.  Winter  got  the  buds  where  the 
trees  made  that  late  growth.  That  weed 
will  not  hurt.  We  should  use  three  parts 
of  the  slag  to  one  of  sulphate.  Do  not  use 
muriate  of  potash  with  slag.  If  the  trees 
do  not  show  the  right  color  you  can  add 
nitrate.  Put  in  some  rye  with  the  buck¬ 
wheat.  Then  after  the  latter  dies  the  rye 
will  come  on  and  give  a  green  growth 
through  the  Winter.  h.  w.  c. 


$17.80 

and  up 


Spring  Tooth  Harrows  $  7.20  and  up 

Land  Rollers  -  -  -  17.35  and  up 

Grain  Drills  -  -  -  28.80  and  up 

Lime  Spreaders  -  -  23.90  and  up 

Send  for -Complete  Illustrated  Catalog 
Free  on  Request 

Manufacturers 
Distributing  Company 

"Pittsburgh's  Mail  Order  House” 

Dept.  H  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 


Come  to  the  Six  Southern  States 

From  VIRGINIA'S  Peanut 
Fields,  thru  the  CAROLINA’S 
rich  trucking  country,  across 
the  Melon  and  Cot¬ 
ton  lands  of  GEO  i- 
GIA,  i nto  the  F ertile 
section  of  ALABA¬ 
MA,  to  the  Orange 
Groves  of 
FLORIDA. 

Via  S.  A.L. 

Ry. 


Climate 
ideal.  Wa¬ 
ter  plentiful,  close 
to  biz  markets, 
quick  transportation. 

The  Southern  States 
supply  the  largest  part 
of  the  Fruits  and 
Vegetables  for  the 
North  and  East.  You 
can  secure  indepen¬ 
dence  on  a  10  acre 
farm.  Land  $10  per 
acre  and  up. 

J.  A.  Pride,  Gen.  led.  Aet., 
Seaboard  Air  Line  Ry. 
Suite  606  Norfolk,  Va. 


2  to  3  crops  a 
year  in  Manatee 
County  on  the 
West  Coast  of 
Florida, net  S500 
to  S1000  per  acre. 

Write  at  once 
for  free  booklet. 


WE  SELL  FARMS  in  Oceana,  best  County  in  U.  S. 

Fruit,  Alfalfa.  Grain, Vegetables,  Stock,  1’oul- 
try.  J.  D.  S.  HANSON  &  SON,  Hart,  Mich. 

FARMS  WANTED  Ms 

We  have  a  number  of  earnest  people  with  moder¬ 
ate  means  wishing  to  buy  good,  productive  farms 
costing  between  $2,000  and  $4,000.  with  or  without 
stock,  within  a  radius  of  200  miles  of  New  York 
City.  Ours  is  a  philanthropic  organization,  and  we 
make  no  charge  to  buyer  or  seller.  Rock  bottom 
prices  must  therefore  be  quoted.  Send  for  blank. 
THE  JEWISH  AGRICULTURAL  AND  INDUS¬ 
TRIAL  AIL)  SOCIETY,  177  Second  Ave.,  New  York. 


The  Greatest  Home  Comfort 

does  not  come  from  wealth  or  large  income.  It  conies  from 
having  the  home  evenly,  cleanly  and  economically  heated. 
The  proper  kind  of  a  furnace  costs  less  than  stoves  or  grates. 

XXth  CENTURY  FURNACE 

is  used  and  praised  so  universally  by  so  many  thousand  home 
owners  everywhere  in  every  climate.  It  is  made  riglit.it 
has  the  only  sensible  and  Economic  Fire  Pot  ever  made.  It 
burns  all  kindsof  fuel— even  cheap  grades  of  soft  coal,  slack, 
etc.,  with  perfect  combustion  and  yields  one-third  more  heat 
at  one-third  less  cost  than  any  other  made. 

The  Cheapest  Heat  for  Any  Home— Country  or  City 

and  yet  clean,  healthful.  No  work,  no  repairs;  sanitary 
ideal.  Write  us,  giving  a  sketch  or  plan  of  your  house,  in¬ 
dicating  the  number  of  rooms  to  he  heated,  and  let  us  tell 
you  how  you  can  get  a  XXth  CENTURY  FURNACE,  and 
try  it  on  our  Common-Sense  Guarantee  Plan.  Ask  for  our 
booklet  No.  19. 

The  XXth  Century  Heating  &  Ventilating  Co. 

19  Ira  Avenue,  Akron,  Ohio 


A  FARM 

IN  THE  PACIFIC  NORTHWEST 

Yields  Big  Returns.  Ten  Acres  of  Fruit  is  Often 
as  Profitable  a*  a  160-Acre  Farm  in  Other  Sections 

Low  One  Way  Colonist  Fares 

Via 

Union  Pacific 

STANDARD  ROAD  OF  THE  WEST 

In  effect  daily  from  Sept.  15  to  Oct.  15,  inclusive,  1911 
Electric  Block  Signals  Excellent  Dining  Cars 

For  tickets  and  information  call  on  or  address] 

J.  B.  De  Friest,  G.  E.  A., 

287  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y* 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


945 


Ruralisms 

FURTHER  ARBOR  GRAPES. 

Your  request  for  a  further  letter  about 
grapevines  for  ornament  is  very  com¬ 
plimentary  to  the  subject.  I  have  stated 
the  names  of  the  varieties  which  I  con¬ 
sider  best  for  the  purpose.  The  letters 
sent  to  me  are  inquiries  as  to  the  places 
where  these  varieties  can  be  obtained ; 
most  of  them  are  grown  at  the  Geneva 
Experiment  Station,  and  cuttings  are 
sent  by  request.  Munson  can  supply 
those  of  his  I  mentioned,  and  some  few 
nurserymen  haven’t  discarded  all  vari¬ 
eties  which  are  edible.  To  have  the 
best  things  care  must  be  taken ;  garden 
culture  is  required  for  the  varieties  I 
mention.  After  a  vine  is  well  started  a 
close,  well-fertilized  lawn  may  en¬ 
croach  upon  the  vine  and  some  fruit 
will  be  had,  but  a  shuffle-hoe  frequently 
used  is  the  best  treatment  for  the  gar¬ 
den  vineyard,  and  an  Acme  harrow  for 
the  large  vineyard;  no  cutting  of  the 
feeding  roots  from  deep  cultivation.  A 
vine  usually  does  well  on  a  piazza,  for 
the  roots  feed  underneath  the  floor  in 
the  cool,  soft  soil.  The  finest  Cataw- 
bas  I  have  eaten  grew  on  one  vine 
which  certainly  shaded  over  50  feet  of 
piazza;  an  equally  fine  Isabella  made  a 
screen  for  a  two-story  piazza  about  20 
by  20  feet.  I  have  a  balcony  on  the 
second  floor  of  my  house  on  which  I  am 
fruiting  Walter  and  Duchess,  with  mag¬ 
nificent  bunches;  on  the  third  story  bal¬ 
cony  Lindleys  are  as  good  as  they  can 
be ;  on  the  fourth  story  balcony  is  the 
Monticola  of  which  I  wrote ;  this  vine 
is  over  30  feet  from  the  ground.  On  a 
tree  higher  up  than  this  is  an  Amber 
Queen  full  of  beautiful  bunches  which 
the  birds  and  bees  will  harvest,  as  I 
cannot  get  them.  I  might  say  here  that 
the  Amber  Queen  is  not  appreciated  as 


it  should  be,  a  most  refreshing  grape. 
Several  trees  I  have  covered  by  one  of 
Campbell's  grapes,  not  disseminated, 
which  he  sent  me  for  testing;  he  also 
sent  me  a  white  grape  as  being  superior 
to  Duchess;  it  certainly  is  a  delightful 
dessert  fruit,  far  too  tender  for  com¬ 
mercial  use ;  a  pretty  vine,  however,  and 
good  as  an  arbor  vine,  except  that  the 
color  of  the  bunches  isn’t  attractive. 

The  varieties  I  wrote  of  in  your  Au¬ 
gust  12  number  have  beautiful  bunches ; 
as  decorative  as  any  flower  could  be  are 
the  bunches  of  the  Poughkeepsie  Red 
or  Croton  or  Gazelle  or  Naomi;  this 
last  one  has  berries  tinted  like  the 
opal.  I  have,  but  have  not  fruited, 
Munson’s  Opal;  it  may  have  as  pretty 
fruit  as  the  Naomi,  but  the  vine  is  not. 
I  have  a  further  pleasure  in  raising 
seedlings  besides  the  Monticola ;  I  have  a 
seedling  from  HussmanxFern  Munson, 
with  almost  purple  leaves,  deeply  lobed 
and  a  rampant  grower;  grape  much  su¬ 
perior  to  Carman,  but  a  self-sterile  va¬ 
riety.  These  are  only  two  that  are  at 
all  worthy  of  many  raised.  I. am  now 
saving  seeds  from  Peabody,  Walter, 
Golden  Gem  and  Duchess.  As  these 
are  hybrids,  each  one  having  an  indi¬ 
vidual  excellence,  I  am  expecting  to  get 
some  fine  varieties  from  them,  in  which 
their  peculiarities  may  be  pleasantly  in¬ 
tensified.  I  may  add  as  a  parent  the 
Senasqua ;  its  excellence  is  distinctive. 

There  are  sections  of  the  country 
where  even  with  best  of  care  these 
varieties  may  not  be  grown,  but  Mun¬ 
son  seems  to  have  been  able  to  get  the 
gentler  qualities  impregnated  in  the 
hardiest  vines,  so  that  edible  fruit  may 
be  grown  from  Texas  to  Winnipeg,  and 
from  Portland  to  Portland.  Before, 
however,  hope  is  abandoned  of  growing 
these  superior  varieties,  try  starting 
them  with  a  small  or  dwarf  fruit  tree;  a 
very  delicate  vine  will  grow  amongst 


the  limbs  of  a  tree  and  perfect  its  fruit, 
its  leaves  unmildewed,  its  berries  un¬ 
rotted.  Such  success  I  have  had  this  way 
that  I  am  thinking  of  setting  out  a  small 
orchard  of  dwarf  apples  and  pears  (and 
perhaps  cherries)  and  grow  them,  as  a 
part  consideration,  for  grape  trellises. 
These  vines  I  now  have  growing  this 
way  I  trim  severely  so  that  they  will 
not  outgrow  the  trees  (plum).  This 
really  seems  to  be  nature’s  way,  and 
may  bring  results  otherwise  impossible. 

Long  Island.  elbert  wakeman. 


WHY  PRUNE  ? 

On  page  875,  W.  G.  Brierley,  in  his 
good  article,  says :  “The  branches  should 
be  pruned  back  severely,  though,  as  the 
intention  is  to  stimulate  wood  growth 
to  give  strength  to  the  tree.”  I  should 
like  to  ask  Mr.  Brierley  if  he  really 
means,  as  he  seems  to  say,  that  the 
cutting  away  of  the  healthy  substance 
of  a  tree  does  increase  the  strength  of 
the  tree,  and  produce  a  bigger  tree — 
other  things  being  equal? 

If  that  is  his  belief  I  would  be  glad 
to  know  the  proof  for  such  a  theory. 
I  am  something  of  a  novice  but  have 
the  impression  that  the  books  do  lead 
us  to  believe  what  Mr.  Brierley  seems 
to  say.  Personally,  I  should  look  for 
bleeding  of  lambs  and  pigs  to  be  sim¬ 
ilarly  stimulative  of  “growth”  and 
“strength” — growth  of  scabs  in  that  case 
as  of  water  sprouts  in  the  tree.  Until 
•I  am  shown  I  shall  have  difficulty  in 
believing  that  trimming  (unquestionably 
a  blow  to  the  tree)  is  as  such  beneficial 
— except  for  shape.  On  the  other  hand 
there  is  evidence  already  accumulating 
in  the  orchards  of  the  heretics  that 
seems  to  show  that  the  way  to  get  a 
tree  big _  quickly  and  to  bear  quickly 
is  .to  let  it  grow — as  we  do  the  calves.  I 
have  been  shown  such  trees  that  were 
ahead  in  both  those  respects  to  the  trees 
under  similar  circumstances  that  had 
been  liberally  knifed — according  to  the 
books.  However,  I  cannot  at  this  writ¬ 
ing  submit  statistical  or  photographic 
comparison. 

I  think  we  need  proof  that  pruning 
has  any  function  in  young  trees  other 
than  to  control  the  shape,  and  I  suspect 
that  there  is  a  good  deal  of  room  to 
spare  the  knife  there  on  young  trees. 
I  was  astonished  at  the  striking  resem¬ 


blance  in  shape  between  my  virtually 
untrimmed  York  Imperials  five  years 
old  and  trees  of  same  variety  and  age 
owned  by  an  agricultural  college  man 
who  practices  essentially  what  Mr. 
Brierley  teaches.  j.  russell  smith. 

Virginia. 


Rooting  Raspberry  Tips. 

0.  8.  U.,  West  Winfield,  N.  Y.— Will  you 
tell  me  the  proper  time  to  lay  down  berry 
bushes  to  have  them  root  ready  to  replant 
next  Spring? 

Ans. — The  best  time  to  lay  down 
berry  bushes  is  about  the  middle  of 
August.  It  is  not  advisable  to  tip  them 
too  early  in  the  season,  but  it  should 
be  done  as  soon  as  the  tips  ripen  well 
and  the  canes  appear  to  have  made  their 
full  growth.  The  terminal  eye  appears 
in  August,  indicating  that  the  season’s 
growth  is  about  ended.  Should  the 
tips  of  the  canes  be  covered  too  early, 
when  they  are  tender,  there  is  danger 
of  them  decaying  in  the  ground  and  not 
forming  roots.  September,  on  the  other 
hand,  is  pretty  late  for  this  kind  of 
work,  although  if  the  weather  remains 
favorable  for  late  growth  they  some¬ 
times  turn  out  well.  Nurserymen  usually 
do  it  in  August,  as  they  find  by  ex¬ 
perience  that  September  frosts  and 
general  cold  wet  weather  often  do  not 
allow  the  roots  of  these  tips  to  deveop. 
The  berry  patch  should  be  well  culti¬ 
vated  before  laying  down  the  canes. 
The  tips  should  be  nicely  covered  with 
earth,  not  too  deep,  but  just  enough  so 
they  are  down  well  into  the  moisture. 
They  may  be  cut  from  the  canes  late 
in  the  Fall  or  early  in  the  Spring,  and 
dug  up  for  transplanting. 

Some  varieties  of  red  raspberries  and 
blackberries  send  up  fine  suckers  if  the 
patch  has  been  well  cultivated.  These 
make  good  plants  for  resetting  in  the 
Spring.  Great  care  must  be  exercised  in 
selecting  these  young  shoots,  especially 
in  a  small  patch  where  there  are  several 
varieties,  as  mixtures  are  apt  to  occur. 
A  good  way  to  propagate  nice  blackberry 
plants  is  to  dig  around  the  vines  in  the 
Spring  and  cut  off  some  small  pieces  of 
root.  Then  lay  the  roots  along  in  a 
row  and  cover  them  with  a  few  inches 
of  earth.  They  will  grow  up  into  nice 
bushes  in  one  season  and  make  excellent 
transplants.  m.  k. 


T7T>  I  ?  !  Y  this  real  leather  bill  fold 
-T1  rvJLl/  Vj  for  the  Head  of  the  Farm 


( Not  for  boys — they're  all  right  and  their  turn 
will  come  later — but  this  is  for  the  boss.) 

Thousands  of  farmers  will  buy  gasoline  engines  this  Fall  and  Winter. 
I  want  to  get  in  direct  and  personal  touch  with  every  one  of  them,  as 
I  want  them  to  know  about  the  Olds  Engine. 

If  you  .are  going  to  buy  an  engine,  or  are  thinking  about  it.,  you  ought  to  know  what  an 
Olds  Engine  will  do  for  you.  I  want  to  tell  you  about  them — 
give  you  just  the  information  you  want — so  if  you  will  fill  out  the 
coupon  below  (or  write  me  a  letter)  saying  what  size  engine  you 
want,  whether  portable  or  stationary,  and  when  you  expect  to  need 
one,  without  asking  you  to  make  any  promise  or  obligating  you 
in  any  way,  I  will  send  you  absolutely  free  *  this  genuine  calfskin 
bill  fold,  stamped  with  your  name  in  gold  letters. 

It  will  hold  fifteen  bills  easily.  When  folded  it  will  go  in 
a  small  pocket.  It  is  very  convenient,  handsome  and  useful; 
will  last  a  lifetime.  Has  no  advertisement  on  it. 


AI  r\Q  GASOLINE 
ULL/J  ENGINES 


are  known  the  world  over  and  used  by  farmers  everywhere.  They  are  the  most  satis¬ 
factory  engine  made  for  farm  work.  I  guarantee  them  to  do  all  we  say  they  will — you 
to  be  the  judge.  Ask  any  man  who  has  an  Olds  Engine.  He  will  tell  you. 


IVe  also  make  complete  electric  light  and  water  systems  especially  for  farms. 

IV rite  for  our  prices  on  corn  shelters,  corn  buskers,  feed  grinders  and  cream  separators. 

If  you  are  going  to  buy  an  engine,  put  a  check  mark  (X)  in  the  place  showing  the  size  and  style 
engine  you  want,  and  when  you  expect  to  need  it,  and  mail  to  me  personally  at  once.  Address  me 
as  below. 


BRANCHES 

1007  Farnam  St. 

Omaha,  Neb. 

2112  Central  St. 

Kansas  City,  Mo. 


J.  B.  SEAGER,  Gen.  Mgr. 

Seager  Engine  Works 

908  Walnut  St.,  Lansing,  Mich. 


BRANCHES 

102  N.  Los  Angeles  St. 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

65C  Beverly  St. 

Boston.  Mass. 


To  make  quick  deliveries,  I  also  have  a  complete  stock  of  engines  and  parts  in  warehouses  at 
Houston,  Tex.  Atlanta,  Ga.  Decatur,  111,  Lexington,  Miss.  Cairo,  Ill.  Minneapolis,  Minn.  Binghamton,  N.Y.  Philadelphia,  Pa, 

NOTICE— If  you  prefer,  write  ’to  my  nearest  branch,  and  if  I  am  not  there, 
my  personal  representative  will  attend  to  it. 


Cut  or  tear  off  here 


Seager  Engine  Works,  Lansing,  Mich. 

Send  me  full  particulars  about  the  following  engine.  It 
is  understood  that  I  do  not  obligate  myself  in  any  way  by 
asking  for  this  information. 

Style  wanted  :  Portable  Stationary 

Horse  Power  wanted:  1%  3  V/z  6  8  12  15  20 

Expect  to  need  itj:  .Sept.  Oct.  Nov.  Dec.  JanT 


Name.. 
Town .. 


..R.  F.  D. 


County. 


908 


Sign  atm*  pUlulf,  Just  Iks  way  f*I  vast  M  n  bill  fold. 


T 


▼ 


©40 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMERS  PAPER 

A  Nutionnl  Weekly  Journal  l'or  Country  and  Suburban  Homes 

Established  fsso 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 

Herbert  W.  Collixgwood,  President  and  Editor. 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

\Vm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Boyle,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union.  $2.01.  equal  to  8s.  6d.,  or 
%%  marks,  or  10}<!  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  ns  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  Rut  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such' swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  trifling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  bo 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural,  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

The  election  in  Maine  was  a  fierce  battle  over  Pro¬ 
hibition.  With  one  of  the  largest  votes  on  record, 
there  is  a  margin  of  less  than  300  votes  either  way. 
The  country  towns  voted  solidly  for  Prohibition, 
while  the  cities  went  as  strongly  against  it.  Maine 
is  becoming  more  and  more  a  Summer  pleasure 
ground  for  visitors  and  many  of  this  class  favor 
saloons  and  drinking  places  at  the  Summer  resorts. 
There  was  another  element,  not  often  mentioned, 
which  we  think  had  much  to  do  with  the  result.  The 
politicians  have  been  using  Prohibition  very  much  as 
the  Southern  politicians  formerly  used  “negro  dour 
ination”  to  scare  the  voters  away  from  real  reforms. 
On  a  smaller  scale  it  was  much  like  the  old  tariff 
issue,  which  for  so  many  years  prevented  the  people 
from  making  any  real  political  progress.  We  believe 
that  discontent  with  this  condition  was  the  element 
which  turned  the  tide  against  Prohibition.  The 
amendment  providing  for  direct  nominations  was 
carried  by  a  good  majority.  Now  see  if  these  Maine 
farmers  do  not  make  good  use  of  their  power! 

The  California  Raisin  Growers’  Association  was  a 
cooperative  company  organized  to  handle  the  raisin 
crop.  Eight  years  ago  it  went  out  of  business,  being 
unable  to  control  enough  of  the  crop  to  command  the 
market.  During  the  last  of  its  life,  the  directors 
advanced  money  to  certain  members  on  the  chance 
of  a  rise  in  the  market.  The  price  did  not  rise  as 
expected,  so  that  these  favored  ones  received  more 
for  their  raisins  than  others.  When  the  association 
ended  those  overpaid  members  were  called  upon  to 
pay  back  the  difference  between  the  general  price  and 
the  higher  advance  which  they  received.  Some  of  them 
refused,  and  have  been  fighting  it  out  in  the  courts 
ever  since.  These  growers  claimed  that  the  associa¬ 
tion  was  a  trust  organized  in  restraint  of  trade,  so 
that  it  could  not  legally  enforce  its  demands.  The 
Supreme  Court  has  now  decided  against  them.  The 
association  was  not  an  illegal  trust,  and  these  over¬ 
paid  members  must  pay  back.  Such  a  defense  should 
never  have  been  made,  hut  when  some  men  get  hold 
of  a  dollar  it  is  like  shaking  a  mountain  to  loosen 
their  grip. 

* 

One  of  the  meanest  practices  in  the  poultry  busi¬ 
ness  is  that  of  breaking  contracts  to  deliver  stock.  A 
customer  will  arrange  with  a  breeder  for  a  certain 
number  of  good  laying  pullets  to  be  delivered  in  early 
Fall.  Usually  the  buyer  pays  part  of  the  price  on 
making  the  contract.  Thinking  he  is  dealing  with 
honorable  people,  he  makes  no  further  arrangements 
for  Winter  layers.  In  late  Summer  he  writes  to 
have  the  pullets  sent,  and  is  informed  that  the  breeder 
cannot  furnish  them.  This  breeder  is  usually  as  full 
of  excuses  as  the  men  in  the  Bible  story  who  were 
invited  to  the  feast.  The  chances  are  that  he  had  a 
chance  to  sell  the  pullets  at  a  higher  price,  broke  his 
contract  and  took  the  chance  of  picking  up  others  to 
supply  his  customer.  Unable  to  do  this  he  simply 
backs  out !  The  buye'r  is  left  without  Winter  layers — 
too  late  in  the  season  to  obtain  a  suitable  stock. 
These  men  who  break  their  word  as  carelessly  as 
they  would  a  rotten  stick  are  a  curse  to  the  poultry 
fraternity.  While  you  may  be  sure  they  are  morally 
guilty  of  the  meanest  breach  of  contract,  they  have  a 
dozen  small  holes  in  the  shape  of  excuses  that  they 
can  crawl  through.  A  few  of  them  should  be  shown 
up  publicly  fo.r  the  credit  of  the  “Business  Hen.” 
Will  some  of  our  readers  who  have  been  thus  vic¬ 
timized  send  us  the  records  of  their  case? 


THE  RURAI>  NEW-YORKER 

["  At  the  State  Fair  a  meeting  of  alumni  and  friends 
of  the  Cornell  Agricultural  College  was  called  to  con¬ 
sider  college  matters.  After  some  discussion  the  fol¬ 
lowing  resolution  was  passed.  The  committee  is  at 
work.  Every  farmer  in  New  York  should  consider 
himself  a  member  of  it: 

We,  representing  the  Alumni  of  the  College  of  Agri¬ 
culture  at  Cornell  University,  learning  with  the  greatest 
regret  of  the  resignation  of  Dean  Bailey  as  Director, 
desire  to  express  to  him  our  sincere  appreciation  of  his 
good  work  and  our  earnest  wish  that  he  reconsider  his 
determination  to  retire. 

Therefore,  he  it  resolved  that  we  believe  the  great 
development  of  the  Agricultural  College  and  the  high 
efficiency  of  the  work  done  there  is  due  in  large  measure 
to  his  broad  and  comprehensive  grasp  of  our  agricultural 
problems,  and  to  his  ability  as  an  educator  and  organizer. 

And  he  it  also  resolved  that  we  would  regard  the  ac¬ 
ceptance  of  his  tendered  resignation  as  nothing  less  than 
a  calamity 

And  he  it  further  resolved,  in  view  of  this  situation, 
that  a  committee  of  15  alumni  be  appointed  by  the 
chairman  of  this  meeting,  with  power  to  add  such  other 
members  to  this  committee  as  may  be  necessary,  not  to 
exceed  25  in  number,  who  are  authorized  to  take  such 
steps  as  may  be  necessary  to  secure  his  retention  and 
report  to  the  Alumni,  in  order  that  they  may  become 
thoroughly  familiar  with  the  situation,  and  that  every 
proper  effort  may  be  made  to  retain  Dean  Bailey's  ser¬ 
vices. 

* 

The  daily  papers  have  had  much  to  say  about  a 
controversy  between  President  Taft  and  the  Con¬ 
necticut  State  Grange.  As  usual  such  papers  twist 
the  matter  in  an  effort  to  discredit  farmers.  There 
are  two  large  fairs  in  Connecticut ;  one  recognized 
as  the  State  fair  is  held  at  Berlin.  Near  Hartford 
is  a  racetrack  where  a  trotting  meeting  called  a  fair 
is  held  each  year.  The  managers  of  this  horse  trot 
and  some  shrewd  politicians  saw  a  chance  to  help 
themselves.  So  they  suggested  to  some  members  of 
the  Grange  that  the  organization  celebrate  “Farmers’ 
Day”  at  this  meeting.  They  invited  President  Tatt — 
the  object  evidently  being  to  claim  that  the  farmers 
were  not  opposed  to  the  President.  As  a  matter  of 
fact,  the  Connecticut  farmers,  and  particularly  the 
members  of  the  Grange,  oppose  Mr.  Taft  bitterly  on 
account  of  his  position  on  reciprocity.  When  the  real 
officers  of  the  Grange  met  they  decided  not  to  have 
any  “Farmers’  Day”  at  this  horse  trot  They  meant 
no  personal  affront  to  the  President,  but  simply  re¬ 
fused  to  put  themselves  in  what  they  considered  a 
doubly  false  position. 

Then  the  long-headed  politicans  thought  they  saw 
another  chance  to  make  capital.  Mr.  Taft  came,  hut 
the  farmers  did  not  show  up.  There  is  always  a 
crowd  at  such  a  meeting,  and  it  was  easy  to  fill  the 
papers  with  reports  of  a  great  throng.  They  claimed 
that  the  farmers’  opposition  to  Mr.  Taft  had  “petered 
out”  and  that  the  Grange  had  lost  its  influence,  etc. 
Under  these  circumstances  we  think  the  Grange  made 
a  mistake,  because  it  has  given  the  politicians  and  the 
daily  papers  a  chance  to  say  that  the  farmers  talk, 
yet  do  nothing.  The  facts  are  that  a  large  majority 
of  northern  farmers  are  opposed  to  the  President. 
They  feel  that  he  forced  through  Congress  a ‘hill 
which  will  compel  them  to  sell  what  they  grow  in  a 
free  trade  market.  When  he  might  have  given  them 
relief  by  cutting  the  tariff  on  things  they  are  obliged 
to  buy  he  refused  to  do  it  for  reasons  which  should  in 
all  fairness  have  been  also  applied  to  reciprocity. 
The  President  may  go  about  the  country  and  talk  to 
large  crowds  at  fair  grounds,  and  the  daily  papers 
may  see  in  these  crowds  evidence  that  our  farmers 
believe  in  his  policies.  Any  man  who  can  go  among 
the  farmers  and  learn  their  honest  opinions  will 
quickly  see  that  a  serious  revolt  is  working  out.  With 
any  fair  system  of  direct  primaries  which  would  en¬ 
able  country  people  to  express  their  real  choice  Mr. 
Taft’s  friends  would  be  obliged  to  fight  for  every 
delegate  from  the  rural  parts  of  New  York  and  half 
a  dozen  other  Eastern  States.  This  statement  is  not 
made  from  any  personal  bias,  but  is  the  truth,  which 
anyone  but  a  dunce  or  rabid  partisan  can  easily 
verify. 

* 

We  have  spoken  several  times  of  the  famous  or¬ 
chard  of  A.  T.  Repp  in  southern  New  Jersey.  Mr. 
Repp  is  president  of  the  New  Jersey  State  Horticul¬ 
tural  Society  and  is  an  expert  fruit  grower.  Go  to 
his  orchard  in  August  and  you  would  not  call  him 
so,  for  the  trees  stand  in  a  great  mass  of  the  worst 
varieties  of  weeds.  They  are  shoulder  high  in  many 
places — yet  the  trees  are  loaded  to  the  ground  with 
the  finest  fruit.  You  should  judge  a  fruit  grower  by 
his  fruit — not  by  his  weeds — especially  when  the  latter 
are  part  of  a  regular  system.  Mr.  Repp’s  plan  is 
to  plow  early  and  fertilize  heavily  with  a  high-grade 
fertilizer.  Then  he  gives  the  most  thorough  culture 
up  to  the  middle  of  July.  This  gives  all  the  growth 
the  trees  can  safely  carry  to  next  season.  If  the 
orchard  were  still  cultivated  or  even  if  the  soil  were 
kept  bare  the  trees  would  be  forced  so  hard  that  they 


September  23, 

would  be  injured.  Their  growth  must  be  stopped  so 
as  to  let  the  wood  and  the  fruit  buds  mature.  When 
cultivation  stops  this  great  weed  crop  starts.  It 
utilizes  the  available  plant  food  in  the  soil  and  takes 
its  share  of  moisture.  The  trees  therefore  are  left 
to  mature  their  crop  without  making  much  more 
growth,  and  this  is  just  what  is  wanted.  Of  course 
you  will  ask — why  not  sow  a  cover  crop  like  clover 
and  vetch  and  thus  add  nitrogen  to  the  soil?  The 
answer  is  that  on  this  light  soil  and  in  a  climate 
where  blight  is  prevalent  too  much  nitrogen  is  an 
objection.  The  soil  itself  should  not  he  too  rich. 
Mr.  Repp  says  he  wants  to  know  just  how  much  nitro¬ 
gen  the  orchard  receives.  When  he  uses  chemicals  he 
can  tell  this.  A  crop  like  clover  would  add  too  much. 
The  late  Dr.  Voorhees  told  us  that  this  was  sound 
doctrine,  and  wise  reasoning  for  this  case.  It  would 
not  he  wise  in  many  other  locations  especially  in 
northern  apple  orchards  which  need  more  nitrogen. 
Many  a  good  fruit  grower  without  studying  out  the 
details  would  say  Repp’s  method  is  all  wrong  because 
it  goes  against  the  established  rules.  Yet  it  is  doubt¬ 
ful  if  any  of  them  can  show  finer  fruit  or  larger  net 
income  per  acre  than  the  Repp  orchards  produce. 
After  all,  these  things  are  what  determine  the  value 
of  the  method.  That  man  does  best  who  cuts  away 
from  cast-iron  rules  and  thinks  out  a  method  to  suit 
his  own  needs.  The  danger  is  that  some  new  begin¬ 
ners  will  take  this  man’s  special  method  for  a  safe 
rule  in  general  practice. 

* 

Two  weeks  ago  the  Hope  Farm  man  told  of  the 
changes  wrought  in  a  section  of  Mississippi  by  the 
Jersey  cow  and  Alfalfa.  There  are  hundreds  of 
similar  cases  in  various  parts  of  the  country  and 
thousands  more  where  the  general  production  of 
some  special  crop  or  product  would  make  a  region 
prosperous  and  famous.  The  thing  has  been  done 
with  apples,  cranberries,  hens,  lambs,  or  strawberries. 
The  history  of  one  is  much  the  same  of  all.  Somg 
man  or  group  of  men,  usually  with  white  hair,  have 
a  vision  of  the  future.  It  seems  as  idle  as  a  dream 
to  their  neighbors,  but  these  men  live  down  ridicule 
and  patiently  demonstrate  the  possibilities  of  their 
plajis.  They  pass  away,  but  younger  men  follow  them 
and  fight  the  thing  on  to  success.  Let  the  farmers  of 
any  section  make  a  great  success  of  any  product,  and 
the  transportation  people  and  the  middlemen  come 
rushing  for  their  share.  In  Mississippi  there  is  a  con¬ 
stant  fight  with  the  railroad  commissioners  over  rail¬ 
road  rates  for  carrying  cattle  or  hay.  There  is  hardly 
a  county  in  this  country  in  which  some  special  crop 
could  not  he  developed  so  as  to  advertise  the  sec¬ 
tion,  but  the  history  of  all  such  enterprises  will  be 
much  the  same  as  outlined  above. 

* 

“The  most  important  meeting  to  he  held  this  year.” 

Henry  Wallace  of  Iowa  says  that  statement  is  true 
of  the  National  Conservation  Congress  to  be  held  at 
Kansas  City  September  25-2?.  Mr.  Wallace  is  presi¬ 
dent  of  this  Congress,  and,  as  many  of  our  readers 
know,  that  connection  alone  is  enough  to  give  the 
Congress  character  and  practical  value.  ‘'Conserva¬ 
tion”  when  first  suggested  covered  forests,  water 
power,  mineral  resources  and  the  fertility  of  the  soil. 
The  object  of  the  Congress  is  to  call  attention  to 
these  things,  and  insist  that  public  property  must  be 
kept  for  the  use  of  the  people.  There  is  a  fearful 
battle  coming  between  the  land  grabbers  and  monopo¬ 
lies  on  one  side,  and  the  common  people  on  the 
other,  for  the  right  to  use  this  natural  wealth.  Out 
of  this  grows  another  line  of  conservation — the  right 
of  the  farmer  to  such  a  share  of  his  own  products  as 
will  give  him  independence  and  a  good  home.  Unless 
we  can  have  farmers  who  feel  that  they  obtain  a  fair 
share  of  the  consumer’s  dollar  and  a  fair  dollar’s 
worth  in  what  they  buy  little  progress  can  be  made 
against  the  lan'd  grabbers.  The  civilization  of  the 
city  alone  cannot  make  a  successful  fight  for  con¬ 
servation.  It  will  help  therefore  if  thousands  of  ac¬ 
tual  farmers  and  their  wives  can  attend  this  meeting. 
The  only  petition  that  carries  weight  is  a  petition  in 
clothes. 


BREVITIES. 

What  shall  we  do  to  the  tree  agent? 

Never  forget  the  rye  to  cure  the  hare  ground. 

That  benevolent  orris  root  gentleman  is  at  his  old  work. 
He  offers  roots  at  seven  cents  each  and  says  there  will  be 
a  fortune  in  the  business.  Let  him  alone — or  let  him 
root  for  his  own  living. 

It  seems  easy  to  the  man  who  knows.  He  cannot  under¬ 
stand  how  anyone  can  fail  to  grow  Alfalfa  or  succeed 
with  an  orchard.  Such  people  forget  there  ever  was  a 
time  when  they  did  not  know  A  from  B. 

Pull  up  a  few  tomato  vines  just  before  the  hard  frost 
and  get  them  under  cover.  The  green  ones  will  slowly 
ripen.  Another  way  is  to  put  the  green  tomatoes  under 
glass  in  the  cold  frame  before  they  are  frosted. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


847 


OTHER  PEOPLE'S  MONEY. 

When  we  show  up  one  after  another 
of  the  Lewis  schemes,  he  answers  all 
with  the  same  argument.  “Lies,”  he 
says.  Now  let  us  prove  him  a  knave 
out  of  his  own  mouth. 

In  the  April,  1908,  number  of  the 
Woman’s  Magazine  he  said  it  had  a  cir¬ 
culation  of  600,000  copies,  and  Woman’s 
Farm  Journal  200,000.  In  January,  1909, 
page  14  of  same  magazine,  he  said  he 
had  the  richest  and  most  profitable  pub¬ 
lishing  business  in  the  world,  issuing 
200  per  cent  dividends.  One-third  of  its 
stock  was  to  be  given  to  the  women, 
insuring  them  an  annual  income  of 
from  $20  to  $30  for  life;  that  in  10 
days  after  announcement  of  a  scheme 
the  subscriptions  increased  500  per  cent. 
On  page  19  of  same  issue  a  string  of 
daily  papers  costing  $16,000,000  was  to 
be  bought,  and  $6,000,000  left  in  the 
treasury,  after  paying  $3,500,000  in  divi¬ 
dends.  February,  1909,  page  19,  he  says 
publishing  plant  is  becoming  the  largest 
and  richest  and  most  profitable  in  the 
world.  March,  1909,  page  11,  he  said 
the  new  printing  plant  had  a  capacity  of 
20  million  copies  monthly,  and  was  pro¬ 
ducing  better  publications  at  less  cost 
than  any  competitor.  April,  1909,  page 
11,  Beautiful  Homes,  he  said,  was  get¬ 
ting  bigger  than  its  parent,  Woman’s 
Magazine  was  growing  with  leaps  and 
bounds,  and  taxing  the  20  million  press 
capacity  to  produce  it.  This,  remem¬ 
ber,  all  appeared  in  advertisements  for 
the  sale  of  subscriptions  and  stocks, 
and  bonds,  and  memberships  in  various 
schemes  all  to  bring  money  to  Lewis. 

Now  turn  to  page  4  of  “National 
Daily”  of  October  15,  1910.  Read  this  v 

Tlie  magazines  published  to-dav  by  the 
Lewis  Publishing  Comimny  have  increased 
in  cost  of  production  through  the  increase 
in  quality  of  the  paper  stock  on  which  they 
are  printed,  and  of  the  mechanical  and  edi¬ 
torial  processes  that  enter  into  them,  nearly 
a  thousaud  per  cent.  In  the  meantime  it 
had  been  impossible  to  increase  their  selling 
price  more  than  200  per  cent,  or  to  increase 
their  advertising  rate  charge  practically  at 
all  in  proportion.  We  are  therefore  laboring 
under  and  facing  conditions  which  necessi¬ 
tated  the  constant  expenditure  of  enormous 
sums  of  money  to  be  invested  in  the  pro¬ 
duction  of  these  magazines,  while  they  were 
being  built  up  to  a  large  volume  of  produc¬ 
tion  and  re-established  in  their  circulation 
and  advertising  patronage,  while  at  the 
same  time  the  cost  of  that  production  was 
constantly  doubling  without  any  correspond¬ 
ingly  rapid  increase  in  their  selling  price 
or  advertising  revenue.  Unquestionably  the 
Lewis  Publishing  Company  had  a  case  of 
appendicitis.  I  could  not  see  it  clearly 
before  but  1  see  it  now,  as  big  as  a  house ; 
and  taking  the  advice  of  the  doctor,  I  pro¬ 
ceeded  to  “cut  it  out.”  “Why  didn’t  you 
cut  out  that  appendix  three  years  ago?” 
My  only  reply  is  that  I  didn’t  know  I  had 
it  until  the  stomach  ache  became  so  bad 
I  could  no  longer  stand  it. 

The  magazines  were  consequently 
discontinued,  because,  as  stated,  they 
were  not  earning  enough  to  pay  the  ex¬ 
pense  of  producing  them.  The  state¬ 
ment  was  that  the  operating  expense 
was  $8,000  a  day  with  the  magazines, 
and  after  disposing  of  them  the  ex¬ 
pense  would  be  only  about  $1600  a  day, 
while  the  revenue  would  remain  prac¬ 
tically  the  same,  assuring  a  profit  of 
$1,000  to  $5,000  per  day  to  the  Publish¬ 
ing  Company;  that  this  meant  the  pay¬ 
ment  of  all  debt;  the  resumption  of  all 
dividends;  the  publication  of  the  great¬ 
est  newspaper  in  America.  He  em¬ 
phasized  the  fact  that  the  Curtis  Pub¬ 
lishing  Company  had  so  increased  its 
facilities  and  the  quality  of  its  publi¬ 
cations,  at  the  same  time  reducing  the 
price,  that  it  had  become  practically  im¬ 
possible  for  any  other  magazine  to  com¬ 
pete  with  them,  and  said  he  thought 
there  were  not  as  many  as  five  maga¬ 
zines  in  the  country  doing  a  profitable 
business.  Since  that  time  the  Publish¬ 
ing  Company  has  been  declared  insol¬ 
vent,  with  a  strong  suspicion  that  it  was 
insolvent  at  the  time  of  the  operation 
for  appendicitis. 

Now  come  to  the  Woman’s  National 
Weekly  of  August,  1911,  and  we  find 
that  with  all  of  his  old  companies  and 
schemes  bankrupt  and  in  the  hands  of 
a  receiver,  and  himself  indicted  by  the 
Federal  Grand  Jury  on  charges  of 
fraud,  he  proposed  the  organization  of 
a  brand  new  company  called  the  Re¬ 
gents’  Publishing  and  Mercantile  Cor¬ 
poration,  and  among  the  many  purposes 
of  this  company  he  starts  off  with  the 
following : 

First,  the  purchase  or  lease  of  the  great 
publishing  plant  of  the  Lewis  Publishing 
Company  and  their  equipment;  the  re-estab¬ 
lishing  of  the  Woman’s  Magazine,  the 
Woman’s  Farm  Journal,  Beautiful  Homes 
and  a  line  of  magazines  and  periodicals, 
each  to  be  of  the  highest  grade  and  to  be 
sold  at  a  price  that  will  net  a  profit  on 
the  subscription  alone,  and  these  publica¬ 
tions  to  be  the  property  of  the  Regents’ 
Corporation. 

After  the  above  record  taken  from 
Lewis’  own  paper  is  it  possible  that 
anv  sane  man  or  woman  will  accept 
this  as  a  sincere  purpose  to  establish 


a  new  company  and  new  business?  If 
with  a  plant  already  under  his  control, 
completely  equipped  and  organized, 
with  a  circulation  for  one  magazine  of 
about  400,000  and  another  of  about  200,- 
000,  and  a  third  in  a  most  flourishing 
condition,  and  subscriptions  increasing 
at  the  rate  of  500%,  he  was  unable  to 
conduct  a  paying  business,  but  on  the 
contrary  found  that  these  magazines 
were  losing  several  thousand  dollars  a 
day,  how  can  he  hope  now  without  a 
dollar  of  his  own  to  borrow  money 
from  women  to  start  a  new  business 
without  any  circulation  or  business  of 
any  kind  to  begin  with?  Under  the 
conditions  as  he  defined  them  no  sane 
man  would  undertake  to  put  his  own 
money  into  the  development  of  a  busi¬ 
ness  of  the  kind,  and  the  only  con¬ 
clusion  is  that  Lewis  is  willing  to  invest 
other  people’s  money  where  business 
prudence  would  forbid  the  investment 
of  his  own,  if  it  really  is  his  intention 
to  invest  this  money  at  all. 

The  number  of  enterprises  and 
schemes  that  Mr.  Lewis  has  organized 
are  variously  estimated  in  the  neighbor¬ 
hood  of  50.  He  has  set  himself  up  as 
a  steward  of  other  people's  money  and 
has  received  an  amount  estimated  at 
eight  million  dollars  from  country  peo¬ 
ple  to  be  invested  in  these  enterprises. 
Practically  every  one  of  them  has  be¬ 
come  bankrupt  and  over  a  series  of 
nearly  10  years,  little  if  any  of  the 
money  has  ever  been  returned  to  the 
people  who  entrusted  it  to  him.  Most 
of  the  money  has  been  lost.  Yet  as 
one  of  the  victims  has  pointed  out, 
Lewis  alleges  he  is  “happy  and  care 
free”  and  wants  to  continue  the  privi¬ 
lege  of  handling  other  people’s  money. 
With  this  consistent  record  of  failures 
and  bankruptcy,  if  Mr.  Lewis  had  any 
sincere  regard  for  these  women,  isn’t 
it  plain  that  he  would  admit  his  failure 
and  cease  to  solicit  the  savings  of  poor 
country  people?  Even  if  the  losses 
were  due  to  causes  not  his  own,  he 
would  not  be  justified  in  the  face  of 
his  record  to  continue  to  hazard  the 
savings  that  poor  people  have  accumu¬ 
lated  in  a  lifetime,  but  Lewis  has  no 
scruples.  He  collects  his  money  from 
poor  people  widely  distributed  because 
these  victims  are  not  in  a  position  to 
seek  redress.  Since  the  indictment  on 
criminal  charges  by  the  Grand  Jury  lie 
has  modified  his  schemes,  now  making 
no  definite  promises  but  brazenly  mak¬ 
ing  appeals  for  money  for  which  he 
even  promises  no  accounting. 

This  new  proposition,  the  Regents’ 
Corporation,  has  one  remarkable  fea¬ 
ture — he  claims  it  is  receiver-proof.  In 
other  words  you  pay  in  your  money 
and  you  have  no  redress  for  any  griev¬ 
ance  or  any  claim  or  any  right.  If  it 
owes  you  money  you  can’t  collect  it. 
Lewis  evidently  gave  this  out  as  an 
inducement  for  investment  in  it.  Scarce¬ 
ly  a  stronger  reason  could  be  given 
for  staying  out  of  it  unless  it  may  be 
the  above  record  in  which  Lewis  most 
conclusively  proves  his  own  insincerity 
in  proposing  to  establish  a  business  on 
the  lines  that  have  already  proved  a 
failure.  A  company  immune  to  court 
proceedings  on  behalf  of  its  creditors 
and  stockholders  would  certainly  be  a 
bonanza  for  Lewis.  While  he  can  go 
on  collecting  money,  paying  nothing  and 
accounting  for  nothing,  he  prospers;  but 
when  awakened  victims  and  unsympa¬ 
thetic  courts  demand  an  accounting, 
bankruptcy  is  the  only  recourse. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — At  the  instance  of  Harry 
I’.  Cassidy,  special  agent  of  the  Pure  Food 
Department  of  Pennsylvania,  George  F. 
Baer,  president  of  the  Reading  Railroad 
Company,  at  Philadelphia,  was  served  with 
a  summons  September  7  to  appear  before  a 
magistrate  and  answer  a  charge  of  causing 
the  sale  of  bad  eggs.  A  summons  is  usually 
served  when  an  arrest  is  not  desired.  The 
State  Pure  Food  Department  alleges  that 
the  railroad  company  sells  putrid  eggs  left 
on  its  hands  by  consignees.  A  test  case 
was  decided  upon-  and  the  summons  for  Mr. 
Baer  was  secured. 

Eugene  Christian,  “food  naturalist  and 
expert  writer  on  harmonious  dishes,”  was 
examined  September  8  at  New  York  before 
trial  in  a  suit  tiled  against  him  by  Mrs. 
Mollie  F.  Pearce,  widow  of  a  banker  form¬ 
erly  of  Covington.  Ky..  in  which  Mrs.  Pearce 
seeks  to  recover  $4,180.  with  interest, 
which  she  says  she  paid  to  Christian  for 
310  shares  of  stock  in  the  Christian  Nat¬ 
ural  Food  Company.  Mrs.  Pearce  in  her 
complaint  says  that  recently  she  learned 
that  Christian  had  misrepresented  to  her 
the  value  of  the  stock,  the  business  pros¬ 
pects  of  the  company  and  had  falsely  stated 
to  her  that  “Louis  II.  Vories.  general  man¬ 
ager  of  the  Uneeda  Biscuit  Company.”  was 
vice-president  of  the  Christian  Natural 
Food  Company  and  was  about  to  take  “an 
active  interest”  in  booming  the  Christian 
concern  and  its  products  along.  Mrs.  Pearce 
says  that  she  paid  $2,495  in  April,  1908.  8285 
in  November  of  the  same  year  and  $950  in 
January,  1909,  to  Christian  for  stock  which 
she  now  charges  was  Christian's  own  "pro¬ 
motion  stock.”  In  Mrs.  Pearce’s  complaint 
she  also  says  that  she  was  led  to  invest  in 


the  stock  because  Christian  had  told  her 
that  the  company  owned  large  interests  in 
a  company  in  England,  and  that  the  com¬ 
pany  also  had  just  obtained  a  factory  at 
Kenilworth,  N.  J.,  for  $79,430.56  and  owned 
factory  equipment,  etc.,  to  the  value  of 
$70,000.  Mrs.  Pearce  says  she  has  since 
learned  that  the  company  was  not  inter¬ 
ested  in  an  English  plant,  that  Louis  H. 
Vories  had  had  no  connection  with  the 
Christian  Company,  at  least  up  to  four 
months  previous  to  the  time  Christian  told 
her  Vories  was  with  his  company,  and  that 
the  Christian  company  didn't  own  a  fac¬ 
tory  at  Kenilworth  but  had  only  “an  equity 
In  the  factory  of  no  value  whatever”  and 
did  not  own  factory  equipment  exceeding 
$5,000.  In  answer  to  the  present  suit 
Christian  makes  a  general  denial  oi  Mrs. 
Pearce’s  charges. 

Nineteen  persons  were  injured,  one  of 
them  probably  fatally,  when  two  cars  on 
the  Grand  Rapids  and  Grand  Haven  inter- 
urban  railway  met  in  a  rear  end  collision 
one  mile  east  of  Fruitport,  Mich.,  Septem¬ 
ber  10.  There  was  a  heavy  fog  and  it  is 
believed  that  the  motorman  was  unable  to 
see  the  first  car  had  stopped  to  let  off  pas¬ 
sengers. 

The  New  Jersey  State  Health  Depart¬ 
ment  made  September  9  another  seizure  of 
rotten  eggs  stored  presumably  for  food  pur¬ 
poses.  The  raid  was  conducted  by  William 
G.  Tice,  assistant  chief  of  the  Department 
of  Food  and  Drugs  of  the  State  Board,  and 
Dr.  Isaac  II.  Shaw,  and  it  resulted  in  the 
seizure  of  10,000  bad  eggs  in  shell  that 
were  stored  in  the  Merchants’  Refrigerat¬ 
ing  Company’s  plant  in  Jersey  City,  it  was 
said,  by  Joseph  Kolb  of  New  York  City. 
Kolb  claims  the  eggs  were  intended  for 
tanners’  use  and  not  for  food,  but  the 
department  believes  they  were  hurried  to 
storage  to  prevent  their  being  found  by 
inspectors  now  working  among  bakeshops. 

Juan  Morales,  a  Spanish  farmer,  living 
seven  miles  out  of  Brownsville,  Texas,  with 
a  jackknife  as  his  only  weapon,  killed  a 
mountain  lion  which  had  killed  one  of  his 
children  in  their  home,  bound  up  his  arm, 
which  the  lion  had  lacerated  and  crushed 
in  the  fight,  and  walked  into  town.  He 
will  lose  his  arm.  Morales’s  three-year-old 
boy,  thinking  the  lion  was  a  dog,  had 
called  it  into  the  house  and  started  to  pet 
it.  when  the  animal  attacked  the  children. 
Their  screams  brought  their  father  from 
the  field,  but  the  babe,  which  had  attempt¬ 
ed  to  pet  the  beast,  had  been  killed  before 
Morales  arrived. 

Dr.  John  Grant  Lyman,  promoter  of  the 
Panama  Development  Company,  who  is  ac¬ 
cused  of  having  used  the  mails  l’or  fraud¬ 
ulent  purposes,  is  under  arrest  in  San 
Francisco.  He  was  caught  as  he  was  pre¬ 
paring  to  leave  for  Portland,  Ore.  It  is 
believed  that  he  made  from  $25,000  to  $50,- 
000  out  of  the  Panama  scheme.  He  offered 
lauds  in  Panama  at  $5  an  acre.  The  com¬ 
pany's  office  effects  have  been  attached. 
Lyman  is  said  to  have  operated  in  the 
East  and  in  Goldfield,  Nev.,  in  the  days 
when  the  gold  camp  was  booming. 

FARM  AND  GARDEN. — The  manage¬ 
ment  of  the  Americah  Land  and  Irrigation 
Exposition,  to  be  held  at  Madison  Square 
Garden,  New  York,  November  3  to  12.  has 
appointed  Putnam  A.  Bates,  a  consulting 
engineer  who  has  specialized  in  these  sub¬ 
jects,  to  direct  the  exhibits  of  the  exposi¬ 
tion.  Mr.  Bates  intends  to  bring  out  the 
importance  of  close  relationship  between 
engineering  and  agriculture.  He  hopes  not 
only  to  demonstrate  this  to  the  farmer  but 
to  awaken  engineers  to  the  opportunities 
open  to  them  in  agricultural  lines. 

Producer  and  consumer  met  on  common 
ground  at  Fort  Worth,  Texas,  September  12, 
to  wage  war  against  high  living  prices.  In 
the  conference  were  representatives  from 
labor  unions  and  farmers’  organizations, 
from  boards  of  trade  and  the  Cattle  Rais¬ 
ers’  Association  of  Texas.  Several  plans 
for  the  amelioration  of  conditions  now  bur¬ 
dening  the  housewife  and  the  man  who 
pays  the  bills  were  discussed.  One  plan 
contemplates  the  establishment  of  a  State 
selling  agency.  Another  includes  the  or¬ 
ganization  of  an  association  from  bodies  of 
consumers  and  producers  to  operate  an  in¬ 
dependent  packing  plant. 

The  National  Farmers’  Union  in  session 
at  Si.awnee,  Okla.,  September  6,  by  a  unani¬ 
mous  vote  agreed  on  14  cents  as'  the  price 
at  which  the  farmer  should  sell  his  cotton 
during  September  and  October  and  15  cents 
thereafter.  The  action  was  taken  in  the 
adoption  of  the  report  of  a  special  com¬ 
mittee  on  minimum  prices. 

An  investigation  into  alleged  unreason¬ 
able  rates  on  shipments  of  wools  and  hides 
from  western  points  to  eastern  markets  was 
begun  at  Chicago  September  6  by  United 
States  Interstate  Commerce  Commissioner 
I'routy.  A  score  or  more  of  witnesses  have 
been  summoned  to  testify,  after  which  Com¬ 
missioner  I’routy  will  hold  similar  sessions 
at  Denver,  Albuquerque,  N.  M.,  Salt  Lake 
City,  Phoenix,  Ariz.,  and  Portland,  Ore.  It 
is  the  contention  of  the  wool  shippers  that 
the  freight  rates  have  been  advanced  33  1-3 
per  cent  since  the  passage  of  the  Hepburn 
rate  law  four  years  ago,  and  that  the  pres¬ 
ent  tariff  is  exorbitant  in  comparison  with 
rates  charged  for  other  commodities.  R.  II. 
Thompson,  secretary  of  the  National  Wool 
Warehouse  and  Storage  Company,  testified 
that  the  average  movement  of  wood  was  94 
miles  in  24  hours.  He  said  his  company 
had  handled  16.000,000  pounds  of  wool  in 
1910.  John  A.  Muuroe,  freight  traffic  man¬ 
ager  of  the  Union  Pacific,  testified  that  his 
road  had  handled  64,026,480  pounds  of  wool 
in  1910.  F.  J.  Johnston,  of  Blackfoot, 
Idaho,  a  member  of  the  Idaho  Legislature, 
said  he  thought  rates  were  too  high.  He 
said  he  owned  12,000  sheep. 


DIARY  OF  FARM  WORK. 

A  Day  on  an  Illinois  Farm. 

Thursday  evening.  August  31. — I  own  and 
operate  a  farm  of  260  acres,  145  of  which 
furnishes  hay  and  pasture  and  a  portion 
of  which  is  woodland.  100  acres  devoted 
to  corn,  wheat  and  other  grain,  and  the 
remaining  portion  is  occupied  by  buildings, 
family  orchard,  garden,  etc.  I  own  six 
work  teams,  20  dairy  cows,  besides  a  bunch 
of  other  cattle,  good  flock  of  Shropshires, 
about  160  head  of  hogs  of  different  sizes 
and  ages,  and  a  nice  flock  of  about  180 
purebred  Plymouth  Rock  chickens.  I  keep 
four  hired  hands  the  year  around,  besides 
receiving  the  help  of  my  two  sons.  During 
busy  times  sufficient  other  help  is  employed 
We  arose  at  4  a.  m„  started  for  the  barn 
soon  after  and  fed  the  horses  grain  and 
hay,  also  groomed  them  nicely,  which  is 


practiced  regularly  morning  and  evening. 
The  cows  were  called  up  from  pasture  and 
given  their  morning  diet  of  a  mixture  of 
cornmeal  and  bran  and  a  bunch  of  good, 
bright  clover  hay.  We  then  returned  to  the 
house  and  consumed  a  hearty  breakfast, 
after  which  the  cows  were  milked,  the  milk 
separated  and  the  skim-milk,  with  other 
feeds,  was  fed  the  hogs,  calves  and  chick¬ 
ens.  One  of  the  boys,  after  the  cows  were 
milked,  returned  them  to  pasture.  I  have 
a  four  horse-power  gasoline  engine  which 
runs  the  cream  separator,  churn,  washing 
machine,  etc.,  and  we  churned  to-day,  the 
butter  being  pressed  in  one-pound  prints, 
wrapped  in  parchment  paper  and  prepared 
for  shipment.  Of  course,  it  is  needless  to 
say  that  we  exercise  the  utmost  cleanliness 
in  all  things  and  at  all  times  in  the  hand¬ 
ling  of  milk  and  butter  from  start  to  finish. 
Everyone  knows  that  too  much  stress  can¬ 
not  be  laid  upon  the  matter  of  cleanliness. 
After  we  were  through  handling  the  morn¬ 
ing’s  milk  and  churning,  all  the  utensils, 
including  the  separator,  churn  and  butter- 
worker,  were  thoroughly  cleaned,  aired  and 
sunned  until  ready  for  use  again. 

As  the  pastures  ate  good  I  am  not  now 
feeding  my  cattle  and  sheep,  but  I  went 
over  the  pastures  this  morning  and  sup¬ 
plied  them  with  salt  and  saw  that  all 
were  getting  along  well.  I  found  all  of 
them  all  right,  as  usual,  as  it  is  very 
seldom  that  I  have  an  animal  out  of  con¬ 
dition,  exercising  at  all  times  to  keep  them 
in  the  best  possible  health.  I  have  a  very 
large,  purebred  Holstein  bull  that  heads 
my  dairy  herd,  and  while  he  seems  to  be 
“as  harmless  as  a  lamb,”  still  I  didn't 
want  to  run  any  risk  any  longer,  so  I  put  a 
ring  in  his  nose  today  and  shall  hereafter 
have  him  handled  in  a  different  manner 
than  heretofore.  In  returning  to  the  house 
I  stopped  at  the  tank,  which  is  made  of 
concrete,  and  filled  it  with  water  for  the 
cows,  as  the  pasture  in  which  I  have  them 
now  has  no  water  in  it  supplied  by  natural 
brooks,  which  the  other  pastures  have. 

Two  of  the  hired  men  have  been  breaking 
wheat  ground  today,  using  large  gang  plows 
with  which  they  can  turn  a  good  deal  of 
soil.  Another  has  been  following  with  the 
roller.  They  inform  me  that  tomorrow  at 
noon  the  job  will  be  completed,  after  which 

I  shall  have  no  more  done  to  the  land 
until  I  get  ready  to  sow.  I  shall  then  disk 
it  thoroughly,  follow  the  disk  with  a  spike- 
tooth  harrow  and  the  harrow  with  a  plank- 
er.  This  always  puts  my  ground  In  good 
shape  for  the  reception  of  the  seed.  I 
have  about  all  of  my  farm  fenced  with 
barbed  and  woven  wire,  but  there  is  about 
half  a  mile  of  old-fashioned  rail  fence  on 
the  place  which  one  of  the  hired  hands 
and  the  boys  have  been  removing  today, 
and  setting  posts,  as  I  expect  to  begin 
putting  up  woven  wire  along  there  tomor¬ 
row. 

We  all  enjoyed  a  hearty  dinner.  For 
the  first  time  in  a  great  while  the  hands 
were  late  getting  to  dinner,  failing  to  come 
in  till  nearly  one  o’clock,  although  the  bell 
had  been  rung  for  them  at  the  usual  time. 
After  an  hour’s  rest  after  dinner,  which  I 
have  always  allowed  my  hired  hands,  boys 
and  myself,  except  when  work  was  extreme¬ 
ly  pushing,  the  men  all  returned  to  their 
work,  and  I  stepped  down  to  the  hog  lot, 
in  which  I  had  placed  three  brood  sows  due 
to  farrow  flic  day  before.  One  of  the  sows 
had  nine  husky  youngsters.  Not  one  of 
them  can  be  classed  as  a  runt.  Late  this 
afternoon  another  sow  farrowed,  bringing 

II  pigs,  but  one  of  them  was  so  weak  it 

could  not  get  to  the  teat.  I  brought  it  to 
the  house  and  gave  it  some  warm  cow’s 
milk,  and  it  is  getting  along  nicely.  I  have 
been  cutting  weeds  and  briars,  which  have 
grown  up  along  the  roadside  which  runs  in 
front  of  the  barns  and  dwelling,  and  alter 
I  had  come  in  and  sat  down  on  the  front 
porch  and  looked  up  the  road  I  could 
readily  see  that  the  appearance  of  the  place 
had  been  very  much  helped.  There  are 
seven  of  us  in  family — two  boys,  three  girls, 
wife  and  myself.  The  women  folks  feed  the 
chickens,  gather  the  eggs,  attend  to  most  of 
the  garden,  and  do  considerable  other  light 
work  around  the  place.  But  I  guard  their 
strength  carefully,  except  in  very  busy 
times,  as  haying,  when  every  bit  of  help  I 
can  get  may  be  needed — then  the  girls  are 
equal  to  what  Maud  Muller  is  claimed  to 
have  been.  The  older  one,  who  is  19,  has 
been  mowing  the  lawn  to-day,  as  well  as 
cleaning  out  the  back  portion  of  the  yard, 
replacing  some  vines  on  the  veranda,'  and 
other  such  things;  my  wife  and  the  other 
two  girls  have  utilized  the  major  portion  of 
the  day  in  canning  peaches  and  tomatoes. 
My  wife  is  a  great  lover  of  chickens,  and 
I  believe  we  have  as  fine  a  flock  of  the 
breed  as  it  is  possible  to  produce.  Plenty 
of  suitable  quarters  and  yards  are  provided 
for  the  fowls,  and  they  are  certainly  profit¬ 
able.  „  . 

The  men  came  in  from  the  field  in  time, 
as  usual,  to  assist  in  the  evening  chores. 
The  horses  were  let  loose  in  the  lot  to  tum¬ 
ble  and  roll  for  a  while,  after  which  they 
went  to  the  trough  and  partook  of  all  the 
water  they  wished.  Then  they  were  put 
in  the  barn  for  the  night.  In  an  hour  or 
so  they  were  given  their  evening  ration  of 
hay  and  grain.  The  hogs  were  given  a  good 
mess  of  corn  and  swill,  which  they  receive 
twice  a  day  in  addition  to  pasture.  The 
cows  were  brought  up  from  pasture,  fed, 
milked  and  returned.  We  always  rather 
milk  late  in  the  evening  at  this  time  of 
year,  as  the  flies  are  not  so  bad.  I  always 
keep  the  cows  in  the  pasture  both  night  and 
day  during  Summer.  The  milk  was  sepa¬ 
rated  immediately  and  handled  the  same  as 
the  morning’s  milk.  The  chickens  were  fed 
at  the  usual  "hour,  which  is  just  a  short 
time  before  going  to  roost,  and  this  ended 
the  work  with  the  stock  for  the  day.  The 
women  folks  had  completed  all  the  chores 
at  the  house,  and  by  the  time  w6  were 
ready  to  serve  the  evening  meal,  supper 
was  waiting  for  us.  After  each  of  us  had 
satisfied  ourselves  with  food,  the  men  took 
a  rest  on  the  veranda,  the  women  folks 
cleared  away  the  utensils  used  in  serving 
supper,  and  I  wrote  this  story  of  a  day  on 
the  Underwood  Farm. 

Johnson  Co.,  Ill.  w.  h.  uxderwood. 


The  recent  rains  have  greatly  improved 
potatoes,  corn  and  pastures  in  Central 
New  York.  The  corn  supply  is  said  to  be 
the  best  in  several  years,  though  it  is  not 
yet  safe  from  frost. 


64« 

Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

A  PERFECT  DAY. 

Count  that  alone  a  perfect  day 

When,  with  the  folding  leaves  at  night, 
An  inward  voice  may  softly  say : 

“You’ve  done  your  best  since  morning 
light.” 

Your  best,  which  always  must  be  poor, 

With  human  heart,  ’neath  human  sway ; 
But  when  you've  done  it  swift  and  sure, 
Count  that  alone  a  perfect  day. 

The  sunlight  trembles  on  the  sea. 

The  soft  breeze  dies  away  in  sleep, 

The  birds  of  passage  wild  and  free, 

Fly  fearless  home  across  the  deep; 

They  turn  not  east,  they  turn  not  wTest, 

But  with  true  instinct  keep  their  way  ; 
When  you,  too,  know  your  path  is  best, 
Count  that  alone  a  perfect  day. 

V 

When  you  have  soothed  a  wounded  heart. 
And  turned  aside  from  grim  despair 
Some  hopeless  wretch  ;  and  kept  apart 
A  soul  and  sin,  with  help  and  prayer; 
When  you,  at  night,  on  bended  knees, 

With  conscience  clear  can  truly  say  : 

“O,  God  !  what  am  I  more  than  these?” 
Count  that  alone  a  perfect  day. 

When  the  last  sunset  tints  yon  sky, 

And  golden  gleams  are  on  the  hills, 

V\  liile  on  your  couch  of  pain  you  lie, 

Strange  music  all  the  silence  fills, 

A  new  life  current,  strong  and  clear. 

Is  yours ;  around  glad  hymns  of  praise, 
And  then  you  know  the  voices  near 
Are  angola  of  your  perfect  days. 

— Agnes  Marie  Manning 
in  Catholic  Standard  and  Times. 

* 

Glass  spoons,  which  cost  10  cents  and 
upward,  are  useful  for  medicine,  as  they 
can  be  very  easily  washed,  and  are  not 
tarnished  by  drugs  like  a  metal  spoon. 

* 

Colored  blouses  for  tailored  suits  are 
made  of  chiffon  or  marquisette  to  match 
the  suit,  frequently  mounted  over  filet 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


as  the  pin  was  swallowed  with  the  bread 
and  thus  removed  from  her  throat. 
While  swallowing  pins  is  not  to  be 
recommended,  it  is  much  safer  than  re¬ 
taining  them  in  the  throat.  We  have 
used  bread  in  this  way  to  remove  a  fish¬ 
bone  caught  in  the  throat,  and  on  one 
occasion  when  very  severe  choking  re¬ 
sulted  a  lump  of  butter  proved  a  reme¬ 
dial  agent.  This  simple  bit  of  first  aid 
to  the  injured  should  be  remembered; 
it  may  be  of  value  in  a  serious  emer¬ 
gency. 

* 

We  feel  sorry  for  the  farm  family  that 
enters  on  the  dull,  short  days  of  Au¬ 
tumn  and  VVinter  with  no  idea  of  home 
life  beyond  just  sitting  around.  With 
short  days,  long  evenings,  and,  perhaps, 
not  too  much  space  of  warmth  and 
light,  the  quality  of  the  home  life  de¬ 
pends  upon  the  ingredients  each  mem¬ 
ber  puts  into  it.  It  is  the  time  above 
all  others,  to  see  how  much  good  there 
is  in  each  of  us,  and  the  only  touch¬ 
stone  to  bring  out  the  good  in  others 
is  the  good  each  one  determines  to 
bring  out  in  himself.  One’s  develop¬ 
ment  of  character  is  not  helped  by 
clashing  temperaments  and  mental 
sloth,  so  we  think  two  prime  requisites 
for  a  well-spent  farm  Winter  are  cheer¬ 
fulness  and  forbearance,  combined  with 
some  line  of  special  reading  and  study. 
No  one  is  too  old  or  too  young  for 
either. 

Deep  rich  purple — coronation  purple — 
is  a  leading  favorite  in  Fall  millinery; 
it  is  very  often  combined  with  white. 
Bright  green  with  white  is  another  ad¬ 
mired  combination.  Many  new  hats  of 
colored  felt  have  the  brim  faced  with 


lace  or  net,  or  some  heavy  lace  of  Cluny  a  stronS  contrast,  and  we  also  see  milli 


effect.  Braid  combined  with  colored 
chenille  or  crewel  embroideries  is  fav- 
orecl  for  trimming;  small  metal  buttons 
are  also  freely  used. 

* 

If  the  jelly  refuses  to  “jell”  one  rarely 
mends  matters  by  adding  more  sugar 
and  giving  prolonged  boiling.  There 
may  be  cases,  of  course,  where  an  error 
has  been  made  in  the  proportions,  or 
where  the  juice  has  not  been  boiled 
down  enough,  but  excessive  boiling  is 
likely  to  remove  the  fruity  flavor.  We 
would  seal  the  semi-liquid  jelly  without 
further  effort,  and  use  it  like  a  fruit 
syrup.  It  will  make  pudding  sauce  or 
flavoring  for  ice  cream ;  can  be  beaten 
with  white  of  egg  to  make  “jelly 
sponge,”  or  stiffened  with  gelatin  to 
make  molded  jellies;  it  can  also  be  used 
as  the  basis  for  various  drinks,  hot  and 
cold. 

* 

Some  of  the  “great-coats”  seen  in  the 
city  stores  are  most  attractive.  One 
style  seen  was  double-faced  gray  camel's 
hair,  thick  and  soft.  The  reverse  side 
was  lavender,  which  formed  broad  cuffs, 
revers,  and  a  broad  flat  hood,  which 
could  be  unbuttoned  to  form  a  large 
sailor  collar;  the  coat  was  fastened  with 
large  buttons  of  lavender  quartz.  This 
coat  cost  $35.  A  very  handsome  coat  for 
$19  was  black  reversible  cheviot,  with 
collar  and  cuffs  of  black  and  white 
stripes.  The  whole  coat  could  be  turned, 
transforming  it  into  a  black  and  white 
striped  coat  with  black  facings.  There 
are  a  good  many  “great-coats”  of  hand¬ 
some  Scotch  homespuns,  showing  little 
tufts  of  red  on  green  on  a  heather  mixed 
background ;  these  are  extremely  ser¬ 
viceable,  but  quite  expensive. 

* 

A  Williamsburg  girl  held  two  pins 
in  her  mouth  while  hurriedly  dressing. 
A  sudden  movement  caused  her  to  swal¬ 
low  them,  and  one  lodged  in  her  throat. 
The  girl  appeared  to  be  in  danger  of 
choking  to  death,  when  two  policemen 
who  were  called  got  a  crust  of  bread 
and  forced  the  girl  to  swallow  it.  This 
amateur  surgery  relieved  the  girl’s  suf¬ 
fering,  and  most  likely  saved  her  life.- 


nery  bows  and  loops  faced  with  a  dif¬ 
ferent  color.  A  rather  extraordinary 
combination  is  dark  blue  and  purple, 
which  sounds  rather  appalling,  but  a 
dark  blue  felt  hat,  trimmed  with  a  big 
bow  of  dark  blue  edged  and  faced  with 
purple  corded  silk,  was  really  very  hand¬ 
some.  Another  new  trimming  noticed 
on  some  very  fashionable  hats  was  ma- 
crame  lace.  A  white  felt  hat  was 
trimmed  around  the  crown  with  ma- 
crame  of  twine-colored  cord,  with  a 
black  aigrette  at  the  side.  The  ma- 
crame  was  also  noticed  covering  the 
crown  of  a  velvet  toque. 


Tomato  Soup. 

Kindly  give  a  recipe  for  tomato  soup. 

H.  u. 

The  recipe  asked  for  is  one  of  the 
commercial  canned  soups,  and  we  do  not 
know  the  formula  of  the  manufacturer. 
The  following  is  an  excellent  tomato 
soup,  a  fresh  red  in  color  if  good  ripe 
tomatoes  are  used :  Prepare  a  quart  of 
beef  stock  the  day  before  so  that  the 
fat  can  be  skimmed  off.  Add  to  this 
a  quart  of  canned  or  fresh  tomatoes, 
the  latter  peeled  and  sliced ;  a  few  slices 
of  onion,  and  some  sprigs  of  thyme 
and  savory.  Simmer  steadily  for  two 
hours,  then  strain  through  a  sieve,  add 
a  tablespoon ful  of  butter  rolled  in  flour, 
a  teaspoon  ful  of  sugar  and  season  with 
pepper  and  salt.  If  preferred  a  tea¬ 
spoonful  of  onion  and  the  same  of 
kitchen  bouquet  or  Worcestershire 
sauce  may  be  used  after  straining  in¬ 
stead  of  the  sliced  onion  and  herbs. 
Add  half  a  cupful  of  boiled  rice,  sim¬ 
mer  five  minutes,  and  serve  with  heated 
crackers  or  squares  of  toast. 

Tomato  cream  soup,  without  meat,  is 
made  as  follows :  Cook  a  quart  of  toma¬ 
toes  soft  and  rub  through  a  sieve. 
Heat  to  a  boil,  cooking  with  it  a  pinch 
of  soda  and  a  teaspoonful  of  onion 
juice.  Cook  in  another  saucepan  a 
tablespoonful  of  butter  and  a  table¬ 
spoonful  of  flour,  until  they  bubble, 
stirring  well,  and  then  pour  upon  this 
a  pint  of  heated  milk.  Let  this  bubble 
until  it  thickens,  season  the  tomato  with 
pepper  and  salt,  and  then  stir  it  care¬ 
fully  into  the  thickened  milk.  Add  a 
little  Worcestershire  sauce  and  serve 
immediately. _ _ 

Lemon  Butter. — This  is  an  old  family 
recipe  for  the  best  lemon  butter  you 
ever  tasted.  Two  cups  of  sugar,  two 
lemons,  three  eggs,  piece  of  hutter  size 
of  egg.  Use  yellow  rind  of  lemon 
grated,  and  .stir  while  boiling  until  it 
is  smooth.  k.  v.  c. 


September  23. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Tiif. 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Royal  Leather  Rocker 


$ 


Full 
Spring 
Seat  and 
Back — 

Covered  in  Best 
Royal  Leather 

Look  at  tho 

filcture;  doesn't 
h  isRockerlook 
inviting  with 
its  high,  broad, 
shapely  back 
and  deep  roomy 
spring  seat!  It’s 
made  to  last  for¬ 
ever,  and  1 t  s 
wide  arms,  sup¬ 
ported  by  six 
neatly  turned 
smooth  spin- 
dies,  and  mass¬ 
ive  frontcarved 
posts,  give  it 
t  h  e  exclusive¬ 
ness  and  stylo 
that  cannot  be  had  in  any  other  rocker. 
Frame  thoroughly  seasoned  oak,  high  golden  and  gloss 
finish.  Best  quality  Black  Koyal  Leather;  workmanship 
ilrst-class.  Price  but  83.X5  makes  it  tlio  biggest  bargain 
ever  olfered.  We  can  aiford  such  values 


BIQ 

CATALOG 

FREE 


because  we  own  our  own  timber  lands,  saw 
mills,  factories  and  salesrooms.  Money 
back  If  it  is  not  worth  double.  Send  for  our 
large  FREE  cash  catalogue  of  Furniture, 

Rugs,  Curtains,  etc.  Learn  at  oneo  how  much  cheaper  and 
bettor  you  can  buy  for  cash  direct  from  the  manufacturers. 
We  save  you  all  extra  profits.  Write  NOW  ;  better  still, 
enclose  •3.85  for  this  comfortable  rocker.  Order  by  num¬ 
ber  670.  Address:  (11-1) 

Lincoln-Leonard  &  Co.,  1171 W.  37th  Street,  Chicago 


Monarch 


Hydraulic 

Cider  Press 


Net  owners  25i  to  100# 
on  investment  per  year 
Ask  for  Free  Cat¬ 
alog  and  "Good 
Tip”  booklet  tell¬ 
ing  how. 

Monarch  Machinery  Co„  669  Hudson  Terminal,  New  York 


PUMPS  WATER  WITH  WATER. 

Gives  you  “running  water  when  and  where 
you  want  it.”  No  expense  for  power;  no  | 
trouble  ;  no  repairs ;  water  raised  in  any  quan* 
tity  to  any  height.  No  trouble  or  expense  to  j 
maintain.  If  you  desire,  we  will  install  a 
High  D  A  |m  and  guarantee 
nMIfl  to  put  it  in  to 
your  entire  satisfaction,  fora 
fixed  sum,  agreed  upon  in 
advance,  first  cost  is  only  cost. 
Write  us.  Power  Specialty  Co. 

Ill  Broadway,  New  York 


FOSTER  Duty, 


tt/^xT17'V _ Calif,  sago  honey,  freight  paid,  : per 

irkyi\L,I  lb.— Light  Amber,  10c. ;  White,  lie.; 
Water  White,  12c.—  Will  ship  allowing  inspection  before 
payment.  Large  sample,  10c.  Honey  leaflet  free. 
SPENCER  APIARIES  CO.,  Box  03,  Nordhoff,  Cal. 


•  :  y  7-  *.  '.g 


Homemade  Soap. 

Will  you  give  recipe  for  making  common 
yellow  soap,  or  a  white  soap,  and  how 
much  borax  to  put  in  to  make  a  good 
laundry  soap?  Any  soap  recipe  will  be  ap¬ 
preciated.  i.  n.  c. 

The  following  is  an  excellent  white 
hard  soap:  Five  pounds  clear  grease 
melted  but  not  hot;  one  10-cent  can  of 
potash;  one  tablespoonful  borax.  Dis¬ 
solve  the  potash  over  night  in  one  quart 
of  cold  water,  then  turn  the  melted 
grease  on  the  water,  and  stir  constantly 
for  about  ten  minutes,  or  until  it  looks 
like  honey.  Pour  into  a  sheet-iron  pan 
with  greased  paper  in  the  bottom;  when 
sufficiently  hardened  mark  off  into 
squares  and  turn  out. 

Another  stronger  soap  for  laundry  use 
is  made  as  follows :  Six  pounds  of  wash¬ 
ing  soda  and  three  of  unslaked  lime. 
Pour  on  it  carefully  four  gallons  of 
boiling  water,  let  it  stand  until  per¬ 
fectly  clear  and  the  soda  is  dissolved; 
then  drain  off  and  add  six  pounds  of 
clean  fat  to  the  water.  Boil  until  it 
begins  to  harden  (about  two  hours), 
stirring  frequently.  While  boiling  thin 
it  with  two  gallons  of  cold  water  which 
has  been  poured  on  the  soda  and  lime 
and  allowed  to  settle  after  drawing  the 
first  lot  off.  It  must  be  clear  before 
drawing  off.  Add  it  when  there  is  dan¬ 
ger  of  boiling  over.  When  the  soap 
ropes  like  molasses  candy  it  is  done. 
Before  removing  from  fire  stir  in  a 
handful  of  coarse  salt.  Wet  a  tub  to 
prevent  sticking;  pour  in  the  soap;  when 
solid  cut  into  bars  and  dry  in  an  airy 
place. 


vec 


Who  Get 

Hungry 
Between  Meals 

Don’t  deny  yourself  food  till  meal 
time. 

When  that  midmorning  hunger  ap¬ 
proaches,  satisfy  it  with  Uneeda  Biscuit. 
These  biscuit  are  little  nuggets  of  nutrition. 
Each  crisp  soda  cracker  contains  energy 
for  thirty  minutes  more  work. 

Many  business  men  eat  them  at  ten 
in  the  morning.  So  do  school 
children  at  recess. 

They’re  more  nutritive  than 
bread.  You  can  eat  them 
dry  —  or  with  milk 
Uneeda  Biscuit  are 
always  crisp  and 
delightful. 


Never  Sold 
in  Bulk 


In  the  moisture-proof 


NATIONAL  BISCUIT' COMRANY I 

t  sY :V.- r.- s  s  r*Y:  ;•  ^ :  •  f  • :  -Hs  U  •  •  v.V-s.*.V4  v Vi 

•*  **  £ s*i sV*»r; •  •  •  •  / ^  •  •  Wsf 5 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  patterns  and  measurements 
desired. 

The  first  group  shows  7122,  fancy 
peasant  blouse,  34  to  42  bust,  with  high 
or  low  neck,  with  or  without  under 
sleeves.  7111,  girl’s  coat,  6,  .8  to  10 
and  12  years.  7052,  semi-princess  gown, 
with  two  or  four-piece  skirt,  34  to  42 
bust.  7099,  seven-gored  plaited  skirt, 
for  misses  and  small  women,  14,  16  and 


18  years.  6891,  three  or  four-piece  skirt 
with  underlying  panels  on  sides,  22  to 
32  waist,  with  high  or  natural  waist 
line ;  price  of  each  10  cents. 

The  second  group  includes  6984, 
bolero  jacket  for  misses  and  small  wo¬ 
men,  14,  16  and  18  years,  2-54  yards  of 
material  27  inches  wide,  l-%  yards  44  or 
52,  lj4  yards  of  satin  for  collar  and 
trimming,  for  16  year  size.  6995,  fancy 
peasant  blouse,  with  or  without  lining 
that  can  be  fitted  or  made  in  guimpe 
style,  34  to  42  bust.  The  quantity  of 
material  required  for  the  medium  size 
is  1  yard  27  or  36  inches  wide  for  plain 
portion,  1  -)4  yards  27  inches  wide,  ?4 
yards  36  or  44  for  bolero  portions,  1 
yard  for  yoke  and  undersleeves.  6987, 
semi-princess  gown,  with-  round  or  high 
neck,  in  walking  or  round  length,  34 
to  44  bust,  2^4  yards  of  allover  em¬ 
broidery  44  inches  wide  with  2/i  yards 
of  flouncing  18  inches  wide,  .10  yards  of 
banding,  2%  yards  of  edging  to  make 


as  shown  in  •  front  view ;  8jj4  yards  27, 
5J4  yards  36,  4%  yards  44,  with  34 
yards  18  inches  wide  for  yoke  and  collar 
to  make  as  shown  in  back  view,  for 
medium  size.  6985,  peasant  dress,  clos¬ 
ing  at  side  front,  10  to  14  years,  5  yards 
of  material  27  inches  wide,  4%  yards 
36  inches  wide,  2^4  yards  44,  %  yards 
27  for  bands  for  12  year  size.  6992, 
closed  drawers  for  misses  and  small 
women,  14,  16  and  18  years,  yards 
of  material  36  inches  wide,  1^4  yards 
44,  4  yards  of  embroidery  5  inches  wide, 
3  yards  of  beading  for  16  year  size. 
Price  of  each  10  cents. 


Baby’s  Clothes. 

Babies  should  not  be  cumbered  with 
unnecessary  clothing  or  trimming,  and 
each  piece  should  be  arranged  in  a  style 
easy  to  put  on  and  comfortable  to 
wear.  The  one-piece  garments  are  a 
good  choice,  because  of  the  few  seams 
and  simplicity  of  design.  These  may 
be  trimmed  with  lace,  embroidery  or 
handwork,  to  suit  the  mother’s  taste; 
every  piece  should  be  made  of  a  fine 
material  of  soft  texture. 

For  the  wee  new  baby  the  first  bands 
should  be  of  fine,  firm  flannel  left  in 
the  piece  to  be  torn  as  needed,  because 
babies  vary  in  size;  these  should  cover 
the  abdomen  and  reach  to  the  armpits; 
as  soon  as  the  baby  is  a  month  old  the 
elastic  knit  band  with  shoulder  straps 
may  be  used ;  or  the  band  can  be  dis¬ 
pensed  Widi  altogether  when  it  is  not 
needed  for  warmth.  Petticoats  of  flan¬ 
nel  with  sleeves  in  will  take  the  place 
also  of  shirts  as  a  separate  garment. 

I  hese  can  be  made  sack-shaped  with 
a  slope  from  the  under  arm  portion 
to  the  bottom,  which  is  as  wide  as  the 
goods.  Those  1  made  for  my  babies 
were  folded  across  the  goods  at  the 
shoulder;  the  sleeve  and  the  body  cut 
in  one  from  a  pattern ;  the  front  breadth 
sloped  to  the  width  of  the  goods;  but 
the  back  stopped  just  below  the  hip 
and  had  a  full  width  piece  shirred  on  to 
make  up  the  length,  to  be  27  inches 
when  finished ;  all  seams  were  faced  flat 
with  tape.  An  extra  set  of  petticoats 
c:  i  be  made  like  this,  without  sleeves, 
to  wear  over  the  other  when  the  warmth 
is  needed. 

.  "White  etticoats  should  be  of  very 
light  weight  goods,  without  trimming- 
other  than  a  deep  hem  finished  with 
feather  or  hemstitching,  and  hand-run 
tucks. 

rl  o  make  a  pretty  dress  with  the 
sleeves  and  body  in  one,  fold  the  goods 
m  the  middle  crossways  and  baste  at 
the  fold  to  mark  the  space  so  when 
the  material  is  opened  flat  this  line  will 
be  a  guide  to  finish  the  yoke  and 
sleeves ;  then  fold  the  goods  lengthwise 
and  baste  a  line  yoke  depth  crossing 
the  other  marking;  this  is  to  show  the 
middle  of  the  yoke;  fold  again  cross- 
ways  and  cut  out  the  neck  opening;  it 
should  be  a  little  lower  in  the  front 
than  back;  36  inches  is  a  good  width 
for  t’fi-i  design.  Run  fine  tucks  length¬ 
wise  of  the  goods  from  one  selvedge 
to  the  other  for  the  sleeves  and  yoke, 
but  stop  when  the  neck  opening  is 
reached.  1  his  will  leave  a  blank  space 
front  and  back  in  the  middle  of  the 
yoke  for  a  dainty  bit  of  hand  embroid¬ 
ery.  Fine  narrow  lace  to  finish  the 
neck  and  sleeve  edge;  and  a  hemstitched 
bottom  and  sleeve  hem  makes  a  finish 
to  a  garment  that  looks  simple,  but  has 
enough^  handwork  on  it  to  satisfy  any 
mother’s  desire  in  this  line. 

Another  can  be  made  quite  different 
and  with  less  work  by  sewing  insertion 
in  a  line  over  each  shoulder  and  again 
in  the  center  of  the  yoke,  front  and 
back;  a  narrow  edging  is  to  be  sewed 
all  around  each  of  these  pieces  and  a 
little  handwork  done  in  the  spaces  be¬ 
tween.  The  sleeve  is  cut  full  at  the 
wrist  and  shirred  into  a  cuff  made  of 
insertion  with  an  edge  of  lace ;  the  neck 
is  finished  with  lace  to  match  and  the 
bottom  is  finished  with  a  wide  hem¬ 
stitched  hem.  Very  sheer  goods  is  nice 
for  simpler  dresses  for  Summer. 

The  one-piece  bishop  dresses  are  nice 
for  ordinary  wear  with  a  shirring  of 
lace  or  the  gopds  at  the  neck  and  wrist 
for  the  only  trimming;  hand  embroid¬ 
ery  can  be  added  if  desired.  It  is  easy 
to  mark  a  design  on  thin  goods  by 
placing  the  goods  over  the  pattern  on 
a  windowpane;  it  will  show  through 
and  can  be  traced  with  a  pencil.  An¬ 
ther  way  is  to  put  carbon  paper  face 
down  on  the  goods  and  the  pattern  over 
this;  trace  every  line  of  the  pattern 
with  a  pencil  and  it  will  be  transferred 
to  the  goods  below. 

Bootees  are  nice  for  the  new  baby 
and  very  soft-soled  shoes  for  an  older 
one;,  although  the  kid  moccasins  are 
prettier  they  are  not  as  serviceable  as 
the  shoes  with  a  separate  sole,  because 
they  get  out  of  shape  when  worn  a 
few  times  and  are  kicked  off  easily. 
Knit  jackets  are  nice  for  the  cooler 
days  and  cashmere  when  a  light  wrap 
is  needed  in  midsummer.  Any  small 
design  can  be  transferred  to  work  on 
this;  but  one  jacket  I  saw  was  bound 
with  ribbon  and  just  above  this  had 
a  finish  of  French  knots  worked  about 
one  inch  apart  all  around  the  garment, 


and  it  was  very  pretty.  'A  pique  or 
linen  coat  is  nice  for  a  light  warm 
weather  wrap  and  a  dress  protector. 
Even  warm  coats  should  depend  on  the 
wool  in  them  and  not  the  heaviness  of 
the  goods  for  protection. 

For  the  older  baby  wash  hats  of 
pique  or  linen  protect  the  eyes  from  the 
glare  of  the  sun  and  are  cool. 

The  garments  described  can  be  used 
as  well  for  the  older  babies  by  making 
them  short  enough  and  the  sleeves 
wider;  usually  the  baby’s  neck  gets 
longer  and  the  head  is  held  higher  so 
it  is  not  necessary  to  make  a  larger 
neck  opening  unless  a  low  neck  is  de¬ 
sired  for  coolness.  Enough  of  the 
clothes  should  be  removed  on  sultry 
days  to  keep  the  baby  from  perspiring 
and  enough  kept  on  on  cooler  days  so 
baby’s  hands  won’t  be  cold.  Every¬ 
thing  baby  wears  should  be  light  and 
comfortable;  dainty  in  looks  and  easily 
kept  clean. 

EDYTHE  STODDARD  SEYMOUR. 

A  Woman’s  Farm  Day. 

On  August  23  we  arose  at  5  a.  m. 
I  fed  50  hens,  40  chickens  and  45  tur¬ 
keys;  milked  two  cows,  built  my  fire  and 
got  breakfast.  After  breakfast  baked 
my  bread,  made  pie,  cake  and  dough¬ 
nuts.  Then  the  cans  and  pails  and 
dishes  to  be  washed,  besides  beds  to 
be  made  and  sweeping  to  be  done. 
We  were  entertaining  company  and  my 
dinner  must  be  looked  after;  potatoes 
to  be  cleaned,  corn  to  be  husked,  squash 
to  be  cleaned  and  onions  to  be  pre¬ 
pared.  By  the  way,  I  «vish  every  house¬ 
wife  would  try  baking  onions  and  see 
how  much  better  and  sweeter  they  are. 
Trim  and  wash,  leaving  their  jackets 
on,  set  in  a  baking  dish  with  a  little 
water.  As  the  water  boils  out  add 
more.  We  think  them  delicious.  Serve 
in  side  dishes  and  let  each  person  pre¬ 
pare  them  himself  by  pressing  the  in¬ 
side  out  of  the  jacket.  Season  with 
salt,  pepper  and  butter.  This  is  from 
a  French  cook. 

The  afternoon  was  spent  in  visiting. 
Supper  at  5  p.  m. ;  then  the  milking. 
Again,  the  fowls  to  be  fed  and  shut  in 
their  coops  where  not  large  enough 
for  perches.  The  evening  was  enjoyed 
in  singing  and  visiting.  Retired  at  9.30. 

MRS.  E.  J.  RIDER. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Thb 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
"square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Good  Light 


makes  night  work  easier. 
Rayo  lanterns  give  the 
most  light  possible  for 
the  oil  used. 

Rayo  Lanterns  will 
not  blow  or  jar  out. 

^  They  are  easy  to  clean. 
Easy  to  fill  and  light. 
Made  to  stand  hard  wear. 

You  can  get  Rayo  Lan¬ 
terns  in  various  sizes, 
finishes  and  styles.  Each 
is  the  best  you 
can  buy  of  its 
particular  kind. 

All  Rayo  lanterns  are 
equipped  with  selected  Rayo 
globes,  clear,  red  or  green, 
as  desired,  and  wicks  are 
inserted  in  the  burners, 
ready  to  light. 

Dealers  everywhere  ;  or 
write  for  descriptive  circular 
direct  to  any  agency  of  the 

Standard  Oil  Company  I 

(Incorporated)  ( 


-  We  are  now  mailing  our  600-page  Catalogue,  - 

and  it  will  be  sent  to  you,  FREE 
and  Postpaid,  upon  request. 

DRESS  BETTER 

AT  LOWER  COST 

Your  money  will  go  further  this  Fall  than  it  has  gone  in 
several  seasons,  owing  to  the  very  unsettled  conditions 
which  have  existed  in  the  textile  trade  for  several  months. 

We  have  been  fortunate  in  our  purchases  of  raw  materials 
and  made  up  goods.  Then,  too,  the  new  styles  for  Fall 
am  extremely  beautiful,  more  attractive  than  ever.  You 
will  be  delighted  with  the  strikingly  beautiful  garments 
which  have  been  designed  for  the  Fall  and  Winter  season, 
and  surprised  to  learn  the  very  low  prices  which  will  bring 
them  to  you  from  the  great  Macy  store  in  New  York  Cfty. 

Many  of  our  buyers  have  returned  or  are  now  returning 
from  the  fashion  centers  of  Europe,  bringing  with  them  the 
newest  things  produced  by  the  style  creators  of  the  old 
world,  and  you  will  surely  want  to  sec  the  new  Macy  Cata¬ 
logue  with  its  wonderful  variety  of  merchandise,  beautifully 
\  llustrated,  fully  and  accurately  described,  and  all  so  attract- 
i  vely  priced  as  to  enable  you  to  dress  better  this  season  at 
a  very  material  saving. 

Macy’s  Prepaid  Price 
For  This  Fine  Coat 

will  surprise  you.  This  beautiful  garment  is  only  one  of  thousands  of 
ru!li 'fi4'O~W0ar  garments  illustrated  in  the  Macy  Catalogue  for  Fall 
and  Winter  and  we  are  ready  to  send  you  a  free  copy  if  you  will  write 
.  for  it.  1  he  new  book  is  larger  and  better  than  ever.  It  is  easily  the 
largest  catalogue  issued  by  any  retail  store  in  New  York,  the  fashion 
center  or  America.  It  contains  636  pages,  showing  a  wonderful 

vnrmt.v  r»T  nnnnm I ••  1  \l/»  I.,  . i:. n  ■  .• 


in  New  York. 

Then,  too,  our  new  policy  of  prepaying  the  transportation  charges 
on  thousands  of  articles  enables  the  woman  in  California  to  bin-  just 
ns  cheaply  as  the  woman  in  New  York  City.  We  are  prepaying  the 
transportation  charges  on  all  ready-to-wear  apparel  except  shoes 
and  all  jewelry.  I  here  is  nothing  more  for  you  to  pay.  Simply 
send  us  the  price  we  ask  for  any  article  of  wearing  apparel  except 
shoes,  or  any  piece  of  jewelry,  and  we  will  deliver  it  lree  unywhere 
m  the  United  States. 

Our  merchandise  passes  from  first  hands  direct  to  you,  with  hist 
one  small  profit  added.  We  cut  out  the  profits  and  expenses  of  a 
host  of  middlemen  and  pass  along  the  saving  to  you  in  the  form  of 
lower  prices,  and  on  thousands  of  articles  we  pay  all  the  transporta- 
tion  charges  too.  Therefore,  before  you  buy  anything  to  wear  or  to 
use  this  Fall,  please  write  us  a  letter  or  a  postal  card  and  ask  for  a 
copy  of  our  new  book.  It  will  be  sent  you  by  mail,  free  and  postpaid 
the  day  we  receive  your  request.  *  *  ’ 

R.  H.  Macy  &  Co. 

801  Macy  Building,  Herald  Square,  New  York 


oso 


THE  RUR.^4.1^  R  iSW -YOR  KER 


September 


23, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

IMPROVING  A  DAIRY  HERD. 

About  11  years  ago  there  was  a  large 
creamery  built  at  our  place  by  the  Rock¬ 
dale  Creamery  Co.,  so  we  thought  we 
would  buy  a  dairy  and  make  milk.  We 
bought  12  cows  in  the  Fall,  and  al¬ 
though  they  were  good  cows  for  this 
section  at  that  time,  not  one  of  them 
reached  the  40-pound  mark  in  a  single 
day.  A  cow  that  would  give  40  pounds 
of  milk  in  a  day  in  the  Winter  was 
talked  about.  They  were  all  grade  or 
native  stock;  in  about  two  years  we 
bought  our  first  registered  Holstein- 
Friesian  cow  for  $100,  and  she  was  a 
decided  improvement,  so  we  bought  a 
few  more  and  raised  the  heifer  calves 
and  sold  our  grades  as  fast  as  we  raised 
purebreds  to  take  their  places.  Our 
dairy  has  improved  from  less  than  40 
pounds  from  the  best  cow  to  82^4 
pounds  in  a  day  from  our  best  one  this 
Spring.  This  cow’s  milk  averaged  4.39 
per  cent,  fat  on  official  test;  last  year 
she  made  22.52  pounds  of  butter  in 
seven  days,  her  best  day  being  63.9 


terated,  and  that  the  cheapest  grain 
food  was  straight  bran  and  meal,  which 
is  much  less  likely  to  be  adulterated 
than  mixed  food. 

As  I  predicted,  the  cost  of  production 
has  increased  14  cents  per  hundred,  but 
the  market  value  of  the  product  has  in¬ 
creased  70  cents  per  hundred.  If  I  fol¬ 
low  the  Hope  Farm  man’s  example  and 
figure  the  milk  at  $4  per  hundred  on 
the  basis  of  its  food  value,  then  July’s 
net  profit  is  $73.34.  The  Babcock  test 
given  is  the  average  of  two  tests  made 
on  the  1st  and  2d  of  August.  I  intend¬ 
ed  to  test  on  the  last  two  days  of  each 
month,  but  I  did  not  get  to  it.  Here  are 
the  figures : 

Branch. 

31  days’  milk,  953  lbs.  at  $1.50 .  $14,29 

Daily  average,  30  23-31  lbs. 

Babcock  test,  4.7  per  cent  butter  fat. 

Matilda. 

31  days  milk,  1,060  lbs.  at  $1.50..  $15.90 
Daily  average,  34  1-3  lbs. 

Babcock  test,  4.2  per  cent,  butter  fat. 

Cost. 

Pasture . $2.00 

Grain  .  4.18 

Interest  .  1 .00 

$30.19 

7.18 

July’s  net  profit .  $23.01 

Cost  of  production  per  hundred,  35c. 

These  two  little  Jersey  cows  are  still 
at  their  old  game — producing  high- 
grade  milk  as  cheaply  as  possible.  Con¬ 
ditions  are  better  this  month  than  last. 


BRIER  HILL  NETHERLAND  78211.  Fig.  374. 

(Best  day’s  milk,  8*2*4  pounds.  In  7  days,  412)4  pounds  milk  and  2*2.52  pounds  butter.) 


pounds  milk  last  year.  We  have  raised 
one  two-year-old  heifer  that  made  an 
A.  R.  O.  record  of  10.52  pounds  of  but¬ 
ter  in  seven  days  nine  months  after  she 
freshened. 

We  have  at  present  30  head  of  regis¬ 
tered  Holstein-Friesians,  one  being 
shown  above.  I  think  that  the  Holstein 
is  the  best  cow  for  the  dairyman  if  he 
wants  a  gentle  cow  that  will  give  a  large 
flow  of  milk  that  will  make  a  calf  or  a 
baby  thrive,  or  for  one  who  sells  milk. 
They  are  always  in  demand  if  you  have 
one  for  sale.  They  are  the  largest  and 
the  gentlest  of  the  dairy  breeds,  and 
will  produce  more  milk  and  more  butter 
than  any  other  breed,  as  has  been 
shown  by  the  official  records.  It  costs 
no  more  to  feed  a  registered  cow  than  a 
grade  of  the  same  size  and  capacity, 
but  the  calves  of  a  registered  cow  are 
worth  about  as  much  as  the  milk,  and 
so  you  have  about  double  from  her  as 
you  would  from  the  grade.  Almost  any 
good  farmer  can  afford  to  buy  one  or 
two  good  registered  cows,  and  by  raising 
their  calves  he  can  in  a  few  years  have 
a  registered  dairy.  I  think  it  better  to 
buy  a  cow  than  a  calf,  as  you  do  not 
have  to  wait  two  years  for  her  to  pay 
for  her  keeping  henry  ASA  robinson. 

Chenango  Co.,  N.  Y. 


THOSE  CHAUTAUQUA  CO.  COWS. 

TOn  page  776  Mr.  Clement  gave  the  .Tune 
record  of  two  Jersey  cows.  We  now  have 
below  the  record  of  July  and  August.] 

These  two  purebred  Jersey  cows  have 
done  nothing  remarkable  in  July,  and  yet 
they  are  showing  a  fair  profit.  In  the 
early  part  of  the  month  Matilda  suffered 
from  a  severe  attack  of  indigestion,  and 
Branch  suffered  from  lonesomeness 
while  Matilda  was  confined  in  the  barn. 
This  brought  the  milk  yield  down  a 
number  of  pounds  a  day  for  about  two 
weeks.  Then  the  hot,,  dry  weather  and 
the  flies  have  been  unfavorable  for  milk 
production.  We  started  graining,  four 
quarts  per  cow  per  day,  the  first  of 
July.  We  experimented  with  a  number 
of  molasses  feeds  and  patent  stock 
foods,  but  we  came  to  the  conclusion 
that  they  were  all  more  or  less  adul- 


We  have  had  cooler  weather,  more  rain 
and  consequently  better  feed  in  the 
pasture.  Production  has  increased  slight¬ 
ly  at  no  increase  in  cost.  Here  are  the 
figures  for  August : 

Branch. 

31  clays  milk,  1.000  lbs.  at  $1.50 _  $15.00 

Daily  average,  32  9-31  lbs. 

Babcock  test,  5.3  per  cent,  butter  fat. 
Matilda. 

31  days  milk,  1.084*/.  lbs.  at  $1.50.  .$16.26 
Daily  average,  34  29-31  lbs. 

Babcock  test,  4.5  per  cent,  butter  fat. 

Cost. 


Pasture  . . . $2.00 

Grain  . . .  ..  4.18 

Interest .  1.00 


$31.26 

7.18 

August  net  profit . $24.08 

Cost  of  production  per  100  lbs..  34c.  + 

C.  C.  CLEMENT. 

Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y. 


DEI  O  R  S  E  S 


T  HAVE  just 
arrived 
fromBelgium, 

F  ranee  and 
Germany, 
where  I  pur¬ 
chased  an  ex¬ 
tra  line  lot  of 

STALLIONS  * 

and  MARES 

of  the  differ¬ 
ent  breeds, 
which  will  ar¬ 
rive  at  the 

Sharon  Valley  Stock  Farm, 

Newark,  Ohio, 

in  the  next  ten  days.  Will  he  glad  to  weleome'any 
customers  to  the  farm.  Will  also  exhibit  at  all  the 
leading  fairs  in  Ohio,  Pennsylvania  and  West  Vir¬ 
ginia,  where  I  will  be  glad  to  meet  friends  and 
customers.  Col.  G.  VV.  CRAWFORD. 


Perclieron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
at  farmers’  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown.  O, 


STALLION  FOR  SALE  OR  TRADE. 

KU8HIUO,  Trotting  Stallion,  a  first-class  siring 
son  of  Kremlin,  is  offered  for  sale  for  $500,  or  will 
trade  for  a  first-class  “roadster  automobile.*’  This 
stallion  has  a  mark  of  2.08,  is  pronounced  sound 
by  Dr.  Edward  Moore  of  Albany.  N.  V.,  is  guaran¬ 
teed  fearless,  kind  and  gentle  in  all  harness,  and 
has  never  hurt  a  fly.  Particulars  by  letter. 

R.  B.  ANDERSON, 

Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford,  Conu. 


REMEMBER  WHY 

SHARPLES 

Tubular  Cream  Separators 

ARE  THE  WORLD’S  BEST 

Then  you  will  run  no  risk  of  buying 
sonic  separator  which  Tubulars  put 
out  of  date  over  ten  years  ago. 

Tubulars  are  laterthan  and  differ¬ 
ent  from  all  others.  Read  and  remem¬ 
ber  the  following  easily  proven  facts: 

Dairy  Tubulars  Contain  No  Disks. 
Absolutely  nothing  inside  Dairy 
Tubular  bowls  except  one  small, 
smooth  piece  about  the  size  and 
shape  of  a  napkin  ring. 

Tubulars  Have  Twice  The  Skimming 
Force  of  others,  and  there¬ 
fore  skim  faster,  skim 
twice  as  clean,  and  re- 
pea’edly  pay  for  them¬ 
selves  by  saving  what 
others  lose. 

Tabulars  wear  a  Lifetime, 

are  guaranteed  forever  by 
America’s  oldest  and 
world’s  biggest  sep¬ 
arator  concern.  A 
regular,  hand-driven 
Tubular  recently  finished  work 
equal  to  100  years’  service  in  a 
five  to  eight  cow  dairy.  Total 
cost  for  oil  and  repairs  only 
$1.15,  Write  for  Illustrated 
record  showing  how  the  parts 
of  this  Tubular  resisted  wear. 
In  view  of  these  facts,  how 
can  any  other  separator  be  as 
profitable,  durable,  or 
easy  to  care  for  as  the 
Tubular?  Why  bother 
with  any  other?  You  will 
finally  have  a  Tubular,  so  get 
It  now.  Ask  For  Free  Trial. 


30 


Other  sep¬ 
arators  ta¬ 
ken  i  n  ex¬ 
change. 

Write  for 
catalog  153 


THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO., 

WEST  CHESTER,  PA. 

Chicago,  II!.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Portland, Ora. 
Toronto,  Can,  Winnipeg,  Can. 


...FOSTER  STEEL... 

STANCHIONS 

Increase  Your  Dairy  Profit 

Makes  cows  comfortable.  Save  time 
in  stabling  and  cleaning.  Easy  to 
operate;  cow  proof;  sanitary; 
strong,  and  durable. 

1  Trite  for  our  prices  anrl  illus¬ 
trated  catalog  before  buying. 
FOSTER  STEEL  STANCHION  t’O. 
UOO  Insurance  HI  lie.,  Rochester,  N.  V. 


ROBERTSON'S  C1IAI  N 
HAN  Cl N G  STANCIUO X S 

“l  have  used  them  for  moro 
than  TWENTY  YEARS,  and  they 
have  given  the  very  best  of  satis¬ 
faction  in  every  way,”  writes 
Justus  II.  Cooley,  M. I).,  Plainfield 
Sanitarium,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

Thirty  days’  trial  on  application 
O.  II.  ROBERTSON 
Wash.  St.,  Forestvlllc,  Conn. 


EXCELSIOR  SWING  STANCHION 

Warranted  The  Best.  30  Days’  Trial 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  when  open 
Noiseless  Simple  Sanitary  Durable 

The  Wasson  Stanchion  Co., 
Box  60,  Cuba,  N.  Y. 


rDI  |MQ>C  IMPROVED 
UKUmDO  WARRINER 

STANCHION 


Henry  H.  Albertson,  Burl¬ 
ington,  N.  J.,  writes:  “My 
new  Stanchions  add  greatly 
to  the  comfort  of  my  cows.’’ 

WHY  TORTURE 

yours  with  rigid  stanchions? 

Send  for  specifications 
of  inexpensive  yet  sani¬ 
tary  cow  stable  to 

Wallace  b.  crumb,  boxmb,  Forcstviiic,  conn. 


D  O  Gr  S 


PM  |  |C  Pll  DC -From  imported  stock.  Females 

UULLIL  rUlOcheap.  Nelson  Bros.  Grove  City,  Pa. 


COR  SALE— Full-blooded  Great  Dane  Dog;  RexGloria 
1  strain  registered  stock  for  several  generations; 
21  months  old;  brindle  color;  perfectly  sound,  well 
developed:  fond  of  children;  no  vicious  habits. 

L.  N.  DENNISTON,  39  South  Main  St.,  West  Hartford,  Conn. 


S  DEI  EEI3 


HlfiHT  AND  FARM0ffers  some  choice 

IllUllLrillD  I  hlvlu  Shropshires — yearlings 
and  lambs  of  either  sex.  Bred  for  type  and 
quality.  W.  F.  BLACK,  HALL,  N.  Y. 


RAMS  FOR  Q  A  I  F— Registered  Shropshire 

IY.tt.lT10  rYJIY  OttLiLi  yearlings,and  two-year- 
olds.  Also,  one  four-year-old  Hamner  Ram  and 
some  nice  Ram  Lambs.  E.  E.  Stevens  8  Son, Wilson,  N.Y. 


Qhrnnehirn  Rame  Some  good  ones  at  right  prices. 
Olll  UfJollll  C  tldlHo  Flock  contains  English  blood 
from  Cooper,  Thorn,  and  Buttar;  is  well  covered 
and  tight  wooled.  TRAVER  FARM,  Wynantskill,  N.  Y. 


HAMPSHIRE  DOWNS  Kiffi 

ling  Ewes  and  Ewe  Lambs  for  sale;  from  fine  im¬ 
ported  Ram.  All  registered.  Write  your  wants. 
Prices  right.  W.  -H.  Crawford,  R.F.D.  No.  10,  Mercer,  Pa. 


REGISTERED  SHROPSHIRE  RAMS  STAffil 

Yeoman.  FIIED.  VAN  FLEET,  Lodi,  N.  Y. 


Snowcroft  Hampshire  Downs 

150  Rams  and  Ewes  from  best  English  Foundation 
stock.  All  shipments  guaranteed  as  described. 

DR.  S.  F.  SNOW.  713  University  Block,  SYRACUSE.  N.  Y. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


Breed  Up— Not  Dowrnrc.ri,S'£ 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  K.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


On  account  of  poor  health  I  will  sell  my  entire  herd  of 
registered  Ayrshires,  consisting  of  one  2  year  old  bull, 
one  bull  calf,  live  months  old,  nine  cows  from  3  to  8  year 
oid.  good  ones,  and  three  heifers.  Price  right  to  a  quick 
buyer.  J.  A.  DOKEMUS,  Gladstone,  N.  J. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


Learn 

about  the 

Guernsey 

Cow 


The  Most  Economical  Production  of  the 
Iligrliest  Class  of  Dairy  Products,  excell¬ 
ing  in  Natural  Color  and  Good  Flavor. 

("The  Pan  American  Dairy  Breed  Test, 
wtvvtc  '-The  Iowa  Dairy  Cow  Contest, 

YVOiN  ^  inpartial  Experiment  Station  Trials. 

The  Guernsey  was  the  First  Breed  to  establish 
an  Advanced  Register  on  basis  of  Yetirs 
Records  with  Public  Supervision. 


An  average  of  over  1200  official  years  records  show  : 

8070  lbs.  Milk  410  lbs.  Butter  Fat 

(Equivalent  to  460  lbs.  butter) 

AVERAGE  PER  CENT.  BUTTER  FAT  5.08 


Full  information  regarding  the  breed  by  writing 

The  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club 

Box  R.  PETERBOItO,  N.  H. 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLSTEI  N-FRI  ESI  AN  ASSN  OF  AMERICA 
F.L.  HOUGHTON.  SECY,  BOX  1Q5.BRATTLEBORO,  VT. 

FOP  C  A  I  p— Pure  -  bred  male  GUERNSEY 
*  OttL,!-,  CALF,  Fox  and  Babbit  Hounds. 
Melvin  Thomas,  R.F.D.,  Wayville,  Sara.  Co,,  N.  Y. 


DE  K0L  BURKE  BLOOD. 

Will  sell  ONTARIO  COUNT  DE  KOL,  Holstein 
Bull,  half  white,  born  April  25th,  by  America  Do 
Koi  Burke,  out  of  Bettina  Do  Kol.  Bargain  at  $75, 
f.  o.  b.  CLOVEKDALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 


OAKLAND  FARM  HOLSTEINS 

FINE  INDIVIDUALS— LARGE  PRODUCERS 

Choice  YOUNG  BULLS  For  Sale 

Write,  stating  just  what  you  want. 

T.  A.  MITCHELL,  -:-  Weedsport,  N.  Y. 


REG.  HOLSTEIN  MALE  CALVES 

I  Closely  related  to  champions  of  tlio  world  | 
at  farmers’  prices.  Fine  individuals,  nicely 
marked.  Fifty  per  cent  below  value. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Write  today.  | 

F.  H.  RIVENBURGH,  HILLHURST  FARM,  MUNNSVILLE,  N.  Y. 

MSi  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  huge  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somerville  N.  J. 


AT  LAUREL  FARM 

wo  have  on  hand  some  half-dozen  sons  of  Ferns’ 
Jubilee,  73852,  A.  J.  C.  C.,  front  ten  months  down 
to  a  few  days  old.  All  out  of  good  cows.  Discount 
price  for  next  thirty  days. 

J.  GRANT  MOltSK,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 


ROCHROANE JERSEY  HERD 

FOR  SALE:  YOUNG  SERVICE  BULL 

Born  June  27,  1910.  Solid  Color. 

Sire:  Fontaine’s  Chief — P.  S.  4153  H.  C. 
Dam:  Fontaine’s  Fairy  —  Imp.  241319 
PRICE,  $250  (F.O.  B.  Irvington,  N.  Y.) 

M.  A.  TRAVIS  (Supt.  for  M.  S.  Beltzhoover) 
Irvington,  New  York. 

Milk  PrndiTf'PPV  t,,r  New  York  City  market 
lUUn  riUUUCCIN  desiring  information  how  to 
form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville.  N.  Y. 


(dutch  belted  cattle] 

CHAS.  STEWART  DAVISON  l 
60  Wall  St.,  New  York  City 

-^-V-TT  T  T  T  V  *T  T  ▼  ~T"  V  T  T  ▼  ▼  Y  T-  ~^r~  T"  ^ 


SWI3NTE 


Large  Berkshires  at  Highwood 

Regular  Fall  offering  of  Service  Boars  and 
of  young  Pigs  in  pairs  and  trios,  not  akin. 

H.  C.  &  H.  B.  Harpending;,  Dundee,  N.  Y. 

/"\hio  Improved  Chesters — Choice  Boars  for 
Fall  service  at  bargain  prices.  Pigs  not  akin. 

CROSSROAD  FARM,  Plattshurg,  N.  Y. 


UnLOniilLO  and  Sows.  Orders  taken  for  Pigs  of 
September  farrow.  G.  K.  Smith.  Castile,  N  .Y. 


OHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNES,  Oxford.  N.  Y. 


nilpnnC  THE  BIG,  DEEP  FELLOWS 

uunuuo  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 

CHESTER  WHITES — A  few  Choice  Registered  BOARS 
for  sale.  EUGENE  T.  BLACK,  Scio,  N.  Y. 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES."  K'.JS 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watsons  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Piuprietor,  Marhledale,  Conn. 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICKS  ,  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


9.51 


SILO  FILLING  TIME. 

That  busy,  rushing  silo  filling  time  is 
here;  get  good  and  ready  now.  In  silo 
filling  it  is  important  that  one  has  good 
suitable  equipments  for  the  work,  and 
everything  so  arranged  that  little  time  will 
be  consumed  by  breakdown  and  from  using 
unsuitable  tools.  Look  to  the  wagons  and 
wagon  tops.  Low-down  wagons  are  pretty 
good,  even  fiat-top  racks  on  high  wagons 
are  very  good.  Be  sure  there  are  no  holes  to 
step  through.  The  very  best  wagon  outfit 
I  have  ever  seen  is  to  make  a  low-down 
rack  on  a  high-wheel  wagon.  The  picture, 
Fig.  375  shows  such  a  wagon  rack.  The 
rack  is  built  by  using  two  4  x  G  inch  tim¬ 
ber,  each  14  feet  long.  These  timbers  are 
hung  under  the  axles  of  a  high-wheeled 
wagon  and  rigged  as  follows :  Under  the 
rear  axle,  the  two  timbers  are  spread  out 
to  about  the  width  of  the  bolster  and  are 
held  up  to  the  axle  by  long  bolts  that 
hook  over  the  top  of  the  bolster.  The 
forward  ends  are  spread  about  two  feet 
and  a  block  bolted  between  them.  A  long 
l.ing  bolt  is  passed  up  through  this  for- 
waid  block  and  up  through  the  axle  and 
bolster  and  secured  in  place  by  a  heavy  nut 
and  washer.  When  tucse  bed  timbers  ara 
in  place  a  floor  of  two-inch  plank  is 
nailed  down  on  top  of  them  between  the 
wheels,  which  makes  the  floor  of  the  rack, 
and  it  is  about  knee  high  from  the  ground. 
The  rear  hound  of  the  wagon  ia  fastened  to 
the  floor,  also  a  short  reach,  from  forward 
axle  is  fastened  to  the  front  part  of  the 
rack  bottom.  Stakes  are  set  up  at  the  rear 
end  just  forward  of  the  wheels,  and  this 
end  is  boarded  up  about  3  feet  high.  At 
the  forward  end  a  floor  is  continued  over 
the  front  wagon  gear,  to  make  standing 
room.  Stakes  are  set  up  at  the  front  end, 
but  the  front  end  should  not  be  boarded  up 
for  corn  hauling. 

The  wagon  in  Fig.  375  is  fitted  with  side¬ 
boards  clear  around  the  rack,  and  is  used 
the  year  around  in  hauling  feed,  sawdust 
and  other  things,  and  saves  lots  of  hard 
lifts.  At  the  farm  where  this  rack  is  used 
they  have  one  of  these  racks  for  each  wagon 


tramping  or  work  in  their  silos,  and  yet 
they  make  perfect  silage.  In  filling  a  silo 
without  any  tramping  it  is  important  to 
have  the  silage  drop  in  the  center  of  the 
silo  all  the  time.  It  can  be  made  to  do  so 
by  hanging  a  board  in  front  of  the  blower 
pipe,  so  that  it  makes  the  corn  drop  in  the 
center  of  the  silo.  Even  if  you  believe  it 
necessary  to  tramp  in  your  silo  this  Fall, 
do  not  go  to  the  hard  work  of  pitching  the 
corn  out  to  the  outside  ;  let  it  pile  up  in  the 
middle  and  roll  out.  You  will  get  a  better 
job  and  do  it  easier;  better  stay  out  in  the 
field  and  help  get  the  corn  to  the  silo.  To 
make  a  good  stack,  one  must  keep  the  cen¬ 
ter  highest;  the  same  applies  to  silo  filling. 
If  you  keep  the  middle  high,  in  settling  the 
silage  crowds  out  to  the  walls,  while  if  you 
keep  the  silage  high  next  to  the  walls  and 
tramp  it  hard,  the  middle  sinks  down  and 
pulls  away  from  the  silo  walls,  and  many 
times  causes  lots  of  mouldy  silage.  This 
mouldy  silage  is  nearly  always  laid  to  the 
fault  of  the  silo,  or  something  other  than 
the  real  cause.  It  is  almost  always  the 
fault  of  the  filling  and  using  in  a  wrong 
way.  When  the  silo  is  nearly  full  it  will 
be  necessary  to  have  a  man  at  the  top  of 
the  blower  to  keep  it  from  clogging. 

After  the  silo  is  full  it  will  save  quite  a 
lot  of  spoiled  silage  if  one  will  put  oju.  a 
good  quantity  of  water  and  then  thoroughly 
tramp  the  whole  top  surface  each  day  for 
a  week  or  so.  after  the  silo  is  filled.  What¬ 
ever  kind  of  a  silo  you  have,  keep  it  in  a 
good  state  of  repair,  and  keep  it  clean. 
Good  silage  can  be  made  in  most  any  kind 
of  a  tight  structure.  In  building  a  silo, 
build  it  high,  not  less  than  35  feet.  Keep 
the  diameter  down  to  a  size  that  fits  your 
herd,  so  that  about  two  inches  of  silage  a 
day  will  be  taken  off  the  top,  and  you 
will  not  have  any  mouldy  silage.  I  have 
found  that  feeding  too  slow  was  almost  the 
whole  cause  of  poor,  mouldy  silage,  and  that 
the  feeder  was  generally  to  blame  for  this 
sort  of  trouble,  and  scarcely  ever  the  silo. 
This  trouble  is  generally  blamed  on  the 
silo.  I  have  seen  excellent  silage  in  a 
mighty  poor  sort  of  a  silo,  and  then  I  have 
seen  very  badly  rotted  silage  taken  from  an 
excellent  silo.  The  first  result  was  gained 
by  proper  sort  of  work  at  filling  time,  and 
then  by  feeding  properly  from  the  silo 
later.  The  latter  result  is  almost  always 


CART  FOR  SILAGE  CORN.  Fig.  375. 


at  silo-filling  time,  and  find  them  great 
labor  savers,  and  the  wagons  being  high- 
wheeled  they  can  draw  loads  that  average 
more  than  a  ton  and  a  half.  These  corn 
racks  were  built  from  measurements  and 
descriptions  given  in  King's  “Physics  of 
Agriculture.”  Such  a  wagon  should  be 
loaded  with  the  corn  butts,  all  one  way, 
and  then  to  unload,  drive  up  to  the  silage 
cutter  at  the  end  of  the  feeding  table,  and 
the  bundles  can  be  readily  pulled  off  until 
the  self-feed  table  of  the  cutter  gets  them 
and  then  the  work  is  over. 

The  silage  cutter  should  be  of  the  kind 
where  the  knives  are  bolted  on  the  same 
wheel  that  blows  the  corn  up  into  the  silo. 
To  do  fast  work  it  should  be  of  large 
capacity,  about  18-inch  throat  and  self¬ 
feed  table,  and  then  bundles  go  through 
whole  or  double,  and  the  work  ol*  feeding 
is  greatly  reduced.  A  gasoline  engine  is  the 
most  economical  power,  unless  one  can  have 
electric  power.  It  will  take  a  15  horse¬ 
power  engine  to  do  fast  steady  work  with  a 
large  silage  cutter.  However.  I  have  met 
with  many  cases  where  people  used  small 
engines  and  cutters,  and  got  along  very 
well.  On  the  farm  where  the  picture  of 
the  corn  rack  was  made  they  succeed  year 
after  year  in  putting,  their  silage  in  the 
silos  at  a  cost  below  50  cents  per  ton. 

They  grow  Eureka  Ensilage  corn  and  get 
a  yield  of  from  15  to  25  tons  per  acre. 
T/fist  year  they  filled  two  20x40  feet  silos 
with  34  acres  of  corn.  They  have  34  acres 
this  year  and  it  is  doubtful  IT  the  two  silos 
will  hold  it  all.  T  found  stalks  in  the  field 
several  days  ago  that  were  13  feet  long, 
and  no  sign  of  a  tassel  yet.  Such  corn 
makes  great  filling  for  a  silo.  In  silo  filling 
they  use  a  corn  binder  to  cut  this  big  corn. 
The  binder  table  is  extended  out  about  four 
feet  with  some  slats  over  which  a  sheet  of 
iron  is  nailed,  and  this  extended  table  helps 
the  machine  to  care  for  corn  bundles  that 
usually  average  1G  feet  long.  They  use  a 
heavy  two-horse  team  on  the  binder,  but 
do  not  need  to  cut  all  day  to  keep  the 
machinery  going.  Two  men  generally  stay 
in  the  lot  and  put  the  corn  on  the  wagons, 
and  with  these  low-down  racks  this  work  is 
not  difficult.  Three  teams  are  generally 
used  for  hauling.  The  teamster  stays  on 
(he  wagon  and  loads  the  corn  straight  and 
even,  and  unloads  his  load  at  the  ma¬ 
chine.  A  silage  cutter  is  used  that  simply 
cats  the  corn  up.  A  20  horse-power  gaso¬ 
line  traction  engine  has  been  used  for  sev¬ 
eral  ■  years,  and  before  that  a  15  horse¬ 
power  gasoline  engine.  One  man  tends  the 
engine  and  silage  cutter  and  does  all  the 
feeding.  This  man  also  tends  to  putting  in 
the  silo  doors,  as  a  usual  thing,  and  does  all 
the  work  that  is  done  in  the  silo,  'fhat  is. 
he  does  all  the  spreading  and  tramping  that 
is  done  in  the  silo,  and  that  is  not  much. 
Two  or  three  times  a  day  they  level  the 
corn  down  and  look  to  the  way  it  is  drop¬ 
ping  in  the  silo,  and  that  is  the  extent  of 
the  work  that  is  done  in  the  silo. 

The  silos  at  this  farm  have  been  filled 
year  after  year  without  any  tramping,  and 
one  will  never  find  better  quality  of  silage 
than  is  found  in  these  silos.  So  what  good 
is  all  that  time  spent  each  Fall,  tramping 
the  silos  of  the  country?  I  have  known  a 
great  many  silo  users  who  do  not  do  anv 


traced  to  a  poor  job  at  filling  time,  and 
then  worse  work  at  feeding  time.  In  feed¬ 
ing,  keep  ahead  of  the  mould,  even  if  you 
have  to  throw  part  of  the  silage  out  in  the 
yard. 

The  first  cost  of  such  silos  is  about  the 
same  as  the  full  cost  of  erecting  a  silo  of 
same  size  of  the  manufactured  stave  silo 
type.  Some  of  the  silos  in  this  section 
have  been  erected  for  a  less  cost  than 
stave  silos  in  the  same  locality.  They  are 
permanent  and  do  not  need  constant  atten¬ 
tion  and  repairs.  Have  a  good  silo,  raise 
corn  that  yields  20  tons  per  acre  or  more ; 
raise  ton?,  not  acres.  Care  for  a  small 
piece  of  corn  well  and  double  the  crop. 
Have  a  good  silo  well  filled  every  year,  and 
save  at  least  one-third  your  feeding  cost,  as 
compared  with  dry  fodders  and  pasture  and 
expensive  grains.  Add  Alfalfa  to  the  silage 
and  cut  out  most  of  the  grain,  and  have 
better  kept  and  better  paying  cows  than  by 
the  old  time  ways.  it.  c.  angevine. 

Michigan. 


Tile  Your  Farm  With  a 


Cyclone  Ditching  Machine 

AVE  its  coil  in  ten  days’  operation. 
This  is  a  big  claim ;  make  us  prove  it 
before  you  settle  for  the  machine. 

We  guarantee  300  rods  of  ditch  per  day 
with  six  horses. 


One  customer  writes :  "  Saved 
its  cost  in  a  few  days;”  another, 

“Saved  $45  to  $60  per  day;” 
another,  “Saved  $100  in  four 
days;”  another,  "Saved  $200  in 
tiling  12  acres.” 

It  will  do  the  same  for  you.  Don’t  delay _ 

don’t  wait  for  contractors — do  your  own  tiling. 

W rite  today  for  catalog 

The  Jeschke  Manufacturing  Co. 
Box  113,  Bellevue,  Ohio 


Story  of  a  Shingle  Nail 


Thirty  years  ago  a  shingle  nail  —  one  of  the 
M.  I.  F.  Co.  brand  —  was  driven  through  a  shingle  that 
roofed  a  house  located  near  the  seashore.  When  the  shingle 
was  finally  removed  on  account  of  old  age  the  nail  was  found 
in  a  perfect  state  of  preservation  —  free  from  rust  —  as  sturdy 
and  strong  as  the  day  it  was  hammered  in. 

That  is  the  sort  of  test  that  proves  nail  quality. 


M  I  F  CO¬ 

ZINC  COATED  NAILS 


are  cut  from  refined  iron  and  heavily  coated  with  pure  zinc  —  not  “  galvan¬ 
ized  ’’  or  washed  with  lead,  but  thickly  COATED  with  zinc  which 
protects  them  from  rust. 


From  ten  to  twelve  pounds  of  pure 
zinc  is  used  in  the  manufacture  of 
each  hundredweight  of  M.  I.  F.  Co. 
zinc  coated  Nails. 


They  cannot  rust. 

They  are  the  very  best  nails  for 
clapboarding,  shingling,  veranda 
flooring  and  all  exposed  woodwork. 


If  your  hardware  store  isn’t  supplied,  write  us  for  Jjour  nearest  dealer’s  name  and 
our  interesting  book,  “  N ail  Knowledge.  ”  It  will  be  sent  free. 

Dept.  J,  Branford,  Conn. 


Malleable  Iron  Fittings  Co. 


-Blatchford’s  Sugar  and  Flaxseeds 

Rich  in  the  three  elements  essential  to  profitable  feeding,  viz:  Oil,  Sugar  and 
Albumenous  Compounds. 

The  best  food  in  the  world  to  use  after  your  calves  are  old  enough  not  to  need 

BLATCHFORD’S  CALF  MEAL. 

The  sugar  is  not  obtained  from  molasses  but  from  the  choicest  of  selected 
Locust  Beans.  There  is  not  a  drop  of  molasses  in  Blatchford’s  Sugar  and  Flaxseed. 

Many  times  richer  than  Oilmeal.  Gives  the  animals  the  advantage  of  a  mixed  supplemental  food. 

Endorsed  by  some  of  the  largest  exhibitors  of  stock  at  fairs  and  fat  stock  shows  as  unequaled  for  "topping 
— '-  You  should  investigate.  Get  full  particulars  from  your  dealer  or  address 


off”  stock. 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory 


(Established  1800)  Waukegan,  Illinois 


Buy  Roofing  Now 
At  Big  Cash  Savings 

Greatest  values  ever  offered.  Prove  it. 
Samples  of  rubber  and  Hint-coated  Unito 
Roofing  and  book  free.  Test  and  compare 
■with  others.  We  sell  direct  from  our  im¬ 
mense  factories— no  middlemen.  We  {jive 
you  Higher  Quality  and  Lower  Prices 
than  anyone  else.  Write  now  for  money- 
saving  oilers  on  all  styles  of 

UNITO 


ROLL 

108  Sq.Fh 


Roofing  and  Siding  from  80c  lip, 
per  roll.  No  money  down.  Pay 
only  if  satisfied.  Thousands 

dealing  with  us.  We  save  them  money. 
^Why  not  you  ?Write  for  big  combination 
^catalog,  Roofer’s  Guide, Sample?*  and 
Prices.  I'nlted  Factories  Co. 
Dept.  31 -A  Cleveland,  0. 


SAVE  HALF  THE  LABOR 


in  sawing  wood.  You  can  do 
this  and  at  the  same  time, 
cut  more  wood  in  a  given 
time  than  in  any  other  way 
l>y  using 


Table  is  mounted  on  grooved  rolls,  moves 
easily — cut  of  saw  is  down  instead  of 
against  the  operator  ns  in  old  style  ma¬ 
chines.  Must  be  seen  to  be  appreciated,  we  also 
manufacture  Drag  Saws.  Saw  and  Shingle  Mills. 
Get  our  prices  on  Canvas  Belting;  they  will  surprise  you. 
Send  for  prices  and  full  information.  ‘‘Ask  about  Hoists.  ' 

Ireland  Machine  8  Foundry  Co. ,14  State  St., Norwich, N.Y. 


/  MILK  COOLERS 


COPPER  REMOVABLE  TUBES 

An  accident  means  a  new  part, 
not  a  new  machine.  Easy  to 
thoroughly  clean. 

Cools  Lower  Than  Any  Other 

Durable  Efficient  Sanitary 
WISNKK  MFG.  CO. 
,.230  Greenwich  St„  New  York 


EAST  RIVER 
GRADE  HOLSTEINS 

215— For  Sale— 215 

30  large  handsome  cows,  just  fresli. 

75  cows  tine  in  Sept,  and  Oct.  that  have  records  of 
9,01)0  to  11,000  lbs.  of  milk  last  year. 

90  yearlings  and  two-year  heifers,  extra  nice. 

.JOHN  H.  WEBSTER, 

Bell  Phone  568  F12,  Dept.  R,  HORTLANO,  N.  Y. 

“Q  U  ALI  T  Y” 

FOR  SALE— THREE  HIGH  BRED  YOUNG  JERSEY  BULLS,  ALL 
OUT  OF  REGISTER  OF  MERIT  COWS 

I>am  of  No.  1,  8128.3  lbs.  milk  in  280  days, 

_  testing  527  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 

Lam  of  No.  2,  11205.3  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

_  . testing  701  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 

Dam  of  No.  3,  12840.6  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

testing  803  lbs.  8  oz.  butter 
Wo  also  have  a  nice  bunch  of  bred  lieffers  due  to  calve 
tins  Fall  and  early  Winter.  Write  for  description 
ami  prices,  or  better  yet  come  and  see  them,  vi-itors 
always  welcome.  E.W.  Mosher,"Briu!itside,'’  Aurora,  N.Y. 

FLORHAM  GUERNSEYS.... 

Several  Yearling  Hulls  for  sale  at  very  moderate 
prices.  Pedigrees  and  photographs  furnished. 

J.  L,  HOPE  Madison,  New  Jersey 

SHROPSHIRE- A  *’ew  choicely  bred  from 
OL11YUI  imported  stork.  Great  bar- 

gain  if  taken  soon-  £,  W.  WILCOX,  Crosby,  Pa. 

FASHIONABLY  BRED  BERKSHIRE^ 

A  few  Spring  and  Summer  PIGS  for  sale  at  rea¬ 
sonable  prices.  Dr.  J.  K.  ALLKN,  Orwell,  X.  Y. 

TflO  LEGHORNS— Annual  Sale  of  Tlior- 

■  W.oughbred  Yearlings  and  Two-Year- Olds. 
F.  B.  Dilts,  Maple  Spring  Farm,  Flemington,  N.  J. 

INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS 


$1.00  each.  Will  exchange  for  S,  O.  White 
Leghorn  or  Black  Orpington  Fullets, 

CHAS.  PORTER  OLCOTT,  N.Y. 

FOR  SAI  F-i’OUNG  TOULON  GEESE,  ex- 

1  vlv  tra  fine.  $4.00  per  pair.  J.  B. 

NEWMAN,  Box  38,  Bladc-nsburg,  Maryland. 


FOR  SALE 


IN  WEST  PEABODY,  MASS. 


gine,  boiler,  and  up-to-date  hydraulic  press,  and  all 
appliances  in  good  condition ;  capacity  100  to  150  bar¬ 
rels  per  day;  or  will  sell  machinery  separate.  No 
reasonable  offer  refused.  Southwiox  &  Hackktt. 


PAYS  FOR  ITSELF  EVERY  THIRTY  DAYS 


Without  a  doubt  Clark’s  Double  Action  “Cutaway”  Harrow  with  Jointed  Pole 
is  a  most  wonderful  farm  tool.  It  cuts  the  soil  twice,  throwing  it  in  opposite 
directions,  Ailing  in  the  hollows,  thus  leveling  the  Land  All  Single  Action 
Harrows  have  to  be  Driven  in  Half  Lap. 

It  is  drawn  by  two  medium  horses.  It  call  be  set 
to  move  the  earth  but  little,  or  at  so  great  an 
angle  as  to  move- the  earth  eight  or  nine  inches. 

Runs  truein  line  of  draft.  A  customer 
wrote  recently  that  his  “Cutaway” 
pays  for  itself  every  thirty  days  in 
‘labor  saved. 

The  Jointed  Pole  takes  alt  weight  off  the  horses’  necks, 
and  keeps  their  heels  away  from  the  disks. 

We  make  a  “Cutaway”  for  every  crop.  Every  need  is 
fully  supplied  by  the  different  styles  of  genuine  “Cut. 
away”  Tools.  Tf  your  dealer" won’t  supply  you,  we  will. 

Write  us.  “Intensive  Cultivation,”  our  new  booklet, 
is  free.  Send  a  postal  to-day. 

CUTAWAY  HARROW  CO.,  839  Main  Street;  HIGGANUM,  CONN. 


CUTS 

THE50IL 

ItTWlCEfi 


862 


THE)  RURAt  NEW-YORKER 


September 


The  Henyard. 


In  the  Dog  Days. 

In  these  hot.  lazy  days  the  hen  man  is 
resting.  He  is  sleeping,  but,  I  hope,  with 
one  eye  open  to  the  future  and  his  ear 
cocked  for  “coons”  since  chickens  are  fryin’ 
size.  After  his  confining  cares  of  Spring 
and  early  Summer,  sleep  will  do  him  good. 
Don’t  let  him  rest  too  long,  however.  Soon 
the  laying  season  will  be  on,  and  in  the 
rush,  those  odd  jobs  he  was  laying  by  for 
a  slack  time  will  have  to  go  over  again. 
It  is  so  easy  to  let  these  lazy  days  slip 
by  without  doing  much  ;  one  almost 
grudges  the  time  it  takes  to  feed  and  water 
the  biddies.  I5ut  in  a  few  weeks  he  will 
wake  up  with  houses  to  clean,  pullets  ready 
to  lay,  old  hens  to  be  gotten  rid  of,  and 
the  rush  of  Fall  farm  work  on  him.  If 
doing  nothing  else  between  naps,  he  ought 
to  be  at  least  planning  his  Fall  campaign 
for  eggs.  And  if  he  stops  to  think  for  a 
moment,  this  was  the  time  the  drain  in 
front  of  his  long  henhouse  was  to  be  dug — 
three  feet  deep  to  be  filled  in  one  foot  with 
coarse  stone,  the  balance  with  finer  stuff, 
lie  will  remember  it  again  when  after  the 
first  quick  thaw  of  Winter  the  litter  gets 
damp  and  his  hens  get  the  “snuffles.”  And 
while  he  is  digging  why  not  dig  a  little 
farther  and  run  a  line  of  pipe  from  the 
house  cistern  to  the  henhouse?  Have  water 
on  tap  all  the  time  instead  of  breaking 
your  back  lugging  it  out  in  pails  twice  a 
day,  all  the  year  round.  A  few  rods  of 
pipe  will  do  the  trick,  and  he  needn’t  lie 
much  of  a  plumber  to  own  a  Stillson  wrench 
and  put  a  few  pipe  joints  together. 

And  the  other  henhouse  that  he  was 
going  to  roof  with  fresh  paper— it  will 
take  only  a  couple  of  these  warm,  dry 
days  to  do  it.  He  will  remember  it  when 
the  Fall  rains  come  dripping  through  and 
lie  is  warming  his  fingers  and  the  sealing 
tar  after  a  sharp  frost.  And  again,  if  he 
tar  after  a  sharp  frost.  And  again, 
if  he  doesn’t  attend  to  them,  in  a 
few  weeks  he  will  be  wondering  why 
his  hens  don’t  begin  to  lay.  And 
their  answer,  as  shown  by  their  poor  con¬ 
dition  and  lack  of  life,  will  tie,  “Bo,  the 
mites  are  upon  us  !”  For  hot.  sultry  days 
are  days  of  glory  for  the  little  red  mites. 
Go  after  them,  hen  man.  while  they  are 
lively  and  you  can  get  at  them,  with  the 
sunlight  to  help.  Get  your  spray  pump 
and  whitewash  brush.  Clean  house  and 
do  it  well.  Mix  kerosene  and  crude  carbolic 
acid,  half  and  half,  or  if  you  choose  use 
some  prepared  stuff,  and  soak  it  into  every 
crack  and  corner.  And  all  the  odd  coops 
and  uncleaned  brooders  you  have  left  lying 
about,  bring  them  in.  Clean  them  out.  dis¬ 
infect  them,  and  pile  them  up  neatly  under 
the  best  shelter  you  have  to  spare.  You  will 
want  them  in  a  hurry  when  the  hatching 
season  comes,  and  you  will  want  them  clean 
and  sweet.  Empty  out  the  water  in  the 
brooder  tanks  while  you  are  about  it : 
freezing  and  the  tinner’s  bill  won't  swell 
the  profits.  You  will  be  glad  you  did  it— 
next  Spring.  r.  n. 


Iron  Roof  for  Henhous?. 

I  have  been  thinking  of  putting  a  corru¬ 
gated  iron  roof  on  open-front  chicken  house, 
using  no  boards,  but  tacking  roofing  direct 
to  strips  or  rafters.  Will  this  be  too  cold 
in  Winter  and  too  hot  in  Summer?  If  so, 
can  I  remedy  it  economically?  The  labor 
of  applying  and  cost  of  material  will  be 
less  than  tar  paper  and  boards.  Has  any 
one  tried  this  metal  roofing  on  chicken 
houses?  c.  M. 

New  Jersey. 

ft.  N.-Y. — This  is  printed  to  call  out  a 
discussion.  Can  anyone  give  us  experi¬ 
ence? 


Cover  Crop  for  Henyard. 

What  is  tlie  best  seed  to  sow  in  my  hen 
runs  this  Fall?  I  want  something  which 
will  grow  quickly  and  luxuriantly  and  be 
hard  to  run  out.  I  intend  to  plant  some¬ 
thing  this  Fall,  so  that  my  liens  can  have 
plenty  of  green  food  when  I  turn  them  out 
in  the  Spring.  a.  n.  l. 

Conecticut. 

Rve  is  the  surest  to  grow  and  hardest  to 
kill  out,  after  it  Is  well  started,  of  any¬ 
thing  I  know.  It  can  be  fed  down  to  the 
ground ;  then,  if  the  hens  are  kept  off  for 
a  while,  it  will  start  up  again  as  vigorous 
as  ever.  If  it  was  in  Spring  I  should  sow 
a  mixture  of  rye,  oats  and  barley;  also 
wheat,  if  I  had  it.  oeo.  a.  cosgrove. 


Labor  in  Caring  for  Poultry. 

Mr.  Mapes’s  very  instructive  article  on 
page  873  filled  me  with  delight.  I  was 
much  pleased  to  find  out  more  of  his  meth¬ 
ods  of  feeding  and  taking  care  of  those  200 
hens  in  five  minutes  a  day.  When  one 
reads  more  of  Mr.  Mapes’s  articles  it  be¬ 
comes  clear  that  his  great  bulwark  of 
success  is  hired  help.  That  may  work  very 
nicely  where  one  has  enough  hens  to  play 
superintendent  to  a  large  poultry  plant, 
and  watch  somebody  else  do  the  work,  but 
very  few  in  proportion  to  the  number  of 
people  who  keep  poultry  are  thus  situated. 
For  every  one  who  thus  depends  on  hired 
help  to  clean  out  his  poultry  houses,  draw 
his  feed,  and  do  the  rest  of  his  “harder 
labor,”  there  are  hundreds,  yes,  thousands, 
who  keep  a  flock  of  poultry  varying  in 
size  from  a  dozen  or  less  to  two  or  three 
hundred  and  depend  upon  their  own  two 
hands  for  all  the  care  they  get.  “harder 
labor”  and  all.  Since  this  class  of  poultry 
keepers  is  vastly  in  the  majority,  they  are 
the  ones  who  benefit  most  largely  from 
what  practical  information  they  can  absorb 
from  the  articles  of  Mr.  Mapes  and  others 


who  write  regarding  their  methods  of  feed¬ 
ing  and  caring  for  poultry. 

One  thing  that  greatly  interested  me  was 
the  very  effective  way  Mr.  Mapes  disposes 
of  tlie  lice  question.  We  fight  lice  by 
spraying  the  nests  and  roosts  with  kerosene 
oil.  This  thins  them  out  for  a  time,  but 
with  this  system,  truly  “Eternal  vigilance 
is  tlie  price  of  liberty”  from  lice.  Now 
if  I  could  only  get  hold  of  some  of  Mr. 
Mapes’s  lien-lice  wax.  and  not  have  to  look 
for  lice  only  once  a  year — O.  the  anticipa¬ 
tion  of  such  a  condition  is  too  heavenly 
for  words ! 

Another  thing  I  would  like  to  have  Mr. 
Mapes  tell  us.  is  how  does  he  handle  his 
poultry  droppings  to  get  the  maximum  profit 
out  of  them?  Are  they  stored  or  applied 
fresh?  To  what  crops  and  in  what  quanti¬ 
ties  per  acre?  Mixed  with  other  manure  or 
clear?  This  is  one  thing  that  often  puz¬ 
zles  the  small  poultry  keeper.  In  many 
cases  there  is  more  waste  of  plant  food 
from  the  poultry  droppings  than  from  any 
other  source  of  the  farm. 

Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y.  c.  c.  clement. 

R.  N.-Y. — In  former  years  Mr.  Mapes 
sold  the  pure  hen  droppings  to  a  tannery. 

Raising  Guinea  Pigs. 

My  neighbor  keeps  a  lot  of  guinea  pigs 
and  sells  them  to  laboratories  for  experi¬ 
ment  purposes,  so  he  says;  says  there  is 
good  profit  in  raising  them.  I  wrote  to 
the  Government  for  bulletin  on  guineas,  but 
did  not  get  any.  What  do  you  know  about 
them?  Where  can  I  find  out  about  them? 

New  Hampshire.  b.  w.  r. 

In  certain  cases  like  that  you  mention 
guinea  pigs  may  be  found  profitable.  They 
are  usually  kept  as  children’s  pets  and  I 
would  be  slow  to  take  them  up  with  any 
idea  of  much  profit.  They  breed  quite 
rapidly,  having  young  about  every  two 
months  in  litters  of  two  to  six.  They  are 
not  difficult  to  feed,  living  on  grass,  grain, 
such  as  oats,  and  vegetables.  A  small 
pamphlet  on  them  can  be  secured  from 
Edw.  8.  Schmid,  712  12th  street.  N.  W.. 
Washington,  D.  C„  price  25  cents.  The 
best  thing  you  can  do,  however,  is  to  find 
out  all  you  can  from  your  neighbor;  if  he 
is  really  making  them  pay.  he  ought  to  be 
able  to  put  you  on  the  right  road. 

R.  B. 


Crop-bound  Hen. 

T  have  a  choice  Barred  Rock  hen  which 
stretches  her  neck,  acts  ns  if  something 
in  throat,  eats  well :  I  think  breast  looks 
large,  seems  well  other  ways.  I  notice 
it  some  days  more  than  others ;  she  stopped 
laying.  What  is  the  trouble  and  remedy? 

New  York.  J.  B.  H. 

Would  judge  that  the  hen  is  crop  bound, 
the  crop  being  stopped  by  grass  or  feathers 
becoming  twisted  together.  The  bird  will 
continue  eating  for  some  time.  If  it  is 
not  too  late,  give  her  a  teaspoon  of  sweet 
oil  and  “work”  the  crop  with  your  hands. 
You  may  be  able  to  loosen  the  stoppage, 
and  force  the  food  on  through,  or  work 
the  stuff  back  to  and  out  of  the  mouth. 
After  emptying  the  crop,  do  not  feed  for  30 
hours,  letting  her  drink  a  little  water  con¬ 
taining  20  grains  of  bicarbonate  of  soda  to 
the  quart.  Start  feeding  on  bread  soft¬ 
ened  with  milk  or  water.  R.  b. 


Will  Not  Feather. 

I  have  five  chicks  hatched  in  May  and 
they  won’t  feather  at  all.  and  it  is  pretty 
cooi  here  just  now.  T  feed  cracked  corn 
and  wheat  in  litter  and  bran  before  them  all 
the  time,  also  grit  and  charcoal  before 
them  all  the  time.  n.  w.  B. 

Pennsylvania. 

Probably  not  enough  meat  in  their  ra¬ 
tion.  In  place  of  bran,  try  a  mixture  of 
two  parts  by  weight  of  bran,  one  part  beef 
scraps,  one  part  linseed  meal.  Binseed 
meal  is  about  the  most  valuable  feed  for 
forcing  feather  growth  and  giving  birds 
good  plumage.  e.  b. 


An  Engineer’s  Hens. — Poultrymen,  for¬ 
get  the  “per  hen  per  year”  and  get  your 
mind  and  hands  on  the  returns  from  the 
large  flock,  the  largest  your  labor  and 
brains  can  successfully  care  for.  I  am  an 
engineer,  away  from  home  from  (?  a.  m.  to 
0  p.  m.  For  the  past  three  years  I  have 
kept  300  layers,  hatched  and  raised  about 
800  chicks  each  year.  Tlie  only  help  I 
have  had  is  about  one  hour  a  day  for  three 
weeks  with  the  baby  chicks,  and  about 
five  minutes  each  day  by  Mrs.  T.  in  empty¬ 
ing  tlie  pails  of  grain  in  the  litter  at  3.30. 
While  T  have  crosscut  tlie  work  I  am  not 
down  to  Mapes’  time  of  2%  minutes  per 
hundred  birds,  but  I  shall  try  for  it,  as 
my  way  keeps  me  too  busy.  l.  b.  t. 

Somerville,  N.  .T, 

Tope  Powder. — Again  and  again  we  are 
asked  how  to  make  a  good  lice  powder. 
The  following  is  tlie  standard  homemade 
lice  killer:  Mix  three  parts  of  gasoline 
with  one  part  of  crude  carbolic  acid.  90-05 
per  cent,  strength,  or  if  the  latter  cannot 
be  obtained  with  one  part  of  cresol,  and 
adding  gradually,  with  stirring  enough 
plaster  of  paris  to  make  when  the  liquid  is 
uniformly  distributed  through  the  mass  . of 
plaster  a  dry  pinkisli-hrown  powder  having 
a  fairly  strong  carbolic  odor  and  a  rather 
less  pronounced  gasoline  odor.  As  a  gen¬ 
eral  rule,  it  will  take  about  four  quarts 
of  plaster  of  paris  to  one  quart  of  the 
liquid. 

Brahma  Grosses. — Page  848.  R.  B„  in 
answering  A.  .T.  H„  advises  against  the 
crossing  of  Brahma  and  White  Rocks.  Isn’t 
this  cross  the  latest  addition  to  the  “Stand¬ 
ard  of  Perfection.”  “Columbian  Rocks”? 
Are  they  making  good?  If  anv  of  your 
readers  has  had  any  experience.'  will  they 
kindly  advise,  as  we  thought  of  trying 
them?  On  same  page.  Geo.  A.  Cosgrove 
advises  ground  Alfalfa  in  mash  for  chicks. 
We  have  been  advised  against  either  ground 
dried  clover  or  Alfalfa  for  poultry,  claiming 
that  it  contains  too  much  fibre,  which 
creates  indigestion.  s.  F. 

Martinsville.  N.  J. 


On  practically  every  modern  and 
up-to-date  farm  in  the  country  con¬ 
crete  is  the  general  choice  for  silo 
building. 


A  concrete  silo  is  weatherproof, 
fireproof,  ratproof— and  practically  eoer- 
lasting.  The  airtight  construction,  to¬ 
gether,  with  the  perfectly  smooth  in¬ 
terior,  allowing  the  contents  to  settle 
evenly,  insures  perfect  silage.  The 
acids  formed  by  the  natural  fer¬ 
mentation  of  the  silage  which  act 
quickly  on  wood  or  metal-  have  no 
effect  whatever  on  concrete. 

LOACH 

PORTLAND 

CEMENT 

meets  with  the  unhesitating  approval 
of  every  -  ,ian  who  has  investigated 
the  cement  question  thoroughly.  It 
is  undoubtedly  the  strongest,  most 
durableand  most  economical  Portland 
cement  that  has  ever  been  placed  on 
the  market.  It  is  the  best  cement  for 
building  barns,  water  troughs,  corn 
cribs,  fence  posts,  etc.  The  best  dealer 
in  your  town  handles  Lehigh.  Don’t 
forget  the  name — Lehigh—  make  it  a 
particular  point  to  ask  especially  for 
Lehigh  and  be  absolutely  safe.  Book 
for  the  Lehigh  trade-mark. 

A  valuable  book — giving  full,  de¬ 
tailed  directions  for  every  use  of 
concrete  on  the  farm — sent  free  on 
application. 


Lehigh  Portland 
Cement  Company 

11  mills — 11,000,000 
barrels  yearly 
capacity. 

Dept  A 

Allentown,  Pa. 


“MEN  WHO  KNOW” 

USE  THE 


Why  should  YOU  experiment  or 
take  chances  with  anything  else  ? 

THE  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  CO. 

165-167  BROADWAY, 

^^^fJE^YORK. 


29  E.  MADISON  ST., 
CHICAGO. 


Standard  Veterinary  Remedy 
In  Uae  21  Years 


Trade  Mark 
Registered 


HEAVES  CURED 

NEWTON’S  REMEDY  Coughs,  Distempers. 

Safe,  positive  cure  that  is  Guaranteed  tor 
Heaves.  It  gets  at  the  root  of  the  trouble.  A 
scientific  remedy  for  indigestion, which  is  the  real 
cause  of  heaves.  Heaves  affect  the  lungs  only 
indirectly.  Newton’s  Remedy  drives  out  intes¬ 
tinal  worms  and  is  an  excellent  stomach  and 
bowel  conditioner.  Book  explains  fully,  free.  $1 
per  can,  at  dealers’,  or  sent  direct,  prepaid. 
THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


»  will  reduce  inf  lamed, swollen  Joints, 
Bruises,  Soft  Bunches.  Cure  Bolls, 
Boll  Evil,  (Jultor,  Fistula  or  any 
unhealthy  sore  quickly:  pleasant 
to  use;  does  not  blister  under 
bandage  or  remove  the  hair,  and 
you  can  work  the  horse.  12  per  bot¬ 
tle,  delivered.  Book  7  E  free. 

ABSORBINK,  JR.,  liniment  for 
mankind.  Reduces  Painful,  Swol¬ 
len  Veins,  Goitre,  Wens,  Strains, 
Bruises,  stops  Pain  and  Inflamma- 
.tion.  Price  $1.00  per  bottle  at  deal- 
Jers  or  delivered.  Will  tell  you  more 
/if  you  write.  Manufactured  only  by 

W.F.Y0UNG,  P.D.F.,  88  Temple  St.,  Springfield, Mass. 


R.  N.-Y. — No  doubt  Brahma  blood  was 
used  in  producing  the  Columbians.  Such 
blood  is  found  in  most  of  the  “made”  breeds. 
A  simple  cross  of  Brahma  on  “Rocks”  would 
be  a  quite  different  proposition. 


For  Sale-Parks  Strain  Barred  Rock  Pullets 

Early  April  hatches,  averaging  close  to  4  lbs.  each 
in  weight;  with  proper  care  will  lay  first  part  of 
October.  Price  $1.50  each.  Detailed  information 
upon  request.  The  Mackey  Farms,  Gilboa,  N.  Y. 


23 


mnFYn  1S  only  engine  built 

ut,u  without  packing.  You 
can  never  have  blow-outs  or  leaks. 
Fewer  working  parts  than  any  other 
engine.  The  strongest  engine  built. 
Write  for  bulletin  12-B  and  receive  a 
handsome  watch  fob  free. 

DEYO-MACEY  ENGINE  CO. 

BINGHAMTON,  NEW  YORK 
Manufacturers  of  DEY*  POWER  SPRAYERS 


THE  ENGINE  THAT  WILL 
GIVE  YOU  NO  TROUBLE 


FOR  MENDING  HARNESS 

It  takes  •  shoes,  tents,  awnings,  pulley  belts,  car- 
a  wax_  -sat.  pets,  saddles,  suitcases,  buggy  tops, 
thread,  dash  boards,  or  any  heavy  material, 

feeds  Siewabt’  8  Automatic 

from  spool  and  Awl  is  the  only  per- 

does  the  work  of  *•— -  Sewing 

any  harness  maker  ^ 

machine.  It  is  indis-^^S§gs^^~7/Vvatar?S;  Slbv 
pensablo  for  farmers.  KC 

Agents  wanted.  Sent  prepaid  |k 

for  $1.25.  Sond  at  once  for  f 

catalog.  STEWART-SKINNFR  CO.  Jm 

35  Hermon  Street,  Worcester.  Mass. 


TWENTY 


FINK  BOSK  COMB 

_ _  RHODK  ISLAND  RKD 

COCKERELS.  March  hatched.  One  Dollar 
each.  D.  A.  PHILLIPS.  Andover,  Ohio. 

60  FINKST  HUSKY  ROSE  C.  R.  I.  RKD 
COCKKRKLS,  selected  from  1100  rango 
grown,  at  $2.00.  Shipments  at  0  lbs.  made  in  order 
of  remittances  received.  Gori  &  Son,  Ulster,  Pa. 

THE  FARMER'S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
I  layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  V. 


Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  May  return  at  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  Southold,  Suffolk  Co.,  N.  Y. 

INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS-f»™,S,o?St 

Price,  $1.50  each;  $5.00  for  three  Ducks  and  a  Drake 

K.  FRANK!, IN  KKAN,  Stanley.  N.  V. 

0f|  EGGS  $1.00 — Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Pou I- 
L\J  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Large  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 


BARRED  ROCKS 


WHITE  ROCKS, 
PARTRIDGE  WYAN- 
DOTTES,  PARTRIDGE  COCHINS.  We  have  a 
fine  lot  of  youngsters,  l’rize-winning  strain. 

MINCH  BROS.,  Route  3,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 


Pfllll  TRYMFI\l~I)on'tf!,il  tosecureStock  and 

lUULl  n  I  If  I  L  li  Eggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Marietta,  Pa. 


"YVTE  offer  for  Sale  about  250  Pure-bred  S.C. 
White  Leghorn  Yearling'  HENS.dre  Bneig 

These  are  some  of  our  best  birds  and  are  sold  only 
to  make  room  for  Pullets.  Price  from  $1.25  to  $4.1*0. 

Maple  Glen  Poultry  Farm,  Millerton,  N.  Y. 


SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  and  Cock¬ 
erels;  any  quantity  at  attractive  prices:  bred-to-lay 
kind.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM.  Fleminoton,  N.  J. 


SINGI.K  COMB  WHITK  BKGHORNS— Write 
at  once  if  you  wish  stock  from  our  ''mammoth 
utility”  strain  of  heaviest  layers  and  tlie  most  suc¬ 
cessful  and  probably  tlie  best  known  egg  farm  on 
Bong  Island.  "Quality”  prices  not  considered — 
quick  moving  prices  are.  THORNEHAVEN  POUL¬ 
TRY  FARM,  Shelter  Island  Heights,  N.  Y. 


5000 


Single-Combed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 
Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 
right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  best  selections.  Largest  success¬ 
ful  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 


MAKE  HENS  LAYH 


m  /  >  A  more  eggs;  larger,  more  vigorous  chicks; 

I i it! heavier  [owls,  by  feeding  cat  bone. 

Ml  M  II II 9 O  LATEST  MODEL 
HI  A  HU  d  BONE  CUTTER 

I  cuts  fast,  easy,  fine ;  never  clogs. 

K10  Days' Free  Trial.  No  money  in  advance.  Hook  free. 

■KF.W.MANN  CO.,  Box  16,MILFORD,MASS.H 


EVERY  LOUSY  HEN 

is  losing  real  money  for  you.  You  can’t 
expect  your  lice-infested  hens  to  have 
vitality  enough  left  to  produce  eggs. 
Every  egg  you  DON’T  get  is  so  much 
money  lost.  Bulletin  N'o.  33,  sent  free  to 
anyone,  tells  “  How  to  Keep  Vermin 
Away  Permanently,”  saving  monthly  ex- 

fenses  for  Whitewash,  Kerosene,  Insect 
owders,  Lice  Killers,  etc.  Write  us  today 
CARB0LINEUM  WOOD  PRESERVING  CO. 
181  Franklin  Street.  New  York  City 


THE  LEVIN  PRUNER 

The  best  pruner.  Cuts  J^-inch  dry 
branch.  Quick,  clean,  easy  cut.  We 
will  send  it  post  paid  for  club  of  two 


new  yearly  subscriptions  at  $1  each, 
or  for  club  of  10  ten  weeks  trials  at  10 
cents  each. 


The  Rural  New-Yobker,  New  Y'ork 


1911. 


THIS  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


M  I  L  K. 

The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.61 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  3%  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  2G-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


Dr.  Mullowney  of  the  Roston  Health 
Commission  has  just  returned  from  a  dairy 
inspection  trip  through  Northern  New  York 
and  Western  Massachusetts,  and  says  con¬ 
ditions  have  improved  in  that  section.  This 
is  the  section  from  which  much  extra  milk 
is  drawn  in  case  of  a  shoitage  in  Boston. 
Inspectors  from  this  same  commission  have 
been  lately  working  in  Eastern  Massachu¬ 
setts  and  find  things  in  fair  condition,  ex¬ 
cepting  places  for  storage  of  milk,  as  this 
is  kept  in  various  places,  such  as  house 
cellars,  milk  rooms  connected  with  or  near 
to  the  cow  stable,  and  in  wells  wnich  have 
no  cover  over  same,  and  very  few  have  a 
proper  milk  house  convenient  to  hut  not 
connected  with  stable.  The  Health  Com¬ 
mission  now  insists  that  such  a  place  be 
constructed  at  once  and  will  follow  tin 
matter  up  to  see  that  it  is  done.  Prices  re¬ 
main  the  same  in  most  <ascs,  although 
some  few  buyers  are  now  paying  as  high  as 
38  cents  at  farms  or  ne.T’bv  deoot. 

Massachusetts.  a  e.  p. 


Dairying  has  developed  rapidly  in  New 
Zealand.  Many  of  the  large  sheep  runs 
have  been  cut  up  into  dairy  farms.  The 
government  assists  both  by  instru.tion  and 
also  by  advancing  capital  to  creamery 
companies  for  buying  land  and  buildings. 
Snell  loans  run  15  years  in  .30  payments  at 
5  per  cent,  interest.  Labor  is  scarce  and 
milking  machines  are  largely  used.  Consul 
IT.  D.  Raker  reports  one  of  a  Scotch  make 
which  milks  directly  into  the  pail  without 
the  tubes,  which  bother  in  some  machines. 
The  hand  separator  seems  to  be  almost  un¬ 
known. 


English  dairy  farmers  are  also  having 
their  milk  troubles.  This  sounds  natural  : 

“The  public  are  quite  prepared  for  a 
raise;  in  fact,  in  the  maioritv  of  south 
coast  towns  they  have  got  it,  retail  prices 
having  been  put  up  to  10  and  12  cents  per 
quart,  and  it  only  requires  that  absolute 
unity  among  dairy  farmers  which  it  is  so 
difficult  to  obtain,  to  force  the  dealers  to 
pay  for  their  commodity  a  fair  price,  or 
one  more  nearly  approximating  to  the  cost 
of  production  than  is  represented  by  exist¬ 
ing  contracts.” 

Rut  the  trouble  on  both  sides  of  the 
water  is  to  get  “that  absolute  unity.” 


A  milk  adulteration  case  in  England  had 
a  strange  ending.  An  inspector  followed  a 
milkman  into  a  place  where  he  delivered 
milk  and  ordered  and  paid  for  a  pint.  TTe 
presented  three  small  bottles  which  the 
"dlkmnn  filled.  Analvses  sliowe'd  the  milk 
b“low  standard.  In  the  trial  the  milkman 
claimed  that  the  inspector  failed  to  make 
his  case  because  he  could  not  prove  that  a 
full  pint  had  been  bought,  as  the  law 
directs.  The  judge  upheld  this  and  dis¬ 
missed  the  ease.  Then  it  was  found  that 
the  sample  left  with  the  milkman  was  above 
the  standard.  It  cost  the  milkman  $20  to 
defend  the  case. 


Shall  It  Be  Milk  Or  Butter  ? 

Gould  you  tell  which  is  the  better  for 
me  to.  do  :  make  butter  or  take  milk  to  the 
creamery?  It  will  take  me  an  hour  and  a 
half  to  go  and  come.  They  get  Borden’s 
prices ;  do  not  get  skim-milk  back.  T  have 
been  making  butter  from  two  cows ;  going 
to  keep  five  this  Winter.  T  have  a  sepa¬ 
rator.  I  live  three  miles  from  town,  get 
from  20  to  40  cents  a  pound  for  my  butter. 
If  I  put  up  a  silo  next  year  I  could  keep 
10  head.  I  go  once  a  week  with  butter, 
vegetables,  eggs  and  chickens.  T  like  mak¬ 
ing  biiTtor  the  best,  for  T  can  have  the 
skim-milk  to  feed,  and  I  don’t  have  to  go 
in  all  kinds  of  weather  with  my  milk. 
Connecticut.  a  a 


Co-operation  Among:  Milk  Producers. 

,  As  the  subject  of  milk  is  of  interest  to 
both  producer  and  consumer,  let  us  look 
back  a  few  years  to  the  time  when  Air 
Borden,  through  the  kind  assistance  of  Mr. 
Noah  Grid  ley,  started  his  small  milk  fac¬ 
tory  in  Wassaic.  an  enterprise  that  has 
broadened  out  Into  60  flourishing  plants, 
scattered  through  New  York.  Massachu¬ 
setts  and  Connecticut.  There  is  an  object 
lesson  just  here  for  the  farmer  to  learn,  as 
to  which  party  has  made  the  real  profit  out 
of  the  milk  business,  and  where  the  hard- 
earned  money  of  the  farmers  has  gone; 
yes,  where  it  is  going  still.  When  we  con¬ 
sider  that  everything  else  in  the  market 
and  all  labor  has  risen  steadily  in  price 
year  by  .Year,  how  shall  we  accoiint  for  the 
fact  that  milk,  one  of  the  most  important 
foods,  brings  no  more  than  it  did  years 
ago,  while  the  cost  of  its  production  has 
steadily  advanced  and  the  rules  and  regu¬ 
lations  for  its  care  are  becoming  more  and 
more  rigid?  If  it  costs  more  to  transport 
end  deliver  milk  to-day.  so  that  the  price 
to  the  consumer  has  been  very  materially 
advanced,  and  it  also  is  demonstrated  that 
it  costs  more  to  produce  and  keep  pure  and 
dean  this  same  milk,  there  must  be  some 
underlying  cause  for  the  great  inequality 
m  price  between  what  the  farmer  receives 
and  the  consumer  pays.  The  60  factories 
of  the  Borden  people  alone  show  where  the 
profit  in  the  business  has  been  invested, 
and  then  comes  the  question,  how  did  this 
state  of  affairs  come  about?  Discuss  the 
subject  with  the  business  men,  including 
farmers,  and  they  will  tell  you  “no  doubt 
the  farmers  are  poorly  paid  for  their 
nroduct,  but  the  milk  companies  are  so 
powerful  and  so  well  organized  the  farm¬ 
ers  have  no  chance.”  Powerful  and  well 
organized  sounds  the  keynote.  But  let  us 
ask.  why  are  not  the  farmers,  of  to-day 
powerful  and  well  organized?  They  are 
great  in  numbers,  they  produce  one  of  the 
necessities  of  life,  but  thov  are  like  a  flock 
of  sheep  without  a  leader  or  shepherd, 
never  loyal  to  each  other,  ready  to  take 
fright  and  let  go  at  the  first  sign  of 
alarm.  This,  it  will  be  noted,  is  not  at  all 
the  policy  or  practice  of  the  middlemen. 
Not  long  ago  a  few  brave,  energetic  men  did 
get  together,  go  over  the  situation  care¬ 
fully  and  with  much  labor  form  an  order 
now  known  as  *  the  Dairymen’s  League. 


With  loyalty  to  their  convictions  and  de¬ 
termination  to  do  something,  anything, 
rather  than  endure  the  crushing  process 
any  longer,  they  have  succeeded  in  bringing 
quite  a  number  of  the  more  enlightened 
and  progressive  farmers  to  see  as  they  did 
and  start  a  campaign  for  co-operation. 
Slowly  but  steadily  they  are  adding  to 
their  number  and  marching  on,  I  believe, 
to  success.  When  the  farmers  realize  that 
there  never  will  be  any  smooth,  easy,  mid¬ 
dle  road — that  they  must  all  come  to¬ 
gether  and  as  one  man  work  out  their  own 
problem,  the  battle  will  be  half  won.  The 
Dairymen's  League  is  well  under  way;  why 
not  test  its  ability  to  do  what  it  promises 
to  do?  Tlie  old  saying  is  “Nothing  venture, 
nothing  liaye.”  It  cannot  be  worse  than 
the  present  system. 

Co-operation  then,  with  the  success  of 
the  milk  companies  as  an  example  ever 
before  them,  is  the  only  method  by  which 
the  farmers  can  rise  to  their  rightful  place 
in  the  business  world.  Once  banded  to¬ 
gether  in  an  organization  like  the  Dairy¬ 
men's  League,  farmers  would  find  they 
were  a  power  that  would  surprise  even 
themselves.  m.  b.  h. 


Possible  Dairy  Profits. 

The  New  York  Agricultural  Department 
has  issued  a  circular  which  purports  to 
answer  the  question  “Does  Dairying  Pay?” 
The  conditions  upon  which  the  problem  is 
worked  out  are  stated  as  follows  : 

“In  determining  costs,  grain  feeds  are 
charged  at  market  prices  April,  1911; 
roughage,  at  approximate  cost  of  produc¬ 
tion.  An  allowance  of  one  pound  of  grain 
is  made  for  every  three  pounds  of  milk,  ex¬ 
cept  during  the  season  of  good  pasturage. 
Three  pounds  of  grain  per  day  in  addition 
to  silage  and  hay  are  allowed  to  maintain  a 
dry  cow.  On  an  average  of  50  cows,  42 
should  be  in  milk,  and  eight  dry.  De¬ 
preciation  is  calculated  on  the  assumption 
of  a  cow  costing  $65  by  purchase  or  rais¬ 
ing,  being  serviceable  six  years  and  bring¬ 
ing  $30  for  beef  when  disposed  of.  It  is 
estimated  that  three  man  at  $1.50  per  day 
and  house  rent  will  care  for  50  cows. 

The  profits  of  milk  production  depend 
largely  on  two  factors:  the  productivity  of 
the  cows  and  the  price  received  for  milk. 
In  determining  the  returns,  it  is  assumed 
that  this  dairy  of  50  cows  may  be  selected 
from  one  of  five  classes  of  cows,  namely, 
those  producing  12  pounds,  18  pounds,  24 
pounds.  30  pounds  and  30  pounds  of  milk 
per  day,  respectively :  and  that  the  milk 
may  be  sold  at  $1.  $1.25,  $1.50.  $1.75  and 
$2  per  hundredweight  at  the  door.  Forty 
calves  should  be  expected  during  the  year, 
worth  $1.50  each  when  dropped.  Manure  is 
credited  at  the  rafe  of  one  and  one-half 
tons  per  day  from  50  cows.-  worth  $1.50 
per  ton.  It  seems  reasonable  to  assume 
that  three  laborers  will  have  sufficient  time 
to  grow  crops  enough  on  the  average  farm, 
which  supports  a  dairy  of  50  cows,  to  pay 
interest  on  the  investment,  taxes,  insurance 
and  other  charges.” 

The  daily  allowance  of  roughage  for  a 
cow  is  given  as  35  pounds  of  corn  silage 
and  12  pounds  of  mixed  hay.  The  silage  is 
valued  at  $2.50  per  ton  and  the  hay  at 
$10.  The  grain  is  a  mixture  of  equal  parts 
cornnTeal.  dried  distillers’  grain  and  gluten. 
Thus  a  cow  giving  12  pounds  of  milk  will 
get  four  pounds  of  this  mixture,  while  the 
36-pound  cow  gets  12  pounds.  The  daily 
cost  of  feed  for  42  fresh  cows  is  thus  fig¬ 
ured  : 

Giving  12  lbs.  of  milk  each  per  day..  $6.44 

Giving  18  lbs.  of  milk  each  per  day..  7.48 

Giving  24  lbs.  of  milk  effch  per  day..  8.53 

Giving  20  lbs.  of  milk  each  per  day..  9.57 

Giving  36  Ins.  of  milk  each  per  day..  10.61 

The  daily  feed  for  eight  dry  cows  is  given 
at  $1.31. 

A  “Daily  Balance  Sheet”  has  been  figured 
out  for  the  different  kinds  of  cows.  These 
figures  are  supposed  to  show  what  it  costs 
to  feed  and  care  for  the  herd  of  50  cows  for 
one  day : 

12-lb.  18-lb.  24-lb.  30-lb.  36-lb. 

Cow  Cow  Cow  Cow  Cow 
Feed  of —  Dairy.  Dairy.  Dairv.  Dairv.  Dairv. 

Milch  cows  $6.44  $7.48  $8.53  $9.57  $10.61 

Dry  cows.  1.31  1.31  1.31  1.31  1.31 

Labor  -  4.50  4.50  4.50  4.50  4.50 

Deprecia’n  .79  .79  .79  .79  .79 


Total. .  .$13.04  $14.08  $15.13  $16.17  $17.21 
In  figuring  returns  from  this  dairy  the 
value  of  the  milk  is  taken  and  to  that  added 
$2.25  for  the  manure  and  16  cents  for 
calves.  For  instance,  when  milk  is  worth 
$1  per  hundred  the  12-pound  dairy  would 
give  $5.04  worth  of  milk  each  day.  To  this 
is  added  the  supposed  value  of  the  manure 
and  calves  and  we  have  $7.45.  You  see  it 
cost  $13.04  to  feed  and  care  for  these  cows. 
The  whole  thing  is  summed  up  as  follows : 


Milk  Selling  at.  Per  Cwt. 
Cow  Dairy —  $1.  $1.25.  $1.50.  $1.75.  $2. 


12-lb . 

-$5.59 

-$4.33 

$3.07 

$1.81 

-$0.55 

18-lb . 

-4.11 

.9  99 

-  .33 

1.50 

3.45 

24-lb . 

-2.64 

-  .12 

2.40 

4.92 

7.44 

30-lb . 

-1.16 

1.99 

5.14 

8.29 

11.44 

36-lb . 

.32 

4.10 

7.88 

11.66 

15.44 

The  losses  are  indicated  (  -  ). 

Now.  suppose  we  take  the  18-pound  dairy,  i 
which  is  close  to  what  many  dairymen  are  i 
keeping.  Tt  cost  $14.08  to  feed  and  care 
for  the  cows  one  day.  Now,  there  are  not 
many  dairymen  who  can  average  $1.50  per 
hundred  or  three  cents  a  quart.  If  a 
man  owning  an  18-pound  dairy  did,  so  he 
would  get  $11.34  for  his  milk,  while  it 
cost  _  him  $8.79  to  feed.  He  must  charge 
nothing  for  his  lahor  or  take  his  pay  in 
“manure  and  calves.”  and  even  at  this  be  is 
33  cents  behind  on  the  day’s  work.  As  we 
figure  it,  it  cost  3.7  cents  to  produce  a 
quart  of  this  18-pound  milk. 


LATE  FILLING  THE  SILO. 

Here  in  the  Willamette  Valley  silage  corn 
never  gets  ripe  enough  to  be  at  its  best,  so 
that  we  usually  leave  it  until  the  first  frost, 
the  latter  part  of  September  or  the  first  of 
October.  We  aim  to  have  everything  ready 
when  the  first  frost  comes,  so  that  we  can  1 
put  men  to  cutting  down  the  corn  the  next 
day.  We  use  hand  corn  knives,  and  each 
man  cuts  two  rows  at  a  time,  which  are 
thrown  together  In  piles,  with  the  tops  all 
one  way,  and  as  he  comes  back  on  the  next 
two  rows  he  finishes  out  the  piles,  making 
a  row  of  piles  for  every  four  rows  of  corn. 
Tf  a  right-  and  left-handed  man  are  cut¬ 
ting  together  it  will  come  right  for  them 
to  cut  the  four  rows  and  pile  the  corn  be¬ 


tween  them.  It  is  also  quicker  and  handier, 
because  if  a  man  cuts  two  rows  up  and 
two  back  the  piles  are  the  wrong  way  when 
he  cuts  back  on  the  other  side  of  them,  and 
causes  him  to  turn  all  the  corn  over  to 
place  on  the  piles,  and  if  he  leaves  them 
until  he  gets  back  to  the  other  end  it 
makes  the  work  wrong-handed  for  him. 
The  next  row  of  piles  is  placed  with  the 
tops  the  other  way,  so  that  when  the 
hauler  drives  between  the  two  rows  of  piles 
the  butts  come  the  same  way  on  each  side 
of  the  wagon.  At  little  practical  experience 
will  show  the  time  and  energy  saved  in 
noting  these  things. 

We  usually  have  three  teams  and  one 
extra  man  in  the  field  to  help  load.  Good 
wide  hay  racks  on  low-down  wagons  will 
take  two  tiers,  with  the  tops  together  in 
the  center.  One  six-horse  steam  engine 
furnishes  the  power  for  cutting.  The  en¬ 
gineer  and  feeder  usually  change  jobs  about 
every  hour  as  it  makes  lighter'  work  all 
around.  The  only  thing  the  feeder  has  to 
do  is  to  feed  regularly.  Do  not  let  a  large 
bunch  of  ears  go  in  at  once,  and  if  pos¬ 
sible  keep  something  going  in  all  the 
time  If  you  should  let  the  cutter  run 
empty  it  is  a  waste  of  time  to  trv  to 
make  up  lost  time  by  filling  her  full  all  at 
once  It  will  slow  down,  no  matter  how 
much  power  you  have  or  how  well  vour 
governor  works;  and  perhaps  “plug”  vour 
blower  pipe.  Keep  lapping  a  few  stalks  at 
a  time,  so  that  the  machine  gets  a  steadv 
sD earn,  and  you  will  do  the  work  easier 
and  more  of  it.  Then  it  is  a  good  idea 
to  keep  your  hands  out  of  the  rollers  One 
man  we  had  feeding  started  to  feel  of  the 
main  boxing  to  see  if  it  was  getting  warm, 
but  one  of  the  knives  trimmed  his  finger 
nails  half  their  thickness,  and  he  made  a 
safe  man  to  feed  after  that. 

Heretofore  the  engineer  has  kept  the 
boards  in  the  silo,  spread  and  tramped  the 
silage  I  he  blower  pipe  is  placed  so  that 
the  cut  corn  falls  in  the  center  of  the  silo, 
and  the  only  place  we  tramp  is  around  the 
outside,  and  our  silage  keeps  in  good  shape. 
This  year  we  are  thinking  of  putting  a  man 
in  the  silo  and  have  him  scatter  the  silage 
by  means  of  a  sack  spout ;  sacks  with  the 
bottoms  cut  open  and  sewn  together,  with 
one  end  fastened  to  the  end  of  the  blower 
pipe,  and  the  other  end  carried  about  the 
silo  as  the  man  tramps.  Our  silos  are 
two  by  four  pieces  stood  on  end  and 
pinned  together.  These  are  held  in  place 
by  wire  bands  and  ratches.  The  doors  are 
simply  two  thicknesses  of  foot  boards  with 
the  .mints  broken.  These  are  taken  out 
one  at  a  time,  as  the  silage  is  fed. 

Some  people  complain  of  putting  in  corn 
when  it  rains,  and  it  is  a  nastv  job.  hut 
with  us  it  makes  better  silage.  We  haven’t 
got  the  water  around  the  buildings  we 
hope  to  have:  at  present  we  haul  water  in 
naiTPls  from  flip  prppk  for  tho  engine,  but 
if  we  did  have  I  am  sure  we  would  run 
some  in  the  cutter  all  the  time.  After  the 
silo  is  filled  we  put  on  a  foot  or  so  of  cut 
straw,  and  wet  down.  Rome  people  then 
sow  oats  on  the  straw,  but  we  never  suc¬ 
ceed  in  getting  much  of  it  to  sprout,  per¬ 
haps  because  the  water  being  hard  to  get 
we  never  used  enough  of  it.  Sprouted  or 
no  sprouted  oats,  the  good  silage  usually 
appeared  after  the  last  forkful  of  straw 
was  thrown  off.  and  the  cows  go  out  in 
the  yard  and  eat  the  straw.  I  like  to  see 
the  corn  juice  run  out  of  the  cracks  when 
filling,  and  until  it  swells  airtight. 

Thousand-headed  kale  here  beats  silage 
for  milk,  but  it  is  nice  to  have  silage  to 
fall  back  on  in  nasty  weather  or  with  three 
or  four  inches  of  snow,  so  we  feed  kale 
once  a  day  and  silage  once  when  the 
weather  lets  us  get  the  kale.  Of  course, 
In  the  Winter  if  one  has  enough  room  he 
can  haul  in  enough  kale  at  a  time  to  feed 
a  week,  as  it  will  keep  in  good  shape  that 
long.  This  isn't  the  way  most  of  those 
who  write  tell  us  to  fill  the  silo,  and 
neither  is  the  way  we  grow  our  corn  the 
way  they  tell  us  to  do  it.  but  this  is  the 
way  we  do  it.  and  the  way  we  grow  our 
corn  Is  the  most  profitable  we  have  found, 
if  we  do  not  plow  our  corn  ground  until 
the  first  of  June.  chas.  ii.  hays. 

Oregon. 


“Crooked  weights  and  measures  ha' 
been  used  since  the  year  869  B.  C 
“What  makes  you  so  positive  of  t! 
date?”  “That’s  when  weights  ai 
measures  were  invented.” — Birmingha 
Age-Herald. 


White  Lead  on  the  Farm 

Saving  Fruit  Trees 
You  can  protect  your  fruit  trees 
against  borers,  rabbits  and  mice  by 
a  simple  and  sure  method. 

One  large  fruit  grower  with  an  or¬ 
chard  of  12,000  trees,  all  protected 
by  this  method,  considers  that  he  has 
solved  the  borer  and  rodent  problem. 
He  has  been  using  the  remedy  now 
for  nine  years. 

Send  for  Free  Booklet 


Saving  Fruit  Trees” — which  gives  the 
method  in  detail,  and  the  testimony  of 
those  who  have  used  it. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  fin: 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Take  Your  Choice 

of  these 

32  Special  Books 


Let  us  show  you  free  of  all  cost  or  obligation 
exactly  how  you  can  save  money  on  everything 
you  buy  to  eat  or  wear  or  use  in  any  way. 

Here  are  a  number  of  the  special  books  we 
issue.  In  the  entire  list  there  may  be  t  tone 
or  two  or  three  that  will  interest  you  at  this 
time.  But  by  all  means  get  that  book  or  books 
in  which  you  are  interested. 

You  owe  it  to  yourself,  to  your  family  to  at 
least  investigate  this  big  opportunity  for  saving. 
Check  Oyer  the  List  Now 

17  Baby  Carriages 

18  Men's  Fur  Coats 

19  8ewing  Machines 

20  Gasoline  Engines 

21  Cream  Separators 

22  Building  Material 

23  Stoves  and  Ranges 

24  Underwear  Samples 
20  Automobile  Supplies 

26  Bicycles — Motorcycles 

27  Baby’s  Dress  and  Toilet 

28  Women’s  Tailored  Buits 

30  Women’s  Fashion  Book 

31  Raincoats— Mackintoshes 

33  Men’s  Clothing 

34  Women’s  Furs 


1  Paints 

2  Pianos 

3  Organs 

4  Trunks 
6  Roofing 

6  Vehicles 

7  Furniturs 

8  Incubators 

9  Wall  Paper 

10  Typewriters 

11  Grocery  List 

12  Feed  Cookers 

13  Tank  Heaters 

14  Wire  Fencing 
10  Carpets,  Rugs 
16  Building  Plans 


Send  To-Day: 

tions  are  true  to  life. 


Each  of  these  books  is  nicely 
illustrated.  The  illustra- 
The  descriptions  are  abso¬ 
lutely  accurate,  and  behind  every  article  there  is  nn 
unconditional  guarantee  of  satisfaction  or  monoy 
refunded.  The  titles  of  these  various  books  tell  you 
the  nature  of  the  contents.  Pick  out  the  book  or 
books  that  interest  you,  write  their  number  in  the 
ooupon  below  and  mail  to  us  to-day. 

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TJontgomery" w7rd7  c“ 


19th  and  Campbell  Streets 
KANSAS  CITY 


Chicago  Avenue  Bridge 
CHICAGO 


Please  send  to  my  address  below  books  Nos . 

absolutely  free  of  cost. 


Name  . 


Post  Office . . . . 

State . 

Send  coupon  to  the  address  nearest  yon 


New  Scientific  No.  20  Mill 


Heavy  steel  legs  and  steel 
hopper.  Most  efficient 
and  strongest  small 
power  mill  ever  built. 
Will  grind  cob  corn, 
shelled  corn,  oats  and 
all  other  small  grains  to 
any  desired  grade,  from 
hominy  feed  to  meal. 

Fully  Guaranteed 

Equipped  with  flywheel, 
cold  rolled  steel  shaft, 
end  thrust  ball  bearing 
and  8-inch  high  carbon 
grinding  plates. 

Two  sets  of  plates  fur- 
,  ,  ,  ,  ,  .  .  nished  with  each  mill. 

Adapted  for  use  in  any  locality.  We  stand  back  of 
every  claim  we  make  for  it.  Write  for  descriptive  catalog. 


THE  BAUER  BROS.  CO.,  Boi  415  Springfield,  Ohio 


Star  Grinders 

Absolutely  fastest  grinders  made.  Farm  stock 
thrive  better  on  ground  feed— but 
grind  your  own  stuff  and  grind 
with  a  Star.  Grind  your  neighbor’s 
feed  and  earn  big  money.  Every 
machine  built  right— guaranteed 
one  year.  We 
are  making  spe¬ 
cial  low  prices  j  ust 
now  —  write  to¬ 
day  and  we’ll 
send  you  book¬ 
let  and  quota* 

SWEEP  tions. 

The  Star  Manufacturing Co«, 
t8  l>epot  Street, 

Oh! 


New  Lexington,  Ohio. 


POWER 


One  of  the  greatest  preventives 
against  hog  cholera  and  other  dis¬ 
eases  is  a  hog  wallow  made  from 
Dr.  Hess  Dip  and  Disinfectant. 


This  powerful  germicide  is  a  pos:- 
tive  lice  killer;  it  keeps  the  hog’s 
skin  clean  and  cures  all  parasitic 
skin  disorders. 


Dr.  Hess  Dip  and 
Disinfectant 

should  also  be  used  for  disinfecting 
the  hog  pen — to  drive  out  the  filth 
and  keep  the  place  sweet  smelling. 


Dr.  Hess  Dip  and  Disinfectant  meets  the 
U.  S.  Government’s  requirements  for  offi¬ 
cial  dipping  for  sheep  scab.  It  is  non- 
poisonous  and  non-irritating. 

Sprinkle  it  in  your  henneries,  stables  and 
barns,  pour  it  down  sewers,  sinks,  troughs, 
etc.  One  gallon  of  dip  makes  70  to  100 
gallons  solution.  Write  for  our  dip  circular. 


DR.  HESS  &  CLARK,  Ashland,  Ohio 


964 


THE  RURAXs,  NEW-YORKER 


September  23, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 

E.  G.  Lewis  prides  himself  on  his 
ability  to  evade  the  law.  It  is  said  that 
he  boasted  he  could  get  around  any 
law  that  the  United  States  could  enact. 
With  the  old  companies,  which  he  pro¬ 
moted  at  an  estimated  cost  to  country 
people  of  $8,000,000,  now  in  bankruptcy, 
he  has  started  all  over  again  without 
a  dollar  of  his  own  to  promote  a 
brand  new  company,  and  as  an  induce¬ 
ment  to  prospective  dupes  he  tells  them 
that  this  time  he  has  organized  a  com¬ 
pany  from  which  creditors  will  not  be 
able  to  collect  the  money  due  them. 
He  says  it  is  proof  against  receiver¬ 
ships,  or  any  of  the  other  methods 
which  a  few  can  use  to  destroy  the 
work  of  many.  The  only  possible  mean¬ 
ing  of  this  is  that  his  new  scheme 
might  owe  you  or  a  number  like  you 
and  you  could  not  collect  the  debt,  and 
further  that  the  concern  may  be  in¬ 
solvent,  and  the  members  and  the 
courts  would  be  helpless.  He  could 
go  right  on  collecting  money  on  mem¬ 
berships  after  the  concern  was  bank¬ 
rupt  and  no  one  could  force  him  to  an 
accounting.  No  record  of  fraud  yet 
disco /ered  and  reported  serves  better 
to  show  the  brazen  knavery  of  this 
man  than  this  scheme  impudently  de¬ 
tailed  by  himself  in  his  own  paper.  It 
is  an  announcement  of  a  law  unto  him¬ 
self — a  sort  of  organized  anarchy. 

After  discovering  that  the  majority  of 
the  stockholders  in  Hampton's  Magazine 
could  not  be  prevailed  upon  to  exchange 
their  shares  on  the  basis  of  two  shares  for 
one  share  of  stock  of  the  t  olumbian  ster¬ 
ling  Publishing  Co.,  the  latter  concern  now 
amends  its  proposition  and  is  willing  to  ex¬ 
change  stock  dollar  for  dollar.  This  would 
indicate  that  the  Columbian  people  must 
have  an  important,  if  not  pressing  reason, 
in  making  such  a  liberal  concession.  The 
Columbian  Sterling  Publishing  Co.  is  still 
declaring  dividends  at  the  rate  of  one  per 
cent  per  month,  on  what  it  is  hard  to  say, 
as  no  financial  statement  of  net  earnings 
has  ever  been  published.  Editor  Hampton 
tells  all  those  whom  he  interested  in  his 
magazine  what  large  profits  there  are  in 
the  magazine  and  which  profits  they  have 
never  seen  in  a  tangible  form,  adding  that 
this  offer  has  been  made  possible  only  by 
the  great  sacrifice  he  has  made.  Nothing 
for  nothing  is  about  all  the  sacrifice  Hamp¬ 
ton  has  made. 

Business  cannot  be  flourishing  either  with 
Hampton’s  or  The  Columbian  Magazine  for 
the  announcement  is  made  this  month  by 
the  advertising  department  that  after  Oc¬ 
tober,  Hampton’s  and  the  Columbian  Maga¬ 
zine  will  be  consolidated  and  made  one  pub¬ 
lication.  This  course  is  taken  only  when 
it  becomes  necessary  to  save  money — 
Financial  World. 

If  people  want  to  put  their  savings 
into  hazardous  publishing  ventures  it 
is  their  privilege  to  do  so ;  but  we 
want  our  people  to  understand  the  situ¬ 
ation.  Anyone  ought  to  see  that  when 
dividends  are  paid  where  not  earned 
they  come  out  of  the  money  paid  in, 
and  that  such  fractions  of  your  money 
are  paid  back  to  induce  further  remit¬ 
tances. 

I  have  a  bill  for  $15.85  against  the  Cen¬ 
tral  Fish  Company,  Chicago.  Ill.,  for  snap¬ 
ping  turtles  shipped  them  in  August  last 
which  I  would  like  to  have  you  try  to  col¬ 
lect  for  me.  I  send  you  their  letter  acknowl¬ 
edging  the  shipment.  They  claim  to  have 
sent  a  money  order,  but  I  have  not  received 
it  and  can  get  no  answer.  1  have  written 
several  times  but  they  fail  to  reply. 

Michigan.  0.  L.  D. 

After  sending  instructions  to  our 
subscriber  to  ship  the  turtles  this  firm 
simply  acknowledged  the  receipt  and 
state  they  are  enclosing  money  order. 
They  refuse  to  answer  any  further,  and 
when  we  took  it  up  with  them  they 
make  the  same  reply  that  the  remittance 
was  sent.  We  can  get  no  advice  as  to 
what  express  company  issued  the  money 
order  and  they  do  not  make  any  effort 
to  stop  payment  on  it  and  have  a  dupli¬ 
cate  issued.  Such  transactions  are  re¬ 
ported  as  a  warning  to  subscribers  to  be 
sure  a  firm  has  a  good  rating  before 
sending  them  any  shipments. 

About  10  weeks  ago  I  saw  your  paper 
for  the  first  time  on  a  friend’s  table.  I  re¬ 
marked  that  I  would  try  the  10  weeks’  sub¬ 
scription.  My  friend  said.  “It  will  cost  you 
a  dollar  and  ten  before  you  are  through.” 
His  prediction  has  come  true.  Please  find 
enclosed  a  dollar  for  a  year’s  subscription. 
When  all  the  leading  magazines  and  papers 
take  the  stand  that  you  have  taken,  what  a 
country  this  will  be !  This  is  wishing  you 
every  success.  e.  n.  m. 

Massachusetts. 

The  above  letter  very  well  expresses 
a  sentiment  that  reaches  us  in  one  form 
or  another  through  every  mail.  Farmers 
want  a  paper  published  without  fear  or 
favor  for  the  farm  interests.  They  are 
just  as  anxious  to  have  it  as  we  are 
that  they  should  have  it.  The  thing  is 
to  convince  them  of  the  service.  This  is 
done  conveniently  and  easily  through  the 
10  cents  for  ten  weeks  order,  and  we 
ask  our  friends  who  can  do  so  to  in¬ 
fluence  a  new  order  of  this  kind  as  op¬ 
portunity  is  offered.  That  is  your  part 
in  helping  promote  the  work. 


OHIO  STATE  FAIR, 

COLUMBUS. 

A.  P.  Saxdi.es,  Secretary. 

Jas.  W.  Fleming,  Asst.  Secretary. 

September  8,  1911. 
The  Rural  New-Yorker,  X.  Y. 

This  is  to  advise  that  during  the  Ohio 
State  Fair  several  persons  complained  of 
the  manner  in  which  the  representatives  of 
the  Farm  and  Home,  Springfield,  Mass., 
were  conducting  their  business.  A  thor¬ 
ough  investigation  established  the  fact  that 
through  the  medium  of  a  fountain  pen  a 
swindling  game  was  being  perpetrated  upon 
innocent  victims,  chiefly  women  and  young  j 
people.  One  man  who  complained  of  being  j 
swindled  was  afterwards  assaulted  and 
badly  beaten  by  two  of  the  so-called  repre¬ 
sentatives  of  the  Farm  and  Home.  These 
two  men  were  arrested  and  turned  over  to 
the  city  authorities.  Some  of  the  money 
obtained  from  persons  complaining  was  re¬ 
turned. 

When  the  officers  of  the  Ohio  State  Fair 
were  convinced  of  this  nefarious  business 
the  representatives  of  the  Farm  and  Home 
were  ordered  to  take  down  their  tent  and 
get  off  the  grounds,  which  they  did.  From 
reports  received  we  learn  that  these  men 
had  pursued  this  same  nefarious  practice 
and  gotten  into  trouble  at  other  places  in 
Ohio.  We  ask  that  you  advise  your  readers 
to  be  on  the  lookout  for  the  fountain  pen 
scheme  of  soliciting  subscriptions  for  Farm 
and  Home.  To  put  your  readers  on  guard 
will  be  a  protection  to  all  farm  journals 
doing  business  along  legitimate  lines. 

A.  P.  SAXDLES, 

Secretary. 

It  is  now  in  order  for  Mr.  Myrick 
to  show  that  the  Ohio  State  Fair  au¬ 
thorities  are  in  a  conspiracy  to  ruin 
his  business  because  of  political  influ¬ 
ences.  This  was  the  explanation  made 
last  Winter  when  the  postal  officials 
insisted  on  his  observation  of  ,  the  postal 
laws  and  regulations.  If  farmers  who 
are  now  being  solicited  by.  Mr.  Myrick 
to  buy  stpck  in  one  of  his  publishing 
companies,  examine  the  proposition 
with  as  much  care  .as  these  officials  did 
the  fountain  pen  scheme,  they  will 
find  a  sharper  .  point  to  the  proposed 
investment  than  has  yet  been  discovered 
on  the  nib  of  a  fountain  pen. 

George  W.  Post,  ah  alleged  noted  crook, 
was  arrested  by  Federal . agents  in  Chicago 
last  Week.  Tie  was  also  known  as  S.  A. 
Potter  and  William  Carter.  The  charge  is 
fraudulent  use  of  the  mails..  Superintendent 
He  Woody  of  the  Secret  Service  charges 
that  I’os't  and  a  syndicate  of  crooks  have 
cleaned  up  more  than  sr.ooo.noo  through  the 
'•given  goods”  .game,  safe's  of  '‘salted"  gold 
mines;  fake  wrestling-  matches,  ’  wiretapping 
games/and  “Southern  ‘land"  ’sides..  Post  of¬ 
fered  a  cash:  bond  of  $50,000.  but  the  fed¬ 
eral  officials  refused  anything  less  than 
si. in, not*.  ,  Post  ami.  Edward  Starkloff  are 
under  indictment  in  the  Federal  Court  in 
New  York  for  fraud.,  A  year  ago  they  for¬ 
feited  a ;  bond  of  $23,000  in  Philadelphia. — 
Daily  Papers. 

It  is  a.  wonder. ’■  that  these  crook's1  do 
not  catch -on  to  the  , St. '  Louis  method. 
They  ought  to  publish  a  paper  and  de¬ 
nounce  their  arrest  as  an  interference 
with  private  business',  and  condemn  the 
authorities  as  working  a  spy  system. 
Then  they  could  use  some  of  the  money 
to  placate  politicians  and  demand  an  in¬ 
demnity  from  Congress  for  the  loss  of 
the  plunder  they  might  have  secured  if 
their  privileges  of  robbery  had  not  been 
interfered  with.  Of  course,  instead  of 
hunting  crooks  in  secret,  the  Govern¬ 
ment  detectives  should  be  obliged  to  go 
around  with  the  label  of  their  purpose 
pasted  on  the  outside  of  their  hats  as  a 
warning  to  the  crooks. 

The  Adams  Express  Company  has  settled 
satisfactorily.  Without  your  help  I  would 
not  have  received  a  cent,  as  they  refused  to 
answer  my  letters  or  take  the  least  notice 
of  my  claim.  a.  j.  d. 

New  Hampshire. 

This  referred  to  a  shipment  from 
Philadelphia  which  the  subscriber  asked 
permission  to  examine  before  accepting. 
The  express  company  refused  and  de¬ 
manded  the  express  charges.  The  con¬ 
tent,  were  found  to  be  entirely  ruined, 
and  claim  for  damage  was  ignored. 
The  shipment  was  duplicated  by  the 
Philadelphia  house  and  received  in  good 
order,  but  no  attention  was  paid  to  the 
damage  done  the  previous  one.  In  ad¬ 
dition  to  the  damage  there  was  an 
overcharge  on  the  express  charges  for 
which  we  filed  claim.  After  some  corre¬ 
spondence  with  the  express  company 
they  seemed  to  realize  their  responsi¬ 
bility  and  settlement  was  made. 

Your  letter  received  O.  K.  with  the  $50 
damage  to  my  piano  from  the  D.  L.  &  W. 
R.  R.  Co.  It  was  like  finding  the  money,  as 
I  had  given  up  all  hopes,  although  it  was 
proved  conclusively  that  the  damage  was 
sustained  during  transit.  They  refused  to 
reimburse  me.  I  cannot  understand  how 
you  managed  to  convince  them  they  would 
better  pay  me  and  settle  it.  Please  send 
bill  of  my  indebtedness.  I  thank  you  very 
much  for  getting  It.  We  appreciate  your 
kindness.  A  farmer  cannot  afford  to  be 
without  The  R.  N.-Y..  and  we  are  telling 
friends  and  acquaintances  both  far  and  near 
all  about  it.  mbs.  e.  l.  b. 

New  York. 

It  is  simply  persistency  that  reaches 
these  companies.  We  did  not  get  what 
we  felt  the  subscriber  was  entitled  to, 
but  this  was  the  best  we  could  do  short 
of  a  suit.  We  have  no  bill  for  any  ser¬ 
vice  of  this  kind ;  but  we  appreciate  any 
return  service  that  helps  increase  the  in¬ 
fluence  of  the  paper.  The  more  read¬ 
ers  it  has  the  more  power  it  has  to  help 
you  in  such  cases  as  this  and  in  other 
cases  as  well.  j.  j.  d. 


Digging  asphalt  from  Trinidad  Lake 


Time-and- weather 
test  is  the  real  roofing 
test. 

You  want  to  be  sure  before 
you  buy  that  your  roofing  will 
stand  this  vital  test.  The  only 
way  you  can  be  sure  is  to 
know  what  the  roofing  is  made 
of. 

Genasco 


the  Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt  Roofing 


is  free  from  mystery  and  decep¬ 
tion.  It  has  the  life  that  only 
natural  asphalt  can  give  roofing 
to  make  it  thoroughly  and  perma¬ 
nently  waterproof. 

The  natural  oils  in  Trinidad 
Lake  Asphalt  give  it  this  resisting 
life;  and  they  do  not  dry  out  of 
Genasco  like  the  volatile  oils  in 
artificial  asphalt  roofings,  which 
leave  them  to  crack,  crumble,  and 
leak. 

Genasco  Roofing  resists  rain, 
snow,  sun,  wind,  heat,  and  cold— 
and  it  lasts. 

The  Kant-Ieak  Kleet  not  only  makes 
seams  absolutely  water-tight  without 
cement — it  prevents  nail-leaks,  and  gives 
the  roof  an  attractive  finish. 

Ask  your  dealer  for  Genasco  mineral 
or  smooth  surface  Roofings  with  Kant- 
leak  Kleets  packed  in  the  roll.  Fully 
guaranteed.  Write  us  for  samples  and 
the  Good  Roof  Guide  Book. 


The  Barber  Asphalt 
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Largest  producers  of  asphalt,  and  largest 
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Dairy  Dept.  EARLVILLE.  N.  v 


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•>’./,  -v 
./w,  >,i 


PARKE, DAVIS  8tC0j 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ANIMAL 
INDUSTRY. 

.DETROIT,  MICHj 

U.S.A. 


ReduceThat  Feed  Bill 

Increase  your  milk  supply  at  the 
same  time  by  feeding  Dried  Brewers 
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Points  for  Stock  Feeders. 

Farmers  Feed  Co., 

76th  St. ,  East  River,  New  Y«rk  City 


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A 


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1911. 


THR  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


OS© 


Crops  and  Markets 

Wholesale  Prices  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  September  15,  1911. 


BUTTER 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 26  ©  .27 

Good  to  Choice . 28  ©  .25 

Lower  Grades  .  : . 18  @  .22 

State  Dairy,  best . 24  ©  .25 

Common  to  Good . 15  ©  .28 

Factory . 17  @  .20 

Packing  Stock . . 16  ©  .18 


Elgin,  111.,  butter  market  tirm  at  26  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery.  27%  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  28  cents. 
CHEESE 


Full  Cream,  best, . 12  @  .13% 

Common  to  Good . 09  @  .11 

Skims . 05  @  ,io 

EGGS 

White,  good  to  choice . 28  @  .35 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 26  ©  .27 

Common  to  Good . 20  ©  .24 

Western,  best . 23  ©  .26 

Under  grades . 14  ©  .20 

Checks  and  dirties . II  ©  .15 

BEANS 

Marrow,  100  lbs .  4.00  ©  4.45 

Medium . 3.75  ©  4.05 

Pea .  3.85  ©  4.05 

Yellow  Eye .  3.50  ©  3.60 

Bed  Kidney .  . 6.25  ©  5.75 

WhiteKidney . 4.75  ©  5.10 

Lima.  California . 6.60  @  6.65 

HOPS 

Prime  to  Choice . 56  ©  .58 

Common  to  Good..., . 50  @  .55 

Pacific  Coast . 40  ©  .45 

DRIED  FRUITS 

Apples,  evap.,  choice,  1911 .  .10%©  11% 

Common  to  good . 08  ©  .10 

Sun  dried . 07  @  .08 

Chops,  new . 02  ©  .02% 

Cherries . 14  ©  .18 

Raspberries . 30  ©  .31 

FRESH  FRUITS 

Apples.  Wealthy,  bbl . 2.0(1  &  2.75 

Alexander .  .  2.50  ©  3.50 

Wolf  River  .  2.50  ©  3.50 

Twenty  Ounce .  1.75  @2.25 

Maiden  Blush .  1.50  ©  2.25 

McIntosh . 2.00  ©  3.0(1 

Gravenstein .  2.00  @  2  75 

Duchess .  2.U0  (a  3.00 

Nyack .  1.50  @2.25 

Greening .  1.25  ®  2.00 

Kim; .  2.25  ©  2.75 

Dubbardston . 1.50  @  2.50 

Fall  Pippin .  1.50  @  2.60 

Windfalls,  bbl .  1 .00  ©  1.50 

Various,  %-bbl.-bkt . 75  @  1.25 

Crabapples,  bbl . '  2,00  @  7.00 

Pears.  Seckel,  bbl .  2.50  w  3.50 

Flemish  Beauty,  bbl .  1.50  ©  2.25 

Bartlett,  bbl .  2.25  ©  5.50 

Sheldon .  1.75  @  2.50 

Kielfer.  %-bbl .  .30  ©  .55 

Peaches.  Elberta.  bkt . 4(1  ©  .80 

Klberta,  carrier .  1.25  ©  1.75 

Other  Yellow,  bkt . 35  @  .75 

Western,  bu .  75  ©  1.00 

Muskmelons.  Colorado,  crate .  1.00  ©  2.0U 

Maryland,  crate . 50  ©  1.00 

Jersey,  bkt . 25  @  .70 

Watermelons.  Southern,  carload. .. .100.011  ©175.00 

Cranberries  Cape  Cod,  bbl .  4.50  ©  6  25 

Plums,  8-lb.  bkt.. . 10  ©  .30 

Grapes,  Concord.  18-lb.  case . 40  ©  .55 

Black,  1-lb.  bkt . 08  @  .09 

Delaware .  . .  .08  @  .09 

Niagara...'. . 06  ©  .OS 

Figs,  qt . 06  @  .12 

Citron,  bbl . 75  ©  1.00 

V  EG  ETA  BT.ES 

Potatoes,  Jersey,  bbl .  2.00  @  2.35 

Maine,  bag . . .  2. IK)  ©  2.25 

Long  Island,  bbl .  2.25  ©  2.50 

Sweet  PDtatoes.  bbl.. . 2.00  ©  3.60 

Beets.  100  bunches . . .  1.00  ®  1.50 

Brussels  Sprouts,  qt . .  .06  @  .12 

Carrots,  bbl . .  ..  1.00  ©  1.25 

Cabbage,  Long  Island,  bbl . 50  @  1.00 

Cauliflowers.  L.  1.,  bbl . 75  ©  1.75 

Sweet  Corn,  choice.  100 .  1.10  ©  1.25 

Common  to  Good . 50  @  1.00 

Cucumbers,  bbl . 50  ©  1.50 

Pickles,  bbl . 75  @  1.25 

Celery,  Jersey,  bunch . 10  @  .35 

Lettuce,  %-bbl.  bkt .  1.00  ©  2.00 

Peppers,  Jersey,  bbl . 75  ©  1.00 

Okra.  Jersey,  %-bu . 25  ©  .30 

Onions.  Long  Island,  bbl....- . 2.00  ©  2.25 

Orange  Co.,  bag . 2.00  @  2.50 

Jersey,  bu . 75  @  1.25 

Conn.  Yellow,  100-1  b.  bag .  1.50  ®  2.00 

Peas.  State,  bu . 75  ©  2.00 

Radishes.100  bunches . 75  ©  1.25 

String  Beans,  bu . 35  ©  1.00 

Lima  Beans,  potato,  bu . 75  @1.25 

Flat  kinds . 50  @  1.00 

Spinach,  bbl .  1.00  ©  1.50 

oquasn.  Marrow,  bbl . 50  ©  .75 

Crook  N  eck.  bbl . 75  ®  1.00 

Turnins.  Rutabaga,  bbl . 75  ©  1.00 

White,  bbl .  1.00  ©  1.50 

Kgg  Plants,  Jersey,  bbl . 75  ©  1.25 

Tomatoes,  Jersey,  box . 25  ©  .75 

Up-River,  bu . 30  @  .60 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Chickens,  Broilers,  ib . 14  ©  .14% 

Fowls . 13  ©  .U 

Roosters . 08  @  .09 

Ducks . 12  ©  .13 

Geese .  .lu  ©  ,u 

Turkeys . 12  ®  .13 

Guineas,  pair . 60  ©  .75 

DRESSED  POULTRY 

Turkeys.  Spring,  best . 25  ©  .28 

Old  Common  to  Good . 12  ©  .18 

Chickens,  choice  broilers,  lb .  21  ©  23 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 18  ©  .20 

Fowls . 14  ©  .17 

Spring  Ducks,  lb  .  . 16  @  .17 

Squabs,  do/. .  1.00  @  3.50 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 

Calves,  prime,  lb . 13  @  .14 

Common  to  good . 10  ©  .12 

Buttermilks . 08  @  .09 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Bay,  new  No.  1,  ton . 24.00  ©  25.00 

No.  2 . 22.00  @  23.00 

No.  3 . 18.00  ©  2O.U0 

Clover  Mixed . 16.00  ©  22  00 

Clover . ...15.00  ©  IS. 00 

Straw,  Rye . 14.00  ©  16.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 8.00  ©  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs .  5.00  ©  7.65 

Dulls . 3.00  ©  4.65 

Cows .  1.75  ©  5.00 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs .  7.00  @10.25 

Culls  .  5.00  ©  6.00 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 2.50  ©  4.00 

Lambs .  4  75  ©  6.50 

Hogs . : .  .  6  50  @7.80 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1.  Northern  Spring .  1.11  ®  .. 

No.  2.  Red . 99  @ 

No.  2  Hard  Winter .  1.04  © 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 70  ©  .75 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 45  @  .50 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 88  ©  .90 

MILL  FEED— C Ah  LOTS 

Spring  B,ran, ton . . .  24.40  @  26.00 

Standard  Middlings .  28.00  ©  31.00 

Red  Dog .  31.00  ©  32.00 

Hominy  Chop .  25.00  ®  26.70 

Linseed  Meal .  37.00  ©  37  50 

Corn  Meal .  27.00  ©  28.00 


COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland . .  11.85 

Middling  Gulf . 12.10 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling  . . , .  11.06 

Good  Middling . . .  11.95 

WOOL 

NewYork  Fleeces,  Fine,  unwashed .  19  ©  .20 

Ohio  half  blood  combing . 25  ©  .26 

Kentucky,  three-eighths  blood . 24  ©  25 

Michigan,  half  blood . 24  ©  .24% 

TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadleaf-flller . 03  ©'  .10 

Fine  wrappers . 6(1  ©  75 

N.  Y.  State  Fillers . .05  ©  .06 

Fine  and  Selections. . . .12  ©  .16 

Ohio.  Zimmer's  Spanish . 19  ©  .20 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 0T%@  .09 

Dark  Leaf .  . 10  'l@  ‘  .20 

Bright  Cutters . 12  ©  .30 

Penn,  broad  leaf  fillers . 10  ©  .12 

CHICAGO 

Butter,  creamerj . 22  ©  .26 

Eggs,  good  to  prime  firsts . 15  @  18% 

Live  Turkeys . 10  @  .14 

Fowls . 12  ©  13 

Chickens . 12  @  .12% 

Potatoes,  bbl . 2.25  c «  3.00 

Apples,  bbl . 1 .50  ©  2.50 

Sheep,  100  lbs  . 2.50  ©  4.00 

Lambs,  100  lbs . 4.25  @  5.15 

Hogs . 0.80  ©  7  75 

BUFFALO 

Butter,  creamery- . 27  ©  .2.3 

Eggs,  State . 21)  ©  .24 

Live  Chickens . 15  @  .16 

Fowls . 14  ©  .15 

Potatoes,  bbl . 2.50  ft  3  00 

Calves,  live,  100  lbs . 5.511  @10. 00 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 1.50  ©  4.00 

Lambs,  100  lbs . 4.oO  @  6.40 

Hogs . 7.00  ©  7.6(1 

Wheat,  No.  1  Spring .  'a  1.07 

Corn . 68  ©  .70 

Oats .  ...  .45  ©  .48 


Crops  in  La  Crosse  County,  Wis.,  and 
Hennepin  County,  Minn.,  have  been  serious¬ 
ly  damaged  by  bail. 

The  Cape  Cod  cranberry  crop  is  likely 
to  be  considerably  cut  by  work  of  the  fruit 
worms,  which  have  been  unusually  numer¬ 
ous  this  year. 

Farmers  in  the  Miami  section  of  Florida 
are  now  making  seed  beds  for  eggplants, 
peppers  and  tomatoes.  Many  farmers  will 
plant  heavily  of  potatoes  and  raise  fewer 
tomatoes  than  usual  this  year. 

Cotton  growers  throughout  the  South 
feel  that  the  crop  estimates  given  out  thus 
far  have  tended  to  depress  the  price  more 
than  the  facts  warrant.  A  large  number 
of  growers  met  at  Montgomery,  Ala.,  Sep¬ 
tember  12,  to  make  plans  for  holding  cotton 
and  correcting  erroneous  crop  reports.  It 
was  decided  the  crop  should  bring  15  cents, 
and  arrangements  will  be  made  to  finance 
the  crop  on  this  basis. 

Fruit  growers  intending  to  exhibit  at  the 
show  of  the  State  Horticultural  Association 
at  Duquesne  Garden,  Pittsburg,  January 
15-20,  1912,  should  pack  the  fruit  in  a 
good,  substantial  box  or  barrel,  each  speci¬ 
men  carefully  wrapped  in  paper.  The  apples 
should  be  laid  firmly  in  the  box  and  if  the 
space  is  not  entirely  filled,  it  should  he 
filled  up  with  crushed  paper  or  excelsior, 
so  as  to  hold  apples  perfectly  tight  and 
avoid  bruising.  Each  package  should  be 
carefully  marked  with  the  name  of  the  ship¬ 
per  and  with  the  name  of  the  va-dety  or 
varieties  contained  therein.  This  informa¬ 
tion  should  be  on  the  outside  of  tna  -box 
and  it  is  quite  advisable  to  have  it  repeated 
on  the  inside.  Apples  for  storage  should 
be  picked  before  they  become  soft,  but  al¬ 
lowed  to  color  as  much  as  possible  without 
destroying  their  firmness.  After  picking, 
they  should  be  placed  in  cold  storag  >  with¬ 
out  delay.  Ship  to  T.  D.  Herman,  Jr.,  care 
Union  Storage  Company,  Second  and  Liberty 
avenues,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Prices  for  1910  and  1911. 

The  Government  report  on  comparative 
prices  shows  that  potatoes  average  56  per 
cent  higher  than  last  year,  barley  34.6  per 
cent  higher;  hay.  23.1  per  cent  higher;  oats, 
5.2  per  cent  higher ;  rye,  3.8  per  cent 
higher;  clover  seed,  28.2  per  cent  higher; 
corn,  .6  per  cent  lower ;  chickens,  6.7  per 
cent  lower ;  flax,  7.5  per  cent  lower ;  but¬ 
ter,  8.3  per  cent  lower;  eggs,  10.3  "«r  cent, 
lower;  wheat,  11.5  per  cent  lower,  and  cot¬ 
ton.  18.1  per  cent  lower.  Cabbage,  30.7  per 
cent  higher;  sweet  potatoes,  29.1  per  cent 
higher ;  cloverse,'d,  28.2  per  cent  higher ; 
onions.  16.2  per  cent  higher;  honev.  .7  per 
cent  higher;  milk,  .5  per  cent  higher-  ap¬ 
ples,  1.1  per  cent  lower;  milk  cows,  10.2  per 
cent  lower;  beans,  3.1  per  cent  lower; 
horses,  4.6  per  cent  lower ;  beef  cattle,  5.4 
per  cent  lower ;  veal  calves,  5.7  per  cent 
lower ;  lambs,  7.9  per  cent  lower ;  sheep, 
14.9  per  cent  lower ;  hogs,  15.9  per  cent 
lower,  and  wool,  17.9  per  cent  lower. 


PRODUCTS,  PRICES  AND  TRADE. 

The  pack  of  canned  salmon  in  British 
Columbia  will  be  about  750.000  cases. 

New  Bedford  whaling  vessels  are  having 
a  prosperous  season.  A  fleet  of  nine  vessels 
reports  over  0,000  barrels  of  sperm  oil  and 
$30,000  worth  of  ambergris. 

The  extensiv  use  of  concrete  is  making 
havoc  with  the  brick  business,  the  past 
season  having  been  so  poor  that  some  brick 
makers  are  to  close  their  yards. 

Wheat  flour  to  the  amount  of  16,000 
tons  will  be  shipped  from  this  country  to 
North  China  within  the  next  two  months, 
owing  to  short  crops  in  that  country. 

Broom  Corn  is  having  one  of  its  periodi¬ 
cal  price  booms.  Sales  of  the  new  crop  at 
$160  per  ton  have  been  reported  and  many 
expect  it  to  reach  $200  before  the  season 
closes. 

Heavy  cotton  shipments  from  Savannah 
have  recently  been  made,  four  British 
steamers  sailing  from  that  port  recently 
having  taken  41,000  hales,  the  bulk  going 
to  Liverpool. 

According  to  Government  statistics  apple 
production  in  the  United  States  dropped 
135,000,000  bushels  in  the  12  years  follow¬ 
ing  1896.  owing  to  frost  damage  and  the 
work  of  fruit  pests. 

Wool  trade  is  dull,  though  prices  remain 
on  about  the  same  basis  as  for  some  time. 
One  reason  for  the  slack  business  is  the 
uncertainty  as  to  what  the  next  Congress 
may  do  with  the  wool  schedule. 

Rice  growers  in  Louisiana  have '  organ¬ 
ized  a  $9,000,000  corporation  to  handle 
the  rice  industry  of  this  country.  Efforts 
will  be  made  to  increase  the  demand  by 
advertising  and  working  various  economies 
in  production  and  marketing. 


The  sugar  trust  gives  three  reasons  for 
the  present  high  prices;  last  year's  short 
crop;  drought  this  year,  aud  speculation  by 
gamblers  who  think  they  can  force  prices 
still  higher.  A  prominent  sugar  official 
says  he  looks  for  lower  prices  within  six 
months. 

The  potato  market  is  very  weak  and  50 
cents  per  barrel  lower.  Large  numbers  are 
being  shipped  from  tbe  field  as  dug.  The 
rains  came  in  time  to  help  much  of  the 
late  crop  north  of  N.  Y.  City,  so  that  the 
crop  will  total  somewhat  better  than  at 
first  was  expected-. 

New  York  City  has  an  association  for 
improving  the  condition  of  the  poor.  Since 
.Tune  1.  1,600  needy  families  have  been  re¬ 
ferred  to  it.  an  unusually  large  number. 
Investigations  showed  that  sickness  and  lack 
of  work  were  the  chief  causes,  intemperance 
being  responsible  for  only  two  per  cent  of 
the  trouble. 

New  Express  Company. — The  “Chinese 
Express  Company”  was  recently  incorpor¬ 
ated  in  California.  Only  Chinese  are 
on  the  board  of  directors.  They  will  do 
an  express  business  between  the  United 
states  and  China  and  act  as  commission 
agents  for  those  wishing  to  ship  goods  to 
China. 

It  will  not  be  tactful  to  make  remarks 
about  “sweet  home”  to  those  New  Orleans 
people  Who  were  caught  in  the  molasses 
flood  when  a  large  storage  tank  burst  re¬ 
cently.  Near  the  burst  warehouse  the  mo¬ 
lasses  river  was  10  feet  deep,  and  many 
houses  and  shops  had  two  feet  of  molasses 
in  the  basements. 

New  York  State  has  a  law  forbidding 
the  manufacture  or  sale  of  any  product  re¬ 
sembling  butter,  but  not  matie  from  pure 
milk.  This  has  been  held  to  bar  out  oleo¬ 
margarine  unless  white,  even  though  offered 
for  sale  under  its  proper  name.  The  New 
York  Supreme  4  ourt  has  now  decided  in  a 
test  case  that  oleo  may  be  sold  as  such, 
even  though  its  color  resembles  butter,  pro¬ 
vided  the  color  results  from  the  natural 
ingredients  used,  and  not  from  artificial 
substances.  The  next  necessary  step  would 
appear  to  be  a  court  ruling  as  to  what  are 
the  necessary  natural  ingredients  of  oleo, 
a  matter  which  the  manufacturers  them¬ 
selves  have  not  decided,  as  there  are  many 
formulas.  Until  the  courts  decide  that  oleo 
must  be  made  from  such  and  such  sub¬ 
stances  and  no  others,  we  see  nothing  to 
hinder  the  makers  from  using  as  a  “natural” 
ingredient  practically  any  harmless  oil  that 
will  give  the  desired  color. 

But  the  thing  of  most  importance  to 
dairymen  and  consumers  is :  Shall  oleo  be 
retailed  for  what  it  is,  or  under  the  guise 
of  butter?  During  the  past  two  or  three 
years  considerable  display  has  been  made  of 
selling  oleo  openly  on  stands  in  markets 
and  retail  stores  in  cities.  The  oleo  is 
properly  labeled  and  signs  and  booklets  tell 
of  its  food  value  very  frankly.  These  places 
all  have  an  air  of  :  See  how  honest  we  are. 
Taste  it  and  buy  it  for  just  what  it  is. 

The  writer  has  closely  watched  these 
places  but  has  failed  to  sec  many  sales. 
People  come  along,  look  at  it.  and  perhaps 
sample  it,  then  “move  on”  without  buying. 
To  those  who  have  looked  into  the  matter 
at  all  it  is  evident  these  open  sal-s  are 
largely  bluffs,  and  that  most  of  the  oleo  is 
retailed  as  butter  and  at  butter  prices.  If 
the  large  quantities  made  were  sold  honestly 
retail  stores  would  have  to  be  many  times 
as  plentiful  as  now  and  doing  a  rushing 
business.  w.  w.  h. 


COMING  FARMERS’  MEETINGS. 

Ohio  State  Horticultural  Society.  Torch 
Hill,  September  19. 

Connecticut  Horticultural  Society,  Hart¬ 
ford,  September  19-20. 

Vermont  State  Fair,  White  River  Junc¬ 
tion,  September  19-22. 

Michigan  State  Fair,  Detroit,  September 
18-27. 

Apple  Carnival,  Martinsburg,  W.  Va.,  Sep¬ 
tember  27-29. 

Illinois  State  Fair,  Springfield,  Septemh(4- 
20-October  7. 

^Ncw  Jersey  Fair,  Trenton,  September  25- 

^  Connecticut  State  Fair,  Berlin,  September 

Connecticut  Bornological  Society,  Berlin, 
September  26. 

Good  Roads  Convention,  Roanoke,  Va., 
October  4-5. 

Virginia  State  Fair,  Richmond,  October 
9-14. 

Massachusetts  Poultrv  Association,  Am¬ 
herst,  October  11-12. 

New  England  Fruit  Show,  Boston,  Mass., 
October  23-28. 

National  Dairy  Show,  Chicago,  Ill.,  Oc¬ 
tober  26-November  4. 

National  Creamery  Butter  Makers’  Asso¬ 
ciation,  Chicago,  November  1-3. 

Indiana  Apple  Show,  Indianapolis,  No¬ 
vember  6-11. 

Massachusetts  Corn  Show,  Springfield, 
Mass.,  November  11-18. 

Boston  Chamber  of  Commerce  Agricul¬ 
tural  Exhibit,  October  2-31. 

American  Road  Congress,  Richmond,  Va., 
November  20-23. 

National  Apple  Show,  Spokane,  Wash., 
November  27-30. 

Conventions  Pennsylvania  Live  Stock  and 
Horticultural  Associations,  Duquesne  Gar- 
dan,  Pittsburg,  January  15-20. 

FflR  ^ Al  F— 80- Acre  Jersey  Poultry,  Hog.  Fruit 
IUII  uHLL  and  Vegetable  Farm;  10c.  milk  route; 
popular  summer  resort  :  location  is  beautiful. 
$5,000  cash.  J.  C.  AVERY,  Lake  Sunapee,  N.  II. 

WANTFD — ^  country  girl  to  do  plain  cooking 
tt  nil  i  luu  an<j  cleaning  in  a  private  New  York 
city  home.  No  washing  required.  A  permanent 
place  and  good  wages  to  a  person  who  can  furnish 
satisfactory  references.  State  age,  experience  and 
wages  expected.  Address  HOME,  care  Rural  New- 
Yorker,  409  Pearl  Street,  New-  York  City. 

FARMER  WANTED“S^”i 

who  with  his  family  can  operate  farm  of  one  hun¬ 
dred  and  sixty  acres  within  twenty-five  miles  of 
New  York.  Farm  is  equipped  with  necessary  live 
stock,  machinery,  buildings,  for  successful  opera¬ 
tions.  Will  pay  cash  salary  and  give  interest  on 
profits  to  the  right  man.  Address  A.  B.  C.,  care 
Rural  New-Yorker. 

FOR  SALE  or  RENT““;S«PS; 

monthly.  Henry  C.  Carter  Winsted,  Conn.,  Riverton  Sicqe. 


A  Lauson  engine  comes  that 
way  and  stays  that  way  because 
exceptional  care  in  materials 
and  workmanship  is  shown  thruout. 

LAUSON "FROST  KING 

GASOLINE  AND  OIL  ENGINES 

are  guaranteed  O.  K.  or  money  back.  Made  in 
sizes  1  H.  P.  to  50  H.  P.  and  every  engine  develops 
more  than  its  rated  II.  P.  No  blockingor  bracing  is 
needed  when  running,  as  each  engine  is  balanced 
and  carefully  tested  before  shipping.  Write  for  cat¬ 
alog.  State  power  needed. 

I  THE  JOHN  LAUSON 

MFG.  CO. 

218  Northwest  St. 

New 

‘Holstein, 

Wis. 


ssmscl  <? 

SELF  RAISING  GATES  t 

is  the  result  of  15  years  sue 
cessful  gate  making. 

Expert  gate  builders  and  high  grade  materials 
are  combined  to  make  the  PEERLESS  gate  right. 

Big,  extra  size  frames;  filled  with  the  famous 
Peerless  all  No.  9  wire  fencing,  crossbars  6  inches 
apart.  Se.f-raising,  no  dragging  over  snow,  ice, 
rubbish  or  grass -it  lifts  itself. 

But  this  is  not  enough ;  we  are  now  installing,  at 
enormous  expense,  equipment  to  galvanize  our 
gates.  Every  part  will  be 

HEAVILY  GALVANIZED 

will  be  rustproof,  will  look  better  and  last  longer  than 
a  painted  gate,  without  raising  the  cost  to  the  user. 

Y our  dealer  can  get  Peerless  Gates.  If  he  will  not- 
write  to  us. 

Peerless  Wire  Fence  Co.  .SiSSA 


JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  COMPANY, 

Commission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York. 
Poultry,  Eggs,  Meats,  Produce.  Shipments  Solicited. 

D  LEASE  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com- 
1  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter. 
Eggs,  Poultry.  Pork,  Calves,  Hay,  Grain.  Beans 

Apples,  etc.  E.  n.  Woodward,  soc  ur>n»i>i,  st.,  ,\.v, 

EARLY  CHESTNUTS  &  SHELLBARKS 

wanted.  \\  in.  11.  C'olien  A-  Commi-tulon  Mer¬ 
chants*  -  -  -  2-9  WaHhiiiKton  fct.,  New  York. 

JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  HEW  YORK 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY. 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 


Highest  prices  guaranteed  for  White  or  Brown 
Leghorns  or  mixed  eggs.  Also  high  grade  butter. 
Write  us  for  information.  A  trial  will  convince  you 
of  our  ability  to  obtain  extreme  prices.  Address 

JOHNSTONE  & COUGHLAN. 

172  Duane  Street  ;  ;  New  York 

Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.,  -  Boston. 

W  A NTF fl — Market  for  Fancy  Christmas  Trees  by 
TT  nil  ILL!  carload.  D.  R.  Wood,  Morrisville,  Vt. 

CHESTNUTS  AND  HICKORY  NUTS 

Please  send  to  E.  B.  Woodward,  302  Greenwich  St..  N.  Y. 

FARM  FOR  $2,500 

Sullivan  County,  New  York  State  Farm  in  good 
state  of  cultivation,  well  fenced  and  watered;  apple 
orchard,  maple  orchard,  small  fruit.  Large  13-room 
house,  large  barn  and  wagon-house,  granary  and 
outbuildings.  One  mile  from  post  office,  stores 
and  State  road;  in  the  heart  of  the  popular  summer 
boarding  section.  It  contains  about  13(1  acres;  to 
close  the  estate  it  will  be  sold  for  $2,5(10,  less  than 
the  cost  of  the  buildings.  It  has  been  used  as  a 
dairy  and  grain  farm;  creamery  one  mile.  Address 
FARM,  care  Rural  New-Yorker,  409  Pearl  St.,  N.Y. 

Buy  a  farm  in  Virginia.  We  have 
many  excellent  bargains  in  Grain, 
Stock,  Fruit,  Trucking  and  Poultry 
Farms.  Write  for  list,  describing 
t  Q  T  R1  0  :nul  ot  farnl  you  want. 

I  U  I  III  0  VENABLE  &  FORD  .  .  .  LYNCHBURG,  VA. 

FAQUC  Circular  free.  Dept.  161.  Belauds’ 
I  HI1HIO  1-arm  Agency,  31  Milk  St.,  Boston 

|Kf|  FjH'lTlQ  t"OR  SALE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
I  vMJ  I  UllllO  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  tree.  Horace  <7-  REEDEB,  Newtown.  Pa, 

FDR  <\AI  F~If  y°u  want  the  best  farms  for  the 
l  Ull  OnLL  money,  send  for  our  large  free  catalog. 
H  ALI/S  FARM  AGENCY.  Owego,  Tioga  Go..  N.Y. 


New  York  State  Farms  „v‘irly  aTi  parts  ot 

the  State.  Catalog  free  to  parties  intending  to  buy. 
NORTHERN  REALTY  CO.,  Syracuse,  New  York. 

FOR  QAI  C -homestead  farm  in  hunt 
run  OHLt  COUNTY,  N.  J.  10S  acres;  fertile 
soil;  good  neighbors;  pure  water.  Brick  mansion 
house  of  14  rooms  and  all  necessary  outbuildings. 
Five  miles  from  Hopewell  on  P.  &  ft.  R.  R.,  and  2 
miles  from  Ringoes  on  Penn.  R.R.  Must  lie  sold  to 
close  estate.  Inquire  Georoe  Whitenack,  Skillman,  N.  J. 


ege 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


September  23, 1911, 


To  Send  the  FREE  [Coupon 
and  Get  Free  This  Remarkable  Book 

Ben  Schmidt,  acknowledged  the  world’s  expert  gas  engine 
maker,  has  gotten  up  a  very  valuable  book, “How  to  Use  Power 
on  the  Farm  and  in  the  Shop.”  He  wants  to  send  it  to  you  FREE.  Just' 
put  your  name  and  address  on  the  coupon  below  and  mail  it  at  once.  We 
will  immediately  send  you  a  copy  of  this  valuable  book,  “How  to  Use 
Power”  Free  and  prepaid.  The  book  contains  information  of  vital  im¬ 
portance— will  materially  aid  you  in  your  daily  work  on  the  farm  or  in  the  shop — inform¬ 
ation  which  tells  how  to  save  money  every  day  in  the  year — how  to  greatly  increase 
your  working  efficiency.  Considerable  expense  and  many,  many  years  of  experience 
enabled  Schmidt  to  compile  this  book,  which  tells  how  you  can  get  the  famous  Schmidt 
Chilled  Cylinder  Gasoline  Engine  on  your  farm  for  a  positive  FREE  TRIAL  and  then 
send  it  back  AT  OUR  EXPENSE. 


XL  UOLA  n  M  V/L/IV  X-.-rf'W  A  T  kJ  jl*  • 

Send  the  coupon  for  this  remarkable  book  today.  Only 

copy  is  sent  to  each  person,  but  we  will  be  glad  to  send  a  copy  to  any  of  your  friends, 
send  their  names  and  addresses. 


ThisBookSentFREE 


10  Days  Trial  FREE 

This  is  the  first  genuine  free  trial  ever  offered  on  gasoline 
engines  for  farm  and  shop  use.  We  want  you  to  see  that  women  and 
chi'dren  can  run  this  engine.  Use  the  engine  to  run  any  machinery 
you  have — the  pump — separator — washing  machine — corn  sheller — grinder — any¬ 
thing.  and  rempmber  the  engine  is  ready  to  run  when  you  get  it — complete  and  ready 
to  run.  Your  daughter,  wife  or  son  can  run  this  engine  as  easily  as  winding  a 
clock.  Send  the  free  coupon  and  we  will  send  you,  prepaid,  our  sensational  offer 
and  our  very  useful  book,  “How  to  Use  Power”  free. 


7  Months  to  Pay 


If  you  like  this  en¬ 
gine  after  trying  it  out 
for  10  whole  days,  you 
can  keep  it  and  take  7  months  to  pay  for  it  on  easy  monthly  payments. 
If  you  decide  that  the  Schmidt  Chilled  Cylinder  Engine  is  the  greatest 
Engine  on  earth  all  you  need  send  us  is  S7.50  after  the  free  trial.  If  you  don’t 
want  to  keep  the  engine,  for  any  reason  whatever  after  using  it  free  for  10  days, 
just  send  it  back  at  our  expense.  Now  put  your  name  and  address  on  the  coupon 
and  mail  it  to  us  or  drop  us  a  card,  and  we  will  send  you  all  particulars  of  this 
stupendous  offer  free.  Don’t  forget  that  when  you  send  us  your  name  you  get  the 
book  “How  to  Use  Power”  also  free. 

Schmidt’s  Chilled 
Cylinder  Gasoline  En¬ 
gine  is  absolutely  guaran- 
The  biggest  bank  in  Iowa  backs  our 


and  You  Keep 
This  Great 
Engine! 


Yes,  sir,  that’s  right— you  keep  this  engine  for  $7.50,  a  wonderful 

gasoline  engine  offer,  an  offer  without  a  parallels  We  offer  to  ship  you  Schmidt’s 
CHILLED  CYLINDER  Gasoline  Engine  on  your  simple  request  without  an  order  or  any  promise  from 
you.  You  use  the  engine  10  entire  days,  use  it  all  you  want  to.  Then  if  you  don’t  want  it,  send  it  back  at  our 
expense.  If  you  do  wish  to  keep  it,  pay  us  only  $7.50  and  the  rest  in  the  easiest  monthly  payments. 
We  send  you  the  engine  free,  to  prove  that  it  is  the  greatest  air-cooled  3  horse  power  engine  on  earth. 
We  want  you  to  see  for  yourself  that  it  is  better  than  any  other  machine  that  costs  twice  and  three  times 
as  much.  It  is  the  only  engine  with  the  marvelous,  powerful  chilled  cylinder.  The  only  engine  for  farm 
use  with  a  spark  retarder.  This  is  Schmidt’s  Chilled  Cylinder  Gasoline  Engine.  The  new  type  gasoline 
engine  that  has  revolutionized  the  gasoline  engine  industry.  The  only  engine  good  enough  to  send  out 

on  actual  free  trial  without  a  cent  down  in  any  way  and  then 
sold  to  you  on  easy  payments  if  you  want  it.  Let  us  tell  you 
about  the  Chilled  Cylinder  and  spark  retarder.  Write  for 
catalogs  and  wholesale  price. 


Send  Coupon 
TODAY 


5  Years  Guarantee 

toed  for  five  years  in  every  piece  and  part. 

$1,000  challenge  offer  on  our  engine. 

BEN  L.  SCHMIDT,  President, 

SCHMIDT  BROS.  CO.  Engine  Works 


Yes,  send  the  coupon  for  the  valuable  Free  Book 
“How  to  Use  Power  on  the  Farm  and  in  the  Shop” 
Remember,  the  coupon  is  not  sent  for  a  free  trial  of 
the  engine,  but  for  the  Free  Book,  Get  all  particulars 
of  our  amazing  offer  before  you  think  of  buying  an  engine 
from  anybody.  Learn  all  about  thin  wonderful  new  typo 
economy  engine,  so  easy  to  handle.  Learn  about  the  won¬ 
derful  Chilled  Cylinder,  learn  how  useful  the  Engine  will  bo 
to  you  and  to  the  women  folks  on  the  farm.  I^cam  how  many 
things  you  can  do  with  a  chilled  cylinder  engine  and  how  to 
save  all  dealer’s  profits  for  yourself.  Semi  your  name  today. 
Fill  out  the  coupon  which  entitle  s  vou  to  the  free  book  and 
free  literature.  Act  quickly.  Write  now. 


Dept.  4306 
DAVENPORT, 
IOWA 


,  FREE  COUPON 

Ben  L.  Schmidt,  Pres.,  Schmidt  Bros.  Co.  Engine  Works, 

Dept.  4306  Davenport,  Iowa. 

Gentlemen:  Please  send  me  absolutely  free,  postpaid,  your  free 
A  book  "How  to  Use  Power  on  the  Farm  and  in  the  Shop.”  Also  your 
•  engine  catalogs,  wholesale  price  on  easy  payments,  all  information 

I  about  your  free  trial  offer  on  Schmidt’s  Chilled  Cylinder  Gasoline 
Engine-all  free  and  prepaid,  I  assume  no  obligations. 


Name 


I 


Address 


Ben  Schmidt  Asks  YOU 


SAVE  HALF  Your 
Paint  Bills 

By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT  — proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 
Only  Paint  endorsed  by  the  “Grange.*' 
Made  in  all  colors, — for  all  purposes, 
DELIVERED  FREE. 

From  the  Mill  Direct  to  You  at  Factory  Prices. 

INGERSOLL  PAINT  BOOK  — FREE 

Tells  all  about  Paint  and  Painting  P'r  Durability. 
How  to  avoid  trouble  and  expense  caused  bv  paint,* 
fading,  chalking  and  peeling.  Valuable  information 
free  to  you.  with  Sample  Color  Cards,  Write  me.  DO 
IT  NOW.  I  can  save  you  money. 

0.  W.  Ingersoll,  246  Plymouth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 


Brown  fenc 

Strongest,  most  durable  fence 
made.  Heaviest,  closest  wires.  Donble 
.  galvanized.  Practically  indestrnctible.  Stock  ^ 

■  strong  Chicken  tight.  1 1  to  35c  per  rod.  Sample  free.  Wepayfrt. 

iTHieBrow^Fenc^^Wir^o^Dept^dCIeveland^Obl^l 

ii 


FUMA 


55,  kills  Prairie  Dogs, 
Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
a  n  d  G  rain  Insects. 
"The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  hut  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

*with  “Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  are  doing. 

EDWARD  R.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Yan,  N.Y. 


Make  It  Yourself 

If  you  have  timber,  save  money 
and  make  money  sawing  for 
others,  with  a  Portable 

American  Saw  Mill 

Simple,  reliable,  little  power 
needed,  no  experience  necessary. 

,  J  Catalog  free.  Also  describes  wood- 
Jworking  machinery  of  all  kinds.  ^ 

AMERICAN  SAW  MILL  MACH’Y  CO. 

129  Hope  St.,  llaekcttstown.N.  J. 
1582  Terminal  Bldgs.,  New  York 


OUR  BOOKLET 

When  the  Going  is  Hard 

Contains  information  that  is  well  worth  your 
time  to  read.  The  discussion  on  "A  Wheel 
with  One  Spoke”  is  worth  DOLLARS  to  you. 
We  tell  you  why  a  wooden  wheel  Is 
dished,  which  is  something  many  wagon 
manufacturers  do  not  know.  There  are  about 
twenty-five  other  articles  just  as  interesting. 

DAVENPORT  ROLLER-BEARING 

STEEL  FARM  WAGON 

There  are  many  reasons  why  the  DAVENPORT  is  the  wagon  for  the  farmer  today. 
Among  these  are:  30%  to  50%  Lighter  Draft,  Increased  Carrying  Capacity,  Does  Not  Carry 
Mud,  No  Repair  Bills,  No  Tires  to  Reset,  and  Many,  Many  More^ 

Better  Investigate.  Write  for  the  booklet  and  also 
for  our  Package  No.  36.  Both  sent  FREE. 

JOHN  DEERE  PLOW  COMPANY 

Moline,  Illinois  THE  ROLLEB  bearing 


Bigger  Profits 
With  This  Power 


More  work  at  less  expense  and  less  repair' 
cost  than  with  any  other  engine  made.  Let  08' 
proveit.  Writefor  Free  Leffel  Book.  Youarenot' 
prepared  to  buy  until  you  get  our  proposition. 

Leffel 

Steam 


Eng 


mes 


are  the  simplest, 
most  durable,  and 
economical  power 
outfits  made.  Large 
variety  of  uses.  No 
breakdowns,  no  de-' 
lays.  Don't  decide 
on  any  outfit  until 
you  get  the  LEFFEL 
FREE  BOOK. 

Address 
I  James  LefTel  Sc  Co 
J  Box  1! 61  Springfield, 


OTOR  CARS  have  become  a  factor  in  modern  farming. 
Farmers  recognize  the  reliable  car  as  one  of  the 
greatest  savers  of  time  ever  provided  for  their  business 
needs.  The  quick  trip  to  town  in  busy  seasons  without 
taking  horses  from  work;  being  able  to  go  anywhere  any  time;  the 
advantages  of  getting  to  markets  early  and  to  markets  at  a  distance — 
these  are  unanswerable  arguments  in  favor  of  investing  in  an 

International  Auto  Wagon 

The  International  is  especially  serviceable  because  of  its  high  wheels,  solid  tires, 
air-cooled  engine,  economy  of  fuel,  and  ease  of 
operation.  High  wheels  give  road  clearance 
and  the  International  will  travel  through  mud,  sand, 
or  snow  that  stalls  low-wheeled  cars.  With  solid 
tires  there  are  no  punctures  or  blow-outs  or  delays; 
with  the  air-cooled  engine,  no  freezing. 

And  when  the  International  has  done  its  work 
for  the  day  it  is  ready  to  take  the  family  for  an 
evening  spin. 

Write  for  catalogue  and  complete  information. 

International  Harvester  Company  of  America 

(Incorporated) 

101  Harvester  Building  Chicago  USA 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4118 


NEW  YORK.  SEPTEMBER  30,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  I’ER  YEAR. 


BUILDING  A  CEMENT  BRIDGE. 

A  PENNSYLVANIA  FARMER’S  JOB. 

Durable  and  Economical. 

Our  township  is  quite  large,  and  a  few 
years  ago  was  divided  into  two  districts. 
Three  supervisors  are  elected  by  the 
popular  vote  of  the  people  to  serve  three 
years  each.  They  have  absolute  power 
to  contract  and  make  repairs,  etc.  They 
appoint  road  masters  in  different  parts 
of  t  e  district,  who  work  under  their 
orders,  but  have  no  right  to  do  any¬ 
thing  but  plain  everyday  road  work 
without  getting  the  consent  and  plans 
from  the  particular  supervisor  under 
whom  he  is  working.  One  cold  day  in 
early  March.  1911.  one  of  the  super¬ 
visors  came  to  me  and  wanted  me  to 
take  charge  of  a  few  miles  of  road  for 
the  coming  season,  explaining  some 
needed  changes  in  the  road  he  had  in 
view,  but  could  never  get  a  road  master 
with  nerve  enough  to  make  them.  Xow. 
when  the  public  comes  hunting  up  a 
little  110-pound  man  to  get  one  wh  > 
has  nerve,  it  makes  the  little  man  feel 
a  bit  chesty. 

I  started  the  road  machine  April  14. 
while  the  roads  were  still  quite  un¬ 
settled.  but  dry  enough  to  do  good  work. 
On  the  15th  I  got  over  all  my  roads 
except  two  unimportant  ones  that  were 
still  too  wet.  My  work  amounted  to 
about  $26,  and  if  everything  had  turned 
out  as  expected  that  much  more  work 
would  have  kept  them  in  good  shape  all 
season.  A  severe  drought  set  in  early 
in  May,  and  by  the  latter  part  of  the 
month  it  was  becoming  alarming,  but 
the  afternoon  of  the  29th  a  little  thun¬ 
der  shower  came  down  from  the  north, 
and  when  it  got  over  my  road  just 
right  it  threw  out  the  anchor,  stopped 
and  rained  1  />  hour,  increasing  in  vol¬ 
ume,  until  the  last  half  hour  was  sim¬ 
ply  a  cloudburst.  Before  bedtime 
messages  came  in  on  the  ’phone  notify¬ 
ing  me  of  washouts  here,  there  and  all 
over.  The  morning  of  the  30th  I  got  a 
small  band  of  sturdy  farmers  together 
and  sallied  forth.  It  was  Memorial 
Day,  and  it  would  not  do  to  have  the 
old  veterans  drop  through  a  bridge  and 
meet  an  inglorious  death  after  with¬ 
standing  the  enemy’s  fire  years  ago. 

I  found  things  in  bad  shape ;  wooden 
bridges  were  swept  away,  and  two  stone 
bridges  were  torn  to  pieces.  In  the 
meantime  the  supervisor  that  I  got 
my  authority  and  advice  from  was 
taken  sick  with  a  serious  illness ;  could 
not  be  seen  personally,  or  even  inter¬ 
viewed  over  the  telephone.  The  people 
would  travel,  roads  or  no  roads,  and 
six  crooked  planks  were  all  the  stock 
on  hand  belonging  to  the  township  that 
I  could  find.  Some  one  sent  in  word 
to  headquarters  wanting  relief  at  once. 
The  matter  was  referred  to  me  some¬ 
thing  like  this :  “Make  your  complaint 
to  Bangs,  he  has  charge  of  that  district. 


LAYING  FOUNDATION  AND  SIDE  WALLS.  Fig.  375. 


ONE  SIDE  OF  THE  LARGER  BRIDGE.  Fig.  376. 


THE  SMALLER  BRIDGE  COMPLETED.  Fig.  377 


and  if  he  has  nothing  to  work  with,  it’s 
his  business  to  get  it.”  All  of  my  stock 
of  material  (six  planks)  had  been  used 
along  with  a  lot  of  slabs,  mine  ties  or 
anything  that  would  cover  a  hole  for 
the  time  being.  Temporary  wooden 
bridges  had  to  be  built  where  the  stone 
bridges  were  ruined,  as  it  would  take 
some  time  to  rebuild  them.  Then  some 
of  the  wise  old  fellows  who  look  over 
their  glasses  when  trying  to  drive  their 
pointer  home  began  to  say,  “Well, 
Bangs  is  stuck.  He’ll  have  to  throw 
up  his  job.  There  will  have  to  be  a  man 
of  more  experience,”  etc. 

I  would  have  been  very  glad  to  shake 
myself  loose  from  it  and  go  back  to 
the  quiet  peaceable  farm,  but  not  under 
such  conditions.  I  ordered  bridge  plank, 
put  teams  in  the  woods,  shouldered  the 
broadax  myself  and  sallied  forth. 
Every  other  old  fellow  who  would 
come  along  the  road  would  have  a  dif¬ 
ferent  place  to  put  the  new  bridge.  I 
listened  to  some  of  it  when  it  did  not 
interfere  with  my  work,  but  put  them 
all  where  they  would  not  interfere  with 
the  building  up  of  the  permanent  work. 
I  then  sent  word  to  my  supervisors  that 
I  was  ready  to  replace  the  stone  bridges, 
and  would  like  to  have  some  plan  as 
to  size,  how  to  construct  according  to 
their  wishes.  The  supervisor  who  had 
charge  of  me  was  still  sick,  and  was 
very  low  at  this  time.  I  got  word  to  go 
ahead,  build  to  suit  myself,  and  do  the 
best  I  could  under  the  circumstances. 
I  knew  my  supervisor  was  in  favor  of 
concrete  bridges  and  if  he  was  able  to 
consult  me  that  would  be  the  kind  of 
bridge  we  would  build.  I  hired  an 
extra  day  hand  for  the  farm  work,  and 
told  them  to  go  ahead  for  the  remainder 
of  the  season,  as  I  was  busy. 

Fig.  375  shows  the  bridge,  side  walls 
up,  bottom  laid,  part  of  the  under  frame 
for  arch  forms  to  rest  on  with  one  form 
placed  at  the  upper  end.  The  tempor¬ 
ary  bridge  shows  above,  and  the  der¬ 
rick  was  used  for  hoisting  the  stone 
when  tearing  out,  also  for  letting  them 
down  again  on  the  new  bridge.  The 
picture  shows  only  a  part  of  the  great 
expanse  of  territory  the  water  comes 
from  at  this  point;  two  small  streams 
extending  back  among  those  high  hills 
come  together  in  front  of  the  bridge, 
and  counting  the  two  side  ditches  along 
the  road,  four  streams  come  together 
in  front  of  the  bridge,  and  as  the  bridge 
is  in  a  hollow  the  water  comes  with  a 
rush  from  all  points.  Wooden  bridges 
have  been  swept  away  without  number, 
uitil  the  creek  bed  at  that  point  had 
become  a  pot  hole.  Eight  years  ago  an 
old  English  stone  mason  was  employed 
to  build  a  bridge  out  of  heavy  lime¬ 
stone.  A  bridge  was  built  15  feet  long 
at  creek  bed,  with  a  span  of  four  feet 
square  for  water  to  pass  through.  As 
the  stone  work  was  battered  back  from 
foundation  up  to  give  it  strength,  after 


868 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


September  30, 


completion  the  driveway  was  only  11  feet  wide.  Two 
rigs  could  not  pass  on  the  bridge,  neither  could  an 
oi  dinary  six-foot  cut  binder  be  run  across  without 
trucking,  neither  guard  rails  or  any  protection  what¬ 
ever  for  such  a  dangerous  place.  The  bridge  cost 
about  $200,  and  was  always  styled  a  nuisance.  I 
thought  I  would  profit  by  the  other  man’s  mistake 
and  build  bigger  anyway,  so  I  dug  the  bottom  out 
11  feet  wide  and  20  feet  long.  I  was  down  about  10 
feet  below  the  roadbed  when  I  came  to  material 
that  would  be  safe  to  build  on,  and  then  I  could  only 
find  rock  for  the  side  walls.  At  the  lower  end  of 


FEEDING-SHED  FOR  STOCK.  Fig-  378. 


the  excavation  I  could  run  a  bar  down  four  feet  in 
the  gravel,  while  there  was  good  slate  rock  on  each 
side  running  the  whole  length  of  bridge  that  made  me 
stud}'  some.  The  wise  ones  commenced  to  talk  again, 
saying,  “You  can't  build  a  bridge  there  that  will 
stay;”  tried  to  get  my  supervisor  to  stop  me  before  I 
broke  the  township  up,  etc.,  but  I  got  no  orders  to 
stop,  and  so  I  went  right  on,  being  more  determined 
now  than  ever  to  show  them  I  could  build  it.  I  quit 
hiring  the  old  fellows  who  were  firmly  “sot”  in  their 
ways  of  leaning  on  the  shovel  handle  telling  of  the 

good  old  times  and  the  way  they  did  things,  while 

younger  men  do  the  work.  I  got  a  crew  of  good 
hearty  young  farmer  boys.  I  believe  they  would 
have  run  that  hole  down  until  the  water  was  waist 

deep  if  I  had  asked  them  to.  When  I  found  I  could 

not  get  a  solid  foundation  in  the  center  of  the  creek 
bed  without  going  down  14  feet  below  the  road  bed 
I  had  to  abandon  my  first  plan  and  do  the  next  best 
that  I  could  think  of. 

BRIDGE  CONSTRUCTION.— As  the  stone  bridge 
was  wrecked  on  account  of  the  foundation  giving 
away  at  the  lower  end  I  knew  that  was  the  most 
important  part  of  the  work,  and  must  be  started 
right.  A  large  flat  stone  lay  in  the  creek  hed  a  few 
feet  below  where  I  wanted  to  start  the  bridge.  The 
stone  was  about  seven  feet  long,  2^4  feet  wide  and 
one  foot  thick,  and  I  think  would  weigh  a  ton.  We 
dug  a  place  for  it  out  of  this  gravel  in  center  of  lower 
end  of  bridge,  each  end  being  let  down  in  slate  rock 
by  hitching  on  the  big  fellow  with  ropes  and  tackle, 
and  with  five  good  fellows  to  pull  we  finally  got  it 
in  place.  Then  I  built  a  form  2 14  feet  wide,  12  feet 
long  and  eight  inches  thick,  and  made  a  cement  block 
right  on  top  of  the  stone.  I  then  commenced  laying 
in  the  bottom,  which  is  Telford  or  more  commonly 
called  cobbled.  The  first  stones  were  laid  firmly  on 
end  against  the  cement  block  at  lower  end  of  bridge, 
putting  a  little  cement  in  every  chink  or  open  place, 
as  the  bottom  was  laid.  As  the  stones  rested  against 
the  big  cement  block  at  lower  end  and  that  had  a 
stone  that  would  weigh  a  ton  under  it  I  thought  I  was 
started  right  at  any  rate.  Many  said  I  could  not  build 
a  bridge  in  that  place  that  would  stay;  one  man  went 
so  far  as  to  say  that  no  one  could.  Others  said  a 
hard  shower  would  come  along  and  tear  my  work  all 
out  before  it  would  set  properly,  etc.  Under  such 
conditions  one  very  naturally  goes  carefully ;  such 
was  my  case.  When  I  got  to  the  upper  end  I  placed 
another  cement  block  12  feet  long,  two  feet  wide  and 
six  inches  thick,  which  held  the  stone  bottom  in  place; 
both  ways  several  strands  of  barb  wire  were  placed 
in  the  cement  blocks  to  make  things  more  secure. 
The  side  walls  were  then  laid  in  cement  on  top  of 
this  11-foot  Telford  bottom,  side  walls  two  feet  thick, 
3 y2  feet  high,  which  left  me  a  seven-foot  span  for 
the  water  to  pass  through.  After  the  side  walls  were 
up  I  laid  a  cement  bottom  three  inches  thick  between 
the  side  walls  and  the  whole  length  of  bridge,  which 
is  20  feet.  The  cement  bottom  covers  up  the  cement 
blocks  at  ends  of  bridge  and  has  12’  strands  of  barb 
wire  in  it  for  reinforcement.  The  creek  bed  is  so 
completely  cemented  that  a  few  days  ago  during  the 
drought  a  little  stream  of  water  not  larger  than  a 
lead  pencil  was  trickling  through  the  bridge,  then  dis¬ 
appeared  again  in  the  dry  dusty  creek  bed  below. 
After  the  bottom  was  put  in  I  got  a  little  too  hot  one 
day  and  had  to  lie  in  the  shade  most  of  the  time  for 
two  weeks;  then  it  got  a  little  cooler  and  I  com¬ 
menced  work  again,  putting  in  the  forms  for  the 
cement  arch,  see  Fig.  375,  with  a  part  of  under  frame 
in  place  for  arches  to  rest  on,  one  arch  in  position  at 
upper  end.  You  will  also  notice  if  you  look  closely 


the  end  of  a  stout  log  chain  fastened  around  the 
upper  end  of  framework,  the  other  end  is  around  a 
big  oak  sleeper  in  the  wooden  bridge  above.  I  used 
every  precaution  to  avoid  any  catastrophe  that  many 
said  was  sure  to  overtake  me,  and  although  several 
good  floods  came  down  the  ravine,  I  was  always  pre¬ 
pared  for  it  and  they  did  no  damage. 

THE  MATERIAL. — The  old  stone  bridge  was 
built  of  limestone,  any  shape  and  size  imaginable, 
and  as  I  had  sorted  out  all  the  nice  big  ones  for  the 
side  walls,  laying  them  to  a  face  in  cement  one  part, 
two  sand,  I  now  had  them  broken  in  irregular  shapes 
and  sizes  in  order  to  get  a  sharp  clean  surface  for 
the  cement  to  adhere  to.  I  then  commenced  using  a 
mixture  of  the  following  proportions :  One  cement, 
two  sand,  two  ashes,  using  all  the  broken  stone  the 
cement  would  cover  nicely;  about  every  eight  inches 
one  or  two  strands  of  barb  wire  were  dropped  in  the 
cement  before  the  stones  were  put  in.  The  arch  was 
put  on  10  inches  thick,  reinforced  with  fencing,  put¬ 
ting  it  in  center  of  cement  and  covering  the  arch 
both  ways.  Directly  over  the  arch,  as  shown  in  Fig. 
376,  the  bridge  completed,  I  raised  the  wing  wall  one 
foot  higher  than  width  of  span,  or  seven  feet.  The 
railing  is  a  plan  of  my  own,  and  got  in  shape  by  the 
plumber,  and  is  made  of  l-)4-inch  galvanized  iron 
pipe;  posts  are  five  feet  long,  three  feet  from  top  of 
wall  to  top  of  upper  rail,  with  one  pipe  only  over  part 
that  is  higher  than  the  rest.  When  the  forms  were 
ready  to  be  taken  off  and  the  bridge  filled  in  ready 


DIAGRAM  OF  OHIO  STOCK  SHED.  FiG.  379. 

for  travel  I  ’phoned  to  the  supervisor  I  was  working 
under  that  I  was  going  to  unveil  the  “gas  plant,”  as 
some  of  the  croakers  had  named  it,  and  as  he  had  re¬ 
covered  from  his  long  illness  enough  to  admit  riding 
out  a  little,  he  came  out  in  the  afternoon  and  he 
actually  acted  as  tickled  as  a  boy  with  his  first  pair 
of  boots,  the  first  good  word  I  had  had  since  I  struck 
the  first  stroke. 

The  bridge  as  it  stands  is  20  feet  long,  7  foot  span, 
five  feet  four  inches  to  top  of  arch,  16^-foot  drive¬ 
way  on  top,  good  substantial  guard  rails,  and  cost 
about  $200  exclusive  of  excavations. 

The  second  bridge  is  built  on  the  same  plan,  with 
the  cement  bottom  omitted,  although  the  cement  block 
was  placed  at  each  end  of  foundations,  then  using 
the  Telford  bottom,  the  whole  foundation  resting  on 
good  hard  rock.  I  went  over  the  smaller  bridge  with 
a  broom  and  wash  of  thin  cement,  which  shows  the 
difference  in  the  color  very  plainly  in  Fig.  377.  I 
gave  the  larger  bridge  the  same  wash  to-day  after  a 
soaking  rain,  and  it  makes  quite  an  improvement  on 
the  work.  Six  tons  cement,  20  tons  sand,  and  about 
six  tons  ashes  were  used  on  the  larger  bridge.  The 
ashes  were  got  for  the  hauling  from  a  large  distillery, 
and  gave  good  satisfaction.  The  pictures  show  the 
importance  of  keeping  the  form  boards  level  from 
the  start;  if  started  with  the  slope  of  the  ground 
and  not  leveled  until  you  reach  the  top  the  work 
does  not  look  right.  The  smaller  bridge  also  shows 
the  importance  of  pushing  the  work  as  rapidly  as 
possible.  I  was  obliged  to  lay  off  one  day  when  I 
only  had  a  few  hours’  work  to  finish  it,  but  when  I 
went  back  the  day  after  the  hot  sun  had  warped  the 
top  of  the  form  so  badly  that  after  I  thought  I  had 
it  fixed  the  thin  cement  ran  down  over  the  edge  of 
the  dry  work  and  shows  in  the  picture  as  a  bad  place. 


but  only  spoils  the  looks  a  little.  I  have  my  road  all 
fixed  up  now,  and  nearly  everybody  happy  again. 
They  asked  me  to  go  over  in  another  part  of  the  dis¬ 
trict  and  built  a  still  bigger  one  along  different  lines, 
a  12-foot  span  18  feet  wide,  with  10-inch  steel  I 
beams,  concrete  top.  I  have  one  side  wall  down  and 
part  of  the  excavation  for  the  other  done,  but  we 
are  having  soaking  rains  now.  and  the  stream  is 
running  so  high  we  will  have  to  lay  off  a  few  days. 

Pennsylvania.  w.  a.  bangs. 

FEEDING-SHED  FOR  STOCK. 

The  open  shed  shown  in  Fig.  378  is  42  feet  long, 
28  wide  and  12  high ;  it  is  sided  and  sheathed  with 
mill  run  lumber  sawed  from  logs  cut  on  the  farm, 
and  is  roofed  with  three-ply  felt  roofing.  The  siding 
is  nailed  to  stringers  spiked  to  posts  set  on  cement 
blocks,  and  the  frame  is  well  braced  throughout.  The 
floor  plan,  Fig.  379,  shows  the  arrangement  of  mangers 
and  stalls.  The  gates  marked  X  in  the  drawing 
swing  back  between  the  posts  out  of  the  way  if  de¬ 
sired,  so  that  a  wagon  or  sled  may  be  driven  through, 
or  two  stalls  thrown  together.  This  shed  will  ac¬ 
commodate  16  horses  or  32  cattle  as  arranged,  while 
in  Summer  it  can  be  used  to  shelter  unthrashed  wheat 
or  Qtlrr  grain.  At  the  north  end  are  solid  doors, 
and  at  die  south  end  are  slatted  gates,  but  the  shed 
will  b  snug  and  warm  because  of  the  long  crib  on 
the  v  ‘St  side.  The  shed  is  on  the  farm  of  Chas. 
Evan  ,  Highland  Co.,  Ohio,  and  for  Winter  feeding 
will  certainly  prove  of  great  value.  It  has  one  great 
fault;  there  is  no  provision  for  storing  rough  feed 
near  at  hand.  w.  e.  duckwall. 

Ohio. 


THE  FRUIT  BUSINESS. 

Out  on  the  Pacific  coast  the  fruit  business  has  de¬ 
veloped  many  new  features.  Here  is  a  reproduction 
of  the  letter  head  used  by  one  of  our  correspondents. 
This  man  takes  contracts  for  spraying,  pruning,  mak¬ 
ing  root-grafts  or  about  anything  else  connected  with 
the  care  of  an  orchard.  With  a  gang  of  careful 
workmen  he  is  prepared  to  handle  about  anything  in 
the  fruit  growing  line.  The  time  may  not  have  come 
when  similar  work  would  prosper  in  the  Eastern 
States,  but  it  is  near  at  hand. 


Pruning 

PAUL  G.  KRUGER 

Ktrose  ne 

Spraying 

Top-Grafting 

Horticulturist  •w  Orchard  Specialist 

Emulsion 

to. 

Budding 

Orchards  Taken  Care  of  for  the 

Woo  ley  Aphis 

and  Sitting  Oat 

Entire  Season,  Under  Contract . 

CnmUM  In,,,  1^,4, 

Orchards 

ROOT  GRAFTS  MADE  TO  ORDER 

U, ..,J  >.  0,4— 

SMITH,  THE  SOAP  SWINDLER. 

1  saw  a  reference  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  a  soap  swindler 
who  calls  himself  Smith.  This  same  man  was  in  Green- 
ville,  Pa.,  swindling  the  farmers’  wives,  taking  $100 

from  this  place.  He  got  $10  from  me.  I  send  you  the 

letter  I  got  from  him  a  few  days  after  he  was  here.  I 

don’t  expect  ever  to  get  my  money  back  ;  I  only  wish  he 

could  be  put  where  he  belongs  before  he  robs  other  poor 
people.  e.  M. 

Pennsylvania. 

This  is  the  same  old  swindling  game.  The  “agent” 
usually  offers  the  soap  at  a  low  price  and  “gives”  a 
carpet  or  some  other  premium.  He  gets  the  money 
and  clears  out,  and  the  great  premium  never  shows 
up.  At  Fig.  380  is  a  photograph  of  the  receipt  which 
this  agent  left  with  E.  M.  She  finally  wrote  this 
“Armour  Swift  Soap  Co.,”  and  received  this  note, 
without  date  or  definite  post  office: 

On  account  of  having  a  slight  fire  in  our  storage  ware- 
house,  we  will  be  about  10  days  or  two  weeks  behind  in 
our  delivery. 

This  is  merely  a  printed  circular,  but  is  all  the 
“carpet”  that  will  ever  be  delivered.  A  letter  was 
written  to  Armour  &  Co.  asking  if  they  had  any  con- 

tfew  York  Boston  Philadelphia 


ARMOUR  SWIFT  SOAP  CO.,  Ltd. 

American  Selling  Agents  for 

LAURENT  FILS  ET  CIE,  PARIS,  FRANCE 

Premiums  and  Soap  shown  by  our  Agents  are 
guaranteed  as  represented,  if  not  money  wilt 
be  refunded  by  manager. 

No  agent  allowed  over  six  special  premiums  in  one  week 
remiutrfs  irfth  Cl  Carfh  Orders 

m.  No.-  \:Ot> ....?  L 


->Jy^a  Premiui 

Name 
Prem.  No 
Ext.  •  l-'s*"*. 


Paid 

Del- Month 
R.F.D 
Agt.  No.- 

Return  soap  wrappers  to  Manager  only  at  th<> 
time  when  premiums  are  delivered’. 

No  Agent  Allowed  to  sell  over  one  order  to  a  family. 

LTHE  SOAP  SWINDLER’S  RECEIPT.  Fig.  380. 


nection  with  this  matter.  Their  lawyer  replies  that 
there  is  no  such  concern  as  the  Armour-Swift  Soap 
Co.  They  say  this  Smith  is  undoubtedly  an  imposter. 
Of  course  he  is,  and  a  cheap  one  at  that.  We  can¬ 
not  see  how  any  reader  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  could  ever 
be  soft-soaped  in  this  way,  for  we  have  exposed 
this  scheme  many  times.  Some  woman  should  throw 
a  bucketful  of  hot  soapsuds  over  this  Smith  when 
he  offers  his  soap  and  carpets.  Then  her  husband 
or  brother  should  kick  him  through  the  gate  and  let 
the  dog  do  the  rest. 


1911. 


THli  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


©60 


STATE  PLANTING  OF  ROADSIDE  TREES. 

1  should  be  glad  to  get  your  opinion  on  a  plan  by 
which  the  State  would  undertake  to  plant  the  road¬ 
sides  of  all  our  improved  roads  with  shade  trees. 
The  writer  has  sounded  quite  a  number  of  tax¬ 
payers  who  are  favorably  disposed  toward  the  scheme. 
Compared  with  the  cost,  the  effect  and  the  results 
obtained  would  represent  an  economical  and  satisfac¬ 
tory  use  of  public  money.  With  the  rapidly  vanish¬ 
ing  forests,  if  all  our  improved  roadsides  were 
fringed  with  rapidly  growing  trees,  selected  with  a 
view  to  their  adaptability  to  the  different  and  varying 
localities  with  reference'  to  soil  and  exposure,  etc., 
the  trees  so  planted  would,  in  time,  exercise  a  bene¬ 
ficial  influence  in  equalizing  climate  and  serve  as  a 
wind-break  as  well — tempering  the  cold  blasts  of 
Winter.  The  weary  and  dust-begrimed  wayfarer,  be 
he  pedestrian  or  tourist  in  hot  Summer  days,  would 
welcome  the  balmy  zephyrs  that  greet  one  under  the 
spreading  branches  of  a  noble  shade  tree.  Such  a 
system  scientifically  adopted  and  energetically  pur¬ 
sued  would  in  time  to  come  make  of  our  hot  blistering 
stone  and  brick  roads  shady  avenues  of  travel — “a 
thing  of  beauty  and  a  joy  forever."  ■  Posterity  would 
feel  grateful  for  our  judgment  and  foresight,  and 
we  could  take  pride  in  an  undertaking  that  would  re¬ 
dound  to  our  credit  and  stand  as  a  monument  to  our 
unselfish  zeal  and  devotion  to  nature  and  to  nature’s 
art.  „  c.  F.  BLEY. 

New  York. 

R-  N.-Y. — We  offer  a  chance  to  discuss  the  matter. 
We  doubt  if  the  State  should  be  asked  to  do  this. 
It  seems  more  of  a  work  for  the  townships  or  local 
owners.  We  find  there  are  two  sides  to  this  question 
of  roadside  trees.  Some  farmers  seriously  object  to 
them.  Others  prefer  to  plant  apple  or  cherry  trees 
in  such  places.  It  is  a  good  subject.  Let  us  hear 
from  the  jury. 


SALE  OF  FOREIGN  PRODUCE. 

I  have  a  friend,  a  Sicilian,  whom  1  know  to  he  very 
honest  and  reliable.  His  father  in  Sicily  owns  a  lemon 
grove,  and  the  son  would  like  to  aid  the  father  in  dispos¬ 
ing  of  the  crop  in  a  way  to  give  them  as  great  a  profit  as 
possible.  Will  you  advise  him  the  name  of  a  firm  to  whom 
they  could  be  consigned,  or  who  would  purchase  the  lemons 
outright,  probably  200  boxes?  w.  L. 

_  New  York. 

Practically  all  lemons  are  sold  at  auction.  Sam¬ 
ples  of  the  various  lines  are  exhibited  and  the  fruit 
has  to  come  up  to  them  or  be  rejected.  In  this  way 
both  buyers  and  sellers  know  what  they  are  doing, 
and  the  business  is  on  a  responsible  basis.  It  is  out 
of  the  question  to  deal  with  small  retailers  here. 
Most  of  them  would  rather  buy  through  the  auction, 
but  even  though  they  would  receive  the  fruit  di¬ 
rect,  they  could  easily  and  safely  take  advantage  of 
the  shipper  in  the  matter  of  price  and  quality.  Large 
retailers  could  handle  such  business,  but  there  would 
be  no  object  in  their  doing  it  unless  lemons  were 
very  scarce.  If  they  buy  through  the  auction  they  are 
dealing  with  responsible  people  and  the  pack  is  guar¬ 
anteed.  The  only  object  in  buying  the  fruit  direct 
would  be  to  get  it  cheaper,  and  this  would  defeat  the 
purpose  of  the  grower  in  trying  to  sell  that  way.  It 
costs  money  to  handle  and  sell  such  foreign  produce 
in  New  York,  and,  at  present,  the  established  chan- 


FOR  THE  WOMEN  AND  CHILDREN.  Fig.  381. 


nels  of  trade,  wholesale,  retailer,  commission  matt 
jjnd  auction,  are  the  cheapest  means  of  doing  the 
business.  Competition  in  all  of  these  selling  lines 
is  so  sharp  that  a  selling  agreement  or  trust  is  not 
feasible.  Until  we  get  parcels  post,  or  organiza¬ 
tions  of  producers,  like  the  Grange,  are  willing  to  put 
money  into  warehouses  and  retail  stores  in  the  large 
cities,  selling  goods  direct  to  the  city  consumer  will 
be  impractical.  .  It  might  be  possible  to  sell  apples, 
potatoes  or  similar  produce  by  coming  here  with  the 
goods  and  hunting  up  customers,  but  that  would  not 
do  for  foreign  produce,  especially  such  small  lots. 


A  MOUNTED  LADDER. 


Every  year  there  is  a  discussion  about  the  best 
form  of  ladder  for  picking  the  fruit  from  high  trees. 
Such  a  ladder  must  be  light  and  steady  and  easy  to 


FRUIT  PICKER’S  LADDER  ON  WHEELS.  Fig.  382. 

carry  about.  The  following,  pictured  at  Fig.  382,  is 
a  new  proposition,  said  to  work  well : 

I  am  sending  a  photograph  of  a  27-foot  ladder  mounted 
on  old  tedder  wheels.  This  is  so  nicely  balanced  it  can 
l>e  moved  easily  anywhere  by  one  man,  where  formerly  it 
took  two  men  to  raise  it.  This  is  like  the  ladders  used 
in  the  California  orchards.  dairyman’s  wife. 

Massachusetts. 


THOSE  “GRADUATE”  CONFESSIONS  AND 
PROPOSITIONS. 

On  page  895  “College  Graduate’’  indulges  in  cer¬ 
tain  "reflections’' — that  are  also  a  confession — and 
launches  a  proposition.  The  whole  makes  mighty  in¬ 
teresting  reading  to  anyone  also  disposed  to  reflect 
and  furthermore  to  analyze.  The  writer  has  con¬ 
tended  for  years  that  conditions  are  such  that  farm¬ 
ers  cannot  live  decently,  support  their  families  prop¬ 
erly  and  pay  their  way.  If  they  borrow  their  capital 
it  is  impossible ;  if  they  own  their  capital  they  can 
do  it  only  at  the  expense  of  getting  no  income  from 
it.  The  answer  has  been  that  it  is  because  the  farm¬ 
ers  are  unscientific!  "Graduate,”  though  “Scientific,” 
confesses  that  he  can’t  do  it  either,  and  neither  can 
the  rest  of  his  fellow  graduates.  As  a  statement  of 
important  fact  this  confession  is  interesting,  however 
unnecessary.  It  is  a  refutation  of  the  illogical  non¬ 
sense  that  scientific  agriculture  enabling  larger  pro¬ 
duction  of  better  goods  is  the  solution  of  the  farm¬ 
er's  prosperity. 

Of  his  graduating  class  he  says,  “Where  are  we 
now?  Scattered  through  all  the  States,  Canada, 
South  America  and  South  Africa;  employed  by  the 
Government,  corporations  and  private  land  holders. 
Only  a  few  do  I  recall  working  their  own  farms.” 
“Why  do  we  not  buy  cheap  farms,  go  in  debt,  begin 
in  a  small  way,  and  work  to  independence?”  His 
answer  is,  in  brief,  that  they  can't  do  it  and  live  de¬ 
cently  in  the  meantime — precisely  the  same  thing  that 
ails  the  rest  of  us — “hampered  for  lack  of  capital.” 
As  a  remedy  for  this  he  proposes  that  the  State 
after  educating  the  agricultural  graduate  to  expensive 
methods  and  high  ideals  should  also  set  him  up  in 
business  with  equipment  corresponding  with  those 
ideals  and  methods  at  a  moderate  rate  of  interest  on 
capital  advanced.  The  result  aimed  at  by  the  State 
is  to  be  “maximum  production”  by  the  subsidized 
college  graduate  and  also  by  the  surrounding  fann¬ 
ers,  who  seeing  their  good  works  will  be  led  to 
adopt  their  methods;  and  make  food  products  plenty 
and  cheap.  The  reasons  from  the  standpoint  of  the 
State  are  the  same  essentially  as  so  blandly  stated 
by  President  Taft  for  the  admission  of  Canadian 
farm  products  to  competition  with  ours — it  would 
“broaden  and  deepen”  our  sources  of  food  supply! 

The  subsidizing  of  Canadian  farmers  similarly  by 
loans  by  the  Canadian  Government  is  cited.  Tf  the 
subject  were  not  so  vital  and  serious  it  would  cer¬ 
tainly  be  funny  for  the  grotesqueness  of  the  position 
of  the  plain  farmer  under  these  two  propositions  to 
“broaden  and  deepen”  the  sources  of  the  food  supply! 
For  the  plain  farmers  would  then  have  to  compete 
with  the  subsidized  farmers  of  Canada  under  reci¬ 
procity,  and  also  compete  with  the  subsidized  college 
graduates.  And  at  the  same  time  they  are  to  be 
allured  into  methods  of  farming  by  these  proposed 
State  stool-pigeons  which  these  same  State  stool- 
pigeons  would  virtually  admit  that  they  themselves 
cannot  carry  out  without  outside  financial  help !  But 
this  is  right  in  line  with  the  present  governmental 
policy!  Anything  to  make  farm  produce  cheap  to 
the  cities — never  mind  the  farmer!  On  the  other 
hand  anything  to  keep  up  the  price  of  manufactures. 
Anything  to  drive  men  from  the  country — anything 
to  crowd  the  cities  and  enrich  a  few  therein.  Our 
public  men  extend  their  sympathies  and  good  wishes 
to  farmers,  but  give  city  interests  their  votes. 

Litchfield  Co.,  Conn.  a.  wf.tmore. 


A  PROBLEM  OF  FARM  DRAINING. 

I  have  about  15  acres  of  my  farm  that  I  am  obliged  to 
drain  through  my  neighbor’s  farm.  We  tried  a  six-inch 
tile,  but  found  it  would  take  a  two-foot  sewer  to  handle 
the  water  when  a  freshet  conies.  He  thinks  it  would 
not  be  fair  for  him  to  make  or  have  an  open  ditch  unless 
I  open  up  one  which  comes  in  front  of  my  door  80  rods 
long.  I  also  have  to  handle  the  road  water  which  goes 
through  his  farm  also.  By  using  live,  six  and  10-inch 
tile  I  can  handle  it  nicely  without  an  open  ditch.  What 
would  you  think  would  be  a  fair  way  to  settle  this,  or 
do  I  have  to  buy  my  outlet?  Diagram  shows  the  land. 

G.  e.  c. 

I  understand  that  the  neighbor  is  willing  to  have 
an  open  ditch  across  his  farm  if  G.  E. 'C.  will  make 
one  on  his  where  10-inch  tile  is  marked  on  the  chart, 
but  I  fail  to  see  why  he  prefers  to  have  the  water 
brought  to  him  in  an  open  ditch,  unless  the  topo¬ 
graphy  of  the  two  farms  would  cause  surface  flood¬ 
ing  from  G.  E.  C.  onto  the  other  farm.  This  could 
be  overcome  by  an  open  ditch  along  the  line  fence, 
where  it  would  be  less  objectionable.  I  think  the 
estimate  for  a  24-inch  pipe  is  a  very  extravagant  one. 
A  12-inch  pipe  will  carry  the  water  from  the  10,  six 
and  five-inch  if  given  the  same  grade,  but  if  the 
smaller  tile  receive  surface  water  direct  through  wells 
or  filter  sinks  then  a  14-inch  might  be  needed  to  pro¬ 
vide  for  the  added  surface  water  that  would  come 
direct  into  it  at  its  union  with  the  others.  A  14-inch 
tile  will  with  ordinary  grades  carry  nearly  one-half 
more  water  than  a  12-inch  of  the  same  grade,  and  a 
16-inch  has  more  than  twice  the  capacity  of  a  12-inch. 
If  the  water  is  brought  to  the  upper  part  of  the  sys¬ 
tem  through  under  drains  then  only  12-inch  will  be 
needed,  as  the  flow  there  will  have  spent  its  force 
before  the  upper  system  becomes  charged  to  its  full 
capacity.  From  what  I  can  learn  from  the  letter  and 
chart  l  would  advise  taking  up  the  six-inch  that 
“has  been  weighed  in  the  balance  and  found  want¬ 
ing;,”  and  put  a  12  or  14-inch  there.  Of  course  I 
have  no  data  from  which  to  determine  the  amount 
of  surface  water  that  comes  from  G.  E.  C.  to  this 
neighbor,  but  from  their  having  tried  a  six-inch  and 
then  concluded  that  it  needed  a  24-inch  (which  has 
more  than  30  times  the  capacity)  I  assume  they  are 
not  figuring  closely,  and  perhaps  do  not  appreciate 
how  much  faster  water  runs  in  large  volumes.  Of 
course  there  should  be  a  screened  well  at  head  of 
the  large  conduit  to  receive  surface  water  and  con- 


DIAGRAM  OF  DRAINAGE.  Fig.  383. 

nect  the  upper  system  with  it.  It  is  difficult  for  me 
(unacquainted  as  I  am  with  the  comparative  needs 
and  desires  of  drainage  with  the  two  parties)  to  form 
a  correct  opinion  of  a  fair  adjustment  of  the  ex¬ 
pense  of  the  lower  ditch.  It's  a  thing  I  am  up  against 
very  often  in  my  work  of  farm  draining  engineer¬ 
ing.  Last  season  in  Oswego  County  I  had  to  go  700 
feet  across  another  farm  to  get  an  outlet.  This  was 
through  land  all  the  way  that  needed  draining  and 
so  thought  the  owner,  but  he  wasn’t  ready  financially 
to  take  up  the  work,  so  would  only  give  right  of 
way,  and  my  owner  stood  the  expense.  On  the  pro¬ 
ject  where  we  are  working  now  in  Orleans  County, 
to  avoid  going  a  half  mile  across  another  farm,  with 
a  10-inch  outlet  1  brought  it  out  shallow  at  the  road¬ 
side  and  have  used  between  one  and  two  hundred 
dollars  plowing  and  scraping  in  over  the  tile  and 
grading  back. 

If  G.  E.  C.  puts  an  open  ditch  along  the  line  fence 


A  PROFITABLE  FARM  PARTNER,  Fig.  384. 


if  needed  to  conduct  surface  flow  to  the  well  and 
stop  flooding  the  other  farm,  then  it  would  seem 
fair  for  the  other  party  to  take  it  across  his  farm, 
either  in  a  conduit  of  suitable  size  or  an  open  ditch 
of  suitable  depth  for  an  outlet  for  G.  E.  C.  If  open 
ditch,  then  no  well  is  required,  provided  the  other 
party  could  not  see  it  this  way.  The  next  step 
would  point  to  the  original  cooperative  plan,  as  with 
the  six-inch.  Above  is  chart  explaining  my  opinion 
of  a  plan  with  the  open  ditch  along  the  fence.  G.  E. 
C.  failed  to  mark  the  five-inch,  so  I  do  not  know  its 
location.  j.  f.  van  schoonhoven. 


0OO 


'■■vTHEC  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


September  :i0. 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[  Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
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attention.  Before  asking  a  question,  please  seo 
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Put  questions  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper.] 


Flowing  Under  Pea  Vines. 

(J.  IP.  S.j  Carlisle,  Pa. — When  would  you 
advise  the  plowing  under  of  Canadian  field 
peas,  about  the  time  they  are  in  bloom  or 
later  when  the  stalks  begin  to  turn  yellow, 
or  still  later?  Would  field  peas  benefit  the 
soil  in  the  «vay  of  adding  nitrogen  if  left 
till  they  go  to  seed  and  remain  on  the 
ground  all  Winter  till  Spring,  and  then 
plowed  down?  When  would  you  plow  cow 
peas  under,  at  what  stage  of  growth,  and 
how  would  these  be  if  left  on  the  ground 
ail  Winter  and  plow<Kl  under  In  the  Spring? 

Ans. — It  would  depend  somewhat  on 
the  crop  to  follow  the  peas.  Sometimes 
a  week  or  10  days  gained  would  have 
the  following  crop  of  fodder  corn,  truck 
or  millet.  If  the  peas  are  seeded  in 
early  Spring  we  should  plow  under 
when  the  seed  is  forming  in  the  pods. 
If  it  be  a  late  seeding,  ripening  at  about 
this  time  we  should  let  the  vines  ripen 
and  turn  yellow.  We  do  not  think  it 
would  be  economy  to  let  the  pea  vines 
remain  on  the  ground  all  Winter.  In 
our  experience,  when  this  is  done  you 
lose  most  of  the  leaves,  which  drop 
off  and  blow  away.  Therefore  both 
with  Canada  and  cow  peas  we  should 
let  the  crop  ripen  seed,  plow  under  and 
sow  rye  or  vetch  and  rye  to  hold  the 
soil  through  the  Fall. 

Fertilizer  for  an  Orchard. 

</.  IF.  A.,  Boise,  Idaho. — What  kind  of 
commercial  fertilizer  is  used  to  promote 
wood  growth  on  apple  trees?  Do  you  use 
the  same  fertilizer  to  promote  fruit  growth? 

Ans. — Of  the  three  elements  of  plant 
food  bought  in  commercial  fertilizers 
nitrogen  is  the  one  which  most  rapidly 
promotes  growth  of  wood.  Potash  and 
phosphoric  acid  are  both  necessary,  but 
they  have  greater  inflifencc  upon  seed 
formation,  shape,  quality  or  color. 
Unless  you  are  sure  that  the  soil  con¬ 
tains  all  these  elements  in  fair  abund¬ 
ance  you  should  use  a  mixture  of  all 
three.  In  some  cases  where  clover  or 
similar  crops  are  plowed  under,  or 
where  large  quantities  of  manure  are 
used,  not  much  nitrogen  is  needed. 
Usually  a  fair  supply  of  it  must  he  pro¬ 
vided.  What  to  buy  will  depend  on 
the  prices  charged  for  the  various  ma¬ 
terials.  Some  very  successful  Eastern 
growers  use  a  mixture  of  three  parts 
fine  ground  bone  and  one  part  muriate 
of  potash.  If  the  trees  show  by  lack 
of  growth  or  color  that  they  need  more 
nitrogen,  nitrate  of  soda  is  added. 

w.  H. 


Winter  Oats. 

I  hear  of  a  variety  of  oats  which  can  be 
seeded  in  the  Fall  as  we  seed  rye  or  wheat. 
It  is  said  to  live  through  the  Winter  and 
make  a  good  c.'op  in  Spring.  Is  this  true, 
and  would  you  advise  me  to  sow  such  oats 
In  place  of  wheat?  J.  m’k. 

Warren  Co.,  N.  J. 

The  statement  is  true  for  a  large  part  of 
the  Southern  States.  Do  not  seed  Winter 
oats  in  your  latitude.  The  crop  will  not 
live  through  the  Winter.  In  Farmers’  Bul¬ 
letin  No.  430,  of  Department  of  Agriculture 
at  Washington,  you  will  find  a  full  report 
on  Winter  oats.  There  are  three  varieties 
which  may  be  seeded  in  ttie  Fall.  The 
Northern  limit  for  safety  will  run  about  to 
the  middle  of  Delaware.  We  have  seeded 
them  in  Northern  New  Jersey.  They  made 
a  thick,  lawn-like  growtli  through  the  Fall, 
but  in  every  case  the  Winter  killed  them. 
This  always  happened.  We  have  never 
carried  a  single  plant  through  alive.  Seeded 
with  rye  they  gave  a  fair  Fall  pasture, 
killing  out  In  Winter,  while  the  rye  comes 
through.  In  some  few  cases  fruit  growers 
call  for  a  “cover  crop”  which  will  hold 
the  soil  iu  the  Fall  and  die  out  in  Winter, 
so  it  will  not  be  necessary  to  plow  under  a 
heavy  Spring  crop.  The  Winter  oat  will 
answer  such  a  purpose  well,  but  do  not 
seed  this  grain  in  the  North,  expecting  to 
see  it  alive  in  Spring. 

Some  strawberry  growers  sow  oats  among 
the  berry  plants  in  September,  depending 
on  the  straw  to  serve  as  mulch.  It  has 
been  suggested  that  the  Southern  Winter 
oats  might  be  better  for  this  purpose,  since 
they  grow  closer  and  make  a  thick  mat  on 
the  ground.  Here  are  a  few  opinions. 
We  do  not  like  this  form  of  mulching: 

Yes,  I  am  sure  our  Winter  oats  would 
prove  superior  to  the  Spring  oats,  as  it 
produces  more  sedge,  or  bottom  growth. 

North  Carolina.  it.  p.  m’anally. 

I  do  not  believe  our  Winter  oats  would 
remain  green  in  your  climate,  and  would 
not  expect  them  to  do  as  well  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  wanted  as  Spring  oats,  as  they  grow 
closer  to  ttie  ground,  making  a  fine  turf, 
but  not  as  much  growth  as  would  the 
Spring  oats  in  the  same  time. 

Virginia  Station.  lyma.v  casiuer. 


If  the  Virginia  Winter  turf  oats  are 
sown  thickly  early  in  September  they  will 
certainly  make  a  fine  mulch  crop,  provided 
they  do  not  winter  over.  These  oats  are 
very  hardy  and  will  certainly  live  till 
Christmas  with  you,  and  if  the  Winter  is 
mild  they  may  live  through.  I  have  had 
them  endure  zero  weather  in  the  Virginia 
mountains.  Hence  the  only  difficulty  would 
be  that  they  might  strike  an  unusually  mild 
Winter  and  live  through.  Ordinarily  I  sup¬ 
pose  that:  they  would  be  killed  about  mid¬ 
winter  North.  If  this  is  the  case  1  believe 
that  they  would  be  better  than  the  ordinary 
Spring  oats  for  growing  a  mulch.  They 
live  well  iu  Central  and  Southern  New  Jer¬ 
sey.  W.  F.  MASSEY. 

A  few  words  about  sowing  oats  as  a 
mulching  crop  on  strawberries.  I  had  5,000 
plants  last  Fail,  hill  -  system,  Stevens 
Date,  Glen  Mary,  a  few  Senator  Dunlap. 
They  were  looking  fine  August  15,  when  I 
sowed  oats  in  them  for  mulch.  September 
was  wet  and  warm  :  also  October,  without 
frost  to  kill  down  the  oats,  consequently  It 
grew  so  rank  it  nearly  smothered  the  plants, 
and  they  were  all  bleaching  out.  1  had  a 
man  mow  the  oats  with  a  scythe  just  above 
the  tops  of  the  straw  berries,  which  helped 
some.  Sowing  oats  in  strawberries  Is  a 
poor  proposition,  especially  if  the  Fall  is 
warm  and  wet.  and  even  with  the  rank 
growth  of  oats  the  mulch  was  not  sufficient 
in  my  case,  as  more  had  to  be  supplied  in 
late  Winter;  also  I  believe  the  yield  of 
strawberries  was  much  reduced. 

Ohio.  GEO.  B.  SMITH. 


APPLE  PRICES. 

We  have  seen  no  buyers  here  for  apples ; 
It  may  he  a  little  early  yet.  There  are  not 
as  many  apples  in  this  locality  as  last 
year.  Quality  is  not  as  good.  J.  e. 

Shorborn,  Mass. 

There  have  boon  no  sales  of  apples  so 
far  in  my  community,  something  quite  un¬ 
usual  so  late  in  the  season.  The  growers 
are  rather  inclined  to  put  their  apples  in 
cold  storage  than  take  low  prices. 

Rosoland.  Va.  w.  M.  B. 

There  was  about  one-third  crop  of  Win¬ 
ter  apples  on  the  trees  when  picking  began  ; 
no  market  yet  for  barrel  stock  ;  dry-houses 
prices  are  from  10  cents  a  bushel  for  chops 
up  to  one  cent  a  pound  for  picked,  v.  n. 

Marion,  N.  Y. 

Buyers  are  paying  from  25  to  45  cents 
per  bushel.  There  are  not  many  first-class 
apples  in  our  neighborhood.  I  bought  an 
orchard  of  200  to  300  bushels  for  .$45.  but 
there  are  not  many  first-class  apples  in  it. 

Spring  City,  Pa.  M.  y. 

I  have  heard  of  no  sales  of  apples  in  this 
vicinity  except  at  dry  houses  and  canning 
factories,  which  are  offering  70  cents  per 
100  pounds,  and  taking  everything  and 
shaking  them  off.  Farmer  draws  them.  The 
buyers  of  picked  fruit  seem  to  be  holding 
back.  Some  farmers  are  picking  their 
Greenings.  About  half  of  the  farmers  arc 
selling  in  this  locality.  F.  c.  R. 

Maeedon,  N.  Y. 

Wo  have  had  more  buyers  here  this  Fall 
than  usual,  but  there  have  been  no  sales, 
except  one  small  crop  of  Pippins,  including 
a  white  apple  similar  to  the  Pippin,  which 
had  been  struck  by  hail.  The  buyers  paid 
$3  per  barrel,  the  grower  furnished  the 
barrels.  I  beard  of  a  sale  in  Hoanoke  of  a 
crop  of  Pippins  at  $4.50  per  barrel  for  flic 
No.  1  down  to  21/>  inches,  the  buyers  fur¬ 
nished  the  barrel,  but  I  do  not  know  posi¬ 
tively  whether  it  is  true.  Most  of  the  grow¬ 
ers  around  here  are  going  to  store  unless 
they  can  get  around  $4  for  their  Pippins. 

Covcsviilo,  Va.  j.  j.  b. 

The  apple  crop  in  Washington  County 
is  the  nearest  to  a  complete  failure  in  my 
recollection.  My  crop  is  about  20  per  cent., 
and  it  looks  as  though  there  would  be  local 
demand  for  every  barrel.  Farmers  that 
usually  sell  from  50  to  200  barrels  ai’o 
buying  for  their  own  use,  and  some  of  them 
say  that  there  is  not  an  apple  in  their 
orchards.  We  have  sold  all  the  Fall  varie¬ 
ties  at  $3  per  barrel  in  the  orchard,  with¬ 
out  the  package.  Probably  the  minimum 
price  for  tile  Winter  stork  %vill  be  $2.50. 
It  will  be  useless  for  dealers  to  come  into 
this  section  ;  there  is  no  fruit  to  buy. 

Fly  Summit.  N.  Y.  n.  l.  b. 

The  main  crop  of  apples  that  will  go 
into  barrels  has  not  started  for  market, 
though  some  orchards  have  been  sold  at 
around  $2.25  to  $2.50  per  barrel.  Green¬ 
ings,  per  barrel,  $1.50;  per  100  pounds  at 
canning  factories.  $1.  all  varieties;  tree 
ran,  over  two  inches.  Evaporators  are 
paying  20  to  30  rents  per  hundred.  Pears, 
$2.75  to  $3.50  per  barrel ;  peaches,  30  to 
SO  cents  per  basket.  Plums  and  prunes 
have  brought  $1  to  $1.50  per  bushel.  Hail 
stones  and  heavy  winds  have  damaged  the 
apples  to  greater  or  less  extent  in  this 
section.  My  opinion  is  that  first  quality 
red  apples  will  bring  $3  later.  b.  s. 

Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y. 

The  fruit  buyers  are  offering  for  prime 
A  No.  1  stock  :  Greenings,  firsts  and  sec¬ 
onds.  50  to  57  cents;  Baldwins,  firsts  and 
seconds,  45  to  50  cents  ;  Kings  and  Twenty 
Ounce,  $1.50  to  $2  per  barrel.  There  is 
one  large  orchard  here  next  to  me  esti¬ 
mated  at.  40.000  bushels  that  has  sold  for 
$2  per  barrel,  barrel  Included  and  delivered 
at  railroad ;  an  orchard  of  0,000  bushels 
sold  at  57  cents  per  bushel  delivered.  Pears, 
1  Vj  and  two  cents  for  Bartletts  and 
Kleffers.  Peaches  brought  from  60  to  70 
cents  per  basket  for  Crawfords  and  El- 
berthas;  other  varieties,  40  cents.  A  great 
number  of  orchards  are  not  sold  yet:,  as 
the  farmers  think  the  price  will  tic  higher. 
The  buyers  claim  they  are  offering  the 
very  highest  price  that  will  lie  paid  and 
dont  seem  disposed  to  load  up  very  heavy 
at  the  foregoing  prices.  There  is  large 
crop  of  all  kinds  of  apples  here,  especially 
Greenings.  The  quality  is  the  finest  in 
years.  Pears,  peaches,  etc.,  are  also  large. 

Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y.  j.  a.  m. 


Printed  on  one  end  as  above.  Size  18  inches  long, 
11  *3  inches  wide,  IO’-j  inches  deep 

Best  grades  of  apples  bring  most  money  when 
properly  packed  in  boxes 

PRICE,  $12  PER  HUNDRED 

Apple  Wrappers  and  Box  Linings,  !)  Rents  per  lb. 
Corrugated  Barrel  Caps,  Improved  Apple  Cushions, 
etc..  Coles  Improved  Oak  l’icking  Baskets 


IMPROVED  APPLE  BOXES 

Shipped  Knock 
Down 


“The  Box  with 
the  Bulge " 


COLES 

Established  1884 


COMPANY 

109  WARREN  SL,  NEW  YORK 


MR.  FARMER 

Thousands  of  progressive 

farmers  are  buying  Harley- 
Davidson  Motorcycles  this 
year.  Buying  them  because  they 
travel  10  miles  for  a  cent,  less 
than  the  wear  and  tear  on  their 
team  and  rig  if  they  drive. 

Buying  them  because  they 
make  any  trip  in  one-fifth  the 
time  consumed  driving. 

Buying  Harley-Davidsons  be¬ 
cause  they  have  proven  them¬ 
selves  to  be  the  most  economical 
machines  made  at  any  price. 

The  Harley-Davidson  holds  the 
’World’s  record  for  economy  be¬ 
sides  innumerable  speed  records. 

It  is  the  only  machine  which 
has  ever  been  awarded  a  1000  +  5 
score  and  the  diamond  medal  in 
an  endurance  contest. 

Nearly  one-third  of  all  the 
motorcycles  sold  in  America  arc 
Harley-Davidsons.  Made  and 
guaranteed  by  the  largest  exclus¬ 
ive  motorcycle  factory  in  the 
world.  Send  for  literature. 

HARLEY-DAVIDSON  MOTOR  CO. 
MILWAUKEE,  ,--35.  106 

WiS.  B-ST. 


I 


Old  Jack  Frost  is  death  on 
cheap  nails.  But  —  he  has  abso¬ 
lutely  no  effect  onM.I.  E  CO.  Nails.  He 
cannot  make  them  rust, 
vioustothe  attacks  of 
and  salt  sea  air.  That 


They  are  imper- 
rain,  snow,  sleet 
s  because  — 


They  are  cut  from  refined  iron  and 
heavily  coated  with  pure  zinc.  They  will 
last  as  long  as  the  toughest  wood,  and  by 
remaining  clean,  do  not  rot  the  wood  in 
which  they  are  driven. 

M.  I.  P.  CO.  Nails  are  sold  by  your 
deuler  in  convenient  25  and  50  lb.  boxes. 
If  he  isn’t  supplied  write  us  for  the  name 
of  the  nearest  one  who  is  and  our  inter¬ 
esting  book,  “Nail  Knowledge.”  It  will 
be  sent  free. 

Malleable  Iron  Fittings  Co. 

Dept.  L,  Branford,  Conn. 


M I F  CO 

ZINC  COATED  NAILS 


JONES  SEED  WHEAT 

Pure  anil  Well  Cleaned.  ">St.  Louis  Grand  I’rizo”  and 
"Rod  Wave.”  Two  of  the  best  yielding  and  fly  re¬ 
sisting  wheats  grown.  Send  for  samples  and  prices 

to  J.  N.  McPHERSON,  Pine  View  Farm,  Scottsviile.  N.  Y 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  got  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


AS  PRAGTIGAL  AS  IT  LOOKS 


SELECTED  MATERIALS  AND 
SKILLED  WORKMANSHIP 


Twenty-seven  Years  of  Constant  Manu¬ 
facture  has  produced 

The  Parsons  “Low-Down”  Milk  Wagon 

Ask  for  Catalog  “D” 

THE  PARSONS  WAGON  COMPANY 

Dairy  Dept.  EARLVILLE,  N.  Y. 


Your  Trees  Need  Fine  Spray 


DEYO  POWER  SPRAYERS 

throw  mixture  like  dew  which  clings  tc 
fibre  of  leaves  for  long  time.  Used  by 
most  progressive  orchardists.  One  has 
five  in  use.  Deyo  Sprayers  are  used 
in  your  section.  Every  part  guaranteed. 
Write  for  bulletin  2-C 
DEYO-MACEY  ENGINE  CO. 
BINGHAMTON,  N.  Y. 


Spray  Trees  Now 

while  you’ve  time  to  do  a  thorough  job. 
Don’t  put  off  till  busy  spring.  Use 

Target  Brand 
Scale  Destroyer 

A  miscible  oil  that  destroys  San  Jos6  Scale 
and  all  other  scales.  It  spreads  on  contact 
with  the  tree,  thus  covering  every  part,  even 
those  missed  by  the  direct  spray. 

Endorsed  by  every  experiment  station  where 
tested.  Sold  by  good  dealers  everywhere.  Write 
for  free  booklet,  “Fall  and  Winter  Spraying.” 

HORTICULTURAL  CHEMICAL  COMPANY 

131  S.  Fourth  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


/ - - 

y.  ■  pm  mm*  is  the  most  efficient  device 

I  ■  t  made  for  pumping  water  by  water. 
D  A  M  Raises  water  30  feet  for  each  loot 
of  fall — no  trouble 
'or  pumping  expense.  Satis¬ 
faction  guaranteed. 

Vookht.  plans,  estimate,  FREE. 

RITE  ENGINE  CO. 

2429  Trinity  Bldg.,  N.  Y. 


TIMOTHY  SEED 


and  alsiko,  both  new  crop, 
and  without  a  single  weed. 
Also  alfalfa,  vetch  ami  crimson  clover. 

O.  M.  Scott  &  Son,  loo  Main  St.,  Marysville,  Ohio. 


AnCMTC  WANTFn  ro  take  orders  for  our 
HUCI1  I  O  ff  Mil  I  CU  -High  yaallty"  Nursery 
Products.  Liberal  commission  paid  promptly. 
Outfit  free.  Kxperience  not  necessary.  PKN.N- 
8YLVAN1A  NU USURY  CO  ,  36,  GlKAttU,  Pa. 


APPLE  BARRELS 


—GAR  LOTS  OR 
LKSS.  Abo  Heads 


or  Hoops.  ROBT.  GILLIES,  Medina,  N.  Y. 


TREES! 


The 


By  the  Millions.  A  complete  line 
at  wholesale  prices.  Largo  supply 
of  peach  treesaml  Privet  1  lodging. 
Westminster  Nursery,  Westminster,  Maryland 


Peach  and  Apple  Trees 

For  fall  or  spring  planting.  Prices  right;  stock 
right.  MYKK  &  SON,  Bridge ville,  Delaware 


FRUIT  TREES  $^.48  FOR  100 


trees  we  sell  from 
true  to  nuine, 
scale.  If  yon 
wo  have  the 

send  for  froo  illus- 
Establishod  -6 
$G0,000.0U. 

Muloney  Bro.s.  &  Wells  Co., 
Box  5,  Dansville,  N.  Y. 


FACTS 

ABOUT 

APPLE 

GROWING 


Ihe  healthier  the  tree,  the  better  the  fruit.  The  longer  trees  are  sprayed  with  “Scalecide,”  the  more  beautiful,  healthful 
and  fruitful  they  become.  Mr.  Geo.  T.  Powell,  President  of  the  Agricultural  Expe.rts  Association,  has  used  ‘  Scalecide”  ex¬ 
clusively  for  the  past  six  years  on  his  ICO  acre  orchard  at  Ghent,  N.  Y.  He  gets  twice  the  price  for  his  apples  laid  down  at 
his  Railroad  Station  that  .the  growers  do  in  Hood  River.  Mr.  J.  H.  Barclay,  of  Cranbury,  the  acknowledged  champion 
apple  grower  of  Now  Jersey,  lias  taken  all  the  first  prizes  for  the  past  four  years  at  the  New  Jersey  Horticultural  Society 
meetings.  He  has  used  ‘‘Scalecide”  exclusively  for  the  past  six  years.  Men  who  KA’O  \V  use  “Scalecide.”  A  postal  request 
to  Dept  N  will  bring  you  by  return  mail,  free,  our  hook,  "Modern  Methods  of  Harvesting,  Grading  and  Packing  Apples,” 
and  new  booklet,  “SCALECIDE,  the  Tree-Saver.”  If  your  dealer  cannot  supply  you  with  “SCALKOIDK”  we  will  deliver  it 
to  any  R.  R.  Station  in  the  United  States  east  of  the  Mississippi  and  north  of  the  Ohio  Rivers  on  receipt  of  the  price;  60-gal. 
bbls.,  $25.00;  30-gal.  bbls.,  $16.00;  10-gal.  cans,  $6.70;  5-gal.  cans,  $3.70.  Address,  B.  G.Pkatt  Co.,  00  Church  St.,  New  York  City. 


NKVV-YOKKER 


fcHJl 


1911. 

New  Farming  a  New  Trade. 

A  farmer  when  lie  moves  to  another 
part  of  the  country  has  practically  to 
learn  a  new  trade,  when  he  farms  suc¬ 
cessfully  on  the  new  place.  The  soil, 
climate  and  market  are  different,  and  it 
will  take  him  a  year  or  two  to  learn  the 
farming  trade  in  the  new  location.  He 
should  live  in  a  neighborhood  for  at 
least  one  year  before  buying  land,  for 
he  is  only  an  apprentice  in  the  new 
place.  F.  p. 

Fresno,  Cal. 

R.  N.-Y. — This  is  a  sound  dictum. 
Anyone  who  has  moved  500  miles  in  any 
direction  from  his  old  home  and  tried  to 
run  a  farm  as  he  did  in  the  old  place 
will  endorse  this  statement.  It  is  like 
learning  a  new  trade.  We  have  seen 
this  demonstrated  many  times  in  the 
South.  Northern  men  go  there  full  of 
the  experience  which  has  meant  success 
in  the  cold  country  only  to  find  some  of 
their  best  plans  fail.  They  attribute 
the  entire  trouble  to  the  new  country 
when  in  truth  they  are  at  fault,  not  be¬ 
cause  their  methods  are  wrong,  but  be¬ 
cause  they  could  not  make  them  over  to 
fit  the  new  conditions.  In  like  manner 
Southern  men  move  North  and  do  not 
realize  how  they  must  work  during  the 
short  Summer  to  provide  for  the  long 
Winter.  We  arc  getting  away  from  two 
old  propositions,  which  are,  “Any  fool 
can  farm,”  and,  “Any  farmer  can  run 
any  farm.” 


Keeping  Greenings  and  Baldwins. 

F.  L.,  Coventry ,  It.  /.  What  Is  the  best 
possible  way  to  keep  It.  1.  (Ireonlngs  and 
Baldwin  apples  over  Winter?  I  have  a 
cellar  in  the  house,  but  i  think  It  is  rather 
cold  for  apples  In  Winter  Will  you  tell 
me  when  is  the  best  time  to  pick  them? 

Ans. — The  Greening  is  one  of  the 
most  difficult  apples  to  keep  because  of 
its  tendency  to  “scald”  or  turn  brown 
when  held  over  Winter.  This  is  as  true 
of  cold  storage  as  of  that  in  cellars. 
The  icehouses  usually  have  more  diffi¬ 
culty  of  this  sort  than  the  chemical 
ones.  However,  T  know  of  one  icehouse 
neat*  my  own  home,  where  the  owner 
makes  a  specialty  of  Greenings,  and  he 
has  little  trouble  of  this  sort.  He  uses 
pipes  filled  with  salt  and  ice,  and  his 
house  is  dry.  One  can  set  fire  to  a  paper 
which  has  been  in  there  for  weeks,  al¬ 
most  as  readily  as  one  could  if  it  had 
been  kept  in  an  ordinary  dry  room. 
Hence  I  conclude  that  a  cold,  dry  air  is 
best  to  prevent  scald.  Baldwins  are 
rarely  troubled  this  way.  Most  cellars 
are  too  warm  to  keep  apples.  The 
nearer  they  can  be  kept  just  above  the 
freezing  point  the  better.  Often  a  cel¬ 
lar  can  have  the  windows  open  during 
the  day,  and  thus  take  in  a  lot  of  cold 
air  which  is  retained  for  some  time 
after  they  are  closed  during  the  colder 
night;  The  writer  has  a  cellar  under 
his  corn  house  built  to  store  apples.  In 
zero  weather  it  will  freeze,  but  at  such 
time  a  covering  of  fine  hay  will  save 
the  fruit.  We  have  saved  Spitzenburgs 
there  until  April.  Apples  to  save  in 
any  kind  of  storage  should  be  pretty 
well  matured  on  the  trees — not  dead 
ripe,  of  course.  Then  they  should  not 
be  allowed  to  lie  around  to  be  heated  by 
the  sun,  or  to  sweat  in  piles,  but  if  pos¬ 
sible  go  from  the  tree  with  as  little 
handling  as  possible  direct  to  the  stor¬ 
age.  I  would  emphasize  the  fact  that 
in  any  event  they  would  better  be  cool 
before  they  go  in.  That  is,  I  would 
not  pick  apples  in  the  middle  of  a  warm 
day  and  carry  them  immediately  into 
storage.  Rather  leave  them  until  the 
morning  after,  holding  in  a  cold  place 
during  the  night.  Whether  to  store  in 
tight  packages  like  a  barrel  or  in  crates 
through  which  the  air  can  penetrate  is  a 
question  on  which  there  is  quite  a  dif¬ 
ference  of  opinion.  The  Western  New 
York  cold  storage  men  use  the  barrel 
tightly  head*d,  and  they  are  very  suc¬ 
cessful.  The  party  to  whom  T  referred, 
who  keeps  Greenings  so  well,  uses  the 
bushel  slatted  crate.  Many  of  our  Hud¬ 
son  Valley  storage  men  do  the  same. 
My  own  preference  is  for  a  tight  pack¬ 
age.  1  was  taught  by  my  father  40  years 
ago  to  use  such,  and  I  have  always  found 
my  apples  kept  better  that  way,  not  ex¬ 
posed  to  the  air,  than  when  I  put  them 
in  open  packages. 

EDWARD  VAN  AI.STYNE. 


THIS  RURAL 

FRUIT  AND  FARM  MACHINERY  AT  NEW 
YORK  STATE  FAIR. 

Notwithstanding  the  fait  that  the  .State 
Fair  comes  “betwixt  and  between"  the 
early  and  late  maturing  fruits,  it  never 
fails  to  produce  an  exhibit  whose  descrip¬ 
tion  in  detail  would  involve  the  use  of  too 
much  space.  As  usual  the  long  tables  of 
apples,  grapes,  plums  and  peaches  show  all 
tlie  colors  of  the  rainbow.  The  larger 
horticultural  societies,  the  Western  New 
York  Horticultural  Society  and  the  State 
Fruit  Growers’  Association  call  on  their 
members,  and  they  respond  nobly.  The 
first  prize  was  llnally  won  by  the  Fruit 
Growers.  The  State  Experiment  Station 
had  its  usual  fine  collection  of  plums  and 
grapes.  Kllwanger  &  Barry  exhibited  their 
oft-ropeated  line  of  pears,  in  which  field 
they  appear  to  reign  supreme.  Here  ami 
there  local  organizations  had  sent  in  ex¬ 
hibits,  which  is  a  feature  that  should  be 
encouraged  as  much  as  possible.  Take  the 
county  exhibits,  only  Ontario.  Orleans  and 
Niagara  competed  for  position.  Talking 
with  a  prominent  Wayne  County  grower  on 
the  train  returning  to  the  city,  lie  re¬ 
marked  that  while  they  had  the  fruit  no 
one  could  be  found  to  arrange  it.  Evi¬ 
dently  modesty  is  rampant  in  that  county. 
The  prizes  offered  for  the  best  county  dis¬ 
play  were  won  by  Orleans,  followed  by  On 
tario  and  Niagara.  The  winnner's  exhibit 
was  put  up  in  a  variety  of  styles  and 
caught  the  judge's  eye  on  that  account, 
though  if  novelty  had  been  considered  a 
little  more  the  fetching  background  of 
Ontario  Co.,  consisting  of  a  representation 
of  the  spies  who  were  sent  out  in  Bildlcnl 
times  as  they  returned  bearing  their  load, 
would  have  taken  a  first.  This  was  shown 
as  a  gigantic  bas-relief  of  different  colored 
grapes,  and  the  profile  and  sketclied-in  gar¬ 
ments  revealed  n  clever  hand  as  the  espe¬ 
cial  property  of  the  chairman  of  the  On¬ 
tario  County  contingent.  Fourteen  bar¬ 
rels  of  Ontario  County  apples  were  given 
out  to  callers,  and  this  feature  might  well 
be  copied  by  the  other  sections.  If  all  of 

the  fruit  belt  counties  would  exert  them¬ 
selves  in  some  decided  fashion  the  annex 

might  be  occupied  solely  as  one  kind  of  a 

"county  house.” 

Several  of  the  nursery  companies  had 
excellent  exhibits  and  set  forth  the  merits 
of  their  wares  in  good  shape.  There  would 
lie  little  use  for  tree  agents  if  Intending 
purchasers  took  time  to  inform  themselves 
before  purchasing.  So  long  as  people  buy 
blindly  as  they  would  buy  a  keg  of  nails, 
they  must  not  expect  “figs  from  thistles” 
nor  fine  fruit  from  colored  pictures.  One 
feature  was  the  many  signs  urging  people 
to  believe  that  New  York  offered  as  good 
chances  as  any  State  in  the  T'nlon.  Like 
the  psychology  of  advertising  in  other  lines, 
this  is  a  step  in  the  right  direction.  Clar 
ify  your  belief  with  a  good  stock  of  judg 
mont  and  success  will  follow. 

An  increasing  feature  of  the  Fair  is  the 
never  ending  procession  of  gasoline  and 
power  machinery.  It  is  significant  of  the 
newer  trend  of  the  farmer’s  mind  that  ex¬ 
cessive  expenditure  of  “elbow  grease"  Is 
losing  its  charm  for  him.  If  a  hired  man 
costs  ir>  cents  per  hour  and  gasoline  the 
same  per  gallon,  which  is  the  cheaper  is  a 
problem  which  forces  Itself  on  his  mind. 
Practically  every  tent  where  machinery  was 
being  shown  had  a  gasoline  engine  for 
motive  power.  The  traction  engine  people 
were  not  behind  in  displaying  their  ma¬ 
chinery  and  the  uses  to  which  it  could  be 
put.  One  concern  had  a  line  of  small 
thrashing  machines  run  by  a  gas  engine. 
This  size  is  intended  for  the  hill  counties 
where  grain  fields  are  small.  Those  of  us 
who  were  “raised”  on  the  old  two-horse 
tread  power  will  appreciate  these  last. 
What  the  effect  of  this  increasing  line  of 
mechanical  helpers  will  be  on  the  rising 
generation  no  one  can  tell,  but  the  farm 
motor  will  have  a  much  more  potent  charm 
than  the  hoe  handle  in  inducing  the  farm¬ 
er’s  son  to  remain.  As  Prof.  Roberts  of 
Cornell  used  to  say.  “TIP  Lord  put  man  in 
the  garden  to  bo  boxs  over  the  things  in  it.” 
and  in  order  to  be  “boss”  at  the  present 
time  the  farmer  must  use  as  far  as  pos¬ 
sible  those  tools  which  have  proved  a  suc¬ 
cess  in  the  hands  of  other  men. 


.T.  DKM.VUY. 


Tile  Your  Farm  With  a 

Cyclone  Ditching  Machine 

AVE  its  coil  in  ten  days’  operation. 
This  is  a  big  claim ;  make  us  prove  it 
before  you  settle  for  the  machine. 

We  guarantee  300  rods  of  ditch  per  day 
with  six  horses. 


One  customer  writes :  “  Saved 
it*  cost  in  a  few  days;"  another, 

“Saved  $45  to  $f>0  per  day;” 
another,  “Saved  $100  in  four  I 
days;”  another,  “Saved  $200  in 
tiling  12  acres.” 

It  will  do  the  same  for  you.  Don’t  delay _ 

don’t  wait  for  contractors — do  your  own  tiling. 

Write  today  for  catalog 

The  Jeschke  Manufacturing  Co. 
Box  113,  Bellevue,  Ohio 


1 — ^ 

1  1 J  1"  1 

r  J - II 

4 

►33$ 

States 

stand 

back  of  — 

Every  use  to  which  a  wagon  bed  can  be  put  is  found  in  tbe  Melrose.  Instead  of  having  your 
money  tied  up  in  extra  hay-racks,  stock  beds,  etc.,  which  are  lying  around  the  farm 
most  of  the  time  and  which  have  to  be  lifted  on  and  off  the  gears  with  continual  effort  and 
at  a  big  risk  to  your  health  —  the  Melrose  is  always  on  the  gears  and  in  two  minutes  can  be 
changed  to  any  kind  of  a  bed  yon  want. 

15  WAGONS  IN  ONE 

You  can  drive  to  town  with  a  big  load  of  hay 
and  brins  back  a  load  of  coal,  livo  stock,  fertilizer 
or  anything  else.  Bod  can  be  readily  chanced 
from  grain  tight  to.any  kind  of  stock  or  poultry 
bod.  hav-rack.  or  with  one  Hido  extended  for  corn, 
gathering.  Fifteen  different  changes —they  are 
all  in  tlio  Melrose,  and  the  Melrose  is  always  on 
tho  pears. 

A  12-Year  Old  Tloy  Can  Operate  It.  Every 
change  from  one  position  to  another  can  bo  made 

in  two  minutes  by  a  12-  _ 

year  old  boy— without  add  Vv 
ing  to  or  takingaway  asinglo V 
part,  or  without  tho  uso  of  any 
tool  —  no  complicated  adjust¬ 
ments— nothing  to  broak  or  got 
out  of  order.  Tho  strongest  wagon 
bod  made— no  cast  iron— but  the  linost  cold 
rolled  steel,  absolutely  unbreakable,  perfectly 
and  rigidly  braced.  Guaranteed  to  bo  grain  tight. 

YOU  TAKE  NO  CHANCES 

This  is  not  an  experiment— tho  Melrose  has  been 
tested  and  approved  by  twenty-seven  U.  S.  agri- 


ggyepa 

cult  u  rat 

experimental  sta¬ 
tions.  Some  of  tbe  leading 
business  men  of  Chicago  and  tho  United 


ovory  wagon  bed  with  tlieir  rep¬ 
utations  and  their  capital.  ThoRO 
mon  could  not  afford  to  bo  identified  with  this 
wagon  bed  unless  it  would  back  up  ovory  claim. 

Mr.  E.  I),  Overshiner,  our  President,  isalso  Pres¬ 
ident  of  tho  ISwedlsh-American  Telephone  Com¬ 
pany.  Mr.  L.  A.  Neis,  our  Vico  President, 
is  General  Manager  of  tho 
Western  News  Company. 
Mr.  Stewart  Spaulding. 
Treasurer,  is  managing 
di  rector  of  the  Chicago  Col¬ 
iseum. 

M  r.  John  Ring)  ing.  one  of  otir 
directors,  is  tho  same  John 
Hingling  of  tho  Great  Singling 
Bros.  show. 

Mr.  II.  N.  Taylor  is  President  of  tho  General 
Wilmington  Coal  Co. 

Mr.  11.  H.  Windsor,  a  director,  is  ownor  of  tho 
magazine.  Popular  Mechanics. 

Mr.  Homer  E.  Nicsz,  a  director,  is  Manager  of 
tho  Cosmopolitan  Eloctric  Company. 

Yon  make  no  mistake  when  you  trade  with  these 
men.  Tliei  r  reputations  arc  establ  istied;  they  stand 
buck  of  ovory  wagon  bed  sold  by  this  Company. 

Here  is  a  handy  wagon  lied  without  a  flaw— you 
cannot  think  of  asinglo  feature  this  wagon  should 
contain  that  lias  been  overlooked  no  weak  spots 
—no  Hpringsor  ratchets.  With  all  its  Ifi  uses  its 
the  simplest  bed  in  construction  and  operation. 

Buy  Now  at  tho  Factory  Price.  If  you  act 
now  you  can  buy  tho  Melrose  direct  from  factory 
at  tlio  net  factory  price.  Do  not  delay— this  lied 
pays  for  itself  every  year.  Write  for  (free)  illus¬ 
trated  book. 


AMERICAN  WAGON  COMPANY 

Room  1277  1  12  West  Adams  Street,  11  CHICAGO.  ILL. 


This  Valuable 
Book  is  Free 


It  tells  you  how  to  lay  Steel  Roofing, 
shows  all  the  most  practical  designs  and 
explains  why  a  steel  roof  is  the  best  and 
cheapest  to  buy. 

With  this  book  are  sent  free  samples  of 
Galvanized  Steel  Roofing  and  a  complete 
price  *heet  showing  prices,  freight  paid  to 
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The  Steel  Roofing  shown  in  this  book 
is  manufactured  in  our  own  large  Roofing 
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and  perfect  in  every  way.  It  is  sold 
direct  to  you  giving  you  the  benefit  of  the 
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Write  today  for  this  book  and  other 
information  showing  why  we  can  save  you 
money  on  the  highest  grade  of  Steel 
Roofing. 


The  Ohio  Galvanizing' 
&  Mfg.  Co. 


5 


SECURED  OR  FEE  RETURNED. 

I'Ycr  I'm  out  Hook,  Soiling  Guide  and 
List  of  Buyers  a  ml  Manufacturers  of 
Inventions.  ADVICE  FREE.  Seud  sketch. 

FARNHAM  &  SUES,  Aliys.,  548  F.  SI., Washington,  D.C. 


Low-Down  Steel  Wheel  Wagons 

Am  fast  replacing  the  high  farm  wagons  for 
general  farm  work.  The  reason  is  plain.  Tlio 
Low-Down  wagon  makes  easier  work  for  the 
man  and  no  harder  for  the  team.  One  man 
can  do  most  of  his  farm  work  alone  with  tho 
Low-Down  wagon.  Get  our  free  catalogue. 
HAVANA  METAL  WHEEL  CO.,  BOX  17  HAVANA,  ILL. 


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ten  machines  in  one — for  $2.95  and  pay  tho  rest  in  tho 
easiest  monthly  payments.  Send 
postcard  for  our  free  book, “Tho 
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ular*  of  Freo  Trial  Offer.  L"iirn  bow 
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save;  how  yon  can  uharpun  all  kinds 
of  tools  if  you  own  thin  machine. 
Lenrn  about  tho  wonderful  Aluctrido 
grinding  wheels. 

Free  Trial 

freo  trial;  no  money  ilown.  After  tho 
free  trial,  keen  the  machine  or  eend  it 
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Dept.  4296,  160  Harrison  Street,  Chicago.  HI. 


STAND¬ 
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43  years’  successful  operation. 
Used  lu  nearly  all  pans  of  the 
world.  Wo  make  a  complete  line 
of  Drilling  Machines  and  tools 
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catalogue  No.  120  showing  over 
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PAYS  FOR  ITSELF  EVERY  THIRTY  DAYS 


CUTS 

THE50IL 


Without  a  doubt  Clark’s  Double  Action  “Cutaway”  Harrow  with  Jointed  Dole 
is  a  most  wonderful  farm  tool.  It  cuts  tho  soil  twice,  throwing  it  in  opposite 
directions,  tilling  in  the  hollows,  thus  leveling  the  laud  All  Single  Action 
Harrows  have  to  he  Driven  in  Half  Lap. 

It  Is  drawn  by  two  medium  horses.  It  can  bo  sot 
to  move  the  eartli  but  little,  or  at  so  great  uu 
angle  us  to  move  the  earth  eight  or  nine  inches. 

Buns  trueln  line  ofdraft.  A  customer 
wrote  recently  that  his  ‘‘Cutaway” 
nays  for  Itself  every  thirty  days  in 
■  labor  saved. 


Tho  Jointed  I’ole  takes  all  weight  off  the  horses’  necks, 
and  keeps  tlieir  heels  away  from  the  disks. 

Wo  make  a  “Cutaway”  for  every  crop.  Every  need  Is 
fully  supplied  by  tho  different  styles  of  genuine  “Cut¬ 
away”  Tools.  Tf  your  dealer  won’t  supply  you,  we  will. 

Writous.  "Intensive  Cultivation,”  our  new  booklet, 
Is  freo.  Send  a  postal  to-day. 

CUTAWAY  HARROW  CO.,  839  Main 


Street; 


lOO*  CROPS 

HIGGANUM, 


CONN. 


e«2 


THE  RURAL  N  EW-YORKER 


THE  APPLE  HARVEST. 

In  this  latitude — central  Ohio — if  we 
have  a  full  crop  in  sight,  as  we  have 
now,  we  commence  harvesting  about  the 
20th  of  September,  of  course  the  earlier 
varieties ;  the  harvest  continues  about 
six  weeks  on  a  full  crop,  15  to  30  men 
are  employed,  according  to  the  hours. 
Many  conditions  are  to  be  carefully  con¬ 
sidered.  Last  year  we  were  frozen  out, 
except  a  few  carloads  of  Rome  Beau¬ 
ties,  and  still  less  Ben  Davis.  The 
Rome  Beauty  is  the  latest  to  bloom  of 
any,  and  escaped  more  than  any  variety. 
The  very  severe  drought  continued  late, 
the  apples  did  not  grow,  were  starved 
for  humidity,  and  we  feared  they  would 
hardly  be  merchantable,  but  the  rain  did 
come,  as  it  always  has,  though  some¬ 
times  a  little  late.  In  this  case  we  had 
only  a  small  part  of  a  crop;  did  not 
harvest  until  the  last  of  October.  It 
was  wonderful  how  the  beauties  swelled 
out,  about  normal  size,  and  colored  to 
“beat  the  band,”  as  the  boys  say.  It  is 
surprising,  if  conditions  are  favorable, 
what  crisp,  clear  October  weather  will 
do  to  finish  up  the  crop,  with  all  its 
beauty  of  tints  and  shades  of  all  colors. 
We  realized  $7  per  barrel  for  most  of 
them. 

Some  seasons  we  were  not  able  to 
finish  with  the  harvest  until  in  Novem¬ 
ber  on  account  of  bad  weather;  the  ap¬ 
ples  seemed  to  be  frozen  like  rocks,  and 
we  picked  only  in  the  afternoons;  they 
come  out  all  right  in  Spring.  They  were 
the  Ben  Davis,  which  so  many  naughty 
things  are  said  about ;  but  they  are  good 
hangers-on.  In  fact  the  tree  and  apples 
have  only  one  poor  quality,  many  vari¬ 
eties  have  more.  On  the  home  stretch, 
April,  May  and  the  fore  part  of  June, 
they  always  sell  to  good  advantage. 
Ix>oks  and  attractiveness  are  great  re¬ 
quisites,  sometimes  quality  is  ignored. 
No  doubt  these  factors  have  been  the 
means  of  disposing  of  precious  things 
to  good  advantage,  that  are  not  sold  by 
the  barrel. 

After  an  experience  of  more  than  30 
years  with  cold  storage,  cooled  with  ice, 

I  believe  that  apples  fully  mature  in  size 
and  color  if  possible  to  wait  and  get 
through  on  time ;  they  will  keep  better, 
better  quality,  more  profitable,  etc.,  even 
if  there  be  a  few  more  windfalls;  worm- 
falls  is  the  more  proper  cause,  but  good 
results  more  than  balance  the  loss. 

My  age  will  bear  me  out  if  I  digress 
a  little,  and  it  may  not  be  unprofitable 
if  I  say  a  few  words  on  how  we  pre¬ 
pared  to  control  the  elements  last 
Spring.  We  constructed  a  large  cistern 
on  top  of  a  bluff,  which  is  centrally  lo¬ 
cated  in  the  orchard,  with  a  pipe  from 
the  bottom  of  the  cistern  through  the 
bank,  with  a  faucet  from  which  the 
tank  wagon  is  loaded  with  oil.  In  April 
the  Hamilton  orchard  heaters  were 
placed  one  per  tree  on  the  northwest 
side,  about  10  feet  from  the  trunks,  and 
all  filled  with  oil  ready  to  fire.  My  son 
and  partner,  J.  C.  Vergon,  had  some 
arrangement  to  rouse  him  up  at  night 
at  any  temperature  he  wished  if  danger 
approached,  but  was  not  aroused  a  sin¬ 
gle  night.  One  rough  day  I  brought  one 
of  the  heaters  in  the  yard  and  fired  it ; 
it  burned  all  day,  and  I  warmed  my 
shins  a  part  of  the  time,  and  concluded 
it  certainly  would  make  quite  a  differ¬ 
ence  in  temperature,  one  per  tree  all 
over  the  orchard.  After  the  danger  was 
over  it  was  all  hauled  back  to  the  cis¬ 
tern  ;  we  have  20,000  gallons  on  tap  for 
future  use.  In  conversation  with  my 
son  about  the  seeming  unnecessary  ex¬ 
pense,  he  said  if  we  had  scared  the 
enemy  away  by  being  well  prepared  it 
was  much  our  cheapest  way  out.  He 
had  figured  the  cost  per  night  if  fired  at 
$125  to  $150.  I  said  I  was  not  especial¬ 
ly  complaining,  that  I  was  a  believer 
in  arbitration  if  it  could  be  done  honor¬ 
ably,  if  not  apply  the  torch. 

Ohio.  F.  P.  VERGON. 


Do  Not  Transplant  Asparagus. 

G.  A.  M.,  Kittery  Depot,  Me. — I  have 
come  into  possession  of  a  sadly  neglected 
asparagus  bed.  It  is  full  of  young  plants 
from  last  year’s  berries.  Can  I  take  these 
up  for  transplanting  without  spoiling  the 
old  roots?  Can  it  be  successfully  done  this 
Fall  or  must  I  wait  till  Spring? 

Ans. — It  depends  largely  on  what  one 
hopes  to  accomplish  with  the  plants  that 
are  reset.  In  other  words,  if  inquirer 
is  striving  only  to  grow  for  his  own 
private  use  in  a  small  way  he  may  suc¬ 
ceed  by  careful  work,  and  nursing,  but 
for  commercial  planting  the  proposition 
is  entirely  different.  The  commercial 
grower  must  cater  to  the  public  demand, 
and  what  is  that?  Large,  straight, 
strong,  good  colored  and  high-flavored 
asparagus.  From  a  financial  standpoint 
the  grower  must  have  yield  too.  Can 
all  this  be  had  from  a  miscellaneous 
lot  of  volunteer  plants?  Most  decidedly 


no.  I  know  of  no  plant  that  responds 
to  man’s  intelligence  and  care  more 
readily  than  does  the  asparagus.  The 
plants  inquirer  wishes  to  use  for  plant¬ 
ing  a  new  bed  have  not  had  either  in¬ 
telligence  or  care  bestowed  upon  them. 
Another  vital  point  not  to  be  overlooked 
in  any  case  is  breeding.  Does  inquirer 
know  what  his  variety  is?  Is  it  a  straight 
strain  of  an  improved  variety  or  only  a 
mongrel  lot?  If  the  latter,  no  matter 
how  well  he  does  his  work  the  future 
bed  will  not  be  as  good,  because  it  can¬ 
not  do  it.  It  has  not  the  blood  of  an¬ 
cestry  behind  it.  Another  point  is,  these 
volunteer  plants  are  from  seed  borne  on 
plants  sadly  neglected ;  hence,  aside  from 
variety  and  strain,  as  mentioned  above, 
they  are  low  in  vitality  and  lacking  in 
constitutional  vigor,  also  small  because 
of  lack  of  care  and  proper  feeding  and 
nursing  while  young.  Then,  too,  the 
asparagus  plant  has  a  multitude  of  ene¬ 
mies,  both  insect  and  fungus,  and  needs 
man’s  most  watchful  care  to  protect  it 
from  them,  so  it  may  be  permitted  to  do 
its  best.  In  this  case,  it  is  evident  that 
neither  parent  nor  offspring  has  had  this 
care  or  protection.  I  have  repeatedly 
seen  young  asparagus  plants  eaten  so 
badly  by  the  bugs  that  they  died  out¬ 
right,  and  in  many  cases  where  they 
did  not  die  entirely  they  were  so  crip¬ 
pled  they  never  recovered  sufficiently  to 
produce  more  than  a  very  small  crop  of 
culls  only. 

Can  the  plants  be  taken  up  this  Fall 
and  reset?  No.  It  is  quite  possible  that 
they  would  freeze  even  here  in  New 
Jersey,  to  say  nothing  about  inquirer’s 
much  colder  climate.  I  have  seen  plants 
taken  from  the  nursery  row  in  Spring 
that  had  been  frozen  the  previous  Win¬ 
ter  because  of  insufficient  earth  over 
the  roots.  They  might,  however,  be 
dug  this  Fall,  and  stored  in  a  very  cool 
place  packed  in  earth.  Can  they  be 
taken  up  without  spoiling  the  old  roots? 
That  depends  on  where  they  are  lo¬ 
cated,  also  how  deep  in  the  soil  the  old 
roots  are,  and  how  deep  the  young  ones. 
That  question  can  only  be  answered  by 
trial  with  observations.  When  digging 
if  one  does  not  come  in  contact  with 
many  roots  of  the  old  plants  no  partic¬ 
ular  harm  is  done.  From  my  viewpoint 
if  this  “sadly  neglected  bed”  has  been 
one  or  more  years  without  cultivation 
or  attention  of  any  kind,  it  will  be  hard 
to  hurt  it  further,  and  still  harder  to 
bring  it  back  to  a  paying  proposition. 
Were  this  bed  mine  I  would  plow  it  up, 
buy  seed  from  a  good  bed  of  the  variety 
and  strain  I  desired,  and  start  afresh ; 
a  paying  bed  will  be  reached  sooner. 
Personally  I  would  not  set  those  plants 
if  a  man  would  dig  and  give  them  to 
me.  c.  c.  HULSART. 

New  Jersey. 


Tree  Cricket  Girdles  Grapes. 

L.  N.  B.,  Mount  Vernon,  III. — Something 
girdles  my  grapes ;  i.  e.,  the  bunch  of  fruit 
is  girdled,  generally  the  lower  half ;  then 
fruit  is  ruined,  as  it  wilts  and  dries  up.  Is 
it  a  cricket?  Our  grapes  ripen  in  August, 
but  I  have  had  Ives  grapes  hold  good 
through  September. 

Ans. — There  is  a  little  rascal  that  does 
just  such  work  as  the  writer  describes. 
It  is  a  species  of  tree  cricket  that  some¬ 
times  eats  the  skin  of  tender  vegetation, 
and  is  found  oq  grapevines  quite  fre¬ 
quently,  where  it  does  girdle  the  stems 
of  the  clusters  partly  or  entirely.  This 
causes  a  stoppage  of  the  proper  circu¬ 
lation  and  the  berries  cannot  develop 
as  they  should.  There  is  almost  no 
practical  way  to  prevent  the  troubles. 
Spraying  with  an  arsenical  preparation 
that  would  kill  the  insects  might  be  very 
dangerous  to  the  eater  of  the  fruit.  May¬ 
be  others  know  better  than  I  about  this. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


Slow  Growth  of  Wealthy  Apple. 

F.  It.  L.,  Troy,  N.  Y. — About  four  years 
ago  I  purchased  about  50  Wealthy  apple 
trees  from  an  Ohio  nursery  for  ‘‘fillers.” 
As  I  remember,  they  had  a  lot  of  fine  roots, 
more  so  than  other  varieties.  Now  they 
do  not  grow  as  fast  as  Baldwin,  etc.,  and 
it  is  hard  to  get  a  good  growth  on  them. 
Has  Wealthy  fine  roots  whim  young,  and  do 
the  trees  make  slow  growth  or  might  it  be 
“hairy  root?” 

Ans. — The  Wealthy  apple  is  a  variety 
well  suited  to  use  as  a  filler  between 
the  kinds  that  are  later  in  coming  into 
bearing.  It  is  a  slow  grower  after  the 
fruiting  stage  is  reached,  and  that  is 
very  early  in  life.  I  have  seen  the  trees 
bear  while  yet  in  the  nursery  rows.  It 
is  not  strange  that  the  trees  grow  slow¬ 
ly  for  F.  R.  L.  There  may  be  some 
trouble  with  the  roots,  such  as  he  sus¬ 
pects,  but  this  is  not  at  all  sure,  for  the 
root  system  of  this  variety  is  slender, 
yet  very  abundant.  It  would  be  well  to 
thin  off  the  fruit  very  severely  while  it 
is  very  small,  and  thus  decrease  the  load, 
give  that  which  is  left  a  better  chance 
to  grow  and  the  trees  as  well. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEM  AN. 


.  t  i  _  •  f 

Father  Mother 
Sister  Brother 


Don't  work  any  more.  Take  advan¬ 
tage  of  these  gas  engine  days  on  the 
farm  and  let  the  Sturdy  Jack  do  your 
hard  chores — pumping  (for  one  cent 
he  will  pump  enough  water  for  a  day’s 
use  on  an  ordinary  farm),  running  the 
separator,  the  washing  machine,  yes, 
even  the  sewing  machine, 
and  a  hundred  other  uses. 

Truck  mounted,  it  can  be  moved 
instantly  and  set  up  to  the  work 
to  be  done.  Never  bucks. 

Runs  in  cold  weather  as  well  as 
in  hot.  Really  making  a  revo¬ 
lution  in  gas  engines  because 
of  its  completeness. 


One 

Gallon 

a  Day 

Runs 

This 

Engine 


This  Gas  Engine 
is  the  Friend  of 
the  Whole  Family 


Sturdy 
Jack 
2  H.P. 


A  horizontal  engine  built  just  like 
the  big  fellows  of  25  H.  P.  and  more 
— one  proof  that  the  idea  in  it  is 
right.  Air-cooled  or  hopper-cooled. 

But  we  do  not  ask  you  to  take  our  word 
alone.  Investigate.  Read  our  four  books  on 
engines.  We  will  send  them  to  you  free. 
Tell  you  how  an  engine  should  be  made  .n 
order  to  do  effective  work — advise  you 
what  points  of  importance  to  look  for  and 
insist  upon— save  you  from  buying  engines 
that  have  to  be  propped  up  and  that  lean 
upon  their  work.  Even  a  small  engine 
should  stand  alone.  Write  for  these  to-day. 

JACOBSON  MACHINE  MFG.  CO. 

DepLD,  Warren,  Pa. 


Be  a  Power  Owner,  But  Before 
You  Buy  Consult  Our  Expert  Free 


OUT  a  Perfection  kerosene  portable  engine  on  your  farm 
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than  kerosene)  due  to  the  great  automobile  demand,  you 
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and  mail  it  to  our  Chief  Consulting  Engineer. 

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Chief  Consulting  Engineer 
Caille  Perfection  Motor  Co*  2*21  Second  Ave.  Detroit,MIch. 


September  30, 

Whex  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


^C5WER;y 


POMMEL  SLICKER 

Will  keep  you  and  your  saddle  per¬ 
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BOSTON. 

Tower-Canadian,  Ltd.,  Toronto  gaii 


■  Beats  Them  All 

■  For  SERVICE 

Here's  the  engine  that  will  make  the  most 
money  for  you.  because  it  does  more  work, 
costs  less  to  run,  and  costs  less  for  repairs 
than  any  other  outfit  you  could  buy.  Let 
us  prove  it  to  you  before  you  decide  on 
any  engine.  Write  at  once  for  the 

LEFFEL  Steam 

i  Engine  Book— Free.  Tells  just  what 
you  want  to  know  about  power 
outfits  of  every  kind.  Don't  make 
a  mistake  in  buying;  an  engine.Buy 
Writ,  for  our  freo 
now.  Address 

JAMES  LEFFBXi 
&  COMPANY 
Ilox  201 
Springfield,  O. 


BOOK 

FREE 


Water  when  you  want  it 


—not  just  when  the  wind  blows. 

A  turn  of  the  wheel  and  the 
water  runs  till  you  stop  the  en¬ 
gine.  The  Lauson  "Frost  King" 
is  good  for  something  else,  too :  sawing, ' 
ensilage  cutting,  churning,  washing — 
any  work  requiring  power. 

LAUSOH'FROSTKING” 

GASOLINE  AND  OIL  ENGINES 

are  guaranteed  to  satisfy  or  money  back. 

Should  occasion  demand,  we  send  our  expert 
anywhere  at  any  time.  Our  expert’s  time  is 
free.  The  “Frost  King”  is  easy  to  start — 
runs  perfectly  in  any  weather — and  develops 
more  than  rated  power.  Low  fuel  consump¬ 
tion.  Send  for  catalog  of 
full  line  of  Lauson  “Frost  — ^  2 


No  Battery 


Farm 


WHEN  you  buy  the  old  reliable 
Sta-Rite  Gasoline  Engine,  you 
get  absolute  freedom  from  battery 
troubles  and  expense  Because 
the  Sta-Rite  has  no  batteries. 

Ignition  is  furnished  by  the  mar¬ 
velous  Sta-Rite  Magneto  which 
is  built  right  in  to  and  is  mechan¬ 
ically  a  part  of  the  cylinder 

No  batteries  to  be  renewed 
and  no  loose  connections  to 
stop  the  engine. 


THE  Guaranteed 
S 


The  Sta-Rite  Magneto  has  one  wire 
only  and  throws  a  big  Tat  spark  abso¬ 
lutely  regardless  of  speed  of  engine.  And 
you'll  get  the  same  kind  of  spark  in  five 
years  that  you  do  the  first  day  All  the 
Sta-Rite  Engines  (except  the  114  and  3V4 
horse  power  sizes)  are  now  equipped  with 
the  Sta-Rite  Magneto  ignition  and  yet 
prices  remain  the  same.  Full  particulars 
•ent  for  the  asking  if  you  mention  this  paper 


Sta-Rite  is  un¬ 
questionably  the  simplest  ( 
and  strongest  farm  engine  in 

America  Neat  in  design  and  strictly  high-^^^  grade  thru- 
out  Always  runs  smoothly  Carries  its  load  without  a  murmur 

Fully  Guaranteed.  Stays  Right,  Year  After  Year 
Because  it  is  Made  Right 

—  because  we  positively  will  not  build 
a  cheap  "bargain"  engine 
I.  your  dealer  cannot  supply  you. 
write  for  illustrated  folder  show¬ 
ing  the  complete  Sta-Rite  Line. 


Sta-Rite 
Engine  Co. 

La  Crosse,  Wis. 


Arrow  points  to 
Sta-Rite  Magneto 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE 


.  .  .  MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY  .  .  . 


Seed  down  with 


HUBBARD’S 

Bonit* 
asIL/ 

Grass  and  Grain 
Fertilizer 


Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn.  << 


Send  for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  “Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


one  of  the  famotis 
Bone  Base  ”  Hay  Makers 


**8?  f 


Cheapest  to  Travel  the  Shortest  Road 


This  advertisement  pictures  a 


Economy  Engines  Are  as  Good  as  Any  Gasoline  Engine 

You  Can  Buy  for  Any  Price . 

The  highest  price  ever  asked  will  not  buy  you  any  better  engine,  for  better  engines 
are  not  made.  We  have  bought  and  tested  all  other  makes  right  alongside 
the  Economy  in  our  own  plant,  have  given  them  all  the  same  full  fair  test  and  have 
viewed  the  results  without  prejudice.  The  Economy  will  do  anything  that  you 
can  properly  demand  of  a  gasoline  engine.  No  engine  can  do  your  work  better  or 
more  faithfully  day  in  and  •  day  out,  and  the  Economy  is  the  only  high  class 
engine  you  can  buy  that  involves  no  wasted  expense  or  unnecessary  profits 
in  the  selling. 

Our  Fair  and  Square  Selling  Method  Enables  You  to 
Try  the  Economy  Without  Risk.. 

You  send  us  your  order  and  we  send  you  the  engine.  You  try  it 
on  your  own  farm  in  your  own  way,  doing  your  own  work  for  sixty  days. 
If  you  are  not  perfectly  satisfied  that  the  Economy  Engine  is  the  engine 
you  want,  you  send  it  back  to  us  at  our  expense.  If  you  do  not  like  the 
Economy  Engine  the  trial  does  not  cost  you  a  penny,  because  we  return 
;  v  .  .  jj^  both  the  purchase  price  and  the  freight  charges.  "  That’s  the  kind  of 

trial  that  proves  something. 

Whether  you  are  ready  to  order  just  now  or  not  we  want  you  to 
have  a  copy  of  our  latest  Gasoline  Engine  Catalog,  so  write  your 
name  on  the  coupon  in  the  lower  left  hand  corner  of  this  ad  and 
send  it  to  us  by  return  mail.  You’ll  get  a  book  worth  having,  con- 


We  are  not 
merely  advertising 
the  Economy  En¬ 
gines,  we  are  selling 
them.  Before  we  began 
this  advertising  cam¬ 
paign, we  started  a  manu¬ 
facturing  campaign.  We 
have  engines  ready  to  ship 
the  very  day  your  order 
reaches  the  factory — all  sizes 
— all  styles,  including  the  style 
and  size  you  want,  waiting  ready 
to  be  loaded  into  the  freight  car  the 
moment  you  say  the  word.  If  you 
know  what  your  engine  needs  are, 
if  you  have  made  up  your  mind  what 
horse  power  you  require,  don’t  lose  a 
moment  writing  for  catalogs  or  informa¬ 
tion.  The  prices  are  plainly  printed  in  this 
ad,  and  all  you  need  to  do  is  make  out  your 
order,  enclose  the  price,  and  the  moment  we 
get  it  your  edgine  will  be  running  to  work 
as  fast  as  it  can  go.  You  will  never  get  a 
better  chance  to  get  the  right  engine  at  the 
right  price  and  at  the  right  time  than  NOW. 


lJ^-Horse  Power 


2-Horse  Power 


4-Horse.  Power 


6-Horse  Power 


8-Horse  Power 


10-Horse  Power 


Your 


SEARS,  ROEBUCK  AND  CO.,  Ch 


Please  semi  me  a  copy  of  your  new  Kconoiny  Gasoline  Engine  Catalog, 


Postoffice. 


1911. 


THIS  RURA.E  NEW-YORKER 


96.1 


LG4 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Septem!  <•;■ 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


College  Family  Party. — There  are  so 
many  questions  pouring  in  upon  us  at 
this  season  that  we  would  better  take 
them  in  hand.  It  will  give  many  of  us 
something  to  think  about.  Here  is  a 
new  idea  to  me : 

I  am  a  small  farmer  on  11  acres  of  land, 
and  as  a  side  issue  I  have  raised  three 
children.  They  are  now  ready  for  better 
schools  and  so  we  have  decided  all  to  go 
to  college.  We  have  a  good  10-room  house 
in  good  repair,  and  well  painted ;  have 
hot  water  heater  and  bathtub;  good  barn, 
all  cement  floor,  chicken  houses  for  300 
hens,  more  fruit  of  all  kinds  than  we  can 
use  and  a  good  supply  for  sale ;  have  Al¬ 
falfa  well  started,  so  keep  two  cows  and 
a  horse.  Main  crop  is  strawberries  and 
early  potatoes.  We  are  pulling  stakes  and 
leaving  and  have  not  found  a  renter  yet. 
Can  you  help  us  out  with  a  good  man  who 
is  willing  to  work?  w.  B.  T. 

Pennsylvania. 

This  scheme  of  going  to  college  with 
the  entire  family  is  a  novelty.  I  under¬ 
stand  that  th is  man  has  made  enough 
from  his  11  acres  actually  to  give  this 
cooperative  education.  I  never  heard  of 
just  such  a  case  before.  He  deserves  a 
good  tenant  for  that  place;  so  his  ad¬ 
dress  will  be  furnished  to  those  who 
mean  business  . 

You  tell  us  that  different  methods  of 
culture  change  the  date  of  ripening  on  your 
farm.  Have  you  noticed  any  difference 
in  appearance  or  quality  of  fruit? 

B.  G.  J. 

Pennsylvania. 

We  certainly  have.  At  the  top  of  the 
hill  are  two  grafted  seedling  apple  trees. 
rl  hey  came  into  bearing  with  a  rush  tit  is 
year  at  eight  years  from  the  graft.  The 
original  seedlings  grew  near  a  gulley 
full  of  stones  and  trash,  and  vines  and 
brush  have  grown  around  them.  These 
seedlings  were  cut  off  and  scions  put  in. 
When  the  fruit  came  this  year  I  could 
not  recognize  it,  and  sent  samples  to 
Washington.  The  authorities  identify 
it  as  Twenty  Ounce.  On  comparing  it 
with  our  other  fruit  of  that  variety  we 
see  the  resemblance,  yet  the  fruit  on 
those  grafted  trees  is  quite  distinct  in 
color,  size  and  to  some  extent  in  shape. 
It  would  certainly  deceive  a  large  pro¬ 
portion  of  fruit  men.  Last  week  at 
Syracuse  I  saw  the  new  apple  “Hitch¬ 
ings,”  growing  in  the  Hitchings  orchard. 
The  tree  appears  to  be  just  like  Twenty 
Ounce  in  shape  and  size,  but  the  fruit 
is  quite  distinct,  being  a  dark  red  with 
most  of  the  stripes  obscured  in  the  solid 
color.  The  flavor  appears  to  be  superior 
to  the  ordinary  Twenty  Ounce.  The 
grafted  trees  on  our  hill  carry  some 
fruit  very  much  like  Hitchings  in  ap¬ 
pearance,  and  they  certainly  are  supe¬ 
rior  in  quality.  The  question  is,  would 
this  apple  still  show  these  superior  qual¬ 
ities  if  grown  under  other  conditions? 

Oats  in  Fall. — Here  is  an  illustration 
of  the  way  some  statements  are  taken : 

In  “Hope  Farm  Notes”  of  September  2 
you  say  it  would  be  nonsense  to  sow  oats 
this  Fall  with  the  expectation  of  cutting 
for  hay  next  year.  We  have  oats  here 
that  we  sow  in  September,  October  and 
November,  also  in  February  and  March.  It 
will  stand  as  much  frost  as  Winter  wheat. 
Our  Winters  are  not  very  cold,  but  we 
have  some  frost  every  Winter.  Sometimes 
the  ground  freezes  two  or  three  inches 
down,  but  the  grain  seldom  freezes  out.  I 
have  been  sowing  oats  in  the  Fall  for  25 
years,  and  never  had  but  one  crop  to  freeze, 
find  that  was  planted  late,  on  low  wet, 
ground.  I  am  in  the  same  latitude  as 
the  northern  boundary  of  New  York  State. 
Sherwood,  Oregon.  s.  m.  k. 

When  I  spoke  of  “nonsense”  refer¬ 
ence  was  made  to  this  section  of  north¬ 
ern  New  Jersey.  We  would  never  at¬ 
tempt  to  advise  a  stranger  definitely  on 
matters  which  are  determined  by  climate 
or  local  conditions.  Our  Winters  are 
very  severe  at  this  end  of  the  country. 
On  the  Pacific  Coast  the  climate  is  tem¬ 
pered  and  the  Winters  are  milder,  and  i 
1  have  no  doubt  these  oats  have  been 
adapted  to  Winter  conditions.  They  are 
probably  much  like  the  Southern  Win¬ 
ter  oats.  We  have  tried  them  several 
times,  but  they  die  during  the  Winter. 

Apple  Eating  Contests. — I  presume 
everyone  likes  to  feel  that  he  is  regard¬ 
ed  as  a  possible  champion  in  some  line. 
That  is  a  pleasant  way  to  regard  this  in¬ 
vitation  : 

On  Friday  evening,  September  22,  a  bi¬ 
ennial  apple-eating  contest  will  be  held  at 
the  Camp  Buildings  in  the  Protumna  Or¬ 
chard  ( near  Tablers  Station),  at  which  time 
I  would  he  very  glad  to  have  you  present. 

J.  W.  STEWART. 

I  would  like  to  be  on  hand  for  that, 
though  perhaps  officers  of  the  Apple 
Consumers’  League  would  be  barred.  I 
saw  part  of  a  pie-eating  contest  once, 
and  it  was  not  an  edifying  spectacle. 
At  another  time  I  saw  a  man  offer  a 
prize  to  the  boy  who  could  eat  a  dozen 
dry  crackers  first.  The  conditions  were 
that  there  was  to  be  no  water  con¬ 
sumed  until  the  last  cracker  was  down. 
After  about  the  third  cracker  those  1 
boys  were  in  hard  shape.  It  looked  easy  [ 


but — try  it !  An  apple-eating  contest 
seems  like  a  good  thing.  Let  us  have 
some  of  the  records ! 

Losing  Fat. — Suggestions  of  apple 
eating  might  well  go  by  the  side  of  this 
letter — which  is  a  sample  of  many: 

I  enclose  letter  from  the  Dr.  Turner  Co., 
who  claim  to  cure  obesity.  As  I  am  very 
anxious  to  lose  about  100  pounds,  but  not 
my  money,  I  ask  you  if  you  can  kindly 
ascertain  for  me  the  facts.  l.  a.  r. 

Wisconsin. 

The  letter  is  a  printed  circular,  and  a 
very  good  sample  of  “guff.”  -A  few 
choice  selections  are  “untimely  grave,” 
‘‘terrible  monster  of  fat,”  “long,  weary 
hours  of  the  night,”  etc.  Ds-  Turner 
says  he  was  once  “the  fattest  of  all  fat 
men.”  I  have  a  notion  that  he  has  a 
sure  method  for  reducing  the  size  of  a 
fat  man’s  pocketbook.  It  is  the  old 
story  that  he  is  thinking  of  increasing 
his  price,  but  if  you  send  $10  or  even  $5 
at  once  you  can  get  the  treatment. 

Now  obesity  is  a  disease  of  disorgan¬ 
ized  nutrition.  It  may  be  compared 
with  gout  or  diabetes.  Under  similar 
conditions  one  person  might  have  one 
disease  and  another  one  of  the  others. 
Obesity  is  not  always  due  to  over-eat¬ 
ing  or  to  eating  the  wrong  food.  If  a 
man  ate  nothing  of  course  lie  would 
lose  weight.  There  is  therefore  some 
kind  and  amount  of  food  which  will 
compel  his  body  to  use  some  of  its 
stored  up  fat  to  do  his  work.  It  is  not 
exactly  a  fair  illustration,  but  yet  not 
unlike  the  practice  of  some  English  ten¬ 
ants  of  using  nitrate  of  soda  alone  dur¬ 
ing  the  last  years  of  their  lease.  This 
active  nitrogen  in  the  nitrate  stimulates 
the  plant  to  take  potash  and  phosphoric 
acid  out  of  the  soil — leaving  it  poorer. 

If  a  fat  man  came  to  us  for  “treat¬ 
ment”  I  would  put  him  on  the  “work 
cure.”  Give  him  a  diet  of  bread  and 
skim-milk  with  green  vegetables  and 
fresh  fruit,  with  no  sugar  and  little 
starchy  food.  After  some  reliable  doc¬ 
tor  had  pronounced  the  fat  man’s  heart 
to  be  fairly  sound  I  should  put  him  at 
gentle  work  like  weeding  or  hoeing  and 
keep  him  right  at  it,  and  make  him 
sweat.  I  feel  confident  that  too  much 
food  and  too  little  exercise  are  respon¬ 
sible  for  half  the  cases  of  obesity.  It  is 
hard  to  cure  obesity  because  man’s  first 
instinct  is  eating.  Eew  men  have  the 
will  power  to  continue  for  a  long  period 
to  eat  less  than  the  pampered  body 
craves.  Take  my  advice  and  let  all 
these  so-called  “obesity  cures”  alone. 
The  true  cure  “cometh  only  through 
fasting  and  prayer,”  and  the.  strongest 
prayers  will  be  needed  at  times  to  re¬ 
sist  temptation  to  break  the  fasting. 

“The  Redheads.” — This  question  has 
been  asked  by  many  readers : 

“Who  or  what  are  these  'redheads’ 
that  the  Hope  Farm  man  often  refers 
to?” 

The  “redheads”  are  three  little  chil¬ 
dren — the  youngest  of  our  hrood.  There 
is  one  boy  of  six  and  a  little  girl  of 
four  and  a  baby  of  about  18  months. 
They  are  well  named,  for  their  hair  is 


30. 


about  as^red  as  human  hair  ever  gets  to 
be.  These  little  scamps  are  the  young¬ 
est  of  a  family  of  six — the  children  of. 
Mother’s  sister.  Their  father  is  dead 
and  their  mother  is  an  invalid,  and  so 
they  have  become  genuine  Hope  Farm¬ 
ers.  They  run  about  under  the  trees,  do 
a  little  work  and  a  great  deal  of  play, 
and  altogether  make  a  promising  crop 
of  young  stock.  In  the  morning  they 
roll  out  of  bed,  get  their  fill  of  wheat 
and  milk  or  fried  potatoes  with  a  melon 
or  peach.  Then  through  the  forenoon 
those  redheads  go  like  flaming  birds 
over  the  sun-lit  lawn  or  through  the 
fields.  At  noon  they  line  up  again  for 
vegetables  and  fruit  and  bread  and  but¬ 
ter,  and  then  off  again  with  the  tireless¬ 
ness  of  childhood.  The  bread  and  milk 
and  baked  apples  disappear  at  supper 
and  in  due  time  the  bruised  feet  are 
washed  and  all  the  mischief  fades  away 
into  sleep.  Yes,  indeed,  the  redheads 
are  the  real  thing.  They  say  they  all 
want  to  be  fruit  growers — but  that  is 
many  years  away.  The  oldest  one  is 
already  a  partner  in  four  Twenty 
Ounce  apple  trees.  You  know  that  we 
believe  that  every  child  has  a  God- 
given  right  to  a  home  and  a  happy 
childhood,  and  the  redheads  are  to  have 
what  belongs  to  them. 


Of  Interest 
To  Every  User 

Y  /  /  '  *  . 

Of  Fertilizers 

An  account  of  the  purposes, 
organization,  and  properties  of 
the  International  Agricultural 
Corporation. 

Copies  of  this  publication  (il¬ 
lustrated)  will  be  mailed  free 
upon  request  to  offices  of  the 
Corporation,  165  Broadway, 
New  York;  Walton  Bldg., 
Atlanta,  Ga. 

In  ternational 
Agricultural 
Corporation 


Farm  Notes. — Two  of  our  Fall  crops 
are  having  a  race  with  Jack  Frost — 
buckwheat  and  Brussels  sprouts.  If  I 
were  a  sport  I  would  back  buckwheat 
and  let  the  sprouts  alone.  The  buck¬ 
wheat  grew  but  slowly  during  the  dry 
weather ;  when  the  rains  came  it  was 
blooming  when  only  a  few  inches  high. 
The  water  started  another  bloom  appar¬ 
ently  and  the  plants  grew  fast.  Thus 
the  grain  was  slow  to  set,  but  it  looks 
good  for  the  race  now.  The  sprouts 
stood  still  during  the  drought  and  got 
behind.  Now  they  are  coming,  and 
may  work  through,  as  they  are  a  cold 
weather  crop.  The  plants  are  all  right, 
and  if  they  have  a  chance  they  will  help 
pay  for  the  new  house.  We  have  some 
buckwheat  seeded  in  drills  like  fodder 
corn  and  cultivated.  It  is  larger  than 
the  broadcast  crop  and  will,  I  think, 
outyield  it.  .  .  .  We  tried  our  hand 
at  growing  mangels  this  year.  In  spite 
of  the  dry  weather  the  crop  is  fair. 
These  beets  are  for  the  cow's  Winter 
feeding.  I  find  there  is  a  good  demand 
for  mangels  from  town  poultrymen. 
They  will  often  pay  one  cent  a  pound 
in  small  lots.  It  is  doubtful  if  the  ac¬ 
tual  feeding  value  of  mangels  will  run 
much  above  $4  per  ton.  .  .  .  To  my 
surprise  the  potted  strawberry  plant 
trade  kept  up  through  September.  We 
ran  out  of  plants.  I  would  not  think  of 
planting  so  late  except  in  the  South;  in 
fact,  we  have  a  job  to  make  people  real¬ 
ize  the  limitation  of  a  potted  plant.  You 
cannot  hope  to  get  a  full  crop  nexl 
Spring.  If  you  get  one  spray  of  good  ; 
berries  you  will  do  well.  By  olanting 
a  few  of  these  plants  you  get  a  little 
fruit  and  can  grow  more  runners  than 
from  the  Spring  set  layer  plant.  That 
is  about  the  story.  h.  w.  c  j 


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1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YOKKEK 


866 


Pluralisms 


FRUIT  FOR  CENTRAL  NEW  JERSEY. 

Part  I. 

A.  M.,  Middlesex  Co.,  N.  J. — I  am  about 
to  set  out  100  apple  and  300  peach  trees ; 
will  you  advise  me  what  varieties  to 
choose  and  when  to  plant  them?  We  have  a 
fertile,  well-drained  piece  of  land ;  soil  is  a 
deep  gravel  loam,  and  at  time  of  writing  is 
in  corn.  We  have  been  thinking  of  plant¬ 
ing  the  apple  trees  30  feet  apart  each  way, 
and  between  the  apple  rows  have  peach 
trees,  and  another  row  of  peaches  be- 
tweeu  two  apple  rows,  making  three  peach 
trees  to  one  of  apple.  This  brings  the  trees 
15  feet  apart  each  way.  What  do  you 
think  of  this  plan?  Do  you  think  the  trees 
will  be  too  close  and  that  the  peach  trees 
will  crowd  the  apple  trees?  1  would,  of 
course,  discard  that  plan  if  you  know  of  a 
better  way  of  planting ;  please  let  me  know. 
When  would  you  advise  planting  trees. 
Spring  or  Fall?  Also,  give  me  the  names 
of  three  good  Fall  varieties  of  apples  that 
do  well  in  our  kind  of  soil  and  climate. 
Apples  must  be  good  market  fruit  and  also 
good  keepers.  The  tree  agent  advises  plant¬ 
ing  Stayman  Winesap  and  Paragon  for 
our  soil;  what  do  you  think  of  these?  As 
to  peaches  the  agent  advises  to  plant  the  10 
following  kinds,  ripening  in  the  order 
named :  Mountain  Iiose,  Champion,  Belle- 
of  Georgia,  Fitzgerald,  Oldmixon,  Elber- 
ta.  Stump. .  Reeves  Favorite,  Fox’s  Seedling, 
Crawford  Date. 

Ans. — A.  M.  wants  a  list  of  nine  or 
more  varieties  of  apples  out  of  a  possible 
100  trees,  also  a  list  of  10  varieties  of 
peaches  out  of  a  possible  300  trees  that 
he  intends  planting.  He  seems  to  have 
taken  some  advice  from  a  tree  agent, 
and  this  agent  has  advised  him  to  plant 
Stayman  and  Paragon.  The  average 
tree  agent  is  no  more  fitted  to  advise 
the  planter  about  varieties  of  fruit  to 
plant  than  he  would  be  to  advise  on 
soils,  fertilizers  or  culture  of  the  trees 
after  he  had  sold  them.  Most  of  the 
men  who  employ  agents  advertise  con¬ 
stantly  for  such  agents,  and  anyone 
reading  such  an  advertisement  as 
“Agent  wanted  to  sell  nursery  stock, 
experience  not  necessary ”  must  be  very 
inexperienced  to  seek  advice  from  such 
agents.  The  agent  is  supposed  to  learn 
his  lesson  well  before  he  starts  on  the 
road,  and  that  is  to  advise  the  planter 
to  plant  such  varieties  as  his  employer 
grows  or  buys  for  him  to  sell.  The 
Stayman  is  a  large,  dark,  dull  red  ap¬ 
ple  of  fair  quality;  the  tree  is  a  good 
grower  and  average  early  bearer.  Mr. 
John  H.  Barclay,  one  of  the  best  apple 
growers  in  New  Jersey,  whose  orchard 
is  in  the  southern  part  of  Middlesex 
County,  had  this  to  say  at  the  Winter 
meeting  of  the  New  Jersey  Horticul¬ 
tural  Society  last  December : 

“I  may  be  mistaken,  but  from  what  I 
can  see  and  learn  I  am  quite  disap¬ 
pointed  in  the  appearance  and  value  of 
the  Stayman,  which  has  been  highly 
recommended  to  us  for  several  years  as 
a  commercial  apple.  It  certainly  has 
some  very  objectionable  qualities.  Its 
general  appearance  is  anything  but  at¬ 
tractive.  It  is  inclined  to  drop  early; 
it  will  crack  long  before  it  is  ripe — it 
will  wither  in  storage  in  the  ordinary 
cellar.  I  fail  to  see  that  it  commands 
any  better  price  than  some  of  our  other 
varieties  which  do  not  have  these 
faults.”  My  observations  of  .the  Stay- 
man  in  different  parts  of  New  Jersey 
agree  with  Mr.  Barclay’s  conclusions. 

The  Paragon  is  another  Winesap 
seedling,  is  a  dark  dull  red  in  color, 
more  flat  in  shape  than  Stayman,  and 
the  tree  is  a  coarser  grower,  is  a  late 
and  very  shy  bearer;  quality  good,  and 
one  of  the  best  keepers  in  an  ordinary 
cool  cellar.  I  would  not  recommend 
either  Stayman  or  Paragon  or  Mam¬ 
moth  Black  Twig  only  for  trial,  unless 
they  are  known  to  do  well  in  the  local¬ 
ity  where  they  are  to  be  planted. 

One  of  the  very  best  Fall  apples  that 
succeeds  over  a  large  territory  is  the 
McIntosh  Red,  an  early  Fall  apple  in 
New  Jersey.  It  will  keep  well  in  cold 
storage,  and  retains  its  splendid  quality 
and  beautiful  color  long  after  removed 
from  storage.  No  orchard  would  be 
complete  without  this  excellent  and 
profitable  variety.  The  Gravenstein  is  a 
very  fine  apple,  ripening  in  September, 
and  when  ripe  it  is  a  beautiful  apple, 
yellow  with  light  and  dark  red  streaked 
and  splashed  over  it,  good  size  and 
splendid  quality;  one  of  our  best  fam¬ 
ily  and  market  varieties.  The  one 
drawback  to  this  splendid  variety  is  the 
time  it  requires  to  come  into  bearing, 
seldom  producing  a  paying  crop  short 
of  12  or  15  years  of  age,  but  once  it 
reaches  the  bearing  age  it  is  a  regular 
and  profitable  producer,  always  com¬ 
manding  the  highest  price  in  any  mar¬ 
ket.  The  Will  iams  Early  Red  is  earlier 
than  the  two  preceding  varieties,  but  is 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  profitable 
market  apples  grown.  This  variety 
should  always  be  grafted  or  budded  on 


some  strong-growing  varieties  like  the 
Northern  Spy,  Northwestern  Greening 
or  Baldwin.  On  its  own  body  it  is  a 
weak,  puny  grower.  The  Starr,  a  large 
green  apple  with  red  cheek  when  well 
grown,  is  a  Summer  and  Fall  variety 
that  has  proved  a  very  profitable  apple. 
It  is  one  of  the  kinds  that  can  be  picked 
and  marketed  with  satisfaction  when 
but  half  grown  and  allow  those  left  to 
grow  on  for  another  picking.  When 
full  grown  it  is  a  large  apple  and  sells 
readily  to  bakers,  being  a  tart  cooking 
apple.  This  variety  should  also  be 
worked  on  the  strong-growing  varieties 
named  above.  Wealthy  is  another  good 
red  Fall  apple  that  succeeds  well  in  this 
section,  comes  early  into  bearing  and  is 
a  profitable  market  variety.  Nyack 
Pippin,  a  large  yellow  apple,  is  a  good 
apple  in  every  way.  Twenty  Ounce 
Pippin  is  a  large  showy  apple,  striped 
and  splashed  with  red,  always  finds  a 
ready  market  at  good  prices  on  account 
of  its  size  and  fine  color.  Pewaukee,  a 
large  red  apple  ripening  during  Septem¬ 
ber  or  early  October,  is  not  so  well 
known,  but  when  well  grown  sells  at  a 
high  price  on  account  of  size,  color  and 
time  of  ripening,  which  is  just  after  the 
earier  apples  and  most  of  the  peaches 
are  gone.  Out  of  these  above  named 
varieties  if  confined  to  three  only  I 
would  plant  first  McIntosh  Red ;  sec¬ 
ond,  Nyack  Pippin;  third,  Twenty 
Ounce  Pippin. 

In  Winter  varieties  my  first  choice 
would  be  Rome  Beauty.  It  is  uniform  in 
size,  large  and  smooth,  shaded  and 
striped  with  bright  red.  It  has  not  been 
planted  as  widely  as  it  deserves  to  be, 
but  is  coming  rapidly  into  favor  in  all 
apple-growing  regions.  In  quality  and 
market  value  Rome  Beauty  excels.  It 
has  an  established  reputation  on  all 
markets,  and  always  brings  good  prices. 
My  next  choice  would  be  White  Ohio 
Pippin.  This  variety  would  have  to  be 
top-worked  either  by  the  planter  or  ar¬ 
ranging  with  some  nurseryman  to  get 
grafts  or  buds  and  grow  them,  as  few, 
if  any,  nurserymen  grow  it.  This  va¬ 
riety  succeeds  well  on  just  such  soil  as 
A.  M.  says  he  has,  but  it  must  have 
high  culture  to  bring  it  to  perfection. 
It  is  then  one  of  the  best  sellers  on  the 
market.  A  beautiful  waxen  whitish 
yellow,  sometimes  with  a  faint  tinge  of 
red  on  the  side  exposed  to  the  sun,  firm, 
crisp,  tender  and  juicy,  of  the  very  best 
quality.  Do  not  buy  trees  of  this  va¬ 
riety;  have  them  grown  for  you.  Jona¬ 
than  is  another  variety  that  is  being 
largely  planted  in  New  Jersey,  where  it 
seems  to  do  well  if  sprayed  and  well 
cared  for;  of  medium  size,  beautiful 
red  color,  and  excellent  quality.  It 
sells  readily  to  the  hotel  trade  on  ac¬ 
count  of  its  medium  size,  beautiful  color 
and  fine  quality.  Nero  is  a  splendid 
apple,  medium  size,  yellow,  almost  cov¬ 
ered  with  a  deep  red,  flesh  yellow,  firm 
and  of  good  quality,  a  good  keeper. 
Tree  a  strong  but  sprawling  grower, 
comes  early  into  bearing.  As  it  grows 
older  the  tree  is  inclined  to  overload 
with  fruit,  and  the  fruit  runs  small. 

E.  S.  BLACK. 

(To  he  conli lined.) 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you  II  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

FOOD  AGAIN 

A  Mighty  Important  Subject  to  Everyone. 

A  Boston  lady  talks  entertainingly  of 
food  and  the  changes  that  can  be  made 
in  health  by  some  knowledge  on  that 
line.  She  says : 

“An  injury  to  my  spine  in  early 
womanhood  left  me  subject  to  severe 
sick  headaches  which  would  last  three 
or  four  days  at  a  time,  and  a  violent 
course  of  drugging  brought  on  consti¬ 
pation  with  all  the  ills  that  follow. 

“My  appetite  was  always  light  and 
uncertain  and  many  kinds  of  food  dis¬ 
tressed  me. 

I  began  to  eat  Grape-Nuts  food  two 
or  three  years  ago,  because  I  liked  the 
taste  of  it,  and  I  kept  on  because  I  soon 
found  it  was  doing  me  good. 

“I  eat  it  regularly  at  breakfast,  fre¬ 
quently  at  luncheon,  and  again  before 
going  to  bed— and  have  no'  trouble  in 
‘sleeping  on  it.’  It  has  relieved  my  con¬ 
stipation,  my  headaches  have  practically 
ceased,  and  T  am  in  better  physical  con¬ 
dition  at  the  age  of  63  than  I  was  at  40. 

“I  give  Grape-Nuts  credit  for  restor¬ 
ing  my  health,  if  not  saving  my  life, 
and  you  can  make  no  claim  for  it  too 
strong  for  me  to  endorse.”  Name  given 
by  Postum  Co.,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

Read  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Well vi lie.”  in  pkgs.  “There’s  a  reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


DAILY 

OUTPUT 

18,000 

BBIS 


YEARLY 

OUTPUT 

OVER 

6,500,000 


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ALPHA 

Send  for  Booklet  and  learn  why  it  is  the  best. 

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ADDRESS 

2  Center  Square,  EASTON,  PA. 


The  Greatest 
Shoe  Value  That 
Money  Can  Procure 


HERE  is  the  chance  for  every 
farmer  to  get  the  best  ser¬ 
viceable  and  sensible  work 
shoe  made— a  shoe  that  is 
honest&ll  through. 

Uppers  and  vamps 
made  of  old-fashioned 
French  kip,  oil-tanned 

moose  and  chrome  _ 

waterproof  leathers — soft  and  pliable,  but  wear 
like  iron.  Soles,  ontside  and  insole,  are  first 
quality  hemlock-tanned  steer’s  hide.  Fastened 
with  old-fashioned  maple  pegsor  brassscrews— no 
stitches  to  rot  or  nails  to  rust.  You  are  not 
taking  a  chance  in  buying  the 

Haskin-Granger  Shoe 

for  we  stand  hack  of  every  one.  We  guarantee 
satisfaction  or  ref  and  your  money.  Write  to-day 
for  illustrations  of  leading  styles,  full  des¬ 
criptions  and  prices.  It’s  the  greatest  shoe  In¬ 
vestment  yon  can  make— one  you  are  absolutely 
cure  of.  Remember,  you  take  no  chances.  We 
refer  yon  to  the  Citizens’  Trust  Co.,  Utica,  N.  Y., 
or  any  other  Utica  bank.  Express  paid  on  orderB 
east  of  the  Mississippi.  W  rite  to-day  —  we 
guarantee  a  square  deal. 

The  Haskin  Shoe  Mfg.  Co. 
115  Meadow  St.,  Stittville,  N.  Y. 


$17.80 

and  up 


Spring  Tooth  Harrows  $  7.20  and  up 

Land  Rollers  -  17.35  and  up 

Grain  Drills  -  -  -  28.80  and  up 

Lime  Spreaders  -  -  23.90  and  up 

Send  for  Complete  Illustrated  Catalog 
Free  on  Request 

Manufacturers 
Distributing  Company 

"Pittsburgh’s  Mail  Order  House ” 

Dept.  H  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

r|  Strongest,  Heaviest,  Most  Durable  Galvanized 

STEEL  FENCE  POST 

made.  Will  not  rot,  rust  nor  burn.  Any 
length,  holds  any  wire  fence,  lower  base 
removable.  May  be  driven  or  anchored. 
Lor  farms,  railroads,  vineyards  ami 
lawns.  Six-foot  posts  85  cents. 

Catalogue  Free 

KENT  STEEL  FENCE  POST  COMPANY 
108  School  Street  Kent,  Ohio 

New  Facts  on  Hay  Presses 

We  have  just  issued  a  new  Free  book  on 
Hay  Presses.  Besides  facts  you  need  to 
s.  (  gfrs.  5  know,  it  tells  about 
■fawn.  the  reliable,  reason- 

able-priced  Hendricks 
— the  Hay  Press  you 
|  have  seen  advertised 
for  years,  and  know 
about.  Send  for  it. 


HENDRICKS  HAY  PRESS  CO..  Cornell  ST..  Kingston.  N.  Y. 


Monarch 


Hydraulic 

Cider  Press 


Net  owners  25#  to  100# 
on  investment  per  year 
Ask  for  Free  Cat¬ 
alog  and  "Good 
Tip”  booklet  tell¬ 
ing  how. 

Monarch  Machinery  Co.,  609  Hudson  Terminal,  New  York* 

7i 


FUMA 


5 J  kills  Prairie  Dogs, 
Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
and  Grain  Insects. 
“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

whli  “Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  ”£1  doing 

EDWARD  It.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. 


R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


“No  Hi 
Signs 


FREE 


I  wan*  to  send  every  Farmer 
reader  of  this  paper  enough 
tine,  large,  “No  Hunting” 
signs  to  cover  his  whole  farm 

All  I  ask  in  return  for  this 
favor  is  your  name,  address 
and  the  number  and  kind 
of  farm  gates  you  are  now 
using.  Then  I  want  to 
send  you  my  Special  Money 
Saving  1912  Proposition  on 

Iowa  Farm  Gates 

You  will  be  under  no  obligation  to  me,  re¬ 
member,  by  accepting  the  Free  “No  Hunting” 
Signs.  I  want  you  to  have  them,  anyway. 
Later,  I  want  a  chance  to  convince  you— as  I 
have  thousands  of  farmers— that  I  can  save 
you  $50  to  1250 — at  least  $10  on  every  gate  you 
buy  from  me.  I  can  do  it  all  right ! 

But  don’t  bother  about  that  right  now— 
ju;t  send  for  your  signs  and  tell  me  how 
many  and  what  kind  of  gates  (wood  or  metal, 
etc.)  you  now  have  on  your  farm. 

As  I  have  only  10,000  of  these  signs,  it 
might  be  a  good  thing  to  let  me  hear  from 
you  right  away.  I  don’t  want  to  disappoint 
any  of  my  Farmer  Friends,  if  I  can  help  it. 
Address  me  personally— 

JOSEPH  D.  CLAY.  Manager 

Iowa  Gate  Co.,  45  Maine  St.,  Cedar  Falls, 


SELF  RAISING  GATeV- 

is  made  for  men  who  investigate, 
who  look  for  proof,  men  who  want 
to  know. 

The  big.  extra  size  frame;  filled  with  the  fam'-’is 
Peerless  fence  of  all  No.  9  wire,  crossbars  6  inches 
apart,  appeals  to  these  careful  buyers. 

All  Galvanized  j  Fillings 

l  Fittings 

They  look  better  and  will  last  longer  than  anv  ^ 
painted  gate.  •'  ' 

Never  sag;  spring  up  free  and  clear  from  the 
gTouncl,  swing  over  snow,  stones,  grass  orrubblsh;  they 
always  work— nothing  to  give  out  and  cause  trouble. 

Ask  your  dealer  about  Peerles  gates.  If  he  doesn’t 
know,  ask  us. 

Peerless  Wire  Fence  Cu.  JSSSSL 


Bsf 

I y 


Keep  the 
rj  Sparrows 

,  pout  of  your 

larin  Door  HANGER 


,  Be  rid  of  these  pests  and  end 
your  hanger  troubles  for  all  time 
by  using 

Louden’s 

Barn  ^Door  HaRgerS 

Always  on  the  job— can’t  be  clogged 
in  any  way,  by  bird’s  nests,  trash, 
snow,  sleet  or  ice. 

It’s  the  only  DOUBLE  FLEXIBLE  Barn  Door 
Hanger  made— its  track  is  flexibly  hung  to  the  wall 
and  swings  out,  releasing  all  accumulated  trash. 

Made  of  the  best  steel,  absolutely  rust-proof, 
and  will  give  a  life-time  of  perfect  service. 

Modernize  YOUR  barn  with  Louden's 
Perfect  Barn  Equipments— Louden’s  Junior  Hay 
Carrier  and  Balance  Grapple  Fork:  Louden’s  Feed 
and  Litter  Carriers;  and  Louden’s  Sanitary  Steel 
Stalls  and  Stanchions.  They  are  all  money  makers 
on  every  farm.  See  them  at  your  dealer’s.  If  he 
hasn’t  them  write  direct  to  us. 

Catalog  and  valuable  booklets  sent  Free  if 
you  send  us  your  dealer’s  name.  Write  today. 

Louden  Machinery  Co., 

601  Broadway, 

FAIRFIELD,  IOWA. 


e©6 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

TIIE  BUSINESS  FARMER’S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Home* 

Established.  iSSO 

Published  we«kly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 

Herbert  W.  Coiajxgwood,  President  and  Editor. 

John  J.  Dielon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wjl  P.  Diixo.v,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Boyi.e,  Associate  Editor. 


SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  $2.04,  equal  to  8s.  6d.,  or 
marks,  or  10><  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line — 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  us  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  hacked  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  trifling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisei-s.  Neither  will  we  be 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural  New-1  okkee 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

Auction  sales  often  give  a  good  idea  of  local  values 
for  farm  stock  and  crops.  We  are  particularly  desir¬ 
ous  of  knowing  the  local  values  of  cows,  sheep,  hens, 
silage,  manure  of  different  kinds  and  crops  in  the  field. 
If  yon  attend  an  auction,  will  you  give  us  a  fair  report 
of  such  prices? 

* 

That  is  a  good  suggestion  for  the  State  fair  mana¬ 
gers  made- by  Mr.  Demary  on  page  961.  Let  there 
be  a  “county  house”  on  the  grounds,  where  the  various 
county  organizations  can  make  exhibits.  Properly 
handled,  this  would  make  a  fine  show  and  a  great 
feature  of  the  fair.  Here  is  a  chance  for  New  York 
to  lead  the  country. 

* 

Those  people  who  were  going  to  put  Dr.  H.  W. 
Wiley  out  of  the  pure  food  and  drug  bureau  must 
feel  like  the  man  who  kicked  the  hat  and  found  there 
was  a  brick  inside  of  it.  The  President  exonerates 
Dr.  Wiley  completely.  There  was  nothing  else  for 
him  to  do,  for  in  all  the  departments  at  Washington 
there  is  no  more  faithful  and  fearless  public  officer. 
Would  that  we  had  several  thousand  more  Dr. 
Wileys  to  stand  on  guard  like  human  bulldogs  in 
places  where  the  people  need  them.  And  now,  Mr. 
President,  what  about  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture, 
James  Wilson?  He  seemed  to  make  it  pretty  much 

a  question  of  Wiley  or  Wilson.  It  is  Wiley  certainly. 

* 

All  through  the  rural  counties  of  New  York  there 
is  a  demand  for  a  Legislature  that  will  serve  the  peo¬ 
ple.  Under  the  old  boss  and  caucus  system  of  nom¬ 
ination  it  is  hard  to  make  a  start,  but  without  question 
the  leaven  is  working.  In  Yates  County  the  Repub¬ 
licans  have  nominated  E.  C.  Gillette,  secretary  of  the 
N.  Y.  State  Fruit  Growers’  Association.  We  have 
known  Mr.  Gillette  for  years.  He  has  stood  up 
straight  and  clean  through  many  a  situation  where 
others  ran  away  or  went  crooked.  Let  Yates  County 
send  him  to  Albany  and  her  farmers  will  have  a  de¬ 
pendable  man,  not  to  be  bribed.,  bulldozed  or  bluffed. 

* 

A  conference  of  governors  was  held  last  week  in 
New  Jersey.  Among  other  things,  the  question  of 
State  rights  was  warmly  discussed.  The  question 
came  to  a  head  over  a  railroad  case  tried  in  Minne¬ 
sota.  The  Legislature  of  that  State  reduced  passen¬ 
ger  railroad  rates  from  three  to  two  cents  per  mile, 
while  the  railroad  commission  cut  merchandise  rates 
20  per  cent,  or  more.  A  judge  of  the  United  States 
Circuit  Court  decided  that  these  reductions  were  con¬ 
fiscatory — so  severe  that  they  did  not  permit  the  rail¬ 
roads  to  earn  fair  dividends.  He  claimed  it  meant 
“taking  property  without  due  process  of  law.”  He 
then  went  on  with  another  objection,  which  was  that 
these  low  rates  within  the  borders  of  Minnesota  inter¬ 
fered  with  or  regulated  interstate  commerce.  The 
argument  is  that  a  shipment,  say  from  Wisconsin 
through  Minnesota  to  some  point  West  or  South,  is 
interstate  commerce,  but  would  be  regulated  by  the 
low  rate  in  crossing  Minnesota.  As  the  Federal  gov¬ 
ernment  regulates  interstate  commerce,  the  right  of 
the  State  to  control  traffic  within  its  borders  would 
fail  if  this  judge  is  correct.  The  governors  intend  to 
make  a  stand  for  the  right  of  the  States  to  regulate 
such  traffic,  and  three  of  them,  headed  by  Governor 
Harmon,  will  attend  the  argument  before  the  Supreme 
Court  to  see  that  the  State’s  position  is  made  clear. 
There  has  been  of  late  years  a  steady  growth  of  senti-. 
ment  in  favor  of  greater  Federal  power.  Much  of 
this  is  justified,  for  some  of  the  States  have  proved' 
very  feeble  in  enforcing  laws  to  protect  their  citizens. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

We  can  easily  remember  going  to  the  New  York 
State  Fair  when  a  single  automobile  was  more  of  a 
novelty  than  a  flying  machine  is  to-day!  We  have 
seen  a  single,  crude  car  crawling  about  the  grounds, 
uncertain  and  slow.  Last  week  we  stood  near  one  of 
the  State  buildings  and  looked  over  more  than  five 
acres  of  automobiles  in  a  solid  bunch.  They  had  been 
left  there  while  the  owners  were  viewing  the  fair.  A 
large  proportion  of  them  were  owned  by  country  peo¬ 
ple.  And  a  few  hundred  feet  above  us  a  flying  ma¬ 
chine,  carrying  two  persons,  was  sailing  about  in  a 
high  wind !  When  we  stop  to  realize  that  all  this 
development  has  been  made  in  about  a  dozen  years  we 
may  well  ask  what  the  next  20  years  have  in  store ! 
Unquestionably  the  tendency  is  to  wipe  out  the  old 
line  between  town  and  country  by  making  communi¬ 
cation  easier  and  quicker,  and  the  problem  is,  What 
effect  will  this  have  upon  the  farmer  as  we  now  know 
him? 

* 

The  people  of  Maine  voted  some  60,000  to  20,000 
in  favor  of  direct  primary  nominations.  The  way  this 
came  about  is  as  interesting  as  a  story.  A  few  years 
ago  the  Republican  State  convention  made  direct  pri¬ 
maries  a  part  of  its  “platform.”  Then  the  Legisla¬ 
ture  repudiated  the  platform.  It  came  up  again  in 
1909  and  was  referred  to  the  Legislature  of  1911.  It 
is  wonderful  how  these  politicians  want  time  to 
“study”  a  question.  The  friends  of  direct  primaries 
saw  that  their  bill  was  to  be  used  as  a  football,  so 
they  went  in  to  do  some  kicking  themselves.  The 
Grange  is  strong  in  Maine,  and  in  1909  the  State 
Master  came  out  with  a  ringing  demand  for  this 
legislation.  Then  a  number  of  citizens  got  together 
and  organized  the  Direct  Primary  League  of  Maine. 
They  studied  the  question  and  then  started  an  or¬ 
ganized  plan  for  arousing  public  sentiment.  Then 
they  had  a  definite  bill  framed — one  that  suited  the 
conditions  in  Maine — and  had  it  discussed  in  all  the 
Granges,  labor  unions  and  other  places  of  meeting 
where  they  could  work  it  in.  The  result  was  that 
public  sentiment  was  aroused  and  the  State  conven¬ 
tions  of  both  parties  favored  it.  The  Direct  Primary 
League  put  no  trust  in  conventions.  Under  the  Maine 
constitution  the  people  can  force  direct  legislation  by 
obtaining  signatures  of  12,000  legal  voters.  These 
names  were  obtained  largely  through  the  State  Grange 
and  the  Federation  of  Labor  with  light  expense.  Then 
the  prepared  bill  went  before  the  Legislature  and  later 
to  the  people.  In  the  Legislature  the  politicians  paid 
little  attention  to  it.  They  passed  an  apology  for  a 
primary  law  and  thought  the  people  would  forget  it. 
There  is  where  they  made  a  mistake.  .Under  the 
constitution  the  real  primary  bill  had  to  go  before  the 
people  the  same  as  the  Prohibition  amendment.  The 
working  people  of  Maine  saw  that  the  politicians 
could  control  the  Legislature  as  long  as  they  could 
nominate  candidates,  so  they  quietly  went  to  the  polls 
and  made  direct  primaries  possible  by  a  vote  of  three 
to  one.  Now  you  will  see  those  “Maine  iacs”  wipe  up 
the  Pine  Tree  State  with  a  few  hundred  political 
parasites !  It  was  a  long  battle,  but  Maine  shows 
New  York  the  way.  In  this  State  the  politicians  in 
both  parties  are  acting  just  as  they  did  in  Maine. 
The  Republicans  failed  to  come  to  the  front.  The 
Democrats  promised  and  the  people  gave  them  a 
chance.  Thus  far  their  promise  has  fizzled  out  like 
a  damp  firecracker.  The  party  has  its  one  great 
chance  in  half  a  century  to  prove  its  right  to  its  own 
name.  Let  it  fail  and  the  rest  of  the  Maine  political 
history  will  be  repeated  here — kicking  out  the  politi¬ 
cal  parasites  and  all. 

* 

There  will  be  no  Canadian  reciprocity.  The 
Canadians  have  settled  that  by  voting  overwhelm¬ 
ingly  against  it.  In  this  country  Congress  passed 
the  bill — the  House  by  a  great  majority  and  the 
Senate  after  a  long  struggle.  The  Canadian  Par¬ 
liament  had  a  majority  of  over  40  in  favor  of 
reciprocity,  but  on  the  demand  of  the  people  a  new 
election  was  held  to  see  whether  this  Parliament 
represented  the  Canadian  people.  The  election 
shows  that  it  did  not,  for  the  old  majority  of  40  lias 
been  changed  to  one  quite  as  large  in  opposition. 
The  question  should  have  been  put  directly  to  our 
own  people  before  Congress  acted.  The  Canadians 
defeated  reciprocity  because  they  felt  that  it  might 
be  a  step  toward  annexation  to  this  country.  While 
the  Canadian  farmers  recognized  the  advantage  of 
a  freer  trade  with  this  country  in  farm  produce, 
they  saw  that  Canadian  manufacturers  still  held 
their  tariff  advantage,  just  as  our  own  farmers  saw 
the  same  injustice  on  this  side.  The  Canadian  peo¬ 
ple  evidently  prefer  enlarged  trade  with  Great 
Britain,  and  are  jealous  of  any  suggestion  about 
changing  their  own  form  of  government.  We  doubt, 
however,  if  the  Western  Canadian  provinces  will 
be  satisfied  to  remain  as  this  election  leaves  them. 


September  30. 

The  country  is  looking  beautiful  since  the  rain,  and 
nature  seems  to  be  rejoicing,  but  human  nature  is  pre¬ 
senting  a  different  aspect.  A  more  disgusted  and  thor¬ 
oughly  vexed  lot  of  dairymen  you  never  got  among.  Lan¬ 
guage  fails  to  express  my  feelings  in  regard  to  the  men 
who  are  responsible  for  the  price  of  milk  to  be  paid  the 
farmers. 

When  language  fails  a  dairyman  his  patience  has 
been  milked  dry,  and  language  may  well  dry  up.  The 
Bordens  have  announced  their  prices  for  the  next  six 
months.  You  will  find  them  on  page  975.  They  run 
from  10  to  15  cents  less  than  last  year.  There  has 
been  a  drought,  and  hay  will  be  short  and  grain  will 
be  high.  The  cost  of  making  good  milk  will  be 
higher,  while  the  Borden’s  cost  of  handling  and  dis¬ 
tributing  cannot  be  said  to  increase.  The  price  to 
consumers  will  not  be  reduced.  The  Bordens  have 
more  money  than  they  know  what  to  do  with,  and 
are  piling  up  millions  of  “surplus.”  Yres,  it  is  time 
for  language  to  fail  and  work  begin.  Just  the  time 
to  read  that  article  by  Mapes  on  page  973. 

* 

His  audience  twice  emphasized  its  desire  for  a  parcels 
post  system.  Mr.  Taft  mentioned  this  incidentally  in 
the  beginning  of  his  address  as  one  of  the  fields  into 
which  the  Post  Office  Department  might  properly  go.  The 
crowd  cheered.  Again  at  the  close  of  his  address  he  in¬ 
cluded  parcels  post  in  a  string  of  benefits  which  he  said 
he  hoped  the  farmers  would  soon  receive.  This  reference 
was  quickly  picked  out  by  the  crowd  and  cheered  even 
more  loudly  than  the  first  time.  Beyond  that  the  crowd, 
which  listened  closely  to  the  address,  did  not  cheer  Mr. 
Taft  until  the  end. 

That  is  from  a  daily  paper’s  report  of  President 
Taft’s  speech  at  the  New  Yrork  State  Fair.  Of  course 
there  was  a  crowd  to  see  the  President,  but  it  was 
a  cold  crowd,  with  more  criticism  than  welcome.  It 
must  be  said  that  the  President’s  speech  was  mostly 
a  collection  of  platitudes  about  agriculture.  When 
he  mentioned  parcels  post,  however,  he  struck  the 
one  single  thing  which  tied  the  audience  to  him. 
For  there  is  no  use  denying  the  fact  that  many  of  the 
Northern  farmers  are  in  revolt  against  the  President. 
If  he  is  wise  he  will  push  parcels  post  harder  than  he 
did  reciprocity. 

* 

As  we  get  down  further  into  this  discussion  of  the 
nursery  agent  question  the  same  old  problem  comes 
up.  Is  The  R.  N.-Y.  run  in  the  interests  of  its 
readers  or  not?  Some  advertisers  appear  to  think 
that  they  and  their  money  should  be  about  the  only 
consideration  worth  discussing.  To  such  people  the 
reader  or  subscriber  is  created  for  their  especial 
benefit.  They  ought  to  be  able  to  see  that  the  policy 
which  The  R.  N.-Y.  stands  for  is  in  the  end  best  for 
the  advertiser.  We  claim  frankly  and  openly  that 
the  interests  of  our  readers  come  first.  The  R.  N.-Y. 
is  published  primarily  for  the  benefit  of  its  subscribers. 
They  know  it,  and  this  very  fact  adds  to  its  value 
as  an  advertising  medium.  That  is  because  its  read¬ 
ers  know  we  want  to  help  them  in  the  advertising 
columns  as  well  as  in  the  editorial.  Any  man  who 
offers  something  that  is  worth  the  price  he  charges 
for  it  knows  the  value  of  the  confidence  which  our 
people  feel.  To  get  back  to  the  nursery  business,  we 
want  our  readers  to  buy  their  plants  and  trees  where 
they  can  get  the  greatest  value  for  their  mon^y.  if 
the  tree  agents  can  give  more  for  a  dollar  than  the 
mail  order  houses  can  they  ought  to  be  able  to  prove 
it,  and  we  invite  them  to  come  up  with  the  proof. 
During  the  past  12  years  the  writer  has  bought  and 
planted  some  4,000  trees,  and  has  figured  with  over 
20  nurseries  and  tree  agents.  If  our  experience  is 
worth  anything  it  shows  that  direct  buying  is  to  be 
preferred.  Perhaps  we  have  never  met  a  tree  agent 
who  put  up  the  strongest  argument  for  his  side.  Our 
present  advice  to  our  readers  is  to  buy  direct.  At 
the  same  time  we  are  open  to  argument.  So,  come 
forward  freely,  gentlemen,  and  tell  us  what  our  people 
can  gain  by  contracting  with  an  agent! 


BREVITIES. 

Get  those  green  tomatoes  under  glass  before  frost. 

Now !  Right  now!  Pick  out  the  laying  pullets  and 
mate  up  the  breeding  pens. 

There  have  been  a  dozen  questions  about  when  to  trim 
peach  trees.  There  seems  to  be  a  desire  to  cut  as  soon  as 
the  leaves  fall.  We  shall  wait  until  late  Winter  and 
Spring. 

The  Georgia  Central  Railroad  plans  to  establish  15  test 
farms  to  advance  scientific  farming,  which  will  ho  dis¬ 
tributed  over  the  territory  of  the  railroad  in  Georgia 
and  Alabama.  The  tests  will  be  made  by  individual 
farmers,  under  the  general  supervision  of  T.  G.  Chastain, 
agriculturist  of  the  Georgia  Central. 

The  consuls  representing  the  United  States  in  all 
parts  of  the  world  have  opportunity  to  got  much  infor¬ 
mation  of  value  to  the  country  in  addition  to  doing  their 
routine  work.  In  order  to  increase  their  usefulness  the 
Government  has  opened  at  Washington  a  consular  school 
in  which  those  newly  appointed  and  their  assistants  will 
do  special  studying  for  30  days  in  subjects  outside  their 
consular  duties,  such  as  plant  collecting,  finance,  manu¬ 
facturers  and  agriculture.  At  some  consular  stations 
there  is  so  little  official  work  that  interest  in  outside 
matters  is  a  practical  necessity. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


967 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

E.  G.  Lewis  shows  the  sort  of  mau  he 
is  when  he  says  he  feels  so  happy  and  care 
free  now.  I  suppose  he  does,  but  a  true 
man  would  feel  worse  than  death  to  think 
of  the  misery  and  anguish  lie  has  caused 
by  his  deception  of  the  thousands  of  vic¬ 
tims.  many  of  whom,  like  myself,  are  ac¬ 
tually  suffering  for  the  need  of  their  money 
which  they  let  him  have.  If  there  is  no 
way  to  punish  that  man  then  there  is  no 
use  having  laws.  He  has  boldly  printed 
enough  to  show  what  he  is,  if  one  will  but 
follow  his  story  through  the  files  of  his 
paper  during  the  past  seven  years. 

What  induced  me  specially  to  invest  in 
his  Publishing  Company  after  his  bank 
was  closed  up,  was  the  enormous  dividends 
and  extra  surplus  he  promised  us,  and  his 
promise  to  give  up  all  the  many  different 
businesses  he  was  connected  with,  except 
his  real  estate  holdings  in  University  City 
and  his  publishing  business,  and  he  said 
he  should  henceforth  devote-  his  entire 
time  and  energy  to  these  two  alone,  and 
he  would  make  the  Publishing  Company 
the  greatest  dividend  payer  in  the  country, 
etc.  At  that  time  I  believed  in  him  and 
trusted  to  him  to  keep  his  word. 

A  VICTIM. 

People  who  know  how  Lewis  swin¬ 
dled  the  old  stockholders  of  the  defunct 
bank  by  shunting  the  stock  into  worth¬ 
less  other  stocks  and  notes,  read  with 
humor  the  reports  of  Lewis’  experts 
and  the  sworn  testimony  of  Lewis  him¬ 
self  that  the  stockholders  were  paid  in 
full.  But  the  actual  victims,  like  the 
above  writer,  read  such  statements  and 
testimony  with  sickening  disgust.  There 
is  no  humor  in  it  for  them.  The  truth 
is  the  great  majority  of  these  stockhold¬ 
ers  never  got  a  cent  except  the  little 
two  per  cent,  evidently  paid  in  the  hope 
of  influencing  more  sales  of  stock.  While 
he  had  promised  that  no  one  concerned 
could  borrow  from  the  bank,  before  the 
bank  was  six  months  in  business,  he  had 
borrowed  from  it  for  himself  and  his 
concerns,  nearly  a  million  dollars,  for 
which  the  bank  held  notes.  He  was 
without  means  to  liquidate  these  notes, 
and  if  forced  to  a  sale  by  the  receiver, 
it  is  doubtful  if  anything  could  be  real¬ 
ized  on  them.  But  Lewis  persuaded  the 
bank  stockholders  to  turn  their  stock 
over  to  him  in  exchange  for  $500,000 
of  worthless  trustee  notes  and  for 
$1,200,000  of  equally  worthless  Publish¬ 
ing  Company  stock,  the  stock  of  the 
Publishing  Company  being  increased  by 
$2,300,000  for  the  purpose — watered. 
This  swap  of  watered  stock  and  worth¬ 
less  notes  to  the  amount  of  $1, 700, 000 
for  bank  stock,  which  had  been  paid  for 
in  cash  at  par,  and  which  yet  had  some 
cash  value,  is  what  they  now  call  paying 
in  full.  And  Lewis  actually  goes 
before  a  Congressional  committee  and 
tells  of  the  trick  as  if  it  were  a 
virtuous  transaction.  He  says:  “They 
were  21  years  of  age,”  intimating 
that  it  was  a  mere  business  transaction 
in  which  he  dealt  with  business  people. 
He  lied,  as  usual.  Some  of  these  vic¬ 
tims  were  not  21  years  of  age.  They 
were  mere  children,  and  many  of  them 
had  no  experience  to  guide  them  in  such 
transactions.  Many,  like  this  woman, 
trusted  confidingly  in  him,  and  put  him 
on  his  honor  for  all  that  she  had  in  the 
world.  Now  he  cynically  tells  her  she 
was  21  years  of  age,  and  ought  to  know 
enough  to  keep  out  of  fake  schemes. 

This  woman  says  she  was  led  to  be¬ 
lieve  in  Lewis  because  of  the  stories  he 
printed  about  his  love  for  his  wife  (a 
reason  to  us  for  being  suspicious  of 
him).  So  she  wrote  him  and  stated 
her  condition.  She  had  $600  left.  She 
was  an  invalid  herself.  Her  husband 
and  child  were  also  invalids,  and  this 
was  all  she  had.  She  must  invest  it, 
she  told  him,  where  she  could  at  once 
begin  to  draw  dividends  from  it.  Lewis 
wrote  her  in  his  reply  to  invest  every  cent 
she  had  with  him,  and  promised  such 
profits  that  it  would  “burn  her  hands.” 
That  was  nearly  eight  years  ago,  Since 
then  two  per  cent,  is  all  she  has  ever 
seen  in  the  way  of  the  promised  profits. 
Later,  when  new  misfortunes  overtook 
her,  she  wrote  again  in  pitiful  appeals 
not  for  herself,  but  for  the  life  of  her 
invalid  child,  but  Lewis  refused  even 
to  acknowledge  her  letters.  The  story 
is  one  to  soften  the  heart  of  the  most 
hardened  wretch.  Few  people  could 
read  it  with  dry  eyes.  Yet  a  woman  of 
culture  and  refinement,  she  shrinks  from 
publicity,  and  hesitates  to  make  a  public 
complaint.  This  sentiment  has  sup¬ 
pressed  many  a  distressing  tale  that  has 
resulted  from  the  Lewis  schemes.  But 
in  her  distress  and  suffering  one  can 
well  sympathize  with  her  feelings  when 
she  reads  the  Lewis  braggadocio  about 
happiness  and  comfort. 

Yet  with  such  records  in  remote  coun¬ 
try  places,  Lewis  has  had  the  effrontery 
to  go  before  a  Congressional  committee 
and  say  under  oath  that  stockholders 
of  the  bank  were  paid  in  full,  and  again 
that  he  paid  those  who  were  in  distress. 
We  have  never  read  a  more  pitiable  or 


dignified  tale  of  distress  than  is  told  by 
this  good  woman,  who  exhausted  every 
means  of  appeal  on  Lewis  for  the  sake 
of  her  invalid  child.  She  appealed  in 
vain. 


NEWS  FROM  ALBANY,  N.  Y. 

The  Deadly  Guai>e  Crossing. — Accord¬ 
ing  to  tables  prepared  by  the  Up-State  Pub¬ 
lic  Service  Commission  New  York  State  has 
expended  since  1897  for  the  elimination  of 
railroad  grade  crossings  a  total  of  $2,850,- 
10<5.  Considering  the  great  railroad  mile¬ 
age  in  the  State  this  expenditure  is  ridicu¬ 
lously  small  in  comparison  with  the  amount 
expended  by  Massachusetts  in  a  period 
just  half  again  as  long — $8,809,021.  There 
still  remain,  outside  the  city  of  New  York, 
8,032  places  where  the  public  highways 
cross  steam  railroad  tracks  at  grade,  of 
which  0,503  are  absolutely  unprotected  by 
gates,  flagmen  or  electric  bells. 

Detection  of  Forest  Fires. — All 
through  the  Adirondack  forest  preserve  ob¬ 
servatories  are  being  erected  to  aid  in  the 
detection  of  lires  which  might  in  the  future 
break  out  in  vicinity  forests.  The  observa¬ 
tories  will  be  equipped  with  powerful 
glasses,  which  will  enable  those  in  charge 
to  ascertain  in  short  order  the  location  of 
incipient  blazes ;  also,  where  possible,  with 
telephones,  thus  affording  an  opportunity  to 
fight  them  before  they  become  of  great 
magnitude.  The  observatories  will  be  in¬ 
habited  by  a  watcher  for  the  entire  24 
hours  of  the  day,  and  the  period  of  obser¬ 
vation  will  be  maintained  from  June  until 
November,  the  principal  fire  season. 

Recent  State  Publications. — The  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture  has  issued  as  Bul¬ 
letin  No.  27  the  agricultural  law  of  the 
State,  complete  up  to  September.  It  is  a 
pamphlet  of  108  pages,  and  may  be  had 
upon  application  to  the  department.  The 
Conservation  Commission  is  sending  out  a 
large  half-sheet  poster  of  fish  and  game 
seasons,  which  gives  complete  information 
to  the  hunter  and  fisherman  as  to  what 
they  may  and  may  not  legally  do.  So 
many  requests  for  information  were  re¬ 
ceived  from  those  desiring  to  start  skunk 
farms  that  this  paragraph  was  included : 
“Propagation  of  skunks  is  permitted  under 
the  authority  of  a  license  issued  by  the 
Conservation  Commission,  provided,  how¬ 
ever,  that  such  skunks  shall  not  be  taken 
wild  during  the  close  season  (March  15- 
November  1),  and  that  such  skunks  shall 
not  be  disposed  of  in  any  way  during  such 
close  season.” 

Another  Railroad  Across  New  York 
State. — The  eastern  capitalists,  who  for 
more  than  two  years  past  have  been  striv¬ 
ing  to  obtain  the  consent  of  the  Up-State 
Public  Service  Commission  to  construct  a 
railroad  from  Buffalo  to  Troy,  to  be 
known  as  the  Buffalo,  Rochester  and  East¬ 
ern,  state  that  they  will  not  be  deterred  by 
the  refusal  of  the  commission  to  grant  the 
necessary  certificates,  but  will  push  the 
matter  in  the  courts.  They  claim  that  pub¬ 
lic  convenience  and  necessity  require  an¬ 
other  railroad  across  the  State.  It  is  in¬ 
teresting  to  note  that  farmers  of  the  west¬ 
ern  section  assert  that  while  the  hearings 
were  in  progress  during  the  past  two  or 
three  years,  and  while  the  New  York  Cen¬ 
tral  and  other  roads  were  vigorously  op¬ 
posing  the  application  of  the  B.  If.  &  E., 
there  was  never  a  time  that  freight  cars 
for  the  shipment  of  peaches  and  other 
fruits  could  not  be  had  in  abundance,  but 
that  now.  in  the  same  sections,  since  it  is 
thought  the  proposed  new  road  to  be  killed 
forever,  there  is  an  exceeding  great  scarcity 
of  cars  and  they  are  so  difficult  to  obtain 
that  fruit  growers  are  experiencing  great 
difficulty  in  marketing  their  products. 

Farm  for  Women  Delinquents. — Many 
years  ago  the  Women’s  Prison  Association 
of  New  York  began  an  agitation  for  a  farm 
to  which  unfortunate  women  might  be  sent 
— the  class  which  is  now  being  sent  for 
vagrancy  and  drunkenness  to  Blackwell's 
Island  and  to  county  jails  on  short  sen¬ 
tences.  It  was  believed  that  these  women, 
not  girls,  many  of  them  if  given  a  chance 
away  from  their  evil  surroundings,  and  an 
opportunity  of  rehabilitating  their  self- 
respect  might  become  decent  members  of 
society.  Finally  the  ladies  interested  in 
the  problem  prevailed,  and  an  appropriation 
was  obtained  from  the  Legislature;  a  farm 
purchasinl  in  Columbia  County,  plans  drawn 
by  the  State  architect  and  approved,  and 
before  another  month  passes  it  is  expected 
that  building  operations  will  begin.  There 
will  be  but  two  cottages  built  this  Fall, 
though  the  complete  plan  shows  an  admin¬ 
istration  building,  a  hospital,  shop  building, 
chapel,  18  cottages  with  a  capacity  of  25 
inmates  and  a  reception  cottage  to  accom¬ 
modate  50  persons.  The  inmates  are  actu¬ 
ally  to  work  the  farm,  and  it  is  hoped  that 
the  c*lony  will  be  practically  self-support¬ 
ing. 

Army  Post  for  Albany.— It  is  an  inter¬ 
esting  fact  that  Albany  is  the  only  capital 
of  any  of  those  of  the  original  13-  States 
that  was  never  in  the  possession  of  a  for¬ 
eign  enemy,  and  doubtless  its  position  at 
the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Hudson 
River  and  its  being  the  natural  gateway 
for  the  Mohawk  and  other  smaller  valleys 
lead  the  authorities  at  Washington  to  af¬ 
firm  that  it  is  the  most  important  strategic 
point  on  the  Atlantic  seaboard.  The  mem¬ 
bers  of  this  State  in  Congress  are  being 
urged  by  the  Legislature  to  advocate  a 
post  of  the  United  States  array  here,  and 
the  movement  is  likely  to  succeed,  as  the 
War  Department  at  Washington  is  under¬ 
stood  to  be  in  favor  of  such  location. 

The  Producer’s  Dollar. — There  is  con¬ 
firmatory  evidence  that  the  producer’s  dol¬ 
lar  is  still  attractive  in  the  fact  that  since 
the  first  of  the  present  month  the  Secretary 
of  State  has  filed  incorporation  papers  of 
dealers  in  farm  produce  with  an  aggregate 
capital  stock  of  more  than  a  quarter  mil¬ 
lion  of  dollars,  most  of  whom  will  operate 
in  Greater  New  Y’ork. 

The  Longest  Session. — The  Legislature 
of  1911  is  still  in  session,  and  no  Legisla¬ 
ture  of  this  State  has  ever  had  so  lengthy  a 
session  as  this,  not  even  in  Colonial  times, 
which  were  supposed  to  be  slow.  There  is, 
however,  a  slight  hope  that  the  end  is  in 
sight.  Tammany  desires  a  new  charter  for 
the  greater  city  of  New  York,  but  this  may 
not  be  enacted  unless  certain  modifications 
are  made  from  the  form  in  which  the  meas¬ 
ure  was  presented  last  week.  If  the  char¬ 
ter  be  not  passed,  then  it  is  feared  that  all 
hope  of  a  direct  primary  bill  must  be  given 
up.  The  friends  of  Governor  Dix  assert 
that  he  is  steadfast  in  his  demands  for 
such  a  measure,  and  will  not  permit  the 


Legislature  to  get  away  without  taking  ac¬ 
tion  of  some  sort  upon  the  question  whether 
the  people  may  select  their  own  candidates 
for  office,  or  be  compelled  to  put  up  with 
those  named  by  political  bosses. 

Chestnut  Tree  Blight  Conference. — 
It  is  now  planned  to  have  a  conference  be¬ 
tween  the  representatives  of  the  forestry 
and  allied,  departments  of  the  Federal  gov¬ 
ernment  and  of  those  States  now  affected 
by  the  chestnut  tree  disease,  together  with 
experts  from  the  principal  agricultural  ex¬ 
periment  stations  to  consider  what  may  be 
done  to  check  the  blight,  to  be  held  in 
Albany  on  or  about  the  20th  of  October. 
It  is  asserted  that  up  to  this  time  no  rem¬ 
edy  for  the  blight  has  been  discovered,  and 
that  the  sole  hope  of  saving  the  chestnut 
trees  in  the  western  portions  of  the  State 
lies  in  quarantining  them.  j. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC.— The  Grand  Jury  at  Butler, 
Fa.,  which  investigated  dynamiting  out¬ 
rages  and  other  acts  of  violence  along  the 
line  of  the  I’ittsburg,  Harmony,  Butler  and 
New  Castle  Railway  Company,  indicted, 
September  13,  20  labor  leaders  and  former 
employees  of  the  company.  Among  those 
named  by  the  Grand  Jury  are  J.  J.  Thorpe, 
of  Pittsburg,  international  vice-president  of 
the  Amalgamated  Association  of  Street  and 
Electric  Railway  Employees,  and  C.  A. 
Betts,  president  of  the  Harmony  local  union 
of  the  association.  Sixteen  of  the  men  are 
charged  with  conspiracy  to  dynamite  cars, 
and  several  arc  charged  with  conspiracy  to 
soap  or  grease  the  tracks. 

A  storm  that  ripped  off  the  roof  of  the 
State  House,  smashed  plate  glass  windows 
right  and  left,  rocked  homes  and  terror¬ 
ized  people  throughout  the  city,  uprooted 
many  trees  and  snatched  the  limbs  off  hun¬ 
dreds  of  others,  struck  Springfield.  Ill.,  Sep¬ 
tember  13,  causing  a  loss  variously  esti¬ 
mated  at  from  $200,000  to  $400,000.  The 
principal  loss  was  in  trees  along  the  bou- 
levarded  streets  and  avenues  of  the  south¬ 
west  part  of  the  city.  It  will  take  $50,000 
to  replace  the  State  House  roof.  The  cop¬ 
per  sheeting  was  rolled  up  by  the  wind  and 
tossed  to  the  lawn  below.  The  glass  door 
of  the  Dome  Building  at  the  fair  grounds 
was  shattered  and  the  roof  was  blown  off 
the  Slattley  plow  works. 

The  entire  force  of  New  Orleans  street 
cleaners,  one  fire  company  with  all  its  ap¬ 
paratus,  and  three  gangs  from  the  parish 
prison  spent  September  13  killing  flies.  The 
flies  were  in  the  molasses  that  flooded  the 
streets  September  1 1  when  the  reservoir  of 
the  Sugar  Planters  Storage  and  Distribut¬ 
ing  Company  burst,  letting  600.000  gallons 
escape.  Flies  were  not  the  only  trouble. 
Great  swarms  of  ants  installed  themselves 
in  stores,  and  homes.  Several  other  bugs, 
genus  unknown  to  local  experts,  also  put 
in  an  appearance  and  varied  a  molasses 
diet  with  anything  else  edible  in  the  vicin¬ 
ity.  The  official  scavengers  started  by  using 
chloride  of  lime  as  a  disinfectant,  but 
ended  with  anything  that  would  smell  bad 
and  have  a  tendency  to  discourage  the 
aggressions  of  flies,  ants  and  bugs.  Crude 
kerosene  blended  its  perfume  with  carbolic 
acid  and  creosote  provided  a  welcome  relief 
to  nostrils  satiated  with  the  stench  of 
spoilt  cane  juice.  Dead  shrimp  by  the  mil¬ 
lion  and  thousands  of  fishes  are  floating  on 
the  surface  of  Lake  Pontchartrain  as  a  re¬ 
sult  of  their  feeding  on  molasses  which 
came  from  the  sewers. 

Twenty-one  persons,  men,  women  and 
children,  who  were  saved  from  death  in 
the  tropics  by  the  crew  of  a  United  Fruit 
Company  vessel,  were  brought  to  New  Or¬ 
leans  September  14.  The  21  are  what  is 
left  of  a  party  that  went  some  time  ago 
from  Polk  County.  Fla.,  to  form  a  colony 
at  Arminion,  18  miles  from  Ceiha,  on  the 
coast  of  Honduras.  They  fared  badly  from 
the  start  and  finally  an  epidemic  broke  out 
among  them.  Five  of  their  number  died 
and  the  living  had  given  up  hope  of  deliv¬ 
erance  when  they  were  found  by  the  crew 
of  the  vessel.  The  21  were  victims  of  fever 
and  were  without  medicine,  food  or  friends. 
The  refugees  were  removed  to  the  Charity 
Hospital.  Mayor  Behrman  has  completed 
arrangements  for  free  transportation  to 
Tampa. 

A  plan  to  beat  the  so-called  beef  trust 
at  its  own  game  has  been  adopted  by  the 
Consumers’  and  Producers’  Congress  ex¬ 
ecutive  committee  at  Fort  Worth,  Tex.  The 
new  organization,  supported  by  the  Texas 
Cattle.  Raisers’  Association,  will  organize 
and  incorporate  a  selling  company  or 
bureau  with  a  capital  of  $3,000,000.  The 
company  will  have  branch  offices  in  New 
York,  Chicago,  St.  Louis  and  Kansas  City. 
The  corporation  will  handle  the  entire 
marketing  of  livestock  for  the  Southwest 
and  will  force  the  packing  houses,  as  far 
as  possible,  to  buy  through  its  bureau  in¬ 
stead  of  direct  from  the  rancher.  With 
large  yard  facilities,  the  central  bureau 
expects  to  be  able  to  hold  shipments  and 
thereby  compel  the  packing  houses  to  meet 
the  producers’  terms.  The  headquarters  of 
the  new  company  will  be  at  Fort  Worth, 
TeX. 

The  local  board  of  health  at  South  Nor¬ 
walk,  Conn.,  Septemlier  15  decided  to  make 
the  picking  of  mushrooms  and  toadstools 
a  misdemeanor,  subject  to  a  fine  or  jail 
penalty.  This  section  of  the  country  near 
the  salt  water  abounds  in  mushrooms,  and 
the  poor  people  during  August  and  Sep¬ 
tember  obtain  a  good  portion  of  their  food 
from  them.  The  poisonous  toadstool  also 
abounds,  and  few  can  tell  the  difference. 
A  city  ordinance  prohibiting  the  gathering 
of  the  fungi  is  to  be  offered.  Several  fa¬ 
talities  have  occurred  from  toadstools. 

After  two  months  spent  in  the  Rockies 
Dr.  W.  Collie  and  A.  I..  Mumun.  of  Lon¬ 
don,  returned  to  Edmonton.  Alberta,  Sep¬ 
tember  18.  Their  explorations  led  them 
into  hitherto  untravelled  regions  north¬ 
west  of  Mount  Robson.  They  had  two 
pack  horses.  In  some  places  the  forests 
were  so  hard  to  penetrate  that  the  way 
had  to  be  cut  through.  They  made  several 
discoveries.  In  one  place  they  came  across 
two  great  glaciers,  perhaps  larger  than  any 
known  to  exist  in  the  Rockies,  and  sighted 
a  towering  peak  that  had  the  appearance 
of  being  even  higher  than  Mount  Robson. 
One  of  the  glaciers  was  40  to  50  miles  in 
length  and  seven  or  eight  miles  in  width 
and  of  striking  formation. 

Sheriff  De  Mott,  of  Nassau  County,  New 
York,  received  an  order  September  18  from 
the  Bureau  of  Agriculture  instructing  him 


to  establish  a  dog  quarantine  in  Oyster 
Bay  Township.  According  to  the  orders  of 
the  bureau,  no  dogs  may  be  taken  from 
the  township  without  a  special  permit,  nor 
any  dogs  admitted  until  further  instruc¬ 
tions.  Last  Spring  dogs  supposed  to  have 
rabies  bit  several  horses  and  cows.  The 
township  appealed  to  the  bureau  for  aid, 
and  so  urgent  became  the  appeals  that  the 
bureau  decided  to  act.  Much  surprise  was 
expressed  with  it  was  learned  that  the 
County  of.  Nassau  would  have  to  bear  the 
expense  of  the  quarantine,  which  will  in¬ 
clude  putting  up  posters  and  the  employ¬ 
ment  of  deputies  to  see  that  the  orders  of 
the  bureau  are  carried  out  strictly. 

Dr.  Harvey  W.  Wiley’s  inspection  force 
of  the  Pure  Food  Department  made  public 
September  19  the  results  of  an  investiga- 
tion  of  a  New  Jersey  “rendering  plant,” 
which  has  lately  combined  the  business  of 
preparing  “pickled  horse  moat”  for  Euro¬ 
pean  consumption  with  that  of  manufac¬ 
turing  fertilizer  and  other  products  from 
the  carcasses  of  animals.  Eugene  J.  Schwarz, 
of  the  Schwarz  Brothers  Company,  of 
Kearny,  N.  J.,  which  is  the  concern  named 
by  the  Federal  investigators,  stated  that 
no  diseased  horses  or  horses  dead  by  other 
moans  than  slaughter,  were  converted  into 
pickled  .  meat  for  human  consumption, 
though  m  this  he  is  not  supported  by  the 
reports  of  the  V  ilcy  men.  The  Federal  in- 
soectors  turned  the  case  over  to  the  New 
Jersey  State  Board  of  Health  at  the  last 
minute,  however,  because  an  interstate  and 
international  shipment  which  would  have 
brought  the  matter  into  the  jurisdiction  of 
*'  s  mon  ."as  ^Hd  UP  an<!  delayed. 

Mr  Schwarz  said  that  the  main  business 
of  his  firm  had  been  the  rendering  of  dead 
animals  into  fertilizer  and  other  products. 
In  the  course  of  that  business  thev  are 
often  called  upon,  he  said,  to  remove  ani¬ 
mals  which  had  been  in  prime  condition, 
but  which  were  killed  because  of  a  broken 
leg  or  some  injury  not  affecting  the  health 
of  tno  HTiimHl.  As  this  kind  of  roent  was 
considered  proper  food  in  some  European 
countries  the  firm  took  up  the  business  of 
pickling  and  exporting  horse  moat,  and  to 
that  end  endeavored  to  secure  United 
States  inspection  and  tagging  of  their  pro¬ 
duct.  Solicitor  McCabe,  of  the  Department 
of  Agriculture,  however,  said  Mr.  Schwarz, 
ruled  that  the  meat  inspection  law  did  not 
take  cognizance  of  horse  meat,  and  under 
that  ruling  inspection  was  denied  them. 
That  got  them  into  trouble  with  the  gov¬ 
ernment  of  Holland,  but  the  trouble  was 
later  smoothed  out  by  an  agreement  of  the 
Schwarz  firm  to  have  their  product  in¬ 
spected  and  certified  by  a  veterinarian. 


COMING  FARMERS’  MEETINGS. 

Apple  Carnival,  Martinsburg,  W.  Va„  Sep¬ 
tember  27-29. 

«^IIlinois  state  Fair>  Springfield.  September 
20-October  7. 

ogNew  Jersey  Fair,  Trenton,  September  25- 
^Connecticut  state  Fair,  Berlin,  September 

Connecticut  Pomological  Society,  Berlin, 
September  26. 

Good  Roads  Convention,  Roanoke,  Va„ 
October  4-5. 

National  Nut  Association,  Mobile,  Ala., 
October  5-7. 

Virginia  State  Fair,  Richmond,  October 
9-14. 

Massachusetts  Poultry  Association,  Am¬ 
herst.  October  11-12. 

New  England  Fruit  Show,  Boston,  Mass.. 
October  23-28. 

National  Dairy  Show,  Chicago,  Ill..  Oc¬ 
tober  26-Novomber  4. 

National  Creamery  Butter  Makers’  Asso¬ 
ciation,  Chicago,  November  1-3. 

Indiana  Apple  Show,  Indianapolis,  No¬ 
vember  6-11. 

Maine  Corn  and  Fruit  Show,  Portland, 
November  6-11. 

Massachusetts  Corn  Show,  Springfield, 
Mass.,  November  11-18. 

Boston  Chamber  of  Commerce  Agricul¬ 
tural  Exhibit,  October  2-31. 

American  Road  Congress,  Richmond,  Va., 
November  20-23. 

Maine  Seed  Improvement  Association, 
Waterville,  November  21-23. 

National  Apple  Show,  Spokane,  Wash., 
November  27-30. 

Conventions  Pennsylvania  Live  Stock  and 
Horticultural  Associations,  Duquesnc  Gar¬ 
den,  Pittsburg,  January  15-20. 

Livingston  County,  N.  Y.,  Poultry  Show, 
January  16-19,  1912. 


The  Maine  State  Granges  and  Direct  Pri¬ 
maries. 

I  would  like  to  reply  briefly  to  the  criti¬ 
cism  of  “A  Maine  Farmer”  on  page  904. 
This  is  more  particularly  desirable,  as  The 
R.  N.-Yr.  is  the  only  paper  I  know  of  that 
circulates  among  the  farmers  of  the  State 
that  has  taken  a  stand  in  favor  of  direct 
primaries,  or  to  which  they  could  look  for 
a  fair  and  unbiased  statement  of  the  ques¬ 
tions  at  issue. 

“A  Maine  Farmer”  speaks  slurritigly  of 
the  work  of  the  Grange  and  says:  “Just 
think  of  it !  The  State  Grange  ait  the  field 
meetings  held  all  over  the  State,  this  month, 
has  had  speakers  on  ‘good  roads,’  ‘parcels 
post’  and  ‘prohibition,’  hut  not  a  cent  has 
been  spent  to  talk  direct  primaries.”  Now, 
what  are  the  facts?  Let  us  see.  The 
State  Grange  held  18  field  meetings  in 
August,  one  in  every  county  and  two  in 
Aroostook  and  Oxford  counties.  At  15  of 
these  meetings  the  best  speaker  upon  direct 
primaries  to  be  obtained,  was  present,  and 
had  a  fair  amount  of  time  allotted  to  him. 
The  only  reason  there  was  no  speaker  at 
the  other  three  meetings  was  because  none 
could  be  obtained. 

Nor  is  this  all.  At  every  field  meeting 
last  year  direct  primaries  had  a  prominent 
place  on  the  programme,  and  the  12,000 
petitioners,  who  initiated  the  bill  were  ob¬ 
tained  largely  through  the  Granges  or  peti¬ 
tions  sent  from  the  State  Grange.  Now 
that  the  bill  has  become  a  law  by  a  vote 
of  three  to  one  majority,  the  people  of  the 
State  may  thank  the  Grange  for  its  efforts, 
and  rest  assured  that  without  them  this  at¬ 
tempt  at  self  government  would  have  sig¬ 
nally  failed,  and  the  first  attempt  to  enact 
a  law  by  the  people  would  have  gone  for 
naught,  and  their  last  condition  of  political 
bossism  would  have  been  worse  than  the 
first.  B.  WALKER  M’KEEN. 

Maine. 


888 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


September  30. 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

OPPORTUNITY. 

They  do  me  wrong  wlio  say  I  come  no  more 
When  once  I  knock  and  fail  to  find  you 
in; 

Por  every  day  I  stand  outside  your  door, 
And  bid  you  wake,  and  rise  to  fight  and 
win. 

Wail  not  for  precious  chance's  passed  away, 
Weep  not  for  golden  ages  on  the  wane ; 
Each  night  I  burn  the  records  of  the  day ; 
At  sunrise  every  soul  is  born  again. 

*  *  *  *  *  *  * 

Tho’  deep  in  mire,  wring  not  your  hands 
and  weep ; 

I  lend  my  arm  to  all  who  say  “I  can !” 
No  shamefaced  outcast  ever  sank  so  deep 
Rut  yet  might  rise  and  be  again  a  man. 

Dost  thou  behold  thy  lost  youth  all  aghast? 
Dost  reel  from  righteous  retribution’s 
blow  ? 

Then  turn  from  blotted  archives  of  the  past 
And  find  the  future's  pages  white  as 
snow. 

i 

Art  thou  a  mourner?  Rouse  thee  from  thy 
spell ; 

Art  thou  a  sinner?  Sins  may  be  for¬ 
given  ; 

Each  morning  gives  thee  wings  to  flee  from 
hell, 

Each  night  a  star  to  guide  thy  feet  to 
heaven. 

— Walter  Malone. 

* 

Pickled  carrots  are  recommended  as 
an  attractive  garnish  for  cold  meat,  and 
appetizing,  too.  Scrape  and  cut  length¬ 
wise  nice  smooth  carrots ;  when  boiled 
drain  and  pack  in  glass  cans,  putting  in 
each  jar  a  slice  of  lemon,  a  bay  leaf, 
and  a  teaspoonful  of  celery  seed,  fill  the 
jar  with  cold  vinegar,  and  seal.  Let 

stand  about  four  days  before  using. 

* 

Newspapers  report  that  a  party  con¬ 
sisting  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  C.  W.  Kirk- 
ham,  Jr.,  and  their  four  children  arrived 
September  6  at  Middletown,  Conn.,  by 
wagon  from  Minnesota,  completing  a 
trip  of  1,900  miles  from  Staples,  which 
they  left  on  June  28.  The  party  aver¬ 
aged  about  30  miles  a  day.  Seventeen 
Minnesota  chickens,  which  were  carried 
in  a  small  coop  under  the  wagon,  laid 
their  usual  average  of  eggs  all  the  way. 
This  recalls  the  wagon  trip  recorded  in 
The  R.  N.-Y.  under  the  title  of  “A  Trek 

to  the  South,”  a  few  years  ago. 

* 

A  most  delicious  and  festive  dessert 
that  is  very  easily  prepared  has  musk- 
melon  and  plain  vanilla  ice  cream  for 
its  basis.  The  melons,  very  cold,  are 
cut  in  half,  and  the  seeds  and  strings 
removed.  The  flesh  is  then  scooped  out 
carefully,  cut  into  dice,  sprinkled  with 
powdered  sugar,  and  returned  to  the 
half  rinds,  each  half  being  placed  on  a 
serving  plate.  Ice  cream  is  then  spread 
in  a  smooth  mound  over  the  diced 
melon,  a  tablespoonful  of  raspberry 
syrup  poured  over  each  portion,  and  a 
little  grated  cocoanut  sprinkled  over  the 
top.  It  is  well  to  press  down  the  top 
of  the  ice  cream  a  little,  so  that  all  the 
syrup  will  not  run  down  the  sides.  This 
is  a  delicious  dessert,  and  one  that  does 
not  mean  as  much  exertion  as  some  less 

dainty  dishes  that  need  more  work. 

* 

The  first  week  in  September  nineteen 
deaths  and  numerous  cases  of  serious 
illness  were  reported  in  and  around  New 
York,  as  the  result  of  toadstool  poison¬ 
ing,  most  of  the  victims  being  Italians. 
No  clue  is  given  by  the  newspapers  as 
to  the  identity  of  the  poisonous  fungi, 
but  there  is  little  doubt  that  in  most,  if 
not  in  all  these  cases,  the  poisoning  was 
caused  by  the  death  cup,  Amanita  phal- 
loides,  which  is  the  most  dangerous  of 
all  fleshy  fungi.  It  is  a  nice-looking 
white  or  straw-colored  fungus,  fresh 
and  clean  in  appearance,  with  no  evil 
smell  or  taste.  The  cap  is  satiny,  the 
gills  white.  In  the  common  edible 
mushroom,  the  veil  of  white  skin  which 
sheathes  the  little  button  forms  when 
ruptured  a  ring  around  the  stem,  which 
is  straight  all  the  way  down.  In  the 


death  cup  the  stem  swells  out  to  a  bul¬ 
bous  base,  which  is  set  in  a  cup  formed 
by  this  veil — there  is  no  such  cup  in  the 
real  mushroom.  The  Amanita  grows 
most  freely  in  pine  woods,  sometimes  on 
the  edges  of  lawns,  but  not  in  meadows. 
The  death  cup  resembles,  at  first  glance, 
the  common  mushroom,  but  is  more  like 
another  edible  species,  the  smooth 
lepiota,  but  the  latter  has  no  sheathing 
cup,  and  grows  chiefly  in  meadows. 
There  is  no  bad  taste  to  warn  the  vic¬ 
tim  of  the  Amanita,  and  it  is  usually 
nine  to  14  hours  -  after  eating  before 
symptoms  of  poisoning  appear.  The  fly 
Amanita,  another  poisonous  species,  is 
less  likely  to  be  eaten  by  mistake,  its 
warty  cap  and  bulbous  stem  giving 
warning.  The  inexperienced  mushroom 
hunter  should  confine  his  researches  to 
the  open  fields,  avoiding  woods  species, 
and  if  he  will  stick  to  the  common  field 
mushroom,  the  little  fairy  ring  and  the 
puff  ball,  he  will  keep  out  of  danger. 
Bulletin  20  of  the  Division  of  Botany, 
U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  “Prin¬ 
cipal  Poisonous  Plants  of  the  United 
States,”  by  V.  K.  Chesnut,  pictures  the 
death  cup  and  the  fly  Amanita,  as  well 
as  a  number  of  other  dangerous  plants ; 
a  study  of  this  bulletin  will  be  found 
very  profitable. 

* 

La  Follette’s-  Weekly  says  that  a 
teacher  of  English,  in  order  to  disprove 
the  charge  that  high  school  pupils  know 
little  about  the  really  vital  things  that 
are  going  on  around  them,  gave  a  test 
in  which  she  asked  for  definitions  of 
such  terms  as  tariff,  reciprocity,  the 
labor  problem.  In  the  paper  of  a  fifteen- 
year-old  girl  she  found  this :  “The  labor 
problem  is  how  to  keep  the  working- 
people  happy  without  paying  them 
enough  to  live  on.”  It  seems  to  us 
that  this  is  the  specific  problem  now- 
confronting  all  those  wise  men  who  are 
so  anxious  to  uplift  the  rural  population. 
The  farmer  who  is  getting  adequate  re¬ 
turns  for  the  industry  and  intelligence 
invested  in  his  work  can  cope  with  his 
own  problems ;  the  commissions  and 
conferences  for  rural  betterment  seem 
most  anxious  to  make  the  farmers  con¬ 
tented  without  considering  the  question 
of  a  living  wage. 

Tomato  Chutney. 

Will  you  reprint  the  recipe  for  “tomato 
chutney”  which  came  out  under  the  heading 
“Savory  Relishes”  several  years  ago?  It 
called  for  tomatoes,  apples,  raisins,  spices, 
etc.  A  friend  borrowed  my  copy  and  never 
returned  it,  and  I  cannot  remember  the 
correct  proportions.  c.  E.  ii. 

Tomato  Chutney. — Two  pounds  ripe 
tomatoes,  two  pounds  sugar,  one-half 
pound  green  ginger,  one  pound  raisins 
stoned,  one-fourth  pound  of  salt,  one 
ounce  garlic,  one-half  ounce  powdered 
chillies,  one  quart  vinegar.  Place  the  to¬ 
matoes  in  a  shallow  pan  and  put  in  an 
oven  till  they  crack,  when  the  skins 
can  be  readily  removed.  Peel  and  core 
and  boil  them  with  one-half  of  the 
vinegar  10  minutes.  Pound  or  grind 
the  ginger,  garlic  and  raisins  with 
enough  vinegar  to  make  them  into  a 
paste.  Boil  the  sugar  with  the  remain¬ 
der  of  the  vinegar  into  a  thick  syrup. 
Mix  all  the  ingredients  together  with 
the  salt  and  chillies,  and  boil  till  the 
fruit  and  syrup  run  the  one  way  when 
put  on  a  plate  held  sideways.  Bottle 
and  seal. 

Chutney  Sauce. — Eight  ounces  of  tart 
apples,  peeled  and  cored,  eight  ounces 
of  peeled  tomatoes,  eight  ounces  brown 
sugar,  eight  ounces  salt,  four  ounces 
powdered  ginger,  four  ounces  red  pep¬ 
pers,  two  ounces  shallots  (or  onion), 
two  ounces  garlic.  Pound  all  together 
in  a  mortar  (or  pass  through  a  chopper 
set  to  cut  fine)  and  put  all  the  ma¬ 
terials  together  in  a  jar  with  2)4  pints 
good  vinegar.  Place  the  jar  in  a  warm 
place,  covered  for  one  month,  stirring 
with  a  wooden  spoon  twice  every  day. 
At  the  end  of  the  time  pass  the  chutney 


through  a  sieve,  and  bottle,  when  it  is 
ready  for  use.  The  intense  heat  of  the 
peppers  grows  milder  with  keeping,  and 
the  chutney  improves  and  becomes  richer 
in  flavor.  This  is  an  old  English  recipe, 
originally  received  from  India. 

The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  alzuays  give 
number  of  patterns  and  measurements 
desired. 

A  popular  skirt  model  is  shown  in  No. 
7147.  The  skirt  is  made  in  six  gores. 
There  are  extensions  on  the  side  gores 


7147  Six  Gored  Skirt,  22  to  32  waist, 
that  form  the  inverted  plaits.  The  edges 
of  front  and  back  gores  are  turned  well 
under,  then  arranged  over  the  side  gores 
and  stitched;  the  edges  are  joined  bc- 
ne..ih  the  plaits.  For  the  medium  size 
will  be  required  8J4  yards  of  material 
27,  4  yards  36  or  44  inches  wide  when 
material  has  figure  or  nap ;  6)4  yards  27 
or  3)4  yards  44  inches  wide  when  ma-  i 
terial  has  neither  figure  nor  nap,  the  I 
width  of  the  skirt  at  the  lower  edge  is 
3%  yards,  2)4  yards  when  plaits  are 
laid.  The  pattern,  No.  7147,  is  cut  in  1 
sizes  for  a  22,  24,  26,  28,  30  and  32  inch  j 
waist  measure ;  price  10  cents. 

The  smaller  pictures  include  7142, 
tucked  blouse  or  shirt  waist,  34  to  44 
lust.  7127,  short  coat,  for  misses  and 
small  women,  14,  16  and  18  years,  with 
three-quarter  or  long  sleeves,  with  sailor 
collar  that  can  be  made  square  or  with 
one  or  two  points  at  the  back.  7097, 


fancy  waist,  34  to  42  bust,  with  low  or 
high  neck,  fancy  short  or  three-quarter 
plain  sleeves.  7083,  circular  skirt,  with 
adjustable  train  and  panel,  22  to  32 
waist,  with  high  or  natural  waist  line, 
dart-fitted  or  gathered,  in  round  or 
walking  length.  7118,  girl’s  dress,  8,  10 
and  12  years,  with  high  or  round  neck. 
7134,  two-piece  skirt  with  underlying 
side  panels,  for  misses  and  small  women, 
14,  16  and  18  years;  price  of  each  10 
cents. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


La  L  it  SVzoixz/  TTa  1  s 

FLEECE -LINED  WOOL  UNDERWEAR, 
will  keep  me  warm 

WOOL  Underwear  is  best  for 
all  seasons,  especially  Winter. 
State  Depts.  of  Health  recommend  it. 


HEALTH  UNDERWEAR 

is  pure  all-wool  woven  with  a  loop-stitch  that 
can’t  mat  after  washing — won’t  close  up  the  air 
spaces  needed  for  ventilation.  Also  it  is  fleece- 
lined — won’t  irritate  the  skin — is  soft  and  smooth. 

Perfect-fitting  and  long-wearing. 
Wright’s  Health  Underwear  is  made  in  all  weights 
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Franklin  Street,  New„York 


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B'J!) 


More  About  Fleas. 

I  see  in  a  late  issue  an  inquiry  on 
how  to  get  rid  of  fleas.  The  best  remedy 
I  have  found  is  the  use  of  the  common 
fly  paper  “Tangle-Foot.”  Place  it  un¬ 
der  the  beds  far  enough  not  to  step  on 
it,  under  chairs  or  tables,  or  anything 
to  keep  it  where  they  will  be  likely  to 
jump  on  it.  Every  one  that  gets  on  it 
is  sure  to  stick.  If  they  get  in  beds  this 
is  the  best  way  I  have  tried  to  get  rid 
of  them.  Shake  them  off  and  they  jump 
on  the  paper.  j.  w.  m. 

Jelly  Roll. 

Would  you  give  me  a  recipe  for  rolled 
jelly  cake?  mrs.  a.  l. 

Three  eggs,  one  cup  sugar,  half  table¬ 
spoon  milk,  one-quarter  teaspoon  salt, 
one  level  teaspoon  baking  powder,  one 
cup  flour,  one  tablespoon  melted  butter. 
Line  the  bottom  of  the  pan  (which 
must  be  flat)  with  paper;  spread  cake 
evenly  on  paper;  bake  in  a  quick  oven. 
When  baked  turn  out  flat  on  a  paper 
sprinkled  with  sugar,  spread  with  jelly 
and  roll.  Roll  the  paper  around  the 
cake  to  keep  in  shape  until  cool. 

Canning  Swiss  Chard. 

Will  you  give  recipe  for  canning  Swiss 
cbard?  w.  e.  c. 

Can  any  of  our  readers  give  experi¬ 
ence  on  this  point?  We  have  never 
heard  of  anyone  canning  chard.  We 
only  cook  the  thick  midrib,  like  celery; 
if  this  was  to  be  canned  we  would  pre¬ 
pare  as  for  the  table,  boil,  drain,  and 
then  till  into  cans,  adding  boiling  salted 
water  to  till  the  cans  full ;  set  the  cans 
in  a  large  kettle  with  water  to  come 
half-way  up,  and  either  cook  one  hour, 
or  cook  for  half  an  hour  three  suc¬ 
cessive  days,  seeing  that  the  cans  were 
full  to  overflowing  before  sealing.  If 
the  leaves  were  used  we  would  treat 
like  spinach;  boil,  drain,  fill  solid  into 
cans,  and  then  process  like  the  above. 
What  advice  do  our  friends  offer? 


are  a  nuisance  to  gardeners,  fruit  grow¬ 
ers,  and  most  of  all,  to  greenhouse  men. 
Their  industry  in  carting  scale  insects 
and  aphides  around,  and  colonizing  these 
pests,  makes  their  presence  extremely 
undesirable.  The  ant  possesses  indus¬ 
try  and  judgment,  but  there  is  too  much 
ego  in  his  cosmos ! 

Apple  Sauce  Cake  ;  Soft  Molasses 
Cake. 

Will  you  give  me  the  recipe  for  apple 
sauce  cake  and  soft  molasses  cake?  I  had 
the  recipe  for  apple  sauce  cake  once,  but 
lost  it :  I  think  you  had  it  printed  a  year 
or  so  ago.  mrs.  j.  p.  r. 

Apple  Sauce  Cake. — One  cup  sugar, 
half  cup  shortening,  one  saltspoon  salt, 
half  teaspoon  ground  cloves,  one  tea¬ 
spoon  cinnamon,  half  teaspoon  grated 
nutmeg,  V/2  cup  raisins,  more  fruit  if 
desired;  one  teaspoon  soda  dissolved  in 
a  little  water,  one  cup  unsweetened 
apple  sauce.  Put  the  dissolved  soda  into 
the  sauce,  let  it  foam  over  the  ingre¬ 
dients;  1$4  cup  flour;  bake  45  minutes. 

Molasses  Cake. — One  cup  molasses, 
two  tablespoon  fuls  melted  butter,  one 
cup  boiling  water,  one  teaspoonful  soda 
or  saleratus,  three  cups  of  flour,  one 
tablespoonful  of  ginger.  Dissolve  the 
soda  or  saleratus  in  a  tablespoonful  of 
boiling  water,  and  add  it  to  the  mo¬ 
lasses,  then  add  the  melted  butter,  boil¬ 
ing  water,  ginger  and  flour.  Beat  until 
smooth  and  bake  in  a  moderate  oven  30 
minutes. 

Another  very  good  molasses  cake  is 
made  as  follows:  One-half  cup  of  New 
Orleans  molasses,  half  cup  sour  cream, 
butter  the  size  of  an  egg,  half  cup  of 
brown  sugar,  one  egg,  one  teaspoonful 
soda  or  saleratus,  two  cups  flour.  Dis¬ 
solve  soda  in  a  tablespoonful  of  boiling 
water,  and  add  to  molasses.  Beat  egg 
and  sugar  together  till  light,  then  add 
molasses,  cream  and  flour,  beat  till 
smooth,  and  if  liked  add  a  teaspoonful 
of  cinnamon  or  a  tablespoon ful  of  gin¬ 
ger.  Bake  in  shallow  pan  in  a  moderate 
oven  for  30  minutes. 


Oil  Stove  Experience  Wanted. 

Could  I  get  any  information  as  to  kero¬ 
sene  heaters — whether  they  are  odorless, 
and  how  the  cost  of  kerosene  at  11  cents  a 
gallon,  compares  with  that  of  coal  at  $0.75 
per  ton  ?  The  room  to  be  heated  is  not 
large,  has  low  ceiling  and  is  stone  and 
warm.  A.  E.  F. 

What  can*  our  readers  tell  us  about 
oil-stove  heating?  We  think  the  oil 
stove  a  wonderful  help  in  the  kitchen,  in 
any  place  where  a  gas  range  is  unat¬ 
tainable,  but  we  must  own  that  we  do 
not  like  oil  heaters.  The  oxygen  is  con¬ 
sumed  so  rapidly  that  very  great  care 
in  ventilation  is  needed  to  avoid  head¬ 
ache  and  the  sense  of  oppression  re¬ 
sulting  from  a  vitiated  atmosphere.  Of 
course  this  trouble  could  be  avoided 
with  proper  care,  and  as  we  often  find 
unheated  rooms  with  no  chimney  con¬ 
nection,  the  oil  heater  is  the  only  means 
of  providing  warmth  in  them.  We  are 
informed  that  in  Paris  the  building  laws 
compel  some  sort  of  ventilator  in  rooms 
where  oil  stoves  are  used,  but  this  may 
be  due  quite  as  much  to  the  use  of 
charcoal  as  of  oil  for  fuel.  Can  anyone 
give  us  a  fair  comparison  between  oil 
and  coal  for  heating? 

Concerning  Ants. 

In  relation  to  ants,  I  have  tried  the 
borax  and  sugar,  evidently  to  the  de¬ 
light  of  the  ants !  They  seemed  to 
thrive  in  it,  wallow  in  it,  strive  for  it. 
Came  in  droves  for  it!  But  tartar 
emetic,  as  recommended  in  a  recent 
number  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  worked  like 
magic.  Ten  cents’  worth,  mixed  with 
sugar  and  a  little  water,  with  a  wee 
lump  of  butter  in  the  middle,  as  an  at¬ 
tractive  island,  surrounded  by  a  sea  of 
tartar  emetic,  made  six  saucers,  attrac¬ 
tive  saucers,  for  the  first  day.  After 
that,  not  a  single  ant  was  to  be  seen 
struggling  to  reach  the  butter  island. 
They  disappeared  entirely  from  all 
places  inside  the  house.  The  outside  is 
still  full  of  them.  I  wonder  if  they  do 
any  good  outside?  L.  E. 

R.  N.-Y. — No  doubt  ants  have  their 
place  in  the  economy  of  nature,  but  they 


Fall-Planted  Bulbs. 

In  the  Fall  of  1910  I  indulged  in  a 
dollar  collection  of  bulbs,  buying  at  the 
city  store  of  a  dealer  and  so  saving  the 
25  cents  postage  which  a  mail  order 
would  have  demanded.  I  shared  part 
of  these  bulbs  with  friends,  but  kept 
some  track  of  what  was  realized  from 
them.  Possibly  the  results  and  my  con¬ 
clusions  may  be  of  interest  to  other 
farm  people  who  must  give  only  scraps 
of  time  to  the  care  of  plants  and  who 
can  therefore  expect  only  ordinary  suc¬ 
cess. 

The  four  white  Roman  hyacinths  of 
the  collection  were  all  set  in  a  six-inch 
pot  and  came  into  bloom  in  February. 
We  thought  them  very  lovely,  and  a 
species  of  Summer-like  cheer  we  should 
not  again  willingly  do  without.  As  each 
bulb  sent  up  three  or  four  stalks  of 
blooms  the  whole  effect  was  very  pretty 
and  lasted  for  some  time.  So  I  regis¬ 
tered  a  vote  for  more  Roman  hyacinths 
the  next  season. 

There  were  seven  Dutch  hyacinths  and 
all  did  well,  the  purple  ones  giving  one 
or  two  additional  flowering  stalks  after 
the  main  one  was  past.  One  set  in  the 
ground  had  a  fine  large  head  of  single 
purple  flowers  followed  by  three  more 
as  pretty  but  smaller.  The  other  hy¬ 
acinths  were  blossomed  in  pots. 

The  six  snowdrops  were  set  in  a 
warm  spot  south  of  the  house,  but  sent 
up  their  delicate  little  flowers  only  a 
trifle  earlier  than  the  hyacinths  and  a 
fortnight  or  more  after  city  yards 
showed  snowdrops  in  blossoms.  As  the 
catalogues  say  the  bulbs  should  not  be 
kept  long  out  of  the  ground,  nor  dis¬ 
turbed  oftener  than  once  in  three  or 
four  years,  I  conclude  that  mine  may 
do  better  another  season.  But  as  I  can¬ 
not  place  them  near  the  walls  of  a  fur¬ 
nace  heated  cellar  and  as  all  vegetation 
in  our  nearest  city  is  always  ahead  of 
what  the  country  can  show,  I  must  not 
expect  the  earliest  snowdrops  reported. 
Preesias  also  may  do  better  for  me  a 
second  season.  Only  about  half  came 
up  and  those  that  flowered  were  not  as 
large  as  the  florists  grow  them. 

My  collection  held  12  Narcissus.  The 
three  “Von  Sion  double  yellow”  were, 
of  course,  only  common  “daffies”  such 
as  every  old  garden  shows  in  such 
plenty.  They  were  ho  larger  nor  finer 
than  the  hundreds  I  have  about  the 
back  yard,  for  I  make  it  a  rule  to  reset 
a  clump  or  two  of  these  daffodils  every 
Autumn  and  so  have  them  scattered  all 


about — except  in  the  meadows — and 
can  pick  big  handfuls  of  golden  pretti¬ 
ness  in  April  and  May.  I  have  also 
single  daffodils,  but  not  as  many  of 
them  as  of  the  double  because  they  are 
a  later  acquisition,  for  they  seem  fully 
as  hardy  and  reliable  as  the  Von  Sions. 
The  Trumpet  Majors  of  my  new  bulbs 
were  but  three  more  single  daffodils. 
Of  three  Narcissus  Alba  Plena  Odor- 
ata  double,  not  a  bulb  made  the  slight¬ 
est  attempt  to  grow.  As  they  were 
treated  like  the  other  potted  bulbs  one 
can  but  suppose  them  poor  stock.  Know¬ 
ing  how  prone  the  white  Narcissi  were 
to  fail  in  making  blossoms  out  of  their 
buds,  I  kept  my  Paper  Whites  always  in 
the  same  window  and  gave  them  good 
care.  Each  budded  and  all  buds  grew 
tall  and  looked  ready  to  open  and  then 
blasted.  This  behaviour  was  so  like 
that  of  my  white  Narcissi  in  the  garden 
as  to  cause  me  small  surprise,  but  I  had 
hoped  for  bulbs  of  some  of  the  im¬ 
proved  strains  less  subject  to  this  try¬ 
ing  habit.  For  there  is  a  Poeticus  which 
is  a  trifle  earlier,  and  which  does  not 
disappoint  one. 

There  were  Crocus  bulbs  among  the 
rest,  but  my  recent  experiences  with 
these  dear  first  favorites  of  Spring  has 
been  so  disappointing  that  I  gave  the 
bulbs  away  and  took  no  further  interest 
in  them.  Twenty  years  ago  we  bought 
Crocus  bulbs  along  with  tulips  and 
hardy  lilies,  and  had  much  pleasure 
from  their  beauty  which  resulted.  Again 
several  years  later  we  prepared  another 
bed  as  thoroughly  and  bought  gener¬ 
ously  of  bulbs  from  a  reliable  firm.  Al¬ 
most  nothing  came  of  all  we  so  hope¬ 
fully  planted  and  my  conclusion  was 
that  the  growing  interest  in  bulb  plant¬ 
ing  had  tempted  importers  to  rush  poor 
stock  upon  the  market.  Occasionally 
since  then  I  have  bought  a  few  Crocus 
bulbs  in  the  Fall,  trying  them  in  various 
situations.  Usually  they  are  very  late 
in  appearing,  blossom  but  scantily,  if  at 
all,  and  are  seen  no  more.  Yet  in  city 
yarv  ;  I  occasionally  see  these  cheerful 
purple  and  gold  and  white  favorites  of 
Spring,  and  some  day  I  hope  to  make 
another  trial  with  the  most  reliable 
stock  money  can  buy. 

1  have  seen  handsome  shows  of  bloom 
upon  tulips  grown  in  pots,  usually  the 
pots  were  low  and  very  large  around 
and  10  or  more  bulbs  had  been  set  in 
each.  But  my  own  trials  have  not  en¬ 
couraged  me  to  experiment  more  with 
indoor  culture.  Of  my  two  dozen  tulip 
bulbs  I  kept  only  part,  and  some  of 
those  made  but  the  one  large  leaf,  show¬ 
ing  that  they  were  alive  but  would  not 
flower  that  season.  Tulips  in  the  border 
among  hardy  plants  seem  very  worth 
having.  They  come  into  flower  before 
the  larger  plants  utilize  the  space,  they 
are  showy  in  both  form  and  color,  and 
unless  the  season  is  unusually  dry  they 
remain  as  blossoms  a  long  time,  open¬ 
ing  day  after  day.  The  single  yellow 
seems  to  have  most  hardiness,  for  my 
collection  always  inclines  to  that  sort, 
and  I  recall  a  few  tall,  large  cupped 
tulips  which  persisted  in  an  old  garden 
even  after  the  house  was  gone  and  the 
place  deserted.  I  see  that  I  need  not 
buy  single  white  or  yellow,  but  need 
scarlet  and  parrot  additions  to  make 
sure  that  the  Springtimes  “Bring  back 
the  tulip’s  pride.”  Dry  weather  over¬ 
took  my  tulip ,  blossoms  and  rather 
spoiled  their  -season’s  success  last 
Spring,  but  I  shall  put  out  a  few  more 
this  Fall,  hoping  for  better  luck. 

PATTIE  LYMAN. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Tub 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  ar.d  a 
“square  deal.-’  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


A  REAL 
VACUUM 
CLEANER: 


Booklet 

Free 


JJERE  is  aVneimm 
Cleaner  that 
looks  like  a  carpet 
sweeper  and  runs 
like  a  carpet 
sweeper,  yet  is  a 
powerful  vacumn 
cleaner.  As  it 
rolls  across  the 
.  room  it  sucks 
up  a  strong 
blast  of  air 
through  the 
carpet,  bringing 
every  particle  of 
dust,  out  of  the 
texture  without 
taking  up  the 
carpet.  What  is 
more,  it  has  such 
a  a  strong  suction 
■4  that  it  actually 
pulls  tho  dust 
off  the  floor  up 
through  the 
carpet.  Think 
of  it. 


No  More  Taking 
lip  of  Carpets. 

Just  run  the  easy  running 


Domestic  Vacuum  Gleaner 

over  them  every  day  or  so  and  your  carpets  are  as 
fresh  and  clean  as  new  every  day  in  the  year  and  the 
colors  are  always  bright  and  fresh. 


The  pile  of 
shown  here  was 
removed  front  a 

rug  by  a  DOMESTIC 
VACUUM  CLEANER, 

which  had  been 
tho  vo  u  g  illy 
swept  with  a 
broom. 


This  dirt  was 
.down  in  the  tex¬ 
ture  of  the  rug 
beyond  the  reach 
of  the  broom. 
Try  one  on 
your  carpets 
at  our  risk. 
If  it  does  not 
do  a  1  1  we 
claim,  return 
it,  at  our  ex¬ 
pense  and  get 
your  money 
s  back.  Sent 
anywhere  in 
the  United 
States. 
,  charges 
£  prepaid, 
.Y'  upon  re¬ 
ceipt  of 
$16.00 


AGENTS  WANTED 

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Write  today  for  full  information, 
free  illustrated  booklets,  etc. 

DOMESTIC  VACUUM  SWEEPER  COMPANY 

218  Masonic  Temple,  Peoria,  III. 


CIDER 


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FARMERS’ 

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than  any  oflters.  Send  today  for 
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839  Main  St.,  Higganum,  Conn 


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easily.  Send  for  catalog. 

WILLIAMS  BROS..  Ithaca.  N.  Y. 


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Farms 


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This  Book  Is  Worth  $5  to  $40  to  You 


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ing — proof  of  the  unmatched 
quality.  This  book  is  packed 
with  live,  valuable  stove  facts 
that  the  dealer  himself  doesn’t 
know.  400  styles  and  sizes 
in  large  clear  illustrations. 

Prices  from  $6.50  up,  east 
of  Mississippi.  Get  the 
Stove  Book — Then 

Try  the  Kalamazoo 
For  30  Days  FREE 


Queen 

Range 


30  Days’  Free  Trial— Use 
the  stove  or  range  as  your 
own  30  days,  then  if  not 


Same 


tit.  i  i  A.IVVII  JU  Llciyb,  IIILII  11  I1C)L 

W  e  pay  the  Freight  satisfied  we’ll  take  it  back. 

— Give  you  30  Days’  Free  We  pay  all  freight  charges 
Trial— 360  Days’  Approval  whether  you  keep  it  or  not, 
rr.  ^  U  and  the  trial  costs  you  nothing.  360 


All  Orders  Shipped 
Day  Received 


Test — Cash  or  Credit  Terms 
tipment  within 
,24  hours  of  re- 
i  ceipt  of  Order. 


““X*  w.  lew  woio  y  vi*  muiuug  .  iAJU 

Days’  approval  test.  Cash  or  credit  terms. 

$100,000  bank  bond  guarantee.  We  have  more 
customers  than  any  stove  manufacturer  in  the 
world.  Send  for  your  copy  of  Stove  Book  and 
Catalogue  No.  114  .  Postal  or  letter. 


Kalamazoo  Stove  Company 
Manufacturers 
Kalamazoo,  Michigan 


A  Kalamazoo 


Oven  Thermometer* 
■  Saves  Fuel  , 


Direct  toYou  S 


970 


THE  HURrtL  NEW-YOHKER 


September 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

THE  SCRUB  COW. 

Do  not  think  I  approve  of  her  as  a 
rule,  but  she  is  the  poor  man’s  cow,  be¬ 
cause  she  is  within  the  reach  of  his 
pocketbook,  as  was  the  case  with  us.  One 
year  ago  last  April  we  bought  a  cow 
for  less  than  $40.  She  was  nearly  dry. 
She  dropped  a  heifer  calf  June  28,  giv¬ 
ing  us  then  16  to  17 ’A  quarts  of  milk  a 
day  on  two  quarts  of  bran  and  one  quart 
meal.  That  is  all  the  grain  we  have  ever 
given  her  at  one  feed.  We  raised  the 
calf  on  skimmed  milk,  made  and  sold 
65^2  pounds  of  butter.  May  11  just  past 
she  gave  us  another  heifer  calf,  and  is 
now  feeding  that  calf  and  seven  little 
pigs,  besides  supplying  all  the  milk, 
cream  and  butter  for  a  family  of  three 
people.  We  have  not  reckoned  the  but¬ 
ter  we  use  ourselves,  but  in  the  city  we 
used  from  one  to  two  pounds  a  week, 
and  it  is  safe  to  say  we  do  not  use  less 
out  here.  This  cow  in  color  is  dark 
gray;  her  breed  is  supposed  to  be  of 
gray  Jersey  with  some  Swiss  and  Guern¬ 
sey.  Father  to  first  calf  was  full- 
blooded  Ayrshire.  Father  to  last  one  is 
part  Jersey  and  Guernsey.  What  would 
you  breed  these  calves  to?  First  calf  in 
color  is  almost  black,  with  a  reddish 
tinge  and  some  white  on  throat  and 
belly,  yellow  ring  around  mouth.  Last 
one  is  nearly  fawn,  turning  to  red  on 
back,  not  a  white  or  dark  spot  on  her. 
Some  time  I  may  tell  you  how  we  came 
to  this  old  wornout  farm  two  years  ago 
this  coming  August  and  are  trying  to 
get  a  living  away  from  the  city’s  noise 
and  strife.  a.  s. 

Rhode  Island. 

R.  N.-Y. — Our  choice  would  be  to 
breed  these  young  heifers  to  a  good 
Guernsey  bull. 


POULTRY  AT  THE  N.  Y.  STATE  FAIR. 

The  poultry  show  of  the  New  York  State 
Fair,  held  at  Syracuse,  came  to  a  success¬ 
ful  close  Saturday,  September  16,  after 
having  staged  one  of  the  largest  collec¬ 
tions  of  land  and  water  fowl  ever  brought 
together  under  one  roof  in  the  United 
States.  In  round  numbers  3,500  single  en¬ 
tries,  and  700  pens  were  passed  upon  as 
to  merit,  and  of  these  the  greatest  share 
were  of  the  Mediterranean  and  American 
classes,  but  with  the  ornamental  classes 
well  represented.  It  cannot  be  said,  how¬ 
ever,  that  from  a  spectator’s  standpoint 
the  exhibition  was  a  perfect  success,  be¬ 
cause  of  the  fact  of  the  large  number  of 
birds  caged  and  of  the  lack  of  sufficient 
space  to  accomplish  this.  However,  I  do 
not  contend  that  as  yet  the  building  is  too 
small,  for  the  present  needs,  hut  that  the 
available  space  could  be  used  to  better  ad¬ 
vantage.  While  it  was  necessary  to  tier 
birds  three  high  and  often  two  in  a  coop, 
fully  an  eighth  of  the  space  went  for  large 
display  cages  of  animals  familiar  to  every 
farmer’s  eye,  as  well  as  pheasants  and  wild 
birds.  I  do  not  hold  that  such  exhibits  do 
not  have  an  educational  value,  but  it  seems 
that  for  an  agricultural  fair  this  space 
could  be  much  better  taken  up  by  exhibits 
of  chickens  or  of  things  helpful  to  them 
if  turned  loose  in  a  hen.vard  instead  of  de¬ 
cidedly 'destructive.  It  was  not  my  object 
to  criticize  the  management,  but  to  help 
start  a  movement  for  an  agricultural  fair, 
with  domestic  animals  exhibited  instead  of 
those  which  are  one  of  the  poultry  busi¬ 
ness’  serious  inconveniences  to  the  farmer 
living  any  distance  from  a  town.  If  such 
exhibits  must  be  caged  let  us  label  them 
“an  enemy  of  the  poultry  world,”  and  let 
the  city  breeders  understand  that  while  we 
as  farmers  have  many  advantages  over 
them  in  poultry  breeding,  we  do  have  some 
detriments  with  which  they  do  not  have 
to  contend. 

The  birds  caged  were  in  most  part  ex¬ 
hibited  by  New  York  State  exhibitors,  but 
many  came  from  neighboring  States  and 
Canada.  Of  all  the  classes  the  White  Leg¬ 
horns  were  the  largest,  with  the  Rhode  Is¬ 
land  Reds  and  the  White  Wyandottes 
close  behind.  These  birds  with  the  Ply¬ 
mouth  Rocks  are  undoubtedly  br-'d  more 
extensively  in  the  North  than  any  other 
purebred  fowl.  The  Leghorns  are  strictly 
an  egg  fowl,  and  for  that  reason  are  prob¬ 
ably  found  on  fewer  farms  than  the  Rock, 
Red  or  Wyandotte,  as  the  average  farmer 
depends  considerably  on  his  poultry  for 
fresh  meat,  especially  during  the  hot 
months.  The  Orpington  in  all  colors  was 
also  well  represented,  but  as  this  breed 
is  a  new  one  in  comparison  with  the 
others  named,  as  yet  it  has  not  found  its 
true  place  among  the  farmers’  llocks. 
There  is  no  doubt  eventually  that  many 
farmers  will  be  breeding  Orpingtons,  as 
it  can  truthfully  be  said  that  this  breed 
is  nearly  equal,  if  not  quite  so,  in  the 
laying  qualities,  to  Leghorns,  while  it  has 
the  advantage  of  size,  often  attaining  12 
pounds  for  a  cock  in  good  flesh.  A  black 
cock  of  this  breed  probably  caused  more 
favorable  comment  than  any  other  bird  in 
the  show. 

Every  breed  adopted  by  the  American 
Standard  of  Perfection  was  exhibited  and 
fully  1,000  cages  were  taken  with  pet 
stock,  pigeons,  bantams,  and  purely  orna¬ 
mental  breeds,  such  as  Polish  and  Ham- 
burgs.  From  a  purely  agricultural  stand¬ 
point  these  exhibits  might  much  better 
be  left  at  home  and  their  places  taken 
by  practical  birds  raised  on  our  farms.  The 


above  entries  were  made  mostly  by  ex¬ 
hibitors  known  as  string  men.  who  carry 
and  show  everything  from  a  Brahma  cock 
bird  to  a  woodchuck.  If  it  were  not  for 
these  classes,  classes  with  little  or  no 
competition,  these  same  string  men  would 
not  find  our  agricultural  fairs  so  attractive 
from  a  financial  standpoint. 

It  will  probably  be  impossible  to  do  it 
next  year,  but  it  could  be  done  eventually 
with  proper  influence  used  with  our  State 
Senators  and  Assemblymen  to  have  our 
State  Fair  devoted  to  farming  and  farming 
methods.  Even  to-day  you  will  find  ex¬ 
hibits  in  the  dairy  building  demonstrating 
practical  feeding  to  produce  more  meat 
and  butter,  and  according  to  my  belief 
this  is  what  should  be  done  in  the  poultry 
department  as  well.  In  Australia,  every 
year  they  have  egg  laying  contests,  and 
just  this  year  we  find  one  started  in  the 
United  States.  As  farmers  and  poultry- 
men,  do  you  not  think  that  you  would  get 
more  actual  good  from  exhibits  of  such 
contests  and  of  accompanying  lectures,  on 
feeding  for  eggs  and  meat,  than  to  use 
all  of  our  valuable  space  and  money  set 
aside  by  our  State  to  enrich  the  earnings 
of  the  string  men?  To-day  many  county 
fairs  exclude  exhibits  from  other  than 
their  own  and  surrounding  counties,  and 
I  have  debated  with  myself,  seriously,  if 
that  would  not  be  of  advantage  to  us  in 
our  State  Fair,  especially  in  the  poultry 
department.  In  some  other  departments  it 
might  not  be  practical,  but  it  is  safe  to 
say  that  if  we  could  carry  out  this  idea 
we  would  still  have  an  A1  show  and 
what  is  more,  more  of  a  farmer’s  show 
than  of  an  exhibition  of  fancy  fowl  of  no 
practical  good  to  the  average  farmer. 

C.  H.  s. 


Tumor. 

I  have  a  cat  nine  years  of  age,  and  this 
Spring  a  little  lump  grew  on  her  left  ear. 
Now  it  is  growing  rapidly  and  its  size  is 
like  a  walnut.  Fan  you  advise  me  some¬ 
thing  to  do  for  it,  as  I  would  not  like  to 
lose  the  cat?  mrs.  e.  c.  H. 

Long  Island. 

The  only  remedy  will  be  to  have  the 
tumor  cut  out  by  a  surgeon.  If  it  hap¬ 
pens  to  be  cancerous  it  will  return  despite 
this  treatment;  but  many  tumors  are  of 
simple  character  and  do  not  grow  again 
when  cut  out.  a.  s.  a. 


JERSEY  R-EID  PIG4S 

Have  many  superior  qualities:  Small  frames,  but  lay  on 
flesh  fast;  long-bodied,  good  natured,  easy  keepers.  Sows 
have  large  litters  and  do  not  kill  pigs  at  farrowing.  Pigs 
grow  fast — produce  3150  lbs.  pork  at  9  months.  Nothing 
slow  about  this  breed — quick  money-makers.  Have  some 
extra  fine  offerings  now  at  special  prices.  My  reputation 
ns  a  successful  breeder  bnck  of  every  sale.  Write  me  today. 
ARTHUR  J.  COLLINS,  Box  R,  Moorestown,  New  Jersey 


Reg,  P,  Chinas,  Berkshires,  C.  Whites, 

Fine,  large  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 
Pups,  Beagles  and  Poultry.  Write  for 
prices  &  circulars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Ercildoun  Pa. 


Shropshire  &  Hampshire  Sheep  for  Sale 

Wo  have  10  yearling  Shropshire  rams,  10  ram 
lambs  and  25  yearling  ewes,  all  sired  by  Trysul 
Champion —Grand  Champion  Chicago  Interna¬ 
tional,  1907— and  30  Shropshire  ewes  of  other  sires. 

Of  the  Hampshires  we  have  12  yearling  rams,  15 
ram  lambs, 340  ewes  and  some  ewe  lambs.  The 
Hampshire  rams  and  lambs  are  sired  by  imported 
H.  C.  Stephens  rams  and  some  out  of  imported  ewes. 

All  the  sheep  are  registered,  tire  in  first-class 
health,  and  all  are  good  ones.  We  must  sell  at  least 
150  sheep  this  season  to  keep  our  flock  within 
bounds;  therefore  we  have  priced  them  very  low. 
Write  for  catalog  and  prices. 


W.  BARLOW  DUNLAP,  Amsterdam,  N.  Y. 


IF  YOU  WANT 

SHROPSHIRE  orSOUTHBOWN  SHEEP 


of  the  best  breeding  and  quality,  write  the 
NIAGARA  STOCK  FARM,  J.  C.  Duncan,  Mgr., 
Lewiston,  N.  Y. 


UirUI  AMD  FAPM  °ffers  some  choice 
nilmLAllD  rAiViVl  Shropshires— yearlings 
and  lambs  of  either  sex.  Bred  for  type  and 
quality.  »W.  F.  BLACK,  Hall,  N.  Y. 


II  O  IL  S  E  S 


ON  ACCOUNT  of  selling  most  of  farm.  I  offer  a 
few  extra  fine  imported  DRAFT  MARKS  at  less 
than  original  cost.  O.  F.  MOUNT,  Koppkl,  Pa. 


STALLION  FOR  SALE  OR  TRADE, 

KUSHIUO,  ’Trotting  Stallion,  a  first-class  siring 
son  of  Kremlin,  is  offered  for  sale  for  $50b,  or  will 
trade  for  a  first-class  “roadster  automobile.”  This 
stallion  has  a  mark  of  2.08,  is  pronounced  sound 
by  Dr.  Edward  Moore  of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  is  guaran¬ 
teed  fearless,  kind  and  gentle  in  all  harness,  and 
has  never  hurt  a  fly.  Particulars  by  letter. 

R.  B.  ANDEIISON, 

Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford,  Conn. 


Percheron  and  Beloian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
at  farmers’  prices.  A  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O, 


T  HAVE  just 
arrived 


f  romBelgium, 
P r a  n  c  e  and 
Germany, 
where  I  pur¬ 
chased  an  ex¬ 
tra  fine  lot  of 


STALLIONS  * 
and  MARES 


of  the  differ¬ 
ent  breeds, 
which  will  ar¬ 
rive  at  the 


Sharon  Valley  Stock  Farm, 

Newark,  Ohio? 

in  the  next  ten  days.  Will  be  glad  to  welcome  any 
customers  to  the  farm.  Will  also  exhibit  tit  all  the 
leading  fairs  in  Ohio,  Pennsylvania  and  West  Vir¬ 
ginia,  where  I  will  be  glad  to  meet  friends  and 
customers.  Col.  G.  W.  CRAWFORD. 


DOGS 


Pfll  I  IF  P|  I  DO— From  imported  stock.  Females 

UULLIL  rUlOcheap.  NelsnnBrus.  Grnve  City,  Pa. 


PROUD 

OF  THEIR 


SHARPLES 

Tubular  Cream  Separators 

Ask  those  who  are  discarding  disk-filled  and 
other  complicated  cream  separators  for  Tubu¬ 
lars  why  they  do  it. 

They  will  tell  you  how  much  more  Tubulars 
make  for  them.  There  is  cash  value  in  the  fact 
that  Tubulars  have  twice  the  skimming  force  of 
others,  and  therefore  skint  faster  and  twice  as 
clean.  They  will  tell  you  of  the  unequalled  dura¬ 
bility  of  Tubulars.  A  regular  hand-driven  Tubu¬ 
lar  recently  finished  work  equal  to  100  years’ 
service  in  a  five  to  eight  cow  dairy— and  the  total 
cost  for  oil  and  repairs  was  only  $1.15.  Tubulars 
wear  a  lifetime.  Guaranteed  forever  by 
America’s  oldest  and  world’s  biggest 
separator  concern.  \ 

Dairy  Tubulars  contain  neither  disks 
nor  other  contraptions  and  are  self-oiling. 

When  you  see  why  others  are  dis¬ 
carding  less  modern 
separators  for  Tu¬ 
bulars.  you  will 
realize  that  you, 
yourself,  will  final¬ 
ly  have  a  Tubular 
and  had  better  get 
it  now.  You  cannot 
afford  any  other, 
for  Tubulars 
repeatedly  pay 
forthem  selves 
bysavingwhat 
others  lose. 

You  can  ar-  __ 
range  with  our  local 
representative  for  a 
free  trial  of  The 
World ’s  Best  without  investing  one  cent.  Other  sep¬ 
arators  taken 
in  exchange.  I 

Write  for  | 
catalogue 
No.  153. 


THE  SHARPLES  SEPARATOR  CO. 

WEST  CHESTER,  PA. 

Chicago,  HI.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Portland,  Ore. 
Toronto,  Can.  Winnipeg,  Can, 


SWIUE 


BELTED  HAMPSHIRE  SWINE 


< 

< 

- 

J  WELL  MARKED  PICS 

;  CHAS.  STEWART  DAVISON 
<  60  Wall  St.,  New  York 


City 


"T  y  T  T 


Large  Berkshires  at  Highwood 

Regular  Fall  offering  of  Service  Boars  and 
of  young  Bigs  in  pairs  and  trios,  not  akin. 

H.  C.  &  H.  B.  Harpen diner,  Dundee,  N.  Y. 

Phoehiroe  Bargains  in  Registered  Yearlings  ami 
U 1 1 U  0 1 1 1 1  Co  July  Pigs,  both  sex.  Bred  from  N.  Y. 
State  Fair  winners.  Ralph  E.  Owen,  Fulton,  N.  Y. 

Ohio  Improved  Chesters— Choice  Boars  for 
Fall  service  at  bargain  prices.  Pigs  not  akin. 

CROSSROAD  FARM,  Plattsburg,  N.  Y. 

m|nnpc  the  big,  deep  fellows 

UUnUUO  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  t  imes. 

S1IENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 

HESTER  WHITES— A  few  Choice  Registered  BOARS 
for  sale.  EUGENE  T.  BLACK,  Scio,  N.  Y. 


C 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.?”,  a 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  toser- 
viee  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON.  Piuurietor,  Marhledale,  Conn. 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

...  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENNYAN,  N.Y 


SHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNES,  Oxford.  N.  Y. 

PUPQHIRP? — The  nice  thrifty  kind ;  March  Boars 
linuomnco  and  Sows.  Orders  taken  for  Pigs  of 
September  farrow.  G.  E.  Smith.  Castile,  N  .V. 

FASHIONABLY  BRED  BERKSHIRES 

A  few  Spring  and  Summer  PIGS  for  sale  at  rea¬ 
sonable  prices.  Dr.  J.  R.  ALLEN,  Orwell,  N.  Y. 


dairy  cattle 


Breed  U|i— Not  Down 


DE  K0L  BURKE  BLOOD. 

Will  sell  ONTARIO  COUNT  DE  KOL,  Holstein 
Bull,  half  white,  born  April  25th,  by  America  Do 
Kol  Burke,  out  of  Bettina  Do  Ivol.  Bargain  at  $75, 
f.  o.  b.  CLOVERDALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

SWSHOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  ami  best  individuality.  The  liest 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  hulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELVOU,  Somerville  N.  J. 

AT  LAUREL  FARM 

we  have  on  band  some  half-dozen  sons  of  Ferns’ 
Jubilee,  73852,  A.  J.  C.  C.,  from  ten  months  down 
to  a  few  days  old.  All  out  of  good  cows.  Discount 
price  for  next  thirty  days. 

J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N,  Y. 

|— Jersey  Bull  Calves 
you  can  afford  to 
buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  It.  F 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

ROCHROANE JERSEY  HERD 

FOR  SALE:  YOUNG  SERVICE  BULL 

Born  June  27,  1910.  Solid  Color. 

Sire;  Fontaine’s  Chief — P.  S.  4153  H.  C. 
Dam:  Fontaine’s  Fairy  —  Imp.  241319 
PRICE,  $250  (F  O.  B.  Irvington,  N.  Y.) 

M.  A.  TRAVIS  (Supt.  for  M.  S.  Beltzhoover) 
Irvington,  New  York. 

EAST  RIVER 
GRADE  HOLSTEINS 

215— For  Sale— 215 

30  large  handsome  cows,  just  fresh. 

75  cows  due  in  Sept,  .and  Oct.  that  have  records  of 
9,000  to  11,000  lbs.  of  milk  last  year. 

90  yearlings  and  two-year  heifers,  extra  nice. 

JOHN  B.  WEBSTER, 

Bell  Phone  5B6  F12,  Dept  R,  CORTLAND,  N.  Y. 

“Q  U  A  L  I  T  Y  ” 

FOR  SALE-THREE  HIGH  BRED  YOUNG  JERSEY  BULLS,  ALL 
OUT  OF  REGISTER  OF  MERIT  COWS 

Dam  of  No.  1,  8128.3  lbs.  milk  in  286  days, 

testing  527  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 
Dam  of  No.  2,  11265.3  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

testing  701  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 
Dam  of  No.  3,  12840.6  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

testing  803  lbs.  8  oz.  butter 
We  also  have  a  nice  bunch  of  bred  heifers  due  to  calve 
this  Fall  and  early  Winter.  Write  for  description 
ami  prices,  or  better  yet  come  and  see  them,  visitors 
always  wolcome.  E.W.  Masher, "Brightside,"  Aurora,  N.Y. 

FLORHAM  GUERNSEYS .... 

Several  Yearling  Bulls  for  sale  at  very  moderate 
prices.  Pedigrees  and  photographs  furnished. 

J.  I,.  HOPE  Madison,  New  Jersey 

SHELDONCROFT 

J.  T.  RUSSELL,  Prop.  CHAS.  B.  DAYTON,  Supt. 

SILVER  LAKE,  Susq.  Co.,  Pa. 

Pure  Bred  Jersey  Cattle,  Berkshire  Swine. 

Pnrol/a  Qfnplr  Farm- Registered  Jersey  Bulls 
Lllicna  OlUbA  railll  and  Heifers,  6  months  to  2 
years  Old.  Chester  White,  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  Pups  and  a  variety 
Of  poultry.  Send  two-cent  stamp  for  circular. 

EDWARD  WALTER,  West  Chester,  Pa. 

MilL  Prnriiirprc  for  New  ^  ork  City  market 
1H111V  llUUUtela  desiring  information  how  to 
form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 


S  II  E  E 


Snowcroft  Hampshire  Downs 

150  Rams  and  Ewes  from  best  English  Foundation 
stock.  Ah  shipments  guaranteed  as  described. 

DR.  S.  F.  SNOW,  713  University  Block,  SYRACUSE.  N.  Y. 

REGISTERED  SHROPSHIRE  RAMS  STfuSfflj 

Yeoman.  FRED.  VAN  VLEET,  Lodi,  N.  Y. 

HAMPSHIRE  DOWNS 

ling  Ewes  and  Ewe  Lambs  for  sale;  from  fine  im¬ 
ported  Ram.  All  registered.  Write  your  wants. 
Prices  light.  W  H.  Crawford,  R.F.D.  No.  10,  Mercer,  Pa. 

^hrniKhirP  RaiTIQ  Some  good  ones  at  right  prices. 
0111  UfJDIII I  e  ndlllb  Flock  contains  English  blood 
from  Cooper,  Thorn,  and  lluttar;  is  well  covered 
and  tight  wooled.  TRAVER  FARM,  Wynantskill,  N.  1. 

RAMS  FOR  S  A  I  F~ Registered  Shropshire 
IXrtlUO  1  VIY  onLL  yearlings  and  two-year- 
olds.  Also,  one  four-year-old  Hanmer  Ram  and 
some  nice  Ram  Lambs.  E.  E.  Stevens8  Son, Wilson,  N.Y. 


Purebred  Registered 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

From  a  commercial  standpoint,  the  Holstein  is 
unquestionably  the  leading  dairy  breed.  Not  only 
does  the  purebred  Holstein  Cow  hold  all  the 
official  milk  and  butter  records  with  a  wide 
margin,  but  she  is  the  most  vigorous,  long  lived  and 
prolific  cow  in  the  world.  Sure  to  breed  regularly 
and  extremely  resistant  to  disease.  She  has  healthy 
calves  that  are  easily  reared,  and  when  beefed  she  brings 
more  money  because  she  weighs  more.  Send  for  Free 
Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets.  They  contain 
valuable  information  for  any  Dairyman. 

Ilolsteins  are  home  builders. 

HOLSTEIN-FRESIAN  ASSO.,  F.  L.  HOUGHTON.  Secy.  Box  105  Brattleboro,  Vt. 


Write  for  Free  Booklet 

How  to  Raise  Calves  Cheaply  and  Successfully  Without  Milk  ' 

Contains  full  information  and  complete  feeding  directions  for  using 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal — The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute 

Three  or  four  calves  can  be  raised  on  it  at  the  cost  of  one  where  milk  is  fed. 

LWo  mill  feed  The  only  calf  meal  manufactured  in  an  exclusive  Calf  Meal  Factory 
Established  at  Leicester,  England,  in  1800. 


Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory, 


Waukegan,  Illinois 


1911. 


•OTHE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


071 


Patching  Up  a  Cheap  Silo. 

H.  L.  8.,  Rome,  N.  Y. — I  have  a  silo 
made  of  2xG  inch  pieces,  but  not  matched, 
and  I  cannot  get  it  perfectly  airtight. 
Some  silage  spoils  in  places  around  the 
edge.  Would  it  do  to  line  it  with  some 
of  those  tough  building  papers,  or  can  any¬ 
one  suggest  a  remedy? 

Ans. — It  would  appear  as  if  you  had 
one  of  the  silos  of  the  type  recom¬ 
mended  by  Cornell  University,  a  few 
years  ago,  as  a  temporary  makeshift  to 
store  surplus  corn.  They  never  in¬ 
tended  them  as  permanent  silos,  yet  be¬ 
cause  they  were  cheap,  many  put  them 
up  to  their  sorrow.  With  a  silo  of  this 
kind  it  is  only  a  question  of  making  it 
do  as  much  service  as  possible  in  order 
that  one  may  get  his  money  back.  To  line 
it  with  some  heavy  building  paper  will 
unquestionably  cause  it  to  save  the  silage 
for  a  year,  if  the  structure  is  otherwise 
strong.  I  have  done  this  in  one  silo 
where  I  formerly  had  a  door  to  admit 
a  carrier,  and  the  silage  keeps  perfectly. 
If  the  structure  is  really  worth  saving 
the  better  way  will  be  to  lath  and  plaster 
it,  using  a  cement  plaster. 

EDWARD  VAN  ALSTYNE. 


Value  of  Canada  Field  Peas. 

Can  you  toll  me  the  feeding  value  of 
Canada  field  peas?  They  are  mixed  with 
oats.  We  have  always  cut  them  for  fod¬ 
der  until  this  year;  we  had  so  much  hay 
we  did  not  need  the  peas  and  oats,  so  let 
them  ripen  and  have  now  had  them 
thrashed.  Would  they  he  better  for  dairy 
cows  than  poultry?  How  would  they  do 
for  horses  or  pigs?  d.  b.  H. 

Vermont. 

As  a.  feed  for  dairy  cows,  growing  swine, 
growing  chickens  and  laying  hens,  peas 
would  be  worth  approximately  50  per  cent, 
more  than  corn  or  oats  when  properly  pre¬ 
pared  for  feeding  and  fed  in  the  required 
proportions  for  a  balanced  ration.  Teas 
are  considered  .lust  as  valuable  for  poultry 
feed  as  they  are  for  dairy  cows  and  growing 
pigs;  but  have  never  tyeon  used  as.  exten¬ 
sively  for  horse  food  as  for  other  stock 
requiring  more  protein,  and  it  is  doubtful 
if  the  feeding  value  of  peas  for  horses 
would  greatly  exceed  that  of  oats.  Peas 
should  be  ground  before  feeding  to  horses, 
and  either  ground  or  soaked  several  hours 
before  feeding  to  swine  or  cows.  The  proper 
proportions  of  peas  and  oats  to  feed  for 
best  results  depend  largely  upon  the  con¬ 
dition  of  the  stock,  the  purpose  for  which 
it  is  being  fed  and  UTe  otner  constituents 
of  the  ration.  c.  s.  G. 


COLD  STORAGE  LEGISLATION. 

The  storage  holdings  of  butter  at  the 
present  time  are  somewhat  lighter  than 
they  were  last  year  at  this  time  but  about 
the  same  as  the  year  previous.  Of  eggs, 
they  are  much  heavier  than  at  any  time  in 
several  years.  Just  what  effect  the  new 
cold  storage  law  will  have  when  these 
holdings  of  both  butter  and  eggs  are  mar¬ 
keted  is  very  hard  to  forecast  at  present. 

New  York.  james  Rowland  co. 

Eggs  are  in  excess  of  holding  of  last 
year.  Butter  is  short.  The  laws  designed 
to  regulate  cold  storage  so  far  have  had 
no  effect.  T  don’t  think  it  will  have  any 
effect  in  the  near  future,  unless  as  to  sup¬ 
ply  and  demand.  What  would  we  do  in  the 
flush  of  both  butter  and  eggs  unless  we 
had  some  way  to  protect  it.  Destroy  this 
protection  and  what  high  prices  consumers 
would  haVe  to  pay  when  these  commodities 
would  be  scarce.  ciias.  it.  zinn. 

New  York. 

The  cold  storage  legislation  went  Into 
effect  so  late  in  the  season  it  will  not  have 
any  effect  on  the  amount  of  goods  this 
year,  but  it  may  handicap  the  New  York 
State  cold  storage  houses  another  season. 
We  do  not  anticipate  that  it  will  on  ac¬ 
count  of  the  length  of  time  allowed ;  the 
amount  of  butter  stored  this  year,  as  com¬ 
pared  with  a  year  ago  in  Buffalo,  is  lighter, 
but,  taking  all  the  cold  storage  warehouses 
in  the  United  States  together,  the  amount 
of  butter  stored  is  fully  equal  to  what  it 
was  last  season.  I  think  what  we  fear 
most  about  the  butter  question  is  the  high 
prices  to  which  it  is  being  forced  up  to  at 
the  present  time ;  if  we  could  keep  the  price 
of  butter  down  to  a  point  so  the  consumer 
could  buy  it  for  30  cents  per  pound,  there 
would  be  no  trouble  about  selling  all  the 
butter  made  in  the  United  States,  and  it 
would  pay  the  producer  a  good  profit  at 
that  price.  gleason  &  lansing. 

Buffalo.  N.  Y. 

Regarding  the  amount  of  eggs  and  butter 
stored  compared  with  last  year,  there  are 
more  eggs  stored  than  last  year ;  less  but¬ 
ter,  on  account  of  the  very  dry  season  in 
the  section  of  country  that  produces  but¬ 
ter.  We  do  not  think  the  laws  on  cold 
storage  have  any  effect  on  the  amount  of 
produce  stored.  Both  eggs  and  butter  have 
been  stored  at  a  lower  price  than  last  year. 
While  this  is  true,  there  was  considerable 
butter  carried  over  from  last  season.  The 
very  hot  weather  which  extended  over  a 
'arge  part  of  the  country  has  affected  pro¬ 
ducts.  Should  we  have  a  favorable  corn 
crop  it  will  aid  much.  We  anticipate  lower 
prices  this  year,  as  #last  year  was  a  dis¬ 
astrous  one ;  losses  very  heavy  on  butter, 
eggs  and  poultry.  de  winter  &  co. 

New  York. 


The  Day’s  Work  on  an  Ohio  Farm. 

What  was  done  yesterday  is  more  easily 
told  this  morning  at  four  o’clock  than  it 
would  have  been  yesterday  evening  at  seven  i 
o’clock  after  the  day’s  work  was  done. 
Stock  growing  and  feeding  is  the  main 
work  here,  aiming  to  feed  more  grain  fod¬ 
der  and  hay  than  is  grown.  The  corn  on 
•'ccount  of  the  drought  is  but  little  more 
than  half  a  crop.  With  one-fiftli  the  area 
of  the  farm  in  Alfalfa  the  amount  of  hay 


Is  more  than  the  number  of  animals  pro¬ 
duced  will  consume.  Yesterday  morning  the 
140  lambs  purchased  must  be  gone  over 
and  tagged  to  clean  them  up  and  destroy 
the  worms,  wet  and  hot  weather  being 
the  main  cause  of  the  trouble.  This  is 
not  by  any  means  a  pleasant  -30b;  in  this 
case  several  were  found  to  be  wormy.  It 
was  also  expected  that  a  few  had  stomach 
worms ;  these  were  treated  with  gasoline, 
which  was  short  in  supply,  and  finished 
with  sheep  dip.  a  coal  tar  distillation.  The 
hired  man  husked  corn  before  noon  for  the 
feeding  hogs  that  are  being  worked  up  to  full 
feed  on  new  corn,  so  they  can  be  turned  in 
in  a  day  or  two  on  a  plot  of  corn  fenced 
off  for  them  from  the  large  field. 

Afternoon  the  man  commenced  his  job  of 
cutting  corn  by  cutting  the  fodder  from 
which  he  had  husked  the  corn  before  noon. 
The  writer’s  part  of  the  hog  feeding  was  to 
haul  a  load  of  corn  after  the  fodder  was 
cut.  A  wire  fence  with  wooden  stays  sepa¬ 
rated  the  cornfield  from  the  Blue  grass 
pasture  where  the  feeding  hogs  were  grazing 
close  to  the  fence.  When  they  saw  the  corn 
being  gathered  up  they  became  much  inter¬ 
ested,  and  nosed  the  fence  for  weak  places 
— in  case  easily  found.  I  had  noticed  that 
the  horses  trying  to  reach  the  corn  over  the 
fence  had  broken  the  stays,  but  thought 
little  of  it  till  the  hogs  came  crowding 
through  it  into  the  cornfield.  The  fence 
can  only  be  properly  repaired  with  a  new 
one,  so  the  hogs  must  be  confined  in  a  dry 
lot  till  their  corn  plot  is  ready  and  they 
are  ready  for  it.  In  this  lot  besides  corn 
they  will  have  some  rank  rape  pulled  from 
along  the  edge  of  the  cornfield  near  by. 
The  sows  and  their  litters  have  the  run  of 
a  Timothy  and  clover  pasture,  it  being  my 
part  of  the  feeding  to  carry  ear  corn  to 
them  from  the  wagon  in  the  lot  where  the 
feeding  hogs  are  fed.  This  about  the  easiest 
way  possible  to  start  young  pigs  in  the 
Fall,  giving  them  the  freedom  of  the  farm 
and  some  new  corn.  Once  or  oftener  it  is 
a  part  of  my  day’s  doings  to  visit  one  or 
both  Alfalfa  fields  and  enjoy  seeing  the 
growth  made  since  the  rains  came.  It  is 
apparently  equal  to  that  made  in  the  Spring. 
The  writer  feels  that  there  is  no  crop  which 
while  growing  excels  it  in  beauty.  Cer¬ 
tainly  none  excels  it  in  the  promise  it 
gives  to  the  farmer  while  growing.  While 
the  drought  had  us  in  its  grip  the  horses 
were  fed  Alfalfa  hay  daily.  Now  each 
morning  finds  them  at  the  stable  door 
wanting  it.  leaving  fine  Blue  grass  pasture 
as  unsatisfactory.  joiin  m.  jamison. 

Ross  Co.,  Ohio. 


Live  Stock  Notes. 

The  Government  has  just  bought  in  Kan¬ 
sas  four  Morgan  horses,  which  will  be 
taken  to  the  Government  breeding  farm  in 
Vermont  where  effort  is  being  made  to 
preserve  and  improve  the  Morgan  breed. 

On  page  82G  .T.  IT.  B.  of  Ringgold.  Va., 
asks  for  information  about  Mammoth  Black 
hogs,  a  breed  that  is  new  to  the  United 
States  but  old  to  the  farmers  of  southern 
England.  I  have  a  number  of  purebreds 
and  think  they  are  about  the  finest  I  ever 
saw.  The  name  In  the  registry  books  of 
England  is  not  Mammoth  Black  hut  Large 
Black  Pig.  The  distinguishing  traits  are 
extreme  quietness  and  doeilitv  with  a  fine 
tendency  to  put  all  thereat  on  their  backs 
and  hams  as  good  lean  meat,  for  it  is  an 
excellent  bacon  breed.  They  stand  on 
strong  straight  legs,  make  a  fine  long  even 
ham  and  have  a  splendid  bacon  side  length. 
They  keep  well  in  pens  or  paddocks.  They 
have  large  drooping  ears  that  act  as  blinders 
and  no  doubt  tend  to  make  them  less  ner¬ 
vous  than  they  otherwise  would  be. 

Lincoln  Co..  Va.  ,1.  a.  t. 

At  the  National  Dairy  Show,  Chicago,  Oc¬ 
tober  26-November  4.  premiums  for  Brown 
Swiss  and  Dutch  Belted  cattle  will  bo  in¬ 
creased  20  per  cent,  and  there  has  been 
added  to  the  classification  a  Breeder’s  Cow 
Herd,  open  to  the  best  3  0  cows  two  years 
old  or  over.  This  is  open  to  all  breeds',  and 
win  bring  the  best  specimens  of  each  breed 
against  each  other.  Cows  entering  this 
contest  must  be  bred,  but  not  necessarily 
owned  by  exhibitor,  who,  if  he  is  fortunate, 
will  receive  a  $1,000  trophy  and  cash 
prizes  of  $250  and  $100.  There  will  be  on 
exhibition  a  model  dairy  barn,  and  this 
with  the  Government’s  elaborate  photo¬ 
graphic  trips  through  the  leading  dairy 
districts,  will  round  out  the  agricultural 
architecture  exhibit. 


The  MACY  SEPARATOR 

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asked  by  Agents.  Easiest  cleaned  machine  because  its 
skimming  device  is  aluminum.  Frictionless  pivot  frail 
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Five  sizes ;  five  popular  factory -to- farm  prices.  Cut 
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R.  H.  MACY  &  CO. 

801  Macy  Building,  -  New  York 


Solve  That  Hired  Man 
Problem  Forever 

Quit  worrying  season  after  season  about  the  hired  help 
problem.  Modernize  your  farm.  Do  most  of  your  barn  work 
by  machinery.  Star  (H.  H.  F.)  Barn  Equipment  handles 
all  the  litter  and  feed  quicker  and  better  than  half  a  dozen 
expensive  farm  hands.  Star  (H.  H.6&F.)  Stalls  and  Stanchions 
mean  a  cleaner  barn,  quicker  handling  of  the  milk,  less  labor 
for  everybody  on  the  place,  and  you  save  the  cost  by  doing 
away  with  extra  help  and  unnecessary  drudgery. 

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HEN-LICE  WAX 


-HOMESTEAD  FARM  IN  HUNT 
COUNTY,  N.  J.  108  acres;  fertile 
soil;  good  neighbors;  pure  water.  Brick  mansion 
house  of  14  rooms  and  all  necessary  outbuildings. 
Five  miles  from  Hopewell  on  P.  &  R.  R.  R.,  and  2 
miles  from  Ringoes  on  Penn.  R.  R.  Must  be  sold  to 
close  estate.  Inquire  Georue  Whitenack,  Skillman,  N.  J. 

New  York  State  Fanns-^,.^  & 

the  State.  Catalog  free  to  parties  intending  to  buy. 
NORTHERN  REALTY  CO.,  Syracuse,  New  York. 

FARM?  Circular  free.  Dept.  151,  Lelnnds’ 
I  Hll mo  Farm  Agency,  3t  Milk  St.,  Boston 

OR  SALE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
l  and  map  fi'ee.  Horack  G.  Rkkpkk,  Newtown,  Pa. 

FLORIDA — LAKE  COUNTY' “K0™® 

■  Astor  Park  depot;  for  winter  homes,  20-aore  tracts, 
$15  per  acre.  Owner,  II.  Ritter,  Glen  Cove,  N.  Y. 

Virginia  Orchard  Land  miles  from  Washington, 

D.  C.  1  selected  068  acres  of  fine  grnzing  and  timber 
land  adjoining  lands  of  Capt.  Beverley,  who  won  more 
premiums  on  ids  apples  ut  Virginia  State  Fair,  1910.  f  Imn 
any  one  exhibitor.  Will  sell  half,  divided  into  choice 
tracts  of  100  to  250  acres.  Write  for  folder. 

T.  S.  VANCE  ....  WARRENTON,  VIRGINIA 

WEST  PKAltODY,  MASS. 

- - Jider  Mill,  including  buildings,  en¬ 
gine,  boiler,  and  up  hydraulic  press,  and  all 
appliancesin  good  condition ;  capacity  100  to  150  bar¬ 
rels  per  day;  or  will  sell  machinery  separate.  No 
reasonable  offer  refused.  Southwick  &  Hackett. 


pr 


Only  one  application  a  year  necessary.  Send  for 
rices,  etc.  O.  W.  MAPES,  Middletown,  N.  Y. 


A  Few  Gray  Gall  Ducks  and  Drakes  For  Sale 

$1.50  each.  GEORGE  E.  CROSBY,  Jr.,  Windsor,  Conn. 


PHI  I  FT^  WAIITFn-r,0°  sinsie  eomb  white 

rULLCIO  ITHniCU  Leghorn,  March  and 
April  pullets.  Give  full  particulars,  price  and 
number,  delivered  Flemington,  New  Jersey. 

N.  C.  WARMAN,  Fiemington,  N.  J. 


S.  C.  Black  Minorcas  Pullets 

$1.85;  Cocks  $8.00.  SAMUEL  VAN  SYCKLE, 
White  House,  New  .Jersey. 


FOR  SALE  Z 


Wanted,  Experienced  Farmer 

to  handle  Dairy  Farm  on  shares — -235  acres,  with 
complete  set  of  buildings — two  miles  from  Port 
Jervis,  New  York.  Has  been  profitably  rim  as 
dairy  farm  for  several  years.  J.  B.  TURK,  62 
William  Street,  New  York. 

WANTFD  AT  ftNPF- Single  Ilian  under  30 
RH11ILU  rtl  V/ii  V.E.  years  for  general  farm 

work.  Good  milker  and  worker,  free  from  bad 
habits.  Give  references.  Place  40  miles  north 
New  York.  $30  and  board  monthly.  Address  Box 
127,  Bedford  Hides,  N.  Y. 


PULLETS  FOR  SALE 


ONE  HUNDRED 
bead  of  S.  C.  W.  Leg¬ 
horn  Pullets,  early  April  hatch,  averaging  2ks  lbs. 
each  or  better  at  the  present  time.  Plumage  pure 
white,  and  yellow  legs.  Young’s  Strain,  at  $1.25 
each.  THE  MACKEY  FARMS,  Gidboa,  N.Y. 


THOROUGHBRED 


S.  0.  WHITE  LEGHORN 


yOUNG 


MAN  wishes  position  on  poultry  or  fruit 
farm:  some  experience.  C.  B.  C.,  care  R.  N.-Y. 


Hatched  first  week  in  April.  They  are  fine  speci¬ 
mens  of  the  breed.  Price  $1.50  each.  ERVA 
CLINE,  R.  D.  No.  2,  Stockton,  N.  J. 


WANTED— 4  or  5  GOOD  COWSToV^Tr 

prices,  but  good  milkers;  want  for  dairy  farm. 
JOS.  C.  CASKEY,  1133  Broadway,  New  York  City. 


CEEO  HIGH— PIGS  LOW — Huy  now  for  another  year’s 
■  advanced  prices.  0. 1. 0.  pig  half  price.  PARDY 


U.  pig  halt  price 
BROS.,  Cross  Road  Farm,  Plattsburgh,  N.  Y 


mC  A|  C— If  you  want  the  best  farms  for  the 
OHLL  money,  send  forour  large  free  catalog. 
HA  LL’S  FA RAI  AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.,  N.Y. 


WANTFn — UAN  and  WIFE  to  work  on  small 
TtnlllLU  farm  of  twenty-four  acres  near 
trolley  line  to  city.  Man  must  understand  care  of 
horses.  House  rent  free.  Good  salary  to  right 
party.  M.  H.  F.,  care  Rural  New-Yorker. 

REGISTERED  BERKSHIRES 

Insure  yourself,  at  little  cost,  a  superior  animal  for 
use  next  spring.  Male  pigs  only:  June  farrow. 
Leading  strains.  Good  individually— $8.00  each. 

JAMES  A.  BRADEN’S  BLUE  HILLS  FARM,  .  Akron.  Ohio 

B  U  FF  W Y AN  DOTTES^/^S 

FOWL.  Utility  and  Exhibition  stock  for  sale.  Cir¬ 
culars  free.  John  Wildmarth,  Aniityville,  N.  Y. 

PULLETS  and  YEARLING  HENS  T$s 

dottes,  single  and  rose  comb;  Brown  and  W.  Leg¬ 
horns,  R.  I.  Reds;  from  80  cents  per  head  up.  Write 
for  just  what  you  want  and  how  much  yon  wish  to 
invest.  Maple  Cove  Poultry  Yards,  R.  24  Athens, IPa.- 


972 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


September  30. 


The  Henyard. 


That  Awful  Small  Boy. 

Small  Bov  :  What  is  a  roost,  pa  ? 

Parent :  A  roost,  my  sou.  is  the  pole 
on  which  chickens  roost  at  night. 

Small  Boy:  And  what  is  a  perch,  papa? 

Parent :  A  perch  is  what  chickens  perch 
on  at  night.  ,  , 

Small  Boy  :  Well,  papa,  could  a  chicken 
roost  on  a  perch ? 

Parent :  Why,  of  course. 

Small  Boy:  An’  could  they  perch  on  a 
roost? 

Parent :  O,  heavens,  yes !  1  suppose  so, 

Small  Boy :  But  if  just  after  some 
chickens  had  perched  on  a  roost  and  made 
it  a  perch,  some  chickens  came  along  and 
roosted  on  the  perch  and  made  it  a  roost, 
then  the  roost  would  be  a  perch  and  the 
perch  would  be  a  roost,  and  some  of  the 
chickens  would  be  perchers  and  the  others 
would  be  roosters,  and  - 

Parent :  Susan  !  Susan  !  Take  this  child 
to  bed  before  he  drives  me  mad. 


The  Business  Hen  in  Panama. 

The  Isthmian  Canal  Commission  takes  up 
smaller  subjects  than  steam  shovels  and 
concrete  dams.  Here  is  its  poultry  report: 

The  Ancon  Hospital  poultry  farm  has 
been  in  existence  since  January,  1910.  start¬ 
ing  with  200  Brown  Leghorn  hens  and  15 
cocks.  In  the  following  April,  100  hens 
and  10  cocks  of  the  Khode  island  Red  va¬ 
riety  were  added :  one  month  later  a  con¬ 
signment  of  230  Plymouth  Rock  hens  and 
cocks  were  received,  and  in  April,  1911,  an 
addition  of  100  fowls,  imported  from  the 
States,  was  made  to  the  Brown  Leghorn 


family. 

During  the  first  18  months  of  operation 
(Januarv  1.  1910.  to  July  1.  1911),  4.455 
dozen  eggs  were  produced  at  the  farm,  of 
which  the  Leghorns  laid  29.329  eggs,  the 
Reds  9,094,  and  the  Plymouth  Rocks  15.- 


042. 

The  cost  of  running  the  poultry  farm, 
and  the  approximate  cost  of  the  eggs  per 
dozen,  by  months,  for  the  seven  months 
ending  July  31,  1911,  follows: 

Approxi. 
mate  Cost 
Per  Doz. 
$0.13 
.11% 
.1 1  % 
.10% 
.10 
.13% 
.11% 


Dozens. 

Total 

Cost. 

January  . . . . 

..  287 

$36.97 

February  ... 

.  .  243 

28.33 

March  . 

. .  247 

28.81 

April  . . 

. .  281 

29.16 

May  . 

290 

29.94 

June  . 

.  .  235 

32.34 

July  . 

25.15 

The  average  cost  per  dozen  for  the  whole 
period  mentioned  has  been  about  11% 
cents.  The  prevailing  price  of  eggs  at  the 
commissary  is  27  cents  per  dozen,  indicat¬ 
ing  on  the  basis  of  that  figure  a  saving  of 
about  15%  cents  per  dozen,  or  about  $280 
for  the  seven  months’  period.  There  were 
also  53  pairs  of  pigeons  which  produced 
squabs  at  about  21  %  cents  each. 


There  are  several  ostrich  farms  in  Ger¬ 
many.  Incubators  are  used  for  hatching, 
though  the  hen  ostrich  is  better.  A  new 
use  for  a  duck  is  recorded  :  “Another  pecu¬ 
liarity  of  a  baby  ostrich  is  that  it  will  not 
eat  when  alone,  and  at  the  Stollingeii  farm 
there  is  a  large-sized  ordinary  duck  of 
common  breed  which  acts  as  foster  mother 
to  all  the  young  birds  when  first  hatched. 
Observation  shows  that  the  duck  appreci¬ 
ates  its  duties  and  takes  kindly  to  them  and 
that  the  result  is  satisfactory.” 


Egg  Profits. 

1.  What  profits  are  being  made  on  well- 
managed  commercial  egg  farms?  2.  What 
is  your  opinion  of  the  S.  C.  White  Orping¬ 
tons  as  an  egg  producer.  Do  they  lay 
white  eggs?  M.  R. 

1.  Although  we  hear  quite  frequently  of 
large  profits  per  head  made  from  laying 
hens,  they  are  for  the  most  part  being 
made  by  men  handling  small  flocks,  giving 
them  most  careful  attention,  and  who  have 
worked  up  a  special  trade  that  commands  a 
high  price.  1  very  much  doubt  if  the  aver¬ 
age  well-managed  flock  realizes  more  than 
a  dollar  per  head  of  profit.  2.  The  S.  C\ 
Orpingtons,  like  the  Plymouth  Rock  and 
Wyandottes,  are  a  medium  sized  breed  and 
only  excel  as  layers  in  special  strains  bred 
for  that  purpose.  The  eggs  are  more  or 
less  tinted.  R.  n. 

A  Henhouse  Plan. 

Tell  any  faults  with  the  following  plans 
for  a  poultry  house :  I  intend  to  drive 
stakes  into  the  ground  about  two  feet  and 
allow  them  to  come  about  a  foot  above  the 
ground,  and  place  the  henhouse  on  these 
stakes.  I  also  intend  to  bank  the  sides 
with  straw  in  Winter  to  keep  cold  air  from 
going  under  the  house,  and  leave  it  open 
under  it  in  the  Summer.  I  have  been  told 
lately  that  this  is  unwise,  because  the  floor 
will  soon  rot  out.  Is  there  any  truth  in 
these  statements?  Aside  from  a  cement 
floor  I  propose  to  adopt  the  plans  followed 
by  the  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  at 
Ithaca.  I  would  like  to  give  you  an  account 
of  the  pullets  after  they  begin  to  lay. 

New  York.  E.  c.  H. 

You  will  be  safe  in  following  the  Ithaca 
plan  for  your  location.  As  to  placing  it  up 
off  the  ground  on  stakes,  it  will  make  it 
cooler  in  Summer,  and  if  tightly  banked 
will  be  nearly  as  warm  in  Winter.  Unless 
you  wire  it  to  keep  the  hens  from  getting 
under,  you  should  have  it  a  foot  or  two 
higher.  The  flooring  will  last  much  longer 
raised  above  the  ground  in  this  way  than  if 
next  to  the  ground.  r.  b. 


Cornish  Indian  Game. 

On  page  829  S.  V.  S.,  of  New  Jersey, 
wanted  information  regarding  the  Cornish 
Indian  Game  as  a  general  purpose  fowl.  I 
thought  a  few  words  from  one  knowing 
the  breed  from  A  to  V.  would  be  acceptable. 
As  an  all-round  breed  the  Dark  Cornish 
(formerly  Indian  Games)  possess  many 
good  points.  Their  hard,  close  feathers 
and  small  frostproof  pea  comb  make  them 
one  of  the  best  fowls  for  this  climate,  and 
being  hardy  and  vigorous  they  are  seldom 
troubled  with  sickness  common  to  other 
breeds.  As  layers  we  don’t  expect  hens 
Weighing  from  seven  to  10  pounds  to  lay 
as  well  as  three  or  four-pound  breeds,  yet 
I  have  known  hens  three  and  four  years 
old  to  lay  as  many  as  25  eggs  in  one 
month.  I  find  they  lay  more  eggs  in  Win¬ 


ter  than  several  American  breeds  popular 
today.  For  broilers  they  cannot  bo 
beaten.  Chicks  feather  quickly  and  the 
great  amount  of  breast  meat  makes  them 
fit  for  market  three  weeks  before^  other 
breeds.  There  is  more  meat  on  a  Cornish 
chick  at  1  %  pound  than  there  is  on  a  Rock 
or  Red  at  two  pounds.  I  raised  the  three 
kinds  and  fed  them  alike  and  found  the 
Cornish  beat  all  others  by  three  weeks. 
Cornish  weighed  two  pounds  where  others 
weighed  1  %  pound. _ l.  ii.  F. 

An  Engineer  and  his  Hens. 

On  page  952  an  engineer  gave  a  brief 
statement  about  bis  lien  business.  Does 
lie  keep  them  for  fun  or  is  it  a  business 
enterprise?  If  so,  does  it  pay? 

SEVERAL  READERS. 

Mr.  L.  B.  Thatcher,  who  wrote  the  note 
referred  to,  makes  the  following  statement. 
He  keeps  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns  : 

After  working  10  hours  in  engine  room, 
I  am  not  working  three  hours  a  day  and 
holidays  with  poultry,  for  love  of  them 
alone.  The  following  figures  are  taken 
from  my  book,  beginning  November,  1909, 
ending  October  31,  1910  : 

Set  400-egg  incubator  three  times, 

1,248  eggs,  at  24  cents  per  dozen.  $24.96 
Hatched  932  strong  chicks,  which 
cost  to  feed  until  cockerels  were 
sold  as  broilers  and  pullets  ma¬ 
tured,  to  October  31 .  178.80 

One  barrel  of  oil .  6.00 

Supplies  .  26.40 

$237.45 

Cost  of  keep  of  210  layers .  256.20 

Cost  of  being  caught  for  a  sucker..  20.00 

$513.65 

Receipts. 

Eggs  sold,  2.135  dozen ;  average 

price,  per  dozen.  31  cents . $661.85 

Hens  sold  to  butcher.  341  pounds,  at 

13  cents  .  44.33 

Day-old  chicks,  50  at  15  cents .  7.50 

Cockerels,  314,  at  20  to  85  cents  per 

pair  .  84.08 

Bullets,  160,  at  $1.50  each .  240.00 

Bullets.  30  at  $1.25  each .  37.50 

Stock  on  hand,  104  year-old  hens 
for  breeders;  butchers’  value, 
about  .  52.00 

$1,107.26 

Less  .  513.65 

Brofit .  $593.61 

Pullets  on  hand.  122,  that  about  balance 
in  number  hens  sold. 

Used  poultry  and  eggs  in  family  to  the 
value  of  $60  for  our  use.  But  not  a  market 
value  of  that  amount,  as  many  were  large, 
small  and  cracked  eggs. 

My  profit  for  this  year  will  be  better,  as 
I  have  sold’  1,500  hatching  eggs  at  $5  per 
hundred,  and  all  my  yearlings  that  I  care 
to  spare  at  $1  each,  and  100  pullets  at 
$1.50  each. 

Now,  reader,  if  you  get  the  hen  fever, 
hold  down  your  job  until  you  have  had 
several  years'  experience,  and  have  grown 
chicks  in  quantity  and  quality.  If  you 
don’t  you  will  last  just  so  long  as  your 
money  holds  out.  As  a  side  line  with  my 
trade  it  has  been  very  confining.  I  have 
hardly  been  to  a  place  of  amusement  in 
three  years,  but  have  bought  land,  built  a 
house,  laying  house  for  300  birds  and  col¬ 
ony  houses  for  1.000  young  stock,  with  a 
hopeful  future.  l.  b.  thatcheu. 

New  Jersey. 


A  PAYING  BUSINESS 

Where  the  Others  Do  the  Paying — Not  You 

HERE  is  a  business  that  does  not  tie  up 
your  money  where  you  will  never  see 
it  again.  If  you  are  not  afraid  of 
honest  work,  you  can  build  up  a  substantial 
business  in  your  own  neighborhood  by  digging 
machine-made  ditches  with  a  Buckeye 
Traction  Ditcher. 

Farmers  are  waking  to  the  value  of  tile- 
drainage  and  subsoiling.  They  are  demand¬ 
ing  machine-made  ditches — ■ 

(I)  Because  ihey  are  within  the  reach  of  every 
pocket(>ook . 

(2)  Because  they  are  truer  and  always  of  perfect 
grade . 

(3)  Because  the  work  is  quickly  done. 

(4)  Because  there  is  no  gang  of  men  to  board  for 
weeks  at  a  time. 

Where  there  is  a  demand,  there  is  where 
you  can  build  up  a  successful  business.  If 
you  have  a  keen  eye  for  opportunities  you 
will  here  see  the  road  open  for  large  profits. 
Others  have  earned  $2,500  a  year.  You 
can  do  the  same.  The  initial  co£t  of  the 
machine  is  small  and  it  pays  for  itself  the 
fir^t  season.  Requires  no  technical  knowledge 
to  operate ;  work  is  agreeable  and  profitable. 
Buy  a  Buckeye  and  watch  your  bank 
account  grow. 

Write  for  Catalog  No.  3 

The  Buckeye  Traction  Ditcher  Co., 
Findlay,  Ohio. 


60  l 


I  —■  OOCKEKEI.S,  selected  from  400  range 
grown,  at,  $2.00.  Shipments  at  ti  lbs.  made  in  order 
of  remittances  received.  Gori  &  Son,  Ulster,  Pa. 


There’s  no  Proof  to  Equal 
Your  Own  Experience 


We  want  you  to  have  your  own  experience 
with  Dried  Beet  Pulp  as  a  feed  for  your  cows. 
We  are  going  to  make  it  as  easy  for  you  to 
have  that  experience  as  we  know  how. 

We  say— TRY  IT— a  100-pound  sack— if  it  does 
not  satisfy  you,  you  get  the  sack  free. 

And  you  can  get  Dried  Beet  Pulp  from  your  local  dealer,  whom  you  know  per¬ 
sonally,  and  who  knows  you.  He  will  make  you  that  offer  himself. 

A  100-pound,  sack  of  Dried  Beet  Pulp  is  enough  for  one  cow  three 
weeks  or  so — long  enough  for  you  to  find  out  what  it  will  do  toward 
increasing  that  cow’s  milk  production — long  enough  for  you  to 
make  up  your  mind  as  to  its  merits. 

As  a  health  promoter,  Dried  Beet  Pulp  is  without  an  equal.  It  keeps 
cows  free  from  digestive  disorders  even  when  a  heavy  ration  is  fed. 

It  is  easy  to  handle  and  no  trouble  to  feed.  Give  dry  or  moist, 
as  you  prefer. 


DRIED  BEET  PULP 


Just.  Like  Roots 


THE  FEED  THATS  GUARANTEED)? 


tried 


We  want  to  help  you  get  the  most 
milk  possible  at  the  least  cost.  If 
we  cannot  help  you  do  that,  we 
will  not  make  you  pay  for  having 
our  plan.  Therefore  we  make 
you  this  guaranty  : 

We  guarantee  that  any  sack  of  our  Dried 
Beet  Pulp  bought  for  trial  either  direct 
from  us  or  through  a  dealer,  will  prove 
satisfactory  to  the  buyer,  or  we  will 
refund  the  purchase  price. 

Larger  quantities  can  be  oougnt 


with  the  privilege  of  trying  one 
sack  and  if  found  unsatisfactory, 
the-  entire  purchase  price  will  be 
refunded  if  the  unused  portion  is 
shipped  in  accordance  with  instructions 
to  be  received  from  us. 

Dried  Beet  Pulp  is  also  uniformly  satis¬ 
factory  in  the  feeding  of  horses,  steers, 
hogs,  sheep  and  poultry.  Send  for  more 
information  and  our  book  “Feeding 
for  Larger  Profits.”  It  will  give  you 
new  light  on  the  feeding  question. 


THE  LARR0WE  MILLING  CC.,  Box  619 ,  Ford  Bldg.,  Detroit,  Mich. 


■Blatchford’s  Sugar  and  Flaxseed- 

Rich  in  the  three  elements  essential  to  profitable  feeding,  viz:  Oil,  Sugar  and 
Albumenous  Compounds. 

The  best  food  in  the  world  to  use  after  your  calves  are  old  enough  not  to  need 

BLATCHFORD’S  CALF  MEAL. 

The  sugar  is  not  obtained  from  molasses  but  from  the  choicest  of  selected 
Locust  Beans.  There  is  not  a  drop  of  molasses  in  Blatchford’s  Sugar  and  Flaxseed. 

Many  times  richer  than  Oilmeal.  Gives  the  animals  the  advantage  of  a  mixed  supplemental  food. 

Endorsed  by  some  of  the  largest  exhibitors  of  stock  at  fairs  and  fat  stock  shows  as  uncqualcd  for  “topping 
off”  stock.  You  should  investigate.  Get  full  particulars  from  your  dealer  or  address 

Blatcliford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory  (Established  1800)  Waukegan,  Illinois 


Standard  Veterinary  Remody 
In  Use  2  t  Years 


Trade  Mark 
Registered 


MAKE  HENS  LA’ 

more  eggs;  larger,  more  vigorous  chicks} 
heavier  fowls,  by  feeding  cut  bone. 

MAUAJ’C  latest  model 
lYlASlIl  O  BONE  CUTTER 


L 

cuts  fast,  easy,  fine;  never  clogs. 
■  10  Days'  Free  Trial.  No  money  in  advance.  Book  free. 

RttF.W.MANN  CO.,  Box  1 6.  MILFORD,  MASS. 


H  EAVES  CURED 

NEWTON’S  REMEDY  Coughs,  Distempers. 

Safe,  positive  cure  that  is  Guaranteed  for 
Heaves.  It  gets  at  the  root  of  the  trouble.  A 
scien  tificremedy  for  indigos  tion,  which  is  the  real 
cause  of  heaves.  Heaves  affect  the  lungs  only 
indirectly.  Newton’s  Remedy  drives  out  intes¬ 
tinal  worms  and  is  an  excellent  stomach  and 
bowel  conditioner.  Book  explains  fully,  free.  $1 
per  can,  at  dealers’,  or  sent  direct,  prepaid. 
THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


Seldom  See 

a  big  knee  like  this,  but  your  horse  may 
have  a  bunch  or  bruise  on  his  Ankle, 
Hock,  Stifle,  Knee  or  Throat. 


RaIa—a  tftA.  will  clean  them  o ft  without  laying  the 
ueiore  Artor  horse  up.  K0  blister,  no  hair  gone. 
12.00  per  bottle  delivered.  Describe  your  case  for 
special  instructions  and  Book  8  E  free. 

ABSOBBINE,  J  K.,  liniment  for  mankind.  Re¬ 
moves  Painful  Swellings,  Enlarged  Glands, 
Goitre,  Wens,  Bruises,  Varicose  Veins,  Varicosities, 
Old  Sores.  Allays  Pain.  Price  $1  and  $2  a  bottle  at 
druggists  or  delivered.  Manufactured  only  by 

W.F. YOUNG,  P.D.F.,88  Temple  St.,  Springfield, Maw. 


A  $100  HORSE 

I  may  quickly  become  worthless  by  developing  a 
curb,  spavin,  splint  or  going  lame.  Don’t  sacri¬ 
fice  him.  Cure  him  with 

Quinn’s  Ointment 

I  It  cures  permanently  and  absolutely  all  common  I 
horse  ailments.  The  unfailing  remedy  of  years  | 

I  which  has  the  confidence  of  horse  owners.  $  1 .  a 
bottle.  All  druggists  or  by  mail.  Testimonials  free. 

W.  B.  Eddy  &  Co.  Whitehall,  N.  Y. 


700 


F. 


S.  C.  W.  LEGHORNS— Annual  Sale  of  Thor- 
_  _  ouglibred  Yearlings  and  Two-Year-Olds. 
B.  Dilts,  Maple  Spring  Farm,  Flemington,  N.  J. 


0(1  EGGS  S1.00— I.eading  varieties,  62  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
L  U  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Dirge  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 

Pfllll  TRYMPN~Dontfail t0 secureStock  and 
lUULI  fl  I  III  Lll  Eggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS.  Marietta, Pa. 

WHITE  ROCKS, 
PARTRIDGE  WYAN¬ 
DOTTES,  PARTRIDGE  COCHINS.  We  have  a 
tine  lot  of  youngsters.  Prize-winning  strain. 

MINCH  UKOS.,  Route  H,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 


BARRED  ROCKS 


EVERY  LOUSY  HEN 

is  losing  real  money  for  you.  You  can’t 
expect  your  lice-infested  hens  to  havo 
vitality  enough  left  to  produce  eggs. 
Every  egg  you  DON’T  get  is  so  much 
money  lost.  Bulletin  No.  33,  sent  free  to 
anyone,  tells  “  How  to  Keep  Vermin 
Away  Permanently,”  saving  monthly  ex¬ 
penses  for  Whitewash,  Kerosene,  Insect 
Powders,  Lice  Killers,  etc.  Write  us  today 
CARBOUNEUM  WOOD  PRESERVING  CO. 
187  Franklin  Street, New  York  City 

MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Kst.  1814 

R.  MacKELLAR'S  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill,  N.Y. 

Notwithstanding  the  faet  that  we  have 
more  than  doubled  the  size  of  our 

INCUBATION  PLANT 

past  customers  have  already  engaged  space  for 
next  season  equal  to  the  entire  number  of  eggs  wo 
handled  last  year.  We  print  this  notice  not  to 
hurry  you  in  giving  us  your  order,  but  to  give  you 
the  opportunity  to  avoid  disappointment. 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM, 
Millerton,  New  York 

rnfjn  Single-Combed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 
Q  II  U  II  Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
wwww  ]jronze  q’urkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 
right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  best  selections.  Largest  success¬ 
ful  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  and  Cock¬ 
erels:  any  quantity  at  attractive  prices:  bred-to-lay 
kind.  SUNNY  BILL  FARM,  Flemington,  N.  J. 


SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS — W rite 
at  once  if  you  wish  stock  from  our  “mammoth 
utility”  strain  of  heaviest  layers  and  the  most  suc¬ 
cessful  and  probably  the  best  known  egg  farm  on 
Long  Island.  “Quality”  prices  not  considered — 
quick  moving  prices  are.  THORN EHAVEN  POUL¬ 
TRY  FARM,  Shelter  Island  Heights,  N.  Y. 


THE  FARMER’S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
I  layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER.  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 


Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  May  return  at  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  Sonthold,  Suffolk  Co.,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


973 


CONTROLLING  THE  PRICE  OF  MILK. 

There  are  some  conditions  growing  up 
about  the  business  of  producing  milk 
for  city  markets  that  are  well  nigh  in¬ 
tolerable  to  the  self-respecting  citizen, 
making  him  look  forward  eagerly  to  the 
time  when  he  can  see  his  way  clear  to 
earn  a  living  in  some  other  way.  It  is 
bad  enough  to  know  that  the  price  he  is 
to  receive  for  his  product!,  and  upon 
which  largely  depends  his  profits,  or 
want  of  the  same,  is  determined  at  coun¬ 
cils  in  which  he  has  no  adequate  repre¬ 
sentation.  In  addition  to  that,  he  now 
has  to  submit  to  the  humiliation  of 
having  city  inspectors  invade  his  prem¬ 
ises  and  lay  down  rules  which  he  must 
follow,  made  by  a  body  in  which  he  has 
absolutely  no  representation.  If  he  at¬ 
tempts  to  stand  on  his  threshold  and 
guard  the  premises  for  which  he  holds 
a  title  deed,  these  invaders  show  their 
club,  instead  of  their  badge  of  authority 
with  the  usual  “open  in  the  name  of  the 
law.” 

It  makes  no  difference  that  a  milk 
producer  is  obeying  every  law  of  his 
nation,  State,  county,  township,  and 
school  district,  and  selling  clean  cold 
milk  from  clean  healthy  cows,  to  a  sat¬ 
isfied  buyer.  These  invaders  tell  him  to 
stand  aside  or  they  will  use  their  club 
to  make  his  satisfied  buyer  break  his 
contract.  The  most  specious  argument 
I  have  ever  heard,  that  farmers  have 
representation  in  city  health  depart¬ 
ments,  is  the  one  sent  by  Dr.  Darling¬ 
ton  to  the  meeting  of  Pomona  Grange 
at  Warwick,  N.  Y.,  as  his  substitute, 
He  claimed  that  the  State  delegated 
certain  powers  to  city  health  officers, 
when  it  granted  a  city  charter.  This 
argument  is  easily  swept  aside  by  re¬ 
minding  readers  that  State  lines  are  no 
barriers  to  these  modern  buccaneers. 
The  residents  of  Connecticut  or  New 
Jersey  certainly  took  no  part  in  grant¬ 
ing  a  charter  to  New  York  City,  and 
there  is  not  even  a  national  board  of 
health. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  conditions 
could  and  should  be  improved,  and 
that  city  representatives  have  some 
good  ideas  on  the  subject.  When  they 
use  arguments  and  ballots  to  get  what 
they  want,  we  are  ready  to  meet  them 
half  way,  respect  their  opinions,  and 
abide  bv  majority  rule.  When  they  use 
clubs,  they  get  as  much  “respect’’  as 
the  weight  of  their  club  entitles  them 
to,  and  no  co-operation.  Is  it  any  won¬ 
der  that  New  York  City  admits  the 
failure  of  country  inspection,  and  is 
preparing  to  try  pasteurization? 

I  have  had  strong  hopes  that  we 
shall  be  able,  eventually,  to  rectify  the 
more  obnoxious  conditions  surrounding 
milk  production  for  city  markets, 
through  the  instrumentality  of  the 
Dairymen’s  League.  The  primary  object 
of  the  League  is  to  enable  producers  to 
have  some  voice  in  naming  the  price 
producers  are  to  receive  for  their 
goods. 

This  will  be  easy  of  accomplishment 
whenever  we  are  prepared  to  act  col¬ 
lectively.  The  very  magnitude  of  the 
wants  of  the  New  York  City  market, 
and  of  some  of  the  larger  dealers,  make 
them  “an  easy  mark”  for  the  men  who 
own  the  cows  and  the  grazing  lands  in 
their  territory,  as  soon  as  we  are  in 
position  to  deal  with  them  collectively. 
One  of  the  greatest  bugbears,  here¬ 
tofore,  has  been  the  fear  of  certain 
anti-trust  laws,  and  the  recent  convic¬ 
tion  of  members  of  the  Live  Poultry 
Association  and  the  imposing  of  a  jail 
sentence,  shows  that  these  fears  were 
well  grounded. 

I  propose  to  point  out  a  plan  by 
which  we  can  accomplish  our  purpose 
without  running  any  such  risk,  in  the 
hope  that  stockholders  in  the  League, 
and  prospective  stockholders,  will  bring 
pressure  to  bear  on  the  Board  of  Di¬ 
rectors,  inducing  them  to  adopt  this 
plan  as  the  future  policy  of  the  League. 
At  the  last  meeting  of  stockholders  for 
the  election  of  a  board  of  directors. 
Judge  A.  H.  F.  Seeger,  of  Newburgh, 
consented  to  act  as  legal  adviser,  and 
he  was  one  of  those  who  feared  there 
were  rocks  ahead  in  the  shape  of  the 
law  against  conspiring  in  restraint  of 
trade.  He  told  us  that  “I  cannot  see 
that  it  makes  any  legal  difference 
whether  the  parties  are  all  buyers,  or 
whether  they  are  partly  buyers  and 
partly  sellers.  The  violation  of  the  law 
consists  in  a  number  of  buyers  and  a 
number  of  sellers  getting  their  heads 
together  for  the  purpose  of  controlling 
the  price  and  creating  a  monopoly  in 
price.” 

The  plan  which  I  now  propose,  called 
the.  contract  plan,  was  afterward  ex¬ 
plained  to  him  in  detail,  and  it  brought 
the  following  response : 

Your  plan  meets  with  my  entire  ap¬ 


proval.  I  do  not.  see  how  it  possibly  could 
be  a  violation  of  either  the  letter  or  the 
spirit  of  the  law.  I  confess  that  I  did 
not  understand  it  so  from  your  first  letter. 
You  know  that  1  have  always  been  em¬ 
ployed  upon  the  side  of  the  enforcement 
of  laws  and  have  had  no  experience  what¬ 
ever  in  devising  plans  for  their  evasion. 
That  has  never  been  my  forte  and  1  cer¬ 
tainly  think  that  you  have  struck  the  right 
plan.  It  is  far  better  for  the  League  to 
study  to  comply  with  the  law  according 
to  its  declaration  of  purposes  than  it  is  to 
attempt  to  invent  schemes  which  are  of  a 
shady  nature.  What  the  League  wants  is 
the  support  of  the  people.  I  think  it  has 
that  at  the  present  time  and  it  is  advis¬ 
able  to  hold  it.  A.  H.  F.  SEEGEK. 

I  cannot  go  into  the-  details  of  the 
plan  in  this  article.  In  brief,  it  is  this: 
A  corporation,  which  the  League  is,  is 
regarded  as  a  unit  in  the  eyes  of  the 
law.  Its  board  of  directors  or  officers 
can  decide  upon  a  selling  price  for  the 
League,  without  coming  under  the  head 
of  “conspirators.”  Each  owner  of  a 
dairy  is  another  unit.  No  law  can  for¬ 
bid  the  latter  to  enter  into  contract 
with  the  former,  appointing  the  League 
his  or  her  sole  agent  for  the  sale  of 
the  product  of  the  dairy  m  the  form  of 
sweet  milk  or  sweet  cream,  on  a  com¬ 
mission  basis,  much  as  many  men  place 
the  sale  of  their  farms  or  other  real 
estate  in  the  hands  of  a  real  estate 
agent.  So  long  as  buyers  are  not 
changed  without  the  consent  of  the  pro¬ 
ducer,  and  payments  are  made  direct  to 
producers,  little  or  no  financial  respon¬ 
sibility  need  be  assumed  by  the  League, 
and  a  very  small  commission  will  be 
sufficient  to  pay  all  expenses.  At  pres¬ 
ent  the  Borden  Company  and  the  Milk 
Exchange  are  the  chief  price-naming 
bodies.  As  a  starter,  the  League  should 
get  control  of  the  sale,  as  nearly  as 
possible,  of  each  dairy  of  milk  supply¬ 
ing  the  Borden  Company  and  the  direc¬ 
tors  of  the  Milk  Exchange.  When  the 
League  can  say  to  those  parties,  “When 
your  present  contracts  expire  you  must 
come  to  us  to  get  them  renewed.”  pro¬ 
ducers  will  be  able  to  force  their  way 
into  the  price-making  chamber  on  at 
least  an  equal  footing.  The  purchase 
and  sale  of  such  a  volume  of  milk  will 
establish  a  precedent  in  the  market 
which  small  buyers  and  sellers  will 
have  to  recognize  as  a  basis  when  mak¬ 
ing  their  contracts,  just  as  they  now 
recognize  the  Borden  price.  In  fact,  the 
Borden  price  and  the  League  price  will 
then  be  synonymous. 

The  capital  stock  of  the  League 
should  be  owned,  as  it  is,  by  producers 
exclusively  throughout  the  whole  New 
York  milk  territory.  The  holdings  of 
each  are  small,  and  all  are  more  in¬ 
terested  in  keeping  the  price  of  milk 
good  than  in  big  dividends  on  their 
stock.  Each  stockholder  will  also  have 
a  voice  in  choosing  the  board  of  direc¬ 
tors  who  will  have  the  naming  of  the 
price,  or  the  acceptance  or  refusal  of 
price  made  by  the  present  price-nam¬ 
ing  body.  If  patrons  of  other  buyers 
than  those  mentioned  above  have  diffi¬ 
culty  in  selling  at  a  price  based  on  the 
League  price,  that  is  satisfactory,  let 
them  also,  by  contracts,  appoint  the 
League  as  selling  agent.  The  more  of 
such  sales  it  can  have  charge  of  the 
bigger  fish  it  will  be  in  the  sea  of  milk. 
The  big  fish  thrive  at  the  expense  of 
the  little  ones  in  all  waters. 

Let  us  take  advantage  of  what  we  see 
going  on  about  us  in  the  business  world. 
The  U.  S.  Steel  Corporation  dominates 
the  steel  situation  because  it  owns  and 
controls  the  bulk  of  the  supply  of  steel. 
The  same  is  true  of  the  Standard  Oil 
Company  and  many  other  corporations 
I  might  name.  The  Borden  Company 
dominates  the  milk  situation  for  the 
same  reason.  But  please  remember  that 
until  we  sign  their  contracts  they  have 
no  weapon.  We  own  the  cows,  and  the 
farms  about  their  costly  factories,  all 
of  which  they  cannot  move  to  new  loca¬ 
tions.  Let  us  put  the  shoe  on  the  other 
foot  and  first  sign  our  contracts  with  a 
corporation  whose  interest  it  is  to  keep 
the  price  at  the  highest  possible  notch, 
instead  of  at  the  lowest  possible  notch 
as  now.  o.  w.  mapes. 


Milk  Notes. 

Tho  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.61 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  3%  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  20-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


The  Massachusetts.  Situation. 

Milk  situation  in  Massachusetts  is  some¬ 
what  agitated  as  the  time  draws  near  for 
making  a  price  for  the  Winter  months. 
Much  dissatisfaction  is  felt  in  some  sec¬ 
tions  over  the  price  and  conditions  existing 
at  present,  and  many  things  point  to  a  re¬ 
duced  supply  for  Boston  this  Winter.  The 
outlook  is  high  prices  for  grain  and  a  short 
supply  of  rough  feed  and  hay  to  supple¬ 
ment  Winter  feed.  The  recent  frost  dam¬ 
aged  silo  corn  to  quite  an  extent.  The 
field  corn  really  needed  another  week  at 
least  to  bring  it  to  proper  eondition,  and 
much  Hungarian  and  millet  which  stood 
still  in  the  dry  time  has  just  begun  to 


grow,  and  also  needed  another  week  to  be 
fit  for  cutting.  Many  acres  of  this  are 
frost-bitten  and  practically  spoiled.  The 
directors  of  the  farmers’  company  or  B.  C. 
M.  P.  C.  met  September  19  to  arrange  a 
price  for  Winter  milk  and  look  over  the 
situation  generally.  We  are  informed  that 
in  one  section  of  Vermont  the  farmers  have 
received  20  cents  a  can,  8%  quarts,  for 
May  and  June,  22  for  July,  and  20  for 
August,  milk  sold  to  the  Hood  Co.  These 
people  are  much  stirred  up.  and  intend  to 
get  fairer  prices  or  put  the  milk  into  a 
creamery  instead  of  sending  to  Boston. 
I)r.  Smith,  cf  Washington,  D.  C.,  has  just 
finished  an  inspection  of  the  Boston  milk 
supply  and  reports  it  al>6ve  the  average  in 
regard  to  sanitary  conditions  and  quality 
generally.  We  have  always  believed  our 
milk  was  all  right  with  few  exceptions,  but 
the  price  received  was  generally  too  low, 
and  too  wide  a  margin  existed  between  the 
producer's  price  and  the  price  paid  by  the 
average  consumer.  Too  many  middlemen, 
contractors  and  other  officials,  including 
inspectors,  are  supported  by  this  same  mar¬ 
gin,  and  if  some  of  these  were  cut  out  and 
dropped,  and  the  saving  from  this  went 
into  the  farmer’s  pocket  where  it  belongs, 
we  should  be  nearer  to  the  solution  of  the 
problem.  The  present  prices  are  about  as 
follows :  Independent  peddlers  pay  33,  37, 
38  and  40  cents  per  8y2  quart  can.  Con¬ 
tractors’  prices  are  32,  33.  36  and  38  per 
8%  quart  can.  For  inspected  and  special 
milk  10  cents  per  can  more  is  received. 
Milk  retails  in  Boston  for  nine,  10  and  12 
cents  per  quart  for  common  quality ;  in 
local  towns  and  cities  seven,  eight  and  nine 
cents.  A-  E-  p- 

Ilopkinton,  Mass. 

Milk  Conditions  in  Rhode  Island. 

The  evils  of  the  middleman’s  tax  are 
of  course  not  confined  to  New  York.  They 
are  country-wide.  It  may  be  necessary  to 
have  commission  men.  The  wrong  is  in 
their  combining  to  control  prices.  The  par¬ 
ticular  grievance  in  our  neighborhood  is  the 
milk  question,  and  it  exists  in  the  neigh¬ 
borhood  of  all  large  cities.  I  recall  the 
legislative  investigation  into  the  New  Y'ork 
City  milk  supply  and  the  abuses  shown 
there.  The  milk  middlemen  in  Providence 
combine  in  an  association  called  the  “Poor 
Milk  Car  Association.”  They  fix  the  price 
to  the  farmer  for  his  milk,  he  having  no 
voice  whatever  in  saying  what  it  shall  be. 
Ilis  only  alternative  is  to  sell  at  the  price 
or  keep  his  milk.  Then  they  turn  to  the 
consumer  and  fix  the  price  to  him.  thus 
working  the  game  at  both  ends,  and  finally 
charter  a  car  of  the  N.  Y.  &  N.  II.  R.  R.  on 
which  no  other  milk  can  be  shipped  but 
theirs,  and  get  their  milk  into  Providence 
at  a  rate  much  less  than  any  individual 
can,  and  so  their  control  of  the  situation 
is  complete.  With  capital  and  business 
ability  the  farmers  could  organize  their 
own  distributive  agency  and  cut  the  middle¬ 
men  out.  They  lack  the  courage  to  do  that. 
If  they  combine  to  hold  their  milk  and  so 
force  prices  they  are  open  to  the  same 
criticism  as  the  “Association”  trust  meth¬ 
ods  !  G.  G.  P. 

Rhode  Island. 


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Spring  City  Cement  Post  Molds,  Colfax,  Iowa 


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R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Your  Best  Insurance 


against  accident  when  driv¬ 
ing  along  dark  roads  is  one 
of  our  famous  Rayo  Driving 
Lamps. 

Rayo  Driving  Lamps  will 
not  blow  or  Jar  out. 

They  are  smaller  than 
other  driving  lamps,  but 
have  a  magnifying  power 
that  throws  a  bright  light 
many  feet  ahead,  while  the 
extra  large  ruby  disc  in  the 
rear  is  readily  discernible  in 
any  weather. 

Rayo  Driving  Lamps  are  fur¬ 
nished  with  double  side  bracket 
attachments,  to  fit  square  or  round 
posts.  They  can  be  used  on  all 
kinds  of  vehicles. 

In  addition  to  Driving 
Lamps,  the  Rayo  line  in¬ 
cludes  lanterns  of  all  styles, 
sizes  and  finishes — each  the 
best  of  its  particular  kind. 

All  are  equipped  with  select¬ 
ed  Rayo  globes,  with  wicks 
inserted  in  burners  ready  to 
1  ight. 

Dealers  everywhere  ;  or 
write  for  descriptive  circular  to  any  agency 
of  the 

Standard  Oil  Company 

(Incorporated) 


$3  PACKAGE^ 

will  cure  any  case  or 
money  refunded. 

$1  PACKAGE 

cures  ordinary  cases. 
Postpaid  on  receipt  of  price. 
Agents  Wanted 

Write  for  descriptive  1 
booklet  4: 


MINERAL 
HEAVE 
REMEDY 


NEGLECT i 
Will  Ruin* 
YourHorse4 

Send  today  for 
only 

PERMANENT! 

CURE 

SAFE 
CERTAIN 


Mineral  Heave  Remedy  Co., 461  Fourth  Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa. 


Milk  Twice  The  Number 
Of  Cows  With  Half 
The  Help 

By  using 

The 

Sharpies  Mechanical  Milker 

Guaranteed  as  Represented 
or  Money  Refunded 

The  Only  Mechanical  Milker  Using 
The  Teat  Cup  With  The  Upward  Squeeze 

Write  for  Catalog  “  E  ” 

DAIRY  SPECIALTY  CO.,  Trust  Bldg.,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


074 


THE  RURAt  NEW-YORKER 


September  30, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 

Can  you  inform  me  as  to  tbe  standing 
of  the  ‘Hampton’s  Magazine,  also  the  Co¬ 
lumbian  Magazine  Publishing  Company, 
with  which  the  former  has  recently  con¬ 
solidated?  Would  stock  in  Hampton's  be 
worth  anything  without  transferring  to 
the  new  company?  c.  E.  T. 

Pennsylvania. 

If  you  want, to  find  out  what  the  value 
of  stock  in  either  of  these  companies  is 
worth,  try  to  sell  it.  Its  value  is  what  it 
will  exchange  for.  Another  test  would 
be  to  take  it  to  a  bank  and  see  what 
you  could  borrow  on  it  without  recourse. 
It  is  not  likely  that  any  bank  would 
accept  it  as  collateral  for  10  cents,  and 
if  you  find  a  purchaser  for  it  outside  of 
a  bank,  you  will  have  a  customer  with 
strong  speculative  bumps.  When  you 
get  through  with  your  test,  you  will 
probably  conclude  that  it  does  not  make 
much  difference  to  you  which  stock  you 
lmld.  and  you  will  probably  wish  you 
held  neither.  If  you  read  the  court  de¬ 
cree  in  the  Lewis  case  on  page  927, 
you  got  an  idea  of  the  endless  chain 
style  of  promoters  in  reorganizations 
and  transferring  one  company  into  an¬ 
other.  Each  transfer  increases  the  bur¬ 
den  of  stock,  and  affords  an  opportu¬ 
nity  to  appeal  for  more  cash.  Some 
promoters  find  the  work  of  exploiting 
stock  more  to  their  taste  and  experience 
than  publishing  magazines.  Of  late,  pub¬ 
lishing  enterprises  have  come  in  favor 
for  stock  jobbing.  Gold  mines  and 
patent-right  claims  seem  to  be  worked 
out,  and  the  stock  promoter  must  have 
something  to  take  its  place.  The  maga¬ 
zine  seems  to  fill  the  bill. 

Look  over  this  from  the  Work]  Home 
Supply  Co.,  of  New  York.  I  thiuk  the 
enclosed  looks  like  one  of  those  things  you 
are  keeping  an  eye  on  for  the  benefit  of 
our  people.  it.  n.  F. 

New  York. 

We  have  had  several  inquiries  about 
this  concern.  Representatives  are  ap¬ 
pointed  who  sell  certificates,  which  en¬ 
title  the  holders  to  purchase  goods 
through  the  clearing  house  of  the  World 
Home  Supply  Company  at  wholesale 
prices.  A  certificate  for  which  they 
charge  $10  gives  the  privilege  of  pur¬ 
chasing  goods  of  any  kind  (except 
liquor  or  tobacco)  at  any  time  during 
one  year  up  to  a  total  of  $500.  On  this 
amount  of  goods  a  written  guarantee  is 
given  to  save  purchasers  $50  at  least 
or  return  the  $10  paid  to  them.  The  ob¬ 
ject  is  to  get  orders  from  these  certif¬ 
icate  holders  to  come  into  New  York  in 
such  volume  that  the  company  is  able 
to  place  their  united  orders  with  manu¬ 
facturers  direct,  and  at  prices  as  low 
as  can  be  obtained  by  wholesalers  or 
jobbers.  They  act  as  purchasing  agents. 
A  preliminary  information  agreement  is 
sent  which  binds  the  representative  to 
keep  all  information  sent  him  absolutely 
confidential.  This  scheme  is  not  new.  It 
has  been  worked  many  times  before,  and 
in  our  experience  always  with  disaster 
to  the  purchaser.  Why  should  anyone 
pay  $10  or  10  cents  for  the  privilege  of 
buying  $500  worth  of  goods  from  any 
concern?  The  guarantee  sounds  good, 
but  is  worthless  in  practice.  Even  if  the 
proposition  is  made  in  good  faith,  which 
we  doubt,  from  their  own  statements 
they  are  in  no  position  to  offer  goods  of 
equal  quality  cheaper  than  houses  now 
open  to  you  without  a  certificate.  If 
the  principal  business  is  the  sale  of  $10 
certificates,  we  can’t  see  where  the  pur¬ 
chaser  is  to  get  the  value  of  his  money. 
You  can  buy  cheap  goods  anywhere  if 
you  have  the  money,  without  paying  for 
the  privilege  in  advance. 

I  admire  your  paper  as  it  stands  for  wliat 
is  right,  buf  you  are  fighting  against  fright¬ 
ful  odds,  and  tbe  American  people  seem 
to  need  a  stick  of  dynamite  "beneath  them 
to  raise  their  sense  of  duty  high  enough 
to  make  a  concerted  effort  in  the  combating 
of  apparently  irresistible  forces  in  the  shape 
of  moneyed  men  or  public  robbers. 

Connecticut.  r.  s.  t. 

The  people  do  not  rise  up  in  open 
revolt  at  a  wrong.  If  they  did,  they 
would  be  in  revolt  all  the  time;  but  the 
sentiment  of  honest  people  is  against 
rogues  and  crooks.  The  only  trouble  in 
fighting  them  openly  is  that  all  crooks 
fight  for  the  privilege  of  one,  and  some 
of  the  crooks  at  heart  wear  the  garb  of 
respectability,  and  help  the  rogues  more 
than  they  could  if  their  real  sentiments 
were  known.  All  honest  people  are 
against  the  swindlers,  jiut  do  not  have 


the  personal  incentive  to  get  out  and 
fight,  though  their  sentiment  and  in¬ 
fluence  are  on  the  right  side.  The  con¬ 
flict  between  honest  men  and  rogues  is 
not  new.  It  is  as  old  as  the  history  of 
the  human  race.  We  must  continue  to 
fight  dishonesty  to  keep  it  from  under¬ 
mining  the  stability  of  our  institutions 
and  the  morals  of  our  young  people. 

We  take  the  following  letter  from  the 
Financial  World  : 

Indianapolis,  Ind..  April  23,  1910. 
Mr.  Julius  Hawthorne, 

My  Dear  Sir : — I  have  for  some  weeks 
been  receiving  your  little  pamphlets — The 
Solomon  Story— I  read  enough  of  them  to 
be  satisfied  that  there  was  some  kind  of  a 
financial  scheme  behind  them  to  be  ad¬ 
vanced.  I  have  waited  for  its  disclosure. 
This  morning  I  received  it.  From  the  story 
I  expected  a  gambling  scheme  and  have  not 
been  mistaken. 

But  what  is  to  be  thought  of  a  man  of 
your  reputation  who.  with  the  adroitness 
of  an  accomplished  writer,  will  deliberately 
attempt  to  use  that  reputation  and  ability 
to  engender  in  the  minds  of  his  fellow- 
men  a  spirit  of  gambling  and  a  hope  that 
they  may  be  able  to  get  something  for 
nothing,  that  will  cause  them  to  invest 
their  money  in  a  way  that  you  and  your 
associates  may  profit  by  it. 

That  you  have  associated  with  you  law¬ 
yers.  doctors,  business  men  and  men  who 
are  entitled  to  be  addressed  as  Honorable, 
does  not  excuse  you. 

What  conception  have,  you  of  morals, 
what  is  your  estimation  of  your  fellows, 
when  you  thus  appeal  to  their  cupidity  on 
the  basis  that  Solomon  was' a  gambler’  and 
for  your  own  profit  hold  out  to  .them'  the 
hope*  that  they  may  gain  by  gambling?  , 
flavius  j.  vax  voimrs. 

It  will  be  reme.niber.ed.  that  Mr.  Haw¬ 
thorne  was  at  that  time  industriously 
exploiting  the  people  in  a  Canadian  Co¬ 
balt  mining  scheme.  No  doubt  the  name 
of  his  illustrious  father  helped  the  son 
in  the  sale  of  the  worthless  stock.  If 
he  had  an}r  latent  feelings  of  conscience, 
it  would  seem  that  a  letter  like  the 
above  would  stir  them  up.  But  we  have 
never  yet  known  a  promoter  to  mani¬ 
fest  any  very  delicate  sentiments  about 
other  people’s  money. 


M&ke  Your 
Fall  and 
Winter 
Dairying 
Profitable 

The  wasteful  losses  of  any  “gravity”  setting  system  or  poor  cream 
separator  are  always  greatest  when  the  milk  is  often  cool  or  the  cows  are 
old  in  lactation,  and  under  these  conditions,  with  butter  prices  highest,  the 
use  of  the  best  cream  separator  becomes  even  more  important  than  at  any 
other  season,  so  that  a 

DE  LAVAL 

Will  Save  Its  Cost  by  Spring: 

With  any  setting  system  you  are  wasting  at  least  a  quarter  of  your 
product  at  this  season,  with  cream  and  butter  values  highest,  while  the 
superiority  of  the  De  Laval  to  other  separators  is  always  greatest  under  the 
difficult  conditions  of  separation,  particularly  in  the  skimming  of  cool  milk. 

Why  delay  ;>your  purchase  of  a  De  Laval  until  another  Spring.  Put  it 
in  now-  and  let  it  save  its  own  cost  meanwhile.  And,  as  to  that,  you  may 
either  buy  for  cash  or  on  such  liberal  terms  that  the  machine  will  aqtually 
pay. for  itself. 

You  may  prove  all  this  by  test  to  your  own  satisfaction.  See  the  local 
De  Laval  agent  or  communicate  with  the  Company. 

The  De  Laval  Separator  Co. 

NEW  YORK  CHICAGO  SAN  FRANCISCO  SEATTLE 


THERE  IS  YET  TIME  TO  ORDER  A 


If  I  had  as  slick  a  pen  as  E.  G.  Lewis 
I  would  write  you  the  finest  compliment 
you  have  received  :  as  it  is  I  can  only  say 
that  I  appreciate  a  farm  paper  that  is  for 
the  farmer  "right  from  the  shoulder.” 

Missouri.  J.  N. 

We  like  this,  coming  from  the  State  of 
Missouri.  If  a  farm  paper  is  not  for  the 
farmer,  by  its  silence  at  least  it  gives 
comfort  and  encouragement  to  his  ene¬ 
mies. 

I  shipped  2.000  strawberry  plants  on 
May  2  by  Adams  Express  to  a  Pennsylvania 
man,  and  they  never  readied  him.  The 
express  company  refuses  to  pay  mo  for 
them.  They  were  valued  at  $6.50.  Could 
you  collect  it  for  me? 

The  Adams  Express  Company  have  paid 
me  the  $6.50  duo  me  on  the  nlants  which  I 
shipped  to  Pennsylvania.  Many  thanks  for 
the  help  in  getting  it.  b.  p. 

Maryland. 

This  was  a  clear  case  of  loss,  and  we 
insisted  on  the  full  value  for  the  shipper, 
and  got  it. 

July  30.  1909.  I  delivered  20  crates  and 
five  baskets  of  fancy  poaches  to  the  agent 
at  my  express  station,  and  only  25  crates 
wore  delivered  to  the  Chicago  commission 
house.  The  agent  neglected  to  bill  the 
shipment  out.  and  I  can  got  no  record 
from  him.  I  loaned  him  my  receipt  book 
to  straighten  out  his  records,  and  he  claims 
he  has  misplaced  it.  and  I  cannot  get  an 
adjustment.  Can  you  help  me  recover  for 
the  lost  baskets?  L.  J.  R. 

Illinois. 

We  did  work  enough  on  this  claim  to 
pay  for  a  carload  of  peaches,  but  the 
case  was  such  a  provoking  one  from  the 
shipper’s  standpoint  we  were  determined 
to  force  a  settlement  or  recommend  suit. 
They  refused  adjustment  because  the 
agent  had  not  *  recorded  the  shipment, 
just  as  if  the  shipper  were  responsible 
for  the  neglect  of  their  agent.  Finally 
they  got  to  the  point  of  offering  75  cents 
in  adjustment,  which  was  promptly  re¬ 
fused.  The  full  amount  of  the  claim 
was  finally  paid. 

I  am  sorry  to  bother  you  to  collect  an 
account  for  me  but  they  won’t  come  near 
me  to  settle.  On  May  9  an  engine  set  fire 
to  my  land  and  burnt  over  about  two  acres 
of  wood  aud  sprout  land,  and  we  put  It 
out  with  some  tools  and  water.  On  tbe 
next  day.  May  10.  they  again  set  fire  to 
sonic  land  and  burnt  over  20  acres  of  sprout 
and  wood  land  and  10  acres  of  mowing.  I 
notified  them  May  il.  hut  did  not  get  an 
answer;  wrote  them  .Tune  3  and  they  replied 
they  would  come  and  see  me  soon,  but  I 
have  not  seen  any  of  them  vet.  I  estimate 
the  damage  at  $200.  Please  do  what  you 
can  for  me.  The  claim  is  against  tbe  Boston 
and  Maine  Railroad.  a.  f.  d. 

New  Hampshire. 

After  following  this  matter  up  for 
some  months  the  railroad  offered  the 
small  sum  of  $50.  Our  subscriber  ac¬ 
cepted  it,  as  the  only  recourse  seemed 
to  be  a  suit  and  possibly  would  be  more 
expensive  in  the  end.  There  certainly 
should  be  a  ruling  whereby  railroads 
should  be  responsible  for  the  full  ex¬ 
tent  of  the  damage.  These  claims  are 
just  ones,  and  the  loss  is  considerable 
to  a  farmer. 


GREEN  MOUNTAIN  SILO 

CAN  NOW  SHIP  IN  48  HOURS  AFTER  RECEIVING  ORDER 

CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MFG.  CO.,  338  West  St.,  RUTLAND,  Vf. 


THE  UNADILLA  SILO 

Is  superior  to  any  other  offered. 
A  practical  Silo  for  a  sensible 
farmer.  Write  for  our 
“TWENTY-FIVE  REASONS” 
why  it  is  the  best. 

We  also  manufacture  Farm 
Water  Tubs  and  are  New  Eng¬ 
land  representatives  for  Papec 
Cutters  and  are  in  position  to 
quote  low  prices  upon  receipt  of 
inquiry.  Extra  discount  for 
early  orders.  Agents  wanted. 


THE  UNADILLA  SILO  CO.,  Inc.,  Box  B,  UNADILLA,  N.  Y. 


BEFORE  YOU  BUY  WRITE  FOR 
NEW  CATALOG  DESCRIBING  THE 
GUARANTEED  MONEY-SAVING 


INTERNATIONAL 

SILOS 


strongest  built,  simplest  to  put  up  aud  easiest  operated 
on  the  market.  Adjustable  automatic  take-up  hoop- 
continuous  open-door  front— air-tight  door  and  per¬ 
manent  ladder  are  some  of  the  unusual  features.  The 

Internationa!  Silo  Co.,  Bain  St..  Idneirllla. 

Licensed  under  Harder  I’atent  on  Round  Silos. 


95  and  Upward 

AMERICAN 


SEPARATOR 


FREE  TRIAL.  FULLY  GUARANTEED. 

Easy  running.  Easily  cleaned. 

_  _  Whether  dairy  is  large  or  small, 

obtain  our  handsome  free  catalog.  Address 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO.  bainbridS.y. 


FARMS  WANTED 

We  have  a  number  of  earnest  people  with  moder¬ 
ate  means  wishing  to  buy  good,  productive  farms 
costing  between  $2,000  and  $4,000,  with  or  without 
stock,  within  a  radius  of  200  miles  of  New  York 
City.  Ours  is  a  philanthropic  organization,  and  we 
make  no  charge  to  buyer  or  seller.  Rock  bottom 
prices  must  therefore  be  quoted.  Send  for  blank. 
THE  JEWISH  AGRICULTURAL  AND  INDUS¬ 
TRIAL  AID  SOCIETY,  177  Second  Ave.,  New  York. 


List  Your  FARM  FOR  $2,500 


Farm  with  II c  Sullivan  County,  New  York  State  Farm  in  good 
iuiiii  ii  i  hi  uo  state  of  cultivation,  well  fenced  and  watered ;  apple 
orchard,  maple  orchard,  small  fruit.  -Large  13-room 
house,  large  barn  and  wagon-house,  granary  and 
outbuildings.  One  mile  from  post  office,  stores 
and  State  road;  in  the  heart  of  the  popular  summer 
hoarding  section.  It  contains  about  130  acres:  to 
close  the  estate  it  will  be  sold  for  $2,500,  less  than 
the  cost  of  the  buildings.  It  has  been  used  as  a 
dairy  and  grain  farm;  creamery  one  mile.  Address 
FARM,  care  Rural  New-Yorker,  400  Pearl  St.,  N.Y. 


1911. 


Crops  and  Markets 

Wholesale  Prices  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  September  22,  1911. 


BUTTER 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 27  @  .27^ 

Good  to  Choice . 23  @  .26 

cower  Grades  . 18  @  .22 

State  Dairy,  best . 24  ®  .26* 

Common  to  Good . 15  @  .23 

Factory . 17  @  .20 

Packing  Stock . 16  @  .18 


Elgin,  111.,  butter  market  Arm  at  26  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  27^  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  28  cents. 


CHEESE 

Full  Cream,  best . 

Common  to  Good . 

Skims . . 

EGGS 

White,  good  to  choice . 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 

Common  to  Good . 

Western,  best . 

Under  grades . 

Checks  and  dirties . 

BEANS 

Marrow,  100  lbs . . . 

Medium ....  . 

Pea . 

Velio w  Eye . 

Red  Ktdney . 

WhiteKidney . 

Lima,  California . 

HOPS 

Prime  to  Choice . 

Common  to  Good . ; . 

Pacific  Coast . 

German  Crop,  new . 

DRIED  FRUITS 

Apples,  evap.,  choice,  1911 . 

Common  to  good . 

Sun  dried  ..." . 

Chops,  new . 

Cherries . 

Raspberries . 

FRE8H  FRUITS 

Apples,  Wealthy,  bbl . 

Alexander . 

Wolf  River  . 

Twenty  Ounce . 

Maiden  Blush . . 

McIntosh . 

Gravenstein . 

Duchess . 

Nyack . . . 

Greening . 

King .  . 

Hubbardston . . 

Fall  Pippin . 

Windfalls,  bbl . 

Crabapples,  bbl . 

Pears.  Seckel.  bbl . 

Flemish  Beauty,  bbl . 

Bartlett,  bbl . 

Anjou,  bbl . 

Bose,  bbl . 

Sheldon . 

KiefTer,  l^-bbl . 

Peaches,  Elberta.  bkt . 

Klberta,  carrier . 

Other  Yellow,  bkt . 

Western,  bu . 

Muskmelons,  Colorado,  crate . 

Idaho  and  Utah,  crate . 

Jersey,  bkt . 

Watermelons,  carload . 

Cranberries,  Cape  Cod,  bbl . 

Plums,  8-lb.  bkt . 

Grapes,  Concord.  18-lb.  case . 

Black,  1-lb.  bkt . 

Delaware  . . 

Niagara . 

Bulk,  ton . 

Figs,  qt . 

Citron,  bbl . 


@  13% 

@  .11 

,  .05 

@  .10 

@  .35 

@  .27 

@  .24 

@  .26 

@  .20 

.  .11 

®  .15 

®  5.00 

®  4.05 

@  4.15 

®  3.05 

®  5.70 

@  5.10 

®  6.65 

®  .55 

®  .50 

@  .42 

@  1.10 

.  .io^®  n% 

.08 

@  .10 

@  .08 

®  .02^ 

®  .19 

@  .31 

.  2.00 

@  2.75 

.  2.50 

®  3.50 

®  3.50 

.  1.75 

@  2.25 

.  1.50 

®  2.25 

.  2.00 

®  3.00 

.  2.00 

@  2  75 

.  2.00 

@  3.00 

1.50 

@  2.25 

1.25 

®  2.00 

.  2.25 

®  2.50 

.  1.50 

@  2.25 

@  2.50 

,  1 .00 

@  1.50 

2.00 

@  7.00 

2.50 

®  3.50 

1.50 

®  2.25 

2.25 

®  6.00 

1.75 

@  2.75 

2.00 

®  2.50 

@  3.00 

.30 

@  .55 

.40 

@  .75 

1.25 

®  1.75 

@  .70 

1.00 

®  1.50 

1.00 

@  2.00 

1.00 

@  1.50 

.  .25  @  .70 
.30.00  @100.00 
4.50  @  6.00 
,  .10  @  .30 

.  .40  @  .55 

.07  @  .08 
.  .08  @  .09 

.  .06  @  .07 
30.00  @60  00 
.  .06  @  .12 


.75  ®  1.00 


VEGETABLES 


Potatoes,  Jersey,  bbl .  2.00  ©  2.35 

Maine,  bag .  2.00  @  2.15 

Long  Island,  bbl . 2.25  @  2.50 

Sweet  Potatoes,  bbl . 2.00  @  3.00 

Beets.  100  bunches .  1.00  @  1.50 

Brussels  Sprouts,  qt . 06  @  .12 

Carrots,  bbl . 75  ®  1.25 

Cabbage,  Long  Island,  bbl . 50  @  1.00 

Cauliflowers,  L.  I.,  bbl .  1.25  @  3.00 

Sweet  Corn,  choice.  100 .  1.10  @  1.25 

Common  to  Good . 50  @1.00 

Cucumbers,  bbl . 50  @  1.50 

Pickles,  bbl . 75  @  1.25 

Celery,  Jersey,  bunch . 10  @  .30 

Lettuce,  hd-bbl.  bkt . 50  @1.25 

Peppers,  Jersey,  bbl . 50  @  1.00 

Okra.  Jersey,  HO-bu . 25  @  .30 

Onions,  State  and  Western,  100  lbs...  1.65  ®  1.85 

Orange  Co.,  bag .  1.75  @  2.25 

White,  bu .  1.00  @  1,50 

Conn.  Yellow,  1 00-1  b.  bag .  1.60  @  1.75 

Radishes.lOO  bunches . 75  ®  1.25 

String  Beans,  bu . S5  @  1.00 

Lima  Beans,  potato,  bu . 60  @  1.00 

Flat  kinds . 30  @  .60 

Spinach,  bbl . 75  @  1.25 

Squnsn.  Marrow,  bbl . 50  ®  .75 

Crook  Neck,  bbl . 75  @  1.00 

Turnips.  Rutabaga,  bbl . 65  @  .75 

White,  bbl .  ...1.00  @1.50 

Egg  Plants.  Jersey,  bbL . 60  @  .75 

Tomatoes,  Jersey,  box . 25  ®  .75 

Up-River,  bu . 30  @  .60 

NUTS 

Chestnuts,  bu .  4.00  ®  8.50 

Shellbarks.  per  60  lbs .  2.50  @  3.00 

LIVE  POULTRY 


Chickens,  Broilers,  lb . 14  @ 

Fowls . 14  ®  .15 

Roosters . 08  @  .09 

Ducks . 12  ©  .13 

Geese . 10  ®  .12 

Turkeys . 12  ®  ,13 

Guineas,  pair . 60  @  .75 

DRESSED  POULTRY 

Turkeys.  Spring,  best . 25  ®  .28 

Old  Common  to  Good . 12  @  .18 

Chickens,  choice  broilers,  lb .  21  ®  23 

Broilers,  common  tb  good . 18  ®  .20 

Fowls .  14  @  .17 

Spring  Ducks,  lb  . 16  @  .17 

Squabs,  doz .  1.00  @  3.50 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 

Calves,  prime,  lb . 13  @  .14 

Common  to  good . 10  @  ,12 

Buttermilks . 08  @  .09 


HAY  AND  STRAW 


Bay.  new  No.  1,  ton . 24.00  @  25.00 

No.  2 . 22.00  @  23.00 

No.  3 . 18.00  ®  20.00 


Clover  Mixed . . 16.00  ®  22  U0 


Clover . 15.00  ®  18.00 

Straw,  Rye . 14.00  ®  16.00 

Oat  and  Wheat .  8.00  ®  9.00 


LIVE  STOCK 


Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 5.00  @  7.60 

Bulls . 3.00  ®  4,40 

Cows  ..  .  1.75  @  4.75 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs .  7.00  @10.50 

Culls  . 5.00  ®  600 

Sheep,  100  lbs .  2.50  ©  4.00 

Lambs .  4.75  ®  6.50  * 

Hogs .  6.50  @7.65 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1.  Northern  Spring .  1.10  «  .. 

No.  2,  Red . 98  @ 

No.  2  Hard  Winter .  1.04  @ 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . .70  ®  .75 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 47  @  .49 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 88  ®  .90 

Barley,  choice .  1.16  ®  1.25 


THE  RURAL* 
MILL  FEED— Car  Lots 


Spring  Bran, ton .  24.40  ®  26.00 

Standard  Middlings .  28.00  ®  31.00 

Red  Dog .  31.00  @  32.00 

Hominy  Chop .  25.00  ®  26.70 

Linseed  Meal . 37.00  @  37.50 

Corn  Meal .  27.00  ®  28.00 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  11.15 

Middling  Gulf .  11.40 

New  Orleans.  Low  Middling .  10.60 

Good  Middling .  11.10 

WOOL 

NewYork  Fleeces,  Fine,  unwashed . 19  ®  .20 

Ohio  half  blood  combing . 26  ®  .2736 

Kentucky,  three-eighths  blood . 24  ®  .25 

Michigan,  half  blood . 24 J^@  .25 

TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadleaf-flller . 08  @  .10 

Fine  wrappers . 60  @  75 

N.  Y.  State  Fillers . 05  @  .06 

Fine  and  Selections . 12  ®  .16 

Ohio.  Zimmer's  Spanish . 19  @  .20 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 07 )^@  .09 

Dark  Leaf . 10  ffi  .20 

Bright  Cutters . 12  @  .30 

Penn,  broad  leaf  fillers . 10  @  .12 

CHICAGO 

Butter,  creamery . 22  @  .26 

Eggs,  good  to  prime  firsts . 15  @  18% 

Live  Turkeys.... . 10  @  .14 

Fowls . 12  @  VZ% 

Chickens . 12  @  .\2% 

Potatoes,  bbl . 2.00  @  2.75 

Apples,  obi . 1.50  @  2.50 

Sheep,  100  lbs  . 2.50  @  4.25 

Lambs,  100  lbs . 4.25  @  6.00 

Hogs . 6.80  @  7.75 

BUFFALO 

Butter,  creamery . 27  @  .28 

Eggs,  State . 20  @  .24 

Live  chickens . 14  @  .15 

Fowls . 13  @  .14 

Potatoes,  bbl . 2.25  @2  50 

Calves,  live,  100  lbs . 5.50  @10.00 

Sheep.  100  lbs . 1.50  @  4.00 

Lambs,  100  lbs . 4.00  @  6.65 

Hogs . 7.00  @  7.60 

Wheat,  No.  I  Spring . ®  1.06 

Corn . 70  @  .72 

Oats . 45  @  .48 


BOSTON  MARKET  PRICES. 

Beef,  the  leading  meat  in  point  of  con¬ 
sumption,  is  high,  selling  up  to  11%  cents 
for  whole  cattle  dressed.  The  retail  prices 
are  from  12  cents  per  pound  for  the  poor¬ 
est  cuts  and  stock  up  to  28  and  32  cents 
per  pound  for  the  choice  cuts.  Hindquar¬ 
ters  bring  14%  cents  at  wholesale  for  best 
stock.  Lamb  is  11%  and  mutton  eight  at 
wholesale.  Veal,  for  choice,  13  cents  per 
pound  wholesale.  Fresh  fancy  eggs  bring  30 
to  33  wholesale, 35  to  40  retail.  Fine  cream¬ 
ery  butter  wholesales  at  about  27  cents 
per  pound.  Poultry  is  in  good  demand  at 
14  and  15  cents  per  pound  live  weight. 
This  demand  will  continue  until  after  the 
Jewish  holidays,  which  begin  September 
23.  Hogs  are  slightly  lower  at  from  eight 
to  nine  cents  live  weight.  Recent  heavy 
frosts  will  shorten  the  supply  and  increase 
the  cost  of  tender  green  stuff,  which  has 
for  a  short  time  sold  a  little  slowly.  Corn 
is  at  bottom  prices,  from  25  to  35  cents 
per  box,  with  a  large  supply  in ;  the  con¬ 
sumer  pays  15  to  25  cents  a  dozen  for  it. 
Tomatoes  are  below  the  average  crop,  and 
prices  will  now  advance.  Present  price  is 
50-  cents#and  $1  per  box.  Peppers  are  sell¬ 
ing  at  from  50  to  75  cents  per  box.  Egg 
plant  brings  $1.25  to  $1.50  per  box  ;  cauli¬ 
flower,  $1  to  $1.25  per  box;  Lima  beans, 
$1.25  to  $1.50  per  box;  shell  beans,  50 
cents  to  75  cents  per  box ;  boots,  two  cents 
per  bunch  or  40  cents  per  box ;  carrots, 
90  cents  to  $1  per  box ;  cabbage,  75  cents 
to  $1  per  barrel :  marrow  squash,  75  cents 
to  $1.25  per  barrel;  turban  squash,  $1.25 
to  $1.50  per  box.  Onions  are  short,  both 
native  and  western,  bringing  good  prices ; 
Prizetakcrs  bring  as  high  as  $1.50  per 
bushel  in  Boston,  other  kinds  $1  to  $1.25; 
bag  onions,  $2.25  per  bag  of  two  bushels. 
Cucumbers  go  at  50  cents  to  $1.50,  and  $1 
to  $4  per  box  for  pickling.  Potatoes  are 
dropping  slightly,  and  bring  in  Boston  80 
to  90  cents,  wholesale.  These  net  the 
Maine  grower  55  to  60  cents  delivered  at 
local  station,  or  70  to  78  cents  delivered  in 
Boston.  Sweets  are  slightly  lower  also,  at 
$3.50  to  $3.75  per  barrel. 

Apples  in  Boston  are  plentiful  and  a 
little  slow,  but  prices  are  fair.  Good 
Grnvensteins  bring  $1.50  per  box;  McIn¬ 
tosh,  $1  per  box;  other  good  quality 
standard  kinds,  75  cents  to  $1  per  box, 
with  the  poor  grades  and  seconds  going  at 
from  40  to  75  cents  per  box.  Pears  are  in 
fair  supply  and  demand.  Bartletts  sell  at 
from  75  cents  to  $1.75  per  box.  Cooking 
pears  bring  50  to  75  cents.  Apples  in 
State  of  Maine  are  good  in  quantity  and 
quality  and  sell  at  $2  per  barrel  right  in 
orchard.  Local  apples  are  looking  better 
ns  the  Fall  rains  have  helped  quite  a  lot, 
but  the  crop  is  uneven.  The  harvest  will 
begin  at  once,  no  settled  price  on  Winter 
fruit.  Cranberries  not  heavy  crop,  not  ex¬ 
tra  good  in  quality  and  size.  The  recent 
frosts  got  one-half  to  two- thirds  of  erop 
of  many  bogs  which  were  not  flooded.  One 
grower  in  this  town  lost  about  600  bushels, 
and  others  lost  many.  too.  Peaches  are  in 
good  supply  and  bring  from  50  cents  to 
$1.50  per  basket.  These  are  very  good 
quality  and  size  in  most  cases.  a.  e.  p. 


My  busy  time  is  just  at  present ;  began 
grape  picking  two  weeks  ago  and  shall  be 
busy  for  a  month  more  at  least.  Eight- 
pound  Concords  are  worth  only  eight  cents 
at  the  car,  less  five  per  cent,  for  loading 
and  selling.  Baskets  and  picking  will  cost 
nearly  four  cents.  How  much  is  there  in  it 
for  us?  Immense  crop  all  through  this 
section.  o.  p.  s. 

Mattawan,  Mich. 

The  abundant  rain  has  started  up  fresh 
food  and  cows  seem  to  be  doing  well.  Fall 
work  is  well  in  hand.  Most  of  the  silos 
are  filled,  and  the  other  corn  in  the  shock. 
Not  much  Winter  grain  grown.  Apples 
quite  a  good  crop  for  this  section.  Pota¬ 
toes  nearly  a  failure.  n.  o.  d. 

Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Reports  from  North  Dakota  indicate  bet¬ 
ter  crops  than  wore  expected.  Spring 
wheat  is  no  longer  the  mainstay,  the  area 


NEW-YORKER 

jn  potatoes,  hay  and  barley  having  largely 
increased.  The  Dalryinple  farm,  in  Cass 
County,  has  this  year  4.000  acres  of  barley, 
which  averaged  40  bushels  per  acre.  At 
present  prices  in  Minneapolis,  the  crop  is 
wortli  $180,000.  Another  farmer  made 
$30,000  from  300  acres  of  potatoes,  and 
still  another  got  $970  for  Timothy  seed. 

I  am  sending  report  of  an  auction  sale 
near  here,  which  is  about  the  general  price 
of  stock  and  crops  in  this  section :  Cows 
avesage,  per  head,  $42;  there  were  11 
head ;  three  or  four  new  milk  this  Fall. 
Hay,  per  ton,  in  the  barn,  $18 ;  straw,  per 
ton.  about  $5 ;  good  corn,  standing  in  the 
field,  per  acre,  $20  ;  oats,  per  bushel,  42  to 
44  cents.  c_  M>  C- 

Ashville,  N.  Y. 

The  grape  harvest  in  the  Chautauqua 
section  of  New  York  is  actively  under  way. 
Brocton  has  already  shipped  100  cars,  but 
many  growers  in  Erie  County  are  delaying 
picking,  hoping  for  an  advance  in  prices. 
Thus  far  prices  are  running  low.  largely 
because  the  news  went  out  early  that  there 
was  an  immense  erop.  This  first  promise 
has  been  heavily  cut  by  insect  and  weather 
damage,  but  the  buyers  and  commission 
men  are  still  talking  big  crop,  and  those 
anxious  to  sell  now  must  take  the  prices 
offered.  Prices  for  early  varieties,  such  as 
Worden,  ran  froln  11  to  14  cents.  Con¬ 
cords  are  now  going  at  10  cents  or  under. 
Altogether  it  looks  as  though  the  season 
would  prove  decidedly  unprofitable  to  the 
growers,  though  better  things  may  develop 
later. 


BORDEN  MILK  PRICES. 

Below  are  the  prices  per  100  pounds  of¬ 
fered  for  milk  by  the  Borden  Company  dur¬ 
ing  the  coming  six  months,  with  compari¬ 
son  of  last  year’s  prices  : 


26-CENT  ZONE. 

„  *  u  1011  1910 

October  . 1.85  1.95 

November  . 2.00  2^05 

December  . 2.00  2  10 

January  . 1.95  2.10 

February  . 1 .90  2  05 

March  . 1.75.  1.85 

32-CENT  ZONE. 

^  .  1911  1910 

October  . 1.75  1.90 

November  . 1.80  1.95 

December  . 1.90  2  00 

January  . 1.90  2.00 

February  . 1.75  1.95 

March  . 1.65  1.75 


HAY  CROP. 

Because  of  the  drought  and  excessive 
heat  the  1911  hay  yield  is  the  smallest  for 
several  years.  The  area  was  about  five  per 
cent  less  than  the  previous  year,  or  43,- 
017.000  acres,  and  the  yield  figures  about 
46.890.000  tons,  nearly  17.000.000  tons  less 
than  last  year.  In  quality  the  crop  runs 
about  one  per  cent  under  the  average. 

As  usual.  New  York  led  all  other  States 
in  quantity  of  hay  produced,  4,855.000  tons. 
This  was  about  1.500.000  tons  less  than  in 
1910.  Other  States  in  order  of  production 
were:  Pennsylvania,  3,148.000  tons;  Michi¬ 
gan.  2,724.000;  Iowa.  2,560.000:  Wiscon¬ 
sin.  2.490.000  :  Ohio,  2,430,000.  The  above 
were  all  the  States  producing  upwards  of 
2.000,000  tons.  Next  came  Illinois.  1.900,- 
000;  Indiana,  1.735.000;  Idaho.  1,575,000; 
Maine,  1,540.000;  Missouri,  1.458.000;  Col¬ 
orado,  1.414,000;  Kansas,  1,320.000;  Ver¬ 
mont,  1,256,000:  Montana,  1.224.000:  Cali¬ 
fornia,  1,190,000,  and  Nebraska,  1.148.000. 
The  States  falling  below  1.000.000  tons 
were  mainly  small  States  or  those  that 
make  no  specialty  of  hay.  Some  of  these 
follow :  Utah,  Washington  and  Oregon,  up¬ 
wards  of  920.000  tons;  Nevada.  864,000; 
Wyoming,  693,000 :  New  Hampshire.  672,- 
000;  Oklahoma.  640,000:  Massachusetts, 
631,000;  Texas,  606,000;  Now  Mexico.  575,- 
000;  Connecticut,  514,000;  New  Jersey, 
449,000 ;  West  Virgiuia,  428.000,  and  Ten¬ 
nessee,  400,000. 

In  Canada  the  total  crop  of  liny  will  bo 
about  12,189,000  tons.  Quebec  leads  with 
5.028.000  tons;  Ontario,  4,736.000,  and 
Nova  Scotia,  941,000. 


KANSAS  FRUIT  CROP. 

The  outlook  for  the  whole  State  is  as 
follows :  Apples,  24  per  cent,  of  normal 

crop ;  pear,  27 :  peaches,  10 ;  grapes,  49. 
These  are  much  under  last  year’s  figures, 
which  were :  Apples,  62 ;  pears,  42 ; 
peaches,  57 :  grapes,  53.  The  crops,  by 
districts,  follow  : 

First  District —  Atchison,  Brown,  Doni¬ 
phan,  Jackson.  Jefferson,  Leavenworth,  Ne¬ 
maha  and  Shawnee  Counties:  Apples,  23 
per  cent. ;  pears.  33 ;  peaches,  1 0  ;  grapes. 
68. 

Second  District — Allen,  Anderson,  Bour¬ 
bon,  Douglass.  Franklin,  Johnson,  Linn, 
Miami  and  Wyandotte  Counties :  Apples, 
25  per  cent. ;  pears,  30 ;  peaches,  22 ; 
grapes,  59. 

Third  District — Chautauqua,  Cherokee, 
Cowley,  Crawford,  Elk,  Labette,  Montgom¬ 
ery,  Neosho  and  Wilson  Counties :  Apples, 
22  per  cent ;  pears,  30 ;  peaches,  31 ; 
grapes,  62. 

Fourth  District — Chase,  Coffey,  Green¬ 
wood,  Lyon,  Marion,  Morris.  Osage.  Potta- 
wattomie,  Wabaunsee  and  Woodson  Coun¬ 
ties  :  Apples,  24  per  cent ;  pears,  22 ; 
peaches,  23 ;  grapes,  43. 

Fifth  District — Clay,  Cloud.  Dickinson, 
Geary,  Marshall.  Ottawa.  Republic,  Riley, 
Saline  and  Washington  Counties :  Apples, 
22  per  cent. ;  pear,  18 ;  peaches,  1  ;  grapes. 
33. 

Sixth  District — All  counties  north  and 
west  of  Ellsworth  County  :  Apples.  26  per 
cent.;  pears,  19;  peaches,  2;  grapes,  21. 

Seventh  District — All  counties  south  and 
west  of  Rice  County  :  Apples,  36  per  cent. ; 
pears,  29 ;  peaches,  3 ;  grapes,  39. 

Eighth  District — Butler.  Harvey,  Mc¬ 
Pherson,  Sedgwick  and  Sumner  Counties : 
Apples,  14  per  cent.  ;  pears,  24 ;  peaches, 
6 ;  grapes,  42. 


Boons  Catalpa. — The  1900  seed  crop  of 
Catalpa  speclosa  was  destroyed  by  frost., 
and  there  has  been  extensive  substitutes  of 
the  common  Catalpa  bignonioides.  which  is 
worthless  for  timber.  Those  buying  young 
trees  or  seeds  should  be  specially  careful 
to  get  only  from  reliable  concerns. 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New  Yorker,  September  30,- 
1911. 

FARM  TOPICS. 

Those  “Graduate”  Confessions  and  Prop¬ 


ositions  .  959 

A  Problem  of  Farm  Drainage .  959 

Plowing  Under  Pea  Vines .  960 

New  Farming  a  New  Trade.. .  961 

Hope  Farm  Notes .  964 


LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

Feeding  Shod  for  Stock .  958 

Patching  Up  a  Silo .  971 

Cold  Storage  Legislation .  971 

That  Awful  Small  Bay . „  972 

The  Business  Hen  in  Panama . .  972 

Egg  Profits  .  970 

A  Henhouse  Plan  .  972 

Cornish  Indian  Game .  972 

An  Engineer  and  His  Hens .  972 

Controlling  the  Price  of  Milk . ’  973 

Milk  Notes  . 972 

The  Massachusetts  Situation  ........  973 

Milk  Conditions  in  Rhode  Island .  973 

HORTICULTURE. 

The  Fruit  Business .  938 

State  Planting  of  Roadside  Trees....  959 

A  Mounted  Ladder  .  959 

Fertilizer  for  Orchard . boo 

Mulch  for  Strawberries  .  960 

Apple  Prices  . ‘  999 

Keeping  Greenings  and  Baldwins.  . .  .  .  .  961 
Fruit  and  Farm  Machinery  at  New  York 

State  Fair  .  pgj 

The  Apple  Harvest  .  9(52 

Do  Not  Transplant  Asparagus .  962 

Tree  Cricket  Girdles  Grapes .  962 

Slow  Growth  of  Wealthy  Apple .  962 

Fruit  for  Central  New  Jersey .  965 

The  Scrub  Cow . Yyjo 

Poultry  at  the  N.  Y.  State  Fair . !  970 

Tumor  .  970 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day .  q«o 

Tomato  Chutney  . 968 

The  Rural  Patterns  . 968 

More  About  Fleas  .  . 

Jelly  Roll  . 969 

Canning  Swiss  Chard  . 999 

Oil  Stove  Experience  Wanted _ !!  969 

Concerning  Ants  .  999 

Appie  Sauce  Cake  ;  Soft  Molasses  Cake  069 
Fall-Planted  Bulbs  .  999 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Building  a  Cement  Bridge . 937  958 

Smith,  the  Soap  Swindler .  953 

Sale  of  Foreign  Produce .  obo 

Publisher’s  Desk  . . . ! . ! ! '  b'74 


Straw  in  the  Garden.— I  don’t  know 
that  I  have  seen  anything  in  The  R  N  -Y 
in  regard  to  banking  celery  plants  with 
straw.  I  treated  about  1.000  plants  last 
year  in  this  manner  and  it  was  the  finest 
eeJery  I  ever  raised.  Anyone  who  has  a 
little  straw,  by  sotting  the  plants  12  or  14 
inches  apart  and  putting  straw  on  outside 
of  rows  and  in  between  the  rows,  if  they 
wish,  as  straw  keeps  the  soil  moist,  can 
raise  very  fine  celery  in  this  way  ;  no  rust. 
I  also  use  it  to  put  around  my  tomato 
plants  after  the  last  hoeing,  as  it  keeps 
the  weeds  down,  the  ground  moist,  and 
makes  a  nice  place  for  the  tomatoes  to  lie 
on.  They  don’t  rot.  m.  r. 


HHIIILU  be  A1  butter  maker.  Wages  $30  per 
month  ami  hoard.  Best  of  reference  required.  Ad- 

dress  David  Wallace,  Siipt.  Rumsonhill  Farm,  Fairhaven.M.JS 

W4NTFn~Market  for  Fancy  Christmas  Trees  by 
nn  l  LU  carload.  D.  R.  Wood,  Morrisville,  Vt. 


EARLY  CHESTNUTS  &  SHELLBARKS 

wanted.  Win.  II.  Colien  tfc  Co.,  ContmlHiiIoii  Mer¬ 
chant*.  -  -  -  229  Wafthlngton  8t.,  New  York. 


CHESTNUTS  AND  HICKORY  NUTS 

Please  send  to  E.  B.  Woodward,  302  Greenwich  St.,  N.  Y. 


Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELUFFE,  WRIGHT  8  CO.,  Com¬ 
mission  Merchants,  ‘.’84  Washington  St.,  New  York. 


Highest  prices  guaranteed  for  White  or  Brown 
Leghorns  or  mixed  eggs.  Also  high  grade  butter. 
Write  ns  for  information.  A  trial  will  convince  you 
of  our  ability  to  obtain  extreme  prices.  Address 

JOHNSTONE  6  COUGHLAN, 

172  Duane  Street  :  :  New  York 


Boston  Produce  Co. 


Commission  Merchants. 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.,  -  Boston. 


JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY. 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 


GEO.  P.  HAMMOND.  EST.  1875.  FRANK  W.  GODWIN 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  CO., 

2SE 

lies  Buttei,  Eggs,  t  lieese,  Poultry.  Mushrooms 
ami  Hot-house  Products  a  Specialty.  Consignments 
solicited.  34  As  3G  Little  lath  St..  New  York- 


DL1CASK  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com- 
1  mission  House  in  New  York.  Kst.  1838.  Butter. 
Bggs,  Poultry.  Pork.  Calves.  Bay,  Grain.  Beans 
Apples,  etc.  K.  II.  WOOIIIYAIIII,  3I)‘4  Ureeunioli  St.,  X.Y. 


SHIP  YOUR  CALVES  AND  POULTRY 

- TO - 

GEO.  OLIVER  &  COMPANY 

Established  1850 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 
WEST  WASHINGTON  MARKET,  -;-  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 
PROMPT  RETURNS 


Apples — Peaches 

and  all  Fruits  and  Vegetables,  Fancy 
Eggs;  Hothouse  Products.  Top  prices 
secured  for  choice  products. 

Archdeacon  &  Co.,  100  Murray  St.,  New  York 


f’H  Save  Your  She > 
I'll  Save  Your  Hog 
Pit  Save  Your  Feet 
I  PROVE  it  Before  You 


I  fc<l  “Sal-Vet”  to  one  ol  my  colts  which 
svas  out  of  sorts.  I  did  not  know  what 
Wis  the  matter  with  her,  as  I  had  fed 
worm  powders  several  times,  without  rc: 

enlts. 

I  gave  her  a  dose  of  “Sal-Vet”  in  the 
morning,  one  at  noon  and  a  larger  one  at 
®ight.  I  went  out  in  the  morning  and 
found  her  stretched  out  at  full  length.  I 
made  her  get  up,  and  such  an  immense 


quantity  of  worms  I  never  saw  come  from 
any  one  animal.  She  commenced  to  pick 
up  at  once,  and  you  would  hardly  believe 
that  there  could  be  such  an  improvement 
in  a  colt  in  so  short  a  time. 

When  I  fed  her  the  first  dose  of  “Sal- 
Vet”  she  was  poor  and  scrawny  and  weighed 
only  375  pounds,  and  now.  only  two  weeks 
later,  she  weighs  702  pounds,  and  instead 
of  having  to  drag  her  out  to  the  water 


trough  as  formerly,  I  can  now  scarcely 
hold  her  back.  (Signed)  B.  Frank  Stamp, 

Horseheads,  N.  Y. 

“I  am  well  satisfied  with  ‘Sal- Vet.’  I 
have  been  feeding  it  to  a  bunch  of  hogs 
and  I  never  had  any  hogs  do  better.  They 
are  in  fine,  healthy  condition  and  I  recom¬ 
mend  ‘Sal-Vet’  as  absolutely  all  right.” 

(Signed )  John  Schuster, 

It.  D.  No.  15,  Fayette,  O. 


Jackson  Center,  l’a. 
“My  sheep  have  had  access  to  ‘Sal- Vet’ 
this  winter  and  consequently  have  done  a 
great  deal  better  than  usual.” 

(Signed)  Samuel  I.  Thaver, 

R.  D.  No.  2,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. 

(Mr.  Thayer  is  member  of  the  Board  of 
County  Supervisors.) 


)on’t  stand  by  and  let  your  lambs  and  sheep  die  off 
Don’t  let  your  hogs  be  eaten  up  alive — contract 
.diseases  and  die. 

> Don’t  let  your  cattle  and  horses  continue  to  look  as 
rif  fed  on  straw — thin,  scrawny,  shaggy,  dull — though 
you’re  feeding  them  well. 

»'»  The  trouble  is  they  are  full  of  worms — full  of  parasites 
"that  are  sapping  their  lives  away — killing  them — eating  up  your  profits, 
"while  you  are  standing  by,  and  wondering  what’s  the  matter.  ^ 

Stop  it — stop  it  quick.  It’s  costing  you  a  lot  of  money.  I  will  do  it,  and 
prove  it  before  you  pay  me  a  cent.  All  I  ask  is  a  chance  to  show  you  how 


miAOC.  MARK 


pat.  ©r* 


The  Great  Worm  Destroyer  and  Conditioner 

will  quickly  stop  your  losses — how  it  will  straighten  up  your  sick  lambs,  sheep, 
hogs  and  other  live  stock — how  it  will  rid  them  of  all  stomach  and  intestinal 
worms  and  parasitic  infection — how  it  will  put  life  and  vim  into  the  blood — aid  ^ 
digestion  and  stimulate  the  appetite— help  them  to  get  more  good  out  of  their  feed 
in  less  time.  You’ll  marvel  at  the  change  Sal-Vet  will  make. 

Read  what  these  well  known  men  say  about  their  experience  with  Sal- Vet: 


From  the  President  of  the  American 
Shropshire  Association 
**We  have  used  ‘Sal-Vet’  as  a  preventive  of 
worms  in  our  flock  of  sheep,  and  have  great  faith 
in  it.  We  keep  it  before  them  all  the  time,  both 
when  at  pasture  and  in  the  barn. 

“The  sheep  like  it  and  we  can  truthfully  say 
that  our  sheep  are  free  from  worms  although 
we  have  run  sheep  in  our  pasture  quite  thickly 
for  the  past  fifteen  years.” 

HENRY  L.  WARDWELL, 

Springfield  Centre,  N.  Y. 


From  Dr.  C.  D.  Smead,  an  Eminent 
Authority  on  Veterinary  Questions 

“I  hat/e  given  ‘Sal-Vet’  a  good  trial  and 
passed  cjme  cf  it  along  to  my  friends.  I 
find  it  £  11s  the  bill,  and  do  not  hesitate  to 
recommend  its  use  to  all  live  stock  owners 
as  being  a  most  worthy  compound.  In  my 
judgment  if  farmers  were  to  depend  upon 
it  and  keep  it  before  their  stock  all  the 
time  the  intestinal  worm  problem  would 
be  solved.” 

C.  D.  SMEAD,  V.  S. 


TBit'S 

How  ‘Sal-Vet’  Puts  Hoes  In  Prime  Condition 

“i  never  invested  any  money  from  which  I  derived  80 
much  benefit  as  I  did  from  the  money  paid  for  ‘Sal-Vet.* 
“I  fed  it  to  a  bunch  of  seventeen  hogs.  It  cleaned  out  the 
worms  and  1  never  had  as  good  hogs  as  these.  They  aver¬ 
aged  210  pounds  apiece  at  a  little  over  four  months  old.” 

H.  W.  URY,  R.  D  No.  1,  Evansport,  O. 


Sal-Vet  is  a  medicated  salt,  containing  seven  medicinal  elements  which  act  like  magic.  It  speedily  gets  rid  of  the  cause  of  disease 
and  death  losses — WORMS — kills  and  expels  them — then  it  puts  the  stomach  and  digestive  organs  in  the  pink  of  condition.  Put 
Sal-Vet  where  your  stock  can  get  it  at  all  times — they* ll doctor  themselves — and  you  will  be  astonished  at  the  results,  and 
,  the  cost  is  so  small.  Only  one-twelfth  cent  a  day  for  each  sheep  or  hog. 


Av 
Wo; 


a  \  V*  A* 

\  \ 

%  \  \ 


Now  Read  My  Personal  Guarantee  Offer  to  You 


I  have  such  confidence  in  Sal-Vet  that  I  want  every  farmer  who  has 
sheep,  hogs  and  other  stock  to  try  it  at  my  risk.  I  know  it  will  rid 
animals  of  worms  and  work  wonderful  results  in  putting 
condition.  So  I  am  going  to  send  you  enough 

„  _  _ _  „  „  feed  your  stock  60  days  and  if  it  doesn’t  do  all  I 

V  *  A  1 


0|Vi%C‘0'Vfc  your  animals  of  w 
them  in  tip-top 
\  V\  Sal- Vet  to  fee 


claim  for  it,  then  you  need  not  pay  me  anything.  Not  one  penny. 
Now  fill  out  the  coupon,  telling  how  many  head  of  stock  you  are 
feeding  and  I’ll  send  the  Sal-Vet  quickly  so  you  will  have  no  more 
losses  from  worms.  A  day’s  delay  may  lose  you  a  valuable  animal. 
So  send  now  while  the  coupon  is  handy. 


SIDNEY  R .  FEIL,  President,  The  S.  R •  Fell  Company 

Never  sold  in  bulk,  except  in  Sal  -Vet  packages.  No  orders  filled  for  less  than  40  lbs.  Bt'oi  5t*l\l  V  pi  ri/ri  giyn  num 

Prices:  40  lbs..  $2.25;  100  lbs.,  $5.00;  200  lbs.,  $0.00;  300  lbs.,  $13.00;  500  lbs.,  $21.12.  H  *  *  ’ 


V 


Voi..  LXX.  No.  4119. 


NEW  YORK,  OCTOBER  7,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR. 


CO-OPERATION  AMONG  FARMERS. 
America  the  Field  for  It. 

MACHINERY  MAKES  CO-OPERATION  NEC¬ 
ESSARY. — Cooperation  or  working  together  has  been 
the  most  striking  development  in  the  last  SO  years.  It 
was  made  possible  by  the  development  of  machinery; 
not  only  made  possible  but  made  necessary.  One  in¬ 
dividual  alone  could  not  run  a  railroad  nor  own  it, 
nor  could  one  person  run  a  factory  or  a  telegraph 
line.  To  make  use  of  steam  in  transportation  and 
manufacture  the  company  developed,  then  the  corpo¬ 
ration  or  a  body  of  men  working  together  for  their 
mutual  benefit.  Industries  that  could  be  readily 
worked  up  by  the  corporation,  as  mining,  manufac¬ 
turing,  transportation  and  merchandising,  have  made 
rapid  progress.  The  necessary  experts  could  be  en¬ 
gaged,  the  size  of  the 
business  being  such 
that  a  little  saving 
would  mean  more  than 
the  expert’s  salary.  In 
a  small  business  this 
would  not  have  been  the 
case.  In  this  way  all 
parts  of  the  business 
from  the  management 
of  the  laborer  to  the 
selling  of  the  product 
have  been  carried  on  in 
the  most  progressive 
way. 

WHY  FARMERS 
DID  NOT  CO-OPER¬ 
ATE. — The  greatest  in¬ 
dustry  of  all,  the  farm, 
did  not  lend  itself  to  be¬ 
ing  worked  by  the  corpo¬ 
ration.  Being  worked 
on  the  small  scale,  there 
was  not  the  same  incen¬ 
tive  to  bring  in  the  best 
methods.  In  fact  many 
thought  that  they  knew 
it  all  even  if  they  had 
not  been  on  a  farm. 

That  is  in  a  measure 
changing  now,  as  the 
price  of  products  and 
land  is  higher,  and  as  the 
soil  is  less  productive. 

The  National  Govern¬ 
ment  has  in  a  measure 
supplied  the  farmer  with 
experts  in  the  staff  of  the  experiment  stations.  This 
has  gone  a  good  way  to  helping  the  farmers,  but 
has  by  no  means  solved  the  problem.  When  the 
manufacturer  wants  expert  service  he  does  not  mere¬ 
ly  send  for  a  report  of  the  expert.  He  actually  wants 
him  on  the  job,  and  that  is  even  more  true  in  farm¬ 
ing,  as  each  individual  farm  has  its  differences  in 
soil,  in  contour  and  in  previous  management.  Den¬ 
mark  solved  the  problem  by  detailing  an  expert  to 
a  certain  territory,  who  went  from  farm  to  farm, 
giving  personal  advice  and  instruction  in  regard  to 
producing  and  marketing.  The  result  has  been  that 
in  30  years  Denmark  has  risen  from  a  country  un¬ 
known  to  the  agricultural  world  to  the  front  rank 
for  quantity  and  quality  of  its  agricultural  products. 
America  is  pre-eminently  the  land  of  cooperation, 
only  it  has  not  extended  to  the  farms.  The  work 
on  the  farm  is  done  in  a  more  crude  way  than  in  any 
of  the  other  industries,  the  impression  being  that 


anyone  can  farm.  So  our  young  man  starts  out,  gets 
land  cheap,  full  of  its  virgin  fertility,  raises  crops, 
gets  what  he  can  for  them,  and  if  the  income  is  no.t 
sufficient,  why  economize  down  to  it,  longer  hours 
of  work,  fewer  necessities  and  luxuries. 

WITAT  CAN  BE  DONE. — The  problem  can  be 
tackled  from  two  standpoints,  production  and  mar¬ 
keting,  or  both  together.  A  good  example  of  the 
former  is  at  New  Salem,  N.  Dak.  The  U.  S.  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture  wanted  to  start  a  breeding  cir¬ 
cuit  with  the  aim  of  developing  a  strain  of  dairy 
cattle  that  would  be  better  adapted  to  Northwestern 
conditions  than  those  in  existence.  So  cooperating 
with  the  North  Dakota  Experiment  Station  New 
Salem  was  selected.  Some  of  the  farmers  had  Hol- 
steins  and  others  bought  them,  till  there  were  15 
farmers  keeping  Holsteins.  They  organized  the 


North  Dakota  Holstein  Breeders’  Circuit.  The  U. 
S.  Department  of  Agriculture  and  the  North  Dakota 
Experiment  Station  together  hired  a  well-trained  man 
to  go  from  farm  to  farm  training  the  farmers  in 
keeping  records  and  instructing  them  in  the  feeding, 
breeding  and  care  of  their  stock.  In  three  years  this 
has  become  one  of  the  most  progressive  and  well-to- 
do  communities  in  the  State.  Last  year,  1910,  when 
the  drought  took  all  the  crops,  these  New  Salem 
farmers  did  not  notice  much  difference  in  their  cream 
checks.  Thii  year  eight  of  these  15  farmers  put  up 
silos,  a  larger  number  than  is  to  be  found  in  any  other 
locality  in  the  State.  They  also  secured  the  silos  at 
a  much  lower  price  and  saved  in  freight. 

OWNERSHIP  OF  MACHINERY.— At  Ruso,  N. 
Dak.,  10  farmers  own  a  traction  engine  and  thrash¬ 
ing  outfit.  They  not  only  do  their  own  thrashing,  but 
have  an  engine  gang  plow,  so  that  when  the  engine 
is  not  in  use  running  the  separator  it  is  used  for 


plowing  or  other  heavy  farm  work.  These  farmers 
also  buy  their  farm  machinery  together  and  effect 
quite  a  saving  in  this  way.  There  are  over  200  far¬ 
mers’  elevators  in  the  State  working  on  two  plans. 
The  Equity  Elevators  pay  a  certain  per  cent  on  the 
stock  and  the  other  profits  are  pro  rated  among  those 
who  bring  grain.  The  other  plan  is  that  the  stock¬ 
holders  take  all  the  profits.  Stores  are  also  operated 
on  these  two  plans.  In  those  run  on  the  equity  plan 
the  stockholders  get  a  certain  per  cent  on  the  stock 
they  hold,  the  rest  of  the  profits  are  pro  rated  among 
the  patrons  of  the  store.  Then  there  are  telephone 
lines,  insurance  companies  and  creameries  that  are 
owned  and  run  by  farmers’  cooperations,  but  essen¬ 
tially  on  the  plans  outlined  above.  These  different 
ways  of  cooperating  can  be  combined  in  one  com¬ 
munity  or  worked  separately.  The  necessity  of  the 

expert  is  very  evident. 
The  National  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture 
has  been  working  along 
this  line  in  the  South, 
and  plans  on  working  in 
the  North,  too.  Their 
agent,  however,  will  have 
too  large  a  territory,  so 
that  the  State  will  need 
to  make  some  provision 
along  this  line.  The  far¬ 
mer  should  perhaps 
make  some  payment,  too, 
toward  the  expenses  of 
the  expert. 

THE  CO-OPERA¬ 
TIVE  OWNERSHIP 
OF  MACHINERY  is 
going  to  be  an  important 
feature  in  the  future. 
Much  of  the  heavy  farm 
work  can  be  done  cheaper 
with  a  power  tractor 
than  with  horses,  yet  the 
size  o£  the  farm  will 
likely  not  be  large 
enough  to  warrant  the 
use  of  a  power  tractor 
on  just  one  farm.  One 
automobile  could  like¬ 
wise  do  service  for  sev¬ 
eral  farms.  Then  who 
knows  what  improve¬ 
ments  in  machinery  the 
future  has  in  store? 
They  will  likely  be  of 
such  size  as  to  be  most  economical  on  the  large  tract 
of  land.  The  cooperative  selling  and  buying  when, 
done  on  the  Rockdale  or  Equity  plan,  the  patron  shar¬ 
ing  the  profits  pro  rata,  gives  the  farmer  the  profits 
that  would  otherwise  go  to  middlemen. 

THE  DIFFICULTIES. — Nothing  has  been  said 
about  the  tremendous  difficulties  to  be  overcome ;  the 
prejudices,  the  jealousies,  the  distrust  of  neighbors. 
These  will  yield  slowly,  but  they  must  be  controlled. 
The  man  who  cannot  work  with  his  neighbor  has  not 
much  chance  in  the  business  world,  nor  will  he  in 
farming  in  the  near  future.  Education,  papers,  tele¬ 
phones,  good  roads,  railroads,  trolley  lines  and  the 
auto,  in  bringing  us  into  closer  contact  with  our  neigh¬ 
bors,  are  paving  the  way  for  cooperation  in  the  produc¬ 
tion  and  marketing  of  farm  crops.  Each  locality  has 
its  own  problems,  which  can  only  be  solved  by  those 
immediately  concerned,  who  know  the  difficulties  in  the 
way.  w.  c.  PALMER. 

North  Dakota. 


©78 

PLANTING  A  PENNSYLVANIA  ORCHARD. 

Below  is  a  list  of  apple  trees  to  be  planted  next  Spring 
in  Allegheny  County.  Kindly  advise  the  writer  as  to 
the  proper  distance  the  trees  should  be  apart,  and 
whether  or  not  it  would  be  desirable  to  plant  peach 
trees  between  the  apple  trees.  List  of  trees :  Yellow 
Transparent,  25  trees ;  Sweet  Bough,  5 ;  Duchess  of 
Oldenburg,  25 ;  Maiden  Blush,  25 ;  Wealthy,  25 ;  Stark, 
50;  Grimes  Golden,  50;  Jonathan,  70;  Gano,  50;  York 
Imperial,  50;  Stayn.an  Winesap,  70;  Baldwin,  50;  Kambo, 
5 ;  total,  500.  w.  v. 

Pittsburg,  Pa. 

If  I  were  to  plant  the  above  mentioned  trees  in  Alle¬ 
gheny  County  I  should  divide  them  into  two  classes. 
First,  the  larger  growing,  slower  maturing  varieties, 
which  I  should  consider  as  permanent  trees,  and 


PLAN  FOR  ORCHARD  PLANTING.  Fig.  38(1. 


which  I  should  plant  40  feet  apart  each  way;  second, 
the  quicker  maturing,  smaller  growing  varieties,  which 
1  should  consider  as  semi-permanent  trees,  to  be  cut 
when  the  permanent  trees  needed  the  room.  These  I 
should  plant  in  the  center  of  each  square  formed  by 
four  permanent  trees.  ’(See  diagram.)  In  reality 
the  rows  would  be  20  feet  apart  each  way,  but  the 
trees,  since  they  alternate,  will  be  a  little  more  than 
28  feet  apart  the  nearest  way. 

In  the  first  class  I  would  place  the  Maiden  Blush, 
Stark,  Jonathan,  Gano,  York  Imperial,  Stayman 
Winesap,  Baldwin  and  Rambo.  This  would  make  370 
trees,  which,  at  40  feet  each  way,  would  require  be¬ 
tween  13  and  14  acres.  Of  the  remaining  varieties,  the 
Yellow  Transparent  and  Oldenburg  are  both  early 
bearing  Russian  sorts,  which  bear  young  and  do  not 
reach  a  large  size.  The  Wealthy  is  also  an  early  ma¬ 
turing  variety,  medium  size  in  tree;  the  Grimes  bears 
fairly  young,  is  not  a  very  vigorous  tree,  especially  in 
the  section  mentioned,  and  is  subject  to  blight  and 
other  troubles,  so  that  it  rarely  reaches  a  very  great 
age.  It  is  of  excellent  quality,  however.  These  vari¬ 
eties,  together  with  the  Sweet  Bough,  which  is  of 
small  importance  commercially,  I  would  plant  as  semi¬ 
permanent  trees,  as  indicated. 

There  will  still  be  remaining  vacancies  for  about 
160  trees.  I  should  hesitate  to  advise  planting  peaches 
without  knowing  the  local  conditions,  but  if  they  were 
right,  these  vacant  spaces  might  be  so  planted,  select¬ 
ing  the  higher  part  of  the  field  in  order  to  avoid 
frosts  if  possible.  In  case  the  grower  should  not  wish 
to  plant  peaches,  the  Jonathan  and  Maiden  Blush 
might  also  be  planted  as  semi-permanent  trees,  though 
the  former  is  of  too  much  promise  to  warrant  plant¬ 
ing  with  the  necessity  of  cutting  out  later.  If  this 
plan  were  followed,  between  nine  and  10  acres  would 
be  required. 

Another  plan  would  be  to  plant  all  trees  as  perma¬ 
nent  trees,  in  which  case  the  proper  distance  would 


ALL  READY  FOR  THE  HORSES.  Fig.  387. 

be  about  35  feet  each  way.  This  would  require  be¬ 
tween  14  and  15  acres.  This  method  of  planting  ad¬ 
mits  of  growing  hoed  crops,  such  as  potatoes,  cabbage, 
corn  or  garden  truck  between  the  trees  for  the  first 
few  years,  which  will  largely  if  not  entirely  pay  the 
expenses  of  caring  for  the  orchard.  The  chief  objec¬ 
tion  to  the  planting  of  semi-permanent  trees  is  that 
they  are  seldom  cut  out  until  they  get  so  large  and 
the  orchard  becomes  so  thick  as  seriously  to  interfere 
with  orchard  operations,  and  the  permanent  trees  are 
seriously  injured. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 

The  YorkTmperial  and  Stayman  Winesap  are  both 
excellent  commercial  varieties  in  Southern  and  South¬ 
eastern  Pennsylvania,  but  are  apt  to  prove  disappoint¬ 
ing  in  Allegheny  County  as  to  size,  quality  and  color 
unless  given  the  best  of  care.  Another  important  item 
to  keep  in  mind  in  planting  an  orchard  in  the  above 
section  is  the  proximity  to  coke  furnaces  or  factories. 
Smoke,  while  it  may  not  injure  the  fruit,  makes  it 
unattractive,  but  the  gases  seriously  affect  the  trees. 
This  injury  is  more  apparent  in  fruit  than  in  grain 
crops.  w.  j.  w. 

OATS  FOR  MULCH  IN  STRAWBERRIES. 

In  answer  to  the  call,  page  904,  “Brevities,”  for 
definite  information  about  sowing  oats  in  strawberries 
as  a  mulching  crop,  I  will  say  I  tried  the  experiment 
with  very  gratifying  results,  a  number  of  years  ago 
when  trucking  in  the  vicinity  of  Harrisburg,  Pa. 
However,  my  main  object  in  sowing  the  oats  was  not 
so  much  to  secure  a  surface  mulch  as  to  secure  favor¬ 
able  sub-surface  conditions  for  the  free  development  of 
the  new,  tender  rootlets  that  start  in  the  Spring,  and 
on  which,  of  course,  must  depend  largely  the  success 
of  the  crop.  I  had  observed  that  on  my  soil,  which 
was  quite  deficient  in  humus,  though  a  good  loam  with 
a  fair  admixture  of  sand,  strawberries  yielded  best  in 
spots  where  a  light  growth  of  crab-grass  or  other  an¬ 
nual  weeds  and  grasses  had  come  in  late  in  the  season 
after  cultural  vigilance  had  been  relaxed.  It  was 
scarcely  believable  that  the  very  small  amount  of  ma¬ 
terial  on  the  surface  could  account  for  the  benefit  to 
the  crop,  but  it  took  no  great  stretch  of  the  imagina¬ 
tion  to  comprehend  that  the  fine  network  of  roots  of 


A  FAMOUS  OLD  VIRGINIA  CHERRY  TREE.  Fig.  388. 


these  annual  weeds,  holding  their  form  in  the  soil 
through  the  Winter,  and  as  warm  weather  came  on, 
decaying,  would  thoroughly  ventilate  the  soil,  furnish 
ideal  channels  for  the  tender  rootlets  of  the  straw¬ 
berry  plants  and  at  the  same  time  yield  needed  nour¬ 
ishment. 

In  line  with  these  conclusions,  having  a  l)4-acre 
tract  set  in  the  Spring  in  the  usual  matted  row  meth¬ 
od,  rows  3)4  feet  apart,  plants  18  inches  along  row, 
late  in  August  when  the  runners  had  pretty  thoroughly 
occupied  the  ground,  about  three  bushels  per  acre  of 
clean  oats  were  broadcast  among  them.  Of  course 
there  was  no  way  to  cover  them  except  in  the  narrow 
strips  between  the  rows,  through  which  the  cultivator 
was  run  for  the  last  time.  Fortunately  there  was  a 
spell  of  rainy,  moist  weather  following  the  sowing, 
resulting  in  quite  an  even  stand  over  the  whole  tract. 
By  the  time  for  killing  frost,  there  was  a  growth  of  a 
foot  or  more,  and  the  plat  had  the  general  appearance 
of  a  patch  of  fairly  vigorous,  half-grown  oats,  but 
closer  examination  showed  they  were  not  so  heavy  as 
seriously  to  shut  out  sunlight  and  air  from  the  berry 
plants  beneath.  During  the  Winter  the  frozen  oats 
formed  a  very  efficient  mulch,  keeping  the  snow  from 
being  blown  away  and  preventing  undue  freezing  and 
thawing,  but  by  the  time  the  fruit  was  ripe  the  oats 
had  largely  disappeared. 

As  to  the  crop  of  fruit,  it  was  one  of  the  best  I 
have  ever  grown,  8300  quarts  from  the  1)4  acre,  and 
would  have  been  about  double  that  had  they  all  been 
of  the  best  of  the  five  varieties  which  the  plot  con¬ 
tained.  A  part  of  them  were  Excelsior,  which,  while 
making  a  splendid  showing  very  early  in  the  season, 
was  caught  in  an  early  drought,  just  as  the  fruit  began 
to  ripen,  and  was  nearly  a  failure.  One  other  variety 


October  7, 

was  ill  adapted  to  the  locality,  and  did  not  amount  to 
much,  but  William  Belt  was  magnificent,  and  yielded 
well  nigh  at  the  rate  of  10,000  quarts  per  acre.  This 
on  gravelly  upland  of  very  moderate  natural  fertility, 
without  stable  manure  or  plowed  down  cover  crop; 
nothing  but  commercial  fertilizer.  The  point  I  am 
emphasizing  here  is  that  while  it  is  generally  sup¬ 
posed  that  a  generous  supply  of  humus  is  necessary  to 
produce  a  good  crop  of  strawberries,  should  this  be 
lacking  the  defect  may  be  relieved  if  not  entirely 


REAR  VIEW  OF  LOADED  WAGON.  Fig.  3SU. 


corrected,  so  far  as  this  crop  is  concerned,  by  the  use 
of  late-sown  oats.  Also  I  would  not  think  it  useless 
to  sow  at  a  much  later  date  than  I  have  named,  say 
even  as  late  as  October  1.  When  we  reflect  that  with 
most  plants,  in  their  earlier  stages  of  growth,  at  least, 
the  roots  are  about  three  times  the  length  of  the  top, 
thickly  sown  oats  that  reach  a  height  of  only  a  few 
inches  may  fill  the  soil  with  a  mass  of  rootlets  to  the 
usual  depth  of  plowing.  D.  L.  hartman. 

Florida. 


CAPITAL  vs.  “JUDGMENT  AND  ABILITY.” 

Two  men  entered  into  an  agreement  to  run  a  farm,  one 
to  put  in  a  capital  of  $40  per  month  and  his  labor ;  the 
other  put  in  judgment  and  ability  to  carry  on  the  farm 
three  years.  The  one  with  the  capital  failed  to  be  a  farm 
help;  ho  could  only  do  little  odd  jobs  around  and  help  in 
the  kitchen,  equal  to  a  little  boy,  with  the  exception  of 
helping  to  lift  a  heavy  weight  once  a  week.  It  was  under¬ 
stood  that  if  he  could  fill  the  bill  the  profits  should  be 
equally  divided,  which  have  been  $400  a  year.  IIow 
much  would  you  consider  he  is  entitled  to  under  the  cir¬ 
cumstances?  w.  w. 

New  Jersey. 

Every  week  brings  several  propositions  like  this. 
Two  or  more  people  have  made  some  sort  of  partner¬ 
ship  agreement.  When  it  comes  to  dividing  loss  or 
profit  one  or  all  want  to  change  the  terms.  As  a 
rule  such  people  do  not  make  any  written  contract 
at  all.  They  just  “agree”  among  themselves  and  later 
one  or  the  other  can  “forget”  just  what  the  Terms 
really  were.  No  one  should  ever  go  into  a  oartner- 
ship  involving  payment  or  receipt  of  money  without 
writing  out  a  legal  agreement.  It  is  always  safer  to 
consult  some  lawyer  friend  and  have  the  contract  so 
that  it  will  stand. 

In  the  present  case,  as  the  statement  reads,  one 
man  agreed  to  put  up  $40  each  month  in  cash  and  to 
give  his  labor.  The  other  man  was  to  “put  in  judg¬ 
ment  and  ability,”  but  we  do  not  see  that  he  promised 
to  do  any  work.  The  $40  per  month  is  a  tangible 


STARTING  OUT  WITH  THE  LOAD.  Fig.  390. 


asset.  We  have  no  way  of  estimating  the  value  of  this 
“judgment  and  ability,”  but  it  would  not  amount  to 
much  on  a  farm  unless  good  hard  labor  went  with  it. 
Unless  the  man  with  the  “judgment”  also  worked,  the 
man  who  put  up  the  $"40  in  cash  is  certainly  entitled 
to  his  share  of  the  profits.  We  print  this  whole  thing 
to  show  how  impossible  it  is  for  a  stranger  to  settle 
any  such  case.  It  should  have  been  specified  in  writing 
just  what  this  man  was  expected  to  do,  and  also 
how  much  work  the  other  man  should  do  to  back 
up  his  “judgment  and  ability.” 


1911. 

LOADING  A  MARKET  WAGON. 

A  Double-decked  Cargo. 

Consummate  skill  in  the  loading  of  a  wagon  with 
the  products  .of  a  truck  farm  has  been  and  is  a  great 
factor  in  the  wonderful  success  of  this  class  of  soil 
tilling  in  Cook  County,  Illinois,  where  Chicago  is  the 
principal  market. 

In  this  sense  wagon  loading  does  not  merely  mean 
the  placing  of  a  great  variety  of  products  in  a  wagon 
box,  but  it  contemplates  the  actual  growing  of  crops 
so  that  they  may  be  loaded  to  the  best  advantage. 
For  certain  vegetables  that  may  be  taken  out  early 
in  the  season  are  planted  in  a  strip  wide  enough  to 
afford  a  driveway  after  they  have  been  removed,  and 
this  driveway  and  others  laid  out  similarly  in  other 
portions  of  the  farm,  serve  as  channels  and  laterals 
through  which  the  entire  crop,  several  crops  from  the 
same  land  in  the  same  season,  are  moved  to  market, 
but  no  roadway  in  the  entire  garden  has  escaped  pro¬ 
ducing  one  kind  of  crop  or  another  in  the  first  part 
of  the  season. 

It  may  be  well  to  explain  that  wagons  so  loaded 
have  to  stand  a  haul  of  from  eight  to  15  miles,  some¬ 
times  longer,  the  wagon  at  places  must  withstand 
considerable  jolting  over  electric  railway  tracks  and 
other  uneven  places.  The  wagon  is  not  loaded  in  the 
patch,  but  it  stands  on  solid  ground  in  the  big  farm¬ 
yard  of  such  a  farm.  Small  wagons  are  driven  out 
in  the  field,  traversing  the  narrow  driveways,  flanked 
on  either  side  by  a  great  variety  of  growing  and 
yielding  plants.  These  small  wagons,  most  of  them 
drawn  by  a  single  horse,  then  are  driven  to  the  farm¬ 
yard  close  beside  the  market  wagon,  and  there  the 
different  kinds  of  fruits  and  vegetables  are  system¬ 
atically  loaded.  The  wagon  has  been  especially  built 
for  the  purpose; 
it  is  known  as 
the  Peter  Schut- 
tler  type,  with 
broad  tires,  and 
the  top  of  the 
deep  wagon  box 
is  built  out  over 
the  wheels  to  a 
width  of  a  foot. 

With  each  wag¬ 
on  is  a  set  of 
platform 
boards ;  they  go 
with  a  wagon  as 
do  the  extra 
leaves  of  a  din¬ 
ing  room  table. 

Each  board  has 
an  inch  cleat 
flush  with  the 
end,  the  boards 
are  laid  cross¬ 
wise  the  entire 
length  of  the 
wagon  bed,  the 
cleat  dropping 
down  over  the 
edge,  holding 
each  board  secure.  These  boards  serve  two  pur¬ 
poses  ;  they  prevent  undue  weight  of  the  top  part  of 
a  load  ori  that  in  the  bottom,  and  articles  in  the  bot¬ 
tom  may  be  taken  out  of  the  hind  end  through  a  drop¬ 
ping  end  gate  without  removing  any  package  or  crate 
on  the  top  of  the  load.  When  this  wagon  reaches  the 
market  a  buyer  may  want  all  of  a  certain  kind  of  a 
vegetable,  and  the  entire  stock  may  be  in  the  bottom 
of  the  load.  The  gardener  simply  drops  the  end  gate 
and  removes  this  portion  of  his  load,  sack  by  sack,  or 
crate  by  crate,  until  all  has  been  taken  out,  while 
nothing  on  top  has  been  disturbed.  It  has  been 
found  out  that  a  neat  display  of  the  load  of  products 
enhances  it  in  the  eyes  of  a  buyer.  The  clean  washed 
radish  tips  showing  in  a  crate  or  a  number  of  crates, 
or  the  white  tops  of  cauliflower  heads  evenly  dis¬ 
played  in  a  crate,  add  greatly  to  the  chances  of  a 
cjuick  sale. 

The  loaded  uncovered  wagon  shown  in  one  of  the 
accompanying  pictures,  Fig.  387,  came  from  a  20-acre 
truck  farm  owned  by  James  McGawn,  near  Mont 
Clare,  Ill.;  the  team  and  the  wagon  belong  to  John 
Burmeister,  the  tenant,  who  raised  the  crop  and  has 
loaded  the  wagon  for  an  eight-mile  drive  to  the  Hay- 
market  in  Chicago.  On  this  load  are :  600  bunches 
carrots,  loaded  in  the  bottom;  100  bunches  of  black 
radishes,  in  the  bottom ;  100  bunches  of  white  rad¬ 
ishes,  in  the  bottom;  20  sacks,  V/z  bushel  each,  dry 
onions,  on  the  bottom;  22  crates  cauliflower,  on  the 
top  platform;  seven  crates  Osage  muskmelons,  center 
of  the  top;  three  crates  of  red  cabbage,  front  top; 
one  crate  white  cabbage,  front  top;  five  crates  white- 
tip  radishes,  scattered  on  the  top;  one  crate  kohlrabi, 
front  top.  The  gross  weight  of  the  loaded  wagon  is 
8500  pounds,  the  net  weight  of  vegetables  5900  pounds. 


THE  BtURAIs  NEW -YORKER 

The  wagon  is  drawn  by  a  pair  of  eight-year-old  gray 
horses,  “Bob”  and  “Kate,”  worth  $450.  The  cost  of 
the  wagon  is  $212.  The  horses  alone  weigh  3000 
pounds. 

The  value  of  such  a  load  of  garden  truck  is  dif¬ 
ficult  to  estimate;  it  isn’t  less  than  $50.  The  average 
receipts  from  such  a  load  shown  in  the  picture  is 
$85.  The  same  tenant  farmer  has  sold  out  such  loads 
for  $110  and  even  more;  of  course,  it  depends  entirely 
on  the  demand  and  the  supply  in  the  market  on  the 
day  of  sale.  The  business  of  loading  a  wagon,  driving 
it  to  market  and  the  selling  of  it  is  alone  an  occupa¬ 
tion  commanding  a  weekly  salary  of  about  $15,  with 
beard,  lodging  and  other  expenses.  Some  idea  of  the 
importance  of  the  business  may  be  gained  when  it  is 
stated  that  in  this  branch  of  soil  tilling  in  this  district 
there  are  1300  farmers  associated  in  15  local  unions 
cf  the  Cook  County  Truck  Gardeners’  Association, 
and  the  farms  tilled  range  from  10  to  100  acres,  the 
value  of  which  runs  from  $250  to  $600  an  acre.  It 
requires  an  accomplished  seller  to  dispose  of  the  load 
tc  advantage  after  it  is  in  the  market,  the  details  of 
which  are  a  story  in  itself  and  will  be  given  later. 

Illinois.  J.  L.  GRAFF. 


NATURAL  GAS  FOR  HEATING  ORCHARDS. 

On  page  900  Mr.  Victor  Labadie,  of  Texas,  refers 
to  the  possibility  of  using  natural  gas  for  orchard 
heating  in  Eastern  Texas  and  Northern  Louisiana. 
I  have  made  some  computations  on  this  proposition 
before  now,  and  found  that  on  a  20-acre  orchard  it 
would  require  1330  feet  of  three-inch  gas  pipe  and 
36,000  feet  of  two-inch  pipe  to  provide  the  proper  dis¬ 
tribution  of  gas.  This  would  allow  for  the  burners  to 
be  25  feet  apart.  In  addition  to  this,  a  pressure  plant 


would  be  required  in  order  to  force  the  gas  through 
to  the  farther  ends  of  the  pipe.  Should  smaller  than 
two-inch  pipe  be  used  for  distribution,  greater  pressure 
at  the  power  plant  would  be  required  to  produce  the 
result,  but  nothing  smaller  than  one-inch  pipe  would 
be  considered  under  any  arrangement,  excepting  for 
nipples  leading  to  the  burners.  I  do  not  have  the 
costs  of  piping  at  hand  at  this  time,  so  am  unable  to 
tell  you  what  the  cost  of  the  equipment  would  be.  I 
presume  it  would  require  some  little  time  likewise  to 
place  this  seven  miles  of  piping  under  ground,  and 
some  expense. 

I  have  been  informed  of  an  experiment  along  this 
line  having  been  made  in  California  some  two  years 
ago  in  the  Bakersfield  district  by  a  well-to-do  man 
who  figured  that  a  matter  of  $100  or  $200  per  acre 
for  the  equipment  made  but  little  difference  so  long 
as  he  developed  something  new.  If  any  such  arrange¬ 
ment  is  now  in  operation  anywhere  in  America  I  am 
not  familiar  with  it.  One  of  the  features  of  the  mod¬ 
ern  methods  of  orchard  heating  that  appeals  to  the 
average  grower  is  the  extreme  simplicity  and  the 
cheapness  with  which  the  equipment  can  be  installed 
and  operated,  as  it  lends  itself  very  easily  to  the  work 
to  be  performed. 

If  any  other  readers  know  of  instances  where  pip¬ 
ing  equipments  have  been  successful  in  conducting 
either  gas  or  fuel  to  the  burners  by  underground 
methods,  I  would  be  very  glad  to  know  about  them. 

Colorado.  jas.  l.  Hamilton. 

R.  N.-Y. — We  would  all  like  to  know. 


“Mind  is  superior  to  matter,”  says  the  philosopher — 
but  show  us  one  whose  mind  can  rise  superior  to  the 
toothache  or  a  mosquito. 


A  PROMISING  NEW  PEACH. 

I  am  sending  you  by  express  to-night  a  little  box 
of  my  new  peach  which  I  have  been  testing  for  four 
years  on  a  thousand  bearing  trees,  and  believe  it  is 
unquestionably  the  best  yellow  peach  in  America,  as 
it  has  a  combination  of  vigor  of  tree,  hardiness  of 
fruit  bud,  enormous  bearing  qualities  with  a  clean 
skin  without  the  fuzz,  solid  flesh  of  a  clingstone  and 
yet  one  of  the  most  free  to  part  from  the  pit.  Then 
again  it  has  extremely  fine  color,  and  is  50  per  cent 
better  in  quality  than  the  Elberta,  ripening  five  or  six 
days  before  that  variety,  which  gives  it  a  great  hold 
in  the  market.  It  has  another  advantage  of  remain¬ 
ing  on  the  trees  solid  and  firm  for  more  than  a  week, 
and  if  picked  when  first  ripe  is  solid  enough  to  pack 
in  barrels.  I  am  willing  to  stack  my  reputation  on 
this  as  the  one  greatest  peach  in  America.  I  call  it 
the  Million  Dollar  peach.  j.  h.  hale. 

Connecticut. 

R.  N.-Y. — This  peach  stood  around  two  days  in  a 
warm  room  before  the  package  was  opened.  We 
expected  to  find  it  badly  decayed,  but  there  was 
only  one  small  spot  of  rot  on  one  peach.  A  picture 
of  the  peach  showing  exact  size  of  a  fair  specimen 
is  shown  at  Fig.  391.  We  regard  Mr.  Hale’s  estimate 
of  it  as  quite  conservative. 


WANTED-A  LATE  ELBERTA. 

I  and  perhaps  a  great  many  others  would  like  to 
know  of  another  peach  that  would  come  later  than 
Elberta,  or  follow  close  after,  that  has  the  good  quali¬ 
ties  of  this  grand  peach.  I  consider  Elberta  the  best 
peach  to  grow  for  commercial  use  we  have  to-day. 
I  think  it  would  score  more  points  than  any  other 

peach  in  health¬ 
fulness  and  vigor 
of  growth  of 
tree,  also  size, 
shape  and  color, 
though  perhaps 
not  the  best  in 
quality  of  fruit. 
I  have  about  500 
bearing  trees 
out;  about  80  per 
cent.  Elberta.  I 
want  to  plant 
more,  and  what  I 
would  like  to 
know  is  what  to 
set  out.  I  would 
like  a  peach  as 
near  equal  to  El¬ 
berta  as  it  is  pos¬ 
sible  to  get  in 
the  above  points, 
and  that  will 
come  in  bearing 
following  closely 
after  that  grand 
peach.  I  think  it 
would  be  inter¬ 
esting  to  many 
of  your  readers,  and  especially  so  to  those  who  grow 
peaches,  to  get  the  opinion  of  growers  on  the  follow¬ 
ing  questions :  What  is  the  best  early  peach,  best  sec¬ 
ond  early,  best  midseason,  best  late;  judging,  first, 
vigor  and  growth  of  tree;  second,  size  of  fruit;  third, 
quality;  fourth,  productiveness?  It  is  a  well-known 
fact  that  the  nurseryman’s  catalogue  contains  too 
many  varieties  and  is  very  confusing  to  the  grower, 
many  of  them  being  nearly  worthless,  c.  a.  hyatt. 

Hudson  Valley. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  “Million  Dollar”  peach  mentioned 
above  is  a  little  earlier  than  Elberta.  We  use  Salway 
for  a  late  peach,  but  there  is  quite  a  margin  in  its 
ripening  after  the  Elberta  goes.  Let  us  have  a  dis¬ 
cussion  of  late  peaches.  What  is  your  choice? 


TREATMENT  OF  SEWAGE. 

The  city  of  Bradford,  England,  is  treating  15,000,000 
gallons  of  sewage  daily.  The  grease  is  extracted,  the 
moisture  dried  out  and  the  remainder  is  pressed  into 
cakes  for  shipping.  This  material  contains  about  two 
per  cent  of  nitrogen,  small  quantities  of  potash,  and 
sells  at  $3  to  $4.50  per  ton.  The  cakes  are  ground  intd 
fertilizer.  Some  of  this  sewage  cake  is  to  be  sent  tc> 
Florida  for  growing  truck.  Bradford  is  said  to  be 
the  only  place  where  such  work  is  done.  In  this  coun¬ 
try  millions  of  dollars  worth  of  plant  food  run  to 
waste  through  the  sewers.  At  the  mouth  of  the  Hud¬ 
son,  including  the  flow  from  the  Passaic  Valley  in  New 
Jersey,  over  $10,000,000  worth  of  plant  food  is  wasted 
annually!  No  process  has  yet  been  devised  which 
would  utilize  this  great  waste  economically.  If  this 
English  town  has  discovered  such  a  process  it  has 
conferred  a  blessing  upon  humanity. 


680 


THK  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


October  7, 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[  Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
name  and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure 
attention.  Before  asking  a  question,  please  see 
whether  it  is  not  answered  in  our  advertising 
columns.  Ask  only  a  few  questions'  at  one  time. 
Pu'  questions  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper.] 


Carrying  Onions  Over  Winter. 

H.  G.  P.t  Glens  Falls,  N.  Y. — I  find  great 
difficulty  in  keeping  my  Potato  onions 
through  the  Winter.  They  are  already  be¬ 
ginning  to  decay.  I  understand  that  in 
the  South  these  onions  are  set  in  the  late 
Fall.  Can  they  be  wintered  in  the  ground, 
protected  by  a  mulch,  as  far  north  as  New 
York  State? 

Ans. — It  is  almost  impossible  to  carry 
Potato  onion  sets  over  Winter.  I  al¬ 
ways  plant  them  in  September.  I  run 
out  small  furrows  and  fertilize  well  with 
commercial  fertilizer,  and  bed  on  these, 
making  the  rows  16  inches  apart.  The 
sets  are  planted  rather  deeply  in  the 
beds  so  that  the  soil  can  be  pulled  away 
in  Spring  to  let  them  bulb  on  the  sur¬ 
face.  Whether  they  will  winter  with 
you  or  not  I  am  unable  to  say,  but  I 
know  of  one  grower  in  northern  New 
York  who  carries  onions  of  the  Silver 
Skin  variety  over  Winter.  The  Potato 
onions  come  nicely  in  Spring  for  sup¬ 
plying  green  onions  from  the  offsets 
and  letting  the  large  bulb  mature.  I 
would  suggest  in  your  section  planting 
them  later  or  just  before  your  ground 
freezes,  so  that  they  will  not  start  in 
the  Fall,  as  they  do  here,  and  then  cover 
heavily  with  straw  to  prevent  hard  freez¬ 
ing.  Then  try  a  few  planted  now  and 
see  if  they  will  not  winter  all  right 
even  if  the  tops  freeze  off.  The  tops 
get  a  little  scorched  here  at  the  tips  in 
Winter,  but  it  does  not  seem  to  hurt 
them.  w.  F.  MASSEY. 

Maryland. 


Grape  Leaf-hopper  . 

D.  Tf.  T.,  Northville,  N.  F. — I  send  you 
herewith  a  leaf  from  a  grapevine  which  you 
will  notice  is  covered  with  small  black  files. 
Those  at  first  are  white  in  color,  but  as  they 
grow  seem  to  change  as  above  stated,  and 
eat  the  leaves  until  they  are  perforated. 
Can  you  tell  me  the  cause  of  them,  and  the 
cure! 

Ans. — The  grapes  are  evidently  badly 
infeseted  with  the  grape  leaf-hopper.  It 
is  probably  too  late  in  the  season  to  do 
much  toward  controlling  this  pest.  The 
adults  winter  over  along  the  grassy 
banks  of  ditches,  hedgerows,  etc.  In 
the  Spring  they  attack  the  grapevines, 
and  after  feeding  some  time  they  de¬ 
posit  their  eggs  in  the  leaves.  The 
nymphs  soon  appear  and  "begin  punc¬ 
turing  the  leaves  and  sucking  out  the 
juices,  causing  the  leaves  to  turn  yellow 
and  eventually  drop.  The  pest  can  best 
be  fought  by  spraying  to  kill  the 
nymphs  with  “Black  Leaf”  tobacco  ex¬ 
tract  at  the  rate  of  one  gallon  to  75  to 
100  gallons  of  water  with  two  or  three 
pounds  of  whale-oil  soap  added  to  make 
it  stick  and  spread.  Great  care  should 
be  exercised  to  spray  the  under  sides 
of  the  leaves,  and  to  facilitate  this  the 
nozzle  should  be  attached  to  an  angle. 
Probably  the  nymphs  will  appear  in 
Tune,  and  the  spraying  should  be  done 
at  this  time,  and  done  thoroughly.  Con¬ 
siderable  good  may  be  accomplished  by 
clearing  up  adjacent  hedgerows,  plow¬ 
ing  grassy  ditch  banks  and  practicing 
clean  culture  in  general. 

GLF.NN  W.  HERRICK. 


Alfalfa  with  Oats. 

I  have  taken  a  groat  deal  of  Interest  in 
the  articles  on  Alfalfa  that  have  been  in 
the  columns  of  your  paper.  I  am  experi¬ 
menting  with  about  an  acre  of  Alfalfa 
now.  I  sowed  an  acre  this  Spring,  with 
oats  as  a  nurse  crop,  sowing  the  oats  as 
thin  as  I  could  with  the  drill.  I  saw  later 
that  the  oats  were  sowed  much  too  thick 
for  the  Alfalfa,  which  came  up  very  thick 
and  reached  a  height  of  about  10  inches 
before  the  nurse  crop  began  to  take  all  of 
the  moisture  out  of  the  ground.  The 
Alfalfa  began  to  turn  yellow,  and  all  died 
down  long  before  the  oats  were  ripe  enough 
to  cut.  I  gave  the  experiment  up  as  a 
dead  loss,  and  said  that  the  next  time  I 
tried  Alfalfa  it  would  be  without  a  nurse 
cron,  and  in  the  Fall. 

The  last  week  in  August,  and  up  until 
now,  we  have  had  a  great  deal  of  rain.  I 
was  very  much  surprised  the  other  day 
when  one  of  my  men  told  me  that  the 
Alfalfa  was  coming  up  again.  I  went  down 
to  investigate  and  found  that  nearly  every 
dried-up  stalk  had  from  one  to  three  green, 
healthy  shoots  coming  from  its  roots. 
There  are  very  few  weeds  in  the  field  and 
the  Alfalfa  at  the  present  time  is  six 
inches  high  and  looking  fine.  However  well 
this  one  piece  comes  on,  I  don’t  think  that 
I  shall  try  Alfalfa  with  a  nurse  crop  again  ; 
it  is  too'  risky.  Tf  the  weather  had  con¬ 
tinued  dry,  as  it  has  in  the  past  few  sea¬ 
sons.  my  Alfalfa  field  would  have  still 
looked  dead,  and  probably  would  have  been 
dead  by  Spring.  A.  J. 

West  Auburn,  Pa. 

R.  N.-Y. — While  we  know  there  are  two 
sides  to  the  question  and  good  backers  on 
both  sides,  we  would  not  use  any  "nurse 
crop."  but  sow  the  Alfalfa  seed  alone  In 
early  August.  If  seeded  alone  in  Spring  on 
weedy  soil,  the  wbeds  will  prove  as  bad  as 
the  oats. 


A  Ring  Game. — Here  is  a  slick  game  told 
by  two  young  swindlers  and  reported  in 
the  Le  Roy,  N.  Y.,  Gazette.  These  scamps 
said  they  had  worked  this  in  Albany  with 
great  profit :  "In  their  suit  cases  they 
had  a  quantity  of  rings,  which  they  pur¬ 
chase  for  37  cents  each,  and  a  box  in 
which  the  ring  is  placed,  making  the  ring 
look  as  if  it  was  of  much  more  value.  Ar¬ 
riving  in  a  city  they  engage  a  room  and 
then  search  the  daily  papers  for  death 
notices.  They  then  do  up  one  of  these 
rings  and  send  it  by  express  C.  O.  D.  to 
the  address  of  the  person  who  has  just  died. 
When  the  package  arrives  the  other  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  family  suppose  it  is  something 
the  deceased  had  ordered,  unknown  to  them, 
and  in  the  midst  of  their  bereavement  they 
do  not  feel  like  refusing  the  package.  The 
young  men  stated  that  the  game  worked 
fine  and  that  it  was  very  rare  that  one 
of  these  packages  was  returned,  they  re¬ 
ceiving  $3  for  a  37-cent  ring.” 

Pi  kifying  Cistern  Water. — -On  page  838 
F.  G.  It.,  Hinsdale.  Mass.,  asks  for  a  rem¬ 
edy  for  an  ill-smelling  cistern.  We  have 
had  the  same  trouble,  and  remedied  it 
by  stirring  the  water  vigorously  for  a  few 
minutes  daily.  We  took  a  long,  strong, 
stick  that  would  reach  well  down  into  the 
cistern  :  to  the  end  of  the  stick  we  fas¬ 
tened  two  crossed  pieces  of  wood.  We 
found  it  necessary  both  to  nail  and  wire 
them.  We  keep  this  implement  on  hand, 
and  whenever  there  is  a  suspicion  of  odor 
or  taste  we  churn  the  water  up  and  down. 
Our  cisterns  are  cleaned  every  third  year 
and  while  we  used  the  chain  pump  there 
was  never  any  difficulty.  The  smell  and 
taste  have  come  since  wo  have  used  a  force 
pump.  e.  e.  c. 

Concrete  Ice  House. — I  note  your  in¬ 
quiry  relative  to  concrete  ice  houses.  I 
have  no  practical  experience  of  my  own,  but 
can  give  some  of  a  friend  who  built  quite 
an  expensive  one  two  years  ago,  costing 
about  .$1,000.  The  results  the  past  two  sea¬ 
sons  have  shown  it  to  be  one  of  the  most 
successful  failures  ever  seen,  all  ice  melting 
very  early  in  the  season.  It  certainly  stands 
to  reason  that  cement,  a  marvelous  sub¬ 
stance  to  absorb  and  retain  heat,  would  be 
about  the  poorest  possible  material  to  use 
for  this  purpose.  a.  t.  cook. 

R.  N.-Y. — Is  not  the  trouble  due  to  the 
way  the  icehouse  is  filled  and  packed? 
Other  reports  indicate  fair  success. 


“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 


Piedmont  Red  Cedar  Chest 


It  is  handsomely  finished  with  wide  copper  bands.  V  KRY  Roomy. 
Is  Dust,  Damp  and  Mice  proof.  The  fragtant  Southern  moun¬ 
tain-grown  Red  Cedar  affords  natural  Protection  Against  Moths 
without  the  useof  camphor.  Your  clothas,  furs  and  blankets 
are  kept  in  good  condition,  yon  don’t  have  to  air  them  to  get 
rid  of  the  objectionable  odor  of  moth  balla.  A  Red  Cedar  Cheat 
pays  for  itself  by  saving  your  clothes,  etc.  IT  MAKES  AN  IDEAL 
CHRISTMAS,  WEDDING  OR  ANNIVERSARY  GII  T.  You  save 
All  Dealer’s  Profit,  We  ship  Direct  from  Our  Factory  to  your 
home  on  15  Days’  Trial  and  prepay  freight.  Write  today  for 
our  handsome  new  catalog  showing  many  other  styles  of  lied 
Cedar  Chests,  Upholstered  Box  Couches,  Wardrobes,  ChifTorobee. 

Also  an  interesting  booklet.  “The  Story  of  ltd  Cedar.” 

PIEDMONT  RED  CEDAR  CREST  CO..  Dept.  61.  Statesville,  N.  C. 


NOTICE  to  PLANTERS 

I  have  a  surplus  of  extra  fine  1-yr.  stock  of  the  leading  varieties  of 
Apple  Trees  propagated  from  my  bearing  orchards.  It  will  pay  you 
to  get  in  touch  with  me  on  this  stock.  II.  F.  Kean,  Stanley,  N.  Y. 


FRUIT  TRFF^  F0R  FALL  planting 

riYUll  1  IYILEiO  FROM  THE  GROWER 

Save  middlemen’s  expense  and  get  them  fresh  dug. 
Same  catalog  and  prices  as  last  spring. 

WM.  J.  REILLY,  Nurseryman,  Box  69,  Dansville,  N.  Y. 


WHEELS,  FREIGHT  PAID,  $8.75 

for  4  Buggy  Wheels,  Steel  Tires.  With  Rubber  Tires 
plS. 45.  Reru'obing  your  wheels,  $10,311.  1  manufacture 
wheels  %  to  4  in.  tread.  Buggy  Tops,  $6.50;  Shafts, $2.10. 
Learn  how  to  buy  direct.  Catalog  free.  Repair  wheels, 

$5.05.  Wagon  Umbrella  Fax*,  \>  .  R.  BOOB,  Ciu’U,  0a 


T?INK  APPLE  ORCHARD  FOR  SALE. 

A  Also  Ten  Thousand  Bushels  of  APPLES. 
GEOKGE  WHARTON,  Cruso,  Haywood  Co..  N.  C. 


APPI  F  RARRFI  lots  or 

ArrLL,  p/\I\Xvtl_0  LESS.  Also  Heads 
or  Hoops.  ROBT.  GILLIES,  Medina,  N.  Y. 


Two  layer!  of  glass  instead  of  one 

You  never  cover  Sunlight 
Double  Glass  Sash 

The  two  layers  of  glass  take 
the  place  of  mats  and  boards 

Between  the  two  layers  is  a  54  inch  layer  of  dry  air, 
the  very  best  non-conductor.  Glass  held  in  place  without 
putty— can’t  slip  out — easily  replaced. 

Crops  on  the  market  weeks  ahead 

Under  Sunlight  Double  Glass  Sash  your  plants  grow 
fast  and  strong  for  they  get  all  the  light  all  the  time. 
They  enable  you  to  sell  your  crops  while  the  prices  are 
still  high. 

Send  for  these  books 

One  is  our  free  catalog;  the  other  is  a  book  on  hot-beds 
and  cold-frames  by  Professor  Massey.  It  is  authoritative 
and  of  vital  interest  to  all  grow¬ 
ers.  4c  in  stamps  will  bring 
Professor  Massey’s  book  in 
addition  to  the  catalog. 

Sunlight  Double 
Glass  Sash  Co. 

924  E.  Broadway,  Louisville,  Ky. 


Hyacinths,  Darwin  and  other 
Tulips,  Narcissus  and  Crocus, 
Easter  Lilies  and  hardy  Japan 
and  Native  Lilies.  English, 
Spanish  and  Japan  Iris.  Freesias, 
Calochortus  and  Trilliums,  and  all 
other  Native  and  Foreign  Bulbs 
and  Roots  in  endless  variety. 

The  Lar±  _ st  Assortment  in  America 

CATALOGUE  NOW  READY 
Mailed  free  for  the  asking 

J.  M.  THORBURN  &  CO. 

33  Barclay  Street  Dept.  Y  New  York 


CALIFORNIA 


DD  IVCT  Best  of  the  Hedge  Plants — an  ideal 
*  **  ■  ®  ™  *  hedge  for  lawn  purposes.  A  quick 

grower.  No  thorns.  Easily  trained.  California  Privet 
is  generally  known  and  universally  popular.  Particu¬ 
larly  suitable  for  private  grottnds.  Perfectly  hardy  and 
almost  evergreen.  Large  stock.  Prompt  shipments. 
Plant  this  Fall  and  gain  a  season.  Write  today  for  free 
Catalog  of  Trees,  Vines,  etc. 

ARTHUR  J.  COLLINS 
Box  R  Moorestown,  N.  J. 


FRUIT  TREES 

We  are  ready  to  take  orders  for  Fall  Delivery 
for  BLACK’S  QUALITY  TREES. 
.  .  .  Send  for  Booklet  .  .  . 

JOS.  H.  BLACK.  SON  &  CO..  HIGHTSTOWN.  N.  J. 


CDIIIT  TDCCC  and  plants  of  all  kinds  at 

|  HU  I  I  I  ItbCO  Reasonable  Prices.  Send 
for  Price  List.  BASIL  PERRY,  D.  18,  Cool  Spring,  Del. 


Tnrro  FOR  FALL  PLANTING 

Krh\  Scientific  workmanship,  soil  and 
|  1 1 L  L  O  climate  of  the  Upper  Genesee  Valley 
make  our  trees  the  best  in  America. 

KING  BROS.  NURSERIES,  Dansville,  N.Y„ 


2000  Acres  in  Nurseries-10  .Valuable  Farms  For  Sale, 
-  Harrison  s  Nurseries,  Berlin,  Mu. 

Peach  and  Apple  Trees 

For  fall  or  spring  planting.  Prices  right;  stock 
right.  MYER  &  SON,  Kridgeville,  Delaware 

By  tire  Millions.  A  complete  line 
at  wholesale  prices.  Large  supply 
of  peach  trees  and  Privet  Hedging. 
Westminster  Nursery,  Westminster,  Maryland 


TREES! 


Plant  the  Best  Trees  and  Save  Half  of  Your  Money 

If  you  buy  of  tree  agents,  more  than  half  of  your  money  goes  to  the  agent 
for  his  wages  and  expenses.  This  you  save  by  buying  direct  from  us,  the 
growers,  at  wholesale  prices.  Onr  trees  are  grown  from  bearing  orchards,  guar¬ 
anteed  true  to  name,  the  best  trees  that  money  can  buy,  fresh  dug,  no  scale  and 
personal  attention  given  each  order.  .  ...  .  .  „» 

Everybody  send  for  free  illustrated  catalogue.  Established  26  years. 
Capital  $60,000.00. 

MALONEY  BROS.  &  WELLS  CO.,  Box  19,  Dansville,  N.  Y. 


PULL  OFF  THE  CASE 

from  your  watch.— How  long  will  it  run  open?  It’s  no  good. 
The  same  thing  holds  true  with  an  engine. 

THi'NewWay  cooled 

has  all  working  parts  enclosed  like  a  high  grade  watch. 

That’s  why  it  runs  better,  uses  less  oil,  gasoline,  requires  no 
repairs,  gives  better  service,  lasts  longer. 

STUDY  UP  THE  ENGINE  QUESTION  BEFORE  YOU  BUY 

Write  us  nota  for  engine  catalog  No.  5. 

140  SHERIDAN  ST. 


CLARK'S 
CUTAWAY 
PLOW 


REVERSIBLE 
BUSH  AND 


100% 

CROPS 


Tins  machine  is  built  especially  to  subdue  newly 
cleared  timber  land  and  bogs  to  a  seed-bed  lit 
for  a  garden.  Twenty-five  years  of  experience  has 
taught  us  howto  build  this  machine  right.  It  is  de¬ 
signed  for  efficiency,  strength,  and  durability.  Its 
use  means  destruction  to  bushes,  bunch  grass,  morning 
glories,  or  any  wild  plant  that  is  preventing  best  cultivation, 
lias  eight24-inch  “Cutaway”  cutlery  steeldisks,  which  cut  a 
strip  5  ft.  wide  and  9  inches  deep.  It  will  throw  the 
soil  to  or  from  the  center,  leaving  the  land  level. 

Tliis  tool  makes  money  for  the  owner  every 
year,  and  its  life  is  indefinite. 

Shipping  weight,  625  lbs. 

Write  today  for  free  booklet 
‘‘Intensive  Cultivation.”  It 


fully  describes  our  complete 
line  of  tools  for  every  crop. 

Cutaway  Harrow  Co. 
839  Main  St. 
HIGGANUM,  -  CONN. 


fcUTS\ 

f THE50IL  / 
B\  TWICE  rtf 


TIMOTHY  SEED  an<]  a1sil5e’  both  new  ero 

All  A?  1  ,  ,  ,an4  wltho,ut  a  single  wee 

Also  alralra,  vetch  and  crimson  clover. 

O.  M.  Scott  &  Son,  100  Main  St.,  Marysville,  Ohi 


FOR  9AI  C-The  largest  SEED  BUSINESS  in 
1UII  OnLL  an  enterprising  city  of  70, 000.  Inthe 
center  of  a  large  agricultural  district.  Established 
in  1857.  Fixtures  and  good  will,  $1,000.  Stock  at 
market  prices.  A  good  proposition  for  the  right 
man.  Address  Douglass  M.  Ross,  Utica,  N.  Y. 


SURE  CURE  FOR  SAN  JOSE  SCALE 

CHEAPEST  and  BEST 

Jarvis  SprayingCompound  has  no  superior.  Buy 
from  the  manufacturers  direct  and  save  money  A 
gallon  of  Jarvis  Spraying  Compound  makes  16  gal¬ 
lons  of  spray.  Compound  ready  to  mix  with  water 
Sold  in  bbl.  lots  (50  gal.),  30c.  per  gallon.  Refer¬ 
ences— J.  H.  Hale,  the  “Peach  King."  or  Prof. 
Jarvis  of  the  Oonn.  Agricultural  College.  They 
will  tell  you  there  is  nothing  better. 

THE  J.  T.  ROBERTSON  CO.,  Box  W,  MANCHESTER,  CONN, 


TO  IflT  T 

San  Jose  Scale 

USE 

Bergenport  Brand  Sulphur 

The  best  sulphur  for  Lime  Sulphur  Solution. 
Combines  easily  and  quickly  with  lime.  Write  to 

T.  &  S.  C.  WHITE  &  CO. 
BERGENPORT  SULPHUR  WORKS 
100  William  Street,  New  York 


Elite  Burning  Oil 

In  Wood  and  Iron  Barrels 


A  perfect  burning  oil  made  from 
Pure  Pennsylvania  Crude.  :  : 

25  Years  on  the  Market 
Write  for  Particulars  and  Prices 

DERRICK  OIL  CO.,  -  Titusville,  Penn. 


APPLE  a  no  PEAR  BOXES 


SOUTH  SIDE  M’F’G  CO.  .  .  .  Petersburg,  Va. 

New  York  Office,  97  Warren  Street 


mi. 


©81 


the;  rural  new -yorker 


FRUIT  FOR  CENTRAL  NEW  JERSEY. 

Part  II. 

York  Imperial  is  a  good  market  apple 
when  well  grown,  nearly  every  speci¬ 
men  is  uneven  or  lop-sided,  but  when 
sprayed  it  is  a  good  selling  apple;  color 
dull  red,  quality  fair,  size  large.  I  sup¬ 
pose  it  would  not  do  to  mention  Ben 
Davis,  which  is  one  of  the  most  con¬ 
demned  varieties  in  existence,  and 
which  is  being  planted  all  the  time  by 
orchardists  as  a  variety  to  stand  by,  and 
is  quoted  in  the  markets  as  high  as 
most  varieties  that  are  classed  above  it. 
It  is  a  sure  and  heavy  cropper,  and 
when  given  proper  care  and  culture  is 
a  beautiful  fruit.  The  scale  likes  the 
tree  better  than  any  other  variety.  The 
small  boy  likes  it  because  he  gets  a  nice 
big,  red  apple;  quality  does  not  count 
as  much  as  size  and  color  '-with  the 
child.  The  housekeeper  likes  it  because 
it  is  one  of  the  best  cooking  apples  she 
can  get  in  the  markets.  I  like  it  when 
cooked  better  than  any  other  apple. 
The  editor  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  does  not 
like  it,  but  would  feed  it  to  criminals 
instead  of  capital  punishment.  Out  of 
100  trees  I  certainly  would  not  advise 
planting  so  many  varieties.  Rome 
Beauty,  White  Ohio  Pippin,  Jonathan  or 
Ben  Davis  for  market,  and  a  few  trees 
of  Grimes  Golden,  Baldwin,  Smoke¬ 
house,  Dominie,  Nero  and  Winesap 
for  family  use  would  be  the  better  plan. 

A.  M.  has  also  had  the  agent’s  advice 
on  peaches.  I  could  give  him  better 
advice  if  I  knew  in  what  part  of  Mid¬ 
dlesex  County  he  was  located,  and 
where  he  intended  to  market  his  fruit. 
The  best  peaches  to  plant  are  the  North 
China  type ;  they  are  hardier  and  more 
sure  croppers.  The  Carman,  an  early 
semi-cling,  has  been  the  best  paying 
orchard  peach  that  we  have  had  for  a 
long  time.  Miss  Lolo  is  another  of  the 
same  class,  not  quite  so  large,  but  a  little 
earlier  than  Carman.  If  still  an  earlier 
variety  is  wanted  then  Greensboro  is 
good— one  of  the  earliest  peaches  we 
have,  that  is  worth  calling  a  peach.  All 
of  the  above  varieties  are  semi-clings. 
The  Belle  of  Georgia  is  one  of  the  best 
paying  main  crop  peaches  we  have, 
white  flesh,  freestone,  ripening  before 
Elberta.  Elberta  is  of  the  same  class, 
a  large  yellow-fleshed  freestone,  and 
while  it  is  not  of  the  best  quality  it  is 
a  good  cropper,  large  size,  beautiful 
fruit  that  always  finds  a  ready  market 
at  high  prices.  Fox’s  Seedling  is  a 
white  flesh  freestone  peach,  ripening  in 
September,  and  is  one  of  our  most 
profitable  market  varieties.  Iron  Moun¬ 
tain  is  a  very  late  white  peach ;  must 
be  thinned  to  bring  it  to  perfection,  as 
it  is  inclined  to  overload,  which  causes 
the  fruit  to  be  under  size  and  poor  color 
and  about  worthless.  Unless  it  can  be 
grown  right  do  not  plant  it ;  under  pro¬ 
per  care  it  is  a  very  profitable  variety. 
The  Champion  is  one  of  our  finest 
peaches,  large  size,  beautiful  mottled 
cream  color,  and  of  the  very  best  qual¬ 
ity.  Some  seasons  a  perfect  freestone, 
but  most  of  the  time  a  semi-cling.  Un¬ 
der  unfavorable  soil  and  climatic  condi¬ 
tions  it  is  the  "worst  variety  on  the  list 
for  rotting.  Spraying  with  self-boiled 
lime  sulphur  may  control  it,  and  if  the 
rot  can  be  controlled  Champion  is  one 
of  the  best  paying  varieties  we  have. 
Mountain  Rose,  Oldmixon,  Stump  and 
the  Crawford  class  belong  to  the  Per¬ 
sian  type  and  are  tender  in  bud,  more 
subject  to  brown  rot  and  other  diseases 
than  the  North  China  type.  Champion, 
Belle  of  Georgia,  Elberta,  Fox’s  Seed¬ 
ling  and  Iron  Mountain  are  all  good 
profitable  varieties.  Plant  good  three  to 
four-foot  trees;  buy  y?>ur  trees  early  in 
the  Fall  of  some  good  reliable  nursery¬ 
man,  and  have  him  instruct  you  how  to 
trench  the  trees  for  the  Winter,  as  early 
Spring  is  the  best  time  to  plant  peach 
trees.  Buy  your  apple  trees  and  plant 
this  Fall,  if  you  can  buy  good  thrifty 
one-year-old  trees  that  are  tree  feet 
high  or  more.  Do  not  buy  two-year-old 
trees,  three  to  four  feet,  as  many  of 
the  trees  listed  of  this  grade  are  two 
years  old.  Such  trees  are  stunted  and 
worthless  culls  to  plant  in  orchard. 

Many  of  the  large  orchardists  are  now 
planting  apples  20  feet  apart  each  way, 
the  idea  being  to  cut  out  every  other 
tree  as  soon  as  they  begin  to  crowd, 
which  will  be  from  12  to  15  years.  I 
know  of  one  orchard  planted  in  this 
way  with  the  old  Winesap  that  at  six 
years  of  age  averaged  a  bushel  of  good 
fruit  to  the  tree,  and  the  following  year 
when  seven  years  old  yielded  3300 
bushels  of  fine  fruit  from  the  1700  trees 


in  the  orchard.  Other  orchardists  plant 
20  feet,  every  other  tree  being  what  is 
termed  a  “filler;”  that  is,  some  smaller 
growing  and  early  bearing  variety  like 
Duchess  of  Oldenburg,  Wealthy,  etc. 
These  planters  claim  that  when  the 
peach  is  used  as  a  filler,  and  it  pays,  the 
temptation  is  to  leave  them  too  long, 
thus  crowding  and  starving  the  apple. 
On  the  other  hand  I  know  by  experi¬ 
ence  and  observation  that  the  men  who 
follow  either  of  the  above  methods  are 
just  as  prone  to  get  just  one  more  crop 
before  using  the  ax,  as  the  men  who 
uses  peaches  for  fillers.  Whether  we 
plant  all  apple  at  20  feet  apart  or  use 
peaches  to  fill  up,  we  must  remember 
that  extra  food  must  be  given  to  pro¬ 
vide  for  the  extra  number.  I  have  a 
neighbor  who  planted  his  apples  with 
peaches  to  fill,  as  A.  M.  proposes  to  do. 
After  they  were  planted  four  years  he 
sold  from  eight  acres  $850  worth  of 
peaches.  The  following  year  (1910), 
when  peaches  were  much  lower  in  price, 
he  sold  about  $2400  worth  of  peaches 
and  about  $100  of  apples,  the  apples 
coming  from  Wealthy  and  a  few  Jona¬ 
than.  Most  of  his  apple  trees  were 
planted  for  stocks  to  graft  another  va¬ 
riety  on.  Local  conditions,  varieties  that 
succeed  well  in  your  locality,  should  be 
carefully  studied  and  should  be  your 
best  guide.  e.  s.  black. 


I  would  have  had  to  cut  nearly  one-half 
of  my  orchard  down,  as  nearly  half  of 
the  trees  were  affected  with  borers.  No 
use  trying  lime,  as  I  had  already  tried 
that,  and  went  at  them  with  clear  kero¬ 
sene.  I  would  rather  experiment  with 
the  trees  than  cut  them  down,  even  if 
I  did  lose  them  in  the  end.  I  wanted 
to  see  if  I  could  find  anything  that  would 
kill  them.  1  sprayed  body  and  larger 
limbs  with  kerosene  and  I  think  I  have 
cleaned  them  out,  as  I  found  only  one 
live  bug  in  the  whole  orchard.  I  write 
this  thinking  that  some  one  else  may 
have  the  same  trouble  and  my  experi¬ 
ence  may  help  them.  H.  b.  welch. 

Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  letter  from  the  experi¬ 
ment  station  named  the  insect  as  “shot- 
hole  borers.”  The  advice  was  to  cut  out 
the  worst  trees  and  whitewash  the 
others.  Mr.  Welch  certainly  gave  his 
trees  a  strong  dose  when  he  used  pure 
kerosene.  We  shall  want  to  know  how 
these  trees  look  next  Spring.  We  have 
seen  trees  killed  by  spraying  with  pure 
kerosene,  yet  when  it  is  put  on  in  a  fine 
mist  and  not  too  much  of  it  we  have 
known  it  to  kill  the  scale  without  hurt¬ 
ing  the  trees. 


Kerosene  for  “  Shot-hole  Borers.” 

I  have  a  sour  cherry  orchard  of  about 
70  trees  four  years  old,  which  have 
made  a  fine  growth.  They  are  from 
four  to  six  inches  through,  and  were 
a  very  healthy  tree.  I  noticed  some  of 
the  leaves  were  turning  yellow';  upon 
examination  I  found  a  black  b.0  boring 
holes  in  the  bark  and  the  sap  running 
out  and  forming  a  gum.  There  have 
been  fruit  men  here  from  different  parts 
of  Wayne  County,  and  no  one  ever 
saw  anything  like  it,  but  we  all  thought 
lime  and  sulphur  and  arsenate  of  lead 
would  do  away  with  them,  so  I  painted 
the  body  and  large  limbs,  as  that  is 
where  they  work,  with  the  clear  lime- 
sulphur  and  arsenate  of  lead.  It  had 
no  effect  on  them  whatever.  It  looked 
very  much  as  if  I  was  to  lose  my 
whole  orchard.  One  man  said :  “That  is 
a  job  for  the  experiment  station;  send 
them  some  bugs  and  bark ;”  which  I 
did.  I  will  forward  you  the  letter  I  re¬ 
ceived  from  them  (Geneva  Experiment 
Station),  which  did  not  enlighten  me 
any,  for  if  I  had  followed  their  advice 


Filling  Up  Gullies. — On  page  810, 
R.  K.  asks  how  to  stop  a  gully,  and 
W.  F.  Massey  tells  of  one  way — and  a 
good  way — like  all  of  his  recommenda¬ 
tions  for  the  farm.  Here  is  another 
way  that  I  have  found  very  effective  on 
a  hilly  clay  farm  that  washes  almost 
like  water  running  over  flour.  Take 
brush — evergreen,  i.  e.,  pine,  cedar, 
spruce,  etc.,  is  preferable.  Cedar  should 
be  plentiful  around  R.  K.  Lay  the  tops 
up  the  gully  and  put  some  dirt  on  them 
to  hold  them  down,  and  make  the  water 
run  over  them.  Lay  it  all  along  the 
gully  _  if  the  brush  is  plenty,  and  put 
piles  in  the  deep  places,  being  careful  to 
put  the  tops  up  stream,  and  see  that 
they  are  fastened.  The  piles  are  for 
dams,  and  should  be  made  long  with 
the  tops  to  the  bottom  of  the  gully,  and 
if  sufficient  care  is  taken  to  lay  it  in  the 
water  will  not  run  under  them.  If  ever¬ 
green  brush  cannot  be  had,  use  any  kind 
and  mix  in  some  straw  or  leaves  to  help 
to  catch  the  silt.  The  best  part  of  Mr. 
Massey’s  recommendation  is  to  keep 
such  land  in  sod  as  much  as  possible — 
then  you  keep  all  the  soil  to  make  more 
grass.  When  the  sod  is  broken  up  you 
are  sure  to  lose  much  of  the  best  of 
your  soil. 

Kewanee,  Ill. 


E.  m.  v. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Tiim 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

The  PRESIDENT 

‘  r  GUARANTEED  T 

WORK  SHIRT 


If  you  want  the  best,  most 
practical  50c  W ork  Shirt  ever  man¬ 
ufactured,  ask  your  dealer  for  the 
"Regular”  President;  if  you  want  the 
Extra  Best  ask  for  the  $1.00  Special. 
Each  is  the  actant  best  garment  for 
the  money  on  the  market — their  strong 
endorsement  by  over  2  Million  men 
proves  it.  For  genuine  service,  com¬ 
fort  and  all  round  satisfaction  Presi¬ 
dent  Work  Shirts  can’t  be  equalled, 
— just  try  one  and  see. 

v  At  your  dealer’s,  if  not,  send  us  his 

name,  your  collar  size  and  price  in 
stamps  for  sample  shirt  and  book 
of  new  patterns. 

The  President  Shirt  Co. 

12  W.  Fayette  St. 

Baltimore,  Md. 


$ 


TOWER’S  3' 


I  REFLEX  TONER’S  1 


Before  purchasing 
,  A  Wet  Weather 
1  Garment  look  at 
1  the  construction 
)  of  the 

li  Fish  Brand 
!  KEFLEX  SUCKER 

i 

•  The  concealed  edge  of  the 
coat  is  REFLEX.  The 
inside  storm  lap  also  has 
YY-YL  a  REFLEX  edge  assur- 
: _ _ 


uig  double  protection, 
making  it  absolutely 

Impossible 

For  Rain  To  Get  In. 

When  buttoned,  looks  like  an  ordinary  over¬ 
coat  Light,  Durable,  Comfortable.  Ask 
your  dealer  to  show  you  the 

Fish  Brand  Reflex  Slicker  (Pal'd) 

$3.00  Everywhere 
A.  J.  Tower  Co..  Boston 
Tower-Canadian,  Ltd,  Toronto.  Gill 


[TOWER’S  J 


1  REFLEX  TOWER'S  f  nfttEFLEk 


lor  Thrifty  Non  &Youn^  Non 

CLOTHCRAFT 


BLUE  SERGE  SPECIAL 
N°4130  All  Wool  At  48.50 


GUARANTEED 
ALL  WOOL 


£ 


REC.U.S. 


PAT,  OFF 


This  is  the  best  blue  serge  suit  the 
Clothcraft  shops  have  ever  turned  out 
to  sell  at  $18.50. 

It  gives  you  an  extra-good  all-wool  serge  made  up 
with  all  the  perfection  of  style  and  fit  you’d  expect  at 
much  higher  prices — and  it  is  guaranteed  to  hold  its 
shape  through  innumerable  pressings,  and  to  give 
satisfactory  service. 

There’s  a  logical  reason  for  this  unusual  value: 

This  announcement  will  surely  increase  the  demand 
for  this  particular  suit.  The  increased  demand  will 
reduce  the  cost  of  production.  Anticipating  these 
results,  we’ve  put  the  saving  back  into  a  better  suit, 
by  using  a  better  cloth  than  would  otherwise  be  pos¬ 
sible  at  the  price. 


Go  to  the  nearest  Clothcraft  Store  and  examine  this  suit 


Clothcraft  Blue  Serge  Special 
at  $18.50;  No.  4130. 

Besides  Style  4130-C,  illus¬ 
trated  above,  the  Blue  Serge 
Special  is  made  up  in  seven 
other  styles.  When  you  see  the 
suits  you  will  notice  that  the 
you  ng  men’s  styles  have  all  the 
snap  and  dash  that  young  men 
like,  without  being  freakish.  Be 
sure  to  ask  the  Clothcraft  dealer 
for  No.  4130;  for  there  are  other 
Clothcraft  all-wool  suits  at  $10 
to  $25. 


Notice  the  beautiful  quality  of  the  serge — 
its  fine,  soft  finish;  its  close,  even  twill;  its 
deep,  rich  indigo  dye,  guaranteed  to  hold  its 
color. 

Note  the  style  in  every  line  of  the  suit.  Try 
it  on,  and  observe  that  the  collar  fits  close, 
no  matter  what  size  you  happen  to  hit  upon. 


Observe  the  shapely  shoulders,  smooth 
coat-front,  heel-hugging  trousers.  Then 
you'll  know  this  is  the  blue  serge  suit  for  you. 

If  you  don’t  know  a  Clothcraft  store,  write 
us  direct.  We’ll  gladly  send  you  a  Clothcraft 
Style- Book  for  fall,  a  sample  of  the  serge,  and 
the  name  of  the  nearest  dealer. 


Clothcraft  All-Wool  Clothes  for  Men  and  Young  Men  are  the 
One  Guaranteed  All-Wool  Line  at  Medium  Prices:  $10  to  $25 

The  Clothcraft  guaranty,  hacked  by  dealer  and  maker,  assures  absolutely  pure  wool  cloth, 
first-class  trimmings  and  workmanship,  permanent  shapeliness,  lasting  service  and  satis¬ 
faction. 

JOSEPH  &  FEISS  COMPANY 


Founded  1850- 
M  anuf  acturers 


-Oldest  American 


’  982 


THR  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


October  7, 


Vegetable  Growers  Meet  at  Boston. 

The  Vegetable  Growers’  Association  of 
America  opened  its  fourth  annual  conven¬ 
tion  in  Horticultural  Hall,  Boston,  the 
afternoon  of  September  19.  Secretary  S. 
W.  Severance,  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  reported 
24  States  and  Provinces  represented  in  the 
association,  with  a  total  membership  of  214. 
He  urged  that  more  members  be  secured, 
especially  in  New  England.  The  president, 
It.  L.  Watts,  of  the  State  College  of  Penn¬ 
sylvania,  in  his  address  called  for  legisla¬ 
tion  on  uniform  transportation  rates,  uni¬ 
form  packages,  pure  seeds,  and  the  aboli¬ 
tion  of  the  free  seed  farce  of  the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture,  and  urged  market  gar¬ 
deners  and  agricultural  experiment  stations 
to  “get  together”  to  secure  these  reforms. 
He  also  spoke  of  Boston  as  the  center  of 
one  of  the  most  successful  market  garden 
sections  of  the  country,  where  not  only 
large  quantities  of  vegetables  are  grown 
both  in  the  open  and  under  glass,  but 
where  the  most  extensive  methods  have 
been  employed.  The  evening  programme 
included  an  illustrated  address  on  “The 
French  and  English  System  of  Vegetable 
Forcing,”  by  David  Luinsden,  of  the  N.  II. 
College  of  Agriculture ;  and  one  on  “Mar¬ 
keting,”  by  Paul  Work,  of  Cornell  College 
of  Agriculture. 

After  the  question  box  Wednesday  morn¬ 
ing,  an  address  on  “The  Horticultural  Or¬ 
ganizations  of  Ontario,”  prepared  by  Mr. 
J.  Eockie  Wilson,  was  read,  by  which  it 
appeared  that  they  are  liberally  encouraged 
by  the  Canadian  government,  have  large 
membership,  and  do  active  and  efficient 
work  for  agricultural  advancement;  sub¬ 
ordinate  societies  co-operating  with  the 
central  organization,  and  individual  mem¬ 
bers  making  special  investigations  to  report 
upon.  Some  tests  recenly  made  have  beou 
of  potatoes,  onions  and  best  sources  of 
seed.  The  work  of  various  business  asso¬ 
ciations  of  market  gardeners  was  next 
mentioned.  That  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  clubs 
for  buying  orders  through  the  secretary, 
and  has  reformed  the  package  question  so 
15  cents  is  now  charged  for  each  box.  The 
Norfolk  Hotbed  Association  selects  one 
commission  firm  to  ship  to  in  each  city, 
pools  orders  for  seed,  gets  special  market 
telegrams,  etc.  The  Southern  Produce 
Company’s  work  is  advisory ;  it  prompts  its 
400  members  where  to  ship,  sees  to  loading 
and  has  secured  icing  of  cars.  This  is  a 
stock  company,  and  gets  funds  from  the 
sellers  of  their  produce  who  return  one  per 
cent  on  their  business.  The  work  of  the 
Columbus  organization  was  reported  as  edu¬ 
cational  ;  and  it  was  agreed  that  the  influ¬ 
ence  of  these  associations  generally  was  for 
more  fellowship  among  producers,  with  less 
of  a  spirit  of  jealousy  between  them.  A 
report  from  Cleveland  told  of  practical  co¬ 
operation  in  selling  there  where  in  the 
Winter  a  building  near  the  city  market  was 
jointly  leased  and  used  for  sale  of  pro¬ 
duce  by  the  market  gardeners. 

Prof.  Corbett,  of  the  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture,  in  his  address,  “The  Pre-Cooling 
and  Cold  Storage  of  Vegetables,”  spoke  of 
the  great  extension  of  the  area  of  vege¬ 
table  production  now  made  possible  by 


quick  transportation  and  car  refrigeration. 
By  these  facilities  2.562  cars  of  cantaloupes 
have  been  successfully  sent  to  distant  mar¬ 
kets,  in  a  single  season,  from  one  section 
of  our  country.  Snap  beans  and  peppers 
are  now  sent  in  refrigerator  cars,  and  then 
go  to  the  West,  recently,  from  Florida. 
Packing  and  selling  are  now  the  weak 
points  in  the  reaching  of  distant  markets 
with  commercial  success ;  transportation 
and  keeping  on  the  way  are  now  practically 
dependable  factors  in  the  venture,  and  pre¬ 
cooling  or  starting  vegetables  in  right  condi¬ 
tion  was  declared  important.  Fruits,  the 
speaker  said,  were  more  benefited  than  veg¬ 
etables  by  cold  storage,  celery  being  one  of 
the  latter  most  successfully  kept,  while 
spinach,  cucumbers  and .  seed  potatoes  are 
also  often  held  back  to  profit  by  the  same 
means. 

Upon  “Irrigation,”  Mr.  Roebuck  of  In¬ 
diana,  who  has  60  acres  under  the  furrow 
and  seven  acres  under  the  Skinner  system 
of  overhead  pipes,  gave  it  as  his  opinion 
that  the  former  is  most  advisable  when 
the  grade  of  land  will  allow  its  use,  as  it 
takes  less  water,  makes  fewer  weeds  and 
saves  in  cultivation.  Asked  if  overhead 
watering  in  sunlight  was  harmful,  he  said 
no.  The  furrow  system  is  common  and  suc¬ 
cessful  in  Louisiana,  said  Prof.  Tiebout  of 
Baton  Rouge.  “Is  drainage  needed  with 
irrigation  ?”  was  answered  “yes.” 

W.  R.  Cobb  of  Irvington-on-Hudson  gave 
in  the  evening  an  illustrated  lecture  upon 
“Greenhouse  Construction  and  Heating,” 
and  II.  B.  Fullerton  of  Long  Island  spoke  on 
“Open-Air  Opportunities”  in  New  England 
and  the  East.  He  told  the  meeting  that 
better  vegetables  could  be  raised  in  the 
East  than  in  the  West.  New  England  can 
grow  better  apples  than  Oregon,  was  his 
statement ;  and  the  pictures  showing  what 
had  been  done  in  development  of  fruit  pro¬ 
duction  of  many  kinds  at  his  station  on 
Long  Island,  within  a  very  few  years,  were 
most  impressive  and  corroboration  of  his 
optimism  for  Eastern  agriculture.  Farmers, 
said  he.  need  to  have  more  faith  in  their 
farms,  should  stand  together  and  co-operate, 
especially  in  selling  their  produce.  He  has 
solved  the  "help  problem”  by  giving  his 
men  cottage  homes,  work  the  year  round 
and  a  square  business  deal,  as  between 
men. 

Thursday’s  topics  were :  “Truck  Crop 
Rotations  as  Practiced  by  Hotbed  Growers 
of  Norfolk,  Va.  “Good  Seed  for  Market 
Gardeners,”  and  “What  Experiment  Sta¬ 
tions  Are  Doing  for  Vegetable  Growers,” 
and  then  came  committee  reports,  election 
of  officers  and  the  annual  banquet.  Friday, 
the  final  day  of  the  convention,  was  given 
to  inspection  of  the  vegetable  show  in  the 
exhibition  hall  of  the  building,  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Massachusetts  Horticultural 
Society.  e.  f.  Dickinson. 


Widening  a  Public  Highway. 

The  township  is  widening  an  old  road 
along  my  property.  The  surveyors  of  the 
highway  fixed  the  price  and  the  court 
granted  the  road.  I  never  had  any  notice 
about  it  at  all.  did  not  know  anything 
about  it  until  it  was  all  over.  They  say 


they  had  notices  in  store  and  blacksmith 
shop.  Is  a  person  supposed  to  go  to  store 
and  shop  to  see  if  they  are  going  to  sell 
his  property?  The  treasurer  of  the  town¬ 
ship  brought  me  a  check ;  said  if  I  did  not 
accept,  it  would  cost  me  lots  of  money, 
so  I  took  the  check.  Now  they  have  come 
on,  cut  down  trees  and  thrown  the  fence 
down  which  lets  my  cattle  out  in  the  road. 
Of  course  this  fence  is  in  the  road.  Did 
they  have  the  right  to  turn  my  cattle  out? 
Do  I  have  to  make  the  fence?  Who  Is 
liable  for  the  damages  my  cows  do  to  my 
neighbors?  p.  c. 

New  Jersey. 

The  law  does  not  take  the  property  of 
any  one  without  giving  them  their  day  in 
court.  In  order  to  widen  a  highway  no¬ 
tice  must  be  served,  on  all  persons  to  be 
affected,  to  appear  on  a  certain  day  to 
show  cause  why  such  a  proceeding  is  not 
necessary.  Tf  on  that  day  the  papers 
show  that  all  persons  have  been  notified 
and  no  one  objects  the  proper  ruling  is 
entered.  The  fact  that  proceedings  have 
gone  as  far  as  they  have  would  indicate 
that  the  matter  has  been  conducted  in  a 
regular  manner  and  that  you  were  notified 
and  either  did  not  consider  it  a  notifica¬ 
tion  or  that  you  have  forgotten  it.  If  you 
want  at  this  time  to  cob  test  the  matter 
your  only  remedy  would  be  to  hire  an 
attorney  who  would  review  the  proceed¬ 
ings  and  tell  you  what  your  rights  were. 
In  the  meantime  you  would  be  liable  for 
any  damages  which  your  cattle  might  in¬ 
flict  on  your  neighbors.  To  accept  the 
check  and  build  your  fence  would  at  this 
time  be  the  best  and  least  expensive  way 
for  you  to  do. 


Farm  Boys  at  the  New  York  Fair. 

Among  the  many  successful  features  of 
the  fair  there  was  one  which,  while  receiv¬ 
ing  little  attention  from  the  mass  of  visit¬ 
ors,  seemed  to  meet  witli  the  approval  and 
hearty  support  of  both  the  boy  participants 
and  those  who  were  interested  in  the  experi¬ 
ment.  Commissioner  l’earson  conceived  the 
idea  of  taking  several  boys  from  each  coun¬ 
ty.  between  the  ages  of  15  and  19.  and  giv¬ 
ing  them  a  week  at  the  fair,  all  their  ex¬ 
penses  to  be  paid  by  the  fair  commission. 
As  a  result  128  boys  were  present,  and 
seemed  to  be  enjoying  the  attractions.  In¬ 
terviews  with  a  large  number  of  “the  farm 
boys”  brought  out  some  very  interesting 
things.  One  could  but  be  strongly  im¬ 
pressed  with  the  sincerity  and  earnestness 
of  the  boys,  and  their  appreciation  for  the 
opportunity  which  the  commission  had 
given  them  in  paying  their  expenses.  One 
night  the  boys  were  quite  cold  in  the  tents 
in  which  they  were  quartered,  but  the  next 
day  they  were  supplied  with  blankets  and 
went  into  the  Grange  building  to  sleep,  so 
they  were  very  comfortable.  One  thing 
which  was  very  gratifying  to  the  men  in 
charge  was  the  fact  that  while  there  were 
no  ironclad  rules  of  conduct  for  the  boys, 
their  strict  observance  of  the  rules  which 
they  were  asked  to  follow  was  almost  as¬ 
tonishing.  They  had  certain  duties  to  per¬ 
form  in  the  different  departments  of  the 


fair  as  aids  to  the  superintendents,  part 
working  in  the  forenoon  and  part  in  the 
afternoon.  They  were  reported  to  be  very 
faithful  and  seemed  to  enjoy  it  very  much. 

There  were  lectures  several  times  each 
day,  especially  for  their  benefit,  and  while 
they  were  allowed  to  use  their  pleasure  in 
regard  to  attending,  the  attendance  was 
large,  and  many  of  the  boys  spoke  of  the 
lectures  and  seemed  to  have  taken  a  great 
deal  of  interest  in  them.  They  were  espe¬ 
cially  impressed  with  wlvat  Governor  Dix 
said  to  them,  and  the  fact  that  they  were 
given  the  entire  Grange  room  for  the  occa¬ 
sion,  while  the  public  was  shut  out. 

In  talking  with  the  boys  as  to  what  inter¬ 
ested  them  the  most  I  found  there  was 
something  which  had  attracted  every  one 
of  them  more  particularly  than  other  things, 
several  being  enthusiastic  over  the  horses, 
about  an  equal  number  interested  in  the 
cattle  aud  dairying  aud  in  farm  machinery, 
nearly  as  many  in  fruit  growing  and  a 
slightly  less  number  iu  poultry.  One  boy 
in  the  Grange  building  said,  “There  is 
enough  in  this  building  to  keep  me  busy 
a  good  part  of  the  time.”  He  had  been 
making  a  careful  study  of  the  State  indus¬ 
trial  departments,  the  different  departments 
of  Cornell  University  and  other  attractions. 
One  thing  which  was  very  pleasing  and 
quite  surprising  was  the  very  little  atten¬ 
tion  the  boys  had  given  to  the  fakes  and 
side  shows ;  they  seemed  all  to  have  been 
deeply  impressed  with  the  things  that  were 
worth  while.  The  ages  of  the  boys  seemed 
to  be  just  right  for  the  best  results;  they 
were  old  enough  to  use  good  fair  judgment, 
and  at  the  same  time  were  pliable  enough 
to  receive  the  best  impressions.  The  ones 
whom  I  interviewed  were  all  asked  if  they 
would  like  to  have  agriculture  taught  in 
the  public  schools,  and  were  all  very  fav¬ 
orable.  _  c.  R.  w. 

What  Ails  the  Peach  Trees? 

On  page  925  L.  H.  G.  of  Bloomburg,  Pa., 
asks  about  a  peach  tree  disease  which  he 
describes,  and  the  question  is  answered  by 
II.  E.  Van  Deman.  who  says  it  is  quite 
clear  to  him  that  in  this  cake  “the  disease 
is  due  to  rank  growth  of  the  trees.”  That 
sounds  encouraging,  and  at  the  same  time 
discouraging.  Here  in  Michigan  w.e  are 
battling  with  apparently  the  identical  same 
disease,  and  we  are  encouraged  to  learn 
the  cause,  but  are  at  the  same  instant  dis¬ 
couraged  when  we  stop  to  think  that  it  is 
affecting  every  variety  of  peach,  from  the 
best  to  the  poorest,  and  in  every  kind  of 
orchard,  from  the  highly  cultivated  to  the 
one  receiving  no  cultivation  at  all.  If  Mr. 
Van  Deman  is  sure  he  is  on  the  right  track, 
and  will  come  over  to  Michigan,  he  may  be 
able  to  give  our  State  horticultural  experts 
some  valuable  information,  for  they  tell  us 
they  have  been  studying  this  disease  and 
their  conclusions  are  not  definite  enough  to 
justify  the  publishing  of  a  bulletin  on  the 
subject.  However,  some  local  experiments 
are  being  made  by  cutting  away  all  the  dis¬ 
eased  bark  and  applying  commercial  lime 
sulphur,  full  strength,  with  a  paint  brush. 

Scottville,  Mich.  J.  B.  s. 


READ  THIS  GREATEST  TRUST- BUSTING  OFFER— $175  SAVED 

Tear  out  this  ad — it  is  good  for  a  6  H.-P.  Gasoline  Engine  60  Days  FREE 

This  “SIX  MULE  TEAM”  GASOLINE  ENGINE 


must  absolutely  do  all  work  on  the 


38,000  of  Our  Gasoline  Engines  Sold — 16  Returned 

Our  “Six  Mule  Team”  Engine  is  the  greatest  success  of  our  two-years’  fight  against 
gasoline  engine  trusts — a  $300  gasoline  engine  for  $125. 

First,  we  saved  the  farmer  $30  with  that  record-maker  engine,  “The  Chore  Boy” — 
then  we  saved  him  $50  with  the  2%  H.-P.  beauty,  “The  Hired  Man” — now  we  come  out 
with  a  6  H.-P.  engine,  the  greatest,  the  strongest,  the  best  in  the  world,  and  save  him 
$175.  We  call  it  “Six  Mule  Team”  and  it  lives  up  to  the  name. 

Two  years  ago  when  the  farmer  was  paying  two  prices  for  a  cheaply-made  rattle¬ 
trap  scrap  of  iron,  dubbed  a  "Gasoline  Engine,”  when  he  was  paying  out  his  hard- 
earned  money  to  support  corporation  officers,  who  never  walk,  but  ride  around  in  taxi¬ 
cabs- — we  first  sold  our  little  “Chore  Boy”  Engine.  And  the  gasoline  engine  trust 
sneered  and  said,  “All  right — they  will  be  out  of  business  in  six  months.  They  cannot' 
sell  an  engine  at  that  price  and  live  right.  They  don’t  know  how  to  make  money  on 
gasoline  engines — they  are  a  bunch  of  rubes.”  Since  then  we  have  sold  over  38,000 
gasoline  engines. 

Doesn’t  this  look  as  though  the  farmer  knows  a  square  deal  when  he  meets  it  face 
to  face — as  though  it  paid  to  make  an  engine  that  was  A-l  in  every  particular  and 
sell  it  at  a  decent  price,  instead  of  trying  to  put  100  per  cent,  dividends  in  the  pockets 
of  kid-gloved,  cigarette-smoking  sports  who  do  not  know  a  gasoline  engine  from  a 
threshing  machine,  and  who  spend  their  time  and  money  on  women  in  Peacock  Alley  or 
along  Broadway.  We  think  it  does — that  is  why  we  are  selling  this  “Six  Mule  Team” 
Gasoline  Engine  at  $175  less  than  the  trust.  It's  your  big  chance- — tear  out  this 
whole  page,  send  it  in  to-day  with  your  name  and  address.  Nothing  else  necessary. 


“Six  Mule  Team 


Specifications : 

Speed,  260  Rev.  per  M. 
Stroke  10  inches. 

Bore  6  inches. 

Shaft  2i  inches. 
Length  70  inches. 
Width  40  inches. 
Height  41  inches. 
Weight  1500  lbs. 

Fly  Wheel  40  inches. 
Pulley  10x8  inches. 
Color.  Red. 

Base  19  x  38  inches. 


farm— right  under  my  own 
nose— for  60  days— before 
I  pay  you  a  penny  cash 

Associated  Manufacturers  Company 
Waterloo,  Iowa 

Gentlemen — If  you  will  take  all  the  risk  and  send  me  this  great,  big, 
massive,  beautiful,  quiet  running,  powerful  gasoline  engine,  called  “Six 
Mule  Team,”  and  guarantee  that  it  will  develop  from  6  to  8  H.-P.  or  I 
don’t  pay,  I  will  accept  it  for  60  Days’  FREE  TRIAL.  You  must 
instruct  the  station  agent  to  allow  me  to  carefully  uncrate  and  examine 
this  engine— if  it  does  not  suit  me,  I’ll  tell  the  agent  to  ship  it  back, 
freight  collect. 

You  also  guarantee  that  this  “Six  Mule  Team”  has  a  larger  bore 
and  a  longer  stroke,  larger  fly  wheels,  and  is  heavier  than  any  mail  order 
or  trust  engine  made,  selling  as  high  as  $300,  and  that  I  will  save  $175 
for  my  own  pocket — that  the 

Price  is  ONLY  $125 

f.  o.  b.  Waterloo,  Iowa. 

If  I  like  the  engine  when  I  see  it  at  the  station,  I  will  take  it  out  to  my 
farm,  abuse  it,  overload  it,  put  it  up  against  work  that  my  neighbors  are 
using  a  6  H.-P.  engine  for.  If  it  does  not  do  the  work  with  less  gasoline 
per  H.-P.  per  hour,  if  I  do  not  decide  that  it  is  the  best  engine  I  ever  saw  — 
if  I  don’t  make  up  my  mind  that  this  “Six  Mule  Team”  engine  is  the 
best  bargain  I  ever  made,  then — I  will  on  or  before  60  days  ship  it  back, 
freight  collect.  If  I  accept  it  I  will  send  you  $125  cash;  or,  if  I  prefer, 
send  you  half  cash,  and  three  notes,  due  in  30,  60  and  90  days,  1%  interest. 

This  engine  to  be  fully  covered  by  your  protection-for-life  guarantee. 


Name 


Address 


Price,  $125  — Ship  via 

ASSOCIATED  MANUFACTURERS  COMPANY  - 


Frt.  Station 


WATERLOO, 


I  Mr FMinmr—Jl 


1911. 


U'HiC  RURAb  NEW-YORKEH 


©83 


HOW  TO  DIG  A  POST. 

The  other  day  I  moved  my  mail  box. 
It  was  fastened  to  the  top  of  a  cedar 
post,  and  the  post  had  been  set  three 
feet  deep  into  hard  clay  loam.  Rain 
has  been  a  very  scarce  commodity  for  a 
month  back,  and  I  had  to  use  a  crow¬ 
bar  to  loosen  up  the  dry,  hard-packed 
soil  around  the  post.  Notice,  I  say 
“around  the  post,”  and  I  imagine  nine 
out  of  ten  “suburban  farmers”  would 
go  at  the  job  just  as  I  did,  by  digging 


and  prying  and  sweating  around  the 
post.  After  more  than  half  an  hour  of 
the  hardest  kind  of  work  my  ^ather-in- 
law  visited  the  job  and  commented 
quietly  by  saying:  “I  generally  dig  out 
a  post  by  starting  in  at  one  side  and 
digging  a  trench  the  width  of  the  post 
so  that  it  will  extend  from  the  surface, 
two  or  three  feet  away,  down  to  the  bot¬ 
tom  of  the  post,  then  pull  the  post  over 
and  there  you  are.”  I  listened,  with 
sweat  dripping  from  every  pore  and  an¬ 
swered — “Sure,  Father  B,  your  plan  is 
all  right,  but  why  didn’t  you  happen 
around  half  an  hour  ago?”  j.  B.  B. 


Portland  Cement  in  Place  of  Lime. 

G.  P.,  Yaphank,  N.  Y. — Has  anyone  used 
Portland  cement  for  liming  land?  Com¬ 
pared  with  land  lime  by  the  ton  the  price 
is  about  the  same,  but  you  can  buy  cement 
almost  anywhere  near  by,  but  the  lime  has 
to  come  from  a  distance.  Last  year  I  got  a 
barrel  of  lime  for  building  purposes ;  was 
not  lumpy,  but  more  like  grains  of  wheat. 
It  was  very  easy  to  slake.  It  strikes  me 
this  would  be  a  nice  lime  to  apply  to  land ; 
could  be  put  on  the  land  as  it  is,  without 
much  dust,  harrowed  in  and  left  to  the 
soil  to  slake  it. 

Ans. — In  relation  to  the  question 
whether  Portland  cement  can  be  used 
in  place  of  lime,  I  should  under  no  cir¬ 
cumstances  think  of  using  it,  for  it 
would  have  a  bad  effect  upon  the  soil 
under  many  conditions.  The  kind  of 
lime  to  which  G.  P.  refers  was  unques¬ 
tionably  ground  burned  lime.  Some 
manufacturers  grind  it  and  keep  it 
stored  in  large  tanks  so  that  it  is  free 
from  air,  and  yet  it  is  so  fine  that  when 
it  is  worked  into  the  soil  it  would  slake 
there  and  would  require  no  preliminary 
treatment.  H.  j.  wheeler. 

Rhode  Island. 

Clay  vs.  Cement  Tiles. 

E.  B.  C.,  Princess  Anne,  N.  Y. — Which 
would  be  cheaper,  four-inch  clay  tile  at  $18 
per  1,000,  six-inch  at  $30,  or  to  make  ce¬ 
ment  tile,  with  cement  at  $1.85  per  barrel? 
Either  would  have  to  be  hauled  two  miles. 
We  have  plenty  of  good,  sharp  sand  on 
the  place.  I  have  about  30  acres  that  need 
tiling.  I  can  get  a  cement  tile  machine 
with  a  capacity  of  200  tiles  per  day  for 
$12.  What  proportion  of  sand  and  cement 
should  be  used  for  best  success? 

Ans. — With  good  clay  tile  at  the 
prices  named  they ‘would  be  the  cheaper 
for  me.  These  prices  are  about  25  per 
cent,  below  what  we  can  get  the  tiles  we 
are  using  for,  and  that  in  large  quanti¬ 
ties  (about  200,000  last  season  and  this). 
I  know  a  cement  block  manufacturer 
who  says  he  could  not  make  it  pay  to 
make  four-inch  cement  tile  for  $24  per 
1,000.  Suppose  we  juggle  these  figures: 
Clay  tile  at  $18  per  1,000;  a  man.  buys  a 
$12  hand  machine  that  has  a  capacity  of 
200  tile  per  day.  These  represent  $3.60 
in  the  clay  article  and  will  take  about 
one-half  yard  of  sand  and  nearly  a  bar¬ 
rel  of  cement  to  make ;  $2  would  be 
reasonable  for  this ;  this  would  mostly 
go  for  cement  and  leave  a  little  for 
drawing  the  sand.  Now  we  have  $1.6Q 
left  for  a  hard  day’s  work  shoveling 
and  tamping,  and  a  few  weelcs’  fussing 
to  keep  them  moistened  while  they  are 
curing,  and  they  should  have  a  place 


away  from  sun  or  frost  during  the  cur¬ 
ing  period.  Fill  a  three-gallon  pail  with 
sand  and  measure  the  water  it  takes  to 
run  it  over  and  you  will  have  the  pro¬ 
portion.  Grains  of  sand  vary  in  size, 
and  good  concrete  is  insured  by  having 
just  enough  cement  to  fill  the  voids  in 
the  sand.  j.  f.  van  schoonhoven. 


A  Little  Farm  Well  Tilled. 

I  was  interested  in  reading  an  arti¬ 
cle  on  what  can  be  kept  upon  a  country 
place,  and  perhaps  you  will  bo  interested  in 
a  list  of  the  stock  kept  on  my  place  of  11% 
acres,  which  is  as  follows :  A  horse,  three 
cows,  three  pigs  «\ith  two  litters,  100  lens 
and  200  chickens,  40  ducks,  10  geese,  25 
guinea  fowls,  about  three  dozen  pigeons 
raising  squabs,  a  few  turkeys,  a  few  Bel¬ 
gian  hares  and  two  hives  of  oees.  For 
fruit  I  have  aoont  50  apple  trres  *u  good 
bearing  condition  about  35  years  old  ;  also 
about  one  doz  >u  eaen  of  pear,  peaches, 
plums,  quinces  and  chevies,  wth  taspi  <  r- 
ries,  blackberries,  strawberries,  grapes,  rhu¬ 
barb,  asparagus,  chestnut,  walnut,  hazelnut, 
almond,  persimmon  and  all  kinds  of  vege¬ 
tables  thrown  in  to  make  good  measure. 
Also  wo  have  lots  of  flower  gardens,  shrub¬ 
bery  and  trees  and  a  lawn  of  about  an  acre 
or  so.  Sometimes  we  buy  meat  only  once 
a  month  and  our  food  bills  will  not  aver¬ 
age  over  $15  a  month  for  five  adults  and 
three  small  children.  My  grain  bills 
amount  to  $30  a  month,  however,  which 
tells  a  different  story,  although  $45  a 
month  isn’t  expensive  living  “off  the  top  of 
the  land.”  I  do  not  raise  anythiug  to  sell, 
although  as  a  matter  of  fact  we  seil  about 
$250  worth  of  surplus  things  each  year.  I 
have  raised  all  of  these  things  with  success 
except  the  turkeys  and  hares.  1  started 
with  13  little  turkeys  this  Spring,  but  only 
raised  one  of  them  to  about  tne  size  of  a 
hen  when  one  morning  he  disappeared  with¬ 
out  any  notice,  and  I  can  only  think  that 
a  hawk  must  have  gotten  hln..  The  hares 
don’t  seem  to  breed  very  well  in  confine¬ 
ment.  Can  anyone  suggest  a  suitable  meth¬ 
od  of  keeping  the  hares  in  confinement  so 
that  they  will  breed?  While  running  at 
large  they  are  a  nuisance.  I  just  started 
in  with  one  hive  of  bees  this  Spring  and 
saved  the  swarm  and  now  have  two  strong 
hives  and  took  out  about  eight  pounds  of 
honey.  Can  anyone  suggest  anything  which 
I  ought  to  raise  or  grow  which  I  haven’t? 

Connecticut.  s.  n.  d. 

It.  N.-Y. — Under  the  above  heading  we 
would  like  to  print  statements  like  this  of 
what  people  actually  do  on  small  places. 
Do  not  try  to  tell  “big  stories,”  but  give 
facts. 


Tile  Your  Farm  With  a 

Cyclone  Ditching  Machine 

SAVE  its  coil  in  ten  days*  operation. 

This  is  a  big  claim ;  make  us  prove  it 
before  you  settle  for  the  machine. 

We  guarantee  300  rods  of  ditch  per  day 
with  six  horses. 

One  customer  writes  :  '  Saved 
its  cost  in  a  few  days;”  another, 

“Saved  $45  to  $60  per  day;” 
another,  "Saved  $100  in  four 
days;”  another,  “Saved  $200  in 
tiling  12  acres.” 

It  will  do  the  same  for  you.  Don’t  delay — 
don’t  wait  for  contractors — do  your  own  tiling. 

W rite  today  for  catalog 

The  Jeachke  Manufacturing  Co. 
Box  113,  Bellevue,  Ohio 


Preparing  for  Vegetables. 

I  have  a  small  piece  of  ground  40x50, 
Jersey  clay,  now  in  llower  beds  and  grass 
walk.  I  am  going  to  start  and  experiment 
for  vegetables  next  Spring.  What  shall  I 
plant  now?  R-  b. 

What  is  the  experiment  for?  It  may  be 
to  test  different  varieties  or  to  test  the  soil 
for  fertilizers.  To  make  it  as  uniform  as 
possible  we  should  spade  'or  plow  and  sow 
a  mixture  of  vetch  and  rye — at  the  rate  of 
40  pounds  vetch  seed  and  half  a  bushel  of 
rye  per  acre.  Let  this  grow  till  planting 
time  next  Spring,  and  then  plow  or  spade 
under  and  pack  firmly.  Then  plant. 


Raising  Fruits  and  Vegetables. 

Frcm  the  Peanut  Fields  of  VIRGINIA 
To  the  Orange  Groves  of  FLORIDA 

The  6  Sou.  States  traversed  by  S.  A.  L.  Ry. 
offers  special  inducements.  Land  cheap.  Ideal 
climate,  water  plentiful.  Quick  transporta¬ 
tion  to  big  markets.  In  Land  of  Manatee  on 
West  Coast  of  Florida,  raise  2  to  3  crops  a 
yeat — net  $500  to  $1000  per  acre. 

J.  A.  PRIDE,  Gen.  lnd.  Agt, 

Sea-oard  Air  Line  Railway. 

Suite  606  Norfolk,  Va. 


f 

The  Strongest  Rubber  in  the  World 


Don’t  Pay  Tribute 
To  A  Trust. 


RUBBER  BEACON  FALLS  shoSds 

CENTURY  BOOTS 

■  are  made  of  the  strongest  rubber  in  the  world.  They’re  made 
on  honor  by  people  wiio  know  how,  on  a  special  plan  of  construction  that 
experience  has  demonstrated  a  success.  The  duck  vamps  are  made  by 
forcing  the  highest  grade  rubber  into  the  best  quality  of  canvas  duck 
by  powerful  hydraulic  pressure  instead  of  by  hand.  Asa  precaution 
against  cracking  at  tbo  ankle,  we  use  an  extra  ankle  reinforcement 
of  pure  gum,  while  others  use  a  strip  or  doth.  Cloth  is  cheaper. 
Century  Soles  are  made  from  the  toughest  compound  known, 
and  will  outwear  the  soles  of  the  average  rubber  boot  two  to 
one.  Here  wo  reinforced  again  by  running  a  strip  ot  pure  gum  all  the  way 
around  tho  edge  of  tho  so|e,  making  a  connection  so  firm  and  lasting  as  to 
absolutely  prevent  breaking.  It  »  not  easy  to  ten  a  good  rubber  boot  / 

More  / 

'  easy 

_  .  representation  of 

some  smooth  salesman  that  “it’s  just  as  good'  as  tiie  Century  Why  take 
Chances  on  goods  of  doubtful  quality  when  you  can  have  Century  Boots, 
backed  by  years  of  success  a*  no  greater  cost?  it  has  paid  thousanas 
■  ct  people  who  insist  on  having  the  Century  Beaeon  Falls  Rubber 
Footwear  is  “always  tho  best  for  tho  money'  — best  for  wear— best 
tor  style  and  fit.  Ask  your  dealer  for  it.  If 
he  can't  supply  you,  write  ts,  giving  his1 
name.  Wo  will  see  that  you  are  fitted  out. 

Illustrated  booklet  free.  Write  for  It.  |lj 

The  Beacon  Falls  Rubber  Shoe  Co. 


New  York  Chicago 
Boston 


Beacon  Falls 

JD  < 


HARLEY-DAVIDSON 


At  Home 


motorcycles 

are  the  greatest  pleasure  givers  and 
time  and  money  savers  the  farm  ever  knew. 
They  travel  lOmlles  for  a  cent  and  cost  noth¬ 
ing  when  Idle.  The  Harley-Davldson  stock 
machine  has  won  more  competitive  con¬ 
tests  than  any  other  stock  machine  made. 
Send  for  illustrated  booklet.  The  Harley- 
Davldson  on  the  farm.” 

HARLEY-DAVIDSON  MOTOR  CO. 

109  B  St.  Milwaukee, 

Wls. 


WE  SELL  FARMS  in  Oceana,  best  County  in  U.  S. 

Fruit,  Alfalfa,  Grain, Vegetables,  Stock,  Poul¬ 
try.  J.  D.  S.  HANSON  &  SON,  Hart,  Mich. 


with  a  KODAK 

A  beautifully  illustrated  little  book 
on  home  picture  making  that  not 
only  shows  whatj you  can  do  in  picture 
making  by  the  Kodak  system,  but 
shows  how  it  is  done.  Free,  at  your 
Kodak  dealers  or  direct  by  mail. 

EASTMAN  KODAK  CO., 

387  State  St.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 


Virginia] 

Farms 


Buy  a  farm  in  Virginia.  Wo  have 
many  excollent  bargains  in  Grain, 
Stock,  Fruit,  Trucking  and  Poultry 
Farms.  Write  for  list,  describing 
kind  of  farm  you  want. 

VENABLE  &  FORD  ..  .  LYNCHBURG,  VA. 


Comparison  of  the  Distance  Traveled  by  Earth  and  Bell  Telephone  Messages 


The  Orbit  of 

Universal  Service 


In  one  year  the  earth  on  its 
orbit  around  the  sun  travels  584,- 
000,000  miles;  in  the  same  time 
telephone  messages  travel  23,- 
600,000,000  miles  over  the  path¬ 
ways  provided  by  the  Bell  system. 
That  means  that  the  7,175,000,000 
Bell  conversations  cover  a  distance 
forty  times  that  traveled  by  the 
earth. 

When  it  is  considered  that  each 
telephone  connection  includes  re¬ 
plies  as  well  as  messages,  the 
mileage  of  talk  becomes  even 
greater. 


These  aggregate  distances,  which 
exceed  in  their  total  the  limits  of 
the  Solar  system,  are  actually  con¬ 
fined  within  the  boundaries  of  the 
United  States.  They  show  the 
progress  that  has  been  made  to¬ 
wards  universal  service  and  the 
intensive  intercommunication  be¬ 
tween  90,000,000  people. 

No  such  mileage  of  talk  could 
be  possible  in  such  a  limited  area 
were  it  not  that  each  telephone 
is  the  center  of  one  universal 
system. 


American  Telephone  and  Telegraph  Company 

And  Associated  Companies: 

One  Po ticy  One  System  Universal  Service 


084 


THE  RUPiAL  NEW-YORKK.R 


October  7, 


KEEPING  APPLES  IN  CELLAR. 

E.  F.  M.,  Ellsworth,  Me. — What  is  the 
best  method  to  keep  apples  in  cellar,  in 
barrels.  If  so,  with  heads  in,  or  in  bins? 
How  large  bins? 

Ans. — My  experience  and  observation 
is  that  the  cellar  or  storage  house  has 
more  to  do  with  it  than  the  package 
used.  I  have  kept  apples  satisfactorily 
in  both  bins  and  barrels.  I  prefer  to 
put  my  apples  in  barrels,  unheaded,  and 
set  on  end,  two  tiers  high,  setting  the 
top  barrel  so  it  will  squarely  set  on  the 
under  one.  As  I  use  new  barrels,  I 
generally  put  a  whole  head  on  the  upper 
barrels.  It  is  simply  a  matter  of  con¬ 
venience  and  saving  of  work.  Where 
the  orchard  is  quite  a  distance  from  the 
storage  house,  and  large  loads  are  to 
be  carried,  it  might  pay  to  head  in  the 
field  and  store  laying  the  barrels  on  the 
sides,  and  tier  them  up  as  far  as  con¬ 
venient.  Where  a  cellar  is  dry  and 
somewhat  warm  for  apples,  a  colored 
package  is  best.  In  a  moist  and  cool 
storage  place,  viz.,  from  32  to  35  de¬ 
grees,  apples  will  keep  in  good  shape  in 
either  barrels  or  bins.  I  prefer  bins 
not  over  four  feet  wide  and  two  feet 
deep,  and  one  can  be  placed  above  an¬ 
other.  They  are  better  so,  put  together 
that  they  can  be  removed  as  fast  as 
emptied ;  yet  I  should  not  use  bins  when 
I  had  plenty  of  barrels.  Apples,  after 
being  put  into  headed  barrels,  should 
not  be  allowed  to  warm  up  enough  to 
sweat.  My  best  success  has  been  to 
store  as  soon  as  picked,  viz.,  24  hours 
or  so,  and  keep  as  cool  as  possible, 
down  to  30  or  so,  if  possible 26  to  28 
does  not  appear  to  hurt  them  if  not  re¬ 
moved  before  all  frost  is  gone,  but  it 
injures  a  cold  apple  to  expose  it  imme¬ 
diately  to  warm  air,  which  will  cause 
it  to  sweat,  and  should  not  be  packed 
under  such  conditions  for  market. 


the  old  day  hands  has  another  job,  while 
the  Italians  are  in  another  part  of  the 
State  picking  cranberries.  To-day,  Sep¬ 
tember  21.  has  been  spent  in  gathering  and 
marketing  vegetables  and  fruit.  This  morn¬ 
ing  all  hands  helped  get  up  a  load  of  sweet 
potatoes.  Several  rows  of  vines  had  been 
cut  yesterday  afternoon  with  the  patent 
vine-cutter  pulled  by  one  horse  ;  this  enabled 
Mr.  Trucker  to  start  in  at  once  with  two 
horses  and  the  digger.  The  others  followed 
him.  pulling  out  the  loosened  hills  and 
shaking  the  tubers  off  in  conveniently  placed 
heaps.  Potatoes  from  six  rows  were  put 
in  one  row  of  heaps.  After  allowing  them 
to  dry  off  they  were  picked  up  in  20-quart 
baskets.  Two  grades  were  made  for  market 
and  the  very  small  ones  left  for  hog  and 
chicken  feed.  When  100  baskets  were  up 
they  .were  loaded  on  the  wagon  and  taken 
to  the  railroad  station,  two  miles  away, 
by  Trucker  Jr.  and  sold  to  a  dealer.  They 
made  10  4-5  barrels  (fell  short  one  basket 
in  packing),  and  the  price  received  was 
$2.35  a  barrel.  There  being  two  teams 
ahead  it  was  after  12  o’clock  when  Trucker, 
Jr.  got  home.  In  the  meantime  the  men 
were  getting  up  a  mixed  load  of  vegetables 
and  fruit,  this  was  ready  by  3  o’clock,  and 
consisted  of  21  baskets  of  Acme  tomatoes, 
21  baskets  apples,  21  baskets  Kieffer  pears, 
15  baskets  peppers,  seven  baskets  eggplants, 
six  baskets  preserving  citron.  13  baskets 
small  sweet  potatoes,  four  baskets  Lima 
beans,  and  two  baskets  yellow  tomatoes. 
This  load  of  110  baskets  was  hauled  2% 
miles  and  shipped  by  boat  to  a  commission 
house  in  Chester,  Pa.  After  three  o’clock 
the  men  picked  up  small  potatoes  for  feed¬ 
ing  and  made  a  general  squaring  up  in 
preparation  for  a  storm  that  seems  to  be 
brewing.  The  bell  rung  at  six  o’clock  call¬ 
ing  all  hands  from  the  fields.  After  caring 
for  the  stock  they  came  to  the  house  for 
supper.  And.  while  partaking  of  the  good 
things  that  had  been  prepared  by  Mrs. 
Trucker,  they  talked  of  what  has  probably 
been  the  most  important  event  of  the  day, 
namely,  the  installation  of  gas  for  lighting 
and  cooking  purposes.  This  was  made  pos¬ 
sible  by  the  work  of  the  New  Jersey  Gas 
Company.  Their  plant  is  located  at  Glass- 
boro.  and  mains  have  been  laid  to  about 
17  towns  throughout  this  part  of  the  State. 
One  main  follows  the  stone  road  in  front 
of  the  farm  and  Mr.  Trucker,  in  common 
with  other  farmers  along  the  line,  con¬ 
nects  up.  as  he  believes  in  making  things 
as  convenient  as  possible  for  the  good  wife. 
Even  then  the  work  at  times  is  burden¬ 
some  enough.  trucker,  jr. 


Massachusetts.  h.  o.  mead. 


f  Work  on  a  South  Jersey  Truck  Farm. 

During  the  past  month  the  truck  farm 
lias  been  the  scene  of  many  and  varied 

activities.  Gathering  and  marketing  vege¬ 
tables,  together  with  making' the  necessary 
preparations  for  Winter  and  early  Spring 
work,  made  all  hands  hustle.  There  was 
time  for  a  dav  at  the  Grangers’  picnic 

at  Alcvon  Park,  as  well  as  one  or  two 

days  spent  in  visiting  other  farming  sec¬ 
tions,  but  most  of  the  time  all  stayed 

right  by  their  work,  believing  with  Mr. 
Trucker  that  Winter  is  quite  long  enough 
for  vacations. 

The  rainy  time  in  August  was  taken  ad¬ 
vantage  of  and  rye  sowed  for  Winter  cover. 
Rye  is  the  one  reliable  cover  crop  others 
have  been  and  are  being  tried,  but  on  this 
light,  sandy  soil  are  not  dependable,  ■while 
rye  is  almost  always  successful,  not  exact¬ 
ing  as  to  the  time  of  planting  and  is  com¬ 
paratively  cheap.  To  the  present  time  18 
bushels  have  been  sowed.  In  the  cantaloupe 
patch  seed  was  scattered  and  cut  in  with 
the  disk-harrow,  the  tomato  field  was 
plowed  deep,  harrowed  twice  with  the  Acme 
and  rye  scattered  between  the  liarrowings. 
Rye  was  also  sowed  in  fields  now  occupied 
b v  growing  crops,  of  eggplants,  peppers  and 
hush  Limas  by  scattering  ahead  of  the 
harrows  at  the  last  cultivation.  Most  of 
the  land  now  covered  with  rye  will  have 
a  coat  of  manure  spread  over  it  this  Fall ; 
all  to  be  turned  under  next  Spring  for 
truck  crops.  The  10-acre  field  where  sweet 
potatoes  are  being  dug  will  be  sowed,  when 
sweets  are  out,  as  well  as  the  four-acre 
patch  of  watermelons.  Crab  grass  came  up 
thickly  after  the  melon  vines  died,  and  the 
ground  must  be  plowed,  usually  a  good  disk¬ 
ing  is  sufficient.  It  will  require  about  21. 
bushels  to  sow  both  these  fields  as  1% 
bushels  to  the  acre  is  the  usual  amount ; 
and  sowing  can  be  made  here  any  time 
up  to  October  20. 

An  early  frost  this  year  will  find  Mr. 
Trucker  prepared.  Last  year  the  first  kill¬ 
ing  frost  came  October  28,  and  did  little 
damage.  But  one  year  is  no  guide  for 
the  next,  so  this  year  work  is  being  planned 
to  avoid  serious  loss  from  frost,  no  matter 
when  it  may  come.  Tomatoes  will  not  be 
injured  as  the  crop  is  about  off.  For  sev¬ 
eral  years  the  late  tomatoes,  planted  July 
1.  have  not  matured  their  whole  crop,  so 
this  year  planting  was  done  nearly  a  month 
earlier  with  satisfactory  results.  Egg¬ 
plants,  peppers,  Lima  beans,  etc.,  are  being 
picked  as  fast  as  the  fruits  reach  market¬ 
able  size,  so  that  frost  will  get  only  im¬ 
mature  fruits.  The  only  truck  crop  left 
for  the  hurry-up  call  is  Winter  squashes ; 
these  can  be  quickly  hauled  in  the  barn  or 
put  in  piles  and  covered.  Two  years  ago 
frost  came  when  Mr.  Trucker  was  not  pre¬ 
pared.  A  lot  of  late-planted  tomatoes  were 
just  beginning  to  ripen  when  the  cold 
wave  struck.  It  came  one  day  ahead  of 
the  frost,  thus  giving  Mr.  Trucker  some 
warning.  He  had  all  the  large  tomatoes 
picked  (slightly  over  200  baskets)  and 
spread  on  the  greenhouse  benches,  after 
which  sash  were  put  on.  There  was  also 
time  to  gather  the  Winter  squashes,  but 
several  baskets  of  string  beans,  Lima  beans, 
eggplants,  peppers  and  sugar  corn  were  lost 
because  of  lack  of  time  to  gather  them. 
The  tomatoes  put  in  the  greenhouse  were 
not  injured  and  in  the  course  of  three 
weeks  had  ripened  enough  to  market.  There 
was  little  loss  from  rot  although  tomatoes 
were  three  or  four  deep  all  over  the 
benches.  The  small  immature  fruits  picked 
b.v  accident  suffered  worse  from  rot  and 
did  not  ripen  properly.  The  greenhouse  is 
a  simple  affair  used  for  starting  tomato 
plants  in  early  Spring:  ordinary  hotbed 
sash  serve  for  a  roof.  A  cold  frame,  cov¬ 
ered  with  sash,  and  a  layer  of  straw  or 
boards  to  keep  the  tomatoes  off  the  damp 
ground,  would  have  answered  as  well.  The 
working  force  for  the  truck  farm  now  con¬ 
sists  of  three  hired  men,  Mr.  Trucker  and 
Trucker,  Jr.  The  boy  is  in  school,  one  of 


'[jT  There  is  a  \kfj 
yr  warm,  comfort- 
'  able,  healthful  Winter 
ahead  of  the  man  who  buys 


Fleece-Lined  Underwear 

Lambsdown’s  thick,  downy  fleece 
protects  the  body  from  colds  and 
draughts,  and  wards  off  colds  and 
grippe.  Lambsdown  is  good  for  two 
seasons’  wear. 

Made  for  Men  and  Boys 

in  Separate  Garments  and  Union 
Suits  at  50c,  75c  and  up.  Write 
tor  Bodygard  Booklet  Nol 

UTICA  KNITTING  CO. 
Utica  New  York 


GUARD  YOUR  HEALTH  AND  COMFORT 

by  sleeping  under  one  of  our  guaranteed,  all  wool 
bed  blankets;  and  save  the  dealer’s  profit. 
These  blankets  are  made  of  the  finest  and  most 
carefully  selected  wool,  and  are  both  sanitary  and 
attractive.  Write  for  description  of  quality  and 
design. 

N.  Wertheimer  &  Sons, 
Ligonier,  Ind. 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE- 


.  .  .  MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY  .  .  . 

*flre  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Send  for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  “  Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


T  Y0URTIDEA9 


.  ,500  offered  for  one  invention. 
Book  “How  to  Obtain  a  Patent”  and 
What  to  Invent"  sent  free.  Send  rough 
sketch  for  free  report  as  to  patentability. 
Patents  advertised  for  sale  at  our  ex¬ 
pense  in  Manufacturers.  Journals. 

Patent  Obtained  or  Fee  Returned 

CHANDLEE  &  CHANDLEE,  Patent  Att’ys 

Established  16  Years 

^^W^FjJSt^et^Washington^D^k^^^^ 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Natives  digging  and  loading  asphalt  at  Trinidad  Lake 


Genasco  is  the  roofing  of 
the  age.  Its  foundation  has 
stood  for  ages  past. 

It  beats  shingles.  They  warp, 
crack,  split,  and  rot — more  so  now 
than  ever  before  (lumber  is  get¬ 
ting  scarcer,  and  shingle-qualitj' 
is  becoming  poorer  every  year). 

Beats  tin,  which  rusts  and  needs 
painting  regularly.  And  even  with 
paint  tin  doesn’t  last  like  it  used  to 
— quality  has  deteriorated  here, 
also. 

Coal  tar  has  the  same  old  faults 
it  has  always  had — gets  soft  and 
melts  in  the  summer  sun,  and  gets 
brittle  and  cracks  in  the  cold,  and 
leaks. 

Genasco 


the  Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt  Roofing 


is  the  one  roofing  that  lasts.  It  is  made 
of  Nature’s  everlasting  waterproofer. 

Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt  has  withstood 
the  suns  and  storms  of  centuries;  and 
in  Genasco  it  gives  the  same  lasting  re¬ 
sistance  to  sun,  rain,  snow,  wind,  heat, 
cold — and  even  fire. 

The  oily  nature  of  this  natural  asphalt 
keeps  Genasco  alive  and  strong  to  de¬ 
fend  itself;  and  this  is  why  Genasco  is 
lastingly  waterproof. 

The  Kant-leak  Kleet  waterproofs  the 
seams  of  Genasco  without  cement,  and 
prevents  nail-leaks  besides.  It  gives 
the  roof  an  attractive  appearance. 

Ask  your  dealer  for  Genasco  mineral 
or  smooth  surface  Roofings  with  Kant- 
leak  Kleets  packed  in  the  roll.  Guar¬ 
anteed,  of  course.  Write  us  for  samples 
and  the  Good  Roof  Guide  Book. 


The  Barber  Asphalt 
Paving  Company 

Largest  producers  of  asphalt,  and  largest 
manufacturers  of  ready  rooflcg  In  the  world. 

Philadelphia 

New  York  San  Francisco  Chicago 


Cross-section  Genasco 

Stone-surface  Roofing 

Gravel 

Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 

f! 

Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 
Asphalt- saturated  Wool  Felt 

IVy- 


Cheapest  and  best  light  for  homes, 
stores,  factories,  churches  and  public  halls. 
Makes  and  burns  its  own  gas.  Brighter  than 
electricity  oracetylene.  Cheaper  than  kero¬ 
sene.  Over  200  styles.  Agents  wanted. 
Write  for  catalogue. 

-^THE  BEST  LIGHT  CO. 

10 J  E.  5th  St.,  Canton,  O. 


SAVE  HALF  Your 
Paint  Bills 

By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT — proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 
Only  Paint  endorsed  by  the  “Grange. ” 
Made  in  all  colors, — for  all  purposes. 

DELIVERED  FREE. 

From  the  Mill  Direct  to  You  at  Factory  Prices. 

INGERSOLL  PAINT  BOOK  — FREE 

Tells  all  about  Paint  and  Painting  t~r  Durability. 
How  to  avoid  trouble  and  expense  caused  by  paints 
fading,  chalking  and  peeling.  Valuable  information 

free  to  you.  with  Sample  Color  Cards.  Write  me.  DO 
IT  NOW.  I  can  save  you  money. 

0.  W.  Ingersoli,  246  f  ijmouth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 


The  Steel  Roof 


That  Lasts  a  Lifetime 

And  Makes  Money  for  You 
When  Your  Neighbors  See  It 


gles  last  as  long  as  your  building  stands. 
Proved  on  thousands  of  homes  and  farm 
buildings.  That’s  why  thousands  are  tear¬ 
ing  off  old  wood  shingles,  cheap  tile  and  tar 
preparations  and  putting  on  the  everlasting 

Edwards  Interlocking 
“Reo”  Steel  Shingles 

No  wear-on'  tc  them.  No  repair  bills.  Once 
on.  your  roofing  troubles  are  ovor.  You  can  put 
on  Edwards  Interlocking  “Reo”  Steel  Shingles 
so  easilyl  Only  a  hammer  and  nuils  required. 

$10,000  Guaranty  Bond  Against  Lightning 

An  Edwards  Roof  gives  better  protection  to  a 
building  than  any  other  roof  made.  We  agree 
to  refund  every  cent  you  paid  us  if  lightning 
destroys  an  Edwards  Steel-Roofed  Building. 

We  have  a  Special  Cash  Money-Making 
Proposition  for  the  man  who  writes  for  it.  in 
each  community.  Get  your  own  roof  at  the 
lowest  price  and  let  it  make  money  fer  you! 

Write  for  our  big  FREE  Catalog  No.  IliiiiSend 
dimensions  of  your  buildings  and  we  will  quote 
you  cost  of  an  Edwards  Roof— freight  prepaid. 

THE  EDWARDS  MFC.  CO. 

1023-1073  Lock  Street,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Largest  Manufacturers  of  Steel  Hoofing 

Material  in  the  U'ortd.  (54) 


Here’s  the  Corn  Shelter 

You  want 


It’s  only 
$25  at  the 
factory  (a 
little  added 
for  freight) 
and  it  will 
shell  from  120 

_  bushels  to  150 

bushels  an  hour.  Think  of  buying 
a  fine  guaranteed  machine  for  less 
than  half  of  the  price  of  others. 

Has  a  feed  grinding  attachment  for 
about  $11.50  more  that  does  a  regular 
grinder’s  work  —  the  combination  costs 
only  about  $36.00. 

You  can  shell  when  you  please  ;  when  the 
market  is  right. 

Pays  for  itself  in  a  good  two  days  run ;  satisfac¬ 
tion  guaranteed,  5  daystrial.  Write  for  booklet. 

Seager  Engine  Works 

1028  Hazel  Street  Lansing,  Mich. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


This  New  Press  Enables  Hay 
Balers  to  Glean  Up  SIO  a  Day 


With  hay  at  its  present  price  and  a  new  Sandwich  Motor  Press,  any  live  fel¬ 
low  can  clean  up  $10  a  day.  Baling  hay  is  a  delightful  occupation,  and  you  can 
make  more  money  during  the  six  months’  baling  season  than  most  men  make 
in  a  whole  year.  The  few  hundred  dollars  you  invest  in  an  outfit  brings  4  to  8 
times  as  big  returns  as  the  same  amount  put  into  farming  or  a  retail  business. 


The  Motor  Press  is  a  combination  Sandwich 
All-Steel  Belt  Power  Press  and  high-grade  gasoline 
engine.  Complete  und  compact.  Works  like  light¬ 
ning— easy  to  move— always  ready  for  work— no  set¬ 
ting  up  of  engine  required.  Chain  drive.  No  belts 
to  ndjust,  or  lose  power.  Easy  to  start  or  stop  press 
instantly. 


Outfit  of  best,  most  substantial  construction 
throughout.  Steel  press— axles,  wheels  und  plat¬ 
forms  reinforced  throughout.  7  H.  P.  hopper- 
cooled  engine— brake  test.  9  H.  P.  Tank  underneath. 
Equipped  with  batteries  and  magneto,  combination 
seat,  battery  and  tool  box.  and  standard  gasoline 
pump.  If  you  have  engine,  buy  Press  alone.  Any 
standard  hopper-cooled  engine  can  be  used. 


Sandwich  All-Steel  Motor  Press 


This  outfit  bales 
feeder  equipment 
Has  no  condenser  box, 
feeds  direct  from  fork, 
ance  wheels,  no 
complicated  gears, 
no  high  speed  ma¬ 
chinery.  East.sim- 


hour.  Has  self  - 
charge  of  hay. 
foot  tamping— 


Write  for  Free  Book 
on  Hay  Baling 


.  .  _  _  yc  _  _ 

smaller  outfit  — one  less  expensive  and  having  ca¬ 
pacity  of.  6ay  V/i  tons  per  hour,  we  can  furnish  it. 
nsiug  either  a  4  or  6  H.  P.  gasoline  engine. 

VVe  make  presses  with  or  without  engines — 
wood  frame  and  steel  frame,  horse  power  ami 
engine  power,  in  ull  sizes  up  to 
5-ton  per  hour  capacity. 

Drop  us  a  Hue  today  for  new 
book,  about  the  Astounding 
Profits  in  Hay  Haling.  Let  us 
tell  you  more  about  this  wonder¬ 
ful  Sandwich  Motor  Press. 

Sandwich  Mfg.Co. 

Spruce  St ,  Sandwich,  111. 


1911. 


THE  RUKAh  NEW-YORKER 


985 


Concrete  Floor  and  Furnace. 

A.  C .,  Darien  Center,  N.  Y. — 1.  In  put¬ 
ting  down  a  cement  floor,  three  inches  thick, 
in  a  basement,  to  be  used  as  a  horse  and 
cow  stable,  should  you  first  make  the  floor 
two  inches  thick  and  then  put  on  the  top 
coat  one  inch  thick,  the  last  inch  made  of 
a  finer  grade  of  gravel  and  sand,  or  should 
the  whole  thickness  be  put  down  at  one 
time?  2.  Would  a  furnace  (to  be  used  to 
make  maple  syrup)  made  of  cement  stand 
the  heat?  If  so,  in  what  proportion  should 
the  gravel,  sand  and  cement  be  mixed,  and 
how  thick?  Should  any  stone  be  used?  I 
could  get  brick  enough  to  make  the  arch. 
Would  a  brick  furnace  stand  the  heat  if 
properly  constructed? 

Ans.  1.  I  would  recommend  put¬ 
ting  the  floor  down  three  inches  thick 
all  at  the  same  time,  using  just  as  good 
material  for  the  bottom  as  you  would 
at  the  top.  I  never  had  much  faith 
in  a  weak  and  poorly  constructed  base 
veneered  with  a  thin  coat  of  rich  shiny 
cement,  and  as  I  have  seen  the  results 
of  that  method  of  cementing  I  now 
have  no  faith  in  it  at  all  except  where 
the  work  is  not  intended  for  hard 
usage  and  the  rich  coat  is  put  on  to 
make  it  more  pleasing  to  the  eye,  or  to 
make  the  job  waterproof,  etc.  My 
reasons  for  recommending  an  equal 
proportion  for  bottom  as  well  as  top 
are  that  the  top  coat  put  on  with  a 
good  material  rich  in  cement,  will  be¬ 
come  very  hard  and  probably  brittle, 
and  the  constant  tramping  of  the  stock 
would  be  likely  to  loosen  it  from  the 
weaker  mixture  underneath.  Then 
your  top  coat  will  begin  to  break  away, 
simply  because  the  bottom  is  of  poor 
quality.  It  would  look  just  as  reason¬ 
able  to  me  to  advise  you  to  splice  a 
No.  9  and  a  No.  16  gauge  fence  wire 
together  to  make  the  16  gauge  stronger. 

2.  I  think  a  cement  furnace  would 
stand  the  heat  all  right  if  made  a  little 
large  and  roomy,  so  the  walls  were  not 
burned  too  severely,  but  I  would  not 
use  gravel,  as  the  stones  are  liable  to 


crack  and  burst  if  heated  extremely 
hot.  Use  a  mixture,  one  of  cement, 
two  sand,  two  coal  ashes,  that  have 
been  burned  to  a  cinder. 

W.  A.  BANGS. 

Clarifying  Cider. 

M.  £>.,  Morgansville,  N.  J. — Let  me  know 
how  I  can  purify  cider.  We  have  been 
making  some,  and  it  always  gets  cloudy. 

Ans. — This  trouble  may  be  largely 
avoided  by  sorting  all  decayed  apples  out 
of  the  cider  stock,  and  thorough  strain¬ 
ing  of  the  juice  before  putting  in  the 


cask.  In  the  process  of  “working”  a  large 
part  of  the  vegetable  matter  will  come 
to  the  surface,  but  much  of  this  may  be 
removed  at  once  by  filtering  through 
several  thicknesses  of  cloth.  Another 
method  of  clarifying  is  to  put  1)4 
ounce  of  isinglass  into  each  barrel.  This 
is  dissolved  in  a  pint  of  warm  cider  and 
when  cold  poured  into  the  barrel,  stir¬ 
ring  thoroughly.  Let  stand  for  a  week 
and  then  draw  into  another  vessel  with  a 
siphon,  without  disturbing  the  bottom. 

“These  Summer  boarders  are  hard 
to  please.”  “What’s  the  matter  now?” 
“They’re  kicking  because  I  ain’t  got  no 
field  of  shredded  wheat  to  show  ’em.” — 
Washington  Herald. 


CONSUMER’S  DOLLAR. 

Co-operative  Stock  Buying  in  Nebraska. 

Some  time  ago  we  told  how  the  Com¬ 
mercial  Club  of  Norfolk,  Nebraska,  was 
buying  Belgian  horses  for  local  farmers. 
The  club  is  already  extending  their  co¬ 
operative  stock  buying  operations.  They 
are  now  selling  Belgian  mares  at  cost  all 
over  the  State,  and  expect  to  include  sheep 
and  cattle  this  Fall. 

Picture  of  a  Market  Rig. 

With  this  rig  we  dispose  of  our  butter, 
eggs,  cheese,  poultry,  etc.,  to  regular  cus¬ 
tomers  in  Trenton,  N.  J.,  every  Friday ;  in 
winch  way  we  get  the  consumer’s  dollar ;  no 
35  cents  for  us.  Our  farm  contains  140 
acres,  hilly  and  stony,  but  sure.  We  have 


12  grade  Jerseys  that  we  are  very  proud  of, 
four  heifers  and  one  registered  bull  (having 
raised  them  all)  :  55  hogs,  some  of  them 
registered  Berkshires ;  25  sheep,  four  horses, 
two  colts  and  a  big  flock  of  chickens.  I 
forget  to  mention  the  young  stock  in  the 
house ;  four  head  as  fine  as  we  ever  saw ; 
no  redheads,  but  three  towheads  and  lots  of 
freckles.  '  A.  kogees. 

Hunterdon  Co.,  N.  J. 

Cost  of  an  Acre  of  Onions. 

Make  the  plowing  and  harrowing,  all 
the  fitting  for  the  crop,  a  little  better  than 
is  necessary.  One  and  one-half  tons  high- 
grade  fertilizer  cost  $35  to  $38  per  ton ; 
four  pounds  the  best  selected  onion  seed 
cost  $1.25  to  $1.35  a  pound;  sowing,  weed¬ 
ing  and  care  for  the  crop,  putting  in  sacks, 
weighing,  sewing  sacks,  from  $60  to  $80 ; 
cost  of  drawing  to  cars,  2%  cents  per 
bushel.  The  sacks  are  furnished  by  the 
person  who  buys  the  onions  and  hold  100 
pounds,  or  two  bushels.  The  returns  per 


acre  of  onions,  yield  500  to  600  and  over 
bushels  large  onions ;  they  are  sold  from  50 
cents  to  60  cents  per  bushel  on  cars  in  Oc¬ 
tober.  The  few  bushels  small  onions  are 
sold  at  half  price.  There  were  over  500 
acres  grown  in  the  town  of  Sunderland  in 
1910.  There  were  2,500  acres  (1910) 
grown  in  the  valley  here,  three  towns  on 
the  west  side  of  the  Connecticut  River  and 
the  three  towns  on  the  east  side  of  the  river. 

Sunderland,  Mass.  t.  l.  c. 

Retailers  Combining. 

This  comes  from  the  Waterbury  (Conn.) 
American ; 

“Down  in  New  Haven  there  is  a  move¬ 
ment  on  foot  among  the  retail  grocers  to 
combine  for  the  purpose  of  getting  better 
prices  from  the  farms  and  truck  gardeners, 
and  possibly  the  meat  dealers.  Their  rea¬ 
sons,  they  say,  are  the  indifference  and  arbi¬ 
trariness  of  these  purveyors  of  food  supplies 
to  constant  patronage  and  prompt  payments 
in  making  concessions  on  prices,  or  even  in 
consenting  to  maintain  one  price  for  all 
consumers.” 

You  see  the  scheme  is  for  all  hands  to 
combine  so  as  to  “get  better  prices  from 
the  farmers.”  That  means  cut  the  farmers 
down.  Why  do  not  these  local  papers  advo- 
cate'city  markets  and  direct  trade  with  con¬ 
sumers? 

We  are  a  little  over  30  miles  from  Cleve¬ 
land  by  wagon  road.  With  poultry,  the  rule 
among  buyers  is  to  pay  three  cents  less 
than  the  market  quotations.  At  present 
fowls  are  quoted  at  wholesale  in  Toledo 
at  14  to  17  cents,  which  would  give  the 
farmer  11  cents  for  fowls  and  14  cents  for 
chickens.  Of  course  the  consumer  would 
pay  18  to  22  cents ;  as  for  eggs  they  are 
handled  on  a  closer  margin.  To-day  the 
consumer  will  pay  about  25  cents  per  dozen, 
while  the  producer  gets  18  cents.  As  for 
berries,  one  of  my  neighbors  raised  about 
75  bushels ;  when  ho  got  eight  cents  per 
quart  the  consumer  paid  12  cents.  e.  b. 

Farming  Both  Sides  of  the  Equator. 

A  steamer  sailing  from  New  York,  Sep¬ 
tember  20,  for  South  America,  took  the 
first  delegation  of  what  may  bo  a  large 
emigration  of  Italians,  to  work  through  the 
Argentine  farming  season,  which  is  ex¬ 
actly  the  reverse  of  ours.  Farm  work  in 
Argentina  begins  in  October  and  ends  in 
March,  and  there  is  great  demand  for  la¬ 
borers  at  profitable  prices.  As  many  as 
20,000  Italians  have  gone  there  from  Italy 
alone  in  previous  seasons,  but  this  year,  be¬ 
cause  of  cholera  danger,  Italian  ships  have 
been  quarantined  at  Argentine  ports.  Many 
of  those  who  leave  New  York  to  spend  our 
Winter  in  farming  south  of  Capricorn  are 
expected  to  return  in  April,  making  pretty 
near  a  continuous  performance  of  farm 
work. 


Vetch  and  Wheat. — I  enjoy  the  paper 
very  much,  and  am  especially  interested  in 
the  articles  on  vetch,  as  I  am  a  great  be¬ 
liever  in  it.  I  have  planted  it  for  years 
with  wheat  for  hay,  and  after  that  crop  is 
off  I  sow  cow  peas.  It  certainly  makes 
lots  of  hay  from  a  small  area,  and  hay  here 
in  the  South  is  quite  an  item.  w.  t.  l. 

Tyron,  N.  C. 


MARKET  WAGON  READY  FOR  TRIP.  Fig.  393. 


FREE 


this  real  leather  bill  fold 
for  the  Head  of  the  Farm 


( Not  for  boys — they're  all  right  and  their  turn 
will  come  latei — but  this  is  for  the  boss J 

Thousands  of  farmers  will  buy  gasoline  engines  this  Fall  and  Winter. 
I  want  to  get  in  direct  and  personal  touch  with  every  one  of  them,  as 
I  want  them  to  know  about  the  Olds  Engine. 

If  you  are  going  to  buy  an  engine,  or  are  thinking  about  it,  you  ought  to  know  what  an 
Olds  Engine  will  do  for  you.  I  want  to  tell  you  about  them — 
give  you  just  the  information  you  want — so  if  you  will  fill  out  the 
coupon  below  (or  write  me  a  letter)  saying  what  size  engine  you 
want,  whether  portable  or  stationary,  and  when  you  expect  to  need 
one,  without  asking  you  to  make  any  promise  or  obligating  you 
in  any  way,  I  will  send  you  absolutely  free  this  genuine  calfskin 
bill  fold,  stamped  with  your  name  in  gold  letters. 

It  will  hold  fifteen  hills  easily.  When  folded  it  will  go  in 
a  small  pocket.  It  is  very  convenient,  handsome  and  useful; 
will  last  a  lifetime.  Has  no  advertisement  on  it. 


OLDS 


GASOLINE 

ENGINES 


are  known  the  world  over  and  used  by  farmers  everywhere.  They  are  the  most  satis¬ 
factory  engine  made  for  farm  work.  I  guarantee  them  to  do  all  we  say  they  will — you 
to  be  the  judge.  Ask  any  man  who  has  an  Olds  Engine.  He  will  tell  you. 

We  also  make  complete  electric  light  and  water  systems  especially  for  farms. 

W rite  for  our  prices  on  corn  shellers,  corn  buskers,  feed  grinders  and  cream  separators. 

If  you  are  going  to  buy  an  engine,  put  a  check  mark  (X)  in  the  place  showing  the  size  and  styl e 
engine  you  want,  and  when  you  expect  to  need  it,  and  mail  to  me  personally  at  once.  Address  me 
as  below. 


BRANCHES 

1007  Farnam  St. 

Omaha,  Neb. 

2112  Central  St. 

Kansas  City,  Mo. 


J.  B.  SEAGER,  Gen.  Mgr. 

Seager  Engine  Works 

908  Walnut  St.,  Lansing,  Mich. 


BRANCHES 

102  N.  Los  Angeles  St. 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

65C  Beverly  St. 

Boston,  Mass. 


To  make  quick  deliveries,  I  also  have  a  complete  stock  of  engines  and  parts  in  warehouses  at 
Houston,  Tex.  Atlanta,  Ga.  Decatur,  111.  Lexington,  Miss.  Cairo,  Ill.  Minneapolis,  Minn.  Binghamton,  N.Y.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

NOTICE — If  you  prefer,  write  to  my  nearest  branch,  and  if  I  am  not  there, 
my  personal  representative  will  attend  to  it. 


Cut  or  tear  off  here 


Seager  Engine  Works,  Lansing,  Mich. 

Send  me  full  particulars  about  the  following  engine.  It 
is  understood  that  I  do  not  obligate  myself  in  any  way  by 
asking  for  this  information. 

Style  wanted :  Portable  Stationary 

Horse  Power  wanted:  1)4  3  4)4  6  8  12  15  20 

Expect  to  need  itj:  Sept.  Oct.  Nov.  Dec.  Jan. 


Name.. 


Town . R.  F.  D. 


County . . . State . 

Sign  name  plainly,  just  the  way  you  want  it  on  bill  fold. 

908 


the;  rural  new-vorker 


October  7, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


Keeping  Corn  Fodder. — I  suppose 
this  question  is  in-  the  minds  of  10,000 
readers : 

What  would  be  the  best  way  to  store 
cornstalks  for  feed  of  cows  for  Winter,  not 
having  any  silo?  P.  K- 

Connecticut. 

Of  course  you  understand  that  I 
never  describe  any  model  plans.  We 

just  tell  what  is  done  here.  Our  fodder 
corn  is  now  being  cut.  We  tie  it  in 
small  shocks  or  bundles  and  set  them  up 
straight,  with  the  tops  closely  tied  to 
shed  rain.  These  shocks  remain  in  the 
field  until  about  the  middle  of  Novem¬ 
ber.  Selecting  a  dry  spell,  we  haul  and 
set  them  straight  up  on  top  of  the  hay 
in  the  mows.  It  is  better  to  set  them 
up  straight  rather  than  to  pile  them  flat. 
Should  there  be  too  many  to  put  in  the 
barn  we  make  a  temporary  shed  out¬ 
doors.  Fix  a  stout  pole  about  four  feet 
above  ground  and  lean  the  bundles  of 
fodder  against  it  on  either  side.  This 
makes  an  inverted  V-shaped  pile  with  a 
chance  for  air  to  work  through  the  cen¬ 
ter.  A  rough  roof  of  slabs  or  frames 
of  building  paper  will  keep  off  rain. 

The  secret  of  utilizing  dry  corn  fodder 
is  to  begin  feeding  it  early.  We  shall 
begin  in  October— one  feed  per  day  for 
the  horses  and  as  soon  as  the  Cows  need 
anything  but  pasture.  This  saves  the 
hay  for  later  feeding  and  uses  the  fod¬ 
der  while  it  is  fresh.  We  formerly 
made  the  mistake  of  keeping  the  fodder 
until  January  or  February.  It  does  not 
pay.  heed  it  out  early  and  save  hay  for 
late  Winter.  Where  a  man  has  no  silo 
he  can  if  he  likes  make  a  good  imitation 
silage.  The  dry  stalks  are  run  through 
a  cutter  into  a  vat  or  barrel.  Boiling 
water  is  poured  over  them  and  the 
whole  thing  tightly  covered  and  left  12 
hours  or  so.  If  one  had  steam  power  a 
jet  of  steam  would  answer.  This  soft¬ 
ens  the  stalks  and  really  gives  a  fair  imi¬ 
tation  of  silage.  As  between  cutting 
and  shredding  the  dry  stalks  we  prefer 
the  latter.  The  big  hard  stalks  when 
cut  have  sharp  edges,  which  often 
wound  the  mouth  of  a  horse.  There  is 
less  trouble  with  cattle.  Our  flint  corn 
gives  a  slender  stalk,  which  is  eaten 
whole  without  trouble. 

Poisonous  Weeds.— I  give  the  follow¬ 
ing  incident  to  show  how  careful  we 
should  be  in  giving  general  advice.  A 
man  in  Connecticut  wrote  in  great 
trouble  to  say  that  several  head  of  cat¬ 
tle  had  been  killed  by  eating  such  com¬ 
mon  weeds  as  redroot,  purslane  and  pig¬ 
weed.  This  man  said  he  cut  these  weeds 
in  a  garden,  wilted  them  and  fed  to' 
cows.  The  cows  sickened  and  some  of 
them  died.  The  man  at  once  assumed 
that  these  weeds  developed  a  poison 
while  wilting  and  that  this  killed  the 
cows.  Now  we  have  fed  these  weeds 
to  stock  again  and  again,  but  never  had 
any  trouble.  Hogs  and  sheep  in  par¬ 
ticular  are  very  fond  of  such  growth. 
So  before  printing  the  note  we  sent  to 
the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  at 
Washington.  This  is  what  they  say : 

You  are  advised  that  it  is  customary  for 
dairymen  to  feed  purslane,  redroot  and  pig 
weed  to  their  stock  without  regard  to  the 
quantity.  This  practice  has  been  in  vogue 
many  years,  and  no  harmful  results  have 
been  brought  to  the  notice  of  this  Bureau. 

In  these  cases  plants  in  all  degrees  of  ma¬ 
turity  and  of  drying  have  been.  used.  Since 
your  correspondent  cut  the  weeds  of 
which  he  complains  from  a  garden  patch,  it 
is  very  possible  that  the  fatalities  which  he 
records  were  caused  by  poisons  used  in 
spraying  vegetables  or  fruit  trees,  and  not 
by  the  weeds  named.  J.  a.  moiiler. 

So  there  you  are.  No  doubt  about 
the  fact  that  thousands  of  tons  of  these 
weeds  are  annually  cut  into  silos  and  fed 
out  without  injury.  I  believe  in  doing 
justice  even  to  a  weed.  It  does  not 
seem  possible  that  these  weeds  alone 
killed  the  cows. 

The  Fall  Crows. — Here  is  a  chance 
for  some  friend  of  the  crow ; 

Will  you  inform  us  what  to  do  to  keep 
the  crows  out  of  our  corn  ?  They  strip  the 
ears  and  pick  at  the  kernels.  We  have 
placed  a  scarecrow  high  above  the  corn,  but 
they  come  the  same  as  ever,  in  flocks  of  10 
end  12.  The  corn  patch  is  quite  some  dis¬ 
tance  from  the  house.  G.  m.  s. 

Connecticut. 

I  hardly  know  what  to  advise.  What 
Eort  of  a  “scarecrow”  have  you?  The 
best  one  is  a  toy  windmill  of  bright 
colors  with  a  piece  of  thin  wood  or 
steel  fixed  so  it  will  clap  or  slap  as  the 
mill  turns  around.  This  noise  will 
scare  the  crows.  Bright  pieces  of  tin 
hanging  in  strings  will  make  them  shy 


in  daytime.  If  you  can  catch  a  live 
crow  in  a  trap  fasten  his  leg  to  a 
small  chain  and  the  other  end  of  the 
chain  to  a  tall  stake ;  the  cries  of  this 
captive  will  scare  off  lus  friends.  A 
few  dead  crows  hung  up  by  the  heels 
in  plain  view  would  help.  So  would 
two  or  three  nervous  dogs  tied  to  long 
ropes  in  various  parts  of  the  field.  But 
let  our  crow  brothers  tell  us ! 

Home  and  Farm. — I  came  home  the 
other  night  to  find  two  small  boys  lined 
up  with  some  great  question  in  mind. 
Perhaps  you  have  seen  people  before 
now  who  have  some  great  favor  to  ask 
and  yet  dread  to  get  it  out.  The  pleas¬ 
ures  of  anticipation  beat  the  fact  of 
failure  all  to  pieces.  The  little  redhead 
waited  until  he  saw  me  feating  my  baked 
apple,  and  then  he  came  with  his  great 
request — while  the  towhead  stood  like 
a  committee  behind  a  spokesman.  It 
seemed  that  a  neighbor  had  given  these 
little  boys  a  mongrel  puppy,  and 
Mother  had  told  them  they  must  ask  me 
if  they  could  keep  him.  This  putting  it 
up  to  father  is  an  old  refuge  which 
many  of  us  are  familiar  with.  I  am  no 
dog  man.  This  puppy  seems  to  carry 
the  blood  of  several  breeds — all  strug¬ 
gling  for  dominance  and  losing  most 
of  their  power  in  the  struggle.  He 
shows  some  collie  blood,  and  little  Red¬ 
head  was  wise  enough  to  tell  me  that  the 
puppy  might  grow  up  like  old  Shep — 
who  lies  buried  under  the  apple  tree.  I 
looked  at  these  eager  little  faces  a  mo¬ 
ment,  and  remembered  how  much  the 
love  of  a  cat  or  dog  may  mean  to  a 
child.  So  I  told  them  they  could  keep 
the  mongrel,  and  there  was  much  danc¬ 
ing  and  delight.  Then  I  had  to  go  out 
and  see  the  famous  animal  tucked  away 


in  his  basket  for  the  night.  I  now  have 
a  chance  to  get  a  terrier  of  a  famous 
rat-hunting  strain,  so  we  promise  to  be 
well  supplied  with  dogs.  The  little  boys 
have  agreed  to  pay  the  taxes  on  their 
puppy.  Well,  when  I  was  a  boy  I  was 
not  permitted  to  keep  a  little  dog  or 
any  other  pet  except  a  hen  or  calf  that 
was  to  be  killed  and  eaten.  I  have  al¬ 
ways  wished  I  could  have  had  a  pet 
which  meant  nothing  on  earth  but  love 
and  confidence.  ...  As  you  know, 
we  are  rye  cranks  at  Hope  Farm.  I 
fully  believe  in  this  rough  and  ready 
grain.  It  will  grow  under  the  hardest 
conditions  and  make  a  great  lot  of 
straw  to  plow  under  or  cut.  This  year 
in  particular  it  was  too  dry  to  sow  or¬ 
dinary  cover  crops  in  August.  So  we 
let  the  weeds  grow.  Now  they  can  be 
disked  under  and  rye  scattered  and 
harrowed  in.  It  will  make  a  fine 
growth.  After  potato  digging  a  spring- 
tooth  harrow  will  smooth  down  and 
gather  the  weeds  and  vines.  These  may 
be  hauled  out  for  mulching,  rye  scat¬ 
tered  over  the  field  and  harrowed  in. 
In  part  of  our  young  orchard  we  grew 
fodder  corn  in  drills.  This  fodder  is 
cut  and  shocked  along  the  rows.  Then 
rye  is  scattered  over  the  ground  and  a 
cultivator  started  back  and  forth.  With 
such  rough  seeding  the  rye  will  make  a 
good  growth.  I  do  not  know  of  any 
other  crop  which  can  be  seeded  so  eas¬ 
ily  and  with  such  little  work.  Of 
course  rye  does  not  add  any  plant  food 
to  the  soil,  but  it  adds  a  good  quality  of 
organic  matter,  and  prevents  great  loss 
of  plant  food  in  the  Fall.  We  can  seed 
rye  for  three  weeks  yet  and  get  a  fair 
crop.  I  would  by  all  means  keep  put¬ 
ting  it  in  even  with  rough  harrowing. 

H.  w.  c. 


Pittsburgh) 


« 


White  Lead  on  the  Farm 

Weather  Insurance 

You  insure  your  farm  buildings 
against  fire,  yet  there  may  never 
be  a  bit  of  damage  done  by  fire. 

How  about  weather  insurance? 
Are  your  buildings  protected 
against  the  assaults  of  rain,  snow 
and  frost  that  are  sure  to  come? 
Paint  made  of 

'Dutch  Boy  Painter” 

Pure  White  Lead 

and  pure  linseed  oil  offer  perfect  protection.  The 
weather  simply  can’t  get  through  to  start  its  de¬ 
structive  work.  Good  white  lead  paint  gets  into 
every  pore  and  seam,  and  holds  like  a  nail.  It 
sticks  and  wears  as  no  other  paint  does. 

Our  Free  Painting  Helps.  We  will  send  you 
free,  on  request,  color  schemes  and  miscellaneous 
painting  instructions  that  you  will  find  of  real, 
practical  value.  Ask  for  Helps  3108, 

NATIONAL  LEAD  COMPANY 

New  York  Cleveland  Chicago 
St.  Louis  Boston  Buffalo 
Cincinnati  San  Francisco 

(John  T.  T-cwia  V  Bros.  Co. 
Philadelphia) 

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FARMS  WANIED  11,1 " 


Farm  with  Us 


We  have  a  number  of  earnest  people  with  moder¬ 
ate  means  wishing  to  bny  good,  productive  farms 
costing  between  $2,000  and  $4,000,  with  or  without 
stock,  within  a  radius  of  200  miles  of  New  York 
City.  Ours  is  a  philanthropic  organization,  and  we 
make  no  charge  to  buyer  or  seller.  Rock  bottom 
prices  must  therefore  tie  quoted.  Send  for  blank. 
THE  JEWISH  AGRICULTURAL  AND  INDUS¬ 
TRIAL  AID  SOCIETY,  177  Second  Ave.,  New  York. 


A  THOUSAND  DOLLARS.  we  '¥m  8a2!’  is  your  yeafJy ainc?mAa .M?y5s  irs  $600  or  $800  or  $2000-but  $I000  will  do  for  an  ex- 

That  means  eann  -To  ar" P1®-  Now  suppose  that  out  of  this  $1000  you  spend  $600  in  a  year  and  put  $400  in  the  bank 

ttat  a!lL*uJ^25Xey?uita,t  ^'".9  ‘Jl6  necessities  of  life  in  an  economical  way  like  2,000,000  other  people  are  doinq.  Suppose 


figure.  We  gK _ _ _ _ _  „„„ 

o.wJSn  THESE  BOOKS  we  offer  you  the  opportunity  to- 

?FA y 0 u20tr ARD £ EeNlseT# h5er!R  cent  of  the  money  you  must  spend 

We  guarantee  every  article  we  sell  to  give  you  full  satisfaction.  Without  dis¬ 
pute,  without  question,  we  will  take  It  back  at  our  own  expense,  if  it  does  not,  and 
refund  your  money  or  make  any  fair  exchange  or  adjustment 


people  are  doing.  Suppose 
you  can  cut  one-third  off  of 
ch  contain  the  articles  you 
and  the  quality  of  our  mer- 
each  article  to  the  lowest 


The  New  Furniture  Book 

You  will  enjoy  this 
book.  It  is  crowded 
from  cover  to  cover 
with  attractive  offers 
that  will  delight  you. 
A  couple  of  pretty 
chairs  or  an  attrac¬ 
tive,  substantial 
couch  will  make  a 
home  much  more 
comfortable. 

iniwiumg  Whatever  you  need, 
from  the  kitchen 
fT/iViiiilVwl  table  up  to  the  furni¬ 
ture  for  the  guest 
chamber,  you  will  find  just  what  you 
want  in  the  pages  of  this  Furniture 
Book.  You  have  read  of  our  economical 
business  methods.  They  enable  ns  to 
sell  you  furniture  at  prices  that  often 
mean  a  saving  to  you  of  50  per  cent  on 
what  you  had  intended  to  pay  to  the 
retail  dealer.  Your  copy  is  waiting  for 
you.  Let  us  send  it  today.  Ask  for  book 
number  7. 

Carpets  and  Rugs  at  Factory  Prices 

A  new  carpet  or  perhaps  a  rug  will 
brighten  up”  that  room  you  think  does 
not  look  quite  inviting  or  cozy  enough. 
Don’t  imagine  you  can’t  afford  one.  Our 
carpet  and  rug  catalogue,  book  No.  15 
contains  some  price  surprises  for  you. 


MONTGOMERY  WARD  &  CO- 

Chicago  Avenue  Bridge  19th  and  Campbell  Sts. 

CHICAGO  KANSAS  CITY 

Send  Coupon  below  to  Nearer  Address 


•SPEND 

IN  THE  NIGHT  PLACE 
and  will  bring  you 

AS  HOCH  AS  THIS 
WOULD  IAI  THE 
WRONG-  PARKE? 


HERE  IS  A  BOOK  THAT  WILL  | 

Save  1-2  Ol 
Your  GRO¬ 
CERY  Money 


A  Saving  on  Clothing 

A  well  dressed  man  or  woman  makes  a  splendid  impression 
everywhere.  Good  clothes  are  a  recommendation  in  them¬ 
selves.  •Clothes  do  not  make  the  man”  the  old  saving  goes, 
but  we  all  know  they  often  help  a  lot.  It  is  easy  to  be  well 
dressed  and  not  expensive  either.  Let  our  new  clothing  book 
show  you  how  to  dress  well  at  a  small  expense.  It  brings  right 
into  your  home  a  wonderful  collection  of  clothes,  weaves,  pat¬ 
terns,  and  colors  from  which  to  select. 

Every  style  is  new,  nobby  and  up-to-date.  Remember  it  costs 


you  nothin*'' to  get ’this  "book?  better  have'  us  mail 'you  one 
xoaay.  The  women  s  book  is  No,  30.  the  men’s  book  is  No.  33. 


.  The  Grocery  List 
is  a  mighty  interest¬ 
ing  little  catalogue. 

You’re  going  to 
spread  it  out  under 
the  lamp  and  turn  its 
pages  and  just  de¬ 
light  in  com  [taring  the  money-saving 
prices  it  quotes,  with  the  high  prices 
that  small  dealers  ask.  Before  you  know 
it  you  II  have  your  pencil  out  figuring 
np  how  many  Christmas  presents  you  can  , 
bny  with  the  money  you  saved  on  your 
grocery  bills.  But  the  thing  that’s  going  ! 
to  give  you  real  satisfaction  is  this:  For 
less  money  you  nro  getti  ng  better  qual- 
ltv  and  more  food!  Then,  of  course, 
y  ou  know  that  everything  is  so  clean  and 
pure  and  absolutely  reliable. 

Ihe  number  of  the  Grocery  Book  is  11. 

„„When  we  rece,ve  your  request  we  will  put 
oni  “u,r  mai,in9  “St  to  receive  the 
new  Grocery  List  every  two  months 


Save  Enough  on  Winter  Farm 
Necessities  to  Clothe  the  Family 

A  feed  cooker— a  good  one — that’s  what  you  need  this  winter. 
Perhaps  you  stand  more  in  need  of  a  tank  heater  or  an  incubator  or  u 
brooder  or  some  other  winter  farm  necessity. 

Whatever  you  need,  we  have  it.  We  carry  a  big  variety  of  every 
farm  necessity.  The  prices  on  these  are  of  course  the  very  lowest 
just  as  they  are  on  all  the  rest  of  our  merchandise.  Send  for  book  8. 


— - - W  — V.VIJ  inu  IIIUHUI3. 

Stoves  at  1-2  the  Usual  Cost 

1  isi'si  ai "“>■  *  *>*•  -  Wiri-js 

In  the  morning  you’ll  be  glad  that  you  thought  about  gettimr  that 

|  mu^haKv°eiat^,!)range.thi8  Y°U  mu8t  ha™  a  BOod  You 

beeneprlnfterdb00k  N°’  23,  °Ur  “eW  Stove  and  1{ung0  Book  that  has  just 


Check  the  Book  You  Want 

Let  us  show  you,  free  of  all  cost,  how  you  can  save 
money  on  everything  you  buy  to  eat  or  wear  or  use  in 
any  way. 

Send  Coupon  to  Nearer  Address 

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19th  and  Campbell  Sts.  Chicago  Avenue  Bridge 
KANSAS  CITY  CHICAGO 

Please  send  to  my  address  below  the  books  I  havo  i 
checked  absolutely  free  of  cost. 


This  Book  Is  for  Mothers 

and  everything  else  the  baby  needs.  Beds  and  cribs  go-carts  Wlir-w-1”1!88- 
rattles- -well,  you’ll  just  be  delighted  when  you  see  it  ’  aieh  chairs-  toys. 

And  everything  is  so  reasonable!  Without  even  knowing  it  vnn  will  w  i 
everything  for  baby  and  have  a  neat  sum  left-maybe  enough  to  m  v  n  aye  bot?gh£ 

shoes,  or  to  “put  away  for  a  rainv  day."  y  enough  to  buy  a  rug  or  a  pair  of 

The  "Baby  Book"  is  a  beautiful  book.  You’ll  like  it.  The  number  is  27. 


1  Paints 

2  Pianos 
8  Organs 
4  Trunks 
6  Roofing 

6  Vehicles 

7  Furniture 

8  Incubators 

9  Wall  Paper 

10  Typewriters 

11  Grocery  List 

12  Feed  Cookers 

13  Tank  Heaters 

14  Wire  Fencing 

15  Carpets,  Rugs 
Buildir-™-— 


16 


ding  Plans 


17  Baby  Carriages 

18  Men’s  Fur  Coats 

19  Sewing  Machines 

20  Gasoline  Engines 

21  Cream  Separators 

22  Building  Material 

23  Stoves  &  Ranges 

24  Underwear  Sam¬ 

ples 

25  Automobile  Sup- 
_  plies 

26  Bicycles  —  Motor¬ 

cycles 

27  Baby’s  Dress  and 

Toilet 


28  Women* s Tailored 

Suits 

29  Circular  and  Drag 

Saws 

80  Women’s  Fash-  | 
ion  Book 

31  Rain  Coats,  Rub¬ 

ber  Coats,  etc. 

32  Tombstones  and  I 

Monuments 

33  Men’s  Clothing  | 

34  Women’s  Furs 

35  Dry  Goods 

36  MuslinUndcrwear 

37  Millinery 


Name . 

Post  Office .  Q 

R.P-D . . . .State . . . . 

Send  Coupon  to  Ihe  Nearer  Address. 

156 


Men’s  Fur  Coats 

When  the  mercury  in  the  ther¬ 
mometer  plays  tag  with  the  zero  mark 
—then  is  the  time  that  the  man  in 
“the  big  fur  coat”  is  the  envy  of  all 
eyes.  Nothing  takes  the  place  of  a  good 
fur  coat  for  protection  from  cold, 
stormy  weather. 

There's  one  in  our  new  Fur  Coat 
Catalogue  (Book  No.  18)  for  you. 

Women’s  Furs 

Dressy,  silky,  soft  furs— the  kind 
every  woman  admires — are  fully  shown 
in  catalogue  No.  34. 

Our  forty  years’  experience  in  export 
fur  baying  is  at  your  service. 

Sewing  Machines 

A  reliable,  smooth  running  sewing 
machine  will  soon  save  its  cost  in  time, 
strength  and  labor  saved. 

Our  years  of  experience  enables  us 
to  offer  you  bv  far  the  best  machines  on 
the  market  at  the  prices  quoted. 

The  sewing  machine  book  is  No.  19. 


Raincoats  and  Rubbercoats 

Rainy  weather  has  no  terrors  for  you 

bave  a ,  gu°-d  raincoat.  You 
rather  enjoy  splashing  around  in  tlio 
wet^when  you  are  warm  and  dry.  Damp  1 
w!!ny7*n/,T-y  weather  will  soon  bo 
set  your  raincoat  now 
and  be  ready  for  it. 

Send  for  book  No.  31 

Underwear  Samples 

A  suit  of  soft,  warm,  well  fitting 

J“d^rar  r,lU  be  fine  to  jump 

into  when  those  cold,  frosty  mornings 
come.  Our  underwear  sample  book 
shows  von  one  of  the  finest,  and  most 
complete  lines  of  knitted  underwear  ' 
that  you  ever  suw. 

Write  today  for  book  No.  24. 

Pianos  and  Organs  i 

Furity  of  tone  and  best  quality  of 
materials  are  the  distinguishing  marks 
of  our  pianos  and  organs.  Cost,  ulus 
one  small  nrofit  is  all  wo  aik.  See  cato? 
logue  No.  2  for  pianos;  No.  3  for  organa 


1911 


THIS  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


987 


Ruralisms 


Late  Yellow  Peach  Wanted. 

E.  V.,  Essex  Co.,  N.  J. — What  late  yellow 
peach  can  you  recommend  that  will  come  in 
with  such  late  white  varieties  as  Iron 
Mountain  and  Stevens  Rareripe?  There  are 
several  now  listed  in  the  different  nursery 
catalogues,  such  as  Matthews,  Banner, 
Frances,  Lamont,  Willet,  McKays,  and 
Clairs.  We  need  a  good  late  yellow 
peach,  a  good  yielder,  too,  that  will  come 
in  after  the  Elbcrta  is  gone.  Who  can 
name  it? 

Ans. — If  I  had  to  name  one  variety 
of  late  yellow  freestone  peach  that  is 
my  preference  above  all  others  for  gen¬ 
eral  use,  including  market,  I  would  say 
the  Salway.  There  are  others  that  may 
prove  to  be  better,  but  they  have  not 
been  tried  out  well  yet.  Chairs  has 
been  tested  quite  well  but  it  is  not  a  re¬ 
liable  bearer.  Matthews  and  Frances  I 
have  also  seen  in  bearing.  The  other 
varieties  named  I  have  not  seen  tested 
but  I  do  not  think  any  of  them  have 
yet  been  well  enough  tested  to  warrant 
taking  a  first  place  on  the  list  of  late 
peaches.  There  are  several  other  new 
candidates  for  public  favor,  but  none  of 
them  is  equal  to  Salway,  so  far  as  I 
know.  If  anyone  does  know  such  a 
peach  as  is  wanted  I  hope  they  will  name 

it.  H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 

Coboea  and  Passion  Flower. 

A.  D.  O Scotch  Plums,  N.  J. — Will  you 
tell  me  what  I  must  do  to  have  a  Coboea 
vine  and  passionflower  vine  bloom  early  in 
the  season?  I  have  to  buy  them  each  season 
because  I  do  not  know  how  to  find  the 
seeds  nor  how  to  slip  the  vines,  nor  how  to 
treat  the  vines  during  the  Winter,  so  that 
in  the  Spring  I  do  not  have  to  buy  them. 

Ans. — Coboea  scandens  is  quite  easily 
grown  from  seeds;  fill  two-inch  pots 
with  soil,  moisten  it,  and  put  a  seed  in 
each  pot,  merely  pressing  the  seed  into 
the  soil  edgewise,  without  other  cover¬ 
ing.  Start  in  the  house  in  February  and 
the  plants  will  grow  quite  quickly;  the 
advantage  of  putting  in  the  small  pot  is 
that  pricking  off  is  not  so  soon  neces¬ 
sary.  We  have  had  some  trouble  from 
damping  off  where  there  had  been  some 
carelessness  in  watering.  We  would  not 
try  to  carry  Coboeas  over  Winter.  2. 
We  have  never  tried  to  carry  passion 
flowers  over  Winter  in  the  house.  Pas- 
siflora  coerulea  and  its  hybrids  can  be 
propagated  from  cuttings  of  ripe  wood 
late  in  Summer.  We  have  carried  them 
over  Winter  with  very  little  care  in  a 
cool  greenhouse,  and  we  are  told  that 
they  will  pass  the  Winter  in  a  frame 
where  the  back  wall  is  against  a  warm 
greenhouse.  The  difficulty  in  carrying 
these  vines  over  Winter  in  the  house  is 
that  they  take  up  a  good  deal  of  room, 
and  offer  a  refuge  for  mealy  bug  and 
similar  pests;  then  they  are  apt  to  grow 
shabby  in  fluctuating  temperature, 
though  they  grow  freely  in  a  green¬ 
house.  The  native  Passiflora  incarnata 
seeds  abundantly,  and  is  also  grown 
from  cuttings.  The  cuttings  are  sure 
with  bottom  heat;  under  house  condi¬ 
tions  we  would  start  in  moist  sand  in  a 
window,  inserting  the  cutting  and  per¬ 
mitting  the  leaves  to  lie  flat  on  the  sand, 
under  side  down.  Do  this  in  late  Sum¬ 
mer  so  that  the  little  plants  get  a  good 
start. 

Curing  Sunflower  Seeds. 

G.  B.,  Akron,  O. — At  what  stage  is  it 
best  to  harvest  sunflower  seed,  and  how 
should  it  be  treated  to  avoid  moulding 
and  worms?  Sunflowers  grow  luxuriantly 
on  my  place  and  my  poultry  like  it,  but 
I  am  greatly  pestered  by  the  English  spar¬ 
rows,  and  therefore  desire  to  know  how 
early  I  can  harvest  it  in  order  to  avoid 
them.  I  have  covered  the  seed  witli  canvas 
bags  ripped  open,  but  that  has  a  tendency 
to  produce  a  mouldy  condition  which  ruins 
the  seed,  in  fact  I  believe  that  the  sun¬ 
flower  has  a  natural  tendency  to  mould 
while  curing. 

Ans. — Commercial  growers  of  sun¬ 
flower  seeds  allow  the  flower  heads  to 
ripen  on  the  plants  until  ttie  seed  begins 
to  shatter,  when  they  are  cut  in  early 
morning  and  hauled  in  wagons,  with  as 
little  disturbance  as  possible,  to  an  airy 
loft  having  a  tight  floor,  and  spread 
rather  thinly  until  cured  sufficiently  for 
thrashing,  which  may  be  done  by  ma¬ 
chine  or  hand,  as  circumstances  war¬ 
rant.  The  aim  is  to  have  the  seed  as 
thoroughly  ripened  and  dried  as  possible 
before  cutting,  just  as  does  the  corn 
and  grain  grower.  There  appears  to 
be  no  very  effectual  way  to  avoid  loss 
by  sparrows  and  other  pilfering  birds 
except  to  drive  away  or  exterminate  the 
pests.  This  loss,  however,  is  relatively 
much  less  with  large  plantings  than 
with  small  ones,  and  is  so  great  in  thick¬ 
ly  settled  localities  as  to  render  sun¬ 


flower  seed  culture  impracticable.  Choice 
heads  may  be  protected  until  ripe  with 
loose-textured  burlap  by  keeping  the 
fabric  away  from  the  seeds  by  a  forked 
stick,  eight  inches  long,  embedded  in  the 
center  of  the  head,  but  any  attempt  to 
cover  the  seed  heads  -with  material  as 
close  as  muslin  or  canvas  is  likely  to 
favor  molding.  Under  favorable  condi¬ 
tions  sunflower  seeds  can  be  grown  in 
quantity  at  a  less  cost  than  two  cents 
the  pound,  but  the  sparrow  nuisance  is 
rapidly  restricting  the  area  of  profitable 
culture.  The  secret  of  curing  is  to  al¬ 
low  the  seeds  to  ripen  fully  before  cut¬ 
ting.  v. 

Protecting  Pansy  Plants. 

1.  Will  you  tell  mo  how  to  protect  pansy 
plants  through  the  Winter?  I  am  now 
transplanting  into  cold  frames.  2.  Do  you 
know  anything  of  the  Grand  Pacific  tomato? 

Massachusetts.  a.  w.  l. 

1.  Tansies  in  cold  frames  need  nothing 
more  than  a  light  mulch  of  spent  manure 
or  fine  litter.  Many  are  wintered  in  open 
beds  in  this  latitude,  merely  covered  with  a 
mulch.  They  should  begin  to  bloom  quite 
early  in  the  frame.  The  lights  should  be 
raised  for  ventilation  whenever  weather 
permits.  If  early  flowers  are  sought  and 
there  is  little  snow,  some  litter  or  mats 
may  be  put  over  the  lights  when  the 
weather  is  exceptionally  severe.  2.  We  do 
not  know  anything  of  the  Grand  Pacific 
tomato.  Perhaps  some  Western  reader  can 
supply  information  about  it. 

Shade  Trees  and  Lawns, 

Our  lawn  is  bordered  with  great  maple 
trees,  planted  50  years  ago.  They  shade  a 
large  proportion  of  the  lawn  and  their 
roots  extend  afar,  like  their  shade.  We 
have  no  grass.  People  tell  me  that  it  is 
impossible  for  us  to  have  grass  for  two 
reasons ;  on  account  of  the  shade  and  be¬ 
cause  maple  trees  sap  the  ground  of  mois¬ 
ture  and  also  of  plant  food.  Is  this  true? 
Must  we  be  content  with  our  beautiful 

trees  and  give  up  all  hope  of.  having  green 
grass  also?  Or  can  you  suggest  some  kind 
of  cultivation  of  the  soil  and  the  proper  use 
of  fertilizer,  with,  perhaps,  a  special  kind 
of  seed,  which  would  be  likely  to  improve 
the  lawn?  H.  L.  M. 

New  York. 

It  is  not  easy  to  have  a  good  lawn 

where  large  trees  both  shade  the  ground 
and  abstract  moisture.  There  are,  how¬ 
ever,  special  grasses,  or  grass  mixtures, 

suited  to  these  conditions  which  can  be  pur¬ 
chased  from  any  seedsman.  Probably  the 
best  mixture  of  this  sort  for  a  shaded 

lawn  is  Wood  meadow  grass,  Poa  nemoralis, 
and  Rough-stalked  meadow-grass,  Poa 
trivialis.  Fertility  should  be  applied  in 
the  form  of  prepared  lawn  dressing,  or  of 
manure.  The  latter  is  very  valuable  for 
the  lawn,  but  has  the  disadvantage  of 
bringing  in  a  great  many  weeds.  Bone 
dust  will  be  found  useful  also. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  got  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

SOUND  SLEEP 

Can  Easily  Be  Secured, 

“Up  to  2  years  ago,”  a  woman  writes, 
“I  was  in  the  habit  of  using  both  tea  and 
coffee  regularly. 

“I  found  that  my  health  was  beginning 
to  fail,  strange  nervous  attacks  would 
come  suddenly  upon  me,  making  me 
tremble  so  excessively  that  I  could  not 
do  my  work  while  they  lasted ;  my  sleep 
left  me  and  I  passed  long  nights  in  rest¬ 
less  discomfort.  I  was  filled  with  a 
nervous  dread  as  to  the  future. 

“A  friend  suggested  that  possibly  tea 
and  coffee  were  t-  blame,  and  I  decided 
to  give  them  up,  and  in  casting  about  for 
a  hot  table  beverage,  which  I  felt  was 
an  absolute  necessity,  I  was  led  by  good 
fortune  to  try  Postum. 

“For  more  than  a  year  I  have  used  it 
three  time  a  day  and  expect,  so  much 
good  has  it  done  me,  to  continue  its  use 
during  the  rest  of  my  life. 

“Soon  after  beginning  the  use  of 
Posum,  I  found,  to  my  surprise,  that,  in¬ 
stead  of  tossing  on  a  sleepless  bed 
through  the  long,  dreary  night,  I  dropped 
into  a  sound,  dreamless  sleep  the  mo¬ 
ment  my  head  touched  the  nillow. 

“Then  I  suddenly  realized  that  all  my 
nervousness  had  left  me,  and  my  appetite, 
which  had  fallen  off  before,  had  all  at 
once  been  restored  so  that  I  ate  my  food 
with  a  keen  relish. 

“All  the  nervous  dread  has  gone.  I 
walk  a  mile  and  a  half  each  way  to  my 
work  every  day  and  enjoy  it.  I  find  an 
interest  in  everything  that  goes  on  about 
me  that  makes  life  a  pleasure.  All  this 
I  owe  to  leaving  off  tea  and  coffee  and 
the  use  of  Postum,  for  I  have  taken  no 
medicine.”  Name  given  by  Postum  Co., 
Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

“There’s  a  reason,”  and  it  is  explained 
in  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to  Well- 
ville,”  in  pkgs. 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


fhe 


Marlin 

REPEATING  RIFLE 


You  can  buy  no  better  gun 
for  target  work  and  all 
small  game  up  to 
200  yards. 


Model 

20 _ _ 

Without 
change  of 
mechanism  it 
handles  .22  short, 
long  or  long-rifle  cartridges 
perfectly.  The  deep  Ballard 
rifling  develops  maximum  power  and 
accuracy  and  adds  years  to  the  life  of  rifles. 

The  solid  top  is  protection  from  defective  cartridges — prevents  powder  and 
gases  from  being  blown  back.  The  side  ejection  never  lets  ejected  shells 
spoil  your  bead  and  allows  quick,  accurate  repeat  shots.  With  simple  take¬ 
down  construction,  removable  action  parts, — least  parts  of  any  .22 — it  is  the 
quickest  and  easiest  to  clean.  A  great  vacation  rifle.  Ask  any  gun  dealer. 

The  136  page  77Zar///t  catslog  ,77  77.  ». 

win  help  you  decide  what  rifle  /ne  //larlen  jrerear/ns  Co. 

best  suits  your  individual  desires.  „„„  _  ,,  ,,  _ 

Send  3  stamps  for  it  today.  157  Willow  Street  New  Haven,  Conn. 


The  One  Spray  Pump  That  Maintains  100 
Lbs.  Pressure  and  Can  Be  Operated  Easily 

PORCELAIN-LINED,  NON-CORROSIVE  CYLINDER;  IN¬ 
DESTRUCTIBLE  BELL- METAL  REVERSIBLE  BALL- 
VALVES;  NO  STUEFING  BOX  OR  OUTSIDE  PACKING. 

In  the  illustration  at  the  right,  note  the  powerful  spring  shown  at  A. 
As  you  pull  the  handle  you  compress  the  spring  only.  VVhen  you  push 
it  back  the  spring  expands  and  helps  you  force  the  liquid  into  the  air- 
chamber — lessening  labor  by  a  third.  By  pulling  out  two  cotter  pins,  B, 
and  releasing  four  nuts,  C,  you  can  pull  out  the  plunger.  By  releasing 
set  screw,  D,  you  can  open  valve-chamber  and  take  out  both  valves, 
seats  and  all. 

Write  for  new  catalog  of  the  most  economical  and  efficient 
line  of  high-pressure  hand  and  power  sprayers  made. 

Many  great  improvements  over  alt  former  models . 


THE  BEAN  SPRAY  PUMP  COMPANY 
739  ST.  CLAIR  AVENUE.  N.  W.  CLEVELAND,  OHIO 


MAGIC  SPRA  ¥  PUMP  No.  9 
Read  description  at  left. 


RHODES  DOUBLE  CUT 

PRUNING  SHEAR  _ —bseMB 


RHODES  1YIFG.  CO.,  ^ 

GRAND  RAPIDS,  HICH. 


‘Pat  ’d  June  2,  /  903. 


Dept. 

Y 


"THE  only 

*  nriin»r 


pruner 

made  that  cuts 
from  both  sides  of 
the  limb  and  does  not 
bruise  the  bark.  Made  in 
all  styles  and  sizes.  We 
pay  Express  charges 
on  all  orders. 

Write  for 
circular  and 
prices 


The  Ireland  Straight-Line  Drag 
Sawing  Machine 


'J’HIS  sawing  rig  fills  a  long  felt 
want  for  sawing  large  timber. 

It  is  simple,  durable  and  the  most 
practical  straight-line  sawing  rig  on  the  market. 
We  also  make  circular  saw  rigs,  saw  and  shingle  mills. 
Get  our  prices  on  canvas  belting,  they  will  surprise  you. 
Send  for  prices  and  full  Information.  “  Ask  about  Holsts.’’ 

IRELAND  MACHINE  &  FOUNDRY  COMPANY. 
14  State  Street,  NORWICH,  NEW  YORK. 


Buy  Roofing  Now 
At  Big  Cash  Savings 

Greatest  values  ever  offered.  Prove  it. 
Samples  of  rubber  and  flint-coated  Unito 
Roofing  and  book  free.  Test  and  compare 
with  others.  We  sell  direct  from  our  im¬ 
mense  factories — no  middlemen.  We  give 
you  Higher  Quality  and  Lower  Prices 
than  anyone  else.  Write  now  for  money¬ 
saving  offers  on  all  styles  of 

UNITO 


PER 

ROLL 

108  Sq.FK 


Roofing  and  Siding  from  80c  up, 
per  roll.  No  money  down*  Pay 
Jv'y^^^only  if  satisfied.  Thousands 

dealing  with  us.  We  save  them  money. 
Why  not  you  ?Write  for  big  combination 
catalog,  Roofer’s  Guide,  Samples  and 
Prices.  United  Factories  t’o* 
Dept.  :ii -A  Cleveland,  O. 


FOR  MENDING  HARNESS 

Ittakes  .  shoos,  tents,  awnings,  pulley  bolts,  car- 
a  wax  pots,  saddles,  suitcases,  buggy  tops, 

thread,  dash  boards,  or  any  heavy  material, 

feeds  ^““^fe^a^cSis^STEWAUT'H  Automatic! 
from  spool  and  Awl  istheonly  per- 

does  the  work  of  *f  »  e''''  bowing 

any  harness  maker  TV  Awl. 

machine.  It  is 

pensablo  for  farmers.  V 

Agents  wanted.  Bent  prepaid  A 

for  $1.25.  Send  at  once  for 

catalog.  STEWART-SKINNER  60. 

35  Hermon  Street,  Worcester.  Mass. 

San  Jose  Scale  Killer 

KIL-O-SCALE  is  the  most  reliable  rem¬ 
edy  for  Scale.  Ready  for  use  by  simply 
mixing  with  water.  Also  Lime,  Sulphur 
and  Spraying  Outfits.  Write  for  cata¬ 
logue. 

Henry  A.  Dreer,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


Make  Your 
Loading  Easy 


Out  out  the  backache*,  strains  and  rnptnras  by  I 
sing  low  Empire  Steel  Wheels  for  your  farm  9 


using 
haul  in; 


Hulf  the 


ing.  You  can  put  on  a  bigger  load, 
work.  Half  the  time.  Suve  your  team.  Don’t 
cut  up  your  fields. 

EMPIRE  LOW 
STEEL  WHEELS 

cost  only  one-half  as  much  as  wood¬ 
en  wheels.  They  save  you  tire  cut¬ 
ting  and  repair  expense.  You  can 
change  your  wooden  wheels  for  your 
Empire  Steel  Wheels  any  time  in  5  minutes. 

Send  for  froe  catalojj  showing  wheels  and 
low-priced  Empire  Handy  Wagons. 

Empire  Mfg.  Co.,  Box  6M  Quincy,  III, 


Wheels  tliat  Last 


Steel.  Unbreakable.  Nothing  to  dry 
apart.  No  tires  to  set.  Buy  just 
wheels  and  make  your  old  wagon 
good  as  new— a  low-down  labor-sav¬ 
ing  handy  wagon  for  all  work.  Fit 
guaranteed.  Broad  tires, lighter  draft, 
no  rutting.  Send  for  free  book  today. 

Electric  Wheel  Co..  Box  48  Quwcr.lu. 


HARVEY  BOLSTER  SPRINGS 

Soon  save  their  cost  Make  every  wagon  a  spring 
wagon,  therefore  fruit,  vegetables,  eggs,  etc., 
bring  more  money.  Ask  for  special  proposition. 

liarvejr  Spring  t'o»,  JJ.U- 17  th  St.,  Hacine,  >Y1». 


GUARANTEED 


Monarch 


Hydraulic 

Cider  Press 


Net  owners  25#  to  100# 
on  investment  per  year 
Ask  for  Free  Cat¬ 
alog  and  “Good 
Tip”  booklet  tell¬ 
ing  how. 

Monarch  Machinery  Co„  609  Hudson  Terminal,  Now  York- 


((■■■■■■  n  99  ki  11s  Prairie  Dogs, 

m  ™  Woodchucks,  Gophers, 

and  Grain  Insects. 
“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small."  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

I  2with  “Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide”  are  doing. 

I  EDWARD  R.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. 


FUMA 


800  GALLONS 


1500  GALLONS? 


it  to  any  R.  R.  Station 
$16.00 ;  10-gal.  cans. 


A  few  years  ago  the  N.  Y.  Experiment  Station  started  out  to  prove  that  “Scalecide”  was  too  expensive,  but  they 
found  that  in  orchard  work  9  gals,  of  “Scalecide”  went  as  far  as  17  gals,  of  Lime-Sulfur.  This  being  the  case,  a  barrel 
of  “Scalecide”  which  makes  800  gals,  of  spray  at  the  strongest  strength,  will  go  as  far  and  do  better  work  than  1500 
gals,  of  Lime-Sulfur  spray,  which  will  require^  barrelsof  the  best  Lime-Sulfur.  TheMissouri  Experiment  Station 
reports  that,  “Scalecide”  killed  100#  of  scale  in  5  out  of  7  tests.  Lime  Sulfur  did  not  do  it  once  in  10  tests  in  the  same 
orchard*  “Scalecide’’ has  greater  fungicidal  properties  than  Lime-Sulfur  as  a  Winter  wash.  A  postal  request  to 
I)ept.“N”  will  bring  by  return  mail,  free,  our  book, “Modern  Methods  of  Harvesting,  Grading  and  Packing  Apples,” 
and  new  booklet,  “  Scalecide— the  Tree-Saver.”  I  f  your  dealer  cannot  supply  you  with  “Scalecide,”  we  will  deliver 
tion  in  the  U.  S.  east  of  the  Mississippi  and  north  of  the  Ohio  Rivers  on  receipt  of  price.  50-gal.  bbls.,  $25.00 ;  30-gal.  bbls., 
,  $6.75 ;  5-gal  cans,  $3.75.  Address,  B.  G.  Pratt  Company,  50  Chui’ch  Street,  New  York  City. 


ass 


THIS  RUBiAL  NEW-YORKER 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  WRITER'S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  >  jva -ii?y  and  Suburban  Homes 

Established  isso 

Published  weakly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  Htw  Yo  k 

Herbert  W.  Collingwood,  President  and  Editor. 

John  .1.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Royle.  Associate  Editor. 


SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union.  $2.01.  equal  to  8s.  6d.,  or 
8>£  marks,  or  W'A  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Ofllce  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  us  ;  ami 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  bv  a  respon 
Bible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  Wilting  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  lie 
responsible  for  the  debt'  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  1  lentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

We  find  that  a  good  many  readers  who  planted  or¬ 
chards  a  few  years  ago  have  lost  tree  labels  or 
records  of  planting.  As  the  trees  come  into  bearing 
there  is  a  mix  up  over  varieties.  It  pays  to  be  sure, 
and  we  would  have  such  fruit  identified  at  once. 
Send  to  the  Pomologist,  Department  of  Agriculture, 
Washington,  D.  C.  He  will  furnish  boxes  in  which 
the  fruit  can  be  sent  free.  Forward  fair  specimens 
and  they  will  be  identified.  This  is  the  best  way  to 
be  sure  of  your  varieties. 

* 

The  “tree  dope  man”  is  up  to  his  tricks  once  more. 
This  man  promises  to  cure  trees  of  disease  or  kill 
the  insects  on  them  by  putting  a  chemical  under  the 
bark.  He  may  call  it  vaccination,  inoculation,  or 
any  name  to  suit,  but  it  is  the  same  old  story  of 
working  through  the  sap  of  the  tree.  The  latest  one 
we  have  heard  of  is  at  Allentown,  Pa.  This  time 
the  “dope”  consists  of  cyanide  of  potash  which  is 
to  be  poked  into  a  hole  made  in  the  bark  of  the  tree. 
Agents  actually  sell  this  deadly  poison  at  the  rate  of 
several  dollars  per  pound  and  they  have  taken  in 
thousands  of  dollars.  Let  the  stuff  alone — no  matter 
what  these  agents  tell  you. 

* 

I  want  to  tell  you  how  the  farmers  are  buncoed  again 
on  their  Winter  apples.  The  buyers  have  combined 
quietly  during  the  Summer,  bought  up  every  inch  of 
available  cold  storage  space,  allowing  but  one  or  two 
buyers  to  come  into  each  territory,  paying  the  farmers 
$2  per  barrel  for  choice  stock.  Buyers  figure  that  the 
cold-storage  charges  will  be  taken  up  by  buying  cheaply. 
Consequently  the  dry-houses  and  cider  mills  are  getting 
a  choice  run  of  apples  this  year,  and  it  is  my  opinion 
apples  will  be  away  up  for  the  consumer  this  Winter. 
Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y.  c.  d.  r. 

This  has  been  intimated  before,  but  the  facts  would 
not  develop  until  farmers  looked  about  for  storage 
room.  There  has  been  a  general  report  that  but  few 
buyers  have  thus  far  put  in  an  appearance.  This 
would  be  explained  by  the  above  statement.  Now 
would  be  the  time  for  consumers  to  order  their  Win¬ 
ter  supply  direct  from  the  growers. 

* 

Thus  far  we  have  not  received  any  very  strong 
arguments  to  prove  that  our  readers  will  make  better 
bargains  by  buying  trees  from  agents.  A  nursery¬ 
man  who  does  not  employ  such  agents  writes: 

I  do  feel  that  if  you  are  going  to  hit  the  agency  busi¬ 
ness  in  general  that  is  one  proposition,  but  that  you 
should  hardly  single  out  one  branch  and  go  after  them 
as  hard  as  you  are  doing,  to  the  exclusion  of  the  others. 

Our  conviction  is  that  the  tree  agent  business  is  in 
a  class  by  itself.  Even  the  reputable  nurserymen  who 
do  business  on  the  square  and  compel  their  agents  to 
be  fair  will  tell  you  there  is  more  guff  and  misrep¬ 
resentation  in  the  sale  of  nursery  trees  or  plants  than 
with  any  other  goods  which  agents  handle.  We  are, 
however,  willing  to  include  all  agents  in  the  proposi¬ 
tion.  That  is  simple  enough — in  what  way  can  our 
readers  obtain  the  surest  guarantee  and  the  best 
value  for  their  money?  If  the  agents  can  give  it,  let 
them  demonstrate  the  fact. 

* 

The  people  of  New  Jersey  will  try  out  a  new 
primary  election  law  this  year.  One  feature  of  this 
law  is  that  sample  ballots  are  mailed  to  each  voter 
two  weeks  before  the  primary,  so  that  a  voter  may 
know  who  is  after  the  nomination  and  find  out  what 
he  stands  for.  In  one  county  of  New  Jersey  some 
11.000  of  these  ballots  were  returned  by  the  post- 
office  authorities  “for  better  directions.”  While,  of 
course,  there  had  been  some  deaths  and  removals, 


the  greater  part  of  these  addresses  were  “ghosts,”  or 
fraudulent  voters  and  repeaters.  This  indicates  the 
extent  of  such  frauds,  and  shows  how  honest  men 
have  been  outvoted  by  “ghosts”  for  years.  The  hon¬ 
est  primary  law  will  overcome  this  and  give  the  com¬ 
mon  people  a  chance  to  control  nominations.  We 
keep  at  this  primary  election  matter  because  we  know 
that  it  goes  to  the  root  of  things  by  giving  the 
people  a  chance  to  select  their  own  candidates.  No 
one  expects  any  millenium  the  day  the  New  York 
Legislature  passes  a  fair  primary  law,  but  it  will 
mark  the  beginning  of  a  square  deal  in  politics.  We 
met  a  man  the  other  day  who  said  The  R.  N.-Y. 
would  get  tired  of  talking  primary  elections,  parcels 
post  and  consumer's  dollar.  Oh,  no !  It  has  got 
to  be  a  habit,  and  as  long  as  we  live  we  shall  push 
these  reforms  and  what  they  stand  for.  Between 
them  they  mean  pretty  much  the  whole  story. 

* 

Canada  will  have  nothing  to  do  with  reciprocity. 
Western  Canada  and  the  extreme  eastern  provinces 
voted  in  favor,  but  Ontario  killed  it.  It  seems  that 
the  Canadian  farmers  are  prosperous.  They  have 
good  markets  now,  and  their  government  helps  them 
with  cash  loans  and  direct  business  help.  This  elec¬ 
tion  has  brought  several  things  forcibly  into  view. 
First  is  the  value  of  direct  legislation  or  direct  in¬ 
fluence  upon  legislation.  The  last  Canadian  Parlia¬ 
ment  could  have  passed  the  reciprocity  bill.  It  had 
the  votes,  but  as  this  election  shows,  it  did  not  rep¬ 
resent  the  will  of  the  Canadian  people.  In  this  coun¬ 
try  many  important  laws  clearly  against  the  wishes  of 
the  majority  have  been  jammed  through  Congress  or 
State  Legislatures.  Another  thing  is  the  attitude  of 
the  daily  newspapers.  They  were  nearly  all  in  favor 
of  reciprocity,  and  day  after  day  they  repeated  that  it 
was  sure  to  win.  People  who  came  from  Canada  re¬ 
ported  that  the  evidence  that  reciprocity  would  be 
beaten  was  just  as  clear  as  it  was  that  Taft  would 
be  elected  two  years  ago.  Yet  these  newspapers 
twisted  the  news  from  day  to  day. 

How  will  this  election  affect  the  campaign  of  Presi¬ 
dent  Taft  for  re-election?  At  first  thought  one  would 
say  that  the  defeat  of  his  pet  scheme  would  end  his 
chances.  On  the  other  hand,  many  shrewd  and  long¬ 
headed  politicians  think  it  will,  in  the  end,  help  him. 
They  argue  that  the  chief  opposition  to  the  President 
came  from  farmers  in  the  border  States.  The  Cana¬ 
dian  election  removes  the  fear  these  farmers  felt  at 
free  trade  in  food  products  and  with  this  fear  Ye- 
moved  the  politicians  argue  that  the  farmers  will 
come  back  into  the  support  of  their  party  nominee. 
You  see  these  men  cannot  believe  yet  that  our  farm¬ 
ers  can  rise  above  the  dollar  and  act  independently. 
Our  study  of  the  situation  convinces  us  that  the  op¬ 
position  to  Mr.  Taft  lies  deeper  than  any  question  of 
Canadian  free  trade.  It  is  the  general  and  growing 
belief  that  the  President's  sympathies  are  with  the 
great  interests  rather  than  with  the  smaller  common 
rights.  We  think  our  farmers  are  rapidly^  coming  to 
the  point  where  they  will  insist  that  the  old  parties 
cannot  stand  still  and  have  the  right  to  live.  They 
should  move  forward  with  everything  else  in  nature 
or  controlled  by  man — or  die.  The  great  advantage 
which  many  people  saw  in  Canadian  reciprocity  was 
that  it  would  compel  a  fair  reduction  of  the  tariff.  It 
will  now  be  much  harder  to  bring  such  reduction 
about. 

* 

Germany,  Belgium  and  the  British  Isles  normally 
produce  potatoes  much  in  excess  of  their  own  food 
needs.  Starch  and  alcohol  factories  use  part  of  the 
surplus,  and  potato  dealers  in  those  countries  keep 
close  watch  of  markets  in  the  United  States,  so  that 
shipments  may  be  made  here  whenever  the  price  war¬ 
rants.  Six  years  ago  it  was  thought  that  a  wholesale 
price  on  this  side  of  $1  per  bushel  was  necessary  to 
attract  many  European  potatoes,  but  more  recent  ex¬ 
perience  has  shown  that  the  limit  may  be  far  below 
this,  down  to  1%  cent  per  pound,  or  even  less.  The 
first  lot  of  potatoes  from  Liverpool  this  season  (500 
sacks)  arrived  in  New  York  September  25,  but,  owing 
to  the  very  weak  market,  the  potatoes  were  forwarded 
to  Havana  without  payment  of  duty  here.  Evidently 
the  shippers  had  heard  exaggerated  reports  of  our 
short  crop.  The  latest  news  from  Europe  indicates 
that,  because  of  drought,  there  will  be  no  potatoes 
for  export  under  $2.50  gross  per  168  pound  bag.  But 
this  is  by  no  means  certain.  Favorable  ocean  freight 
rates  and  a  disposition  to  speculate  on  narrow  profits 
may  bring  European  potatoes  here  on  a  $2  market, 
even  in  this  supposedly  short  year.  New  York  and 
other  eastern  markets  are  loaded  with  shipments  from 
the  field,  and  present  prices  are  abnormal.  Certainly 
the  size  of  the  crop  available  for  the  East  is  not  large 
enough  to  warrant  a  price  under  $2  per  barrel  at  New 
York. 


October  7, 

Cotton  growers,  as  well  as  users  of  the  staple, 
have  been  largely  under  the  thumb  of  speculators, 
who,  after  getting  the  crop  out  of  first  hands,  regu¬ 
larly  cornered  it  and  had  a  little  bull  and  bear  game 
of  their  own  on  the  exchanges.  The  southern  grow¬ 
ers  have  this  year  taken  the  matter  in  hand,  and  are 
making  strong  efforts  to  finance  their  own  cotton. 
A  convention  of  growers  and  southern  bankers,  held 
recently  at  Montgomery,  Ala.,  made  plans  by  which 
growers  who  must  sell  at  once  can  turn  the  cotton 
over  to  warehouses  and  banks  as  collateral  under 
conditions  favoring  the  growers.  It  is  thought  that 
with  this  “distress”  cotton  off  the  market  it  will  be 
possible  to  put  the  market  on  a  basis  commensurate 
with  the  size  of  the  crop,  instead  of  selling  at  the 
price  some  gang  of  “bull”  operators  may  dictate. 

* 

We  believe  the  New  England  corn  crop  is  larger 
this  Fall  than  ever  before.  There  ought  to  be  a  great 
display  at  the  Springfield  corn  show.  There  was  a 
time  when  New  England  was  the  great  corn  produc¬ 
ing  section  of  the  world.  That  was  long  ago,  but 
some  of  the  flint  varieties  which  made  it  possible  for 
New  England  to  feed  her  people  bread  are  still  in 
existence.  These  flints  are  purebred,  probably  show¬ 
ing  a  longer  pedigree  than  any  other  corn  variety  in 
the  world.  We  fell  into  the  habit  of  calling  the 
Western  people  “corn  fed.”  The  fact  is,  that  term 
belongs  rather  to  the  Yankees,  for  their  johnny  cake 
and  mush  are  as  much  responsible  for  their  smartness 
as  baked  beans  and  fishballs  ever  were.  At  any  rate. 
New  England  is  coming  back  as  a  corn  country.  It 
is  a  good  thing,  for  the  nearer  any  section  comes  to 
feeding  itself  the  stronger  are  its  foundations. 

* 

The  latest  thing  in  humbugs  is  a  Brooklyn  church 
selling  “Miracle  wheat”  at  $60  a  bushel.  The  pastor 
of  this  church  quotes  the  Psalms  to  help  the  sale 
along.  True,  the  money  goes  to  a  church  organiza¬ 
tion,  and  the  scheme  differs  from  the  petty  gambling 
practiced  at  some  church  entertainments  only  in  size. 
Yet  the  scheme  is  a  humbug.  The  “Miracle”  wheat 
is  classed  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  as  a 
good  strain  of  Fulcaster,  a  variety  quite  common  in 
Pennsylvania.  When  carefully  selected  and  true  to 
grade  it  is  a  valuable  strain,  but  there  is  no  great 
miracle  about  it.  The  agents  go  about  with  a  sample 
plant  showing  enormous  stooling  qualities,  but  one 
of  our  correspondents  claims  that  these  great  plants 
were  produced  by  planting  a  handful  of  wheat  at 
one  spot  of  rich  ground.  The  true  seed  of  this 
Fulcaster  wheat  sold  at  a  fair  price  is  not  a  bad 
bargain,  but  the  efforts  of  this  church  and  pastor 
to  boom  the  seed  at  $60  per  bushel  are  samples  of 
humbug  and  fake  which  should  be  denounced  by 
religious  organizations. 

* 

The  man  is  greater  than  his  work.  The  farm  can 
only  be  made  what  it  should  by  paying  chief  attention 
to  securing  the  right  man  and  woman  on  the  farm.  To 
develop  soil  fertility  we  must  develop  rural  manhood  and 
rural  womanhood.  \Ye  must  have  a  social  life  on  the 
farm  far  better  worth  living  than  such  life  has  been  in 
the  immediate  past. 

That  is  from  a  message  sent  to  the  Conservation 
Congress  by  ex-President  Roosevelt.  While  the  dele¬ 
gates  were  cheering  this  fine  sentiment,  Mr.  Roosevelt 
was  talking  to  a  delegation  of  farmers  from  Penn¬ 
sylvania  : 

I  don’t  object  in  the  least  to  paying  more  for  some¬ 
thing  if  I  am  paying  more  to  the  farmer  or  to  the  laborer. 
What  I  do  object  to  is  paying  profits  to  three  persons 
who  stand  between  me  and  the  worker.  I  believe  in  a 
high  standard  of  wages,  but  I  believe  that  we  should 
drive  out  every  middleman  who  does  not  help  the  con¬ 
sumer.  Certain  middlemen  are  indispensable,  and  they 
deserve  to  get  their  reward.  I  want  to  pay  a  man  when 
he  does  work,  but  I  don’t  want  to  pay  a  man  for  being 
in  the  way.  A  man  doesn’t  deserve  a  living  uulcss  he 
does  work. 

So  long  as  these  useless  middlemen  have  a  finger 
in  the  consumer’s  dollar  that  social  life  and  that  im¬ 
proved  manhood  and  womanhood  on  the  farm  will 
find  mighty  slow  development.  You  cannot  make 
such  desired  things  with  35-cent  dollars. 

BREVITIES. 

Frost  will  eat  fat  from  the  bones. 

A  new  law  iu  Bavaria  prohibits  speculation  in  farming 
land. 

That  dairy  farm  letter  from  Mrs.  Ives  (page  996) 
shows  good  spirit. 

No  one  will  be  likely  to  succeed  who  constancy  thinks 
he  is  likely  to  fail. 

We  know  a  dozen  hen  men  who  spray  for  scale  and  hen 
lice  with  the  same  strength  lime-sulphur — and  get  both 
insects. 

Do  not  expect  any  millionaire  to  bring  about  the  mil¬ 
lenium.  It  is  more  likely  to  come  through  the  efforts  of 
poor  men. 

The  latest  disease  is  “aviation  sickness,”  as  peculiar 
to  those  whoi  go  up  iu  a  flying  machine  as  sea  sickness  is 
on  the  ocean.  We  have  no  desire  to  experience  it. 


1911. 


989 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

Why  not  publish  a  list  of  the  E.  G.  Lewis 
schemes  and  companies  he  promoted?  The 
people  who  have  been  caught  with  one 
scheme  would  be  interested  to  know  of 
others  and  the  list  would  serve  to  show 
the  scheming  activity  of  the  man. 

Pennsylvania.  a  victim. 

We  would  not  feel  justified  in  at¬ 
tempting  a  complete  list.  St.  Louis 
daily  papers,  the  Financial  World  of 
New  York,  and  the  Censor  Magazine 
of  St.  Louis  have  already  published  lists 
more  or  less  complete.  In  some  of  the 
mail  order  schemes  he  seemed  to  have 
only  an  indirect  interest.  The  follow¬ 
ing  list  is  nearly  if  not  quite  complete: 
Diamond  Sales  Co. 

Watch  Sales  Co. 

Cathartic  Medicine  Co. 

Anti-Skeet  Co. 

Pug  Chalk  Co. 

Anti-Fly  Co. 

Corroco  Tablets  Co. 

The  Corona  Co. 

Dr.  Flott’s  Cold  Crackers. 

Hunyadt  Salts  Co. 

Diamond  Candy  Co. 

Hygienic  Remedy  Co. 

Sarsaparilla  Blood  Medicine. 

Walk-Easy  Co. 

Anti-Cavity  Co. 

Progressive  Watch  Co. 

Mail  Order  Pub.  Co. 

National  Installment  Co. 

Lewis  Addressing  Machine  Co. 

Coin  Controller  Co. 

Mail  Dealers’  Protective  Ass’n. 

Woman's  Farm  .Journal  Co. 

Journal  of  Agriculture. 

Woman’s  Magazine. 

Allen  Steam  Trap  Co. 

University  Heights  Realty  &  Develop¬ 
ment  Co. 

Richarz  Press  Room  Co. 

Controller  Co.  of  America. 

World’s  Fair  Contest  Co. 

California  Vineyards  Co. 

Laguna  Chico  Plantation. 

Lewis  Pub.  Co. 

U.  S.  Fibre  Stopper  Co. 

People’s  United  States  Bank. 

People's  Trust  Co. 

International  Language-Schools. 

Art  Pottery  Co. 

Hygienic  Remedy  Co. 

Woman’s  National  Daily. 

St.  Louis  Star  Pub.  Co. 

St.  Louis  Subway  Co. 

American  Woman’s  League. 

Development  &  Investment  Co. 

Readers’  J‘ool. 

Builders’  Fund. 

Success  Magazine  Endowment. 

The  Founders  Chapter. 

Men's  University  League. 

Chemical  Frieze  Co. 

Clave  Art  Co. 

Faultless  Suspender  Co. 

Art  Museum  Society. 

Camp  Lewis  Co. 

Bachelor  Pneumatic  Tube  Co. 

Pacific  Trading  Co. 

Ozark  Herb  Co. 

Telephone  Controller  Co. 

The  Debenture  Scheme. 

Moffett-West  Drug  Co. 

Endless  Chain  Scheme  and  Lottery 
Edwards  Publishing  Co. 

Claire  Art  Co.  . 

Publishers  Reorganization  Committee 
Depositors  Agreement. 

Woman’s  Republic. 

Practically  all  of  these  except  the 
League  are  now  defunct,  or  out  of  his 
control.  Several  of  them  are  in  the 
hands  of  the  receiver  recently  appointed 
by  the  court.  But  since  the  receiver 
took  over  his  concerns,  he  has  proposed 
two  more  companies :  The  University 
Heights  Pub.  Co.  and  the  Regent  Com¬ 
pany.  He  is,  however,  under  indict¬ 
ment  by  a  Federal  Grand  Jury  charged 
with  fraud  in  four  of  the  above 
schemes,  and  it  is  not  likely  that  he  will 
venture  promises  extravagant  enough  to 
induce  many  people  to  part  with  their 
money. 

It  is  only  fair  to  say  that  the  candy 
company  has  been  regarded  as  legiti¬ 
mate  business  but  failed,  and  that  the 
endless  chain  scheme  was  not  classed  as 
a  lottery  by  the  Post  Office  Department 
at  the  time  Lewis  started  it.  The 
World’s  Fair  contest  was,  however, 
started  later,  and  was  a  lottery  pure 
and  simple.  Even  Lewis  now  admits 
as  much.  The  R.  N.-Y.  and  other 
papers  were  solicited  to  go  into  it  at 
the  time  as  it  contained  a  scheme  to  in¬ 
crease  subscriptions.  We,  of  course, 
turned  it  down  with  a  smile  and  a  bang. 
But  on  Lewis’s  own  testimony  it  took 
about  $200,000  out  of  the  pockets  of 
the  people,  and  about  one-half  that  was 
profit  to  him. 

Of  course  it  is  impossible  to  tell  now 
just  how  much  money  he  has  collected 
from  the  people  on  shady  schemes.  It 
is  variously  estimated  from  $8,000,000  to 
$10,000,000.  It  is  practically  all  lost  to 
the  people  who  sent  it  to  him.  Much  of 
it  was  sent  him  from  seven  to  10  years 
ago,  and  practically  no  interest  or  divi¬ 
dend  has  been  paid  on  it.  Many  of  the 
victims  are  dead,  and  others  have  given 
up  hope  of  return.  At  first  it  was 
thought  that  the  mortgage  notes  would 
be  good,  but  it  is  now  found  that  many 
of  the  notes  are  not  secured  at  all,  and 
in  some  cases  the  mortgages  Were  nearly 
five  times  the  original  purchase  price  of 
the  land.  In  other  cases  mortgage  notes 
were  sold,  and  after  the  money  was  re¬ 
ceived,  promissory  notes  were  issued  in¬ 
stead  of  the  secured  notes.  Stock  was 
sold  under  the  promise  that  a  IS  per 


III  tc 

cent  dividend  was  about  to  be  declared, 
and  that  it  would  pay  100  per  cent 
within  the  year.  Members  of  the 
League  were  promised  extravagant  and 
numerous  benefits,  and  millions  of  en¬ 
dowments,  one  alone  of  which  was  to 
furnish  an  annual  payment  of  $20  to  $30 
for  life.  In  lieu  of  this  one  $20  10-year 
worthless  debenture  notes  have  now 
been  substituted.  Instead  of  the  mil¬ 
lions  of  promised  endowments  the 
League  is,  on  his  own  published  admis¬ 
sion,  hopelessly  in  debt.  The  corre¬ 
spondence  schools  have  refused  lessons 
because  previous  service  was  not  paid 
for  and  papers  of  his  list  have  refused 
to  fill  subscriptions  for  the  same  rea¬ 
son. 

Yet  with  all  this  record,  Lewis  goes 
right  on  and  organizes  two  new  com¬ 
panies,  and  appeals  to  the  people  to  put 
their  money  into  one  of  them  in  the 
hopes  of  making  profits  out  of  enter¬ 
prises  which  he  has  already  abandoned 
because  he  had  operated  them  at  a 
loss.  If  any  person  wants  to  part  with 
money  to  such  enterprises,  we  have  no 
protest  to  make,  but  we  want  our  people 
to  know  the  facts. 


LET  CITY  PROMOTERS  FINANCE  THEIR 
SCHEME. 

At  this  time  we  are  receiving  many 
inquiries  about  the  United  Stores  As¬ 
sociation.  This  is  a  corporation  organ¬ 
ized  under  the  laws  of  the  State  of 
New  York  with  an  authorized  capital  of 
one  million  dollars.  Its  purpose  seems 
to  be  to  organize  city  consumers  into 
an  association,  and  also  to  organize  a 
system  of  retail  stores  or  agencies 
throughout  the  city.  The  company  pro¬ 
poses  to  furnish  the  goods  at  whole¬ 
sale  to  those  retailers,  and  they  propose 
to  turn  the  trade  of  the  organized  con¬ 
sumers  into  these  local  stores.  The 
stores  are  to  pay  the  company  a  per¬ 
centage  on  the  sales  made  to  the  organ¬ 
ized  consumers,  and  the  company  is  to 
pay  a  portion  of  this  percentage  back 
to  the  consumers,  who  are  given  cer¬ 
tificates  with  each  purchase.  This,  as 
we  understand  it,  is  the  plan  of  the 
company.  It  is  called  cooperation. 

Since  the  company  began  develop¬ 
ments  it  has  been  proposed  to  interest 
producers  in  the  proposition,  and  the 
Grange  organizations  throughout  the 
country  have  been  especially  solicited. 
The  Pennsylvania  State  Grange  has  ap¬ 
parently  given  some  encouragement  to 
the  proposition,  and  our  information  is 
that  the  members  of  the  Grange  in 
Pennsylvania  have  actually  or  tenta¬ 
tively  subscribed  for  a  portion  of  the 
stock.  We  do  not  know  what  the  pro¬ 
position  may  yet  develop,  but  up  to  the 
present  time  there  is  no  development 
that  would  justify  producers  in  falling 
over  themselves  to  purchase  stock.  The 
scheme  for  organizing  consumers  is 
along  lines  that  have  been  adopted  in 
the  past  by  fake  concerns,  and  which 
have  invariably  brought  disappointment 
and  loss  to  those  who  invested  in  them. 
The  organization  of  local  dealers  is 
perhaps  more  practical  and  if  developed 
may  have  some  promises  of  success  in  it. 

But  whatever  may  develop  in  the  or¬ 
ganization  of  this  plan  in  New  York 
City,  we  see  no  encouragement  for  the 
producer  in  attempting  to  finance  it 
with  his  cash.  The  place  for  the  farmer 
to  begin  cooperation  is  at  home,  and 
the  way  to  begin  is  to  go  about  it  him¬ 
self,  for  himself,  and  not  contribute  his 
means  to  the  furtherance  of  outside 
propositions,  which,  while  they  may 
have  some  remote  elements  of  coopera¬ 
tion  in  them,  could  not  in  the  true 
sense  of  the  word  be  called  cooperative 
enterprises.  Our  advice  to  the  con¬ 
sumer  is  to  let  the  New  York  City  pro¬ 
moters  finance  their  own  organization 
of  city  consumers  and  dealers.  Farmers 
may  successfully  develop  a  market  in 
local  towns.  Farmers’  organizations 
might  successfully  develop  markets  in 
large  cities  by  going  at  it  in  a  small 
way  and  increasing  with  experience. 
They  cannot  hope  to  go  into  partnership 
with  promoters  in  an  undeveloped 
scheme  and  capture  the  whole  city  all 
at  once.  Let  the  producers  organize 
themselves  at  home  into  associations 
for  the  packing  and  grading  of  ship¬ 
ments  of  produce,  and  keep  their  capi¬ 
tal  home  for  that  purpose.  If  they  can 
then  find  a  _  market  for  such  products 
with  the  United  Stores  Association  and 
have  provisions  for  getting  their  money 
for  it,  all  right.  If  not,  they  can  sell 
in  any  market  and  to  any  people  who 
will  pay  them  the  most  money  for  it. 
They  can  even  go  to  the  extent  of  send¬ 
ing  a  representative  to  city  markets  to 
look  after  the  sale  of  their  goods,  and 
if  necessary,  as  the  trade  develops,  they 
can  even  provide  a  store  house  for  the 
handling  of  such  goods  where  they 


NEW-YORKER 

can  ship  in  bulk  in  carloads.  It  would 
be  a  great  advantage  to  a  concern  in 
the  cities  to  be  able  to  advertise  graded 
goods  fresh  from  the  farms  through 
such  a  producers’  organization,  and  the 
farmers  would  get  the  benefit  of  better 
prices,  and  the  elimination  of  transient 
freight  rates  and  commission  merchants 
and  other  middlemen.  The  demand 
to  lessen  the  expense  between  producer 
and  consumer  is  almost  universal.  The 
R.  N.-Y.  has  done  its  part  to  create  this 
demand.  Any  cooperation  that  promises 
this  result  will  receive  its  hearty  en¬ 
dorsement,  but  it  will  not  help  the 
cause  to  rush  wildly  into  an  unde¬ 
veloped  proposition  that  has  many  of 
the  elements  of  a  speculative  venture 
in  it. 

Let  the  city  promoters  develop  their 
own  end  of  it,  and  let  the  farmers  or¬ 
ganize  among  themselves  and  be  pre¬ 
pared  to  supply  the  graded  goods  when 
wanted.  If  later  a  closer  compact 
would  seem  practical  and  wise,  it  can 
be  effected.  If  not,  other  sources  of 
output  are  open  to  them.  Country  pro¬ 
ducers  cannot  afford  to  furnish  the 
money  to  finance  big  commercial 
schemes  because  they  happen  to  have  a 
dilution  or  an  illusion  of  cooperative 
features  in  them. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — The  offices  of  Jared  Flagg, 
Jr.,  whose  most  recent  enterprise  has  been 
a  brokerage  business  paying  its  customers 
one  per  cent,  a  week,  were  raided  Septem¬ 
ber  23  at  New  York  by  post  office  in¬ 
spectors  with  the  assistance  of  United 
States  deputy  marshals  and  Central  Office 
detectives.  There  were  eight  arrests.  Flagg 
was  one  of  the  prisoners.  Daniel  N.  Mor¬ 
gan  of  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  a  Connecticut 
State  Senator,  Treasurer  of  the  United 
States  under  the  Cleveland  administration, 
and  more  recently  vice-president  of  the 
Electric  Gas  Company  of  America,  was  an¬ 
other.  F.  Tennyson  Neely,  twice  bankrupt 
book  publisher ;  Alvin  M.  Higgins,  a  lawyer 
at  200  Broadway,  and  Edward  L.  Schiller, 
Joshua  Brown,  Henry  A.  Jackson  and  the 
Rev.  James  T.  Schock  completed  the  list. 
The  warrant  on  which  Flagg  was  arrested 
charges  specifically  that  on  or  about  Sep¬ 
tember  9  of  this  year  he  devised  a  scheme 
to  defraud  Bertha  L.  Bentley  of  133  East 
South  street,  Corry,  Pa.,  and  others  by 
falsely  representing  that  all  moneys  sent 
to  him  would  be  used  to  purchase  stocks 
on  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange  and  the 
Consolidated  Exchange  for  the  benefit  of 
the  investor.  The  warrants  for  the  others 
arrested  charged  them  with  conspiring  to 
defraud  in  the  same  scheme. 

Fire  starting  on  the  fourth  floor  of  the 
old  Tiffany  Building  at  11-15  Union  Square, 
New  York,  September  23,  ate  out  the  two 
top  stories  of  the  structure  and  did  con¬ 
siderable  damage  to  the  three  lower  floors. 
It  was  a  spectacular  blaze  and  the  loss  is 
estimated  at  $100,000. 

Thirteen  persons  were  killed,  ten  in¬ 
stantly  and  nine  others  were  seriously  in¬ 
jured  at  Neenah,  Wis.,  September  24,  when 
a  Northwestern  passenger  train,  northbound, 
struck  a  hay  rack  filled  with  Menaslia 
merrymakers  at  a  grade  crossing. 

The  most  violent  earthquake  yet  experi¬ 
enced  in  Valdez,  Alaska,  occurred  Septem¬ 
ber  21.  The  oscillations  were  northwest 
and  southeast  and  their  duration  covered 
52  seconds.  Valdez  is  built  of  wood,  with 
no  building  more  than  two  stories  high, 
and  no  damage  was  done.  The  cable  at 
Sitka  was  severed. 

Suits  to  oust  the  four  men  members  of 
the  town  council  of  Hunnewell,  Kan.,  were 
filed  in  the  Supreme  Court  at  Topeka, 
September  26,  by  Attorney-General  Dawson. 
The  suits  are  the  outcome  of  the  long¬ 
standing  feud  between  the  council  men  and 
the  woman  mayor,  Mrs.  Ella  Wilson,  who 
was  elected  last  Spring.  She  appealed 
for  state  aid.  The  four  councilman  are 
F.  J.  Lander,  president;  B.  Weir.  J.  F. 
Richardson  and  J.  O.  Ellis.  The  at¬ 
torney-general  charges  the  quartet  with 
wilful  misconduct,  failure  to  meet  as  a 
council,  meeting  in  a  hotel  bedroom  to 
embarrass  tbe  mayor,  failure  to  notify  the 
mayor  of  the  place  of  meeting,  meeting  in 
secret,  passing  a  pretended  ord' nance  with¬ 
out  giving  the  mayor  a  chance  to  be  pres¬ 
ent,  failure  to  confirm  appointments  for 
pure  ugliness  failure  to  provide  a  tax 
levy  and  failure  to  co-operate  with  the 
mayor  in  suppressing  crime.  Some  of  the 
people  of  Hunnewell  are  supporting  the 
councilmen  in  the  fight  they  are  making. 

United  States  Government  authorities 
from  New  York  made  a  raid  on  the  Chinese 
colony  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  September  26, 
making  four  arrests  and  confiscating  about 
$6,000  worth  of  crude  and  smuggled  opium. 
The  previous  day  a  customs  inspector  on 
a  Pennsylvania  ferryboat  arrested  a  China¬ 
man  in  whose  possession  was  found  12 
cans  of  the  poppy  paste  worth  about  $1,200. 

Alien  excursionists,  traveling  from  this 
country  to  Bermuda,  must  continue  to  pay 
the  head  tax  of  $4  upon  their  return  to 
the  United  States,  irrespective  of  the  num¬ 
ber  of  years  they  have  resided  in  America. 
Replying  to  a  protest  from  the  Bermuda- 
Atlantic  Steamship  Company,  the  commis¬ 
sioner-general  of  immigration,  Mr.  Keefe, 
announced  that  no  change  could  be  made 
in  the  existing  regulations  except  by  con¬ 
gressional  enactment.  The  steamship  com¬ 
pany  asked  that  the  same  rules  which  gov¬ 
ern  the  American-Canadian  routes  be  ap¬ 
plied  to  the  Bermuda  traffic.  This  would 
be  impossible,  Mr.  Keefe  said,  because  the 
law  specifically  exempted  Canada,  Cuba, 
Mexico  and  Newfoundland  from  the  head 
tax.  Mr.  Keefe  added  that  he  had  recom¬ 
mended  to  Congress  last  year  that  the  head 
tax  be  not  levied  against  citizens  of  Ber¬ 
muda.  Some  of  the  larger  merchants  of 
Bermuda  come  to  New  York  three  or  four 
times  a  year  to  buy  goods,  and  they  are 
taxed  $4  for  the  privilege  of  landing  on 
each  occasion.  They  regard  the  tax  as  an 
unnecessary  hardship,  inasmuch  as  they 
come  to  New  York  to  trade.  A  large  num¬ 
ber  of  West  India  merchants  also  come 
to  New  York  every  year  on  business.  They, 
too,  spent  a  good  deal  of  money  here; 


nevertheless,  they  are  subject  to  the  alien 

tax. 


William  Pullen  was  arrested  at  Mont¬ 
clair,  N.  J.,  September  26,  foY  obtaining 
money  under  false  pretenses.  He  had  vic¬ 
timized  many  suburban  residents  by  spray¬ 
ing  shade  trees  with  a  substance  which  he 
said  killed  blight  and  increased  growth. 
Before  Puller  was  arrested  the  Montclair 
Shade  Tree  Commission  secured  a  sample 
of  the  material  with  which  he  sprayed  the 
trees,  and  a  chemist  who  analyzed ‘it  said 
that  it  was  composed  of  water  and  mud, 
and  had  none  of  the  properties  claimed 
for  it.  Pullen,  it  is  said,  received  from 
$5  to  $8  a  tree  for  spraying  his  dope,  and 
collected  hundreds  of  dollars  in  the  vicinity. 
The  man’s  claim  that  his  compound  was 
effectual  in  destroying  the  blight  that  has 
affected  chestnut  trees  attracted  the  atten¬ 
tion  of  the  Shade  Tree  Commission  be¬ 
cause  the  Department  of  Agriculture  at 
Washington  has  tried  in  vain  to  find  a 
remedy  that  would  save  these  trees. 

Thirty-five  cases  of  violation  of  the  pure- 
food  law  were  brought  before  Justices 
Deuel.  Mayo  and  O’Keefe  in  the  Court  of 
Special  Sessions  at  New  York,  Septem¬ 
ber  25  by  inspectors  of  fhe  Board  of 
Health.  Assistant  District-Attorney  Stie- 
fel  was  the  prosecutor.  There  were  12 
convictions  and  fines  ranging  from  $5  to 
$250  imposed  and  paid.  Some  of  the 
others  accused  were  acquitted  and  some 
cases  were  adjourned.  The  items  on  the 
list  of  impure  edibles  presented  by  the 
health  inspectors  ranged  from  white 'whis¬ 
key  to  candy  kisses  and  included  soup,  eggs 
meats,  fowls,  fruit,  milk  and  cream  and 
peanut  bars. 


Agriculture  of  West  Virginia  University  has 
arranged  to  run  a  special  agricultural ‘train 
over  the  line  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio 
Railway  from  Huntington  .to  Ronceverte 
and  Durbin,  during  the  week  of  October 
-3  to  28.  There  will  be  exhibits  of  prod¬ 
ucts  and  appliances  and  lectures  by  a  num¬ 
ber  of  well-known  experts. 


Grain  will  be  purchased  by  weight  rather 
than  by  the  bushel  by  the  dealers  in  north¬ 
ern  Ohio  after  January  1,  1912.  The  North¬ 
western  Ohio  Grain  Dealers’  Association  has 
decided  to  take  the  action.  The  United 
States  and  England  alone  of  the  24  prin¬ 
cipal  commercial  countries  adhere  to  the 
bushel  standard  in  grain  transactions,  it 
was  said  by  the  speakers.  Because  of  an 
abnormally  large  amount  of  moisture  in 
the  corn  in  this  region  of  the  State,  it 
was  said  that  that  cereal  will  not  bo  mar¬ 
ketable  this  year  before  November  1. 


Thursday,  September  21,  5  a.  m..  finds 
me  feeding  Prince,  the  family  horse,  and 
carrying  a  basketful  of  corn  to  the  pigs 
while  my  wife  looks  after  the  chickens.  We 
have  a  new  addition  to  our  chicken  yard 
in  the  way  of  two  young  Ancona  roosters 
A  friend  of  ours  sent  us  the  roosters  be¬ 
cause  they  were  purebred  stock  and  “It 
looked  like  a  shame  to  kill  and  eat  them” 
Now,  can  anyone  suggest  what  we  are  to  do 
with  two  purebred  Ancona  roosters  in  a 
yard  of  White  Wyandottes?  It  does  look 
like  a  shame  to  send  them  to  the  skillet 
they  are  so  pretty  and  graceful,  but  wliat 
kind  of  an  “animal”  will  we  get  if  we 
cross  them?  Has  anyone  tried  it?  I  under¬ 
stand  this  variety  is  noted  for  its  laving 
qualities.  This  is  the  day  we  take  Betsy 
the  brood  sow,  off  to  market.  She  has 
raised  us  two  litters  of  pigs  and  we  are 
going  to  keep  one  of  them  for  breeding  pur¬ 
poses  This  sow  cost  $2.50  as  a  small  pig. 
Her  first  litter  of  four  pigs  sold  for  $5 
apiece.  To-day  I  am  offered  $5  each  for 
her  second  litter  of  four.  She  brought  $15 
on  the  market  this  morning.  I  have  kept 
her  just  two  years ;  total  revenue,  $55.  I 
figure  the  net  profit  at  $35,  and  still  con¬ 
tend  that  this  is  better  than  chickens.  Re¬ 
turning  from  market,  I  look  at  my  watch 
and  find  that  I  still  have  three  hours  be¬ 
fore  noon.  An  ax  and  shovel  are  brought 
out  and  I  figure  that  I  have  time  to  dig 
out  a  couple  of  three-year-old  defective 
peach  trees  before  dinner.  A  high  wind 
split  one  of  these  trees  right  down  the 
trunk  last  Fall.  A  three-eighths  inch  hole 
was  bored  through  the  trunk  just  below  the 
forks  and  a  bolt  inserted,  with  washers  on 
each  end  White  lead  was  put  in  the  split 
and  the  bolt  drawn  up  tightly.  The  tree 
never  overcame  the  injury.  The  other  tree 
naa  a  dead  heart,  wood  and  outside  bark 
a’iv.e-  ,  H  its  leaves  early  and  the 

shot-hole  beetle  finished  it.  I  shall  reset 
t\e,m,1  this  Fall.  The  big  railroad  shop's 
whistle  blows  the  noou  hour  and  the  tools 
are  carried  to  the  shed  and  I  go  to  dinner. 

After  dinner  an  hour’s  rest  is  enjoyed  in 
the  lawn  swing  under  the  big  tulip  tree  on 
the  front  lawn.  I  admire  this  tree  every 
time  I  sit  under  its  spreading  branches.  It 
had  a  hard  time  in  babyhood  and  vouth, 
being  bitten  by  stray  cattle  and  hacked  at 
by  tdephone  Bnemeii,  and  finally  threatened 
with  death  by  the  former  owner  because  it 
shaded  a  few  square  feet  of  corn  ground. 
To-day  $500  would  not  buy  it.  So  much 
for  a  tree.  The  noon  siesta  over,  the 
pruning  shears  are  brought  out  and  I  again 
cut  back  raspberry  canes,  as  some  of  the 
branches  are  getting  so  long  they  touch  the 

tbPJUtmaa  anWin  soon,take  ™ot.  I  work  at 
tnis  till  «>..y0  p.  m.,  when  a  neighbor  passes 

l  le  road,  and  we  spend  a  pleasant 

half  hour  in  social  chat.  Wife  then  re¬ 
minds  me  that  she  wants  the  chicken  house 
cleaned  out,  so  I  go  to  it,  hauling  the 
manure  in  a  wheelbarrow  and  scattering 
along  the  strawberry  rows.  I  finish  just  in 
time  to  hear  ‘Supper,”  and  pause  a  few 
minutes  to  examine  some  bloom  on  our  Fall¬ 
bearing  strawberry  bed.  After  supper  I 
saunter  out  and  lift  some  bee  hives  from  the 
back  to  see  how  heavy  they  are.  Wife  does 
up  the  supper  dishes  and  we  sit  in  the 
swing  till  bedtime.  s.  h.  burton. 

So.  Indiana. 


uw!uS  u>  me  snort  supply  and  al 
normally  high  prices  of  raw  hides,  the  pric 
ranging  around  13  cents  per  pound. 

.  Th.p  Long  Island  Railroad  states  that  il 

iaT.eV1Ppartmo?i  duriD"  A«?Uist  handle 
13.316  tons,  or  887  carloads  of  freight  be: 

pes,  potatoes,  cabbage  and  other  garde 
truck  shipped  to  western  markets  froi 
the  Island  During  the  first  half  of  Sei 
teraber  1,537  carloads  were  shipped  to  Ne1 
l  ork  t  lty,  viz.:  709  cars  potatoes,  424  ci 
cumbers,  88  cauliflowers,  88  cabbage,  3 
apples,  -2  tomatoes,  six  pears,  three  ca: 
rots,  two  turnips,  and  one  each  cranberries 
watermelons,  beets  and  onions. 


eou 


THE  RURAL?  NEW-YORKER 


October  7. 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

BLINDFOLDED  AND  ALONE. 
Blindfolded  and  alone  I  stand 
With  unknown  thresholds  on  each  hand; 
The  darkness  deepens  as  I  grope, 

Afraid  to  fear,  afraid  to  hope ; 

Yet  this  one  thing  I  learn  to  know 
Each  day  more  surely  as  I  go, 

That  doors  are  opened,  ways  are  made. 
Burdens  are  lifted  or  are  laid, 

By  some  great  law  unseen  and  still, 
Unfathomed  purpose  to  fulfill, 

“Not  as  I  will.” 

Blindfolded  and  alone  I  wait ; 

Loss  seems  too  bitter,  gain  too  late; 

Too  heavy  burdens  in  the  load 
And  too  few  helpers  on  the  road ; 

And  joy  is  weak  and  grief  is  strong, 

And  years  and  days  so  long,  so  long, 

Yet  this  one  thing  I  learn  to  know 
Each  day  more  surely  as  I  go, 

That  I  am  glad  the  good  and  ill 
By  changeless  law  are  ordered  still, 

“Not  as  I  will.” 

“Not  as  I  will the  sound  grows  sweet 
Each  time  my  lips  the  words  repeat, 

"Not  as  I  will the  darkness  feels 
More  safe  than  light  when  this  thought 
steals 

Like  whispered  voice  to  calm  and  bless 
All  unrest  and  all  loneliness. 

“Not  as  I  will,”  because  the  One 
Who  loved  us  first  and  best  is  gone 
Before  us  on  the  road,  and  still 
For  us  must  all  His  love  fulfill, 

“Not  as  we  will.” 

— Helen  Hunt  Jackson. 

* 

Among  the  one-piece  gowns  shown  as 
Fall  and  Winter  models  are  very  plain 
costumes  of  velvet  or  velveteen,  the 
skirt  plain,  the  bodice  a  short-waisted 
mandarin  style,  with  no  trimming  ex¬ 
cept  a  net  and  lace  side  frill,  and  a  lace 
collar.  Such  a  dress  is  rich  looking 
and  yet  simple,  and  is  not  necessarily 
very  expensive. 

* 

The  first  international  congress  of 
farm  women  is  to  be  held  at  Colorado 
Springs,  Col.,  in  October.  It  is  planned 
to  have  four  day  sessions,  covering  such 
topics  as  home  equipment,  food  values, 
hygiene  and  nursing,  care  and  training 
of  children,  education  and  recreation. 
Rightly  managed,  such  a  congress  will 
be  of  enormous  value.  It  is  worth 
while  to  make  especially  prominent  the 
fact  that  the  farm  wife  is  the  farm 
partner,  an  equal  worker  with  her  hus¬ 
band,  and  entitled  to  equal  recognition 
and  reward. 

* 

One  of  our  friends  has  been  using  a 
charcoal  flatiron  this  Summer,  and 
counts  it  among  her  most  desirable  con¬ 
veniences.  The  burning  charcoal,  which 
is  consumed  very  slowly,  is  enclosed 
inside  the  iron;  thus  it  stavs  hot  as  long 
as  needed  for  use.  Hot  days  the  ironing 
was  done  out  under  the  grape  arbor, 
and  of  course  there  there  was-  no  runr 
ning  back  and  forth  to  the  range  for 
fresh  irons.  The  charcoal  is  free  from 
some  of  the  objections  made  to  an  iron 

with  an  alcohol  or  gasoline  reservoir. 

* 

The  Atchison  Globe  remarks  that 
with  the  possible  exception  of  the  Ben 
Davis,  no  apple  is  so  ornery  as  to  de¬ 
serve  being  dried.  This  is  rather  hard ; 
we  must  own  that  a  dried  apple  pie  is  a 
fearsome  dainty  when  slammed  together 
by  an  indifferent  cook  who  encloses  a 
filling  that  looks  like  sole-leather  scraps 
within  a  cover  of  crust  that  resembles 
indurated  fiber,  but  all  dried  apple  pies 
are  not  like  this.  The  main  point  in 
preparing  any  evaporated  fruit  is  to 
soak  it  long  enough  to  restore  the  mois¬ 
ture  lost  by  drying,  and  to  cook  gently, 
simmering  instead  of  boiling  hard. 
Those  who  use  a  fireless  cooker  praise  it 

highly  for  preparing  evaporated  fruit. 

* 

Refined  sugar  is  now  at  the  highest 
price  it  has  reached  in  22  years ;  seven 
cents  a  pound  retail.  The  sugar  men  say 
that  the  drought  in  Europe  is  one  cause, 
as  it  has  lessened  the  production  of  sugar 
beets,  and  another  cause  is  speculation. 
There  are  reports  of  a  “corner”  in  sugar 


formed  by  the  big  refiners.  The  sugar 
men  are  diplomatically  silent  regarding 
the  $2,000,000  they  had  to  pay  the  Gov¬ 
ernment  recently  as  a  result  of  long-con¬ 
tinued  frauds  in  customs  duties.  An  in¬ 
crease  in  sugar  prices  at  the  height  of 
preserving  time  will  not  be  looked  upon 
very  cordially  by  housewives.  Indeed,  it 
will  cut  two  ways,  for  there  is  little  doubt 
some  housekeepers  will  cut  down  their 
purchases  of  fruit,  since  both  fruit  and 
sugar  are  extra  high  in  retail  price. 

* 

A  Virginia  reader  finishes  a  letter  of 
inquiry  by  saying: 

Perhaps  it  would  interest  you  to  know 
that  I  am  one  of  the  “common  farmers’ 
wives wash,  iron,  bake,  scrub,  cook,  and 
do  all  for  my  family  of  four  and  one  help, 
and  besides  tend  a  separator  and  do  the 
churning.  I  make  fine  butter,  put  up  in 
neat  square  prints,  and  wrapped  in  paraf¬ 
fin  paper,  and  I  thank  my  God  I  am  here 
to  do  it. 

This  is  the  spirit  that  “makes  drudg¬ 
ery  divine” ;  the  love  and  enthusiasm  for 
home  and  family  that  gilds  the  gray 
things  of  daily  duty.  The  feeling  ex¬ 
pressed  by  the  Virginia  housekeeper 
brings  to  mind  a  letter  recently  received 
from  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa.  The 
writer  was  a  cultivated  Englishwoman 
whose  girlhood  was  spent  in  a  well- 
ordered  home,  with  several  domestics  to 
keep  the  household  wheels  running 
smoothly.  She  writes  happily  from  a 
South  African  farm  of  her  three  small 
children  and  the  Kaffirs  who  are  her  only 
help,  and  tells  how  proud  she  feels  be¬ 
cause  her  sewing  machine  turns  out  all 
the  children’s  clothes,  and  also  frocks 
and  overalls  for  the  Kaffirs,  whose  cos¬ 
tume,  we  infer,  is  not  very  elaborate 
when  unassisted.  She  tells  how  she 
made  a  mattress  for  the  baby’s  crib, 
using  nice  ticking  stuffed  with  straw, 
with  little  rounds  of  “American  cloth” 
(enameled  or  oilcloth)  where  caught  to¬ 
gether,  giving  a  very  professional  look, 
and  she  wonders  that  more  of  her 
friends  do  not  try  their  hand  at  the 
same  work.  Sometimes,  she  says,  her 
husband  asks  her  to  ride  with  him  when 
counting  sheep,  and  she  asks  him  wheth¬ 
er  he  would  prefer  to  have  her  society, 
rather  than  to  have  a  pudding  for  dinner, 
to  which  he  responds  by  telling  her  to 
come  along  and  let  the  pudding  go.  It 
gives  a  pleasant  picture  of  happy  do¬ 
mestic  life,  though  the  young  wife  must 
find  the  vast  spaces  of  the  karoo  very 
different  from  the  hawthorn  bordered 
English  lanes  and  fields  of  her  youth,  so 
many  thousands  of  miles  away.  She  re¬ 
marks,  also,  that  no  matter  how  tired 
she  is,  she  makes  a  point  of  changing 
her  dress  for  the  evening,  that  she  may 
not  get  into  careless  habits  as  the  result 
of  her  isolated  life.  We  think  many  of 
those  who  offer  a  condescending  pity  to 
country  women  because  of  their  isolated 
life,  lose  sight  of  the  many  compensa¬ 
tions  it  certainly  possesses. 


the  soup  through  a  colander;  we  like 
to  find  bits  of  vegetables,  so  I  merely 
mash  them  roughly  with  a  spoon  and 
slightly  thicken  with  a  little  flour  and 
butter  blended.  Season  rather  highly 
with  pepper,  salt,  celery  salt  and  one 
teaspoonful  sugar,  and  you  will  find  you 
have  a  good,  hearty  dish.  The  main 
thing  seems  to  be  to  get  a  good  variety 
of  vegetables  and  don’t  forget  to  fry 
the  onions.  As  this  may  be  considered 
rather  a  feeble  start  for  supper,  I  want 
a  pudding  which  seems  to  have  some¬ 
thing  to  it.  In  the  absence  of  fresh 
apples,  I  call  on  a  jar  of  canned  ones, 
and  make  Duling  apple  dumplings. 
Make  into  a  rather  soft  dough  two  cups 
flour,  two  teaspoonfuls  baking  powder, 
one  teaspoonful  salt,  two  tablespoonfuls 
lard  (or  half  lard  and  half  butter), 
seven-eighths  cup  of  sweet  milk.  Roll  out 
about  half  an  inch  thick,  sprinkle  with 
two  tablespoonfuls  brown  sugar  and  a 
teaspoonful  ground  cinnamon,  spread 
apples  over,  roll  up,  cut  into  12  slices. 
Lay  these  cut  side  down  in  a  single 
layer  on  a  greased  baking  pan  and  pour 
over  them  the  following  sauce,  which 
should  be  made  before  the  dumplings : 
One  cup  sugar,  one  tablespoonful  but¬ 
ter,  tablespoonful  flour,  half  teaspoonful 
salt,  mix  and  add  one  cup  hot  water,  stir 
well,  cook  three  minutes.  Bake  dump¬ 
lings  with  sauce  over  them  in  moderate 
oven. 

“As  we  cannot  get  meat  to-morrow, 
I  mean  to  call  on  a  can  of  salmon.  I 
will  heat  it,  turn  salmon  on  to  middle 
of  platter,  lay  around  it  hard  boiled 
eggs,  sliced,  and  pour  over  all  cream 
dressing  with  very  finely  chopped  pars¬ 
ley.  With  this  we  will  have  string 
beans  and  potatoes  with  this  dressing. 
Stir  together  until  smooth  one  egg,  half 
a  cup  sugar,  one  tablespoon ful  (heap¬ 
ing)  flour,  one  teaspoonful  salt,  tiny  bit 
of  red  pepper,  one  teaspoonful  mustard. 
Add  half  a  cup  vinegar  and  then  one 
large  cup  sweet  milk.  Set  on  asbestos 
mat  on  stove,  or  in  double  boiler,  and 
stir  till  it  thickens.  It  should  be  rather 
thicker  than  cream.  When  partly  cold 
add  piece  of  butter — if  added  while  hot 
it  is  apt  to  curdle.  Sweet  or  sour 
cream  may  be  used  instead  of  milk,  but 
is  not  at  all  essential. 

“Here  is  a  useful  little  recipe  for 
jam:  Take  2J/2  pounds  rhubarb,  cut 
into  inch  lengths;  V/2  pounds  rasp¬ 
berries,  four  pounds  sugar.  Boil  30  or 
40  minutes  and  seal  while  hot.  You 
know  rhubarb  takes  the  flavor  of  what¬ 
ever  is  put  with  it,  and  sometimes  rhu¬ 
barb  is  more  plentiful  than  raspberries.” 

A.  E.  F. 

The  foundations  of  national  glory  are 
set  in  the  homes  of  the  people.  They 
will  only  remain  unshaken  while  the 
family  life  of  our  race  and  nation  is 
strong,  simple  and  pure. — King  George 


SENT  TO  ANY  AMERICAN  HOME 


On  30  Day’s 
Free  Trial 

FREIGHT  PREPAID 

Price  $175 

Sold  direct  from  our  factories 
to  your  home.  No  dealers’ 
or  agents’  profit  to  pay. 

Seven  other  styles  to  choose  from, 
ranging  in  price  from  $225  to  $350. 

Send  for  the  beautiful  Meister  Piano 
book  today.  It  illustrates  the  eight 
styles  in  natural  colors  of  the  wood. 
The  one  you  like  is  the  one  we  will 
send  on  30  days’  free  trial. 

The  free  offer  is  intended  to  give  you 
definite  personal  knowledge  of  the 
Melster’s  exquisite  tone  and  construc¬ 
tion.  It  carries  no  obligation  at  all.  Our 
plan  of  sale  is  that  no  one  shall  buy  a 
piano  from  us  without  knowing  what  it 
looks  like,  what  it  can  do,  what  it  is  worth 
and  how  it  compares  with  other  makes. 

If,  after  the  trial,  you  find  the  Meister 
to  be  all  that  we  claim  and  you  decide  to 
buy  it,  we  off ef  you  these  attractive  terms: 

No  Cash  Payment  Down 

Small  Weekly  or  Monthly  Payments 

No  interest  on  payments.  No  extras. 
Piano  stool  and  scarf  free.  Sold  under 
Rothschild  &  Company’s  ten  year  guar¬ 
antee  bond. 

If  the  Meister  Isn’t  better  than 
we  claim  we  will  pay  the  freight 
back  to  our  place  of  business. 

Rothschild  &  Company  is  one  of  Chicago’s 
greatest,  strongest  and  most  able  commercial 
houses.  Their  resources  exceed  $4,000,000.  No 
concern  in  the  world  stands  higher.  Ask  your 
banker.  Every  promise  is  definite  and  wili 
be  kept. 

Send  for  our  free  piano  book  today  and 
learn  all  the  details. 

The  Meister  Piano  Go. 

(Rothschild  &  Company,  Sole  Owners) 
Dept.  12  K  Chicago,  III. 


My  Neighbor  and  I. 

“How  good  the  onions  smell!”  said 
my  neighbor  as  she  looked  in  at  our 
kitchen  door,  a  little  while  before  sup¬ 
per. 

“To-night  we  have  no  meat  in  the 
house,  and  in  these  circumstances  I 
often  seek  refuge  in  soup.  I  guess  you 
make  soup  out  of  nothing  sometimes.” 

“I  only  wish  I  knew  how.  I  did  not 
know  it  could  be  made  without  meat.” 

“We  often  have  it  and  think  it  much 
better  than  no  supper.  Fry  three  or 
four  onions  and  two  or  three  potatoes 
cut  small,  then  add  canned  or  fresh 
Lima  beans  or  a  few  string  beans,  left¬ 
overs  perhaps,  a  few  spoonfuls  of  to¬ 
matoes,  just  any  vegetables  there  may 
happen  to  be  around ;  lacking  these, 
use  a  handful  of  lentils  or  soup  beans 
or  dried  peas,  but  have  a  good  founda¬ 
tion  of  onions,  and  above  all,  fry  them 
first.  Having  made  your  collection,  add 
a  quart  or  more  water  and  boil  till  all  is 
soft.  Some  people  may  prefer  to  rub 


SPEAR  Will  Trust  You® 
Wherever  You  Live— Write 
For  His  Free  Catalog 


With  the  aid  of  this  Big  Bargain  Catalog,  yon  can  select  anything 
you  want— Furniture;  Carpets,  Rugs,  Stoves,  Ranges,  Refrigerators,  Sew¬ 
ing  Machines,  Baby  Carriages,  Co-Carts,  Silverware,  Dishes,  Phonographs, 
Washing  Machines,  Clocks,  etc.,— to  a  greater  advantage  than  if  you  were 
to  visit  personally  even  the  largest  city  stores :  because  we  offer  you  not  only  a  vastly 
larger  and  better  stock  to  choose  from,  but  your  selections  are  made  right  at  home  with 

your  Family  at  your  elbow. 

Pay  When  Convenient 

your  credit  Is  good  with  us.  Why  not  use  it  I  Under 
our  liberal,  open  account,  easy  payment  plan  you  can 
have  every  possible  advantage  in  buying  for  your  home 
possessed  by  the  most  favored  and  well-to-do-shopper  in 
the  city  stores.  Our  credit  system  is  extended  to  honest 
people,  everywhere,  regardless  of  their  income. 

Take  A  Month  To  Decide 

Anything  you  select  will  be  Bhipped  on  ap¬ 
proval.  Keep  the  goods  SO  days.  If  you  are  not 
fully  satisfied,  the  goods  may  be  shipped  back 
to  us  at  our  expense  and  your  first  payment  and 
freight  charges  refunded. _ 


Big  Rocker  Bargain 

Order  No.  C.  W.  531  Price  $4.95 

Terms  75c  Cash  50c  Monthly 

Solid  golden  oak  with  high,  wido  back,  fully  tufted 
and  buttoned  with  heavy  ruftled  edge.  Seat  large 
and  roomy,  upholstered  with  high-grade  black 
Sylvan  leather  over  full  steel  spring  construction. 


Writ©  F or  Froo  Catalog  Today 

Spear  &  Co., Dept.  £025  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


I  A  Personal 
Word 

The  rich  and 

prosperous  class 
can  always  com¬ 
mand  the  lux¬ 
uries  of  life,  but 
the  average 
home  lover  needs 
the  Spear  System 
of  Credit  to  the 
Nation.  I  want 
1,000,000  families 
to  say  of  me: — 
“He  helped  us 
to  furnish  and 
beautify  our 
homes.”  I  asl; 
for  no  higher  tri¬ 
bute  to  my  life’s 
work.  W rite  for 
my  Free  Catalog. 


Spear 

'Pittsburg 


/ 


1 9 J  t. 


©»1 


The  rural  new-yorker 


Grew 
on  Trees 

Nature  would  cover  them  with 
shells,  like  nuts,  protecting  from 
moisture,  mildew,  dirt  and 


insects.  N 

Just  so  are  Uneeda  Biscuit  protected  by  the 
moisture-proof,  dust-proof  package.  It  kee 
them  oven-fresh  and  crisp,  retaining  all  their 
flavor  and  goodness  till  used. 

Think*  it  over  and  you  will  always 
buy  the  protected  kind 


Uneeda 

Biscuit 


Never  Sold 
in  Bulk 


moisture-proof 

packageWSt 


The  Baby  When  Teething. 

Babies  get  their  teeth  at  va.ied  ages; 
the  earliest  I  have  personally  known  a 
baby  to  get  teeth  was  at  four  months 
and  one  week,  when  this  child  had  two, 
but  got  no  others  until  the  normal  time 
for  the  next  ones  to  appear,  at  seven 
months.  The  latest  age  I  have  seen  was 
13  months;  this  child  got  an  upper 
double  tooth  first.  Most  healthy  babies 
cut  a  tooth  or  two  during  the  sixth  or 
seventh  month  of  age;  and  if  the  child 
has  none  by  the  time  the  tenth  month  is 
reached,  I  would  advise  the  mother  to 
tell  her  physician,  who  will  give  her 
directions  about  proper  foods  for  the 
child  to  furnish  material  for  the  teeth. 
Just  before  the  teeth  cut  through  the 
child  is  apt  to  be  restless  and  fretful. 
Occasionally  the  swollen  gums  become 
so  painful  that  the  child,  if  a  nervous 
one,  has  an  attack  of  convulsions ;  the 
physician  should  be  notified  at  once  to 
call,  and  he  may  find  it  necessary  to 
lance  the  gums.  But  before  his  arrival 
the  mother  should  have  hot  water  ready 
to  put  the  baby  in  a  bath  at  once  if 
there  is  another  convulsive  seizure ; 
there  should  be  a  half  teaspoonful  of 
mustard  added  to  an  amount  of  water 
that  would  equal  a  scrub-bucket  full. 

The  baby  will  usually  chew  on  his 
finger  or  anything  he  can  get  to  use,  to 
ease  the  discomforts  of  the  gums,  and 
clean  rubber  or  bone  rings  should  be 
provided.  The  Educator  cracker  is  hard 
baked,  in  the  form  of  a  ring,  for  this 
purpose,  and  the  child  sucks  some  nutri¬ 
ment  from  it  as  well.  These  are  rather 
expensive,  but  the  small,  hard  pretzels 
I  have  seen  children  over  nine  months 
of  age  chew  on  are  cheap.  One  mother 
took  a  cupful  of  dough  when  ready  for 
the  loaves,  kneaded  it  and  cut  it  in 
strips  the  size  of  a  string  bean;  when 
these  were  baked  quite  hard  they  were 
given  the  baby  to  chew  on. 

Some  babies  at  this  time  have  an  ab¬ 
normal  flow  of  saliva  from  the  mouth; 
bibs  are  then  worn  around  the  neck  to 
help  keep  the  baby  dry,  and  the  chin 
should  be  occasionally  dried  off  to  pre¬ 
vent  its  getting  sore.  The  mouth  should 
be  washed  daily  for  a  child  of  the  teeth¬ 
ing  age,  and  oftener  for  younger  babies, 
with  boracic  solution;  this  is  made  by 
taking  the  powder  on  a  teaspoon,  about 
what  would  cover  a  five-cent  piece,  and 
dissolve  the  powdered  boracic  acid  in 
one-half  cup  of  warm  water  that  has 
been  boiled  and  partly  cooled;  then 
add  another  half  cup  of  boiled  water 
and  bottle  or  cover  the  solution.  To 
use,  wrap  clean  absorbent  cotton  or  a 
piece  of  white  cloth,  around  a  finger, 
din  it  in  a  little  of  the  solution  that  has 
been  poured  out  into  another  dish,  and 
clean  every  corner  of  the  baby’s  mouth 
without  hard  pressure ;  this  will  pre¬ 
vent  “baby’s  sore  mouth,”  a  very  painful 
disorder. 

If  the  baby’s  bowel  movements  get 
too  loose,  or  of  a  green  color,  give  two 
teaspoonfuls  of  castor  oil;  this  can  have 
added  to  it  an  equal  amount  of  glycer¬ 
ine,  to  make  it  more  palatable.  The 
action  of  the  oil  cleans  and  tends  to 
heal  the  bowels,  and  frequently  is  the 
only  remedy  needed  to  reduce  a  slight 
fever.  After  this  has  worked  through, 
if  the  bowels  continue  bad,  or  if  the 
child  vomits,  do  not  give  any  oil,  but 
get  a  remedy  from  the  physician,  with¬ 
out  trying  home  treatments;  delays  are 
often  dangerous  in  these  cases. 

The  first  temporary,  or  milk  teeth, 
should  be  kept  very  clean,  for  the  roots 
of  these  are  absorbed  to  help  furnish 
material  for  the  second,  permanent  set; 
upon  the  care  and  health  of  the  first 
teeth  depends  much  of  the  soundness 
and  lasting  qualities  of  the  permanent 
ones.  EDYTHE  STODDARD  SEYMOUR. 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  patterns  and  measurements 
desired. 

The  boy’s  sailor  suit  shown  is  a  very 
satisfactory  model.  The  suit  consists  of 
blouse  and  trousers.  The  blouse  is 
drawn  on  over  the  head,  there  being 
only  a  slight  opening  at  the  front,  which 
is  laced  together  beneath  the  tie.  The 


7136  Boy’s  Sailor  Suit, 

4,  6  and  8  years. 

shield  is  arranged  under  it  and  but¬ 
toned  into  place  beneath  the  sailor  col¬ 
lar.  1  lie  knickerbockers  can  be  finished 
with  bands  at  the  knees  that  are  buckled 
into  place,  or  with  hems  and  elastic. 
For  a  boy  of  6  years  of  age  will  be  re¬ 
quired  4J4  yards  of  material  27,  3% 
yards  36,  or  2l/2  yards  44  inches  wide, 
with  y2  yard  27  inches  wide  for  the 
sailor  collar,  y2  yard  for  the  shield  and 
3M  yards  of  banding  to  trim  as  illus¬ 
trated.  The  pattern,  No.  7136,  is  cut  in 
sizes  for  boys  of  4,  6  and  8  years  of 
age;  price  10  cents. 

The  smaller  pictures  include  7150, 
fancy  peasant  blouse,  34  to  42  bust,  with 
square  neck,  revers  and  frills,  or  with 
high  neck  and  shield,  with  sleeves  gath¬ 
ered  into  cuffs  or  plain.  7151,  girl’s 
one-piece  nightgown,  4  to  12  years,  with 


7  151 


An  overworked  woman  is  a  sad  sight 
— sadder  a  great  deal  than  an  over¬ 
worked  man,  because  she  is  so  much 
more  fertile  in  capacities  of  suffering. — 
Oliver  Wendell  Holmes. 


loose  elbow  sleeves  or  three-quarter 
sleeves  gathered  into  bands.  7156,  semi¬ 
princess  gown,  34  to  42  bust,  with  or 
without  chemisette  and  under-sleeves. 
7153,  skirt  with  deep  tunic  effect,  22  to 
30  waist,  with  high  or  natural  waist 
line.  7155,  girl’s  middy  blouse  dress, 
4,  6  and  8  years,  with  or  without  applied 
yoke,  with  straight  skirt,  that  can  be 
plaited  or  gathered.  Price  of  each,  10 
cents. 


Bologna  Sausage. 

Can  you  give  recipe  for  making  bologna 
sausage  like  that  sold  in  the  shops?  Also 
for  sweet  pickles  (cucumber)  like  you  buy 
at  the  stores?  E.  e.  w. 

Bologna  Sausage.  —  Six  pounds  of 
lean  beef;  one  pound  salt  pork;  three 
pounds  lean  fresh  pork;  one  pound  beef 
suet ;  one  ounce  white  pepper ;  one  tea¬ 
spoonful  ground  mace ;  three  ounces 
salt;  one  teaspoonful  cayenne;  one 
large  onion  chopped  fine.  Chop  the 
meat  and  suet  separately  very  fine,  then 
mix;  add  all  the  seasoning,  and  mix 
thoroughly.  Fill  into  casings  and  tie 
into  lengths,  or  use  strong  linen  bags. 
Make  a  brine  that  will  bear  an  egg; 
put  the  sausage  into  it,  and  let  stand 
two  weeks,  turning  and  skimming  every 
day.  At  the  end  of  the  first  week  throw 
away  the  old  brine,  and  put  the  sausage 
into  new  for  the  second  week;  then 
smoke  for  a  week.  When  smoked  rul} 
over  the  outside  with  olive  oil,  and 
store  in  a  cool,  dark,  dry  place.  If  you 
wish  to  keep  the  sausage  for  any  length 
of  time  sprinkle  the  outside  with  pepper. 

Summer  Sausage. — Use  any  recipe  you 
like  best,  but  use  cloth  casings,  made 
from  muslin,  casings  to  have  a  diameter 
of  three  to  four  inches,  and  length  to 
fit  a  baking  pan.  Casings  are  easily 
made  with  sewing  machine.  Smoke  the 
finished  sausage  to  your  heart’s  content. 
After  smoking  sausage  let  dry  sufficiently, 
which  takes  four  or  five  weeks,  depend¬ 
ing  on  where  hung  to  dry.  The  sausage 
should  be  fit  for  eating,  which  can  read¬ 
ily  be  ascertained  by  cutting  one 
through.  When  dry  enough  melt  a  quan¬ 
tity  of  paraffin — about  one-half  pound 
for  a  dozen  sausages — put  in  baking 
pan,  then  place  the  sausages  therein  and 
roll  about  in  the  hot  paraffin,  one  at  a 
time.  Hang  up  in  a  dry  place  and  they 
will  keep  nicely  and  indefinitely. 

Recipes  for  sweet  pickles  will  be 
found  on  ^age  774,  issue  of  July  22  last. 


OFTEN  IMITATED— NEVER  DUPLICATED 

N«  otter  silk  can  give  you  the  service, 
the  satisfaction,  and  the  value  that  you 
get  when  you  buy  and  wear  Suesine. 

Experience  has  proven  to  thousands  of  fastidious  women 
that  Suesine  Silk  is  for  dressy  uses  or  constant  wear*  for 
every  week  in  the  year  and  for  every  day  in  the  week. 

Season  after  Season,  through  years  of 
use  Suesine  has  proved  its  lasting 
beauty,  its  better  wear  and  its  great 
economy. 

Be  sure  the  name 

SUESINE  SILK 

is  on  every  yard  of  the  selvage.  If 
the  dealer  offers  you  a  substitute, 
don’t  even  think  of  accepting  it. 

These  substitutes  forS  UESINE  may 
e  weighed  down  with  tin.  glue  and 
ron  dust,  which  at  first  sight  make  the 
.abric  pretty,  but  after  a  little  wear 
it  becomes  shabby,  rough,  and  de- 
velopes  holes  and  defects. 

Do  not  accept  these  substitutes, 
which  invariably  give  dissatis¬ 
faction. 

Instead,  tell  your  dealer  you  want 
Suesine  and  ask  him  to  get  it  for  you. 
Then  write  to  us  and 

We  will  send  yon,  absolutely 
free,  forty-two  samples  of  Sue¬ 
sine  Silk  more  than  255  square 
inches  altogether. 

We  ask  only,  that,  when  writing  for 
these  free  samples,  you  will  mention 
the  name  of  your  regular  dry  goods 
dealer,  and  say  whether  he  sells  Sue¬ 
sine  Silk  or  not.  Please  be  sure  to 
give  that  information  in  writing  to  us. 

No  matter  where  you  live,  it  is 
easy  to  get  genuine  Suesine  Silk 

We  do  not  sell  Suesine  Silk  except  through  regular  re¬ 
tail  merchants.  But  if  we  cannot  send  you  the  name  and 
address  of  a  Dealer  in  your  vicinity  who  has  Suesine  Silk, 
we  will  see  that  your  order  is  filled  at  the  same  price,  and 
just  as  conveniently,  by  a  reliable  retail  house,  if  you  en¬ 
close  color  Sample  and  price,  39c.  per  yard. 

The  prices  of  Suesine  Silk  in  CANADA  is  50c  yard. 

Bedford  Mills  Desk  s 

8  to  14  W.  3d  St.  New  York  City 


1  SHADE 
ROLLERS 


,  ,  Original  and  unequalled, 
vyvood  or  tin  rollers.  "Improved 
acquires  no  tacks.  Inventor’s 
signature  on  genuine: 


©92 


October  7, 


THE  KURAI>  NEW-YORKER 

Those  who  have  ants  about  table  and  these  names  are  certainly  great  favorites. 

cupboards  only  are  lucky;  here  in  Texas  Fern,  Violet,  Pansy,  Daisy,  Lily,  Rose 

they  get  into  beds,  eat  the  clothing  and  and  Myrtle  are  very  pretty  indeed  for 

one  awakes  to-  find  ants  stinging  like  children,  but  seem  not  so  suitable  for 

bees.  m.  w.  h.  "grown-ups.” 

t  i  .  ,  ,.  .  {  19  It  is  a  pretty  fashion  just  now  to  call 

I  have  not  bought  ice  for  about  12  v  3  , .  . 

a  child  by  two  names.  The  combinations 

seem  often  to  include  Anne  or  Mary, 


Cold  Water  for  Keeping  Meat. 

On  page  928  O.  B.  M.  desires  to 
know  how  to  refrigerate  without  ice. 

In  the  country,  as  a  rule,  this  is  a  seri¬ 
ous  problem,  as  not  everyone  has  an  ice¬ 
house  to  draw  from ;  on  the  other  hand, 

we  find  on  the  majority  of  farms  wells  years,  having  made  kindling  wood  of 

or  springs  of  excellent  quality  of  water,  my  icebox,  and  have  had  no  trouble  to  or  James.  M  Louise, 

cool  and  clean.  Our  water  here  has  a  keep  steak  or  other  lends  of  meat  for  J  Rose  Anne  and 

temperature  of  50  degrees,  Summer  and  from  one  to  s.x  days  My  husbani  hay<_  a  |easant  sound  t0  me 

Winter,  and  I  dare  say  that  some  deeper  being  an  old  soldier  told  me  how  they  ^  of  ,hdr  associations.  i  think 
wells  are  producing  still  colder  water;  did  on  the  march.  Take  a  clean  piece 
in  fact,  I  have  tested  water  from  some  of  cloth,  lay  it  on  the  table  and  pepper 
wells  which  registered  45  degrees.  A  well;  then  take  meat  and  pepper  that, 

good  house  refrigerator,  well  filled  with  both  sides,  and  roll  up  in  doth,  then  in  satisfactor  Xhen  there  are  How- 

ice,  will  hardly  register  less  than  a2  de-  paper,  and  lay  on  the  cellar  floor,  and  *  Erj  Kenneth  Janicei  Vera_  Bertha, 
grecs.  If  anyone  has  a  well  or  spring  turn  a  wash  tub  or  pan  oyer,  to  keep  .  Natalie,  Josephine,  Agnes, 

of  the  above  description  with  a  tempera-  it  cool.  When  you  cook  it,  if  too  much  ^  ^  Catheri  besidcs  Ursula  and 
ture  of  48  to  50  degrees,  lie  can  solve  pepper,  scrape  a  little  off  or  rinse  m  Ab  that  are  sQ  quaint  and  oId. 

the  problem  of  refrigeration  very  s.m-  cold  water  Mine  keeps  perfectly  sweet.  hioned_a„  deservedly  popu|ar. 

ply,  and  without  great  expense,  say  $5  For  tainted  meat,  wash  in  vinegar  and _ , 

at  the  most.  This  is  'an  idea  which  I  rinse  in  cold  water.  f.  d.  w. 


Pearl  Mary,  Rose  Mary,  Lucy  Anne  and 
Mary  Jane, 
on  account 
I  should  like  Elizabeth  Anne  and  Ruth 
Mary  as  well,  and  John  Alden,  John 
Mark  and  George  Wesley  have  proved 


had  in  my  mind  a  number  of  years,  but 
never  have  made  such  a  refrigerator;  it 
seems  very  practical  and  will  fill  the 
bill  admirably. 


Naming  the  Baby. 

What  to  name  the  baby  is  often  » 
vexing  question,  for  there  are  usually 
A  galvanized  iron  box,  say  three  feet  so  many  people  to  please.  It  seems  as  if 
long,  two  feet  wide  and  2)4  feet  high,  there  are  names  enough  so  that  one  “^[‘“canned  "beets 


A  COLD-WATER  REFRIGERATOR  Fig.  396. 


with  an  inner  box  two  inches  smaller 
and  closed  in  front;  a  few  stays  must 
be  put  between  the  two  boxes  to  keep 
them  apart  two  inches,  and  brace  them 
at  the  same  time.  An  inlet  on  top  with 
a  funnel  will  admit  the  water,  which 
fills  the  space  all  around  the  box.  When 
the  water  becomes  too  warm  it  can  be 
let  off  at  the  outlet.  The  water  should 
be  renewed  twice  a  day;  the  box  should 
be  put  in  the  coolest  place,  preferably 
in  the  cellar  near  the  wall.  If  running 
water  can  be  used,  the  question  becomes 
very  simple;  attach  a  rubber  hose  to 
your  nearest  outlet  and  connect  with 
the  inlet  of  the  box.  In  this  way  it 
would  be  advisable  to  have  a  continual 
running  stream,  regulated  by  the  spig- 
got  on  top  and  outlet  below.  The  in¬ 


might  be  chosen  that  would  suit  all  the 
family  at  least.  It  is  a  good  plan  to 
talk  over  names  awhile  before  giving 
them  to  helpless  children.  Imagine  the 
feelings  of  the  twins  who  were  christ¬ 
ened  Hamilton  and  Eglantine,  but  were 
always  called  Ham  and  Eggs!  Plain, 
sensible  names  are  liked  best,  by  the 
majority  of  people,  such  as  William, 
Edward,  •  Charles,  George,  Frederick, 
Mary,  Sarah,  Clara,  Edith  and  Florence, 
or  else  very  old-fashioned  ones  as 
Lucian,  Alfred,  Robert,  Martin,  Wesley, 
Elizabeth,  Cornelia,  Dorothy,  Beatrice, 
Nancy  and  Helen.  There  are  many 
Bible  names  that  are  favorites  such  as 
James,  John,  Nathaniel,  Paul,  Luke, 
Mark,  Miriam,  Esther  and  Ruth.  Per¬ 
sonally  I  like  these  old-fashioned  names 


To  Can  Beets  Without  Vinegar. 

The. only  way  I  have  ever  heard  of 
is  to  use  the  jars  with  metal  caps. 
They  have  not  been  in  use  more  than 
three  or  four  years,  around  here.  As 
my  husband  and  I  are  very  fond  of 

and  neither  of  us 
like  them  with  vinegar,  I  had  made 
many  attempts  to  find  a  way  to  can 
them,  and  find  these  jars  just  perfec¬ 
tion  for  them.  Prepare  them  as  for 
cooking,  pack  into  the  jars,  fill  with 
cold  water,  salted  a  little.  Put 
covers,  having  the  jars  running  o 
and  the  clamps.  Place  in  a  kettle 
pour  in  cold  water  up  to  the  ne 
Boil  two  hours.  It  can  be  less  t 
We  usually  eat  them  cold  for  supper, 
as  they  come  from  the  jar;  but,  if 
preferred  warm,  the  best  way  I  have 
found  to  heat  them  so  as  to  preserve 
the  rich,  red  color  is  to  set  the  jar 
in  cold  or  warm  water  and  heat  it 
till  the  beets  in  the  jar  are  thoroughly 
heated.  I  find  in  my  recipe  book  (one 
comes  with  every  box  of  a  dozen 
caps)  they  say  to  boil  the  beets  in  a 
saucepan  thirty  minutes  then  remove 
carefully  the  skins  and  pack  into  these 
metal-topped  jars.  Fill  with  cold  salted 
water,  cover  and  clamp,  and  boil  one 
hour.  MRS.  L.  c.  L. 


Delicious  Canned  Beets. — One  quart 
vinegar,  2  quarts  water,  2  cups  sugar, 
one  heaping  tablespoonful  salt.  Boil 
and  skim  and  pour  boiling  hot  over  the 
cooked  beets,  and  seal  while  hot.  The 
beets  should  be  young,  small  and  ten¬ 
der;  if  large  they  can  be  cut  in  quar¬ 
ters  or  slices  after  they  are  cooked. 
Peel  them  after  they  are  well  cookfd 
and  put  in  glass  jars  (that  have  been 
heated  hot  in  hot  water).  Cover  the 


beets  with  the  boiling  vinegar,  sugar, 
terior  of  this  box  or  refrigerator  should.  ^iat  have  stood  the  test  of  time,  best  sa|t  an(j  water>  Seal  at  once, 
have  a  temperature  of  from  55  to  60  a^'  Names  that  have  a  meaning  as  MRS-  B  B  B 

degrees.  Don’t  forget  three  one-inch  tlope,  I  ruman,  haith,  Grace  and  Manley 
air  holes  in  each  door.  It  is  obvious  to  are  aH°  favorites  of  mine, 
state  that  this  box  can  be  made  any  size,  Surnames  are  much  uspd  as  given 
according  to  necessity.  Fig.  396  shows  a  names.  The  following  are  always  suit- 
rough  sketch  which  may  assist  some-  able:  Leigh,  Byron,  Sumner,  Manley, 
what.  If  this  idea  is  adopted  by  any  of  Maurice  or  Morris,  Floyd,  Lloyd,  Ev- 
the  readers  of  this  article  I  should  be  erett,  Everest,  Clifford,  Clinton,  Clay- 
pleased  to  receive  a  line  from  them  ex-  ton,  Howard,  Irvine.  Thege  names  have 
plaining  how  they  proceed  with  it.  The  individuality  but  are  only  suitable  for 


TRONCIyAD 

DRESS  GALATEA 


HI 


will  % 


VmA 


The  winsome,  crisp,  deaf 
standard  patterns  of  IRON- 
CLAD--attractive  checks. Sty lish 
Stripes,  dots,  plaids,  etc  ,  in  every 
conceivable  shade- -are  just  the 
thin9  for  smart  house  gowns, 
afternoon  toilettes  as  well  as  ‘ 
for  children's  school  frocks. 
IRONCLAD  has  a  record 
for  resisting  the  "rub  of  the  i 
tub."  It  has  a  beautiful  soft  ] 
finish  with  weight  "just 
right11  for  graceful  drape. 

Host  of  women  have  dis¬ 
covered  that  in  every  way 
“It  Pays  To 
Make  It  Up” 

More  than  yards  wide. 

1 5c  the  yard--a  little 
more  in  the  West. 

See  the  wonderful  variety 
of  standard  patterns  at  your 
dealer’s,  as  well  as  the  modish 
French  Effects,  smart  English 
Welts,  etc.  If  your  dealer  can¬ 
not  supply  you  write  for  samples. 

FRANKLIN  MFG.  CO. 

Mfr*s  of  Famous 
'Moneyworth"  Fabrics 
126  W.  Fayette  St.,  Balto.,  Md. 


if] 


1  " 

L-g_: 

) 

1 1 

50  5 

M 

m 

“Light 

Work” 


There  is  no  needless  delay 
about  putting  the  horses  up 
for  the  night  and  getting  into 
your  own  comfortable  home 
when  the  work  is  lighted — 
and  lightened — by  a  Rayo 
lantern.  Rayo  lanterns  give 
such  a  strong,  steady  light 
you  can  put  your  hand  on 
what  you  want  in  a  second. 

Rayo  lanterns  are  the  best 
and  brightest  on  the  market. 

Made  in  all  kinds  of  styles 
and  sizes,  to  suit  any  use. 

Finest  material  and  workman¬ 
ship;  most  light  for 
the  oil  consumed* 
will  not  blow  out. 

All  Rayo  lanterns  are 
equipped  with  selected  Rayo 
globes,  clear,  red  or  green, 
as  desired.  Wicks  inserted 
in  burners,  ready  to  light. 

Dealers  everywhere;  or 
write  for  descriptive  circular 
direct  to  any  agency  of  the 

Standard  Oil  Company 

(Incorporated) 


doors  are  of  wood  and  must  close  tight¬ 
ly.  C.  E.  WALDECK. 


boys,  though  the  surnames  of  Melrose, 
Jocelyn,  Allison  and  Leslie  might  do  for 

- -  girls’  names  [Jocelyn,  Allison  or  Alison 

Keeping  Meat  Without  Ice;  Ants.  and  Leslie  are  all  feminine  Christian 
I  see  O.  B.  M.  asks  how  to  keep  fresh  names,  Jocelyn  or  Joyce  being  Eng- 
meat  in  hot  weather  after  the  ice  gives  lish,  Alison  and  Leslie  or  Lesley,  Scot- 
out.  If  O.  B.  M.  will  put  the  meat  in  a  tisll. — Eds.] 

jar  or  crock,  cover  it  with  buttermilk  it  is  best  to  avoid  names  that  might  be- 
and  put  it  in  a  cool  place  it  will  keep;  long  to  either  sex  as  Francis  or  Merle, 
just  how  long  I  do  not  know,  as  I  did  as  their  use  is  often  confusing.  Many 

not  try  to  keep  it  but  a  day  or  two  at  people  have  a  fancy  for  odd  names, 

a  time,  but  one  told  me  she  had  tried  it  often  coining  them.  I  have  grown  fa- 

and  kept  it  four  or  five  days.  miliar  with  the  following,  and  they 

Several  ask  how  to  get  rid  of  ants,  seem,  somehow,  to  suit  their  owners : 
They  can  be  kept  off  tables,  cupboards,  Georgivieve,  Glenada,  Norine,  Lanah, 
etc.,  by  keeping  same  away  from  walls  Faire,  Ananda,  Levantia,  Oleta,  Leota, 
and  tying  or  pinning  a  strip  of  “Hoodoo  Gracia,  Aires  (pronounced  like  heiress), 
Magic”  ant  paper  about  each  leg  of  Graydon  and  Clifton.  The  following  list 
table  or  cupboard.  As  long  as  the  paper  might  be  termed  horticultural,  though 
is  not  wet,  ants  will  not  crawl  over  it.  one  need  not  make  fun  of  them,  for 


€*It*s  the  Finest  Fish  I  Ever  Saw” 

That  is  what  every  one  says  of  our 

NABOB  BRAND 

of  Absolutely  Boneless  Georges 

CODFISH 


Food  with 
the  Ocean 
Taste 


The  fish  from  which  this  is  made  are 
caught  on  those  Banks  where  the  best 
and  thickest  codfish  are  found.  It  is  the 
finest  selection  of  the  catch,  cut  into  thick, 
white,  flaky  pieces,  all  bones  removed. 
The  fish  is  carefully  packed  in  an  improved 
hinge-cover  box  lined  with  wax  paper. 

You  can  not  (Jet  fish  of  a  quality  like  this 
anywhere  except  from  us. 

A  trial  4-lb  box,  51.00  (5-lb.  box  $1.20;  10-lb.  box,  $2.35)  delivered 
anywhere  in  the  immediate  confines  of  the  United  States  and  at 
residences  where  express  companies  make  such  deliveries. 

Send  for  price-list  of  Mackerel,  Halibut,  Lobster,  Sardines 
and  all  sorts  of  salt-water  products  of  the  highest  quality. 

CONSUMERS  FISH  COMPANY,  61  Commercial  St.,  Gloucester,  Mass. 


From 
Ocean  to 
Consumer 


1911. 


THE  KUKAb  NEW-YORKER 


993 


The  Children’s  Pantry. 

The  oilier  day  1  went  visiting  and  the 
lady  on  whom  I  called  had  a  small  son 
of  six  or  seven  sturdy  Summers.  He 
came  prancing  in  from  school  in  a  great 
wave  of  fresh  outdoors,  and  was  as 
quickly  gone  again  after  a  rush  raid  on 
the  pantry.  A  bit  later  my  hostess  ex¬ 
cused  herself  a  little  hastily,  and  when 
she  came  back  sank  wearily  into  her 
chair. 

“How  do  you  keep  cooked  up  ?”  she 
asked.  “That  boy  has  gone  off  with  a 
whole  morning’s  baking.  I  made  an 
angel  cake  and  cream  puffs  to-day,  and 
there  isn’t  a  puff  in  sight  (I  made  a 
dozen),  and  there  is  just  a  smell  of 
angel  cake  around  the  edges  of  the  hole 
in  the  middle!”  _She  smiled  ruefully. 
“I  want  him  to  have  enough  to  eat  I 
But  I  never  saw  such  a  capacity.” 

“Well,”  I  said  apologetically.  “You 
•  know  everyone  is  supposed  to  have 
theories  to  practise  on  their  first  child 
and  then  the  others  get  the  benefit  of 
experience.  But  anyway  I’d  never  give 
a  child  in  my  care  the  run  of  the  pantry.” 

“You  mean  you  would  set  them  out  so 
much  for  a  luncheon?  It  seems — well, 
so  cold  and  scrimpy.” 

“Oh,  no.  I  don’t  mean  that  way. 
Sometimes  one  is  hungrier  than  others 
you  know,  and  besides,  you  don’t  know 
how  your  son’s  stomach  is  talking,  so 
how  can  you  answer?  No,  let  each  child 
tend  to  his  own  needs  would  be  my  way. 

I  would  make  one  hard  and  fast  rule — 
no  child  could  touch  the  general  supply 
without  first  being  told  he  might  do  so, 
and  I  should  almost  never  give  permis¬ 
sion  so  that  they  would  not  think  of 
asking — but  I  would  take  a  little  more 
thought  and  save  work.  I’d  have  a  few 
big  pails  and  stone  jars  conveniently  sit¬ 
uated,  and  I’d  keep  them  filled  with  sim¬ 
ple  fresh  eatables  for  the  children  to  eat 
from  as  they  wished  when  coming  home 
from  school  and  the  younger  ones  at 
their  usual  mid-morning  and  afternoon 
hours.  It  is  worse  than  folly  to  fill  up 
growing  kiddies  on  delicate  desserts. 

The  mother  looked  at  me  quizzically. 
“Well,”  she  said,  “so  far  your  theory 
sounds  well.  I  wonder  how  it  would 
work !” 

“It  would  never  work  unless  you 
cooked  for  the  children,  from  the  child’s 
standpoint.”  I  began  to  warm  to  my  sub¬ 
ject,  for  I  had  a  listener,  and  my  hobby 
was  ever  ready  for  an  airing.  “I’d  give 
them  all  the  dainties  at  the  table,  also 
the  meat,  eggs  and  concentrated  foods, 
but  I’d  put  lots  of  fibre  into  those  pails 
and  jars.” 

“Well,”  she  laughed.  "I'm  going  to 
give  it  a  try  out.  My  larder  is  as  empty 
as  it  was  five  hours  ago,  and  I’ve  got 
to  start  over  again.  Is  it  all  theory  or 
do  your  perchance  have  a  few  practical 
suggestions  in  the  way  of  recipes?” 

“Well,  yes;  I  have  a  few  ideas  that 
I’ve  tried  successfully  on  a  bunch  of 
kiddies  once.  To  begin  with  I  make 
doughnuts.” 

“Oh  mercy!”  she  interrupted.  “So 
heavy !” 

“Without  eggs,”  I  continued  grimly. 
“But  eggs  are  so  nourishing,”  she  pro¬ 
tested. 

“I  know  it,”  I  retorted,  “that’s  why  I 
leave  them  out — they’re  far  too  nourish¬ 
ing.  I’m  after  bulk.  There  is  my  rule,” 
and  I  scribbled  hastily  on  a  pad  from  her 
desk : 

“Kiddies’  Doughnuts. — V/2  cup  sugar, 
teaspoonful  cinnamon,  pinch  of  salt, 
tablespoonful  lard,  \y2  cups  of  milk 
(skim),  flour  (entire  wheat)  to  make 
very  stiff.  This  makes  a  four-quart 
earthen  pudding  pan  full.  To  save  work 
I  cut  out  a  board  full  and  I  fry  every¬ 
thing,  the  real  doughnuts — the  little  one 
from  the  middle  and  the  odd  pieces  be¬ 
tween  rounds.  It  only  takes  half  as 
long.” 

“Yes,  but  what  makes  them  rise?”  she 
asked  humbly.  I  felt  like  a  pricked  bal¬ 
loon  as  I  hastily  added  “the  usual 
amount  of  baking  powder.”  Another  pail 


for  squares  of  plain  johnny-cake;  a 
quart  of  unsifted  common  cornmeal, 
half  cup  of  molasses,  l/2  cup  of  sugar,  a 
little  salt,  a  quart  of  sour  milk,  and  a 
teaspoonful  saleratus.  I  tell  you  it  will 
fill  that  empty  place  to  perfection.” 

“Dog-bread,  chicken-feed  1”  she  mur¬ 
mured  faintly. 

“And  oatmeal  bread  spread  with 
quince  butter  or  some  simple  fruit  pulp 
— not  jelly.  It  is  late,  I  must  hurry 
home.  Why,  I’d  no  idea  what  time  it 
was !”  I  cried  conscience  smitten  at  last. 

“But  do  you  suppose  he’ll  eat  this?” 

“Well  it  is  different  from  seafoam  and 
rainbows,  but  I  fondly  imagine  he  will 
like  the  idea  of  owning  a  pantry.  I  do 
think  he  will  eat  and  be  satisfied,  satis¬ 
fied  as  he  never  has  been  in  his  life.  A 
child  naturally  craves  what  will  do  the 
most  for  it,  and  often  takes  what  it  can 
get.”  Then  I  remembered  and  ran  way 
back  to  add  emphatically,  if  somewhat 
breathlessly:  “Apples,  raw,  crisp  and 

cold,  don’t  forget — under  any  conditions 
will  you — plenty  of  them.  Now  I’ve  sim¬ 
ply  got  to  scurry  and  catch  up  with  my 
supper-time !  Good-bye.” 

ADAH  COLCORD  BARNES. 


firmly  after  this.  Chill  for  three  or  four 
hours,  packing  closely  in  equal  parts 
ice  and  salt.  It  must  not  be  stirred. 
Serve  in  dainty  cups  or  little  tumblers. 

I  shall  give  you  my  recipe  for  muffins 
which  I  learned  from  a  man  demonstrat¬ 
ing  a  baking  powder, while  living  in  Grand 
Rapids,  Mich.  Two  cups  white  flour  or 
one  white  and  a  good  half  cup  whole 
wheat  flour,  into  which  sift  one  tea¬ 
spoon  salt,  one  heaping  teaspoon  bak¬ 
ing  powder,  two  teaspoons  sugar,  add 
one  tablespoon  shortening,  one  egg 
without  beating  and  one  cup  milk.  Beat 
hard  till  thoroughly  mixed.  Turn  into 
muffin  pans  and  bake  in  hot  oven  15  or 
20  minutes.  Delicious,  and  so  soon 
made.  mrs.  m.  b.  m. 


Some  Favorite  Recipes. 

Best  Rice  Pudding. —  (As  people  us¬ 
ually  make  it  is  not  fit  to  eat.)  I  take 
about  four  heaping  tablespoons  washed 
rice,  about  one  quart  and  one  pint  milk, 
cup  sugar  and  stir  in  a  good  half  spoon¬ 
ful  salt  when  about  half  cooked.  Stir 
the  cream  in  through  it  every  15  or  20 
minutes  till  all  rice  is  tender,  then  let  it 
cook  gently  and  brown  slightly.  All 
the  time  the  oven  must  be  moderate.  I 
usually  bake  one  when  I  iron  (not 
every  time  I  iron),  and  if  oven  gets  too 
hot  I  leave  the  door  ajar.  Bake  two  or 
three  hours  till  creamy,  not  dry.  A 
handful  of  seeded  raisins  or  figs  or 
dates  added  when  half  cooked  is  a 
change.  My  family  think  it  the  most 
delicious  of  puddings.  Eat  hot  or  cold. 

I  must  tell  you  how  I  make  my  tap¬ 
ioca  pudding,  for  my  husband  thinks  it 
the  best  lie  gets,  and  he  is  a  commercial 
traveler.  Use  pearl  tapioca,  three  or  four 
tablespoonfuls  soaked  over  night  or  put 
on  in  the  morning  on  back  of  range 
in  more  than  enough  water  to  cover. 
Let  get  hot  and  cook  till  transparent. 
Then  add  scant  quart  milk  and  let  get 
hot  but  not  boil.  Add  cup  sugar,  then 
add  one  or  two  beaten  eggs  and  stir 
till  creamy,  but  do  not  let  boil  or  it  will 
curdle.  Take  from  fire  and  add  a  little 
salt,  one-half  spoonful,  and  lemon, 
vanilla  or  other  flavoring.  Eat  cold. 

I  saw  in  “Good  Plousekeeping”  an¬ 
other  marmalade  recipe,  which  reads 
“good.”  One-half  pint  orange  juice, 
one-half  pint  sugar,  juice  of  two  lemons, 
a  half  cup  seeded  Malaga  grapes,  and 
heaping  tablespoon  stewed  figs.  Boil  to 
desired  thickness.” 

Some  one  not  long  since  asked  in 
your  paper  for  a  recipe  for  crullers. 
This  was  sent  to  me  by  a  neighbor 
years  ago  and  I  used  it  till  I  saw  the 
recipe  for  “batter  nuts”  in  The  R. 
N.-Y.  I  have  used  the  “batter  nuts” 
since  as  they  are  so  simple  and  quick  to 
do  and  so  good. 

Crullers. — Two  quarts  flour,  four 
cups  sugar,  one-half  cup  butter,  four 
eggs,  one  pint  sweet  milk,  four  tea¬ 
spoons  baking  powder,  one  teaspoon 
salt,  nutmeg  or  other  flavor  to  taste. 
These  are  good. 

Maple  mousse  from  “Everyday  House¬ 
keeping”  is  a  delightful  dainty  and 
often  served  at  an  afternoon  tea  or  as 
dinner  dessert.  It  is  easily  made,  and  the 
expense  is  trifling.  Mix  together  one 
pint  heavy  cream  and  one  cup  maple 
syrup  and  beat  with  a  rotary  egg  beater 
until  the  mixture  is  thick  to  the  very 
bottom  of  the  bowl.  Turn  into  a  chilled 
mould,  cover  with  a  sheet  of  paraffin 
paper  and  press  the  mould  cover  on 


Canned  Beets. — Boil  beets  in  salted 
water  until  tender.  Cook  together  two 
cups  vinegar,  two  cups  water,  V/2  cup 
sugar.  Peel  beets  and  pour  syrup  over 
them  boiling  hot,  seal  in  cans  at  once. 
Another  way:  Boil  beets  until  tender  in 
salted  water.  Make  a  syrup  of  one  quart 
water  and  one  cup  sugar.  Peel  beets, 
pour  hot  syrup  over  them,  and  seal 
while  hot.  Either  recipe  gives  good  re¬ 
sults.  LUCILLE  H. 

Crab  Apple  Sauce. — As  I  am  making 
my  crab  apple  sauce  to-day  it  reminds 
me  that  there  might  be  others  who 
would  like  to  try  it  if  they  knew  about 
it.  I  use  only  the  largest,  and  while 
they  are  still  hard,  quarter  and  core, 
but  do  not  peel,  put  plenty  of  sugar  and 
a  good  supply  of  raisins  with  them,  and 
cook  slowly  till  the  pieces  are  clear. 
Put  in  cans  and  seal.  We  think  it 
splendid.  mrs.  l.  c.  l. 

Layer  Cake  Without  Eggs. — Cream 
together  one  cup  sugar  and  butter  the 
size  of  an  egg.  Sift  thoroughly  in  an¬ 
other  dish  one  cup  flour,  one  tablespoon¬ 
ful  cornstarch,  two  teaspoonfuls  baking 
powder.  Put  these  together  and  wet  up 
with  one  cup  sweet  milk.  Add  the 
milk  gradually,  as  in  so  doing  more 
beating  is  required,  and  that  is  a  very 
important  point  in  order  to  make  this 
cake  light  and  feathery,  as  in  most  cakes 
where  eggs  are  required. 

MRS.  l.  c.  L. 

Shortcake. — For  the  benefit  of  those 
who  care  for  it,  I  would  like  to  give 
my  rule  for  shortcake.  Take  one  gen¬ 
erous  cup  of  flour,  a  little  salt,  one 
teaspoonful  of  cold  lard,  one  teaspoon¬ 
ful  baking  powder  sifted  through  the 
flour;  work  the  lard  evenly  into  the 
flour  with  a  spoon,  then  add  sweet  milk 
enough  to  make  a  stiff  batter,  too  thick 
to  drop  from  the  spoon.  Scrape  it  out 
of  the  mixing  bowl  into  the  greased 
tin,  patting  it  out  smoothly  with  a  wet 
spoon,  higher  at  the  sides  than  the  mid¬ 
dle;  bake  in  a  hot  oven  15  minutes,  split, 
butter  generously  and  spread  with  any 
fruit  preferred,  letting  fruit  form  the 
top  layer.  m  rs.  c. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


THERE  IS 

absolutely 
no  word  to  express 
the  efficacy  of 

Scott’s 

Emulsion 

in  the  treatment 
- of - 

COUGHS,  COLDS 
BRONCHITIS 
CATARRH,  GRIPPE 

AND 

RHEUMATISM 


ALL  DRUGGISTS 


11-51 


Direct  from  Factory,  Freight  Prepaid 
and  Guaranteed  by  the  Manufacturer 

You  can  buy  a  Gold  Coin  Stove  from  us  to 
#20  less  than  dealer’s 
prices.  We  pay  freight; 
safe  delivery  insured, 
polished  and  all  ready 
to  set  up. 

“Satisfaction  or  your 
money  back  any  time 
within  1  year” 
is  our  written 
guaranty. 

Free  Catalog 
—Illustrates 
all  our  Stoves, 
(lives  Pr  ice 
List  and  tells  our 
Plan  and  Offer. 
Send  for  it. 

Gold  Coin  Stove  Co. 

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Polish  Your  Silver 

with  Treadwell’s  Polishing  Cloth.  Always 
ready  for  use.  No  muss,  no  dirt,  no  dust. 
Will  produce  a  higher  luster  and  do  it  quicker 
than  any  other  polish. 

Cloth,  12x’i0  inches;  by  mail  postpaid,  25c. 
C.  E.  TREADWELL 

1857  California  Street,  Denver,  Colo. 


HONEST  MAN  OR  WOMAN  WANTED 

in  every  town  to  represent  well-known  wholesale  firm. 
Experience  unnecessary.  Must  furnish  good  refer¬ 
ences.  Easy,  pleasant  work.  Fair  salary  to  start. 

McLEAN  BLACK  &  CO.,  Ill  Doty  Building,  Boston,  Mats. 


We  will  send  Without  Monsy 
either  this  beautiful  cluster  of 
puffs  made  of  fine  human  hair  or 
a  switch  ol  lustrous,  straight  or 
wavy  human  ha1r22  inrhea  long. 
Examine  it  in  your  home  and 
convince  yourself  that  it  ia  the 
biggest  bargain  you  could  get* 
If  satisfactory  remit  $1  .f.O  for  the 
puffs  or  $2  for  the  switch.  Other¬ 
wise  return  the  article  within 
10  days  Blonde  or  gray  shades 
cost  a  lit  tie  move.  Send  sample  of 
hair.  A*k  for  new  free  catalog. 
LEADING  FASHION  CO. 
153  Sixth  Ave.,  New  York 


RUNNING  WATER 

WHEN  AND  WHERE  YOU  WANT  IT 

Water  pumped  day  and  night  automatically 
from  nearby  stream,  pond  or  spring.  No 
expense  ;  no  attention  ;  no  repairs.  A 

FOSTER  Sif,";  RAM  SJ7.S 

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of  helpful  suggestions. 

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994 


THE  RUKAI>  NEW-YORKEH 


October  7, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

DAIRYING  IN  FLORIDA. 

Is  Florida  to  be  a  dairy  State  or  is  it 
not?  That  is  the  question  that  is  now 
in  process  of  being  solved.  However,  I 
am  not  sure  that  it  cannot  be  solved  to 
the  satisfaction  of  all  at  the  present  mo¬ 
ment.  There  seems  to  be  at  least 
enough  data  now  at  hand  to  give  us 
some  valuable  information.  Apparently 
the  most  serious  drawback  to  the  dairy 
interests  of  the  State  is  the  lack  of 
good  dairy  cows.  On  January  1,  1910, 
Florida  was  credited  with  95,000  head  of 
milk  cows.  This  is  about  one  cow  for 
every  seven  people,  a  rather  poor  show¬ 
ing  for  a  dairy  State.  The  States  of 
Iowa  and  Wisconsin  have  nearly  as 
many  milk  cows  as  inhabitants.  It  is 
not,  however,  so  much  the  number  of 
cows  in  any  one  State,  but  rather  the 
ability  of  those  cows  to  handle  raw  ma¬ 
terial  from  which  they  manufacture 
dairy  products,  that  is  of  importance. 
The  individuality  of  the  cow  is  the  im¬ 
portant  consideration.  However,  even 
individuality  is  not  all.  No  matter 
what  the  individual  superiority  of  the 
animals,  if  they  are  not  supplied  with 
the  necessary  feed  it  should  not  be  ex¬ 
pected  that  they  would  be  profitable 
dairy  cows. 

Florida  produces  an  abundance  of 
good  nutritious  feeds  that  are  valuable 
both  as  grain  and  forage  crops  in  the 
production  of  milk.  Such  feeds  are 
Velvet  beans,  Japanese  cane,  Para 
grass,  cow  peas,  beggarweed,  corn  and 
Soy  beans.  If  the  Florida  dairymen 
will  give  as  much  attention  to  the  selec¬ 
tion  and  feeding  of  his  herds  and  the 
handling  of  the  products  as  do  the 
most  successful  dairymen  in  other 
States,  they  will  be  as  liberally  reward¬ 
ed  for  their  efforts.  Candidly,  it  ap¬ 
pears  to  an  observer  as  if  the  purpose 
in  view  in  breeding  the  cattle  of  Flor¬ 
ida  has  been  to  increase  the  number 
without  regard  to  the  type  of  usefulness 
of  the  offspring.  Although  we  have 
many  poor  dairy  cows  in  the  State,  we 
also  have  a  few  good  ones  and  a  few 
good  dairy  bulls.  The  Florida  Agri¬ 
cultural  Experiment  Station  has  done  a 
considerable  amount  of  work  in  testing 
feed  and  keeping  accurate  data  as  to  the 
cost  of  producing  a  gallon  of  milk. 
With  a  ration  composed  of  wheat  bran 
and  wheat  shorts  fed  in  equal  parts,  and 
cotton-seed  meal  fed  one  part  to  four 
parts  of  bran  and  shorts  by  weight,  the 
cost  per  gallon  of  milk,  including  labor, 
was  17  cents.  With  a  ration  composed 
of  wheat  bran,  cotton-seed  meal,  and 
sweet  potatoes,  including  labor,  the  cost 
per  gallon  was  22  cents.  W  ith  the  same 
ration,  except  that  sorghum  silage  was 
substituted  for  the  sweet  potatoes,  the 
cost  per  gallon  was  19  cents. 

In  another  feeding  experiment,  con¬ 
ducted  last  Winter,  feeding  Velvet 
beans  in  the  pod,  wheat  bran  and  silage, 
the  cost  per  gallon,  including  labor,  was 
17  cents.  In  the  same  experiment  where 
cotton-seed  meal  replaced  the  Velvet 
beans,  the  cost  per  gallon,  including  la¬ 
bor,  was  20.5  cents. 

These  prices  may  seem  high,  but  we 
must  consider  that  no  allowance  has 
been  made  for  the  manure  produced. 
The  item  of  manure  ought  to  offset  the 
labor.  We  should  also  remember  that 
the  wholesale  price  of  milk  is  30  cents 
per  gallon,  and  the  retail  price  40  to  50 
cents  per  gallon.  So  long  as  milk  stays 
at  its  present  price  there  will  be  no 
money  in  putting  butter  on  the  market. 
In  fact  there  is  not  much  need  for  the 
dairymen  to  produce  butter,  as  there  is 
a  big  demand  for  whole  milk.  There  is 
also  another  big  market  supply,  and  that 
is  the  demand  for  cream  by  the  ho¬ 
tels  and  ice  cream  parlors  in  our  cities. 
At  the  present  time  Jacksonville,  Tam¬ 
pa  and  Pensacola,  Fla.,  and  a  number 
of  other  cities  are  shipping  in  both 
cream  and  milk  from  States  farther 
north.  If  the  results  of  these  experi¬ 
ments  are  of  any  value  at  all,  it  would 
seem  that  the  dairyman  who  goes  at  it 
in  a  business-like  way  has  as  much 
chance  for  success  in  Florida  as  in  any 
other  State.  Perhaps  the  chief  reason 
for  the  dairymen  in  Florida  being  slow 
in  improving  their  dairy  herds  is  due 
to  Texas  fever.  This  fever,  as  is  now 
well  known,  is  transmitted  from  one  ani¬ 
mal  to  the  other  by  ticks.  Animals 
reared  in  a  tick-infested  section  become 
immune  to  the  fever  while  quite  young 
(from  one  to  three  months  of  age).  At 
this  age  the  loss  sustained  is  small. 
However,  when  animals  over  one  year 
of  age  are  taken  to  a  tick-infested  sec¬ 
tion  the  Texas  fever,  or  tick  fever,  as 
it  is  commonly  called,  is  very  likely  to 
prove  fatal  to  a  very  large  percentage 
of  animals.  This,  no  doubt,  has  been 


the  greatest  drawback  to  the  bringing  in 
of  good  dairy  cows  from  the  dairy  sec¬ 
tions  farther  north,  or,  in  other  words, 
from  above  the  quarantine  line. 

We  have  a  few  pioneers  who  have 
had  the  courage  to  blaze  the  way.  As 
a  result  of  this  good  work  we  can  now 
find  scattered  about  the  State  a  number 
of  small  herds  of  good  dairy  animals. 
Most  of  these  herds  have  good  founda¬ 
tion  stock  in  them.  Often  the  few 
breeders  of  purebred  animals  have  ex¬ 
pended  large  sums  of  money  for  good 
foundation  stock.  Some  have  become 
discouraged,  due  to  the  fact  that  when 
they  offered  good  purebred  animals  for 
sale  the  prices  received  were  far  from 
remunerative,  and  the  sales  very  low. 
The  ordinary  producer  (not  breeder) 
seems  determined  not  to  pay  more  than 
meat  prices  for  males  to  infuse  im¬ 
proved  blood  in  his  herd ;  and  the 
breeder  cannot  make  a  living  producing 
them  at  such  prices. 

“I  tip  my  hat  to  the  bull.  I  take  it 
clear  off  to  the  purebred  bull.  The 
grade  undoubtedly  had  his  mission,  and 
in  saying  good-bye  to  him  I  think  we 
may  fittingly  add:  Many  thanks  for 
past  favors ;  perhaps  you  may  have  a 
small  mission  yet  with  us,  in  spots,  but 
be  wise — become  a  steer.” 

JOHN  M.  SCOTT. 


HANDLING  KICKING  COW. 


I  have  a  nervous  cow  which  is  a  fine 
milker.  I  got  upset  unexpectedly  a  few 
times  so  fixed  up  the  rig  illustrated. 
This  is  also  fine  for  cows  with  bad  wire 
cuts  on  teats.  It  can  be  placed  on  cow 
and  taken  off  within  a  minute.  “A”  is  a 
lug  I  took  off  an  old  wagon  box  and 
spiked  onto  side  of  sliding  stanchion 
bar.  “B,”  ring  bolted  to  end  of  barn 


with  stout  rope  tied  into  it.  “C,”  pole 
to  hold  cow  against  barn  with.  I  left 
small  part  of  limb  on  end  of  pole  and 
if  necessary  tie  rope  from  there  to 
ankle  joint  of  cow.  To  use  insert  end 
of  pole  at  “A”  and  draw  other  end  of 
pole  toward  end  of  barn  with  rope  at 
“B.”  When  through  hang  pole  on  hang¬ 
ers  indicated.  S.  H.  w. 

Wisconsin. 


EXCELSIOR  SWING  STANCHION 

Warranted  The  Best.  30  Days’  Trial 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  when  open 
Noiseless  Simple  Sanitary  Durable 

The  Wasson  Stanchion  Co., 
Box  60,  Cuba,  N.  Y. 


KOBEKTSON’S  CHAIN 
HANGING  STANCHIONS 
“I  have  used  them  for  more 
than  TWENTY  YEARS,  and  they 
have  given  the  very  heat  of  salia- 
fuct  on  in  every  way,”  writes 
Justus  H.  Cooley,  M.D.,  Plainfield 
Sanitarium,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

Thirty  days’  trial  on  application 
O.  II.  ROBERTSON 
Wash.  St.,  Forestvllle,  Conn. 


...FOSTER  STEEL... 

STANCHIONS 

Increase  Your  Dairy  Profit 
Makes  cows  comfortable.  Save  time 
in  stabling  anil  cleaning.  Easy  to 
operate;  cow  proof;  sanitary; 
strong,  and  durable. 

Write  for  our  prices  and  illus¬ 
trated  catalog  before  buying. 
FOSTER  STEEL  STANCHION  CO. 
i)O0  Insurance  Bldg.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


DAirtY  cattle  | 


Breed  Up-Not  DownTr^kSS’" 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  R.  F. 
SHANNON.  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


Millr  Prndirrprc  tor  New  York  City  market 
IHllil  llUUUbCl  3  desiring  information  how  to 
form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisviile.  N.  Y. 


SHEEP 


Snowcroft  Hampshire  Downs 

160  Rams  and  Ewes  from  best  English  Foundation 
stock.  All  shipments  guaranteed  as  described. 

DR.  S.  F.  SNOW.  713  University  Block,  SYRACUSE.  N.  Y. 


HlfiHI  AND  FARM  0ffers  some  choice 

lllUlILrili U  I  JAIviTI  Shropshires — yearlings 
and  lambs  of  either  sex.  Bred  for  type  and 
quality.  W.  F.  BLACK,  Hall,  N.  Y. 


Qhrnnchiro  Ramc  Some  good  ones  at  right  prices. 
0111  U|Jollli  0  fialllo  Flock  contains  English  blood 
from  Cooper,  Thorn,  and  Buttar;  is  well  covered 
and  tight  wooled.  TRAVER  FARM,  Wynantskill,  N.  Y. 


RAMS  FOR  S  A  I  E— Registered  Shropshire 
1  yearlings  and  two-year- 

olds.  Also,  one  fonr-y ear-old  Hanmer  Ram  and 
some  nice  Ram  Lambs.  E.  E.  StevensS  Son, Wilson,  N.Y. 


REGISTERED  SHROPSHIRE  RAMS  JWAffij 

Yeoman.  FRED.  VAN  VLEET,  Lodi,  N.  Y. 


fiD  A  nc  TIIMI Q — Will  sell  all  my  Grade  Tunis 
UnHUL  lUlllO  and  Delaine  Merino  Ewes, 
one  to  five  years  old,  all  bred  to  Reg.  Tunis  Ram 
for  winter  lambs.  Also  a  few  Reg. Tunis  Ewes  and 
Rams.  Prices  reasonable.  Also  some  nice  Mule- 
foot  Boar  Pigs  ready  for  service.  J.  N.  MAC- 
PHERSON,  Pine  View  Farm,  Scottsville,  N.Y. 


Having  Just  Ax*rived  from  the  New 
York  State  Fair  with  a  L<ot  of 


PREMIUM  HORSES 

We  are  now  ready  for  business  at  prices  never 
heard  of  before.  We  have  both  Imported  and 
Home-Bred  Registered 

PERCHERONS  ONLY 

Prices— $350  to  $750  on  Mares,  according 
to  age,  weight  and  size. 
Stallions  from  $500  to  $3,000. 

These  prices  include  the  Great  Stallion  NOGEN- 
TAIS,  winning  first  with  three  of  his  get;  also  the 
5-year-old  Stallion  ROULE,  winning  the  4-year-old 
and  over  class  with  14  animals  in  the  ring. 

We  have  on  hand  in  all  about  SIXTY  HEAD. 
Don’t  wait  to  write— come  and  see  ns  at  once.  No 
peaches  and  cream,  but  plenty  of  plums,  and  plumb 
good  ones.  _ 

D.  J.  GRINDELL,  Kenton,  Ohio 


T  HAVE  just 
arrived 
fromBelgium, 
France  and 
Germany, 
where  I  pur¬ 
chased  an  ex¬ 
tra  fine  lot  of 

STALLIONS  y 
and  MARES 

of  the  differ¬ 
ent  breeds, 
whicli  will  ar¬ 
rive  at  the 


Sharon  Valley  Stock  Farm, 


Newark,  Ohio* 


in  the  next  ten  days.  Will  be  glad  to  welcome  any 
customers  to  the  farm.  Will  also  exhibit  at  all  the 
leading  fairs  in  Ohio,  Pennsylvania  and  West  Vir¬ 
ginia,  where  1  will  be  glad  to  meet  friend.,  and 
customers.  Col.  G.  W.  CRAWFORD. 


STALLION  FOR  SALE  OR  TRADE. 

KUSHIBO,  Trotting  Stallion,  a  first-class  siring 
son  of  Kremlin,  is  offered  for  sale  for  $500,  or  will 
trade  for  a  first-class  “roadster  automobile.”  This 
stallion  has  a  mark  of  2.08,  is  prt  nounced  sound 
by  Dr.  Edward  Moore  of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  is  guaran¬ 
teed  fearless,  kind  and  gentle  in  all  harness,  and 
has  never  hurt  a  fly.  Particulars  by  letter. 

R.  H.  ANDERSON, 

Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford,  Conn. 


Percheron  and  Belgian  Sh'lions  and  Mares  for  sale 
at  farmers'  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  <-tation,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O, 


ON  ACCOUNT  of  selling  most  of  farm,  I  offer  a 
few  extra  fine  imported  DRAFT  MARES  at  less 
than  original  cost.  C.  F  MOUNT,  Koppel,  Pa. 


3D  O  G  S 


PHI  I  1C  D 1 1 D  0— From  imported  stock.  Females 

liULLIL  lUrOcheap  delson  Bros.  Grove  City,  Pa. 


Si  -  W  IT  1ST  33 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.Y 


REGISTERED  BERKSHIRES 

Insure  yourself,  at  little  cost,  a  superior  animal  for 
use  next  spring.  Male  pigs  only;  June  farrow. 
Leading  strains.  Good  individually— $8.00  each. 

JAMES  A.  BRADEN’S  BLUE  HILLS  FARM,  .  Akron.  Ohio 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.-?,1', ft 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  toser- 
vice  of  Watson’s  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Pioprietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


RED  HIGH— PIGS  LOW— Buy  now  for  another  year’s 
idvanced  prices.  O.  I.  C.  pig  half  price.  PARDY 
BROS.,  Cross  Road  Farm,  Plattsburgh,  N.  Y. 


Large  Berkshires  a\  Highwood 

Regular  Fall  offering  of  Service  Boars  and 
of  young  Pigs  in  pairs  and  trios,  not  akin. 

13.  C.  &  H.  B,  Harpending,  Dundee,  N.  Y. 


FASHIONABLY  BRED  BERKSHIRES 

A  few  Spring  and  Summer  PIGS  for  sale  at  rea¬ 
sonable  prices.  Dk.  J.  R.  ALLEN,  Orwell,  N.  Y. 

hich  matures  early, 
market  at  any  age. 
ers.  Morningside 
Sylvania,  Pa. 


P II PQ  U  I R  F  Q— The  nice  thrifty  kind ;  March  Boars 
unconinuo  and  Sows.  Orders  taken  for  Pigs  of 
September  farrow.  G.  E.  Smith.  Castile,  N  .Y. 


The  pig  w 


GHES HIRES  isKs 


Farm,  S 


rriD  0  A  I  C—  2  DUROC  JERSEY  BOARS-One  choice 
rUil  CALL  BROOD  SOW  bred  for  1st  of  Septem¬ 
ber  Farrow— Some  nice  SPRING  PIGS.  Address 

J.  H.  LEWIS,  R.  F.  I).  No.  2,  Cadiz,  Ohio. 


miDflPQ  THE  BIG*  deep  fellows 

UUnUvO  tli at  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  limes. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 


CHESTER  WHITES— A  few  Choice  Registered  BOARS 
for  sale.  EUGENE  T.  BLACK,  Scio,  N.  Y. 


CHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
0  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNES,  Oxford.  N.  Y. 


3JAIB.Y  CATTLE 


Highest  Quality  and  Best  Color 


The  prepotency  of  the  Guernsey  Bull  or  his 
ability  to  stamp  the  desirable  characteristics  of  the 
breed  on  his  offspring 

Makes  hint  most  valuable  for  improving  the 
common  dairy  stock  of  any  section. 

A  Dairy  of  Grade  Guernseys  will  give  Rich. 
Fine-Flavored,  High-Colored  Milk, 
Cream  and  Butter. 


FURTHER  INFORMATION  REGARDING  THE  GRADE 
GUERNSEYS  BY  ADDRESSING 

The  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club 

Box  R  PETERBORO)  N.  H. _ 

FLO  R  HAM  GUERNSEYS .... 

Several  Yearling  Bulls  for  sale  at  very  moderate 
prices.  Pedigrees  and  photographs  furnished. 

J.  L.  HOPE  Madison,  New  Jersey 


HOLSTEINS 

Superior  individuals,  deep,  heavy  milker's,  in  fino 
condition.  If  you  are  a  dealer,  you  can  please 
your  customers;  if  a  breeder,  or  a  beginner,  you 
can  save  the  middleman’s  profit.  Also  one  of  the 
best  bred  male  calves  in  this  country,  and  other  males 
at  bargain  prices.  Write,  phone  or  come  and  see 
me.  R.  R.  Stations,  Valley  Mills,  on  O.  &  W.. 
Vernon,  Syraeuse&  Utica  Electrics.  F.  H.  Riven- 
burgh,  Hillhurst  Farm,  Munnsville,  N.  Y. 

MST,  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A-  OORTELYOU.  Somerville  N.  J. 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  DAIRY  BREED 

Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets  Free 
HOLST  El  N-FR1  ESI  AN  ASS’N  OF  AMERICA 
K.  L.  HOUGHTON.  SEC’  Y.  BOX  105.  BRATTLEBO  RO.  VT. 


DE  K0L  BURKE  BLOOD. 

Will  sell  ONTARIO  COUNT  DE  KOL,  Holstein 
Bull,  half  white,  born  April  25tli,  by  America  Do 
Kol  Burke,  out  of  Bettina  DeKol.  Bargain  at  $75, 
f.  o.  b.  CLOVERDALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 


OAKLAND  FARM  HOLSTEINS 

FINE  INDIVIDUALS— LARGE  PRODUCERS 

Choice  YOUNG  BULLS  For  Sale 

Write,  stating  just  what  you  want. 

T.  A.  MITCHELL,  -s-  Weedsport,  N.  Y. 


AAAAA.1A.-.*.*-- 

DUTCH  BELTED  CATTLE] 

CHAS.  STEWART  DAVISON 
60  Wall  St.,  New  York  City  ► 

p  T  ▼  T  ▼  ▼  ▼  T  ▼▼▼"TTTTT  ▼  TTT  A 

“  Q  UALIT  Y” 

FOR  SALE-THREE  HIGH  BRED  YOUNG  JERSEY  BULLS.  ALL 
OUT  OF  REGISTER  OF  MERIT  COWS 

Dam  of  No  l,  8128.3  lbs.  milk  in  286  days, 

testing  527  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 
Dam  of  No.  2,  11265.3  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

testing  701  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 
Dam  of  No.  3,  12840.6  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

testing  803  lbs.  8  oz.  butter 
Wo  also  have  a  nice  bunch  of  bred  heifers  due  to  calve 
this  Fall  and  early  Winter.  Write  for  description 
ami  prices,  or  better  yet  come  and  see  them,  visitors 
always  welcome.  E.W.  Mosher, “Brightside,”  Aurora,  N.Y. 


ROCHROANE JERSEY  HERD 

FOR  SALE:  YOUNG  SERVICE  BULL 

Born  June  27,  1910.  Solid  Color. 

Sire:  Fontaine’s  Chief — P.  S.  4153  H.  C. 
Dam:  Fontaine’s  Fairy  —  Imp.  241319 
PRICE,  $250  (F.O.  B.  Irvington,  N.  Y.) 

M.  A.  TRAVIS  (Supt.  for  M.  S.  Beltzhoover) 
Irvington,  New  York. 


AT  LAUREL  FARM 

we  have  on  hand  some  half-dozen  sons  of  Ferns' 
Jubilee.  73852,  A.  J.  0.  C.,  from  ten  months  down 
to  a  few  days  old.  All  out  of  good  cows.  Discount 
price  for  next  thirty  days. 

J.  GRANT  MOUSE,  Hamilton,  N,  Y. 


EAST  RIVER 
GRADE  HOLSTEINS 

215 — For  Sale— 215 

30  large  handsome  cows,  just  fresh. 

75  cows  due  in  Sept,  and  Oct.  that  have  records  of 
9,000  to  11,000  lbs.  of  milk  last  year. 

90  yearlings  and  two-year  heifers,  extra  nice. 

JOHN  B.  WEBSTER, 

Beil  Phone  566  F12,  Dept.  R,  CORTLAND,  N.  Y. 


Purebred  Registered 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

By  tests  extending  over  four  years,  the  Wis¬ 
consin  Experiment  Station  has  proved  clearly  that 
for  economical  milk  and  butter  production,  the 
best  cow  belongs  to  the  large  dairy  type,  of  which 
the  Holstein  is  the  best  example. 

Not  only  do  they  give  a  larger  net  profit,  but  by  reason 
of  their  hardiness  and  splendid  vitality,  the  Holsteins 
thrive  under  conditions  which  would  break  down  the 
small  delicate  breeds.  The  cows  breed  regularly  and 
true  to  type,  the  calves  are  easily  raised  and  can  be  put 
upon  skim  milk  when  three  weeks  old. 

You  ought  to  know  what  the  Holsteins  are  doing.  Send 
for  our  free  literature. 

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN  ASSO.,  F.  L.  HOUGHTON.  Sec’y.  Box  105  Brattleboro,  Vt. 


1911. 


THE  Pi I_J  KAL  NEW-YOKK&H 


@66 


M  I  L  K 

The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.61 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  3%  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


Correspondence  Over  a  Milk  Score. 

Mr.  H.  G.  Phillips  of  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y., 
wrote  us  some  weeks  ago  that  his  milk  was 
rejected  by  the  New  York  Board  of  Health. 
He  had,  as  he  supposed,  complied  with  the 
requirements  of  the  inspector,  but  still  the 
milk  was  rejected.  He  wrote  the  Board, 
but  they  took  no  notice  of  his  letter.  We 
therefore  wrote  the  Board  and  asked  them 
to  be  good  enough  to  tell  Mr.  Phillips  what 
the  matter  is.  Within  a  few  days  he  re¬ 
ceived  the  following : 

Letter  from  the  Board. 

“Dear  Sir — I  beg  to  acknowledge  receipt 
of  your  letter  of  August  22,  1911,  concern¬ 
ing  your  dairy  premises  at  Greenway,  N.  Yr., 
and  would  inform  you  the  operators  of  the 
Greenway  Creamery  have  not  up  to  this 
date  been  notified  that  milk  from  this  dairy 
may  be  accepted  for  shipment  to  this  city. 

“Attention  is  called  to  a  recent  inspec¬ 
tion  of  your  premises,  at  which  time  it  was 
reported  that  the  stable  was  not  completely 
whitewashed,  and  that  all  manure  had  not 
been  removed  from  the  .premises. 

“It  is  recommended  by  the  inspector  that 
as  soon  as  this  work  has  been  accomplished 
a  reinspection  be  made  and  at  which  time 
the  matter  of  resuming  milk  from  your 
dairy  will  be  considered.  Respectfully, 

“M.  m’mellan,  m.  d.” 

Mr.  Phillips  makes  the  following  com¬ 
ments  : 

“Now,  the  inspector  to  whom  this  letter 
refers  told  me  that  he  had  no  authority  to 
reject  or  accept  any  milk  ;  his  business  was 
to  score  the  premises,  and  send  i  i  the  card 
report,  and  the  score  determined  whether 
the  milk  would  be  accepted  or  rejected. 
This  is  contradicting  the  letter,  as  you  will 
notice  in  the  last  clause.  My  stable  at  this 
time  scored  58  per  cent.,  and  he  (Mr.  D.  B. 
Ryan)  said  nothing  about  ‘completely’ 
whitewashing.  On  September  7  A.  H.  Mis- 
sekline  made  a  visit  and  gave  me  a  score  of 
52  per  cent.,  conditions  being  the  same  as 
when  Inspector  Ryan  was  here,  ne  (Mis- 
seldine)  told  me  that  as  soon  as  I  drew  out 
the  manure  and  cleaned  the  two  windows 
he  wouio  aeceDt  :ny  milk  at  once.  The 
opinion  ot  ths.  .w  inspectors  varies  some¬ 
what  as  tr  woo  an  I  what  accepts  or  rejects 
milk,  ji\  eeotaa-V  16,  1911,  A.  II.  Missel- 
dine  scored  ir*  per  cent.,  with  about  100 
loads  ji  manure  in  my  barnyard,  having 
accumulated,  tnere  through  my  being  se¬ 
verely  injured  in  early  Winter.  Now  I  have 
whitewashed  the  sides  of  my  stable,  the 
manure  pile  consists  of  about  2500  pounds, 
and  1  still  score  52  per  cent.,  and  my  milk 
is  not  fit  to  chip  to  New  York.  On  Febru¬ 
ary  16  the  milking  pai!  complied  with  the 
nnes,  that  is,  the  opening  did  not  exceed 
eight  inches  in  diameter ;  on  September  7 
the  same  pail  was  scored  out  because  the 
opening  was  12  inches  in  diameter.  I  don’t 
know  how  this  came  about,  unless  it  was 
from  this  pail  standing  in  the  sun  during 
the  hot  wave.  Why  don't  I  draw  out  this 
manure  so  as  to  have  my  milk  accepted 
again?  Well,  I  was  told  if  I  whitewashed 
(which  I  did  according  to  the  inspector's 
suggestions)  my  milk  would  be  taken  back. 
Now  if  I  will  draw  this  manure  and  clean 
the  windows,  then — what?  The  foreman  of 
the  milk  station  told  me  that  my  milk  was 
O.  K  ,  both  in  condition  and  quality,  and  I 
am  satisfied  with  his  score.  I  am  out,  and 
1  will  stand  out  to  the  end.  I  am  the  only 
one  here  to  stand  out,  but  I  would  rather 
be  the  first  than  the  last.  Give  me  the 
right  price  and  the  score  will  take  care  of 
Itself.  H.  G.  PHILLIPS/'’ 


This  is  a  dairy  section  ;  most  of  the  farm¬ 
ers  are  improving  their  herds  by  the  use  of  ! 
purebred  sires.  Ayrshires  are  in  the  lead ; 
some  prefer  the  Holstein.  Some  of  the 
milk  is  delivered  to  the  station  for  ship¬ 
ment  to  New  York;  most  of  it  is  taken  to 
the  factory  and  made  into  butter  or  cheese. 
The  patrons  of  the  cheese  factory  get  bet¬ 
ter  prices  for  their  milk  in  Summer  months 
than  the  station  pays.  The  station  gives 
a  very  attractive  price  for  December,  Janu¬ 
ary  and  February,  when  they  want  the 
milk,  but  I  believe  they  will  have  to  pay 
better  prices  or  go  out  of  business.  The 
apple  crop  is  short ;  there  are  not  any  large 
orchards  here,  and  no  apples  are  shipped 
from  here.  Potatoes  a  light  crop,  and  sell¬ 
ing  at  $1.50  in  nearby  villages.  Hay  a 
fine  crop  and  selling  at  $16.50  per  ton  at 
cars.  All  kinds  of  grain  good ;  corn  bad¬ 
ly  damaged  by  frost  September  14.  We 
all  were  ready  to  fill  our  silos  the  next 
morning,  but  will  have  to  wait  for  our 
turn.  The  cutter  starts  at  one  end  of  the 
"cute  and  the  gang  goes  right  along.  We 
lange  work  and  get  better  acquainted  each  | 
rear.  D.  j.  a  • 

Brasher  Falls,  N.  Y. 


We  received  for  our  milk  at  Otselic  Cen¬ 
ter  factory  for  the  month  of  May,  80  cents 
per  100  pounds ;  .Tune  90  cents  per  100, 
July  .964  per  100  pounds,  August  $1,085 
per  100,  and  had  whey  back  free.  Our 
milk  at  this  factory  has  tested  very  poor 
this  Summer  and  so  got  a  light  yield  of 
butter  and  cheese.  Many  farmers  are  dis¬ 
couraged  with  dairying  and  some  talk  of 
selling  their  dairies,  but  I  do  not  know 
of  many  that  have  sold  yet.  I  think  there 
will  be  nearly  as.  many  cows  as  usual 
wintered  in  this  section.  The  hay  crop  was 
an  average  one  or  better  in  this  section, 
while  in  places  less  than  10  miles  away 
it  was  very  light.  Silage  corn  was  a  very 
good  crop,  but  much  of  it  got  frozen  hard 
September  13,  which  must  have  hurt  it 
some.  Potato  crop  below  the  average. 
Plenty  of  apples  for  home  use.  w.  c.  d. 

Otselic,  N.  Y. 


Manual  of  Farm  Animals,  by  M.  W. 
Harper.  This  is  a  thick  volume  of  545 
pages,  covering  general  care,  feeding  and 
treatment  of  horses,  cattle,  sheep  and 
swine,  under  ordinary  conditions  and  in 
cases  of  sickness  or  injury.  The  field  is 
wide,  and  is  very  well  covered ;  and  the 
numerous  illustrations  show  the  leading 
breeds  of  farm  animals,  as  well  as  buildings 
and  appliances  for  their  comfort.  The  ad¬ 
vice  for  the  treatment  of  ailing  animals  is 
clear  ^and  concise  and  covers  many  emer- 
goncie’s.  There  is  much  excellent  advice 
on  feeding.  Published  by  the  Macmillan 
Company,  New  York ;  price  by  mail  from 
this  olBce,  $2.15. 


Dairy  Cattle  and  Milk  Production,  by 
Clarence  H.  Eckles,  professor  of  dairy  hus¬ 
bandry,  University  of  Missouri.  A  book  of 
342  pages,  amply  indexed  and  fully  illus 
trated,  covering  all  the  lines  of  dairy  man¬ 
agement,  the  care  of  animals  and  the  selec¬ 
tion  of  dairy  stock.  The  discussion  of  va¬ 
rious  breeds,  treatment  of  common  ailments, 
calf  raising,  feeding,  etc.,  is  very  full,  and 
will  give  the  book  permanent  value.  Pub¬ 
lished  by  the  Macmillan  Company,  New 
York;  price  postpaid  from  this  office,  $1.75. 

WITH  IMPROVED  RUBBER  HANDS  AND  FEET 

The  Most  Comfortable,  Durable  and  Natural 
Although  a  man  may  lose  both  of 
his  legs,  he  is  not  necessarily  helpless. 
By  using  artlticlal  legs  with  Marks* 
Patent  Kubber  Feet  be  can  be 
restored  to  his  usefulness. 

The  ei. graying  is  from  an  instan¬ 
taneous  photograph  otaman  ascend¬ 
ing  a  ladder.  He  has  twr.  artificial  lege 
substituting  his  natural 
ones, which  were  crushed 
by  a  railroad  accident 
and  amputated.  With 
his  rubber  feet  he 
can  ascend  or  de¬ 
scend  a  ladder,! 
i  balance  himself  on 
(the  rungs,  andt 
have  his  hands  at] 
liberty.  He  can 
work  at  a  bench  > 
and  earn  a  good  • 
day ’8  wages.  He1 
can  -walk  and* 

mingle  with  persons  without  betray¬ 
ing  his  lose;  In  fact,  he  Is  restored  to 
Ills  former  self  for  all  practical 
purposes. 

With  the  old  method  of  complicated 
ankle-joints  these  results  could  not  be 
so  thoroughly  attained. 

Over  40,000  in  use,  scattered  in 
all  parts  of  the  world.  Many  of 
these  have  been  supplied  with¬ 
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by  sending  measurements  on  our 
illustrated  measuring  sheet, 
whch  anyone  can  easily  fill  out. 
Received  46  Highest  Awards. 
Purchased  by  the  U.  S.  Government  and  many  foreign 
governments.  A  Manual  of  416  pages  and  measuring 
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“MEN  WHO  KNOW” 

USE  THE 


Why  should  YOU  experiment  or 
take  chances  with  anything  else  ? 

THE  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  CO. 


166-167  BROADWAY, 
NEW  YORK. 


29  E.  MADISON  ST., 
CHICAGO. 


ROOTS  FOR  STOCK 

Cannot  be  supplanted  by  any¬ 
thing  else  They  can  be  easily  and 
prolltably  grown  in  any  soil  and 
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ration  for  all  kinds  of  live  stock. 

You  can  prepare  them  best  with 

THE  BANNER  ROOT  GUTTER 

Made  In  7  sizes — hand  or  power.  They 
make  thefamous“6ari«er  root  chips'’  — — 

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first  cost  Is  so  small  you  cannot  afford  to  be  with¬ 
out  one.  Send  for  the  Banner  booklet  today. 

O.  E.  THOMPSON  &  SONS,  Ypsilanti,  Michigan 


ROOFING 


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Tin  makes  a  good  roof  if  yon 

paint  it. 

Canvas  makes  a  good  roof  if  yon 
paint  it. 

Any  felt  makes  a  good  roof  if 
you  paint  it. 

Even  paper  makes  a  good  roof 

if  you  paint  it. 

But  Amatite  makes.a  good  roof 
if  you  DON'T  paint  it. 

On.a  painted  roof,  the  paint  is 
what  gives  the  real  protection. 
The  rest  of  it  has  no  function 
except  to  provide  a  smooth  un¬ 
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cracks,  to  which  the  paint  can  be 
applied.  .Anything  which  has 
strength  enough  to  keep  the  wind 
from  blowing  it  away  or  the  rain 
from  beating  it  in,  will  be  water¬ 
proof  if  you  use  paint  enough. 

Amatite  Roofing,  however,  needs 
no  painting.  It  is  a  real  roofing — 


,A- Modern  View 
"of  the  Roofing  Question" 

a  roofing  that  can  be  left  out  in  the 
rain  without  the  slightest  damage. 

The  wearing  surface  is  mineral 
matter  embedded  into  a  heavy 
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painting. 

We  shall  be  glad  to  send  you  a 
sample  of  Amatite  free  of  charge 
if  you  will  send  a  postal  request 
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Ever  jet  Elastic  Paint 

A  lustrous  carbon  black  paint,  very 
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FARM  FOR  $2,500 

Sullivan  County,  New  York  State  Farm  in  good 
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boarding  section.  It  contains  about  130  acres:  to 
close  the  estate  it  will  be  sold  for  $2,500,  less  than 
the  cost  of  the  buildings.  It  has  been  used  as  a 
dairy  and  grain  farm;  creamery  one  mile.  Address 
FARM,  care  Rural  New-Yorker.  409  Pearl  St.,  N.Y. 


VILLAGE  TRUCK  FARM— 24  acres— excellent  market, 
good  buildings:  early,  rich  soil;  opportunity  for 
greenhouse;  $6,000.  Crystal  Springs  Farm,  Union,  N.  I. 


THOROUGHBRED 


S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORN 
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150  Farms 

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FOR  SALE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
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Doubles  the  value  of  feed — fattens  pigs — keeps 
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Heesen  Bros.  «S  Co.  Box  72  Tecumseh,  Mich. 


©06 


THE  RURM.L  NEW-YORKER 


October  7, 


CAUSE  OF  MOUNDS  IN  PASTURES. 

It.  0.  IS.,  Chicago,  III. — Will  you  explain 
the  cause  of  countless  rises  or  hummocks 
in  many  grazing  fields  and  pasture  lands? 
I  have  heard  the  subject  discussed  a  hun¬ 
dred  times,  but  up  to  date  have  no  author¬ 
ity  on  the  subject  to  satisfy  my  curiosity. 

Ans,. — Up  to  the  present  time  no  sat¬ 
isfactory  explanation  of  the  mounds  to 
which  R.  G.  E.  refers  has  been  found. 
They  have  been  ascribed  to  ordinary 
surface  erosion,  to  wind  action,  to  hu¬ 
man  agency,  to  the  action  of  burrowing 
animals  and  ants,  and  to  segregation  of 
clay  by  a  sort  of  concretionary  process 
in  the  soil.  This  last  theory  was  promul¬ 
gated  by  Dr.  John  C.  Branner  of  Stan¬ 
ford  University,  California.  Since  its 
promulgation  there  has  been  practically 
no  discussion  of  the  matter  among  geol¬ 
ogists,  so  that  it  cannot  be  said  to  have 
been  either  adopted  or  rejected.  A  dis¬ 
cussion  of  the  mound  question  can  be 
found  in  Volume  21  (new  series)  of 
Science,  1905.  c.  f.  marbut. 

In  Charge  Soil  Survey. 


ON  A  CONNECTICUT  DAIRY  FARM. 

Fair  Meadows,  September  16. — Father 
rose  at  5  a.  m.,  built  the  kitchen  fire,  looked 
to  see  if  there  was  plenty  of  water  in  the 
double  boiler  under  the  oat  flake,  brought 
the  four  horses  up  from  pasture  and  fed 
them,  then  brought  in  the  20  miloli  cows 
from  night  pasture  and  stanchioned  them, 
by  w'hich  time,  5.30,  J.  the  day  man,  ($1.25 
per  day  and  board)  and  T.,  the  boy  ($5 
per  week,  board,  washing,  and  a  team"  to  go 
courting  once  or  twice  a  week),  have  got 
out  to  begin  milking.  Mother  and  the 
11-year-old  daughter  and  nine-year-old  son 
rise  at  six.  Son  fills  the  wood-box,  and 
as  soon  as  the  separator  is  running  helps 
feed  milk  to  the  13  heifer  calves  we  are 
raising.  Daughter  feeds,  and  fills  water 
pans  fot  about  75  hens  and  chickens,  in¬ 
cluding  her  own  flock  of  10  Bantams,  makes 
the  coffee,  brings  up  the  butter  from  down 
cellar,  and  takes  numerous  other  helpful 
steps,  then  puts  in  a  half  hour  at  piano 
practice.  Mother  makes  the  muffins,  browns 
some  sweet  home-cured  bacon,  makes  a 
bowl  of  cream  gravy,  scrambles  some  water- 
glassed  eggs  (which  taste  as  fresh  and 
good  as  when  put  up  last  April  when  we 
could  get  but  20  cents  per  dozen  for  our 
surplus  eggs),  warms  a  good  dish  of 
creamed  potatoes,  and  with  a  plate  of 
doughnuts,  the  oat  flake,  and  daughter's 
coffee,  breakfast  is  ready  at  seven  ;  but  the 
men  have  not  turned  out  the  cows,  nor 
fed  the  10  hogs  yet,  so  the  breakfast  is  set 
in  the  warm  oven  and  Mother  molds  the 
bread  and  puts  in  the  tins,  puts  beds  airing, 
and  pares  some  apples  for  sauce. 

After  breakfast  J.  goes  to  work  relaying 
a  piece  of  stone  wall,  T.  cleans  off  ‘  the 
light  pair  of  horses  and  harnesses  them, 
while  Father  gets  out  the  delivery  wagon 
and  loads  up  140  pounds  of  butter,  12  dozen 
eggs  and  a  few  quarts  of  buttermilk  for 
the  weekly  delivery  to  some  40  regular 
customers  in  our  post  office  town  five  miles 
away.  He  adds  a  few  ripe  pumpkins  as 
gifts  to  such  of  the  housewives  as  want 
them,  and  with  a  visiting  cousin  to  hold  the 
team  for  him  starts  on  his  trip  at  9  a.  m. 

T.’s  work  for  the  day  was  the  following 
“odd  jobs”  :  Mowed  weeds  in  front  of  house 
and  some  way  along  roadside,  sorted  over 
150  bags,  swept  corn  house,  cleaned  up 
generally  about  cow  barn  and  the  door 
where  the  cows  pass,  then  got  them  in 
from  pasture  for  milking  at  4.30  p.  m. 
Daughter  clears  the  breakfast  table  and 
washes  the  dishes,  and  Son  wipes  them, 
then  the  two  turn  out  the  calves  and  put 
fresh  bedding  in  their  stables.  Then 
Daughter  sweeps  the  verandas,  the  front 
hall  and  stairs,  dusts  two  bedrooms, 
sweeps  the  diningroom  and  sets  table  for 
dinner.  Also  makes  two  loaves  of  plain 
cake,  and  a  boiled  frosting  for  the  one 
which  is  baked  in  two  layers.  Son  picks 
the  pears  from  two  trees,  and  takes  numer¬ 
ous  steps  for  Mother,  then  they  played 
croquet,  ride  bicycle,  and  romp  around  gen¬ 
erally  until  dinner  is  ready. 

Mother  washes  the  milk  utensils  in  the 
dairy  room,  about  an  hour’s  work,  bakes 
the  bread,  makes  a  loaf  of  pressed  chicken 
from  the  cold  fowl  left  from  the  day  be¬ 
fore,  prepares  potatoes  and  corn  for  din¬ 
ner,  puts  guest  chamber  in  order,  and  she 
and  Daughter  arrange  bouquets  for  the 
parlor,  diningroom  and  front  hall.  Daugh¬ 
ter  picking  hers  from  an  especially  fine  bed 
of  pansies  of  her  own.  Mother  also  an¬ 
swers  several  telephone  calls,  and  does  a 
great  variety  of  small  tasks  that  keep  her 
stepping  lively  until  dinner  is  on  the  table. 
After  dinner  the  dishes  are  quickly  dis¬ 
posed  of,  with  the  children’s  help,  and 
Daughter  takes  gentle  Bess  on  the  light 
Concord  wagon  and  drives  to  town  for  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  S.,  some  expected  visitors  from 
our  capitol  city.  Son,  being  left  without 
a  playmate,  takes  his  bicycle  and  visits 
a  boy  cousin  three-fourths  of  a  mile  away. 
Mother  sweeps  and  mops  the  big  kitchen, 
blacks  the  range,  and  wipes  off  a  number 
of  finger  marks  and  fly-specks  whose  pres¬ 
ence  expected  company  always  magnifies, 
then  gets  a  bath,  and  a  clean  gown  on, 
and  lies  down  for  a  half  hour  until  the 
company  arrive  at  4  p.  m. 

Father  and  cousin,  who  have  had  dinner 
and  noon  feed  for  team  in  town,  at  O rand- 
mother’s,  also  arrive  at  4  p.  m.,  and  Father 
puts  out  his  team,  unloads  the  wagon, 
helps  milk  and  turns  separator,  and  Son 
returns  in  time  to  milk  four  cows,  besides 
helping  feed  calves.  Supper  at  6.30  and 
dishes  washed  and  table  set  for  breakfast 
by  7.30.  The  children  go  to  bed  at  eight, 
and  we  speud  another  hour  in  pleasant 
conversation  with  our  guests,  and  all  retire 
at  9  a.  m.  It  has  been  a  busy  day,  but 
when  we  are  all  in  good  health  we  don’t 
mind  that,  and  while  meals  have  to  be 
got,  dishes  washed,  cows  milked  and  pigs 
fed  every  day,  no  two  day’s  work  on  a 
farm  are  ever  just  alike,  and  the  day’s 
worked  described  by  a  baker  in  September 
16th  It.  N.-Y.  “the  year  around  for  the  last 
six  years”  seems  far  more  of  a  “daily 
grind”  than  ours.  We  are  not  getting  rich, 
but  we  certainly  live  well,  have  plenty  to 
cat,  drink,  wear,  read  and  enjoy,  and  we 


own  our  place  and  a  little  over,  in  spite 
of  drought,  flood,  fire  and  frost,  and  we 
can  sincerely  chant 

“Glory  to  the  Lord  of  Hosts  from  whom  all 
glories  are,” 

And  glory  to  this  generous  sheet  that 
spreads  good  words  so  far. 

Connecticut.  mrs.  f.  l.  ives. 


Horse  with  Canker. 

I  have  a  horse  which  has  what  I  call  a 
canker  in  left  front  foot.  The  sole  of  foot 
all  along  inside  of  frog  and  around  frog  is 
diseased.  At  first  it  seemed  to  be  full  of 
a  horny  substance ;  now  this  stuff  has 
mostly  dried  and  dropped  out,  and  frog 
seems  to  be  almost  ready  to  come  out.  A 
month  ago  horse  was  not  very  lame,  but 
now  is  quite  lame.  This  sore  runs  some 
now  but  not  as  much  as  it  did,  but  it  does 
not  seem  to  be  healing,  and  I  am  afraid  ’t 
is  eating  up  into  his  foot.  I  have  been 
treating  it  with  a  strong  disinfectant, 
(clear)  powdered  alum  and  pine  tar,  and  I 
have  put  iodine  on  once  a  week.  Can  you 
tell  me  of  a  better  treatment  than  above, 
and  how  long  is  it  going  to  take  to  cure? 
The  horse  is  sound  but  this,  but  the  only 
improvement  I  can  see  in  the  last  month 
is  some  of  this  old  flesh  has  come  out,  but 
the  foot  seems  more  sore.  n.  e.  r 

Long  Island. 

You  seem  to  have  a  true  case  of  canker 
on  hand  and  home  treatment  will  not  avail, 
neither  can  we  tell  you  what  treatment 
will  be  certain  to  remedy  the  condition 
present.  It  often  proves  practically  incur¬ 
able  and  requires  the  best  attention  of  a 
skilled  veterinarian.  You  will  have  to  em¬ 
ploy  such  an  expert.  If  you  do  not  care 
to  do  so  you  might  as  well  part  with  the 
horse  or  put  him  out  of  his  misery. 

A.  s.  A. 

Worms. 

I  have  a  colt  five  months  old ;  it  has 
worms.  Will  you  give  me  a  remedy? 

Virginia.  j.  p.  M. 

Mix  together  two  parts  salt  and  one  part 
each  of  dried  sulphate  of  iron  and  flowers 
of  sulphur.  The  dose  of  this  for  an  adult 
horse  is  a  tablespoonful  twice  daily.  Give 
the  foal  a  teaspoonful  daily  in  feed.  Best 
feed  would  be  crushed  oats  and  bran. 

a.  s.  A. 

Vermin  on  Dog. 

Will  you  let  me  know  of  some  remedy 
to  get  rid  of  fleas  and  lice  on  a  long¬ 
haired  collie  dog?  I  wish  something  to  kill 
the  nits,  if  possible.  G.  a.  r. 

New  York. 

Give  dog  a  perfectly  clean  bed  and  keep 
it  clean.  Once  a  week  dip  him  in  a  1-100 
solution  of  coal  tar  dip.  a.  s.  a. 


II  H.P.  farm  Engine 

z  Kerosenefiasoline^^r  .7 = 


Greatest  value  ever  offered  in  a  4  cycle  water- 
cooled  farm  engine.  Runs  any  kind  of  machin¬ 
ery — pumps — saws — separators — feed  grinders — 
water  systems — electric  light  outfits,  etc. 

4  &  6  h.  p.  sizes  at  proportionate  prices . 
Also  complete  line  of  2  cycle  engines. 

Very  simple.  Uses  little  fuel.  Best  material 
and  workmanship.  Made  to  last  a  lifetime. 
Shipped  complete  all  ready  to  run.  No  extras 
to  buy.  Guaranteed  by  a  lug  re¬ 
sponsible  concern.  Write  for  | 
catalog  TODAY  and  ask  about 
30  Day  Trial  Offer 
Gray  Motor  Co.  ^ 

1084  U.  S.  Motors 
Building  r 
Detroit,  Mich. 


415  Dickson  Bldg.  Norfolk,  Va.,  June  1, 19U.  Troy  Chemical 
Co.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y.  I  have  used  your  “Save-the-Horse"  on 
three  occasions  for  Bone  Spavin,  Bog  Spavin  and  Side  Bone  and 
have  cured  every  case.  I  have  not  had  to  ask  for  my  money  back, 
sol  tvanttouseitagain.  Enclosed  find  check  for  $5.  K.F.  Grant, 
a  bottle,  with  binding  contract  to  refund  money.  Send 
for  COPY,  BOOKLET  and  LETTERS  from  Bankers, 
a  M  Farmers  and  Business  men  on  every  kind  of  case.  Per¬ 
manently  Cures  Bone  and  llog  Spavin,  Tlioroiighpln,  liinghone 
(except  low).  Curb,  Splint,  Capiied  lloek,  Windptiff,  Shoe  Boll,  • 
injured  Tendons  and  all  Lameness.  No  scar  or  loss  of  hair. 
Horse  works  as  usual.  Dealers  or  F.xpress prepaid. 

Troy  Chemical  Co.,  24  Commercial  Are.,  Binghamton, 'N.  Y, 


$ 


Standard  Veterinary  Remedy 
In  Use  21  Years 


Trade  Mark 
Registered 


HEAVES  CURED 

NEWTON’S  REMEDY  Coughs,  Distempers. 

Safe,  positive  cure  that  is  Cuarantood  lor 
Heaves.  It  gets  at  the  root  of  the  trouble.  A 
scientific  remedy  for  indigestion, which  is  the  real 
cause  ol  hoavos.  Heaves  affect  the  lungs  only 
Indirectly.  Newton’s  Remedy  drives  out  intes¬ 
tinal  worms  and  is  an  excellent  stomach  and 
bowel  conditioner.  Book  explains  fully,  free.  $1 
per  can,  at  dealers’,  or  sent  direct,  prepaid. 
THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


The  Amount  of  Milk 
You  Get  Depends 
Upon  You-As  Much 
As  Upon  the  Cow 


If  you  are  getting  only  io  to  12 
pounds  of  milk  a  day  from  your 
cows,  it  is  your  own  fault — largely. 

Don’t  blame  the  cow. 

She  is  doing  the  best  she  can  with 
the  feed  you  give  her. 


Just  because  you  feed  a  balanced 
ration,  and  just  because  the  ratio 
between  protein  and  carbohydrates 
is  1:4.5  or  1:5.5,  it  does  not  follow 
that  you  are  going  to  get  all  the 
milk  a  cow  might  be  made  to  give. 
There  is  something  else  needed. 
The  amount  of  feed  is  right  — 

The  proportion  is  right  — 

BUT  — 

The  cow’s  digestive  machinery 
cannot  act  on  the  ration  so  as  to 
make  more  milk. 


It  is  up  to  you  to  correct  the  ra¬ 
tion  so  the  cow  can  transform  the 
food  into  milk  and  butter-fat. 

Therefore, we  say  it  is  your  fault — 
not  the  cow’s  —  if  you  do  not  get  all 
the  milk  you  ought  to  get. 

The  ration  you  are  feeding  ought, 
in  all  probability,  to  give  you  15  to 
20  pounds  of  milk  per  cow. 

Instead  of  doing  so,  the  protein 
that  should  make  those  extra  pounds 
of  milk  passes  into  the  manure 
pile  —  a  total  waste. 


DRIED  BEET  PULP 


Just.  Like  Roots 


THE  FEED  TH ATS  GUARANTEED 


What  is  the  Trouble? 

• 

The  ration,  balanced  though  it  is, 
should  ^contain  something  that  will 
enable  the  cow  to  manufacture  this 
extra  milk. 

Silage — hay  —  stover — other  rough- 
age,  have  not  made  it.  They  cannot. 

BUT— 

10^000  Dairymen  have  learned  this 
past  year  how  it  is  done. 

They  fed  DRIED  BEET  PULP  in 
the  daily  ration — 3  to  4  lbs.  a  day,  and 

They  have  proved  wi  th  their  own  cows 
and  to  their  own  satisfaction  that  Dried 
Beet  Pulp  gives  more  milk  when  in¬ 
cluded  in  the  ration  than  anything  else. 

— It  is  succulent 

—It  is  palatable 

— It  is  the  bulki¬ 
est  food 

— It  retains  its 
bulk  in  the  diges¬ 
tive  tract. 


Perhaps  this  last 
is  the  reason  the 
cow  can  make  more 
milk  out  of  the  rest 
of  the  feed.  We 

do  not  undertake  to  say  with  scientific 
precision  just  what  the  reason  is. 

What  Dried  Beet  Pulp  Will  Do 

The  important  fact  for  you  is  that 
Dried  Beet  Pulp  will  increase  your  milk 
supply  2  to  5  pounds  per  cow  a  day. 

Feed  it  wet  or’dry,  though  wet  feed¬ 
ing  seems  to  have  a  shade  the  better  of 
the  argument,  and  we  recommend  it. 

Feed  it  in  place  of  silage,  or  with  it. 

Just  include  Dried  Beet  Pulp  in  the 
ration  and  then  watch  the  milkings 
get  bigger. 


Our  Proposition  To  You 

“We  guarantee  that  any  sack  of  our 
Dried  Beet  Pulp  bought  for  trial,  either 
direct  from  us  or  through  a  dealer,  will 
prove  satisfactory  to  the  buyer,  or  we 
will  refund  the  full  purchase  price/' 

Larger  quantities  can  be  bought  with  the 
privilege  of  trying  one  sack  and  if  found  un¬ 
satisfactory,  the  entire  purchase  price  will 
be  refunded,  you  to  reship  the  unused  por¬ 
tion  in  accordance  with  instructions  from  us. 


These  a’re  strong,  positive  statements, 
but  we  will  stand  back  of  them  with  a 
proposition  that  will  let  you  prove  for 
yourself  whether  Dried  Beet  Pulp  will 
do  for  you  what  it  is  doing  for  others. 

If  it  will  not,  you  don’t  want  it, 
and  your  trial  experiment  will  not  cost 
you  a  cent. 

You  Make  the  Test  Your  Own  Way 

We  will  not  haggle  about  terms. 
You  get  a  100-pound  sack  of  Dried 
Beet  Pulp  —  enough  for  the  average 
cow  three  weeks.  Use  three  or  four 
pounds  a  day  in  the  feed.  When  the 
100  pounds  are  all  gone,  if  you  are  not 
satisfied  with  the  result  of  the  test,  say 
so,  and  get  your  money  back. 

We  will  not  even 
suggest  to  you  how 
you  should  feed, 
unless  you  ask  us 
to,  then  we  will  be 
very  glad  to  tell 
you  how  we  be¬ 
lieve  Dried  Beet 
Pulp  should  be  fed 
with  your  present 
_  ration. 

When  the  test  is 
over,  you  have  the  records  before  you 
and  make  up  your  own  mind  whether 
it  has  been  worth  while  or  not. 

If  it  has,  you  will  be  another  added 
to  the  10,000  who  found  out  this  better 
way  during  the  past  year. 

Cot  Posted  as  to  Facts  Now 

Now  the  time  is  right  here  when 
you  must  be  planning  for  the  winter’s 
feed.  Go  to  your  dealer  and  get  a  sack 
of  Dried  Beet  Pulp,  or  write  to  us.  We 
will  see  that  you  are  supplied,  and  will 
also  send  you  our  book,  “Feeding  for 
Larger  Profits” — brief  and  to  the  point. 


THE  UHROWE  MILLING  CO.,  Box  613,  Ford  B!dg„  Detroit,  Mich. 


1911. 


THE  RL)  KAb  NEW-YORKER 


90T 


The  Henyard. 


What  Ails  These  Ducks  ? 

I  see  on  page  868  Mrs.  R.  A.,  Wyoming 
Co.,  Pa.,  has  such  very  good  success  with 
her  Indian  Runner  ducks.  I  also  have 
ducks  of  the  same  breed,  but,  on  the  con¬ 
trary,  my  luck  is  different.  They  have  laid 
three  eggs  since  Spring.  I  set  them  under 
a  hen,  hatched  two ;  both  lived  three  days 
and  were  then  ready  to  give  up.  The  old 
ducks  have  not  laid  an  egg  since.  They 
have  everything  they  could  want ;  plenty  of 
run,  grass,  water  and  feed,  but  don’t  seem 
to  have  a  desire  to  lay.  Could  you  give 
me  some  advice  as  to  what  to  do  so  they 
will  lay  some  eggs?  The  drake  is  three 
years  old,  the  ducks  two,  and  no  relation, 
as  I  got  them  from  different  parties. 

Coopersburg,  Pa.  H.  a.  l. 

I  must  say  that  it  is  the  strangest  thing 
I  ever  heard  of,  either  among  Runners,  or 
ducks  of  any  other  kind.  Experience 
would  lead  me,  in  advance,  to  pronounce  it 
impossible.  The  only  possible  causes  I  cen 
see  are  too  great  age  in  the  ducks  (they 
might  have  been  older  than  was  represent¬ 
ed  to  the  buyer)  or  that  they  are  from 
run-out  stock.  Judge  Clipp  said  in  print 
during  the  present  year  :  “We  have  in  our 
yards  as  fine  specimens  in  the  pure  fawn 
and  white  (he  means  the  American  stand¬ 
ard  kind)  as  the  sun  ever  shone  on,  but 
I  must  say  that  aside  from  exhibition  pur¬ 
poses  they  are  simply  worthless ;  no  good 
at  all,  compared  with  the  penciled  ducks 
for  eggs,  while  our  English  ducks  continue 
to  lay  every  day  a  large,  pure  crystal  white 
egg.  I  paid  some  of  the  best  breeders  in 
this  country  their  price  for  the  best  money 
could  buy,  and  yet  their  nest  in  fawn  and 
white  will  not  begin  to  lay  half  as  many 
eggs  as  the  English  strain.”  This  man  is 
an  acting  judge  at  poultry  shows.  I  do 
not  know  him,  and  know  nothing  at  all  of 
his  reputation.  I  simply  give  you  what  he 
says  in  one  of  the  best  poultry  papers  of 
the  country.  If  the  show  kind,  besides 
laying  many  green  eggs  proportionately,  is 
also  “simply  worthless”  for  eggs,  it  may 
be  that  II.  A.  L.  has  this  kind.  I  do  not 
believe  this  worthlessness  is  true  of  all 
American  Standard  I.  R.  ducks,  by  any 
means.  My  special  quarrel,  with  them  was 
the  green  egg,  which  breeders  say  they  are 
getting  rid  of.  But  Mr.  Clipp’s  statement 
does  offer  a  possible  explanation  of  the 
trouble.  Certainly  no  one  could  handle 
ducks  that  were  right  in  vigor  and  age  so 
poorly  that  they  would  give  this  farce  af 
a  “record.” 

The  letter  published  in  The  R.  N.-Y., 
page  746.  seemed  to  me  to  contain  as  much 
common-sense  of  the  Runner  question  as 
anything  I  have  seen  in  print.  I  advise  all 
readers  to  look  it  up  and  read  it  a  second 
time,  if  they  have  read  it  already.  I  will 
quote  only  one  sentence :  “I  have  no  per¬ 
sonal  knowledge  of  the  quality  of  ducks  of 
any  kind,  or  of  their  eggs,  and  this  is  my 
first  season  with  the  Indian  Runner,  but  so 
well  am  I  pleased  with  them  that,  could  I 
be  assured  of  a  market  for  all  I  could  pro¬ 
duce  at  the  same  price  as  chickens  bring.  I 
would  quickly  substitute  them  for  hens  al¬ 
together.”  This  opinion  leaves  the  fancy 
duck  entirely  out  of  consideration.  It  deals 
with  the  Runner  from  experience  as  to 
what  it  will  do  (cost  22  cents  each  to 
raise  to  market  size)  and  looks  at  it  from 
the  market  point  of  view  only.  I  beg  to 
assure  the  lady  that  an  old  and  reliable 
commission  firm  in  New  York,  one  which 
advertised  with  this  paper  for  years,  told 
me  personally  that  any  duck  that  was  well 
fattened  would  sell  always.  This  was  in 
answer  to  my  question  as  to  whether  a 
duck  of  this  size  would  be  acceptable.  Tt 
seems  rank  folly  to  rate  it  as  too  small, 
when  the  market  continually  takes  hens  of 
the  same  weight,  and  when  the  average 
family  almost  invariably  asks  for  a  bird 
weighing  about  four  pounds.  It  is  surely 
but  folly  to  say  that  a  perfectly  good  food 
product  that  is  in  the  demand  that  eggs 
command,  will  not  sell,  especially  when 
some  are  selling  it  right  along.  It  is  no 
longer  a  question  what  the  Indian  Runner 
will  do,  for  too  many  have  tested  it,  and 
testified,  and  its  future  rests  very  largely 
on  the  market  demand  and  the  skill  of  its 
breeders  in  finding  the  markets  that  need 
itS  eggS.  C.  S.  VALENTINE. 


Lime  Sulphur  for  Hen  Lice. 

On  page  933  .T.  C.  I..  Connecticut,  asks 
how  to  rid  a  henhouse  of  bedbugs.  We  are 
not  bothered  with  bedbugs,  but  we  did  have 
a  lousy  henhouse,  and  this  is  the  way  we 
got  rid  of  them :  With  our  orchard  spray 
outfit,  backed  up  to  the  henhouse  door, 
using  commercial  lime  sulphur,  one  to  eight, 
a  man  to  work  the  pump  and  a  man  to 
operate  the  nozzle,  spraying  a  10x16  foot 
henhouse  was  a  short  job,  and  in  less  than 
six  hours  live  lice  were  a  minus  quantity 

J.  r.  s. 

I  have  been  in  the  poultry  business  a 
good  many  years.  I  keep  purebred  Rrown 
Leghorns.  I  winter  about  400  hens  every 
year,  and  have  found  a  sure  louse  cure. 
When  I  had  done  spraying  my  orchards 
with  lime  and  sulphur  I  cleaned  out  house 
thoroughly  and  sprayed  inside  with  a  good 
coat  of  lime  and  sulphur,  same  as  we  use 
to  kill  scale,  and  I  would  add  it  does  the 
business  so  it  will  stay  done.  i.  v.  b. 

New  York. 


Egg-eating  Hens, 

In  the  discussion  in  regard  to  hens  eat¬ 
ing  their  eggs,  there  is  one  point  I  wish  to 
add  that  I  have  not  seen  mentioned.  When 
I  find  a  pen  of  hens  that  are  eating  their 
eggs  I  reason  that  they  are  living  too  high, 
so  I  reduce  the  amount  of  feed  given  to 
them,  then  fix  the  nests  so  as  to  make  them 
dark.  The  hens  are  taught  to  eat  eggs  by 
finding  them  with  soft  or  thin  shells,  and 
In  10  times  out  of  10  times  the  hens  that 
lay  soft-shelled  eggs  are  fat.  By  reducing 
the  feed,  they  will  have  a  tendency  to  lay 
a  less  number  of  eggs,  but  with  better 
Bhells.  When  the  question  is  asked  again 
about  egg  eaters,  you  might  bear  this  in 
mind.  v.  e.  h. 

Lakeport,  N.  H. 


Iron  Roof  for  Poultry  House. 

Replying  to  “C.  M.,”  who  asks  as  to  the 
advisability  of  putting  a  corrugated  iron 
roof  upon  an  open-front  henhouse,  tacking 
the  same  directly  to  the  rafters  without 
roof  boarding  beneath,  I  did  exactly  that 
thing  about  five  years  ago,  and  had  in  con¬ 
sequence  a  roof  which  leaked  like  a  sieve, 
though  it  bad  a  good  pitch  and  was  well 
built.  I  was  compelled  to  tear  the  roof  off 
and  board  tight  beneath  it,  after  which  I 
replaced  the  corrugated  iron  and  cemented 
all  joints,  and  still  have  a  roof  which  leaks 
badly,  and  always  will.  Mv  observation  of 
corrugated  iron  roofing  tea-hes  me  that  it 
should  be  laid  with  the  greatest  care  upon 
a  good  foundation,  using  a  “half  round” 
under  the  corrugation  through  which  the 
nails  are  driven,  and  my  opinion  is  that  if 
“C.  M.”  lays  his  roof  as  he  suggests  he  will 
regret  it.  As  to  its  readily  conducting 
both  heat  and  cold,  I  believe  that  to  be  im¬ 
material,  particularly  in  an  open-front 
house.  M.  B.  DEAN. 

New  York. 

My  own  experience  about  corrugated  metal 
roofing  is  as  follows  :  I  have  used  it  as  a 
roof  covering  on  several  poultry  houses  and 
find  it  to  be  sweltering  hot  in  the  Summer 
months  and  in  Winter  very  cold,  as  it 
sweats  and  gets  very  frosty,  and  if  one 
does  not  paint  both  sides  of  it  every  year 
it  will  rust  through  very  soon.  Where  the 
joints  are  nailed  onto  the  roof  boards  it 
will  rust  through  just  the  same  whether 
painted  or  not ;  it  is  about  the  cheapest 
roofing  that  can  be  used,  and  is  like  a  cheap 
suit  of  clothes.  The  best  and  most  durable 
roofing  in  the  long  run  is  a  solid  roof  of 
matched  lumber  with  a  two-ply  felt  cover¬ 
ing.  I  find  that  also  to  be  the  cheapest,  as 
it  will  need  no  repairs  for  a  good  number 
of  years.  w.  L. 

Hawleyville,  Conn. 

Iron  Roof  for  Poultry  House. — C.  M. 
asks  on  page  952  if  a  corrugated  iron  roof 
will  be  too  cold  in  Winter  or  too  hot  in 
Summer ;  I  will  give  my  experience  with 
same.  Two  years  ago  I  tried  this  kind  of 
roof  on  my  chicken  house  and  found  it  to 
be  a  regular  Turkish  bath  in  Summer  and 
very  cold  in  Winter,  consequently  many  bad¬ 
ly  frozen  combs.  Last  Winter  I  put  common 
building  paper  direct  to  strips  and  the  roof¬ 
ing  over  the  paper  and  did  not  have  a  par¬ 
ticle  of  trouble  after  that.  My  house,  built 
in  this  manner,  is  14x16,  front  seven,  rear 
five  feet:  scantlings,  2x4,  laid  crosswise  four 
feet  apart ;  strins  1x3,  lengthwise,  six 
inches  apart ;  building  paper  stretched  care¬ 
fully  direct  to  strips  and  the  roofing  over 
paper.  This  makes  a  cheap  and  very  satis¬ 
factory  roof  in  every  respect.  o.  E.  b. 

Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


Another  Brahma  Man. — After  reading 
Mr.  Bonham’s  letter  and  seeing  the  picture 
on  page  873,  I  cannot  refrain  saying  “sec¬ 
ond  the  motion.”  My  Brahmas,  five  pul¬ 
lets  and  a  rooster,  kept  in  a  coop  four  feet 
high  and  wide  and  12  feet  long,  in  Seattle. 
Wash.,  paid  half  the  railroad  fare  for  three 
across  the  continent  in  less  than  60  days 
from  the  sale  of  their  eggs  and  day-old 
chicks,  themselves  bringing  .$25  in  April 
last.  I  wish  to  endorse  Mr.  Bonham’s  state¬ 
ment  to  the  letter.  I  think  the  Brahma 
equal  to  the  best,  and  they  are  certainly 
beautiful,  fine  large  birds.  g.  w.  p. 

New  York. 


“The  First  Egg.”— On  page  91S  is  an 
article  by  R.  B.,  Maryland,  “The  First 
Egg.”  In  looking  up  my  record  I  find  my 
first  hatched  chicks  out  April  2,  R.  C.  Reds, 
and  on  August  27  I  found  the  first  egg, 
and  by  this  time  I  have  three  pullets  lay¬ 
ing.  The  eggs  are  small  in  size,  but  one 
cannot  ask  for  larger  eggs  from  five-months- 
old  pullets.  The  chicks  have  had  good  care 
and  house,  lots  of  room,  feed  regular  three 
times  a  day,  and  it  looks  as  if  they  expect 
to  pay  for  it.  i.  m. 

New  I’altz,  N.  Y. 


-  Blumer  Barn,  Munroe,  I Vis. 


3 


i 

Z3 


=3 

1 


ZZ\  This  Barn  Didn’t  Burn 

because  it  was  roofed  with 
NEPonsET  Paroid  Roofing.  The 
photograph  shows  men  and  teams 
drawing  away  the  ruins  of  a  house 
which  burned  down  only  100 
feet  away. 

IMEpdnsET 

PAROID  ROOFING 

Costs  Less  Than  Shingles 
Adds  Fire  Protection 

Shingles  always  invite  fire.  Here  is 
one  case  where  the  fire  resisting  quali¬ 
ties  of  Neponset  Paroid  saved  a  valu¬ 
able  barn.  It  prevents  spread  of  fire 
because  blazing  sparks  and  embers 
can  not  make  it  burn. 

Furthermore,  buildings  roofed  13 
years  ago  provethatNEPONSETParoid 
rivals  best  shingles  for  long  wear— and 
it  costs  less  to  buy  and  less  to  lay. 

Buy  this  permanent-wear  roofing 
which  adds  fire  protection.  Let  us 
send  you  all  the  facts. 

Write  at  if  you  do  not  know 
a  NeponseT  dealer. 

F.  W.  BIRD  &  SON 

(Establish'd  1795) 

134  Neponset  St.,  E.  W alpole.  Mass. 

rtcn  /ork  Chicago  Washington  Portland,  Ore. 
San  Franoieco 

Canadian  Plant ,  Hamilton ,  Ont . 


-3 

1 


-99  %  Pure- 

American  Ingot  Iron  Roofing 

Guaranteed  For  30  Years 

Without  Painting 

The  Only  Guaranteed  Metal  Roofing  ever  put  on  the 
market.  Samples  free.  Write  for  a  free  book  showing 
remarkable  tests.  A  way  out  of  your  roof  troubles. 

THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  CO.,  Dept.  D.  ELYRIA,  OHIO 


LET  US  TAN 
YOUR  HIOE. 

Cattle  or  Horse  hide,  Calf,  Dog,  Deer, 
or  any  kind  of  skin  with  hair  or  fur  on. 

We  make  them  soft,  light,  odorless, 
wind,  moth  and  waterproof,  and  make 
them  into  coats  (for  men  or  women), 
robes,  rugs  or  gloves  when,  so  ordered. 

Your  fur  goods  will  cost  you  less  than 
to  buy  them,  and  be  worth  more.  Send 
three  or  more  cow  or  horse  hides  in  one 
shipment  from  anywhere  east  of  Den¬ 
ver  and  we  pay  the  freight  both  ways. 

Get  our  illustrated  catalog  which  §jjs 
gives  prices  of  tanning,  taxidermy  and  jgj 
head  mounting.  Also  prices  of  fur 
goods,  and  big  mounted  game  heads 
we  sell. 

The  Crosby  Frisian  Fur  Company, 

571  Lyell  Ave.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


MAKE  HENS  LAY 

By  feeding  raw  bone.  Its  egg-producing  value  Is  four 
times  that  of  grain.  Eggs  more  fertile,  chicks  morn 
vigorous,  broilers  earlier,  fowls  heavier  i 
profits  larger. 

MANN’S  lm5d!I  Bone  Cutter 

Cuts  all  bone  with  adhering  meat  and 
gristle.  Never  clogs.  IO  Days*  Free  Trial. 

No  money  in  advance. 

Send  T odny  lor  Free  Book. 

F.  W.  Mann  Co.,  Box  is,  Milford,  Mass, 


HEN-LICE  WAX 

Only  one  application  a  year  necessary.  Send  for 
prices,  etc.  O.  W.  MAPES,  Middletown,  N.  Y. 


MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best  Coarse  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  aud  samples.  Est  1844 
R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 


Pfllll  TRYMPN  — *>on  t  to  secure  Stock  and 
rUULI  U  I  ill  L II  Eggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 
FAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS.  Marietta,  Pa. 


Ofi  EGOS  $1.00 — Leading  varieties,  62  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
L  U  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Large  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  B’.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 


PARTRIDGES  I  PHEASANTS 

Capercailzies,.  Black  Game,  Wild  Turkeys,  Quails, 
Rabbits,  Deer,  etc.,  for  stocking  purposes.  Fancy 
Pheasants,  Peafowl,  Cranes,  Storks,  Beautiful 
Swans,  Ornamental  Geese  and  Ducks,  Foxes, 
Squirrels,  Ferrets,  and  all  kinds  of  birds  and 
animals.  Send  four  cents  for  illustrated  descriptive 
circulars.  WENZ  &  MACKENSEN,  Dept.  10,  Pheasantry 
and  Game  Park,  Yardley,  Pa. 

rnnn  Single-Combed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 
0UUU  Plytnohtb  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 
right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  best  selections.  Largest  success, 
ful  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 

7 fin  S.  C.  W.  LEGHORNS— Animal  Salo  of  Thor- 
I  UU  oughbred  Yearlings  and  Two-Yeax’-Olds. 
F.  B.  Dilts,  Maple  Spring  Farm,  Flexnington,  N.  j. 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  and  Cock¬ 
erels:  any  quantity  at  attractive  prices:  bred -to- lav 
kind. _ SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemingtoii,  N.  J. 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS— Write 
at  once  if  you  wish  stock  from  our  "mammoth 
utility”  strain  of  heaviest  layers  and  the  most  suc¬ 
cessful  and  probably  the  best  known  egg  farm  on 
Long  Island.  “Quality”  prices  not  considered- 
quick  movinp  prices  are.  THORN EHAVEN  L’OUL- 
TRY  FARM,  Shelter  Island  Heights,  N.  Y. 

Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  .May  return  at  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  602  Fifth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

THE  FARMER’S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 

RARRFD  ROCKS  WH1TE  rocks. 

DFVIMVLIA  rs.UV.IVk3  PARTRIDGE  VVYAN- 
DOTTES,  PARTRIDGE  COCHINS.  We  have  a 
line  lot  of  youngsters.  Prize-winning  strain. 
MINCH  BROS.,  Route  2,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

PULLETS  and  YEARLING  HENS 

dottes,  single  and  rose  comb;  Brown  and  \V.  Leg¬ 
horns,  R.  I.  Reds;  from  80  cents  per  head  up.  Write 
for  just  what  you  want  and  how  much  you  wish  to 
invest.  Maple  Cove  Poultry  Yards,  R.  24  Athens.  Pa. 

BUFF  WYANDOTTES-KaT^S 

FOWL.  Utility  and  Exhibition  stock  for  sale.  Cir¬ 
culars  free.  John  Willmarth,  Amityvilie,  N.  Y. 

•OUPERB  STRAIN"  WHITE  WYAND0TTES— Selected  C0CK- 
*3  ERELS  for  breeding,  $2.00  and  $3.00  each,  this 
month.  If  they  don’t  please,  return  at  our  ex¬ 
pense.  0WNLAND  FARM,  Box  497,  South  Hammond,  N.  Y. 

Snow  White  Wyandottes  Th?  ?^hl>red 


Circular  free. 


and  bred  to 

Goldenrod  Farm.  Stewartstown,  Pa. 


The  Secret  of 
Raising  Plump  Poultry 

Over  18  years  ago  Dr.  Hess  set  about  tackling  the  problem  of  wasted  nutri¬ 
tion — one  of  the  drawbacks  that  cost  poultry  raisers  thousands  of  dollars 
annually.  After  prolonged  feeding  and  scientific  experiments  in  his  laboratory  he 
introduced  Dr.  Hess  Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a,  a  preparation  consisting  of  highly  concen¬ 
trated  tonics,  which  enable  fowl  to  extract  the  largest  possible  amount  of  nutriment 
from  their  ration  and  convert  it  into  eggs,  flesh,  blood  and  feathers.  In  other  words, 

Dr,  Hess  Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a 

solved  the  digestion  problem,  carrying  out  “The  Dr.  Hess  Idea”  that  the  more  food  digested, 
the  more  went  to  the  system-building  and  less  to  waste.  At  this  time  of  year,  when  cholera 
is  prevalent  among  poultry,  Dr.  Hess  Pan-a-ce-a  is  particularly  beneficial,  as  it  strengthens 
and  tones  up  the  system  and  helps  fowl  ward  off  disease.  It  also  cures  Roup,  Gapes 
and  other  poultry  ailments  and  keeps  hens  in  splendid  condition  for  laying  winter 
eggs.  A  penny’s  worth  feeds  thirty  fowl  per  day.  Sold  under  this  guarantee :  - 

Our  Proposition 


■411 

,3 


You  buy  Dr.  Hess  Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a  of  your  dealer.  If  it  fails  to  make  your  hens  lay 
more  eggs  and  keep  your  poultry  healthy,  he  is  authorized  by  us  to  refund  your  money. 
1%  lbs.,  25c.,  mail  or  express,  40c.;  5  lbs.,  60c.;  12  lbs.,  $1.25  ;  25-lb.  pail,  $2.50; 
except  in  Canada  and  the  extreme  West.  If  your  dealer  cannot  supply  you, 
we  will.  Send  2  cents  for  Dr.  Hess’  48-page  Poultry  Book,  FREE. 

DR.  HESS  A  CLARK 

Ashland ,  Ohio 


TBs*  ffpcc  TnnSr*  A  digestive  tonic  of  great  value.  Especially  helpful  to 

*  hogs,  helping  them  to  digest  more  food  and  put  on  flesh  very 

rapidly.  Keeps  the  stomach  clean — wards  off  cholera — expels  the  worms.  It  is  a  sure  flesh  and  milk  producer.  100-lb 
sack,  $5.00  ;  25-lb.  pail,  $1.60.  Except  in  Canada  and  extreme  West  and  South.  Sold  under  a  written  guarantee. 

FREE  from  the  1st  to  the  1 0th  of  each  month — Dr.  Hess  (M.D.,D.  V.S.)  will  prescribe 
for  your  ailing  animals.  96-page  Veterinary  Book  Free  for  the  asking. 

Mention  this  paper  and  enclose  2c.  stamp. 


INSTANT  LOUSE  KILLER  KILLS  LICE 


898 


THE  RURAL.  NEW-YORKER 


October  7, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


Several  times  I  have  been  asked  to 
reprint  Publisher’s  Desk  in  book  form. 
Last  Spring  I  started  to  rewrite  it  with 
the  purpose  of  complying  with  the  re¬ 
quest.  I  soon  found  that  I  must  aban¬ 
don  the  attempt  because  of  the  danger 
of  putting  in  permanent  form  a  criticism 
of  some  person  or  house,  that  might  in 
some  way  do  them  an  injustice.  The 
circumstance  might  have  been  correctly 
reported  months  or  years  back,  but  the 
repetition  of  it  at  this  time  might  not 
be  warranted  or  justified.  One  such  in¬ 
stance  would  destroy  the  purpose  of  the 
book.  So  the  reprint  was  abandoned. 
But  I  am  going  to  publish  a  book  that 
will  be  of  greater  value.  It  has  grown 
out  of  the  same  purpose.  I  want  our 
friends  to  help.  This  book  will  tell 
how  tricks,  fakes  and  frauds  are  worked 
on  people  to  get  money  from  them.  I 
am  going  to  tell  it  in  the  plainest  and 
simplest  words  possible.  I  want  every 
instance  to  show  just  how  the  trick 
was  turned  so  that  the  reader  will  know 
how  to  avoid  the  allurements  of  these 
crooks.  Have  you  any  personal  experi¬ 
ence  or  personal  knowledge  of  such 
tricks  or  swindles?  If  so,  write  them 
out,  and  send  to  Publisher’s  Desk.  Tell 
only  what  you  know  of  your  personal 
knowledge  or  experience.  If  you  send 
something  I  can  use  in  the  book,  I  will 
send  you  a  cloth-bound  copy  of  the 
book  as  soon  as  it  is  published. 

I  learned  of  one  case  where  an  old  couple 
in  Hutchinson  had  been  induced  to  invest 
practically  all  of  their  savings  in  one  of 
Lewis’  schemes  and  as  a  result  lost  every 
dollar  they  invested.  The  old  gentleman 
died,  leaving  his  widow,  as  I  understand, 
almost  in  want.  They  had  been  hard-work¬ 
ing  people  who  had  lived  on  a  farm  before 
coming  to  Hutchinson.  They  sold  the  farm 
and  _  invested,  as  I  recollect.  .$6,000  with 
Lewis. — Editor,  Farm  Mail  and  Breeze,  To¬ 
peka,  Kans. 

The  readers  of  the  Breeze  are  for¬ 
tunate  if  only  one  such  case  has  de¬ 
veloped  among  them.  We  can  refer  the 
editor  to  dozens  of  cases  of  the  kind, 
and  to  hundreds  of  complaints  of  such 
losses  from  people  who  suffered  from 
the  Lewis  swindles,  though  not  to  the 
extreme  extent  of  the  above  case.  Now 
that  the  Breeze  has  opened  the  case, 
we  predict  that  the  editor  will  hear 
from  many  more  Lewis  victims. 

Will  people  ever  learn? 

Three  years  ago  the  Jared  Flagg 
Company  opened  offices  at  105  West 
40th  street,  New  York  City.  It  was 
ostensibly  a  broker’s  office,  but  turns 
out  to  have  been  a  get-rich-quick  con¬ 
cern.  The  so-called  brokers  were  to 
trade  in  Wall  Street  stocks.  Their  cus¬ 
tomers — dupes — were  to  furnish  the 
cash,  and  they  were  to  be  paid  one  per 
cent  a  week — 52  per  cent  a  year.  The 
money  came  pouring  in  to  Flagg  and 
Company,  and,  of  course,  the  one  per 
cent  a  week  went  back,  and  that 
brought  more  cash  from  the  first  inves- 
ters  and  their  confidential  friends.  You 
see  the  one  per  cent  a  week  could  be 
paid  back  for  nearly  two  years  before 
the  original  investment  was  all  re¬ 
turned  ;  and  in  the  meantime  money  in 
increasing  volume  would  and  did  come 
in  from  people  who  heard  of  the  great 
profits.  It  was  coming  recently  at  the 
rate  of  $200,000  per  month.  In  all  $2,- 
000,000  has  been  received.  But  last 
week  the  postal  inspectors  turned  in 
their  reports ;  a  warrant  was  issued, 
and  Mr.  Flagg  with  seven  of  his  asso¬ 
ciates  spent  a  night  in  the  Tombs. 
They  have .  since  been  indicted  by 
the  Federal  Grand  Jury,  charged 
with  fraudulent  use  of  the  mails, 
and  held  under  heavy  bail.  The 
scheme  seems  to  have  been  patterned 
somewhat  after  the  520  per  cent  Miller 
swindle  of  some  years  back.  But,  like 
Lewis,  it  is  said  he  used  women  to 
further  the  scheme.  Just  as  Lewis  paid, 
or  promised  to  pay,  a  commission  to 
women  who  would  induce  other  women 
of  their  neighborhood  to  join  his 
schemes  and  send  him  their  money,  so 
Flagg  paid  a  commission  to  those  who 
would  induce  their  friends  to  send 
money  to  Flagg.  And  in  further  com¬ 
parison,  just  as  Lewis  raised  a  howl  of 
abuse  of  the  postal  officials,  and  set 
himself  up  as  a  martyr  to  the  cause  of 
the  people,  so  Flagg  and  his  associates 
rage  at  the  Federal  authorities,  and 
threaten  exposure  of  official  misdoings. 
What  sins  may  be  due  to  postal  offi¬ 
cials  I  don’t  know.  I  suppose  they 
have  their  faults  like  other  mortals. 
But  I  have  been  watching  these  swind¬ 
ling  games  for  25  years,  and  during 
that  time  the  postal  officials  never  did 
as  good  work  as  they  are  doing  at  the 
present  time;  and  the  people  ought  to 
support  them  and  encourage  them  in 


the  good  work.  Nothing  has  done  the 
Taft  administration  more  credit  than 
the  rounding  up  of  notorious  crooks. 

I  am  willing  to  pay  the  freight  on  a 
dean,  honest  farm  paper.  It  has  saved  me 
and  my  employer  dollar  after  dollar  every 
year  in  live  stock.  Let  alone  frauds  and 
fakes  of  all  kinds  and  descriptions,  espe¬ 
cially  in  that  Globe  Association.  When  I 
told  their  agent  I  saw  in  your  columns  that 
they  were  a  fake,  he  never  asked  another 
question,  but  picked  up  his  hat  and  left. 

Virginia.  J.  w.  r. 

Fakers  do  not  lose  much  time  with 
subjects  who  are  well  advised.  They 
meet  better  success  with  people  who  are 
not  well  informed  as  to  their  schemes. 

I  am  writing  to  thank  you  for  the  effort 
you  have  made  to  collect  for  the  case  of 
eggs  lost  in  transit  last  September.  The 
United  States  Express  Company  settled 
with  me  through  their  agent  here,  paying 
me  $7.41,  which  they  claim  was  what  the 
case  sold  for  on  October  10,  1910,  14  days 
after  shipment.  I  feel  sure  that  1  am  $7.41 
better  off  than  I  would  have  been  but  for 
you.  I  wish  to  thank  you  again  for  stick¬ 
ing  right  to  the  express  company  until  they 
were  glad  to  settle.  e.  a.  s. 

New  York. 

The  express  company  would  tire  us 
out  just  as  it  does  shippers,  if  experi¬ 
ence  gave  them  any  hope  in  that  direc¬ 
tion.  But  we  don't  tire. 

Excuse  neglect  in  sending  in  subscription. 
Don’t  ever  stop  until  notified  by  me,  as  I 
consider  the  paper  worth  more  than  the 
price,  in  publishing  frauds.  1  came  near 
getting  stuck  with  Lewis’  schemes,  but 
went  to  the  president  of  bank  and  asked 
his  opinion  as  an  investment,  and  he  said, 
‘•Let  it  alone.”  I  only  wish  all  the  others 
had  done  the  same.  Then  Lewis  would 
have  gone  to  work  and  got  his  money  by 
the  sweat  of  his  brow  like  the  rest  of  us. 
The  great  trouble  with  us  farmers  is  that 
when  we  read  such  schemes  we  want  to 
make  some  money  easy,  and  so  lose  what 
little  we  have  saved.  My  wish  is  that  you 
keep  up  the  instructions.  G.  G.  t. 

New  York. 

There  is  a  wise  man.  The  banker 
would  go  to  you  if  he  wanted  informa¬ 
tion  about  the  farm.  Go  to  him  for  in¬ 
formation  about  investments.  It  is  his 
business.  It  is  true  that  some  of  the 
bankers  got  fooled  on  the  Lewis  bank 
schemes,  simply  because  they  reasoned 
that  he  would  have  to  comply  with  the 
law  as  they  do  themselves ;  but  they 
did  not  know  that  his  energies  have 
been  devoted  to  avoiding  laws ;  nor 
that  he  would  impudently  defy  them. 
Any  of  us  will  miss  calculations  now 
and  then ;  but  the  safest  course  is  to  ask 
information  of  a  doctor,  if  you  are  sick, 
and  the  same  holds  good  of  other 
things.  Ask  the  man  whose  business  it 
is  to  know.  j.  j.  d. 


National  ^ 
Dairy  Show , 

Chicago 


October  26— November  4,  1911 

Court  of  Last  Appeal 

Being  the  Fin.il  Contest  for  the  Show  Yard 
Supremacy  of  the  Year. 

FIRST  IN  DAIRY  CATTLE  FIRST  IN  DAIRY  PRODUCTS 
FIRST  IN  DAIRY  MACHIN  ERY 
FIRST  IN  EDUCATION  FIRST  IN  ATTRACTIONS 

Write  today  for  most  liberal  premium  list  ever 
offered  and  rates  for  exhibition  space.  If  inter¬ 
ested  from  any  standpoint  whatever  send  us 
your  name  for  free  bulletins  with  all  news  of 
the  Show.  Address 

National  Dairy  Show  Ass’n  130c5hSoy.TiLB- 


ReduceThat  Feed  Bill 

Increase  your  milk  supply  at  the 
same  time  by  feeding  Dried  Brewers 
Grains  and  Malt  Sprouts.  Send  for 
our  valuable  descriptive  booklet  on 
Points  for  Stock  Feeders. 

Farmers  Feed  Co., 

76th  St.,  East  River,  New  York  City 


Concrete  for 
Crib 

Foundations 

Almost  every  farmer  suffers  an 
actual  money  loss  much  larger 
than  he  realizes,  through  the  rav¬ 
ages  of  rats  and  mice  in  his  cribs 
and  granaries. 

Concrete  foundations  for  cribs  stop 
this  loss  instantly.  They  are  abso¬ 
lutely  vermin-proof  and  practically 
everlasting. 

LEHIGH 

PORTLAND 

CEMENT 

is  especially  adapted  for  use  on  the 
farm  for  silos,  water  troughs,  barns, 
etc.,  on  account  of  its  remarkable 
strength  and  durability. 

At  least  one  good  dealer  in  your 
town  handles  LEHIGH.  Remember 
the  name — LEHIGH — and  be  sure  to 
ask  for  LEHIGH.  Watch  for  the  LE¬ 
HIGH  trade-mark  if  you  want  the 
best  cement  for  your  particular  use. 

Our  Free  Book  gives  you  just  the  in¬ 
formation  you  want  about  cement. 
A  complete  manual  on  the  use  of  con¬ 
crete  on  the  farm.  Your  name  and 
address  on  a  postal  or  letter  brings 
it  postpaid.  Address 

Lehigh  Portland 
Cement  Company 

(11  mills  — 11,000,000 
barrels  yearly 
capacity) 

Dept.  S 

Allentown,  Pa.  2 


y.  Gel  ^ 

A  Real  Pump 

and  you  will  have  no  trouble 
keeping  your  stock  supplied 
with  water.  Goulds  Reliable 
Pumps  are  the  most  dependable, 
easiest  working  and  longest 
service  pumps  you  can  buy. 

Write  for  our  free  booklet 
“Water  Supply  for  the  Home” 
Contains  many  valuable  sugges¬ 
tions  on  pumps  and  pumping. 

THE  GOULDS  MEG.  CO. 
gg  W.  Fall  St.,  Seneca  Falls,  N.  Y. 


GOIILDS 

RELIABLE 

PUMPS 


li 


r 


iTO* 

1  TheOldStylc 

/s  a 

Nuisance 


SCIENTIFIC  POWER  MILL 

Adapted  for  use  in  any  locality,  but  espec¬ 
ially  valuable  in  the  South¬ 
ern  States  Successfully 
grinds  Indian  corn  in  the 
shuck  and  Kafir  corn  in  the 
brush.  IJnequaled  for 
grinding  cob  corn,  with  or 
without  shuck;  will 
also  grind  every  kind 
of  small  grain  includ¬ 
ing  cotton  seed  when 
mixed  with  corn. 

Unlike  Any  Other  Mill 
Ever  Built 

I  Has  all  modern  safety 
features  and  is  built  for 
heavy  service.  Pulley  is 
iutsido  of  frame  permitting  use  of  endless  belts. 
Phis  No.  103  is  a  general  purpose  . mill  and  we  stand 
iack  of  every  claim  we  make  for  it.  W  rite. for  cata- 
og  fully  describing  twenty-four  styles  and  sizes. 

rHC  BAUER  BROS.  CO.,  Boi  415  Springfield',  Ohio 


KSTSELMAN  FENCE 

Sold  direct  to  you  at  factory 
prices  on  30  days  trial.  Save 
(.the  dealers  profit  Farm,  Hog 
and  Poultry  Fence  at  from 

1  114  CENTS  A  ROD  UP. 

All  wlresare  heavily  galvanized 
80  rod  spool  of  Ideal  galvanized 
Barbed  Wire  ©1.55.  Write 
today  for  large  free  Catalogue  showing 
75  different  styles  and  heights  of  fencing. 

Box  230  KITSEIMAN  BROS.  MUNCIE,  IN0. 


s*  As  low  as  $10 

And  any  boy  can  operate  it  and  earn  the 
price  of  this  saw  In  two  days  easily  by 
contracting  to  saw  lumber,  firewood,  lath, 
fences,  posts,  etc.,  for  neighbors. 

Hertzler  &  Zook 

Portable 
Wood 


Earn 

$10 


"I 


is  positively  the  cheapest  and  best 
saw  made.  Liberally  guaranteed  for 
1  year— will  last  many  years. 
Strictly  factory  prices  —  you 
save  jobbers’  profits.  Stick 
sits  low— saw  draws  it  on 
immediately  machine 
starts— ensuring  ease  of 
operation.  Only  $10  saw  to 
wh’ch  ripping  table  can  be 
added.  Write  for  catalogue. 

HEETZLER  &  ZOOK  CO. 
Box  3  Belleville,  Pa. 


J 


THE  UNADILLA  SILO 

IS  THE  SENSATION  OF 
THE  AGRICULTURAL  WORLD 

Because  it  has  continuous  opening 
from  bottom  to  top. 

Because  it  has  ladder  formed  by 
fasteners,  with  rounds  15  inches  apart. 

Because  hoops  are  stronger  than 
others. 

Write  for  catalogue  describing  the 
above  features  ancl  testimonials,  and 
our  “TWENTY-FIVE  REASONS.” 

We  also  manufacture  Farm  Water 
Tubs  and  are  New  England  represonta- 
_ _ tives  for  Papec  Cutters  and  are  in  pos¬ 
ition  to  quote  low  prices  upon  receipt  of  inquiry. 

Extra  discount  for  early  orders.  Agents  wanted. 
The  Unadilla  Silo  Co.,  Inc.,  Box  B,  Unadilla,  N.  Y. 


(UP3==0  c==tKO^) 

AGENTS 

$33.30  A  WEEK 

Jack  Wood  did  it!  He  writes — “Hur¬ 
ry  up  100  more — sold  first  lot  in  2  days — 
best  seller  I  ever  saw.’*  Hundreds  of 
agents  coining  money — $5.60worth  of  tools 
for  the  price  of  one.  Drop  forged^from 
finest  steel.  Astonishing  low  price  to 
agents— 1,200  ordered  by  one  man.  Write 
at  once.  Don’t  delay.  Experience  un¬ 
necessary.  8ample  free  to  workers. 

THOMAS  MFG.  COMPANY 
865  Barney  St.  DAYTON,  OHIO 


Lowest  Cost — Best  Service 

NO  matter  what  your^jiower  needs 
write  at  once, for  the  Leffel 
Free  Book  tel  is  al  1  facts 
about  engines.  Get  posted 
on  what's  what  in  thepower 
world.  Don't  make  a  mistake. 

Buy  right  theltrst  time.  Thou¬ 
sands  of  Leffel  engines  are  dis¬ 
placing  gasoline  engines  be¬ 
cause  they  are  more  depend¬ 
able-more  simple— more  dur¬ 
able  ana  more  economical.  Let 
us  prove  it  to  you. 

LEFFEL 

Steam  Engines 

work  harder  at  less  cost  than 
any  other  engine  you  could 
buy.  Made  to  run  any  machine  on  your  farm.  Burns] 
any  old  wood  or  rubbish  around  the  place  for  fuel. 

WRITE  FOR  FREE  BOOK  Don’t  decide  on  your 
engine  before  you  get  the  Leffel  Book  that  tells 
all  the  facts  about  Gasoline  and  Steam  power 
outfits  and  their  relative  value  to  you.  Don’t 
wait— write  postal  now.  Address 
James  Leffel  &  Company 
Box  264,  Springfield,  Ohlo^ 


Keep  hogs 


A  DIPPING  TANK  OR  A  HOG  WALLOW 

WITH 

KRESO  DIPN2.I 

WILL  DO  THE  WORK 

THERE  IS  NO  EXCUSE  TOR  LOUSY  MANffV 
UNTHRIFTY  PIGS.  IF  YOU  HAVE  SOME 
OF  THIS  KIND  YOU  WILL  FIND  IT  WORTH 
WHILE  TO  GET  OUR  CIRCULAR  ON 
TANKS  AND  WALLOWS.  IT  TELLS 
HOW  TO  MAKE  THEM  OF  CEMENT 

KRESO  DIP  N2I 

IS  A  REAL  NECESSITY 

ABOUT  ALL  LIVE  STOCK 
FOR  KILLING  LICE  .TICKS,  MITES,  FLEAS, 
FOR  TREATING  SCAB.MANGE, RINGWORM, 
AND  OTHER  SKIN  DISEASES; 

TO  DISINFECT,  DEODORIZE. 
CLEANSE  Sc  PURIFY. 

ALL  OF  THESE  USES  FULLY  DESCRIBED 
IN  OUR  BOOKLETS .  WRITE  FOR  COPIES 
ASK  YOUR  DRUGGIST  FOR  KRESO  DIP  NO.I 

PARKE, DAVIS  &  CO. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY. 
DETROIT, 


9©9 


THE  HURAt  IN  EW-YORKER 


Crops  and  Markets 

Wholesale  Prices  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  September  29,  1911. 


HOTTER 


Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 28  ©  .29 

Good  to  Choice . 24  @  .27 

Lower  Grades  . 21  ®  223 

State  Dairy,  best . 25  a  .26 

Common  to  Good . 20  ®  .24 

Factory . 17  @  .20 

racking  Stock . 17  (a  ly 


Elgin,  111.,  butter  market  firm  at  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  27^  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  28  cents. 
CHEESE 


Full  Cream,  best . .13  ®  .14 

Common  to  Good . 10  ®  .12 

Skims . 06  ®  .12 

EGGS 

White,  good  to  choice . 30  @  .35 

Mixed  Colors,  best. . 27  @  .28 

Common  to  Good . 21  ®  .25 

Western,  best . 23  ®  .28 

Under  grades . 14  ®  .20 

Checks  and  dirties . h  ®  .15 

Storage,  prime . 20  @  .21 

BEANS 

Marrow.  100  lbs .  4.75  ®  5.00 

Medium . .  3.75  <»  4.10 

Pea . • .  3.85  ®  4.15 

Fellow  Eye .  8.60  ®  3.70 

Bed  Kidney . 5.25  ©  5.65 

WhiteKidney .  4.75  ®  5.10 

Lima.  California .  6.40  ©  6.45 

HOPS 

Prime  to  Choice . 52  @  .56 

Common  to  Good . 47  @  .51 

Pacific  Coast . 37  ®  .42 

German  Crop,  new . 95  @  1.00 


DRIED  FRUITS 

Apples,  evap., choice,  1911 . 

Common  to  good . 

Sun  dried . 

Chops,  new . 

Cherries .  . 

Raspberries . 

FRESH  FRUITS 

Apples,  Wealthy,  bbl . 

Alexander . 

Wolf  River  . 

Twenty  Ounce . 

Maiden  Blnsh . 

McIntosh . 

Gravenstein . 

Duchess . 

Baldwin . 

Greening . 

King . 

Ilubbardstou . 

Fall  Pippin . 

Windfalls,  bbl . 

Crabapples,  bbl . 

Pears.  Seckel,  bbl . . 

Clairgean,  bbl . . 

Bartlett,  bbl . 

Anjou,  bbi . 

Bose,  bbl . 

Sheldon . . 

Kieffer,  bbl . 

Peaches.  Yellow,  bkt . 

Yellow,  carrier . 

White  and  Red,  bkt . 

Western,  bu . . 

Muskmelons.  Colorado,  crate . . 

Jersey,  bbl . 

Watermelons,  carload . . 

Cranberries  Cape  Cod,  bbl . 

Plums,  8-lb.  bkt . 

Grapes,  Concord.  18-lb.  case . 

Black,  i-lb.  bkt . 

Delaware . 

Niagara . 

Bulk,  ton . 

Citron,  bbl . 


.  .iOb>@ 

11% 

.08 

@ 

.10 

@ 

.08 

© 

•02 

® 

.19 

@ 

.30 

.  2.00 

@ 

2.75 

© 

3.50 

.  2.50 

@ 

3.50 

.  1.75 

2.25 

.  1.50 

© 

2.25 

.  2.00 

@ 

3.00 

.  2.00 

@ 

2  75 

@ 

3.00 

@ 

2.00 

.  1.25 

® 

2.00 

© 

2.50 

.  1.50 

® 

2.25 

.  1.50 

@ 

2.60 

.  1.00 

@ 

1.25 

.  2.00 

@ 

7.00 

© 

4.00 

.  1.75 

© 

3.00 

,  2.25 

© 

5.00 

.  1.75 

@ 

2.75 

© 

3.50 

.  2.00 

@ 

3.00 

@ 

1.75 

.  .60 

(a) 

1.10 

© 

2.60 

.  .50 

@ 

.85 

.  1.75 

© 

2.60 

.  1.00 

@ 

2.00 

.  .50 

® 

1.25 

.30.00 

©loo.oo 

Gb 

6  (HI 

.  .10 

@ 

.30 

.  .40 

.75 

,  .07 

® 

.08 

.  .08 

@ 

.09 

© 

.07 

30.00 

@55  00 

,  .75 

© 

1.00 

VEGETA BEES 


Potatoes,  Jersey,  bbl .  1.85  ®  2.00 

Maine,  bag .  2.U0  ©  2.10 

Dong  Island,  bbl .  2.00  @  2.25 

Sweet  Potatoes,  bbl . 2.00  @  3.00 

Beets,  bbl . 75  ©1.25 

Brussels  Sprouts,  qt . 08  @  .11 

Carrots,  bbl . 75  rffi  1.25 

Cabbage,  Long  Island,  bbl . 50  @  .75 

Cauliflowers,  L.  £.,  bbl .  1.75  ©  2.75 

Sweet  Corn,  choice,  100 .  1.25  1 ®  1.50 

Common  to  Good . 50  @  1.00 

Cucumbers,  bbl . 50  ®  1.50 

Pickles,  bbl . 75  @1.26 

Celery,  Jersey,  bunch . 10  @  .30 

Lettuce,  hi- bbl.  bkt . 10  @  .50 

Peppers,  Jersey,  bbl . 50  ®  1.25 

Okra.  Jersey,  !^-bu . 25  @  .30 

Onions,  State  and  Western,  100  lbs...  1.60  ©  1.65 

Orange  Co.,  bag .  1.50  @  2.00 

White,  bu .  1.00  @  1.50 

Conn.  Yellow,  100-lb.  bag .  1.50  @  1.60 

String  Beans,  bu . 35  ®  1.00 

Lima  Beans,  potato,  bu .  1.00  ®  2.00 

Flat  kinds . 75  @  1.25 

Spinach,  bbl . 75  ©  1.25 

Squasn,  Marrow,  bbl . .50  ©  .75 

Crook  Neck,  bbl . 75  ©  1.00 

Turnips.  Rutabaga,  bbl .  .65  ®  1.00 

White,  bbl .  1.00  ©  1.25 

Egg  Plants,  Jersey,  bbl . 60  ©  .75 

Tomatoes,  Jersey,  box . 25  ®  .60 

NUTS 

Chestnuts,  bu .  3.00  ©  4.50 

Shellbarks,  per  50  lbs .  1.25  @  1.50 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Chickens,  Broilers,  lb . 13  ®  .14% 

Fowls . 13  ©  .14% 

Roosters . 09  @  .10 

Ducks . 12  @  .14 

Geese . 10  ©  .12 

Turkeys . 13  ®  .15 

Guineas,  pair . 60  @  .75 

DRESSED  POULTRY 

Turkeys.  Spring,  best . 24  ©  .25 

Old  Common  to  Good . 12  @  .18 

Chickens,  choice  broilers.  Ib .  21  @  23 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 18  ©  .20 

Fowls .  14  ®  .17 

Spring  Ducks,  lb . 16  @  .17 

Squabs,  doz .  1.00  @  3.50 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 

Calves,  prime,  lb . 13  @  .14 

Common  to  good . 10  @  .12 

Buttermilks . 08  @  .09 

HAY  AND  8TUAW 

Hay.  new  No.  1,  ton . 23.00  @  24.00 

No.  2 . 21.50  @  22.60 

No.  3 . 20.00  ©  21.00 

Clover  Mixed . 16.00  ©  22  00 

Clover . 15.00  @  18.00 

Straw,  Rye . 15.00  ©  17.00 

Oat  and  Wheat .  8.00  ©  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 5.00  @  7.05 

Bulls . 3.00  ®  4.25 

Cows . 1.75  @  4.35 

Calves,  Prime  Yeal,  100  lbs .  7.00  @10.50 

Culls  . 5.00  ©  6.00 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 2.50  @  3.75 

Lambs .  5.00  ©  6.60 

Hogs .  6.50  @  7.26 

GRAIN 


Wheat,  No.  1.  Northern  Spring .  1.16  ©  .. 

No.  2,  Red .  1.00  ©  .. 


No.  2  Hard  Winter .  1.06  @ 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 70  ©  .75 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 50  ®  .52 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 95  ®  .96 

Barley,  choice  .  1.16  ©  1.20 


MILL  FEED— CAr  LOTS 


Spring  Bran, ton .  24.40  @  26.00 

Standard  Middlings .  28.00  ©  32.00 

Red  Dog .  31.00  @  32.00 

Hominy  Chop .  25.00  ®  26.70 

Linseed  Meal .  37.00  @  37.50 

Corn  Meal .  28.00  ©  28.50 


COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  10.45 

Middling  Gulf .  10.70 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  m.05 

Good  Middling .  10.90 

WOOL 

NewYork Fleeces,  Fine,  unwashed . 19  ©  .20 

Ohio  half  blood  combing . 26  ©  26% 

Kentucky,  three- eighths  blood . 24  ©  25 

Michigan,  half  blood . 24%®  .25 

TOBACCO. 

Conn.  broadieaf-ilUer . 08  ©  .10 

Fine  wrappers . 60  ®  75 

N.  Y.  State  Fillers . 05  @  .06 

Fine  and  Selections . 12  ©  .16 

Ohio  Zimmer  s  Spanish . 19  @  .20 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 07>^@  .09 

Dark  Leaf . io  ©  .20 

Bright  Cutters . 12  ©  .30 

Penn,  broad  leaf  fillers . 10  @  .12 

CHICAGO 

Butter,  creamery . .  .22  ®  .26 % 

Eggs,  good  to  prime  firsts . 15  @  .19 

Live  Turkeys . 10  @  .14 

F»wls . 12  @  .12% 

Chickens . 12  @  .12% 

Potatoes,  bbl . ’ . 1.80  ®  2.00 

Apples,  bbl . 1,50  @  2.50 

Sheep,  100  lbs  . 2,50  ®  4.16 

Lambs,  100  lbs . 4.25  @  6  00 

Hogs . e.05  @6.70 

BUFFALO 

Butter,  creamery .  27  @  .28 

Eggs,  State .  120  @  .24 

Live  Chickens . 13  @  .14 

Fowls . 13  @  .15 

Potatoes,  bbl . 2.00  @2  26 

Calves,  live,  IDO  lbs . 5.50  @10  25 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 1.50  @  4.00 

Lambs,  100  lbs . 4 .00  @  6.50 

Hogs . 7  00  @  7.05 

Wheat,  No.  1  Spring . •©  1,13 

Corn . @  .72 

Oats . 45  @  .50 


Washington  County,  Maine,  produced 
51,000,000  worth  of  huckleberries  this  year. 

Corn  under  irrigation  in  Southern  Texas 
is  averaging  60  bushels  per  acre  this  year. 

Illinois  mined  50,165,099  tons  of  coal 
during  the  past  year,  2,000,000  tons  more 
than  the  previous  year. 

Japanese  cotton  buyers  are  working 
actively  in  Texas  this  year.  The  sales  to 
Japan  are  expected  to  be  about  100,000 
bales. 


In  northwestern  Pennsylvania  the  chest¬ 
nut  crop  is  heavy.  On  September  23,  100 
bushels  were  brought  into  the  Warren  mar¬ 
ket,  part  of  them  selling  at  $5  per  bushel. 

Oregon’s  live  stock  industry  brings  the 
producer  $91,689,400  annually.  The  State 
has  175,000  dairy  cows,  2,401,000  sheep, 
324.000  hogs,  295,000  horses  and  220,000 
goats. 


1  received  $1.50  a  barrel  for  Nodhead 
( Jewett  Red).  That  is  all  I  have  sold  thus 
far.  There  have  been  no  buyers  in  town 
looking  for  Winter  fruit  as  yet.  Those  of 
the  farmers  here  who  can  say  that  they 
will  hold  their  fruit  if  they  are  not  offered 
a  fair  price,  that  is,  somewhere  near  $2 
per  barrel.  e  h  s 

Hollis,  N.  II.  '  ' 


HAY  CROP. 

The  crop  of  both  hay  and  straw  with  us 
we  believe  to  he  less  than  50  per  cent  of 

last  year,  and  we  look  for  high  prices 

throughout  the  season.  de\n&co 

Bath,  N.  Y. 

Ilay  is  scarce  throughout  the  East  and 
Middle  States.  Locally  we  are  in  the 

“corn  belt”  and  a  great  deal  less  hay  is 

raised  here  than  consumed.  Practically  no 
Alfalfa  is  grown  in  this  section. 

Dwight,  Ill.  j.  A.  SPENCER. 

Present  indications  point  to  a  small  hay 
crop  this  year.  The  corn  crop  is  a  large 
one.  Of  course,  the  extreme  drought  has 
caused  the  failure  of  hay  crops. 

WHITMAN  AGRICULTURAL  CO. 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 


The  hay  crop  is  extremely  short.  We 
base  our  conclusions  not  only  from  statis¬ 
tical  reports,  but  from  the  lack  of  interest 
in  the  hay  baler  end  of  our  business  this 
year.  The  State  of  Michigan  seems  to  be 
the  most  favorable  outlet  for  hay  presses 
that  we  have  been  able  to  discover  this 
season  and  we  believe  that  in  some  localities 
they  have  had  at  least  a  fair  average  crop. 

Bellevue,  O.  e.  a.  king. 

c  doubt  whether  the  price  for  hay  stays 
up.  It  has  broken  with  us  in  the  last  week 
finite  materially,  due  to  the  fact  that  in 
our  section  there  is  a  large  corn  crop.  The 
farmers  have  been  able  to  save  all  their 
fodder  and  are  now  ready  to  sell  practi¬ 
cally  all  of  their  hay.  A  large  per  cent 
has  been  baled  and  marketed,  but  with  the 
•saving  of  the  fodder  there  will  be  much 
more  hay  for  the  market.  There  is  no 
Alfalfa  sold  from  this  section,  the  farmers 
are  just  getting  started  with  it. 

Marion,  O.  ohio  tractor  jiFg.  co. 

New  hay  started  here  this  year  at  $5  to 
$6  higher  than  last  year.  The  hay  crop  is 
probably  25  per  cent,  to  30  per  cent,  short. 
The  Ohio  Valley  has  the  shortest  crop  of 
any  section.  Wo  were  informed  earlier  in 
the  season  that  we  would  have  no  clover, 
but  find  -  that  the  extreme  prices  have 
brought  forward  much  more  clover  than 
anticipated.  We  think  there  will  be  an 
increase  in  the  call  for  Alfalfa.  The  crop 
has  been  good,  and  they  still  have  in  this 
section  a  crop  to  harvest  if  they  can  get 
sufficient  dry  weather  to  cure  it. 

Cincinnati,  O.  whitcomb  a  root. 

The  quality  of  the  1911  hay  crop  we 
think  as  a  rule  is  better  than  last  year’s. 
There  is  very  much  less  clover  and  clover 
mixed  hay.  The  shortage  of  this  year’s 
crop  is  very  marked,  say  in  Pennsylvania, 
New  Jersey.  Delaware  and  Marvland,  which 
covers  most  of  the  Eastern  States  from 
which  we  get  hay.  It  is  also  short  in  Ohio 
and  Indiana,  although  it  is  a  little  more 
favorable  in  the  last  named  State  perhaps. 
Michigan  and  New  York  States  we  should 
say  have  a  three-quarter  crop,  while  parts 
of  Canada  have  a  large  crop.  In  regard 
to  the  shortage  of  other  grasses  '  making  a 
better  demand  for  Alfalfa,  it  may  have 
some  effect,  but  Alfalfa  is  not  generally 
used  in  this  market.  e.  l.  Rogers  &  co. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Rye  straw  in  my  opinion  will  be  higher. 
The  dry  weather  hurt  rye  and  hay  more 
than  any  other  two  products.  We  are  sell¬ 
ing  to-day  at  $17,  but  by  the  time  snow 
flies  I  would  not  be  surprised  to  see  it  sell 
at  $20.  Regarding  hay.  we  here  in  Boston 
are  not  counting  much  on  New  York  State. 
They  are  wild  on  prices  there,  paying  the 
farmers  as  high  as  $18.  which  means  al¬ 
most  $24  here :  no  profits  to  anyone.  We 
shall  look  to  Maine,  Vermont  and  Canada. 

I  am  convinced  there  is  more  hay,  taking 


the  country  all  through,  than  most  people 
believe.  When  the  potatoes  are  all  har¬ 
vested,  and  the  farm  work  cleaned  up,  we 
shall  see  no  famine  of  hay.  Last  April  we 
were  told  that  old  hay  was  all  cleaned  out, 
yet  4000  cars  of  hay  came  to  Boston  in 
June  and  July.  I  take  but  little  stock  in 
what  country  correspondents  tell  about 
crops.  I  believe  we  are  to  see  good  prices 
all  through  the  season,  but  I  do  not  take 
any  stock  in  $30  hay.  I  made  a  tour  of 
New  York  State  three  weeks  ago  and  be¬ 
lieve  there  is  a  75  per  cent.  crop.  Maine 
is  about  the  same,  and  Canada  immense. 
There  are  thousands  of  cars  of  hay  in  Can¬ 
ada  bought  by  parties  this  side  the  line, 
and  it  will  begin  to  come  now  that  the 
reciprocity  matter  is  settled. 

Boston,  Mass.  cyrus  ii.  bates. 

We  look  for  continuously  rising  prices  for 
hay  and  straw  until  the  next  growing  crop. 
Through.  New  York  State,  Ohio,  Michigan 
and  Indiana  we  look  for  limited  shipments 
to  Eastern  markets,  as  the  South  and  West 
will  be  sharp  bidders  for  the  surplus  in 
these  States.  Most  all  of  the  hay  that  is 
available  is  for  New  York  City  and  New 
England.  During  the  last  season  our  mar¬ 
kets  have  been  blocked  with  low  grade 
Quebec  hay  nearly  all  the  time.  This  will 
be  all  changed  this  year  on  account  of  the 
very  high  average  grades  and  the  fact  that 
European  markets  are  fast  cleaning  up  all 
of  the  low  grade  hay  available  in  Quebec 
at  extreme  prices.  Clover  or  heavy  clover 
mixed  for  cattle  is  very  scarce.  While 
there  is  considerable  Alfalfa  coming  to  this 
market  from  sections  of  New  York  State, 
it  will  fall  far  short  of  supplying  the  de¬ 
mand.  There  is  a  limited  amount  of  New 
Mexican  Alfalfa  coming  to  our  markets  via 
steamer,  which  is  being  sold  at  most  rea¬ 
sonable  prices,  considering  the  conditions, 
namely,  $23  to  .$25  per  ton  for  extra  fine 
quality.  The  straw  crop  is  very  light  and 
it  is  already  becoming  difficult  to  obtain 
oat  or  wheat  straw  at  prices  from  $1  to  $2 
higher  than  last  year.  Long  bundle  rye 
straw,  which  is  mostly  used  by  horse  own¬ 
ers  in  our  Eastern  States  for  bedding,  is 
also  a  limited  crop,  with  prices  from  $3  to 
$5  per  ton  higher  than  last  season. 

New  York.  _ the  American  hat  CO. 

POTATO  CROP. 

Maine  expects  to  market  25,000,000  bush¬ 
els  of  potatoes  this  year. 

Our  consuls  at  Hull  and  Birmingham 
state  that  the  crop  is  considerably  below 
normal.  In  England  the  actual  decrease  in 
area  is  35.777  acres.  In  early  September 
the  price  at  Smithfiekl  market,  London,  was 
two  cents  per  pound. 

Potato  receipts  in  New  York  are  heavy, 
and  the  market  very  weak,  large  quantities 
having  sold  at  a  trifle  above  one  cent  per 
pound.  A  shipment  of  500  bags  from  Liv¬ 
erpool  was  forwarded  to  Havana,  as  they 
could  not.  be  sold  profitably  in  New  York 
at  present. 

Country  looks  very  fine,  green,  good  feed 
this  side  of  valley.  Hay  crop,  one-half  to 
two-thirds':  oats  fine.  Oats  and  peas  heavy. 
Potatoes  pretty  near  a  failure.  Cows  high, 
$60  to  $100,  all  Holsteins ;  many  purebred 
of  the  best  families.  Everybody  raises 
milk  and  cabbage ;  good  apple  crop ;  cab¬ 
bage  only  fair  and  not  as  many  acres  as  in 
1910.  F.  w.  B. 

1  Chenango  Co..  N.  Y. 

The  outlook  here  for  potatoes  is  very 
good.  We  have  about  80  per  cent  of  a  full 
crop  in  Minnesota.  Wisconsin,  North  Da¬ 
kota,  Michigan,  parts  of  South  Dakota  and 
Nebraska,  but  we  have  to  consider  the  de¬ 
mand  for  them.  We  have  a  big  demand 
for  all  over  the  country  and  we  expect  to 
see  prices  firm  right  through  the  season. 
The  present  market  rules  from  50  to  60 
cents  per  bushel  sacked,  loading,  station. 

St.  Paul  Minn.  s.  goldish. 

According  to  the  information  we  have 
received,  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  Minnesota. 
Montana.  Idaho,  Washington  and  Utah  all 
have  good  potato  crops.  Reports  from  Col¬ 
orado  are  rather  conflicting.  There  seems 
to  be  more  on  the  western  slope  of  the 
Rockies,  although  the  shippers  in  the 
Greeley  sections  claim  they  have  less  than 
last  year. 

PEYCKH  BROS.  COMMISSION  COMPANY. 

Kansas  City,  Mo. 

The  potato  yield  is  Irregular.  Some 
States  show  less  and  some  more  than  last 
year,  from  Michigan  to  the  Pacific  Coast. 
The  crop  will  show  an  increased  acreage 
and  a  much  larger  yield  than  last  year. 
Colorado  and  Nebraska  will  have  from  one- 
third  to  one-half  crop,  which  is  cut  short 
by  the  blight ;  Wisconsin,  which  had  an 
enormous  crop  last  year,  will  have  a  much 
larger  crop  this  year.  Idaho.  Oregon  and 
Utah  also  have  a  larger  crop  than  last 
year.  We  look  for  about  the  same  price  to 
rule  as  last  year.  ward  bros. 

Kansas  City,  Mo. 


COMING  FARMERS’  MEETINGS. 

Good  Roads  Convention,  Roanoke,  Va., 
October  4-5. 

National  Nnt  Association,  Mobile,  Ala., 
October  5-7. 

Virginia  State  Fair,  Richmond,  October 
9-14. 

Massachusetts  Poultry  Association,  Am¬ 
herst.  October  11-12. 

New  Engla'nd  Fruit  Show,  Boston,  Mass., 
October  23-28. 

National  Dairy  Show.  Chicago,  Ill.,  Oc¬ 
tober  26-November  4. 

National  Creamery  Butter  Makers’  Asso¬ 
ciation.  Chicago.  November  1-3. 

Indiana  Apple  Show.  Indianapolis,  No¬ 
vember  6-11. 

Maine  Corn  and  Fruit  Show.  Portland. 
November  6-11. 

Massachusetts  Corn  Show,  Springfield. 
Mass.,  November  7-9. 

Boston  Chamber  of  Commerce  Agricul¬ 
tural  Exhibit.  October  2-31. 

American  Road  Congress,  Richmond,  Va.. 
November  20-23. 

National  Orange.  Columbus.  ().,  Novem¬ 
ber  15-24. 

Maine  Seed  Improvement  Association, 
Waterville.  November  21-23. 

National  Apple  Show,  Spokane,  Wash. 
November  27-30. 

N.  Y.  State  Dairymen’s  Ass’n,  Olean, 
December  12-13. 

Conventions.  Pennsylvania  lave  Stock  and 
Horticultural  Associations.  Duquesne  Gar¬ 
den.  Pittsburgh,  January  15-20. 

Livingston  County,  N.  Y„  Poultry  Show. 
January  16-19.  1912. 

N.  Y.  State  Grange,  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  Feb¬ 
ruary  6-9. 


Ganadian  Fruit  Report. 

Latest  advices  indicate  that  the  crop  of 
apples  for  the  entire  Dominion  will  not 
come  up  to  early  expectations.  Drought 
damage  has  been  worst  in  Ontario.  Quebec 
and  Nova  Scotia  have  suffered  less.  In 
some  cases  the  Nova  Scotia  crop  is  running 
80  per  cent.  No.  1.  In  far  Western  Canada, 
the  Kootenay  and  Okanagan  country,  the 
crop  will  be  of  medium  size,  but  excellent 
quality,  mainly  dessert  varieties. 


THE  OAT  CROP. 

Oats  are  grown  in  practically  every 
State,  though  of  less  importance  commer¬ 
cially  than  either  wheat  or  corn.  The 
area  sown  to  oats  is  normally  a  limit  one- 
third  that  of  corn.  This  season's  drought 
cut  the  crop,  so  that  it  is  at  last  one-fifth 
less  than  the  1910  yield.  The  States  most 
affected  were  Kentucky,  Kansas,  Nebraska, 
Oklahoma,  Texas  and  Missouri.  In  some 
of  the  cooler  States  rains  came  in  time  to 
help  the  crop  when  filling.  The  area  in 
oats  this  year  was  about  35,200,000  acres, 
and  the  yield  841,280,000  bushels. 


COLD  STORAGE  LEGISLATION. 

I  believe  butter  has  been  stored  at  too 
high  prices.  My  idea  is  that  with  the 
change  in  weather  conditions  in  producing 
sections  we  shall  have  a  large  percentage  of 
fine  butter  among  the  current  receipts.  Eggs 
also  were  put  away  too  high.  The  coun¬ 
try  is  full  of  pullets  and  laying  hens,  and 
the  outlook  is  for  large  fresh  receipts.  The 
cold  storage  laws  of  New  York  and  New 
Jersey  have  not  affected  us  in  Massachu¬ 
setts.  GEO.  A.  COCHRANE. 

Boston. 


Butter  shows  a  decided  shortage  com¬ 
pared  with  last  season.  Cold  storage  is  a 
matter  of  business,  not  speculation.  When 
receipts  are  large  storage  must  be  used  to 
regulate  prices,  otherwise  eggs  might  run 
from  five  cents  per  dozen  during  times  of 
plenty  to  $1  when  scarce.  Some  people 
think  a  storage  egg  Is  not  fit  to  eat,  but 
good  eggs  stored  in  April  and  May,  the 
time  when  the  largest  amount  are  put 
away,  taken  out  from  October  to  January, 
are  better  than  the  eggs  produced  at  that 
time.  abrohams  fur  &  wool  co. 

Seymour.  Wis. 


When  You  Buy  An  Engine 

Get  one  that  will  last  you  a  lifetime— 
get  a  DEYO — the  strongest  gasoline 
engine  built.  The  DEYO  has  fewer 
working  parts  than  any  other  engine. 
Built  without  packing,  so  you  can 
never  have  blowouts  or  leaks.  Write 
for  Bulletin  13-B. 

DEYO-MACEY  ENGINE  CO. 

BINGHAMTON,  NEW  YORK 
Manufacturer*  ol  DEYO  POWER  SPRAYERS 


MIDDLEDUCH  Kcrosene 


ENGINES 


Operate  perfectly  on  common 
coal  oil,  gasoline,  distillate, 
alcohol  or  any  similar  liquid 
fuel.  Our  catalog  explains 
why  this  is  safest,  simplest, 
most  economical  and  prac¬ 
tical  power. 

Genuine  Free  Trial 

If  It  doesn’t  satisfy  you  in  *  .1 
every  way  the  trial  costs  {  I 
nothing.  Don’t  invest  inany  V  II 
engine  until  you  get  our  \ 
proposition.  W rite  for  it  now. ' 

THE  MIDOlEDItCH  ENGINE  CO. 

29  Maldrum  Ava.,  Detroit,  Mich. 


| 


GOLDEN  BEAUTY  HERD  of  DUROC- 

|  TDC  CYC  Quality  and  breeding  that  satisfies 

VkllwC  IO  Willard  Wul ruth,  tort  Plain,  N.T. 


EARLY  CHESTNUTS  &  SHELLBARKS 

wanted.  Win.  II.  Cohen  A  Co.,  CoiiintlMMloit  Mer- 
ehuiitM,  -  -  -  229  W 'aahfngton  8fc.,  ]Vew  Y'ork. 


CHESTNUTS  AND  HICKORY  NUTS 

Please  send  to  E.  B.  Woodward,  3C2  Greenwich  St.,  N.  Y. 


JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  COMPANY, 

Commission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York. 
Poultry,  Eggs,  Meats,  Produce.  Shipments  Solicited. 

JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  HEW  YORK 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 

Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants. 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.,  -  Boston. 

DU EASE  semi  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com- 
*  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter. 
Eggs.  Poultry,  Pork,  Calves.  Hay.  Grain.  Beans. 
Appies,  etc.  K.  It  WOODWARD,  StM  (ir.annipli  St.,  S.I. 


Highest  prices  guaranteed  for  White  or  Brown 
Leghorns  or  mixed  eggs.  Also  high  grade  butter. 
Write  us  for  information.  A  trial  will  convince  you 

of  our  ability  to  obtain  extreme  prices.  Address 

JOHNSTONE  &  COUGHLAN, 

172  Duane  Street  s  :  New  York 


lOOO 


THE  RUR-A.1^  NEW-YORKER 


October  7,  1911. 


These  breat  Price-Wreckfns  c  n  FF 

Merchandise  BooKslKLL 


They  Show  The  Most  Wonderful  Merchandise  Bargains  Ever  Offered 


Our  Guarantee 

Every  article  bought  of  us 
is  guaranteed  a  decided  bar* 
gain ,  If  any  article  does  not 
please  you  or  fails  to  come  up 
to  your  expectations,  then 
you  may  return  same  at  our 
freight  expense  both  ways, 
and  we  will  refund  your  mon* 
ey  in  full.  Satisfaction  guar* 
anteed  In  every  instance , 


Check  of f  the  booKe  you  are  moat  Interested  tn  and  MAIL  COUPON  TODAY 

Wo  Guarantee  a  Saving  of  30%  to  50%  on  Every  Purchase 

Never  before  in  tbe  history  of  merchandising  have  such  phenomenal  price  wrecking  bargains  as  these  been  offered. 
We  are  known  far  and  wide  as  “The  World’s  Bargain  Center.’*  During  the  past  six  months  we  have  inaugurated  a  buy¬ 
ing  campaign  that  has  placed  us  in  possession  of  one  of  tho  largest  stocks  of  brand  new  dependable  merchandise  ever 
gathered  together  by  any  one  institution.  We  have  searched  the  markets  of  the  world  for  the  best  bargains  obtainable 
and  you  can  rely  absolutely  upon  every  item  published  in  any  of  those  ten  Big  Price  Wrecking  Merchandise  Books  as 
being  a  genuine  money  saving  bargain.  * 

Our  Stock  Includes  Everything  Under  The  Sun 

Anything  and  everything  you  want  from  a  needle  to  a  harvesting  machine.  No  difference  what  your  requirements 
may  be — wo  can  supply  you  at  bargain  prices.  Tho  few  bargains  here  listed  have  been  selected  with  unusual  care  from 
our  immense  stock  and  merely  give  you  a  hint  of  the  tremendous  money  saving  advantages  you  will  enjoy  by  sending 
us  your  orders.  Make  up  a  selection  from  this  page  and  send  us  the  order  today.  We  guarantee  you  complete  satis¬ 
faction  or  your  money  back.  And  don’t  fail  to  send  coupon  below  for  the  Big  Merchandising  Books  most  interested  in. 

CHICAGO  HOUSE  WRECKING  COMPANY 


Our  Reliability 

Our  capital  stock  and  sure 
plus  in  excess  of  $1,500,000 
is  proof  of  our  responsibility, 
Jiny  publisher  of  any  paper 
in  America  will  tell  you  that 
we  “MJHQ.E  GOOD ’’  on  every 
statement.  Write  the  great * 
est  bank  of  the  west  —  The 
Commercial  Continental  Na* 
tional  Bank  of  Chicago, 


Steam  and  Hot  Water  Heating 

[  We  furnish  complete  Hot  Air, 
Hot  Water  and  Steam  Heating 
T-lants  of  every  kind.  It  makes 
no  difference  whether  it  is  an 
old  or  a  now  build- 
I  lug,  we  can  furnish 
matoi.ai  at  real 
‘Wrecking  Prices.' 

Our  Special  Heatin'!  Booklet, 
which  wo  send  free  to  those 
interested,  tells  ail  the 
facts  and  gives  much  val¬ 
uable  information.  Send  us 
sketch  or  diagram  of  your 
building  or  home  and  we 
will  make  you  an  estimate. 


Plumbing  Material 

Everything  needed  in  Plumbing  Ma¬ 
terial.  Our  prices  mean  a  saving  to  you 
of  3.-*  to  50*.  Here 
is  an  illustration 
of  a  bathroom  out- 

M:  S3  7.50 

Your  plumber 
would  ask  you 
about  $60  for  this 
same  outfit.  Our 
catalog  describes 

all  our  outfits  in  _ 

detail.  Show’s  how  to  install  them  wit! 
out  the  aid  of  a  plumber  at  a  saving  of 
at  least  50;$.  Send  for  this  book  today. 


Handsome  Colonial  Dresser,  $5.60 

1  A.  D.  4101.  One  of  our  best  price 
wrecking  bargains.  Made  of  seasoned 
hardwoQd,-.  elegant  goldon  quarter- 
sawed  oak  finish.  38x19  inch  top;  18 
iU£h  square  French  beveled  mirror; 
artistic  s  croll  mirror  standards :  mirror 
frame  attached  so  glass  will  stay  at 
any  angle  desired;  top  ornamented 
with  neat  wood  carving.  Four  draw¬ 
ers  of  splendid  fit  and  workman¬ 
ship,  with  good  locks.  Largo  draw¬ 
ers  have  reinforced  bottoms,  all 
drawers  have  steel  stops.  Single 
panel  ends.  Finish  and  cabinet  work 
equal  to  that  regularly  found  in  $15 
"  '  t  100  lbs.  "•  • 


dressers;  weight 


Shipped  from  Indiana. 


Per 

Get 


Premier  House  Paint,  $1.08 

Ready  Mixed — Guaranteed 

Mr.  Y.  Michaolsen,  the  best  known 
paint  man  in  the  U.  S.,  is  at  the  head  of 
our  Paint  Department,  which  is  the 
strongest  guarantee  that  all  materials 
and  workmanship  in  Premier  Paints  are 
the  host  obtainable.  Every  shipment  is 
fresh  from  our  paint  factory,  properly 

? round  and  mixed  in  exact  proportions, 
hus  insuring  strongest  colors,  durabil¬ 
ity  and  ease  of  application, 
rpre  With  every  order  amounting  to 
l  nut.  $7  or  more,  we  will  give  two  good 
quality  camel  hair  paint  brushes,  suit¬ 
able  size  for  house  painting.  Send  for 
big  free  Paint  Book  and  Color  Card. 


‘ill 

■Is 


ii' 

fe  MlCHAELSeKl! 

PAINT 


100  As’t’d  Carriage  Bolts,  45c 


Every  farmer,  mechanic  and  black¬ 
smith  should  have  this  handy  bolt  as¬ 
sortment  which  consists  of  17  lengths 
and  sizes  from  ^  to  5  inches  long  by  14, 
5-16  and  ^B-inch  diameter.  Bolts  are  all 
of  first  quality  with  well  cut  threads; 
useful  at  all  times  — indispensablo  in 
cases  of  emergency.  You  would  ordin¬ 
arily  pay  about  $1  for  a  lot  of  bolts  like 
this.  Our  price  wrecked  to  only  46c. 


Seamed  Tapestry  Brussels  Rug 

20  M.  T.  7206.  Extra  high  $0  CC 
quality  with  pure  worsted  face.  4*0-  U  J 
Closely  woven  in  a  very 
handsome  Oriental  pat¬ 
tern  that’s  sure  to  please 
you.  Strictly  fast  colors. 

Three  contrasting  me¬ 
dallions  in  tnn,  brown, 
green  and  ivory.  Three- 
tone  green  the  predom- 
inating  color.  A  re- 
markablobargain  at  this 
special  price;  you  save 
over  I3.  S^xionj  feet,  onlv  S8.66;  9x12 
ft.,  SI 0.00.  11^x12  ft.,  SI 2.65. 


Noble  Junior  Oak  Heater,  $2.65 

Here’s  a  price  wrecking  bargain  vou  can 
not  afford  to  overlook.  Only  $2.66  will 
buy  this  economical,  attractive  and 
durable  Oak  Heater.  Guaranteed  first 
class  in  every  respect.  Made  of  tho  best* 
available  materials  throughout.  All  cast 
parts  made  of  chemically  tested  South¬ 
ern  pig  iron.  No  scrap  iron  used  in  its 
construction.  Burns  hard  or  soft  coal 
or  wood.  Ton  inch  fire  pot;  big  ash  pit;  " 
standard  shake  grate;  triple  plated, 1 
highly  polished  mcklo  trimmings.  Our 
method  of  buying  entire  foundry  lots 
enables  us  to  save  you  5096  on  all  stove 
purchases.  Sendfor  free  stove  catalog. 


Blacksmith’s  Tools  and 

Anuilc  YVo  have  ev- 
HMVIIS  erything  the 
blacksmith  can  find 
use  for  in  his  shop 
—tools  of  every  de¬ 
scription:  Forges, 
Post  Drills,  Bolts, 
Hammers, Dies  and 
complete  tool  out¬ 
fits.  All  bnrgains. 
Brand  New  Anvils,  All  Weights; 
50  pounds,  <1.74;  70  pounds, 
<2.39;  100  pounds,  <3.46. 

Write  for  Special  Blacksmiths 
List.  It’s  a  money  saver  for  you. 


Extra  Quality  Linoleum  ?S: 

11  _  20  A.  D.  384.  An  extra  good 
T  quality,  well  finished  and 
seasoned  print 
Linoleum  that 
usually  sells 
fornearlytwiee 
as  much.  Terra 
cotta,  tan  and  cream  tile  pattern, 
printed  extra  thick.  From  a  most 
reputable  manufacturer  and  guar¬ 
anteed  to  give  splendid  wear. 
One  of  tho  best  sellers  and  a  gen¬ 
uine  bargain  at  this  price.  Six 
feet  wide,  per  running  yard,  only 
82c;  per  square  yard,  41e. 


Building  Material 


Hercules  Indestructible  Hog  Troughs 


A  completo  stock  of  brand 
new  Lumber,  Doors,  Win¬ 
dows,  Millwork,  Builder’s 
Hardware  and  everything 
needed  to  build  or  con  struct. 
Write  for  our  lumber  price 
list.  We  will  save  you  20 96 
to  50#.  Our  Free  Book  of 
Plans  contains  96  pages  of 
modern  homes,  bungalows 
and  barns.  It  is  sent  free 
on  application.  It  quotes 
prices  outright  for  the  com¬ 
plete  buildings. 


$1.95 

'Strongest  and  best  Hog 
„  ,  ...  ,  .  Trough  ever  offered. 

Made  of  %  inch  boiler  steel.  Can’t  be  broken, 
yet  price  is  lower  than  for  commonest  kind. 
Saves  feed,  easily  cleaned,  sanitary,  suitable 
for  all  stock  and  poultry.  Length  5  ft.,  width 
12  ins.,  depth  6  ins.,  weight  about  40  lbs.  Wrock- 
ingprice S 1 .96.  OverlaO other 6tylos  andsizes. 

Washington  Fir  Tanks 

Finest,  strongest  Storage  Tank  made.  Clear, 
free  from  defects,  will  not  rot.  All  sizes. 
Sample  of  wood,  full  description  and  prices, 
sent  free.  Special  tank  and  trough  circular. 


Ladies*  All-Wool  Panama  Skirt 

nnlv  SP-fiR  TMsAIIWooI  Panama Skiri 
Ulliy  $4  DU  is  offered  to  you  at  half  its 
real  value.  We  captured  an  entire  stock  at 
a  ridiculously  low  price;  you  got  tho  benefit. 
Made  in  tho  latest  kilted  flounce  stvle  and 
is  cut  to  givo  tbe  new  straight  lino"  effect. 
Side  gores  are  trimmed  with  silk  braided 
loops  and  buttons.  Cut  to  give  perfect  hang 
by  alternating  plaits.  Fall  sweep  around 
bottom,  ample  room  in  walking.  Best  work¬ 
manship,  fit  guaranteed.  Colors,  black  or 
navy  blue.  Sizes,  22  to  30  waist,  37  to 44  length. 


$20.75— And  We  Pay  the  Freight 

This  high-grade  Harris  A  Sewing  Machine,  guar¬ 
anteed  for  20  yoars,  foronly  i — ~ 

<20.76  and  wo  pay  froighc 
to  all  points  East  of  Den¬ 
ver,  Col.  Besides  you  are 
allowed  60  days  in  which  to  try 
it  m  your  own  home.  Notice 
the  beauty  of  design;  goldon 
quarter-sawed  oak,  band  pol¬ 
ished  ball  bearings,  drop  front, 
automatic  lift.  A  full  set  of  ut- 
tachmentswith each  machine.  The 
finest  material,  best  workmanship. 

Groatest  bargain  offered.  Send  for 
our  Sewing  Machine  Catalog— free. 


Cement  Coated  Wire  Nails 


& 


Per  Keg.  Nails  that  are  built  for  keeps 
— outlast  all  others  and  hold  hotter. 

- Cheaper  thanordinary  wire 

nails.  By  a  patented  pro¬ 
cess  they  are  coated  with  cement  prep¬ 
aration  that  lasts  forever.  Drive  easily 
but  are  hard  to  pull  out.  Once  use  them 
and  you  will  have  no  others,  as  for  every 
purpose  they  are  far  superior  to  the 
common  kind.  Full  kegs— not  lb.  weight. 
Size  No.  to  Keg:  Price  Size  No.  to  Keg  Price 


60d 

50d 

40d 

30d 

20d 


1,100 

1,300 

1,800 

2,400 

3,100 


$1.92 


10d 

8d 

6d 

4d 

3d 


6,600 

10,000 

17,900 

29,800 

54,300 


<2.02 

2.17 

2.27 

2.37 

2.62 


[Buggy  or  Harness 


1 

MgMKH 


This  Fine  Leather  Quar¬ 
ter  Top  Buggy,  black 
,  with  Brewster  green 
)  gear,  7s  tires,  narrow 

■tzsm. . $34.95 

Fine  Single  Strap  Harness 

tin  09  At  this  price  wo  fur- 
e  I U18O  nish  new  set  single 
harness,  made  of  1 
best  leather,  also 
strongly  sewed; 
guaranteed  to  bo 
satisfactory. 

Send  for  our  Free  Harness  Booklet. 


Pumps,  Windmills  and  Air  Pres¬ 

sure  Systems 

clien  storage  pump  to  the  lar- 
gost  size  wind  mill.  Our 
stock  is  clean,  new  and  up-to- 
date.  We  issue  a  special 
plumbing  catalog,  including 
a  complete  line.  Let  us 
know  your  meeds.  We  can  es¬ 
timate  exaotly  on  your  re¬ 
quirements.  Every  pump  guar¬ 
anteed  the  very  best  material, 
every  casing  perfect  and  fin¬ 
ished  in  best  possible  manner. 
Rejuvenated  Air  Pressure  Water  Works 
Systems,  ranging  in  price  from  <48  up. 


Men’s  U.  S.  Army  Shoes,  $1.45 

Made  from  good  grade  Satin  Calf 

leather,  btucher  style  as  here  - - 

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CHICAGO  HOUSE  WRECKING  CO 

THIRTY-FIFTH  AND  IRON  STS., 


CHICAGO 


CHICAGO  HOUSE  WRECKING  CO„  „ 

3S  &  Iron  Sts.,  Chicago,  III.  ®  , 

I  saw  your  ad  it  Tho  Rural  New-Yorker 
.}■  most  interested  in  the  Merchandise  Books  opposite 
which  I  have  placed  this  check  mark  X.  Please  mail  them  to 
me  Free  of  cost. 


Furniture  and  Rug 
Clothing  Catalog 
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Plumbing  Book 
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Paint  Book 
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NAME. 


ADDRESS...... 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4120. 


NEW  YORK,  OCTOBER  14,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR. 


FURTHER  “  GRADUATE  REFLECTIONS.” 
From  a  Man  on  the  Farm. 

I  was  very  much  interested  in  “College  Graduate’s” 
article  on  page  895,  personally  interested,  because  lie 
describes  conditions  that  fit  my  own  case  so  closely. 
When  I  was  graduated  from  Cornell  I  not  only  had 
no  capital,  but  was  in  debt  for  my  education.  So  I 
took  up  a  fair  position  in  the  U.  S.  Department  of 
Agriculture,  and  began  to  drift  along,  longing  for  the 
beautiful  country  home,  and  the  other  things  he  de¬ 
scribes,  but  somehow  the  opportunity  for  acquiring 
them  did  not  seem  to  turn  up.  Nevertheless,  I  kept 
on  reading  the  back-to-the-land  articles  that  are  so 
common  nowadays,  and  at  last  got  up  my  courage 
sufficiently  to  cut  loose  from  my  “position”  and  rent 
a  farm,  which  I  have  since  bought.  There  is  nothing 
very  interesting  to  tell  about  my  farming  experiences, 
heels  over  head  in  debt, 
getting  ahead  a  little 
here  and  there,  but  hard, 
uphill  fighting  all  the 
way. 

Naturally,  to  one  in 
my  circumstances,  any 
plan  for  raising  funds 
has  a  very  vital  interest, 
but  as  I  think  of  “Col¬ 
lege  Graduate’s”  plan, 
to  set  up  college  gradu- 
a  t  e  s  on  “abandoned” 
farms  and  loan  them 
money  for  a  most  mo¬ 
dern  equipment,  I  can 
see  that  it  would  be 
radically  wrong,  both 
for  the  individual  and 
for  the  State.  He  says 
that  we  were  educated  to 
the  use  of  the  best  in 
machinery,  stock  and 
the  like,  and  that  our 
ideals  were  raised  so 
that  the  conditions  we 
used  to  tolerate  no 
longer  seem  endurable. 

This  is  in  a  measure 
true,  but  I  fear  that 
“College  Graduate”  has 
come  to  look  upon  edu¬ 
cation  as  the  end,  rather 
than  the  means.  Those 
who  founded  our  insti¬ 
tutions  of  learning  never  intended  that  the  student 
should  pass  directly  from  the  commencement  plat¬ 
form  into  the  height  of  success  and  luxury.  Education 
must  train  the  student  to  overcome  the  difficulties 
and  responsibilities  of  life  work,  rather  than  to  jump 
straight  over  them.  If  our  agricultural  colleges  are 
leading  their  students  to  despise  the  actual  conditions 
of  farm  life,  and  to  fear  and  dread  the  hard  work 
and  self-denial  incident  to  successful  farming,  then 
they  are  failing  most  grievously  to  accomplish  the 
work  for  which  they  were  built. 

I  think  we  all  had  our  commencement  dreams  of 
happiness  in  love,  and  success  in  business ;  probably 
none  of  us  has  found  his  dreams  to  come  out  literally 
true,  either  in  love  or  in  business.  “College  Gradu¬ 
ate”  says  that  “she  must  have  the  best,”  yet  it  need 
not  take  all  the  romance  out  of  life  to  work  hand  in 
hand  through  adversity.  He  says  that  he,  likewise, 
must  have  a  modern,  sanitary  barn,  full  of  blue- 
blooded  stock,  yet  it  seems  to  me  that  one  can  begin 


with  less,  and  still  not  give  up  hope  that  he  can 
gradually  work  up  to  his  ideal. 

“College  Graduate”  inquires  whether  the  State’s 
obligation  to  the  student  should  cease  when  the  stu- 
detqt  secures  his  diploma.  Is  not  the  obligation  on 
the  other  side?  One  of  my  neighbors  is  a  young 
man,  struggling,  like  myself,  to  pay  for  his  farm  and 
his  home.  He  has  not  had  the  advantage,  as  I  have, 
of  a  college  education,  but  he  is  just  as  intelligent, 
just  as  industrious,  just  as  honest,  just  as  good  a  citi¬ 
zen.  Having  already  expended  quite  a  sum  for  my 
education,  should  not  the  State  assist  my  neighbor, 
rather  than  me?  As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  State  can¬ 
not  work  out  his  destiny,  nor  mine.  It  can  help  us 
much  in  the  way  of  instruction  and  advice,  and  with¬ 
out  doubt  it  might  in  some  way  give  some  financial 
aid  to  worthy  farmers,  but  it  cannot  build  a  paved 
and  electrically  lighted  road,  to  success  for  the  ex¬ 


clusive  use  of  college  graduates.  We  ourselves  must 
make  the  struggle,  and  win  or  lose,  according  to  our 
merits. 

“College  Graduate”  argues  that  if  the  State  would 
but  set  up  our  agricultural  graduates  on  the  “aban¬ 
doned  farms”  the  very  best  of  agriculturists  would 
be  kept  at  home ;  that  agriculture  would  be  greatly 
advanced  and  elevated  in  these  communities,  and 
that  these  educated  agriculturists  would  soon  be  the 
maximum  economic  producers.  I  fear  that  when  re¬ 
duced  to  actual  practice  his  arguments  would  be 
found  lame.  Agricultural  education  is  a  fine  thing, 
but  there  are  a  lot  of  difficulties  and  perplexities  in 
actual  farm  management  that  never  found  their  way 
into  the  text-books.  Our  best  farmers  are  the  ones 
who  have  worked  their  way  through  failures  as  well 
as  successes,  who  are  not  afraid  to  receive  the  hard 
knocks  of  experience.  Theory  is  good,  but  it  takes  a 
lot  of  common  sense  and  perseverance  to  make  it  fit 
the  crooked  ways  of  actual  practice.  As  to  “elevat¬ 


ing”  the  communities  in  which  these  graduates  locate, 
the  man  who  works  shoulder  to  shoulder  with  his 
fellow  farmer,  and  on  a  level  with  them,  will  be  in  a 
better  position  to  uplift  them  than  the  one  who  is  set 
up  on  a  lofty  pedestal  and  bottle-fed  by  the  State.  I 
doubt,  too,  if  most  of  these  “educated  agriculturists” 
would  very  soon  become  maximum  economic  pro¬ 
ducers.  In  the  first  place  it  takes  a  pretty  thorough 
and  systematic  organization  of  things  to  bring  even 
a  well-kept  farm  to  maximum  production,  let  alone  a 
run-down  “abandoned  farm.”  In  the  second  place, 
there  is  nothing  like  the  spur  of  pressing  necessity  to 
make  a  man  get  the  most  possible  out  of  his  farm. 
I  realize,  all  too  painfully  at  times-,  the  handicap  of 
insufficient  capital,  yet  I  do  not  believe  it  would  be 
wise  for  the  State,  nor  kind  to  me,  even,  to  set  me 
up  with  a  complete  and  modern  outfit  of  machinery, 
purebred  stock,  and  fine  buildings.  I  fear  it  would 

take  me  longer  to  pay 
for  it  than  it  would  to 
work  up  from  the  bot¬ 
tom,  and  would  not  be 
as  satisfactory,  either. 

If  “College  Graduate” 
has  not  'the  courage  and 
energy  to  face  the  hard¬ 
ship  of  “going  it-  alone,” 
neither  would  he  be 
likely  to  have  enough  of 
those  qualities  to  make 
a  financial  success,  even 
with  the  help  he  sug¬ 
gests.  He  deplores  the 
lack  o  f  responsibility 
and  the  small  opportun¬ 
ity  for  individual  effort 
in  working  for  another, 
yet  he  wants  all  the  ob¬ 
stacles  and  difficulties 
removed  when  he  starts 
out  for  himself.  If  for 
the  sake  of  working  out 
his  own  future  he  is  not 
willing  to  forego,  in 
some  measure,  the  ease 
of  short  hours,  the  so¬ 
cial  advantages  and  the 
modern  conveniences, 
then  most  certainly 
would  he  better  stick  to 
his  position. 

CHESTER  L.  MILLS. 

Allegheny  Co.,  N.  Y. 

R.  N.-Y. — That  last  paragraph  touches  on  the  core 
of  the  whole  question  of  education  in  school  or  col¬ 
lege. 

A  COMPARISON  OF  HENS  AND  COWS. 

A  friend  of  mine,  who  is  a  “cow  man,”  and  myself 
have  compared  accounts.  The  results  may  throw 
some  light  on  the  reason  why  you  could  get  no  one 
to  take  up  Mr.  Dougan’s  challenge  for  a  “cow  and 
hen”  contest.  The  following  figures  are  not  high ; 
in  any  case  they  are  the  figures.  The  production 
was  real  in  both  cases.  In  the  case  of  the  cow  it 
is  one-twentieth  part  of  tlie  whole  account  kept  by 
my  friend  in  his  dairy  of  20  purebred  Guernsey 
cows.  In  the  case  of  the  hens,  the  figures  are  taken 
from  a  year’s  account  of  the  four  pens  referred  to. 

The  cows  averaged  7978  pounds  of  milk,  testing 
4.42  per  cent,  and  containing  3S2]/2  pounds  butter  fat. 
The  milk,  butter,  etc.,  sold  from  the  20  cows  aver¬ 
aged  $121.80  per  cow.  The  average  cost  of  feed  per 


1002 

cow  was  $53.75,  giving  an  average  profit  per  cow  of 
$68.05. 

My  hens  consisted  of  four  pens  of  purebred  White 
Wyandotte  pullets,  each  pen  containing  a  cock,  value 
$5,  and  10  pullets  at  $2  each,  total  value  per  pen  $25. 
My  birds  produced  6080  eggs,  which  were  sold  as 
market  or  hatching  eggs;  4270  of  these  eggs  were 
sold  as  market  eggs  at  an  average  price  of  three 
cents  each.  Total  $128.10;  1810  of  these  eggs  were 
sold  for  hatching  at  an  average  price  of  eight  cents 
each.  Total  $144.80.  Total  received  for  eggs  $272.90. 
Total  cost  of  feed  for  the  44  birds  averaged  up  at 
the  rate  of  $1.37  per  bird,  or  $60.28.  This  leaves  the 
hens  credited  with  a  profit  per  year,  from  $100  worth 
of  stock,  of  $212.62,  as  against  $68.05  profit  per  $100 
worth  of  cow.  In  other  words,  the  $100  worth  of 
hens  made  as  much  as  $100  worth  of  cow  and  then 
$144.57  in  addition. 

The  only  thing  the  writer  can  say  is  that  he  keeps 
both  when  he  is  in  position  to  do  so.  As  soon  as  I 
get  my  own  farm  I  shall  keep  first  of  all  hens,  then 
I  shall  keep  a  certain  number  of  A1  cows  to  produce 
butter,  and  the  skim-milk  will  be  used  to  raise  my 
young  chicks  on.  In  this  way  I  firmly  believe  that  I 
can  make  my  cows  pay  me  better  than  by  selling 
the  milk.  Following  is  the  monthly  average  egg  yield 
per  hen.  In  each  case  where  the  average  had  a  frac¬ 
tion,  it  was  carried  over  to  the  following  months 
to  avoid  figures : 


Av.  No. 

Total 

No.  of  Eggs 

No.  of  Eggs 

of  Eggs 

No. 

Sold  for 

Sold  for 

Month. 

Per 

of 

Market,  at 

Hatching, 

lien. 

Eggs. 

at  3c. 

at  8c. 

January  . 

8 

320 

320 

$9.60 

February 

. . .  13 

520 

260 

'  7.80 

260  $20.80 

March 

.  . .  25 

1,000 

880 

360 

10.80 

11.10 

640  51.20 

510  40.80 

April  . .  . 

. . . .  22 

370 

May  . 

.  . .  20 

800 

400 

12.00 

400  32.00 

June  .  . . . 

...  17 

680 

680 

20.40 

July  . 

. . .  11 

440 

440 

13.20 

August  .  . 

0 

360 

360 

10.80 

September 

6 

240 

240 

7.20 

October  . . 

4 

160 

160 

4.80 

November 

7 

280 

280 

8.40 

December 

.  .  .  10 

400 

400 

12.00 

Totals 

.  .  .  .  152 

6,080 

4.270 

$128.10 

1,810  $144.80 

128.10 

Cash  received  . 

.  $272.90 

Feed  cost 

.  60.28 

Total  1 

credit  . . . . 

New  Jersey.  b.  f.  small,  jr. 

R.  N.-Y. — It  is  true  that  no  one  came  forward  in 
the  proposed  $100  contest.  We  shall  soon  state  it 
again  in  a  little  different  form,  and  try  to  organize 
it  for  the  Winter.  According  to  the  figures  given 
above  the  40  hens  gave  returns  above  their  food  of 
$212.62,  or  $5.31  per  hen.  As  the  cow  gave  similar 
earnings,  of  $68.05,  it  seems  that  13  hens  would  about 
equal  one  cow !  _ 

A  TREE  DOPE. 

As  I  am  very  much  interested  in  your  Publisher’s  Desk 
1  decided  to  take  advantage  of  it  before  I  take  hold  of 
anything  new.  A  few  of  my  friends  are  experimenting  with 
something  to  vaccinate  fruit  trees,  and  they  think  it  does 
the  work  that  it  is  intended  for.  It  is  to  kill  the  scale 
and  build  up  the  trees.  I  saw  a  few  trees  that  were 
treated,  about  five  weeks  ago,  and  they  seem  to  be  coming 
out  all  right.  One  was  a  peach  tree ;  the  leaves  were  all 
yellow ;  now  the  outside  of  the  tree  is  nice  and  green,  and 
the  other  tree  was  an  apple  that  had  the  blight.  The  out¬ 
side  of  it  was  full  of  dry  leaves  all  around  the  tree,  on  the 
end  of  the  limbs,  and  that  looks  as  if  it  would  come  all 
right.  The  preparation  is  put  up  by  the  Kleckners  Fer¬ 
tilizing  Scale  Co.  Do  you  know  anything  of  it,  and  what 
do  you  think  of  it?  W.  R.  B. 

Pennsylvania. 

If  you  take  our  advice  you  will  have  nothing  to 
do  with  this  “dope.”  We  have  explained  again  and 
again  what  is  known  about  the  action  of  such  chem¬ 
icals  in  the  tree.  There  is  no  evidence  to  show  that 
such  treatment  will  kill  scale,  while  there  is  evidence 
that  it  may  seriously  injure  the  trees.  Dr.  H.  A. 
Surface,  State  Zoologist  of  Pennsylvania,  says: 

Tens  of  thousands  of  dollars  have  been  spent  for  this 
stuff,  which  is  chiefly  cyanide  of  potassium.  It  is  merely 
to  be  put  in  a  hole  beneath  the  bark  of  the  tree.  The 
management  has  found  some  persons  who  are  willing  to 
say  that  it  has  helped  their  trees,  and.  consequently,  the 
battle  goes  on.  We  have  examined  trees  where  it  has  been 
applied,  and  have  found  that  it  is  actually  damaging  them 
by  killing  the  bark  where  it  was  inserted ;  but  the  agents 
are  busy,  and  are  selling  it  in  very  small  capsules,  at  the 
rate  of  several  dollars  per  pound. 

We  can  easily  see  bow  people  can  be  found  to 
give  credit  to  this  treatment.  The  tree  might  be 
affected  by  a  dozen  things  which  gave  it  a  new 
start,  while  the  treatment  might  even  be  an  injury; 
yet  a  man  who  wanted  to  prove  its  value  would 
give  it  all  the  credit  for  the  tree’s  improvement.  In 
one  young  orchard  we  have  several  Baldwin  trees 
which  are  this  year  loaded  with  fruit,  while  most  of 
that  variety  carry  hardly  an  apple.  This  early  bear¬ 
ing  seems  to  be  largely  due  to  a  partial  girdling  of 
the  tree  by  borers  and  injury  from  cultivators,  but 
if  that  “treatment”  had  been  used  it  would  have  re¬ 
ceived  full  credit.  As  Dr.  Surface  says,  this  powerful 
chemical  is  likely  to  kill  the  bark.  We  would  by  all 
means  let  this  stuff  alone. 


THR  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

THE  MERITS  OF  ANGORA  GOATS. 

While  the  discussion  of  poison  ivy  was  on,  Mr.  J. 
H.  Clark  of  New  Jersey,  wrote  that  Angora  goats 
will  eat  the  ivy  plants  with  relish.  This  was  a  new 
one  for  the  goats,  and  we  wrote  Mr.  Clark  for 
further  reasons  why  these  goats  arc  to  be  preferred 
to  sheep.  His  answer  follows,  and  a  picture  of  some 
of  his  goats  may  be  seen  at  Fig.  398. 

“As  I  wrote  you.  Angora  goats  will  thoroughly 
clean  out  poison  ivy,  and  like  the  job.  Sheep  will 
not,  as  I  tried  them  for  three  years.  I  have  never 
had  a  goat  killed  by  dogs,  but  dogs  might  kill  an. 
old  goat,  but  never  a  kid  when  the  mother  was  with 
it.  I  have  seen  a  goat  toss  a  dog  20  feet.  I  could 
not  keep  sheep  because  of  dogs.  Some  of  my  neigh¬ 
bors’  dogs  that  killed  my  sheep  are  still  alive,  but 


A  GROUP  OF  ANGORA  GOATS.  Fig.  398. 


they  never  bother  the  goats.  The  protection  a  goat 
would  give  to  lambs  would  be  this :  Goats  and  sheep 
would  get  along  in  the  same  field  very  nicely,  as  the 
goats  eat  brush  and  weeds,  while  the  sheep  eat  grass. 
In  the  Spring,  when  the  goats  kid,  they  will  go  after 
any  dog  that  comes  in  the  field  and  drive  it  out ; 
thus  the  sheep  are  protected.  In  the  Fall  after  frost, 
I  turn  the  goats  into  the  garden  to  eat  up  all  weeds 
and  old  asparagus,  etc.,  which  they  turn  into  the  best 
of  fertilizer.  Sheep  would  not  do  this ;  I  tried  them.” 


A  BICYCLE  GRINDER. 

The  grinder  shown  in  Fig.  399  is  made  from  an 
old  bicycle.  It  grinds  much  faster  than  the  ordinary 
grindstone.  The  mandrel  is  the  only  thing  about  it 
that  need  bother  anyone  handy  with  tools,  who  has 
a  drill,  hacksaw  and  some  wood-working  tools.  Cut 
the  upper  tube  of  the  bicycle  off  about  five  inches 
ahead  of  the  seat  post,  and  split  it  three  inches  hori¬ 
zontally.  Heat  this  and  bend  it  down,  then  take  a 
short  piece  of  the  tube  for  a  ferrule  to  hold  the  ends 
and  the  end  of  the  leg.  Cut  the  lower  tube  15  inches 
long  and  split  it  in  the  opposite  direction  and  flatten 
the  ends  and  wrap  them  around  the  leg  and  nail  it. 
The  leg  is  30  inches  long  and  a  little  larger  than  the 
tubing.  Now  turn  the  seat  post  so  that  the  seat  will 
be  wrong  end  to.  The  table  is  10x14  inches  and  the 


A  BICYCLE  GRINDER.  Fig.  399 


legs  are  three  feet  six  inches  long.  The  rear  end  of 
the  bicycle  is  held  by  a  piece  of  1  ^-inch  strap  iron 
56  inches  long.  Drill  a  screw  hole  in  the  middle, 
and  one  11  inches  each  way  from  it  and  one  in  each 
end.  Eighteen  inches  from  the  middle  make  holes 
large  enough  to  admit  the  rear  axle,  and  about  an 
inch  long  to  admit  of  adjustment.  I  used  an  old 
rake  tire  and  bent  it  cold.  The  braces  which  hold 
the  legs  and  table  to  the  frame  are  of  the  same  ma¬ 
terial  and  are  held  to  the  frame  by  the  bolt  that 
clamps  the  seat.  A  round  belt  is  used,  but  a  flat 
one  might  be  better,  as  it  could  be  heavier  and 
drive  a  larger  wheel.  Mine  is  1x6,  and  it  would 
easily  run  a  much  larger  one.  The  mandrel  is  made 
from  ^4-inch  shafting,  turned  to  j4-inch  hole,  and  is 
seven  inches  long,  running  in  babbitt  boxes. 


October  14, 

I  have  been  using  the  grinder  for  10  years  and 
seldom  use  a  grindstone,  except,  perhaps,  to  smooth 
up  something  that  the  emery  wheel  leaves  too  rough. 
I  grind  axes,  scythes,  knives  and,  in  fact,  do  all  of 
my  grinding  with  it.  When  grinding  machine  knives 
I  sometimes  have  some  one  hold  the  end  of  them, 
or  they  have  a  hook  where  I  can  reach  it  hung  at 
the  proper  height  to  hold  the  end  of  the  bar,  as  it 
is  difficult  to  hold  it  and  do  the  grinding  too. 

Barker,  N.  Y.  H.  c.  b. 


THE  NEW  YORK  FIREARMS  LAW. 

Wliat  do  you  know  of  this  new  law  of  New  York  State 
whereby  a  man  is  forbidden  to  keep  a  gun  or  firearm  of 
any  kind  in  his  house,  without  a  license,  under  penalty  of 
severe  punishment?  Now  is  it  a  fact  that  such  a  law  has 
been  passed?  If  it  has,  will  it  not  be  found  unconsti¬ 
tutional  as  soon  as  a  test  case  is  tried?  It  seems  to  me 
that  I  remember  a  clause  in  the  United  States  Constitu¬ 
tion  that  reads  this  way :  “And  there  shall  be  guaranteed 
to  every  citizen  of  these  United  States  the  right  forever  to 
hear  arms.”  Am  I  right?  Our  forefathers  were  exceedingly 
anxious  to  preserve  the  liberty  of  the  mass  of  the  people, 
and  the  right  to  keep  and  to  bear  arms  was  a  very  essen¬ 
tial  part  of  that  liberty,  as  the  common  people  were  not 
allowed  to  have  any  arms  at  all  in  countries  where  they 
were  all  peasants  or  serfs.  w.  M.  G. 

Ohio. 

Several  farmers  have  also  asked  about  this  law. 
It  is  entitled  “An  act  to  amend  the  penal  law  in  rela¬ 
tion  to  the  sale  and  carrying  of  dangerous  weapons.” 
The  law  states  first  that  the  manufacture,  or  sale  of 
certain  specified  weapons  (guns  and  pistols  included) 
to  any  person  under  16  3'ears  old  is  a  misdemeanor. 
Any  person  who  uses  a  dangerous  weapon  upon 
another  or  carries  such  with  intent  to  use  it  is  guilty 
of  a  felony.  A  person  under  16  who  carries  such 
dangerous  weapon  is  guilty  of  misdemeanor.  The 
heart  of  the  law  is  as  follows : 

Any  person  over  the  age  of  16  years  who  shall  have  or 
carry  concealed  upon  his  person  in  any  city,  village  or 
town  of  this  State,  any  pistol,  revolver  or  other  firearm 
without  a  written  license  therefor  theretofore  issued  to 
him  by  a  police  magistrate  of  such  city  or  village,  or  by  a 
justice  of  the  peace  of  such  town  or  in  such  manner  as 
may  be  prescribed  by  ordinance  of  such  town  or  in  such 
manner  as  may  be  prescribed  by  ordinance  of  such  city, 
village  or  town,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  felony. 

Any  person  not  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  who  shall 
have  or  carry  firearms  or  any  dangerous  or  deadly  weapons 
in  any  public  place  at  any  time  shall  be  guilty  of  a  felony. 
This  section  shall  not  apply  to  the  regular  and  ordinary 
transportation  of  firearms  as  merchandise,  nor  to  sheriff*, 
policemen  or  to  other  duly  appointed  peace  officers  nor  to 
duly  authorized  military  or  civil  organizations  when 
parading,  nor  to  the  members  thereof  when  going  to  and 
from  the  places  of  meeting  of  their  respective  organiza¬ 
tions. 

Provision  is  made  for  the  destruction  of  danger¬ 
ous  weapons  when  found.  The  sale  of  firearms  is  to 
be  regulated  and  a  careful  record  kept  of  such  sales 
and  transfers.  If  any  person  sell,  give  or  transfer 
such  firearms  without  first  notifying  the  police  au¬ 
thorities  he  is  guilty  of  misdemeanor. 

The  object  of  this  law  was  to  enable  the  authori¬ 
ties  to  disarm  the  thousands  of  foreigners  and  lawless 
characters  who  make  life  a  terror  in  parts  of  the 
large  cities.  These  characters  carry  pistols  or  knives 
continuously,  and  are  responsible  for  much  bloodshed. 
The  law  appears  to  apply  to  firearms  which  may  be 
concealed  upon  the  person,  except  in  the  case  of 
foreigners,  who  are  debarred  from  carrying  any  kind 
of  dangerous  weapons.  As  we  understand  it,  the 
law  does  not  apply  to  farmers,  or  to  people  who  live 
outside  of  towns  and  villages,  nor  does  it  apply  ap¬ 
parently  to  carrying  guns  or  larger  firearms  except 
when  these  are  taken  into  towns  or  villages.  We 
should  judge  that  a  farmer  can  keep  a  gun  or  pistol 
in  open  view  at  home  with  which  to  protect  his  prem¬ 
ises,  but  should  he  carry  the  pistol  concealed  about 
his  person  into  town  or  city  he  would  be  obliged  to 
take  out  a  license,  as  prescribed  by  this  law.  We 
applied  to  the  Attorney-General  of  New  York  for  an 
opinion  on  this  matter,  but  he  merely  states  that  no 
such  opinion  has  been  given.  We  understand  that 
the  law  will  soon  be  tested  in  the  courts.  As  for  the 
constitutional  right  to  carry  arms  referred  to  by  our 
correspondent,  the  second  amendment  of  the  United 
States  Constitution  reads  as  follows:  “A  well-regu¬ 
lated  militia  being  necessary  to  the  security  of  a  free 
state,  the  right  of  the  people  to  keep  and  bear  arms 
shall  not  be  infringed.”  Lawyers  tell  us  that  in  vari¬ 
ous  parts  of  the  country  the  right  of  the  State  or 
community  to  regulate  the  carrying  of  concealed 
weapons  has  been  tested  with  the  result  that  such 
right  is  granted  under  certain  conditions. 


The  head  fish  hatcher  of  Oregon  is  getting  ready  to 
“set”  10,000,000  salmon  eggs. 

According  to  the  license  bureaus  there  are  about  500,- 
000  automobiles  in  use  in  the  United  States. 

In  baseball  when  a  player  cannot  hit  the  ball  he  “fans 
out.”  That  is  what  should  happen  to  the  weed  seed  and 
stuff  in  the  seed  grain. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


1003 


“STEC^LINftE’,  is  the  name  given  to  small  sugar  beets 
grown  for  seed.  The  seed  from  highly  pedigreed  plants 
is  sown  very  thickly  in  narrow  rows  and  the  little  inch 
beets  are  used  to  produce  commercial  seed  in  large 
quantities. 


HANDLING  THE  APPLE  CROP. 


As  Done  In  Northern  New  York. 


The  apple  harvest,  of  course,  begins  with  the  first 
early  fruit,  and  lasts  until  the  last  Winter  varieties 
are  all  gathered  or  snowed  under.  This  is  a  general 
statement  that  in  too  many  cases  is  borne  out  by 
actual  facts,  but  to  come  to  the  point  at  once,  it  de¬ 
pends  much  on  what  is  to  be  done  with  the  fruit  hpw 
it  is  handled.  The  first  Winter  apples  to  be  picked 
are  generally  Rhode  Island  Greening.  If  they  are  to 
be  placed  in  cold  storage  they  should  be 
picked  as  soon  as  the  seeds  are  a  light 
brown  color,  if  the  apples  are  well  de¬ 
veloped.  I  recall  one  year  when  many 
were  stored  before  September  10,  but 
as  a  general  proposition  the  larger  part 
of  the  month  of  September  is  gone  be¬ 
fore  they  are  all  stored.  If  on  the 
other  hand  they  are  to  go  into  common 
storage  they  may  hang  on  the  trees 
until  fully  ripe  to  good  advantage.  Red 
varieties  are  generally  left  on  the  trees 
longer,  so  that  they  may  become  as 
well  colored  as  possible  before  picking, 
as,  other  things  being  equal,  good  color 
improves  the  grade  of  the  fruit. 

The  ladders  mostly  used,  locally,  are 
made  in  Marion,  as  there  has  been  a 
ladder  factory  here  for  nearly  50  years, 
and  there  are  now  two,  and  many  lad¬ 
ders  are  shipped  from  here  every  year. 

The  ladders  are  made  of  the  best  qual¬ 
ity  of  basswood  and  ash  lumber,  the 
sides  being  basswood,  and  the  rounds 
ash.  The  sides  are  planed  on  a  taper 
from  the  bottom  to  the  top,  the  size 
varying  with  the  length.  The  rounds 
are  also  much  larger  at  the  bottom, 
and  also  much  longer  than  at  the  top, 
making  a  very  strong  and  also  light 
ladder.  They  also  vary  in  length  from 
seven  or  eight  feet  up  to  35  and  even 
more,  as  apple  trees  in  this  section  vary 
much  in  height ;  but  the  tendency  at 
present  is  toward  dishorning,  or  lower¬ 
ing,  the  tops  of  the  high  trees,  and 
heading  down  the  smaller  ones  and 
keeping  them  within  reasonable  bounds. 

The  pickers  use  various  receptacles  for 
picking  fruit;  probably  the  most  com¬ 
mon  form  is  a  grain  bag  tied  from 
one  top  corner  to  the  bottom  corner 
with  a  longer  or  shorter  strap,  to  suit 
the  individual,  and  with  a  wire  hoop 
or  a  stick  sewed  into  the  top  to  hold 
it  open.  There  are  also  several  makes 
of  picking  sacks  and  coats  on  the  mar¬ 
ket  ;  some  of  them  are  very  good.  In 
the  accompanying  illustration,  Fig.  401, 
the  men  have  a  kind  of  apron  sack  hung 
in  the  top  to  hold  them  open,  and  a  slit 
on  onq  side  near  the  top  to  pour  out  the 
fruit.  As  will  be  seen,  the  ladders  are 
placed  carefully  against  the  trees,  so 
that  the  picker  can  gather  a  good  arm’s 
length  on  each  side,  and  pick  from  the 
ground  up.  The  ladder  is  then  moved 
a  space  farther,  and  when  the  tree  has 
been  circled  in  this  way  it  should  be 
practically  cleaned,  if  not  too  large,  in 
which  case  it  is  sometimes  necessary  to 
put  the  ladder  up  in  the  middle  of  the 
tree,  or  else  climb  among  the  branches 
to  finish  the  tree.  The  amount  of  fruit 
that  can  be  picked  by  a  good  hand  va¬ 
ries  much,  depending  on  size  of  trees, 
size  of  fruit,  and  very  much  on  how 
thick  the  fruit  hangs  on  the  trees.  On 
some  trees  25  bushels  would  be  a  good 
day’s  work,  while  on  others  more  than 
100  bushels  could  be  picked  in  the  same 
time.  When  fruit  is  being  barreled  as 
fast  as  picked,  a  sorting  table  is  gener¬ 
ally  used,  as  in  Fig.  402,  the  apples  be¬ 
ing  placed  either  directly  on  the  table 
by  the  pickers,  or  else  in  bushel  crates, 
if  the  table  happens  to  be  full  at  the  time,  or  for 
convenience,  and  may  be  drawn  to  the  barn  or  pack¬ 
ing  house  in  them  and  barreled  there ;  in  fact  a  large 
per  cent  of  the  crop  is  drawn  to  market  in  this  way, 
the  dealers  claiming  that  they  get  a  much  more  uni¬ 
form  pack  if  they  have  their  own  men  pack  the 
fruit,  than  if  the  growers  do  their  own  packing.  The 
sorting  table  is  a  simple  affair,  anywhere  from  five 
to  eight  feet  long,  and  from  three  to  five  wide.  The 
top  is  generally  slatted  so  that  very  small  apples 


drop  through,  also  any  leaves  that  might  be  among 
them.  The  front  end  is  just  high  enough  to  set  a 
barrel  under,  the  other  end  about  eight  inches  higher, 
just  enough  so  that  the  fruit  will  roll  towards  the 
barrel.  Two  or  more  men  can  sort  on  such  an  out¬ 
fit.  Many  of  the  sorting  tables  have  one  end  mounted 
on  an  old  buggy  axle,  with  the  wheels  on,  and  can 
be  easily  moved  from  tree  to  tree  like  a  push  cart. 
The  apples  are  sometimes  sorted  into  two  grades, 
firsts  and  seconds,  and  the  culls  usually  go  to  the 
evaporators.  Many  farmers  also  pick  their  fruit  and 


pile  on  the  ground  in  the  orchard  or  in  crates,  es¬ 
pecially  if  they  pick  before  the  fruit  is  sold,  which  is 
often  the  case ;  but  fruit  handled  this  way  will  not 
do  for  cold  storage. 

Fig.  400  shows  a  tree  of  Pippins,  also  the  effects 
of  thorough  spraying  with  lime-sulphur  and  arsenate 
of  lead.  The  owner,  Mr.  Chas.  Pratt,  tells  me  that 
this  tree  had  given  him  but  two  barrels  of  clean 
fruit  in  20  years ;  this  year,  with  four  thorough 
sprayings,  it  produced  12  barrels  of  No.  1  apples. 


A  PIPPIN  TREE  SHOWING  SPRAYING  RESULTS.  Fig.  400 


APPLE  PICKING,  LADDERS  AND  BAGS.  Fig.  401. 


SORTING  FRUIT,  APPLE  SORTER  IN  PLACE.  Fig.  402. 


Mr.  Pratt  is  one  of  those  farmers  who  believes  in 
specializing  any  line  of  work  in  which  he  engages, 
and  can  successfully  handle  a  large  farm.  He  has 
between  20  and  50  acres  of  fruit,  and  a  glance  at 
the  trees  shows  intelligent  care.  The  orchard  where 
the  views  were  taken  was  planted  about  30  years 
ago,  on  a  piece  of  land  that  is  covered  with  lime¬ 
stone  bowlders  from  the  size  of  a  bushel  basket  up 
to  many  tons  weight;  lying  so  thickly  on  the.  ground 
as  to  prevent  the  land  ever  being  plowed,  and  many 
of  the  trees  had  to  be  set  out  of  line  on  account  of 
the  rocks.  This  orchard  is  a  fine  pro¬ 
ducer,  and  is  kept  thoroughly  pruned 
and  sprayed,  as  are  all  his  orchards.  He 
also  has  32  acres  in  Red  Kidney  beans, 
and  there  are  no  weeds  in  them.  His 
crop  last  season  was  about  600  bushels. 
He  has  a  muck  swamp,  which  is  tho¬ 
roughly  drained,  on  which  he  is  har¬ 
vesting  a  large  crop  of  onions,  and  has 
three  acres  of  celery,  which  promises  a 
heavy  crop.  He  believes  in  not  stinting 
any  crop  on  labor,  and  keeps  help 
enough  to  do  his  work  as  it  should  be 
done,  and  at  the  proper  time. 

The  apples  shown  in  the  cuts  run 
about  10  barrels  firsts,  one  of  seconds 
and  from  half  a  crate  to  maybe  two 
crates  culls.  Mr.  Pratt  attributes  this 
to  the  fact  that  he  owns  his  own  sprayer 
and  when  spraying  does  a  thorough  job. 
Fie  formerly  hired  his  spraying  done, 
and  did  not  get  satisfactory  results. 
There  is  a  point  in  this  that  it  will  be 
well  to  think  over.  Now,  while  the 
green  fruit  market  naturally  seems  to 
be  the  main  way  of  disposing  of  the 
crop,  there  have  been  times  when  the 
bulk  of  the  crop  went  to  the  evapo¬ 
rators,  and  much  still  goes  there  and 
to  the  canning  factories.  The  impres¬ 
sion  seems  to  prevail  that  these  indus¬ 
tries  are  rather  small  potatoes,  and  only 
use  of  the  poor  grades  of  fruit;  this  is 
a  great  mistake,  for  while  a  poor  grade 
of  apples  can  b§  worked  up,  they  make 
a  low  grade  of  fruit,  and  no  one  likes 
to  work  them  as  well  as  good,  sound 
fruit.  The  facts  are  that  the  factories 
often  pay  as  good  prices  for  “tree  run” 
apples  as  the  green  packers.  There  are 
two  large  and  one  smaller  canning 
plants  in  our  town,  and  one  of  the  pro¬ 
prietors  told  me  three  years  ago  that 
he  had  bought  over  70,000  bushels  of 
apples,  and  afterwards  bought  several 
cars  from  outside.  Besides  these  out¬ 
lets  for  fruit,  many  of  the  farmers  have 
evaporators  of  their  own,  with  capacity 
of  50  to  500  bushels  per  day,  and  if 
dried  fruit  pays  better  than  green, 
much  will  be  evaporated.  The  fruit 
business  is  no  snap  game,  but  takes 
time,  labor  and  patience  to  win  out,  as 
well  as  any  other  line  of  agriculture. 
Nearly  every  farm  in  this  section  has 
more  or  less  orchard,  and  the  ordinary 
farmer  gathers  his  fruit  with  his  regu¬ 
lar  help,  or  with  a  little  extra,  during 
picking  time,  but  the  man  with  large 
orchards,  and  the  specialists,  have  to 
depend  much  on  the  “transients,”  who 
begin  to  appear  a  few  weeks  before  they 
are  wanted.  They  often  go  in  gangs-  of 
from  four  to  10  and  hire  out  together. 
They  want  to  pick  by  the  day,  or  by  the 
bushel,  according  to  their  own  ideas,; 
This  seems  to  be  the  solution  of  the 
labor  question  so  far  as  getting  the 
‘crop  picked  is  concerned,  at  least  at 
the  present  time,  as  many  of  them  will- 
do  large  “stunts”  every  day  if  working 
by  the  bushel.  Some  of  us  would  like 
to  know  where  this  fruit  business  is 
going  to  end.  If,  as  I  believe  is  the 
case,  many  people  go  without  fruit,  or 
pay  from  a  nickel  to  a  dime  apiece  for 


fine  apples  here  in  the  United  States,  it  assuredly 
would  seem  the  growers  should  receive  more  than 
one  dollar  per  hundred  pounds,  as  is  now  offered  for 
Greenings.  J.  a.  crane. 

Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y. 


1004 


THE  RURAI>  NEW-YORKER 


October  14. 


THE  APPLE  SITUATION. 

In  regard  to  the  apple  buyers  securing 
cold  storage,  thereby  forcing  farmers  to 
sell  to  them,  I  do  not  know  of  my  own 
knowledge  that  they  are  doing  so.  I  have 
heard  it  rumored  that  it  was  being  done 
along  the  lake.  It  is  possible  to  get  all  thd 
storage  we  want  here  from  the  LeRoy  Cold 
Storage  Co.  Not  a  great  many  sales  of 
apples  have  been  made,  but  I  know  of 
several  who  have  sold  to  a  local  dealer  at 
$1.50  to  $1.75  for  Greenings,  and  $2.50 
to  $2.60  for  No.  1  red  fruit.  King,  Spy, 
Baldwin,  etc.  The  quality  of  the  fruit  was 
never  as  good  in  this  section,  chiefly  due 
to  Professor  Whetzel  getting  us  interested 
in'  taking  better  care  of  our  orchards.  We 
formed  an  association  known  as  the  Beth- 
any-Batavia  Fruit  Growers’  Association,  and 
established  two  field  laboratories,  with  a 
pathologist  in  charge  of  one,  and  an  ento¬ 
mologist  in  the  other,  and  cared  and  sprayed 
for  under  their  direction.  As  an  ex¬ 
ample,  I  picked  131  barrels  of  Greening 
apples  from  one  acre,  and  it  was  hard  to 
find  an  imperfect  apple.  In  orchard  adjoin¬ 
ing,  uneared  for  and  unsprayed,  it  was  hard 
to  find  a  perfect  apple.  I  secured  first 
prize  at  the  Genesee  County  Fair  on  King 
and  Detroit  Red  in  a  field  of  14.  My  or¬ 
chard  is  in  sod.  too,  which  is  contrary  to 
Cornell  advice,  but  I  believe  it  is  a  question 
of  pruning,  mulching  with  barnyard  manure 
and  thorough  spraying  at  the  right  time, 
more  than  tillage.  The  reason  a  great 
many  have  been  disappointed  in  the  results 
from  spraying  is  because  the  spray  was  not 
applied  at  the  right  time  and  often  enough, 
and  in  sufficient  quantity.  J.  w.  burke. 

Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y. 

We  think  it  is  true  that  the  dealers  have 
taken  most  of  the  cold  storage  room.  That, 
at  least,  is  the  report  here.  The  manager 
of  the  Ililton  cold  storage  plant  told  me 
that  one-half  of  that  plant  was  taken  by 
the  growers.  The  best  price  here  is  $2.35 
per  barrel.  Most  large  growers  are  storing. 

Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y.  delos  tenny. 

The  storage  situation  in  Wayne  County 
appears  to  be  no  exception  to  the  reports 
which  you  have  heard.  About  the  first 
week  in  September  a  party,  reported  to.be  a 
buyer,  secured  an  option  on  all  the  remain¬ 
ing  space  in  the  local  storage.  His  name  is 
withheld.  The  day  his  option  expired  he 
closed  the  deal  and  signed  for  the  space. 
Up  to  that  time  two  orchards  had  been 
sold,  one  80  cents  a  bushel  for  everything 
picked :  the  other  for  $2.50  per  barrel  for 
the  fruit.  After  these  sales,  buyers  left  the 
vicinity  for  perhaps  two  weeks.  They  are 
returning  now  and  are  offering  $1.50  to  $2 
per  barrel,  barreled,  for  No.  1  fruit.  They 
seem  very  confident  in  their  offers,  but  are 
not  approaching  any  grower  who  is  known 
to  have  secured  storage.  It  is  reported 
that  every  inch  of  space  has  been  engaged 
all  over  the  State,  and  the  buyers  are  citing 
this  fact  as  an  indication  of  an  immense 
crop.  The  capacity  of  the  storage  is  120.- 
000  barrels.  The  crop  in  this  vicinity  will 
probably  amount  to  100.000  barrels.  I  think 
it  doubtful  if  25  per  cent,  of  the  growers 
have  secured  sufficient  storage  space.  In 
most  cases  the  crop  is  so  far  exceeding  esti¬ 
mates  that  the  Greenings  alone  are  filling 
up  the  space  which  had  been  engaged  as 
ample  for  an  entire  crop.  About  50  per 
cent,  of  the  apples  are  yet  in  the  growers’ 
hands.  They  are  about  ready  to  sell  now: 
are  also  planning  to  fall  back  on  common 
storage  in  their  cellars  and  have  started 
evaporating.  A.  G. 

Pultneyville,  N.  Y. 

I  have  never  known  a  year  when  the 
farmers  were  so  largely  putting  their  apples 
in  cold  storage  as  this.  A  majority  of  the 
larger  growers  are  putting  in  Greening  and 
Cranberries  are  selling  for  $2  to  $2.40. 
Baldwins  are  bringing  as  high  as  $2.75  to 
$3.  While  this  seems  as  not  high,  com¬ 
pared  with  last  year  and  year  before,  when 
you  consider  what  the  consumer  will  have 
to  pay,  it  seems  a  fair  price.  Barrels  are 
selling  for  35  cents  each,  and  wages  for 
picking  and  barreling  are  not  as  high  as  for 
two  previous  years.  The  fact  is  that  more 
than  nine-tenths  of  all  orchards  that  have 
not  been  well  cared  for  for  past  few  years 
have  had  but  little  fruit  and  that  of  rather 
poor  quality.  But  orchards  that  have  been 
properly  looked  after  have  fair  crops  of 
fine  fruit  and  the  owners  need  not  growl 
at  the  returns.  It  does  seem  that,  when 
they  see  the  difference  in  yield  and  quality 
of  products,  good  care  would  be  the  uni¬ 
versal  rule.  J.  s.  WOODWARD. 

Niagara  Co.,  N.  Y. 

I  do  not  think  in  this  section  dealers 
have  any  more  space  in  the  cold  storages 
than  usual,  but  there  are  very  few  buyers 
and  they  don’t  seem  to  have  any  nerve,  or 
else  they  are  all  nerve.  The  Shippers’  As¬ 
sociation.  at  their  Detroit  meeting,  decided 
on  a  $2  basis  and  are  sticking  close  to  their 
agreement,  but  are  paying  now  around 
$2.50.  We  have  5,000,  and  are  putting 
them  all  in  storage.  c.  a.. 

Medina,  N.  Y. 

When  storage  was  to  be  had.  grower  and 
buyer  each  had  an  equal  chance.  Buyers 
were  combined  to  wait  because  they  thought 
growers  held  the  price  a  little  too  high.  I 
and  the  grower  secured  the  storage  till  the  ! 
supply  was  exhausted.  Not  having  storage 
enough  to  accommodate  the  crop,  there  are* 
many  left  out  and  the  buyers  pays  just 
what  he  pleases.  At  Lyndonville  the  ruling 
price  now  is  from  $1.25  to  $2,  but  $1.50 
and  $1.75  are  paid  oftener  than  $2.  Many 
of  those  who  did  not  get  storage  have  sold  j 
their  Greenings  to  the  dry  house  for  75  i 
cents  per  hundred,  and  shake  them  off.  { 
Another  deaJL  is  to  throw  out  all  apples  be¬ 
low  two  inches  and  sell  to  the  canning  fac-  j 
tory  at  $1  per  hundred.  We  have  not 
storage  capacity  enough  along  this  line  to  ; 
accommodate  the  crop.  At  Hamlin,  just  : 
east  of  us,  they  have  taken  steps  to  form  a 
company  and  erect  a  large  chemical  storage. 
We  need  another  plant  here  as  large  or 
larger  than  the  one  we  now  have.  In  this 
section  the  grower  is  fast  becoming  the 
speculator  when  prices  are  not  satisfactory 
early  in  the  season.  M.  s.  J. 

Lyndonville,  N.  Y. 

Cold  storage  is  not  obtainable  here.  There 
is  only  one  in  this  immediate  section  and 
that  is  fully  taken  with.  I  believe,  legiti¬ 
mate  reservations.  Our  dealers  here  find 
they  cannot  secure  storage,  though  they 
have  tried  all  over.  They  apparently  do 
not  think  there  is  any  deal  on  to  freeze 
anybody  out.  I  think  prices  are  fairly  sat¬ 


isfactory.  Greenings  are  plentiful  and  slow. 
Sales  all  the  way  from  75  cents  per  100 
tree  run,  to  $2.25  per  barrel.  It  depends 
on  the  other  stuff  going  with  them  and  the 
proportion  of  the  greens  to  the  other  sorts. 
Sales  of  red  fruit  are  common  at  $2.35. 
Some  sales  where  not  much  mixture  or 
odd  sorts  in  the  lot  have  brought  $2.50. 
Where  one  has  a  few  Spy,  Bellflower,  Ben, 
Talman,  Swaar.  etc.,  to  go  in  with  his 
strong  commercial  kinds,  it  almost  invari¬ 
ably  takes  off  a  shilling  or  so  on  his  entire 
crop.  They  are  all  right  for  family  or 
private  trade,  but  not  for  commercial  deals 
at  the  present  time.  F.  E.  R. 

Seneca,  N.  Y. 

The  general  impression  here  is  that  most 
of  the  space  in  cold  storage  plants  has  been 
engaged  by  growers  and  not  dealers ;  also 
that  the  dealers  are  not  buying  near  their 
usual  amount  of  apples  to  be  stored.  The 
crop  reports  up  to  September  1  would  indi¬ 
cate  that  we  have  about  50  per  cent,  more 
barreling  apples  in  the  United  States  than 
we  had  last  year.  Buying  has  been  done 
at  about  $1  per  barrel  less  than  was  paid 
last  year.  Last  year  24.000.000  barrels  at 
$3,  would  amount  to  $72,000,000.  and  this 
year  36.000,000  barrels,  at  $2,  $72,000,000. 
I  believe  that  we  have  the  largest  crop  of 
Duchess,  Wealthy,  Twenty  Ounce  and 
Greening  this  country  ever  saw,  and  if 
these  varieties  are  not  pushed  into  the  mar¬ 
kets  and  consumed.  Baldwins,  Ben  Davis 
and  other  late-keeping  varieties  of  red  fruit 
will  never  bring  price  enough  to  pay  the 
expenses  of  holding  them  for  a  late  mar¬ 
ket.  Throughout  this  section  we  are  anx¬ 
ious  for  a  market  for  fine  hand-picked 
Greenings,  to  be  loaded,  loose  in  the  cars. 

Wayne  Co..  N.  Y.  b.  j.  cash. 


White  Lead  on  the 
Farm  —  Implements 

Make  a  rule  never  to  let  the 
Spring  find  your  machinery 
and  tools  suffering  from  lack 
of  paint,  with  the  pores  of  the 
wood  open  to  receive  the  rain. 

Rot,  ruin  and  repairs  are  the 
price  of  neglect.  Paint  made  of 

“Dutch  Boy  Painter” 

Pure  White  Lead 

and  pure  linseed  oil  is  ideal  for  farm  use. 

To  keep  plows  from  rutting :  To  three  pounds  of 
tallow  mix  one  pound  of  white  lead.  Melt  the  tallow, 
stir  in  the  white  lead.  When  using,  heat  the  mixture 
and  apply  it  with  an  old  paint  brush.  In  the  Spring 
put  the  plow  in  the  ground  and  in  a  few  yards  the  mold¬ 
board  will  be  as  bright  as  it  was  before.  The  same 
applies  to  any  farm  tool  used  for  cultivating. 

Our  Free  Painting  Helps 

We  will  send  you  free,  on  request,  color  schemes 
and  miscellaneous  painting  instructions  that  you  will 
find  of  real,  practical  value.  Ask  for 
Helps  3208.  J 

NATIONAL  LEAD  CO. 
New  York  Cleveland  Chicago 

St.  Louis  Boston  Buffalo 

Cincinnati  San  Francisco 

(John  T.  Lewis  (National  Lead 
&  Eros.  Co.,  and  Oil  Co., 

Philadelphia) 


“How  to  Grow 
and  Market  Fruit” 

Look  up  the  literature  of  this  subject. 
You  will  find  half  a  dozen  books,  each 
covering  a  special  feature.  We  have  the 
only  book  which  tells_the  whole  story  in 
one  volume. 

We  have  grown  fruits  and  trees  for 
thirty  years.  We  boiled  down  a  life’s 
experience  into  these  pages.  Then  a 
dozen  or  more  practical  men  went  over 
the  work  and  pruned  and  grafted  until  the 
book  is  right.  It  tells  you  just  what  you 
want  to  know  from  the  time  you  spade  or 
plow  the  land  until  you  pocket  the  money 
for  the  crops.  It  tells  you  how  and  it  tells 
you  why  in  language  that  you  can  under¬ 
stand. 

Our  Nursery  covers  more  than  two 
thousand  acres — the  largest  in  America — 
and  ideally  located  for  growing  healthy, 
vigorous  stock.  We  have  anything  or 
everything  you  may  call  for — one  tree  or 
plant  or  a  million.  Order  now;  avoid  the 
Spring  rush  and  feel  sure  of  getting  the 
best  that  can  be  grown  at  a  fraction  of  tree 
agents’  prices. 

The  price  of  this  book  is  but  fifty  cents,  or  free 
with  your  order  for  nursery  stock  amounting  to  five 
dollars  or  more.  Send  for  the  book  now  and  the 
fifty  cents  will  be  applied  to  your  order  for  stock 
when  you  are  ready  to  order. 

Catalog'  for  the  asking'. 

Ten  Valuable  Farms  for  Sale— Write  for  particulars. 

Harrison’s  Nurseries,  Berlin,  Md. 

OLANT  your  APPLE  ORCHARD  in  the  Kin- 
derhook  Country  where  good  orchards  and 
g'ood  living'  go  together.  Come  and  see.  Ask 
for  booklet.  Rural  Life  Co.,  Kinderhook,  N.  Y. 

FOR  ?AI  C— The  largest  SEED  BUSINESS  in 
lUn  OHLL  an  enterprising  city  of  70,000.  Inthe 
center  of  a  large  agricultural  district.  Established 
in  1857.  Fixtures  and  good  will,  $1,000.  Stock  at 
market  prices.  A  good  proposition  for  the  right 
man.  Address  Douglass  M.  Ross,  Utica,  N  .Y, 


A  PAYING  BUSINESS 

Where  the  Others  Do  the  Paying — Not  Yea 

HERE  is  a  business  that  does  not  tie  up 
your  money  where  you  will  never  see 
it  again.  If  you  are  not  afraid  of 
honest  work,  you  can  build  up  a  substantial 
business  in  your  own  neighborhood  by  digging 
machine-made  ditches  with  a  Buckeye 
Traction  Ditcher. 

Farmers  are  waking  to  the  value  of  tile- 
drainage  and  subsoiling.  They  are  demand¬ 
ing  machine-made  ditches — 

( I )  Because  they  are  within  the  reach  of  every 
pocketbook. 

(2)  Because  they  are  truer  and  always  of  perfect 
grade. 

(3)  Because  the  work  is  quickly  done. 

(4)  Because  there  is  no  gang  of  men  to  board  for 
weeks  at  a  time. 

Where  there  is  a  demand,  there  is  where 
you  can  build  up  a  successful  business.  If 
you  have  a  keen  eye  for  opportunities  you 
will  here  see  the  road  open  for  large  profits. 
Others  have  earned  $2,500  a  year.  You 
can  do  the  same.  The  initial  coil  of  the 
machine  is  small  and  it  pays  for  itself  the 
firit  season.  Requires  no  technical  knowledge 
to  operate ;  work  is  agreeable  and  profitable. 
Buy  a  Buckeye  and  watch  your  bank 
account  grow. 

Write  for  Catalog  No.  3 

The  Buckeye  Traction  Ditcher  Co., 
Findlay,  Ohio. 


And  Make 
$25aWeek 

Trapping'  this  Fall 

VICTOR 
TRAPS 

are  sure  to  go  and 
'jSure  to  hold.  Every 
genuine  Victor  Trap 
is  pierced  with  av* 

cfLsL  your  Dealer 

Insist  on  the'V” 


50 


BUSHELS  IRISH  COBBLER  POTATOES.  Superior 
stock  for  seed.  A.  A.  SHEIVE,  Clinton,  Me. 


WANTED  TO  EXCHANGE  gyj 

Write  forparticulars,  WM.  LORD,  East  New  Market,  Md. 

MORTHERN  MICHIGAN  GROWN  SEED  POTATOES  for  Southern 

n  and  Easteni  orowers.  Extra  fine  stock;  $2.00  a  bu. 
Try  us.  LEVEQL’E’S  FARM,  Lake  Linden,  Mich. 


$100  Profit 

For  Every  $1 

THAT’S  easily  the  rate  of 
profit  you  can  make  the 
first  year  on  your  investment  In  a  Her¬ 
cules  All  Steel,  Triple  Power  Stump  Puller. 
Pull  the  stumps,  double  your  land  value, 
make  $1330.50  profit  the  first  year  and  $750  in 
extra  crops  every  year  after  on  40  acres. 
After  your  own  work  is  done,  do  contract 
stump-pulling  for  neighbors  or  rent  your 
machine  at  a  profit.  The 


ALL  STEEL  — 
Triple  Power 


Hercules 
Stump  Puller — 

guaranteed  to  pull  any  stump  or  green  tree  In  five 
minutes  or  less.  An  acre  of  stumps  a  (lay.  Sold  on 
80  days’  free  trial.  A  3  year  guarantee— all  broken 
castings  replaced  free.  Double  rackets  insure  safety 
of  you  and  team.  Can  be  used  single,  double  and 
triple  power.  More  powerful  than  a  locomotive. 
No  stump  can  resist  the  Hercules.  Let  us  prove  it. 
Write  now  for  our 

Special  Price  Offer 

and  book.  Read  what  hundreds  of  others  are  doing 
with  the  Hercules.  See  real  photographs  ofstumps 
pulled.  Read  best  crops  to  plant  after  stumps  are 
out.  Note  special  low  price  to  first  buyers  In  6000 
localities.  Wail  postal  quick  to  ■ 

HERCULES  MFG.  CO. 

|  130  17th  Street, 


CnDAYWe  Make 

jrKAkj&sybod, 


* 


Bucket,  Barrel,  4-Row  Potato  Sprayers, 
Power  Orchard  Rigs,  etc. 

There’s  a  field  sprayer  for  every  need,  pro¬ 
nounced  by  all  experts  the  world’s  best  line. 

THIS  EMPIRE  KING 

leads  everything  of  its  kind.  Throws 
fine  mist  spray  with  strong  force,  no 
clogging,  strainers  are  brushed  and 
kept  clean  and  liquid  is  thoroughly 
agitated  automatically. 

Spraying  Calondar  Free.  Write  for  di¬ 
rections  and  formula.  Also  catalog  on 
entire  sprayerline.  Wehave  thesprayer 
to  meet  your  exact  wants.  Address 

FIELD  FORCE  PUMP  CO., 

2  1  1th  St.,  Elmira,  N.  Y. 


PLANT 

FRUIT 

TREES 

THIS 

FALL 

I 


I  have  a  large  stock  of  thrifty  Apple, 
Pear,  Peach  and  Plum  trees  which  1  am 
offering  at  special  prices.  Also  Cali¬ 
fornia  Privet.  Plant  this  Fall  and  gain 
a  season.  Write  me  today  for  Catalog. 
My  reputation  as  a  nurseryman  back  of 
every  sale.  I  also  have  some  special 
offerings  in  those  famous  Jersey  Red 
Pigs — the  lively  growers.  Prolific  and 
profitable. 

ARTHUR  J.  COLLINS 
Box  R  Moorestown,  N.  J. 


875,000  FRUIT  TREESt 

- At  Wholesale  Prices.  Every  tree 

our  own  growing!  fresh  dug,  true 
to  nume,  the  best  trees  money 
can  buy,  grown  from  bearing 
orchards.  No  scale.  Personal  at¬ 
tention  given  each  order.  Every¬ 
body  write  for  free  illustrated 
catalogue.  Established  26  years- 
'y  APPLE  TREES,  1  McIntosh  and  1 
,45  Banana,  sent  postpaid,  for  25  ets. 
MALONEY  BROS.  Si  WELLS  CO.,  Box  14  Dansvillo,  N.  Y. 


Peach  and  Apple  Trees 

For  fall  or  spring  planting.  Prices  right;  stock 

right.  MTER  &  SON,  llridgeville,  Delaware 

Fink  apple  orchard  for  sale. 

Also  Ten  Thou  and  Bushels  of  APPLES. 
GEORGE  WHARTON,  Cruso,  Haywood  Co..  N.  C. 

rf,¥)pr,CJ  •  By  the  Millions.  A  complete  line 
KlTiI  '  at  wholesale  prices.  Large  supply 
*  •  of  peach  trees  and  Privet  Hedging. 

The  Westminster  Nursery,  Westminster,  Maryland 

NOTICE  to  PLANTERS 

I  have  a  surplus  of  extra  fine  1-yr.  stock  of  the  leading  varieties  of 
Apple  Tree*  propagated  from  my  bean ng  orchards.  It  will  pay  you 
to  ^et  in  touch  with  me  on  this  stock.  B.  F.  Kean,  Stanley,  N.  Y. 

FRUIT  TRFF^  F0R  FALL  PLANTING 

rlVUll  I  IYEjEiiJ  from  the  grower 

Save  middlemen’s  expense  and  get  them  fresh  dug. 
Same  catalog  and  prices  as  last  spring. 

WM.  J.  REILLY,  Nurseryman,  Box  69,  Dansville,  N.  Y. 

APPLE  TREES 

We  have  but  little  call  for  them, 
but  always  grow  a  limited  stock  of 

WHITE  OHIO  PIPPIN 

We  have  a  fine  lot  of  two-year  budded 

ROME  BEAUTY 

JAS.  H.  BLACK,  SON  6  CO.,  Hightitown,  N.  J. 

APPLE  BARRELS^ 

or  Hoops.  ROBT.  GILLIES.  Medina,  N.  Y . 


J.  H .  Hale,  the  Peach  Kins ,  ’  writes:  "The  Double  Action  ‘Cutaway’ is 
a  splendid  tool.  I  use  it  in  polishing  off  my  peach  orchards  several  times  a 
year.  A  good  pair  of  horses  handle  it  all  right.” 

The  genuine  "Cutaway”  tools  are  used  and  endorsed  by  successful  orcliard- 
ists  from  coast  to  coast  and  bay  to  gulf. 

In  orchard  work  the  driver  can  cultivate  under  the  trees  and  below  the  low 
limbs,  the  horses  not  interfering  with  the  branches.  The  double  levers  give 
the  driver  full  control  of  tool  at  all  times.  For  regular  farm  work  the  gangs 
can  be  drawn  together. 


UTAWAY 


DOUBLE  ACTION 
ORCHARD  HARROW 

Every  orchnrdist  and  fruit  grower  should  have  one  or  more  of  these  labor  savers 
and  fruit  makers.  They  will  positively  pay  for  themselves  in  one  season.  To  investi¬ 
gate  is  to  be  convinced. 

Thorough  cultivation  makes  large  crops.  Stirring  the  soil  lets  In  the  air,  sunshine 
and  new  life,  and  kills  foul  vegetation.  The  “Cutaway”  disk  slices,  stirs,  lifts,  twists 
and  aerates  the  soiL  Clakk’s  “Cutaway”  Tools  run  lighter  and  do  better  work  than 
any  other  machine.  Lasts  a  lifetime. 

Send  today  for  new  catalog,  “Intensive  Cultivation .”  Of  course,  it’s  free. 

HARROW  COMPANY 

HICCANUM,  CONNECTICUT 


839  MAIN 


CUTAWAY 

STREET 


1911. 


THE  RUR.A.L,  NEW-YORKER 


1006 


Selling  Vermont  Apple  Crop. 

F.  L.}  Windsor  Co.,  Vt. — Can  you  tell 
me  how  to  go  to  work  to  And  a  market 
for  sprayed  apples,  that  are  much  better 
than  the  ordinary  apples  sold  around  here? 

Ans. — If  the  quantity  to  be  sold  is  not 
large,  50  to  100  barrels,  our  advice 
would  be  to  sell  them  in  Vermont  or 
New  Hampshire,  if  possible.  Within  50 
miles  of  the  inquirer’s  place,  on  con¬ 
venient  railroads,  there  are  several 
towns  of  from  3,000  to  9,000  inhabitants. 
As  these  apples  are  better  than  the  com¬ 
mon  run,  some  of  the  grocers  in  these 
towns  can  handle  them  to  advantage.  In 
addition  to  looking  up  the  grocers,  try 
a  small  advertisement  in  some  of  the 
local  papers.  The  results  from  such 
advertising  are  often  surprising  in  bring¬ 
ing  profitable  and  permanent  family 
trade.  If  it  is  desired  to  sell  the  apples 
in  Boston  or  New  York,  the  most  eco¬ 
nomical  method  is  through  the  regular 
channels  of  commission  trade.  Send  the 
apples  to  some  house  with  reputation 
for  honesty  and  selling  ability.  At  pres¬ 
ent  there  is  no  feasible  plan  for  selling 
such  fruit  direct  to  the  consumers  in 
New  York.  When  we  get  parcels  post 
and  farm  stores  and  warehouses  in  the 
city,  the  case  will  be  entirely  different. 

Plowing  Under  Rye. 

F.  II.  B.,  Chenango  Co.,  N.  Y. — I  sowed 
about  five  bushels  of  rye  on  four  acres  of 
corn  stubble  after  the  middle  of  October, 
1910;  dragged  it  in  with  a  spring-tooth 
drag.  It  came  up  and  showed  a  very 
little  green  until  late  the  next  Spring,  but 
it  came  on  very  fast.  I  never  saw  such  a 
growth.  The  latter  part  of  May  it  would 
average  4%  to  five  feet  tall  and  very 
thick.  I  put  a  roller  on  two  acres  and 
rolled  it  flat  going  around  the  two  acres, 
then  put  my  man  to  plowing  going  around 
the  piece  same  way  I  rolled  it ;  planted  to 
corn,  after  thorough  pulverizing  and  drag¬ 
ging.  Hardly  a  stalk  of  rye  showed  after 
being  plowed  about  May  1.  I  got  a  very 
large  growth  of  stalks  and  many  ears,  but 
the  early  frost  of  this  section,  September 
13,  prevented  maturing;  10- days  would 
have  given  us  a  perfect  crop.  What  do 
you  advise  as  to  plowing,  sowing  again 
to  rye  and-  in  1912  turn  rye  under  and 
sow  to  Alfalfa?  I  harvested  about  CO 
bushels  of  rye  off  the  remaining  two  acres, 
a  very  large  growth.  I  have  already 
plowed  and  sowed  that  to  rye  and  it  is  up 
and  quite  green.  I  can  sell  all  the  seed 
for  $1.25  per  bushel,  but  am  sowing  all  I 
can  myself  for  seed  and  to  plow  under. 
Can  I  enrich  my  land  •  better  or  easier? 
I  also  cut  1%  acre  for  hay,  plowed  and 
sowed  to  buckwheat  July  1,  and  have  a 
great  crop,  well  matured  before  frost. 

Ans. — We  should  sow  rye  again.  This 
is  but  one  example  of  what  rye  will  do. 
Our  plan  is  to  keep  the  soil  constantly 
covered  with  some  living  crop.  As  we 
keep  on  repeating,  rye  is  the  best  we 
know  of  for  late  seeding.  Next  Spring 
you  can  decide  whether  to  plow  under 
the  full  rye  crop  or  cut  it  for  grain  or 
hay  and  plow  under  the  stubble.  You 
must  remember  that  if  you  keep  on 
plowing  under  these  heavy  rye  crops  you 
must  sooner  or  later  use  lime  in  order 
to  sweeten  the  soil. 


Orchard  Demonstration  in  Pennsylvania. 

The  Pennsylvania  Experiment  Station  is 
conducting  a  very  extensive  campaign  of 
education  throughout  the  State  for  the  ben¬ 
efit  of  fruit  growers.  Eleven  experimental 
orchards  were  selected  four  or  five  years 
ago,  for  a  10-years’  course  of  experiments 
in  cultural  methods.  The  one  in  Lawrence 
County,  on  the  farm  of  J.  B.  Johnson,  is 
divided  into  13  plots,  four  of  them  being 
check  plots,  which  received  no  fertilizer. 
The  others  received  different  combinations 
of  nitrogen,  phosphoric  acid,  potash,  lime, 
barnyard  manure,  clover  and  mulch.  The 
results  have  been  wonderfully  instructive. 
The  check  plots,  of  course,  showed  no  re¬ 
mits.  The  others  gave  different  degrees 
of  increased  net  profits,  varying  from  $100 
per  acre  up  to  $500.  The  nitrogen,  alone 
or  in  combination,  gave  the  best  results. 
Potash  alone,  and  phosphoric  acid  alone, 
gave  no  results,  but  did  give  results  when 
combined  with  nitrogen.  Lime  alone  gave 
no  results,  and  barnyard  manure  gave  the 
best  results  of  all. 

A  very  successful  field  meeting  was  held 
in  the  orchard  September  27,  to  show  fruit 
growers  the  results.  Men  and  women  from 
*11  the  surrounding  country,  Pennsylvania 
and  Ohio,  drove,  walked,  or  came  on  the 
cars,  to  see  the  experiment  and  to  hear  the 
lddresses.  Prof.  Alva  Agee  spoke  on  lime 
and  soil ;  Professor  Shaw  spoke  on  soil  fer¬ 
tility  ;  Professor  Stewart  explained  the  ex¬ 
periment  plots,  and  Professor  Green  of  the 
Ohio  Experiment  Station  spoke  on  the  apple. 
The  three  first-named  speakers  are  all  from 
our  own  State  Experiment  Station  In  Cen¬ 
ter  County,  Pa.  The  audience  was  enthu¬ 
siastic  and  inspiring,  and  the  afternoon  was 
clear  and  brilliant.  Such  an  event  marks 
*n  era  of  progress  in  Pennsylvania  fruit 
growing.  j.  c.  M.  j. 

Pennsylvania. 


Figures  of  a  Railroad  Farm. 

I  enclose  a  copy  of  the  cost  of  running 
the  N.  Y.  Central  Farm  at  West  Bergen, 
N.  Y.  They  were  going  to  show  what  any 
farmer  of  moderate  means  could  do  with 
his  farm  and  make  it  a  paying  invest¬ 
ment.  F.  T.  M. 

Byron,  N.  Y. 

The  farm  referred  to  is  one  of  the  chain 
established  by  the  N.  Y.  Central  Railroad. 
The  object  was  to  demonstrate  the  possi¬ 
bilities  of  farms  in  New  York.  The  figures 
are  given  by  Ilenry  Mitchell,  who  claims  to 
have  full  details  at  command.  Of  course 
a  large  share  of  this  expense  means  per¬ 
manent  investments : 

‘'This  farm  is  said  to  contain  about  75 
acres,  of  which  20  acres  is  wood  and  waste. 
It  was  purchased  from  George  Redinger, 
a  veteran,  in  March,  1910,  and  possession 
was  taken  by  the  New  York  Central  farm 
manager  on  March  17,  1910.  Ten  years 
ago  Mr.  Redinger  purchased  the  farm  for 
$3,500.  raised  his  family  there,  made  suffi¬ 
cient  profit  to  spend  about  $1,000  in  im¬ 
provements,  and  sold  it  to  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad  Company  for  $0,000. 

“There  were  about  14  acres  of  wheat 
on  the  farm  when  the  company  bought  it, 
which,  when  harvested  and  thrashed,  yielded 
about  300  bushels.  Wheat  in  August,  1910, 
was  worth  90  cents  a  bushel,  but  this  was 
not  sold  until  July,  1911,  when  it  realized 
82  cents  a  bushel,  and  a  great  number  of 
bushels  were  returned  by  the  mill  on  ac¬ 
count  of  it  being  ruined  by  rats. 

“For  the  first  year,  17%  acres  of  pota¬ 
toes  were  planted,  more  than  $20  an  acre 
being  spent  on  fertilizers.  The  cost  of 
cultivation,  fertilizers  and  seed  potatoes, 
spraying,  harvesting,  etc.,  was  about  $1,000 
and  the  crop  yielded  less  than  80  bushels 
of  marketable  potatoes  to  the  acre.  The 
total  quantity  sold  was  1,095%  bushels, 
which  was  supplied  to  the  New  York  Cen¬ 
tral  dining  service,  when  potatoes  at  that 
time  were  selling  at  35  cents  a'  bushel. 
The  remainder  was  insufficient  for  this 
season’s  planting,  after  a.  largo  quantity 
had  been  consumed  by  the  employes. 

"After  the  potatoes  were  harvested, 
about  eight  acres  of  the  potato  ground 
were  drilled  with  wheat  in  October,  and  a 
miserable  crop  of  about  6%  bushels  to  the 
acre  was  reaped — 51  bushels  actual  total 
— less  than  7  pounds  of  binder  twine  being 
used. 

“The  wages  for  the  first  year  amounted 
to  $4,700.33,  to  which  should  be  added  the 
cost  of  rooming  and  boarding  all  of  the 
employes. 

“Nearly  four  miles  of  ditching  was  done 
in  the  first  year,  at  a  cost  of  about  $5,000, 
including  half  the  superintendent's  salary. 
This  ,is  said  to  be  about  one-half  the  neces¬ 
sary  ditching,  and  cost  about  $1S2  an  acre. 
This  includes  the  cost  of  tiles  and  pipes, 
with  freight  charges  and  wages  and  main¬ 
tenance  of  enjplo.ves. 

“A  new  orchard,  containing  about  350 
apple  trees,  40  feet  apart,  diagonally,  was 
planted  in  May,  1910,  and  the  few  dead 
ones  replaced  and  350  fillers  planted  last 
Spring. 

“The  majority  of  the  fences  have  been 
removed.  The  greater  part  of  the  bound¬ 
ary  fence  was  constructed  by  the  former 
owner  and  Mr.  Adams,  the  owner  of  the 
northern  adjoining  farm,  about  a  year  be¬ 
fore  the  New  York  Central  took  possession. 

“There  are  said  to  be  about  25  acres  of 
potatoes  and  5  acres  of  cabbages  planted 
for  this  season.  The  Alfalfa  planting  has 
been  very  unsatisfactory.” 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  got  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


r - \ 

Saves  Worry 

Time 

and  Trouble 

Post 

i 

T  oasties 

Can  be  served  instantly 
with  cream  or  milk. 


It  makes  a  breakfast  or 
lunch  so  superior  to  the  or¬ 
dinary,  that  it  has  become  a 
welcome  pantry  necessity  in 
thousands  of  homes,  and  adds 
to  the  comfort  and  pleasure 
of  life. 


“The  Memory  Lingers” 

Sold  by  Grocers 

Postum  Cereal  Co.,  Ltd. 

Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

V. - - - .J 


Abbott-Detroit  “30” 
Fore-Door  Touring  Car,  $1350 


Automobile  Value  For  Every 
Dollar  Spent  Plus  Service 

KEEPING  that  faith  with  Abbott-Detroit  owners  which  gives  every 
owner  unbounded  faith  in  our  Company — faith  in  our  product,  faith 
in  our  prices,  faith  in  our  statements,  faith  in  our  service — enables 
us  to  market  a  full  value  automobile  for  value  received. 

A  full  value  automobile  is  not  merely  a  car  that  is  good  to  look  at, 
that  is  well^ upholstered  and  well  finished,  that  rides  well  without  making  the 
passengers  sea-sick  a  full  value  automobile  is  the  car  embodying  the  stand¬ 
ard  features  peculiar  to  any  other  well  made  car,  but  so  well  made  that  the 
manufacturer  can  guarantee  the  car  and  its  service  without  compromising  him¬ 
self — the  Abbott-Detroit  is  guaranteed  for  life — automobile  value  for  every 
dollar  spent  plus  service. 


“The  Car  With  a  Pedigree” 


Built  for  Permanence 


OUR  FREE  REFERENCE  CATALOG 

Our  new  Reference  Catalog  or  “Prompt  Book"  as  some  people  call  it,  will  be 
mailed  free  to  any  address  upon  request.  This  prompt  catalog  can  be  referred 
to  at  any  time  for  the  correct  meaning  of  standard  high  grade  motor  car  con¬ 
struction.  If  you  are  in  the  market  for  a  new  car,  then  be  guided  by  this  refer¬ 
ence  catalog— if  the  car  you  buy  does  not  tally  with  the  description  in  the  prompt 
book,  then  you  know  you  are  not  getting  a  standard  car.  Write  today  for  the 
Reference  Catalog. 

Abbott  Motor  Company  n2E-moiT.00MllH! 

Sherwin-Williams 
Paints  ^Varnishes 


FOR  THE  FARM 

For  inside  floors  use  the  paint  made  expressly 
for  the  purpose — Sherwin-Williams  Inside 
Floor  Paint.  Easily  applied,  dries  over  night 
with  a  hard  gloss  surface  that  will  stand  scrub¬ 
bing.  Does  not  mar  easily  under  foot  wear. 
Ten  colors. 

Sold  by  dealers  everywhere.  Ask  for  color  cards 


wwav*  ujr  ucaic*  a  ovciywuci  c.  A3n>  LKJ  l  UU1U*  UdlUo 

Address  all  inquiries  to  The  Sherwin-Williams  Co.,  635  Canal  Road,  N.  W., Cleveland,  Ohio 


STEEL  WHEELS 

(Low-Down) 

to  fit  your  f arm’wagon, 

is  the  combination  that  makes 
you  look  and  feel  like  an  Up- 
To-Date  farmer.  You  can  do 
more  work  without  being  so  tired, 
and  you  can  do  so  much  of  your 
work  alone  with  the  Low-Down 
Steel  Wheels.  Ask  for  free 
Catalogue  of  Instructions. 

Havana  Metal  Wheel  Co. 
Box  17  Hnvana,  Ill. 


BALED  ALFALFA  HAY 


ItltllHJK  «fc  SOLTEK 


Canastotu,  N.  Y. 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE 


.  .  .  MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY  .  .  . 


Seed  down  with 

HUBBARDS 


Bone* 

ASMuf 

Grass  and  Grain 
Fertilizer 


*The  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Send  for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  “Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


one  of  the  famous 
“Bone  Base  ”  Hay  Makers 


locm 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


October  14, 


Power  at  Low  Cost 
Kerosene  as  Fuel 

HERE  is  Power  for  you  that  can  always  be  relied 
upon.  The  Colton  Modem  Kerosene  Engine  is 
the  most  economical,  simplest  and  most  reliable 
Farm  Power  Plant  yet  invented.  Its  many  new  im¬ 
proved  patented  features  are  most  valuable  and  are 
not  found  on  any  other  engine.  Power  is  constant, 
speed  regulated  without  stopping  engine — adjusts 
itself  instantly  to  any  overload — no  cranking  to 
start  it. 

Let  this  wonderful  engine  demonstrate  its  unusual 
value  to  you.  Connect  it  to  your  water  system, 
lighting  system,  pumps  or  any  other  machinery.  If 
it  doesn  t  prove  a  great  money  and  labor  saver, 
return  it  and  get  your  money  back. 

The  Colton  operates  perfectly  on  kerosene,  the 
most  economical  and  satisfactory  fueL  Kerosene  can 
be  purchased  anywhere  at  about  half  the  cost  of  gaso¬ 
line,  is  much  safer  to  handle  and  gives  more  power, 
allon  for  gallon,  than  gasoline.  Gasoline,  alcohol, 
istiilate,  and  other  fusel  oils  may  also  be  used. 

POSITIVE,  UNCONDITIONAL  GUARANTY 

Every  Colton  is  sold  under  a  positive,  unqualified 

ruarantee  to  give  satifaetory  service  or  money  re- 
unded.  Our  company  has  been  established  27  years' 
You  need  an  engine  on  your  farm — so  investigate 
the  Colton — the  latest 
development?  in  en¬ 
gine  building. 

Get  it  on  trial  and 
compare  its  simple, 
compact  construction, 
superior  quality  ma¬ 
terials  and  high  grade 
workmanship.  You 
will  see  it  operate  with 
less  attention  and  fur¬ 
nishes  more  power  per 
rating  than  any  en¬ 
gine  you  ever'  saw. 
Send  for  free  engine 
book  at  once. 

Arthur  Colton  Co. 

701  Brush  Street 

DETROIT  .  .  MICH. 


MIDDLEDITCH  Kerosene 


ENGINES 


Operate  perfectly  on  common 
coal  oil,  gasoline,  distillate, 
alcohol  or  any  similar  liquid 
fuel.  Our  catalog  explains 
■why  this  is  safest,  simplest, 
most  economical  and  prac¬ 
tical  power. 

Genuine  Free  Trial 

If  it  doesn’t  satisfy  you  in 
every  way  fhe  trial  costs 
nothing.  Don’t  invest  in  any 
engine  until  you  get  our 
proposition.  Write  for  it  now. ' 

THE  MIDDLEDITCH  ENGINE  CO. 

29  Meldrum  Ave.,  Detroit,  Mich. 


Bigger  Profits 
With  This  Power 


More  work  at  less  expense  and  less  repair' 
cost  than  with  any  other  engine  made.  Lotus'' 
prove  it.  Write  for  Free  Leffel  Book.  You  are  no 
prepared  to  buy  until  you  get  our  proposition. 

Leffel 

Steam 

Engines 

are  the  simplest, 
most  durable,  and 
economical  power 
outfits  made.  Lar?e 
variety  of  uses.  No 
breakdowns,  no  de¬ 
lays.  Don’t  decide 
on  any  outfit  until 
you  pet  the  LEFFEL 
FREE  BOOK. 

Address 

James  Leffel  k  Co. 

Box264  Springfield , 


loutshlnes  city  gas  or  electricity.  Simple. 

Bnolseless,  odorless,  clean,  safe,  money-sav- 
llng.  -Guaranteed.  Write  nearest  office  for 
1  catalogue  M  and  learn  how  to  get  an 
j  Aladdin  Mantle  Lamp  FKEE. 

AfiFNTC  T*  H-  ball  sold  sso 

on  money  back  guarantee, 
1  not  one  returned.  Stacey  sold  12  In  one  hour. 
J  Newsom  Bold  12  in  10  calls.  Gibson  sold  IS 
[in  6  days.  Bedsits? If.  Needed Inevery home. 
[Our  Sunbeam  Burner  fits  other  lamps. 
ICompleteline  for  homes,  stores,  etc.  Ask 
Ifor  our  liberal  agency  proposition. 

I  MANTLE  LAMP  CO.  OF  AMERICA,  Dept.  40 
Bees  Bt  —  Chicago,  111.,  Portland,  Ore.,  tValerbury,  Conn,, 
bulks,  Tex.,  Winnipeg,  Montreal,  Canada 


I  Electric  Lights  make  the  brightest,  safest, 
cleanest  and  most  reliable  lighting  «ystem 
known  for  farms  and  country  homes.  The 
Dayton  Electric  Lighting  Outfits  are  low  in 
i  cost,  easy  to  install,  cost  almost  nothing  to 
operate.  Give  you  better  lights  than  most  city 
people  enjoy.  Write  today  for  complete  illui- 
trated  catalog  showing  outfits,  fixtures,  etc. 

DAYTON  ELECTRICAL  MFQ.  OO. 
231  St.  Clair  Street  Dayton.  Ohio 


Vacuum  Gleaner  Without  Cost 

Write  today  for  special  introductory  offer,  telling 
how  to  secure  a  liigli-grade  $14.00  Vacuum  Cleaner, 
without  cost.  __ 

Home  Supply  Co.,  Dept  K,  Scottsburg,  N.Y. 

FARM  FOR  $2,500  " 

Sullivan  County,  New  York  State  Farm  in  good 
state  of  cultivation,  well  fenced  and  watered ;  apple 
orchard,  maple  orchard,  small  fruit.  Large  13-room 
house,  large  barn  and  wagon-house,  granary  and 
outbuildings.  One  mile  from  nost  office,  stores 
and  State  road ;  in  the  heart  of  the  popular  summer 
boarding  section.  It  contains  about  130  acres:  to 
close  the  estate  it  will  be  sold  for  $2,500,  less  than  * 
the  cost  of  the  buildings.  It  has  been  used  as  a 
and  grain  farm ;  creamery  one  mile.  Address 
II,  care  Rural  New-Yorker,  409  Pearl  St.,  N.Y. 


dairy 

FAR 


CONSUMERS’  DOLLAR. 

Direct  Sales. — A.  J.  Pierpont,  a  Con¬ 
necticut  dairyman,  runs  a  milk  route.  In 
order  to  dispose  of  his  apples  to  good  ad¬ 
vantage  he  sends  out  the  following  circular  : 

APPLES  APPLES  APPLES 

MAPLE  HILL  FRUIT  AND  DAIRY  FARM 

Has  an  orchard  of  25  varieties  of  apples. 
A  continuous  supply  from  August  1  to  Jan¬ 
uary  1.  We  are  picking  daily,  and  send  a 
team  to  our  customers  twice  a  week.  We 
wholesale  in  large  quantities,  but  prefer  to 
deliver  direct  to  our  milk  customers,  thus 
eliminating  the  peddler’s  and  retailer’s 
profits.  We  deliver  in  peach  baskets.  Price 
ranges  from  25  cents  to  75  cents  per  bas¬ 
ket,  according  to  quality.  We  can  fill  your 
barrels  with  choice  Winter  apples  from 
$1.50  to  $3  per  barrel. 

When  interested  in  apples,  leave  a  note 
with  your  name  and  address  with  your  milk 
bottle,  or  phone  660  and  our  apple  man  will 
call  on  you  in  a  day  or  two. 

Below  this  are  a  dozen  small  slips  printed 
as  follows  : 

MAPLE  HILL  FRUIT  AND  DAIRY  FARM 

Please  send  your  apple  man  to 
M  . 


You  would  be  surprised  to  see  how  many 
people  in  your  town  would  buy  apples  if 
you  could  reach  them  in  this  way. 

The  Producer's  Share. — The  following 
clippings  are  taken  from  a  Rochester,  N.  Y., 
paper.  Here  are  the  apple  market  prices  : 

DOMESTIC  GREEN  FRUITS. 

New  Y’ork — APPLES — In  free  supply, 
but  trade  shows  slight  improvement ;  finest 
stock  occasionally  commands  a  premium  on 
quotations.  PEARS — Fairly  plenty  and 
selling  rather  slowly. 

Apples — Alexander,  per  bbl . $2.50@3.50 

— Snow,  per  bbl .  1.50@2.75 

— Twenty  Ounce,  per  bbl.  1.50 @2. 25 

— Dutchess,  per  bbl . 2.00@3.00 

— Wealthy,  per  bbl .  2.00@2.75 

In  the  same  paper  is  an  advertisement 
in  which  the  following  offer  is  made : 

“Apples — Selected  hand-picked  apples, 
the  Wealthy  variety,  a  very  choice  table 
fruit,  packed  in  one-third  bushel  handled 
baskets,  each  59  cents.” 

You  will  see  that  this  means  $1.77  per 
bushel,  or  $5.31  per  barrel.  In  these  mar¬ 
ket  quotations  the  cost  of  barrel,  commis¬ 
sion  and  freight  should  he  taken  from  the 
price.  How  much  of  the  consumer’s  dol¬ 
lar  does-  the  apple  grower  get? 


Public  Market  in  So.  Bend,  Jnd. — From 
the  consumers’  standpoint  the  market  is  a 
success.  It  is  well  patronized,  hut  appar¬ 
ently  the  farmers  are  cutting  prices  unnec¬ 
essarily,  frequently  selling  as  low  as  or 
lower  than  the  retail  merchant  would  pay 
them.  It  has  reduced  the  sales  of  the 
dealers  so  far  that  they  are  becoming  very 
much  exercised  over  what  they  at  first  con¬ 
sidered  a  huge  joke.  The  city  now  contem¬ 
plates  the  purchase  of  property  for  the 
housing  of  a  permanent  market.  For  the 
man  who  has  produce  which  must  be  sold 
every  day  it  is  not  practicable,  as  he  can¬ 
not  sell  on  the  market  three  days  in  the 
week  and  expect  the  dealers  to  buy  his 
produce  the  other  three.  Personally  I  cater 
to  the  best  trade,  selling  largely  direct  to. 
the  consumer,  mostly  telephone  orders,  and 
realize  much  better  prices  on  the  strength 
of  a  reputation  for  honest  pack  and  fair 
dealing.  H.  H.  s. 

South  Bend,  Ind. 


The  annual  fruit  and  market  gardeners’ 
show  of  Pennsylvania  will  be  held  at  Du- 
quesne  Garden,  Pittsburgh.  Prizes  for  fruit 
and  vegetable  displays  will  be  numerous. 
All  correspondence  should  be  addressed  to 
T.  D.  Harman,  Jr.,  110  Shady  ave.,  Pitts¬ 
burgh,  Pa. 


Oats  Among  Strawberries. 

I  have  tried  sowing  oats  among  straw¬ 
berry  plants,  between  the  rows  at  the  last 
cultivation ;  that  is,  with  us,  in  the  begin¬ 
ning  of  September,  and  has  been  satisfactory. 
It  will  keep  the  mulch  from  blowing  off 
and  also  holds  snow,  and  by  Spring  it  is 
always  all  dead  and  not  interfering  with 
the  berry  crop.  I  also  noticed  it  will  choke 
the  weeds.  A.  g.  w. 

Ephrata,  Pa. 


The  Question  of  “Cartage.” 

On  all  of  my  bills  for  produce  shipped  to 
commission  men  in  New  York  City  I  am 
charged  five  to  10  cents  cartage.  Is  it  not 
a  fact  that  a  large  part  of  those  goods  are 
sold  on  the  docks  or  as  they  are  unloaded 
from  the  cars,  and  are  never  handled  by 
the  commission  men?  If  so,  are  they  not 
obtaining  money  under  false  pretenses? 

Maryland.  F.  w. 

Yes ;  large  quantities  of  produce  are  sold 
from  cars  and  docks,  but  in  many  cases  the 
sales  are  made,  delivered,  the  delivery  be¬ 
ing  a  concession  given  the  buyer,  and  equiv¬ 
alent  to  a  cut  in  price.  No  doubt  there 
are  dishonest  commission  men  who  take  ad¬ 
vantage  of  this  custom,  and  charge  the 
shipper  cartage  when  they  have  no  right  to, 
but  it  would  be  hard  to  prove  this  unless  a 
witness  were  on  hand,  and  the  commission 
man’s  book  entries  can  easily  be  made  so 
that  no  crookedness  shows.  This  cartage 
item  puzzles  a  good  many  people  who  do 
not  understand  labor  conditions  at  the 
Port  of  New  York.  The  truckmen’s  and 
various  freight  handlers’  labor  unions  dom¬ 
inate  this  situation  absolutely.  They  have 
made  schedules  of  prices  that  must  be 
charged  for  handling  and  hauling'  various 
articles,  and  the  commission  men  are 
obliged  to  charge  their  customers  these 
prices  or  run  the  risk  of  a  strike  or  tie-up. 
The  unions  demand  access  to  the  commission 
men’s  books,  where  they  suspect  that  the 
cartage  has  not  been  charged.  Some  dodge 
the  rules  and  escape,  hut  most  people  do 
not  relish  a  row  with .  these  unions. 


THERE  is  great  warmth 
and  comfort  in  the  thick, 
soft  Lambsdown  fleece 

— there  is  two  seasons’  service  in 
every  garment. 


Fleece-Lined  Underwear 

Lambsdown  is  the  reliable  fleece-lined 
underwear.  It  is  smooth  and  easy  in 
fit  and  keeps  the  body  warm  and  dry. 
Physicians  pronounce  it  the  great 
health  underwear. 

Try  Lambsdown.  It  will  cut  your  underwear 
bills  in  two  and  double  your  comfort. 

For  Men  and  Boys 

At  your  dealer’s.  In  Separate  and  Union 
Garments,  at  50c,  75c  and  up.  Look  for  the 
Bodygard  Shield.  It  is  your  safeguard. 
Write  for  Bodygard  Book  No.  56 

UTICA  KNITTING  CO. 

Utica  New  York 

Makers  of  Bodygard  Underwears, 
including  Vellastic. ,  Twolayr, 
Springtex  and  Airyknit. 


DflYCAHO 


FARMS  WANTED  Fffls 

We  have  a  number  of  earnest  people  with  moder¬ 
ate  means  wishing  to  buy  good,  productive  farms 
costing  between  $2,000  and  $4,000.  with  or  without 
stock,  within  a  radius  of  200  miles  of  New  York 
City.  Ours  is  a  philanthropic  organization,  and  we 
make  no  charge  to  buyer  or  seller.  Rock  bottom 
prices  must  therefore  be  quoted.  Send  for  blank. 
THE  JEWISH  AGRICULTURAL  AND  INDUS¬ 
TRIAL  AID  SOCIETY,  177  Second  Ave.,  New  York. 


New  Facts  on  Hay  Presses 

We  have  just  issued  a  new  Free  book  on 
Presses.  Besides  facts  you  need  to 
know,  it  tells  about 
the  reliable,  reason¬ 
able-priced  Hendricks 
— the  Hay  Press  you 
have  seen  advertised 
for  years,  and  know 
about.  Send  for  it. 

HENDRICKS  HAY  PRESS  CO..  Cornell  ST..  Kingston.  N.Y. 


Jo  Your  Own  Jawing 


with  a  Lauson  Frost  King”  saw 
rig— when  it  suits  you  — in  less 
time,  for  less  money  than  by  hand. 

Then  detach  rig  and.  use  engine  to 
thresh,  cut  ensilage,  grind  feed,  etc.  Will 
soon  pay  for  itself  sawing  wood  for  your¬ 
self  or  neighbors.  After  that  it’s  clear 
gain  and  better  than  money  on  interest. 

LAUSON  “FROST  KING” 

GASOLINE  AND  OIL  ENGINES 

need  little  repair.  So  confident  are  we 
of  this  that  we  offer  to  send  an  expert 
anywhere  at  any  time  that  occasion  demands.  Our 
v  _  expert's  time  is  iree  always.  “Frost 

King”  engines  are  guaranteed  to 
Satisfy  or  money  back.  You  risk 
nothing.  Easy-  starting, 
runs  perfectly  in  any 
weather,  develops  more 
than  rated  power.  Fuel 
consumption  low.  Send 
for  catalog  and  your  deal- 
I  er's  name  now. 


How  to  Judge 
How  to  Buy  -  a 
Gas  Engine 


Gasoline  Engines  are  not  all  alike — 
any  more  than  people.  Find  out 
how  lo  get  the  kind  you  want  ior  a 
working  companion— an  engine 
,  friend— one  that  will  stand  by  you 
in  cold  weather  and  hot— one  that  will  do  its 
full  share  oi  work  and  then  some.  These 
books  will  tell  you. 

Sturdy  Jack 
2  H.  P.  Pumper 

isa24houradayengine.  Runs  from 
sun  to  sun  on  a  gallon  of  gasoline. 

Pumps  a  day’s  ordinary  supply  of 
water  for  one  cent.  Does  all  the 
little  power  jobs  around  the  farm. 

Lightens  the  work  of  every  member 
of  the  family.  Mounted  on  wheel 
truck.  Can  be  moved  to  where 
the  work  is.  Does  not 
have  to  be  propped  up  to 
be  an  engine.  Air-cooled 
or  hopper -cooled. 

Get  catalogue. 

JACOBSON  MACH.  MFG.  CO. 

OopL  0 ,  Warren,  Pa. 


Farm 


WHEN  you  buy  the  old  reliable 
Sta-Rite  Gasoline  Engine,  you 
get  absolute  freedom  from  battery 
troubles  and  expense  Because 
the  Sta-Rite  has  no  batteries. 

Ignition  is  furnished  by  the  mar¬ 
velous  Sta-Rite  Magneto  which 
is  built  right  in  to  and  is  mechan¬ 
ically  a  part  of  the  cylinder 

No  batteries  to  be  renewed 
and  no  loose  connections  to 
stop  the  engine. 


THE  Guaranteed 
S 


The  Sta-Rite  Magneto  has  one  wire 
only  and  throws  a  big  fat  spark  abso¬ 
lutely  regardless  of  speed  of  engine.  And 
you'll  get  the  same  kind  of  spark  in  five 
years  that  you  do  the  first  day  All  the 
Sta-Rite  Engines  (except  the  I'h  and  3V4 
horse  power  si2es)  are  now  equipped  with 
the  Sta-Rite  Magneto  ignition  and  yel 
prices  remain  the  same.  Full  particulars 
6ent  for  the  asking  if  you  mention  this  paper? 


Sta-Rife  is  un¬ 
questionably  the  simplest  ( 
and  strongest  farm  engine  in 

America.  Neat  in  design  and  strictly  high-^^^  grade  thru- 
out  Always  runs  smoothly  Carries  its  load  without  a  murmur. 

Fully  Guaranteed.  Stays  Right,  Year  After  Year 
Because  it  is  Made  Right 

-because  we  positively  will  not  build 
•  cheap  "bargain"  engine 
!.  ,our  dealer  cannot  supply  you. 
write  for  illustrated  folder  show¬ 
ing  the  complete  Sta-Rite  Line. 


Sta-Rite 
Engine  Co. 

La  Crosse,  Wis. 


Arrow  points  to 
Sta-Rite  Magneto 


SEE  whether  your  wife  doesn’t 
agree  that  it’s  unwise  to  keep  on 
paying  wages  for  farm  help, 
when  this  low-priced  Perfection  engine  will 
do  the  work  of  three  hired  men.  This  standard 
Perfection  kerosene  portable  engine  is  built  in  De¬ 
troit  by  experienced  automobile  engineers,  and  along  lines 
Conceded  by  experts  to  be  correct.  The  Perfection  can  be 
operated  on  any  engine  fuel,  but  it  is  the  only  successful  engine 
that  can  be  economically  run  with  ordinary  kerosene.  With  gaso- 
line  prohibitively  priced  (from  6  to  16  cents  more  than  kerosene)  due 
to  the  great  automobile  demand,  you  will  at  once  see  the  saving  this  Per¬ 
fection  engine  is  to  the  thousands  of  owners  all  over  the  world. 

Principle  of  Standard  Perfection  Is  Right 

^  When  we  adopted  our  present  design  of  engine  construction,  we  did  so  with  the  positive 
knowledge  that  we  were  right  in  all  our  convictions — the  Perf ectio  n 
kerosene  portable  farm  engine  is  standard  in  every  particular  and 
detail.  In  theory  and  practice,  this  engine  is  absolutely  correct  and  re¬ 
liable.  The  Perfection  draws  the  kerosene  in  a  light  mist  through  the 
carburetor,  discharges  it  into  the  cylinder  vaporized ?  and  having  the  same 
energy  as  gasoline.  Kerosene  will  start  in  a  cold  cylinder  and  works  fine 
in  a  hat  one.  Try  this  Perfection  engine  FREE  for  15  day*— see  It 
work  with  your  own  eyes — call  on  your  dealer  today  or  write  us  direct 
and  receive  our  big  Free  Engine  Book. 

Free  Information  Bureau  . If  7°?  ar® in  f,oub‘  atlo“‘,tho, kind  of 

-  gineto  buy,  or  the  quantity  of  power  you 

require  for  the  amount  of  work  to  bo  done,  simply  write  your  questions  on  a  post¬ 
card  and  mail  it  to  our  Chief  Consulting  Engineer,  and  your  questions  will  all  be  an¬ 
swered  absolutely  free.  Our  staff  of  mechanical,  marine  and  stationary  engineers 
and  designers  will  tell  you  everything  you  wish  to  know  about  any  engine  made. 

Before  you  buy  any  make  of  engine,  write  for  free  information.  Lctonr  engineers 
tell  you  how  to  make  a  cheap  transmission  lay-out  that  will  help  you  to  run  sev¬ 
eral  m&chifres  at  one  time  with  a.'single  engine.  Address  your  postal  like  this: — 

PKIEF  CONSULTING  ENGINEER,  221  Second  Ave., 


t 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


1007 


SHORT  STORIES. 

Surface  Sowing  of  Lime. 

I  failed  to  get  my  land  lime  In  time  to 
sow  with  my  Alfalfa.  Will  it  do  to  sow 
the  lime  on  the  top  during  the  Winter? 

Kirkvllle,  N.  Y.  j.  b. 

No,  we  should  not  expect  results  from 
such  practice.  The  way  to  use  lime  is  to 
work  it  thoroughly  into  and  all  through  the 
soil.  Spread  on  the  furrows  and  harrow  in. 

Plaster  as  Fertilizer. 

Is  the  plaster  from  the  walls  and  ceil¬ 
ings  of  an  old  house  of  any  value  as  a 
fertilizer?  a. 

It  contains  the  lime  used  in  making  the 
plastering  and  the  hair.  This  latter  con¬ 
tains  a  little  nitrogen,  though  not  very 
available.  Old  plastering  sometimes  car¬ 
ries  a  small  amount  of  nitrate  of  lime. 
Unless  the  plastering  can  be  crushed  line 
and-  broadcast  it  will  not  prove  very  use¬ 
ful.  If  unground  and  as  it  comes  from  the 
ceiling  we  should  pile  it  around  trees  and 
shrubs  as  a  mulch. 

Restoring  Old  Pasture. 

I  have  a  30-acre  field  on  my  farm  in 
New  Jersey  that  has  been  pastured  for 
40  years,  but  is  now  in  weeds.  The  soil 
is  a  clay  loam  filled  with  loose  stones.  It 
would  be  almost  impossible  to  hold  a  plow 
in  the  ground.  Is  there  any  means  by 
which  it  can  be  restored  to  use  as  pas¬ 
ture?  Would  a  Cutaway  disk  harrow  pre¬ 
pare  the  surface  for  sowing  mixed  grasses? 
If  not,  what  can  I  do  with  the  field?  I 
have  thought  of  fruit  trees,  but  if  I  can¬ 
not  plow  it,  would  an  orchard  pay? 

New  York.  "  s.  m. 

You  can  improve  the  pasture  somewhat, 
but  of  course  you  cannot  expect  a  good 
stand  of  grass  without  fitting  the  soil 
properly.  A  disk  harrow  will  chop  up  the 
soil,  and  a  spring-tooth  will  tear  up  the 
lumps  and  fine  them  fairly  well.  You 
could  then  sow  mixed  grasses  and  if  the 
land  is  not  too  sour  expect  a  fair  stand. 
If  the  ledge  of  rock  is  not  too  close  to  the 
surface  such  a  field  might  make  a  good 
apple  or  peach  orchard.  We  know  several 
good  orchards  on  such  land.  They  can  bo 
worked  shallow  with  disk  and  spring-tooth 
or  mulched  with  weeds  or  grass  and  straw 
or  trash  hauled  in  from  outside. 

Icehouses  of  Concrete. 

R.  C.  asks  for  information  regarding 
concrete  icehouses.  Results  depend  on  the 
amount  of  heat  the  material  in  the  walls 
will  conduct.  The  wall  is  used  to  keep 
the  heat  out,  and  should  be  so  built  as  to 
combine  this  quality  with  durability.  Heat 
is  measured  in  units.  A  heat  unit  is  the 
amount  of  heat  required  to  raise  the  tem¬ 
perature  of  one  pound  of  water  or  ice  one 
degree ;  142  heat  units  are  required  to 

change  one  pound  of  ice  at  the  freezing 
point  into  water  at  the  same  temperature. 
The  heat  units  conducted  by  materials  one 
foot  square  and  one  inch  thick,  per  hour, 
are  as  follows:  Stone  or  concrete,  17; 
brick,  5;  pine  wood,  .75;  sawdust  (dry), 
.55  ;  chopped  straw,  .56,  and  confined  air,  .3. 
A  practical  icehouse  could  be  constructed  as 
follows  :  Build  concrete  walls  eight  inches 
thick  and  furr  them  with  2x4-inch  furring 
and  sheathe  with  matched  pine  boards  so 
as  to  leave  a  four-inch  dead-air  space  be¬ 
tween  the  inside  of  the  concrete  wall  and 
the  sheathing.  Make  the  cement  floor,  hav¬ 
ing  a  drain  with  a  trap  in  it  to  prevent 
air  entering  the  house  through  the  drain. 
The  ice  should  be  placed  on  slats  to  give 
good  drainage.  Make  the  roof  of  any  ma¬ 
terial  available,  provided  it  is  airtight.  Tin 
or  tar  paper  are  good.  It  will  pay  to 
sheathe  the  underside  of  the  rafters.  Be 
sure  the  air  spaces  in  the  walls  are  tight 
top  and  bottom  to  prevent  .circulation. 

Mr.  Liverance,  on  page  920,  gives  some 
good  advice  when  he  says  that  dampness  in 
the  wall  injures  it  as  au  insulator  and  that 
good  water  drainage  is  necessary.  The  re¬ 
mainder  of  his  advice  is  exactly  opposite 
to  what  it  should  be.  lie  states  that  “the 
walls  of  an  icehouse  are  not  of  the  greatest 
importance.”  They  are  the  most  important 
part  of  the  building.  The  farmers  men¬ 
tioned  had  ice  for  Summer  use  because  they 
had  a  big  pile  to  start  with,  not  through 
any  real  .merit  in  the  construction  of  the 
so-called  icehouse.  If  you  let  in  the  outer 
air,  why  build  a  wall  at  all?  He  states 
that  ventilation  is  a  requisite  in  a  good  ice¬ 
house.  The  ventilation  is  the  worst  thing 
he  could  provide  unless  he  could  replace 
the  warm  air  with  air  that  is  at  or  below 
the  freezing  point,  which  would  be  out  of 
the  question,  as  the  outside  air  often 
reaches  very  high  temperatures.  The  most 
practical  insulation  is  dead  air  spaces,  and 
to  obtain  these  and  prevent  air  motion  and 
“ventilation”  cold  storage  and  ice  compan¬ 
ies  spend  much  money  in  building  walls 
containing  one,  two  and  three  air  spaces, 
alternated  with  double  sheathing  with  air¬ 
proof  paper  between  and  then  put  double 
doors  in  the  entrance  to  prevent  air  from 
entering.  I  know  whereof  I  speak,  as  I 
have  worked  with  my  father  who  does  this 
kind  of  work  for  one  of  the  leading  ice 
machine  builders  in  Wilmington,  Del.,  and 
others.  it.  b.  g. 

Delaware. 

The  Value  of  Orchard  Trees. 

Query  of  C.  P.  M.  and  reply  to  same,  on 
page  921,  is  of  interest  to  many  persons. 
In  these  days  of  rapid  increase  of  rail¬ 
roads,  especially  interurbans,  many  valu¬ 
able  orchards  are  being  destroyed  for  which 
in  many  cases  a  mere  nominal  sum  is  paid. 
Three  years  ago  au  interurban  was  built 
across  my  land,  requiring  the  cutting  down 
of  about  20  fruit  trees  from  three  to  10 
years  old.  The  proposition  first  made  by 
the  company  would  not  have  given  me  more 
than  $50  for  them,  but  this  was  rejected 
and  they  paid  $300.  Had  I  to  do  this  over 
again  they  would  have  paid  $500.  A  tree 
one  year  planted  is  worth  $1  for  cost  and 
labor  alone.  Each  subsequent  year  adds  an¬ 
other  dollar  to  its  value,  until  it  reaches  a 
bearing  age,  and  then  its  value  is  governed 
by  the  value  of  the  fruit  it  produces,  such 
value  of  the  fruit  to  be  the  interest  on  the 
value  of  the  tree.  For  instance,  C.  P.  M.’s 
tree  produced  2% -barrels  of  apples,  worth 


say  $5,  then  the  value  of  the  tree  would 
be  a  principal  which  would  give  him  $5  in¬ 
terest  per  year  at  six  per  cent,  or  $83  1.-3. 
But  with  other  varieties  such  as  pear,  plum 
or  cherry,  better  prices  are  paid  for  fruit, 
hence  they  become  more  valuable.  I  have 
Kieffer  pear  trees  that  produce  from  12 
to  15  bushels  every  year  per  tree.  These 
sell  at  $1  per  bushel.  Now  the  real  value 
of  these  trees  is  a  principal  which  will  give 
us  $12  or  $15  in  interest  each  year,  as 
these  pear  trees  are  capital  invested.  On 
that  basis  each  tree  is  worth  $200.  Some 
one  says,  “Yes,  but  the  tree  is  liable  to 
die  at  any  time  and  thus  become  a  loss.” 
True ;  so  may  any  other  investment  be  lost, 
but  remember  not  only  the  tree  but  the 
land  passes  forever  from  your  control,  and 
the  moment  the  company  gets  your  deed  a 
hundred  times  the  amount  they  paid  you 
would  not  repurchase  it  back.  Where  or¬ 
chards  are  being  molested  I  believe  in  hav¬ 
ing  a  sum  paid  for  them  sufficient  to  guar¬ 
antee  to  the  owner  interest  on  their  pro¬ 
ducts  during  a  period  of  his  natural  life; 
hence  I  would  make  the  value  of  the  tree 
the  principal  which  would  create  such  in¬ 
terest  each  year.  J.  H.  haynes. 

Indiana. 

R.  N.-Y. — We  think  this  estimate  too 
high.  Suppose  there  are  50  trees  on  the 
acre.  That  would  mean  $4,000  to  $10,000 
per  acre!  It  costs  something  to  care  for 
these  trees,  and  a  few  years  of  neglect 
would  reduce  their  value  to  little  or  noth¬ 
ing.  Last  week  we  were  in  the  Hitchings 
orchard  near  Syracuse.  A  block  of  Green¬ 
ings  were  loaded  with  fruit,  and  Mr.  Ditch¬ 
ings  said  they  paid  a  large  rate  of  interest 
on  $1,000  per  acre — about  55  trees.  It 
could  not  be  said,  however,  that  any  such 
investment  is  as  stable  as  cash  when  we 
consider  all  danger  from  insects  and  disease" 

Lime  on  Beans. 

Among  the  experiences  reported  by  vari¬ 
ous  farmers  who  are  using  lime,  there  is 
one  who  speaks  of  the  benefit  of  lime  on 
his  bean  crop.  In  addition  to  this,  he 
writes  that  he  has  noticed  a  material  bene¬ 
fit  to  his  wheat  crop  around  the  fruit  trees 
which  he  sjprayed  with  lime ;  that  where- 
ever  the  spray  lodged  on  the  wheat  it 
showed  a  decidedly  beneficial  effect.  He 
says  “It  was  ranker  growth  and  free  from 
insects.”  Can  you  trace  the  connection? 
In  other  words,  do  you  think  a  lime  spray 
on  grain  could  be  of  any  use?  Have  there 
been  any  experiments  along  this  line? 

New  York.  f.  e. 

As  a  rule  we  do  not  think  field  beans 
respond  directly  to  lime  unles  the  land  is 
very  sour.  Probably  the  spray  was  lime- 
sulphur  mixture.  This  would  not  be  like¬ 
ly  to  fertilize  the  wheat,  but  might  give 
it  a  rank,  healthy  growth  by  destroying 
insects  or  germs  of  smut,  rust  or  other 
diseases. 


The  president  of  the  Northern  Nut  Grow¬ 
ers’  Association,  Dr.  Robert  T.  Morris  of 
New  York  City,  is  offering  prizes  for  the 
best  samples  of  native  and  foreign  nuts 
grown  in  the  Northern  United  States.  Each 
sample  is  to  consist  of  12  nuts  from  one 
tree,  accompanied  by  a  description  of  the 
tree  and  some  notes  on  its  history  so  far  as 
available.  The  prizes  are  $2  for  first  and 
$1  for  second.  The  nuts  desired  are  shag- 
bark,  shellbark,  pecan,  black  walnut,  butter¬ 
nut,  hazel,  chinquapin  and  Persian  walnut. 
Full  particulars  may  be  obtained  by  ad¬ 
dressing  Dr.  Robert  T.  Morris,  616  Madison 
avenue.  New  York  City.  All  packages  of 
nuts  are  to  be  forwarded  to  Prof.  John 
Craig,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y., 
where  they  will  be  received,  recorded  and 
judged  at  time  of  the  Northern  Nut  Grow¬ 
ers’  Convention  in  Ithaca  early  in  December. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


A  FINE  NIGHT-CAP 

Tile  Best  Thing  in  the  World  to  go  to 
Bed  and  Sleep  on. 


“My  wife  and  I  find  that  4  teaspoon¬ 
fuls  of  Grape-Nuts  and  a  cup  of  hot 
milk,  or  some  cream,  with  it,  makes  the 
finest  night-cap  in  the  world,”  says  an 
Alleghany,  Pa.,  man. 

“We  go  to  sleep  as  soon  as  we  strike 
the  bed,  and  slumber  like  babies  till 
rising  time  in  the  morning. 

“It  is  about  3  years  now  since  we  be¬ 
gan  to  use  Grape-Nuts  food,  and  we 
always  have  it  for  breakfast  and  before 
retiring  and  sometimes  for  lunch.  I  was 
so  sick  from  what  the  doctors  called  acute 
indigestion  and  brain  fag  before  I  began 
to  use  Grape-Nuts  that  I  could  neither 
eat,  sleep  nor  work  with  any  comfort. 

“I  was  afflicted  at  the  same  time  with 
the  most  intense  pains,  accompanied  by  a 
racking  headache  and  backache,  every 
time  I  tried  to  eat  anything.  Notwith¬ 
standing  an  unusual  pressure  from  my 
professional  duties,  I  was  compelled  for 
a  time  to  give  up  my  work  altogether. 

“Then  I  nut  myself  on  a  diet  of  Grape- 
Nuts  and  cream  alone,  with  an  occasional 
cup  of  Posttim  as  a  runner-up,  and  some¬ 
times  a  little  dry  toast.  I  assure  you 
that  in  less  than  a  week  I  felt  like  a  new 
man ;  I  had  gained  six  pounds  in  weight, 
could  sleep  well  and  think  well. 

“The  good  work  went  on,  and  I  was 
soon  ready  to  return  to  business,  and 
have  been  hard  at  it,  and  enjoying  it 
ever  since. 

“Command  me  at  any  time  any  one 
enquires  as  to  the  merits  of  Grape-Nuts. 
You  will  find  me  always  ready  to  tes¬ 
tify.”  Name  given  by  Postum  Co.,  Bat¬ 
tle  Creek,  Mich. 

Read  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs.  “There’s  a  reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


WW  Composed  of  solid 
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f  and  Trinidad  Lake 
Asphalt,  this  ready  roof¬ 
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It  is  all  mineral. 

Contains  no  peris  hable 
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Roofed  with  J-M  Asbestos  Roofing 


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It  is  the  result  of  over  half  a  century’s  experience  ia  the 
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Sold  direct  if  your  dealer  won’t  supply  you.  A 

Write  our  nearest  branch  for  samples 
Asbestos  Rock 


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and  Book  T-48 


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Manufacturers  of 
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Asbestos  Roofings. 
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Here  are  a  number  of  the  special  books  we 
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1  Paints 

2  Pianos 

3  Organs 

4  Trunks 
0  Roofing 

6  Vehicles 

7  Furniture 

8  Incubators 

9  Wall  Paper 

10  Typewriters 

11  Grocery  List 

12  Peed  Cookers 

13  Tank  Heaters 

14  Wire  Fencing 
10  Carpets,  Rugs 
16  Building  Plans 


17  Baby  Carriages 

18  Men’s  Fur  Coats 

19  Sewing  Machines 

20  Gasoline  Engines 

21  Cream  Separators 

22  Building  Material 

23  Stoves  and  Ranges 

24  Underwear  Samples 
20  Automobile  Supplies 

26  Bicycles— Motorcycles 

27  Baby's  Dress  and  Toilet 

28  Women’s  Tailored  Suits 

30  Women's  Fashion  Book 

31  Raincoats— Mackintoshes 

33  Men's  Clothing 

34  Women's  Furs 


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the  nature  of  the  contents.  Pick  out  the  book  or 
books  that  interest  you.  write  their  number  in  the 
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1008 


THE  KURAH  NEW-YORKER 


Hope  Farm  Notes 

On  September  26  we  tried  our  new 
primary  election  law  in  New  Jersey. 
Ten  days  before  each  voter  received  by 
mail  samples  of  the  ballots  to  be  used 
at  this  election.  These  samples  could 
not  be  voted,  but  were  to  enable  the 
voter  to  see  who  the  candidates  were 
and  look  them  up  if  need  be.  In  order 
that  we  may  understand  this  ballot  sys¬ 
tem  I  will  give  photographs  of  part  of 
the  ballots  sent  to  me.  There  were  13 
names  in  all — these  are  only  the  candi¬ 
dates  for  the  Assembly.  Our  county 
has  three,  and  they  are  elected  each 
year.  There  were,  as  we  see,  seven  can¬ 
didates  on  the  Democratic  ticket : 


Mark  a  cross  X  in  the  square  at  the  right  of 
the  name  of  the  person  for  whom  you  wish  to 
vote. 


For  Member  of  General  Assembly.  Vote  for  three. 


CHAKi.es  O'Connor  Hknnessy 

For-Woodrow 
■  Wilson’s  Progres- 

William  H.  Hinners  » 

John  Van  Buss  cm 

sive  Policies  " 

Eomund  M.  Grimes.  “  Railroads 

taxed  at  local  rates" 

Isaac  A.  Hopper 

Albert  L.  Sachti.eben 

rt - - - - - ■ - 

FuroEBicK  V.  Watson 


Tire  Republicans  had  six  candidates. 
Some  of  these  men  announced  what 
they  stood  for — others  said  nothing: 


Mark  a  cross  X  tn  the  square  at  the  right  of 
the  name  of  the  person  for  whom  ‘you  wish  to 
vote. 


For  Member  of  General  Assembly.  Vote  for  three. 


William  E.  Ogden  'I 

— - -  i  “  Lower  taxes.*' 

Frank  M.  Stevens  |  **  Justice  to  Bergen 

- -  j  County.” 

Van  Vorst  Wells  j 


i _ 


Joseph  W.  Beebe 
Roy  M.  Robixsox  j 
Louis  E.  Vas  Norman  j 


“  Progressive  Republicans  " 
"  Lower  Commutation  " 

“  Cheaper  Utilities  " 


The  political  parties  had  what  they 
called  “conferences”  before  the  primary 
and  selected  three  candidates  to  repre¬ 
sent  them.  These  are  the  first  three  on 
each  ticket.  The  others  were  put  on  by 
petition.  On  both  sides  the  three  “se¬ 
lected”  candidates  were  nominated,  but 
the  others  gave  them  a  good  run.  About 
40  per  cent  of  the  total  vote  was  polled, 
and  the  election  was  precisely  like  any 
other  in  form  and  character. 

This  is  the  first  time  we  have  tried  a 


real  primary  election  in  New  Jersey. 
You  cannot  expect  people  to  know  just 
how  to  handle  a  new  tool  the  first  time 
they  take  it  up,  but  I  believe  we  have  in 
this  law  what  we  have  long  been  work¬ 
ing  for.  I  think  the  candidates  are  as 
a  whole  stronger  than  could  have  been 
selected  by  the  old  convention  system. 
You  may  say  that  only  40  per  cent  of 
the  voters  came  out,  but  under  the  old 
caucus  system  barely  five  per  cent  would 
have  had  anything  to  say.  I  have  been 
to  a  caucus  where  four  men  met  and 
elected  three  of  their  number  as  “dele¬ 
gates.”  In  this  election  there  was  prac¬ 
tically  nothing  at  issue  beyond  general 
questions.  The  candidates  made  no  per¬ 
sonal  canvass  and  no  definite  issue  was 
stated.  When  it  comes  to  selecting  can¬ 
didates  for  Governor  or  Congress,  or 
for  delegates  to  nominate  a  President, 
you  will  see  the  power  of  this  primary 
ballot  used  with  great  effect.  It  is  safe 
to  say  that  in  every  county  of  New  Jer¬ 
sey  there  is  an  active  political  volcano. 
The  politicians  can  keep  it  covered  for 
a  time,  but  definite  issues  are  coming 
up  to  set  the  fire  roaring,  and  then  the 
politicians  will  be  roasted  out.  Of 
course  there  will  be  people  to  say  that 
the  primary  election  law  proved  a  fail¬ 
ure.  Pay  no  attention  to  them.  The 
law  is  a  good  one,  and  after  a  few 
trials  we  shall  know  just  how  to  use  it. 

Farm  Partnerships. — Here  is  an¬ 
other  of  those  propositions  to  unite  labor 
and  capital : 

Which  would  he  the  best  way  for  us  to 
run  a  200-acre  farm  on  shares?  There  is  a 
rich  man  with  the  farm  and  money.  I 
have  3  5  head  of  cattle  and  experience.  On 
what  basis  could  I  take  the  farm  :  I  mean 
what  per  cent  coulft  he  expect  from  the 
net  income?  The  farm  is  on  the  market 
for  $25,000.  b.  p. 

A  little  thought  will  show  how  im¬ 
possible  it  is  to  answer  such  a  question. 


The  usual  plan  is  to  consider  that  land, 
labor  and  capital  represent  equal  shares. 
If  one  man  puts  up  a  good  farm  and 
the  other  provides  the  labor  they  each 
take  one-third,  dividing  the  other  third 
in  proportion  as  they  pay  for  stock, 
tools,  feed,  fertilizer  or  equipment.  The 
average  rich  man  with  a  $25,000  farm 
is  usually  thankful  when  he  does  not 
lose  10%  of  his  investment  annually. 
A  large  share  of  this  value  often  con¬ 
sists  of  lawns  and  a  fine  house  which 
are,  of  course,  of  no  value  for  produc¬ 
tive  purposes.  We  have  known  these 
rich  men  to  have  60  per  cent  of  the 
farm  value  in  these  non-productive  fea¬ 
tures.  House,  lawn  and  show  build¬ 
ings  add  nothing  to  the  annual  income, 
but  make  a  fearful  drain  upon  the  rest 
of  the  farm.  If  this  200-acre  farm  is  a 
practical  one — that  is,  good  land  with 
not  too  expensive  house  and  grounds — 
the  owner  might  fairly  expect  five  per 
cent  on  his  money.  If  the  farm  income 
must  also  support  a  fine  house  and 
grounds  the  owner  should, be  pleased  to 
get  half  that.  We  have  seen  a  good 
many  back-to-the-landers  go  to  smash 
and  some  rich  men  growl  at  farming 
because  they  started  out  on  a  plan  that 
was  top-heavy  with  ornament.  If  we 
knew  more  about  this  farm  we  might 
give  better  advice,  but  in  any  event  do 
not  make  any  contract  to  keep  up  fine 
grounds  or  pay  interest  on  them  out  of 
He  proceeds  from  ordinary  farming. 

Farm  and  Home. — It  i  s  the  Hon. 
John  Frost  this  year,  for  he  has  kept 
away  at  a  dignified  distance  from  us 
thus  far.  Old  “Jack  Frost”  gets  in 
early  and  spoils  things,  but  the  Hon. 
John  has  been  very  decent  thus  far. 
That  buckwheat  is  about  ready  to  cut. 
The  Brussels  sprouts  are  slow,  but  frost 
does  not  hurt  them  greatly.  The  onions 
are  still  growing;  in  fact,  Hope  Farm 
took  a  new  lease  of  life  through  Sep¬ 
tember.  During  the  drought  the  straw¬ 
berries  made  few  runners,  but  how 
they  have  started  since  the  rains  came ! 
In  former  years  we  have  cut  all  these 
runners  off,  but  there  is  such  a  demand 
for  plants  that  we  have  let  most  of  them 
go.  They  will  make  fine  layer  plants 
next  year,  and  while  this  work  cuts 


down  the  crop  of  berries,  the  plants 
will  be  about  as  profitable.  .  .  .We 
are  taking  off  the  Greening  apples  as  fast 
as  the  weather  lets  us  work.  The 
Greening  does  not  keep  well  with  us, 
so  our  crop  will  be  sold  as  fast  as  it 
colors  properly.  My  information  is  that 
the  Greening  crop  in  New  York  is  far 
ahead  of  anything  on  record.  “Bulk” 
shipments  will  soon  begin — that  is,  car¬ 
load  lots  sent  like  potatoes  without 
barrels  or  sacks.  The  hucksters  buy 
these  cheap  and  peddle  them  in  all  the 
villages  within  25  miles  of  New  York. 

.  .  .  When  I  planted  my  orchard  the 
“authorities”  told  me  not  to  touch 
Northern  opy.  They  said  it  would  not 
produce  good  fruit  in  our  locality.  I 
believed  them  and  did  not  plant.  There 
were  four  young  trees  of  Spy  on  the 
farm.  This  year  they  have  come  in 
bearing,  and  the  fruit  is  very  fine.  I 
have  rarely  seen  better  even  in  northern 
New  York.  The  more  you  look  into  it 
the  harder  this  matter  of  selecting  va¬ 
rieties  becomes.  It  is  pretty  much  the 
foundation  of  the  fruit  business  because, 
without  doubt,  some  varieties  are  pecu¬ 
liarly  adopted  to  certain  soils  and  loca¬ 
tions.  These  are  the  ones  to  select,  but 
how  can  a  man  find  out?  ...  If 
you  were  to  go  around  behind  our 
house  right  now  you  would  find  a  col¬ 
lection  of  tin  cans  and  old  pots  half 
filled  with  water.  These  contain  the 
fish  which  our  little  boys  catch  in  the 
brook.  These  fish  may  be  two  to  three 
inches  long,  but  they  are  far  too  prec¬ 
ious  to  throw  away.  So  the  boys  are 
“raising”  them  until  they  are  large 
enough  to  kill  and  eat.  Every  after¬ 
noon  when  their  chores  are  done  these 
boys  go  down  to  the  brook  which 
washes  the  eastern  end  of  the  farm  and 
then  there  are  two  hours  of  perfect 
happiness.  It  is  easy  to  bring  back  a 
two-inch  fish  and  tell  about  the  three- 
foot  eel  or  the  two-pound  perch  that 
“got  away.”  There  are  certain  habits 
of  mankind  that  appear  to  be  as  fixed 
as  the  bones  in  the  body.  One  is  this 
thing  of  telling  about  the  fish  that  “got 
away.”  I  wish  that  I  could  get  half  the 
fun  and  excitement  out  of  the  largest 
thing  I  knew  that  these  little  scamps  do 
out  of  a  two-inch  fish.  H.  w.  c. 


October  14, 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


LOOMIS  CORN  HUSKER 


Run  by  3  H.  P. 
Husk  23  bushels 
an  hour. 

Price  on  application. 

L.  R.  LOOMIS 

Claverack,  N.  Y. 


Tile  Your  Farm  With  a 

Cyclone  Ditching  Machine 

O  AVE  its  coSt  in  ten  days’  operation. 
^  This  is  a  big  claim ;  make  us  prove  it 
before  you  settle  for  the  machine. 

We  guarantee  300  rods  of  ditch  per  day 
with  six  horses. 

One  customer  writes  :  “  Saved 
its  cost  in  a  few  days;”  another, 

“Saved  $45  to  $60  per  day;” 
another,  ‘‘Saved  $100  in  four 
days;”  another,  “Saved  $200  in 
tiling  12  acres.” 

It  will  do  the  same  for  you.  Don’t  delay — 
don’t  wait  for  contractors — do  your  own  tiling. 
Write  today  for  catalog 

The  Jeschke  Manufacturing  Co. 
Box  113,  Bellevue,  Ohio 


IRfl  Farms  FOR  SAT,E  CHKAP*  in  fertile 
IJU  I  U I  III O  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horaok  <4.  Rkkdkii,  Newtown,  Pa. 


$15 

for  this 
genuine 


Victor- V ictr  ola 


Victor-Victrola  IV,  $15 

Equipped  with  all  the  latest  Victor  improvements,  including  Exhibition  sound  box, 
tapering  arm,  “goose-neck”,  ten-inch  turntable  and  concealed  sound-amplifying  features 


The  fact  that  this  instrument  bears  the  famous  Victor  trademark  and 


is  a  genuine  Victor-Victrola  guarantees  to  you  the  same  high  quality  and 
standard  of  excellence  so  well  established  and  recognized  in  all  products  of 
the  Victor  Company. 

There  is  no  reason  on  earth  why  you  should  hesitate  another  moment 
in  placing  this  greatest  of  all  musical  instruments  in  your  home. 


All  we  ask  is  that  you  go  to  any  music  store  and 
hear  this  new  Victor-Victrola. 

If  you  don’t  know  who  the  Victor  dealer  is  iij  yom  locality,  write  us  and 
we’ll  tell  you.  We  will  also  send  you  the  handsome  illustrated  Victor  Record 
catalog — then  you  can  pick  out  any  selections  you  want  to  hear  and  he  will  gladly 
play  them  for  you. 

Victor  Talking  Machine  Co.,  ZOth  and  Cooper  Sts.,  Camden,  N.  J. 

Berliner  Gramophone  Co.,  Montreal,  Canadian  Distributors 

Other  styles  of  the  Victor-Victrola  $50,  $75,  $100,  $150,  $200,  $250. 
Victors  $10  to  $100. 


1913. 


THE  RUR.AI>  NEW-YORKER 


1009 


Ruralisms 


PLUMS  IN  SOUTHEAST  MISSOURI. 

For  the  first  time  in  years  plums  have 
proved  themselves  a  profitable  crop  on 
this  local  market.  This  appears  to  be 
owing  chiefly  to  two  things ;  the  general 
increase  in  prices,  and  the  increasing 
demand  of  the  market.  The  drought 
cut  short  the  berry  crop,  and  a  short 
supply  and  high  prices  left  the  pantries 
without  much  store  of  Winter  fruit. 
As  plums  came  on  the  market  the 
housewife  saw  her  opportunity  to  re¬ 
pair  some  of  the  shortage  and  forthwith 
became  a  liberal  buyer.  This  time 
plums  did  not  pour  into  town  from 
thickets  of  Chickasaws  and  sell  for 


MILTON  PLUM  (natural  size).  Fig.  403. 

whatever  bid  was  forthcoming.  Al¬ 
though  the  fruit  was  by  no  means  a 
failure,  the  demand  showed  conclu¬ 
sively  that  there  was  no  oversupply. 
From  first  to  last  the  demand  came  in 
steady  and  persistent  and  with  little 
cavilling  at  prices  asked.  Fortunate  I 
counted  ourselves  that  we  were  blessed 
with  the  largest  crop  the  trees  ever  pro¬ 
duced;  not  the  largest  that  some  varie¬ 
ties  had  produced,  but  the  largest  they 
had  all  ever  yielded  at  one  time.  Sales 
began  at  25  cents  per  gallon,  dropped  to 
20  cents  for  the  main  crop  and  finished 
up  at  17^4  and  15.  It  was  a  pleasure  to 
sell  plums.  For  one  thing  we  felt  that 
customers  were  getting  good  value  for 


McCartney  plumcnatuual  size;.  Fig.  404 

their  money  out  of  a  fruit  with  no  waste 
beyond  the  seed,  and  the  fruit  was 
picked  and  handled  at  a  minimum  of 
cost  and  attention.  Most  of  the  picking 
was  done  by  boys,  who  worked  for  half 
a  man’s  wages,  and  there  was  little  to 
see  to  except  that  the  measure  was  cor¬ 
rect.  There  was  little  spraying  to  be 
done,  for  the  drought  effectually  locked 
the  door  on  the  rot.  We  sprayed  only 
once  with  Bordeaux,  and  it  was  appar¬ 
ent  that  nothing  further  on  our  pare 
was  necessary.  There  was  a  little  spo¬ 
radic  rot,  but  the  total  was  insignificant. 

Clifford  Plum. — Our  leader  this 

year  was  the  Clifford  plum,  originating 


CLIFFORD  PLUM.  Fig.  405. 

in  Texas,  and  a  seeding  of  the  Wild 
Goose.  It  has  qualities  quite  singular 
to  it  alone.  It  is  as  large  as  the  Wild 
Goose,  sometimes  larger.  It  is  hand¬ 
somer.  A  heavy  bloom  dulls  its  hue, 
but  when  this  is  rubbed  off  it  fairly 
glows  in  a  lustrous  red  set  with  minute 
specks.  Its  form  is  peculiar,  being 
slightly  necked  or  pear  shaped.  It  is 
uncommonly  aromatic  and  has  a  flavor 
quite  individual.  When  fully  colored  it 
drops  from  the  tree,  but  does  not  soften 
and  acquire  full  sweetness  till  over 
night.  With  a  carpet  of  grass  under 
the  tree  there  was  nothing  to  do  but 


pick  up  the  fallen  plums;  no  ladders 
and  tree  picking  required.  I  must  say 
of  this  plum  that  it  has  not  been  a  reg¬ 
ular  bearer,  but  overly  rich  soil  may 
have  had  an  influence.  It  is  later  than 
the  Wild  Goose,  and  should  be  a  val¬ 
uable  market  plum.  The  tree  is  of  a 
spreading  habit  with  attractive  foliage 
and  grows  quite  large. 

Milton. — Considering  all  its  qualities 
I  should  put  the  Milton  at  the  head  of 
all  the  native  varieties  for  profit.  This 
plum  begins  to  ripen  a  little  ahead  of 
the  Wild  Goose  and  is  quite  distinct 
in  size,  color  and  flavor.  It  is  resistant 
to  the  rot,  one  spraying  having  always 
been  sufficient  here.  It  is  also  immune 
to  the  curculio,  a  wormy  specimen  be¬ 
ing  hard  to  find.  It  is  not  as  brilliant 
in  hue  as  the  Clifford  or  Wild  Goose, 
and  only  about  two-thirds  as  large,  but 
it  excels  all  other  kinds  here  in  its  per¬ 
sistence  to  the  tree  and  in  its  keeping 
qualities.  Only  a  few  plums  fall  when 
ripe;  the  bulk  of  them  hang  on  for  days 
and  days,  until  they  literally  begin  to 
wither  and  dry  up,  as  I  have  seen  large 
plums  do  in  the  dry  air  of  Colorado. 
Another  valuable  characteristic  is  its 
habit  of  regular  bearing,  a  crop  always 
setting  when  frosts  permit  any  plums 
at  all.  The  skin  is  so  tough  that  it 
makes  a  splendid  shipper  and  it  has 
little  of  the  watery  texture  of  the  Wild 
Goose.  In  flavor  it  is  one  of  the  sweet¬ 
est,  but  I  did  not  like  it  as  well  as 
some  others,  though  opinions  here  dif¬ 
fered.  The  tree  does  not  grow  large 
tut  bears  young  and  abundantly. 

Other  Plums. — The  varieties  here 
formed  a  perfect  succession  here  this 
year.  First  there  was  the  Earliest  of 
All,  a  Japan,  then  a  fine  yellow  sort 
from  Texas,  the  McCartney,  then  the 
Milton,  Munson,  Wild  Goose,  Clifford, 
Gonzales,  local  Goose  seedlings  and  fin¬ 
ally  the  Newman,  whose  last  fruit  we 
picked  during  the  first  week  in  Septem¬ 
ber.  As  the  Earliest  came  on  in  June, 
this  made  an  uninterrupted  succession 
of  some  10  weeks.  All  these  kinds 
have  made  good  here,  including  the 
Japanese  Red  June,  Abundance  and 
Ogon.  At  the  foot  of  the  list  for  mar¬ 
ket  sorts  I  should  put  the  Munson  and 
McCartney.  The  latter  is  as  large  as 
Wild  Goose  and  a  beautiful  golden  hue 
of  yellow,  with  a  specially  attractive 
flavor.  When  fully  ripe  it  soon  goes 
to  pieces,  but  the  proper  way  is  to  pick 
it  just  as  it  shows  the  first  color  and  it 
will  ripen  perfectly.  Yellow  plums, 
however,  are  at  a  discount  on  the  mar¬ 
ket  and  cannot  compete  with  the  reds. 
The  Munson  is  about  as  early  as  Mil- 
ton,  is  larger  and  the  most  profuse 
bearer  on  the  list,  but  the  tree  is  brittle 
and  breaks  to  pieces,  and  the  plums  too 
thin-skinned.  The  brown  thrush  will 
puncture  them  and  then  leave  them  for 
the  bees  to  cluster  over.  They  lack 
color  and  rot  too  easily.  One  thing 
noteworthy  about  plums  is  their  extreme 
variation  in  susceptibility  to  the  cur¬ 
culio  and  rot.  I  have  heard  it  explained 
that  a  certain  quality  of  sap  prevented 
germination  of  the  curculio  egg.  It 
would  ooze  out  of  the  puncture  and 
smother  the  life  germ.  We  know  that 
the  rot  follows  the  curculio  and  obtains 
entrance  through  the  incision  it  makes. 
But  this  does  not  always  follow  in  per¬ 
fect  rotation.  The  Gonzales  and  Dam¬ 
son  are  very  receptive  to  this  insect,  but 
resist  the  rot  to  a  high  degree.  Nor  is 
the  rot  dependent  on  the  curculio  for  its 
ingress.  It  would  appear  that  a  new 
family  of  plums  could  be  built  up  by 
scientific  crossing,  plums  that  would  be 
immune  both  to  the  curculio  and  the 

rot.  L.  R.  JOHNSON. 

Cape  Girardean  Co.,  Mo. 


SPRAY  TREES  NOW 

( While  they  are  dormant) 

With  SCALIME 

A  perfect  concentrated  lime  and  sulphur 
spray  that  has  stood  the  severest  tests  of  the 
experiment  stations.  Strength  guaranteed. 
Being  scientifically  prepared  and  always  uni¬ 
form,  it  is  far  more  effective  than  liomo-mado 
solutions.  Stronger  than  other  brands,  it 
will  stand  more  dilution — therefore  cheaper. 

SCALIME  used  now  will  positively  control  San 
Jose  and  other  scales;  destroy  eggs  of  Aphides 
and  other  pests  that  winter  over  on  twigs  and 
bark,  as  well  as  spores  of  fungus  diseases. 

Sold  by  good  dealers  everywhere.  Write 
for  leaflet  on  Fall  and  Winter  Spraying. 

HORTICULTURAL  CHEMICAL  COMPANY 


Save  Your 
Horses 

Take  them  to  the  stable 
when  their  work  is  finished. 
Nine  times  out  of  ten  you 
would  not  need  to  keep 
them  on  the  road  if  you 
had  a  telephone  in  your 
home.  But 


YOUR  TELEPHONE  IS  A 


Western 'Eketrfc 

trad*  MARK 

Rural  Telephone 

— the  most  valuable  of  all  telephones.  They  can  be  depended  upon,  for 
they  stay  in  working  order  without  any  bother  or  worry  on  your  part. 

Insist  upon  having  none  but  Western  Electric  telephones  when 
making  arrangements  for  telephone  service.  You  deserve  the  best 
service — you  get  it  with  Western  Electric  telephones. 

''SAVE  TIME  AND  FREIGHT*- 

Fill  out  the  attached  coupon — mail  to 
our  nearest  house — and  we  will  send 
convincing  information  regarding 
Western  Electric  telephones. 

The  Western  Electric  Company 
Furnishes  Equipment  for 
'mmxii  wrkuret  mp.  Electrical  Heed. 

WESTERN  ELECTRIC  COMPANY 


EVEKV  BELL  miPtWNE  U 


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San  Francisco 

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Buffalo 

Indianapolis 

Manufacturers  of 

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Oakland 

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Cincinnati 

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Denver 

Los  Angeles 

CJ 

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Boston 

Minneapolis 

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Seattle 

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Salt  Lake  City 

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Atlanta 

Milwaukee 

Oklahoma  City 

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Montreal 
Antwerp  London 


Toronto 
Berlin  Paris 


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SURE  CURE  FOR  SAN  JOSE  SCALE 

CHEAPEST  and  BEST 

r  Jarvis  Spraying  Compound  has  no  superior.  Buy 
from  the  manufacturers  direct  and  save  money.  A 
gallon  of  Jarvis  Spraying  Compound  makes  16  gal¬ 
lons  of  spray.  Compound  ready  to  mix  with  water. 

Sola  in  bbl.  lots  (00  gal.),  30c.  per  gallon.  Refer¬ 
ences — J.  H.  Hale,  the  "Peach  King.”  or  Prof. 
Jarvis  of  the  Conn.  Agricultural  College.  They 
will  tell  you  there  is  nothing  better. 

THE  J.  T.  ROBERTSON  CO.,  Box  W.  MANCHESTER,  CONN, 


MONEY  CANNOT  BUY 
A  BETTER  SPRAYER 

'T'HEDEYO  POWER  SPRAYER  is  ready 
to  use  when  it  arrives  at  your  station. 
There  is  nothing'  to  buy  but  your  spray 
mixture  and  gasoline.  Every  part  guar¬ 
anteed  for  one  year. 

Write  for  Bulletin  3-C 
DEYO-MACEY  ENGINE  CO. 
BINGHAMTON,  N.  Y. 


'SELF-RAISING  GATES 

raise  themselves— you  don’t  have  to 
1  lift  them  up.  They  spring  up  free 
and  clear  the  moment'they  are  un¬ 
latched.  No  more  sagging,  dragging, 
cumbersome,  unwieldy  gates. 

PEERLESS  GATES 

are  perfectly  reliable  — they  always 
work— no  springs  or  toggle  to  get  out  of 
order.  Pilled  with  the  famous  Peerless 
fencing  of  all  No.  9  wire,  crossbars  6 
inches  apart;  a  heavier  filling  than  is 
used  on  any  other  gate  made. 

Every  part  heavily  galvanized.  Cost 
no  more  than  the  common  kind,  and 
you  get  your  moneys  worth  of  gate. 

Your  dealer  caa  supply  you.  If  he  will  Dot, 
write  us  direct. 

Peerless  Wire  Fence  Co.  JI&Emn* 


“No  Hunting” 
Signs  FREE 


I  want  to  send  every  Farmer 
reader  of  this  paper  enough 
fine,  large,  “No  Hunting1* 
signs  to  cover  his  whole  farm 


All  I  ask  in  return  for  this 
favor  is  your  name,  address 
and  the  number  and  kind 
of  farm  gates  you  are  now 
using.  Then  I  want  to 
send  you  my  Special  Money 
Saving  1912  Proposition  on 


Iowa  Farm  Gates 


You  will  be  under  no  obligation  to  me!  re¬ 
member,  by  accepting  the  Free  “No  Hunting’* 
Signs.  I  Want  you  to  have  them,  anyway. 
Later,  I  want  a  chance  to  convince  you — as  I 
have  thousands  of  farmers— that  I  can  save 
you  $50  to  $250— at  least  $10  on  every  gate  you 
buy  from  me.  I  can  do  it  all  right ! 


But  don’t  bother  about  that  right  now- 
just  send  for  your  signs  and  tell  me  how 
many  and  what  kind  of  gates  (wood  or  metal, 
etc.)  you  now  have  on  your  farm. 

AS  I  have  only  10,000  of  these  signs,  it 
might  be  a  good  thing  to  let  me  hear  from 
you  right  away.  I  don’t  want  to  disappoint 
any  of  my  Farmer  Friends,  If  I  can  help  It. 
Address  me  personally—  * 


JOSEPH  B.  CLAY.  Manager 


KITSELMAM  FENCE 


Sold  direct  to  you  at  factory 
prices  on  30  day.  trial.  Save 
the  dealers  profit  Farm,  Hog 
and  Poultry  Fence  at  from 

1  1  H  CENTS  A  ROD  UP. 

All  wlreBare  heavily  galvanized 
80  rod  spool  of  Ideal  galvanized 
Barbed  Wire  01-66.  Write 
today  for  large  free  Catalogue  showing 
15  different  sty  les  and  helgbtsof  fencing. 

Box  230  KITSELMAN  BROS.  MUNCIE,  IND. 


CPM  p  For  Lawns,  Churches,  Cemeteries,  Pub- 
rbllVb  lie  Grounds.  100  Patterns.  Write  for 
special  offer  and  our  free  handsome  Pattern  Book. 

THE  WARD  FENCE  CO..  Box  94S  Decatur,  Ind. 


131  S.  Fourth  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa, 


VILLAGE  TRUCK  FARM — 24  acres— excellent  market, 
good  buildings:  early,  rich  soil;  opportunity  for 
greenhouse;  $6,000.  Crystal  Springs  Farm,  Union,  N.  Y. 


FfiR  Q  A I  E— If  y°u  want  the  best  farms  for  the 
i  uii  OnLL  money,  send  for  our  large  free  catalog. 
HALL’S  FARM  AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  Co..  N.Y. 


FARMQ  Circular  free.  Dept.  151,  Beland’s 
I  HIIIVIO  Farm  Agency,  31  Milk  St.,  Boston 


Virginia 

Farms 


Buy  a  farm  in  Virginia.  We  have 
many  excellent  bargains  in  Grain, 
Stock,  Fruit,  Trucking  and  Poultry 
Farms.  Write  for  list,  describing 
kind  of  farm  you  want. 

VENABLE  &  FORD  .  .  .  LYNCHBURG,  YA. 


DISTINCT 

FUNGICIDAL 

PROPERTIES 


Circular  No.  7  of  the  Virginia  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  March,  1910,  speaking  of  San  Jose  scale,  says:  “Tha 
Lime-Sulfur  Wash,  either  home-made  or  commercial,  and  the  soluble  oil  sprays  are  the  most  satisfactory  remedies  for 
this  pest.  The  soluble  oil  sprays,  either  home-made  or  commercial,  are  probably  best  for  treating  the  apple,  because 
the  oil  spreads  better  on  the  downy  twigs  of  the  apple.”  “Scalecide”  is  the  acknowledged  leader  of  all  soluble  oils— the 
only  one  containing  distinct  fungicidal  properties;  standing  the  test  for  the  past  six  years  on  all  kinds  of  fruit  trees. 
“Scalecide”  has  no  substitute.  There  are  other  reasons.  A  postal  request  to  Dept.  N  will  bring  you  by  return  mail, 
free,  our  book,  “Modern  Methods  of  Harvesting,  Grading  and  Packing  Apples  ”  and  new  booklet,  “SCALECIDE,  the 
Tree-Saver.”  If  your  dealer  cannot  supply  you  with  “SCALECIDE”  we  will  deliver  it  to  any  It.  R.  Station  in  the  United 
States  east  of  the  Mississippi  and  north  of  the  Ohio  Rivers  on  receipt  of  the  price;  50-gal.  bbls.,  $25.00  ;  30-gal.  bbls,  $10.00: 
10-gal.  cans,  $6.75;  5-gal.  cans,  $3.75.  Address,  B.  G.  PRATT  CO.,  50  Church  Street,  New  York  City. 


iOlO 

The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  lor  Country  anil  Suburban  Home* 

Established  fSSO 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 

Herbert  W.  Coluxowood,  President  and  Editor. 

John  J.  DILLON,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  P.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Royle,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

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Entered  at  Neiv  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  BO  cents  per  agate  line — 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 

References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  us  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  t-i  fling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  bo 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  i  lentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 

TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
30  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

« 

The  time  has  come  for  the  Apple  Consumers’ 
League  to  rally  once  more.  There  is  a  great  crop  of 
Greening  apples  in  New  York  State,  and  they  should 
be  eaten  up  quickly  to  make  room  for  the  red  Winter 
fruit.  If  apple  eaters  will  get  busy  and  “call  for 
apple”  they  can  make  such  a  demand  that  all  this 
fruit  can  be  handled  at  a  fair  price.  We  have  not 
urged  apple  eaters  to  exert  themselves  for  some  time, 
for  prices  were  high  and  good  fruit  scarce.  Now  is 
the  time  to  “apple  up.”  Your  country  needs  your 
services,  gentlemen.  “Five  apples  per  day”  is  the 
watchword.  APPLE  UP! 

* 

The  Department  of  Agriculture  issues  a  pamphlet 
on  “Crop  Plants  for  Paper  Making.”  Five  different 
kinds  of  paper  are  used  in  this  pamphlet.  They  are 
made  from  shredded  cornstalks,  cotton  hull  fibre, 
broom  cornstalks,  rice  straw,  poplar  wood  in  various 
combinations.  This  paper  compares  well  with  that 
used  in  other  Government  publications.  There  are 
a  dozen  or  so  crops  which  can  be  used  to  make  paper 
when  the  price  of  wood  pulp  goes  too  high.  The 
Department  is  now  looking  ahead  to  that  time  and 
preparing  for  it.  Ordinary  cornstalks  make  good 
paper. 

* 

The  President  of  Bronx  Borough,  which  com¬ 
prises  that  part  of  New  York  City  north  of  the 
Harlem  River,  is  working  out  some  very  practical 
ideas  for  the  improvement  of  market  conditions  in 
his  borough.  He  is  planning  a  distributing  depot 
covering  four  or  five  acres.  It  will  have  a  water 
frontage,  railroad  tracks,  so  that  carload  lots  of  pro¬ 
duce  can  be  run  in,  and  ample  access  to  trucks  and 
grocery  wagons,  as  well  as  auction  rooms  for  the  sale 
of  car  lots  of  produce  when  desired.  These  things 
will  lessen  the  cost  of  handling,  and  should  thus 
eventually  make  food  cheaper  in  the  Bronx. 

* 

On  following  up  the  men  who  are  nominated  for 
the  Assembly  in  the  rural  counties  of  New  York  we 
find  one  sure  thing.  The  talk  about  the  Collin  bill 
has  struck  home.  Farmers  are  talking  about  the 
need  of  fair  protection  when  dealing  with  commission 
men,  and  this  has  reached  the  candidates.  We  know 
also  that  it  has  gone  up  to  Governor  Dix  and  his  ad-* 
visers,  and  is  discussed  by  them.  We  have  the  names 
of  many  Assembly  candidates,  but  perhaps  not  all. 
Will  you  let  us  know  the  names  of  such  candidates 
on  both  sides  in  your  county?  We  will  put  them 
all  on  record  or  make  them  dodge.  This  business  of 
handling  commission  shipments  is  one  of  the  most 
vital  to  our  farmers.  We  must  compel  the  next 
Legislature  to  do  something.  Get  after  your  candi¬ 
dates  at  once  and  ask  them  if  they  will  help  regulate 
commission  men. 

* 

At  the  New  York  State  Fair  a  farmer  gave  us  a 
new  argument  for  Alfalfa.  He  said  his  farm  had 
been  about  exhausted  of  available  plant  food.  Now 
he  had  more  productive  soil  than  ever.  That  was 
because  “Alfalfa  had  found  five  tie zv  farms  below 
the  one  he  had  been  working  ”  The  deep-rooted  Al¬ 
falfa  had  not  only  taken  nitrogen  out  of  the  air,  but 
had  brought  up  from  the  subsoil  plant  food  which 
had  long  been  lost  to  most  farm  crops.  This  plant 
food  went  into  the  stems  and  upper  roots  of  the 
plant  and  was  thus  left  where  other  crops  in  the  ro¬ 
tation  could  make  use  of  it.  Thus  this  farmer  was 
right  in  saying  that  he  now  had  five  farms  instead  of 
one.  Let  an}’-  man  who  has  grown  Alfalfa  long 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

enough  to  go  through  a  full  rotation  tell  you  what 
he  thinks  of  it.  There  will  be  about  the  same  result 
as  if  some  dealer  made  him  a  present  of  a  ton  of 
bran  to  the  acre  or  half  a  ton  of  good  fertilizer! 
Why  not  make  these  farms  below  the  one  you  have 
been  working  help  support  the  family? 

* 

While  reports  vary  it  seems  clear  that  the  apple 
buyers  have  secured  control  of  most  of  the  cold  stor¬ 
age  space  in  Western  New  York.  Thus  they  are,  or 
think  they  are,  in  position  to  dictate  prices.  Thus 
far  they  have  not  offered  a  fair  price  for  Winter 
apples.  True,  the  New  York  crop  of  Fall  apples  and 
Greenings  is  large,  but  of  the  strictly'-  Winter  red 
fruit  there  is  less  than  an  average  crop,  and  prices 
ought  to  be  higher.  Our  opinion  is  that  by  January  1 
there  will  be  no  more  apples  in  storage  than  last 
year,  yet  prices  rule  about  one-third  less  for  Winter 
apples.  Here  we  have  still  further  argument  in 
favor  of  cooperation  among  farmers.  They  will  be 
obliged,  sooner  or  later,  to  control  their  own  storage 
houses  and  handle  their  fruit.  More  of  them  are 
doing  so  this  year  than  ever  before.  The  box  trade 
will  be  heavy,  and  many  are  advertising  and  working 
up  a  direct  trade.  One  man  came  to  the  city  with 
samples  of  his  apples  and  showed  them  as  any 
travelling  agent  would  do.  All  such  things  are  sure 
to  come — it  is  vthe  best  way  to  get  more  of  the  con¬ 
sumer’s  dollar. 

* 

We  wrote  both  Assembly  candidates  in  Tompkins 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  asking  where  they  stood  on  the  Collin 
bill.  Dr.  Miner  McDaniels,  the  present  member,  was 
elected  last  year  by  368  majority.  He  is  recorded  as 
not  voting  on  the  Collin  bill,  and  makes  no  reply  to 
the  question.  The  other  candidate  is  G.  M.  Stoddard, 
of  Groton.  He  says: 

I  was  absent  from  the  State  a  part  of  tlie  past  year 
and  am  not  familiar  with  the  Collin  bill  you  refer  to, 
but  will  say  that  I  am  in  favor  of  a  much  needed  legis¬ 
lation  on  the  subject.  I  am  in  favor  of  some  legislation 
that  will  insure  a  return  for  produce  shipped  to  commis¬ 
sion  agents.  I  believe  that  they  should  designate  some 
persorf  within  the  county  from  which  produce  is  shipped, 
upon  whom  legal  process  can  be  served  ;  and  the  business 
has  become  of  such  a  magnitude  that  all  persons  doing 
a  commission  business,  should  be  required  to  file  a  bond 
or  give  some  adequate  security  for  prompt  returns  for  all 
produce  received  by  them  to  sell.  g.  m.  stoddaiid. 

Mr.  Stoddard  is  a  lawyer.  We  understand  he  has 
a  farm  and  is  thoroughly  familiar  with  farm  law  and 
the  legal  needs  of  farmers..  He  ought  to  be  just  the 
man  to  frame  a  sound  law  for  the  commission  busi¬ 
ness  and  push  it  through  the  Legislature. 

* 

In  this  vicinity  farmers  are  taking  the  cut  in  the  price 
of  milk  stoically,  for  the  most  part.  It  is  supposed  that 
the  Bordens  were  reckoning  on  Canadian  reciprocity  when 
they  made  the  prices.  Dealers  iu  feeds  evidently  feel 
elated  over  the  refusal  of  reciprocity  with  Canada,  and 
liavc  immdiately  advanced  the  price  of  feeds  by  several 
notches.  Thus  the  dairy  farmer  is  caught  both  ways. 
Already  there  is  much  talk  of  low-priced  cows,  the  estimate 
being  the  price  of  two  years  ago,  or  about  half  of  that  of 
one  year  ago.  It  is  too  early  to  make  positive  statements, 
however,  but  there  is  much  evidence  of  lower  production 
of  milk  owing  to  sales  of  cows  and  to  less  grain  feeding. 

Delaware  Co.,  N.  Y.  h. 

Without  doubt  reciprocity  would  have  been  used 
as  a  scarecrow  to  cut  prices  on  what  a  farmer  has 
to  sell  if  the  Canadians  had  voted  the  other  way. 
The  Bordens  have  offered  no  excuse  except  that  what 
is  called  the  butter  fat  price  of  milk  is  lower.  Their 
retail  price  has  not  been  cut,  and  they  are  making 
more  money  than  they  know  what  to  do  with.  At 
the  same  time  the  cost  of  producing  milk  is  increas¬ 
ing.  All  grain  prices  were  raised  after  the  Canadian 
election.  In  all  the  rank  injustice  over  the  division 
of  the  consumer’s  dollar  there  is  nothing  quite  equal 
to  the  crime  against  dairymen.  They  are  at  the 
mercy  of  the  dealers  because  milk  cannot  be  held  and 
must  *be  sold  at  once. 

* 

Last  week  we  spoke  of  cooperation  among  farm¬ 
ers.  The  trouble  with  most  such  schemes  is  that  they 
try  to  start  on  too  large  a  scale.  There  is  a  strong 
element  in  human  nature  which  prompts  men  to  jump 
into  large  enterprises  without  realizing  that  these  big 
things  are  merely  combinations  of  solid  and  well  or¬ 
ganized  units.  Suppose  10,000  farmers,  each  with 
$500,  start  out  to  organize  a  business  for  buying  and 
selling.  In  one  case  the  10,000  individuals  come  to¬ 
gether  and  try  to  combine  in  an  entirely  new  com¬ 
pany.  On  the  other  hand  take  20  smaller  companies, 
each  with  500  members.  These  smaller  companies 
have  been  trained  so  that  the  members  work  to¬ 
gether  for  growing,  packing  and  shipping  a  uniform 
product.  It  does  not  require  much  thought  to  see 
that  the  20  trained  companies  bound  together  into 
large  organization  would  have  a  far  better  chance 
than  a  group  of  10.000  individuals.  Our  advice  to 
farmers  is  to  organize  strong  local  societies  for  co¬ 
operative  growing,  packing  and  shipping.  Then  they 


October  14, 

can  go  on  the  market  with  a  definite  proposition  and 
combine  with  others  or  offer  their  own  goods.  The 
foundation  for  all  success  in  cooperative  selling  is  to 
have  a  uniform  pack.  The  goods  of  all  ought  to  go 
through  a  common  packing  house — the  packers  being 
entirely  independent  of  the  growers.  There  is  no 
other  way  to  make  sure  of  an  absolutely  uniform 
brand  of  goods.  The  best  thing  our  farmers  can  do 
is  to  get  together  at  home,  combine  their  crops  and 
adopt  a  uniform  pack  for  all.  Then  they  have  some¬ 
thing  definite  to  sell,  and  there  will  be  profit  for  any 
dealer  to  handle  their  goods.  There  is  no  solid  rea¬ 
son  why  such  farmers  should  contribute  the  goods 
and  also  furnish  cash  to  help  finance  a  scheme  for 
selling  the  goods — especially  before  they  have  the  uni¬ 
form  goods  to  deliver.  It  is  much  better  to  go  in 
through  the  small  end  of  the  horn  and  grow  up  to 
the  size  of  the  other  end  than  to  start  large  and  crawl 
out  at  the  little  end. 

* 

We  know  a  clergyman  who  went  out  to  take  charge 
of  some  churches  in  a  back  country  hill  district.  Be¬ 
fore  he  went  he  said  we  talked  too  much  about  this 
35-cent  dollar.  He  came  back  in  a  year  and  said  we 
did  not  talk  about  it  half  enough!  Twelve  months 
among  those  farmers  who  worked  with  a  long  string 
of  middlemen  drinking  out  of  their  milk  cans  opened 
his  eyes.  The  love  of  money  may  be  the  root  of  all 
evil,  but  the  fight  against  money  injustice  may  mean 
the  fruit  of  all  good.  Let  any  man  try  to  build  up 
the  rural  church,  and  he  will  find  that  the  robbery 
of  our  present  money  and  distribution  system  is 
largely  responsible  for  church  feebleness. 

* 

The  daily  papers  have  been  talking  in  a  joking  way 
about  a  “potato  deal”  in  Indianapolis,  Ind.  We  have 
looked  up  the  facts  about  this.  It  was  claimed  that 
the  Indianapolis  dealers  combined  to  keep  up  the  re¬ 
tail  price  of  potatoes  and  pay  no  more  to  producers. 
These  dealers  would  ship  carloads  of  potatoes  away 
when  the  supply  threatened  to  meet  demand.  The 
mayor  of  Indianapolis  bought  a  carload  of  potatoes 
at  about  69  cents,  and  -offered  them  at  a  little  above 
cost,  or  75  cents  a  bushel.  Before  he  did  this  the  deal¬ 
ers  were  charging  $1.60  or  more  per  bushel,  while  the 
grower  was  netting  probably  about  55  cents.  There 
was  a  great  run  for  the  mayor’s  potatoes.  The  car 
was  sold  out  in  five  hours — no  person  taking  over 
one  bushel.  The  buyers  were  mostly  working  people 
to  whom  the  saving  meant  much.  Mayor  Shank 
promises  to  bring  in  more  potatoes  to  be  sold  on  the 
same  basis.  This  is  only  further  evidence  of  the 
eagerness  of  city  workmen  to  get  closer  to  the  pro¬ 
ducer  and  cut  down  the  cost  of  living.  That  is  the 
way  to  change  that  35-cent  dollar.  You  will  under¬ 
stand  that  if  tiie  consumer’s  dollar  is  cut  down  to  80 
cents  and  the  farmer  gets  half  of  it  he  will  be  better 
off,  because  there  will  be  more  consumer’s  dollars  in 
circulation. 


BREVITIES. 

Save  all  the  fodder  you  can — bay  will  be  high. 

TrMES  are  certainly  lively  in  the  western  New  York 
evaporators  this  season. 

A  MAN  should  be  judged — not  by  the  number  of  dollars 
he  gets  together,  but  what  he  does  with  them. 

The  first  locomotive  ever  built  in  the  Island  of  New¬ 
foundland  was  recently  given  a  successful  trial. 

The  Kieffer  pear,  when  well  grown,  gives  a  fair  profit. 
You  must  be  within  easy  reach  of  a  canning  factory  or  a 
foreign  settlement 

We  are  going  to  the  bottom  of  this  milk  inspection  busi¬ 
ness  if  it  takes  a  lifetime  to.  get  there.  Look  at  the  com¬ 
parison  of  scores  on  page  1015. 

While  potatoes  are  low  now  they  should  go  higher 
when  the  present  rush  is  over.  We  expect  better  prices, 
for  turnips — a  potato  substitute. 

Austin,  Tex.,  reported  recently  a  plague  of  crickets 
which  covered  the  streets  to  the  depth  of  several  inches 
and  blocked  street-car  traffic.  It  was  said  that  the 
insects  were  killed  and  carted  off  by  tons. 

At  Cornell  they  have  found  another  reason  why  soil 
should  be  covered  with  a  living  crop.  The  loss  of  lime 
from  a  soil  seems  to  be  determined  by  the  loss  of  nitrates. 
As  the  living  crop  uses  and  holds  the  nitrates,  the  lime  is 
also  saved. 

In  you  have  occasion  to  carry  a  cat  do  not  put  it  in  a 
basket.  Make  a  ‘bag  with  a  stout  string  at  one  end.  Put 
the  cat  and  all  four  paws  inside  and  gather  the  bag  open¬ 
ing  close  around  the  cat’s  neck.  Then  you  have  kitty 
where  her  paws  are  short. 

Chestnuts  are  worth  nearly  per  ton.  This  does 

not  mean  such  a  great  increase  in  consumption — it  is  the 
deadly  chestnut  disease  which  has  killed  off  the  trees.  It 
is  true,  however,  that  the  public  demand  more  nuts  of  all 
kinds.  You  may  not  get  great  value  out  of  nut  planting, 
but  your  children  will. 

A  Century  ago  wheat  was  hauled  slowly  and  pain¬ 
fully  from  the  then  West  over  bad  roads  by  oxen  or 
horses.  The  contrast  is  shown  in  a  new  barge  which  will 
travel  on  the  Canadian  lakes.  This  barge  will  carry 
100.000  bushels  at  a  load.  She  uses  an  oil  engine  which 
requires  so  much  less  room  than  steam  that  storage  for 
more  than  20,000  bushels  is  saved. 


1911. 


THE  RURAI>  NEW-YORKER 


lOll 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — In  sentencing  Marino  Rossi, 
the  first  person  to  go  to  prison  under  the 
new  Sullivan  weapon  law,  Judge  Foster, 
of  the  New  York  General  Sessions,  said 
September  27,  that  he  would  make  an  ex¬ 
ample  that  would  show  to  the  community 
that  promiscuous  gun  carrying  has  to  stop. 
Rossi  got  a  year  in  the  penitentiary.  The 
court  said  that  it  thought  a  stiff  sentence 
was  advisable,  because  it  was  altogether 
too  customary  for  Italians  to  go  about 
armed.  Rossi  was  arrested  in  Mulberry 
street  with  a  revolver  in  his  pocket.  He 
said  that  he  was  on  his  way  from  his 
home  in  New  Jersey  to  get  work  in  New 
Haven  and  that  it  was  customary  among 
his  friends  to  carry  pistols. 

Jared  Flagg,  ,Tr.,  and  the  eight  men 
who  were  arrested  with  him  in  connection 
with  the  scheme  of  the  author  of  “Flagg’s 
Flats”  to  take  large  profits  out  of  Wall 
Street,  were  indicted  September  28  by  the 
Federal  Grand  Jury.  They  are  jointly  ac¬ 
cused  of  having  “unlawfully  and  know¬ 
ingly  devised  scheme  and  artifice  to  de¬ 
fraud”  and  used  the  mails  to  carry  it  out. 
The  names  of  the  complainants  in  the  in¬ 
dictment  are  two  women,  Julia  E.  Wood 
of  Reading,  Pa.,  and  Bertha  L.  Bentley  of 
Corry,  Pa.  Mrs.  Bentley  is  the  wife  of  the 
postmaster  of  Corry  and  her  name  appeared 
in  the  complaint  on  which  Flagg  and  his 
associates  were  arrested.  The  indictment 
says  that  Flagg  and  his  associates  repre¬ 
sented  that  they  would  deal  in  stocks  and 
that  they  would  take  no  account  less  than 
$1,000.  The  records  of  the  concern  pur¬ 
ported  to  show  that  the  profits  averaged  50 
per  cent,  for  four  years  and  that  all  profits 
in  excess  of  this  were  to  go  to  “the  mutual 
protection  of  all  investors.”  These  pre¬ 
tences  were  fraudulent,  the  indictment  says. 

Three  carloads  of  Lapland  reindeer  from 
northern  Newfoundland  arrived  at  Edmon¬ 
ton,  Alberta,  September  26.  There  were 
forty-three  reindeer  in  three  cars  and  a 
fourth  was  stocked  with  reindeer  food,  moss 
and  grass.  The  reindeer  are  the  represen¬ 
tatives  of  the  species  with  which  the  De¬ 
partment  of  the  Interior  had  planned  to 
stock  the  Mackenzie  district.  The  animals 
are  to  be  used  for  carrying  purposes  for 
the  long  reaches  of  the  north  in  place  of 
dogs.  The  animals  will  be  taken  by  rail  as 
far  as  Stony  Creek,  sixty  miles  north  of 
Edmonton,  and  from  that  point  they  will 
be  taken  overland  to  Athabasca  Landing. 
Some  that  have  been  well  broken  will  be 
led  and  others  will  be  conveyed  in  wagons. 
At  Athabasca  Landing  the  animals  will  be 
placed  in  scows  and  floated  down  the  Atha¬ 
basca  River  to  Fort  Smith.  They  will  have 
traveled  fully  5,000  miles  by  the  time  their 
journey  is  at  an  end.  The  animals  have 
become  quite  tame  during  their  long  journey. 
The  experiment  of  stocking  the  far  North¬ 
west  with  reindeer  is  the  result  of  the 
experience  of  Dr.  Grenfell,  the  missionary 
in  Labrador,  who  first  brought  them  from 
Lapland  a  few  years  ago  and  has  suc¬ 
cessfully  raised  them  there, where  his  origi¬ 
nal  herd  has  increased  more  than  threefold. 
The  mounted  police  will  take  charge  of  the 
present  consignment. 

September  30  the  town  of  Austin,  Pa., 
was  devastated  by  flood  when  the  dam  of 
the  Bayless  Pulp  and  Paper  Company  of 
Binghamton,  N.  Y.,  gave  way  under  pressure 
of  the  great  body  of  water  impounded  after 
recent  rains.  Austin  is  thirty-five  miles 
southeast  of  Olean,  N.  Y.,  and  about  the 
same  distance  from  Bradford,  Pa.  The 
loss  of  life  is  believed  to  be  from  86  to 
100,  but  until  the  wreckage  is  removed  this 
is  uncertain.  Many  of  Austin’s  citizens, 
including  a  majority  of  the  young  people, 
were  attending  a  ball  game  in  an  adjacent 
town  when  the  flood  occurred,  and  this 
saved  many  lives.  About  two  years  ago 
Austin  was  threatened  with  similar  de¬ 
struction  when  the  dam  was  weakened  by 
Winter  rains  and  for  several  days  the  3.000 
inhabitants  of  the  town  were  compelled  to 
camp  out  in  the  snow  on  the  hills  for  fear 
that  a  deluge  would  sweep  down  upon  their 
homes  in  the  valley  from  the  crael{ed  and 
straining  dam. 

The  steady  rising  of  the  Mahoning  River 
and  its  tributaries  in  a  downpour  of  rain 
October  1,  with  the  washing  out  of  the  par¬ 
tially  completed  dam  at  the  Republic  Iron 
and  Steel  Company’s  reservoir  in  Coitsville 
township,  caused  a  flood  in  Youngstown,  O., 
and  the  vicinity,  with  a  property  loss  of 
$500,000.  Railroad  and  suburban  traffic 
on  most  lines  and  city  street  car  service 
were  tied  up  for  the  greater  part  of  Octo¬ 
ber  2. 

Rear  Admiral  Winfield  Scott  Schley  died 
suddenly  in  New  York  October  2.  Admiral 
Schley  was  born  in  Maryland  72  years  ago. 
He  had  seen  much  naval  service.  His  con¬ 
troversy  with  Admiral  Sampson  regarding 
achievement  during  the  Spanish  War  made 
his  name  familiar  to  many  otherwise  un¬ 
acquainted  with  naval  affairs. 

Abraham  Lichtenstein  of  the  Licfiten- 
stein  Millinery  Company  of  Fifth  avenue, 
New  Y'ork,  one  of  the  largest  importing 
concerns  of  the  kind  in  town,  was  sent  from 
the  United  States  Circuit  Court  in  New 
York  October  2  under  a  four  months’  sen¬ 
tence  to  the  penitentiary.  Seven  years  of 
smuggling  and  the  “sleeper  trunk”  scheme 
are  laid  at  his  door  and  his  concern  has 
paid  $120,000  to  settle  civil  suits  brought 
by  the  Government.  Judge  Hough,  who 
sentenced  him,  drew  a  distinction  between 
commercial  smugglers  and  “foolish  persons” 
who  smuggle  jewelry  for  their  own  wear, 
lie  also  had  before  him  Nathan  Allen,  the 
leather  manufacturer  of  Kenosha,  Wis.,  who 
was  indicted  for  smuggling  jewelry.  Allen 
was  fined  $12,000.  John  R.  Collins  of 
Memphis,  Tenn.,  president  of  the  Southern 
f’oal  Company,  indicted  for  conspiracy  to 
smuggle  as  a  part  of  the  same  affair,  was 
fined  $4,000.  A  civil  suit  will  be  brought 
by  the  Government  to  recover  the  home 
value  of  the  smuggled  jewelry  plus  the  duty, 
in  all  about  $128,000.  The  District  At¬ 
torney  is  going  after  crooked  customs  offi¬ 
cials  who  made  it  possible  for  Allen  and 
Collins  to  slip  jewelry  iij  without  paying 
duty.  Both  men  will  be  called  upon  to 
tell  the  Grand  Jury  whom  they  bribed. 


Five  sellers  of  adulterated  or  impure 
food  were  convicted  in  New  York  Special 
Sessions  October  2,  and  released  on  pay¬ 
ment  of  fines  ranging  from  $10  to  $100. 
They  included  the  manager  of  a  large  pack* 
ing  house  and  a  milk  dealer  who  has  the 
contract  to  supply  Bellevue  and  Allied  Hos¬ 
pitals.  Bert  Dean,  the  milk  dealer,  was 
convicted  of  selling  to  the  hospital  milk 
below  the  standard  fixed  by  the  Department 
of  Health  and  paid  a  fine  of  $100.  George 
P.  Horton,  manager  of  the  Cudahy  Packing 
Company’s  station  at  153d  street  and  Brook 
avenue,  paid  a  fine  of  $25  for  having  in 
his  place  a  quantity  of  spare  ribs  unfit  for 
human  consumption. 

FARM  AND  GARDEN. — Commissioner 
Cabell,  of  the  Internal  Revenue  Bureau,  will 
recommend  the  enactment  of  a  law  com¬ 
pelling  manufacturers  to  label  all  adulter¬ 
ated  butter,  including  that  containing  16 
per  cent  moisture,  as  well  as  to  pay  the 
revenue  tax  now  assessed  against  that  arti¬ 
cle.  This  was  made  known  September  28 
to  representatives  of  butter  merchants  from 
New  York,  Boston,  Philadelphia,  Chicago, 
Baltimore,  St.  Louis  and  Pittsburgh,  who 
protested  against  the  rigorous  course  of 
the  government  in  holding  them  liable  for 
the  tax  on  butter  containing  an  excess  of 
moisture.  The  responsibility,  they  insisted, 
rested  entirely  with  the  manufacturer.  Com¬ 
missioner  Cabell  said  the  Treasury  Depart¬ 
ment  was  not  able  to  give  any  relief,  as 
it  was  merely  enforcing  the  law. 

At  the  recent  convention  of  the  Texas 
Nurserymen’s  Association  at  Waco,  the  fol¬ 
lowing  officers  were  re-elected  for  the  cur¬ 
rent  year  President,  J.  It.  Mayhew,  Waxa- 
liachie ;  vice-president,  J.  R.  Downing, 
Wichita  Falls ;  secretary  and  treasurer,  J.  S. 
Kerr,  Sherman.  The  meeting  place  for  1912 
will  not  be  determined  until  next  July. 

Dr.  James  H.  Kelley,  a  veterinary  sur¬ 
geon,  died  at  his  home  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.,  October  1,  of  glanders.  About  a 
month  ago  he  was  treating  a  horse  suffering 
with  the  disease.  The  horse  sneezed  or 
coughed  into  Dr.  Kelley’s  face  and  he  in¬ 
haled  some  of  the  germs,  in  the  opinion  of 
the  doctors  who  have  beeu  attending  him. 
After  Dr.  Kelley  became  ill  it  was  believed 
that  he  had  typhoid  fever,  but  an  analysis 
of  his  blood  showed  that  he  had  been  pois¬ 
oned  with  the  glanders  germs. 

Cleveland  railway  clerks  have  formed  a 
company,  with  a  capitalization  of  $10,000, 
to  raise  chickens,  and  are  seeking  a  suitable 
tract  of  about  150  acres.  It  probably  will 
be  between  Cleveland  and  Lorain. 


NEWS  FROM  ALBANY,  N.  Y. 

Interstate  Highways. — L.  H.  Page,  di¬ 
rector  of  the  United  States  Office  of  Public 
Roads,  recently  conferred  at  Albany  with 
State  officials  representing  the  highway  de¬ 
partments  of  New  York,  Massachusetts, 
Connecticut  and  New  Hampshire,  concern¬ 
ing  a  system  of  interstate  highways  to  be, 
built  according  to  a  standard  uniform 
width  and  to  be  maintained  in  the  best 
possible  condition  at  all  seasons  of  the  year. 
Among  the  most  important  recommendations 
considered  were  the  elimination  of  danger¬ 
ous  curves  and  the  death-inviting  grade 
crossings.  It  is  hoped  that  as  a  result  of 
this  first  conference  of  State  officials  a 
nation-wide  cooperation  has  been  started 
which  will  lead  to  a  system  of  improving 
main  thoroughfares  from  State  to  State. 

Trained  Stilt.men. — An  official  in  the 
Agricultural  Department  here,  reading  that 
thousands  of  men  in  England  earn  their 
livings  during  a  considerable  portion  of  the 
year  by  their  ability  to  walk  on  stilts,  work¬ 
ing  in  the  hop  fields  of  Kent,  where  they 
have  displaced  the  high  stepladders  for¬ 
merly  in  use,  has  suggested  that  stilts 
might  be  used  in  many  orchards  to  great 
advantage.  This  official  believes  that  stilt 
walkei's.  12  feet  from  the  ground,  might  do 
most  efficient  work  in  grafting  and  prun¬ 
ing,  as  well  as  at  apple-picking  time — at 
least  among  dwarf  tree  orchards.  However, 
it  is  hardly  thought  the  suggestion  will  at¬ 
tain  the  dignity  of  a  bulletin. 

Wild  Rabbit  Sale  Not  Prohibited. — 
The  State  Conservation  Commission  has 
notified  its  game  protectors  that  the  sale 
of  wild  rabbits  during  the  open  season  is 
not  prohibited,  as  the  printed  bulletins  re¬ 
cently  issued  stated. 

State  Civil  Service. — Though  it  is  often 
asserted  that  holders  of  State  positions 
never  die  and  that  few  x'esign,  yet,  either 
vacancies  occur  after  some  fashion  or  else 
a  host  of  new  positions  is  created,  for  the 
State  Civil  Service  Commission  seems  to 
be  constantly  announcing  the  holding  of 
new  examinations.  Less  than  a  month  ago 
2,500  eager  seekers  after  easy  money  filed 
applications  for  the  various  examinations 
held  in  all  the  State’s  pi'incipal  cities,  and 
the  positions  to  be  filled  were  about  200. 
The  commission  has  recently  announced 
that  another  open  competitive  examination 
for  the  State,  county  and  village  service 
will  be  held  in  the  Various  cities  October 
14,  for  bookkeepers,  two  grades,  in  State 
departments  and  institutions i  for  chemist 
in  the  Department  of  Agricultxire ;  for  phar¬ 
macists,  head  literary  teacher,  trained 
nurses  and  women  officers  in  State  institu¬ 
tions. 

State  Factory  Investigation.  —  The 
Commission  appointed  by  the  Legislature  as 
a  direct  result  of  the  Aseh  building  fire  in 
New  York  City,  in  which  140  or  moi'e  em¬ 
ployees  lost  their  lives,  to  investigate  con¬ 
ditions  under  which  manufacturing  is  car¬ 
ried  on  in  the  principal  cities  of  the  State, 
will  begin  its  public  hearings  in  New  York 
October  10.  The  scope  of  the  investigation 
will  embrace  hazard  to  life  because  of  fire ; 
accident  prevention ;  danger  to  life  and 
health  because  or  unsanitary  conditions; 
occupational  diseases  such  as  consumption, 
lead  poisoning  and  bone  disease,  and  a 
study  as  to  what  extent  the  present  laws 
are  enforced. 

Interesting  Statistics.— John  D.  Moore, 
one  of  the  State  Conservation  Commission¬ 
ers.  recently  told  the  Conservation  Congx-ess 
at  Kansas  City  that  one-third  of  this  State 
is  wild  forest  land,  the  Adirondack  and 
Catskill  parks  containing  more  than  1,600,- 
000  acres  owned  by  the  whole  people ;  that 


our  State  nurseries  are  now  the  finest  in 
the  world  and  last  year  supplied  to  lum¬ 
ber  companies  and  other  growers  nearly 
2,000,000  ti'ees,  while  the  growing  stock 
therein  now  numbers  more  than  15,000.000; 
that  New  York  State  has  a  greater  amount 
of  developed  water  power  than  any  other 
State,  while  practically  one  million  horse¬ 
power  remains  to  be  harnessed.  Our  game 
laws  prohibit  the  sale  of  game  (except 
rabbits)  shot  either  in  this  State  or  any 
other  State  of  the  Union,  yet  within  the 
past  month  nearly  $10,000  was  realized 
from  the  sale  of  tags  to  be  attached  to  im¬ 
ported  birds,  such  is  the  demand  for  game 
in  the  greatest  American  market,  New 
York  City.  Hunters’  licenses  to  the  num¬ 
ber  of  140.000  were  issued  last  year,  and 
though  12.000  deer  were  shot  last  season 
these  animals  are  more  abundant  than  ever. 

Conference  of  State  Sanitary  Officers. 
— The  eleventh  annual  conference  of  the 
State  sanitary  oflicials  is  announced  to  be 
held  in  New  York  City  October  25,  26  and 
27.  All  of  the  subjects  to  be  discussed  are 
important,  but  the  most  interesting  to 
those  of  rural  districts  are  quarantine  in 
cities,  disinfection,  stream  pollution,  pure 
food,  including  cold  storage,  and  public 
health  legislation. 

Vandalism. — The  following  dispatch  from 
Hudson,  Columbia  County,  appeared  in  an 
Albany  paper  September  27 :  “What  was 
considered  the  largest  and  oldest  Green¬ 
ing  apple  tree  in  New  York  State  has 

been  cut  down.  It  stood  near  a  line 

fence  on  Dr.  F.  D.  Clum’s  propei'ty,  at 
Cheviot,  and  owing  to  complaints  being 
made  by  one  of  Dr.  Clum’s  neighbors 

about  its  mammoth  limbs  extending  on  his 
property,  the  physician  *  was  compelled  to 
have  the  tree  cut  down.  It  was  planted  in 
1791  and  was  13  feet  in  circumference. 

The  tree  was  as  healthy  as  ever,  and  for 
the  past  25  years  it  bore  an  average  of  14 
barrels  of  fruit. 

Albany’s  Shade  Trees. — The  public  press 
of  the  city  teems  with  letters  from  indig¬ 
nant  residents  concerning  the  destruction 
of  the  city’s  shade  trees.  It  is  asserted 
that  unless  prompt  and  vigoi’ous  measures 
are  resorted  to  that  the  magnificent  elms  in 
the  Capitol  Park,  the  Academy  Park  and 
Washington  Park  will  be  entirely  destroyed. 
The  pines  in  the  last-named  park  are  dying 
and  the  scale  is  attacking  the  ash  and 
other  trees.  One  newspaper  sarcastically 
says  :  “Why  should  the  city  administration 
care  for  the  trees?  The  trees  cannot  vote 
nor  contribute  to  the  political  league.  The 
city  administration  has  to  keep  the  party 
together ;  the  cai'e  of  the  ti'ees  may  wait 
for  a  more  convenient  season.” 

Athletic  Commission  Law. — The  Legis¬ 
lature  of  1911  has  many  sins  to  answer  for, 
and  not  the  least  of  these  was  the  enact¬ 
ing  of  the  athletic  commission  law.  It  was 
contended,  and  the  governor  permitted 
himself  to  be  deluded  into  the  belief  that 
this  law  would  prevent  the  disorderly  and 
unregulated  exhibitions  of  “boxing”  which 
had  been  given  in  every  section  of  the  State 
for  the  past  few  years.  But  a  try-out  of 
the  new  law  soon  disclosed  that  the  lowest 
elements  of  society  bad  seized  upon  the  legal 
protection  affoi'ded  to  give  their  fellow- 
bestial  spirits  the  most  revolting  and 
bloodiest  fistic  exhibitions  seen  for  many 
years.  Only  the  manhood  of  one  of  the 
commissioners  and  the  concerted  action  of 
the  public  press  has  served  to  stop  for  the 
time  being  a  repetition  of  this  brutality. 
Governor  Dix  on  September  29  sent  to  the 
Legislature  a  special  message  asking  for 
the  repeal  of  this  law.  The  Legislature 
paid  absolutely  no  attention  to  the  request. 
The  Governor,  however,  promises  that  he 
will  take  such  steps  as  he  cau  to  prevent 
such  occurrences  and  will  evercise  what¬ 
ever  power  he  has  to  that  end. 

The  Gittins  Bill. — The  bill  of  Senator 
Gittins,  which  sought  to  relieve  directors 
from  responsibility  for  betting  on  race¬ 
tracks,  is  finally  dead,  though  merchants 
and  farmers  by  the  hundreds  and  many 
newspapers  of  the  Eastern  part  of  the  State 
petitioned  the  Legislature  for  its  enact¬ 
ment  during  the  l'ecent  session.  The  bill’s 
sponsors,  after  careful  canvassing,  did  not 
dare  bring  the  bill  up  for  a  vote,  although 
at  one  time  they  expressed  entire  confidence 
in  their  ability  to  pass  it.  Another  year 
will  witness  a  renewal  of  their  efforts.  J. 


DIARY  OF  FARM  WORK. 

Four  Days  on  a  Canadian  Dairy  Farm. 

June  15. — The  hour  of  5.15  in  the  morn¬ 
ing  found  me  building  the  kitchen  fire.  This 
was  half  an  hour  later  than  during  seed 
time,  for  our  strenuous  days  were  past  for 
a  time,  allowing  us  a  breathing  space  be¬ 
fore  haying.  Sydney,  my  14-year-old 
brother-in-law,  saddled  his  chestnut  pony 
and  soon  disappeared  behind  a  maple  grove, 
the  little  mare’s  flowing  tail  stretched 
straight  behind  her  as  she  sped  on  her  way 
to  the  cow  pasture.  By  the  time  Sydney 
had  the  cows  in  the  stable  ready  for  milk¬ 
ing,  I  had  tied  up  and  fed  the  bull,  fed  and 
hitched  the  horses  in  their  stalls,  and  pro¬ 
vided  a  morning  meal  for  the  pigs  and 
chickens.  Our  three-year-old  Holstein  bull, 
a  grandson  of  the  famous  King  Segis,  runs 
loose  in  a  covered  yard  at  night,  and  is 
coaxed  to  his  stanchion  by  a  little  proven¬ 
der  in  the  morning.  The  horses  also  have 
their  freedom  after  supper,  coming  up  with 
the  cows  in  the  morning  for  their  bi'eakfast. 
which  they  find  awaiting  them  in  their 
stalls.  When  we  had  finished  milking  we 
turned  out  the  cows  and  placed  the  milk 
cans  on  an  elevated  stand  near  the  road, 
ready  for  the  milk  team  to  carry  them  to 
the  creamery.  It  was  now  7.30.  and  break¬ 
fast  was  the  next  order  of  the  day.  Sydney 
had  to  go  to  school,  and  Bert,  olir  day  man, 
was  away  for  a  week,  so  I  was  alone  until  the 
night  milking,  when  Sydney  again  helped 
me.  We  took  our  time  at  breakfast,  and 
did  up  some  odds  and  ends  of  chores  after- 
wards.  so  it  was  9.30  o’clock  by  the  time  I 
l'eached  the  cornfield  with  hoe  and  planting 
bag,  ready  to  put  in  a  hill  here  and  there 
where  the  planter  had  missed.  At  11.30  I 
left  the  cornfield  and  went  up  to  the  barn 
to  empty  the  cans  of  skim-milk  which  were 
waiting  for  me  on  the  milk  stand.  Part  of 
this  milk  was  saved  for  the  calves,  and  the 


remainder  dumped  into  the  pigs’  barrel.  I 
forgot  to  say  that  a  good  half  pail  of  milk 
was  poured  into  a  long  wooden  trough  for 
the  hens.  After  providing  for  the  wants  of 
the  horses  and  pigs,  we  sat  down  to  our 
plain  but  wholesome  dinner,  lingering  for  a 
time  in  conversation  to  enjoy  the  coolness 
of  the  room  and  the  pleasant  outlook  xipon 
lawix  and  flower  beds. 

At  1.15  I  was  again  planting  com,  which 
I  finished  at  3  p.  m.  The  good  lady  of  the 
house  came  out  with  a  few  baskets  to  pick 
our  first  ripe  strawberries,  so  I  dropped  my 
hoe  at  the  end  of  the  last  row  of  corn  and 
went  over  to  the  berry  patch  to  help  her. 
We  soon  had  four  baskets  full  of  lxiseious 
beauties,  which  we  carried  over  to  the 
house,  longing,  as  we  went,  for  the  supper 
hour  to  arrive.  I  then  hitched  old  Tom 
to  the  milk  wagon  and  drove  over  to  the 
mill,  fortunsftely  only  a  step,  for  the  grist 
which  T  left  there  the  day  before.  The 
steel  grinder  in  this  old  mill  is  run  by’  a 
40  horse-power  water  wheel,  under  a  good 
head  of  water,  so  the  power  developed  is 
sufficient  to  pulverize  a  ton  or  two  of  grain 
in  short  order.  At  4  o’clock  my  provender 
was  emptied  into  the  feed  boxes  and  I 
started  on  foot  for  the  cows.  I  was  in  no 
hurry,  so,  after  starting  the  cows  on  their 
homewai'd  march,  T  seated  myself  on  the 
top  rail  of  the  fence  in  my  favorite  corner 
at  the  foot  of  the  lane,  feasting  my  eyes,  as 
the  novelists  say,  upon  the  rolling  stretch 
of  meadowland  reaching  towai'd  the  east, 
and  backed  by  green  and  partially  wooded 
hills,  with  blue  mountains  in  the  distance. 
All  this  was  good  to  look  at.  and  in  a  large 
way  a  compensation  for  many  of  the  hard¬ 
ships  of  farm  life,  but  the  thought  of  those 
first  strawberries  drew  me  from  my  perch 
After  tying  the  cows  in  the  stable.’  feeding 
the  horses  and  pigs,  earing  for  the  fowls 
and  gathering  the  eggs,  I  went  over  to  sup¬ 
per.  It  was  then  5  o’clock,  and  I  think  we 
all  hurried  just  a  little  more  than  usual  to 
get  down  to  our  places  at  the  table,  for  in 
the  center  stood  a  large  glass  bowl  heaped 
with  those  first  strawberries.  By  the  way, 
we  feasted  on  this  fruit  for  over  a  month, 
haviYig  our  last  feast  of  Brandy  wines  and 
Sample  on  July  22.  At  0.45  the  evening 
milking  was  finished  and  the  day’s  work 
over.  Those  strawberries  made  the  15th  of 
June  a  red  letter  day  in  our  household. 

September  11. — Not  much  to  tell  to-day. 
This  was  a  busy  day,  but  one  of  the 
uneventful  sort.  After  the  morning  milk¬ 
ing.  or  about  seven  o’clock,  Bert  took  the 
team  and  went  for  the  manure  spreader 
We  hire  this  from  a  neighbor  at  10  cents 
per  hour,  finding  this  plan  cheaper  for  a 
100-acre  farm  than  owning  and  housing 
one  ourselves.  The  actual  cost  to  us  each 
year  would  not  pay  the  interest  on  the  cost 
of  a  spreader,  to  say  nothing  of  storage 
and  repairs.  The  manure  we  had  on  hand 
was  what  had  accumulated  in  various 
places  since  last  Spring,  or,  more  correctly, 
since  last  Winter,  for  as  soon  as  the  snow 
left  us  the  ground  was  too  soft  for  hauling. 
We  started  in  with  a  two-horse  team,  but 
after  drawing  out  a  couple  of  loads  we  de¬ 
cided  that  it  would  pay  to  load  a  little 
heavier  and  use  a  third  horse,  which  we 
did.  Bert  stayed  at  the  barn,  while  I  went 
to  the  field  with  a  load,  busying  himself  in 
the  meantime  by  cleaning  out  box  stalls, 
mending  the  driveway  or  scraping  xip  the 
manure  into  more  convenient  shape  for 
loading.  I  seemed  to  bo  riding  most  of  the 
time,  for  T  had  quite  a  distance  to  go  to 
reach  the  field,  and  the  two  of  us  loaded 
up  pretty  quickly,  using  six-tined  dung 
forks  and  working  rapidly.  We  applied 
this  manure  thinly  to  our  new-seeded 
meadow,  pushing  back  the  adjusting  lever  to 
allow  a  more  liberal  dressing  whenever  an 
exposed  knoll  was  crossed.  We  find  that 
this  Fall  top-dressing  nearly  always  pre¬ 
vents  winter-killing  and  insures  at  least 
two  good  hay  crops  from  our  meadows.  We 
worked  at  the  manure  until  five  o’clock, 
then  did  the  chores,  finishing  our  day’s 
woi-k  at  six  o’clock.  c.  s.  m. 


COMING  FARMERS’  MEETINGS. 

Virginia  State  Fail',  Richmond,  October 
9-1 4. 

Massachusetts  Poultry  Association,  Am¬ 
herst,  October  11-12. 

New  England  Fruit  Show.  Boston,  Mass., 
October  23-28. 

National  Dairy  Show,  Chicago,  Ill.,  Oc¬ 
tober  26-November  4. 

National  Gai-deners’  Association,  Madi¬ 
son.  N.  ,T.,  October  26-27. 

National  Creamery  Butter  Makers’  Asso¬ 
ciation,  Chicago,  November  1-3. 

Indiana  Apple  Show,  Indianapolis,  No. 
vember  6-11. 

Maine  Corn  and  Fruit  Show,  Portland, 
November  6-11. 

Massachusetts  Corn  Show,  Springfield, 
Mass.,.  November  7-9. 

Farm  Institute  Workers’  Convention, 
Columbus,  O.,  November  13-15. 

Boston  Chamber  of  Commerce  Agricul¬ 
tural  Exhibit.  October  2-31. 

American  Road  Congress,  Richmond,  Va., 
November  20-23. 

National  Grange,  Columbus,  O.,  Novem¬ 
ber  15-24. 

Maine  Seed  Impi'ovement  Association, 
Waterville,  November  21-23. 

National  Apple  Show,  Spokane,  Wash., 
November  27-30. 

Federation  of  Agi-icultural  Association, 
Keyser,  W.  V.,  November  27-December  1. 

N.  Y.  State  Dairymen’s  Ass’n,  Olean, 
December  12-13. 

Maine  Live  Stock  Breeders’  Association, 
Orono,  December  14-15. 

Illinois  State  Horticultural  Society,  De¬ 
cember  11-16. 

Conventions,  Pennsylvania  Live  Stock  and 
Horticultural  Associations,  Duquesne  Gar¬ 
den,  Pittsburgh,  Januai-y  15-20. 

Livingston  County.  N.  Y.,  Poultry  Show, 
Janxxary  16-19,  1912. 

N.  J.  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  January 
17-19. 

N.  .Y.  State  Grange,  Auburn,  N,  Y.,  Feb¬ 
ruary  6-9. 


Consular  Reports  give  the  following  as 
America’s  10  best  customers :  England, 
$536,591,730,  $287,495,814,  $269;806,01 3 ; 

France,  $135,271,648;  Netherlands,  $96,- 
103,376;  Mexico.  $61,281,715;  Cuba,  $60,- 
709.062;  Italy.  $60,580,766;  Belgium,  $45,- 
016,622;  Argentina,  $43,918,511. 


1012 

Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day, 

“BACK  TO  THE  LAND.” 

Out  in  the  upland  places 
I  see  both  dale  and  down. 

And  the  plowed  earth  with  open  scores 
Turning  the  green  to  brown. 

The  bare  bones  of  the  country 
Lie  gaunt  in  Winter  days, 

Grim  fastnesses  of  rock  and  scaur, 

Sure,  while  the  year  decays. 

And,  as  the  Autumn  withers 
And  the  winds  strip  the  tree, 

The  companies  of  buried  folk 
Rise  up  to  speak  with  me. 

Prom  homesteads  long  forgotten, 

From  graves  by  church  and  yew, 

They  come  to  walk  with  noiseless  tread 
Upon  the  land  they  knew — 

Men  who  once  tilled  the  pasture 
The  wind-swept  thorn  beside  ; 

Women  within  gray,  vanished  walls 
Who  bore  and  loved  and  died. 

And  when  the  great  town  closes 
Upon  me  like  a  sea, 

Daylong,  above  its  watery  din 
I  hear  them  call  to  me. 

Dead  folk,  the  roofs  are  round  me 
To  bar  out  field  and  hill, 

And  yet  I  hear  you  on  the  wind 
Calling  and  calling  still ; 

And  while,  by  street  and  pavement, 

The  day  runs  slowly  through, 

My  soul  across  these  haunted  downs 
Goes  forth  and  walks  with  you. 

— Violet  Jacob  in  the  London  Outlook. 

* 

Breaking  the  shell  of  a  hard  Win¬ 
ter  squash  with  a  hatchet  is  rather  a 
dangerous  process;  if  a  handy  little 
meat  saw  forms  part  of  the  kitchen  out¬ 
fit  it  will  be  found  very  convenient 
for  this  purpose.  It  is  easier  and  safer 
to  saw  the  hard  shell  than  to  chop  it. 

* 

Cassia  buds,  which  are  often  used 
to  spice  pickles,  are  not  really  the  true 
cassia,  but  are  the  unexpanded  flower 
buds  of  the  cinnamon  tree.  The  cin¬ 
namon  tree  belongs  to  the  laurel  fam¬ 
ily,  while  the  true  cassia  is  a  legume, 
a  well-known  member  of  its  tribe  being 
the  medicinal  senna,  Cassia  senna  and 
several  other  nearly  related  varieties 

supplying  the  leaves  used  in  medicine. 
* 

Alabama  tea  cakes  are  made  accord¬ 
ing  to  an  old-fashioned  recipe  as  fol¬ 
lows  :  Beat  together  four  eggs  and  two 
cupfuls  of  sugar,  then  add  one  cupful 
of  creamed  butter,  one  even  teaspoon¬ 
ful  of  soda  and  a  teaspoonful  of  vanilla. 
Add  the  flour,  four  cupfuls,  or  as  much 
more  as  needed,  place  on  a  dough- 
board,  roll  thin  and  cut  with  a  small 
biscuit  cutter.  Sprinkle  a  little  sugar 
on  the  top  before  putting  in  the  oven, 
and  add  a  dusting  of  cinnamon  if  liked. 
These  cakes  are  very  nice  to  serve 
with  cocoa  or  chocolate. 

* 

Harrison  cake  is  one  of  the  old- 
fashioned  recipes  that  go  back  to  past 
generations  of  American  housewives. 
The  recipe  is  given  us  as  follows :  Four 
cupfuls  of  flour,  three  cupfuls  of  mo¬ 
lasses  or  half  this  amount  of  sugar, 
one  cupful  and  a  half  of  butter,  two 
cupfuls  of  milk,  four  eggs,  a  teaspoon¬ 
ful  of  soda  and  two  pounds  of  raisins. 
Cream  the  butter,  add  the  sugar  or 
molasses  and  then  the  milk  and  eggs, 
beaten  together.  Stir  this  mixture  into 
the  flour  and  soda,  which  should  be 
sifted  together  several  times.  Add  the 
fruit  after  sprinkling  it  with  a  little 
flour.  Bake  the  cake  in  a  slow  oven 
for  four  hours. 

* 

One  of  our  friends  tells  us  of  his 
yearning  for  fresh  milk  on  a  big  ranch 
in  Western  Canada,  where  there  was 
much  stock,  but  no  milkers.  He  could 
never  understand  why  no  one  ever 
tried  to  milk  some  of  the  fresh  cows, 
but  after  a  brief  but  exciting  interview 
with  a  range  cow  which  he  penned  in 
a  log  corral  for  the  purpose  of  milking 
her,  he  went  back  to  condensed  milk 
without  a  murmur.  This  recalls 
Homer  Davenport’s  story  of  the  blue 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


October  14, 


roan  cow.  He  was  staying  on  a  west¬ 
ern  ranch,  where  fresh  milk  was  un¬ 
known.  Commenting  on  this,  the  fore¬ 
man  told  of  a  certain  blue  roan  cow 
which  he  thought  could  be  developed 
into  a  milker  under  proper  conditions. 
Mr.  Davenport  continues: 

We  decided  to  go  and  get  that  blue-roan 
cow.  We  took  along  three  of  our  best  men 
with  the  lariat.  After  a  strenuous  day  we 
located  the  cow,  and  held  her  in  location 
with  four  ropes.  This  was  at  sunup. 
Shortly  afterward  she  was  on  her  back  in 
a  large  swamp,  and  we  began  to  milk.  At 
sundown  we  were  still  milking. 

We  found  it  difficult  to  save  quite  all  the 
milk.  Milk  sent  straight  up,  in  streams 
quite  vertical,  is  hard  to  get  into  a  pail.  I 
do  not  vouch  for  such  a  process  as  a  safe 
and  sane  method  to  get  milk,  but  I  cheer¬ 
fully  vouch  for  it  as  a  form  of  exercise 
which  rivals  hunting  big  game  in  Africa. 

For  us  it  had  a  permanent  result.  It 
lent  to  condensed  milk  a  sweeter  and  more 
wholesome  flavor  than  ever  condensed  milk 
had  had  before.  It  did  not.  after  that  ex¬ 
perience  with  the  blue-roan  cow,  seem  in  the 
least  absurd  to  live  upon  a  cattle  ranch 
and  still  go  without  fresh  milk. 

* 

As  a  matter  of  duty,  why  not  make 
a  will?  This  does  not  apply  to  minors, 
or  to  people  who  own  absolutely 
nothing,  or  to  those  whose  family  af¬ 
fairs  are  so  compactly  arranged  that 
there  is  no  troublesome  and  expensive 
division  possible.  But  there  are  en¬ 
tirely  too  many  cases  where  the  sharp 
pang  of  personal  bereavement  is  made 
still  more  painful  by  the  tangled  condi¬ 
tion  of  the  family  affairs.  Very  few  of 
us  know  what  the  laws  of  inheritance 
are;  they  differ  widely  in  different 
States.  Some  of  these  laws  are  wise 
and  liberal;  others  may  operate  in  cer¬ 
tain  cases  so  as  to  cause  great  suffer¬ 
ing.  In  many  States  we  are  informed 
that  the  father  is  the  natural  heir  of 
an  unmarried  son  or  daughter  who  pre¬ 
deceases  him,  while  the  mother  is  ex¬ 
cluded.  This  certainly  would  not  be 
the  desire  of  an  affectionate  son  or 
daughter;  furthermore,  in  some  States 
the  widow  of  a  childless  man  who  died 
intestate  might  be  impoverished  by  the 
operation  of  such  statute.  There  are 
many  cases,  too,  where  a  person  de¬ 
sires  to  benefit  one  not  a  legal  heir,  yet 
connected  by  the  closest  ties  of  love  and 
duty.  The  law,  however,  cannot  recog¬ 
nize  such  claims,  unless  bequest  is  made 
in  proper  form.  A  legal  will  is  not 
necessarily  an  elaborate  instrument,  and 
in  most  States  if  the  testator  writes  a 
plain  statement  of  his  wishes,  without 
any  attempt  at  legal  phraseology,  and 
signs  it  in  the  presence  of  two  wit¬ 
nesses,  who  also  sign  it,  with  date  at¬ 
tached,  the  law  recognizes  it  as  a  legal 
will.  The  witnesses  must  not  be  bene¬ 
ficiaries  under  the  will.  It  is  always 
wise  to  have  such  an  instrument  drawn 
up  by  a  competent  attorney,  but  there 
are  some  emergencies  where  this  seems 
impossible,  and  it  is  well  to  remember 
that  the  absence  of  a  lawyer  need  not 
invalidate  a  just  will.  The  intention 
of  the  law  is  to  carry  out  the  wishes 
of  a  testator,  unless  there  is  very  clear 
evidence  of  fraud  or  undue  influence, 
but  legal  heirship  ranks  before  friend¬ 
ship  or  affection.  In  one  case  under 
our  observation  a  wealthy  woman  who 
married  late  in  life  willed  most  of  her 
estate  to  her  husband,  who  was,  when 
married  to  her,  a  widower  with  grown¬ 
up  daughters.  She  was  deeply  attached 
to  her  step-daughters  and  expected 
them  to  inherit  from  their  father.  But 
the  father  died  first,  without  inherit¬ 
ing  from  his  wife;  the  step-mother, 
through  sudden  illness,  neglected  to 
make  a  new  will,  and  thus  died  in¬ 
testate,  Her  estate  passed  by  law  to 
distant  blood  relations,  with  whom  she 
was  barely  on  terms  of  friendship,  and 
the  step-daughters,  to  whom  she  was 
tenderly  attached,  were  disinherited. 
Death  is  the  one  absolutely  inevitable 
event  in  every  life;  whether  we  look 
towards  it  with  dread  or  resignation 
we  owe  to  those  we  love  the  considera¬ 
tion  and  forethought  shown  in  care  for 
their  material  welfare  if  they  sur¬ 
vive  us. 


Hunting  Dewdrops. 

Such  a  pretty  picture  I  saw  from  my 
kitchen  window  one  morning!  Two 
little  girls,  each  in  a  compact  little 
bunch  on  my  walk,  very  carefully  and 
slowly  were  putting  their  fingers  down 
among  the  grass.  The  small  faces  were 
earnest  and  absorbed,  and  we  wondered 
what  they  could  be  doing.  Now  and 
then  they  seemed  to  consult,  and  com¬ 
pare  their  finds.  Having  occasion  to 
go  to  the  door,  I  said,  “What  are  you 
hunting?  Four-leaf  clovers?”  The  an¬ 
swer  came,  “No;  dewdrops.”  That 
sounded  so  pretty  that  I  stooped  down 
to  see.  Most  of  the  grass  blades  held 
each  a  clear  little  drop  on  its  tip,  some 
larger  than  others.  They  certainly  were 
interesting.  I  picked  a  blade  with  a 
large  drop  and  held  it  up  to  the  sun, 
e  cpecting  to  see  rainbow  colors,  but  in¬ 
stead  it  glowed  like  a  tiny  electric  light, 
which  the  children  and  I  found  very 
surprising  and  pleasing. 

These  little  girls  are  on  the  right 
track.  They  are  learning  to  observe  the 
beauty  that  lies  all  about  the  child  that 
lives  in  the  country — not  simply  the 
beauty  evident  to  all,  like  that  of  the 
mountains  and  lakes,  but  the  wonders 
that  are  so  small  that  they  are  passed 
over  by  all  but  the  careful  observer. 
These  same  little  girls  are  much  inter¬ 
ested  in  the  experiments  of  a  neighbor, 
who  though  a  busy  woman,  finds  time 
to  love  all  out  doors.  When  she  comes 
upon  a  promising  caterpillar  she  brings 
it  home  with  the  leaves  that  it  is  eating 
and  keeps  it  well  fed  until  it  changes 
into  a  chrysalis,  and  at  last  comes  out 
a  perfect  butterfly  with  wonderful 
colors,  or  maybe  it  spins  a  cocoon  and 
sleeps  until  its  resurrection  as  a  moth 
whose  beauty  is  enjoyed  by  her  family 
and  friends.  A  part  of  the  pleasure  is 
in  seeing  the  wings  spread  and  lift  the 
delicate  creature  as  it  realizes  its  power 
and  liberty  to  float  away  in  the  sun¬ 
shine.  This  year  our  trees  had  many 
spiny  elm  caterpillars,  and  one  of  these 
little  girls,  having  learned  how  the 
chrysalis  looks,  picked  up  one  that  had 
fallen,  and  took  it  home.  Great  was  her 
admiration  and  that  of  her  family  when 
later  the  shining  yellow-edge  butterfly 
escaped  from  the  small,  ugly  case. 

To  one  it  seems  that  this  study  of 
nature  should  be  encouraged  by  all  par¬ 
ents  and  others  who  have  children  un¬ 
der  their  car^.  How  much  more  whole¬ 
some  is  such  an  interest  than  that  which 
figures  so  largely  in  the  minds  of  some 
children — their  dress,  and  their  per¬ 
sonal  appearance.  This  love  of  nature 
will  be  a  pure  and  life-long  .pleasure, 
and  will  conduce  to  contentment  when 
much  else  is  denied.  Then  again  the 
religious  life  of  the  child  will  be  fos¬ 
tered,  for  the  question  must  naturally 
come  sometime,  “How  do  these  things 
come  to  be  ?”  And  when  that  is  an¬ 
swered,  the  heart  must  respond  with 
thanks  to  the  Maker  and  Giver  of  these 
good  gifts.  E.  F.  M. 

The  man  who  never  learns  anything 
from  his  own  blunders  couldn’t  learn 
anything  in  any  college. — Ram’s  Horn. 


More  Heat 


There  is  a  Jewel 
Stove  to  exactly  meet 
your  needs  and  lead¬ 
ing  dealers  in  most  local¬ 
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Select  the  stove  at  the  store, 
have  it  put  up  in  your  home 
under  a  double  guarantee  —  the 
dealer’s  andf.our  own. 


JEWEL 


Over  4.000.000 in  use 


are  made  in  many  styles,  sizes  and 

S rices  but  all  of  one  quality— ’the 
est.  Forty-five  years  of  experience 
and  know-how  goes  into  each  Jewel. 
Over  4.000,000  housewives  are  en¬ 
thusiastic  in  their  praise  of  Jewel 
Stoves  and  Ranges. 

Jewel  Stoves  may  cost  a  little  more 
to  buy  than  some  others  but  they 
soon  save  many  times  their  cost  in 
the  saving  of  f ue?l  they  make — “Buy 
a  Jewel  and  Save  Fuel.” 

You  owe  it  to  yourself  to  investi¬ 
gate  the  Jewel  before  you  buy  any 
stove  or  range.  10,000  dealers  can 
show  and  demonstrate  the  Jewel  to 
you.  - ,  / 

Write  for  our  new  stove  booklet™ 
it  pictures,  describes  and  tells  in 
detail  how  the  “Jewel”  saves  fuel. 

DETROIT  STOVE  WORKS 

"Largest  Stove  Plant  In  the  World" 

Detroit,  Dept.  J  Chicago. 


■  Ml 

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with  Treadwell’s  Polishing  Cloth.  Always 
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than  any  other  polish. 

Cloth,  12x20  inches;  by  mail  postpaid,  25c. 
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1857  California  Street,  Denver,  Colo. 

t_t  \t  T7'  xy _ Calif,  sage  honey,  freight  paid,  per 

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design. 

N.  Wertheimer  &  Sons, 
Ligonier,  Ind. 


Water  Pumped 
Winter  and  Summer 

without  labor.  Zero  weather 
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least;  •  your  sailings  tire  most.  And  a  post  card  does  it  5§f.; 
all.  Write  to-day  for  our  big  free  Catalog  and  it  will  be  ;||| 
sent  postpaid  by  return  mall. 

R.  H.  MACY  &  CO.,“',,L“r  New  York 


i 


1911. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-VORKEK 


1013 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  patterns  and  measurements 
desired. 

A  smart  short  coat  is  shown  in  7146, 
which  is  very  desirable  for  a  jacket 
suit  The  coat  is  made  with  front,  side- 
fronts,  back  and  side-backs.  The 
sleeves  are  made  in  regulation  coat 


7146  Double  Breasted  Coat  with 
Shawl  Collar,  34  to  44  bust. 

style  with  upper  and  under  portions,  and 
are  without  fullness  at  the  shoulders. 
The  shawl  collar  finishes  the  neck  edge. 
For  the  medium  size  will  be  required  4 
yards  of  material  27,  2 /  yards  44  or  52 
inches  wide  with  24  yard  of  silk  for 
the  collar.  The  pattern,  No.  7146,  is 
cut  in  sizes  for  a  34,  36,  38,  40,  42  and 
44  inch  bust  measure;  price  10  cents. 


The  group  of  patterns  includes  7133, 
peasant  blouse,  34  to  44  bust.  7148, 
fancy  tucked  blouse,  34  to  40  bust,  with 


high  or  low  neck,  with  or  without 
under-sleeves.  7100,  short  coat  for 
misses  and  small  women,  14,  16  and  18 
years.  7093,  six-gored  skirt  for  misses 
and  small  women,  14,  16  and  18  years. 
7147,  six-gored  skirt,  22  to  32  waist, 
with  high  or  natural  waist  line.  7111, 
girl’s  coat,  6,  8,  10  and  12  years.  Price 
of  each  pattern  10  cents. 


Cure  for  Ivy  Poison. — Take  one  pint 
of  peach  leaves  and  one  quart  of  water 
and  boil  it  for  five  minutes  and  it  is 
ready  for  use.  As  soon  as  it  has  cooled 
enough  to  put  your  hands  in  it,  to  wring 
cloths  out,  apply  as  hot  as  you  can  stand 
it.  Repeat  until  the  itching  is  all  gone; 
you  can  see  when  it  is  dead.  This  is  an 
excellent  cure,  and  always  convenient 
on  a  farm.  mrs.  c.  l.  f. 


Keeping  Meat  Without  Ice. 

In  answer  to  your  question  of  how 
to  keep  meat  without  ice,  I  will  give 
you  our  method :  In  our  latitude  a  hole 
in  the  ground — or  well — 14  feet  deep 
gives  a  temperature  of  44°  Fah.  We 
have  such  a  well,  dug  down  to  the 
water  line,  which  is  curbed  up  with 
plank  to  prevent  it  from  caving  in.  The 
well  is  three  feet  square  and  covered 
with  screen.  It  is  also  covered  with  a 
roof  four  feet  above  the  surface  of  the 
ground.  The  meat  is  suspended  down 
near  the  bottom  of  this  well.  f.  j.  b. 

This  is  a  very  simple  and  inexpensive 
thing  to  do.  The  temperature  eight 
feet  under  ground  is  45  degrees  the 
year  round.  This  is  as  cold  as  you  can 
make  the  air  in  a  refrigerator  with  ice. 
Excavate  a  hole  under  whatever  room 
you  wish  to  locate  your  refrigerator, 
eight  feet  deep,  the  width  and  breadth 
to  depend  upon  how  large  sized  refrig¬ 
erator  you  want.  I  use  a  round  one,  15 
inches  in  diameter  and  four  feet  long. 
If  your  room  is  over  the  cellar,  then 
four  feet  in  cellar  will  suffice,  but  you 
must  wall  up  to  floor  above.  The  hole 
in  the  ground  should  be  large  enough 
to  enable  you  to  get  down  into  it  if 
necessary  to  clean.  It  would  be  better, 
also,  to  cement  the  walls,  but  not  neces¬ 
sary.  Your  hoisting  apparatus  may  be 
as  primitive  as  you  like.  Pull  up  your 
closet  with  a  rope  by  hand,  or  rig  a 
crank  with  a  ratchet.  The  hoisting  rope 
must  be  attached  to  bottom  of  closet, 
in  order  to  pull  it  to  the  level  of  the 
floor,  and  a  cover  to  the  floor  opening 
can  be  arranged  to  be  pushed  up  by  the 
closet  and  fall  back  in  place  when  the 
closet  is  lowered.  You  can  buy  the  en¬ 
tire  outfit  for  $20.  FRANK  HYDE. 

New  York. 

My  method  is  to  cover  chickens  with 
the  coldest  water  I  can  get  from  the 
well  and  put  pail  containing  same  in  a 
cool  place  in  the  cellar.  Renew  water 
if  it  gets  too  warm.  Of  course  I  would 
not  expect  to  keep  them  more  than  two 
days,  but  from  experience  I’ve  learned 
this  to  be  a  better  way  than  to  hang 
them  up.  I  think  any  fresh  meat  would 
keep  the  same  way.  A  quantity  of  meat 
which  is  intended  to  last  for  some  time 
may  be  canned.  I  shall  be  glad  to  hear 
how  others  keep  meat  who  have  no  ice. 

MRS.  J.  M.  H. 

R.  N.-Y. — On  visiting  the  kitchen  of 
a  Chinese  restaurant  we  found  poultry 
was  kept  in  this  way,  in  zinc  pans  of 
ice-cold  water,  frequently  changed  as  it 
grew  tepid. 

Corn  Chowder. — This  is  very  good. 
Two  slices  salt  pork  cut  fine  and  fried 
to  a  nice  brown  with  two  onions  cut 
fine.  Cut  four  potatoes  in  little  squares 
and  boil  five  minutes,  then  drain  and 
rinse  in  cold  water.  Put  potatoes  in 
kettle  with  pork  and  onions  (fried) 
and  add  one  pint  of  water;  boil  hard, 
then  add  one  pint  of  green  corn  cut 
from  cob.  When  all  is  cooked  add  one 
pint  of  milk,  salt  and  pepper  and  serve 
hot.  MRS.  B.  B.  B. 

Peanut  Canapes. — Pass  a  cupful  of 
unsalted  peanut  meat  through  the  meat 
chopper  as  often  as  may  be  necessary 
to  insure  there  being  no  large  pieces. 
Put  into  a  bowl,  with  a  dash  of  cayenne 
and  another  of  black  pepper,  a  tea¬ 
spoonful  of  salt,  a  couple  of  sardines, 
and  chop  all  together.  Then  add 
enough  good  tomato  catsup  to  make  a 
paste.  Spread  the  mixture  on  slices  of 
hot  buttered  toast  and  serve. 


SCOTT’S 

EMULSION 


is  the  near-nature  treatment 
for  Consumption. 

The  power  it  creates, 
its  purity  and  whole¬ 
someness  are  Nature’s 
greatest  aid  in  over¬ 
coming  disease. 

ALL  DRUGGISTS 

11-52 


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ALL-WOOL  CHEVIOT  SUIT  ONLY  j 

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MAGNIFICENTLY  tailored  suit  of  choico  • 
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fastening  with  five  pretty  smoked  pearl  but-  : 
tons.  Stylish  three  piece  back,  forming  an  ; 
attractive  center  panel,  trimmed  at  bottom  • 
with  twelve  small  pearl  buttons.  New  man-  I 
nish  sleeve,  handy  slit  pockets.  Lined  with  j 
fine  quality  colored  satin,  interlined  in  front  • 
with  strong  canvas.  Skirt  is  latest  six  gore  ; 
model,  with  graceful  inverted  pleat  on  each  : 
side  seam.  Finished  with  a  narrow  stitched  • 
belt  of  self  material.  In  black,  navy  blue,  ■ 
and  a  pretty  seal  brown.  Sizes,  32  to  44  : 
bust.  Mention  color  and  size  desired.  Or-  : 
der  No.  21A170I.  MACY'S  Prepaid  ; 

OUR  BIG  FREE  CATALOGUE  C  j 

Is  filled  with  just  such  values  as  this — 636  : 
pages  of  the  greatest  price  savings  in  the  ; 
history  of  retail  merchandising.  Our  big  ■ 
book  quotes  you  the  lowest  prices  in  America  • 
on  dependable  wearing  apparel  and  homo  ne-  : 
cessities.  Remember,  we  PREPAY  DELIV-  ; 
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the  bottom  where  it  drops  off 

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FUMA 


9  9  kin.  Prairie  Dogs, 
Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
and  Grain  Insects. 
“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

Ewith  “Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  are  doing. 

EDWAKl)  K.  TAYLOR,  Venn  Yan,  H.  Y. 


PATENT 


SECURED  OR  FEE  RETURNED. 

t  ree  Patent  Book,  Selling  Guide  and 
List  of  Buyers  and  Manufacturers  of 
Inventions.  ADVICE  FREE.  Send  sketch. 

FARNHAM  &  SUES,  Attys.,  648  F.  St., Washington.  D.C. 


/aMore  Waters1/,";.1;1,;; 

“American”  Centrifugal  Pump 


than  by  others  because  the  impeller 
is  accurately  machined  to  the  casing, 
preventing  any  sudden 
change  in  direction 
of  the  water.  Not 

an  ounce  ol  power 

is  wasted.  Every 
American”  Cen¬ 
trifugal  absolutely 
guaranteed. 

Write  for  new 
catalog. 

THE  AMERICAN  WELL  WORKS 
Office  and  Works.  Aurora.  Ill. 

_ Fi  rat  Nations!  Bank  Building,  CHICAGO 


You 
Can  Feel  Safe 


when  driving  home  at  night 
if  you  use  a  Rayo  road 
lantern. 

Its  strong,  white  light  re¬ 
veals  the  road  ahead ;  the 
ruby  disc  in  the  reflector  is 
a  warning  in  the  rear. 

It  is  attached  to  the  vehicle  by  a 
simple  bracket.  Lift  it  off,  and  you 
have  a  first-class  hand  lantern. 

Rayo  lanterns  are  made  in  nu¬ 
merous  styles,  sizes  and  finishes. 
They  are  the  strongest  and  most 
reliable  you  can  find, 
and  will  not  blow 
or  jar  out. 

All  Rayo  lanterns  are 
equipped  with  selected  Rayo 
globes,  clear,  red  or  green,  as 
desired.  Wicks  inserted  in 
burners,  ready  to  light. 

Dealers  everywhere ;  or 
write  for  descriptive  circular 
direct  to  any  agency  of  the 


Standard  Oil  Company 

(Incorporated) 


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(^OOD  morning.  Doctor — my 
husband  is  laid  up  again  with 
a  bad  cold.’’ 

“He  should  have  taken  my  advice, 
and  worn 

WRIGHT’S 

HEALTH  UNDERWEAR 

Warmest  underwear  made — soft  and  smooth  to 
the  skin — well  ventilated  and  absorbs  moisture  per¬ 
fectly,  becauseoftheloop-stitch.  Won’t  “mat” 
after  washing.  Perfect-fitting  and  long-wearing. 

All  weights  and  styles  for  all  seasons.  SI. 00  to 
<2. 50  for  Shirts  and  Drawers;  $1.50  to  $4.00  for 
Union  Suits,  if  not  at  your  dealer’s,  send  us  his 
name  and  we’ll  see  you  are  supplied. 

Write  for  booklet  contain¬ 
ing  sample  fabrics. 

Wright’s  Health  Underwear  Co. 

85  Franklin  Street.  NEW  YORK 

Also  makers  of  Wright’s  Spring- 
Needle  Ribbed  Underwear.  Per¬ 
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shape  indefinitely. 


Write  for 
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Worth 
$18  to  $30 


You  can  wear  clothes  as  stylish  as  can  be 
bought  on  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York,  and  pay 
for  them  at  living  prices,  because  we  save  you 
the  middleman’s  protit.  Our  suits  and  coats 
are  of  fine  material,  handsomely  tailored,  and 
are  guaranteed  to  please  you. 

We  pay  express  charges  East  of  Mississippi 
and  make  allowances  West  of  it. 


Our  book  offers  a  wide  variety  of  woolen  samples 
from  which  to  choose.  A  post-card  request 
brings  it  to  you. 


GLEN  ROCK  WOOLEN  CO. 

203  Main  Street  Somerville,  N.  J. 

a  . — -a 


101-4 


THE  NEW-YORKER 


October  14, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 


THE  STORY  OF  A  DAIRY  HERD. 

I  send  the  individual  milk  yield  of  my 
purebred  Holstein-Friesian  cattle  from 
January  2  to  July  1,  1911;  also  esti¬ 
mated  cost  of  milk  production  and  price 
received  at  creamery.  The  R.  N.-Y.  put 
it  into  my  head  to  weigh  each  cow’s 
milk  to  find  out  which  were  the  poor 
cows.  I  had  one;  she  has  been  sold. 
This  record  was  made  without  silage, 


it  is  well  to  be  sure  you  are  dealing  with 
an  honest  man  with  a  reputation  for 
fair  dealing  and  a  good  name  to  sustain. 
There  are  just  as  many  honest  breeders 
as  there  are  honest  men  in  any  business, 
and  just  as  many  crooks.  So, 'go  just  as 
carefully  as  you  can,  and  get  good  reg¬ 
istered  stock,  and  by  all  means  from 
herds  that  have  have  a  good  record. 

j.  c.  ROPER. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  Breeders’  Association 
is  now  very  careful  about  registering 
animals.  The  only  way  for  the  breeder 
mentioned  to  escape  detection  would 
have  been  to  substitute  the  grade  calf  for 
one  of  about  the  same  age  that  had 


H.  F.  H.  B.  No.  .  . 

120291 

83890 

87123 

58366 

75201 

84208 

143855 

113857 

143851 

82054 

Yield  of 

Price 

Herd 

Received 

Marie 

Mer- 

Grace 

Josey 

Milly 

Meta 

Me- 

Emma 

Naida 

Paul- 

Per  Month 

at 

cedes 

De  Kol 

M„2d 

Pearl 

childa 

ine 

Creamery 

(4761.7  lbs. 

3%c. 

January  . 

1139.2 

1407.1 

947.8 

724  0 

Dry 

Dry 

Heifer 

Ileifer 

Ileifej 

543.6 

-<  or 

(2,214  qts. 

$80.25 

(4510.6  lbs. 

314c. 

1146.9 

1120.6 

802.3 

665.1 

Dry 

Dry 

222  6 

554.4 

-<  or 

(2,028  qts. 

$73.93 

(9389.5  lbs. 

3c. 

March . 

1223.1 

1250.5 

896.5 

409.5 

1676.1 

1028.0 

1109.6 

299.3 

827.3 

569.6 

or 

(4,832  qts. 

$144.96 

(9917.4  lbs. 

2%c. 

April . 

1051.0 

1032.3 

821.3 

525.2 

1763.7 

1215.8 

1006.4 

1032.0 

867.5 

596.2 

<  or 

(4,612  qts. 

$121.06 

(8791.0  lbs. 

234c. 

May . 

899.6 

1028.3 

771.1 

249.1 

1572.1 

1160.2 

1025.9 

817.0 

757.9 

509.9 

<  or 

(4,088  qts. 

$102.10 

(7173.7  lbs. 

234c. 

Juno . 

774.3 

859.4 

594.2 

Dry 

1219.5 

1092.6 

948.1 

802.3 

626.0 

257.3 

*{  or 

(3,336  qts. 

$75.06 

Total  for  six 
months . 

6233.1 

6698.2 

4833.2 

2572.0 

6231.4 

4496.6 

4090.0 

2950.6 

3401.4 

3031.6 

44,543.9 

$597.36 

Cost . 

293.80 

Net  profit. .$303.56 

Cost  of  Producing  44,543.9  Pounds  of  Milk. 

Pasture — five  weeks  at  50  cents  per  week — 10  cows . 

Hay— three  tons,  estimated  at  $12.00 .  36.00 

Feed — wet  brewer’s  grains  at  $7.50 . . . . .  <3.80 

Feed— dry  grain,  oilineal,  gluten  meal  and  cottonseed  meal..  60.00 
Feed — corn  and  oilmeal,  estimated,  five  tons  at  $30.00 . 100.00 

Corn  fodder  not  priced,  $293.80 


but  I  have  bought  a  silo  for  this  Win¬ 
ter.  I  would  like  to  see  others  give 
their  herd  yields,  cost  of  producing 
same  and  kinds  of  feed  fed.  Although 
my  herd  yield  is  not  large,  profits  are 
fair,  and  I  think  I  can  do  better  with 
silage  and  Alfalfa,  of  which  I  expect  to 
put  in  four  acres  next  year.  g.  d.  w. 

Somerville;,  N.  J. 


Home  of  the  Black  and  White. 

The  first  page  picture,  Fig.  397,  shows 
the  herd  on  the  dairy  farm  of  H.  A. 
Robinson  &  Son,  Chenango  Co.,  N.  Y. 
The  cows  are  coming  from  pasture  and 
make  a  scene  familiar  to  dairymen  in 
that  section.  Mr.  Robinson  makes  the 
following  statement  which  will  be  new 
to  many  of  our  readers : 

There  has  been  a  club  formed  of  the 
breeders  of  Holstein-Friesian  cattle  of 
Madison  and  Chenango  counties.  There  are 
between  300  and  400  members  of  the  Hol¬ 
stein-Friesian  Association  living  in  these 
two  counties,  and  I  think  over  half  are 
members  of  the  club  and  it  is  expected  that 
nearly  all  will  join  in  the  near  future. 
A  few  facts  were  brought  out  by  the  last 
census  that  are  worthy  of  notice.  There 
are  more  registered  Holstein-Friesian  cattle 
in  Madison  and  Chenango  counties  than  in 
any  other  section  of  the  world  of  the 
same  size  except  Holland,  and  more  world's 
records  have  been  made  here  than  in  any 
other  section  of  like  area. 

With  this  great  development  of  the 
purebred  black  and  white  cattle  siloes 
are  springing  up  everywhere,  and 
Alfalfa  is  coming  in.  It  is  a  wonderful 
dairy  section. 


“Make  the  Papers  Fit.” 

While  the  writer  was  traveling 
through  the  county  of  Saratoga  re¬ 
cently,  this  subject  was  forcibly  brought 
to  mind  by  an  object  lesson.  A  promi¬ 
nent  breeder  of  registered  Guernsey  cat¬ 
tle  was  showing  us  his  fine  stock,  and 
he  had  some  calves  in  the  stable  that  we 
particularly  admired.  One  was  marked 
very  fine  and  was  only  a  few  days 
older  than  another  calf  that  was  not  so 
nicely  marked.  This  man  said :  “The 
one  that  is  so  nicely  marked  is  only 
fifteen-sixteenths  Guernsey,  while  the 
other  calf  is  eligible  to  registration  and 
has  a  fine  pedigree,  and  in  two  weeks  no 
man  can  tell  which  is  the  oldest  calf, 
and  if  I  were  inclined  to  be  dishonest, 
why  could  I  not  have  the  grade  regis¬ 
tered,  as  that  is  a  better  marked  indi¬ 
vidual,  and  call  the  other  calf  the  grade? 
No  one  would  know  the  difference  but 
myself,  but  it  would  be  deception.  While 
the  grade  might  make  just  as  good  a 
cow,  yet  the  breeding  is  lacking,  which 
is  the  main  point  in  registered  cattle.” 

In  buying  any  kind  of  registered  stock 


died.  That  is  perhaps  the  most  common 
trick.  The  Guernsey  people  are  careful 
and  try  to  surround  the  registry  with 
many  safeguards,  but,  as  Mr.  Roper 
states,  the  surest  plan  is  to  deal  only 
with  honest  breeders.  You  must  rely 
upon  the  breeder’s  word  more  or  less, 
anyway.  The  “papers  must  fit  the  cows,” 
and  you  will  do  well  to  keep  away  from 
jockeys  and  traders  when  you  are  after 
purebred  stock. 


PrndlTfPlW  for  New  ^ork  City  market 
I1UUUIC1A  desiring  information  how  to 
form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 


HOUSES 


PONIES— Spotted  &  solid  colors.  Brood  mares.  Best  paying 
stock  kept  on  farm.  Sherman  Sanford,  Seymour,  Conn. 


Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
at  farmers'  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  l’enna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O, 


ON  ACCOUNT  of  selling  most  of  farm,  I  offer  a 
few  extra  fine  imported  DRAFT  MARES  at  less 
than  original  cost.  C.  F.  MOUNT,  Koppkl,  Fa. 


STALLION  FOR  SALE  OR  TRADE. 

KCSHIKO,  Trotting  Stallion,  a  first-class  siring 
son  of  Kremlin,  is  offered  for  sale  for  $500,  or  will 
trade  for  a  first-class  “roadster  automobile.'’  This 
stallion  has  a  mark  of  2.08,  is  pronounced  sound 
by  Dr.  Edward  Moore  of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  is  guaran¬ 
teed  fearless,  kind  and  gentle  in  all  harness,  and 
has  never  hurt  a  fly.  Particulars  by  letter. 

R.  B.  ANDERSON, 

Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford,  Conn. 


Having  Just  Arrived  from  the  New 
York  State  Fair  with  a  Lot  of 

PREMIUM  HORSES 

We  are  now  ready  for  business  at  prices  never 
heard  of  before.  We  have  both  Imported  and 
Home-Bred  Registered 

PERCHERONS 

Prices— $350  to  $750  on  Mares,  according 
to  age,  weight  and  size. 
Stallions  from  $500  to  $2,000. 

These  prices  include  the  Great  Stallion  NOGEN- 
TAIS,  winning  first  with  three  of  his  get;  also  the 
5-year-old  Stallion  ROULE,  winning  the  4-year-old 
and  over  class  with  14  animals  in  the  ring. 

We  have  on  hand  in  all  about  SIXTY  HEAD. 
Don’t  wait  to  write— come  and  see  us  at  once.  No 
peaches  and  cream,  but  plenty  of  plums,  and  plumb 
good  ones. 

D.  J.  GRINDELL,  Kenton,  Ohio 


T  HAVE  just 
arrived 


fromBelgium, 
France  and 
Germany, 
where  I  pur¬ 
chased  an  ex¬ 
tra  fine  lot  of 


STALLIONS  <♦ 
and  MARES 


of  the  differ¬ 
ent  breeds, 
which  will  ar¬ 
rive  at  the 


Sharon  Valley  Stock  Farm, 

Newark,  Ohio, 

in  the  next  ten  days.  Will  be  glad  to  welcome  any 
customers  to  the  farm.  Will  also  exhibit  at  all  the 
leading  fairs  in  Ohio,  Pennsylvania  and  West  Vir¬ 
ginia,  where  I  will  be  glad  to  meet  friends  and 
customers.  Col.  G.  W.  CRAWFORD. 


D  O  G-  S 


pm  I  IE  D 1 1 DQ — From  imported  stock.  Females 

uULLIL  rUlOcheap.  Nelson  Bros.  Grove  City,  Pa. 


DA.IILY  CATTLE 


HANDSOME  SOLID  COLORED  SONS  OE 

Owl  and  Model’s  Oxford  Lad  Krishna 

Son  of  The  Owl  and  Fontaine  Boyle — 3  lbs.  butter  in  24 

hours.  Dam  Owl’s  Oxford  Veda  and  Dan  Spermfield 

Owl’s  Veda,  both  advanced  registry. 

NO.  1,  son  of  OWL’S  MODEL  FOX  KATYDID— 14 
qts.  with  first  calf.  Eight  mouths  old— $50. 

No.  2,  son  of  MENDALE  PIETY— 2,400  lbs.  in  sixty 
days.  Five  months  old — $40. 

No.  3,  son  of  OWL’S  MODEL  FOX'S  VIOLA 
d’AMORE— 6,000  lbs.  milk  as  a  two-year-old. 
Four  months  old— $35. 

No.  4,  son  of  ADMIRABLE  FORFARSHIRE  HAM 
LEY— 17  qts.  with  second  calf.  Four  months 
old— $35. 

ESPERANZA  FARM,  Litchfield  Co.,  New  Hartford,  Conn. 


“Q  U  ALI  T  T” 

FOR  SALE— THREE  HIGH  BRED  YOUNG  JERSEY  BULLS,  ALL 
OUT  OF  REGISTER  OF  MERIT  COWS 

Dam  of  No.  1,  8128.3  lbs.  milk  in  286  days, 

testing  527  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 
Dam  of  No.  2,  11265.3  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

testing  701  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 
Dam  of  No,  3,  12840.6  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

testing  803  lbs.  8  oz.  butter 
We  also  have  a  nice  bunch  of  bred  heifers  due  to  calve 
this  Fall  and  early  Winter.  Write  for  description 
ami  prices,  or  better  yet  come  and  see  them,  visitors 
always  welcome.  E.W.  Mosher, "Briolitside,”  Aurora,  N.Y. 


LAUREL  FARM 


Breeds  the  cattle 
that  most  eco¬ 
nomically  turn  farm  produce  into  money— 
JERSEYS,  and  the  swine  that  do  the  same 
thing—  BERKSHIRES.  Which  do  YOU  want? 
J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 


REG.  HOLSTEINS 

Superior  individuals,  deep,  heavy  milkers,  in  fine  con¬ 
dition.  If  you  are  a  dealer,  you  can  please  your  custom¬ 
ers;  if  a  breeder,  or  beginner,  you  can  save  the  middle¬ 
man’s  profit.  Also,  one  of  the  best  bred  mule  eulves 
in  this  country  and  other  males  at  bargain  prices.  Write, 
phone,  or  come  and  see  me.  R.  It.  Stations,  Valley  Mills, 
on  O.  &  W.,  Vernon,  Syracuse  &  Utica  Electrics. 

F.  H.  RIVENBURGH,  Hillhurst  Farm,  Munnsville,  N.  Y. 


Breed  Up-Not  Down^o^ri™7" 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  R.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


DE  K0L  BURKE  BLOOD. 

Will  sell  . ONTARIO  COUNT  DE  KOL,  Holstein 
Bull,  half  white,  born  April  25th,  by  America  De 
Kol  Burke,  out  of  Bettina  De  Kol.  Bargain  at  $75, 
f.  o.  b.  CLOVE RDALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 


EAST  RIVER 
GRADE  HOLSTEINS 

215— For  Sale— 215 

30  large  handsome  cows,  just  fresh. 

75  cows  due  in  Sept,  and  Oct.  that  have  records  of 
9,000  to  11,000  lbs.  of  milk  last  year. 

90  yearlings  and  two-year  heifers,  extra  nice. 

JOHN  B.  WEBSIEK, 

Bell  Phone  566  F12,  Dept.  R,  CORTLAND,  N.  Y. 


Bit, 71.  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU.  Somerville  N.  J. 


SHELDONCROFT 

J.  T.  RUSSELL,  Prop.  CHAS.  B.  DAYTON,  Supt. 

SILVER  LAKE,  Susq.  Co.,  Pa. 

Pure  Bred  Jersey  Cattle.  Berkshire  Swine. 


PurolG)  Qtnnl/  Farm— Registered  Jersey  Bulls 
LUiena  Oiuun  1(11  III  and  Heifers,  6  months  to  2 
years  old.  Chester  White,  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  Pups  and  a  variety 
of  poultry.  Send  two-cent  stamp  for  circular. 

EDWARD  WALTER,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


JS  I  I  E  E  P 


R  AMC  FOR  Q  A  I  F~ Registered  Shropshire 
IvrliYIO  I  L/IY  Or\  LL  yearlings  and  two-year- 


olds.  Also,  one  four-year-old  Hirnmer  Ram  and 
some  nice  Ram  Lambs.  E.  E.  StevensS  Son, Wilson,  N.Y. 


FOR  SALE  ,4™w  ramBOUILLET  RAMS 

J.  P.  TUCK,  Manager,  Elm  Place,  Avon,  N.  Y. 


Snowcroft  Hampshire  Downs 

150  Rams  and  Ewes  from  best  English  Foundation 
stock.  All  shipments  guaranteed  as  described. 

DR.  S.  F.  SNOW.  713  University  Block,  SYRACUSE.  N.  Y. 


IF  YOU  WANT 

SHROPSHIRE  orSOUTHDOWN  SHEEP 

of  the  best  breeding  and  quality,  write  the 
NIAGARA  STOCK  FARM.  J.  C.  Duncan,  Mgr. 
Lewiston,  N.  Y. 


SIXTH 


National  ^ 
'Dairy  Show, 
k  .Chicago. 


w 


October  26— November  4,  1911 

Court  of  Last  Appeal 

Being  the  Final  Contest  for  the  Show  Yard 
Supremacy  of  the  Year. 

FIRST  IN  DAIRY  CATTLE  FIRST  IN  DAIRY  PRODUCTS 
i  FIRST  IN  DAIRY  MACHIN  ERY 
FIRST  IN  EDUCATION  •*  FIRST  IN  ATTRACTIONS 

Write  today  for  most  liberal  premium  list  ever 
offered  arid  rates  for  exhibition  space.  If  inter¬ 
ested  from  any  standpoint  whatever  send  us 
your  name  for  free  bulletins  with  all  news  of 
the  Show.  Address 

National  Dairy  Show  Ass’n  130c5hSoy.  iud0- 


SWIKTE 


GOLDEN  BEAUTY  HERD  of  DUR0C- 

I  CD C  C  VC  Quality  and  breeding  that  satisfies 

tlCflOC  I  O  Willard  Wnlrnth,  Tort  Plain,  N.  Y. 


]  BELTED  HAMPSHIRE  SWINE] 

,  WELL  marked  pics  t 

;  CHAS.  STEWART  DAVISON  [ 
<  60  Wall  St,,  New  York  City  [ 

^  v  *  Tyyyy  T-T  T'T.Tvv».....rr'i 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.Y 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.- 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Pioorietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 

URGE  ENGLISH  YORKSHIRES 

linported.  Young  BOARS— Bred  SOWS.  Prices 
right.  Sheldon  Homestead,  Martinsburg,  N.  Y. 


FEED  HIGH— PIGS  LOW— Buy  now  for  another  year's 
1  advanced  prices.  O.  I.  C.  pig  half  price.  PARDY 
BROS.,  Cross  Road  Farm,  Plattsburgh,  N.  Y. 


mipnpc  THE  big,  deep  fellows 

UUllwUO  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

S1IENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 


Reg.  P.  Chinas,  Berkshires,  C.  Whites. 

Fine,  large  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 
Pups,  Beagles  and  Poultry  .Write  fox 
prices  &  circulars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Ercildoun  Pa. 


CHELOON  FARM  registered  Dnrocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
J  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  B.  BARNES,  Oxford.  N.  Y. 


FASHIONABLY  BRED  BERKSHIRES 

A  few  Spring  and  Summer  PTGS  for  sale  at  rea¬ 
sonable  prices.  Dr.  J.  R.  ALLEN,  Orwell,  N.  Y. 


Large  Berkshires  at  Highwood 

Regular  Fall  offering  of  Service  Boars  and 
of  young  Figs  in  pairs  and  trios,  not  akin. 

H.  C.  &  H.  B.  Harpendimr,  Dundee,  N.  Y. 


Si  II  EE3? 


Qfi  Registered  Shropshire  EWES  for  sale.  Also 
yearling  RAMS.  H.  B.  Covert,  Lodi,  N.  Y. 


TOGGENBURG  BUCK  for  sale  Nov.  1st.  Large,  vigor- 
1  ous;  tawny  color;  well  marked;  horned ;  gentle; 
four  years  old.  E.  N.  Barrett,  Bedford  Hills,  N.Y. 


HIGHLAND  FARM 

Shropshi  res— yearlings 
and  lambs  of  either  sex.  Bred  for  type  and 
quality.  VV.  F.  BLACK,  HALL,  N.  Y. 


REGISTERED  SHROPSHIRE  RAMS 

Yeoman.  FRED.  VAN  VLEET,  Lodi,  N.  Y. 


Grade  up  your  common  stock  with  a  Purebred 

HOLSTEIN  SIRE 

It  won’t  be  long  before  you’ll  have  a  fine  money¬ 
making  herd. 

Holstein  Bulls  impress  their  characteristics 
upon  any  blood  with  which  they  come  in  contact, 
and  their  calves  are  thrifty  from  the  start. 

You  can’t  afford  to  use  a  scrub  bull.  A  Purebred  Hol¬ 
stein  Sire  is  soon  paid  for  by  the  improved  milking 
capacity  of  his  daughters  and  the  increasing  value  of  the 
herd  is  all  clear  profit. 

Wouldn’t  you  like  to  read  about  what  others  have  ac¬ 
complished  in  this  direction  ? 

Send  for  our  free  literature. 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN  ASS’N,  F.  L.  HOUGHTON.  Secy.  Box  105  Brattleboro,  Vt. 


Contains  full  information  and  complete  feeding  directions  for  using 


Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal — The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute 

Three  or  four  calves  can  be  raised  on  it  at  the  cost  of  one  where  milk  is  fed. 

|40  mill  feed  The  only  calf  meal  manufactured  in  an  exclusive  Calf  Meal  Factory 
Established  at  Leice.stgi,  England,  in  1 800, 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory,  -  -  Waukegan,  Illinois 


1911. 


THE  RHRAb  NEW-YORKER 


1016 


“MILK  SCORES”  COMPARED. 
Practically  the  Same  Condition. 

I  have  said  that  different  scores  of  the 
same  stable  under  practically  the  same 
conditions  sometimes  vary  20  points  or 
more,  and  I  have  been  asked  to  verify  this 
statement.  I  have  looked  up  a  number  of 
instances  of  seeming  discrepancies  in  scor¬ 
ing,  and  have  never  found  a  farmer’s  state¬ 
ments  to  be  exaggerated.  A  copy  of  a  score 
card  is  herewith  given,  and  two  scores  made 
the  past  Summer  are  annexed.  These  vary 
by  28  points.  This  is  more  than  is  usual, 
but  less  than  the  extreme.  In  this  in¬ 
stance  the  July  score  was  supposed  to  re¬ 
sult  in  the  loss  of  a  market  for  the  milk. 
The  August  score  was  telegraphed  for  to 
prevent  loss.  It  was  a  risk  to  take.  One 
does  not  know  which  way  the  second  man 
may  change  the  score.  In  this  instance  it 
was  -not  thought  possible  to  get  a  worse 
score,  and  so  the  risk  was  taken.  I  saw 
the  stable  and  the  premises  and  regard  them 
as  excellent.  The  August  score  was  none 
too  high. 

Equipment. 

Per-  Allowed, 
feet.  July.  Aug. 

15.  — Cow  stable  is  located 
on  elevated  ground  with  no 
stagnant  water,  hogpen, 
privy,  uncovered  cesspool  or 

manure  pit  within  100  feet.  Ill 

16.  — Floors,  other  than 

cow  beds,  are - of  con¬ 

crete,  or  some  other  non-ab¬ 
sorbent  material  .  2  0  0 

17.  — Floors  are  properly 

graded  and  water-tight .  2  0  2 

18.  — Cow  beds  are  of  con¬ 

crete  or  planks  laid  on  con¬ 
crete  .  2  0  0 

19.  — Drops  are  construct¬ 
ed  of  concrete,  stone  or 

6ome  non-absorbent  material.  2  0  0 

20. — Drops  are  water-tight 
and  space  beneath  is  clean 

and  dry  .  2  2  0 

21.  — Ceiling  is  constructed 

of  -  and  is  -  tight 

and  dust  proof  .  2  0  2 

22.  — Windows,  number 

total  square  feet  - - ; 

there  is  two  square  feet  of 
window  light  for  each  600 
cubic  feet  air  space  (1  sq.  ft. 

per  each  600  cu.  ft.  — 1 )  .  .  .  2  1  1 

23.  — Ventilation  consists  of 

-  square  feet  muslin-cov¬ 
ered  openings,  or - square 

feet  open  chutes  in  ceiling,  or 

- - — ,  which  is  sufficient,  3  ; 

fair,  2 ;  poor,  1 ;  insufficient, 

0  .  3  1  3 

24.  — Air  space  is - cubic 

feet  per  cow  (600  and  over, 

3)  (500  to  600,  2)  (400  to 

500,  1)  (under  400,  0) .  3  3  6 

25.  — Live  stock,  other  than 

cows,  are -  excluded  from 

rooms  in  which  milch  cows 

are  kept  .  2  2  2 

26.  — There  is  -  direct 

opening  from  stable  into  silo 

or  grain  pit  .  1  1  1 

27.  — Separate  quarters  are 
provided  for  cows  when 

calving  or  sick .  1  0  1 

28.  — Cow  yard  is  properly 

graded  and  drained .  2  0  2 

29.  — Water  supply  for  cows 

is  unpolluted  and  plentiful.  .1  1  1 

30.  — Milk  house  has  - 

direct  opening  into  barn  or 

Other  building  .  1  1  1 

31.  — Milk  house  has  - - 

sufficient  light  and  ventila¬ 
tion  .  1  1  1 

32.  — Floor  is -  properly 

graded  and  water-tight .  1  1  1 

33.  — Milk  house  is  - 

properly  screened  to  exclude 

flies  .  1  0  1 

34.  — Milk  pails  are - of 

smoothly  tinned  metal  in 

good  repair  .  1  1  1 

35.  — Milk  pails  have  - 

all  seams  soldered  flush ....  2  0  2 

36.  — Milk  pails  are  - 

of  small-mouthed  design,  top 
opening  not  exceeding  eight 
inches  in  diameter ;  diam¬ 
eter,  . 2  0  2 

37.  — Racks  are  — —  pro¬ 
vided  to  hold  milk  pails  and 

cans  when  not  in  use .  2  2  2 

38.  — Special  milking  suits 

are  provided  .  1  0  0 

Total .  40  18  30 

Methods. 

Per-  Allowed, 
feet.  July.  Aug. 

39.  — Stable  interior  paint¬ 
ed  or  whitewashed  on  - , 

which  is  satisfactory,  3 ; 
fair,  2 ;  unsatisfactory,  1  ; 

never,  0 .  3  3  3 

40.  — Feeding  troughs,  plat¬ 
forms  or  cribs  are  -  well 

lighted  and  clean . .  10  1 

41.  — Ceiling  is  free  from 
hanging  straw,  cobwebs  or 

dirt  .  3  0  3 

42.  — Window  panes  are 

-  washed  and  kept  clean  111 

43.  — Walls  and  ledges  are 
free  from  dirt,  dust, 


manure  or  cobwebs. 

44.  — Floors  and  premises 

arc  -  free  from  dirt,  rub¬ 

bish  or  decayed  animal  or 
vegetable  matter  .  2 

45.  — Cow  beds  are  - - 

clean  and  no  horse  manure  is 
used  thereon  .  2 

46.  — Manure  is  removed  to 

field  daily,  4  ;  to  at  least  100 
feet  from  barn,  2 ;  stored 
less  than  100  feet  or  where 
cows  can  get  at  it,  0 .  4 

47.  Liquid  matter  is  - - 

allowed  to  saturate  ground 
under  or  around  cow  barn.  .  2 

48. - — Milking  stools  are 

- — —  clean  . . .  i .  1 

49.  — Cow  yard  is  - - - 

clean  and  free  from  manure  2 

50.  — Cows  have  -  been 

tuberculin  tested  and  all 
tuberculous  cows  removed..  7 


51.  — Cows  are  -  all  in 

good  flesh  and  condition  at 
time  of  inspection .  2 

52.  — Cows  are  -  all 

free  from  clinging  manure 
and  dirt  (No.  dirty,  - ) . .  4 

53.  — Long  hairs  are  - 

kept  short  on  belly,  flanks, 
udders  and  tail  .  1 

54.  — I'dder  and  teats  of 

cows  are  -  thoroughly 

brushed  and  wiped  dry  with 
a  clean,  damp  cloth  before 
milking  .  3 

55.  — All  feed  is  -  of 

good  quality,  and  distilling 
waste  or  any  substance  in  a 
state  of  putrefication  is 
-  fed  .  2 

56.  — Milking  is  -  done 

with  dry  hands .  2 

57.  — Fore  milk  or  first 
few  streams  from  each  teat 

is  -  discarded  .  .» .  2 

58. — Clothing  of  milkers  is 
clean 


0  0 

0  0 

2  2 
2  2 


59. — Facilities  for  washing 

hands  of  milkers  are - 

provided  in  cow  barn  or  milk 
house  .  2 

00. — Milk  is  strained  at 
- -  and  -  in  clear  at¬ 
mosphere  .  1 

61.  — Milk  is  -  cooled 

within  two  hours  after  milk¬ 
ing  to  50  degrees  F.  3 ;  to 
5  degrees  F.  2 ;  to  60  degrees 
degrees  F.  1 .  3 

62.  — Ice  is  -  used  for 

cooling  .  1 

63.  — Milk  house  is  - - 

free  from  dirt,  rubbish  and 
all  material  not  used  in  the 
handling  and  storage  of  milk  1 

64. — Milk  utensils  are - 

rinsed  with  cold  water  im¬ 
mediately  after  using,  and 
washed  clean  with  hot  water 
and  washing  solution .  2 

65. — Utensils  are  sterilized 

by  steam  or  boiling  water 
after  each  using .  2 

66.  — Privy  is  -  in  sani¬ 

tary  condition,  with  vault 

and  seats  -  covered  and 

protected  .  1 


0 

1 


0  0 

1  1 

1  3 

1  1 

1  1 

2  2 

0  2 

0  1 


Delaware  Co.,  N.  Y. 


60 

29 

45 

40 

18 

30 

100 

47 

~75 

H.  H. 

L. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  TnE 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


3T 


Makes  Easy  Work  of 
Keeping  Stables  Clean 

This  Carrier  carries  an  800  pound  load  any 
distance.  Dumps  at  any  desired  point.  Solid 
high  carbon  steel  track  allows  any  number 
of  curves.  Seif  lowering  and  other  features 
found  only  In 

DAD  TED  FEED  and 
I  vw  1  Juft.  Litter  Carriers 

Heavy  galvanized  steel  joints  soldered  inside. 
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Get  catalog  of  Porter  Steel  Stalls  and 
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^DEPARTMENT  OF  ANIMAL 
INDUSTRY. 


lA 


<!'  ,<  V 


^DETROIT, MICH) 

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m  i 


AS  PRACTICAL  AS  IT  LOOKS 


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Dairy  Dept.  EARLVILLE,  N.  Y. 


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This  Winter 
lumber 

After  the  crops  are  all  harvested,  why  not  work  the 
wood  lot  for  the  money  that’s  in  it?  Fall  is  lumber 
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1582  Terminal  Bldg.,  New  York.  Chicago,  Savannah, New  Orleans. 


1O10 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


The  Henyard. 


Feather  Troubles. 

1.  Can  you  toll  me  what  makes  old  fowls 
lose  their  feathers  in  midwinter?  2.  What 
is  the  matter  with  young  chicks  that  do 
not  feather  and  look  ragged?  S.  B. 

I'atton,  Pa. 

1.  Your  hens  losing  their  feathers  in 
midwinter  may  be  due  to  a  kind  of  mi  to 
that  works  around  the  quills  of  the  feathers 
and  are  too  small  to  be  well  seen.  Hub  the 
bare  spots  with  carbolated  vaseline.  it  is 
more  than  likely  though  that  they  are  not 
getting  just  the  right  food  to  keep  their 
feathers  in  shape.  Try  feeding  a  little  lin¬ 
seed  meal  in  the  mash.  2.  Feeding  is 
also  the  trouble  with  your  young  stock 
I  think.  They  have  not  had  enough  meat 
and  feather  growing  food.  Keep  the  ragged 
ones  by  themselves.  Give  them  plenty  to 
eat  and  about  one  part  beef  scraps  and 
one  part  linseed  meal  to  10  parts  of  grain. 

K.  B. 


A  Liceless  Henhouse. 

On  page  952  Mr.  Clements  asks  about 
hen  lice.  I  had  no  lice  in  my  henhouses 
last  year.  This  made  me  careless,  and 
this  year  I  looked  for  them  once  a  month 
only.  Result,  up  to  May,  none.  After  re¬ 
sult :  In  June  as  many  as  the  inquirer  ever 
had.  I  did  like  Mr.  Clements;  sprayed, 
sprayed  and  sprayed,  and  did  not  get  rid  of 
them  entirely.  Finally,  with  a  cheap  and  ef¬ 
fective  mixture,  I  drenched  the  houses 
twice  in  three  days  and  cleaned  them  out 
entirely.  Mixture  is  one  gallon  kerosene 
and  two  quarts  of  water,  in  which  half  a 
cake  of  laundry  soap  has  been  dissolved. 
To  use  it,  add  seven  parts  of  water.  Then 
I  knocked  all  my  nests  and  roosts  and 
wooden  hoppers  to  pieces,  killed  the  mites 
out  of  pure  vengeance,  and  threw  every¬ 
thing  in  the  remotest  corner  of  my  one- 
acre  place.  There  sun  and  rain  are  disin¬ 


fecting  the  stuff.  Then  I  made  new,  lice- 
proof  roosts  of  my  own  invention.  They 
are  worth  lots  of  money  because  they  rep¬ 
resent  that  heavenly  condition  Mr.  Clem¬ 
ents  is  longing  for.  Put  you  get  the  recipe 
free.  Here  it  is ;  Take  planed  2x2s. 
Plane  off  edges.  Paint  with  Carbolineum 
Avenarius.  Saw  off  two  pieces  to  support 
the  lengthwise  pieces,  B.  Drill  holes 
through  both  where  they  cross  and  put 
nails  into  the  holes  (nails  4  inches  long). 
You  can  take  that  roost  apart  in  three 
seconds  and  put  it  back  in  six  seconds. 
Make  one  and  look  for  the  mites  or  lice 
after  two  months.  You  won’t  find  any.  I 
have  not  seen  more  than  two  dozen  lice  in 
two  months ;  none  of  them  on  the  roosts  or 
nests.  I  believe  that  if  I  paint  early  next 
Spring  the  houses  will  be  free  of  lice  and 
mites  all  the  year.  I  shall  do  it.  A  friend 
of  mine  did  it  with  this  result.  P.  K. 

Lynbrook,  N.  Y. 


The  Hen  Contest. 

The  record  of  the  10  Wyandottes  and 
10  Leghorns  is  thus  continued  for 
August : 

RECORD  OP  10  WYANDOTTES. 
Herewith  you  will  find  report  of  the 
Wyandottes  in  contest  for  month  of  August. 
During  the  month  they  consumed  or  have 
left  in  hoppers : 

18  lbs.  cracked  corn  at  $1.55  per  cwt.  .27 

12%  lbs.  oats  at  $1.35  per  bag . 25 

9%  lbs.  wheat  screenings  at  $1.45  per 

cwt . 14 

8  lbs.  beef  scraps  at  $1.75  per  cwt.. .  .14 
4  lbs.  wheat  bran  at  $1.47  per  cwt..  .06 


.86 

During  the  month  they  laid  148  eggs,  all 
of  which  were  held  for  incubator  use. 

This  gives  us  804  eggs,  costing  up  to 
September  1,  $6.69. 

RECORD  OP  10  W.  LEGHORNS. 

Herewith  you  will  find  report  of  the 
White  Leghorns  in  contest,  for  the  month 
of  August.  During  the  month  they  con¬ 
sumed,  or  have  left  in  hoppers : 

15%  lbs.  cracked  corn  at  $1.55  per  cwt.  .24 

12%  lbs.  oats  at  $1.35  per  bag . 25 

8  lbs.  beef  scraps  at  $1.75  per  cwt...  .14 
7  94  lbs.  wheat  screenings  at  $1.45  per 

cwt . 12 

6  lbs.  wheat  bran  at  $1.47  per  cwt..  .09 


.S4 

During  the  month  they  laid  157  eggs,  all 
of  which  were  held  for  incubators. 

w.  J.  DOUGAN. 

This  brings  the  count  up  to  872,  cost¬ 
ing  $5.79. 


An  Engineer  and  His  Hens. 

On  page  972  Mr.  L.  R.  Thatcher  made  a 
statement  about  the  record  of  his  flock  of 
S.  C.  W.  Leghorns.  There  have  been  calls 
for  further  details,  so  we  have  arranged 
with  Mr.  Thatcher  to  tell  us  how  he  man¬ 
ages  this  flock  in  playtime.  The  first  article 
follows : 

After  living  in  town  a  number  of  years 
we  moved  to  a  small  farm  about  two  miles 
out,  lioping  thereby  to  reduce  our  living  ex¬ 
penses  by  the  help  of  a  cow,  some  chickens, 
fruit  and  vegetables.  It  was  easy  getting 
to  work  on  a  bicycle  in  Summer,  but  often 
a  hard,  dark  walk  in  the  mud  and  snow  in 
Winter.  I  bought  at  what  I  then  thought 


October  14, 


a  very  high  price  30  White  Leghorn  pul¬ 
lets,  matured  and  about  to  lay,  and  the  way 
those  pullets  laid  eggs  is  what  set  me  think¬ 
ing.  After  several  years  of  ups  and  downs, 
reading  poultry  books  and  journals,  experi¬ 
menting,  fighting  ignorance  and  “varmints,” 
we  finally  settled  to  the  following  way, 
which  has  been  successful  for  the  past  three 
years.  This  is  how  we  get  eggs  that  hatch 
chicks  that  live  and  grow : 

In  October  we  select  the  first  75  pullets, 
age  considered,  out  of  a  flock  of  300  or 
more  that  start  to  lay.  These  are  leg- 
banded,  kept  in  the  laying  flock,  no  eggs 
are  hatched  from  them  in  their  pullet  year. 
When  molting  the  following  Fall  they  are 
separated  from  the  layers,  have  range  and 
enough  grain  in  deep  litter  in  Winter  to 
keep  them  in  good  health  and  flesh,  but  not 
enough  to  induce  much  laying  until  about 
March,  when  we  want  the  eggs  for  hatch¬ 
ing.  The  eggs  these  hens  then  give  are 
large,  heavy,  of  even  size  and  strong  shell, 
and  will  hatch  large,  plump,  fluffy  chicks 
with  eyes  like  shoe  buttons. 

Hatching  Chicks. — I  have  an  old-style 
hot-air  machine  that  I  fitted  up  with  sand 
trays.  This  machine  holds  400  large  eggs ; 
a  few  more  if  eggs  are  smaller,  and  in  15 
hatches  it  has  never  given  less  than  302 
strong  chicks,  with  335  the  best  hatch. 
Eggs  are  dipped  in  a  disinfectant  and  put 
in  machine  wet,  which  has  also  been  thor¬ 
oughly  scrubbed  with  the  dip.  Eggs  are 
turned  morning  and  evening  after  the  third 
day  by  rolling  them  about  the  trays  with 
the  hands.  They  also  get  plenty  of  airing. 
The  thermostat  on  this  old  machine  is  not 
so  sensitive  as  on  up-to-date  machines  and 
will  vary,  so  the  temperature  runs  from 
100  to  107  degrees.  This  used  to  worry 
me  so  I  was  about  to  put  on  new  regu¬ 
lators,  but  as  the  chicks  always  came  I  de¬ 
cided  to  let  good  enough  alone. 

Brooding  Chicks. — This  is  where  most 
of  us  fall  down.  We  tried  a  number  of 
ways,  and  makes  of  brooders,  but  finally  de¬ 
cided  th#t  the  brooders  on  the  market 
were  too  small  to  be  practical  for  us,  so 
we  tore  the  heating  fixtures  out  of  them 
and  used  them  in  a  brooder  of  our  own 
make  that  will  care  for  200  chicks.  It 
takes  about  as  much  time  to  care  for  a 
brood  of  35  to  50  chicks  as  it  does  for  200, 
and  we  grow  as  good  pullets  in  the  200 
brood  as  we  ever  did  in  the  smaller  brood, 
but  it  will  take  more  experience  and  better 
judgment  to  do  it.  These  brooders  are  put 
in  eight-foot  square  colony  houses,  on  run¬ 
ners,  in  a  grass  field  about  50  feet  apart, 
and  moved  several  times  during  the  season 
as  the  ground  becomes  foul.  Brooder  and 
houses  are  bedded  with  cut  clover,  leaves  or 
chaff.  Old  bags  are  placed  on  litter  in 
brooders  first  three  days,  as  chicks  will 
sometimes  gorge  themselves  on  the  litter. 
Chicks  are  fed  several  feeds  on  bagging  in 
brooder,  after  which  they  have  the  run  of 
the  house,  and  are  fed  once  a  day  in  litter 
in  quantity  so  that  there  is  always  some 
grain  in  litter.  After  the  first  week  they 
have  always  a  box  of  mash  before  them. 
When  weather  is  cold  a  large  lantern  is 
lning  in  the  house.  They  are  confined  to 
wire  run  about  the  house  until  they  are  six 
weeks  old.  Chicks  have  milk,  sweet  or 
sour,  always  in  founts  until  three  weeks 
old.  and  longer  if  I  have  it,  and  all  the 
sprouted  oats  they  will  eat. 

L.  B.  THATCHER. 


Tell  the  man  who  asked  about  spots  in 
his  eggs  that  he  wants  to  get  rid  of  his 
six  roosters.  We  were  on  a  farm  this 
Summer,  and  I  knew  the  one  who  sup¬ 
plied  us  with  eggs  had  no  roosters  the 
minute  I  saw  the  fine  clear  eggs.  Before 
we  came  away  I  found  he  had  more  than 
100  hens  and  no  roosters.  A  wealthy 
man  now  of  Boston,  supplies  one  of  the 
big  markets  here.  He  has  many  hens  and 
no  roosters.  He  goes  to  a  beautiful  Sum¬ 
mer  home  each  Spring  and  takes  his  many 
hundred  hens  with  him.  They  are  the 
only  hens  I  ever  heard  of  that  go  to  the 
country  for  Summer.  I  wish  the  poor 
little  babies  of  Boston  could  fare  as  well. 

Hoslindale,  Mass.  i.  d.  h. 


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INCUR  ATION~0ur  *10t  wator  custom  hatch- 

lltV/UUrtlll/n  ing  plant  was  so  successful 
last  season  that  we  have  doubled  our  capacity, 
which  is  now  over  200,000  oggs.  Last  year  we  had 
to  turn  away  over  1 ,000  eggs  a  day  for  a  period  of  4 
months,  as  our  Incubator  was  full.  Over  80  per 
cent  of  our  last  year’s  customers  have  already  en¬ 
gaged  space  in  our  Incubator  for  the  coming  sea¬ 
son.  Don’t  be  among  the  disappointed — engage 
your  space  now.  Our  Incubator  starts  on  Jan.  2d. 
Write  for  prices  and  information  any  way. 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM 
Millerton,  New  York 


EVERY  LOUSY  HEN 

ffs  losing  real  money  for  you.  You  can’t 
expect  your  lice-infested  hens  to  have 
vitality  enough  left  to  produce  eggs. 
Every  egg  you  DON’T  get  is  so  much 
money  lost.  Bulletin  No.  33,  sent  free  to 
anyone,  tells  “  How  to  Keep  Vermin 
Away  Permanently,”  saving  monthly  ex¬ 
penses  for  Whitewash,  Kerosene,  Insect 
Powders,  Lice  Killers,  etc.  Writcus  today 
CARBOLINEUM  WOOD  PRESERVING  CO. 
187  Franklin  Street, _ New  York  City 


PDIII  TRYMEN  — n°n  T  f  ail  t0  secure  Stock  and 
l  U  U  L  I  LI  I  111  Lli  Eggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YABDS.  Marietta,  Pa. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


BLANCHARD’S  STRAIN 

S.C.  W.  LEGHORN  HENS  and  COCKERELS 

J.  O.  VOOKHEES,  Groton,  N.  Y. 


CTERLING  STRAIN  S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS-Express  paid 
**  on  all  stock  purchased  in  October.  March,  April 
and  May  hatched  Cockerels — May  hatched  Pullets. 
Write  for  prices.  W.  Sterling  &  Son,  Cutchogue,  N.  Y. 


5000 


Single-Combed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 
Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 
right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  onco  for  best  selections.  Largest  success, 
ful  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 


SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  and  Cock¬ 
erels:  any  quantity  at  attractive  prices:  bred-to-lay 
kind.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM.  Flemington,  N.  J. 


7nft  S.  C.  W.  LEGHORNS— Annual  Sale  of  Tlior- 
I  UU  oughbred  Yearlings  and  Two-Year-Olds. 
F.  B.  Dilts,  Maple  Spring  Farm,  Flemington,  N.  J. 


Hone’s  Rose  Comb  Reds  and  Large,  vigorous  util- 

mm  .1  d  Tf  TDVrVC  ltiy  ft  11  Cl  GXilXDlulOIl 

Mammoth  Bronze  I  UKKfcYo  birds,  bred  from  best 
selected  layers;  also  choice  yoarling  breeders  at 
reasonable  prices,  quality  considered.  All  birds 
shipped  on  approval. 

0.  R.  HONE,  Crescent  Hill  Farm,  Sharon  Springs,  N.  Y. 


PULLETS  and  YEARLING  HENS 

dottes,  single  and  rose  comb;  Brown  and  W.  Leg¬ 
horns,  R.  I.  Reds;  from  80  cents  per  head  up.  Write 
for  just  what  you  want  and  how  much  you  wish  to 
invest.  Maple  Cove  Poultry  Yards,  R.  24  Athens,  Pa. 


BARRED  ROCKS 


WHITE  ROCKS, 
PARTRIDGE  WYAN¬ 


DOTTES,  PARTRIDGE  COCHINS.  We  have  a 
fine  lot  of  youngsters.  Prize-winning  strain. 

MINCH  BROS.,  Route  3,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 


Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  May  return  at  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  602  Fifth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


THE  FARMER'S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 


l)[|  EGGS  $1.00 — Lending  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
Zll  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Large  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 


INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS — Genuino  white  egg  strain. 
I  $6.00  per  trio.  It.  C.  B.  Minorcas,  Cockerels, 
75  cents  each.  GEO.  BOWDISH,  Esperance,  N.  Y. 


‘QUPERB  STRAIN’’  WHITE  WYANDOTTES— Selected  C0CK- 
w  ERELS  for  breeding,  $2.00  and  $3.00  each,  this 
month.  If  tlioy  don’t  please,  return  at  our  ex¬ 
pense.  0WNLAND  FARM,  Box  497,  South  Hammond,  N.  Y. 


HEN-LICE  WAX 

Only  one  application  a  year  necessary.  Send  for 
prices,  etc.  O.  W.  MAPES,  Middletown,  N.  Y. 


MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  Is  best  Coarse  or  line  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1814 
R.  MacKELL AR’S  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 


MAKE  HENS  LAY 

By  feeding  raw  bone.  Its  egg-producing  value  Is  four 
times  that  of  grain.  Eggs  more  fertllo,  chicks  moro 
vigorous,  broilers  earlier,  fowls  heavier,  r 
profits  larger. 

MANN’S  lmSd!I  Bone  Gutter 

Cuts  all  bone  with  adhering  meat  and  | 
gristle.  Never  clogs.  10  Days’  Froo  Trial. 

No  money  in  advanco. 

Send  Today  lor  Free  Book. 

F,  W.  Mann  Co.,  Box  15,  Milford,  MassJ 


w 


ittsbur 


All  the  year  ’round 
“Pittsburgh  Perfect’* 
Fence  fulfills  all  the 
claims  of  the  manufacturer  and  the  dealer.  It  possesses  the  great¬ 
est  durability  and  adaptability,  and  affords  best  service  because  it  is  made  with 
the  one  object  of  economically  and  perfectly  meeting  the  exacting  requirements 
1  of  the  scientific  farmer.  And  “Pittsburgh  Perfect’’  Fence  never  disappoints. 

The  Open  Hearth  Wire  used  exclusively  in  “Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Fence  is  like  old  time  iron  wire,  and  is  the 
strongest,  toughest  and  most  lasting  fence  wire  made.  Pure  zinc  galvanizing  heavily  coats  the  wire  and  resists 
rust  and  decay  for  the  longest  time. 

Wires  are  electrically  welded  at  every  crossing  point,  which  produces  a  perfect  amalgamation  of  metals, 
doubles  the  strength  of  the  fence  at  the  joints,  and  eliminates  all  weight-increasing  and  strength-destroying  wraps, 
clamps,  twists,  ties,  etc.  “Pittsburgh  Perfect”  is  the  only  electrically  welded  fence  made,  and  is  famous  for  the 
integrity  of  THE  WELD  THAT  HELD. 

EVERY  ROD  GUARANTEED  PERFECT 

Write  for  catalogue  showing  145  styles  and  sizes  of  "Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Fence  adapted  to  every  Field,  Farm, 
Ranch,  Lawn  and  Poultry  purpose.  The  best  dealer  in  your  town  handles  "Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Fence  exclusively. 

Pittsburgh  Steel  Company,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


MAKERS  OF  “Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Brands  of  Barbed  Wire,  Bright,  Annealed  and 
Galvanized  Wire,  Fence  Staples,  Standard  Wire  Nails  and  “ Pittsburgh  Perfect’ ’  Fencing 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


1017 


M  I  L 

The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.81 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  .8%  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


Milk  In  Northern  Ohio. 

The  man  who  would  write  about  the  milk 
situation  in  Northern  Ohio,  figuratively 
speaking,  takes  his  life  in  his  hand,  for, 
picture  it  as  he  will,  some  are  hound  to 
disagree,  as  its  interests  are  so  numerous 
and  dealings  so  different  by  concerns  and 
communities  that  no  picture  is  a  perfect 
representation  of  the  situation.  Northern 
Ohio — actually  the  Western  Reserve — is  al¬ 
most  exclusively  a  dairy  section,  and  dairy¬ 
ing  it  has  been  since  1812.  Once  the  mak¬ 
ing  of  beef  was  a  noted  adjunct,  and  long 
droves  of  steers  were  driven  over  the  moun¬ 
tains  to  New  York,  but  the  great  West  and 
its  ranches  proved  too  great  a  competition, 
and  the  dairy  began  to  claim  the  whole 
section.  After  the  Civil  Wrfr  the  home 
making  of  butter  and  'cheese  quickly  gave 
place  to  the  factory  and  creamery,  new  ways 
of  marketing  were  invented,  and  their  mar¬ 
kets  were  everywhere.  Then  Ohio  became 
the  meeting  ground  of  the  great  coal  and 
iron  interests,  and  iron  towns  sprang  up 
with  great  rapidity;  population  increased 
correspondingly,  and  milk  became  a  great 
want  of  the  cities.  Cleveland.  Lorain, 
Akron,  Canton,  Youngstown  and  Ashtabula 
became  great  manufacturing  and  shipping 
confers.  each  year  nearly  doubling  the  de¬ 
mand  for  milk,  and  then  Pittsburgh  entered 
the  same  field  for  trainloads  of  milk.  Sell¬ 
ing  milk  to  the  cities  became  the  rule,  and 
there  was  a  rapid  disappearance  of  the  fac¬ 
tories  and  creameries,  until  at  present  fliey 
have  about  ceased  to  exist,  except  in  places 
far  remote  from  railways  and  trolleys,  and, 
with  the  present  building,  there  will  soon 
be  no  remote  places.  Both  railways  and 
trolleys  from  the  start  shipped  milk  as 
“excess  baggage,”  and  made  only  one  rate, 
near  or  far  from  the  city,  for  the  carriage 
of  milk,  viz.,  15  cents  for  an  85-pound  can 
to  be  returned  free,  a  rate  that  has  never 
been  changed,  and  put  one  dairyman  on  a 
level  with  any  other  one,  so  far  as  a  rate 
was  concerned. 

For  years  all  milk  purchased  was  by  in¬ 
dependent  buyers,  who  agreed  upon  a  price 
with  the  farmer  producer.  There  were 
many  good  buyers,  and  quite  as  many  who 
failed  every  29  days,  or  sold  out  to  another 
before  payday.  Gradually  the  trade  began 
to  organize  itself  into  companies,  and  be¬ 
came  wholesale  and  retail  both,  with  mani¬ 
fest  improvement  to  the  trade.  Smaller 
dealers  became  larger  buyers,  and  in  time 
the  large  concerns  merged,  as  at  present, 
and  these  in  turn  “headed”  into  a  single 
“holding  company,”  which  in  some  cases 
Is  a  single  holder,  which  makes  and  un¬ 
makes  for  the  combines,  so  that  in  Cleve¬ 
land.  while  there  are  apparently  five  great 
concerns,  they  are  controlled  by  one  man, 
who  has  a  voting  majority  of  the  stock  of 
all  the  others,  so  that  in  fact  Cleveland, 
with  its  approximately  075.000  people,  buys 
about  two-thirds  of  its  milk  from  one  man. 
In  addition,  these  great  concerns  have  pur¬ 
chased  creameries  and  stations  throughout 
this  territory,  and  handle  immense  amounts 
of  milk  through  their  own  collecting  plants, 
aside  from  trainloads  that  go  direct  from 
the  farm.  While  the  milk  that  goes  direct 
to  the  city  is  paid  for  at  a  rate  of  8% 
pounds  for  a  gallon,  the  station-collected 
milk  is  figured  at  10  pounds — almost  five 
quarts — per  gallon  :  or,  to  make  it  plain, 
milk  is  purchased  by  the  100  pounds,  and 
this,  too.  at  a  price  somewhat  below  the 
city  price,  “as  it  may  have  to  be  made  into 
cheese,  or  cream.”  In  some  instances  this 
country-collected  milk  is  skimmed,  and  the 
cream  sent  to  the  ice  cream  makers  In  the 
city,  mostly  owned  by  the  same  milk  trust, 
and  the  milk  made  into  cottage  cheese,  and 
follows  the  cream  in  85-pound  cans.  Two 
or  three  great  concerns  buy  no  milk,  but 
bny  cream  from  the  farmers,  shipping  in  to 
the  city  every  morning,  where  it  is  made 
Into  fine  butter,  and  the  buttermilk  finds 
rapid  sale  at  three  cents  a  glass.  Many 
farmers  with  fine  dairies  refuse  to  sell  milk, 
shipping  cream  instead,  and  using  the  skim- 
milk  to"  feed  fine  bred  calves,  and  sell  them 
at  high  prices.  The  great  buyers  from 
Pittsburgh  concerns,  who  largely  operate  in 
Ashtabula,  Trumbull  and  Mahoning  coun¬ 
ties,  are  dealing  much  the  same.  Youngs¬ 
town,  with  its  great  manufacturing  con¬ 
cerns — some  of  the  largest  iron  mills  in  the 
world — with  its  100,000  inhabitants,  is  a 
great  buyer  of  milk,  as  well  as  Akron,  Can¬ 
ton  and  the  like. 

Once  upon  a  time  the  buyers  and  the 
farmers  met  two  or  three  times  a  year 
and  agreed  upon  prices,  and  a  semblance  of 
the  custom  still  survives,  but  now  the 
farmer  goes  in  in  April  and  October  to  find 
out  what  he  may  expect  to  get  for  the 
ensuing  few  months.  lie  apparently  has  no 


say  about  it.  The  great  concerns  set  the 
price,  and  “take  it  or  leave  it"  is  the  ulti¬ 
matum.  The  small  independent  dealers 
keeps  pretty  closely  under  the  lee  shore  of  the 
big  buyers,  though  they  may  vary  a  little 
in  the  rates,  but  it  about  evens  up  at  the 
end  of  the  year.  But  a  contract  for 
any  definite  time  is  a  joke.  For  in¬ 
stance.  last  Winter  the  price  agredfl  upon 
from  December  1  to  April  1  was  supposed  to 
be  18  cents,  delivered  in  Cleveland,  subject 
to  inspection,  but  by  January  15,  prices  be¬ 
gan  to  be  cut  a  couple  of  cents ;  then  in 
February  another  cent  or  two,  and  again 
that  month,  and  still  again  in  March,  so 
by  the  time  the  supposed  agreement  ter¬ 
minated  the  farmers  were  getting  about  13 
cents  or  so,  and  some  of  the  small  dealers 
were  below  this  mark :  yet  at  the  same 
time  the  retail  price  of  milk  remained  at 
eight  cents,  and  even  the  past  Summer  it 
did  not  go  below  Seven  cents,  the  Summer 
price  being  12  cents  to  the  farmer,  out  of 
which  he  must  pay  15  cents  per  can  for  his 
excess  baggage.  On  the  first  of  last  Au¬ 
gust  some  dealers  raised  the  price  of  milk 
to  13  cents  and  a  few  possibly  to  14  cents, 
hut  “owing  to  the  drought  and  scarcity  of 
feed,”  the  retail  price  was  put  forward  a 
cent,  and  the  same  gallon  at  retail  was  ad 
vanced  four  cents  per  gallon,  eight  cents 
per  quart,  which  was  certainly  a  great  con¬ 
cession  to  farmer  and  consumer. 

For  several  years  an  attempt  has  been 
made  to  organize  a  dairymen’s  protective 
association  and  control  the  supply.  It  is 
pretty  easy  to  hang  one  man,  but  to  make 
9,000  men  hang  together  is  more  difficult, 
so  that  the  organization  has  done  little 
more  than  pass  resolutions.  Just  now  there 
is  a  new  farmers’  combine  in  the  wind, 
which  promises  more  in  the  way  of  com¬ 
bine  and  adhesion  than  the  other,  and  has 
a  plan  to  do  its  own  inspection  and  save^the 
city  the  trouble.  Each  year  the  health 
boards  demand  more  and  more,  and  many 
think  some  of  their  demands  and  rules  are 
beyond  reasonable  exaction,  and  beyond  the 
needs  of  making  clean,  healthy,  sanitary 
milk.  Bo  this  as  it  may.  tho  farmer  is  be¬ 
tween  the  city  buyer  and  the  health  board 
and  appears  to  have  little  to  say  beyond 
submitting  to  take  his  35  cents  on  the  dol¬ 
lar.  which  in  many  cases  Is  costing  him  40 
cents  to  get.  It  is  only  the  story  everywhere  ; 
selling  milk  at  throe  cents,  net,  as  now,  to 
another  man  to  sell  for  eight  cents.  It  is 
the  picture  of  one  man  riding  in  a  $40 
carriage  and  the  other  riding  in  a  $2,800 
auto.  Who  actually  paid  for  the  auto? 

Western  Reserve,  O.  John  gould. 


Don’t  Drudge  or 

e  Drudges 


Tite  New  York  State  Dairymen’s  Conven¬ 
tion  will  be  held  at  Olean,  December  12-15. 
There  will  be  various  addresses  and  ex¬ 
hibits  of  machinery  and  dairy  products.  The 
secretary  is  It.  R.  Kirkland,  Olean,  N.  Y. 

Regarding  prices  received  by  farmers  for 
milk,  we  contract  it  for  six  months  at  Bor¬ 
den's  prices.  Farmers  are  not  satisfied  with 
that  price.  There  will  not  be  as  many 
cows  wintered,  as  the  hay  crop  is  short; 
corn  was  good,  but  is  damaged  by  frost 
September  13;  also  buckwheat.  The  potato 
crop  is  poor  and  apples  scarce.  R.  m.  f. 

Delhi.  N.  Y. 

September  milk.  $1.20  per  40-quart  can  at 
station.  Retailers  pay  3M>  and  four  cents 
a  quart,  and  sell  for  six  cents  dipped,  seven 
cents  bottled.  Hay  scarce,  $10  to  $20 
loose ;  very  little  baled  here.  Silage  not  all 
in  yet ;  heavy  frost  September  12  hurt  corn 
badly.  At  the  Randall  estate  auction,  80 
cows  brought  about  $83  per  head ;  nine 
registered  ;  remainder,  grades.  Young  stock 
(grades)  sells  for  $20  to  $30;  horses,  $175 
to  $200  for  best  farm  workers.  Manure  in 
town,  50  to  75  cents  for  two-horse  load. 

Cortland,  N.  Y.  w.  E.  B. 

Milk  market  is  unsettled  yet,  with  most 
of  the  contractors  unwilling  to  give  the 
raise  of  two  cents  per  can  asked  for  by  the 
farmers.  In  this  section  most  of  the  pro¬ 
ducers  have  made  a  deal  with  the  Deer 
'Foot  Farm  Co.,  who  pay  the  extra  two 
cents,  or  37  cents  at  the  car,  and  40  cents 
for  higher  test  milk,  as  they  wish  to  ob¬ 
tain,  as  far  as  possible,  nearby  milk.  The 
other  contractors  buy  where  they  can  g^|  it 
cheapest,  no  matter  how  far  away,  and 
trouble  is  expected  with  these,  and  perhaps 
a  strike,  to  hold  back  the  milk  until  they 
pay  last  Winter’s  prices,  for  which  they 
have  been  asked.  •  a.  e.  p. 

Hopkinton,  Mass. 

The  price  of  milk  paid  by  the  Michigan 
Condensed  Milk  Co.  at  Newport,  N.  Y.,  for 
October  is  $1.75  per  hundred ;  November 
and  December,  $1.90;  other  places,  five  to 
10  cents  under.  Retail  price  in  small  vil¬ 
lages,  around  five  and  six  cents  per  quart. 
There  have  been  no  auction  sales  to  amount 
to  anything  around  here  lately.  New  milch 
cows  and  springers  sell  from  $G0  to  $75 
per  head.  Loose  hay  about  $13  or  $14 
per  ton.  Baled  hay,  about  $16.  Manure 
and  silage  not  sold  to  my  knowledge 

Boland,  N.  Y.  o.  w.  J. 


J  -h _ b — 


Replace  costly  hand  labor 


STAR(n-w.) 

STALLS  AND 

STANCHIONS 

Only  practical  adjustable 
stall  and  stanchion  for  any 
size  cow  or  bull. 
Only  unit 
system 
stall — can 
be  i  n  - 
stalled  one 
at  a  time 
or  more. 
Aligns 
long  and 
short  cows 
evenly  at 
the  drop. 
Ask  about 
Star  stalls 
and  stan¬ 
ch  1  o  n  s 
when  you 
write  re¬ 
garding  lit¬ 
ter  carriers  j 

U  A  h 


with  modern  equipment.  Save  the  cost 
in  a  season.  Get  your  work  done  quicker. 
And  have  a  cleaner  barn  to  show  when  the 
milk  inspector  calls.  Look  into  this  labor  sav¬ 
ing,  money  saving,  time  and  trouble  saving  sys¬ 
tem  of  carrying  out  litter  or  distributing  feed. 


STARCH  NE 


are  the  recognized  standard  among  the  best  farmers  in  the  S' 
country.  They  embody  exclusive  features  and  have  done 
away  with  every  possible  objection.  Equipped  with  auto-  .w 
matic  dumping  and  returning  devices, lowering  devices,  S 
rod  or  cable  trackage,  roller  bearings,  etc.;  the  Star  y 
swinging  boom  does  away  with  posts  and  supports.  S 

FWFF  PLANS  and  Send  us  rough  sketch  of  your  S 
M.  HDD  CATALOG  barn  layout-  w,  trill jf 
send  detail  plans  and  estimate  of  how  you  can  make  Star  Jr  &  , 

Carriers  pay  also  full  particulars — free  on  request .  S 
Writs  US  todat.  HUNT-HELM-f  ERRIS  &  CO.  / 

■*  ’  Harvard,  111.  y.A* 


134  HonlStreel 


10  Days’  Free  Trial 
Wc  Pay  the  Freight 

That  is  exactly  what  we  mean.  Just  say 
you  want  to  try  one  of  the  44-year  fa¬ 
mous  Quaker  City  Feed  Mills  and  we 
will  ship  it  quick — freight  paid.  Use  the 
Quaker  City  for  grinding  Soft,  Wet  or  Dry 
Corn,  Corn  and  Cob,  Shuck  and  Kaffir  Corn, 
Feed  and  Table  Meal  all  kinds  of  small  grain 
separately  or  mixed.  Can  be  adjusted  to  grind 
fine,  medium  or  coarse. 

There  Is  not  a  grinder 
that  ever  equalled  any 
of  the  famous 

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with  the  least  power  and  can  be  depended 
on  at  all  times  and  under  all  conditions.  1C 
after  trial  the  mill  Is  not  entirely  satisfacto¬ 
ry  .return  It  at  our  axpenso.  If  this  looks  liko 
A  good  proposition,  send  for  our  free  catalog; 

Which  also  shows  Engines,  CutterB, Shelters,  etc. 

THE  STRAUB  COMPANY 
0*pt-  E-3740  Filbert  St.,  Phila.  Pa. 

Dept.  T-3709So.  Ashland  Ave. 

Chicago,  Illinois 


WANTFD  AT  ONf  Ft.single  man  for 

**  *  laU  AI  4/liv-E.  Guernsey  Dairy  .Cream 

put  into  paper  cans.  Must  also  be  able  to  make 
some  butter.  Must  be  clean  and  sober.  Refer¬ 
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washing  furnished  Chestnut  Hill  Farms,  Coalburo.  Ohio 


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QKUmDd  WARRINER 

STANCHION 


“My  barn  that  was 

BURNED 

was  fitted  with  Crumb's 
Warriner  Stanchions.  It  it 
bad  not  been  for  the  ease  with 
which  these  fasteners  wpre 
opened  I  should  have  lost  my 
rows,”  writes  Mr.  Everett 
Gains,  Bemardstown.  Mass. 
Booklet  Free. 

WALLACE  B.  CltUMB,  Box  Mo,  Fore.tville,  Conn, 


Guarantied 
1  Year 


Grinding  for  Profit 

Grind  your  ownfeed  and  have  fatter1 
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Sweep  or  belt.  You  can  make 
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in  a  short  time.  Send  for  prices  and  free  book. 
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Grind  Your  “| 
Feed  on  the 


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TEN  DA  YS  FREE 

You  can  grind  80  bu.  grain  to  table 
meal  with  one  gal.  of  gaaoline.l  set  of 
rollers  will  grind  5000  bu.  of  cob  and 
corn.  “Ball  Dog”  grinding  rollers  are 
only  three  inches  in  diameter  which 
accounts  for  light  running.  Gel  our 
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LETZ  MFC.  COMPANY 
204  E.  Road,  Crown  Point,  |nd. 


ft 


MILKING  STOOLS 

Curved  legs;  wide  base;  don’t 
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fit  body.  Made  from  steel  and 
then  galvanized.  No  crevices. 
Strong  and  Sanitary 
Price  SI. 50  each,  $15  per  dozen 
WISNJCK  MFC.  CO. 
238  Greenwich  Street.  New  York 


CREAlKi 


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cleanest— turn  easiest— are 
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_  .\ 

The  De  Laval  Separator  Co. 


NEW  YORK  CHICAGO  SAN  FRANCISCO 
SEATTLE  MONTREAL  WINNIPEG 


1018 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


October  14, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


Do  you  know  whether  or  not  the  Doyle 
Consolidated  Mines  Co.,  of  Montezuma 
County,  Colorado,  is  on  the  square?  Would 
you  advise  one  to  take  stock  with  them  ? 

New  York.  G.  A.  S. 

We  certainly  would  not  advise  anyone 
to  take  stock  in  mining  ventures.  If 
you  take  our  advice,  you  will  invest  your 
savings  in  property  that  you  know 
something  about.  If  you  want  to  give 
it  away,  select  some  worthy  object  at 
home.  Don’t  send  it  away  for  paper 
certificates  under  the  impression  that 
you  are  making  an  investment. 

I  write  to  inquire  the  financial  standing 
of  the  Dairy  Products  Company  of  New 
York,  having  branches  in  Bainbridge,  Afton 
and  other  places.  Their  checks  are  due  on 
the  20th  of  each  month.  Last  month  the 
checks  were  late.  This  month  they  tele¬ 
phoned  checks  would  not  be  out  until  the 
22d.  Are  they  deserving  of  extended  credit 
and  further  patronage?  a.  h.  k. 

New  York. 

We  have  found  no  rating  for  this  con¬ 
cern  in  the  references  open  to  us.  When 
they  ask  produce  from  you  on  credit,  it 
is  their  duty  to  furnish  you  satisfactory- 
evidence  of  their  standing  and  ability 
to  pay,  or  put  up  a  bond  as  security  for 
your  money.  Producers  have  lost  mil¬ 
lions  in  the  last  25  years  through  credit 
to  concerns  which  had  no  financial 
standing. 

I  received  your  letter  with  check  en¬ 
closed  which  you  collected  on  the  protested 
check  of  E.  lioch  &  Co.,  New  York.  I  was 
very  much  surprised  to  receive  it,  and 
thank  you  for  your  effort,  and  would  gladly 
pay  for  the  trouble.  I  will  do  all  1  can  to 
get  subscribers  for  your  paper  or  assist  you 
in  any  way.  v.  N.  c. 

New  York. 

We  had  many  inquiries  about  this 
firm,  and  were  unable  to  discover  any 
financial  responsibility  for  them.  We 
mentioned  this  fact  some  weeks  ago, 
and  subsequent  reports  from  subscrib¬ 
ers  have  not  been  encouraging.  The 
firm  has  moved  to  Brooklyn,  and  after 
repeated  letter  writing  they  agreed  to 
settle  the  $5.05  protested  check  by 
weekly  payments,  which  we  accepted. 
The  record  is  not  one  that  would  en¬ 
courage  our  people  to  make  shipments 
to  them  if  they  are  still  soliciting  them. 

I  sent  Lee  Todd,  Richmond,  Va.,  $17.60, 
and  he  was  to  send  me  a  colored  girl  to 
work  for  me.  Now  they  pay  no  attention 
to  my  letters.  Can  you  help  me  out  on 
this?'  mrs.  o.  s. 

Vermont. 

We  reported  a  similar  transaction 
last  year,  and  we  would  suggest  that 
our  subscribers  make  a  note  of  Lee 
Todd.  It  was  reported  to  our  attorney 
that  the  girl  had  been  sent,  but  she  did 
not  follow  directions  and  another  would 
be  sent  promptly.  The  second  girl  was 
never  sent,  and  we  could  get  no  re¬ 
sponse  from  Mr.  Todd.  Our  attorney 
suggested  bringing  suit,  but  this  would 
be  too  expensive  for  a  matter  of  the 
kind.  In  New  York  City  the  License 
Bureau  keeps  a  pretty  strict  watch  over 
these  companies,  but  in  Virginia  the 
Commissioner  of  Revenues,  who  issues 
the  licenses,  has  no  authority  over  the 
persons  taking  them  out. 

In  February,  1910,  I  went  to  New  York 
and  was  on  my  way  to  Fiss,  Doerr  &  Car- 
roll’s  place  of  business  on  24th  street  to 
purchase  a  horse,  when  I  was  approached 
by  a  man  who  handed  me  a  card  of  the 
Nassau  Sales  Stable,  and  said  they  had 
about  60  horses  around  the  corner,  157 
East  25th  Street.  I  met  there  M.  G.  Sulli¬ 
van,  who  represented  himself  to  be  the 
salesman  of  the  Nassau  Sales  and  Exchange 
Stable.  I  bought  two  horses  paying  $15 
in  cash  and  a  check  for  $35.  Sullivan 
agreeing  to  ship  the  horses  to  Pawling,  and 
when  they  arrived  there  I  was  to  pay  $200 
more  for  them.  Instead  of  the  horses  go¬ 
ing  to  Pawling  a  representative  of  Sulli¬ 
van’s  came  there  and  said  that  Sullivan 
would  like  me  to  come  to  New  York  and 
get  the  horses  myself  and  bring  down  a 
certified  check  for  the  balance.  I  went  to 
New  York  with  this  representative  of  Sul¬ 
livan’s  and  was  induced  by  Sullivan  to  turn 
over  the  $200  certified  check,  but  when  I 
sought  to  get  the  horses  I  was  literally 
thrown  out  of  the  place  and  my  life  threat¬ 
ened.  I  put  the  matter  in  the  hands  of 
some  attorneys,  who  communicated  with 
the  District  Attorney’s  office  in  the  city. 
Detectives  got  on  the  trail  of  Sullivan  with¬ 
out  producing  any  results.  When  I  gave 
Sullivan  the  check  he  wanted  to  get  the 
bill  of  sale  that  he  had  given  me  the  day 
before,  and  was  very  anxious  to  get  it,  but 
I  refused  to  deliver  it.  I  would  like  to 
get  the  money  back  and  to  punish  Sullivan 
for  fraud,  and  if  you  need  me  I  will  come 
on  your  summons  by  telegraph.  G.  w.  u. 

New  York. 

This  was  a  typical  New  York  horse 
swindle.  In  the  stable  they  kept  a  good- 
looking  pair  of  horses  actually  worth 
about  $600,  and  these  were  shown  the 
farmer  and  sold  to  him,  but  of  course, 
they  never  expected  to  deliver  them. 
It  was  a  year  and  a  half  after  the 
transaction  that  the  above  complaint 
was  made  to  us,  and  we  sent  it  to  Fiss, 
Doerr  &  Carroll,  the  large  horse  com¬ 
pany  on  East  24th  street,  and  the  com¬ 
plaint  was  sent  by  them  to  their  at¬ 
torney,  J.  C.  Thompson,  of  63  Wall 
Street,  New  York.  He  hired  detec¬ 
tives  at  the  expense  of  the  company 


and  located  Sullivan.  He  then  sent  for 
the  farmer,  who  came  to  New  York 
but  was  unable  to  identify  Sullivan 
among  three  other  men. 

Later  another  victim  by  the  name  of 
Peterson  sent  a  complaint  to  Mr. 
Thoi  ipson,  and  the  writing  on  his  bill 
of  sale  was  found  to  be  in  the  same 
hand  as  the  bill  of  sale  given  our  sub¬ 
scriber.  The  two  victims  were  then 
called  to  New  York  and  they  went  to 
the  Sullivan  stables  and  identified  him. 
He’  was  arrested.  Before  he  was  taken 
to  the  Police  Court,  however,  he  talked 
with  our  complainant,  and  settled  his 
claim  in  full  with  interest  which 
amounted  to  $272. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  some 
time  back  we  had  a  report  ■  of  a  swindle 
practiced  by  this  same  Sullivan  under 
the  name  of  the  Cable  Express  Com¬ 
pany,  located  in  an  alley  on  27th  street, 
near  Third  avenue,  under  which  he  has 
recently  been  operating  in  this  city. 
These  operators  are  known  in  the  local 
horse  circles  as  “gyps,”  and  the  buyer 
who  gets  into  their  hands  is  pretty 
sure  to  pay  pretty  dearly  for  his  ex¬ 
perience.  Sullivan  is  known  by  his 
confederates  as  Jasper  Sullivan. 

I  received  a  catalogue  from  the  Central 
Mercantile  Co.,  Chicago,  Ill.,  and  sent 
them  an  order  amounting  to  $17.02.  A 
little  later  they  wrote  stating  they  had  re¬ 
ceived  $1.93  and!  denying  the  balance.!  I 
wrote  the  postmaster  at  .  Chicago,  who 
Issued  a  statement  showing  they  had  re¬ 
ceived  the  money  on  April  16.  .1  wrote  ask¬ 
ing  them  to  either  ship  the  „  goods  or' re¬ 
fund  the  money, '  and  then"  received  price 
list  and  order  blank  asking,  me.  to  change 
my  order ;  so  I  wrote  them  I  did,,  not  care 
to  'make  anv  change  but  wanted  my  money 
refunded.  They  then  claimed  they  had 
shipped  the  goods,  but  as  I  had  not  re¬ 
ceived  them  I  asked  them  to  send  on  the 
bill  of  lading.  After  some  time  the  goods 
reached  me,  but  did  not  correspond  with 
my  order,  as  many  of  the  articles  were 
omitted.  I  have  refused  the.  .shipment  un¬ 
til  I  know  whether  I  can  get  mv  order 
filled  as  originally  sent.  I 'do  not  wish  ,  the 
goods  at  this  late  date,  as  I  have  seen  ml 
supplies  elsewhere,  and  want  ,  my  money  re¬ 
funded.  I  understand  the  goods  are  being 
held  in  storage,  but  I  do  not  want  them 
and  will  not  pay  storage  charges  and  ad¬ 
ditional  freight  oh  a  second  shipment.  I 
am  sorry  to  bother  you  arid  will  not  get 
caught,  i‘n  such  a  trap  again.  One  lesson 
is  enough'.  H.  w.  s. 

New  ' York. 

All  the  attention  the  Central  Mercan¬ 
tile  Company  gave  the  matter .  was'  to 
send  new  order  blanks  with  request  to 
check  up  the  box  of  goods  in  storage 
and  advise  what  articles  were  missing. 
This  was  repeated  when  we  took  the 
matter  up.  The  matter  had  dragged 
along,  until  the  shipment  could  not  be 
located,  and  the ,  company  showed  no 
disposition  to  make  the  matter  right. 
We  kept  after  them  and  demanding  set¬ 
tlement,  but  now  our  letters,  are  re¬ 
turned  with  the  advice  that  the  concern 
is  out  of  business.  All  of  these  experi¬ 
ences  confirm  our  advice,  so  often  re¬ 
peated:  Do  not  send  goods  or  money 
to  a  concern  offering  unusual  prices,  or 
big  bargains,  until  you  have  secured  a 
satisfactory  rating  for  the  house..  Be 
suspicious  of  houses  that  offer  too  much. 

George  Currier,  the  Chicago  mail  or¬ 
der  publisher,  is  ordered  by  the  .  court 
to '  pay  his  former  wife  $5,000  annually. 
This  was  the  result  of  the  divorce  pro¬ 
ceeding  instituted  by  Airs.  Currier.  The 
holders  of  stock  in  Mr.  Currier’s  com¬ 
pany  are  yet  looking  for  the.  promised 
dividends,  '  j.  j.  p. 

SAVE  HALF  Your 
Paint  Bills 

By  usjng  INGERSOLL  PAIN-T  —  proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 

Only  Paint  endorsed  by.  the  “Grange.” 

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From  the  Mill  Direct  to  You  at  Factory  Prices. 
INGERSOLL  PAINT  BOOK  — FREE 

Tells  all  about  Paint  and  Painting  fT  Durability. 
How  to  avoid  trouble  and  expense  caused  by  paint* 
fading,  chalking  and  peeling.  Valuable  information 
free  to  you.  with  Sample  Color  Cards,  Write  me.  DO 
XT  NOW.  I  can  save  you  money. 

0.  W.  Ingersoll,  246  Plymouth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 


95  and  Upward 

AMERICAN 


SEPARATOR 


FREE  TRIAL  FULLY  GUARANTEED. 

'  Easy  running.  Easily  cleaned. 

_  _  Whether  dairy  is  large  or  small1, 

obtain ourhandsomefreecatalog.  Address 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO.  BA.NBPmS-Y. 


Best  For  Your  Horse 

Don’t  let  your  horse  become  worthless  by 
developing  disease  or  lameness. — Use 

Quinn’s  Ointment 

I  Positive  cure,  removing  curbs,  splints,! 

■  windpuffs,  thoroughpin,  swelling  of  \ 

■  throat  and  glands.  Also  for  wire  cuts, 

I  scratches,  greased  heels.  On  market  30  years,  f  1.00  j 
I  bottle — saves  dollars  l — All  good  druggists  or  by  mail, 

I  W.  B.  Eddy  &  Co.,  Box  W  Whitehall,  N.  Y.  | 


The  Concrete  Culvert  is  an  Essential 
of  Good  Country  Roads 


All  country  roads  should  be  permanently  improved 
by  putting  in  concrete  culverts.  You,  Mr.  F armer,  and 
You,  Mr.  Road  Commissioner,  know  that  there  is  a 
big  crop  soon  to  be  moved.  How  are  your  roads  ? 
Now  is  the  time  to  fix  those  troublesome  spots  in  the 
highway.  We  will  help  you.  If  you’ll  write  us  we 
will  send  you  full  information  on  howto  build  a  sat¬ 
isfactory  concrete  culvert.  We  will  write  you  indi¬ 
vidually,  giving  instructions  how  to  get  best  results 
without  the  need  of  skilled  labor. 

I  *  ... .  -  / .  ,{  t  ..  *  j  .  _  •  - 

J  /y.  I  f  •  '*  /.•’■-  •  ■  ^  y  *  f*  T  *  ..  ♦  A ;  .  /  r  *.  '  .  .  * 

Write  for  “Concrete  In  the  Country”  a  book 
of  100  pages  of  building  hints  of  daily  use 
to  the  farmer.  Mailed  FREE  on  request. 


UNIVERSAL  PcementD 

•  .  .  :  i  ;  ^  '.04  \  ■ 1  •  ■ 

CHICAGO  PITTSBURG 

72  West  Adams  St.  Frick  Building 


COMPANY 

MINNEAPOLIS 

Security  Bank  Building 


Annual  Output  40,000,000  Sacks 


A  LOUDEN  LITTER  CARRIER  changes  barn  drudgery  into  child’s  play. 

With  wonderful  worm  gear  (an  exclusive  Louden  feature)  1  pound 
pull  on  chain  lilts  40  pounds  in  box— boy  can  hoist  half  a  ton. 

Baises  and  lowers  any  distance  up  to  25 .eet,  8tands  where  pat;  can’t 
fall.  Kill  the  box,  raise  it  and  give  It  a  shove.  It  carries  the  load  out  of 
the  barn  to  manure  spreader  or  Titter  heap,  wherever  you  want  it;  dumps 
load  automatically  and  returns  to  you. 

The  Louden  Way 

Keeps  barns  clean  and  sanitary — Keeps  cows  healthy — they  will  give> 
more  and  richer  milk.  Saves  time,  labor  and  money.  A  Louden  Litter! 
Carrier  will  save  its  cost  many  times  in  a  year. 

Loudens  special  electro-galvanizing  process  gives  all  Louden  pro¬ 
ducts  a  beautiful,  lasting  finish.  Looks  clean — easy  to  keep  clean — 
never  rusts — lasts  much  longer  than  ordinary  hot  process  galvanizing. 
Our  40  years  experience  in  fitting  barns  is  at  your  service  for  the  asking. 
Hand  your  dealer  a  rough  ground  plan  of  your  barn,  and  ask  him  to 
mail  it  to  ns  for  price.  This  will  entail  no  obligation  eitheron  your  part 
or  the  dealers.  Don’t  accept  any  carriers  but  LOUDEN’8.  There  are 
none  ‘‘just  as  good.”  'Write  us  for  comp'ete  catalog  of  bam  equipment 
and  valuable  book  on  manure  values. 

LOUDEN  MACHINERY  CO.,  601  Broadway.  Fairfield,  Iowa. 


Standard  Veterinary  Remedy 
In  Uae  21  Years 


Trade  Mark 
Registered 


HEAVES  CURED 

UnA/THM’Q  DCUCnV  ■»  Doath  to  Heavos, 
MlYtIUPI  O  MIMCUI  Coughs,  Distempers. 

Safe,  ’•  positive  cure  that  is  Guaranteed  lor 
Heavos.  It  gets  at  the  root  of  the  trouble.  A 
scientific  remedy  for  indigestion,  which  is  the  real 
cause  of  heavos.  Heaves  affect  the  lungs  only 
indirectly;  Newton’s  Remedy  drives  out  Intes¬ 
tinal  worms  and  is  an  excellent  stomach  and 
bowel  conditioner.  Book  explains  fully,  free.  $X 
per  can,  at  dealers’,  or  sent  direct,  prepaid. 
THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


MINERAL 
HEAVE 
IPh  REMEDY 


NEGLECT 
WillRuin\ 
YourHorse 

Send  today  for 
only 

PERMANENT^ 


$3  PACKAGE 

will  cure  any  case  or 
money  refunded. 

$1  package 

cures  ordinary  cases. 
Postpaid  on  receipt  of  price.  ^ 
Agents  Wanted 

Write  for  descriptive 
booklet 


SAFE 
CERTAIN 

,  I  -  l  ■  T _ D _ J.,  R1  rmidl,  Av.nn,  Pitfllurz.ra. 


DRIED  BEET  PULP 


Just  Like  Roots 


THE  FEED  TH ATS  GUARANTEED 

The  Larrowe.  Milling  Co.,  Detroit,  Mich. 


1911. 


101» 


the  rural  new-yorker 


Crops  and  Markets 

Wholesale  Prices  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  October  6, 1911. 


BUTTER 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 29  ©  .30 

Good  to  Choice . 25  ©  .28 

Lower  Grades . 22  @  .24 

State  Dairy,  best . 27  ©  .28 

Common  to  Good . 20  ©  .25 

Factory . 17  @  .21 

Packing  Stock . 17  ©  .19 

Elgin,  111.,  butter  market  Arm  at  2714  cents. 

,  Boston,  western  creamery,  29  cents. 

Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  31  ceDts. 

CHE  BSE 


COTTON 

New  York.  Middling  Upland... 

Middling  Gulf . 


Good  Middling  .. 

TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadleaf  tiller . . 

Fine  wrappers . 

N.  Y. State  Fillers . . 


Ohio.  Zimmer  s  Spanish . 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 

Dark  Leaf . 


CHICAGO  ‘ 


Fowls  . 


White,  good  to  choice. 
Mixed  Colors,  best  .... 


ISGG8 


Western,  best. 


Storage,  prime 


BEANS 


Pea. 


Lima. 


HOPS 


German  Crop,  new . 

DRIED  FRUITS 
Apples,  evap.,  choice,  1911 . 10J4® 


FRESH  FRUITS 


Alexander... 
Wolf  River 


.  .13 

© 

•14J4 

.  .10 

© 

.12 

.06 

@ 

.12 

.  .32 

@ 

.36 

.  .28 

@ 

.29 

.  .22 

© 

.26 

,  .23 

@ 

.28 

.14 

@ 

.20 

.11 

© 

.15 

.20 

@ 

.21 

4.75 

© 

4.95 

© 

4.05 

3.85 

© 

4.05 

© 

3.75 

5.25 

© 

5.40 

4.75 

@ 

5.10 

© 

6.40 

.52 

@ 

.55 

.47 

@ 

.51 

.37 

© 

.41 

.90 

@ 

.95 

•10J4® 

11 

.08 

@ 

.10 

.07 

•07  F> 

.17 

© 

.20 

© 

.29 

2.00 

@  ; 

3.25 

©  ■ 

4.00 

2.50 

@  ■ 

4.00 

1.75 

@  2.50 

©  : 

1.25 

10.20 

10.45 

. 

. 

9.60 

10.25 

.  .08 

© 

.10 

© 

75 

.06 

.  .12 

© 

.16 

.  .19 

© 

.20 

.09 

© 

.20 

© 

.30 

.  .10 

@ 

.12 

@ 

•26J4 

© 

.19 

© 

.15 

.  09 

© 

10 

.12 

Apples.  bbl . 1 .50 

Sheep,  100  lbs  . 2.50 

Lambs,  10(1  lbs .  4.25 

Hogs . 6.05 


@  2.00 
©  2.50 
@  4.15 
©  G.00 

@  6.70 


BUFFALO 

Butter,  creamery .  28  ©  .29 

Eps,  State .  '.20  ©  .24 

Live  Chickens . 13  ©  .14 

.  „  Fowls . 13  ©  .15 

Potatoes,  bbl . 2.00  ©  2  50 

Calves,  live,  100  lbs . 5.50  @10.25 

Sheep.  100  lbs . 1.50  @  4.00 

Lambs.  100  lbs . 4.00  @  6.75 

Hogs.............. . 7.00  @  7.15 

Wheat,  No.  1  Spring . . 0  i.n 

Horn . 70  ©  .75 

°at« . .  ©  .52 


McIntosh .  2.00 

Gravenstein .  2.00 

Duchess .  2.00 

Baldwin. ...»  .  1.25 

Greening .  1.25 

King . 2.00 

Hubbardston . 1.50 

Fall  Pippin .  1.50 

Windfalls,  bbl .  1.00 

Crabapples.  bbl .  2.00 

Pears.  Seckel,  bbl . 2.50 

Clairgeau,  bbl .  1.75 

Bartlett,  bbl .  2.25 

Anjou,  bbl . 2.00 

Bose,  bbl . 2.50 

Sheldon .  2.00 

KielTer.  bbl .  1.60 

Quinces,  bbl  . 2.00 

Peaches,  Yellow,  bkt . . 35 

Yellow,  carrier .  1.00 

White  and  Red,  bkt . 40 

Muskmelons,  Colorado,  crate .  1.00 

Jersey,  bbl . 50 

Cranberries.  Cape  Cod,  bbl .  3.50 

Plums.  8-lb.  bkt . 25 

Grapes,  Concord.  18-lb.  case . 40 

Black,  4-lb.  bkt . 07 

Delaware . 08 

Niagara .  . 06 

Bulk,  ton . 30.00 

Citron,  bbl . 60 

VEGETABLES 


Potatoes,  Jersey,  bbl 

Maine,  bug . 

Long  Island,  bbl . 

Sweet  Potatoes,  bbl . 

Beets,  bbl . 

Brussels  Spronts,  qt . 

Carrots,  bbl . 

Cabbage,  Long  Island,  bbl . 

Cahliflowers,  L.  I.,  bbl . 

Sweet  Corn,  common  to  good . 

Cucumbers,  bbl . 

Pickles,  100 . 

Celery,  Jersey,  bunch . 

Lettuce.  Jft-bbl.  bkt . 

Peppers,  Jersey,  bbl . 

Okra.  Jersey,  li-bu . 

Onions,  State  and  Western,  100  lbs... 

Orange  Co.,  bag . 

White,  bu . 

Conn.  Yellow,  100-lb.  bag . 

String  Beans,  bn . 

Lima  Beans,  potato,  bu . 

Flat  kinds . 

Spinach,  bbl . 

Squash.  Marrow,  bbl . 

Hubbard,  bbl . 

Crook  N  eck,  bbl . 

Turnips.  Rutabaga,  bbl . 

White,  bbl .  ... 

Egg  Plants,  Jersey,  bbl . 

Tomatoes,  Jersey,  box . 

NUTS 

Chestnuts,  bu . 

Shellbarks,  per  50  lbs . 

LIVE  POULTRY 


1.85 
2.00 
2.25 
2.00 
.75 
.08 
.75 
.50 
1 .50 
A0 
1.00 
.15 
.10 
25 
.50 
.25 
1 50 
1.50 
1.00 
150 
55 
1.00 
.75 
.75 
50 
.75 
.75 
.65 
1.00 
.60 
.25 


©  350 
©  3  00 
©  3.25 
®  2.00 
fci)  2.00 
fa)  3.00 
@  2.50 
®  2.60 
©  1.25 
@  7.00 
®  6.00 
1®  350 
©  5.00 
@  3.00 
©  4.00 
©  3.00 
®  1.76 
©  3.00 
©  1.10 
©  2.00 
©  .70 
@  1.75 
©  1.25 
@  6.00 
@  .30 
©  .60 
@  .09 
©  .10 
©  .08 
@55  00 
@  .75 

©  2.00 
®  2.15 
©  2.60 
©  2.50 
©  1.25 
@  .12 
fa)  1.25 
@  .76 
©  3.75 
®  150 
©  250 
©  .25 
©  .30 

1.00 
1.25 
.50 
1.75 
©  2.25 
©  1.75 
@  1.75 
©  1.00 
©  1.75 
1.25 
1.25 
.75 
1.00 
1.00 
©  1.00 
©  1.25 
©  .75 
0  .75 


© 

© 

© 

© 


© 

© 

© 

© 


3.00  ©  4.50 
1.25  ©  1.75 


Chickens,  Broilers,  lb . 

Fowls... . 

Boosters . . 

Ducks . 

-12J4© 
.12  © 
.08  © 
.12  <A 

•13J4 

-13H 

.09 

.14 

.12 

Geese . 

.10 

© 

Turkeys . 

a 

.15 

Guineas,  pair . 

AU 

(Si 

.60 

DRESSED  POULTRY 
Turkeys.  Spring,  best . 

.24 

© 

.25 

Old  Common  to  Good . 

Chickens,  choice  broilers,  lb . 

.12 

© 

.18 

21 

© 

23 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 

.18 

© 

.20 

Fowls . 

14 

© 

.17 

Spring  Ducks,  lb . 

.16 

© 

•1744 

Squabs,  doz . 

1.00 

©  3  .50 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 
Calves,  prime,  lb . 13 

© 

.14 

Common  to  good . 

.10 

@ 

.12 

Buttermilks . 

.08 

@ 

.09 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Hay.  new  No.  1.  ton . 22.00  ©  24.00 

No.  2 . \ . 2150  @  2250 

No.  3 . 20.00  ©  21.00 

Clover  Mixed . 16.00  ©  22  00 

Clover . 15.00  ®  21.00 

Straw,  Rye . 15.00  ©  17.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 8.00  ©  9.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers.  100  lbs . 5.65 

Bulls . 3.00 

Cows .  1 .75 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 7.00 

Culls  •  . 5.00 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 2.50 

Lambs . 6.00 

Hogs . 650 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring . 1.15 

No.  2,  Red . 99 

No.  2  Hard  Winter . 1.08 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 73 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 50 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 95 

Barley,  choice . 1.16 

MILL  FEED— Car  LOTS 

Spring  Bran, ton .  24.40  @  27.00 

Standard  Middlings .  28.00  ©  32.50 

Red  Dog . 31.00  ©  3255 

Hominy  Chop .  2750  ©  28.70 

Linseed  Meal .  39.00  ©  40.00 

Corn  Meal .  28.00  ©  29.00 


@  6.90 
©  4.35 
@  4.65 
@10.75 
©  (i.00 
©  4.00 
©  6.85 
©  7.15 

©  .. 
©  .. 
@  . 
©  .76 
©  .53 
©  .96 
©  1.25 


Boston  Markets. 

.  Plenty  of  green  stuff  to  meet  the  demand 
is  still  seen  in  the  market  and  prices  are 
good  on  most  things.  Cabbage  in  fair  de¬ 
mand  and  supply  at  75c.  to  $1  per  barrel, 
or  three  to  five  loose.  Celery  is  in  good 
demand  at  75  cents  to  .$1.25  per  dozen  for 
early  and  25  to  50  cents  higher  on  Pascal. 
Cauliflower  is  scarce  and  brings  75  cents  to 
$1  a  bushel  box.  Corn  is  about  done,  and 
good  brings  75  cents  to  $1  a  bos.  Carrots 
are  still  high  at  90  cents  a  box.  Beets  go 
at  50  cents  per  bushel.  Turnips  60  to  75 
cents  a  box.  Beans,  both  string  and  shell, 
S°.  nt  about  $1  to  $1.25  per  box,  Limas 
bring  25  to  50  cents  more.  Peppers  -are 
a  little  slow  at  from  40  to  50  cents.  To¬ 
matoes  are  plenty  and  run  poor  as  the  rule 
at  50  cents  to  $1.50  a  bushel.  Green  ones 
are  in  demand  at  from  50  to  75  cents.  Egg¬ 
plant  about  done,  $1  to  $1.50  bushel.  Spin¬ 
ach  is  40  cents  a  bushel ;  lettuce  40  to  75 
cents.  Squash  are  in  poor  demand  at  50 
cents  to  $1  a  barrel.  Onions  are  in  good 
demand  at  $1  and  better  per  bushel.  Pota¬ 
toes  are  a  short  crop  and  sell  at  75  to  80 
cents  a  bushel  wholesale.  Sweets  go  at 
about  $3  per  barrel.. 

Apples  are  in  good  demand  for  most 
classes,-  especially  table  apples.  Graven- 
steins  bring  $1.50  per  bushel,  McIntosh  and 
Wealthy  bring  $1.25  per  box,  and  any  good 
nice  sized  and  colored  apples  go  at  |l  and 
better.  Cooking  apples  are  from  35  cents 
to  75  cents  per  bushel,  according  to  grade 
and  condition.  Pears  are  in  good  demand 
and  all  offered  are  quickly  taken  at  good 
prices.  1  saw  100  bushels  of  large  fancy 
Anjou  sell  at  $2.50  per  bushel  in  one  lump 
to  go  into  storage.  Good  Bose  go  at  from 
$1.50  to  $2,  some  fancy  lots  do  better. 
Seekel  are  a  little  slow  and  bring  $1  to  $2 
according  to  quality  and  size.  Cooking 
pears  go  at  from  50  cents  to  $1  a  bushel. 
Peaches  are  not  so  plenty,  but  are  good  in 
quality  and  go  at  75  cents  to  $1.50  a  basket. 
Cranberries  are  in  fair  supply  and  quality 
as  some  prefer  to  market  early  and  avoid 
the  shrinkage.  $5  to  $6  a  barrel  and  $2 
to  $2.50  a  box  are  about  the  prices.'  Grapes 
are  plenty  and  in  fair  demand.  Concords 
go  at  about  $1  a  box.  Wild  ones  are  now 
mostly  in  storage  with  a  few  sales  at  from 
$1.75  to  $3  per  box  according  to  condition 
and  quality.  Baskets  of  various  kinds  go 
at  10  to  14  cents.  All  kinds  of  meats  hold 
about  the  same,  although  dressed  hogs  and 
also  lamb  are  slightly  lower.  Eggs  are 
firm  for  good  fancy  grades  at  from  33  to 
38  cents  a  dozen  wholesale.  Storage  grades 
go  at  from  22  to  30  cents  a  dozen.  Butter 
is  higher  for  all  fancy  grades  and  goes  at 
30  and  32  cents  per  pound.  Storage  butter 
is  slower  at  25  to  28  cents  for  fair.  Cheese 
is  higher  and  a  little  short.  Prices  are 
from  13  to  16  cents  per  pound,  a.  e.  p. 


Here  in  this  section  of  Maine  the  potato 
crop  will  be  not  over  60  per  cent,  of  last 
year.  There  are  hut  few  In  the  hill,  owing 
to  the  most  serious  dry  weather  we  ever 
had  through  Juno  and  July.  I  estimate 
my  own  crop  at  250  bushels  per  acre ;  It 
would  have  been  nearly  double  If  we  could 
have  got  one  heavy  rain  the  last  days  of 

Ja°e-  ,  E.  A.  R. 

Brunswick.  Me. 

Most  of  the  early  fruit  has  sold  at  $1 
per  barrel,  purchaser  sorting  and  packing; 
$1.50  to  $1.75  is  offered  for  Winter  fruit, 
but  growers  who  are  in  position  to  do  so 
are  placing  it  in  cold  storage.  Buvers  here 
are  claiming  that  New  York  has  such  an 
abundance  of  apples  that  they  can  buy  there 
so  cheap  that  they  don’t  care  for  our  fruit. 

Lawrence,  Mich.  c.  l.  d. 

As  to  apple  prices,  I  have  heard  but  very 
little  of  what  the  buyers  are  offering.  Some 
have  been  sold  at  $3.60  per  barrel,  the 
seller  furnishing  barrels,  packing  and  deliv¬ 
ering  Another  sold  at  $1  per  crate,  de¬ 
livered.  One  buyer  said  that  $2  per  barrel 
would  be  an  outside  price.  So  far  as  I 
have  been  able  to  ascertain,  the  larger  part 
of  the  crop  in  Michigan  and  Central  Ohio 
is  largely  Fall  apples.  a  m  n 

Lapeer.  Mich. 

The  Government  cotton  report,  issued  Oc¬ 
tober  2,  showed  a  condition  of  71.1  per 
cent,  for  the  whole  country.  This  is  a  de¬ 
crease  of  2.1  per  cent,  from  the  previous 
month,  but  is  4.4  per  cent,  above  the  H*- 
year  average.  The  ginning  report  of  same 
date  showed  3,363.000  bales  already  ginned, 
or  1.351.000  bales  more  than  at  this  date 
last  year.  The  effect  of  both  reports  was 
to  depress  the  price,  at  present  a  trifle 
above  10  cents,  throe  cents  under  last  year. 

The  cranberry  crop  promises  to  be  about 
120,000  barrels  less  than  last  year.  The 
heaviest  percentage  of  shortage  is  in  the 
Jersey  crop,  which  will  not  exceed  120,000 
barrels.  Wisconsin  will  have  nearly  twice 
as  many  as  last  year,  or  30.000  barrels. 
Cape  Cod  will  have  not  far  from  275.000 


barrels,  a  shortage  of  12.000  from  last  sea¬ 
son.  Ilot  and  dry  weather  cut  the  crop  in 
most  producing  sections.  Frices  are  now 
running  from  $5.50  to  $6  per  barrel. 

Potatoes,  light  crop  in  this  county. 
Growers  are  inclined  to  store.  Buyers  are 
offering_  60  cents  at  present.  Early  cab¬ 
bage,  $5  at  car.  Prospects  are  for  better 
price  for  late.  We  have  average  crop  of 
fruit.  Pears  and  plums  are  largest  crop 
in  years.  Apples,  50  to  60  per  cent,  of 
crop.  Very  few  spray.  Very  few  picked 
yet.  We  have  Kings  and  Greenings  picked. 
Expect  to  begin  on  Baldwins  and  Ben  Davis 
soon.  w.  E.  B. 

Cortland.  N.  Y. 

We  do  not  see  anything  extraordinary  in 
the  potato  situation  this  season,  as  wo  be¬ 
lieve  there  will  be  ample  to  go  around. 
Idaho.  Utah,  parts  of  Colorado.  Minnesota 
and  Wisconsin  are  ail  reported  to  have  the 
usual  crop.  These  points  supply  our  terri¬ 
tory.  It  is  possible  that  prices  will  aver¬ 
age  probably  15  cents  per  bushel  higher 
than  last  season.  The  only  apparent  short¬ 
age  is  in  the  Greeley  district  of  Colorado, 
where  stock  is  small  on  account  of  short 
crop.  WEAVER  COMMISSION  CO. 

Wichita,  Kan. 

We  have  had  a  very  good  month  for 
doing  work ;  the  rains  have  changed  the 
fields  to  a  luxuriant  green,  and  pasturage 
is  fine;  consequently  stock  of  all  kinds  is 
doing  well.  The  apple  crop  is  two  weeks 
earlier  than  usual,  and  is  less  than  one- 
half  a  crop.  Apple  buyers  are  scarce, 
crying  a  large  crop,  and  trying  to  force  a 
low  price,  offering  for  barrel  and  fruit. 
Greenings.  $1.75;  red  fruit  $2.25.  The 
county  fair  was  a  success  in  regard  to  at¬ 
tendance.  Stock  was  short,  also  vegetables. 
Five  Granges  exhibited  and  received  pre¬ 
miums.  Corn  nearly  all  cut.  and  good  crop. 

Canandagua.  N.  Y.  E.  t.  b. 

All  information  that  we  have  been  able 
to  obtain  indicates  that  there  is  a  heavy 
shortage  in  the  hay  crop  this  year.  This 
extends  over  a  wide  section  of  country,  from 
Texas,  Oklahoma  and  Kansas,  as  far  as 
Pennsylvania.  In  this  city  Timothy  hay  is 
selling  on  local  market  at  $20  per  ton. 

Quincy,  Ill.  collins  plow  co. 

.  As  near  as  we  can  find  out.  the  hay  crop 
is  short  almost  everywhere.  The  crop  in 
Northern  Michigan  was  verv  good.  It  is 
being  baled  and  moved  rapidly.  Farmers 
are  receiving  big  prices  for  their  hay.  Not¬ 
withstanding  the  short  crop,  we  have  been 
having  a  tremendous  hav  press  business 
the  largest  ever.  We  have  an  idea  that  the 
hay  crop  will  be  probably  65  per  cent. 

ANN  ARBOR  MACHINE  CO. 

Ann  Arbor,  Mich.. 

It  is  well  known  that  the  1911  crop  is 
rar  short  of  the  average.  Recent  rains  aver 
a  large  portion  of  the  country  have  made 
the  prospects  more  favorable  for  the 
meadows  for  next  year.  However,  in  our 
opinion,  the  price  of  hay  is  going  to  he 
very  high  before  the  next  crop  is  available 
Quite  a  large  per  cent,  of  the  1911  crop  is 
already  in  the  bale.  Our  hay  press  season 
was  somewhat  earlier  than  in  other  years 
which  would  indicate  that  the  baling  of 
hay  began  earlier  than  usual. 

DA1N  MFC.  CO.  OF  IOWA. 

Ottumwa,  Iowa. 


GO  TO  SCHOOL 

AT  OUR  EXPENSE 


FARM  AND  FIRESIDE,  for  thirty- 
three  years  the  National  Farm  Paper, 
is  going  to  send  a  number  of  boys  to 
State  Agricultural  School  this  winter.  It 
offers  a  Short  Course  at  the  State  College 
at  Ithaca,  N.  Y..  for  one  or  more  boys  in 
every  county.  The  Farm  and  Fireside 
Scholarship  of  $100  in  casli  will  pay  for 
your  board,  room,  tuition,  fees,  and  railroad 
fare  and  other  necessary'  expenses. 

To  qualify  for  this  Scholarship  of  $100 
you  are  required  to  give  references  as  to 
your  industry  and  character  and  to  do  a 
small  and  definite  amount  of  extension 
work  in  your  community.  The  Scholarship 
Diploma,  which  is  a  handsome  and  im¬ 
posing  document,  will  be  sent  you  as  soon 
as  you  are  accepted  as  a  candidate. 

There  is  nothing  competitive  about  thjs  great 
Scholarship  offer.  One  humlred  dollars  in  cilsh  will 
positively  bo  awarded  to  every  candidate  who  fulfills 
the  conditions  of  this  offer.  Naturally,  a  great  many 
moro  candidates  will  be  nominated  than  there  will 
he  Scholarships  to  go  around.  Hut  it  will  bo  a  cuse  of 
“first  nominated,  first  elected.”  So  if  you  wish  to 
obtain  a  Scholarship,  apply  at  once,  giving  references. 

Scholarship  Committee,  Dept.  H 

FARM  AND  FIRESIDE 
Springfield,  Ohio 


A  $100  CASH  SCHOLAR¬ 
SHIP  AT  YOUR 
AGRICULTURAL  SCHOOL 


Eiperienced  Farmer^!1 

ence.  JNO.  REISS,  Princess  Anne,  Maryland. 

WANTED-MAN  and  WIFE-™»“^ 

bouse,  three  in  family.  Man  to  take  care  of  two 
horses,  500  layers,  10  brood  sows;  one  with  some 
swine  experience  preferred.  Best  reference  re¬ 
quired.  Address  EL  WELL  ST0CKDALE,  White  Haven.  Pa. 

POSITION  WANTED  as  Foreman  on  a  farm:  understands  all 
kind  of  farm  work,  machinery,  stock,  etc.  Married.  Good 
references.  Address  BYRON  M.  VELIK,  Rhluebeck,  N.  Y. 

DAIRYMAN  WANTED 

Man  ancl  Wife  (without  children),  to  take 
charge  permanently  of  private  dairy.  People 
who  have  had  experience,  and  are  good,  practical 
workers,  and  can  make  first-class  butter.  Clean¬ 
liness  essential.  Must  be  steady  and  industrious 
and  able  to  furnish  good  references.  Address 
“Dairyman,”  44  N.  16th  St.,  East  Orange,  N.  J. 


FARM  WANTFn  *n  Jersey,  near  the  water, 

r  ,  ”  ,  1  „  50  to  75  miles  out.  Good 

outbuildings;  house  7  rooms:  running  stream  and 
a  good  orchard;  suitable  for  poultry  plant  All 
stock  and  tools  included.  State  particulars  and 
lowest  cash  price.  Address  G.  W.  G.,  care  E  N  -Y 


FOR  SAI F  or  RFNT~30acreFartn-  Pric® 

1  ^ Y ,  „  LCc  °F  1VE,rl  1  U.-700-  Rent,  $15.00 

monthly.  Henry  C.  Carter,  Winsted,  Conn.,  Riverton  Stage. 


GINSENG  SEEDS 

$15.00,  2,000.  "  . . . 


New  crop. 

. ,. . . ,  J8.00,  1,000; 

F.  E.  PIERSON,  Groton,  N.  Y 


CONTENTS 

Tun  Rural  New-Yorker,  October  14,  1911. 
FARM  TOPICS. 

Further  “Graduate  Reflections” . 

Plowing  Under  Rye . 

Figures  of  a  Railroad  Farm . 

Surface  Sowing  of  Lime . 

Plaster  as  Fertilizer . 

Restoring  Old  Pasture  . 

Lime  on  Beans . 

Hope  Farm  Notes . . 

Diary  of  Farm  Work . 

Coining  Farmers’  Meetings . 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

A  Comparison  of  Hens  and  Cows.  1001, 

The  Merits  of  Angora  Goats . 

The  Story  of  a  Dairy  Herd . 

Home  of  the  Black  and  White . 

Make  the  Papers  Fit . 

Milk  Scores  Compared . 

Feather  Troubles  . 

A  Liecless  Henhouse . 

The  Hen  Contest . 

An  Engineer  and  nis  Hens . 

Milk  . 

-Milk  in  Northern  Ohio . 

HORTICULTURE. 

A  Tree  Dope . . 

Handling  the  Apple  Crop . 

The  Apple  Situation . 

Selling  Vermont  Apple  Crop . 

Orchard  Demonstration  in  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  . 

Oats  in  Strawberries . 

The  Value  of  Orchard  Trees . 

Plums  in  Southeast  Missouri . 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day . ". . 

Hunting  Dewdrops  . 

The  Rural  Patterns . 

Cure  for  Ivy  Poison . 

Keeping  Meat  Without  Ice . . 

Corn  Chowder  . 

Peanut  Canapes  . 


1001 
1005 
1 005 
1 007 
1007 
1007 

1007 

1008 
101 1 
1011 


1002 

1002 

1014 

1014 

1014 

1015 

1016 
1016 
1016 
1016 
1017 
1017 


1002 

1003 

1004 

1 005 

1005 

1006 
1007 
1009 


WANTED— HENNERY  BROWN  E6GS,,"T,,V 

Regular  trade  with  right  parties.  No  commission 
Correspondence  invited.  P.  C.  H..  care  R.  N.-Y. 

FLORHAM  GUERNSEYS.... 

Several  Yearling  Bulls  for  sale  at  very  moderate 
prices.  Pedigrees  and  photographs  furnished. 

L#  HOPE  Madison,  New  Jersey 

I*OK  SALl. — Chester  White  Piss,  C  weeks  old,  from  registered 
stock  direct  from  reliable  breeder.  R.  S.  Guile,  Peun  Yau,  N.  Y. 

GHFSHIRF<?-,Roth  sex-  AI>  at'es  The  quality 
unconinco  herd.  C.  E.  SMITH,  Castile,  N.V. 

HESTER  WHITES— A  few  Choice  Registered  BOARS 
for  sale,  EUGENE  T,  BLACK.  Scio,  N.  Y 


.  1012 

.  1012 

.  1013 

.  1013 

.  1013 

.  1013 

.  3013 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

A  Bicycle  Grinder .  1002 

The  New  York  Firearms  Law .  1002 

The  Consumers’  Dollar .  1006 

The  Question  of  Cartage .  1006 

Icehouses  of  Concrete .  1007 

Editorials  .  1010 

Events  of  the  Week .  1011 

Nows  from  Albany,  N.  Y .  1011 

Publisher’s  Desk  .  1018 


For  Sale-Registered  Cheshire  Whites 

Six  weeks  old  Sows  and  Barrows,  $7.00  to  $8.00 

Eight  “  .  8.00  to  9.00 

Y'earling  Sows,  bred  to  our  celebrated  Boar,  $20  00 
to  $25  00.  G.  JASON  WATERS.  Fair  Acre  Farm, 
R.  F.  D.  42,  Norwalk,  Conn. 


D 


UROC  PIGS,  SB.  Growthy,  Pedigreed  Angora  kit¬ 
tens,  $3.50  each.  Seveno  Weeks,  DeGraff,  Ohio. 


CHK8JHIR.E8 — The  long,  deep-bodied  white  bacon 
Hog,  prize  winners  at  State  and  County  fairs. 
Write  your  wants.  E.  K.  Morse,  Moravia,  N.  Y. 


C 


EARLY  CHESTNUTS  &  SHELLBARKS 

wanted.  \\  mi.  II.  Cohen  Co.,  CoininiHufou  Mer- 
cliantM.  -  .  .  229  WaHhliiffton  8t.,  Now  York. 

CHESTNUTS  AND  HICKORY  NUTS 

Please  send  to  E.  B.  Woodward,  302  Greenwich  St.,  N.  Y. 

Egtg's,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  8  CO.,  Com¬ 
mission  Merchants.  284  Washington  St.. New  York. 

D UKASE  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Cotn- 
1  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter, 
Eggs,  Poultry.  Pork,  Calves.  Hay.  Grain,  Beans 
Apples,  etc.  I-  11.  WOOBWARI),  *02  Greenwich  9t.,  M.T, 

JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 


Highest  prices  guaranteed  for  White  or  Brown 
Leghorns  or  mixed  eggs.  Also  high  grade  butter. 
Write  us  for  information.  Atrial  will  convince  you 
of  our  ability  to  obtain  extreme  prices.  Address 

„  „  JOHNSTONE  &  COUGHLAN, 

172  Duane  Street  :  :  New  York 


Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 


93-95  South  Market  St., 


Boston. 


Apples — Potatoes 

and  all  Fruits  and  Vegetables,  Fancy 
Eggs;  Hothouse  Products.  Top  prices 
secured  for  choice  products. 

Archdeacon  &  Co. ,  100  Murray  St.,  New  York 


GKO.  P.  HAMMOND.  EST.  1875.  FRANK  W.  GODWIN 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  CO., 

aiul  dealers  in  all  kindsof 
GOUN1KY  PKODLCK,  Apples,  Peaches,  Ber 
nes  Butter,  Eggs,  Cheese,  Poultry.  Mushrooms 
and  Hot-house  Products  a  Specialty.  Consignments 
solicited.  34  Si  36  Little  12th  St..  New  York- 


1020 


THE  RTJRjVI>  new-yorkeh 


October  14,  1911. 


i 


This 


The  Big  Kalamazoo  Stove 
Book — Just  Mail  the  Coupon 
in  the  lower  left  hand  cor¬ 
ner — or  write  a  letter  or  pos¬ 
tal — anyway,  get  the  book — 
it’s  the  best  book  ever  put 
out  and  it  will  tell  you  more 
about  stoves  in  a  minute 
than  you’d  otherwise 

learn  in  years  — 

facts  that  count — 

that  will  save 

money— acts 
that  stove 

dealers  don’t 

know.  Send 

coupon  right 

now —  today. 


Try  a  Kalamazoo  Stove 

for  30  days  at  our  expense 

— we  pay  the  freight — after  that 
360  days  approval  test — Cash  or 
Credit.  Take  your  choice. 


If  you  need  a  stove  or  range  in  your  home  you  can  get  the 
best  made — the  Kalamazoo — at  lower  cost  with  less  trouble  than 
any  ordinary  stove.  We  guarantee  to  ship  your  stove  the  day  the 
order  is  received.  We  give  you  the  choice  of  hundreds  of  stoves 
of  every  imaginable  size  and  style  for  all  kinds  of  fuel — a  choice 
that  the  biggest  city  dealer  couldn’t  give  you — not  1-3  as  many. 
As  explained  in  the  free  book,  we’ll  give  you  generous  credit 
terms — as  liberal  as  any  dealer  could  extend. 

You  could  well  afford  to  take  our  word  for  the  Kalamazoo 
because  we  have  a  reputation  everywhere  for  the  high  quality 
stoves  we  turn  out  and  the  square  way  we  treat  our  customers, 
but  we  don’t,  ask  that.  We  simply  say — “Let  us  send  you  a  f 
Kalamazoo  stove  or  range,  paying  the  freight.  Try  it  for  30 
days.  Use  it  to  heat  your  house  or  to  do  the  cooking — cook  y 
90  meals  or  more — and  if  you’re  not  convinced  at  the  end  of  30  // 
days  that  it’s  the  one  and  only  stove  for  you — ship  it  right  f 
back  and  we’ll  pay  the  return  freight.”  Remember  we  pay  [/ '■ 
all  freight  charges  whether  you  keep  the  stove  or  not. 

More  than  that  we  give  you  a  further  test  of  360  Days. 

You  have  every  chance  to  prove  your  Kalamazoo.  No  V 
method  could  be  more  open — no  method  could  appeal  more  \ 
to  intelligent  buyers.  \ 

You  wouldn’t  get  such  an  offer  if  the  Kalamazoo  was  any 
but  the  best.  It  takes  a  faultlessly  good  stove — the  very 
top  notcher  among  the  best  stoves  in  the  country — to 
stand  such  a  trial  and  test  and  sell  itself. 

You’ve  probably  heard  about  Kalamazoo  inspections  , 

— every  single  part  examined  at  every  stage  of  con- 
struction  and  every  faulty  piece  thrown  in  the  scrap  /*. 
heap.  If  the  inspectors  found  a  single  flaw  in  the  last 
inspection,  back  goes  the  stove  and  it  keeps  going 
back  until  it  meets  our  high  standards.  That’s  why  v 
Kalamazoos  “make  good.’’  That’s  why  you’ll  get  more 
comfort  and  satisfaction  and  saving  in  fuel  bills  out  of 
your  Kalamazoo  than  any  other  stove  made.  |||S 

Don’t  wait  in  getting  the  big  Stove  Book.  Find  JB 
out  about  the  Kalamazoo.  It’s  a  wonderful 
proposition  and  a  wonderful  stove.  It  has 
simply  swept  the  country — no  other  stove  f\ 


~  You  Need 
The  Big  Stove 


D_ L  Just  your  name  and  ad- 
W  MJiJUrt  dress  on  the  coupon  or 
’  postal  brings  it  to  you  prepaid.  The 

Kalamazoo  Stove  Book  is  money  in  your 
pocket.  Even  if  you’ve  definitely  made 
up  your  mind  to  buy  some  other  stove, 
this  big  book  showing  hundreds  of  styles 
— will  tell  you  facts  that  protect  you  and 
enable  you  to  spend  your  stove  money  to  best 
advantage  wherever  you  buy. 

A  real  reference  work  on  stoves  that  is  as 
interesting  as  a  novel,  yet  so  full  of  dollar- 
saving  information  that  you’ll  be  astonished. 
All  about  how  stoves  are  made,  different 
kinds  of  grates  for  various  fuels,  about  the 
best  materials,  flues,  dampers,  drafts,  doors, 
the  famous  Kalamazoo  Thermometer,  coated 
tanks,  finish. '  Every  kind  of  stove  and  range 
illustrated  and  described.  Big  hotel 
L  ranges,  small  cook  stoves,  base  burners, 
^  carbonheaters,  hot  blast  stoves,  etc.,  stoves 

for  coke,  hard  and  soft  coal,  and  wood. 
And  then  full  details  about  the  credit 
terms,  30  days'  free  trial,  160  days’  approval 
test.  Get  our  low  prices,  get  this  magnifi- 
cent  book.  Send  the  coupon  right  now, 
or  a  letter  or  a  postal,  just  as  you 
please — don’tdelay.  Suchanoffer 
as  this  deserves  your  immediate 
attention  and  all  you  need  to 
get  it  is  to  fill  out  the  cou- 
pon,  paste  on  a  postal  or 
put  in  an  envelope  and 
mail  it— Now. 


£  proposition  like  it. 

i  Write  for  Catalogue  No.  114  or  use 
PH  coupon. 

g  Kalamazoo  Stove  Company 

Manufacturers ,  Kalamazoo,  Michigan 


Kalamazoo  Stove  Company,  Mfrs., 

Kalamazoo,  Mich. 

Please  send  me  free  and  prepaid  your  big 
Stove  Book  and  Catalogue  No.  114  with  full 
particulars  of  the  30  Days'  Trial ,  360  Days'  Ap¬ 
proval  Test.  Cash  and  Credit  Terms ,  etc. 


Kalamazoo 
Radiant 
Base  Burner 


Name 


Street  No.  or  Rural  Route 


Direct  to  You 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4121. 


NEW  YORK,  OCTOBER  21,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR. 


root  system  here  is  poor,  and  no  fruit  grower  ought 
to  plant  such  a  tree  when  he  can  get  better  quality. 
Its  height  is  six  feet  four  inches,  and  it  measures 
fifteen-sixteenths  inch  diameter.  Outside  of  the 
roots,  this  is  a  well-developed  tree. 

In  Fig.  409'  four  undesirable  trees  are  shown.  No.  1 
is  a  one-year  Rhode  Island  Greening  bud  that  has  not 


foot  high  and  too  small  to  transplant  with  profit. 

Fig.  410  pictures  a  crooked  peach  tree  with  a  poor 
root.  It  measures  three  feet  four  inches  high  from 
the  collar,  and  is  nine-sixteenths-inch  calibre.  This 
is  not  small  by  any  means,  but  the  formation  is  bad. 

Fig.  411  figures  two  splendid  specimens  of  North¬ 
ern-grown  peach  trees.  They  are  five-eighths-inch 

calibre,  dug  while  still 
growing  on  September  4. 
The  one  on  the  left  is 
an  Early  Crawford.  It 
is  four  feet  two  inches 
high.  The  other  is  El- 
berta,  without  doubt  the 
most  extensively  planted 
variety  in  the  country. 
Notice  the  roots  on  these 
trees.  They  are  bound  to 
grow  and  do  well  if 
given  any  kind  of  a 
chance.  Some  fruit  grow¬ 
ers  would  probably  want 
to  cut  out  the  top  some¬ 
what  to  make  low  heads. 

All  these  trees  were 
dug  on  September  4,  and 
there  was  a  whole  month 
of  growing  weather  yet 
for  peaches  and  apples. 


SELECTING  A  NURSERY  TREE. 

Why  One  Is  Better  Than  Another. 

During  the  coming  season  we  shall  tell  our  readers 
all  we  can  about  nursery  trees  and  the  nursery  busi¬ 
ness.  Fruit  growing  has  become  an  immense  busi¬ 
ness,  and  one  cornerstone  of  it  is  the  quality  of  the 
trees  which  are  planted 
in  the  orchard.  These  F 

trees  should  be  well 
grown  and  well  shaped 
if  the  planter  ever  ex¬ 
pects  fair  returns.  There 
are  distinct  grades  of 
trees — one  being  decid¬ 

edly  better  than  another. 

We  have  not  yet  seen  a 
satisfactory  description 
of  these  different  trees 
so  that  a  buyer  would 

know  what  to  select 
when  buying.  Having 
told  how  such  trees  are 
grown  we  now  show 
pictures  of  the  different 
grades.  So  far  as  we  j 
know,  there  is  nothing 
which  illustrates  this 
side  of  the  business 
more  clearly  than  this 
set  of  pictures.  They 
should  be  saved  for 
reference  in  buying. 

From  time  to  time  dur¬ 
ing  the  season  we  shall 
take  up  other  features 
of  the  nursery  trade  and 
try  to  make  them  clear. 

Fig.  407  shows  char¬ 
acteristic  apple  trees, 
good  nursery  stock.  No. 

1  is  a  specimen  of  a 
three  -  year  -  old  apple 
graft.  It  is  fifteen-six¬ 
teenths  inch  in  diame¬ 
ter  at  the  collar,  and  six 
feet  four  inches  high, 
roots  excluded.  The 
roots  were  cut  some¬ 
what  in  digging,  but  no¬ 
tice  that  they  do  not 
have  the  fibres  like  the 
two-year-old  next  to  it. 

No.  2  is  a  first-class 
two-year-old  apple  tree; 
splendid  roots,  well  de¬ 
veloped  head,  clean  and 
thrifty,  seven-eighths 
inch  in  diameter.  No. 

3  is  a  one-year-old  Bald¬ 
win  bud  four  feet  seven 
inches  in  height.  No.  4 
is  a  Rhode  Island  Green¬ 
ing  bud.  It  is  hard  to 
make  the  Greening  grow  straight,  but  this  is  a  fine 
specimen.  It  is  difficult  to  tell  the  difference  between 
a  two-year-old  and  a  three-year-old  apple  tree.  A 
one-year  bud  can  be  easily  pointed  out.  It  is  the 
growth  of  one  year  and  can  be  headed  any  height 
when  set  out.  A  little  care  would  need  to  be  used  in 
pruning  the  three-year-old,  so  as  to  counterbalance 
the  loss  of  roots. 

Fig.  408  shows  a  three-year-old  apple  tree.  The 


Breaking  a  Combination 

Hon.  Samuel  L.  Shank, 
Mayor  of  Indiana¬ 
polis,  Ind. 

Dear  Sir : — Will  you 
be  kind  enough  to  give 
us  the  facts  about  the 
so-called  “potato  deal’’ 
in  your  city?  We  have 
seen  many  newspaper  re¬ 
ports  which  may  or  may 
not  be  reliable,  and  we 
would  like  £o  give  our 
readers  the  exact  facts. 
This  matter  of  bringing 
the  consumer  closer  to 
the  producer  is  one 
which  we  have  advo¬ 
cated  for  years. 

Yours  truly, 

EDITOR  THE  RURAL  NEW- 
YORKER. 

Replying  to  yours  of 
October  1,  permit  me  to 
say  that  the  plan  of 
Mayor  Shank,  as  tried 
in  this  city  last  Satur¬ 
day,  is  to  bring  into  the 
city  market  houses  fruits 
and  vegetables  purchased 
direct  from  the  produc¬ 
ers.  This  eliminates  the 
middleman’s  profit  and 
gives  tremendous  ad¬ 
vantage  in  the  disposal  of  the  stuff  at  prices  within 
the  bounds  of  reason.  So  far  the  experiment  has 
been  with  potatoes  only.  These  the  mayor  pur¬ 
chased  in  Michigan  in  carload  lots  at  69  cents,  f.  o.  b. 
Indianapolis.  He  was  able  to  sell  them  at  75  cents  a 
bushel.  This  paid  all  expenses.  At  the  time  potatoes 
were  selling  at  $1.60  a  bushel  in  this  city.  Dealers 
immediately  lowered  their  price  to  $1,  but  raised  it 
again  as  soon  as  the  mayor’s  supply  was  exhausted. 


No.  1,  Three-Year  Apple  Graft;  No.  2,  Two-Year  Tree;  No.  3,  One-Year  Baldwin; 

No.  4,  R.  I.  Greening  Bud.  Fig.  407. 

developed  properly.  It  is  one  foot  two  inches  high,  but 
give  the  nurseryman  two  years  more  and  he  will  make 
something  out  of  it.  No.  2  is  a  third-class  three- 
year-old  apple  tree,  three  feet  eight  inches  high,  one- 
half  inch  calibre.  It  is  crooked,  and  old,  and  small. 

No.  3  is  a  second-class  three-year-old  that  should  be 
burned  up.  It  would  not  be  so  bad  if  the  roots  were 
not  all  on  the  one  side.  No.  4  is  a  Baldwin  apple 
bud  that  did  not  make  a  good  growth.  It  is  only  1J4 


10213 

It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  say  that  this  sale  was  a 
tremendous  success.  The  swpply  was  exhausted 
within  three  hours  and  orders  were  taken  in  advance 
for  two  more  carloads.  There  are  about  600  bushels 
in  a  car. 

The  mayor  realizes  that  we  must  have  middlemen 
and  he  has  no  quarrel  with  them.  What  he  is  trying 
to  do  is  to  break  down  the  combine,  so  far  as  In¬ 
dianapolis’  is  concerned,  that  places  the  price  of  food 
products  almost  beyond  the  means  of  the  man  with  a 
small  salary.  His  attention  was  first  called  to  the 
matter  when  he  learned  that  potatoes  of  excellent 
quality  could  be  bought  within  200  miles  of  Indi¬ 
anapolis  for  from  60  to  70  cents  a  bushel,  and  at  the 
time  the  people  here  were  paying  about  $2.  The 
freight  rate  is  small,  and  he  made  up  his  mind  that 
there  was  a  holdup  somewhere.  He  has  purchased 
more  potatoes  and  they  will  be  on  sale  each  market 
day.  The  mayor  realizes  that  this  is  a  tremendous 
undertaking,  but  he  is  in  the  fight  to  stay.  One  thing 
is  certain,  and  that  is  that  prices  in  Indianapolis  are 
lower  than  they  were  before  the  mayor  got  busy.  At 
least  500  letters  congratulating  him  on  his  stand  have 
been  received  from  people  all  over  the  country.  This 
convinces  him  that  he  is  on  the  right  track. 

Indianapolis,  Ind.  annis  burk, 

Secretary  to  the  Mayor. 


SELLING  BOXED  APPLES  IN  NEW  YORK. 

Can  you  recommend  a  reliable  cold  storage  plant  in 
New  York  where  I  could  store  my  apples  with  the  idea 
of  selling  them  to  consumers  at  retail  by  the  barrel,  and 
having  a  truckman  deliver  them  from  the  storage  house? 
I  believe  storage  charges  are  about  10  cents  per  month, 
and  truckage  charges  would  be  25  cents  per  barrel  out ; 
how  much  in,  I  do  not  know,  but  perhaps  averaging  10 
cents.  Would  not  something  of  the  sort  pay  for  one  who 
wants  to  work  up  a  retail  trade  to  use  a  large  number 
of  apples  when  young  orchards  come  into  bearing? 

Connecticut.  m.  d.  c. 

There  are  several  reliable  storage  houses  here.  A 
few  years  ago  a  New  York  grower  with  a  good  crop 
of  apples  brought  his  crop  here  and  had  it  put  in 
storage.  The  owner  came  right  here  and  remained 
until  the  fruit  was  sold — giving  personal  attention 
to  the  business.  We  understand  this  plan  worked 
well.  We  doubt  if  such  a  thing  would  pay  unless  you 
could  come  right  here  with  your  fruit  and  see  to  it. 
It  is  doubtful  if  truckmen  could  be  found  who  would 
take  a  personal  interest  in  delivery  and  do  it  econom¬ 
ically.  Some  such  plan  will  no  doubt  be  worked  out 
in  the  future.  It  remains  to  be  found  how  much  fruit 
one  must  control  in  order  to  make  such  a  scheme  pay. 
Some  years  ago  a  firm  in  western  New  York  adver¬ 
tised  heavily  in  the  city  papers,  offering  boxed  apples. 
The  boxes  were  sent  singly  by  express  from  western 
New  York,  and  we  understand  the  scheme  failed. 
The  way  to  work  that  is  to  store  the  apples  here  and 
box  and  deliver  as  wanted. 

“THE  STATE  OF  THE  FARMER.” 

Mr.  Wetmore’s  able  and  interesting  contribution 
on  page  959  arouses  a  legion  of  thoughts  and  reflec¬ 
tions  bearing  upon  the  prosperity  of  the  farmer  and 
his  share  of  the  consumer’s  dollar.  Just  so  long  as 
farmers  lack  the  courage  to  compel  the  bland  and 
smiling  candidate  to  define  his  position  on  matters 
bearing  on  rural  prosperity,  or  hesitate  to  tell  their 
Congressmen  plainly  “what  is  what,”  just  so  long 
will  middlemen  hand  them  but  35  out  of  the  con¬ 
sumer’s  100  cents.  Some  time  during  the  coming 
Winter  spend  a  day  in  some  public  library.  Make  a 
list  of  any  or  as  many  States  as  you  like  and  see  how 
much  legislation  was  done  at  the  previous  session  for 
farmers,  and  how  much  was  done  for  manufacturers. 
The  result  of  such  an  investigation  will  prove  a 
mighty  big  surprise  to  the  man  who  thinks  the  sun 
sets  six  or  seven  miles  beyond  his  farm. 

Petitions  have  been,  are  now,  and  probably  always 
will  be  more  or  less  of  a  joke  to  legislators.  Don’t 
take  the  writer’s  word  for  this,  but  ask  the  first  frank 
and  candid  Congressman  you  meet  as  to  their 
potency.  The  weight  of  a  firm  but  respectful  letter, 
even  though  it  required  but  two  cents,  has  made  many 
a  Congressman  think  we  already  had  parcels  post. 
But  under  no  circumstances  write  abusive  letters  or 
catalogue  a  list  of  dire  results  that  will  follow  your 
Congressman’s  voting  for  or  against  your  w'ishes. 

On  the  scroll,  held  in  the  hand  of  that  mosaic 
Minerva  at  the  head  of  the  grand  staircase  in  the 
Congressional  Library  at  Washington,  agriculture 
comes  first  in  the  list  of  occupations  of  man.  About 
a  mile  down  Pennsylvania  Avenue  in  the  White 
House  it  seems  to  come  last  these  days.  Just  across 
that  invisible  line  called  Canada  the  voters — the  yous, 
I’s,  and  the  other  fellows — decided  whether  or  not 
they  desired  reciprocity  with  the  United  States. 
Here,  in  the  land  of  the  free  and  the  home  of  the 
brave,  the  yous,  I’s,  and  the  other  fellows  had  nothing 
to  say.  That  hurts. 

Now  about  President  Taft.  So  far  as  the  writer 
knows  the  charge  of  inefficiency  was  never  made 


THR  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

against  him  in  all  the  offices  he  held  previous  to  the 
Presidency.  But  in  all  the  offices  he  held  prior  to 
the  Presidency  there  were  men  higher  up — “bosses.” 
And  without  a  “boss”  some  men  are  different. 
Bradford  Co.,  Pa.  s.  h.  madden. 


JACKET  FOR  A  CHIMNEY. 

In  answer  to  A.  S.  H.,  Franklin,  Vt.,  page  941,  I 
would  suggest  covering  the  chimney  with  a  sheet  iron 
(galvanized)  jacket  after  the  manner  shown  in  ac¬ 
companying  sketch,  Fig.  408.  The  jacket  should  be 
flanged  at  bottom,  as  shown,  to  form  flashing,  and 
turned  oi'er  on  top  of  chimney  for  same  reason. 
The  stone  cap  and  shingles  will  hold  it  in  place  with¬ 
out  other  fastening.  This  might  seem  somewhat  dif¬ 
ficult  at  first,  but  by  a  little  thought  and  a  few 
measurements  any  man  who  can  run  a  farm  ought  to 
make  a  good  job  of  it.  The  jacket  may  be  made  in 
two  pieces  and  joined  at  the  opposite  corners  of  the 
chimney.  If  the  chimney  is  repaired  and  the  jacket 
placed  on  there  will  be  no  more  trouble  from  the  wind 
or  breezes.  J.  d. 

Columbus,  O. 

A  CHEERFUL  CITY  FARMER'S  TALE. 

On  page  168  you  ask  for  experience  of  city  men  on 
the  farm ;  perhaps  my  case  will  about  “fit  the  papers.” 
I  was  born  and  always  lived  in  the  city,-  but  with  a 
strong  desire  and  hope  that  sometime  I  would  be  able 
to  buy  a  farm  and  live  in  the  open  after  about  45 
years  of  work  between  brick  walls  and  in  the  din  of 
machinery.  In  preparation  for  the  change  of  life  I 
have  taken  The  R.  N.-Y.  for  about  30  years,  and  the 
helps  and  hints  in  that  paper  I  practiced  in  a  half-acre 
garden,  where  by  getting  up  at  4  a.  m.  before  going 
to  the  mill  at  6.30  I  succeeded  in  having  a  very  good 
garden,  all  kinds  of  fruit  and  vegetables,  which  was 
rather  a  wonder  to  my  friends  and  neighbors,  who 


JACKET  ON  A  CHIMNEY".  Fio.  4U.S. 


couldn’t  understand  why  my  crops  would  grow  and 
ripen  and  their  would  not. 

After  looking  round  for  several  years  for  a  farm  to 
suit  me,  I  finally  located  in  “sunny  southern  New 
Hampshire,”  as  the  real  estate  men  call  it.  I  could 
have  bought  a  farm  sooner,  but  I  had  taken  such  a 
long  course  of  education  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  and  books 
on  fruit  growing  that  none  but  the  right  place  would 
suit ;  air  drainage  for  fruit*  dry  for  poultry,  access  to 
trains  and  trolley  cars,  good  neighborhood,  and  far 
enough  away  from  factory  towns  to  avoid  fruit  steal¬ 
ing,  and  also  a  bargain.  After  four  years  here  I  am 
satisfied  we  have  the  right  spot.  My  first  experience 
was  before  moving  onto  the  farm.  When  my  friends 
learned  of  my  intentions  they  began  to  give  me  an 
immense  amount  of  advice  gratis;  they  all  knew  what 
ought  to  be  done  and  how  to  do  it.  Bankers,  barbers 
and  pastors,  they  could  all  farm ;  oh,  it  was  easy ! 
Those  who  did  not  give  advice,  joked  about  it,  and  I 
really  think  their  estimates  of  my  mental  faculties 
were  much  lower  than  formerly.  If  I  had  only  pur¬ 
chased  a  business  in  the  city,  how  different  it  would 
have  been ;  would  have  been  one  of  our  leading  busi¬ 
ness  men  and  no  joke  about  it. 

The  first  experience  on  the  farm  is  to  find  that 
there  are  no  easy  jobs,  excepting  pruning  young  trees, 
of  which  we  planted  over  2,000,  and  this  job  is  not 
very  pleasant  when  snow  or  mud  prevails,  as  it  usually 
does  of  course  in  early  Spring  pruning,  and  we  can¬ 
not  wait  until  the  ground  is  dry,  as  the  young  trees 
need  lime-sulphur  spray  for  aphis  and  scale  before 
the  buds  open.  My  work  for  40  years  in  textile  mills 
had  not  been  laborious,  so  my  muscles  were  not  hard. 
Digging  post  holes  and  holes  for  young  trees,  and 
other  hard  work,  knocked  out  my  appetite  for  work, 
and  sometimes  for  food  as  well.  I  can  do  much  bet¬ 
ter  now,  but  let  no  man  look  for  easy  street  on  a 
farm.  I  can  now  stand  the  hard  work,  but  oh,  the 
dirt !  One  of  the  jobs  I  do  myself  is  cultivating  the 
young  trees,  as  close  as  possible  to  avoid  hoeing,  and 
at  the  same  time  avoid  barking  the  trees,  which  keeps 


October  21, 

me  wrestling  with  the  cultivator  so  much  that  I  per¬ 
spire  freely,  and  as  the  tool  stirs  up  a  cloud  of  dust 
before  taking  my  bath  I  am  just  the  color  of  a  cigar 
store  Indian.  I  put  in  a  pneumatic  tank  when  fixing 
up  the  place,  so  have  good  bathing  facilities,  but  am 
a  little  curious  sometimes  as  to  what  we  would  do 
if  short  of  water. 

As  a  city  man  I  of  course  thought  when  the  farm 
was  bought  and  paid  for  that  I  owned  it,  but  I  find 
I  only  own  it  in  part.  Some  other  people  in  this 
State  claim  the  right  to  pasture  deer  upon  it,  and 
have  passed  a  statute  to  that  effect,  with  the  result 
that  after  nursing  my  baby  trees  along,  plowing,  culti¬ 
vating,  green  manuring,  spraying,  picking  off  insects 
and  caterpillars  for  three  years,  some  deer  came  and 
ate  the  tops  of  over  100  appfe  trees.  This  looks  to 
me  like  partial  confiscation,  and  as  only  one  class 
of  people  is  at  the  expense  of  supporting  these  ani¬ 
mals,  it  should  be  and  probably  is  unconstitutional. 
I  had  another  experience  when  growing  corn  among 
these  small  trees.  As  soon  as  the  kernels  were  formed 
grey  squirrels  began  to  eat  them,  and  when  in  shock 
they  eat  some  shocks  entirely  clean.  What  I  do  not 
understand  is,  why  should  I  be  assessed  $40  or  $50 
worth  of  corn  to  feed  these  squirrels,  which  I  am  told 
are  protected  by  the  State?  It  looks  as  if  the  laws 
were  made  in  the  interest  of  the  railroad  and  hotel 
people,  to  make  it  interesting  to  Summer  visitors,  and 
not  in  the  interest  of  farmers  in  any  way,  and  I  now 
begin  to  understand  why  a  good  farm  could  be  bought 
cheap. 

Another  experience  for  a  city  man  is  the  number 
of  things  a  farmer  has  to  be  able  to  do,  and  I  have 
often  been  surprised  at  their  great  ability  in  doing 
them.  Some  of  these  men  woyld  have  made  a  big 
success  in  any  place.  They  do  carpenter  work, 
plumbing,  painting,  can  build  a  greenhouse,  under¬ 
stand  gasoline  engines  and  horses,  good  drivers,  and 
lots  of  other  things,  such  as  draining,  fence  building, 
felling  trees,  and  there  is  much  more  in  getting  a 
tree  down  right  than  most  people  are  aware  of.  Just 
figure  how  many  trades  a  farmer  must  know  some¬ 
thing  about  besides  farming  and  gardening,  and 
“then  some.”  I  have  known  men  who  were  skilled 
workmen  in  some  branch  of  work,  who  could  not  re¬ 
pair  a  small  thing  round  the  house  or  even  mend  a 
wheelbarrow;  but  who  would  “like  to  live  on  a  farm." 
Another  experience  is  the  amount  of  money  a  man 
can  sink  on  a  farm.  The  place  here  had  been  rented, 
and  part  of  the  time  nothing  done  but  cut  the  hay; 
not  a  tool  of  any  kind,  everything  from  a  nail  up  had 
to  be  bought.  Farmers  will  know  what  this  means, 
but  I  think  the  would-be  farmer  in  the  city  would  be 
startled  at  the  list  and  cost. 

As  a  green  city  farmer,  I  had  thought  that  good 
potatoes,  raised  on  new  land,  would  sell  quickly  in 
competition  with  inferior  stock,  but  did  not  find  it  so. 
Some  storekeepers  told  me  they  were  stocked  up  with 
poor  potatoes  at  a  higher  price  than  mine,  but  their 
customers  would  have  to  eat  the  poor  ones  first. 
Last  year  some  sold  as  low  as  25  cents  in  the  barn, 
I  sold  last  Spring  at  40  cents,  no  money  in  them  at 
that  price  to  me  after  paying  for  fertilizer  at  $38  per 
ton,  and  there  is  a  lot  of  hard  and  dusty  work  about 
growing  potatoes.  If  any  more  potatoes  are  grown, 
quantity  will  have  first  consideration. 

As  to  the  question  of  success  so  far,  it  all  depends 
as  to  the  kind  of  a  yardstick  you  measure  by.  If  a 
financial  yardstick  is  used  I  would  say  that  we  have 
made  no  money  that  can  be  seen,  but  if  we  figure  up 
the  improvement  in  health,  the  great  pleasure  to  us 
of  living  in  the  country  and  seeing  the  young  trees 
grow,  going  into  our  own  pine  woods,  having  all  the 
milk,  eggs,  butter,  pork,  hams  and  everything  grown 
in  a  garden,  our  own  growing  and  in  abundance,  it 
certainly  is  a  big  success  now,  and  promise  of  more 
in  the  future.  city  farmer. 

New  Hampshire. 

The  Mark  Lane  Express  states  that  many  cases  of 
nightshade  poisoning  of  cattle  and  sheep  are  reported 
this  season.  The  dry  weather  has  hurt  pastures  so 
that  stock  nibble  at  any  green  growth.  This  dry 
weather  is  also  favorable  to  a  larger  secretion  of  the 
poison  which  members  of  the  nightshade  family 
carry.  In  some  seasons  or  some  soils  these  plants 
may  be  entirely  harmless.  Under  other  conditions 
they  may  develop  so  much  of  the  poison  as  to  give 
deadly  results.  An  investigation  of  the  reported  case 
from  Michigan  shows  that  the  sickness  and  death 
were  evidently  due  to  eating  the  berries  of  a  plant  in 
the  garden.  The  evidence  seems  clear  that  this  plant 
was  a  “Wonderberry”  seedling.  The  past  season  is 
just  what  the  scientific  men  told  us  would  be  most 
likely  to  make  the  Wonderberry  a  poison  bearer. 

Sylvester  Johnson  of  Indiana,  hale  and  hearty  at  90 
years,  is  still  the  champion  grape  grower  of  Indiana.  Mr. 
Johnson  told  us  nearly  10  years  ago  that  he  attributed  his 
health  and  comfort  to  the  fact  that  he  ate  apples  every 
day. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


1023 


WALKING  OR  RIDING  PLOWS. 

Flow  much  more  sod  ground  can  a  man  and  team  turn 
over  with  a  sulky  plow  than  with  the  ordinary  walking 
plow?  I  have  been  told  that  on  ordinarily  smooth  side- 
hill  land  a  team  and  man  will  turn  over  about  an  acre  a 
day  of  sod  land  with  a  walking  plow.  This  coincides 
with  my  experience  in  New  York  State.  I  am  told  by  the 
owner  of  a  sulky  plow  that  a  man  and  team  can  turn  over 
three  acres  of  not  too  stony  side-hill  land  with  a  sulky 
plow.  j.  L.  L. 

Carmel,  N.  Y. 

If  the  walking  plow  turns  the  same  width  of  land 
as  the  sulky  plow  the  latter  will  not  plow  more  land 
per  day  than  will  the  walking  plow,  for  it  takes  as 
long  to  turn  with  riding  plows  as  with  walking  plows. 
Riding  plows  usually  cut  wider  furrows  than  walking 
plows,  and  take  more  horse  power  to  pull  them.  One 
man  and  three  horses  with  a  14-inch  walking  plow 
will  break  lj^  to  two  acres  per  day  in  good-sized 
fields,  and  the  same  man  and  four  or  five  horses  with 
a  riding  plow  having  two  14-inch  gangs,  will  break 
three  or  four  acres  per  day.  The  chief  advantage 
lies  in  saving  the  time  of  one  man  and  rendering 
the  work  less  laborious  for  the  plowman.  There  is 
the  further  advantage  that  the  riding  plow  does  more 
uniform  work.  If  your  friend  will  take  a  walking 
plow  capable  of  turning  a  furrow  the  same  width  as 


4 


THREE-YEAR  APPLE  TREE.  Fio.  408. 

See  First  Page. 

is  turned  by  his  sulky  or  riding  plow  and  keep  going 
as  steadily  and  as  long  as  when  using  the  riding 
plow  he  will  find  that  he  can  plow  the  same  area  of 
land  with  less  fatigue  to  the  horses.  The  plowman 
himself  will  be  “dead  tired,”  and  therein  is  the  secret 
of  the  popularity  of  riding  plows  and  cultivators ; 
the  farmer  considers  it  easier  to  purchase  new  horses 
than  it  is  to  regain  his  own  health  and  strength 
when  impaired  by  unnecessarily  hard  labor. 

Ohio.  W.  E.  DUCKWALL. 

SELLING  DIRECT  TO  CONSUMERS. 

Referring  to  L.  E.  G.’s  article  on  page  801  about 
his  poor  returns  from  maple  syrup  [a  Vermont  man 
netted  about  58  cents  a  gallon  on  a  commission  sale. 
Eds.]  he,  as  well  as  many  others  at  the  North 
(and  those  at  the  South,  for  that  matter,)  who  have 
like  high-class  products  indigenous  to  their  particu¬ 
lar  locality  to  sell,  should  insert  a  small  advertise¬ 
ment  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  It  reaches  a  territory  so  vast 
that  there  certainly  could  be  found  sufficient  patrons 
whose  tastes  savor  for  the  best,  and  who  would 
readily  take  advantage  of  the  offer  and  willingly  pay 
the  price  plus  the  expressage,  knowing  they  would 
get  the  pure  stuff.  It  is  likely  that  a  trade  could  be 
established  that  would  pay  as  handsomely  propor¬ 
tionately  as  the  Jones  Country  Sausage  Farm,  which, 
I  am  told,  has  long  ago  lost  its  identity  as  a  mere 
farm,  and  is  now  reckoned  as  a  packing  house,  but 
they  still  make  the  original  product  of  course.  Often 
I,  for  one,  would  like  some  maple  syrup,  but  dare  not 
purchase  locally,  as  I  could  get  nothing  but  a  watery 


sweetened  concoction  with  a  fancy  label.  It  is  quite 
a  compliment  here  to  remember  a  friend  at  Christ¬ 
mas  time  with  an  article  that  cannot  always  be 
bought ;  I  imagine  that  the  pecans  and  persimmons, 
the  magnolias  and  jessamines  I  occasionally  send  to 
Northern  friends  are  accepted  with  the  same  relish. 
Some  pecan  growers,  for  instance,  have  worked  up  a 
patronage  at  the  North  and  West  where  many  have 
never  tasted  that  nut,  through  a  little  well-placed  ad¬ 
vertisement  at  the  beginning  and  have  retained  that 
patronage  for  years,  realizing  75  cents  to  $1.25  per 
pound  for  fancy  nuts,  while  others  are  content  to 


FOUR  UNDESIRABLE  TREES.  Fig.  409. 

See  First  Page. 

sell  the  same  product  possibly  at  home,  where  it  is 
freely  offered  at  15  cents  to  25  cents  per  pound.  It 
is  the  butter  and  egg  farmer's  aim  to  work  up  a 
direct  patronage  in  the  village.  Why  not  extend  this 
plan  with  a  specialty  that  can  safely  be  transported 
long  distances,  and  enable  a  few  of  the  many  epi- 
curists  to  enjoy  what  they  want?  In  preference  to 
waiting  for  the  development  of  the  parcels  post 
embryo,  they  will  gladly  pay  the  freight. 

Texas.  victor  labadie. 

R.  N.-Y. — We  have  found  freight  shipments  for 
small  articles  quite  unsatisfactory,  while  express  rates 
are  too  high.  With  parcels  post  Mr.  Labadie’s  plan 
would  work  out  right. 

NURSERY  AGENTS  AND  TREES. 

I  have  been  interested  in  what  has  been  printed 
in  The  R.  N.-Y.  in  regard  to  buying  from  agents. 
There  are  two  classes  of  tree  canvassers,  the  unre¬ 
liable  fellows  who  go  through  the  country  taking 


CROOKED  PEACH  WITH  PEAR  ROOT.  Fig.  410. 

See  First  Page. 

orders  for  trees  and  then  buying  the  cullings  of  the 
nurseries  to  fill  their  orders  with,  and  the  men  who 
actually  represent  reliable  nurseries.  This  latter  class 
has  done  a  great  deal  in  promoting  the  planting  of 
fruit  trees,  and  the  only  difficulty  is  that  they  must 
have  larger  prices  than  the  nursery  will  sell  direct  for, 
since  their  travelling  expenses  and  delivery  costs  must 
be  met.  One  who  is  familiar  with  the  nursery  trade 
and  knows  just  where  the  best  trees  of  certain  kinds 
are  grown — for  there  is  a  great  difference  in  the 
product  of  different  nurseries'  in  certain  kinds  of 


trees,  as  the  adaptation  of  soil  and  climate  for  the 
different  trees  varies — will  always  know  just  where 
to  get  what  he  wants  and  will  be  posted  on  prices. 
But  the  farmers  all  over  the  country  are  completely 
unfamiliar  with  the  growing  of  nursery  stock  and 
know  nothing  about  the  methods  of  the  various  nur¬ 
series  or  their  prices,  and  hence  the  traveling  agent 
gets  big  prices  from  them. 

Some  years  ago  a  man  with  whom  I  was  well 
acquainted  was  selling  fruit  trees,  and  like  many  of 
the  men  engaged  in  the  business,  knew  nothing  prac¬ 
tically  about  the  trees  or  the  varieties  he  was  selling 
and  simply  believed  what  he  was  told  to  say  about 
them.  He  was  perfectly  honest  and  anxious  to  sell, 
and  came  to  me  one  Fall,  knowing  that  I  was  about 
to  buy  some  fruit  trees,  and  begged  me  to  give  him 
the  order.  I  told  him  that  I  knew  just  where  to  get 
the  few  trees  I  wanted  and  that  I  could  get  them  for 
a  good  deal  less  money  that  he  could  afford  to  supply 
them.  He  asked  me  to  give  him  a  list  of  what  I 
wanted  and  he  would  price  it  for  me.  I  told  him  I 
I  would  give  him  the  list  and  would  send  also  to  the 
nursery  where  I  intended  to  buy  and  have  them  price 
me  a  duplicate  list,  and  when  that  list  came  I  would 
be  ready  to  see  his  prices.  When  my  list  was  re¬ 
turned  from  the  nursery  the  little  order  was  priced  at 
$18.  My  agent  friend  came  in  and  I  asked  him  for  his 
list.  He  gave  it  to  me,  saying  that  he  had  put  the 
plants  as  low  as  he  possibly  could,  and  lower  than  he 
was  charging  all  around  me.  His  prices  summed  up 


FINE  CRAWFORD  AND  ELBERTA  PEACHES.  FlO.  411. 

See  First  Pago. 

$40,  and  I  never  saw  a  man  so  astonished  as  he  was 
when  I  showed  him  the  duplicate  list  from  a  first-class 
nursery  for  $18.  There  is  just  the  point  with  all 
traveling  salesmen  for  any  of  the  nurseries.  They 
may  sell  good  trees,  but  their  prices  are  entirely  too 
high.  w.  F.  MASSEY. 

Maryland. 

The  Vermont  Experiment  Station  is  doing  great 
work  with  fertilizer  analyses.  It  is  doubtful  if  any 
station  in  the  country  gives  the  people  plainer  or 
more  useful  facts  about  commercial  plant  food.  All 
the  brands  sold  in  Vermont  are  analyzed  and  the  ni¬ 
trogen  is  divided  into  five  different  forms  from  ni¬ 
trates  to  “insoluble  organic.”  Thus  a  farmer  with 
the  Vermont  bulletin  can,  if  he  wishes,  learn  just 
about  what  the  fertilizer  is  made  of  and  what  he  may 
expect  from  it.  The  average  analysis,  simply  stating 
the  amount  of  “nitrogen,”  is  not  much  help,  because 
all  sorts  of  unavailable  stuff  may  have  been  used  in 
the  fertilizer.  The  Vermont  Station  also  figures  what 
plant  food  costs  in  various  mixtures.  The  average 
retail  price  of  nitrogen  in  chemicals  was  20  cents  a 
pound.  In  “high  grade”  mixtures  this  cost  averaged 
28.3  cents,  while  in  “low  grade”  it  was  38.6  cents. 
Figured  in  another  way  it  cost  93  cents  to  put  a 
dollar’s  worth  of  plant  food  in  a  farmer’s  hands 
when  he  bought  “low-grade”  goods,  or  42  cents  in 
“high-grade.”  That  is  a  striking  way  of  showing 
the  folly  of  buying  low-grade  goods.  The  fertilizer 
business  has  now  come  to  be  an  immense  affair. 
The  various  States  recognize  this  by  trying  to  safe¬ 
guard  the  trade  and  expose  humbugs.  The  State  can¬ 
not  do  it  all,  for  the  farmer  must  use  common  sense 
in  connection  with  the  facts  which  the  stations  offer. 


1012-4 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


October  21, 


CONSUMERS’  DOLLAR. 

Business  at  Erie,  Pa. 

There  has  been  organized  at  this  place  a 
“Producer  to  Consumer  Alliance.”  It  will 
be  one  grand  scrap  with  the  commission 
men,  grocers’  association,  and  I  suppose, 
the  railroads,  on  one  side,  and  the  people 
on  the  other.  One  or  more  of  the  candi¬ 
dates  for  mayor  will  be  made  to  go  on 
record  for  th'e  municipal  market  or  we 
will  know  the  reason  why.  Out  in  the 
country  where  I  live,  but  12  miles  west 
of  the  city,  potatoes  can  be  bought  in 
quantity  at  60  and  65  cents  per  bushel.  In 
Erie  they  are  $1  on  the  main  street  and 
$1.10  to  $1.20  in  outlying  groceries.  The 
freight  on  one  car  of  potatoes.  880  bushels, 
into  Erie,  is  $24  per  car  (that’s  another 
story),  or  three  cents  per  bushel.  Onions, 
apples,  etc.,  are  about  in  same  condition. 
There  was  a  very  targe  crop  of  peaches  in 
the  country,  and  I  judge  that  30  per  cent 
of  the  crop  was  allowd  to  rot  because  the 
farmer  thought  there  was  “no  market,”  or 
“market  glutted.”  etc.  However.  Erie  peo¬ 
ple  had  to  pay  from  $1  to  $1.50  for  peaches 
right  up  to  the  end  of  the  season.  Now 
there  is  a  big  crop  of  fine  late  potatoes, 
and  we  are  lining  up  about  as  follows : 
We  will  pay  the  grower  a  higher  price 
than  he  is  getting,  or  will  get  from  the 
commission  buyers ;  the  potatoes  will  come 
in  here  by  carload,  and  be  distributed  to 
the  homes  of  the  members  of  the  unions 
by  a  local  draying  company ;  the  members 
of  the  unions  having  ordered,  and  paid  for, 
so  many  bushels,  at  a  price  considerably 
under  the  prevailing  retail  price.  Onions 
will  go  in  fhe  same  way.  We  are  going 
to  try  to  get  some  action  before  November 
7,  election  day.  b.  t. 

Boosting  the  Consumer’s  Dollar. 

The  following  item  appeared  in  the  San 
Francisco  Chronicle:- 

“OAKLAND,  September  30.— On  next 
Wednesday,  October  4th,  a  trainload  of 
“boosters”  from  Watsonville  will  come  to 
this  city  in  the  interest  of  the  Watsonville 
Apple  show,  which  will  be  held  from  Oc¬ 
tober  9th  to  the  14th.  The  aggregation 
will  be  headed  by  a  brass  band  and  will 
parade  the  streets  of  this  city.” 

That  is  one  way  the  Watsonville  people 
have  of  “talking  apple.”  They  come  in 
force,  leading  citizens,  pretty  girls  and  the 
entire  outfit.  They  give  away  apples,  dis¬ 
tribute  cards  and  let  people  know  that 
Watsonville  is  on  the  earth  with  plentj 
of  apple  sauce.  They  call  this  legitimate 
business  in  California.  We  must  come  to 
it  at  this  end  of  the  country. 

Letter  to  a  Commission  Man. 

The  following  letter  was  sent  to  a  com¬ 
mission  man  in  Newark.  N.  ,T.,  on  forward¬ 
ing  a  shipment  of  apples: 

“Dear  Sir:  I  am  sending  you  28  bas¬ 
kets  of  apples  by  the  C.  R.  R.,  and  I  forbid 
the  sale  of  them  for  less  than  50  cents  per 
basket.  If  the  market  is  in  such  state 
that  you  cannot  obtain  that  much,  please 
notify  me  within  10  days  of  that  fact  and 
I  will  make  arrangements  to  have  them  off 
your  hands.  I  will  dump  them  in  the  river 
before  I  will  satisfy  the  jobber  and  specu¬ 
lators  enough  to  sell  for  less.  Tf  they  do 
not  choose  to  divide  some  of  the  money 
with  me  I  won’t  help  them  get  any.  There 
are  thousands  of  barrels  of  apples  rotting 
on  the  ground  for  the  reason  that  the  rais¬ 
ers  get  too  little  of  the  consumer’s  dollar. 
You  can  see  for  yourself  where  the  profits 
go.  The  baskets  cost  10  cents  each ; 
freight  one  cent:  freight  on  apples.  13  cents 
per  basket;  cartage,  five  cents:  commission, 
five  cents;  total,  34  cents  per  basket.  Of 
course  I  understand  that  you  do  not  govern 
the  market,  but  I  also  know  that  under  the 
present  system  of  distribution  of  produce, 
you  commission  merchants  stand  between 
the  farmers  and  jobbers,  and  if  you  lean 
toward  the  latter  you  help  injure  society 
bv  assisting  in  the  raising  of  prices  of 
food.  Toy  taking  the  profit  from  the  farmer. 
The  moment  he  reaches  a  certain  point  he 
must  stop  sending  produce  to  market.  Re¬ 
spectfully  yours,  w.  J.  dodgan 

New  Jersey. 


The  Complicated  Apple  Situation. 

The  apple  situation  has  been  changing 
rapidly  the  last  few  days.  Buyers  are  re¬ 
turning  to  this  territory  and  their  purpose 
seems  to  be  to  control  the  Winter  market. 
Most  of  the  fruit,  both  in  and  out  of  stor¬ 
age,  is  now  in  their  hands.  There  are  a 
few  exceptions.  For  instance,  the  man  with 
very  few  apples,  less  than  a  carload,  so 
that  he  is  unable  to  ship  alone,  and  who 
has  no  storage,  is  offered  not  more  than  50 
cents  a  bushel,  and  that  by  local  buyers. 
TTe  Is  not  regarded  as  a  competitor  and  his 
only  alternative  Is  to  shake  his  fruit  off 
the  trees  and  dry  it.  This  will  shorten  the 
crop.  Also  there  are  three  large  blocks  of 
anples  in  the  storage  which  have  not  been 
sold.  These  growers  have  refused  to  give 
an  option  on  No.  1  fruit  at  $3  a  barrel, 
with  storage  assumed  by  the  buyer.  Such 
an  offer  was  made  me  for  entire  crop  by  a 
New  York  man  last  week.  For  smaller  lots 
they  have  been  offering  $2.50  with  storage 
assumed  and  have  secured  a  lot  of  it.  The 
situation,  from  what  I  hear,  seems  to  be 
the  same  throughout  Western  New  York : 
An  effort  on  the  part  of  speculators  to  gain 
control.  They  practically  disregard  the 
small  grower  without  storage.  They  offer 
up  to  $2.50  with  storage  assumed  to  the 
man  with  enough  apples  to  ship  in  car  lots ; 
while  the  growers  with  large  crops,  say 
over  3.000  barrels,  can  get  still  higher 
prices.  It  is  very  difficult  for  growers  to 
secure  barrels.  The  small  local  cooper 
shops  are  driven  beyond  their  capacity,  and 
the  larger  shops  are  apparently  supplying 
the  buyers.  It  is  practically  impossible 
for  the  growers  to  get  enough  barrels  until 
they  sell ;  then  the  speculators  furnish  all 
they  need  and  seem  to  have  plenty  of  them. 
I  ordered  5.000  barrels  before  picking  be¬ 
gan  and  have  to  hustle  to  get  enough  of 
them  to  keep  up  with  the  packing.  One 
buyers  secured  10.000  barrels  from  a  coop¬ 
erage.  From  this  same  firm  I  ordered 
i.OOO  and  for  three  weeks  have  been  able 
to  get  hold  of  only  150.  with  no  promise  of 
more.  Yet  they  are  making  900  a  day. 

Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y.  apple  grower. 


Auction  Sales. 

I  attended  an  auction  in  this  town  Sep¬ 
tember  30.  where  a  man  was  leaving  his 
200-acre  farm  to  live  in  town.  Bidding  was 
slow  and  prices  lower  than  like  commodities 
and  live  stock  would  be  in  the  Spring. 
Only  $400.  highest  bid  on  a  handsome  five 
and  six-year-old  pair  of  black  horses,  me¬ 
dium  size,  line  workers  and  drivers,  worth 
$500 ;  nice  young  cows,  only  $30  to  $35. 
They  began  to  sell  the  40  or  so  tons  of 
hay,  but  bidding  was  so  low  that  they  only 
sold  one  lot  at  about  $16  a  ton,  I  think. 
About  700  or  800  shocks  of  corn  were  in 
the  field,  but  being  frosted  badly  before 
cutting  with  the  September  14  freeze,  while 
it  was  yet  soft,  it  only  sold  for  about  15 
cents  a  shock,  and  several  tons  of  pumpkins 
for  $6,  I  think.  No  hens  or  hogs  to  speak 
of  sold,  but  they  would  go  a  little  better. 
Scarcely  any  sheep  raised  about  here,  Two- 
horse  mower,  run  one  season,  $35 ;  culti¬ 
vator  (horse  hoe),  one  season,  $6  horse 
rake,  run  one  season,  $18,  and  other  almost 
new  farm  machinery  went  fairly  well  for 
the  season.  There  was  quite  a  quantity  of 
apples  on  the  place,  but  they  were  not  sold. 

Millington,  Mass.  m.  w.  F. 


Maine  farmers  supplying  the  corn  can¬ 
ning  factories  have  serious  complaints 
against  some  of  the  factory  people  this 
year.  In  some  cases  part  of  a  crop  has 
been  rejected  because  the  factory  had 
canned  all  it  wanted,  and  in  others  large 
crops  were  frozen  in  the  field  before  lit 
to  can,  because  the  seed,  furnished  by 
the  packers  was  of  too  late  varieties.  The 
trouble  seems  to  be  a  form  of  jug-handled 
contract  that  holds  the  farmer  to  his  acre¬ 
age  but  lets  the  canner  do  as  he  pleases. 

I  am  fruit  raiser  with  50  acres  of  apples, 
peaches,  pears,  quinces  and  grapes.  I 
have  a  nice  crop  of  Baldwins;  don’t  know 
what  I  shall  do  with  them.  I  am  18  miles 
from  Cleveland ;  the  cold  storage  of  that 
city  is  full.  I  shall  commence  to  pick 
right  away  and  trust  for  a  market. 

Brunswick,  Ohio.  G.  B.  s. 

A  considerable  amount  "of  snow  fell  in 
northern  Massachusetts  and  in  southern 
Vermont  October  7.  Five  inches  of  snow 
on  a  level  covers  Bennington  Vt.  The 
apple  crop  has  been  badly  damaged  by  the 
snowstorm.  In  many  places  the  snow  was 
so  heavy  that  trees  have  been  broken  down. 


“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers ;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 


Double  Glass  Sa.sk 


Two  layers  of  elass  instead  of  one 

You  never  cover  Sunlight 
Double  Glass  Sash 

The  two  layers  of  glass  take 
the  place  of  mats  and  boards 

Between  the  two  layers  is  a  Ys  inch  layer  of  dry  air, 
the  very  best  non-conductor.  Glass  held  in  place  without 
putty— can’t  slip  out — easily  replaced. 

Crops  on  the  market  weeks  ahead 

Under  Sunlight  Double  Glass  Sash  your  plants  grow 
fast  and  strong  for  they  get  all  the  light  ail  the  time. 
They  enable  you  to  sell  your  crops  while  the  prices  are 
still  high. 

Send  for  these  books 

One  is  our  free  catalog;  the  other  is  a  book  on  hot-beds 
and  cold-frames  by  Professor  Massey.  It  is  authoritative 


Hyacinths,  Darwin  and  other 
Tulips,  Narcissus  and  Crocus, 
Easter  Lilies  and  hardy  Japan 
and  Native  Lilies.  English, 
Spanish  and  Japan  Iris.  Freesias, 
Calochortus  and  Trilliums,  and  all 
other  Native  and  Foreign  Bulbs 
and  Roots  in  endless  variety. 

The  Largest  Assortment  in  America 


CATALOGUE  NOW  READY 
Mailed  free  for  the  asking 

J.  M.  TH0RBURN  &  CO. 

33  Barclay  Street  Dept.  Y  New  York 


What 

Heat 

for  your 
House? 

A  Rimer  for  the  man 
wfco  b  about  to  build 
anew  bouse  or  make  in 
old  houia  comfortable 


This  Heat 
Primer  is 
free.  Send 
for  it  today 

It  tells,  in  non¬ 
technical  lan¬ 
guage,  just  what 
you ought toknow 
about  the  various 
methods  of  heat- 
inghouses.  It  tells  | 
how  hot  water  ’ 
heats  and  how 
steam  heats  and 
the  difference 
between  the  two. 
It  points  out  the 
shortcomings  o  f 
hot  air  — in  fact, 
covers  the  whole 
subject. 


There  is  another 
winter  coming.  Does  it 
mean  stove  drudgery,  excessive 
coal  bills  and  only  a  partly 
heated  house  for  you? 

Don’t  blame  the  weather;  don’t  blame  the  house; 
don’t  blame  those  stoves  of  yours— they  are  doing 
the  best  they  can.  Instead,  put  in  a  modern, 
sanitary,  adequate,  economical  Pierce  Heating 
Equipment — a  steam  or  hot  water  system  that  is 
a  success  in  over  200,000  homes.  Pierce  Boilers 
are  built  to  meet  every  heating  requirement.  They 
are  particularly  adapted  to  a  cellar  of  a  farm  house, 
because,  while  heating  thoroughly  every  room  in 
the  house,  they  do  not  heat  the  cellar,  so  that 
vegetables  stored  there  are  not  effected. 


Pierce 

Boilers  and  Radiators 


There  is  a  Pierce  Boiler 
exactly  suited  to  your 
needs.  The  one  shown 
here  is  the  “  Modern  ” — 
one  of  200  styles. 


Pierce,  Butler  &  Pierce 
Mfg.  Co. 

261  James  Street, 
Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

Showrooms  in  principal  cities 


“How  to  Grow 

and  Market  Fruit” 

Look  up  the  literature  of  this  subject. 
You  will  find  half  a  dozen  books,  each 
covering  a  special  feature.  We  have  the 
only  book  which  tells_the  whole  story  in 


FRUIT  TREES 

We  are  ready  to  take  orders  for 
FALL  DELIVERY  for 

BLACK’S  QUALITY  TREES 

Send  for  Booklet 

JOS.  H.  BLACK,  SON  &  CO.,  H1GHTSTOWN,  N.  J. 


one  volume. 

We  have  grown  fruits  and  trees  for 
thirty  years.  We  boiled  down  a  life’s 
experience  into  these  pages.  Then  a 
dozen  or  more  practical  men  went  over 
the  work  and  pruned  and  grafted  until  the 
book  is  right.  It  tells  you  just  what  you 
want  to  know  from  the  time  you  spade  or 
plow  the  land  until  you  pocket  the  money 
for  the  crops.  It  tells  you  how  and  it  tells 
you  why  in  language  that  you  can  under¬ 


PLANT 

FRUIT 

TREES 

THIS 

FALL 


You  can  save  a  season  by  planting  this 
Fall.  I  have  a  choice  stock  of  Apple, 
Pear,  Peach  and  Plum  trees — all  vari¬ 
eties.  Also  California  Privet.  Prompt 
shipments.  Lowest  prices.  Have  some 
special  offerings  in  Jersey  Red  Pigs. 
Quick  growers.  Prolific  and  profitable. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Send  today 
for  free  catalog. 

ARTHUR  J.  COLLINS 
Box  R  Moorestown,  N.  J. 


Peach  and  Apple  Trees 

For  fall  or  spring  planting.  Prices  right;  stock 
light.  J1VER  &  SON,  Rridgeville,  Delaware 


stand. 

Our  Nursery^  covers  more  than  two 


TREES ! 


By  the  Millions.  A  complete  line 
at  wholesale  prices.  Large  supply 
of  peach  trees  and  Privet  Hedging. 


thousand  acres — the  largest  in  America — 
and  ideally  located  for  growing  healthy, 
vigorous  stock.  We  have  anything  or 
everything  you  may  call  for — one  tree  or 
plant  or  a  million.  Order  now;  avoid  the 
Spring  rush  and  feel  sure  of  getting  the 
best  that  can  be  grown  at  a  fraction  of  tree 
agents’  prices. 

The  price  of  this  book  is  but  fifty  cents,  or  free 
with  your  order  for  nursery  stock  amounting  to  five 
dollars  or  more.  Send  for  the  book  now  and  the 
fifty  cents  will  be  applied  to  your  order  for  stock 
when  you  are  ready  to  order- 

Catalog’  for  the  asking'. 


The  Westminster  Nursery,  Westminster,  Maryland 

< 


GINSENG  SEEDS  ffif  “S;  SS 

$15.00,  2,000.  F.  E.  PIERSON,  Groton,  N.  Y 


crop. 

1,000; 


APPLE  BARRELS^*  lotsor 

or  Hoops.  ROBT.  GILLIES,  Medina,  N.  Y. 


FARMS  WANTED  FJWa, 

We  have  a  number  of  earnest  people  with  moder¬ 
ate  means  wishing  to  buy  good,  productive  farms 
costing  between  $2,000  and  $4,000.  with  or  without 
stock,  within  a  radius  of  200  miles  of  New  York 
City.  Ours  is  a  philanthropic  organization,  and  we 
make  no  charge  to  buyer  or  seller.  Rock  bottom 
prices  must  therefore  l>e  quoted.  Send  for  blank. 
THE  JEWISH  AGRICULTURAL  AND  INDUS¬ 
TRIAL  AID  SOCIETY,  177  Second  Ave.,  New  York. 


Ten  Valuable  Farms  lor  Sale-Write  for  particulars. 

Harrison’s  Nurseries,  Berlin,  Md. 

NOTICE  to  PLANTERS 

I  have  a  surplus  of  extra  line  1-yr.  stock  of  the  leading  varieties  o 
Apple  Trees  propagated  from  my  bearing  orchards.  It  will  pay  you 
to  get  in  touch  with  me  on  this  stock.  It.  F.  Kean,  Stanley,  N.  Y. 


GOOD  SALARY  NOW.  Prospects  Splendid. 

For  capable,  industrious  man  to  superintend 
labor,  large  American  Plantation  growing  Citrus 
Fruits  and  Pineapples,  in  San  Juan.  Puerto  Rico. 
Apply  BUHL-MILLS  CO.,  132  Front  St.,  New  York. 


IRfl  ParmCF0R  SAliE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
IJU  I  d I  III 0  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horace  G.  Reeder.  Newtown,  Pa. 


Plant  the  Best  Trees  and  Save  Hall  ol  Your  Money 

If  you  buy  of  tree  agents,  more  than  half  of  your  money  goes  to  the  agent 
for  his  wages  and  expenses.  This  you  save  by  buying  direct  from  us,  the 
growers,  at  wholesale  prices.  Onr  trees  are  grown  from  bearing  orchards,  guar¬ 
anteed  true  to  name,  the  best  trees  that  money  can  buy,  fresh  dug,  no  scale  and 
personal  attention  given  each  order. 

Everybody  send  for  free  illustrated  catalogue.  Established  26  years. 
Capital  $60,000.00. 

MALONEY  BR05.  &  WELLS  CO.,  Box  19,  Dansville,  N.  Y. 


-Reasons  for  Using  Rex  Lime  and  Sulphur  Solution  this  Fall—' 

San  Jose  Scale  is  young  and  easier  controlled  by  this  spraying. 

Every  orchard  protects  spore  life  during  winter  season  and  a  thorough  wash 
with  Rex  after  leaves  fall  prevents  many  troubles  that  trees  are  heir  to. 

All  orchard  and  farm  work  comes  in  a  bunch  at  Spring  spraying  season. 
Both  trees  and  ground  are  in  best  condition  for  Fall  spraying. 

The  original  and  only  best  Lime  and  Sulphur  Solution — clear  and  free  from 
sediment. 

Send  for  Rex  Bulletin  and  Arsenate  of  Lead  booklet. 


THE  REX  COMPANY  p  °7,!ox  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


Planting  Pine. 

H.  R.  L.,  West  Medford,  Mass.— Can 
you  give  me  any  advice  about  seeding  a 
lot  to  pine,  which  was  cut  last  Winter? 
Part  of  this  lot  had  pine  and  part  chest¬ 
nut.  The  land  is  in  New  Hampshire.  Does 
the  State  do  anything  in  this  line? 

Ans. — Throughout  the  country  are 
tracts  of  land  which  have  been  cut  off 
or  burnt  over,  and  which  should  be  set 
out  with  some  forest  tree  both  from  a 
financial  and  esthetic  standpoint.  It  is 
generally  recommended  to  restock  such 
land  with  two  or  three-year  seedlings 
or  transplants,  rather  than  to  plant  the 
seed,  a  large  portion  of  which  would  be 
liable  to  be  destroyed  by  birds,  rodents 
and  climatic  conditions,  unless  planted 
and  protected  the  first  two  years  in  a 
nursery.  In  most  sections  of  New  Eng¬ 
land  it  is  recommended  to  plant  White 
pine,  Norway  spruce,  White  ash  or 
some  other  natural  forest  tree.  In  or¬ 
der  to  secure  a  dense  stand  of  White 
pine  where  the  lower  branches  will  die 
and  fall  off  for  lack  of  light,  leaving  a 
straight  bole  which  will  make  clear  tim¬ 
ber,  the  trees  should  be  planted  6x6  feet 
apart  each  way,  or  about  1210  to  the 
acre.  In  planting  the  trees,  it  is  most 
convenient  for  two  man  to  work  to¬ 
gether,  one  man  making  the  hole  with  a 
grub  hoe  and  the  second  man  carrying 
trees  and  setting  them.  In  order  to 
prevent  the  roots  of  the  young  trees 
becoming  dry,  they  should  be  carried  in 
a  pail  with  the  roots  in  a  puddle  of  mud 
and  water.  Two  men  working  in  the 
above  manner  should  set  about  an  acre 
a  day.  The  young  seedlings  range  in 
price  from  $3  to  $5  per  thousand.  In 
Massachusetts  there  is  a  law  which  en¬ 
ables  parties  owning  waste  land  in  the 
State  to  have  it  restocked.  Information 
in  regard  to  this  law  may  be  obtained 
by  writing  the  State  Forester,  Boston, 
Mass.  Advice  can  also  be  obtained 
from  the  Forestry  Commissions  of  other 
States  in  regard  to  forestry  matters. 

f.  w.  RANE. 

State  Forester,  Massachusetts. 


Failing  Trees  in  Florida. 

O.  IF.  B.,  Raskin,  Fla. — Could  any  of 
your  readers  tell  me  what  is  the  matter 
with  the  young  peach  and  plum  trees  In 
this  vicinity?  They  started  nicely  and 
made  fair  growth,  but  lately  nearly  all  of 
them  are  .turning  sickly  and  yellow.  In 
some  cases  the  ends  of  the  twigs  are  dy¬ 
ing  and  the  leaves  are  turning  black.  All 
the  peaches  are  on  plum  stocks.  Some 
have  been  fertilized  heavily,  and  they  ap¬ 
pear  just  as  bad  as  others  that  have  had 
none.  What  can  be  done  to  help  them? 

Ans. — It  would  be  impossible  for  me 
to  come  to  a  safe  decision  as  to  the  real 
cause  or  causes  of  the  trouble  with  the 
peach  and  plum  trees  described.  It 
would  seem  from  their  failing  condition, 
if  this  is  general  in  the  variety,  that 
there  has  been  some  climatic  trouble, 
such  as  a  drought,  or  there  may  have 
been  a  scourge  of  insects  of  some  kind. 
The  proper  thing  to  do  in  all  such  cases 
is  to  send  specimens  of  the  affected 
parts  to  the  State  Experiment  Station. 
In  Florida  it  is  located  at  Gainsville. 
There  are  experts  at  all  these  stations 
who  are  usually  able  to  tell  the  cause  of 
the  troubles  and  in  some  cases  they  will 
visit  the  farms  and  see  the  entire  situa¬ 
tion,  which  is  far  more  satisfactory  in 
every  way  to  both  parties,  especially  in 
the  matter  of  suggested  remedies. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


New  Hybrid  Plums. 

J.  V.  C.,  Sparkville,  N.  Y. — Is  there  a 
probability  of  Prof.  Hansen’s  new  hybrid 
plums  from  the  Dakota  Experiment  Station 
proving  of  value  to  the  Eastern  fruit 
grower?  He  has  several  crosses  on  the 
Sand  cherry  and  Japan  plums. 

Ans. — The  cross-bred  plums  of  Prof. 
Hansen  are  mostly  of  the  hardy  native 
types,  and  were  originated  to  withstand 
the  conditions  that  obtain  in  the  colder 
parts  of  this  country,  but  they  will  be 
found  of  value  for  the  Eastern  States 
as  well.  The  fruit  is  usually  very  bright 
red  or  purplish  in  color  and  is  attrac¬ 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 

tive  on  the  market.  To  eat  from  the 
hand  it  is  very  pleasant,  but  is  very 
sour  when  cooked.  A  moderate  quan¬ 
tity  will  find  sale  at  fair  prices. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


102  S 


Shingle  Stains. 

Would  you  give  a  formula  for  an  inex¬ 
pensive,  dark  brown  shingle  stain?  Creo¬ 
sote  stains  are  quoted  to  me  at  85  cents 
per  gallon,  and  they  certainly  can  be  home¬ 
made  for  much  less  money.  Could  crude 
oil  be  used  instead  of  linseed  oil?  I  would 
want  the  stain  to  spread  or  run  well,  so 
the  work  will  not  appear  streaked  should 
the  shingles  shrink  after  the  stain  has  been 
applied.  The  shingles  are  in  position,  and 
stain  must  be  applied  with  a  brush.  Please 
state  the  amount  required  per  square,  two 
coats.  A.  L.  G. 

Lithopolis,  Ohio. 

To  one  pound  of  dry  burnt  umber  add 
one  gallon  of  crude  petroleum  or  kerosene 
oil.  Stir  well  and  strain  through  fine  mos¬ 
quito  netting.  One  gallon  will  cover  about 
200  square  feet  (brush  coat),  or  500  shin¬ 
gles  dipped. 


Rye  As  Cover  Crop  Before  Potatoes. 

I  have  an  acre  of  land  which  was  planted 
to  beans  this  year.  I  have  thought  to  sow 
rye  for  a  cover  crop,  but  as  the  piece  is  to 
be  planted  to  potatoes  next  season  the  rye 
would  need  to  be  plowed  under  by  May  1. 
Do  you  think  I  would  have  trouble  from 
the  turning  under  of  this  green  crop  of 
rye?  Cover  cx-ops  are  seldom  used  around 
here,  but  I  know  you  have  found  them 
profitable.  e.  m.  s. 

No.  Hampton,  N.  II. 

No — not  if  properly  handled.  We  have 
done  this  very  thing  for  several  years  suc¬ 
cessfully.  Do  not  let  the  rye  grow  too  large 
and  tough  before  plowing  it  under.  Plow 
when  it  is  not  over  18  inches  high  and 
pack  the  soil  after  plowing.  Then  make  the 
surface  fine  and  plant  the  potatoes  down 
into  the  rye. 


Swamp  Muck  and  Leaf  Mould. 

Can  swamp  muck  be  used  instead  of  leaf 
mould  for  plants  that  require  this  kind  of 
soil?  H.  M. 

Conecticut. 

The  crude  swamp  muck  will  be  the  same 
for  most  plants.  If  you  could  mix  it  with 
lime  and  ferment  it  before  using  it  would 
be  much  better. 


Trade  Mark  j 

Not 
In  a 
Trust j 


The 

Century 

BOOT 

r(Beacon  Falls  Brand) 

rIf  you  had  rubber 
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k  strong.  To  prevent 
^cracking  at  ankle 
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I  forcement  is 
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IT  IS  THE  CHEAPEST 

because  best— best  in  material,  best  in  workmanship, 
and  best  for  wear.  Those  facts  are  also  true  of  the  en¬ 
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ing  off  old  wood  shingles,  cheap  tile  and  tar 
preparations  and  putting  on  the  everlasting 

Edwards  Interlocking 
“Reo”  Steel  Shingles 

No  wear-out  to  them.  No  repair  bills.  Once 
on,  your  roofing  troubles  are  over.  You  can  put 
on  Edwards  Interlocking  “Reo”  Steel  Shingles 
bo  easilyl  Only  a  kamnior  and  nails  required. 

$10,000  Guaranty  Bond  Against  Lightning 

An  Edwards  Roof  gives  better  protection  to  a 
building  than  any  other  roof  made.  Wo  agree 
to  refund  every  cent  you  paid  us  if  lightning 
destroys  an  Edwards  Steel-Roofed  Building. 

We  have  a  Special  Cosh  Money-Making 
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H©me°maidl©  Gas®ILis[Ht  i 


TWENTY  years  ago  tlie  oil  lamp  had 
already  been  driven  out  of  the  city 
into  the  country  home  where  gas 
could  not  follow — so  we  thought. 

In  those  days  we  would  have  laughed 
at  the  idea  of  a  country  home  ligated 
with  gaslight. 

But  like  the  telephone  and  free  mail 
delivery  gaslight  has  finally  left  the  city 
to  become  a  common  rural  convenience. 

In  the  year  1911,  the  up-to-date  vil¬ 
lager  or  fanner  not  only  lives  in  a  gas- 
lighted  house,  same  as  his  city  cousin,  but 
when  he  drives  home  on  a  cold,  wet  night 
he  actually  lights 
up  his  barn,  his 
barnyard  or  porch¬ 
es  on  his  house 
with  this  gas-light 
by  simply  turning 
an  “ignition”  but¬ 
ton  on  a  post  or 
wall. 

*  *  * 

And  this  change 
seems  quite  like 
magic  when  you 
consider  that  this 
rural  gaslight  is 
home-made —  made 
by  the  family  it¬ 
self  right  on  the 
premises.  ' 

Take  fifteen  min¬ 
utes  once  a  month 


>00  LBS 


CRUSHED  STONE 


to  make  all  that  can  be  used  in  a  large 
house. 

The  magic  is  all  in  the  curious  manu¬ 
factured  stone  known  commercially  as 
“Union  Carbide.” 

This  wonderful  gas  producing  sub¬ 
stance,  “Union  Carbide,”  looks  and 
feels  just  like  crushed  granite.  For 
country  home  use  it  is  packed  and 
shipped  from  warehouses  located  all  over 
the  United  States  in  sheet  steel  cans  con¬ 
taining  100  pounds. 

Union  Carbide  won’t  burn,  can’t  ex¬ 
plode,  and  will  keep  in  the  original 
package  for  years  in  any  climate.  For 
this  reason  it  is  safer  to  handle  and 

store  about  the  premises  than  coal. 

*  *  * 

All  that  is  necessary  to  make  “Union 
Carbide”  give  up  its  gas  is  to  mix  it 
with  plain  water — the  gas,  which  is  then 
instantly  generated,  is 
genuine  Acetylene. 

When  piped  to 
handsome  brass  chan¬ 
deliers  and  fixtures 
Acetylene  burns  with 
an  intensely  brilliant, 
stiff  flame,  that  the 
wind  can’t  affect. 

This  flame  makes 
light  so  white  in  color  that  it  is  com¬ 
monly  called  “Artificial  Sunlight.” 

Experiments  conducted  by  Cornell 


University  have  proven  that  it  will  grow 
plants  the  same  as  sunlight  itself. 

Physicians  recommend  Acetylene  as  a 
germicide  and  a  remedy  for  eyestrain, 
and  it  is  used  as  an  illuminant  in  fifty- 
four  hospitals  in  New  York  City  alone. 

Then,  too,  Acetylene  is  so  pure  that 
you  might  blow  out  the  light  and  sleep 
all  night  in  a  room  with  the  burner  open 
without  any  injurious  effects  whatever. 

On  account  of  its  being  burned  in  per¬ 
manent  brass  fixtures  attached  to  walls 
and  ceilings,  Acetylene  is  much  safer 
than  smoky,  smelly  oil  lamps,  which  can 
easily  be  tipped  over. 

For  this  reason  the  Engineers  of  the 
National  Board  of  Insurance  Under¬ 
writers  called  Acetylene  safer  than  any 
illuminant  it  commonly  displaces. 

In  addition  to  all  these  advantages, 
Acetylene  light  is  inexpensive. 

An  Acetylene  light  of  24-candle  power 
costs  only  about  4  cents  for  ten  homes’ 
lighting,  while  for  the  same  number  of 
hours  regular  oil  lamps  of  equal  volume 
cost  about  6  cents  in  kerosene,  chimneys 
and  wicks  on  the  average. 

*  *  * 

Consider  this  carefully  and  you  will 
hardly  -wonder  at  the  fact  that  there  are 
today  no  less  than  185,000  town  and 
country  homes  lighted  with  home-made 
Acetylene,  made  from  “Union  Carbide.” 

Once  a  month  some  member  of  the 
family  must  dump  a  few  pounds  of 
Union  Carbide  in  a  small  tank-like  ma¬ 
chine,  which  usually  sets  in  one  corner  of 
the  basement. 

This  little  tank-like  machine  is  auto¬ 
matic — it  does  all  the  work — it  makes  no 
gas  until  the  burners  are  lighted  and 
stops  making  gas  when  the  burners  are 
shut  off. 

The  lights  located  in  every  room  in 
your  house,  on  your  porches,  in  your  horse 
and  cow  barns,  or  barnyards  and  chicken 
yards  if  you  like,  will  all  be  ready  to  turn 
on  with  a  twist  of  the  wrist  or  a  touch 
of  the  button  at  any  time  of  the  day  or 
night. 

No  city  home  can  be  as  brilliantly  or 
as  beautifully  illuminated  as  any  one  of 
these  185,000  homes  now  using  Acetylene. 
*  *  * 

If  you  want  to  be  up-to-date,  enjoy 
modern  conveniences, 
and  keep  the  young 
folks  at  home,  write 
us  how  many  rooms 
and  buildings  you 
have.  We  will  send 
you  free  an  intensely 
i'vvO  i  n  t  e  r  e  s  t  ing  lot  of 
facts,  figures  and 
booklets. 

Just  addrqss  Union  Carbide  Sales 
Company,  126  Michigan  Blvd.,  Dept. 
A-38,  Chicago,  Ill. 


hr 


Elite  Burning  Oil 

In  Wood  and  Iron  Barrels 


A  perfect  burning  oil  made  from 
Dure  Pennsylvania  Crude.  :  : 

25  Years  on  the  Market 
Write  for  Particulars  and  Prices 

DERRICK  OIL  CO..  -  Titusville,  Penn. 


This  corn  sheller  is  only  $25  at  the 
factory  (a  little  added  for  freight)  and  it 
will  shell  120  bushels  an  hour.  Think 
of  buying  a  fine  guaranteed  machine  for  less  than 
half  the  price  of  others. 

Has  a  feed  grinding  attachment  for  about 
$11.50  more  that  does  a  regular  grinders  work— 
i  the  combination  costs  only  about  $36.00. 


5  Days 
Trial 


You  can  shell  when  you 
please,  when  your  corn  or  the 
market  is  right  for  it. 

Pays  for  itself  in  a  good  two 
days  run  satisfaction  guaranteed. 

Write  for  booklet. 

Seager  Engine  Works 
1028  Hazel  Street,  Lansing,  Mich. 


1  SHELL 

WHEN  THE 
MARKET 
IS  RIGHT 

NEXT<g{ 

3-  7°* 

SUMMER  | 

!• 

- 654 

—  604 

NEXT  : 

winter| 

V 

: — 554 

j — 504 

THIS  | 

FALL  : 

: — 454 

—404 

1020 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


October  21, 


Weed  Seeds  In  Fertilizer. 

U.  J.  V.,  Gettysburg,  Pa. — Several  farm¬ 
ers  In  this  neighborhood  think  they  get 
wild  mustard  seed  in  the  fertilizer  they  buy. 
Would  mustard  or  any  other  seed  germinate 
after  being  bagged  up  with  the  general 
grades  of  commercial  fertilizer  on  the  mar¬ 
ket?  Goods  are  always  10  to  20  days  from 
the  time  they  leave  factory  until  sown  on 
ground.  One  man  told  me  he  was  sure 
that  all  the  mustard  on  his  farm  came  from 
seed  mixed  in  potato  manure. 

Ans. — It  would,  of  course,  depend  on 
what  the  fertilizer  was  made  of.  A 
dry  mixture  of  acid  phosphate  and  mu¬ 
riate  of  potash  with  ordinary  forms  of 
nitrogen  would  not  seriously  hurt  the 
seeds  in  30  days.  If  this  mixture  were 
damp  there  would  be  greater  effect. 
The  chemists  at  the  agricultural  col¬ 
leges  tell  us  they  have  seen  no  evidence 
of  weed  seeds  in  fertilizers.  You  must 
remember  that  such  fertilizers  will 
sometimes  start  seeds  to  life  which 
otherwise  would  not  have  sprouted. 

Apple  Questions. 

J.  E.  H.,  Walkerville ,  W.  Va. — 1.  What 
sweet  apple  is  best  for  planting  for  feeding 
hogs?  Please  name  a  second  best  one.  Do 
you  think  it  advisable  to  grow  apples  for 
hogs  in  a  country  where  grain  is  high?  2. 
Would  it  be  safe  to  use  cane  stalks  from 
making  sorghum  molasses  for  mulching 
young  apple  trees?  3.  Compare  the  bloom¬ 
ing  season  of  the  following  apples :  York 
Imperial,  Delicious,  Stay  man,  Rome  Beauty, 
Grimes  Golden,  Regan,  Gano,  Yellow  Trans¬ 
parent  and  Mammoth  Black  Twig. 

Ans. — 1.  Growing  sweet  apples  for 
hogs  is  all  right  almost  anywhere  that 
they  may  be  grown  cheaply.  They  con¬ 
tain  considerable  nourishment,  and 
along  with  some  grain  make  a  good  ra¬ 
tion.  Several  varieties  should  be  grown 
instead  of  one  or  two,  so  that  there  will 
be  a  succession  ripening  continuously 
from  the  earliest  until  Winter  begins. 
Sweet  June  or  Hightop  Sweet  is  the 
first  to  ripen,  and  that  is  followed 
closely  by  Sweet  Bough.  A  little  later 
is  Golden  Sweet  and  then  Jersey  Sweet, 
Ramsdell,  Haskell,  Munson  and  for 
very  late  the  Tolman  and  Bentley.  The 
last  two  will  keep  until  late  Spring.  2. 
Bagasse  or  the  waste  or  fibre  from 
crushed  sugar  cane  is  a  good  mulch  for 
trees  or  bush  fruits.  I  have  used  it  in 
this  way  repeatedly  with  good  effect. 
The  main  objection  is  the  difficulty  of 
handling  it  with  a  fork.  3.  All  of  the 
varieties  mentioned  bloom  about  at  the 
same  time,  and  their  pollen  will  inter¬ 
mix  or  prove  effective  upon  the  stigmas 
of  each  other  to  a  very  considerable  ex¬ 
tent,  thus  making  the  fruit  more  abun¬ 
dant  and  of  better  development  than 
without  it.  The  iftterplanting  of  varie¬ 
ties  of  apples  and  pears  or  almost  any 
other  kind  of  fruit  is  a  good  plan  and 
should  be  followed  whenever  possible. 
There  may  be  several  rows  of  one  kind 
together,  at  least  four  or  five,  for  the 
wind  and  insects  will  carry  the  pollen 
across  a  considerable  space. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 

Budding:  on  Wild  Cherry. 

E.  G.,  New  Jersey. — Is  it  advisable  to 
bud  or  graft  sweet  cherries  on  wild  cherry 
stock  ? 

Ans. — No,  it  is  not.  This  has  been 
tried,  and  on  all  the  different  varieties 
of  the  wild  species  of  North  America, 
and  found  to  be  a  failure  after  a  few 
years’  growth,  although  at  the  start  it 
seemed  successful.  The  union  is  poor, 
and  this  finally  results  in  gradual  failure 
and  death  in  the  end.  I  have  tried  it 
myself  on  two  wild  species  as  stocks 
with  this  result,  and  have  seen  others 
do  the  same.  But  if  by  “wild  cherry 
stock”  is  meant  the  common  sweet 
cherry  trees  that  grow  up  along  fence 
rows  as  if  they  were  really  native  to  the 
soil,  as  is  the  case  in  many  places,  they 
will  prove  all  right  as  stocks  for  the 
improved  sweet  cherries.  They  are  all 
of  the  Mazzard  species  and  are  congen¬ 
ial.  Indeed,  this  is  the  best  and  only 
proper  stock  for  the  sweet  varieties. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


Piping  Water  to  Bam  and  House. 

I  am  formulating  plans  for  the  con¬ 
struction  of  a  water  supply  system  upon 
my  farm.  The  system  is  intended  to  supply 
water  to  a  large  barn,  housing  at  times 
from  30  to  50  cattle  and  perhaps  eight  or 
nine  horses,  and  also  to  one  and  possibly 
two  farm  dwelling  houses.  The  houses  are 
2,700  feet  from  the  source  of  supply,  and 
the  barn  is  situated  about  midway  between 
the  source  and  houses.  The  elevation  of 
the  source  and  supply  from  which  the  water 
is  to  be  brought  is,  for  the  barn,  probably 
60  feet  above  the  spot  where  the  pipe 
would  discharge ;  and  for  the  dwelling 
houses  probably  85  to  90  feet.  What  size 
of  pipe  would  you  suggest  that  I  use  and 
how  deeply  should  the  same  be  laid  to  be 
secure  from  frost,  bearing  in  mind  that 
the  ground  traversed  lies  ‘‘to  the  sun?” 
Would  a  one-inch  pipe  from  source  to  barn 
and  house  be  sufficient  for  such  ordinary 
needs?  If  in  your  judgment  a  one-inch 
pipe  is  too  small,  would  a  two-inch  pipe 
from  source  to  barn  and  a  one-inch  pipe 
tapping  same  at  or  near  the  barn  and  con¬ 
tinuing  to  the  house  be  sufficient?  With 
head  as  above  suggested,  what  pressure 
could  be  secured  at  the  place  of  discharge 
In  barn?  In  house?  Using  a  two-inch  pipe 
as  above  suggested,  could  sufficient  pressure 
In  the  barn  be  secured  to  operate  a  water 
motor  of  sufficient  size  to  furnish  power 
for  some  practical  use  upon  the  farm? 

New  Jersey.  8.  a. 

The  theoretical  flow  from  a  one-inch 
straight  iron  pipe,  fully  open  at  the  end, 
without  obstruction  in  the  form  of  faucets 
at  the  barn,  if  the  distance  is  1,350  feet 
and  the  source  is  60  feet  above  the  open¬ 
ing,  would  be  5.9  gallons  per  minute,  and 
the  discharge  at  the  house,  at  a  distance 
of  2,700  feet  and  with  a  fall  of  90  feet, 
would  be  about  an  even  five  gallons  per 
minute.  With  faucets  and  bends  in  the 
pipe  the  flow  would  be  somewhat  less  than 
these  amounts.  A  two-inch  pipe  leading  to 
the  barn  would  not  supply  sufficient  water 
and  pressure  to  enable  a  water  motor  to 
give  an  amount  of  power  worth  while.  A 
1 14 -inch  pipe,  under  the  conditions  stated 
above,  would  give  a  theoretical  discharge  at 
the  house  of  5.70  gallons  per  minute ;  and 
an  inch,  and  a  half  pipe,  6.3  gallons.  If 
the  pipe  is  laid  at  a  depth  of  four  feet 
below  the  surface  there  would  probably  be 
little  danger  from  freezing,  f.  h.  king. 


Power  at  Low  Cost 
Kero  sene  as  Fuel 

HERE  is  Power  for  you  that  can  always  be  relied 
upon.  The  Colton  Modern  Kerosene  Engine  is 
the  most  economical,  simplest  and  most  reliable 
Farm  Power  Plant  yet  invented.  Its  many  new  im¬ 
proved  patented  features  are  most  valuable  and  are 
not  found  on  any  other  engine.  Power  is  constant, 
speed  regulated  without  stopping  engine — adjusts 
itself  instantly  to  any  overload — no  cranking  to 
start  it. 

Let  this  wonderful  engine  demonstrate  its  unusual 
value  to  you.  Connect  it  to  your  water  system, 
lighting  system,  pumps  or  any  other  machinery.  If 
it  doesn  t  prove  a  great  money  and  labor  saver, 
return  it  and  get  your  money  back. 

The  Colton  operates  perfectly  on  kerosene,  the 
most  economical  and  satisfactory  fuel.  Kerosene  can 
be  purchased  anywhere  at  about  half  the  cost  of  gaso¬ 
line,  is  much  safer  to  handle  and  gives  more  power, 
gallon  for  gallon,  than  gasoline.  Gasoline,  alcohol, 
distillate,  and  other  fuel  oils  may  also  be  used. 

POSITIVE,  UNCONDITIONAL  GUARANTY 

Every  Colton  is  6old  under  a  positive,  unqualified 

Guarantee  to  give  satifactory  sendee  or  money  ro¬ 
unded.  Our  company  has  been  established  27 years. 
You  need  an  engine  on  your  farm— so  investigate 
the  Colton — the  latest 
development  in  en¬ 
gine  building. 

Get  it  on  trial  and 
compare  its  simple, 
compact  construction, 
superior  quality  ma¬ 
terials  and  high  grade 
workmanship.  You 
will  see  it  operate  with 
less  attention  and  fur¬ 
nishes  more  power  per 
rating  than  any  en¬ 
gine  you  ever  saw. 
Send  for  free  engine 
book  at  once. 

Arthur  Colton  Co. 

701  Brush  Street 

DETROIT  .  .  MICH. 


Steel  Wheels 

will  make  your  old  farm  wagon  nAAU 
as  good  as  new.  Save  money  bo-  DVwla 
cause  they  never  need  repairs.  __  _ _ 
Write  for  our  big  free  book  tell-  plf  Fr 
ing  all  about  them  and  how  they  ' 
pay.  Empire  Mlg.  Co.,  Box  96-0  Quincy,  III. 


'T'HE  Thompson  Gasoline  Engine  is  a  mechanical 
masterpiece.  Simple— durable — uses  little  fuel. 
Has  many  big  improvements  not  found  in  any  other 
engine.  Big  factory — big  output — direct  selling  plan 
saves  you  30%  to  60%.  No  middlemen’s  profits  or 
extras  to  pay  for.  Shipped  complete,  ready  to  use. 
30  days  tree  trial.  5  year  guarantee.  All  sizes,  2  H.  P.  to  50 
H.  P.,  lowest  prices  on  earth.  Write  today  for  bigfree 
catalog.  o.  T.  THOMPSON,  Pres. 

The  Thompson  Co.  131  Oak  St.,  Beloit,  Wis. 


Beats  Them  All 
For  SERVICE 

Here’s  the  engine  that  will  make  the  most 
money  for  you,  because  it  does  more  work, 
costs  less  to  run,  and  costs  less  for  repairs 
than  any  other  outfit  you  could  buy.  Let 
us  prove  it  to  you  before  you  decide  on 
any  engine.  Write  at  once  for  the 

LEFFEL  Steam 

Engine  Book— Free.  Tells  just  what 
you  want  to  know  about  power 
outfits  of  every  kind.  Don't  make 
a  mistake  in  buyingan  engine.Buy 
right  iho^ir.C  timo.  Writ*  for  our  freo  book 
now.  Address 

JAMES  LEFFEL 
&  COMPANY 
Box  264 
Springfield,  0. 


BOOK 

FREE 


1^-Horse  Power 


2-Horse  Power 


4-Horse  Power 


$7475 


6-Horse  Power 

$10445 


8-Horse  Power 


10-Horse  Power 

$243i 


If  all  advertised  horse  power  were  real,  or  if  the  real  horse  power 
of  all  engines  were  advertised,  some  engines  or  some  advertisements  would  have 
to  be  different.  A  lot  of  farmers  have  tested  out  the  Economy  Gasoline  Engine. 
Those  farmers  will  tell  you  from  their  own  experience  that  there  is  ONE  engine 
that  actually  delivers  ALL  the  power  claimed  for  it  by  its  makers,  ALL  THE 
TIME  and  sometimes  MORE. 


get  REAL  power  when  you 


buy  “horse”  power 


n 


■  ;  - 


4rVn 


This  announcement  is  published  to  show  you  how,  if  you  will  mix  just  a  little 
horse  sense  with  your  engine  money,  you’ll  be  able  to  get  real  horse  power  for  it. 

v 

In  the  testing  department  of  our  engine  factory  the  Economy  has  shown  itself  the 
equal  of  engines  selling  at  twice  its  price  and  more.  We  want  you  to  try  it  under 
your  own  farm  conditions.  Here’s  the  proposition:  Send  us  an  order  for  an 
Economy  Gasoline  Engine.  Let  it  do  your  own  work  in  your  own  way.  Put  it  to 
every  test  you  can  think  of.  Work  it  hard  every  day  for  sixty  days.  If  at  the  end 
of  sixty  days  you  think  you  could  get  along  without  it,  send  it  back  at  our  expense. 
If  in  sixty  days  the  Economy  Gasoline  Engine  doesn’t  earn  its  right  to  a  permanent 
place  on  your  farm,  don’t  you  keep  it.  If  you  can  afford  to  work  without  it  say  so 
and  back  comes  your  money  and  freight  charges. 


Under  This  Wide  Open  Trial  the  Economy  Gasoline  Engine 
Has  Gone  Out  to  Thousands  of  Farms  and  MADE  GOOD 


Sears ,  Roebuck  and  Co.,  Chicago,  III. 

Please  send  me  a  copy  of  your  nem  Economy  Gasoline  Engine  Catalog. 


Name 


Postoffice _ 

R.  F.  D.  No. 


P.  0.  Box  No. 


_ State 

Street  and  No. 


'1  Send  in  your  order.  The  very  day  it 
!  reaches  the  factory,  we’ll  load  your  Econ- 
!  omy  Gasoline  Engine  into  a  freight  car, 
1  and  the  best  farm  hand  you  ever  saw  will 
!  be  on  the  way  eager  to  go  to  work.  Use 
!  the  coupon  if  you  want  our  free  Gasoline 
!  Engine  Catalog. 


SEARS.  ROEBUCRghkago 


1 


1911. 


THE  RURA.!»  NEW-YQRKEH 


102  T 


Preparing  for  Oats. 

V.  E.  G-.j  New  Preston,  Conn. — I  have  an 
old  five-acrfe  pasture  field  that  has  not  been 
plowed  for  over  30  years.  I  wish  to  plow 
it  this  Fall  and  leave  it  all  Winter  without 
harrowing  until  next  Spring,  and  then  har¬ 
row  it  and  sow  oats  on  it.  Would  the  oats 
grow  all  right  for  grain,  or  should  I  broad¬ 
cast  some  fertilizer  before  or  after  harrow¬ 
ing?  What  kind  should  I  use  and  how  much 
per  acre?  This  field  is  well  drained  and 
sloping. 

Ans. — Your  plan  is  all  right.  The 
frost  and  thaw  this  Winter  will  help 
break  up  that  old  sod.  This  is  one 
case  where  we  would  not  advise  a 
“cover”  crop  through  the  Winter.  You 
should  use  some  good  fertilizer  with 
the  oats.  These  old  pastures  are  rich 
in  nitrogen,  but  it  is  mostly  insoluble, 
being  found  in  tough  old  roots  and 
stubble.  It  is  there,  but  will  not  be  in 
condition  to  feed  crops  until  these  roots 
are  decayed.  This  will  not  happen  until 
hot,  moist  weather,  so  that  in  Spring, 
when  the  oats  are  seeded,  some  avail¬ 
able  nitrogen  should  be  used. 


Bird’s-eye  and  Sugar  Maple. 

J.  E.  V.,  West  Branch,  N.  Y. — Will  you 
please  tell  me  how  to  distinguish  the  bird's- 
eye  maple  from  the  common  Sugar  maple? 
Also  tell  me  if  it  is  of  any  more  value  than 
the  common  maple.  If  so,  what  is  it  used 
for? 

Ans. — The  so-called  bird’s-eye  struc¬ 
ture  is  very  common  in  Hard  or  Sugar 
maple  (Acer  saccharum).  There  are  no 
botanical  difference  between  Hard  ma¬ 
ple  having  wood  showing  bird’s-eye  and 
one  without  the  bird’s-eye  effect.  This 
character  of  the  wood  is  seldom  ob¬ 
served  in  the  outer  surface  of  the  bark, 
but  when  the  wood  is  cut  in  tangent 
boards  or  veneer  it  becomes  very  val¬ 
uable  in  the  manufacture  of  furniture. 
The  wood  of  Soft  or  Silver  maple 
(Acer  saccharinum)  does  not  exhibit 
“bird’s-eye”  or  “landscape”  structure. 
Red  maple  (Acer  rubrum)  is  easily  dis¬ 
tinguished  from  the  other  eastern  ma¬ 
ples  by  its  softer  wood  and  reddish 

twigs.  C.  D.  MELL, 

Acting  Dendrologist. 

U.  S.  Forest  Service. 


Winter  Use  of  Lime. 

Have  you  had  any  experience,  or  can  you 
refer  us  to  any  information  showing  that 
the  Winter  is  a  good  time  for  applying 
lime?  We  are  informed  that  in  some  sec¬ 
tions,  farmers  make  a  practice  of  buying 
lump  lime  in  the  Winter,  and  put  it  in 
piles  to  be  spread  in  the  Spring,  and  that 
in  other  sections  they  spread  their  lime  on 
the  snow,  so  that  it  will  be  dissolved  and 
carried  into  the  soil. 

CHARLES  WARNER  COMPANY. 

This  is  a  matter  for  farmers  who  prac¬ 
tice  any  of  these  methods.  We  could  not, 
from  our  own  experience,  advise  Winter 
application  of  lime.  We  have  not  had  satis¬ 
factory  results,  except  when  the  lime  was 
thoroughly  worked  into  the  upper  soil.  A 
number  of  cases  are  reported  where  lime 
simply  put  on  top  of  the  ground  gave  very 
slow  and  unsatisfactory  results.  However, 
we  have  found  that  intelligent  farmers  us¬ 
ually  have  good  reasons  for  their  practices. 
We  would  like  to  hear  from  them. 


Houses  Built  on  Rented  Property. 

If  A  rents  a  place  of  B  and  desires  to 
build  a  henhouse  on  the  premises,  how 
must  he  build  in  order  to  take  the  house 
in  case  of  removal?  if  he  builds  the  house 
on  posts  can  he  hold  it?  f.  l.  e. 

Maine. 

The  question  when  personal  property  be¬ 
comes  an  irremovable  fixture,  and  a  part  of 
the  real  estate  is,  in  law,  a  very  compli¬ 
cated  one.  In  answering  the  question  two 
further  questions  must  be  answered  :  Can 
it  be  removed  without  injury  to  the  free¬ 
hold,  and  what  was  the  intent  of  the  per¬ 
son  placing  it  there?  A  renter  who  puts 
up  a  building  which  he  expects  to  remove 
should  never  place  it  on  a  permanent  foun¬ 
dation.  It  would  be  best  to  have  an  agree¬ 
ment,  in  writing,  with  your  landlord  con¬ 
cerning  its  removal.  If  this  is  impossible 
serve  him  with  a  notice  that  the  building 
you  expect  to  put  up  is  temporary  and  that 
you  expect  to  remove  the  same  at  the  expi¬ 
ration  of  your  lease.  If  your  building  has 
already  been  erected  without  these  precau¬ 
tions,  and  the  landlord  objects  to  its  re¬ 
moval,  you  must  be  prepared  to  prove  that 
when  you  put  it  up  you  did  not  intend  to 
make  it  a  part  of  the  freehold,  and  that  its 
removal  will  not  and  did  not  cause  injury 
to  the  freehold.  Its  actual  removal  must 
be  accomplished  before  your  lease  expires. 


The  Outlet  to  a  Farm. 

I  bought  a  strip  of  land  from  A.  I  saw 
B  about  it  and  told  B  that  I  was  going  to 
build  on  the  place.  He  then  asked  me  how 
,™  going  to  get  in  my  lot.  I  told  him 
that  I  was  going  to  make  a  road  from  the 
highway  to  my  place.  Then  B  said  that 
I  could  not,  as  his  deed  calls  for  to  my 
fence  line,  and  I  have  no  other  way  of  get¬ 
ting  in  my  place.  I  do  not  go  in  any  of 
his  land,  only  the  strip  which  is  between 


the  road  and  my  fence  line,  it  being  on  the 
highway.  e.  p.  b. 

New  York. 

If  we  understand  your  contention  your 
land  borders  on  the  highway,  the  center  of 
which  only  is  worked  for  a  road.  B  claims 
to  have  title  to  the  highway  and  refuses  to 
allow  you  to  reach  your  land  through  the 
uuworked  portion  of  the  highway.  Of 
course  B  cannot  maintain  any  such  claim 
even  though  his  deed  calls  for  the  whole 
of  the  highway.  You  have  a  right  to  in¬ 
gress  and  egress  to  your  land  if  you 
border  on  the  highway.  You  had  better  se¬ 
cure  a  good  surveyor  who  will  locate  and 
define  your  lines.  Then  if  your  land  bor¬ 
ders  on  the  highway  use  the  highway  as 
every  other  person  is  entitled  to  use  it. 


“Black  Art”  or  Hypnotism. 

Is  there  any  law  to  prevent  hypnotism, 
black  art,  witchcraft  or  whatever  you  may 
call  it  on  children  or  anyone  else?  If  so, 
what  is  the  penalty?  j.  b.  h. 

Our  laws  do  not,  and  for  more  than  a 
hundred  years,  have  not  recognized  any  such 
term  as  witchcraft.  The  exercise  of  hyp¬ 
notic  influence  is  not  a  crime.  Should  one 
by  the  exercise  of  that  or  any  other  influ¬ 
ence  cause  a  person  to  commit  a  crime  the 
law  would  hold  him  as  an  accessory.  The 
only  difficulty  would  be  to  prove  the  fact  of 
influence.  The  fact  that  the  person  influ¬ 
enced  was  a  child  or  a  weak-minded  person 
would  make  the  proof  easier.  In  the  same 
way  if  anyone  should  obtain  money,  or 
other  valuable  consideration,  by  this  ‘influ¬ 
ence,  he  could  be  charged  with  fraud.  The 
exercise  of  the  so-called  black  art  has  al¬ 
ways  had  a  certain  prominent  place  in  liter¬ 
ature,  more  than  in  real  life.  If  you  want 
to  know  how  unsafe  it  would  be  to  formu¬ 
late  any  such  occult  influence  into  a  stat¬ 
ute  read  the  story  of  the  women  who  were 
sent  to  jail  or  to  death,  on  the  testimony 
of  men  of  good  repute,  because  of  their 
alleged  witchcraft. 


Another  View  of  Vetch. 

Seeing  a  great  deal  about  Hairy  vetch  in 
The  R.  N.-Y.  from  time  to  time,  and  a 
great  deal  of  encouragement  to  farmers  to 
grow  it,  I  thought  it  would  not  be  out  of 
place  to  say  a  word  about  it,  and  give  our 
experience  with  it.  We  have  never  sown 
any,  but  it  comes  in  on  most  of  the  soil  in 
this  section,  and  is  a  very  bad  weed.  It 
smothers  out  all  other  vegetation,  and 
while  all  stock  like  It,  as  it  makes  good 
food,  it  does  not  produce  enough  of  a 
crop  to  pay.  I  presume  there  are  barren 
lands  where  it  would  be  profitable,  but  on 
any  productive  soil  it  is  a  great  detriment, 
as  it  is  very  tenacious  and  hard  to  kill 
out.  I  write  this,  hoping  that  anyone  who 
has  a,  productive,  heavy  soil,  and  no  Hairy 
vetch,  will  look  well  to  what  he  is  doing 
before  he  gets  it  into  the  soil.  There  are 
many  farmers  about  me  who  would  give  a 
good  big  sum  to  have  it  cleaned  off  their 
farms.  c.  A  chapman. 

V  ermont. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 

R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
square  deal."  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


FROM  TEXAS 


Some  Coffee  Facts  from  the  tone 
Star  State. 


From  a  beautiful  farm  down  in  Texas, 
where  gushing  springs  unite  to  form 
babbling  brooks  that  wind  their  spark¬ 
ling  way  through  flowery  meads,  comes 
a  note  of  gratitude  for  delivery  from  the 
coffee  habit. 

“When  my  baby  boy  came  to  me  five 
years  ago,  I  began  to  drink  Postum,  hav¬ 
ing  a  feeling  that  it  would  be  better  for 
him  and  me  than  the  old  kind  of  drug¬ 
laden  coffee.  I  was  not  disappointed  in 
it,  for  it  enabled  me,  a  small,  delicate 
woman,  to  nurse  a  bouncing,  healthy 
baby  14  months. 

“I  have  since  continued  the  use  of 
Postum  for  I  have  grown  fond  of  it, 
and  have  discovered  to  my  joy  that  it 
has.  entirely  relieved  me  of  a  bilious  habit 
which  used  to  prostrate  me  two  or  three 
times  a  year,  causing  much  discomfort  to 
my  family  and  suffering  to  myself. 

“My  brother-in-law  was  cured  of 
chronic  constipation  by  leaving  off 
coffee  and  using  Postum.  He  has  be¬ 
come  even  more  fond  of  it  than  he  was 
of  the  old  coffee. 

“In  fact  the  entire  family,  from  the 
latest  arrival,  (a  2-year-old  who  always 
calls  for  his  ‘potie’  first  thing  in  the 
morning)  up  to  the  head  of  the  house, 
think  there  is  no  drink  so  good  or  so 
wholesome  as  Postum.”  Name  given  by 
Postum  Co.,  Battle  Creek.  Mich. 

Read  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs.  “There’s  a  reason.” 


Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest.  | 


^As  low  as  $1<K 

And  any  boy  can  operate  it  and  earn  the 
price  of  this  saw  in  two  days  easily  by 
contracting  to  saw  lumber,  firewood,  lath, 
fences,  posts,  etc.,  for  neighbors. 

Hertzler  &  Zook 


Portable 

Wood 


E®m  is  positively  the  cheapest  and  best 
g-f  saw  made.  Liberally  guaranteed  for 
1  year— will  last  many  years. 
Strictly  factory  prices  —  you 
save  jobbers’  profits.  Stick 
sits  low— saw  draws  it  on 
immediately  machine 
starts — ensuring  ease  of 
operation.  Only  $10  saw  to 
wh;ch  ripping  table  can  be 
added.  Write  for  catalogue. 

HEETZLER  &  ZOOK  CO. 
Box  3_ Belleville,  Pa. 


Ball  Means  Years  of  Quality 
and  8,000,000  Wearers 

Every  pair  of  the  famous  “BALL-BAND” 

Rubber  Boots  and  Arctics  and  All-Knit  Wool  Boots 
and  Socks  is  trade-marked  with  the  RED  ball. 

Only  the  highest  grade  of  materials  and  work¬ 
manship  are  allowed  to  receive  this  trade-mark. 

This  is  the  “BALL-BAND”  standard.  It  has 
been  in  force  from  the  very  beginning. 

“BALL- BAND”  footwear  has  changed  only  in 
one  direction — for  the  better. 

This  is  why  it  has  won  more  than 
eight  million  wearers — why  these 
millions  will  not  be  satisfied 
„  with  anything  else. 

We  could  save  one  million 
dollars  a yearby  putting 


“Ball-Band’1 
Arctic 

less  quality  into  “BALL-BAND.” 
The  loss  would  not  appear  on 
the  surface  of  our  footwear. 


i 


(Red) 


Butin 
all  the 
years this 
company 
has  not,  nor  will 
it  ever  cheapen 
the  quality  of  its 
goods  to  meet  compe¬ 
tition. 

Look  for  the 
RED  BALL  sign 
when  you  go  to  buy 
rubber  footwear.  Many 
dealers  display  these  signs  in 
theirwindows  or  store  fronts  “Ball-Band** 
for  the  guidance  of  the  con-  4-Buckle 

stantly  increasing  number  Arctic 

who  are  asking  about  “BALL-BAND” 
footwear. 

Whether  you  see  the  sign  or  not. 
you  are  sure  to  find  the  RED  BALL 
trade-mark  on  all  “BALL- BAND” 
goods.  Insist  on  seeing  it.  It  is  your 
protection.  Forty-five  thousand 
dealers  in  all  parts  of  the  country 
sell  “BALL-BAND”  goods.  If 
your  dealer  cannot  supply  you, 
write  us»  mentioning  his 

- —  name,  and  we 

will  see  that 
you  are 
fitted. 


(72) 


Mishawaka  Woolen  Mf  g.  Co. 

Mishawaka,  Inch 
“The  House  That  Pays  Millions  for  Quality 


Ball-Band” 
Coon  T  ail 
Knit  Boot 


-99  %,  %  Pure- 

American  Ingot  Iron  Roofing 

Guaranteed  For  30  Years 

Without  Painting 

The  Only  Guaranteed  Metal  Roofing  ever  put  on  the 
market.  Samples  free.  Write  for  a  free  book  showing 
remarkable  tests.  A  way  out  of  your  roof  troubles. 

THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  CO.,  Dept,  0,  ELYRIA,  OHIO 


Handy  Wagons 

For  Farm  Work 

no  high  lifting,  last 
a  life  time.  Easy  for  horse 
and  man.  Broad  tired  steel  wheels  cannotbertjroken 
and  do  not  make  ruts.  No  tire  setting,  nothing  to  dry 
apart.  All  tire  widths.  Writeforfreebookto-day  to 
^ll^C^HIC^IHEEtCO., Box46t  Quincy, III. 


There’s  Comfort,  Profit 
and  Economy  in  a  Concrete  Barn 

It  is  warm  in  winter,  cool  in  summer,  sanitary,  easily 
cleaned,  fireproof,  practically  everlasting.  Why  build 
any  other  way  ? 

T  riTT/lIIPORTLAND 

LLnUiIl  CEMENT 

Your  assurance  of  permanent,  absolute  satisfaction  in  all  your 
concrete  work  is  the  Lehigh  trade-mark  on  every  bag  or  barrel  of 
cement  you  buy.  It  is  the  recognized  standard  of  highest  quality. 
Don  t  accept  just  any  Portland  cement — ask  for  Lehigh  by  name. 

The  Modern  Farmer” — a  handsomely  illustrated  instruction 
book  on  the  use  of  concrete — sent  free.  Just  a  postal  will  bring  it. 

LEHIGH  PORTLAND  CEMENT  COMPANY 

Dept.  A,  Allentown,  Pa. 


1028 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


October  21, 


TIMELY  SHEEP  NOTES. 

Unprofitable  Ewes. — The  Winter 
season,  the  time  when  sheep  demand  the 
most  feed  and  care,  is  fast  approach¬ 
ing.  You  may  have  been  able  to  pas¬ 
ture  a  few  old  or  unthrifty  ewes  through 
the  Summer  without  feeling  it  much, 
but  you  certainly  cannot  afford  it  after 
the  coming  of  frost.  Ewes,  particularly 
those  bred  for  early  lambs,  to  be  profit¬ 
able,  must  be  strong  and  young  and 
healthy*to  stand  up  under  heavy  feeding 
and  confinement.  If  they  are  unfit,  there 
is  no  better  time  to  get  rid  of  them  than 
when  they  are  corning  off  Summer  pas¬ 
turage.  See  that  their  teeth  are  all 
sound  and  not  worn  down  too  much. 
Without  good  teeth,  they  may  be  able  to 
keep  themselves  in  pretty  good  shape  for 
awhile,  but  if  pasturage  gets  scant  and 
you  have  to  feed  hay,  they  will  soon 
get  a  lean,  unsatisfied  look  to  them. 
They  are  liable  to  be  very  uneasy,  too, 
breaking  through  fences  and  making  the 
rest  of  the  flock  hard  to  manage.  When 
their-  lambs  come,  they  lose  flesh  very 
fast  in  trying  to  care  for  them.  They 
soon  reach  the  limit  and  neither  lambs 
nor  ewes  improve  much  until  late  Sum¬ 
mer.  For  the  early  market,  even 
though  dropped  in  season,  such  lambs 
are  almost  worthless.  Don’t  judge  a 
ewe  by  her  past  good  record  when  her 
teeth  are  gone;  the  sooner  you  get  rid 
of  her  the  better. 

A  ewe  may  be  both  young  and  healthy 
and  yet  have  a  bad  udder.  Often  you 
can  tell  by  examining  her.  The  safest 
way,  though,  is  to  keep  a  record  at  lamb¬ 
ing  time.  If  she  went  back  on  her 
lamb,  I  would  not  trust  her  again,  no 
matter  how  good  her  breeding  or  con¬ 
dition.  My  finest  and  largest  lamb  in 
the  Winter  of  1909  was  from  just  such  a 
ewe,  and  I  lost  it.  The  next  year  I 
raised  another  nearly  as  good  by  hand, 
but  I  had  no  more  use  for  the  ewe.  Of 
course,  if  a  ewe  appears  rundown  or 
sickly  at  this  season,  she  is  hardly  likely 


to  pay  you  for  her  keep  or  the  extra  at¬ 
tention  she  will  need.  The  value  of  your 
flock  in  looks  and  profit  depends  on  keep¬ 
ing  these  worthless  animals  weeded  Out. 
It  takes  a  little  extra  care  and  judgment, 
but  you  can  well  afford  them  now.  With 
small  flocks,  where  there  are  only  four 
or  five  such  ewes  to  be  got  rid  of,  their 
disposal  at  an  advan;  ge  is  a  good  deal 
of  a  problem.  Sometimes  the  local 
butcher  will  handle  them,  but  in  many 
sections  there  is  a  prejudice  against  old 
mutton.  In  my  locality,  at  times,  they 
hardly  pay  for  the  trouble  it  takes  to  get 
them  to  market.  Many  farmers  so  situ¬ 
ated  would  find  it  to  their  advantage  to 
kill  them  for  home  use.  I  have  found  it 
very  little  trouble  to  handle  a  carcass 
without  loss,  even  when  the  family  is 
small.  Mutton  is  most  nourishing.  Per¬ 
sonally,  I  would  prefer  it  to  hog  meat 
any  day,  although  in  a  number  of  farm¬ 
ing  districts  I  have  found  the  people  did 
not  think  an  old  sheep  fit  to  eat.  The 
strong  flavor  so  many  object  to  can  be 
easily  avoided  by  taking  care  to  skin  the 
meat  clean  before  cooking.  They  are  a 
most  convenient  supply  of  farm  meat,  be¬ 
ing  easier  to  handle  than  a  cow  or  steer, 
and  are  a  most  acceptable  change  from 
the  everlasting  hog  and  chicken. 

Ragweed  for  Sheep. — Here,  as  in 
many  other  sections  this  year,  the  Win¬ 
ter  supply  of  long  feed  is  very  short. 
Those  who  in  the  past  have  been  for¬ 
tunate  or  provident  enough  to  have  a 
good  supply  of  clover  hay  or  Alfalfa, 
are  many  of  them  having  to  buy  or  find 
a  substitute.  Just  what  that  will  be,  or 
how  cheap  a  grade  of  stuff  they  can  feed 
their  sheep  without  hurting  their  pros¬ 
pects,  is  a  question.  Certainly  nothing 
will  take  the  place  of  the  feeds  above 
mentioned,  even  with  liberal  grain  feed¬ 
ing,  which  is  expensive.  Feeding  any 
Timothy  or  mixed  hay  is  certainly  fool¬ 
ish  at  prevailing  prices,  especially  _  as 
sheep  make  very  poor  returns  for  Tim¬ 
othy  feeding.  Where  possible,  of  course, 
grain  will  be  fed.  but  there  must  be  a 
good  deal  of  roughage  as  well.  Plant¬ 
ings  of  cow  peas  and  sorghum  are  going 
to  help  many  of  us,  and  in  some  cases 
silage.  The  bulk  of  small  farmers,  how¬ 
ever,  have  to  depend  a  great  deal  on 
corn  fodder  or  something  else.  For 
sheep,  the  fodder  ought  to  be  shredded, 
but  even  where  fed  with  molasses,  they 


do  none  too  well  on  it.  Consequently, 
all  through  this  section,  farmers  are 
cutting  ragweed  for  hay,  not  only  for 
sheep  but  for  other  stock.  Sheep  may 
not  be  so  fond  of  corn  fodder,  but 
they  are  certainly  partial  to  well-cured 
ragweed.  I  found  this  out  some  years 
ago  when  looking  up  methods  of  sheep 
feeding  in  this  State.  One  successful 
grower  reported  that  he  had  used  rag¬ 
weed  for  hay  for  a  number  of  years. 
Whether  he  couldn’t  or  wouldn’t  grow 
clover  he  did  not  say.  But  the  fact  re¬ 
mains,  that  when  I  have  to,  I  can  feed 
my  sheep  ragweed  and  not  worry  too 
much  about  their  falling  back.  At  its 
best,  it  is  rather  rough  stuff,  but  if  cut 
when  fairly  green  and  cured  carefully,  it 
will  more  than  help  bridge  over  the 
empty  spaces  this  Winter  and  save  on 
fodder.  I  am  also  laying  in  as  large  a 
supply  of  pumpkins  and  turnips  as  pos¬ 
sible  ;  the  pumpkins  for  late  Fall  feeding, 
to  keep  them  fat  and  free  from  worms, 
and  the  turnips  to  increase  the  flow  of 
milk  and  put  a  little  juice  into  the  dry 
ragweed.  Some  of  the  ragweed,  by  the 
way,  is  flavored  with  Alfalfa,  having 
come  up  in  place  of  a  last  cutting  of  the 
same.  R-  B- 

Maryland. 

Do  Commercial  Feeds  Pay  ? 

Docs  it  pay  to  buy  commercial  feeds, 
such  as  oil  meal  at  $37  a  ton,  cotton-seed 
meal  same  price,  dried  brewers’  grain  at 
$26,  gluten  meal  at  $28,  bran  at  $24  a 
ton.  to  feed  to  milch  cows,  when  you  are 
making  butter  from  the  cream  of  said  cows 
and  have  to  sell  it  for  2 5  cents  a  pound, 
when  you  have  of  .your  own  raising  all  the 
corn  and  all  the  oats  and  all  the  clover 
hay  that  is  good  for  them,  corn  shelled  and 
oats  being  worth  one  cent  a  pound,  and 
clover  hay  about  $10  a  ton?  c.  L.  u. 

Illinois. 

Your  inquiry  brings  up  one  of  the  most 
interesting  questions  with  which  dairymen 
have  been  confronted  since  the  business  be¬ 
gan.  It  seems  that  such  a  broad  question 
as  this,  when  considered  in  all  Its  phases, 
can  never  be  settled  conclusively,  because 
there  are  so  many  different  methods  of 
feeding,  and  modifications  of  the  same 
method,  all  of  which  are  used  under  so 
many  different  conditions  and  for  such  a 
variety  of  different  cows  that  each  dairy¬ 
man  must  use  his  own  judgment  after  all 
has  been  said  that  our  present  knowledge 
of  the  subject  seems  to  justify.  My  own 
opinion,  based  upon  considerable  experience, 
is  that  if  >t  pays  to  keep  a  cow  at  all  it 
pays  to  feed  her  just  as  well  as  we  know 
how.  It  may  be  argued  that  a  cow  may  be 
fed  well  and  kept  in  good  condition  with¬ 


out  feeding  her  a  scientifically  balanced 
ration.  While  this  may  be  agreeable  to 
the  cow,  the  best  interests  of  her  owner 
demand  that  she  shall  have  a  practical 
balanced  ration  in  order  to  produce  the 
greatest  returns  in  the  form  of  milk  and 
butter  at  the  least  possible  expense.  With 
the  present  difficulties  which  confront  us 
who  are  in  the  dairy  business,  and  prevent 
the  making  of  any  large  profits  from  the 
sale  of  milk  and  butter,  there  is  oue  funda¬ 
mental  principle  upon  which  all  must  agree, 
and  that  is  it  does  not  pay  to  keep  poor 
cows.  Naturally  the  oily  way  to  know 
which  the  poor  cows  are  is  to  keep  an  indi¬ 
vidual  record  of  them  and  dispose  of  all 
that  do  not  pay  their  keep.  If  every  dairy¬ 
man  would  do  this  I  believe  the  over-pro¬ 
duction  would  soon  be  wiped  out,  and  that 
the  selling  price  of  the  p  oducts  of  the 
dairy  would  increase  s.;  that  the  net  re¬ 
ceipts  would  equal  or  exceed  the  present 
total.  This  would  mean  the  saving  of  all 
the  feed  now  eaten  by  unprofitable  cows 
which,  no  doubt,  would  amount  to  a  large 
sum  in  the  course  of  a  year. 

Now  I  will  submit  the  chemists’  figures 
showing  the  analyses  of  the  ration  com¬ 
pounded  from  home  grown  feeds  entirely : 

- Digestible. - 

Feeding  Stuff.  Dry  Carb. 

Matter.  Protein,  and  Fat. 
20  lbs.  clover  hay.  17.00  1.36  7.92 

4  lbs.  cornmeal..  3.56  .316  3.056 

6  lbs.  ground  oats  5.34  .552  3.408 


25.90  2.228  14.384 

Nutritive  ratio,  1  :6.45. 

You  will  notice  that  this  ration  is  de¬ 
ficient  in  both  protein  and  succulence ; 
therefore  it  is  impossible  for  a  cow  to  do 
her  best  work  when  fed  such  a  ration. 

Now  we  will  suppose  that  you  sell  half 
of  your  corn  and  oats  at  one  cent  per 
pound  and  buy  cotton-seed  meal  and  dried 
beet  pulp  with  the  proceeds,  and  adding 
about  1  %  cents  per  day  for  each  cow  to 
make  up  for  the  extra  cost  of  the  pur¬ 
chased  feed.  This  is  the  ration  you  would 
then  have : 


- Digestible. - 


Feeding  Stuff. 

Drv 

Carb. 

Matter.  Protein,  and  Fat. 

20  lbs.  clover  hnv. 

17.00 

1.36 

7.92 

2  lbs.  cornmeal .  . 

1 .78 

.158 

1 . 528 

3  lbs.  ground  oats 

2.67 

.276 

1.704 

1  Vi  lbs.  cotton¬ 
seed  meal .... 

1  . 377 

.555 

.672 

3  lbs.  dried  beet 
pulp  . 

2.808 

.204 

1.962 

25 . 635 

2.553 

13.786 

You  will  see  that  by  changing  the  ration 
as  above  you  have  nearly  an  ideal  ration, 
perfectly  balanced  and  containing  a  fair 
amount  of  succulence,  although  little  more 
beet  pulp  would  probably  be  an  improve¬ 
ment.  If  you  will  feed  this  ration  to  good 
cows  I  am  sure  you  will  find  that  it  will 
more  than  pay  the  extra  cost  in  increased 
production.  If  anyone  else  of  the  Rural 
Family  have  a  similar  proposition  T  would 
very  much  like  to  have  them  try  this  plan 
of  feeding  and  report  results.  c.  s.  g. 


(Not  for  boys — they're  all  right  and  their  turn 
will  come  latet — but  this  is  for  the  boss.) 

Thousands  of  farmers  will  buy  gasoline  engines  this  Fall  and  W  inter. 
I  want  to  get  in  direct  and  personal  touch  with  every  one  of  them,  as 
I  want  them  to  know  about  the  Olds  Engine.  „ 

If  you  are  going  to  buy  an  engine,  or  are  thinking  about  it,  you  ought  to  know  what  an 
()lds  Engine  will  do  for  you.  I  want  to  tell  you  about  them 
give  you  just  the  information  you  want — so  if  you  will  fill  out  the 
coupon  below  (or  write  me  a  letter)  saying  what  size  engine  you 
want,  whether  portable  or  stationary,  and  when  you  expect  to  need 
one,  without  asking  you  to  make  any  promise  or  obligating  you 
in  any  way,  1  will  send  you  absolutely  free  this  genuine  calfskin 
bill  fold,  stamped  with  your  name  in  gold  letters. 

It  will  hold  fifteen  bills  easily.  When  folded  it  will  go  in 
a  small  pocket.  It  is  very  convenient,  handsome  and  useful; 
will  last  a  lifetime.  Has  no  advertisement  on  it. 


rvQ  GASOLINES 
ULL/J  ENGINES 


are  known  the  world  over  and  used  by  farmers  everywhere.  They  are  the  most  satis¬ 
factory  engine  made  for  farm  work.  I  guarantee  them  to  do  all  we  say  they  will  you 
to  be  the  judge.  Ask  any  man  who  has  an  Olds  Engine.  He  will  tell  you. 

We  also  make  complete  electric  light  and  water  systems  especially  for  farms. 

Write  for  our  prices  on  corn  shellers,  corn  buskers,  feed  grinders  and  cream  separators. 

If  you  are  going  to  buy  an  engine,  put  a  check  mark  (X)  in  the  place  showing  the  size  and  style 
engine  you  want,  and  when  you  expect  to  need  it,  and  mail  to  me  personally  at  once.  Address  me 
as  below. 


BRANCHES 

1007  Farnam  St. 

Omaha,  Neb. 

2112  Central  St. 

Kansas  City,  Mo. 


J.  B.  SEAGER,  Gen.  Mgr. 

Seager  Engine  Works 

908  Walnut  St.,  Lansing,  Mich. 


BRANCHES 

102  N.  Los  Angeles  St. 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

65C  Beverly  St. 

Boston,  Mass. 


To  make  quick  deliveries,  I  also  have  a  complete  stock  of  engines  and  parts  in  warenouses  at 
Houston,  Tex.  Atlanta,  Ga.  Decatur,  111.  Lexington,  Miss.  Cairo,  111.  Minneapolis,  Minn.  Binghamton,  N.Y.  Philadelphia,  f*a. 

NOTICE — If  you  prefer,  write  to  my  nearest  branch,  and  if  1  am  not  there, 
my  personal  representative  will  attend  to  it. 


FREE 


Cut  or  tear  off  here 


this  real  leather  bill  fold 
for  the  Head  of  the  Farm 


Seager  Engine  Works,  Lansing,  Mich. 

Send  me  full  particulars  about  the  following  engine.  It 
is  understood  that  I  do  not  obligate  myself  in  any  way  by 
asking  for  this  information. 

Style  wanted  :  Portable  Stationary 

Horse  Power  wanted:  1>£  3  6  8  12  15  20 

Expect  to  need  it :  Oct.  Nov.  Dec. 


Name . . . 

Town  . R .  F.  D. 

County . * .  State . 


Sign  name  plainly,  Juat  the  way  you  want  It  on  hill  fold 

908 


1911. 


THE  RUKAb  NEW-YORKER 


1^320 


Moulding  Troubles 

Into  Comforts 


YEARS  AGO  financial  disaster  and  about  eight  years 
of  invalidism  pushed  this  man  into  long  and  exhaus¬ 
tive  study  of  food  and  beverage  better  for  human 
health.  Elis  own  need  taught  the  need  of  others. 

He  said  :  “  Thanks  for  the  experience.” 

Every  obstacle  in  human  life  is  for  a  purpose. 

Overcoming  obstacles  strengthens  character,  and, 
rightly  viewed,  they  can  be  turned  into  blessings. 

Nature’s  way  to  strength  of  body  and  mind  is  through 
trials  and  toughening  experience. 

Take  your  “bumps”  with  a  smile  (even  if  a  bit  grim  at 
times)  and  extract  the  essence.  This  man’s  experience  gave 
to  the  world  better  food  and  drink  for  the  healthful  welfare 
of  millions. 

The  world  repaid  him  a  hundredfold.  So  the  world 
will  repay  each  one  who  rides  down  obstacles  and  considers 
them  as  strength-giving  experiences  for  future  attainment. 

The  foods  were  worked  out  from  years  of  skilful  train¬ 
ing,  each  for  a  purpose,  and  hence  the  world-famous  phrase, 

“There’s  a  Reason.” 


4 


This  morning  beverage  was  perfected  for  those  who  are  unfavorably  affected  by  coffee.  Postum,  when  well 
brewed,  has  the  deep  seal  brown  of  coffee  and  a  flavour  very  like  the  milder  brands  of  pure  Java,  but  it  contains  absolutely 
no  ingredients  except  the  nourishing  parts  of  wheat  and  New  Orleans  molasses  (in  small  proportion).  Its  use  is  health¬ 
giving  to  a  marked  degree. 


Grape- Nllts  was  made  to  supply  a  nourishing  food  partly  digested  in  the  process 
of  making.  It  contains  the  most  vital  properties  Nature  demands  from  which  to  rebuild 
the  nerve  centres,  brain  and  solar  plexus,  and  is  wonderfully  easy  of  digestion. 


Post  Toasties  are  made  of  thinly  rolled 
bits  of  white  corn  toasted  to  a  delicate  brown,  and 
present  one  of  the  most  pleasing  foods  that  the 
palate  is  called  upon  to  criticise.  The  nourishing 
properties  of  Indian  Corn  are  sufficiently  well 
known  to  require  no  further  comment. 


“ Little  White  Barn” 
where  the  Manufacture 
of  Postum  was  Started 
Jan.  1, 1S95. 


Postum  was  first  made  in  the  little  white 
bam  still  preserved  in  the  midst  of  the  great  group 
of  factories  now  composing  the  famous  pure-food 
works  at  Battle  Creek. 

The  growth  from  the  humble  beginning  to 
the  present  mammoth  plant  is  another  illustration  of 
“There’s  a  Reason.” 

A  profusely  illustrated  book  showing  the 
processes  will  be  sent  to  mail  inquirers  who  ask  for 
“The  Door  Unbolted.” 


Postum  Cereal  Co.,  Ltd.,  Factories  at  Battle  Creek,  Michigan,  as  They  Are  Today 


“There’s  a  Reason” 


Postum  Cereal  Company,  Limited,  Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  U.  S.  A. 


Canadian  Postum  Cereal  Co.,  Limited,  Windsor,  Ontario,  Canada 


1030 


THIS  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


October  21, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


The  Joy  of  Life. — I  have  often  asked 
people  what  event  or  work  result  had 
given  them  the  greatest  satisfaction.  No 
doubt  the  reverse  of  that  question — the 
memory  of  the  meanest  thing  they  ever 
did — would  have  been  easier  to  remem¬ 
ber.  The  whip  of  the  mind  may  out¬ 
live  the  ivy  wreath.  At  any  rate  this 
question  interests  me,  and  there  have 
been  some  strange  answers.  An  orator 
once  told  me  that  the  supreme  joy  of 
life  came  when  he  stood  before  an 
audience  arguing  an  unpopular  cause, 
which  he  knew  was  right,  and  felt  the 
audience  moving  in  line  with  his 
thought.  A  great  doctor  said  that  it 
came  to  him  after  some  difficult  opera¬ 
tion,  or  at  the  crisis  of  some  disease, 
when  after  a  flickering  struggle  with 
death  the  sick  man  turned  the  corner 
and  floated  back  toward  life.  A  mis¬ 
sionary  has  told  me  how  this  feeling 
came  to  him  when  men  finally  won  the 
victory  over  long  generations  of  bar¬ 
barism  and  gave  up  evils  which  were 
as  much  a  part  of  them  as  hands  or 
feet.  It  seems  as  if  no  man  can  taste 
this  supreme  joy  of  living  unless  there 
be  some  flash*  of  the  spiritual  in  it. 
The  orator,  the  doctor,  the  clergyman, 
the  engineer — all  these  trained  men 
find  the  true  glory  of  labor  in  saving  or 
influencing  human  life.  They  match 
their  skill  and  their  faith  against  na¬ 
tural  forces,  and  they  are  satisfied  be¬ 
cause  the  world  is  made  better  for  their 
struggle.  But  this  feeling  of  holy  pride 
is  not  reserved  for  the  so-called  pro¬ 
fessions.  It  comes  also  to  the  man  who 
has  struggled  through  years  to  save  a 
farm  or  to  develop  an  orchard.  Let  us 
take  a  man  who  buys  an  old  farm — 
which  has  been  rejected  by  others  and 
turned  back  to  nature.  This  man  has 
vision  and  faith.  His  neighbors  and 
perhaps  his  own  family  laugh  at  him, 
but  he  goes  silently  on,  plants  trees  on 
the  hills,  gives  them  the  best  care  he 
can,  lives  within  his  means,  and  waits. 
He  finds  a  way  and  finally  there  comes 
a  Spring  when  the  bloom  shows  here 
and  there  on  his  trees.  The  next  year 
some  of  them  are  white  and  pink,  and 
as  the  days  grow  short  in  the  Fall  the 
red  and  yellow  fruit  show  through  the 
leaves.  Then  all  men  know  that  the 
patient  worker  has  won.  Here  at  last 
is  the  orchard  which,  with  continued 
care,  will  stand  for  years,  constantly  in¬ 
creasing  in  beauty  and  value.  Other 
men  have  much  the  same  joy  when  they 
see  fields  of  Alfalfa  where  they  found 
waste  places,  or  herds  of  beautiful 
cattle  in  the  place  of  the  poor  scrubs 
with  which  they  started.  Yet,  I  doubt 
if  anything  in  the  material  part  of  farm 
life  can  quite  touch  the  feeling  which 
comes  to  a  man  when  his  young  or¬ 
chard  urst  shows  itself  and  proves  his 
years  of  labor. 

Farm  Notes. — The  buckwheat  was 
cut  October  5,  and  is  a  fair  crop.  Two 
years  ago  this  field  was  what  we  call  a 
“loafer”;  that  is,  a  field  grown  up  to 
brush  and  small  trees  and  covered  with 
briers.  Such  a  loafer  is  a  nuisance. 
We  cut  off  and  burned  the  brush  in 
Winter,  blew  out  the  larger  stumps,  and 
planted  corn.  At  the  last  cultivation 
rye  and  Crimson  clover  were  seeded, 
but  the  clover  killed  out.  This  Spring 
the  rye  was  plowed  under  and  oats 
seeded.  They  were  cut  for  hay  with 
the  cutter  bar  high,  so  as  to  leave  con¬ 
siderable  stubble.  This  was  plowed 
under  and  buckwheat  seeded  with  a 
mixture  of  Red  and  Alsike  clover  seed. 
A  fair  dose  of  fertilizer  was  put  on 
with  the  buckwheat.  There  is  a  good 
catch  of  clover,  perhaps  two-thirds  Al¬ 
sike.  Next  Spring  we  expect  to  plant 
a  solid  block  of  McIntosh  Red  apples 
20  feet  each  way.  Strips  about  five  feet 
wide  will  be  plowed  and  the  trees 
planted  in  these  strips  and  given  good 
culture.  This  will  leave  IS  feet  of 
clover  between  two  rows  of  trees.  This 
clover  will  be  cut  at  the  right  time  for 
hay  making.  If  we  need  it  for  the 
stock  part  will  be  hauled  to  the  barn. 
If  we  have  hay  enough  elsewhere,  all 
this  clover  will  be.  piled  around  the 
trees.  In  brief,  that  is  the  way  we 
would  handle  a  “loafer  field”  of  that 
description  after  experimenting  for 
about  10  years.  I  used  to  say  go  right 
into  the  brush  and  plant,  clearing  up 
afterwards.  There  may  be  conditions 
where  this  would  pay,  but  in  this  par¬ 
ticular  field  I  would  clean  up  and  sub¬ 
due  the  land  first.  .  .  .  Rye  seed¬ 
ing  still  goes  on.  We  shall  soon  have 
the  potato  fields  all  covered.  Then  will 
come  the  onion  field,  and  after  that  the 
Brussels  sprouts  and  cabbage.  In  these 
crops  the  rye  is  scattered  between  the 
rows  and  worked  in  with  a  light  fine- 
tooth  cultivator  or  harrow.  Of  course 
the  sprouts  remain  until  late  November, 
but  the  rye  gets  a  good  start.  The 


seeding  is  not  perfect,  but  there  is  a 
heavy  growth  to  plow  under  or  cut.  As 
we  expect  to  follow  the  sprouts  with  a 
block  of  Elberta  peaches,  the  rye  will 
be  plowed  under.  .  .  .  The  first 

touch  of  frost  came  on  October  7, 
within  a  few  days  of  the  average.  This 
did  .  o  harm,  but  told  us  what  to  ex¬ 
pect.  The  squash  and  pumpkins  must 
come  in  and  the  last  of  the  sweet  corn 
must  be  cut.  .  .  .  Our  Greening 

apples  were  all  picked  by  October  7.  I 
shall  sell  them  off  early.  The  last  of 
the  Salway  peaches  were  picked  on  that 
date  also.  They  were  hard,  but  will 
soften  up  under  cover.  Same  with  the 
Kieffer  pears.  They  are  all  off  and 
coloring  rapidly.  For  all  the  hard 
knocks  old  Kieffer  has  received  it  is  a 
profitable  fruit  to  grow  when  you  are 
near  a  canning  factory  or  an  Italian 
colony.  As  a  stewing  or  canning  pear 
the  Kieffer  has  a  place. 

The  Cow. — Molly’s  record  for  Sep¬ 
tember  was  767  pounds.  This  is  worth 
four  cents  a  pound  to  our  family,  or  a 
total  of  $30.68.  The  month’s  feed  cost 
$4.50,  and  we  allow  $6  for  time  spent 
in  caring  for  the  cow.  This  leaves 
$20.18.  Figured  in  the  same  way  the 
cow’s  financial  record  stands : 


April  (12  days) .  $7.76 

May  .  30.31 

June  .  29.94 

July  .  27.79 

August  .  18.92 

September  .  20.18 


Total  . $134.90 


The  total  yield  from  April  19  to  Octo¬ 
ber  1  was  4793  pounds.  As  will  be  seen, 
she  averaged  a  little  over  25  pounds 
a  day.  This  is  no  champion  record, 
but  the  cow  suits  us  well.  She  is 
picketed  about  through  the  day  and  has 
garden  wastes  at  night  with  grain.  For 
Winter  feed  we  have  a  good  lot  of 
tender  ctalks  and  a  nice  lot  of  mangels. 
This  crop  has  surprised  me.  I  thought 
it  was  a  hard  one  to  raise.  We  put 
the  seed  in  as  directed.  It  came  up 
slowly  and  the  drought  caught  the 
young  plants.  I  thought  it  was  all  up 
with  them  and  gave  them  little  care 
except  an  occasional  horse  cultivation. 
To  our  surprise  they  lived  through  this 
drought  and  neglect,  shook  themselves 
when  .he  .ains  i-ame  and  are  now  large 
and  thrifty.  The  general  opinion  seems 
to  be  that  mangels  may  be  all  right,  but 
that  it  is  too  much  of  a  nuisance  to 
grow  them.  I  know  they  are  all  right, 
and  this  season  shows  that  the  so- 
called  “bother”  of  raising  them  is 
greatly  overestimated. 

Organic  Matter. — We  keep  coming 
back  to  that  because  each  succeeding 
year  shows-  how  desperately  our  soils 
need  humus.  I  think  the  soil  in  north¬ 
ern  New  Jersey  is  particularly  lacking 
in  organic  matter.  Where  we  have  kept 
on  year  after  year  plowing  under  rye 
o*-  even  weeds  we  see  the  effect  clearly. 
The  soil  does  not  bake  as  it  did,  water 
does  not  run  over  and  wash  it  so  badly, 
it  can  be  worked  earlier,  and  chemical 
f  rtilizers  certainly  give  better  results 
on  it.  This  is  not  a  live  stock  country. 
While  some  of  our  farmers  buy  city 
manure,  I  doubt  the  wisdom  of  doing 
so.  I  fed  sure  that  with  lime  to  start 
clover  and  organic  matter  plowed  un¬ 
der  in  connection  with  fertilizers  we 
can  feed  our  crops  with  greatest  econ¬ 
omy.  There  are  other  sections  where 
this  would  not  be  true,  but  with  us  I 
think  chemicals  and  clover  and  lime 
pay  best.  Yet  there  are  some  crops 
where  it  seems  hard  to  get  in  the  or¬ 
ganic  matter.  Take  our  system  of 
growing  strawberries  in  hills.  It  would 
not  pay  to  start  plants  in  this  way  un¬ 
less  they  can  be  kept  fruiting  for  four 
or  five  years.  In  that  time  the  organic 
matter  will  be  pretty  much  worked  out 
of  the  soil.  We  have  a  hard  soil  which 
in  a  drought  bakes  like  a  brick  around 
the  plants  and  pinches  the  yield  out  of 
them.  Of  course  you  can  use  stable 
manure  for  mulching  and  work  this 
under  in  Spring,  but  this  is  just  the 
way  to  grow  a  prize  crop  of  weeds.  If 
you  have  ever  fought  with  such  a  crop 
in  a  five-year  strawberry  bed  you  know 
what  a  bedfellow  this  stuff  may  be¬ 
come.  It  will  cost  more  to  keep  the 
old  beds  clean  than  they  are  worth.  I 
think  Mr.  D.  L.  Hartman  in  his  article 
on  page  978  got  at  the  remedy.  By 
sowing  oats  all  over  the  bed  in  the  Fall 
you  get  a  good  humus  crop  which  will 
fill  the  soil  with  roots  and  then  die  out 
so  that  no  plowing  in  Spring  would  be 
required.  Turnips  alone  or  with  the 
oats  might  help.  We  have  not  tried 
this,  but  it  looks  like  a  good  way  of 
filling  the  berry  ground  with  humus 
without  disturbing  the  plants  in  Spring. 
In  a  rainy  Fall  like  this  one  the  scheme 
would  have  worked  with  us.  Last  year 
I  think  it  would  have  failed.  H.  w.  c. 


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GREAT  CROP  RESULTS 

from  the  use  of  Martin’s  Animal  Bone  and  Tankage 
Fertilizers  force  us  to  operate  a  third  factory ;  total 
capacity,  200,000  tons.  Seven  large  abattoirs  and 
stockyards  furnish  the  bulk  of  our  raw  materials. 
Agents  and  farmers  constantly  assure  us  that  our 
fertilizers  give  the  best  results  of  any  ever  tested 
and  that  they  sell  more  than  of  any  ever  handled. 
Agents  and  farmers  wanting  strictly  independent 
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THE  RURAL*  NEW-YORKEH 


1031 


Ruralisms 

THE  WHITE  SAPOTA. 

Among  plants  recently  figured  by  the 
Bureau  of  Plant  Introduction  of  the 
U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture  is  the 
white  sapota,  Casimiroa  edulis,  shown 
in  Fig.  413.  Seeds  have  been  received 
from  Honduras.  Professor  Popenoe 
thus  describes  it: 

The  tree  is  handsome,  having  large,  pal¬ 
mate  leaves,  glossy  green  on  the  upper  sur¬ 
face,  and  with  age  forms  a  dense  dome¬ 
shaped  head  of  foliage.  As  an  ornamental 
alone  it  is  of  value,  and  possesses  good 


gathered  from  the  trees,  with  the  re 
suit,  in  public  places,  of  injury  to  the 
trees  and  gathering  before  they  are 
ripe.  Moreover,  few  fruits  do  well 
without  care.  But  nuts  care  for  them¬ 
selves  and  gather  themselves.  Let  us 
make  “Nut  Johnnies”  of  ourselves  and 
plant  nuts  wherever  we  go. 

WM.  C.  DEMING, 

Secretary  Northern  Nut  Growers’  As¬ 
sociation.  _ 

Praise  for  the  Carman  Peach. 

I  notice  in  a  recent  issue  of  The  R.  N.-Y. 
that  the  Hope  Farm  man  speaks  well  of 
the  Carman  peach.  Here  in  the  South  it  is 
also  proving  to  be  a  good  variety.  In  our 
first  commercial  planting  of  1000  trees — 
five  varieties — 750  being  Elbertas,  50  Car¬ 
mans  paid  nearly  as  much  as  the  other  950 
trees  the  first  year  the  orchard  bloomed. 


FRUIT  OF  THE  WHITE  SAPOTA.  Fig.  413. 


possibilities  as  a  street  and  avenue  tree. 
The  fruits  greatly  resemble  in  appearance 
an  apple  or  a  quince,  and  the  better  varie¬ 
ties  are  as  large  as  a  good-sized  apple. 
When  fully  ripe  the  pulp  becomes  quite  soft, 
and  has  been  described  as  of  a  delicious, 
melting,  peach-like  flavor.  The  normal  sea¬ 
son  of  ripening  is  October  and  November, 
but  as  soon  as  the  fruit  is  fully  developed 
It  may  be  picked  and  ripened  in  the  house, 
and  is  then  quite  as  good  as  though  ripened 
on  the  tree. 

The  Bureau  of  Plant  Introduction 
says  that  this  hitherto  almost  neglected 
sub-tropical  tree,  with  greenish-yellow 
fruit  sometimes  three  inches  in  diam¬ 
eter,  is  well  adapted  to  Southern  Cali¬ 
fornia  and  Southern  Florida,  and  pos¬ 
sibly  will  succeed  in  protected  areas  in 
Southern  Texas  and  Louisiana.  The 
pulp  has  a  rich  sub-acid  taste  and  is 
most  palatable  when  somewhat  overripe. 
The  thick  skin  will  probably  make  long 
shipments  possible.  The  tree  is  said  not 
to  root  well  from  cuttings,  but  to  grow 
well  from  seeds.  Trees  in  Southern 
California  have  attained  the  age  of  80 
years,  and  though  neglected,  have  borne 
fruit  regularly  for  years.  The  illustra¬ 
tion  is  much  reduced  in  size.  Baron 
Von  Mueller  says  this  tree  succeeds  in 
Mexico  up  to  the  cool  heights  of  7,000 
feet,  the  tree  coining  into  bearing  in  10 
years.  The  kernel  is  said  to  be  dele¬ 
terious.  _ 

A  Plea  For  Nut  Planting. 

About  planting  roadside  shade  trees : 
That  good  man,  the  late  Andrew  S. 
Fuller,  pleaded  earnestly  for  the  plant¬ 
ing  of  roadside  trees,  useful  as  well  as 
ornamental,  and  especially  for  nut 
trees.  The  importance  of  nuts  as  a 
source  of  food  supply  in  the  future  is 
just  beginning  to  have  consideration. 
Picture  *our  miles  of  roadside  lined 
with  bearing  nut  trees,  needing  no  care 
and  yielding  abundant  crops  free  to  all. 
How  much  will  the  earth’s  bounty  be 
increased  when  the  majority  of  our 
shade  trees  are  food  and  timber  pro¬ 
ducing  as  well?  A  few  specimens  of 
purely  ornamental  trees  may  be  here 
and  there  permitted. 

_  To  have  such  useful  trees  is  the 
simplest  thing  in  the  world.  Take  a 
lot  of  Black  walnuts  and  hickory  nuts, 
walk  along  the  roadsides  and  stick  in 
a  nut  every  little  way.  Poke  them  in 
tvith  a  stick  or  stamp  them  in  with  the 
heel.  A  majority  will  grow.  Butter- 
huts,  Japanese  walnuts,  perhaps  the  Co- 
rean  chestnut,  may  be  used  in  the  same 
way,  but  it  is  useless  to  plant  our 
native  _  chestnuts  while  the  chestnut 
blight  is  so  certain  to  destroy  the  trees, 
bruit  trees  along  roadsides  are  not  so 
£ood,  for  most  fruits  have  to  be 


The  tree  is  a  good  grower,  blooms  two  to 
three  weeks  later  than  Elberta.  One  could 
almost  afford  to  plant  it  for  the  beauty  of 
its  blossoms,  and  in  this  latitude  (Central 
Arkansas)  it  is  nearly  frost-proof.  This 
year  I  received  $1  net  per  four-basket  crate, 
some  of  my  trees  paying  $4  to  $5,  second 
year  of  bearing.  Elbertas  and  most  other 
varieties  were  killed  by  frost  March  16. 
We  have  “horticultural  wonders’’  and 
“Wizard”  trees,  for  which  we  paid  from  50 
cents  to  $1  each,  with  circulars  and  guff 
galore  thrown  in,  yet  at  picking  time  Car¬ 
man  has  never  failed  to  pay  more  than  any 
other  variety  we  have,  bar  none.  Planted 
to  the  extent  of  Elberta  it  might  not  keep 
up  this  record,  but  up  to  the  capacity  of 
our  market  and  for  express  shipments  200 
to  400  miles  we  find  nothing  in  this  lati¬ 
tude  to  surpass  it.  We  do  not  think  anyone 
can  go  far  wrong  in  planting  Carman. 

Arkansas.  john  h.  pekriman. 


LOOMIS  CORN  HUSKER 


Run  by  3  H.  P. 
Husk  25  bushels 
an  hour. 

Price  on  application. 

L.  R.  LOOMIS 

Claverack,  N.  Y. 


Buy  Roofing  Now 
At  Big  Cash  Savings 

Greatest  values  ever  offered.  Prove  it. 
Samples  of  rubber  and  flint-coated  Unito 
Proofing  and  book  free.  Test  and  compare 
with  others.  We  sell  direct  from  our  im¬ 
mense  factories— no  middlemen.  We  give 
you  Higher  Quality  and  Lower  Prices 
than  anyone  else.  Write  now  for  money- 
saving  oHers  on  all  styles  of 


U  INI  I  i  u  108  S  Fh 

Roofing  and  Siding  from  80c  up,  '• 

^  ~er  roll,  v - J -  ■»' 

only 


ROLL 


per  roll.  No  money  down.  Pay 
“  ii satisfied.  Thousands 

dealing  with  us.  We  save  them 'money. 
Why  not  you  ?Write  for  big  combination 
catalog.  Roofer’s  Guide, Samplesand 
Prices.  United  Factories  Co. 
Dept.  3 1 -A  Cleveland,  O, 


SAVE  HALF  THE  LABOR  I 


in  sawing  wood.  You  can  do 
this  and  at  the  same  time, 
cut  more  wood  in  a  given 
r>  time  than  in  any  other  way 
-j  by  using 

- - - a 


TM  IRELAND  WOOD 
'SAWING  MACHINE 

Table  is  mounted  on  grooved  rolls,  moves 
easily — cut  of  saw  is  down  instead  of 
against  the  operator  as  in  old  style  ma¬ 
chines.  Must  bo  seen  to  be  appreciated.  We  also 
manufacture  Drag  Saws,  Saw  and  Shingle  Mills. 
«et  our  prices  on  Canvas  Belting;  they  will  surprise  you! 
Send  for  prices  and  full  information.  “Ask  about  Hoists.’’ 

Ireland  Machine  &  Foundry  Co..14  State  St., Norwich, N.  Y. 


Thirty-six”  Touring  Car 
5-passenger, — $1800 

Long  stroke  motor,  Chalmers  self-starter, 
four  forward  speeds,  Bosch  dual  igni¬ 
tion,  Solar  gas  lamps  and  Prest-O-Lite 
tank,  ventilated  fore-doors,  36x4-inch 
tires.  Continental  demountable  rims 


You  Buy  a  Chalmers  Car 
“Worth  the  Money” 


FIFTEEN  thousand  satis¬ 
fied  owners  furnish  proof 
that  in  buying  a  Chalmers  you 
buy  a  car  worth  the  money. 1 

Utmost  value  at  the  price — one 
price  to  all — and  service  guaran¬ 
teed  is  the  Chalmers  policy.  We 
have  been  unable  to  find  any 
brand  of  salesmanship  equal  to 
quality  in  the  goods,  or  any  sort  of 
advertising  one-half  so  effective  as 
good  words  spoken  by  those  who 
know  the  merit  of  Chalmers  cars. 

The  Chalmers  “30”  holds  the 
world’s  speed  record  for  cars  of  its 
class.  It  holds  the  national  relia¬ 
bility  record — winning  the  Glidden 
Tour  of  1910 — the  hardest  motor 
contest  ever  held. 

*  Last  year  the  Chalmers^“30,” 
fully  equipped,  cost  $1750.  This 
year,  with  the  1912  improvements, 
equipped  with  thoroughly  venti¬ 
lated  fore-door  bodies,  inside  control 
magneto,  gas  lamps,  Prest-O-Lite 
tank,  including  also  Chalmers  mohair 
top  and  automatic  wind¬ 
shield,  it  is  offered  at  $1500! 

The  Chalmers  “30”  has 
always  been  noted  for  ex¬ 
cellence  of  design ;  grace  of 
line;  beauty  of  finish.  But 
it  has  been  the  sturdiness 
of  its  motor  and  transmis¬ 
sion;  the  strength  in  its 


This  monogram  on  the  I 
'  '  ■'  alt  | 


radiator  stands  Jbr  all , 
you  can  asA  in  a  motor  c©^ 


wheels  and  frame, its  all-around  dura¬ 
bility  that  has  counted  most  in  main¬ 
taining  its  leadership  in  its  class. 

In  addition  to  the  Chalmers  “30” 
this  season,  we  offer  the  new  model 
“Thirty-six”  at  $1800.  This  car 
represents  a  development  along  the 
line  of  increased  size  and  power. 

We  ask  you  to  compare  the 
“Thirty-six”  with  any  5-passenger 
car  at  any  price.  Motor  gives  40 
h.  p.  in  tests;  four  forward  speed 
transmission;  Chalmers  self-starter; 
demountable  rims;  finished  like  the 
costliest  cars;  thoroughly  proved. 

We  believe  no  one  more  than  the 
farmer  knows  that  quality  means 
economy.  Every  successful  farmer 
has  learned  this  from  his  experience 
with  farm  machinery. 

What  is  true  of  the  binder,  the 
reaper,  or  the  threshing  machine  is 
doubly  true  of  the  latest  and  great¬ 
est  machine  yet  invented  for  farm 
use — the  practical  automobile. 

When  you  buy  a  Chalmers  you 
discount  the  first  cost  by  its  known 
durability.  It  is  always 
“Guaranteed  Sound.” 

We  ask  you  to  inspect 
the  new  Chalmers  cars  at 
our  dealer’s.  A  postal  card 
or  letter  will  give  you  our 
new  catalog  and  any  fur¬ 
ther  information  you  may 
desire  on  Chalmers  cars. 


Chalmers  Motor  Company,  Detroit,  Micfc 


The  One  Spray  Pump  That  Maintains  100 
Lbs.  Pressure  and  Can  Be  Operated  Easily 

PORCELAIN-LINED,  NON-CORROSIVE  CYLINDER;  IN¬ 
DESTRUCTIBLE  BELL- METAL  REVERSIBLE  BALL- 
VALVES;  NO  STUFFING  BOX  OR  OUTSIDE  PACKING. 

In  the  illustration  at  the  right,  note  the  powerful  spring  shown  at  A. 
As  you  pull  the  handle  you  compress  the  spring  only.  When  you  push 
it  back  the  spring  expands  and  helps  you  force  the  liquid  into  the  air- 
chamber — lessening  labor  by  a  third.  By  pulling  out  two  cotter  pins,  B, 
and  releasing  four  nuts,  C,  you  can  pull  out  the  plunger.  By  releasing 
set  screw,  D,  you  can  open  valve-chamber  and  take  out  both  valves, 
seats  and  all. 

Write  for  new  catalog  of  the  most  economical  and  efficient 
line  of  high-pressure  hand  and  power  sprayers  made. 

Many  great  improvements  over  all  former  models. 


C5p 


THE  BEAN  SPRAY  PUMP  COMPANY 

739  ST.  CLAIR  AVENUE,  N.  W.  CLEVELAND,  OHIO 


MAGIC  SPRAY  PUMP  No.  9 
Read  description  at  left. 


TO  KILL 


San  Jose  Scale 

USE 

Bergenport  Brand  Sulphur 

Tlie  best  sulphur  for  Lime  Sulphur  Solution. 
Combines  easily  and  quickly  with  lime.  Write  to 

T.  &  S.  C.  WHITE  &  CO. 
IJEKGENPORT  SULPHUR  WORKS 
100  William  Street,  New  York 


San  Jose  Scale  Killer 

KIL-O-SCALE  is  the  most  reliable  rem¬ 
edy  for  Scale.  Ready  for  use  by  simply 
mixing  with  water.  Also  Lime,  Sulphur 
and  Spraying  Outfits.  Write  for  cata¬ 
logue. 

Henry  A.  Dreer,  Philadelphia,  Pa 

SURE  CURE  FOR  SAN  JOSE  SCALE 

CHEAPEST  and  BEST 

Jarvis  Spraying  Compound  has  no  superior.  Buy 
from  the  manufacturers  direct  and  save  money.  A 
gallon  of  Jarvis  Spraying  Compound  makes  1G  gal¬ 
lons  of  spray.  Compound  ready  to  mix  with  water. 

Sold  in  bbl.  lots  (50  gal.),  30c.  per  gallon.  Refer¬ 
ences— J.  H.  Hale,  the  “Peach  King.”  or  Prof. 
Jarvis  of  the  Conn.  Agricultural  College.  They 
will  tell  you  there  is  nothing  better. 

THE  j.  T.  ROBERTSON  CO..  Box  W,  MANCHESTER,  CONN, 


f  Boils  Quickly  —  Uses  Little  Fuel 

*  Two  features  cookers  ought  to  have,  and 

F  armers’  F  a  vorite 

Feed  Cookers  and  Agricultural  Boilers 

do  have.  Burn  any  fuel — cook  any  feed 
quickly.  Will  work  to  your  satisfaction 
or  we  refund  money.  Send  for  Catalog. 
Sizes  range  from  25-gal.  to  100-gal. 

Lewis  Mfg.  Co.  Box  C.,  Cortland,  N.  V. 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE- 


^fniixzx^ 


.  .  .  MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY  .  ,  . 

*The  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Send  for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  “Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


HAVE  YOU 
CONQUERED 
SAN  JOSE  SCALE  ? 


OTen^lathlnteeRUfiCa^'Se;Lleei!i^’t,nrSfaIee’do’i’  for  le.ss  money,  with  loss  effort,  and  more  effectively  than  with  Lime-Sulfur 
i  kealecide  may  be  mixed  anywhere,  m  any  kind  of  a  tank  or  barrol  that  is  clean.  “Scalecide”  does 

“Scaledde”  \vUlPriot  Fniure  Um  most°(lo  the  pum?s  work  very  much  easier,  with  less  labor,  wear  and  tear. 

use  of  ‘‘Beaiectda/^and^UMes*8 lab^r^m^less^xpehs^^Let'n^prove^hes/statements^^A  by  th’e-C01lti’n’?e«l 

will  brmt?  von  hv  rAf.nrn  m iii  1  nm.  * r  o yo  i-nes e  sea cements.  A  posta 


103  2 

The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  rAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journnl  lor  Country  and  Suburban  Homed 

Established  tsso 

Published  we«kly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 
Herbert  W.  Colling wood,  President  and  Editor. 

JOHN  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Roylb,  Associate  Editor. 


SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  $2.04.  equal  to  8s.  6d. ,  or 
8M  marks,  or  10X  franca  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  us  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  hacked  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  Rut  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not,  guarantee  to  adjust  t’-iliing  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  wo  bo 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  l  icntioned  Tfie  RURAL  N£w-Y  or.KKit 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

It  will  pay  you  to  keep  the  pictures  of  nursery 
trees  shown  in  this  issue.  Have  them  on  hand  when 
you  order  and  when  the  stock  arrives.  We  have  not 
seen  clearer  pictures  of  the  different  grades  of  trees 
anywhere.  During  the  coming  season  it  will  be  our 
ambition  to  give  the  facts  about  nursery  trees,  how 
they  are  grown,  packed,  osold  and  planted.  While 
millions  of  such  trees  are  bought  each  year,  few 
of  the  buyers  seem  to  know  how  they  are  produced 
and  sold.  We  are  going  to  try  to  tell,  in  order  that 
our  readers  may  be  able  to  buy  the  best  trees  at  a 
fair  price.  Keep  these  pictures  where  you  can  look 
at  them  from  time  to  time. 

* 

During  the  past  few  days  there  have  been  over  a 
dozen  questions  about  the  commercial  value  of  silage. 
It  seems  that  considerable  silage  will  be  offered  for 
sale.  What  is  a  fair  price  for  it?  In  actual  com¬ 
position  average  silage  is  usually  not  worth  more 
than  one-fifth  as  much  as  good  hay.  Its  succulent 
quality  gives  it  a  peculiar  value  for  cattle,  and  the 
usual  plan  is  to  call  the  silage  in  the  silo  worth  30 
per  cent  as  much  as  hay  in  the  mow.  Thus  if  barn 
hay  will  bring  $15  per  ton,  silage  in  the  same  barn 
should  bring  $4.50.  Remember  that  these  comparative 
prices  are  for  the  product  in  silo  and  barn  or  stock. 
You  cannot  fairly  compare  baled  hay  at  the  station 
with  silage  in  the  silo. 

* 

The  city  of  Winnipeg  in  western  Canada  will  soon 
be  prepared  to  sell  electric  power.  The  city  has  built 
a  great  power  plant  costing  $2,250,000,  capable  of  gen¬ 
erating  100,000  horse  power.  This  will  be  rented  for 
light,  heat  and  power  at  cheaper  rates  than  private 
corporations  have  charged.  All  through  the  hilly  por¬ 
tions  of  the  country  are  streams  which  give  oppor¬ 
tunity  for  power.  Large  corporate  interests  have  been 
quietly  at  work  securing  control  of  these  powers. 
They  should  be  left  free  for  country  use.  There  is 
no  reason  why  farmers  living  in  100  square  miles  or 
more  of  territory  should  not  combine,  secure  control 
of  a  water  power  and  supply  themselves  with  light 
and  power.  This  is  what  ought  to  be  and  what  will 
be  when  farmers  learn  to  cooperate  and  operate  away 
from  the  politicians. 

* 

U.  S.  Consul  John  L.  Griffiths,  of  England,  tells 
of  a  wonderful  new  device  for  carrying  the  human 
voice  for  long  distances.  No  wires  or  elaborate  in¬ 
struments  are  required.  The  inventor,  Mr.  Grindell 
Matthews,  recently  gave  a  severe  test : 

lie  was  placed  in  the  strong  room  of  a  big  London  com¬ 
mercial  house  and  locked  in.  with  nine  inches  of  armor 
steel,  nine  inches  of  fire  brick,  and  six  feet  of  concrete 
between  him  and  the  outer  world.  By  means  of  his  small 
portable  apparatus  he  carried  on  a  conversation  with  an 
operator  in  another  room  on  the  farther  side  of  the  build¬ 
ing.  So  distinct  and  faithful  was  the  transmission  that 
the  experts  in  attendance  were  actually  able  to  hear  the 
tick  of  his  watch,  notwithstanding  the  almost  impen¬ 
etrable  mass  between  the  two  instruments. 

He  now  proposes  to  make  another  test  through  five 
miles  of  solid  rock.  The  instrument  is  called  the 

aerophone.  It  seems  as  if  the  principle  of  this  in¬ 
strument  may  be  used  to  aid  the  deaf.  Thus  far 

electric  devices  on  the  principle  of  a  telephone  are  the 
most  useful  aids  to  the  hearing.  Perhaps  this  in¬ 
strument  may  go  further  and  give  greater  aid.  To 
the  deaf  it  seems  something  of  an  injustice  that  while 
little  has  been  done  to  aid  them,  limited  vision  has 
been  made  endurable.  The  ordinary  “deafness  cure” 
is  the  most  profitable  of  all  medical  fakers,  and  in 
mentioning  the  new  device  we  warn  our  friends 
against  the  frauds  who  will  claim  to  supply  it. 


THE;  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

Just  before  the  New  York  Legislature  adjourned 
there  was  a  bitter  fight  over  a  primary  nomination 
bill.  Gov.  Dix  was  determined  that  the  Democrats 
should  redeem  their  pledge  to  the  people.  The  party 
leaders  knew  that  the  pledge  was  a  piece  of  buncombe 
which  they  never  expected  to  face.  We  understand 
that  Gov.  Dix  called  in  these  leaders  and  at  last 
roused  to  fierce  anger.  When  they  found  that  some¬ 
thing  must  be  done  the  “leaders”  of  both  parties 
quietly  worked  changes  and  amendments  into  the 
bill  which  left  it  with  little  force.  A  bill  was  finally 
passed  and  the  “statesmen”  went  home.  What  the 
Democrats  finally  did  was  to  make  about  the  poorest 
primary  law  that  could  be  suggested  in  the  hope  that 
the  people  would  be  fools  enough  to  accept  the 
“pledge.”  The  Republicans  passed  no  bill  at  all  and 
boasted  of  it ! 

* 

You  must  read  that  letter  on  first  page  telling  how 
Mayor  .Samuel  L.  Shank,  of  Indianapolis,  broke  the 
middlemen’s  combine  by  buying  potatoes  direct  from 
the  grower.  What  the  mayor  did  was  to  demonstrate 
that  good  potatoes  could  be  sold  for  less  than  half 
what  the  dealers  were  charging.  The  producer  got 
about  50  cents  for  his  potatoes  while  the  dealers  were 
holding  up  the  consumers  for  $1.60.  That  gives  the 
grower  a  31-cent  dollar!  The  mayjjr  handled  and 
sold  these  potatoes  for  six  cents  a  bushel.  No  one 
expects  the  dealers  to  do  that  and  pay  all  the  ex¬ 
penses  of  an  established  business — but  they  were 
charging  91  cents  instead  of  six.  Mayor  Shank  is 
convinced  that  “he  is  on  the  right  track.’*  You  are 
right,  he  is.  We  do  not  know  what  party  he  belongs 
to.  and  we  do  not  care,  hut  if  he  will  keep  on  pelting 
holes  through  combines  with  potatoes  we  would  like 
to  see  that  track  lead  higher  up.  One  car  load  of 
potatoes  run  over  a  monopoly  is  worth  a  train  load 
of  political  theory. 

* 

We  have  induced  the  leading  morning  paper  here  (Erie, 
Pa.)  to  take  up  and  push  the  municipal  market  house  idea, 
and  they  have  had  several  hot  editorials  along  that  line. 
We  have  a  mayoralty  election  next  month,  and  we  propose 
to  make  one  or  all  the  candidates  come  out  in  favor  of 
the  ‘‘producer-consumer”  alliance.  b.  t. 

This  is  the  way  things  are  going  all  over  the  coun¬ 
try.  “The  high  cost  of  living”  has  been  charged  up 
to  the  farmers,  and  consumers  actually  believe  farm¬ 
ers  are  getting  rich.  Anything  that  will  bring  con¬ 
sumer  and  producer  closer  together  will  benefit  both 
and  help  destroy  one  of  the  most  harmful  beliefs  of 
modern  times.  There  seems  to  have  been  a  well- 
organized  campaign  to  rob  both  producer  and  con¬ 
sumer.  At  the  same  time  this  “back  to  the  land” 
crusade  has  been  built  up  on  the  false  theory  that 
farmers  were  getting  a  fair  share  of  the  consumer’s 
dollar.  All  over  the  country,  as  at  Erie,  Pa.,  farmers 
and  their  friends  are  making  an  issue  of  the  public 

market  place.  It  is  a  great  idea. 

* 

On  page  859  was  an  article  “The  Story  of  Lime,” 
which  has  attracted  considerable  attention.  In  it  the 
statement  was  made  that  lime  dust  was  supplied  at  an 
Illinois  penitentiary  at  60  cents  per  ton.'  Many  of 
our  readers  have  asked  further  information.  This 
penitentiary  is  located  at  Menard.  The  lime  dust  is 
prepared  by  convict  labor  and  is  actually  sold  f.  o.  b. 
at  the  prison  yard  at  60  cents  per  ton  in  bulk,  or  $1 
per  ton  in  100  pound  sacks.  As  for  freight  rates,  the 
prison  authorities  say: 

The  railroads  have  made  a  very  low  rate  on  this 

fertilizer.  Each  road  over  which  the  dust  is  shipped 

charges  25  cents  per  ton  if  the  distance  hauled  is  less 
than  50  miles.  If  over  50  miles  the  charge  of  each  road 
is  one-half  cent  per  ton  per  mile,  except  the  roads  in 

class  “B,”  which  includes  the  I.  S.  and  the  W.  C.  &  W. 

Rys.,  which  are  allowed  to  charge  5  per  cent  above  the 
one-half  cent  per  mile. 

One  of  our  readers  at  South  Haven,  Mich.,  wrote 
for  prices  and  was  told  that  the  freight  to  his  place 
would  be  $3.20  per  ton,  which  is  practically  a  pro¬ 
hibitive  price.  From  the  penitentiary  to  Chicago  is 
about  380  miles,  which  would  make  the  freight  $1.90 
per  ton  on  shipments.  Outside  of  the  State  the  rates 
are  evidently  higher.  Here  is  a  case  where  the  freight 
is  over  five  times  the  cost  of  the  lime. 

* 

The  value  of  cooperative  selling  by  the  producer 
is  shown  by  the  experience  of  florists  in  the  neigh¬ 
borhood  of  New  York.  All  the  evils  of  which  the 
farmer  complains  have  been  experienced  by  flower 
growers  who  sell  through  commission  men,  and 
added  to  them  are  some  specially  exasperating  fea¬ 
tures  incident  to  this  line  of  trade  alone.  After 
some  preliminary  hard  sledding  one  of  these  coopera¬ 
tive  selling  agencies  is  now  giving  most  satisfactory 
results  to  the  group  of  growers  concerned,  the  ex¬ 
pense  of  handling  the  flowers  being,  we  are  told, 
about  nine  per  cent.  The  concern  pays  dividends, 
and  there  are  no  bad  debts,  because  sales  are  only 
made  to  retailers  who  are  sure  pay.  The  stock  is 
carefully  graded,  and  its  character  attracts  the  best 


October  21, 

class  of  buyers.  It  is  quite  just  to  say  that  had  the 
middleman  treated  the  producer  honestly,  the  flower 
growers  never  would  have  considered  the  cooperative 
handling  of  their  product.  It  was  the  continued  ab¬ 
sorption  of  profit  by  greedy  non-producers  that  turned 
their  thoughts  to  cooperative  selling.  The  compact 
organization  of  the  flower  trade  generally  through 
city,  State  and  national  societies,  brings  them  closer 
together  than  many  other  lines  of  industry,  and  tends 
toward  a  wider  cooperation. 

* 

What  do  you  think  of  a  man  like  .Tames  Wilson  for 
U.  S.  Secretary  of  Agriculture?  ITe  seems  to  think 
that  the  welfare  of  the  large  “manufacturing  interests” 
is  more  important  than  the  health  and  safety  of  our 
entire  population.  Ills  desire  to  curry  favor  with  the 
“large  interests”  is  pretty  well  evidenced  by  the  fact 
that  he  has  accepted  the  honorary  presidency  of  the  great 
brewers’  convention.  Heaven  help  us  wheu  we  come  to  this 
state  of  affairs !  I  should  about  as  soon  expect  to  see 
The  Rural  New-Yorker  carrying  beer  and  whisky  adver¬ 
tisements  as  to  see  a  member  of  our  President’s  Cabinet, 
and  holding  the  important  office  of  Secretary  of  Agriculture, 
acting  as  president  of  a  brewers’  convention.  What  do  you 
think  of  it?  g.  d.  l. 

We  do  not  like  to  think  about  it.  Some  of  the  acts 
of  Secretary  James  Wilson  do  not  lead  to  cheerful 
thinking.  In  the  early  years  of  his  service  Mr.  Wil¬ 
son  did  good  work.  He  organized  the  Department, 
collected  a  group  of  very  able  men,  and  certainly 
succeeded  in  working  large  appropriations  through 
Congress.  He  is  as  shrewd  a  politician  as  ever  sat 
in  a  President’s  Cabinet.  Of  late  years,  like  many 
other  “great  leaders,”  he  seems  to  have  thought  it 
better  politics  to  cater  to  the  “large  interests”  rather 
than  to  the  people.  Throughout  the  so-called  inves¬ 
tigation  of  Dr.  Wiley  Mr.  Wilson’s  sympathies  were 
evidently  with  the  conspirators  who  have  worked  for 
years  underground  and  in  back  alleys  for  Dr.  Wiley’s 
removal.  As  for  the  brewers’  convention,  it  is  a 
question  whether  the  Secretary’s  position  is  any  more 
pififul  than  the  reasons  he  gives  for  accepting  the 
“honor.”  The  R.  N.-Y.  takes  the  position  that  the 
President  should  have  the  right  to  select  and  retain 
whom  he  pleases  for  his  Cabinet.  President  Taft, 
therefore,  and  not  the  American  farmer,  is  respon¬ 
sible  for  Secretary  Wilson. 

* 

We  have  often  stated  that  The  R.  N.-Y.  is  really 
edited  by  its  readers.  We  doubt  if  there  is  a  paper 
in  this  country  which  more  thoroughly  enjoys  the 
confidence  of  its  readers,  or  is  in  closer*  communica¬ 
tion  With  them.  Thus  it  happens  that  our  editorial 
expressions  are  usually  framed  about  a  text  from 
some  clear-headed  and  honest  reader.  Many  of  their 
letters  express  what  we  wish  to  say  better  than  we 
can  do  it  ourselves.  We  take  special  pleasure  in  the 
following: 

I  had  the  pleasure,  about  a  year  or  so  ago,  of  meeting 
you  at  the  office  of  The  R.  N.-Y".,  although  I  was  not  suc¬ 
cessful  in  my  mission,  which  was  at  that  time  an  adver¬ 
tisement  to  be  inserted  in  The  R.  N.-Y'.  relative  to  the 
six  per  cent,  bonds  of  a  mortgage  company  which  1  repre¬ 
sented.  You  absolutely  refused  to  puDlish  the  advertise¬ 
ment.  Now,  I  want  to  say  that  your  rerusal  to  comply 
with  my  request  did  not  in  the  least  lessen  the  friendship 
which  has  unconsciously  sprung  up  between  you  and  my¬ 
self  as  a  reader  of  your  paper.  When  I  found  a  paper 
that  scrutinized  its  advertisements  as  carefully  as  you  do 
I  was  convinced  that  you  were  a  good  sort  of  a  man  to 
know,  and  Txie  R.  N.-Y’.  a  good  sort  of  a  paper  to  read. 

II.  M.  B. 

That  man  left  this  office  convinced  that  The  R. 
N.-Y.  is  run  in  the  interests  of  its  readers  first  of  all. 
Our  advertising  space  is  for  sale,  and  we  recognize 
the  value  and  legitimate  place  of  the  advertiser.  We 
want  him  to  be  a  real  friend  and  helper  to  our 
readers,  but  in  our  plan  and  policy  the  subscriber 
comes  first.  We  will  not  stand  for  concealed  ad¬ 
vertisements  or  special  privileges,  but  we  attempt  to 
give  all  honest  men  a  fair  showing  in  our  columns. 
Now  we  find  that  this  policy,  lived  up  to  squarely, 
is  appreciated  by  advertisers  as  well  as  by  readers. 
The  letter  quoted  above  fairly  expresses  the  sentiment 

of  those  who  do  business  with  The  R.  N.-Y. 

_ _  * 

BREVITIES. 

How  much  does  it  cost  to  get  a  35-cent  dollar? 

Tiie  production  of  lime  last  year  was  3,500,000  tons. 

Last  year  $4,234.(562  worth  of  grind  and  scythe  stones 
were  bought  in  this  country  ! 

A  late  yellow  peach !  What  is  your  experience  with 
any  of  the  following — October,  Marshall,  Willett  and 
Bilyeu  ? 

If  for  any  reason  you  find  it  necessary  to  set  out  or 
transplant  trees  in  the  early  Fall  strip  off  the  leaves  be¬ 
fore  you  leave  them. 

The  first  legal  case  of  a  farmer  against  a  flying  machine 
has  been  brought  in  England.  An  aeroplane  came  down 
in  a  field  of  barley  and  did  considerable  damage.  The 
farmer  has  brought  suit. 

Sweet  gale  (Myriea  Gale),  a  familiar  wild  shrub  In 
rather  arid  places,  is  now  included  among  the  plants  pos¬ 
sessing  the  power  of  fixing  nitrogen  through  root  bacteria. 
A  number  of  plants  other  than  legumes  possess  this  power. 


1911. 


THE  Rl  IKAIj  NEW-YORKER 


1033 


RUGS*  CURTAILS 


FURNITURE 


STOVES 


PLUMBING 


\ 


HARDWARE 

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1 1  1 1 1 1  i  li  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  ii  1 1 1 


Manufacturers’  Outlet  Sale 


of  Building  Materials  and  Home  F urnishings 


We,  The  Manufacturers  Outlet  Company  of  Buffalo,  have  undertaken  to  sell  the  surplus  stock 
of  a  certain  group  of  large  manufacturers  who  are  content  to  get  out  of  these  goods  the  money  they  have  in  them. 
They  ask  no  profit  whatever.  Rather  than  carry  this  merchandise  over  till  next  season  and  pay  interest,  taxes, 
storage  and  insurance,  they  choose  to  sell  at  factory  cost.  We  therefore  offer 

Two  Kill  Hon  Dollars’  Worth  of  New 
Merchandise  at  45o  on  the  Dollar! 

Forty-five  cents  at  this  great  sale  buys  as  much  these  days  of  high-priced  Building  Materials  and  Home  Furnishings, 
as  a  dollar  will  buy  at  any  store  in  your  home  town.  In  other  We  guarantee  all  goods  to  be  first-class,  and  we  also  guarantee 
words,  your  money  just  now  goes  more  than  twice  as  far  as  it  safe,  prompt  delivery, 
usually  does.  That’s  a  big  saving  and  one  well  worth  making  in  Your  money  back  if  not  satisfied. 

Goods  of  Best  Quality— No  " Seconds' 

Do  not  think,  because  of  the  low  prices  we  quote  here  and  in  our  catalog, 

just  out,  that  we  are  selling  “seconds”  or  shelf-worn  or  out-of-date  merchandise.  We  handle  no 
rubbish  from  Receivers’  or  Sheriffs’  Sales,  no  “junk”  from  wrecked  buildings,  no  damaged  Fire  Sale  Merchan¬ 
dise.  Our  goods  are  all  bright  and  fresh,  new,  up-to-date,  the  best  product  of  America’s  best  factories. 

Everything  to  Build  and  Furnish 
the  Home! 


There  are  more  than  2,000  separate  bar¬ 
gains  included  in  this  great  sale,  at  which 
is  offered  almost  everything  imaginable  in  the  way  of  House 
Furnishings  and  Bnilding  Materials.  The  bargains  shown  here 
are  but  a  drop  in  the  bucket  compared  with  those  shown  in  our 
catalog.  If  you  don’t  see  just  what  you  want  pictured  on  this 

page,  write  u«  anyway.  The 
chances  are  100  to  1  that  we 
have  the  very  articles  you 
need,  and  if  we  have  we  will 
save  you  55%  on  them. 


ROOFING,  63c 

Nalls  and  Cement  FREE 

l-ply  Rubber  Roof¬ 
ing:.  remnants,  per 
108  sq.  ft..  63c;  2-ply, 
remnants,  73c;  3-ply, 
remnants.  83c. 

1-ply  Rubber  Roof¬ 
ing:,  unlimited  amts., 
98c;  2-ply,  unlimited 
amounts,  $1.26;  3-ply, 
at  unlimited  amounts. 
'  $1.54. 

This  roofing:  Is  fully 
guaranteed  to  be  of 
the  »ery  highest 
quality — resists  fire, 
water,  snow,  hail, 
heat,  cold  and  acids; 
needs  no  painting:; 
easy  to  lay  as  car¬ 
pet;  no  tools  needed 
but  hammer. 

For  Corrugated  Roofing,  see 
special  prices  in  our  catalog. 


Stoves  “Dirt  Cheap” 

Eleven  hundred 
handsome  new 
stoves,  direct 
from  Michigan 
factories.  We 
are  authorized 
to  sell  these 
at  35c  on 
the  dollar. 
Includes 
Cooking: 
Stoves,  Rang¬ 
es,  Wood  Heat¬ 
ers,  Coal  Heat¬ 
ers  and  Base  Burners — all  going 
at  half-prices.  Don't  think  of 
buying:  a  stove  of  any  kind  till 
you’ve  got  our  prices.  We  guar¬ 
antee  every  stove  to  be  a  fuel- 
saver  and  to  give  lasting  satis¬ 
faction.  Get  the  catalog. 


New  Bargain  Catalog  Now 
Ready— Send  for  It 

We  are  placing  our  new  Bargain  Catalog  in  every 
home  in  this  country.  Don’t  fail  to  send  for  your 
copy  at  once.  Simply  send  us  the  coupon  below — 
or  even  a  postal  with  your  name  on  it  will  do.  We 
prepay  postage  on  catalogs  to  all  points  within  the 
United  States  boundaries. 

Remember,  we  guarantee  quality,  low  price, 

prompt  de¬ 
livery  and 
permanent 
satisfaction. 


Rugs  and 
Curtains  j 
at  HALF1 
PRICE!  * 

Buy  your  Hugs, 

Curtains,  Lino¬ 
leum,  eto.,  of  us 
and  furnish  two 
rooms  at  the  usual 
coet  of  one.  Our 
patterns  are  all 
now  and  of  latest 
design.  Our  agree¬ 
ment  with  this 
manufacturer  is  to  get  $30,000  cash  for  him  in  20 
days.  To  make  snro,  wo  have  slashed  pricqa  down 
to  utmost  nothing.  Think  of  buying  a  beautiful 
6x9  rug,  like  here  shown,  for  SS.S9.  This  rng  is 
one  of  tho  beat  genuine  Tapestry  rugs  sold,  a  beau¬ 
tiful  rose  floral  design  worked  on  a  green  center. 
This  rug  is  seamless  and  will  outlast  the  sewed 
or  seamed  rug  by  years. 

Hume  quality  in  9x12  mgs,  only  SI 0.86. 


Do  You  Need  Any 
of  These  Things? 

In  this  sale  of  merchandise  at  45c  on 
the  dollar  are  included: 


Lumber  of  all  kinds 
Mill  work,  Windows 
Doors,  Balusters,  etc. 
Wall  Board 

Paints  and  Paint  Brushes 
Roofing — Tarred,  Rub¬ 
ber,  Corrugated  SteeL 
Steel  Brick  Siding 
Pipes  and  Fittings 
Boilers 


Radiators 
Hardware  Supplies 
Staves,  Ranges 
Heaters 

Furniture — Chairs, 
Desks,  Dressers, 
Couches,  Beds,  etc. 
Rugs,  Curtains 
Washing  Machines 
Plumbing  Outfits 


In  short,  everything  to  build  a  home 
and  furnish  it  comfortably. 


House  Paint, $12§ 


Paint  your  buildings  now, 
■while  the  weather’s  fine 
and  good  paint  is  cheap. 
Genuine  Buffalo,  Ready- 
Mixed,  Guaranteed 
House  Paint,  only  $1.06 
per  gallon  In  5-gallon 
cans !  Regular  price 
$2.25  per  gallon.  Buf¬ 
falo  House  Paint  is 
guaranteed  to  cover  more  square  feet, 
surface  for  surface,  per  gallon  than 
any  other.  Does  not  flake  or  crack. 

Wears  like  Iron,  preserves  buildings 
and  makes  them  look  most  attractive. 

Barn  Paint,  78c 

Best  ready-mixed  Barn  Paint  only  78c  per 
gallon  while  it  lasts.  Selling  fast.  Write  today. 


Furniture 

Prices  Slaughtered! 

Hold  off  on  buying  furniture  a 
few  days  longer,  until  you  hour 
from  us.  Wo  offer  the  moat  astound¬ 
ing  bargains  in  plain  nnd  upholstered 
furniture  the  world  has  ever  known. 
This  includes  plain  Chnirs.  Rockers, 
Tubles,  eto.j  Velour,  Plush  and  Buffalo 
Leather  Chairs,  Couches,  Lounges  and 
Davenports.  And  if  you  want  genuine 
leather  upholstered  furniture,  don't 
lose  a  minute  in  writing  us.  We  offer 
values  such  as  your  retail  furniture  dealer 
cannot  begin  to  secure  from  wholesale 
dealers,  so  how  could  the  dealer  ever 
hope  to  meet  our  prices?  It  doesn't 
cost  anything  to  get  our  catalog  of 
L  Furniture  Bargains,  so  send  for  it 
today  and  pick  out  what  jou 
want.  We  save  you,  on  the 


Save  Lath  and  Plaster 
Expense! 


average.  63c  on  the  dol- 
Iur.on  furniture. 


No  use  to  use  lath  and 
plaster.  They  are  too 
expensive,  and  besides,  are  not  so  dur¬ 
able  as  Buffalo  Improved  Wall  Board. 
This  Wall  Board  makes  houses  warmer 
and  drier  In  winter  and  cooler  in  sum¬ 
mer  than  lath  and  plastering.  N o  trick 
at  all  to  put  It  on.  Anybody  can  do 
It.  Great  stuff  for  remodeling  or  re¬ 
building.  You  just  tack  it  onto  stud¬ 
ding  or  over  the  old  lath  and  plaster. 
Weighs  so  little  that  freight  is  almost 
nothing. 

We  have  a  million  feet  of  Buffalo  Im¬ 
proved  Wall  Board,  all  of  which  we 
shall  sell  In  a  short  time.  It  won’t  last 
long  at  these  low  prices.  Per  hundred 
square  feet,  $2.35;  per  thousand  square 


CD  C  C I  Aviation  Pictures  and 

Scenic  Pictures  of  NIAGARA  FALLS 

To  the  first  1,500  people  who  write  us  and  send  us  the  name  and 
address  of  a  neighbor  we  are  going  to  send  a  Souvenir  Present  Free; 
your  choice  of  a  beautiful  picture  of  the  great  International  Aviation 
Meet,  held  August  12-20,  1911,  or  Portfolio  of  22  Scenic  Pictures  of 
Niagara  Palls. 

The  Aviation  pictures  show  more  than  12  airships,  all  flying  at 
once.  They  are  suitable  for  framing.  Worth  25c,  but  we  give  them 
away  (600  of  them)  free  as  long  as  they  last. 

The  Niagara  Falls  pictures  show  the  greatest  wonder  of  the 
world  in  all  its  varied  beauty.  Each  of  these  scenes  is  an  actual  pic¬ 
ture  such  as  you’d  pay  money  for  at  any  store.  We  will  give  away 
900  of  these. free. 

Be  sure  to  say  which  you  prefer,  the  Airship  Picture  or  the 
Niagara  Falls  Pictures.  Remember,  we  have  but  1,500  pictures  in  all 
and  they  won’t  last  long.  “  First  come,  first  served.” 

Write  for  List  of  Special 
Bargains 


Either  send  in  the  coupon  below  or  your 
name  and  address  on  a  postal,  at  once, 
.  if  you  want  our  special  list  of  over  2,000 

bargains  in  Building  Materials  and  Home  Furnishings.  We  invite 
you  to  take  this  catalog  and  compare  the  things  in  it,  quality  for 
quality  and  price  for  price,  with  all  the  other  catalogs  you  can  get. 
Our  prices  are  absolutely  the  lowest  and  our  values  the  best.  Wo 
guarantee  you  new,  up-to-date,  best-quality  goods  at  less  than  half 
prices,  delivered  promptly.  Money  cheerfully  refunded  if  not 
satisfied. 

Please  write  name  and  address  plainly  on  coupon  or  postal 


For  List  of  2,000  Bargains,  Mail  Coupon  Below 


feet,  $22.50.  Samples  sent  free  to  anybody. 
Better  write  now.  while  you  are  thinking  of  it. 


193  Washers 

Going  at  *5.35 


Buffalo  Roller-Bearer 
Rotary  Washers  — 193 
of  them,  each  selling  at 
$5.35.  This  Washer  has 
freed  thousands  of 
women  from  wash-tub 
slavery.  Roller  bear¬ 
ings  m  ake  this  Washer 
the  easiest  running 
machine  on  the  mar¬ 
ket.  Telescopic  dasher 
and  large  tub  insure 
perfect  work  in  one-half  time  required  by 
other  washers.  Metal  parts  are  rust-proof. 
Enclosed  gearing  prevents  accidents  to 
women  and  children.  This  machine  at  your 
dealer’s  would  cost  $12.50— our  price,  $5.35. 


Beds  Almost  Given 

AwnV^  How’s  this?  A  beauti- 
■  ful  enameled  iron  bed, 
fine  cotton  top  mattress  and  woven 
wire  springs,  all  for  $10.25.  Head  is 
61  Inches  high,  foot  4154  inches,  post 
1 1-16  inches  in  diameter.  Sizes,  4  feet 
6  Inches  or  4  feet  3  inches.  Guaran¬ 
teed  mattress  and  springs.  All  for 
$10.25.  This  bed  has 
brass  filling  in  head  and 
foot.  Less  than  100  of 
this  particular 
style  and  price 
left,  so  if  yon 
want  to  get  in 
on  this  great 
bargain, better 
write  at  once! 


2,000  Other 
Bargains! 


FREE  Bargain  List 


The  Manufacturers’  Outlet  Co.,  492  Waldon  Ave.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Send  me  your  SPECIAL  CATALOG  OF  2,000  BAR¬ 
GAINS  and  pictures  of 

□  Airships  □  Niagara  Falls 


Remember,  this  Manu¬ 
facturers*  Outlet  Sale  in-  ||  wame. 
eludes  over  2,000  more  bar¬ 
gains,  besides  these.  Some  —  ... 

are  even  more  startling  **  ress~ 
than  we  picture  and  de¬ 
scribe  here.  PI  Name  and  Address  of  Neighbor . 

Mail  the  Coupon 
Today— NOW! 


THE  MANUFACTURERS’  OUTLET  COMPANY,  492  Waldon  Ave., Buffalo,  N.Y. 


103-4 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day, 

THE  BRAVEST  OF  BATTLES. 

The  bravest  of  battles  that  ever  were 
fought, 

Shall  I  tell  you  where  and  when? 
On  the  maps  of  the  world  you’ll  find  it 
not ; 

’Twas  fought  by  the  mothers  of  men. 

Nay,  not  with  cannon  or  battle  shot, 

With  sword  or  nobler  pen ; 

Nay,  not  with  eloquent  word  or  thought 

From  mouth  of  wonderful  men. 

But  deep  in  a  walled-up  woman’s  heart — 

Of  woman  that  would  not  yield, 

But  bravely,  silently  bore  her  part — 

Lo !  there  is  the  battlefield. 

No  marshaling  troop,  no  bivouac  song, 

No  banner  to  gleam  and  wave ; 

But  O,  these  battles  !  they  last  so  long — - 

From  babyhood  to  the  grave ! 

— Joaquin  Miller. 

* 

Among  new  French  blouses  we  see 
some  that  have  a  puff  at  the  elbow  ex¬ 
tended  like  a  little  balloon  with  wires. 
We  did  not  really  admire  them,  though 
some  were  made  of  beautiful  printed 
chiffon,  with  sleeve  puff  of  lace.  Some 
of  the  most  attractive  separate  waists 
are  of  black  chiffon  or  marquisette  over 
colored  silk,  while  veiled  lace  is  also 
used  extensively. 

* 

A  cabinet  containing  six  drawers, 
each  just  the  size  to  hold  a  waist  with¬ 
out  crushing,  is  a  convenient  place  of 
storage.  Some  seen  in  the  shops  are  of 
heavy  cardboard,  covered  with  flowered 
cretonne.  A  cabinet  of  this  sort  could 
be  made  of  light  smooth  lumber  by  a 
home  carpenter,  being  finished  in  white 
enamel  paint,  with  brass  handles  to 
the  drawers.  The  enamel  is  more  prac¬ 
tical  than  the  cretonne,  which  fades 

more  or  less  with  time. 

* 

FivE-year-old  Ella  had  been  enthus¬ 
iastically  engaged  in  garden  work  all 
the  Spring,  says  the  Youth’s  Compan¬ 
ion.  She  was  especially  interested  in 
planting  seed,  and  watched  anxiously 
for  sprouts  to  appear  above  the  ground. 
One  day,  while  visiting  a  neighbor  who 
possessed  a  six-months-old  baby,  Ella 
was  delighted  to  see  two  tiny  front  teeth 
displayed  when  the  baby  smiled. 

“O  Mrs.  May,”  the  little  girl  cried, 
excitedly,  “the  baby’s  feeth  have  come 
up!” 

* 

Apple  custard  is  delicious  made  from 
baked  apples  which  may  be  left  over 
from  a  meal.  For  every  pint  of  the 
baked  apple  pulp  which  has  been  rubbed 
through  a  sieve  use  a  cupful  of  rich 
cream,  two  rounding  tablespoonfuls  of 
sugar  and  two  level  tablespoonfuls  of 
butter.  At  the  last  add  four  beaten  eggs 
and  bake  in  buttered  cups  for  about  a 
quarter  of  an  hour.  In  putting  the  cus¬ 
tard  together  it  is  well  to  melt  the  sugar 
in  the  cream  and  then  add  the  apple 
pulp  and  butter  while  this  syrup  is  hot. 
Then  stir  in  gradually  the  yolks  of  the 
eggs  and  at  the  last  the  whites.  The 

custard  should  be  served  very  cold. 

* 

Green  corn  is  becoming  known  to 
English  cooks,  as  many  gardeners  now 
grow  it.’  It  is  possible,  however,  that 
the  cooking  is  still  a  problem  in  some 
households,  for  we  find  the  following 
lucid  statement  regarding  it  in  one  Lon¬ 
don  periodical : 

I  notice  “H.  Y.”  wishes  to  know  how 
Indian  corn  should  be  cooked  in  a  green 
state.  I  have  had  it  several  seasons,  and 
find  it  best  to  use  it  very  young,  as  eVen 
then  the  cobs  take  hours  to  cook.  I  have 
always  had  it  stewed  in  milk  and  butter, 
it  being  served  up  in  the  milk  it'  was  cooked 
in.  When  it  is  well  boiled,  you  should  be 
able  to  eat  the  whole  cob,  as  it  can  be 
cut  up  easily  into  slices  like  a  banana. 

We  feel  sorry  for  this  misguided 
cook,  who  has  had  an  opportunity  to 
use  the  most  delicious  of  all  vegetables 
for  several  seasons,  and  yet  has  never 
really  tasted  it.  Green,  watery,  barely 
formed  ears  give  no  idea  of  the  milky 
richness  of  real  sweet  corn. 


It  is  a  pleasure  to  see  advertisements 
of  “short  hatpins  for  new  small  hats.” 
While  we  offer  no  excuse  for  the  mon¬ 
strous  spears  and  javelins  worn, 
since  any  of  them  could  be  cut  down 
to  the  right  length,  we  see  no  reason 
why  the  men  who  sold  them  should  be 
entirely  exempt  from  blame.  These 
new  hatpins  have  much  smaller  heads 
than  formerly,  and  are  altogether  more 
refined  in  appearance ;  some  have  merely 
a  bead  of  colored  or  iridescent  glass 
imitating  a  semi-precious  stone,  with  a 
setting  so  light  as  to  be  almost  invisible. 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  patterns  and  measurements 
desired. 

The  first  group  shows  7121,  surplice 
-•aist,  34  to  42  bust,  with  high  or  low 
neck,  with  short  or  long  sleeves,  with 
or  without  revers.  7141,  tucked  blouse 
for  misses  and  small  women,  14,  16  and 
18  years,  with  high  or  square  neck,  with 
or  without  under-sleeves.  7107,  tucked 
noasant  waist,  34  to  42  bust.  7116,  five- 


gored  skirt,  22  to  30  waist.  7149,  three- 
piece  skirt,  for  misses  and  small  women, 
14,  16  and  18  years,  with  high  or  na¬ 
tural  waist  line.  7130,  child’s  one-piece 
dress,  2  to  6  years,  with  round  or 
square  neck.  583,  embroidery  design, 
10  cents  extra.  Price  of  each  pattern 
10  cents. 

The  second  group  shows  7146, 
double-breasted  coat  with  shawl  collar, 
34  to  44  bust.  7137,  child’s  French 
dress,  2  to  6  years,  with  square  or  high 
neck,  short  or  long  sleeves.  7119,  fancy 


blouse,  34  to  40  bust.  7034,  tunic  skirt 
with  five-gored  foundation,  22  to  30 
waist.  7138,  six-gored  skirt,  22  to  32 
waist,  with  high  or  natural  waist  line. 
7112,  boy’s  Russian  suit,  2,  4  and  6 
years.  Price  of  each  10  cents. 


Giving  us  bad  health  is  nature’s  way 
of  standing  us  up  in  a  corner  for  doing 
wrong. — Ram’s  Horn. 


Canned  Beets. 

Scrub  small  young  beets  and  cut  off 
the  stems  one  inch  from  the  top  of  the 
root.  Let  cook  directly  over  the  fire 
until  nearly  tender.  Drain,  cover  with 
cold  water,  and  rub  off  the  skins.  Put 
into  jars,  packing  them  tightly.  Set 
onto  a  rack,  and  fill  each  jar  to  over¬ 
flowing  with  boiling  water,  adding  a 
teaspoonful  of  salt  to  each  jar.  Ad¬ 
just  the  rubbers  and  covers,  and  set  in 
kettle  of  boiling  water  and  cook  three 
quarters  of  an  hour.  Then  tighten  the 
covers  and  let  cool  in  the  kettle.  Pre¬ 
pare  carrots  in  the  same  way.  This  is 
from  the  “Boston  Cooking  School  Mag¬ 
azine.”  _  m.  j.  D. 

Canning  Swiss  Chard. 

In  response  to  your  request  for  ex¬ 
perience  in  canning  Swiss  chard  (page 
969),  will  say  that  I  have  canned  both 
the  stems  alone  and  the  whole  stem  and 
leaf,  as  well  as  other  vegetables,  as  peas 
and  string  beans,  successfully  by  the 
following  method :  Cook  thoroughly  as 
for  eating  and  pack  as  solidly  as  possi¬ 
ble  into  thoroughly  sterilized  boiling  hot 
jars.  Put  into  top  of  a  quart  jar 
of  the  chard  one  teaspoonful  of  cream 
or  tartar,  dissolved  in  a  bit  of  boiling 
water,  and  seal.  Or  the  cream  of  tar¬ 
tar,  one  teaspoonful  to  the  quart  of 
greens,  may  be  cooked  into  the  whole 
mass  for  five  minutes  when  ready  to 
can.  When  wanted  for  use  put  a  jar  of 
chard  into  a  kettle  of  cold  water  and 
heat  up,  adding  a  half  teaspoonful  or 
soda  dissolved  in  a  little  water.  Let 
boil  a  few  minutes,  drain  well,  return 
to  kettle  with  butter  and  salt  to  taste 
and  heat  in  well.  The  result  is  better 
if  ample  time  is  taken  in  the  final  prepa¬ 
ration  for  the  table,  so  as  thoroughly 
to  neutralize  the  cream  of  tartar  and  to 
cook  in  the  flavorings.  MRS.  h.  a.  v. 

I  send  you  my  way  of  canning  Swiss 
chard,  which  I  have  found  very  success¬ 
ful.  I  always  cook  the  entire  leaf,  un¬ 
less  the  stems  are  very  large,  when  I 
remove  them,  using  them  as  a  second 
dish,  cooking  and  seasoning  as  celery  or 
asparagus.  I  canned  Swiss  chard  last 
season  and  found  it  delicious,  never 
losing  a  can.  After  the  chard  is  thor¬ 
oughly  washed  drop  in  slightly  salted 
boiling  water  and  cook  until  tender ; 
then  place  in  cans  and  press  down  with 
a  wooden  potato  masher  until  you  get 
in  all  it  is  possible.  This  presses  the 
water  out  and  still  leaves  enough  so 
just  a  little  „  stands  on  top.  Seal  the 
can's  and  let  stand  until  next  morning, 
then  loosen  the  springs  but  do  not  re¬ 
move  the  covers,  put  the  cans  in  a 
boiler  and  let  boil  for  an  hour,  seal  and 
let  stand  until  next  morning  when  re¬ 
peat  the  boiling  process.  It  is  necessary 
to  use  cans  with  the  glass  top  and  wire 
spring.  I  cook  the  entire  leaf  unless 
the  stem  and  midrib  are  very  large. 

s.  M.  w.  F. 

Would  you  abolish  poverty,  would 
you  advance  civilization  ?  Then  educate 
individuals  one  bv  one  to  be  more  vir¬ 
tuous,  more  intelligent,  more  skillful, 
more  industrious. — President  Schurman. 


October  21, 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.’’  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


w 


/*T'HE  reason  for  the 
great  warmth  and 
delightful  comfort  of 
Lambsdown  is  its 
thick,  downy  fleece. 


Fleece-Lined  Underwear 

is  also  remarkably  durable — 
two  seasons’  wear  to  a  gar¬ 
ment.  It  will  cut  your  under¬ 
wear  bills  in  two. 

Your  physician  will  tell  you  that 
the  heavy  fleece-lining  wards  off 
colds  and  promotes  good  health. 

Made  for  Men  and  Boys 

in  separate  and  union  garments,  at 
50c,  75c  and  up.  At  your  dealer’s. 


Write  tor  Bodygard 
Booklet  No.  56 

UTICA  KNITTING  CO. 
Utica  -  New  York 


I 


GUARD  YOUR  HEALTH  AND  COMFORT 

by  sleeping  under  one  of  our  guaranteed,  all  wool 
bed  blankets;  and  save  the  dealer’s  profit. 
These  blankets  are  made  of  the  finest  and  most 
carefully  selected  wool,  and  are  both  sanitary  and 
attractive.  Write  for  description  of  quality  and 
design. 

N.  Wertheimer  &  Sons, 
Ligonier,  Ind. 


SAVE  HALF  Your 
Paint  Bills 

By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT  — proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 
Only  Paint  endorsed  by  the  “Grange.” 
Made  in  all  colors, — for  all  purposes. 
DELIVERED  FREE. 

From  the  Mill  Direct  to  You  at  Factory  Prices. 

INGERSOLL  PAINT  BOOK  — FREE 

Tells  all  about  Paint  and  Painting  fVr  Durability. 
How  to  avoid  trouble  and  expense  caused  by  paint* 
fading,  chalking  and  peeling.  Valuable  information 
free  to  you.  with  Sample  Color  Cards.  Write  me.  DO 
XT  HOW.  I  can  eave  you  money. 

0.  W.  Ingersoll,  24b  Plymouth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


ffi 


FUMA 


99,  kills  Prairie  Dogs, 

Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
and  Grain  Insects. 
“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

e£Sh  “Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  doing3 

EDWARD  It.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Yan.  N.  Y. 


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mmm  • 


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CAN  you  afford  to  pass  it  by?  Not  when  you  realize  that 
dealers  e  ve  r  y  \v  1 1  er  e  a  r  e  a  sk  i  n  g  a  s  mu  c  h  a  s  $  1 . 5  0  a  n  d  S  - •  o  0 
for  similar  waists.  Ofttimes  the  Quality  and  workmanship 
are  not  so  good  even  at  those  high  prices.  And  the  answer  to 
it  all  lies  in  the  fact  that  Macy's  is  the  largest  retail  store  in 
the  world  under  one  roof.  Values  such  as  this  are  both  the 
cause  and  inevitable  effect  of  our  tremendous  buying. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THIS  PRETTY  WAIST 

This  elaborate  waist  is  made  of  a  soft  silky  white  batiste. 
It  is  trimmed  with  rich  embroidery,  outlined  with  dainty 
Baby  Irish  lac®  extending  down  the  shoulder  line,  and  the 
entire  length  of  the  pretty  kimono  sleeve.  Dainty  tucks  trim 
the  front  and  hack ;  the  closing  is  effected  by  small  pearl  but¬ 
tons  undera  liy.  An  exquisite  model,  perfectly  tailored.  Sizes 
St  to  44  bust  measure.  Order  No.  C3A52I0.  Macy’s  nn 
prepaid  price,  each . VZJC 

BUYING  WHERE  BUYING  IS  BEST 

Send  for  the  big  free  G36  page  MACY  Catalogue.  It  will 
dress youbetteraudatlower  cost.  Itistheorganof  Fashion’s 
newest  decrees,  a  style  authority  for  all  tliatis  correotand 
bestin  Fall  and  Winter  wear.  We  quote  you  wonderfully  low 
prices  not  alone  on  Wearing  Apparel,  but  on  every  necessity 
for  the  home.  WE  FRED  AY  DELIVERY  CHARGES  on 
thousands  of  articles,  thus  affording  a  double  saving.  Write 
for  the  big  catalogue  now.  A  post  card,  and  it’s  yours  free 
and  postpaid  by  return  mail. 

R.  H.  MACY  &  CO.,  New  York 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Keeping  Meat. 

I  see  on  page  928  M.  E.  C.  wants  to 
know  how  to  keep  fresh  meat.  My  wife 
always  submerges  fresh  beef  or  mutton 
in  buttermilk  or  sour  milk,  in  a  crock 
or  tin  vessel,  and  has  no  trouble  keep¬ 
ing  it  for  two  weeks  in  that  way  by 
setting  in  a  cool  place.  It  not  only 
keeps  the  meat  but  makes  it  very  ten¬ 
der.  I  could  not  say  how  long  it  would 
keep  if  unused.  This  is  especially  nice 
for  roasts.  _  c.  e.  s. 

Cold  Room  For  Keeping  Food. 

In  response  to  question  about  substi¬ 
tute  for  a  refrigerator,  in  a  location 
where  there  is  a  slight  slope  to  the 
land,  an  excellent  arrangement  is  an 
excavation  below  the  place  where  well 
is  located,  say  seven  feet  into  the 
ground,  cemented  on  all  four  sides, 
with  a  flight  of  cement  steps  leading 
down  and  a  shingle  roof  covering  all. 
The  cement  floor  of  this  cellar  is  built 
with  a  wide  gutter  and  a  raised  center; 
the  cold  well  water  being  pumped  fresh 
each  morning  into  the  gutter  which  has 
a  piped  outlet  to  drain  off  the  old  water. 
These  dairies  I  have  found  in  hot 
weather  even  in  southern  Virginia  to 
be  wonderfully  cold,  and  in  them  are 
kept  all  foods,  with  hooks  for  suspend¬ 
ing  meats.  The  sweetness  and  clean¬ 
ness,  roominess  and  desirability  of 
these  arrangements  for  all  food  is  most 
aoparent  and  vastly  superior  to  refrig¬ 
erator  which  require  time  and  toil  to 
keep  sweet,  to  say  nothing  of  limited 
space  and  expense  of  ice.  I  hope  this 
will  be  found  to  fill  the  bill.  I  intend 
to  have  one  built  another  year. 

_  J.  p.  w. 

That  Oil-Heater  Question. 

On  page  969  there  is  a  request  for 
oil-stove  experience,  in  comparison 
with  coal  stoves.  During  the  past  25 
years  I  have  started  a  coal  fire  about 
t.ie  first  of  October,  and  kept  it  burn- 
’  ’g  during  the  following  seven  months. 
During  the  Fall  and  Spring  the  one 
stove  heats  sitting-room  (15x15),  din¬ 
ing-room  of  same  size  with  a  bay-win¬ 
dow  nine  feet  across  opening  and  three 
feet  deep  at  center  added,  a  bedroom 
and  clothes-closet,  kitchen,  large  pan¬ 
try  and  small  china-closet — nine-foot 
ceilings  in  all  rooms.  During  all  of  the 
seven  months  the  large  dining-room, 
bedroom,  clothes-closet  and  china-closet 
are  kept  warm  all  the  time — day  and 
night — with  plenty  of  ventilation.  Much 
of  the  time,  too,  in  early  and  late  sea¬ 
son,  the  doors  leading  to  hall  are  left 
open  and  the  l  pper  and  lower  halls, 
two  large  sleeping  rooms  and  two 
clothes-closets  (8x8)  and  seven-foot 
ceilings  upstairs  are  perfectly  com¬ 
fortable.  To  secure  the  amount  of 
warmth  named  I  have  used  one  heater 
in  the  dining-room,  which  has  doors 
opening  into  hall,  sitting-room,  bed¬ 
room,  china-closet  and  kitchen,  and 
have  burned  an  average  of  $l/2  tons  of 
hard  coal  each  year.  Three,  or  pos¬ 
sibly  four  years,  it  has  reached  four 
tons,  but  many  years  it  has  been  less 
than  Zy2.  At  the  last  figure  the  cost 
would  be  (at  $6.75  per  ton)  $23.53  for 
seven  months. 

On  the  other  hand :  I  have  as  fine 
and  as  powerful  an  oil-heater  as  was 
ever  made,  and  have  made  more  or  less 
use  of  it  during  several  years — mainly 
in  an  exposed  plant-room  when  zero 
weather  and  high  winds  necessitated 
extra  heat.  I  have,  also,  loaned  the 
stove  to  friends  to  use  in  emergencies, 
and  with  just  average  burning  it 
called  for  at  least  a  gallon  of  oil  per 
day.  If  it  sometimes  went  under  that 
amount  it  as  often  burned  more.  At 
11  cents  per  gallon  that  would  amount 
to  $3.30  for  a  30-day  month;  for  seven 
months  $23.10. 

I  know  some  one  will  say,  at  this 
point:  “Yes,  but  you  don’t  have  to 
keep  the  oil-fire  burning  except  when 
needed.”  That  is  true  during  a  part 
of  the  time,  but  it  is  equally  true  that 


1036 


the  coal  fire  is  shut  down  so  that  it  is 
merely  alive  and  hardly  visible,  yet  the 
stove  is  radiating  enough  heat  to  keep 
the  house  dry,  even  witli  doors  open, 
and  when  closed  during  the  cool  hours 
at  evening  and  morning  the  warmth  is 
quickly  felt.  In  colder  weather  if  the 
oil  fire  is  extinguished  when  leaving 
home,  or  during  the  night,  the  flame 
must  be  turned  so  much  higher  in  the 
effort  to  get  the  room  warm  again  that 
it  consumes  as  much  oil  in  one  hour 
as  it  would  in  two  with  a  lower  flame. 

The  fact  is  mentioned  that  the  oil- 
heater  consumes  the  oxygen  and  makes 
unhealth  ful  conditions.  Let  me  add  that 
it  consumes  the  oxygen  to  an  extent 
that  affects  the  burning  of  the  flame, 
and  no  overhead  ventilation  can  over¬ 
come  that.  The  only  thing  is  to  open  a 
door  or  window  and  let  in  a  new  sup¬ 
ply  of  oxygen,  for  when  the  air  in 
the  room  becomes  dead  no  amount  of 
heat  will  make  it  'comfortable — it  is 
simply  impossible  to  heat  dead  air. 

Anothei  defect  of  the  oil-heater  for 
use  in  a  living  room  is  that  the  heat 
rises  and  makes  the  air  around  one’s 
head,  and  above  it,  warmer  than  is 
needed,  while  the  .floo  remains  cold. 
Such  a  room  a-  “A.  D.  F.”  describes 
could,  of  course,  be  heated  for  less 
than  could  my  sitting-room,  taken  alone, 
but  the  fact  of  its  small  size  and  low 
ceiling  is  an  argument  against  the  use 
of  an  oil  heater. 

If  I  wanted  to  use  an  oil-heater  in  a 
living  room  I  would  get  a  one-burner 
cooker  and  an  oven  to  fit  it.  Then  I 
would  set  the  stove  on  a  piece  of  zinc, 
on  the  floor,  put  the  oven  on  and  leave 
its  door  open.  This  would  throw  the 
heat  forward,  over  the  floor,  and  as  it 
would  rise  it  would  warm  the  air  in 
the  lower  part  of  room.  I  know  it 
would  not  be  ornamental,  but  a  small 
three-leaf  (or  even  a  single-leaf)  screen 
that  w  mid  not  obstruct  the  heat  could 
be  used  to  screen  it  from  sight  when 
that  seemed  desirable.  If  fuel  saving 
is  an  object  the  little  cook-stove  and 
oven  would  permit  getting  breakfast 
and  supper  with  no  extra  fire. 

I  have  no  wish  to  appear  dogmatic, 
but  after  using  the  best  of  oil  heaters, 
I  can  say  that  mine,  to-day,  stands  idle, 
and  mv  hard-coal  fire  is  burning.  Why? 
Because  I  have  found  the  coal  as  cheap, 
if  not  cheaper,  than  oil ;  the  quality  of 
heat  secured  much  pleasanter;  much 
steadier;  vastly  more  healthful,  and  in 
every  way  more  desirable. 

To  anyone  thinking  of  using  an  oil- 
heater  for  steady  use  my  only  advice  is 
an  emphatic  DON’T. 

I  did  not  take  up  the  question  of 
“odor,”  but  might  have  said  that  a 
really  good  stove  is  odorless  if  well 
cared  for  and  kept  free  from  dust  in 
the  flues.  When  burned  every  day,  or 
with  only  short  periods  of  disuse,  the 
oil  that  gathers  in  inaccessible  parts  of 
the  stove,  by  evaporation  from  the 
wick  or  tank,  is  burned  off,  but  when 
the  stove  is  allowed  to  stand  it  gath¬ 
ers  dust,  and  will  give  off  a  powerful 
odor  for  a  time,  when  first  lighted. 
The  wick,  too,  gets  foul  when  not  used, 
and  then  only  a  new  wick  can  stop  the 
odor.  The  same  law  that  governs  an 
oil-burning  lamp  applies  to  an  oil-burn¬ 
ing  stove.  One  needs  intelligent  care 
and  handling  as  much  as  the  other.  If 
the  stove  is  neglected  and  the  flame 
allowed  to  “run  up”  until  it  smokes  it 
needs  all  the  fresh  aid  of  all  out-doors 
to  get  the  odor  out  of  a  room. 

eva  ryman-gaillard. 

Plenty  of  people  will  try  to  give  the 
masses,  as  they  call  them,  an  intellectual 
food  prepared  and  adapted  in  the  way 
they  think  proper  for  the  actual  condi¬ 
tion  of  the  masses.  The  ordinary  popu¬ 
lar  literature  is  an  example  of  this  way 
of  working  on  the  masses.  Plenty  of 
people  will  try  to  indoctrinate  the 
masses  with  the  set  of  ideas  and  judg¬ 
ments  of  their  own  profession  or  party. 

I  condemn  neither  \ftv;  but  culture 
works  differently. — Matthew  Arnold. 


Domesticated  Chickadees. 

Living  as  we  do  in  northern  New 
England,  we  find  much  enjoyment, 
through  the  long  Winters,  in  making 
companions  of  the  chickadees.  At  first 
we  tied  marrow  bones  and  suet,  in  the 
trees  near  the  house,  with  no  thought 
but  to  attract  the  birds  and  to  help 
them.  Later  we  put  uo  a  tin  box  filled 
with  sunflower  seeds,  on  a  piazza  pillar. 
They  soon  found  these,  and  showed 
little  fear  of  anyone  at  the  window.  The 
next  step  was  a  box  attached  to  the 
window  sash,  to  which  they  readily 
came.  This  was  a  great  pleasure  to  us, 
and  we  learned  much  about  their  ways 
and  their  varied  conversations. 

The  next  October,  while  food  was 
still  plenty,  a  chickadee  visited  the  tin 
box,  givii  g  us  a  hint  that  he  had  a  good 
memory,  and  that  we  might  expect  his 
company  in  the  Winter.  It  proved  to 
be  a  severe  Winter,  and  the  birds  were 
so  cold  and  hungry  that  they  became  al¬ 
most  fearless.  One  day,  as  one  of  them 
was  crouching  on  the  piazza  vine  warm¬ 
ing  his  feet,  I  reached  out  my  hand  to¬ 
wards  him,  with  seeds,  and  he  took  one. 
Again  I  tried  it.  He  could  not  reach 
the  seeds,  but  picked  my  hand  gently  a 
few  times.  Then  he  pinched  it  hard 
enough  to  hurt.  Finding  the  hand 
harmless  he  hopped  upon  it,  and  select¬ 
ing  a  seed,  flew  away  to  eat  it.  That 
was  five  years  ago,  and  each  succeeding 
Winter  we  have  had  chickadees  that  fed 
freely  from  our  hands  or  lips.  Butter¬ 
nut  meat  is  their  favorite  dainty. 

They  visit  us  occasionally  until  nest¬ 
ing  time.  Some  of  them  have  been 
very  affectionate,  seeming  to  delight  in 
s  anding  on  our  heads  or  shoulders, 
sometimes  gently  pecking  our  cheeks  or 
lips.  One  lovable  little  fellow  always 
looked  up  into  our  faces  with  the  ut¬ 
most  contidence  before  taking  food 
from  the  hand  upon  which  he  stood. 
Often  he  uttered  a  few  soft  notes  as  he 
looked  up,  which  seemed  touchingly 
like  grace  before  meat.  Some  of  the 
birds  are  always  shy,  and  snatch  the 
food,  while  others  will  calmly  tuck  a 
seed  under  their  feet  as  they  stand  on 
my  thumb  and  proceed  to  crack  and  eat 
it,  with  full  assurance  of  safety.  One 
learns  much  of  the  individuality  of 
birds  in  such  an  intimacy.  In  the 
Spring,  when  the  migrating  birds  re¬ 
turn,  the  chickadees  often  show  a  funny 
jealousy,  trying  all  their  pretty  tricks 
to  attract  attention  to  themselves  while 
we  are  watching  the  new-comers. 

E.  F.  M. 


A  REAL 
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TTERE  is  aVacuum 
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1036 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


“My  Neighbor  and  I.” 

“I  am  so  tired  of  cooking,”  said  my 
neighbor  as  she  sat  down  wearily  in 
our  kitchen,  one  hot  morning;  “and 
our  people  seem  tired  of  eating  what  I 
cook.  I  guess  it  is  monotonous  fare.” 

“Why  not  vary  it?  It  adds  such  zest 
to  one’s  labor  to  try  experiments.” 

“It  does  not  if  they  turn  out  failures. 
Besides,  you  know  we  just  have  to  live 
as  plainly  as  possible  to  make  ends 
meet.” 

“I  know  that,  but  I  don’t  believe  it 
costs  a  bit  more  to  have  variety,  and  it 
helps  to  prevent  our  feeling  uncom¬ 
fortably  economical.  I  don’t  know 
whether  everyone  does  the  same,  but 
my  way  is  to  decide  how  much  it  is  de¬ 
sirable  to  spend  on  meat,  for  instance, 
for  each  meal,  and  one  can  get  quite  a 
variety  within  a  modest  limit.” 

“I  am  too  hot  and  tired  to  be  orig¬ 
inal.  I  wonder  if  you  would  give  me 
one  day’s  bill-of-fare  and  see  if  I  can 
get  any  new  ideas.” 

“Certainly.  This  is  what  we  had  yes¬ 
terday.  You  will  see  the  mid-day  meal 
is  very  light,  because  there  was  no 
man  home  for  dinner.  For  breakfast 
we  had  farina  boiled  the  day  before 
and  turned  out  of  a  mold,  cold,  with 
brown  sugar  syrup ;  warmed-over 
i-.ashed  potatoes,  nicely  browned,  with 
poached  eggs  put  on  top  of  them — of 
course  fried  eggs  will  do  if  preferred; 
junket  and  fruit  and  coffee.  At  noon 
we  had  cocoa  and  cinnamon  buns.  For 
supper  we  had  breast  of  mutton.” 

“Breast  of  mutton!  Do  you  mean 
those  skinny,  fat  scraps  the  butcher  has 
on  his  wagon?  Our  people  will  not 
eat  fat.” 

“I  mean  those  same  little  pieces,  and 
thev  do  look  uncompromising,  but  even 
they  will  yield  to  treatment.  First  sear 
them  in  the  frying-pan,  then  put  into 
the  top  of  the  double  boiler,  packed 
close,  cover  with  boiling  water,  then 
cook  over  water  till  tender — two  or 
three  hours  if  necessary.  Most  of  the 
fat  is  cooked  out,  and  when  cold  can  be 
skimmed  off.  The  meat  is  as  tender  as 
■nossible  and  really  a  nice  flavor.  Serve 
it  with  a  border  of  boiled  rice  round 
the  platter.  Ten  cents  worth  of  this 
meat  will  serve  five  or  six  people.  This 
sounds  shabby,  but  the  ‘fixin’s’  helped 
out.  We  had  new  potatoes  and  string 
1  .ans;  the  latter  I  like  to  serve  with  a 
salad  dressing,  it  seems  to  give  them  so 
much  character.” 

“What  kind  of  salad  dressing?” 

“For  simplicity  and  solid  worth  I 
don’t  think  this  can  be  excelled :  Stir 
together  till  smooth  one  egg,  half  a 
cup  sugar,  one  tablespoonful  flour,  one 
teaspoonful  salt,  tiny  bit  of  red  pepper, 
one  teaspoonfu!  mustard.  Add  half  a 
cup  vinegar  and  then  one  large  cup 
milk.  Cook  over  stove,  stirring  con¬ 
stantly  till  it  thickens  slightly.  When 
partly  cold  add  piece  of  butter.  If 
added  while  hot  it  is  apt  to  curdle. 
This  quantity  makes  over  a  pint  and 
keeps  several  days.  Then  comes  black¬ 
berry  pie,  made  in  a  deep  dish  with 
one  crust.  To  accompany  this  old  coun¬ 
try  dish  we  have  boiled  custard,  made 
very  plain  to  suit  slim  pocket-books.” 

“Do  tell  me  how  you  make  it.” 

“Take  a  scant  pint  of  milk,  thicken  it 
very  slightly  with  a  teaspoonful  of 
cornstarch,  boil  up,  add  sugar  to  taste, 
and  when  a  little  cool,  add  one  beaten 
egg,  cook  over  water  for  a  minute  or 
two,  stirring  constantly.  Serve  as  cold 
as  possible  in  individual  cups.  Of 
course  it  can  be  flavored  with  vanilla, 
lemon  or  cinnamon,  according  to  taste.” 

“Do  you  serve  the  gravy  from  the 
meat  on  the  same  platter  as  meat  and 
rice  ?” 

“No;  the  gravy  does  not  appear  at 
the  same  meal.  After  all  the  fat  is  taken 
off  it  serves  as  the  foundation  of  some 
soup,  and  when  the  bones  have  been 
chopped  up  for  the  chickens  I  think 
there  is  not  much  waste  from  the  ten 
cents’  worth  of  meat.” 


“What  can  I  do  with  the  scrawny 
end  of  a  leg  of  mutton?” 

“Take  two  cups  of  the  meat,  finely 
chopped ;  put  through  the  meat  chopper 
if  you  happen  to  be  the  fortunate  pos¬ 
sessor  of  one.  Don’t  be  afraid  of 
letting  a  little  fat  go  in,  add  one  cup  of 
stale  bread  soaked  in  a  little  milk,  one 
small  onion  cut  very  fine,  pepper  and 
salt  to  taste.  Make  into  balls  or  a  roll 
and  bake  or  fry.  Serve  with  brown 
gravy.” 

“That  sounds  all  right.  About  the 
cocoa — what  proportions  do  you  use?” 

“Two  teaspoonfuls  cocoa,  two  tea¬ 
spoonfuls  sugar,  one-third  cup  water, 
two-thirds  cup  milk.  Cook  two  min¬ 
utes  before  adding  the  milk,  then  just 
bring  to  the  boiling  point.  If  you  want 
something  rather  fancy,  make  choco¬ 
late.  One  and  a  half  squares  chocolate, 
one-fourth  cup  sugar,  small  pinch  salt, 
one  cup  boiling  water,  three  cups  milk. 
Scald  milk.  Melt  chocolate  in  small 
saucepan,  add  sugar,  salt  and  gradu¬ 
ally  boiling  water.  When  smooth,  place 
on  range  and  boil  one  minute,  add  to 
scalded  milk,  serve  in  cups  with 
whipped  cream — a  spoonful  or  two  of 
cream  will  make  quite  a  show.” 

“Now  I  must  go,  and  really  I  feel  as 
if  it  might  be  possible  to  get  out  of  a 
rut  even  with  a  temperature  at  93  de¬ 
grees.  Anyway  I  will  try  something 
fresh  for  supper.”  a.  e.  f. 

Irish  Names  For  Girls. 

Could  you  give  me  some  pretty  old-fash¬ 
ioned  Irish  names  for  girls?  I  want  some¬ 
thing  a  little  more  uncommon  than  Nora, 
Kathleen  or  Bridget.  m.  o'n. 

Our  knowledge  of  Gaelic  or  Erse  is 
too  limited  to  be  very  helpful,  but 
among  musical  Irish .  names  we  recall 
Grainia  (Grace),  Moyra  or  Moira 
(Mary),  Mona,  Oonah,  Maureen  and 
Brigid  or  Bride,  an  old  form  of  Bridget. 
Deirdre  is  a  beautiful  name,  but  it  is 
associated  in  legend  or  history  with 
that  most  unhappy  Irish  princess  who 
was  called  “Deirdre  of  the  hundred  sor¬ 
rows.”  Mairenn  is  a  variant  of  Mau¬ 
reen.  Shela  or  Sheila  is  the  Irish  form 
of  Cecelia;  Meve  is  Maud.  Other  at¬ 
tractive  names  are  Brenda,  Ita,  Ailin 
(Ellen),  Aine  (Anne),  Fedelma,  Fiala, 
Nesta,  Nuala.  We  infer  that  Nesta  is 
a  form  of  Agnes,  as  Nest  was  a  medie¬ 
val  English  form  of  that  name. 


Removing  Perspiration  Stains. 

Can  you  tell  me  how  to  take  perspiration 
stains  out  of  a  steel  gray  taffeta  silk  waist? 
Could  a  professional  cleaner  do  anything 
with  it?  I  have  tried  every  means  I  know, 
but  the  ugly  purplish  stain  is  unaffected. 
I  have  heard  that  simply  washing  the  gar¬ 
ment  with  white  soap  will  sometimes  re¬ 
move  such  a  stain.  What  do  you  think? 

E.  M.  D. 

There  is  great  risk,  in  such  a  case  as 
this,  that  the  color  has  been  perman¬ 
ently  changed,  in  which  case  re-dying 
is  the  only  thing.  Perspiration  stains 
can  b.  removed  from  some  silks  by  let¬ 
ting  the  article  remain  in  strong  salt 
water  for  three  or  four  hours,  but  of 
course  you  could  not  do  this  with  a 
made-up  waist.  A  dilute  solution  of 
hyposulphite  of  soda  will  remove  such 
stains  from  silk,  thoroughly  rinsing  af¬ 
terwards  with  clear  water.  We  would 
recommend  using  the  dilute  hyposul¬ 
phite  of  soda  very  carefully,  and  then, 
if  the  change  in  color  seems  perman¬ 
ent,  trying  a  dye  to  remedy  it.  We 
would  get  one  of  the  good  commercial 
dyes  for  silk,  dip  something  to  see  that 
we  had  the  right  color,  and  then,  laying 
the  discolored  place  over  a  piece  of 
blotting  paper,  paint  the  dye  on.  We 
have  seen  good  results  with  silk  by 
using  the  dye  mixed  in  gasoline  until 
the  required  shade  is  given;  the  gaso¬ 
line  evaporates,  leaving  the  color  set  in 
the  fabric.  Feathers  and  delicate  mil¬ 
linery  materials  are  often  dyed  in  this 
way.  If,  however,  the  discoloring  is 
very  bad,  it  may  be  necessary  to  dye  the 
whole  waist;  perspiration  varies  greatly 
in  its  effect  on  dye,  and  sometimes  the 


damage  is  irremediable.  Sometimes  a 
waist  is  ruined  at  the  first  wearing  be¬ 
cause  the  ever-needed  shields  were  for¬ 
gotten.  If  you  have  not  yet  tried  white 
soap  and  lukewarm  water,  it  will  not 
hurt  to  use  it,  but  we  doubt  whether  it 
will  stir  such  stains  in  silk,  though  it 
will  often  remove  them  from  fine 
woolen.  _ 

Sugar  to  Preserve  Meat. 

Last  June  I  wanted  to  keep  a  hog 
which  weighed  200  pounds  and  having 
heard  that  sugar  was  a  good  preserva¬ 
tive,  and  experimented  some  on  a  small 
scale  before,  concluded  I  would  risk  a 
formula  of  my  own.  Two-thirds  salt 
and  one-third  granulated  sugar  is  the 
proportion  I  used,  and  after  trimming 
the  meat  to  suit  it  was  cut  up  in  small 
pieces  of  two  or  three  pounds  each  and 
packed  as  closely  as  possible  in  a  10- 
gallon  jar.  As  I  packed  it  I  rubbed 
every  piece  well  with  the  sugar-salt  mix¬ 
ture  and  filled  up  all  crevices  with  the 
same.  I  used  no  water  at  all,  and  put 
it  down  as  dry  as  possible.  By  its 
strong  affinity  for  water,  the  sugar  and 
salt  chilled  the  meat  as  it  drew  the 
water  out,  the  brine  soon  covering  all 
of  the  meat.  We  used  of  it  three  or 
four  months,  taking  out  a  piece  at  a 
time,  never  changed  the  brine  nor  did 
anything  else  to  it,  and  not  an  ounce 
spoiled  or  got  strong.  It  did  not  re¬ 
quire  soaking  to  remove  the  salt,  either, 
but  in  frying  meat  kept  this  way,  my 
wife  says  it  takes  more  care  to  keep 
from  burning  on  account  of  the  sugar. 
If  a  25-pound  piece  of  ice  can  be  pro¬ 
cured  to  set  the  jar  on  at  first  and  the 
jac,  ice  and  all  be  covered  with  sawdust 
or  something  of  the  sort,  it  will  prac¬ 
tically  insure  the  keeping  of  it.  D.  B.  T. 


Drawn  Butter  Mayonnaise. — This  is 
recommended  as  more  wholesome  than 
the  rich  mayonnaise  ordinarily  made;  it 
combines  mayonnaise  and  drawn  butter 
in  about  equal  parts.  Prepare  the  may¬ 
onnaise  in  the  customary  way,  using  a 
third  of  a  pint  of  oil  to  the  yolk  of  one 
egg.  When  stiff  add  the  beaten  white 
and  two  tablespoonfuls  of  vinegar.  For 
the  drawn  butter  mix  a  large  tablespoon- 
ful  of  butter  and  one  of  flour,  warm  in 
a  pan  and  add  two  teacupfuls  of  water 
and  two  teaspoonfuls  of  salt.  After  it 
boils  allow  it  to  cool  and  then  mix  it 
thoroughly  with  the  mayonnaise.  It  does 
not  separate  and  will  keep  four  or  five 
days  in  the  ice  box. 


October  21, 


FURNITURE 


FOR  ALL 


EOPLEl 

ALL 

URPOSESl 

ALL 

OCKET-BOOKS 

AT 

FACTORY-COST 

Buy  that  Furniture  you 
have  wanted  eo  long  right 
now.  Don’t  think  for  a 
minute  you  can’t  afford  that 
chair,  bookcase,  couch  or 
bed.  Perhaps  you  can’t  afford  to  pay  the  price 
your  local  dealer  asks  you  to  pay:  but  have  you 

f  en  our  prices?  Our  values  will  startle  you. 

over  before  have  we  offered  such  a  complete, 
high  grade,  carefully  selected  line  of  furniture 
at  such  ridiculously  low  prices.  You  do  not  want 
to  mis*  our  furniture  book  this  year.  It  will  be 
interesting  reading  for  you.  From  the  first  page 
to  the  last  it  is  all  the  same  story— highest  quality 
furniture  at  lowest  possible  prices. 

John  A.  Hall,  our  expert  furniture  buyer,  has 
selected  this  line  from  the  offerings  of  the  lead¬ 
ing  factories  of  this  country.  In  many  cases  he 
has  contracted  for  the  entire  output.  Thus  we 
have  obtained  prices  that  no  local  dealer  can  hope 
to  duplicate.  This  saving  is  yours— how  much  of 
a  saving  it  is,  a  comparison  of  prices  will  tell. 
And  just  a  word  about  the  assortment.  Every¬ 
thing  (absolutely  everything)  that  comes  within 
the  ordinary  furniture  needs  of  man,  is  here.  We 
have  grades  and  prices  that  will  suit  you,  no  mat¬ 
ter  what  your  tastes,  no  matter  how  large  or  how 
small  your  pocket-book.  Everything  is  new— up- 
to-date  and  stylish  in  design  and  finish.  The  ma¬ 
terials  are  the  very  best,  and  we  show  you  a  vari¬ 
ety  ten  times  as  great  as  you  will  find  in  the 
average  retail  store. 

Let  us  send  you  the  furniture  book.  You  need 
it.  The  number  is  7. 

Here  is  a  complete  list  of  our  money-savers— we 
will  send  any  of  them  free  of  charge  on  request. 
Put  numbers  of  the  books  you  want  on  the  coupon. 


1  Paints 

2  Pianos 

3  Organa 

4  Trunks 
6  Roofing 

6  Vehicles 

7  Furniture 

8  Incubators 

9  Wall  Pajpor 

10  Typewriters 

11  Grocery  List 

12  Feed  Cookers 

13  Tank  Heaters 

14  Wire  Fencing 

15  Carpets,  Rugs 

16  Building  Plans 


17  Baby  Carriages 

18  Men's  Fur  Coats 

19  Sewing  Machines 

20  Gasoline  Engines 

21  Cream  Separators 

22  Building  Material 

23  Stoves  and  Ranges 

24  Underwear  Sam¬ 
ples 

25  Automobile  Sup¬ 
plies 

26  Bicycles  —  Motor¬ 
cycles 

27  Baby’s  Dress  and 
Toilet 


28  Women's  Tailored 
Suits 

29  Circular  and  Drag 
Saws 

30  Women's  Fashion 
Books 

31  Rain  Coats,  Rub¬ 
ber  Coats,  etc. 

32  Tombstones  and 

Monuments 

33  Men’s  Clothing 

34  Women’s  Furs 

35  Dry  Goods 

36  Muslin  Wear 

37  Millinery 


Sign  and  Mail  Coupon  NOW! 
P  Montgomery  Ward  &  Co.  "*] 


I 


Chicago  Avenue  Bridge 
CHICAGO 


158 

I9th  and  Campbell  Sis. 

KANSAS  CITY 

Please  send  to  my  address  below  books  Nos 
absolutely  free  of  cost. 

Name . . 

Post  Office. 


! 


bate . . .  I 

>END  COUPON  TO  THE  NEARER  ADDRESS 


WATER  PUMP  ITSELF 

Have  “running:  water  when  and  where  you 
want  it.  ”  No  expense  for  power ;  no  trouble ;  I 
no  repairs.  Pumped  from  stream,  pond  or  I 
spring.  Entire  satisfaction  assured  with  every  I 

FOSTER  ^cthy  RAM 

Install  it  yourself  at  low 
cost.  No  attention  or  ex- 
to  maintain.  Book 
suggestions  Free. 
SPECIALTY  CO. 
NewYorl^ 


'BEST  BY  TEST 


makes  and  burns  its  own  gas.  Costs 
2c.  a  week  to  operate.  No  dirt, 
grease  nor  odor.  A  pure  white 
light,  more  brilliant  than  electricity 
or  acetylene.  None  other  so  cheap 
or  effective.  Agents  wanted.  Write 
for  catalogue  and  prices. 

THE  BEST  LIGHT  CO. 
401  E.  5th  Street,  Canton,  O. 


This  patent 
corrugated 
spout  pre¬ 
vents  air 
from  enter¬ 
ing  cas¬ 
ing  and 
spoiling 
sausage . 
One  of 
many 
points 
of  supe¬ 
riority 
of  the 
Enterprise 


f 


■N 


Fall  killing  will  be  profit¬ 
able  this  year.  There 
will  be  more  money  in 
products  than  in  hogs 
on  the  hoof.  T o  get 
greatest  profit  buy  an 


ENTERPRISE 


Sausage  Stuffer 
and  Lard  Press 


This  perfect  machine  does  the 
work  quickly  and  easily,  saving  time 
and  labor.  It  makes  sausage  that  keeps — air 
cannot  enter  the  casing  to  start  fermentation.  When  used  as  a 


press,  the  lard  cannot  ooze  over  the  top,  as  in  inferior  machines. 

The  one  perfect  machine  of  its  class.  Like  all  that  bear  the  name  Enterprise 
— built  on  honor,  to  last. 

$5.50  for  4-quart  size  at  hardware  and  general  stores.  To  be  sure  of 
satisfaction,  be  sure  you  see  the  name  Enterprise. 

Enterprise  Meat  and  Food  Chopper.  The  chopper  that  really  cuts.  Does 
not  shred.  Four-bladed  steel  knives  revolve  against  perforated  steel  plates. 

Enterprise  Bone,  Shell  and  Corn  Mill — an  invaluable  part  of  the  equipment 
of  every  poultry  owner.  Enterprise  Fruit  and  Wine  Presses — Raisin 
Seeders— Sad  Irons— Coffee  Mills,  etc.,  each  best  of  its  class. 


Send  4  cents  in  stamps  for  our  recipe  book,  “The  Enterprising 
Housekeeper .  99  Tells  how  to  make  200  economical,  tasty  dishes • 


ENTERPRISE  MFG.  CO.  ol  PA.,  Dept.  69,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


I 


1911. 


<rHEC  RURAL*  NKW-YOKKER 


1037 


Belts  and  Other  Things. 

For  many  seasons  we  have  been 
struggling  with  high  collars,  to  get  them 
well  up  to  our  ears  and  to  make  them 
stay  there,  and  now  the  high  belt  line 
adds  its  problem.  These  new  and  up-to- 
date  items  of  dress  may  denote  foolish¬ 
ness  in  women,  but  they  do  mean  the 
fresh  and  well-gowned  look  that  most 
husbands  and  sons  like  (whatever  they 
say)  to  notice  about  their  women  folks. 
If  you  have  a  good  dressmaker  she 
probably  tells  you  to  buy  one  of  the 
high  foundation  belts  to  fit  your  skirt 
over.  Though  you  are  your  own  dress¬ 
maker  you  may  do  the  same,  but  if  you 
are  far  from  a  city  notion  counter,  or 
very  economically  inclined,  you  may 
make  a  belt  for  yourself,  using  a  fitted 
pattern  if  you  have  one.  Cut  it  from 
stiffening  material  and  reinforce  its 
standup  qualities  by  adding  up  ancj 
down  pieces  of  whalebone,  four  or  five 
of  them  slipped  into  casings  and  se¬ 
curely  fastened  at  top  and  bottom.  Re¬ 
member  that  the  skirt  is  to  be  attached 
to  the  top  of  this  belt  and  to  hang  free 
from  there.  You  will  see  that  the  belt 
must  conform  to  the  figure  well,  and 
must  be  wide  enough  to  let  its  lower 
edge  rest  upon  the  hips.  Naturally  it 
will  need  to  be  somewhat  larger  upon 
the  upper  edge  than  on  the  lower  across 
back  and  hips,  but  in  front  it  should 
curve  a  trifle  the  other  way  to  avoid  a 
oushed-up  appearance.  One  girl  made 
such  a  belt  stiffening  for  herself  out 
of  some  of  her  father’s  worn  out  linen 
cuffs.  By  lapping  the  lengths  at  a 
slight  angle  she  shaped  a  belt  which 
stayed  where  she  wanted  it.  Afjter 
trimming  down  the  upper  edge  to  a 
straight  line  she  covered  the  belt  with 
some  thin  silk  upon  its  inner  face 
and  found  that  this  answered  the  pur¬ 
pose  admirably. 

Usually  a  narrow  fold  of  the  skirt 
material,  or  perhaps  of  a  contrasting 
material  if  such  is  used  elsewhere  upon 
Tie  gown,  stands  up  above  the  joining 
of  the  skirt  to  the  foundation  belt.  Thi; 
bias  fold  is  not  more  than  a  fourth  of 
an  inch  wide  when  in  place  and  it  is 
very  useful  in  breaking  the  awkward 
line  at  the  skirt’s  toD  and  also  for  hid¬ 
ing  all  evidences  of  the  foundation  belt 
Be  sure  to  use  plenty  of  hooks  and 
snaps  at  the  placket  opening  of  these 
narrow  skirts,  for  upon  these  trifles  the 
trigness  of  your  costume  depends,  hav¬ 
ing  no  flowing  lines  or  grace  of  drapery 
to  relieve  its  shape. 

As  to  the  high  collars  which  seem 
always  with  us,  if  you  have  a  pretty 
neck  you  can  now  eschew  them  and  af¬ 
fecting  Dutch  necks  for  house  wear, 
take  your  ease  in  comfort.  But  if  na¬ 
ture  has  condemned  you  to  scrawni¬ 
ness  and  wrinkles  in  place  of  the  ala¬ 
baster  like  column  which  should  sup¬ 
port  your  head,  why  see  to  it  that  you 
have  well  fitted  collars  as  high  as  you 
can  wear  them  and  thank  fashion  for 
her  indulgence. 

One  of  the  simplest  and  most  econom¬ 
ical,  as  well  as  most  becoming  ways, 
is  to  have  several  collars  made  of  white 
lace  and  shaped  after  'the  lines  of  the 
boned  foundations  found  in  all  depart' 
ment  stores.  These  can  be  had  quite 
high  except  at  the  front  where  they 
curve  down  comfortably  to  avoid  the 
chin.  You  can,  of  course,  make  your 
collars  upon  these  'shapes,  but  if  you 
cut  a  stiff  paper  pattern  of  one  which 
fits  you  well,  you  can  fashion  any  num¬ 
ber  more  which  will  launder  well  and 
keep  their  shape.  Begin  by  basting  a 
narrow  lace  edging  onto  the  paper 
along  its  upper  edge  and  two  ends.  In¬ 
side  this  baste  a  line  of  insertion ;  for 
the  remainder  of  the  collar  use  piece 
lace  cut  to  fit.  Overhand  all  together 
while  on  the  paper,  rolling  the  raw 
edge  of  the  piece  lace  to  give  firmness. 
Now  cut  from  the  piece  lace  a  small 
tucker,  or  square  neck  reaching  around 
to  the  back  without  shoulder  seams ; 
sew  this  to  the  lower  edge  of  the  collar, 
making  a  small  seam.  After  the  collar 
is  ripped  from  the  paper,  whip  or  over¬ 
hand  this  seam  to  a  close  roll  on  the 
back  of  the  goods  and  it  will  be  strong 
and  not  very  noticeable.  Hem  or  face 
the  tucker  down  the  back,  where  it 
should  be  two  or  three  inches  deep.  Add 
four  uprights  of  featherbone,  or  nar¬ 
row,  white  whalebone  in  a  casing  of 
lawn,  to  the  inside  of  the  collar,  hav¬ 
ing  them  slant  forward  from  a  point 
near  the  wearer’s  ear  and  one  at  each 
side  of  the  closing.  These  supports  at 
the  back  strengthen  the  lace  and  give 
a  firm  hold  for  the  little  clasp  pins  used 
there  which  is  some  safeguard  against 
their  losing  out.  Such  a  collar  can  be 
washed  out  in  five  minutes  and  if  pulled 
into  shape  will  look  well  without  iron¬ 
ing.  To  starch  and  iron  stiff  would  be 
to  spoil  its  fit. 


With  a  collar  of  this  sort  to  wear 
beneath,  you  can  have  your  waist  cut 
in  any  preferred  shape  (but  a  tiny 
square  neck  is  apt  to  be  most  becom¬ 
ing)  and  they  can  be  finished  in  the 
simple,  flat  style  favored  at  present,  yet 
prove  dignified  and  conducive  to  good 
looks.  One  lady  who  employs  expen¬ 
sive  dressmakers  insists  upon  having 
all  lace  ’necks  made  detachable  and  pro¬ 
vided  with  lines  of  snap  fasteners,  that 
they  may  be  removed  and  washed  fre¬ 
quently. 

If  of  your  piece  lace  you  also  fashion 
a  pair  of  short  under-sleeves,  you  will, 
with  your  boned  collar  and  out-of¬ 
sight-belt,  possess  at  least  three  up-to- 
date  items  in  dress.  Such  sleeves  can 
be  made  of  lawn  above  the  elbow  and  if 
fastened  with  a  small  safety  pin  at  the 
shoulder  can  be  worn  with  different 
gowns.  The  lace  should  be  of  even 
depth  all  around  and  finished  with  a 
narrow  insertion  and  edge  set  on  with¬ 
out  fullness.  AUGUSTA  ROSE. 


Various  Ways  of  Using  Marshmallows 

To  the  candy-lover  marshmallows  are 
things  to  be  enjoyed  in  their  natural 
state,  or  doubly  enjoyed  when  roasted 
over  the  coals  of  the  Summer  camp¬ 
fire,  or  over  the  cozy  hotne-fire  in  mid- 
Winter,  but  they  are  something  more 
valuable  than  mere  candies  to  the 
housewife  who  knows  how  to  make 
them  serve  in  various  emergencies. 
When  serving  cocoa  and  there  is  no 
cream,  or  no  time  to  whip  it,  drop 
about  four  marshmallows  into  each  cup 
and  pour  the  boiling  cocoa  over  them. 
They  will  come  to  the  to,.  as  light  and 
dainty  as  a  bit  of  whipped  cream, 
though  not  quite  as  puffy  and  fluffy. 
The  flavor  is  delightful.  If  something 
is  wanted  to  serve  with  a  cup  of  cocoa 
to  a  caller  put  a  marshmallow  or  two 
on  a  thin  wafer,  or  unsweetened 
cracker,  with  a  tiny  bit  of  butter  on 
each  “mallow.”  Place  in  a  hot  oven 
until  the  marshmallow  spreads  and 
slightly  browns. 

Half  a  pound  of  marshmallows  mixed 
lightly  with  a  cupful  of  cream  whipped 
stiff  makes  a  delicious  dish  to  serve 
with  cake.  Flavor  the  cream  with 
vanilla,  or  whatever  is  liked.  Pile  lightly 
in  glasses  and  serve  with  a  strawberry, 
cherry  or  other  preserved  fruit  on  top. 
An  extra  touch  is  given  by  lining  the 
glass  with  shredded  pineapple,  sliced 
banana,  peaches  or  other  fruit  before 
filling  with  the  cream.  A  similar  dish  is 
made  by  making  a  jelly  with  any  of 
the  gelatine  preparations  and  mixing 
broken  marshmallows  through  it  when 
cool  enough  that  it  will  not  melt  them. 

A  fine  filling  for  cake  is  made  as  fol¬ 
lows:  Put  one-fourth  cupful  of  milk 
and  three-fourths  cupful  of  sugar  to¬ 
gether  and  bring  to  boiling  heat  and 
let  boil  six  minutes.  While  this  is 
cooking  put  one-fourth  of  a  pound  of 
marshmallows  in  a  basin  and  melt ;  add 
two  tablespoonfuls  of  boiling  water 
and  cook  until  smooth.  Add  the  syrup 
slowly,  beating  constantly.  Flavor  with 
vanilla  and  beat  until  cool  enough  to 
spread.  The  above  makes  a  good  icing, 
as  well  as  a  filling,  but  for  those  who 
prefer  to  make  the  plain  boiled  icing  it 
is  worth  while  to  know  that  a  few 
marshmallows  pulled  to  pieces  and 
beaten  into  the  icing  while  hot  (as  soon 
as  the  syrup  is  poured  over  the  egg) 
will  make  it  of  fine  texture  and  keep  it 
from  cracking  when  cut.  Ten  or  a 
dozen  marshmallows  in  the  icing  for  an 
average  size  cake. 

EVA  RYMAN-GAILLARD. 


CHILDREN 

INVALIDS 

and  the  A  OF  F) 


Need  Sunshine 

- AND - 

Scott’s  Emulsion 

Next  to  sunshine,  nothing 
restores  health,  strength 
and  vitality  like 

Scott’s  Emulsion 

ALL  DRUGGISTS 

11-53 


\ 


Grew  ^ 
on  Trees 

Nature  would  cover  them  with 
shells,  like  nuts,  protecting  from 
moisture,  mildew,  dirt  and  insects.  ^ 

Just  so  are  Uneeda  Biscuit  protected  by  the 
moisture-proof,  dust-proof  package.  It  kee 
them  oven-fresh  and  crisp,  retaining  all  their 
flavor  and  goodness  till  used. 

Think  it  over  and  you  will  always 
buy  the  protected  kind 


Uneeda 

Biscuit 


the  moisture-proof 
package 


NATIONAL  BISCUrrlCOMRANY 


'\C$WE/?s 


.  >  a 

*  ^Sitting  or  Walking^ 


Driving 
ting  orWalki 

/ You  are  in  out  of  the  vtei 


if  you  wear  a'' 

Fish  Brand 

REFLEX  SL1CXER 


/  Our  REFLEX  edge(Pat’d)  guides  all  water 
A  ///down  and  off.  making  front  of  coat 
////  absolutely  waterproof-.the  greatest 
}jj  improvement  ever  made  in  waterproof 
jj  garment  construction 

More  Than  Ever 


The  Slicker  of  Quality 


LOOK 

FOR 

EFt-B* 

OGL 


Sold  Everywhere 
[Satisfaction  guaranteed 

A. d. Tower  Co. 

Boston 


✓  S  >  fj 


- 

To  WER- C  AN  AD  I  AN  .Vro^/y  / 

v  TORONTO 

>y/ 


G  211 


luniniiTp 

GUARANTEED 
Freight  Paid 


Our  Gold 
Coin  Stove 
Guaranty  i  s 
to  take  back 
the  stove  at 
our  expense, 
any  time 
within  a  year 
and  refund  your 
money  if  you  are 
not  satisfied. 

Freight  is  pre¬ 
paid  :  safe  de¬ 
livery  insured,  ready  to  set  ur> — even  polished. 
Send  for  our  Free  Catalogue,  Price  List  and  Offer. 

Our  prices  are  $5  to  $20  less  than  any  dealer's 
prices.  The  stoves  are  only  of  the  very  best 
—and  so  guaranteed.  » 

Gold  Coin  Stove  Co.  3  Oak  Street,  Troy,  N.  Y. 


TTITTIXIIIZIIITXTT'IIIIT 


T  YOUR  IDEAS 


$8,500  offered  for  one  invention. 
Book  “How  to  Obtain  a  Patent”  and 
What  to  Invent”  sent  free.  Send  rough 
sketch  for  free  report  as  to  patentability. 
Patents  advertised  for  sale  at  our  ex 
pense  in  Manufacturers.  Journals. 

Patent  Obtained  or  Fee  Returned 

CHANDLEE  &  CHANDLEE.  Patent  Att'ys 

Established  16  Yoarfl 

99Q  F.  Street,  Washington,  D.  C. 


Virginia 

Farms 


Buy  a  farm  in  Virginia.  We  have 
many  excellent  bargains  in  Grain, 
Stock,  Fruit,  Trucking  and  Poultry 
Farms.  Write  for  list,  describing 
kind  of  farm  yon  want. 

VENABLE  &  FORD  .  .  .  LYNCHBURG,  VA. 


FENCE 


IV/fOST  durable  fence 

made.  Heaviest  wiresXL. 
Double  galvanized .  Stock' 
[strong.  Chicken  tight. 

1 3  to  35c  per  rod . 

Sample  free.  Wc  pay  freight 
The  Brown  Fence  &c  Wire  Co.' 
Dept.  r,9  Cleveland.  O. 


Brightest, 

Strongest  and  Best 

You  need  the  most  power¬ 
ful  and  reliable  light  you  can 
get  when  loading  the  wagon 
for  market  in  the  early 
morning. 

Rayo  lanterns  are  the  most 
powerful  and  reliable  lan¬ 
terns  on  the  market. 

They  do  not  flicker,  but 
burn  with  a  steady,  brilliant 
light.  They  will  not  blow 
out.  They  are  economical, 
because,  besides  being 
moderate  in  price,  they  give 
you  the  greatest  light  value 
for  the  oil  they  burn. 

Rayo  lanterns  are  made  in  nu¬ 
merous  styles,  sizes  and  finishes, 
to  suit  any  use.  Best 
material  and  workman¬ 
ship.  Simple  in  con¬ 
struction,  yet  reliable 
and  strong. 

All  Rayo  lanterns  are 
equipped  with  selected  Rayo 
globes — clear,  red  or  green, 
as  desired.  Wicks  inserted 
in  burners,  ready  to  light. 

Dealers  everywhere;  or 
write  for  descriptive  circular 
direct  to  any  agency  of  the 

Standard  Oil  Company 

(Incorporated) 


1038 


THE  RURAI>  NEW-YORKER 


October  21 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 


THOSE  CHAUTAUQUA  CO.  COWS. 


These  two  little  Jersey  cows  shrunk 
slightly  in  September,  but  as  far  as  I 
have  been  able  to  ascertain,  everybody’s 
else  cows  have  shrunk  also,  so  this  is 


nothing  to  be  wondered  at.  Here  are 
the  figures  for  September : 

Branch — - 

30  days’  milk,  933  lbs.,  at  $1.50. .  .$13.99 
Daily  average,  31  1-10  lbs. 

Babcock  test,  4.9  per  cent,  butter 
fat. 

Matilda — 

30  days’  milk,  959  lbs.,  at  $1.50 -  14.39 

Daily  average,  31  29-30  lbs. 

Babcock  test,  4.5  per  cent,  butter 
fat. 


Total 

Cost — ■ 
Pasture  . 
Grain  . . . 
Interest  . 


. $28.38 

$2.00 

4.18 

1.00 

• -  7.18 


September  net  profit . $21.20 

Cost  of  production,  per  hundred,  38c.  + 
Chautauqua  Co.  c.  c.  clement. 


A  CONVENIENT  HOG  TROUGH. 

Trough  12  inches  wide  on  bottom, 
sides  four  or  five  inches  high,  something 
like  drawing;  top  box  without  bottom 
two  inches  longer  than  bottom,  set  to 
raise  or  lower  to  suit  size  of  hogs  fed; 


HANDY  HOG  TROUGH.  Fig.  416. 


made  any  length  desired.  The  ad¬ 
vantages  are  that  one  can  pour  feed  in 
trough  without  pigs  getting  in  pail.  Pigs 
cannot  get  into  trough,  and  flat  bottom 
gives  all  a  chance  for  feed  alike.  If 
tried,  I  think  a  V-shaped  trough  will  be 
discarded.  C.  J.  B. 

Frankfort,  Ohio. 

A  NOVA  SCOTIA  HOG  RANCH. 

[The  New  England  papers  recently  stated 
that  a  great  hog  ranch  had  been  started 
at  Wolfville,  Nova  Scotia,  and  that  prom¬ 
inent  men  had  decided  to  invest  in  the 
scheme.  It  looked  •  like  another  plan  for 
selling  stock — not  live  stock  but  dead  stock 
. — on  paper.  Apples,  rubber,  bananas,  and 
many  other  products  have  been  “boomed” 
in  this  way — why  not  hogs?  We  have  ob¬ 
tained  the  following  report  of  the  enter¬ 
prise.] 

Though  not  in  my  near  vicinity,  yet  we 
knew  of  this  enterprise  and  its  pitiful  de¬ 
tails  during  the  short  period  of  its  exist¬ 
ence.  To  begin  with,  a  syndicate  of  “Bos¬ 
ton  men”  (so  it  was  reported),  started  a 
sheep  ranch  on  a  part  of  the  South  or 
Gasperem  mountain  range  about  eight  or 
10  miles  from  here.  It  was  stocked  with 
sheep  of  good  breed  and  a  Scotch  shepherd 
in  charge.  For  lack  of  funds  to  supply 
food  and  shelter  during  the  Winter  it 
was  a  miserable  failure  and  Spring  found 
the  stock  reduced  about  75  per  cent  (or 
so  reported),  and  the  remainder,  weak, 
sick  and  diseased,  were  disposed  of,  and 
a  drove  of  hogs  put  in  their  place  on  the 
same  land.  Whether  the  syndicate  was  the 
same  I  do  not  know,  but  the  manager  was 
the  same,  and  so  also  were  the  results ; 
neglect,  lack  of  funds,  starvation  and- dis¬ 
ease.  If  any  of  the  hogs  remain  I  do 
not  know,  but  know  that  both  sheep  and 
hogs  could  be  raised  under  proper  man¬ 
agement  in  the  same  locality.  This  is  not 
in  the  Annapolis  and  Cornwallis  Valley, 
where  I  live,  and  which  is  a  district  about 
100  miles  long  by  about  an  average  of 

five  miles  in  width  and  is  devoted  to 

orcharding  and  other  agricultural  lines, 
and  land  is  too  valuable  to  supply  any 

large  tract  for  ranching,  but  on  the  North 
and  South  mountain  ranges  that  define 

the  valley  from  east  to  west  may  be  found 
plenty  of  land  less  valuable,  and  adapted 
to  both  sheep  and  hog  raising.  In  fact 
many  farmers  have  made  successes  of  these 
in  a  small  way.  It  has  been  pronounced 
by  excellent  judges  that  the  mutton  grown 
in  these  localities  has  a  most  superior 
flavor,  but  numbers  of  farmers  who  once 
made  a  business  of  sheep  growing  have 
been  obliged  to  give  it  up  on  account  of 
depredations  by  dogs  and  lack  of  proper 
laws  to  protect  or  recover  damages.  It 
may  be  possible  that  the  defunct  hog 
ranch  is  trying  to  rise  from  its  grave  in 
another  effort  for  life.  J.  o. 


STOCK  NOTES. 

Maplecrest  Pontiac  Korndyke  143956,  a 
putebrcd  Holstein  cow  owned  by  Daniel 
Dimmick  &  Bro.,  East  Claridon,  Ohio,  is 
now  the  world’s  champion  senior  two-year- 
old  butter  cow.  In  a  seven-day  test,  made 
eight  months  after  calving,  she  made  18.2 
pounds  of  butter.  Thirty-three  days  after 
calving  she  made  a  record  of  22  pounds  of 
butter  in  seven  days.  This  is  an  official 
test  made  under  the  supervision  of  the  Col¬ 
lege  of  Agriculture  of  the  Ohio  State  Uni¬ 
versity. 

Live  Hogs  and  Dead  Ones. — The  grocer 
says  on  page  942  that  the  Hope  Farm  man 
complained  unjustly  in  a  very  cold  Winter 
of  40-cent  boiled  ham,  when  he  was  selling 
his  own  hogs  for  five  cents  a  pound ;  also 
that  a  live  hog  is  a  long  way  from  a  boiled 
one.  I  expect  that  the  very  cold  Winter 
made  fuel  scarce  and  high,  consequently 
costing  35  cents  a  pound  to  boil  the  hog. 
lie  tells  us  also  that  he  is  satisfied  to  lose 
10  per  cent  on  all  fruit  and  vegetables 
handled.  Could  he  tell  us  what  the  dealers 
do  who  retail  nothing  but  fruit?  A  short 
time  ago,  I  sold  in  Brattleboro,  Vt.,  a  lamb 
weighing  about  80  pounds,  which  came  to 
less  than  $4,  and  the  same  day  in  the  same 
market  I  saw  a  man  pay  $5.60  for  two 
pounds  of  beefsteak  and  a  quarter  of  lamb. 
But  thanks  to  the  grocer,  I  have  consola¬ 
tion  in  the  thought  that  a  live  hog  is  a  long 
way  from  a  boiled  one.  e.  l.  sessions. 

Vermont. 

Sheep  Note. — The  opening  sentences  of 
Bulletin  127  of  the  South  Dakota  Station 
tell  much  in  few  words : 

“Sheep  farming  has  been  practiced  since 
the  earliest  times,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
profitable  branches  of  the  live  stock  indus¬ 
try.  The  modern  breeds  are  the  result  of 
careful  selection  and  breeding  of  those  best 
adapted  to  the  various  localities,  each  breed 
being  established  for  distinct  purposes.  Soil, 
climate  and  feed  in  these  localities  deter¬ 
mined  to  a  large  extent  the  characteristics 
of  the  breed.  Nearly  all  the  common  breeds 
are  of  foreign  origin,  and  the  two  controll¬ 
ing  factors  in  their  development  were  the 
production  of  mutton  and  the  production 
of  wool.  The  sheep  has  been  termed  the 
plant  scavanger  of  the  farm.  In  fact,  there 
are  very  few  plants  sheep  will  not  eat  dur¬ 
ing  some  stage  of  growth,  and  yet  the 
cured  fodders  and  grasses  must  be  of  the 
best  quality  to  obtain  the  best  results. 
Sheep  require  less  pasture  than  any  other 
animal  on  the  farm.  After  the  grain  is  cut 
and  stacked,  sheep  are  turned  on  the  stub¬ 
ble  to  eat  tltfr  weeds  which  otherwise  would 
go  to  seed.  Many  farmers  make  a  practice 
of  turning  lambs  into  the  cornfield  in  the 
early  Fall  to  gather  up  all  the  weeds. 
Many  farmers  in  the  corn  belt  sow  rape 
with  the  grain  to  furnish  additional  feed 
since  this  affords  an  abundance  of  succulent 
forage  late  in  Die  season  up  to  the  time  of 
severe  frosts. 


Increase  your  milk  supply  at  the 
same  time  by  feeding  Dried  Brewers 
Grains  and  Malt  Sprouts.  Send  for 
our  valuable  descriptive  booklet  on 
Points  for  Stock  Feeders. 

Farmers  Feed  Co., 

76th  St.,  East  River,  New  Yerk  City 


ReduceThat  Feed  Bill 


£52 


.  .  .  FOSTER  STEEL  .  .  . 

STANCH  IONS 

Increase  Your  Dairy  Profit 

Makes  cows  comfortable.  Save  time 
in  stabling  and  cleaning.  Easy  to 
operatej  cow  p  oof;  sanitary; 
strong,  and  durable. 

Write  for  our  prices  and  illus¬ 
trated  catalog  before  buying. 
FOSTER  STEEL  STANCHION  CO. 
006  Insurance  Bldg.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


KOBERTSON’S  CHAIN 
HANGING  STANCHIONS 

“I  have  used  them  for  more 
than  TWENTY  YEARS,  and  they 
have  given  the  very  best  of  satis¬ 
faction  in  every  way,”  writes 
Justus  H.  Cooley,  M.D.,  Plainfield 
Sanitarium,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

Thirty  days’  trial  on  application 
O.  II.  ROBERTSON 
Wash.  St.,  ForestvlIIe,  Conn. 


EXCELSIOR  SWING  STANCHION 

Warranted  The  Best.  30  Days’  Trial 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  when  open 
Noiseless  Simple  Sanitary  Durable 

Tlie  Wasson  Stanchion  Co., 
Box  60.  Cuba,  N.  Y. 


S  XI  EEP 


Snowcroft  Hampshire  Downs 

150  Rams  and  Ewes  from  best  English  Foundation 
stock.  All  shipments  guaranteed  as  described. 

DR.  S.  F.  SNOW.  713  University  Block,  SYRACUSE.  N.  Y. 


nnRQFK  FOR  SALE  at  farmers’  prices — Fifty 
UUnOL  I  0  Ewes  and  Ewe  Lambs,  part  of  which 
are  sired  bv  the  St.  Louis  Grand  Champion. 
HICKORY  ISLAND  FARM,  Clayton,  N.  Y. 


HORSES 


I  HAVE  just 
arrived 


fromBelgium. 
France  and 
Germany, 
where  I  pur¬ 
chased  an  ex¬ 
tra  fine  lot  of 


STALLIONS  5 
and  MARES 


of  the  differ¬ 
ent  breeds, 
which  will  ar¬ 
rive  at  the 


Sharon  Valley  Stock  Farm, 

Newark,  Ohio* 

in  the  next  ten  days.  Will  be  glad  to  welcome  any 
customers  to  the  farm.  Will  also  exhibit  at  all  the 
leading  fairs  in  Ohio,  Pennsylvania  and  West  Vir¬ 
ginia,  where  I  will  be  glad  to  meet  friends  and 
customers.  Col.  G.  W.  CRAWFORD. 


Having  Just  Arrived  from  tlie  New 
York  State  Fair  with  a  Dot  of 

PREMIUM  HORSES 

We  are  now  ready  for  business  at  prices  never 
heard  of  before.  We  have  both  Imported  and 
Home-Bred  Registered 

PERCHERONS  ONLY 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


Learn 

about  the 

Guernsey 

Cow 


The  Most  Economical  Production  of  the 
Highest  Class  of  Dairy  Products,  excell¬ 
ing  in  Natural  Color  and  Good  Flavor. 


fThe  pan  American  Dairy  Breed  Test, 
SHE  J  rphe  iowa  Dairy  Cow  Contest, 

WON  \  Inpartial  Experiment  Station  Trials. 

The  Guernsey  was  the  First  Breed  to  establish 
an  Advanced  Register  on  basis  of  Years 
Records  with  Public  Supervision. 


An  average  of  over  1200  official  years  records  show  : 

8070  lbs.  Milk  410  lbs.  Butter  Fat 

(Equivalent  to  460  lbs.  butter) 

AVERAGE  PER  CENT.  BUTTER  FAT  5.08 


Full  information  regarding  the  breed  by  writing 

The  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club 

BoxR.  PETERBORO,  N.  H. 


Prices— $350  to  $750  on  Mares,  according 
to  age,  weight  and  size. 

Stallions  from  $500  to  $2,000. 

These  prices  include  the  Great  Stallion  NOGEN- 
TAIS,  winning  first  with  three  of  his  get;  also  the 
5-year-old  Stallion  ROULE,  winning  the  4-year-old 
and  over  class  with  14  animals  in  the  ring. 

We  have  oil  hand  in  ail  about  SIXTY  HEAD. 
Don’t  wait  to  write— come  and  see  us  at  once.  No 
peaches  and  cream,  but  plenty  of  plums,  and  plumb 
good  ones. 

D.  J.  GRINDELL,  Kenton,  Ohio 


STALLION  FOR  SALE  OR  TRADE. 

KUSHIItO,  Trotting  Stallion,  a  first-class  siring 
son  of  Kremlin,  is  offered  for  sale  for  $500,  or  will 
trade  for  a  first-class  “roadster  automobile.”  This 
stallion  has  a  mark  of  2.08,  is  pronounced  sound 
by  Dr.  Edward  Moore  of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  is  guaran¬ 
teed  fearless,  kind  and  gentle  In  all  harness,  and 
has  never  hurt  a  fly.  Particulars  by  letter. 

It.  B.  ANDERSON, 

Maple  Hurst  Stock  Farms,  Guilford,  Conn. 


POMES — Spotted  &  solid  cold's.  Brood  mares.  Best  paying 
stock  kept  on  far/n.  Sherman  Sanford,  Seymour,  Conn. 


Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
at  farmers’  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  i’enna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O, 


“  <^>  u  A  L  I  T  Y  ” 

FOR  SALE-THREE  HIGH  BRED  YOUNG  JERSEY  BULLS.  ALL 
OUT  OF  REGISTER  OF  MERIT  COWS 

Dam  of  No.  1,  8128.3  lbs.  milk  in  286  days, 

testing  527  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 
Dam  of  No.  2,  11265.3  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

testing  701  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 
Dam  of  No.  3,  12840.6  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

testing  803  lbs.  8  oz.  butter 
Wo  also  have  a  nice  bunch  of  bred  heifers  due  to  cal  vo 
this  Fall  and  early  Winter.  Write  for  description 
ami  prices,  or  better  yet  come  and  see  them,  visitors 
always  welcome.  E.W.  Mosher, "Briohtside.”  Aurora,  N.Y. 


REG.  HOLSTEINS 

Superior  individuals,  deep,  heavy  milkers,  in  fine  con¬ 
dition.  If  you  are  a  dealer,  you  can  please  your  custom¬ 
ers;  if  a  breeder,  or  beginner,  you  can  save  the  middle¬ 
man’s  profit.  Also,  one  of  the  best  bred  male  calve* 
in  this  country  and  other  males  at  bargain  prices.  Write, 
phone,  or  come  and  see  me.  R.  R.  Stations,  Valley  Mills, 
on  O.  &  W.,  Vernon,  Syracuse  &  Utica  Electrics. 

F.  H.  RIVENBURGH,  Hillhurst  Farm,  Munnsville,  N.  Y. 


GUERNSEY  BULL  FOR  SALE 

PRINCE  OF  ANNANDALE,  A.  G.  C.  C.  12446. 
Sire  VERIBEST,  9845.  Dam  BETTY  ALDEN,  10197. 
Fine  specimen,  gentle,  in  perfect  health. 

Robert  Angus,  Supt., “Croydon,”  Tarry  town,  N.Y. 


ON  ACCOUNT  of  selling  most  of -farm,  I  offer  a 
few  extra  fine  imported  DRAFT  MARES  at  less 
than  original  cost.  C.  F.  MOUNT,  Koppel,  Pa. 

fit  'W  I  3XT  IE  | 

For  Sale-Registered  Cheshire  Whites 

Six  weeks  old  Sows  and  Barrows,  $7.00  to  $8.00 
Eight  “  “  “  “  “  8.00  to  9.00 

Yearling  Sows,  bred  to  our  celebrated  Boar,  $20.00 
to  $25.00.  G.  JASON  WATERS,  Fair  Acre  Farm, 
R.  F.  D.  42,  Norwalk,  Conn. 

Large  Berkshires  at  Highwood 

Regular  Fall  offering  of  Service  Boars  and 
of  young  Pigs  in  pairs  and  trios,  not  akin. 

B.  C.  &  H.  B.  Harpending,  Dundee,  N.  Y. 


OAKLAND  FARM  HOLSTEINS 

FINE  INDIVIDUALS— LARGE  PRODUCERS 

Choice  YOUNG  BULLS  For  Sale 

Write,  stating  just  what  you  want. 

T.  A.  MITCHELL,  Wecdsport,  N.  Y. 


0 


UROC  PIGS,  S6.  Growthy,  Pedigreed  Angora  kit¬ 
tens,  $3.50  each.  Sereno  Weeks,  DeGraff,  Ohio. 


nimnnc  the  big,  deep  fellows 

UUnUOO  tli at  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 

CEED  HIGH— PIGS  LOW— Buy  now  for  another  year’s 
L  advanced  prices.  O.  I.  C.  pig  half  price.  PARDY 
BROS.,  Cross  Road  Farm,  Plattsburgh,  N.  Y. 

PU EQ III RCQ— Both  sex.  All  ages.  The  quality 
on  Con  in  CO  herd.  c.  E.  SMITH,  Castile,  N.Y. 

CHESTER  WHITES-A  few  Choice  Registered  BOARS 
lor  sale.  EUGENE  T.  BLACK,  Seio,  N.  Y. 

FASHIONABLY  BRED  BERKSHIRES 

A  few  Spring  and  Summer  PIGS  for  sale  at  rea¬ 
sonable  prices.  Dr.  J.  R.  ALLEN,  Orwell,  N.  Y. 

SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES." BSkfiJS 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  toser- 
vice  of  Watson’s  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON.  Pioprietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  (PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

...  AT  REASONABLE  PKICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  PENN  YAN,  N.Y 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


at, ft  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU.  Somerville  N.  J. 


DE  K0L  BURKE  BLOOD. 

Will  sell  ONTARIO  COUNT  DE  KOL,  Holstein 
Bull,  half  white,  born  April  25th,  by  America  De 
Kol  Burke,  out  of  Bettina  De  Kol.  Bargain  at  $75, 
f.  o.  b.  CLOVERDALE  FARM.  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

Breeds  the  cattle 
that  most  eco¬ 
nomically  turn  farm  jiroduce  into  money— 
JERSEYS,  and  the  swine  that  do  the  same 
thing— BERKSHIRES.  Which  do  YOU  want  ? 
J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N.  Y, 


LAUREL  FARM 


Breed  Up-Not  DownTo»wc.ri,SS'" 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  R.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


DUTCH  BELTED 

CHAS.  STEWART  DAVISON  \ 
GO  Wall  St •,  New  York  City  | 


— T  ▼  T  1 T  T ' 


-  T  T~  *T  ▼*  ’T  ▼ 


FLORHAM  GUERNSEYS .... 

Several  Yearling  Bulls  for  sale  at  very  moderato 
prices.  Pedigrees  and  photographs  furnished. 

J.  L,  HOPE  Madison,  New  Jersey 

Millr  Prodiirprv  for  New  York  City  market 
1U11IV  ilUUUuClo  desiring  information  how  to 
form  branches  of  tlie  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning,  Otisville.  N.  Y. 


8  H  E  33 


30 


Registered  Shropshire  EWES  for  sale.  Also 
yearling  RAMS.  H.  B.  Covert,  Lodi,  N.  Y. 


REGISTERED  SHROPSHIRE  RAMS  S’WSffil 

Yeoman.  FEED.  VAN  VEEET,  Lodi,  N.  Y. 

R  AMC  FOR  Q  AI  F— Registered  Shropshire 
WFYlYlkJ  *  '-/IV  ortLL  yearlings  and  two-year- 
olds.  Also,  one  four-year-old  Hanmer  Ram  and 
some  nice  Ram  Lambs.  E.  E.  StevensS  Son, Wilson,  N.Y. 

FOR  SALE  RAMBOUILLET  RAMS 

J.  P.  TUCK,  Manager,  Elm  Place,  Avon,  N.  Y. 

QRAnC  Til  M  1 Q— Will  sell  all  my  Grade  Tunis 
UnHUL  lull  10  and  Delaine  Merino  Ewes, 
one  to  five  years  old,  all  bred  to  Reg.  Tunis  Rain 
for  winter  lambs.  Also  a  few  Reg. Tunis  Ewes  and 
Rams.  Prices  reasonable.  Also  some  nice  Mule- 
foot  Boar  Pigs  ready  for  service.  J.  N.  MAC- 
PHERSON,  Pine  View  Farm,  Soottsville,  N.Y- 


Purebred  Registered 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

lead  all  breeds  as  butter  cows.  Bulletin  No.  75, 
Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  U.  S.  Dep’t  of  Agricul¬ 
ture.  shows  leadership  of  Holstein-Friesian  Cows 
with  an  average  daily  yield  of  fat  of  1.61  pounds. 

MILK  FAT 

48.9  lbs.  1.61  lbs. 


AVERAGE 
DAILY  YIELD 


(  Holsteins 
-s  Guernseys 
(  Jerseys 


28.9 

24.5 


1.41 

1.26 


Study  both  columns  of  figures  and  you  will  readily 
understand  why  the  rich  and  important  dairy  sections  of 
the  country  are  occupied  mainly  by  the  Holstein  breed. 

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN  ASS’N,  F.  L.  HOUGHTON.  Secy.  Box  105  Brattleboro,  Vt. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


1039 


The  MACY  SEPARATOR 


.45 

AND 

UP. 


SEND  NO  MONEY 


30  Days  Trial 


Supply  Can 

Separator offer.  Wesa 
prices— we  allow  you  i 
own  farm— you  needn’t 
vance,  if  you  prefer  not 


You  waste  money 
if  you  pay  a  cent 
more  than  our  price 
for  a  Cream  Separa¬ 
tor.  You  can’t  af¬ 
ford  to  buy  from 
anyone  at  any  price 
until  you  have  sent 
a  postal  card  or  a 
letter  asking  us  for 
our  special  Cream 
ve  you  half  of  agents’ 
K)  days  trial  on  your 
send  us  a  cent  in  ad- 
to. 


THE  MACY  IS  THE  BEST  AND 
YOU  CAN  PROVE  IT 

We  will  send  you  a  machine  on  trial  so  you  can  find 
out  how  good  it  is.  No  Separator  costs  more  to  manu¬ 
facture  than  the  Macy,  yet  our  price  is  half  the  price 
asked  by  Agents.  Easiest  cleaned  machine  because  its 
skimming  device  is  aluminum.  Frictionless  pivot  ball 
bearings  make  it  easiest  running.  Guaranteed  forever. 
Five  sizes ;  five  popular  factory-to-farm  prices.  Cut 
out  tlio  middleman's  profit -keep  this  money 
in  your  own  pocket.  Write  to-day  for  our  special  intro¬ 
ductory  offer. 

R.  H.  MACY  &  CO. 

801  Macy  Building,  ■  New  York 


PLUVINOX 

- WATER-PROOF - 

ROOFING 

For  Roofing,  Sheathing 
and  Lining  Poultry  Houses 
and  all  Outbuildings  :  :  : 

Clean  Durable  Oidorless 


65c 

per 

100 

Square 

Feet 


nPHIS  is  a  Water  and  Air-Proofing  of 
which  you  are  always  sure — which  you 
can  absolutely  depend  upon  to  thoroughly 
protect  your  chickens  and  stock  from  damp¬ 
ness  and  draughts. 

Just  see  how  well  Pluvinex  is  made.  First 
it  is  thoroughly  soaked  through  and  through 
with  the  heaviest  kind  of  a  water-proofing 
compound ;  then  it  is  heavily  coated  on  both 
sides  so  that  air  or  water  cannot  even  get 
through  the  surface,  let  alone  through  the 
inside.  Finally  a  layer  of  soapstone  is 

{ilaced  on  both  surfaces  to  shed  water  and 
urther  protect  the  roofing. 

will  send  on  request  samples  so  that  you  may 
see  how  sturdy  and  well-made  it  is  ;  compare  it  with 
others  and  find  how  very  low  is  the  price  we  ask  for  it. 
Send  u  postal  now  to  Dept.  30 

THE  HYDREX  FELT  &  ENGINEERING  CO. 

120  Liberty  Street  New  York 

"Works:  Rahway,  N.  J. 


MIDDLEDITCH  EN^NES 


L 


Operate  perfectly  on  common 
coal  oil,  gasoline,  distillate, 
alcohol  or  any  similar  liquid 
fuel.  Our  catalog  explains 
why  this  is  safest,  simplest, 
most  economical  and  prac¬ 
tical  power. 

Genuine  Free  Trial 


If  it  doesn’t  saUsfy  you  in 
every  way  the  trial  costs 
nothing.  Don’t  invest  in  any 
engine  until  you  get  our 
proposition.  Write  for  it  now 


SKUNK 

M.  J.  Jewett  A;  Sons,  I 


We  buy  Skunk,  Mink, Musk¬ 
rat  and  all  other  raw  furs  at 
highest  market  prices,  and 
give  liberal  assortments  and 
“A  square  deal”  to  everyone. 

_  Price-list  free. 

Redwood,  N.  Y„  Dept.  29 


PUR  SHIPPERS! 

What’s  the  use  of  guessing  at  the  value  of 
your  furs  during  the  season  of  1911-1912 
when  all  that’s  required  to  find  out  their 
real  value  is  to  hook  on  one  of  my 
LITTLE  RED  TAGS  and  say  HOLD  SEPARATE 
Send  me  your  name  and  address  NOW  so 
you  will  be  sure  to  get  reliable  information 
when  the  season  opens  and  get  it  often. 

21 WW  JAS.  P.  ELLIS 


LET  US  TAN 
YOUR  HIDE. 

Cattle  or  Horse  hide.  Calf,  Dog,  Deer, 
or  any  kind  of  skin  with  hair  or  fur  on. 
We  make  them  soft,  light,  odorless, 
wind,  moth  and  water  proof,  and  make 
them  into  coats  (for  men  or  women), 
robes,  rugs  or  gloves  when  so  ordered. 

Your  fur  goods  will  cost  you  less  than 
to  buy  them,  and  be  worth  more.  Send 
three  or  more  cow  or  horse  hides  in  one 
shipment  from  anywhere  east  of  Den¬ 
ver  and  we  pay  tko  freight  both  ways. 

Get  our  illustrated  catalog  which 

gives  prices  of  tanning,  taxidermy  and 
ead  mounting.  Also  prices  of  fur 
goods,  and  big  mounted  game  heads 
we  sell. 

The  Crosby  Frisian  Fur  Company, 

571  Lyell  Ave.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 


DOMESTIC. — The  total  death  list  in  the 
flood  at  Austin,  Pa.,  is  now  put  at  66. 
Kathleen  Lyon  and  Lena  Binckley,  tele¬ 
phone  operators  who  saved  many  lives  by 
notifying  people  that  the  dam  had  given 
way,  have  been  substantially  rewarded  by 
the  telephone  company. 

The  New  York  Superintendent  of  Insur¬ 
ance  was  directed  October  4  by  Supreme 
Court  Justice  Pendleton  to  take  possession 
of  an  insurance  company  that  has  been 
running  an  assessment  concern  for  children 
for  the  last  23  years  at  42  Bible  House, 
New  York,  and  charging  from  three  to  12 
cents  a  month  for  death  benefits  of  from 
$60  to  $90.  The  company  is  the  Work¬ 
men’s  Children’s  Death  Benefit  Fund  and 
the  Superintendent  of  Insurance  asked  per¬ 
mission  to  take  possession  because  the  com¬ 
pany  has  been  doing  business  without 
authority  and  has  been  making  an  attempt 
to  transfer  its  assets  of  $26,610  to  another 
concern  without  permission.  It  has  33,692 
members  in  224  local  lodges. 

The  North  German  Lloyd  liner  Prinz 
Friedrich  Wilhelm  took  from  the  port  of 
New  York  October  5  two  full-grown  Amer¬ 
ican  bison  bound  for  the  big  deer  park  of 
the  Austrian  Emperor  at  Shoenbrunn.  The 
Emperor,  who.  it  is  said,  has  long  been 
interested  in  this  nearly  extinct  breed  of 
animal,  has  decided  to  raise  a  herd  for 
his  park.  Through  agents  abroad  and  in 
this  country  a  splendid  male  and  female 
bison  were  purchased  for  him  recently.  The 
animals  were  put  aboard  in  large  cages  and 
two  attendants  will  accompany  them  to  the 
Emperor’s  park  in  Austria. 

Prominent  wall  paper  jobbers  and  manu¬ 
facturers  in  different  parts  of  the  country 
constituting  the  so-called  wall  paper  trust 
were  indicted  October  5  by  the  Federal 
Grand  Jury  at  Cleveland,  O.,  on  the  charge 
of  conspiring  to  restrain  trade  in  violation 
of  the  Sherman  anti-trust  law.  Among  the 
prominent  men  indicted  is  W.  A.  Iluppueh, 
chairman  of  the  New  York  State  Democratic 
committee,  manager  of  Gov.  Dix’s  political 
campaign  and  member  of  the  State  Public 
Service  Commission.  He  is  president  of 
the  National  Association  of  Wall  Paper 
Manufacturers. 

Fire  in  the  lumber  yard  and  planing  mill 
of  the  Westchester  Woodworking  Company, 
the  Bronx,  N.  Y.,  caused  a  loss  of  $60,000 
October  5  and  for  a  time  threatened  to 
spread  to  the  Catholic  Protectory,  where 
3,500  children  are  sheltered. 

James  A.  Witz  was  arrested  at  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.,  October  6.  on  request  of  the  Indian¬ 
apolis  police,  as  ho  is  wanted  there  to 
answer  an  indictment  charging  him  with 
grand  larceny  in  a  land  deal.  When 
searched  at  police  headquarters  $5,200  was 
found  stitched  in  the  lining  of  his  vest, 
and  the  money  was  scarcely  counted  before 
an  attachment  was  served  on  the  police  by 
local  attorneys,  acting  for  Fred  S.  Angel, 
of  42  Broadway,  New  York,  attorney  for  a 
creditor  to  Witz  in  some  New  York  deal 
in  which  he  had  secured  a  judgment  for 
$5,000.  Indianapolis  reports  that  Witz  was 
indicted  for  selling  to  an  Indiana  farmer  for 
$40,000  some  lands  In  Texas  which  could 
not  be  identified  by  the  deeds,  when  the 
purchaser  went  there  to  make  his  fortune 
raising  onions.  Witz  has  operated  exten¬ 
sively  in  real  estate  in  New  York  and  the 
Southwest. 

The  town  of  Black  River  Falls,  Wis.,  has 
been  wiped  out  of  existence  by  the  rush 
down  tjie  Black  River  Valley  of  the  waters 
of  Lake  Arbutus,  the  artificial  lake  created 
by  the  $500,000  water  power  dam  at  Hat¬ 
field,  five  miles  above  Black  River  Falls. 
The  Black  River  runs  through  a  territory 
largely  given  to  farming,  hut  also  very 
swampy  in  spots,  and  while  the  first  esti¬ 
mates  place  the  possible  financial  loss  at 
$10,000,000  this  figure  is  doubtless  beyond 
the  mark.  The  loss  of  life  was  said  to  he 
four,  warning  being  given  in  time.  Black 
River  Falls  and  the  Black  River  Valley  are 
not  alone  the  sufferers.  Five  counties  in 
western  Wisconsin  are  inundated.  Rest 
dents  of  nearly  100  small  towns,  villages 
and  cities  have  been  forced  to  flee  from 
their  homes.  Many  of  the  scenes  of  deso¬ 
lation  following  the  breaking  of  the  Austin 
dam  are  being  reenacted  in  Lacrosse,  Jack- 
son,  Eauelaire,  Clark  and  Marathon  coun¬ 
ties.  All  of  the  valleys  have  become  filled 
with  debris  while  the  fate  of  many  of  the 
settlers  in  the  less  settled  regions  is  a 
source  of  fear.  Of  Hatfield,  the  village 
at  the  dam,  there  is  not  a  house  or  a  hut 
left  standing.  The  power  plant  itself  is 
intact.  October  9  the  effect  of  the  flood 
was  seen  in  the  Mississippi  River,  which 
had  risen  four  feet  in  two  days. 

The  legal  domicile  of  Mrs.  Mary  Baker 
G.  Eddy,  founder  of  Christian  Science,  was 
at  the  time  of  her  death  in  Concord,  N.  IL, 
according  to  the  rilling  of  James  M.  Mor¬ 
ton,  associate  justice  of  the  Massachusetts 
Supreme  Judicial  Court,  October  10.  At 
the  time  of  Mrs.  Eddy’s  death  she  was 
“temporarily  residing”  in  Massachusetts, 
the  court  held.  The  decision  is  against  the 
contention  of  Attorney  General  James  M. 
Swift  of  Massachusetts  that  the  inheritance 
tax  should  be  paid  to  this  State.  This 
decision  leaves  as  the  only  question  before 
the  Massachusetts  courts  the  right  of  the 
Christian  Science  Church  to  receive  under 
the  will  of  Mrs.  Eddy  real  estate  held  by 
trustees  and  exceeding  $200,000  in  value. 
The  point  at  issue  is  whether  the  gift  is 
not  in  conflict  with  a  statute  which  limits 
Income  to  a  church  in  any  one  year  to 
$2,000. 


Government  Crop  Report. 


The  report 

issued  October  9 

gives  the 

following  comparative  statement 

on  leading 

crops : 

1911 

1910 

10  yr. 
average 

Corn  . 

80.3 

78.6 

Buckwheat  . . 

...  81.4 

SI. 7 

84.2 

Potatoes  . . . . 

...  62.3 

71.8 

75  3 

Tobacco  . 

.  .  .  80.5 

80.2 

83.4 

Flax  . 

...  69.6 

47.2 

78.9 

Rice  . 

88.1 

86.3 

Apples . 

46.4 

52.4 

The  Ohio  State  Board  of  Agriculture 
give  the  potato  crop  for  the  State  as  52 
per  ’  cent  of  normal ;  fruit,  125  per  cent, 
and  corn,  91.  Oats,  wheat  and  rye  are 
below  the  average. 


M&ke  Your 
Fall  and 
Winter 
Dairying' 
Profitable 

The  wasteful  losses  of  any  “gravity”  setting  system  or  poor  cream 
separator  are  always  greatest  when  the  milk  is  often  cool  or  the  cows  are 
old  in  lactation,  and  under  these  conditions,  with  butter  prices  highest,  the 
use  of  the  best  cream  separator  becomes  even  more  important  than  at  any 
other  season,  so  that  a 

DE  LAVAL 

Will  Save  Its  Cost  by  Spring 

With  any  setting  system  you  are  wasting  at  least  a  quarter  of  your 
product  at  this  season,  with  cream  and  butter  values  highest,  while  the 
superiority  of  the  De  Laval  to  other  separators  is  always  greatest  under  the 
difficult  conditions  of  separation,  particularly  in  the  skimming  of  cool  milk. 

Why  delay  your  purchase  of  a  De  Laval  until  another  Spring  ?  Put  it 
in  now  and  let  it  save  its  own  cost  meanwhile.  And,  as  to  that,  you  may 
either  buy  for  cash  or  on  such  liberal  terms  that  the  machine  will  actually 
pay  for  itself.  * 

You  may  prove  all  this  by  test  to  your  own  satisfaction.  See  the  local 
De  Laval  agent  or  communicate  directly  with  the  Company. 

The  De  Laval  Separator  Co. 

NEW  YORK  CHICAGO  SAN  FRANCISCO  SEATTLE 


A  Harvester 

A  Plow 

A  Threshing 
Machine 

Y ou  will  use  three  or 
four  days  in  a  year, 

but  a 


Sharpies  Mechanical  Milker 

is  useful  twice  a  day  every  day. 

Let  us  give  you  the  details. 

Ask  for  catalogue  “  E  ” 

DAIRY  SPECIALTY  CO.,  Trust  Bldg.,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


ie  My  Shipping  Tag  to  Your 
Next  Shipment  of  Furs- — 

and  see  what  a  difference  there  will  be  in  the  cash  you  will  re¬ 
ceive  for  your  trapping. 

I  Have  No  Padded  Price  Lists — but  I  Grade  Honestly 


Grade  and  V alue  Y our  Own  Furs — if  I  can  not  pay  your  price  or  more, 
I  will  return  them  to  you,  express  prepaid.  You  have  probably  had 
some  experience  with  firms  making  glorious  promises  of  big  prices, 
only  to  disappoint  you  by  "sharp”  grading. 

r  6  years  of  honest  dealing  and  thousands  of  testimonials  from  trappers  testify  as  to 
straightforward  treatment  of  my  shippers.  I  pay  express  charges  on  all  shipments  over  $10. 
_  nd  remittances  are  forwarded  same  day  furs  are  received.  I  do  not  solicit  shipments  amount¬ 
ing  to  less  than  $10.00.  Any  shipment  of  furs  held  separate  for  yonr  approval  if  you  request  it. 
r  •  will  telegraph  valuation  upon  consignments  amounting  to  $100.00  or  upwards.  Write  today  for 
full  information,  latest  prices  and  valuable  advice.  I  will  give  you  my  personal  attention.  Address: 

MU,„  M.  Mg...  M.  SLOMAN  &  CO.,  faSg-  iSSiBkHa: 


AGENTS  $3  a  Day 

■“  NEW  PATENTED  AUTOMATIC 

CURRY  COMB 

Made  of  best  cold  rolled 
steel.  Horsemen  delighted. 
Takes  just  half  the  time 
to  clean  a  horse.  Keeps 
the  teeth  always  clean: 
no  dogging  with  hair  and 
It’ 8  a  dandy.  Sold  14  last 
Easy  seller.  Big  profits. 
Free  sample  to  workers. 
Wayne  St.,  Dayton,  Ohio 


COOK  YOUR  FEED  and  SAVE 
,  Half  the  Cost— with  the 

PROFIT  FARM  BOILER 


With  Dumping  Caldron.  Empties 
its  kettle  in  one  minute.  The  simplest 
and  best  arrangement  for  cooking 
food  for  stock.  Also  make  Dairy  and 
Laundry  Stoves,  Water  and 
Steam  Jacket  Kettles.  Hog 
Scalders,  Caldrons. etc.  t3P-Send 
for  particulars  and  ask  for  circula*  J 
D.  E.  SFEERY  &  CO..  Batavia,  lu. 


1040 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


October  21, 


MILK. 

The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.81 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  3%  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


At  the  National  Dairy  Show,  Chicago, 
October  26-November  4,  a  $1,000  trophy 
with  second  and  third  prizes  of  $250  and 
$100,  will  be  given  for  the  best  herds 
of  five  cows  of  any  one  breed.  The  cows 
need  not  all  be  owned  by  the  same  person. 
Entries  close  October  15. 


Prices  paid  for  milk,  $1.50,  average  price 
per  year,  and  retail  about  five  cents  per 
quart.  Prices  for  live  stock :  Cows,  from 
$25  to  $75  per  head ;  yearlings,  $41 ; 
heifers,  $15  to  $25  ;  bulls,  three  cents  per 
pound,  live  weight ;  horses,  from  $50  to 
$350 ;  hogs,  six  cents,  live  weight ;  calves 
for  veal,  seven  cents  per  pound.  Poultry, 
10  cents  per  pound.  Hay,  from  $8  to  $12 
per  ton.  Oats,  50  cents  per  bushel.  Corn, 
$1.50  per  hundred.  Manure,  $1  per  load. 

1  do  not  know  the  price  of  corn  silage  at 
retail,  because  we  farmers  feed  it  out  to  oqr 
own  stock,  but  I  should  judge  it  is  worth 
one-half  as  much  as  hay  for  fodder.  L.  s. 

West  Martinsburg,  N.  Y. 

The  Bordens  control  the  price  of  milk 
here.  The  price  for  the  next  six  months  is 
as  follows:  October,  $1.75  per  100  pounds; 
November,  $1.90;  December,  $1.90;  January, 
$1.85;  February,  $1.80;  March,  $1.65. 
These  prices  are  about  1.0  cents  lower  than 
the  farmers  expected.  The  hay  crop  is 
short  and  corn  is  not  what  it  ought  to  be 
on  account  of  the  dry  weather.  I  do  not 
think  there  will  be  as  many  cows  as  usual 
this  Winter ;  many  had  to  sell  their  cows 
on  account  of  fodder.  Hay  is  $15  per  ton 
In  the  barn.  Farmers  are  not  satisfied 
with  the  price  of  milk.  Feed  is  high.  Bran, 
$28  per  ton  ;  gluten,  $30  to  $34 ;  cornmeal, 
$30 ;  oilmcal,  $40.  M.  n.  B. 

Poolville,  N.  Y. 

The  Michigan  Condensed  Milk  Co.  pay  for 
milk,  October  $1.75  per  100  pounds;  No¬ 
vember  $1.90  per  100  pounds;  December, 
$1.90  per  100  pounds.  Retails  at  Herki¬ 
mer,  eight  cents  per  quart-  at  Frankfort, 
six  cents ;  at  Ilion,  six  cents.  We  have  had 
but  few  auctions  yet.  Cows,  fresh  milkers, 
$50  to  $75.  No.  1.  hay,  $18;  No.  2,  $16. 
Potatoes  $1  a  bushel.  Apples,  Fall,  50  to 
60  cents  per  bushel.  Apples,  Winter,  $2  to 
$2.25  per  barrel.  Pork,  $9.50  per  100 
pounds,  up  to  200  pounds,  over  200  pounds 
$9  per  100  pounds.  No  silage  sold  yet; 
manure  never  sold  only  at  city  stables  at 
50  cents  per  load.  Apples  fair  crop;  pota¬ 
toes  one-quarter  crop ;  corn  good. 

Frankfort,  N.  Y.  P.  A. 

New  Zealand  is  becoming  a  great  dairy 
section.  It  bids  fair  to  have  more  dairy 
cows  to  the  mile  than  any  other  country. 
Dairymen  have  studied  to  find  an  output 
for  their  milk.  They  are  finding  it  iq 
powdered  milk,  vast  quantities  of  which 
are  being  made  from  skim-milk.  This  is 
used  for  various  purposes  such  as  infant’s 
food,  tea  or  coffee,  or  for  cooking  and  also 
for  making  milk  chocolates.  The  physi¬ 
cians  recommend  it  to  their  patients  as 
food,  and  thus  great  markets  are  devel¬ 
oped.  It  is  largely  used  also  for  expedi¬ 
tions  to  the  South  Pole,  where  with  dried 
meat  and  biscuits  it  gives  the  chief  de¬ 
pendence  for  food.  The  expedition  just 
starting  for  the  South  Pole  has  ordered 
two  tons  of  this  powdered  milk.  The  de¬ 
velopment  of  this  industry  is  expected 
greatly  to  increase  the  prosperity  of  New 
Zealand  dairymen. 

An  all  day  session  of  the  congress  of 
the  national  commission  on  milk  standards 
called  by  the  New  York  milk  committee 
was  held  October  5  at  the  Academy  of  Medi¬ 
cine,  17  West  Forty-third  street,  New  York. 
In  accordance  with  the  resolutions  adopted 
by  the  commission  at  its  Spring  convention 
an  effort  is  being  made  to  decide  upon  a 
classification  and  standards  suitable  for 
adoption  by  the  health  boards  of  all  cities 
in  the  United  States,  and  the  meeting  was 
devoted  to  a  discussion  of  the  reports  of 
special  committees.  The  commission  form¬ 
ally  adopted  the  report  of  the  committee  on 
classification,  which  provides  for  four  grades 
of  milk,  certified,  inspected,  pasteurized  and  - 
cooking,  only  the  first  three  to  be  used  for 
drinking.  The  report  of  the  committee  on 
bacteria,  which  was  also  adopted,  recom¬ 
mends  that  in  the  first  grade  of  milk 
the  bacteria  shall  not  exceed  10,000  to  the 
cubic  centimeter,  in  the  second  the  number 
shall  be  limited  to  100,000  and  in  the 
third  the  maximum  shall  be  1,000,000  before 
pasteurization,  and  50,000  after  pasteuriza¬ 
tion.  The  fourth  grade,  known  as  cook¬ 
ing  milk,  must  also  be  pasteurized  be¬ 
fore  it  shall  be  pronounced  fit  for  use  by 
official  inspectors. 


Milk  Organization  Proposed. — Recently 
a  conference  was  held  at  Newburg,  N.  Y., 
at  which  two  representatives  of  a  New 
York  organization  who  claim  to  have  a 
large  capital,  proposed  a  union  with  the 
Dairymen’s  League,  which  is  becoming  a 
strong  factor  in  favor  of  the  farmers.  The 
object  of  the  union  is  to  eliminate  the  mid¬ 
dlemen,  but  the  league  committee  were 
somewhat  wary,  postponing  action  until  the 
New  York  Union  and  its  backers  could  be 
investigated.  The  league  is  affiliated  with 
the  State  Grange,  the  following  committee 
being  appointed  to  investigate  further  the 
proposition : :  President,  J.  Y.  Gerow ; 

Oscar  Bailey,  D.  II.  Siltern,  L.  M.  Hardin, 
A.  Manning,  Otisville,  N.  including  the 
Dairymen’s  League  vice-president,  Warren 
D.  Haggerty,  of  New  Jersey. 

Another  Milk  Hold-up. 

“Has  a  city  a  right  to  shut  any  and  all 
farmers’  milk  out  of  its  markets,  regardless 
of  its  purity,  and  sanitary  condition,  unless 
its  own  officials  have  first  entered  the  prem¬ 
ises,  and  inspected  and  approved  all  the 
conditions  and  methods  found?” 

I  have  never  heard  of  as  good  a  case 
for  a  test  suit  as  my  own  recent  experi¬ 
ence.  That  was  the  only  issue  involved, 
and  it  was  squarely  defined.  The  trouble 
started  over  a  little  horse  manure  that  had 
accumulated  while  we  were  at  our  haying, 
in  a  field  at  the  back  of  the  barn,  where 
my  cows  are  never  allowed.  The  inspector 
must  have  discovered  it  as  he  was  driving 
by  the  farm  on  August  7.  The  Board  of 
Health  of  Middletown  sent  me  a  notice  by 
mail  under  date  of  August  9  that  my  milk 
would  not  be  allowed  in  the  city  until  it 
•was  removed.  It  so  happened  that  I  had 
it  removed  when  the  notice  reached  me. 

I  was  selling  my  milk  to  a  neighbor,  who 
was  peddling  it  in  Middletown  in  connec¬ 
tion  with  his  own  milk.  Both  of  us  live 
outside  of  the  city  in  the  township  of  Wall- 
kill.  I  notified  my  neighbor  in  writing 
that  I  had  ‘‘complied  with  the  require¬ 
ments  of  the  Board  of  Health,  as  per  notice 
of  August  9,  in  all  particulars,”  and  paid 
no  further  attention  to  the  matter.  On 
August  22  he  refused  to  accept  the  milk, 
saying  that  he  had  given  my  written  notice 
to  the  health  officer,  who  told  him  that  his 
license  would  be  revoked  if  he  accepted  any 
more  of  it  until  after  my  place  has  been 
again  inspected  and  O.  K.’d  or  words  to  that 
effect.  The  point  raised  at  this  time  was 
that  everything  had  to  be  done  “subject 
to  the  approval  of  the  health  officer.”  It- 
looks  as  if  he  was  looking  for  another  day’s 
pay.  On  the  24th  he  showed  up  in  an 
auto,  looked  around,  and  gave  me  an  in¬ 
spection  card  on  which  is  written  “Con¬ 
ditions  good  and  satisfactory.”  I  can 
swear  that  they  were  exactly  as  they  were 
when  the  mil*  was  stopped.  This  card 
Will  prove  from  his  own  mouth  that  he 
stopped  the  milk  when  “conditions  were 
good  and  satisfactory.”  I  bad  to  feed  my 
milk  to  the  hens  at  a  pecuniary  loss,  and 
my  neighbor  had  to  pay  an  extra  price 
to  get  milk  to  replace  it.  o.  w.  mapes. 

Orange  Co.,  N.  Y. 


A  9000-pound  load  of  Dried  Beet  Pulp  ready  for  delivery,  starting  ouf 
from  our  Agency  in  Deposit,  N.  Y. 


Get  One  of  These  Sacks 


We  Want  Ten  Thousand  Farmers 
Each  to  Get  One  of  These  Sacks 

WE  have  Ten  Thousand  100-lb.  sacks  of  Dried 
Beet  Pulp  that  we  want  to  send  to  ten  thousand 
cow  owners  within  the  next  two  months. 

Every  sack  will  go  out  under  this  positive  guaranty : 

That  it  must  please  you  or  you  get  the  sack  free, 

A  100-lb.  sack  will  provide  Dried  Beet  Pulp  daily  for 
one  cow  for  three  weeks — usually  a  trifle  more — long 
enough  to  test  out  to  your  own  satisfaction  that  it  will 

— bring  and  keep  the  milk  production  up  to  the 
greatest  limit  of  flow. 

— keep  cattle  healthy  and  ( especially )  free  from 
digestive  disorders. 

— give  cattle  that  sleek ,  fine  appearance  which 
is  the  outward  sign  of  perfect  condition. 

It  is  no  trouble  to  feed  Dried  Beet  Pulp.  Feed  it  dry,  just  as  it  comes 
from  the  bag,  or  moisten  it.  The  latter  method  is  the  way  we  advise 
doing,  because  we  believe  that  moistened  bulky  food  is  more  com¬ 
pletely  assimilated. 

But  how  you  feed  is  not  a  condition  of  this  test  or  of  our  guaranty. 


DRIED  BEET  PU  LP 


THE  FEED  TH ATS  GUARANTEED 


We  know  that  you  want  to  get  the  most  milk  possible  at  the  least 
possible  cost,  If  we  can’t  help  you  do  that,  we  don’t  propose  to  make 
you  pay  for  having  tried  our  plan. 

We  do  know  that  with  many  thousand  feeders  Dried  Beet  Pulp  is  an 
invaluable  part  of  the  ration.  No  other  food  seems  to  retain  bulk  in 
the  stomach  to  an  equal  degree.  The  result  is  that  the  concentrates 
— the  protein  portions — are  more  fully  digested.  Therefore,  a  given 
amount  of  food  will  make  a  larger  amount  of  milk  than  with  any 
other  combination  of  feed. 

How  to  Get  a  Sack  for  Trial 

Go  to  your  dealer  where  you  buy 
your  feed  and  get  a  100-lb.  sack  of 
Dried  Beet  Pulp.  Include  it  in  the 
daily  ration  (cutting  out  some  other 
feed).  If  you  write  us,  we  will  tell 
you,  free,  how  to  change  the  ration. 

Keep  a  record  of  the  amount  of  milk 
you  are  getting  now.  Then  compare 


it  with  what  you  get  while  feeding 
Dried  Beet  Pulp. 

When  the  100  pounds  are  all  used,  if 
you  are  not  satisfied  go  to  your  dealer 
and  he  will  give  you  your  money  back. 
If  your  dealer  does  not  handle  Dried 
Beet  Pulp,  write  to  us  and  we  will  see 
that  you  are  supplied. 


Our  Protective  Guarantee 


We  guarantee  that  any  sack  of  our 
Dried  Beet  Pulp  bought  for  trial, 
either  direct  from  us  or  through  a 
dealer,  will  prove  satisfactory  to  the 
buyer,  or  we  will  refund  the  pur¬ 
chase  price. 


Larger  quantities  can  be  bought  with 
the  privilege  of  trying  one  sack  and  if 
found  unsatisfactory,  the  entire  pur¬ 
chase  price  will  be  refunded  if  the  un¬ 
used  portion  is  shipped  in  accordance 
with  instructions  to  be  received  from  us. 


Dried  Beet  Pulp  is  uniformly  satisfactory  in  the  feeding  of  horses, 
steers,  hogs,  sheep  and  poultry.  We  have  a  little,  helpful  book  called 
“Feeding  for  Larger  Profits.”  We  want  to  send  you  a  Copy,  so  ask  for 
it.  It  will  give  you  some  new  facts  on  the  feeding  question.  Address 
* 

The  larrowe  Milling  Co.,  Box  608,  Ford  Bldg.,  Detroit,  Mich. 


1911, 

The  Henyard. 

Roup  in  Fowls. 

Our  chickens  and  turkeys  sneeze  and 
snuffle  and  rattle  in  the  tin-oat.  The  drop¬ 
pings  are  at  times  green  and  yellow.  Later 
their  heads  become  swollen  and  eyes  get 
sore.  They  get  very  sore  throats  with  yel¬ 
low  spots  and  sometimes  die.  What  is  it? 

Pennsylvania.  a.  h.  t. 

I  would  say  that  your  fowls  were  suf¬ 
fering  from  a  severe  epidemic  of  diphtheretic 
roup.  Is  your  house  well  ventilated  and 
free  from  dampness?  These  are  more  often 
than  not  the  cause  of  such  trouble.  As 
soon  as  a  bird  shows  any  of  the  symptoms 
you  describe,  dip  the  head  for  a  moment 
in  kerosene  or  a  mixture,  half  and  half,  of 
kerosene  and  olive  oil.  This  should  clean 
out  the  affected  parts  and  kill  the  germs, 
riace  the  sick  bird  in  a  dry  comfortable 
place  away  from  those  that  are  well  and 
feed  on  bread  soaked  in  milk  and  water. 
Fowls  that  have  this  trouble  are  very  liable 
to  have  it  again  and  I  would  not  advise 
you  to  breed  from  them  another  year. 

R.  B. 


The  Lakenvelder  Poultry. 

In  Holland  this  breed  is  very  common. 
They  are  valued  for  their  egg  production. 
German  fanciers  introduced  them  into 
Germany  for  exhibition  uses.  London 
breeders  afterward  carried  them  to  Eng¬ 
land,  both  for  exhibition  birds  and  for  eggs. 
They  were  called  in  Holland  in  early  years 
the  Jerusalem  or  everlasting  layers ;  af¬ 
terward  the  name  Lakenvelder  was  given' 
them.  About  10  years  ago  they  were  in¬ 
troduced  into  New  York,  mainly  as  show 
birds.  They  create  a  sensation  wherever 
exhibited  by  their  great  beauty.  They  have 


A  LAKENVELDER  COCKEREL.  Fig.  417. 

a  unique  combination  in  color  of  white 
and  black  that  pleases  the  eye ;  a  perfect 
picture  of  ‘‘a  shadow  on  a  sheet,”  as  their 
name  Lakenvelder  implies.  The  head,  neck 
and  tail  are  jet  black,  the  wings  tipped 
with  black,  and  the  body  creamy  white. 
They  are  a  small  breed,  not  adapted  for  a 
market  fowl,  but  their  laying  qualities  are 
good.  They  are  easily  kept  because  of 
their  foraging  habits.  They  stand  con¬ 
finement  well.  The  young  chick  is  active 
and  healthy.  They  grow  quite  rapidly. 
One  peculiarity  about  the  chicks  is  their 
variations  in  color  when  hatched  ;  some  are 
white,  some  buff  and  occasionally  a  black 
one,  but  as  they  grow  older  they  put  on 
the  Lakenvelder  color.  In  our  Spring 
hatches  we  had  a  few  variations,  but  they 
are  coming  out  in  true  colors  now.  The 
hens  are  sitters  and  make  careful  mothers 
to  their  broods.  Eggs  are  medium  in  size, 
quite  round  and  pure  white  in  color.  But 
few  breeders  have  them  as  yet,  and  it  will 
be  some  time  before  they  will  be  sub¬ 
mitted  to  the  public.  The  picture,  Fig. 
417,  is  from  a  photograph  of  a  10-months- 
old  cockerel,  hatch  of  1910.  We  intend 
comparing  this  breed  with  the  R.  I.  Reds 
for  laying  qualities.  If  they  come  any 
way  near  the  Reds  in  egg  production  their 
value  will  be  great  because  of  their  having 
great  beauty  as  show  birds  in  connection 
with  being  good  layers. 


HOOSIEK. 


Scaly  Leg. — Please  tell  me  how  to  pre¬ 
vent  scaly  legs.  I  know  the  cure,  but  want 
the  prevention.  mrs.  a.  h.  a. 

Unclean  litter  or  infection  from  other 
fowls  are  the  causes  of  scaly  leg.  Cleanli¬ 
ness  is  probably  the  best  prevention.  Kero¬ 
sene  sprayed  frequently  in  the  litter  will 
keep  the  legs  clean  from  scale,  as  well  as 
keep  down  the  lice. 

Cement  Floors. — How  thick  should  ce¬ 
ment  henhouse  floors  be?  How  much  should 
a  cement  floor  8  by  1G  feet  cost  for  labor 
of  regular  mason,  and  including  material? 

L.  R.  M. 

If  the  foundation  ground  is  solid,  from 
2%  to  three  inches  would  be  thick  enough. 
However,  if  the  ground  is  loose,  from  three 
to  four  inches  should  be  used.  If  material 
is  at  hand  the  above  floor  should  be  built 
for  about  seven  to  eight  cents  a  square 
foot.  C.  II.  s. 

A  Precocious  Pullet.— I  was  very 
much  interested  in  the  record  of  five  pul¬ 
lets  given  in  a  recent  issue  of  The  R.  N.-Y. 
I  have  a  pullet  that  seems  to  interest 
1  veryone  who  knows  of  her  and  perhaps 
her  record  to  date  will  interest  some  of 
your  readers.  She  is  a  barred  Plymouth 
Rock  and  was  hatched  this  year,  March  17, 


THE  RURAb  NEW- 

and  on  August  15  she  laid  her  first  egg 
From  then  on  she  laid  every  day  with  the 
exception  of  two  days,  laying  in  all  19 
eggs.  She  then  wanted  to  sit,  but  owing 
to  our  moving  to  a  larger  place  we  could 
not  set  her.  However,  after  moving  her, 
she  still  wanted  to  sit,  and  on  September 
9  we  set  her  on  12  eggs  and  on  the  30tb 
she  hatched  eight  healthy  chicks  out  of  10 
fertile  eggs.  h.  r.  u. 

Richmond  Borough,  N.  Y. 

U.  S.  Consul  Loop  of  London,  England, 
says  this  about  poultry  grit :  “The  Eng¬ 
lish  manufacturers  of  poultry  grit  deal 
directly  with  the  retailers  to  the  exclusion 
of  middlemen.  The  ruling  retail  price 
during  August.  1911,  was  two  cents  per 
pound,  nine  cents  per  five  pounds,  or  12 
cents  per  seven  pounds.  Ground  oyster 
shells  may  be  had  for  two  cents  a  pound, 
but  are  usually  42  cents  per  28-pound 
package. 

To  secure  a  greater  interest  in  the  sub¬ 
ject  of  bee  raising  and  poultry  farms  the 
exhibits  committee  of  the  Panama-Califor- 
nia  International  Exposition  to  be  held  at 
San  Diego,  California,  in  1915,  are  cor¬ 
responding  with  the  officials  of  State  as¬ 
sociations  of  those  industries.  The  object 
is  to  arrange  a  competition  among  the 
apiarists  and  poultrymen  in  1915.  Prizes 
may  be  offered  along  lines  suggested  to 
the  committee. 

Indian  Runner  Ducks. — I  was  very 
much  surprised  to  hear  what  II.  A.  L.  had 
to  say  in  regard  to  Indian  Runner  ducks. 

My  experience  was  quite  different.  I  bought 
a  trio,  unrelated,  last  Autumn,  and  the 
ducks  laid  well  until  late  in  January.  I 
decided  they  were  not  properly  cared  for, 
as  they  were  sleeping  on  the  ground,  with 
slight  shelter.  Soon  after  they  were  made 
more  comfortable  ;  the  last  of  February  they 
began  to  lay.  We  were  soon  having  two 
eggs  a  day  from  the  two  ducks ;  rarely 
would  one  miss  a  day.  In  April  I  kept  a 
record  and  I  had  57  eggs  out  of  a  possible 
60.  I  found  the  eggs  hatched  wonderfully, 
and  the  ducklings  were  strong,  and  did  not 
mind  getting  wet,  as  the  PelCins  do.  The 
family  pronounce  them  the  best  we  have 
ever  had  for  roasting,  being  more  like  a 
wild  duck.  The  eggs  are  far  better  for 
cooking  than  hens’  eggs.  They  make  a 
richer  custard  or  squash  pie,  and  there  is 
nothing  like  them  for  pound  cake.  The  In¬ 
dian  Runner  has  come  to  stay  on  my  farm. 
Massachusetts.  a.  l.  h. 


YORKER 


LIVE  STOCK  PROFITS 

depend  upon  the  feed  and  care.  The  feed  isxifflrst 
Importance.  Roots  have  their 
place  in  the  feeding  economy  j 
of  every  barn  and  stable. 

BANNER  ROOT  GUTTERS 

prepare  roots  quicker  and  in  bet-1 
ter  formfor  feeding  toall  kindsof  live 
stock  than  they  can  beprepared  in  any 
other  way.  Takes  a  half-round  chip 

out  of  the  root.  No  slicing,  cubing  or _ 

grinding.  Nothing  can  choke  on  the  “ban- _ 

ner  root  chips.”  Seven  sizes  for  hand  or  power. 
Prices  within  easy  reach  of  any  man  owning  any 
stock  of  any  kind.  Write  for  book  of  facts 
O.  E.  THOMPSON  &  SONS,  Ypsilanti,  Michigan 


FOR  MENDING  HARNESS 

Ittakes  •  shoes,  tents,  awnings,  pulley  belts,  oar- 
a  wax  pets,  saddles,  suitcases,  buggy  tops, 

thread,  da6h  boards,  or  any  heavy  material, 

feeds  Stewaiit' s  Automatic 

from  spool  and  AWL  isthoonly  per- 

does  the  work  of  TtFjy  ect  Sewing 

any  harness  maker  Awl. 

machine.  It  is  ind 
pensable  for  farmers, 

Agents  wanted.  Sent  prepaid  m 

for  $1.25.  Send  at  once  for  Pm 

catalog.  STEW  ART-SKINNER  CO. 

35  Hermon  Street.  Worcester,  Mass. 

HARVEY  BOLSTER  SPRINGS 

-Soon  save  their  cost.  Make  every  waggon  a  spring  A 
V  wagon,  therefore  fruit,  vegetables,  eggs,  etc.,  f 
B  bring  more  money.  Ask  for  special  proposition.  1 

J  liar? ej  bpring  Co.#  71<M7th  St.,  lUelne,  WU.I 


GUARANTEED 


[■Save  25^- 

Per  Dollar  On  Feed 

Feed  the  cob  with  the  corn— it’s  better— cheaper 
—it  gives  bulk  as  well  as  nutrition— aids  digestion 
—fattens  stock  quicker— produces  more  milk. 

lleiv  (s/falland 

gpssa  Feed  Mills 


rind  easiest  and  quickest 


grind  eai 
Sturdily  constructed— last  a 
lifetime— will  cut  all  kinds  of 
grain,  roots  and  vegetables. 
We  have  priced  these  mills 
very  low  to  ensure  big  sales. 
Write  to-day  for  catalogue 
and  low  prices. 

New  Holland  Machine  Co. 

Box  41,  New  Holland,  Pa. 


SCIENTIFIC  SWEEP  MILL 

Double  Action.  Triple  Geared 

iThis  No.  5  is  one  of  our 
leading  Feed  Mills.  Particu¬ 
larly  adapted  for  grinding 
oar  corn  and  small  grain  for  stock 
feed.  A  medium  priced  mill  that 

Gives  Satisfaction 

Strong,  durable  and 
easy  running.  Mounted 
on  a  heavy  hardrwood 
box.  Fully  guaranteed. 

Write  for  free  catalog. 

Over20  styles  and  sizes. 

THE  BAUER  BROS.  CO.,  Bor  415  Springfield,  Ohio 


Loading  carriers  with  asphalt  at  Trinidad  Lake 

Go  to  the  bottom  of  the 
roofing  question — if  you 
want  to  save  money  on  your 
roof, 

Don  t  be  caught  by  mere 
looks  and  mysterious  terms. 
Find  out  what  the  roofing  is 
made  of. 

And  the  time  to  find  out  is 
before  you  buy — it  is  often 
costly  to  find  out  afterward 

Genasco 

the  Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt  Roofing 

is  made  of  natural  asphalt. 

The  difference  between  natural  as¬ 
phalt  and  manufactured  or  artificial 
‘‘asphalts*’  is  great.  Natural  Trinidad 
Lake  asphalt  contains  natural  oils  which 
give  it  lasting  life.  They  are  sealed  in 
Genasco  and  stay  there  to  defend  it  per¬ 
manently  against  rain,  sun,  wind,  heat, 
and  cold. 

Artificial  asphalts  are  residual  prod¬ 
ucts.  Same  way  with  coal  tar.  They 
are  mixed  with  oils  which  makes  them 
pliable  for  a  while,  but  the  oils  evapo- 
rate  quickly  when  exposed  to  sun  and 
air;  they  leave  the  roofing  lifeless,  and 
it  cracks  and  leaks.  f 

When  you  get  Genasco  you  can  be 
sure  of  roofing  that  lasts.  And  roofing 
that  lasts  is  the  only  kind  worth  having. 

The  Kant-leak  Kleet  is  thelasting  waterproof 
fastening  for  seams— prevents  nail-leaks,  and 
does  away  with  unsightly  cement. 

Ask  your  dealer  for  either  Genasco  mineral 
or  smooth  surface  roofings  with  Kant-leak  Kleets 
packed  in  the  roll.  Fully  guaranteed.  Write 
for  the  Good  Roof  Guide  Book  and  samples. 

The  Barber  Asphalt 
Paving  Company 


New  York 


Largest  producers  of  asphalt,  and  largest 
manufacturers  of  ready  roofing  In  the  world. 


Philadelphia 

San  Francisco  Chicago 


Cross-section  Genasco  Model  Roofing 


Crushed  Quartz 
T rinidad  Lake  Asphalt 
— Asphalt-saturated  Wool  Felt 
Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 
Asphalt-saturated  Burlap 
Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 


1041 

MAKE  HENS  LAY 

By  feeding  raw  bone.  Its  egg-producing  value  is  four 
times  that  of  grain.  Eggs  more  fertile,  chicks  morn 
vigorous,  broilers  earlier,  fowls  heavier  t 
prolits  larger.  1 

MANN’S  Villi  Bone  Cutter 

Cuts  all  bone  with  adhering  meat  and 
gristle.  Never  clogs.  10  Days’  Freo  Trial. 

No  money  in  advance. 

Send  Today  tor  Free  Book. 

F.  W.  Mann  Co.,  Box  15,  Milford,  MassJ 

MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1844 
R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill,  N.Y. 

C  fin fl  Single-Combed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 
JUUU  Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
.  ,  .  Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 

right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  best  seiections.  Largest  success* 
ful  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  and  Cock- 
erels;  any  Quantity  ;it  attractive  prices;  bred-to-lav 
kind. _ SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Fleminoton,  N.  J. 

BLANCHARD'S  STRAIN 

S.  C.  W.  LEGHORN  HENS  and  COCKERELS. 

_ J.  O.  VOOKHEKS,  Groton,  N.  Y. 

STERLING  STRAIN  S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS-Express  paid 

w  on  all  stock  purchased  in  October.  March,  April 
and  May  hatched  Cockerels— May  hatched  Pullets. 
W rite  for  prices.  W.  Sterlinp  &  Son,  Cutchooue,  N.  Y. 

DULLETS  AND  YEARLING  HENS,  W.  6  B. 

*  Leghorns,  W.  Wyandottes,  from  80  cents  each 

PULLETS  and  YEARLING  HENS  2°fjFS&vJt 

dottes,  single  and  rose  comb;  Brown  and  W.  Leg¬ 
horns,  R.  I.  Reds;  from  80  cents  per  head  up.  Write 
for  just  what  you  want  and  how  much  you  wish  to 
invest.  Maple  Cove  Poultry  Yards,  R.  24  Athens,  Pa. 

BARRFD  ROfKS  white  rocks, 

DAftALU  IVRJL,I\.D  PARTRIDGE  WYAN- 
DOTTES,  PARTRIDGE  COCHINS.  We  have  a 
fine  lot  of  youngsters.  Prize-winning  strain. 

MINCH  BKOS.,  Route  8,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  M ay  return  at  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  G02  Fifth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

*"  ‘  -  i  ■■  —  ..  m 

INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS— Genuine  white  egg  strain. 

I  $0.00  per  trio.  R.  C.  B.  Minorcas,  Cockerels. 
75  cents  each.  GEO.  BOWDISH,  Esperance,  N.  Y. 

INDIAN  RUNNER  BUCKS  and  Barred  Ply- 
mouth  Rock  Cockerels  at  farmers’  prices.  Write 
me  your  wants.  G.  F.  Williamson,  Flanders,  N.  J. 

THE  FARMER'S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
I  layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 

•OUPERB  STRAIN”  WHITE  WYANDOTTES -Selected  COCK- 
°  ERELS  for  breeding,  $”.00  and  $11.00  each,  this 
month.  If  they  don’t  please,  return  at  our  ex¬ 
pense.  OWNLAND  FARM,  Box  437,  South  Hammond,  N.  Y. 

0(1  EGGS  $1.00— Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
ZU  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Book  let  free.  Large  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 

— Don't  fail  to  secure  Stock  and 

-  Eggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 

EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS.  Marietta,  Pa. 


POULTRYMEN’ 


Ofjf|  PULLETS  FOR  SALE— May  hatched  Wychoff 
A  U  U  strain  S.  C.  W.  Leghorns.  Finely  developed 
farm  range  stock,  $1.25  each.  Dr.  M.B.Dean,  Candor,  N.Y. 

Snow  White  Wyandottes  ^nurgehdrto 

lay.  Circular  free.  Goldenrod  Farm.  Stewartstown,  Pa. 


CLARK’S 
CUTAWAY 
PLOW 


REVERSIBLE 
BUSH  and  BOG 


This  machine  is  built  especially  to  subdue  newly 
cleared  timber  land  and  bogs  to  a  seed-bed  lit 
for  a  garden.  Twenty-live  years  of  experience  has 
taught  us  howto  build  this  machine  right.  It  is  de¬ 
signed  for  efllciency,  strength,  and  durability.  *  Its 
use  means  destruction  to  bushes,  bunch  grass,  morning 
lories,  or  any  wild  plant  that  is  preventing  best  cultivation. 
It  has  eight21-inch  “Cutaway”  cutlery  steeldisks,  which  cut  a 
strip  5  ft.  wide  and  9  inches  deep.  It  will  throw  the 
soil  to  or  from  the  center,  leaving  the  land  level. 

This  tool  makes  money  for  the  owner  every 
year,  and  its  life  is  indefinite. 

Shipping  weight,  625  lbs. 

W ri  te  today  for  free  booklet 
‘‘Intensive  Cultivation.”  It 
fully  describes  our  complete 
line  of  tools  for  every  crop. 


100% 

CROPS 


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839  Main  St. 
HIGGANUM,  -  CONN 


fours! 

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Your  Cows  Need  Comfort 


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Give  it  to  them  with  Louden’s  Sanitary  Stalls  and  Stanchions. 

anfl  over  by  tho  increased  both  quantity  and 
37*  J^y  * a,.‘d  V1®  “atisfaction  of  having  a  barn  equipped  with 

the  most  economical  and  up-to-date  sanitary  barn  equipment  made. 
Louden  S  Steel  Stalls  are  madeof  tubular  steel.  Simple,  strong  and 
practically  indestructible.  Once  installed  they  are  there  for  a  life- 
am,pl°  ventilation,  light  and  perfect  sanitation. 
They  have  no  flat  surfaces  to  catch  and  hold  dirt.  Made  for  either 
cement  or  wooden  floors.  owner 

Louden’s  Stanchions— are  the  perfect  stanchions,  affording  the  cow 
almost  the  same  freedom  when  feeding  or  sleeping  as  if  free  vet 
keepa  them  perfectly  lined  up  at  all  times.  Catch  is  easily  or^ned 

8  IVn  W  5>ft  comPletely  “c°w  proof.”  Made  entirely  of 
steel.  No  wood  to  harbor  dirt,— no  sharp  corners  to  injure  cows. 
The  Louden  Electro  Galvanizing  Process  with  which  we  finish 
Louden  Equipment  when  desired,  adds  greatly  to  the  appearance  and 
durabriity  of  the  eqmpmeut.  It  is  a  perfect  coating  of  pure  zinc 
*b.e.*Vf8.t  preventative  of  corrosion  known,  applied  by  special  process' 
which  is  far  superior  to  the  ordinary  hot  process  galvanizing 
Investigation  before  equipping  your  barn  may  save  you  diuappoint- 
ia  cheaper  to  put  “LOUDEN  QUALITY”  in  your  barn  at 
nf i  to  exporiment  Wlth  inferiorequipment.  Write  for  catalog 
of  modern  labor  and  monejtsaving  barn  equipment, 

LOUDEN  MACHINERY  CO.  601  Broadway  Fairfield,  la 


Heesen’s  Feed  Cooker 


Doubles  the  value  of  feed — fattens  pigs — keeps 
all  stock  sleek  and  well.  Strong,  simple,  quick  heating  and 
ever-lasting — a  strong  cast  iron  caldron  kettle  and  seamless 
sheet  steel  jacket. 


Get  Thia  Handy  40-Page  Book  Freo.  We  will 

mail  you  a  40  P.  1912  Almanac  full  of  valuable  and  handy  information, 
together  with  our  catalog  of  7  sizes  of  Feed  Cookers  and  Tank  Heaters, 
post  paid  on  request.  Writ*  today. 

Heesen  Bros.  6  Co.  Box  72  Tecumseh,  Mich. 


10-42 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


October  21. 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


Last  week  the  Federal  Grand  Jury 
in  New  York  started  an  investigation 
of  the  stock  manipulations  of  the  Co¬ 
lumbian-Sterling  Publishing  Company. 
This  is  a  combination  of  the  Columbian 
Magazine,  Hampton’s  Magazine  and 
several  of  the  cheaper  order  of  papers 
published  by  Mr.  Frank  Orff  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  All  three  of  these  concerns 
sold  stock  of  their  companies  to  read¬ 
ers  of  the  publications.  Columbian 
Magazine  paid  16  per  cent  dividends 
from  the  start,  and  the  Post  Office  in¬ 
spectors  are  now  trying  to  find  out 
whether  this  dividend  was  earned  or 
whether  it  was  paid  back  out  of  the 
money  paid  in  by  the  stockholders. 
The  Columbian  and  Hampton’s  Maga¬ 
zines  have  now  been  merged  into  one 
monthly  publication,  though  stockhold¬ 
ers  were  first  assured  they  would  be 
maintained  separately.  The  combina¬ 
tion  company  has  an  authorized  capi¬ 
talization  of  $4,000,000.  The  Hampton 
stockholders  had  a  preferred  seven  per 
cent  stock.  After  the  combination  they 
were  offered  a  share  of  common  stock- 
in  the  new  company  for  two  shares  of 
the  preferred  stock.  This  many  de¬ 
clined.  Then  they  were  offered  an  even 
exchange  and  a  2 y2  per  cent  dividend 
has  been  promised  on  the  new  issue. 
Mr.  Orff  is  president  and  general  man¬ 
ager  of  the  Columbian-Sterling  Com¬ 
pany  and  it  certainly  seems  to  carry 
many  of  the  earmarks  of  the  St.  Louis 
brand  of  finance.  Post  Office  Inspector 
Dixon  of  the  New  York  Division  is 
something  of  a  live  wire;  and  the  Fed¬ 
eral  courts  here  have  developed  no  deli¬ 
cate  sentimentalities  for  stock  promo¬ 
tion  schemers.  We  rather  suspect  there 
will  be  less  publishing  stocks  and  bonds 
and  building  certificates  on  the  market 
in  the  future  than  has  appeared  for  a 
few  years  just  past.  There  is  probably 
enough  sympathy  for  C.  E.  Ellis  to 
justify  the  assertion  that  some  of  the 
victims  of  other  publishing  companies 
would  like  to  see  him  have  company 
from  New  York  in  his  enforced  re¬ 
tirement  at  Atlanta,  Ga. 

I  want  to  tell  you  of  an  experience  I 
had  this  Summer.  I  had  39  lambs  to  ship 
from  Delaware,  N.  J.,  to  Jersey  City  Stock 
Yards.  I  went  to  Delaware  on  Monday 
and  ordered  a  car  to  bo  there  to  load  the 
lambs  on,  and  the  railroad  clerk  made  out 
the  order  for  car  to  be  there  at  Delaware 
in.  time  for  the  noon  freight  train  on  Tues¬ 
day  morning.  I  had  my  lambs  down  there 
Tuesday  morning,  but  no  car  came  for  my 
lambs  until  six  o'clock  that  night.  They 
loaded  them  and  then  sent  them  off  via 
Central  Railroad  by  way  of  Washington, 
N.  J.,  and  in  consequence  my  lambs  laid 
at  Washington  all  night  and  were  never 
shipped  out  of  there  until  Wednesday 
morning.  They  never  arrived  at  the  Stock 
Yards  until  Wednesday  night,  and  all  that 
time  without  feed  and  water.  The  conse¬ 
quence  was  that,  although  they  were  in  very 
fine  condition  when  I  shipped  them,  they 
were  in  pretty  poor  condition  when  they 
arrived  on  the  market,  and  1  was  the 
loser.  What  redress  has  a  shipper  in  such 
a  case?  It  seems  we  have  to  bear  the 
brunt  end  of  the  railroad’s  negligence. 

New  Jersey..  i.  n.  f. 

A  shipper  has  practically  no  redress 
in  such  a  case.  He  would  find  it  diffi¬ 
cult  to  prove  exact  damages,  and  the 
amount  would  not  justify  the  cost  of 
suit.  These  transportation  companies 
are  anxious  to  develop  the  country 
through  which  their  roads  run.  They 
are  anxious  to  tell  farmers  how  to  pro¬ 
duce  more  crops  to  the  acre.  They  go 
to  considerable  expense  to  educate  and 
instruct  the  farmer  in  this  line  by  lec¬ 
turing  tours  and  so-called  model  farms  ; 
but  they  turn  a  deaf  ear  to  an  indi¬ 
vidual  grievance  of  this  kind. 

President  Taft  has  refused  to  grant  fur¬ 
ther  executive  clemency  to  Raymond  P. 
May,  former  business  manager  of  a  Kansas 
City  newspaper,  who  was  convicted  of  us¬ 
ing  the  mails  to  defraud  in  the  sale  of 
mining  stocks.  The  President  recently 
commuted  May’s  original  sentence  of  one 
year  to  six  months.  The  President  also 
has  denied  clemency  to  S.  II.  Snider,  who 
was  convicted  with  May  in  the  same  case 
and  was  sentenced  to  one  year. — Dispatch. 

It  is  about  time  these  stock  promot¬ 
ing  swindlers  got  a  little  of  this  kind 
of  treatment.  Thev  have  had  immunity 
too  long.  They  often  escape  conviction 
on  criminal  charges  because  the  law 
gives  them  always  the  benefit  of  the 
doubt,  and  many  of  them  have  been 
well  advised  legally  and  keep  their 
swindles  within  a  technical  construction 
of  law,  and  juries  give  them  the  benefit 
of  a  doubt  as  to  their  intentions,  though 
there  may  be  no  doubt  that  the  victims 
lost  their  money.  Hence,  when  one  is 
convicted  it  is  a  wholesome  measure  to 
compel  them  to  pay  the  penalty  of  their 
crimes.  President  Taft  does  well  to  let 
them  go  to  jail. 


In  April  I  shipped  six  30-dozen  cra-tes  of 
eggs  to  a  New  York  commission  house,  and 
have  just  received  returns  for  120  dozen.  lie 
claims  that  one  crate  was  so  badly  smashed 
he  refused  to  accept  it  at  all.  and  that  20 
dozen  of  the  others  were  boiled  and  he  de¬ 
ducted  -$4  for  them.  The  eggs  were  fresh 
and  all  right  when  we  shipped  them,  as 
we  gather  over  36  dozen  a  day  and  keep 
them  in  a  cool  place.  Will  you  please  see 
if  you  can  collect  pay  for  the  boiled  eggs? 

New  York.  a.  h.  s. 

We  had  several  complaints  from  this 
section  about  smashed  and  boiled  eggs, 
and  the  express  company  has  now 
settled  for  about  all  of  them,  but  makes 
no  explanation  as  to  the  cause  of  the 
damage,  nor  why  they  refused  to  honor 
the  claim  entered  by  the  complainants. 
The  above  subscriber  has  now  received 
his  pay  in  full.  We  have  followed  it 
up  since  June  and  A.  H.  S.  had  been 
trying  to  get  an  adjustment  from  the 
middle  of  April. 


I  am  enclosing  you  a  small  complaint  to 
straighten  out,  as  Publisher’s  Desk  is  the 
best  to  appeal  to  when  in  trouble.  I  sent 
the  Grand  Rapids  Wholesale  Opticians  a 
pair  of  lenses  to  repair,  and  enclosed  them 
a  dollar  bill,  but  no  acknowledgment  from 
them  nor  any  reply  from  them.  I  do  not 
mind  the  loss  of  the  dollar  bill,  but  my  good 
gold-framed  spectacles,  also  pair  of  lenses,  I 
don’t  want  to  lose.  Will  you  kindly  touch 
them  up?  J-  s- 

Florida. 


We  were  unsuccessful  in  getting  any 
reply  whatever  from  the  Grand  Rapids 
Wholesale  Opticians,  of  Grand  Rapids, 
Mich.  They  ignored  our  letters  in  the 
same  manner  they  ignored  the  subscrib¬ 
er’s.  We  are  simply  calling  attention  to 
this  transaction  as  reported  to  us  for 
the  benefit  of  others  who  may  be  con¬ 
cerned. 

Having  been  a  silent  reader  of  your 
paper  for  vears  I  want  to  ask  you  to  in¬ 
vestigate  the  Plapso  Daboratories  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  I  enclose  their  paper  for  your 
inspection.  I  have  spent  lots  of  money 
with  doctors  for  useless  treatment,  but 
would  cheerfully  pay  the  small  price  asked 
by  this  company,  but  don't  want  to  be 
taken  in  on  swindling  advertisements. 

West.  Virginia.  w.  e.  d. 

Do  not  put  any  faith  in  representa¬ 
tions  made  by  concerns  promising  to 
cure  all  or  any  human  ills.  Usually  these 
concerns  do  not  even  have  a  doctor  in 
good  standing,  and  even  if  they  had,  he 
could  not  know  just  what  treatment  you 
need.  Unfortunately  for  all  of  us,  in 
many  oases  of  illness  the  best  doctors 
are  "helpless.  The  quacks  promise  cures 
because  the  promise  creates  a  hope  on 
the  part  of  the  sufferer,  and  that  brings 
the  cash.  They  can  send  some  treatment 
of  a  general  nature,  but  they  are  in  no 
position  to  serve  you  as  well  as  a  doctor 
who  can  examine  the  patient  and  watch 
his  symptoms  from  day  to  day.  The 
local  physician  may  not  cure  you ;  but  if 
not,  it  is  useless  to  resort  to  quacks. 
Through  them  you  lose  your  money  and 
with  it  any  chance  of  recovery  you  may 
have  through  the  patient  and  skillful 
treatment  of  a  conscientious  family 
physician  or  specialist.  j.  j.  d. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Disinfect 
'Your  Pens 


YOU  can’t  fatten  hogs  in  a  dirty  pen.  The 
hog  house  should  be  sprayed  occasion¬ 
ally  with  Dr.  Hess  Dip  and  Disinfectant, 
not  only  to  kill  the  lice  and  other  vermin,  but 
also  to  kill  the  disease  germs  which  result  from 
sour  swill  drippings.  Lice  hide  under  the 
troughs  and  pen  posts— swill  drippings  become 
sour  and  caked,  giving  off  foul,  poisonous 
odors  which  the  hogs  inhale. 

Dr.  Hess  Dip  and 
Disinfectant 

is  a  positive  vermin  killer,  an  antiseptic  and 
powerful  deodorizer.  Itisnon-poisonous  and 
non-irritating  and  makes  the  most  effective 
dip  for  hogs,  sheep,  horses  and  cattle— spells 
certain  death  to  all  parasites  and  keeps  pens, 
sewers,  stables,  barns, etc.,  clean 
and  sweet  smelling.  Build  a  hog 
wallow  and  keep  a  solution  of  Dr. 
Hess  Dip  and  Disinfectant  for  the 
hogs  to  wallow  in.  Cures  dog 
mange  and  eczema.  Meets  the 
U.  S.  requirements  for  sheep 
scab— one  gallon  dip  makes 
l70  to  100  gallons  solution.  ^ 
-Write  for  Free  Dip  Booklet/ 

.DR.  HESS  &  CLARK  ' 
Ashland.  Ohio 


Cook's  Dairy  Farm, 
City  Mills,  Mass. 


Costs  More  and  is  Worth  It 

NEPDNSET  Paroid  Roofing  costs  less  than  shingles.  But 
it  costs  a  little  more  than  any  other  prepared  roofing  made. 

Now  why?  Because  NEPONSET  Paroid  is  made  of 
every  high  grade  material  necessary  to  permanent  roofing— 
and  nothing  else.  The  great  growth  of  our  business  proves 
that  roofing  buyers  approve  of  this  policy. 


N 


EPDNS 

PAROID  ROOFING 


Is  the  Real  Rival  of  Best  Shingles  and  Adds  Fire  Protection 

It  costs  as  much  to  keep  a  poor  cow  as  a  good  one,  and  it  costs  no 
more  to  put  on  NEPONSET  Paroid  than  a  low  cost  prepared  roofing. 

The  real  competitor  of  NEPdnsET  Paroid  is  shingles.  NEPONSET 
records  for  wear  equal  old-time  shingle  records  and  far  excel  present- 
day  shingle  records.  Besides,  NEPONSET  Paroid  costs  less  to  buy 
and  less  to  lay. 

In  addition  to  longest  wear,  NEPonsET  Paroid  gives  you  effective 
fire  protection.  When  you  buy  it  for  your  barns  you  settle  the  roof 
question  permanently  and  at  least  expense. 

Let  us  send  you  all  the  facts  in  the  NEPonsET  book. 

NEPONSET  Proslate  for  dwellings.  NEPONSET  Red  Rope  for  low  cost  construction. 

NEPonsET  Dealers  are  leading  dealers.  Do  you  know  the  one  in  your  town? 

F.  W.  BIRD  &  SON,  135  Neponset  Street,  East  Walpole,  Mass. 

(Established  1795 ) 


New  York  Chicago 

Hamilton,  Ont. 


Washington 

Winnipeg 


Portland.  Ore. 
Montreal 


San  Francisco 
St.  John 


KITSELMAM  FENCE 


Get  It  From 
the  Factory ! 
Direct 


Sold  direct  to  you  at  factory 
prices  on  30  days  trial.  Save 
the  dealers  profit  Farm,  Hog 
and  Poultry  Fence  at  from 

1  1 54  CENTS  A  ROD  UP. 

All  wlreaare  heavily  (galvanized 
80  rod  spool  of  Ideal  galvanized 
Barbed  Wire  *1.55.  Write 
today  for  large  free  Catalogue  showing 
different  styles  and  heights  of  fencing. 

230  KITSELMAM  BROS.  MUNCIE,  INO. 


Farmers’  Handy  Wagon 
at  a  Low  Price 

Absolutely  the  best  wagon  built  for  every  kind 
of  heavy  teaming.  Low  steel  wheels,  wide  tires. 
Will  last  a  lifetime  without  repairs. 

STEEL  WHEELS 

for  farm  wagons 
— any  size  to  fit 
any  axle.  Send 
for  our  free 
booklet  before 
you  buy  a  wngon 
or  a  set  of  wheels. 

EMPIRE  MFG.  CO..  Box  96-L  Quincy,  III. 


.  NetS 50022 
5to  SI 00092 per  Acre 

™WEST  COAST °Z_ 

fLORIDA’ 


Growing  Fruits  and  Vegeta¬ 
bles.  In  Manatee  County  raise 
2  to  3  crops  a  year.  Land  cheap. 
Terms  easy,  Climate  healthful.  No 
extreme  heat  or  cold.  Water  plenti¬ 
ful.  Quick  transportation  to  big  mar¬ 
kets. 

From  the  Peanut  Fields  of  VIRGINIA 
To  the  Orange  Groves  of  FLORIDA 

The  6  Sou.  States,  (Va.,  N.  C.,  S.  C.,  Ga., 
Fla.  and  Ala.)  traversed  by  the  S.  A. 
L.  Ry.  offers  special  inducements. 
Write  for  instructive  booklet  NOW. 

J.  A.  PRIDE,  Gen.  Ind.  Agt., 
Seaboard  Air  Line  Railway, 

Suite  606 
NORFOLK, 

VA. 


Astounding  Profits  Made  by 
Owners  of  New, Hay  Press 


The  New  Sandwich  Motor  Press— a 
combination  All-Steel  Hay  Press  and 
Gasoline  Engine- 
makes  hay  baling  a  most 
profitable  business. 

Pays  $10  a  day  profit  on 
a  few  hundred  dollars 
Invested.  Demands  no 
previous  experience;  does  not  take  you 
away  from  your  home  county;  leaves  you 
free  to  do  what  you  please  during  the  _ 

spring  and  early  summer  months!  It’s  worth  something,  too,  to  be  one’s  own  boss. 

Sandwich  All-Steel  Motor  Press 


The  secret  of  big  profits  in  hay  baling  is 
big  tonnage.  In  the  Sandwich  Motor  Press 
you  get  a  high-class,  big-capacity  outfit,  yet  it 
is  low-priced. 

It  is  complete  and  compact.  Easy  to  move, 
always  ready  for  work— no  setting  up  engine. 
Chain  drive.  No  belts  to  adjust,  or  lose 
power.  Easy  to  start  or  stop  press  instantly. 
Substantial  construction.  Steel  press— axles, 
wheels  and  platforms  reinforced  throughout. 
7  H.  P.  hopper-cooled  engine.  _  Tank  under¬ 
neath.  Equipped  with  batteries  and  mag¬ 
neto,  combination  seat,  battery  and  tool  box, 
and  standard  gasoline  pump.  If  you  have 

stand¬ 


ard  hopper-cooled  engine  can  be  used. 

The  Sandwich  All-Steel  Motor  Press  bales 
2Vi  to  3Vt  tons  per  hour.  Has  self-feeder 
equipment.  Takes  double  charge  of  hay. 
Has  no  condenser  box — needs  no  foot  tamp¬ 
ing— feeds  direct  from  fork.  No  balance 
wheels,  no  high-speed  machinery.  Fast, 
simple,  strong,  light  of  draft. 

We  make  presses  with  or  without  engines 
—wood  frame  and  steel  frame— horse  power 
and  engine  power— in  all  sizes  up  to  ttve-ton 
per  hour  capacity.  Prices  reasonable. 

Drop  us  a  line  today  for  new  book  about 
the  Astounding  Profits  in  Hay  Baling.  Let 
us  tell  you  more  about  the  wonderful  sann- 
wich  Motor  Press. 


an  engine,  buy  press  alone.  Any 

SANDWICH  MFG.  CO.,  471  Spruce  St.,  Sandwich,  III. 


1911. 


THE  RURAE  NEW-YORKER 


*043 


Crops  and  Markets 

Wholesale  Prices  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  October  13,  1911. 


.32 

.29 

.24 

.30 

.27 

.21 

.20 


•14^ 

.12 

.12 

.40 

.31 

.29 

.32 

.20 

.15 

.21 


@ 

® 

® 

@ 


<S 

@ 

@ 

© 


.56 

.52 

.40 

1.00 


10*6 

.08 

.07*6 

.21 

.28 


BUTTER 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 31  g 

Good  to  Choice . 26  @ 

Lower  Grades  . 22  @ 

State  Dairy,  best . . . 29  ® 

Common  to  Good . 22  @ 

Factory . lg  @ 

Packi  ne  Slock .  . . 17  <& 

Elgin,  111.,  butter  market  firm  at  29  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery.  30  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  32  ceDts. 

CHEESE 

Full  Cream,  best . 13  @ 

Common  to  Good . 10  @ 

Skims . 06  ® 

EGGS 

White,  good  to  ciioice . 35  @ 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 30  @ 

Common  to  Good . 24  @ 

Western,  best . 25  @ 

Under  grades . 14  @ 

Checks  and  dirties .  .11  ® 

Storage,  prime .  220  @ 

BEANS 

Marrow,  100  lbs . 4.25  @  4.95 

Medium . .  3.95  ®  4.30 

Pea .  3.95  @4.30 

Yellow  Eye .  3.75  @  3.30 

Red  Kidney . 5.00  @  5.50 

WhiteKidney . 4.75  @  5.10 

Lima,  California . 6.95  ffi  6.00 

HOPS 

Prime  to  Choice . 53 

Common  to  Good . 47 

Pacific  Coast . 37 

German  Crop,  new .  .92 

DRIED  FRUITS 

Apples,  evap.,  choice,  1911 . 09 

Common  to  good . 07 

Sun  dried  . . 07 

Cherries .  . 17 

Raspberries . 27 

FRESH  FRUITS 

Apples,  Wealthy,  bbl . 2.00 

Alexander .  2.50 

Wolf  River  ..  . .  2.50 

Twenty  Ounce .  2.00 

Maiden  Blush .  1.50 

McIntosh .  2.00 

Gravenstein .  2.00 

Baldwin .  2.00 

Greening .  1.50 

Kine . • . 2.00 

Dubbardston . 2.00 

Fall  Pippin . . .  2.00 

Windfalls,  bbl .  i.00 

Crabapples,  bbl .  2.00 

Pears.  Seckel,  bbl .  3.60 

Clairgeau,  bbl .  2.00 

Bartlett,  bbl .  2.50 

Anjou,  bbl . 2.00 

Bose,  bbl . 2.50 

Sheldon .  2.00 

KiefTer,  bbl .  1.00 

Quinces,  bbl  . 2.00 

Cranberries  Cape  Cod,  bbl .  4.00 

Plums,  8-lb.  bkt . 20 

Grapes,  Concord.  18-lb.  case . 40 

Black,  4-lb.  bkt . 07 

Delaware . 08 

Niagara . 06 

Bulk,  ton . 30.00 

Citron,  bbl . 50 

VEGETABLES 

Potatoes,  Jersey,  bbl .  2.00 

Maine,  bag .  2.25 

Long  Island,  bbl .  2.50 

Sweet  Potatoes,  bbl . 2.00 

Beets,  bbl .  1.00 

Carrots,  bbl . 75 

Cabbage,  Danish  seed,  ton . 11.00 

Domestic  seed,  ton .  8.09 

Cauliflowers.  L.  I.,  bbl .  1.75 

Cucumbers,  bbl . 1.00 

Celery,  Jersey,  bunch . 10 

Lettuce,  *6- bbl.  bkt . 25 

Peppers,  Jersey,  bbl . 40 

Okra.  Jersey,  *6-bu . 25 

Onions.  State  and  Western,  100  lbs...  1.50 

Orange  Co.,  bag .  1.50 

White,  bu .  1.25 

Conn.  Yellow,  100-lb.  bag .  1.60 

String  Beans,  bu . . . 35 

Lima  Beans,  potato,  bu . 25 

Flat  kinds .  1.00 

Spinach,  bbl . 75 

Squash.  Marrow,  bbl . 50 

Hubbard,  bbl . 75 

TurntDS.  Rutabaga,  bbl . 65 

White,  bbl .  1.00 

Egg  Plants.  Jersey,  bbl . 75 

Tomatoes,  Jersey,  box .  .40 

NUTS 

Chestnuts,  bu .  1.00 

Shellbarks,  per  50  lbs .  1.25 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Chickens,  Broilers,  lb . 12  @  .13 

Fowls . 12  @  .14 

Roosters . 09  @  .09*4 

Ducks . 14  @  .15 

Geese . 12  @  .13 

Turkeys . 13  @  .15 

Guineas,  pair . 40  @  .50 

DRESSED  POULTRY 

Turkeys.  Spring,  best . 18 

Old  Common  to  Good . 12 

Chickens,  choice  broilers,  lb . 22 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 18 

Fowls .  14 

Spring  Ducks,  lb . 17 

8quabs,  doz .  1.25 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 

Calves,  prime,  lb . 13  ®  .14 

Common  to  good . 10  @  .12 

Buttermilks . 08  ®  .09 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Hay,  new  No.  1,  ton . 24.00  @  24.50 

No.  2  .  22.50  ®  23.50 

No.  3 . 21.00  @  22.00 

Clover  Mixed . . . 20. 00  ©  23  00 

Clover . 19.00  @  21.00 

Straw,  ltye . 16.00  fa)  18.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 9.00  @  10.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 5.10  @  6  90 

Bulls . 3.00  @  4.35 

Cows .  1 .75  @4.50 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 7.00  @10.50 

Culls  . 5.00  IS  6.00 

Sheep.  100  lbs . 2.50  @  4.00 

Lambs .  5  00  ©  6.75 

Hogs . 6.50  @7.15 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.08  ©  .. 

No.  2,  Red . 99  ©  .. 

No.  2  Hard  Winter .  1.08  @ 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 73  ®  .76 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 50  @  ,53 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 96  ffi  .98 

Barley,  choice  .  1.16  ©  1.25 

MILL  FEED— CAR  LOTS 

Spring  Bran,  ton .  25,40  ©  27.00 

Standard  Middlings .  28.00  ©  32.50 

Red  Dog .  31.00  ®  32.35 

Hominy  Chop .  28.00  @  29.20 

Linseed  Meal .  39.00  @  40.00 

Corn  Meal .  27.00  @  28.00 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  9.75 

Middling  Gulf .  10.00 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  9.45 

Good  Middling .  9.95 

TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadleaf-flller .  .08  ©  .10 

Fine  wrappers . 60  @  75 

N.  Y  State  Fillers . 05  @  .06 

Fine  and  Selections . 12  ©  .16 

Ohio,  Zimmer's  Spanish . 19  @  .20 


@  3.50 
©  4.00 
@  4.00 
@  3.00 
©  2.50 
©  4.50 
@  3  00 
@  3.00 
©  2.25 
©  3.50 
®  3  00 
@  3.00 
@  1.25 
@  7.00 
©  5.00 
©  4.00 
©  5.50 
@  3.50 
@  5.50 
@  4.00 
fa)  2.00 
(a)  4.00 
la)  7  00 
@  .25 
@  .60 
@  .09 
@  .10 
(a)  .08 

@  6000 
IS)  .75 

@  2.25 
is  2.35 
@  2.75 
@  2.75 
©  1.25 
@  1 .25 
@13.00 
@11.00 
la)  4.75 
@  2.50 
©  .30 
@  1.00 
la)  1.25 
@  .50 
©  1.75 
@  2.50 
@  2.00 
@  1.75 
@  1.00 
1.75 
1.25 
1.25 
.75 
1.00 
@  1.00 
IS)  1 .25 
©  1.00 
©  1.25 

IS  4.50 
@  1.75 


@ 

@ 

IS 

is 

IS 


.22 
.16 
24 
.20 
.17 
@  .18 
@  4.00 


IS 

® 

IS 

is 


Virginia  Dark  Lugs . . 

Dark  Leaf . 

Bright  Cutters . 12 

Penn,  broad  leaf  fillers . 10 

CHICAGO 

Butter,  creamery . 23 

Eggs,  good  to  prime  firsts . 17 

Live  Turkeys . 10 

Fowls .  09 

Chickens . 10*6® 

Potatoes,  bbl . i.so  @  2.25 

Apples,  bbl . 1.75  @  2.75 

Sheep,  100  lbs — . . 2.50  @  4.15 

Lambs,  100  lbs . 4.25  @  6.00 

Ho«s  . .  @  6  70 


.07*6® 
.10  IS 
IS 
® 


® 

® 

® 


.09 

.20 

.30 

.12 

.29 

.21 

.15 

10 

.11 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-lr.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


are 


various  countries 
31  last  were  as 
200.000.000  bush- 


Grain  shipments  from 
for  year  ending  August 
follows :  Wheat,  Russia, 
els;  South.  America,  88.300.000;  North 

nnnGoonaV65n3?6’00i);  °ats-  Russla-  105,- 
000.000  bushels ;  South  America.  40,000,- 

000;  North  America,  6,000.000.  Corn, 
South  America,  56.000,000  bushels;  North 
America,  48,000,000;  Russia,  40,000,000. 

During  1910,  meat  consumption  in  Ger- 
many  averaged  104  pounds  per  inhabitant. 
Following  is  a  detailed  list  of  the  animals 
used:  Cattle.  3.942.204;  calves,  4.726.942; 
swine.  16  299,526  ;  sheep,  2,426,757  ;  goats, 
horses,  148,731. 


474.008 


a  THRILLING 
STORV 

Is  told 
by  hun¬ 
dreds  of 
of  FRUIT 
GROWERS  In 
every  State  i  n  the 
Union, from  windy  Texas 
to  Washington  State,  of  their 
great  achievements  in  overcoming 
from  one  to  fifteen  degrees  of  frost  in  their 
orchards  by  the  use  of 

The  Hamilton  Reservoir  Orchard  Heater* 

Every  grower  freely  claims  that  his  successes 
were  due  almost  entirely  to  the  Reoulated  Fire  fea¬ 
ture,  which  permitted  them  to  secure  two,  three, 
or  even  four^  times  as  much  fire  at  the  time  of 
most  severe  frost,  the  most  critical  hour  of  the 
nigli  t.  Many  also  tell  us  of  having  lost  their  crops 
by  the  use  of  small  pots  that  could  not  be  regu- 
lated  to  give  greater  fire  to  meet  the  critical  hour, 
llorever  the  question  of  the  vast  supremacy  of  the 
large  Reservoir  Heater  with  the  Reoulated  Fire  has 
been  established.  We  have  abundance  of  proof 
that  the  only  Orchard  Heater  equipment  on  the 
market  today  that  affords  the  grower  absolute 
protection  against  the  most  severe  weather  con¬ 
ditions  and. wind  is  the 

HAMILTON  RESERVOIR  HEATER 

either  three  or  six  gallon  sizes. 

the  most  Effective,  most  Economical  and 
the  Simplest  in  construction  and  operation. 

Our  new  literature  is  now  ready,  containing 
much  of  interest  to  you  and  expert  advice  on 
these  points,  which  is  free.  We  welcome  your 
inquiries.  Better  write  today.  Don’t  wait  two 
or  three  months. 

Good  agents  wanted  everywhere. 

HAMILTON  ORCHARD  HEATER  CO. 

GRAND  JUNCTION.  COLO. 


Free  Trial 

FREIGHT  PAID 

Wo  will  send  you  any  one  of  our  44  year 
famous  Quaker  City  Feed  Mills  and  If 
mill  Is  not  entirely  satisfactory  at  end 
of  trial,  you  can  return  same  at  OUR  EXPENSE. 

Sold  direct  from  factory  to  user.  23  styles,  rang¬ 
ing  from  band  to  20  horse  power,  to  select  from. 

Quaker  City  Feed  Mills 

make  and  save  big  money  wherever  used  for  grinding  com 
and  cob  and  ail  kinds  of  small  grain  separately  or  mixed  • 
table  meal,  SHUCK  and  KAFFIR  CORN,  fine,  medium  1 
or  coarse ;  also  grind  soft  and  wet  corn.  Our  free  trial  and 
guarantee  absolutely  protect  you.  We  also  handle  Engines. 
Cutters,  Shelters,  etc.  Send  for  FREE  CATALOG.  A 
The  A,  W.  Straub  Co. 

Dept.  K-8740  Filbert  8b, 

Phi  la.,  Pa.  Dept..  T-3709 
Ashland  Aye.,  Chicago,  Ill. 


Monarch 


Hydraulic 


Net  owners  25$  to  100$ 
on  investment  per  year 
Ask  for  Free  Cat¬ 
alog  and  "Good 
Tip”  booklet  tell¬ 
ing  how. 

Monarch  Machinery  Co„  609  Hudson  Terminal,  New  York- 


World  Crops. 

.  The  International  Institute  of  Agriculture 
gives  the  wheat  yield  for  the  northern  hemi¬ 
sphere  as  2,987,219.000  bushels,  an  increase 
of  .5  per  cent  over  last  year;  rye,  1,248,- 
000.000.  a  decrease  of  3.6  per  cent ;  barley, 
992.000.000.  decrease  of  .5  per  cent;  oats, 
2.627.000,000,  decrease  of  11.1  per  cent.  In 
quantity  of  wheat  produced,  the  United 
States  leads  all  other  countries,  655.516,000 
bushels.  Last  year  Russia  was  ahead  in 
quantity  and  is  now  second,  543,170.000 
bushels.  Other  large  wheat  countries  are : 
India.  365.000,000  bushels ;  France,  264,- 
000.000 ;  Canada,  197.500,000  •  Hungary, 
187,700.000;  Italy,  187.200.000;  Spain,  152,- 
000,000  ;  Prussia,  82,850,000. 

Russia  leads  in  production  of  rye.  Con¬ 
siderable  quantities  of  marsh  land  are  being 
drained  and  made  available  for  grain.  Other 
large  rye  countries  are :  Prussia,  Hungary, 
and  France.  The  United  States  makes  a 
very  small  showing  in  rye,  only  30,677,000 
bushels. 

The  United  States  leads  in  oats,  873  641  - 
000  bushels  ;  Russia,  857.100.000.  No  other 
country  has  half  as  many  oats  as  these. 
Russia  is  by  far  the  most  important  barley 
country,  its  yield  being  463,567,000  bushels. 
The  United  States  has  145,951,000  bushels 
and  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  Japan 
stands  third,  100.000,000  bushels. 

The  cotton  crop  of  Egypt  is  very  late  and 
there  is  some  injury  by  boll  worm.  The 
yield  promises  to  be  10  per  cent  less  than 
last  year. 

In  the  southern  hemisphere  grain  is  now 
being  sown.  The  acreage  for  wheat  and 
barley  is  about  10  per  cent  above  last  year 
and  weather  conditions  for  seeding 
favorable. 


Iani 
no  Fan 
no  Freezing 


Here’s  a  light,"  strong, 
durable  gasoline  engine 
— absolutely  self  con¬ 
tained — you  see  it  all  in 
the  picture.  It  has  all 
the  advantages  of  air  and 
water  cooled  engines 
■ — with  the  disadvantages 
of  neither. 

Easy  to  start  —  easy  to 
operate — easy  to  under¬ 
stand. 

F«ur  Sizes 

Novo  Jr.  (for  pumping  water) 

2%.  3%  and 5  H.  P. 

FREE  NOVO  BOOK 

Hildreth  Manufacturing  Company 

C.  C.  BEMKNT,  Sec’y  and  Can’t  Mgr. 

116  Willow  Street,  LANSING,  MICH. 


Pull 


Stumps 

'Book  Free  M  ail  posta!'  f  ^ 

uuoli  1  ree  at  once  for  LmXCV 


*  x&ss 


at  once  for 
this  book,  showing  photos  that 
prove  how  the  Hercules  pulls  any 
stump  in  less  than  5  minutes 
letters  to  prove  the  profit 
made  by  pulling  out  the 
stumps  and  raising  crops 
instead.  Don’t  pay  taxes 
on  land  that  yields  noth¬ 
ing.  Pull  stumps  now— 
they’re  getting  harder  to 
pull  every  year.  Make  big 
money  on  contract  jobs 

from  neighbors  or  by  renting  -  - - 

machine.  Book  tells  all  facts  and  figures  about  the 

HERCULES  «ySL. 

Stump  Puller.  30  Days’  Free  Trial— 3  year 
guarantee  to  replace  broken  castings  free. 
Special  introductory  price  to  first  buyer  in 
each  locality.  All  Steel  means  W%  lighter  weight, 
400%  greater  strength  than  castiron  or  “semi-steel.” 
Triple  Bower  means  more  pull  than  a  locomotive.  Any 
stump  is  bound  to  come  with 
the  Hercules.  Double  ratch- 
ets  Insure  safety  of  men  and 
' j V *>v  team.  Single, doubleortrlple 
power  Interchangeable  in  a 
jiffy.  Many  other  features, 
all  in  book.  Get  our  price 
quick.  Write  now.  Address 

HERCULES  MFG.  CO. 
180  17th  SLf  Centerville*  Iowa 


SAVE -THE- HORSE 


415  Dickson  Bldg.  Norfolk,  Va.,  June  1, 1911.  Troy  Chemical 
Co.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y.  I  have  used  your  “Save-the-Horse”  oa 
three  occasions  for  Bone  Spavin,  Bog  Spavin  and  Side  Bone  and 
have  cured  every  case.  I  have  not  had  to  ask  for  my  money  back, 
solwanttouseitagain.  Enclosed  find  check  for  $5.  K.F.Grant. 
...  a  bottle,  with  binding  contract  to  refund  money.  Send 
for  COPY,  BOOKLET  and  LETTERS  from  Bankers, 
'A#  Farmers  and  Business  men  on  every  kind  of  case.  Per. 
manenlly  Cures  Bone  anil  Bog  Sparin,  Tlioroughpin,  Binghono 
(except  low).  Curt),  Splint,  Capixsl  lloek,  WimipufT,  Shoe  BoU, 
Injured  Tendons  and  ail  Lameness.  No  scar  or  loss  of  hair. 
Horse  works  as  usual.  Dealers  or  Express  prepaid. 

Troy  Chemical  Co.,  24  Commercial  Arc.,  Binghamton, 'V.  Y. 


Standard  Veterinary  Romedy 
In  Use  21  Year* 


Trade  Mark 
Registered 


HEAVES  CURED 

NEWTON'S  REMEDY  Coughs,  Distempers. 

Safe,  positive  cure  that  is  Guaranteed  tor 
Heaves.  It  gets  at  the  root  of  the  trouble.  A 
scientificremedyfor  Indigestion,  which  isthereal 
cause  of  heaves.  Heaves  affect  the  lungs  only 
indirectly.  Newton’s  Remedy  drives  out  Intes¬ 
tinal  worms  and  is  an  excellent  stomach  and 
bowel  conditioner.  Book  explains  fully,  free.  $1 
per  can,  at  dealers’,  or  sent  direct,  prepaid. 
THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


^  /^.OODNESS,  man,  howyou  are 
r  i  shivering!  You  ought  to  keep 

•warm,  as  /  do,  by  wearing 

WRIGHT’S 

HEALTH  UNDERWEAR 

it  is  woven  with  a  loop-stitch  that  no 
amount  of  washing  can  close  up — so  the  skin  is 
always  ventilated  and  moisture  is  absorbed. 

Soft  and  smooth  to  the  skin — no  iiritation. 
Perfect-fitting  and  long-wearing. 

Protect  youiself  against  colds,  chills  and  pneumo¬ 
nia  with  Wright  s  Health  Underwear. 
All  weights  and  styles,  for  all  seasons.  $1.00  to 
$2.50  for  Shirts  and  Drawers;  $1.50  to  $4.00  for 
Union  Suits.  If  your  dealer  hasn’t  it.  send  us 
his  name  and  we’ll  see  you  are  supplied. 

Write  for  booklet  contain- 
mg  sample  fabrics. 

Wright’s  Health  Underwear  Co. 

85  Franklin  Street.  NEW  YORK 

Also  makers  of  Wright’s  Spring* 
Needle  Ribbed  Underwear.  Per¬ 
manently  elastic.  Fits  and  holds  its 
shape  indefinitely. 


ABSORBINE 


1  STOPS 
I LAMENESS 

from  a  Bone  Spavin,  King;  Bone, 
Splint,  Curb,  Slue  Bone  or  similar 
trouble  and  gets  horse  going  sound.  Does 
not  blister  or  remove  the  hair  and 
horse  can  be  worked.  Pago  17  in  pamphlet 
with  each  bottle  tells  how.  $2.00  a  bottle 
delivered.  Horse  Book  9  E  free. 

ABSORBINE,  JR.,  liniment  for  man¬ 
kind.  Removes  Painful  Swellings,  Enlarged 
Glands,  Goitre,  Wens,  Bruises,  Varicose 
Veins,  Varicosities,  Old  Sores.  Allays  Pain. 
Will  tell  you  more  if  you  write.  $1  and  $2  a  bottle 
at  dealers  or  delivered.  Manufactured  only  by 

W.F.Y0UNG.  P.D.  F.,  88  Temple  St.,  Springfield, Mass. 


AYRSHIRES— Bull  Calves 

Choice  Individuals 
R.  TEMPLETON  &  SON.  ULSTER,  PA. 


OHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
u  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNES.  Oxford,  N.  V. 


For  Sale— Fifteen  Fine  Lincoln  Sheep 

E.  A.  BENTLEY,  Wellsville.  N.  Y.  r 


FOB  SALE— Chester  White  Pigs,  B  weeks  old,  from  registered 
stock  direct  from  reliable  breeder.  R.  8.  Guile,  Penn  Yan,  N.Y 


LARGE  ENGLISH  YORKSHIRES 

Imported  Young  BOARS-Bred  SOWS.  Prices 
right.  Sheldon  Homestead,  Martinsburg,  N.  Y. 


Pm  I  IF  PI  I  DC-Fi’oin  imported  stock.  Females 

•  U*  O  cheap.  Nelson  Bros.  Grove  City,  Pa. 


Boston  Produce  Go. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 


93-95  South  Market  St., 


Boston. 


JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 


Highest  prices  guaranteed  for  White  or  Brown 
Leghorns  or  mixed  eggs.  Also  high  grade  butter. 
Write  ns  for  information.  A  trial  will  convince  you 
or  our  ability  to  obtain  extreme  prices.  Address 

^  JOHNSTONE  6  COUGHLAN, 

17Z  Duane  Street  :  :  New  York 


DUC ASK  semi  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com 
*  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter 
Eggs.  Poultry.  Pork.  Calves,  Hay.  Grain.  Beans 
Apples,  etc.  Ii.  B.  WOODWARD,  802  Greenwich  8t.,  N.Y 


JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  COMPANY, 

Commission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York 
Poultry,  Eggs,  Meats,  Produce.  Shipments  Solicited! 

W 

try. 


'E  SELL  FARMS  in  Oceana,  best  County  in  U.  S 
Fruit,  Alfalfa,  Grain, Vegetables,  Stock,  Poul- 
J.  D.  S.  HANSON  &  SON,  Hart,  Mich. 


FARM  FOR  $2,500 

Sullivan  County,  New  York  State  Farm  in  good 
state  of  cultivation,  well  fenced  and  watered;  apple 
orchard,  maple  orchard,  small  fruit.  Large  13-room 
house,  large  barn  and  wagon-house,  granary  and 
outbuildings.  One  mile  from  post  office,  stores 
and  State  road ;  in  the  heart  of  the  popular  summer 
boarding  section.  It  contains  about  130  acres;  to 
close  the  estate  it  will  be  sold  for  $2,500,  less  than 
the  cost  of  the  buildings.  It  has  been  used  as  a 
dairy  and  grain  farm;  creamery  one  mile.  Address 
FARM,  care  Rural  New-Yorker,  409  Pearl  St.,  N  Y 


FOR  SALE 

FINE  DAIRY  FARM 

On  account  of  retiring  from  business,  I  offer  FOR 
SALE  my  HIGH  CLASS 

STOCK  and  DAIRY  FARM 

Including  32  Head  of  Cattle,  70  Tons 
of  Hay  and  Farming  Implements. 

Property  76  acres  excellent  land.  Located  J6-mile 
from  Trunk  Line  State  road,  60  miles 
from  New  York  City. 

Price  $9,750.  Terms  easy.  No  agents.  Address 
MAPLE  SHADE  STOCK  FARM, 

Tilly  Foster,  Putnam  Co.,  New  York 


Colonial  Built-Up  Column,  $1.63 


1044 


tTHLC  RURA&  NEW-YORKER 


October  21,  1911, 


Our  GRAND  FREE  MILLWORK 

Has  Saved  the  Public 

MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS!  M 

Over  5,000  Bargains  in  Building  Material  ImM 

Quality,  Safe  Delivery  and  n 
Satisfaction 

Guaranteed  , 
or  Your 


Mor 

Bac 


[iiiKinniiE 


[Dull, 


vjreu  in  lOucii  wiin  me  uuiuuu-  v  < 


ilm 


i-i  tn  mi/mw  •  w-i-j 
BNBtmwfMilw 


tor  me  puDiic.  - — —  * -  t  --  T  u 

single-handed  and  alone,  has  carried  on  the  people’s  fight  against  the  greed  of  the  Lumber^ 
.rons  and  the  Retail  Lumber  Dealers.  We  sell  enough  building  material  every  year  to  build  a  city 


Barons 

of  20,000  homes. 

..  j  will  ship  from  1,200  to  1,500  full  carloads  out  of  our  warehouses  this 
year,  and  our  less-than-carload  shipments  for  the  same  period  will  run 
between  28,000  and  30,000.  Over  40,000  Doors  and  120,000  Windows,  and  other 
Items  of  building  material  in  like  proportion,  are  annually  shipped  to  all  parts 
of  the  country  from  our  mammoth  plant  in  Davenport.  All  our  Millwork  is 
guaranteed  up  to  the  official  standard  of  the  Sash  and  Door  Association. 

See  How  We  Cut  the  Cost  of 
High  Grade  Budding  Material! 


In  the  past  five  years  we  have  sold  Millwork  and  Lumber  for  more  than  100,000  new  homes. 

W  Samples  of  5,000 
Grand  Bargains  in  Catalog! 


The  pictures  and  prices  presented  here  give  you  some  Idea  of  the  way  we  cut  prices  on 
Millwork,  Lumber  and  everything  used  to  construct  new  houses  or  remodel  or  repair  old 
houses.  You  will  note  that  our  prices  average  50  per  cent  below  local  dealers  prices.  I  he 

saving  on  a  complete  house  bill  runs  into  hundreds  of  dollars.  Here  are  a  few  examples  ot 
our  5,000  bargains:  Doors,  77c  and  up;  4-light  windows,  70c;  corner  blocks,  2c;  quarter-round, 
per  100  feet.  25c;  stair  balusters,  3c;  stair  newels,  $2.57;  porch  brackets,  5c;  porch  columns.  fcl.bJ; 
oak  flooring,  per  100  feet,  52c;  window  frames,  $1.15;  plate  rail,  per  foot,  4c;  corner 
beads,  8c;  gable  ornaments,  75c;  oak  thresholds,  4c;  grilles,  per  foot,  80c;  flint-coated 
roofing,  per  roll,  93c;  mantels,  $12.00.  Over  5,000  equally  wonderful  bargains  listed 
and  pictured  in  our  free  books.  Don’t  fail  to  write  for  them  today. 

The  Largest  Millwork  Plant  in  America 

Selling  DIRECT  TO  CONSUMER! 

We  own  and  operate  the  largest  Independent  building  material  plant  in  America. 
Hence  we  are  absolutely  independent  of  the  Lumber  Trust  and  able  to  bid  defiance  to  the 
Retail  Dealers’  Associations.  We  carry  the  biggest,  finest  stock  of  new  Doors,  Windows, 
Millwork  and  Lumber  in  the  country  and  load  direct  from  platform  to  cars,  insuring 
quick  shipment  to  any  point  and  saving  all  drayage  charges. 

Building  Plans  Furnished  FREE 

to  Our  Customers 

Plans  Drawn  by  Our  Architects 

Our  Architectural  Department  enables  you 
to  build  with  utmost  economy.  We  furnish 
Architects’  Blue  Prints  and  Complete  Specifica¬ 
tions  to  our  customers  without  cost,  saving  the 
usual  architect’s  fee  of  $25  to  $200. 

Our  Book  of  Plans  is  the  Standard  Authority 
on  Home  Architecture.  All  plans  prepared  by 
Licensed  Architects  who  have  specialized  on 
high-class,  moderate-cost  farm  and  city  homes. 
Every  house  shown  has  been  built  time  after 
time.  Cost  never  exceeds  our  estimate. 

It  cost  us  $5,000  to  produce  this  great  Book 
of  Plans.  It’s  yours  without  charge  if  you  send 
pay  cost  of  postage  and  mailing. 


mw\ 

■■  * 

,  %  \  ■ 

m  .  1  ■  */,  %.  v  , 

■■  ■■■< 

Pilaster  Casing, 
per  100  ft.,  $1.80 


Hardwood  Thresh¬ 
olds,  3  ft.  long,  4c 


Corner  Blocks  2c 

Lattice, 

«■ 

100  ft.,  26C  _ 

j  Complete! 

Plans  snd| 

Specific 


Four-Light  Check  Rail 
Well-Made  Windows, 70c 


Write  for 
Free  Book 
of  50  Plans 

Enclose  10c 
for  Postage 
and  Mailing 


LUMBER 


At  Cut  Prices! 


i 


Our  daily  sales  of 
lumber  are  enor¬ 
mous.  We  operate 

a  large  plant  and  control  the  output  of  others.  We  guarantee 
our  grades.  We  follow  the  Official  Grading  Rules. 
FcflmofoG  Fpoo  Write  for  Free  Lumber  Price  List  or 
ijij UIlIulvS  A  A  vv  send  your  lumber  bill  for  Free  Estimate. 


$698 


buys  all  the  Lumber  and  Millwork 
for  this  8-room  house.  Plan  No.  100. 


Strong  Doors, 

White  Pine,  Carefully 
Finished,  77c 

R00FINGW 

108  Square  Feet,  qq 
Guaranteed  5  Years  «f  «C 

Write  for  the  Grand  Catalog  That 
Saves  Millions  for  Home-Builders 

Save  your  hard-earned  dollars!  Send  for  our  great  Building  Material  Books  and  see  the 
astounding  low  prices.  Read  our  sweeping  guarantee  of  quality,  safe  delivery  and  satisfaction  or 
money  back  and  freight  paid  both  ways.  Three  big  banks  baefe  up  eyery  word  of  it.  Our  cus- 
tomers,  for  whom  we  have  saved  millions,  confirm  it.  The  editor  of  this  paper  will  vouch  for 
every  statement  we  make.  Remember,  this  business  has  been  established  here  since  18o5,  ana 
the  very  life  of  our  business  depends  on  our  “making  good.”  w  r 

Take  advantage  of  our  record-breaking  reductions  from  retail  prices.  Send  for  our  Free  Cat¬ 
alogs.  make  up  a  trial  order  and  let  us  prove  that  lowest  prices,  high  grade  goods,  prompt  ship¬ 
ment,  safe  delivery  and  guaranteed  satisfac-  _  _  _  ..  _ _  -  _  _  hiuV  MA 

som^great ^lew^ for  yoo*  Write'at  once*  GORDON* VAN  TINE  CO. 

2674  Case  St.v  Davenport,  Iowa 


100  ft.  Quar¬ 
ter  Round  25c 


J 

M I 

1 1  h.V|j 

4-Light  Barn  Sash  39c 


Base,  per  100 
lineal  feet, 
Yellow  Pine, 
$2.79 


if 

•ffl 


4-Foot 

Porch 

Newels37c 


Porch 
Balusters, 
each,  4c 


Three  Big  Banks, 

Vouch  for  Our  Responsibility 

Scott  County  Savings  Bank 

Davenport,  Iowa 

To  Whom  It  May  Concern: 

It  gives  us  great  pleasure  to  testify  . 
to  the  reliability,  business  integ-^ 
rity  and  honesty  of  Gordon-Van 
Tine  Co.  They  enjoy  the  high^ 
eat  credit  with  Western  Fi¬ 
nancial  Institutions.  We  A 
assure  prospective  cus-^ 
tomers  that  they  are 
perfectly  safe 
sending  money 
with  their 


orders,  as  wo  under¬ 
stand  that  if  goods 
ore  not  satisfactory 
money  will  bo  re¬ 
funded. 

J.  H  HAAS, 

Cashier. 


Miaiw 


4  FREE  BOOKS! 


GORDON-VAN  TINE  C0.t  2674Cas«  St.,  Davenport,  Iowa 

Please  send  the  free  books  checked  below. 


Name. 


Address. 


*1,013  {ffiJSSTfisnsS rs?**  3685  M1""“k  tor  $938 


buys  all  the  Lumber  and  Millwork  for  this 
beautiful  bungalow.  Plan  No.  106. 


I 

I 

|  Occupation _ ......... _ .... 

I  Millwork □  LUMBER  □ 

1  Roofing  □  Plan  BookD 


If  you  wish  Plan 
Book,  enclose  10 
cents  for  postage 
and  mailing. 

.  „  _ _ *1 


I 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4122. 


NEW  YORK,  OCTOBER  28,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR. 


AN  ENGINEER  AND  HIS  HENS. 

Raising  Pullets  and  Feeding  for  Eggs. 

On  page  952  Mr.  L.  B.  Thatcher  gave  a  brief  statement 
of  his  experience  in  poultry-keeping,  further  details  being 
given  on  page  972.  Mr.  Thatcher  is  an  engineer,  steadily 
employed,  and  all  the  time  spent  upon  those  hens  has  been 
before  or  after  working  hours,  or  on  holidays. 

You  understand  that  I  have  no  new  nor  wonderful 
plan  or  system  which  by  a  simple  twist  of  the  wrist 
enable  us  to  make  several  hundred  dollars  a  year  with 
poultry,  after  my  regular  working  hours.  Our  suc¬ 
cess  is  due  only  to  considerable  thought  to  fit  the 
business  to  the  time  we 
were  able  to  give  it,  and 
much  work,  that  has 
been  confining  and  often 
tiresome  to  the  limit  of 
endurance.  But  we  are 
learning  new  kinks 
which  shorten  the  labor, 
and  success  brings  a 
sense  of  confidence  that 
is  restful  and  which  we 
did  not  have  when  in 
the  experimental  stage. 

By  the  words  of  we,  us 
and  our,  I  mean  Mrs. 

Thatcher,  although  hav¬ 
ing  baby  to  care  for,  she 
could  give  but  little 
time ;  it  is  only  by  her 
sympathy  with  the  work 
and  watchful  eye  over 
things  when  I  am  at 
work  that  I  could  have 
obtained  these  results. 

I  told  you  how  we  hatch 
chicks,  and  now  tell  you 
how  we  grow  pullets. 

GROWING  GOOD 
PULLETS.— The  poul- 
tryman  who  cannot  grow 
good  pullets  will  not 
last  long  as  an  egg  pro¬ 
ducer.  I  have  found 
good  pullets  developed 
in  October  as  ready  sale 
at  $1.50  each  as  fresh 
eggs.  Conditions  must 
be  so  favorable  that  they 
will  make  growth  each 
day  from  shell  to  matur¬ 
ity.  I  f  growth  is  checked 
from  any  cause,  or  made 
slow  by  scant  feeding, 
they  will  be  from  one  to 
three  months  later  in 
laying,  and  never  will 
have  the  size  and  laying 
capacity.  When  weather 
gets  hot  we  take  out  brooders,  put  in  roosts,  and 
block  houses  up  about  a  foot  off  the  ground.  Under 
houses  it  is  cool  and  shady,  and  they  will  always  be 
found  there  during  the  heat  of  the  day.  We  keep  in 
these  houses  a  large  soap  box  of  mash  and  one  of 
mixed  grain.  The  box  of  grain  is  covered  only  from 
eight  o’clock  in  the  morning  until  four  in  the  after¬ 
noon.  Although  having  free  range,  they  are  given 
all  the  short  sprouted  oats  they  will  eat  before  going 
to  roost.  This  is  pie  for  them,  and  they  eat  until 
their  crops  bulge  out,  and  they  just  grow  while  they 
sleep. 

CARE  OF  CHICKS. — Cockerels  are  separated  the 
very  day  they  reach  squab  broiler  size.  They  are 


considered  only  by-product  with  us,  as  they  but  little 
more  than  pay  for  their  feed,  and  being  the  stronger 
and  more  dominant,  they  retard  the  growth  of  the 
pullets.  If  I  could  pick  them  with  a  certainty  I  would 
bury  them  the  day  they  were  hatched.  A  large  lan¬ 
tern  is  hung  in  these  houses  on  cold  cloudy  days  when 
chicks  are  young.  The  most  serious  thing  I  have  had 
to  contend  with  in  these  large  broods  is  huddling, 
but  with  experience  and  good  judgment  it  can  be 
avoided.  I  have  seen  a  brood  of  200  four-week-old 
chicks  pile  in  a  heap  no  larger  than  a  peach  basket. 
Of  course  if  the  keeper  allows  this  to  happen,  and  he 


is  not  on  the  job,  he  may  be  seen  digging  a  hole 
where  no  fence  is  needed.  Some  causes  of  huddling 
are  getting  wet,  chilled,  fright,  or  irregular  feeding. 
The  danger  lessens  as  they  grow  older.  These  brood¬ 
ers  and  houses  are  cleaned  out  once  a  year,  when  the 
chicks  and  pullets  vacate  them.  These  houses  are 
dry,  and  the  droppings  dry  up  at  once;  there  is  no 
odor,  and  results  are  satisfactory. 

EARLY  LAYING. — In  September,  April  and  early 
May  hatched  pullets  will  be  laying  a  few  eggs.  About 
October  1  the  laying  house  is  thoroughly  cleaned  and 
the  birds  are  transferred  to  it,  and  their  feet  do  not 
touch  ground  again  until  the  following  May.  Hog 
rings,  pig  size,  for  Leghorns,  are  used  for  leg  bands. 


They  never  come  off,  can  be  put  on  in  one-tenth  of 
the  time  and  at  one-tenth  the  cost  of  the  regular 
bands  on  the  market.  My  1911  pullets  are  as  near 
alike  as  peas  in  a  pod.  I  am  sure  there  are  not  six 
undersized  birds  in  the  flock  of  330,  and  I  believe  one 
large  factor  in  getting  birds  like  this  is  in  having 
feed  always  before  them  so  that  every  bird  can  get 
it  when  it  wants  it.  It  takes  nerve,  and  flattens  the 
pocket-book  to  carry  out  bags  of  feed  to  a  large  flock 
of  hungry  growing  pullets,  but  the  Winter  egg  yield 
is  as  fully  dependent  on  a  full  amount  of  feed 
when  growing  as  when  laying  in  Winter. 

FEEDING  FOR 
EGGS. — Having  pullets 
that  are  bred  and  grown 
right,  the  egg  yield  is 
almost  entirely  depend¬ 
ent  on  the  housing  and 
feeding  of  the  birds. 
Our  laying  house  is  a 
Corning  style  house 
16x40  feet.  While  the 
first  cost  of  this  house, 
owing  to  its  height  and 
being  lined  throughout, 
is  greater  than  most 
houses  in  use,  it  is  well 
worth  the  difference  in 
cost,  as  more  birds  can 
be  kept  in  a  lined  house, 
and  the  extremes  of 
heat  and  cold  are  not  so 
great.  We  put  200  pul¬ 
lets  and  75  breeders  in 
this  house,  separated  of 
course.  When  pullets 
are  brought  in  from  the 
range  about  the  first  of 
October  the  floor  is  bed¬ 
ded  with  wheat  sheaves. 
This  bedding  is  added 
to  during  the  Winter 
until  it  is  almost  a  foot 
deep.  No  other  feed  is 
given  them  for  several 
days.  After  several  hours 
of  fasting  they  learn 
that  there  is  grain  right 
under  their  feet,  to  be 
had  only  by  scratching 
for  it.  They  get  busy 
and  soon  forget  their 
early  life  on  the  range. 
On  the  floor  is  a  large 
open  box  just  high 
enough  to  keep  out  lit¬ 
ter;  into  this  is  emptied 
a  bag  of  mash,  which  is 
always  before  them.  The 
Maine  poultry  bulletins 
and  our  experience  have  taught  us  some  good  things 
about  mixing  this  mash,  which  I  will  explain  later. 
Eight  to  10  quarts  of  mixed  grain  per  hundred  birds 
is  strewn  in  the  litter  in  the  afternoon.  We  regulate 
quantity  of  grain  so  that  birds  consume  about  equal 
parts  in  bulk  of  grain  and  mash.  There  is  also  a 
trough  in  which  we  feed  cut  grass,  mangels,  cab¬ 
bage,  sprouted  oats,  or  whatever  we  have.  Con¬ 
cerning  the  mash,  we  use  about  equal  parts  of  bran, 
shorts,  cornmeal,  ground  oats,  gluten  meal  and  half 
part  to  one  part  beef  scrap,  and  in  cold  weather  a 
half  part  linseed  meal.  Gluten  meal,  linseed  meal 
and  beef  scrap  will  stimulate  egg  production.  They 
will  also,  if  fed  to  excess,  cause  diarrhoea,  indigestion 


LAYING  HOUSE  FOR  THE  ENGINEER’S  HENS.  Fig.  418. 


BROODER  HOUSE  FOR  YOUNG  STOCK.  Fig.  419. 


10-40 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Ortolier  28, 


and  molting.  We  can  get  a  larger  late  Fall  egg 
yield  by  a  free  use  of  these  feeds,  and  the  temptation 
is  great  with  eggs  at  50  cents  per  dozen ;  but  they 
are  quite  sure  to  cause  a  partial  molt  in  early  Win¬ 
ter,  which  will  check  the  egg  yield,  cause  inactivity, 
colds  and  trouble.  So  we  leave  out  linseed  meal,  and 
reduce  the  gluten  and  beef  scrap  until  real  Winter 
weather  sets  in.  We  then  add  linseed  meal  and  in- 
ciease  gluten  and  beef  scrap  to  a  point  where  we  see 
a  few  soft  droppings.  The  droppings  are  always  our 
guide  as  to  quantity  of  these  feeds.  They  should  al¬ 
ways  be  solid  enough  to  have  form.  In  April,  May 
and  June  we  cut  out  linseed  meal,  reduce  gluten  and 
beef  scrap.  This  has  but  little  effect  on  the  egg 
yield  in  these  three  natural  laying  months.  Birds 
keep  in  better  health  and  respond  to  stimulative 
feeding  in  late  Summer  and  early  Fall  when  eggs 
aie  high.  In  July  when  the  egg  yield  begins  to  drop 
we  again  increase  the  beef  scrap  and  gluten ;  feed 
short  sprouted  or  soaked  oats  in  August ;  mix  a  wet 
mash  in  September,  as  they  eat  more  of  it.  In  fact, 
we  coax  every  pound  of  feed  into  them  we  can  get 
them  to  eat,  as  this  is  what  eggs  are  made  of.  By 
this  way  of  feeding  we  have  made  August  and  Sep¬ 
tember,  two  poor  months,  about  equal  in  profit  any 
other  two  months  of  the  year.  Understand,  we  fool 
away  no  time  mixing  feeds.  This  is  done  for  us  free 
of  cost  in  ton  lots  at  the  mill,  except  we  keep  on  hand 
a  hag  or  two  of  beef  scrap,  and  may  add  a  measure¬ 
ful  when  filling  the  mash  box  if  we  think  it  necessary. 
In  Winter  we  add  millet  seed  to  the  grain  ration;  it 
is  much  relished  by  the  birds,  and  being  a  small  seed, 
it  sinks  into  the  litter  and  keeps  the  birds  active 
scratching  over  the  litter. 

This  stretching  of  the  egg  yield  into  the  Fall  sea¬ 
son,  besides  the  profits  of  good  Fall  prices,  helps  us 
in  other  ways.  Our  eggs  are  taken  twice  a  week  at 
the  house  by  a  man  having  customers  in  New  York, 
who  wants  about  the  same  number  each  week,  re¬ 
gardless  of  the  season.  By  having  eggs  in  quantity 
at  all  seasons,  better  prices  are  received.  A  much 
quoted  saying  of  a  noted  writer  and  poultry  expert 
is  that  when  a  poultry  man  goes  forth  to  feed  his 
flock  he  should  take  with  him  more  judgment  than 
feed.  I  want  no  judgment  of  a  kind  that  will  limit 
the  quantity  of  feed  as  much  as  One  spoonful  short 
of  what  they  will  consume.  Good  birds  cannot  be 
grown  or  a  good  egg  yield  be  had  on  air  and  a  fine 
view.  L.  B.  THATCHER. 

New  Jersey. 


makes  it  more  resistant  to  disease.  We  have  had 
potatoes  that  were  exposed  to  the  dry  air  in  this  way 
that  became  so  green  and  dried  out  that  we  .thought 
that  all  life  was  gone,  yet  when  we  planted  them  in 
good  moist  soil,  we  got  practically  a  perfect  stand, 
although  some  of  them  were  so  dry  that  we  could 
hardly  cut  them  in  two  with  a  knife.  E.  p.  bennett. 

Colorado  Exp.  Station. 

PERSIMMONS. 

Aside  from  regular  fruits,  I  have  a  small  grove 
of  persimmons.  The  trees  are  annual  bearers  of 
fair-sized  fruit,  which  after  a  freeze  become  quite 
palatable.  In  the  market  they  bring  10  cents  a 
quart,  and  the  demand  is  always  good.  The  tree  is 
a  fine  grower  and  rather  ornamental  when  in  full 
foliage.  In  some  parts  of  Indiana,  especially  in  the 
eastern  part,  where  the  land  is  quite  hilly,  orchards 
of  persimmons  are  common.  The  fruit  is  shipped  to 
the  city  markets  in  wholesale  lots.  Like  the  mulberry, 
the  trees  vary  in  sex;  those  having  pistillate  blooms 
are  non-bearers.  They  grow  well  on  very  poor 
soils;  seem  to  prefer  dry  hills  and  knobs,  rather  than 
the  moist  rich  soils.  They  do  not  bear  transplanting 
well  unless  small  trees  are  used.  A  better  way  is 
to  plant  the  seed  where  one  designs  the  tree  to  stand. 
Fig.  420  shows  branches  taken  from  one  of  my 
best  bearing  trees,  the  fruit  being  the  size  of  a  large 
hulled  walnut.  This  tree  usually  bears  from  one  to 
two  bushels  of  fruit.  A  good  plan  is  to  train  the 


NEW  FACTS  ABOUT  POTATO  SCAB. 

Can  I  treat  potato  seed  for  the  scab  disease  by  fumigat¬ 
ing?  The  potatoes  are  spread  out  on  the  floor  of  a 
room  which  can  be  made  airtight.  b.  s.  s. 

Fort  Smith,  Ark. 

We  have  never  done  anything  with  the  fumigation 
of  potatoes.  The  Maine  Station  has  done  this  work, 
and  has  issued  a  bulletin  on  the  subject  that  gives 
the  details  of  the  work. 

We  have  tried  for  several  years  the  treating  of 
potatoes  for  scab.  We  have  treated  with  both  cor¬ 
rosive  sublimate  and  formalin,  but  so  far  have  not 
received  any  benefit  from  this  work.  For  the  most 
part  the  results  have  been  entirely  negative.  In  some 
cases  we  have  scab  on  our  treated  potatoes  and  scab 
on  the  checks,  and  in  most  cases  we  have  scab 
neither  on  the  treated  nor  on  the  checks.  We  have, 
we  believe,  proven  quite  conclusively  that  at  least  in 
the  West  the  scab  is  not  only  caused  by  Oospora 
scabies,  but  by  at  least  one  other  fungus,  that  is 
Rhizotonia.  We  have  demonstrated  this  by  planting 
potatoes  that  were  thoroughly  disinfected  in  pots  of 
soil  that  had  been  sterilized  and  have  watered  with 
boiled  water.  Then,  as  the  potatoes  matured,  we 
have  inoculated  some  of  the  potatoes  with  the  fungus 
Rhizotonia.  This  has  been  repeated  several  times, 
and  each  time  we  have  produced  scabby  potatoes, 
where  the  potato  was  inoculated,  while  the  checks 
were  entirely  clean.  We  have  also  tried  growing  the 
supposed  scab  fungus  of  the  East,  but  have  never 
succeeded  in  getting  anything  from  it  in  this  district. 
Our  German  friends  claim  that  scab  is  caused  from 
many  different  fungi  and  I  am  firmly  of  the  opinion 
lhat  this  is  true.  Either  way,  it  is  certain  that  most 
of  these  diseases  are  different  in  the  alkali  soils  of 
the  West  from  those  of  the  eastern  soils. 

Our  potato  growers  near  Greeley,  Colo.,  have  a 
system  known  as  the  greening,  that  I  believe  is  just 
as  good  as  treating  seed  with  either  formalin  or 
corrosive  sublimate.  They  spread  their  potatoes 
thinly  on  the  bottom  of  the  cellars,  as  you  are  doing, 
and  in  Spring,  about  a  month  before  planting  time, 
allow  the  light  and  air  to  get  to  the  tubers,  which 
turns  the  skin  of  the  tubers  green.  This  green  also 
penetrates  through  the  cortical  layer  of  the  tuber. 
Of  course,  this  process  spoils  the  potatoes  for  culinary 
use,  but  as  you  know  sunlight  is  death  to  many  fungi 
and  not  only  greens  the  potato  but  toughens  and 


A  BUNCH  OF  PERSIMMONS.  Fig.  420. 

tree  low.  If  left  to  itself,  it  grows  upright  to  a  con¬ 
siderable  height.  j.  H.  HAYNES. 

Indiana. 


MAP  OF  AN  ORCHARD. 

I  note  what  you  say  on  page  988  about  losing  tree 
labels.  We  tried  labeling  our  trees  at  first,  and 
have  found  it  to  be  an  almost  useless  job.  The 
labels  are  sure  to  be  lost,  or  the  wire  on  which  they 
hang  is  liable  to  cut  the  tree  in  time.  When  we 
set  our  last  orchard  I  made  a  map  of  the  orchard 
in  a  little  book  like  the  following: 

.V. 


Y. 

On  the  leaves  of  the  book  a  record  is  kept  o't 
varieties.  If  a  tree  dies  and  we  set-  another  variety 
it  is  marked  in  book  like  this:  “Tree  3  x  4\  Rome 
Beauty.”  A  tree  on  an  outside  row  next  the  figures 
would  be  marked,  “2'  McIntosh,”  etc.  We  refer  to 
this  book  quite  often,  and  it  is  not  liable  to  be  lost. 
From  our  experience  we  are  strongly  against  plant¬ 
ing  too  many  varieties.  I  think  W.  V.’s  list  on 
page  978  is  much  too  long.  When  we  get  a  gang 
of  men  packing  apples  we  find  much  time  is  lost  in 
changing  from  one  variety  to  another.  It  is  better 
to  make  a  specialty  of  one  or  two  good  varieties. 
You  can  get  your  barrels  all  stenciled  and  nailed 
ahead  of  packing  time.  Every  section  has  its  best 
variety.  Find  it  out !  w.  A.  bassett. 

Seneca  Co.,  N.  Y. 


ROADSIDE  TREES  IN  PENNSYLVANIA. 

On  May  2,  1879,  an  act  was  passed  in  Pennsylvania 
allowing  25  cents  rebate  on  trees  planted  along  road¬ 
side.  This  act  was  repealed  in  1901.  The  act  of 
July  2,  1901,  provides  that  any  person  liable  to  road 
tax  who  shall  transplant  to  the  side  of  the  public 
highway,  on  his  own  premises,  any  fruit,  shade  or 
forest  tree  of  suitable  size,  shall  be  allowed  by  the 
supervisor  of  roads,  where  the  roads  adjoin  culti¬ 
vated  fields,  $1  for  every  two  trees  set  out,  etc.  But 
the  abatement  shall  not  exceed  one-fourth  of  the  tax. 

I  am  serving  my  third  commission  as  township 
supervisor.  We  have  78  miles  of  road  in  the  town¬ 
ship,  more  than  1.100  taxables,  and  during  my  first 
term  one  citizen  asked  25  cents  per  tree  for  some 
apple  trees  along  roadside.  We  viewred  the  trees  and 
found  them  large  enough  to  bear,  and  properly  dis¬ 
tanced,  and  granted  his  request.  This  was  the  only 
request  for  tree  rebate  that  year  (1905).  This  man 
died,  and  the  request  has  not  come  in  since.  Soon 
after  I  bought  a  few  acres  of  land  alongside  of  our 
house  and  fronting  about  180  feet  on  the  road.  I 
planted  six  poplar  trees  along  road  and  collected  50 
cents  per  tree  rebate  ever  since,  being  the  only  citizen 
getting  rebate  in  a  township  containing  78  miles  of 
road.  The  law  allowing  rebate  is  not  generally 
known,  and  many  trees  along  roadside  are  too  near 
each  other,  as  the  law  specifies  distance  of  different 
varieties.  Not  many  farmers  transplant  trees  along 
cultivated  fields.  There  are  many  locust  trees  along 
roadside  in  our  township,  and  also  some  other  varie¬ 
ties  of  natural  growth.  My  experience  is  that  during 
a  wet  spell  a  mud  road  will  not  dry  off  as  soon 
under  shade  trees  as  where  there  are  none,  but  the 
comfort  to  man  and  beast  during  warm  seasons  far 
outweighs  the  unpleasantness  of  a  little  extra  mud 
during  wet  spells.  If  someone  would  inform  land- 
owners  of  the  law  and  urge  them  to  plant  trees  and 
get  rebate  on  road  tax,  there  would  be  more  trees 
planted  and  maintained.  Field  crops  will  not  thrive 
near  shade  trees,  and  some  farmers,  priding  them¬ 
selves  on  fine  crops,  like  them  to  grow  to  perfection 
up  to  the  highway.  Trees  along  all  our  roads  would 
make  a  pleasant  appearance,  but  field  crops  in  a  rich 
farming  section  raised  to  perfection  till  against  the 
highway  are  also  a  pleasure  to  look  at.  Work  done 
by  State  officials  is  always  very  expensive  and  tree 
planting  should  be  done  by  land-owners  or  townships. 

Lancaster  Co.,  Pa.  n.  g.  hess. 

THE  KANSAS  COMMISSION  MAN’S  DOLLAR. 

I  wish  to  give  the  readers  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  the 
experience  I  had  with  a  commission  man  in  Topeka, 
so  you  can  see  how  we  are  treated  out  here  in 
Kansas.  We  are  27  miles  from  the  capital  city,  but 
express  and  commission  charges  are  so  high  that  we 
cannot  afford  to  ship.  The  Fall  of  1910  I  prepared 
a  load  of  my  best  Jonathan  apples  for  Topeka.  They 
were  hand  picked,  large  size,  free  from  worm  holes 
and  nicely  colored.  They  were  the  finest  load  of 
apples  I  ever  took  to  market.  I  was  offered  75  cents 
per  bushel  by  the  commission  house.  As  Jonathan 
apples  were  quoted  at  $1.50  per  box  I  hardly  thought 
it  enough,  but  as  it  was  late  I  let  them  go.  When  my 
turn  came  to  unload  1  found  five  men  and  boys  and 
an  apple  grader  with  apple  boxes  on  the  sidewalk.  I 
noticed  some  of  the  apple  boxes  were  lined  with 
paper  and  some  were  not.  I  supposed  they  were 
making  two  grades  of  the  apples.  When  the  apples 
were  -all  unloaded  from  the  wagon  they  took  and 
dumped  back  all  the  boxes  without  paper  in  them,  14 
in  number,  and  called  them  culls.  I  got  paid  for  16 1/>, 
bushels  of  apples.  The  boxes  they  kept  were  piled 
with  my  finest  apples,  until  not  another  one  would 
stick  on,  and  I  figured  that  in  every  four  boxes  they 
got  about  one-half  bushel  of  apples  for  nothing,  as 
they  called  a  box  one  bushel.  I  took  some  of  those 
so-called  commission  culls  and  gave  them  to  my 
friends  in  the  city,  and  they  said  they  were  as  fine 
apples  as  they  ever  saw. 

The  rest,  on  account  of  being  handled  by  com¬ 
mission  people  so  roughly,  I  sold  for  40  cents  per 
bushel.  I  had  my  wagon  box  lined  and  not  an  apple 
touched  the  bare  wagon  box,  and  I  am  sure  there 
was  not  one-half  bushel  of  bruised  apples  in  the  load. 
The  way  they  handled  them  you  would  think  they 
were  practicing  for  a  baseball  game.  One  poor  fel¬ 
low  who  sold  them  a  load  claimed  he  got  back  more 
culls  than  he  had  apples  to  start  with.  Is  it  any  won¬ 
der  that  the  apple  grower  is  getting  tired  of  raising 
fruit  for  almost  nothing?  It  is  only  every  few  years 
that  we  have  an  apple  crop,  and  then  the  prices  are 
so  low  that  there  is  very  little  in  them.  One  of  the 
largest  orchards  in  this  part  of  the  country,  over  320 
acres,  has  been  grubbed  out.  You  can  go  for  miles 
through  the  country  and  not  see  a  new  orchard 
started.  The  old  trees  are  dying  fast,  and  in  a  few 
more  years  an  apple  orchard  in  this  part  of  Kansas 
will  be  a  curiosity.  w.  t.  b. 

Burlingame,  Kan. 


1911. 


1047- 


SEEDS  AND  PLANTS  IN  COURT. 

A  Copyright  for  Fruit. 

The  daily  press  recently  stated  that  the  Buckbee 
Company,  of  Illinois,  had  brought  suit  for  $100,000 
against  the  R.  M.  Kellogg  Co.  over  a  new  strawberry 
variety.  We  wrote  both  parties  for  information. 
The  Buckbee  people  have  not  yet  replied.  The  at¬ 
torneys  for  the  R.  M.  Kellogg  Company  have  given 
us  a  statement  of  the  facts  in  the  case  from  the 
standpoint  of  their  client.  They  claim  that  Mr.  Geo. 
W.  Davis,  of  Indiana,  originated  a  strawberry  of 
merit.  Mr.  Davis  arranged  with  the  Kellogg  Com¬ 
pany  to  test  this  variety,  which  has  been  named  the 
Helen  Davis.  The  Kellogg  Company  were  well 
pleased  with  the  behavior  of  the  plants,  and  in  the 
Spring  of  1909  they  set  out  all  the  runners  from  the 
original  hundred  plants,  and  did  the  same  also  in 
1910.  It  is  claimed  that  a  contract  was  made  be¬ 
tween  Mr.  Davis  and  the  Kellogg  Company  for  the 
exclusive  sale  of  the  Helen  Davis  strawberry  for 
the  first  year  after  its  formal  introduction.  The 
Kellogg  Company,  it  is  claimed,  printed  in  its  cata¬ 
logue  two  pages  of  matter  about  this  strawberry, 
with  a  picture.  They  claim  that  shortly  after  this 
book  was  distributed  H.  W.  Buckbee,  of  Illinois, 
issued  a  catalogue  containing  the  exact  reproduction 
of  the  picture  issued  in  the  Kellogg  book,  and  also 
an  exact  copy  of  the  printed  matter. 

In  February,  1911,  the  Kellogg  Com¬ 
pany  sued  Buckbee  and  secured  a  pre¬ 
liminary  injunction  restraining  the 
Buckbee  concern  from  further  circulat¬ 
ing  the  book  containing  this  picture, 
which  was  classed  as  a  copyright  be¬ 
longing  to  Kellogg.  It  is  stated  that  a 
circular  letter  was  sent  to  some  of 
Kellogg’s  customers,  advising  them  of 
this  injunction  and  stating  that  Buck¬ 
bee  did  not  have  the  genuine  Helen 
Davis  plants  and  that  no  one  was 
authorized  to  sell  them  except  the 
Kellogg  Company.  While  testimony  in 
this  copyright  case  was  being  taken  a 
suit  was  brought  by  Buckbee  against 
the  Kellogg  Company  for  $100,000 
damages.  It  is  assumed  that  this  ac¬ 
tion  was  based  upon  the  statement 
made  in  the  circular  above  mentioned. 

These  are  the  facts  so  far  as  we  have 
been  able  to  get  them.  The  case  is  an 
interesting  one,  as  this  matter  of  the 
value  of  a  copyright  or  trade-mark  for 
fruit  is  often  brought  up  by  our 
readers. 


Guarantee  of  a  Seed  Dealer. 

In  a  case  recently  decided  on  appeal 
to  the  Supreme  Court  of  Iowa,  a  seed 
dealer’s  claim  as  to  the  “non-guarantee 
clause”  is  confirmed,  the  judge  decid¬ 
ing  that  the  evidence  was  conclusive 
that  a  general  custom  of  selling  seeds 
without  guarantee  prevailed  in  the  seed 
trade,  and  that,  in  consequence,  the  sale 
of  seed  in  question  was  presumed  to 
have  been  negotiated  with  reference  to 
such  general  custom,  and  rendering  a 
verdict  accordingly.  The  Younkerman 
Seed  Co.,  of  Council  Bluffs,  la.,  was 
made  a  party  defendant  to  a  suit 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 

is  only  an  interesting  experiment,  quite  easy  for  an 
expert  grafter  to  make  and  popular  with  students  at 
agricultural  schools.  The  plant  here  pictured  was 
produced  at  the  Cornell  Agricultural  College. 

This  interesting  experiment  is  sometimes  used  to 
promote  a  seed  fake.  Now  and  then  some  fellow 
turns  up  at  a  fair  or  goes  through  the  country  with  a 
plant  of  this  sort.  There  can  be  no  getting  around 
the  fact  that  tomato  and  potato  are  both  growing 
naturally  on  this  plant,  and  the  seed  fraud  offers  to 
sell  seeds  which  will  grow  and  produce  just  the  same 
thing.  These  seeds  are  ordinary  tomato  seeds,  but 
he  often  gets  50  cents  each  for  them.  Of  course  they 
will  produce  tomato  vines  and  nothing  else,  but  there 
is  a  plant  with  potatoes  on  it.  What  is  more,  there 
is  an  orator  with  a  flood  of  “guff”  on  tap  that  would 
convince  a  wooden  table.  He  has  it  all  pictured, 
showing  how  you  can  grow  500  bushels  of  potatoes 
under  ground  and  500  or  more  bushels  of  tomatoes 
on  top.  It  is  one  of  the  most  striking  fakes  that  ever 
took  the  road,  because  many  men  are  satisfied  when 
they  actually  see  a  thing  with  their  own  eyes.  It  is  a 
“graft”  in  both  ways. 


NEW  ENGLAND  FRUIT  FARM. 

I  recently  visited  the  orchard  of  Mr.  A.  A.  Mar¬ 
shall,  located  on  the  hills  above  Fitchburg,  Mass. 
Leaving  the  city  of  Fitchburg  the  road  to  the  farm 


Intosh,  Wealthy  and  Baldwin.^  There  is  also  a  nice 
block  interplanted  with  Sutton,  and  besides  there  are 
a  few  hundred  Gravensteins.  Up  to  the  present  time 
the  great  business  variety  has  been  McIntosh.  Whole 
blocks  of  this  variety  three  and  four  years  old  aver¬ 
age  50  to  100  perfect  fruits  each,  with  trees  five  and 
six  years  averaging  a  barrel  apiece.  This  variety 
on  Mr.  Marshall’s  hills,  as  on  many  other  New  Eng¬ 
land  farms  where  I  have  studied  it,  is  most  as¬ 
suredly  a  great  business  apple  and  a  money  getter 
from  the  start.  Wealthy  comes  next  in  importance 
as  a  money  getter  just  now,  and  trees  from  three 
years  old  to  six  are  carrying  fine  crops  of  this  large 
and  handsome  fruit.  Many  Baldwin  trees  from  four 
to  six  years  are  also  carrying  a  fair  crop,  but  as  we 
would  expect,  the  fruit  distribution  in  this  variety  is 
rot  nearly  so  general  at  this  early  age  as  with  the 
two  above  named  kinds.  The  block  of  Sutton  are 
all  fine  trees  growing  in  their  characteristic  pear- 
tree-like  form,  but  so  far  they  have  not  borne  much. 
All  fruits  were  well  up  to  the  standard  and  over  in 
size  while  color  and  freedom  from  blemish  are  all 
that  could  be  desired. 

Mr.  Marshall  sprays  four  or  five  times  during  the 
season,  using  the  paste  lead-arsenate  and  commercial 
lime-sulphur.  He  believes  the  formula  often  recom¬ 
mended,  one  and  a  half  gallons  to  50,  is  much  stronger 
than  needed,  has  had  some  russeting  at  this  strength. 

and  has  now  cut  it  down  to  one  to  100. 
Seven  or  eight  years  ago  Mr.  Marshall 
states  these  hill  slopes  now  growing  up 
into  young  orchards  were  covered  with 
rocky  bowlders  and  with  wild  growth 
and  were  not  worth  more  than  $5  an 
acre.  It  has  been  a  great  expense  to 
clear  them  up,  plant  and  take  care  of 
the  trees,  but  to-day  each  acre  is  worth 
at  least  $200,  and  is  yearly  growing 
more  valuable.  Mr.  Marshall  and  his 
son,  who  is  also  a  great  worker  and 
an  enthusiastic  apple  man,  have  at  this 
time  an  orchard,  the  product  of  their 
own  thought  and  labor,  of  which  they 
can  well  be  proud.  One  cannot  go  over 
the  place  without  the  constantly  recur¬ 
ring  impression  that  here  every  opera¬ 
tion  is  planned  and  followed  in  all  its 
details  witli  the  utmost  care;  that  each 
tree  of  the  5,000  trees  is  cared  for  as 
an  individual,  but  that  one  real  system 
of  management  has  been  adopted  for 
all,  and  that  this  is  being  carried  out 
exactly.  The  writer  has  only  criticism 
which  he  would  possibly  make  if  he 
might  be  allowed  to  do  so.  It  is  his 
opinion  as  the  trees  grow  larger  the 
five-foot  hoed-out  circles  with  grass 
mulch  will  not  prove  satisfactory,  and 
some  form  of  orchard  cultivation  will 
be  found  necessary  for  greatest  profits. 
N.  H.  Agl.  College.  w.  h.  wolff. 


A  TOMATO  PLANT  GRAFTED  ON  POTATO.  Fig.  421 


brought  by  a  firm  of  planters  against  a  canning  com¬ 
pany  for  damages  incident  to  the  furnishing  of  cer¬ 
tain  pumpkin  seed  for  growing  under  contract,  which 
seed,  it  was  claimed,  turned  out  to  be  not  in  accord 
with  its  package  labels.  The  crop  was  properly 
cared  for,  but  proved  to  be  Connecticut  Pie  pumpkins 
with  a  few  squash.  These  being  unfit  for  canning 
purposes,  the  canning  company  refused  to  receive 
them  and  plaintiff  realized  therefrom  but  $29.75.  Had 
the  seed  been  true  to  name  the  several  witnesses  es¬ 
timated  that  from  16  to  25  tons  of  pumpkins  per 
acre  would  have  been  produced,  and  plaintiff  de¬ 
manded  judgment  against  the  canning  company  for 
what  they  would  have  realized  from  the  crop  had  the 
seed  been  true  to  name,  less  the  proceeds  of  the  crop 
actually  raised.  The  grower  was  to  receive  $4  a  ton 
from  the  canning  factory  which  purchased  the  seed 
for  the  grower. 

TOMATO  GRAFTED  ON  POTATO. 

At  Fig.  421  is  the  photograph  of  a  tomato  slip 
grafted  on  a  potato  stalk.  The  black  arrow  shows 
where  the  graft  was  made.  The  union  was  success¬ 
ful  and  the  plant  grew  as  shown — with  a  bunch  of 
potatoes  on  the  roots  and  tomatoes  growing  on  the 
vines.  Of  course  there  was  not  a  large  crop  of  either, 
and  there  was  no  change  in  the  character  of  either 
crop.  This  process  would  not  pay  commercially — it 


leads  up  hill  for  about  three  miles,  and  soon  brings 
us  to  what  is  probably  the  most  magnificent  panorama 
of  young  apple  orchards  in  New  England.  The  town¬ 
ship  road  divides  the  farm,  and  the  residence  and 
fine  new  barn  are  on  opposite  sides  of  this  thorough¬ 
fare.  From  this  eminence  the  fields  of  young  trees 
siope  away  and  spread  out  in  every  direction.  There 
are  about  5,000  young  trees,  ranging  in  ages  from 
one  to  seven  years,  in  rows  absolutely  straight,  all 
trees  22l/2  feet  apart,  and  nearly  every  tree  in  a  block 
symmetrical  and  uniform  in  size.  Contrary  to  the 
generally  accepted  practice  of  most  of  our  better  fruit 
glowers,  Mr.  Marshall  does  not  practice  clean  cul¬ 
ture  with  cover  crop,  but  plows  his  land  thoroughly 
before  planting  only,  cultivates  for  the  first  season, 
then  sows  down  to  permanent  grass  sod,  and  really 
practices  a  thorough  grass  mulch,  mowing  the  grass 
three  or  four  times  each  season,  and  leaving  it  right 
where  it  falls.  There  is  a  five-foot  circle  kept  hoed 
out  and  weedless  about  each  tree,  but  this  Mr.  Mar¬ 
shall  explains  is  only  as  a  protection  to  the  trees 
against  a  possible  grass  fire.  An  application  of  ground 
bone  and  potash  salts  is  given  to  each  tree  each 
Spring,  the  chemicals  being  distributed  away  out  and 
beyond  the  spread  of  the  branches.  From  one  and  a 
half  to  six  pounds  of  the  mixture  is  the  ration  now 
used,  according  to  the  age  and  size  of  the  trees. 

There  are  three  principal  varieties  grown — Mc- 


“HALEBERTA”  PEACH. 

Noticing  a  letter  from  Mr.  J.  H. 
Hale,  of  Connecticut,  on  page  979,  I  am 
reminded  of  a  correspondence  with  him 
two  years  ago  in  regard  to  his  Million 
Dollar  peach.  At  that  time  he  sent  me  a 
peach  of  this  variety,  calling  my  atten¬ 
tion  to  its  qualities,  and  requesting  me 
to  suggest  a  name.  I  suggested  Hale- 
berta,  and  in  his  reply  he  stated  that  he  had  thought 
of  giving  it  that  name.  From  modesty  he  may  have 
sought  another  and  fixed  on  Million  Dollar.  If  the 
peach  is  to  have  a  successful  future,  and  I  think  it 
will,  would  not  Haleberta  be  better  than  Million  Dol¬ 
lar?  Five  or  ten  years  from  now,  a  single  word  as 
a  name  would  be  preferable  to  two,  in  market  reports, 
in  billing  and  in  the  many  other  ways  in  which  the 
name  will  be  used.  Please  give  your  views  in  your 
paper  on  this  point.  The  peach  Mr.  Hale  sent  me 
was  shown  to  several  peach  growers,  and  was  kept 
in  my  office  10  days  before  it  commenced  to  decay, 
arid  this  started  from  a  bruise  received  before  it 
reached  me.  In  color,  size  and  shipping  qualities  it 
is  unsurpassed  by  any  other  peach  known  to  me. 
Having  been  a  shipper  of  peaches  since  the  first  com¬ 
mercial  product  of  Early  Crawfords  in  western  New 
York,  I  have  looked  with  great  interest  for  the  re¬ 
sult  of  Mr.  Hale’s  experiment  in  developing  his  Hale¬ 
berta  peach.  s.  c.  bowen. 

Orleans  Co.,  N.  Y. 

R.  N.-Y. — We  think  “Haleberta”  preferable  to  Mil¬ 
lion  Dollar  and  hope  the  change  will  be  made  unless 
a  better  name  is  suggested.  It  is  never  safe  to  pre¬ 
dict  the  commercial  future  of  a  new  fruit,  but  this 
peach  certainly  seems  to  possess  the  stuff  that  suc¬ 
cess  is  made  of.  _ 

It  seems  to  be  settled  that  an  iron  roof  on  a  poultry 
house  is  a  mistake. 


it)48 


THE  RUKAL  NEW-YORKER 


October  28, 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[  Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
name  and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure 
attention.  Before  asking  a  question,  please  see 
whether  it  is  not  answered  in  our  advertising 
columns.  Ask  only  a  few  questions  at  one  time. 
Put  questions  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper.] 

What  Ails  the  Cherries? 

J.  TV.  T.,  Marion,  0. — In  my  orchard  of 
500  Montmorency  cherry  trees  nine  years 
set,  I  have  had  a  loss  of  10  or  12  fine-look¬ 
ing  trees  every  year  for  the  past  five  or  six 
years.  They  leaf  out  in  the  Spring,  but  in 
July  and  August  the  leaves  turn  yellow  and 
the  trees  ,if  they  do  not  die  then,  die  the 
following  Spring  after  leafing  out  again. 
After  digging  them  out  I  find  the  roots  all 
covered  with  white  mold,  and  dead  and  rot¬ 
ten.  1  have  written  to  many  authorities, 
but  cannot  get  at  the  trouble.  The  trees 
were  highly  cultivated  and  sprayed  the  first 
five  years,  then  seeded  down  to  Blue  grass, 
which  is  cut  and  left  for  mulch.  I  have  been 
thinking  over  your  recent  article  about 
budding  on  Mahaleb  and  not  Mazzard  roots. 
Do  you  think  such  is  my  trouble,  and  is 
there  any  way  to  tell  from  appearance 
which  root  they  have  been  placed  on?  Be¬ 
low  the  part  where  budded  all  trees  are 
about  eight  inches  through  at  the  roots,  but 
above  they  are  about  six  inches  through.  In 
ordering  Mahalab,  by  what  method  can  we 
tell  if  we  are  getting  trees  on  such  stocks? 

Ans. — Jt  is  quite  probable  that  the 
trees  in  this  cherry  orchard  are  on  Ma¬ 
haleb  roots  and  are  failing  because  of 
the  uncongeniality  of  the  stock.  I  am 
not  positive  that  this  is  the  trouble,  but 
think  it  is,  judging  by  the  statements 
of  the  inquirer.  The  roots  would 
gradually  decay  as  they  die,  and  then 
the  mold  would  follow,  which  lives  only 
on  dead  tissues.  The  Mahaleb  roots 
can  be  told  from  the  Mazzards  by  ex¬ 
perts  only,  unless  there  are  sprouts  with 
leaves  on  them  from  below  the  place 
of  union.  The  leaves  of  this  species  are 
small  and  somewhat  heart-shaped,  while 
those  of  the  Mazzard  are  large  and  de¬ 
cidedly  oval.  In  buying  trees  the  ordin¬ 
ary  planter  cannot  tell  one  root  from 
the  other  and  would  have  to  depend  on 
the  honor  of  the  nurseryman. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 

Moore’s  Arctic  Plum. 

O.  IF.  8.,  NetctonsiHllc,  0. — Will  you  de¬ 
scribe  the  plum  called  Moore’s  Arctic?  I 
have  a  tree  which  I  bought  for  that  variety, 
but  am  not  sure ;  it  is  purple,  medium  size, 
fine  quality  and  productive.  Tree  is  sort  of 
willowy  growth  and  spreading,  bearing  heav¬ 
ily. 

Ans. — "Moore’s  Arctic”  plum,  shor¬ 
tened  to  Arctic,  is  a  variety  of  medium 
size,  slightly  oblong  in  form,  very  dark, 
purplish  blue  with  the  "bloom”  on  it, 
and  of  fair  quality.  The  trees  is  us¬ 
ually  productive  and  of  rather  strong 
growth,  but  not  so  heavily  branched  as 
that  of  some  varieties.  It  is  probable 
that  the  tree  of  G.  W.  S.  is  that  va¬ 
riety.  It  would  be  well  to  send  speci¬ 
mens  to  the  Pomological  Office  of  the 
IT.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture  at 
Washington,  D.  C.,  for  identification. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 

Budding  Wild  Cherry. 

J.  8.  M.,  Orantsville,  Md. — Docs  the  im¬ 
proved  cherry  succeed  on  our  wild  cherry, 
budded?  I  do  not  know  the  true  name  of 
the  wild  cherry  to  which  I  have  reference. 
The  trees  grown  to  a  largo  size.  I  think  by 
some  it  Is  called  “bird’s-eye”  cherry.  Many 
are  growing  along  our  fence  rows.  I  have 
been  thinking  of  budding  some  of  them. 

Ans. — There  is  growing  all  over 
Maryland  and  the  adjacent  States 
many  trees  of  the  common  Mazzard 
cherry,  which  are  commonly  called 
“wild,”  "heart,”  "bird’s-eye,”  and  other 
local  names.  This  is  the  species  that 
the  inquirer  mentions.  It  is  the  best  of 
all  stocks  for  cherries  of  the  sweet  type 
of  varieties,  which  belong  to  the  same 
species.  It  would  be  a  good  plan  to 
bud  any  of  these  seedlings  that  are 
healthy  and  vigorous,  as  they  usually 
are,  that  stand  where  cherry  trees  are 
wanted.  They  can  be  changed  into  very 
valuable  trees  in  this  way.  But  I  would 
not  advise  transplanting  sprouts  from 
old  trees  to  an  orchard  or  even  inde- 
’  pendent  seedlings  unless  they  are  very 
small.  Nursery  trees  on  Mazzard  roots 
would  be  cheaper  and  better  in  the  end. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


Vegetables  Before  Alfalfa. 

I  wish  to  plant  about  two  acres  of 
Alfalfa  during  the  last  two  weeks  of  next 
July,  planting  some  garden  crops  on  that 
ground  that  I  can  harvest  before  it  is 
time  to  plant  the  Alfalfa.  Would  garden 
beets  and  carrots  be  big  enough  to  pull 
and  bunch  for  market?  Would  early  cab¬ 
bage  have  time  to  mature?  D.  i.  w. 

Brunswick,  O. 

You  ought  to  be  able  to  force  beets  and 
carrots  to  market  size  by  July  20.  The 
early  cabbage  would  not  be  a  sure  crop, 
but  by  forcing  it  you  should  make  it  large 
enough. 


Crops  for  Raw  Muck  Ground. 

What  is  the  best  crop  to  put  on  first? 
Shall  I  have  to  use  lime  or  fertilizer? 
It  is  two  feet  deep  and  inhabited  by  fish- 
worms  ;  underneath  that  white  sand.  I 
sowed  rye  and  Timothy  seed  last  Fall, 
but  they  froze  out ;  now  bog  grass  is 
coming  in.  t.  m.  p. 

Hartwood,  N.  Y. 

This  soil  is  probably  sour  and  not  well 
drained.  In  the  latter  case  it  holds  water, 
which  freezes  all  through  it  so  as  to  heave 
out  the  grass  roots  and  kill  them.  You 
should  lime  such  land — at  least  one  ton 
per  acre.  A  mixture  of  Timothy  and  Red- 
top  with  a  seeding  of  Alsike  clover  will 
be  the  best  for  grass.  Corn  often  does 
well  on  such  land,  though  it  will  usually 
run  to  stalk  rather  than  ear.  We  should 
seed  to  grass. 


Apple  Notes  from  Ohio. 

The  terrible  drought  came  to  a  close 
the  last  days  of  August  with  over  three 
inches  of  rain,  which  came  down  gently 
for  two  days,  and  we  have  had  plenty  of 
showers  since  then.  Pastures  came  on  bet¬ 
ter  than  they  were  last  Spring  and  mead¬ 
ows  came  up,  so  considerable  grass  has 
been  cut  for  hay  this  Fall.  Some  grass 
and  Alfalfa  sown  in  the  Spring  late  and  in 
Summer  is  doing  well  and  I  am  hoping  for 
the  best.  Alfalfa  made  a  better  start  and 
is  keeping  it  up  better  than  clover  and 
Orchard  grass.  Winter  Hairy  vetch  has 
started  well  on  some  old  worn-out  land. 
The  drought  hurt  many  apple  trees  so 
badly  that  many  of  the  leaves  were  in¬ 
jured  so  they  fell,  and  the  fruit  could  not 
grow  as  it  should  have  done.  Much  of 
it  on  our  poor  hills  is  under  size  and  off 
in  color,  although  quite  a  lot  of  it  is 
nearly  up  to  the  standard,  but  all  is  later 
than  usual  in  coloring  and  getting  the 
size.  Many  orchards  were  not  picked  over 
till  two  weeks  later  than  last  year,  and 
there  has  been  plenty  of  help.  The  crop 
has  disappointed  almost  all  the  growers  in 
size,  as  the  output  for  the  county  will  not 
be  half  what  we  expected  before  the  drought 
injured  it  so.  and  it  is  only  15  or  20 
per  cent  of  what  was  here  last  year.  There 
are  exceptions  to  all  rules,  and  the  orchard 
of  B.  F.  MeOown  on  the  high  bottom  land 
along  the  Ohio  River  above  Proctorville 
has  the  best  crop  iu  its  history  of  17  years, 
and  it  is  the  best  color  I  have  seen  this 
year  and  equal  to  the  best  for  any  year 
for  Rome  Beauty.  The  size  is  all  that  can 
be  desired  for  a  full  crop,  and  practically 
every  tree  is  full,  there  being  about  340 
Rome  Beauty.  17  years  planted.  The  or¬ 
chard  has  been  in  sod  for  about  a  half 
score  of  years,  but  was  cultivated  before 
that  till  it  had  the  blight  so  bad  he  was 
afraid  he  would  lose  it,  and  he  sowed  it 
down  to  check  the  growth  and  has  been 
so  well  pleased  with  it  under  the  sod 
mulch  system  that  he  would  have  no  other 
for  a  bearing  orchard.  He  sprayed  all  but 
two  rows  with  Boredaux  3-4-50  and  arsen¬ 
ate  of  lead,  and  had  perfect  foliage  and 
fruit.  Probably  he  reduced  the  later 
sprayings  to  2-4-50  and  made  four  applica¬ 
tions  after  the  bloom  drooped.  On  two 
rows  he  used  commercial  lime-sulphur  1-35 
and  arsenate  of  lead,  and  injured  the  foli¬ 
age  some,  and  the  result  is  that  the  fruit 
is  somewhat  smaller  in  size,  due  to  de¬ 
fective  foliage.  No  more  lime-sulphur  for 
him  under  any  circumstances.  lie  says 
the  good  results  of  Bordeaux  can  not  be 
improved  upon.  Most  of  the  fruit  here  has 
been  sold  for  about  $3  per  barrel  packed, 
all  Rome  Beauty.  As  they  have  been  so 
late  ripening  considerable  of  the  green 
fruit  was  left  on  the  trees  when  the  ripest 
ones  were  gathered  and  it  has  grown  won¬ 
derfully  and  colored  nicely,  and  a  later 
picking  is  bringing  forth  as  good  fruit  as 
was  harvested  the  first  time.  All  southern 
Ohio  has  had  local  option  for  three  years 
and  as  soon  as  the  time  was  up  the  wets 
petitioned  for  another  election  and  wo  are 
to  vote  on  it  October  2d,  and  the  drys  are 
stirring  themselves  to  keep  it  dry.  We 
are  better  morally,  financially  and  physi¬ 
cally.  taxes  lower,  people  better. 

Ohio.  u.  t.  cox. 


The  weather  here  for  the  past  month  has 
been  very  wet.  No  late  potatoes  dug  as  yet. 
Price  per  bushel,  75  cents ;  average  yield 
about  35  bushels  per  acre.  Corn  is  No.  1. 
also  buckwheat ;  too  wet  to  thrash. 

Westford,  Pa.  e.  l.  h. 

We  find  some  orchards  with  good  crops  of 
red  apples,  Spys.  Yorks.  Twigs,  Bens,  etc. 
Fruit  not  extremely  large  but  uniform  and 
of  excellent  color  and  where  properly 
sprayed  and  cared  for  nice,  clean  stock,  but 
like  many  others  our  people  are  getting  a 
poor  price.  It  seems  the  buyers  are  all 
posted,  and  each  has  certain  fields  to  oper¬ 
ate  in  unmolested.  I  know  of  many  being 
sold  for  .$2  per  barrel  that  certainly  should 
have  brought  $2.50  to  $3.  We  have  an  asso¬ 
ciation  in  Virginia  for  selling  our  apples, 
but  few  in  this  section  will  adhere  to  same, 
do  not  like  to  pay  the  five  per  cent  commis¬ 
sion.  Will  sell  for  $2  net  instead  of  $3  less 
five  per  cent,  or  $2.85  per  barrel.  Our  peo¬ 
ple  have  made  rapid  progress  within  the  last 
five  years  as  to  practical  methods  for  spray¬ 
ing  and  general  orchard  work.  The  more 
aggressive  growers  use  a  high  grade  pre¬ 
pared  lime-sulphur.  Many  on  the  market 
but  few  are  worthy ;  use  none  except  the 
high  testing  ones,  and  of  a  bright,  cherry 
red  color.  If  it  is  windy,  or  has  sediment 
in  it,  beware !  So  many  people  will  use 
a  low  grade  article  because  the  price  is 
low.  then  50  gallons  is  hardly  equivalent  to 
25  gallons  of  the  better  grade.  y.  o. 

Troupville,  Pa. 


WHO  KNOWS 

Charles  A.  Green,  the  man  who,  over  thirty 
years  ago,  discovered  that  fruit  growing  was 
the  best  and  most  profitable  way  to  occupy 
land,  has  written  an  intensely  interesting  and 
highly  instructive  book,  “How  I  Made  the  Old 
Farm  Pay.”  It  is  worth  many  dollars  to  any 
fruit  grower  or  farmer.  It  is  a  story  of  Mr. 
Green’s  actual  work  and  its  results.  YOU  may 
follow  its  methods  and  teachings  and  make  your 
farm  much  more  profitable. 

Mr.  Green  edits  and  publishes 

Green’S  Fruit  Grower 

The  Oldest  Fruit  Journal  In  America 

(Established  over  30  years  ago) 

His  editorials  and  advice  are  timely  and  in¬ 
structive,  as  are  the  writings  of  his  staff  ol 
horticultural  writers.  Here  every  month  you 
are  sure  to  get  news  of  the  latest  and  best 
methods  which  make  for  success  and  profit  in 
fruit  growing  and  farming. 

There  is  big  profit  and  pleasure  in  fruit  grow¬ 
ing.  Even  a  few  trees  are  profitable.  Apples 
are  worth  twice  as  much  as  Oranges!  For 
years  we  have  advised  our  readers  to  plant 
orchards,  and  many  are  now  getting  their  re¬ 
ward  in  big  profits.  Every  home-owner  should 
plant  a  few  fruit  trees. 

GREEN’S  FRUIT  GROWER  tells  you  how 
and  where  to  plant,  how  to  prune  and  spray, 
and  how  to  make  your  fruit  trees  most  pro¬ 
ductive.  Mr.  Green  has  piloted  many  orchard- 
ists  to  success.  YOU  need  this  publication 
NOW.  Send  35  cents  now  and  get  GREEN’S 
FRUIT  GROWER  for  twelve  months  and 
Green’s  booklet,  “Thirty  Years  with  Fruits  and 
Flowers.”  Or  send  us  $1.00  to-day  and  we  will 
send  you  GREEN’S  FRUIT  GROWER  every 
month  for  four  years  (48  numbers)  and  Mr. 
Green’s  famous  book,  “How  I  Made  the  Farm 
Pay.”  A  book  that  will  hold  your  interest 
from  cover  to  cover.  Think  of  it!  This  valu¬ 
able  book  and  48  numbers  of  the  greatest  fruit 
journal  in  the  world  for  only  $1.00,  all  charges 
prepaid,  if  you  send  at  once. 

order  to-day,  as  the  price  will  be 
Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

GREEN’S  FRUIT  GROWER  CO. 

Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Box  B 


Sherwin-Williams 

Paints  &  Varnishes 

FOR  THE  FARM 

The  best  protection  for  your  barns,  corn  cribs 
and  outbuildings  is  Sherwin-Williams  Com¬ 
monwealth  Barn  Red.  A  bright,  handsome 
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covering  capacity,  spreads  well  under  brush 
and  looks  best  longest.  Sold  by  dealers 
everywhere.  Ask  for  color  cards. 


Address  all  inquiries  to  The  Sherwin-Williams  Co., 635  Canal  Road,  N.  W., Cleveland,  Ohio 


Do  Tour  spraying  with 

COMPRESSED  AIR  SPRAYERS 

Save  Money,  Time,  Tabor 

W.  H.  OWEN  SPRAYER  COMPANY,  SANDUSKY,  OHIO 


Peach  and 


Appli 

iting.  Priet 


le  Trees 

For  fall  or  spring  planting”  Prices  right;  stock 
right.  MYER  Si  SON,  Bridgeville,  Delaware 

TDUCC  f  By  the  Millions.  A  complete  line 
111,1,11  *  at  wholesale  prices.  Large  supply 
A  •  of  peach  trees  aud  Privet  Hedging. 

The  Westminster  Nursery,  Westminster,  Maryland 

OLANT  your  APPLE  ORCHARD  in  the  Kin- 
derhook  Country  where  good  orchard*  and 
good  living  go  together.  Come  and  see.  Ask 
for  booklet.  Rural  Life  Co.,  Kinderhook,  N.  Y. 

NOTICE  to  PLANTERS 

I  have  a  surplus  of  extra  fine  1-yr.  stock  of  the  leading  varieties  o* 
Apple  Trees  proiuixuted  from  my  bearing  orchards.  It  will  pay  you 
to  get  in  touch  with  me  on. this  stock.  B.  F.  Kean,  Stanley,  N.  V. 

APPLE  BARRELS-fisi  LOTSOR 


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price  list. 


at  reasonable 

BASIL  PERRY,  D 


e  prices.  Send  for 

.  18,  Cool  Spring,  Del. 


“Howto  Grow  and  Market  Fruit” 

Tells  the  Whole  Story  in  One  Volume ;  oives  Lifetime  Exper¬ 
ience  of  Practical  Growers.  2,000  Acres  in  Nursery  Stock. 
Large  Stock  of  Peach  and  Apple  Trees, 

Write  for  catalog  and  how  to  get  the  booh  free. 

HARRISON  NURSERIES,  Berlin ,  Md. 


FRUIT  TREES  $6.48  FOR  100 

We  grow  the  trees  we  sell  from 
bearing  orchards,  true  to  name, 
fresh  dug.  free  from  scale.  If  you 
want  the  best  fruit  wo  have  the 
varieties  you  need. 

Everybody  send  for  free  illus¬ 
trated  catalogue.  Established  26 
years-  Capital  $60,060.00. 

Maloney  Bros.  &  Wells  Co.. 
Box  5,  Dansville,  N.  Y. 


or  Hoops. 


ESS.  Ah;<>  Heads 
ROBT.  GILLIES,  Medina.  N.  Y. 


100,000  Wilder  Currant  Bushes 

At  $14.00  per  M. ;  Two-year,  $18.00 
Special  on  large  quantities. 

J.  F.  WYGANT,  MARLBORO,  N.  Y 


FRUIT  TREES 

We  are  ready  to  take  orders  for 
FALL  DELIVERY  for 

BLACK’S  QUALITY  TREES 

Send  for  Booklet 

JOS.  IJ-  BLACK,  SON  &  CO..  HICHTSTOWN,  N.  J. 


J.  H.Hale,  ike  Peach  Ktng>  -writes:  The  Double  Action ‘Cutaway’ is 
a  splendid  tool.  I  use  it  in  polishing  off  my  peach  orchards  several  times  a 
year.  A  good  pair  of  horses  handle  it  all  right.” 

.  The  genuine  “Cutaway”  tools  are  used  and  endorsed  by  successful  orchard- 
lsis  from  coast  to  coast  and  bay  to  gulf. 

In  orchard  work  the  driver  can  cultivate  under  the  trees  and  below  the  low 
limbs,  the  horses  not  interfering  with  the  branches.  The  double  levers  give 
the  driver  lull  control  of  tool  a t  ail  times.  For  regular  farm  work  the  gangs 
can  be  drawn  together. 

DOUBLE  ACTION 
ORCHARD  HARROW 

Every  orchardist  and  fruit  grower  should  have  one  or  more  of  these  labor  savers 
and  fruit  makers.  They  will  positively  pay  for  themselves  in  one  season.  To  investi¬ 
gate  is  to  be  convinced. 

Thorough  cultivation  makes  large  crops.  Stirring  the  soil  lets  in  the  air,  sunshine 
and  new  life,  and  kills  foul  vegetation.  The  “Cutaway”  disk  slices,  stirs,  lifts,  twists 
and  aerates  the  soil.  Clark’s  ‘‘Cutaway”  Tools  run  lighter  aud  do  better  work  than 
any  other  machine.  Lasts  a  lifetime. 

Send  today  for  new  cutalog,  “Intensive  Cultivation Of  course,  it’s  free. 

CUTAWAY  HARROW  COMPANY 

83!)  MAIN  STREET  HICCANUM,  CONNECTICUT 


UTAWAY 


1911. 


THIS.  KUKAIi  NEW-VORKKH 


]  040 


Pears  for  Maine. 

A.  R.  B.,  Dexter,  Me. — I  wrote  you  sev¬ 
eral  weeks  ago  about  my  plum  orchard ; 
how  I  have  to  cut  it  down  on  account  of 
the  black  knot.  I  have  almost  decided  to 
reset  it  to  pears,  and  I  co,me  to  you  to  And 
out  what  kind  to  set.  I  think  I  want  a 
Winter  pear,  and  have  been  thinking  of  the 
Anjou.  Are  there  any  that  you  would 
advise?  The  ground  is  occupied  now  with 
currants  and  gooseberries.  I  want  a  strong, 
free  grower ;  would  give  high  culture. 
Would  you  advise  setting  dwarf  trees  that 
would  become  standard  in  time?  Or  is 
there  any  other  kind  of  fruit  I  could  raise? 
I  have  one  and  one-half  acre  of  land,  in¬ 
cluding  my  house  lot.  Pears  seem  to  grow 
well  here. 

Ans. — For  a  small  place  such  as  is 
described,  where  not  much  more  than 
an  acre  can  be  devoted  to  fruits,  dwarf 
pear  trees  would  be  very  suitable.  But  I 
would  not  advise  to  plant  them  only,  for 
other  trees  would  probably  be  as  good 
or  better  some  years.  There  is  no  need 
to  abandon  growing  plums,  for  the 
black  knot  can  be  easily  kept  off  the 
trees  by  a  little  care  and  prompt  action 
in  cutting  off  all  signs  of  it  as  soon  as 
seen.  Dwarf  pear  trees  would  take  very 
little  space,  and  should  be  set  15  feet 
.apart  in  the  row,  but  the  rows  could  be 
20  to  30  feet  apart,  and  thus  give  room 
for  growing  currants  and  other  small 
fruits,  which  will  pay  equally  well.  The 
idea  of  planting  the  dwarf  pear  trees 
several  inches  deeper  than  they  were  in 
the  nursery,  so  there  will  be  pear  roots 
sent  down  from  above  the  quince  stock, 
is  a  very  good  plan,  for  the  trees  will 
bear  early,  as  dwarfs  do,  and  then  be¬ 
come  more  vigorous  as  the  pear  roots 
take  hold  in  the  soil.  Anjou  is  a  good 
variety  and  so  is  Lawrence  if  a  later 
kind  is  desired.  H.  e.  van  deman. 


Fighting  White  Grubs. 

Is  there  any  remedy  for  the  grubworm 
pest?  It  just  beats  all  I  ever  saw  In  my 
life.  They  get  in  my  celery  trenches,  work 
right  along  in  the  row,  cutting  loose  the 
roots  and  eating  the  leaf  stem  from  plants, 
and  loosening  up  the  soli  so  that  it  has  no 
chance  to  make  hardly  any  perceptible 
growth  at  all.  I  have  been  thinking  of 
boiling  some  tobacco  till  the  liquid  gets 
very  strong,  and  also  cayenne  pepper,  and 
sprinkling  with  it,  but  as  the  worms  work 
in  the  soil  from  about  four  to  six  Inches 
deep,  I  have  wondered  whether  they  could 
be  conquered  this  way  or  not.  I  Tare 
thought  of  Bordeaux  mixture,  but  a*  the 
vegetation  they  work  on  are  much  of  the 
same  nature  as  the  insect  that  subsists  od 
it,  it  does  seem  to  me  that  what  would 
destroy  the  insect  would  be  equally  de¬ 
structive  to  the  plant  on  which  they  Sub¬ 
sist.  *.  r.  c. 

Alta  Vista,  Va. 

We  can  give  you  little  encouragement. 
Fighting  white  grubs  when  they  are  well 
developed  In  the  soil  is  an  endless  job. 
Thorough  culture  during  late  Summer  will 
destroy  many  eggs  and  young  grubs,  but 
the  older  ones  are  usually  too  deep  in 
the  ground  to  be  reached  by  poisons  or 
chemicals.  The  only  hope  lies  in  cleaning 
out  the  grubs  before  crops  are  planted. 
Deep  Fall  plowing  will  help — with  a  flock 
of  poultry  to  follow  the  plow.  One  of  the 
surest  ways  to  clean  out  the  grubs  is  to 
turn  a  drove  of  lively  young  hogs  into  the  j 
field  and  make  them  root.  They  will  tear 
up  the  soil  two  feet  or  more  deep  and  get  | 
every  grub  within  reach. 


Municipal  Farms  at  San  Diego,  Cal. 

San  Diego,  Cal.,  recently  established  a 
municipal  flower  farm  for  the  Panama- 
California  International  Exposition,  and  has 
since  begun  the  development  of  a  city  for¬ 
age  farm.  The  flower  farm  is  being  oper¬ 
ated  by  the  city  park  commission  to  propa¬ 
gate  and  grow  the  flowers,  vinos,  ferns  and 
trees  required  for  the  exposition  to  be  held 
in  this  city  in  1915.  The  city  forester 
now  has  begun  work  of  putting  in  about 
350  acres  of  hay  and  grain  with  which  to 
feed  the  500  odd  horses  and  100  cattle 
owned  by  the  city  in  its  different  depart¬ 
ments.  Farmers  in  this  country  cut  four 
and  six  crops  of  Alfalfa,  some  as  high  as 
eight,  a  year.  In  spite  of  this  there  is  ai 
dearth  of  hay,  both  Alfalfa  and  grain, 
from  time  to  time,  and  the  city  forester  has 
figured  out  that  he  can  plant  about  350 
acres  of  the  city  “pueblo”  lands  to  hay 

and  grain  and  save  the  city  a  whole  lot 
on  its  feed  bills. 

The  flower  farm  has  been  such  a  suc¬ 
cess  that  he  has  been  told  to  go  ahead  and 
raise  all  the  hay  he  wants  for  the  city 


stock.  If  he  raises  too  much  he  will  be 
nllowed  to  sell  the  surplus.  As  the  “pueblo” 
lands  will  raise  hay  even  in  a  dry  year 
and  grain  in  a  wet  year,  the  forester  is 
sure  of  a  hay  crop  every  year  without  ir¬ 
rigation.  The  expense  will  be  in  putting 
in  the  seed  and  the  regular  dry  farming 
methods  will  be  used.  He  promises  to  re¬ 
lieve  the  city  of  the  annual  squabbles  over 
feed  contracts,  and  to  save  the  city  a  lot 
of  money  by  so  doing.  If  he  succeeds  the 
exposition  division  of  works  will  take  its 
fet'd  from  him,  thus  giving  him  a  revenue 
from  the  first  crop. 


Vegetable  and  Garden  Notes. 

Grass  Under  Trees.— Would  say  to  FI. 
L.  M.,  page  987.  garden  tilth  for  the  pro¬ 
posed  lawn  will  make  grass  grow  in  spite 
of  the  trees  ;  do  the  work  when  convenient. 
Commercial  fertilizer  is  unnecessary  if 
stable  manure  is  to  be  had ;  fine  manure 
is  best  but  the  coarse  strawy  grade  is 
good.  Put  a  large  load  on  a  space  30 
feet  square,  or  all  that  can  be  worked 
into  the  ground  by  tramping  into  furrows  ; 
don't  leave  manure  on  top  of  poor  ground  ; 
don’t  fear  weeds :  a  lawn  is  not  an  onion 
patch  and  desirable  grasses  will  win  out 
when  a  lawn  mower  is  used  on  rich  ground. 
Repeated  working  may  be  required  to  mix 
the  soil  with  the  manure,  and  if  one  ap¬ 
plication  does  not  do  the  work  put  on 
another.  I  could  give  personal  experience 
and  pointed  examples,  but  that  would  re¬ 
quire  too  much  space,  at  any  rate  the 
plan  outlined  can  be  tried  on  a  plot  as 
large  as  a  table  and  results  will  be  seen. 

Ohio.  a.  G.  M. 

Vine  Plant  Crosses. — Who  says  differ¬ 
ent  genera  of  cucurbits  won’t  cross?  Two 
or  three  years  ago  I  had  some  white  bush 
squashes  in  my  garden,  and  50  feet  distant 
I  had  two  or  three  plants  of  nest-egg 
gourds.  I  saved  some  of  the  squash  seeds 
and  planted  them  this  year.  I  now  have 
a  crop  of  nice  little  nest-egg  gourds  on 
running  vines.  A  few  vines  have  bottle¬ 
shaped  fruits,  and  one  vine  has  beautiful 
white  oblong  fruits,  six  to  eight  inches 
long,  and  three  inches  thick.  I  got  no 
squashes  like  those  I  saved  seed  from. 
I  had  some  of  the  young  gourds  cooked  and 
could  not  see  but  that  they  were  about 
as  good  as  squashes.  One  of  the  larger 
ones  above  referred  to  was  very  tender  and 
good,  fried.  Pumpkins  and  squashes  are 
described  in  botanies  as  distinct  species. 
They  readily  cross.  I  can  see  only  varietal 
differences  between  them.  Some  of  my 
cross-bred  vines  have  mottled  leaves  like 
pumpkin  leaves.  The  readiness  with  which 
my  gourds  and  squashes  crossed  leads  me 
to  believe  that  they  are  of  one  genus,  or 
that  the  white  bush  squash  is  a  hybrid. 

Kentucky.  f.  e.  aspinwall. 

A  Southern  Vegetable  Farm. — We  grew 
hothouse  tomatoes  last  Winter,  and  found 
them  profitable.  We  built  our  greenhouse 
for  other  purposes,  i.  e.,  for  growing  early 
vegetables  for  our  own  use  as  well  as  for 
local  and  other  trade.  We  are  now  build¬ 
ing  another  large  greenhouse  for  tomatoes. 
We  grow  the  following  varieties  in  the 
greenhouse.  Comet,  Winter  Beauty,  Button’s 
Al,  Sutton’s  Best  of  All,  and  Sutton’s 
Abundance.  We  purchase  our  seed  from 
England,  paying  a  high  price  for  it.  We 
are  working  to  the  end  of  selecting  our 
own  seed  for  this  climate.  We  have  a 
farm  of  300  acres,  200  under  cultivation, 
in  spinach,  kale,  lettuce,  cabbage,  sweet 
and  Irish  potatoes,  etc.  We  intend  to 
reach  the  consumer  direct  with  products 
from  this  farm,  as  soon  as  the  farm  gets 
into  a  high  state  of  cultivation  and  system. 

Virginia.  frank  brinton. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


- - - - 

One  Mother 

Says 

“There’s  only  one  trouble 
with 

Post 
T  oasties 

“When  I  get  a  package 
or  two,  Father  and  the  Boys 
at  once  have  tremendous 
appetites.” 


Post  Toasties 

Require  No  Cooking 


Serve  with  sugar  and  cream 
and  the  smiles  go  round  the 
table. 

“The  Memory  Lingers” 

Sold  by  Grocers 


Postmn  Cereal  Co.,  Ltd. 
Battle  Creek,  Mich. 


Copyright.  1Q1J,  by  Rational  Clonk  Suit  C« 


For  the  fifth  time  we  say 

This  is  Your 
“National”  Style  Book 

Five  times  we  have  taken  this  valuable 
space  in  the  Rural  New-Yorker  to 
tell  you  that  we  had  reserved  one 
“National”  Style  Book  for  You. 

Five  times  we  have  asked  you  to  write  for 
this  Style  Book— just  to  get  acquainted  with 
you  and  to  get  you  acquainted  with  the 
‘  National.” 

We  promise  that  it  will  be  a  real  benefit,  a 
genuine  pleasure,  a  matter  of  money  saved, 
if  you  accept  this  invitation  and  write  for  the 
Style  Book  we  have  reserved  to  send  you  free. 

For  your  own 
personal  pleasure 
and  ad  v  a  n  t  a  ge, 
you  should  know 
the  “National” 

— you  should  now 
write  for  your 
free  copy  of  the 
“National"  Win¬ 
ter  Style  Book. 


n 


An  Example  of  “NATIONAL”  Values 

A  Perfectly  Tailored  Fine  Broadcloth  Coat,  $15 

We  Pay  Express  Charges 

This  is  a  finely  tailored,  perfectly  finished  black  Broadcloth 
Coat,  that  in  real  worth  can  not  be  equaled  elsewhere  for  $20.  It 
is  No.  9607  shown  on  page  98  of  the  “National”  Style  Book 
pictured  here. 

This  beautiful  garment,  this  exceptional  bargain,  is  just  one 
example  of  "  National  ”  Coats — the  most  wonderful  and  com¬ 
plete  assortment  of  coats  shown  in  America. 

For  twenty-three  years  the  “National”  has  specialized  on 
ladies’  coats,  so  that  today  it  is  a  matter  of  your  own  personal 
advantage  to  write  for  your  “  National”  Style  Book,  and  sec  the 
new  coats  and  study  the  low  prices  before  .making  up  your  mind. 

Your  Style  Book  also  shows: 


Dresses 
Coats  . 
Furs  . 


.  $10  to  $30 

.  $10  to  $50 

.  $2.25  to  $75 


Hats  . 
Skirts  . 
Waists 


$2.98  to  $13 
$3.98  to  $15 
.98  to  $10 


Also  a  full  line  of  Underwear,  Hosiery,  Scarfs,  Veils,  Raincoats, 
Gloves,  Sweaters,  Leather  Goods,  Jewelry,  and  a  complete 
line  of  Boys’,  Misses’  and  Children's  Wearing  Apparel. 

;  “NATIONAL’Tailored  Suits 

Measure  *15  to  *40 

Samples  of  Materials  Sent  Free 

Each  Made-to-Measure  Suit  is  actually  cut  and  made  to 
order,  and  we  guarantee  each  suit  to  lit  perfectly  or  we  will 
cheerfully  refund  your  money. 

The  “NATIONAL”  Policy 

The  "NATIONAL”  prepays  postage  and  expressage  to  all  parts  of 
the  world.  Every  “NATIONAL”  Garment  has  the  “NATIONAL” 
Guarantee  Tag— our  signed  guarantee— attached.  This  tag  says 
that  you  may  return  any  "NATIONAL”  Garment  not  satisfactory 
to  you  and  we  will  refund  your  money  and  pay  express  charges 
both  ways. 

In  writing  for  your  Style  Book,  be  sure  to  state  whether  you 
desire  samples  of  materials  used  for  “National”  Made-to- 
Measure  Tailored  Suits.  Samples  are  sent  gladly  but  only  when 
asked  for— and  they  are  well  worth  asking  for. 

NATIONAL  CLOAK  &  SUIT  COMPANY 

273  West  24th  St.,  New  York  City 
Mail  Orders  Only  No  Agents  or  Branches 

M-— H  ■  ■  ■  »•— H. 


Are  fast  replacing  the  high  farm  wagons  for 
general  farm  work.  The  reason  is  plain.  The 
Low-Down  wagon  makes  easier  work  for  the 
man  and  no  harder  for  the  team.  One  man 
can  do  most  of  his  farm  work  alone  with  the 
Low-Down  wagon.  Get  our  free  catalogue. 

HAVANA  METAL  WHEEL  CO.,  BOX  17  HAVANA,  ILL. 


GREAT  CROP  RESULTS 

from  the  use  of  Martin’s  Animal  Bono  and  Tankage 
Fertilizers  force  us  to  operate  a  third  factory;  total 
capacity,  200,000  tons.  Seven  large  abattoirs  and 
stockyards  furnish  the  bulk  of  our  raw  materials. 
Agents  and  farmers  constant  !y  assure  us  that  our 
fertilizers  give  the  best  results  of  any  ever  tested 
and  that  they  sell  more  than  of  any  over  handled. 
Agents  and  farmers  wanting  strictly  independent 
animal  matter  fertilizers,  with  exclusive  soiling 
territory,  should  arrange  with  us  NOW. 

D.  B.  MARTIN  CO.  A  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


this  country  millions  of  dollars.  When  they  were  first  placed  on 
the  market  their  cheapness  appealed  to  many  and  they  were  exten¬ 
sively  used,  but  thousands  of  roofs  had  to  be  re-shlngled,  numberless 
houses  re-sided  and  miles  of  fences  rebuilt.  That  was  because  they 
rusted  —  could  not  withstand  the  attacks  of  rain,  frost,  sleet  and  snow. 

Roofs  shingled  thirty  years  ago  with  M.  I.  F.  Co.  Zinc 
Coated  Nails  have  been  found  free  from  rust — just  as  good 
as  when  new — ready  to  be  used  over  again. 


In  the  manufacture  of  M.  I.  F.  Co.  nails 
from  ten  to  twelve  pounds  of  pure  zinc 
is  used  in  coating  each  hundredweight. 
They  cannot  rust.  They  are  as  indestruc¬ 
tible  as  copper  nails,  and  cost  only  one- 
third  as  much.  They  save  roof  repairing. 


and  the  more  expensive  work  of  re-roof¬ 
ing,  re-clapboarding  and  re-flooring  veran¬ 
das.  When  you  build  you  should  specify 
M.  I.  F.  Co.  nails.  For  your  own  use  you 
can  get  convenient  25  or  50  lb.  boxes  of 
M.  I.  F.  Co.  nails. 


If  your  hardware  dealer  isn't  supplied  write  for  your  nearest  dealer' s  name 
and  our  book ,  “  Nail  Knowledge."  It  will  be  sent  free. 

Malleable  Iron  Fittings  Co.,  Dept.  K,  Branford,  Conn. 


1060 


THIS  RURAL  N.’LW-YOKKER 


October  28, 


NEWS  FROM  ALBANY,  N.  Y. 

Politics  at  the  Capital. — Tbe  lot  of 
the  average  office  bolder  is  not  at  all  en¬ 
viable  just  at  present.  No  matter  what  his 
party  affiliations  his  morning’s  mail  is  pret¬ 
ty  sure  to  contain  a  pleasantly  worded  re¬ 
quest  for  a  contribution  for  the  good  of  "our 
glorious  cause,”  which,  upon  second  read¬ 
ing,  doesn't  sound  quite  so  pleasant.  There 
is  a  note  of  demand  with  a  suggestion  of 
a  threat  somewhere  in  it  which  seems  to 
say  “come  across  with  some  money,  or  look 
out  for  your  job.”  To  be  sure  both  com¬ 
mittees  of  the  two  great  parties  are  most 
careful  to  comply  with  the  law  which  pro¬ 
hibits  seeking  contributions  from  State  em¬ 
ployees.  and  prominently  displayed  in  every 
department  is  a  placard  containing  the  stat¬ 
ute  which  forbids  assessment,  or  solicitation, 
of  money  from  public  officers.  But  it  is 
the  exceptional  employee  who  has  the  back¬ 
bone  to  refuse  to  contribute ;  many  giving 
up  to  both  parties. 

Albany  City  Investigation. — The  Senate 
committee,  with  $50,000  of  the  taxpayers’ 
money,  to  investigate  Albany  affairs  is  at 
work,  and  four  days  each  week  is  given  over 
to  an  exhibit  in  public  of  disgusting  sore 
"  pots  existing  on  the  body  politic.  Nothing 
l!ius  far  has  been  shown  that  has  not  been 
l  nown  for  years  to  have  been  going  on. 
Petty  grafting,  protection  of  immorality, 
granting  favors  to  political  henchmen,  pro¬ 
fiting  from  city  contracts — all  these  signs  of 
a  low  conception  of  civic  righteousness 
which  seem  to  exist  in  every  large  city — 
are  set  forth  daily  in  the  public  press,  such 
portions  as  are  printable.  It  does  not  seem 
that  any  lasting  good  can  come  from  this 
investigation  unless  it  may  turn  the 
thoughts  of  the  better  class  of  citizens  to 
the  efforts  of  those  cities  in  the  West  which 
are  experimenting  with  commission  govern¬ 
ment.  seeking  to  find  ways  to  make  govern¬ 
ment  what  it  should  be — in  the  interest  of 
the  people  and  not  merely  for  the  good  of 
the  professional  politician. 

Wingdale  Prison.— More  than  six  years 
ago  a  movement  was  started  looking  toward 
the  abandonment  of  Sing  Sing  prison  and 
electing  a  new  prison  in  place  thereof.  An 
active  propaganda  was  carried  on  in  which 
existing  conditions  were  pictured  so  vividly 
vile  that  the  public  conscience  was  stirred 
'•'th  the  result  that  the  Legislature  of 
!bO(l  created  a  commission  on  new  prisons 
authorized  to  establish  a  new  prison  to  re¬ 
place  that  at  Sing  Sing.  The  history  of 
the  activities  of  this  commission — that  is  if 
ell  of  the  secret  tales  might  be  told — would 
make  a  fine  subject  for  a  muck-raking  maga¬ 
zine  article.  To  date  there  has  been  appro¬ 
priated  for  this  single  new  prison  $850,000. 
of  which  up  to  April  1  of  the  present  year 
$J02.121.41  has  been  spent,  for  which  the 
State  has  to  show  a  vacated  site  at  Bear 
Mountain  (now  part  of  the  Palisade  Park 
system)  and  550  acres  of  land  in  Dutchess 
county,  together  with  a  set  of  plans,  which 
latter  cost  thus  far  more  than  one  hundred 
thousand  dollars.  Beside  this  the  State 
stands  committed  to  a  further  expenditure 
for  buildings  of  more  than  two  million  dol¬ 
lars.  After  all  the  pother  of  awakening  the 
public  conscience  and  obtaining  several  ap¬ 
propriations  the  State  began  building  a 
prison  up  in  Washington  countv,  and  a  gen¬ 
eral  cleaning  up  at  Sing  Sing  quickly  re¬ 
lieved  the  worst  of  conditions  there ;  then 
the  supply  of  prisoners  began  to  fall  off  and 
now  it  seems  that  there  is  no  great  neces¬ 
sity  for  this  new  prison  in  Dutchess  County 
after  all.  So  Governor  Dix,  hoping  to  save 
at  least  two  millions  of  the  people’s  money, 
now  proposes  to  give  over  the  work  at 
Wingdale  ;  to  stop  the  work  of  digging  foun¬ 
dations  just  begun,  and  letting  the  present 
prisons,  possibly  with  small  additions  at 
Comstocks  care  for  the  prison  population. 
Strange  to  say  there  are  many  persons  who 
refuse  to  see  this  matter  as  the  Governor 
does,  but  some  of  these  persons  have  stone 
and  cement  and  various  other  supplies  to 
sell,  and  that  may  account  for  their  objec¬ 
tions.  The  Governor  seems  to  he  in  earnest 
about  this  and  it  is  likely  he  will  have  his 
way  even  if  lie  has  to  ask  the  members  of 
tbe.  Commission  on  New  Prisons  to  resign 
their  positions.  The  Governor  is  being  bit¬ 
terly  attacked  in  certain  quarters,  but  he 
<an  well  afford  to  withstand  these  if  he  can 
00o°  tLe.uanecessary  expenditure  of  $2,000.- 

Tnspkction  of  Dams.— Imnelled  bv  the  re¬ 
cent  calamities  at  Austin  Pa.,  and  in  the 
West,  the  State  Conservation  Commission  is 
causing  an  investigation  of  all  dams  and 
reservoirs  in  this  Ptate.  Alexander  Rice  Me- 
ICim  of  New  York  has  been  appointed  to 
eonduet  the  inquiry  whether  we  have  any 
weak  or  insecure  dams  in  the  State.  For¬ 
tunately  the  commission  is  elothed  with 
1  >ower  not  only  to  make  such  an  inquiry, 
but  to  compel  the  owners  of  any  dangerous 
dams  to  make  them  safe.  A  penalty  of  $50<? 
per  day  for  non-compliance  with  such  an 
order  gives  the  law  plenty  of  teeth  to  make 
it  effective.  The  commission  has  a  census 
of  every  water  power  plant  in  the  State, 
and  all  will  be  examined  as  speedily  as  pos¬ 
sible. 

State  Probation  System. — Marked  prog¬ 
ress  in  the  use  of  the  probation  system  for 
dealing  with  offenders  is  shown  in  the 
fourth  annual  report  of  the  State  Proba¬ 
tion  Commission,  now  being  issued.  The 
idea  behind  the  system  is  not  to  cast  into 
prison  first  offenders,  particularly  boys  and 
girls,  but  to  give  them  “another  chance.” 
,,nlie  system,  although  only  10  years  old  in 
this  State,  was  used  last  year  in  37  cities 
and  34  county  courts;  the  total  number  of 
persons  under  the  care  of  probationary  offi¬ 
cers  (luring  the  year  was  11.706.  In  certain 
courts  the  probation  officers  collect  several 
thousand  dollars  from  non-supporting  hus¬ 
bands  and  turn  the  money  over  to  their 
families — a  much  more  sensible  course  than 
locking  the  offenders  up  and  permitting  the 
families  to  suffer  want. 

State  Library  School. — The  twenty- 
sixth  annual  session  of  the  New  York  Li¬ 
brary  School  began  the  4tli  inst.,  with  44 
students  in  attendance.  The  pupils  come 
from  14  States,  and  Denmark  and  Norway 
each,  sent  one.  With  the  great  increase  in 
public  libraries  there  is  a  constant  demand 
for  trained  librarians,  and  young  people, 
fairly  educated,  seeking  careers,  might  do 
worse  than  consider  the  opportunities  af¬ 
forded  in  this  direction. 

Vital  Statistics. — The  State’s  vital  sta¬ 
tistics  for  the  month  of  August  are  but  just 
available,  and  disclose  the  deaths  for  that 


month  to  have  been  11,553,  which  was  | 
enough  less  than  the  number  in  July  to 
amount  to  a  saving  of  thirty  a  day,  or  near¬ 
ly  1.000  for  the  entire  month.  The  births 
for  tbe  month  were  19,062.590  more  boys 
than  girls.  Cases  of  communicable  diseases 
reported  were  1.337  diphtheria  (it  is  grat¬ 
ifying  that  this  dread  disease  is  generally 
decreasing);  1,019  measles;  480  scarlet 
fever  ;  14  smallpox  ;  3,023  pulmonary  tuber¬ 
culosis ;  1,376  typhoid  fever,  etc.  The 

month’s  total  deaths  from  violence  is  given 
as  951.  It  is  shocking  to  read  that  the 
suicides  were  112;  the  homjeides  44  and 
accidental  drownings  161.  Railroad  acci¬ 
dents  and  injuries  caused  159  deaths.  The 
number  of  automobile  killings  is  not  given. 

“Abandoned  Farms.” — The  Department  of 
Agriculture  has  in  preparation  the  seventh 
annual  farm  bulletin  containing  a  list  of 
farms  occupied  and  unoccupied  which  are 
for  sale  or  rent.  This  list  is  popularly 
termed  the  “abandoned  farm  book,”  but 
from  the  returns  already  received  at  the 
department  in  response  to  inquiries  sent  out 
it  is  anything  but  that.  The  chief  of  the 
bureau  of  statistics  has  information  showing 
that  sales  from  last  year’s  bulletin  have  al¬ 
ready  exceeded  150  in  number,  and  that  the 
average  price  paid  for  these  “abandoned” 
farms  is  about  $5,735.  These  figures  would 
scorn  to  indicate  that  a  higher  type  or  class 
of  farm  is  now  being  sought  than  a  few 
years  ago,  when  inquiries  were  all  for 
farms  valued  at  about  $10  per  acre.  One 
explanation  is  that  farmers  from  the  West 
and  from  provinces  as  far  away  as  Sas¬ 
katchewan  are  coming  into  New  York  State, 
attracted  by  the  climate,  the  school  facili¬ 
ties  and  closer  proximity  to  markets  than 
they  had  hitherto  enjoyed 

Again  the  Chestnut  Tree  Blight. — The 
press  of  the  State  for  several  weeks  past 
has  given  free  rein  to  articles  concerning 
the  chestnut  tree  blight,  doubtless  moved 
thereto  by  the  gathering  of  scientific  men 
called  by  Commissioner  Pearson  to  meet  in 
Albany  to  consider  means  of  checking  this 
scourge.  The  man  in  tbe  street,  however, 
says  that  chestnuts  appear  to  be  about  as 
plentiful  as  ever;  there  are  just  as  many 
Greek  or  Italian  vendors  of  the  hot-roasted 
nut  as  heretofore;  the  price  is  still  $6  per 
bushel,  just  as  in  past  years :  so  he  goes  on 
his  way,  munching  contentedly.  But  if  the 
scientific  sharps  whom  Commissioner  Pear¬ 
son  got  together  are  to  be  believed  the 
grandson  of  this  same  man-in-the-street  will 
scarce  know  the  flavor  of  the  delightful  lit¬ 
tle  nut,  except  it  be  Imported  unless  some 
way  is  devised  to  stamp  out  the  disease. 

Publisher’s  Desk. — A  subscriber  of  The 
Rural  New-Yorker  residing  in  Albany,  one 
who  religiously  scans  the  Publisher’s  Desk 
column,  recently  read  therein  the  tale  of  the 
Pawling  farmer  who  fell  into  the  hands  of 
the  “gyp”  dealers  in  New  York  City, 
and  also  noted  the  comment  of  the  publisher 
in  which  he  warned  his  readers  against  a 
certain  Cable  Express  Co.  engaged  in  fake 
horse  selling.  It  happened  that  this  man 
that  same  day  noticed  in  fm;  columns  of 
his  favorite  Albany  morning  paper  an  ad¬ 
vertisement  of  the  very  Cable  Express  Co. 
of  which  he  had  read  a  warning  a  few 
hours  before.  Immediately  he  called  at  tne 
office  of  his  favorite  morning  paper,  taking 
The  R.  N.-Y.  with  him  to  show  to  the  editor 
the  warning  article.  The  editor  was  not  in. 
so  a  note  was  left  for  him  with  the  article 
clipped  out  and  pasted  side  bv  side  with  the 
deceptive  advertisement  from  the  daily  pa¬ 
per.  The  following  morning  the  gentleman 
was  pleased  to  receive  the  following :  "Dear 
Sir — IVe  are  indeed  very  grateful  to  you  for 
your  clipping  from  ‘The  Rural  New-Yorker.' 
This  advertisement  was  immediately  discon¬ 
tinued  and  we  shall  see  that  no  further  in¬ 
sertions  are  given.” 

Cuts  Hay  to  Save  Deer.— With  the 
open  hunting  season  but  half  over,  and  with 
a  death  list  up  to  date  of  half  a  dozen  men 
mistakenly  shot  for  deer,  and  with  a  lively 
remembrance  of  girdled  trees  and  young  ap¬ 
ple  orchards  destroyed  by  deer,  and  with 
never  a  taste  of  venison  to  console  him  many 
a  farmer  will  smile  grimly  to  learn  that 
the  Couservation  Commission  during  the 
months  of  July  and  August  caused  the 
swamp  grass  to  be  cut  in  manv  sections  of 
the  Adirondack's  and  Catskills,  and  cocked  on 
small  cribs  above  the  snow  level,  so  that  the 
deer  may  feed  upon  the  marsh  hay  after  his 
natural  food  is  exhausted.  By  salting  the 
grass  that  has  been  cut  the  deer  will  eat 
it  readily.  If  this  year’s  experiment  proves 
successful,  large  quantities  of  the  marsh  hay 
will  be  out  next  year. 

Constitutional  Amendments.  —  Next 
election  day  the  people  of  this  State  will  be 
called  upon  to  vote  on  no  less  than  seven 
proposed  amendments  to  the  constitution  of 
the  State.  The  amendment  which  comes 
closest  to  the  average  voter  is  that  which 
proposes  to  increase  the  salaries  of  the  State 
Senators  from  $1,500  to  $3,500  per  annum. 
2o™of  the  Assemblyman  from  $1,500  to 
$3,000  per  annum,  and  also  allowing  both 
classes  of  representatives  increased  mileage 
to  and  from  their  homes.  Many  expressions 
of  opinion  are  heard  and  some  harsh  criti¬ 
cism  of  the  proposed  increase.  The  last  ses¬ 
sion  was.  of  eourse.  unusually  long,  and  it 
is  no  secret  that  some  members  were  stone 
broke  before  they  finally  got  away,  but  as 
the  average  session  is  but  about  100  davs 
many  boBeve  that  the  present  salarv  of 
about  $lo  is  sufficient  for  the  class  sent 
here.  A  quarter  of  a  century  ago  the  salary 
of  a  legislator  was  $3  per  day.  j. 


There  is  an  error  regarding  that  long 
string  of  cattle,  on  page  727.  Mr.  Cav¬ 
anaugh  had  only  21  yoke  and  traveled  hut 
10  miles.  The  longest  string  at  the  fair 
was  29  yoke,  from  the  Pcnfiold  II111  dis¬ 
trict.  by  Wm.  Farrell,  Geo.  Dunham,  Frank 
Payne  and  others.  g  k  p 

Portland,  Conn. 


Growing  Mangels. — Why  don’t  farmers 
raise  more  mangels?  I  will  answer  that  by 
saying  I  think  it  Is  on  account  of  the  knee 
and  hand  work  in  getting-  them  started  I 
do  away  with  most  of  that  by  sowing  a 
few  rows  thickly  and  about  the  first  of 
July  transplant  eight  or  10  inches  apart  to 
a  fresh-plowed  piece  of  land.  This  does 
away  with  tbe  thinning  of  plants,  and  a 
good  share  of  the  weeding.  I  raised  last 
year  between  400  and  500  bushels  on  a 
very  small  piece  of  land.  Two  boys  and  a 
man  can  transplant  quite  a  number  of  thou¬ 
sand  in  a  day.  In  my  opinion  there  is 
nothing  like  them  to  keep  cows  in  good 
order  through  the  Winter.  J.  h  b 

Pulaski,  N.  Y. 


LET  US  TAN 
YOUR  HIDE. 

Cattle  or  Horse  hide.  Calf,  Dog,  Doer, 
or  any  kind  of  skin  with  hair  or  fur  on. 
We  make  them  soft,  light,  odorless, 
wind,  moth  and  water  proof,  and  make 
them  into  eoats  (for  men  or  women), 
robes,  rugs  or  gloves  when  so  ordered. 

Your  fur  goods  will  cost  you  less  than 
to  buy  them,  and  be  worth  more.  Send 
three  or  more  cow  or  horse  hides  in  one 
shipment  from  anywhere  east  of  Den¬ 
ver  and  we  pay  the  freight  both  ways. 

Get  our  illustrated  catalog  whieii 

gives  prices  of  tanning,  taxidermy  and 
ead  mounting.  Also  prices  of  fur 
goods,  and  big  mounted  game  heads 
we  sell. 

The  Crosby  Frisian  Fur  Company, 

571  Lycll  Ave.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


FUR  SHIFTERS! 

What’s  the  use  of  guessing  at  the  value  of 
your  furs  during  the  season  of  1911-1012 
when  all  that’s  required  to  find  out  their 
real  value  is  to  hook  on  one  of  my 

LIHLE  RED  TAGS  and  say  HOLD  SEPARATE 
Send  me  your  name  and  address  NOW  so 
you  will  be  sure  to  get  reliable  informatiou 
when  the  season  opens  and  get  it  often. 

"WW*  JAS.  P.  ELLIS 

TRAPPING  PAYS  BIG 

if  you  know  the  inside  secrets  of  the 
business.  Fur  News  Magazine,  pub. 
fished  monthly,  $1  a  year,  tells  all  about 
trapping,  hunting,  raw  furs,  hunting  dogs,  gnus,  traps, 
camps  and  all  pursuits  for  profit  in  the  woods  and  fields 
Good  stories,  too.  Special  Offer.  Send  25c.  for  3  months' 
trial  and  get  free  valuable  frt-pnge  Trappers  Guid< 
Fur  News  Pub.  Co.,  46  W.  24th  St.,  New  York,  Room  620 


More  than  half  your  poultry  troubles  are  caused 
by  not  properly  protecting  their  drinking  water 
from  the  contamination  of  the  chickens  them¬ 
selves.  You  can  end  all  your  water  troubles  by 
equipping  your  poultry  yards  with 


ivloes  lop-riil 
Drinking  Fountain 

It  always  supplies  just  enough  pure  water— 
won’t  slop  over — dead  air  space  keeps  water  COOL 
IN  SUMMER,  WARM  IN  WINTER.  Simple  in 
construction — just  remove  cover  and  till  from  top- 
water  ceases  to  flow  when  cover  is  removed — nc 
valves  to  get  out  of  order.  One  gallon  capacity. 

If  not  at  your  dealers,  sent  direct  on  receipt  ol 
price,  $1.25,  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

I  OTIS  &  MOE,  185  W.  Madison  St.,  Chicago 


Climax  Carrier. 

Feed,  Ensilage,  Litter. 

A  stable  help  that  saves  labor.  Brings  feed  from 
silo  or  bin  to  manger,  carries  manure  from  ail 
stablings  to  same  pile  or  dumps  on  wagon.  Easy 
lift,  light  running,  positive  dump.  Made  of  steel. 
Straight  or  curved  tracks  to  run  anywhere  and  suit 
any  stable  plan.  Write  for  descriptive  circular. 

Warsaw-Wiikinson  Co., 

50  Highland  Ave.,  Warsaw.  N.  Y. 


EXCELSIOR  SWING  STANCHION 


Warranted  The  Best.  30  Days’  Trial 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  when  open 
Noiseless  Simple  Sanitary  Durable 

The  Wasson  Stanchion  Co., 
Box  60,  Cuba,  N.  Y. 


SKUNK 


Webuy  Skunk,  Mink, Musk 
rat  and  all  other  raw  furs  at 
highest  market  prices,  ana 
give  liberal  assortments  and 
“A  square  deal”  to  everyone. 

_  Price-list  free. 

M.  J.  Jewett  «fc  Sons,  Redwood,  hi.  Y„  Hept.  29 


AGENTS 


SOMETHING 
NEW 

THOMAS  ROPE  MAKER 

Makes  any  length  or  thickness  of  rope 
out  of  binder  twine,  wool  twine  or  any 
kind  of  waste  twine.  Twice  as  strong 
as  factory  made  rope.  Any  one  can 
do  it.  Saves  80  to  90  por  cent. 
Agents  coining  big  money.  Sells 
like  wild  fire.  No  argument  neces¬ 
sary.  Just  show  ana  your  sale  is 
made.  Big  profits.  We  want  good 
agents  In  every  county.  Write  for 
terms  and  free  sample  to  workers. 

THOMAS  MFG.  CO. 
2465  Barny  St.,  DAYTON,  OHIO 


MINERAL 
HEAVE 
REMEDY 


NEGLECT 
Will  Ruin\ 

Your  Horse 

Send  today  for  \  M  S  3  PACKAGE 
only  VJjf  will  cure  any  case  or 

PERMANEN  T  VI  money  "funded. 

P  II  n  r  h  51  PACKAGE 

Si  II  n  r  I  cures  ordinary  cases.  _  UK/\ 

U  ||  L  (  4  Postpaid  on  receipt  of  price. 

„  .  Ag.nta  Wanted 

SAFE  Write  for  descriptive 

CERTAIN  *  booklet 

Mineral  Heave  Remedy  Co.,461  Fourth  Avenue, PittsLurg.Pa. 


El 

S 

3 

INE 

Removes  Jtiursal  Enlarge 
Thickenod,  Swollen  Tissues, 
Curbs,  Filled  Tendons,  Soreness 
from  any  Bruise  or  Strain;  Cures 
Spavin  Lameness,  Allays  Fain. 
Does  not  Blister,  remove  the  hair 
_  . — i—  or  lay  up  the  horse.  *2.00  a 

After  bottle,  delivered.  Book  1  E  free. 
ABSORBINE,  JK.,  liniment  for  mankind.  For 
Synovitis,  Strains,  Gouty  or  Rheumatic  Deposits, 
Swollen,  Painful  Varicose  Veins.  Allays  Fain. 
Will  tell  you  more  if  you  write.  SI  and  $2  per  bottle 
at  dealers  or  delivered.  Manufactured  only  by 
W.F.YOUNG, P.D.F.  88  rempleSt.,Springfield, Maw. 


rDIIMP'C  IMPROVED 
UWUmp  O  WARRINER 

STANCHION 


Prof.  F.  G.  Helyar  of 
Mt.  Herman  School,  Mt. 
Herman,  Mass.,  writes: 

“  We  could  not  get  along 

without  Warriner  Stanch¬ 
ions.” 

Send  address  for  book¬ 
let  of  information  to 

SYALLACE  U.  CRUMB,  BoxMl,  Forestvllle,  CouSL 


1 


s 


LOUDEN  WAY 


14 


Louden  Tools  put  farming  on  a  scientific  basi9  j 

and  make  it  a  business  of  certainties.  They  stop  waste— 
j  of  time,  labor  and  the  fertilizing  value  of  stable  manure. 
They  increase  the  output  of  your  herds  and  your  acres. 

[Louden’s  Sanitary  Steel  Stanchions  are  flexi- 1 

^ble,  chain-hung,  tubular  steel.  All  their  important  features  I 
^are  patented  and  can  be  had  on  no  others — LOUDEN’S/ 
4  are  leaders  for  all  time. 


if 


■?> 


They  allow  the  cow  perfect^ 

freedom  of  movement  and  comfort,  either  standing  or  lying  down.  No  corners  or  crevices;  easy  to  keep  clean.  | 
May  be  hung  on  homemade  wooden  frames  when  desired. 

LOUDEN’S  SANITARY  STEEL  STALLS  make  every  part  of  the  dairy  barn  light.  airy| 
and  fresh — increase  the  cows  contentment  and  flow  of  milk,  and  decrease  the  danger  of  disease. 

Let  us  tell  you  all  about  Louden  Feed  and  Litter  Carriers,  Bay  Tools,  Bird  Proof  Barn  Door  Bangers  and  | 
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LOUDEN  MACHINERY  CO.,  -  -  601  BROADWAY,  FAIRFIELD,  iOWA. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


1061 


When  to  Prune  a  Peach  Tree. 

C.  L.  S.,  New  York. — When  is  the  proper 
time  to  cut  the  suckers  from  peach  trees? 
I  can  get  no  two  persons  to  agree.  I  have 
a  couple  of  trees  with  considerable  fruit 
this  year  and  the  immense  growth  of  suck¬ 
ers  seemed  to  retard  the  development  of  the 
fruit. 

Ans. — It  is  a  fact  that  one  can  sel¬ 
dom  find  any  two  orchardists  agreeing 
exactly  about  any  part  of  the  training, 
pruning,  cultivating,  planting  or  fer¬ 
tilizing  of  an  orchard.  One  large  and 
successful  orchardist  has  quit  pruning 
his  apple  trees  altogether,  and  he  grows 
good  crops  and  fine  fruit.  Another  or¬ 
chardist  carefully  trims  every  tree,  and 
he  grows  good  crops  and  fine  fruit. 
Each  gave  his  methods  and  experience 
at  a  horticultural  meeting.  It  brought 
out  a  question  from  another  orchardist : 
“Which  is  right?  Both  of  these  men 
are  good  growers  and  we  are  at  a  loss 
to  know  which  method  is  right.”  There 
is  but  one  answer  to  this  whole  sub¬ 
ject,  and  that  is  to  use  good  common 
sense  about  when  to  use  the  saw  and 
knife  and  when  to  leave  it  alone. 

I  would  train  a  tree  from  the  start — 
by  cutting  out  all  branches  that  were 
inclined  to  cross  other  branches,  and 
keep  all  water  sprouts  or  suckers  cut 
out  during  the  Summer,  as  they  draw 
heavily  on  the  life  of  a  tree,  taking 
from  the  fruiting  branches  the  nourish¬ 
ment  that  should  go  to  make  up  the 
fruiting  wood.  The  peach  tree  is  very 
apt  to  send  up  one  strong  shoot  the 
first  year,  and  leave  the  other  parts  that 
ought  to  have  an  equal  share  of  nour¬ 
ishment  (to  make  an  even  balanced 
tree)  without  nourishment,  the  result 
of  which  is  a  lop-sided  tree.  By  keep¬ 
ing  the  fast-growing  shoot  pinched  back 
it  will  retard  its  upward  growth,  and 
assist  the  other  two  or  three  branches 
to  keep  up  with  it,  or  in  case  they  do 
not  respond  by  growing  and  making  a 
balanced  tree,  the  strong  growing 
branch  will  send  out  strong  laterals  of 
its  own  when  retarded  from  its  upward 
growth,  and  thus  make  the  tree  of  even 
proportions  itself.  The  after  care  of  the 
tree  should  be  along  the  same  line. 
Some  varieties  of  peach  and  other  fruit 
trees  are  inclined  to  a  straight,  slender, 
upward  growth.  All  such  trees  should 
be  pinched  back  during  the  month  of 
June,  when  the  tips  of  the  shoots  are 
growing  and  tender.  The  pinching  back 
can  be  easily  done  with  a  light  pair  of 
shears  or  with  a  strong  thumb  nail. 
The  growth  upward  is  at  once  retarded 
and  the  side  branches  are  encouraged 
to  grow,  and  fruit  buds  are  formed 
on  the  first  notice  of  a  check  in  the 
growth  of  the  tree ;  suckers  start  out 
from  the  branches,  new  buds  are  formed 
and  a  general  change  is  made  in  the 
growth  and  form  of  the  tree.  The  suck¬ 
ers  or  water  sprouts  should  be  removed 
when  two  or  three  inches  of  growth  has 
been  made  by  them,  as  they  are  then 
tender  and  can  be  easily  rubbed  off 
with  the  hand,  but  if  left  there  they 
should  be  cut  off  when  the  Winter 
pruning  is  done. 

In  the  case  of  C.  L.  S.,  when  the 
trees  are  in  fruit,  if  the  suckers  are  of 
the  present  season’s  growth,  he  should 
remove  them  at  once  by  cutting  them 
off  close  to  the  limb  with  a  sharp  knife, 
but  cut  out  now  only  enough  to  let  air 
and  sunshine  into  the  tree  to  ripen  the 
fruit  and  relieve  the  roots  from  being 
over-taxed  by  having  to  supply  more 
nourishment  than  they  are  able  to  do 
for  the  surplus  foliage  of  the  robber 
suckers.  If  a  general  onslaught  is  made 
at  this  time  the  consequence  will  be  a 
sudden  stoppage  in  the  growth  of  the 
tree  and  especially  growth  of  the  fruit, 
while  the  root  system  is  endeavoring  to 
make  repairs  in  the  sudden  checking  of 
the  top  growth.  This  may  not  be  ac¬ 
complished  in  time  to  bring  out  this 
season’s  crop  of  fruit  and  tree  growth. 
Next  Winter  remove  all  surplus  suck¬ 
ers,  prune  the  whole  tree  to  an  even 
balanced  and  well  proportioned  top 
and  body.  The  following  June  take  off 
the  suckers  when  they  are  young  and 
tender  enough  to  be  rubbed  off  with 
the  hand.  Let  the  growth  be  outward 
and  keep  the  inside  of  a  tree  open  so 
as  to  allow  free  air  drainage  and  plenty 
of  sunlight.  Insects  and  fungus  thrive 
in  the  dark  and  damp  places  just  as  all 
evil  exists  under  the  cover  of  darkness 
and  secrecy.  Suckers  are  parasites  and 
live  and  thrive  at  the  expense  of  the 
main  body — whether  of  society,  animal 


or  vegetable  life.  The  only  way  to 
care  and  keep  clear  of  these  pests  and 
death  drains  is  to  prune  with  a  sharp 
knife  or  saw  for  tools  and  a  strong 
fund  of  common  sense  for  a  guide  to 
let  in  the  sunlight  and  give  free  air 
drainage.  The  best  time  is  when  the 
limbs  are  small  and  a  knife  the  largest 
tool  necessary.  The  best  season  is  Feb¬ 
ruary  or  March,  when  trees  are  dor¬ 
mant,  and  the  month  of  June,  when 
trees  are  growing,  and  moderate  prun¬ 
ing  if  urgent  at  any  time  when  we  feel 
it  must  be  done.  E.  s.  black. 


Evidence  for  Spraying. 

We  have  a  small  apple  tree  by  the  house 
that  is  always  full,  but  has  been  noted  by 
all  to  have  nearly  all  stung  or  wormy 
apples.  Just  why  I  cannot  say.  It  is  in 
the  henyard  and  none  of  the  apples  are 
left  under  the  tree  very  late.  I  think  I 
have  had  from  two  to  four  baskets  of  sound 
apples  each  year  in  all  r  perhaps  less. 
Nearly  all  the  rest  drop.  Last  Spring  one 
night  I  took  my  hand  pump  and  a  pailful 
of  arsenate  of  lead  mixture  and  sprayed  it 
as  well  as  I  could  in  the  dusk  of  the  even¬ 
ing.  The  top  limb  was  beyond  the  force  of 
the  spray,  but  received  some  poison.  The 
results?  I  have  picked  19  baskets  in  all. 
15  of  them  sound,  marketable  apples ;  per¬ 
haps  not  all  “perfect”  apples.  Four  baskets 
I  picked  out  as  stung  and  small.  I  sold 
two  baskets  of  drops,  and  there  were  about 
four  others,  mostly  premature  fruit,  that 
was  forced  off  by  crowding  that  dropped, 
early.  Did  it  pay?  A  number  of  other 
small  fruit  trees  were  sprayed  at  the  same 
time.  A  small  Bartlett  tree  about  six  feet 
high  gave  me  about  one-eighth  of  a  bushel 
fine  pears,  all  perfect  but  four.  The  results 
on  the  rest  were  in  like  proportion,  accord¬ 
ing  to  age  and  amount  of  sets.  I  guess  we 
will  have  to  cut  down  farming  in  this  sec¬ 
tion.  No  help  seems  to  be  had,  even  for 
money,  at  certain  rush  seasons 

Morris  Co.,  N.  J.  Walter  garabrant. 


Fighting  the  Bean  Weevil. 

What  about  the  bean  weevil?  What  can 
be  done,  if  anything,  to  prevent  it?  Does  it 
originate  from  eggs  laid  in  the  blossom,  or 
do  they  penetrate  the  beans  after  ripening? 

West  Woodstock,  Conn.  h.  m.  b. 

The  parent  of  the  bean-weevil  is  a  very 
small  beetle,  stout'  and  rounded  in  shape, 
in  color  ashen  gray  marked  with  white. 
You  will  often  find  these  little  beetles  in 
stored  beans  or  peas.  The  insects  lay  their 
eggs  in  the  young  pods  of  the  plants  at¬ 
tacked.  when  hatched  the  larvae  work  their 
way  into  the  forming  seed,  growing  very 
slowly.  The  only  Vnethod  of  controlling  the 
insect  is  in  the  stored  seed ;  both  beetles 
and  larvae  are  destroyed  by  the  use  of 
bisulphide  of  carbon,  in  a  tight  receptacle. 
People  often  think  that  they  may  prevent 
damage  by  storing  the  beans  in  closed  re¬ 
ceptacles  as  soon  as  harvested,  but  the 
futility  of  this  is  understood  when  we  re¬ 
member  that  the  larvae  are  already  in  the 
seeds.  As  a  preventive  measure  gather  the 
entire  crop,  and  allow  nothing  to  remain  in 
the  field  :  plant  sound  seed  only,  and  never 
throw  away  any  weevil.v  peas  or  beans; 
always  burn  them,  or  boil  and  use  for  stock 
feed.  To  use  the  bisulphide  of  carbon,  put 
the  beans  or  other  infested  seed  in  a  tight 
receptacle,  and  count  on  one  drachm  for  each 
cubic  foot  of  space.  A  drachm  may  be 
roughly  measured  as  a  teaspoonful.  ‘  Tut 
in  an  open  vessel  on  top  of  the  seed,  as 
the  vapor  is  heavier  than  air.  and  will  sink 
all  through  :  close  up  tightly  and  leave  for 
several  hours.  This  is  the  proper  treat¬ 
ment  for  destroying  weevils  in  grain.  As  we 
have  often  stated  before,  the  carbon  bisul¬ 
phide  is  extremely  explosive  and  inflamma¬ 
ble;  a  lighted  pipe,  light  of  any  kind,  or 
even  a  spark  is  very  dangerous,  but  there 
is  no  risk  if  proper  care  is  taken. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Tiie 
N.-Y. .and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

SHIFT 

If  Your  Food  Fails  to  Sustain  You, 
Change. 


One  sort  of  diet  may  make  a  person 
despondent,  depressed  and  blue  and  a 
change  to  the  kind  of  food  the  body  de¬ 
mands  will  change  the  whole  thing. 

A  young  woman  from  Phila.  says: 

“For  several  years  I  kept  in  a  run¬ 
down,  miserable  sort  of  condition,  was 
depressed  and  apprehensive  of  trouble.  I 
lost  flesh  in  a  distressing  way  and 
seemed  in  a  perpetual  sort  of  dreamy 
nightmare.  No  one  serious  disease 
showed,  but  the  'all-over’  sickness  was 
enough. 

“Finally,  between  the  doctor  and  father, 
I  was  put  on  Grape-Nuts  and  cream,  as  it 
was  decided  I  must  have  nourishing  food 
that  the  body  could  make  use  of. 

“The  wonderful  change  that  came  over 
me  was  not,  like  Jonah’s  gourd,  the 
growth  of  a  single  night,  and  yet  it  came 
with  a  rapidity  that  astonished  me. 

“During  the  first  week  I  gained  in 
weight,  my  spirits  improved,  and  the 
world  began  to  look  brighter  and  more 
worth  while. 

“And  this  has  continued  steadily,  till 
now,  after  the  use  of  Grape-Nuts  for 
onlv  a  few  weeks,  I  am  perfectly  well, 
feel  splendidly,  take  a  lively  interest  in 
everything,  and  am  a  changed  person  in 
every  way.”  Name  given  by  Postum 
Co.,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

Read  the  little  book.  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs.  “There’s  a  reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


B— BBH— 


LOOK  OUT! 

Someone  Else  Will  Be  Ahead  of  You 

Those  who  are  first  in  starting  a  new 
business  have  the  lead  on  the  imita¬ 
tors.  Here  is  a  business  which  has 
brought  many  $15.00  to  $18.00  a  day  on 
a  small  initial  expense.  It  will  do  the  same 
for  you.  The  work  is  always  to  your  liking, 
and  you  can  build  up  a  substantial,  honest 
business  in  your  own  community. 

Digging  ditches  for  drainage  is  done  today 
by  machine  at  a  fraction  of  the  cost  of  the 
tedious  pickax  and  shovel  method.  They 
are  demanded  by  every  farmer.  Why  ? 

( 1 )  Because  they  are  within  the  reach  of  every 
pocketbook. 

(2)  Because  they  are  truer  and  always  of  perfect 
grade. 

(3)  Because  the  work  is  quickly  done. 

(4)  Because  there  is  no  gang  of  men  to  board  for 
weeks  at  a  time. 

Here  is  the  demand.  You  can  fill  it.  The 
first  cost  of  a  Buckeye  Traction  Ditcher 
is  small  when  you  consider  the  money  you 
can  make  from  its  operation.  A  Buckeye 
will  dig  1 00  to  1 50  rods  a  day.  No  ground 
too  hard  or  stony.  Requires  only  one  man 
and  a  boy  to  operate.  No  technical  knowl¬ 
edge  needed. 

Sit  down  and  write  for  Catalog  No.  3 

The  Buckeye  Traction  Ditcher  Co., 
Findlay,  Ohio. 


GOOD  SALARY  NOW.  Prospects  Splendid. 

For  capable,  industrious  man  to  superintend 
labor,  large  American  Plantation  growing  Citrus 
Fruits  and  Pineapples,  in  San  Juan,  Puerto  Rico. 
Apply  BUHL-MILLS  OO.,  132  Front  St.,  New  York. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
.“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


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F  ire-proof — W  eather-proof — Acid-proof 

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1062 


THE  RURAL  NBW'1ukj^.c,ix 


October  28, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 

“Two  strikes,  three  balls !” 

A  silence  so  intense  that  you  could  feel 
it  fell  upon  60,000  people  who  saw  the 
umpire  put  up  his  hand  to  announce  the  sec¬ 
ond  strike.  It  was  the  crisis  of  the  first 
baseball  game  for  the  world’s  championship 
between  New  York  and  Philadelphia.  The 
great  stands  were  black  with  people,  and 
thousands  more  were  perched  upon  the 
rocks  which  rose  above  the  level  in  which 
the  ball  grounds  are  laid  out.  The  boy 
and  I  sat  on  the  bleachers.  It  was  the 
only  place  we  could  get,  and  we  sat  there 
three  hours  before  the  game  began — and 
we  were  among  the  last  to  get  in.  Of 
course  you  will  say  we  should  have  been 
at  home  picking  apples — but  without  dis¬ 
cussing  that  I  will  admit  that  we  were 
packed  away  in  that  “bleacher”  crowd. 

There  were  some  25,000  of  us  crowded  on 
those  wooden  benches  with  our  feet  hanging 
down.  Here  and  there  in  this  black  mass 
of  hats  a  spot  of  lighter  color  showed  where 
some  woman  had  crowded  in  with  the  rest. 
There  may  have  been  100  women  in  this 
crowd.  The  “stands”  where  the  reserved 
seats  are  placed  were  bright  with  women's 
gay  colors.  Our  seats  were  not  reserved* 
but  well  “deserved”  after  our  struggle  for 
them. 

I  enjoyed  the  crowd  as  much  as  I  did  the 
game.  Many  of  you  have  no  doubt  read 
that  description  in  “Ben  Hur”  of  the  motley 
crowd  which  surged  out  to  the  crucifixion. 
Oibbon  describes  the  masses  of  humans  who 
attended  the  Roman  games.  The  world  as 
known  at  that  time  gathered  at  these  spec¬ 
tacles,  yet  I  doubt  if  those  old-time  hordes 
could  show  the  variety  of  blood  or  color 
which  showed  within  1,000  feet  of  where 
we  were.  Within  four  feet  sat  two  colored 
men  showing  traces  of  two  distinct 
African  races.  The  young  man  on  my  right 
was  certainly  an  Irishman.  The  fat  man, 
who  was  wide  enough  to  fill  two  seats  was 
a  German.  In  front  an  Italian,  behind  a 
Swede,  off  there  a  Frenchman,  a  Spaniard 
and  even  a  Chinaman.  There  was  an  Arab 
whose  father  ate  dates  in  the  desert.  The 
son  had  looked  forward  to  this  date  as  an 
oasis  in  the  desert  of  hard  work.  Here 
were  Indians,  Japanese,  Mexicans,  Russians, 
Turks — the  entire  world  had  poured  the 
blood  of  its  races  into  this  vast  crowd.  I 
do  not  believe  the  great  Coliseum  at  Rome 
ever  held  a  larger  company.  Yet  this  crowd 
was  different.  In  the  savage  hordes  of 
centuries  ago  the  air  was  filled  with  a 
babel  of  sound — each  race  shrieking  in  its 
own  language.  This  vast  army  of  “fans” 
thought  and  spoke  in  the  common  languages 
of  English  and  baseball.  For  there  is  a 
true  language  of  baseball.  Nothing  can  be 
popular  unless  it  acquires  a  language  of  its 
own.  It  was  an  orderly  crowd  too.  Some¬ 
how  these  waiting  men  seemed  to  feel  that 
they  had  come  to  the  hush  and  dignity  of 
a  great  occasion.  lTou  may  laugh  at  us — 
you  poor  unfortunate  people  who  do  not 
1  now  a  home  run  from  a  flv  catch,  but  you 
have  missed  a  lot  of  the  thrill  and  joy  of 
life.  We  feel  sorry  for  you.  To  the  true 
baseball  crank  this  game  represented  the 
climax  of  the  year,  for  here  were  the  best  18 
players  in  the  world  ready  for  the  supreme 
struggle.  So  these  thousands  sat  silent  and 
watchful,  for  as  you  may  know  when  stirred 
by  passion  60.000  people  may  give  vent  to 
the  most  hideous  and  awesome  sound.  Yet 
when  stilled  by  the  thought  of  what  is  to 
come  the  silence  of  this  great  army  is  most 
profound.  Now,  of  course  you  and  I  may 
K^y  what  a  pity  that  all  these  people  and 
the  energy  and  money  they  represent  could 
not  be  used  for  some  more  useful  purpose. 

I  could  name  half  a  dozen  things  which 
this  country  needs.  If  it  were  possible  to 
gather  6(1,000  people  in  behalf  of  any  of 
these  things  with  the  claws  of  elemental 
savagery  barely  covered  with  thin  cotton 
gloves  no  legislature  in  the  land  would  dare 
refuse  the  demanded  law.  That  is  true,  but 
it  is  also  true  that  human  nature  has  not 
yet  evolved  from  the  point  where  at  the  last 
analysis  the  physical  power  and  what  it 
stands  for  appeals  first  to  the  young  and 
strong.  You  cannot  get  away  from  that, 
and  it  must  be  considered  in  all  our  regrets 
about  the  “younger  generation.”  We  can 
have  anything  we  want  in  legislation  and 
reform  whenever  we  can  work  up  a  spirit 
and  <^mand  for  5t  which  is  akin  to  this 
baseball  feeling !  For  in  this  silent,  or¬ 
derly  crowd  there  was  nothing  but  cotton 
over  the  claws.  There  was  a  dignified  look¬ 
ing  citizen  not  far  from  us  who  looked  like 
a  fair  representative  of  the  “City  of  Brother¬ 
ly  Love.  T  ou  would  pick  him  as  one  of  a 
thousand  to  take  charge  of  a  Sunday  school. 

wj?en  a  Philadelphia  player  raced  home 
uitn  the  first  run  there  came  a  hoarse  cry 
even  have  startled  a  listless  Caesar 
®  yoars  ago.  There  was  our  Philadel- 
pnia  friend  on  one  foot  waving  his  hat  and 
shrieking  defiance  and  taunts  at  the  crowd 
of  New  York  “fans.”  Why,  the  germ  of 
that  man  s  mind  was  back  in  the  centuries, 
<lad  in  hairy  flesh  and  skins  shouting  a  war 

CIZ  *TWhat  were  thpn  its  enemies !  And 
when  New  York  tied  the  score  the  entire 
bleachers  seemed  to  rise  like  a  great  black 
wave  of  humanity  with  shrieks  and  cries 
and  waving  hats.  For  the  moment  these 
were  hardly  human  beings — as  we  like  to 
consider  the  race.  They  were  crazy  barbar¬ 
ians  lapsed  for  the  moment  back  to  clcmen- 
tal  motives.  And  as  I  came  back  to  find 
myself  standing  up  with  the  rest  I  was  not 
sure  but  that  the  brief  trip  back  to  barbar- 
isni  had  not  after  all  been  a  profitable  one  ! 

Hut  we  left  the  umpire  standing  with  his 
hand  up  calling  two  strikes !  It  was  the 
firth  inning,  and  the  score  one  to  one.  There 
were  two  out  and  New  York  had  worked  a 
man  around  to  third  base.  One  more 
pitched  ball  would  tell  the  story.  Consider 
the  mix-up  of  the  races  in  this  “American 
game.  The  man  on  third  base  straining 
like  a  greyhound  to  get  home  was  an  Indian 
The  man  at  bat  was  of  French  blood,  while 
the  next  batter  was  an  Irishman  with  a 
•Tew  close  behind  him.  The  catcher  was  an 
Englishman  and  the  pitcher  a  pure  Indian,  j 
This  Indian  stood  there  like  a  silent  repre-  j 


sentative  of  fate  with  the  ball  in  his  hand 
eyeing  that  Frenchman,  who  shook  his  bat 
defiantly.  I  presume  neither  of  them 
thought  for  the  instant  how  200  years  ago 
it  would  have  been  tomahawk  against  mus¬ 
ket  in  place  of  ball  and  bat.  Yet  the  race 
traits  were  evident — the  light  and  airy  nerve 
of  the  Gaul  and  crafty  silence  of  the  red 
man  !  Oh,  how  that  ball  did  go  in.  “Ball  !” 
shouted  the  umpire  and  the  batter  took  his 
base.  Then  it  seemed  as  if  bedlam  had 
broken  loose.  Men  and  women  shouted  and 
cheered  and  laughed  and  cried,  for  they 
thought  that  Indian  was  “rattled”  at  last. 
But  his  ancestors  went  through  too  much 
fire  for  that.  He  stood  in  the  center  as  cool 
as  a  cake  of  ice.  The  play  for  the  man 
on  first  was  to  run  to  second  when  the  ball 
was  pitched,  and  run  he  did.  I  noticed  that 
the  catcher  jumped  six  feet  to  the  right  as 
that  Indian  threw  the  ball.  It  went  like 
lightning  right  into  the  catcher’s  hands. 
The  second  baseman  had  run  up  behind  the 
pitcher  and  took  the  throw  from  the 
catcher.  Of  course  the  runner  on  third  tried 
to  run  in  on  this  throw,  but  back  came 
the  hall  ahead  of  him  and  he  was  out ! 
Then  in  an  instant  the  mighty  crowd  saw 
that  New  York  had  been  ambushed.  It 
was  a  great  trick,  and  played  so  accurately 
and  quickly  and  with  such  daring  that  even 
the  Philadelphia  “fans”  were  mind  paralyzed 
and  forgot  to  cheer.  The  silence  which 
followed  the  Indian  to  the  player’s  bench 
was  the  most  eloquent  tribute  of  the  day. 
And  it  happened,  as  every  “sport”  already 
knows,  that  New  York  finally  won  two  to 
one.  The  needed  runs  were  made  on 
mighty  hits  by  an  Indian  and  an  Irishman 
and  the  great  crowd  filed  out  and  home  to 
talk  it  over.  I  wish  I  could  tell  my  chil¬ 
dren  how  some  Cape  Cod  Yankee  had  a 
hand  in  it.  but  too  many  of  them  are  occu¬ 
pied  in  telling  what  they  or  their  ancestors 
used  to  do.  I  think  the  game  was  in¬ 
vented  and  developed  by  Yankees,  and  that 
they  have  made  most  money  out  of  it. 
Probably  Cape  Cod  is  willing  to  rest  con¬ 
tent  with  this  and  let  the  others  handle 
the  ball.  I  am  ready  to  admit  we  ought 
to  have  been  home  picking  apples,  but  we 
saw  the  game,  and  the  apple  harvest  will 
go  better  to  pay  for  it. 

Farm  Notes. — Our  apple  crop  is  larger 
than  we  figured.  It  takes  an  expert.  I  find, 
to  tell  what  a  tree  will  really  produce.  I 
estimated  one  of  our  Baldwin  trees  at  four 
barrels  and  we  picked  over  seven.  Another 
fell  a  little  below  the  estimate.  As  a  whole 
we  shall  have  one-third  more  than  we  fig¬ 
ured  on.  They  are  being  picked  rapidly 
and  will  evidently  be  off  in  time.  The  Spy 
and  Ben  Davis  will  be  picked  last.  The 
Greenings  are  being  sold  now.  To  my  no¬ 
tion  this  is  one  of  the  best  apples  we  have, 
especially  for  cooking.  A  pie  or  pan  dowdy 
made  of  ripe  Greening  apples  would  even 
make  a  baseball  crank  forget  a  defeat  for 
the  home  team.  Yet  some  of  our  cus¬ 
tomers  have  to  be  “shown”  before  they  will 
take  Greenings.  They  want  red  apples.  I 
never  realized  until  this  year  how  much 
this  color  has  to  do  with  selling  apples. 
It  certainly  is  enough  to  make  a  man 
thoughtful  to  see  intelligent  people  select 
unmatured  Ben  Davis  in  preference  to  ripe 
Greenings  because  the  former  has  some  red 
on  its  cheek !  .  .  .  This  is  about  the 

last  chance  for  advice  about  seeding  rye. 
You  can  still  put  in  the  grain  south  of  New 
York.  It  will  not  make  a  large  growth  this 
Fall,  but  will  come  on  and  do  well  next 
Spring.  This  Is  the  last  chance  to  say 
“Keep  the  soil  covered  with  a  living  crop.” 

As  we  expected,  the  vellow  turnip 
crop  promises  to  be  profitable  this  year. 
When  potatoes  are  scarce  and  high  the  yel¬ 
low  turnip  is  freely  used  as  a  substitute. 
We  sowed  the  seed  after  several  first  crops, 
such  as  strawberries,  peas,  sweet  corn,  etc. 
The  wet  Fall  has  forced  these  turnips  along 
until  the  crop  will  rank  above  the  average. 
Rye  can  be  seeded  among  the  turnips  now 
to  cover  the  ground  in  November.  Do  not 
make  the  mistake  of  supposing  that  be¬ 
cause  the  frost  kills  all  vegetation  in  No¬ 
vember  there  is  no  loss  from  the  ground. 
It  is  one  of  the  most  dangerous  months 
for  losing  nitrates  out  of  the  soil.  These 
nitrates  accumulate  through  late  Summer 
and  Fall,  and  November  is  usually  a  wet 
month.  This  means  the  passage  of  much 
water  over  and  through  the  soil.  These 
nitrates  will  be  washed  out  and  carried 
away  as  surely  as  wood  ashes  lose  their 
potash  when  water  is  run  through  the 
“leach.”  Rye,  clover  or  some*  living  crop 
holding  the  soil  through  November  will 
utilize  these  nitrates  and  save  them  for  you. 
This  is  about  the  last  time  we  can  point 
this  out  with  any  hope  that  the  advice 
will  be  in  time. 

I  never  have  known  anything  like  the 
calls  for  farm  help.  They  come  from  every¬ 
where.  Some  are  willing  to  say  “anybody  !” 
while  others  are  more  particular.  One 
woman  farmer  wants  a  young  man  who  will 
work  faithfully  all  day  and  then  prefer  to 
stay  at  home  and  read  hooks  and  papers 
rather,  than  go  to  the  cider  mill  or  store ! 
Another  man  has  just  bought  a  large  farm. 
He  wants  “a  cleanly  couple,  preferably 
one  without  children,  and  positively  no 
children  under  12  and  positively  no  daugh¬ 
ters.”  If  any  one  knows  where  such  para¬ 
gons  are  to  be  found  let  him  step  forward. 
Most  of  us  are  obliged  to  take  about  what 
comes  along.  Still,  it  is  business  to  state 
just  what  we  want  and  look  for  it.  One 
thing  is  sure,  the  “help”  question  is  any¬ 
thing  but  helpful.  h.  w.  C. 


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Turn  your  wood  lot  into  lumber 
with  an “  American ”  Saw  Mill. 
What  you  don’t  need  yourself 
sell  at  present  high  prices.  Cut 
your  neighbor’s  trees.  Keepyour 
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“No  Hunting” 
Signs  FREE 


I  want  to  send  every  Farmer 
reader  of  this  paper  enough 
fine,  large,  “No  Hunting” 
signs  to  cover  his  whole  farm 

All  I  ask  in  return  for  this 
favor  is  your  name,  address 
and  the  number  and  kind 
of  farm  gates  you  are  now 
using.  Then  I  want  to 
send  you  my  Special  Money 
Saving  1912  Proposition  on 

Iowa  Farm  Gates 


You  will  be  under  no  obligation  to  me,  re¬ 
member,  by  accepting  the  Free  "No  Hunting” 
Signs.  I  want  you  to  have  them,  anyway. 
Later,  I  want  a  chance  to  convince  you — as  I 
have  thousands  of  farmers— that  I  can  save 
you  £50  to  £250 — at  least  £10  on  every  gate  you 
buy  from  me.  I  can  do  it  all  right ! 

But  don’t  bother  about  that  right  now — 
just  send  for  your  signs  and  tell  me  how 
many  and  what  kind  of  gates  (wood  or  metal, 
etc.)  you  now  have  on  your  farm. 

As  I  have  only  10,000  of  these  signs,  it 
might  be  a  good  thing  to  let  me  hear  from 
you  right  away.  I  don’t  want  to  disappoint 
any  of  my  Farmer  Friends,  if  I  can  help  it. 
Address  me  personally — 

JOSEPH  B.  CLAY.  Manager 

Iowa  Gate  Co.,  45  Maine  St.,  Cedar  Falls, 


>^Setr-RA151NG  GATES 

|  The  gate  should  be  the  strongest  part 
”of  an  enclosure,  as  animals  stand 
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PEERLESS  SELF-RAISING  GATE 

you  needn’t  worry  about  their  getting 
through  until  you  open  it. 

Those  big,  extra  heavy  frames,  with 
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the  hardest  usage.  It  is  all  galvanized 
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than  any  other  make,  as  the  Peerless 
Gate  is  the  only  one  that  is  galvanized 

Swings  up  free  and  clear  from  the  ground;  it  never 
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1911. 


THE  RURAIv  NEW-YORKER 


1063 


Ruralisms 


Treatment  of  Montbretias. 

Can  you  give  me  some  points  on  the 
proper  treatment  of  Montbretia  bulbs?  Are 
they  hardy  here,  or  must  they  be  removed 
from  the  ground  late  in  Fall,  as  our  Gladi¬ 
oli  bulbs?  How  should  they  be  treated  dur¬ 
ing  the  long  Winter  rest?  c.  v. 

Ans. — Montbretias,  or  Tritonias  as 
they  are  now  usually  called,  cannot 
safely  be  left  in  the  ground  over  Win¬ 
ter  as  far  north  as  New  York  or  Massa¬ 
chusetts.  The  general  treatment  is  the 
same  as  for  the  Gladiolus,  the  corms 
being  taken  up  in  the  Fall,  but  they  do 

not  always  keep  well  if  dried  out  se¬ 

verely  in  Winter.  They  are  best  carried 
over  in  sand  or  sphagnum  moss  in  a 
cool  cellar,  and  then  started  early  in 

Spring  in  pots  or  boxes  in  the  window. 
They  should  be  planted  out  in  May  in 
deep  rich  soil.  The  sand  or  moss  in 
which  they  are  wintered  should  not  be 
bone  dry,  but  not  by  any  means  wet. 
Sometimes  they  keep  well  if  the  whole 
plant,  tops,  root  and  all,  is  put  in  a 

paper  bag  and  hung  up  in  the  cellar. 
Farther  south  the  roots  may  be  left  in 
the  ground  permanently.  There  are 
magnificent  named  hybrid  Monbretias 
grown  abroad,  originating  in  England, 
France  and  Germany,  where  they  are 
grown  in  great  masses  of  gorgeous  col¬ 
oring.  Their  habit  of  almost  continual 
blooming  makes  them  very  showy  in  the 
garden.  _ 

CULTURE  OF  DAHLIAS. 

In  a  recent  issue  I  notice  that  there 
had  been  more  or  less  discussion  on  the 
subject  of  Dahlias.  Some  of  the  mis¬ 
takes  often  made  by  amateur  growers 
are  planting  either  too  early,  too  shallow 
or  too  many  roots  in  a  hill ;  allowing  the 
cutworms  to  cut  the  first  shoots  off,  or 
placing  too  much  fertilizer  in  the  hill 
at  time  of  planting.  The  worst  enemy 
I  have  had  to  contend  with  this  year 
has  been  the  drought,  combined  with  the 
extreme  heat.  Under  these  circum¬ 
stances  blight  is  liable  to  result.  I  have 
found  that  spraying  the  plant  with  Bor¬ 
deaux  Mixture  and  applying  liquid  ni¬ 
trate  of  soda  around  the  roots  has  been 
an  almost  infallible  remedy  in  such 
cases.  To  those  whose  plants  are  being 
destroyed  by  lice  I  can  recommend  noth¬ 
ing  better  than  whale-oil  soap.  Wood 
ashes  will  also  be  found  to  be  of  great 
value  where  the  chintz-bug  has  started 

his  work  of  devastation.  This  should  be 
applied  early  in  the  morning  when  the 
plant  is  yet  wet  with  dew  Lead  of  zinc, 
one  ounce  to  a  gallon  of  water,  sprayed 
on  the  plant  will  rid  one  of  all  foliage 
devouring  insects.  It  should  be  handled 
with  great  caution,  as  it  is  a  most  deadly 
poison.  Although  I  am  in  the  Dahlia 
business  solely  for  the  purpose  of  rais¬ 
ing  tubers  for  sale,  I  find  that  a  large 
and  varied  display  of  flowers  is  one  of 
the  best  advertisements  a  man  can  have. 

Long  Island.  d.  b.  howell. 

Cabbage  Lice;  Lily  Troubles. 

II.  K.  E.,  Smith'bcrg,  Md. — 1.  I  would 
like  to  know  how  to  kill  cabbage  lice ;  they 
are  Just  killing  my  cabbage.  2.  How  should 
lilies  be  treated  after  they  have  rested? 
Will  garden  soil  do?  Last  Winter  my  lilies 
died  all  along  the  side  of  the  leaves,  and 
the  buds  dried  up ;  they  never  came  open. 
Must  I  keep  water  on  them  all  the  time,  or 
is  it  better  to  have  the  pot  sitting  in  water? 
3.  What  kind  of  soil  is  best  for  geraniums? 

Ans. — 1.  To  get  rid  of  cabbage  lice,  re¬ 
move  all  stumps  or  plant  remnants  left 
in  the  field,  as  the  insects  winter  over  on 
them.  Clean  culture  is  another  aid,  as 
the  lice  flourish  on  such  weeds  as  wild 
mustard  and  shepherd’s  purse.  If  your 
cabbage  is  badly  infested  this  year  there 
is  every  reason  to  clear  up  the  ground 
thoroughly,  in  the  hope  of  lessening  in¬ 
festation  another  year.  Kerosene  emul¬ 
sion,  tobacco,  soapsuds,  or  fumigation 
with  bisulphide  of  carbon  are  among  the 
best  methods  of  destroying  plant  lice, 
but  naturally  the  emulsion  or  tobacco 
water  on  cabbage  must  be  followed  by 
drenching  with  clear  water.  Hot  water 
(not;,  of  course,  hot  enough  to  injure 
the  plant)  is  often  very  efficacious  when 
dashed  over  the  leaves.  While  such  ap¬ 
plications  may  be  used  on  the  home 
garden  without  great  expense,  they 


would  be  a  serious  matter  in  field  cul¬ 
ture  of  cabbage ;  we  do  not  know  how 
extensively  they  are  used.  2.  The  sec¬ 
ond  question  is  too  indefinite  for  satis¬ 
factory  answer,  as  we  do  not  know  what 
lily  is  referred  to.  If  what  are  known  as 
Easter  lilies,  Longiflorum,  or  Harrisii, 
we  doubt  the  success  of  bulbs  which  last 
Winter  showed  diseased  leaves  and 
buds.  It  is  not  considered  worth  while 
to  try  to  force  such  bulbs  a  second  Win¬ 
ter,  and  they  are  usually  thrown  away 
after  flowering,  though  they  may  be 
ripened  in  the  pots  and  then  planted  outo 
in  the  border,  where  they  may  give 
considerable  satisfaction.  The  yellowing 
or  blight  referred  to  may  have  resulted 
from  errors  of  treatment,  instead  of 
disease,  in  which  case  the  bulbs  may 
yet  give  satisfaction  outside,  though  we 
do  not  encourage  their  indoor  culture. 
Water  such  lilies  when  they  need  it, 
but  don’t  set  the  pots  in  water,  and 
don’t  keep  the  soil  sour  and  sodden ; 
“water  on  them  all  the  time”  sounds 
rather  marshy.  If,  on  the  other  hand, 
the  “lilies”  are  Callas,  which  are  not 
really  lilies,  they  will  stand  plenty  of 
water,  and  will  not  object  to  the  pots 
being  set  in  water,  only  this  is  not  nec¬ 
essary  if  they  are  not  allowed  to  dry 
out.  They  like  a  rich  soil  with  plenty  of 
fertility.  The  Easter  lilies  like  light, 
fibrous  soil,  devoid  of  clay.  3.  Gerani¬ 
ums  like  good  garden  soil,  light,  rather 
than  clayey.  _ 

Imperfect  Wagener  Apples. 

F.  II.  E.,  Malden ,  Mass. — Can  you  tell 
me  why  my  Wagener  apples  come  imper¬ 
fect?  Is  it  the  habit  of  this  apple,  or  is 
it  because  of  the  curculio  or  some  other 
insect?  I  have  12  or  15  trees  of  this  vari¬ 
ety,  bearing  this  year  for  the  first  time, 
and  they  all  seem  to  have  this  imperfect 
shape. 

Ans. — The  Wagener  apple  is  natur¬ 
ally  quite  irregular  in  shape,  and  there 
is  no  need  to  be  troubled  about  it.  This 
is  one  qf  the  very  earliest  and  heaviest 
bearers,  and  for  this  reason  the  tree  is 
not  a  strong  grower.  The  apples  are 
of  good  size  and  of  a  red  color  that  is 
usually  quite  attractive  and  the  flavor 
is  good.  The  season  is  from  December 
to  March.  For  a  filler  this  is  a  good 
variety  to  plant,  and  the  fruit  sells 
quite  well.  h.  e.  van  deman. 


o' 


SSSR3 


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m 


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And  Make 

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Trapping-  this  Fall. 

VICTOR 
TRAPS 

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'sure  to  hold.  Every 
genuine  Victor  Trap 
is  pierced  with  a  v  ’ 

your  Dealer 

Insist  on  theV 


SURE  CURE  FOR  SAN  JOSE  SCALE 

CHEAPEST  and  BEST 

Jarvis  Spraying  Compound  has  no  superior.  Buy 
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gallon  of  Jarvis  Spraying  Compound  makes  16  gal- 
lons  of  spray.  Compound  ready  to  mix  with  water. 

Sola  in  bbl.  lots  (50  gal.),30c.  per  gallon.  Refer¬ 
ences — J.  H.  Hale,  the  “Peach  King,”  or  Prof. 
Jarvis  of  the  Conn.  Agricultural  College.  They 
will  tell  you  there  is  nothing  better. 

THE  J.  T.  ROBERTSON  CO.,  Box  W.  MANCHESTER.  CONN 


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You  Are  Dependent  on  the 
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■  t  tt  AVING  satisfied  yourself  to  the  fullest  extent  on  the  various  features  of 
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are  an  expert  mechanic  and  can  compare  the  relative  value  of  workman- 
•  -*•  ship  of  one  motor  car  with  that  of  another.  If,  however  your  mechan¬ 
ical  knowledge  is  limited  and  you  feel  in  doubt,  you  are  absolutely  de¬ 
pendent  on  one  thing:  the  reliability  of  the  factory  building  the  car  and  the 
quality  of  its  guarantee.  The  Abbott-Detroit  is  guaranteed  for  life. 

Few  things  are  more  truly  representative  and  the  composite  product  of  many 
minds  than  a  good  motor  car.  The  Abbott-Detroit  is  constantly  under  the 
watchful  eye  of  our  own  skilled  and  efficient  designing,  manufacturing  and  mer¬ 
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whose  experience  we  always  add  to  our  own  knowledge  for  careful  consider¬ 
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“The  Car  With  a  Pedigree’ 9 


Built  for  Permanence 


SPECIFICATIONS— ABBOTT-DETROIT  “44” 


4!  in.  x  ?!  in.  long  stroke  Continental  motor. 

Dual  Ignition  System  with  Magneto. 

Combination  oil  and  electric  side  and  tail 
lights. 

Bullet  Electric  headlights — 180  ampere  hour 
lighting  battery — Tungsten  lamps — body 
or  lamps  black  enamel  with  nickel  plated 
trimmings. 


Horn  and  Tools. 

Tires.  36  in.  x  4  in. 

Universal  Demountable  Rims. 

Three-Speed  Transmission.  Selective. 

Two  Pedal  Control-Clutch  and  Service  Brake. 
Hand  lever  for  Emergency  Brake. 

Wheel  base.  120  inches. 

Ventilated  Fore-door  Bodies. 


Send  us  a  postal  request  for  our  3  free  books — The  Testimonial  Letter  Book. 
The  Abbott-Detroit  "Bull  Dog"  Book,  and  The  Reference  Book.  The  Refer¬ 
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of  standard  construction.  Write  today. 


Abbott  Motor  Company  DETOO?T,OTMICh! 


—Reasons  for  Using  Rex  Lime  and  Sulphur  Solution  this  Fall — » 

San  Jose  Scale  is  young  and  easier  controlled  by  this  spraying. 

Every  orch  ard  protects  spore  life  during  winter  season  and  a  thorough  wash 
with  Rex  after  leaves  fall  prevents  many  troubles  that  trees  are  heir  to. 

All  orchard  and  farm  work  comes  in  a  bunch  at  Spring  spraying  season. 
Both  trees  and  ground  are  in  best  condition  for  Fall  spraying. 

The  original  and  only  best  Lime  and  Sulphur  Solution — clear  and  free  from 
sediment. 

Send  for  Rex  Bulletin  and  Arsenate  of  Lead  booklet. 

THE  REX  COMPANY p  °„!ox  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


SPRAT 


Rigs  of 
All  Sizes 
For  All  Uses 


The  Leader  Sprayer 

for  up-to-date  orchard- 
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Engine  suited  to  gener¬ 
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work.  Bucket,  Barrel, 
Mounted  4-Row  Potato 
Sprayers,  etc.  Free 
catalogue  describes  en¬ 
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Also  spraying  formula, 
calendar  and  complete 
spraying  directions. 

Address 


Write  for  Free 
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Pays 


Spray 


FIELD  FORCE  PUMP  CO.,  2  llthSt..EImira.N.Y. 


Spray  Trees  Now 

while  you’ve  time  to  do  a  thorough  job 
Don’t  put  off  till  busy  spring.  Use 

Target  Brand 
Scale  Destroyer 

A  miscible  oil  that  destroys  San  Josh  Scale 
and  all  other  scales.  It  spreads  on  contact 
with  the  tree,  thus  covering  every  part,  even 
those  missed  hy  the  direct  spray. 

Endorsed  by  every  experiment  station  where 
tested.  Sold  by  good  dealers  everywhere.  Write 
for  free  booklet ,  “  Fall  and  Winter  Spraying.” 

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131  S.  Fourth  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


LET  US  REFER  YOU  TO  A 
DEYO  USER  NEAR  YOU 

TV/TOST  of  our  sales  of  Deyo  Power  Spray- 
-LT1-  ers  are  made  by  our  customers. 

Our  guarantee  is  to  replace  any  part 
which  wears  out  or  is  broken  within  one 
year,  no  matter  what  it  is  or  how  it  hap¬ 
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DEYO-MACEY  ENGINE  CO. 
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tlTPT  ¥  DRILLING 
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wheels  or  on  sills.  With  engines  or  horse  powers.  Strong, 
simple  and  durable.  Any  mechanic  can  operate  them 
easily.  Send  for  catalog. 


WILLIAMS  BROS..  Ithaca.  N.  Y. 


UP-TO-DATE 

FRUIT 

GROWERS 


Many  good  apple  growers  are  using  Lime-Sulfur,  but  the  most  up-to-date  growers  in  the  United  States,  Australia  and 
Africa  use  “Scalecide” — not  because  somebody  else  is  using  it,  but  their  own  judgment  and  experience  tells  them  that 
the  greatest  perfection  in  fruit  and  foliage  is  produced  by  the  continued  use  of  “Scalecide,”  with  less  labor  and  less 
expense.  “Scalecide”  lias  no  substitute.  It  is  the  only  oil  containing  distinct  fungicidal  properties.  Write  for  proofs. 
One  barrel  of  “Scalecide”  will  spray  as  many  trees  as  barrels  of  the  best  commercial  Lime-Sulfur,  and  do  the  work 
much  better^  A  postal  request  to  Dept.  “N”  will  bring  you  by  return  mail,  free,  our  book,  “Modern  Methods  of 
Harvesting,  Grading  and  I  acking  Apples,”  and  new  booklet,  “Scalecide — the  Tree-Saver.”  If  your  dealer  cannot  sup- 
ply  you  with  Scalecide,’  we  will  deliver  it  to  any  railroad  station  in  the  United  States  east  of  the  Mississippi  and  nort  h 
Of  the  Ohio  rivers  on  receipt  of  price.  50  gals  ,  $25.00;  30  gals.,  $1(3.00;  10-gal.  cans,  $0.75;  5-gal.  cans,  $3.75.  Address, 
B.  G.  Pratt  Company,  50  Church  Street,  New  York  City. 


1064 

The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER’S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  nnU  Suburban  Homea 

Established  f&SO 

Published  weukhr  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  W  Pearl  St.,  New  York 

Herbert  W.  Cot.ujigwood,  President  and  Editor. 

John  J.  I  'illos,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Hoyle,  Associate  Editor. 


SUBSCRIPTION:  ON£  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreign  eonntrie*  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union.  $2.04.  equal  to  8s.  6d.,  or 
marks,  or  It#  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  Sew  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising!  rates  fiO  cents  per  agrate  line — 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  us  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sore  we  will  make  pood  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  puWicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  Witling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  lie  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  yon  must  have  mentioned  Tin;  Rttral  New-Yorker 
when  wilting  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

Do  something  for  us ! 

By  “us”  we  mean  all  who  sell  farm  produce  to 
commission  men.  We  are  talking  particularly  to 
voters  in  New  York  State.  What  you  can  do  is  to 
write  the  candidates  for  the  Assembly  in  your  district 
and  ask  them  what  they  will  do  for  a  bill  to  regulate 
the  commission  trade.  If  these  men  are  renominated 
ask  them  what  they  did  last  year  when  the  Collin 
bill  came  up.  Get  right  after  them  at  once  and  let 
us  know  what  they  say.  This  is  important !  Do  it ! 
You  may  guarantee  them  for  us  that  they  will  be 
held  right  up  in  public  view  on  this  commission  man 
question. 

* 

That  two-cent  advance  in  butter  prices  at  New 
York  last  week  was  not  warranted  by  actual  condi¬ 
tions,  and  had  the  usual  tmwholesome  effects  of  such 
artificial  rises.  Tradesmen  dealing  in  farm  products 
seem  unable  to  resist  the  temptations  afforded  by  a 
temporary  scarcity.  ’  It  hurts  their  feelings  to  see 
men  get  butter  for  30  cents  when  a  possible  31 
could  be  squeezed  out  of  them  for  a  day  or  two, 
even  at  the  cost  of  deadening  the  market.  With 
staple  products,  like  butter  or  potatoes,  of  which  the 
supply  is  normally  ample,  the  market  might  far  better 
be  in  an  active  moving  condition  than  dragging  with 
the  chained  wheel  of  an  unwise  price  advance.  The 
good  will  of  the  final  buyer  is  an  asset  worth  culti¬ 
vating. 

* 

What  is  the  latest  on  parcels  post?  This  is  what 
President  Taft  told  the  people  of  Idaho: 

I  am  in  favor  of  parcels  post.  It  cannot  be  done  all 
at  one  time.  It  is  possible  to  Introduce  parcels  post  on 
all  rural  routes  and  on  the  carrier  routes  in  the  cities. 
We  are  bound  to  nse  the  postoffiee  to  reduce  the  cost  of 
transmission  of  articles  now  sent  by  express.  This  pro¬ 
gressive  move  will  help  everybody,  and  I  disagree  with 
those  business  men  who  think  parcels  post  would  injure 
their  business. 

That  is  good  as  far  as  it  goes — talk.  We  shall  be¬ 
lieve  we  are  to  have  a  real  parcels  post  when  we  are 
able  to  send  the  first  package.  The  day  such  a  post 
is  established  we  want  to  send  a  dozen  of  the  finest 
apples  we  can  grow  to  the  man  who  is  most  instru¬ 
mental  in  making  Congress  give  up.  The  present  may 
not  carry  a  great  intrinsic  value,  but  think  what  it 
will  stand  for. 

* 

What  is  known  as  the  “Blue  Sky”  law  was  enacted 
by  the  last  Kansas  Legislature.  This  requires  all 
companies  offering  stocks,  bonds  or  other  securities 
in  Kansas  to  obtain  formal  permission  from  the 
Banking  Department.  The  whole  tiling  is  investi¬ 
gated  ;  financial  standing  of  the  company  and  direc¬ 
tors,  plans  of  operation  and  physical  valuation  if 
needed.  During  seven  months  since  this  law  began 
operation  500  such  companies  have  asked  permission 
to  sell  their  securities.  Only  44  of  these  have  “passed” 
the  examination.  Kansas  people  have  suffered  greatly 
from  “fake”  promoters.  At  least  $5,000,000  per  year 
was  stolen  from  investors  bjr  schemers  who  prob¬ 
ably  never  expected  to  succeed  with  their  schemes. 
This  law  chokes  such  rascals  and  dreamers  off.  Now 
a  Kansas  farmer  can  consult  the  State  Banking  De¬ 
partment  and  will  be  told  accurately  just  what  to  ex¬ 
pect.  The  fakes  are  driven  out  and  legitimate  invest¬ 
ment  companies  have  a  fairer  chance  to  do  business. 
Kansas  is  said  to  be  the  first  State  to  supervise  the 
sale  of  stocks  and  bonds.  Every  other  State  should 
follow.  The  savings  of  the  poor  and  people  of 
moderate  means  are  squandered  by  these  fakes, 
usually  because  there  is  no  one  in  authority  to  warn 
the  victims  and  set  them  right. 


THE  KUKAL  NEW-YORKER 

In  the  mountains,  of  West  Virginia  we  met  a  man 
who  said  he  read  The  R.-N.  Y.  when  it  was  two 
weeks  old.  He  lived  back  among  the  hills,  and  the 
paper  was  passed  on  through  three  families  before 
it  got  to  him. 

“Not  zi'h-at  you  might  call  ‘up:  to  date,’  ”  said  a  by¬ 
stander.  Our  friend  from  the  hills  made  an  answer 
which  we  shall  never  forget: 

On  the  contrary  it  is  “up  to  date”  because  it  is  alwaj-s 
useful.  Some  papers  seem  to  be  made  to  fit  the  passing 
hour  and  have  no  value  after  they  get  cold.  They  are 
like  the  froth  on  my  milkpail.  It  looks  like  a  big  yield, 
but  the  Quart  measure  or  the  scales  take  no  notice  of 
froth.  It  disappears.  The  It.  N.-Y.  is  always  up  to  date 
because  I  can  take  any  issue  for  the  past  .  10  years,  •  at 
random,  and  find  in  it  something  that  will  meet  the  need 
of  tiie  present  hour. 

This  was  to  us  a  new  idea,  yet  who  will  say  it  is 
not  as  sound  as  a  rock?  This  craze  to  be  “up  to 
date,”  no  matter  what  you  tramp  over  to  get  there, 
or  how  untested  or  untried  the  conclusion  is,  does 
fill  the  pail  with  useless  froth  when  what  the  people 
need  is  nourishing  milk.  We  are  content  to  try  to 
make  a  paper  which  may,  at  the  last  analysis,  size 
up  to  the  standard  of  our  friend  from  the  hills. 

* 

The  two  candidates  for  the  Assembly  in  Tompkins 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  are  G.  M.  Stoddard  and  Dr.  Minor  Mc¬ 
Daniels.  We  wrote  them  both  asking  where  they 
stood  on  the  principle  of  regulating  the  commission 
trade.  Mr.  Stoddard’s  answer  was  printed  on  page 
1010.  We  now  have  this  letter  frorn  Dr.  McDaniels : 

I  would  say  that  any  measure  that  will  in  any  way  help 
the  farmers  I  am  for.  Regarding  the  Collin  bill  would 
say  that  we  were  told  at  the  time  the  vote  was  taken  it 
would  be  an  added  burden  to  the  farmers,  and  as  no  one 
seemed  to  dispute  it  or  have  a  word  to  say  for  it  it  was 
lost.  Had  you  written  me  regarding  it.  or  anyone  else 
explained  that  it  would  be  beneficial  to  the  farmers  I 
would  have  done  all  I  could  to  help  it  through  to  passage. 
Since  I  received  your  communication  I  have  looked  into 
the  matter  and  will  say  I  am  sorry  that  the  bill  was  de¬ 
feated,  and  should  I  be  reelected  will  do  all  I  can  for  this 
or  any  other  measure  beneficial  to  the  farmer. 

minor  m’daniels. 

Dr.  McDaniels  is  recorded  as  not  voting.  We 
would  like  to  know  who  told  him  this  bill  would  bur¬ 
den  the  farmers !  The  Democratic  leader  from  New 
York  City  opposed  this  bill  and  was  coached  by  a 
commission  man.  Is  that  where  the  information  came 
from?  The  Republican  leader  also  opposed  it.  Two 
hearings  were  held  at  Albany,  one  of  them,  at  least, 
attended  by  over  100  farmers.  It  seems  strange 
that  no  one  ever  heard  anything  of  this.  On  the  floor 
of  the  House  nearly  10  men  spoke  for  the  bill.  We 
are  glad  this  thing  has  come  up.  It  clearly  shows 
how  the  agricultural  counties  are  represented  at  Al¬ 
bany.  Here  was  a  bill  covering  one  of  the  most  im¬ 
portant  questions  which  farmers  have  to  face  and  one 
of  the  purely  agricultural  counties!  Yet  the  repre¬ 
sentative  did  not  know  anything  about  the  bill  or  the 
question,  and  seems  to  have  done  what  he  was  “told.” 

* 

We  went  into  this  “Consumer’s  Dollar”  proposition 
well  knowing  that  the  lions  in  the  way  are  not  stuffed, 
but  with  real  teeth  and  claws.  There  are  useless 
middlemen  who  will  fight  hard  before  giving  up 
plunder.  Those  who  expect  to  add  to  that  35-cent 
dollar  by  walking  on  velvet  should  get  out  of  the 
way.  Mayor  S.  L.  Shank,  of  Indianapolis,  is  one 
who  sees  this  clearly.  Last  week  we  told  what  he  is 
doing  with  potatoes.  Some  one  asked  for  his  “pro¬ 
gram.”  Here  it  is : 

It  is  a  scheme  to  restore  competition,  by  the  use  of  a 
club  if  necessary.  There  is  no  effort  to  harm  legitimate 
commission  men.  The  scheme  is  to  “show  up”  the  system¬ 
atic  falsification  employed  by  the  commission  combine  to 
keep  up  food  prices  to  double  what  they  ought  to  be. 
When  they  are  shown  up  in  their  true  light  I  believe  they 
will  be  good.  If  they  are  not  they  will  have  to  meet  cost 
prices  from  the  farm. 

Any  man  who  is  after  justice  if  he  has  to  get  it 
with  a  club  has  our  respect  and  sympathy.  Mayor 
Shank  further  says  as  a  private  citizen  he  has  a  right 
to  “bust  the  potato  corner,”  and  as  a  mayor  it  is  his 
duty.  May  the  Lord  give  us  more  officials  who  will 
graft  private  right  upon  public  duty.  And  read  this: 

There  are  hundreds  of  men,  here  as  in  other  cities  mak¬ 
ing  from  $12  to  $15  a  week.  It  is  a  physical  impossi¬ 
bility  for  them  to  live  and  raise  normal  families  unless 
food  prices  fall.  While  they  are  struggling  for  existence 
commission  men  have  been  growing  rich  by  interfering 
with  the  law  of  supply  and  demand.  Farmers  have  come 
to  Indianapolis  with  potatoes,  peaches,  sweet  potatoes  and 
apples.  Carloads  have  been  offered  to  commission  men. 
The  latter  tell  them  the  market  is  “glutted.”  With  the 
same  breath  they  tell  the  consumer  that  an  alarming 
scarcity  exists.  Farmers  have  been  compelled  to  take 
what  they  could  get  for  their  wares,  often  without  leaving 
them  a  cent  after  they  had  paid  the  freight  and  carfare 
back  home. 

You  cannot  put  the  case  better  than  that.  When 
the  farmer  gets  a  35-cent  dollar  these  men  must  pay 
out  a  $1.75  dollar,  and  that  is  what  hurts  at  both  ends. 
These  $12-a-week  men  ought  to  be  the  best  customers 


...  -,  ...  -  October  28, 

the  farmers  could  have,  and  they  would  be  if  we 
could  have  more  men  like  Mayor  Shank  in  office. 
This  movement  against  unfair  prices  is  world-wide. 
In  Berlin,  Germany,  the  city  is  buying  and  s-.lling 
fish.  In  Budapest  the  city  bakes  and  sells  bread,  and 
will  handle  milk  and  meat  at  cost.  We  knew  it  would 
come  just  as  soon  as  the  consumers  learn  where  they 
are  being  robbed  in  the  price  of  food. 

* 

California  has  just  voted  in  favor  of  woman 

suffrage,  thus  adding  a  sixth  star  to  the  equal  suf¬ 

frage  flag.  It  is  worth  noting  that  it  was  the  country 
districts,  and  essentially  the  agricultural  communi¬ 
ties,  that  conferred  this  powder  upon  their  women, 
while  the  cities,  and  most  emphatically  San  Fran¬ 
cisco,  opposed  it.  The  reason  for  this  is  not  at  all 

obscure.  The  country  stands  for  clean  living;  the 

city  shelters  thousands  who  gain  wealth  and  shame¬ 
ful  ease  from  vice  and  infamy.  At  this  same  election 
the  people  voted  for  the  recall  and  initiative.  The 
under  world  could  not  bear  the  thought  of  women 
voters  with  the  power  of  recalling  unfaithful  public 
servants;  it  risked  the  curtailment  of  their  privileges, 
so  every  effort  was  made  to  defeat  this  amendment. 
That  it  succeeded  is  to  the  credit  of  rural  California, 
and  is  proof  once  more,  if  proof  were  needed,  that 
country  people  are  ever  ready  to  fight  on  the  side 
of  right  and  decency.  A  recent  Australian  picture, 
taken  during  an  exciting'  election,  showed  husband 
and  wife  on  their  way  to  the  polls  together,  wheeling 
the  baby  in  his  •  carriage.  It  has  ever  seemed  to  us 
that  the  best  and  purest  form  of  human  government 
must  depend  for  its  power  upon  that  threefold  unit — 
father,  mother  and  the  baby.  It  may  be  said  that 
conditions  in  the  Western  States  are  peculiar,  and 
that  suffrage  would  not  be  so  well  adapted  to  the  East. 
The  truth  is,  however,  that  the  movement  is  develop¬ 
ing  everywhere.  As  with  half  a  dozen  other  reforms, 
the  tactics  of  the  politicians  and  the  “interests”  cause 
it  to  grow  three  times  as  fast  as  it  otherwise  would. 

* 

When  banker  Charles  W.  Morse  was  sent  to  At¬ 
lanta  prison  for  wrecking  the  Bank  of  North  America 
the  Government  had  a  struggle  to  prove  its  case.  It 
could  only  do  so  through  the  testimony  of  clerks  and 
employees  who  either  kept  the  books  or  knew  the 
crooked  records.  These  men  rendered  a  great  public 
service.  Of  course  the  honest  bankers  saw  that  they 
were  protected  and  honored  for  what  they  did.  But 
they  were  not !  Henry  A.  Wise,  U.  S.  District  Attor¬ 
ney,  recently  said : 

"They  ought  to  be  promoted,  rather  than  punished. 
But  let  me  tell  you  the  latter  standard  was  followed  in 
the  case  of  the  Bank  of  North  America.  Do  you  know 
that  of  the  employees  who  testified  in  the  Morse  case  not 
one  is  employed  to-day  in  any  of  the  banks  of  this  city?" 

Think  of  it !  Grasp  the  shame  of  it  in  your  mind. 
These  men  went  before  the  grand  jury  and  told  what 
they  knew.  This  made  it  possible  to  convict  Morse 
and  show  up  the  rotten  crookedness  in  his  system  of 
banking.  Bank  presidents  and  directors  are  supposed 
to  have  charge  of  “other  people’s  money.”  You  would 
think  they  would  hunt  for  men  who  had  the  courage 
to  tell  the  truth  and  show  up  dishonesty.  But  no — 
these  bank  presidents  evidently  feel  that  such  men 
should  be  punished.  They  are  not  safe  men  to  have 
around.  They  might  spread  the  germs  of  their  hon¬ 
esty  as  they  would  smallpox  or  typhoid.  Get  rid 
of  them.  Courageous  honesty  is  a  had  asset  in  the 
banking  business !  The  most  astonishing  thing  is 
that  these  bankers  and  financiers  cannot  see  wliat 
they  are  doing.  Blind  as  bats,  they  do  not  realize 
that  just  such  things  are  rousing  the  people  to  de¬ 
mand  a  more  direct  power  in  politics.  Primary  nomi¬ 
nations,  the  “recall”  and  all  the  rest  simply  express 
the  disgust  which  ordinary  people  feel  at  the  way 
our  laws  are  being  manipulated  by  the  rich  and 
strong.  It  is  hard  on  the  honest  individuals  to  be 
punished  for  doing  their  duty,  but  it  is  a  good  thing 
if  it  will  help  make  the  people  see  that  they  mus*t 
come  in  and  take  the  government  into  their  own 
hands. 

BREVITIES. 

The  North  Dakota  Agricultural  College  sends  what  it 
calls  a  package  library  to*  State  farmers  who  apply  for  it 

An  English  milk  dealer  gives  as  one  argument  for  rais¬ 
ing  the  price  of  milk  that  water  rates  are  higher.  An 
honest  man  ! 

Let  the  young  Alfalfa  alone.  It  will  make  some  growth 
and  then  fall  down  on  the  ground.  This  will  protect  it 
somewhat  through  the  Winter.  A  coat  of  straw  would 
help. 

Get  ’em  to  think !  Get  ’em  to  think.  That  is  the 
way  to  make  farmers  unlink  chains  that  have  held 
them  to  moss-backed  ideas.  Thought  will  cut  out  the 
old  methods  and  fears. 

The  big  hippopotamus  in  Central  Park,  New  York,  re¬ 
cently  presented  the  park  with  a  75-pound  baby,  being  “Miss 
Murphy’s”  tenth  offspring  born  there.  The  head  keeper  says 
this  young  hippo  is  worth  about  $5,000,  another  proof 
of  the  value  of  purebred  live  stock. 


1011. 


THE  RUKAIi  NEW-YORKER 


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October  JS, 


Woman  and  the  Home 


From  Day  to  Day. 

IN  THE  MORNING  OF  LIFE. 

In  the  morning  of  life,  when  its  cares  are 
unknown, 

And  its  pleasures  in  all  their  new  luster 
begin. 

When  we  live  in  a  bright-beaming  world 
of  our  own, 

And  the  light  that  surrounds  us  is  all 
from  within  ; 

Oh,  ’tis  not,  believe  me,  in  that  happy  time 
We  can  love,  as  in  hours  of  less  trans¬ 
port  we  may — 

Of  our  smiles,  of  our  hopes,  ’tis  the  gay, 
sunny  prime, 

But  affection  is  truest  when  these  fade 
away. 

When  we  see  the  first  glory  of  youth  pass 
us  by, 

Like  a  leaf  on  the  stream  that  will  never 
,  return ; 

When  our  cup,  which  had  sparkled  with 
pleasure  so  high, 

First  tastes  of  the  other,  the  dark  flowing 
urn, 

Then,  then  is  the  time  when  affection  holds 
sway 

With  a  depth  of  tenderness  joy  never 
knew, 

Love,  nursed  among  pleasures,  is  faithless 
as  they, 

But  the  love  born  of  Sorrow,  like  Sor¬ 
row,  is  true. 

In  climes  full  of  sunshine,  tho’  splendid  the 
flowers. 

Their  sighs  have  no  freshness,  their  odor 
no  worth  ; 

’Tis  the  cloud  and  the  mist  of  our  own  isle 
of  showers 

That  call  the  rich  spirit  of  fragrances 
forth. 

So  it  is  not  ’mid  splendor,  prosperity,  mirth, 
That  the  depth  of  Love’s  generous  spirit 
appears ; 

To  the  sunshine  of  smiles  it  may  first  owe 
its  birth, 

But  the  soul  of  its  sweetness  is  drawn 
out  by  tears. 

— Tom  Moore. 

* 

We  notice  many  of  the  very  fine 
handmade  dresses  for  little  children 
have  the  hem  finished  with  dainty 
feather-stitching,  instead  of  insertion 
or  open  hemming.  The  reason  for  this 
is  the  greater  durability;  a  little  child 
just  learning  to  walk  is  likely  to  fall, 
and  thus  tear  an  open  hem  or  inser¬ 
tion  ;  the  feather-stitched  hem  also 

wears  better  in  laundering. 

* 

A  pretty  gift  for  a  small  child  is  a 
straight  bib  of  fine  huckaback,  long 
enough  to  protect  the  dress  when  at 
meals.  The  edge  is  hemstitched,  and 
across  the  bottom  is  a  row  of  toys — 
horses,  roosters,  etc.,  worked  in  red 
and  blue  cross-stitch.  The  neck  is 
bound  with  linen  tape,  which  forms  the 
fastening.  Such  a  bib  is  offered  in  a 
fashionable  shop  for  $3,  but  it  is  nice 
fancy  work  for  one  who  does  cross- 
stitch. 

* 

The  Wisconsin  State  College  is 
equipping  a  six-room  cottage  for  the 
benefit  of  students  in  the  course  of 
home  economics.  Here  they  are  to  be 
shown  an  example  of  how  the  average 
American  home  should  be  managed  to 
promote  the  welfare  of  the  family. 
Decoration  and  furnishing,  heat,  light, 
ventilation  and  water  supply,  are  all  to 
be  studied  with  the  idea  of  providing 
highest  efficiency  with  least  labor.  This 
is  valuable  work,  and  we  need  more  of 
it.  It  is  worth  remembering,  too,  that 
it  was  not  until  women  began  to  find 
many  fields  of  congenial  and  remuner¬ 
ative  labor  outside  the  home  that  a  seri¬ 
ous  appreciation  of  household  work 
was  shown  by  the  efforts  to  make  it  a 

matter  of  scientific  study. 

* 

Here  is  a  pear  marmalade  new  to  us, 
which  is  made  without  ginger  or  lemon 
flavoring.  Do  not  peel  or  core  the 
pears ;  wipe  clean,  then  cut  in  slices, 
rejecting  any  part  that  looks  bruised. 
Measure,  and  for  each  quart  of  sliced 
fruit  allow  half  a  pint  of  sugar.  Put 
the  sugar  and  fruit  in  the  preserving 
kettle,  with  just  enough  water  to  pre¬ 
vent  burning.  When  the  fruit  is  cooked 


tender  remove  from  the  fire  and  let  it 
become  perfectly  cold;  then  press 
through  a  fruit  press  or  coarse  sieve, 
which  removes  cores  and  skins.  Then 
let  the  marmalade  boil  down  slowly  on 
the  back  of  the  stove,  where  there  is 
no  danger  of  burning.  When  it  is 
thick  and  smooth,  like  jelly,  pour  into 
little  crocks  or  jars;  when  cold  pour 
melted  paraffin  over  it,  and  cover  like 
jelly.  While  well-flavored  fruit  should 
be  used,  it  is  a  good  method  for 
gnarled  or  bruised  pears,  leaving  the 
fine,  smooth  specimens  for  canning. 

* 

Jewel  embroidery,  seen  among  new 
fancy  work,  is  not  done  with  beads  or 
imitation  jewels,  but  with  colored  em¬ 
broidery  silks.  The  patterns  used  are 
similar  to  eyelet,  French  or  Madeira 
embroidery,  but  the  eyelets  and  dots  are 
worked  as  jewels.  They  are  first 
padded  rather  heavily  with  working 
silk,  then  worked  very  smoothly  with 
colored  silk,  and  finished  by  closely  out¬ 
lining,  in  tiny  stitches,  with  a  darker 
shade  of  the  same  color.  This  close 
outlining  in  the  darker  shade  seems  to 
give  luster  to  the  “jewel,”  and  the  ef¬ 
fect  is  charming  in  two  shades  of  ame¬ 
thyst,  sapphire,  emerald,  amber  or  any 
other  desired  color.  The  remainder  of 
the  pattern  is  done  in  ordinary  em¬ 
broidery  stitches,  though  leaves  may  be 
done  in  jewel  effect  if  desired.  This 
embroidery  may  be  used  with  beautiful 
effect  on  a  marquisette  waist  to  match 
a  suit. 

* 

Dr.  H.  W.  Wiley  is  not  a  believer 
in  the  starvation  diet  suggested  by  some 
food  faddists.  In  a  recent  interview  he 
remarked : 

“Lots  of  people  have  this  fancy  feed¬ 
ing  fad.  With  some  it’s  nuts,  with 
some  vegetables,  with  some  fruits,  and 
with  some  it’s  just  general  starvation. 
But  most  of  them  forget  that  what  the 
body  wants  is  good  food,  and  plenty  of 
it.  I  was  one  of  those  starvationists 
once  myself,  but  from  necessity,  and 
not  from  inclination.  It  was  in  the  days 
when  I  was  at  Hanover  College,  days 
when  I  didn’t  have  any  cash  to  spare 
on  beefsteaks.  I  did  most  of  my  own 
cooking  then,  and  my  diet  consisted 
largely  of  cornmeal  and  molasses.  The 
result  was  that  I  left  college  a  physical 
wreck,  weighing  120  pounds,  ill  with 
dyspepsia,  and  threatened  with  tubercu¬ 
losis.  Everybody  expected  then  I  was 
going  to  die.  I  guess  there  are  some 
now  who  wish  I  had !” 


Some  Autumn  Days  at  “Faraway.” 

Saturday,  September  16,  dawned  clear 
and  warm,  like  a  bit  of  Indian  Summer, 
after  a  spell  of  cold,  damp  and  even 
frosty  weather,  which  had  done  a  great 
deal  of  damage  back  from  the  river 
shore,  but  none  here.  All  hands  were 
at  work  early  to  get  the  week’s  work 
finished  up  in  good  shape.  Farmer  F. 
and  the  10-year-old  took  a  load  of  loose 
hay  to  market  with  three  crates  of  pul¬ 
lets  and  two  of  eggs,  hoisted,  with  no 
little  trouble,  upon  its  top.  The  total 
weight,  wagon  and  all,  was  3,940 
pounds,  to  be  drawn  8)4  miles,  and  it 
counted  up  $40.01,  with  the  hay  at  $17, 
pullets  at  40  cents  per  head  and  eggs  at 
25  cents  per  dozen. 

At  about  eight  o’clock  two  companies 
of  negro  soldiers  from  the  Sackett’s 
Harbor  Post  began  to  march  by  on  a 
hike  for  somewhere.  They  were  mostly 
very  dark  and  pretty  good-looking  men 
with  pleasant,  happy  faces.  Some  of 
them  stopped  for  a  drink  at  the  spring, 
to  the  great  satisfaction  of  the  two 
little  boys  of  the  family. 

At  two  o’clock  our  two  weary  travel¬ 
ers  returned,  bumping  along  on  the 
empty  hayrack.  A  basket  of  grapes 
had  provided  their  lunch  and  they  were 
ready  with  keen  appetites  for  their  din¬ 
ner  of  beefsteak  and  onions,  turnips, 
creamed  potatoes  and  jellied  apples. 
Chores  and  odds  and  ends  of  work 


filled  the  shortened  afternoon  and  an 
evening’s  (visit  with  some  neighbors 
just  returned  from  the  State  Fair  at 
Syracuse  pleasantly  ended  the  busy, 
happy  day. 

Sunday,  September  17. — Bright  and 
clear.  The  church  bells  called  us  to 
service  at  11  A.  M.  and  later  on,  after 
church  and  dinner,  there  was  time  for 
Farmer  F.  to  rest  and  for  me  to  spend 
at  the  piano,  while  the  children  played 
in  the  dooryard,  even  the  littlest  one, 
making  a  pretty  bit  of  color  with  his 
bobbing  yellow  curls  and  crimson  cloak 
against  the  sober  Autumn  background. 

Monday,  September  18. — Not  “blue 
Monday”  at  all,  although  the  day 
brought  as  usual  extra  duties  besides 
the  regular  routine.  Farmer  F.  drew 
off  another  load  of  hay,  this  time  with 
two  crates  of  fat  hens  on  top.  As  for 
me,  there  was  washing  to  do,  of  course, 
and  I  snatched  some  spare  minutes  in 
the  afternoon  to  finish  tying  off  a 
comfort  and  to  put  another  on  the 
quilting  frames.  At  1 :30  P.  M.  came 
the  postman  and  his  wife  in  their  auto¬ 
mobile  and  stopped  for  a  bit  of  a  chat, 
and  brought  the  daily  and  a  funny  letter 
from  an  old  friend. 

And  so  the  days  go  by — always 
quickly  and  almost  always  pleasantly, 
although  filled  from  dawn  till  dark  with 
an  endless  round  of  heavy  work,  which 
the  simple  joys  and  pleasures  of  coun¬ 
try  life  help  to  make  bearable.  f. 


Canning  Swiss  Chard. 

While  I  have  never  canned  it,  I  do 
not  see  why  the  method  that  proves 
successful  with  cabbage  would  not 
prove  equally  so  with  chard.  The  rule 
for  cabbage  is :  Cook  tender  in  as  little 
water  as  possible ;  when  done  add  a 
little  vinegar  (just  enough  to  sharpen 
the  taste)  and  a  little  salt.  Pack  in 
cans  while  boiling  hot;  seal,  and  keep 
in  a  dark  place — or  wrap  in  papers.  In 
the  editor’s  directions  —  suggestions, 
rather — she  says :  “Fill  into  cans  and 
add  boiling  salted  water  to  fill  the  cans 
full.”  If  the  chard  is  packed  into  the 
can  at  all  closely,  it  is  next  to  im¬ 
possible  to  get  the  water  to  penetrate 
to  all  the  air  spaces  without  a  lot  of 
fussing.  With  every  sort  of  fruit  or 
vegetable  put  into  hot  water  I  reverse 
the  rule  of  putting  in  the  stuff  to  be 
canned  and  filling  with  boiling  water 
afterward.  Hot  water  is.  cheap,  even 
when  salted,  so  I  fill  the  can  nearly  full 
and  then  pack  in  the  fruit  or  vegetables, 
letting  them  displace  the  water,  and  in 
this  way  I  get  every  crevice  between 
pieces  filled  With  the  water  and  all  air 
crowded  out.  eva  ryman-gaillard. 


If  you  cannot  in  the  harvest 
Garner  up  the  richest  sheaves, 

Many  a  grain,  both  ripe  and  golden, 

Oft  the  careless  reaper  leaves ; 

Go  and  glean  among  tire  briars 
Growing  rank  against  the  wall, 

For  it  may  be  that  their  shadow 
Hides  the  heaviest  wheat  of  all ! 

— Ellen  Gates. 


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1067 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  pattern  and  measurement  de¬ 
sired. 

The  first  group  shows  7167,  fancy 
tucked  blouse,  34  to  40  bust,  with  or 
without  collar,  with  elbow  sleeves  and 
undersleeves  or  three->quarter  sleeves 
gathered  into  bands.  7180,  girl’s  coat, 
8  to  12  years,  with  open  neck  and 


fancy  collar  or  high  neck  and  round 
collar,  with  or  without  cuffs.  7150, 
fancy  peasant  blouse,  34  to  42  bust. 
7153,  skirt  with  deep  tunic  effect,  22  to 
30  waist.  6888,  four-piece  skirt  for 
misses  and  small  women,  14,  16  and  18 
years.  7181,  child’s  bonnet,  for  2  and 
4  years.  Normandy  bonnet  to  be  made 
with  or  without  revers.  Price  of  each 
pattern,  10  cents. 

The  second  group  includes:  7186, 
fancy  blouse  in  peasant  style,  for  misses 


and  small  women,  14,  16  and  18  years. 
7164,  men’s  outing  or  negligee  shirt,  34 
to  46  breast.  7169,  semi-princess  dress 
for  misses  and  small  women,  14,  16  and 
18  years.  7182,  three-piece  skirt,  22  to 
30  waist,  with  straight  band  at  the  lower 
edge,  with  high  or  natural  waistline. 
7175,  child’s  rompers,  1  and  2  years, 
with  square  or  high  neck,  with  short 
sleeves,  gathered  into  bands  or  loose  or 
with  long  sleeves,  with  or  without  belt. 
Price  of  each  pattern,  10  cents. 

Care  of  the  Child’s  Mouth. 

A  coated  tongue  indicates  digestive 
derangement  of  the  stomach  or  bowels. 
A  little  questioning  will  determine  if 
the  bowels  are  at  fault.  If  the  poison¬ 
ous  matter  is  left  overtime  inside,  much 
of  it  will  be  absorbed  and  cause  a  feel¬ 
ing  of  lassitude.  Sick  headaches  are 
usually  started  this  way.  When  the 
trouble  is  in  the  stomach,  it  is  apt  to  be 
caused  by  improper  food,  either  too 
rich  or  hard  to  digest;  yet  the  tongue 
may  be  much  coated  from  too  many 
sweets  and  the  person  not  feel  ill.  A 


growing  child  should  eat  plain,  nutri¬ 
tious  food.  Indigestion  will  cause  the 
secretions  of  the  mouth  to  be  abnormal 
and  aid  the  decay  of  the  teeth. 

Children  under  two  years  of  age 
should  have  the  teeth  cleaned  daily  with 
a  cloth  dipped  in  saline  solution.  Make 
this  with  a  quarter  teaspoonful  of  salt 
to  a  quarter  teacupful  of  warm  water. 
At  two  years  of  age  the  toothbrush 
habit  may  be  commenced.  Use  a  soft, 
narrow  brush,  and  cleanse  the  teeth  of 
every  particle  of  food  after  each  meal; 
salt  solution  or  any  mild  dental  prepara- 
tion«may  be  used  once  a  day. 

When  the  tongue  is  habitually  coated, 
a  few  drops  of  listerine  in  the  water  is 
good  to  clean  the  teeth;  and  the  brush 
can  be  dipped  in  this  preparation  after¬ 
ward,  to  give  the  tongue  a  good  but 
gentle  scrubbing.  It  leaves  such  a  clean, 
fresh  sensation  in  the  mouth  that  the 
child  will  not  be  likely  to  demur  after 
the  first  trial.  This  listerine  used,  about 
a  teaspoon ful  to  a  glass  of  boiled  water, 
is  excellent  to  wash  the  mouth  and  teeth 
of  a  sick  child  or  even  that  of  an  adult. 
If  the  teeth  decay,  have  them  filled  with 
an  inexpensive  filling,  if  they  are  the 
first  or  milk  teeth.  The  roots  of  these 
are  absorbed  to  build  the  second  set, 
and  should  be  kept  in  as  excellent  a 
condition  as  possible.  Food  which  gets 
in  the  cavities  decays,  or  ferments,  and 
breeds  germs  which  cause  indigestion 
and  disease.  Investigation  has  proved 
that  children  study  and  behave  better 
after  the  teeth  are  cleaned  and  repaired. 

EDYTXIE  STODDARD  SEYMOUR. 

A  Day  on  a  Wyoming  Hay  Ranch. 

Imagine  a  low  ranch  house,  built 
partly  of  logs  and  some  frame.  The 
kitchen  dark  and  dreary;  the  big  din¬ 
ing-room  with  bare  floor,  stairs  going 
to  the  loft  above  from  one  corner  of 
the  room;  a  10- foot  table  covered  with 
oilcloth  and  dishes  of  various  colors 
and  weight.  What  is  called  regular 
ranch  dishes  are  very  heavy;  a  teacup 
and  saucer  weighing  2x/2  to  three 
pounds,  but  in  this  case  they  were 
lighter.  A  slender  little  woman  with 
three  girls,  ages  three,  seven  and  nine, 
did  the  work,  and  cooked  for  11  men, 
15  in  all  with  themselves.  Five  o'clock 
in  the  morning  found  the  little  woman 
astir.  A  fire  started  in  the  cook  stove, 
biscuits  made,  potatoes  fried,  also  eggs 
and  steak ;  table  set ;  both  coffee  and  tea 
a-  made,  as  some  prefer  tea  to  coffee. 
The  syrup  cup  is  always  found  on  the 
ranch  table  as  well  as  the  large  plate 
of  butter.  In  this  case  the  butter  is 
bought  at  a  creamery  and  a  half-pound 
is  on  each  butter  plate;  no  butter  knives 
are  seen,  for  their  use  would  be  ig¬ 
nored,  each  taking  his  own  knife  for 
butter.  The  men  soon  make  short  work 
o*  eating  breakfast.  In  the  meantime 
the  three  little  girls  are  up  and  dress 
themselves,  each  helping  the  other.  They 
eat  breakfast  with  mother,  and  then 
the  work  begins.  One  clears  the  table 
while  the  oldest  picks  over  beans, 
washes  them  in  two  waters,  and  puts^ 
them  on  to  cook.  The  mother  mean¬ 
time  is  getting  the  beds  out  of  the  way 
and  keeping  things  moving.  The  seven- 
year-old  stands  on  a  box  and  washes 
dishes,  while  the  nine-year-old  wipes 
them.  Steel  knives  and  forks  are  used, 
and  all  arc  scoured  every  morning.  If 
the  little  girls  get  to  playing  or  dally¬ 
ing  at  their  work  the  mother’s  voice  of 
“Hurry  up,  no  time  for  fooling,”  puts 
quicker  time  into  the  work. 

A  quick  yeast  is  used  for  baking, 
some  being  saved  from  one  baking  to 
the  next,  and  I  was  told  she  made  no 
new  yeast  in  over  a  year.  A  big  pan 
of  sponge  is  soon  made  and  the  bread 
baked  in  the  afternoon,  eight  and  10 
loaves  each  day.  After  the  dishes  are 
done  (the  mother  usually  washed  ket¬ 
tles,  skillets,  etc.,  of  which  there  were 
many),  the  little  girls  sweep.  Then 
there  are  dried  berries  to  look  over 
and  cook  for  pies,  rice  to  be  picked 


over  and  washed,  which  is  put  in  a 
large  pan  with  lots  of  milk  and  plenty 
of  raisins  and  sugar,  put  in  the  oven 
and  baked  until  the  rice  has  taken  up 
nearly  all  the  milk.  The  girls  have  a 
short  time  to  rest  now  and  play.  In  be¬ 
tween  all  these  jobs  of  work  they  must 
look  after  the  little  three-year-old  sis¬ 
ter,  who  is  here,  there  and  everywhere, 
busy  as  a  bee  at  something.  At  11 
o’clock  one  girl  is  set  to  peeling  onions 
to  be  sliced  up  with  a  dressing  of  vine¬ 
gar,  salt  and  pepper;  the  other  peels 
potatoes,  while  the  mother  looks  after 
the  berry  pies  in  the  oven,  prepares 
meat,  cabbage,  etc.  The  girls  set  the 
table  while  mother  looks  after  the  cook¬ 
ing  and  dishing  up. 

At  12:15  the  men  are  at  the  table  eat¬ 
ing  the  good  dinner  prepared  for  them : 
beans,  potatoes,  beefsteak,  cabbage, 
onions,  rice,  bread  and  butter,  syrup, 
berry  pie,  etc.  There  is  a  lull  of  a 
short  time  as  the  little  girls  and  their 
mother  eat  their  dinner,  then  the  same 
thing  over;  table  to  be  cleared,  which  is 
no  small  job,  piles  of  dirty  dishes  to 
wash,  but  the  mother  washes  while  the 
girls  wipe  and  put  away.  Then  mother 
makes  the  bread  into  loaves,  prepares  a 
rich  cake,  and  when  done  it  is  frosted. 
About  three  o’clock  the  bread  is  ready 
for  the  oven,  and  while  caring  for  its 
baking  the  mother  knits  woolen  socks 
for  her  husband,  who  wears  them  the 
whole  year.  The  weather  being  so  cold 
in  Winter,  he  17.es  them  long,  to  go  to 
the  knees.  The  girls  run  about  among 
the  rocks,  hunt  wild  flowers  and  come 
in  with  great  stories  of  seeing  a  wild¬ 
cat  run  into  one  of  the  caves  not  far 
from  the  house.  Wildcats,  mountain  I 
lions,  coyotes  and  wolves  are  not 
scarce.  Eagles  are  often  seen,  and  the 
beautiful  but  very  naughty  magpie 
keeps  one  busy  looking  after  young 
chickens.  While  bread  and  cake  were 
baking  a  kettle  of  beef  has  been  boil¬ 
ing,  which  with  potatoes,  gravy,  onions, 
canned  corn,  cooked  raisins,  syrup, 
bread  and  butter  and  cake  constitutes 
the  supper  at  6  p.  m.  No  tea  or  coffee 
at  this  meal,  but  milk  and  water.  Cows 
are  milked  for  the  cream  and  milk 
used,  no  butter  made.  It  is  long  after 
lamplight  before  the  dishes  are  done, 
potatoes  prepared  for  the  morning,  beds 
prepared  for  the  night  in  the  dining¬ 
room,  which  serves  for  bedroom  also. 
The  men  sleep  at  the  barns  on  hay 
with  robes  and  blankets.  The  father 
undresses  the  little  girl,  talks  a  little 
with  the  wife,  and  soon  lights  are  out 
and  sleep  comes  to  the  tired  ones. 

MRS.  F.  C.  JOHNSON.  j 

One  trouble  with  the  people  who  aim  ' 
to  do  right,  is  that  so  many  of  them  : 
are  such  poor  shots. — Ram’s  Horn. 

If  some  of  us  would  spend  half  the 
time  in  hustling  that  we  do  in  worry¬ 
ing,  we  would  have  more  butter  on  our 
bread. — Ram’s  Horn. 


DR 


OU 

NG 


into  the  crowd  of  weak, 
weary,  depressed;  or  are 
you  filled  with  vitality  and 
energy? 

.Health  is  the  founda¬ 
tion  of  success. 

Nerves,  Brain,  and 
Body  should  be  staunch- 
dependable. 

Scott’s  Emulsion 

the  best  of  food-tonics,  is 
the  firm  footing  for  health. 


ALL  DRUGGISTS 


11-54 


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with  “  Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  are  doing! 

EDWARD  R.  TAYLOR,  Fenn  Yan,  N.  Y. 


PATENT 


SECURED  OR  FEE  RETURNED. 

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30  Days’  Free  Trial— Use 
the  stove  or  range  as  your 
own  30  days,  then  if  not 
satisfied  we’ll  take  it  back. 

We  pay  all  freight  charges 
whether  you  keep  it  or  not, 
and  the  trial  costs  you  nothing.  360 
pays’  approval  test.  Cash  or  credit  terms. 

$100,000  bank  bond  guarantee.  We  have  more 
customers  than  any  stove  manufacturer  in  the 
world.  Send  for  your  copy  of  Stove  Book  and 
Catalogue  No.  114  .  Postal  or  letter. 


Kalamazoo  Stove  Company 

Manufacturers 
Kalamazoo,  Michigan 


Oven  Thermometer" 
Saves  Fuel  m 


A  Kalamazoo  SJ 

Direct  toYo\i’  too 


loss 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YOKKER 


October  28, 


Live  Stock  awd  Dairy 

IMPROVEMENT  IN  HOGS. 

H.  C.  and  H.  B.  Harpending,  of  Dun¬ 
dee,  N.  Y.,  sent  the  pictures  shown  at 
Figs.  424  and  425.  The  object  was  to 
show  the  improvement  which  can  be 


stout  rope  and  ties  it  around  the  cow's 
body  just  behind  the  fore  legs,  then  puts  a 
stick  in  it  and  twists  it  tight  as  a  Spanish 
windlass.  This  gives  the  cow  something 
to  be  thinking  about  while  being  milked. 
If  she  attempts  to  kick  a  turn  of  the  stick 
in  the  rope  will  attract  her  attention,  and 
finally,  after  several  times,  she  will  stand 
perfectly  quiet  if  the  rope  is  merely  tied 


Write  for  Free  Booklet 

How  / )  Raise  Caloes  Cheaply  and  Successfully  Without  Milk 

Contains  full  information  and  complete  feeding  directions  for  using 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal — The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute 

Three  or  four  calves  can  be  raised  on  it  at  the  cost  of  one  where  milk  is  fed. 

No  mill  feed  The  only  calf  meal  manufactured  in  an  exclusive  Calf  Meal  Factory 
Established  at  Leicester,  England,  in  1 8Q0,. 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory,  -  -  Waukegan,  Illinois 


SIX  MONTHS  OLD  GILTS— ONE  BERKSHIRE  CROSS.  Fig.  424, 


made  in  hogs  by  one  cross  with  a  pure¬ 
bred  sire  of  good  quality.  Fig.  424 
shows  five  gilts,  described  as  follows: 

Those  are  the  sows  from  a  litter  of  12. 
The  rest  were  males.  These  gilts  were  far- 


around  her.  I  had  a  mare  that  was  a  bad 
puller.  She  broke  several  tbree-fourths-inch 
ropes.  After  trying  putting  a  rope  about 
her  body  and  under  her  tail  it  did  no  good ; 
I  finally  had  a  small  chain  secured  at  one 
end  back  of  her  stall  and  hooked  across  so 


A  GROUP  OF  YEARLING  BERKSHIRE  SOWS.  Img.  425. 


rowed  March  7,  1911,  and  September  10. 
At  six  months  of  age  they  weighed  1.050 
pounds,  an  average  of  210  pounds.  They 
are  not  fat,  but  well  grown  out.  They 
have  always  been  on  range  and  have  got 
most  of  tliir  livelihood  from  pasture.  The 
dam  is  a  very  plain  sow,  and  the  sire  is 
Berryton  Duke’s  Model,  one  of  our  herd 
boars.  We  submit  them  to  show  the  effect 
of  using  a  purebred  sire.  Fig.  425  shows 
some  of  our  purebred  yearliug  sows  ou 
range,  where  they  are  maintained  through¬ 
out  the  year.  We  had  litters  farrowed  in 
the  A-shaped  pens  shown  in  picture  last 
Spring  when  the  thermometer  was  six  be¬ 
low  and  saved  every  one. 

There  is  no  doubt  whatever  about  the 
improvement  which  one  good  cross  will 
make  in  hogs.  Thousands  have  demon¬ 
strated  it.  The  trouble  is  that  some 
people  expect  pure  blood  to  take  the 
place  of  feed.  It  will  not,  but  it  will 
give  a  hog  capable  of  making  more 
pork  out  of  extra  feed. 


Breeding  Shetland  Ponies. 

I  have  an  opportunity  to  obtain  a  small 
herd  (six  or  seven  head)  of  purebred  regis¬ 
tered  Shetland  ponies,  all  of  them  colts 
under  six  months  old,  at  a  price  of  $60  to 
$70  each.  Do  you  think  it  would  pay  a 
man  to  buy  these  and  raise  them  for  sale? 
Would  there  be  a  market  for  them  in  the 
city,  and  about  what  price  could  I  expect 
to  get  for  them  at,  say  two  years,  and 
broken  to  harness?  I  have  a  large  farm  of 
225  acres,  about  ISO  acres  farm  land  and 
the  remainder  woodland,  and  do  not  believe 
they  would  cost  a  great  deal  more  than 
sheep,  but  the  market  is  the  main  thing.  I 
have  heard  of  them  selling  as  high  as  $175. 
Is  this  unusual  or  not?  A.  G.  z. 

Pennsylvania. 

R.  N.-Y. — There  is  without  doubt  a  good 
demand  for  Shetland  ponies.  We  have  one 
that  could  be  sold  easier  than  any  other 
horse  on  the  farm.  While  a  few  superior 
ponies  might  sell  at  $175,  the  majority 
would  go  for  about  half  that  figure.  The 
ponies  are  hardy  and  are  kept  like  sheep ; 
but,  like  all  dwarfs,  they  are  not  sure 
breeders.  Still,  we  think  the  business 
would  pay  with  a  careful  man  back  of  it. 


Kicking  Cows,  Bucking  Horses. 

I  see  in  your,  issue  of  October  7  a  rem¬ 
edy  for  a  kicking  cow.  I  have  a  New  Eng¬ 
land  Yankee  here  who  has  cured  a  kicking 
cow  by  a  most-  simple  method.  He  takes  a 


that  if  she  backed  it  would  touch  her  hind 
legs  just  above  the  knees.  She  has  forgot¬ 
ten  how  to  pull  now,  and|  has  given  no 
more  trouble.  h.  l.  howe. 

Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


O 


SES 


Having  Just  Arrived  from  tlie  New 
Yrork  State  Fair  with  a  Dot  of 

PREMIUM  HORSES 

We  are  now  ready  for  business  at  prices  never 
heard  of  before.  We  have  both  Imported  and 
Home-Bred  Registered 

PERCHERONS 

Prices— $350  to  $750  on  Mares,  according 
to  age,  weight  and  size. 
Stallions  from  $500  to  $3,000. 

These  prices  include  the  Great  Stallion  NOGEN- 
TAIS,  winning  first  with  three  of  his  get;  also  the 
5-year-old  Stallion  ROUGE,  winning  the  4-year-old 
and  over  class  with  14  animals  in  the  ring. 

We  have  on  hand  in  all  about  SIXTY  HEAD 
Don’t  wait  to  write— come  and  see  us  at  once.  No 
peaches  and  cream,  but  plenty  of  plums,  and  plumb 
good  ones. 

I).  J.  GRINDELL,  Kenton,  Ohio 

Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
at  farmers'  prices.  A  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown.  O, 

POM  F.S— Spotted  &  solid  col  ore.  Brood  mares.  Best  paying 
stock  kept  on  farm.  Sherman  Sanford,  Seymour,  Conn., 

STALLION  FOR  SALE  OR  TRADE. 

KUSHIBO,  Trotting  Stallion,  a  first-class  siring 
son  of  Kremlin,  is  offered  for  sale  for  $500,  or  will 
trade  for  a  first-class  “roadster  automobile.”  This 
stallion  has  a  mark  of  2.08,  is  pronounced  sound 
by  Dr.  Edward  Moore  of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  is  guaran¬ 
teed  fearless,  kind  and  gentle  in  all  harness,  and 
has  never  hurt  a  fly.  Particulars  by  letter. 

R.  B.  ANDERSON, 

Maple  Hurst  Stoek  Farms,  Guilford,  Conn. 


T  HAVE  just 
A-  arrived 
f  rom  Belgium, 

France  and 
Ger m  a  n  y , 
where  I  pur¬ 
chased  an  ex¬ 
tra  line  lot  of 

STALLIONS  * 
and  MARES 

of  the  differ¬ 
ent  breeds, 
which  will  ar¬ 
rive  at  the 

Sharon  Valley  Stock  Farm, 

Newark,  Ohio, 

in  the  next  ten  days.  Will  be  glad  to  welcome  any 
customers  to  the  farm.  Will  also  exhibit  at  all  the 
leading  fairs  in  Ohio,  Pennsylvania  and  West  Vir¬ 
ginia,  where  I  will  be  glad  to  meet  friends  and 

customers.  Col.  G.  W.  CRAWFORD. 


Purebred  Registered 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

You  cannot  sell  milk  at  a  profit  unless  you  cut 
your  production  costs  by  keeping  cows  that  will 
average  7,000  lbs.  per  year  and  upwards. 

Now  that  the  agricultural  colleges  and  state 
experiment  stations  have  begun  to  test  the  different 
breeds,  we  can  supply  facts  and  figures  that  will  satisfy 
any  open-minded  business  man  that  for  every  purpose, 
the  Holstein  is  the  most  profitable  dairy  breed. 

Send  for  our  free  literature. 

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN  ASS’N,  F.  L.  HOUGHTON,  Sec’y.  Box  105  Brattleboro,  Vt. 


I  T  Y 


qua: 

FOR  SALE-THREE  HIGH  BRED  YOUNG  JERSEY  BULLS,  ALL 
OUT  OF  REGISTER  OF  MERIT  COWS 

Dam  of  No.  1,  8128.3  lbs.  milk  in  286  days, 

testing  527  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 
Dam  of  No.  2,  11265.3  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

testing  701  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 
Dam  of  No.  3,  12840.6  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

testing  803  ibs.  8  oz.  butter 
We  also  have  a  nice  bunch  of  bred  heifers  due  to  calve 
this  Fall  and  early  Winter.  Write  for  description 
ami  prices,  or  better  yet  come  and  see  them,  visitors 
always  welcome.  E.W.  Mosher,“Briohtside,”  Aurora,  N.Y. 

Breeds  the  cattle 
that  most  eco¬ 
nomically  turn  farm  produce  into  money — 
JERSEYS,  and  t lie  swine  that  do  the  same 
thing— BERKSHIRES.  Which  do  YOU  want  ? 
J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 

Breed  Up-Not  Dowir^STLSK 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  It.  F 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


LAUREL  FARM 


SWI3XTE 


AYR3HIRES  — Bull  Calves 

Choice  Individuals 
R.  TEMPLETON  &  SON,  ULSTER,  PA. 

FLORHAM  GUERNSEYS .... 

Several  Yearling  Bulls  for  sale  at  very  moderate 
prices.  Pedigrees  and  photographs  furnished. 

J.  J,.  HOPE  Madison,  New  .Jersey 

LWiflli  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  GORTELVOU.  Somerville  N.  J. 

DE  K0L  BURKE  BLOOD. 

Will  sell  ONTARIO  COUNT  DE  KOL,  Holstein 
Bull,  half  white,  bor  i  April  25th,  by  America  De 
Kol  Burke,  out  of  Bettina  De  Kol.  Bargain  at  $75, 
f.  o.  b.  CLOVERDALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

FOR  SALE:  OUR  ENTIRE  DAIRY 

FIFTY  HIGH-GRADE  HOLSTEIN  COWS 
THIRTY  SPRINGERS  abso  THREE 
GRAND  YOUNG  PERCHERON  STALLIONS. 

JONES  BROS.  Dayton.  N.  Y. 

SHELDONCROFT 

J.  T.  RUSSELL,  Prop.  CHAS.  B.  DAYTON,  Supt. 

SILVER  LAKE,  Susq.  Co.,  Pa. 

Pure  Bred  Jersey  Cattle.  Berkshire  Swine. 

Purolra  Ctnolr  Farm- Registered  Jersey  Bulls 
LUlGnd  0 1 U  Li  IV  I  d  I  III  and  Heifers,  6  monthsto  2 
years  old.  Chester  White,  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  Pups  and  a  variety 
Of  poultry.  Send  two-cent  stamp  for  circular. 
_ EDWARD  WALTER.  West  Chester.  Pa. 

MEADOW  BROOK  GUERNSEYS 

Several  Bull  Calves  from  one  to  nine  months  old, 
from  dams  and  sires  that  are  prize  winners  and 
large  producers.  If  you  want  quality  and  quantity 
write  us  for  full  particulars.  Address  SUPT., 
Meadow  Brook  Farm,  Bernardsville,  N.  J. 

MiTLr  PrnHirrprc  f°r  New  York  City  market 
lulln.  riUUUbClo  desiring  information  how  to 

form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League;  write  to 
tlie  Secretary  Abbekt  Manning,  Otisville,  N.  Y. 

CIIl  HENGEBVELD- Grand  Son-Born  last 
^  December.  For  sale  or  exchange  for  good 
Heifer  Calf.  Write  P.  A.  Webster,  Cazenovia,  N.Y. 


JERSEY  HEID  PIGS 

Have  many  superior  qualities:  Small  frames,  but  lay  on 
flesh  fast;  long-bodied,  good  natured,  easy  keepers.  Sows 
have  large  litters  and  do  not  kill  pigs  at  farrowing.  I’igs 
grow  fast — produce  350  lbs.  pork  at  9  months.  Nothing 
slow  about  this  breed — quick  money-makex-s.  Have  some 
extra  fine  offerings  now  at  special  prices.  My  reputation 
as  a  successful  breeder  back  of  every  sale.  Write  me  today. 
ARTHUR  J.  COLLINS,  Box  R,  Moorcstown,  New  Jersey 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  higiiest  quality  and  breeding, 

...  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  ,  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


Reg.  P.  Chinas,  Berkshires,  C.  Whites. 


Fine,  Jarge  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 
Pups,  Beagles  and  Poultry.  Write  fox 


prices  &  circulars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Ercildoun  Pa. 


SPRINGBANK 


BERKSHIRES.-?^ 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Piuprictor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 

CHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex . 
v  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BAUNKS.  Oxford,  N.  Y. 

DUROC  PIGS,  SG.  Growthy,  Pedigreed  Angora  kit¬ 
tens,  $3.50  each.  Sereno  Weeks,  DeGraff,  Ohio. 

HESTER  WHITES— A  few  Choice  Registered  BOARS 
for  salo.  EUGENE  T.  BLACK,  Scio,  N.  Y. 

For  Sale-Registered  Cheshire  Whites 

Six  weeks  old  Sows  and  Barrows,  $7.00  to  $8.00 

Eight .  “  8.00  to  9.00 

Yearling  Sows,  bred  to  our  celebrated  Boar,  $20  00 
to  $25.00.  G.  JASON  WATERS,  Fair  Acre  Farm, 
R.  F.  D.  42,  Noewabk,  Conn. 


BELTED  HAMPSHIRE  SWINE 


WELL  MARKED  PICS 


CHAS.  STEWART  DAVISON 
60  Wall  St.,  New  York  City 


SIIEE 


30 


Registered  Shropshire  EWES  for  sale.  Also 
yearling  RAMS.  H.  B.  Covekt,  Lodi,  N.  Y. 


REGISTERED  SHROPSHIRE  RAMS  Jttfcffij 

Yeoman.  FRED.  VAN  YLEET,  Lodi,  N.  Y. 

DAMC  UriD  C  A  I  U— Registered  Shropshire 
KAMd  rUK  oALL  yearlings  and  two-year- 
olds.  Also,  one  four-year-old  Hanmer  Ram  and 
some  nice  Ram  Lambs.  E.  E.  StevensS  Son, Wilson,  N.Y. 

FOR  SALE  RAMBOUILLET  RAMS 

J.  P.  TUCK,  Manager,  Elm  Place,  Avon,  N.  Y. 

Snowcroft  Hampshire  Downs 

150  Rams  and  Ewes  from  best  English  Foundation 
stock.  All  shipments  guaranteed  as  described. 

DR.  S.  F.  SNOW.  713  University  Block,  SYRACUSE.  N.  Y. 

IF  YOU  WANT 

SHROPSHIRE  orSOUTHDOWN  SHEEP 

of  tlie  best  breeding  and  quality,  write  the 
NIAGARA  STOCK  FARM,  J.  C,  Duncan,  Mgr., 
Lewiston,  N.  Y. 

Uirui  ANn  !7APM0flers  S0lne  Choice 

niUnLAllU  TAIVlYl  Shropshires— yearlings 
and  lambs  Of  either  sex.  Bred  for  type  and 
quality.  VV  ■  F.  BLACK.  Hall,  N.Y. 


nilRnnC  THE  BIG.  deep  FELLOWS 

UUnUUO  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  ali  times. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 

FASHIONABLY  BRED  BERKSHIRES 

A  few  Spring  and  Summer  PIGS  for  sale  at  rea¬ 
sonable  prices.  Du.  J.  R.  ALLEN,  Orwell,  N.  Y. 

Large  Berkshires  at  Highwood 

.  Regular  Fall  offering  of  Service  Boars  and 
of  young  Pigs  in  pairs  and  trios,  not  akin. 

B.  C.  &  H.  B.  Harpending,  Dundee,  N.  Y. 

M  eadow  Brook  Berkshires 

Grand  Fall  Offering  of  large  and  vigorous  breed¬ 
ers,  both  sexes,  no  akin,  all  ages.  Also  young 
PIGS  in  pairs  and  trios.  This  stock  represents 
English  and  American  best  strain.  Prices  moder¬ 
ate.  Quality  guaranteed.  Your  address  will  secure 
full  description  and  prices.  Address  SUPT.. 
Meadow  Brook  Farm,  Bernardsville,  N.  J. 

'J'HOROUGHBRED  CHESTER  WHITE  FALL 
PIGS  and  a  two-year-old  registered  BOAR 
For  Sale.  C.  Henry  Pease,  Mapleton,  Cayuga  Co.,  N.  Y. 

PUCCUIRCC — Both  sex.  All  apes.  The  quality 
OnConinCO  herd.  G.  E.  SMITH,  Castile,  N.Y. 


DOGS 


COLLIE  pjj  p^— From  imported  stock.  Females 


I  cheap.  Nelson  Bros.  Grove  City,  Pa. 


FOR  S  A  1.  E 


Thoroughbred  Female  Rabbit  Hound  Beagle 

S15;  Pups,  S3  and  55.  H.  BUZZEE,  Westfield,  Mass. 

UnilMn  Dll  DC— American  Foxhound  and  Beagle 

1IUUI1U  rUlO  Cross.  OnontaFarm,  Portland,  Conn. 

FOR  SALE — Choice  pure-bred  Rams— Shropshires, 
Hnmpshires  and  Southdowns  (yearlings  &  lambs) 
at  prices  in  accordance  to  tlie  times.  Correspond¬ 
ence  invited.  C.  0.  Pattridge,  Cold  Spring  Farm,  Perry,  N.Y. 


1911. 


1060 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — Prison  for  life  was  the 
sentence  imposed  by  a  jury  in  Judge 
Honore’s  court  at  Chicago  October  12  upon 
Giuseppe  and  Carmello  Nicolosi,  brothers, 
after  they  had  been  found  guilty  of  kidnap¬ 
ping  five-year-old  Angelo  Marino.  Mrs. 
Cologera  Nicolosi,  wife  of  Carmello,  also 
was  found  guilty  and  her  punishment  was 
fixed  at  seven  years  in  the  penitentiary. 

By  overcoming  an  adverse  majority  of 
16,000  in  San  Francisco  and  Oakland  the 
voters  of  the  country  districts  of  California 
have  given  a  victory  to  the  cause  of  woman 
suffrage  by  a  margin  of  something  more 
than  3,000.  Nearly  every  agricultural 
county  was  carried  by  the  women,  and  al¬ 
though  the  majorities  were  not  large  they 
rolled  up  a  total  that  wiped  out  the  anti¬ 
suffrage  majority  in  San  Francisco.  All 
the  proposed  amendments  carried  and  the 
recall  got  the  banner  majority  of  over  100,- 
000,  with  the  initiative  second  in  favor. 

Fourteen  are  known  to  have  met  death 
in  Guayamas  in  the  tidal  wave  which  swept 
the  Mexican  seaport  the  first  week  in  Oc¬ 
tober.  The  water  came  over  the  sea  wall 
into  the  town  and  rose  to  a  height  of  sev¬ 
eral  feet  as  far  as  three  blocks  back  from 
the  sea  wall,  while  it  covered  to  a  depth 
of  several  inches  almost  all  the  city.  The 
property  loss  is  estimated  at  $1,000,000,  in 
addition  to  the  heavy  loss  of  the  Southern 
Facific.  Eighteen  persons  were  killed  by 
the  storm  on  the  western  coast  of  the  State 
of  Sonora,  Mexico.  Santa  Rosalia,  with 
5,000  people,  was  for  five  days  without 
water  except  a  scant  supply  sent  irregul- 
larl.v  from  Guayamas.  Food  supplies  were 
short.  One  mining  property  suffered  dam¬ 
age  estimated  at  $2,000,000. 

Judge  Foster  in  New  York  General  Ses¬ 
sions  October  13  sentenced  Antonio  Cenig- 
lia  of  177  Chystie  street,  who  had  pleaded 
guilty  to  violation  of  the  dangerous  weapons 
law,  to  seven  years  in  Sing  Sing.  lie  was 
arrested  September  24  for  carrying  a  pis¬ 
tol.  Seven  years  is  the  maximum  sentence 
for  that  offense.  It  was  asserted  that 
Ceniglia  was  active  in  a  band  of  black¬ 
mailers,  hence  the  severity  of  his  sentence. 

The  power  schooner  Bender  Brothers,  from 
Nome  and  the  Kuskokwill  River,  passed  in 
October  14  at  Cape  Flattery,  disabled,  with 
more  than  65  persons  on  board  starving. 
The  gasolene  engine  blew  up  nine  days  be¬ 
fore  when  the  schooner  was  180  miles  off 
the  cape. 

John  R.  Walsh,  the  former  Chicago  bank¬ 
er,  was  released  on  parole  from  the  Federal 
penitentiary  at  Leavenworth,  Kan.,  October 
14.  Walsh  had  served  one  year,  eight 
months  and  26  days  of  his  five-year  sen¬ 
tence.  He  was  indicted  at  Chicago  in 
January,  1908,  on  150  counts  alleging  mis¬ 
application  of  the  funds  of  the  Chicago 
Bank,  of  which  he  was  president,  for  pro¬ 
motion  of  private  enterprises.  He  was  sen¬ 
tenced  to  five  years  on  each  of  the  54 
counts  on  which  he  was  convicted,  and  en¬ 
tered  the  penitentiary  in  January,  1910.  His 
case  was  one  of  the  most  important  in  the 
country.  In  some  form  his  rights  have 
been  in  question  before  the  Federal  gov¬ 
ernment  almost  ever  since  his  conviction. 

A  cyclone  which  struck  Ben  Davis,  a  vil¬ 
lage  near  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  October  14, 
wrecked  13  homes  and  stores,  injured  four 
persons,  one  probably  fatally,  and  caused 
damage  estimated  at  $50,000.  Houses  were 
blown  from  their  foundations,  and  one  was 
picked  up,  carried  nearly  200  feet  and 
hurled  into  the  side  of  a  brick  building. 
Nearly  every  building  in  the  town  was  dam¬ 
aged.  Veedersburg  and  Waynetown,  Ind., 
also  were  damaged  by  the  cyclone.  A  cy¬ 
clone  struck  the  town  of  Hillsboro,  Ind.,  the 
same  day.  and  all  but  wiped  it  from  the 
map.  The  property  damage  is  said  to 
amount  to  $100,000.  The  streets  of  Hills¬ 
boro  were  crowded  with  Saturday  shoppers 
when  the  cyclone  struck  it. 

October  16  a  watchman  employed  by  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad  found  two  mines, 
containing  39  sticks  of  dynamite,  under  the 
Fairtan  viaduct,  20  miles  from  Santa  Bar¬ 
bara,  Cal.,  over  which  President’s  Taft’s  spe¬ 
cial  train  was  to  pass.  It  is  not  known 
whether  an  attempt  was  being  made  against 
the  President’s  life  or  whether  it  was  an 
effort  to  discredit  the  railroad,  which  has 
been  concerned  in  many  labor  difficulties. 

For  the  first  time  in  many  years  a  mer¬ 
chant,  who  violated  the  pure  food  laws, 
was  sent  to  prison  October  16,  when  Jus¬ 
tices  Zeller,  Mayo  and  Ryan  in  New  York 
Special  Sessions  sentenced  Wolf  Eisen,  a 
grocer  at  11  Clinton  street,  to  30  days  in  a 
cell  when  he  pleaded  guilty  to  having 
cream  in  his  store  containing  gelatine.  He 
admitted  he  had  been  convicted  of  the  same 
offense  four  times,  the  last  time  being  fined 
$150.  The  court  gave  warning  that  here¬ 
after  a  second  offense  against  the  pure  food 
law  will  be  punished  with  imprisonment,  as 
offenders  seem  to  take  fines  as  a  joke. 

The  Canadian  Pacific  steamship  Princess 
Beatrice,  running  between  Vancouver, 
Prince  Rupert,  and  the  northern  canneries, 
struck  on  Noble  Island  October  15,  and  was 
fast  on  the  rocks  |  Three  hundred  passen¬ 
gers,  200  of  whom  were  Chinese  being 
brought  south  from  the  canneries,  were 
taken  off  by  the  steamship  Venture  and 
landed  at  Alert  Bay.  No  one  was  injured. 
Large  holes  were  stove  in  the  bow  and 
her  forward  hold  filled  with  water.  When 
the  vessel  struck  the  passengers  were 
ta*£n  into  the  small  boats  and  transferred 
without  mishap  to  the  Venture. 

Giuseppe  Costabile,  the  little  Calabrian 
known  and  feared  on  the  lower  East  Side 
as  the  Fox,  was  sentenced  by  Judge  Foster 
in  New  York  General  Sessions  October  17  to 
from  three  and  a  half  to  seven  years  in 
ng-  Costabile  was  convicted  under 
the  dangerous  weapons  law.  He  was  car¬ 
rying  a  bomb  under  his  coat  when  arrested. 

Washington  L.  Capps,  former  chief  con¬ 
structor  of  the  navy,  has  submitted  a  report 
to  .Secretary  Meyer  tending  to  corroborate 
the  opinion  Of  the  court  of  inquiry  that 
the  battleship  Maine  was  destroyed  in 


THE  RURAL,  NEW»YORKEE 


Havana  harbor  by  ail  external  explosion. 
Mr.  Capps  was  sent  to  Havana  by  Secretary 
Meyer  to  identify  certain  parts  of  the  wreck¬ 
age  which  had  been  exposed  through  the 
lowering  of  the  water  in  the  cofferdam  sur¬ 
rounding  the  Maine. 

NATIONAL  FARMERS’  CONGRESS.— 
The  conversion  of  the  National  Farmers’ 
Congress  into  a  national  country  life  fed¬ 
eration,  modelled  somewhat  after  the  plan 
of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor,  was 
proposed  October  13  by  Willet  M.  Hays, 
Assistant  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  in  an 
address  before  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
congress  at  Columbus,  Ohio.  Mr.  Hays’s 
plan  contemplates  a  body  made  up  of  dele¬ 
gates  from  all  State  federations  and  far¬ 
mers’  associations,  together  with  representa¬ 
tives  of  colleges,  experiment  stations  and 
national  organizations  in  any  way  asso¬ 
ciated  with  the  improvement  of  conditions 
of  farm  living.  Closer  organization  of  the 
farmers  for  the  purpose  of  eliminating  un¬ 
earned  profits  and  putting  the  producer  and 
the  consumer  nearer  together  was  advanced 
as  the  only  possible  solution  of  the  high 
cost  of  living  problem.  Emphatic  appeal 
was  made  by  many  delegates  for  the  adop¬ 
tion  of  resolutions  memorializing  Congress 
to  provide  a  parcels  post  and  to  establish 
a  federal  good  roads  bureau.  Strong  de¬ 
nunciation  was  made  of  tariff  abuses,  and 
a  movement  was  started  to  have  Congress 
take  action  against  the  tariff  commission. 
In  his  annual  address  President  Strange 
left  the  impression  that  President  Taft  had 
broken  his  word  with  the  farmers’  associa¬ 
tion  in  calling  a  special  session  of  Congress 
to  pass  the  reciprocity  measure.  He  termed 
It  a  “dead  issue’’  and  was  heartily  cheered. 
He  praised  Dr.  Wiley  and  declared  conserva- 
tion  of  manhood  and  womanhood  the  great¬ 
est  conservation  issue.  He  deplored  the  loss 
of  rural  population  to  the  urban  centres. 


Ration  For  Cows  and  Hens. 

1.  Will  you  give  me  a  balanced  ration 
for  cows,  average  weight  950  pounds,  with 
silage  and  Timothy  hay?  Will  it  be  about 
right  to  feed  one  pound  to  three  pounds 
of  milk.  Babcock  test  average  3.50?  Corn, 
$1.50  per  100;  oats  $1.45  per  100;  mixed 
feed,  $1.55;  wheat  $2;  bran  $1.50;  gluten 
JUdo ;  red  dog,  $1.85 ;  cotton-seed  meal 
$1.80.  2.  I  have  50  pullets  just  starting 

to  lay.  What  is  the  best  food  for  them? 

New  Hampshire.  s.  w. 

1-  Under  ordinary  conditions  we  do  not 
like  to  feed  a  cow  more  than  two  pounds 
of  cotton-seed  meal  per  day,  but  to  make 
a  properly  balanced  ration  from  the  feeds 
you  mention  requires  three  pounds  of  this 
feed,  which  should  he  mixed  in  the  ration 
according  to  the  following  formula: 

Feeding  Stuff, 


4  lbs.  wheat 


Digestible 

Dry 

Pro- 

Carbs. 

matter  tela  and  fat 

.36 

5.16 

.6.09 

.196 

3.255 

.2.67 

.276 

1.704 

.3.52 

.488 

1.812 

1.2.76 

1.116 

1.332 

23.44 

2.436 

13.263 

Nutritive  ration  1 :5.4. 

You  will  notice  that  this  ration  doe« 
not  contain  any  eornmeal  or  gluten,  be¬ 
cause  it  carries  the  maximum  amount  of 
cotton-seed  which  it  is  safe  to  feed,  and 
the  addition  of  much  more  heavy  concen¬ 
trated  feed  would  no  doubt  bring  on  seri¬ 
ous  udder  trouble  with  many  off  your 
cows,  as  it  has  done  in  many  other  cases. 
If  you  could  get  dried  brewers’  or  dis¬ 
tillers’  grains  to  feed  instead  of  the  wheat 
bran  you  could  reduce  the  cotton  seed  to 
two  pounds  and  you  would  have  a  better 
and  safer  ration. 

In  regard  to  the  amount  of  grain  to  feed 
for  a  certain  amount  of  milk  this  depends 
largely  upon  conditions,  the  breed  of  cows 
you  are  keeping  and  the  amount  of  milk 
they  are  giving.  If  they  aTe  all  fresh 
and  giving  about  15  quarts  per  day,  aver¬ 
age,  and  are  bred  for  milk  production,  one 
pound  of  grain  should  be  sufficient  to  pro¬ 
duce  three  pounds  of  milk;  but  if  you 
have  Jerseys  or  some  of  the  small  milk¬ 
ing  breeds  which  have  been  in  lactation 
for  a  long  period  of  time,  one  pound  of 
grain  will  probably  not  produce  more  than 
2y2  pounds  of  milk.  The  two  ready- mixed 
rations  which  you  mention  are  both  good 
feeds,  but  to  feed  with  silage  and  Tim¬ 
othy  hay  you  should  add  a  pouDd  or  pound 
and  a  half  of  cotton-seed  meal  per  day 
for  each  coft. 

2.  A  good  method  of  feeding  your  50 
pullets  is  to  keep  a  dry  mash  of  wheat 
bran,  eornmeal,  wheat  middlings,  ground 
oats,  and  beef  scrap  before  them  all  the 
time.  Give  a  mixture  of  two-thirds  cracked 
corn  and  one-third  whole  wheat  in  deep 
litter  once  or  twice  a  day.  Keep  before 
them  all.  the  time  in  separate  hoppers 
beefscrap,  grit,  charcoal  and  crushed  oyster 
shells.  Also  provide  plenty  of  clean  fresh 
water  and  some  kind  of  green  food  if  you 
expect  to  get  very  good  results.  Keep 
your  birds  clean  and  free  from  lice  and 
mites.  You  should  also  have  a  copy  of 
"The  Business  Hen”  and  study  its  teaoh- 
ln«s*  C.  3.  G. 

Death  of  Cow. 

What  was  the  matter  with  my  neighbor’s 
cow?  She  became  sick  on  Saturday  and 
died  Friday  night  following.  She  failed 
rapidly  in  her  milk,  would  not  eat  nor 
drink,  stood  all  the  time,  did  not  lie  down 
until  a  few  hours  before  she  died ;  slob¬ 
bered  profusely  all  the  while ;  did  not 
become  distended  but  on  tbe  contrary  very 
lank.  We  gave  her  physic  and  also  an 
injection  but  got  no  action.  She  died  in 
great  agony.  We  suspect  that  she  was  bitten 
by  a  mad  dog,  as  they  were  very  numer¬ 
ous  in  the  neighborhood.  She  showed 
great  anger  if  a  dog  came  near  while  she 
was  sick.  E.  K.  j. 

I.ewisburg,  W.  Va. 

We  are  unable  to  say  what  killed  the 
<*ow,  but  the  fact  that  she  stood  all  the 
time  and  had  no  passage  of  the  bowels 
would  indicate  that  there  was  impaction  of 
the  third  stomach.  Had  she  been  rabid 
she  would  not  have  stood  still  and  would 
have  gone  down  paralyzed  a  considerable 
time  before  death.  a  s  a 


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Do  you  still  cling  to 
the  old  wheelbarrow 
method  of  hauling  out  litter  and  hauling  in  feed? 
Are  you  still  using  the  hitching  post  or  the  old  fashioned  stall  and 
stanchion?  These  methods  cost  money  —  nearly  enough  each  season 
to  pay  for  modern  barn  equipment. 


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you  wish  at  no  extra  cost.  Star  Stalls 
have  only  practical  alignment  fea¬ 
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—  no  lying  in  gutters.  Quickest  and 

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removes  the  cause.  Prevents  and  cures  Indigestion, 
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bills.  All  good  druggists  or  by  mail. 

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Warning! 


Save  Your  Little  Pigs 


Em 


From  Deadly  Worms  and  Diseases 

If  you  want  healthy  litters  of  pigs  like  these  you  must  keep  them  free 
from  worms.  Even  three  weeks  old  pigs  are  often  found  loaded  with 
these  deadly  pests.  Their  growth  is  stunted.  They  cannot  put  on  money¬ 
making  fat.  They  become  easy  victims  of  hog  cholera  and  other  destruct¬ 
ive  contagious  diseases ;  not  only  that,  bu  worms  rob  both  old  hogs 
and  young  pigs  of  their  feed,  sap  their  vitality,  steal  away  your  profits 
every  hour  they  are  allowed  to  infest  your  herd.  Stop  this  costly  loss  with 


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I11;  condition.  You  do  not  have  to  ‘dose’*  with  Sal-Vet.  No  dronchinK-iio^^o* 

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do  all  I  claim,  theu  you  needn’t  pay  me  one  cent.  Send  now. 

Send  No  Money— Just  This  Count 

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Prices:  401be.,»2.25;  100 1U..  *5. 00;  200  lbe  .S9.00,  300  S  S&jaS  S  j/1. 

$13.00;  GOO  lb*..  $21. 12.  No  order  filled  for  less  tip  a  40  lbe  (4D  '** 


1060 


TH  EC  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


October  28, 


The  Henyard. 


\  Long  Island  Henhouse. 

Will  you  advise  us  as  to  planning  the 
brooding,  breeding  and  laying  houses  on  a 
lot  80x100,  building  line  to  extend  across 
the  narrow  part?  The  style  of  house  we 
have  in  mind  is  open  front,  15  feet  deep, 
by  13-  five  feet  high  in  front,  3y2  feet 
back.  This  is  high  enough  for  chickens. 
We  wish  to  keep  a  permanent  flock  of  200 
and  breed  for  eggs  and  meat.  What  pro¬ 
portion  of  building  space  for  brooding,  in 
all,  say,  1.000  chicks?  A.  C. 

Long  Island. 

The  house  you  suggest  is  too  low  for 
convenience  and  will  not  permit  the  sun  s 
rays  to  reach  far  enough  into  the  house. 
The  chief  points  to  be  considered  in  con¬ 
structing  poultry  houses  are  location,  ca¬ 
pacity,  style  of  house  and  cost  of  construc¬ 
tion.  Laying  or  brooding  houses  should  be 
drv  well  lighted  and  comfortable.  To  ob¬ 
tain  these  conditions  choose  a  well  drained 
location  with  a  southern  exposure  if  possi¬ 
ble  Properly  constructed  houses  faced  to 
the  south  get  the  greatest  exposure  to  the 
sun’s  rays.  An  eastern  exposure  is  prefer¬ 
able  to  a  western  exposure.  The  capacity 
and  style  of  building  to  construct  depends 
greatly  upon  the  location.  When  the  build¬ 
ing  area  is  limited  as  in  the  above-named 
case  the  continuous  house  is  preferred  to 
the  colony  plan  for  laying  hens.  At  least 
three  to  four  square  feet  floor  space  per 
hen  should  be  allowed.  Therefore  a  flock  of 
200  hens  would  require  000  to  800  square 
feet  floor  space.  If  the  building  line  is  to 
extend  across  the  narrow  part  of  the  lot  it 
will  be  be.st  to  make  the  laying  house  as 
short  as  possible.  For  this  reason  the 
writer  would  advise  M.  A.  P.  to  construct  a 
shed-roof  house  20  feet  wide  by  40  feet  long, 
nine  feet  high  in  front  and  four  feet  six 
Inches  high  in  back.  This  will  give  ample 
floor  space  and  leave  a  building  line  40  feet 
long  for  brooder  houses.  The  building  may 
be  divided,  making  two  pens  20  feet  square. 
After  laying  the  foundation  the  building 
space  may  be  filled  in  with  gravel  to  about 
six  inches  above  the  highest  point  of  land 
to  afford  good  drainage.  Use  either  board 
or  cement  floor.  Cement  or  concrete  floors 
give  excellent  satisfaction  provided  the 
land  is  well  drained.  „  .  ,  , 

There  should  be  one  square  foot  of  glass 
surface  to  every  16  square  feet  floor  space, 
making  25  square  feet  glass  surface  to  each 
pen.  This  amount  of  glass  will  give  the 
best  satisfaction  if  divided,  making  two 
windows  in  each  pen.  Place  the  windows 
in  the  front  of  building  about  10  feet  apart, 
with  the  top  of  each  window  one  foot  be¬ 
low  the  roof  boards.  In  addition  to  the 
glass  windows  one  square  foot  of  muslin 
curtain  to  everv  13  souare  feet  of  floor 
space  is  desirable.  Two  curtains,  each 
three  feet  by  five  feet,  will  fit  nicely  be¬ 
tween  the  glass  windows.  They  should  be 
hinged  at  the  top  and  fastened  up  in  the 
house  when  the  weather  will  permit.  In 
hot  weather  the  curtains  may  be  moved 
to  the  outside  of  opening  and  used  as 
sunshades. 

The  pens  should  be  separated  with  a 
solid  board  partition  extending  to  the  cen¬ 
ter  of  the  building.  This  will  protect  the 
fowls  from  draughts  and  help  support  the 
roof  Wire  netting  may  he  used  to  make 
the  other  half  of  partition.  Koosts  should 
be  placed  along  the  back  of  the  building. 
Allow  six  to  eight  linear  inches  per  hen 
end  nlace  the  roosts  about  12  inches  apart. 
Underneath  the  roosts,  which  should  be 
portable,  build  a  platform  of  tight  boards 
This  platform  saves  labor  in  cleaning,  and 
is  much  more  sanitary  than  to  permit  the 
droppings  to  collect  in  the  litter.  The 
nests  should  he  14  or  15  inches  square 
and  six  inches  deep.  They  may  be  placed 
underneath  the  dropping  boards  or  along 
the  partition.  Nests  should  be  so  constructed 
that  cleaning  and  egg  gathering  may  be 
done  with  comparative  ease.  Provide  a 
broody  coop  for  each  pen  in  which  to  place 
either  setting  hens  or  extra  males.  There 
should  be  a  door  in  eacli  end  of  the  building 
about  10  feet  from  the  back.  A  building 
of  this  style  and  capacity  should  not  cost 
over  $1  per  hen  in  your  locality. 

As  to  brooder  houses,  use  the  colony 
house  system  ;  you  will  find  it  much  more 
satisfactory  on  your  lot  than  a  long  brooder 
house.  The  New  York  State  gasoline  heated 
colony  house  is  giving  good  satisfaction. 
This  house  is  eight  feet  square  and  will  ac¬ 
commodate  200  chicks  to  broiler  age.  For 
particulars  write  to  the  Poultry  Depart¬ 
ment.  College  of  Agriculture,  Cornell  Uni¬ 
versity.  These  same  houses  may  be  fitted 
with  portable  hovers  should  you  desire  to 
do  so.  You  would  need  five  of  these  houses 
to  rear  1,000  chicks.  f.  t.  finch. 


Testing  New  York  Hens. 

The  Department  of  Poultry  Husbandry 
of  Cornell  University  has  completed  ar¬ 
rangements  whereby  a  poultry  testing  con¬ 
test  is  to  be  carried  on  for  a  term  of  years 
at  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  This  project  is  to  the 
poultry  men  precisely  what  Professor  Wing 
of  Cornell  is  trying  to  do  for  the  dairy¬ 
men,  through  the  cow-testing  stations  now 
being  conducted.  The  objects  of  this  com¬ 
petition  are  to  improve  the  quality  of  our 
poultry,  to  teach  the  proper  housing  and 
feeding  of  tlio  birds  for  the  best  results,  as 
well  as  to  determine  what  breed  or  breeds 
fire  particularly  adapted  for  farm  raising. 
It  is  the  intent  to  eliminate,  as  much  as 
possible,  any  advertising  feature  which 
might  be  connected  with  it  by  the  owners 
of  the  flocks.  During  the  competition  the 
owners’  names  will  be  withheld  and  only 
disclosed  at  the  termination  of  the  con¬ 
test. 

The  station  will  accept  entries  for  one 
or  two  years,  of  any  standard  variety  of 
poultry  bred  by  a  resident  of  New  York 
State,  an  entry  to  consist  of  10  females 
and  one  or  two  males,  and  may  be  entered 
at  the  owners’  discretion  for  the  long  or 
short  term.  All  hens  are  to  be  trap-nested 
and  minute  records  kept  of  what  each  hen 
has  done.  The  eggs  laid  during  the  breed¬ 
ing  season  will  be  incubated  by  the  testing 
station,  leg-banded  and  brooded  until  10 
weeks  of  age,  when  they  will  be  shipped  to 
the  owner  of  the  entry.  In  case  of  stock 
tested  for  meat  production  principally,  a 
record  will  be  kept  of  the  chicks  hatched. 


as  to  the  rate  of  growth,  size,  vigor  and  V 
economy  of  production.  This  latter  test, 
however,  is  not  to  be  undertaken  for  a 
year,  owing  to  the  lack  of  facilities. 

An  entry  fee  of  .$20  for  one  year  and  $40 
for  two  years  will  be  charged",  as  this  is 
the  only  available  money  at.  hand  to  con¬ 
duct  the  experiment.  All  expenses  are  to 
be  taken  from  these  fees,  and  at  the  end 
of  the  test  any  monies  left  are  to  be  divided 
pro  rata  among  the  contestants.  This  ex¬ 
periment  is  being  taken  up  solely  at  the 
risk  of  the  Poultry  Department  of  Cornel’., 
as  to  date  no  appropriation  has  been  made 
by  the  State  to  finance  the  plan.  However, 
an  effort  is  being  made  to  have  such  appro¬ 
priation  set  aside  by  the  State  that  the 
work  may  be  carried  on  more  extensively 
another  year.  At  present  only  a  very  lim¬ 
ited  number  of  'flocks  may  be  admitted,  but 
there  is  little  doubt,  if  the  experiment  is 
entered  into  with  enthusiasm,  that  the  work 
may  be  extended  in  the  near  future.  This 
plan,  while  practically  new  in  the  United 
States,  has  been  carried  on  extensively  in 
Australia  for  a  number  of  years  with  most 
gratifying  results,  and  we  look  forward  to 
results  every  bit  as  gratifying  and  instruct¬ 
ive  here.  Full  information  may  be  ac- 
ouired  by  writing  direct  to  the  station  at 
Ithaca  N.  Y.  c.  h.  s. 


Start  With  Three  Hens. 

I  have  been  reading  with  interest  the 
“Henyard”  items,  and  wish  to  add  my  ac¬ 
count.  Last  March  a  setting  P.  R.  hen 
was  given  to  me.  I  brought  her  home  in  a 
basket,  gave  her  a  setting  of  eggs  and  she 
went  to  work  in  earnest.  I  bought  three 
other  setting  hens :  one  of  them  I  reset. 
From  the  60  eggs  set  I  raised  22  cockerels, 
14  pullets.  I  only  lost  two  chickens  after 
the  hens  left  the  nests.  Many  of  the  eggs 
proved  infertile.  My  expense  account 

stands : 

3  hens  at  $1  each .  $3.00 

5  settings  of  eggs  at  $1  eacli .  5.00 

Feed  (with  enough  on  hand  for  this 

month)  .  15.70 

Total . $23.70 

Eggs. 

.Tune — 3  hens,  61  eggs  at  21  cents.  .  .  $1.07 
July — 4th  hen  began  laying  July  13, 

79  eggs  at  25  cents .  1.64 

August — 80  eggs  at  30  cents .  2.00 

September — 76  eggs  at  35  cents .  2.22 

$6.93 

September  26,  ate  I  cockerel,  3  lbs., 

at  20  cents  per  lb . 60 

Total .  $7.53 

I  have  on  hand  my  original  four  hens, 
with  35  fine,  sturdy  chicks,  most  of  them 
about  six  months  old.  The  hens  are  molt¬ 
ing  now  and  are  not  laying  as  well. 

Washington.  nettie  keakney. 

Gas  Tar  for  Lice. 

Here  is  a  mite  and  louse  preventive  that 
has  just  been  made  public  here,  that  seems 
too  good  a  thing  to  keep,  so  I  pass  it  long. 
For  years  one  of  our  druggists  has  been 
selling  a  spray  at  60  cents  per  gallon  to 
use  on  roosts  and  henhouse  walls.  At  our 
recent  State  fair  the  Lincoln  (Neb.)  Gas 
Co.  gave  the  whole  tiling  away.  It  seems 
that  in  the  manufacture  of  illuminating  gas 
there  is  a  by-product  called  gas  tar.  This 
gas  tar  is  now  offered  by  local  gas  com¬ 
panies  for  10  cents  per  gallon  in  barrel 
lots,  15  cents  per  single  gallon.  One  ap¬ 
plication  with  a  paint  brush  lasts  a  long 
time  and  means  total  and  complete  exile 
for  the  lice  and  mites.  That  is.  unless 
some  of  it  touches  them  :  in  that  case  it  is 
death.  It  is  also  an  excellent  wood  pre¬ 
servative.  Mixed  with  a  little  cement  it 
makes  a  good  iron  paint.  It  seems  to  bo 
a  cheap,  useful  and  lasting  article. 

Nebraska.  j.  h.  tubbs. 


Hens  as  Grain  Harvesters. 

We  have  12  acres  we  are  going  to  use 
exclusively  for  fruit,  largely  raspberries  and 
currants.  We  plan  to  cultivate  until  after 
picking,  then  to  sow  to  oats :  buckwheat 
and  rape  to  keep  down  the  weeds  and  save 
labor.  As  this  crop  matures  we  plan  to  put 
in  our  portable  coops  with  White  Leghorn 
chickens  and  let  them  do  tiie  harvesting 
and  leave  the  straw  on  the  ground.  These 
coops  are  furnished  with  a  drinking  foun¬ 
tain  and  hopper  of  corn  to  be  opened  at 
night  only.  Has  any  of  your  readers  ex¬ 
perimented  along  this  line?  F.  p.  co. 

Wayne  Co..  N.  Y. 

R.  N.-Y. — 1 This  seems  like  a  good  plan 
in  all  ways.  Can  anyone  give  a  record  of 
actual  experience? 


are  as  much  superior  to  other  sep¬ 
arators  as  other  separators  are  to 
gravity  setting  methods.  Why  go 
but  “half-way”  when  buying  a 
separator  ?  Why  not  insure  satis¬ 
faction  by  getting  a  DE  LAYAL  ? 

THE  DE  LAVAL  SEPARATOR  CO. 

165-167  BROADWAY, 

NEW  YORK. 


29  E.  MADISON  ST. 
CHICAGO. 


Pump  All  the  Wnter  You  Wnnt 

on  farm  or  estate  without  engine 
^troubles  or  expenso, 

with  an  auto^^^^^  ^  _ 

matic  Raises 

water  30 
feet  for  each 

ram  foot  of  fall— no 

trouble  or  pumping 
expense.  Booklet,  plans, 
estimate,  FREE. 

Rife  Engine  Co.,  2429  Trinity  Bldg.,  N.Y. 


A  DIPPING  TANK  OR  A  HOG  WALLOW 

WITH 

KRESO  DIP  N2.I 

WILL  DO  THE  WORK 

THERE  IS  NO  EXCUSE  FOR  LOUSY  MANGY 
UNTHRIFTY  PIGS.  IF  YOU  HAVE  SOME 
OF  THIS  KIND  YOU  WILL  FIND  IT  WORT! 
WHILE  TO  GET  OUR  CIRCULAR  ON 
TANKS  AND  WALLOWS.  IT  TELLS 
HOW  TO  MAKE  THEM  OF  CEMENT 

KRESO  DIP  N2I 

IS  A  REAL  NECESSITY 

ABOUT  ALL  LIVE  STOCK 
FOR  KILLING  LICE.TICKS, MITES, FLEAS. 
FOR  TREATING  SCAB, MANGE, RINGWORM. 

AND  OTHER  SKIN  DISEASES: 

TO  DISIN  FECT,  DEODORIZE, 
CLEANSE!  Sc  PURIFY. 

ALL  OF  THESE  USES  FULLY  DESCRIBED 
IN  OUR  BOOKLETS.  WRITE  FOR  COPIES 
ASK  YOUR  DRUCCIST  FOR  KRESO  DIP  NO.I 

PARKE, DAVIS  a  CO.. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY. 


DETROIT, 


MICH. 


Star  Grinders 


latter  stock 
make<  better  iced 
^more  profits 


Get  ground  feed  at  a  fraction  of  usual 
cost— grind  for  your  neighbors— earn 
price  of  machine.  Sweep  or  belt — 
fastest  grinders  made.  Guaranteed 
one  year.  Send  for  free  book  on 
how  to  feed,  prices,  etc. 

THE  STAR  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

13  Depot  St..  New  Lexington,  Ohio 


KJS:  “BULL  DOC 

TEH  DA  YS  FREE 

You  can  grind  80  bu.  grain  to  table 
meal  with  one  gal. of  gasoline.  1  set  of 
rollers  will  grind  f>000  bu.  of  cob  and 
corn.  "Bull  Dog"  grinding  rollers  are 
only  three  inches  in  diameter  which 
accounts  for  light  running,  Cet  our 
FREE  Catalogue  and  Samples.  Address 
LETZ  MFC.  COMPANY 
204  E.  Road,  Crown  Point,  Ind. 


COOK  YOUR  FEED  and  SAVE 
Half  the  Cost— with  the 

PROFIT  FARM  BOILER 


With  Dumping  Caldron.  Empties 
its  kettloin  one  minute.  Thesimpiesfc 
and  best  arrangement  for  cooking 
food  for  stock.  Also  make  Dairy  and 
Laundry  Stoves,  Water  and 
Steam  Jacket  Kettles,  Hog 
Scalders,  Caldrons.etc.  U^Send 
for  particulars  and  ask  for  circular  J 
D.  It.  SPERRY  &  00..  Batavia.  111. 

New  Facts  on  Hay  Presses 

We  have  just  issued  a  new  Free  book  on 
Hay  Presses.  Besides  facts  you  need  to 
know,  it  tells  about 
the  reliable,  reason¬ 
able-priced  Hendricks 
— the  Hay  Press  you 
t  have  seen  advertised 
for  years,  and  know 
JrS&d&.s  about.  Send  for  it. 

HENDRICKS  HAY  PRESS  CO.,  Cornell  ST..  Kingston,  N.  Y. 


POULTRYMEN 


05  and  Upward 

AMERICAN 


SEPARATOR 


FREE  TRIAL.  FULLY  GUARANTEED. 

Easy  running.  Easily  cleaned. 

_  _  Whether  dairy  is  large  or  small, 

obta  n  our  Handsome  free  catalog.  Address 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO.  ba.nbridge  s.v. 


MAKE  HENS  LAY 

By  feeding  raw  bone.  Its  egg-producing  value  Is  four 
times  that  of  grain.  Eggs  more  fertile,  chicks  more 
vigorous,  broilers  earlier,  fowls  heavier  . 
profits  larger. 

MANN’S  lmodel  Bone  Gutter 

Cuts  all  bone  with  adhering  meat  and 
gristle.  Nover  clogs.  10  Days'  Free  Trial. 

No  money  in  advance. 

Send  Today  for  Froo  Book. 

T,  W,  Mann  Co.,  Box  1 5,  Mlllord,  Mass. 

MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or"  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1811 

R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  CO.,  Peckskill,  N.Y. 

EVERY  LOUSY  HEN 

is  losing  real  money  for  you.  You  can’t 
expect  your  lice-infested  hens  to  havo 
vitality  enough  left  to  produce  eggs. 
Every  egg  you  DON’T  get  is  so  much 
money  lost.  Bulletin  No.  S3,  sent  free  to 
anyone,  tells  “  How  to  Keep  Vermin 
Away  Permanently,”  saving  monthly  ex¬ 
penses  for  Whitewash,  Kerosene,  Insect 
Powders,  Lice  Killers,  etc.  Write  us  today 
GARBOLINEUM  WOOD  PRESERVING  CO. 

1 81  Franklin  Street,  New  York  City 

INfTTR  ATIfYN- ' Our  hot  water  custom  hatch- 
11'1  LUDA  1 IV/ 11  jng  plant  was  so  successful 
last  season  that  wo  have  doubled  our  capacity, 
which  is  now  over  200,000  eggs.  East  year  we  had 
to  turn  away  over  1,000  eggs  a  day  for  a  period  of  4 
months,  as  our  Incubator  was  full.  Over  80  per 
cent  of  our  last  year’s  customers  have  already  en¬ 
gaged  space  in  our  Incubator  for  the  coming  sea¬ 
son.  Don’t  be  among  the  disappointed— engage 
your  space  now.  Our  Incubator"  starts  on  Jan.  2d. 
Write  for  prices  and  information  any  way. 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM 
JMillerton, _  New  York 

Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  May  return  at  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  602-  Filth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

THE  FARMER’S  FOWL-Rose  (lomb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 


Hone’s  Rose  Comb  Reds  and  Large,  vigorous  util- 
‘  ,  „  Tunvrvc  ity  and  exhibition 

Mammoth  Bronze  1  UKlLhla  birds,  bred  from  host 
selected  layers:  also  choice  yearling  breeders  at 
reasonable  prices,  quality  considered.  All  birds 
shipped  on  approval. 

0.  R.  HONE,  Crescent  Hill  Farm,  Sharon  Springs,  N.  Y. 


n  a  Dorn  pnrK'Q  white  rocks, 
dAKKLU  RUIAo  partridge  wyan 

DOTTES,  PARTRIDGE  COCHINS.  We  have  a 
fine  lot  of  voungsters.  Prize-winning  strain. 

MINCH  BROS.,  Route  3,  Kridgeton,  N.  J. 


‘QUPERB  STRAIN”  WHITE  WYANDOTTES— Selected  COCK- 
O  ERELS  for  breeding,  $2.00  and  $3.00  each,  this 
month.  If  they  don’t  ploase,  return  at  our  ex¬ 
pense.  OWNLAND  FARM,  Box  497,  South  Hammond,  N.  Y. 


Snow  White  Wyandottes  Thoroughbred 


lay.  Circular  free. 


r  and  bred  to 

Goldenrod  Farm  Stewartstown,  Pa 


rnnn  Single-Combed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 
OUUU  Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
wv/vw  Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 
right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  best  selections.  Largest  success¬ 
ful  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  Y'ork  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 


SINGLE  00MB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  and  Cock¬ 
erels:  any  quantity  at  attractive  prices:  bre<l-to-lay 
kind.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemmgton,  N.  J. 


CTERLING  STRAIN  S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS-Express  paid 
O  on  all  stock  purchased  in  October.  March.  April 
and  May  hatched  Cockerels — May  hatched  Pullets. 
Write  for  prices.  W.  Sterling  &  Son,  Cutchogue,  N.  Y. 


PULLETS  AND  YEARLING  HENS,  W.  Ct  B. 

Leghorns,  W.  Wyandottes,  from  80  cents  each 
up.  Write  for  just  what  you  want.  MAPLE 
COVE  POULTRY  YARDS,  R.  24,  Athens,  Pa. 


FARMS  WANTED 


List  Your 
Farm  with  Us 

We  have  a  number  of  earnest  people  with  moder¬ 
ate  means  wishing  to  buy  good,  productive  farms 
costing  between  $2,000  and  $4,000.  with  or  without 
stock,  within  a  radius  of  200  miles  of  New  York 
Oitv.  Ours  is  a  philanthropic  organization,  and  wo 
matte  no  charge  to  buyer  or  seller.  Rock  bottom 
prices  must  therefore  he  quoted.  Send  for  blank. 
THE  JEWISH  AGRICULTURAL  AND  1NDUS- 
TRI ALAI D  SOCIETY,  177  Second  Avo.,  Now-  York. 


FARM  FOR  $2,500 

Sullivan  County,  New  York  State  Farm  in  good 
state  of  cultivation,  well  fenced  and  watered  :  apple 
orchard,  maple  orchard,  small  fruit.  Largo  13-room 
house,  large  barn  and  wagon-liou-e,  granary  and 
outbuildings.  One  mile  from  post  office,  stores 
and  Stato  l'oad;  in  the  heart  of  the  popular  summer 
boarding  section.  It  contains  about  130  acres:  to 
close  the  estate  it  will  be  sold  for  $2,300,  less  than 
the  cost  of  the  buildings.  It  has  been  used  as  a 
dairy  and  grain  farm;  creamery  one  mile.  Address 
FARM,  care  Rural  New-Yorker,  409  Pearl  St.,  N  A  . 


LOOMIS  CORN  HUSKER 

Run  by  3  H.  P. 
Husk  25  bushels 
an  hour. 

Price  on  application. 

L.  R.  LOOMIS 

Claverack,  N.  Y. 

-Don’t  fail  to  secureStock  and 

.  _  w  . . . Eggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 

EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS.  Marietta, Pa. 

Of)  KGGS  $1.00— Leading  varieties,  53  breeds.  Prize  Ponl- 
L  U  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Iju-gc  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  la. 


selling  tne  Automatic  Combination  Tool  in 
your  home  county.  A  Fence  Builder’sTool, 
Post  Puller,  Lilting  Jack,  Vice,  Wrench,  etc. 
Used  by  Farmers,  Teamsters,  in  Factories, 
Mills,  Mines,  etc.  Weight  24  lbs.  Capacity  3 
tons.  No  experience  necessary.  Free  instruc¬ 
tion.  Write  for  special  offer  to  live  agents. 
Send  no  money.  Name  county  where  you  live. 

AUTOMATIC  JACK  COMPANY 
Box  150  Bloomfield,  Ind. 


I  Want  Your  Boy 

and  girl  to  write  to  me  at  once.  In  my  fight  against  that  trust  which iT  r^vo^at 
implement  dealer  black-list  me  because  I  sell  ray ’U.  S.  Standard Scales  to  you  at 
dealers’ prices.  I  want  the  name  of  every  honest  farmer  believes  m  Pai u  Ebay 

and  who  is  wilting  to  help  me  fight  to  prove  to  Mr.  Dealer  that  the  farmer 
and  his  dollar  is  the  equal  of  any  man’s.  . 

Your  boy  can  help.  Write  me  for  particulars. 

“JONES,  he  pays  the  freight,” 

90  Kid  St..  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


i^*«l 


The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.81 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  3%  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


'*  Borden  Prices  ”  and  Dairying. 

Fearing  lest  your  editorial  references  in 
respect  to  the  Borden  milk  concern  might 
give  an  erroneous  impression  to  some,  I 
take  the  liberty  of  sending  to  you  an  edi¬ 
torial  clipped  from  our  local  paper,  which, 
serving  an  almost  exclusively  dairying  com¬ 
munity,  would  seem  likely  to  reflect  pretty 
accurately  the  opinion  of  dairymen  in  south¬ 
ern  Otsego  county.  I  think  it  is  worthy  of 
note  that,  while  the  butter  value  of  milk  is 
something  like  40  cents  less  than  last  year, 
the  Bordens  have  reduced  their  price  per 
hundred  on  the  average  only  about  12  cents, 
or  less  than  %  cent  per  quart.  Of  course, 
not  much  reduction  to  the  cbnsumer  could 
come  as  the  result  of  this.  As  the  son  of 
a  dairyman  who  has  sold  milk  to  the  Bor¬ 
dens  for  many  years,  and  being  about  to 
enter  the  business  myself,  I  think  that  I 
am  fairly  well  informed  on  conditions  here 
and  not  likely  to  be  partial  to  the  Bordens. 
However,  this  much  I  know,  since  their  ad¬ 
vent  ten  or  a  dozen  years  ago  my  father  has 
become  successful  and  well-to-do,  and  I  think 
it  no  exaggeration  to  say  that  farm  pro¬ 
perty  in  this  community  has  doubled  in 
value.  Four-fifths  of  the  farms  in  this  val¬ 
ley  look  prosperous,  with  largo  barns,  silos, 
first-class  equipment  and  thoroughbred  cat¬ 
tle  very  much  in  evidence,  while  a  dozen 
years  ago  not  one  farm  in  ten  would  answer 
to  this  description.  During  this  period  wo 
have  been  getting  from  50  to  100  per  cent 
more  from  our  milk  than  we  had  ever  re¬ 
received  before,  and  the  Bordens  have  cer¬ 
tainly  averaged  better  than  any  other  mar¬ 
ket.  A  couple  of  years  ago  there  was  a 
fine  plant  erected  here  as  a  sort  of  co-oper¬ 
ative  concern  for  butter,  cheese,  sizing,  su¬ 
gar  making,  etc.,  but  at  no  time  has  it 
been  able  to  offer  as  good  returns  as  the 
Tordens  and  I  understand  that  it  is  about 
to  shut  down.  Whether  the  Bordens  are 
robbing  the  consumer  or  not,  I  do  not  pre¬ 
tend  to  say,  but  while  the  producer,  per¬ 
haps,  has  not  been  getting  as  much  as  he 
ought,  it  is  quite  certain  that  he  has  been 
doing  very  well  in  this  community.  Of 
course,  we  would  like  more  if  we  could  get 
it.  and  perhaps  there  is  some  system  of  dis¬ 
tribution  that  would  give  it  to  us,  but,  in 
conclusion  I  wish  to  state  as  my  honest  con¬ 
viction  that  farming  in  this  community  of¬ 
fers  at  least  as  high  returns  upon  the  brains 
and  capital  invested  as  does  any  other  occu¬ 
pation  Were  it  not  so,  after  five  years  of 
<  ollege  experience  I  would  not  be  choosing 
it  as  a  life  career.  rr.  c.  M. 

It.  N.-Y. — The  clipping  referred  to  after 
saying  the  average  Borden  price  is  12  cents 
lower  than  last  year,  says  : 

“Notwithstanding  this  the  condensery 
has  had  no  more  successful  contract  day  in 
its  history,  44  new  dairies  being  signed  on 
that  day  and  on  the  few  days  preceding 
when  the  books  were  open,  and  an  aggregate 
of  sixty  odd  dairies  being  under  contract  in 
excess  of  the  number  at  the  same  time  last 
year.  The  fact  that  the  contract  price  is 
not  adhered  to  as  a  hard  and  fast  propo¬ 
sition  when  the  market  will  warrant  declar¬ 
ing  an  advance  over  the  figure  named  for 
any  month  is  largely  accountable  for  this 
great  influx  of  new  patrons  and  the  return 
of  many  old  ones.” 

It  is  not  entirely  fair  to  compare  butter- 
fat  prices  with  high  class  whole  milk.  Vast 
quantities  of  milk  suitable  for  making  but¬ 
ter  would  not  be  accepted  by  the  Bordens 
for  shipment.  Dairymen  who  make  it 
would  be  forced  to  increase  the  cost  of  pro¬ 
duction  before  milk  which  they  might  sell 
to  a  butter  factory  would  be  accepted.  We 
have  stated  that  the  Bordens  have  reduced 
prices  as  compared  with  last  year.  At  the 
same  time  consumers  pay  Just  as  much  as 
ever,  the  cost  of  distribution  is  no  larger 
and  the  Bordens  are  evidently  making  “more 
money  than  they  know  what  to  do  with.” 
Tt  is  a  bad  situation  where  a  concern  can 
dictate  prices  at  both  ends.  If  there  were 
free  competition  when  prices  to  farmers 
fall  consumer’s  prices  would  also  fall.  More 
milk  would  be  used  and  the  demand  would 
make  a  bettor  price  to  dairymen  so  that 
the  situation  -would  adjust  itself.  As  it  is 
there  is  no  fair  adjustment. 


Dairying  in  the  Southwest. 

When  I  read  in  your  paper  of  the  trouble 
in  the  way  of  low  prices  dairy  farmers  re¬ 
ceive  for  their  product  at  the  North  and 
East  I  wish  some  of  them  could  be  directed 
this  way.  In  this  section  of  the  country, 
northeast  Texas.  Southern  Arkansas  arid 
Louisiana,  the  dairy  industry  has  not  been 
started.  The  opportunities  around  Texar- 
kana.  a  city  of  25,000.  arc  fine  for  a  number 
of  dairy  farmers.  There  is  no  creamery 
here,  nor  nearer  here  than  Little  Rock,  150 
miles  away.  The  retail  price  of  milk  here 
is  five  cents  per  pint  straight:  milk  to 
hotels  and  restaurants  wholesales  at  25 
cents  per  gallon.  Buttermilk  brings  15  to 
20  cents  per  gallon  ;  skim-milk  10.  Ordinary 
farm-made  butter  is  retailing  here  this  week 
at  35  to  40  cents,  separator  cream  butter 
bringing  the  higher  price.  Even  at  these 
prices  milk  and  butter  Is  scarce.  Bermuda 
grass  and  Japan  clover  cover  the  wild  lands 
around  here  and  spring  water  Is  abundant. 
Ihere  are  only  about  four  months  of 
weather  that  approaches  Winter  tempera¬ 
tures.  Sufficient  buildings  of  all  kinds  can 
he  erected  here  at  one-half  or  even  less 
than  the  cost  of  buildings  at  the  North 


and  East.  Good  labor  is  practically  not  to 
be  had  here  at  any  price.  Of  course  ne¬ 
groes  are  plentiful,  but  they  are  entirely 
unfitted  for  dairy  work,  and  their  aversion 
to  thrift  and  frugality  renders  them  un¬ 
profitable.  This  country  Is  a  fine  habitat 
for  the  Jersey  and  Guernsey  cattle,  owing 
to  its  equable  climate.  e.  h.  t. 


A  New  York  Dairy  Farm. 

Arose  at  4.40  a.  m.,  and  as  we  are  using 
a  dilution  set  for  making  butter,  I  drew 
off  and  emptied  the  milk,  watered  team  and 
fed  hay  and  grain.  As  Sunday  night  was 
cold  and  rainy,  the  nine  head  of  stock  were 
left  in  stable ;  this  saved  a  three-quarter 
mile  walk  to  get  them.  I  fed  them  corn¬ 
stalks,  washed  off  udders  and  milked  six, 
washed  milk  set,  strained  milk,  put  in  water 
and  covered  set.  I  then  cleaned  off  team 
and  cleaned  out  stable,  fed  27  pigs  and 
answered  a  call  for  breakfast.  After  break¬ 
fast,  cleaned  cow  stable,  harnessed  team, 
drove  one-half  mile  and  ran  corn  harvester 
until  12  o’clock.  Returned  home,  watered 
and  fed  team  and  the  27  pigs  ;  ate  dinner, 
hitched  up  team,  returned  to  the  machine, 
drove  one  mile  further  and  cut  corn  until 
6  p.  m.  Returned  home,  bringing  har¬ 
vester,,  put  out  team  and  unharnessed  them 
and  took  30  minutes  for  refreshments. 
Watered  team  and  fed  grain.  Milked  six 
cows,  fed  them  grain,  strained  milk,  put  in 
water,  threw  down  hay  and  fed  team, 
cleaned  them  off  and  bedded  for  night.  Fed 
27  pigs,  shut  up  buildings,  came  to  the 
house  at  8.50  p.  in. 

Now,  as  the  Hope  Farm  man  figures,  the 
milk  that  “Molly”  gives  at  the  price  he 
would  have  to  pay,  I  will  figure  this  day  at 
what  I  would  have  to  pay,  if  a  man  could 
be  found  to  do  it:  4.40  to  9  a.  m.  at  17 % 
cents  per  hour,  75  cents;  9  a.  m.  to  noon, 
with  team,  50  cents  per  hour,  $1.50;  1.30 
p.  m.  to  6,  with  team,  50  cents  per  hour, 
$2.25;  G.50  to  8.50.  at  17%  cents  per  hour, 
35  cents ;  total,  $4.85.  h.  g.  Phillips. 

Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y. 


Cattle  run  higher  than  common ;  last 
Spring  cows  from  $35  to  $60.  I  sold  three 
at  $48  a  bead,  hay  from  $15  to  $20  per 
ton,  oat  straw  $8,  rye  straw  $8.  I  do  not 
know  of  any  silage  being  sold.  Chickens 
alive,  12  and  14  cents  pound,  pork  nine  to 
10  cents;  butter  28  to  30  cents;  milk  three 
cents  a  quart;  manure  50  cents  to  $1  a 
load ;  horses  running  from  $150  to  $250. 

Low  man,  N.  Y.  e.  s.  C. 

We  attended  an  auction  October  3.  Cows 
sold  from  $17  up  to  $42;  the  last  men¬ 
tioned  was  a  fresh  milch  cow.  We  bought 
two  for  $23  per  head.  We  bought  a  sow 
and  nine  pigs  for  $23.50,  pigs  three  days 
old.  Another  sow  with  seven  pigs  ready 
to  wean  sold  for  $33.  A  team  that  cost 
three  years  ago  $500  sold  for  $405.  We 
bought  $48  worth  of  corn  in  the  stook  at 
22  cents  per  shock.  The  rest  sold  for  23 
cents  per  stook.  There  were  four  bushels 
in  six  stooks.  c.  B.  s. 

Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y. 


43  years’  successful  operation. 
Used  In  nearly  all  parts  of  the 
world.  We  make  a  complete  line 
of  Drilling  Machines  and  tools 
for  every  condition  of  earth 
and  rock  drilling  and  min¬ 
eral  prospecting.  Complete 
catalogue  No.  120  showing  over 
40 styles  of  machines  free. 

THE  AMERICAN  WELL  WORKS 

General  Office  and  Works: 
Aurora,  Ill. 
Chicago  Office:  First  National  Bank  Building. 


A  Plain,  Simple  Statement 
About  Winter  Feeding 

You  want  to  provide  your  cows  with  the  feed  which  will 
keep  them  in  the  best  of  health  and  produce  the  most  milk. 

For  several  years  past  we  have  freely  advertised  Dried  Beet 
Pulp  as  an  essential  ingredient  in  the  best  ration. 

If  is  not  a  mixed  feed  or  prepared  feed,  but  is  to  be  used 
just  like  corn  meal,  bran,  hominy  or  any  of  the  other  feeds 
you  know  about. 

Now  is  the  time  for  you  to  test  our  claims. 

Let  us  urge  you,  for  your  own  good,  to  make  a  trial  of  Dried 
Beet  Pulp. 

Read  our  guaranty.  Could  you  ask  for  anything  more  liberal  ? 

Our  guaranty  to  you:  We  guarantee  that  any  sack  of  our 
Dried  Beet  Pulp  bought  for  trial,  either  direct  from  us  or 
through  a  dealer,  will  prove  satisfactory  to  the  buyer  or  we 
will  refund  the  full  purchase  price. 

Please  notice — no  strings  to  this  guaranty — no  conditions — no 
extravagant  claims. 

Here  is  exactly  what  we  do  claim  for  Dried  Beet  Pulp: 
IPs  a  feed  your  cows  will  like. 

IPs  a  feed  that  will  keep  them  healthy. 

IPs  a  feed  that  will  increase  the  flow  of  milk. 

It’s  a  feed  that  will  cheapen  your  ration. 

Our  booklet,  “How  to  Feed  Dried  Beet  Pulp,”  gives  full 
information  and  tells  what  feeds  to  use  in  order  to  make  a 
properly  balanced  ration. 

If  you  like  a  good,  square,  honest  proposition,  then  you 
should  find  out  the  truth  about  Dried  Beet  Pulp.  If  we  don’t 
satisfy  you,  you  lose  nothing— the  purchase  price  will  be 
returned  at  once.  Write  us  for  information  as  to  how  and 
where  you  can  try  Dried  Beet  Pulp. 

THE  LARROWE  MILLING  CO. 

Box  63 7j  Ford  Building,  Detroit,  Mich. 


FOR  CAI  C— If  you  want  the  best  farms  for  the 
IUI1  OH  LL  money,  send  for  our  large  free  catalog. 
HALL’S  FARM  AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.,  N.Y. 


150  Farms  Delaws 


and  map  free. 


in  fertile 
Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
Hokaoe  G.  Rkeder,  Newtown,  Pa. 


inpAI  FA  Acres,  near  Auburn,  Cayuga 

ILILnL  I  nil  III  County,  Now  York  State.  Ele¬ 
gant  buildings,  located  on  trolley  line,  near  main 
line  New  York  Central  Railroad  Soil  perfect  and 
especially  adapted  to  alfalfa.  Buildings  cost  $10,000. 
Center  of  high  prices  for  farm  produce.  Fur  par¬ 
ticulars  of  this  and  other  New  York  farms,  address 
JOHN  N.  ROSS,  147  Genesee  Street,  Auburn,  N  V. 


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All  the  year  ’round 
“Pittsburgh  Perfect” 
Fence  fulfills  all  the 


claims  of  the  manufacturer  and  the  dealer.  It  possesses  the  great¬ 
er*-  ef*  durability  and  adaptability,  and  affords  best  service  because  it  is  made  with 

l"‘  one  object  of  economically  and  perfectly  meeting  the  exacting  requirements 

‘  of  the  scientific  farmer.  And  “Pittsburgh  Perfect”  Fence  never  disappoints.  * 

stro m? 1 rS ,u..se<^ . exc]us^ vety  *n  “Pittsburgh  Perfect’1  Fence  is  like  old  time  iron  wire,  and  is  the 

agnd  <l“af ^  Z“C  £alvaDiz!nS  hea"b  coats  “>«  *-<1  »*ists 

aoabte,r2ea«^Sf!^1irId*d.tj  eve,17  crossing  point,  which  produces  a  perfect  amalgamation  of  metals, 
double.,  the  strength  of  the  fence  at  the  joints,  and  eliminates  all  weight-in  creasing  and  streneth-destrovimr  Wr«n«; 

is  “•  clectricaU”  feng“m£r&d  taffiKKTB 

EVERY  ROD  GUARANTEED  PERFECT 

Pittsburgh  Steel  Company,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


io«a 


THIi  RURAt  NEW-YORKER 


October  28, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


There  is  one  purpose  and  one  only  of 
this  department — the  protection  of  the 
patrons  of  this  paper  and  their  neigh¬ 
bors  and  friends.  When  that  result  is 
best  accomplished  by  giving  the  name 
and  address  of  concerns  who  oppress  or 
deal  unfairly  with  the  people,  then  the 
names  and  addresses  are  given.  If  a 
faker  be  persistent  in  his  schemes,  it 
may  be  necessary  to  go  into  his  record, 
and  one  cannot  always  use  soft  words 
in  describing  the  trickery  of  a  rogue. 
But  our  purpose  or  mission  is  not  to 
punish  the  offender,  but  to  protect  those 
in  danger  of  their  allurements.  One 
may  have  to  knock  down  a  tough  to 
protect  a  fellow  citizen.  The  knock¬ 
down  is  merely  a  necessary  incident  to 
the  assistance  to  a  neighbor.  Just  so 
the  publicity  of  rogues  is  an  incident  in 
the  protection  of  the  public. 

Joseph  D.  Shultz,  of  Ridgeberry, 
Orange  County,  New  York,  was  on  trial 
last  week  in  the  Federal  court  in  New 
York  City  charged  with  the  shipment 
of  immature  and  decomposed  veal  for 
consumption.  The  particular  shipment 
on  which  he  had  been  indicted  was 
shipped  in  the  name  of  his  wife,  but  it 
appeared  that  he  had  previously  paid 
fines  in  settlement  of  two  complaints  for 
the  same  oeffnse  in  the  State  courts,  and 
it  was  held  that  the  shipment  was  made 
by  him  using  his  wife’s  name.  After  the 
jury  brought  in  a  verdict  of  guilty 
Judge  Hough,  of  the  Federal  court,  re¬ 
manded'  him  pending  inquiry  as  to  his 
record.  The  record  convinced  the  court 
that  he  was  an  old  offender,  and  the 
sentence  was  a  fine  of  $250  and  six 
months  in  jail. 

Last  week  I  saw  an  advertisement^  of 
horses  for  sale  at  No.  83  9th  avenue,  New 
York  City.  I  did  not  like  the  horses  hut 
a  Mr.  Busbee  whom  I  met  there  promised 
to  take  me  where  I  could  get  a  horse  to 
suit  me.  He  took  me  to  the  so-called  Cable 
Express  Co.  stable  at  154  East  27th  street, 
where  I  met  a  Mr.  Sullivan.  I  bought  a 
horse  for  $125,  and  paid  $25  in  cash.  He 
promised  to  deliver  the  horse  on  Staten 
Island  the  next  day  and  receive  the  bal¬ 
ance.  That  night  I  read  in  The  R.  N.-Y’. 
what  you  said  of  another’s  man  experience 
with  this  same  Sullivan.  I  waited,  but 
my  horse  did  not  come.  I  complained  at 
police  headquartei-s  and  a  detective  went 
with  me  to  the  place.  I  identified  the_ 
man  in  charge;  and  after  some  parley' 
they  refunded  my  $25.  A.  f.  w. 

New  York. 

This  is  practically  a  repetition  of 
former  experiences.  These  “gyps”  are 
so  cunning  it  is  difficult  to  get  legal 
leverage  on  them.  You  cannot  indict 
a  man  for  accepting  $25  in  part  pay¬ 
ment  of  a  horse,  nor  for  failure  to  de¬ 
liver  him.  But  when  legal  processes 
fail,  informed  people  have  a  means  of 
defeating  such  tricksters — by  leaving 
them  alone. 

I  have  just  received  a  statement  and 
check  for  $7.83  for  the  six  barrels  of 
apples  which  I  sent  you  for  collection 
from  the  western  house.  You  certainly 
can  bring  these  commission  men  to  time 
when  they  try  to  act  crooked  with  the 
shippers  of  produce.  Many  thanks  for  your 
kindness  and  “may  you  live  long  and  pros¬ 
per.”  w.  a.  y. 

Illinois. 

These  apples  were  sent  in  August,  and 
shipper  could  get  no  reply  to  his  letter. 
A  telegram  brought  a  postal  reply  that 
the  apples  were  more  or  less  rotten. 
Subsequent  letters  brought  no  reply,  and 
the  matter  was  referred  to  us.  To 
our  inquiry  as  to  the  cause  of  the  de¬ 
lay  in  adjustment,  reply  was  made  that 
there  had  been  an  oversight,  as  they 
were  busy  when  shipment  came  in,  but 
had  sold  promptly.  They  deny  having 
received  letters  from  the  shipper,  but 
were  adjusting  the  account  now.  The 
shipper  suffered  a  $5  loss  in  the  trans¬ 
action.  This  house  has  a  good  rating, 
but  the  delay  and  failure  to  reply  to  the 
shipper  and  subsequent  shortage  in  set¬ 
tlement,  makes  the  whole  transaction 
look  like  some  of  the  sharp  practices 
resorted  to  by  the  unreliable  commis¬ 
sion  houses.  We  withhold  names  this 
time,  but  a  second  offence  would  justify 
more  detail. 

Dr.  William  Taylor,  head  of  the  Univer¬ 
sal  Medical  Institute,  at  No.  30  West  29th 
street,  was  sentenced  to  one  year  in  the 
penitentiary  on  Blackwell’s  Island  yester¬ 
day,  after  he  pleaded  guilty,  before  Judge 
Hough,  in  the  United  States  Circuit  Court, 
to  using  the  mails  in  a  scheme  to  de¬ 
fraud. 

Dr.  Taylor  is  the  fifth  man  sent  to  prison 
this  year  for  defrauding  persons  through 
the  use  of  the  mails  by  representations  to 
cure  almost  any  sickness. — Daily  Paper. 

We  have  previously  referred  to  this 
concern  and  had  the  privilege  of  advis¬ 
ing  our  people  to  leave  it  alone  before 
the  Post  Office  authorities  were  able  to 
get  the  definite  evidence  to  convict  its 
head.  No  greater  service  could  be 
done  the  people  by  the  Federal  authori¬ 
ties  than  the  conviction  of  this  class  of 
rogues  who  make  a  business  of  exploit¬ 
ing  the  misfortunes  of  the  poor. 


Last  week  the  Columbian-Sterling 
Publishing  Company  was  placed  in  the 
hands  of  Gordon  A.  Murray  as  receiver 
on  petition  of  creditors.  This  is  the 
company  that  took  over  the  Columbian 
and  Hampton  Magazines,  and  combined 
them  in  one  publication.  The  receiver 
was  authorized  to  continue  the  business 
for  20  days,  and  so  as  to  get  out  the  No¬ 
vember  number  of  the  magazine.  A 
Federal  Grand  Jury  has  been  investigat¬ 
ing  allegations  of  fraud  in  the  sale  of 
stock  of  the  company  to  the  readers  of 
the  magazine,  and  indictments  are  ex¬ 
pected  soon.  It  is  said  that  more  than 
$280,000  of  the  money  received  for 
stock  has  disappeared.  Two  of  the  men 
who  were  active  in  the  sale  of  the  stock 
are  also  missing.  The  petition  asking 
for  a  receiver  alleged  that  Frank  Orff, 
the  president  and  general  manager,  and 
his  associates  paid  dividends  that  had 
not  been  earned. 

We  have  no  record  of  any  publisher 
ever  offering  stock  or  bonds  of  his 
business  to  the  subscribers  of  his  pub¬ 
lications  when  the  publications  were  on 
a  profit-paying  basis.  They  have  re¬ 
sorted  to  this  means  of  raising  money 
only  when  the  hazards  were  too  great 
to  interest  experienced  investors,  and 
the  final  result  has  been  a  series  of 
failures.  From  memory  we  can  name 
nearly  a  dozen  conspicuous  failures  of 
recent  years.  We  first  had  the  Richard¬ 
son  publications  in  Boston  that  got 
away  with  some  millions ;  the  Cushman 
publications,  financed  on  this  basis  by 
Myrick  in  Springfield,  failed  shortly 
after  they  moved  to  the  West.  His 
Good  Housekeeping  investors  are  now 
complaining  that  the  magazine  was  sold 
without  their  knowledge  or  consent,  and 
they  are  having  difficulty  in  getting  their 
money.  The  Circle  Company  has  gone 
out  of  existence,  and  the  Success  Com¬ 
pany  defaulted  on  its  $400,000  worth  of 
bonds,  and  the  magazine  is  now  out  of 
their  reach  in  the  control  of  another 
company.  Stock  of  Pearson's  sold  at 
par,  and  can  now  be  bought  for  two 
cents  on  the  dollar.  Vick’s  Magazine 
and  Agricultural  Epitomist  did  away 
with  savings  of  the  farm,  and  Currier, 
of  Chicago,  is  now  paying  alimony  to 
his  former  wife  out  of  the  earnings  of 
money  sent  him  by  respectable  and 
prudent  families.  E.  G.  Lewis  admits 
under  oath  that  the  $3,500,000  worth  of 
stock  of  his  publishing  company,  largely 
held  by  country  people,  is  wiped  out, 
and  that  the  company  owes  $1,500,000 
of  debts  besides.  Such  is  part  of  the 
record  of  promoting  publishers,  with 
universal  loss  to  the  people  who  part 
with  their  savings  to  them.  We  find 
not  a  single  instance  of  anything  but 
disappointment  and  loss  to  the  investor. 
We  think  the  record  justifies  our  ad¬ 
vice,  often  repeated,  to  let  venturesome 
promoters  finance  their  own  publishing 
hazards.  J-  J-  D- 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


yi 


Makes  Easy  Work  of 
Keeping  Stables  Clean 

This  Carrier  carries  an  800  pound  load  any 
distance.  Dumps  at  any  desired  point.  Solid, 
high  carbon  steel  track  allows  any  number 
of  curves.  Self  lowering  and  other  features 
found  only  in 

DAD  TED  FEED  and 

rilK  1 LK  Litter  Carriers 

Heavy  galvanized  steel  joints  soldered  inside. 
Watertight.  Lowers  to  barn  floor.  Auto¬ 
matically  locked  when  elevated.  Perfected 
Hoisting  Device  enables  a  boy  to  raise  heavy 
load  easily.  Tub  turns  completely  over. 
Porter  Steel  Stalls  and  Stanchions  econ¬ 
omize  space,  lessen  work,  are  sanitaru. 

Get  catalog  of  Porter  Steel  Stalls  and 
Stanchions.  Porter  Litter  and  Feed 
Carriers. 

J.  E.  PORTER  CO.  Ottawa,  III. 

(Established  1868) 


Portable 
Wood 
As  lowas 


Absolutely  the  cheapest  and  best  saw 
made.  Guaranteed  for  1  year. 
Sold  at  factory  prices — $10  and  up. 
Save  middleman’s  profit.  Operates 
easier  than  other  saws  because 
stick  is  low  and  the  saw 
draws  it  on  as  soon  as  it 
touches  the  saw.  Only  $10 
saw  to  which  ripping  table  can 
be  added.  Big  money  makers 
and  savers.  Send  for  Catalogue. 

HEETZLEE  <fc  ZOOK  CO. 
Box  3  Belleville,  Pa. 


Power  at  Low  Cost 
Kerosene  as  Fuel 

HERE  is  Power  for  you  that  can  always  bo  relied 
upon.  The  Colton  Modern  Kerosene  Engine  is 
the  most  economical,  simplest  and  most  reliable 
Farm  Power  Plant  yet  invented.  Its  many  new  im¬ 
proved  patented  features  are  most  valuable  and  are 
not  found  on  any  other  engine.  Power  is  constant, 
speed  regulated  without  stopping  engine — adjusts 
itself  instantly  to  any  overload — no  cranking  to 
start  it. 

Let  this  wonderful  engine  demonstrate  its  unusual 
value  to  you.  Connect  it  to  your  water  system, 
lighting  system,  pumps  or  any  other  machinery.  If 
it  doesn  t  prove  a  great  money  and  labor  saver, 
return  it  and  get  your  money  back. 

The  Colton  operates  perfectly  on  kerosene,  the 
most  economical  and  satisfactory  fuel.  Kerosene  can 
be  purchased  anywhere  at  about  half  the  cost  of  gaso¬ 
line,  is  much  safer  to  handle  and  gives  more  power, 

fallen  for  gallon,  than  gasoline.  Gasoline,  alcohol, 
istillate,  and  other  fuel  oils  may  also  be  used. 

POSITIVE,  UNCONDITIONAL  GUARANTY 

Every  Colton  is  sold  under  a  positive,  unqualified 

f  uarantee  to  give  satifnetory  service  or  money  re- 
unded.  Our  company  lias  been  established  27  years. 
You  need  an  engine  on  your  farm— so  investigate 
the  Colton — the  latest 
11-  n  ■  m  development  in  en- 

15  Days  gffYTjH  gine  building. 

FREF  Trial  U 5*1^138  Get  on  tr*aI  an<* 

i  ntc  nidi  m'.'W'iH  compare  its  simple, 

compact  construction, 
superior  quality  ma¬ 
terials  and  high  grade 
workmanship.  You 
will  see  it  operate  with 
less  attention  and  fur¬ 
nishes  more  power  per 
rating  than  any  en¬ 
gine  you  ever  saw. 
Send  for  free  engine 
book  at  once. 


Arthur  Colton  Co. 

701  Brush  Street 


DETROIT  . 


MICH. 


This  Engine  Cuts  Expenses  75^ 
i  15-Day  Free  Trial  Offer 


T  ET  this  Perfection  portable  kerosene  engine  do  your 
"  chores  free  for  15  days — the  only  real  economic  power 
plant  that  proves  its  economy  features  tho  first  day  you  use 
it.  Built  with  automobile  factory  machinery  by  automobile 
engineers,  this  standard  farm  engine  equals  engines  selling 
clsewhcro  for  three  times  its  price.  With  gasoline  prohib¬ 
itively  priced  (from  6  to  10c  more  than  kerosene)  duo  to  the 
groat  automobile  demand,  you  will  at  once  see  the  saving. 
The  engino  draws  the  kerosene  in  a  light  film  through  the 
carburetor,  discharges  it  into  the  cylinder  vaporized  and 
having  the  same  energy  as  gasoline.  Kerosene  will  start  in 
a  cold  cylinder  and  works  fine  in  a  hot  one. 

Call  On  Your  Dealer  Today— Let  Him  Explain  Our  15- 
Day  Free  Trial  Offer  or  Write  Us  Direct  and 
Receive  Our  Big  Free  Engine  Book. 

FREE  INFORMATION  BUREAU 

If  in  doubt  about  the  kind  of  engino  to  buy,  or  the  quan¬ 
tity  of  power  you  require,  simply  write  your  questions  on  a  post- card 
and  mail  it  to  our  Chief  Consulting  Engineer. 

Our  staff  of  mechanical,  marino  aud  station¬ 
ary  engineers  and  designers  will  toll  you, 
free,  everything  you  wish  to  know  about  any 
engino  made.  Before  you  buy  any  rnako 
of  engino,  write  for  freo  information.  Bet 
our  engineers  tell  you  bow  to  make  a 
cheap  transmission  lay-out  '.hat  will 
help  you  to  run  several  machines  at  ono 
time  with  a  single  engine.  < 

Address  your  postal  like  this:— 

Chief  Consulting  Engineer 

Callle  Perfection  Motor  Co.  221  Seoond  Avo.  Betroilt^Mlch. 


MIDDLEDITCH 


Kerosene 

ENGINES 


Operate  perfectly  on  common 
coal  oil,  gasoline,  distillate, 
alcohol  or  any  similar  liquid 
fuel.  Our  catalog  explains 
why  this  is  safest,  simplest, 
most  economical  and  prac¬ 
tical  power. 

Genuine  Free  Trial 

If  it  doesn’t  satisfy  you  in 
every  way  the  trial  costs  (■  [J 
nothing.  Don’t  invest  inany 
engine  until  you  get  our 
proposition.  Write  for  it  now. ' 

THE  MIDDLEDITCH  ENGINE  CO. 

29  Msldrum  five.,  Dsiroit,  Mich. 


Gasoline  Tractors 


For  Heavy  Hauling,  Plowing, 
Harrowing  and  Rolling 


Attachment  can  be  furnished  for  mow¬ 
ing.  With  belt  from  pulley  you  can  operate 
thresher,  sheller,  shredder,  buzz-saw,  etc. 

The  money  you  make  furnishing  power 
for  neighbors  will  soon  pay  for  the  outfit. 

Otto  Gasoline  Tractors  have  two  speeds 
— I  lie  same  forward  and  back. 

Aro  built  in  six  sizes  :  8,  10,  12.  15,  21.  25 
Brake  horse  power.  50#  draw-bar  pull 
guaranteed. 

The  Otto  Tractor  also  operates  on  distil¬ 
late  or  alcohol. 

They  last  a  lifetime.  Thousands  of  Otto 
Engines  sold  in  the  70’s  and  80’s  are  giving 
good  servico  to-day. 

Hard  work  and  strain  on  a  Tractor  de¬ 
mands  the  best  of  material,  workmanship 
and  design.  You  find  it  all  in  the  OTTO. 
The  cost  is  no  more  than  you  are  asked  to 
pay  for  others  which  experience  has  shown 
will  not  stand  the  test. 

We  also  make  a  complete  line  of  portable 
and  stationary  engines  for  farm  use.  The 
low  cost  of  repairs  and  groat  fuel  economy 
of  OTTO  engines  have  mado  them  the  lead¬ 
ers  for  thirty-five  years. 

Send  to-day  for  Bulletin  No.  37.  Mailed 
postpaid  upon  receipt  of  postal. 

'The  Otto  Gas  Engine  Works' 

3304  Walnut  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


—99  %o  %  Pure— 

American  Ingot  Iron  Roofing 

Guaranteed  For  30  Years 

Without  Painting 

The  Only  Guaranteed  Metal  Roofing  ever  put  on  the 
market.  Samples  free.  Write  for  a  free  book  showing 
remarkable  tests.  A  way  out  of  your  roof  troubles. 

THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  CO..  Dent.  0,  ELYRIA,  OHIO 


/  MILK  COOLERS 

COPPER  REMOVABLE  TUBES 

An  accident  means  a  new  part, 
not  a  new  machine.  Easy  to 
thoroughly  clean. 

Cools  Lower  Than  Any  Other 
Durable  Efficient  Sanitary 
WISNKK  MFG.  CO. 
230  Greenwich  St.,  New  York 


Lowest  Cost— Best  Service 

NO  matter  what  your  power  needs 
write  at  once, for  the  Leifel 
Free  Book  tel  is  al  1  facts 
about  engines.  Get  posted 
on  what's  what  in  the  power 
world.  Don't  make  a  mistake. 

Buy  right  Vae first  time.  Thou¬ 
sands  of  Lellel  engines  aro  dis¬ 
placing  gasoline  engines  be¬ 
cause  they  are  more  depend¬ 
able-more  simple— more  dur¬ 
able  and  more  economical.  Let 
us  prove  it  to  you. 

LEFFEL 

Steam  Engines 

work  harder  at  less  cost  than 
any  other  engine  you  could 
buy.  Made  to  run  any  machine  on  your  farm.  Burns! 
any  old  wood  or  rubbish  around  the  place  for  fuel. 
WRITE  FOR  FREE  BOOK  Don’t  decide  on  your 
engine  before  you  get  the  Leifel  Book  that  tells 
all  the  facts  about  Gasoltno  and  Steam  power 
outfits  and  their  relative  value  to  you.  Don’t 
wait — write  postal  now.  Address 

lames  Leffel  &  Company 
Box  264,  Springfield,  Olilq^ 


PULL  OFF  THE  CASE 

from  your  watch. — How  long  will  it  run  open?  It’s  no  good. 
The  same  thing  holds  true  with  an  engine. 

TMtHSw-Way'  c  o  Ro  l  e  d 

has  all  working  parts  enclosed  like  a  high  grade  watch. 

That’s  why  it  runs  better,  uses  less  oil,  gasoline,  requires  no 
repairs,  gives  better  service,  lasts  longer. 

STUDY  UP  THE  ENGINE  QUESTION  BEFORE  YOU  BUY 

Write  us  now  for  engine  catalog  No.  5. 

The NeYfWSyHsm  Company 

Lfjksihe,  M/cmcAJ*.  U.S. A. 


140  SHERIDAN  ST. 


WHEN  you  buy  the  old  reliable 
Sta-Rite  Gasoline  Engine,  you 
get  absolute  freedom  from  battery 
troubles  and  expense.  Because 
the  Sta-Rite  has  no  batteries. 

Ignition  is  furnished  by  the  mar¬ 
velous  Sta-Rite  Magneto  which 
is  built  right  into  and  is  mechan¬ 
ically  a  part  of  the  cylinder 

No  batteries  to  be  renewed 
and  ho  loose  connections  to 
stop  the  engine. 


The  Sta-Rite  Magneto  has  one  wire 
only  and  throws  a  big  fat  spark  abso¬ 
lutely  regardless  of  speed  of  engine.  And 
you’ll  get  the  same  kind  of  spark  in  five 
years  that  you  do  the  first  day  All  the 
Sta-Rite  Engines  (except  the  1V£  and  3 Vt 
horse  power  sizes)  are  now  equipped  with 
the  Sta-Rite.  Magneto  ignition  and  yet 
prices  remain  the  same.  Full  particulars 
sent  for  the  asking  if  you  mention  this  paper* 


THE  Guaranteed 
Sta,-Rite  is 

questionably  the  simplest  ( 
and  strongest  farm  engine  in 
America.  Neat  in  design  and  strictly  high-^^^  grade  thru- 
out.  Always  runs  smoothly  Carries  its  load  without  a  murmur 

Fully  Guaranteed.  Stays  Right,  Year  After  Year 
Because  it  is  Made  Right 

-because  we  positively  will  not  build 

a  cheap  "bargain"  engine  jEvLvv 

I.  your  dealer  cannot  supply  you. 
write  for  illustrated  folder  show- 
ing  the  complete  Sta-Rite  Line. 


Sta-Rite 
Engine  Co. 

La  Crosse,  Wis. 


Arrow  points  to 
Sta-Rite  Magneto 


i‘Ji  i . 


Crops  and  Markets 

Wholesale  Prices  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  October  20,  1911. 


THE  DLU1N.A.G  NKVV-YORKER 


BUTTER 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 30 

Good  to  Choice . 25 

cower  Grades  . 22 

State  Dairy,  best . 28 

Common  to  Good . 22 

Factory . jjj 

Packing  Stock . ”  .17 

Elgin,  111.,  butter  market  firm  at  29  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  30  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  31  cents. 

CHEESE 


a 

to 

to 

a 

<s> 

@ 

to 


.31 

.20 

.24 

.2? 

.20 

.21 

.20 


TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadieaf-tlller . 

Fine  wrappers  . 

N.  Y. State  Fillers . 

Fine  and  Selections . 

Ohio  Zimmer  s  Spanish . 

Virginia  Dark  Lucs . 

Dark  Leaf  . . 

Bright  Cutters . 

Penn,  broad  leaf  fillers . 


.08 

.00 

.05 


to 
® 
@ 
.  1 2  to 

.19  l«) 

or  hi® 
.10  ® 

.12  to 
.10  to 


.10 

75 

.00 

.10 

.20 

.09 

.20 

.30 

.12 


though  not  as  heavy 
is  sufficiently  rich  and 
«'st  crop  of  lluhbard 
does  credit  to  ( 


1003 


as  tn  some  seasons, 
abundant.  The  larg- 
squash  we  have  had 
■  regory  of  Marblehead,  who 


Full  Cream,  best. . 

Common  to  Good . 

Skims .  . 

..  .13 

..  .10 
.  .06 

@  .14^ 

to  .12 
@  .12 

EGGS 

White,  good  to  choice . 

Mixed  Colors,  best . ” 

Common  to  Good . 

. .  .35 
..  .30 

@  .45 
®  .31 
to  .29 
to  .33 
to  .22 
to  .15 
®  ’’l 

Western,  best . . 

Under  grades . . 

Checks  and  dirties . 

..  .26 

Storage,  prime . 

BEANS 

Marrow,  100  lbs . 

viadium . 

Pea . !.!.!!..! 

Yellow  Eye . . 

Bed  Kidney . !!!! 

.  4.00 
4.00 

.  3.85 

to  4.35 
@  4.35 
to  3.90 

WhiteKidriey . 

Lima,  California . 

to  5.00 
to  5.95 

HOPS 

Prime  to  Choice . 

Common  to  Good . 

.  *53 

(31  .56 
@  .52 

Gh  49 

Pacific  (  oast . 

German  Crop,  new . 

@  9S 

DBIED  FBD1T8 

Apples,  evap.,  choice,  1911 . 

Common  to  good . 

Sun  dried . 

Cherries . 

.  .09 

.07 
.  .07 

®  .09*^ 
to  .08 
to  .07 

Raspberries . 

FKE8H  FRUITS 

Apples,  Wealthy,  bbl . 

Alexander . 

2.00 

<a>  3.50 

Wolf  River  . 

to  4.00 

to  3.00 
to  2.50 

Twenty  Ounce . 

Maiden  Blush . . 

McIntosh . 

2  00 
1.60 

Gravenstein . 

@  3  00 

Ch  3  00 

Baldwin . 

2.00 

2.011 

Greening . . 

King . 

to  2.50 

any 


Hubbardston  . 

Fall  Pippin . 

Windfalls,  bbl _ 

Crabapples,  bbl . 

Pears.  Seckel.  bbl . 

Clairgeau,  bbl . 

Bartlett,  bbl . 

Anjou,  bbi . 

Bose.  bbl. 


2.00 

2.00 

i.00 

2.00 

3.50 
2.00 
2.51) 
2.00 

2.50 


Sheldon . [  2.00 

KieiTer,  bbl . Too 

Quinces,  bbl  . !  jj'op 

Cranberries  Cape  Cod,  bbl . . t  00 

Jersey,  bbl .  0  25 

Plums,  8-lb.  bkt . 

Grapes,  Concord.  18-lb.  case  ... 

Black,  1-lb.  bkt . 

Delaware . 

Niagara . 

Bulk,  ton . 

Citron,  bbl . . 


..  .10 
. .  .40 

. .  .08 
..  .09 

..  .08 
..30.00 
..  .10 


VEGETABLES 

Potatoes,  Jersey,  bbl . 

Maine,  bng . 

Long  Island,  bbl . .  . 

Sweet  Potatoes,  bbl . 

Beets,  bbl _ 


1.85 

2.10 

2.50 

2.00 

1.00 


@  3.00 
%  3.00 
®  1.25 
to  7.00 
to  5.00 
to  4.00 
la)  5.60 
@  3.60 
®  5.50 
to  4.00 
®  2.00 
®  4.50 
@  7.50 
®  6.75 
@  .20 
to  .<50 
@  .10 
@  .12 
la)  .12 
to  6000 
®  .60 

to  2.15 
to  2.25 
@  2.75 
@  2.50 
@  1 .25 


Carrots,  bbl . .  1.25 

Cabbage,  Danish  seed,  ton . .'.11.00 


Domestic  seed,  ton . 

Caulifiowcrs,  L.  I.,  bbl . 

Cucumbers,  bbl . !!!’.!!!!! 

Celery,  Jersey,  bunch . 

Lettuce. hj-bbl.  bkt . 

Peppers,  Jersey,  bbl . 

Okra.  Jersey.  J^-bu . 

Onions.  State  and  Western,  luo  'lbs  . " 

OraDge  Co.,  bag . „„ 

White,  bu . 

Conn.  Yellow,  100-lb.  bag..'..'.'.'.'!.'  1.60 

String  BeaDs,  bu . "  .gp 

Lima  Beans,  potato,  bu . .’."!!!.".""  1  .’(HI 

Flat  kinds .  "  '75 

Spinach,  bbl . !!!!!'.!  LOO 

Squasn.  Marrow,  bbl . ...'!!.'  !,50 

Hubbard,  bbl . J5 

TurniDs,  Hntabaga.  bbl . «5 

white,  bbi . j  ob 

Tomatoes,  Jersey,  box .  25 

Hothouse,  lb . ill 

_w  NUTS 

Chestnuts,  bu . 

Shellbarks.  per  60  lbs. 


.8.00 
1 .60 
.50 
.10 
.25 
.40 
.25 
1.50 
1.60 


1 .00 
1.00 


LI  V  1C  POULT  BY 

Chickens,  Broilers,  lb .  n 

Fowls .  . 

Boosters .  . 

Ducks . . 

Geese . !!.'!!!!!!!!!!"'  p 

Turkeys . . . ....  1 3 

Guineas,  pair . !!!!!!!!,'  [40 

DRESSED  POULTRY 

Turkeys.  Spring,  best . 18 

Old  Common  to  Good . 12 

Chickens,  choice  broilers.  !!> . 22 

Broilers,  common  to  good .  18 

Boasters .  20 


@13.00 
@11.00 
®  3.00 
@  1.50 
@  .30 
@  1.00 
®  1,25 
@  .50 
®  1.65 
@  2.50 
to  2.00 
@  1.75 
@  1.25 
@  1.50 
@  1.00 
®  1.25 
to  .75 
to  1.00 
@  1.00 
to  1.26 
to  LOO 
to  .16 

to  3.50 
®  1.50 


„ 

to 

@ 

@ 

to 

to 

@ 

to 

@ 

to 

to 


•11^ 
•  12^ 
.08 
.15 
.13 
.15 
.60 

.24 

.16 

23 

.20 

.22 


Spring  Ducks,  Iti  .  . 

Squabs,  do/. . 

.  13  to  .16 

.  .15  @  .18 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 

Calves,  prime,  lb .  nig/a 

Common  to  good . 

Buttermilks . 

.  .10'  @  !ll 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Hay.  new  No.  1,  ton . 

No.  2 .  . 

.24.00  to  25.00 

No.  3 . !!!!!!!! 

Clover  Mixed . 

.19.00  Q)  20.00 

Clover . 

Straw,  Rye . 

Oat  and  Wheat . !  !!!!. 

.19.00  ©  21.00 
.16.00  to  18.00 

DIVE  STOCK 
Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 

Cows . 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs".*.. 

Culls  . 

.1.75  @  4.50 
.  5-00  @  9.50 
.  4.00  to  4.60 
.  2.50  to  3.50 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 

Lambs . 

Hogs . 

.79 

.55 

1.00 

1.20 


gbain 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.19 

No.  2,  Bed .  l!(j3 

No.  2  Hurd  Winter .  l.u 

Corn,  ns  to  quality,  bush . 73 

*  tats,  as  to  weight,  bush .  50 

Bye,  No.  2,  Western . !  .!!  .gg 

Barley,  choice . i‘u 

o  1  ,,  MILL  FEED— car  Lots 

spring  Bran, ton . .  25  40  tn)  97  no 

com  Meal .  27.00  ®  28.00 

COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  q 

XT  Middling  Gulf .  n'en 

-New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  s  oq 

Good  Middling . .  ,,*)  950 


A  $500,000  cold  storage  plant  is  to  be 
built  by  produce  merchants  of  Mobile,  Ala. 

The  Annapolis  Valley  Nova  Scotia,  will 
have  the  largest  apple  crop  known,  nearly. 
1,500,000  barrels. 

Potatoes  at  New  York  are  again  in  large 
supply  and  the  market  very  weak,  with  some 
sales  running  below  65  cents  per  bushel. 

About  SO, 000  acres  in  California  were 
planted  with  lima  beans  this  season.  The 
total  yield  will  he  about  1.200.000  sacks. 

_On  October  14.  Savannah.  Ga..  shipped 
05.756  bales  of  cotton  in  1 1  vessels.  This 
is  the  record  for  a  single  dav  from 
port. 

The  Arkansas  Valley  of  Colorado  this 
year  produced  1,400  carloads  of  muskmelons, 
330  ears  being  shipped  from  the  Rockv 
Ford  district. 

Canada's  apple  exports  thus  far  have  been 
nearly  double  last  year’s.  In  a  single  week 
recently  23,893  barrels  were  shipped  to 
Great  Britain. 

During  September  we  exported  3,751  000 
bushels  of  corn;  4.937.000  wheat-  889  000 
bead  of  live  stock,  and  13,346,000  pound's  of 
meats  and  dairy  products. 

Potato  shipments  from  Aroostook  County, 
during  September  amounted  to  2\- 
100._77  bushels.  The  entire  crop  of  the 
county  will  be  about  16,000,000  bushels. 

George  Shima,  a  thrifty  Japanese  of 
San  Joaquin  County.  Calif.,  is  expected  to 
soil  $500,000  worth  of  potatoes  this  season. 
Ihore  are  40.000  acres  in  potatoes  in  that 
section. 

Diking  the  past  month  large  quantities 
ot  low  grade  evaporated  apples  have  been 
received  at  New  York.  Not  being  suitable 
for  storage  or  current  trade  here,  they  have 
been  largely  exported  to  countries  where 
they  form  the  basis  of  cheap  wines. 

According  to  the  census  report,  the  value 
V.,nliianu Dirod  goods  in  this  country  in 
1909  was  $20,672,052,000.  an  increase  of  40 
P°r  in  five  years.  There  were  208  401 

establishments.  with  capital  of  $18  428  270- 
average  number  of  employes  was 
OOO  an<5  tllc  wa£(’s  Paid.  $3,427,038,- 


supplied  the  seed.” 

Wheat  grows  well  in  many  parts  of  Co¬ 
lumbia  County,  N.  y.  but  was  largely  dis¬ 
placed  by  rye,  on  account  of  the  value  of 
t  no  straw  for  paper  making,  since  the 
elino  ol  the  paper  industry, 
found  a  ready  market 
other  cities  for  beddin 


rye 


prices. 


straw 
in  New  York 
?,  usually  at 


There 

secured 

Whether 


Is  no  doubt  that  the  buyers  have 
the  bulk  of  the  storage  space. 
i-«-  !*  * by,  concerted  action  or  not  it  is 

difficult  to  determine.  [  secured  1.000  bar- 
rcl  space  early  in  August  at  tlir 
cold  storage,  and  was  notified 
after  that  ttie  70.000  barrel 
taken,  so  that  I  could  not  secure  any  more 
\ory  few  buyers  bore,  and  the  bidding  for 
apples  is  not  very  brisk.  Most  oreha 
sold  so  far  tree  run,  buyer  to  pack 
Monroe  Co..  N.  Y.  s  w  w 


Fairbanks-Morse 
Eclipse  Pumper 


A  high  grade  Pumping 
Engine  at  the  $CA  00 
Low  Price  of  *^,== 


I  Ti  1 1  ton 
a  short  time 
space  was  all 


The  market  on  bulk  grapes  for  juice  and 
wine  making  is  strong.  Reports  from  west- 
( in  New  York  are  that  $25  per  ton  for  vino- 
>a  «  run,  and  up  to  $32  for  selected  is  being 
paid  by  manufacturers.  The  harvest 
far  indicates  a  total  crop  of  about 
to  last  year’s.  In  the  Lake  Keuka 
however,  the  crop  is  one  of  the 
record. 

Owing 


Prices  for  (Jrapes. 

<  an  you  give  us  the  prices  paid 
grapes  used  for  making  grape  juice  in 
Chautauqua,  New  York,  district? 

h.  w.  c. 

Of  course,  these  are  not  the  ordinary 
market  prices,  nor  the  prices  which  other 
grape  juice  concerns  paid.  For  instance, 
first  seven  days  of  this  season  we  paid 
per  ton.  and  the  highest  prices  paid 
by  any  shipping  concern  or  grape  juice 
company  was  $24.  We  are  now  paving 
$..0.  and  the  highest  price  otherwise  is 
$—o.  In  1906  and  1907  we  averaged  $40 
per  ton.  In  1908  we  averaged  a  little 
$33,  ill  1909.  $28.50,  in  1910,  $43. 
year  if  the  growers  hurry  their  grapes 
in  the  price  will  come  down.'  If  they  are 
moderate,  we  think  tile  price  will  advance 
some.  THE  welch  grape  juice  company. 


the 

$29 


over 

This 


Plus  the  freight  from  factory, 
Beloit, Wis.  Buy  One  Now 

It  is  a  FourCycle  Water  Cooled 
Gasoline  Engine  and  Pump  Jack 
ready  to  attach  to  any  pump 

A  reliable  engine,  so  simple  a 
child  can  start  it. 

Will  pump  200  to  2000  gallons 
per  hour  depending  on  size  and 
type  of  pump  and  lift. 

Engine  has  two  belt  pulleys 
at  different  speeds 
for  driving  cream 
separator,  churn, 
grind  stone,  etc. 

Catalog  shows 
how  to  attach 
to  other  pumps 
and  farm  ma¬ 
chines. 

„  ,  ,  Send  for  Free 

Catalog  No.  AIZ598 


Fairbanks.  Morse  &  Co. 


harness 


KING  custom 

MADE  _ 

Xing  Harness  Co.,  6  Lake  St.,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.,N.Y. 


WE  WILL  SEND  WITHOUT  MONEY 

eitlier  tl'is  Henutlfii!  Closterof  Puffs  mnile  of 


thus 
equal 
section, 
smallest  on 


to  peculiarities  of  climate,  to- 
m  a  toes  bn  ve  not  boon  considered 
outdoor  crop  in  England.  They 
to  perfection  there  under 
product  is  generally 
ers  with  small 
and  the  Continent 
titles  to  English 
at 


a  reliable 
are  grown 
glass,  but  this 
too  expensive  for  bu.v- 
means.  The  Channel  Islands 
send  considerable  quan- 
markets.  the  wholesale 
price  at  present  being  about  two  cents  per 
pound.  An  experimental  shipment  recently 
made  then'  from  the  United  States  showed 
that  tomatoes  will  carry  well  across  the 
Atlantic,  and  that  there  is  some  possibility 
in  a  late  season  trade,  when  the  English 
supply  is  running  short.  Good  quality  and 
smooth,  uni  form  size  are  necessary. 


$2.10  per  bushel; 
to  56  cents  per 


potatoes  range 
bushel  of  60 
e.  j.  r. 


Beans, 
from  45 
pounds. 

Greenville.  Mich. 

.  The  “bumper”  crop  of  grapes  in  tills  sec¬ 
tion.  all  in,  and  they  were  fine.  No  frost 
yet  < October  13)  to  do  anv  damage. 

Stevensville,  Mich.  i„  c.  s. 

The  apple  crop  in  this  locality  does  not 
figure  much  in  a  commercial  way.  Wo  have 
a  nice  crop  which  will  all  he  sold  in  local 
markets  for  about  $1  per  bushel.  The  bulk 
of  tile  crop  is  of  the  Smith  Cider  variety, 
which,  will  lie  sold  at  a  lower  price  or  made 
into  cider,  but  the  large  crop  of  this  variety 
may  depress  the  price  of  the  better  kinds. 

Fallsington,  Pa.  r.  p.  l. 

T  have  raised  potatoes  for  20  years  in 
one  of  the  greatest  potato  counties  of  tlie 
I  nited  States,  if  not  the  greatest  for  the 
number  of  acres;  it  stands  third  anyway'. 

I  he  crop  in  old  Steuhon  is  not  over 
one-half ;  less  acreage  and  frost  September 
14  makes  this  county  short.  Lots  of  pieces 
are  not  worth  digging  even  at  60  cents, 
price  at  car.  I  have  one  piece  of  six  acres 
that  I  went  over  17  times  in  just  working 
them  and  they  will  not  turn  over  600 
bushels  in  all.  s.  c.  taylor. 

Steuben  Co.,  N.  Y. 

This  is  a  great  potato  section.  Farmers 
are  getting  60  to  65  cents  per  bushel  for 
them.  Apples.  75  and  80  cents  per  hundred 
at  canning  factory.  Oats,  40  cents  per 
bushel  ;  wheat,  $1.10  for  seed  ;  corn,  $1  60 
per  hundred  ;  buckwheat.  $1.30  per  hundred  ; 
bran.  $1.50  per  hundred.  No  silage  sold 
here.  Hay,  $20  per  ton.  Manure  about 
50  cents  per  ton.  nogs,  five  cents  per 

Srn'V1  °.10  conts-  New  milch  cows, 

$.>o  to  $60;  Spring  calves,  $10;  veals  eight 
cents;  fat  cattle,  three  to  four  cents  per 

SrUild  3<Pod  1,orsos-  *150  to  $200.  Butter 
25  to  28  rents  ;  eggs.  25  to  28  cents 
by  the  quart,  five  cents;  at 
per  hundred. 

Cohoeton.  N.  Y. 

This  clipping  from  the  Catham  Courier  of 
September  27  sounds  pretty  good.  If  wheat 
in  (  olumbia  county  can  bo  so  easily  raised, 
whv  don't  the  farmers  grow  more  of  if3 

Maine-  READER. 

The  clipping  states  that  on  the  farms  of 
the  Shakers,  at  Now  Lebanon.  N.  Y.  : 

‘  (  rops  have  been  harvested  in  good  sea- 
son  aiHl  condition.  The  hay  harvest  was 
light,  but  grain  was  abundant  and  satisfac¬ 
tory.  One  acre  of  wheat  produced  41 
bushels.  Early  potatoes  were  large,  abun¬ 
dant  and  of  excellent  finality.  Ensilage  fills 
one  big  silo  and  one  little  one.  an  unusually 
large  harvest.  Cattle  are  in  prime  condi¬ 
tion.  Small  fruits  did  well.  Pears  and 
plums  were  excellent.  The  apple  crop. 


Hiih  Human  Hair  or  a  22-Inch  Switch  or 
lustrous  straight  or  wavy  Human  Hair. 

Examine  It  and  convince  yourself  that 
it  la  the  l.iggeat  bargain  yon  could  get. 
If  satisfactory  remit  $1.50  for  puir*  or  $2 
for  switch.  Otherwise  return  in  10 
days.  Blonde  or  gray  shades  cost  a  little 
more.  Send  sample  of  hair. 

You  ran  earn  either  article  free.  Ask  ns 
Imw  Ask  for  new  free  catalog  illustrating 
latest  styles  lit  hair-dressing. 

LEADING  FASHION  CO,,  Dept.  B,  153  Sixth  Ave.,  New  York 

GUERNSEY  BULL  FOR  SALE 

PRINCE  OF  ANNANDALE,  A.  G.  C.  C.  12446. 
Sire  Y  ERIBEST,  9845.  Dam  BETTY  ALDEN,  10197. 
Fine  specimen,  gentle,  in  perfect  health. 

Robert  Angus,  Supt./’Croydon,”  Tarrytown,  N.  Y. 

DF^COL  4th^  SERVICE  NEtWeRLAND 

hall  p  airs.  Price,  $100  f.  o.  1..  Send  for  ne.lier, 

CLOVERDALE  FARM,  Charlotte.  N.  V! 

CHESHIRES  —The  long,  deep-bodied,  white  bacon  liog- 

prize  winners  at  State  and  comity  fair! 

E.  K.  MORSE,  Moravia,  N.  if. 


Clevplond 


New  York. 


i 


'It 

w. 


Write  your  wants. 


LARGE  —BROOKFIELD  FARM—  YORKSHIRES 

I  lgs  ot  June  or  August  farrow,  both  sexes,  from 
thf  ‘JHPi'oyed  type  ami  registered  breeding,  for 
sale  at  $10  each  t.o  b.  Buffalo,  crated  with  registered 
certificate.  W.  Allan  Gardner,  Snyder,  Erie  County,  N.Y. 

MILCH  GOATS  fHwToKgeuburgBucMyrs.; 

Ill  I  L.U  1 1  Own  O  huge,  vigorous;  tawny  color- 

E.  N.  Barrett,  Bedford  Hills,  N.Y 


THE  IDEAL 
HOME  COUNTRY 

lies  in  the  wide  territory  traversed  by  the  Southern  Ry. 
Sysicm.  From  the  high  lands  of  the  Appalachians,  with 
their  dry.  healthy  climate ,  to  the  Piedmont  section,  with  its 
heavv  yielding  land,,  on  to  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts 
where  every  crop  thrive , — somewhere  in  this  broad  territory 
you  can  find  a  place  just  suited  to  your  needs  and  mean, 

Land  prices  range  from  $15  to  $50  per 

a,cre-  ,*  he  hr?*  Year  s  crop  often  more  than  returns 
tne  purchase  pnee. 

All  grasses,  grains,  fruits  and  vegetables  known  to  the 
temperate  zone  thrive  in  the  Southeast.  Alfalfa  grows 
neariy  everywhere— 4  to  6  tons  per  acre  not  uncom- 

inn5,t0  Is™*'' l0"  paiJ  *.S-callY-  APPIe  orchard 
an  acre-  Jruck  gardening  yield-. 
$ZUU  to  $400  per  acre— everything  else  in  proportion. 

i  he  Southeast  is  the  farmer’s  paradise. 

.  we  have  booklets  giving  full  information  of  conditions 
‘"each  Southeastern  State.  Address 

V.  RICHARDS,  Land  &  Industrial  Agt. 

Southern  Railway.  Room>87 
Washington.  D.  C. 


The  Rochester  Produce 

&  Commission  Company 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 

Highest  Prices  Paid  for  Butter,  Cheese,  Eggs.  Lard. 

Poultry,  Calves,  Beans,  Potatoes,  Etc. 
244-246  Clinton  Avenue,  North  ROCHESTER.  N.  Y. 


well  marked:  horned. 


Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Prodnce.  Consignments  Solicited 


Hounds 

raining, 

R.F.D.2. 


Milk 
creamery,  $1.25 
N.  H. 


TRAINED  COON  and  Opossum 

ii in i it l u  UUUI1,  on  trial.  Dogs  for  fall 
$8  each ;  puppies,  $4,  J.  0.  Stemple,  Ada,  Ohio 

PULLETS  and  YEARLING  HENS  wau 

dottes  single  and  rose  comb;  Brown  and  W.  Le". 

'  i  ^e,ls;  from  80  (’ents  Per  head  up.  Write 
I”*  i'‘st  'vbatyou  want  and  how  much  von  wish  to 
invest.  Maple  Csve  Poultry  Yards,  R.  24  Athens.  Pa. 

POULTRY  SEED  CORN 

Specially  small  for  poultry.  Best  of  its  kind.  No 
f necessary.  Only  small 
it  £>,60  per  bushel.  MAPLE  GLEN 
_ _ Millerton,  N.  Y. 

T°  FARMERS  We  want  to  hear  from  farmers 

who  can  ship  not  less  than  one  crate  per  week 
of  the  highest  graded  white  eggs.  Grading  and 
price  under  your  control;  no  commission;  inime- 

GARD^N’^FARM'^RQSEi^fNDf^N.'j'.^^  StM“N(* 

FARMS  £n-culav -free.  Dept.  151,  I.eland’s 

U  1  arm  Agency,  31  Milk  St.,  Boston 

FRUIT  FARM  to  let;  fine  opportunity  for  experienced, 

hustling,  reliable  fruit  man.  W.  M.  E.,  care  R.N  -Y 

FOR  SALE-F-nrm  of  3n7  a,7es:  half  mile  from 

i  on  wn i- ‘-  village,  railroad,  creamery,  church, 
store,  school;  two  miles  large  village.  16-rooni 
house,  tu rnace,  bath,  hot  and  cold  water.  Overshot 
barn,  62x62  ;  38 head  of  stock,  team,  hay,  machinery, 
uSvtow'  1  nee  for  all.  $15,000.  OGDENS 
AGENCY,  Walton.  Delaware  County,  N.  Y. 


grinding  or 
amount  left 
POULTRY  FARM. 


93-95  South  Market  St., 


Boston. 


p  LISA  SIC  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com 

mission  House  in  New  York.  Kst.  1838.  Butter 
Eggs,  J  iiiiitry,  Pork.  Calves,  Hay.  Grain.  Beam-' 


Apples,  ei 


1C.  II.  11  IIOIIIV A Ull,  302  l,'i'c«uv*l«lt  Si. 


am 

N.l  . 


Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipment*  solicited.  JELUFFE,  WRIGHT  A  CO.  <  <>m 
mission  Merchants.  284  Washington  St., New  York. 

GEO^>.  HAMMONI).  EST.  1875.  FRANK  W.  GOOWIN 


GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  CO 


and  Hot  house  Products  a  Specialty ! ''Comdgu'ii.ents 

solicited.  34  Si  30  Little  13th  St..  New  York- 

Apples— Potatoes 

anti  all  Fruits  and  Vegetables,  Fane v 
Eggs;  Hothouse  Products.  Top  prices 
secured  for  choice  products. 

Archdeacon  &  C®. ,  100  Murray  St,,  New  York 

JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  HEW  YORK 

ROULTRV  FARM  EGGSOUR  SPECIALTY 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 


Biff  Stumps  Pulled 

Quick  and  Easy  ZlrECZ 

Pulls  an  acre  a  day.  It  doubles  land  values.  Enables  you  to 
grow  crops  instead  of  paying  taxes  on  land  that  yields  nothing. 

HERCULES 

More  power  than  a  tractor.  60  per  cent  lighter, 

406  per  cent  stronger  than  cast  iron  nuller.  30 
days’  free  trial.  3-year  guarantee  to  replace, 
free,  all  castings  that  break  from  any  cause 
whatever.  Double  safety  ratchets  insure  safe¬ 
ty  to  men  and  team.  Accurate  turning  means 
light  draft.  Mail  postal  for  free  book  show- 
jug  photos  and  letters  from  owners.  Tells 
_how  to  turn  stump  land  into  big 

money.  Special  introductory 
interest  you.  Write  now. 

HERCULES  HEP.  CO.. 


price  proposition  will 


ISO -17th  St. 
Centerville,  Iowa 


October  28,  1911. 


1064 


THE  RURA.I>  NEW-YORKER 


Your  Choice 

OF  ANY  OF  THESE  EDISONS 


Yes,  FREE 

Shipped  posi- 

tively  and  abso- 

__  lutely  free.  Y ou  do 

now  or  later.  We  don’t  ask  you  to  keep  the  phonograph 
we  just  as£  you  to  accept  it  as  a  free  loan.  We  do  not  even  ask  you  tor  any  deposit  or  any 
guarantee,  not  even  any  C.  O.  D.  payment  to  us.  All  we  ask  is  that  you  tell  us  which  of  the 
magnificent  Edison  outfits  you  prefer  so  that  we  can  send  that  one  to  you  on  this  free  loan  offer. 


You  Don’t  Have 
to  Buy  Anything 


Just  Take  Your  Choice 

Get  any  of  the  outfits  shown  above — your  choice  of  records,  too.  Simply  get  the  phonograph 
and  the  records  and  use  them  free  just  as  though  they  were  your  own.  Entertain  yourself,  your  family  and  your 
friends,  too,  if  you  wish,  with  everything,  from  the  catchiest,  newest  popular  songs,  side-splitting  minstrels  and  vaude¬ 
ville  monologues  to  the  famous  grand  operas,  Alllb6rol<t  and  other  records  sung  by  the  world’s  greatest  artists.  Hear  all  this  to  pei- 
fection  on  the  Edison  Phonograph.  After  you  have  had  all  this  entertainment  absolutely  free,  then  you  may  simply  send  the  outfit  right  back 
at  OUr  expense.  Now  if  one  of  your  friends  wishes  to  get  such  an  outfit  tell  him  that  he  can  get  the  rock-bottom  price,  on  easy  payments, 
^  too ;  even  as  low  as  $2.00  a  month  Without  interest.  But  that’s  not  what  we  ask  of  you.  We  just  want  to  send  you  your  choice  of 
the'  latest  style  Edison  Phonograph  free — your  choice  of  records,  too,  all  free — then  we’ll  convince  you  of  the  magnificent  superiority 
PQrr  of  the  new  style  Edison.  It  will  cost  us  a  little  in  express  charges  to  get  the  phonograph  back  from  you  that  is  true— but  we'll  feel 

f  t El  amply  repaid  for  that,  knowing  that  we  have  made  you  a  friend  and  a  walking  advertisement  ol  the  new  style  Edison  Phonograph. 

COUPON'v  Send  Coupon  for  New  Edison  Books  FREE  Today 

u  r  n  r  o  fmr Get  our  handsome  Free  Edison  Catalog  and  list  of  oyer  1500  records  so 
F.  n.  BA BSU N  you  can  select  just  the  machine  and  the  songs,  recitations,  etc.,  you  want 

to  hear  on  this  ultra  generous  offer.  Remember,  there  is  absolutely  no  obligation  on  your 
Without  obligations  on  me,  pieaseT^  part  at  all.  All  you  need  to  do  is  to  return  the  outfit  at  our  expense  when  you  are  through  with  it.  If 
-d  ™  y°u  enjoy  good  music,  and  the  finest  and  most  varied  entertainment  that  it  is  possible  to  imagine,  or  if  you 

my° choicest aa  new  style  Edison  Phonograph.  want  to  give  your  family  and  friends  a  treat,  such  as  they  could  not  possibly  get  through  any  other  means, 

then  you  should  certainly  send  the  Free  Coupon  to-day.  Don’t  wait — your  name  and  address  on  a 
postal  will  do,  but  the  coupon  is  handier.  No  letter  necessary.  Be  certain  to  write  while  the  offer 
lasts.  Better  write  to-day. 


Name _ 


Address.. 


F.  K.  BABSON,  EDISON  PHONOGRAPH  DISTRIBUTERS 

Dept.  4297,  Edison  Block,  Chicago 


WESTERN  OFFICE:  6S  Post  Street,  San  Francisco,  California 
CANADIAN  OFFICE!  355  Portage  Avenue,  Winnipeg,  Canada 


No  letter  necessary,  just  sign  and  mail  this  free  coupon  right  NOW.  TODAY. 


•  • 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4123. 


NEW  YORK,  NOVEMBER  4,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR. 


.  ANOTHER  STEP  IN  SILO  BUILDING. 
Building  of  Drain  Tile. 

The  farmers  of  Marshall  County,  Iowa,  have  in¬ 
vented  a  novel  building  material  for  silos.  They  are 
uring  six-inch  drain  tile  set  on  end  and  notched  so 
the  tile  interlocks.  The  wall  thus  formed  is  plas¬ 
tered  on  the  inside  and  on  the  outside.  The  building 
tubes  resemble  ordinary  six-inch  drain  tile  except 
that  the  walls  are  heavier  and  slotted  at  four  points 
90  degrees  apart  to  a  depth  of  one-fourth  the  length 
of  the  tiles.  The  tubes  are  set  on  end  so  that  the 
slots  of  each  tube  interlock  with  four  other  tubes, 
making  a  very  strong,  firm  wall.  The  green  tubes 
are  slotted  as  they  come  from  the  die,  but  the  pieces 
of  the  notch  are  not  knocked  out  till  the  tubes  have 
been  hauled  to  the  spot  where  the  silo  is  to  be  erected. 
The  notches  can  easily  be  knocked  out  with  a  light 
hammer,  and  the  pieces  used  in  the  concrete  floor. 

After  the  hole  for  the  foundation  of  the  silo  has 
been  dug,  the  concrete 
floor  is  laid.  Then  the 
wall  is  started  by  set¬ 
ting  up  the  course  of 
tubes.  After  this  the 
work  proceeds  very 
rapidly  since  the  build¬ 
er  has  merely  to  stack 
the  tubes  up,  one  tier 
upon  another.  When  the 
wall  is  about  eight  feet 
high  it  is  trued  up  and 
the  grooves  plastered. 

This  filling  up  of  the 
grooves  is  called  corru¬ 
gating,  and  it  can  be 
done  very  quickly,  since 
each  stroke  of  the 
trowel  takes  up  about  18 
inches  of  the  groove. 

This  leaves  the  wall  per¬ 
fectly  ridged. 

The  scaffolding  is  built 
on  a  center  pole  and 
rests  upon  the  inside  of 
the  silo  wall.  The  wall 
is  set  up  and  corru¬ 
gated  on  the  inside  and 
then  a  scaffold  is  swung 
from  the  roof  to  plas¬ 
ter  the  outside.  A  good 
gang  of  five  men  have 
been  known  to  set  up  and  corrugate  a  14x30-foot  silo 
in  a  day.  This  is  as  quick  as  a  stone  silo  can  be 
built,  and  the  plastering  can  be  done  in  almost  the 
time  that  it  would  take  to  paint  a  stone  silo.  This 
type  of  silo  has  the  advantage  of  a  10-inch  wall  with  a 
six-inch  air  space  which  insures  against  freezing. 
The  inner  surface  of  the  wall  is  absolutely  smooth, 
which  permits  the  silage  to  be  packed  down  around 
the  edges,  thus  doing  away  entirely  with  spoiled 
silage.  It  combines  all  the  good  qualities  of  a  stone 
silo  with  the  lasting  qualities  of  a  masonry  silo. 

Many  silos  of  this  type  have  been  built  in  this 
country  the  past  few  years;  some  reinforced  with 
iron  hoops,  but  several  with  no  reinforcing  whatever. 
They  have  all  proven  successful,  and  the  owners  say 
they  are  ahead  of  any  other  kind  of  silos  they  have 
ever  seen. 

Such  a  silo  is  shown  in  Fig.  426,  while  Fig.  427,  on 
next  page,  shows  the  slotted  tile,  and  the  way  tiles  are 
put  together.  The  rapidity  of  construction  cheapens 
the  labor  cost  in  a  marked  degree.  c.  v.  hill. 

Iowa. 


WHAT  IS  “HOMOGENIZED  CREAM”? 
What  Can  Be  Done  With  It? 

The  R.  N.-Y.  has  mentioned  what  it  calls  “homo¬ 
genized  cream.”  What  is  it? 

Our  first  information  came  from  a  bulletin  issued 
by  the  Vermont  Experiment  Station  at  Burlington. 
As  we  understand  it,  this  cream  has  been  subjected 
to  a  very  high  pressure  (3,000  pounds  or  more  to  the 
inch).  This  pressure  breaks  up  the  fat  globules  in 
milk  or  cream  and  thus  changes  their  character. 

Will  not  such  cream  “rise”? 

We  understand  not.  It  is  almost  impossible  to  get 
such  cream  out  of  milk  with  a'  separator,  for  when 
it  is  mixed  with  the  mass  it  becomes  identical  all 
through. 

What  is  the  machine  which  does  this  thing  like? 

The  machine  is  essentially  a  system  of  three  or 
more  pumps,  so  arranged  as  to  force  milk  or  cream 
(or  other  liquid  substances)  against  a  very  stiff 


6pring  which  necessitates  a  high  pressure  to  over¬ 
come  it.  This  projects  or  squirts  the  milk  through  a 
small  aperture  upon  a  hard  surface  which  serves  to 
pulverize  or  spatter  the  globules  of  milk  fat  into 
many  bits.  Though  the  globules  are  already  micro¬ 
scopic  in  size,  the  homogenizing  makes  them  more  so, 
until  it  will  require  50  to  100  particles  after  treatment 
to  equal  in  total  volume  one  globule  before  treatment. 

How  much  does  it  cost? 

One  small  machine  may  be  bought  for  $1,000,  but 
the  regular  stock  sizes  cost  from  $2,500  to  $5,000. 
Only  the  larger  concerns  can  afford  to  use  them. 

What  can  they  be  used  for? 

Such  cream  or  thickened  milk  would  be  good  for 
ice  cream  making.  Very  likely  also  a  “fake  milk”  will 
result  from  it.  In  answer  to  this,  one  of  our  leading 
dairy  authorities  tells  us : 

“It  is  a  fact  that  different  oils  may  be  worked  up 
with  skim-milk  and  remain  in  suspension  a  very  long 
time.  I  have  produced  a  mixture  of  commercially 
pure  corn  oil  and  skim-milk  which  had  not  separated 
at  the  end  of  one  year’s  time.  The  cream  had  risen 


but  the  fat  had.  not  come  clear  as  before  treatment. 
1  have  drunk  milk  and  used  cream  which  was  pro¬ 
duced  by  the  mixture  of  unsalted  butter  and  skim- 
milk”? 

But  could  they  really  make  what  you  call  a  “fake 
milk?” 

Unquestionably  oleomargarine,  or  fish,  or  vegetable 
oils  could  be  worked  up  with  skim-milk  to  produce 
emulsion  which  would  resemble  natural  milk  in  all 
characteristics  save  that  of  flavor  and  melting  points 
of  fat. 

Has  this  been  attempted  yet? 

We  are  not  yet  prepared  to  say,  but  we  think  it 
likely  experiments  are  now  being  made  by  the  oleo 
and  other  oil  men  to  work  up  milk  substitutes.  They 
will  be  hard  to  detect.  It  seems  to  be  settled  that 
with  this  machine  unsalted  butter  can  be  worked  up 
so  it  will  mix  with  skim-milk  and  pass  for  either 
whole  milk  or  cream.  That  is  the  present  danger  to 
the  dairy  milk  industry.  It  would  be  a  very  nice  legal 

point  to  prove  that  such 
a  mixture  was  bogus, 
and  new  laws  would 
probably  b  e  needed. 
This  machine  is  quite 
new  in  this  country  as 
yet.  It  remains  to  be 
seen  what  the  fake  milk¬ 
men  will  try  to  do  with 
it;  but  the  chemists  and 
the  lawyers  should  be 
on  guard. 

What  does  the  ma¬ 
chine  look  like? 

A  picture  taken  from 
the  manufacturer’s  cata¬ 
logue  is  shown  at  Fig. 
428. 

What  do  the  manu¬ 
facturers  claim  for  it? 

That  homogenized 
cream  mixed  with  milk 
is  superior  for  feeding 
infants  or  invalids,  and 
better  for  ice  cream 
making.  They  claim 
that  a  four  -  per  -  cent 
milk  “homogenized” 
looks  like  eight-per-cent 
cream  and  gives  better 
satisfaction  for  coffee 
or  cereals.  They  also 
claim  that  “cream”  can  be  made  at  any  time  by  ice 
cream  or  hotel  men.  To  do  this  butter  and  skim-milk 
are  run  through  the  machine.  If  there  is  no  skim- 
milk,  milk  powder  mixed  with  water  or  diluted  con¬ 
densed  milk  will  answer.  This  is  a  direct  invitation 
to  make  a  “fake”  milk,  which,  if  carried  out  by  the 
large  hotel  keepers,  will  certainly  affect  the  milk 
market. 


AN  OLD  TREE  AGENT  TALKS. 

I  have  been  interested  in  your  discussion  of  the 
tree  agent,  but  while  impelled  to  give  my  views,  have 
kept  silent  until  your  direct  appeal  on  page  966.  I 
believe  I  can  throw  some  light  on  the  subject,  as 
more  than  40  years  ago  I  was  an  agent  and  for 
several  years  a  dealer,  and  I  can,  I  believe,  speak 
without  prejudice,  for  I  have  been  out  of  the  busi¬ 
ness  for  30  years.  In  its  nature  the  nursery  business 
in  all  its  branches  gives  room  for  deception,  for  it 
is  so  long  between  planting  and  fruiting.  But  it 
has  been  my  observation  that  no  business  or  pro¬ 
fession  is  free  from  the  practice  of  deception,  and 


AN  IOWA  DRAIN  TILE  SILO.  Fin.  426. 


106tt 


that  in  the  tree  business  as  in  other  business,  honesty 
and  fair  dealing  predominate,  and  bring  more  pros¬ 
perity  in  the  long  run. 

No  doubt  large  planters  can  buy  trees  more  cheaply 
directly  from  nurserymen,  and  no  doubt  the  traveling 
salesman  sells  nine-tenths  of  the  trees  planted,  and 
further  there  can  be  little  doubt  that  he  inspires  the 
planting  of  a  very  large  proportion  of  the  trees  he 
sells.  The  planter  may  intend  to  plant  an  orchard, 
but  he  postpones  it.  The  solicitor  induces  him  to 
make  no  further  delay,  and  in  that  way  nine-tenths 
of  the  orchards  are  planted.  There  must  have  been 
some  agents  and  nurserymen  who  have  been  honest, 
for  r  can  pass  hundreds  of  orchards  in  this  part  of 
Indiana  in  which  I  recognize  Grimes  Golden,  Bald¬ 
win,  King  of  Tompkins  County,  Rome  Beauty  and 
many  other  excellent  varieties.  I  am  myself  a  planter 
and  have  60  or  70  acres  of  apples,  and  while  in  one 
orchard  I  have  a  few  Ben  Davis  which  I  never 
bought,  I  have  whole  blocks  of  Grimes  Golden  and 
Jonathan  and  the  other  varieties  which  I  did  buy. 

I  have  purchased  almost  exclusively  of  nurserymen. 

I  do  not  see  why  the  dealer  or  agent  should  be 
distrusted  more  than  the  nurseryman.  He  grows 
no  trees.  He  buys  what  he  sells.  All  varieties  are 
usually  the  same  price.  Then  why  should  the  dealer 
substitute?  I  can  see  why  a  nurseryman  who  is 
overstocked  with  something  might  try,  to  work  it 
off.  In  fact,  only  a  short  time  ago  a  Michigan 
grower  of  great  prominence  substituted  something 
else  for  Glen  Mary  strawberries  for  me.  He  had 
the  impudence  to  claim  the  right.  In  another  in¬ 
stance,  when  a  young  dealer,  I  purchased  fine, 
healthy  two-year-old  pears  from  a  firm  (long  since 
dissolved  by  death)  at  Geneva,  N.  Y.  I  was  young, 
and  they  brought  on  the  packing  grounds  four-year- 
old  cut-back  trees  that  I  would  not  have  accepted 
as  a  gift.  My  notices  of  delivery  were  out,  and  I 
had  to  ship  600  miles.  It  was  a  sore  strait,  but  I 
compelled  them  to  dig  by  lantern  light  at  night 
under  threat  to  reject  everything.  My  customers 
on  that  occasion  had  nothing  to  complain  of  the 
dealer.  • 

In  regard  to  that  countermand,  no  man  with 
capital  enough  to  live  through  six  months  and  pay 
I- is  traveling  expenses  could  be  induced  to  sell  trees 
or  anything  else  on  commission.  The  nurseryman  or 
dealer  must  of  necessity  make  advances  to  agents. 
He  does  this  on  the  supposition  that  the  orders  are 
genuine  and  from  responsible  men.  An  order  is 
nothing  more  nor  less  than  a  contract.  A  contract 
is  always  between  two  or  more  parties,  and  is  a 
voluntary  act,  binding  upon  all.  It  is  true  you 
cannot  compel  anyone  to  perform  a  contract,  but 
you  can  recover  damages  for  non-performance.  The 
duty  of  the  man  who  sold  his  farm,  which  is  the 
basis  of  this  whole  controversy,  was  plain.  He 
should  have  sold  the  trees,  or  provided  for  their  ac¬ 
ceptance  by  the  purchaser  of  the  farm.  Failing  in 
that,  he  should  have  offered  to  pay  the  nurseryman 
for  any  expense  incurred.  I  am  surprised  that  there 
should  ever  have  been  a  controversy. 

INDIANA  PLANTE*. 

BEGINNING  IN  THE  BEE  BUSINESS. 

I  have  a  farm  of  90  acres,  with  25  under  cultivation, 
and  one  leg  to  farm  it  with.  I  find  it  too  hard  for  me.  I 
am  going  into  the  bee  business,  but  have  had  no  experi¬ 
ence.  Will  you  give  me  a  few  good  facts?  j.  s.  s. 

Tonfield,  I’a. 

The  facts  which  J.  S.  S.  asks  for  have  been  given 
in  the  bee  papers  and  books  time  and  again,  and  will 
bear  repetition  as  long  as  there  are  beginners  in 
the  bee  business.  They  run  about  as  follows:  First, 
unless  you  are  willing  to  lose  your  investment,  stay 
out  of  it,  or  make  it  small  and  grow  into  it.  There 
is  probably  not  one  man  in  one  thousand  w’ho,  with¬ 
out  previous  experience,  could  take  a  fair-sized  apiary 
and  run  it  one  year,  Summer  and  Winter,  and  break 
anywhere  near  even.  The  advice  given  so  often  by 
the  best  writers  is  begin  with  one  or  two  colonies,  and 
build  up,  but  I  would  not  limit  the  beginner  to  less 
than  10  if  he  can  buy  them  cheap  enough  to  stand 
the  loss  if  he  fails,  for  if  he  has  several  to  start 
with  he  will  be  likely  to  work  a  part  of  them  at 
least  so  that  the  mistakes  he  will  surely  make  with 
some  of  them  will  not  leave  him  entirely  out  of 
the  game.  No  one  should  think  of  making  bee¬ 
keeping  a  business  who  cannot  give  the  bees  the 
“right  of  way”  over  anything  else  that  he  may  have 
on  hand.  The  bees  must  have  the  proper  attention, 
at  the  proper  time,  to  win  out. 

A  beginner  should  get  one  or  more  of  the  text¬ 
books  on  bee  keeping  and  learn  everything  there  is 
in  it  from  cover  to  cover;  then  with  a  few  colonies 
to  work  with,  he  is  liable  to  develop  a  true  case  of 
lee  fever;  in  which  case  he  is  perfectly  safe  to 
\  ork  out  the  problem  of  making  bees  pay  for  him¬ 
self,  for  bees  certainly  will  pay  in  a  good  location 
with  proper  care.  I  would  also  say  be  sure  in 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

buying  bees  that  you  are  getting  healthy  stock,  as 
it  would  be  worse  than  useless  for  a  beginner  to 
try  to  cure  a  case  of  “foul  brood,”  which,  in  spite 
of  State  inspectors  and  foul  brood  legislation  in  the 
different  States,  is  spreading  with  alarming  rapidity. 
The  bee  journals  are  very  helpful  and  a  necessity 
to  anyone  at  all  largely  interested  in  bees,  but  they 
will  not  take  the  place  of  good  text-books.  It  is 
often  advisable,  especially  for  a  young  man  who 
intends  to  take  up  bee-keeping  for  a  life  business,  to 
work  a  year  or  two  for  some  bee-keeper  who  runs 
several  yards  and  raises  honey  by  the  carload.  But 
study  and  practice  will  place  a  man  where  he  can 
make  a  fair  success  without  serving  an  apprentice¬ 
ship.  An  often  repeated  bit  of  advice  is,  after  making 
your  start,  make  the  bees  pay  for  all  further  invest¬ 
ments.  I  have  personally  proved  this  to  be  a  sound 


HOW  THE  TILE  ARE  NOTCHED.  Fig.  427. 


business  proposition.  Also,  if  going  into  the  busi¬ 
ness,  get  a  good  strain  of  Italian  bees,  and  standard 
fixtures;  the  reasons  for  this  will  be  obvious  soon 
after  the  start  is  made,  and  it  will  be  a  matter  of 
regret  if  this  is  disregarded.  J.  a.  crane. 

New  York.  _ 

APPLES  ON  A  MILK  ROUTE. 

On  page  1006  we  printed  the  little  circular  which  Mr. 
A.  J.  l'ierpont  of  Connecticut  uses  to  develop  an  apple 
trado  on  his  milk  route.  There  was  a  little  coupon  to  be 
put  in  a  milk  bottle  when  apples  were  wranted.  Mr. 
Pierpoat  now  tells  about  this  business : 

The  apple  slips  have  worked  very  well.  We  sim¬ 
ply  distributed  them  around  the  milk  route,  and 
as  the  customers  feel  apple  hungry  they  tuck  a  coupon 
in  their  milk  bottle.  The  milkman  shoves  them  in  a 


MACHINE  FOR  “HOMOGENIZING”  CREAM.  Fig.  428. 

separate  pocket  and  turns  them  over  to  my  apple 
man,  who  goes  in  with  a  load  two  or  three  times  a 
week,  hunts  up  the  customer  and  supplies  her  with 
such  fruits  and  vegetables  as  he  has  to  sell,  securing 
her  order  for  Winter  apples,  potatoes,  etc.  That  is 
an  opening  wedge  to  do  business  with  her  neighbors. 
Incidentally  it  advertises  the  milk  business.  Custom¬ 
ers  show  their  friends  what  they  got  from  their  milk¬ 
man,  and  create  talk  about  the  milkman  and  his  good 
milk.  They  feel  that  perhaps  his  milk  came  from  a 
leal  farm,  where  they  keep  real  cows.  We  have 
gained  many  milk  customers  through  our  apple  busi¬ 
ness.  The  apple  man  naturally  talks  about  clean  cows, 
etc.  Our  milk  trade  has  outgrown  the  capacity  of 
our  little  farm,  only  35  acres  of  tillable  land,  and 
one-quarter  of  that  in  apples,  with  100  head  of  FIol- 


Novomber  4, 

stein  stock,  is  crowding  things  too  much.  October  1 
■we  put  the  price  of  milk  up  to  10  cents  per  quart, 
hoping  to  curtail  trade,  but  we  are  still  short  of  milk. 

A.  J.  PIERPONT. 

CURING  THE  LIQUOR  HABIT. 

Enclosed  is  a  booklet  and  letter  which  speak  for  them¬ 
selves.  One  hundred  and  twenty-five  dollars  is  a  steep 
sum  to  pay  for  three  days,  when  a  man  earns  nine  per 
week,  and  others  have  to  pay  for  treatment  for  him.  I 
have  great  faith  in  your  judgment  of  this  business,  and 
confess  to  having  no  faith  whatever  in  a  liquor  cure, 
although  I  have  had  no  experience  with  any  but  one 
both  powder  and  pill,  which  in  this  case  were  worthless. 

VICTIM. 

R-  N.-Y. — The  above  is  a  sample  of  many  letters 
which  have  come  to  us  of  late.  We  can  well  under¬ 
stand  how  mothers,  wives  or  sisters  will  grasp  at  any 
straw  which  promises  to  save  the  man  they  love.  We 
understand  that  these  “drink  cures”  are  kept  alive  by 
the  efforts  and  hard  labor  of  such  women.  In  the 
present  case  the  claim  is  made  that  the  drink  habit 
will  be  cured  in  three  days.  The  only  statement  we 
find  about  the  treatment  is  that  it  is  a  vegetable  com¬ 
pound  which  removes  all  trace  of  alcoholic  poison. 
They  claim  that  the  craving  for  liquor  is  the  result  of 
“stored-up  alcoholic  poison  in  the  system.”  In  case 
of  any  disease  our  standard  advice  is  to  consult 
some  reputable  physician.  This  matter  was  submitted 
to  a  well-known  physician,  who  says : 

“Here  is  a  group  of  men  whose  only  claim  on  our 
confidence  is  the  offering  of  bank  references  as  to 
their  financial  standing,  and  letters  from  various 
persons  similar  to  those  which  every  ‘cure’  and 
quack  finds  no  difficulty  in  obtaining,  offering  to  do  in 
three  days  what  the  wisdom  of  the  ages  has  failed  to 
do.  They  ‘guarantee’  a  cure,  but  what  is  this  ‘guar¬ 
antee?’  ‘Money  refunded  if,  at  the  end  of  the  treat¬ 
ment,  the  patient  has  any  desire  for  liquor.’  Is  any¬ 
one  so  foolish  as  to  think  that  when  the  treatment 
is  over  he  has  only  to  say  ‘I  would  like  a  drink’  and 
his  money  will  be  at  once  returned?  Or  do  they  tell 
you  to  hand  the  money  to  some  disinterested  party 
where  it  can  be  had  on  the  mere  statement  or  the 
patient  that  the  desire  for  drink  is  not  gone? 

“But  it  is  not  difficult  to  make  a  person  believe, 
after  three  days’  physical  and  psychical  treatment, 
that  the  desire  for  liquor  is  gone,  but  if  anyone  thinks 
that  this  distaste  is  going  to  be  permanent  he  will 
learn  that  in  the  vast  majority  of  cases  it  is  but  short 
lived.  The  many  ‘drink  cures’  of  the  past  and  gone 
have  demonstrated  this  to  the  complete  satisfaction 
of  experienced  persons.  Excessive  drinking  is  a 
habit  backed  up  by  weakness  of  character.  No  ‘cure’ 
will  mend  the  character.  Rarely  some  cure  claims  a 
shining  success  for  a  longer  or  shorter  time,  and  you 
may  be  sure  they  make  the  most  of  it.  Reputable 
physicians  do  not  engage  in  this  kind  of  business, 
nor  can  they  rightly  be  called  a  ‘combination  in  re¬ 
straint  of  trade’  for  not  doing  so. 

“Anyone  with  plenty  of  money,  not  objecting  to 
handing  over  some  of  it  to  a  bunch  of  men  engaged 
in  capitalizing  the  sorrows  and  despair  of  the  drink 
cursed,  grasping  at  the  last  straw,  might  try  this 
‘cure’  in  faint  hope  that  the  temporary  check  to  the 
drink  craving  that  it  might  very  likely  produce  would 
have  more  or  less  permanence.  You  may  rest  as¬ 
sured  that  these  men  have  not  found  a  cure  for  what 
is  not  and  never  can  be  ‘curable.’  Suppose  they  had 
found  a  cure  in  three  days  for  every  drunkard  (I 
notice  they  do  not  lay  too  much  stress  on  ‘perman¬ 
ence’),  and  so  have  distanced  the  medical  science  of 
all  time.  What  estimate  shall  we  put  on  the  char¬ 
acters  of  such  men  who  for  the  sake  of  enriching 
themselves  withhold  from  the  world  army  of  drunk¬ 
ards  this  priceless  thing?  No  real  cure  of  medicine 
or  science  but  has  been  given  freely  to  the  world.  My 
profession  would  not  tolerate  in  its  ranks  a  physician 
who  would  do  what  these  men  are  doing.” 


A  number  of  letters  have  recently  come  from  grape 
growers  about  wine  making.  They  have  heard  that 
under  some  new  regulation  of  the  Treasury  Depart¬ 
ment  they  are  no  longer  at  liberty  to  make  and  sell 
wine  from  their  own  grapes  without  paying  a  high 
tax.  Our  position  on  the  manufacture  and  use  of 
liquors  is  well  known.  It  is  our  business  to  obtain 
the  facts  for  our  readers,  and  the  following  note 
from  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue  seems 
to  settle  it : 

You  arc  Informed  that  Section  3246,  R.  S.,  provides 
that  no  special  tax  shall  be  imposed  upon  vintners  who 
sell  wine  of  their  own  growth,  or  manufacturers  who  soil 
wine  produced'  from  grapes  grown  by  others  at  the  place 
where  same  is  made  or  at  the  general  business  office  of 
such  vintner  or  manufacturer.  The  vintner  is,  however, 
limited  to  one  place  at  which  ho  may  sell  without  pay¬ 
ment  of  special  tax.  You  are  further  advised  that  no 
tax  is  imposed  under  the  internal  revenue  laws  on  wines 
manufactured.  k.  e.  cabbt.l. 

Commissioner. 


1911. 


\L  r~i  Jtu  iNCy 


A  TEST  ORCHARD  OF  ONE-YEAR  TREES. 


A  Story  of  Apple  Growth. 


On  page  919,  under  the  heading  “What  Age  of 
Tree?”  it  is  asked:  “In  planting  trees,  particularly 
apple,  what  age  do  you  prefer?  Would  you  select  a 
yearling  or  a  two-year-old,  and  why  ?”  In  the  Spring 
of  1865  I  began  work  on  my  father’s  farm,  under  the 
instruction  of  an  Englishman  who  had  served  seven 
years  under  bond  in  England  at  agriculture  and  hor¬ 
ticulture.  He  said  to  me:  “You  can  see  me  do 
things  and  you  will  forget.  I  can  tell  you  how  to  do 
and  you  will  forget.  You  must  do  things  and  I  will 
keep  you  going  right  and  then  you  will  never  forget.” 
He  kept  me  doing  right  for  four  years.  It  included 
instruction  in  apple  culture.  In  1869  my  father  sold 
his  farm  and  moved  into  town.  I  began  behind  the 
counter  May  1,  1869,  and  am  there  yet.  In  the  Fall 
of  1909  I  decided  to  plant  some  apple  trees  during 
the  Spring  of  1910.  I  sent  to  21  nurserymen  for 
catalogues,  and  read  them  all  carefully  during  the 
Winter.  In  the  Spring  of  1910  I  sent  $30 
in  cash  with  order  for  101  apple  trees,  one 
year  from  the  bud.  They  sent  me  20 
extra  trees  as  a  premium  for  cash  with 
order,  making  121  trees  in  all.  I  planted 
them  myself,  April  18  and  19,  1910.  A 
German  who  had  served  18  years  in  a  nur¬ 
sery  at  Geneva,  N.  Y.,  shoveled  the  dirt 
for  me.  I  cut  every  tree  to  a  whip  42 
inches  in  height.  Ever>  tree  lived,  and 
made  the  following  growths  the  first  sea¬ 
son  : 

Fifteen  King  David  made  an  average 
growth  of  18^3  inches;  two  Ensee  aver¬ 
aged  24  7-11  inches;  two  Charmaloff  aver¬ 
aged  19  inches ;  one  Benoni  and  one  Pear- 
main  averaged  18)4  inches ;  16  Delicious 
averaged  15)4  inches;  one  Talman  Sweet 
and  one  Arkansas  Black  averaged  1 3)4 
inches ;  five  Champion  averaged  1 3)4 
inches ;  five  Black  Ben  averaged  12J4 
inches;  five  Grimes  Golden  averaged  14)4 
inches;  one  Liveland  Raspberry  averaged 
13  1-6  inches ;  16  Delicious  averaged  13)4 
inches ;  five  Senator  averaged  6j)4  inches ; 
five  Magnet  averaged  18J4  inches ;  five 
Stayman  averaged  11J4  inches;  13  Delic¬ 
ious,  four  rows  beyond  the  first  lot,  aver¬ 
aged  14)4  inches;  another  row  containing 
one  each  of  Paragon,  Rome  Beauty,  Stark 
and  Star  averaged  6)4  inches ;  two  Wealthy 
averaged  seven  inches';  two  Bayard  aver¬ 
aged  eight  inches;  one  Jonathan  averaged 
20)4  inches;  two  Red  June  averaged  19)4 
inches;  one  Duchess,  8)4  inches;  one  Yel¬ 
low  Transparent,  26  inches;  one  York  Im¬ 
perial,  10  inches;  one  Henry  Clay,  15)4 
inches ;  one  Mammoth  Grimes  Golden, 

13)4  inches;  two  Grimes  Golden  averaged 
9/4  inches;  one  McIntosh,  12  inches;  one 
Fameuse,  14 14  inches;  one  Newtown  Pip¬ 
pin,  8 Yz  inches;  one  Wagener,  14*4  inches. 

The  whole  number  of  growths  made  was 
464;  whole  number  of  inches  grown  6869, 
or  an  average  growth  of  14  4-5  inches. 

The  growth  this  year  is  very  remarkable, 
and  people  are  coming  from  20  miles 
around  to  see  our  121  apple  trees,  that 
were  planted  when  one  year  old  from  bud¬ 
ding.  I  have  cut  eight  branches  in  all 
from  these  trees  during  the  two  seasons, 
and  have  not  cut  any  branches  back  at  all. 

I  was  taught  not  to  murder  young  trees  of 
any  kind.  I  can  show  and  prove  that  it  is 
a  great  mistake  to  cut  back  young  apple 
trees.  The  more  you  cut  the  more  you 
have  to  cut.  Just  try  not  cutting  once 
and  see  what  good  old  nature  will  do.  Of  course  we 
must  guide  and  help  the  trees  in  many  ways,  as  they 
are  under  our  care,  but  while  you  are  doing  this  do  it 
right.  I  can  show  you  an  11-year-old  apple  orchard 
where  only  the  cross  limbs  have  been  removed.  This 
orchard  is  a  marvel,  and  trees  are  loaded,  the  very 
best  trees  in  this  section  of  the  State;  Greenings, 
Fameuse,  McIntosh,  etc.;  the  Greenings,  many  of 
them,  have  three  or  more  barrels  of  perfect  fruit; 
mulch  system ;  sprayed  four  times.  I  can  say  the 
same  in  regard  to  pruning  cherry,  pear,  plum ;  also  I 
do  not  cut  peach  until  after  good  fruiting  is  estab¬ 
lished.  Of  course  you  may  laugh,  but  these  trees 
are  an  object  lesson  that  many  are  looking  at,  and 
you  will  soon  hear  these  correct  methods  strongly 
advocated. 

My  121  apple  trees  are  a  test  orchard  on  many 
comparatively  new  varieties,  preparatory  to  planting 
100  acres  to  the  very  best  apples.  While  some  other 
varieties  will  be  used  in  the  large  planting,  these  121 
trees  are  to  test  out  some  kinds  new  to  this  section. 


My  trees  are  showing  a  good  number  of  fruit  buds, 
and  I  surely  will  let  them  produce  what  they  will  for 
their  coming  third  season,  because  I  have  them  pre¬ 
pared  to  do  it,  by  letting  nature  do  her  full  part  and 
I  doing  my  part. 

I  can  show  you  a  tree  top-grafted  to  Tompkins 
King  known  to  be  over  103  years  old,  and  grafted 
over  80  years  ago,  that  bore  last  season  4 )4  barrels  of 
perfect  Kings.  Come  and  see.  a.  c.  peterson. 

Seneca  Co.,  N.  Y. 


THE  WORLD’S  LARGEST  CHEESE. 

The  largest  cheese  ever  made  was  completed  at 
Appleton,  Wisconsin,  recently,  by  Nicholas  Simon,  a 
noted  American  cheese  expert,  assisted  by  Dairy  and 
Food  Commissioners  John  D.  Cannon,  of  Wisconsin, 
and  A.  W.  Parkins,  of  Minnesota,  and  40  expert 
cheesemakers.  It  weighed  12,361  pounds,  and  con¬ 
tained  exactly  12,000  pounds  of  curd,  330  pounds  of 
salt,  and  31  pounds  of  rennet,  but  not  an  ounce  of 
coloring.  The  cost  of  building  the  cheese  was  be- 


DUTCH  BELTED  COW  AT  PASTURE.  Fig.  429. 


PAN-AMERICAN  STRAWBERRY.  NATURAL  SIZE  FALL 
BERRIES.  Fig.  430.  (See  Ruralisms,  Page  1075.) 

tween  $5,500  and  $6,000,  and  as  the  risk  is  so  great  it 
is  probable  no  one  will  ever  again  take  the  chance  of 
making  one  so  large. 

To  manufacture  this  gigantic  cheese  successfully 
it  was  necessary  for  the  1200  model  dairies  to  do 
the  milking  of  8,000  registered  Holstein  and  Guern¬ 
sey  cows  at  the  same  hour;  the  milk  had  to  be  cooled 
to  the  same  temperature ;  and  the  32  sanitary  cheese 
factories  wliitsh  manufactured  the  curd  had  to  fol¬ 
low  the  same  process  to  make  the  curd  uniform. 

Every  tool  or  implement  which  came  into  contact 
with  the  curd  was  sterilized.  It  required  144,100 
pounds  (72  tons)  or  18.000  gallons  of  milk  to  produce 
the  12,000  pounds  of  curd,  which  was  delivered  in 
cans,  each  containing  125  to  130  pounds  of  curd. 

The  curd  was  mixed  in  two  large  troughs,  each 
10  feet  long,  four  feet  wide  and  three  feet  deep,  and 
the  mixture  then  poured  into  a  mammoth  cask,  five 
feet  in  diameter  and  five  feet  deep,  which  was  braced 
with  iron  hoops.  A  team  of  eight  horses  was  re¬ 
quired  to  draw  the  cheese  to  the  railroad  for  ship¬ 


ment,  and  a  huge  derrick  was  used  to  get  it  on 
board  an  open  freight  car.  The  cheese  will  be  on  ex¬ 
hibition  at  the  National  Dairy  Show,  to  be  held  in 
Chicago  from  October  26  to  November  4.  President 
Taft  will  visit  the  show  the  morning  of  Monday, 
October  30,  and  following  his  address  he  will  be  in¬ 
vited  to  cut  the  big  cheese,  after  which  it  will  be  dis¬ 
tributed  in  small  lots  to  the  visitors  at  the  show. 

R.  H.  M. 


IRRIGATION  OF  ALFALFA. 

It  has  been  pretty  well  demonstrated  that  it  will 
pay  a  successful  market  gardener  to  irrigate,  if  cir¬ 
cumstances  make  it  possible  to  do  it  thoroughly.  It 
has  not  been  so  well  proved  that  it  will  pay  to  irrigate 
general  farm  crops.  For  this  reason  an  experience 
with  Alfalfa  irrigation  in  southern  New  Jersey  may 
be  of  interest. 

The  Society  for  Farming  Demonstration,  with 
headquarters  at  Vineland,  N.  J.,  has  received  valu¬ 
able  advice  in  its  irrigation  of  Alfalfa  from  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture. 
The  New  Jersey  Training  School  for  the 
Mentally  Deficient  has  a  large  farm  for 
Vineland,  and  keeps  a  dairy  to  supply  its 
400  people  with  milk.  Alfalfa  has  been 
grown  here  since  1904  as  a  crop  constantly 
increasing  in  importance.  Last  year  25 
acres  yielded  over  100  tons  of  field-cured 
hay.  Considering  the  difficulty  of  growing 
hay  on  this  sandy  land,  this  is  a  good  show¬ 
ing. 

About  two  acres  of  land  was  prepared  in 
borders  in  1910  after  a  crop  of  early  pota¬ 
toes  had  been  taken  off.  The  border 
method  and  other  methods  of  distributing 
water  for  irrigation  are  described  in  Farm¬ 
ers’  Bulletin  373,  entitled  “Irrigation  of 
Alfalfa.”  This  bulletin  can  be  had  for  the 
asking  by  addressing  the  Secretary  of  Agri¬ 
culture,  Washington,  D.  C.  In  preparing 
these  two  acres  the  ground  was  packed 
very  hard  by  the  scraping.  It  was  loosened- 
up  with  a  cultivator,  but  probably  should 
have  been  plowed,  although  it  is  not  usually 
considered  advisable  to  plow  land  in  South¬ 
ern  New  Jersey  just  before  sowing  Alfalfa. 
The  result  was  an  unsatisfactory  growth, 
even  with  irrigation,  until  the  third  cutting. 
The  third  cutting  was  a  fairly  good  one 
where  irrigated,  but  almost  nothing  where 
not  irrigated. 

An  adjoining  field  of  eight  acres  was 
seeded  to  Alfalfa  in  1909.  About  two  acres 
of  this  was  irrigated  this  Summer  by  flood¬ 
ing,  Los  Angeles  irrigation  pipe  being  used 
to  distribute  the  water.  This  pipe  is  eight 
inches  in  diameter  and  in  10-foot  lengths 
that  fit  into  each  other.  The  water  was 
taken  from  the  tank  that  supplies  the  insti¬ 
tution,  40,000  to  50,000  gallons  being  ap¬ 
plied  in  1*4  hours.  This  irrigating  was 
done  after  each  cutting,  about  four  inches 
of  water  being  applied  each  time;  that  is, 
enough  water  to  cover  the  ground  four 
inches  in  depth  if  none  soaked  in;  27,000 
gallons  of  water  will  cover  one  acre  one 
inch  deep.  The  increase  of  yield  was  as 
follows :  A  small  plot  flooded  eight  days 
before  the  first  cutting  yielded  at  the  rate 
of  2,800  pounds  field-cured  hay  per  acre,  as 
against  one  ton  where  not  irrigated.  Sec¬ 
ond  cutting,  irrigated,  1,900  pounds  per 
acre;  unirrigated,  4,050  pounds.  Third  cut¬ 
ting,  irrigated,  2,770  pounds;  unirrigated, 
570  pounds.  Fourth  cutting,  the  irrigated 
did  much  better  than  the  unirrigated.  There  was 
considerable  difference  in  the  growth  for  two  weeks, 
then  the  heavy  rains  came,  and  when  cut  the  fourth 
time  no  difference  was  visible.  The  yield  of  both 
irrigated  and  unirrigated  was  about  1)4  tons  per  acre. 

In  order  to  determine  more  exactly  the  amount  of 
water  used,  one-quarter  acre  of  a  field  seeded  to 
Alfalfa  August,  1910,  was  measured  off  and  two 
inches  of  water  applied  through  fire  hose  after  the 
first  cutting;  13  days  later  2)4  inches  of  water  was 
sprinkled  on.  The  second  cutting  on  this  field  was, 
irrigated,  2,300  pounds  hay  per  acre;  unirrigated,  500 
pounds  per  acre.  This  Summer’s  experience  with 
these  various  methods  of  irrigation  convinced  the 
officers  of  the  training  school  that  a  method  of  apply¬ 
ing  the  water  involving  less  labor  was  highly  desir¬ 
able.  Consequently  five  acres  have  been  equipped 
with  the  Skinner  system  of  irrigation.  Next  Sum¬ 
mer  we  snould  be  able  to  get  at  the  cost  of  irriga¬ 
tion  and  by  getting  yields  from  irrigated  and  unir¬ 
rigated  Alfalfa  for  two  or  three  years,  some  valuable 
information  will  be  secured.  geo.  a.  mitchell. 

New  Jersey. 


1068 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
name  and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure 
attention.  Before  asking  a  question,  please  see 
whether  it  is  not  answered  in  our  advertising 
columns.  Ask  only  a  few  questions  at  one  time. 
Pu'  questions  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper.} 


Greenhouse  Heated  by  Flue. 

J.  D.  O .,  Washington,  Conn. — Can  you 
give  me  plan  for  greenhouse  with  roof  of 
hotbed  sash  3x6  on  each  side  of  ridge  run¬ 
ning  east  and  west?  Length  of  house  65 
feet,  with  flue  for  hot  air  running  under 
benches.  I  intend  to  remove  glass  about 
June  1,  to  grow  vegetables,  replacing  glass 
about  September  10. 

Ans. — Greenhouses  here  are  used 
mainly  for  starting  tomato  plants  in 
early  Spring,  and  for  this  a  simple 
structure  with  a  single  row  of  sash  on 
each  side  answers  very  well.  However 
as  you  wish  to  use  yours  through  the 
Winter  something  more  substantial 
would  be  better.  There  are  but  two 
houses  in  this  neighborhood  built  as 
J.  D.  G.  desires  his.  The  diagram  shows 
plans  of  one  from  which  you  may  get 
a  few  ideas.  The  plans  have  been 
modified  so  as  to  use  your  6x3  sash  and 
also  allow  sufficient  room  for  raised 
benches.  This  house  can  be  easily 
erected,  the  expense  and  durability  de¬ 
fending  on  the  material  used  for  the 
frame  and  side  ,/alls. 

In  building  use  l}^-inch  iron  pipes 
as  supports  for  the  ridge  poles  and  pur¬ 
line  plates.  These  pipes  are  imbedded 
in  cement  and  those  supporting  the 
ridge  extends  10J4  feet  above  ground ; 


J.  D.  G.  speaks  of  heating  his  house 
with  hot  air  by  running  the  pipes  under 
the  benches.  That  will  be  all  right  pro¬ 
vided  he  has  the  hot  air.  We  heat  our 
small  18x30  foot  houses,  used  for  grow¬ 
ing  plants  in  early  Spring  (from  Janu¬ 
ary  15  to  April  1),  by  having  wood 
stoves  in  either  end  and  running  the 
stove  pipes  under  the  benches.  But  in  a 
larger  house,  and  for  running  all  Win¬ 
ter  such  as  is  desired,  I  should  hesi¬ 
tate  before  attempting  to  heat  in  that 
way.  A  hot-water  heating  system  is 
used  in  each  of  the  greenhouses  here 
and  is,  I  believe,  much  the  better  way. 
The  heat  is  more  regular  and  depend¬ 
able,  and  it  does  not  require  so  constant 
attention. 

In  the  diagram,  the  width  is  19  feet; 
a,  lJ/2-inch  iron  pipe  \Ol/2  feet  above 
ground;  bb,  two  lj^-inch  iron  pipes 
each  feet  above  ground ;  cccc,  hot¬ 
bed  sash  each  six  feet  long,  three  feet 
wide ;  d,  strong  hooks  to  hold  sash  in 
place;  e,  cover  of  some  kind  to  keep 
out  rain ;  f,  cement  sills ;  can  follow 
dotted  lines  for  wall  if  desired ;  g. 
cement  underground  in  which  support¬ 
ing  pipes  are  embedded ;  h,  two-foot 
space  above  benches  to  be  fitted  with 
glazing  bars  and  glazed  to  admit  light 
from  the  sides;  i,  brace.  w.  B.  K. 

Swedesboro,  N.  J. 


Galvanized  Roof  and  Rain  Water. 

C.  E.  H.,  Point  of  Rocks,  Md. — What  ef¬ 
fect  will  a  galvanized  roof  have  on  rain 
water?  Our  shingle  roof  Is  about  worn  out, 
and  as  we  use  water  for  cooking  we  would 
be  very  thankful  if  you  will  tell  us  the 
best  material  to  use  for  roofing  In  our  case. 

Ans. — I  should  not  hesitate  to  use 
the  water  from  a  galvanized  roof,  but 
it  is  good  practice  — from  a  sanitary 
ooint  of  view — where  the  water  from  a 
roof  is  to  be  used  for  drinking  or  cook¬ 
ing  to  have  an  outside  conductor  pipe 


DIAGRAM  OF  GREENHOUSE. 


the  purline  supports  are  each  7)4  feet 
above  ground.  These  pipe  supports  are 
placed  eight  feet  apart  (six  feet  would 
make  it  stronger)  down  the  full  length 
of  the  house.  The  ridge  pole  and  pur¬ 
line  plates  are  ordinary  3x4-inch  frame 
stuff  and  are  fastened  securely  to  the 
pipe  supports.  Plates,  sills,  end  rafters 
and  other  frame  work  is  mostly  3x4- 
inch  stuff.  The  house  is  braced  by  cross 
pieces  of  pipes  joining  the  purline 
plates.  If  desired  the  walls  up  to  the 
benches  can  be  made  of  cement,  and 
would  orobably  be  cheaper  in  the  end. 
i  he  sides  above  the  benches  should  be 
fitted  with  glazing  bars,  spaced  accord¬ 
ing  to  the  size  of  glass  you  use,  and 
glass  put  in  to  admit  light  from  the 
sides  as  well  as  the  top.  The  ends  of 
the  house  can  be  fitted  with  glass  the 
same  way. 

With  the  ends  ,and  side  walls  built 
and  ridge  poles  and  purlines  in  place, 
the  house  is  ready  for  sash.  The  lower 
row  is  put  on  first,  and  each  sash  can 
extend  three  inches  beyond  the  plate, 
and  this  will  allow  about  six  inches  for 
lapping  at*  the  purlines.  When  sash  are 
in  place  each  one  should  be  securely 
fastened  to  the  ridge  pole  and  purlines 
with  books.  Screw  four  eyes  in  each 
sash  near  the  corners  and  have  hooks 
fastened  to  the  ridge  pole,  purlines  and 
plates  to  correspond  .  (see  diagram). 
Two  narrow  boards  can  be  nailed  to¬ 
gether,  inverted  V-shape,  as  a  covering 
for  the  top  where  sash  meet.  In  this 
style  house  no  rafters  are  used,  but  if 
you  think  there  is  danger  of  the  sash 
sagging  it  might  be  well  to  use  them 
where  the  sash  meet.  Neither  house 
mentioned  previously,  as  being  used 
here,  have  rafters  to  support  the  sash. 
One  of  them  as  originally  built  was 
intended  for  rafters,  but  the  owner, 
after  using  them  two  years,  has  decided 
to  ‘discard  all  but  one  used  as  a  brace 
after  every  fourth  sash.  You  can  build 
this  house  any  length  you  desire;  63 
feet  will  require  84  sash,  each  6x3  feet 
for  covering. 


that  will  take  the  first  wash  of  the 
roof  from  each  shower  outside  of  the 
cistern,  after  which  the  pipe  can  be 
turned  to  conduct  the  water  into  the 
cistern.  We  have  used  galvanized  pails 
for  drinking  water  and  a  pump  for 
vears  with  a  galvanized  pipe  in  the  well, 
and  could  find  no  fault  with  it. 

J.  F.  V.  S. 


“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adz’. 


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KEEP  YOUR  HORSES 
IN  THE  FIELD  - 
NOT  ON  THE  ROAD 

.  It  frequently  happens  that  feed-crops  must  be  harvested  just  when 
fruit  must  be  hauled  to  transportation  stations.  Both  cannot  be  done 
at  once,  with  one  team.  Either  the  fruit  crop  or  some  other  crop 
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Whenever  desired, the 
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1911. 


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Winter  Care  of  Strawberries. 

D.  II.,  Blackstone,  Mass. — Will  you  furn¬ 
ish  the  writer  with  information  in  regard 
to  the  care  of  strawberry  plants  for  the 
Winter? 

Ans. — When  the  ground  first  becomes 
frozen,  scatter  a  thin  mulch  of  straw, 
marsh  hay  or  even  cornstalks  over  the 
surface.  The  main  object  is  to  prevent 
heaving  by  alternate  freezing  and  thaw¬ 
ing.  In  the  Spring  this  mulch  is  drawn 
off  the  rows,  and  the  soil  stirred  and 
mellowed.  Care  should  be  taken  to  avoid 
a  mulch  that  will  bring  in  a  quantity  of 
weed  seeds. 


Chemicals  for  Purifying. 

I  now  wish  to  add  my  work  regarding 
purifying  ill-smelling  cistern  water.  It 
is  based  upon  some  recent  experience 
which  was  at  first  disagreeable  but  is 
now  pleasurable.  Of  course,  ventilation 
will  do  it,  where  practicable.  In  my 
case  this  could  not  be  done.  I  therefore 
secured  one  ounce  of  potassium  per¬ 
manganate  (cost,  10  cents  from  any 
druggist)  ;  dissolved  in  hot  water  and 
poured  into  the  cistern,  it  removed  most 
of  the  odor  and  cleared  the  water  up 
perfectly  within  two  days.  I  am  now 
adding  another  ounce  to  finish  the  job. 
Another  good  way,  though  I  have  not 
had  to  resort  to  it,  is  to  hang  a  bag  of 
charcoal  in  the  water.  I  prefer  the 
chemical,  however,  since  this  destroys 
the  organic  matter  which  is  causing  the 
putrefaction,  whereas  the  charcoal  merely 
absorbs  the  disagreeable  gases  and  per¬ 
mits  the  putrefaction  to  continue. 

L.  R.  JONES. 

Wisconsin  Exp.  Station. 


Hazelnuts  for  Profit. 

F.  H.,  Sarator/a  Springs,  N.  Y. — Can 
some  of  your  readers  give  information  about 
growing  hazelnuts  on  a  large  scale 
so  as  to  yield  a  profit?  I  have  plenty 
of  nuts  to  save  for  seed,  and  plenty 
of  land  to  grow  them  on  (very  sandy),  or 
would  it  be  better  to  buy  filberts  to  plant 
in  the  first  place?  As  a  general  thing 
about  what  do  they  sell  for?  IIow  long 
does  it  take  them  to  be  in  bearing  con¬ 
dition  after  the  time  the  seed  is  planted? 

Ans. — The  culture  of  our  native 
hazelnuts  has  been  almost  entirely  over¬ 
looked.  The  European  hazels  or  fil¬ 
berts  as  they  are  commonly  called,  are 
affected  with  a  fungus  disease  in  the 
wood  that  prevents  them  from  being 
profitably  grown  over  the  greater  part 
of  North  America  except  on  the  Pacific 
Coast.  There  they  do  remarkably  well, 
especially  in  Oregon,  Washington  and 
British  Columbia.  But  the  two  native 
species  of  the  hazel  that  are  found  here 
and  there,  from  the  North  Atlantic 
States  to  the  Dakotas  and  Kansas,  are 
entirely  free  from  any  such  affection, 
so  far  as  I  have  seen  or  heard,  and 
ought  to  be  grown  for  profit  and  pleas¬ 
ure  in  many  sections.  There  are  some 
quite  choice  varieties  and  nuts  from 
these  should  be  planted  and  the  seed¬ 
lings  set  out  to  grow  permanently.  The 
nuts  come  up  very  well  when  planted 
while  fresh,  at  least  in  my  own  ex¬ 
perience,  and  the  plants  grow  and  bear 
freely  in  good  soil.  They  prefer  a  very 
rich,  sandy  loam,  but  I  have  seen  great 
thickets  of  wild  hazels  on  clay  loams 
but  always  that  which  was  naturally 
rich.  If  corners  or  small  fields  were  set 
to  these  bushes  they  would  be  turned 
to  good  service,,  and  there  are  many 
such,  especially  on  the  edges  of  wood¬ 
lands.  But  they  would  need  ■  to  d>e 
fenced  off  from  the  encroachments  of 
stock  of  all  kinds  and  cared  for  until 
the  bushes  were  able  to  fully  occupy 
the  ground.  The  nuts  sell  at  fair  prices, 
usually  $2  to  $4  per  bushel. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


Why  Clover  “Winter-kills.” 

S.  P.  S.,  Schenectady,  N.  Y. — In  August, 
1909,  I  seeded  an  acre  of  land  in  Hampden 
Co.,  Mass.,  with  a  mixture  consisting  of 
12  pounds  of  Timothy,  six  pounds  of  Ited- 
top  and  10  pounds  of  Alsike  clover.  The 
land  had  just  been  broken  up.  Not  having 
sufficient  manure  I  used  fertilizer  only 
made  of  800  pounds  basic  slag  meal  and 
200  pounds  sulphate  of  potash,  which  I 
mixed  myself.  The  seed  germinated  well 
and  the  start  and  growth  during  the  Fall 
I  should  consider  good  when  the  drought 
then  prevailing  is  taken  into  account.  The 
following  season  (1910),  both  the  clover 
and  grass  did  well  and  an  excellent  crop 


of  hay  was  cut  from  the  piece.  Last  Spring, 
however,  it  was  found  that  the  clover  had 
nearly  if  not  completely  died  out.  This 
seems  to  be  a  plain  case  of  winter-killing, 
and  I  have  noticed  that  in  Schenectady, 
N.  V.,  also  clover  very  largely  died  out 
during  the  last  Winter.  I  would  like  your 
opinion  as  to  the  cause  of  the  practically 
complete  disappearance  •  of  clover  in  some 
Winters,  as  I  am  somewhat  skeptical  as  to 
the  correctness  of  the  theory  often  advanced 
that  winter-killing  is  due  to  a  lack  of  show. 
It  seems  to  me  that  the  trouble  is  too  wide¬ 
spread  to  be  due  to  this  cause,  and  more¬ 
over  I  have  an  impression,  which  may  be 
a  wrong  one,  that  the  extent  of  winter- 
killing  is  not  in  proportion  to  the  openness 
of  the  Winters. 

Ans. — While  it  is  admitted  that  clover 
and  Winter  grain  in  general  did  not 
pass  the  last  Winter  in  strong  condi¬ 
tion,  and  in  many  instances  were  en¬ 
tirely  killed,  }ret  I  believe  S.  B.  S.  may 
be  in  error  wh6n  he  says  of  his  clover: 
“This  seems  to  be  a  plain  case  of  Win¬ 
ter-killing.”  It  is  probable  that  the 
clover  which  gave  a  good  crop  in  1910 
and  was  absent  in  1911,  was  destroyed 
by  the  Clover-root  curculio  or  some 
other  insect  that  works  in  a  similar 
way.  There  are  a  number  of  them.  If 
one  goes  now  to  a  clover  field  (in  any 
part  of  the'  State,  so  far  as  I  know) 
that  has  produced  a  good  crop  this  sea¬ 
son  and  undertakes  to  pull  up  a  clover 
plant,  it  is  likely  to  break  off  near  the 
crown  and  show  a  seriously  damaged 
condition.  This  damage  is  caused  by  a 
larva  eating  into  it  and  by  next  Spring 
the  damaged  plants  will  be  dead.  The 
disappearance  of  clover  from  our 
meadows  the  second  season  is  almost 
entirely  due  to  the  depredations  of 
borer  insects.  The  winter-killing  of 
clover  occurs  chiefly  the  first  season 
after  seeding.  The  insects  do  not  get 
in  their  work  so  as  to  affect  the  first 
crop  of  clover.  As  regards  winter- 
killing,  I  think  there  ~o  question  but 
a  normal  covering  of  snow  is  a  great 
protection  to  plants,  but  the  plants  may 
go  safely  through  until  Spring  and  then 
be  ruined  by  repeated  freezing  and 
thawing  after  most  of  the  frost  is  out 
of  the  land.  In  this  case  it  is  largely 
the  breaking  of  the  roots  by  the  heav¬ 
ing  of  the  soil  that  does  the  damage. 

Cornell  Agr.  College.  j.  l.  stone. 


The  White  Grub  Problem. 

Last  Spring  we  set  out  about  7.000 
strawberry  plants  on  buckwheat  stubble, 
ground  that  bad  been  given  a  coat  of 
burned  land  lime,  40  bushels  to  the  acre  in 
1910  and  the  white  grubs  killed  all  except 
about  800,  which  were  in  the  west  end 
shaded  by  a  grove  on  the  west  side.  We 
had  no  idea  that  the  land  had  any  of  the 
pest,  but  to  our  disappointment  found  as 
many  as  live  grubs  in  one  hill.  Can  you 
give'  us  directions  to  prepare  a  piece  of 
ground  for  next  Spring’s  planting  so  as  to 
get  rid  of  this  pest?  Would  salt  or  kaiuit 
do,  and  how  much  per  acre  should  be  ap¬ 
plied  to  insure  success,  as  we  do  not  want 
to  make  another  failure  of  it?  J.  H. 

Pennsylvania. 

We  do  not  know  of  any  way  except  to 
turn  a  drove  of^ lively  young  hogs  into 
this  field  and  keep  them  a  little  hungry. 
They  will  turn  that  soil  all  over,  and  in 
some  cases  go  down  two  feet  and  more 
after  the  grubs.  The  hogs  are  very  fond 
of  this  insect  and  will  find  them  anywhere. 
There  is  no  other  remedy.  Fall  plowing 
with  a  good  flock  of  poultry  to  follow  the 
plow  will  help,  but  will  not  get  them  all. 
When  the  large  grubs  once  get  in  the  soil 
they  are  there  for  life  unless  dug  out.  Salt 
or  other  chemicals  will  fail  unless  you  use 
so  much  that  you  ruin  the  crops.  The  life 
history  of  this  pest  runs  through  several 
years.  Thorough  culture  will  prevent  many 
young  grubs  from  hatching,  but  the  old 
ones  will  live  out  their  life  unless  caught 
or  dug  out. 


The  Vetch  Crop. 

I  note  all  remarks  on  vetch  that  I  see. 
I  have  been  using  it  for  three  years.  I 
have  tried  it  on  different  soils,  and  with 
different  crops.  This  year  on  one  piece  of 
land  I  cut  a  crop  of  hay,  of  wheat  and  vetch, 
then  let  a  crop  of  seed  mature  on  second 
growth,  plowed  this  under  July  14,  planted 
with  Ninety-day  corn,  and  have  right  good 
corn  with  slim  prospects  of  frost  before  the 
last  of  the  week.  I  cultivated  twice  and 
have  a  good  stand  in  corn  for  next  Spring. 
On  one  place  that  saved  seed,  I  planted 
corn,  cultivated  twice  and  have  a  good 
stand  here  also.  That  is  the  way  you  can 
handle  it  here  on  the  Virginia-North  Caro¬ 
lina  border.  1  could  have  planted  corn 
sooner,  had  it  not  been  for  the  drought  to 
that  date.  I  find  that  the  hay  makes 
horses  look  well,  but  has  a  tendency  to 
keep  their  bowels  a  little  too  open. 

Nelson,  Va.  s.  c.  H. 


I  sympathize  with  movement  for  dairy¬ 
men’s  cooperation,  and  hope  that  the  millen- 
ium  may  some  day  arrive,  but  wonder  if  any 
have  thought  what  would  happen  to  their 
net  incomes  with  prices  as  now  if  they 
should  produce  just  what  milk  they  could 
from  their  own  farms  instead  of  from 
Western  farms,  and  also  if  all  acted  on 
this  plan,  what  would  happen  to  the  milk 
market  and  the  grain  and  feed  market. 

E.  a.  ii. 


A  Woman’s  Garden. —  From  a  plot  30x50 
feet  I  took  in  $24  for  early  lettuce,  $10 
for  beets,  $10  for  early  celery,  and  have 
now  four  rows  of  large  perfect  Winter 
celery  planted  in  the  furrows  after  the 
early  celery  was  banked  up.  The  self- 
bleaching  celery  was  sold  early  in  Septem¬ 
ber,  and  the  late  banked  up.  On  one 
piece  of  new  ground,  where  years  ago 
had  stood  a  log  cabin  and  outbuildings,  I 
raised  a  crop  of  early  peas,  a  perfect  crop 
of  sweet  corn  and  also  beans,  which  have 
been  prolific  among  the  corn. 

Pennsylvania.  marie  t.  lundale. 


for  Thrifty  Non  &Youn^  Non 

CLOTHCRAFT 

CLOTHES  £> 


A  MAN  visiting  New  York 
City  on  business  wore  a 
$16.50  Clothcraft  suit. 
Just  before  leaving  New  York  he 
was  caught  in  the  rain — the  coat 
sprinkled,  the  trousers  wet 
through. 

Wet  as  the  suit  was,  he  folded  and 
crushed  it  into  a  crowded  traveling-bag. 
When  it  was  unpacked,  thirty-six  hours 
later,  the  suit  was  of  course  a  mass  of 
wrinkles;  but  after  hanging  two  days 
it  had  so  far  resumed  its  shapeliness 
that  you  could  never  tell  it  had  been 
wet.  It  was  without  a  wrinkle  and 
perfectly  fit  for  wear. 

Clothcraft  Clothes  are  guaranteed 
to  be  absolutely  pure  wool — 

The  One  Guaranteed  All-Wool  Line 
at  Medium  Prices:  $10  to  $25 

Moreover,  they  are  guaranteed  to  have  first-class 
trimmings  and  workmanship,  to  give  lasting  satis¬ 
faction,  and  to  have  permanent  shapeliness  so  cut 
and  needled  into  them  as  to  prevent  shrinking  or 
sagging. 

So  much  quality  at  $10  to  $25  is  the  result  of 
Clothcraft  Scientific  Tailoring,  which  improves  the 
quality  while  cutting  down  the  cost.  It  is  the 
outgrowth  of  sixty-one  years  devoted  solely  to 
making  good  clothes  at  medium  prices. 

You  can  be  sure  of  all  these  advantages  in  your 
clothes  if  you  buy  Clothcraft  Clothes — and  buy 
early,  while  assortments  are  good. 


Go  to  the  Nearest  Clothcraft  Store 


Be  sum  tt  see  the  Clothcraft  Blue  Serge  Special. 
No.  4130,,  a:  $18.50.  Then  try  on  other  Cloth¬ 
craft  coats  and  overcoats,  and  see  how  well  they 
fit.  Notice  the  close-fitting  collar,  the  shapely 
shoulders,  and  the  full,  smooth  coat-front. 

If  you  don’t  know  a  Clothcraft  Store,  write  us 
today  for  the  address  of  the  nearest  one.  With 
it  we'll  send  you  the  Clothcraft  Style-Book  for 
fall  and  winter. 


THE  JOSEPH  &  FEISS  CO. 


Founded  1850 — Oldest  American 
Manufacturers  of  Men’s  Clothes 

635  St.  Clair  Avenue,  N.  W. 


, TV/T OST  durable  fence  _ 

I’A  made.  Heaviest  wires? 

Double  galvanized.  Stock? 
strong.  Chicken  tight. 

13  to  35c  per  rod. 

Sample  free.  We  pay  freight  _ 
The  Brown  Fence  &  Wire  Co. 
Dept.  59  Cleveland,  O. 


Fleece  Lined  Underwear, 


'pOR  the  outdoor 
worker  and  every 
man  who  likes  a  warm 

protecting  winter  under¬ 
wear,  there  is  none  so  satis¬ 
factory  as 


Fleece-Lined  Underwear 

Its  luxurious  fleece  lining  wards 
off  colds  and  promotes  good 
health.  And  it  is  one  of  the  most 
durable  underwears  ever  in¬ 
vented — two  seasons'  wear  to 
a  garment. 

Made  for  Men  and  Boys 

At  your  dealer’s.  In  Separate  and 
Union  Garments,  at  50c,  75c  and  up. 
Lambsdov/n  is  one  of  the  Bodygard 
Underwears.  Look  for  the  Body¬ 
gard  Shield.  It  is  your  safeguard. 
Write  for  Bodygard  Book  No.  C6 

Utica  Knitting  Co. 

Utica  New  York 

Makers  of  Bodygard  Un¬ 
derwears,  includ  ng  Vel- 
lastic,  Twolayr,  Springtex 
and  Airyknit. 


ODYCAfiO 


The  Ireland  Straight-Line  Drag 
Sawing  Machine 


'T’HIS  sawing  rig  fills  a  long  felt  want  for  sawing  large 
1  timber.  It  is  simple,  durable  and  the  most  practical 
Straight-line  sawing  rig  on  the  market.  We  also  make 
circular  saw  rigs,  saw  and  shingle  mills.  Get  our  prices 
on  canvas  belting ;  they  will  surprise  you.  Send  for 
prices  and  full  information.  “Ask  about  Hoists.” 
IRELAND  MACHINE  &  FOUNDRY  COMPANY. 

14  State  Street  NORWICH,  NEW  YORK. 


HONEST  MAN  OR  WOMAN  WANTED 

In  every  town  to  represent  well-known  wholesale  firm. 
Experience  unnecessary.  Must  furnish  good  refer¬ 
ences.  Easy,  pleasant  work.  Fair  salary  to  start. 

McLEAN,  BLACK  &  CO.,  Ill  Doty  Building,  Boston,  Mass. 


Replace  Your  Old  Foundations 
With  Concrete 

Don’t  take  any  chances.  If  the  supports  of  any  of  your  buildings 
are  beginning  to  show  signs  of  rotting  or  crumbling,  replace  them 
with  concrete  right  away.  Don’t  go  back  to  wood  or  brick. 

No  other  material  should  ever  be  used  for  this  purpose.  Concrete  alone  is 
eternal.  It  is  rat  and  mouse  proof,  will  never  decay  and  is  absolutely  rigid 
and  unyielding  even  under  the  severest  stress  and  strain. 

T  TXIT/^IJPORTLAND 

Ll/H  Hill  CEMENT 

should  be  your  unvarying  choice  for  every  purpose  of  concrete  construction. 
Its  surpassing  strength  and  durability  place  it  in  a  class  by  itself.  It  is  the 
best  cement  for  buildings,  barns,  water-troughs,  corn  cribs,  fence  posts,  etc. 
r  ,  A  good  dealer  in  your  own  town  handles  Lehigh.  Remember  that  name — 
Lehigh  look  for  the  Lehigh  trade-mark  if  you  want  to  be  sure  of  the  best. 

A  handsome  book — containing  valuable  information — giving  full  directions 
for  the  use  of  concrete  on  the  farm — sent  free.  Just  your  name  and  address  on 
a  postal  will  do.  Send  today. 

LEHIGH  PORTLAND  CEMENT  COMPANY 

(11  mills — 11,000,000  bbls.  yearly  capacity) 

Dept.  A,  Allentown,  Pa. 


loro 


'THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


November  4 


TREES  ON  THEIR  OWN  ROOTS. 

0.  L.  C.,  Great  Falls,  Mont.- — On  page 
765  Mr.  Van  Deman  shows  the  folly  of 
grafting  on  promiscuous  stocks.  Why  not 
have  trees  on  their  own  roots?  Set  grafts 
in  the  bottom  of  a  little  hollow  where  your 
tree  is  to  grow.  Let  but  one  bud  show 
above  the  surface  and  when  the  shoot  gets 
higher  than  the  ground  level  fill  in  the  dirt 
and  keep  it  damp  until  the  little  tree  has 
rooted  for  itself.  My  impression  is  that  a 
growing  stem  roots  more  readily  than  year- 
old  wood,  but  am  not  sure  of  it.  If  nur¬ 
serymen  would  plant  graft  at  the  bottom 
of  deep  furrows  they  could  easily  furnish 
trees  on  their  own  roots.  After  trees  have 
started  roots  of  their  own  why  not  remove 
the  original  graft  roots  and  let  them  live 
on  their  own  sweet  natural  roots.  In  the 
Far  North  common  roots  may  winter-kill 
and  even  hardy  trees. 

Ans. — The  growing  of  fruit  trees  on 
their  own  roots  is  a  very  good  idea,  and 
is  sometimes  done  with  very  good  re 
suits.  But  it  ts  far  more  costly  to 
propagate  trees  in  this  way,  and  some 
of  them  ait  «iot  so  ‘good  as  those 
grafted  or  budded  »r>  other  stocks,  pro¬ 
vided  they  are  coiiyemaJ  and  thriftv. 
The  plan  suggested  dj  mr  Montana 
friend  would  produce  tree*  on  their 
own  roots,  and  some  of  them  jjatp'ht  be 
the  better  for  it,  but  the  cost  would  be 
double,  or  nearly  so.  This  same  end  is 
obtained  in  a  large  proportion  of  the 
root  grafts  planted  by  nurserymen. 
They  are  deeply  set  and  roots  develop 
above  the  point  of  union  soon,  making 
the  main  system  under  ground.  The 
greater  proportion  of  root-grafted  trees 
are  of  this  character.  Budded  trees  are 
rarely  so,  and  can  only  acquire  their 
own  roots  after  having  been  deeply 
planted  in  the  orchard  and  had  time  to 
develop  them.  h.  e.  van  deman. 


SOME  NOTES  ON  PECANS. 

I  am  just  harvesting  the  largest 
pecan  crop  I  ever  grew,  and  perhaps 
the  largest  any  man  ever  harvested.  I 
have  most  of  the  well-known  varieties 
in  bearing,  and  a  few  notes  about  them 
may  be  of  interest  to  your  readers. 

Moneymaker  is  yielding  twice  as 
many  pounds  of  nuts  as  any  other  va¬ 
riety,  and  10  times  as  many  as  most  of 
them  on  trees  of  the  same  age,  and  un¬ 
der  like  conditions.  It  is  by  far  the 
easiest  nut  to  harvest.  Every  tree  is 
ready  for  that  purpose  on  the  last  day 
of  September.  The  next  heaviest  yielder 
is  Teche,  a  Louisiana  pecan  that  got 
mixed  with  Frotscher  when  Frotscher 
was  first  introduced.  But  it  is  far  su¬ 
perior  to  Frotscher  in  every  respect.  In 
fact,  Frotscher  is  so  very  poor  in  qual¬ 
ity  and  so  poorly  filled  out  as  to  be 
worthless. 

The  next  heaviest  bearer  is  Carman, 
a  nut  named  after  the  former  editor  of 
The  R.  N.-Y.  It  is  a  very  long,  light- 
colored  nut,  about  the  size  of  a  Van 
Deman,  but  will  yield  10  times  the  nuts 
Van  Deman  will.  A  man  who  was  con¬ 
versant  with  the  Northern  pecan  trade 
assured  me  that  Carman  was  the  very 
best  nut  to  meet  the  extra  fancy  trade 
of  the  North.  People  who  are  not  test¬ 
ing  Carman  do  not  know  what  they  are 
missing. 

Of  all  splendid  looking  pecans  the 
Van  Deman  has  always  taken  the  lead. 
If  you  expect  to  have  a  visit  from  the 
king,  or  to  entertain  angels  unawares, 
then  plant  Van  Deman  pecans  for  them, 
but  they  are  too  sparse  bearers  to  do 
much  as  a  commercial  pecan.  But  it 
will  be  long  years  before  anyone  brings 
out  as  beautiful  a  pecan  as  Van  Deman. 

The  Collingwood  is  another  one  of 
the  glorious  Louisiana  paper-shells,  like 
Van  Deman,  but  it  does  not  bear  heav¬ 
ily  enough  to  justify  its  being  used  as 
a  commercial  nut. 

Of  all  the  very  big  pecans  Pabst  is 
by  far  the  best.  It  has  many  very  fine 
points.  It  is  a  glorious  grower.  It  is 
the  only  one  of  the  very  big  pecans  that 
is  always  well  filled  out,  and  always 
rich  and  oily.  If  every  one  of  the 
pecans  in  the  world  were  to  be  done 
away  with  but  one  I  would  unhesitat¬ 
ingly  say,  “Save  Pabst  and  let  the 


others  go.”  The  Stuart  has  many  faults 
and  many  virtues.  Like  the  little  girl 
whom  we  have  so  often  read  about, 
“When  it  is  good  it  is  very,  very  good, 
And  when  it  is  bad  it  is  horrid.” 

Exactly  the  same  things  can  be  said 
about  the  James  pecan. 

The  Columbian,  Twentieth  Century, 
Rome,  Pride  of  the  Coast  (all  the  same 
pecan)  are  perfect  failures.  The  Cen¬ 
tennial  is  even  worse.  The  Frotscher 
is  no  better.  The  Nelson  and  Steckler 
are  about  like  Columbian,  big  but  rarely 
ever  anything  in  them.  The  Success, 
President,  Taylor,  and  Schley  are  very 
promising  nuts,  but  have  not  been  tested 
here  long  enough  to  speak  with  any  de¬ 
gree  of  certainty  about  them.  The  nuts 
themselves  are  grand,  but  the  question 
is,  does  the  tree  grow  vigorously 
enough,  and  do  they  bear  enough  to 
pay?  SAM  H.  JAMES. 

Louisiana. 


CONSUMER’S  DOLLAR. 

There’s  Your  30  Cents. 

Oil  page  1024  we  printed  a  letter  which 
W.  J.  Dougan  wrote  to  a  commission  man 
on  shipping  apples.  Mr.  Dougan  gave  or¬ 
ders  that  these  apples  were  not  to  be  sold 
for  less  than  50  cents  a  basket.  Some  of 
our  people  want  to  know  the  result.  Mr. 
Dougan  sends  this  report. 

I  arc  sending  you  two  statements  that 
were  received  to-day,  so  you  may  see  just 
how  much  i  made  by  sending  in  a  box.  The 
box  sold  for  50  cents  and  it  contained  96 
apples,  that  being  all  I  could  put  in  and 
get  cover  on.  I  don’t  know  the  name  of  the 
variety,  but  they  were  fine,  large,  red  with 
green  stripe  and  very  pretty,  and  as  smooth 
as  is  possible  for  apples  to  grow.  My 
opinion  is,  the  commission  merchant  has 
simply  taken  this  means  to  make  me  shut 
up  and  give  him  a  free  hand.  You  see, 
every  package  was  50  cents,  and  the  large 
baskets  brought  no  more  than  a  bushel 
basket  and  selected  first  grade  apples  no 
more  than  second-grade  in  a  bushel  basket. 
There  is  lots  being  written  about  the  style 
of  package,  but  I  begin  to  think  the  price  is 
governed  by  the  commission  merchants. 

W.  J.  DOUGAN. 

R.  N.-YT. — There  were  two  returns  made. 


Here  is  one  : 

1  basket  pears . 

6  baskets  pears . 

. 50 

.50 

3.00 

50 

Commission  . 

Freight  . 

Cartage  . 

. 40 

. 1.00 

. 35 

$4.00 

$1.75 

1.75 

' 

$2.25 

Thus  the  eight  packages  averaged  net  28 
cents  the  package,  costing  about  10  cents. 
The  cost  of  handling  was  56  per  cent  of 
the  commission  man’s  price.  The  con¬ 
sumer  paid  at  least  one  dollar  a  basket  for 
the  apples.  IIow  much  of  tnis  dollar  did 
Mr.  Dougan  get? 

The  other  report  follows : 

25  baskets  apples . 50  $12.50 

Commission  . $1.25 

Freight  .  2.85 

Cartage  . 75 


$4.85  4.85 

$7.65 

This  means  30  cents  per  basket,  or  20 
cents  after  paying  for  the  package.  The 
cost  of  handling  was  39  per  cent  of  the 
commission  man’s  price  and  Mr.  Dougan 
will  do  well  if  he  receives  20  cents  of  the 
dollar  which  the  consumer  pays  for  those 
apples.  And  now  suppose  we  had  a  par¬ 
cels  post,  such  as  is  found  in  Europe  ! 

Mayor  Shank’s  Potato  Deal. 

In  your  issue,  page  1021,  I  note  the  let¬ 
ter  you  sent  to  the  mayor  of  Indianapolis, 
Ind.,  and  also  the  reply  from  his  secre¬ 
tary.  I  desire  to  call  your  attention  to 
some  facts  that  will  throw  some  light  on 
this  matter.  During  this  Summer  it  was 
very  hot  and  very  dry  through  most  of 
the  central  part  of  the  United  States. 
Through  the  States  of  Indiana,  Illinois, 
Missouri  and  Iowa  there  are  but  few  pota¬ 
toes  .raised  to  more  than  supply  the  Sum¬ 
mer  ‘demand.  Over  great  tracts  of  these 
States  there  are  no  potatoes  grown  for  even 
the  local  markets.  The  hot  weather  and 
drought  cut  short  this  limited  supply  of 
potatoes,  and  the  resuit  was  that  prices 
were  very  high,  ranging  from  $1.40  to  $2 
er  bushel.  While  they  were  at  this  high 
gure  the  crop  in  Michigan,  Minnesota  and 
the  Dakotas  was  harvested  and  placed  on 
the  market.  The  mayor  of  Indianapolis 
learned  that  he  could  buy  potatoes  in  Mich¬ 
igan  for  about  70  cents  per  bushel,  and  did 
so  and  placed  them  on  the  market  in  his 
city,  the  fact  being  heralded  in  great  head¬ 
lines  in  the  papers.  Now  at  the  same 
time  the  Northern  grown  potatoes  appeared 
in  all  our  local  markets,  and  the  prices 
immediately  dropped  to  80  and  90  cents 
per  bushel.  I  cannot  think  the  mayor  of 
Indianapolis,  by  his  purchase  of  a  few 
carloads  of  potatoes,  affected  the  markets 
in  places  118  miles  from  his  city,  as  this 
place  is,  or  other  cities  much  farther  from 
Indianapolis. 

The  potato  crop  over  a  large  territory 
was  short,  prices  were  very  high,  a  late 
crop  came  into  the  market,  and  came  quite 
abundantly  and  prices  fell.  I  cannot  think 
the  mayor  of  Indianapolis  had  very  much 
to  do  with  the  matter.  Three  weeks  before 
it  would  have  been  impossible  for  him  to 
have  secured  the  potatoes  at  anything  like 
70  cents  per  bushel.  Six  weeks  ago  pota¬ 
toes  were  selling  all  through  this  part  of 
Illinois  around  $1.50  per  bushel,  while  to¬ 
day  they  are  selling  for  as  low  as  75  cents 
per  bushel,  but  I  cannot  think  the  mayor 


of  Indianapolis  has  become  such  a  “trust 
buster"’  as  to  make  the  difference. 

Illinois.  cius,  r.  adair. 

R.  N.-Y. — Possibly  not,  but  we  have  no 
evidence  that  the  dealers  in  Indianapolis 
made  any  effort  to  lower  prices  until  the 
mayor  led  the  way !  There  seems  to  be 
evidence  on  the  other  hand  that  these  deal¬ 
ers  had  formed  a  “combine”  to  prevem 
competition.  We  are  informed  that  car 
loads  of  potatoes  were  shipped  away  from 
Indianapolis  right  when  the  retail  pri  e 
was  so  high.  The  wide  publicity  given  o 
Mayor  Shank’s  work  is  one  of  the  best 
things  that  has  ever  happened  to  *ne 
produce  market. 


Here  is  a  suggested  remedy  for  apple 
growers  in  New  York  :  They  can  ship  direct 
to  the  Quincy  Market  Cold  Storage  Co  the 
cars  of  all  the  railroads  coming  to  J-  >ston 
are  connected  with  the  Union  Marginal 
Railroad,  that  covers  the  commercial  streets 
of  Boston,  and  cars  are  taken  to  the  cold 
storage  company  without  breaking  bulk.  The 
charge  for  storage  is  not  high  :  Twenty-five 
cents  per  barrel  for  one  month  ;  35  cents  for 
two  months;  45  cents  for  three  months; 
50  cents  for  four  months  ;  55  cents  for  five 
months ;  GO  cents  for  six  months.  In  car¬ 
load  lots  they,  Q.  M.  C.  S.  Co.,  pay  the 
charges  of  the  Union  Marginal  Railroad, 
which  is  $7  per  car.  Shippers  do  not  come 
td  Boston  to  sell  unless  they  wish  too ;  can 
do  all  their  business  by  mail,  with  cold 
storage  company  and  with  commission  men 
later  when  prices  are  high  to  sell. 

Massachusetts.  Horace  b.  barker. 


What  Causes  the  Mounds? 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“squart  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  pa^e. 


h«r<-  is  an  engine  that  comes  as 
r>ca»  costing  you  nothing  to  run 
at  an  be  built.  Its  price  is  very 
low  and,  moreover,  it  is  a  com¬ 
pute  engine — does  not  havo  to 
be  propped  against  its  work.  It 
do  a  large  part  of  the  hard 
work  of  everyone  on  the  farm. 


Eimp  2000  Gallon 

-  •_  •»  a  y 

for  . One  Cent  -J 


Enough  for  tho  or¬ 
dinary  farm  from  _  _ 

the  ordinary  well.  Of  course  If  your  well  isextra 
deep.it  will  cost  a  trifle  more.  Let  ustell  you 
what  it  will  cost,  and  sendyou  a  lot  of  other  irn- 
formation  about  gasoline  engines  that  will  in¬ 
sure  you  a  saving  in  cost,  in  repairs,  give  a 
greater  range  of  usefulness,  longer  service.  Our 
engine  books  will  make  you  a  still  better  judge 
of  what  an  engine  ought  to  be  and  how  it 
should  be  built.  They  also  describe  our 
STURDY  JACK  *  II.  P.  PUMPER 
an  engine  that  is  winning  friends  every  where.  P.nns 
from  snn  to  snn  on  a  gallon  of  gasoline.  Hoes  all 
the  jobs  yon  hatetodo — not  only  pumping,  but  run¬ 
ning  machinery  from  the  separator  up.  An  engine 
true  to  its  name.  Air-cooled  or  hopper  •  cooled. 
Drop  us  a  postal  today  for  facts. 

JACOBSON  MACHINE  MFG.  CO., Dept.  D  .Warren,  Pa 


I  was  much  interested  in  an  inquiry  by 
R.  G.  E.  in  regard  to  the  small  hummocks 
or  mounds  to  be  found  in  pasture  lots  or 
rough  land.  When  1  was  a  small  boy  I 
used  to  dig  into  many  of  these  mounds  ex¬ 
pecting  to  find  anything  from  a  dead  Indian 
to  a  buried  treasure,  but  as  time  went  on 
I  began  to  attribute  them  to  natural  causes, 
and  while  I  do  not  pretend  to  be  a  geologist 
I  think  I  can  explain  the  cause.  If  you 
have  ever  seen  a  tree  which  has  been  up¬ 
rooted  by  wind  you  will  notice  a  hole  in 
the  ground  caused  by  the  removal  of  the 
roots  and  earth  which  clings  to  them.  In 
the  course  of  time  these  roots  rot  away, 
and  the  earth  settles  into  a  mound  which 
is  soon  covered  by  grass.  To  illustrate  this 
explanation  I  will  make  a  sectional  drawing. 
In  diagram  A  is  the  depression  caused  by 
removal  of  earth  and  roots ;  B  the  pile  of 
earth  dropped  from  the  upturned  roots ;  C 
the  natural  level  of  the  ground.  This  mav 


MOUNDS  LEFT  BY  FALLEN  TREES. 


Sash  that  pay  for 
themselves 


We  know  of  instances  where  Sunlight  Double  Glass  Sash 
have  grown  crops  so  much  earlier  and  so  much  better  that  the 
extra  prices  they  brought  on  the  early  market  paid  for  the 
glass  themselves. 

Two  layers  of  glass  instead  of  one 

The  enclosed  dry  air  space  means  that  the  sasb  are  never 
covered— and  the  plants  get  all  the  light  all  the  time — and 
this  accounts  for  their  rapid  growth  and  sturdiness.  Even  in 
zero  weather  you  need  not  cover  Sunlight  Double  Glass  Sasb. 


not  be  tbe  cause  in  all  eases,  but  I  posi¬ 
tively  know  it  is  in  many,  and  I  have  in 
mind  a  large  wood  which  many  years  ago 
was  visited  by  a  storm  which  blew  down 
many  trees,  whose  rotting  trunks  may  be 
seen  to-day,  and  in  every  ease  the  hummock 
may  be  found.  harry  b.  Warner. 

In  regard  to  the  cause  of  mounds  in  pas¬ 
tures,  mentioned  on  page  996,  the  answer 
does  not  seem  very  satisfactory.  You  have 
perhaps  noticed  in  the  woods  a  large  tree 
has  been  blown  over,  the  roots  with  earth 
and  stones  standing  eight  or  10  feet  more 
or  less  in  the  air.  When  tbe  roots  and 
stump  decay  the  earth  and  stones  fall  and 
form  a  small  mound.  Where  these  mounds 
rise  you  will  see  a  small  depression,  and  it 
will  be  on  tho  side  of  the  prevailing  winds. 
Does  not  the  above  reason  sound  better  than 
those  given?  v.  e.  h. 

New  Hampshire. 

On  page  990  R.  G.  E.  asks  the  cause  of 
hummocks  in  v pastures.  If  he  means  t"he 
innumerable  hummocks  or  little  mounds  in 
the  low  grouud  in  cattle  pastures,  it  is 
easily  answered.  In  the  Spring  of  the  year 
when  the  ground  is  full  of  water  the  cattle 
treading  on  it  their  feet  settle  in  and  the 
mud  rises  around  their  feet.  This  process, 
continued  for  a  few  years,  makes  the 
mounds  he  refers  to.  I  doubt  if  this  would 
take  place  in  all  kinds  of  soils.  In  this 
section  they  are  everywhere.  This  is  ex¬ 
clusively  a  dairy  section,  and  the  mounds 
are  on  all  low  pasture  laud. 

Illinois.  h.  t.  THOMPSON. 


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has  eight24-inch  “Cutaway”  cutlery  steeldisks,  which  cut  a 
strip  6  ft.  wide  and  9  inches  deep.  It  will  throw  the 
soil  to  or  from  the  center,  leaving  the  land  level. 

This  tool  makes  money  for  the  owner  every 
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Dwarf  Apples  on  Doucin  Stocks. 

J.  V.  C.,  Bparkill,  N.  Y. — I  am  desirous 
of  planting  some  dwarf  apples  for  exhibition 
purposes  at  fairs ;  as  I  have  only  five  acres 
and  much  already  in  use  I  can  spare  only 
one  row  about  200  feet  long.  Would  dwarf 
apple  trees  on  Doucin  stocks  be  preferable 
to  those  on  Paradise  stocks?  I  understand 
they  grow  somewhat  larger  and  produce 
enough  fruit  to  make  them  of  some  value 
for  fruit  growing,  but  that  those  on  Para¬ 
dise  stocks  are  of  little  use,  being  too  small. 

Ans. — Dwarf  apple  trees  on  Doucin 
stocks  are  the  best  that  are  grown,  and 
preferable  to  those  on  Paradise  stocks, 
because  they  grow  more  vigorously.  For 
market  purposes,  as  a  business  venture, 
I  do  not  think  there  is  much  of  profit 
from  dwarf  apple  trees,  compared  with 
standard  trees.  But  they  are  small  and 
easy  to  spray  and  prune,  and  will  serve 
the  purposes  desired  very  well,  for  a 
greater  number  of  varieties  can  be 
grown  on  a  given  space  of  ground  than 
on  large  trees,  except  by  grafting  sev¬ 
eral  on  one  tree.  H.  E.  van  dejian. 


A  Hillside  in  Sod. 

E.  It.  P.,  West  Orange,  N.  J. — We  have 
several  acres  of  worn-out  pasture  on  a  hill¬ 
side  with  slope  to  the  west  which  has 
neither  been  plowed,  fertilized  nor  limed 
for  several  years.  The  top  soil  is  medium 
clay,  with  very  little  humus,  and  about 
one  foot  deep,  the  undersoil  is  close  and 
wet,  and  needs  lime.  What  is  the  best 
thing  to  do  at  this  late  season  to  prepare 
this  ground  for  use  as  part  pasture  and 
part  orchard  next  year,  and  the  proper  time 
to  apply  lime  and  manure  and  fertilizers? 

Ans. — If  the  hill  is  steep  so  water 
rushes  over  it,  we  would  not  advise  full 
plowing  at  this  late  season.  It  will  wash 
and  gulley  badly.  You  might  plow  in 
ridges — leaving  strips  eight  to  10  feet 
wide  unplowed.  These  would  hold  back 
the  water  and  prevent  serious  washing. 
In  early  September  we  should  have 
plowd  this  field  and  seeded  heavily  to 
rye  and  turnips.  This  would  have  cov¬ 
ered  the  ground  and  given  a  good 
growth  for  plowing  under  in  Spring. 
As  it  is  we  should  let  the  hillside  alone, 
though  early  Fall  plowing  would  have 
helped  in  breaking  up  the  old  sod.  In 
the  Spring  plow  and  lime. 


The  Dug-Drilled  Well. 

We  often  have  questions  from  readers 
about  the  plan  of  drilling  through  the  bot¬ 
tom  of  a  dug  well  which  has  run  dry.  The 
U.  S.  Geological  Survey  condemns  the 
practice  as  follows : 

“Almost  any  community  in  which  wells 
have  been  drilled  can  boast  of  a  number  of 
combination  dug  and  drilled  wells.  The 
owners  congratulate  themselves  on  their 
wisdom  in  utilizing  an  old  dug  well  15,  20, 
or  30  feet  in  depth,  and  drilling  through 
the  bottom  of  this  to  a  good  flow  of  deep 
water.  The  cost  of  drilling  that  20  or  30 
feet  has  been  saved,  certainly  an  economy 
worth  considering.  As  a  matter  of  fact, 
this  combined  dug  and  drilled  well  is  a 
particularly  dangerous  type.  It  may  read¬ 
ily  breed  malarial  fever  or  even  typhoid 
fever,  which  is  more  prevalent  in  the  coun¬ 
try  than  even  in  the  overcrowded  cities,  in 
spite  of  the  supposed  pure  water  supply  of 
nearly  all  farming  sections.  Such  a  well 
is  all  the  more  dangerous  because  it  is 
fancied  to  be  safe.  Although  the  water 
encountered  by  the  deep  well  may  be  per¬ 
fectly  pure  at  the  stdrt,  contamination  may 
take  place  almost  immediately  by  the  en¬ 
trance,  especially  after  rains,  of  seepage 
water  into  the  open  well  and  thence  into 
the  casing  of  the  drilled  well.  The  reme¬ 
dies  are  obvious.  Either  the  casing  should 
be  carried  to  the  surface  of  the  outside 
ground,  or  at  least  above  the  highest  level 
ever  reached  by  the  water,  or  the  open  well 
should  be  converted  into  a  water-tight  sys¬ 
tem  by  applying  a  thick  coating  of  cement 
over  both  sides  and  bottom.” 


Violations  of  Pure  Food  and  Drugs  Act. 

A  study  of  the  various  “notices  of  judg¬ 
ment”  sent  out  under  serial  numbers  by  the 
U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture  is  very  in¬ 
teresting  in  showing  the  various  risks  en¬ 
countered  by  the  ultimate  consumer.  These 
risks  begin  very  early  in  life,  for  we  find 
Notice  No.  10G8  refers  to  “Kopp’s  Baby’s 
Friend.”  This  is  supposed  to  relieve  the 
various  internal  afflictions  against  which 
the  baby  so  loudly  protests,  but  the  Depart¬ 
ment.  after  analysis,  says  that  the  combina¬ 
tion  of  ingredients  of  which  the  analysis 
shows  the  product  to  consist  does  not  pos¬ 
sess  therapeutic  properties  adequate  to  ob¬ 
tain  the  results  claimed  for  it,  and  the 
statements  and  claims  are,  therefore,  false 
and  misleading,  so  the  baby’s  friend  was 
fined  $15  and  costs. 

The  innocent  tomato  seems  to  get  into 
very  bad  company  commercially.  It  is 
painful  to  learn  that  “Everybody’s  Catsup” 
contained  150,000,000  bacteria  per  cubic 
centimeter,  which  sounds  entirely  too  pop¬ 
ulous  for  the  comfort  of  the'  consumer, 
while  some  stewed  and  strained  tomatoes 
put  up  by  the  same  firm  contained  20,000,- 
000  bacteria  per  cubic  centimeter.  The 
Department  says  these  products  consisted 
Id  part  of  a  filthy  decomposed  and  putrid 
vegetable  substance,  and  the  defendant  cor¬ 
poration  had  to  pay  $200  and  costs. 
Notices  numbered  1055,  1072,  1075,  1085 
ahd  1 0S6  relates  to  different  tomato  catsups, 
which  were  obviously  made  from  moldy  or 
decayed  tomatoes ;  any  of  these  foods  con¬ 
taining  filthy  or  decayed  products  are  sub¬ 
ject  to  prosecution.  One  of  these  carried 
185,000.000  bacteria  to  the  cubic  centi¬ 
meter.  One  catsup  delusively  entitled  “home 
made”  was  not  made  from  decayed  mate¬ 
rial,  but  was  also  watered,  and  the  maker 
was  fined  $10.  Tomato  pulp  and  tomato 
paste  were  found  to  be  decayed,  while  a 
“compound  catsup”  was  not  only  described 
as  consisting  in  part  of  a  filthy  vegetable 
substance,  but  it  was  largely  made  from 
some  fruit  not  tomato,  and  was  sweetened 


THE  RURAL 

with  saccharin.  It  is  cheering  to  learn 
that  the  defendant  had  to  pay  a  fine  of 
$200  for  vending  it. 

Tamarind  syrup  made  of  artificial  syrup 
colored  with  burnt  sugar  caused  a  fine  of 
$25.  Some  suspicious  currant  preserves 
consisted  of  “10%  sugar.  22%  red  cur¬ 
rants,  31%  apple  juice,  36%  glucose,  1% 
phosphoric  acid.”  This  does  not  sound 
much  like  the  currant  preserves  “mother 
used  to  make,”  but  as  the  label  admitted 
that  it  was  a  compound  it  would  have 
passed  the  law  had  not  the  maker  carelessly 
used  70.06  per  cent  glucose  when  the  label 
said  36  per.  cent,  so  he  was  fined  $10. 

It  is  sad  to  learn  of  mincemeat  seasoned 
with  salicylic  acid,  which  caused  a  fine  of 
$25,  but  one  may  avoid  that  by  making  the 
mincemeat  right  on  the  farm.  Cider  vine¬ 
gar  innocent  of  apples,  ice  cream  cones  pre¬ 
served  with  boracic  acid,  and  vanilla  ex¬ 
tract  made  of  coumarin  and  caramel,  also 
fell  under  suspicion. 

Among  drug  products  the  Department  was 
not  sustained  in  its  allegation  that  antl- 
kamnia  tablets  which  contained  acetphene- 
tidin.  should  not  bear  the  statement  that 
they  contain  no  acetanilid,  since  aoot- 
phenetidin  is  a  derivative  of  acetanilid  ;  this 
case,  however,  is  to  go  to  the  Supremo 
Court.  It  would  appear  that  those  tablets 
ore  not  misbranded,  technically  speaking, 
and  yet  to  the  uninstructed  person  they 
imply  a  falsehood,  since  the  danger  of 
acetanilid  has  been  so  freely  exploited, 
whereas  acetphenetidin  is  merely  a  long 
name,  conveying  no  clear  idea  to  the  •un¬ 
scientific.  “Dr.  Tucker’s  Specific  for 
Asthma”  was  found  to  be  misbranded  be¬ 
cause  it  was  not  a  specific,  and  also  con¬ 
tained  cocaine;  “Dr.  Kline’s  Great  Nerve 
Restorer”  gives  evidence  of  nerve  on  the 
part  of  the  maker,  as  the  Department  found 
it  did  not  possess  the  therapeutic  quali¬ 
ties  claimed,  and  was  therefore  misbranded 
‘Dr.  Peeble’s  Brain  Restorative  for  Epil¬ 
epsy  and  “Dr.  Peeble’s  Nerve-Tonic”  came 
in  for  condemnation ;  they  both  appeal  to 
h  particularly  helpless  Class  of  sufferers. 
The  Department  says  they  are  misbranded 
because  “the  statements  contained  in  the 
labels  on  the  two  bottles  and  the  pamphlet 
in  which  said  bottles  were  wrapped  and 
packed  are  false  and  misleading,  because 
they  convey  the  impression  that  the  drugs 
in  question  possess  therapeutic  properties 
of  high  value  in  the  treatment  of  epilepsy 
and  diseases  of  the  brain  and  nervous  sys¬ 
tem,  when,  in  truth  and  in  fact,  the  agents 
of  which  the  said  drugs  are  composed  have 
long  been  known  in  the  medical  profession 
and  no  reliable  authority  claims  that,  taken 
singly  or  together,  they  can  be  relied  on 
for  the  cure  of  epilepsy  or  kindred  diseases, 
the  fact  being  generally  recognized  among 
the  highest  medical  authorities  that  there 
Is  no  substance  or  mixture  known  at  the 
present  time  which  can  be  relied  upon  for 
this  purpose,  any  beneficial  effect  which 
the  treatment  in  question  might  have  being 
temporary  and  palliative  only.”  Another 
epilepsy  nostrum,  “Dr.  Lindley’s  Epilepsy 
Remedy,”  caused  its  sponsor  to  be  fined 
$200,  because  the  label  was  false  and  mis¬ 
leading,  while  “Dr.  Detclion’s  Relief  for 
Rheumatism”  was  also  improperly  labeled, 
and  resulted  in  a  similar  fine.  All  this 
work  will,  in  future,  be  under  the  control  of 
Dr.  II.  TV.  Wiley,  who  is  well  known  as  an 
uncompromising  foe  to  food  and  drug  frauds. 


Buffalo  Overcoats  for  Sale. 

The  War  Department  of  the  United  States 
recently  announced  that  it  would  offer  for 
sale  a  limited  number  of  buffalo  overcoats. 
These  garments,  which  are  now  becoming 
costly  and  uncommon,  are  admirable  for 
drivers  or  automobilists  in  cold  weather, 
and  many  farmers  would  be  glad  to  secure 
one.  It  appears  that  the  War  Department 
has  in  stock  at  Omaha,  Neb.,  about  4.200 
o?  these  coats,  which  will  be  sold  singly 
or  in  small  lots  at  various  army  depots. 
The  first  lot  of  10  coats  was  on  sale  at  the 
Army  Building,  39  Whitehall  St.,  New  York 
City.  October  16.  Purchasers  were  required 
to  send  in  sealed  bids  by  circular  letters 
sent  out  10  days  before.  Sales  were  made 
to  highest  bidders  whose  bids  exceeded  $25 
per  coat,  preference  being  given  to  individ¬ 
ual  bidders.  Bids  must  be  accompanied  by 
certified  check  or  cash,  amounting  to  25 
per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  bid.  If  bids 
arc  for  a  particular  size  and  no  other,  this 
must  be  stated  in  bid.  The  successful  bid¬ 
der  must  be  prepared  to  pay  for  bis  coat, 
and  remove  it,  within  three  days  after 
being  notified  of  award.  If  it  is  found  that 
the  preliminary  sales  are  satisfactory,  more 
lots  will  be  offered.  Information  and  cir¬ 
cular  letters  concerning  these  sales  may  be 
secured  by  addressing  Depot  Quartermaster, 
Army  Building,  New  York. 


PRESIDENT 

50W®ifi2fll«llE[tWlK  SHUTS’ 

“A  little  more  than  you  pay  for”— 

that’s  why  President  Work  Shirts  are  so  popular 

«Sl'ooefnr^0HcPay .12Cof0rJhe  “Regular”  o 
v  1.00  for  the  Special  President  you  get  mort 

If'A  .  *I10W  real  comfort,  more  real  satis 

faction  than  it  Is  possible  to  get  in  any  othe 
work  shirt.  This  is  not  an  “idle  boast,”  it  i 
President  truth  from  President  wearers.  Seethe 
the  garments  will  prove  it !  4 

At  your  dealer’s;  if  not,  send  us  his  name,  youi 

f"sam,,'e  shlr 

The  President  Shirt  Co. 

12  W.  Fayette  St.  Baltimore,  Md 


NEW-YORKER 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Busy  asphalt-diggers  in  Trinidad  Lake 

Natural  asphalt  is  the 
life  of 

Genasco 

the  Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt  Roofing 

And  natural  oils  are  the 
life  of  Trinidad  Lake 
asphalt.  They  do  not 
evaporate  when  exposed 
to  sun  and  air  like  the  oils 
of  coal-tar  and  other  resid¬ 
ual  pitch  roofings.  This 
is  why  Genasco  does  not 
crack  and  leak  and  go  to 
pieces.  It  stays  lastingly 
waterproof. 

Mineral  or  smooth  sur¬ 
face.  Fully  guaranteed. 

The  Kant-Ieak  Kleet  waterproofs  the 
seams  of  roofing  without  dauby  cement 
and  prevents  nail-leaks. 

Ask  your  dealer  for  Genasco  with 
Kant-leak  Kleets  packed  in  the  roll. 

The  Barber  Asphalt 
Paving  Company 

Ltlnett  producer!  of  ntphalt,  ami  Urgent 
manufacturer*  of  ready  roofing  in  tho  world. 

Philadelphia 

New  York  San  Francisco  Chicago 


Cross-section  Genasco  Stone-surface  Rnnfino 

Gravel  8 

rrinitiad  Lake  Asphalt 
~  I  Asphalt-saturated  Wool  Felt 


Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 
—  ~ - =••=■•=•-==3  Aspl  alt-saturated  Wool  Felt 


Bigger  Profits 
With  This  Power 


More  work  at  less  expense  and  less  repair' 
cost  than  with  any  other  engine  made.  Let  us'  _ 
provelt.  Write  for  Free  Leffel  Book.  Youarenot’ 
prepared  to  buy  until  you  get  our  proposition. 

Leffel — 

Steam 


Eng 


mes 


are  tho  simplest, 
most  durable,  and 
economical  p  o  w  o  r 
outfits  made.  Lartjo 
variety  of  uses.  No 
breakdowns,  no  de^ 
lays.  Don’t  decide 
on  any  outfit  until 
you  get  tho  LEFFEL 
FREE  BOOK. 

Address 
James  Leffel  &  Co. 
Box26i  Springfield, 


MIDDLEDITCH  Keroscne 


ENGINES 


Operate  perfectly  on  common 
coal  oil,  gasoline,  distillate, 
alcohol  or  any  similar  liquid 
fuel.  Our  catalog  explains 
why  this  is  safest,  simplest, 
most  economical  and  prac¬ 
tical  power. 

Genuine  Free  Trial 

If  it  doesn’t  satisfy  you  in 
every  way  the  trial  costs 
nothing.  Don’t  invest  in  any 
engine  until  you  get  our 
proposition.  Write  for  it  now. 

THE  MIDDLEDITCH  ENGINE  CO. 

29  Meldrum  Ave.,  Detroit,  Mich. 


And  Yon 
Keep  This 

Great  'Engine 

We  will  ship  you  Schmidt’s  Chuied  Cylinder 
Gasoline  Engine  on  your  simple  request  with¬ 
out  an  order  or  any  promise  from  you.  You  use 
the  engine  10  whole  days — use  it  all  you  want. 
Then  if  you  don  t  want  it  send  it  back  at  our 
expense.  If  you  do  wish  to  keep  it,  pay  us 
only  $7.50  and  you  can  pay  the  rest  fn 
the  easiest  monthly  payments. 

We  send  you  the  engine  free,  to  prove  to  you  that  it 
is  the  greatest  air  cooled  3  horse  power  engine  on  earth. 
We  want  you  to  see  for  yourself  that  it  is  better  than  any 
other  engine  that  costs  twice  and  three  times  as  much  — 
the  only  engine  that  has  the  powerful  chilled  cylinder 

Ten  DaysTrial  FREE 

This  is  the  first  genuine  free  trial  ever  offered  on  gasoline 
engines  for  farm  and  shop  use.  We  want  you  to  see  that 
women  and  children  can  run  this  engine.  Use  the  engine 
to  run  the  pumps  and  any  other  machinery  you  may  have. 
Schmidt  s  Chilled  Cylinder  Gasoline  Engine  Is  absolutely 
guaranteed  for  five  years  in  every  piece  and  part. 
The  biggest  bank  in  Iowa  backs  our  Sl.OOOchallangeoffer. 

Send  For  FREE  Catalogs 

Write  to  us  promptly  for  particulars  and  we  will  send  you 
a  copy  of  our  new  book,  “How  to  Use  Power.”  free 
and  postpaid*  Write  to  us  today. 

Schmidt  Bros-  Co.  Engine  Works 

department  4298  davenport,  iowa 


Power  at  Low  Cost 
Kerosene  as  Fuel 

HERE  is  Power  for  you  that  can  always  bo  relied 
upon.  The  Colton  Modern  Kerosene  Engino  is 
the  most  economical ,  simplest  and  most  reliable 
Farm  Power  Plant  yet  invented.  Its  many  new  im¬ 
proved  patented  features  are  most  valuable  and  are 
not  found  on  any  other  engine.  Power  is  constant, 
speed  regulated  without  stopping  engine — adjusts 
itself  instantly  to  any  overload— no  cranking  to 
8 tart  it. 

Let  this  wonderful  engine  demonstrate  its  unusual 
value  to  you.  Connect  it.  to  your  water  system, 
lighting  system,  pumps  or  any  other  machinery.  If 
it  doesn  t  prove  a  great  money  and  labor  saver, 
return  it  and  get  your  money  back. 

The  Colton  operates  perfectly  on  kerosene,  tho 
most  economical  and  satisfactory  fuel.  Kerosene  can 
be  purchased  anywhere  at  about  half  the  cost  of  gaso- 
line,  is  much  safer  to  handle  and  gives  more  power, 
gallon  for  gallon,  than  gasoline.  Gasoline,  alcohol, 
distillate,  and  other  fuel  oils  may  also  be  used. 

POSITIVE,  UNCONDITIONAL  GUARANTY 

Every  Colton  is  sold  under  a  positive,  unqualified 
guarantee  to  give  satifactory  service  or  money  re¬ 
funded.  Our  company  has  been  established  27  years. 
You  need  an  engine  on  your  farm— so  investigate 
the  Colton — the  latest 

ic  novel  /Ml  _  development  in  en- 

10  UdjfS  gino  building. 

FREE  Trial  IS*  Get  **  011  trial  and 

compare  its  simple, 
compact  construction, 
superior  quality  ma¬ 
terials  and  high  grade 
workmanship.  You 
will  see  it  operate  with 
less  attention  and  fur¬ 
nishes  more  power  per 
rating  than  any  en¬ 
gine  you  ever  saw. 
Send  for  free  engine 
book  at  once. 

Arthur  Colton  Co. 

701  Brush  Street 

DETROIT  .  .  MICH. 


Lauson  “Frost  King” 

Awarded  Gold  Medals 

At  the  Royal  Agricultural  Show,  Norway, 
1907  and  1910,  Lauson  Frost  Kings  were  given 
highest  award  Gold  Medal  for  simplicity,  fine 
finish,  easy  starting  and  over  25iS  less  fuel 
consumption  than  any  other  American  engine. 

Lauson  “Frost  Kings”  are  used  in  Mexico, 
South  America,  Australia  and  Sunny  Italy,  with 
the  same  satisfaction  as  in  Northern  Canada. 
Guaranteed  to  give  perfect  satisfaction  or 
money  refunded.  They  develop  more  than 
rated  horse  power;  _re  balanced  to  stand  with¬ 
out  blocking  or  bracing;  perfectly  cooled  with 
little  water.  Write  for  catalog.  State  size 
engine  wanted  and  your  dealer’s  name. 

THE  JOHN  LAUSON 
MFC.  CO. 

218  N.W.  St., 
New  Holitein, 
Wi*. 


-99  %,  %  Pure- 

American  Ingot  Iron  Roofing 

Guaranteed  For  30  Years 

Without  Painting 

The  Only  Guaranteed  Metal  Roofing  ever  put  on  the 
market.  Samples  free.  Write  for  a  free  book  showing 
remarkable  tests.  A  way  out  of  your  roof  troubles. 

THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  C0„  Dent.  0,  ELYRIA,  OHIO 


ACTUAL  CONVINCING  PROOF 

A  big  saving  in  oil  and  gasoline  because  all  parts 
enclosed— dirt  kept  out,  can’t  scratch  cylinder. 

TaiM&W'WSV a\h  cooled  gives  proof 


Gentlemen  : — My  Rki  H.  P.  "NE  W  WA  Y”:is  a  wonder.  I  cut  65  cords 
of  18-inch  hard  maple  in  20  hours  with  a  5-foot  drag  saw.  Kept  5  men 
busy  handling  it.  M.  C.  Cross,  Route  No.  4,  Cincinnatus,  N.  Y. 


WRITE  US  NOW  FOR  OUR  NEW  ENGINE  CATALOG  NO.  5 

140  SHERIDAN  ST. 


1072 

USING  FISH  AS  FERTILIZER. 

J.  M.  K.,  Salerno,  Fla. — Have  readers  of 
TnE  R.  N.-Y.  had  any  experience  in  making 
fertilizer  out  of  fish?  I  am  living  near  a 
fish  house  that  carries  off  quite  a  quantity 
of  fish  every  day  and  dumps  it  in  the 
river.  I  could  get  this  fish  at  a  low  figure 
if  I  could  fix  it  up  in  Such  a  way  as  to 
be  able  to  keep  it  for  a  while.  Could  I  get 
a  machine  to  grind  up  the  fish  and  then 
by  placing  a  layer  of  fish  in  a  cement  pit 
or  something  of  the  kind,  be  able  to  dry  it 
by  spreading  something  over  each  layer, 
preserving  it  and  making  it  easy  to  handle? 

Ans. — Many  farmers  along  the  coast 
handle  Fish  waste  as  fertilizer.  Some 
haul  and  spread  at  once,  plowing  under 
as  soon  as  possible.  This  plowing  is  nec¬ 
essary,  for  if  left  to  decay  the  fish  gives 
off  a  terrible  odor.  Others  compost  the 
fish  with  manure,  muck,  black  soil  or 
sods,  and  let  it  decay  in  this  compost. 
Others  use  land  plaster  as  a  drier, 
sprinkling  it  freely  over  the  fish  before 
putting  it  in  compost.  This  land  plaster 
dries  the  fish  rapidly  and  prevents  the 
loss  of  some  ammonia.  It  would  not  pay 
to  buy  a  machine  to  grind  the  fish.  We 
should  make  a  cement  pit  near  where  the 
fish  catch  is  made,  put  it  in  this  pit  and 
sprinkle  freely  with  land  plaster.  At 
intervals  clean  out  the  fish  and  compost 
it  with  manure  or  rich  soil  for  three 
months  before  using  on  the  land.  The 
raw  fish  is  quite  likely  to  sour  the  land. 

SERUM  TREATMENT  FOR  IIOG  CHOLERA 

What  is  the  serum  treatment  for  hog 
cholera?  How  is  it  applied?  What  is  the 
effect  on  the  hog?  Where  can  it  be  ob¬ 
tained?  G.  w.  H. 

Massachusetts. 

Hog  cholera  serum  is  blood  from  hogs 
that  are  naturally  or  otherwise  immune 
to  cholera,  and  which  have  been  inocu¬ 
lated  with  cholera  virus,  a  treatment 
that  renders  the  hogs  so  treated  doubly 
immune,  “hyper-immune”  it  is  called.  In 
short  the  cholera  serum  is  produced  as 
follows :  A  number  of  healthy  hogs  are 
injected  with  blood  from  sick  hogs,  and 
at  the  same  time  with  serum  from 
hyper-immune  hogs.  After  a  week  or 
ten  days  the  treated  hogs  are  ready  to 
supply  the  cholera  antitoxin  or  serum, 
when  a  section  of  the  tail  is  cut  off  and 
a  portion  of  blood  secured.  The  fibrin 
is  removed  from  this  blood,  leaving  the 
red  blood  corpuscles  and  the  serum. 
This  serum  is  preserved  in  glass  bottles, 
a  small  proportion  of  carbolic  acid  being 
used  as  a  preservative.  This  serum 
contains  no  disease-producing  bacilli,  and 
when  injected  under  the  skin  of  the  hogs 
to  be  treated  renders  them  immune  to 
disease  for  a  period  of  at  least  three 
weeks.  Lifetime  immunity  may  be  se¬ 
cured  by  simultaneously  injecting  with 
serum  and  with  disease-producing  blood 
from  a  sick  hog,  but  such  treatment  is 
not  desirable  for  general  use,  and  only 
in  case  of  valuable  animals,  or  when 
there  is  imminent  danger  of  another  out¬ 
break  of  disease.  When  the  serum  is 
used  alone  there  is  no  effect  produced  on 
the  treated  hogs,  but  the  double  treat¬ 
ment  causes  sickness  for  a  short  period. 
Any  veterinarian  can  treat  hogs  with 
this  serum,  and  so  could  the  farmer 
himself  if  he  would  use  care  in  applying 
the  treatment. 

Hog  cholera  serum  is  rather  expensive 
at  present  and  is  only  produced  by 
State-owned  laboratories.  It  is  fur¬ 
nished  at  cost  to  residents  of  the  State, 
but  the  supply  is  far  short  of  the  de¬ 
mand,  and  it  is  only  supplied  to  farms 
where  cholera  actually  exists.  Veter¬ 
inarians  in  State  employ  have  applied 
the  treatment  where  needed,  and  the 
farmer  whose  hogs  are  treated  pays 
this  man  a  fixed  charge  per  animal,  or 
for  each  100  pounds  of  hogs  treated, 
these  charges  defraying  the  cost  of  pro¬ 
ducing  the  serum;  the  salary  and  ex¬ 
penses  of  the  veterinarian  are  paid  by 
the  State.  This  treatment  has  been 
patented  with  a  provision  that  anyone 
can  produce  the  serum  without  paying 

royalty  to  the  patentee,  which  will  pre- 


THE  RUR-A-X,  NEW-YORKER 


vent  any  manufacturing  chemist  mon¬ 
opolizing  serum  production.  For  this 
reason  it  is  not  likely  that  any  chemist 
will  undertake  the  commercial  produc¬ 
tion  of  cholera  serum.  It  now  seems 
that  each  State  must  produce  its  own 
serum,  and  in  1910  the  following  States 
were  making  serum :  Ohio,  Indiana, 
Illinois,  Missouri,  Oklahoma,  Kansas, 
Nebraska,  Iowa,  the  Dakotas,  Minnesota, 
Michigan,  Kentucky,  Pennsylvania,  Mis¬ 
sissippi,  New  York  and  Texas.  Most 
antitoxins  and  serums  may  be  produced 
from  artificial  cultures,  or  from  animals 
other  chan  those  that  are  to  be  immunized. 
Not  so  with  cholera  serum,  for  no  ani¬ 
mal  is  susceptible  to  hog  cholera  except¬ 
ing  the  hog,  and  the  bacillus-producing 
hog  cholera  has  not  yet  been  identified 
because  of  its  small  size,  being  beyond 
the  power  of  the  most  powerful  micro¬ 
scopes.  Diphtheria  antitoxin  is  produced 
by  horses,  smallpox  vaccine  by  calves, 
but  the  hog  must  create  his  own  im¬ 
munity. 

In  1910  the  Ohio  Legislature  appro¬ 
priated  $25,000  to  purchase  and  improve 
a  serum-producing  farm.  A  farm  of  100 
acres,  12  miles  each  of  Columbus,  was 
secured,  and  this  year  $60,000  was  pro¬ 
vided  to  equip  this  farm  with  suitable 
buildings.  Recently  the  Ohio  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture  has  announced  that 
hereafter  serum  will  be  supplied  to  those 
who  need  it  and  local  veterinarians  may 
be  employed  to  apply  it,  but  the  cost  of 
the  serum  was  not  stated.  It  was  found 
that  so  many  men  in  State  employ 
were  needed  to  apply  the  serum  treat¬ 
ment  that  the  plan  was  abandoned  as 
impractical,  and  the  work  turned  over 
to  local  men  or  to  any  person  qualified 
for  veterinary  practice. 

In  case  one’s  own  State  is  not  pro¬ 
ducing  serum,  in  an  emergency,  a  sup¬ 
ply  might  be  secured  from  another 
State,  but  it  is  useless  to  apply  to  the 
U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture.  Hog 
cholera  investigations  began  in  the 
United  States  in  1878,  but  it  was  not 
until  1903  that  it  was  announced  that 
a  satisfactory  treatment  was  found  for 
the  disease  in  the  form  of  serum  treat¬ 
ment  or  inoculation.  Dr.  Dorset,  of  the 
Bureau  of  Animal  Husbandry,  U.  S. 
Department  of  Agriculture,  has  the 
honor  of  bringing  this  treatment  to  its 
present  stage  of  success,  though  several 
other  men  deserve  credit  for  a  lot  of 
pioneer  work  performed  in  the  past  30 
years.  I  wish  to  point  out  that  the 
serum  is  not  a  cure  for  cholera,  but  a 
highly  efficient  preventive.  If  the  hog  is 
exposed  to  the  disease  at  the  tinie  of 
inoculation  he  will  not  take  the  disease, 
but  as  is  mentioned  above,  he  will  be 
rendered  doubly  immune;  but  the_ great 
value  of  the  serum  treatment  lies  in  the 
protection  it  affords  the  well  hogs  of  a 
herd  and  in  its  preventing  the  disease 
spreading.  All  dead  hogs  should  be 
buried  deeply,  or  better,  burned.  It  is 
useless  to  inoculate  a  sick  hog,  but  lie 
should  be  separated  from  the  others  and 
confined  in  a  place  capable  of  thorough 
disinfecting.  Hog  cholera  seems  highly 
contagious,  so  no  risks  should  be  taken 
by  letting  men,  dogs,  hogs  or  birds  go 
freely  from  farm  to  farm  without  mak¬ 
ing  use  of  sanitary  precautions  to  pre¬ 
vent  the  spread  of  the  disease. 

Ohio.  W.  E.  DUCKWALL. 

COMING  FARMERS’  MEETINGS. 

National  Dairy  Show,  Chicago,  Ill.,  Oc¬ 
tober  26-Novembcr  4. 

National  Creamery  Butter  Makers  Asso¬ 
ciation,  Chicago,  November  1-3. 

Indiana  Apple  Show,  Indianapolis,  No¬ 
vember  6-11.  _ 

Maine  Corn  and  Fruit  Show,  Portland, 

November  6-11.  „  .  - 

Massachusetts  Corn  Show,  Springfield, 
Mass.,  November  7-9. 

Farm  Institute  Workers  Convention, 
Columbus,  O,,  November  13-15. 

American  Road  Congress,  Richmond,  Va., 
November  20-23. 

National  Grange,  Columbus,  O.,  Novem¬ 
ber  15-24.  _  . 

Maine  Seed  Improvement  Association, 
Waterville,  November  21-23. 

National  Apple  Show,  Spokane,  Wash., 
November  27-30. 

Federation  of  Agricultural  Associations, 
Keyser,  W.  Va.,  November  27-December  1. 

National  Irrigation  Congress — Chicago, 
Dec.  5-9. 

N.  Y.  State  Dairymen’s  Ass’n,  Olean, 
December  12-13. 

-Maine  Live  Stock  Breeders’  Association, 
Orono,  December  14-15. 

Illinois  State  Horticultural  Society,  De¬ 
cember  11-16. 

National  Mid- Winter  Sheep  Show — 
Omaha,  Neb.,  Dec.  13-16. 

Conventions,  Pennsylvania  Live  Stock  and 
Horticultural  Associations,  Duquesne  Gar¬ 
den,  Pittsburgh,  January  15-20. 

Livingston  County,  N.  Y.,  Poultry  Show, 
January  16-19,  1912. 

N.  J.  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  Janu¬ 
ary  17-19. 

N.  Y.  State  Grange,  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  Feb¬ 
ruary  6-9. 


HARLEY  DAVIDSON 


MOTORCYCLES 

THOUSANDS  of  men  to-day  ride  Har- 
ley-Davidson  Motorcycles,  and  go 
where  they  want  to  In  one-flfth 
the  time  a  horse  would  take — at  a  cost 
of  one- tenth  contpermlle.  They 're  built 
for  comfort  and  service;  run  easily, 
smoothly  and  quietly. 

Write  for  ourattractive  booklet, 
“The  Harley-Davldson  on  the  Farm”. 
Harley-Davidson  218  A  St., 

Motor  Co.,  Milwaukee, 

Wis. 


iYgonts!  Big  Profits 


Makes  Kvery 
Man  An  Expert 
No  f.x  perienc© 
Necessary 
Gnaranteed 
For  Life 


New  patented  Automatic  Razor 
8tropper.  Automatically  pnta  a 
perfect  ©<lg©  on  any  razor.  OLD  style  or 
eafety.  Big  eetler.  Kvery  man  wants 
one.  Writ©  quick  for  terms,  prices  and 
territory. 


C.  O.  BRANDT  CUTLERY  CO.,  84  W.  Broadway,  N.  Y. 


ReduceThat  Feed  Bill 

Increase  your  milk  supply  at  the 
same  time  by  feeding  Dried  Brewers 
Grains  and  Malt  Sprouts.  Send  for 
our  valuable  descriptive  booklet  on 
Points  for  Stock  Feed«rs. 

Farmers  Feed  Co., 

76th  St.,  East  River,  New  York  City 


Standard  Voforlnory  Remedy 
In  Use  21  Year* 


Trade  Mark 
Registered 


HEAVES  CURED 

klQA/TfHl’Q  DCUCnV  I"  Death  to  Heavoa. 
nCYTIUN  0  nCIVlLUl  coughs.  Distempers. 

Safe,  positive  cure  that  is  Guaranteed  for 
Heaves.  It  gets  at  the  root  of  the  trouble.  A 
scientific  remedy  for  Indigestion, which  is  the  real 
cause  of  heaves.  Heaves  affect  the  lungs  only 
indirectly.  Newton’s  Remedy  drives  out  Intoe* 
final  worms  and  is  an  excellent  stomach  and 
bowel  conditioner.  Book  explains  fully,  free.  $1 
per  can,  at  dealers’,  or  sent  direct,  prepaid. 
THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


Will  reduce  inilamed,  strained, 
swollen  Tendons,  Ligaments, 
Muscles  or  Bruises,  Cure  the 
Lameness  and  stop  pain  from  a 
Splint,  Side  Bone  or  Bone  Spavin. 
No  blister,  no  hair  gone.  Horse  can  be 
used.  $2  a  bottle  deliverod.  Describe 
fore  After  your  case  for  special  instructions  and 
Book  !J  E  free. 

ABSORBINE,  JK.,  the  liniment  for  mankind. 
Reduces  strained,  torn  ligaments,  enlarged  glands, 
veins  or  muscles— heals  ulcers— allays  pain.  Price 
|1.00  a  bottle  at  dealers  or  delivered. 

W.F. YOUNG,  P.D.F.,  88  Temple  St.,  Springfield,  Mass, 


F  armers’  F  avorite 

Feed  Cookers  and  Agricultural  Boilers 

often  add  25%  to  the  flow  of  milk  during 
winter  months.  Burn  any  fuel.  Capaci¬ 
ties  range  from  25  gal.  to  100  gal. 
Guaranteed  satisfactory  or  your  money 
back.  IVritc  for  Catalog  with  Price-List. 

Lewis  Mfg.  Co.,  Box  C  Cortland,  N.Y. 


it 


j  T  H  PAINT,  60c. gal.  In  2  and  5-gal .  cans. 

roofs  and  out- 

Tappan,  N.  Y. 


Cl  IMTOflATH  PAINT,  60c.gal.  In  2  a 
rUm  bUAi  Splendid  forfeit: 
buildings.  INDUSTRIAL  HOME, 


November  4 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


TRAPPIIN6  PAYS  BIG 

if  you  know  the  inside  secrets  of  the 
business.  Fur  News  Magazine,  pub¬ 
lished  monthly,  $1  a  year,  tells  all  about 


FARM  BOOK  FREE 

Just  issued  by  Vermont’s  Publicity  Bureau, 
Homeseekers1  Guide  to 

Vermont 

Farms 

a  book  of  general  information  about  the 
State’s  Agricultural  resources.  Also  contains 
largo  list  of  desirable  farms  for  sale. 

Send  for  it  today.  It  is  Free. 

GUY  W.  BAILEY,  Seo’y  of  State 

Publicity  Department.  Essex  Junction.  Vermont 


L  From  the  Peanut  Fields  of  Virginia 
1  To  the  Orange  Groves  ot  Florida 

}Thm  the  6  Sou.  States  traversed  by 
I  the  S.  A.  L.  Ry.  You  can  be  independent' 
'  raising  fruits  and  vegetables.  Land  cheap,  easy  terms. 
Ideal  climate,  plenty  of  water.  2  to  3  crops  a  year,  net 
$500  to  $1000  per  acre  in  Manatee  County,^* 
on  the  West  Coast  of  Florida.  Booklet  fet?- 
free.  J.  A.  Pride,  Gen.  Ind.  AgL 
Seaboard  Air  Line  Railway, 

Suite  606  Norfolk,  Va. 


SELL  GOOD  FARMS  in  Oceana,  greatest  fruit  Co. 
in  U.S.;  also  grain,  poiatoes,  alfalfa,  dairying. 
Write  for  list,  etc.  HANSON  &  SON,  llart,  Mich. 


wE, 


FOR  9AI  E— Farm  of  397  acres;  half  mile  from 
run  OHLL  village,  railroad,  creamery,  church, 
store,  school;  two  miles  large  village.  16-room 
house,  furnace,  bath,  hot  and  cold  water.  Overshot 
barn,  62x62  ;  38headof  stock,  team,  hay, machinery, 
farming  tools.  Price  for  all,  $15,000.  OGDENS’ 
AGENCY,  Walton,  Delaware  County,  N.  Y. 

FOR  Q  A I  C— 800-ACRE  FARM;  main  street’ 
IUa  OHLL  Providence  to  Boston:  trolley  passes 
door.  Two  full  sets  good  buildings;  good  land, 
well  watered  and  wooded.  Best  markets;  milk,  6c. 
wholesale;  eggs,  50c  doz.  American  neighbors. 
Five  minutes’  walk  to  stores,  post  office,  high 
school,  etc.  Electric  light,  city  water,  gas  and  tole- 
plionocan  be  had.  Will  be  sold  forcostofbnildings; 
ill  health  cause  of  sale.  Easy  terms.  M.H.  ELLS¬ 
WORTH,  Owner,  Plainville,  Mass. 


FOR  Q Al  F-If  y°u  want  the  best  farms  for  the 
lUU  OHLL,  nioney,  send  for  our  largo  free  catalog. 
HALL’S  FARM  AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.,  N.Y. 


RAW  FURS 


G.  I.  FOX.  142 
W.  26th  Street, 
N.Y.  A  square 
deal,  liberal  as¬ 
sortment,  top 
prices.  Write 
for  price  list. 


The  T rappers  World 

Devoted  to  Hunting,  Trapping.  Contains  from 
100  to  2uii  pages  of  intensely  interesting  reading, 
contributed  by  real,  red-blooded  sportsmen  in  their 
own  language.  J  ust  the  magazine  that  every  bun. 
ler,  trapper,  angler,  and  In  fact  everybody  wants 
One  year,  $1.00;  one  copy,  10c.  Coin — no  stamps' 
Address  TRAPPERS  WORLD,  7  Ryn  Street,  Ssbula,  Iowa 

9  mm  a  vmmm  m  gjmmb  m  mmmm  m  mm  • 

I  Raw  Furs  Wanted  I 


Fur  News  Pub.  Cu.,  46  W.  24th  St.,  New  Yurk,  Room  620. 


Skunk,  Mink,  Raccoon,  Opossum,  Fox,  Muskrat  and 
other  furs  are  bringing  high  prices  in  New  York,  the 
best  market  for  you  to  ship  to.  Do  you  want  to  know 

“  How  to  Got  More  Money  for  Your  Raw  Furs?" 

Write  for  "  Monio’s  Hunter  .and  Trapper"  and  price 
list — it’s  free.  Highest  commercial  references, 

F.  N.  MON  JO,  154  W.  25th  St.,  N.Y. 

■iaoiiaaanoaai«H 


I 

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Make  moro  money  out  of 
Raw  Furs  by  getting  full 
value  yourseif  and  save 
middleman's  profits. 
Now  York  is  best  market 
and  wo  pay  highest  prices 
for  hides  of  Skunks, 
Minks,  Ooons,  etc.  Out 
out  the  commission  house  humbug  and  ship  to  us  di¬ 
rect.  We  stand  express.  More  than  30  years  in  business. 
—  nn-ri  rn  nn  Write  for  price  listand  references. 

BELT,  BUTLER  CD.,  Exporters,  4  East  12th  Sheet.  NewYork 


Cash  for 

Raw  Furs 


SKUNK 


M.  J.  Jewett  &  Sons, 


We  buy  Skunk.  MinkAIusk- 
rat  and  all  other  raw  furs  at 
highest  market  prices,  and 
give  liberal  assortments  and 
“A  square  deal”  to  everyone. 

_  I’rice-Iist  free. 

Redwood,  N,  Y„  Dept.  29 


FUR  SHIFTERS! 

What’s  the  use  of  guessing  at  the  value  of 
your  furs  during  the  season  of  1911-1912 
when  all  that’s  required  to  find  out  their 
real  value  is  to  hook  on  one  of  my 

LITTLE  RED  TAGS  and  say  HOLD  SEPARATE 

Bend  me  your  name  and  address  NOW  so 
you  will  l>e  sure  to  get  reliable  information 
when  the  season  opens  and  get  it  often. 

21  E.  16th  Street 
NEW  YORK 


JAS.  P.  ELLIS 


LET  US  TAN 
YOUR  HIDE. 

Cattle  or  Horse  hide,  Calf,  Dog,  Deer, 
or  any  kind  of  skin  witli  hair  or  fur  on. 
We  make  them  soft,  light,  odorless, 
wind,  moth  and  water  proof,  and  make 
them  into  coats  (for  men  or  women), 
robes,  rugs  or  gloves  when  so  ordered. 

Your  fur  goods  will  cost  you  less  than 
to  buy  them,  anil  be  worth  more.  Send 
three  or  more  cow  or  horse  hides  in  one 
shipment  from  anywhere  east  of  Den¬ 
ver  and  wc  pay  the  freight  both  ways. 

Get  our  illustrated  catalog  which 
gives  prices  of  tanning,  taxidermy  and 
head  mounting.  Also  prices  of  fur 
goods,  and  big  mounted  game  heads 
we  sell. 

The  Crosby  Frisian  Fur  Company, 
571  Lyell  Ave.,  Rochester.  N.  Y. 


raouviMMwm 

pi^nn  PER  ACRE  4  UP-EASY  PAYMENTS  - 

pT>  1  ■  V  V  Productive  soil,  mild  climate,  fine  water,  good  roads. 

I  close  markets,  unsurpassed  school  and  social  advantages. 

“  Now,  while  UOU  think  of  it,  write  for  the  latest  issue  of  “  THE 

SOUTHERN  HOMESEEKER,”  other  literature  and  low  excursion  rates. 

Address  V.  11.  LaBACBE,  Agr’l  Agt.,  Norfolk  A  Weatern  By.,  Box  >040  Boanoke,  Va. 

■YEARLY  RAINEALL.45  INCHES 


1911- 


HENS  ON  A  DAIRY  FARM. 

Ours  is  a  rather  large  dairy  farm, 
with  the  usual  chronic  condition  of  too 
much  work  and  too  little  help,  so  my 
hens  have  had  as  little  time  spent  for 
them  as  possible,  not  more  than  an 
average  of  one  hour  per  day,  and  I 
generally  feed  them  and  gather  the  eggs 
myself.  The  men  clean  the  roost  plat¬ 
forms  and  the  floors  every  two  or  three 
months,  and  the  manure  is  certainly 
worth  the  time  they  spend.  I  feed  a 
mixture  of  cracked  corn  and  whole 
wheat  in  the  proportion  of  200  pounds 
of  cracked  corn  to  100  pounds  of  wheat. 
I  believe  200  of  wheat  to  100  of  corn 
is  a  better  ration,  but  have  not  the 
courage  of  my  convictions  with  wheat 
$2  per  100  and  corn  $1.40.  This  mix- 
tme  is  fed  in  a  hopper  similar  to  that 
illustrated  in  The  R.  N.-Y.,  April  30, 
1910.  I  feed,  night  and  morning,  what 
they  will  eat  up  quickly.  I  have  not 
found  it  feasible  to  keep  feed  by  them 
on  account  of  rats  and  English  spar¬ 
rows.  My  fowls  have' free  range,  and 
I  keep  daily  replenished  a  dish  of  meat 
scrap,  for  which  I  pay  $2.70  per  100, 
and  another  of  shells,  at  75  cents  per 
100.  In  Winter,  when  we  often  have 
weeks  of  snow  which  confines  the  hens 
in  their  house,  I  carry  them  a  pail  of 
gravelly  sand  every  two  or  three  days, 
and  also  add  a  handful  of  charcoal  to 
their  dish  of  shells.  I  feed  all  the  cull 
cabbages,  beets  or  apples  I  can  get  hold 
of.  When  there  is  no  outside  green 
feed  I  mean  to  feed  the  equivalent  of 
one  cabbage  to  24  fowls  every  other 
day.  I  have  fed  some  silage  when  out 
of  other  succulent  feed.  I  tried  sprout¬ 
ing  oats,  and  if  one  had  a  flock  of  10 
hens,  or  less,  it  would  be  a  useful  addi¬ 
tion  to  their  Winter  feed,  but  for  any 
larger  flock  would  require  a  greenhouse 
for  light  and  heat.  The  oats  are  beau¬ 
tiful  growmg  in  Winter,  and  the  hens 
eat  them  very  eagerly.  My  hens  also 
receive  one  quart  of  skim-milk  daily 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


(worth,  according  to  Mr.  Ives’  ac¬ 
count  one-fourth  cent  for  pig  feeding), 
and  I  give  them  fresh  water  every 
morning.  I  hey  have  some  waste  scraps 
from  butchering  times,  and  a  few  table 
scraps;  very  few  of  the  latter,  as  we 
keep  a  collie  dog.  In  the  four  years  I 
have  lost  only  12  hens  from  sickness, 
and  six  of  these  died  the  second  Sum¬ 
mer  from  lack  of  ventilation  in  their 
roosting  place,  as  I  lost  no  more  when 
t  lett  their  door  open  at  night.  I  have 
never  had  very  good  hatches  of  chicks, 
and  not  much  success  in  raising  what 
did  hatch,  though  none  has  died  from 
sickness  since  I  learned  to  put  fresh 
gravel  by  the  coops  every  day  while 
they  were  under  two  months  old.  I 
feed  a  ‘  chick  feed”  mixture  to  the  little 
chicks  until  large  enough  to  eat  the 
.  cracked  corn  and  wheat.  Rats,  crows, 
hawks  and  foxes  are  their  chief  foes! 
In  the  following  account  the  cracked 
corn,  wheat,  meat  scrap,  shells  and 
chick  feed  are  what  are  accounted  the 
cost  of  feed,  and  the  eggs,  fowls  and 
broilers  in  what  I  received  from  the 
flock.  What  were  used  by  ourselves 
were  credited  in  the  account  at  the 
same  prices  received  for  those  sold  in 
our  local  market.  All  fowls  and  broil¬ 
ers  were  sold  alive,  as  I  have  no  spare 
time  to  dress  fowls  for  market. 

About  the  middle  of  April,  1907,  I  re¬ 
ceived  a  present  of  two  Barred  Ply¬ 
mouth  Rock  hens  and  a  cock,  and  I 
bought  four  more  hens  (of  the  same 
breed),  as  it  would  be  no  more  work  to 
care  for  seven.  Our  barn  and  adjoin¬ 
ing  sheds  and  henhouse  were  burned 
the  previous  Summer,  so  I  housed  my 
seven  biddies  in  a  shanty  the  size  of  a 
piano  box.  They  were  soon  clucking, 
and  I  let  them  have  eggs  to  sit  on,  all 
they  wanted  to,  until  the  latter  part  of 
July.  At  the  end  of  the  year  (April, 
1908,)  I  had  four  old  hens,  20  yearling 
hens,  of  my  own  raising,  also  two 
cocks,  and  had  received  from  the  flock, 
in  eggs,  etc.,  $5  more  than  the  cost  of 
feed.  In  the  Fall  of  1907  the  increased 
flock  needed  a  larger  roosting  place, 
and  I  had  a  slab  and  felt  paper  shanty 
built,  at  a  cost  of  $10  for  labor  and  ma¬ 
terial.  As  an  item  of  that  year  I  set  11 
dozen  of  eggs,  hatched  65;  and  of  these 
raised  20  pullets,  the  cockerels  being 
sold  when  they  weighed  2y>  pounds 
alive.  .  . 

From  April  1,  1908,  to  April  1,  1909, 


feed  cost  $38.92 ;  received  for  eggs, 
fowls  and  broilers  $79.03,  and  had  a 
flock  of  30  hens  and  two  cocks  at  the 
end  of  the  year.  From  April  1,  1909,  to 
April  1,  1910,  feed  cost  $60.82,  and  re¬ 
ceived  from  flock  $160.75.  That  year  I 
set  12  dozen  eggs  and  hatched  80,  but 
had  so  poor  luck  with  my  chicks  (the 
rats  got  most  of  them)  that  I  bought 
30  partly  grown  ones,  for  which  I  paid 
$11.40.  That  year  they  built  me  a  nice 
henhouse,  with  a  cement  floor  to  keep 
out  rats.  This  building  is  30  feet  long, 
12  feet  wide,  ly2  feet  high  in  front,  4 y2 
feet  in  rear,  and  nine  feet  at  ridge,  with 
a  passage  4J4  .feet  wide  across  the  cen¬ 
ter,  making  two  pens  capable  of  com¬ 
fortably  housing  30  fowls  in  each.  Each 
pen  has  two  single  sash  windows,  two 
feet  from  the  floor,  and  the  house 
fronts  the  south,  an  important  item  in 
this,  latitude.  A  double  compartment 
grain  bin,  with  lid,  is  at  rear  of  center 
passage.  Besides  the  windows,  which 
are  kept  open  in  Summer,  each  pen  has 
three  muslin  covered  openings  the  size 
of  ordinary  windo  /  sash.  The  roosts 
have  droppings  boards  beneath.  The 
nests  are  in  a  line,  and  open  into  pass¬ 
age  with  a  hinged  lid.  The  partition 
above  nests  is  of  wire.  The  nests  have 
a  groove  on  each  side  so  that  the  rear 
board  can  be  slid  in  front  of  nest  and 
leave  a  sitting  hen  with  exit  on  pass¬ 
ageway.  The  nests  measure  inside  lOx 
10x12  inches,  and  are  too  small  for  so 
large  hens ;  also  they  are  only  eight 
inches  from  floor,  which  height  rather 
encourages  egg  eating,  so  are  not  satis¬ 
factory,  and  I  shall  have  them  re¬ 
modeled  a  little  larger  and  at  least  18 
inches  from  floor.  I  cannot  give  the 
cost  of  this  building,  as  it  was  all  Sum¬ 
mer  getting  built  (whenever  anyone  had 
time  to  work  on  it),  and  of  odds  and 
elds  of  material,  but  it  is  covered  with 
matched  stuff,  is  painted,  and  looks 
pretty  slick.  But  those  rats  gnawed  in 
under  the  nests,  and  eight  of  them  took 
up  their  abode  there.  Since  we  “outed 
them  out  it  has  taken  one  qua  r  day 
less  grain  to  feed  the  flock  c:  ...  hens 
all  they  will  eat,  which  makes  anyone 
take  notice  how  much  it  costs  to  feed 
rats.  We  use  traps  and  poison  freely, 
but  do  not  get  rid  of  them.  Once  the 
hens  and  building  became  badly  in¬ 
fested  with  red  mites  (the  first  I  had 
ever  seen),  but  two  thorough  cleanings 
(with  a  two  weeks’  interval),  after  each 
of  which  the  roosts,  nests  and  entire  in¬ 
side  of  building  were  very  thoroughly 
sprinkled  with  kerosene,  served  to  free 
them  of  that  pest. 

April  1,  1910,  found  the  flock  num¬ 
bering  19  two-year-old  and  26  yearling 
Barred  Plymouth  Rock  hens  and  one 
cock,  and  13  yearling  Rhode  Island  Red 
hens  and  one  cock,  in  all  60  fowls. 
From  that  date  until  April  1,  1911,  the 
feed  cost  $73.89,  and  received  from 
flock  $239.78,  of  which  $205.06  was  for 
eggs,  and  $34.72  for  fowls  and  broil¬ 
ers.  April  1,  1911,  the  flock  numbers  50 
fowls,  viz.,  19  yearling  hens,  two  year¬ 
ling  cocks,  and  29  hens  two  years  old. 
As  I  said  in  beginning,  this  isn’t  a  big 
story,  its  only  merit  being  that  it  is 
true,  and  shows  that  poultry  keeping  in 
a  small  way  is  a  fairly  satisfactory  side 
issue,  without  any  very  heavy  labor 
about  it. 

As  to  breeds,  the  Barred  Plymouth 
Rock  is  certainly  my  favorite.  This  last 
year  I  raised  a  few  Buff  Orpingtons, 
but  do  not  like  their  small  white  eggs, 
and  they  lay  no  better  than  Rocks.  In 
1910  I  bought  two  sittings  of  Rhode  Is¬ 
land  Red  eggs  from  a  friend  whose 
R.  I.  Reds  laid  twice  as  well  as  her 
Barred  Plymouth  Rocks,  and  I  raised 
13  pullets.  They  were  big,  handsome 
fowls,  and  T  put  them  in  one  side  of  my 
new  henhouse,  and  26  Barred  Ply¬ 
mouth  Rock  pullets  in  the  other  side. 

Of  course  they  were  cared  for  alike. 
The  Reds  were  one  month  older  than 
the  Rocks,  but  the  Rocks  beean  to  lay 
two  weeks  before  the  Reds  did.  In  the 
year  the  Rocks  laid  3739  eggs,  an  aver¬ 
age  of  143  eggs  per  hen,  while  the  Reds 
laid  1679,  an  average  of  129  eggs  per 
hen.  Moreover,  'the  Rocks  laid  much 
better  than  the  Reds  in  November  and 
December,  when  eggs  sold  readily  for 
40  to  45  cents  per  dozen,  while  the  Reds 
laid  best  from  March  to  July  when  eggs 
were  25  to  35  cents  per  dozen.  So  that 
the  eggs  from  the  Plymouth  Rock  hens 
brought  $106.69,  an  average  of  $4.10 
per  hen,  while  those  from  the  Rhode 
Island.  Reds  brought  $47.90,  an  aver¬ 
age  of  $3.53  per  hen.  Furthermore,  un¬ 
der  my  management  hens  over  one  year 
old  do  not  lay  eggs  enough  to  pay  for 
their  feed,  and  I  shall  keep  no  more 
through  their  second  Winter,  except  a 
selected  few  to  lay  eggs  for  the  Spring 
settings.  .  mrs,  f.  l.  ives. 

Connecticut. 


Tttarlin 


New 
Model 
27 

REPEATING  RIFLE 

The  only  gun  that  fills  the 
demand  for  a  trom 
bone  (“pump”)  ac¬ 
tion  repeater  in 
.25-20  and 
.32-20 

calibres. 


1073 

Shoot* 
high  ve¬ 
locity  smoke¬ 
less  cartridges, 
also  black  and  low 
pressure  smokeless. 
Powerful  enough  for  deer, 
safe  to  use  in  settled  districts,  ex¬ 
cellent  for  target  work,  for  foxes, 
geese,  woodchucks,  etc. 

I*  exclusive  features:  the  quick,  smooth  working  “pump”  action  ; 
the  wear-resisting  Special  Smokeless  Steel  barrel;  the  modern  tolia- 
top  and  side  ejector  for  rapid,  accurate  firing,  increased  safety  and 
convenience.  It  has  take-down  construction  and  Ivoi „  Bead  front 
sight;  these  cost  extra  on  other  rifles  of  these  calibres. 

Our  136  page  catalog  describes  the  full  772&r/iiM 
line.  Sent  for  three  stamps  postage.  Write  for  it. 

7%&7/lar/isi/£rearjns  Co. 


| RHODES  DOUBLE  CUT 


"THE  only 

“  nnin.r 


pruner 

made  that  cuts 
from  both  sides  of 
the  limb  and  does  not 
bruise  the  bark.  Made  in 
all  styles  and  sizes.  We 
pay  Express  charges 
on  all  orders. 

Write  for 
circular  and 
prices. 


Elite  Burning'  Oil 

In  Wood  and  Iron  Barrels 

A  perfect  burning  oil  made  from 
Pure  Pennsylvania  Crude.  :  : 

25  Years  on  the  Market 
Write  for  Particulars  and  Prices 

DERRICK  OIL  CO.,  -  Titusville,  Penn. 


In  the  Bell  Democracy 


Membership  in  the  tele 
phone  democracy  of  the 
Bell  System  means  equal 
opportunity  for  every  man, 
no  matter  who  he  is  or 
where  he  is. 

Each  member  of  this  Bell 
democracy  has  the  same 
chance  of  communication, 
limited  only  by  the  distance 
the  voice  can  be  carried. 

However  remote,  whether 
in  the  adobe  house  on  the 
Rio  Grande,  on  the  Montana 
sheep  ranch  or  in  the  iso¬ 
lated  New  England  farm 
house,  the  Bell  telephone 
is  an  open  doorway  to  the 
Universal  Bell  System. 


From  each  Bell  outpost 
run  lines  that  connect  it 
with  the  central  office— that 
nerve  center  of  the  local 
system. 

Long  distance  and  toll 
lines  connect  these  nerve 
centers  and  furnish  clear 
tracks  for  telephone  talk 
throughout  the  land. 

12,000,000  miles  of  wire 
are  the  highways  over 
which  20,000,000  telephone 
talks  are  carried  daily. 

The  Bell  System  binds 
together  the  social  and  busi¬ 
ness  activities  of  a  people 
in  a  shoulder-to-shoulder 
march  of  progress. 


American  Telephone  and  Telegraph  Company 

And  Associated  Companies 
One  Policy  One  System  Universal  Service 


1074 


THR  RURAL  NR  W- YORKER 


November  4, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 

The  Flood. — Of  course  you  know 
what  a  rainy  night  in  late  Fall  means. 
We  ought  to  know,  for  we  have  now 
had  a  long  succession  of  such  nights. 
Just  when  we  thought  everyone  should 
be  satisfied  with  moisture  the  rain 
began — and  kept  up.  It  is  hard  to  tell 
bow  seriously  this  has  interfered  with 
our  Fall  work.  I  shall  not  try  to  tell, 
for  this  is  the  time  to  get  rid  of 
trouble.  I  am  on  the  safe  side  of  a 
window — warm  and  light.  The  rain 
oounds  away  on  the  glass  and  runs 
down  in  little  streams,  but  it  cannot 
touch  us.  Every  living  thing  on  the 
farm  is  safe  and  dry  under  cover. 
Across  the  fields  I  can  see  the  light  in 
my  neighbor’s  house.  Best  of  all,  there 
is  a  big  panful  of  baked  apples  ready 
at  hand.  If  you  were  here  I  should 
stop  and  say:  “Let’s  have  something— 
an  apple!”  As  you  are  not  here,  I  will 
have  one  anyway. 

I  do  not  know  how  far  back  from  the 
coast  this  rain  has  extended.  Here  it 
1  as  soaked  us  to  the  limit,  and  prevented 
outdoor  work.  There  are  some  100  bar¬ 
rels  of  apples  yet  to  pick,  the  buck¬ 
wheat  is  still  out,  the  onions  have  not 
been  harvested,  and  the  last  of  the 
sweet  corn  had  not  been  cut  by  October 
23.  On  the  other  hand  this  soaking 
brings  up  the  rye  and  clover,  puts  the 
trees  in  great  shape  for  Winter,  and 
fills  out  the  Brussels  sprouts.  As  we 
cannot  stop  the  rain  we  will  take  an¬ 
other  baked  apple  and  forget  it. 

What  shall  a  farm  family  do  to  keep 
good-natured  through  these  dismal 
days?  It  is  sometimes  a  hard  problem. 
The  rain  let  up  one  night,  and  Mother 
and  the  older  children  went  off  to  a 
lecture.  It  was  darker  than  pitch,  but 
old  Madge  carried  them  safely  through 
it.  I  stayed  here  as  home  guard.  This 
lecture  was  by  Dr.  Hillis  of  Brooklyn 
on  “The  Romance  and  Heroism  of  the 
Self-Made  Man.”  If  the  Hope  Farm 
man  could  take  rank  as  such  a  char¬ 
acter,  I  might  say  that  his  romance 
went  to  the  lecture  with  his  wife,  while 
he  displayed  his  heroism  by  staying  at 
home.  It  certainly  would  not  do  to  get 
those  definitions  reversed.  Our  folks 
got  things  out  of  that  lecture  that  will 
help  them  all  Winter.  I  imagine  the 
coming  five  months  will  be  hard  for 
many  of  our  people — shut  in  by  weather, 
bad  roads  and  poor  health.  Physical 
troubles  and  mental  ills  will  do  their 
best  to  make  us  discontented.  We  can 
only  get  above  them  through  the  mind 
and  spirit  by  having  the  best  things  to 
think  about.  Make  the  house  as  warm 
and  bright  and  cheerful  as  you  can. 
Make  much  of  mealtimes.  No  matter 
how  plain  the  food  may  be,  let  there  be 
pleasant  talk  and  fun  with  it.  Melan¬ 
choly  and  despair  may  easily  become  a 
real,  personal  devil  to  haunt  you 
through  the  Winter  unless  you  can 
shake  him  off  with  cheerful  thoughts. 
All  people  of  middle  age  have  their 
times  of  depression.  As  this  is  a  mental 
trouble  the  thing  to  do  is  to  forget  it 
by  filling  the  mind  with  the  best  of  the 
world’s  thoughts,  or  in  service  for 
ethers.  All  these  things  come  to  me 
tonight  while  the  dismal  rain  pours 
down.  Our  folks  are  widely  scattered — 
some  in  lonely  homes,  some  where  heavy 
troubles  gather.  I  wish  I  could  make 
them  all  realize  how  spiritual  power  arH 
kindly  service  will  carry  them  gently 
through  this  coming  Winter.  And 
let  us  not  forget  the  material  good 
things  of  the  farm — pass  back  your 
plate  for  another  baked  apple.  There  is 
another  thing  abou'.  +b;~  struggle  to 
rise  above  melancholy  that  ^.ught  to  be 
understood.  Physicians  now  understand 
that  many  cases  of  indigestion  and  lack 
of  nutrition  arise  from  mind  worry. 
They  call  it  such  names  as  “psychic  in¬ 
digestion”  or  “nutritional  neurasthenia.” 
The  average  man  might  feel  proud  of 
his  mind  when  it  can  produce  stomach 
troubles  worthy  of  such  names,  but  the 
fact  is  that  in  middle  life  the  mind  and 
will  have  great  influence  upon  digestion. 
Sudden  anger,  long  brooding  or  worry, 
mind  exhaustion,  all  tend  to  upset  the 
stomach  and  derange  digestion.  This  is 
not  much  noticed  in  the  young  or  the 
very  old,  but  nearly  every  person  of 
middle  age  will  upon  reflection  see  that 
this  theory  is  right.  Dr.  Niles,  in  writ¬ 
ing  on  this  subject,  says  that  Job  was 
really  suffering  from  “cell  exhaustion 
from  mental  strain,  autoin  lection  and 
consequent  malassimilation  !”  Who  will 
now  deny  it?  As  I  have  met  people 
about  as  cheerful  as  Job  I  am  glad  to 
know  what  ails  them.  The  thing  to  do 
seems  to  be — keep  cheerful  if  you  have 
to  kick  yourself  in  order  to  do  it!  As 
an  aid  to  cheerfulness,  how  about  an¬ 


other  of  those  baked  Greenings?  Apples 
are  “healthy”  and  we  may  help  the 
market  by  increasing  demand. 

Florida  Homes.  —  As  the  weather 
grows  colder,  Northern  people  begin  to 
talk  of  going  South.  The  following 
letter  from  Ohio  is  like  dozens  of 
others : 

I  understand  your  people  spent  last  Win¬ 
ter  in  Putnam  Co.,  Florida.  I  have  a 
business  which  is  not  very  lively  in  Winter. 
Could  I  buy  land  in  Putnam  County  and  go 
there  during  Winter  and  raise  a  profitable 
crop  of  vegetables — coming  back  to  Ohio  in 
late  Spring  ? 

You  can  buy  thousands  of  acres  in 
Putnam  County,  and  much  of  it  mighty 
cheap.  As  a  Winter  home  it  is  a  de¬ 
lightful  place.  Many  of  the  permanent 
residents  there  are  well  satisfied  to  re¬ 
main.  .As  for  going  there  for  a  few 
Winter  months  to  grow  a  profitable 
crop,  my  advice  is  do  not  attempt  it. 
Go  there  first  with  the  full  price  and 
spend  a  Winter.  Look  around,  examine 
soils,  watch  the  growth  of  crops,  and 
do  your  own  figuring  before  you  invest. 
We  have  tried  Winter  cropping  and 
have  been  beaten  by  frost,  drought,  flood 
and  disease.  The  last  few  seasons  have 
been  so  dry  in  Florida  that  unless  one 
had  an  irrigating  plant  there  was  little 
show  for  a  crop  except  on  the  low 
lands.  Northern  people  somehow  will 
not  understand  that  farm  conditions  in 
Florida  are  entirely  different  from  those 
at  the  North.  The  theory  of  “farming 
both  ends  of  the  country”  by  having  a 
hay  farm  or  orchard  in  the  North  and 
a  truck  farm  in  Florida  is  very  pretty, 
but  will  not  work  well  unless  you  have 
two  families,  one  on  the  job  at  each 
end.  Let  this  man  spend  a  Winter  in 
the  South  observing  and  figuring,  and  it 
is  10  to  one  he  will  not  buy  land  ex¬ 
pecting  to  work  it  in  Winter  and  aban¬ 
don  it  in  Summer. 

Anti-fat. — Not  long  since  we  had  a 
little  discussion  of  obesity  and  cures  for 
fatness.  As  usual  in  such  cases,  people 
come  forward  to  defend  certain  “anti¬ 
fat”  cures,  which  they  say  have  helped 
them.  I  judge  that  this  plan  of  drug¬ 
ging  to  get  rid  of  flesh  is  quite  common. 
The  Journal  of  the  American  Medical 
Association  recently  printed  the  follow¬ 
ing: 

Every  now  and  then  it  is  reported  that  a 
Washington,  New  York  or  Philadelphia  or 
Boston  or  western  woman,  who  has  been  a 
shining  light  in  society  here,  is  in  bad 
health,  and  it  is  the  proper  thing  to  say  she 
has  broken  down  under  the  strain  of  her 
social  duties.  But  it  became  known  to-day 
that  the  poor  health  of  some  women  who 
have  broken  down  here  has  been  caused  by 
the  use  of  a  dangerous  anti-fat  drug,  with 
which  fashionable  women  in  Europe  first 
experimented.  Women  in  Newport  have 
been  using  this  drug  ever  since  fashion  de¬ 
creed  that  a  truly  fair  one  must  be  slender. 

It  is  said  that  the  drug  commonly 
used  by  mail  order  quacks  is  thyroid. 
This  drug  is  very  dangerous  in  many 
cases,  and  should  never  be  given  except 
by  a  reputable  doctor.  The  fat  which 
it  might  perhaps  lcmove  will  promptly 
return  unless  diet  and  exercise  are  both 
regulated.  Over-eating  and  laziness  are 
responsible  for  the  obesity  of  these  so¬ 
ciety  women.  I  would  like  to  give  them 
the  housework  treatment.  They  would 
pump  water  from  a  well  and  heat  it  over 
a  stove  and  then  do  the  washing  for  a 
large  family.  The  exercise  over  the 
washboard  would  remove  fat  and  the 
steam  from  the  water  would  act  as  a 
“beauty  treatment.”  1  would  have  these 
women  bake  bread,  scrub  floors  and 
ceilings,  sweep  and  take  an  occasional 
round  in  the  garden  with  hoe  or  wheel 
cultivator.  They  would  also  care  for 
three  o.  four  children  and  do  it  right. 
They  wTould  not  eat  candy  as  they  do 
now,  but  live  mostly  on  cereals  and 
apples.  If  you  could  have  such  women 
off  on  a  desert  island  where  there  is  no 
“society,”  where  wealth  has  no  power, 
where  it  is  a  case  of  work  or  die,  they 
would  soon  drop  their  extra  fat  and 
come  back  to  civilization  models  for  the 
sculptor.  I  think  the  desert  island  will 
prove  a  necessary  part  of  the  treatment. 
The  best  part  of  it  is  the  apple  eating. 
You  and  I  may  be  in  danger — let  us 
have  that  pan  of  baked  apples  once 
more. 

Acid  Soil  and  Strawberries. — I  am 
glad  to  have  the  following  question 
brought  up: 

I  should  like  your  opinion  as  a  practical 
grower  as  to  whether  strawberries  do  bet¬ 
ter  on  acid  than  on  neutral  or  alkaline  soils. 
In  other  words,  is  the  addition  of  lime  det¬ 
rimental  or  beneficial?  Do  you  consider 
that  there  is  sufficient  ground  for  experi¬ 
mental  work  along  this  line?  w.  J.  w. 

Pennsylvania. 

I  should  say  that  the  strawberry  does 
best  on  a  soil  that  is  slightly  acid.  It 
does  not  require  a  Soil  as  sour  as  one 
suited  to  cranberries,  but  does  not  do 
well  with  us  on  a  neutral  or  alkaline 
soil.  I  think  varieties  vary  somewhat 
in  this  respect,  and  I  feel  sure  some 
wild  plants  can  stand  more  acid  than 
others.  The  use  of  lime  or  wood  ashes 
does  not  suit  the  berries  as  we  grow 


them,  and  I  would  not  advise  their  use. 
Still,  we  have  had  a  few  reports,  from 
people  who  claimed  good  results  from 
the  use  of  ashes.  I  always  want  to 
know  the  variety  of  strawberry  and  the 
character  of  the  soil.  As  a  rule  such 
reports  come  from  a  muck  or  very  acid 
soil,  or  from  one  derived  from  rocks 
that  are  naturally  lacking  in  lime.  This 
subject  might  well  be  taken  up  by  the 
experimenters.  Let  them  find  out  just 
what  effect  lime  has  on  the  strawberry 
crop.  I  would  like  to  hear  from  our 
readers  also.  H.  w.  c. 


KODAK 


means 
photography 
with  the 
bother 
left  out. 


No  dark-room  for  any  part  of  the  work ; 
loading,  unloading,  developing,  printing,  all 
by  daylight.  YOU  can  readily  make  good 
pictures  by  the  Kodak  system.  It’s  inexpen¬ 
sive  too. 

Illustrated  catalogue  of  Kodaks  and 
Brownies  (they  work  like  Kodaks)  free  at 
dealers  or  by  mail. 


EASTMAN  KODAK  CO., 

387  State  Street,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


J 


SCIENTIFIC  SWEEP  MILL 

Double  Action.  Triple  Geared 

This  No.  5  is  one  of  our 
leading  Feed  Mills.  Particu¬ 
larly  adapted  for  grinding 
ear  corn  and  small  grain  for  stock 
feed.  A  medium  priced  mill 


Gives  Satisfaction 

Strong,  durable  and 
easy  running.  Mounted 
on  a  heavy  hard-wood 
box.  Fully  guaranteed. 

Write  for  free  catalog. 

Over20  styles  and  sizes. 

TW?  HAUER  BROS.  CO.,  Boi  415  Springfield,  Ohio 

HiTSELMAM  FENCE 

Sold  direct  to  you  at  factory 
prices  on  30  days  trial.  Save 
the  dealers  profit.  Farm,  Uog 
and  Poultry  Fence  at  from 

1  1)4  CENTS  A  ROD  UP. 

All  wires  are  heavily  galvanized 
80  rod  spool  of  Ideal  galvanized 
Barbed  Wire  $1.40.  Write 
to-day  for  large  free  Catalog  showing 
100  different  styles  and  heights  of  fencing 

Box  230  KITSELMAN  BROS.  MUNCIE,  IND. 


Qufanm- 


This  is  a  snap 
-just  the  thing 
you’ve  been 
looking  for— 
a  corn  sheller 
thatwill  shell 
r  from  120  to 
150  bushels  an 
hour  and  only 
costs  $25  at  the 

_ _  factory  (with  a 

little  added  for  freightto yourstation.) 

3  H.  P.  operates  sheller  to  full  capacity. 

The  Watts  Sheller  costs  less-than-half 
any  other  and  has  a  feed  grinder  attach¬ 
ment  that  gives  you  two  machines  for  about  $36. 
Nothing  like  it  anywhere.  Own  one  and  bo 
independent.  Shell  your  corn  when  you  want 
to— shell  at  the  right  time.  Write  for  booklet. 

S eager  Engine  Works 
1028  Hazel  Street  Lansing,  Mich. 


^•Save  Money* 
on  Feed 

Grind  the  corn  and  cob  and  your  stock  will 
surely  produce  more  meat  and  milk.  Nutri¬ 
tion  alone  is  not  enough,  you  must  leed 
bulk  also.  Put  your  grain  through  a 

iRew  Holland 

Feed  Mill 

I  your  stock  will  obtain  25  <f,  extra  feed  value— 
fattens  hogs  and  steers  quickly  and  ensures 
more  milk  in  the  pall.  New 
Holland  Feed  Mill  can  be 
adjusted  to  grind 
coarse  or  fine.  It 
is  easy  to  oper- 
,  ate  —  prices  are 
,  extra  low  this 
year  to  induce 
big  sales.  “The 
Right  Way  To  Feed 
Grain”  is  a  booklet 
every  farmer  needs 
— it's  free.  These 
are  the  best  and  lowest 
priced  feed  mills  on  the 
market;  so  write  today. 

New  Holland  Machine  Co., 

BOX  41, NEW  HOLLAND,  PA. 


“I  Shall  Never  Paint  Those  Rools! 

“I  shall  simply  leave  them  alone. 

It  will  not  be  necessary  to  spend  a  cent 
on  them.”  They  are  covered  with 


ROOFING 


A 


MATITE  has  a  real  mineral 
surface  and  therefore  needs 
no  painting. 

There  have  been  other  ready 
roofings  in  the  past  which  had  a 
mineral  surf  ace,  out  they  were  not 
practical. 

Amatite,  however,  is  successful 
because  the  mineral 
matter  is  embed¬ 
ded  in  pitch. 
Pitch  is  very 
tough  and  has 
great  adhesive 
power.  Year 
after  year 
those  roofs 

_ _ _  will  give 

faultless 
service 
without 
anybody 
giving  a 
thought 


ROOFING 


gjsjKV 

MERAlSWKf, 
"EDS  NO  PAM? 

v  if 


to  them.  This  is  the  kind  of  roof¬ 
ing  to  have!  The  day  of  these 
smooth  coated  roofings  that  re¬ 
quire  a  heavy  coat  of  paint  every 
year  or  two  is  past.  They  cost 
too  much  to  maintain.  You  can 
spend  more  money  on  the  paint 
alone  during  the  ten  years  than  a 
new  Amatite  roof  would  cost. 

A  free  sample  of  Amatite  Roof¬ 
ing  and  a  booklet  can  be  obtained 
on  request  by  addressing  the  near¬ 
est  office. 

Ever  jet  Elastic  Paint 

A  very  low-priced  black  paint— very 
tough  and  durable.  Stands  heat  so  well 
that  it  can  be  used  on  boilers.  For  wood 
or  metal,  ready  roofings,  fences,  ironwork, 
farm  implements,  tanks,  etc. 

BARRETT  MANUFACTURING  CO. 
New  York  New  Orleans  Minneapolis 

Boston  Chicago  Seattle 

Pittsburgh  St.  Louis  Philadelphia 

Kansas  City  Cincinnati  Cleveland 

Canadian  Offices:  —  Montreal, 

Toronto,  Winnipeg,  Vancouver, 

St.  John.  N.  B.,  Halifax,  N.  S. 


—SB 


fj 


hi? 


Kv 


V 


1911. 


Ruralisms 

Everbearing  Strawberries. 

The  everbearing  strawberry  is  no 
longer  new,  but  we  are  still  hearing 
much  about  it.  A  number  of  men  are 
enthusiastically  engaged  in  testing  seed¬ 
lings  from  the  original  stock,  and  are 
finding  a  number  that  possess  in  a  more 
or  less  degree  the  qualities  sought  for. 
The  mother  of  all  the  everbearing 
strain  was  the  Pan-American,  found  by 
Samuel  Cooper,  of  New  York,  and  ap¬ 
parently  one  of  those  queer  bud  varia¬ 
tions  that  nature  occasionally  gives 
birth  to.  Concurring  testimony  agrees 
.  that  this  was  the  first  genuine  ever- 
bearer  that  possessed  any  practical  value 
and  was  prepotent  to  transmit  its  fruit¬ 
fulness  to  its  seedlings. 

Great  hopes  were  at  first  raised  by 
the  introduction  of  the  Pan-American, 
but  expectations  seems  to  have  been 
generally  disappointed.  During  1910, 
however,  several  seedlings  were  sent 
out  for  trial  that  seemed  to  have  none 
of  the  deficiencies  of  the  Pan-American, 
such  as  shyness  in  making  runners. 
Claims  are  now  being  made  for  these 
•  that  seem  to  me  to  be  clearly  extra¬ 
vagant  and  calculated  to  mislead  and 
disappoint.  For  example  a  well-known 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


siderably  short  of  Spring  crops.  It  will 
make  runners  quite  liberally  if  well  fer¬ 
tilized.  A  characteristic  of  it  and  its 
class  is  the  precocity  of  the  runners 
which  frequently  blossom  and  bear  fruit 
while  still  dependent  on  the  mother 
plant.  Such  a  phenomenon  I  never 
witnessed  among  Spring  sorts. 

I  am  not  satisfied  how  well  worth 
while  it  is  to  allow  no  blossoms  nor 
fruit  before  September.  So  far  I  have 
seen  no  great  difference.  It  is  a  task 
comparable  to  cutting  off  runners  to 
pick  off  all  buds,  for  they  constantly 
keep  forming.  In  a  comparison  of 
berries  I  have  not  found  the  Fall  pro¬ 
duct  to  be  as  large  and  as  juicy  as 
that  of  Spring,  nor  in  the  same  abund¬ 
ance,  but  it  is  perhaps  sweeter  because 
drier.  The  great  obstacle  in  the  way 
of  making  the  Fall  bearers  profitable  in 
this  country  is  the  heat  and  drought, 
which  are  quite  regular  visitors  in 
August  and  September,  and  occasionally 
a  drought  will  continue  till  November. 
It  is  plainly  impossible  to  produce  good 
berries  during  the  fierce  heat  of  the 
dog  days,  and  when  heat  and  drought 
extend  on  to  October,  it  is  obvious  that 
there  is  a  very  brief  season  left  for 
fruitage,  for  killing  frost  usually  arrived 
by  the  end  of  that  month. 

Irrigation  strikes  one  as  a  prime  re¬ 
quisite  for  success  with  the  Fall  bear¬ 
ers,  and  where  it  could  be  installed  at 
not  too  great  an  expense  it  might  prove 
profitable.  Some  cheap  system  of  shad¬ 
ing  would  greatly  supplement  and  con¬ 
tribute  to  success,  but  here  we  are  ap¬ 
proaching  greenhouse  conditions. 

To  sum  up,  I  should  say  that  the 
everbearers  were  a  promising  field  for 
the  specialist  but  not  for  the  ordinary 
growers.  The  Autumn,  the  first  pro¬ 
duct  .  of  the  Pan-American,  possesses 
peculiar  traits.  It  is  disposed  to  grow 
in  hill  form  and  produces  an  immense 
stool  of  roots  and  foliage.  In  the  Spring 
a  large  plant  will  send  out  as  many  as 
20  to  30  fruit  stalks  and  pile  a  ring  of 
berries  around  it  and  berries,  too,  of 
the  finest  flavor,  color  and  shape.  It 
was  not  the  product  of  any  cross  but 
simply  a  variation  from  uncrossed  seed 
of  its  parent.  The  seedlings  that  are 
now  being  put  on  the  market  produce 
runners  in  abundance  and  are  thus  an 
improvement  on  the  Pan-American.  It 
seems  obvious  that  the  hill  system  will 
always  prove  the  best  for  the  Fall 
bearer.  The  Pan-American  is  shown 
on  page  1067,  Fig.  430,  while  Fig.  431 
shows  a  runner  of  this  variety. 

L.  R.  JOHNSON. 

Cape  Girardeau  Co.,  Mo. 


ioyq 


Direct  from  the  German  Mines 

But  it  takes  time  to  get  it 


See  your  dealer  now,  before  he 
contracts  for  his  goods,  and  urge 
him  to  get  good  up-to-date  brands, 
containing  6  to  10  per  cent  potash, 
and  to  carry  POTASH  SALTS 
in  stock. 

There  is  profit  in  such  goods 
both  for  you  and  your  dealer. 

You  get  more  plant  food  for 
your  money,  your  fertilizer  is 


better  balanced,  your  soil  fertility 
is  conserved,  and  your  crops  are 
larger  and  of  better  quality. 
Potash  Pays. 

We  will  sell  you  or  your  dealer  . 
Potash  in  any  amount  from  200  lbs. 
up.  Write  now  for  prices  and  for 
free  pamphlets  giving  just  the  facts 
you  are  looking  for  about  improving 
crops  and  soils. 


GERMAN  KALI  WORKS,  Inc. 

Continental  Brrildint* *,  Baltimore  Monadnock  Block.  Chicago 

Whitney  Central  Rank  Building,  New  Orleans  B 


You  get  all  the  high-efficiency  of  the 
biggest  'and  most  powerful  spray¬ 
ing  outfits  in  the  medium -priced 


POWER  SPRAYER 

High-Pressure,  Large  Capacity,  Light  Weight,  Low  Center  of  Gravity 

Fully  equal  to  our  famous  "Giant”  in  all  mechanical  advantages,  only  of  slightly 
less  capacity.  Same  make  of  engine,  pump,  tank,  etc. ;  new  1912  Bean  Pressure 
Regulator,  etc. 

This  is  the  best  value  proposition  we  have  ever  been  able  to  make  and  meets  the 
requirements  of  75%  of  all  growers. 

WRITE  TODAY  FOR  FULL  PARTICULARS 

THE  BEAN  SPRAY  PUMP  CO.  109  Front  St.,  BEREA,  OHIO 


RUNNER  OF  PAN-AMERICAN  STRAW 
BERRY.  Fig.  431. 

Western  correspondent  publishes  the 
statement  that  “this  new  class  begins  to 
bear  early  in  May  and  its  fruiting  sea¬ 
son  is  from  that  time  till  December. 
Now  this  does  not  mean  just  an  oc¬ 
casional  berry,  but  a  heavy  crop  right 
straight  through.  It  has  put  such  a 
thing  as  a  fruit  failure  in  the  future 
out  of  the  question.  The  time  is  near 
at  hand  when  they  will  entirely  dis¬ 
place  the  ordinary  varieties.”  A  prom¬ 
inent  Eastern  grower  holds  up  $1,000 
as  the  income  from  one  acre  during  the 
Fall  months,  and  guarantees  the  new 
kinds  to  produce  more  in  the  Fall  than 
any  Spring-bearing  variety  will  in  June. 
My  opinion  is  that  such  results  are 
just  as  visionary  for  the  ordinary 
grower  as  a  crop  of  50,000  quarts  per 
acre  in  the  Spring,  which  has,  it  ap¬ 
pears,  been  approximated  by  the  last 
quoted  authority.  My  experience  with 
the  everbearers  here  in  Missouri  and 
under  the  same  conditions  that  Spring 
bearers  are  subject  to,  is  that  they  are 
erratic  in  bearing,  and  even  at  their 
best  entirely  dependent  on  favorable 
weather,  which  means  an  absence  of 
excessive  heat  and  plenty  of  moisture. 
In  short,  they  demand  Spring  condi¬ 
tions  of  temperature  and  moisture  just 
as  do  common  kinds.  One  thing  can 
be  said  with  emphasis,  and  that  is  that 
the  everbearers  are  wonderfully  prolific 
as  Spring  bearers  and  in  that  respect 
are  equalled  by  very  few  if  indeed  any 
of  the  old  sorts.  I  see  no  reason  why 
they  should  not  become  popular  as 
profitable  market  varieties  for  Spring 
in  the  case  of  the  later  seedlings,  which 
make  the  usual  number  of  runners. 
Then,  too,  the  quality  of  some  is  first- 
class,  as  for  example  the  Autumn.  I 
hope  some  enthusiast  will  try  to  en¬ 
graft  the  prolificacy  of  the  new  class 
upon  some  of  the  standard  kinds,  such 
as  the  Gandy.  There  have  been  times 
when  the  Pan-American  did  fairly  well 
as  a  Fall  bearer,  hut  at  that  it  fell  con¬ 


hex  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

THE  TEA  PENALTY 
The  Strong  Man’s  Experience. 

Y\  riting  from  a  busy  railroad  town 
the  wife  of  an  employee  of  one  of  the 
great  roads  says : 

*  My  husband  is  a  railroad  man  who 
has  been  so  much  benefited  by  the  use 
of  Postum  that  he  wishes  me  to  express 
his  thanks  to  you  for  the  good  it  has 
done  him.  _  His  waking  hours  are  taken 
up  with  his  work,  and  he  has  no  time 
to  write  himself. 

"He  has  been  a  great  tea  drinker  all 
his  life  and  has  always  liked  it  strong. 

"Tea  has,  of  late  years,  acted  on  him 
like  morphine  does  upon  most  people. 
At  first  it  soothed  him,  but  only  for  an 
hour  or  so,  then  it  began  to  affect  his 
nerves  to  such  an  extent  that  lie  could 
not  sleep  at  night,  and  he  would  go  to 
his  work  in  the  morning  wretched  and 
miserable  from  the  loss  of  rest.  This 
condition  grew  constantly  worse,  until 
his  friends  persuaded  him,  some  four 
months  ago,  to  quit  tea  and  use  Postum. 

"At  first  lie  used  Postum  only  for 
breakfast,  but  as  he  liked  the  taste  of 
it,  and  it  somehow  seemed  to  do  him 
good,  be  added  it  to  his  evening  meal. 
Then,  as  he  grew  better,  lie  began  to 
drink  it  for  his  noon  meal,  and  now  lie 
will  drink  nothing  else  at  table. 

“His  condition  is  so  wonderfully  im¬ 
proved  that  lie  could  not  be  hired  to 
give  up  Postum  and  go  back  to  tea.  His 
nerves  have  become  steady  and  reliable 
once  more,  and  his  sleep  is  easy,  natural 
and  refreshing. 

“Fie  owes  all  this  to  Postum  for  he 
has  taken  no  medicine  and  made  no 
other  change  in  his  diet. 

His  brother,  who  was  very  nervous 
from  coffee-drinking,  was  persuaded  by 
us  to  give  up  the  coffee  and  use  Postum 
and  lie  also  has  recovered  his  health 
and  strength.”  Name  given  by  Postum 
Co..  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

Read  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs.  “There’s  a  reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


San  Jose  Scale  Killer 

KIL-O-SCALE  is  the  most  reliable  rem¬ 
edy  for  Scale.  Ready  for  use  by  simply 
mixing  with  water.  Also  Lime,  Sulphur 
and  Spraying  Outfits.  Write  for  cata¬ 
logue. 

Henry  A.  Dreer,  Philadelphia,  Pa 

TO  KILL, 

San  Jose  Scale 


USE 


Bergenport  Brand  Sulphur 

The  best  sulphur  for  Lime  Sulphur  Solution, 
combines  easily  and  quickly  with  lime.  Write  to 

T.  &  S.  C.  WHITE  &  CO. 
BERGENPORT  SULUHUlt  WORKS 
lOO  William  Street,  New  York 


/■As  low  as  $10 

And  any  boy  can  operate  it  and  earn  the 
price  of  this  saw  in  two  days  ensilu  by 
contracting  to  saw  lumber,  firewood,  lath, 
fences,  posts,  etc.,  for  neighbors. 


Hertzler  &  Zook 


Portable 

Wood 


Earn 

$10 


is  positively  the  cheapest  and  best 
saw  made.  Liberally  guaranteed  for 
1  year— will  last  many  years. 
Strictly  factory  prices  —  you 
save  jobbers’  profits.  Stick 
sits  low— saw  draws  it  on 
immediately  machine 
starts— ensuring  ease  of 
operation.  Only  $10  saw  io 
wh  ch  ripping  table  can  bo 
added.  Write  for  catalogue. 

HERTZLER  <fc  ZOOK  CO. 
Box  3  Belleville,  Pa. 


FOR  MENDING  HARNESS 


It  takes 
a  wax  - 
thread, 
feeds 


shoes,  tents,  awnings,  pulley  belts,  car¬ 
pets,  saddles,  suit  cases,  buggy  tops, 
dash  boards,  or  any  heavy  material. 

wart’s  Automatic 
Awl  is  the  only  per¬ 
fect  Sewing 
Awl, 


from  spool  . . 

does  the  work  of 
any  harness  maker 
mnehino;  It  is  indis¬ 
pensable  for  farmers. 

Agents  wanted.  Sent  prepaid 
for  $1.25.  Send  at  once  for 
ea  talog.  STEWART-SKINNER  CO. 

35  Hermon  Street.  Worcester.  Mass. 

Farmers’  Handy  Wagon 
at  a  Low  Price 

Absolutely  the  best  wagon  built  for  every  kind 
wiuloo*  U-uminK-  Low  steel  wheels,  wide  tires. 
Will  lust  a  lifetime  without  repairs. 

STEEL  WHEELS 

for  farm  wagons 
—any  size  to  fit 
any  axle.  Send 
for  our  free 
booklet  beforo 
you  buy  a  wagon 
-  or  a  set  of  whools. 

EMPIRE  MFG.  CO.,  Box  96-L  Quincy,  III. 


FARM  FOR  $2,500 

Sullivan  County,  New  York  State  Farm  in  good 
state  of  cultivation,  well  fenced  and  watered:  apple 
orchard,  maple  orchard,  small  fruit.  Large  13-room 
house,  large  barn  and  wagon-house,  granary  and 
outbuildings.  One  mile  from  post  office,  stores 
and  State  road ;  in  the  heart  of  the  popular  summer 
boarding  section.'  it  contains  about  130  acres;  to 
dose  the  estate  it  will  be  sold  for  $2,500,  less  than 
the  cost  of  the  buildings.  It.has  been  used  as  a 
dairy  and  grain  farm  ;  creamery  one  mile.  Address 
FARM,  care  Rural  New-Yorker,  400  Pearl  St.,  N.Y. 


“Our  Folks” 
Wrote  This 
Advertisement 

Here  is  an  advertisement  made  up 
of  phrases  culled  from  letters  writ¬ 
ten  by  Farm  Journal  subscribers: 

“It  beats  everything  I  have  ever  seen  in  the  value 
you  get  for  the  money  you  give  for  it.  .  .  We 
cannot  keep  house  without  it.  .  .  It  is  the 
mo3t  instructive  paper  that  comes  to  our 
home.  .  .  When  I  want  reliable  information  on 
any  subject  I  consult  Farm  Journal.  .  .  It's 
the  only  paper  my  wife  reads,  and  we  take  many 
others.  .  .  The  variety  and  quality  of  its  ma¬ 
terial  is  surprising.  .  .  To  stop  it  would  be 
like  stopping  the  visits  of  a  good  friend.” 

Pretty  strong  advertisement,  isn't 
it? — and  remember  it  was  written 

by  our  subscribers,  not  by  us — and  we  could 
print  easily  a  thousand  such  ad-vertisements 
from  the  letters  we  have  on  file.  Wherever 
you  live,  whatever  your  business,  you  need 
such  a  paper  in  your  home.  For  only  $1 
we’ll  send  it  monthly  for  five  years. 

FARM  JOURNAL 
130  N.  Clifton  Street,  Philadelphia 


WHEELS,  FREIGHT  PAID,  $8.75 

I"  Wheels,  Steel  Tires.  With  ltuhber  Tires. 

,  .  Reraobing  your  wheels,  $10.30.  I  manufaoturS 
wheels  H  to  i  in. tread.  Buggy  Tops,  $«.50;  Shafts, $2  10 
Learn  how  to  buy  direct.  Catalog  free.  Repair  wheels* 
fo.UD.  Wagon  Umbrella  Frick.  »  .  K.  BOOB*  tin’ti,  0* 


GREAT  CROP  RESULTS 

from  the  use  of  Martin’s  Animal  Bone  and  Tankage 
fertilizers  force  us  to  operate  a  third  factory;  total 
capacity,  200,000  tons.  Seven  large  abattoirs  and 
stockyards  furnish  the  bulk  of  our  raw  materials. 
Agents  and  farmers  constantly  assure  us  that  our 
fertilizers  give  the  best  results  of  any  ever  tested 
and  that  they  sell  more  than  of  any  ever  handled 
Agents  and  farmers  wanting  strictly  independent 
animal  matter  fertilizers,  with  exclusive  selling 
territory,  should  arrange  with  us  NOW. 

D,  B.  MARTIN  CO.  BUILDING  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE- 


.  .  .  MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY  .  ,  . 

‘The  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Send  for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  “  Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


*076 


November  4, 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINB88  FARMER'S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  anti  Suburban  Homes 

Extdblished.  18S0 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company.  409  Pearl  St.,  New  Y ork 

Herbert  IV.  Collingwood,  President  and  Editor. 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mas.  E.  T.  Koylk,  Associate  Editor. 


SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  postal  Union.  $2.(H.  equal  to  8s.  Gd.,  or 
8J4  marks,  or  10>£  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 


Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 


Advertising  rates  80  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  us  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 


“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  cverv  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  hacked  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  t  o  ail  j  list  trifling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  bo 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  Bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  lie  Font  to  ns  within  one  month  of  1 the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural  New-Y orker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. _ 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 

known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

A  man  may  know  that  he  has  power  this  great  world 
to  disturb 

When  other  men  take  up  his  name  and  use  it  as  a 
verb. 


Take  our  advice  and  spray  the  fruit  trees  as  soon 
as  the  fruit  and  foliage  are  off.  Do  not  take  any 
stock  in  the  pleasant  theories  that  the  scale  is  dying 
out.  We  ought  to  have  known  better,  but  we  accepted 
that  theory  last  Spring!  Dying  out?  The  scale  has 
dyed  some  of  our  best  fruit  with  what  we  regard  as 
the  purple  badge  of  shame!  The  insect  came  in  just 
where  we  did  not  want  it,  and  where  least  expected, 
and  multiplied  with  frightful  rapidity.  You  may  go 
and  tell  that  fairy  tale  about  the  scale  dying  out  to 
some  one  who  has  not  been  stung  by  it.  Spray  your 
trees  if  you  expect  to  stay  in  the  fruit  business. 

* 


We  have  done  our  best  to  interest  our  people  in 
rye  as  a  cover  crop.  This  tough  grain  is  the  last  re¬ 
sort  in  seeding  to  occupy  the  soil  during  Fall  and 
Winter.  This  year  many  of  our  readers  have  tried 
it  for  the  first  time.  They  come  asking  what  they 
should  do  with  it.  Let  it  alone!  It  is  saving  you 
money  every  day  by  using  up  the  nitrates  and  holding 
the  soil  together.  What  more  could  you  ask  for  ? 
Next  Spring  is  the  time  to  ask  what  to  do  with  it. 
You  can  pasture  or  plow  it  under  or  cut  for  hay  or 
for  grain.  We  will  take  that  up  in  time.  Just  now- 
let  it  alone  and  be  thankful  you  have  it  started. 

* 


It  looks  as  if  the  Chinese  consumer  at  least  keeps 
an  eye  on  his  dollar.  Considerable  American  flour  is 
sent  to  China.  Much  of  it  is  made  into  wheat  cakes 
and  sold  to  the  lower  class  Chinese.  Consul  Ander¬ 
son,  of  Hongkong,  says: 

When  a  coolie  is  to  make  a  purchase  of  one  or  more 
cakes  lie  picks  one  from  the  vendor's  tray,  carefully 
weighs  it  in  his  hand,  and  if  in  his  judgment  it  is  up  to 
weight  he  pays  the  purchase  price  and  takes  the  goods. 
If  it  is  not  up  to  the  weight,  he  will  promptly  refuse  it. 
Ilence  the  vendor .  must  have  his  cakes  up  to  weight  and 
size. 

When  customers  buy  like  that  the  middleman  will 
feel  as  if  he  were  between  two  grindstones.  In  many 
cities  housekeepers  simply  order  the  goods  and  let 
the  dealer  and  the  servant  do  the  weighing  and  keep¬ 
ing.  Of  course  they  are  cheated,  and  often  pay  twice 
what  they  ought  to. 

* 


One  good  way  to  change  the  political  issues  is  to 
work  a  few  real  farm  problems  in.  That  will  help 
clean  them  up.  In  Erie,  Pa.,  the  public  market  place 
has  entered  the  local  election.  The  independent  can¬ 
didate  for  mayor  is  H.  E.  Reed,  and  he  stands  for 
the  following: 

I  favor  and  will  establish  municipal  markets— markets 
under  the  control  of  the  city,  where  the  consumer  can 
meet  and  deal  directly  with  the  country  producer  to  the 
profit  of  both. 

This  is  what  we  mean  by  putting  real  farm  prob¬ 
lems  into  politics.  Here  is  an  issue  which  appeals  to 
farmers  and  consumers  alike.  This  is  an  “off’  year, 
and  thus  just  the  right  time  to  get  on  to  the  market 
wagon.  A  public  market  in  Erie  will  steady  prices 
and  help  every  buyer  in  the  city  and  every  farmer 
for  miles  around.  The  R.  N.-Y.  has  many  readers 
in  and  around  Erie.  We  ask  every  one  of  them  to 
help  elect  Mr.  Reed.  Within  12  miles  of  Erie  are 
over  2,000  farmers.  While  they  cannot  vote  in  the 
city,  they  can  influence  their  city  friends  and  rela¬ 
tives.  Our  only  excuse  for  coming  into  this  is  the 
fact  that  a  good  market  will  bring  you  nearer  the 
consumer’s  dollar.  Here  is  your  chance. 


THE  RURAL  NEW -YORkER 

Rumor  is  busy  once  more  with  the  report  that 
Secretary  of  Agriculture  Wilson  is  to  resign.  We  do 
not  know  how  true  the  report  is,  but  it  is  time  Mr. 
Wilson  retired.  He  has  had  the  job  too  long.  He 
might  have  retired  when  he  was  mellow  and  lived  in 
memory  as  a  success.  He  waited  until  he  has  become 
stale — a  condition  which  cannot  be  sweetened  by  his¬ 
tory.  We  have  already  been  asked  to  “support” 
various  gentlemen  for  the  place.  We  have  no  candi¬ 
date.  President  Taft  has  the  right  to  select  his  own 
advisers,  and  he  should  be  left  free  to  make  his  own 
choice  and  then  take  the  responsibility  for  it. 

* 

The  hay  crop  of  this  country,  about  46,900,000  tons, 
is  14,000,000  tons  less  than  in  1910,  and  nearly 
17,000,000  under  the  average  of  five  years  past.  The 
yield  in  Canada  is  proportionately  better  than  ours, 
yet  below  normal.  This  would  be  a  very  serious 
matter  if  it  were  not  that  a  hay  shortage  can  be 
known  early  enough  in  the  season  to  turn  some  stand¬ 
ing  grain  into  hay  and  make  additional  plantings  of 
corn  and  other  late  forage  crops.  Prices  for  hay  will 
probably  range  higher  than  last  season,  though 
not  in  proportion  to  the  crop  shortage.  Those  who 
use  the  higher  grades  of  Timothy  will  have  it  re¬ 
gardless  of  price,  but  those  who  feed  for  profit  rather 
than  pleasure  know  that  the  past  year’s  prices  have 
been  very  near,  if  not  sometimes  above,  the  limit  of 
economical  feeding. 

Hi 

During  the  past  few  months  great  and  important 
things  have  been  working  out  in  the  agricultural  edu¬ 
cation  of  New  York.  It  was  known  to  but  few,  com¬ 
paratively,  that  Dr.  L.  H.  Bailey  had  resigned  as  dean 
of  the  Agricultural  College  at  Cornell.  The  old  stu¬ 
dents  and  farmers  who  are  interested  in  the  college 
could  not  endure  the  idea  of  losing  Dr.  Bailey.  They 
knew  that  he,  more  than  any  other  man,  is  responsible 
for  the  growth  of  the  college,  and  that  he  alone  can 
carry  out  the  noble  plan  which  has  been  so  wisely 
started.  These  men  know  that  Dr.  Bailey’s  work  is 
not  yet  finished.  So  they  organized  to  see  what 
could  be  done.  As  they  investigated  and  studied  the 
situation  they  became  convinced  that  the  relations 
between  the  college  and  Cornell  University  should 
be  clearly  defined  and  changed,  if  need  he,  so  that  the 
college  could  be  free  to  do  its  peculiar  and  necessary 
work.  Finally  the  full  board  of  Cornell  trustees 
invited  Dr.  Bailey  to  come  before  them  and  present 
frankly  his  views  as  to  just  how  an  agricultural  col¬ 
lege  should  be  administered  and  governed.  Dr.  Bailey 
did  this  wisely  and  well.  The  board  promptly  ac¬ 
cepted  his  suggestions  and  a  strong  committee  will 
make  them  into  a  working  plan.  The  organization 
of  graduates  and  old  students  has  worked  in  a  dig¬ 
nified  and  forceful  manner.  They  should  continue 
their  organization  and  perfect  it.  They  are  the  chil¬ 
dren  of  the  college,  and  it  is  their  duty  to  stand  by  it 
in  the  best  sense  and  see  that  it  is  fairly  treated  and 
properly  developed.  As  for  Dr.  Bailey’s  connection 
with  the  college,  we  understand  that  he  will  remain 
at  least  until  next  June.  We  hope  he  will  remain  for 
years.  No  man  can  be  insensible  to  the  extraordinary 
exhibition  of  affection  and  confidence  which  has  been 
made  evident  by  the  incidents  of  the  past  few  weeks. 
The  farming  interests  have  shown  their  loyalty  to  the 
dean  and  the  Cornell  trustees  have  accepted  his  sug¬ 
gestions  without  question.  We  hope  therefore  that  Dr. 
Bailey  will  see  in  this  great  evidence  of  faith  in  his 
personality  and  powers  something  of  an  obligation  to 

remain  and  work  out  his  plans. 

* 

The  State  of  Louisiana  has  gone  into  the  real 
estate  business,  and  seems  to  be  starting  right.  A 
commission  headed  by  Prof.  W.  R.  Dodson  of  the 
State  Experiment  Station  has  started  a  campaign: 

It  is  designed  to  check  the  emigration  of  United 
States  farmers  and  homeseekers  from  Canada  to  the  now 
uncultivated  lands  in  the  South.  In  this  part  of  the  coun¬ 
try  the  climate  is  mild  and  the  soils  are  very  rich,  and 
more  than  one  valuable  crop  can  be  grown  on  the  same 
land  each  and  every  year.  We  believe  the  people  of  the 
country  at  large  would  rather  help  us  settle  up  our 
20,000,000  acres  of  now  uncultivated  but  highly  productive 
lands  than  help  Canada  draw  thousands  of  families  and 
millions  of  dollars  out  of  this  country  annually. 

We  doubt  if  the  average  citizen  will  have  much 
sentiment  in  the  matter.  He  will  go  where  there  is 
the  best  chance  to  make  a  satisfactory  home.  It  is 
not  entirely  a  matter  of  soil  and  climate.  Education 
for  children,  social  advantages,  protection  of  prop¬ 
erty  rights  and  fair  government  protection  against 
middlemen  and  public  utility  corporations  will  have 
to  be  considered.  Louisiana  is  going  at  it  right.  One 
of  the  best  things  the  State  can  do  is  to  make  a  law 
providing  for  the  inspection  and  license  of  real  estate 
boomers.  These  fakers  have  done  great  injury  to 
Florida,  and  if  they  are  not  checked  they  will  spoil 
the  best  efforts  of  Louisiana  to  dispose  of  good  land. 


You  did  us  a  good  favor  when  you  noted  in  a  recent 
number  of  your  paper  that  we  would  send  mailing  boxes 
and  franks  for  fruits  that  the  growers  wished  to  have 
identified.  We  have  the  promise  this  morning  of  nearly 
a  hundred  varieties,  owing  to  this  publicity.  The  work 
of  fruit  identification  in  this  office  has  never  been  heavier 
than  it  is  at  the  present  time.  Our  fruit  tables  resemble 
those  of  the  expositions.  G.  B.  Brackett. 

U.  S.  Fomologist,  Washington. 

This  is  good  work,  and  our  readers  may  well  take 
advantage  of  the  opportunity.  Many  of  us  find,  as 
our  orchards  come  into  bearing,  that  we  are  not 
sure  of  some  varieties.  Make  sure  and  then  map 
the  orchard.  The  Division  of  Pomology  at  Wash¬ 
ington  will  settle  the  matter  for  you,  free  of  charge. 
Their  statement  may  be  accepted  as  standard. 

* 

I  would  like  to  have  farmers  give  their  experience  and 
opinion  of  auto  trucks  for  farmers.  I  go  weekly  1G  miles 
to  the  city  of  Lebanon  to  market  and  it  takes  me  about 
four  hours  one  way  when  I  have  a  load.  We  have  a  good 
road.  I  usually  have  three  horses  abreast  in  a  large  top 
spring  wagon.  Now  I  am  considering  seriously  buying  an 
auto  truck  but  as  they  cost  so  much  money  I  shall  not 

be  too  hasty,  so  you  see  I  would  like  to  find  all  out  I  can 

about  it  c.  R.  B. 

It  has  been  proven  quite  conclusively  that  at  least  in 
some  places  this  is  practical.  We  know  that  some  of 
our  readers  have  used  these  trucks.  They  will  tell  us 
the  story.  We  do  not  want  any  one-sided  statement, 
but  the  whole  story.  What  can  such  a  truck  be 

fairly  expected  to  do?  What  does  it  cost  to  operate? 

Is  it  reliable?  We  can  easily  see  the  advantage  of 
such  a  truck  provided  it  will  run  steadily.  In  most 
neighborhoods  it  could  save  the  work  of  10  horses 
and  haul  for  three  or  four  farmers.  What  are  the 
facts? 

* 

The  city  of  Worcester,  Mass.,  enjoys  at  least  one 
distinction.  Her  public  hogs  are  more  profitable  than 
any  others  of  their  class!  Every  community  can 
show  a  herd  of  public  hogs,  well  rooted  to  the  tax 
trough,  and  they  usually  rank  as  the  most  profitless 
things  that  a  city  can  have  around.  The  Worcester 
hogs,  however,  run  on  four  feet  and  are  kept  at  the 
poor  farm,  about  three  miles  out  in  the  country.  The 
scavenger  department  of  Worcester  collects  swill  and 
garbage  regularly.  In  many  cities  this  waste  is 
burned  or  dumped  into  rivers  or  ponds.  In  Worces¬ 
ter  it  is  carried  to  the  poor  farm  and  fed  to  hogs. 
In  the  last  fiscal  year  it  cost  the  city  $39,039.68  to 
collect  and  feed  this  swill.  The  pork,  resulting  from 
this  feeding,  sold  for  $43,224.25,  so  that  these  public 
hogs  gave  a  profit  of  $4,184.75,  besides  making  the 
scavenger  service  self-supporting.  The  average  city 
farm  makes  a  very  poor  showing,  but  the  high  price 
of  pork  enabled  Worcester  to  turn  a  waste  and 
nuisance  into  profit. 

* 

Mayor  Gaynor,  of  New  York,  recently  stated  to  a 
delegation  of  farmers  that  one  great  reason  why 
consumers  are  held  up  for  high  prices  is  “Too  much 
hot  air!”  Very  likely  there  are  some  who'think  Mr. 
Gaynor  must  be  right,  since  he  is  something  of  an 
expert  at  talking  upon  any  subject.  He  had  in  mind 
another  sort  of  hot  air,  apd  he  was  right.  The  great 
majority  of  New  Yorkers  live  in  small  tenements  or 
flats.  These  are  steam  or  water  heated  close  to  the 
parboiling  point.  Even  in  the  coldest  Winter  many 
families  must  use  ice  to  keep  perishable  food.  Under 
such  conditions  it  is  impossible  for  families  to  buy  a 
barrel  of  apples  or  potatoes  as  would  be  done  in  the 
village  or  country.  Such  a  quantity  would  not  keep. 
Therefore  these  consumers  are  obliged  to  buy  in 
small  quantities.  Habit  has  cut  down  the  quantity 
until  many  of  them  rarely  have  food  on  hand  for 
more  than  one  meal.  This  means  extortionate  prices 
and  much  cheating.  This  condition  will  continue,  and 
farmers  who  plan  to  sell  direct  to  customers  in  large 
cities  must  consider  it.  They  must  ship  here  in  large 
lots  and  plan  some  system  of  retail  distribution  which 
will  cover  these  small  orders.  These  are  cold  facts 
about  hot  air.  _ _ 

BREVITIES. 

Do  not  let  resting  become  rusting. 

Keep  the  apple  cellars  open  nights  and  closed  days 
•until  freezing  weather. 

We  understand  a  prize  was  offered  in  Germany  for  the 
best  method  of  “aging  beer.”  Here  is  our  entry  :  “Swear 
off.” 

We  think  President  Taft  will  make  a  mistake  if  he 
fails  to  realize  that  there  may  be  a  great  difference  be¬ 
tween  a  crowd  and  an  endorsement. 

We  never  had  so  many  questions  about  the  ownership 
of  fruit  growing  on  trees  near  the  boundary  line.  The 
rule  is  that  where  limbs  reach  over  the  line  the  fruit 
which  they  carry  belongs  to  the  owner  of  tlie  land  which 
they  shade.  He  may  pick  such  fruit  while  standing  on 
his  own  land,  hut  may  not  go  over  the  line  to  pick. 

“We  have  a  fine  crop  here  of  Ben  Davis  and  Rome 
Beauty,  hut  they  are  no  better  than  pumpkins.  I  know 
of  one  man  who  has  15,000  bushels  of  Ben  Davis  that  I 
can  buy  for  30  cents  per  bushel  as  they  come  from  the 
trees  picked.”  That  is  from  an  Ohio  man  who  sent  to 
New  England  for  a  carload  of  Baldwin  and  Northern  Spy. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


1077 


“We  raise  only  thoronghbred  sheep  and  lambs,  and  for 
the  last  year  or  two  we  had  been  troubled  with  worms, 
which  have  caused  heavy  losses  among  our  half-grown 
lambs.  This  year,  since  we  received  the  Sal-Vet  shipped 
by  you.  we  divided  our  lambs  into  two  flocks.  To  one  flock 
wc'fed  Sal-Vet  and  dill  not  lose  a  single  lamb.  The  other 


flock  were  treated  with  another  preparation,  and  ns 
usual  we  lost  several  in  this  bunch.”— ELLIS  TIGER  CO., 
per  Vernon  H.  Tiger,  Sec’y  and  Treas.,  Gladstone,  N.  J. 

“We  have  used  Sal-Vet  with  excellent  satisfaction.  The 
results  appear  to  us  to  corroborate  your  statement — that 
it  is  desirable  for  discouraging  the  development  of  worms 


and  keeping  sheep  in  a  good  condition.  I  Itelieve  that  Sal- 
Vet  will  repay  the  user  in  the  results  which  come  from  its 
action  in  hts  flock.” — C.  S.  PLUMB,  B.SC.,  Prof,  of  Animal 
Husbandry,  Ohio  State  University.College  of  Agriculture. 

“I  write  to  say  that  I  have  been  a  free  user  of  Sal-Vet 
ever  since  its  introduction,  and  find  that  it  is  the  most 

-.•••.  i  •  '  - . 


perfect  worm  exterminator  on  the  market  today.  There 
is  nothing  within  my  knowledge  as  good  and  reliable  or  as 
cheap.  It  expels  all  worms  and  puts  hogs  in  condition 
to  digest  their  food.”— E.  C.  STONE,  Peoria,  Ill.  ,  Sec’y 
American  Hampshire  Swine  Record  Association;  Pres. 
Illinois  Swine  Breeders’  Association. 


I  have  done  it  for  thousands  of  farmers  and  stockmen— I’m  doing 
St  every  day — I’ll  do  it  for  you.  All  I  ask  is  the  privilege  of  send¬ 
ing  you  enough  Sal- V et  to  last  your  stock  60  days. 

I  simply  want  to  show  you  what  a  remarkable  change  Sal- Vet  will 
work  on  your  sheep,  your  hogs,  your  horses  and  cattle.  I  want 
to  show  you  how  it  will  improve  their  condition — make  them  thrive 
better — look  better — put  on  more  flesh  on  less  feed  and  above  all  £et 


rid  oi  all  stomach  and  intestinal  worms  and  para¬ 
sites,  which  are  the  biggest  drain  on  your  stock  profits.  After 
you  see  the  wonderful  results  Sal- Vet  produces,  you  will  be  only  too 
glad  to  pay  its  small  cost  and  order  more. 

Remember,  I  don’t  ask  a  penny  of  pay  in  advance, 

I  prove  all  my  claims  first — and  if  you  are  not  satisfied  at  the  end  of 
sixty  days,  you  are  nothing  out.  You  have  nothing  to  risk,  but 
everything  to  gain  by  this  open,  honest,  liberal  offer. 


What  Sat- Vet  is 
What  Sat- Vet  Does 

Sal-Vet  is  first  a  worm  destroyer. 

Second,  a  conditioner.  Sal- Vet  is  a 
medicated  salt.  It  contains  several  medici¬ 
nal  elements  which  promptly  kill  and 
expel  stomach  and  intestinal  worms 
and  parasites,  and  in  the  meantime  starts 

and  puts  the  stomach  and  digestive  organs  in  a  healthy,  vigorous 
in  condition.  It  sharpens  the  appetite  —  it  tones  the  blood 
—  it  puts  snap  in  the  eye  —  life  and  vitality  into  the  whole 
system.  It  aids  digestion — helps  the  animal  to  derive  more 
good  from  its  food.  You  will  be  surprised  at  the  change  it  will  make. 

No  Drenching  No  Handiing  No  Trouble 
They  Doctor  Themselves 

It  is  easy  to  feed  Sal-Vet — you  feed  it  just  as  you  do  salt.  Put  it 
where  all  of  your  stock — sheep,  lambs,  hogs,  horses  and  cattle,  can 
get  at  it  daily  and  they  will  doctor  themselves.  I  could  tell  you 
in  this  advertisement  how  it  will  keep  your  sheep  and  lambs 


TRADE  MARK. 


REG.U.S.  RAT.  OFF. 

The  Great  Worm  Destroyer  and  Conditioner. 


V 


my 

your  own  eyes  see. 

\  That  is  why  I  want  to  prove  all  this  in 
cC''s  your  own  barnyard,  on  your  own  farm 
“  '  animals  and  before  you  pay  me  one 
V  cent.  You  cannot  afford  not  to 
accept  this  open-handed  offer. 


From  the  President  of  the  American 
Shropshire  Association 

“Wo  havo  used  ‘Sal-Vet*  as  a  preventative  of 
worms  in  our  flock  of  sheep,  and  havo  great  faith 
in  it.  We  keep  it  before  them  all  the  time,  both 
when  at  pasture  and  in  the  barn. 

Tho  sheep  like  it  and  we  can  truthfully  say 
that  our  sheep  are  free  from  worms,  although  we 
havo  run  sheep  in  our  pasture  quite  thickly  for 
tho  past  fifteen  years.” 

HENRY  L.  WARDWELL, 
{Springfield  Center,  N.Y. 

“We  are  now  keeping  ‘Sal-Vet*  before  our  stock 
all  the  time.  Wo  never  had  stock  pick  up  as  fast 
as  these  animals  are  doing  this  spring,  and  ‘Sal- 
Vet’  is  doing  tho  business.** 

GRUBB  &  RICHARDSON, 

R.  F.D.  1,  McConnellsville,  0. 


Proasf  That  Proves 
From  Actual  Users 

Below  are  a  few  letters  from  prominent 
stockmen,  who  are  using  Sal-Vet.  Their 
word  is  based  on  their  own  actual  ex¬ 
perience.  It  is  proof  that  is  positive, 
yet  I  do  not  ask  you  to  even  take  their 
word.  I’ll  prove  it  for  you. 

TESTIMONIAL  LETTERS 

D.  Sinead,  Editor  Veterinary 
Nat’l  Stockman  and  Farmer 


From  Dr,  C. 

Department, 

**I  desire  to  say  of  ‘Sal-Vet’  that  I  have  given  it  m. 
good  trial  and  passed  some  of  it  along  to  my  friend*. 
I  find  it  fills  tho  bill,  and  do  not  hesitate  to  recom¬ 
mend  its  use  to  aR  live  stock  owners  as  being  a  most 
worthy  preparation.  In  my  judgment  if  farmer* 
wore  to  depend  upon  it  and  keep  it  before  their  sheep 
and  other  stock  all  tho  time,  the  intestinal  worn* 
problem  would  bo  solved. 

Tho  troublo  w  ith  many  farmers  is,  they  seldom  follow 
the  directions^! von  them  with  preparationsof  this  kind 
and,  furthermore,  they  are  unreasonable  iu  expecting 
to  see  immediate  results  when  they  do  use  a  salt. 

1  am  glad  to  make  this  statement  for  you  regarding 
the  value  of  ‘Sal-Vet’,  as  1  believe  in  giving  credit 
where  credit  is  due.” 

(Signed)  C.  D.  SMEA D,  V.  8. 


% 


Send  No  Money  —  Simply 
Fill  out  and  Mail  the  Coupon 

If  you  could  sit  at  my  desk  for  just  one  day — open  and  read  the  .etters  I  get, 
voicing  the  gratitude — the  appreciation  of  hundreds  of  stockmen  and  farmers 
— who  have  taken  advantage  of  my  liberal  offer  to  “prove”  the  merits  of 
Sal-Vet,  you  would  not  delay  a  minute  in  sending  me  the  coupon  requesting 
enough  Sal-Vet  to  feed  your  stock  60  days,  especially  when  I  do  it  before 
you  pay.  Now  fill  in  the  coupon — mail  it  at  once— it’s  your  chance  to  make 
and  save  a  great  many  dollars.  You  pay  the  small  freight  charge  when  it 
arrives  and  at  the  end  of  60  days  if  not  satisfactory  1  cancel  the  charge  for  the 
Sal-Vet  sent  to  you. 

Sidney  R*  FeiS ,  President 

The  Sm  Rm  FEIL  COMPANY .  Qcpi  r.n.y .Cleveland,  Ohio 

Never  sold  in  bulk,  except  in  Sal  -Vet  packages.  No  orders  filled  for  less  than  40  lbs. 

Price. <  40  lbs..  $2.25;  100  lbs.,  $5.00;  200  lbs.,  $9.00;  800  lbs.,  $13.00;  500  lbs.,  $21.12. 


1078 

Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

RESIGNATION. 

There  is  no  flock,  however  watched  and 
tended, 

But  one  dead  lamb  is  there ! 

There  is  no  fireside  howsoe’er  defended, 

But  has  one  vacant  chair. 

The  air  is  full  of  farewells  to  the  dying, 
And  mournings  for  the  dead ; 

The  heart  of  Rachel,  for  her  children  crying. 
Will  not  be  comforted. 

Let  us  be  patient.  These  severe  afflictions 
Not  from  the  ground  arise, 

But  oftentimes  celestial  benedictions 
Assume  this  dark  disguise. 

We  see  but  dimly  through  the  mists  and 
vapors, 

Amid  these  earthly  damps ; 

What  seems  to  us  but  sad,  funereal  tapers, 
May  be  heaven’s  distant  lamps. 


THE  RURAL 

pipe  dolls  are  used  to  form  holders  for 
shaving  paper,  or  dressed  in  special 
colors  they  make  quaint  little  souvenir 
favors. 

* 

Fire  losses  in  the  United  States  are 
from  five  to  20  times  greater  than  in 
European  countries,  and  the  American 
correspondent  of  a  London  paper  gives 
“bad  manners”  as  a  potent  cause  of  fire 
losses.'  He  says  that  the  average 
American  is  too  indifferent  about  the 
rights  of  others  and  too  careless  about 
the  observance  of  conventions  to  care 
where  he  drops  the  end  of  his  cigarette, 
or  to  see  whether  the  match  he  has  used 
to  light  it  is  still  burning  when  he  flicks 
it  away.  That  this  severe  criticism  is 
in  a  measure  true,  is  shown  by  two 
cases  fresh  in  mind — the  frightful  fac¬ 
tory  fire  in  New  York,  which  took  more 

There  is  no  death !  What  seems  so  is  transi-  a  hundred  lives,  and  the  burning 

of  the  boat-house  on  a  wealthy  man’s 
estate,  which  caused  four  deaths.  In 
the  factory  working  men  smoked  where 
smoking  was  forbidden ;  in  the  boat¬ 
house  a  young  man  of  cultured  ease 
threw  a  cigarette,  it  is  believed,  upon 
a  floor  waxed  or  otherwise  rendered 
especially  inflammable.  The  selfishly 
indifferent  smoker  is  one  of  the  people, 
Dr.  Wiley’s  Non-smokers’  Protective 
League  intends  to  reform,  but  we  ought 
to  go  to  the  very  root  of  the  matter, 
and  start  reform  right  in  the  Ameri¬ 
can  home.  Thoughtless  indifference 
Day  after  day  we  think  what  she  is  doing  and  selfish  disregard  for  the  rights  of 

others  are  responsible  for  many  wrongs 


NEW-YORKER 

Crochet  Instruction  Wanted. 

Will  some  of  your  contributors  please 
tell  me  how  to  crochet  an  “auto  cap” 
for  a  10-year-old  girl?  Kind  of  ma¬ 
terial,  amount,  etc.  g.  m. 


November  4, 


tion  ; 

This  life  of  mortal  breath 
Is  but  a  suburb  of  the  life  elysian, 

Whose  portal  we  call  Death. 

She  is  not  dead — the  child  of  our  affection — 

But  gone  unto  that  school 
Where  she  no  longer  needs  our  poor  pro¬ 
tection, 

And  Christ  himself  doth  rule. 

In  that  great  cloister’s  stillness  and  se¬ 
clusion, 

By  guardian  angels  led 
Safe  from  temptation,  safe  from  sin’s  pol¬ 
lution, 

She  Jives  whom  we  call  dead. 


besides  the  danger  to  life  and  property 
incurred  through  preventable  fires. 

* 

A  case  now  before  the  courts  at 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  is  brought  by  a  woman 
who  took  treatment  from  a  “beauty 


In  those  bright  realms  of  air; 

Year  after  year  her  tender  steps  pursuing, 

Behold  her  grown  more  fair. 

— Longfellow. 

* 

Here  is  a  cooked  piccalilli  easy  to 
make,  and  extra  good.  It  calls  for  25 
large  sweet  peppers,  half  green  and  half 
red;  18  medium  sized  white  onions;  one  specialist”  in  New  York,  to ’ remedy  cer 
quart  of  vinegar;  \]/2  cup,  good  meas-  tain  facial  defects.  The  treatment  was, 
me,  of  gianulated  or  light  brown  she  alleges,  so  carelessly  and  ignorantly 
sugai ,  one  tablcspoonful  salt.  Remove  done  that  she  lost  her  eyesight  as  a 
all  seeds  and  stems  from  peppers,  peel  result  of  it,  and  she  is  seeking  to  se- 
the  onions,  and  chop  all  fine;  the  easiest  cure  heavy  damages.  We  do  not  know 
way  is  to  run  through  a  meat  chopper.  what  the  merits  of  this  case  are,  but 
Mix  vinegar,  sugar  and  salt  with  the  while  there  are  undoubtedly  some  spe- 
\egctables,  and  boil  in  preserving  kettle  cialists  who  possess  real  knowledge  con- 
for  about  half  an  hour,  or  until  all  is  cerning  the  remedying  of  personal  de- 
tender ,  then  seal  in  small  jars.  fects,  it  is  a  business  that  is  overrun  by 

*  unscrupulous  quacks.  Could  we  know 

A  new  mousetrap  is  made  of  glass,  how  much  money  is  wasted,  and  how 
looking  like  a  pint  preserve  jar  slightly  much  bodily  suffering  endured,  as  a 
flattened  at  one  side,  so  that  it  may  be  result  of  advertisers  of  this  class  in  the 
laid  down.  There  is  a  spring  inside  for  cheap  mail-order  papers,  we  should  be 


the  bait  and  a  metal  cap  that  snaps 
shut.  It  costs  25  cents,  a  rat-trap  of 
the  same  type  being  40  cents.  It  is 
recommended  as  clean,  sanitary,  and 
capable  of  sterilization,  though  we 
think  a  scientific  home  where  even  the 
mousetrap  was  sterilized  ought  not  to 
contain  anything  so  dangerous  as  an 
unsterilized  mouse.  One  of  our  friends, 
who  lived  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands  dur¬ 
ing  a  bubonic  plague  period,  told  us  that 


astounded  by  the  total.  We  may  smile 
contemptuously  at  the  folly  and  vanity 
displayed  by  the  patrons  of  these 
quacks,  yet  there  may  be  a  real  tragedy 
hidden  behind  their  misguided  search 
for  beauty.  The  folly  lies  in  the  means, 
rather  than  the  end  sought,  for  how¬ 
ever  much  we  may  try  to  believe  that 
“favor  is  deceitful  and  beauty  vain,”  we 
know  that  a  girl’s  whole  life  may  be 
changed  by  her  lack  of  outward  at- 


no  one  who  had  not  passed  through  tractiveness.  The  two  greatest  requi- 
sucli  an  experience  could  realize  the  sites  for  good  looks  in  either  man  or 
horror  and  disgust  she  felt  at  the  sight  woman,  however,  are  good  health,  and 
of  a  rat  or  mouse.  These  rodents  were  good  temper,  and  they  are  not  provided 
regarded  as  chief  carriers  of  the  plague,  by  the  beauty  specialists  alone.  Good 
and  hence  were  looked  upon,  not  merely  temper  will  not  make  over  an  unshapely 
as  annoying  vermin,  but  as  harbingers  nose  into  a  classic  model,  nor  remove  a 


of  death  and  disease. 

* 

Some  quaint  little  dolls,  that  are  al¬ 
ways  liked  by  children,  are  made  from 
clay  pipes  dressed  in  paper  napkins.  A 
face  is  painted  on  the  back  of  each 
pipe  bowl,  and  a  skirt  made  by  laying 
two  napkins  one  over  the  other,  so  that 
ti  c  corners  of  the  upper  one  come  be¬ 
tween  the  corners  of  the  lower  one. 
Tie  pipestem  is  pushed  through  the 
middle,  and  the  skirt  is  then  brought 
close  up  to  the  bowl  and  tied  with  a 
sash.  Another  napkin  is  then  folded 
shawl  fashion  and  put  over  the  bowl 
like  a  hood,  tied  at  the  neck  with  rib¬ 
bon.  Sometimes  little  paper  sunbon- 
nets  are  used  instead  of  the  shawl, 
but  they  are  fussy  to  make.  If  the 
pipestem  is  put  into  a  large,  empty 
spool  the  doll  will  stand  up.  These 


crop  of  freckles,  but  it  is  likely  to  make 
someone  think  their  possessor  the  dear¬ 
est  and  most  congenial  of  companions, 
while  good  health  has  a  tendency  to 
make  life  pleasant  for  all  within  its 
sphere  of  influence. 


A  Cheap  Substitute  forCocoanut  Pie. 

When  squashes  are  in  season  and  so 
easily  raised  we  ought  to  give  our  fami¬ 
lies  their  fill  of  “cocoanut  pie.”  Make 
crusts  as  usual,  only  lower  ones  are 
used,  and  prepare  filling  as  follows : 
For  each  pie  one  cup  grated  squash, 
one  egg,  one  cup  milk,  sugar  to  taste, 
about  a  cupful.  Without  further  addi¬ 
tion  it  is  delicious  and  if  only  called 
cocoanut  pie,  its  real  identity  is  never 
dreamed.  A  little  cocoanut  can  be 
sprinkled  on  the  top,  but  is  not  really 
necessary.  grace  c.  rutter. 


Two  Suggestions  for  the  Baby. 

When  a  mother  bakes  her  own  bread 
she  can  use  the  last,  the  part  that  sticks 
to  the  board  and  is  thick  with  flour, 
for  the  teething  baby.  Scrape  it  into  a 
lump  and  knead  it  a  few  minutes  until 
it  becomes  elastic;  then  roll  it  thin  and 
cut  in  strips  half  the  size  of  a  string 
bean  pod.  Grease  a  pan,  and  flour  it, 
and  set  the  little  bread  strips  to  raise; 
bake  a  good  brown;  these  will  be 
mostly  crust,  of  a  cracker-like  flavor, 
but  not  so  brittle.  They  are  better  for 
the  baby  to  suck  on  than  the  crumbly 
crusts  of  the  bread  (or  crackers),  and 
much  better  than  rubber  toys;  and  they 
furnish  some  nourishment  and  a  good 
utensil  for  him  to  have  against  the 
painful  gums,  when  teething. 

When  the  baby  commences  to  sit 
alone  it  is  better  to  arrange  a  large 
box;  if  he  takes  a  notion  to  climb  and 
falls  there  can  be  little  danger  of  seri¬ 
ous  injury.  There  should  be  a  soft  pad 
in  the  bottom  of  the  box,  and  the  sides 
can  be  padded  also,  if  you  desire.  I  al¬ 
ways  use  a  loose  pad  in  the  bottom 
that  can  be  aired  and  washed  as  neces¬ 
sary.  A  shoe  box  is  a  nice  size,  about 
27  inches  wide  and  the  same  height, 
and  a  yard  long.  It  is  stout,  and  should 
have  broom  handles  arranged  on  the 
two  long  sides  for  the  bevy’s  first  steps. 
These  can  be  fastened  Wth  a  loop  of 
wire  at  the  ends,  or  pipe  hangers  such 
as  plumbers  use.  Place  them  across 
the  long  sides  of  the  top  just  inside,  to 
protect  the  baby  from  the  sharp  edge. 
1  he  rail  is  safe  for  the  baby  to  grasp, 
and  the  box  protects  him  from  the 
draughts  along  the  floor,  and  is  easy  to 
move.  edythe  stoddard  seymour. 


Chicken  Saute  with  Potatoes  and 
Onions. — Separate  a  fowl  into  pieces  and 
simmer  until  tender.  Have  ready  in  the 
fryingpan  three  or  four  tablespoonfuls 
of  hot  bacon  fat.  Roll  the  pieces  in 
seasoned  flour  and  saute  them  in  tho 
hot  fat  until  delicately  browned  on  both 
sides.  Flave  ready  a  pint  of  potato  balls, 
cut  with  French  cutter,  fried  tender  in 
hot  fat  (this  will  take  about  10  minutes, 
and  the  fat  should  not  be  too  hot,  or  the 
potatoes  will  become  too  brown)  ; 
sprinklje  them  with  salt.  Also  have 
about  a  dozen  small  onions  boiled  ten¬ 
der,  drained,  brushed  with  beaten  egg 
yolk  and  browned  in  the  oven.  Place 
chicken  in  the  center  of  the  platter,  po¬ 
tatoes  at  the  two  ends  and  onions  at  the 
sides  of  platter.  Thicken  and  season 
some  of  the  stock  in  which  the  fowl  was 
cooked,  and  serve  as  gravy  in  separate 
sauce  boat. 


MEISTER 

PIANO 

SENT  TO  ANY  AMERICAN  HOME 

On  30  Day’s 
Free  Trial 

FREIGHT  PREPAID 

Price  $175 


Sold  direct  from  our  factories 
to  your  home.  No  dealers' 
or  agents’  profit  to  pay. 

Seven  other  styles  to  choose  from, 
ranging  in  price  from  $225  to  $350. 

Send  for  the  beautiful  Meister  Piano 
book  today.  It  illustrates  the  eight 
styles  in  natural  colors  of  the  wood. 
The  one  you  like  is  the  one  we  will 
send  on  30  days’  free  trial. 

The  free  offer  is  intended  to  give  you 
definite  personal  knowledge  of  the 
Meister’s  exquisite  tone  and  construc¬ 
tion.  It  carries  no  obligation  at  all.  Our 
plan  of  sale  is  that  no  one  shall  buy  a 
piano  from  us  without  knowing  what  it 
looks  like,  what  it  can  do,  what  it  is  worth 
and  how  it  compares  with  other  makes. 

If,  after  the  trial,  you  find  the  Meister 
to  be  all  that  we  claim  and  you  decide  to 
buy  it,  we  offer  you  these  attractive  terms: 

No  Cash  Payment  Down 

Small  Weekly  or  Monthly  Payments 

No  interest  on  payments.  No  extras. 
Piano  stool  and  scarf  free.  Sold  under 
Rothschild  &  Company’s  ten  year  guar¬ 
antee  bond. 

If  the  Meister  isn’t  better  than 

we  claim  we  will  pay  the  freight 

back  to  our  place  of  business. 

Rothschild  &  Company  is  one  of  Chicago’s 
greatest,  strongest  and  most  able  commercial 
houses.  Their  resources  exceed  $4,000,000.  No 
concern  in  the  world  stands  higher.  Ask  your 
banker.  Every  promise  is  definite  and  will 
be  kept. 

Send  for  our  free  piano  book  today  and 
learn  all  the  details. 

The  Meister  Piano  Go. 

(Rothschild  &  Company,  Sole  Owners) 
Dept.  121  L  Chicago,  III. 


Know  about  the  “Samson’ Heel? 


THE  IOWA  ARCTIC 


Don't  Pay  Tribute 
To  A  Trust 


THE  IOWA  MOSCOW 


Look  for  the  Cross  on  every  pair. 

It  means  reliability,  wearability,  sat¬ 
isfaction. 

Iowa  Arctics  wear  longer  and  look 
better,  because  they're  made  of  the 
best  materials  from  top  to  toe.  Doubly 
strengthened  where  others  are 
See  the  •‘Samsou  '*  Extension 

See  the  “armor-plated  '’  toe  cup.  Look  for  the  Cross  first  at  tlie  heels.  The  nnpers  are 


Deacon  Falls 

9 


The  soles  are  the  exclusive  Cross 
“  tough  cure.”  extra  heavy  and  solid. 
The  toe  is  armor  plated  "with  a 
double  thickness  of  pure  rubber  —  a 
safeguard  against  “  snagging”.  The 
famous  Samson  heel  insures  strength 
where  it  counts  mo>t. 

90  per  cent,  of  Rubbers  wear  out 


They  mean  wear. 

Be  sure  the  Cross  is  on  every  rubber  boot 
or  shoe  you  buy.  Sold  only  through  reliable 
dealers.  An  illustrated  booklet  describing 
Beacon  Kails  rubber 
footwear  free  if 
you  send  your 
dealer's  name. 


Soe  tho  hoavy 
gum  too 
cap 


See 
tho 

Samson 
extension  hoot 


cashmerette  of  finest  quality,  rubber 
interlined  and  waterproof. 

The  lining  is  genuine 
wool  fleece  —  not  cotton 
shoddy. 

No  one  could  make  it 
belter. 

Don’t  take  ordinary  makes 
when  you  can  got  Beacon 
Falls  quality  at  no  greater 
expense. 

Most  good  dealers  have 
them. 

1  f  yours  hasn’t, 
write  us. 

Mention  his 
name  and  we 
willsee  that  you 
are  supplied. 


Iowa  Moscow 


Beacon  Falls  Rubber  Shoe  Co. 

NEW  YORK  BOSTON  CHICACO 

Look  for  the  Cross  on  every  pair 


lull. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


1079 


The  Last  of  the  Garden. 

Most  country  housewives  have  an  ab¬ 
horrence  of  waste  which  impels  them  to 
utilize  all  the  products  of  the  garden  in 
some  way.  Even  such  unpromising  ma¬ 
terials  as  green  muskmelons  and  the 
cucumber  in  its  yellow  old  age  are 
transformed  by  their  skillful  hands  into 
rich,  spicy  pickles  and  preserves.  One 
thrifty  woman  of  my  acquaintance  used 
to  pickle  the  immature  seed  pods  of  the 
radish  plant.  I  have  forgotten  how 
they  tasted,  but  they  seem  as  queer  as 
the  sharks’  fins  and  birds’  nests  of  the 
Orientals.  A  recent  inquiry  in  these 
columns  was  for  a  method  of  canning 
Swiss  chard.  I,  too,  have  looked  at 
those  thick,  tender  stalks  and  longed  to 
find  a  way  to  keep  them  for  Winter 
use.  Could  they  be  lifted  with  a  ball  of 
earth  on  the  roots  and  placed  in  a  well- 
ventilated  part  of  the  cellar  along  with 
the  cauliflower  and  celery?  Suppose 
some  of  us  amateur  gardeners  were  to 
trv  this  plan,  would  The  R.  N.-Y.  per¬ 
mit  us  to  report  in  its  pages  our  suc¬ 
cess  or  lack  of  it?  [Very  gladly.  The 
plan  is  worth  trying.  Eds.] 

We  seldom  neglect  to  remove  a  few 
plants  of  parsley  and  chervil  to  a  box 
in  a  sunny  window.  They  keep  in  grow¬ 
ing  condition  all  Winter  and  supply 
seasoning  and  garnishes  for  various 
dishes.  The  two  plants  are  similar  in 
appearance,  but  chervil  is  more  easily 
grown.  Parsley  is  sometimes  a  failure 
from  drought  or  poor  germination,  but 
when  chervil  is  once  started  in  a  shady 
place,  one  is  sure  of  a  supply  of  this 
herb  for  years,  as  young  plants  spring 
up  as  soon  as  the  seed  drops.  Some¬ 
times  a  plant  of  thyme  is  included  in 
the  window  box.  This  is  evergreen  and 
remains  fresh  throughout  the  year,  but 
is  not  always  accessible  on  account  of 
deep  snow.  A  sprig  of  thyme  is  a  de¬ 
sirable  addition  to  the  seasoning  for 
poultry  or  game. 

To  go  into  the  garden  on  the  morn¬ 
ing  after  the  first  hard  frost  of  the  sea¬ 
son  is  somewhat  like  attending  the 
obsequies  of  a  dear  friend.  It  hurts  to 
find  only  shriveled  foliage  in  the  nas¬ 
turtium  bed  and  black  ruin  where 
shone  the  brilliant  plumes  of  scarlet 
sage.  Even  the  Zinnias,  which  appear 
so  hardy,  are  seared  as  though  a  hot 
iron  had  passed  over  them.  They  make 
an  effort  to  put  forth  fresh  buds,  but 
before  these  are  fairly  out  another 
freeze  takes  them.  Then  they  give  it 
up  and  we  give  them  up,  for  packed  in 
the  withered  calyces  is  the  promise  of 
next  season’s  blossoms,  fairer  in  an¬ 
ticipation  than  any  that  have  gone  be¬ 
fore.  After  the  showy  annuals  disap¬ 
pear  we  feel  a  stronger  affection  for 
the  hardy  plants  that  bravely  expand 
their  flowers  in  the  short,  cool  days  of 
Autumn.  First  and  best  are  the  pan¬ 
sies.  They  can  only  be  compared  to  a 
throng  of  gorgeous  tropical  butterflies, 
poised  among  the  brown  leaves  which 
the  old  apple  tree  has  shaken  down 
over  them.  Only  hard  freezing  of  the 
ground  stops  them,  and  in  Spring  they 
are  at  it  again  before  ever  a  tulip  opens 
its  cup.  Boltonias,  which  are  closely 
related  to  our  native  Asters,  hold  their 
snowy  panicles  until  late  October. 
Gaillardias  lift  sunbursts  of  crimson 
and  gold.  The  waxen  blooms  of  Jap¬ 
anese  Anemone  keep  fresh  in  water  for 
weeks  if  cut  as  soon  as  open.  Lastly, 
the  Chrysanthemums  appear,  and  pro¬ 
long  the  life  of  the  garden  throughout 
November.  Sheltered  by  a  high  fence, 
with  their  heads  tucked  under  an  old 
blanket  on  freezing  nights,  they  endure 
until  stern  old  Winter  lets  fall  a  cur¬ 
tain  of  snow  and  so  ends  another  sea¬ 
son  of  work  and  pleasure  in  the  garden. 

_  M.  E.  C. 

It  is  the  outward  distractions  of  life, 
the  examples  of  the  world,  and  the  irre¬ 
sistible  influence  exerted  upon  us  by 
the  current  of  things  which  make  us 
forget  the  wisdom  we  have  acquired 
and  the  principles  we  have  adopted. 
That  is  why  life  is  such  weariness. — 
Henri  Frederic  Amiel. 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  patterns  and  measurements 
desired. 

The  four-gored  skirt  figured  is  one  of 
the  most  popular  models  of  the  season. 
The  panel  may  be  omitted  if  desired. 
The  skirt  is  made  in  four  gores,  but  at 
the  front  and  back  there  are  underlying 
sections  which  form  deep  inverted  plaits. 
These  are  stitched  into  place  at  the  upper 
portion,  but  left  free  for  a  sufficient 


7138  afour  Gored  Skirt, 
22  to  32  waist. 


depth  to  allow  perfect  freedom.  The 
panels  are  separate,  cut  in  one  piece  each. 
The  high  waisted  skirt  can  be  boned  and 
underfaced  or  arranged  over  webbing. 
The  skirt  cut  to  the  natural  waist  line 
is  joined  to  a  belt.  For  the  medium 
size  will  be  required,  for  the  skirt  4[4 
yards  of  material  27  or  36,  3  yards  44 
inches  wide  if  material  has  figure  or 
nap;  3j4  yards  36,  2^4  yards  44  if  ma¬ 
terial  has  neither  figure  nor  nap ;  for 
the  panels  will  be  needed  1]4  yards  of 
material  any  width.  The  width  of  the 
skirt  at  the  lower  edge  is  2-)4  yards  or 
2]4  yards  when  plaits  are  laid.  The 
pattern,  No.  7138,  is  cut  in  sizes  for  a 
22,  24,  26,  28,  30  and  32  inch  waist 
measure.  Price,  10  cents. 

The  small  pictures  include  7174, 
double  breasted  coat  for  misses  and 
small  women,  14,  16  and  18  years. 
7172,  middy  blouse,  34  to  42  bust,  with 
or  without  full  length  opening  at  front, 
with  or  without  shield,  with  long  or 


short  sleeves.  6929,  house  gown  for 
misses  and  small  women,  14,  16  and  18 
years.  7157,  six-gored  skirt,  with  pan¬ 
els  for  misses  and  small  women,  14,  16 
and  18  years.  7162,  girl’s  dress,  8  to  14 
years,  with  collar  that  can  be  made 
square  or  round  at  the  back,  with  high 
or  low  shield.  Price,  10  cents. 


The  Farm  Meat  Supply. 

Hams,  Virginia  Style. — After  the 
meat  has  been  cooled  and  cut  up, 
sprinkle  lightly  with  saltpeter  and  salt 
well,  using  good  fine  salt.  The  third 
day,  lift  and  resalt.  Allow  the  meat  to 
lie  in  salt  for  15  to  20  days  according 
to  temperature  of  weather.  Wash 
thoroughly  and  sprinkle  with  black 
pepper  and  smoke  till  brown.  When 
smoked  wrap  well  in  muslin  bags  and 
keep  in  a  dark  place. 

Plain  Salt  Pork. — Rub  each  piece  of 
meat  with  fine  salt  and  place  in  box  or 
barrel.  Netx  day  make  a  brine  as  fol¬ 
lows  :  For  each  100  pounds  of  meat 
allow  10  pounds  of  salt  and  two  ounces 
of  saltpeter  dissolved  in  four  gallons 
of  boiling  water.  When  brine  has 
cooled  pour  over  the  meat.  Cover  and 
place  sufficient  weight  on  cover  to  keep 
meat  under  brine.  Keep  in  brine  till 
used. 

Farmer’s  Bacon. — Cut  bacon  pieces 
from  the  sides  in  long  strips  and  place 
in  brine  for  one  week.  Remove  from 
brine  and  smoke  slightly. 

Spareribs  for  Summer. — Cook  spare- 
ribs  and  back  bones  while  fresh  as  for 
table  use  and  place  in  oven  and  bake 
till  all  the  water  has  roasted  out  of 
them.  Place  in  stone  jar  and  cover  with 
fresh  lard. 

Weinerwursts. — Allow  one  pound  of 
fat  pork  to  seven  pounds  lean,  and  two 
pounds  of  beef  tenderloin  if  possible. 
Allow  three  ounces  of  salt  and  one  of 
pepper,  sprinkle  over  meat  and  chop. 
Prepare  the  casings  as  for  stuffed  sau¬ 
sage,  using  small  intestines.  Clean  them 
thoroughly  and  soak  over  night  in  lime- 
water.  Drain  off  limewater  and  wash 
again  and  salt  till  wanted;  then  stuff 
them,  tying  every  four  inches. 

Bologna  Sausage. — One  pound  of 
bacon  chopped  well  with  10  pounds 
lean  beef,  running  through  the  mill 
twice.  For  eight  pounds  of  meat  allow 
two  ounces  of  salt  and  one  ounce  of 
pepper.  Mix  meat  and  seasoning  well 
and  stuff  in  casings.  Tie  ends  of  cas¬ 
ings  in  circles  (they  shonld  be  small 
circles)  and  smoke  24  hours  with  green 
hickory  chips.  Then  place  in  rings  in 
boiling  water  and  cook  until  they  rise 
to  top  of  kettle.  Dry  in  the  sun  on 
clean  straw  and  hang  in  cool  place  till 
used.  m.  D.  D. 


DRESS  GALATEA 

It  Pays  To  MaKe  It  Up 


All  the  style  of  pattern  and 
beauty  of  color,  all  the  dur¬ 
ability  possible  to  put  in  a 
wash  fabric  is  in  IRONCLAD, 
the  beautiful  ail-the- 
year- round  galatea 
for  women’s  distinc¬ 
tive  costumes  and 
and  children’s  wear. 
More  than  %  yard 
wide. 

15  cts.  the  yard — a 
little  more  in 
the  West. 

Ask  your  dealer  to 
show  you  the  charm¬ 
ing  French  Effects, 
smart  English 
Welts  and  beauti¬ 
ful  Standard  Pat¬ 
terns,  or  write  us 
for  samples. 

The  Franklin 
Mfg.  Co. 

Mfrs.  of  Famous 
"Moneyworth” 
Fabrics 

126  W.  Fayette  St/1 
Baltimore,  -  Md. 


WE  WILL  SEND  WITHOUT  MONEY 

Cither  thin  Henutifiil  Cluster  of  Puffs  made  of 
Fine  Human  Hair  or  a  22-inch  Switch  of 
lustrous  straight  or  wavy  Unman  Hair. 

Examine  it  and  convince  yourself  that 
it  is  the  biggest  bargain  you  could  get. 
If  satisfactory  remit  $1.60  for  puffs  or  $2 
for  switch.  Otherwise  return  in  10 
days.  Blonde  or  gray  shades  cost  a  little 
more.  Send  sample  of  hair. 

You  can  earn  either  article  free.  Ask  11s 
how  Ask  for  new  free  catalog,  illustrating 
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1080 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


Tested  Cakes. 

Nutmeg  Cake. — Whip  first  separately, 
then  together,  the  yolks  and  whites  of 
three  eggs,  stir  in  a  half  cupful  of  sugar 
and  a  cupful  of  well-sifted  flour;  add 
six  tablespoonfuls  of  boiling  water,  then 
add,  little  by  little,  a  cupful  of  flour  in 
which  has  been  sifted  a  teaspoonful  of 
cream  of  tartar;  another  six  table¬ 
spoonfuls  of  hot  water,  in  one  of  which 
has  been  dissolved  a  half  teaspoonful 
of  soda.  Beat  all  together  for  10  min¬ 
utes,  then  break  into  the  mixture  an¬ 
other  egg.  Lastly,  add  a  third  of  a 
cupful  of  melted  butter  and  a  half  cup¬ 
ful  of  very  finely  chopped  nuts,  and  sea¬ 
son  with  grated  nutmeg.  Bake  in  a 
loaf  tin. 

Poor  Man’s  Fruit  Cake. — This  has  no 
eggs,  but  is  excellent.  One-third  cup  of 
butter,  one  cup  of  yellow  sugar,  two 
cups  of  flour  (whole  wheat  flour  is 
best),  one  cup  of  seeded  raisins  or 
other  fruit,  one  cup  of  sour  milk,  one 
teaspoonful  each  of  powdered  cinna¬ 
mon,  cloves,  allspice  and  one-half  tea¬ 
spoonful  of  soda.  Cream  the  butter, 
add  •sugar,  beat  until  creamy.  Add 
one-half  of  the  flour  (in  which  all  the 
spices  have  been  put)  and  the  raisins 
washed  and  dried.  Mix  well ;  then  add 
your  milk  (in  which  the  soda  has  been 
beaten) ;  lastly,  the  remaining  flour. 
Bake  in  a  moderate  oven  until  a  broom- 
straw  put  in  the  cake  will  come  out  dry. 
If  sweet  milk  is  used,  take  a  little  less, 
and  substitute  one  tablespoonful  of  bak¬ 
ing  powder  for  the  soda,  sifted  in  the 
flour. 

Buttermilk  Cake. — This  is  simple,  but 
good.  One  cup  sugar,  one-half  cup 
butter,  one  cup  buttermilk,  one  egg,  two 
cups  flour,  one-half  teaspoon  soda,  one 
teaspoon  baking  powder  sifted  with 
flour,  one-half  cup  raisins,  one-half  cup 
currants,  one-half  teaspoon  cinnamon, 
one-fourth  teaspoon  each  of  cloves  and 
nutmeg.  Bake  in  loaf. 

Crisp  Cookies. — Half  a  coffee  cupful 
of  butter,  one  cupful  of  sugar,  2 /  cup¬ 
fuls  of  flour,  two  teaspoonfuls  of  bak¬ 
ing  powder,  one  egg,  quarter  of  a  cup¬ 
ful  of  milk,  and  a  very  little  ground 
mace.  Cream  together  the  butter  and 
sugar,  also  adding  the  mace;  then  stir 
the  baking  powder  in  the  flour,  sift  both 
together,  and  add  alternately  with  the 
milk  and  eggs  to  the  butter  and  sugar. 
It  will  form  a  soft  dough.  Thoroughly 
flour  the  pastry-board  and  rolling-pin, 
cut  one-quarter  of  the  dough  and  roll 
it  as  thinly  as  possible,  or  until  it  seems 
almost  transparent.  Cut  the  cakes  with 
a  small  round  biscuit  ring  and  place 
them  on  a  buttered  tin,  scarcely  touch¬ 
ing  each  other.  Bake  them  a  light 
brown  in  a  very  quick  oven. 

Soft  Molasses  Cake. — One  cupful  of 
sugar,  two-thirds  of  a  cupful  of  sour 
cream,  one  cupful  of  New  Orleans  mo¬ 
lasses,  three  eggs  the  grated  rind  of  a 
lemon,  and  one  and  a  third  teaspoon¬ 
fuls  of  sod  i.  If  sour  milk  is  used  in¬ 
stead  of  cream,  use  a  whole  cupful  of 
butter.  This  cake  can  be  flavored  to 
suit,  also  fruit  added,  but  in  all  cases 
it  must  not  be  turned  out  of  the  pan 
until  nearly  cold. 

Ginger  Snaps. — Half  a  cupful  of  but¬ 
ter,  one  cunful  of  sugar,  three  cupfuls 
of  flour,  quarter  of  a  cupful  of  mo¬ 
lasses,  quarter  of  a  cupful  of  milk,  half 
a  teaspoonful  of  ground  ginger,  and 
quarter  of  a  teaspoonful  each  of  cinna¬ 
mon,  mace,  allspice,  cloves,  a  little 
grated  nutmeg,  and  two  teaspoonfuls  of 
baking  powder.  Cream  together  the 
butter  and  sugar  until  light,  add  the 
spice,  then  the  molasses,  mixing  all 
thoroughly.  Sift  the  flour  after  stir¬ 
ring  the  baking  powder  through  it,  and 
add  it  alternately  with  one  egg,  which 
has  been  well  beaten,  and  the  milk. 
The  dough  is  then  to  be  rolled  out  as 
described  for  cookies,  very  thin,  and  cut 
with  a  small  ring,  or  it  may  be  cut  in 
square  cakes,  marking  them  off  with  a 
knife.  Place  them  in  a  buttered  tin, 


not  touching  each  other,  and  bake 
brown  in  a  quick  oven.  They  will  be¬ 
come  crisp  as  soon  as  cool. 

Soft  Hermits. — Cream  half  a  cupful 
of  butter  and  gradually  add  one  cupful  of 
granulated  sugar,  half  a  cupful  of 
seeded  and  chopped  raisins,  two  table¬ 
spoonfuls  of  flour  sifted  with  half  a 
teaspoon ful  each  of  cinnamon,  mace  and 
nutmeg  and  one- fourth  teaspoon  fill  of 
cloves.  Lastly  put  in  two  well-beaten 
eggs,  half  a  cupful  of  milk  and  enough 
flour  sifted  with  two  teaspoonfuls  of 
baking  powder  to  make  a  soft  dough. 
Pat  out  a  small  piece  of  dough  to  the 
thickness  of  half  an  inch  or  less,  cut  in 
rounds  and  bake  in  a  quick  oven. 

The  Puff-Ball  as  a  Table  Delicacy. 

Many  a  family  would  be  glad  to 
avail  itself  of  the  delicious  mushrooms 
of  our  fields  and  woods  if  it  were  not 
for  the  well-founded  fear  of  getting  a 
poisonous  kind.  Such  incidents  as  that 
recently  reported  by  the  Associated 
Press,  of  14  guests  at  a  birthday  din¬ 
ner  dying  from  the  results  of  mush¬ 
room  poisoning,  do  not  tend  to  lessen 
the  fear  of  mistakes,  and  it  is  well  to 
emphasize  that  the  popularly  supposed 
“tests,”  such  as  agreeable  odor,  pink- 
gills,  failure  to  turn  a  silver  spoon 
black,  or  what-not,  are  valueless  and 
dangerous. 


Fortunately  there  is  one  group  of 
edible  fungi  which  cannot  be  mistaken, 
and  which  should  be  much  more  widely 


AN  EDIBLE  PUFF-BALL.  Fig.  443. 


known.  These  are  the  puff-balls,  com¬ 
mon  in  our  fields  and  woods  in  late 
Summer  and  Autumn.  Though  lacking 
the  delicate  flavor  of  some  of  the  fine- 
est  mushrooms,  they  are  fully  equal  to 
many  of  them,  and  properly  prepared 
cannot  be  distinguished  except  by  an 
expert.  While  they  vary  in  edible  quali¬ 
ties,  none  is  poisonous  and  only  very 
small  ones  could  by  any  possibility  be 
mistaken  for  injurious  species.  Very 
small  specimens  it  might  be  possible 
through  the  greatest  carelessness  to 
confuse  with  the  youngest  or  “button” 
stage  of  certain  mushrooms  or  “toad¬ 
stools.”  The  distinguishing  characters 
are  perfectly  obvious,  but  until  you 
know  your  specimen  thoroughly  a  per¬ 
fect  safeguard  is  to  discard  the  very 
small  puff-balls.  Do  not  experiment 
with  specimens  smaller  than  a  hen*s 
egg. 

The  puff-balls  are  so-called  because 
when  ripe  they  are  filled  with  a  mass 
of  dark  brown  spores  which  scatter 
like  powder  when  the  ball  is  handled. 
It  is  only  in  the  immature,  unripe  con¬ 
dition  that  they  are  edible.  At  this 
stage  they  may  be  found  on  the  ground 
as  stalkless,  oval,  rounded,  or  pear- 
shaped  bodies  of  a  chalky-white,  or 
tawny  color,  varying  in  size  from  that 
of  an  egg  or  smaller  up  to  that  of  a 
big  head  of  cabbage  or  even  larger 
(Fig.  434).  They  are  yielding  to  the 
touch,  and  on  cutting  them  open  they 
are  found  to  be  of  a  uniform,  cheese¬ 
like  consistency,  and  in  the  edible  stage, 
of  a  chalk-white  color  throughout.  The 
older  ones,  recognized  by  a  yellowish 
or  darker  tinge  of  the  interior,  must  be 
discarded.  Puff-balls  may  be  cooked 
in  a  variety  of  ways.  In  any  case  they 
should  be  carefully  peeled  and  any 


wormy  parts  thrown  away.  The  fol¬ 
lowing  recipes  are  some  of  the  most 
popular  ways  of  preparing  them. 

Fried  Puff-ball. — Peel  and  cut  in 
slices  one-third  inch  thick,  salt  anc 
pepper  and  fry  in  butter  till  nicely 
browned.  Or,  peel  and  cut  in  slices 
one-tnird  inch  thick,  dip  in  beaten  yolk 
of  egg  and  fry  in  butter. 

Creamed  Puff-ball. — Turn  one  quart 
of  carefully  peeled  and  diced  puff-ball 
into  two  tablespoons  of  hot  butter,  salt 
and  pepper  and  stir  until  slightly 
browned.  Stir  together  two  tablespoons 
flour  and  one  cup  milk  and  add  to 
puff-1  a.  and  allow  to  boil  up  thor¬ 
oughly.  Serve  on  hot  buttered  toast. 

Escalloped  Puff-ball.— Line  a  bake 
dish  with  bread  or  cracker  crumbs,  add 
a  thick  layer  of  diced  puff-ball  and  a 
layer  of  rich  white  sauce.  Repeat  until 
dish  is  full,  having  a  layer  of  crumbs 
on  top.  Bake  in  moderate  oven  one- 
half  hour. 

Smothered  Puff-ball.— Line  a  bake 
dish  with  mashed  potatoes,  fill  up  the 
dish  with  creamed  puff-ball,  cover  over 
the  top  with  a  good  layer  of  mashed 
potatoes  and  bake  in  moderate  oven  for 
20  minutes.  mae  f.  riley. 

Treatment  for  Falling  Hair. 

Can  you  toll  me  what  to  do  for  falling 
hair  in  an  18-yoar-old  girl?  For  several 
months  the  hair  has  come  out  every  time  it 
is  comhed  and  now  is  very  thin.  There 
ddes  not  appear  to  bo  any  dandruff  and  the 
hair  looks  greasy.  e.  f. 

Where  a  young  girl’s  hair  falls  badly 
we  should  try  to  learn,  %first,  whether 
the  general  health  was  good.  Poor 
nutrition  or  anaemia,  such  as  occurs 
sometimes  in  the  case  of  a  girl  making 
growth  rapidly,  is  usually  accompanied 
by  a  poor  condition  of  the  hair,  and 
this  is  especially  marked  where  hard 
study  causes  nervous  strain.  A  dull 
and  lifeless  appearance  of  the  hair  is 
often  noted  in  cases  of  worry  or  ner¬ 
vous  anxiety,  and  sometimes  a  con¬ 
scientious  student  worries  in  a  way 
hardly  suspected  by  her  elders.  Open 
air  exercise  without  a  hat  (but  not  in 
the  burning  heat  of  Summer)  gives 
the  hair  a  chance.  The  whole  scalp 
should  be  carefully  massaged  with  the 
tips  of  the  fingers  every  day,  gently  rub¬ 
bing  and  pinching  up  the  skin.  You 
will  probably  find  that  the  skin  seems 
very  tight  upon  the  skull,  which  the 
professionals  say  is  a  sign  of  poor  cir¬ 
culation,  but  there  is  no  doubt  this 
treatment  improves  the  circulation,  and. 
thus  brings  nourishment  to  the  hair. 
After  this  brush  the  hair  very  carefully 
with  long  even  strokes ;  the  old-fash¬ 
ioned  rule  was  to  part  the  hair  and 
give  50  strokes  on  each  side.  Twice  a 
week  rub  in  red  vaseline  and  quinine 
pomade,  sold  by  all  druggists.  You  will 
say  the  hair  is  already  oily,  but  you  do 
not  rub  it  on  the  hair;  take  a  little 
on  the  finger,  or  on  a  bit  of  soft  flannel, 
and,  parting  the  hair,  rub  it  thoroughly 
into  the  scalp.  Once  a  week  you  could 
alternate  the  vaseline  with  'bay  rum  and 
Peruvian  bark.  Add  one  ounce  of  pow¬ 
dered  Peruvian  bark  to  half  a  pint  of 
bay  rum;  let  stand  10  days,  shaking  at 
intervals;  then  let  it  settle,  pour  off  the 
clear  bay  rum,  add  another  half  pint  of 
bay  rum,  and  use  rubbed  on  the  scalp, 
not  on  the  hair,  like  the  vaseline.  With 
these  tonics,  the  massage,  and  careful 
attention  to  the  general  health,  the 
trouble  should  be  removed,  so  long  as 
there  is  no  disease  of  the  scalp  calling 
for  special  treatment.  Some  serious 
forms  of  indigestion  affect  the  hair  very 
badly;  we  have  known  actual  baldness 
to  result  from  complicated  gastric 
trouble,  but  in  the  case  of  a  young  girl 
it  is  probable  that  the  simple  treatment 

suggested  will  be  entirely  satisfactory. 
Tincture  of  cantharides  (Spanish  fly) 
is  much  used  in  hair  tonics,  and  a  fam¬ 
ily  physician  should  be  able  to  give  a 
suitable  prescription  for  its  use;  it  is 
very  stimulating. 


November  4, 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Thh 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Let  Us  Do 

YourWashin$ 
One  Month 


We  will  prove  to  you,  right  in  your 
own  home,  that  the  EASY  Vacuum 
Washer  will  do  your  washing  easier 
and  cheaper  than  any  other  machine. 

We  will  do  this  absolutely  without  risk  or 
expense  to  you,  sending  our  wonderful  EASY 
washing  machine  on  thirty  days'  trial.  Then 
if  you  do  not  want  to  purchase  it,  we  will  take 
it  back  and  pay  the  railway  charges. 

“  We  have  tried  many  washing  ma¬ 
chines,  but  the  EASY  beats  them  all. 

We  would  not  be  without  it  now. 
Enclosed  find  payment.” 

Will  A.  Morris 
633  Twelfth  St.,  Washington. 

¥7  A  C  V  vacuum 

£  WASHER 

Washes  Clothes  by  Air 

Other  washers  have  teeth  that  grind  the 
clothes,  tearing  and  wearing  them  out. 

The  EASY  has  no  teeth— 
it  does  not  grind  or  pull 
the  clothes  in  any  way. 

Instead,  the  air  chamber 
creates  a  suction,  and  the 
water  is  agitated  by  the  air 
pressure,  pumping  rich  suds 
through  and  through  the 
fabric.  The  EASY  will 
wash  anything  —  from 
laces  to  blankets — 
without  the  slightest 
injury. 


If  you  only 
knew  how  much 
this  wonderful 
machine  would 
save  you  in  time 
and  work  — how 
much  longer  it 
would  make  your 
clothes  last— you 
wouldn’t  keep 
house  without  it. 
Write  today  to 

DODGE  &  ZUILL 
R.  I. 

Syracuse  N.  Y. 


POMMEL  SLICKER 

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So  satisfactory  in  eoerp 
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BOSTON. 

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G4I I 


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and  Guaranteed  by  the  Manufacturer 

You  can  buy  a  Gold  Coin  Stove  from  us  ♦  &  to 
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prices.  We  pay  freight; 
safe  delivery  insured, 
polished  and  all  ready 
to  set  up. 

“Satisfaction  or  your 
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within  1  year” 
is  our  written 
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Free  Catalog 
—Illustrates 
all  our  Stoves. 
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gas.  Brilliant  500  candle  power  light. 

, —Casts  no  shadow.  Costs  2  cents  per 
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wanted.  W rite  for  catalog. 

THE  BEST  LIGHT  CO. 

401  E.  5th  St.,  Canton,  O. 


FUMA 


kills  Prairie  Dogs, 
m  “  “  Woodchucks,  Gophers, 

and  Grain  Insects. 
“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

Ewith  “Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  are  doing. 

EDWARD  K.  TAYJLOK,  Penn  Van,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


1081 


Town  and  Country  Comparisons. 

I  took  the  Little  One  to  town  the 
other  day,  and  if  the  trip  benefited  her 
as  much  as  it  did  me,  I  am  glad  that 
I  did  take  her.  I  never  spend  a  day 
in  town  that  I  am  not  glad  there  is 
a  home  for  me  in  the  country.  The 
Little  One’s  actions  and  comments  were 
quite  amusing.  She  ambled  along,  quite 
unconscious  that  it  was  ever  necessary 
to  step  quickly  or  carefully  to  avoid  col¬ 
lision.  She  thought  she  was  surely 
safe  if  she  kept  on  the  “walkin’  ”  and 
did  not  venture  alone  on  the„  “trottin’.” 

It  was  a  great  delight  to  find  Old 
Santa  upon  a  pedestal  quite  befitting 
(Garfield’s  monument),  and  a  peanut 
roaster  was  to  her  a  “baby”  thrashing 
machine.  The  funniest  thing  of  all  was 
the  number  and  variety  of  horses,  al¬ 
though  the  sight  of  a  bob-tailed  horse 
quite  brought  tears  to  her  eyes,  for,  she 
questioned,  “Now  what  he  goin’  do  ’bout 
switchin’  flies?” 

When  the  shopping  was  done  and  we 
wandered  away  from  the  business  sec¬ 
tion,  she  gave  a  grateful  sigh  and  said 
to  herself,  “It’s  so  nice  and  quiet  here.” 
My  trips  to  the  city  do  not  occur  very 
frequently  and  I  try  to  manage  to  make 
one  call  each  time  upon  old  friends. 
This  time  we  went  to  see  the  doctor’s 
wife.  The  doctor  is  a  specialist  of 
some  renown,  now,  and  the  establish¬ 
ment  which  is  their  home  has  increased 
in  size  and  complexity  as  his  success 
has  warranted.  I  hesitated  to  stop 
only  for  an  hour,  for  I  have  some  idea 
of  the  demands  upon  her  time,  but  I 
ventured,  and  her  welcome  was  just 
as  cheery  as  ever.  She  assured  me 
that  I  had  chosen  a  most  suitable  day, 
as  she  was  really  at  leisure. 

Leisure?  It  seemed  to  me  what  I 
had  called  my  cares  were  nothing  com¬ 
pared  to  the  perplexities  this  little 
woman  has  to  face.  She  is  well  edu¬ 
cated  and  strong,  and  seems  quite  un¬ 
able  to  deny  herself  to  any  movement 
that  interests  her.  She  is  actively  in¬ 
terested  in  the  movement  for  child 
welfare,  makes  and  writes  addresses  on 
the  subject,  attends  meetings  and  con¬ 
ventions,  but  she  admitted  that  she  was 
always  too  tired  to  undress  her  children 
at  night. 

“You  see  those  wrinkles,”  she  said. 
“That  is  the  servant  question.  We  are 
obliged  to  keep  four  now,  and  Doctor 
feels  the  expense,  too.  But  it  does  not 
pay  for  me  to  economize  on  that  line, 
for  then  I  am  always  so  miserably 
overworked  that  the  whole  household 
is  affected.. 

“For,”  she  continued,  “you  know 
housework  is  to  me  a  double  tax.  It 
is  not  alone  the  physical  effect  of  hard 
work,  but  I  labor  under  a  rebellious 
state  of  mind  as  well.”  Poor  woman, 

I  know  what  that  means;  it  is  simply 
inexperience,  with  consequent  poor  re¬ 
sults. 

Then  she  took  me  over  her  house. 

I  saw  the  gas  range,  electric  cleaner, 
electric  irons,  and  all  the  devices  to 
make  work  easier  for  the  servants.  As 
we  passed  through  the  dining  room, 
with  its  polished  mahogany  and  fine 
china,  she  turned  and  said,  as  if  she 
were  speaking  to  her  old  life :  “But 
th  ~e  is  not  the  comfort  here  that  you 
have  in  the  morning,  with  Little  Sister 
baking  and  bringing  in  the  hot  cakes, 
and  father  nearly  always  present.” 
Then  she  went  on :  “I  undertook  to 
give  Dot  some  cooking  lessons,  but  it 
was  a  failure.  The  cook  showed  very 
plainly  her  irritation  at  our  intrusion 
and  afterward  told  the  clrld  that  no 
‘lady’  bothered  in  the  kitchen. 

“Then,  there’s  the  Boy.  He  is  old 
enough  to  work  and  learn  that  life  is 
a  bundle  of  responsibilities,  but  there 
is  nothing  suitable  for  him  to  do.”  I 
do  not  think  she  would  have  said  all 
this  to  others  in  her  circle  of  friends, 


but  I  am  a  relic  of  the  old  days,  when 
they  lived  in  rooms  and  ate  their  meals 
from  an  ordinary  kitchen  table.  Then, 
it  seemed  that  I  had  found  her  in  a 
self-critical  frame  of  mind. 

She  read  me  a  letter  from  the  pro¬ 
fessor’s  wife  in  my  own  village,  in 
which  the  delightful  souls  in  our  com¬ 
munity  were  spoken  of  as  “so  contented 
with  everything,  thinking  the  natural 
beauty  which  surrounds  them  sufficient 
excuse  for  their  complaisance,  as  if 
Nature  itself  were  of  their  own  mak¬ 
ing.  And  so  few  of  them  in  any  de¬ 
gree  understand  the  workings  of  Na¬ 
ture.”  Ah,  my  friend,  we  may  not 
have  the  time  nor  the  inclination  for 
note-taking  or  research,  but  my  sun- 
bonneted  girl  and  overalled  boy  are 
daily  learning  of  life  and  eternity.  At 
work,  they  learn  of  the  moral  and  ma¬ 
terial  effect  of  system  and  industry ;  at 
rest,  they  learn  to  love  the  twilight, 
the  stillness  and  the  hearthstone.  From 
the  dumb  animals  they  learn  patience 
and  endurance ;  of  the  song-birds,  hope 
and  cheer.  And  in  the  seed-time  and 
harvest  are  the  lessons  of  life  unfolded. 
Many  of  the  graces  acquired  by  more 
leisure  may  be  lacking,  but  we  try  daily 
to  acquire  graciousness  of  heart ;  and 
while  we  may  not  know  of  their  species 
or  retreats,  we  are  indeed  grateful  to 
the  little  warblers  who  sing  their 
choicest  anthems  at  our  very  doors. 

I  am  glad  that  there  are  so  many 


women  in  the  world  fitted  for  a  broader 
work  than  mine,  women  who  have  busi¬ 
ness  faculty,  women  who  may  assist  in 
social  betterment,  and  in  the  cause  of 
science.  But  I  say  it  does  me  good  to 
go  to  town.  I  find  that  I  am  not  the 
only  busy  woman  or  tired  woman,  or 
perplexed  woman  in  the  world,  and  so 
many  have  fewer  compensations  than  I. 
The  big  heater  in  the  old  living-room 
looks  mighty  cheerful  compared  to  iron 
pipes,  and  many  tilings  might  be  a  great 
deal  worse.  So  I  put  the  Little  One  in 
her  bed,  and  turn  to  the  pile  of  ac¬ 
cumulated  dishes  with  a  new  zest,  and  1 
decide  that  while  the  performance  of 
my  duties  may  be  work,  I  shall  not  call 
it  toil,  and  it  may  be  still  better  to  call 
it  fulfillment.  l.  s. 


Meat  Scallops. — This  is  a  Scotch  re¬ 
cipe.  Half  a  pound  of  any  kind  of  cold 
meat,  one  ounce  of  butter,  half  an  ounce 
of  flour,  half  a  pint  of  gravy,  sauce  or 
stock,  a  teaspo^nful  of  chopped  parsley, 
a  teaspoonful  of  chopped  onion,  salt, 
pepper  and  nutmeg  to  taste.  Well  butter 
some  scallop  shells  or  ramikins;  chop 
the  meat  fine;  melt  half  the  butter  in 
a  small  pan,  stir  in  the  flour,  then  add 
the  stock  or  gravy.  Stir  this  over  the 
fire  until  it  boils ;  season  it  carefully, 
and  add  enough  of  it  to  the  meat  to 
moisten  it  well.  Now  stir  in  the 
chopped  parsley  and  onion.  Place  the 
mixture  into  the  buttered  shells,  shake 
a  good  layer  of  browned  crumbs  over 
the  top  of  each.  Put  the  shells  on  a 
baking  tin  in  the  oven  till  the  mixture 
is  hot  through,  then  serve. 


“It’s  (he  Finest  Fish  I  Ever  Saw 


H 


Food  with 

the  Ocean 
Taste 


From 
Ocean  to 
Consumer 


That  is  what  every 
one  says  of  our 

Nabott 
Brand 

of  Absolutely 
Boneless  Georges 

CODFISH 


It  is  the  choicest  se¬ 
lection  of  the  catch,  cut 
into  thick,  white,  flaky  pieces,  all 
bones  removed. 

4-lb.  box,  $1.00  (5-lb.  box,  $1.20;  10-lb. 
box,  $2.35)  delivered  anywhere  in  the  im¬ 
mediate  confines  of  the  United  States  and 
at  residences  where  express  companies 
make  such  deliveries. 

Send  for  price-list  of  all  sorts  of  salt¬ 
water  products  of  the  highest  quality. 

CONSUMERS  FISH  COMPANY 
61  Commercial  St.,  Gloucester,  Mass. 


T  YOUR  IDEAS 


,500  offered  for  one  invention. 
Book  “How  to  Obtain  a  Patent*’  and 
“What  to  Invent"  sent  free.  Send  rough 
Sketch  for  free  report  as  to  patentability. 
Patents  advertised  for  sale  at  our  ex- 
penso  in  Manufacturers.  Journals. 

Patent  Obtained  or  Fee  Returned 
CHANDLEE  &  CHANOLEE.  Patent  Atl’ys 

Established  10  Years 


BE  THANK-FULL 

LOR  THIS  CHEER-FULL,  HELP-FULL,  MONEY-SAVING  MESSAGE 


Perhaps  you  are  among  the  host  of  good  people  who 
are  saying  at  this  season,  “Yes,  we  have  a  lot  to  be 
thankful  for,  but  I  would  be  mighty  thankful  if  it  didn’t 
cost  so  much  to  live.  Everything  is  so  high  I  hardly 
see  what  we  shall  do,  another  year.” 

We  have  a  message  for  every  man  and  woman  who 
is  in  this  frame  of  mind.  We  can  and  will  solve  this 
problem  for  you  if  you  will  let  us.  We  have  solved  it 
for  over  2,000,000  delighted  and  satisfied  customers. 

Let  us  clothe  you,  feed  you,  furnish  your  home  and, 
in  fact,  supply  your  every  need  during  the  next  year. 
We  will  do  this  and  save  you  from  twenty  to  fifty  per 
cent  on  everything  you  buy.  On  next  Thanksgiving  Day 
(and  probably  this  Thanksgiving  Day,  if  you  hurry)  as 
you  carve  the  turkey  and  the  luscious  aroma  of  freshly 
baked  pumpkin  pies  reaches  you  from  a  busy  kitchen, 
you  will  wear  that  “smile  that  won’t  come  off.” 


The  careful  house¬ 
wife  can  economize 
on  her  groceries  and 
still  get  the  best  and 
purest  supplies.  Our 
spotless  grocery  de¬ 
partment  contains 
only  the  very  best  and 
purest  goods.  You 
can  buy  all  your  gro¬ 
ceries  here  for  two- 
thirds  of  the  amount 
you  are  now  paying. 
Write  now  for  Book 
No.  11— the  grocery 
book. 


Madam,  thisfashion 
book  will  interest  you. 
Your  copy  is  here 
waiting  for  you.  All 
the  new  fall  and  win¬ 
ter  styles  are  shown 
and  the  low  prices 
quoted  will  surprise 
you.  Send  for  this 
book  before  you  buy 
your  winter  outfit.  It, 
is  book  No.  30. 


Every  man  needs  a 
good,  serviceable  win¬ 
ter  suit  and  perhaps 
an  overcoat.  Our  cat¬ 
alogue  33  is  the  book 
that  you  must  see. 
Whether  you  prefer 
ready-made  or  made- 
to-your-measure 
clothing,  we  will 
please  you  and  save 
you  money. 


Your  Hardest  Problem  Solved 


Your  old,  troublesome  problem  of  “high  cost  of 
living”  is  successfully  solved,  and  a  peep  at  your  bank 
book  will  show  you  that  all  we  say  about  saving  you 
money  is  the  truest  message  you  ever  read. 

Start  in  right  now  to  save.  Pick  out  the  books 
from  the  list  below,  that  interest  you.  We  want  you.  to 
have  them,  absolutely  free  of  any  cost  to  you. 

CHECK  THE  BOOKS  THAT  WILL  HELP  YOU  SAVE 

Let  us  show  you.  free  of  all  cost,  how  you  can  save  money  on 
everything  you  buy  to  eat  or  wear  or  iise  In  any  way. 


r 


n 


Montgomery  Ward  &  Co. 

19th  and  Campbell  Sts.  Chicago  Avenue  Bridge 

■  KANSAS  CITY  CHICAGO  . 

Please  send  to  my  address  below  the  books  I  have  checked  absolutely  free  cif  cost.  ■ 


I 


Paints 
Pianos 
Organs 
Trunks 
Roofing 
Vehicles 
Furniture 

8  Incubators 

9  Wall  Paper 

10  Typewriters 

1 1  Grocery  List 

12  Feed  Cookers 


13  Tank  Heaters 

14  Wire  Fencing 

15  Carpets,  Rugs 

16  Building  Plans 

17  Baby  Carriages 

18  Men’s  Fur  Coats 

19  Sewing  Machines 

20  Gasoline  Engines 

21  Cream  Separators 

22  Building  Material 

23  Stoves  and  Ranges 

24  Underwear  Samples 


25  Automobile  Supplies 

26  Bicycles — Motorcycles 

27  Baby’s  Dress  and  Toilet 

28  Women’s  Tailored  Suits 

29  Circular  and  Drag  Saws 

30  Women’s  Fashion  Book 

31  Rain  Coats,  Rubber  Coats,  etc. 

32  Tombstones  and  Monuments 

33  Men’s  Clothing 

34  Women’s  Furs 

35  Dry  Goods  36  Muslin  Un- 

37  Millie 


1 


llinery 


derwear 


Name . Town. 


I  R.  F.  D.  or  Street  No. . State . I 

|  is?  SEND  COUPON  TO  THE  NEARER  ADDRESS 

MONTGOMERY  WARD  &  CO. 


Our  enormous  fur¬ 
niture  business  en¬ 
ables  us  to  offer  the 
most  unusual  values. 
Whatever  your  needs 
may  be— from  a  ma¬ 
hogany  dresser  to  a 
kitchen  table— we  can 
supply  you  and  save 
you  money.  You 
should  have  our  fur¬ 
niture  book.  Book 
No.  7. 


Mothers,  you  sim¬ 
ply  must  see  this 
Baby  Book.  It  is 
overflowing  with  the 
sweetest,  daintiest 
requisites  for  baby 
that  you  ever  saw. 

No  matter  what 
you  want  to  pay,  this 
book,  book  No.  27, 
will  solve  your  prob¬ 
lem. 


CARPETS  AND  RUGS 

Carpets  and  rugs 
are  a  specialty  with 
us.  We  are  in  con¬ 
stant  touch  with  all 
the  sources  of  supply 
and  snap  up  every 
bargain  that  will  en¬ 
able  us  to  offer  you 
the  finest  qualities  at 
the  lowest  prices. 
Book  No.  15. 


19th  and  Campbell  Sts. 
KANSAS  CITY 


Chicago  Avenue  Bridge 
CHICAGO 


WOMEN’S  FURS 

For  Church,  Social 
Gatherings,  and 
everyday  wear  this 
winter  you  will  want 
stylish,  serviceable 
furs.  Our  Women’s 
Fur  Book  shows  you 
some  of  the  prettiest, 
most  attractive  furs 
you  ever  saw,  the 
kind  you  are  always 
glad  to  wear  and 
proud  to  show  your 
friends.  Send  for 
book  No.  34. 


1082 


THE  RURAI>  NEW-YORKER 


October  28, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

NO  ANGORA  GOATS  FOR  MAINE. 

On  page  1002  you  published  an  ar¬ 
ticle  concerning  Angora  goats,  and 
while  in  New  Jersey  they  may  be  very 
profitable,  I  would  like  you  to  state 
that  they  are  not  adapted  to  New  Eng¬ 
land  climate.  We  have  given  them  a 
thorough  trial  in  this  section  and  the 
A  ''inter  is  too  severe  for  them.  The 
chief  reason  I  ask  you  to  publish  this 
is,  I  wish  people  to  have  correct  infor¬ 
mation.  In  Maine  we  have  no  money 
to  waste  and  we  desire  that  our  farm¬ 
ers  should  increase  their  holdings  rather 
than  diminish  them  on  animals  that  are 
sure  to  be  a  loss  in  the  section  wher¬ 
ever  they  are  kept.  A  flock  of  Angora 
goats  will  average  to  shear  from  three 
to  four  pounds  of  mohair,  but  nearer 
three  than  four,  and  it  brings  from  30 
to  40  cents  per  pound.  The  flesh  can¬ 
not  be  sold  in  our  markets  unless  the 
purchaser  is  deceived  and  made  to  think 
it  is  lamb  or  mutton.  It  costs  about 
$3  per  head  to  Winter  them.  Several 
farmers  in  this  section  formerly  kept 
Angora  goats,  and  never  one  of  them 
was  combative  enough  to  drive  away 
any  vicious  dog.  We  found  two  dogs 
in  our  pasture  one  morning  and  the 
dead  and  dying  goats  were  scattered 
from  one  end  of  the  pasture  to  the 
other.  A  hen  with  young  chickens  will 
attack  a  dog,  so  an  Angora  goat  with  a 
very  young  kid  will  do  the  same,  but 
if  the  kid  is  a  few  months  old,  or  per¬ 
haps  a  few  weeks  old,  Angora  goats 
would  not  attack  dogs  with  us.  If 
brush  grows  in  the  pasture  it  is  very 
much  cheaper  to  hire  a  good  man  to 
cut  it  out  with  an  ax  or  mattock.  It 
is  surprising  how  much  an  industrious 
man  will  accomolish  in  one  day  in  a 
brush  pasture.  T.  henry  rines. 

Maine. 


Dutch  Belted  Cattle. — The  cow 
shown  at  Fig.  429  (page  1067)  is  a  good 
specimen  of  the  “Belted”  breed.  These 
beautiful  cattle  are  in  great  demand, 
for,  aside  from  their  striking  color  and 
markings,  they  grow  to  good  size  and 
make  good  dairy  cows.  No  more  at¬ 
tractive  sight  could  be  thought  of  than 
a  herd  of  these  white-belted  animals  on 
a  green  pasture.  It  has  been  said  that 
the  cows  have  been  selected  for  correct 
color  markings  so  long  that  the  quality 
has  not  kept  pace  with  other  breeds. 
This  is  not  correct,  for  many  “Belted” 

cows  have  made  great  records  for  both 
milk  and  butter. 


Killing  Dorset’s  Horns. 

Has  anyone  ever  killed  the  horn  on 
Dorset  lambs  before  it  got  started?  If  so 
With  what  results?  F.  c.  v. 

Virginia. 

Although  I  have  found  the  horn  growth 
of  Dorset  lambs  against  them  to  some 
degree  in  marketing,  I  have  still  to  hear 
of  anyone  practicing  their  removal  by  burn¬ 
ing  with  the  usual  caustics.  Whether  it 
is  unsuccessful  or  not  worth  the  trouble  I 
cannot  positively  say.  One  breeder  whose 
opinion  I  asked  seemed  to  think  it  prac¬ 
ticable  to  treat  them  as  young  calves  are 
treated,  but  that  care  must  be  used  not  to 
burn  the  head.  Even  then  the  resulting 
soreness  might  retard  the  lamb’s  growth 
and  offset  the  advantage.  Anyhow  I  shall 
try  it  on  one  or  two  and  report  results 
later.  r.  b. 


Oxen  and  Horse  Team. 

Passengers  along  the  main  line  of  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railroad  in  Michigan  have 
lately  been  much  surprised  and  amused  to 
see  a  farmer  plowing  some  rather  heavy 
soil  with  two  oxen  and  a  horse,  all  three 
side  by  side,  upon  a  three-horse  evener. 
The  plowman  is  a  graduate  of  Olivet  Col¬ 
lege,  and  the  place  is  about  three  miles 
from  the  college,  along  the  railroad.  I 
personally  vouch  for  the  accuracy  of  this. 
Will  you  throw  it  into  the  hopper  of  your 
valuable  paper?  a.  m.  v. 

Here  it  is  in  the  hopper.  Very  likely 
that  plowman  is  a  reader  of  The  It.  N.-Y., 
and  he  can  grind  the  story  up  fine  and  tell 
us  why  he  works  the  horse  with  the  oxen. 
No  doubt  he  has  some  good  reason  for  it. 


We  do  not  criticize  any  man’s  operations 
simply  because  they  are  different  from  our 
own. 


At  two  important  live  stock  markets, 
Omaha,  Neb.,  and  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  receipts 
of  beef  on  the  hoof,  October  2,  were  the 
largest  on  record.  Omaha  got  G18  cars, 
16,553  cattle,  and  St.  Paul  17,217  cattle. 

The  United  States  Consul  to  China  re¬ 
ports  some  strange  live  stock  keeping : 
“In  Taochow  our  correspondent  saw  some 
strange  industries.  One  was  the  keeping  of 
large  stags,  as  big  as  a  fair-sized  horse, 
reared  for  the  sake  of  their  horns,  which 
are  cut  off  every  Summer  and  sold  for  as 
much  as  .$35  gold  for  use  as  medicine.  The 
horn  is  soft,  and  the  softer  it  is  when 
removed  the  higher  the  price  realized.  The 
other  was  the  raising  of  the  machi,  a  sort 
of  large  pheasant,  the  tail  feathers  of  which 
are  very  valuable  as  they  are  needed  for 
the  dress  hats  of  mandarins.” 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


H  OliSES 


GREAT 

ANNUAL 

AUTUMN 

SALE! 


TO  BE  HEED  AT  THE  NOTED 

SHARON  VALLEY  STOCK  FARM,  Newark,  Okie 
On  Friday  and  Saturday,  Dec.  8th  and  9th,  1911 

inn  Belgian’ Percheron  &  German  inn 
IUU  Coach  Stallions  and  Mares  IUU 

Mares  have  all  been  bred,  both  Belgian  and  Per¬ 
cheron,  to  the  very  best  stallions  of  the  land.  A 
large  per  cent  of  these  mares  have  been  carefully 
mated,  and  anyone  lucky  enough  to  get  a  pair  of 
them  has  a  fortune  in  his  hand  if  properly  taken 
care  of.  These  mares  run  in  age  2  and  3  years  old, 
colors— bays,  blacks,  greys  and  chestnuts,  weighing 
from  1500  to  1800  lbs.  each. 

It  is  to  the  interest  of  every  prosperous  man  to 
attend  this  sale.  Bad  weather  makes  no  interfer¬ 
ence,  as  the  sale  is.held  in  the  barn.  SIXTY  head 
of  these  mares  will  arrive  just  four  days  before 
this  sale.  Terms  will  be  known  on  day  of  sale. 
Send  6  cents  and  get  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

The  Sharon  Valley  Stock  Farm  is  so  well  and 
favorably  known  for  good  stallions  and  mares, 
with  fair  dealings,  that  any  further  comments  are 
useless  to  say  to  the  people. 

Free  conveyances  to  and  from  the  farm. 

Do  not  fail  to  come  and  bring  your  friends. 

COL.  GEO.  W.  CR  WFORD 
Proprietor  of  Sharon  Valley  Stock  Farm,  NEWARK,  OHIO 
F.  W.  ANDREWS,  Auctioneer. 

Both  Phones — Citizens  1252;  Bell  651  W. 

FOR  saee 

ONE  MARE  WS,  Tr  TWO  COLTS 

L.EON  SAGE,  Crown  Point,  N.  Y. 


Having:  Just  Arrived  from  tlie  New 
York  State  Fair  with  a  Dot  of 

PREMIUM  HORSES 

We  are  now  ready  for  business  at  prices  never 
heard  of  before.  We  have  both  Imported  and 
Home-Bred  Registered 

PERCHERONS  ONLY 

Prices— $350  to  $750  on  Mares,  according 
to  age,  weight  and  size. 
Stallions  from  $500  to  $2,000. 

These  prices  include  the  Great  Stallion  NOGEN- 
TAIS,  winning  first  with  three  of  his  get;  also  the 
5-year-old  Staliion  ltOULE,  winning  the  4-year-old 
and  over  class  with  14  animals  in  tlio  ring. 

We  have  on  hand  in  all  about  SIXTY  HEAD 
Don’t  wait  to  write— come  and  see  us  at  once.  No 
peaches  and  cream,  but  plenty  of  plums,  and  plumb 
good  ones. 

D.  J.  GRINDELL,  Kenton,  Ohio 


POMES— Spotted  &  solid  colors.  Brood  mares.  Best  paying 
stock  kept  on  farm.  Sherman  Sanford,  Seymour,  Conn. 


Percheron  and  Beloian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
at  farmers’  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O, 


S  II  3D  E 


1 


CHEEP  BREEDERS— If  you  are  interested  in  high-class 
v  sheep  breeding  or  goat  breeding  vou  should  ad¬ 
dress  THE  SHEPHERD’S  JOURNAL,  17  N.  La 
Salle  Street,  Chicago,  Ill.,  for  a  free  sample  copy 
of  this  beautiful  journal. 


FOR  SALE— Choice  pure-bred  Rams— Shropshires, 
Hampshires  and  Southdowns  (yearlings  &  lambs) 
at  prices  in  accordance  to  the  times.  Correspond¬ 
ence  invited.  C.  0.  Pattridge,  Cold  Sprino  Farm.  Perry,  N.Y. 


HIGHI  AND  FARM  0ffers  some  choice 

lUUULnnU  1  niuu  Shropshires— yearlings 
and  lambs  of  either  sex.  Bred  for  type  and 
quality.  W.  F.  BLACK,  HALL,  N.  Y. 


0f|  Registered  Shropshire  EWES  for  sale.  Also 
JU  yearling  RAMS.  II.  B.  Covert,  Lodi,  N.  Y. 

RAMS  FOR  Q  A  I  p— Registered  Shropshire 

lVAViTlD  I  UIY  O/VLifL  yearlings  and  two-year- 
olds.  Also,  one  four-year-old  Hanmer  Ram  and 
some  nice  Ram  Lambs.  E.  E.  StevensS  Son, Wilson,  N.Y. 

REGISTERED  SHROPSHIRE  RAMS 

Yeoman.  FRED.  VAN  VLKET,  Lodi,  N.  Y, 

FOR  SALE  aiSL  RAMBOUILLET  RAMS 

J.  P.  TUCK,  Manager,  Elm  Place,  Avon,  N.  Y. 

Snowcroft  Hampshire  Downs 

Never  overfitted ;  always  strong,  healthy  and  vigorous. 
All  shipments  guaranteed  as  described.  Inquire 

DR.  S.  F,  SNOW.  713  University  Block,  SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 


SWINE 


P1IFQTPR  WMITF^— Four  young  sows,  old 
uncdltn  nmito  enough  to  breed  in  Dec. 
for  April  litters.  Price  $20  each,  registered.  Pork 
prices  will  be  high  in  1912.  Also  Two  Boars  and 
Fall  Pigs  for  sale.  Address 

EUGENE  T.  BLACK,  Scio,  New  York. 

loreou  RqH  ^u/ino~ Pigs  10  weeks  old,  $10  per 
JCloCj  riBU  0  W I  lie  pair.  Choice  Males,  nearly 
old  enough  for  service,  $10;  well-bred  stock  and 
good  specimens.  E.  L.  ALBERTSON,  Hope,  N.  J. 

I  ARGE  YORKSHIRE  BOAR,  registered;  18  months  old; 
*■  a  tine  one;  cheap.  H.  W.  MERRIH,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

CHESHIRES^The  long,  deep-bodied,  white  bacon  hog; 

-  prize  winners  at  State  and  county  fair. 

Write  your  wants.  E.  K.  MORSE,  Moravia,  N.  Y. 


SPRINGBANK 


BERKSHIRES.- 


in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  toser- 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Pioprietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


Large  Berkshires  at  Highwood 

Regular  Fall  offering  of  Service  Boars  and 
of  young  Pigs  in  pairs  and  trios,  not  akin. 

B.  C.  &  H.  B.  Harpending,  Dundee,  N.Y. 

OHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
w  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNES.  Oxford,  N.  Y. 

LARGE  —BROOKFIELD  FARM—  YORKSHIRES 

Pigs  of  June  or  August  farrow,  both  sexes,  from 
the  most  improved  t>’pe  and  registered  breeding,  for 
sale  at  $10  each  f.o.o.  Buffalo,  crated  with  registered 
certificate.  W.  Allan  Gardner,  Snyder,  Erie  County,  N.Y. 

M  eadow  Brook  Berkshires 

Grand  Fall  Offering  of  large  and  vigorous  breed¬ 
ers,  both  sexes,  no  akin,  all  ages.  Also  young 
PIGS  in  pairs  and  trios.  This  stock  represents 
English  and  American  best  strain.  Prices  moder¬ 
ate.  Quality  guaranteed.  Your  address  will  secure 
full  description  and  prices.  Address  SUPT., 
Meadow  Brook  Farm,  Bernardsville,  N.  J. 


For  Sale-Registered  Cheshire  Whites 

Six  weeks  old  Sows  and  Barrows,  $7.00  to  $8.00 

Eight .  “  8.00  to  9.00 

Yearling  Sows,  bred  to  onr  celebrated  Boar,  $20  00 
to  $25.00.  G.  JASON  WATERS,  Fair  Acre  Farm, 
R.  F.  D.  42,  Norwalk,  Conn. 


niipnpc  THE  BIG,  DEEP  FELLOWS 

UUnUUO  tli at  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Figs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 


UR0C  PIGS,  SB.  Growthy,  Pedigreed  Angora  kit¬ 
tens,  $3.50  each.  Sereno  Weeks,  DeGraff,  Ohio. 

The  pig  for  a  fancy  trade  in 
fresh  meat,  x-oasters,  sausage 
hams  and  bacon.  Morning- 
side  Farm,  Sylvan ia.  Pa, 

nUCCUIRCC— Both  sex.  All  ages.  The  quality 
uncomnco  herd.  g. e. smith, Castile, n.y. 


D 


CHESHIRES 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  ,  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.Y 


FOR  SALE-FANCY  STOCK 

DUR0C  JERSEY  RED  SWINE  -  DELAINE  MERINO  RAMS 
—  CHICKENS,  GEESE  AND  DUCKS  - 
J.  H.  LEWIS  -  Cadiz,  Ohio,  R.F.I).  2 

FASHIONABLY  BRED  BERKSHIRES 

A  few  Spring  and  Summer-  PTGS  for  sale  at  rea¬ 
sonable  prices.  Dr.  J.  R.  ALLEN,  Orwell,  N.  Y. 

START  RIGHT  Sr,S,T 

HIGH-BRED  BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

Bred  for  Utility  of  the  Best  Strains. 

Write  for  particulars. 

CHERRY  HILL  FRUIT  FARM,  Toboso,  Licking  Co.,  Ohio 


DOGS 


COLLIE  PUPS  Thoroughbred  Cow  Dog  Strain 

UULLIC  ruro  G.  l  CHENEY,  Guilford,  N.  Y. 

Pm  I  If  PUPC— From  imported  stock.  Females 

WGLLIL  I  Ul  Ocheap.  Nelson  Bros.  Grove  City,  Pa. 

H  All N n  PIIPQ— American  Foxhound  and  Beagle 

llUUliU  ruro  Cross.  Ononta  Farm,  Portland,  Conn. 

TRAINFn  flflflN  sku,lk  and  Opossum  Hounds 
IHHmtU  UUU  ll»  on  trial.  Dogs  for  fall  training, 
$8 each;  puppies,  $4.  J.  0.  Stemple,  Ada,  Ohio— R.F.D.  2. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


Milk  Prnrtnrprc  for  New  York  City  market 
1U11K  riuuuoerji  desiring  information  how  to 

jpi-m  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning  Otisville.  N.  Y. 

5  HOLSTEINS 


dale  Herd  of 


are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 

A.  A.  OORTELYOU.  Somerville  N.  J. 


OAKLAND  FARM  HOLSTEINS 

FINE  INDIVIDUALS— LARGE  PRODUCERS 

Choice  YOUNG  BULLS  For  Sale 

Write,  stating  just  what  you  want. 

T.  A.  MITCHELL,  Weeilsport,  N.  Y. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


If 

Young 


WE  HAVE  A  FEW... 

BULLS  FOR  SALE 

THAT  ARE  READY  FOR  SERVICE. 

THEY  ARE  FROM  ADVANCED  REGISTRY 
DAMS,  AND  BY  ONE  OF  THE  BEST  SIRES 
OF  THE  HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN  BREED. 
WE  ARE  SHORT  OF  ROOM  AND  WILL 
MAKE  PRICES  ON  THESE  FELLOWS 
THAT  WILL  SURELY  MOVE  THEM. 

Write  for  Pedigrees  and  Prices. 

WOODCREST  FARM 

RIFTOIM,  N.  Y. 


FAR  <JAI  F-REGISTered  Jerseys-cows 
run  OflLC  HEIFERS  and  young  bulls' 

large  selection;  blue  ribbon  winners;  won  in  butter- 
contests.  Come  and  see  them.  Full  particulars  of 

DAVID  WALLACE,  Supt.  Rumsonhill  Farm,  Fairhaven,  N.  J. 

Breed  Up— Not  DownT.TU-i^S’S 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  It.  F 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


LAUREL  FARM 

nomically  turn  farm  produce  into  money — 
JERSEYS,  and  the  swine  that  do  the  same 
thing— BERKSHIRES.  Which  do  YOU  want  ? 
J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 


i  t. 


Q  UALIT^ 

FOR  SALE-THREE  HIGH  BRED  YOUNG  JERSEY  BULLS,  ALL 
OUT  OF  REGISTER  OF  MERIT  COWS 

Dam  of  No.  1,  8128.3  lbs.  milk  in  286  days, 

_  testing  527  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 

Dam  of  No.  2,  11265.3  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

testing  701  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 
Dam  of  No.  3,  12840.6  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

testing  803  lbs.  8  oz.  blitter 
We  also  have  a  nice  bunch  of  bred  heifers  due  to  calve 
this  Fall  and  early  Winter.  Write  for  description 
ami  prices,  or  better  yet  come  and  see  them,  visitors 
always  welcome.  E.W.  Masher, “Brightside,”  Aurora,  N.Y. 

IDUTCH  BELTED  CATTLE! 


CHAS.  STEWART  DAVISON 
60  Wall  St.,  New  York  City 


Guernseys 

have  proven  them-  f  j  j  i  the  Most  Economical 

selves  ;  I  jjS  Producers  of  Dairy  j 

J&1  Products  of  the 

Highest  QuaJity  and  Best  Color 

The  prepotency  of  the  Guernsey  Bull  or  his 
ability  to  stamp  the  desirable  characteristics  of  the 
breed  on  his  offspring 

Makes  him  most  valuable  for  improving  the 
common  dairy  stock  of  any  section. 


A.  Dairy  of  Grade  Guernseys  will  give  Rich, 
Fine- Flavored,  High-Colored  Milk, 
Cream  and  Butter. 


FURTHER  INFORMATION  REGARDING  THE  GRADE 
GUERNSEYS  BY  ADDRESSING 

The  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club 

Box  R  PETERBORO,  N.  H. 


MEADOW  BROOK  GUERNSEYS 

Several  Bull  Calves  from  one  to  nine  months  old, 
from  clams  and  sires  that  are  prize  winners  and 
large  producers.  If  you  want  quality  and  quantity 
write  us  for  full  particulars.  Address  SUPT., 
Meadow  Brook  Farm,  Bernardsville,  N.  J. 


FLORHAM  GUERNSEYS.... 

Several  Yearling  Bulls  for  sale  at  very  moderate 
prices.  Pedigrees  and  photographs  furnished. 

J.  JL.  HOPE  Madison,  New  Jersey 


READY  FOR  SERVlCE-^SIgg 

DE  KOL  4tii,  registered  show  Holstein,  born 
Dec.  5,  1910.  Nearly  all  white.  Prize  winner  at 
Fall  Fairs.  Price,  $100  f.  o.  b.  Send  for  pedigree. 
CLOVERDALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 


REG.  HOLSTEINS 

Superior  individuals,  deep,  heavy  milkers,  in  fine  con¬ 
dition.  If  you  are  a  dealer,  you  can  please  your  custom¬ 
ers;  if  a  breeder,  or  beginner,  you  can  save  the  middle¬ 
man’s  profit.  Also,  one  of  the  best  bred  male  calves 
in  this  country  and  other  males  at  bargain  prices.  Wi-ite, 
phone,  or  come  and  see  me.  R.  R.  Stations,  Valley  Mills, 
on  O.  &  W.,  Vernon,  Syracuse  &  Utica  Electrics. 

F.  H.  RIVENBURGH,  Hillhurst  Farm,  Munnsville,  N.  Y. 


FOR  SALE:  OUR  ENTIRE  DAIRY 

FIFTY  HIGH-GRADE  HOLSTEIN  COWS 
THIRTY  SPRINGERS  ALSO  THREE 
GRAND  YOUNG  PERCHERON  STALLIONS. 

JONES  BROS . Dayton.  N.  Y. 


SIX  GUERNSEY  BULL  CALVES 

Prices,  Quality  and  Breeding  RIGHT. 

W.  A.  ALEXANDER,  Union  Springs,  N.  Y, 


Purebred  Registered 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

Cows  that  will  convert  the  roughage  of  your  farm 
into  the  best  of  milk,  butter,  veal  and  beef  are  worth 
more  to  you  than  cows  that  are  particular  about 
their  food. 

If  you  sell  your  milk  for  direct  consumption,  or  to  a 
cheese  factory  or  condensary ,  of  course  you  won’t  consider 
any  other  breed.  When  it  comes  to  butter,  bear  in  mind 
that  the  separator  shows  that  the  Holstein  Cow  still  leads. 
If  you  have  any  young  stock,  you  need  all  the  extra  skim 
milk.  You  ought  to  know  what  the  big  black  and  whites 
are  doing.  Send  for  our  free  literature. 

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN  ASS’N,  F.  L.  HOUGHTON.  Sec’y,  Box  105,  Brattleboro,  Vt- 


1911. 


1083 


THK  RURAL  NEW-YORKKR 


TVT  T  ~T~  ■  intend  to  do  about  what  is  right  and  who 

“*■  desire  credit  for  what  they  do,  and  in  the 

The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.81  interests  of  intelligent,  careful  inspectors 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  3%  cents  per  who  do  their  work  thoroughly  and  well  and 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have  helpfully,  you  have  been  the  means  of  get- 


no  additional  station  charges. 

THE  BOSTON  MILK  SITUATION. 

The  Winter  price  of  milk  is  now  partly 
settled.  The  Whitings,  who  control  the 
0.  Brigham  Co.,  Elm  Farm  Co.  and  D. 
Whiting  &  Sons,  have  offered  the  price 
asked  by  the  Farmers’  Association,  namely, 
36  cents  as  the  average  for  the  six  months, 
but  this  will  be  graded  and  a  higher  price 
paid  for  the  first  three  months  than  the 
later  thr.e.  The  Hoods,  who  are  the  sec¬ 
ond  largest  buyers,  have  offered  some  sec¬ 
tions  of  their  territory  the  price  asked  ;  in 
others  they  say  they  will  only  pay  the 
same  as  they  paid  for  August  and  Septem¬ 
ber,  namely,  34  cents  at  the  car.  The 
Graustein  Co.  has  refused  to  make  any 
raise  as  yet.  The  Deer  Foot  Farm  Co. 
will  pay  37  cents  a  can  with  an  increase 
of  one  cent  for  every  10  points  above  3.80 
for  high  test  milk.  I  understand  Aldeu 
Bros,  will  pay  36  cents  for  the  Winter. 
There  has  been  much  holding  off  by  all  of 
these  companies,  but  a  very  determined 
front  put  up  by  the  farmers,  and  the  threat 
of  holding  the  milk  unless  a  proper  price 
was  offered  in  most  sections,  slowly 
brought  these  contractors  to  terms. 

At  these  prices  no  profit  will  be  made 
this  Winter,  as  grain  is  high  and  will 


ting  out  some  definite  information  which 
can  be  used  by  way  of  striking  the  nail 
exactly  on  the  head  rather  than  swinging 
a  hammer  through  the  air  at  random.  I 
think  that  if  all  criticisms  of  the  system  of 
inspection  could  be  analyzed  in  this  way 
the  system  would  be  improved,  the  producers 
would  gradually  come  to  like  it  and  would 
be  its  best  defenders  and  advocates.” 


HEAVY  PRODUCING  COWS. 

Will  you  give  me  the  test  of  four  or  five 
champion  Jersey  and  Guernsey  cows? 

New  York.  h.  d. 

Below  are  some  Guernsey  records  for 
yearly  tests : 

Dolly  Dimple,  19144,  five  years  old, 
18,808.5  pounds  milk,  876.34  pounds  butter 
fat. 

Dairymaid  of  Pinehurst,  14.562.4  pounds 
milk,  860.26  pounds  butter  fat. 

Yeksa  Sunbeam,  15439,  14,920  pounds 

milk.  837.15  pounds  fat. 

Dolly  Bloom,  12770.  17.297.51  pounds 

milk,  836.21  pounds  butter  fat. 

Among  Jersey  records  arc  the  following : 

.Tacoba  Irene,  146443,  17,253  pounds, 

3.2  ounces  milk ;  952  pounds,  15.4  ounces 
tar 


u  auv|  Sophie  19th  of  Hood  Farms,  189748, 

likely  'bo~  higher’"  and"  other  fe^and 'rough-  Jo’^73  poundf’  3  ounccs>  milk;  854  pounds, 
age  sell  high,  while  many  who  usually  ldf.  oun.c®?  , 

sell  some  hay  and  other  fodder  expect  to  ga  4tlls  Pn^e,  160791,  16,275  pounds 

use  all  they  have,  and  refuse  to  sell  a  milk,  851  pounds,  11.75  ounces  fat. 
pound.  The  peddlers  and  independent  Adelaide  of  Beechlands,  168699,  15,572 
dealers  are  paying  various  prices,  from  37  pounds,  1.6  ounces  milk ;  849  pounds,  9.93 
to  42  cents,  according  to  distance,  and  ounces  fat.  _ _ 


prices  asked  by  the  farmers  from  whom 
they  buy.  Under  the  Saunders  law  these 
independent  dealers  are  mostly  buying  di¬ 
rect  from  the  producers  instead  of  as  for¬ 
merly  buying  from  the  contractors,  and 
this  is  one  of  the  strong  reasons  why  the 
contractors  want  this  law  repealed.  There 
is  promise  of  much  agitation  in  the  Legis¬ 
lature  this  Winter  to  repeal  or  pass  new 
laws  in  regard  to  these  matters,  and  the 
outcome  is  very  doubtful,  as  there  are 
many  oninions  on  the  subject.  The  supply 


AUCTION  PRICES. 

Cows  sell  all  the  way  from  $25  to  $40 
for  scrub  stock  to  as  high  as  $65  for  grade 
Holsteins.  Horses  bring  more  as  a  rule 
than  they  would  sell  for  at  private  sale. 
Hay  usually  brings  about  the  same  as  deal¬ 
ers  are  paying.  No  silage  sold.  Chickens 
always  sell  for  more  than  one  could  get 
for  them  in  the  open  market,  Leghorns 
selling  as  high  as  75  cents  each.  Milk  is 
mostly.  sent  to  cheese  factory  or  creamery 


of  milk  as  a  whole  has  so  far  been  plenty  and  will  average  little  better  tl  an  $1  ner 


had  enough  and  in  some  cases  a  surplus 
at  various  times,  but  the  next  two  months 
will  probably  use  all  that  is  received,  and 
no  surplus  will  be  likely  for  this  period. 
Fresh  cows  are  and  will  be  in  demand  for 
the  next  few  weeks  at  good  prices  by  all 
who  can  afford  to  purchase  them  to  keep 
the  supply  up  to  normal,  as  milk  dealers 
as  the  rule  will  take  no  more  milk  through 
the  remainder  of  the  year  than  the  aver¬ 
age  receipts  of  October,  November  and  De¬ 
cember. 

James  O.  Jordan,  milk  inspector  of  Bos¬ 
ton  Board  of  Health,  in  his  recent  report, 
comments  on  one  thing  very  important  to 
farmers,  namely,  the  milk  standard.  Un¬ 
der  the  present  standard  of  12.15  any  ex¬ 
cess  of  cream  above  the  required  amount 
can  be,  and  undoubtedly  is,  skimmed  off 
and  sold  at  a  large  profit,  or  skim-milk 
can  be  mixed  with  the  normal  milk  when 
milk  Is  short,  or  any  time  for  that  matter, 
and  thus  gives  the  consumer  a  lower  grade 
of  milk,  and  requires  less  normal  milk  from 
the  producer  to  supply  the  market,  which 
cuts  both  ends.  If  this  can  be  practiced 
under  the  present  law  it  will  be  done  to  a 


60  cents  per  bushel.  Apples  bring  75  cents 
'a  the  home  markets.  Oats  about  50  cents 
er  bushel ;  wheat,  around  $1 ;  buckwheat, 
1.40  per  100  pounds.  L.  it.  g. 

_  Howard,  N.  Y. 

Prices  as  far  as  I  know  are  about  as  fol¬ 
lows  :  Fresh  cows,  $35  to  $50 ;  strippers, 
$20  to  $30;  hay,  $15  to  $18;  oats,  50  cents 
per  bushel;  buckwheat,  $1.30  per  hundred; 
potatoes,  65  cents  per  bushel.  Milk,  Sep¬ 
tember  1,  $1.21  per  hundred  (cheese  fac¬ 
tory)  ;  beef,  dressed,  six  cents  per  pound. 
Woodhull,  N.  Y.  r.  e.  n. 

Nearly  everyone  is  through  digging  pota¬ 
toes  ;  about  three-quarter  crop ;  60  cents 
paid  at  car.  Milk  at  shipping  station  $1.40 
per  can  ;  butter  30  to  32  cents  per  pound. 
Hay  crop  short  and  farmers  did  not  sell  as 
much  as  common.  Not  much  demand  for 
cows ;  cheaper  than  last  year  at  this  time. 
Madison  Co.,  N.  Y.  e.  a. 

The  prices  received  here  for  milk  were 
March,  $1.30;  April,  $1.11;  May.  $1.05; 
June,  97  cents;  July,  $1.06;  August,  $1.25; 
September,  $1.35 ;  October,  $1.60.  No 

,  .  ..  ,  -  --  -  silage  nor  manure  sold.  I  do  not  know 

greater  extent  if  the  fat  standard  is  low-  the  price  of  hay ;  that  is  governed  bv  the 

PrPll  n  V  flirfhot*  AT*  QQ  I  o  o/IirAoo  Kvr  XT . . . x.  _  _ 


ered  any  further,  or  as  Is  advocated  by 
some,  no  fat  standard  be  required  at  all. 
It  would  seem  foolish  to  do  anything  to 
reduce  the  supply  needed.  Something  to 
aid  the  requirement  of  an  increase  would 
be  along  the  right  line  to  work.  Too  much 
has  already  been  done  in  the  past  to  scare 
people  from  buying  and  using  milk  freely 
as  they  should,  and  care  should  be  taken 
to  avoid  this  as  much  as  possible  in  the 
future.  a.  e.  p. 


THE  MILK  INSPECTOR’S  SCORE  CARD. 

On  page  1015,  Mr.  II.  H.  Lyon  gave  a 
comparison  of  the  milk  scores  made  for  a 
New  York  dairy  farmer.  This  is  the  basis 
upon  which  milk  is  rejected  or  admitted 
for  sale  in  New  York. 


New  York  market.  m.  r.  r. 

Black  River,  N.  Y. 

I  will  give  prices  here  of  as  many  differ¬ 
ent  things  as  I  can.  Auctions  are  very  sel¬ 
dom  held  here  at  this  time  of  year,  so  will 
not  be  able  to  get  any  ideas  from  that 
source.  I  have  yet  to  hear  of  silage  being 
sold  in  this  vicinity.  Potatoes,  per  bushel, 
60  cents ;  apples,  per  100  pounds,  $1  ;  but¬ 
ter,  per  pound,  27  cents ;  eggs,  per  dozen, 
26  cents;  veal  calves,  live,  per  pound,  8% 
cents ;  hogs,  live  weight,  ppr  pound,  six 
cents ;  young  pigs,  apiece,  $2 ;  manure, 
mixed,  per  load,  $1 ;  milk,  per  100,  $1.50. 

Arkport,  N.  Y.  e.  m. 

The  Beakes  Dairy  Co.  pays  3%  cents 
for  October  milk.  There  have  been  but 
few  auctions  yet ;  some  are  selling  some 


—  -  ...  This  article  was  _  .  .  ,,  -  - 

submitted  to  a  leading  expert  in  “market  stock  on  account  of  lack  of  fodder.  Deal- 

■ .  ers  pay  from  $40  to  $60  for  new  milkers 

and  at  auction  as  high  as  $100  for  cows 
that  would  yield  30  quarts.  Ilay  at  $15 
to  $25  in  barn;  apples,  $1  per  barrel  from 

hll  VOTQ  nrul  in  ”\T  onrKn  •  *-»a+o  f  ago 


milk,”  and  this  is  his  report 

“It  confirms  the  ground  that  I  have  taken 
many  times :  that  one  great  merit  of  the 
score  card  system  of  inspection  is  that  it  buyers  "and“  $1  ’25 Fin^' Newburzh^  not.atoe^ 

fneqn  ain  ^  K to*’  $1.50  g’r  bushe^st price^private 

lfi  anything  trade,  and  car  of  potatoes  at  $2.50;  pork, 
°asy  to  detect  the  $10  for  100  pounds ;  wheat,  $1.25  per 
hv°UMp’  t  li?  scores  submitted  bushel ;  corn,  90  cents  per  bushel.  Corn 

by  Mr.  Lyon.  In  two  items  there  is  &  fodder  is  fair  but  not  woll  parpri  TT*iv 

decrease  of  three  points  between  July  and  about  half  a  cron  also  potatoes  while  some 
August  which  are  nossihlv  eorroet  We  awuut  uau  crop,  aiso  potatoes  wnue  some 

will  admit  it  for  Smfnt’s  sake  and  &*${*»  sphere  P®nuV°$l 

Win  rmt  rfisrnaa  Thoro  dv  ifnm«  crop.  ivo  snage  soki  nere.  _  Manure,  $1 


will  not  discuss.  There  are  six  items  aggre¬ 
gating  10  points  where  the  score  was  noth¬ 
ing  in  July  and  perfect  in  August.  These 
items  relate  to  separate  quarters  for  sick 
cows,  small-top  milk  pails,  discarding  fore¬ 
milk.  and  screening  the  milk  house.  It  is 
possible  to  assume  that  between  the  two 


per  load  in  town.  Horses  from  $25  to 
$275.  Feed,  $30  for  ship  stuff;  $32  for 
corn,  $30  gluten,  $32  minor  grains. 

Roeklet,  N.  if.  f.  e.  p. 

A  Barn  Broom. — In  a  thrashing  mill  near 
here,  to  which  for  perhaps  a  hundred  years 


scorings  the  dairyman  might  have  improved  Ij1®  faJume»s,  too.k  thel£  Spun,  a  load  at  a 
these  conditions,  as  they  do  not  call  for  *lme’  leaning  up  after  each  load  was 
much  expense  and  the  changes  could  be  ^  brush  broom  — the  kind  that 

made  in  comparatively  short  time.  But  m,ust  havj>  done  duty  everywhere  before  the 
there  are  12  Items  aggregating  21  points  advent  of  broom  corn,  and  the  amount  of 
where  conditions  are  liable  to  vary  very  8°°d  work  this  big  implement  would  do  In 
much.  These  relate  to  fioor  construction ;  the  hands  of  a  muscular  man  was  astonish- 
to  tight  ceilings ;  to  yard  drainage ;  to  This  Fall  I  made  one  to  try  on  the 

construction  of  utensils ;  to  clean  feeding  rather  rough  floor  of  a  stable,  and  I  shall 
troughs,  ceilings,  floors,  cow  beds  and  not  8°  back  to  home  brooms  half  worn,  or 
milking  stools ;  to  the  disposition  of  liquid  the  heavier  article  made  expressly  for  barn 
manure ;  to  the  sterilization  of  utensils ;  and  stable  use.  Where  a  grav  birch  stump 
and  the  construction  of  privy.  All  of  these  had  thrown  out  a  bunch  of  fine,  tough 
conditions  were  so  grossly  bad  that  the  in-  sprays,  2ya  feet  long,  I  cut  at  random 
spector  In  July  could  not  see  a  particle  of  enough  to  make  a  bundle  about  four  or 
goodness  and  scored  them  all  down  to  five  Inches  in  diameter  at  the  top  or  butt 
nothing.  When  he  made  his  score  in  Au-  end  when  tied  in  two  places  six  inches 
gust  he  rated  them  all  as  absolutely  perfect,  apart  with  tarred  string  very  ti"htlv  I 
^  I®  impossible  to  imagine  such  a  then  drove  into  the  center  from  the  under 
wonderful  transformation  to  have  been  side  an  old  fork  handle  a  broom  handle  he 
made  within  three  or  four  weeks.  It  Is  ing  too  light  The  leaves  soon  wear  off 
hardly  possible  to  assume  that  conditions  leaving  the  tough  brush  which  lasts  indof* 
could  be  so  exceptionally  filthy  and  impro-  inltelv  and  doe!  rank!  * n d  t Wmfih 
per  that  on  each  one  of  these  12  items  there  if the  handle  loosens^ u  MrAnnh 
could  not  be  found  a  particle  of  goodness,  a  few  ta  th  !  shrinks, 

and  it  is  equally  impossible  to  assume  that  Matno  m  wedges  tighten 
in  three  or  four  weeks  these  conditions  „  *  T  C-  S-  PAINB- 

should  be  all  changed  so  radically  as  to  be  _  N.-Y.— -This  is  what  Is  known  in 

absolutely  perfect  without  so  much  as  a  Great  Britain  as  a  birch  besom.  These 
tenth  of  a  point  reduction  anywhere.  Now,  besoms  are  used  around  stables,  on  garden 
then.  Instead  of  sweeping  generalities,  in-  walks,  or  wherever  rough  sweeping  is  re¬ 
stead  of  broad  criticisms  of  the  inspection  Quired ;  also  on  the  stone-flagged  floors  of 
system,  you  have  got  through  Mr.  Lyon  old-fashioned  cottages.  Sanded  floors  (fine 
some  preeise,  exact  statements  in  the  shape  sand  scattered  on  stone)  are  passing  awav 
of  these  two  scores,  and  an  analysis  of  them  hut  those  besoms  were  used  to  brush  the 
shows  precisely  where  the  trouble  Is.  Con-  sand  into  decorative  patterns  Serviceable 
frequently,  in  the  interests  of  the  better  class  besoms  are  also  made  from  heath  and 
(the  great  majority)  of  milk  producers  who  broom  (Genista). 


(  Here  are  25  Rations — tried  and  proved  to  be 
More  Milk”  producers,  better  than  rations  that  had 
.  been  previously  used.  Some  are  in  use  in  the  East,  some 
m  the  West,  some  in  the  South,  but  in  general  they  will  be 
found  adapted  to  any  district,  and  more  economical  than  any  ration 
that  does  not  include  Dried  Beet  Pulp. 

Two,  three,  four  years  ago,  the  dairymen  who  are  now  feeding  these 
rations  did  not  use  a  pound  of  Dried  Beet  Pulp. 

These  men  are  getting  from  3  to  5  pounds  more  of  milk  per  cow  a 
day  than  they  were  ever  able  to  get  before  they  fed  Dried  Beet  Pulp, 
and  at  less  cost. 

And  that  is  not  all. 

Their  herds  are  in  a  healthier  condition  than  ever  before.  They  have 
less  need  for  the  services  of  a  veterinarian.  Dried  Beet  Pulp  keeps 
the  digestive  organs  of  a  cow  in  perfect  condition.  ' 

One  veterinarian  in  New  York  told  us:  “When  I  am  called  on  a 
case,  the  first  thing  I  ask  is  whether  Dried  Beet  Pulp  is  fed.  If  it 
is,  I  know  that  the  trouble  is  not  indigestion.” 

Compare  these  Rations  with  the  Ration  you  are  now  feeding.  They  are 
for  cows  weighing  about  1000  lbs.  and  giving  20  to  25  lbs.  of  milk  a 
day.  Notice  especially  how  Dried  Beet  Pulp  can  save  high  priced  hay. 


With  Clover  Hay 

5  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 

4  “  Cornmeal 

1  “  Cottonseed  Meal 
18  “  Red  Clover  Hay 

5  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 

2  “  Cornmeal 

2  “  Wheat  Bran 
t  “  Gluten  Feed 
18  “  Clover  Hay 

8  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 
2  “  Ground  Oats 
4  “  Cornmeal 
1H  “  Cottonseed  Meal 
10  “  Clover  Hay 


With  Clover  Hay  &  Corn  Fodder 

4  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 

3  “  Bran 

4  “  Gluten  Feed 

12  “  Cut  Com  Fodder 

7  “  Red  Clover  Hay 

5  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 
2  “  Gluten  Feed 

1  “  Cottonseed  Meal 

2  “  Cornmeal 
12  “  Clover  Hay 

8  “  Corn  Fodder 


With  Mixed  Hay 

4  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 
2  “  Ground  Oats 
1  “  Gluten  Feed 
1  “  Cornmeal 
1  “  Cottonseed  Meal 
18  “  Mixed  Hay 


5  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 

2  “  Choice  Cottonseed  Meal 

3  “  Cornmeal 
18  **  Mixed  Hay 


4  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 
4  “  Gluten  Feed 
2  “  Bran 
18  “  Mixed  Hay 


5  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 
2  “  Gluten  Feed 
1  “  Cottonseed  Meal 
1  “  Wheat  Bran 
20  “  Mixed  Hay 


5  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 
3  “  Dried  Brewer’s  Grains 
1  “  Hominy 
1  “  Gluten  Feed 
18  “  Mixed  Hay 


With  Alfalfa  Hay 

5  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 

3  “  Cornmeal 

2  “  Ground  Oats 
17  “  Alfalfa  Hay 

10  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 
15  to  18  lbs.  Alfalfa  Hay 

With  Clover  Hay  &  Corn  Silage 

4  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 

1  “  Cottonseed  Meal 
35  “  Corn  Silage 

15  “  Red  Clover  Hay 

With  Mixed  Hay  &  Corn  Fodder 

4  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 

2  ■  —  ~  - 

2 
1 

12 
8 


Gluten  Feed 
Wheat  Middlings 
Oil  Meal 
Mixed  Hay 
Corn  Fodder 


4  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 
3  “  Dried  Distiller’s  Grains 
2  “  Bran 
12  “  Mixed  Hay 
8  “  Shredded  Corn  Fodder 


With  Timothy  Hay, 
Corn  Silage  and 
Corn  Stover 

4  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 

2  “  Bran 

3  “  Cottonseed  Meal 
30  “  Corn  Silage 

6  “  Timothy  Hay 
8  “  Corn  Stover 


!dri 

El 

)l 

El 

El 

ri 

PE 

ILI 

P 

Just  Like  Roots 

THE  FEED  THATS  GUARANTEED 


With  Timothy  Hay  and 
Corn  Stover 

9  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 

2  “  Cottonseed  Meal 

3  “  Bran 

1  “  Gluten 

2  11  Middlings 

6  “  Timothy  Hay 
6  “  Corn  Stover 


With  Mixed  Hay  &  Corn  Silage 

4  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 
1  “  Cottonseed  Meal 

1  “  Bran 

3  “  Gluten 
10  “  Mixed  Hay 
30  “  Corn  Silage 

5  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 

2  “  Cottonseed  Meal 
2  “  Cornmeal 

30  “  Corn  Silage 
10  “  Mixed  Hay 

With  Timothy  Hay  &  Corn  Silage 

5  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 

2  “  Bran 

3  11  Gluten  Feed 
1  “  Oil  Meal 

30  “  Corn  Silage 
8  “  Timothy  Hay 


With  Timothy  Hay 

4  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 
2  “  Dried  Brewer’s  Grains 
2  “  Malt  Sprouts 
2  “  Cottonseed  Meal 
i  pint  Molasses 
18  lbs.  Timothy  Hay 


4  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 
4  “  Buckwheat  Middlings 
3  “  Dried  Distiller’s  Grains 
18  “  Timothy  Hay 


With  Corn  Silage  &  Corn  Stover 

4  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 
20  “  Wet  Brewer’s  Grains 
2  “  Wheat  Bran 
2  “  Cottonseed  Meal 
8  “  Corn  Stover 
30  “  Corn  Silage 


With  Corn  Fodder 

7  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 

3  “  Wheat  Bran 

4  **  Corn  and  Cob  Meal 
3  ‘  Cottonseed  Meal 

12  “  Cured  Corn  Fodder 

With  Corn  Silage  &  Oat  Straw 

7  lbs.  Dried  Beet  Pulp 
2  “  Cottonseed  Meal 

2  “  Bran 

3  “  Gluten  Feed 

5  “  Oat  Straw 
30  “  Corn  Silage 

Out  out  these  rations  and 
tack  them  up  in  your  barn 
for  further  reference. 


The  foregoing  rations  will  show  you  how  to  prepare  a  Dried  Beet 
Pulp  ration.  Now  go  to  your  dealer  and  get  a  100  lb.  sack  for  trial 
under  this  guaranty : 

We  guarantee  that  any  sack  of  our  Dried  Beet  Pulp  bought 
for  trial,  either  direct  from  us  or  through  a  dealer,  zvill  prove 
satisfactory  to  the  buyer  or  zve  will  refund  the  purchase  price. 

Larger  quantities  can  be  bought  with  the  privilege  of  trying  one 
sack,  and  if  found  unsatisfactory,  the  entire  purchase  price  will  be 
refunded  if  the  unused  portion  is  shipped  in  accordance  with 
instructions  to  be  received  from  us. 

This  will  give  you  enough  for  a  three  weeks’  feeding  for  one  cow. 
Use  Dried  Beet  Pulp  your  own  way — the  way  you  think  it  will  work 
out  to  the  best  advantage  for  you. 

When  you  have  used  up  the  sack,  if  you  have  not  been  getting  more 
milk  from  the  same  amount  of  feed  than  you  did  before,  go  to  your 
dealer,  tell  him  the  result  of  your  test,  and  get  back  your  money. 

If  you  want  our  help  or  any  suggestions  from  us,  write  us.  We 
will  be  glad  to  answer  your  questions  and  will  send  you  our  helpful 
book,  ‘  How  to  Feed  Dried  Beet  Pulp.”  It  tells  you  all  about 
compounding  rations. 

THE  LARROWE  MILLING  CO.,  Box  617,  Ford  Bldg.,  Detroit,  Michigan 


1084 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


November  4, 


The  Henyard. 


Judging  Utility  Poultry. 

What  standard  do  judges  adopt  in  com¬ 
paring  poultry  for  utility?  Prizes  are  be¬ 
ing  offered  for  the  best  market  or  laying 
stock.  I  have  Wyandottes  which  are  not 
up  to  the  “standard”  but  which  excel  as 
profitable  birds.  In  a  “utility”  contest 
how  would  these  hens  be  scored  ?  J.  G.  s. 

I  do  not  feel,  in  judging  a  fowl  for  utility 
purposes,  that  the  particular  breed  to  which 
it  belongs  should  be  given  much  considera¬ 
tion.  We  arc  looking  for  a  shape  and  a  size 
which  we  feel  will  produce  the  largest  num¬ 
ber  of  eggs  economically.  We  do  not  care 
for  the  color  so  much,  nor  for  the  particular 
kind  of  comb  which  the  individual  carries. 
What  we  want  to  find  embodied  in  a  utility 
fowl  principally  is  plenty  of  vitality,  alert¬ 
ness,  a  long  back  and  rounded  breast,  an 
upright  position,  a  bright  eye,  a  medium 
size  comb,  fine  bones  and  medium  close 
plumage.  If  the  individual  has  the  particu¬ 
lar  coloring  for  a  particular  breed  in  addi¬ 
tion  to  haying  this  length  of  back  and 
breadth,  we  would  consider  it  still  more 
valuable.  We  do  not  want  a  massive  bird, 
nor  a  real  small  bird,  but  a  medium-sized 
individual  which  will  make  a  desirable  table¬ 
sized  individual  when  her  laying  period  is 
finished.  We  have  also  found  that  the 
medium-sized  bird  lays  more  eggs  at  a  more 
economical  rate  per  dozen  than  does  the 
larger  individual.  c.  a.  Rogers. 

Cornell  Agricultural  College. 

A  utility  market  fowl  should  have  a  yel¬ 
low  skin,  a  full  meaty  breast,  short  shanks 
and  a  blocky  body.  As  an  egg  producer 
their  laying  qualities  should  be  considered 
from  the  records  of  her  performances.  Their 
plumage  ought  to  be  of  a  modest  hue,  one 
that  would  not  show  dust  and  dirt  plainly 
and  would  not  fade  as  quickly  as  do  bright 
colored  feathers.  If  I  were  judging  utility 
fowls  I  would  look  for  the  meat  producing 
qualities  and  then  note  the  bright  eye  and 
nervous  disposition  usually  found  in  good 
layers.  o.  j.  i.ambert. 

R.  I.  College. 

There  is  no  “standard”  by  which  to  judge 
utility  fowls.  We  have  a  printed  “Standard 
of  Perfection”  by  which  to  judge  fancy 
fowls,  in  which  every  part  of  the  bird  is 
fully  described  and  a  certain  number  of 
points  allowed  for  the  different  parts,  th« 
total  number  of  points  for  a  perfect  bird 
amounting  to  100.  Judging  utility  fowls 
must  be  more  or  less  guesswork,  depending 
on  the  ideals  of  the  judge.  I  doubt  if  any 
poultry  judge  could  pick  out  from  a  flock 
of  100  fowls  more  than  75  per  cent,  of  the 
best  layers ;  that  is,  where  the  birds  had 
been  trap-nested  and  the  best  layers  actually 
known,  and  like  as  not  lie  would  miss  the 
very  best  layer  in  the  lot.  In  my  own 
flock  of  White  Wyandottes  I  have  often 
been  surprised  to  find  some  little  undersized 
scalawag  that  would  be  laughed  at  in  any 
poultry  exhibition  prove  to  be  one  of  the 
best  layers  in  the  bunch.  The  attempt  of 
the  poultry  fanciers  was  to  shorten  the 
body  of  the  Wyandottes  so  that  a  model 
bird  would  touch  a  circle  drawn  around  it 
at  four  points,  viz.,  at  front  and  rear  and 
at  top  of  back  and  bottom  of  body.  I  know 
a  breeder  who  bad  succeeded  in  breeding 
his  Wyandottes  to  meet  the  ideals  of  the 
judges,  and  he  won  many  premiums  at  the 
shows.  I  saw  him  not  long  ago.  and  he 
told  me  he  had  got  out  of  Wyandottes  ;  said 
he  hod  bred  them  so  they  wouldn’t  lay,  or 
the  eggs  they  did  lay  wouldn’t  hatch.  A 
few  years  ago  Professor  Graham  of  Storrs 
College,  gave  poultry  lectures  in  Connec¬ 
ticut,  illustrated  with  stereopticon  pictures 
of  hens  that  had  laid  over  200  eggs  per  year. 
The  pictures  were  of  ten  or  a  dozen  dif¬ 
ferent  breeds,  but  in  every  case  the  hen  iras 
an  exceptionally  lony-hodicd  bird  for  that 
brood.  What  folly,  then,  for  the  fanciers  td 
try  to  shorten  up  the  body  of  the  Wyan¬ 
dottes  to  meet  some  false  idea  of  beauty  !  I 
don’t  exhibit  at  poultry  shows  because  I 
want  birds  of  a  different  type.  My  ideal 
for  a  layer  is  a  bird  long  of  body,  wider  in 
the  rear  than  in  front,  legs  set  wide  apart, 
short  and  stout  back,  fiery  red  head  and 
comb,  active  in  movement,  one  if  the  kind 
that  is  first  off  the  roost  in  the  morning  and 
last  to  go  to  bed  at  night,  and  a  good 
feeder.  The  hen  that  musses  over  her  feed 
and  rets  dainty,  as  if  it  wasn’t  good 
enough  for  her,  is  rarely  a  good  layer.  A 
utility  male  bird  should  conform,  as  far  as 
a  male  can,  to  the  shape  requirements  of 
the  female,  with  the  added  pugnacity  that 
his  position  as  defender  of  the  flock  re¬ 
quires.  That  fighting  instinct  is  nature’s 
insurance  that  the  season’s  progeny  shall 
be  out  of  the  strongest  and  bravest  male. 

GEO.  A.  COSGROVE. 


Failure  to  Keep  Contracts. 

“I  have  been  wondering  for  many  months 
whether  others  of  your  subscribers  have 
met  with  the  unfortunate  experiences  that 
have  come  my  way,  and  from  sources  where 
I  least  expected  them.  I  refer  to  what 
seems  an  utter  lack  of  any  real  feeling  of 
responsibility  among  poultry  breeders.” 

The  writer  of  the  above  goes  on  to  state 
that  he  made  contracts  early  in  the  year 
with  two  different  poultry  men  to  supply 
three-months-old  pullets.  The  agreement 
was  clear,  and  our  friend  supposed  of  course 
that  he  was  safely  fixed  with  Winter  layers. 
When  time  for  delivery  draws  near  he  is 
informed  that  the  pullets  cannot  be  sup¬ 
plied.  Now  this  buyers  says  : 

“I  have  not  the  slightest  question  that, 
in  one  and  perhaps  both  of  these  cases,  ad¬ 
vantage  was  taken  of  a  somewhat  higher 
price  on  some  of  the  stock  that  was  prom¬ 
ised  to  me,  probably  hoping  to,  somehow, 
make  up  my  number  later.  It  has  been  a 
disastrous  experience  for  us,  and,  needing 
this  young  stock  badly  to  replace  older 
birds  sold,  we  shall  go  far  short  of  the  num¬ 
ber  we  hoped  to  Winter,  as  we  did  last  year. 
It  is  of  course  impossible  for  me  to  make 
any  reasonable-priced  contract  now  for  the 
needed  pullets.” 

Of  course  he  could  not  prove  this  hut 
it  is  exasperating  to  be  put  off  in  this  way 
after  relying  upon  a  denmte  contract  for 
delivery.  The  most  common  business  cour¬ 
tesy  should  prompt  a  hen  man  to  notify  his 


customer  when  he  finds  he  cannot  supply 
the  birds.  Both  of  these  dealers  must  have 
known  long  ago  that  they  would  be  short. 
They  should  have  let  their  customers  know 
at  once,  so  that  he  could  buy  elsewhere. 


Is  this  Yield  Fair? 

I  am  sending  you  below  a  statement  of 
some  Plymouth  Rock  pullets.  These  chick¬ 
ens  were  hatched  June  1,  1910.  Will  some 
of  vour  hen  men  tell  me  whether  or  not 
this*  is  a  good  record?  That  is,  assuming 
these  hens  to  be  of  good  stock,  and  to  have 
been  handled  as  a  competent  poultr.vman 
would  have  handled  them,  should  they  have 
laid  more  eggs  or  not?  I  do  not  care  so 
much  about  whether  I  got  good  results 
under  my  conditions,  but  am  anxious  to 
know  whether  a  man  who  knows  how  to 
feed  and  care  for  poultry  usually  does  bet¬ 
ter  than  this  or  not? 

.Tan.  1911 ..  .66  hens,  572  eggs  average  8.7 
Feb.  191 1  ..  .04  hens,  1057  eggs  average  10% 
Mar.  1911 .  .  .02  hens.  1358  eggsaverage  21.4 
A  pr.  1 91 1 ...  60  liens,  1 244  eggs  average  20  2-3 
May  1911...  58  hens,  1110  eggs  average  19 
June  1911  .  .56  hens,  1050  eggs  average  18% 
•Tune  1911..  .50  hens,  1 050  eggs  average  18% 
July  1 91 1 . .  .  56  hens,  799  eggs  average  1 4.3 
Aug.  1911..  .56  hens,  733  eggs  average  13 

September  to  date  about  the  same  as 
August.  c.  E.  M. 

New  Jersey. 


Henhouse  of  Corrugated  Iron. 

Can  you  give  me  any  information  on 
building  chicken  houses  of  corrugated  iron? 
I  wish  to  build  my  houses  of  a  material 
that  will  allow  me  to  burn  trash  in  them 
and  so  get  rid  of  mites,  lice,  etc.,  without 
such  time  consuming  methods  as  spraying, 
painting,  etc.,  with  lice  killers.  IIow  can 
I  fasten  the  wall  and  roof  together  without 
the  use  of  lumber?  o.  h.  c. 

Oregon. 

We  do  not  know  of  any  experience  with 
such  a  house.  You  could  destroy  the  lice 
that  way  but  the  house  would  be  roasting 
hot  in  Summer  and  freezing  in  Winter. 
We  would  not  build  it  except  in  a  small 
way  to  experiment. 


White  Diarrhoea  in  Chicks. 

On  page  735  we  gave  an  extended  report 
of  the  work  at  the  Connecticut  Experiment 
Station  with  the  white  diarrhoea  disease. 
It  was  shown  that  this  disease  is  caused 
by  a  germ  which  exists  in  the  ovaries  of 
some  hens,  and  is  found  inside  the  egg. 
The  germs  are  also  spread  through  the 
food.  The  New  York  Veterinary  College 
has  now  correlated  these  results  and  re¬ 
ports  in  a  recent  bulletin.  It  concludes 
that  one  frequent  source  of  contagion  oc¬ 
curs  in  the  incubator  after  the  chicks  are 
hatched — when  they  pick  at  the  egg  shell*. 
Tlie  following  preventive  measures  are 
suggested  : 

“Experiments  have  shown  that  the  dis¬ 
ease  is  transmitted  in  three  ways:  (1) 
Through  the  egg.  (2)  By  direct  contact 
in  the  incubator  with  individuals  that  have 
acquired  the  disease  through  egg  infection. 
(3)  Rv  day  old  chicks  being  placed  In 
contaminated  surroundings. 

“It  has  previously  been  suggested  that 
the  greatest  infection  takes  place  within 
the  incubator  during  and  immediately  after 
hatching.  Although  tho  probable  number 
of  eggs  Infected  Is  small,  a  chick  hatched 
from  an  infected  egg  could  Infect  a  whole 
hatch.  To  guard  against  this  it  would  be 
well  just  before  the  eggs  hatch  to  place 
them  in  a  pedigree  tray.  This  trav  con¬ 
sists  of  a  metal  box  so  constructed  that  it 
is  divided  into  a  large  number  of  small 
compartments.  Each  compartment  has  a 
covering  of  wire.  Not  more  than  three 
eggs  should  be  placed  In  a  compartment 
After  hatching  the  chicks  should  be  left 
there  until  they  are  removed  from  the  In¬ 
cubator.  They  can  then  be  placed  in  a 
clean  hover.  Instead  of  placing  the  whole 
hatch  of  chicks  together  it  would  he  better 
to  divide  the  hover  space  by  means  of 
boards  into  as  many  pens  as  convenient. 
Not  over  10  chicks  should  he  kept  in  a  pen. 
Tt  would  be  well  to  place  the  same  chick* 
from  the  incubator  compartment  in  the 
same  pen.  This  segregation  should  he 
continued  until  the  chicks  have  reached 
the  age  of  four  days.  The  boards  c*n 
then  be  removed  and  the  chicks  permitted 
to  run  together.  All  chicks  showing  symp¬ 
toms  should  be  removed  to  a  special  pen 
Those  recovering  from  the  disease  should 
not  be  used  for  breeding  purposes.  The 
chicks  that  did  not  show  symptoms  of  the 
disease  can  be  used  as  breeders  in  the 
Spring.  It  is  recommended  that  the  old 
fowls  be  marketed  or  kept  separate  from 
the  young  stock,  as  they  may  be  spreading 
the  infection 

“Too  much  stress  cannot  bo  placed  on  the 
thorough  disinfection  of  the  hovers  and 
brooders  and  the  burning  of  the  used  litter. 
For  disinfecting  purposes  the  following  1* 
recommended  :  one  part  crude  carbolic  acid, 
one  part  commercial  sulphuric  acid  and 
forty  parts  of  water.  The  acids  should  be 
mixed  in  a  wooden  vessel  and  the  water 
added  slowly.  The  hovers,  floors  and  run¬ 
ways  should  be  thoroughly  sprayed  with 
this  solution.  Scalding  of  the  feeding  and 
drinking  utensils  is  recommended.  An¬ 
other  point  to  be  borne  in  mind  is  the 
indiscriminate  purchasing  of  eggs  for 
hatching  and  of  day  old  chicks.  Several 
serious  outbreaks  of  the  disease  have  come 
to  our  notice  caused  by  the  hatching  of 
eggs  from  infected  sources.” 


You  might  not  think  it  but  there  is  con¬ 
siderable  complaint  about  hens  that  will  not 
roost.  Early  in  the  season  these  birds  get 
the  habit  of  squatting  on  the  floor  or  on  a 
nest  box  and  the  habit  is  hard  to  break 
off.  It  does  not  seem  a  sure  part  of  hen 
instinct  to  grasp  a  pole  while  asleep. 


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against  accident  when  driv¬ 
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of  our  famous  Rayo  Driving 
Lamps. 

Rayo  Driving  Lamps  will 
not  blow  or  jar  out. 

They  are  smaller  than 
other  driving  lamps,  but 
have  a  magnifying  power 
that  throws  a  bright  light 
many  feet  ahead,  while  the 
extra  large  ruby  disc  in  the 
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Rayo  Driving  Lamps  are  fur¬ 
nished  with  double  side  bracket 
attachments,  to  fit  square  or  round 
posts.  They  can  be  used  on  all 
kinds  of  vehicles. 

In  addition  to  Driving 
Lamps,  the  Rayo  line  in¬ 
cludes  lanterns  of  all  styles, 
sizes  and  finishes — each  the 
best  of  its  particular  kind. 

All  are  equipped  with  select¬ 
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inserted  in  burners  ready  to 
light. 

Dealers  everywhere  ;  or 
write  for  descriptive  circular  to  any  agency 
of  the 

Standard  Oil  Company 

(Incorporated) 


kM  A  K  A-SII  KL  SOLUBLE 

l Roughest  grit  on  earth.  In¬ 
creases  egg  production. 

_  Tho  original  silica  grit. 

‘  ,  Avoid  substitutes.  Ask 
your  local  dealer  or 
send  81.00  for  two 
100-lb.  bags  f.  o.  b. 


Box  J 


GRIT 

cars.  Agents  wanted. 

EDGE  HILL  SILICA  ROCK  CO. 

New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 


Crystal  White  Orpingtons  cuarSantCeedN 

Write  RAY  SCHERMERHORN,  Box  B,  South  Hammond,  N.Y. 

Barred  Plymouth  rocks  and  r.  c.  r.  i.  reds-50  big, 

husky,  vigorous  cockerels  for  sale  at  fanner  s 
prices.  G,  F,  Williamson,  Flanders,  N.  J. 

Pfllll  TR  YM  F  N — ■^ont  fMl  to  secure  Stock  and 
rUULI  m  I  III  Lll  Eggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS.  Marietta, Pa. 

PULLETS  WANTED 

Any  part  of  four  hundred  (400)  April-hatched,  full 
or  nearly  full-grown  White  Leghorn  Pullets,  and 
one  hundred  (108)  Rhode  Island  Rod  Pullets.  Must 
be  first-class.  Name  lowest  price. 

I.  S.  LONG,  Richland,  Lebanon  Co.,  Pa. 

POULTRY  SEED  CORN 

Specially  small  for  poultry.  Best  of  its  kind.  No 
grinding  or  cracking  necessary.  Only  small 
amount  left  at  $2.00  per  bushel.  MAPLE  GLEN 
POULTRY  FARM.  Miu.krton,  N.  Y. 


SAVE  HALF  Your 
Paint  Bills 

By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT  —  proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 
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How  to  avoid  trouble  and  expense  caused  by  paint* 
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IT  NOW.  I  can  save  you  money. 

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MAKE  HENS  LAY 

By  feeding  raw  bone.  Its  egg-producing  value  Is  four 
times  that  of  grain.  Eggs  more  fertile,  chicks  morn 
vigorous,  broilers  earlier,  fowls  heavier,! 
profits  larger. 

MANN’S  lmSd!l  Bone  Cutter 

Cuts  all  bone  with  adhering  meat  and 

Srlstle.  Never  clogs.  10  Days'  Froe  Trial, 
o  money  In  advance. 

Send  Today  for  Free  Book, 
t.  W.  Mann  Co.,  Box  15,  Milford,  Mass, 


MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  l>est.  Coarse  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1814 
R.  MaeKELLAR’S  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill,  N.Y. 


^HaCneleandteEdna.ish  PARTRIDGES  I  PHEASANTS 

Capercailzies,  Black  Gamo,  Wild  Turkeys,  Quails, 
Rabbits,  Deer,  etc.,  for  stocking  purposes.  Fancy 
Pheasants,  Peafowl,  Cranes,  Storks,  Beautiful 
Swans,  Ornamental  Geese  and  Ducks,  Foxes. 
Squirrels,  Ferrets,  and  all  kinds  of  birds  and 
animals.  .Send  four  cents  for  illustrated  descriptive 
circulars.  WENZ  8  MACKENSEN,  Dept.  10,  Pheasantry 
and  Game  Park,  Yardley,  Pa. 

PULLETS  and  YEARLING  HENS 

dottes,  single  and  rose  comb;  Brown  and  W.  Leg¬ 
horns,  R.  I.  Reds;  from  80  cents  por  head  up.  Write 
for  just  what  you  want  and  bow  much  von  wish  to 
invest.  Maple  Cove  Poultry  Yards,  R.  24  Athens,  Pa. 

BARRED  ROCKS 

DOTTES,  PARTRIDGE  COCHINS.  We  liavo  a 
fine  lot  of  youngsters.  Prize-winning  strain. 

MINCH  BROS.,  Route  3,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 


Snow  White  Wyandottes  STrW 

lay.  Circular  free.  Goldenrod  Farm  Stewartstown,  Pa. 


THE  FARMER’S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  Oil  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 


Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  .May  return  ;it  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  G02  Fifth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Indian  Runner  Ducks  ga.Tl’ 

I  bUS  $1.00 — Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  roul- 
ZU  try.  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  froe.  Dirge  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 


5000 


Plymouth  Rooks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 
right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  best  selections.  Largest  success, 
ful  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incnbators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 


DULLETS  AND  YEARLING  HENS,  W.  C*  B. 

*  Leghorns,  W.  Wyandottes,  from  80  cents  each 
up.  Write  for  just  what  you  want.  MAPLE 
COVE  POULTRY  YARDS,  R.  24,  Athens,  Pa. 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  '‘.nd  Cock¬ 
erels;  any  quantitv  at  attractive  prices;  hred-to-lay 
kind.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Fleminoton,  N.  J. 


Wo  are  offering  at  present  some  Very  Choice 

S.  C.  White  Leghorn  and 

S.  C.  Rhode  Island  Red  OLKUl  clo 

at  reasonable  prices. 

POULTRY  DEPT.,  CHESTNUT  HILL  FARMS,  C0ALBURG,  OHIO. 


ARE  YOU  SATISFIED  WITH  YOUR  INCOME? 

Would  $500,  or  more,  a  year  on  the 
side  be  an  object  to  you? 

You  can  easily  make  and  exceed  that  amount  in  the  poultry 
business  without  interfering  with  your  regular  work.  Consump¬ 
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producers  can  not  keep  abreast  with  the  needs  of  the  increas¬ 
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poultry  and  eggs.  Why  don’t  you  get  a  part  of  that  enor¬ 
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»» 


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is  the  amount  F.  H.’Dunlap  of  West  Salisbury,  N.  H„ 
cleared  from  his  hens  in  1910,  and  did  not  devote  more 
IjAVAWeVt/  than  two  hours  a  day  to  them.  You  can  t  learn  the 
secrets  of  his  success  in  the  book,  “Side-Line  Poultry  Keeping”, 
was  the  net  profit  made  by  R.  A.  Richardson.  Haverhill,  Mass.,  in  1910,  who 
attended  to  his  regular  work  as  a  shoe  cutter.  The  details  of  his  success  are  also 
told  in  “Side-Line  Poultry  Keeping  ” 

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Idi  1. 


<THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


1086 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — The  southwestern  coast  of 
Alaska  was  visited  again  October  18  by  an 
earthquake  which  stopped  sluicing  mining 
operations  and  shook  up  the  glaciers.  A 
cable  dispatch  from  Cordova  says  that  the 
shock  was  less  severe  than  that  of  Sep¬ 
tember  22,  but  it  lasted  several  seconds. 

Eugene  Ely,  one  of  the  best  known  avi¬ 
ators  in  this  country,  was  killed  at  the 
State  Fair  grounds  at  Macon.  Ga.,  O'-tober 
19,  when  his  machine  failed  to  rise  from 
a  sensational  dip  and  plunged  with  him 
oO  feet  to  the  ground.  lie  fell,  in  the 
presence  of  nearly  8.000  persons,  to  the 
middle  of  the  inciosure  of  the  race  track, 
after  almost  clearing  the  machine  by  a 
desperate  leap  when  he  saw  his  peril.  The 
number  of  victims  of  aeroplane  fatalities 
has  now  passed  the  century  mark,  Eugene 
B.  Ely  making  the  101st.  Seventeen  of 
these  have  been  Americans.  France  heads 
the  list  in  point  of  numbers,  totalling  37, 
more  than  America,  Germany  and  Italy 
combined.  There  have  been  seven  double 
fatalities  in  which  driver  and  passenger 
were  slain.  On  two  occasions  exhibitors 
have  been  driven  to  their  last  flight  against 
their  better  judgment  by  the  jeers  of  spec¬ 
tators.  These  were  J.  J.  Frisbie,  killed  in 
Norton  County,  Kan.,  and  Frank  II.  Miller, 
who  lost  his  life  at  Mansfield,  Ohio.  Two— - 
Cecil  Grace,  an  Enlishman,  and  Lieuten¬ 
ant  Bague,  a  Frenchman — sailed  into  the 
heavens  and  were  never  seen  again. 

It  is  feared  there  was  considerable  life 
lost  in  the  interior  of  I’anama  as  a  result 
of  a  severe  storm  that  swept  the  vicinity 
of  Bocas  del  Toro  the  second  week  in  Oc- 
tober.  From  160,000  to  200.000  banana 
trees  were  blown  down.  Most  of  the  banana 
trees  destroyed  were  the  property  of  the 
United  Fruit  Company,  which  is  the  heavi¬ 
est  loser.  A  number  of  small  plantations, 
however,  were  utterly  devastated,  even  the 
plantation  buildings  being  wrecked. 

Magistrate  Appleton  dismissed,  October 
-0,  the  complaint  against  Wesley  M.  Oler 
and  other  officers  of  the  Knickerbocker  Ice 
Company  of  New  York  City,  who  had  been 
accused  of  maintaining  a  monopoly  and 
arbitrarily  raising  the  price  of  ice  in  this 
city  during  the  hot  spell  of  last  July.  In¬ 
cidentally,  the  District  Attorney  declared 
that  “the  evidence  tended  to  show  that  the 
American  Ice  Company  withdrew  from 
doing  business  in  this  State  as  a  matter 
of  form  only,  and  teat  it  is  in  effect  still 
transacting  the  same  business  that  it  used 
to  do,  operating  through  the  instrumental¬ 
ity  of  subservient  corporations  instead  of 
directly.” 

Twelve  miners  working  in  a  new  shaft 
sunk  by  the  Wharton  Steel  Company  in  one 
of  its  mines  at  Upper  Hibernia,  N.  .1.,  were 
caught  and  drowned  October  19,  when  a 
blast  tore  away  the  wall  and  let  the  water 
rush  in  from  an  abandoned  and  flooded 
mine  next  to  them.  The  men  drowned 
were  at  the  bottom  of  a  fjjiaft  1,700  feet 
deep.  The  ore  of  the  abandoned  mine  had 
given  out,  and  the  new  shaft  was  sunk  to 
reach  a  richer  vein.  It  was  supposed  that 
the  new  shaft  was  separated  from  the  old 
by  a  wall  of  solid  rock  not  less  than  225 
feet  thick,  and  possibly  thicker.  While  the 
1-  men  were  at  work  on  the  lowest  level 
others  were  blasting  the  side  walls  on  a 
landing  half  way  into  the  shaft.  When 
the  wall  caved  in  the  big  gap  gave  egress 
to  a  Niagara  of  water  on  the  hapless  min¬ 
ers,  which  must  have  descended  on  them 
with  enough  force  to  crush  them  against 
the  floor  and  sides  of  the  pit  and  beat 
their  lives  out  before  they  were  drowned. 
The  iron  mines  of  Morris  County  have  been 
operated  since  Revolutionary  days,  but  this 
is  the  greatest  disaster  from  flooding  of  a 
shaft  in  Morris  County’s  mining  history. 

Having  refused  to  vote  an  appropriation 
necessary  for  the  opening  of  a  public  high¬ 
way  for  which  land  had  already  been  ac¬ 
quired,  the  citizens  of  Mount  Oliver  Town¬ 
ship,  in  Morris  County,  N.  J.,  may  bo  com¬ 
pelled  to  go  to  work  with  picks  and  shovels 
and  dig  out  the  road  themselves.  The  Su¬ 
preme  Court  of  New  Jersey,  before  which 
the  situation  was  considered  on  mandamus 
proceedings  instituted  by  Philip  W.  Salitta, 
has  directed  the  township  committee  to 
call  out  the  citizens  and  put  them  at  work. 
The  authority  for  this  extraordinary  ac¬ 
tion  was  found  by  the  Supreme  Court  in  an 
old  practice  under  which  the  overseer  of 
the  highways  might  compel  citizens  of  a 
community  to  repair  or  open  public  high¬ 
ways.  The  court  held  that  the  township 
committee  has  succeeded  to  the  powers  of 
the  overseer  of  the  highways ;  therefore,  if 
the  voters  of  a  community  were  too  pe¬ 
nurious  to  provide  proper  roads  by  the 
usual  methods,  the  old  rule  might  he  in¬ 
voked.  The  order  to  the  township  com¬ 
mittee  is  in  the  form  of  an  alternative 
writ  of  mandamus,  with  the  terms  of  which 
the  committee  must  either  comply  or  show 
satisfactory  reason  to  the  court  for  not 
doing  so.  The  opinion  of  the  court  was 
handed  down  by  Justice  Bergen. 

Judge  Ward,  of  the  United  States  Cir¬ 
cuit  Court,  denied  October  21  the  motion 
for  a  preliminary  injunction  against  Post¬ 
master  General  Hitchcock  and  Postmaster 
Morgan,  made  by  The  Review  of  Reviews 
Publishing  Company,  to  restrain  the  Post- 
office  Department  from  enforcing  the  new 
rule  by  which  publications  issued  at  in¬ 
tervals  longer  than  bi-weekly  were  to  bo 
transported  in  the  “third  contract  section” 
by  fast  freight  trains  instead  of  by  mail 
trains.  The  Review  of  Reviews  Publishing 
Company  charged  that  the  new  order  was  a 
discrimination  against  it  in  favor  of  its 
two  chief  competitors,  The  Literary  Digest 
and  The  Outlook.  Both  of  these  publica¬ 
tions  are  issued  weekly,  while  The  Review 
of  Reviews  is  a  monthly  magazine. 

Snow  fell  over  the  Texas  Panhandle  and 
Northwestern  New  Mexico  October  20-21. 

At  Amarillo  the  sight  was  novel  and  abso¬ 
lutely  unheard  of  before.  In  Tucuinari, 

N.  M. ;  Dalhart,  Herford  and  Plainview, 
Tex.,  and  other  Panhandle  points  many 
trees  and  much  shrubbery  were  killed  by 
the  snow,  which  extended  south  within  40 
miles  of  Big  Springs,  Ward  County,  Tex. 
Snow  also  fell  in  Missouri,  preceding  any 
frost  in  the  Ozark  Mountains. 

Nine  men  were  killed,  10  gravely 
wounded  were  carried 'up  by  rescuers,  and 
15  more  were  imprisoned  by  a  cave-in, 
after  the  explosion  of  a  keg  ,1  powder 
which  ignited  black  damp  in  O’Gara  Mine, 
No.  9,  near  Harrisburg,  Ill.,  October  23. 
That  more  lives  were  not  lost  was  due  to 
the  fact  that  the  shift  was  changing  when 
the  explosion  occurred. 


Tiie  distribution  of  the  lands  of  the 
Sioux  Indian  Reservation  began  in  Greg¬ 
ory,  S.  I).,  October  24,  when  the  first  2,000 
names  of  the  8,000  which  will  be  drawn 
were  taken  from  the  great  pile  containing 
the  registration  of  nearly  50,000  applicants 
for  the  lands.  For  an  hour  before  the 
drawing  three  men  with  shovels  mixed  the 
envelopes  containing  the  registrations  in 
order  that  all  might  have  an  equal  chance. 
No.  1  claim  is  estimated  to  be  worth  from 
$10,000  to  $50,000.  No  actual  filings  will 
be  accepted  until  next  April,  at  which  time 
all  successful  ones  must  be  ready  to  make 
their  choices  and  take  up  residence. 


AILING  ANIMALS. 

Foul  in  Foot. 

I  have  a  cow  that  has  been  laid  up  about 
six  weeks  now  with  hoof  rot.  Since  I  dis¬ 
covered  what  is  wrong  with  her  I  have  kept 
her  feet  washed  out  with  soap  and  car- 
bolized  water,  and  then  put  vinegar  with 
blue  vitriol  dissolved  in  it  into  the  sore 
places.  This  did  not  seem  to  do  any  good. 
I  then  used  two  applications  of  butter  of 
antimony.  This  dries  up  the  outside  of  the 
sores,  but  in  a  day  or  so  they  will  be  as  bad 
as  ever  again.  What  would  you  advise  me 
to  do?  k.  o.  H. 

Pennsylvania. 

The  sores  are  ulcers  caused  by  infection 
of  scratches  or  wounds  by  the  bacillus 
necrophorus,  which  is  abundant  in  the  filth 
of  yards  and  muddy  places.  Cut  away  loose 
or  under-run  horn  of  hoofs.  Swab  all 
sores  and  ulcers  once  daily  with  a  solution 
of  half  an  ounce  of  sulphate  of  copper 
( bluestono)  used  as  hot  as  the  hand  will 
bear.  Afterward  cover  the  affected  parts 
with  oakum  saturated  in  full  strength  coal- 
tar  disinfectant,  and  to  be  kept  in  place  by 
bandages.  Renew  the  dressing  once  daily 
until  healed.  If  the  ulcers  are  tardy  in 
healing,  cauterize  them  lightly  with  lunar 
caustic  pencil  and  continue  the  other  treat¬ 
ment.  A.  s.  A. 

Scours. 

Can  you  tell  me  what  to  do  with  my 
calves?  I  had  two  in  one  stall;  the  oldest 
had  scours  quite  badly,  but  got  better,  but 
seems  to  have  something  the  matter  with 
his  breathing ;  he  breathes  very  hard  ;  you 
can  hear  him  30  feet  away.  The  other  calf 
is  just  the  same ;  they  are  Holsteins  and 
registered.  m.  a.  d. 

When  a  calf  scours  always  isolate  it  at 
once,  as  the  trouble  is  apt  to  prove  con¬ 
tagious.  The  affected  breathing  may  indi¬ 
cate  sore  throat  or  enlargement  of  the 
glands  due  to  tuberculosis,  or  it  is  possible 
that  the  calves  are  affected  with  lung 
worms.  We  cannot  advise  you  confidently 
without  making  an  examination,  so  it  wiil 
be  necessary  to  employ  a  qualified  veterin- 
rlan.  A.  s.  a. 

Leaking  Milk ;  Skin  Trouble  of  Horse. 

1.  I  own  a  cow  that  loses  milk ;  she  is  a 
very  easy  milker,  three  years  old  last  June. 
Please  advise  me  how  same  can  be  pre¬ 
vented.  2.  I  also  own  a  horse  which  has  a 
fine  mane  and  tail,  but  I  notice  that  he 
scratches  his  tail  against  his  box  stall,  and 
upon  examining  the  tail  I  find  the  skin  looks 
scaly  (something  like  dandruff).  There 
does  not  appear  to  be  any  insect,  or  bug. 
What  can  I  do  to  prevent  this?  c.  l. 

Rhode  Island. 

1.  Apply  several  coats  of  flexible  collo¬ 
dion  to  the  ends  of  the  teats  just  after  milk¬ 
ing,  or  tie  a  wide  tape  around  teats,  or 
apply  wide,  weak  rubber  bands.  2.  Wash 
tail  clean  and  when  dry  pour  on  a  little  of 
a  mixture  of  one  part  kerosene  and  two 
parts  raw  linseed  oil.  Repeat  the  applica¬ 
tion  daily.  Cut  down  the  grain  rations  and 
have  the  horse  work  or  abundantly  exercise 
every  day.  The  trouble  usually  comes  from 
overfeeding,  lack  of  exercise  and  lack  of 
grooming.  a.  s.  a. 


Thin  Horse. 

I  have  a  poor  horse  which  I  want  to 
fatten  at  once  if  possible.  His  ribs  and  hip 
bones  show  prominently,  as  though  he  might 
be  hidebound.  He  is  about  12  years  old, 
eats  well  and  works  well,  and  would  be  a 
pretty  horse  if  fat.  His  ration  is  corn 
and  fodder  and  some  grass.  He  does  not 
eat  his  bedding.  q. 

North  Carolina. 

Have  his  teeth  attended  to  by  a  veter¬ 
inary  dentist ;  then  feed  plenty  of  sound, 
old  oats  and  add  wheat  bran.  As  forage 
give  the  best  of  mixed  hay  and  keep  him 
off  grass.  As  Winter  comes  on  give  some 
ear  corn  at  noon  and  allow  corn  fodder 
and  roots.  Give  the  drinking  water  before 
feeding.  Do  not  work  him  soon  after  a 
meal.  If  he  fails  to  plump  up,  mix  one 
quart  of  black  strap  molasses  in  three 
quarts  of  warm  water  and  then  stir  among 
cut  hay,  cornmeal  and  wheat  bran.  Feed 
that  amount  of  molasses  night  and  morn¬ 
ing  and  give  whole  oats  at  noon  and  long 
hay  at  night.  a.  s.  a. 

Cracked  Hoof. 

I  recently  bought  a  fine  young  horse. 
There  is  a  bad  scar  from  a  wire  cut.  below 
the  ankle,  running  diagonally  from  the  top 
of  the  hoof  toward  the  ankle.  The  wound 
has  entirely  healed,  but  leaves  a  very  bad 
scar.  A  few  days  ago  a  crack  appeared  in 
this  hoof.  The  crack  is  about  two  Inches 
long  and  runs  diagonally  on  the  outside  of 
the  hoof  near  the  back  part.  While  driving 
the  horse  I  noticed  a  watery,  bloody  mixture 
oozing  from  the  crack,  followed  by  a  little 
blood.  The  horse  shows  lameness  while 
trotting,  but  walks  all  right.  What  would 
be  the  best  treatment  for  the  horse?  2.  A 
few  years  ago  the  Hope  Farm  man  wrote 
about  some  preparation  he  used  to  toughen 
his  horse’s  shoulders  before  putting  them  on 
heavy  work.  Will  you  tell  me  what  he 
used?  b,  w.  T. 

New  York. 

1.  The  condition  is  serious,  and  home 
treatment  will  not  avail,  as  the  qualified 
veterinarian  will  have  to  operate  by  firing 
and  blistering.  Diseased  tissues  are  present 
in  the  wound  or  under  the  cracked  part  of 
the  hoof,  and  they  will  have  to  come  away. 
2.  A  saturated  solution  of  alum  or  strong 
tea  of  white  oak  bark  will  be  found  useful ; 
or  use  a  mixture  of  half  an  ounce  of  tannic 
acid  to  half  a  gallon  of  cold  water,  a.  s.  a. 

Treatment  for  Fistula. 

.T.  C.  F.,  Pennsylvania,  should  get  a  four- 
grain  capsule  and  slide  one  half  over  the 
other,  thus  leaving  the  end  open,  then  put 
into  it  as  much  white  arsenic  as  would  go 
on  a  half  inch  of  the  end  of  the  small 
blade  of  a  jack  knife.  Then  place  the 
open  end  of  the  capsule  on  the  end  of  a 
stick  or  a  probe,  and  shove  it  round  end 
first  into  the  opening  of  the  fistula,  leaving 
the  capsule  and  arsenic  In  the  bottom  of 
sac.  It  will  take  out  the  sac,  and  If  there 
Is  no  broken  splinter  of  bone  in  there  it 
will  be  cleaned  and  healed  In  about  a  month. 
It  will  clean  it  out,  anyhow,  and  If  it  will 
not  heal  you  can  know  there  is  a  splinter  of 
bone  which  must  be  cut  out.  I  have  cured 
one  with  the  splinter  in  it  and  know  of 
two  others  cured  with  arsenic  with  no  splin¬ 
ter  in  them.  They  come  from  being  hit 
or  bitten  by  other  horses  and  things.  The 
bone  is  bruised  or  broken.  Grease  around 
the  sore  to  keep  the  matter  from  drying  and 
sticking.  c.  T.  b. 

Leonards,  N.  J. 

This  is  an  old  empirical  method  of  treat¬ 
ing  discharging  sinuses,  and  never  resorted 
to  by  the  trained  veterinarian.  Always  it 
Is  best  to  operate  on  such  a  case  and  be 
done  with  it.  JTealing  takes  place  promptly 
when  the  cutting  has  been  properly  done, 
hut  where  a  caustic  is  Inserted  it  may  do 
more  harm  than  good.  In  many  instances, 
however,  the  caustic  proves  effective,  as 
claimed  by  our  correspondent.  a.  s.  a. 


Made  from  the  finest  hides  tanned  by  the 
old-fashioned  slow  process.  King  Custom 
Made  Harness  outlives  the  horse— been 
known  to  last  as  long  as  30  years  in  good 
CO:rYV,  on’  direct  from  factory— no 
middleman's  profits— saves  you  50c.  on 
the  dollar.  Guaranteed  to  satisfy  or  your 
money  refunded.  Sent  on  approval— low 
F‘ce,s  WU1  suTpr's0  y°u-  Write  to-day 
for  terms  and  big  free  illustrated  cat¬ 
alogue  F.  KING  HARNESS  CO., 
t>  Lake  St.,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.,  N.  V 


ROOTS  FOR  STOCK 

Cannot  be  supplanted  by  any¬ 
thing  else  They  can  bo  easily  and 
protitably  grown  In  any  soil  and 
climate.  They  produce  wonder¬ 
fully  profltablo  results  as  a  part 
ration  for  all  kinds  of  11  ve  sto.  k. 

You  can  prepare  them  best  with 

THE  BANNER  ROOT  COTTER 

Made  In  7  sizes— hand  or  power.  They 
make  the  famous  “banner  root  chips?' 

—not  slices  or  cubes— which  prevents  a. « 
choking.  Shake  outall  dirt  before  cutting.  Their 
tirst  cost  is  so  small  you  cannot  afford  to  be  with¬ 
out  one.  Send  for  the  Banner  booklet  today. 

O.  E.  THOMPSON  &  SONS,  Ypsilantl,  Michigan 


SAVE -THE- HORSE 


Vernal,  Miss.,  July  3rd,  1911. 

Troy  Chemical  Co.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y.  —  Your  remedy  cosit 
me  $5  and  I  wouldn’t  take  $50  for  the  results.  I  used  nearly 
one  bottle  on  a  bone  spavin  and  worked  and  plowed  with  my 
tnaro  all  the  time.  Doos  just  what  you  say  it  will.  J.  S.  McLeod, 

EXPERT  VETERINARY  ADVICE  FREE  KKMS! 

adriso  frankly  and  clearly  what  to  do.  Give  you  benofit  of  10 
years*  success  in  treatment  of  every  character  of  cases. 

S  C  *  bottle,  with  binding  contract  to  refund  money.  Send 
for  COPY.  BOOKLET  and  LETTERS,  from  Bankers, 
■  Farmers  and  Business  men  on  every  kind  of  case.  Per. 
nmently  Cure*  Bone  and  Bog  Spavin,  Thorougbpio,  mngbone 
(except  low).  Curb,  Splint,  Capped  Hock,  Windpaff, Shoe  Ball, 
Injured  Tendon,  and  all  Lameness.  <  No  scar  or  loss  ol 
hair.  Horse  works  as  usual.  Dealers  or  Express  prepaid, 
Troy  Chemical  Co.,  24  Commercial  Ave. ,  Binghamton,  X.  X. 


EXCELSIOR  SWING  STANCHION 

Warranted  The  Best.  30  Days’  Trial 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  when  open 
Noiseless  Simple  Sanitary  Durable 

Tlie  Wasson  Stanchion  Co., 
Box  60,  Cuba,  N.  Y. 


BOOKS  WORTH  BUYING 

The  Horse,  Roberts .  1.25 

liens  for  Profit,  Valentine .  1.50 

Swine  in  America,  Coburn .  2.50 

Sheep  Farming,  Wing .  1.00 

Chrysanthemum  Culture,  Herrington. .  .50 

Plant  Culture,  Oliver .  1.50 

The  Rose,  Kingsley .  2  00 

Landscape  Gardening,  Waugh . 

How  to  Plan  the  Home  Grounds,  Par¬ 
sons  .  1.00 

Ornamental  Gardening,  Long . 1.50 

The  Small  Country  Place,  Maynard..  1.50 
Hedges,  Windbreaks  and  Shelters, 
Powell . .60 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

409  Pearl  Street,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


<*  0 


ft 


A  Plain  Talk 
on  Stock  Feeding 


Some  folks  imagine  that  a  few  ears  of  corn  and  a  forkful  of  hay  is  all  there  is  in  the  feeding  question, 
but  with  the  ambitious,  thinking  farmer,  or  the  up-to-date  stockman,  it’s  a  vastly  different  proposition, 
looks  upon  the  Steer,  Cow  or  Hog  as  a  machine  for  the  transforming  of  feed  into  “  Meat  and  Milk'-’  and 
should  regard  himself  as  a  manufacturer  rather  than  a  common  laborer.  No  one  denies  the  necessity  of  proper 
teed,  ana  neither  can  anyone  overlook  the  importance  of  proper  digestion.  The  amount  of  growth  and  milk  pro¬ 
duced  will  always  vary  with  the  digestion.  A  healthy  animal  digests  but  half  its  feed,  an  unthrifty,  ill-conditioned 
animal  less.  Now,  if  these  are  facts,  why  not  pay  more  attention  to  digestion  ?  Condition  your  horses,  cows,  sheep, 

.  ....  swine  a_D^  poultry,  it  was  Dr.  Hess'  knowledge  of  wasted  nutrition  that  resolved  him  to  formulate  a  plan  to  save  a 

part  of  this  loss.  The  past  18  years  that 


DR.  HESS  STOCK  TONIC 

is  proof  of  how  well  he  wrought.  No  attempt  can  be  made  to  contradict  the  effect  of  tonics  on  digestion. 
No  one  can  deny  that  there  is  a  waste  of  one-half  or  more  of  the  food  eaten.  As  proof,  you  often  see  whole  corn  in  the  droppings — 
and  you  know  many  stockmen  fatten  their  hogs  on  the  grain  that  passes  off  undigested. 

Our  proposition.  You  get  of  your  dealer  a  25  lb.  pail  of  Dr.  Hess  Stock 
Tonic  at  $1.60,  or  100  lbs.  at  S5.00  (except  in  Canada  and  the  extreme 
West  and  South).  Use  it  all  winter  and  spring.  If  it  doesn't  pay  you 
and  pay  you  well,  get  your  money  back.  Every  pound  sold  on 
guarantee.  If  your  dealer  cannot  supply  you,  we  will. 

Free  from  the  1st  to  the  10th  of  each  month— Dr.  Hess  (M.  D. 

D.V.S. )  will  prescribe  for  your  ailing  animals.  96  page 
Veterinary  Book  free  for  the  asking.  Mention 
this  paper  and  include  2c  stamp. 


DR.  HESS  &  CLARK 
Ashland,  Ohio 


•‘■-•.‘“IS 


j.N 


jf 


DR.  HESS  POULTRY  PAN-A-CE-A.  A  splendid  digestive  tonic  and  conditioner  that  makes  ^ 

hens  lay  more  eggs.  It  shortens  the  moulting  period  considerably;  and  strengthens  the  system  during  the  time  when  fowl 
are  weakened  down  by  shedding  their  old  feathers  for  a  new  growth.  It  increases  the  egg  yield  during  the  winter  months  when 
prices  are  high  and  is  a  sure  preventive  against  Gapes,  Roup  and  Cholera,  and  other  minor  poultry  ailments.  Feed  in  small  doses- 
a  penny's  worth  feeds  thirty  fowl  per  day.  ij  lbs.  25c,  mail  or  express  40c;  5  lbs.  60c;  12  lbs.  gi.2<;  25  lb  pail  £2,  so 
(except  in  Canada  and  the  extreme  West).  Guaranteed  same  as  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Tonic. 

Send  2c.  for  Dr.  Hess'  48  page  Poultry  Book  free.  . 


INSTANT  LOUSE  KILLER  KILLS  LICE 


lose 


fHE  KUKAb  NEW-YORKER 


November  4, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 

The  Federal  Grand  Jury  is  now  in¬ 
vestigating  the  various  promotions  of 
mining  enterprises  started  within  re¬ 
cent  years  under  the  name  of  Julian 
Hawthorne,  the  writer,  a  son  of  Na¬ 
thaniel  Hawthorne.  The  chain  of  en¬ 
terprises  that  will  be  investigated  with 
a  view  to  indictments  for  using  the 
mails  in  schemes  to  defraud  investors 
was  said  to  include  the  Julian  Haw¬ 
thorne  Company,  the  Hawthorne  Silver 
and  Iron  Mines,  Limited,  the  United 
Mining  Company,  the  Tamagami-Cobalt 
Mining  Company,  the  Montreal-James, 
the  Elk  Lake  Cohalt  and  the  Mclntyre- 
Porcupine  Companies,  all  near  the  Co¬ 
balt  district  in  Canada.  Besides  these 
companies  there  was  the  Continental 
Syndicate,  which  was  organized  to  sell 
stock  in  some  or  all  of  the  companies. 
The  Hawthorne  Silver  and  Iron  Mines 
Limited  had  a  capitalization  of  $15,- 
000,000,  and  the  head  promoter,  one 
Albert  Freeman,  is  credited  with  the 
statement  that  Mr.  Hawthorne  had 
been  the  means  of  selling  $1,000,000 
worth  of  stock,  at  a  net  profit  of  $500,- 
000  to  the  company.  It  is  alleged  that 
Mr.  Hawthorne  is  no  longer  connected 
with  it,  but  that  his  present  location  is 
unknown.  The  names  of  other  promin¬ 
ent  men  were  associated  with  the  com¬ 
panies,  and  it  is  claimed  that  large 
blocks  of  the  stocks  were  sold  Govern¬ 
ment  clerks  and  .employes  on  the 
strength  of  these  names.  It  is  said  also 
that  friends  of  Secretary  Root  discov¬ 
ered  that  they  had  a  “gold  brick”  in  a 
large  investment  of  the  stock,  and  com¬ 
plaints  multiplied  in  the  hands  of  the 
Post  Office  officials.  Indictments  are 
expected  to  follow  the  inquiry. 

Several  times  during  the  past  year 
or  two  we  have  cautioned  our  people 
against  this  stock,  and  we  hope  our  peo¬ 
ple  have  escaped  the  allurements  of  Mr. 
Hawthorne  and  his  associates.  It  was 
a  bad  use  Julian  Hawthorne  made  of 
the  name  of  his  illustrious  father. 

Herbert  .T.  Woods,  who  ran  the  Co-opera¬ 
tive  Music  Publishers’  Association  at  No. 
32  Union  Square,  which  was  to  bring 
quick  fame  to  unrecognized  composers, 
pleaded  guilty  yesterday  to  an  indictment 
charging  him  with  using  the  mails  to  de¬ 
fraud.  Judge  Hough  permitted  him  to 
go  free  until  January,  when  the  charge 
will  be  definitely  dismissed  if  Woods  ful¬ 
fills  his  promise  to  restore  to  his  victims 
the  $1,000  which  he  obtained  from  them 
by  fraud. — Daily  Paper. 

The  'above  is  good  news.  These 
music  fakers  are  a  class  of  petty  swind¬ 
lers.  They  advertise  for  new  musical 
compositions.  The  composition  is  sent 
in,  and  hack  comes  a  flattering  letter 
praising  the  music  and  promising  fame 
and  wealth  for  the  author.  The  schemer 
will  undertake  the  publication  and 
arrange  for  a  royalty  to  you  on  the 
sale.  But  there  is  always  a  remittance 
to  go  to  him  first.  That  remittance  is 
the  whole  thing.  The  R.  N.-Y.  has 
been  showing  up  this  game  for  years ; 
we  are  glad  to  know  that  the  Post  Office 
Department  is  now  closing  them  up. 

In  your  issue  of  October  14  A.  II.  R„  of 
New  York,  makes  inquiry  as  to  the  finan¬ 
cial  standing  of  Dairy  Products  Co.  of  New 
York,  and  your  answer  is  one  that  does 
not  give  much  encouragement  to  the 
patrons  of  above  concern.  1  have  been 
doing  business  with  the  Dairy  Products 
Company  for  almost  three  years.  They 
are  square,  hard-working,  conservative  men, 
aud  worthy  of  the  confidence  of  every  and 
any  farmers  selling  them  milk.  The  heavy 
surplus  of  milk  produced  by  dairy  farm¬ 
ers  the  past  Winter  aud  Summer  has  been 
very  embarrassing  to  creamery  men,  and 
at  some  times  handled  with  groat  loss.  I 
am  sure  as  editors  of  such  a  journal  you 
can  readily  realize  and  sum  up  the  situa¬ 
tion  for  yourself.  Usually  men  who  make 
such  inquiries  are  those  who  ship  least 
milk  or  anything  else.  Some  time  since 
I  asked  lor'  a  rating  on  a  city  man.  lie 
had  a  rat  In"  of  $200,000.  He  never  had 
$10,000  in  his  life,  and  I  lost  $1,875  with 
this  man  of  fairly  high  rating.  I  would 
like  you  to  give  this  concern  a  better  rating 
in  your  paper,  for  I  assure  you  they  are 
deserving  of  same.  f. 

This  company  seems  to  have  been  or¬ 
ganized  in  1909  on  authorized  capital¬ 
ization  of  $150,000.  They  claimed  that 
they  succeeded  to  the  business  of  the 
Dairy  Product  Co.  of  New  Jersey, 
capitalized  at  $575,000  and  organized 
in  1904  as  the  Creamery  Products  Co. 
of  New  York,  with  capitalization  of 
$10,000.  This  capitalization  was  later 
increased  to  $5,000,000.  A  chain  of 
country  creameries  in  New  York  and 
Vermont  were  taken  over  on  this 
scheme,  and  city  places  opened  under 
the  title  of  Thorndale  Farms.  The 
company  got  into  financial  straits,  and 
it  was  said  that  a  compromise  with 
creditors  was  effected,  and  the  com¬ 
pany  reorganized. 

When  the  present  company  took  over 
the  business  they  refused  to  go  into  any 
detail,  and  the  date  of  transfer  and 
property  transferred  is  not  definitely 
1  uown.  The  president  of  the  present 
company  was  at  one  time  a  vice-presi¬ 
dent  of  the  old  company.  A  recent 
statement  by  the  president  of  the  com¬ 


pany  shows  net  assets  above  capital 
stock  of  about  $117, (XXI,  the  actual  lia¬ 
bilities  being  about  $232,500;  but  among 
the  assets  are  such  items  as  accounts, 
machinery,  horses,  wagons,  bottles,  and 
equities  in  28  creamery  plants,  and  the 
statement  gives  their  estimated  value, 
so  that  without  an  actual  appraisal  it 
would  be  mere  guess  work  to  estimate 
the  actual  net  assets.  The  annual  busi¬ 
ness  is  said  to  be  $1,500,000,  which 
would  indicate  that  if  they  settled  with 
producers  promptly  in  60  days  they 
would  owe  the  producers  nearly  $200,- 
000  as  a  carrying  account.  A  chattel 
mortgage  for  $40,000  on  the  creameries 
in  Delaware  and  Chenango  Counties 
to  John  J.  Jackson  was  recently  re¬ 
newed.  During  1909  they  were  reported 
behind  the  contract  agreement  in  settle¬ 
ment  with  producers,  and  we  had  de¬ 
lay  in  collecting  for  a  patron.  During 
the  past  season  we  have  complaints  of 
delay  in  settlements. 

As  the  above  correspondent  intimates, 
one  cannot  always  go  by  ratings.  One 
often  loses  when  the  ratings  are  good. 
One  may  die  under  a  doctor’s  care,  but 
we  do  not  dispense  with  doctors  on 
that  account.  You  must  get  the  best 
information  obtainable,  and  then  trust 
or  refuse  to  trust  as  a  result.  One 
thing  is  certain ;  producers  have  lost 
too  much  money  in  the  past  through 
credits  to  individuals  and  companies 
who  take  their  milk.  These  producers 
are  entitled  to  definite  information  as 
to  the  standing  and  ability  to  pay  of 
concerns  who  apply  for  credit,  and  they 
are  entitled  to  their  money  when  it  is 
due.  The  returns  to  the  small  shipper 
are  quite  as  important  to  him  as  the 
larger  proceeds  are  to  the  big  pro¬ 
ducers.  It  is- not  only  the  privilege  hut 
the  duty  of  both  to  know  the  respon¬ 
sibility  of  the  house  to  whom  they  ex¬ 
tend  credit.  _  J.  J-  D- 

OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

Cornered  Through  a  Fake  Association. 

As  a  sample  of  the  confidence  dope 
E.  G.  Lewis  has  been  pouring  out  to 
the  Committee  of  Expenditures  of  the 
Post  Office  Department,  we  recommend 
the  following  from  Number  22  Listen: 

Early  in  the  publication  of  the  Winner 
Magazine  it  carried  a  great  amount  of  wbat 
was  calk'd  trust  advertising;  that  was  years 
ago ;  an  enormous  amount  of  advertising 
was  run  in  the  magazine  to  send  a  quantity 
of  merchandise,  which  the  recipient  would 
sell  and  return  the  money,  and  then  receive 
a  premium,  like  the  Larkin  soap  business 
is  operated.  But  it  was  carried  on  in  per¬ 
fumes  and  a  great  variety  of  things — novel¬ 
ties  of  all  sorts. 

It  received  that  name  because  many  ad¬ 
vertisements  were  headed  “We  trust  you’’ ; 
that  is,  they  sent  on  merchandise  to  the 
person  on  their  own  say  so  and  then  de¬ 
pended  on  the  honesty  of  the  person.  The 
advertisers  found  that  there  had  grown  up  in 
the  country  a  large  body  of  systematic  rob¬ 
bers  :  that  is,  people  who  would  answer  every 
single  one  of  these  advertisements  that 
would  appear  in  all  the  magazines,  and  that 
was  the  last  you  would  hear  of  them  after 
they  got  the  merchandise.  The  advertisers, 
in  talking  with  me,  asked  me  if  I  could 
not  devise  some  means  of  getting  at  the 
bottom  of  that. 

I  devised  this  plan.  I  told  them  if  all 
the  mail  order  advertisers  would  send  to 
me  a  card  of  all  the  dead  beats  or  robbers 
they  had  of  that  sort  Iwould  show  them 
all  up  alphabetically  and  by  States, 
and  then  we  would  see  if  the  same  person 
was  doing  business  with  20.  30,  40  or  50 
different  concerns — and  they  were  all  com¬ 
plaining  against  them — and  we  would  pre¬ 
sent  those  facts  to  that  gentleman  and  he 
probably  would  let  go.  So  they  did  that. 

They  sent  me  thousands  and  thousands  or 
names' of  people  of  that  sort,  and  in  running 
it  down  I  found  it  was  a  systematic  business  ; 
that  there  were  probably  two  or  three  thou¬ 
sands  of  these  men  aud  women  throughout 
the  country  making  a  business  of  that. 
When  we  got  the  analysis  of  that  person’s 
operations  we  would  just  inclose  it  in  a 
letter  to  that  gentleman  and  say  :  “We  find 
that  on  such,  dates  you  ordered  goods  from 
such  concerns,”  and  then  give  him  the 
whole  list  of  his  transactions  for  a  whole 
year,  the  total  amount;  say,  $00.50.  As  a 
general  proposition,  $60.50  came  back  and 
that  was  the  end  of  that  man.  and  that 
broke  it  up.  That  was  simply  the  depart¬ 
ment  of  the  paper  to  break  up  these  dead¬ 
beats  who  were  defrauding  the  mail  order 
advertisers. 

Our  arrangement  with  the  advertiser  was 
that  in  return  for  our  collecting  these  ac¬ 
counts,  if  we  did  collect  any  of  them,  they 
would  spend  at  least  half  of  that  money 
with  us  in  additional  advertising. 

How  sweet  of  Mr.  Lewis.  Here 
were  lily  white  and  simon  pure  adver¬ 
tisers  virtually  at  the  mercy  of  the 
Lewis’s  dead  beat  subscribers.  The 
situation  was  revolting  to  his  delicate 
sense  of  virtue.  So  he  organized  a  de¬ 
partment  of  his  paper  to  stop  the  rob¬ 
bery  of  his  high-class,  honest  advertis¬ 
ers  by  his  dead  beat  subscribers.  Cer¬ 
tainly  that  must  be  a  work  of  cure  and 
simple  justice. 

All  pure  fiction. 

Now  let  us  look  at  the  facts.  Those 
“T-Trust-You”  advertisers  were  as  com¬ 
plete  a  gang  of  petty  swindlers  and 
cunning  blackmailers  as  ever  captured 
a  dishonest  dollar.  They  made  such 
papers  as  Lewis  published  possible.  The 
mail  order  papers  made  their  schemes 


successful,  so  that  one  faker  plays 
into  the  hands  of  the  other.  These 
“I-Trust-You”  advertisers  are  particu¬ 
larly  contemptible  because  they  impose 
on  women  and  children.  They  are 
too  petty  to  interest  even  disabled 
men.  No  honest  paper  would  accept 
the  advertising  at  any  price.  The 
scheme  is  to  get  up  some  little  novelty 
or  toilet  article  or  anything  of  trifling 
cost,  none  of  which  would  find  a  market 
on  its  merit.  The  scheme  is  based  on 
the  theory  that  neighbors  will  pay  25 
cents  to  a  poor  woman  or  enterprising 
child  for  an  article  without  regard  to 
its  real  value.  Usually  a  doz^n  or  so 
of  the  packages  are  sent  the  woman  or 
child,  and  the  recipient  is  to  sell  them 
to  neighbors,  and  retur  all  the  money 
collected  to  the  advertiser.  They  prom¬ 
ise  that,  when  the  money  is  received, 
they  will  send  a  valuable  premium  in 
payment  of  the  services.  This  premium 
is  a  doll,  a  ball,  or  other  toy  or  trinket. 
Sometimes  the  premium  is  sent.  Often 
times  it  is  not.  When  the  country 
woman  or  child  orders  the  goods,  re¬ 
turns  the  money  and  gets  the  trinket, 
the  matter  ends.  The  inference  that 
claims  amount  to  $60.50  is  challenged. 
The  amount  seldom,  if  ever,  exceeds 
$1  to  $3,  and  the  victim,  conscious  of 
the  swindle,  usually  sent  the  money  and 
quit.  But  often  the  goods  were  shipped 
on  a  mere  inquiry  without  an  order. 
Sometimes  only  a  part  of  the  goods  can 
be  sold.  Again,  none  of  them  can  be 
sold.  Sometimes  the  packages  are  dam¬ 
aged.  Often  they  are  returned  and 
lost  or  no  credit  given  for  them  by  the 
advertiser.  They  may  be  returned 
without  any  marks  to  show  who  re¬ 
turned  them.  In  such  cases  the  woman 
or  child  returns  for  what  was  sold,  if 
any,  but  declines  to  pay  for  the  rest. 
Then  begins  a  series  of  letters  to  col¬ 
lect;  first  mild  enough,  then  threaten¬ 
ing  and  finally  abusive.  In  cases  where 
the  goods  are  sent  without  order  or 
consent,  the  form  of  forcing  payment 
for  them  is  a  pure  form  of  blackmail. 
In  some  States  these  petty  swindlers 
have  been  prosecuted.  But  with  all  the 
threatening  letters  of  the  advertiser 
some  of  the  victims  refused  ro  send  the 
money  which  they  did  not  and  could  not 
collect.  It  is  quite  possible  that  some 
of  these  had  stuff  from  two  or  more 
of  the  concerns ;  because  they  all  have 
sucker  lists,  and  often  send  the  stuff 
without  an  order.  At  best  they  were 
only  agents  and  there  was  no  reason 
why  they  should  send  their  own  money. 
They  refuse  to  give  up. 

Now  here  is  where  Mr.  Lewis  came 
in  with  his  “Mail  Order  Protective  As¬ 
sociation,”  not  as  a  published  feature 
of  his  paper,  but  without  the  readers 
knowing  that  the  collecting  scheme  was 
a  department  of  the  paper.  The  adver¬ 
tiser  failed  in  his  attempt  to  browbeat 
the  woman  or  child.  Previously  that 
ended  it.  They  expect  a  certain  per¬ 
centage  of  failure  to  collect.  But  now 
Mr.  Lewis  steps  in;  and  begins  the 
threatening  and  annoying  process  all 
over  again  on  a  new  line.  Fie  knew 
how  to  play  on  the  fears  of  women  and 
children ;  prosecution,  exposure  and  simi¬ 
lar  threats  have  their  effect  on  country 
people  and  the  remittance  followed.  Par¬ 
ents  do  not  like  to  have  their  children 
subjected  to  such  treatment,  and  to  end 
the  annoyance  finally  sent  the  money. 

There  is  the  plain,  unvarnished  truth. 
Such  are  the  high  class  advertisers! 
guaranteed  by  Lewis.  Such  poor  coun¬ 
try  women  and  ambitious  children  are 
the  dead  heats  who  are  accused  of  de¬ 
frauding  the  Lewis  lily  white,  innocent, 
helpless  mail  order  advertisers. 


Thin,  Feeble 

and  Under-Fed 


people  need  more  coal, 
clothes  and  doctors 
than  the  strong,  robust 
and  hearty. 

Scntt’s  Emulsion 

saves  coal  bills,  tailors' 
bills  and  doctors'  bills. 

ALL  DRUGGISTS 

11-55 


Shafts  to 
pole  amt  pole  to 
shafts  —  no  effort; 
no  tools :  no  rattle ;  no 
risk  with 

Fernald 
Quick-Shifts 

They  fit  any  pole  or  shaft- 
eye  and  any  buggy.  All 
metal.  Put  them  on  your 
buggy;  get  them  on  the 
buggy  yon  bny.  26c.  a  pair— all  hard¬ 
ware,  carriage  and  harness  dealers, 
or  «i>o.  from  us. 

Fernald  Mfg.  Co.,  Inc. 

North  East,  Pa. 


LOOMIS  CORN  HUSKER 


Run  by  3  H.  P. 

Husk  25  bushels 
an  hour. 
Price  on  application. 

L.  R.  LOOMIS 

Claverack,  N.  Y. 


A  Reliable  Water  Supply  System 

Have  “running  water  when  and  where 
you  want  it.”  Pumped  from  stream,  pond 
or  spring.  No  expense  for  power  ;uo  trouble; 
no  repairs.  Install  it  yourself,  or  we  will 
Install  for  you  a 

FOSTER  HIGH-DUTY  RAM 

«mi  guarantee  to  put  it  in  to  your  en¬ 
tire  satisfaction,  for  a  fixed  Bum, 
upon  in  adranco.  No  tro*  ble 
expense  to  maintain.  Write  us. 

Power  Specialty  Company 

111  Broadway,  Now  York  ^ 


PLUVIN0X 

- WATER-PROOF - 

ROOFING 

F°r  Roof  ing.  Siding 
and  Lining  Poultry  Houees 
and  all  Outbuildings  :  :  : 

Clean  Durable  Odorless 

'T'HIS  is  a  Water  and  Air-Proofing  of 
which  you  are  always  sure — which  you 
can  absolutely  depend  upon  to  thoroughly 
protect  your  chickens  and  stock  from  damp¬ 
ness  and  draughts. 

Just  see  how  well  Pluvinex  is  made.  First 
it  is  thoroughly  soaked  through  and  through 
with  the  heaviest  kind  of  a  water-proofing 
compound;  then  it  is  heavily  coated  on  both 
side*  so  that  air  or  water  cannot  even  get 
through  the  surface,  let  alone  through  the 
inside.  Finally  a  layer  of  soapstone  is 
placed  on  both  surfaces  to  shed  water  and 
further  protect  the  roofing. 

We  will  send  on  request  samples  so  that  you  may 
see  how  sturdy  and  well-made  it  is ;  compare  it  with 
others  and  find  how  very  low  is  the  price  we  ask  for  it. 
Send  a  postal  now  to  Dept.  30 

THE  HYDREX  FELT  &  ENGINEERING  CO. 

120  Liberty  Street  New  York 

Works:  Rahway,  N.  J. 


Pull 

Stumps 

—Book  Free^L^  f0r 

this  book,  showing  photos  that 
prove  how  the  Hercules  pulls  any 
stump  in  less  than  5  minutes,  and 
letters  to  prove  the  profit 
made  by  pulling-  out  the 
stumps  and  raising  crops 
instead.  Don’t  pay  taxes 
on  land  that  yields  noth¬ 
ing.  Pull  stumps  now — 
they’re  getting  harder  to 
pull  every  year.  Make  big 
money  on  contract  jobs 
from  neighbors  or  by  renting 
machine.  Book  tells  all  facts  and  figures  about  the 


U17DPI  TI  rc  All  Steel 
IILIXCULLU  Triple  Power 


Stump  Puller.  30  Days’  Free  Trial— 3  year 
guarantee  to  replace  broken  castings  free. 
Special  introductory  price  to  first  buyer  in 
each  locality.  AH  Steel  means  60%  lighter  weight, 
400%  greater  strength  than  castlron or  “semi-steel.” 
Triple  Power  means  more  pull  than  a  locomotive.  Any 
slump  Is  bound  to  coino  with 
the  Hercules.  Doublo  ratch¬ 
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>  17th  St.,  Centerville,  Iona 


- — "S 

-grass 

TP 

VA 

- - 

...FOSTER  STEEL... 

STANCHIONS 

Increase  Your  Dairy  Profit 
Makes  cows  comfortable.  Save  time 
in  stabling  and  cleaning.  Easy  to 
operate;  cow  proof ;  sanitary; 
strong,  and  durable. 

Write  for  our  prices  and  illus¬ 
trated  catalog  before,  buying. 
POSTER  STEEL  8TANII10N  CO. 

^  fiott  Insurance  Iltdg.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

ROBERTSON’S  CHAIN 
HANGING  STANCHIONS 
“I  lmve  used  them  for  moro 
than  TWENTY  YEA KS,  and  they 
liavo  given  the  very  best  of  salifl- 
fncton  In  every  way,”  wrlteo 
Justus  II.  Cooley,  M. I).,  Plainfield 
Sanitarium,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

Thirty  days’  trial  on  application 
O.  II.  ROBERTSON 
Wash.  St.,  Forestvllle,  Conn. 


1911. 


1087 


Crops  and  Markets 

Wholesale  Prices  at  New  York. 

Week  Ending  October  27,  1911. 


the  RURAI>  NEW-YORKER 


® 

® 

® 

® 

® 

® 


.33 

.30 

.24 

.30 

Z\ 

.28 

.21 

21 


BUTTER 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb .  .32 

Good  to  Choice . 26 

cower  Grades  . 22 

Storage . 24 

State  Dairy,  best . 30 

Common  to  Good . 22 

Factory . 18 

Packing  Stock . 17  _ 

Elgin,  111.,  butter  market  firm  at  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  30  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  31  cents. 

CHEESE 

Full  Cream,  best . 

Common  to  Good . 10 

Skims . 06 

EGGS 

White,  good  to  choice . 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 

Common  to  Good . 

Western,  best . 28 

Under  grades . 15 

Checks  and  dirties . 10 

Storage,  prime . 20 

BEANS 

Marrow,  100  lbs .  4.25 

Medium . 

Pea . 

Yellow  Eye . 

lied  Kidney . . . 5.25 

Lima,  California .  .  5.90 

HOP8 

Prime  to  Choice . 54 

Common  to  Good . 50 

Pacific  Coast . 42 

German  Crop,  new . 

DIMED  FRUITS 

Apples,  erap.,  choice,  191 1 . 

Common  to  good . 07 

Sun  dried . 07j£@ 

Cherries .  . . 17 

Raspberries . 27 

FRESH  FRUITS 

Apples,  Wealthy,  bbl . 2.00 

Alexander .  2.50 

Wolf  River  . .  . . 

Twenty  Ounce .  1.76 

McIntosh .  2.50 

Gravenstein .  2.00 

Baldwin .  1.60 

Greening . 1.60 

King .  2.1)0 

Hubbardston ...  . 

Windfalls,  bbl .  ...  1.00 

Western  Spitz,  box .  2.50 

Western  Jonathon . 2.00 

Western  Wealthy . 1.40 

Pears.  Seckel,  bbl . 

Clairgeau,  bbl .  2.00 

Bartlett,  bbl . 

Anjou,  bbl . 2.00 

Bose,  bbl . . 

Sheldon .  2.00 

Kielfer.  bbl .  1.00 

Quinces,  bbl  . . 

Cranberries.  Cape  Cod,  bbl . 

Jersey,  bbl . 

Grapes,  Concord.  18-lb.  case . 

Kliiek,  l-lb.  bkt . 

Delaware . * . 10 

Niagara . 00 

Bulk,  ton . 

Citron,  bbl . 40 

VEGETABLES 

Potatoes,  N.  Y.  State,  bbl .  2.25 

Maine,  bug . 

Long  Island,  bbl .  2.50 

Sweet  Potatoes,  bbl . 2.00 

Beets,  bbl . 

Carrots,  bbl . 75 

Cabbage,  Danish  seed,  ton . 12.110 

Domestic  seed,  ton . 9.00 

Caulillowcrs,  L.  I.,  bbl . 75 

Cucumbers,  bbl . 50 


MILL  FEED — CAR  LOTS 

Spring  Bran, ton .  25.40  ®  26.15 

Standard  Middhngs .  27.60  ®  29.75 

Red  Dog.  .. . 31.00  ®  32.25 

Hominy  Chop .  28.00  ®  29.20 

Linseed  Meal . .  40 .00  ®  40.50 

Corn  Meal .  30.00  (ff  32.00 

COTTON 

New  York.  Middling  Upland..... .  9.40 

Middling  Gulf . . .  9  65 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  9.00 

Good  Middling . 

TOBACCO. 

Conn.  broadieaf-llUer . 08 

Fine  wrappers  . '  go 

N.  Y. State  Fillers . .05 


® 


.13 

®  .14J4 

.10 

@  .12 

.06 

®  .12 

.40 

®  .45 

@  .35 

.24 

®  .30 

@  .35 

.15 

@  .22 

.10 

@  .15 

.20 

®  .21 

@  5.00 

4.1)0 

®  4.35 

@  4.35 

3.85 

®  3  .90 

5.25 

@  5.70 

5.90 

tff  5.96 

@  .56 

.50 

@  .53 

.42 

@  .46 

.90 

@  .96 

.09 

tff 

.07 

®  .08 

•07!4@  .08 

.17 

tff  .21 

.27 

@  .28 

5.00 

@  3.50 

S.50 

@  4.00 

5.50 

@  4.00 

1.75 

@  2.75 

!  .50 

fed  4.50 

1.00 

@  3  (Ml 

1.50 

@  2.75 

.60 

®  3.25 

®  3.50 

..75 

@  2.50 

.0(1 

@  1.25 

@  3.00 

:.0O 

®  2.60 

.40 

@  1.50 

.60 

@  5.00 

@  4.00 

(q)  5.50 

.00 

@  3.50 

(a)  5.50 

.00 

@  5.00 

@  2.00 

@  5.00 

.60 

®  8  00 

.25 

@  6.75 

.411 

@  .60 

.08 

@  .11 

®  .15 

@  .13 

.00 

@70.00 

.40 

@  .60 

.25 

@  2.35 

.10 

iff  2.30 

@  2.75 

.00 

@  2.60 

.00 

iff  1.26 

@  1.25 

@15.00 
« 12.00 
®  2.00 


(ill 

® 

® 

® 

® 

@ 


1 .50 
.30 
1.00 
1.50 
.50 
1.80 
®  2.50 
@  2.00 
@  1.75 
®  1.25 
@  1.50 
®  1.00 
(d>  1.00 
®  .70 
®  .75 
@  1.00 
®  1.25 
®  2.50  | 


Celery,  Jersey,  bunch . 10 

Lettuce.  !4-bbl.  bkt . 25 

Peppers,  Jersey,  bbl . 50 

Okra.  Jersey,  j^-bu.  . 25 

Onions,  State  and  Western,  1U0  lbs...  1.60 

Orange  Co.,  bag .  1.60 

White,  bu .  1.25 

Conn.  Yellow,  100-lb.  bag .  1.60 

String  Keans,  bu . 50 

Lima  Beans,  potato,  bu .  1.25 

Flat  kinds . 75 

Spinach,  bbl . .50 

Squasn.  Marrow,  bbl . 50 

Hubbard,  bbl . 60 

Turnips,  Rutabaga,  bbl . 65 

White,  bbl .  1.00 

Egg  Plants,  Fla.,  box .  1.75 

Tomatoes.  Jersey,  box . 25  <ff  1.50 

Hothouse,  lb . 10  tff  .15 

HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 

Cucumbers.  No.  1,  doz . - . 75  @  1.00 

No.  2,  box . 3.00  ®  3.50 

Tomatoes,  lb . 10  @  .15 

Lettuce,  doz . 50  ®  .65 

NUTS 

Chestnuts,  bu .  2.00 

Shellbarks,  per  60  lbs .  1 .00 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Chickens,  Broilers,  lb . 

Fowls . U 

Roosters  . . 

Ducks . 14 

Geese . 12 

Turkeys . 14 

Guineas,  pair . 40 

DRESSED  POULTRY 

Turkeys.  Spring,  best . 

Old  Common  to  Good . 

Chickens,  choice  broilers,  lb . 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 

Roasters . . 

Fowls .  13 

Spring  Ducks,  lb . 15  _ 

Squabs,  doz .  1.25  @  4.00 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 

Calves,  prime,  lb . 12 

Common  to  good . 

Buttermilks . 06 

Roasting  Pigs,  lb 

Pork.  Light . 09 

Heavy . 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Bay.  new  No.  1,  ton . 25.00  ®  26.50 

No.  2  .  23.00  ®  24.00 

No.  3 . 19.00  ®  20. UO 

Clover  Mixed . 20.00  <w  24  00 

„  Clover . 20.00  @  24.00 

Straw,  Rye . 17.00  ®  19.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 10.00  ®  11.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 5  10 

Bulls . 3.00 

Cows .  I.75 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 6.00 

Culls  .  4.50 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 2.60 

Lambs . 5  00 

Hogs . 6  50 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1.  Northern  Spring .  1.18 

No.  2,  Red .  1.02 

No.  2  Hard  Winter .  1.10 

Corn,  ns  to  quality,  bush . 77 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 50 

Rye,  No.  2.  Western . 96 

Barley,  choice .  1.15 


2.00 

@ 

3.50 

1  .UO 

@ 

2.60 

.11 

@ 

■1W. 

.11 

® 

.12  <4 

08 

<S> 

.14 

@ 

.15 

.12 

<s 

.13 

.14 

tff 

.16 

.40 

@ 

.50 

.20 

® 

.24 

.12 

@ 

.18 

.22 

@ 

23 

.18 

@ 

.20 

.20 

@ 

.22 

13 

® 

■m 

.18 

@ 

.13 

.  .08 

@ 

.11 

@ 

.07 

@ 

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@ 

■bOfil 

'd> 

.08 

<a  7.75 
@  4.50 
@  4.25 
®  9.50 
tff  5  50 
<«j  3.75 
'O)  6  25 
@  6  80 


Fine  and  Selections . 12 

Ohio.  Zimmer  s  Spanish . 19 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 

Dark  Leaf . . 

Bright  Cutters .  12 

Penn,  broad  leaf  fillers . 10 

„  CHICAGO 

Butter,  creamery .  .24 

Eggs,  good  to  prime  firsts . .17 

Live  Turkeys . 10 


® 
@ 
07&® 
10  ® 
® 


@ 


® 


9.76 

.10 

75 

.06 

.16 

.20 

.09 

.20 

.30 

.12 

.30 

.22 

.14 


row  is  . . 

Chickens . 

Potatoes,  bbl . 

. 10  @  .10^ 

Apples,  bbl . 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 

Lambs,  1 00  lbs . 

BUFFALO 

Butter,  creamery . 

Kggs,  state . 

. 30  @  .32 

Live  chickens . 

Fowls . . . 

. 11  @  .13 

Potatoes,  bbl . .  i  o.  an 

Calves,  live.  100  lbs . 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 

Lambs.  100  lbs . 

Hogs . 6 .75  @  6.66 

about 
10  to 
10  to 
all  of 


BOSTON  MARKETS. 

Beef  is  firm,  good  steer  beef  bringing  12 
cents  dressed  per  pound ;  other  grades, 

10  cents,  whole  or  in  cuts.  Lamb  is 

11  cents  per  pound  for  good ;  veal, 
1>1  cents.  The  demand  Is  good  on 
these  meats.  Ilogs  are  a  little  slow 

at  eight  to  8%  cents  per  pound  dressed. 
I  o  til  try  is  in  good  demand  at  14  cents  live 
weight  for  fowl  and  chickens.  Dressed 
fowls  bring  18  cents  a  pound ;  dressed 
chickens,  20  to  22  cents  a  pound ;  ducks, 
lo  to  17  cents;  turkeys,  20  to  25  cents  for 
good  quality  birds.  Eggs  are  in  fair  sup¬ 
ply,  but  strictly  fancy  fresh  are  in  good 
demand  at  38  to  42  cents  a  dozen  ;  fresh 
western  bring  33  and  storage  about  25 
cents  a  dozen.  Rutter  is  easy  with  a  fair 
supply  on  hand ;  from  30  to  33  cents  a 
pound  by  the  tub ;  other  grades  from  27 
to  30  cents.  Cheese,  about  14  to  16  for 
cream;  skim,  10  to  12  cents. 

Produce  in  Boston  market  Is  fairly 
tive  at  present  time,  and  sales  for 
most  part  are  satisfactory.  Squash 
an  exception,  being  in  large  supply 


ac- 

the 

are 

and 


.81 

.65 

1 .00 
1.2U 


not  enoitgh  demand  to  secure  reasonable 
prices,  selling  as  low  as  50  cents  a  barrel 
in  many  eases.  Cabbage  sell  very  well,  as 
late  varieties  are  not  heading  very  well 
and  thus  the  supply  Is  not  overlarge  as 
yet.  Potatoes  are  going  better,  the  re¬ 
ceipts  from  Maine  being  not  too  heavy,  as 
growers  are  reported  to  be  holding  for 
higher  prices  to  some  extent.  The  local 
crop  is  a  failure  in  many  cases,  although 
a  few  people  claim  a  good,  fair  yield. 
Massachusetts  is  not  a  potato  State  by  any 
means,  and  does  not  raise  one-quarter 
enough  even  to  supply  her  own  people. 
Boston  price  is  about  85  cents  per  bushel, 
8l.fi0  per  two-bushel  bag.  Sweets,  $3  to 
.>.>..>0  a  barrel.  Cabbage,  75  cents  to  .$1  for 
Drumheads  and  00  to  85  cents  per  barrel 
for  Savoy ;  many  are  sold  loose  at  about 
live  cents  ^each.  Celery  is  high  at  from 
•>1  to  $1.75  per  dozen  bunches.  Carrots 
are  75  cents  a  bushel ;  turnips,  yellow,  50 
cents  a  box ;  white,  50  to  00 ;  beets,  50 
.cents  a  bushel,  or  two  cents  per  bunch. 
Onions,  $1  to  $1.25  per  bushel;  $1.50  to  $2 
per  100  pound  bag.  Lettuce  is  off,  as  a 
large  supply  has  been  received  from  the 
South  ;  native  brings  around  30  cents  per 
bushel  box  when  sold.  Much  is  unsold  at 
present  time,  and  will  be  thrown  away. 
Tomatoes  are  in  small  supply  at  75  cents 
to  $2  per  box,  and  75  cents  for  green  ones. 

Apples  are  selling  at  fair  prices  for 
good  varieties,  lint  poor  grades  go  very 
slowly  except  windfall  Baldwins,  which  al¬ 
ways  sell  at  some  price  in  Boston  market 
when  you  can’t  give  green  fruit  away.  A 
large  _  crop  is  reported  across  the  water 
both  in  England  and  in  Europe,  and  until 
tli  is  is  out  of  the  way  no  large  demand 
will  come  from  that  quarter.  Massachu¬ 
setts  crop  is  uneven  and  below  the  aver¬ 
age.  A  local  canning  factory  has  shut 
down  after  a.  short  run  and  gone  to  their 
Maine  factory  to  finish  the  season.  Table 
apples  go  at  about  $1  per  bushel,  a  few 
higher.  Common  cooking  apples  from  40 
to  75  cents  per  bushel.  Pears  are  in  de¬ 
mand,  but  sell  rather  low  in  price  for  the 
small  supply  on  hand ;  75  cents  to  $1  a 
bushel  for  the  poorer  lots,  $1.50  to  $2.50 
for  tlie  better  grades.  Cranberries  go  very 
well  at  $5.50  to  $7  a  barrel,  being  good  In 
quality.  Quince  are  scarce  and  bring  $2.50 
to  $3  a  bushel.  Crapes  sell  very  well  at 
from  12  to  15  cents  a  basket.  Chestnuts 
sell  at  $3  to  $3.50  a  bushel  for  northern 
grown.  Native  walnuts,  $1.50  to  $2 
bushel.  A. 

Hopkinton,  Mass. 

TRADE  IN  BALTIMORE. 

In  population  Baltimore,  Md„  with  its 
about  (500,000  population,  stands  among 
the  large  cities  of  this  eo'intrv.  In  all 
around  importance  to  the  food  trades  none 
excels  it.  Its  boundaries  are  good  farm¬ 
ing  lands,  and  an  excellent  harbor,  Chesa¬ 
peake  Bay,  navigable  for  large  steamers. 
Nearly  20  ocean  linos  have  dockage,  and 
the? c  are  numerous  coastwise  and  river 
steamers.  During  1910.  1.931.002  bushels 
of  wheat.  8,500,934  of  corn,  87?)  040  barrels 
of  flour,  and  1(5,253  bushels  of  clover  and 
Timothy  seed  were  exported. 

Two  great  trunk-line  railroads  have 
freight  stations  in  various  parts  of  the 
city  and  extensive  yards  near  the  docks 
In  much  of  the  business  district  it  is  pos¬ 
sible  to  receive  and  ship  goods  with  short- 
haul  trucking  and  but  little  delay  from 
street  blockades.  That  is  one  peculiarity 
about  commercial  Baltimore.  Wherever 
you  go  things  are  moving  along  steadily 
tint  with  little  confusion.  To  a  large  ex¬ 
tent  mules  do  the  hauling  and  negroes  are 
the  drivers. 

The  wholesale  produce  business  is  scat¬ 
tered  over  a  rather  wide  area  about  the 
downtown  freight  stations.  It 
much  tlie  same  as  in  other  mar- 
of  the  stuff  beiug  sold  on 
and  in  railroad  yards  and  the 
hauled 


e.  p. 


per 


After  tlie  groat  fire  of  1904  the  city  ac¬ 
quired  a  large  tract  of  burnt-over  land  on 
Jones’  Falls,  between  Pratt  and  Baltimore 
streets.  Three  brick  buildings  were  put 
up,  one  a  fish  market,  one  for  retail  pro¬ 
duce  and  another  for  farmers’  wagons. 
That  and  tlie  larger  market  place  in  front 
of  the  buildings  will  accommodate  several 
hundred  wagons,  and  there  is  shed  room 
for  a  large  number  in  stormy  weather. 
Here  the  truckers  within  driving  distance 
of  the  city  come  with  loads  of  fruits  and 
vegetables,  largely  sweet  potatoes  at  pres¬ 
ent,  and  the  goods  are  available  to  a  va¬ 
riety  of  buyers.  Grocerymcn  and  peddlers 
are  on  hand  with  wagons  to  get  what  they 
want,  and  buyers  for  the  produce  houses 
get  the  remainder.  Tuesday  and  Friday 
are  the  great  market  days,  but  during  the 
trucking  season,  which  is  long  in  that 
climate,  every  week  day  brings  many  loads 
of  produce  to  this  market  place. 

There  are  10  retail  markets  in  the  city, 
some  quite  small.  The  largest  and  busiest 
is  that  on  Lexington  street,  covering  five 
blocks  west  from  Eutaw.  It  is  about  1.000 
feet  long  by  75  wide,  and  when  in  full 
blast  the  streets  on  both  sides  are  occu¬ 
pied  by.  wagons  and  temporary  stands. 
Lengthwise  the  market  there  are  three 
walks  with  stands  on  both  sides.  The  cen¬ 
ter  is  largely  used  by  moat,  fish,  poultry 
and  _  butter  dealers.  Maryland  produces 
considerable  native  beef  and  does  not  de¬ 
pend  on  cold  storage  chickens.  On  the 
other  stands  are  fruits,  vegetables,  flowers, 
bakery  goods  and  practically  everything 
wanted  for  food.  Armed  with  baskets, 
which  may  be  bought  there  cheaply  in  any 
size  desired,  the  marketers  go  about  get¬ 
ting  what  they  want  at  a  discount  of  10 
per  cent  or  more  from  grocery  and  butcher- 
shop  prices,  besides  having  tlie  added  con¬ 
venience  of  getting  everything  in  one  place. 
Conditions  are  not  ideal  in  Baltimore,  but 
the  proportion  of  unnecessary  middlemen 
is  less  than  in  New  York,  and  there  is  far 
more  opportunity  for  direct  dealing  be¬ 
tween  farmer  and  consumer.  Unscrupulous 
boomers  for  New  York  commission  houses 
spread  the  idea  that  New  York  is  the  best 
place  to  sell  farm  produce,  no  matter  what 
the  quantity  or  where  grown,  but  we  feel 
very  certain  that  large  amounts  of  mid¬ 
southern  produce  that  comes  here  could  be 
handled  to  better  advantage  by  Baltimore 
commission  men. 

Baltimore  has  a  fruit  exchange,  where 
be  sold  at  auction.  One  side 
is  accessible  to  trucks,  and 
is  tlie  railroad  track,  where 
can  lie  run  and  unloaded  on 
of  the  building,  the  different 
put  in  separate  piles,  and 
open  to  as  much  inspection  as  tlie  manage¬ 
ment  decides.  Catalogues  giving  quantity 
and  lot  number  are  printed,  and  armed 
with  these  tlie  buyers  and  auctioneer  got 
together  in  the  room  above.  This  auction 
plan,  with  various  modifications,  is  now 
used  in  nearly  all  large  markets,  as  it  lias 
been  found  a  most  economical  and  satisfac¬ 
tory  way  of  selling  graded  products,  both 
as  to  quick  distribution  and  just  prices. 
The  common  idea  of  an  auction  is  a  forced 
sale  at  which  buyers  take  advantage  of 
the  sellers’  necessity  and  get  a  large  pro¬ 
portion  of  tlie  goods  at  less  than  actual 
value.  But  tills  is  not  true  of  the  fruit 
auction.  Here  are  the  goods,  properly 
labeled  and  graded,  and  here  are  the  men 
who  want  to  buy  them,  and  know  very 
nearly  what  they  are  worth.  Tlie  result 
is  a  form  of  wholesome  competition  that 
comes  very  near  establishing  prices  on  a 
basis  of  actual  supply  and  demand.  In 
New  York  some  eastern  grown  fruit  is  now 
being  sold  at  auction,  and  plans  are  being 
made  to  extend  this  service  so  that  vege¬ 
tables,  dairy  and  poultry  products  may  be 
sold  in  the  same  manner.  We  shall  have 
more  to  say  about  this  later. 


products  can 
the  building 
on  the  other 
cars  of  fruit 
ground  floor 
marks  being 


Basin  and 
is  handled 
kets.  part 
wharves 
mainder 


to  the  receivers’ 


re¬ 
stores. 


The  tobacco  crop  of  the  Green  River, 
Ky„  district,  about  30,000,000  pounds,  has 
been  cut  and  housed. 

The  Long  Island  potato  crop  has  been 
disposed  of  unusually  early  this  year.  Less 
than  15  per  cent  is  now  m  tlie  hands  of 
growers,  some  of  whom  are  holding  lor  $1 
per  bushel.  Those  wno  sold  recently  got 
90  to  95  cents. 

In  New  York  City  the  value  of  manufac¬ 
tures  lias  increased  33  per  cent  in  five 
years.  The  total  amount  of  capital  in¬ 
vested  is  $1,3(54,353.000 ;  cost  of  material 
used  in  one  year,  $1,092,155,000;  selling 
value  of  the  product,  $2,029,093,000. 

The  national  mid-Winter  sheep  show 
will  be  held  in  Omaha,  Neb.,  Dec.  13-10. 
There  will  be  premiums  aggregating  $6,- 
000,  and  special  reduced  fares  are  offered 
by  many  railroads.  Any  further  informa¬ 
tion  may  be  bad  from  the  secretary,  A.  F. 
Stryker,  Commercial  Club,  Omaha,  Neb. 

This  year  the  Pennsylvania  State  Corn 
Show  will  be  a  part  of  the  big  Winter  fair 
which  the  Livestock  Breeders’  Associa¬ 
tion,  tlie  Dairy  Union  and  tlie  Horticul¬ 
tural  Association  of  Pennsylvania  will 
hold  at  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  January  15-20 
next.  Every  county  in  the  State  should 
be  represented.  Save  your  best  corn  and 
try  to  beat  Greene,  I-ancaster  and  Ches¬ 
ter.  Over  70  cash  prizes.  Entrance  free. 
Prizes  for  grange  and  club  exhibits,  for 
best  half-bushel  (30  ears),  for  biggest  car 
and  longest  car.  Write  to  T.  D.  Harman, 
Jr.,  1 10  Shady  avenue,  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  for 
particulars. 

The  Seed  Trade  Reporting  Bureau  is 
establishing  a  laboratory  for  testing  seed. 
Owing  to  tlie  increased  demand  for  seed 
testing  the  State  laboratories  are  crowded 
while  the  fact  that  reports  from  the  Wash¬ 
ington  laboratories  cannot  be  used  for  ad¬ 
vertising  purposes,  is  regarded  as  a  disad¬ 
vantage  commercially.  The  equipment  of 
this  laboratory  is  identical  with  that  used 
in  tlie  United  States  seed  laboratory  at 
Washington  and  approved  by  the  Associa¬ 
tion  of  Official  Seed  Analysts.  James  E. 
Benedict,  Jr.,  who  has  had  three  years’ 
experience  in  the  United  States  Govern¬ 
ment  seed  laboratory  at  Washington  and 
afterward  established  and  was  in  charge 
of  the  Virginia  State  laboratory  at  Rich¬ 
mond.  has  been  engaged  as  seed  analyst 
for  tills  new  laboratory. 

Official  reports  to  the  Department  of 
Trade  ard  Commerce  by  the  Canadian  Gov¬ 
ernment  chief  inspector  of  grain  at  Win¬ 
nipeg  October  (5.  shows  a  heavy  decrease  in 
the  high  exportable  grades  and  heavy  in¬ 
creases  in  the  low  grades.  There  were  only 
1,05(5  cars  of  “No.  1  Northern,”  compared 
with  2.421  cars  in  September,  1.910;  4,102 
cars  "No.  2  Southern,”  compared  with  4,614 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  November  4,  1911. 

FARM  TOPICS. 

Another  Step  in  Silo  Building .  1065 

Irrigation  of  Alfalfa .  10(57 

Wliy  Clover  Winter- Kills .  1069 

The  White  Grub  Problem .  10(5!) 

The  Vetch  Crop . ; .  io^<) 

A  Hillside  in  Sod .  1071 

Fish  as  Fertilizer . 1 072 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

What  is  ‘‘Homogenized  Cream?” .  1065 

The  World’s  Largest  Cheese . 10(57 

Serum  for  Hog  Cholera .  1072 

Hens  on  a  Dairy  Farm .  1073 

No  Angora  Goats  for  Maine .  1082 

Dutch  Belted  Cattle .  1082 

Killing  Dorset’s  Horns .  1082 

Oxen  and  Horse  Team., .  1082 

The  Boston  Milk  Situation .  1083 

The  Milk  Inspector’s  Score  Card .  1083 

Heavy  Producing  Cows .  1083 

Auction  Prices  .  1083 

A  Barn  Broom .  1083 

Judging  Utility  Poultry .  1084 

Failure  to  Keep  Contracts .  1084 

Is  This  Yield  Fair? .  1084 

White  Diarrhcea  in  Chicks  .  1084 

Foul  in  Foot . .  io,85 

£co,,rs  .  1085 

Leaking  Milk ;  Skin  Trouble  of  Horse  1085 

HORTICULTURE. 

An  Old  Tree  Agent  Talks . 10(55,  1006 

Apples  on  a  Milk  Route .  10(50 

A  Test  Orchard  of  One-ycar  Trees..  10(57 

Greenhouse  Heated  by  Flue .  1008 

Oats  in  Strawberries .  10(58 

Winter  Care  of  Strawberries .  1009 

Hazelnuts  for  Profits .  10(59 

A  Woman’s  Garden  .  1009 

Trees  on  Their  Own  Roots .  10(59 

Some  Notes  on  Pecans . .  1009 

Dwarf  Apples  on  Doucin  Stocks....  1071 
Everbearing  Strawberries  .  1075 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day .  1078 

A  Cheap  Substitute  for  Cocoanut  I’ie  1078 

Crochet  Instruction  Wanted .  1078 

Two  Sugestions  for  the  Baby .  1078 

Chicken  Saut6  with  Potatoes  and 

Onions  . 1078 

Tlie  Last  of  the  Garden .  1079 

The  Rural  Patterns  .  1079 

The  Farm  Meat  Supply  .  1079 

Tested  Cakes  . . .  ,  ]  q80 

The  Puff-ball  as  a  Table  Delicacy.!!.  10S0 

Treatment  for  Falling  Hair .  1080 

Town  and  Country  Comparisons....  1081 
Meat  Scallops  .  1081 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Beginning  in  the  Bee  Business .  1006 

Curing  the  Liquor  Habit .  iO(56 

Galvanized  Roof  and  Rain  Water. . . .  10(58 

Stirring  the  Water .  ioff8 

Jerked  Beef  .  ,oos 

Chemicals  for  Purifying .  1009 

There’s  Your  30  Cents .  1070 

Mayor  Shank’s  Potato  Deal . !!  1070 

What  Causes  the  Mounds .  1 070 

The  Dug-Drilled  Well  .  1071 

1  filiations  of  Pure  Food  and  Drugs 

Act  .  1071 

Buffalo  Overcoats  for  Sale .  1071 

Editorials  . *#<  1076 

Events  of  the  Week .  1085 

Other  People’s  Money . 1080 

I  ubhsher  s  Desk  .  1080 

Trade  at  Baltimore  .  1087 


cars  in  September,  1910;  2,354  cars  No.  3 
Northern,”  compared  with  2,775  cars  in 
September,  1910;  585  cars  “No.  4  commer¬ 
cial  grade,”  compared  with  569  cars  in 
September,  1910,  and  901  cars  “rejected  ” 
compared  with  178  cars  in  September,  1910. 
Department  officials  say  the  report  indi¬ 
cates  a  vast  surplus  of  non-exportable 
wheat. _ 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-\ .  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
square  deal.  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

The  Rochester  Produce 

&  Commission  Company 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 

Highest  Prices  Paid  for  Butter,  Cheese,  Eggs,  Lard. 
Poultry,  Calves,  Beans,  Potatoes,  Etc. 

244-246  Clinton  Avenue,  North  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

Boston  Produce  Go. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.,  -  Boston. 

pi. EASE  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com¬ 
mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838  Butter 
Eggs.  Poultry.  Pork.  Calves.  Hay.  Grain.  lS 
Apples,  etc.  K.  11.  WOOlWAItll,  Sir.'  UrMunl.li  St.,  N.T, 

JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  TORN 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGSoUR  SPECIALTY 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 

Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  S  CO  Com. 
mission  Merchants.  284  Washington  St..  New  York. 

Wanted— A  Practical  and  Experienced  Man 

to  take  charge  of  a  one  hundred  acre  apple  and 
peach  orchard  in  New  Jersey,  set  out  this  year. 
Prim  honse.  Give  ago,  experience,  reference,  size 
of  family  and  wages  expected.  Address  “L,”  care 
of  Rural  New-Yorker. 

WANTFn-A"up  t°-date'  coliafiloand  experienced 
ll  Mil  l  lu  Fanner  to  work,  preferably  on  shares, 
a_  two  hundred  acre  farm  in  western  New  York. 
Good  land,  good  buildings  and  a  dairy  of  thirty 
cows.  Further  particulars  will  lie  given  to  inquirers 
who  state  experience,  ago,  education  and  resources. 
Address  S.  M.  J.,  caro  Rural  New-Yorker. 


AGENTS 

for  sample. 


to  sell  the  PRATT  AUTOMATIC  BLIND  SLAT 
CONTROL.  $2  to  $5  a  day.  Send  15  cents 
K.  I..  PRATT,  I.itclifielil,  Conn. 


B0TAT0ES  WANTED— I  want  to  buy  25  bushels  of  po- 
*  i  a  toes  direct  from  grower:  must  he  first-grade 
quality.  E.  R.  VOORIIES,  Oak  Trek,  N.  J. 


io«a 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


November  4,  1911. 


BUILDING  MMf 


PRICES 


NOW  IS  THE  TIME  TO  BUILD  OR  IMPROVE 


*527 


Our  price  for  the  material 
to  build  this  house* 


HOUSE  DESIGN  No.  Ill 

Here  is  a  neat,  cozy,  little  cottage 
I  that  can  be  built  at  the  minimum  of 
lcost  under  our  guaranteed  building 
proposition.  Size,  23  ft.  6  in.  wide  by 
33  ft.  Five  rooms  and  bath.  All  the 
I  comforts  desired  by  home-loving 
people.  Extra  large  porch.  Conveni¬ 
ent  interior.  For  the  price  it  is  impos¬ 
sible  elsewhere  to  secure  a  home  with  so 
many  excellent  features. 


CHICAGO  HOUSE  WRECKING  COMPANY 

THE  GREAT  PRICE  WRECKER. 


We  buy  supplies  at  Sheriffs',  Receivers',  and 
Factory  Sales,  besides  owning  outright  saw  mills 
and  lumber  yards.  Usually  when  you  buy  your 
building  material  elsewhere  for  the  complete  build¬ 
ings  shown  in  this  advertisement,  it  costs  you  from 
50  to  60%  more.  By  our  “direct  to  you”  meth¬ 
ods  we  eliminate  several  middlemen’s  profits. 

Every  stick  of  lumber  and  every  bit  of  building 
material  offered  in  this  advertisement  is  guaranteed 
brand  new  and  first  class:  as  good  as  you  can  pur¬ 
chase  from  anyone  anywhere. 

You  run  no  risk  in  dealing  with  us.  Our  capital 
stock  and  surplus  is  over  $1,500,000.00.  Our  18 


to  our  represen  ta- 
expense 


both 


cn 


ace 

re- 


Vl _ _ _ l _ 

faction.  Any  material  not  up  to  c 
tion  may  he  returned  at  our  freight 
ways  and  money  refunded  in  full. 

Our  wonderful  fall  building  offer  sets  a  new 
in  the  building  world.  Never  before  have  sue] 
markably  low  prices  been  published 

Our  stock  includes  practically  every  manufac¬ 
tured  article.  Besides  building  material  we  have  a 
complete  stock  of  Dry  Goods,  Clothing,  Boots  and 
Shoes,  Furniture,  Household  Goods,  Groceries  —  in 
fact  everything  needed  in  the  home,  on  the  field  or 
in  the  workshop. 


CORRUGATED  ROOFING 

Pep  Square  $1.25 

Roofing  Prices  Metal  roofing  is  superior  to  all 


Smashed. 


5660 


Our  price  for  the  material 
to  build  this  house. 


HOUSE  DESIGN  No.  149 

The  Mansard  roof  construction  of  this 
1  design  enables  the  owner  to  utilize  all 
space  to  the  best  advantage  and  get  the 
very  most  to  be  had  for  the  money. 
Size,  21  ft.  wide  and  28  ft.  deep;  six 
rooms,  bath  and  basement.  This  de¬ 
sign  offers  more  convenience  than 
many  larger  and  higher  priced 
houses.  Is  constructed  of  the  very 
|  best  materials  at  a  magnificent  saving. 

Our  price  for  the  material 
to  build  this  house. 

9m 


5698 


other  coverings.  A  fact  proven 
absolutely  and  conclusively  of  100 
years’  of  actual  experience.  We  carry 
a  complete  stock  of  all  styles. 

Here  is  a  roofing  offer  that  has 
never  before  been  equalled.  We 
have  5,000  squares  of  Corrugated 
Iron  Roofing  sheets  all  22x24x1  lA 
In.  corrugation.  Strictly  new  first- 
class  that  we  offer  at  $1.25  per 
square  Free  on  Board  Cars  at 
Chicago.  At  this  price  we  do  not  pay  the  freight, 
but  if  you  will  write  us  for  our  Great  Roofing 
Offer,  we  will  make  you  Freight  Prepaid  Prices 
lower  than  ever  offered  in  the  history  of  roofing 
in  aterial 

Our  stock  includes  painted  and  galvanized. 

We  can  furnish  it  in  flat,  corrugated,  standing 
seam,  “V  ’  crimped,  brick  siding,  beaded  ceiling 
and  in  ornamental  fancy  ceiling.  In  fact  we  can 
furnish  your  every  want  in  the  covering  fine. 

A  hammer  is  the  only  tool  needed  in  putting 
on  all  grades  but  the  standing  seam.  Wo  give  you 
free  with  every  order  for  3  squares  or  more  a 
handsome  serviceable  crucible  steel  hammer  that 
ordinarily  retails  from  75c  to  $1.00.  Write  today 
for  our  Great  Complete  Roofing  Catalog,  and  our 
latest  Roofing  quotations. _ _________ 

“PREMIER”  HOUSE  PAINT 

Per  Gallon  $1.08 


HOUSE  DESIGN  No.  6 

This  is  our  leader.  Size,  23  ft.  by  33 
ft.  6  in.;  7  rooms  and  bath.  There  has 
never  been  a  design  offered  that  can  be 
built  in  so  economical  a  manner  with 
less  material  to  produce  satisfactory 
results  and  a  general  effect  of  elegance 
than  this  house.  Has  satisfactorily 
bean  built  more  than  400  times 
during  the  last  two  years.  A  beautiful 
home  at  a  splendid  money-saving  price. 


5877 


Our  price  for  the  material 
to  build  this  house* 


HOUSE  DESIGN  No.  130 

Size,  25  ft.  10  in.  x  29  ft.  6  in.:  eight 
rooms  and  bath,  pantry,  vestibule  and 
large  hall.  A  square,  solid,  substantial 
construction.  All  space  is  advan¬ 
tageously  utilized.  The  Colonial 


windows  and  porch  columns,  are  dis-  §urpose * ^oldabyUpound  weight" 
tinctive  features.  For  convenience  and  Full  kegs— noisoiu  w 

artistic  arrangement,  general  elegance 
of  appearance,  and  low  price,  this  house 
is  unequalled. 


Mr.  V.  Michaelsen,  Supt.  of  our 
Great  Paint  Dept,  is  probably  the 
best  known  paint  man  m  the  world. 

His  picture  nas  appeared  on  millions 
of  gallons  of  cans.  He  is  our  guar¬ 
antee  of  quality.  Our  Ready  Mixed 
“Premier”  Brand  of  Paints  are  made 
under  a  special  formula  and  will 
gi  ve  the  best  service  and  satisfaction. 

Our  prices  range  from  $1.08  to  $1.21, 
depending  upon  quantity. 

Our  “Premier''  Barn  Paint  is  an  ideal  protection 
for  barns,  roofs,  fences,  outhouses  and  all  general 
purposes.  This  is  a  paint  in  which  Mr.  Michaelsen 
lias  put  all  his  personality.  Comes  in  green, 
maroon,  yellow,  lead,  red  and  slate.  OQ<i 

In  1  gallon  cans,  per  gallon . Ofcv 

In  25  gallon  cans,  (VS  barrel),  per  gallon. . .  .72c 
Write  to-day  for  our  Great  Color  Card  and  prices 


MONEY  SAVING  HARDWARE 
OPPORTUNITIES 

Complete,  wrought  steel,  copper  finish 
front  ooor  set.  Artistic,  attractive 
design.  Size,  4Jx3i;  Mortise  Of  J(| 
lock  complete.  Price,  per  set.  v  ■■“w 
Complete  wrought  steel,  antique  copper 
finish  plated  front  mortise  lock  3Jx31.  One 
key  and  one  pair  of  knobs;  two  escutch¬ 
eons  with  screws.  A  O  n 

Per  set . *I0C 


READY  ROOFING,  85c 


>/icr,,,0u 

TOUCH 


Our  Rawhide  Roofing  is  the  high¬ 
est  grade  roofing  at  the  lowest  price 
ever  offered.  It  has  a  foundation  of 
tough  fibre  texture  so  substantially 
prepared  that  it  is  well-nigh  inde¬ 
structible.  Every  foot  carries  our 
iron-clad  guarantee  to  be  absolutely 
right. 

This  is  our  price  for  Ajax  Brand  of 
Ready  Roofing.  It  is  put  up  108 
square  feet  to  the  roll.  Price  includes 
large  headed  nails  and  cement  suffi¬ 
cient  to  lay. 

Price  for  1-ply . 

These  prices  Include  freight  to  niinois, 
Indiana,  Iowa,  Wisconsin,  Ohio  and  Michigan 

Write  for  delivered  prices  to  other  states.  Samples 
furnished  free. 


85c 


Cur  price  for  the  material 
to  build  this  barn. 


5568 


OUR  JOIST  FRAME  BARN  No.  221 

Size,  36  ft.  by  48  ft.  Height  to  top  of  roof,  I 
38  ft.  6  in.  The  most  practical  and  service- 1 
able  barn  ever  designed.  No  heavy  timber  I 
in  the  entire  structure.  Self-supporting  roof.  I 
No  joists  in  hay-loft.  This  design  represents! 
strength,  rigidity,  economy  of  construction,  j 
and  is  absolutely  dependable  and  substantial. 
Write  us  for  more  complete  information. 


Our  price  for  the  material 
to  build  this  barn. 


5608 


OUR  “STAR”  BARN  DESIGN  No.  270 

Size,  53  ft.  wide  by  80  ft.  long  24  ft.  to  comb. 
An  ideal  barn  for  farmers  raising  stock 
on  a  moderate  scale;  balloon  type.  The  hay¬ 
mow  extends  to  the  ground  floor  and  above  the 
grain  rooms  on  each  end  of  the  bam.  Cattle 
stalls  on  one  side  of  the  hay-mow;  horse  stalls 
on  the  other.  Excellently  ventilated  in  every 
part.  A  practical  barn  well  built  of  guaranteed 
first-class  material,  and  will  give  excellent,  all 
around  satisfaction. 


Our  price  for  the  material 
to  build  this  barn.)' 


$37.50  BUYS  COMPLETE 

BATHROOM  OUTFIT 

Here  is  an  outfit  that  is  good 
I  enough  for  any  home.  It  is 
strictly  A  No.  1  and  first-class 
in  every  particular.  The  bath 
tub  and  lavatory  are  white  ror- 
celain  enameled  over  iron.  The 
closet  is  a  syphon  acting  low 
|  down  outfit. 

_ _ It  is  our  lot  No.  5-AD-33. 

Our  handsome  Plumbing' Catalog  lists  many  other 
outfits  ranging  in  prices  from  $26.30  to  $92.50. 

We  will  furnish  all  the  Plumbing  material  needed 
for  any  of  the  houses  shown  in  this  advertisement, 
including  one  of  the  bathroom  outfits  described 
above,  besides  a  one  piece  roll  rim  white  enameled 
kitchen  sink,  with  white  enameled  drain  board,  a 
30  gallon  range  boiler  and  all  the  necessary  pipe 
and  fittings,  and  all  material  of  every  kind  to  com¬ 
plete  the  entire  plumbing  system,  including  all  fix¬ 
tures,  furnished  with  iron  pipe  connec-  OOQ  QE 
tions  for  the  sum  of . <gUO.Ow 


CEMENT  COATED  WIRE  NAILS 

Per  Keg .  $1.92 

A  patent  process  coats  these 
nails  with  a  cement  preparation 
that  lasts  forever.  Drives  easily 
but  are  hard  to  pull  put.  Once 


GALVANIZED  WIRE,  $1.35 

PER  100  LBS. 

It  is  suitable  for  fencing,  stays, 
grape  vines  or  any  purpose  where 
ordinary  wire  is  used.  This  Galvan¬ 
ized  Wire  which  we  offer  at  this 
Great  Bargain  Wrecking  Price  is 
brand  new,  smooth  stock.  In 
manufacturing,  wire  mills  accumu¬ 
late  mill  ends — irregular  lengths 
ranging  from  50  to  250  ft.,  which 
are  bundled  together  in  coils  of  100 lbs.  'the  wire 
itself  is  exactly  the  same  as  that  which  is  wound  on 
spools,  the  only  difference  being  that  the  lengths 
are  not  continuous.  Such  wire  is  known  as  Gal¬ 
vanized  Wire  Shorts. 

Handy  to  have  about  the  farm  for  many  pur- 

Eoses.  Extensively  used  by  fruit  growers,  fence 
uilders  and  all  kinds  of  repairs.  It  is  new,  smooth, 
clean  wire.  You  save  money  in  buying  from  us. 

$1.35  is  our  price  for  6  gauge.  Other  gauges  as 
follows: 

No.  8 . $1.40  No.  12 . $1.65 

No.  9 .  1.60  No.  14 .  1.75 

No.  11 .  1.60  Prices  are  per  100  lbs. 

Write  for  our  Free  Wire  Catalog,  which  includes 
prices  on  Samson’s  Wover  V/ire  Fencing  the  best 
all  around  farm  and  field  fence.  Also  quotes  low 
prices  on  Barbed  Wire  and  everything  in  the  wire 
and  fencing  line. 


5616 


. — -■|i'|ujni;inT.|iin|n|'T'’’Tl|^|[|tnnipmwB^[jj|^Hff|!lii^1 

BARN  DESIGN  No.  250 

Size,  30  ft.  wide  and  60  ft.  long,  18  ft.  to  top 
of  the  plate.  A  barn  arranged  exclusively 
for  horses.  Has  12  single  stalls,  5  ft.  each, 
and  6  double  stalls,  10  ft.  each.  Ten  foot 
driveway.  Can  also  be  used  as  a  horse  and  a 
cattle  barn  and  will  accommodate  12  horses 
and  18  head  of  cattle.  A  building  of  brand 
new  high  grade  materials,  dependable  construc¬ 
tion,  sanitary  and  generally  convenient 
throughout. 


HEATING  PLANTS 

We  will  save  you  30  to  50%  on  a 

modern  steam,  hot  water  or  hot  air  heat¬ 
ing  system.  A  modern  heating  system 
is  now  within  the  reach  of  all.  We  have 
hot  water  heating  plants  for  modern 
homes  all  the  way  from  $lGO  up. 

By  following  our  simple  plans  and  in¬ 
structions,  you  can  install  your  own  ma¬ 
terial,  thus  cutting  out  the  expense 
of  plumbers  and  steamfitters.  This 
together  with  the  great  saving  we  afford  you  on 
the  material  itself  Insures  a  saving  of  30  to  50% . 


use  them  and  you  will  have  no  others,  as  for  every 
niimnw  t.hev  are  far  superior  to  the  common  kind. 

$1.92 


Sizes  20D  to  60D  weight. 

Price  per  keg. .  •  . •, ; . .  •  •  • 

Other  sizes  equally  as  cheap 


IRON  PIPE  AND  FITTINGS 


Rejuvenated  Pipe,  in  ran¬ 
dom  lengths,  complete  with 
couplings,  suitable  for  gas, 
oil,  water  and  conveyance 
of  all  liquids.  Sizes  $  inch  to  12  inch. 

1  inch,  per  foot.  .3c  1  inch,  per  foot.  ,4c 
Send  us  specifications  and  we  will  quote  for  your 
exact  requirements.  Also  a  complete  stock  of  Valves 
and  Fittings. 


Our  price  for  the  material 
to  build  this  barn. 


ROUND  BARN  DESIGN  No.  206  „ 

Size,  20  ft.  in  diameter  and  16  ft.  high  to 
plate.  Has  14  sides,  each  side  14  ft.  A  16  ft. 
Silo  in  the  middle,  same  being  36  ft.  high  and 
will  hold  1 60  tons  of  silage.  Hay  capacity,  65 
tons.  Will  accommodate  100  head  of 
cattle.  The  many  and  excellent  features 
offered  by  this  construction,  the  high  grade 
materials  furnished  by  us,  and  our  extremely 
low  price  makes  this  a  bam  bargain  worthy  of 
thorough  investigation. 


FILL  OUT  THIS  COUPON 


No.  N.  IV. 
57 


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CHICAGO  HOUSE  WRECKING  CO.,  35th  and  Iron  Sts.,  CHICAGOI 


THE  CHIEF  FUNCTION  OF  LIME. 
Acidified  Soils  and  “Acid  Phosphate.” 

In  your  issue  of  August  26,  I  read  an  interesting 
article  by  Mr.  J.  C.  M.  Johnston  entitled:  “The  Story 
of  Lime.”  In  it  he  decries  the  use  of  caustic  lime 
because  it  “stimulates  the  soil”  so  that  excellent  crops 
are  obtained  by  the  father,  but  leave  it  depleted  for 
the  son.  Can  we  “have  our  cake  and  eat  it,  too”? 
Can  we  grow  excellent  crops  without  removing  fer¬ 
tility?  The  point  is  to  grow  the  crops,  to  double  the 
yield  which  we  are  now  obtaining  from  the  same  area, 
and  at  the  same  time  to  keep  up  the  physical  and 
chemical  properties  of  the  soil,  which  we  know  can 
be  do)ie  by  modern,  economic  methods. 

Mr.  Johnston  argues  that  because  caustic  lime 
burns  and  cracks  the  hands  when  applying,  it  must 
eat  up  the  humus  in  the  soil  in  much  the  same  way 
that  it  eats  the  skin  off  the  hands.  But  supposing 
the  hands  were  covered  with  a  layer  of  earth,  would 
it  then  eat  the  skin?  It  is  a  pretty  well-known  fact 
that  when  caustic  lime  enters  the  soil  it  unites  with 
the  free  organic  acids  and  is  no  longer  caustic,  but 
as.  Mr.  Johnston  expresses  it,  non-caustic.  In  other 
words,  it  has  been  neutralized,  and  in  turn  has  neu¬ 
tralized  the  acids  in  the  soil,  sweetened  the  soil,  so 
that  the  beneficial  bacteria  of  the  soil  can  multiply 
and  grow — the  bacteria  which  convert  organic  mat¬ 
ter,  humus,  etc.,  into  available  plant  food,  also  other 
forms  of  bacteria  which  gather  nitrogen  from  the 
atmosphere,  and  which  will  not  survive  and  thrive 
in  an  acid  soil.  It  is  a  question  whether  lime  di¬ 
rectly  acts  upon  the  humus  of  the  soil  to  any  con¬ 
siderable  extent  and  breaks  it  down.  Its  action  is 
secondary.  It  renders  the  soil  neutral  or  alkaline,  in 
which  condition  bacteria  thrive  and  perform  their 
appointed  work;  but  lime  alone  will  not  bring  about 
this  condition.  There  must  be  the  right 
amount  of  moisture  and  warmth,  all  in¬ 
fluenced  by  proper  drainage  and  cultiva¬ 
tion.  It  is  no  doubt  true  that  non-caustic 
lime,  such  as  marl  and  even  finely  ground 
limestone,  will  sweeten  soils,  but  it  takes 
a  larger  quantity  and  a  much  longer  time 
to  accomplish  the  results  than  with  caustic 
lime. 

ACIDIFIED  SOILS. — But  the  point  to 
which  I  want  particularly  to  call  attention, 
is  the  statement  that  acid  phosphate  renders 
soils  sour.  What  is  there  about  acid  phos¬ 
phate  that  is  absolutely  known  to  produce 
this  result?  Is  it  not  an  assumption  rather 
than  a  known  fact?  It  is  assumed  that  it 
is  the  sulphuric  acid  used  in  dissolving  the 
phosphates  which  renders  soils  sour.  But 
if  acid  phosphate  is  properly  made,  there 
is  no  free  mineral  acid;  if  there  were,  it 
would  immediately  destroy  the  bags.  The 
sulphuric  acid  unites  with  the  lime  in  the 
phosphates  and  forms  sulphate  of  lime. 

Now,  is  sulphuric  acid  combined  with  lime 
any  more  likely  to  acidify  soils  than  it  is 
when  it  is  combined  with  potash,  as  sul¬ 
phate  of  potash,  or  with  ammonia,  as  sul¬ 
phate  of  ammonia?  So  combined,  is  sul¬ 
phuric  acid  more  harmful  than  that  de¬ 
posited  in  the  soil  in  the  rains  and  dews? 

It  is  reported  at  the  Rothamsted  Experi 


coal  is  consumed,  rich  in  sulphur.  However,  is  it 
not  more  likely  that  any  free  mineral  acid,  whatever 
its  source,  is  soon  neutralized  in  the  soil,  in  the 
same  zvay  that  caustic  lime  becomes  non-caustic  when 
it  is  mingled  with  the  soil?  It  is  well  known  that 


A  SUTTON  APPLE  TREE.  Fig.  435. 


SUTTON  APPLE  AS  GROWN  AT  HOPE  FARM.  Fig. 


ment  Station  in  England  that  over  17  pounds  of 
sulphuric  acid  is  deposited  to  the  acre  by  the  rains 
and  dews  during  the  year.  If  this  is  likewise  true 
in  this  country,  and  sulphuric  acid  renders  soils 
sour,  then  we  must  stop  the  rains  and  dews  from 
falling  on  our  soils,  especially  in  regions  where  soft 


there  are  millions  of  acres  of  extremely  acid  soil 
on  which  no  acid  phosphate  was  ever  used.  They 
had  acid  soils  before  acid  phosphate  was  discovered. 
The  Romans  used  lime  as  a  corrective,  before  the 
Christian  era. 

In  the  writer’s  opinion,  the  term  “acid  phosphate” 


is  unfortunate.  It  gives  the  impression,  at  least  to 
the  layman,  that  it  is  a  mixture  of  acid  and  rock 
phosphate,  whereas  it  is  a  complete  chemical  union, 
the  sulphuric  acid  taking  up  two  parts  of  lime  (form¬ 
ing  sulphate  of  lime),  leaving  the  phosphoric  acid 
combined  with  one  part  of  lime,  which  is  soluble  in 
water  and  thus  immediately  available  for  plant  nutri¬ 
tion.  The  name  invented  by  Liebig,  “superphosphate 
of  lime,”  is  much  better,  or  better  still,  the  abbrevia¬ 
tion  “superphosphate,”  which  is  used  to  some  extent 
in  this  country. 

It  is  believed  that  acid  phosphate  (superphosphate), 
in  addition  to  supplying  available  phosphoric  acid, 
available  sulphuric  acid,  and  available  lime  for  crop 
requirements,  also  exercises  a  stimulating  or  cata¬ 
lytic  influence  is  the  giant  or  in  the  soil,  and  also 
encourages  the  growth  of  beneficial  bacteria;  hence 
the  necessity  for,  and  value  of  an  excess  in  mixed 
fertilizers.  The  fact  is,  we  do  not  know  much  about 
the  complete  function  of  phosphorus  and  sulphur  in 
crop  production,  but  we  do  know  that  for  more  than 
70  years  the  great  discovery  of  Liebig,  namely,  super- 
pnosphate  of  lime,  has  helped  to  make  crops  grow, 
and  has  now  become  the  predominating  constituent 
in  all  successful,  complete  fertilizers,  w.  H.  bowker. 

R.  N.-Y. — Probably  Mr.  Bowker  does  not  wish 
to  be  understood  that  all  the  acid  phosphate  used  in 
fertilizer  is  “properly  made.”  We  have  seen  it  where 
the  bags  were  “eaten”  nearly  away  and  where  it 
stung  the  hands  on  using.  It  is  also  generally  un¬ 
derstood  that  sulphate  of  ammonia  does  act  to  sour 
the  land.  _  . 

HOW  OLD  A  TREE? 

The  buying  of  a  tree  is  a  problem  that  few  people  are 
prepared  to  solve  for  themselves  at  the  time  they  are 
to  do  the  actual  buying.  The  average  buyer  as  a  rule 
puts  the  whole  matter  of  size,  age  and  va¬ 
riety  up  to  the  nurseryman  from  whom  he 
intends  to  buy  his  trees,  but  puts  it  up  to 
the  nurseryman  in  such  a  way  there  is  no 
doubt  in  the  nurseryman’s  mind  that  no 
matter  what  advice  he  gives,  it  will  be 
treated  with  suspicion  that  lie  is  trying  to 
work  off  grades  and  varieties  he  has  a 
surplus  of.  The  nurseryman,  being  human, 
oftentimes  gives  the  right  kind  of  advice, 
but  in  such  a  way  as  to  encourage  the 
suspicion  in  the  mind  of  the  buyer,  who 
will  be  sure  to  go  contrary  to  the  advice 
given  and  take  grades  and  varieties  the 
nurseryman  is  glad  to  get  rid  of,  and  a£ 
the  same  time  give  his  customer  his  own 
choice. 

I  have  a  case  in  mind.  A  customer 
wanted  to  buy  asparagus  roots,  and  he 
wanted  strong  two-year  roots.  It  so  hap¬ 
pened  there  was  a  scarcity  of  -that  grade 
on  the  market,  with  a  heavy  demand  from 
retailers  to  supply  their  customers  who 
buy  in  small  quantities  and  pay  big  prices 
for  all  stock  that  shows  up  big  from  the 
beginning.  This  customer  wanted  10,000 
roots,  and  he  was  advised  by  the  nursery¬ 
man  to  plant  one-year  roots,  the  price  being 
one-half  that  of  the  two-year,  and  the  ad¬ 
vantage  of  a  young  root  was  two  to  one  in 
starting  growth  at  once  after  the  transplant¬ 
ing  and  the  future  growth  of  the  plant.  No  amount  of 
reasoning  would  convince  this  man  that  the  one-year 
plant  was  the  best  for  him ;  he  bought  the  large  roots 
and  paid  double  the  price  for  them.  At  the  same  time 
one  of  his  neighbors  bought  the  one-year  roots, 
planted  them  at  the  same  time,  and  hardly  had  a  lost. 


436. 


NEW  YORK,  NOVEMBER  II,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4124. 


lOSO 

plant  in  his  patch,  with  a  stronger  growth  the  first 
season,  and  a  paying  cutting  the  following  year.  The 
two-year  roots  had  a  loss  of  at  least  10  per  cent  in 
starting,  did  not  recover  from  the  shock  of  transplant¬ 
ing,  and  gave  no  cutting  the  following  year.  The 
greater  number  of  commercial  growers  of  asparagus 


A!  GOOD  WORK  'HORSE  HARNESS.  Fio.  437. 


now  plant  only  one-year-old  roots.  The  two-year 
roots  are  sold  to  dealers  who  retail  them  to  the  small 
garden  planters,  or  sell  them  through  agents  to  the 
beginners,  who  like  big  stories  and  big  plants  at  big 
prices,  and  who  never  give  the  practical  part  of  the 
matter  a  moment’s  thought. 

The  apple  tree  for  the  orchard  should  be  a  strong 
one-3?ear-old  tree — either  grafted  on  whole,  roots  or 
budded  on  whole  roots.  When  well  grown  all  of  the 
strong  growing  varieties  like  Baldwin,  Spy,  North¬ 
western  Greening,  Gravenstein,  Rambo,  etc.,  should 
be  three  to  five  feet  high  at  one  year  from  graft  or 
bud,  big  enough  to  allow  the  forming  of  a  low  head 
and  to  train  and  procure  the  shape  the  owner  may 
want.  The  transplanting  of  such  a  tree,  if  done  in 
the  Fall,  or  very  early  in  the  Spring,  will  hardly  in¬ 
terrupt  its  growth  the  following  season.  The  nursery¬ 
man  can  sell  this  tree  at  a  profit  for  one-half  the  price 
that  he  can  a  two-year  tree,  and  at  the  same  time 
give  his  customer  satisfaction  from  start  to  finish  of 
such  a  tree. 

When  it  comes  to  the  weak  and  crooked  growing 
varieties  it  is  best  to  get  a  good  two-year  tree  to 
transplant  into  the  orchard,  but  I  would  not  advise 
anyone  to  plant  the  poor  growing  varieties  without 
double-working  on  a  strong-growing  stock.  The  com¬ 
plaint  of  getting  varieties  untrue  to  name,  often 
causing  great  loss  to  planters,  can  be  done  away 
with  and  at  the  same  time  a  stronger  and  more  even 
growth  of  tree  can  be  had  by  planting  Northwestern 
Greening,  Northern  Spy,  Baldwin  and  such  strong 
growers  when  one  year  old.  Bud  them  the  following 
July  or  August  with  the  varieties  wanted.  Nursery¬ 
men  would  always  be  glad  to  contract  to  grow  these 
strong  growers  and  deliver  when  one  year  old  at  very 
reasonable  prices. 

If  older  trees  are  preferred,  then  plant  a  two-year- 
old  tree  six  to  seven  feet  high  and  calipering  three- 
quarters  inch  at  two  inches  above  the  bud. 
Never  plant  the  small  grades  of  two  and  three-year- 
old  apple;  a  three  to  four-foot  apple  may  be  two  or 
three  years  old,  a  stunted  tree  that  will  never  make 
a  good  tree.  I  would  prefer  a  good  one-year  apple 
tree  to  a  two-year  tree  at  the  same  price.  The  two- 
year  tree  has  partly  formed  a  head  in  the  nursery, 
and  as  a  rule  it  has  to  be  shaped  over  again  at  a 
large  loss  of  time  and  work. 

The  same  rule  holds  good  with  the  cherry  and 
plum,  especially  the  Japan  plums;  a  good  one-year 
tree  is  not  only  the  cheapest  in  price,  but  is  more 
sure  to  live  and  to  shape  the  future  head  than  is  an 
older  tree.  All  of  the  Japan  pears  are  better  planted 
when  one  year  old.  The  European  pear  should  he  at 
least  two  years  old  before  transplanting  from  nursery 
to  orchard.  A  good  two  or  three-year-old  tree  should 
be  six  to  seven  feet  high  and  three-quarters 
inch  caliper  about  two  inches  above  union  of  bud 
with  stock. 

The  peach  is  or  always  should  be  sold  when  one 
year  old  and  as  a  rule  are  graded  from  the  nursery 
row’s,  as  one  to  two-foot  straight  whips,  two  to  three- 
foot  branched,  three  to  four-foot  three-eighths  inch 
caliper,  four  to  five-foot  one-half  inch  caliper,  and 
five  to  six  feet  nine-sixteenths  inch  and  up  caliper. 
Whenever  caliper  is  given  in  connection  with  the 
height,  caliper  counts  before  height.  To  illustrate: 
A  tree  calipering  three-eighths  only,  but  feet  in 
height,  would  go  into  the  three  to  four-foot  grade, 
because  it  does  not  caliper  one-half  inch  it  cannot  go 
into  the  four  to  five-foot  grade.  At  the  same  time  a 
tree  calipering  nine-sixteenths  inch  which  was  four 
or  4^2  feet  high  goes  into  the  nine-sixteenths  or 


THE  RURAL.  NEW-YORKER 

five  to  six-foot  grade.  This  explains  some  complaints 
made  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  about  not  getting  trees  as  high 
as  expected  when  ordering  by  height  instead  of 
caliper.  When  grown  on  good  ground  and  favorable 
w'eather  the  trees  may  run  largely  to  the  heavier 
grades,  and  the  reverse  will  be  true  when  conditions 
are  unfavorable.  The  nurseryman  thus  finds  himself 
confronted  with  a  different  average  of  grades  dif¬ 
ferent  seasons,  and  he  will  make  his  prices  accordingly 
to  induce  customers  to  buy  the  grades  he  is  long  on. 
Most  planters  at  the  present  time  favor  a  larger  tree, 
four  to  five  feet,  and  many  the  larger  grades  of  five 
to  six  feet.  I  am  convinced  by  a  long  experience  that 
there  is  no  better  grade  of  peach  to  plant  than  a 
three  to  four-foot  tree  three-eighths  inch  caliper.  Ibis 
tree  has  body  enough  to  start  out  a  strong  top,  and  at 
the  same  time  is  small  enough  easily  to  overcome  the 
shock  of  transplanting.  The  larger  trees  are  coarse- 
rooted,  heavy-bodied,  and  when  severely  cut  back 
often  make  no  start  of  young  growth  at  all  the  fol¬ 
lowing  Summer.  My  experience  has  been  to  get  good 
results  that  a  three  to  four-foot  peach  tree  is  a 
better  tree  to  plant  even  if  one  had  to  pay  the  same 
price  that  would  be  asked  for  the  larger  grades. 

One-year  grape  vines,  one-year  blackberry  plants 
and  one-year  tips  of  black  raspberry  plants,  and  not 
transplants ;  one-year  currants  and  gooseberries,  di¬ 
vided  clumps  of  rhubarb,  are  all  the  best  and  cheapest 
to  plant.  A  two-year  plant  must  be  cut  back  in  the 


A  BUNCH  OF  SUTTON  APPLES.  Via.  438. 


grape  to  one  or  two  eyes,  and  with  the  currant  and 
gooseberry  the  tops  should  be  cut  back  to  a  few  inches 
above  ground  to  make  a  young  and  bushy  growth. 
Rhubarb  soon  becomes  old  and  worthless  when  al¬ 
lowed  to  grow  into  large  clumps,  and  needs  dividing 
again  and  again  to  keep  in  a  strong,  healthy  condition. 
Clumps  will  not  make  stalks  fit  to  cut  the  first  year  of 
planting  and  the  divided  root,  if  well  cared  for,  will 
make  a  strong  clump  by  the  second  year.  The  younger 
a  strong,  thrifty  plant  or  tree  can  be  transplanted, 
the  more  certain  it  is  of  withstanding  the  shock  of 
transplanting,  the  easier  it  is  trained  into  the  form 
we  want  it,  and  the  less  it  costs  us  to  buy  it. 

The  nurseryman  cannot  grow  a  tree  for  two  and 
three  years  at  as  good  a  profit,  even  though  he  charges 
treble  the  price  of  one-year  stock,  as  the  labor,  land 
rents  or  interest,  fertilizers,  digging,  packing  and 
handling  of  the  older  tree  has  cost  him  more  than 
the  extra  price  he  gets  for  it,  and  at  the  same  time 
the  loss  is  oftentimes  more  than  trebled  from  many 
causes.  One-year  plants  are  not  only  cheapest  but 
best  in  most  cases  for  the  planter,  and  most  of  the 
large  planters  are  finding  it  to  their  advantage  to 
plant  such  stock.  e.  s.  black. 

THE  SUTTON  OR  SUTTON  BEAUTY  APPLE. 

At  Fig.  438  is  shown  a  sample  of  the  Sutton  apple 
as  grown  under  sod  culture  at  Hope  Farm.  We  also 
show  the  tree  from  which  this  apple  was  taken. 
There  is  also  a  picture  of  a  branch  of  Sutton  grown 
by  Mr.  L.  J.  Clifton,  of  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y.  Beach 
states  that  Sutton  is  supposed  to  be  a  seedling  of 
ITubbardston.  The  fruit  is  intermediate  between 
Hubbardston  and  Baldwin  in  color,  texture,  quality 
and  season.  With  us  when  grown  in  sod  the  fruit 
has  a  dark  red  color — darker  than  most  of  the  Bald- 


Noveinber  11, 

wins.  It  is  a  better  dessert  apple  than  Baldwin, 
though  not  quite  so  desirable  for  all  cooking  pur¬ 
poses.  It  is  better  suited  for  a  fancy  market  trade. 
The  tree  as  shown  grows  upright  somewhat  after 
the  plan  of  a  Kieffer  pear  tree  and  is  disappointing 
to  those  who  do  not  know  the  fruit.  We  have  about 
150  trees,  and  were  tempted  to  cut  them  back  and 
top-work  to  other  varieties*  for  the  close  compact 
head  made  a  poor  showing  as  compared  with  larger 
trees.  As  our  trees  come  into  hearing  and  we  see 
the  fruit  in  other  orchards,  we  find  that  this  shape 
is  corrected,  as  the  weight  of  the  apples  pulls  down 
and  broadens  out  the  limbs.  Sutton  evidently  fails 
to  satisfy  in  many  locations,  but  with  us  it  gives 
promise  of  being  a  profitable  variety.  The  close 
compact  head  enables  us  to  plant  “fillers”  and  give 
them  every  chance. 


THE  DEER  NUISANCE  IN  MASSACHUSETTS. 

What  can  I  do  with  young  orchard  badly  damaged  by 
deer?  Tops  and  bark  arc  chewed  off.  Must  T  graft,  bud 
or  reset?  Is  there  a  way  to  keep  the  doer  out  or  away? 

Cambridge,  Mass.  c.  L.  c. 

For  the  fruit  growers  of  this  State  new  enemies 
seem  to  multiply  very  fast;  Brown-tail  and  Gypsy 
moths,  and  deer,  all  within  a  few  years,  to  say  noth¬ 
ing  of  lesser  enemies.  To  my  mind  the  deer  arc  a 
more  serious  one  than  all  others  in  many  parts  of 
New  England  to  those  who  wish  to  start  in  the  fruit 
business,  or  those  growers  Wishing  to  set  new  or¬ 
chards,  for  it  is  the  young  orchard  where  the  deer 
get  in  their  worst  work.  The  New  England  farmer 
has  not  been  brought  up  to  fence  his  land  against 
deer,  and  in  most  cases  it  is  not  practical  for  him  to 
do  so ;  so  the  average  fruit  grower  will  depend  upon 
the  gun  or  dog  to  protect  himself  as  best  lie  can  from 
State  protected  deer. 

At  Boston  a  big  fruit  show  will  be  held  to  boom 
New  England’s  possibilities  as  adapted  to  commercial 
fruit  culture.  Yet  I  am  certain  a  resolution  which 
would  •  favor  doing  away  with  this  nuisance  could  not 
be  passed  at  a  meeting  of  the  organization  in  charge 
of  that  show.  Although  Massachusetts  has  a  law 
which  allows  damages  to  those  whose  crops  are  dam¬ 
aged  by  deer,  my  experience  is  that  the  fruit  grower 
seldom  gets  anywhere  near  the  actual  damage  done. 
In  case  of  damage  one  should  immediately  notify  the 
town  or  city  authorities  and  in  the  towns  the  chairman 
of  selectman  assesses  the  damage  if  less  than  $20, 
if  more  than  that  amount  the  damaged  party  chooses 
one,  the  chairman  of  the  selectmen  one,  and  all  three 
then  assess  the  damage.  I  am  free  to  say  that  in  many 
cases  it  is  a  hard  matter  to  give  the  exact  damage. 

In  regard  to  trees  badly  eaten  or  broken  down  so 
they  will  not  make  good  shaped  and  well-balanced 
heads,  pull  them  out  every  time;  yet  such  trees  can 
be  set  in  nursery  rows  and  grafted  at  time  of  setting, 
leaving  little  or  no  other  top,  and  in  many  cases  will 
later  make  good  trees.  But  trees  which  have  been  eaten 
so  close  as  to  make  little  growth  and  are  thoroughly 
stunted  would  be  better  put  on  a  brush  heap,  especially 
apples.  Yet  I  have  found  that  Japan  plums  and  peaches 
even  when  badly  stunted  in  a  season’s  growth  may  by 
an  early  application  of  nitrate  of  soda  make  affairly  good 
growth  the  next  season.  This  last  Spring  I  replaced 
about  50  trees  of  Japan  plums  nearly  all  alive,  and  a 
few  others  should  have  been  replaced.  As  a  rule  no 


PLAN  FOR  FARM  GREENHOUSE.  Fig.  439. 

one  can  afford  to  fool  with  stunted  trees,  and  it  is 
better  once  in  a  while  to  pull  up  a  tree  which  later 
might  have  grown  all  right  than  try  to  coddle  a  lot  of 
worthless  ones.  I  believe  all  fruit  growers  and  farm¬ 
ers  should  unite  to  prevent  any  further  encroachment 
on  their  rights  by  the  sporting  class  who  look  upon 
the  farmer’s  land  as  a  game  preserve  for  themselves. 

Massachusetts.  H.  o.  mead. 

Texas  farmers  help  keep  the  roads  right:  “The  split- 
log  drags  which  are  used  for  keeping  the  country  roads  in 
good  condition  are  placed  on  each  road  leading  out  of  the 
city  Each  farmer  coming  into  town  hitches  the  drag  to 
Ids  wagon  and  hauls  it  for  a  mile  or  two,  leaving  it  for 
the  next  farmer,  who  does  likewise.  In  this  way  the  drag 
is  kept  moving  all  tho  time,  and  the  result  is  good  roads 
and  smooth  roads  in  all  kinds  of  weather.” 


THIS  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


1091  * 


1911. 

A  PRACTICAL  FARM  GREENHOUSE. 

Cost  and  Materials. 

I  built  the  greenhouse  shown  at  Fig.  439  myself, 
and  installed  the  heating  system,  without  the  aid  of 
carpenter  or  plumber,  though  I  do  not  claim  to  be 
much  of  a  carpenter.  Any  farmer  who  knows  how 
to  use  the  square  and  saw  can  build  a  greenhouse. 
My  house  is  20x  100  feet  and  is  what  is  known  as 
a  three-quarter  span  house,  with  the  long  slope 
freing  the  southeast.  It  is  built  of  cypress  lumber, 
which  was  cut  at  a  local  sawmill  in  this  county. 
This  is  much  the  best  material  for  greenhouse  con¬ 
struction,  but.  the  native  supply  in  this  part  of  the 
country  is  about' exhausted.  Next  to  cypress  I  would 
prefer  yellow  pine,  free  of  sap  wood.  For  the  walls 
4x4-inch  heart  cypress  posts  were  used,  set  five  feet 
apart;  those  of  the  south  or  lower  wall  about  three 
feet  above  ground,  of  the  north  wall  about  six  feet. 
The  center  posts  for  the  support  of  the  ridge  are 
19  feet  apart,  11  feet  above  ground,  and  are  of 
3x3-inch  cypress.  Similar  but  shorter  posts  were 
used  for  the  support  of  the  purlin  and  set  the  same 
distance  apart.  The  plates  were  2x6-inch,  with  the 
upper  corner  sloped  off-  so  as  to  face  three  inches, 
beginning  about  ^-inch  from  lower  edge  of  plate 
(see  diagram).  The  tops  of  the  posts  were  sawed 
off  with  a  slope  of  about  one  inch  to  the  outer  edge, 
so  as  to  give  the  plate  a  sufficient  fall. 

The  ridge  plate  and  the  purlin  were  2x4, 
the  former  with  a  groove  sawed  in 
it  1 J4  inches  from  top  and  nailed  on 
top  of  the  center  posts.  The  purlin 
was  placed  about  midway  between  plate 
and  ridge  for  the  support  for  the  bars 
on  the  long  slope  of  the  house.  No 
support  is  needed  for  the  short  bars. 

The  bars  were  1)^x3  inches  and.  I  had 
a  strip  J/2-inch  square  sawed  out  (with 
a  small  circular  saw)  of  each  side  of 
the  upper  edge  of  the  bar,  leaving  a 
tongue  J/2-inch  wide  in  center  to  drive 
the  points  in.  The  lower  ends  of  the 
bars  were  fitted  so  that  the  upper  side 
of  the  tongue  was  even  with  the  upper 
edge  of  the  face  cut  on  the  plate,  allow¬ 
ing  the  glass  to  butt  against  the  plate. 

This  will  leave  sufficient  of  the  face 
exposed  to  hold  the  putty  and  can  easily 
be  made  air  and  water  tight.  The  upper 
ends  of  the  bars  arc  fitted  to  rigid  plate 
so  as  to  admit  of  the  glass  being  pushed 
into  the  groove  sawed  in  the  plate. 

For  ventilators  I  used  window  sash, 
leaders  being  placed  between  the  bars 
at  proper  distance  and  sash  hinged  to 
ridge  plate.  The  glass  was  lapped  and 
firmly  secured  by  points  made  for  the 
purpose.  The  walls  were  closed  in  by  a 
double  layer  of  boards  with  building 
paper  between.  The  house  is  heated 
with  hot  water,  the  boiler  being  placed 
in  a  cellar  below  the  level  of  the  house. 

I  use  two  flow  pipes,  one,  a  three-inch, 
is  suspended  on  the  center  posts,  and 
has  seven  two-inch  returns.  The  other 
is  a  two-inch  pipe,  and  is  carried  along 
the  north  wall  and  has  two  2-inch  re¬ 
turns.  An  expansion  tank  must  be  pro¬ 
vided  at  the  highest  point  of  the  sys¬ 
tem.  I  use  a  10-gallon  barrel,  connected  with  the 
tbree-inch  flow  with  a  one-inch  pipe.  At  first  I 
heated  the  house  with  an  old  discarded  firebox  steam 
boiler,  but  later  purchased  a  new  greenhouse  boiler 
with  a  capacity  of  7,500  square  feet  radiation.  I  do 
not  know  exactly  what  this  house  has  cost  me,  but 
T  think  somewhere  between  $600  and  $700,  including 
the  boiler,  which  cost  $225.  As  I  stated  before,  I 
built  the  house  myself  and  the  above  estimate  does 
not  include  any  allowance  for  labor.  I  have  sold 
mere  than  enough  out  of  this  house  in  a  single  season 
to  pay  for  cost  of  construction.  m.  l.  benson. 

Union  Co.,  Ill. 


THE  ROADSIDE  TREE  PROBLEM. 

The  matter  of  planting  trees  along  the  roadside 
will  probably  be  a  debatable  question  until  it  becomes 
an  established  custom.  No  one  now  argues  against 
the  benefits  of  the  public  schools,  the  advantages  of 
public  libraries,  or  the  blessings  of  rural  free  de¬ 
livery.  Yet  the  beginning  of  these  good  things  met 
with  a  violent  opposition  that  now  seems  strange. 

The  writer  has  several  times  read  and  heard  that 
the  total  yearly  sales  of  privet  exceed  that  of  any 
or  all  other  trees  and  shrubs  combined.  If  that  is 
true,  it  means  that  people  are  more  and  more  beauti¬ 
fying  their  surroundings.  And  as  every  sunset  sees 
the  world  just  a  trifle  better  and  just  a  trifle  more 


beautiful  than  it  was  the  day  before,  it  is  certainly 
safe  to  believe  that  the  time  is  not  far  distant  when 
almost  every  roadside  will  be  a  bower  of  green 
throughout  the  Summer. 

American  travelers  in  France  and  Germany  tell 
us  that  fruit  trees  are  frequently  planted  along  the 
highways  in  those  countries,  and  express  delight  in 
having  seen  those  thoroughfares.  It  is  not  believed1 
that  that  practice  would  succeed  well  in  this  country. 
Since  the  Red  Astrachans  ripened  and  up  to  the 
present  time  travelers  along  a  local  road  have  helped 
themselves  freely  to  the  ripening  apples.  Stones 
were  used  in  most  instances  to  secure  the  fruit, 
and  the  trees  are  subject  to  more  or  less  annual 
mutilation.  Another  objection  against  apple  trees  for 
roadside  planting  is  that  they  are  not  high-headed 
enough  to  be  out  of  the  way  of  wagons,  and  most 
roads  are  not  wide  enough  to  permit  much  growth 
of  the  side  limbs.  Cherry  tree  branches,  either  in 
blossom  or  fruit,  are  carried  away  in  armfuls,  while 
their  habit  of  sprouting  makes  the  work  of  keeping 
the  fence  row  clean  bothersome.  Peach  trees  would 
rarely  reach  maturity,  the  public  breaking  the  limbs 
to  get  the  fruit.  In  fact,  the  planting  of  any  kind 
of  fruit  trees  along  the  roadside  simply  invites  pilfer¬ 
ing  and  consequent  injury.  The  American  chestnut, 
black  walnut  and  shellbark  are  good  tree's,  usually  tall 
and  stately  in  their  growth,  but  I  know  of  no  spray¬ 


ing  compound  that  will  enable  them  to  resist  the 
attacks  of  the  American  boy  when  the  nuts  ripen. 
Only  last  week  I  saw  a  boy  break  the  top  off  a 
pretty  roadside  chestnut  about  15  feet  high  to  get 
half  a  dozen  nuts,  when  all  around  him  were  large 
trees  with  limbs  that  nearly  touched  the  earth.  This 
too,  in  a  mountainous  country,  30  miles  from  a  town 
large  enough  to  be  called  a  city. 

Where  it  will  grow — and  that  means  any  soil  that 
will  produce  good  corn — the  Catalpa  speciosa  is,  in 
the  opinion  of  the  writer,  an  ideal  tree  for  roadside 
planting.  A  mile  of  them  in  bloom  is  a  feast  of 
beauty  far  beyond  my  power  to  adequately  describe. 
The  illustration,  Fig.  440,  of  Catalpas  along  a  road¬ 
side  in  Ohio  can  only  suggest  their  strikingly  hand¬ 
some  appearance  when  in  bloom.  A  trolley  runs 
a'ongside  them,  and  the  adjectives  of  the  passengers 
repay  the  kindly  owner  a  hundred  times  over  for 
the  slight  loss  of  corn  or  potatoes  they  cause.  The 
tiees  pictured  are  22  years  old.  The  maples,  the  Red 
and  Chestnut  oaks,  White  ash,  Yellow  poplar,  bass¬ 
wood,  sycamore,  White  willow — all  are  good  trees, 
and  by  no  means  exhaust  the  list.  Among  conifers 
there  is  none  better  than  the  White  pine. 

A  visit  to  the  woods  adjacent  to  the  places  where 
the  trees  are  to  be  planted  will  prove  of  far  more 
benefit  in  assisting  one  to  decide  what  varieties  to 
plant  than  any  long-range  advice.  Then  consult  the 


forester  of  your  State  experiment  station  for  details. 
America  has  the  largest  list  of  native  trees  of  any 
country  in  the  world.  And  don’t  leave  the  world 
till  you  plant  a  few  of  them,  at  least.  This  generation 
will  respect  you  and  the  next  one  will  think  of  you 
as  a  mighty  good  fellow.  S.  H.  madden. 

Bradford  Co.,  Pa. 

WATERING  AND  FEEDING  COLONY  CHICKS. 

At  the  Cornell  College  of  Agriculture  a  large  out¬ 
side  farm  is  devoted  to  raising  brooder  chicks.  On 
the  large  range  which  the  farm  affords  approximately 
4,000  chickens  were  reared  last  year  in  gasoline  heated 
colony  houses  in  flocks  of  250  to  300 'each.  One  person 
did  practically  all  of  the  work  except  the  hauling  of 
the  feed  and  water,  which  it  was  necessary  to  bring 
from  a  distance.  The  only  extra  help  required  was 
occasionally  during  the  season  when  the  chickens  were 
very  young,  when  it  was  necessary  to  have  a  little 
additional  help  to  clean  the  houses  once  a  week.  Out 
of  2,380  leg-banded  chickens  from  the  experimental 
stock,  there  were  hatched  and  reared  to  market  age 
or  maturity,  84  per  cent.,  which  speaks  well  for  the 
method  of  brooding  and  system  of  feeding.  # 

The  picture,  Fig.  441,  shows  a  low-down  wagon 
which  was  devised  for  carrying  water,  feed  and  milk 
to  the  chickens  on  the  range.  The  barrel  is  fitted 
with  large  hose  and  molasses  gate  for  filling  the  water 
pans  without  dipping  it  from  the  barrel. 
It  is  allowed  to  run  into  the  barrel  by 
gravity  from  an  elevated  tank.  Two, 
years  ago,  when  they  were  rearing  the 
chickens  on  another  farm,  two  persons 
loaded  the  wagon,  drove  to  the  field, 
took  care  of  about  2.500  chickens — feed¬ 
ing,  watering  and  giving  milk — and  re¬ 
turned  to  the  plant,  about  three-quar¬ 
ters  of  a  mile  away,  and  did  the  work 
in  less  than  an  hour  a  day.  In  this 
illustration  is  shown  the  cornfield  which 
furnishes  one  of  the  finest  ranges  for 
young  chickens  on  account  of  the  shade 
and  the  tender  young  weeds  that  start 
between  cultivations,  which  furnishes 
excellent  green  food.  The  chickens  are 
also  well  protected  from  the  hawks  and 
crows. 


THE  FARM  HARNESS. 

If  any  farmer  will  stand  at  a  large 
milk  receiving  depot  or  other  point 
where  farmers’  teams  assemble,  he  will 
probably  be  struck  to  note  how  few  of 
the  horses  have  clean,  well-kept  har¬ 
ness.  The  harness  in  many  cases  looks 
as  if  it  had  never  been  cleaned  for 

months.  Considering  the  rise  in  the 
prices  of  all  good  harness  and  the 

cheapness  of  good  harness  composition 
and  oil,  it  is  a  good  investment  to  buy 
a  small  stock  of  these  preparations,  and 
apply  to  the  harness  once  a  week.  A 
single  set  of  harness  can  be  oiled  over 
with  a  brush  in  half  an  hour;  it  is  not 
necessary  to  open  up  all  the  buckles 
every  time,  as  the  oil  can  be  well 
worked  in  with  the  brush.  By  doing 
this  the  harness  is  always  in  a  soft 

pliable  condition,  and  can  be  easily  al¬ 
tered  for  different  horses  in  a  few 

minutes,  instead  of  having  to  wrestle  with  dry,  hard 
straps  in  buckles,  and  having  the  leather  cracking  in 
many  places.  By  going  over  the  harness  every  week 
small  repairs  can  be  detected  and  made  before  they 
go  too  far.  I  think  that  any  man  who  uses  a  knife 
to  make  a  hole  in  harness  should  be  made  to  buy  a 
new  strap,  or  keep  the  leather  punch  handy. 

I  have  noticed  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  a  good  deal  about 
sore  shoulders  on  horses,  and  I  think  that  if  every 
farmer  or  horsekeeper  would  buy  10  cents’  worth 
of  sugar  of  lead  and  put  it  into  a  quart  bottle  of 
water,  and  have  a  sprinkler  cork  in  it,  and  at  the 
first  signs  of  soreness  wash  the  shoulders  two  or 
three  times  a  day,  they  would  soon  cure  sore  shoul¬ 
ders,  provided  the  collar  fits  well.  Some  horses  have 
naturally  soft  shoulders,  and  in  Summer  always 
scald,  but  I  have  cured  with  above  remedy  when 
others  failed.  I  have  worked  my  horse  all  the  last 
hot  Summer  in  the  harness  shown  in  Fig.  437,  and  he 
has  been  on  the  cultivator  all  day  and  has  kept  cool. 
I  have  snap  bits  and  rope  reins,  a  wide  canvas  back¬ 
hand  with  snaps  to  catch  on  to  the  chains;  have  the 
backhand  set  well  back,  and  the  horse  will  never 
put  his  feet  over  chains  in  turning.  If  you  have  a 
double  set  like  this  it  makes  good  plow  harness  and 
saves  your  horses.  heather. 

Belgium,  with  11,373  square  miles,  has  7.315.5G1  in¬ 
habitants.  Poultry  keeping  supplies  a  large  share  of  the 
food. 


A  ROADSIDE  ROW  OF  CATALPAS.  Fig.  440. 


A  WATER  WAGON  FOR  COLONY  CHICKS.  Fig.  441. 


7082 

FARMERS’  CLUB 

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Cleaning  a  Well. 

E.  R.  T.,  Cape  Vincent,  N.  Y. — On  the 
place  I  have  just  bought  are  two  old  wells 
with  water  in  them.  I  want  to  clean  out 
one  and  put  in  a  windmill.  The  well  is 
walled  up  with  stone.  How  shall  I  go  to 
work  to  clean  it  so  the  water,  will  be  safe 
to  use? 

Ans. — If  the  M’cll  has  been  contam¬ 
inated  by  the  deadly  cesspool  or  barn¬ 
yard  I  would  be  disposed  to  make  a 
new  well,  but  if  the  water  is  merely 
stagnant  from  not  being  used,  it  would 
seem  that  pumping  it  out  a  few  times 
and  washing  the  walls  thoroughly  each 
time  would  put  it  in  good  shape.  In 
localities  where  good  water  can  be 
found  by  drilling  in  the  rock,  they  make 
the  most,  sanitary  wells,  if  the  driller 
does  a  good  job  of  casing  off  every¬ 
thing  above  the  rock  formation. 

J.  f.  v.  s. 

Lucretia  Dewberry  in  Massachusetts. 

E.  IF.  G.,  Boston,  Mass. — I  have  a  Lucre- 
tia  dewberry  vine  whicn  has  been  in  my 
garden  for  four  years;  it  grows  luxuriantly 
with  strong  canes  and  this  year  blossomed 
fully,  but  hardly  any  berries  set,  and  only  a 
dozen  or  so  of  very  inferior  berries  rip¬ 
ened  It  is  not  worth  the  space  I  give  it, 
and  I  must  pull  it  up  unless  you  can  tell 
me  what  is  the  trouble  and  how  I  can 
remedy  it. 

Ans.' — The  Lucretia  dewberry  is  a 
native  of  West  Virginia,  and  does  not 
seem  to  be  well  suited  to  northern 
climates.  I  know  some  bushes  in 
Northern  Michigan  that  have  been  act¬ 
ing  much  like  those  complained  of  by 
E.  W.  G.  It  is  my  opinion  that  the 
blossoms  do  not  pollinate  well.  It  may 
be  that  they  need  the  benefit  of  the 
pollen  from  other  varieties.  However, 

I  have  seen  many  large  patches  and 
fields  of  that  variety  in  several  of  the 
Eastern  States  that  were  bearing  well. 

I  would  suggest  getting  a  plant  of  some 
other  dewberry  and  setting  it  next  to  the 
Lucretia  and  await  results. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 

Trouble  with  English  Walnuts. 

H.  S.,  St.  Catherines,  Out. — 1.  Can  some 
authority  tell  me  why  my  English  walnuts 
(Juglans  regia)  do  not  succeed?  I  planted 
nuts  last  Spring  and  they  made  a  growth 
of  about  eight  inches  only,  and  three-year- 
cld  trees  have  only  made  about  six  inches 
of  wood  this  year.  They  survive  the  Win¬ 
ter  well,  though  some  trees  kill  back  a.  few 
inches.  Soil  is  three  feet  deep,  of  good 
loam,  clay  bottom  and  underdrained.  Every 
Spring  these  trees  start  well  until  in  full 
leaf  which  is  about  July  1  ;  then  the 
foliage  blackens  or  blights  from  the  outer 
edges  and  the  trees  make  practically  no 
more  growth  the  remainder  of  season.  This 
is  a  natural  nut  country  and  English  wal¬ 
nuts  do  well  on  all  sides  of  my  location, 
some  trees  being  about  40  years  old,  and 
as  many  feet  high,  producing  annual  crops 
of  fine  nuts.  1  have  read  that  they  are 
very  capricious  about  soil.  If  so  would 
grafting  on  the  native  stock  overcome  this 
weakness? 

Ans. — There  must  be  some  peculiar-  I 
ity  about  the  soil  or  situation  why  these 
English  walnuts  do  not  thrive.  The 
fact  of  these  trees  being  affected  last 
year  in  the  same  way  would  indicate 
some  disease  or  some  unfavorable  con¬ 
dition  in  the  soil  or  surroundings.  If 
these  are  only  affected  while  same  va¬ 
riety  do  well  all  about,  would  indicate 
some  local  trouble.  It  is  a  fact  that 
the  English  walnut  is  of  very  slow 
growth  for  a  few  years  until  it  gets 
well  established,  after  which  it  is  a 
strong  .grower  and  remarkably  healthy. 

I  know  trees  30  feet  in  spread  of  top 
and  40  or  more  feet  high  that  bear  good 
crops  of  nuts  annually.  I  hardly  think 
grafting  on  such  stock  would  make 
much  difference  with  the  result.  The 
only  sure  way  to  tell  is  to  try. 

j.  s.  WOODWARD. 


THE  K.U  RAL  NEW-YORKER 


November  li 


New  Plums  from  Dakota. 

Much  work  has  been  done  by  Professor 
Ilansen  of  the  South  Dakota  Experiment 
Station  (Brookings)  in  the  production  of 
hybrid  plums,  the  native  sand  cherry-  of  the 
being  used  to  work  upon.  Bulletin 
by  the  Station,  gives  a  very  in- 


Wes  t 

130,  issued 


a 

teresting  discussion  of  these  fruits.  The 
work  was  begun  in  1S95,  a  great  number  of 
wild  plants  being  collected  from  the  West¬ 
ern  States  and  Canadian  Northwest,  while 
cultivated  fruits  were  obtained  from  Amer¬ 
ica,  Asia  and  Europe. 

A  cross  of  the  native  plum,  Prunus 
Americana,  with  Prunus  Simoni.  the  Chi¬ 
nese  apricot  plum,  gave  hardy  trees  of 
early  productiveness,  with  large  fruit,  bright 
colored  and  very  fragrant.  The  fruit  of  one 
variety  is  bright  red  with  heavy  blue  bloom, 
size  about  1%  inch  in  diameter,  shape  flat, 
flavor  when  cooked  strongly  like  the  apricot. 
This  variety,  which  has  been  named  Banska, 
was  introduced  in  1008.  Banska  is  a  Sioux 
Indian  word  meaning  tall,  in  reference  to 
the  rapid  growth  of  the  tree.  Inkpa  (Sioux 
for  “acme”),  and  Kaga  (Sioux  for  “pitch  a 
tent”),  and  Toka  (Sioux  for  “adversary”) 
are  of  the  same  parentage  and  similar  type. 
It  is  believed  that  they  all  possess  market 
value,  because  of  their  vigorous  growth, 
early  bearing  and  large,  handsome  fruit. 

Another  set  of  hybrids  resulted  from 
crossing  the  Dakota  sand  cherry  with  the 
Japan  plum  Gold.  The  best  of  these  has 
been  named  Opata  (Sioux  Indian  for  bou¬ 
quet).  This  is  a  dark  purplish  red  fruit 
with  blue  bloom,  flesh  green  ;  the  quality  is 
excellent.  This  is  expected  to  prove  a  val¬ 
uable  market  plum ;  it  is  a  strong  grower 
and  an  early  and  heavy  bearer.  Trees  sent 
out  from  the  Station  one  ybar  from  bud 
bore  the  following  season  in  many  places. 
Its  season  is  the  middle  of  August. 

Another  cross  was  a  seedling  of  the  West¬ 
ern  sand  cherry  (Prunus  Besse.vi)  with  the 
Japan  plum  Sultan.  One  of  the  hybrids, 
called  Sapa  (Sioux  Indian  for  "black”)  took 
first  prize  for  a  seedling  plum  at  the  Minne¬ 
sota  State  Fair  in  1009.  The  fruit  is  a 
rich  dark  purple;  season  extremely  early. 
Another  of  the  same  pedigree,  Ezaptan 
(Sioux  Indian  for  “fifth”)  is  a  dark  purple 
plum  remarkable  for  its  early  and  heavy 
bearing. 

Some  very  attractive  purple-leaved  plums, 
which  appear  to  have  decided  value  for  orna¬ 
mental  planting,  are  the  result  of  crossing 
the  sand  cherry  witli  the  Persian  purple¬ 
leaved  plum,  Prunus  I’issardi.  There  are 
also  some  interesting  crosses  between  the 
sand  cherry  and  the  native  plum  De  Soto,  of 
which  the  varieties  Sansoto  and  Chercsoto 
are  characteristic. 

Regarding  the  Sioux  Indian  names  given 
to  a  number  of  these  plums,  Professor  Ilan¬ 
sen  remarks  that  since  these  new  fruits  were 
partly  or  wholly  derived  from  the  native 
fruits,  it  seemed  fitting  to  give  some  indica¬ 
tion  of  the  region  in  which  they  originated, 
and  also  to  show  that  there  are  many  pleas¬ 
ant  sounding  words  in  the  Sioux  language. 
The.  use  of  these  purely  American  names  for 
American  fruits  seems  to  us  highly  com¬ 
mendable.  and  they  certainly  will  not  dupli¬ 
cate  existing  names. 


APPLE  SEEDLINGS 


ALL 

GRADES 


Both  American  and  French  Grown  )  ORDER 


Straight  or  Branched  Roots 


NOW 


APPLE  GRAFTS 

Piece  or  Whole  Roots 
Long  List  of  Varieties.  Ask  for  Prices 

ALSO  A  GENERAL  LINE  OF  NURSERY  STOCK 


ADDRESS 


Shenandoah  Nurseries 

D.  S.  LAKE,  Prop. 

SHENANDOAH  .  .  .  PAGE  COUNTY,  IOWA 


CUT  DOWN 

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GROCERY  BILL 

THIS  FREE  BOOK  shows  you 
how  to  save  from  20  per  cent  to  50 
per  cent  on  all  your  groceries. 

Buy  your  groceries  direct  from 
us  and  save  from  twenty  to  fifty 
per  cent  of  what  you  are  now  pay¬ 
ing.  We  have  solved  the  "high 
cost  of  living”  problem  for  thou, 
sands  of  delighted  customers. 

We  buy  everything  in  enormous  quantities.  This 
means  rock  bottom  prices  —  prices  that  small  buyers 
Cannot  get.  We  sen  direct  to  you  with  only  one  small 
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fits  that  eat  up  so  much  of  your  money. 

All  our  groceries  are  full  measure— absolutely  pure. 

Write  to-day  for  our  interesting,  money  saving  gro¬ 
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we  issue  the  grocery  book  every  two  months  and  will 
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Below  is  a  partial  list  of  the  other  books  we  issue, 
iney  contain  thousands  of  big,  money  saving  oppor¬ 
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bend  to-day  for  the  books  that  interest  you. 

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CHECK  OVER  THE  LIST  NOW 

1  pnlSlS  17  Baby  Carriages 

«  18  Men's  Fur  Coats 

4  Trunks  19  Sewing  Machines 

20  Gasoline  Engines 

21  Cream  Separators 

22  Building  Material 
28  Stoves  and  Ranges 

24  Underwear  Sam¬ 
ples 

25  Automobile  Sup¬ 
plies 

26  Bicycles  —  Motor¬ 
cycles 

27  Baby’s  Dress  and 
Toilet 


6  Roofing 

6  Vehicles 

7  Furniture 

8  Incubators 

9  Wall  Paper 

10  Typewriters 

11  Grocery  List 

12  Feed  Cookers 

13  Tank  Heaters 

14  Wire  Fencing 

15  Carpets,  Rugs 

16  Building  Plans 


28  Women  *s  Tailored 
Suits 

29  Circular  and  Drag 
Saws 

30  Women's  Fashion 
Books 

31  Rain  Coats,  Rub-  , 
her  Coats,  etc. 

32  Tombstones  and 
Monuments 

33  Men's  Clothing 

34  Women '8  Furs 

35  Dry  Goods 

36  Muslin  Wear 

37  Millinery 


Sign  jmd  Mail  Coupon  NOW! 
P"60  Montgomery  Ward  &  Co. 


14 


Kill  the 
Scale 

with  the  one  most  re¬ 
liable  remedy  against 
the  San  Jose  Scale. 

Spray  NOW  with 

BOWKER’S 

LIME-SULPHUR 


Write  for  Book  and  Price  List  to 

BOWKER  INSECTICIDE  CO. 

BOSTON,  MASS. 

We  ship  also  from 


mi 


1 9th  and  Campbell  Sts. 
KANSAS  CITY 


warm,  comfort¬ 
able,  healthful  Winter 
ahead  of  the  man  who  buys 

JiptmdjdowrL. 

Fleece-Lined  Underwear 

Lambsdown’s  thick,  downy  fleece 
protects  the  body  from  colds  and 
draughts,  and  wards  off  colds  and 
grippe.  Lambsdown  is  good  for  two 
seasons’  wear. 

Made  for  Men  and  Boys 
in  Separate  Garment  sand  Union 
Suits  at  50c,  75c  and  up.  Write 
for  Bodygard  Booklet  No.  5fi 

UTICA  KNITTING  CO. 
Utica  New  York 


Chicago  Avenue  Bridge 
CHICAGO 

Please  send  to  my  address  below  books  Nos . 

absolutely  free  Of  cost. 

Name . 

Post  Office . 

State . 

SEND  COUPON  TO  THE  NEARER  ADDRESS 


J 


Thinning  Varnish. 

Wliat  will  thin  varnish  so  it  can  be  used 
without  destroying  its  lustre?  c.  a.  m. 

Nova  Scotia. 

Varnish  as  it  comes  from  the  manufac¬ 
turer  is  supposed  to  lie  of  the  right  con¬ 
sistency  to  apply  to  the  work  to  be  done. 
It  can  he  thinned  with  turpentine,  but  it 
will  lose  its  lustre  and  wearing  qualities  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  amount  of  thinning.  I 
should  not  advise  thinning,  except  in  cold 
weather  when  the  varnish  works  hard. 

H.  H. 


Not 

Alone 


Practical 


...BUT... 

Handsome  in  Appearance 

It’s  an  Advertisement  Reach¬ 
ing  100%  of  Your  Customers 

Write  for  a  Photo  and  Catalog  “D” 

I  THE  PARSONS  WAGON  COMPANY 

|  Dairy  Dept.  EARLVILLE,  N.  Y. 


Fruit  Trees 

That  Thrive  and  Bear 

Thrifty,  vigorous  trees;  trees  with  lots  of  good 
roots  and  linn,  mature  wood — these  are  the  kind  of 
trees  that  we  grow.  They  begin  bearing  early  and 
they  continue  to  bear  abundantly  for  years. 

At  our  nurseries  the  soil  and  climate  are  just 
right  to  produce  trees  that  are  hardy  and  reliable. 
Our  success  mid  experience  of  25  .veal's  is  your 
guarantee  that  everything  in  our  stock  has  been 
carefully  selected  and  thoroughly  tested.  All  kinds 
of  fruit  trees — apple,  peach,  pear,  cherry,  etc. 

Write  for  our  latest  Catalog.  It’s  free! 

Barnes  Bros.  Nursery  Co. 

^  Box  8, _ Yalesville,  Conn.^ 


PLANT 

FRUIT 

TREES 

THIS 

FALL 


I  have  a  large  stock  of  thrifty  Appla, 
Bear,  Peach  and  Plum  trees  which  1  am 
offering  at  special  prices.  Also  Cali¬ 
fornia  Privet.  Plant  this  Fall  and  gain 
a  season.  Write  me  today  for  Catalog. 
My  reputation  as  a  nurseryman  back  of 
every  sale.  1  also  liavo  some  special 
offerings  in  those  famous  Jersey  Red 
Pigs— the  lively  growers.  Prolific  and 
profitable. 

ARTHUR,  J.  CObUJfS 
Box  R  Moorestown,  N.  J. 


BALED  ALFALFA  HAY 

ISRIfMtL  A  SOFTER  CanuHtotu,  N.  Y. 


FRUIT  TREES 

We  are  ready  to  take  orders  for 
FALL  DELIVERY  for 

BLACK’S  QUALITY  TREES 

Send  for  Booklet 

JOS.  H.  BLACK,  SON  &  CO.,  HIGHTSTOWN.  N.  J. 


APPLE  BARRELS"^  A1,„Ue„d, 

or  Hoops.  ROBT.  GILLIES,  - 


LOTS  OR 

ESS. 

Medina,  N.  Y. 


WURTZELSK 

L.  E  - - - - 


4.50  per  ton,  f.  o.  b.  W.  S. 
—  -  miles  from  New  York. 
SHAL  GRAM,  Valley  Cottage,  Box  153,  N.  i‘. 


W  A  N T F fl — Married  Man  to  Take  Charge  of  Chickens  and 
n  nn  i  lu  Look  after  Fruit  on  Farm  in  North  Jersey 

Must  be  experienced  in  both  lines  and  capable  of 
developing  business.  Address  giving  references 
and  terms,  "  W,"  care  The  Rural  New-Yorker. 

Wanted— A  Practical  and  Experienced  Man 

to  take  charge  of  a  one  hundred  acre  apple  and 
peach  orchard  in  New  Jersey,  set  out  this  year. 
Free  house.  Give  age,  experience,  reference,  size 
of  family  ami  wages  expected.  Addross  “L,”  care 
of  Rural  New-Yorker. 


Peach  and  Apple  Trees 

For  fall  or  spring  planting.  Prices  right;  stock 
light.  JlVEIt  &  SON,  Bridgeville,  Delaware 

Potatoes — Beauty,  Itovee, Carman, Cobbler. Fort  une>Hai  vest, Heb¬ 
ron,  Green  Mt.,King,6  Weeks, 85  kinds.  C. W. Ford, Fishers, N. Y. 

pLANT  your  APPLE  ORCHARD  in  the  Kin- 
derhook  Country  where  good  orchards  and 
good  living'  go  together.  Come  and  see.  Ask 
for  booklet.  Rural  Life  Co.,  Kinderhook,  N.  Y. 


WANTED  MARRIED  MAN 

Must  have  thorough  knowledge  of  crop  rotation, 
stock,  etc.,  and  be  willing  and  able  to  work. 
Address  with  full  particulars,  references  and  salary 
wanted,  “H.”  care  The  Rural  New-Yorker. 


WANTFn~~°n  Dairy  Farm,  married  man  with 
'n  uLU  two  bovs  over  14.  Must  have  ex¬ 
perience.  vY.  F.  SHRUM,  Jeannette,  Pa. 


SMALL  FARM 

Manhattan;  moderate;  state  particulars. 

Address  S.  P.  E.,  care  Rural  New-Yorker. 


or  acreage,  suitable  poultry 
raising;  commuting  distance 


SUNNY  NORTH  CAROLINA  FARM  FOR  SALE  CHEAP. 
CHARLES  R.  EMRY,  Weldon,  N.  C„  owner. 


COR  SALE— 1B0  ACRES  OF  FARM  LAND  one  mile  from 
I  village  of  Waterville.  New  York,  good  residence 
and  barn,  running  water  on  place.  Price  $41)  per 
acre.  Address T.  J.  HOWARD,  136  Carnegie  Hall,  NewYcrk. 


191  i. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


1093 


Poor  Drainage  in  Orchard. 

II.  R.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. — We  have  an  or¬ 
chard  of  peaches,  apples  and  pears  on  a 
clay  soil  in  Michigan.  This  orchard  is 
fairly  well  underdraiued,  and  yet  we  are 
troubled  with  Winter  injury  and  killing 
due  to  water  collecting  around  the  trunks 
and  freezing  in  the  Fall,  and  especially  in 
Spring.  What  is  the  best  method  to  follow 
iu  order  to  stop  this  trouble? 

Ans. — It  may  be  that  there  is  fall 
enough  within  possible  reach  of  this 
orchard  to  drain  it  thoroughly,  and  if 
so  this  is  the  first  thing  to  do.  Stand¬ 
ing  water  about  the  roots  of  fruit  trees 
is  one  of  the  worst  conditions  to  have 
them  in.  If  there  is  not  a  good  fall 
in  the  land  some  good  may  be  done  by 
plowing  up  to  the  trees,  so  that  there 
will  be  ridges  that  will  not  allow  water 
to  stand  on  them,  and  any  water  that 
cannot  run  off'  the  land  will  settle  in 
the  dead  furrows  between  the  tree 
rows.  But  there  may  be  too  late  cul¬ 
tivation  that  induces  late  growth  and 
consequent  injury  from  freezing  it. 
Trees  should  be  cultivated  well  in  the 
early  part  of  the  growing  season  and 
rarely  later  than  the  first  of  August. 
A  cover  crop  or  even  a  mass  of  weeds 
is  better  than  nothing  on  the  ground. 
This  helps  to  check  rampant  growth, 
and  induces  early  maturity  of  the  wood, 
which  is  something  to  be  much  desired 
in  orchard  trees.  h.  e.  van  deman. 


Christmas  Greens. 

F.  G.  K.,  Ettricks,  Va. — Will  you  give  me 
some  information  as  to  how  I  should  ship 
holly  and  mistletoe  for  Christmas  decora¬ 
tions?  Could  I  ship  in  barrels  or  crates? 
If  the  latter  what  size  crates  should  I  use? 
IIow  large  must  the  holly  branches  be? 
What  are  the  prevailing  prices  in  New  York? 

Ans. — Holly  is  shipped  in  crates,  the 
size  being  about  2j4x2j4x5  feet.  The 
holly  branches  average  about  18  to  24 
inches  long,  the  great  requisites  being 
good  glossy  leaves  and  abundance  of 
berries ;  awkward  branches  with  heavy 
wood  should  be  avoided.  The  holly  is 
laid  fiat  in  the  crate,  without  any  wrap¬ 
ping,  closely  packed,  so  that  it  will  not 
shake  about.  The  weight  of  a  crate 
averages  from  about  80  to  95  pounds, 
more  or  less,  and  the  price  last  season 
for  early  consignments  was  $4  to  $5  a 
crate,  but  a  lot  came  in  very  late,  which 
dropped  as  low  as  75  cents  a  crate, 
owing  to  lack  of  demand.  Mistletoe  is 
sold,  wholesale,  by  weight,  25  to  30 
cents  a  pound ;  the  quality  depends 
upon  quantity  of  berries  and  general 
condition  of  leaves.  It  is  packed  in 
boxes,  barrels  or  crates.  We  do  not 
recommend  barrels  unless  care  is  taken 
in  packing,  and  some  spaces  are  cut  to 
admit  air,  as  if  mistletoe  is  heated  in 
transit  it  is  liable  to  suffer  loss  and 
decay  of  berries.  Sometimes  there  is 
heavy  loss  from  this  cause  in  mistletoe 
shipped  from  England  to  this  country. 


Heating  Greenhouse  with  Wood. 

L.  G.,  Massachusetts. — Is  it  practicable 
to  heat  a  small  greenhouse  with  wood?  I 
want  to  start  plants  of  tomatoes,  musk- 
melons,  etc.,  for  my  little  farm,  and  possi¬ 
bly  a  few  to  sell,  but  having  plenty  of  wood, 
I  do  not  feel  like  incurring  the  expense  of 
building  the  greenhouse  if  it  must  be 
heated  with  coal,  as  coal  is  very  high  here. 

Ans. — Hard  wood  is  desirable  fuel 
where  a  greenhouse  is  heated  by  flues ; 
indeed,  for  this  purpose,  it  seems  more 
desirable  than  coal.  This  system  of 
heating  is  very  inexpensive,  and  is  used 
by  many  truckers  for  starting  early 
plants.  A  brick  furnace  is  built  at  one 
end  of  the  house,  and  10-inch  or  12-inch 
flues  constructed  with  a  gradual  rise  the 
length  of  the  house  to  where  they  enter 
the  chimney,  thus  carrying  the  heated 
gases  throught  the  flues,  which  radiate 
warmth.  Sometimes  the  chimney  is  con¬ 
structed  over  the  furnace,  the  flues  ex¬ 
tending  clear  around  the  house.  Great 
care  must  be  taken,  however,  to  avoid 
risk  of  fire;  .the  flues  must  not  touch 
woodwork  anywhere,  and  for  the  first 
30  feet  they  ■  should  be  made  of  fire¬ 


brick,  the  remainder  being  of  sewer  tile. 
Flue  heating  is  never  as  satisfactory  as 
steam  or  hot  water,  and  is  only  advised 
where  cheapness  of  construction  is 
sought.  It  has  its  place  in  starting  early 
plants,  but  we  would  not  advise  its  use 
in  growing  Winter  plants  for  flowers  or 
fruit.  We  have  seen  hard  wood  used 
for  fuel  with  hot  water  heating;  it  was 
harder  to  manage  in  cold  weather  than 
coal,  but  gave  fair  satisfaction  on  a 
small  place.  We  think  truckers  nowa¬ 
days  are  strongly  inclined  to  use  hot 
water  rather  than  flues,  even  where  it  is 
a  small  plant,  but  naturally  the  installa¬ 
tion  costs  more.  Experience  from  those 
using  hard  wood  for  fuel  with  hot  water 
heating  would  be  helpful  to  this  in¬ 
quirer. 


Two  Cnops  of  Oats. — Growing  two  crops 
of  oats  on  one  field  in  one  season  is  the 
rather  unusual  feat  which  has  been  accom¬ 
plished  on  this  farm  this  year.  The  variety 
is  Kherson.  Firts  crop  sown  April  4-5-6, 
cut  July  3,  and  stubble  disked  with  cut¬ 
away  within  few  days,  but  soil  was  so  ex¬ 
ceedingly  dry  that  nothing  grew  till  after 
the  eight-inch  “sprinkle”  of  July  23.  Stub¬ 
ble  disked  again  July  20  to  hold  moisture; 
nothing  done  to  field  since.  The  second 
crop  is  now  mostly  just  past  the  soft 
dough  stage,  and  will  likely  be  cut  in  a 
few  days,  as  our  first  visit  from  Mr.  John 
Frost  is  due  soon.  Hope  Farm  man  seems 
to  be  mighty  good  at  double  cropping,  but 
can  he  beat  this?  However,  in  this  case 
the  farmer  claims  no  special  credit,  as  the 
very  unusual  season  and  other  circum¬ 
stances  were  mostly  to  blame. 

Nebraska.  J.  H.  tubes. 

Look  for  Tree  Canker. — The  Ohio  Ex¬ 
periment  Station  has  issued  a  warning  urg¬ 
ing  examination  of  apple  trees  for  canker. 
This  may  well  he  done  at  picking  time.  To 
destroy  canker,  early  pruning  and  burning  of 
dying  branches  and  removal  of  canker  spots 
on  living  trunks  and  branches  are  urged. 
The  diseased  bark,  etc.,  from  such  spot  must 
be  burned  if  spores  are  to  be  destroyed  and 
infection  reduced.  Where  local  cankers  with 
bark  dead  to  the  wood  are  discovered  upon 
branches  or  trunks,  or  in  crotches,  the  dead 
bark  should  be  removed  with  a  chisel,  draw¬ 
ing  knife,  or  other  suitable  Instrument,  back 
to  the  sound,  healthy,  living  tissue.  When 
these  surfaces,  such  as  those  caused  by  the 
sawing  off  of  branches,  or  by  shaving  off 
all  cankered  tissue,  have  become  free  from 
moisture  and  the  surface  is  dry  they  should 
be  treated  with  melted  asphaltum ;  the 
branches  should  be  removed  and  the  bark 
from  cankers  should  bo  promptly  burned  to 
destroy  the  spores  of  the  fungus  When 
pruning  in  the  Fall  it  will  be  easy  to  secure 
the  dry  surfaces  spoken  of,  usually  without 
preparatory  dressing.  At  times  when  trouble 
arises  from  moisture  the  freshly  cut  wounds 
may  be  covered  temporarily  witli  white  lead 
paint  or  linseed  oil  and  Venetian-red,  and 
later  treated.  Permanent  covering  of  all 
wounds  is  required  to  protect  from  infection 
by  wound  parasites. 


— —  tp' liter  E.  ff'ard  Cow  Barn,  Dormansvillt,  N.  Y. 
fSZ  Roofed  with  NEPONSET  Paroid  Roofing 

~~  Get  Your  Roofs  Ready 
T  for  Winter 

'ZZ,  Do  not  put  off  till  spring  the  job  of 
1 — ~  re-roofing  that  barn  or  stable.  Do  it 
— after  the  Fall’s  work  when  you  are 
—  putting  things  in  shape  for  the  Winter. 

IISIEpqnseT 

~  PAROID  ROOFING 

Rivals  Best  Shingles  for  Long  Wear 

*“’**  Costs  less  to  buy,  less  to  lay,  and  adds  fire 
protection.  These  are  not  word-claims,  they 
”1~'"  are  facts  based  upon  actual  records  of  wear. 

Farmers  everywhere  are  buying  NEP ONSET 
_ „  Paroid  for  their  biggest  and  best  barns — all 
,  r ,  farm  buildings. 

— -  You  may  get  a  good  roof  in  shingles  or  some 

other  high  grade  material — but  you  are  sure  of 
a  permanent  roof  with  NEPONSET  Paroid  be- 
*****  cause  it  is  absolutely  certain  quality.  Guaran- 
■*””  teed,  of  course. 

— —  Writs  for  all  the  facts  and  dealer’s  name. 

___  NEPONSET  Proslate  for  bouses — looks  tike 

u  j-  stained  shingles. 

CZi  F*  W.  BIRD  &  SON 

136  Neponset  St.,  East  Walpole,  Mass.,  U.S.A. 

'  Established  179S 

N*w  Torts  Washington  _  Chicago  Portland,  Ore. 


San  Francisco 
Canadian  Plant,  Hamilton, 


Ont. 


Abbott-Detroit  “44’* 
Fore-Door  Demi-Tonneau  $1775 


it 


Equal  To  Every  Emergency” 


THIS  Abbott-Detroit  is  not  only  built  for  service,  but  real  service  is  buil 
into  the  car  and  is  always  on  tap  to  meet  the  rigid  demands  of  the  owner 
and  every  emergency. 

Dr.  W.  M.  Robertson,  of  Warren,  Pennsylvania,  writes:  “Penn- 
slyvania  hills  and  mountains  give  a  car  the  severest  of  service,  and  my 
Abbott  has  proved  herself  equal  to  every  emergency.  This  car  has  been  driven 
nearly  6,000  miles  between  June  10th,  1910  and  January  25th,  1911,  and  has 
traveled  every  day  through  dust,  sand,  deep  mud  and  heavy  snow,  and  has 
cost  me  practically  nothing  except  for  gasoline  and  oil.  I  feel  like  congratu¬ 
lating  you  on  having  the  best  rear  axle  ever  put  under  a  car  of  its  class.”  This 
letter  from  Dr.  Robertson  is  only  one  of  the  many  tributes  we  constantly  re¬ 
ceive  praising  the  superiority  of  Abbott-Detroit  construction  and  the  car's 
genuine  service  ability. 

“The  Car  With  a  Pedigree’ 9 


Built  for  Permanence 

We  have  just  published  in  booklet  form  a  score  of  typical  testimonial  letters 
taken  haphazard  from  our  files — they  tell  what  Abbott-Detroit  owners  think, 
and  explain  the  reason  of  our  famous  slogan  “Built  For  Permanence.”  Be¬ 
fore  you  buy  any  make  of  motor,  car  you  owe  it  to  yourself  to  read  these  Abbott- 
Detroit  letters  from  prominent  men,  all  reproduced  from  their  original  letter¬ 
heads.  Drop  us  a  postal  request  for  this  Letter  Booklet  and  our  new  free  Ref¬ 
erence  Catalog — a  prompt  book  that  can  be  referred  to  at  any  time  for  the  true 
and  correct  meaning  of  standard  motor  car  construction. 


Abbott  Motor  Company  Detroit” 


627  Waterloo  Street 
MICH. 


J.  FI.  Hale,  the  " Peach  King ,’  writes:  "The  Double  Action  ‘Cutaway’  is 
a  splendid  tool.  I  use  it  in  polishing  off  my  peach  orchards  several  times  a 
year.  A  good  pair  of  horses  handle  it  all  right.” 

The  geuuino  “Cutaway”  tools  are  used  and  endorsed  by  successful  orchard- 
isis  from  coast  to  coast  and  bay  to  gulf. 

In  orchard  work  the  driver  can  cultivate  under  the  trees  and  below  the  low 
limbs,  the  horses  not  interfering  with  the  branches.  The  double  levers  give 
the  driver  full  control  of  tool  at  all  timos.  For  regular-  farm  work  the  gangs 
can  be  drawn  together. 


UTAWAY 


DOUBLE  ACTION 
ORCHARD  HARROW 

Every  orchardist  and  fruit  grower  should  have  one  or  more  of  these  labor  savers 
and  fruit  makers.  They  will  positively  pay  for  themselves  in  one  season,  To  investi¬ 
gate  is  to  bo  convinced. 

Thorough  cultivation  makes  large  crops.  Stirring  the  soil  lets  in  the  air,  sunshine 
and  new  life,  ami  kills  foul  vegetation.  The  “Cutaway”  disk  slices,  stirs,  lifts,  twists 
and  aerates  the  soil.  Ci.ark’s  “Cutaway”  Tools  run  lighter  aud  do  better  work  than 
any  other  machine.  Lusts  a  lifetime. 

Send  today  for  new  catalog,  ‘■‘Intensive  Cultivation.”  Of  course,  it’s  free. 

CUTAWAY 

83»  MAIN  STREET 


HARROW 


COMPANY 

HtCCANUM,  CONNECTICUT. 


RIFE 

RAM 


Water  in  Quantity 

all  over  your  farm-house,  field 
or  barn— pumped  without  cost  or 
trouble  for  you  by 
an  automatic  Rife 

i  ■  -  Ram.  Raises 

f water  30  feet  for  each  foot  of  fall 
f —no  trouble  or  pumping  expense. 

Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Booklet, 

I  plans,  estimate,  FREE. 

|  RIFE  ENGINE  CO.,  2420  Trinity  Bldg.  N.V. 


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Guaranteed  For  30  Years 

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The  Only  Guaranteed  Metal  Roofing  ever  put  on  the 
market.  Samples  free.  Write  for  a  free  book  showing 
remarkable  tests.  A  way  out  of  your  roof  troubles. 

THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  CO.,  Dent.  D,  ELTRIA,  OHIO 


GREAT  CROP  RESULTS 

from  the  use  of  Martin's  Animal  Bone  and  Tankage 
Fertilizers  force  us  to  operate  a  third  factory ;  total 
capacity,  200,000  tons.  Seven  largo  abattoirs  ami 
stockyards  furnish  the  bulk  of  our  raw  materials. 
Agents  and  farmers  constantly  assure  11s  that  our 
fertilizers  give  the  best  results  of  any  ever  tested 
and  that  they  sell  more  than  of  any  ever  handled. 
Agents  and  farmers  wanting  strictly  independent 
animal  matter  fertilizers,  with  exclusive  selling 
territory,  should  arrange  with  us  NOW. 

D.  B.  MARTIN  CO.  eA  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


@fc 


You  can  wear  clothes  as  stylish  as  can  be 
bought  on  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York,  and  pay 
for  them  at  living  prices,  because  we  save  you 
the  middleman’s  profit.  Our  suits  and  coats 
are  of  fine  material,  handsomely  tailored,  and 
are  guaranteed  to  please  you. 

We  pay  express  charges  East  ot  Mississippi 
and  make  allowances  West  of  it. 

Our  book  offers  a  wide  variety  of  woolen  samples 
from  which  to  choose.  A  post-card  request 
brings  it  to  you. 

GLEN  ROCK  WOOLEN  CO. 

203  Main  Street  Somerville,  N.  J. 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE- 


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Send  for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  “  Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


004 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


November  nt 


WINS 

Glidden  Tour 


Maxwell  team 
of  three  cars 
finishes  with  a 
perfect  score, 
and  a  Maxwell 
entered  by  Gov. 
Hoke  Smith  of 
Georgia  wins 
the  Anderson 
trophy  —  there 
were  no  more 
prizes  to  win! 


A  Complete  Maxwell  Triumph 


BY  finishing  their  1454  mile 
journey  at  Jacksonville 
without  a  single  penalty 
of  any  description,  the  three 
Maxwell  cars  took  the  Glidden 
Trophy  in  competition  with  64 
cars,  some  of  which  cost  as 
much  as  $5,000. 

By  winning  the  Anderson 
Trophy  Governor  Smith's  car 
completed  the  Maxwelltriumph 
in  the  moot  gruelling  contest  in 
the  history  of  the  Glidden  Tour. 

Th  e  conditions  of  road  and 
weather  overcome  by  the  Max¬ 
well  team  were  such  as  the  aver¬ 
age  motorist  rarely  or  never 
meets. 

Mud  and  sand — swollen  streams 
to  ford — cloudbursts  to  obscure 
driving  vision — on  hill  and  level 
the  Maxwells  ran  smoothly  and 
evenly  to  their  goal  and  finished 
as  the  only  team  in  the  contest 
unpenalized. 


Running  first,  second  and  third 
into  each  noon  and  night  control, 
they  arrived  at  Jacksonville  ex¬ 
actly  on  schedule  time. 

The  Maxwell  victory,  great  as  it 
is,  means  more  than  the  glory  of 
winning  the  coveted  Glidden  and 
Anderson  Trophies.  It  must 
demonstrate  to  motorists  and  in¬ 
tending  purchasers  of  cars  the 
dependability  of  the  Maxwell,  a 
reliability  known  to  the  47,000 
Maxwell  owners  who  were  not 
surprised  when  the  Glidden  Max¬ 
wells  maintained  their  lead  day 
after  day  over  all  othgr  con¬ 
testants. 

This  1911  victory  repeats  the 
Maxwell  triumph  in  the  Glidden 
Tour  of  1910  when  the  Maxwell 
also  achieved  the  best  team  score. 

It  is  perhaps  unnecessary  to  say 
here  that  the  Glidden  Maxwells 
were  regular  1912  stock  cars — 


with  all  the  fine  points  of  design, 
construction,  power  and  style 
which  make  them  the  undisputed 
leaders  of  Motordom — values  that 
cannot  be  equaled  by  any  other 
automobile  manufacturer. 

Here  are  the  1912  Maxwell 
Models.  It  will  be  well  to  select 
yours  now;  it  may  be  difficult  to 
get  one  later. 

1912  MAXWELL  MODELS 


Special  Touring  Car 
Mercury  Roadster 
Mascotte  Touring  Car 
Mascotte  Roadster 
Messenger  Runabout 


$1280 

$1150 

$980 

$950 

$600 


|  •  '7/J' 

* 


W e  have  dealers  everywhere — see 
these  cars  at  the  one  nearest  to  you. 


Free  Monthly  Inspection  Service 
of  all  our  cars  for  twelve  months. 

Maxwell-Briscoe  Motor  Co. 

Division  of  {Jnitep  states  motor  company 

30  West  61st  Street,  at  Broadway,  New  York 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


lODS 


Ant  Hill  in  a  Grave. 

IF.  0.,  Mt.  Washington,  Md. — Tell  me 
how  to  kill  large  black  ants  with  red  heads 
in  a  grave.  They  have  made  a  large  bed. 

Ans. — Bisulphide  of  carbon,  poured 
into  the  entrance  to  the  nest,  which  is 
then  stopped  up  with  earth,  will  send  its 
poisonous  fumes  all  through  the  un¬ 
derground  workings  and  destroy  the  in¬ 
sects.  If  the  nest  appears  extensive, 
make  several  holes  with  a  stout  stick, 
and  pour  in  the  chemical,  closing  them 
up  immediately.  Bisulphide  of  carbon 
is  highly  inflammable  and  explosive,  and 
care  must  be  taken  to  avoid  bringing  a 
lighted  pipe,  cigar  or  match  near  it. 
Sometimes,  in  destroying  ants,  the 
chemical  is  fired  after  being  put  in  the 
hole,  the  explosion  driving  the  poison¬ 
ous  vapors  all  through  the  ants’  nest, 
but  this  needs  great  care,  or  the  op¬ 
erator  may  be  caught  in  the  flash. 


Forestry  Tax  Exemption  in  Pennsylvania. 

Does  a  farmer  in  this  States  receive  any 
benefit  from  the  State  for  woodland  or  for¬ 
est  on  his  farm?  s.  R. 

Pennsylvania. 

Pennsylvania  law  of  May  7,  1897,  pro¬ 
vides  as  follows.  We  do  not  think  it  has 
been  repealed  : 

“In  consideration  of  the  public  benefit  to 
be  derived  from  the  retention  of  forest  or 
timber  trees,  the  owner  or  owners  of  land 
in  this  commonwealth  having  on  it  forest  or 
timber  trees  of  not  less  than  50  trees  to  the 
acre,  and  each  of  said  trees  to  measure  at 
least  eight  inches  in  diameter  at  a  height 
of  six  feet  above  the  surface  of  the  ground, 
with  no  portion  of  the  said  land  absolutely 
cleared  of  the  said  trees,  shall,  on  making 
due  proof  thereof,  be  entitled  to  receive 
annually  fi*bm  the  commissioners  of  their 
respective  counties  during  the  period  that 
the  said  trees  are  maintained  in  sound  con¬ 
dition  upon  the  said  land,  a  sum  equal  to 
80  per  centum  of  all  taxes  annually  assessed 
and  paid  upon  the  said  land,  or  so  much  of 
the  said  80  per  centum  as  shall  not  exceed 
the  sum  of  45  cents  per  acre.  Provided,  how¬ 
ever,  that  no  one  property  owner  shall  be 
entitled  to  receive  said  sum  on  more  than 
50  acres.  1807,  May  25.” 


Winter  Use  of  Lime. 

Some  time  ago  the  Chas.  Warner  Co. 
asked  for  experience  in  the  use  of  lime  in 
Winter.  Large  quantities  of  lime  are 
handled  in  this  section  of  Pennsylvania  in 
Winter,  where  it  is  put  on  the  land  :  plow¬ 
ing  is  done  in  the  Fall.  The  lime  is  put 
in  small  piles,  according  to  the  amount  to 
be  used  per  acre.  A  little  figuring  T’ill 
readily  show  how  much  to  the  pile,  and 
distance  from  pile  to  pile.  Another  way 
that  is  used  is  to  pile  in  large  piles  100 
bushels  or  more,  reload  in  wagon  or 
manure  spreader  when  slaked.  The  lime 
is  spread  on  the  plowed  surface  in  either 
method,  and  thoroughly  mixed  with  the  so!’, 
by  harrowing,  the  spreading  not  being  done 
until  Spring,  and  only  a  short  time  before 
harrowing.  The  results  are  equally  as 
good  as  when  applied  at  other  seasons  of 
the  year.  Personally  I  incline  to  the  small 
pile  method  as  being  less  work  and  giving 
equally  as  good  results.  The  advantage  of 
this  season  is  to  get  the  work  out  of  the 
way  when  the  time  of  seeding  comes  in 
Spring,  which  is  quite  a  help  to  both  men 
and  teams.  F-  E-  B- 

Itunnesford,  Fa. 


Stirring  the  Water. — Mr.  F.  H.  King  s 
answer  to  inquiry  about  how  to  get  rid  of  a 
bad  odor  in  cistern  water  reminds  me  of  a 
similar  experience  many  years  ago.  My 
house  cistern  was  well  ventilated  and  had 
quantities  of  lime,  charcoal  and  other  things 
put  into  it  to  purify  the  water,  but  without 
results,  when  I  happened  to  think  of  aerat¬ 
ing  the  water.  With  10  feet  of  small  rub¬ 
ber  hose  and  a  bicycle  pump  I  did  the  trick 
effectually.  We  tied  a  stone  to  the  end  of 
the  hose  to  keep  it  down,  and  after  pumping 
air  into  that  water  15  minutes  there  was 
no  odor  left.  A-  C.  w. 

New  York. 

Using  the  Road  Drag. — Popular  Me¬ 
chanics  tells  of  some  new  uses  of  a  road 
drag — in  Missouri.  “One  man  has  used  his 
road  drag  for  carrying  produce  to  town, 
thus  improving  the  road  and  at  the  same 
time  saving  the  wear  on  his  "wagon.  An¬ 
other  farmer  has  gone  a  step  further  and 
combined  business  with  pleasure.  His 
wife  wished  to  visit  a  neighbor  living  about 
a  mile  away.  As  he  was  using  his  team  to 
haul  a  road  drag,  he  made  a  seat  on  the 
drag  and  hauled  his  wife  to  the  neighbor’s 
and  later  brought  her  home  in  the  same 
way.  A  still  further  use  for  the  road  drag 
has  been  suggested.  This  is  the  requiring 
of  all  joy-riding  motor  cars  to  tow  road 
drags,  thus  improving  the  roads  and  at  the 
same  time  reducing  the  speed  of  the  cars. 
It  might  also  be  suggested  that  road  over¬ 
seers  who  neglect  the  roads  in  their  charge, 
should  be  required  to  ride  on  the  road 
drags  attached  to  the  joy-riding  cars.  This 
would  add  the  ballast  necessary  to  make 
,the  road  drag  hit  the  ground  occasionally.” 


Killing  Crows. — In  answer  to  G.  M.  S. 
Will  tell  my  experience  in  dealing  with 
crows.  We  had  a  piece  of  corn  where  they 
were  working.  I  took  some  sweet  corn 
and  soaked  it  in  a  solution  of  strychnine 
and  dropped  a  few  kernels  near  the  ears 
they  were  working  on.  The  next  morning 
the  crows  held  a  convention  but  ate  no 
more  corn.  Last  Spring  they  started  in 
to  pull  our  corn.  I  took  two  eggs  and 
made  a  small  hole  in  the  shells  and  pricked 
in  a  little  strychnine  and  put  them  where 
they  commenced,  and  there  was  no  more 
corn  pulled.  wm.  H.  gray. 

Massachusetts. 

Lifting  Stakes. — On  page  983  .T.  B.  B. 
gives  a  plan  for  digging  a  post  out  of  the 
ground,  which  is  very  good  for  heavy  posts, 
but  where  posts  or  stakes  are  not  too  heavy 
to  handle  they  may  be  lifted  out  of  the 
ground  by  fastening  a  heavy  chain  around 
the  post  at  the  surface  of  the  ground  by 
means  of  a  running  noose.  Then  the  opera¬ 
tor  takes  hold  of  the  other  end  of  the 
chain,  draws  it  out  so  as  to  have  a  little 
slack  chain,  and  gives  the  chain  a  quick 
jerk  upward.  Two  or  three  jerks  will 
usually  bring  up  heavy  stakes  that  are  in 
the  ground  two  or  three  feet  without  any 
digging  at  all.  A.  J.  legg. 

West  Virginia. 

Roadside  Trees. — Quite  a  good  many 
years  ago  my  father  and  myself  set  a  row 
of  forest  trees  along  the  roadside  (170 
rods),  setting  them  with  the  idea  that 
some  day  we  would  use  them  to  support 
fence.  They  were  certainly  beautiful,  but 
there  were  serious  objections,  especially 
during  the  dry  seasons.  From  two  to  four 
rods  of  ground  was  about  worthless  to 
raise  crops,  plowing  was  attended  with 
broken  whiffletrees,  and  if  not  very  careful 
the  plow,  and  a  sunny  disposition  consider¬ 
ably  soured.  I  am  now  removing  them  and 
would  not  have  forest  trees  set  out  again 
for  anything.  When  very  tall  and  spread¬ 
ing  they  kept  the  road  muddy  long  after  it 
was  dry  in  other  places.  They  were  a  ser¬ 
ious  objection  when  making  or  repairing 
the  highway.  If  any  contemplate  setting 
roadside  trees  set  them  in  the  fence  lines, 
so  that  you  can  remove  them  at  any  time 
you  feel  they  have  become  a  menace  to  your 
crops.  With  45  years’  experience  I  would 
say,  don’t  do  it.  jr.  s.  w. 

Paying  for  “Sport/’ — Some  months  ago 
I  sent  The  R.  N.-Y.  a  short  story  about 
the  plan  nof  Illiois  farmers  to  compel 
projectors  of  so-called  sports  who  invaded 
farm  lands,  to  pay  for  such  invasion. 
After  that  was  held  a  series  of  automobile 
road  races  in  Kane  County  at  which  great 
crowds  of  people  tramped  on  farm  land  and 
sat  on  fences.  Peddlers  set  up  stands  on 
the  land  abutting  the  road  and  did  a  land 
office  business.  The  automobile  people  re¬ 
cently  settled  with  the  farmers  to  whom  was 
paid  a  sum  of  money  that  averaged  $200  to 
each  farmer  whose  land  was  used.  This 
ought  to  stand  out  as  an  example  for  other 
soil  tillers  whose  land  often  is  invaded 
without  let  or  hindrance,  and  after  the 
excitement  has  passed,  the  farmer  has  had 
the  work  of  restoring  his  broken  fence, 
cleaning  up  the  litter  and  doing  other 
things  that  he  should  not  be  called  on 
to  do  without  recompense.  If  sport  pro¬ 
jectors  will  make  a  playground  of  the  prop¬ 
erty  of  a  farm  owner,  let  them  pay  for 
the  privilege.  j.  l.  graff. 

Illinois. 


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f - - 

To  Be 

PI  easant 
In  the 

Morning 

Have  some 

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Toasties 

with  cream 
for  breakfast. 

The  rest  of  the  day  will 
take  care  of  itself. 


Post  Toasties  are  thin 
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1006 

Hope  Farm  Notes 

How  are  the  redheads? 

That  question  conies  frequently.  One 
woman  says  she  is  interested  in  them 
because  she  has  been  a  redhead  for  over 
40  years !  Perhaps  the  best  way  to 
show  that  the  redheads  are  real  things 
in  good  health  is  to  show  their  pic¬ 
ture.  So  here  it  is.  We  caught  them 
sitting  in  the  barn  door  with  the  little 
dog — backed  up  against  a  barrel  of 
apples.  That  is  a  good  backing  for  any 
would-be  good  citizen  to  start  with. 
We  do  not  put  these  youngsters  for¬ 
ward  as  any  prize  packages  of  human¬ 
ity.  Ten  to  one  you  will  say,  ‘‘My  chil¬ 
dren  beat  the  Hope  Farm  redheads  out 
of  sight.’’  You  cannot  get  me  into  any 
contest  over  it.  This  is  our  crop,  how¬ 
ever,  and  we'  lind  that  redheads  and  red 
apples  make  a  good  combination.  Sit¬ 
ting  here  in  the  barn  door  they  are 
ready  for  whatever  presents  itself,  and 
I  hope  the  door  of  life  will  always  pre¬ 
sent  a  sunny  outlook  and  good  apples 
at  their  back.  The  redheads  are  all 
right,  thank  you.  They  are  having  what 
belongs  to  every  child,  a  home  and 
care-free  childhood,  and  with  the  tow- 
heads  Ihey  make  much  of  it.  The  older 
children  have  got  past  my  stories  about 
Judge  Lynx,  Brother  Rabbit  and  Mr. 
Mouse,  but  these  little  scamps  sit  wide- 
eyed  and  breathless  when  I  tell  them. 
My  hope  is  that  when  this  appreciative 
audience  gets  too  wise  to  believe  in 
Judge  Lynx,  I  shall  have  another  crop 
coming  on  to  listen. 

“Substituted  Trees.” — A  case  re¬ 
ported  by  one  of  our  people  is  so  com¬ 
mon  that  it  ought  to  be  studied.  This 


THU  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


and  Carman  that  are  good.  If  a  man 
put  one  of  them  out  of  business  I 
should  feel  that  he  owed  me  $10  for, 
with  reasonable  chances,  we  can  get 
that  out  of  them  with  interest  in  the 
five  or  six  crops  for  which  they  are 
sure.  They  are  planted  16  feet  each 
way,  and  at  this  valuation  an  acre 
would  be  worth  $1700.  If  I  went  to  a 
bank  to  borrow  money  on  any  such 
basis  they  would  laugh  at  me,  yet  many 
peach  growers  have  paid  out  on  such 
valuation.  I  have  on  the  other  hand 
earlier  plantings,  not  so  well  treated, 
that  were  hardly  worth  two  dollars  per 
tree  at  three  years.  In  view  of  borers, 
disease,  scale,  high  wind  and  frost,  any 
valuation  above  $5  per  trees  is  a  gam¬ 
bler’s  chance  north  of  Philadelphia.  In 
some  cases  where  the  trees  have  been 
k  lied  by  railroad  fires  settlement  was 
made  by  calling  the  yearling  tree  worth 
one  dollar,  with  50  cents  added  for  each 
year’s  healthy  growth  up  to  five  or  six 
years.  The  New  York  courts  permit 
the  buyer  in  such  cases  to  prove  dam¬ 
ages  to  the  jury  in  spite  of  the  usual 
contract.  The  measure  of  damage  is 
the  difference  between  the  value  of  the 
bare  land,  and  that  of  the  same  land 
planted  in  the  desired  varieties,  minus 
the  value  of  the  substituted  trees.  You 
will  see,  therefore,  that  it  is  a  compli¬ 
cated  mess.  I  have  had  very  little 
trouble  thus  far,  but  if  I  had  a  case 
like  the  one  here  reported  I  would 
spend  the  proceeds  of  a  year’s  crop  if 
need  be  in  chasing  the  nurseryman  to 
a  finish.  Why?  Because  he  plainly 
disregarded  the  buyer’s  orders,  “substi¬ 
tuted”  when  he  had  no  business  to,  and 
led  the  buyer  to  suppose  he  was  send¬ 
ing  home-grown  trees  when  they  were 
really  picked-up  stuff  that  he  knew 
nothing  about.  In  such  cases  the  nur¬ 


THE  HOPE  FARM  RED  HEADS— A  GOOD  CROP.  Fig.  441. 


man  ordered  peach  trees  of  a  “reliable” 
nursery  firm — not  a  tree  agent.  He  ex¬ 
pected  to  make  his-  living  from  sales  of 
fruit,  and  he  knew  just  what  varieties 
he  wanted.  When  he  sent  the  order  this 
man  insisted  that  there  must  be  no 
“substitution.”  If  the  nursery  could 
not  fill  his  order  as  he  wanted  it  they 
were  to  say  so  and  send  back  his  money 
or  let  him  order  again.  The  trees  came 
under  this  arrangement,  and  were 
planted.  Judge  of  this  man’s  disgust 
when  the  trees  fruited  to  find  that  50 
of  them  are  a  worthless  variety,  with 
fruit  of  no  value  to  his  retail  trade ! 
They  are  three  years  old  and  in  good 
condition,  and  this  man  has  put  in  three 
good  years  developing  them. 

What  do  you  think  this  nurseryman 
tells  him?  Of  course  he  is  very  sorry! 
He  seems  to  think  sorrow  is  a  healing 
balm  for  such  wounds.  On  “looking  it 
up”  he  finds  that  he  ran  a  little  short 
of  trees  that  year  and  bought  some 
from  a  “very  reliable  man”  and  sent 
them  out.  These  trees  must  have  been 
part  of  that  lot,  and  he  is  now  willing 
to  replace  the  trees — that  is,  send  50 
more  young  trees  no  more  guaranteed 
than  the  others !  All  this,  mind  you, 
when  it  is  on  record  that  the  buyer  in¬ 
sisted  that  there  should  be  no  substitu¬ 
tion,  and  that  the  nurseryman  should 
either  furnish  trees  that  he  knew  were 
true  or  send  nothing.  It  looks  as  if 
they  went  out  to  Tom,  Dick  and  Harry, 
bought  up  any  old  junk  and  shipped  it! 

Value  of  a  Tree. — Now  this  victim 
wants  to  know  what  good  three-year- 
old  peach  trees  are  worth  !  He  is  after 
damages,  and  deserves  them.  I  do  not 
know !  What  is  the  man  worth  ?  A 
tree  is  much  like  a  fifth  limb  of  the 
grower,  for  it  reflects  his  skill  and  care. 
I  have  a  block  of  three-year  Elberta 


seryman  seems  to  think  he  has  the 
buyer  ^  at  his  mercy.  I  would  charge 
him  $5  apiece  for  these  bogus  trees,  and 
stay  by  him  a  lifetime  if  need  be  in  or¬ 
der  to  protect  others  at  least. 

Farm  Notes. — The  first  frost  hard 
enough  to  make  ice  came  October  28. 
There  had  been  one  or  two  light  frosts 
before,  but  this  one  finished  the  season 
for  everything,  except  cabbage  and 
Brussels  sprouts  and  turnips.  We  have 
a  good  crop  of  the  sprouts.  The  man¬ 
gels  had  been  pulled  and  piled.  Some 
50  barrels  of  apples  were  piled  in  the 
orchard.  This,  I  know,  is  bad  practice, 
but  we  were  short  of  both  storage  room 
and  packages.  We  shall  continue  to 
sow  rye  until  a  little  after  election  day. 
This  is  risky,  and  I  would  not  advise  it 
generally,  but  we  still  have  some  bare 
ground  which  ought  to  be  covered. 
.  .  .  One  trouble  with  us  this  Fall 

has  been  the  lack  of  horses  to  do  all 
our  farm  work.  We  have  sent  away  a 
load  of  fruit  nearly  every  night  since 
early  in  August.  Peaches  and  Wealthy, 
Fall  Pippins,  McIntosh  and  Greening 
apples  must  be  hurried  away  during 
late  Summer  and  Fall,  and  thus  the 
horses  are  more  than  busy,  and  Fall 
work  suffers  unless  you  have  an  extra 
team.  On  most  fruit  farms  this  extra 
team  would  stand  idle  all  Winter — eat¬ 
ing- their  heads  off  several  times.  The 
remedy,  as  I  see  it,  is  a  good  auto 
truck  to  handle  produce  for  a  neigh¬ 
borhood.  In  our  place  such  a  truck 
could  run  off  with  the  loads  now 
hauled  by  eight  horses,  leaving  these 
horses  and  their  drivers  to  work  at 
home.  If  need  be,  such  a  truck  could 
make  two  trips  while  the  eight  horses 
were  making  one.  This  development 
has  got  to  come  sooner  or  later  as  a 
legitimate  part  of  farm  business.  .  .  . 


Every  now  and  then  we  read  stories 
of  small  areas  of  land  which  turn  off 
great  sums  of  money.  Most  of  them 
are  no  doubt  true,  but  the  trouble  is 
that  people  who  tell  them  convey  the 
idea  that  this  is  an  everyday  matter,  , 
and  that  all  land  will  do  the  same.  Such  | 
an  idea  is  nonsense.  I  have  one  field  j 
about  200  by  310  feet,  or  a  scant  acre ; 
and  one-half.  Around  this  field  are 
Baldwin  apple  trees  perhaps  30  years 
old.  There  are  a  few  in  the  center, 
about  30  in  all.  Last  Fall  we  dug  po¬ 
tatoes  out  of  the  center  of  this  field  and 
set  out  about  6,000  potted  strawberry 
plants  in  hills.  Winter  killed  some  of 
them,  but  they  were  replaced  this 
Spring  with  layers.  The  plants  were 
fertilized  and  given  good  culture  up  to 
July,  when  we  began  to  pot  the  runners. 

I  intended  to  cut  off  the  runners,  but 
we  found  that  the  drought  was  cutting 
off  the  plant  growth  all  over  the  East, 
and  as  this  strong  soil  did  not  suffer 
much  we  let  the  plants  run  and  quit 
cultivating.  The  apple  trees  around  the 
outside  stand  in  sod.  They  got  a  light 
coat  of  manure  and  a  pile  of  weeds. 
Now  we  have  picked  from  this  field 
175  barrels  of  apples,  with  nearly  25 
barrels  more  of  drops.  We  sold  about 
$75  worth  of  potted  plants  from  the 
berries,  and  have  close  to  20,000  layer 
plants  for  next  year,  with  the  fruit 
from  the  6,000  parent  plants  to  come. 
Of  course  I  know  that  you  cannot  raise 
plants  and  get  anything  like  a  full  crop 
of  fruit,  but  this  is  the  year  when  plants 
may  pay  better,  for  good  Marshall 
plants  are  scarce.  You  can  figure  it  out 
yourself.  Now  right  across  the  lane  is 
another  field  of  equal  size  in  which  we 
have  onions,  potatoes  and  sweet  corn. 

It  is  better  soil,  having  been  recently 
drained,  yet  I  do  not  think  we  shall 
get  the  value  of  our  labor  and  fertilizer 
back.  Close  by  are  the  Brussels  sprouts 
following  rye.  The  rye  gave  a  good  I 
income  in  straw  and  grain,  while  the 
sprouts  seem  good  for  $200  per  acre. 
Yet  in  still  another  field  we  barely  get 
our  money  out.  I  suppose  if  I  wanted 
to  sell  my  farm  to  some  “Back-to-the- 
lander”  I  should  give  him  the  berry  and 
sprout  figures  and  tell  him  to  multiply 
by  100  acres !  That  is  the  way  some  of 
them  appear  to  buy,  and  of  course  they 
go  wrong.  h.  w.  c. 


November  11 , 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page 


Right  in  your  own  grove —  waiting  for 
you  to  take  them  out.  All  you  need  is  an 
American”  Saw  Mill  to  cut  that  timber 
into  lumber,  which  you  can  use  yourself  or 
sell  at  a  good  price.  You  can  belt  the 
American”  Mill  to  your  farm  engine  and 
run  it  yourself,  turning  out  first-class  lum¬ 
ber  faster  and  cheaper  than  any  other  mill. 
We’ve  written  a  book— “Making  Money  Off 
the  Wood  Lot” — which  tells  a  number  of 
ways  in  which  you  will  find  an  “American” 
Mill  profitable.  We  want  to  send  you  a  copy. 
Write  to  nearest  office. 

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129  Hope  Street,  Hackettstown,  N.  J. 

1582  Terminal  Building,  Few  York 
Chicago— Savannah— New  Orleans 


SOUTHEASTERN 

FARM  LANDS 

Fertile  lands  in  the  Southern  States  from 
$15  to  $50  an  acre  with  abundant  rains 
and  most  favorable  conditions  for  diversi¬ 
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and  diversity  of  .orage  makes  this  possible. 
Openings  for  dairymen  unexcelled. 
Apple  orchards  pay  from  $100  to  $500 
an  acre.  It’s  to  your  advantage  to  inves¬ 
tigate  these  many  opportunities.  Write, 

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Agent,  Southern  Railway,  Room  $7 
1 320  P enn,  Ave.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


Concrete  Floors  Best 
For  Cribs 

Your  cribs  are  safer  from  rats  if  the  floors  are  built  of 
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Annual  Output  48,000,000  Sacks 


1911. 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


1007 


Ruralisms 


SPINELESS  PRICKLY  PEAR. 

Fig.  442  shows  fruit  above  and  leaf 
below  of  the  spineless  prickly  pear, 
Opuntia  vulgaris  var.  It  is  not  native 
here.  I  got  it  more  than  30  years  ago 
near  Albany,  N.  Y.,  from  L.  Menand, 
who  had  probably  the  largest  collection 
of  cacti  in  the  United  States.  He  had 
three  varieties,  including  this  spineless 
one,  that  were  hardy  there.  I  am  sure 
he  did  not  know  its  origin,  otherwise  he 
would  have  told  me.  I  think  it  must  be 
a  selection  from  seedlings  of  the  species 
I  have  seen  growing  on  the  rocky  hills 
near  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  foy  the  latter 
resembles  it  more  closely  than  any  other 


SPINELESS  PRICKLY  PEAR  CACTUS. 
Fig.  442. 


Opuntia  that  I  know.  Like  all  Opuntias 
this  spineless  one  has  bristles  at  the 
buds,  but  this  variety  has  few  and  very 
small  ones.  I  brushed  them  off  the 
piece  I  sent  you,  also  off  the  fruits.  It 
has  no  spines.  It  is  prostrate  in  habit. 
It  has  beautiful  yellow  flowers,  and  a 
plant  I  have  covering  about  a  foot 
square  has  about  50  beautiful  purple 
fruits.  I  could  send  you  a  larger  piece 
or  small  plant  with  fruits,  but  the  new 
growth  and  fruits  would  be  broken  off 
in  transit.  I  have  a  very  thorny 
Opuntia,  hardy  in  New  Jersey  and  New 
York,  that  grows  four  or  five  feet  high. 
It  attracts  much  attention. 

The  prickly  pears  look  attractive  in 
jars- of  preserved  fruits,  the  pulp  being 
edible.  f.  e.  aspinwall. 

Kentucky. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  common  prickly  form 
of  this  Opuntia  is  found  in  many  parts 
of  New  Jersey  and  is  a  handsome  plant 
in  dry  sunny  places,  especially  banks  or 
ledges.  Eating  the  fruit,  however,  is 
not  very  pleasurable,  owing  to  the  abom¬ 
inable  little  spicules,  which  cause  much 
misery;  the  smoothness  of  the  plant  Mr. 
Aspinwall  sends  is  a  great  advantage,  as 
it  can  be  handled  without  discomfort. 
The  fruit  is  handsome,  and  the  pulp 
pleasant  in  flavor,  but  very  seedy,  though 
we  used  to  eat  them  with  relish  in  child¬ 
hood.  The  “Indian  fig,”  sold  in  the 
Italian  sections  of  New  York  and  other 
cities,  a  large,  meaty,  yellow  fruit,  is 
usually  Opuntia  Ficus-indica,  though  O. 
Tuna  is  called  Indian  fig  also.  The 
Indian  fig  abounds  on  the  lava  slopes  of 
Mount  Etna,  where  the  roots  penetrate 
and  break  up  the  lava,  and  by  natural 
growth  and  decay  form  the  vegetable 
mold  in  which  vines  are  planted. 


Tub  Help  Question. — I  was  much  inter¬ 
ested  in  the  article  upon  the  labor  question 
on  page  862  by  N.  M.  C.,  of  Manchester,  Vt. 
There  are  some  skilled  gardeners  and  small 
fruit  growers  who  are  out  of  employment. 
I  once  knew  of  a  lady  who  advertised  for  a 
gardener  and  she  had  just  40  applications. 
She  selected  the  best  one,  and  he  was  her 
gardener  for  several  years.  Another  person 
advertised  for  a  foreman  and  had  51  appli¬ 
cations  ;  these  he  sifted  down  to  three,  and 
after  an  interview  with  each  he  selected 
one  of  the  three.  Let  N.  M.  C.  do  the  same. 

Newport,  N.  H.  F.  j.  t. 


Varieties  of  Apples  for  Pennsylvania. 

Generally  speaking,  Pennsylvania  may 
be  considered  as  being  divided  into  two 
quite  distinct  sections,  so  far  as  their 
adaptation  to  apple  varieties  is  con¬ 
cerned.  The  first  of  these  may  be 
designated  as  the  Winter  apple  belt  and 
includes  the  northern  part  of  the  State 
and  the  higher  altitudes  of  the  central 
part,  where  long,  cold  Winters  and  deep 
snows  are  the  rule.  The  other  section 
comprises  the  southern  part  of  the  State 
and  the  lower  altitudes  of  the  central 
part.  Many  varieties  which  are  stand¬ 
ard  Winter  varieties  in  the  northern 
section  become  Fall  varieties  when 
grown  in  the  southern  section,  while 
standard  varieties  in  the  south  often 
lack  size  and  color  and  sometimes  qual¬ 
ity  when  grown  in  the  north,  though 
the  tree  may  be  perfectly  hardy.  For 
this  reason  it  is  essential  in  selecting 
varieties  for  any  one  locality,  that  the 
adaptation  of  these  varieties  to  the 
given  locality  be  considered.  In  pass¬ 
ing  it  may  be  remarked  that  a  few 
’•arieties  appear  to  do  equally  well  in 
both  sections. 

The  following  lists  give  the  varieties 
which  have  proven  successful  in  each 
section.  Those  in  italics  are  profitable 
commercial  sorts ;  those  in  common 
type  are  good  varieties  for  the  home 
orchard  or  for  commercial  planting  on 
a  small  scale : 

Varieties  for  northern  Pennsylvania 
and  high  altitudes  in  Central  Pennsyl¬ 
vania:  Y ellow  Transparent ;  Red  Astra- 
chan;  Oldenburg ;  Primate;  Graven- 
stein;  Maiden  Blush;  Wealthy;  Twenty 
Ounce;  Tompkins  King;  Hubbardston; 
Wagener;  R.  I.  Greening;  Northern 
Spy;  Baldwin. 

Varieties  for  southern  Pennsylvania 
and  the  lower  altitudes  in  central  Penn¬ 
sylvania  :  Summer  varieties :  Early 

Ripe ;  Williams  Red ;  Primate.  Early 
Fall  varieties:  Summer  Rambo;  Jef- 
feris.  Late  Fall  and  Winter  varieties : 
Smokehouse ;  Grimes;  Stayman  (Wine- 
sap);  Jonathan;  York  Imperial;  Lank¬ 
ford. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

RED 

It’s  the  Red  Blood  Corpuscles  that  Proper 
Food  Makes. 

An  Ohio  woman  says  Grape-Nuts  food 
gave  her  good  red  blood  and  restored 
the  roses  of  youth  to  a  complexion  that 
had  been  muddy  and  blotchy.  She  says : 

“For  10  years  I  had  stomach  trouble 
which  produced  a  breaking  out  on  my 
face.  The  doctors  gave  it  a  long  Latin 
name,  but  their  medicines  failed  to  cure 
it.  Along  with  this  I  had  frequent  head¬ 
aches,  nervousness  and  usually  pain  in 
my  stomach  after  meals. 

“I  got  disgusted  with  the  drugs, 
stopped  them  and  coffee  off  short,  and 
ouit  eating  everything  but  fruit  and 
Grape-Nuts,  with  Postum  for  my  table 
beverage. 

“The  headaches,  stomach  trouble,  and 
nervous  weakness  disappeared  almost 
like  magic,  which  showed  that  when  the 
cause  was  removed  and  .good  food  and 
drink  used  nature  was  ready  to  help. 

“My  blood  was  purified  and  my  com¬ 
plexion  became  like  a  young  girl’s  while 
my  weight  was  increased  from  90  to  120 
pounds  in  a  few  months — good,  solid 
firm  flesh,  where  it  used  to  be  soft  and 
flabby. 

“I  recommended  Grape-Nuts  and 
Postum  to  one  of  my  friends,  who  was 
afflicted  as  I  had  been.  She  followed 
my  advice  and  in  a  short  time  was  re¬ 
stored  to  complete  health  and  in  about 
8  months  her  weight  increased  from 
100  to  148  pounds. 

“Our  doctor,  observing  the  effect  of 
Grape-Nuts  and  Postum  in  our  cases, 
declared  the  other  day,  that  he  would 
hereafter  prescribe  these  food  products 
for  gastritis.”  Name  given  by  Postum 
Co.,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

Read  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs.  “There’s  a  reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


Spray  Your  Trees  Before  Spring  Plowing 

Sand  free  them  from  San  Jose\and  other  scale  and  eggs  of  destructive 
insects.  Spray  thoroughly,  before  foliage  appears,  with 


ECTR 


JNCENTRATED) 


Lime-Sulphur 

Solution 


the  most  dependable^ and  successful  insecticide  for  winter  use  and  the 
coming  summer  sprayfbr  fungous  troubles.  It\is  a  clear,  cherry -colored 
liquid,  free  from  sediment,  atuLguaranteed  to  contain  the  maximum  per¬ 
centage  of  soluble  sulphur  —  the'acnve  insecticide. 

SeM-p.'eriofo“EE  “Spraying  Simplified” 

It  tells  just  when  and  how  to  spray  to  control  insects\ind. 
fungi  A  valuable  booklet  every  farmer  neetJ 
and  can  have  for  the  asking  Write  today 

The  Vreeland  Chemical  Co. 

32  Church  Street 
New  York 


SPRAY  TREES  NOW 

(  While  they  are  dormant) 

With  SCAL1ME 

A  perfect  concentrated  lime  and  sulphur 
spray  that  has  stood  the  severest  tests  of  the 
experiment  stations.  Strength  guaranteed. 
Being  scientifically  prepared  and  always  uni¬ 
form,  it  is  far  more  effective  than  home-made 
solutions.  Stronger  than  other  brands,  it 
will  stand  more  dilution— therefore  cheaper. 

SCALIME  used  now  will  positively  control  San 
Jose  and  other  scales;  destroy  eggs  of  Aphides 
and  other  pests  that  winter  over  on  twigs  and 
bark,  as  well  as  spores  of  fungus  diseases. 

Sold  by  good  dealers  everywhere.  Write 
for  leaflet  on  Fall  and  Winter  Spraying. 

HORTICULTURAL  CHEMICAL  COMPANY 

131  S.  Fourth  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


Fakers  Exposed! 

In  keeping  with  its  policy  of  service  to  the 
farmer.  Farm  Journal  is  distributing  broad¬ 
cast  a  book  which  exposes  the  worst  class  of 
swindlers  that  prey  upon  the  farmer. 

“Horse  Secrets” 

by  Dr.A.S.  Alexander, famous  veterinarian, is  a 
complete  give-away  of  all  the  slick  tricks  the 
smoothest  horse-trading  swindlers  are  up  to. 
Exposes  the  “widow  dodge,”  the  “ginger”  and 
‘‘bisliopiug’’  tricks.  Tells  the  secret  of  “plug¬ 
ging  a  roarer, ’’“shutting  aheaver”  and  affords 
absolute  protection  to  the  farmer  against  all 
such  roguery.  Besides,  it  gives  the  most  expert 
advice  for  feeding  and  conditioning  of  stock, 
together  with  the  best  remedies  for  diseases 
and  vices  of  horses.  We  want  every  farmer  to 
have  this  valuable  book,  because 


Farm  Journal 

is  the  sworn  enemy  of  all  fakers,  quacks  and 
swindlers.  They  are  strictly  barred  from  ex¬ 
ploiting  their  grafts  througli  our  columns,  and 
we  take  every  opportunity  of  exposing  them. 
Therefore,  we  are  making  it  easy  for  everyone 
to  own  this  book  by  offering  it,  witli  a  four 
years  subscription  to  Farm  Journal,  the  most 
helpful,  practical,  widest-read  and  best  loved 
farm  paper  in  the  world, 

Both  For  $1.00 

The  wisdom  of  this  paper  and  the  protection  of 
this  book  will  save  and  earn  you  many  dollars. 
You  never  invested  adollar  to  better  advantage. 

Farm  Journal,  130  N.  Clifton  St.,  Philadelphia 


14  More  Water  lUc/h'y  ;t 

“American’'  Centrifugal  Pump 


than  by  others  because  the  impeller 
is  accurately  machined  to  the  casine, 
preventing  any  sudden 
change  in  direction 
of  the  water.  Not 
ctn  ounce ot  power 
js  wasted.  Every 
“American”  Cen¬ 
trifugal  absolutely 
guaranteed. 

Write  for  new 
catalog. 

^THE  AMERICAN  WELL  WORKS 
Office  and  Works,  Aurora,  Ill. 

Fir.tXation.l  Bank  Building,  CHICAGO  _ 


FLORIDA 

HOMESITES 


CnDAYWe  Make 

jrKA'„fK;j?Kdv 


Bucket,  Barrel,  4-Row  Potato  Sprayers, 
Power  Orchard  Rigs,  etc. 

There’s  a  field  sprayer  for  every  need,  pro¬ 
nounced  by  all  experts  the  world’s  best  line. 

THIS  EMPIRE  KING 

leads  everything  of  its  kind.  Throws 
fine  mist  spray  with  strong  force,  no 
clogging,  strainers  are  brushed  and 
kept  clean  and  liquid  is  thoroughly 
agitated  automatically. 

Spraying  Calondar  Free.  Write  for  di¬ 
rections  and  formula.  Also  catalog  on 
entire  sprayer  line.  We  have  the  sprayer 
to  meet  your  exact  wants.  Address 

FIELD  FORCE  PUMP  CO., 

2  1  1th  St.,  Elmira,  N.  Y. 


/•Earn  $10  a  day  v 

Sawing  firewood,  lumber,  lath,  posts, 
etc.,  on  contract  work.  You  can  cut 
more  and  cut  much  easier  with  a 

Hertzler  &  Zook 

Portable 
Wood 
As  low  as 


You  can  buy  your  winter  homesite 
at  Allandale,  Port  Orange,  on  fa¬ 
mous  East  Coast,  and  build  your 
homo  for  less  than  the  cost  of 
wintering  at  a  Florida  hotel. 
Fishing,  boating,  finest  automobile  racecourse  on 
ocean  beach.  Write  for  the  Allandale  booklet. 

THE  ALLANDALE  COMPANY,  Daytona,  Florida 

FflR  ^Al  F— If  you  want  the  best  farms  for  the 
lUll  On  LL  money,  send  for  our  large  free  catalog. 
HALL’S  FARM  AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.,  N.Y. 

FLORIDA  GRAPEFRUIT  &  ORANGE  GROVE 

For  sale.  10  acres  bearing.  Other  valuable  assets. 
Fronts  large  lake,  Quarter  mile  to  depot,  Well  ele¬ 
vated.  $5,500,  Three  other  similar  opportunities, 
No  attention  given  to  land  agents.  Address  Owner. 

L.  O.  FEAGIN,  Winter  Haven,  Florida, 


Absolutely  the  cheapest  and  best  saw 
made.  Guaranteed  lor  1  year. 
Sold  at  factory  prices — $10  and  up. 
Save  middleman’s  prolU.  Operates 
easier  than  other  saws  because 
stick  is  low  aud  the  saw 
draws  it  on  as  soon  as  it 
touches  the  saw.  Only  $10 
saw  to  which  rippiug  table  can 
be  added.  Big  money  makers 
and  savers.  Send  for  Catalogue. 

HERTZLER  <fc  ZOOK  CO. 
Box  3  Belleville,  Pa. 


COMPARE! 

Compare  the  big  extra  size 
frame,  the  heavy  all  No.  9  Peer¬ 
less  Fence  filling  aud  the 

GALVANIZED  COATING 

of  the  Peerless  gate,  to  the  light,  flimsy 
frame,  small  wire  filling  aud  paint  cover¬ 
ing  of  the  ordinary  gate.  Besides  this,  the 

PEERLESS  SELF-RAISING  GATE 

never  sags  or  drags  on  the  ground.  Automatically 
lifts  up  free  and  clear,  swings  over  snow,  ice,  grass  or 
rubbish.  You  can  see  a  difference. 

Ask  your  dealer  to  supply  you.  If  he  will  not,  ask  us. 

^Peerless  Wire  FenceCo.UmiATln.c.i 


LOW  PRICES  handsome  FENCE 

100  other  styles.  Many  cheaper  than  wood— all  better.  For  Lawns, 
Churches,  Parks,  etc.  Write  for  Pattern  Book  aud  special  offer. 

THE  WARD  FENCE  CO.|  Box  945  Decatur*  ln<k 

KITSELMAN  FENCE 

Sold  direct  to  you  at  factory 
prices  on  30  days  trial.  Save 
the  dealers  profit.  Farm,  Hog 
and  Poultry  Fence  at  from 

1  1  ’/s  CENTS  A  ROD  UP. 

All  wires  are  heavily  galvanized 
80  rod  spool  of  Ideal  galvanized 
Barbed  Wire  SI  .40.  Write 
to-day  for  large  free  Catalog  showing 
100  different  styles  ancj  heights  of  fencing 

Box  230  KITSELMAN  BROS.  MUNCIE,  INO. 

150  Farms HR.SATiE  CHEAP' ln  fertile 


and  map  free. 


Delaware  Valley.  Now  catalogue 
Horace  G.  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa. 


MODERN 

fruit; 

METHODS 


“Modern  Methods  of  Harvesting,  Grading  and  Packing  Apples”  is  a  book  that  should  be  in  the  hands  of  every  orchardist 
who  is  desirous  of  getting  the  highest  possible  price  for  his  apples.  It  illustrates  and  describes  the  Western  methods  of 
fruit  packing.  The  fruit  grower  of  the  East  is  greatly  indebted  to  his  Western  brother  for  showing  him  the  great  possibili¬ 
ties  that  lie  in  the  fruit  business,  and  if,  with  the  great  natural  advantages  of  soil,  rainfall  and  close  proximity  of  market, 
he  does  not  profit  by  this  example,  he  has  no  one  to  blame  but  himself.  1 A  postal  request  to  Dept  “N”  will  bring  you  by 
return  mail,  free,  the  above  book  and  new  booklet,  “Scalecide — the  Tree-Saver.”  If  your  dealer  cannot  supply  you  with 
“Scalecide”  we  will  deliver  it  to  any  railroad  station  in  the  United  States  east  of  the  Mississippi  and  north  of  the  Ohio 
rivers  on  receipt  of  the  price.  50-gallon  barrels.  $25,00;  30-gallon  barrels,  $16.00;  10-gallon  cans,  $0.75;  5-gallon  cans,  $3.75. 
Address,  B.  G.  Pratt  Company,  50  Church  Street,  New  York  City. 


1008 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  ami  Suburban  Homes 

Established  tsso 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 
Herbert  tv.  Oolltkowood,  President  and  Editor. 

■Ions  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 
tVM.  F.  Dillon.  Secretary.  Mbs.  E.  t.  Koyi.k,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  $2.04.  equal  to  8s.  0d.,  or 
8 'A  marks,  or  10J^  francs.  Remit  in  monev  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank '  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  fifl  cents  per  agate  line— 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  us  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advert  isement  in  this  paper  is  hacked  by  a  respon. 
Bible  pci-son.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  onr 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  bo  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  tri  fling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  bo 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  i  lentioued  The  Rural  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
30  weeks  for  30  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

We  now  have  a  record  of  a  woman  who  raised 
over  68  tons  of  silage  corn  on  one  acre!  We  shall 
do  our  best  to  get  to  the  bottom  of  this  story  and 
stir  it  up.  If  true,  it  should  be  analyzed  and  made 
clear,  so  that  all  may  know  how  this  tremendous 
yield  was  obtained. 

* 

Why  not  ask  the  merchants  to  keep  a  counter  stocked 
with  free  knicknacks  as  well  as  the  farmer  to  grow  free 
nuts?  T  H  T 

Why  not  indeed?  Go  into  the  grocery  store  where 


THE  RURAL*  NEW-YORKER 

in  the  United  States.”  But  his  arraignment  of  the 
middleman,  not  for  the  increased  cost,  but  for  the 
deterioration  of  quality,  which  has  demoralized  our 
national  palate,  is  a  point  not  previously  emphasized. 
With  the  worker  blaming  the  middleman  for  his 
rapacity  in  seizing  excessive  profit,  and  the  epicure 
excoriating  him  for  lowering  quality,  we  seem  to  be 
a  little  closer  to  that  economic  millenium  wherein  the 
ultimate  consumer  shall  join  hands  with  the  producer. 

* 

The  Trouble  in  the  Grange. 

What  position  does  The  R.  N.-Y.  take  regarding 
the  trouble  in  the  National  Grange ? 

1  hat  question  has  been  asked  by  a  good  number  of 
readers.  We  have  felt  that  members  of  the  Grange 
ought  to  settle  such  matters  quietly  without  airing 
their  troubles  in  public.  It  is  an  injury  to  the  cause 
which  the  Grange  stands  for  when  the  organization 
cannot  settle  its  own  personal  affairs  through  its  own 
methods  and  powers.  As  time  has  gone  on,  however, 
it  seems  to  us  that  the  Grange  has  not  risen  to  the 
occasion,  and  through  its  peculiar  system  of  State 
representation  is  in  danger  of  making  a  fatal  mistake. 
\\  c  desire  to  avoid  all  personal  criticism  and  confine 
ourselves  to  the  broad  principle  which  seems  to  us  at 
issue.  For  years  the  Grange  was  the  most  hopeful 
organization  ever  started  among  farmers  in  the  world. 
We  still  believe  that  the  plain  members  of  the  Sub¬ 
ordinate  Granges  represent  the  highest  type  of  our 
farmers  and  country  people.  If  their  true  influence 
and  what  they  really  stand  for  could  be  brought  to 
bear  directly  upon  public  men  there  would  be  a 
prompt  improvement  in  our  political  system. 

The  truth  is,  however,  that  the  rank  and  file  of  the 
Grange  membership  is  no  longer  fairly  represented. 
The  machinery  of  the  National  Grange  and  also  in 
many  of  the  States  lias  fallen  into  the  hands  of  a 


November  11, 

The  potato  crop  of  the  whole  country  is  about  10 
per  cent  under  last  year's,  which  was  approximately 
340.000,000  bushels.  A  much  greater  shortage  was 
expected,  as  the  middle  and  mid-southern  States  were 
seriously  cut  by  drought.  But  because  of  the  late 
rains  and  long  Fall,  the  crop  in  several  of  the  North¬ 
ern  States  improved  surprisingly.  Wisconsin,  Min¬ 
nesota  and  the  Dakotas  have  from  20  to  40  per  cent 
more  than  last  year.  In  New  York  the  crop  was 
too  far  advanced  to  be  much  benefited  by  the  rains, 
and  the  State  will  not  exceed  four-fifths  of  last 
year’s  yield.  For  the  past  month  the  New  York  mar¬ 
ket  has  averaged  decidedly  weak,  except  for  Long 
Island  stock,  which  usually  brings  50  cents  or  more 
per  barrel  above  other  grades.  There  have  been 


you  trade  and  help  yourself  to  a  good  handful  of 
peanuts.  Then  have  a  look  at  the  grocer’s  face.  Sup¬ 
pose  the  same  grocer  comes  into  your  peach  orchard 
or  woods.  He  would  consider  it  a  matter  of  course 
to  help  himself  to  peaches  or  nuts.  If  he  had  a  bag 
with  him  it  would  be  considered  the  fair  thing  to 
fill  it.  We  have  heard  a  man  explain  this  by  saying 
that  the  grocer’s  goods  represented  cash,  while  the 
farmer’s  cost  nothing  but  labor!  “Nothing  but 
labor!'  That’s  good!  Did  anyone  ever  see  any  real 
value  which  was  not  created  by  labor? 

* 

One  of  our  readers  asks  why  we  are  continually 
printing  letters  or  articles  from  small  producers  who 
get  only  a  small  part  of  what  the  consumer  pays. 
The  charge  is  that  we  print  such  letters  but  do  not 
print  the  long  arguments  and  figures  from  the  rail¬ 
roads  and  trusts  and  middlemen  to  show  the  cost  of 
handling  goods.  Why  not  ask  us  a  hard  one?  We 
print  letters  from  the  farmers  and  producers  because 
many  of  them  could  not  get  before  the  public  in  any 
other  way.  The  daily  papers  are  practically  owned 
by  the  big  interests.  Such  papers  have  little  use  for 
a  farmer  except  to  exploit  him.  The  articles  from 
the  “big  men”  that  we  see  are  of  the  old  hidebound, 
stand-pat  variety,  giving  figures  to  prove  that  the 
railroads  and  trusts  are  the  most  wonderful  friends 
the  farmers  have.  It  is  hard  to  believe  they  are  dull 
enough  not  to  realize  that  farmers  know  they  have 
grown  fat  on  special  privilege.  We  rejoice  in  our 
ability  to  let  these  farmers  give  the  true  facts.  These 
will  lead  to  education,  and  that  alone  will  shut  off 
the  flow  of  privilege  into  the  trough.  All  we  ask  is 
that  the  reports  be  fair  and  true. 

* 

The  matter  of  direct  purchase  from  the  farmer, 
without  the  intervention  of  the  middleman,  has  even 
invaded  the  magazine  field.  In  the  current  issue  of 
the  “Century”  Henry  T.  Finck  discourses  with  feeling 
as  well  as  knowledge  on  “Ungastronomic  America.” 
He  refers  to  the  abominable  cold  storage  poultry  with 
which  we  are  afflicted,  as  compared  with  the  delicious 
poulet  de  Bresse,  which  one  has  to  travel  to  Europe 
for.  He  remarks  that  packers  and  dealers  do  not 
want  poultry  fresh;  they  want  it  in  their  refrigera¬ 
tors,  so  they  can  regulate  and  raise  prices,  and  adds: 

The  simplest  way  for  the  consumer  to  thwart  them 
is  either  to  buy  of  kosher  butchers,  who  are  not  allowed 
by  their  racial  tenets  to  handle  cold-storage  fowls ;  or 
direct  of  the  farmer,  with  whom  an  arrangement  can  be 
made  to  send  the  freshly  killed  and  promptly  cleaned 
poultry  by  express  to  one’s  home. 

The  writer  goes  on  to  tell  of  the  delight  of  farm- 
cured  hams  and  bacon,  and  of  unsalted  butter  made 
from  sweet  cream,  and  refers  rather  sadly  to  the 
“denatured  food”  the  unscrupulous  middlemen  sup¬ 
ply  us.  He  is  not  very  flattering  to  our  cooks,  hold¬ 
ing  with  Dr.  Wiley,  that  “there  is  no  country  in  the 
world  where  food  is  so  plentiful,  and  no  country  in 
the  world  where  it  is  so  badly  cooked,  as  right  here 


rather  cheap  but  shrewd  class  of  politicians.  We 
have  no  personal  feeling  or  prejudice  in  this  matter, 
and  no  one  can  accuse  us  of  seeking  place  or  power. 
In  order  to  learn  just  how  the  National  Grange  is 
regarded  we  have  gone  to  public  men,  Congressmen 
and  others,  and  asked  them  just  what  they  think  of 
the  organization  as  represented  by  the  men  they 
have  met.  We  regret  to  say  that  a  large  proportion 
of  these  politicians  say  in  private  that  they  have 
come  to  regard  the  Grange  leaders  as  bluffers  and 
small  “grafters.”  It  is  an  unhappy  thing  for  anyone 
who  knows  of  the  noble  possibilities  of  the  Grange 
organization  to  state  the  facts.  It  is  true,  however, 
that  the  politicians  now  at  the  head  of  the  Grange 
are  rapidly  destroying  its  small '  remaining  power  to 
influence  public  affairs  in  any  broad  and  helpful  way. 

To  put  it  in  an  understandable  way  the  Grange, 
on  a  smaller  scale,  lias  come  to  the  condition  of  the 
old  political  parties.  The  rank  and  file  or  large  ma¬ 
jority  of  the  order  want  to  grow  and  develop.  They 
are  true  “progressives”  and  can  plainly  see  that  a 
newer  generation  has  come  demanding  broader  and 
more  liberal  policies.  Opposed  to  them* * is  a  small 
hand  of  office-holders,  narrow,  bigoted  or  with  some 
graft  or  special  privilege,  who  walk  round  and 
around  some  worn-out  issue  as  if  it  were  to  be 
guarded  like  the  sacred  ark.  The  foolish  and  unfair 
system  of  State  representation  to  the  National 
Grange  has  enabled  a  small  group  of  politicians  to 
control  the  situation  and  keep  themselves  in  power. 
There  is  the  sore  spot  which  is  slowly  eating  the 
vitals  out  of  this  great  organization.  It  should  have 
become  a  powerful  giant,  ready  to  fight  for  the 
farmer  and  his  rights.  It  is  more  like  a  decrepit 
politician  feebly  pulling  small  wires. 

Knowing  these  things,  we  take  the  position  that  the 
Grange  members  must  rise  and  scrape  off  the  bar¬ 
nacles  if  they  expect  to  save  the  order.  The  battle 
will  come  at  the  National  Grange  meeting  at  Co¬ 
lumbus,  when  the  present  officers  will  endeavor  to 
strengthen  their  grip  upon  the  machinery.  They  have 
their  partisans  and  there  are  other  delegates  who 
bitterly  oppose  them.  The  decision  will  finally  rest 
with  a  third  body  of  delegates  who  can  take  a  more 
or  less  independent  attitude.  The  final  appeal  should 
be  made  to  them.  They  have  the  chance  to  save  the 
Grange  quietly  and  without  that  form  of  publicity 
which  always  destroys  more  than  it  upbuilds.  If  the 
old  “stand  pat”  element  succeed  in  riding  over  all 
opposition  in  spite  of  fair  warning,  they  must  be 
prepared  for  a  fight  which  will  shake  them  to  their 
hoots.  They  will  get  the  searchlight  and  the  knife, 
and  they  know  better  than  anyone  else  how  poorly 
prepared  they  are  to  stand  up  and  fight  real  publicity. 
We  sincerely  hope  that  the  thoughtful  and  progressive 
members  of  the  Grange  will  find  a  way  to  meet  this 
crisis  quietly  and  avoid  public  scandal.  There  is  too 
much  good  in  the  Grange,  and  the  farmers  are  in 
too  great  need  of  real  friends  in  public  to  permit  this 
great  organization  to  become  a  misfit. 


practically  no  imports  from  Europe  yet.  The  pres¬ 
ent  price  is  high  enough  to  attract  shipments  or¬ 
dinarily,  but  the  crop  there  is  not  excessive,  and 
the  outlook  is  that  foreign  speculators  will  not  care 
to  do  much  under  a  probable  price  of  $1  per  bushel 
on  this  side. 

* 

When,  a  few  years  ago,  we  began  to  talk  about 
the  farmer’s  shara  of  the  consumer’s  dollar,  we  had 
no  idea  the  thing  could  grow  so  fast.  Now,  all  over 
the  country,  the  useless  middleman  question  has  be¬ 
come  a  great  issue.  In  Indianapolis  the  mayor 
brought  in  seven  carloads  of  potatoes  and  sold  them 
at  cost,  without  injury  to  farmers.  He  now  proposes 
to  buy  dressed  pork  from  farmers  and  sell  it  direct. 
In  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  the  mayor  worked  the  same 
potato  deal  and  will  make  his  next  campaign  on  the 
issue  of  fair  prices  for  food.  At  many  other  places 
the  same  thing  is  being  worked  out.  The  useless 
middlemen  (we  do  not  refer  to  legitimate  dealers) 
are  responsible  for  the  storm  which  will  knock¬ 
down  their  house  of  bluff.  They  have  done  their 
best  to  make  the  public  believe  that  the  farmers  are 
responsible  for  high  prices.  The  consumers  now 
begin  to  see  the  truth,  and  when  they  once  become 
convinced  nothing  on  the  American  continent  can 
prevent  a  fair  parcels  post  and  fairer  express  charges. 
Therefore  Mayor  Shank,  of  Indianapolis,  and  the 
others  have  done  far  more  than  they  expected  in 
educating  the  consumers.  More  power  to  them. 
May  they  stand  up  against  the  storm  of  abuse  and 
keep  right  on. 

* 

This  statement  is  false.  Farmers  who  have  con¬ 
tracted  for  trees  under  these  conditions  should  not 
accept  the  stock.  Planters  are  urged  not  to  buy  from 
unknown  parties,  and  especially  agents.” 

No,  gentlemen,  these  are  not  extracts  from  The 
R.  N.-Y.,  but  from  a  bulletin  issued  by  the  Ohio  Ex¬ 
periment  Station.  Tree  agents  are  working  Ohio  and 
nearby  States  selling  seedlings  of  locust  and  Catalpa 
trees.  One  fellow  even  goes  so  far  as  to  say  that 
the  State  of  Ohio  pays  eight  cents  for  each  tree  sold. 
These  fakes  try  to  get  $20  to  $40  per  1,000  for  trees 
which  honest  nurserymen  sell  at  $4  to  $11.  To  add 
injury  to  insult  many  of  such  trees  are  not  true  to 
name.  We  are  glad  to  see  the  station  exposing  these 
fake  agents.  But  how  much  worse  are  they  than 
the  frauds  who  go  about  selling  cherry,  apple  and 
plum  trees  at  80  cents  to  one  dollar  each?  The  grower 
got  about  six  cents  for  the  cherry  and  10  for.  the 
apple,  but  these  plausible  liars  work  for  the  whole 
dollar.  It  has  got  so  that  whenever  we  say  “tree 
agent”  a  number  of  men  start  up  to  say  that  we 
should  discriminate  and  say  that  there  are  honorable 
tree  agents  and  honorable  nurseries  that  employ  them 
We  are  very  willing  to  do  so.  There  arc  such.  They 
would  no  doubt  treat  our  readers  honorably,  but  we 
believe  they  would  charge  from  25  to  50  per  cent 
more  for  the  same  grade  of  tree  than  our  people 
would  pay  on  direct  purchase.  Now  we  have  begged 
these  gentlemen,  both  personally  and  publicly,  to  come 
forward  and  prove  that  our  readers  can  make  any¬ 
thing  by  buying  trees  from  an  agent.  That  is  the 
final  test  of  the  matter,  for,  regardless  of  any  other 
consideration,  we  want  our  people  to  obtain  the  best 
possible  bargain.  One  would  think  the  honorable 
tree  agents  would  hop  at  the  chance  to  show  what 
bargains  they  offer. 


BREVITIES. 

Over  five  per  cent  potash  in  banana  skins. 

Stored  apples  love  darkness  rather  than  light. 

Tiie  following  names  have  been  selected  for  that  “Mil¬ 
lion  Dollar”  peach — J.  II.  Hale,  Ilaleberta,  Halberta  and 
Halofellow. 

Sometimes  a  blowhard  comes  along  and  tells  a  wliop 
ping  “whale.”  We  have  to  listen  to  his  guff—  but  put 
salt  on  his  tale. 

Eggs  at  20  cents  each  are  reported  from  Guayamas, 
Mexico,  whore  recent  floods  have  drowned  many  hens, 
and  upset  transportation. 

Disease  is  attacking  banana  plantations  in  Jamaica, 
where  the  government  is  investigating  conditions,  it  is 
said  that  the  trouble  first  appeared  in  Panama. 


1911. 


109© 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

As  one  of  the  victims  of  E.  G.  Lewis, 
I  write  at  the  suggestion  of  one  of  your 
readers  to  ask  you  if  I  cannot  send  my 
claims  against  him  direct  to  the  receiver, 
without  employing  a  lawyer.  Also,  what 
advantage  would  there  be  to  me  to  send 
my  claims  to  Claud  D.  Hall?  Would  I  be 
as  safe  in  sending  my  claims  to  the  reor¬ 
ganization  committee  as  to  a  lawyer  or 
sending  it  myself?  creditor. 

Pennsylvania 

If  you  have  a  simple  claim,  that  is, 
an  original  note,  you  could  secure  a 
blank,  till  it  out,  attach  the  note  to  it, 
acknowledge  it  before  a  notary,  and 
safely  send  it  to  the  receiver  at  the 
proper  time.  But  Mr.  Lewis  adopted 
the  old  swindling  trick  of  inducing  the 
creditors  to  exchange  one  certificate  for 
another  until  the  claims  have  become 
quite  involved,  and  it  is  hardly  safe  for 
such  creditors  to  dispense  with  the 
services  of  an  attorney.  Those  credit¬ 
ors  especially  who  have  received  “In¬ 
terim  Receipts”  probably  have  a  claim 
against  the  1  rust  Co.,  which  may  give 
them  some  value,  though  the  original 
claims  may  have  been  practically  worth¬ 
less.  It  will  require  the  services  of  an 
attorney  to  protect  the  best  interest  of 
such  claims. 

The  claims  themselves  may  be  proved 
up  as  well  by  any  other  competent  at¬ 
torney  as  by  Mr.  Hall.  But  Mr.  Hall 
is  already  the  attorney  of  all  the  credit¬ 
ors  before  the  court.  The  practice  of 
the  court  is  to  make  such  attorney  aft 
allowance  for  his  services  before  any 
distribution  of  the  funds  is  made,  so 
that  each  creditor  helps  pay  for  his 
services,  and  may  as  well  have  the 
benefit  without  the  expense  of  another 
attorney.  This  is  the  only  reason  why 
we  have  suggested  sending  claims  to 
Mr.  Hall — simply  to  save  expense  to  the 
creditors.  In  some  cases  there  may  be 
a  trifling  preliminary  expense,  but  the 
bulk  of  the  services  comes  under  the 
services  for  which  the  court  makes  al¬ 
lowance. 

Under  no  circumstances  will  those 
who  take  our  advice  send  claims  to  the 
so-called  reorganization  committee,  or 
to  John  M.  Williams,  the  alleged  con¬ 
troller.  We  advise  those  who  have  al¬ 
ready  deposited  claims  with  them  to 
withdraw  the  claims.  If  you  are  in 
doubt  about  the  wisdom  of  this  advice, 
get  a  copy  of  Lewis’  National  Weekly 
of  April  15,  1911,  containing  the  “De¬ 
positors’  Agreement”  in  full.  Take  this 
to  any  attorney  and  ask  him  what  your 
rights  are  after  you  have  signed  that 
agreement  and  deposited  the  securities. 
He  will  tell  you  that  you  have  no  con¬ 
trol  of  them  whatever,  after  depositing 
them  with  Mr.  Lewis  through  his  al¬ 
leged  committee.  They  have  the  right 
to  do  anything  with  them  that  you 
could  have  done  while  they  were  in 
your  hands.  They  can  sell  them,  assign 
them  or  pledge  them  for  debt  or  for 
their  expenses.  By  the  following  pro¬ 
vision  of  the  agreement  they  can : 

Organize  one  or  more  new  companies 
and  take  all  steps  that  it  may  deem  proper 
for  the  purpose  of  creating  such  new  com¬ 
pany  or  companies  and  of  investing  in  them 
the  “Properties”  or  any  of  them,  or  any 
part  of  them. 

(Iv>  Authorize  the  “Reorganization  Com¬ 
mittee”  to  construe  this  agreement,  and  its 
construction  hereof,  or  action  hereunder, 
in  good  faith,  shall  be  final  and  conclu¬ 
sive;  and  to  supply  any  defects,  or  omis¬ 
sion,  or  reconcile  any  inconsistency  in 
such  manner  or  to  such  extent  as  shall  he 
necessary  to  carry  out  the  same  properly 
and  effectively ;  and  to  he  the  sole  judge 
of  such  necessity  ;  and  to  apportion  among 
the  various  “Depositors”  payment  of  all 
actual  expenses  incurred  by  the  “Reorgani¬ 
zation  Committee”  the  “Controller”  and  the 
“Depository.” 

There  you  get  the  key  to  the  whole 
situation.  They  can  organize  one  or 
two  or  a  dozen  new  companies  and  in¬ 
vest  the  proceeds  of  your  securities  in 
them.  You  are  entitled  to  nothing  for 
five  years.  They  control  it  all  for  that 
time.  Being  the  sole  judge,  they  could 
organize  a  company  the  only  asset  of 
which  was  a  hole  in  the  ground ;  or 
some  worthless  patent,  or  a  lot  of  land 
already  mortgaged  for  its  full  value. 
At  the  end  of  five  years  the  worthless 
stock  of  such  a  company  could  be 
turned  over  to  you,  and  you  would  have 
no  recourse  but  to  accept  it. 

There  is  no  limit  to  their  expenses, 
and  no  limit  set  to  the  salary  for  their 
services,  or  for  the  fees  to  their  attor¬ 
neys  or  agents.  Now  read  the  pro¬ 
vision  of  the  agreement : 

The  “Depository,”  “Controller”  and  “Re¬ 
organization  Committee,”  save  for  wilful 
default  or  for  gross  negligence  after  per¬ 
sonal  notice  of  distinct  specifications  in 
writing  from  some  person  interested  in  the 
trust,  shall  not  be  liable  or  responsible 
to  anyone. 

The  “Depository,”  “Controller”  and  “Re¬ 
organization  Committee”  may  select  and 
employ  in  and  about  the  execution  of  any 
of  the  duties  incumbent  upon  it,  him  or 
them,  hereunder  suitable  agents,  attorneys 
and  counsel,  and  shall  in  no  wise  be  liable 
or  responsible  for  their  acts  and  negligence 
if  selected  with  reasonable  care. 


THE  RURAL 

The  “Controller'’  shall  pat /  from  time  to 
time,  out  of  the  income  and  assets  of  the 
“ Properties ”  and  ‘'evidences  of  Indebted¬ 
ness”  and  “Depositor!/,”  the  “ Controller ” 
and  the  “ Reorganization  Committee ”  a  rea¬ 
sonable  compensation  for  their  services, 
and  all  expenses  incurred  bn  them  re- 
sp'cctively,  and  the  “ Depositor if”  and  the 
“Controller”  and  the  *'  Reorganization  Com¬ 
mittee'’  shall  have  a  lien  upon  the  “Evi¬ 
dences  of  Indebtedness”  deposited,  for  the 
amount  of  all  compensation  and  expenses 
due  them  and  remaining  unpaid. 

They  do  as  they  please.  They  are 
sole  judge.  They  are  responsible  to  no 
one.  They  fix  their  own  salaries.  They 
employ  whom  they  please  and  pay  what 
they  please  for  the  service.  They  pay 
for  it  all  as  they  go  along  out  of  the 
income  and  assets  of  the  properties. 
Note  out  of  the  “assets.”  There  being 
no  income,  all  this  must  be  paid  out 
of  the  proceeds  of  the  securities  them¬ 
selves  ;  and  note  further  that  they  have 
a  “lien”  on  the  papers  you  deposited 
until  their  salaries  and  expenses  are 
paid  them. 

In  other  words,  you  who  have  de¬ 
posited  your  securities  with  this  com¬ 
mittee  are  employing  an  organization. 
Of  how  many  people,  you  do  not  know. 
At  what  expense,  you  do  not  know.  All 
you  know  is  that  this  committee  is  un¬ 
der  the  control  of  the  man  who  has 
been  collecting  large  sums  of  money 
from  yourself  and  other  country  people 
for  the  past  10  years.  Not  one  of  these 
credulous  people  has  ever  received  a 
cent  of  profit;  few  have  been  able  to 
get  any  portion  of  their  money  returned, 
and  thousands  of  them  have  not  been 
able  to  get  any  of  it  back. 

Every  scheme  that  Lewis  ever  pro¬ 
moted — with  the  single  exception  of  one 
lottery  scheme — has  been  a  financial 
failure.  On  his  own  admission  his  nu¬ 
merous  concerns  are  now  bankrupt. 
With  all  of  this  record  of  failure  and 
abuse  of  confidence  you  are  asked  to 
turn  over  what  little  remains  of  your 
investment  that  he  may  use  it  and  live 
off  it  for  five  years  more,  and  then  give 
you  something  of  value  or  nothing  as 
he  may  please.  Does  any  sane  man  be¬ 
lieve  that  he  prepared  the  “Depositors’ 
Agreement”  giving  his  committee  such 
unlimited  powers  for  the  benefit  of  the 
creditors?  Go  back  over  his  record 
and  you  will  find  that  this  reorganiza¬ 
tion  committee  is  only  one  more  link  in 
the  fraudulent  chain  of -schemes  that  he 
has  developed  during  the  past  10  years. 
The  exchange  of  one  paper  security  for 
another  and  the  reorganization  of 
worthless  and  bankrupt  concerns  is  as 
old  as  the  art  of  swindling  through 
promotion  schemes.  Six  years  ago 
Lewis  got  possession  of  the  assets  of 
the  United  States  Bank  in  practically 
the  same  way.  The  notes  and  stocks 
he  gave  in  exchange  are  worthless.  He 
promised  dollar  for  dollar.  He  now 
promises  you  nothing.  Will  he  give  you 
anything  better? 

If  you  collect  from  the  receiver  what 
is  coming  to  you  on  these  claims,  you 
will  have  the  money  to  use  for  your 
own  purposes  and  the  comforts  of  your 
family.  If  you  allow  Lewis  to  collect 
it  through  his  committee,  he  need  not 
account  to  you  for  five  years.  Then 
you  must  take  what  he  is  pleased  to 
give  you.  Seven  years  ago  he  promised 
to  “burn  your  pockets”  with  the  weight 
of  your  profits.  You  got  worthless 
paper.  Those  whom  he  fools  again 
probably  merit  the  sneer  he  flung  in 
his  Washington  testimony  at  the  old 
victims. 


NEWS  FROM  ALBANY,  N.  Y. 

Control  of  Chestnut  Blight. — As  al¬ 
ready  told.  Commissioner  Pearson  invited 
officials  having  to  do  with  the  forests 
from  six  States  to  meet  here  October  19 
for  the  purpose  of  considering  what  is  to 
be  done  to  combat  the  spread  of  the  chest¬ 
nut  tree  hlight.  Two  dozen  scientists  as¬ 
sembled  in  response  to  the  call,  and  after 
listening  to  a  message  from  Governor  Dix 
in  which  he  said  he  regarded  the  spread  of 
the  disease  as  a  catastrophe  and  hopes  to 
see  effective  measures  adopted  in  all  States 
where  the  chestnut  is  native  which  will 
result  in  saving  this  valuable  tree,  both 
in  forests  and  private  plantings,  .imme¬ 
diately  went  into  executive  session.  It  is 
understood  that  after  going  over  the  situ¬ 
ation  it  was  decided  to  treat  the  disease 
as  a  conflagration  would  be  treated,  that 
is  to  fight  it  from  the  front*  Infected 
trees  must  be  cut  out  and  their  bark  de¬ 
stroyed.  The  most  active  work  will  be 
done  in  areas  where  infection  is  least  wide¬ 
spread.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  Gov¬ 
ernor,  knowing  as  he  does  the  graveness  of 
the  situation  will,  in  his  message  to  the 
next  Legislature,  call  attention  to  the  situ¬ 
ation  and  recommend  an  appropriation  be 
made  with  which  to  fight  the  blight. 

American  Good  Roads  Conoress. — The 
officials  of  the  State  Highway  Commission 
are  bending  all  their  energies  to  make  the 
American  Good  Roads  Congress  to  be  held 
in  conjunction  with  the  Eighth  Annual 
Convention  of  the  American  Road  Build¬ 
ers’  Association  at  Rochester.  November 
14  to  17.  the  biggest  kind  of  a  success. 
Last  month  Governor  Dix  invited  the  gov¬ 
ernors  of  all  the  States  and  the  provinces 
of  Canada  to  send  delegates  to  the  con¬ 
gress,  and  nearly  all  have  complied,  thus 
attesting  their  interest  in  highway  im¬ 
provement  and  showing  that  they  are  im- 


NEW  -YORKER 

pressed  with  the  importance  of  this  meeting 
as  an  educational  factor.  All  of  the  county 
superintendents  of  this  State  will  bo  in 
attendance,  and  it  is  hoped  that  committees 
from  boards  of  supervisors  will  be  sent 
from  each  county.  The  exhibition  of  road 
and  street  building,  machinery  and  mate¬ 
rial  will  be  one  of  the  largest  ever  as¬ 
sembled. 

Motor  Car  Registry. — The  automobile 
bureau  of  the  Secretary  of  State’s  office 
gives  notice  that  all  licenses  must  be  re¬ 
newed  January  31,  1912,  if  the  cars  were 
registered  during  the  year  beginning  Feb¬ 
ruary  1,  1911.  Three  offices  have  been 

established  by  the  department  where  new 
licenses  will  be  issued  and  wfiere  renewals 
may  be  filed.  They  are  Broadway  and 
Seventy-fourth  street.  New  York,  760  Main 
street,  Buffalo,  and  at  the  automobile  bu¬ 
reau,  Capitol,  Albany. 

One  Thousand  Dollars  Daily. — It  is 
costing  the  State  something  more  than 
.$1,000  a  day  to  conduct  the  investigation 
into  the  city  and  county  governments  of 
Albany.  Large  crowds  flock  to  each  ses¬ 
sion  of  the  “probe,”  as  the  investigation 
is  known  here,  and  frequently  the  crowds 
are  so  great  that  the  doors  of  the  Senate 
chamber,  where  the  sittings  of  the  committee 
are  held,  have  to  be  locked  against  them. 
Attorney  Osborne,  of  New  York,  who  is 
conducting  the  “probe”  frequently  gives  the 
audiences  a  thrill  of  excitement  by  putting 
on  the  witness  stand  a  “veiled  woman  of 
mystery,”  or  by  some  other  device,  so  as 
to  whet  public  curiosity.  There  may 
some  good  come  from  the  exposures  of 
double  charges  for  printing  and  the  laying 
bare  of  the  fact  that  there  is  a  printing 
ring,  hut  it  is  doubtful  if  the  political  ends 
sought  by  the  originators  of  the  investiga¬ 
tion  will  be  served. 

Proper  Quarantining. — Attorney  Gen¬ 
eral  Carmody  informs  the  Agricultural  De¬ 
partment,  relative  to  the  enforcement  of 
a  rabies  quarantine,  that  “in  order  to  se¬ 
clude  a  dog  under  the  quarantine  regula¬ 
tions.  it  is  necessary  to  confine  it  within 
either  a  building  or  an  enclosed  yard,  so 
that  it  will  not  be  upon  the  public  high¬ 
way.”  The  Attorney  General  does  not  con¬ 
sider  that  a  dog  is  “secluded’  when  he  is 
being  led  by  a  leash  on  the  highways  or 
any  other  public  place  within  the  quar¬ 
antine  district.  This  would  seem  to  apply 
to  dogs  being  carried  about  the  country  in 
their  master’s  automobile. 

Ttte  Schenectady  Railway  Strike. — 
Employees  of  the  Schenectady  railway  re¬ 
cently  went  on  strike  for  the  sole  purpose 
of  asserting  their  right  to  organize  a  union. 
For  about  36  hours  no  cars  were  run  in 
that  city  and  communication  between  there 
and  Albany,  and  other  adjacent  cities,  was 
discontinued.  Fortunately  the  employes 
exhibited  a  degree  of  moderation  and  self- 
restraint  unusual  iin  such  disturbances, 
with  the  result  that  only  one  person,  a 
conductor  on  a  car  running  into  Watervliet, 
was  injured,  and  he  not  seriousiy.  It 
was  a  “sympathizer”  who  struck  the 
only  blow,  and  not  one  of  the  strikers. 
The  management  of  the  railway  finally 
yielded  to  the  demands  of  the  new  union 
and  the  men  at  once  returned  to  work. 
There  was  no  question  of  wages  involved ; 
merely  of  the  right  of  the  men  to  organize, 
and  the  outcome  appears  to  meet  the  public 
favor  and  approval.  Schenectady  is  a 
strong  “union”  city  ;  indeed  it  is  said  that 
the  Socialist  candidate  for  mayor  stands  a 
good  chance  of  being  elected  ait  the  coming 
election,  so  strong  has  the  socialistic  spirit 
impressed  the  workers  in  the  great  shops 
of  the  General  Electric  Company,  the  loco¬ 
motive  works  and  other  industries. 

SnoRT  Measure  Dealers. — The  city 
sealer  of  weights  and  measures,  under  di¬ 
rection  of  Dr.  Reichmann,  State  Superin¬ 
tendent  of  Weights  and  Measures,  recently 
seized  a  large  quantity  of  false  weights 
and  measures  in  a  raid  confined  to  the 
western  portion  of  the  city.  Sixty  stores 
and  shops  were  visited  and  false  apparatus 
was  found  in  30  of  them.  Warrants  have 
been  issued  against  those  found  violating 
the  law  and  who  had  been  previously 
warned.  Senator  Sullivan’s  bill,  which  he- 
came  operative  as  a  law  on  September  1, 
makes  the  possession  or  use  of  any  false 
apparatus  for  determining  weight  or  quan¬ 
tity  of  commodity  presumptive  evidence  of 
the  knowledge  of  its  falsity  by  the  user. 
Heretofore  dealers  have  claimed  they  did 
not  know  they  were  violating  the  law.  and 
frequently  escaped  punishment. 

Eriro  of  a  Scandal. — Governor  Dix  re¬ 
cently  vetoed  a  bill  designed  to  pay  the 
attorneys  of  Senator  Allds  in  the  inquiry 
which  resulted  in  his  removal,  the  sum  of 
$35,938.60,  and  gave  excellent  reasons 
therefor.  Tt  is  not  necessary  to  go  into 
details;  ’most  any  reason  will  satisfy  the 
taxpayers. 

Excise  Law  Enforcement. — The  State 
excise  department  is  doing  excellent  work 
in  cleaning  up  the  illegal  liquor  traffic 
which  had  got  to  be  a  disgrace  in  the  capi¬ 
tal  city.  Eight  licenses  were  recently  re¬ 
voked  in  one  batch,  and  other  violations 
are  waiting  decision  in  the  courts.  This 
activity  is  not  confined  to  this  city  alone, 
but  inspectors  are  abroad  in  many  places 
in  the  State,  seeking  evidence  upon  which 
to  base  suits  for  cancellation.  Thus  far 
no  charge  has  been  made  that  these  actions 
have  any  political  hearing  and  as  long  as 
this  condition  exists  every  good  citizen 
will  applaud  Commissioner  Farley. 

Nurse  for  New  Banks. — Bank  Superin¬ 
tendent  Van  Tuyl  has  instituted  a  new  bu¬ 
reau  in  his  department,  charged  to  act  as 
a  sort  of  nursing  mother  to  those  State 
financial  institutions  requiring  first  aid. 
His  plan  is  comprehensive  and  has  already 
been  tried  out  in  the  case  of  a  threatening 
situation  in  one  small  up-State  bank.  The 
bank  was  in  a  dangerous  condition  when 
taken  in  hand,  but  is  now  running  along 
smoothly.  j 

Busy  Days.- — August  16,  sowed  Alfalfa, 
August  17  started  to  Detroit  and  Grand 
Rapids.  Mich.,  for  two  weeks ;  since  then 
we  shipped  20  acres  celery,  four  acres  let¬ 
tuce.  put  12  acres  in  wheat  and  Timothy 
seeding,  bought,  erected  and  filled  new  silo, 
11x30,  and  old  silo.  12x30.  besides  caring 
for  10  cows  and  other  farm  work,  and  the 
old  man,  62  years  old.  is  tired.  I  put  in 
four  acres  of  rye  silage  according  to  The 
R.  N.-Y.  My  stock  won’t  eat  it;  not  hun¬ 
gry.  It  is  nice,  but  they  prefer  browse. 
Crops  all  good  here  except  hay  and  potatoes 

Wellsboro.  Pa.  h.  w. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — The  New  York  Court  of 
Appeals  has  decided  that  if  the  directors 
of  a  corporation  simply  declare  and  pub¬ 
lish  the  declaration  of  a  dividend  upon  its 
stock  knowing  that  it  is  to  be  paid  out 
of  capital  instead  of  earnings  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  inducing  the  public  to  purchase 
stock  in  the  company,  any  member  of  the 
public  who  so  purchases  in  reliance  upon 
the  dividend  declared  may  hold  the  di¬ 
rectors  personally  liable  for  losses  upon  the 
stock.  This  upholds  the  minority  opinion 
of  Justice  Miller  of  the  Appellate  Division 
in  the  case  of  Marx  Ottinger  against  the 
directors  of  the  old  American  Ice  Company. 
Mr.  Ottinger  is  suing  the  directors  per¬ 
sonally  on  the  ground  that  he  and  others 
purchased  ice  stock  under  the  false  impres¬ 
sion  that  the  dividends  declared  were  to 
be  paid  from  earnings  of  that  concern. 
The  directors  demurred  that  there  was  no 
cause  of  action  and  the  demurrer  was  up¬ 
held  by  the  Appellate  Division,  Justice  Mil¬ 
ler  dissenting.  The  Court  of  Appeals 
adopts  Justice  Miller’s  dissenting  opinion 
and  directs  the  defendant  to  answer. 

Dissolution  of  the  United  States  Steel 
Corporation  and  its  subsidiary  companies 
was  asked  for  by  the  Government  in  a 
suit  filed  in  the  United  States  Circuit 
Court  at  Trenton,  N.  .T.,  October  26.  The 
petition  charges  that  the  Steel  Corporation 
is  an  illegal  combination  in  restraint  of 
trade  and  therefore  prohibited  by  the 
Sherman  anti-trust  law  of  July  2,  1890. 
The  defendants  named  in  the  bill  include 
37  corporations,  five  individuals  sued  as 
trustees  and  18  in  their  capacity  as  officers 
and  directors  of  the  Steel  Corporation  or  its 
subsidiaries.  Pending  final  hearing  and 
determination  of  the  case  the  Government 
asked  that  a  temporary  restraining  order 
be  issued  enjoining  the  defendants  sever¬ 
ally  and  collectively  from  continuing  the 
alleged  illegal  monopoly.  When  reports  of  the 
steel  trust  prosecution  reached  Pittsburgh 
financiers  and  steel  men  were  astonished. 
Probably  the  greatest  dismay  and  apprehen¬ 
sion  exist  among  the  Carnegie  philanthrop¬ 
ies  in  that  city.  The  Carnegie  Institute, 
the  libraries,  the  Carnegie  Technical  and 
the  Margaret  Morrison  schools,  the  Car¬ 
negie  pension  system,  the  Carnegie  Hero 
Fund  Commission  and  others,  representing 
probably  $30,000,000,  would  be  affected 
should  the  Government  succeed  in  dissolv¬ 
ing  the  Steel  Corporation.  These  philan¬ 
thropies  are  supported  by  five  per  cent 
first  mortgage  bonds.  Should  the  subsi¬ 
diaries  of  the  Steel  Corporation  be  re¬ 
grouped  the  effect  is  problematical. 

That  the  bedrock  “key,”  specified  in  the 
plans  for  the  Austin,  Pa.,  dam  was  omitted 
in  the  work  of  construction  is  the  con¬ 
clusion  of  Alexander  R.  McKim,  New  York 
State  Inspector  of  dams  and  locks,  who 
has  returned  from  an  inspection  of  the 
scene  of  the  Austin  disaster.  Inspector 
McICIm’s  deductions  have  been  embodied 
in  a  report.  There  were  other  defects 
alleged,  which  appeared  to  make  the  dam 
insecure. 

Unusually  cold  weather  for  this  season 
is  reported  from  Big  Hole  Basin  in  the 
southwestern  part  of  Montana.  Thermom¬ 
eters  at  Wisdom,  Mon.,  registered  10  de¬ 
grees  below  zero  October  28.  The  cold 
wave  has  swept  the  entire  Northwest  and 
has  been  accompanied  by  snowstorms. 
Three  inches  of  snow  was  on  the  ground 
at  Dillon.  Mont..  October  29.  Sheep  have 
suffered  from  lack  of  grass  due  to  the  early 
cold,  but  otherwise  no  damage  has  been 
done. 

President  Taft  reviewed  the  great  naval 
parade  in  New  -York  Harbor  November  2 
The  review  included  24  battleships,  four  of 
them,  the  Delaware,  North  Dakota,  Flor¬ 
ida  and  Utah,  the  most  powerful  afloat; 
two  armored  cruisers,  two  protected  cruis¬ 
ers.  22  destroyers,  16  torpedo  boats,  eight 
submarines,  four  gunboats,  nine  auxiliaries, 
eight  colliers,  one  oil  tanker,  and  several 
miscellaneous  vessels.  102  in  all,  aggregat¬ 
ing  577.285  tons  and  witli  a  complement 
of  1,100  officers  and  25,000  men  With 
the  exception  of  the  Iowa,  Indiana  and 
Massachusetts,  veterans  of  the  war  with 
Spain,  every  battleship  has  been  built  since 
1900.  In  all  they  carry  no  less  than  124 
12-inch  guns,  eight  13-inch  guns,  128  8- 
lnch  guns,  100  7-inch  guns,  96  6-inch 
guns,  60  5-inch  guns  and  10  4-inch  guns. 
Twenty-four  warships  of  the  pacific  fleet 
were  reviewed  in  Los  Angeles  harbor  No¬ 
vember  1. 

FARM  AND  GARDEN.— The  tenth  an¬ 
nual  convention  of  the  National  Nut  Grow¬ 
ers’  Association  was  held  at  the  Battle 
House,  Mobile,  Ala.,  October  5.  The  at¬ 
tendance  was  large  and  representative  of 
all  parts  of  the  country.  A  number  of 
cities  tendered  invitations  for  the  next 
meeting  and  Gulfport.  Miss.,  was  selected 
by  the  committee  and  endorsed  by  the 
convention.  Officers  for  the  ensuing  vear 
were  elected  as  follows:  II.  K  Miller, 
Monticello,  Fla.,  president;  W.  N.  Nutt, 
Raleigh,  N.  C.,  first  vice-president;  ('has. 

A.  Van  Duzee,  St. .Paul,  Minn.,  second  vice- 
president;  .T.  F.  Wilson,  Poulan,  Ga.,  sec¬ 
retary;  Nathaniel  Brewer,  Jr.,  Newport, 
Fla.,  treasurer;  Theodore  Bechtel.  Ocean 
Springs,  Miss..  E.  W.  Kirkpatrick,  Mc¬ 
Kinney,  Tex.,  IT.  S.  Watson.  Bloomington, 
la.,  Robert  T.  Morris.  New  York  City,  and 

B.  W.  Stone,  Thomasville,  Ga.,  executive 
committee. 

The  next  regular  Winter  meeting  of  the 
Eastern  Fruit  Growers’  Association  has 
been  called  by  Hon.  S.  L.  Lupton,  presi¬ 
dent,  for  Tuesday.  December  12,  at  8  p.  m., 
at’  the  Raleigh  Hotel,  Washington,  D.  C., 
the  sessions  to  continue  on  the  following 
day  or  days  as  the  business  of  the  asso¬ 
ciation  may  ivquire.  Matters  of  legislation 
and  interstate  problems  which  will  be  dis¬ 
cussed  include  a  standard  package  law;  a 
law  giving  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  the 
right  to  quarantine  against  infested  nursery 
seedlings ;  inequality  in  the  present  freight 
rates  on  apples  in  the  eastern  territory ; 
how  to  make  fruit  crop  reports  of  more 
value ;  and  such  other  matters  as  delegates 
from  the  horticultural  societies  or  members 
may  bring  up. 

The  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company  be¬ 
gan  its  fourth  season’s  work  November  1 
by  sending  out  a  special  educational  train 
over  its  Pittsburgh  and  Conemaugh  divi¬ 
sions.  The  train  will  make  a  throe  day 
tour  of  western  Pennsylvania,  stopping  in 
all  at  17  stations,  at  which  lectures  will 
be  delivered  by  professors  from  the  Penn¬ 
sylvania  State  College  of  Agriculture  on 
subjects  most  vital  to  each  section. 


llOO 


THIS  RURAL*  NEW-YORKER 


November  11, 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

ON  THE  PLAINS. 

Dispirited  I  trod  a  pathway  bare, 

One  slow  monotony  of  level  way. 

No  mountain  height  rose  luminous  in  air, 

No  rill  came  down  in  iridescent  spray  ; 

Dusty  and  hot  shone  the  unshadowed 
day. 

Yet  none  of  this  annoyed  a  dweller  there, 

A  patient  plowman,  furrow  scarce  begun. 
“I  like  the  place,”  said  he,  ‘‘and  find  it 
fair ; 

Our  crops  reward  us  for  the  tilling  done 

Where  we  can  see  the  shining  of  the  sun.” 

Likewise,  oh  soul,  heed  not  thy  toiling 
place ! 

Dream  of  thy  harvest !  By  each  con¬ 
trite  one 

The  Lord  himself  abides.  Oh,  wondrous 
grace ! 

His  presence  glorifies  thy  labor  done, 

One  everlasting  shining  of  the  sun. 

— Caroline  D.  Swan  in  the  Living  Church. 

* 

A  new  model  of  waffle  iron  has  three 
compartments,  each  of  which  can  bei 
taken  out  of  the  iron  frame  and  washed 
separately.  It  costs  $2.70. 

* 

We  are  told  that  a  woman  who  had 
some  few  scattering  fruits  made  a  mar¬ 
malade  by  mixing  together  peaches, 
pears,  quinces  and  apples,  with  a  sea¬ 
soning  of  cloves,  ginger  and  lemon  peel. 
The  skins  and  cores  were  boiled  sepa¬ 
rately  to  make  the  syrup,  which  formed 
a  jelly-like  consistency.  She  calls  this 
hodge-podge  jam. 

* 

Little  children  too  young  for  a  coun¬ 
try  school  will  get  both  pleasure  and 
instruction  from  the  kindergarten  sets 
sold  by  large  toy  and  department  stores. 
They  vary  in  price  from  around  75  cents 
to  $3,  and  include  a  variety  of  blocks, 
stenciling  and  paper  work  materials. 
Wooden  boxes  of  colored  beads,  costing 
10  to  25  cents,  are  also  beloved  of  the 
children,  who  take  great  pleasure  in 
stringing  beads,  and  learn  something  of 
color  combinations  by  doing  it. 

* 

We  hear  sometimes  of  the  scoffers 
who  put  buttons  in  the  evangelist’s  con¬ 
tribution  basket,  but  according  to  the 
Nyasaland  (Africa)  Diocesan  Chronicle, 
quoted  by  the  New  York  Evening  Post, 
the  collections  in  the  Anglican  Cathedral 
at  Likoma,  Lake  Nyasa,  must  bear  the 
palm  for  embarrassing  variety.  During 
March  the  collections  included  167  coins, 
173  work  tickets,  two  pieces  of  soap,  six 
bracelets,  seven  necklaces,  58  corncobs, 
130  pumpkins,  three  baskets  of  cassava- 
root,  two  papais  (whatever  they  may 
be),  three  melons,  one  gourd,  21  eggs, 
two  chickens  and  one  duck.  The  num¬ 
ber  of  coins  is  really  most  creditable  to 
the  faithful  laity,  who  a  few  years  ago 
wore  no  clothes,  and  consequently  pos¬ 
sessed  no  pockets  to  carry  the  root  of 
all  evil. 

* 

We  have  just  been  putting  up  our 
stenciled  curtains  for  the  Winter,  and 
again  congratulate  ourselves  on  their 
attractiveness.  They  are  made  of  plain 
cream-white  scrim,  with  two-inch  hem, 
and  a  deep  band  of  stenciling  across  the 
bottom.  This  stenciling  was  done  with 
oil  paint,  and  we  find  that  it  washes 
perfectly,  when  laundered  like  any  fine 
colored  materials  with  white  soap  and 
lukewarm  water.  The  water  colors  are 
very  nice  for  stenciling  where  the  ma¬ 
terial  is  not  to  be  washed,  but  they  are 
not  likely  to  be  fast  in  laundering.  The 
cheesecloth  or  scrim  costs  10  or  12  cents 
a  yard,  and  the  stenciling  can  be  done 
in  any  color  liked,  making  a  most  ar¬ 
tistic  effect  at  very  moderate  cost.  For 
a  girl’s  room  we  stenciled  a  border  of 
pink  roses  all  along  the  edges  of  the 
curtains ;  a  room  papered  in  yellow  has 
curtains  with  a  design  of  pine  cones  in 
brown  and  dull  green.  It  will  often  be 
found  that  a  little  black,  brushed  on 


carefully  to  deepen  the  shadows,  or 
mixed  with  the  main  color,  will  make  a 
design  more  effective,  but  the  worker 
will  gain  facility  in  execution,  and  find 
that  much  originality* can  be  worked  into 
set  designs. 

* 

Several  years  ago  we  printed  a  note 
regarding  a  neighborhood  exchange 
which  proved  a  great  convenience  to 
the  people  in  an  isolated  country  place. 
The  exchange  was  in  a  central  place, 
and  was  managed  by  a  crippled  woman 
who  was  otherwise  unprovided  for.  She 
started  the  exchange  in  the  Summer 
boarder  season,  because  the  boarders 
often  wanted  fruit,  or  souvenirs,  or 
homemade  cake,  or  plain  sewing,  or 
fine  laundry  work.  All  these  things 
were  planned  for  by  the  woman  who 
kept  the  exchange,  who  received  a  fee 
of  10  per  cent,  on  each  transaction.  The 
people  who  did  the  work  did  not  have 
to  hunt  up  customers,  or  travel  here  and 
there  to  deliver  things — everything  was 
delivered  at  the  exchange.  We  were 
told  the  work  proved  such  a  convenience 
that  it  was  continued  the  year  around ; 
one  farmer’s  wife  who  had  been  a  mil¬ 
liner  was  glad  to  find  such  work  through 
the  exchange,  while  it  gave  a  handy  way 
of  hearing  about  women  who  would  go 
out  to  work  or  do  nursing,  and  also  to 
plan  sales  of  produce,  buyers  finding  it 
a  central  point.  It  would  seem  that 
there  is  a  useful  idea  here  for  many 
rather  isolated  communities. 

Keeping  Autumn  Leaves. 

Could  you  Inform  one  of  your  readers 
how  to  preserve  Fall  foliage  so  It  will  keep 
during  the  Winter  when  used  in  the  room 
for  decorative  purposes?  In  its  ordinary 
state  it  will  crumble  up  in  a  short  time 
and  lose  its  beauty.  I  thought  perhaps 
some  liquid  could  be  covered  over  the 
leaves  to  keep  them  in  shape.  H.  s. 

First  press  the  leaves  carefully  be¬ 
tween  soft  newspapers  under  a  weight, 
until  fully  dry,  then  paint  over  with  a 
shellac  varnish.  We  have  had  very  fair 
success  in  this  way,  though  in  a  warm, 
dry  room  it  is  always  hard  to  keep  the 
leaves  perfect  for  any  great  length  of 
time.  An  old-fashioned  method  of  pre¬ 
paring  Autumn  leaves  is  to  wax  them ; 
press  for  a  few  days,  then  scrape  a  little 
wrhite  wax  on  the  leaf,  and  rub  it  over 
with  a  warm  (not  hot)  flatiron.  This 
is  quite  efficacious,  and  easily  done. 

Keeping  Cider  Sweet. 

Will  you  tell  me  how  to  keep  cider  sweet 
during  the  Winter?  t.  e.  h. 

The  one  sure  way  to  keep  cider  sweet 
is  to  bottle  and  sterilize  like  grape 
juice.  It  must  not  be  boiled,  as  that 
spoils  the  flavor.  Mr.  J.  S.  Woodward 
told  us  how  he  does  this  two  years  ago. 
The  cider  is  strained  through  flannel, 
then  heated  to  160  degrees  and  held  at 
this  temperature  for  15  minutes,  after 
which  it  is  put  into  clean  jugs  or  bot¬ 
tles,  which  are  immediately  corked  with 
new  corks,  pressed  in  firmly  and  tied 
down,  the  top  immediately  covered  with 
paraffin.  When  cold  another  covering 
of  paraffin  is  put  over  the  cork,  and  the 
containers  are  then  stored  in  a  cool 
dark  place.  We  have  been  told  that 
cider  will  not  ferment  if  a  handful  of 
mustard  seed  is  put  in  the  barrel,  but 
we  have  no  experience  with  this. 

Plans  for  Dumb  Waiter  Wanted. 

I  would  be  very  much  pleased  if  you 

would  give  directions  for  making  a  dumb 
waiter  in  farmer’s  kitchen.  I  only  de¬ 

sire  a  small  one,  probably  20  inches  deep 
and  three  feet  six  inches  wide  and  five 

feet  high,  and  want  it  to  be  even  with 

kitchen  floor  when  down.  If  you  can  give 
this  information  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  it  will  be 
a  great  help  to  me.  t.  o. 

An  Oregon  correspondent  told  us  sev¬ 
eral  years  ago  that  anyone  who  knew 
how  to  use  tools  could  make  a  dumb 
waiter,  the  only  requirements  being  a 
shaft  built  smooth  and  true,  with  a 
closet  door  above  and  below,  a  dumb 
waiter  hung  true,  and  a  block  and 


tackle  with  trip  to  hold  the  rope  as  de¬ 
sired.  We  hardly  understand  the  di¬ 
mensions  given;  if  we  understand  it 
aright,  three  feet  six  inches  wide  does 
not  sound  very  small.  Will  some  one 
who  has  built  a  dumb  waiter  give  plans, 
and  any  other  advice  that  may  be  help¬ 
ful  to  this  inquirer? 

How  I  Used  a  Windfall. 

Your  recent  article  “A  Penny  Saved” 
reminded  me  of  my  last  Winter’s  experi¬ 
ence  in  economy  in  the  matter  of  dresses 
for  my  two  growing  girls.  My  friends 
know  that  I  am  pleased  to  make  use  of 
outgrown  clothing,  so  I  had  a  veritable 
windfall.  A  figured  challis,  with  dilapi¬ 
dated  yoke,  was  freshened  with  a  new 
one  of  pretty  pink  goods  I  had  in  the 
house — also  a  gift.  This,  with  shorten¬ 
ing  the  skirt,  made  my  younger  girlie’s 
“Sunday  best”  all  Winter.  Next  came 
a  Russian  dress  of  fine  quality  dark  blue 
serge  trimmed  with  a  braid  particularly 
suitable,  but  badly  soiled  and  faded.  I 
removed  the  braid,  thinking  it  worthless, 
but  the  wrong  side  was  so  pretty  I 
stitched  it  on  again.  I  also  removed 
the  short  sleeves  and  shortened  the 
gown,  which  was  worn  with  guimpes  to 
school  all  Winter,  and  is  good  for  an¬ 
other  season  by  letting  down  the  hem. 
Third  on  my  list  is  a  brown  serge 
trimmed  with  velvet  of  the  same  shade. 
This  dress  just  fitted  my  older  girl  but 
as  she  attended  the  same  school  where 
it  had  been  worn  I  wished  to  change 
its  appearance  somewhat.  I  removed  the 
velvet  and  trimmed  it  with  a  harmon¬ 
izing  plaid  and  it  looked  like  a  different 
gown.  Then  came  a  bright  red  serge, 
badly  spotted,  and  a  green-grey  skirt  of 
mixed  goods.  These  I  dipped  in  dye- 
dark  wine — and  it  came  out  a  beautiful 
rich  shade.  This,  trimmed  with  silk  of 
the  same  shade  which  I  happened  to 
have  in  the  house,  made  a  very  nice 
school  dress. 

When  I  counted  up  the  money  cost  of 
two  dresses  for  each  girl  and  found  it  to 
be  about  85  cents,  I  felt  free  to  buy  the 
goods  and  trimmings  for  the  older  girl’s 
best  dress  which  came  to  exactly  $5 ;  I 
made  the  dress  myself.  I  often  make 
the  girls’  guimpes  from  partly  wornout 
shirtwaists,  but  it  does  not  pay  to  do 
this  if  they  are  badly  worn.  Those 
clothes,  as  they  were  given  to  me,  did 
not  look  attractive,  everything  being 
very  much  soiled,  but  a  vigorous  use 
of  soap  and  water,  dye  and  flatiron 
worked  the  transformation.  b.  d. 


THE 

BRAIN 


is  the  force  that  keeps 
the  nerves  well  poised 
and  controls  firm,  strong 
muscles. 

Men  and  women  who 
do  the  world’s  work  can 
avoid  Brain-fag  and 
guard  their  health  by  feed¬ 
ing  brain  and  body  with 

Scott’s  Emulsion 


ALL  DRUGGISTS 

11-60 


cleanest  and  most  reliable  lighting  system 
known  for  farms  and  country  homes.  The 
Dayton  Electric  Lighting  Outfits  are  low  in 
cost,  easy  to  install,  cost  almost  nothing  to 
operate.  Give  you  better  lights  than  most  city 
people  enjoy.  Wiite  today  for  complete  illus¬ 
trated  catalog  showing  outfits,  fixtures,  etc. 

DAYTON  ELECTRICAL  MFG.  CO. 
231  St.  Clair  Street  Dayton,  Ohio 


rprr  THIS  ALADDIN  lamp  rper: 

I  11  L.  V  BURNS  KEROSENE  Coal  Oil  >  ■  Kl  L.  L. 


Outshines  city  gas  or  electricity.  Simple, 
noiseless,  odorless, clean,  safe,  money-sav¬ 
ing.  ’Guaranteed.  Write  nearest  office  for 
catalogue  M  and  learn  how  to  get  an 
Aladdin  Mantle  Lamp  FREE. 

AGFNTC  T-  H*  ball  sold  sso 

on  money  back  guarantee, 

!not  one  returned.  Stacey  sold  12  in  one  hour. 
Newsom  sold  12  In  10  calls.  Gibson  sold  48 
in  5  days.  Sells  its*  If.  Needed  in  every  home. 
Our  Sunbeam  Burner  fits  other  lamps. 
Completelino  for  homes,  stores,  etc.  Ask 
for  our  liberal  agency  proposition. 

MANTLE  LAMP  CO.  OF  AMERICA,  Pent.  40B 
Ofllees  at  —  Chicago,  III.,  Portland,  Ore.,  tVaterbury,  Conn., 
Pallas,  Tex.,  Winnipeg,  Montreal,  Canada 

WE  WILL  SEND  WITHOUT  MONEY 

either  this  Beautiful  ('luster  of  Puffs  made  or 
Flue  Human  Hair  or  a  22-inch  Switch  of 
lustrous  straight  or  wavy  Human  Hair. 

Examine  it  and  convince  yourself  that 
it  is  t lie  MggeRt  bargain  you  could  get. 
If  satisfactory  remit  $1.50  for  puffs  or  $2 
for  switch.  Otherwise  return  in  10 
days.  Blonde  or  gray  shades  cost  a  little 
more,  Send  sample  of  hair. 

You  can  earn  either  article  free.  Ask  us 
how  Ask  for  new  free  catalog,  illustrating 
latest  st  vies  In  liair-dresslng. 

LEADING  FASHION  CO,,  Dept.  B.  153  Sixth  Ave.,  New  York 


a 


FUMA 


91  kins  Prairie  Dogs, 
Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
a  n  d  G  r  a  i  n  Insects. 
“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

*with  “  Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  are  doing. 

EDWARD  R.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. 


The  harvest  fields  are  tie  golden  links 
that  connect  the  ages  and  the  zones, 
and  associate  together  the  most  distant 
times  and  the  remotest  nations  in  one 
common  bond  of  sympathy  and  depend¬ 
ence.  They  make  of  the  earth  one  great 
home,  of  the  human  race  one  great  fam¬ 
ily,  and  of  God  the  universal  Parent. — 
Hugh  Macmillan. 


FARM  FOR  $2,500 

Sullivan  County,  New  York  Stato  Farm  in  good 
state  of  cultivation,  well  fenced  and  watered;  apple 
orchard,  maple  orchard,  small  fruit.  Large  13-room 
house,  large  barn  and  wagon-house,  granary  anil 
outbuildings.  One  mile  from  post  office,  stores 
and  State  road;  in  the  heart  of  the  popular  summer 
hoarding  section.  It  contains  about  130  acres:  to 
close  the  estate  it  will  he  sold  for  $2,500,  less  than 
the  cost  of  the  buildings.  It  lias  been  used  as  a 
dairy  and  grain  farm;  creamery  one  mile.  Address 
FARM,  care  Rural  New-Yorker,  409  Pearl  St.,  N.Y. 


CARIUK  Circular  free.  Dept.  151,  Lelaiid’s 
I  Hllino  jrarin  Agency,  31  Milk  St.,  Boston 


Read  This  Letter 


We  Ship 
the  Same 
Day 
Order  Is 
Rec’d. 


Save  $5.00  to  $40.00  On 
Your  Stove  Purchases 

PLENDID  Kalamazoo  Stoves  and  Ranges 
sold  direct  from  the  factory  will  net  you 
a  §5.00  to §40.00  saving— sometimes  more 
as  shown  in  this  letter.  No  dealer,  job¬ 
ber,  middleman  or  salesman  makes  a 
cent  on  Kalamazoo  stoves  and  you 
pocket  their  profits  and  get  the  best 
—America’s  Standard  Stove. 

Cash  or  Credit 

Pay  on  terms  that  meet  your  convenience  on  30 
Days  Free  Trial,  360  Days  Approval  Test,  Freight 
Prepaid  and  Shipment  made  same  day  order  is 
received.  170,000  satisfied  customers  prove  our  proposition. 

Big  Stove  Book— FREE 

A  Price  for  every  purse  among  our  400  styles  and  sizes, 
illustrated  and  described,  against  the  dozen  styles  your  dealer 

?plmful  °k  ‘.n?ide,  stove  facts  that  the  dealer  himself 
doesn  t  know.  Get  the  how  and  why  of  the  Kalamazoo  propo¬ 
sition.  Send  NOW — ask  for  catalog  No.  114. 


RADIANT 

BASE  BURNER 


Kalamazoo  Stove  Company,  Manufacturers 
Kalamzoo, 

Michigan 


A  Kalamazoo  Gas 

Direct  toYoxi  To 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


llOl 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  pattern  and  measurement  de¬ 
sired. 

The  first  group  shows  7132,  peasant 
yoke  blouse  for  misses  and  small 
women,  14,  16  and  18  years,  with  high 
or  low  neck,  with  or  without  under 
sleeves.  7140,  breakfast  jacket,  small 
34  or  36,  medium  38  or  40,  large  42  or 
44  bust,  with  sleeves  that  can  be  left 
loose  or  gathered  into  bands.  7106, 
tucked  blouse,  34  to  42  bust.  6982,  sik- 


gored  skirt,  22  to  32  waist.  7143,  child’s 
apron,  2  to  8  years,  with  high,  round  or 
square  neck,  with  long  or  short  sleeves, 
to  be  closed  in  back  or  front.  6772, 
boy’s  shirt  waist,  6  to  12  years.  Price 
of  each  pattern,  10  cents. 

The  second  group  includes  7183, 
tucked  blouse  or  shirt  waist,  34  to  42 
bust.  7168,  girl’s  dress  with  straight 
plaited  skirt,  8,  10  and  12  years.  7160, 
middy  blouse  for  misses  and  small 
women,  14,  16  and  18  years.  7154,  six- 


Care  of  the  Child’s  Eyes. 

The  baby's  eyes  should  be  washed 
with  boracic  solution  the  first  few  weeks 
of  its  life,  and  after  that  daily  with 
clean  water.  If  the  eyes  get  red  and 
inflamed  or  have  a  secretion  of  pus, 
the  boracic  solution  should  be  used 
again  until  they  are  entirely  normal. 
Buy  five  cents'  worth  of  powdered  bo¬ 
racic  acid ;  measure  as  much  of  it  as 
would  go  on  a  five-cent  piece  and  dis¬ 
solve  this  in  a  cupful  of  boiled  water 
that  is  partly  cooled.  Add  an  equal 
amount  of  cooled  boiled  water  to  this 
and  it  is  ready  to  use.  When  the  eyes 
are  very  bad,  use  this  every  hour  or 
two.  If  the  eyes  are  not  benefited 
after  two  days’  treatment,  another  dif¬ 
ferent  prescription  should  be  gotten 
from  the  doctor.  Pour  a  little  of  the 
boracic  solution  in  a  clean  glass ;  use 
w  Ji  a  medicine  dropper  or  a  wad  of 
clean  absorbent  cotton  or  muslin.  Place 
the  forefinger  on  the  upper  lid  and  the 
thumb  on  the  lower.  Press  the  lid 
gently  open,  so  the  inner  surface  of  the 
lids  show,  and  allow  the  solution  to 
run  over  the  open  eye  and  lids  from 
the  outer  corner  toward  the  nose,  but 
not  into  the  other  eye.  If  cotton  or 
the  cloth  wad  is  used,  do  not  use  the 
same  piece  for  both  eyes  nor  twice  for 
the  same  one. 

Many  school  children  would  study 
more  and  behave  better  if  they  wore 
proper  fitting  spectacles  or  had  their 
eyes  more  carefully  looked  after.  When 
the  child  has  frequent  headaches,  which 
are  worse  during  school  hours  and  are 
around  the  eyes  or  following  the  nerve 
of  sight,  and  is  severe  at  the  base  of 
the  skull,  there  is  every  indication  of 
eye  strain.  Sometimes  this  causes  sick 
stomach  and  vomiting.  The  eyes  should 
be  examined  and  tested  by  an  oculist, 
not  by  a  person  who  “makes  or  sells 
optical  glasses  and  instruments,”  who  is 
but  an  optician. 

EDYTHE  STODDARD  SEYMOUR. 


Pop  Corn  Pleasures. 

For  the  children  there  is  nothing  more 
amusing  than  a  pop  corn  party.  The 
small  folks  invited  are  requested  to  wear 
their  play  dresses,  as  there  is  apt  to  be 
more  or  less  “muss”  before  the  enter¬ 
tainment  is  over.  The  kitchen  supplied 
with  an  open  fireplace  makes  an  ideal 
place.  Lacking  that  the  stove  can  be 
used.  The  poppers  should  be  heated  be¬ 
fore  the  corn  is  added,  and  then  the  corn 
slightly  sprinkled  with  water  and  heated 
gradually  until  the  kernels  swell,  then 
the  heat  increased  until  the  grains  are 
all  burst.  When  a  quantity  is  prepared 
for  immediate  use,  some  of  the  older 
ones  can  make  some  balls  and  crisp 
cakes,  which  are  very  delicious  if  pre¬ 
pared  just  right.  To  make  the  balls 
place  one  pound  of  granulated  sugar  in 
a  saucepan,  add  half  a  cup  of  water,  half 
a  teaspoonful  of  cream  of  tartar,  and 
half  cup  of  butter;  cook  until  the  syrup 
will  spin  a  thread,  stirring  constantly  to 
prevent  graining.  Place  some  of  the 
popped  corn  in  a  deep  dish,  pour  the 
candied  syrup  over  the  corn  slowly,  stir¬ 
ring  the  corn  so  that  every  grain  will 
be  coated.  While  still  warm,  press  into 
medium-sized  balls  and  roll  in  colored  or 
white  sugar,  then  set  aside  to  cool. 

The  molasses  corn  cakes  are  made  by 
boiling  two  cups  of  molasses  and  half 
cup  of  butter  until ‘a  lump  will  harden 
when  dropped  in  cold  water.  Have 
ready  one  quart  of  the  popped  corn 
crushed  fine,  stir  into  the  boiling  taffy, 
remove  from  the  fire  and  pour  or  rake 
into  a  flat  buttered  pan.  Press  down 
smooth,  mark  in  squares,  when  cold  cut 
through  squares. 

Buttered  pop  corn  is  delicious  and  eas¬ 
ily  prepared.  Set  a  panful  Of  the  popped 
corn  in  the  oven  several  minutes,  then 
pour  over  some  melted  butter,  stir  corn 
thoroughly,  add  salt  and  serve. 

MRS.  D.  B.  P. 


Christmas 
Catalog  is  Ready 

Wonderful  Christmas  mer¬ 
chandise  ,  and  1000  toys  and 
games.  Let  the  Kiddies  see 
the  pictures  and  you’ll 
know  instantly  what  will 
please  them  most. 

Over  50  pages  of  our  Gen¬ 
eral  Winter  Catalog  are  do- 
voted  to  Christmas  sugges¬ 
tions.  Ask  for  that ,  too. 

Both  are  free  onrequest. 

Write  us  today:  "Send 
Christmas  Catalog  No  .202. ,r 

JOHN  WANAMAKER,  New  York 


TOWER’S?' 


mm 

4 


t  REFLEX  TOWER’S  j 


Before  purchasing 
A  Wet  Weather 
Garment  look  at 
the  construction 
of  the 

Fish  Brand 
KEFLEX  SUCKER 


O 

t-  i  The  concealed  edge  of  the 
coat  is  REFLEX.  The 
-rtVVEB'o  inside  storm  lap  also  has 
■  ,f  a  REFLEX  edgeassur- 
double  protection, 
making  it  absolutely 

Impossible 

For  Rain  To  Get  In. 

When  buttoned.  looks  like  an  ordinary  over¬ 
coat.  Light,  Durable,  Comfortable.  Ask 
your  dealer  to  show  you  the 

Fish  Brand  Rcjlex  Slicker  (Pat'd) 

$3.00  Everywhere 
A.  J.  Tower  Co..  Boston 
Tower-Canadian,  Ltd,  Toronto.  GUI 


58 

01 


TOWER’S  i  REFLEX  TOWER’S  5 


ffcEFLE* 


gored  skirt  for  misses  and  small  women, 
14,  16  and  18  years,  with  high  or  natural 
waist  line.  With  inverted  plaits  at  the 
sides,  front  and  back  gores  to  be  stitched 
to  any  depth.  7046,  three-piece  tucked 
skirt,  22  to  30  waist,  with  high  or 
natural  waistline.  7165,  child’s  bishop 
dress,  6  months,  1  and  2  years,  with 
short  or  long  sleeves.  Price  of  each, 
10  cents. 


Potato  Mayonnaise. — Make  a  good 
mayonnaise  in  the  usual  way,  and  to  a 
cupful  add  two  large  potatoes  prepared 
thus:  Boil  in  their  jackets,  peel  whole 
hot  and  rub  through  a  fine  colander  or 
vegetable  press.  Whip,  when  cold,  into 
the  mayonnaise  gradually,  stirring  until 
the  cream  mixture  in  smooth.  Season 
with  salt,  pepper  and  a  dash  of  onion 
juice,  and  just  before  serving  stir  into 
the  mayonnaise  the  white  of  an  egg 
whipped  stiff.  This  is  an  excellent 
dressing  for  a  macedoine  salad,  one  of 
tomatoes,  or  of  fish.  It  is  best’  suited 
for  a  side  dish  at  luncheon  or  supper. 
Eat  with  brown  bread  and  cheese. 


Victor- Victrola  IV 


$15 


Victor- Victrola  VI 

$25 


Victor- Victrola  VIII 

$40 


These  three  new  popular-priced  Victor-Victrolas 
are  of  the  same  hifeh  quality  and  standard  of  excel¬ 
lence  that  is  recognized  by  music-lovers  throughout 
the  world  in  all  products  of  the  Victor  Company. 


All  the  important  patented  Victor-Victrola  feat¬ 
ures,  including  Exhibition  sound  box,  tapering 
arm,  “goose-neck”  sound-box  tube,  and  concealed 
sounding-boards,  are  incorporated  in  them. 


There  isn’t  a  home  anywhere  that  wouldn’t  be  the  better  for  having 
a  Victor. 

Good  music  brightens  every  home,  and  with  a  Victor  or  Victor- 
Victrola  you  can  readily  satisfy  your  every  musical  taste — hear  whatever 
music  you  wish,  whenever  you  wish. 

These  three  new  popular-priced  instruments  make  it  easy  for  every 
one  to  own  a  genuine  Victor-Victrola. 

And  if  you  will  go  to  any  music  store  or  any  Victor  dealer’s  and 
hear  your  favorite  selection  on  the  Victor  or  Victor-Victrola,  you  will 
wonder  how  you  have  managed  to  satisfy  your  love  of  music  without  it. 

Ask  the  dealer  for  copies  of  the  handsome  Victor  catalogs  showing  the  different  instru¬ 
ments  and  containing  pictures  of  the  world’s  greatest  artists  who  make  records  for  the  Victor. 
Or  you  can  write  to  us  for  them. 


Other  styles 
of  the  Victor-Victrola 
$50,  $75.  $100,  $150,  $200,  $250 
Victors  $10  to  $100 


Victor  Talking  Machine  Co.,  20th  and  Cooper  Sts.,  Camden,  N.  J. 

Berliner  Gramophone  Co.,  Montreal,  Canadian  Distributors 


Always  use  Victor  Records  played  with  Victor  Needles 
— there  is  no  other  way  to  get  the  unequaled  Victor  tone. 


Victor  Needles 
6  cents  per  100 
60  cents  per  1000 


Victor-Victrola 


v  His  Masters  Voice, 


1102 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


November  11, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 


FARMERS  AND  PUREBRED  STOCK. 

The  question  often  comes  up  whether 
the  common  farmer  is  interested  in 
purebred  stock.  By  way  of  reaching 
an  answer  it  may  be  noted  that  dairy 
farmers  seem  to  be  rapidly  coming  to 
recognize  the  value  of  a  purebred  male 
to  head  their  herds  of  dairy  cows.  Not 
a  very  large  percentage  yet  own  such 
animals,  but  the  number  who  do  is 
greatly  in  excess  of  the  number  owning 
such  animals  live  years  ago,  or  even 
two  years  ago.  1  look  for  a  decided  in¬ 
crease  in  sales  of  bulls  to  dairy  farmers 
for  the  next  few  years,  particularly  if 
the  price  is  not  forced  too  high,  and 
the  quality  is  made  equal  to  pretenses. 
A  few  breeders  have,  occasionally,  done 
the  business  very  lasting  harm  by  sell¬ 
ing  inferior  animals  as  good  ones,  or  by 
substituting  grades  for  purebreds,  ap¬ 
parently.  1  say  “apparently,”  for  it  is 
difficult  to  trace  some  of  these  deals.  It- 
is  certain  that  farmers  have  in  occa¬ 
sional  instances  purchased  bulls  that  re¬ 
sulted  in  anything  but  improved  stock, 
and  with  every  reason  to  believe  that  an 
animal  of  no  particular  breeding  had 
been  palmed  off  on  them.  I  have  per¬ 
sonally  known  of  a  few  such  cases.  The 
result  is  to  stop  the  sale  of  a  good 
many  worthy  animals. 

When  a  man  has  provided  himself 
with  a  .  purebred  bull,  it  is  not  a  long 
step  to  the  purchase  of  a  purebred  cow. 
This,  too,  is  what  some  farmers  are 
doing,  but  the  number  is  not  very  large 
at  present.  It  is  what  many  breeders 
are  looking  forward  to,  I  am  confident. 
I  hear  it  mentioned  occasionally.  Be¬ 
sides  this  there  are  in  most  neighbor¬ 
hoods  one  or  two  farmers  who  are 
either  owners  of  purebred  herds,  or  are 
striving  to  become  such  owners.  These 
men  are  found  to  be  more  numerous 
than  they  were  a  few  years  ago.  While 
farmers  are  not  getting  their  proper 
share  of  the  money  paid  by  consumers, 
they  are  still  more  prosperous  than  for 
many  years.  This  enables  them  to  pur¬ 
chase  such  things  as  they  especially  de¬ 
sire  to  a  much  greater  extent  than  was 
their  custom  in  earlier  days.  Some  of 
them  are  thus  encouraged  to  purchase 
purebred  stock.  It  does  not  seem  to  be 
clear  to  the  average  dairyman  that  pure¬ 
bred  cows  under  ordinary  farm  condi¬ 
tions  are  materially  better  producers  of 
milk  or  butter  than  are  good  grades 
procured  by  the  use  of  a  well-selected 
sire.  For  strictly  dairy  purposes  the 
general  opinion  seems  to  be  that  grades 
of  the  right  stamp  are  as  profitable,  are 
less  costly  to  procure,  and  their  loss,  in 
case  of  accident,  is  less  severely  felt 
than  in  the  case  of  purebred  cows.  If 
this  view  is  correct  it  is  of  small  use 
to  purchase  purebred  cows  unless  one 
expects  to  sell  the  offspring  at  advanced 
prices.  At  present  this  may  be  done, 
seemingly,  with  considerable  profit.  If 
the  opinion  of  many  breeders  is  cor¬ 
rect  that  the  next  10  years  are  to  see 
purebred  cattle  quite  as  high-priced  as 
they  have  ever  been,  then  this  may  be 
a  good  time  to  embark  in  the  business. 
There  have  been  a  number  of  auction 
sales  of  purebred  stock  this  Fall,  the 
increase  in  number  being  due,  I  pre¬ 
sume,  to  the  scarcity  and  high  price  of 
feeds.  Unfortunately  some  of  the  ani¬ 
mals  offered  have  been  of  somewhat 
inferior  quality  and  in  poor  flesh.  The 
inferior  grade  of  some  of  these  offers 
has  doubtless  caused  a  decline  in  the 
price  of  the  better  animals  in  the  same 
sale.  For  all  that  it  is  often  noticed 
that  when  a  thoroughly  good  individual 
is  offered  the  price  at  which  she  is  sold 
may  be  very  satisfactory.  h.  h.  l. 

BIG  CATTLE  AND  BIG  HORSES. 

While  the  agriculturist  may  be  able  to 
farm  for  pleasure  and  make  the  profit,  if 
there  is  any,  a  secondary  consideration,  the 
real  farmer  must  reverse  this  order  and 
have  profit  come  first,  and  then  get  what 
pleasure  he  can  out  of  working  14  hours 
per  day  to  get  it.  This  part  of  the  State 
is  devoted  principally  to  dairying  in  vari¬ 
ous  forms.  Some  milk  is  sent  to  Buffalo, 
some  separated  and  cream  shipped,  while 
quite  a  large  part  is  made  into  cheese  at 
our  home  factories.  Most  of  the  bull  calves 
are  vealed,  and  the  best  heifer  calves  raised 
for  cows.  Under  these  circumstances,  in 
common  with  most  dairymen,  we  find  the 
Holstein  cow  best  fills  the  bill.  Her  bull 
calves  make  large,  growthy  veals  at  four 
to  six  weeks  old,  and  the  heifer  calves  do 
well  on  skim-milk,  and  make  big,  fine  cows 
at  24  to  30  months  old.  They  are  hearty 
feeders  and  heavy,  persistent  milkers,  kind 
and  gentle  to  handle,  with  udder  and  teats 
large  enough  so  they  can  readily  be  found 
in  the  dark  if  your  lantern  goes  out  before 
you  are  quite  done  milking.  Centuries  of 
careful,  intelligent  breeding  by  the  most 
patient  of  farmers  have  so  fixed  the  deep 
milking  trait  in  them  that  we  think  a 
greater  improvement  is  shown  when  they 
are  crossed  with  our  common  cows  than 
has  resulted  from  using  any  other  breed. 


The  first  cross  is  a  great  improvement  on 
the  common  stock,  and  the  second  and  third 
-■  cross  are  Holsteins  for  all  practical  dairy 
purposes. 

Since  the  advent  of  the  manure  spreader, 
sulky  plow,  hay  loader  and  other  heavy 
labor-saving  machinery  on  our  Eastern 
farms,  the  demand  for  heavier  horses  is 
far  beyond  the  supply.  Thu  cities  take  all 
the  big  drafters  at  prices  that  put  them 
beyond  the  reach  of  most  farmers.  If  many 
of  our  Western  New  Cork  farmers  would 
cull  out  and  sell  one-tl.ird  of  their  dairy 
and  use  only  good  brood  mares,  as  they  do 
in  France,  to  do  most  of  their  farm  work, 
they  would  soon  find  themselves  much  bet¬ 
ter  off.  For  many  years  and  for  just  cause 
it  seems  to  us  the  Percheron  has  been  the 
most  popular  draft  horse  in  the  United 
States;  quick  to  mature,  active  and  power¬ 
ful,  with  a  kind  disposition,  there  is  pleas¬ 
ure  in  handling  and  profit  in  raising  them, 
and  in  stock  breeding  as  in  other  walks  in 
life  it  is  easier  and  more  pleasant  to  go 
with  tlie  crowd  if  they  are  going  your  way 

While  a  majority  of  the  farmers  of  the 
Middle  West  and  quite  a  large  per  cent  of 
those  in  the  Eastern  States  are  agreed  that 
the  I’ercheron  is  the  farmer’s  horse,  there 
are  a  few  who  object  that  they  are  too  big, 
too  slow  on  the  road,  can't  work  well  on 
soft  ground,  and  are  awkward  and  clumsy 
to  handle,  none  of  which  is  true  of  them 
as  a  class.  These  are  faults  of  the  indi¬ 
vidual,  not  of  the  breed.  You  will  find 
just  as  many  awkwaed,  slow,  tumble- 
down  horses  among  the  small  horses  as 
you  do  among  the  big  ones,  only  it  is  not 
noticed  so  much.  Some  men  grudgingly 
admit  that  the  I’ercheron  will  do  very  well 
on  a  farm  if  you  have  a  yoke  of  oxen  to 
do  your  running  around  with,  but  then  they 
never  owned  one  in  their  lifes. 

This  Fall  we  hitched  a  yearling  and  a 
two-year-old  stallion  together,  weighing 
1,200  and  1.600  pounds  respectively,  to  a 
light  wagon  with  two  men  and  a  week’s 
feed  in  it,  and  drove  to  the  Hamburg  Fair, 
25  miles,  in  six  hours,  and  they  were  in 
good  enough  shape  so  that  they  both  took 
first  premium  the  second  day  after.  It  is 
the  same  everywhere.  Look  at  the  draft 
horses  at  any  of  the  large  fairs,  and  you 
will  see  the  ribbons  are  tied  on  the  ton 
kind,  with  all  the  snap,  vim  and  action  of 
horses  of  half  their  size.  Where  large  and 
small  horses  are  used  together  on  soft 
plowed  land  you  can  plainly  see  that  the 
big  horse  with  the  big  foot  does  not  sink 
in  any  deeper  than  the  small  horse  with 
the  small  foot.  A  great  deal  of  the  preju¬ 
dice  against  big  horses  has  been  caused  by 
the  slabsided,  overgrown,  ungainly  misfits 
of  no  particular  breeding  that  have  been 
used  in  the  cities  as  long  as  they  could  do 
any  work  there,  and  then  sold  to  sbme 
farmer.  They  are  no  more  like  a  real 
draft  horse  than  a  wheelbarrow  ia  like  an 
automobile. 

I  doubt  if  there  is  any  stock  on  a  farm 
that  pays  as  large  a  premium  on  the  in¬ 
vestment  as  a  good  pair  of  I’ercheron 
brood  mares,  either  grade  or  purebred. 
Their  colts  develop  very  young  if  well  fed. 
We  hp.ve  been  working  a  pair  of  registered 
stallions  this  Summer  that  were  only  two 
years  old  last  Spring.  We  used  them  half 
a  day  at  a  time,  at  first  on  plow  and 
harrow,  but  after  a  little  they  put  in  a  full 
day  at  whatever  there  was  to  do,  while 
grade  colts  of  their  age  and  older  were 
running  in  the  pasture.  Some  men  think 
it  is  wrong  to  work  a  two-year-old  colt,  but 
they  would  make  a  boy  turn  grindstone  till 
his  suspender  buttons  flew  ofif  and  wonder 
what  made  him  tired.  A  colt  is  like  a 
boy ;  if  he  is  not  worked  more  than  he  ia 
able  to  do,  he  is  far  better  off  to  do  soma 
regular  work  than  to  l  e  idle. 

Cattaraugus  Co.,  N,  Y.  h.  f.  jones. 


GREAT 

ANNUAL 

AUTUMN 

SALE! 


fifll 


TO  BE  HELD  AT  THE  NOTED 

SHARON  VALLEY  STOCK  FARM,  Newark,  Ohio 
On  Friday  and  Saturday,  Dec.  8th  and  9th,  1911 

inn  Belgian,  Percheron  &  German  nfl 
I UU  Coach  Stallions  and  Mares  lUU 

Mares  have  all  been  bred,  both  Belgian  and  Per¬ 
cheron,  to  the  very  best  stallions  of  the  land.  A 
large  per  cent  of  these  mares  have  been  carefully 
mated,  and  anyone  lucky  enough  to  get  a  pair  of 
them  has  a  fortune  in  his  hand  if  properly  taken 
care  of.  These  mares  run  in  age  2  and  3  years  old, 
colors — bays,  blacks,  greys  and  chestnuts,  weighing 
from  1 500  to  1800  lbs.  each. 

It  is  to  the  interest  of  every  prosperous  man  to 
attend  this  sale.  Bad  weather  makes  no  interfer¬ 
ence,  as  the  sale  is  held  in  the  barn.  SIXTY  head 
of  these  mares  will  arrive  just  four  days  before 
this  sale.  Terms  will  be  known  on  day  of  sale. 
Send  6  cents  and  get  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

The  Sharon  Valley  Stock  Farm  is  so  well  and 
favorably  known  for  good  stallions  and  mares, 
with  fair  dealings,  that  any  further  comments  are 
useless  to  say  to  the  people. 

Free  conveyances  to  and  from  the  farm. 

Do  not  fail  to  come  and  bring  your  friends. 

COL.  GEO.  W.  CRAWFORD 
Proprietor  of  Sharon  Valley  Stock  Farm,  NEWARK,  OHIO 
F.  W.  ANDREWS,  Auctioneer. 

Both  Phones— Citizens  1252;  Bell  651  W. 

Having  Just  Arrived  from  the  New 
York  State  Fair  with  a  Hot  of 

PREMIUM  HORSES 

We  are  now  ready  for  business  at  prices  never 
heard  of  before.  We  have  both  Imported  and 
Home-Bred  Registered 

PERCHERONS  ONLY 

Prices— $350  to  $750  on  Mares,  according 
to  age,  weight  and  size. 
Stallions  from  $500  to  $3,000. 

These  prices  include  the  Great  Stallion  NOGEN- 
TAIS,  winning  first  with  three  of  his  get:  also  the 
5-year-old  Stallion  1IOUBE,  winning  the  4-year-old 
and  over  class  witli  14  animals  in  the  ring. 

We  have  on  hand  in  all  about  SIXTY  HEAD 
Don  t  wait  to  write— come  and  see  us  at  once.  No 
peaches  and  cream,  but  plenty  of  plums,  and  plumb 
good  ones. 

D.  J.  GRINDE-LL.  Kenton.  Ohio 


Write  for  Free  Booklet 

How  tl  Raise  Catoes  Cheaply  and  Successfully  Without  Milk" 

Contains  full  information  and  complete  feeding  directions  for  using 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal — The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute 

Three  or  four  calves  can  be  raised  on  it  at  the  cost  of  one  where  milk  is  fed. 

No  mill  feed  The  only  calf  meal  manufactured  in  an  exclusive  Calf  Meal  Factory 
Established  at  Leicester,  England,  in  180IL 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory,  -  -  Waukegan,  Illinois 


Purebred  Registered 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

Herbert  A.  Hopper,  Illinois  College  of  Agriculture, 
reports  this  instance: 

A  few  years  ago  the  owner  of  a  herd  of  grade  Short¬ 
horns  decided  he  was  losing  money  and  began  to  grade 
up  his  herd  with  a  purebred  Holstein-Friesian  hull. 
With  tiie  third  generation  of  cows,  his  most  profitable 
one  gave  a  return  of  $135.51  for  the  year.  Ten  others  gave 
an  average  return  of  $119.39.  From  the  whole  herd  the 
average  return  was  $100  per  cow.  Does  it  pay  ? 

Send  for  Free  Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets. 
They  contain  valuable  information  for  any  Dairy¬ 
man. 

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN  ASS’N,  F.  L.  HOUGHTON,  Secy,  Box  105,  Brattleboro,  Vt. 


CATTXiE  | 


If 

Young 


IVf  HAVE  A  FEW... 

BULLS  FOR  SALE 

THAT  ARE  READY  FOR  SERVICE. 

THEY  ARE  FROM  ADVANCED  REGISTRY 
DAMS,  AND  BY  ONE  OF  THE  BEST  SIRES 
OF  THE  HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN  BREED. 
WE  ARE  SHORT  OF  ROOM  AND  WILL 
MAKE  PRICES  ON  THESE  FELLOWS 
THAT  WILL  SURELY  MOVE  THEM. 

Write  for  Pedigrees  and  Prices. 

WOODCREST  FARM 

RIFTOIY,  IM.  Y. 


READY  FOR  SERVICE 

DE  KOL  4tii,  registered  show  Holstein,  born 
Dec.  5,  1910.  Nearly  all  white.  Prize  winner  at 
Fall  Fairs.  Price,  $100  f.  o.  b.  Send  for  pedigree. 
CLOVEKDALE  FARM,  Charlotte;  N.  Y. 

i*' ‘"“-HOLSTEINS 


dale  Herd  of 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
_ A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somerville  N.  J. 

MEADOW  BROOK  GUERNSEYS 

Several  Bull  Calves  from  one  to  nine  mouths  old, 
from  dams  and  sires  that  are  prize  winners  and 
large  producers.  If  you  want  quality  and  quantity 
write  us  for  full  particulars.  Address  SUPT., 
Meadow  Brook  Farm,  Bernardsville,  N.  J. 

SIX  GUERNSEY  BULL  CALVES 

Prices,  Quality  and  Breeding  RIGHT. 

W.  A.  ALEXANDER,  Union  Springs,  N.  Y, 

FLORHAM  GUERNSEYS.... 

Several  Yearling  Bulls  for  sale  at  very  moderate 
prices.  Pedigrees  and  photographs  furnished. 

J.  I..  HOPE  Madison,  New  Jersey 


“  U  A  L  I  T  Y  ” 

FOR  SALE-THREE  HIGH  BRED  YOUNG  JERSEY  BULLS,  ALL 
OUT  OF  REGISTER  OF  MERIT  COWS 

Dam  of  No.  1,  8128.3  lbs.  milk  in  280  days, 

testing  527  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 
Dam  of  No.  2,  11265.3  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

testing  701  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 
Dam  of  No.  3,  12840.6  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

testing  803  lbs.  8  oz.  butter 
We  also  have  a  nice  bunch  of  bred  heifers  due  to  calve 
this  Fall  and  early  Winter.  Write  for  description 
ami  prices,  or  better  yet  come  and  see  them,  visitors 
always  welcome.  E.W.  Mosher, "Brightside,"  Aurora,  N.Y. 

Cnrnl/Q  Q4nn|/  Fa  mi- Registered  Jersey  Bulls 
Llll  Glia  OIULA  r  a  I  III  and  Heifers,  6  monthsto  2 
years  old.  Chester  White,  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  Pups  and  a  variety 
of  poultry.  Send  two-cent  stamp  for  circular. 

EDWARD  WALTER,  West  Chester,  Pa. 

IAITRFI  FARM  Breeds  the  cattle 

BraU  Ixf-iL  r /AIXIVA  that  most  eco¬ 
nomically  turn  farm  produce  into  money — 
JERSEYS,  and  the  swine-  that  do  the  same 
thing— BERKSHIRES.  Which  do  YOU  want? 
J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 

Breed  Up— Not  Dowrf„rrc.“u",S™ 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  U.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  I’a. 

FOR  QAI  F-REGISTEREP  jerseys-oows, 
run  OHLL  HEIFERS  AND  YOUNG  BULLS; 
large  selection;  blue  ribbon  winners:  won  in  butter 
contests.  Come  and  see  them.  Full  particulars  of 

DAVID  WALLACE,  Supt.  Rumsonhill  Farm,  Fairhaven,  N.  J. 

SHELDONCROFT 

J.  T.  RUSSELL,  Prop.  CHAS.  B.  DAYTON,  Supt. 

SILVER  LAKE,  Susq.  Co.,  Pa. 

Pure  Bred  Jersey  Cattle.  Berkshire  Swine. 

Millr  Ppodiirnrc  for  New  York  City  market 
lulln.  lLUllULiClS  desiring  information  how  to 

form  brandies  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning  Otisville,  N.  Y. 


houses 


Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 

at  farmers’  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  1’enna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O, 

FOR  SALE 

ONE  MARE  wKT.flATT  TWO  COLTS 

LEON  SAGE.  Crown  Point,  N.  Y. 


MILCH  GOATS  FineToggenburg  Buck,  4  yrs. 


well  marked:  horned 


large,  vigorous;  tawny  color: 

.  E.  N.  Barrett,  Bedford  Hills,  N.Y. 


O  Gr  S 


pni  I  If  PIIPQ— From  imported  stock.  Females 

UdLLIL  rUlOcheap.  Nelson  Bros.  Grove  City,  Pa. 


IS  "STST  I  3NT  3ES 


0 U p Q  U i  D  C 0 — Both  sex.  All  ages.  The  quality 
uncomnco  herd.  G.  E.  SMITH,  Castile,  N.Y. 


CHELD0N  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex 
**  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding 
C.  K.  BAUNES.  Oxford,  N.  Y. 


CHESHIRES — The  long,  deep-bodied,  white  bacon  hog 

-  prize  winners  at  State  and  county  fair 

Write  your  wants.  E.  K.  MORSE,  Moravia,  N.  Y. 

LARGE  —BROOKFIELD  FARM—  YORKSHIRES 

Pigs  of  June  or  August  farrow,  both  sexes,  from 
the  most  improved  type  and  registered  breeding,  for 
sale  at  $10  each  f.o.b.  Buffalo,  crated  with  registered 
certificate.  W.  Allan  Gardner,  Snyder,  Erie  County,  N.Y. 

I  ARGE  YORKSHIRE  BOAR,  registered:  18  months  old; 
**  a  fine  one;  cheap.  H.  W.  MERRIH,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

UROC  PIGS,  SB.  Growthy,  Pedigreed  Angora  kit¬ 
tens,  $3.50  each.  Sereno  Weeks,  DeGraff,  Ohio. 

nnpnpc  the  big.  deep  fellows 

UUnUUO  til  at  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  limes. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 


D 


AAA  A  AAA 


HAMPSHIRE 


4  WELL  MARKED  PICS  L 

j  CHAS.  STEWART  DAVISON  ► 
]  60  Wall  St.,  New  York  City  \ 

t  »  »  *  »r  »  r  .  .  1- w  w  .  v  >  T  »  t  -y  v  A 


START  RIGHT  CET  A  PA,R 


OF  OUR 


HIGH-BRED  BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

Bred  for  Utility  of  the  Best  Strains. 

Write  for  particulars. 

CHERRY  HILL  FRUIT  FARM,  Toboso,  Licking  Co.,  Ohio 

Mead  ow  Brook  Berkshires 

Grand  Fall  Offering  of  lai-go  and  vigorous  breed¬ 
ers,  both  sexes,  no  akin,  all  ages.  Also  young 
PIGS  in  pairs  and  trios.  This  stock  represents 
English  and  American  best  strain.  Prices  model- 
ate.  Quality  guaranteed.  Your  address  will  secure 
full  description  and  prices.  Address  SUPT., 
Meadow  Brook  Farm,  Bernardsville,  N.  J. 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

...  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES,  ,  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.Y 


Large  Berkshires  at  Highwood 

Regular  Fall  offering  of  Service  Boars  and 
of  young  Pigs  in  pairs  and  trios,  not  akin. 

H.  C.  &  H.  B.  Harpentlintr,  Dundee,  N.  Y. 

FASHIONABLY  BRED  BERKSHIRES 

A  few  Spring  and  Summer  PIGS  for  sale  at  rea¬ 
sonable  prices.  Dlt.  J.  R.  ALLEN,  Orwell,  N.  Y. 


Reg.  P.  Chinas,  Berkshires,  C.  Whites. 


prices  &  circular 


7  - - y  —  -  . . 

Fine,  large  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 
Pups,  Beagles  ami  Poultry  .  Write  for 
ars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Ercildoun  Pa. 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.^1;', 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  toser- 
vice  of  Watson’s  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON,  Pioprietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


SHEEP 


9A  Registered  Shropshire  EWES  for  sale.  Also 
yearling  RAMS.  H.  B.  Covert,  Lodi,  N.  Y. 

FOR  SALE — Choice  pure-bred  Rams— Shropshires, 
Hampshires  and  Southdowns  (yearlings  &  lambs) 
at  prices  in  accordance  to  the  times.  Correspond¬ 
ence  invited.  C.  0.  Pattridge,  Cold  Spring  Farm.  Perry,  N.Y. 

IF  YOU  WANT 

SHROPSHIRE  orSOUTHDOWN  SHEEP 

of  tiie  best  breeding  and  quality,  write  the 
NIAGARA  STOCK  FARM,  J.  C,  Duncan,  Mgr.. 
Lewiston,  N.  Y. 

I4IPHI  ANTY  EAPM  Offers  some  choice 
nllinLAINLI  rAKM  Shropshires— yearlings 
and  lambs  of  either  sex.  Bred  for  type  and 
quality.  W.  F.  BLACK,  Hall,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  MBW-Y01*I*.;b;E2. 


1X03 


Brighter  Days  in  Washington. 

As  I  sat  in  the  Senate  gallery  the  day 
of  last  August  when  the  reciprocity  bill  was 
on  its  passage,  and  I  looked  into  the  faces 
of  nearly  every  Senator  now  in  Congress,  I 
could  not  help  thinking  of  the  wonderful 
change  in  six  short  years.  Then  Senator 
LaFollette  was  the  only  Progressive  in  that 
body.  lie  was  looked  on  as  a  freak  and 
made  the  butt  of  ridicule.  When  I  sat  in 
the  Senate  gallery  last  August  the  Progres¬ 
sives  had  increased  to  30  with  a  few  near- 
Progressives.  By  Progressives  I  do  not 
mean  Insurgent  Bepublicans.  There  are 
Progressives  in  both  parties  and  they  are 
able  to  ignore  party  lines.  There  are  Re¬ 
actionaries  in  both  parties  and  they  also 
ignore  party  lines  at  times,  as  they  did  fre¬ 
quently  in  the  late  special  session. 

Who  are  the  Progressives  and  where  do 
they  come  from,  and  why  are  they  increased 
in  number  so  soon  ?  For  nearly  40  years 
the  Senate  has  been  a  millionaires’  club.  It 
is  not  true  to-day.  Why? 

Who  are  the  Progressives  in  the  Senate? 
Let  me  name  them  :  LaFollette,  of  Wiscon¬ 
sin.  Cummins  and  Kenyon  of  Iowa,  Clapp  of 
Minnesota.  Bristow  of  Kansas,  Gore  and 
Owen  of  Oklahoma,  Culberson  of  Texas, 
Works  of  California,  Bourne  and  Chamber- 
lain  of  Oregon,  Kern  and  Shively  of  Indiana, 
Pomerene  of  Ohio,  Poindexter  of  Washing¬ 
ton,  Newlands  of  Nevada.  Borah  of  Idaho, 
Gronna  of  North  Dakota.  Crawford  of  South 
Dakota,  Brown  and  Hitchcock  of  Nebraska, 
Dixon  and  Meyers  of  Montana,  Clark  and 
Davis  of  Arkansas,  Lee  of  Tennessee,  Smith 
of  'South  Carolina.  Martino  of  New  Jersey, 
Townsend  of  Michigan,  and  Reed  of  Mis¬ 
souri.  (Add  Gardner  of  Maine. — Eds.) 

Twenty-three  States  are  represented  by 
those  30  Progressives,  and  they  come  prin¬ 
cipally  from  the  West  and  Central  West.  It 
will  be  noted  that  each  of  the  16  States 
sending  one  Progressive  has  also  a  Reaction¬ 
ary  Senator.  In  nearly  all  these  States  Pro¬ 
gressives  will  in  all  probability  replace  the 
Reactionaries  at  the  next  election  of  a  Sena¬ 
tor.  Why  is  this  probable?  Because  nearly 
all  of  these  States  have  the  primary  in  some 
form.  That  is  why  so  soon  have  the  Pro¬ 
gressives  increased  from  one  to  30.  That 
is  why  there  will  soon  be  other  Progressives 
replacing  the  Reactionaries  in  those  States. 
The  people  are  Progressive,  and  when  they 
get  the  means  of  recording  their  will  their 
Senators  will  be  of  the  Progressive  stamp. 
The  primary,  with  its  related  ideas  of  gov¬ 
ernment.  the  initiative,  referendum  and  re¬ 
call,  spells  Progress.  These  measures  are 
not  party  measures.  They  are  found  in 
States  controlled  by  either  partv.  In  fact 
they  do  away  largely  with  party"  which  is  a 
thing  for  which  we  should  he  grateful.  Prin- 
<  iples  should  govern,  not  parties,  and  princi¬ 
ples  will  govern  when  the  people  have  their 
will  carried  out  in  legislation.  This  wave 
of  Progressive  ideas  is  sweeping  over  the 
fountry  from  the  West,  and  will  reach  the 
Atlantic  befdre  we  are  aware  of  it. 

The  House  is  already  Progressive.  With 
the  Senate  Progressive  the  Federal  courts 
'vill  soon  be  made  to  conform  to  the  new 
ideas.  There  is  a  strong  probability  that 
the  next  President  will  be  a  Progressive. 
The  movement  is  so  strong  in  both  parties 
that  it  will  be  almost  impossible  to  elect 
another  reactionary  President.  With  a  Pro¬ 
gressive  President  and  a  Progressive  Con¬ 
gress  the  courts  would  soon  be  changed  in 
composition  that  would  represent  the  public 
opinion  of  progress. 

This  change  of  the  Senate  has  been  com¬ 
plemented  by  a  similar  change  in  the  State 
governments.  There  are  many  strong  Pro¬ 
gressive  governors,  especially  in  the  same 
23  States.  Among  them  are  Wilson  of  New 
Jersey,  Stubbs  of  Kansas,  Osborne  of  Michi¬ 
gan.  Johnson  of  California,  McGovern  of 
Wisconsin.  These  States  are  placing  laws 
on  the  statute  books  that  look  to  the  rights 
of  the  people.  Property  has  rights,  but 
these  rights  should  not  stand  above  the 
rights  of  men  to  life  and  liberty,  and  the 
pursuit  of  happiness.  It  has  been  too  long 
held  that  property  rights  were  above  human 
rights.  “Equal  rights  to  all  and  special 
privileges  to  none”  is  the  correct  view,  and 
will  more  and  more  govern  now  that  the 
people  have  found  a  way  to  voice  their  opin¬ 
ions  and  have  those  opinions  represented. 
Misrepresentatives  have  too  long  controlled 
our  legislatures  both  State  and  nation.  A 
brighter  day  is  dawning,  in  which  this  will 
more  nearly  approximate  the  idea  of  a  gov¬ 
ernment  of  the  people,  by  the  people,  and 
for  the  people.  f.  n.  c. 

AILING  ANIMALS. 

Indigestion. 

Why  should  my  mule  act  as  he  does?  He 
eats  15  quarts  of  oats  a  day,  also  good 
Timothy  hay,  is  salted  once  a  week,  and  is 
fat,  but  has  a  heavy  coat  of  hair.  He 
starts  out  in  morning  quite  brisk,  but  after 
working  30  minutes  he  is  wet  with  sweat 
and  pants  like  a  dog,  sometimes  drops  down 
in  harness  and  stretches  out  and  groans. 
Does  not  roll.  Collar  fits  perfectly.  He 
cannot  stand  as  much  work  as  an  18-year- 
old  mare.  M.  e.  j. 

New  York. 

Have  the  mule  clipped  at  once,  and  that 
may  prove  sufficient  to  relieve  him  of  the 
trouble  described.  Cut  the  grain  ration  in 
half  and  add  one-fifth  part  of  wheat  bran 
to  the  oats  fed.  Allow  free  access  to  rock 
salt;  otherwise  allow  a  little  salt  daily. 
Give  the  drinking  water  before  feeding. 
Do  not  feed  any  bulky  food  at  noon  when 
the  mule  has  to  work.  Have  the  stable  per¬ 
fectly  ventilated. 

Swelling 

I  have  an  old  horse  in  first  class  condi¬ 
tion,  apparently,  good  appetite,  runs  in 
pasture  quite  some  and  feels  good,  but 
lately  one  of  his  hind  legs  has  swollen  up 
over  night  and  goes  down  after  some  use ; 
did  not  seem  to  bother  him  until  one  day 
last  week,  when  he  went  quite  lame.  Re¬ 
cently  it  swelled  up  double  its  normal  size 
and  he  was  very  lame.  Can  you  suggest  the 
trouble  and  remedy,  if  any?  a.  r.  n. 

New  Y’ork. 

Possibly  the  horse  is  interfering  and 
causing  the  swelling  and  lameness ;  but  it 
would  be  well  to  make  sure  that  he  is  free 
from  farcy.  That  disease  is  indicated  by 
button-like  nodes  on  the  swollen  part  and 
they  break,  discharge  and  leave  ulcers 
when  they  tardily  heal.  It  is  the  skin  form 
of  glanders,  and  an  affected  horse  has  to 
be  destroyed  according  to  State  law.  It 
may  be  that  the  swelling  is  simple  stocking 
of  the  leg  due  to  indigestion  and  poor  cir¬ 


culation.  For  that  brisk  hand-rubbing  of 
the  part  followed  by  swathing  with  cotton 
batting  and  application  of  a  bandage  usu¬ 
ally  proves  beneficial. 

Weak  Udder;  Weight  of  Milk. 

1.  Will  camphor  or  saltpeter  be  injurious 
to  a  milking  cow,  used  in  bathing  her 
udder  to  strengthen  the  muscles,  as  they 
have  dropped  dowu  in  one  quarter?  2. 
What  will  milk  weigh  to  the  quart? 

C.  V.  G. 

1.  Camphor  tends  to  dry  off  milk  flow; 
saltpeter  would  be  useless  for  the  purpose 
mentioned.  Bathe  with  a  combination  of 
two  parts  alcohol  and  four  parts  extract  of 
witch  hazel,  and  if  necessary  put  on  a 
suspensory  bandage  to  relieve  drag  of  ud¬ 
der.  2.  Roughly  calculated,  a  quart  weighs 
about  two  pounds. 

Weak  Stifle. 

We  have  an  eight-months-old  colt  that 
slipped  his  stifle  out  of  place  when  small. 
Instead  of  weakness  getting  better  it  gets 
worse,  if  anything.  I  do  not  think  it  slips 
out ;  at  least  we  have  not  seen  it  do  so 
except  the  first  time.  Have  you  any  sug¬ 
gestion  for  helping  it?  w.  g. 

New  Jersey. 


In  such  cases  the  patella  of  stifle  tends 
to  slip  out  and  in  as  the  colt  walks.  Clip 
off  the  hair  and  rub  tbe  region  of  the  stifle 
joint  with  a  liniment  composed  of  one 
ounce  each  of  turpenine  and  aqua  am¬ 
monia,  four  ounces  of  druggists’  soap  lini¬ 
ment*  and  water  to  make  one  pint.  Shake 
before  using.  Do  not  severely  blister  the 
skin. 


•And  You 
Keep  This 
Great  Engine 

We  will  ship  you  Schmidt’s  Chilled  Cylinder 
Gasoline  Engine  on  your  simple  request  with¬ 
out  an  order  or  any  promise  from  you.  You  use 
tlie  engine  10  whole  days — use  it  all  you  want. 
I  hen  it  you  don’t  want  it  send  it  back  at  our 
expense.  If  you  do  wish  to  keep  it,  pay  us 
only  $7.50  and  you  can  pay  the  rest  In 
tho  easiest  monthly  payments^  r 
Wo  send  you  the  engine  free,  to  prove  to  you  that  It 
is  the  greatest  air  cooled  3  horse  power  engine  on  earth. 
We  want  you  to  see  for  yourself  that  it  is  better  than  any 
other  engine  that  costs  twice  and  three  times  as  much  — 
the  only  engine  that  has  the  powerful  chilled  cylinder. 

Ten  DaysTrial  FREE 

This  is  the  first  genuine  free  trial  ever  offered  on  gasoline 
engines  for  farm  and  shop  use.  We  want  you  to  see  that 
women  and  children  can  run  this  engine.  Use  the  engine 
to  run  the  pumps  and  any  other  machinery  you  may  have. 
Schmidt’s  Chilled  Cylinder  Gasoline  Engine  is  absolutely 
guaranteed  for  five  years  in  every  piece  and  part. 
The  biggest  bank  in  Iowa  backs  our  Sl.eoOchallangeoffer. 

Send  For  FREE  Catalogs 

Write  to  us  promptly  for  particulars  and  we  will  send  you 
a  copy  of  our  new  book.  "How  to  Use  Powei,*-’  free 
and  postpaid*  Write  to  us  today. 

Schmidt  Bros-  Co.  Engine  Works 

DEPARTMENT  4298_ DAVENPORT,  IOWA 


New  Wheels 

lor  the  Old  Wagon 

Letus  fit  your  old  wagon  with  “Electric” 
steel  wheels  and  make  it  strong  and 
good  as  new.  Another  wagon  life 
and  a  real  handy  icagon  just  by 
buying  wheels.  Broad  tires,  never 
any  resetting,  no  drying  apart,  rat¬ 
tling  or  coming  loose.  Free  book  gives 
particulars  and  shows  how  it  pays  big 
to  fit  up  old  wagons  with  the  long-life 
Electric  Steel  Wheels.  Write  for  copy. 
ELECTRIC  WHEEL  CO.,  BOX  48  OUINCT,  ILL. 


/  Electric 


f 

I 


Beats  Them  All 

For  SERVICE 

Here’s  the  engine  that  will  make  the  most 
money  for  you,  because  it  does  more  work, 
costs  less  to  run,  and  costs  less  for  repairs 
than  any  other  outlit  you  could  buy.  Let 
us  prove  it  to  you  before  you  decide  on 
any  engine.  Write  at  once  for  the 

LEFFEL  Steam 

Engine  Book— Free.  Tells  just  what 
you  want  to  know  about  power 
outfits  of  every  kind.  Don’t  make 
a  mistake  in  buyingan  engine.Buy 
right  iho  Jirat  time.  Write  for  our  freo  boob 
now.  Address 

JAMES  LEFFEL 
&  COMPANY 
Box  201 
Springfield,  0« 


BOOK 

FREE 


M1DDLEDITCH  Kerosene 


ENGINES 


Operate  perfectly  on  common 
coal  oil,  gasoline,  distillate, 
alcohol  or  any  similar  liquid 
fuel.  Our  catalog  explains 
why  this  is  safest,  simplest, 
most  economical  and  prac¬ 
tical  power. 

Genuine  Free  Trial 

If  it  doesn’t  satisfy  you  in 
every  way  the  trial  costs 
nothing.  Don’t  invest  in  any 
engine  until  you  get  our 
proposition.  W rite  for  it  no w 

THE  MIDOLEDITCH  ENGINE  CO. 

29  Mildrum  A»e.,  Detroit,  Mich 


This  is  the  experience  of  N.  P.  Hansen, 
a  native  of  Denmark,  who  went  to  Fresno 
County,  California  an  emigrant. 

One  lives  in  California,  life  is  so  pleasant  out  there. 
When  you  have  made  up  your  mind  to  sell  your  farm 
in  the  East  and  go  to  Southern  California  and  buy  a  small  piece  of  ground, 
so  that  you  may  live  in  luxury  and  enjoy  life  while  working  your  farm,  travel  on  the 
Los  Angeles  Limited  over  the 

Chicago  &  Northwestern  K0) 


Union  Pacific 


Electric  Block  Signals. 


Excellent  Dining  Caro. 


Salt  Lake  Route 

If  you  want  information  on  California  write 
GERRIT  FORT,  Pass.  Traffic  Mgr.  Union  Pacific  R.  R.,  1426  Dodge  Street,  Omaha,  Neb. 


COOK  YOUR  FEED  and  SAVE 
Half  the  Cost— with  the 

PROFIT  FARM  BOILER 


With  Dumping  Caldron.  Empties 
its  kettlein  one  minute.  Thesimplest 
and  best  arrangement  for  cooking 
food  for  stock.  Also  make  Dairy  and 
Laundry  Stoves,  Water  and 
Steam  Jacket  Kettles,  Hog 
Scalders,  Caldrons. etc.  C^”Send 
for  particulars  and  ask  for  circular  J 
D.  It.  SPERRY  &  GO-  Batavia.  111. 


WITf  I  drilling 

YV  IvJL/lv  MACHINES 

Over  70  sizes  and  styles,  for  drilling  either  deep  or 
shallow  wells  in  any  kind  or  soil  or  rock.  Mounted  on 
wheels  oron  sills.  With  engines  or  horse  powers.  Strong, 
simple  and  durable.  Any  mechanic  can  operate  them 
easuy.  Send  for  catalog. 

1  WILLIAMS  BROS..  Ithaca.  N.  Y. 


FARM  BOOK  FREE 

Just  issued  by  Vermont’s  Publicity  Bureau, 
Homesoekers’  Guide  to 

Vermont 

Farms 

a  book  of  general  information  about  the 
State’s  Agricultural  resources.  Also  contains 
large  list  of  desirable  farms  for  sale. 

Send  for  it  today.  It  is  Free. 

GUY  W.  BAILEY,  Sec’y  of  State 
Publicity  Department.  Essex  Junction,  Vermont 


Don’t  Let  The 
11  Starve 

YEAR  after  year,  your  crops  take  nitrogen,  phosphoric  acid, 
and  potash  out  of  the  soil.  These  elements  are  absolutely 
necessary  to  the  growth  of  plant  life.  What  are  you  doing 
to  replace  them? 

You  can  keep  your  soil  from  starving  by  spreading  fresh  man¬ 
ure,  evenly,  in  proper  quantities.  Manure,  spread  in  this  way, 
puts  back  into  the  soil  the  very  elements  the  crops  have  taken 
out.  To  spread  manure  evenly,  you  must  use  a  manure 
spreader.  When  buying  a  spreader  get  a  good  one. 

I H  C  Manure  Spreaders 

have  proved  their  quality.  Owners  like  I  H  C  Spreaders  be¬ 
cause  of  their  simplicity,  strength,  durability,  and  light  draft. 
The  superiority  of  these  machines  is  due  to  the  following 
constructive  features: 

The  method  of  transmitting  power  from  the  wheels  to  the 
beater  is  simple  and  direct.  There  are  no  unnecessary 
parts  to  wear.  The  beater  is  larger  in  diameter  and  the 
teeth  are  long,  square,  and  chisel-pointed.  By  using  this 
style  of  tooth,  the  manure  is  thoroughly  pulverized  and 
is  thrown  out  before  it  wedges  against  the  bars.  This 
reduces  the  draft. 

The  apron  is  supported  by  steel  rollers  and  the  slats  are 
placed  close  together,  so  that  manure  does  not  sift  be¬ 
tween.  The  steel  wheels  have  ample  strength  to  carry 
many  times  the  weight  they  will  ever  be  called  upon  to 
bear.  The  rims  are  flanged  inwardly  to  prevent 
cutting  ated  rutting  of  meadows  and 
accumulation  of  trash. 


Iv 


Corn  King  Cloverleaf 
Kemp  20th  Century 

are  machines  that  will  merit  your 
heartiest  approval.  I  H  C  manure  spread¬ 
ers  are  made  in  three  styles  and  many 
sizes,  for  field,  orchard,  and  vineyard. 
Get  complete  catalogues  and  all  infor¬ 
mation  from  the  I  H  C  local  dealer, 
or,  if  you  prefer,  write  direct. 

International  Harvester  Company 
of  America 

Chicago  (Incorporated)  USA 


1HC 

Service  Bureau 

The  Bureau  is  a 
center  where  the  best 
ways  of  doing'  things 
on  the  farm,  and  data 
relating  to  its  devel¬ 
opment  are  collected 
and  distributed  free 
to  every  one  Inter¬ 
ested  In  agriculture. 
Every  available 
source  of  informa¬ 
tion  will  be  used  in 
answering  questions 
on  all  farm  subjects. 
If  the  questions  are 
sent  to  the  I H  C  Serv¬ 
ice  Bureau,  Chicago, 
they  will  receive 
prompt  attention. 


imiin  i 


i 


1104 


RURAL  NKW-YORKER 


November  11 


The  Henyard. 


History  of  Leghorn  Pullets. 

On  page  378  of  this  year’s  R.  N.-Y.  Mr. 
Don  E.  Smith  of  Pennsylvania  gave  the 
record  of  87  White  Leghorn  pullets.  They 
laid  16,072  eggs  in  the  year,  which,  count¬ 
ing  deaths,  meant  an  average  of  201  eggs 
per  hen.  Shortly  after  this  publication  the 
following  questions  came.  Mr.  Smith  an¬ 
swered  them. 

“Will  you  have  Mr.  Don  E.  Smith  tell 
how  lie  handled  and  fed  those  87  pullets 
from  shell  until  maturity,  giving  a  minute 
detailed  description  stating  kinds  and  quan¬ 
tity  of  feed  and  how  fed ;  in  fact  all  the 
little  as  well  as  the  larger  items?” 

E.  w.  P. 

I  find  from  my  record  of  1000  that  the 
incubator  was  set  March  15.  which  would 
bring  the  hatch  about  April  4  instead  of 
14.  as  stated  in  the  article  before  men¬ 
tioned.  These  chicks  (about  200)  were 
placed  as  soon  as  the  hatch  was  completed, 
in  three  brooders  of  my  own  construction, 
and  were  given  nothing  for  one  day  except 
coarse,  clean  sand,  crushed  egg  shells,  char¬ 
coal.  and  oyster  shell.  This  was  mixed  and 
scattered  plentifully  in  one  corner  of  the 
brooder.  They  had  water  from  the  first  in 
inverted  tin-can  fountains. 

As  to  the  brooders,  they  are  heated  by 
a  drum  over  the  back  of  the  chicks,  and 
have  forced  ventilation  of  warm,  fresh  air 
under  the  hover,  so  long  as  the  lamp  is 
burning.  Hovers  are  one  foot  wide,  and 
extend  across  the  brooder  near  the  back 
end.  Spaces  on  each  side  of  hover  are 
covered  with  burlap  frames.  We  keep  tem¬ 
perature  at  about  103  degrees  at  first.  This 
is  under  the  hover.  Thicks  can  move  out 
if  they  get  too  warm.  There  is  no  hot 
corner  for  them  to  pack  into  and  sweat. 
We  aim  to  give  plenty  of  heat  under  the 
hover  and  have  good  results,  but  chicks 
can  always  poke  their  heads  out  into  a 
temperature  nearly  normal,  just  as  they 
can  with  the  mother.  Thus  they  were 
brooded.  They  occupied  four  brooders  after 
two  weeks.  The  brooders  were  placed  in 
open-front  scratch  pens,  and  the  chicks 
were  down  on  the  floor  in  a  week,  where  the 
feed  boxes  and  drinking  fountains  were 
then  placed.  We  threw  in  a  small  load  of 
sand  for  the  floor,  and  did  not  make*  any 
further  provision  for  grit.  Charcoal  and 
shells  were  within  reach  nearly  all  the 
time.  On  the  second  day,  they  were  fed  the 
following  mixture  :  Rran  two  parts  by  meas¬ 
ure  ;  meal,  two  parts  :  brown  middlings,  one 
part;  Alfalfa  meal,  one  part.  To  this  was 
added  about  two  tablespoonfuls  of  sifted 
beef  scrap  and  a  small  quantity  of  rolled 
oats,  and  the  whole  was  moistened  with 
buttermilk  just  barely  enough  so  it  could 
be  pressed  into  a  ball.  It  was  then  placed 
in  the  oven  long  enough  to  insure  a  good 
boiling  heat  for  every  particle.  Excepting 
sour  milk  and  buttermilk,  we  never  feed 
chicks  anything  until  it  has  undergone  a 
scalding  to  kill  any  ferments.  After  they 
are  older  they  can  stand  a  certain  amount 
of  sour  or  moldy  food  perhaps,  but  with 
little  chicks  we  take  no  chances.  They  re¬ 
ceive  all  they  want  of  this  food  from  the 
first.  For  six  weeks  wo  feed  this  feed  with 
what  curd  and  buttermilk  we  can  afford. 

When  chicks  were  about  two  weeks  old. 
my  little  boys  sometimes  gave  them  angle- 
worms.  following  me  in  my  plowing  until 
they  had  a  “whole  lot”  of  them  in  a  can. 
It  was  great  fun  to  see  those  white  little 
Innocents  transferred  into  a  bloodthirsty 
mob  at  sight  of  a  wriggling  mass  of  worms. 
Fortunately  we  could  not  view  the  game 
from  the  standpoint  of  the  worms.  The 
chicks  began  to  run  out  at  about  this  time. 
On  May  18  we  separated  the  cockerels,  plac¬ 
ing  them  in  a  scratch-pen,  and  feeding  them 
the  above  feed.  Wo  increased  the  meal  to 
four  parts.  On  .Tune  7  we  sold  them  at 
1%  pounds.  After  separating,  the  pullets 
were  fed  on  grains;  cracked  corn,  wheat, 
and  buckwheat.  We  had  to  buy  all  grain 
and  sometimes  could  not  obtain  what  we 
wanted  ;  so  the  proportions  varied.  The 
pullets  had  the  run  of  the  garden  and  fields 
but  were  never  hungry.  On  about  August 
25.  the  first  egg  was  laid. 

After  placing  in  Winter  quarters  (about 
October  1)  they  were  fed  in  deep  straw 
litter,  about  one  handful  for  every  two 
hens  of  wheat,  oats,  and  buckwheat,  equal 
parts,  in  the  morning  and  about  one  hand¬ 
ful  per  head  at  night.  They  sometimes  got 
a  little  corn.  The  straw  in  scratch  pens 
was  a  foot  deep  or  more  when  new.  The 
hens  soon  work  it  up  fine,  and  then  it  is 
not  so  deep.  They  had  alwavs  before  them 
after  one  month  the  dry  mash  then  used 
at  the  New  York  station:  meal,  two  parts; 
middlings,  two  parts;  beef  scrap,  two  parts; 
bran,  one  part;  Alfalfa  meal,  one  part. 
Two  factors,  not  alwavs  easv  to  provide, 
contributed  to  a  thrifty  condition.  1.  Thev 
were  the  only  poultry  on  the  place,  hence 
could  enjoy  a  range  not  possible  where 
older  fowls  were  present.  2.  They  were  ab¬ 
solutely  clear  of  mites  or  lice.  Otherwise 
their  care  and  feed  was  such  as  poultrymen 
usually  give.  Certainly  no  better. 

DON  E.  SMITH. 


Henhouse  Queries. 

What  size  house  would  it  be  necessary  to 
build  to  house  100  chickens  (Rhode  Isiand 
Reds)?  Will  a  cement  floor  be  all  right? 
What  is  the  best  way  to  ventilate,  and 
proper  form  of  roof?  G.  B.  M. 

New  York. 

I  would  advise  that  you  do  not  put  more 
than  20  birds  in  one  pen.  Each  pen  should 
be  at  least  10  by  20  feet,  unless  you  in¬ 
tend  to  give  the  birds  free  range,  when  10 
by  10  feet  would  answer.  If  a  yard  was  to 
bo  kept  a  house  20  by  50  would  he  none 
too  small  for  the  100  birds,  although  you 
might  succeed  with  a  small  space.  Much 
depends  on  the  amount  of  time  to  be  given 
to  the  business. 

A  cement  floor  well  covered  with  litter  is 
ideal.  .•  I  am  strongly  in  favor  of  open 
fronts  for  ventilation,  and  with  this  kind 
of  a  house  a  single  slant  roof  is  best. 

_  c.  H.  s. 


Roup. 

I  have  some  hens  here  with  a  disease 
with  the  following  symptoms :  At  first  a 
slight  swelling  forms  below  the  eye,  with 
watery  eye  and  pus-like  discharge  from 
the  nose  on  the  affected  side.  As  the  dis¬ 
ease  progresses  an  abscess  forms  under  the 


eye  and  on  that  side  of  tne  head  which 
has  a  pale  appearance.  Chickens  seem 
healthy  otherwise,  but  disease  seems  to  me 
to  be  contagious,  as  I  had  so  far  four  hens 
since  Summer.  In  some  it  is  worse  than 
others.  I  think  it  is  some  catarrhal  affec¬ 
tion,  but  the  abscess  always  puzzles  me. 

R.  D.  H. 

Your  birds  are  suffering  with  roup  in  an 
advanced  stage.  The  best  remedy  is  the 
hatchet,  but  if  the  disease  has  not  pro¬ 
gressed  too  far,  results  may  be  obtained 
from  this  :  Remove  all  afflicted  birds  to  a 
warm,  dry  place,  and  wash  head  with  hy¬ 
drogen  peroxide.  Give  each  bird  one-halT 
teaspoon  of  Epsom  salts  in  a  mash  and 
keep  the  drinking  water  a  bright  red  with 
potassium  permanganate.  All  of  these  may 
be  secured  from  any  druggist.  C.  h.  s. 


Dishorning  a  Rooster. 

I  have  a  rooster  whose  spurs  have  be¬ 
come  so  long  and  sharp  that  he  literally 
“spikes”  everything  with  which  he  comes 
in  contact.  He  is  a  purebred  Buff  Or¬ 
pington.  and  I  do  not  wish  to  kill  him.  Is 
there  any  way  of  removing  these  spurs? 
I  thought  perhaps  there  might  be  some 
instrument  similar  to  a  dishorning  knife 
for  this  purpose.  H.  l.  ii. 

We  should  take  a  fine  meat  saw  and 
“despur”  him  by  cutting  off  quite  close  to 
the  leg.  _ 


Breeding  Pullets  or  Baby  Chicks? 

We  have  350  Single  Comb  White  Leghorn 
pullets  and  no  hens.  Would  you  think  it 
advisable  to  select  the  best  of  these  for 
breeders  for  next  Spring,  or  would  it  be  bet¬ 
ter  to  buy  day-old  chicks  as  we  did  last 
Spring?  s.  C. 

Long  Island. 

Your  question  is  not  very  clear  as  to  your 
object,  but  if  the  strain  you  have  is  a  good 
one  I  would  by  all  means  breed  my  own 
chicks  another  year,  as  one  can  certainly 
hatch  chicks  from  his  own  eggs  with  any 
first  class  machine  cheaper  than  they  can 
be  bought.  However,  I  would  advise  that 
you  purchase  cockerels  elsewhere  so  as  not 
to  inbreed.  .  c.  h.  s. 

If  the  stock  is  satisfactory  I  would  by  all 
means  prefer  to  select  fi  >m  present  stock. 
In  my  experience  the  past  reason  92  percent 
of  eggs  set  produced  fine  broilers  in  10 
weeks,  while  neighbors  who  bought  chicks 
lost  from  20  to  50  per  cent  of  the  chicks. 
My  stock  is  mixed,  choice  strains.  Plymouth 
Rocks,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  Wyandottes  and 
one  or  two  other  large  breeds. 

ISAAC  R.  THATCHER. 


If  these  pullets  were  hatched  in  April 
or  May  they  should  begin  laying  by  October 
or  November,  and  lay  out  the  first  clutch 
of  eggs  before  any  eggs  would  he  needed  for 
setting.  Usually  the  first  clutch  of  eggs 
laid  by  a^pullet  are  small  and  not  fit  to 
breed  from,  but  the  next  clutch  of  eggs 
will  be  larger,  and  if  the  pullets  are  large 
and  well  developed  and  a  yearling  or  two 
year  old  male  bird  is  mated  to  them  they 
might  do  to  breed  from.  I  prefer,  how¬ 
ever,  for  breeding  stock,  one  to  two-year- 
old  birds,  both  male  and  female,  and  think 
that  the  chicks  will  be  stronger  and  de¬ 
velop  into  more  satisfactory  stock.  The 
breeding  from  immature  birds,  cockerels 
and  pullets,  if  followed  up  for  three  or  four 
years  in  succession,  will  be  sure  to  result 
in  a  general  deterioration  of  Tne  flock,  even 
where  unrelated  males  are  used. 


GEO.  A.  COSGROVE. 


There  is  no  needless  delay 
about  putting  the  horses  up 
for  the  night  and  getting  into 
your  own  comfortable  home 
when  the  work  is  lighted — 
and  lightened— by  a  Rayo 
lantern.  Rayo  lanterns  give 
such  a  strong,  steady  light 
you  can  put  your  hand  on 
what  you  want  in  a  second. 

Rayo  lanterns  are  the  best 
and  brightest  on  the  market. 


Made  in  all  kinds  of  styles 
and  sizes,  to  suit  any  use. 


Finest  material  and 
ship;  most  light  for 
the  oil  consumed* 
will  not  blow  out. 

All  Rayo  lanterns  are 
equipped  with  selected  Rayo 
globes,  clear,  red  or  green, 
as  desired.  Wicks  inserted 
in  burners,  ready  to  light. 

Dealers  everywhere;  or 
write  for  descriptive  circular 
direct  to  any  agency  of  the 


workman- 


Standard  Oil  Company 

(Incorporated) 


BARRED  ROCKSSrS 

breeding  COCKERELS  for  $2.50  each.  C.  H; 
JENNINGS,  Freehold,  N.  J.,  care  Hedge’s  Farm. 


Sherwin-Williams 

Paints  6-Varnishes 


FOR  THE  FARM 


Use  Sherwin-Williams  Roof  and  Bridge 
Paint  for  painting  bridges,  structural  iron 
work,  metal  and  tin  roofs,  barns,  rough 
lumber,  etc.  It  is  durable,  covers  well  and 
works  freely  under  the  brush.  Sold  by 
dealers  everywhere.  Ask  for  color  cards. 

Address  all  inquiries  to  The  Sherwin-Williams  Co s,  fi25Canal  Road,  N.  W.,  Cleveland,  Ohio 


THICK,  SWOLLEN  GLANDS 

that  make  a  horse  Wheeze, 

Koar,  have  Thick  Wind  or 
Choke-down,  can  be  re¬ 
moved  with 


/IBS  orbine 


also  any  Bunch  or  Swelling.  No 
blister,  no  hair  gone,  and 
horse  kept  at  work.  $2  per  bot¬ 
tle,  delivered.  Kook  3  E  free. 

AlJSORUINE,  JR.,  liniment  for  mankind. 
Reduces  Goitre,  Tumors,  Wens,  Painful,  Knotted 
Varicose  Veins,  Ulcers.  $1.00  and  $2.00  a  bottle  at 
dealers  or  delivered.  Book  with  testimonials  free. 

W.F.Y0UNG.  P.D.F.,  88  Temple  St.,  Sprlngfieid.Mass, 


Heaves 

Cured 


NEWTON’S  REMEDY  —  21  years’  sale 

removes  the  cause.  Prevents  and  cures  Indigestion, 
Coughs,  Distempers.  Death  to  Heaves.  Removes  intestinal 
worms  and  is  an  excellent  conditioner.  Standard 
remedy  for  21  years.  Guaranteed  for  Heaves.  At  dealers’ 
or  direct,  prepaid  $1  a  can.  Book  explains  fully,  free. 
THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO..  Toledo,  Ohio 


HELP  YOUR  HORSES 


Don’t  stand  by  and  see  them  suffer.  Give 
them  the  very  best  car©  and  uso  th©  never-failing 

Quinn’s  Ointment 

t  brings  quick,  permanent  cur©.  It  is  the  most  effective 
'“remedy  you  can  buy  for  removing  curbs,  splints,  windpuffs, 
thoroughpin,  swelling  of  throat  and  glands.  A  positive  cure. 
Price  1 1  a  bottle.  Used  30  years.  At  all  good  druggists  or  by  mail. 

W.  B.  Eddy  &  Co.,  Box  W  Whitehall,  N.  Y. 


MINERAL 
HEAVE 
REMEDY 


NEGLECT 
MIIRuin\ 
fourHorse 

send  today  for 
only 

»  E  R  M  A  N  E  N  T  i 


SAFE 

CERTAIN 


$3  PACKAGE 

will  cure  any  case  or 
money  refunded. 

$1  PACKAGE 

cures  ordinary  cases. 
Postpaid  on  receipt  of  price.  J 
Age  nts  Wanted 

Write  for  descriptive 
booklet 


iineral  Heave  Remedy  Co. ,461  Fourth  Avenue.P'ttsburg, Pa. 


Sprains,  \ 
Ringbone,  Shoe  Boil,! 
Capped  Hocks,  Thoropin,  Ab-! 
normal  Growths,  Spavin,  Curb  and  other 
I  lameness,  cost  farmers  many  thousands  of 
dollars  every  year.  Save  your  horses  and  money 

X  ADAMS’  REMOV-ALL 

Sold  on  money  back  guarantee.  Leaves  noscaror 
white  hairs — acts  quick— cures  quick.  Get  our 

VALUABLE  BOOK  FREE  , 

[  Home  treatment  for  call  colic,  horse  colic,  and 
othe  •  ailments  of  farm  animals  without  calling  in 
I  vete.inary— All  Free.  Write  postal  now. 

'  II-C. Adams Mfg. Co.  Dept.  SO,  Algona,Ia. 


CHURNS 

We  handle  every 
kind  on  the  market. 
Our  prices  cannot  be 
beaten.  Write  for 
Churn  Catalog. 

WISNER  MFG.  CO. 

230  GREENWICH  STREET 
NEW  YORK  CITY 


MAKE  HENS  LAY 

By  feeding  raw  bone.  Its  egg-producing  value  is  four 
times  that  of  grain.  Eggs  more  fertile,  chicks  moro 
vigorous,  broilers  earlier,  fowls  heavier 
prollts  larger. 

MANN’S  L&§tl  Bone  Cutter 

Cuts  all  bone  with  adhering  meat  and 
gristle.  Never  clogs.  10  Days’  Fro.  Trial. 

No  money  in  advance. 

Send  Today  for  Free  Book. 

F.  W.  Mann  Co.,  Box  15,  Milford,  Mass. 

I'Mr’fTD  A  TI/YM— Our  hot  water  custom  hatch- 
ill  L.UDFY  1  IVZil  jug  plant  was  so  successful 
last  season  that  we  have  doubled  our  capacity, 
which  is  now  over  200,000  eggs.  Last  year  we  had 
to  turn  away  over  1,000  eggs  a  day  for  a  period  of  4 
months,  as  our  Incubator  was  full.  Over  80  per 
cent  of  our  last  year’s  customers  have  already  en¬ 
gaged  space  in  our  Incubator  for  the  coming  sea¬ 
son.  Don’t  be  among  the  disappointed— engage 
your  space  now.  Our  Incubator  starts  on  Jan.  2d. 
Write  for  prices  and  information  any  way. 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM 
Millerton,  _ New  York 

MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  flue  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1814 

R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 


Keeps 
Water 
Pure 


More  than  half  yonr  poultry  troubles  are  caused 
by  not  properly  protecting  their  drinking  water 
from  the  contamination  of  the  chickens  them¬ 
selves.  You  can  end  all  your  water  troubles  by 
equipping  your  poultry  yards  with 

Moe’s  Top-Fill 
Drinking  Fountain 

It  always  supplies  just  enough  puro  water— 
won’t  slop  over — dead  air  space  keeps  water  COOL 
IN  SUMMER.  WARM  IN  WINTER.  Simplo  in 
construction— just  remove  cover  and  fill  from  top- 
water  ceases  to  flow  when  cover  is  removed— no 
valves  to  got  out  of  order.  One  gallon  capacity. 

If  not  at  your  dealers,  sent  direct  on  receipt  of 
price,  $1.25,  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

I  OTIS  &  MOE,  540  S.  Dearborn  St.,  Chicago 


Every  Rotten  Post 

that  must  be  replaced  entails  an  expense  greater  than 
setting  a  new  line  of  posts.  The  cost  of  replacing  is  post 
plus  labor  and  expense  incidental  to  a  disturbance  of  the 
balance  of  the  fence.  This  can  I1K  PREVENTED  through 
the  proper  treatment  of  hints  of  po>t8>with  Avcmuiua 
Cnrboli iieum.  Painting  3-foot  butts  two  coats  cost  no 
more  than  2  cents  for  each.  Circular  58  tells  all  about 
the  proper  preservative  treatment  of  posts,  it’s  free 
for  the  asking.  Write. 

CARBOLINEUM  WOOD  PRESERVING  CO. 

18  1  Franklin  Street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

POULTRY  SEED  CO/? TV 

Specially  small  for  poultry.  Best  of  its  kind.  No 
grinding  or  cracking  necessary.  Only  small 

iV.'lViV ?er  busliel-  maple  glen 

POULTRY  FARM.  Millerton,  N.  Y. 

THE  FARMER’S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
■  htyersonearDi  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1.  Richland,  n!  Y. 

Hone’s  Rose  Comb  Reds  and  Large,  vigorous  util  - 

Mammoth  Bronze  TURKEYS  bJds.bredft-ombest 
selected  layers;  also  choice  yearling  breeders  at 
reasonable  prices,  quality  considered.  Aii  birds 
shipped  on  approval. 

D.  R.  HONE,  Crescent  Hill  Farm,  Sharon  Sprinos,  N.  Y. 

Rose  Comb  Reds— Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  May  return  at  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory,  Sinclair  Smith,  602  Fifth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Ofl  *<;(;s  $1.00— Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul 
ZU  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  I jirgo  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  K.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 

Snow  White  Wyandottes 

lay.  Circular  free.  Goldenrod  Farm  Stewartstown,  Pa. 


BARRED  ROCKS 


WHITE  ROCKS. 
PARTRIDGE  WYAN- 
DOTTES,  PARTRIDGE  COCHINS.  Wo  have  a 
fine  lot  of  youngsters.  Prize-winning  strain. 

MINCH  KUOS.,  Route  «,  Itrldgeton,  N.  J. 

LIGHT  BRAHMAS,  White  and  Barred  Rocks— Young  and 
yearling  birds,  all  fine  and  purebred.  Low  prices 
for  fall  sides.  J.  A.  Roberts,  Malvern,  Pa. 

POD  OAI  C—  Show  and  Utility  Stock  White  Hol- 
I  Ufi  OH. LL  land  Mammoth  Black  and  Narrn- 
gansett  Turkeys.  African  White  Embden  Toulouse 
and  Buff  Geese.  W.  W.  Wilson,  S.  7th  St.,  Zanesville,  0. 


Crystal  White  Orpingtons  §5IrAFnteTedN 

Write  RAY  SCHERMERH0RN,  Box  B,  South  Hammond,  N.Y. 

1(1(1  WHITE  LEGHORN  YEARLINGS  and  50  PULLETS.- 

I  UU  25  White  Orpingtons;  20  Rhode  Island  Reds. 
Few  cocks  and  cockerels  from  above  strains. 

E.  G.  TUCKER,  Philadelphia,  Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y. 

STERLING  STRAIN  S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS  are  heavy 
layers  of  large,  white  eggs.  Special  sale  for 
Noveinbei — Cockerels,  $i  and  $2;  May  hatched 
pullets,  $1.25.  W.  Sterling  &  Son,  Cutchogue,  N.Y. 

KEAN’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTES 

Extra  fine  Cockerels  ready  for  service,  $2.00  each. 
Pullets,  $2.00  each.  Guaranteed  to  satisfy  the  most 
fastidious.  Also  Choice  Indian  Kunner  Drakes, 
$2.00  each.  E.  FRANKLIN  KEAN,  Stanley,  N.Y. 

rnnn  Single-Combed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 
nil II II  Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks. 

Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 
right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  best  selections.  Largest  success, 
ful  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  and  Cock¬ 
erels:  any  quantity  at  attractive  prices;  bred-to-lay 
kind.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM.  Fleminuton,  N.  J. 

OULLETS  AND  YEARLING  HENS,  W.  &  B. 

*  Leghorns,  W.  Wyandottes,  from  80  cents  each 
up.  Write  for  just  what  you  want.  MAPLE 
COVE  POULTRY  YARDS,  R.  24,  Athens,  Pa. 

PDIII  TRYMFM-I>on't  fail  to  secure  Stock  and 
rUULI  11  I  WILII  Eggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS,  Marietta,  Pa. 


1911 


THE  RURAE  NEW-YORKER 


1106 


MILK 

The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  .$1.91 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  four  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  20-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


Cattle,  milch  cows,  are  selling  from  $40 
to  $00 ;  hay  $20  a  ton.  Buckwheat  $1.50 
per  100 ;  oats  55  cents  per  bushel.  Milk 
is  selling  at  3%  cents  per  quart  at  milk 
station  at  Erin.  We  have  a  cooperative 
creamery  at  Breesport,  and  pay  the  patrons 
the  highest  market  quotations  for  butter, 
less  three  cents  per  pound  for  making  and 
selling.  The  price  was  about  26  cents  net 
for  the  month  of  September.  Potatoes  are 
selling  from  60  cents  to  80  cents  per 
bushel.  Young  stock  and  old  cows  are 
selling  cheap,  as  fodder  and  grain  are  so 
high.  F.  w.  C. 

Breesport,  N.  Y. 


Prices  paid  for  milk  here,  $1.40  per  100; 
average  price  per  year,  3  cents  per  quart. 
Auction  prices  for  live  stock,  October  17: 
Fresh  cows.  $50  to  $75 ;  yearlings,  $27 ; 
strippers,  $25  to  $40 :  horses.  $50  to  $200. 
May,  $10  to  $15  per  ton;  silage,  $3  to  $5 
per  ton.  Market  prices  for  veal  calves, 
seven  cents  per  pound ;  live  weight,  bulls, 
three' cents  per  pound;  poultry,  10  cents 
per  pound.  Hogs,  six  cents  per  pound. 
Oats,  50  cents  per  bushel;  corn.  $1.50  per 
ion:  potatoes,  60  cents  per  bushel;  cab¬ 
bage,  $10  per  ton ;  apples,  60  cents  per 
bushel ;  gluten,  $33  per  ton  ;  molasses  feed, 
$25  to  $30  per  ton  ;  buckwheat,  $1.30  per 
100  ;  manure,  $1  per  load.  H.  L.  H. 

Do  Buy  ter,  N.  Yr. 


We  get  for  milk  this  month,  October, 
$2  per  hundred  for  4.50  per  cent  milk,  and 
3  cents  added  for  each  point  till  five  per 
cent,  making  $2.15  per  hundred  for  five 
pm*  cent  milk.  November  $2.05,  Decem¬ 
ber  $2.  January  $2,  and  February  $1.90. 
This  for  flat  price ;  add  15  cents  for  each 
hundred  for  five  per  cent  milk.  We  sell 
to  Sheffield  Farms  Slawson-Deekcr  Co., 
New  York  City.  Stock  is  very  low  this 
Fall.  Spring  cows  are  selling  from  $15 
to  $25  each,  and  Fall  cows  and  due  to 
freshen  soon  at  about  $40.  Hay  is  sold 
from  $14  to  $20  per  ton.  $14  for  loose  hay 
and  $20  for  baled  hay.  Silage  and  manure 
are  seldom  sold  in  this  section ;  at  least 
I  never  saw  any  sold.  j.  d. 

South  Kortright,  N.  Y. 


Cold  Water  First. — It  is  quite  a  com¬ 
mon  practice  in  washing  milk  utensils  to 
start  with  hot  water.  This  is  not  the  best 
method.  In  boiling  milk  a  skin  forms  on 
it.  The  hot  water  likewise  hardens  this 
on  to  the  sides  of  the  milk  vessel,  making 
it  hard  to  remove.  The  better  way  is  to 
first  rinse  the  utensil  in  cold  water,  and  it 
should  be  rinsed  as  soon  as  it  is  emptied 
of  milk,  or  else  the  milk  will  dry 'and  then 
rinsing  will  not  so  thoroughly  remove  it. — 
N.  D.  Agrl.  College. 


More  About  Borden  Milk  Prices. 

I  was  somewhat  amused  while  reading 
the  article  on  page  1061  entitled  “Borden 
Prices  and  Dairying,”  and  am  much  more 
alarmed  about  the  real  situation  than  that 
some  might  get  an  “erroneous  impression” 
from  your  previous  editorial.  I  think 
there  is  more  danger  of  II.  C.  M.  giving 
an  “erroneous  impression”  to  those  not  fa¬ 
miliar  with  the  facts.  The  clipping  sent 
you  was  written  by  a  resident  of  a  neigh¬ 
boring  town  where  a  Borden  plant  is  lo¬ 
cated.  Neither  this  plant  nor  the  town 
is  situated  in  Otsego  Co.  The  writer  was 
justly  loyal  to  his  home  town,  and  no 
doubt  stated  things  correctly.  But  it  is 
some  of  the  statements  made  by  II.  C.  M. 
to  which  I  wish  to  refer.  First  he  says 
by  way  of  apology  for  the  Borden’s  reduc¬ 
tion  of  12  cents  that  the  butter  value  of 
milk  is  about  40  cents  less  than  last 
year,  while  the  fact  is  that  previous  to 
making  their  contract  for  six  months  from 
September  15  they  had  the  knowledge  that 
the  market  had  recovered  from  the  slump 
in  early  Spring,  for  in  August  butter  fat 
brought  within  15  cents  per  hundred  pounds 
of  milk  at  test  of  4%%  of  one  year  ago, 
and  September  within  five  cents.  These 
facts  are  proven  by  the  prices  the  fann¬ 
ers  received  who  patronize  the  plant  which 
I  imagine  H.  C.  M.  referred  to,  and  is 
alarmed  about  its  continuing  in  operation. 

He  gives  the  Bordens  credit  for  increase 
in  farm  values  and  improved  farm  build¬ 
ings  in  this  locality.  I  admit  that  farm 
values  have  increased  here  as  well  as  in 
sections  of  the  country  not  yet  acquired  by 
the  Bordens,  and  I  assert  that  nine  out  of 
every  ten  in  this  vicinity  who  have  made 
improvements  of  note  have  made  them  with 
capital  which  they  possessed  before  the 
advent  of  the  Bordens,  or  else  it  has  come 
to  them  from  some  other  source  than  pro¬ 
ducing  milk,  and  so  far  as  farm  values 
doubling  in  10  or  12  years  that  is  simply 
absurd.  I  will  admit  an  increase  of  from 
10  to  20%,  and  do  not  attribute  this  or 
the  price  of  potatoes  or  apples  or  stock 
to  the  Bordens.  Middlemen,  and  especially 
those  having  a  monopoly,  are  not  caught 
raising  the  price  on  the  articles  upon  which 
they  speculate  farther  than  conditions  com¬ 
pel.  If  my  friend  will  get  the  late  report 
of  our  Secretary  of  Agriculture  lie  will 
find  that  only  one-third  of  the  population 
of  the  country  is  engaged  in  agriculture, 
while  a  very  few  years  ago  two-thirds 
were  engaged  in  that  pursuit.  With  two- 
thirds  of  the  population  buying  instead 
of  producing  I  imagine  prices  would  na¬ 
turally  advance,  and  it  seems  to  me  the 
farmer  is  entitled  to  at  least  a  small  part 
of  the  advance.  Your  writer  says :  “We 
are  getting  from  50  to  100%  more  for 
milk  than  ever  before,”  but  says  nothing 
about  the  cost  of  labor,  living,  grain,  etc. 
Surely  I  don’t  know  where  he  could  have 
marketed  his  milk.  Perhaps  he  has  im¬ 
proved  his  method  of  production.  There 
lias  been  no  time  in  25  years,  even-  in 
1885,  when  doubling  the  price  would  not 
top  the  Borden  prices.  The  cooperative 
plant  referred  to  has  paid  some  months 
more  than  the  Bordens,  and  for  the  first 
Six  months  of  operation  averaged  better. 
Tfty>  prices  are  comparatively  better  during 
the  Stemimer  months,  when  the  flow  of  milk 
is  large  ^and  cost  of  production  least.  Many 
°f  our  fajnners  make  no  extra  effort  to 
run  two  dafS^es  (one  for  Winter  and  one 
for  Summer),  Nlmt  figure  as  much  as  possi¬ 
ble  to  make  theY  farm  produce  what  milk 
they  sell,  and  prefer  to  patronize  our 


creamery  atlier  than  put  in  ice,  spend 
the  time  to  cool,  and  otherwise  meet  the  re¬ 
quirements  of  the  Bordens.  I  have  no 
prejudice  against  the  Bordens,  but  on  the 
other  hand  I  favor  competition  as  a  small 
help  in  our  present  condition.  Let  my 
friend  keep  in  mind  that  a  farmer  can 
make  nothing  on  low  prices,  but  if  he  ever 
makes  anything  it  will  be  during  a  period 
of  high  prices,  and  I  see  no  excuse  for  his 
working  for  nothing  during  low  prices  and 
then  feeling  sorry  for  the  speculator  and 
giving  him  all  the  cream  during  high  prices. 
I  am  with  the  editor  of  The  It.  N.-Y.  ; 
keep  on  educating  the  people,  and  public 
opinion  will  force  the  trusts  and  monopo¬ 
lies  to  loosen  their  grip  e.  v.  f. 


September  15th  on  a  Dairy  Farm. 

The  morning  of  September  15  found 
Hunt  Farm  folks  out  of  bed  by  five  o’clock, 
our  usual  hour  except  during  the  very  busy 
time.  We  aim  to  be  at  the  barn  by  that 
time  and  then  through  the  Winter  we 
even  things  up  by  staying  a  little  longer 
in  the  morning.  We  were  expecting  silo 
fillers  and  thrashers.  We  plan  to  do  both 
of  these  jobs  at  the  same  t-ime ;  while  it 
makes  rather  a  long  trip  for  The  good  wife, 
she  would  rather  have  it  so  and  then  be 
through  with  it  for  a  year.  Five  o’clock 
found  the  writer  starting  the  kitchen  fire 
and  5.15  in  the  cow  barn  milking  the 

Jerseys.  Spencer,  our  son,  and  the  only 
one  of  o»r  three  boys  who  has  decided  that 
the  farm  is  good  enough  for  him,  spent  tht; 
hour  until  six  caring  for  the  horses,  after 
which  the  milk  was  separated  and  at  6.30 
we  were  at  the  table.  Forty-five  minutes 
was  there  spent,  and  then  the  pigs,  chick¬ 
ens  and  calves  were  fed.  Half  past  seven 
found  Spencer  at  the  door  with  his  horse 
and  carriage,  ready  to  hunt  up  the  silo 

men  and  a  little  extra  help.  Just  as  he 
was  starting  the  telephone  rang  and  a 

call  from  Fuller  Brothers,  breeders  c^f 

registered  Holstein  cattle,  asking  if  Mr. 
Hunt  could  come  right  over  to  take  some 
photographs  of  some  young  calves  that 
they  had  advertised  for  sale.  As  my 
camera  is  always  ready  for  any  emergency, 
with  the  fastest  plates  made  for  use  with 
live  stock  and  slow  isochromatic  for  land¬ 
scape  views,  I  was  in  the  carriage  and  on 
the  way  in  less  than  live  minutes  after  the 
call  came.  This  calf  has  since  sold  for 
$300,  Breeders  of  scrubs  sit  up  and  take 
notice.  Spencer  found  that  the  silo  men 
would  be  at  Hunt  Farm  by  the  18th,  and 
he  hustled  home  and  11  o’clock  found  him 
with  the  three  horses  hitched  to  the  corn 
binder  and  the  writer  in  tne  darn,  room 
developing  the  pictures  taken  of  the  live 
stock. 

At  12  we  were  all  ready  for  dinner. 
Spencer  spent  the  afternoon  cutting  corn 
while  the  writer  spent  an  hour  takiug  a 
picture  of  a  neighbor’s  field  that  was  com¬ 
pletely  given  over  tc-  weeds.  Two  hours 
were  spent  in  putting  salt  on  the  weed 
Linaria  vulgaris,  or  as  it  is  commonly 
called,  butter-and-eggs.  This  weed  has  a 
good  start  in  this  town,  hardly  a  farm  that 
is  free  from  it. 

From  four  to  five  was  spent  visiting 
with  my  brother  and  his  wife,  who  are 
on  a  visit  here  for  the  first  time  in  24 
years;  five  o’clock  is  milking  time  and  it 
is  done  on  time  unless  something  unusual 
happens  to  prevent.  Six  found  milking 
done,  milk  separated,  calves  fed,  pigs  also, 
and  we  were  ready  for  supper.  When  I 
asked  the  housekeeper  for  her  report  of  the 
day  she  says,  “Why,  I  cooked  three  good 
meals,  swept  the  floors,  made  the  beds  and 
a  thousand  other  things.”  The  farm  is  a 
busy  place  if  success  is  made,  and  this 
year  has  shown  us  the  advantage  more 
than  ever  before  and  value  of  driving  the 
work  instead  of  having  the  work  drive  us. 
To-day,  October  23,  I  am  taking  a  picture 
of  a  potato  field  that  is  ’way  ahead  of  my 
report  last  year,  and  I  suppose  when  “.T. 
B.  W.”  reads  it  he  will  think  I  am  a  good 
one  to  figure  potato  yields. 

New  York.  Chester  i.  hunt. 


ReduceThat  Feed  Bill 

Increase  your  milk  supply  at  the 
same  time  by  feeding  Dried  Brewers 
Grains  and  Malt  Sprouts.  Send  for 
our  valuable  descriptive  booklet  on 
Points  for  Stock  Feeders. 

Farmers  Feed  Co., 

76th  St.,  East  River,  New  Yerk  City 


SKUNK 


M.  J.  Jewett  Jb  Sons, 


We  buy  Skunk,  Mink, Musk¬ 
rat  and  all  other  raw  furs  at 
highest  market  prices,  and 
give  liberal  assortments  and 
“A  square  deal”  to  everyone, 
i  Price-list  free. 
Redwood,  Ji.  Y„  Dept.  29 


RAW  FURS  WANTED 

■—  Highest  Prices — Liberal  Assortment 

QUICK  CASH  PAYMENTS 

Why  not  become  one  of  our  satisfied  shippers? 
Write  for  Price  List  and  Deferences 
Write  To-day — Write  Now 

SUSKIND  &  LEVY 

Dept-  A  49  East  9th  Street  New  York  City 


The  Rural 
Telephone  Brings  the 
Whole  Country  Together 

FOR  PROTECTION,  it  places  you 
in  instant  communication  with  your 
neighbors  when  help  is  needed. 

FOR  BUSINESS,  it  enables  you  to  place 
your  market  before  trucking  your  produce. 
FOR  PLEASURE,  it  solves  the  problem  of 
rural  isolation  and  brings  your  friends,  far  and 
near,  within  sound  of  your  voice. 

BUT  BE  SURE  YOUR  TELEPHONE  IS  A 

Western  <£hctric 


TRADE  MARK 


Rural  Telephone 

They  have  proved  best  in  the  severest  kind  of  service— they  are  always 
in  working  order.  When  making  arrangements  for  telephone  service, 
insist  on  having  only  Western  Electric  telephones. 


'SAVE  TIME  AND  FREIGHT” 


Let  us  send  convincing  literature 
on  Western  Electric  Telephones. 
Simply  fill  out  attached  coupon 
and  mail  to  nearest  house. 

WESTERN  ELECTRIC  COMPANY 

'ItUTOWE  OUR  NEAREST  HOUSE” 

Manufacturers  of  the  6,000,000  "Bell”  Telephones 

New  York 
Buffalo 
Philadelphia 
Boston 
Pittsburg 
Atlanta 

Montreal 

Antwerp  London 


EVERT  BEU  mEPKONHS 


AMmilltUKIUELffMffi 


Chicago  Saint  Louis 

Indianapolis  Kansas  City 

Cincinnati  Denver 

Minneapolis  Dallas 

St.  Paul  Omaha 

Milwaukee  Oklahoma  City 

Toronto  Winnipeg 

Berlin  Paris  Johannesburg 

Address  the  house  nearest  you 

EQUIPMENT  FOR  EVERY  ELECTRICAL  NEED 


San  Francisco 
Oakland 
Los  Angeles 
Seattle 

Salt  Lake  City 
Portland 

Vancouver 
Sydney  Tokyo 


•o 

a 

4) 

U 

n 

a 


«  QO 

3  ^ 

ll 

1 


§  £ 


<n 
00 
<D 

u 


No  Battery 


WHEN  you  buy  the  old  reliable 
Sta-Rite  Gasoline  Engine,  you 
get  absolute  freedom  from  battery 
troubles  and  expense.  Because 
the  Sta-Rite  has  no  batteries. 

Ignition  is  furnished  by  the  mar¬ 
velous  Sta-Rite  Magneto  which 
is  built  right  into  and  is  mechan¬ 
ically  a  part  of  the  cylinder 

No  batteries  to  be  renewed 
and  no  loose  connections  to 
stop  the  engine. 

The  Sta-Rite  Magneto  has  one  wire 
Only  and  throws  a  big  fat  spark  abso 
lutely  regardless  of  speed  of  engine.  And 
you'll  get  the  same  kind  of  spark  in  five 
years  that  you  do  the  first  day  All  the 
Sta-Rite  Engines  (except  the  H4  and  3'/2 
horse  power  sizes)  are  now  equipped  with 
the-  .Sta-Rite  Magneto  ignition  and  yet 
prfcgs  remain  the  same.  Full  particulars 
sent  for  the  asking  If  you  mention  this  pap;* 


THE  Guaranteed 
S 


Farm 


Engine 


Sta-Rite  is  un¬ 
questionably  the  simplest  ^ 
and  strongest  farm  engine  in  ^ 

America  Neat  in  design  and  strictly  high-'^^”  grade  thru- 
out  Always  runs  smoothly  Carries  its  load  without  a  murmur 

Fully  Guaranteed.  Stays  Right,  Year  After  Year 
Because  it  is  Made  Right 


-because  we  positively  will  not  build 
a  cheap  “bargain"  engine 
I.  ,our  dealer  cannot  supply  you, 
write  for  illustrated  folder  show¬ 
ing  the  complete  Sta-Rite  Line. 


Sta-Rite 
Engine  Co. 

La  Crosse,  Wis. 


Arrow  points  to 
Sta-Rite  Magneto 


I  Have  No  Padded  Price  List  to  Send  Y ou— — 

But  I  Will  Give  Y ou  an  Honest  Grading 

A  trial  shipment  of  skins  will  convince  you’ that  you  will  receivo  more  cash  if  you 
quid  vmiD  I7ITOC  Tn  IUIC  than  to  bo  misled  by  some  big  promises  on  prices  and  bo 
— -  *  ■  y  r  UK.  I  LI  1V1L  “stung”  in  tho  grading.  Grade  and  value  your  own  furs 

if  L  can  not  pay  your  pricoor  more,  I  will  return  them  to  you,  express  prepaid.  I  will  hold  your 


shipment  of  furs  separate  subject  to  your  acceptance  of  my  price  offer  if  you  request  it, — or  I  will 
' Jpk  telegraph  valuation  on  consignments  of  $100  and  upwards.  I  prepay  charges  on  all  shipments 
over  $10.  Thousands  of  testimonial  letters  from  trappers  and  26  years'  reputation  for  squaro deal¬ 
ing  insure  you  honest  treatment.  Write  today  for  full  information  and  latest  prices. 

133  Congress  8t.,West,  Detroit-,  Mich. 
105  Church  Street,  Toronto,  Out* 


Milton  M.  Sloman,  Mgr.,  M.  Sloman  &  Co., 


LET  US  TAN 
YOUR  HIDE. 

Cattlo  or  Horse  hide.  Calf,  Dog,  Deer, 
or  any  kind  of  skin  with  hair  or  fur  on. 
Wo  make  them  soft,  light,  odorless, 
wind,  moth  and  water  proof,  and  make 
them  into  coats  (for  men  or  women), 
robes,  rugs  or  gloves  when  so  ordered. 

Your  fur  goods  will  cost  you  less  than 
to  buy  them,  and  be  worth  more.  It 
will  certainly  pay  you  to  look  into  it. 

Our  illustrated  catalog-  gives  a  lot  of 
information.  Tells  how  to  take  off  and 
care  for  hides ;  how  wo  pay  tho  freight 
botli  ways  ;  about  <mr  marvelous  brush 
dyeing  process  which  is  a  tremendous 
advantage  to  the  customer,  especially 
on  horse  hides  and  calf  skins;  about 
the  goods  we -sell,  taxidermy,  etc.,  but 
we  never  send  out  this  valuable  book 
except  upon  request.  If  you  want  a 
copy  send  in  your  correct  address. 

The  Crosby  Frisian  Fur  Company, 
571  Lyell  Ave.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


$1. 


Jor  a  Horse 

Save  a  horse  and  you  won’t 
have  to  buy  one.  Don’t  sell 
or  destroy  any  horse  on 
account  of  Spavin,  Splint, 
Ringbone,  Curb,  Sprains  or 
any  lameness.  Spend  one 
dollar  for  a  bottle  of 

Kendall's  Spavin  Cure 

—the  old  reliable  remedy.  Thousands  have  made  big 
money  buying  “broken  down”  horses,  then  curing 
them  with  Kendall’s.  Thousands  have  saved  big 
money  using  this  safe,  reliable,  economical  cure 
Mr.  (i.  H.  Corbin  of  Kingmont,  W.  Va.,  writes:, 
“Gentlemen: — Have  used  a  great  deal 
of  Kendall’s  Spavin  Cure  and  have  never 
found  anything  equal  to  it.  I  used  itou 
a  mare  which  1  only  paid  fifty  dollars 
for  and  since  I  cured  her  of  the 
Spavin  I  have  refused  to  take  two 
hundred  dollars  for  her.” 

Can  you  call  a  cure  “hopeless”  In 
the  face  of  these  fact3l 
Get  Kendall’B Spavin  Cureat 
any  druggist’s.  Price,  *l  per 
bottle.  6  bottles  for  tfi.00.  “A 
Treatise  on  the  Horse”  free 
at  druggists  or  from 
DR.  B.  I.  KENDALL  CO. 

Knoshurg  Falls,  Vermont,  l).  8.  A. 


m 


m 


-'.'A 


-OAO  V} 


-&V- 


Wnx 


% 


o 


m 


And  Make 

$25  aVveek 

Trapping  this  Fall. 

VICTOR 
TRAPS 

are  sure  to  go  and 
rsure  to  hold.  Every 
genuine  Viet  or  Trap 
is  pierced  with  aV 

Jslsk  your  "Dealer 

Insist  on  tkeV’ 


1106 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 

A  Pennsylvania  farmer  is  in  litiga¬ 
tion  with  a  nurseryman  who,  it  seems, 
sold  stock  of  the  Rochester  Nursery 
Company,  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  over  a 
judgment-  note  which  was  given  in  pay¬ 
ment  of  the  stock.  It  is  alleged  that  the 
agent  represented  himself  as  a  nursery¬ 
man  who  grew  his  own  stock,  and  not 
a  jobber.  He  showed  colored  plates  of 
the  different  plants  and  shrubs,  and  rep¬ 
resented  the  stock  to  be  first  class,  and 
of  superior,  healthy  quality.  The  order 
amounted  to  some  $300,  and  as  an  in¬ 
ducement  for  the  order  the  agent  agreed 
to  send  some  rose  bushes  and  other 
plants  free  of  charge.  While  the  prom¬ 
ises  were  all  made  verbally,  the  farmer 
was  obliged  to  sign  a  definite  contract, 
and  a  judgment  note  in  payment  of  the 
stock.  The  stock,  however,  is  alleged  to 
‘lave  been  inferior  when  received,  and 
some  of  it  not  received  at  all,  and  no 
satisfaction  in  the  way  of  adjustment 
can  be  had  from  the  agent.  The  judg¬ 
ment  note,  of  course,  is  on  record,  and 
consequently  the  farmer  was  obliged  to 
go  to  court  to  ask  an  opening  of  the 
case,  and  a  trial  on  its  merits.  What 
the  result  will  be  is  a  matter  of  future 
record,  but  it  has  already  progressed  far 
enough  to  serve  as  a  suggestion  to  grow¬ 
ers  to  place  orders  only  with  responsible 
houses  and  to  refrain  from  giving 
judgment  notes  in  payment  for  them, 
at  least  not  until  the  delivery  is  made 
and  the  quality  of  the  goods  ascer¬ 
tained. 

H.  H.  Tilley,  proprietor  of  tlic  Dakota 
Hide  &  Fur  Co.,  lias  been  arrested  on  a 
charge  of  using  the  mails  to  defraud.  He  is 
accused  of  converting  goods  to  his  own  use 
which  were  sent  to  him  because  of  an  ad¬ 
vertisement  inserted  in  a  certain  farm 
paper. — St.  Paul  Pioneer  Press. 

The  above  clipping  was  sent  us  with¬ 
out  comment  by  a  friend.  We  have  not 
verified  the  information,  but  it  comes  in 
good  time  to  warn  shippers  of  skins  to 
look  up  the  standing  of  houses  before 
they  make  the  shipments. 

I  shipped  11  boxes  of  oranges  to  John  A. 
Davis  &  Son,  Washington.  I).  C.  They  sent 
me  a  check  for  $10  and  some  cents.  In  the 
meantime  I  shipped  19  more  boxes,  and 
they  sent  bill  of  sale,  and  later  they  wrote 
explaining  delay  in  settlement  was  caused  by 
the  poor  season,  which  had  placed  them  in 
a  tight  place  financially,  but  if  I  would  be 
lenient  and  wait  a  little  longer  settlement 
would  be  made.  The  check  sent  me  for  the 
first  boxes  came  back  protested,  and  I  have 
been  unable  to  get  anything  from  them.  I 
waited,  expecting  to  hear  from  them  ac¬ 
cording  to  their  promise,  But  two  years 
seems  a  long  time  to  wait.  J.  E. 

Florida. 

This  complaint  is  similar  to  others 
we  have  received.  We  were  unable  to 
do  anything  for  other  subscribers 
and  are  unable  to  get  any  adjust¬ 
ment  for  this  subscriber.  Our  at¬ 
torney  reports  he  is  unable  to  collect, 
as  he  is  holding  unsatisfied  judgments 
against  the  firm,  and  is  not  able  to 
handle  any  more  accounts.  They 
claimed  more  than  a  year  ago  they 
would  get  straightened  out  in  a  short 
time  and  pay  whatever  they  owed,  but 
the  accounts  drag  along,  and  we  cannot 
advise  our  people  to  send  them  ship¬ 
ments  under  these  circumstances. 


the  commercial  agencies’  reports.  There 
is  just  one  way  to  beat  such  schemes, 
and  that  way  is  to  leave  them  entirely 
alone. 

In  Philadelphia  last  week  three  officers 
of  the  First  Realty  Corporation  were  ar¬ 
rested  and  held  under  $1,000  bonds  each 
for  alleged  fraudulent  use  of  the  mails  in 
the  sale  of  lots  at  Southampton,  Long  Is¬ 
land.  They  were  J.  Lewis  Armstrong, 
president ;  Frank  Pierce  Donovan,  vice- 
president  ;  and  J.  V.  McDonald,  secretary 
and  treasurer.  In  their  literature  the 
company  claimed  to  own  12,000  lots  at 
Southampton,  valued  at  $200,  but  they 
were  sold  for  much  less.  Five  shelves  full 
of  city  directories  were  found  in  the  offices. 
Postcards-  had  been  mailed  to  thousands  of 
people  living  in  all  parts  of  the  East  and 
South,  except  within  a  radius  of  about  50 
miles  from  New  York.  The  addresses  were 
gotten  from  the  directories. — Dispatch. 

It  is  about  time  the  Long  Island  lot 
schemers  were  brought  to  account.  The 
Government  convicted  two  of  them  last 
year.  Some  time  back  we  looked  up 
these  Southampton  lots,  and  found  that 
real  estate  companies  had  secured  some 
scrub  oak  land  at  about  $3  per  acre,  and 
this  was  being  sold  at  $75  a  lot  and 
upwards.  As  they  figure  12  to  15  lots 
to  the  acre,  you  can  figure  up  the  profit. 
It  is  100  miles  out  from  New  York; 
but  to  read  the  real  estate  circulars  and 
hear  the  agents,  you  would  think  one 
could  work  in  the  city  and  walk  home 
to  lunch. 

About  a  year  ago  I  bought  from  Mr. 
Cashell  of  Derwood,  Md . .  a  fine  Oxford 
Down  buck,  which  my  neighbor  saw,  and 
had  me  order  one  for  him,  which  I  did 
and  enclosed  chock  for  same,  $16.  I  did 
not  hear  from  him  for  a  good  while,  and 
becoming  uneasy,  I  went  to  the  bank  and 
found  he  had  used  the  check.  I  then  wrote 
him.  lie  replied  that  he  had  been  showing 
his  stock  at  the  fair,  which  was  the  cause 
of  not  answering  my  letter,  and  said  if  I 
would  wait  until  the  fairs  were  over  he 
would  send  me  a  lamb  he  was  showing.  I 
wrote  him  I  would  wait.  The  last  of  Oc¬ 
tober,  not  hearing  from  him.  I  wrote  again 
and  he  replied  that  as  soon  as  he  got  rested 
up  he  would  ship  my  sheep.  About  Novem¬ 
ber  G  I  received  from  the  office  a  little 
buck  lamb,  scrawny,  of  no  breeding  and 
worthless  as  a  breeder,  and  not  from  his 
own  flock.  I  was  compelled  to  be  away 
from  home  most  all  of  November  and  ar¬ 
ranged  with  a  neighbor  who  lived  near  the 
depot  to  get  the  lamb  and  take  care  of  it 
for  me.  As  soon  as  I  returned  home  I  re¬ 
turned  the  lamb  to  Mr.  Cashcll  and  he  re¬ 
fused  it.  and  it  was  sold  by  the  railroad 
company.  This  was  a  case  of  sending  the 
money  and  trusting  to  the  honesty  of  the 
seller.  To  the  credit  of 'Tin-;  R.  N.-Y.  I  did 
not  see  the  advertisement  in  your  paper. 
Any  effort  you  make  to  right  the  matter 
will  receive  my  thanks.  v.  r. 

Maryland. 

We  wrote  Mr.  Cashed  six  times  and 
received  no  reply  whatever.  There  is 
nothing  more  to  be  said.  Sixteen  dol¬ 
lars  is  rather  a  low  price  for  a  reputa¬ 
tion  ;  but  we  have  known  reputations 
that  were  worth  no  more. 

“Money  back,  if  you  want  it — But  you 
won’t.” 

The  above  is  the  closing  sentence  of 
an  advertisement  of  Farmers’  Shoe  Co., 
Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  in  some  of  the  farm 
papers  which  guarantee  their  advertis¬ 
ers.  What  do  the  quoted  lines  mean? 
We  suggest  to  farmers  to  find  out  be¬ 
fore  parting  with  the  $3.  One  of  out- 
subscribers  who  parted  with  the  cash 
first  has  not  been  able  to  find  out  what 
the  lines  mean  after  several  months’ 
trial.  She  knows,  however,  that  the 
money  has  not  come  back.  j.  j.  d. 


Last  week  an  agent  came  through  State 
Bridge,  New  York,  and  vicinity,  selling  soap 
for  the  N.  J.  Wells  Mfg.  Co.,  Boston  and 
New  York.  He  said  if  I  took_  a  box  of 
soap  from  him  that  day  for  $3.50  I  would 
get  a  nice  premium.  lie  had  a  photograph 
of  his  premiums.  I  selected  a  china  closet. 
He  said  he  would  deliver  them  on  Wednes¬ 
day  or  Thursday  himself.  It  was  not  all 
soap.  There  was  blueing  powder,  silver 
polish,  perfume,  cold  cream,  and  an  envelope 
containing  silk  paper — two  sheets — for 
laundry  purposes,  and  it  is  nothing  but 
paraffin  paper  and  that  cost  20  cents.  Pretty 
dear  paper.  Well,  Wednesday  and  Thurs¬ 
day  are  past,  and  I  have  not  received  my 
china  closet,  and  since  then  I  have  heard 
that  he  went  through  here  about  five  years 
ago  doing  the  same  thing,  and  nobody  re¬ 
ceived  a  premium.  I  was  so  worked  up 
over  it  I  said  I  was  going  to  advertise 
him,  and  I  am  writing  you  to  ask  if  you 
ever  heard  of  this  firm  and  their  dealings 
before.  He  said  they  were  doing  this  to 
ruin  the  Larkin  Company.  He  also  said  he 
only  left  a  few  boxes  of  soap  in  each  neigh¬ 
borhood.  He  was  a  good  talker ;  talked  like 
a  New  Y'orker.  About  the  last  thing  I 
said  to  him  was,  “Are  you  sure  this  is  all 
right?”  He  said,  “I  am  one  of  the  firm 
myself,”  and  he  showed  me  the  initial  on 
his  watch,  which  was  “W.”  lie  also  wore 
a  very  nice  diamond  ring.  Was  an  elderly 
man,  rather  stout.  He  made  $17.50  that  I 
know  of  that  morning  right  in  our  neigh¬ 
borhood.  The  people  around  here  are  very 
indignant  over  this,  and  would  stop  his 
sales  immediately  if  they  could.  He  said 
his  name  was  Wells  and  he  lived  on  Onon¬ 
daga  street,  Syracuse.  Is  there  any  way 
of  making  this  man  give  us  our  premiums? 

New  York.  mrs.  c.  p. 

The  “soap  swindle”  is  as  old  as  any 
of  the  fake  schemes  that  we  know.  It 
is  usually  worked  by  selling  the  soap 
and  collecting  for  it,  under  the  promise 
that  a  premium  of  a  piece  of  furniture 
or  carpet  or  other  useful  article  would 
be  sent  on  the  following  day.  The 
premium  never  comes.  We  find  no 
rating  for  the  concern  referred  to  in 


f  GALVANIZED  ROOFING] 

Corrugated  $096  per  square, 
or  V  crimp  Del.  your  station 

Send  postal  for  new  catalogue  13 


[ 


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ilii 


DRIED  BEET  PULP 


THE  FEED THATS  GUARANTY 

The  Larrowe  Milling  Co.,  Detroit,  /V^ich 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


.  J. 

1017 


Crops  and  Markets 

Wholesale  Prices  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  November  3,  1911. 


BUTTE K 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 32  ®  .33 


Good  to  Choice . 25  @  .30 

Cower  Grades  . 22  @  .24 

Storage . 24  @  .30 

State  Dairy,  best . 30  ®  -31 

Common  to  Good . 22  @  .28 

Factory . lg  ®  .21 

Packing  Stock . . 17  ®  .21 


Elgin,  111.,  butter  market  firm  at  31  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  31  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  33  cents. 


CHEESE 

Full  Cream,  best . 14  @  .15 

Common  to  Good . 12  @  .13 

Skims . 06  ®  .12 

EGGS 

White,  good  to  choice . 40  @  .45 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 33  @  215 

Common  to  Good . 24  ®  .30 

Western,  good . 28  @  .35 

Under  grades . 15  ®  .22 

Checks  and  dirties . 12  ®  Jo 

Storage,  prime .  .20  @  .21 

BEANS 

Marrow.  100  lbs .  4.25  ®  4.S5 

Medium .  4.00  ®  4.30 

Pea .  4.00  ®  4.30 

Yellow  Eye . 3.85  ®  3.00 

Bed  Kidney . . 5.25  @  5.75 

Lima,  California . 5.00  ©  5.95 

HOPS 

Prime  to  Choice . 54  @  .56 

Common  to  Good . 50  ®  .53 

Pacific  Coast . 42  ®  .4(1 

German  Crop,  new .  .90  ®  .96 


DRIED  FRUITS 

Apples,  evap.,  choice,  1911 . 

Common  to  good . 

Sun  dried . 

Cherries . . 

Raspberries . . 

FRESH  FRUITS 

Apples.  Wealthy, bbl . 

Alexander . 

Wolf  River  . 

Twenty  Ounce . 

McIntosh . . . 

Gravenstein . 

Baldwin . 

Greening . . . 

King . 

Hubbardston . 

Western  Spitz,  box . 

Western  Jonathan . 

Western  Newtown . 

Pears.  Seckel.  bbl . . 

Clairgeau,  bbl . 

Bartlett,  bbl . 

Anjou,  bbi . .' . 

Bose,  bbl . 

Sheldon . . 

Kieffer,  bbl . 

Quinces,  bbl . . 

Cranberries.  Cape  Cod,  bbl . . 

Jersey,  bbl . 

Grapes.  Concord.  18-lb.  case . 

Black,  1-lb.  bkt . . . 

Delaware . 

Niagara .  . 

Bulk,  ton . 

Citron;  bbl . 


VEGETABLES 


Potatoes,  N.  Y.  State,  bbl . 

Maine,  bsg . 

Long  Island,  bbl . 

Sweet  Potatoes,  bbl . 

Beets,  bbl . 

Carrots,  bbl . . . 

Cabbage,  Danish  seed,  ton . 

Domestic  seed,  ton . 

Cauliflowers,  L.  I.,  bbl . 

Cucumbers.  Southern,  bu . 

Celery,  Jersey,  bunch . 

Lettuce,  16-bbI  bkt . 

Peppers.  Jersey,  bbl . 

Onions.  State  and  Western,  1U0  lbs.. 

Orange  Co.,  bag . 

White,  bu . 


Conn.  Yellow,  100-lb.  bag.. 

String  Beans,  bu . 

Lima  Beans,  potato,  bu . 

Flat  kinds . 

Spinach,  bbl . 

oqunsn.  Marrow,  bbl . 

Hubbard,  bbl . 

Tnrnius.  Rutabaga,  bbl . . 

White,  bbl . 


Egg  Plants,  Fla.,  box . 

Tomatoes,  Jersey,  box.... 


.09  ©  .10 

.07  ®  .08 
.07*6®  .08 
.19  ©  .21 
.27  @  .28 


.  2.00  @  3.50 
.  2.50  ©  4.00 
.  2.50  @  4.00 
.1.76  ®  2.75 
.  2.50  ®  4.5(1 
.  2.00  @  3  00 
.  1.25  @  3.0(1 
.  1.50  ©  3.50 
.  2.00  ®  3.50 
.  1.75  @  2.75 
.  2.50  @  3.00 
.  X.75  ®  2.50 
.  2.50  @  3.00 
.  3.50  fa)  5.00 
.  2.00  fa)  4.00 
.  2.50  fa)  5.50 
.  2.0(1  @  3.50 
.2.50  fa)  5.50 
.  2.00  @  5.00 
.  .75  fa)  1.75 
.4.50  @  6.00 
5.50  ©  8  00 
.  6.25  ©  7.50 
.  .30  @  .50 

.  .09  @  .12 

.  .13  @  .15 
.  .11  ®  .13 
30.00  @70.00 
.  .40  fa)  .60 


2.25  @  2.60 
2.35  ©  2.40 

2.75  @  3.00 
2.00  @  2.50 
1.00  ©  1.25 

.75  ©  1.25 
15.00  @16.00 
9.00  fa  12.00 
.90  ©  1.75 
3.00  @  4.00 
.15  ®  .40 
.60  @  2.50 
.50  ©  1.25 
1.70  ©  2.00 
1.50  ®  2.50 

1.25  @  2.00 
1.50  @  1.85 

.50  @  1.25 
1.50  ®  2.25 
.75  ©  1.25 
.40  fa)  .65 
.50  ©  .70 
.00  fa)  .75 
.65  ®  1.00 
1.00  ©  1.25 

1.75  @  2.50 
.25  'cD  1.25 


HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 

Cucumbers.  No.  1,  doz . - . 75  ©  1.00 

No.  2,  box .  3.00  ®  3.50 

Tomatoes,  lb . 15  ©  .17 

Lettuce,  doz . 00  ©  .75 

Mushrooms,  lb . 20  @  .50 


NUTS 

Chestnuts,  bu .  1.00  ©  3.50 

Sbelljjarks,  per  50  lbs .  1.00  ®  2.00 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Chickens,  lb . 11  ©  .12*6 

Fowls . 11  ©  .13 

Roosters . 08  @  .08*6 

Ducks . 14  @  .15 

Geese . 12  ©  .13 

Turkeys . 14  ©  .16 

Guineas,  pair . 40  @  .50 

DRESSED  POULTRY 

Turkeys.  Spring,  best . 20  ©  .21 

Old  Common  to  Good . 12  @  .18 

Chickens,  choice  broilers,  lb . 22  ©  23 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 18  ©  .20 

Roasters . 20  @  .22 

Fowls .  13  ®  .16*6 

Spring  Ducks,  lb . 15  @  .18 

Squabs,  doz . . .  1.25  ®  4.00 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 

Calves,  prime,  lb . .12  @  .13 

Common  to  good . 08  @  .11 

Buttermilks . 00  @  .07 

Roasting  Pigs,  lb . 10  ®  .12*6 

Pork.  Light . 09  ®  .09*6 

Heavy . 07  ©  .08 


HAY  AND  STRAW 


Hay.  new  No.  1,  ton . 25.00  ©  25.50 

No.  2 . 23.00  @  24.00 

No.  3 . 20.00  ©  22.00 

Clover  Mixed . 20.00  ©  24  00 

Clover . 20.00  ©  24.00 

Straw,  Rye . 18.00  ®  20.00 

Oat  aDd  Wheat . 10.00  ®  11.00 


LIVE  STOCK 


Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 5.75  @  7.30 

Bulls . 3.00  ®  4.85 

Cows .  1.75  ®  4.25 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 0.00  @10.00 

Culls  . 4.50  ®  5.50 

Sheep,  100  lbs .  1.50  @  3.50 

Lambs .  5.00  ®  0.00 

Hogs . 5.00  ®  6.50 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.13  ©  .. 

No.  2,  Red .  0  93  ®  .. 

No.  2  Hard  Winter .  1.05  @ 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 77  ®  .81 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 50  @  .55 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 90  ®  .98 

Barley,  choice  .  1.15  ®  1.20 

MILL  FEED— Car  Lots 

Spring  Bran, ton .  25.40  ®  20.50 

Standard  Middlings .  27.00  ®  29.75 

Red  Dog .  31.00  ®  32.25 

Hominy  Chop .  25.00  ®  26.20 

Linseed  Meal . . .  40.5(1  @  41.00 

Corn  Meal .  30.00  ©  32.00 


COTTON 

New  York,  Middling  Upland .  9.40 

Middling  Gulf .  9.05 


New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  8.85 

Good  Middling . . .  9.60 

TOBACCO. 

Conn,  broadleaftfiller . . . Q8  ©  .10 

Fine  wrappers . 60  ®  75 

N.  Y. State  Fillers . 05  @  .06 

Fine  and  Selections . 12  ©  .16 

Ohio  Zimmer  s  Spanish .  J9  ®  .20 

Virginia  Dark  Lugs . 07*6®  .09 

Dark  Leaf . 10  ~®  .20 

Bright  Cutters . 12  ®  .30 

Penn,  broad  leaf  fillers . . . 10  @  .12 

CHICAGO 

Butter,  creamery . .  .25  ®  .31 

Eggs,  good  to  prime  firsts . 20  @  .24 " 

Live  Turkeys . 10  ®  .14 

Fowls . 09  ®  .10 

Chickens . . 10  @  .11 

Potatoes,  bbl . .  1.80  @  2.40 

Apples,  bbl .  1.75  ®  4.00 

Sheep,  100  lbs .  2.25  @  3.90 

Lambs,  100  lbs . 3.75  @  6.10 

Hogs . 5.75  @  6.25 

BUFF ADO 

Butter,  creamery . 30  ®  .32 

Eggs,  State . 30  @  .34 

Live  Chickens . 13  @  .15 

Fowls . . 12®  .14 

Potatoes,  bbl . 1.85  @2  25 

Calves,  live,  100  lbs . 5AU  @  9.75 

Sheep.  100  lbs . 1.50  @  3.75 

Lambs,  ll)U  lbs . 4.00  @  5.85 

Hogs . 5.75  ®  6.55 


During  September  wo  imported  goads 
to  the  value  of  $1,133,004,000,  and  our 
exports  amounted  to  $1,455,492,000. 

The  Grand  Valley  of  Colorado  will  ship 
about  2.000  ears  of  apples  this  season ; 
1,500  have  already  been  disposed  of. 

Western  Montana  has  a  large  crop  of 
potatoes,  irt  some  cases  the  tubers  running 
very  large,  and  the  yield  upwards  of  500 
bushels  per  acre. 

Wool  trade  in  Boston,  the  greatest  mar¬ 
ket  in  this  country,  has  been  very  good 
during  the  past  two  weeks,  sales  amount¬ 
ing  to  nearly  10,000.000  pounds.  Re¬ 
ceipts  for  the  10  months  .just  closed  were 
263,1  St), 207  pounds. 

The  New  York  cauliflower  market  was 
considerably  overstocked  last  week.  Prices 
got  so  low  that  the  wagon  peddlers  were 
able  to  get  loads  of  it  that  they  could  sell 
at  bargain  prices.  Cauliflower  is  seldom 
disposed  of  in  this  way. 

Owing  to  the  dry  hot  Summer  the  hay 
crop  of  Great  Britain  is  25  per  cent  less 
than  normal.  A  large  share  of  the  im¬ 
ported  supply  will  come  from  Canada,  as 
most  European  countries  are  barred  from 
shipping  hay  to  England  because  of  cat¬ 
tle  disease. 

There  are  many  apple  crops  of  100  bar¬ 
rels  or  less  from  which  10  bushels  or 
more  of  extra  choice  apples  could  be  sorted. 
Inquiry  is  made  as  to  whether  these  spec¬ 
imen  fruits  should  be  sold  separately.  As 
a  rule  it  is  better  to  lot  them  go  with  the 
No.  1.  It  is  a  mistake  to  mix  choice 
apples  with  culls  ;  the  buyer  sees  the  culls 
and  cuts  the  price.  But  choice  apples 
mixed  with  good,  raise  ,the  tone  of  the 
grade  and  usually  the  price.  This  refers 
to  apples  grown  within  two  or  three  hun¬ 
dred  miles  of  market.  Where  fruit  must 
be  shipped  many  thousand  miles,  freight 
charges  bar  out  all  but  high  grade. 

Nova  Scotia  Apples. —  The  apple  crop 
of  Nova  Scotia  this  year  exceeds  in  quan¬ 
tity  and  quality  that  of  all  previous  years. 
It  is  now  claimed  that  1.500,000  barrels 
will  he  gathered.  Up  to  the  middle  of 
October  300,000  barrels  had  been  shipped 
to  England,  and  many  carloads  to  Winni¬ 
peg.  The  growers  complain  of  the  lack  of 
labor  and  have  difficulty  in  procuring  help 
to  gather  the  fruit.  They  also  have  diffi¬ 
culty  in  procuring  barrels  to  make  their 
shipments.  All  the  industries  of  Nova 
Scotia  complain  because  of  the  inability  to 
procure  labor  to  carry  on  their  work.  Men 
are  badly  needed  to  assist  in  the  creation 
of  new  wharves  and  docks,  and  now  that 
contracts  are  let  for  building  the  Halifax 
&  Eastern  Railway  the  demand  will  in¬ 
crease.  The  priospects  for  steady  work 
during  the  entire  Winter  is  excellent.  From 
present  indications,  no  man  need  go  hun¬ 
gry  in  Nova  Scotia  the  coming  Winter 
for  the  want  of  employment. 


Crops  in  Western  New  York, 

We  are  just  digging  our  potatoes  (Oct. 
26).  From  eight  acres  we  harvested  1,800 
bushels.  Another  piece  of  fotrr  acres  will 
produce  700  bushels.  Judging  from  vines 
and  the  stand,  we  thought  they  would  turn 
out  the  best.  They  may  as  we  get  farther 
into  the  field.  It  has  bi-en  a  freak  year. 
Oats  the  poorest  in  10  years;  barley  the 
best  crop  ever  harvested,  both  sown  the 
same  time,  and  on  same  field.  I  cannot 
understand  it.  Two  months  ago  I  said 
“This  will  be  the  poorest  year  we  have 
ever  experienced  since  we  owned  the  farm.” 
Late  rains  made  the  potatoes  simply  hump, 
and  to-day  we  are  harvesting  as  good  a 
crop  as  ever  grew  on  the  farm,  and  taking 
price  into  consideration,  will  get  as  much 
money  as  in  any  year.  We  think  it  re¬ 
markable  that  a  farm  that  has  been  in 
cultivation  for  90  years  should  to-day  be 
producing  more  produce  than  in  any  year 
since  the  forest  was  cleared  and  the  plow 
started.  We  are  now  convinced  that  a 
farm  properly  managed  will  never  wear 
out.  We  are  planning  to  ditch  wherever 
it  needs  it.  The  one  problem  is  help.  I 
think  we  shall  buy  a  ditching  machine  just 
as  soon  as  we  can  get  a  ditch  cut  through 
a  swamp  whore  a  machine  cannot  he 
worked,  and  which  must  he  dug  bpforft 
much  else  can  be  done.  We  also  want  to 
put  in  10  acres  of  Alfalfa.  We  are  plan¬ 
ning  for  it.  What  bothers  me  is  to  get  a 
crop  that  will  leave  land  in  good  shape 
to  seed  in  September.  Peas  seem  to  be 
the  ideal  Spring  crop,  but  fhe  canning 
factory  is  too  far  away,  and  peas  for  seed 
seem  to  be  a  failure.  Early  potatoes  would 
ho  good,  hut  12  miles  from  market  cuts 
them.  What  can  we  use?  I  want 
something  that  will  leave  ground  free  from 
weeds,  and  at  same  time  give  some  re¬ 
turns  for  our  labor.  c.  I. 

Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y. 


Prices  for  Cider  Products. 

What  is  th£  general  price  paid  in  your 
locality  for  cider  apples  in  the  orchard? 

What  does  the  cider  maker  generally  charge 
for  making  cider? 

All  cider  apples  are  sold  at  mill  here 
15  cents  per  bushel.  Cider  makers  here 
charge  one  cent  per  gallon.  w.  A.  F. 

Homewood,  Pa. 

There  are  not  enough  cidor  apples  sold 
around  here  to  establish  a  very  uniform 
price,  but  probably  about  10  cents  per 
bushel  is  about  the  average.  The  cider 
makers  charge  1  ’/►  cent  per  gallon  for 
making.  A  fine  crop  of  apples  again  this 
season.  w.  w.  F. 

Waterville,  O. 

The  charge  for  pressing  is  1%  cents  per 
gallon.  Not  many  apples  are  sold  for 
cider;  nearly  all  use  them  for  their  own 
use.  Any  that  are  sold  for  cider  are  either 
taken  on  shares  or  at  such  price  as  may 
be  agreed  on.  say  from  10  to  20  cents  per 
bushel.  w.  h.  stout. 

Schuylkill  Co..  Pa. 

Cider  apples  in  this  section  are  bought 
by  weight,  from  20  cents  a  hundred  pounds 
in  a  good  season  to  40  cents  in  an  off  sea¬ 
son.  when  ot  as  plentiful  ;  two  cents  per 
gallon  is  usually  charged  for  making  cider. 
The  pomaee  is  sold  at  mill  for  50  cents  a 
ton  to  feed  to  cattle ;  is  in  good  demand. 

Massachusetts.  j.  eamks. 

The  price  of  eider  apples  this  Fall  has 
run  from  25  to  40  cents  per  hundred 
pounds  at  the  factory,  and  it  costs  about 
10  cents  to  gather  and  deliver  them.  The 
mills  charge  40  cents  per  barrel  (32  gal¬ 
lons)  or  1*4  cents  per  gallon  for  making. 
The  cull  apples  always  go  in  two  grades; 
the  better  ones  are  used  for  paring  and 
are  canned  or  evaporated,  and  are  worth 
from  40  to  75  cents  per  hundred  pounds. 
Many  good  packing  apples  have  gone  to 
the  factories  this  year,  as  the  price  of 
packing  stock  has  been  low.  l.  j.  post. 

Kent  Co.,  Mich. 


CONTENTS 

The  Rukal  New-Yorker,  November  11, 

1911. 

FARM  TOPICS. 


The  Chief  Function  of  Lime .  1089 

The  Farm  Harness  . 1091 

Two  Crops  of  Oats .  1093 

Hope  Farm  Notes  .  109G 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

Farmers  and  Purebred  Stock .  1103 

Big  Cattle  and  Big  Horses .  1102 

Indigestion  .  1103 

Swelling  .  1103 

Lampas ;  Hemiplegia  . ’*  no.‘{ 

Weak  Udder;  Weight  of  Milk .  1103 

Weak  Stifle  .  1103 

“Hollow  Horn”  . tl(>3 

Thin  Horse  . ’  1103 

Weak  Back  .  1103 

History  of  Leghorn  Pullets .  1104 

Henhouse  Queries  .  1104 

®?UP  . . !  1104 

Dishorning  a  Rooster .  1104 

Breeding  Pullets  or  Baby  Chicks....  1104 

M.llk  . .  1105 

More  About  Borden  Milk  Prices....  1105 
September  15  on  a  Dairy  Farm .  1105 

HORTICULTURE. 

now  Old  a  Tree? . 1089.  1000 

The  Sutton  or  Sutton  Beauty  Apple..  1000 
The  Deer  Nuisance  in  Massachusetts  1090 

A  Practical  Farm  Greenhouse .  1091 

The  Roadside  Tree  Problem ....  1091,  1095 

Trouble  With  English  Walnuts .  1092 

Lucretia  Dewberry  in  Massachusetts  1092 

Oats  in  Strawberries .  ’092 

New  Plums  from  Dakota .  1092 

Poor  Drainage  in  Orchard .  1093 

Heating  Greenhouse  With  Wood....  1093 

Look  for  Tree  Canker .  7 093 

Spineless  Prickly  Pear . I!!!!!!  1097 

Varieties  of  Apples  for  Pennsylvania  1097 
The  Help  Question .  1097 


The  price  of  cider  apples  varies  accord¬ 
ing  to  supply  and  demand,  from  12  to  15 
cents  per  100  pounds  up  to  35  or  40 

cents.  This  means  delivered  to  mill  or 
car.  Local  mills  paid  20  cents  per  100  for 
the  early  drops.  Shippers  were  paying  25 
cents '  per  100  pounds  this  week.  Custom 
mills  charge  from  1*4  to  1%  cents  per 

gallon  for  making  cider ;  some  charge  by 

the  bushel  from  four  to  six  cents  per 

bushel.  They  mostly  give  three  gallons 
of  cider  per  bushel  apples.  Different  mills 
vary  these  figures  a  little,  hut  the  average 
will  be  found  inside  the  limits  of  those 
figures.  j.  a.  CRANE. 

Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y. 


Coming  Farmers’  Meeting. 

Indiana  Apple  Show,  Indianapolis,  No¬ 
vember  6-11. 

Maine  Corn  and  Fruit  Show,  Portland, 
November  6-11. 

Massachusetts  Corn  Show,  Springfield, 
Mass.,  November  7-9. 

Farm  Institute  Workers*  Convention, 
Columbus,  O..  November  13-15. 

American  Road  Congress,  Richmond,  Va„ 
November  20-23. 

National  Grange,  Columbus,  O.,  Novem¬ 
ber  15-24. 

Maine  Seed  Improvement  Association, 
Waterville.  November  21-23. 

National  Apple  Show,  Spokane,  Wash.. 
November  27-30. 

Federation  of  Agricultural  Associations. 
Keyser.  W.  Ya..  November  27-Decemher  1. 

National  Irrigation  Congress — Chicago" 
Dec.  5-9. 

Inventors’  Exposition,  Buffalo,  N  Y 
Dee.  5-9. 

N.  Y.  State  Dairymen’s  Ass’n,  Olean, 
December  12-13. 

Maine  Live  Stock  Breeders’  Association 
Orono,  December  14-15. 

Illinois  State  Horticultural  Society,  De¬ 
cember  11-16. 

Eastern  Fruit  Growers’  Ass’n,  Raleigh 
Hotel.  Washington.  I).  C.,  Dec  12 

National  Mid-Winter  Sheep  Show — 
Omaha.  Neb..  Dec.  13-16. 

Conventions.  Pennsylvania  Live  Stock  and 
Horticultural  Associations.  Duquesne  Gar¬ 
den,  Pittsburgh.  January  15-20 

Livingston  County,  N.  Y„  Poultry  Show 
January  1(>-1 9,  1912. 

N.  J-  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  Janu¬ 
ary  17-19. 

N.  Y.  State  Grange,  Auburn,  N.  Y.  Feb¬ 
ruary  6-9. 


JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  COMPANY, 

Commission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York. 
Poultry,  Eggs,  Meats,  Produce.  Shipments  Solicited. 


JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 


WOMAN  AND  TIIE  HOME. 


From  Day  to  Day . >. .  noo 

Keeping  Autumn  Leaves  .  1100 

Keeping  Cider  Sweet .  1100 

Plans  for  Dumb  Waiter  Wanted....  1100 

How  I  Used  a  Windfall .  1100 

’file  Rural  Patterns  .  1.101 

Potato  Mayonnaise  . ’  1101 

Care  of  the  Child’s  Eyes .  1.101 

Pop  Corn  Pleasures  . j  1101 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


Cleaning  a  Well  .  1092 

Thinning  Varnish  .  1092 

Christmas  Greens  .  7093 

Ant  Hill  in  a  Grave .  1095 

Forestry  Tax  Exemption  in  Pcnnsyl- 

yimia  .  1095 

Stirring  the  Water .  1095 

Using  the  Road  Drag .  1095 

Killing  Crows  . [  1095 

Lifting  Stakes  . ’’’  1095 

Paying  for  Sport  . .  |  ‘  1 095 

Editorials  .  1098 

Other  People's  Money .  T099 

News  From  Albany,  N.  Y .  1099 

Events  of  the  Week . 1999 


Publisher’s  Desk  . .  .  .  .  .  1106 


□LEASE  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com- 
I  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter, 
Eggs,  Poultry,  Pork,  Calves,  Hay,  Grain,  Beans, 
Apples,  etc.  E.  B.  WOODWARD,  302  Greenwich  Si.,  N.  Y 


r.  naaiMu.iu.  nor.  I O < FRANK  W.  GODWIN 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  CO., 

'isSst  MBS1*- 

nes  Butter,  Eggs  Cheese,  Poultry.  Mushrooms 
aim  Hot  house  Products  a  Specialty.  Consignments 
Solicited.  34  Jfc  30  Little  latli  St..  New  York- 


Poultry  forThanksgiving 

APPLES,  PEAKS  and  all  Fruits  and 
Vegetables,  Fancy  Eggs,  Hothouse 
Products.  Top  prices  secured  for 
choice  goods.  Correspondence  solicited. 

Archdeacon  &  Ce.,  100  Murray  St.,  New  York 


Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.,  -  Boston. 

The  Rochester  Produce 

&  Commission  Company 


COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

POULTRY  FARM  EGGS  OUR  SPECIALTY 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 


COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 
Highest  Prices  Paid  for  Bntter,  Cheese,  Eggs,  Lard, 
Poultry, Calves,  Beans.  Potatoes,  Etc. 

244-246  Clinton  Avenue,  North  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 


and  up 

lor 

Handy  Box 
Spreader 


and  You  Can’1 

Question  the  Quality 

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PROTECT  yourself  against  overcharge  or 
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DETROIT- 
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make  such  an  offer  unless  Detroit-American  quality 
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out  stopping  team.  Many  other  important  features 
that  mean  longer  life,  lighter  draft, strongest  sim¬ 
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Hastings  Street  DETROIT,  MICHIGAN 


HOB 


THE  RIJRAb  NEW-YORKER 


November  11,  1911. 


“Uncle  Sa*' 
it  Oar 
Traveling 

Man 


5,000  Bargains  Ready 

Doors,  Windows,  Mouldings,  Flooring,  Frames,  Lumber,  Lath,  Shingles,  Roofing— Everything! 

We  are  selling  high-grade  guaranteed  Building  Material  of  every  description  at  50  cents  on  the  dollar.  If 
you  want  to  save  50  per  cent  of  the  prices  demanded  by  retail  dealers,  here  is  your  chance.  Simply  put 
your  name  and  address  on  the  coupon  and  “Uncle  Sam”  will  bring  you  our  Grand  Free  Catalogs  of  over 
5,000  Bargains — everything  required  to  put  up  a  new  building  or  modernize  an  old  one.  Here  in  our  great 
new  fireproof  plant,  built  of  solid  concrete,  we  carry  the  largest,  finest  stock  of  building  material  in  the  world. 

Build  That  House  or  Barn  NOW  and  Save  Money  in  Big  Chunks! 


V/ 


A 

Flight 
of  Stairs 
Complete  for 


To  celebrate  the  completion  of  our  new  fireproof  plant,  we  have  started  a  sale  that  has 
startled  the  country.  So  great  are  the  price  reductions,  so  vast  and  varied  is  the  stock, 
so  wonderful  are  our  new  facilities  for  quick  shipment,  that  the  public  is  simply 
paralyzed.  If  you  are  ever  going  to  build,  if  you  are  ever  going  to  remodel  or 
repair  your  house,  barn  or  other  buildings,  if  you  are  ever  going  to  buy  Building 
Material,  now,  now,  now  is  the  accepted  time— the  supreme  opportunity  to 
save  big  money— to  make  every  dollar  go  twice  as  far  as  before.  Such  stu¬ 
pendous  bargains,  such  money-saving  offers,  such  high  quality  for  so  little 
money,  may  never,  never,  never  come  again.  Delay  may  cost  you  dearly. 


Over  Half  a  Million  Customers! 

Solely  through  our  Grand  Free  Catalogs  and  the  Big  Values  offered 
therein,  we  have  built  up  a  patronage  extending  from  ocean  to  ocean. 
Over  half  a  million  satisfied,  enthusiastic,  loyal  customers  on  our  books ! 

You  can’t  put  your  finger  on  the  map  of  the  United  States  without 
locating  a  Gordon-Van  Tine  customer!  We  have  been  in  the  Building 
Material  business  since  1865.  Our  business  motto  is  the  Golden  Rule. 

Every  article  we  ship  is  guaranteed,  and  we  refund  every 
penny  and  pay  freight  both  ways  if  goods  are  not  absolutely 
satisfactory.  Three  big  banks  vouch  for  our  reliability.  See 
our  rating  in  Dun’s  and  Bradstreet’s  Commercial  Agencies. 
Ask  our  customers.  Get  the  3  Big  Free  Catalogs  and  see  prices. 


Three 

Big  Banks  Certify 
to  Our  Reliability! 

Scott  County  Savings  Bank 
Capital  9260,000  Surplus  *160,000 
Davenport,  Iowa 


|1”.  in  II 

k  Our  prices  save  yon  from  S60  to  $125  on  stairs. 


To  Whom  it  May  Conceim: 

It  gives  us  great  pleasure  to  testify  to  the 
reliability,  business  integrity  and  honesty  of 
Gordon-Van  Tine  Co.  Their  financial  responsi¬ 
bility  is  well  over  three  hundred  thousand  dollars 
($300,000.00),  and  they  enjoy  the  highest  credit 
with  western  Financial  Institutions. 

We  assure  prospective  customers  that  they 
are  perfectly  secure  in  sending  the  money  with 
their  orders,  ns  we  understand  that  if  goods 
are  not  entirely  satisfactory  they  may  be  re¬ 
turned  at  shippers’  expense  and  the  money 
will  be  promptly  refunded.  The  officers 
of  this  company  are  well  and  favorably 
known  to  ns,  and  may  be  relied 
upon  to  do  exactly  ns  they  agree. 

J.  II.  HASS,  Cashier. 


buys  Lumber.  Barn  Sash  and  other 
necessary  material  for  this  barn.  See 
Plan  Book.  We  sell  a  tremendous 
nmount  of  bnrn  mnterinl— everything 
from  foundation  tocupola.  Our  prices 
enable  you  to  build  barns  or  a  com- 
plete  set  of  farm  buildings  at  a  saving 
that  will  astonish  you.  Send  us  list 
of  materials  for  free  estimate  or  get 
our  greut  Book  of  Plans  for  Furm 
Buildings  and  see  the  big  saving  we 
guarantee.  The  barn  shown  here  is 
only  one  of  thousands  _  built  from 
Gordon-Van  Tine  materials.  Build 
that  burn  NOW  and  save  money! 


C 1  007  builds  this  8-room  house  complete. 
Vl|V&l  We  will  furnish  you  all  the  Lum¬ 
ber  and  Millwork,  including  plans,  for  $098. 


Wo 


Save 

$100  to  $300 
on  Every  Carload  Shipped! 

Ask  for  our  Free  Lumber  List,  which  gives  cut 


etc.,  etc.  Our  yards 
different  railroads, 


are  connected  with  26 


Water-Proof  and  Fire-Resisting 

FLINT-COATED 

ROOFING 


Per  Roll  of  108 
square  feet  -  - 

1- Ply,  $0.93 

2- Ply,  1.22 

3- Ply,  1.50 


93 


lng  cut 
In  Hoofing!  Millions 
of  feet  of  Flint-Coated  Roofing,  made 
of  genuine  Wool  Felt,  waterproofedwith 
Asphalt,  surfaced  with  Flint  and  Mica 
—at  less  than  half  regular  prices,  for 

auick  clearance.  Every  roll  guaranteed 
‘1  sq.  ft.  A6k  for  free  Roofing  Catalog. 


Plan  Book  FREE! 

Over  50  Designs  for  Houses,  Barns, 
Cottages,  Bungalows,  Granaries, 
Hog  Houses,  Poultry  Houses,  Etc. 

This  great  Plan  Book  wins  out  because  It 
is  practical  and  gives  the  latest  ideas  on 
farm  architecture.  Gives  complete  designs 
for  fifty  Houses,  Cottages,  Bungalows; 
Farm,  Dairy  and  Cattle  Barns:  Corn  Houses, 
Granaries,  Cattle  Sheds,  Hog  Houses, 
Wagon  Sheds,  Implement  Sheds,  Cribs, 
Automobile  Houses,  Poultry  Houses,  etc. 
Every  building  shown  has  been  actually  built  at  the  prices  stated.  The  handsome 
houses  shown  at  the  right-hand  side  of  this  page  are  taken  from  our  Plan  Book.  Note 
the  low  cost  for  lumber  and  millwork!  The  book  is  free.  Send  10c  for  postage  and  mailing. 

How  to  Remodel  Old 

KJaiiaaa  at  Very  Low  Cost 
VbvIISwS  for  Materials 

Our  Grand  Free  Millwork  Catalog  gives 
valuable  ideas  for  modernizing  old  houses 
—tells  how  to  add  stairs,  porches,  mantels, 
plate  rail,  etc.,  etc.,  at  lowest  possible  cost. 

Costs  only  a  few  dollars  to  double  the 
attractiveness  of  an  old-fashioned  house. 


flJA  AT  A  builds  this  7-room  house  compi 
v*i“  *  “  will  furnish  all  Lumber  and  Millwork, 
including  plans,  for  $1,022. 


Estimates  FREE 

Send  List  of  Materials  Needed 
and  See  What  We  Can  Save  You 

Our  Estimating  Department  makes  no 
charge  forgiving  complete  itemized  figures 
on  material  for  any  kind  of  a  building. 
Send  list  of  materials  wanted,  or  figure  it 
out  yourself,  from  our  catalog. 


$4  Ml  builds  this  7-room  house  complete.  Wo 
W*,"  1“  will  furnish  nil  Lumber  and  Millwork, 
including  plans,  for  $1,057. 


Why  Pay  Two  Prices 

for  Millwork,  Lumber,  Etc.?  o.r“?D™i  IM 

tl  4?  frAt14  11C  1  tl  O  tl  V  T  n  11  O  VI  f  IT _  O  f  a  _ Iaco  am  a  + a  11 


CO  09Q  builds  this  beautiful  bungalow  com- 
yt|iuw  plete.  We  will  furnish  nil  Lumber  and 
Millwork,  including  plans,  for  $868. 


Buy  from  us  in  any  quantity— at  wholesale  prices — less  than  the  retail 
dealer  pays.  We  undersell  everybody  because  we  save  you  the  middle¬ 
men’s  profits.  Whether  you  buy  |5  worth  or  S5.000  worth,  you  get  our 
lowest  prices,  and  our  guarantee  of  quality.  Safe  delivery  and  satisfac¬ 
tion  or  every  dollar  refunded. 


Bargains  in  Mantels  Grand  Millwork  Sale 

to  Celebrate  Completion  of  Vast  New  Concrete  Warehouses 


Colonial 
Porch  Column 


Beautiful  Mantels.  Grntes 
and  Fireplace  Fittings  al¬ 
most  given  away.  You  will 
be  surprised  at  the  8mall  cost. 
Grand  Free  Catalog  gives  pic¬ 
tures,  prices  and  descriptions. 


Porch  Millwork 
SLASHED! 


Every  farm  home  should 
have  a  porch  — an  out¬ 
door  living  room.  Put  up 
a  porch  at  small  expense. 
See  Catalog  for  prices  on 
all  porch  material. 


Porch 
Brackets 


These  special  prices  are  limited'to  this  Grand  Millwork  Celebration 
Sale— to  celebrate  the  completion  of  our  enormous  new  concrete  mill- 
work  plant.  NOW  is  your  opportunity  to  buy  at  a  tremendous  saving! 

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GORDON-VAN  TINE  C0.f  2675  Case  St.,  Davenport,  Iowa 


■KWiHII  E3  m  HvlfSlWtiW 


GORDON-VAN  TINE  CO., 

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□  MILLWORK  □  ROOFING  □LUMBER! 


THE  STORY  OF  A  GOOD  TREE. 
How  Trees  Are  Dug. 


label  corresponds  with  the  name  of  the  kind  ordered. 
They  work  up  a  big  trade  for  a  few  seasons,  and 
the  reliable  nurseryman  who  is  careful  with  his  trees 
The  objection  to  a  great  percentage  of  the  litera-  cannot  compete  with  them,  selling,  as  they  do,  at  such 
ture  that  deals  with  fruit  growing  is  that  it  is  a  low  figure.  The  natural  result  is  that  buyers  have 


tends  to  set  out  an  orchard.  Figure  it  out,  and  the 
original  cost  of  a  tree  is  comparatively  small  con¬ 
sidering  the  outlay  that  is  involved  in  planting  and 
caring  for  it  until  it  comes  to  maturity.  What 
folly,  then,  to  take  the  cheapest  things  to  be 


too  much  theory  and  not  enough  about  the  real,  some  bitter  experience  with  these  so-called  nursery-  had,  with  little  or  no  knowledge  of  the  parties 


practical,  everyday  prob¬ 
lems  that  the  fruit 
grower  must  meet  and 
solve.  Foremost  among 
these  difficulties,  is  the 
all-important  problem  of 
the  young  tree,  and 
until  the  planter  becomes 
familiar  with  the  nur¬ 
sery  end  of  fruit  grow¬ 
ing,  he  will  be  forever 
making  serious  and  far- 
reaching  mistakes  with 
his  plantings.  No  wealth 
of  soil  and  care  will 
ever  make  a  poor  stick 
of  a  tree  coming  from 
the  fruit  tree  dealer' 
turn  out  to  be  anything 
but  a  failure.  This  does 
not  mean  that  every 
planter  should  raise  his 
own  trees  from  the  na¬ 
tural  seedlings.  In  fact 
the  real  nurseryman  is 
a  specialist,  and  h  i  s 
work  cannot  be  done  to 
advantage  by  the  fruit 
grower ;  but  the  or- 
chardist,  it  would  seem, 
ought  to  become  at  least 
familiar  enough  with 
nursery  methods  so  as 
to  appreciate  just  what 
his  nurseryman  is  doing 
for  him,  and  just  how 
the  trees  he  buys  have 
been  propagated  and 
handled. 

The  reason  why  he 
should  do  so  is  clear. 

To  begin  with,  the  com¬ 
plaint  heard  on  all  sides 
of  late  is  that  the  nur¬ 
seryman  is  not  playing 
fair  with  the  planter. 

The  trees  coming  from 
the  nursery  do  not  live, 
and  what  is  worse  still, 
oftentimes  they  do  live 
and  turn  out  untrue  to 
name,  necessitating  years 
of  labor  and  expense 
for  nothing.  Then,  too, 
there  is  the  question  of 
price;  the  tree  agent 
comes  around  and  offers 
a  cherry  tree  for  a  dol¬ 
lar  ;  some  catalogue  firm 
claims  to  have  the  same 
thing  for  sale  at  20  cents. 

Usually  people  buy 
wherever  they  can  get  trees  at  the  cheapest  price,  and 
the  result  re  that  irresponsible  dealers  are  in  the  nur¬ 
sery  business  who  take  advantage  of  the  general  lack 
of  information  on  the  part  of  buyers,  and  sell  large 
quantities  of  trees  at  low  prices,  with  little  or  no  re¬ 
gard  to  their  real  value  as  long  as  the  name  on  the 


DIGGING  TREES  IN  A  WESTERN  NEW  YORK  NURSERY.  Fig.  445. 


A  CLOSER  VIEW  OF  TFIE  NURSERY  TREE  DIGGER.  Fig.  446. 

men,  and  the  whole  profession  suffers  as  a  result. 

Every  fruit  grower  should  select  his  nursery  firm 
with  as  much  care  as  he  would  an  insurance  society; 
and  a  personal  visit  to'  the  section  where  the  trees 
are  growing  and  a  talk  with  the  men  who  are  doing 
the  work  ought  to  be  the  aim  of  every  man  who  in- 


from  whom  they  are 
bought!  Years  of  labor, 
use  of  land,  and  skilled 
attention  are  often  ab¬ 
solutely  thrown  away, 
when  it  develops  that 
the  trees  in  the  orchard 
are  not  at  all  what  they 
were  supposed  to  be 
when  planted.  We  all 
know  that  the  best  way 
to  get  at  the  real  status 
of  a  man  is  to  go  to  his 
home  town  and  talk 
with  his  neighbors.  This 
is  particularly  true  with 
reference  to  a  nursery 
firm.  How  simple  a  thing 
it  is  for  a  prospective 
fruit  tree  planter  to  pay 
a  personal  visit  to  some 
large  nursery  center, 
meet  the  men  who  ac¬ 
tually  grow  the  trees, 
and  give  a  little  care 
and  thought  in  buying 
to  the  best  advantage. 
In  this  way,  he  elimin¬ 
ates  the  commission  man 
entirely,  and  the  money 
actually-  saved  in  the 
first  cost  of  the  trees 
will  more  than  pay  the 
expense  of  even  a  long 
journey.  For  instance,  if 
a  personal  visitation  of 
this  nature  were  made 
in  the  month  of  October 
or  early  part  of  Novem¬ 
ber  to  the  world  famous 
valley  of  the  Genesee 
in  western  New  York, 
the  man  who  made  it 
would  come  away  with 
an  entirely  new  im¬ 
pression  of  the  nursery 
business,  if  he  had  never 
been  to  a  nursery  be¬ 
fore;  and,  out  of  the 
two  or  three  hundred 
firms  that  are  doing 
business  in  that  great 
valley,  formerly  the  bed 
of  a  lake,  he  would  have 
no  difficulty  in  selecting 
some  firm  on  whom  he 
could  rely  for  first-class 
trees.  There  are  other 
nursery  centers  in  the 
country,  but  the  Genesee 
Valley  is  mentioned  be¬ 
cause  it  is  one  of  the 
most  important  fruit  tree  growing  regions  of  the 
North. 

At  this  season  of  the  year  a  visitor  would  find 
the  nurserymen  busily  engaged  in  digging"  trees.  Now 
there  is  hardly  a  phase  of  fruit  tree  culture  that 
needs  to  be  more  fully  explained  to  the  planter  than 


mo 

just  how  and  when  fruit  trees  are  dug  in  the  nur¬ 
sery.  This  statement  may  seem  somewhat  over¬ 
drawn  at  first  thought,  but  not  so  when  looked  at 
from  the  viewpoint  of  a  practical  nurseryman  who 
sees  the  process  of  a  tree’s  development  from  the 
seedling  to  the  orchard  in  fruit.  Digging  up  the 
tree  and  sending  it  from  the  nursery  to  the  orchard 
is  the  worst  shock  a  tree  gets  in  its  whole  natural 
life  history.  It  was  the  custom  a  few  years  ago  to 
get  out  fruit  trees  with  large  spades.  Trenches  were 
thrown  up  on  either  side  of  the  nursery  row  and  the 
tree  pried  loose  with  big  spades.  Four  men  usually 
did  the  work,  two  to  pull  on  the  tree,  and  two  to 
pry  with  the  spades.  This  method  is  attended  with 
considerable  damage  to  the  roots,  especially  if  the 
ground  should  happen  to  be  dry  and  hard,  as  is 

often  the  case  in  the  Fall.  The  advent  of  the  tree 
digger  has  been  a  great  boon  to  nurserymen  for  it 
has  decreased  the  cost  of  harvesting  the  crop  very 
considerably,  and  increased  by  a  large  proportion  the 
number  of  trees  having  their  root  system  preserved 
complete  in  the  process  of  digging. 

The  make  of  the  tree  digger  is  simple.  It  con¬ 
sists  of  a  big  scoop  in  the  form  of  a  semicircle,  that 
goes  down  under  the  roots,  and  is  pulled  along 

through  the  row  like  a  plow,  with  suitable  wheels  so 
as  to  set  it  shallow  or  deep.  Anywhere  from  12  to 
20  horses  are  required  to  draw  it.  It  will  work  in 
ground  that  is  quite  stony,  the  only  difficulty  being 
that  it  is  sometimes  apt  to  be  thrown  up  by  a  stone 
and  ruin  a  number  of  trees  by  cutting  them  off  just 
below  the  collar.  Fig.  445  shows  a  tree  digger  at 

work  running  under  a  block  of  standard  pears  in 

some  rather  stiff  ground  on  one  of  the  hillsides  of 
the  Genesee  Valley.  The  nurseryman  in  the  fore¬ 
ground  is  holding  up  a  Duchess  two-year-old  standard 
I_ear  that  has  just  been  run  under  by  the  digger. 
Down  the  rows  are  14  horses  attached  to  the  machine, 
and  they  move  along  about  as  fast  as  a  man  would 
go  cultivating  with  one  horse.  Notice  from  the  pho¬ 
tograph  that  the  leaves  are  still  on  the  trees,  al¬ 
though  they  are  being  run  under  by  the  digger.  It 
is  by  no  means  certain  that  this  is  the  best  thing 
to  do.  Undoubtedly  it  would  be  better  to  strip  them 
of  their  leaves  for  digging,  so  as  to  ward  off  any 
danger  of  their  shriveling,  but  this  block  is  in¬ 
tended  for  late  shipment  to  the  cold  storage  plants 
of  retail  nurserymen,  and  the  growers  find  it  cheaper 
to  run  the  digger  under  them  and  wait  for  the  leaves 
to  fall  off  before  pulling  them  up  for  shipment.  How¬ 
ever,  it  would  be  better  to  strip  their  leaves  before 
disturbing  the  trees  in  any  way. 

In  these  days  of  modern  cold  storage  plants,  very 
few  trees  intended  for  Spring  delivery  to  planters 
are  left  in  the  ground  over  Winter,  for  it  is  cheaper 
to  pack  them  in  a  frost-proof  storage  plant  where 
they  may  be  handled  during  the  Winter  months  and 
an  exact  count  taken  of  the  trees  on  hand.  This  is 
an  important  item  to  remember:  the  wholesale  nur¬ 
serymen  very  seldom  leave  a  tree  in  the  ground  for 
Spring  digging  unless  the  market  is  dull  and  they 
can  find  no  sale  in  the  Fall  at  the  retail  houses  for 
the  varieties  they  have.  Without  going  into  the  ques¬ 
tion  of  the  value  of  cold  storage  trees,  it  is  at  least 
certain  that  the  man  Avho  concludes  that  Spring  plant¬ 
ing  is  best  and  waits  till  March  or  April  before  plac¬ 
ing  his  order  has  no  assurance  that  he  will  not  get 
trees  that  were  dug  up  the  previous  October.  It 
would  be  interesting  to  hear  the  report  of  an  honest 
experiment  made  to  determine  the  relative  value  of 
cold  storage  trees  and  trees  planted  when  fresh  dug. 
Until  such  exact  data  are  at  hand,  it  would  not  do  to 
condemn  cold  storage  trees  outright;  but,  when 
everything  is  said,  nature’s  method  is  usually  the 
best,  and  the  nearer  we  can  follow  it,  the  more  sure 
we  are  of  results.  Everybody  knows  that  a  tree’s 
natural  home  is  outdoors  with  its  roots  in  the  ground. 

Tree  digging  therefore  plays  an  important  part  in 
the  nursery  problem.  When  all  the  trees  are  stored 
this  Winter,  the  tree  agents  will  get  busy  selling  the 
kinds  that  their  companies  have  in  surplus.  At  least 
they  will  do  so  if  they  are  working  for  a  reliable 
house  that  makes  a  distinction  between  kinds.  The 
catalogue  firms,  on  the  other  hand,  must  wait  till 
March  for  the  bulk  of  their  orders,  and  that  is  why 
even  reliable  firms  are  forced  to  substitute  who  do 
business  through  catalogue.  People  wait  till  Spring 
to  order,  and  the  nurseryman  has  to  guess  what  va¬ 
rieties  they  will  want  in  making  provision  ahead  of 
time  for  them.  martin  j.  king,  jr. 

In  Berlin  balloons  are  used  for  advertising.  They  sail 
by  night  throwing  transparencies  or  moving  pictures  upon 
a  sheet. 

Western  Kansas  has  been  holding  meetings  in  honor  of 
Kaffir  corn.  During  the  past  drought  this  crop  saved  that 
section  by  providing  stock  food  when  corn  dried  up. 

The  latest  .case  put  up  to  Dr.  Alexander  is  a  polled 
cow  reported  to  have  “hollow  horn.”  It  seems  that  one 
result  of  catarrh  is  taken  for  this  disease.  It  is  more 
often  due  to  hollow  stomach. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

SUBMERGED  OUTLET  FOR  DRAIN. 

I  desire  to  tile-drain  all  parts  of  a  20-acre  field,  but 
it  is  so  situated  at  its  lowest  point  as  not  to  permit  of 
an  outlet  at  the  drain  level.  Are  submerged  outlets 
practicable?  The  elevation  of  three-fourths  of  this  field 
is  such  that  it  would  force  its  own  drainage  to  the  sur¬ 
face  at  the  end  of  the  main  drain.  The  outflow  would 
run  off  in  neighboring  property.  In  such  a  case  as  this 
cited  would  not  the  drainage  from  the  higher  levels  be 
as  complete  as  if  an  outlet  was  had  at  the  main  drain 
level  at  its  lowest  point?  Would  not  the  movement  of 
water  from  the  higher  levels  so  long  as  it  continued 
serve  to  carry  with  it  to  the  outlet  at  least  a  part  of  the 
drainage  from  the  lower  levels,  thus  making  this  lower 
part  of  the  system  measurably  effective  also?  It  is  pro¬ 
posed  to  end  tho  main  drain  line  in  a  built-up  silt  basin 
made  of  brick  or.  concrete.  a.  h. 

Flushing,  N.  Y. 

“Submerged  outlets”  are  practicable,  but  the  ef¬ 
fective  head  of  the  drain  is  diminished  by  the  height 
above  its  outlet  that  the  water  must  rise  to  flow 
away,  and  the  line  of  soil  saturation  extends  back 
on  a  level  until  it  intersects  the  drain,  or  in  other 
words  all  soil  lower  than  the  level  of  the  outflow 
of  your  silt-basin  will  not  be  drained.  For  this  rea¬ 
son  have  the  outflow  of  your  basin  as  low  as  possible. 
Better  put  some  work  into  an  open  ditch  here  and 
have  a  topographical  survey  of  the  low  part  of  the 
field  so  as  to  know  just  where  you  are  at  the  com¬ 
mencement.  Unless  your  outlet  basin  is  a  large  one, 
it  would  be  advisable  to  give  the  wall  opposite  the 
drain  outlet  an  out-slope  of  one  to  one  to  avoid  the 
buffer  effect  that  a  vertical  wall  would  have  if  close 


to  the  discharge  of  the  pipe.  Perhaps  the  accompany¬ 
ing  sketch,  Fig.  ’47,  will  explain  the  whole  situation 
plainer  than  words  can.  j.  f.  van  schoonhoven. 


GOOD  NEW  PEACHES  FROM  TEXAS. 

I  was  quite  interested  in  what  Mr.  C.  A.  Hyatt 
of  the  Hudson  Valley  has  to  say  as  regards  a  good 
market  peach  needed  to  follow  Elberta,  page  970. 
You  people  up  North  evidently  have  never  gotten 
acquainted  with  the  Bell’s  October  peach,  or  else  you 
would  not  mention  Salway  as  desirable.  This  peach 
ripens  at  same  time  with  Salway  and  is  a  decided 
improvement  over  it,  inasmuch  as  it  is  of  better 
quality,  better  color  and  smoother  outlines.  It  is 
also  a  freestone  and  has  not  the  deep  crease  on 
side  and  stem  cavity  that  Salway  has.  In  size  it 
is  full  up  to  if  not  larger  than  Salway.  In  sections 
where  the  brown  rot  prevails,  experience  goes  to 
prove  that  the  smoother  the  fruit  the  less  rot,  be¬ 
cause  these  very  rot  spores  find  always  an  easy  lodg¬ 
ment  on  a  fuzzy,  uneven  surface.  Thus  we  find  our 
most  rot  specks  in  either  the  stem  cavity  ’or  in  the 
crease  on  the  side,  or  both.  Hence,  a  peach  of  smooth 
outlines  is  of  greatest  importance.  Elberta  fills  this 
bill  to  a  very  great  extent,  just  the  same  as  does 
Bell’s  October,  and  for  this  very  reason  those  two 
were  selected  by  the  writer  over  15  years  ago  as 
the  parents  of  a  desirable  new  race  of  peaches  tluif 
would  furnish  fine  market  fruit  after  the  Elberta  is 
out.  Indeed,  we  have  too  many  varieties  already, 
that  is,  “such  as  they  are,”  but  not  near  enough  “such 
as  they  ought  to  be.” 

I  planted  my  first  Elberta  trees  in  Winter  of  1884. 
I  had  at  that  time  about  100  distinct  varieties  as  a 
test  orchard  on  place.  To  be  sure,  many  of  them 
proved  worthless,  but,  being  a  pioneer  in  this  busi¬ 
ness  here,  it  had  to  be  found  out  which  was  which. 
Out  of  this  whole  lot  there  were  not  more  than 
about  15  from  first  to  last  that  were  desirable  for 
market.  Thurber,  Picquet’s  Late,  Salway,  Bell  and 
Levy  were  the  ones  after  Elberta  that  paid.  For 
earlier  we  had  Amsden,  Alexander,  Rivers,  Tillot- 
son,  Hale’s  Early,  etc.,  every  one  of  which  being 
inferior  to  Early  Victor,  Swan,  Early  Wheeler  and 
Carman  of  to-day.  While  even  15  years  ago  Elberta 
was  by  far  the  best  of  its  season,  they,  however, 
never  brought-  as  much  money  as  did  the  inferior 
Thurber,  about  10  days  later;  this  for  the  reason 
that  ripening  with  Elberta  we  had  at  that  time  quite 
a  number  of  other  good  peaches,  such  as  Mountain 
Rose,  Oldmixon  Free  and  Oldmixon  Cling,  Gen.  Lee, 
Chinese  Cling,  etc.,  that  usually  supplied  the  markets 
without  the  Elberta.  To-day  the  majority  of  our 
great  orchards  have  nothing  in  them  besides  a  few 
earlier  ones  than  Elberta.  Thus  it  happens  that  many 
of  our  Texas  markets  are  bare  of  peaches  (that  is, 
home  grown)  after  Elbertas  are  out.  Does  it  not 
appear  from  this  that  there  would  be  room  for  a 
few  real  good  ones  to  follow  Elberta?  This  is  ex- 


November  is, 

actly  what  I  thought  when  starting  my  experiments 
crossing  Elberta  with  Bell  in  order  to  get  more,  as 
good  as  either  parent,  and  ripening  between  the  two. 
I  succeeded  in  producing  several,  all  yellow,  of  fine 
quality  and  size,  both  clings  and  freestones,  that 
appear  after  bearing  a  number  of  crops  to  fill  the 
bill.  The  R.  N.-Y.  has  been  kind  enough  to  inform 
its  readers  of  my  years  of  labor  on  several  occasions. 
On  page  767,  1909,  you  give  an  illustration  of  one 
of  these  new  seedlings.  This  very  tree  has  since 
borne  two  crops  more.  This  past  season  it  bore  very 
full  when  there  were  but  few  peaches,  not  even  a 
single  Elberta  on  place.  It  gets  ripe  a  full  week  after 
Elberta.  In  a  number  of  respects  this  tree  is  a 
wonder.  The  first  year  from  seed  it  grew  fully  six 
feet  in  height,  forming  quite  a  number  of  fruit  buds 
at  the  top.  In  trimming  some  of  them  were  left, 
and  to  my  surprise  two  peaches  were  produced  on  a 
seedling  20  months  after  planting  of  seeds.  This  was 
in  1904,  and  ever  since  this  tree  has  not  failed  once 
to  produce  a  crop,  even  in  years  of  total  failures  with 
other  varieties.  I  have  shown  it  this  year  at  our 
farmers’  congress  at  College  Station,  where  it  at¬ 
tracted  a  great  deal  of  attention,  being  not  only  fine 
but  also  the  only  peaches  present.  It  has  been  named 
“Frank,”  for  a  friend,  publisher  of  a  good  farm 
paper.  Following  the  Frank  in  rotation  of  ripening 
there  are  yet  several  sisters  (freestone),  highly  col¬ 
ored,  of  fine  quality,  that  fully  cover  the  time  up  to 
September  1  in  this  latitude.  From  the  foregoing  it 
may  be  assumed  that  some  day  in  the  future  our 
planters  will  have  a  better  line  of  varieties  to  select 
from  than  has  ever  been  possible  to  any  of  us  in 
the  past.  j.  w.  stubenrauch. 

Texas. 


THE  STORY  OF  A  COMMISSION  MAN. 

I  would  like  to  tell  my  experience  with  one  of  the 
Boston  commission  merchants.  I  have  a  farm  in 
New  Flampshire,  which  I  bought  a  few  years  ago, 
and  I  am  trying  to  make  it  pay,  although  I  do  not 
live  on  it,  but  near  Boston.  This  Fall  I  shipped 
three  barrels  of  apples  to  a  commission  house  which 
I  knew,  and  after  a  few  days  I  received  returns  from 
them  stating  they  had  sold  my  apples  for  $1.25  per 
barrel  and  charged  me  25  cents  per  barrel  commis- 
,  sion,  netting  me  $1  per  barrel,  or  $3  for  three  barrels. 
With  the  check  and  statement  a  circular  was  put  in 
giving  prices  for  all  kinds  of  produce,  and  the  price 
quoted  for  apples  like  mine  was  $2  to  $2.50  per 
barrel.  The  next  day  I  went  by  this  house  and  saw 
my  three  barrels  of  apples  on  the  sidewalk  with  my 
tag  and  marks  on  them.  I  had  a  friend  go  and  price 
these  particular  barrels  and  he  reported  to  me  that 
they  asked  $3  per  barrel.  I  then  had  another  party 
go  with  instructions  to  buy  a  barrel  and  beat  them 
down  as  low  as  he  could,  and  he  came  back  with  a 
receipted  bill  showing  he  had  bought  a  barrel  for 
$2.50,  and  the  barrel  was  taken  away,  which  still  had 
my  mark  on  it,  showing  that  it  was  my  barrel.  I 
then  went  to  a  certain  party  and  asked  what  I  should 
do.  I  wanted  to  advertise  this  man  and  was  askecf 
to  wait  a  day  until  he  could  see  the  commission  man. 
As  my  office  was  not  far  away,  in  about  an  hour  I 
was  called  upon  and  told  that  a  mistake  was  made 
in  making  returns  to  me  and  they  wanted  to  fix  it 
up.  I  asked  the  dealer  if  he  had  noticed  a  mistake 
before  the  other  party  had  called  his  attention  to  it, 
and  he  could  say  nothing,  only  that  it  was  a  mistake. 
I  told  him  he  had  made  his  returns  to  me  and  that 
there  was  nothing  to  fix  up,  but  the  next  day  I  re¬ 
ceived  a  corrected  statement,  stating  that  two  barrels 
had  been  sold  for  $2.50  per  barrel  and  one  barrel  for 
$2,  and  check  to  cover  the  balance.  The  next  day  I 
looked  over  his  stand  and  found  apples  just  like  mine 
in  peach  baskets,  and  had  a  friend  inquire  the  price, 
which  was  65  cents  per  basket ;  apples  still  going  up. 
How  could  he  give  me  returns  before  apples  were 
sold  ? 

Is  there  any  wonder  why  apples  are  rotting  back 
in  the  country,  when  so  many  people  would  be  glad 
of  them?  This  commission  man  did  not  connect  the 
name  from  New  Hampshire  with  one  who  is  in  busi¬ 
ness  in  Boston,  but  I  have  the  papers,  facts,  etc.,  and 
now  what  can  be  done?  a.  o.  s 

R.  N.-Y. — It  is  an  old  trick,  though  this  man  was 
bolder  than  usual.  Returns  are  often  made  at  “mar¬ 
ket  prices,”  but  the  apples  will  not  be  sold  or  de¬ 
livered  at  all.  In  some  cases  they  are  sorted  and 
sold  in  small  packages  for  three  times  the  price  given 
the  shipper.  In  other  cases  they  are  “sold”  to  some 
friend  or  confederate  at  a  low  figure,  and  then  sold 
again  for  twice  the  price  which  would  appear  on  the 
commission  man’s  books.  The  Collin  bill,  before  the 
last  New  York  Legislature,  tried  to  prevent  this 
scheme.  Our  friend  is  situated  so  he  can  expose  such 
a  fraud,  but  what  possible  chance  can  a  farmer  back 
among  the  hills  have  against  any  such  game? 


1911. 


THE  RURAt  NEW  .YORKER 


1111 


A  SEEDLESS  PEAR. 

I  send  you  a  few  specimens  of  a  new  coreless  and 
seedless  pear  which  originated  here  at  my  place.  It 
is  the  only  variety  that  bore  any  this  season,  there 
being  a  freeze  here  in  the  early  part  of  last  May 


A  VIRGINIA  CORELESS  PEAR.  Fig.  448. 

which  killed  all  other  sorts.  The  thermometer  regis¬ 
tered  2 7° ;  however,  this  variety  carried  its  fruit 
through.  w.  H.  DUNIGAN. 

Tazewell  Co.,  Va. 

R.  N.-Y. — A  section  of  this  pear  is  pictured  in 
Fig.  448,  which  shows  its  seedless  character.  We 
were  much  pleased  with  it ;  it  was  an  attractive 
fruit  of  excellent  flavor  and  rich,  buttery  texture. 
The  specimen  figured  was  fully  ripe  September  27. 
Mr.  Dunigan’s  experience  would  show  it  to  be  very 
hardy  in  bloom.  _ 

THE  MAINE  DIRECT  PRIMARY. 

I  think  it  would  amuse  you  if  you  could  see  the  way 
the  politicians  are  beginning  to  growl  over  our  new  pri¬ 
mary  law  already.  All  the  stand-pat  papers  are  throwing 
fits,  and  nobody  seems  to  know  where  he  is  at.  I  notice 
that  California  did  a  few  things  last  Tuesday  also.  Ap¬ 
parently  they  don’t  take  Taft's  anti-recall  advice  very 
seriously.  M.  G. 

Maine. 

They  will  find  where  they  “are  at”  when  they  have 
a  primary  election  with  some  vital  question  at  stake. 
The  Maine  law  appears  to  be  worth  while.  The  New 
York  primary  law  as  it  stands  will  be  of  little  value. 
It  is,  however,  a  start,  and  will  not  he  repealed  but 
will  be  strengthened  until  we  get  what  we  need.  The 
California  voters  want  the  power  to  “recall”  all  pub¬ 
lic  servants  who  do  not  serve  the  people.  The  feel¬ 
ing  throughout  the  West  is  that  the  great  corpora¬ 
tions  have  used  both  law  and  judges  for  their  own 
private  ends.  If  they  had  not  done  . so  there  would 
have  been  little  demand  for  any  “recall.”  The  West¬ 
ern  people  feel  that  the  great  corporations  have  al¬ 
ready  done  more  to  discredit  the  courts  by  the  use  of 
money  than  the  people  can  possibly  do  through  the 
“recall.”  The  very  people  who  are  most  frantic 
against  “recall”  are  most  responsible  for  the  demand. 

APPLE  TREES  AND  ROOTS. 

The  pictures  of  young  apple  and  peach  trees  in  the 
issue  of  October  21  are  very  interesting,  and  without 
differing  from  the  statements  made  in  regard  to  these, 
I  would  like  to  add  some  ideas  from  my  own  experi¬ 
ence.  In  the  first  place  if  I  were  buying  trees  I  would 
not  take  the  two  and  three-year  trees  shown  in  Fig. 
407,  because  they  have  too  much  stem,  and  at  that 
age  I  could  not  cut  them  back  to  where  I  would  want 
to  start  the  head.  In  fact  I  do  not  want  a  tree  with 
the  head  started  in  the  nursery,  and  hence  would  never 
plant  any  but  yearling  trees. 

Then,  as  to  the  roots.  The  tree  No.  2  certainly  has 
a  better  developed  root  system  than  No.  1,  but  the 
fact  that  it  has  fibres  is  of  little  or  no  moment,  for 
no  matter  how  carefully  the  tree  is  lifted,  the  small 
fibres  and  the  root  hairs  will  be  dried  up  and  lost,  and 
the  tree  has  to  -make  new  ones,  and  it  will  make 
these  more  readily  from  smoothly  pruned  roots  than 
from  the  old  fibres  even  if  they  are  not  entirely  dead. 
Then,  too,  the  root  system  of  the  tree  is  what  the  tops 
make,  for  every  variety  of  apple  makes  its  own  pecul¬ 
iar  root  system.  You  may  work  a  number  of  varie¬ 
ties  all  on  crab  seedlings,  and  every  one  of  them  will 
develop  the  root  system  of  the  variety,  for  the  leaves 
of  the  tree  are  the  laboratory  in  which  the  material 
for  growth  is  elaborated.  Any  experienced  nursery¬ 
man  knows  how  varieties  of  trees  differ  in  this  respect. 
You  can  easily  pull  up  a  yearling  Albermarle  Pippin 


with  one  hand,  but  you  will  have  a  job  to  do  it  with  a 
yearling  Roxbury  Russet  or  Northern  Spy.  The  slow 
root  development  is  always  associated  with  the  slow 
growth  of  the  variety  and  vice  versa.  In  planting 
a  tree  I  always  prune  the  roots  all  around,  cutting 
with  a  sharp  knife  a  sloping  cut  on  the  under  side, 
and  when  ready  for  planting  the  roots  are  not  more 
than  six  inches  long  from  the  stem  all  around.  Then 
I  head  back  the  yearling  to  20  inches  from  the  ground, 
cutting  to  a  bud,  and  take  that  bud  and  three  more 
below  it  as  the  foundation  of  the  future  head  of  the 
tree.  In  these  days  of  spraying  we  must  have  low¬ 
headed  trees,  and  not  only  for  this  but  for  gathering 
the  fruit  and  safety  from  the  wind,  the  low-headed 
tree  is  the  best.  Then  when  they  get  loaded  with 
sleet  or  snow  the  ground  will  catch  the  limbs  before 
they  can  be  broken,  as  I  have  seen  exemplified.  Of 
course  no  one  plants  peach  trees  at  any  other  age 
than  one  year  from  the  bud,  and  I  prefer  these  of 
moderate  size  grown  in  fairly  fertile  soil  to  overgrown 
ones  in  very  rich  land.  The  statement  at  foot  of  the 
illustration  of  the  crooked  peach  tree  may  mislead 
some  who  will  not  see  that  it  is  a  misprint  of  pear  for 
poor,  for  of  course  no  peach  grows  on  a  pear  root. 

Maryland.  _  w.  F.  massey. 

LIVE  STOCK  PICTURES. 

The  red  heifer  shown  at  Fig.  449  certainly  has  no 
apparent  reason  for  regret.  Still,  it  is  doubtful  if 
she  appreciates  the  fact  that  a  good  share  of  our 
readers  would  willingly  change  places  with  her. 
That  is  the  way  good  family  cows  are  made,  how¬ 
ever,  for  good  cattle  respond  to  care  and  petting. 
The  contrast  between  the  treatment  this  animal  re¬ 


WHO  WOULD  NOT  BE  A  RED  HEIFER?  Fig.  449. 

ceives  and  the  life  of  the  scrub  turned  out  to  chase 
herself  around  a  straw  stack  is  striking. 


The  boar  shown  at  Fig.  450  is  a  Mule-foot,  or 
one  of  the  solid  hoofed  animals  now  being  offered 
as  a  distinct  breed.  This  one  is  owned  by  J.  H.' 
Dunlop,  the  Ohio  breeder.  Many  superior  qualities 
are  claimed  for  the  Mule-foots.  At  first  it  was  said 
they  were  immune  to  hog  cholera,  as  the  claim  was 
that  the  disease  may  enter  the  system  through  the- 
feet.  Breeders  now  seem  to  have  wisely  abandoned 
these  claims.  The  hogs  are  good  and  the  solid  foot 
is  an  advantage  under  some  conditions.  We  would 
not  let  that  boy  stand  so  close  to  any  boar  with  an 
ear  of  corn.  We  have  known  hogs  to  reach  up 
suddenly  and  knock  children  over,  often  doing  seri¬ 
ous  damage.  Keep  children  away  from  bulls  and  boars. 


THE  PUBLIC  MARKET  IN  ILLINOIS. 

Decatur  is  the  county  seat  of  Macon  County  and 
is  a  live,  progressive  and  rapidly  growing  manufac¬ 
turing  city  of  about  30,000  population.  Urged  to 
action  by  the  high  cost  of  the  necessaries  of  life,  and 
encouraged  by  the  efforts  of  the  citizens  of  some 
other  towns  who  were  attracting  attention  in  their 
efforts  to  reduce  household  expenses,  there  arose  a 
clamor  among  the  people  a  few  weeks  ago  for  a 
public  market.  Be  it  known  that  our  wideawake 
and  up  to  date  county  seat  is  under  the  commission 
form  of  government.  The  citizens  want  all  the  good 
things  that  are  known  to  our  present-day  civilization, 
and  the  mayor  and  the  commissioners  were  selected 
with  the  idea  of  getting  men  who  would  do  every¬ 
thing  within  their  power  for  the  best  interests  of  all 


the  people.  So  when  the  demand  was  made  for  a 
public  market,  they  immediately  turned  a  listening 
ear,  and  at  once  got  busy.  They  communicated  with 
other  cities  of  about  the  same  size  having  public  mar¬ 
kets  and  secured  what  information  they  could  as  to 
how  they  were  managed  and  to  what  extent  they 
benefited  the  people.  Then  they  decided  to  try  it. 

The  public  press  was  used  in  a  discussion  of  the 
subject,  and  the  opinions  and  suggestions  of  some 
of  the  writers  were  both  interesting  and  amusing. 
Some  thought  a  building  should  be  erected  at  once, 
and  one  man  said  it  couldn’t  be  done  for  less  than 
$50,000.  This  was  thought  too  much  money  to  in¬ 
vest  in  an  experiment,  and  that  it  was  then  too  late 
in  the  season  to  accomplish  much,  anyhow.  It  had 
been  a  bad  season  for  gardeners  and  farmers  alike, 
and  they  didn’t  think  there  would  be  much  to  bring 
in.  It  was  argued,  too,  that  farmers  would  not  take 
the  trouble  to  bring  stuff  in ;  that  they  had  not  ac¬ 
quired  the  peddling  habit,  and  that  they  wouldn’t 
“take  to  it.”  The  mayor  settled  all  this  by  saying 
that  they  would  give  it  a  trial  for  a  while  without 
going  to  the  expense  of  putting  up  a  building;  that 
a  certain  street,  or  the  side  of  a  certain  block,  would 
be  devoted  to  the  use  of  those  having  anything  to 
sell,  and  that  the  wagons  could  be  backed  up  to 
the  curb,  and  under  the  oversight  of  a  “market  man,” 
hired  for  the  purpose,  the  farmers  and  gardeners 
could  sell  their  produce  on  certain  days  and  between 
certain  hours,  to  be  determined  upon.  It  was  finally 
decided  to  open  up  for  business  on  Tuesday  morning 
at  six  o’clock,  and  every  day  thereafter,  except  Sun¬ 
day,  closing  at  12  o’clock,  noon. 

On  the  morning  in  question  men  and  women  with 
baskets  on  their  arms  began  to  assemble  quite  early 
and  the  “market  man”  was  on  hand  to  boss  the  job; 
but  not  a  solitary  wagon  was  on  hand  at  six  o’clock. 
Seven  o’clock,  then  eight  o’clock,  came,  and  still  no 
“producers”  in  sight.  “Consumers”  came  and  went, 
and  there  was  disconsolation  written  on  the  faces  of 
many.  Others  were  hopeful,  and  argued  that  it  was 
a  new  thing  and  the  farmers  couldn’t  get  in  so  early. 
Nine  o’clock  came  and  the  crowd  sent  up  a  shout  as 
a  wagon  pulled  in  and  backed  up  to  the  curb.  Then 
another,  and  another,  and  in  a  short  time  six  wagons 
were  in  line,  and  the  people  were  swarming  up  over 
the  sides  and  asking  what  they  had,  and  what  they 
wanted  for  it.  Most  of  them  had  apples  and  poultry, 
and  in  a  few  minutes  they  were  swamped  with  busi¬ 
ness.  It  took  but  a  short  time  to  close  out  their 
loads,  and  all  expressed  themselves  as  well  pleased, 
and  promised  to  “come  again.”  The  following  morn¬ 
ing  there  were  more  wagons,  and  they  got  in  earlier. 
The  number  increased  every  day,  and  last  Saturday 
morning,  less  than  two  weeks  after  the  market  was 
opened,  60  wagons  were  backed  up  to  the  curb,  and 
the  most  doubting  mind  had  to  confess  that  the  thing 
looked  very  much  like  a  great  success.  At  the  close 
of  the  first  week  the  city  officials  decided  on  two 
things;  that  three  market  days  per  week  were  suffi¬ 
cient,  and  that  a  shed  of  some  kind  for  the  protec¬ 
tion  of  the  wagons  and  the  people  was  a  necessity. 
They  decided  that  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Satur¬ 
days  should  be  the  market  days,  and  that  the  hours 
should  be  from  4  a.  m.  till  8  p.  m.  Men  were  em¬ 
ployed  to  commence  work  on  a  shed  on  Monday 
morning,  extending  along  one  side  of  the  block,  with 
a  hood  reaching  out  over  the  sidewalk  for  the  pro¬ 
tection  of  the  people.  The  work  has  been  completed, 
and  everything  is  now  running  smoothly.  Farmers 
come  with  produce  as  far  as  27  miles,  though  the  ma¬ 
jority  do  not  drive  over  six  or  eight  miles.  A  great 
variety  of  salable  stuff  is  taken,  from  apples  and 
poultry  to  home-made  sausage  and  pumpkin  pies. 
There  is  a  great  demand  for  fresh  meat ;  and  the 
last  few  days  large  quantities  of  fresh  pork  have  been 
offered.  There  is  a  great  scramble  for  spareribs  and 
backbones,  and  there  is  never  enough  to  go  around. 

Is  it  benefiting  the  fanners?  They  are  getting, 
two  cents  per  pound  more  for  live  poultry  than 
they  can  get  from  dealers;  they  have  disposed  of 


A  MULE-FOOT  HOG.  Fig.  450. 


several  hundred  bushels  of  apples  that  would  have 
gone  to  waste ;  they  are  getting  more  for  their  pork ; 
and  there  is  being  built  up  a  trade  directly  with  the 
consumer  that  will  mean  much  to  them  in  the  future, 
when  they  are  better  able  to  supply  it  with  what  it 
demands  than  they  are  now.  j.  c.  nicholls. 

Macon  Co.,  111. 


Alia 


THE  KUKAL  NEW-YORKER 


November  18, 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[  Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
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Pu'  questions  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper.] 


Transplanting  Wild  Blackberries. 

E.  V.  H.,  Brownstown,  Ind. — I  am  going 
to  set  out  a  patch  of  blackberries  to  cul¬ 
tivate  ;  Would  wild  berries  from  choice 
patch  in  old  field  do  as  well  under  cultiva¬ 
tion  as  the  kinds  taken  from  cultivated 
plots? 

Ans. — We  do  not  recommend  this 
practice;  better  plant  good  varieties  of 
cultivated  plants.  A  Connecticut  reader 
who  tried  this  told  us  several  years  ago 
that  under  cultivation  the  wild  briers 
gave  a  lot  of  fruit,  but  of  inferior  size 
and  quality.  A  California  experimenter 
wrote  us  that  he  had  transplanted  many 
briers  from  his  orchard  in  the  hope  of 
getting  a  natural  cross  of  Mammoth 
Black  -  and  Logan  or  Phenomenal,  but 
had  never  succeeded.  An  Ohio  corre¬ 
spondent  says  that  he  has  secured  some 
good  plants  in  this  way.  But  it  must 
be  remembered  that  such  plantings  are 
experimental ;  for  an  assured  crop  of 
uniform  fruit,  cultivated  sorts  must  be 
used. 


Making  Mushroom  Spawn. 

.7.  B.  /?.,  Baltimore,  Md.—l  have  learned 
to  grow  mushrooms  successfully  in  Winter, 
but  cannot  make  my  own  spawn.  Can 
you  help  me?  I  should  like  to  be  able  to 
put  it  up  in  brick  form  such  as  can  be 
found  at  seed  stores. 

Ans. — Mushroom  spawn,  or  myce¬ 
lium,  shows  in  the  form  of  numerous 
line  white  threads  ramifying  in  the 
ground  in  which  mushrooms  are  grown. 
It  will  keep  for  a  long  time  in  a  cool 
dry  place,  but  dryness  is  essential.  The 
bricks  in  which  English  spawn  is  incor- 
.porated  are  a  mixture  of  horse  manure, 
cow  manure  and  loam,  which  Is  thor¬ 
oughly  mixed  and  moistened  until  like 
mortar.  This  is  spread  out  until  it  be¬ 
gins  to  dry,  when  it  is  cut  into  bricks. 
While  the  brick  is  still  moist  a  hole 
the  size  of  a  walnut  is  made  in  it,  and 
fresh  mycelium  from  a  place  where 
mushrooms  are  growing  is  inserted. 
The  brick  is  then  placed  in  a  mild  hot¬ 
bed  or  otherwise  under  cover,  where 
with  proper  conditions  the  spawn 
spreads  all  through  it,  until  the  brick 
has  a  grayish  cloudy  look.  It  is  then 
dried  and  stored.  What  is  called  “vir¬ 
gin  spawn, ’’  however,  is  made  by  in¬ 
oculating  the  material  of  which  the 
bricks  are  made  with  the  spores  from 
the  gills  of  ripe  mushrooms.  It  is  be¬ 
lieved  by  expert  growers  that  the  con¬ 
tinuous  use  of  mycelium  tends  in  time 
to  cause  smaller  crops  and  thin-fleshed 
mushrooms.  Everyone  who  has  grown 
mushrooms  under  the  benches  of  a 
greenhouse  has  had  experience  with 
volunteer  mushrooms  of  extra  quality 
which  appear  occasionally,  doubtless 
from  spores.  Our  own  experience  has 
been  confined  to  purchased  commercial 
spawn,  but  if  we  were  making  it  we 
would  try  both  mycelium  and  spores, 
permitting  some  exceptionally  fine  speci¬ 
mens  to  ripen.  Of  course  the  brick  in¬ 
oculated  with  spores  should  be  treated 
like  the  other  to  encourage  growth  of 
mycelium  before  drying. 


cannot  be  mined  economically.  When 
Congress  meets  the  subject  will  be 
brought  up.  It  has  long  been  known 
that  there  are  stores  of  potash  in  this 
country.  Certain  rocks  contain  from 
five  to  12  per  cent,  or  more,  but  it  has 
been  found  too  expensive  to  make  it 
available.  The  green  sand  marls  in 
New  Jersey  show  from  four  to  six  per 
cent  and  w'ere  formerly  used  freely.  On 
the  Pacific  coast  are  several  lakes  the 
waters  of  which  contain  potash  in  so¬ 
lution.  One  of  those,  Owens  Lake,  near 
Los  Angeles,  is  estimated  to  contain 
8.000.000  tons  of  potash  in  its  waters, 
but  this  material  could  not  be  eco¬ 
nomically  taken  out.  The  most  prom¬ 
ising  source  is  the  salt  mines  scattered 
over  the  West.  We  have  little  doubt 
that  before  many  years  potash  will  be 
found  underlying  the  layers  of  salt. 


Analysis  of  Fertilizer. 


W,  M.  W.,  Veto  York. — Would  you  tell 
me  the  analysis  of  one  ton  phosphate 
(Thomas)  and  one  ton  of  kainit  mixed 
with  one  ton  of  hen  manure?  Please  in¬ 
form  me  if  this  mixture  is  as  good  as 
commercial  fertilizer,  which  analyzes  2-8- 


i«. 

Ans. — Assuming  that  the  phosphate 
and  hen  manure  are  average  samples 
and  that  the  hen  manure  is  dry  and  fine, 
you  would  have  the  following : 

Nitrogen  Pbos.  acid  Potash 
3  ton  phosphate  . . .  360 

1  ton  kainit  . 

1  ton  hen  manure. ..40  34 


250 

20 


That  means  13  pounds  nitrogen,  130 
pounds  phosphoric  acid  and  100  pounds 
potash  per  ton.  Of  course  this  is  too 
low  in  nitrogen.  It  is  a  poor  mixture 
anyway.  The  phosphate  contains  about 
800  pounds  of  lime  which,  when  mixed 
with  the  manure,  will  act  to  drive  off 
ammonia.  The  kainit  when  mixed  with 
the  phosphate  will  probably  form 
chloride  of  lime,  a  soluble  form,  which 
will  wash  out  of  the  soil. 


A  Cement  Water  Trough. 

How  many  barrels  of  water  will  a  cistern 
hold  3  0  foot  deep.  3  0  feet  diameter?  Will 
to  hold  200  gallons,  and  is  hrick  better 
than  concrete  to  build  it  with?  What 
is  the  best  way  to  make  a  concrete  water¬ 
ing  trough  ?  How  much  material  should  1 
use?  Would  woven  wire  do  for  reinforce¬ 
ment?  H.  b.  D. 

Darlington,  Pa. 

The  mathematical  part  of  this  question 
was  turned  over  to  my  wife,  who  claims 
to  be  something  of  a  scholar,  and  she  re¬ 
ports  the  cistern  will  hold'  187%  gallons, 
not  quite  200.  as  you  estimate,  but  near 
enough  to  answer  the  requirements.  I  pro-  [ 
sumo.  As  to  material,  if  you  are  not 
pretty  handy  with  tools  I  would  lay  it  up  I 
with  brick,  using  a  good  cement  mortar; 
then  plaster  it  inside  and  on  the  outside 
also  ff  you  can  stand  the  expense.  It  is 
quite  a  problem  to  make  a  nice  round  form 
of  that  size  in  order  to  build  entirely  of 
concrete,  but  by  using  brick  it  can  be  built 
much  easier.  I  think,  and  taking  all  tilings 
in  consideration  I  could  hardly  tell  which 
would  be  the  cheaper  way.  to  build  concrete 
alone  or  brick  laid  in  cement,  but  if  built 
circular  I  think  brick  will  prove  more  satis¬ 
factory. 

As  to  the  best  way  to  build  a  concrete 
watering  trough.  I  prefer  a  trough  longer 
than  it  is  wide,  making  it  considerably 
wider  at  top  than  at  bottom ;  first,  be¬ 
cause  the  inside  form  can  be  removed  eas¬ 
ily.  and  second,  if  allowed  to  freeze,  the 
pressure  is  not  so  direct,  and  is  not  so 
liable  to  break.  The  woven  wire  is  first- 
class  for  reinforcement,  but  cannot  be  used 
so  well  unless  the  trough  is  built  on  per¬ 
pendicular  lines,  but  barb  wire  will  an¬ 
swer  the  purpose  all  right  if  used  pretty 
freely,  especially  around  the  corners.  As 
to  the  amount  of  material  T  could  not  tell 
without  knowing  how  large  you  intended 
to  build  the  trough.  You  will  have  to 
make  your  form  the  required  size  for  the 
amount  of  stock  you  wish  to  water:  then 
mix  your  cement,  one  of  cement  and  two 
or  three  of  sand,  and  fill  it  up.  being  care¬ 
ful  to  tamp  it  down  well  along  the  sides  of 
the  form,  and  If  you  do  the  work  all  your¬ 
self  or  by  ordinary  labor  it  will  surprise 
you  how  cheap  such  little  jobs  can  be  done. 

w.  A.  B. 


Deposits  of  American  Potash. 

C.  D.  A.,  Connecticut. — Will  you  verify 
the  note  about  potash  deposits  in  the  West 
and  publish  all  that  is  available  on  the 
.subject?  “Rich  potash  deposits,  said  to 
contain  more  than  enough  of  this  substance 
to  supply  the  needs  of  the  United  States, 
have  been  located  in  the  West  by  scientists 
of  the  department  of  agriculture.” 

Ans. — The  U.  S.  Geological  Survey 
reports  that  parties  are  at  work  in  the 
arid  West  drilling  for  potash.  There 
are  great  deposits  of  salt  in  that  region, 
and  it  is  hoped  that  potash  will  be  found 
under  this  salt.  Secretary  Wilson  claims 
(hat  the  potash  has  actually  been  found, 
but  it  may  be  in  such  condition  that  it 


Apples  for  Northern  New  York. 

Tell  me  of  a  succession  of  varieties  of 
apples,  Russian  or  others,  commencing  with 
Red  Astrachan,  which  would  be  likely  to 
do  well  in  the  Adirondack  country  about 
32  miles  back  from  Tgikc  Champlain  at  an 
elevation  of  from  000  to  3.000  feet.  I  hive 
planted  different  kinds,  but  only  those  of 
the  Russian  varieties  have  lived  c.  e.  f. 

While  the  Champlain  country  is  an  ideal 
place  to  grow  many  varieties'  of  apples  I 
fear  your  elevation  is  rather  too  high  for 
best  results ;  yet  if  you  can  grow  Red 
Astrachan.  you  should  be  able  to  grow  those 
named  below.  First  let  me  question  the 
wisdom  of  planting  the  Astrachan  for  com¬ 
mercial  purposes — except  for  a  home  trade 
— so  far  from  market  as  you  are.  It  is  a 
poor  shipper,  and  goes  down  very  quickly 
after  it  has  the  size  and  color  desirable 
to  have  it  sell  well.  Then,  too,  you  would 
not  get  it  in  market  until  other  later  sorts 
from  farther  south  would  be  in  abundant 
supply  to  compete  with  it.  If  you  want 


cuiiiiiiFmai  ugipies  1  would  » me 
ing  the  Astrachan  with  the  Alexander.  It 
is  a  Russian  apple  and  more  hardy  than  the 
former.  It  is  a  good  seller,  and  a  fair 
shipper.  The  less  said  about  its  quality 
the  better.  For  home  use,  shun  it  as  you 
would  a  pestilence.  Then  the  Duchess'  of 
Oldenburg,  also  a  Russian  variety,  very 
hardy,  an  early  and  abundant  bearer,  a 
good  market  sort,  and  of  excellent  quality. 
Not  the  best  shipper  when  fully  ripe,  never¬ 
theless  many  of  them  are  exported  with 
profit.  Then  the  Wealthv.  not  a  Russian, 
but  particularly  hardy,  and  one  of  the  few 
kinds  which  adapts  itself  to  a  wide  range. 
It  was  originated  in  Minnesota  about  3  800. 
It  also  is  an  early  and  annual  bearer  when 
well  eared  for,  good  quality,  and  beautiful 
in  appearance,  a  better  shipper  than  anv 
heretofore  named.  When  the  trees  are 
lully  grown,  they  are  inclined  to  overbear 
and  should  be  thinned.  The  McIntosh  is 
another  hardy  variety,  and  adapts  itself  to 
a  wider  range  than  the  Fameuse,  which  is 
at  its  best  in  the  Champlain  Valiev.  It  is 

in!./^as  *ood  ln  flavor  as  the  latter,  much 
laiger  and  more  showy.  For  quality  it  is 

an<V  to-day  is  selling  at  about 
«  ,.hLbn  tter  SST  barrel-  It  originated  from 

KSN,lnf:  in  0ntaMo-  Canada,  and 
Propagated  about  3  870.  It  ripens 
fni  >^VlnC\fn,y  and  requires  most  care¬ 
ful  handling,  because  of  the  delicate  texture 
or  its  skin.  It  is  no  apple  for  the  careless 
man.  In  many  places  in  your  valley  the 
K.  I.  Greening  does  well;  although  it  is 
not  counted  as  hardy  as  the  Baldwin  I 
have  seen  ,l  flourish  far  north  of  the  lat- 
ter  s  latitude.  Last  but  by  no  means 
least,  the  Northern  Spy,  an  apple  that  does 
best  at  a  high  altitude  and  on  rather  heavy 
soils  The  trees  are  late  in  coming  into 
bearing,  but  in  their  proper  locality  they 
bear  heavily  fruit  of  the  finest  kind.  It  is 
one  of  the  best  sellers  on  the  market,  and 
always  in  demand.  The  area  over  which  it 
can  be  successfully  grown  is  limited,  there¬ 
fore  I  advise  your  planting  it.  All  the 
foregoing  is  based  on  the  assumption  that 
yon  are  where  apples  can  be  grown  at  all. 
There  is  a  limit ;  but  if  anv  will  thrive 
those  mentioned  should.  I  would  look  up 
like  situations  and  ascertain  how  apples 
grow  there  before  setting  heavily.  1 
EDWARD  VAX  ALSTYNE. 

aPP^s  are  never  bought  in  the  or- 

ner  1  nh  '  1  ho  pri<‘('  n,ns  from  25  cents 

per  3  00  pounds  at  opening  of  season  to  25 
cents  later  and  if  scarce  sometimes  going 
to  40  cents  in  November.  These  prices 
f-  ,°-  b-  or  delivered  at  the  mills,  the 
mills  m  all  cases  standing  car  charges 
where  apples  are  too  far  to  be  hauled  by 
Team.  \v  here  one  wants  apples  made  into 
cider  for  vinegar  or  other  purposes,  the 
mill  gives  six  gallons  of  cider  for  every  3  00 
pounds  of  apples  brought,  and  charge  3  % 
cent  per  gallon  for  making  same.  w  n 

Ivinderhook,  N.  Y. 

Beginnings  in  Agriculture,  by  Albert  , 
Russell  Mann.  This  book  is  designed  for  i 
the  purpose  of  introducing  the  study  of  ' 
agriculture  into  the  seventh  and  eighth 
grades  of  elementary  schools.  It  is  in¬ 
tended  to  cover  two  years  of  study,  and  in 
eludes  discussions  of  soil,  plants’ and  ani¬ 
mals.  as  well  as  the  farmer  in  his  relation 
to  the  community.  The  scope  of  the  book 
is  wide,  and  its  presentation  of  subjects 
concise  and  interesting.  It  is  well  worth 
the  consideration  of  rural  school  boards. 
Published  by  the  Macmillan  Company,  New 
York;  343  pages,  3  78  illustrations;  price, 
postpaid,  90  cents. 


“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 

Peach  and  Apple  Trees 

For  fall  or  spring  planting.  Prices  right;  stock 
right.  MYER  &  SON,  llridgeville,  Delaware 

SALESMEN  WANTED  S.?MREr&E! 

STEgga?  sy- 

“Howto  Growand  MarketFruit” 

Tells  the  Whole  Story  in  One  Volume  ;  gives  Lifetime  Exper¬ 
ience  of  Practical  Growers.  2,000  Acres  in  Nursery  Stock. 
Laroe  Stock  of  Peach  and  Apple  Trees, 

Write  for  catalog  and  how  to  get  the  book  free. 

HARRISON  NURSERIES ,  Berlin ,  IH d. 


LET  US  REFER  YOU  TO  A 
DEYO  USER  NEAR  YOU 

A/f OST  of  our  sales  of  DEYO  POWER 
SPRAYERS  are  made  by  our  cus¬ 
tomers.  Our  guarantee  is  to  replace  any 
part  which  wears  out  or  is  broken  within 
one  year,  no  matter  what  it  is  or  how  it 
happens. 

Write  to-day  for  Bulletin  4-C 

DEYO-MACEY  ENGINE  CO. 
BINGHAMTON,  N.  Y. 


r, 


OU  have  dollars  that 
never  “sprout.”  Are 
'O'1  going  to  leave  them 
IO  and  rot !  They  are 
in  your  fruit  trees 
vines  and  gardens.  Give 
them  a  chance,  and  the 
dollars  will  sprout,  and 
grow,  and  bear  dollars. 
How  ?  By  spraying. 

With  the  IRON  AGE 
BARREL  SPRAYER 
yon  can  kill  injurious 
insects  and  fungi,  and 
make  your  trees  and 
ardens  hear  abundant¬ 
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outside,  except  the 
agitator.  High  pressure 
pump.  Parts  with  which 
chemicals  come  in  con¬ 
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This  practical  Sprayer  is  only  one  of  a  com¬ 
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Write  to-day  for  Booklets. 

[BATEMAN  MFG.  CO.,  Box  102-S,  GRENLOCH,  N.  J. 


■Fruit  Trees- 

That  Thrive  and  Bear 

Thrifty,  vigorous  trees;  trees  with  lots  of  good 
roots  and  firm,  mature  wood — these  are  the  kind  of 
trees  that  we  grow.  They  begin  bearing  early  and 
they  continue  to  bear  abundantly  for  years. 

At  our  nurseries  the  soil  and  climate  are  just 
right  to  produce  trees  that  are  hardy  and  reliable. 
Our  success  and  experience  of  25  years  is  your 
guarantee  that  everything  in  our  stock  has  been 
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Write  for  our  latest  Catalog.  It’s  free! 

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^  Box  8,  Y alesville,  Conn.  ^ 


PLANT 

FRUIT 

TREES 

THIS 

FALL 


You  can  save  a  season  by  planting  this 
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Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Sond  today 
for  free  catalog. 

ARTHUR  J.  COLLINS 
Box  R  Moorestown,  N.  J. 


FRUIT  TREES 

We  are  ready  to  take  orders  for 
FALL  DELIVER  V  for 

BLACK’S  QUALITY  TREES 

Send  for  Booklet 

JOS.  H.  BLACK.  SON  &  CO.,  HIGHTSTOWN,  N.  J. 


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=  ADDRESS 


Shenandoah  Nurseries 

D.  S.  LAKE,  Prop. 

SHENANDOAH  .  .  .  PAGE  COUNTY,  IOWA 


19 1L 


TI-IE  RURAL  REW- YORKER 


1113 


CONCRETE  FOR  ICEHOUSE. 

You  have  asked  several  times  for  ex¬ 
perience  with  concrete  icehouses.  We 
have  one  for  the  most  part  concrete. 
We  believe  a  farmer’s  icehouse  should 
be  near  the  back  door,  or  near  where 
the  bulk  of  the  ice  is  to  be  used.  We 
had  the  advantage  of  sloping  ground, 
but  could  not  make  it  entirely  under¬ 
ground,  as  it  would  make  too  long 
and  deep  ditching  for  draining.  So  we 
went  three  to  four  feet  below  the  sur¬ 
face.  Wood  does  not  last  long  in  such 
condition,  So  we  decided  to  use  concrete 
except  for  the  south  side  above  ground. 
Our  house  is  12x18x10  high,  the  south 
concrete  wall  being  about  four  feet 
high.  The  earth  is  banked  up  against 
the  other  three  walls  as  much  as  we 
could.  Fig.  451  gives  an  idea  of  the 
location,  which  has  much  to  do  with  ice 
keeping. 

The  walls  were  not  “formed”  except 
in  the  inside,  until  we  got  above  the 
surface.  We  were  careful  in  digging 
out  and  so  let  the  concrete  go  right 
against  the  earth  for  one  side  form. 
They  run  from  10  inches  to  about  eight 
inches  at  the  top.  We  put  in  a  batch 
of  concrete  (made  with  coarse  brook 
gravel)  and  then  tamped  in  what  coarse 
stone  we  could.  Not  wanting  quite  so 
large  an  ice  room  at  present  we  cut  off 
six  feet  on  one  end  for  a  cool  storage 
room.  This  we  did  by  standing  up  12- 
foot  chestnut  planks  on  end.  By  put¬ 
ting  a  sill  on  the  bottom  with  a  good 
cleat  on  the  top  and  several  old  beams 
on  the  top  of  the  wall  it  was  very  little 
work,  and  will  be  less  when  we  want 
to  take  it  out.  The  planks  are  not 


sun  struck  it  except  on  the  west  stone 
wall,  of  course  late  in  the  afternoon. 
You  ought  to  have  seen  that  ice  get 
away  from  those  stone  walls  as  soon 
as  the  weather  began  to  get  a  little 
warm.  They  were  heavy  walls,  too,  15 
to  18  inches  thick.  The  sides  with  the 
boards  hardly  seemed  to  go  half  as  fast. 
Whether  it  was  being  above  ground, 
the  stone  wall,  or  location,  I  don't  know, 
but  the  way  that  ice  melted  made  us 
hesitate  at  first  about  using  concrete  for 
another  icehouse.  Walter  garabrant. 

New  Jersey. 


Keeping  Apples  in  Delaware. 


T.  C.  W.,  Leice/t,  Del. — Would  you  advise 
me  as  to  the  best  way  of  keeping  apples, 
mostly  Ben  Davis,  on  a  small  scale,  chiefly 
for  family  use?  We  have  a  concrete  cellar 
under  the  dwelling  house,  it  being  10x10, 
eight  feet  deep,  with  four  small  windows 
for  ventilation.  We  also  have  an  icehouse 
12x12,  12  feet  deep,  eight  feet  below  the 
ground,  with  ventilation  at  the  peak.  We 
have  been  using  it  for  white  potatoes  for 
two  years ;  they  keep  finely.  Shall  we  bar¬ 
rel  and  bury  in  the  soil?  We  have  eight  or 
10  barrels  and  a  few  Iveiffer  pears. 

If  T.  C.  W.’s  apples  were  properly 
sprayed  so  that  they  are  perfectly  free 
from  fungus,  they  will  keep  all  right  in  that 
concrete  cellar  by  maintaining  a  tempera¬ 
ture  of  40  degrees  as  nearly  as  possible. 
Keep  windows  closed  in  all  warm  weather 
and  open  when  cold.  Use  a  thermometer 
and  watch  closely.  e.  g.  Packard. 

Delaware. 

If  ills  cellar  can  be  kept  uniformly  cool 
and  is  not  too  dry,  apples  should  keep  quite 
well  there,  and  the  same  might  bo  said  of 
tin*  icehouse,  but  they  should  be  stored 
only  in  tight  packages  and  not  moved  when 
frozen.  The  custom  here  is  to  pack  in 
double  head  barrels  and  store  under  a  shed 
with  a  northern  exposure  until  freezing 
weather,  then  remove  to  cellar.  The  usual 
custom  when  burying  is  to  dig  a  trench  not 
wider  than  two  feet  nor  deeper  than  18 
inches,  which  is  lined  with  straw  to  pre¬ 
vent  the  fruit  coming  in  contact  with  the 
soil,  and  cover  lightly  with  s.oii  until 
early  Winter,  then  cover  about  one  foot 
deep.  Apples  seem  to  keep  best  very  near 
the  freezing  point  and  not  exposed  to  air 
that  will  cause  them  to  shrivel. 

Delaware.  f.  c.  Bancroft. 

The  most  successful  man  in  keeping 
apples  in  my  acquaintance  is  an  old  gen¬ 
tleman  in  North  Carolina.  lie  has  given 

N. 


f  DOOR  IN 
I  CONCRETE 

>  ruiT/t 


1 

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ICE  ROOM  i R00M 

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INNER  ROOM 

STONC  WALL 

ICE 

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ENTIREL 

FROM^ 

5. 


CONCRETE  ICEHOUSE.  Fig.  451. 


nailed  at  alb  We  put  a  floor  over  the 
cool  room,  and  this  makes  a  handy  and 
good  place  for  the  sawdust.  It  pays 
also,  as  we  have  to  pay  $1  a  load  be¬ 
side  the  carting.  Last  Winter  we  kept 
apples  and  vegetables  in  this  room  all 
Winter.  I  used  a  lantern  during  the 
cold  snaps.  We  left  the  sawdust  against 
the  inside  until  ready  to  put  in  the  ice, 
filling  the  bin  part  full  from  the  other 
side. 

But  I  hear  some  one  say  what  about 
the  concrete?  Ilow  did  the  ice  keep? 
I  cannot  see  that  it  does  not  keep  as 
well  as  the  average  house  that  I  have 
seen.  The  "first  year  it  melted  very  fast 
from  the  bottom.  We  had  left  the 
floor  just  the  hard  gravel  with  saw¬ 
dust  on  top.  Not  liking  this  we  cleaned 
it  off  well  and  spread  several  inches  o( 
concrete  over  the  bottom.  I  was  care¬ 
ful  to  grade  it  so  the  slope  was  righf 
for  good  drainage.  This  seemed  to 
stop  the  trouble.  In  filling  the  house 
we  always  leave  room  for  four  to  six 
inches  of  sawdust  on  the  side.  This  we 
fill  up  as  wc  work  up.  Then  we  cover 
the  top  as  soon  as  full,  not  waiting  for 
a  week  or  two  of  warm  weather  to  run 
the  water  all  down  through  and  cement 
the  cakes  together  so  they  will  not 
come  apart.  The  upper  part  of  the 
south  side  was  lined  against  the  nailers 
with  old  boards  to  keep  the  sawdust 
away  from  the  weatherboarding.  I  do 
not  see  that  the  ice  melts  any  faster  on 
the  sides  next  the  concrete  than  the 
other  two.  If  anything  it  melts  faster 
next  to  the  store  room.  Whether  the 
ice  would  save  as  well  if  the  house  was 
entirely  above  ground  and  built  of  con¬ 
crete  alone  I  cannot  say.  It  might  need 
a  lining  to  make  a  dead-air  space  as  a 
non-conductor.  Our  icehouse  has  no 
protection  from  the  sun,  so  it  has  the 
full  benefit  of  heat  in  this  line. 

I  think  there  is  some  difference  in 
effect  on  the  ice,  whether  the  wall  is 
concrete  or  stone.  At  our  old  home  we 
had  an  improvised  icehouse  in  a  cellar 
basement.  Two  sides  were  stone  walls 
—west  and  north.  The  other  two  were 
boards  on' both  sides  of  the  studs,  filled 
with  sawdust  when  the  rats  would  con¬ 
sent  to  let  it  stay  there.  The  whole 
house  or  room  was  back  under  so  no 


me  Bonum  apples  in  good  eating  condition 
in  May.  Bonum  is  a  Fall  apple,  and  a 
native  of  North  Carolina,  and  the  late  T. 
T.  Lyons  of  Michigan  once  said  to  me  that 
he  considered  it  the  best  Fall  apple  in  the  ! 
country.  The  same  man  gave  me  once  I 
Baldwin  apples  in  fine  shape  the  tenth  of 
August,  lie  did  not  grow  these  there,  but 
got  them  in  the  Fall  from  Niagara  Co., 
N.  Y.  lie  has  a  building  built  with  double 
walls  packed  with  sawdust,  and  with  a  ven¬ 
tilator  above  and  several  pipe  ventilators 
at  the  base,  but  no  windows  whatever. 
With  the  fruit  once  in,  he  closes  up  tight 
in  day  time  and  opens  up  the  ventilators 
below  and  above  at  night,  closing  before 
sunrise.  In  this  way  he  maintains  a  very 
cool  temperature  Winter  and  Summer,  and 
going  into  his  house  in  Summer  it  feels 
almost  like  a  cold  storage  building.  His 
idea,  and  the  correct  one,  is  that  to  main¬ 
tain  a  cool  temperature  he  must  retain  the 
night  air  and  exclude  the  day  air.  With 
apples  in  headed  barrels  a  temperature  sev¬ 
eral  degree's  below  32  is  far  safer  for  apples 
than  several  degrees  above  32.  Some  years 
ago  I  was  lecturing  at  an  institute  in  a 
town  in  western  Maryland.  The  apple  topic 
had  been  up  in  the  morning,  and  at  noon 
a  man  said  to  me,  “Come  around  to  my 
house  and  T  will  show  you  how  I  keep 
apples.”  I  went,  and  he  took  me  to  the 
back  porch  of  his  house  nex.t  the  kitchen 
and  showed  me  a  barrel  of  apples  with  a 
gunny  sack  thrown  over  the  open  head. 
The  mercury  at  the  time  was  hovering 
down  near  zero,  but  he  said  that  he  had 
found  he  could  have  apples  in  better  shape 
out  there  than  anywhere  else.  The  fact 
was  that  they  were  frozen  and  kept  frozen 
till  wanted  in  the  house.  This  is  rather  too 
radical  a  treatment.  Now  if  in  that  cellar 
with  the  windows  for  ventilation  you  have 
nothing  else  that  would  be  injured,  you  can 
barrel  the  apples  and  put  them  in  there  and 
keep  the  windows  open  at  night  and  closed 
in  day  time,  darkening  the  Cellar  with  gunny 
sack  curtains  on  the  windows.  In  this  way 
you  can  maintain  a  constant  cool  tempera¬ 
ture  in  the  cellar.  But  if  you  want  to 
keep  other  things  there  this  may  not  be 
practicable,  though  Irish  potatoes  barreled 
in  the  same  way  would  not  be  hurt.  I 
kept  Irish  potatoes  here  last  Winter  in  a 
fireless  outhouse  with  only  excelsior  packed 
over  them  in  the  barrel  and  the  whole 
covered  with  a  gunny  sack.  If  you  do  not 
case  to  treat  the  cellar  in  this  way,  then 
put  the  apples  in  the  icehouse  as  the  next 
best  place.  w.  f.  massey. 

Maryland. 

I  would  advise  placing  the  apples  in  bar¬ 
rels  and  head  up  properly  the  same  as  for 
shipment,  and  store  either  in  cellar  or  out¬ 
building.  I  had  them  keep  with  me  last 
year  until  April  in  very  good  condition, 
stored  in  a  packing  house,  resorting  in 
January  with  but  little  loss.  Thev  should 
be  picked  early,  handle  with  care  and 
placed  in  barrels  when  cool  to  insure  best 
results.  c.  barker. 

New  York. 


A  Pierce  Boiler  will  give  you  less 
trouble  than  any  one  of  your  stoves 
and  more  heat  in  all  your  rooms  at  less 
cost  than  all  your  stoves  put  together. 

Do  you  know  the  difference  between  steam  and  hot  water  heat? 
Do  you  know  the  shortcomings  of  hot  air?  Do  you  know  the 
kind  of  heat  you  should  have  right  now  in  that 
cold  house  of  yours  and  how  simple  a  matter  it 
is  to  put  in  an  up-to-date,  money  and  labor  saving 
equipment — an  equipment  that  will  keep  your 
cellar  cool  for  the  storage  of  vegetables  but  will 
keep  every  nook  and  corner  of  your  house  warm 
in  the  severest  winter  weather  ?  We  have  written 
a  hook  on  the  subject  which  every  farmer  should 
read.  It  tells  in  simple,  non-tech nical  language 


What 

Heat 

for  your 
House? 


A  Primer  for  the  man 
who  is  about  to  build 
a  now  house  or  make  an 
old  bouse  comfortable 


1  X  L  LCiiJ  AAA  . .  #  CJ  CJ 

all  you  need  to  know  about  heat  for  a  house.  Send  for  it  today. 

PIERCE,  BUTLER  &  PIERCE  MFG.  CO.,  261  James  St.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

Showrooms  in  principal  cities 


Pierce 

Boilers  and  Radiators 


Pierce  Boilers  and  Radiators  have  made  good  in 
over  200,000  homes  during  the  past  35  years— made 
good  in  fuel  saving,  freedom  from  repairs,  and  in 
furnishing  adequate,  healthful,  clean  heat.  There 
is  a  Bierce  Boiler  exactly  suited  to  your  needs. 
The  one  shown  here  is  the  “Touraine”— one  of 
200  styles.  Our  booklet  will  tell  you. 


Digging  asphalt  from  Trinidad  Lake  for  Genasco 


Genasco 

the  Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt  Roofing 

What  is  the  first  and 
greatest  thing  to  expect 
of  a  roof? 

Stay  waterproof. 
Trinidad  Lake  asphalt 
is  Nature’s  everlasting 
waterproofer;  and  that  is 
what  Genasco  Roofing  is 
made  of.  It  gives  lasting 
protection. 

The  Kant-leak  Kleet  keeps 
roof-seams  watertight  without  ce¬ 
ment,  and  prevents  nail-leaks. 

Gives  ail  attractive  finish. 

Ask  your  dealer  for  Genasco  Roofing 
(mineral  or  smooth  surface)  with  Kant- 
leak  Kleets  packed  in  the  roll.  Write 
for  Good  Roof  Guide  Book  and  samples. 

The  Barber  Asphalt 
Paving  Company 

Lorgeat  producers  of  asphalt,  and  largest 
manufacturers  of  ready  roofing  In  the  world. 

Philadelphia 

New  York  San  Francisco  Chicago 


Cross-section  Genasco  Model  Roofing 

Crushed  Quartz 
Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 
Asphalt-saturated  Wool  Felt 
Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 
Asphalt-saturated  Burlap 
Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 


HARVEY  BOLSTER  SPRINGS 


Soon  save  their  cost.  Make  every  wagon  a«prh»g 
lurnpou,  therefore  fruit,  vegetables,  eggs,  etc.,  | 
bring  more  money.  Ask  for  special  proposition.  | 

Ujurcy  bpring  Co. ,  UG- 17th  St.,  lUcine,  WU. 


Uarrey  Spring  Co., 


GUARANTEED 


They  Won’t  Do 

Build  with  M.  I.  F.  Co.  Zinc 
Coated  Nails  and  you  can 
say, “That  house  is  built  to 
stay  built.” 

Nails  that  rust  will  not  last.  In 
a  year  or  two  heavy  winds  will 
strip  the  shingles  off  any  roof 
in  which  they  are  used.  Clap¬ 
boarding  nailed  on  with  common 
nails  will  pull  away,  bend  and 
sag.  Veranda  flooring  will  warp 
and  bulge. 

M.I.F.CO.  NAILS 

—  Will  not  rust.  They  are  practically 
indestructible. 

From  ten  to  twelve  pounds  of  pure  zinc 
is  consumed  in  the  manufacture  of  each 
one  hundred  pounds  of  M.  I.  F.  Co.  Nails. 
After  thirty  years  of  service  they  were 
found  intact. 

If  your  dealer  isn’t  supplied  with  M.  I.  F.  Co 
Nails  write  us  for  the  name  of  the  nearest’ 
enterprising  storekeeper  who  handles  them, 
and  in  answering  we  will  send  you  free 
our  instructive  book,  “Nail  Knowledge. 
Malleable  Iron  Fitting*  Co.,  Dept.  N.,  Branford,  Conn. 


M I F  CO- 

ZINC  COATED  NAILS 


WATER  WITH  WATEf 

Gives  you  “running  water  when  and  where 
you  want  It.”  No  expense  for  power;  no 
trouble  ;  no  repairs ;  water  raised  in  any  quan¬ 
tity  to  any  height.  No  trouble  or  expense  to 
maintain.  If  you  desire,  we  will  install  a 

C  ACTED  DAII  and  guarantee 

r  UO  I  Cn  Duty  ViAItI  to  put  it  in  to 

entire  satisfaction,  fora 
sum,  agreed  upon  in 
First  cost  is  only  cost. 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE- 


.  .  .  MANUFACTUKKD  ONLY  BY  .  ,  . 

*Pre  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Send  for  free  Almanac,  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  “  Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


1 U4 

Restoring  Old  Pasture. 

L.  M.,  H apewell,  A'.  ,1. — 1  have  about 
50  acres  of  land  that  has  been  used  for 
pasture.  It  has  a  growth  of  cedar  on  it, 
and  the  ground  is  somewhat  sour,  but  lias 
•«  rich  black  soil.  If  I  sow  oats  in  tbe 
Spring  on  this  land  and  sow  in  the  oats 
at  the  time  of  seeding  Kentucky  Blue 
grass  and  Red-top,  do  you  think  that  my 
grass  seed  will  do  well,  or  what  do  you 
think  is  the  best  way  to  get  run-out  pas¬ 
ture  into  good  pasture  again? 

Ans. — Consider  the  condition  of 
these  old  pastures.  The  land  is  usually 
very  sour.  As  a  rule  such  land  con¬ 
tains  considerable  plant  food  from  the 
droppings  of  cattle,  but  this  plant  food 
is  not  available.  Oats  and  grasses  will 
not  “catch’’  well  on  a  sour  soil,  and  we 
doubt  if  you  can  turn  this  field  over 
and  obtain  a  good  stand  even  with  fer¬ 
tilizer.  We  should  plow  or  disk  as  well 
as  possible  among  the  cedars,  work  in 
a  ton  of  lime  to  the  acre,  and  then  seed. 
It  would  be  much  better  if  you  could 
work  the  ground  in  some  cultivated 
crop  the  first  year. 


JTHE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Utilizing  Old  Manure. 


Vitality  of  Clover  Seed. 

llow  long  will  clover  seed  remain  good? 

J.  J. 

When  kept  under  favorable  conditions, 
dry,  cool  and  in  the  dark.  Red  clover  will 
keep  three  or  four  years.  Its  vitality,  how¬ 
ever,  drops  somewhat,  and  proportionately 
more  of  the  old  seed  would  therefore  be  re¬ 
quired  owing  to  the  fact  that  many  of  the 
seeds  would  fail  to  germinate. 

“Cleaning  the  Water’’. 

Tell  that  man  from  Massachusetts  to  put 
about  one-half  peck  charcoal  in  a  gunny 
sack  for  his  foul  smelling  cistern.  If  his 
cistern  is  a  very  large  one  1  would  use  a 
pock;  I  have  used  it  many  times  with  per¬ 
fect  success.  Of  course  it  will  become  foul 
again  in  time,  but  just  renew  it.  Better 
put  a  stone  in  with  it  to  sink  it.  a.  i..  c. 

('banning,  Mich. 

R.  N.-Y. — This  refers  to  a  question  about 
purifying  a  bad-smelling  cistern.  This  bad 
small  may  be  caused  by  various  things,  but 
often  because  the  water  has  become  stag¬ 
nant  and  needs  airing.  Lime  will  some¬ 
times  “cure"  it.  The  effect  of  charcoal  is 
to  absorb  foul  gases.  Hot  charcoal  is  best 
for  this.  In  the  New  England  farmhouses 
of  50  years  ago  the  well  was  often  dug 
down  through  the  cellar.  It  was  quite 
common  to  drop  red  hot  charcoal  down  to 
“clean  the  water.”  One  of  the  best  ways 
to  purify  stagnant  water  or  drive  out  car¬ 
bolic  acid  gas  is  to  stir  or  churn  the  water 
up  and  let  the  air  in.  This  can  be  well 
done  by  using  a  chain  and  bucket  pump,  or 
dropping  in  a  stone  or  weight  tied  to  a 
rope  and  churning  it  up  and  down. 

What  Peaches  for  Central  New  York  ? 

We  have  tried  out  about  50  varieties 
here,  and  have  settled  down  to  the  follow¬ 
ing:  Carman,  white;  Champion,  white;  El- 
herta.  yellow ;  Stevens  Rareripe,  white ; 
Smock,  yellow;  Iron  Mountain,  white,  and 
Nalway,  yellow.  This  is  the  order  in  which 
they  ripen  with  us,  although  some  years 
the  Champion  gets  in  with  the  Elbertas  and 
the  Stevens  and  Smock  get  together.  We 
are  looking  for  a  good  yellow  peach  to 
come  in  ahead  of  the  Elberta,  and  one  be¬ 
tween  that  and  tbe  Smock.  Nothing  of 
the  Crawford  type  seems  to  do  very  well 
with  us,  or  else  we  haven’t  got  hold  of  a 
good  strain.  1  think  that  almost  anyone 
who  is  going  to  raise  peaches,  or  almost 
any  fruit  for  that  matter,  would  better  do 
some  experimenting  in  a  small  way  and 
■sec  what  is  best  for  his  condition.  There 
is  so  much  difference  in  soil,  climate  and 
location  that  I  hardly  dare  recommend 
most  of  the  varieties  for  any  particular 
place;  some  kinds,  like  the  Carman  and 
Elberta,  will  grow  almost  anywhere  and 
do  fairly  whll.  The  Salway  and  Iron 
Mountain  do  not  seem  to  do  well  in  many 
localities,  but  are  very  hardy  in  bud,  and 
with  us  on  the  west  shore  of  Cayuga  Lake 
do  well  as  a  commercial  variety  coming  on 
at  the  close  of  the  season.  We  have  them 
now  (October  21)  on  the  table  every  day. 

Tompkins  Co.,  N.  Y.  T.  h.  king. 


The  Kink  in  a  Rope. 

There  has  been  considerable  discussion 
in  the  last  few  issues  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  re¬ 
garding  how  to  take  the  kinks  out  of  new 
ropes.  As  I  had  expected  to  set'  my  own 
simple  remedy  published  I  did  not  give  it, 
but  will  now,  as  many  may  be  caught  in 
the  middle  of  hay  or  grain  hauling  with  a 
new  kinky  rope  to  contend  with.  As  stated 
by  one  contributor,  the  %-inch  rope  is 
preferable  to  the  larger  rope,  as  it  is  not 
so  apt  to  break  or  kink.  In  starting  in 
with  a  number  of  new  ropes  I  have  found 
that  many  times  a  rope  is  more  or  less 
kinked  in  uncoiling  it.  Then,  as  a  rule,  it 
is  not  so  much  a  matter  of  getting  the 
kinks  out  of  a  rope  as  it  is  of  keeping  them 
out.  Through  convenience  or  habit  the  one 
who  drives  the  team  at  the  end  of  the  rope 
usually  turns  the  team  around  the  same 
way,  either  to  left  or  right,  when  return¬ 
ing  to  the  barn.  This  always  adds  a  little 
extra  kink  or  takes  out  so  much  twist  each 
lime.  If  the  rope  be  kinked,  a  little  twist¬ 
ing  by  hand  will  show  which  way  the  rope 
should  be  twisted,  and  then  while  turning 
the  team,  one  can  notice  the  rope  roll  over, 
adding  to  the  twist  or  lessening  it.  Last 
year  we  put  in  a  new  %-inch  rope,  as  the 
dealer  had  just  sold  the  last  of  his  %-lneh 
when  I  reached  town.  The  larger  rope  was 
stiff  and  kinky.  We  overcame  the  latter  to 
a  great  extent  when  we  threaded  it  through 
the  pulleys.  Then  by  determining  which 
way  to  turn  the  team  to  take  out  some  of 
the  extra  twist,  we  soon  had  but  little 
tendency  to  kink.  After  this,  while  away 
from  the  barn  we  turned  the  team  to  the 
light  and  at  the  barn  turned  to  the  left, 
ready  for  the  next  trip.  This  kept  the 
same  amount  of  twist  in  the  rope,  and  we 
had  little  or  no  trouble  after  the  first  few 
loads.  J.  D.  l'RICKETT. 

Ohio. 


I  have  recently  purchased  a  small  farm 
in  this  town.  I  find  under  barn  a  quantity 
of  horse  manure  which  lias  been  there  from 
one  to  three  years,  some  of  it  dry.  I  am 
about  to  fork  it  over.  What  can  I  put 
with  it  to  increase  its  value  as  a  fertilizer 
for  grass  and  garden?  Would  it  be  advis¬ 
able  to  use  land  plaster  and  wood  ashes? 

S.  S.  H. 

Such  manure  needs  the  addition  of  pot¬ 
ash  and  phosphoric  acid.  We  should  fork 
it  over  well  and  add  to  each  estimated  ton 
75  ponndk  of  acid  phosphate  and  25  pounds 
of  muriate  of  potash.  The  land  plaster 
will  help  preserve  the  manure,  but  will  not 
add  any  plant  food.  I)o  not  mix  wood 
ashes  with  it.  The  ashes  contain  lime,  and 
this,  instead  of  helping  the  manure,  will 
injure  it  by  helping  set  the  ammonia  free. 


How  to  Keep  Pumpkins. 

How  can  we  keep  pumpkins?  I  have 
been  unable  to  keep  them  longer  than  the 
first  of  December.  H.  z. 

Valley  Cottage,  N.  Y. 

There  are  two  things  absolutely  neces¬ 
sary  in  keeping  pumpkins  and  squashes : 
they  must  be  thoroughly  dry  and  they  must 
not  be  cold.  Squashes  are  usually  stored 
commercially  in  a  heated  shed,  where  the 
temperature  is  20  degrees  above  freezing, 
placed  upon  shelves.  If  the  temperature 
drops  to  40  degrees  it  will  not  harm  them, 
but  it  should  not  go  above  00  degrees  ;  the 
best  temperature  is  50  degrees.  It  is  evi 
dent  that  pumpkins  are  not  likely  to  keep 
later  than  the  inquirer  names  if  merely 
stored  in  barn  or  cellar.  If  there  is  a 
store-room  over  the  kitchen,  dry  and  warm, 
they  would  probably  keep  another  month. 
We  believe  growers  do  not  try  to  hold 
squash  much  longer  beyond  the  holidays. 


How  to  Keep  Cabbage. 

T  have  000  heads  of  cabbage.  How  can 
I  keep  same  fresh  for  poultry  feed  during 
the  Winter  months?  c.  it. 

Dover,  N.  J. 

The  following  is  a  standard  method  of 
storing  cabbage  used  by  farmers  and  mar¬ 
ket  gardeners:  About  November  10  (in 
Orange  Co.,  N.  V.)  the  heads  are  pulled, 
and  turned  upside  down ;  the  root  is  re¬ 
moved,  but  as  many  leaves  left  on  as  possi¬ 
ble.  A  piece  of  land  with  good  natural 
drainage  is  selected,  and  here  the  cabbage 
is  put  in  a  long  pile  three  tiers  high  ; 
first  tier  three  heads  wide,  second  two 
and  third  one,  thus  making  pile  conical. 
This  pile  is  covered  with  two  or  three 
inches  of  straw  or  coarse  hay  ;  then  two 
or  three  furrows  are  turned  with  the  plow 
on  each  side,  and  earth  is  shoveled  over 
the  pile  six  or  eight  inches  deep.  With 
reasonable  care  and  good  drainage  cabbage 
keeps  well  in  such  a  pile  until  March  fol¬ 
lowing. 


Seeding  Grass  Without  Grain. 

On  my  farm  in  Albany  Co.,  N.  Y„  I  seed¬ 
ed  down  27  acres  September  I.  using  12 
quarts  per  acre  of  Alsike  and  Timothy  in 
the  proportion  of  one  and  three.  We  have  a 
very  good  stand,  averaging  probably  about 
two  inches  in  height  at  the  present  time 
I  applied  half  a  ton  of  good  lime  per  acre 
thoroughly  mixing  with  the  soil,  then  500 
pounds  per  acre  of  a  good  grade  of  fertil¬ 
izer.  T  think,  however,  that  the  Clark 
plan  which  I  am  attempting  to  follow  is 
perhaps  better  adapted  to  Connecticut  than 
Albany,  so  far  ns  late  seeding  is  concerned, 
the  climate  there  being  somewhat  milder 
If  the  young  grass  stands  the  Winter  I  am 
thinking  of  applying  a  top-dressing  early  in 
tile  Spring,  composed  of  200  pounds  of 
nitrate  of  soda,  thoroughly  mixed  with  200 
pounds  of  land  plaster  per  acre,  with  a 
lime  spreader.  What  do  you  think  of  the 
plan?  Would  200  pounds  be  too  much  if 
mixed  in  that  way?  It  is  elnv  soil.  a.  B. 

Cloversville,  N.  Y. 

You  would  have  done  well  to  use  Red-top 
seed  with  tin-  Timothy,  and  if  the  land  was 
sour  there  was  not  enough  lime  used.  Most 
people  who  try  this  method  of  seeding  grass 
alone  are  disappointed  with  the  first  crop. 
It  makes  a r  thick,  short  mat.  but  in  after 
years  comes  on  better.  The  dressing  of 
nitrate  is  all  right,  but  150  pounds  per  acre 
ought  to  serve  your  purpose. 


Coming  Farmers’  Meeting. 

Earin  Institute  Workers’  Convention, 
Columbus.  ()..  November  12-15. 

American  Road  Congress,  Richmond,  Va„ 
November  20-22. 

National  Grange,  Columbus,  O.,  Novem¬ 
ber  15-24. 

■  Maine  Seed  Improvement  •  Association, 
Waterville,  November  21-22. 

•National  Apple  Show,  Spokane,  Wash., 
November  27-20. 

Winter  Short  Courses.  Cornell  University. 
Ithaca.  N.  Y.,  November  28- February  22. 

,  Federation  of  Agricultural  Associations, 
Keyset".  W.  Va.,  November  27  December  1. 

National  Irrigation  Congress — Chicago 
December  5-0. 

Inventors’  Exposition,  Buffalo,  N.  Y„ 
December  5-0, 

N.  Y.  State  Dairymen’s  Ass’n,  Olean, 
December  12-12, 

Maine  Live  Stock  Breeders’  Association, 
Orono,  December  14-15. 

Illinois  State  Horticultural  Society,  De¬ 
cember  11-10. 

Eastern  Fruit  Growers’  Ass’n.  Raleigh 
Hotel.  Washington.  D.  C„  December  12. 

National  Mid-Winter  Sheep  Show — 
Omaha.  Neb..  December  12-10. 

Farmers’  Week.  State  College,  Pa.,  De¬ 
cember  27-. I a nuarv  2. 

Farmers’  Week.  Purdue  Fniversity.  La¬ 
fayette.  IndiTTha.  January  8-12. 

Farmers’  Week,  College  Park.  Md„  Janu¬ 
ary  8-15. 

Conventions,  Pennsylvania  Live  Stock  and 
Horticultural  Associations.  Duquesne  Gar¬ 
den.  Pittsburgh,  January  15-20. 

Livingston  County,  N.  Y„  Poultry  Show, 
January  1.0-16. 

N.  J.  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  Janu¬ 
ary  17-10. 

N.  Y.  State  Grange,  Auburn,  N.  Y„  Feb¬ 
ruary  0-9. *  * 

Farmers’  Special  Course,  Morgantown,  W. 
Va..  February  1-10. 

Farmers’  Week.  Cornell  University, 
Ithaca.  N.  Y.,  February  19  24. 


lor  Thrifty  Mon  &  Youn^M<?n 

CLOTHCRAFT 
CLOTHES  Ati 


WHEN  you  buy  Cloth- 
craft  Clothes  at  $10  to 
$25  you  can  be  just  as 
sure  of  lasting  satisfaction  as  of 
the  remarkably  good  style  and 
fit  you  see — for  the  maker’s 
signed  guaranty  assures  satis¬ 
factory  service. 

The  guaranty  will  be  found  in  the 
pocket  of  every  Clothcraft  coat  and 
overcoat.  It  is  based  on  three  things 
which  it  includes:  absolutely  pure  wool, 
first-class  trimmings  and  workman¬ 
ship,  and  a  coat-front  that  permanently 
retains  its  shapeliness. 

If  you  wish  to  be  sure  of  these  good 
qualities  at  medium  prices,  you  must 
buy  Clothcraft  Clothes — 

The  One  Guaranteed  All-Wool  Line 
at  Medium  Prices:  $10  to  $25 

Clothcraft  Scientific  Tailoring  is  the  means 
that  has  made  these  advantages  possible.  It 
is  the  result  of  sixty-one  years  devoted  solely 
to  making  good  clothes  at  medium  prices.  It 
is  built  upon  "efficiency"  methods  that  improve 
the  quality  while  cutting  down  the  cost. 

Go  to  the  Nearest  Clothcraft  Store 

Ask  the  dealer  to  show  you  the  Clothcraft 
Blue  Serge  S;>ecial,  No.  4130,  at  $18.50.  Try 
on  several  Clothcraft  coats  and  overcoats,  so 
you  can  see  the  becoming  styles  and  accurate 
fit.  Notice  the  close-fitting  collar,  the  shapely 
shoulders,  the  smooth  coat-front.  And  read 
the  guaranty  that  assures  lasting  satisfaction. 

If  you  don’t  know  a  Clothcraft  Store,  write 
us  today.  We'll  promptly  send  you  the  Cloth¬ 
craft  Style- Book  for  fall  and  winter,  with  the 
name  of  the  nearest  dealer. 


THE  JOSEPH  &  FEISS  CO. 

[  (Satind 


Founded  1850 — Oldest  American 
M anu/acturers  of  Men’s  Clothes 

B35  St.  Clair  Avenue.  N.  W, 


f! 

GALVANIZED  ROOFINI 

1  Corrugated  $  ^96  per  square. 

or  V  crimp  mL  Del.  your  station 

Send  postal  for  new  catalogue  13 

^  GRIFFIN  LUMBER  CO.,  hudsnohyfalls  } 

November  18, 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y'.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


iTJ 


MOTORCYCLES 

are  just  about  as  useful  on  tbe  farm  as 
wagon  or  plow— they  save  you  time  and 
dollars  every  day.  Carry  you 
anywhere  5  times  as  quickly  as  a 
horse  could— at  cost  of  one-tenth 
cent  per  mile.  Nearly  4000  Harley- 
Davldsons  sold  to  farmers  this 
year. 

Write  for  booklet  “The 
Harley  -  Davidson  On  The 
Farm.” 

HARLEY-DAVIDSON 
MOTOR  COMPANY 

253  A.  St. 
Milwaukee,  Wls. 


FLORIDA  GRAPEFRUIT  &  ORANGE  GROVE 

For  sale.  10  acres  bearing.  Other  valuable  assets. 
Fronts  large  lane,  quarter  mile  to  depot,  Well  ele¬ 
vated.  $5,500.  Three  other  similar  opportunities, 
No  attention  given  to  land  agents.  Address  Owner. 

L.  <>.  FKAGIN,  Winter  Haven,  Florida. 

Cl  HD  I  R  A  Yo°  can  bny  your  winter  homesite 
I  I  (In  A  at  Allandaie,  Port  Orange,  on  fa- 
1  5-villl/ri  moua  East  Coast,  and  build  your 
UflMF^ITPQ  homo  for  less  than  the  cost  of 
numcoi  I  L0  wintering  at  n  Florida  hotel. 

Fishing,  boating,  finest  automobile  racecourse  on 
ocean  beach.  Write  for  the  Allandaie  booklet. 

THE  ALLANDALE  COMPANY,  Daytena,  Florida 

FOR  ACRES  Pnlatka,  Florida, 

*  ”IY  GALL  ORANGE  and  other  fruit  Trees, 
$2,000.  HOWARD  FRAVEL,  Scranton,  Pa. 


KING 


CUSTOM 

MADE 


m 


E 


Made  from  the  finest  hides  tanned  by  the 
old-fashioned  slow  process.  King  Custom 
Made  Harness  outlives  the  horse— been 
known  to  last  as  long  as  30  years  in  good 
condition.  Sold  direct  from  factory — no 
middleman’s  profits— saves  you  50c.  on 
the  dollar.  Guaranteed  to  satisfy  or  your 
money  refunded.  Sent  on  approval — low 
prices  will  surprise  you.  Write  to-day 
for  terms  and  big  free  illustrated  cat¬ 
alogue  F.  KING  II  Alt.NKNH  CO., 
6  Late  Sfc,  Oweto,  Tioga  Co.,  N.  Y. 


XPKUIENCED  Farm  Mnnager  dcalreapoHltlon  where  first-clnsg 
services  would  ho  appreciated.  M.  J„,  care  Itural  N.-Y.’ 


WANTFfl~flGEMTS  to  se^  Farmers’  Account  Book. 
rinitiLU  Quick  seller.  Special  inducements  till 
holidays.  Address  L.  L.  Syphers,  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. 

FARMER  and  WIFE  Wanted  Zm  oT™ 

acres  on  the  Eastern  .Shore  of  Maryland.  Farmer 
must  bo  thoroughly  experienced.  Wife  to  assist  in 
light  housekeeping.  Give  references  and  wages  ex¬ 
pected  in  first  letter.  A.  P.  C..  P.  0.  Box  207,  N.  Y.  Cily. 

WANTFfl~PARMKR  a,1<1  WIFE,  to  live  with  two 
n  Hll  |  lu  people  in  house  furnished  with  all  con¬ 
veniences.  Man  to  tend  25  acres  just  planted  to 
apples  and  peaches;  wife  to  do  the  housework. 
E.  L.  PHELl’H,  410  West  44th  Street,  New  York. 

A  MERICAN  MAN,  20,  single,  would  like  posi- 
tion  as  poultrynian;  competent  to  m  amigo 
commercial  or  private  plant,  successfully;  ab¬ 
solutely  sober,  honest,  capable,  energetic,  with 
first-class  references  from  former  employers. 
T.  H.  Tresilian,  5713  Quimby  Ave.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 


FAROK  Circular  free.  Dept.  151,  I, eland’s 
I  nil  mo  harm  Agency,  31  Milk  St,,  Boston 


FOH  SALE — Gentleman'!)  Dairy  Faun,  Milk  Kouto  (3  mileii 
away)  and  equipment,  oaruitxt  *2,ooo  net  annually. 

UKItllEKT  A.  DRAKE,  Camden,  Now  Jeraey. 


Ififl  FsntlC  I' C  R  SALIC  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
loU  I  U I  III 0  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Hobaok  G.  Rekdkk,  Newtown,  Pa. 


U/E  SELL  GOOD  FARMS  in  Oceana,  greatest  fruit  Co. 
"  in  U.  S.:  also  grain,  potatoes,  alfalfa,  dairying. 
Write  for  list,  etc.  HANSON  &  SON,  Hart,  Mich. 


For  Sale-FARMS,  FARMS,  FARMS! 

Write  me  your  wants,  stating  size  and  number 
of  cows  you  wish  to  keep  and  I  will  send  you  de¬ 
scriptions.  OGDEN'S  AGENCY,  Walton,  Delaware  Co. ,  N.Y. 


FOR  SALE — 160  ACRES  OF  FARM  LAND  one  mile  from 
village  of  Waterville,  New  York,  good  residence 
and  barn,  running  water  on  place.  Price  $4(1  per 
acre.  Address T.  J.  HOWARD,  13G  Carneoie  Hall,  NewYork. 


THE  LEVIN  PRUNER 

The  best  pruner.  Cuts  J^-inch  dry 
branch.  Quick,  clean,  easy  cut.  We 
will  send  it  post  paid  for  club  of  two 


new  yearly  subscriptions  at  $1  each, 
or  for  club  of  10  ten  weeks  trials  at  10 
cents  each. 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  New  York 


Watt’s 

Corn 

Sheeler 


-J'  \ , 


$25.00  buys  this 

Watts  power  corn  sheller, 
(with  a  little,  of  course, 
added  for  freight,  etc.,  to 
your  station)  which  will  shell 
120  bushels  of  corn  an  hour.  Less 
than  half  the  cost  of  its  nearest  com¬ 
petitor.  Has  a  feed  grinding  attachment 
for  only  $11.50  more,  that  equals  the  work 
of  any  $25.00  to  $35.00  grinder. 

3  H.  I’,  operates  sheller  to  full  capacity. 

Pays  for  itself  in  a  good  two  days  run.  Any 
farmer  can  shell  when  he  wants  to  and  sell  at  the 
right  price.  Guaranteed  satisfactory;  5  days  free 
trial,  Dealers  everywhere.  Write  for  booklet. 

Seager  Engine  Works 

1028  Hazel  Street  Lansing,  Mich. 


1911. 


THE  RURAI>  NEW-YORKER 


A  BUNCH  OF  FLOWER  NOTES. 

Coboea  and  Wistaria. 

A.  C.  IF.,  WMtinsrille,  Mass. — 1.  When 
A.  I>.  C.  asked  some  time  ago  how  to  make 
Coboea  soandens  bloom  early  in  the  season 
I  thought  I  was  going  to  get  a  problem 
solved,  but  alas,  you  told  how  to  make  them 
grow,  but  not  to  bloom.  Mine  have  grown 
profusely  since  June,  but  had  no  bloom 
until  September,  and  then  not  very  many. 
This  has  been  my  experience  for  many 
years.  2.  Also,  what  treatment  will  make 
Wistaria  bloom  ? 

Ans. — 1.  The  Coboea  is  a  tropical  plant, 
a  native  of  South  America,  and  while  it 
makes  a  good  deal  of  rapid  growth,  it 
is  often  slow  in  blooming  outdoors  in 
our  Northern  climate.  It  is  probable 
that  it  would  be  a  little  later  in  Massa¬ 
chusetts  (except  in  favorable  locations) 
than  close  to  New  York.  Several  years 
we  had  no  flowers  until  September,  but 
this  year  it  began  to  bloom  in  July, 
doubtless  the  result  of  the  dry,  hot  sea¬ 
son.  We  advise  planting  in  light,  rich 
soil,  in  a  very  warm,  sunny  location. 
Our  plants  were  in  a  very  sunny  place, 
sloping  to  the  west.  The  best  display 
of  blooming  Coboea  we  have  seen  was 
in  a  sunny  yard,  protected  by  a  high 
wall  on  the  north,  the  plants  being  trel- 
lised  on  a  fence.  Perhaps  some  one 
else  caif  offer  more  encouragement  for 
early  flowers.  This  vine  makes  a  find 
display  in  a  warm  greenhouse. 

2.  Individual  Wistarias  differ  some¬ 
what  in  their  tendency  to  bloom  young. 
We  have  one  on  our  own  place  that 
was  planted  15  years  before  coming  into 
bloom,  bHt  it  was  starved  by  adjacent 
vines  and  trees.  When  planting  a  Wis¬ 
taria  it  should  have  a  good  start  with 
abundant  fertility;  if  it  seems  a  sterile 
spot,  filled  in  with  subsoil  from  a  foun¬ 
dation  (often  the  case  near  a  house  or 
piazza),  smk  a  bottomless  tub  in  the 
ground;  fill  in  with  good  rich  soil,  and 
plant  the  Wistaria  in  that.  We  like  to 
let  a  'Wistaria  alone,  so  as  to  allow  a 
gnarled  and  picturesque  growth,  but 
more  bloom  is  produced  if  pruned  back 
each  year-  to  spurs.  Make  sure  your 
vine  is  not  starved.  You  do  not  tell 
how  long  it  has  been  planted.  Our  dila¬ 
tory  Wistaria  waited  until  it  had 
reached  the  level  of  the  second  floor, 
and  is  ripening  seeds  from  this  year’s 
bloom. 

Topping  a  Rubber  Plant. 

J.  Y.  7?.,  Brooklyn,  Y.  Y. — Which  Reason 
of  the  year  is  the  best  for  cutting  back  a 
rubber  plant,  and  what  is  the  best  method 
of  doing  so?  Plant  is  about  five  feet  tall, 
healthy  and  strong  ;  I  would  like  to  have  it 
branch  out. 

Ans. — To  induce  branching,  the  plant 
may  be  topped  at  any  desired  height 
when  it  is  making  strong  growth.  We 
would  not  attempt  this  now,  as  under 
ordinary  house  conditions  there  is  not 
as  a  rule  much  growth  during  the  Win¬ 
ter — better  wait  until  next  April. 
Plunge  the  pot  m  the  ground  about 
May  10-15  out  in  the  full  sunshine. 
Give  a  good  mulching  of  manure,  and 
an  abundance  of  water  all  through  the 
season.  Under  these  conditions  there 
should  be  a  free  growth.  A  plant  five 
feet  high,  if  only  a  single  shoot,  is  not 
the  most  promising  for  forming  a 
branching,  specimen ;  effort  is  usually 
made  to  form  the  branching  habit  early 
in  the  plant’s  life.  W.  K.  Harris  of 
Philadelphia,  who  became  famous  among 
florists  for  tire  production  of  branching 
rubbers,  rested  the  plants  by  keeping 
them  dry  and  cool  for  two  or  three 
months  in  the  Spring,  and  then  brought 
them  into  a  vigorous  growth  which  en¬ 
couraged  breaking  into  buds  at  every 
leaf.  This  caused  branching  without 
any  topping. 

Nasturtiums,  Dahlias,  and  Gladiolus. 

J.  IT.  J.,  Boxborouyh,  Pa. — Tell  us  how 
to  raise  nasturtiums  successfullv  without 
the  pesky  I  Jack  bug.  Also  Gladiolus  and 
the  better  kinds  of  Dahlias.  That  seems  like 
a  foolish  question  to  ask.  but  to  do  these 
things  right  requires  some  art.  To  my 
mind,  many  of  your  readers  will  be  inter¬ 
ested  to  read  this  Winter,  some  other  way 
than  the  slipshod  method  handed  down 
from  our  grandfathers.  There  appeared 
quite  a  while  ago  an  article  on  Gladiolus 
that  was  interesting,  but  I  cannot  recall 
Just  what  it  said.  I  try  to  preserve  such 
things,  but  that  got  away  from  me  some¬ 
how. 

Ans. — 1.  Those  “pesky  black  bugs,”  we 
infer,  are  black  aphis,  a  perennial  nui¬ 
sance  with  nasturtiums.  If  the  plants 
arc  in  a  strong-growing  condition,  they 
rarely  cause  much  harm,  but  are  un¬ 
pleasant  when  one  wishes  to  use  flow¬ 
ers  and  foliage.  When  the  plants  ate 
suffering  from  drought  or  starvation 
the  aphids  almost  skeletonize  the  leaves 
by  draining  the  juices.  Where  the  in¬ 
sects  are  troublesome,  see  that  every 
scrap  of  the  nasturtiums  is  removed  and 
burned  in  the  Fall ;  clear  up  the  ground 
thoroughly.  Kerosene  emulsion,  tobacco 
water  or  whale-oil  soapsuds,  sprayed 
against  the  under  surface  of  the  leaves 
and  against  the  stem,  where  the  aphids 


congregate,  are  all  excellent.  We  have 
a  nice  little  bucket  pump  which  we  find 
very  handy  for  such  spraying,  but  it  is 
a  bother  where  there  is  a  long  row  of 
nasturtiums.  Select  a  warm,  sunny,  but 
not  too  dry  place  for  your  nasturtiums, 
and  encourage  them  by  surface  cultiva¬ 
tion. 

2.  Dahlias  demand  well-prepared  soil, 
which  will  give  them  good  drainage,  and 
also  permit  them  to  root  deeply.  If  not 
already  rich,  a  good  dressing  of  well- 
rotted  manure  should  be  plowed  or 
spaded  in.  Plant  early;  in  the  latitude 
of  Philadelphia  green  shoots  or  small 
roots  may  be  put  out  May  1  to  10,  but 
large,  dormant  roots  are  put  out  about 
three  weeks  earlier;  in  other  words, 
plant  the  strong  roots  two  weeks  before 


danger  of.  frost  is  over,  but  started 
plants  or  small  roots  should  not  go  out 
while  there  is  risk  of  frost.  Never  let 
the  surface  of  the  ground  become  hard 
and  baked,  but  do  not  give  deep  tillage 
after  the  plants,  begin  to  bloom;  merely 
stir  the  top  one  to  three  inches.  Water¬ 
ing  is  not  advised  by  Commercial  grow¬ 
ers ;  tillage  takes  its  place,  but  if  there 
is  a  long  drought  after  the  Dahlias  are 
in  bloom  a  good  soaking  once  a  week  or 
10  days  is  .beneficial,  but  should  always 
be  followed  by  surface  tillage  the  next 
day.  Hard  crusted  soil  is  often  respon¬ 
sible  for  weak  growth  and  “blasting”  of 
buds.  If,  while  blooming,  the  flowers 
grow  smaller  and  the  plant  seems  to  de¬ 
cline  in  vigor,  mix  one  part  nitrate  of 
soda  to  four  parts  bone, meal,  and  work 


'  1115 

a  handful  of  this  "into  the  soil  around 
each  plant. 

3.  Gladioli  prefer  a  sandy  loam  that 
is  retentive  of  moisture.  The  ground 
should  be  well  prepared  so  that  it  is 
loose  and  friable;  no  strong  manure 
should  be  used ;  it  is  better  if  required 
fertilizer  is  applied  to  a  preceding  crop. 
Plant  as  early  as  the  ground  can  be 
worked;  if  desired,  several  plantings 
could  be  made  at  intervals  of  about  10 
days,  thus  securing  a  succession  of 
bloom.  Keep  down  weeds  by  surface 
cultivation,  and  stake  the  flower  spikes 
if  necessary;  some  are  strong  enough  to 
do  without  this,  but  many  blow  over 
and  grow  crooked.  The  stakes  should 
be  as  neat  and  inconspicuous  as  possible, 
and  the  spike  should  not  be  tied  rigidly. 


We 


The  big  coffee  trust,  made  up  of  Brazilian 
growers  and  American  importers,  has  been  trying 
various  tactics  to  boost  the  price  of  coffee  and 
get  more  money  from  the  people. 

Always  the  man  who  is  trying  to  dig  extra 
money  out  of  the  public  pocket,  on  a  combina¬ 
tion,  hates  the  man  who  blocks  the  game. 

Now  comes  the  plaintive  bleat  from  the  “ex¬ 
asperated”  ones. 

The  Journal  of  Commerce  lately  said :  “A 
stirring  circular  has  just  been  issued  to  the  coffee 
trade.”  The  circular  further  says: 

“The  coffee  world  is  discussing  what  is  to  be  the 
future  of  coffee  as  a  result  of  the  campaign  of  mis- 
education  carried  on  by  the  cereal  coffee  people. 
We  have  before  us  a  letter  from  one  of  the  largest 
roasters  in  the  South  asking  what  can  be  done  to 
counteract  the  work  of  the  enemies  of  coffee. 

“The  matter  should  have  been  taken  up  by 
the  Brazilian  Gov’t  when  they  were  completing 
their  beautiful  valorization  scheme.” 


Then  the  circular  proceeds  to  de¬ 
nounce  Postum  and  works  into  a 
fine  frenzy,  because  we  have  pub¬ 
lished  facts  regarding  the  effect  of 
coffee  on  some  people. 

The  harrowing  talc  goes  on. 

“Where  a  few  years  ago  everybody 
drank  coffee,  several  cups  a  day, 
now  we  find  in  every  walk  in  life 
people  who  imagine  they  cannot 
drink  it.  (The  underscoring  is  ours.) 
Burly  blacksmiths,  carpenters,  labor¬ 
ers  and  athletes  have  discontinued 
or  cut  down  the  use  of  coffee;  as 
there  is  not  a  person  who  reads  this 
and  will  not  be  able  to  find  the 
same  conditions  existing  among  his 
own  circle  of  acquaintances,  is  it 
not  well  for  the  Brazilians  to  sit  up 
and  take  notice?” 

Isn’t  it  curious  these  “bur¬ 
ly”  strong  men  should  pick  out  coffee 
to  “imagine”  about  ?  Why  not  “imag¬ 
ine”  that  regular  doses  of  whiskey 
are  harmful,  or  daily  slugs  of  mor¬ 
phine  ? 

If  “imagination”  makes  the  caf¬ 
feine  in  coffee  clog  the  liver,  depress 
the  heart  and  steadily  tear  down 
the  nervous  system,  bringing  on  one 
or  more  of  the  dozens  of  types'  of 
diseases  which  follow  broken-down 
nervous  systems,  many  people  don’t 
know  it. 

-ft  »•  * 

But  it  remained  for  the  man  who 
has  coffee,  morphine  or  whiskey  to 
sell,  to  have  the  supreme  nerve  to 


say :  “You  only  imagine  your  dis¬ 
orders.  Keep  on  buying  from  me.” 

Let  us  continue  to  quote  from  his 
article. 

“Notwithstanding  the  enormous 
increase  in  population  during  the 
past  three  years,  coffee  shows  an 
appalling  decrease  in  consumption.” 

*  *  *  *  * 

Then  follows  a  tiresome  lot  of 
statistics  which  wind  up  by  show¬ 
ing  a  decrease  of  consumption  in  two 
years  of,  in  round  figures,  two 
hundred  million  pounds. 

Here  we  see  the  cause  for  the  at¬ 
tacks  on  us  and  the  Brazilian  sneers 
at  Americans  who  prefer  to  use  a 
healthful,  home-made  breakfast 
drink  and  incidentally  keep  the 
money  in  America,  rather  than  send 
the  millions  to  Brazil  and  pay  for  an 
article  that  chemists  class  among  the 
drugs  and  not  among  the  foods. 

Will  the  reader  please  remember, 
we  never  announce  that  coffee  “hurts 
all  people.” 

Some  persons  seem  to  have  excess 
vitality  enough  to  use  coffee,  tobacco 
and  whiskey  for  years  and  apparent¬ 
ly  be  none  the  worse,  but  the  num¬ 
ber  is  small,  and  when  a  sensible 
man  or  woman  finds  an  article  acts 
harmfully  they  exercise  some  degree 
of  intelligence  by  dropping  it. 

We  quote  again  from  the  article; 

“These  figures  are  paralyzing  but 
correct,  being  taken  from  Leech's 


statistics,  recognized  as  the  most  re¬ 
liable.” 

'  *  *  *  *  * 

This  is  one  of  the  highest  com¬ 
pliments  ever  paid  to  the  level-head¬ 
ed,  common  sense  of  Americans  who 
cut  off  about  two  hundred  million 
pounds  of  coffee  when  they  found  by 
actual  experiment  (in  the  majority 
of  cases.!  that  the  subtle  drug  caf¬ 
feine,  in  coffee,  worked  discomfort 
and  varying  forms  of  disease. 

i  .  *  ,  c.  » 

Some  people  haven’t  the  character 
to  stop  a  habit  when  they  know  it  is 
killing  them,  but  it  is  easy  t<5  shift 
from  coffee  to  Postum,  for,  when 
made  according  to  directions,  it 
comes  to  table  a  cup  of  beverage, 
seal  brown  color,  which  turns  to  rich 
golden  brown  when  cream  is  added, 
and  the  taste  is  very  like  the  milder 
grades  of  Old  Gov’t  Java. 

Postum  is  a  veritable  food-drink 
and  highly  nourishing,  containing  all 
the  parts  of  wheat  carefully  prepared 
to  which  is  added  about  10  per  cent 
of  New  Orleans  molasses,  and  that  is 
absolutely  all  that  Postum  is  made  of. 

Thousands  of  visitors  to  the  pure 
food  factories  see  the  ingredients 
and  how  prepared.  Every  nook  and 
corner  is  open  for  every  visitor  to 
.carefuly  inspect.  Crowds  come  daily 
and  seem  to  enjoy  it. 


9t 


“There’s  a  Reason 


Postum  Cereal  Company,  Limited 
Battle  Creek,  Michigan 


1116 


THE  RURAIj  NEW-YORKER 


Hope  Farm  Notes 

*■ 1  - -  ■■■  - - -  - - —  ■  — 

In  regard  to  those  apple  trees  (McIntosh) 
here  20  feet  would  he  too  near  for  that 
variety  alone ;  at  least  that  is  my  experi¬ 
ence.  Why  not  uSe  one-half  Wealthy?  It 
has  paid  me  (jest,  as  it  yields  so,  hut  it 
must  be  thinned  for  best  results.  Duchess 
is  all  right  if  it  does  well  there,  or  Wag¬ 
oner;  either  is  good  but  Melntosh  grows  a 
good-sized  tree  and  has  proved  a  rather 
light  yielder  with  me.  h.  o.  mead. 

Worcester  Co.,  Mass. 

This  refers  to  the  plan  of  setting  Mc¬ 
Intosh  20  feet  apart  each  way.  With 
us,  this  variety  bears  early,  and  I  could 
probably  get  six  or  seven  crops  before 
the  trees  interfered  much.  My  plan 
was  to  have,  finally,  a  permanent  or¬ 
chard  of  McIntosh  40  feet  each  way, 
using  the  others  as  fillers.  This  va¬ 
riety  does  well  with  us — apparently 
giving  better  apples  when  planted  in 
sod  or  well  mulched.  The  shape  of 
Wealthy  is  better  for  a  filler,  as  Mc¬ 
Intosh  makes  a  broad,  large  head, 
while  Wealthy  is  slender  and1  more  up¬ 
right.  From  that  point  of  view  Mr. 
Mead’s  suggestion  is  a  good  one.  It 
would  probably  be  better  in  the  end  to 
plant  half  Wealthy,  preparing  to  take 
them  all  out  later.  The  McIntosh  is 
by  far  the  better  apple  with  us.  I  see, 
more  and  more,  the  objection  to  having 
too  many  varieties  in  a  commercial 
orchard.  Far  better  have  three  or  four 
of  the  best  and  stick  to  them. 

The  Milk  Record. — In  the  31  days 
of  October  Mollie  gave  807  pounds  of 
milk,  an  average  of  a  little  over  26 
pounds  per  day.  This  makes  a  total  of 
5,600  pounds  since  she  came  in  April 
19.  The  frost  has  hurt  the  pasture, 
and  we  are  now  feeding  sorghum  fod¬ 
der.  This  was  grown  as  a  second  crop 
after  rye  between  row’s  of  trees.  Dur¬ 
ing  the  dry  Summer  it  gave  more 
fodder  than  corn,  but  it  will  not  keep' 
as  well.  During  October  the  cow  con¬ 
sumed  $4.65  worth  of  grain.  It  would 
be  hard  to  put  any  value  on  the  rough- 
age,  as  she  wfas  tied  out  here  and  there 
with  garden  wastes  to  help  out.  We 
charge  up  20  cents,  a  day  for  her  care, 
which  makes  a  total  of  $10.85  for  the 
month.  Thus,  for  grain  and  care,  this 
milk  cost  a  little  over  V/3  cents  to  pro¬ 
duce,  or  22/i  cents  per  quart.  When 
you  add  the  cost  of  fodder,  rent  of  barn 
and  half  a  dozen  other  expenses,  the 
cost  will  run  to  four  cents  or  more. 
This  milk  is  worth  eight  cents  a  quart 
to  us.  That  is  what  we  must  pay  when 
we  buy  milk,  and  wre  use  all  the  cow 
gives.  I  think  Mollie  keeps  up  her 
flow  quite  well.  For  the  Winter  we 
have  a  good  supply  of  roots  and  cab¬ 
bage  to  make  her  think  of  pasture.  It 
is  a  great  satisfaction  with  our  big  fam¬ 
ily  to  have  this  good  supply  of  clean, 
pure  milk.  ' 

Farm  Notes. — People  came  to  buy 
seed  rye  almost  up  to  election  day. 
That  is  pretty  late  to  make  much  show¬ 
ing  above  ground,  but  the  rye  will  start 
and  make  a  good  root  growth.  In 
Spring  up  it  will  come  on  the  run. 
The  scientific  men  and  teachers  have 
rather  discouraged  the  use  of  rye  as  a 
cover  crop,  but  in  many  places  it  is  a 
great  help,  and  I  would  throw  some 
of  it  in  with  most  other  cover  crops. 

.  .  .  The  roots  are  under  cover.  We 
made  no  effort  to  grow  a  large  crop  of 
mangels — just  enough  for  one  cow. 
Yet  I  think  this  would  be  a  “money 
crop”  in  some  places  where  there  are 
chicken  men.  I  think  the  crop  would 
sell  well  to  be  used  as  Winter  green 
food.  The  root  seems  to  be  better  for 
this  purpose  than  cabbage.  .  .  .  When 
we  moved  the  wooden  part  of  our  old 
stone  house  we  left  a  cellar  large  enough 
to  hold  150  barrels  of  apples.  It  be¬ 
came  a  question  whether  to  fill  this 
cellar  with  stones  or  to  put  a  roof  over 
it.  We  finally  decided  to  put  on  a  con¬ 
crete  roof.  The  walls  have  been  built 
up  and  an  entrance  door  made,  and  then 
forms  put  over  the  top.  First  a  layer 
of  concrete  is  put  on  and  then  stout 
iron  rods  to  reenforce  it — then  the  rest 
of  the  concrete.  This  will  leave  a 
solid  and  permanent  job,  and  we  shall 
have  storage  for  apples  and  vegetables. 
During  the  past  few  years  there  has 
been  great  use  of  concrete  on  the  farm. 
Some  of  the  work  has  been  done  by 
amateurs  and  by  careless  hands,  and 
time  has  begun  to  test  it.  The  lesson 
is  that  if  you  expect  to  use  concrete 
at  all  you  should  do  the  job  right  or 
not  touch  it.  It  looks  as  if  some  of 
the  advice  about  concrete  work  was 
given  by  people  who  used  a  little  of  the 
stuff  and  then  judged  from  the  out¬ 
side  appearance  that  they  knew  all 
about  it.  I  fight  shy  of  the  concrete 
blocks  made  by  people  who  have  never 


studied  out  the  operation.  ...  It  is 
very  evident  to  us  that  farmers  who 
are  within  reach  of  good  markets 
must  study  out  the  questions  of  stor¬ 
age  and  transportation.  In  our  own 
locality  most  people  have  been  rushing 
apples  and  Kieffer  pears  into  market 
because  they  have  no  means  of  storing 
them  well.  As  a  result  prices  have 
been  too  low — the  advantage  being  with 
the  buyers.  If  we  could  have  put  our 
fruit  into  good  storage  where  it  would 
keep  fairly  well  we  could  have  held  it 
back  and  kept  the  market  from  being 
overloaded.  Before  we  have  another 
large  crop  at  Hope  Farm  we  must  have 
better  storage.  Our  plan  is  to  dig  into 
the  face  of  the  hill  and  make  a  room 
partly  below  ground  where  we  can  put 
1,000  barrels  or  more  right  from  the 
trees.  It  is  only  a  question  of  time  also 
before  most  farm  neighborhoods  must 
have  large  and  rapid  auto  trucks  to 
haul  produce  and  leave  the  teams  free 
for  farm  work.  Something  of  this  sort 
has  got  to  come  if  we  expect  to  keep 
up  with  the  procession.  I  think  these 
auto  trucks  are  the  things  finally  to  set 
us  free  from  the  railroad  and  the  ex¬ 
press  company.  Of  course  it  will  be 
out  of  the  question  for  individual  farm¬ 
ers  to  do  these  things.  We  have  simply 
got  to  learn  how  to  get  together  and  co.- 
operate. 

Broad  Views. — I  have  a  letter  from 
a  Jerseyman  who  gives  us  this  advice: 

Put  on  your  “specs”  and  take  a  look  at 
things  beyond  Hope  Farm,  the  consumer’s 
dollar,  etc. 

The  trouble  with  me  is  that  I  only 
need  “specs”  for  close  reading  of  small 
print.  When  I  want  to  look  at  things 
far  away  the  glasses  are  of  no  use. 
During  half  a  century  I  have  seen  no 
end  of  people  who  pride  themselves  on 
being  “broad.”  1  have  known  women 
to  discuss  learnedly  on  the  education 
and  care  of  children,  while  every  time 
you  saw  their  own  offspring  you  itched 
to  get  hold  of  a  shingle.  I  walked  with 
a  man  once  who  pointed  out  the  glories 
of  the  sky  and  fell  into  a  ditch  which 
he  did  not  notice  while  doing  it.  You 
will  cut  ice  with  the  narrow  edge  rather 
than  the  broad  side  of  the  saw.  The 
particular  thing  which  this  man  has  in 
mind  is  the  world’s  peace  which  Presi¬ 
dent  Taft  is  trying  to  promote.  He 
thinks  in  some  way  that  The  R.  N.-Y.’s 


opinion  about  some  of  President  Taft’s 
acts  will  hold  up  the  peace  treaties.  He 
gives  us  credit  for  a  “broadness”  which 
we  cannot  fatten  up  to.  My  informa¬ 
tion  is  that  those  treaties  will  be  passed 
as  soon  as  the  Senate  thinks  its  ruffled 
dignity  has  been  smoothed  down.  As 
for  the  other  things,  we  have  lived  long 
enough  to  know  that  the  only  way  the 
average  citizen  can  accomplish  anything 
is  to  pick  out  something  he  can  reach 
and  hammer  away  at  it  for  a  lifetime 
if  need  be.  Our  plan  is  to  take  a  few 
vital  things  and  stay  by  them  until  peo¬ 
ple  realize  that  their  influence  can  be 
felt.  As  a  possible  illustration  we  have 
talked  rye  as  a  cover  crop  week  after 
week  for  years.  Thousands  of  farmers 
are  now  trying  it  and  they  will  be  led 
to  better  crops  and  better  practice  in 
this  way.  You  may  call  this  narrow 
and  simple,  but  it  has  really  accom¬ 
plished  more  for  farming  than  the  same 
amount  of  “broad”  discussion  of  agri¬ 
culture.  It  is  very  much  the  same  with 
public  questions. 

“Back  to  the  Land.” — It  seems  as 
if  all  sorts  of  people  are  trying  their 
hand  at  near  (or  far)  farming.  This 
has  been  a  tough  season  on  them,  and 
many  are  ready  to  quit  in  disgust.  Once 
in  a  while  there  comes  a  game  sport 
who  takes  the  butt  end  of  farming  as  he 
would  in  any  other  business.  One  of 
them  writes  how  he  took  a  small  farm 
and  started  in  on  a  definite  plan.  He 
had  to  hire,  all  work  done,  and  the  dry 
weather  was  so  bad  that  lie  finds  him¬ 
self  $200  behind  as  the  result  of  the 
first  season.  Does  he  growl  about  it? 
Not  much. 

I  have  bad  soma  valuable  experience  for 
one  who  bad  practically  no  knowledge  of 
farming  other  than  that  obtained  from  bul¬ 
letins  and  books,  and  expect  some  day  to 
have  fruit  enough  in  bearing  so  that  if  an 
upheaval  conies  in  my  company  which  my 
12  years  of  experience  has  taught  me  to  be¬ 
lieve  is  bound  to  happen  every  so  often, 
and  I  am  given  the  alternative  of  moving  or 
quitting,  1  shall  be  able  at  least  to  make  a 
living  from  what  I  have  this  year  started. 
1  think  the  he.st  old  age  pension  •  or  life 
insurance  a  man  in  my  position  can  sub¬ 
scribe  for  is  a  little  piece  of  land  and  a  few 
trees  and  vines.  h.  w.  s. 

That  man  is  what  I  call  a  game  sport. 
He  will  make  that  place  go  and  get  his 
“old  age  pension”  in  due  time.  Many 
back-to-the-landers  want  the  earth  but¬ 
tered,  before  they  learn  how  to  make 
butter.  h.  w.  c. 


November  1^ 
When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
"square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


when  driving  home  at  night 
if  you  use  a  Rayo  road 
lantern. 

Its  strong,  white  light  re¬ 
veals  the  road  ahead ;  the 
ruby  disc  in  the  reflector  is 
a  warning  in  the  rear. 

It  is  attached  to  the  vehicle  by  a 
simple  bracket.  Lift  it  off,  and  you 
have  a  first-class  hand  lantern. 

Rayo  lanterns  are  made  in  nu¬ 
merous  styles,  sizes  and  finishes. 
They  are  the  strongest  and  most 
reliable  you  can  find, 
and  will  not  blow 
or  jar  out. 

All  Rayo  lanterns  are 
equipped  with  selected  Rayo 
globes,  clear,  red  or  green,  as 
desired.  Wicks  inserted  in 
burners,  ready  to  light. 

Dealers  everywhere ;  or 
write  for  descriptive  circular 
direct  to  any  agency  of  the 

Standard  Oil  Company 

(Incorporated) 


JF  it  is  worth  the  best  you  can  give  Q 
in  house  and  food  and  clothes, 
is  it  not  worth  the  best  of  reading  as 
well  ?  And  the  best  of  reading — 
best  for  boy  and  girl,  best  for  men, 
best  for  women — will  be  found  in 


ss4f 


.■^cswwwww-^' 


1 


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Read  Weekly 
in  Over  Half  a 
Million  Homes 


Entertains  and 
Helps  Onward 
Every  ‘Reader 


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The  52  Issues  of 
THRYOUTH’S 

_  COMPANION  _ 

for  the  Year  1912 

Every  number  in  1912  will  be  filled  with  the  reading  you  like  best.  There  will  be  nearly  250  complete 
stories — stories  of  wild  Indian  life,  stories  of  life  at  sea  ;  stories  for  men  and  women,  for  boys  and  girls ;  there 
will  be  articles  by  famous  writers,  among  them  Lieut.-General  Baden-Powell,  founder  of  the  Boy  Scouts; 
Sir  Harry  Johnston,  the  famous  African  traveler  and  hunter;  Frank  Bullen,  British  sailor  and  harpooner; 
Hudson  Maxim,  inventor  of  high  explosives  ;  General  Charles  King,  Jacob  Riis,  Margaret  Sangster, 

Governor  Harmon  erf  Ohio,  and  many  others. 

Full  Announcement  for  1912  and  Sample  Copies  of  the  Paper  Sent  Free  to  any  Address. 


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THEN  THE  YOUTH’S  COMPANION  FOR  THE  FIFTY-TWO  WEEKS  OF  1912.  The 
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THE  YOUTH’S  COMPANION,  BOSTON,  MASSACHUSETTS 


1911. 


^THtC  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


1117 


Ruralisms 


A  Question  in  Budding. 

1.  W.  B.,  Rodeo,  N.  M. — I  have  a  lot  of 
seedling  peach  trees  that  I  failed  to  get 
budded  last  Summer.  Can  I  save  buds 
next  Spring  before  they  have  started,  keep 
them  a  little  moist,  but  not  wet  enough  to 
swell  the  buds,  and  so  bud  those  trees  as 
soon  as  the  bark  will  slip? 

Ans. — This  is  done  extensively  through 
the  South.  The  scions  are  cut  in  the 
Winter  and  kept  dormant  in  a  cool 
cellar  until  such  time  in  the  Spring  as 
the  seedlings  have  grown  large  enough 
to  bud.  They  cut  the  tops  off  the  seed¬ 
lings  in  eight  or  10  days  after  budding, 
and  the  peach  buds  make  fine  yearling 
buds  in  tbe  one  season.  In  northern 
latitudes  the  nurserymen  never  have 
any  success  with  peach  trees  that  are 
not  budded  late  in  the  Summer,  the 
same  year  that  the  seed  was  sown. 
Sometimes  they  sow  the  seed  in  the 
Fall  and  the  same  rule  applies.  They 
are  budded  in  August  and  September 
of  the  next  year.  Oftentimes  the  buds 
do  not  live  through  the  Winter,  and  in 
that  case  the  seedlings  are  simply  chop¬ 
ped  out  the  next  Spring.  It  would 
be  a  great  saving  if  they  could  cut 
scions  in  the  Winter,  keep  them  dor¬ 
mant  in  the  Spring,  and  bud  these 
failures  in  May,  rather  than  destroy 
them.  However,  it  has  been  tried  often, 
and  the  results  never  justify  a  continu¬ 
ance  of  the  practice.  This  is  the  prin¬ 
cipal  reason  why  Northern  nurserymen 
cannot  raise  peach  trees  as  cheaply  as 
the  growers  in  the  South.  m.  k. 


That  New  Hale  Peach. 

In  my  personal  note  to  The  R.  N.-Y. 
early  in  September  I  closed  by  saying, 
“I  call  it  the  million  dollar  peach,’’ 
never  dreaming  the  note  would  be 
printed  in  full,  or  if  it  were  printed  no 
one  who  knew  me  would  think  for  a 
moment  I  would  attach  such  a  name  as 
that  to  any  fruit,  much  less  to  what  I 
consider  the  finest  fruit  in  the  world. 
What  I  meant  and  intended  to  convey 
was  that  it  was  a  money-maker  beyond 
all  others  I  had  ever  known,  and  there 
are  millions  in  it  for  myself  and  others 
who  would  plant  it  on  a  large  scale. 
Hundreds  of  your  readers,  however,  ab¬ 
sorbed  the  idea  that  “Million  Dollar” 
was  to  be  the  name,  and  now  in  your 
issue  of  October  28  my  good  friend,  S. 
C.  Bowen,  of  western  New  York,  takes 
a  drive  at  it  and  renews  his  suggestion 
of  two  years  ago  that  it  be  named 
“Haleberta.”  Just  why  the  “berta” 
should  be  tacked  on  to  Hale  I  cannot 
fully  comprehend,  except  that  as  the  El- 
berta  is  the  greatest  market  yellow 
peach  of  to-day,  it  might  emphasize  the 
color  and  market  name  of  this  peach 
of  mine  to  tack  the  “berta”  on  to  Hale. 
I  certainly  like  the  sound  of  it  better 
than  “J.  H.  Hale”  as  is  rather  insisted 
upon  by  my  friend  Mr.  William  P. 
Stark,  who  will  probably  have  the  pro¬ 
pagation,  advertising  and  sale  of  this 
peach  when  the  right  time  comes.  I 
fully  agree  with  Mr.  Bowen  that  a 
single  word  name  is  the  only  one  that 
will  stick,  and  “Million  Dollar”  or 
“J.  FI.”  would  very  quickly  be  dropped 
and  for  good  reasons,  too,  while  the 
peach  itself  will  live  long  after  most 


No  Harm  from  Eating  Grapes. 

O.  II.  M.,  Neiv  York. — There  is  a  feeling 
among  members  of  my  family  that  the  Con¬ 
cord  grape  has  an  acid  (that  is  the 
sour  part)  that  will  dry  up  the  blood. 

I  have  eaten  them  seeds  and  all  for  years 
with  no  ill  effects.  Will  you  send  me  the 
government  analysis? 

Ans. — The  juice  and  pulp  of  ripe 
grapes  contain  on  the  average  about  80 
per  cent  water,  15  per  cent  sugar,  rarely 
more  than  one-half  of  one  per  cent  pro- 
teid  or  albuminoid  material*  and  rather 
less  than  one  per  cent  of  acid,  chiefly 
in  the  form  of  tartaric  and  malic  acids. 
The  small  remainder  is  made  up  of 
potash  and  lime  in  combination  with 
the  acids  and  other  minerals,  including 
iron  and  extractive  matters.  The  skins 
and  seeds,  which  are  often  quite  irri¬ 
tating  when  swallowed,  contain  abun¬ 
dance  of  tannin,  the  latter  yielding  in 
addition  15  to  18  per  cent  of  a  fatty  oil. 
Grape  varieties  differ  chiefly  from  a 
chemical  standpoint  in  their  relative 
proportion  of  sugar  and  free  acids,  the 
Concord  analyzing  when  fully  ripened 
quite  close  to  the  average  quoted  above. 
The  sugar  of  grapes  is  the  true  or  na¬ 
tural  glucose,  and  principally  differs 
from  saccharose  or  cane  sugar  in  being 
less  sweet  to  the  taste  and  not  crys¬ 
tallizing  as  readily,  but  it  is  fully  as 
nourishing  and  digestible.  The  organic 
acids,  tartaric  and  malic,  and  the  acid 
salts  of  lime  and  potassa  contained  in 
ripe  grapes  have  always  been  consid¬ 
ered  highly  acceptable  to  the  blood, 
rendering  it  in  the  ordinary  course  of 
digestive  decomposition  alkaline  rather 
than  acid,  and  enriching  it  with  very 
necessary  mineral  compounds.  Un fer¬ 
mented  grape  juice  is  regarded  as  a 
blood-maker  instead  of  an  impoverisher. 
The  “grape-cure”  of  central  Europe, 
consisting  of  the  unlimited  consumption 
of  ripe  grapes  and  fresh  must  or  grape 
juice,  has  been  used  with  advantage  in 
cases  of  anaemia  and  other  wasting 
diseases.  If  one  avoids  the  indigestion 
caused  by  excessive  quantities  of  grape 
skins  and  seeds,  and  eats  only  sound, 
thoroughly  ripened  fruits  of  the  Con¬ 
cord  or  any  other  good  variety,  the 
chances  of  dying  of  comfortable  old 
age  are  vastly  greater  than  of  having 
the  blood  “dried  up”  by  the  consump¬ 
tion  of  grape  acids.  v. 


other  varieties  now  listed  are  forgotten. 
To  save  answering  hundreds  of  letters 
that  are  coming  to  me  from  R.  N.-Y. 
readers,  will  you  say  that  not  a  single 
tree  of  this  peach  has  yet  been  propa¬ 
gated  for  sale,  but  in  due  season  it  will 
be  liberally  advertised  to  your  readers? 

j.  H.  HALE. 


Belting  Questions. 

Will  some  one  tell  whnt  is  the  advantage, 
if  any,  between  a  short  and  long  belt  when 
running  any  kind  of  machine,  and  which 
is  the  best,  a  straight  or  twisted  belt? 

West  Virginia.  J.  t.  tuovill. 


SEE™lsSAW 


Appleton  Wood  Saws 
ARE  GUARANTEED 
Get  Our  Free  Booklet — It 

describes  and  illustrates 
the  different  styles  and 
will  help  you  pick  out  the 
very  saw  you  need.  As  we 
manufacture  an  extensive 
line  of  saws,  you  cannot 
choose  without  this  book¬ 
let.  IV rite  now . 
APPLETON  MFG.  CO. 

E*t.  87  Fargo  Street 
1872  Batavia,  Ill. 


Rent  a  Farm 

and  be  compelled  to  pay  to  your  landlord  most  of 
your  hard-earned  prortts!  Own  your  own 
farm.  Secure  a  Free  Homestead  1  n 
Manitoba,  Saskatchewan  or  Al- 
|  berta.  or  purchase  land  In  one 
of  these  districts  and  bank  a 
profit  fromljSlO.OO  to  $12. 00 
an  acre  every  year. 

Land  purchased  three  years 
ago  at  *10.00  an  acre  has  recently 
1  changed  hands  at  *25.00  an  acre. 
The  crops  grown  on  these  lands 
|  warrant  the  advance.  You  can 

Become  Rich 

by  cattle  raising,  dairying,  mixed  farm¬ 
ing  and  grain  growing  In  the  Provinces 
of  Manitoba,  Saskatchewan  and 
Alberta  In  Western  Canada. 

Free  homestead  and  pre-emption 
areas,  as  well  as  land  held  by  railway 
and  land  companies,  will  provide 
homes  for  millions. 

Adaptable  soil, healthful  climate, 
splendid  schools  and  churches  and 
good  railways. 

For  settlers’  rates,  descriptive  litera¬ 
ture  "Last  Best  West,”  how  to  reach  the 
country  and  other  particulars,  write  to 
Sup't  of  Immigration,  Ottawa,  Canada, 
or  to  the  Canadian  Gov’t  Agent. 

J.  S.  CRAWFORD 

30  Syracuse  Savings  Bunk  Bldg, 
Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


New  Times, 

New  Things 

The  old  fertilizer 
formulas  are  giving 
way  to  the  new.  At 
everyfarmers’  meeting 
i  one  subject  should  be 
the  fertilizer  formula 
that  will  furnish  a  balanced  ration  to  the  crop  and  keep  up  the  fertility 
of  the  soil.  To  do  this  the  fertilizer  should  contain  at  least  as  much 

POTASH 

as  Phosphoric  Acid.  Our  note  book  has  condensed  facts  essential 
in  farmers’  meetings  and  plenty  of  space  to  record  the  new  things 
that  you  hear.  Let  us  send  one  to  you  before  your  Institute  meets. 

A  supply  of  these  is  furnished  by  request  to  every  institute  held  in  several  states. 
We  will  be  glad  to  send  a  supply  delivered  free  of  charge  to  every  Institute,  Grange 
or  Farmers’  Club  Officer  on  request.  It  contains  no  advertising  matter. 

GERMAN  KALI  WORKS,  Inc. 

Continental  Building,  Baltimore,  Md.  Monadnock  Block,  Chicago,  Ill. 

93  Nassau  Street,  New  Y ork 


You  get  all  the  high-efficiency  of  the 
biggest  and  most  powerful  spray¬ 
ing  outfits  in  the  medium-priced 


POWER  SPRAYER 


High-Pressure,  Large  Capacity,  Light  Weight,  Low  Center  of  Gravity 

Fully  equal  to  our  famous  “Giant”  in  ail  mechanical  advantages,  only  of  slightly 
less  capacity.  Same  make  of  engine,  pump,  tank,  etc.;  new  1912  Bean  Pressure 
Regulator,  etc. 

This  is  the  best  value  proposition  we  have  ever  been  able  to  make  and  meets  the 
requirements  of  75%  of  all  growers. 

WRITE  TODAY  FOR  FULL  PARTICULARS 

THE  BEAN  SPRAY  PUMP  CO.  109  Front  St.,  BEREA.  OHIO 


TO  KIEL 

San  Jose  Scale 

USE 

Bergenport  Brand  Sulphur 

The  best  sulphur  for  Limo  Sulphur  Solution. 
Combines  easily  and  quickly  with  lime.  Write  to 

T.  &  S.  C.  WHITE  &  CO. 
BERGENPORT  SULPHUR  WORKS 
100  W'illiam  Street,  New  York 


San  Jose  Scale  Killer 

KIL-O-SCALE  is  the  most  reliable  rem¬ 
edy  for  Scale.  Ready  for  use  by  simply 
mixing  with  water.  Also  Lime,  Sulphur 
and  Spraying  Outfits.  Write  for  cata¬ 
logue. 

Henry  A-  Dreer,  Philadelphia,  Pa 


Bigger  Fruit  Profils 

Here  is  a  spray  pump  invented 
by  fruit  growers.  It  was  our 
endeavor  to  secure  the  best 
spray  pump  to  use  on  our 
300  acre  fruit  farm  that 
produced  the 

ECLIPSE 

SPRAY  PUMP 

It  overcomes  every  defect  found 
in  other  makes— it  has  proved  it¬ 
self  best  in  actual  work.  Put  an 
Eclipse  to  work  on  your  trees  and 
earn  bigger  profits.  Wrlteforour 
fully  illustrated  catalogue.  It  tells 
why  you  should  spray— and  why 
you  should  do  it  with  an  Eclipse. 
It’s  free.  Write  to-day. 

MORRILL  A  MORLEY  MFG.  CO.,  Benton  Harbor,  Mloh. 


FOR  MENDING  HARNESS 


shoes,  tents,  awnings,  pulley  belts,  car- 
isos,  bugj 


It  takes 
a  wax  ■ 
thread, 

from  spool  and 
does  the  work  of 
any  harness  maker 
machine.  It  is  indls- 
pensable  for  farmers. 

Agents  wanted,  bent  prepaid 
for  $1.25.  Bend  at  once  for 
catalog.  STEWART-SKINNER  CO. 
35  Hermon  Street,  Worcester,  Mass. 


pets,  saddles,  suit  cases,  buggy  tops, 
dash  boards,  or  any  heavy  material. 

Stkwaht’b  Automatic) 
Awl  is  the  only  per- 
feet  Bowing 
Awl. 


Sash  that  pay  for 
themselves 


We  know  of  instances  where  Sunlight  Double  Glass  Sash 
have  grown  crops  so  much  earlier  and  so  much  better  that  the 
extra  prices  they  brought  on  the  early  market  paid  for  the 
glass  themselves. 

Two  layers  of  glass  instead  of  one 

The  enclosed  dry  air  space  means  that  the  sash  arc  never 
covered— and  the  plants  get  all  the  light  all  the  time — and 
this  accounts  for  their  rapid  growth  and  sturdiness.  Even  in 
zero  weather  you  need  not  cover  Sunlight  Double  Glass  Sash. 


Send  for  these  books 


One  is  our  free  catalog;  the  other  is  a  book  on  hot-beds 
and  cold-frames  by  Professor  Massey.  It  is  authoritative  and 
of  vital  interest  to  all  professional  growers.  4c  in  stamps 
will  bring  Professor  Massey’s  book 
in  addition  to  the  catalog. 


Sunlight  Double 
Glass  Sash  Co. 


924  E.  Broadway,  Louisville,  Ky. 


AGENTS  iooOrofit 

13  In  One 

Just  out* 

Patented.  New  Useful  Combinations 
,ow  priced.  Agents  aroused.  Sales  easy.  Every  homo  needs 
ools.  Here  are  15  tools  In  one.  Essex,  Co.,  n.  Y.  agent  sold  100 
Irst  few  days.  Mechanic  in  shop  sold  50  to  fellow  workmen, 
lig  snap  to  hustlers.  Just  writo  a  postal— say :  Give  mo  spocial 
nnfidential  terms.  Ten-Inch  sample  free  if  you  moan  business. 


Big  Stumps  Pulled 

Quick  and  Easy  ZTrB'Z". 

Fulls  an  acre  a  day.  It  doubles  land  values.  Enables  you  to 
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his 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Home* 

Established  /SCO 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 

Herbert  W.  Collingwood,  President  and  Editor. 

Jons  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

M  m.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Koyle,  Associate  Editor. 


SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union.  $2.04.  equal  to  8s.  Gd.,  or 
834  marks,  or  10J4  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  00  cents  per  agate  line — 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  us  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  lie  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  trifling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural  Nf.w-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

The  National  Food  and  Drug  Board  has  made  an 
important  ruling  on  cider  vinegar  to  the  effect  that 
it  must  be  the  pure  juice  of  fresh  apples,  without  any 
addition  of  water.  Vinegar  made  from  dried  apples, 
chops,  skins  and  cores  must  be  plainly  labeled  in  some 
manner  to  show  its  source,  and  where  water  has 
been  added  to  cider  vinegar  the  label  must  state  this 
fact. 

* 

VicE-President  Sherman  recently  appeared  in  a 
new  suit  to  illustrate  a  tariff  argument.  He  bought 
four  yards  of  cloth  for  $8.44  and  paid  $40  more  for 
having  the  suit  made,  with  buttons  and  lining.  About 
five  pounds  of  wool  were  used  in  making  the  cloth.  It 
would  he  a  good  problem  in  arithmetic  to  figure  what 
share  of  the  consumer’s  dollar  the  wool  grower  re¬ 
ceived  ! 

* 

A  friend  went  to  an  apple  show  and  came  back 
telling  of  the  prominent  features.  One  was  the  great 
display  of  fine  apples: 

The  other  feature  was  the  large  number  of  city  people 
of  means  and  with  none,  who  have  bought  10-acre  plots  in 
orchards  to  be  planted.  They  have  paid  from  $150  an 
acre  up  and  located  it  anywhere  from  Maryland  to  Texas 
and  are  already  counting  the  fortune  they  will  make. 

There  has  been  a  perfect  craze  for  investment  in 
these  so-called  “unit”  orchards.  We  have  steadily 
refused  to  advertise  such  propositions  or  to  advise 
any  investment  in  them.  Some  of  them  are  backed 
by  good  men  and  look  reasonable,  but  we  have  yet 
to  find  one  in  which  we  would  invest  a  dollar  of 
our  own  money.  If  a  large  orchard  now  in  good 
bearing  is  to  be  cut  up  into  small  lots,  that  may  be  a 
safe  proposition,  but  we  would  not  pay  out  good 
money  for  others  to  handle  in  growing  our  trees. 
These  people  will  have  great  fun  counting  imaginary 
money  until  the  time  comes  for  coining  it  into  the 
real  thing. 

In  his  book  on  “Fertilizers  and  Manures,”  Prof.  A. 
D.  Hall  gives  this  quotation  from  the  great  German 
chemist,  Liebig : 

England  is  robbing  ail  other  countries  of  their  fertility. 
Already  in  her  eagerness  for  bones  she  has  turned  up 
tlie  battlefields  of  Leipsic  and  Waterloo,  and  of  the 
Crimea ;  already  from  the  catacombs  of  Sicily  she  has 
carried  away  the  skeletons  of  many  successive  generations. 
Annually  she  removes  from  the  shores  of  other  countries 
to  her  own  the  manurial  equivalent  of  three  million 
and  a  half  of  men  whom  she  takes  from  us  the  means 
of  supporting  and  squanders  down  her  sejrers  to  the 
sen.  Like  a  vampire  she  hangs  upon  the  neck  of  Europe, 
nay,  of  the  whole  world,  and  sucks  the  heart  blood  from 
nations. 

This  fearful  burst  was  called  out  by  the  fact  that 
England  was  first  of  the  old  nations  to  realize  that 
she  could  not  maintain  her  land  without  importing 
plant  food.  For  centuries  English  farmers  believed 
and  taught  that  a  system  of  live  stock  keeping — feed¬ 
ing  all  crops  on  the  farm — would  keep  up  the  soil 
indefinitely.  Yet  there  came  a  time  when  in  spite 
of  the  live  stock  crops  began  to  fail.  On  the  best 
soil  it  required  centuries  to  bring  this  about,  but  it 
came  as  surely  as  fate.  Then  began  that  world-wide 
search  for  plant  food  which  aroused  Liebig.  The 
hones  whitening  on  the  desert,  the  nitrate  from  South 
America,  guano  from  the  islands  of  the  sea,  sulphate 
of  ammonia  from  the  fumes  of  factory  chimneys, 
the  deposits  in  bat  caverns,  ashes  from  seaweeds  and 
potash  from  the  German  mines.  England  reached  out 
for  them  all  as  it  became  evident  that  plant  food  must 
be  imported  in  order  to  maintain  crop  yields.  From 
cursing  her  the  other  nations  fell  into  imitation,  and 


finally  became  competitors  in  the  fierce  search  for 
plant  food.  That  has  been  the  history  of  agriculture 
everywhere.  For  years,  sometimes  for  centuries, 
strong  soil  is  maintained  through  live  stock  feeding, 
but  sooner  or  later  the  loss  is  felt.  The  long  pro¬ 
cession  of  animals  or  the  flood  of  milk  passing  from 
the  farm  carries  nitrogen,  potash  and  phosphoric  acid 
pound  by  pound  until  the  loss  is  felt.  Many  of  us 
can  remember  when  Western  farmers  and  the  West¬ 
ern  experiment  stations  laughed  at  the  idea  of  using 
chemicals.  Now  they  are  coming  slowly  to  it.  The 
corncob  ashes  in  Kansas  and  the  ground  phosphate 
rock  in  Illinois  only  mark  the  beginning  of  as  wide  a 
use  of  chemicals  as  now  prevails  in  the  East.  If  our 
Western  friends  do  not  believe  this  they  have  but  to 
study  the  history  of  English  and  European  agricul¬ 
ture  and  see  how  farmers  have  in  time  been  driven 
to  the  use  of  chemicals.  Let  them  also  study  the 
agriculture  of  the  Atlantic  coast,  and  they  will  find 
the  most  prosperous  farmers  where  the  most  chemi¬ 
cals  are  used! 

* 

The  R.  N.-Y.  cannot  he  accused  of  being  a  per¬ 
sonal  organ  for  President  Taft,  or  of  advocating  his 
renomination.  It  seems  to  us  that  whenever  he  has 
taken  occasion  to  discuss  public  questions  in  their  re¬ 
lation  to  farming  he  has  shown  a  strange,  almost 
childish,  misconception  of  the  needs  and  the  thought 
of  real  farmers.  In  other  smaller  matters  of  admin¬ 
istration  he  has  made  what  seem  to  be  remarkable 
blunders.  It  must  be  said,  however,  that  now  and 
then  when  the  conditions  arise  to  call  out  his  real  tal¬ 
ents  the  President  rises  to  the  occasion  and  shows 
himself  a  great  and  strong  man.  Such  an  occasion 
was  found  at  the  recent  great  dinner  given  at  Pitts¬ 
burgh.  This  place  is  the  nursery  and  hotbed  of 
monopoly  and  political  graft.  Arrangements  were 
evidently  made  to  “put  President  Taft  in  a  hole.” 
An  eloquent  speaker  was  engaged  to  precede  him  and 
make  an  argument  for  the  repeal  of  the  Sherman 
anti-trust  law  which,  if  enforced,  will  send  some  of 
the  very  gentlemen  who  organized  this  nice  little 
dinner  trap  to  jail.  They  evidently  expected  that  the 
President  would  flinch  before  those  rich  and  influen¬ 
tial  members  of  his  party.  It  was  a  hard  situation 
but  President  Taft  met  it  like  a  great  man: 

The  two  decisions  last  Spring,  in  my  Judgment,  give  the 
law  definite  meaning  that  any  combination  in  restraint  of 
trade  with  the  purpose  of  controlling  prices  and  stifling 
competition  is  a  violation  of  the  statute.  Men  know 
whether  they  intend  to  stifle  competition  and  control 
prices,  and  all  that  is  necessary  in  a  court  of  law  is  to 
prove  the  combination  and  the  intent. 

Only  one  course  is  open.  Either  we  will  have  individ¬ 
ualism  or  we  will  have  combinations  in  restrain  of  trade 
going  to  that  point  where  the  people  will  demand  that 
the  power  of  men  engaged  in  such  corporations  be  trans¬ 
ferred  to  the  Government.  And  then  we  will  have  State 
socialism. 

yhis  incident  reveals  the  President  at  his  best — • 
calm,  clear,  strong  and  convincing.  When  you  come 
to  realize  the  character  of  that  audience  and  the  whole 
situation  you  can  readily  see  that  no  ordinary  man 
could  have  met  it  in  this  way.  Another  strong  factor 
of  the  Taft  administration,  not  generally  recognized, 
is  the  powerful  crusade  against  the  fraudulent  use 
of  the  mails.  Nothing  like  it  was  ever  done  before. 
As  stated  above,  it  seems  to  us  that  President  Taft 
has  failed  to  comprehend  the  spirit  and  desires  of 
our  farmers,  yet  we  are  frank  to  say  that  he  is  a 
clean  man  and  a  great  man  when  conditions  demand  it. 

4! 

We  have  had  our  say  about  the  “wizards”  and  the 
plant  fakers  who  hold  up  the  people  for  the  price  of 
worthless  novelties.  Now  let  us  speak  of  a  worthy 
and  useful  man  who  has  given  the  world  real  value 
in  new  fruits.  This  is  J.  W.  Stubenrauch  of  Texas. 
You  will  find  an  article  by  him  on  page  1110.  Mr. 
Stubenrauch  gave  us  the  Carman  peach.  A  white 
peach,  it  ranks  with  Elberta  in  popularity,  and  has 
made  fortunes  for  peach  growers.  Yet  Mr.  Stuben¬ 
rauch  received  little  or  nothing  for  it.  His  other 
peaches,  mentioned  in  the  article,  have,  we  believe, 
great  value,  and  will  in  their  time  extend  the  peach 
season.  In  the  future,  men  will  obtain  great  wealth 
from  the  sale  of  these  varieties,  and  it  seems  to  us  a 
shame  that  a  modest,  hard-working  man  like  Mr. 
Stubenrauch  cannot  receive  fair  recompense  for  his 
labor  and  skill.  He  needs  it,  for  his  sight  is  failing, 
and  he  may  he  forced  to  sit  for  the  rest  of  life  in 
darkness.  A  man  may  invent  a  mop-handle  or  a 
mousetrap  and  be  fully  protected  in  his  income  from 
their  sale.  Most  of  the  men  who  have  given  us 
the  new  fruits  which  have  made  horticulture  a  great 
business  have  gone  unrewarded  to  the  grave,  and 
often  suffered  poverty  and  want.  Is  there  no  way 
in  which  a  man  like  Mr.  Stubenrauch  can  he  fairly 
protected  in  the  sale  of  these  peaches?  We  have  had 
the  pleasure  of  helping  to  chase  certain  frauds  and 
fakers  off  the  map,  and  shutting  up  the  prolific  mouth 


November  1$, 

of  others.  It  would  give  us  far  greater  pleasure  if 
we  could  only  aid  such  men.  as  our  old  friend  from 
Texas  in  obtaining  a  fair  return  for  their  work  in 
producing  new  varieties. 

4s 

Concentrated  lime-sulphur  for  spraying!  Millions 
of  gallons  will  he  used.  We  want  to  know  the  best 
method  of  making  it.  The  great  majority  of  us  will 
do  better  to  buy  some  reliable  ready-made  brand,  but 
there  are  some  large  fruit  growers  and  others  who 
want  to  boil  the  concentrate  at  home.  What  is  the 
best  way  to  do  it?  We  mean  the  best  form  of  boiler 
and  the  best  form  of  heat.  It  may  be  that  steam  does 
not  give  the  best  method  of  cooking.  We  learn 
things  from  R.  N.-Y.  readers,  and  we  expect  to  get 
this  information  from  the  old,  reliable  source. 

4e 

In  England  there  are  cooperative  farmers’  unions 
which  enable  farmers  to  buy  and  sell  to  advantage 
and  also  give  mutual  protection  in  legal  matters.  The 
Mark  Lane  Express  reports  the  first  case  on  record 
of  damages  to  a  farm  by  a  flying  machine: 

During  the  Circuit  of  Britain  race  last  Summer  M.  do 
Montaleut,  one  of  the  competitors  in  the  event,  found 
himself  forced  to  descend  in  a  barley  field  at  Ulley.  This 
did  not  do  much  damage  iu  itself,  but  the  public  flocked 
across  the  field  to  get  a  glimpse  of  the  machine,  and  badly 
trampled  down  the  barley.  The  Rotherham  branch  of  the 
Farmers’  Union  decided  to  support  the  claim  sent  in  by 
Mr.  Beevers,  and  the  matter  came  up  before  the  Executive. 
Mr.  Job  explained  that  on  October  2  he  wrote  to  the 
Royal  Aero  Club,  and  on  the  4th  he  received  a  reply  stat¬ 
ing  they  had  duly  received  bis  letter  and  had  forwarded 
check  for  £2  11s.  to  Mr.  Beevers  in  settlement  of  his 
claim.  They  thanked  the  Farmers’  Union  on  behalf  of 
the  foreign  competitor  for  the  settlement  it  had  made. 
Mr.  Beevers  had  also  written  him  (Mr.  Job)  that  he  had 
pleasure  in  stating  he  had  received  a  check  for  £2  11s. 
for  damage  done  to  his  crops  by  Monsieur  Montaleut,  and 
thanked  the  Union  for  the  trouble  it  had  taken. 

Thanking  a  farmer  for  sending  a  bill  for  damages 
fs  a  new  one  on  this  side  of  the  water!  He  usually 
gets  the  other  thing  when  he  goes  alone.  Tt  was  the 
Union  that  did  it.  This  was  demonstrated  by  the 
report  on  another  case  where  the  Union  sued  the 
owners  of  a  coal  plant  for  damages  done  to  crops  by 
fumes  from  the  chimneys. 

Mr.  Swift  said  the  case  had  done  the  Farmers’  Union  a 
great  amount  of  good.  The  farmer  who  lived  on  the 
farm  previously  to  the  one  who  fought  this  case  was 
frightened  out  of  many  a  pound.  He  went  with  his  hat  in 
liis  hand  in  a  pleading  sort  of  way.  and  was  told  he 
could  fight  them  if  he  chose.  Then  another  tenant  came 
and  lived  on  the  farm,  who  was  made  of  a  different  bit  of 
stuff,  and  who  knew  he  had  the  Farmers’  Union  at  his 
back,  and  who  made  a  claim. 

The  Union  won  the  case.  That  points  the  way  for 
American  farmers.  Tf  we  had  $5  for  every  farmer 
who  has  gone  “with  his  hat  in  his  hand  in  a  pleading 
sort  of  way” — and  got  nothing — we  could  redeem 
thousands  of  mortgaged  farms.  We  must  have  fight¬ 
ing  organizations  like  this  English  Farmers’  Union  in 
this  country. 

BREVITIES. 

The  British  Post  Office  Department  not  only  controls 
the  telephone,  but  will  send  wireless  messages  which 
reach  ships  anywhere  within  100  miles  off  the  coast. 

English  farmers  are  now  telling  the  record  of  big  pota¬ 
toes  they  have  known.  One  man  claims  to  have  dug  one 
tuber  of  three  pounds  two  ounces,  and  another  two  pounds 
eight  ounces,  both  from  the  same  hill !  Next ! 

The  United  States  has  100  acres  in  tea  in  South  Caro¬ 
lina.  The  crop  this  year  will  be  about  12,000  pounds,  of 
very  fair  quality.  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  use  more 
tea  than  any  other  country,  the  total  consumption  for  a 
year  being  288,503,000  pounds,  or  nearly  6.39  pounds  per 
capita. 

Now  and  then  a  farmer  writes  his  experience  on  some 
practical  matter.  He  says  he  would  write  more,  but  is 
not  sure  that  his  English  is  perfect.  Never  mind  the 
English.  We  will  try  to  fix  that  if  need  be.  Some  articles 
have  nothing  but  “English”  iu  them.  Most  farmers  write 
sense,  which  is  worth  more. 

Da.  E.  P.  Felt,  New  York  State  Entomologist,  is  send¬ 
ing  out  a  warning  regarding  the  work  of  the  hickory  bark 
borer,  which  is  causing  destruction  in  many  localities. 
He  says  that  badly  injured  trees  should  be  cut  down 
during  the  Winter,  and  the  bark  burned  before  the  beetles 
can  emerge.  Wilting  leaves  and  dead  twigs  in  mid¬ 
summer  are  indications  of  this  trouble  in  hickories. 

French  epicures  are  lamenting  a  shortage  in  snails  and 
frogs,  both  of  which  have  been  affected  by  the  dry  Sum¬ 
mer.  As  a  result  of  the  drought  affecting  cabbage  and 
lettuce  it  is  reported  that  adult  snails  are  in  gaunt  con¬ 
dition.  while  the  young  ones  have  died  off  in  great  num¬ 
bers.  and  dealers  say  they  may  have  to  raise  the  price 
of  Red  Burgundy  snails  from  15  francs  to  40  francs  a 
thousand.  •» 

A  Boston  produce  man,  testifying  before  a  Massa¬ 
chusetts  commission  investigating  the  sale  of  cold  storage 
products,  stated  that  a  fresh  egg  put  in  storage  in  April 
would,  if  taken  out  in  August,  be  a  better  egg  than  one 
just  collected  from  the  hennery.  If  this  is  the  ease, 
produce  men  ought  to  educate  the  public  up  to  their 
standard,  and  not  permit  them  to  pay  50  cents  a  dozen 
for  “strictly  fresh,”  when  they  could  enjoy  delicious 
elderly  eggs  at  a  much  lower  figure. 


1911. 


THE  RUK.A.I>  NEW-YORKER 


me 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

On  June  18  last  I  sent  to'  Ameriean 
Woman's  League,  University  City,  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  certificates  for  which  I  paid  $9.50  in 
cash,  with  a  request  that  they  send  to  Casa 
Bianco  Poultry  Ranch,  R.  F.  D.  No.  1,  Ber¬ 
lin,  N.  J.,  the  following  publications  for  one 
year,  to  begin  with  July  issue  in  each  case: 
Live  Stock  Journal,  West  Virginia  Farmer, 
Black  Cat,  Smart  Set,  American  Boy,  Met* 
ropolitan  and  Pearson's  Magazine. 

On  July  27  my  wife  sent  them  $13.50  in 
certificates  which  she  paid  cash  in  full  for, 
requesting  magazines  as  follows  :  Opportun¬ 
ity,  Lippincott’s  Magazine,  American  Home 
Journal,  Independent  Magazine,  Review  of 
Reviews,  Taylor-Trotwood  Magazine,  Tech¬ 
nical  World,  all  to  begin  with  July  num¬ 
ber,  sent  to  Lucy  E.  Crowell,  R.  D.  No.  1, 
Berlin,  N.  J.  While  we  have  both  written 
them  repeatedly  we  can  get  no  reply,  nor 
do  we  get  any  of  the  magazines.  As  they 
are  agents  for  the  publishers  of  these  maga¬ 
zines,  if  they  do  not  forward  money  sent 
them  for  subscriptions,  are  they  not  just  as 
liable  for  same  as  an  individual  who  gets  a 
subscription  and  keeps  the  money?  Can 
you  assist  me  in  getting  the  magazines  we 
paid  for  or  having  the  money  paid  for 
them  refunded?  w.  h.  crowell. 

Berlin,  N.  J. 

Complaints  of  this  kind  are  numer¬ 
ous.  We  doubt  if  anything  can  be  done. 
Money  once  sent  Mr.  Lewis  for  any¬ 
thing  is  never  refunded  nor  ever  has 
been,  except  in  a  few  forced  cases.  Of 
course,  he  is  liable  in  such  a  case;  but 
what  good  is  that  when  he  refuses,  and 
there  is  no  way  to  make  him?  He  has 
been  so  skillful  in  mixing  up  liability 
he  is  in  a  position  to  shift  the  responsi¬ 
bility,  no  matter  whether  you  attempt 
to  hold  him  or  one  of  his  concerns  for 
it,  and  as  a  matter  of  fact  you  cai^  en¬ 
force  a  claim  against  none  of  them.  A 
good  many  of  the  women  have  found 
it  out,  and  acknowledge  it.  In  his  tes¬ 
timony  before  the  Congressional  com¬ 
mittee  in  Washington,  Mr.  Lewis  stated 
under  oath  that  the  object  of  creating 
the  League  was  to  organize  the  women 
as  subscription  agents  for  his  papers. 
This,  then,  was  the  purpose  of  the  lofty 
and  honorable  and  inspiring  principles 
of  American  Womanhood,  according  to 
Mr.  Lewis,  himself,  that  we  heard  so 
much  about  some  time  back. 

When  the  scheme  was  first  started 
The  R.  N.-Y.  told  the  women  that  the 
only  possible  purpose  of  it  was  to  se¬ 
cure  their  confidence  in  making  them 
promises  that  could  never  be  made 
good,  and  then  forming  an  excuse  to 
ask  them  for  other  contributions  of 
money  on  some  of  bis  frenzied  schemes. 
At  the  time  of  the  organization  he  had 
the  note  swindles  under  way,  but  the 
real  concentrated  onslaught  was  not 
made  on  the  League  until  he  sprung 
his  “Debenture”  straw-man  scheme  on 
them  in  the  Summer  of  1910.  Since 
then  we  do  not  see  how  he  could  well 
have  done  anything  more  than  he  has 
done  to  justify  our  prediction.  Lewis’s 
papers,  and  alleged  university,  and  art 
academy,  and  old  ladies’  home,  and  or¬ 
phan  asylum,  and  pawnshop,  and  what 
not,  all  had  one  purpose,  as  far  as  we 
can  see  from  his  record  and  his  use 
of  them.  That  purpose  was  to  win  the 
confidence  of  country  people  that  he 
might  collect  their  savings  and  use  it  in 
St.  Louis  to  aggrandize  himself  and  sat¬ 
isfy  his  vanity  and  his  cupidity  at  other 
people’s  expense. 

The  members  of  the  League  who 
were  taking  correspondence  as  a  privi¬ 
lege  and  a  condition  of  their  $52  mem¬ 
bership,  have  been  denied  the  service, 
such  as  it  was.  now  for  some  months, 
the  schools  alleging  the  reason  that 
they  had  not  been  paid  for  the  lessons 
already  given.  Now  he  shamefully 
comes  out  with  a  proposition  to  con¬ 
tinue  the  lessons,  provided  the  members 
pay  an  extra  stipulated  price  for  each 
lesson.  This  is  more  than  some  of  the 
alleged  teachers  can  stand  for.  Prof. 
John  Craig  of  Cornell  University  ad¬ 
vises  us  that  he  has  notified  the  Home 
Correspondence  School,  Springfield, 
Mass.,  that  his  resignation  will  be  pre¬ 
sented  absolutely  unless  he  gets  posi¬ 
tive  assurance  of  complete  separation 
from  the  Lewis  affiliations.  It  is  hardly 
conceivable  that  other  eminent  agricul¬ 
tural  teachers  will  longer  permit  them¬ 
selves  to  be  affiliated  with  a  concern 
which  is  described  by  a  United  States 
court  on  the  undisputed  evidence  be¬ 
fore  it  as  “one  of  the  most  gigantic 
swindles  of  recent  times.” 

But  from  it  all  you  see  how  helpless 
we  are  in  getting  back  riioney  once  sent 
to  Mr.  Lewis  or  his  enterprises. 

Snow  and  Water  Supply.— During  the 
last  two  years  the  Weather  Bureau  has 
made  systematic  measurements  of  the 
amount  of  snowfall  in  the  mountain  re¬ 
gions  of  the  West  for  the  purpose  of  de¬ 
termining  as  accurately  as  possible  the 
amount  of  water  available  for  agricultural 
and  commercial  interests  during  the  en¬ 
suing  Spring  and  Summer  seasons.  In 
connection  with  the  study  of  snowfall  and 
its  consequent  runoff,  a  systematic  snow 
survey  was  begun  in  the  watershed  of 
Maple  Creek,  near  Springville,  Utah.  It 
Is  thought  that  within  two  years  sufficient 
observations  will  have  been  obtained  to 
permit  of  accurate  forecasts  of  water  sup¬ 
ply  from  the  Winter  snowfall. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — An  Italian  kidnapper,  Vito 
Micelli,  was  sentenced  in  New  York  General 
Sessions,  November  1  to  from  25  to  50 
years  in  State  prison.  Michele  Seimeca,  the 
three-year-old  son  of  Dr.  Mariano  Scimeca, 
was  stolen  by  Micelli  June  21,  1910.  He 
was  returned  on  September  9,  1910,  after 
his  father,  who  had  received  many  threaten¬ 
ing  letters,  had  paid  $1,700  to  a  man  with 
whom  he  had  an  appointment  in  a  Brooklyn 
park. 

Fire  in  the  business  section  of  London, 
Ont.,  November  3,  caused  damage  amount¬ 
ing  to  $870,000.  with  a  total  insurance  of 
$855,000.  Five  hundred  people  were  thrown 
out  of  employment.  The  fire  originated  in 
the  store  of  J.  II.  Chapman  &  Co.  The 
Purdon  Hardware  Company’s  plant  was 
among  those  that  were  totally  destroyed. 

November  3  the  New  lrork  Court  of  Ap¬ 
peals  affirmed  a  judgment  of  the  lower 
courts  for  $30,152  in  favor  of  Charles  Mc- 
Michael  against  the  Federal  Printing  Com¬ 
pany  of  New  York  city.  While  employed  in 
the  company's  printing  plant  as  a  paper 
cutter  in  October,  1908.  McMichael  lost  one 
hand  and  a  part  of  the  other.  He  alleged 
that  the  paper  cutter  he  was  using  was  not 
in  good  condition.  , 

The  list  kept  by  the  United  States  Biologi¬ 
cal  Survey  of  hunting  fatalities  in  this 
country  has  already  been  increased  this  year 
by  47  names.  From  this  information  the 
bureau  hopes  after  a  few  years  to  be  able 
to  deduce  general  principles  which  will 
be  of  value  in  framing  “life-saving”  Federal 
and  State  game  laws.  “One  fact  which  we 
have  learned  during  the  three  years  we  have 
kept  this  record.”  said  Dr.  T.  S.  Palmer, 
chief  of  the  bureau,  “is  that  there  are  prac¬ 
tically  no  deer-hunting  accidents  in  States 
which  prohibit  the  shooting  of  does.  This 
is  because  in  these  States  the  hunter  hesi¬ 
tates  a  moment  before  firing  to  determine 
whether  the  animal  is  a  doe  or  a  buck.  In 
case  the  animal  happens  to  be  of  the  two- 
legged  variety,  that  brief  pause  before  pull¬ 
ing  the  trigger  is  enough  to  save  human 
life.” 

The  severe  October  storm  which  swept 
Northern  waters  badly  damaged  the  fishing 
fleet,  according  to  a  letter  from  Dr.  Wilfred 
T.  Grenfell,  the  missionary  physician,  writ¬ 
ten  at  Red  Bay,  Labrador.  Dr.  Grenfell  re¬ 
ports  that  six  vessels  were  wrecked,  includ¬ 
ing  his  own  costly  auxiliary  yacht,  the  An¬ 
drew  McCosh.  which  was  given  to  the  Labra¬ 
dor  mission  by  Princeton  University.  The 
other  vessels  lost  were  schooners.  The 
crews  escaped.  The  McCosh  was  wrecked 
at  L’Anse  Amour  while  on  her  way  to  take 
off  Dr.  Harrison  Webster,  of  Boston,  who 
is  stationed  at"  Battle  Harbor,  and  who  was 
visiting  a  patient  at  Porteau  Lighthouse. 
Dr.  Grenfell  was  not  on  board.  Laden  with 
tons  of  clothing,  medicines  and  other  neces¬ 
saries  for  the  missions  at  St.  Anthony  and 
Pilley’s  Island.  N.  F„  and  Labrador,  Dr. 
W.  T.  Grenfell’s  missionary  schooner,  the 
George  B.  Clnett.  sailed  from  Boston,  No¬ 
vember  1,  for  the  north. 

That  the  Austin.  Pa.,  dam  was  faulty  in 
design  and  construction  is  the  opinion  of  the 
two  engineers  who  testified  before  the  cor¬ 
oner  November  2.  Prof.  Frank  P.  McKib- 
bin.  teacher  of  civil  engineering  in  Lehigh 
University,  said  lie  had  examined  the  Austin 
dam  after  the  disaster  of  September  30.  He 
found  that  it  showed  a  faulty  foundation, 
composed  in  the  main  of  sandstone  and 
thin  shale,  the  layers  inclining  down  stream, 
and  that  many  of  the  shale  layers  w’ere 
rotten,  that  th.e  base  was  level  and  not 
stepped  to  prevent  sliding,  that  the  cross 
sections  were  not  heavy  enough,  that  there 
were  large  horizontal  construction  joints 
that  admitted  water,  that  large  stones  of  a 
poor  nature  were  embedded  in  the  structure, 
that  its  condition  was  such  that  in  his 
opinion  it  was  not  safe  to  fill  it  more  than 
half  full  of  water.  Prof.  Alfred  D.  Flinn, 
department  engineer  of  the  Board  of  Water 
Supply  of  New  York,  gave  testimony  which 
substantiated  all  that  Prof.  McKibbin  had 
said. 

.T.  Lewis  Armstrong,  president  of  the 
First  Realty  Corporation ;  F.  Pierce  Dono- 
vin,  vice-president,  and  J.  W.  MacDonald, 
secretary,  were  held  in  Philadelphia  No¬ 
vember  2,  for  the  Federal  Grand  Jury, 
charged  with  using  the  mails  to  defraud 
in  selling  land  at  Parkside,  Southampton, 
L.  I.  The  company  had  its  main  offiee  in 
Philadelphia,  and  a  branch  at  18  West 
Thirty-fourth  street.  New  York.  A  South¬ 
ampton  lumberman,  Henry  H.  Post,  testi¬ 
fied  before  United  States  Commissioner 
Craig  that  he  sold  a  small  tract  of  land  to 
the  company  for  $25  an  acre.  The  buyers 
divided  the  tract  into  small  lots  which  they 
sold  for  $59.20  a  lot,  mostly  to  persons 
in  Southern  and  Western  States  who  be¬ 
lieved  what  they  had  read  about  the  prop¬ 
erty  in  the  company’s  circulars  and  what 
they  were  told  by  -traveling  agents.  On 
the  maps  used  by  the  agents  the  lots  were 
very  near  a  railroad,  but  it  was  testified 
that  the  railroad  is  a  mile  away  and  that 
the  attractive  home  sites  depicted  in  the 
circulars  were  really  waste  land. 

C.  P.  Rodgers  finished  his  transcontinen¬ 
tal  flight  November  5.  when  he  descended 
at  Pasadena,  Cal.  He  started  September 
17,  and  during  the  trip  he  covered  4.141 
miles  in  4,846  minutes  actual  flying  time. 

Armour  &  Co.  have  followed  the  example 
set  by  a  number  of  this  country’s  railroads 
and  other  big  corporations  in  the  last  ten 
years,  and  have  started  a  pension  plan  for 
the  benefit  of  55.000  employees.  The  com¬ 
pany  itself  has  set  aside  $1,000,000  to  start 
the  pension  fund.  The  55,000  employees 
will  pay  three  per  cent,  of  their  salaries'  an¬ 
nually  into  the  fund,  and  will  receive  two 
per  cent,  of  their  salaries  at  the  time  of 
their  retirement  for  each  year  they  have 
served.  Employees,  for  example,  who  have 
served  the  company  25  years  will  receive  an 
annual  income  equal  to  50  per  cent,  of 
their  salary  at  the  time  of  their  retirement. 
Employees  who  have  served  the  company  for 
20  years  will  receive  an  annual  income  of 
40  per  cent,  of  their  salary  at  the  time  of 
their  retirement. 

Early  election  returns  November  8  show 
that  Massachusetts  re-elected  Governor  Foss 
(Dem.),  and  a  Republican  Lieutenant-Gov¬ 
ernor,  Luce,  while  the  Republicans  gained 
slightly  in  the  Legislature.  An  overturn  in 
New  Jersey  makes  the  Legislature  Repub¬ 
lican.  New  York  shows  Republican  gains, 
while  Kentucky  has  a  Democratic  land¬ 
slide.  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  has  elected  a 
Socialist  Mayor ;  Toledo,  O.  elected  its  In- 
dependent  Mayor,  Brand  Whitlock,  for  a 


fourth  term,  while  the  entire  City  Council 
is  also  Independent.  San  Francisco  has 
defeated  the  Union  Labor  ticket,  electing  a 
Board  of  Supervisors  almost  solid  against 
it.  In  Cincinnati.  O.,  the  Cox  machine  can¬ 
didate  for  Mayor  was  defeated,  and  the 
whole  city  seems  to  have  gone  Democratic. 
Virginia  is  Democratic,  Rhode  Island  Re¬ 
publican.  Kansas  shows  Democratic  gains. 
In  Maryland  a  Republican  Governor  was 
elected  for  the  second  time  in  30  years. 
Philadelphia  (looted  Rudolph  Blankenburg 
Mayor  on  the  Democratic-Keystone  party 
ticket,  defeating  George  H.  Earle,  Jr.,  the 
candidate  of  United  States  Senator  Pen¬ 
rose. 

Beginning  November  1.  South  Carolina 
nurseries  are  required  to  be  inspected  by 
the  State  Entomologist,  to  whom  applica¬ 
tion  must  be  made  for  inspection. 

The  Mississippi  Nurserymen's  Associa¬ 
tion  has  been  organized,  with  the  following 
officers :  President,  J.  R.  Woodham  of  the 
Newton  (Miss.)  Nurseries;  secretary-treas¬ 
urer,  It.  W.  Harned,  entomologist  at  the 
Mississippi  A.  and  M.  College. 

OBITUARY.— Norman  J.  Colman,  first 
Secretary  of  Agriculture  of  the  United 
States,  died  November  3.  He  was  born  at 
Richfield  Springs  in  1827  and  educated  in 
the  public  schools.  In  1847  he  removed  to 
Kentucky,  where  he  taught  school  for  a 
brief  season.  Then  he  took  up  the  study  of 
law  at  the  Louisville  Law  School,  from 
which  he  was  graduated  in  1851.  He  be¬ 
gan  practice  at  New  Albany,  Ind.  He 
moved  to  St.  Louis  and  established  “Col- 
man’s  Rural  World.”  which  he  edited  for 
the  rest  of  his  life.  He  was  known  as  the 
dean  of  agricultural  editors  in  the  United 
States.  When  the  Civil  War  broke  out  he 
entered  as  lientenant-colonel  of  the  85th 
Enrolled  Militia  of  Missouri  and  served 
through  the  war.  In  1885  he  became 
United  States  Commissioner  of  Agriculture, 
and  when  the  department  was  elevated  to 
Cabinet  rank  he  became  the  first  Secretary, 
serving  under  the  Cleveland  administration 
from  February  11  to  March  4,  1889.  In 
1885  he  issued  the  call  and  presided  over 
the  convention  of  delegates  from  agricul¬ 
tural  colleges  in  the  United  States,  and 
urged  upon  Congress  the  adoption  of  laws 
creating  the  present  system  of  experiment 
stations  in  connection  with  agricultural  col¬ 
leges.  Mr.  Column's  most  noted  achieve¬ 
ment  while  Secretary  of  Agriculture  was  the 
establishment  of  government  experiment  sta¬ 
tions  and  the  stamping  out  of  pleuro-pneu- 
monia,  which  ravaged  the  cattle  stock  of 
the  country  with  many  millions  of  dollars 
of  loss.  The  Department  of  Agriculture  had 
not  then  attained  the  wide  importance  and 
the  comprehensive  field  that  it  has  since  de¬ 
veloped. 


NEW  YORK  FARMERS’  INSTITUTES. 

List  of  places,  dates  and  local  corre¬ 
spondents  for  Farmers’  Institutes  in  New 
York  State: 

District  No.  1,  Jared  Van  Wagenen,  Jr., 
conductor,  Lawyei’sville. 

Burke,  Dec.  4,  A.  J.  Moe,  Burke. 

Malone,  Dec.  4-5,  L.  L.  Foote,  Malone. 
Brushton,  Dec.  5-6,  Timothy  O’Connell, 
Moria. 

Dickinson  Center,  Dec.  7,  N.  C.  Aiken,  Dick¬ 
inson  Center. 

Bombay,  Dec.  7-8,  Geo.  Rockwood,  Bom¬ 
bay. 

North  Bangor,  Dec.  8,  W.  D.  Taylor,  North 
Bangor. 

Potsdam.  Dec.  9,  Allen  Wheeler,  Potsdam. 
Madrid,  Dec.  9,  Mrs.  Alex.  Robson,  Lisbon. 
Fort  Jackson,  Dec.  11,  A.  A.  Atwood,  IIop- 
kinton. 

Winthrop,  Dec.  11-12,  Mrs.  N.  G.  Buck, 
Winthrop. 

Waddington,  Dec.  13,  Morris  J.  Elliott, 
Madrid. 

Massena,  Dec.  14,  W.  V.  Clemons,  Mas- 
sena. 

Carthage,  Dec.  16,  E.  G.  Lewis,  Carthage. 
Philadelphia,  Dec.  16,  Wm.  Plato,  Philadel¬ 
phia. 

Ileuvelton,  Dec.  18-19,  N.  S.  Hutchinson, 
Heuvelton. 

Lisbon,  Dec.  19-20,  C.  B.  Wright,  Lisbon. 
Gouverneur.  Dec.  20-21-22,  Earl  Laidlaw, 
Gouverneur. 

District  No.  2,  Edward  Van  Alstyne,  con¬ 
ductor,  Kinderhook. 

Corinth,  Nov.  24-25,  C.  F.  Fuller,  Corinth. 
Raymertown,  Nov.  27,  E.  L.  Button,  Mel¬ 
rose. 

Fort  Ann,  Nov.  28,  E.  J.  Needlier,  Hudson 
Falls. 

Clemons,  Nov.  29,  O.  C.  Benjamin,  Dresden 
Station. 

Putnam,  Nov.  30,  H.  S.  Sears,  Putnam  Sta¬ 
tion. 

Crown  Point,  Dec.  1-2,  W.  S.  Green,  Crown 
Point. 

Westport,  Dec.  4,  E.  O.  Frisbee,  Westport. 
Willsborough  Point,  Dec.  5-6,  II.  R.  Dun¬ 
ning,  Willsborougli. 

Mooers,  Dec.  7,  II.  E.  Gilbert,  Mooers. 

West  Chazy,  Dec.  8-9,  W.  H.  Elderd,  West 
Chazy. 

Morrisonville,  Dec.  11,  W.  H.  Banker, 
Plattsburgh. 

Saranac,  Dec.  12,  Mrs.  C.  H.  Crane,  Cady- 
ville. 

Lake  Placid,  Dec.  13,  C.  A.  Goff,  Cascade. 
Jay,  Dec.  14,  Mrs.  Anna  Kent,  Jay. 

Peru,  Dec.  15,  J.  L.  Clarke,  Peru. 

Keeseville,  Dec.  16,  W.  M.  Mussen,  Keese- 
ville. 

North  Granville,  Dec.  18,  G.  S.  Chapin, 
Smith’s  Basin. 

Salem,  Dec.  19,  W.  S.  Banker,  Salem. 
Cambridge,  Dec.  20,  Geo.  M.  Foster,  Cam¬ 
bridge. 

West  Hebron,  Dec.  21,  W.  E.  Getty,  Gran¬ 
ville. 

4rgyle,  Dec.  22-23,  Geo.  S.  Caswell,  Argyle, 
R2. 

Glenville,  Dec.  26,  Jacob  Smith,  Cranes- 
ville. 

Mariaville,  Dec.  27,  Harry  Tumbell,  Pat- 
tersonville. 

Duanesburgh,  Dec.  28,  Asa  J.  Gage,  Duanes- 
burgh. 

South  Schenectady,  Dec.  29-30,  John 
Weast,  Schenectady,  R4. 

District  No.  3,  D.  P.  Witter,  conductor, 
Berkshire. 

Wayne,  Nov.  23,  D.  E.  Hover,  Keuka. 


Tyrone,  Nov.  24,  Lewis  Beach,  Tyrone. 

Hedgesville,  Nov.  25,  Marion  Lewis,  Cam-  ■ 
eron  Mills,  R.D2. 

Jasper,  Nov.  27,  A.  L.  Whiting,  Jasper. 

Troupsburg,  Nov.  28,  J.  W.  Bigby,  Troups- 
burg. 

Woodhull,  Nov.  29,  Jas.  H.  Gurnsey,  Wood- 
hull,  R.D1. 

Monticello,  Dec.  1-2,  W.  B.  McMillan,  Mon- 
ticello. 

Liberty,  Dec.  4,  W.  J.  D.  Wedemeyer,  Lib¬ 
erty. 

ItoscOe,  Dec.  4-5,  L.  Wm.  Hones,  Roscoe. 

Elk  Creek,  Dec.  6,  Theodore  Knapp,  Elk 
Creek. 

Wcstville,  Dec.  7,  Geo.  Chamberlain, 
Schenevus,  R.D. 

Pierstown,  Dec.  7-8,  G.  T.  Burnell,  Coop- 
erstown,  R.D.l. 

Schenevus,  Dec.  8-9,  M.  R.  Bulson,  Schene¬ 
vus. 

Burlington,  Dec.  11,  D.  S.  Ritter,  Burling¬ 
ton. 

West  Laurens,  Dec.  12,  Charles  Naylor, 
West  Laurens. 

Gilbertsville,  Dec.  13-14,  S.  L.  Halbert,  Gil- 
bertsville. 

Union  Center,  Dec.  11,  G.  W.  Young,  Union, 

Whitneys  Point,  Dec.  12,  F.  C.  Branday, 
Whitneys  Point. 

Conklin,  Dec.  13,  F.  D.  Wilmarth.  Conklin. 

\  estal,  Dec.  14,  D.  S.  Wakeman,  Vestal. 

Windsor,  Dec.  15-16,  F.  M.  Philley,  Wind¬ 
sor. 

Treadwell,  Dec.  15,  A.  O.  Potter.  Treadwell. 

Sidney,  Dec.  16,  J.  J.  Waters,  Sidney. 

Walton,  Dec.  18,  John  Q.  Barlow,  Beers- 
ton. 

Halcottsville,  Dec.  18-19,  A.  R.  Sanford, 
Halcottsville. 

Hobart,  Dec.  19-20,  .T.  R.  Stevens,  Hobart. 

Downsville,  Dec.  20,  Perry  L.  Purdy, 
Downsville. 

Delhi,  Dec.  21-22-23,  F.  G.  Thompson, 
Delhi. 

Smithville  Flats,  Dec.  22-23,  C.  E.  Read, 
Smithville  Flats. 

Afton,  Dec.  26-27,  B.  A.  Bassett,  Afton. 

Smyrna,  Dec.  28,  Albert  G.  Ladd,  Smyrna. 

Oxford,  Dec.  29-30,  A.  D.  Harrington,  Ox¬ 
ford. 

District  No.  4,  Fred  E.  Gott,  conductor, 

Spencer  port. 

Alden.  Nov.  27.  E.  W.  Gillmore,  Alden 

Marilla,  Nov.  27. 

Williamsville,  Nov.  28,  W.  II.  Beach.  Forks. 

Clarence,  Nov.  28,  W.  E.  Graves,  Clarence. 

Eden  Center,  Nov.  29,  Horace  Landon,  Eden 
Center. 

Collins.  Nov.  29,  J.  W.  Taft.  Collins  Center. 

Holland,  Dec.  1,  C.  J.  Paul,  Holland. 

Chaffee,  Dec.  1,  L.  D.  O’Dell,  Chaffee. 

Springville,  Dec.  2,  W.  H.  Pingrey,  Spring¬ 
ville. 

Arcade,  Dec.  2. 

Attica,  Dec.  4,  Chas.  F.  Eastman.  Attica. 

Darien,  Dec.  4,  Nelson  Harper,  Darien  Cen¬ 
ter. 

Bliss,  Dec.  5.  E.  J.  Foote.  Bliss. 

Gainesville,  Dec.  5,  M.  W.  Broughton,  Sil¬ 
ver  Springs. 

Pike,  Dec.  6,  H.  F.  Wells,  Pike. 

Castile,  Dec.  7.  D.  C.  Perkins,  Castile. 

Warsaw,  Dec.  8,  Horace  Avery,  Warsaw 

Perry,  Dec.  8-9,  Walter  G.  Olin,  Perry 

Wyoming,  Dec.  11,  E.  C.  Hayden,  Wyom¬ 
ing. 

Pavilion  Center,  Dec.  12,  John  II.  Ward 
Pavilion. 

Bethany  Center,  Dec.  13. 

Linwood,  Dec.  14-15.  J.  E.  Noble,  Linwood. 

Caledonia,  Dec.  16.  A.  J.  McCall,  Caledonia. 

Batavia,  Dec.  18,  M.  C.  Sails,  Batavia. 

Corfu,  Dec.  19,  C.  I).  Silliman,  Corfu. 

Alabama  Center.  Dec.  20,  Allen  Norton, 
Alabama  Center. 

Elba,  Dec.  21.  Joseph  Wilford,  Elba. 

Bergen,  Dec.  22. 

Mumford,  Dec.  22-23,  S,  W.  Cox,  Scottsville. 

Scottsville,  Dec.  26,  S.  K.  Brown,  Scotts¬ 
ville. 

Chili,  Dec.  27,  Sarah  McCreedy,  Chill  Sta¬ 
tion. 

Greece,  Dec.  28.  F.  J.  Mitchell,  Barnard. 

Hilton,  Dec.  29-30,  E.  H.  Anderson,  Hilton. 


THE  LAND  SHOW. 

During  the  past  week  Madison  Square 
Garden  has  had  an  unusual  exhibit  of  the 
agricultural  industries  of  this  country  and 
Canada.  New  York  occupied  a  large  space, 
giving  due  prominence  to  the  dairy  and 
fruit  industries.  New  York  apples,  butter 
and  cheese  are  widely  known  and  worth 
talking  about.  Among  unusual  things  was 
a  handful  of  ripe  cotton  bolls  grown  in 
Orange  County,  N.  Y.  The  New  England 
fruit  and  vegetable  display  was  large  and 
excellent.  In  color  many  of  the  apples 
equalled  the  specimen  fruits  from  the  West. 
The  farm  opportunities  in  Delaware,  the 
Virginias  and  many  sections  of  the  South 
were  well  shown  by  exhibits  of  their  spe¬ 
cialties.  The  railroads,  land  interests  and 
various  State  and  private  enterprises  of  the 
West  made  good  use  of  their  opportunity  to 
show  the  fruits,  vegetables,  grain.  Alfalfa, 
and  the  possibilties  in  irrigation  and  “dry” 
farming  in  the  newer  sections  of  the  coun¬ 
try. 

The  display  from  Alaska  was  worthy  of 
special  note.  There  were  potatoes,  turnips, 
cabbages,  kolil-rabi,  radishes,  and  other 
small  vegetables,  and  even  cucumbers,  that 
would  have  been  a  credit  to  the  cream  of 
Long  Island  market  gardens.  Red-top  six 
feet  tall,  Timothy  five  feet,  oats,  barley, 
large  and  well  filled,  and  native  fruits, 
strawberries,  raspberries  and  cranberries, 
were  some  of  the  other  products  shown. 
The  statement  was  made  that  Geo.  Beldin, 
of  Chena,  Alaska,  on  three  acres,  grew 
37,000  pounds  of  potatoes,  which  sold  there 
at  10  cents  per  pound.  It  costs  $65  per 
ton  to  get  potatoes  there  from  outside,  and 
at  present  more  than  60  per  cent  of  those 
consumed  are  grown  elsewhere,  so  it  would 
seem  that  potato  growing  might  for  a  time 
be  an  active  .competitor  with  gold  digging. 
The  reason  for  this  luxuriance  of  vegetable 
growth  is  the  constant  sunshine  during  the 
short  season.  The  temperature  ranges  from 
70  to  85  and  things  have  to  grow  24  hours 
a  day,  there  being  nothing  approaching 
night  for  about  six  weeks,  with  July  as 
the  center.  One  of  the  men  in  charge  of 
the  Alaska  exhibit  said  he  raised  vege¬ 
tables  in  Alaska  in  Summer  and  has  a  Win¬ 
ter  home  in  northern  Michigan,  where  he 
has  a  fruit  farm. 

The  largest  display  of  potatoes  was  from 
British  Columbia.  100  varieties  in  half 
bushel  lots,  all  labeled,  being  shown. 


1120 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


November  1-8, 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

THE  OLD  MAN’S  MOTTO. 

“Give  me  a  motto,”  said  a  youth 

To  one  whom  years  had  rendered  wise ; 
“Some  pleasant  thoughts  or  weighty  truth 
That  briefest  syllables  comprise ; 

Some  words  of  warning  or  of  cheer 
To  grave  upon  my  signet  here. 

“And,  reverend  father,”  said  the  boy, 
“Since  life,  they  say,  is  ever  made 
A  mingled  web  of  grief  and  joy ; 

Since  cares  may  come  and  pleasures 
fade — • 

Pray  let  the  motto  have  a  range 
Of  meaning  matching  every  change.” 

“Sooth  !”  said  the  sire,  “methinks  you  ask 
A  labor  something  over  nice. 

That  well  a  finer  brain  might  task. 

What  think  you,  lad,  of  this  device? 
(Older  than  I,  though  I  am  gray.) 

’Tis  simple— this  will  pass  away. 

“When  wafted  on  by  fortune’s  breeze, 

In  endless  grace  thou  seem’st  to  glide, 
Prepare  betimes  for  rougher  seas, 

And  check  the  boast  of  foolish  pride; 
Though  smiling  joy  is  thine  to-day. 
Remember,  this  will  pass  away ! 

“When  all  the  sky  is  draped  in  black 
And  beaten  by  tempestuous  gales. 

Thy  shuddering  ship  seems  all  awreck, 

Then  trim  again  thy  tattered  sails; 

To  grim  despair  be  not  a  prey, 

Bethink  thee,  this  will  pass  away. 

“Thus,  O  my  son,  be  not  o’er  proud, 

Nor  yet  cast  down  ;  judge  thou  aright 
When  skies  are  clear,  expect  the  cloud ; 

In  darkness  wait  the  coming  light; 
Whatever  be  thy  fate  to-day 
Remember,  this  will  pass  away.” 

— John  Godfrey  Saxe. 

* 

Boiled  rice  with  grated  cheese  is  good 
and  nourishing.  Boil  a  half  cup  of  rice, 
drain  as  usual,  then  stir  a  tablespoon- 
ful  of  grated  cheese,  tossing  it  through 
with  a  fork.  Heap  in  a  dish,  sprinkle  an¬ 
other  tablespoonful  of  cheese  over  it, 
after  putting  some  dots  of  butter  on  the 
rice.  Set  in  the  oven  for  a  few  minutes 
until  the  butter  is  melted  and  the  cheese 
slightly  browned,  then  serve  in  the  same 
dish  while  very  hot. 

* 

It  is  not  too  late  to  make  grape  con¬ 
serve.  It  calls  for  three  pounds  of 
grapes,  three  pounds  of  sugar,  a  pound 
of  seeded  raisins  and  a  pound  of  Eng¬ 
lish  walnuts.  Wash  the  grapes,  cook 
them  until  the  skins  come  off  and  then 
press  them  through  a  sieve.  Add  the 
sugar,  and  when  it  is  melted  turn  in 
the  raisins  and  chopped  walnut  meats 
and  cook  about  20  minutes.  For  the 
nuts  some  persons  put  in  an  entire 
pound  of  the  meats,  while  others,  liking 
the  conserve  better  with  fewer  nuts,  use 
a  pound  of  the  nuts  that  have  been 
weighed  before  the  shells  are  taken  off. 

* 

“Egg  irons”  are  for  ironing  the  tops 
of  sleeves  and  similar  awkward  places; 
they  are  like  an  egg  in  size  and  shape, 
and  have  a  long  iron  handle,  which  is 
fitted  in  when  the  “egg”  is  heated.  They 
cost  75  cents  up.  Another  useful  thing  for 
the  kitchen  is  a  large  dish  drainer,  con¬ 
sisting  of  a  strong  wire  rack  fitting  in 
a  pan  to  catch  the  water.  This  does 
away  with  wiping,  as  the  boiling  water 
poured  over  the  dishes  in  the  rack, 
after  the  preliminary  washing,  dries  off 
quickly,  leaving  them  bright  and  clear. 
The  less  we  use  dish  towels,  the  more 
we  save  labor,  as  well  as  wear  and  tear. 
This  drainer  costs  $1.75. 

* 

Evidently  the  English  town  of  Old¬ 
ham  does  not  share  the  views  of  Hun- 
n.ewell,  Kan.,  as  regards  women  mayors, 
for  they  are  asking  Mrs.  Lees,  who  is 
retiring  from  the  mayoralty,  to  accept 
a  second  term.  The  Westminster  Ga¬ 
zette  states  that  Mrs.  Lees  has  de¬ 
clined,  for  private  reasons,  the  invita¬ 
tion  of  the  Oldham  Town  Council  to 
accept  the  office  of  Mayor  of  the  bor¬ 
ough  for  a  second  year.  Referring  to 
the  pleasure  of  the  work,  she  said  that 
if  her  friends  were  not  disappointed  with 
her  work,  and  if  she  had  in  any  way 


chastened  the  prejudice  against  women 
taking  part  in  public  matters,  she  was 
more  than  satisfied.  In  deference  to  the 
wish  of  her  numerous  friends  and  ad¬ 
mirers,  Mrs.  Lees  has  arranged  to  sit 
to  Mr.  Riviere  for  her  portrait  in 
mayoral  robes,  so  that  the  town  may 
have  a  representation  of  her  as  Mayor. 
Oldham  is  a  busy  manufacturing  town 
of  140,000  or  more,  which  contributes 
a  good  many  textile  workers  to  the 
United  States,  and  the  woman  mayor 
gained  especial  favor  for  the  tactful 
manner  in  which  she  settled  a  bitter 
street  car  strike. 

* 

The  “Woman’s  Journal”  says  that 
when  Johnny  Hobbs  left  the  New 
Hampshire  hills  to  visit  his  grand¬ 
mother  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  he  was 
cautioned  by  his  mother  that  he  would 
find  things  different  in  the  city.  Be¬ 
fore  tea-time  his  grandmother  told  him 
to  run  out  to  the  pantry  and  get  a 
bowl  of  milk  which  she  had  left  there 
“for  a  hungry  boy.”  A  moment  later 
she  followed,  and  beheld  him  bravely  at 
work  on  a  bowl  of  spearmint  tea,  which 
she  had  forgetfully  put  in  the  place 
where  she  had  told  him  to  find  the 
milk.  “Why,  child,”  she  cried,  seiz¬ 
ing  the  bowl,  “don’t  you  know  this  isn’t 
milk?”  “I — I  knew  it  wasn’t  like  Iiil- 
bury  milk,”  stammered  Johnny,  with  a 
final  gulp.  “But  I  thought  maybe  it  was 
the  kind  folks  had  in  Worcester.” 

* 

At  the  recent  pure  food  show  Mrs. 
Lily  Haxworth  Wallace,  the  English 
domestic  science  expert,  gave  advice 
about  sandwich  making.  Among  the 
sandwiches  made  by  her  was  one  with 
apple  filling.  A  tart  apple  was  peeled, 
grated  and  mixed  well  with  one  pat 
of  cream  cheese.  This  filling  was 
spread  between  thin  slices  of  buttered 
bread.  A  delicious  sweet  sandwich  was 
made  with  one  cupful  of  maple  sugar 
run  through  the  meat  chopper  to  make 
it  fine,  one  cupful  of  blanched  almonds 
chopped  fine,  and  two  tablespoonfuls  of 
sweet  cream.  Beat  the  maple  sugar  and 
almonds  together,  beating  in  the  cream 
by  degrees,  until  it  is  quite  smooth ; 
butter  the  bread,  and  spread  this  mix¬ 
ture  between  the  slices.  For  baked 
bean  sandwich  the  beans  are  put 
through  the  meat  chopper  to  make  a 
smooth  paste,  seasoned  as  desired  (a 
discrete  use  of  chili  sauce  is  very  good), 
and  spread  between  buttered  brown 
bread.  This  is  a  good  sandwich  for  the 
school  lunch  basket. 

* 

The  death  of  Ida  Lewis,  the  famous 
keeper  of  Lime  Rock  lighthouse,  off 
Newport,  R.  I.,  occurred  October  24.  She 
was  born  in  1839,  her  father  being  the 
first  keeper  of  the  Lime  Rock  light. 
She  was  her  father’s  helper  from  girl¬ 
hood,  and  in  1878  was  made  keeper  of 
the  light  by  special  act  of  Congress. 
She  became  widely  known  for  her  hero¬ 
ism  in  saving  lives  from  drowning,  her 
first  rescue  being  that  of  four  young  men 
when  she  was  only  15  years  old.  She 
received  many  evidences  of  public  recog¬ 
nition  of  her  heroism.  In  1869  the 
Life  Saving  Benevolent  Association  of 
New  York  awarded  her  a  purse  of  $100 
and  its  silver  medal.  In  1869  the  Gen¬ 
eral  Assembly  of  Rhode  Island  recog¬ 
nized  officially  her  services.  In  July, 
1869,  the  citizens  of  Newport  presented 
her  with  a  beautiful  cedar  lapstreak 
rowboat.  For  years  afterward  she  re¬ 
ceived  silver  and  gold  medals,  pieces  of 
plate,  insignia  of  various  societies  and 
purses  of  money  in  recognition  of  her 
ability  and  courage.  Congress  gave  her 
a  gold  medal.  The  soldiers  of  Fort 
Adams  presented  her  with  a  silver  tea¬ 
pot.  In  1881,  in  presenting  her  with  a 
medal,  Gov.  Van  Zandt  of  Rhode  Island 
said  that  even  after  the  late  war  had 
made  acts  of  heroism  familiar  no  one 
had  ever  shown  more  heroism,  more  real 
love  for  mankind  than  modest,  self-sac¬ 
rificing  Ida  Lewis.  In  1907  she  cele¬ 
brated  her  golden  anniversary  as  keeper 
of  the  light.  In  the  same  year  she  re¬ 
ceived  from  Andrew  Carnegie  a  pen¬ 
sion  of  $30  a  month.  Of  late  years  she 
was  in  failing  health  and  was  assisted 
m  the  duties  of  lighthouse  keeper  by 
her  brother. 


Does  a  Day’s  Work  in  An  Hour 
Yet  Your  Little  Girl  Can  Work  It 


The  Easy  Vacuum  Cleaner 
isvery  simpletooperate,  but 
it  sucks  all  the  dirt  out 
of  the  carpets  and  rugs. 

EASY 

Vacuum  Cleaner 

will  be  sent  on  10 
days’  trial  at  our 
expense.  You  need  not  keep  it  or  pay  for 
it  if  it  is  not  entirely  satisfactory.  Write 
us  today. 


DODGE  &  ZUILL,  R.  2,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


WE  WILLSEND  WITHOUT  MONEY 


either  this  Beautiful  ('luster  of  Buffs  made  of 
Hite  Human  Hair  or  a  22-Inch  Switch  of 
lustrous  straight  or  wavy  Human  Hair. 

Examine  it  and  convince  yourself  that 
it  is  the  Biggest  bargain  you  could  get. 
If  satisfactory  remit  $1.50  for  puffs  or  $2 
for  switch.  Otherwise  return  in  10 
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You  can  earn  either  article  free.  Ask  ns 
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Do  You  Know 
Aunt  Harriet? 

Aunt  Harriet  is  a  wholesome,  sensible,  sympa¬ 
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Weeks”  and  she  doesn’t  know  the  first  thing 
about  Bridge.  But  she  does  know  a  whole  lot 
about  running  a  home  successfully,  raising  children 
creditably  and  living  with  a  husband  happily. 
Aunt  Harriet  writes  to  three  or  four  million  reader* 
every  month  through  FARM  JOURNAL — 
gives  them  good  advice  and  helps  to  solve  their 
problems  and  smooth  their  troubles. 

Farm  Journal  holds  quite  as  much  of  interest  for 
women  as  for  men — whether  they  live  in  the  city 
or  the  country.  It’s  a  great  home  paper — full 
of  valuable  hints  that  make  for  economy  of  time 
and  money  in  the  conduct  of  household  affairs. 
Thoroughly  practical,  but  not  a  bit  dry.  Clean 
to  the  core,  but  never  preachy.  750,000  homes 
are  sweeter  and  better  for  its  monthly  visits. 

Farm  Journal  is,  and  always  has  been,  unlike 
any  other  paper.  To  prove  this,  and  to  make 
Aunt  Harriet’s  gentle  acquaintance,  send  a  dollar 
for  a  five  years’  subscription,  and  if  at  any  time 
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INDEPENDENCE 


FROM  the  PEANUT 
FIELDS  OF  VIRGINIA 
TO  THE  ORANGE 
GROVES  of  FLORIDA 

Fortunes  are  being  made 
in  the  6  Sou. States  traversed 
by  the  S.  A.  L.  Ry.  (Va., 

N.  C.,  S.  C.,  Ga.,  Fla.,  and 
Ala.,)  raising  fruits  and 
vegetabl  es. 

Low  priced  lands.  Easy 
terms.  Plenty  of  water. 

Healthful  climate.  In  the 
Land  of  Manatee  on  West 
Coast  of  FLORIDA.  Net 
$500  to  $1000  per  acre.  Quick 
transportation  to  big  markets. 
Beautifully  illustrated  booklet. 

Free.  Write  Now. 

J.  A.  PRIDE,  Gen.  Ind.  Agt., 

SEABOARD  AIR  LINE  RAILWAY, 
Suite  606  NORFOLK,  VA. 


W 1  _ _  AW,  while  you  think  of  it,  write  for  the  latest  issue  of  “  THE 

■  SOUTHERN  HOMESEKKEH,”  other  literature  and  low  excursion  rates. 
Address  F.  II.  LaBALME,  Agr'l  Agt.,  Norfolk  A  Western  By.,  Box  8040  Bonnoke,  Ym. 

YEARLY  RAINEALL4S  INCHES 


1911. 


THE  RURAE  NEW-YORkCEI* 


1121 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

«-  ,  1  .  >  .  -  f  **  1 

The  group  picture  shows  7177,  peasant 
blouse,  34  to  40  bust,  with  or  without 
gussets  under  the  arms,  with  or  without 
chemisette  and  under-sleeves.  7178, 
peasant  blouse  for  misses  and  small 
women,  14,  16  and  18  years,  with  collar 
that  can  be  square  or  round  at  the 


front,  square  or  pointed  at  the  back. 
7121,  surplice  waist,  34  to  42  bust.  7083, 
circular  skirt  with  adjustable  train,  22 
to  32  waist.  7179,  girl’s  dress  in  peasant 
style,  10  to  14  years.  7171,  three-piece 
skirt,  22  to  30  waist,  in  walking  or 
round  length,  with  high  or  natural 
waist  line,  perforated  for  two  materials. 
Price  of  each  10  cents. 

A  very  desirable  model,  to  be  made 
with  adjustable  shirrings  if  desired,  is 
shown  in  No.  7212.  The  gown  consists 
of  blouse  and  skirt.  The  blouse  is  cut 
in  one  piece  and  the  skirt  is  cut  in  five 
gores.  There  are  three  tucks  over  each 
shoulder  that  provide  becoming  fullness 
in  the  blouse,  and  the  under-arm  seams 
can  be  finished  with  or  without  gussets. 
The  upper  edge  of  the  skirt  is  finished 


7212  Semi-Princesse  Gown, 

34  to  44  bust. 

with  tuck  shirrings  and  is  arranged 
over  the  blouse.  The  back  is  stitched 
to  position,  but  the  fronts  are  finished 
with  casings  and  ribbons  by  means  of 
which  it  can  be  drawn  up  to  any  de¬ 
sired  size.  The  closing  is  made  invisibly 
at  the  left  of  the  front.  Either  the  col¬ 
lar  or  banding  can  be  used  to  finish 
the  neck  and  front  edges.  The  chemi¬ 
sette  can  be  used  with  either  and  is 
adjusted  under  the  blouse  and  closed  at 
the  back.  For  the  medium  size  will  be 
required  11  yards  of  material  27,  8}4 


yards  36,  6J4  yard  44  inches  wide  with 
1/2  yard  27  inches  wide  for  the  fancy 
collar  and  frills,  or  2^4.  yards  of  band¬ 
ing  to  trim  as  shown  in  small  view,  §4 
yard  18  inches  wide  for  the  chemisette. 
The  pattern,  No.  7212,  is  cut  in  sizes 
for  a  34,  36,  38,  40,  42  and  44  bust; 
price  10  cents. 

Dried  Citron  Melon. 

Will  you  publish  a  recipe  for  preparing 
citron  dried  in  sugar?  mrs.  1.  j.  k. 

We  infer  that  this  inquirer  refers  to 
citron  melon,  which  is  very  different 
from  the  true  citron,  Citrus  Medica,  a 
large,  thick-rinded  lemon-like  fruit.  Its 
rind  is  the  familiar  candied  peel  of  the 
grocers.  Citron  melon  is  dried  and  used 
in  the  same  way,  but  it  does  not  pos¬ 
sess  the  flavor  of  true  citron.  Cut  the 
melon  into  four  parts,  peel,  slice  and 
remove  the  seeds.  Take  two  quarts  of 
clear  water,  dissolve  a  piece  of  alum 
tbe  size  of  a  hickorynut  in  the  water, 
put  in  the  preserving  kettle  as  much  cit¬ 
ron  as  the  water  will  cover  and  boil 
until  tender  enough  to  pierce  with  a 
straw ;  then  boil  in  sugar ;  a  pint  bowl 
of  sugar  to  the  same  measure  of  fruit. 
Boil  orue-half  hour.  Spread  it  on  pie 
plates  and  set  it  in  a  cool  oven  or  heater 
and  let  it  dry  perfectly. 

Care  of  Child’s  Ears. 

If  a  child  has  frequent  earaches  after 
exposure  to  cold  or  damp  weather,  it  is 
probably  .  caused  by  rheumatism.  Pains 
in  the  limbs,  also,  will  confirm  the 
diagnosis,  and  of  course  this  condition 
will  need  a  remedy.  It  is  well  to  con¬ 
sult  a  physician;  but  if  not  too  severe, 
lithia  tablets,  dissolved  in  water,  are 
found  helpful.  For  a  child  under  10 
use  a  half  tablet  to  half  a  glassful, 
and  take  as  drinking  water.  Prepare 
when  required,  and  have  him  drink  that 
amount  several  times  a  day. 

Heat  will  relieve  the  pain  of  earache, 
and  a  few  drops  of  warm,  not  hot, 
water  can  be  run  in  the  canal  of  the 
ear.  After  a  few  minutes  the  head  can 
be  held  over  against  a  cloth  to  let  the 
water  out  and  fresh  warm  water  can  be 
put  in.  Warm  olive  oil  is  still  better, 
for  it  will  also  soften  and  remove  hard¬ 
ened  wax.  The  ear  is  very  sensitive,  so 
it  must  not  be  used  hot  nor  cold,  just 
mildly  warm.  Meat  two  cloths  and  put 
them  over  the  ear  alternately.  The 
heat  will  penetrate  and  relieve  the  pain. 

When  there  is  a  running  discharge 
from  the  ear,  cleanse  with  a  gentle  flow 
of  warm  water  from  a  syringe.  The 
small  hard  rubber  syringe  is  best,  but 
the  ordinary  one  may  be  used.  A  little 
peroxide  in  the  water  is  helpful.  The 
proper  amount  to  use  will  be  found  in 
the  directions  or  the  label  of  the  bottle. 
Be  careful  not  to  use  a  forceful  stream 
from  the  syringe,  which  might  injure 
the  sensitive^  drum.-  Grasp  the  lobe' and 
raise  it  slightly  up  and  out  to  straighten 
the  canal.  An  interrupted  stream  is 
best,  that  is,  let  a  little  flow,  then  stop, 
start  again,  then  stop.  Repeat  this  at 
short  intervals  until  the  treatment  is 
finished. 

A  child  need  not  be  disfigured  by 
having  the  ears  stand  out  from  the 
head.  A  soft  bandage  over  them  at 
night  will  train  them  close,  and  there 
are  special  skeleton  caps  that  can  be 
bought  for  this  purpose  for  the  infant. 
Day  caps  should  not  be  pulled  down 
behind  the  ear,  but  over  the  tip.  The 
mother  should  notice  that  the  ear  lies 
flat  when  the  baby  is  laid  against  the 
pillow  to  sleep.  A  little  care,  in  infancy 
and  childhood,  will  save  later  humilia¬ 
tion.  EDYTHE  STODDARD  SEYMOUR. 


SUCCESSFUL 

MOTHERHOOD 


means  more  than  a  fat 
baby.  It  means  laying  the 
foundation  of  a  strong, 
sturdy  constitution. 

Fat  alone  is  not  enough; 
there  must  be  bone, 
muscle,  brain  and  nerves. 

Scott’s  Emulsion 

is  the  Acme  of  perfection  for 
Mother  and  Child. 


aw! 


ALL  DRUGGISTS 


11-61 


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Wise  foresight  should 
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They  won’t  get  broken,  musty, 
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Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
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grind  slow  hut  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

wit  ti  “Fnma  Carbon  Bisulphide  are  doing. 

EDWARD  R.  TAVLOK,  Penn  Tan,  N.  Y. 


FUMA 


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Bears  the  famous  Beacon  Falls  Cross,  a  guarantee  of  quality 
and  reliability. 

Made  entirely  of  Fine  Rubber. 

A  perfect  snow-excluder.  Keeps  the  feet  warm  and  dry  in 
any  weather  and  absolutely  waterproof  and  damp  proof  from 
top  to  bottom. 

Good  rubbers  can’t  be  made  of  poor  material,  but  lots  of  good 
material  is  spoiled  by  poor  construction.  "Corn  Belt’  AU-Kub- 
ber  Arctics  were  not  built  on  the  spur  of  the  moment— they  rep¬ 
resent  years  of  careful  study  as  to  the  needs  of  the  wearer.  Rein¬ 
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Heel  and  the  44  armor-plated  ’’  toe  cap. 

The  fact  that  it  is  absolutely  waterproof  and  that 
mud  and  barnyard  filth  can  be  washed  oft  makes  it 
particularly  appropriate  for  use  about  the  farm. 

ASK  FOR  THE  "CORN  BELT"  ALL-RUBBER  ARCTIC 
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When  you  want  rubber  boots  or  shoes  of  any  kind 
ask  for  the  Beacon  Falls  line.  You  will  be  sure  of  good 
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If  you  cannot  buy  Beacon  Fails  Arctics 
of  your  dealer,  send  us  his  name.  We 
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THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


November  18, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

BUTCHERING  ON  THE  FARM. 

Having  slaughtered  many  hogs  on 
nay  farm  I  will  give  the  readers  of  The 
R.  N?-Y..„my  experience,  as  the  time  for 
doing  the  work  has  arrived.  In  order 
to  do  neat  and  rapid  work  it  is  neces¬ 
sary  to  have  a  good  scraper,  sticking 
knife,  a  hog  hook  and  a  place  that  is 
convenient  for  working.  For  scalding,  a 
barrel  is  commonly  used,  and  it  is  all 
that  is 'needed  unless  the  hogs  are  very 
large.  Iff  very  large  hogs  are  killed,  a 
scalding  tub  will  answer  the  purpose 
for  scalding  much  better  than  a  barrel. 
I  have  one  which  is  made  of  two-inch 
planks  for  the  sides  and  ends,  and  sheet 
iron  for  the  bottom.  It  is  six  feet 
long  and  3j4  feet  wide,  with  a  depth  of 
2^2  feet.  Two  hooks  are  fastened  near 
the  top  on  one  side,  with  a  pair  of  trace 
chains  to  run  under  the  hog  to  facilitate 
the  turning  and  withdrawing  from  the 
tub.  It  is  placed  over  a  furnace,  which 
is  made  by  digging  a  trench  in  the 
ground,  and  when  in  use  I  place  pieces 
of  wood  across  the  bottom,  in  order  to 
keep-  the  hog  from  coming  in  contact 
with  the  iron  bottom  and  getting  too  hot. 
A  sketch  of  the  tub  is  shown  in  Fig.  454. 

I  find  that  the  proper  temperature  for 
good.scalding  is  from  180  to  190  degrees, 
and  ,if;  a  barrel  is  to  be  used  the  water 
should.be  boiling  when  dipped  out  of  the 
kettle,  •  as  the  barrel  will  cool  it  same. 
If  a •  scalding  tub  is  used,  the  water 
should  be  cooled  by  adding  a  bucket  of 
cold-water  before  the  hog  is  put  in.  To 
insure  a  correct  heat  of  the  water  a 


SCALDING  TANK  FOR' BUTCHERING. 
FiO.  454. 


thermometer  should  be  used.  Smal, 
quantities  of  lye,  ashes  or  lime  will  have 
no  effect  in  removing  the  hair,  but  will  ’ 
cause  the  scurf  to  come  loose  more 
readily.  A  hog  hook  is  almost  indis¬ 
pensable,  and  if  one  is  to  be  made  it 
should  be  made  in  the  form  of  a  hay 
or  bale  hook.  In  fact,  I  find  that  a  hay 
hook  answers  the  purpose  very  well. 

In  handling  the  hog,  I  stick  the  hook 
in  the  flesh  of  the  lower  jaw,  just  be¬ 
hind  the.  fork  of  the  jawbone.  The 
hook;-,  however,  may  be  stuck  under  the 
tendons  of -the  hind  legs.  I  keep  the  hog 
in  constant  motion  while  being  scalded, 
and  draw  it  out  to  air  occasionally. 
When  the  hair  and  scurf  slip  easily  from 
the  body  the  scalding  is  completed.  In 
scraping  and  cleaning,  I  clean  the  feet 
and'  head  first,  then  the  legs,  and  last, 
but  not’  least,  the  body.  I  hang  the  car¬ 
cass  with  a  rope  and  pulley,  as  it  is  more 
easily  hung  in  this  way  than  any  other. 
But  it  may  be  hung  with  the  ordinary 
gambrel,  a  stick  which  is  sharpened  at 
each  end  and  inserted  under  the  tendon 
strings  of  the  hind  legs.  A  short  single¬ 
tree  will  be  found  to  answer  for  a  gam¬ 
brel  stick.  If  there  is  sufficient  help  at 
hand,  the  hog  may  be  hung  on  a  pole 
put  up  for  the  purpose. 

After  the  hog  is  hung  up,  I  rinse  it 
down  with  scalding  water,  remove  the 
entrails  by  running  a  sharp  knife  lightly 
down,  marking  the  helly  straight,  cutting 
to  the  bone  between  the  thighs  and  in 
front  of  the  ribs,  which  bones  I  split 
with  an  ax,  being  careful  not  to  cut 
beyond  them.  I  open  the  abdomen,  and 
after  a  little  use  of  the  knife  remove,  the 
entrails.  I  have  a  few  strings  at  hand 
to  use  in  case  any  of  the  entrails  are 
cut.  After  removing  the  entrails,  liver 
and  heart,  I  spread  the  carcass  apart 
with  a  stick  and  rinse  it  down  with  cold 
water.  When  cooled  sufficiently,  I  re¬ 
move  the  leaf  fat  and  kidneys  and  cut  it 
up. 

T  usually' salt  down  on  a  bench  or  in 
a  box  as  soon  as  it  has  cooled  enough 
to  trim,  but  I  never  put  any  salt  on  the 
ribs  and  backbone  if  the  weather  is 
cool.  The  amount  of  salt  I  use  is  10 
pounds  to  every  100  pounds  of  meat.  In 
addition  to  the  salt,  I  also  use  two 
pounds  of  granulated  sugar  and  two 


ounces  of  saltpeter  mixed.  I  rub  the 
meat  once  every  three  days  with  one- 
third  of  the  mixture.  While  it  is  cur¬ 
ing  I  pack  it  in  a  box  in  a  cool  room, 
where  it  will  neither  become  warm  nor 
freeze.  Two  barrels  may  be  used, 
changing  the  meat  from  one  to  another 
each  time  it  is  rubbed.  After  the  last 
rubbing  I  let  the  meat  lie  in  a  box  for 
a  week  or  10  days,  then  take  it  out  to 
smoke.  When  taken  out  of  the  box 
each  piece  is  dipped  in  a  kettle  of  boil¬ 
ing  water  and  let  remain  half  a  minute, 
after  which  I  sprinkle  a  little  powdered 
borax  on  the  meat  side,  and  hang.  I 
smoke  it  four  or  five  days  with  hickory 
chips  or  corncobs,  then  dip  and  sprinkle 
it  with  borax  again,  and  put  it  down 
in  clean  hay.  The  hot  water  destroys 
any  fly  eggs  that  may  have  been  de¬ 
posited,  and  the  borax  prevents  flies 
from  depositing  fresh  ones.  Meat  treated 
in  this  manner  may  be  left  hanging  all 
Summer  and  will  remain  in  the  best 
condition.  w.  H.  underwood. 

Johnson  Co.,  Ill. 


Lameness. 

I  have  a  mare  seven  years  old  that  start¬ 
ed  to  go  lame  about  six  weeks  ago.  I  had 
a  veterinary  to  see  her  and  he  said  she  had 
ringbones ;  he  blistered  both  front  feet  and 
said  she  would  be  all  right  in  a  few  days. 
It  is  four  weeks  since  he  blistered  her  and 
she  seems  to  get  worse  instead  of  better. 
Please  let  me  know  if  she  can  be  cured  and 
what  remedy  will  do  it.  v.  e.  <;. 

Connecticut. 

We  cannot  tell  you  what  is  causing  the 
lameness,  as  a  careful  examination  would 
be  necessary  to  such  a  determination,  but 
it  is  certain  that  ringbones,  if  present, 
will  show  up  as  large  bony  growths  (ex¬ 
crescences)  upon  the  pastern  just  above 
the  feet.  Lameness  from  ringbones  does 
not  ordinarily  come  on  suddenly,  neither  can 
it  usually  be  removed  by  one  blistering. 
Indeed,  ringbone  lameness  of  a  fore  pastern 
usually  requires  unnerving  for  removal  of 
the  lameness.  Where  a  hind  pastern  is  in¬ 
volved,  repented  blistering  may  in  time  re¬ 
move  the  lameness  if  the  horse  is  given  ab¬ 
solute  rest.  Puncture-firing  may  be  done 
before  blistering  and  will  make  the  chances 
of  recovery  greater.  a.  s.  a. 


Thumps  in  Pigs. 

I  have  some  four-months-old  pigs  that 
have  something  like  heaves  in  a  horse  ;  they 
eat  well  and  look  well  till  that  comes  on'; 
then  they  are  in  misery.  We  cannot  find  a 
cure  for  them.  Can  you  tell  me  what  to 
give  them?  k.  M.  j. 

New  Jersey. 

The  disease  is  caused  by  overfeeding  and 
lack  of  exercise.  Make  the  pigs  take  abun¬ 
dant  exercise  on  grass.  Stop  feeding  corn 
and  other  rich  food.  Feed  light  slop  of 
milk  and  middlings,  adding  limewater  at 
rate  of  one  ounce  to  the  pint.  Make  the 
limewater  by  slaking  a  bit  of  quick,  shell 
lime  the  size  of  a  walnut  to  a  gallon  of 
water.  Let  the  sediment  settle;  then  use 
the  clear  liquid.  a.  s.  a. 


Ar  eTou  Fattening 
Lice  or  Ho^s? 


rA  hog  that  has  to  spend  its  energy^ 
up  against  the  fence  post  to  allay 
the  itch  of  lice  can’t  grow.  Wast¬ 
ed  energy  means  wasted  pork. 
Besides,  lice  suck  the  nutrition 
from  hogs — they  really  rob  you  in 
two  ways.  Lice  will  never  trouble 
your  hogs  if  you  dip  them  with 

Dr.  Hess  Dip  and 
Disinfectant 

This  is  the  greatest  lice  and  para¬ 
site  killer  Known.  It  meets  the 
U.  S.  Government  requirements 
for  official  dipping  tor  sheep 
scab  and  is  guaranteed  of  uniform 
strength.  This  germicide  is  also 
splendid  for  curing  scab  and 
sneep  ticks,  spraying  horses  and 
cattle  and  cleansing  sewers, 
stables,  sinks,  troughs,  etc.  Write 
for  free  Dip  booklet. 

One  gallon  Dip  makes  from  75 
to  100  gallons  effective  solution. 

DR.  HESS  &  CLARK,  Ashland,0hio 


You  Can  Set  Up  This  Cooker  Anywhere ! 

The  Farmers’  Favorite  Food  Cooker  and  Agri¬ 
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easily  moved  from  piggery  to  poultry  yard,  or  from 
dairy  to  watering  place.  The  boiler  of  the 

Farmers’  Favorite 

is  made  of  galvanized  steel — can’t  rust.  Sets  down  in  the 
lower  section  -so  it  can’t  tip.  Gets  full  benefit  of  the  fire. 
Burns  great  chunks  of  wood,  trash  or  cobs ;  coal  grates 
furnished  if  desired.  Goes  easy  on  fuel.  Warms  food  and 
water.  Makes  pigs  grow,  hens  lay,  cows  give  more  milk. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Your  money  back  if  you  aren’t 
pleased  with  this  cooker. 

25-gal.  size,  $10.  100-gal.  size,  $17.  Other  sizes.  All  complete  with  one  length  of  pipe. 

WRITE  FOR  CATALOG  AND  PRICE-LIST 

Lewis  Manufacturing  Co.,  Box  C  Cortland,  N.  Y. 


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Write  for  our  prices  and  illus¬ 
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JtOHKItTSON’S  CHAIN 
HANGING  STANCHIONS 

“1  have  used  them  for  mnro 
then  TWENTY  YEARS,  end  they 
have  given  the  very  best  of  saiis- 
factlon  in  every  way,”  writes 
Justus  H.  Cooley,  M.D.,  Plainfield 
Sanitarium,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

Thirty  days’  trial  on  application 
O.  II.  KO.BERTSON 
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H  EAVES  CURED 

NEWTfHI’Q  PDJCnY  ls  Booth  to  Heaves, 
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Safe,  positive  cure  that  is  Cuarnntood  tor 
Hoavos.  It  gets  at  the  root  of  the  trouble.  A 
scientific  remedy  for  indigestion,  which  istheroal 
cause  ot  hoavos.  Heaves  alfect  the  lungs  only 
Indirectly.  Newton’s  Remedy  drives  out  intes¬ 
tinal  worms  and  is  an  excellent  stomach  and 
bowel  conditioner.  Book  explains  fully,  free.  $1 
per  can,  at  dealers’,  or  sent  direct,  prepaid. 
THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


You  Can't  Cut  Out 


A  BOG  RPAVINV'FITFF 
or  THOKOUGHPIN,  bat 


/\BSORBlNE 


will  clean  them  off  permanently,  and  you 
work  the  horse  sauio  time.  Does  not 
blister  or  remove  the  hair.  $2.00  per 
bottle,  delivered.  Bonk  4  K  free. 

ABSOKIilNK,  JR.,  liniment  for 
mankind,  reduces  Varicose  Veins,  Rup¬ 
tured  Muscles  or  Ligaments,  Enlarged 
Before  After  Glands,  Goitres,  Wens,  Cysts.  Allays 
pain  quickly.  Prlco  $1.00  and  $2.00  a  bot¬ 
tle  at  druggists  or  delivered.  Will  toll  you  more 
if  you  write.  Manufactured  only  by 

W.F. YOUNG.  P.D.F.,  88  Temple St.,Sprlngfield,Mass. 


Vornal,  Miss.,  July  3rd,  1911. 

Troy  Chomlcal  Co.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y.  —  Your  romody  coal; 
mo  $5  and  I  wouldn’t  take  $50  for  tlio  results.  1  used  nearly 
ono  bottle  on  a  bone  spavin  and  worked  and  plowed  with  my 
Ciaro  all  the  time.  Does  just  what  you  say  it  will.  J.  S-  McLeod. 

EXPERT  VETERINARY  ADVICE  FREE  JEJNES 

ndviso  frankly  and  clearly  what  to  do.  Givo  you  bonofit  of  10 
yoara’  success  in  treatment  of  ovory  character  of  cases. 

SP  a  bottle,  with  binding  contract  to  refund  money.  Send 
for  COPY,  BOOKLET  and  LETTERS,  from  Bankers, 
N#a  Farmers  and  Business  men  on  every  kind  oi  case.  Per- 
manfully  Cures  Bone  and  Bog  Spavin,  Thoroughpin,  Wngbone 
(except  low).  Curb,  Splint,  Capped  Hock,  Wlndpufr.Shoe  Boll, 
Injured  Tendons  and  all  Lameneaa,  <  No  scar  or  loss  oi 
hair.  Horse  works  as  usual.  Dealers  or  Express  prepaid. 
Troy  Chemical  Co.,  24  Commercial  Are. ,  Binghamton,  N.  X. 


The  Wasson 
Box  60,  •: 


Stanchion  Co., 
Cuba,  N.  Y. 


New  Scientific  No.  20  Mill 


Heavy  steel  legs  and  steel 
hopper.  Most  efficient 
and  strongest  small 
power  mill  ever  built. 
Will  grind  cob  corn, 
shelled  corn,  oats  and 
all  other  Rmall  grains  to 
any  desired  grade,  from 
hominy  feed  to  meal. 

FuOly  Guaranteed 

ed  with  flywhool. 


Equipped 
cold  rolled  steel  shaft. 


end  thrust  ball  bearing 
and  8-inch  high  carbon 
grinding  plates. 

Two  sets  of  plates  fur¬ 
nished  with  each  mill. 
Adapted  for  use  In  any  locality.  We  stand  back  of 
every  claim  we  mako  for  it.  Writo  for  descriptive  catalog. 

THE  BAUER  BROS.  CO.,  Box  415  Springfield,  Ohio 

Free  Trial 

FREIGHT  PAID 

We  will  send  you  any  one  of  our  44  year 
famous  Quaker  City  Feed  Mills  and  if 
mill  is  not  entirely  satisfactory  at  end 
of  trial,  you  can  return  samontOUlt  EXPENSE. 

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make  and  save  big  money  wherever  used  for  grinding  corn 
anti  cob  and  all  kinds  of  small  grain  separately  or  mixed ; 
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or  coarse  ;  also  grind  soft  and  wet  corn.  Our  free  trial  and 
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Dept.  E-3740  Filbert  HU, 
l’hila. ,I’a.  Dept..  T-8701*  ~ 

Ashland  Avc.,  Chicago,  Ill. 


So. 


LIVE  STOCK  PROFITS 


The  feed  is* 


depend  upon  the  fcednnd  care, 
importance.  Roots  bavo  their 
place  In  the  feeding  economy 
of  every  barn  and  stable. 

BANNER  ROOT  GUTTERS 

prepare  roots  quicker  and  in  bet-1 
ter  form  for  feeding  to  all  kinds  of  live 
stock  than  they  can  be  prepared  in  any 
other  way.  Takes  a  half-round  chip 

out  of  the  root.  No  slicing,  cubing  or _ 

grinding.  Nothing  can  choke  on  the  ''ban¬ 
ner  root  chips.”  Seven  siaes  for  hand  or  power. 
Prices  within  easy  reach  of  any  man  owning  any 
stock  of  any  kind.  Write  for  book  of  facts 
O.  E.  THOMPSON  &  SONS,  Ypsllanti,  Michigan 


COQK  YOUR  FEED  and  SAVE 
Half  the  Cost— with  the 

PROFIT  FARM  BOILER 


With  Dumping  Caldron.  Empties 
its  kettlein  one  minute.  The  simplest 
and  best  arrangement  for  cooking 
food  for  stock.  Also  make  Dairy  anti 
Laundry  Stoves,  Water  and 
Steam  Jacket  Kettles,  HoK 
Scalders,  Caldrons.etc.  IHfSend 
for  particulars  and  ask  for  circular  J 
L>.  It.  SPEltltY  &  00..  Batavia.  IU. 


Unadilla  Silos 
are  the  best 


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struction  and  greatest  convenience,  uet 
free  catalogue.  Agents  wanted.  m 

Unadilla  Silo  Co.,  Box  C-  Unadilla. N.  Y, 


Heesen’s  Feed  Cooker 


Doubles  the  value  of  feed— fattens  pigs — keeps 
•11  stock  sleek  and  well.  Strong,  simple,  quick  heating  and 
ever-lasting — •  strong  cast  iron  caldron  kettle  and  seamless 
ahect  tied  jacket. 


Get  This  Handy  40-Page  Book  Free.  We  will 

mail  you  a  40  P.  1912  Almanac  full  of  valuable  and  handy  information, 
together  with  our  catalog  of  7  sixes  of  Feed  Cooker*  and  Tank  Heater*, 
post  paid  on  request.  Write  today. 

Heestn  Bros.  «S  Co.  Box  72  Teeumseh,  Mich. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


II 2  3 


PUT  THE  BULL  AT  WORK. 

Last  year  there  was  an  article  by  John 
McLennan  on  working  the  farm  bull.  I 
would  like  to  have  further  advice  about 
this.  Would  it  do  any  harm  to  work  a 
gelding  or  a  steer  beside  a  stallion  or  a 
hull?  c.  R. 

Last  year  I  tried  to  explain  in  The 
R.  N.-Y.  my  methods  in  the  treatment, 
not  only  of  bulls,  but  of  stallions  as 
well;  and  while  I  thought  I  had  made 
the  matter  plain,  still  I  appreciate  the 
fact  that  it  is  difficult  to  put  into  print 
all  the  information  necessary  for  the 
training  of  such  animals.  I  may  say, 
however,  that  the  team  of  bulls  and  the 
Percheron  stallion  at  the  farm  of  the 
New  York  State  School  of  Agriculture, 
at  Alfred,  turned  out  to  be  three  of  the 
best  work  animals  upon  the  farm.  There 
was  no  kind  of  work  which  could  be 
done  by  the  best  horses,  which  they  did 
not  do,  and  many  things  the  bulls  did 
much  better.  For  the  man  who  keeps 
but  one  bull  (and  that  includes  most 
dairy  farmers)  the  proposition  is  very 
simple  indeed.  Of  course,  every  bull 
should  have  a  ring  in  his  nose,  which 
will  always  serve  the  purpose  of  a  bit 
in  guiding  him.  Then  put  the  harness 
on,  with  the  hames  and  collar  turned 
upside  down,  snap  the  lines  in  the  nose¬ 
ring  and  drive  him  just  as  a  colt  would 
be  driven.  He  must  be  taught  the  mean¬ 
ing  of  words  of  command,  such  as 
“whoa,”  “get  up,”  “gee”  and  “haw,”  just 
as  any  well-trained  colt  should  be,  and 
never  under  any  circumstances  loaded 
beyond  his  strength.  When  he  learns 
to  obey  the  lines  readily,  he  may  be' 
put  into  a  cart  and  worked  exactly  as 
a  colt  would  be ;  or  he  may  be  hitched 
to  a  light  stone-boat  or  sleigh  if  a  cart 
is  not  at  hand.  The  principal  thing  to 
remember  is  the  fact  that  in  the  training 
of  bull  or  colt  they  must  be  taught  one 
thing  at  a  time,  and  always  treated  with 
kindness. 

Regarding  the  proposition  of  whether 
it  is  feasible  to  work  a  bull  and  steer 
together,  I  really  see  no  objection  to  it. 
A  well-trained  bull  will  work  by  the 
side  of  almost  any  animal  and  do  his 
share.  Some  years  ago  a  farmer,  whom 
I  knew  well,  owned  a  line  yoke  of  oxen. 
In  the  Spring  time,  when  work  was 
most  pressing,  he  had  the  misfortune  to 
lose  one  of  the  pair.  He  had  at  the  barn 
a  big,  unruly  bull ;  he  put  the  bull  in 
training  for  a  few  days  and  then  put  the 
yoke  on  him,  beside  the  remaining  ox, 
and  they  proved  equally  as  valuable  as  a 
work  team  as  the  ox  team  formerly  did. 

I  have  frequently  seen,  while  traveling 
through  the  South,  a  bull  and  a  mule 
working  together,  and  we  have  all  seen 
the  pictures  of  a  bull  and  camel  hitched 
as  a  team  to  plow  the  fields  in  certain 
Asiatic  countries.  There  is  also  no  rea¬ 
son  to  believe  that  the  steer  or  ox  will 
not  thrive  when  worked  with  a  bull,  and 
I  do  not  believe  that  a  gelding  will  be 
unfavorably  affected  by  working  with  a 
stallion,  provided  the  stallion  is  not  al¬ 
lowed  to  molest  or  frighten  him.  It  is 
not  a  very  serious  task  to  train  a  bull 
or  a  pair  of  bulls  to  work  upon  the 
farm — not  nearly  as  difficult  as  the  train¬ 
ing  of  a  full-grown  colt,  and  the  won¬ 
der  is  that  so  few  farmers  make  use  of 
their  bulls.  If  the  farmer,  who  has  a 
vicious  bull,  could  be  convinced  that  the 
animal  would  become  just  as  gentle  as 
his  gentlest  cow;  if  he  could  know  that 
he  wotdd  become  a  sure  calf  getter  ev¬ 
ery  time;  if  he  could  see  the  splendid, 
useful  worker  which  he  becomes,  I 
think  every  farmer  who  owns  a  bull 
woidd  extend  to  him  the  privilege  and 
kindness  of  allowing  him  to  do  some 
kind  of  useful  labor. 

I  have  been  frequently  told  by  dairy¬ 
men  that  they  did  not  dare  to  undertake 
the  training  of  a  vicious  bull ;  that  the 
danger  was  too  great ;  but  there  need 
be  no  fear  on  that  score.  All  that  is 
necessary  is  to  get  him  well  tired  before 
hitching  him  up,  and  he  will  obey  as 
meekly  as  any  other  animal.  Lack  of 
exercise  and  isolation  are  the  two  prin¬ 
cipal  causes  of  viciousness  in  bulls  and 
stallions,  and  both  of  these  requirements 
are  supplied  to  the  working  animal.  No 
one  would  class  the  farmer  as  a  cruel 
man,  but  when  I  see  a  splendid  animal 
like  a  bull  isolated  in  a  narrow  pen  or 
tied  to  a  manger,  there  to  spend  his  days 
and  years  in  absolute  idleness,  wasting 
bis  grand,  muscular  development,  bel¬ 
lowing  forth  his  rage  at  such  confine¬ 
ment,  until  his  temper  is  spoiled,  and 
he  becomes  a  menace  to  all  who  come 
near  him,  I  can  but  think  how  thought¬ 
less  and  how  cruel  the  farmer  is.  There 
seems  to  be  a  law  of  nature  that  every 
animal  (including  human  beings),  in  or¬ 
der  to  he  happy,  healthy  and  contented, 
must  perform  some  useful  labor  to  the 
extent  of  their  ability.  Those  who  vio¬ 


late  that  law  must,  sooner  or  later,  pay 
the  penalty.  Sometimes  the  end  is  a 
tragedy  and  sometimes  oblivion  over¬ 
takes  the  wretched  creature  while  still 
living,  but,  in  either  case,  the  result  is 
the  same — a  wasted  life. 

Waving  aside  all  sentiment  in  the 
matter,  there  can  be  no  question  regard¬ 
ing  the  direct  benefit  which  the  farmer 
would  derive  as  a  result  of  furnishing 
regular  work  for  his  bulls.  He  secures 
a  vast  amount  of  extra  labor  with  no 
extra  expense.  He  secures  a  sure  service 
animal,  when  before  he  was  uncertain. 
He  exchanges  a  vicious,  dangerous, 
troublesome  white  elephant  for  a  gentle, 
quiet  and  useful  animal.  I  may  say,  in 
conclusion  to  those  farmers  who  still 
have  not  the  courage  to  try  to  drive 
their  bull:  Get  a  tread  power  and  let 
the  bull  exercise  regularly  in  that,  and 
if  you  see  fit  you  can  make  him  do  many 
useful  things  for  you.  By  belting  the 
pulley  on  the  tread  to  a  line  shaft  he 
will  pump  the  water,  turn  the  grindstone, 
run  the  cream  separator,  the  corn  sliell- 
er,  the  strawcutter,  root  cutter,  bone 
cutter,  wood  saw,  grinder  and  many 
other  things  which  you  are  now  doing 
by  hand.  john  mclennan. 


DOGS 

PHI  1  IP  PH — From  imported  stock.  Females 

UULLIL  rUlOchenp.  NelsonBros.  GroveCity,  Pa. 

IX  OHSES 

GREAT  ,r  '’'•frfp  * 

ANNUM  j ,  W  :''.J 

AUTUMN^Mr 

SALE!  , 

TO  BIC  HELD  AT  THE  NOTED 

SHARON  VALLEY  STOCK  FARM,  Newark,  Ohie 
On  Friday  and  Saturday,  Dec.  8th  and  9th,  1911 

inn  Belgian,  Percheron  &  German  nfl 
1 UU  Coach  Stallions  and  Mares  IUU 

Mares  have  all  been  bred,  both  Belgian  and  Per¬ 
cheron,  to  the  very  best  stallions  of  the  land.  A 
large  per  cent  of  these  mares  have  been  carefully 
mated,  and  anyone  lucky  enough  to  get  a  pair  of 
them  has  a  fortune  in  his  hand  if  properly  taken 
care  of.  These  mares  run  in  age  2  and  3  years  old, 
colors— bays,  blacks,  greys  and  chestnuts,  weighing 
from  l.>00  to  1800  lbs,  each. 

It  is  to  the  interest  of  every  prosperous  man  to 
attend  this  sale.  Bad  weather  makes  no  interfer¬ 
ence,  as  the  sale  is  held  in  the  barn.  SIXTY  head 
ot  these  mares  will  arrive  just  four  days  before 
this  sale,  lermswill  lie  known  on  day  of  sale, 
bend  6  cents  and  got  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

I  he  Sharon  Valley  Stock  Farm  is  so  well  and 
favorably  known  for  good  stallions  and  mares, 
with  fair  dealings,  that  any  further  comments  are 
useless  to  say  to  the  people. 

Free  conveyances  to  and  from  the  farm. 

Do  not  fail  to  come  and  bring  your  friends. 

COL.  GEO.  W.  CRAWFORD 
Proprietor  of  Sharon  Valley  Slock  Farm.  NEWARK,  OHIO 
F.  W.  ANDREWS,  Auctioneer. 

Both  Phones — Citizens  1252;  Bell  651  W. 

^Jercheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
■  at  farmers’  prices.  A  W.  GREEN,  Route  1. 
Middlefield.  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Peniia.  U.R.  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O, 

Having  Just  Arrived  from  tlie  New 
York  State  Fair  with  a  Lot  of 

PREMIUM  HORSES 

We  are  now  ready  for  business  at  prices  never 
beard  of  liefore.  Wo  have  both  Imported  and 
Home-Bred  Registered 

PERCHERONS  only 

Prices— $3.50  to  $750  on  Mares,  according 
to  age,  weight  and  size. 

Stallions  from  $500  to  $2,000. 

These  prices  include  the  Great  Stallion  NOGEN- 
TAIS,  winning  first  with  three  of  his  get;  also  the 
5-year-old  Stallion  ROULE,  winning  the  4-year-old 
and  over  class  with  14  animals  in  the  ring. 

We  have  on  hand  in  nil  about  SIXTY  HEAD 
Don  t  wait  to  write— come  and  see  us  at  once.  No 
peaches  and  cream,  but  plonty  of  plums,  and  plumb 
good  ones. 

D.  J.  61UNDICIJ,,  Kenton,  Ohio 

SHEEP 

Shropshire  and  Hampshire  SHEEP  For  Sale 

Five  yearling  Shropshire  and  five  yearling  Hamp¬ 
shire  Rams;  also  twenty  hi  ed  Shropshire  Ewes  and 
fifteen  bred  Hampshire  Ewes.  The  Shropshire 
Rams  are  by  Trysail  Champion,  grand  champion 
at  the  Chicago  International.  1907  The  llanip- 
shires  are  by  an  imported  H.  C.  Stephens  Ram. 

As  the  season  is  getting  late,  we  will  sell  the 
Rams  at  half-price  and  the  bred  Ewes  at  a  very 
low  figure.  Wo  have  more  sheep  than  we  can  pos¬ 
sibly  winter,  and  we  are  going  to  sell  a  lot  of  them 
if  low  prices  will  do  it.  All  our  sheep  are  regis¬ 
tered.  Write  for  catalog  and  prices  to 

W.  UAKLOYV  DUNI.AP/Amsterdam.  N.  Y. 

RFRISTFRFfl  Shropshire  rams  and  ram  lambs 

„  n  om  HOLSTEIN  BULL  eight  months 

Old,  $50.  E.  E.  STEVENS  &  SON,  Wilson,  N.  Y. 

Snowcroft  Hampshire  Downs 

Never  overfitted ;  always  strong,  healthy  and  vigorous. 
Ail  shipments  guaranteed  as  described.  Inquire 

DR.  S.  F.  SNOW,  713  University  Block,  SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 

COR  SALE— Choice  pure-bred  Rams- Shropshire, 

1  Hampshires  and  Southdowns  (yearlings  *  lambs) 
at  prices  hi  accordance  to  the  times.  Correspond¬ 
ence  invited.  C.  0.  Pattridgc,  Cold  Spring  Farm.  Perry,  N.Y, 

9fl  Registered  Shropshire  EWES  for  sale.  Also 
ou  yearling  RAMS.  H.  B.  Covert,  Lodi,  N.  Y. 

HIGHI  ANT)  FARM°ffcrs  some  choice 

muilLnnu  I  shropshi  res— yearlings 

and  lambs  of  either  sex.  Bred  for  type  and 
quality.  W.  F.  BLACK.  HALL,  N  X. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


Learn 

about  the 

Guernsey 

Cow 


is  one 


The  Most  Economical  Production  of  the 
II  igliest  Class  of  Dairy  Prod  nets,  excell¬ 
ing  in  Natural  Color  and  Good  Flavor. 

fThe  Pan  Amerioan  Dairy  Breed  Test, 
J  The  Iowa  Dairy  Cow  Contest, 

(  Inpartial  Experiment  Station  Trials. 

The  Guernsey  was  the  First  Freed  to  establish 
an  Advanced  Register  on  basis  of  Years 
Records  with  Public  Supervision. 

An  Bverngo  of  over  1200  official  year*  records  show  : 

8070  lbs.  Milk  410  lbs.  Butter  Fat 

(Equivalent  to  460 lbs.  butter) 

AVERAGE  PER  CENT.  BUTTER  FAT  5.08 


Pull  information  regarding  the  breed  by  writing 

The  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club 

3ox  R.  PETERBORO,  N.  H. 


LAUREL  FARM 


FLORHAM  GUERNSEYS .... 

Several  Yearling  Bulls  for  sale  at  very  moderate 
prices.  Pedigrees  and  photographs  furnished. 

J.  L.  HOPE  Madison,  New  Jersey 

SIX  GUERNSEY  BULL  CALVES 

Prices,  Quality  and  Breeding  RIGHT. 

W.  A,  ALEXANDER,  Union  Springs,  N.  Y* 

MEADOW  BROOK  GUERNSEYS 

Several  Bull  Calves  from  one  to  nine  months  old, 
from  dams  and  sires  that  are  prize  winners  and 
large  producers.  If  you  want  quality  and  quantity 
write  us  for  full  particulars.  Address  SUPT., 
Meadow  Brook  Farm,  Bernardsville,  N.  .1. 

“  <^>  U  A  III  T  Y  ” 

FOR  SALE-THREE  RICHLY  BRED  YOUNG  JERSEY  BULLS, 
DAMS  HAVING  YEARLY  AUTHENTICATED  RECORDS,  as  fallows: 

Dam  of  No.  1,  8128.3  lbs.  milk  in  28(1  days, 

_  testing  527  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 

Dam  of  No.  2,  11265.3  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

testing  701  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 
Dam  of  No.  3,  12840.6  lbs.  milk  in  305  days, 

testing  803  lbs.  10  oz.  butter 
Write  for  description  ami  prices,  or  come  and  see 
them,  visitors  always  welcome. 

E.  W.  Mosher,  “  BKIGHTSIDE,”  Aurora,  New  York 

Breeds  the  cattle 
that  most  eco¬ 
nomically  turn  farm  produce  into  money— 
JERSEYS,  and  the  swine  that  do  the  same 
thing — BERK  SHIRES.  Which  do  YOU  want  ? 
J.  GRANT  MOUSE,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 

FOR  SALF~Glomvoo<1  Farm  will  sell  10  bead  of 
i  wii  vhll  registered  Jersey  Cows  and  lleifers 
at  a  price  that  will  move  them.  We  are  short  of 
feed  and  must  sell  the  best  of  breeding.  We  have 
13  cows  in  the  register  of  merit,  average  per  cow, 
540  lbs.  butter.  Glknwood  Fakm,  Ensenore,  N.Y. 

mCAl  C— REGISTERED  JERSEYS— COWS, 
0HLI-  HEIFERS  AND  YOUNG  BULLS; 
largo  selection;  blue  ribbon  winners;  won  in  butter 
contests.  Come  and  see  them.  Full  particulars  of 

DAVID  WALLACE,  Supt.  Ruitisonhill  Farm,  Fairhaven,  N.  J. 

Breed  Up-Not  DawnToTc.""'!.™^ 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  K.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

M.  S.  BELTZHOOVER’S 

Rochroane  Jersey  Herd 

Offers  For  Sale  a  Number 
of  Good  Things 
Write  for  Price  List 

JOHN  R.  GATES,  Supt. 

R.  F.D.  75  trvington-on-Hudson,  N.Y. 


Young 


.W£  HAVE  A  FEW... 

BULLS  FOR  SALE 

THAT  ARE  READV  FOR  SERVICE. 

THEY  ARE  FROM  ADVANCED  REGISTRY 
DAMS,  AND  BY  ONE  OF  THE  BEST  SIRES 
OF  THE  HOLSTEIN -FRIESIAN  BREED. 
WE  ARE  SHORT  OF  ROOM  AND  WILL 
MAKE  PRICES  ON  THESE  FELLOWS 
THAT  WILL  SURELY  MOVE  THEM. 

W KITE  FOR  PEDIGREES  AND  PRICES. 

I VOOOCREST  FAKM 

RtFTON,  N.  V. 


READY  FOR  SERVICE-~M|ggȤg 

DE  KOL  4th,  registered  show  Holstein,  born 
Dee.  5,  1910.  Nearly  all  white.  Prize  winner  at 
Fall  Fairs.  Pries,  $100  f.  o.  b.  Send  for  pedigroe 
CLOVERDALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

REG.  HOLST  El  NS 

Superior  individuals,  deep,  heavy  milkers,  in  line  con¬ 
dition.  If  you  are  a  dealer,  you  can  please  your  custom¬ 
ers;  if  a  breeder,  or  beginner,  you  can  save  the  middle¬ 
man's  profit.  Also,  one  of  the  beet  bred  male  culver 
in  this  country  and  other  mules  at  bargain  prices.  Write 
phone,  or  come  and  see  me.  It.  K.  .Stations,  Valley  Mills’ 
on  O.  &■  W.,  Vernon,  Syracuse  &  Utica  Electrics. 

F.  H.  HIVENBURGH,  HHIhurst  Farm,  Munnsville,  N.  Y. 


SWINE 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding. 

...  AT  KEASONABJJC  PRICKS  ... 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.Y 

Mead  ow  Brook  Berkshire# 

Grand  Fall  Offering  of  large  and  vigorous  breed¬ 
ers.  both  sexes,  no  akin,  all  ages.  Also  young 
PIGS  in  pairs  and  trios.  This  stock  represents 
English  and  American  I  test  strain.  Prices  moder¬ 
ate.  Quality  guaranteed.  Your  addross  will  socure 
full  description  and  prices.  Address  SUPT.. 
Meadow  Brook  Farm,  Bernardsville,  N.  J. 


START  RIGHT  CET  A  PA,R 


OF  OUR 


HIGH-BRED  BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

Bred  for  Utility  of  the  Best  Strains. 

Write  for  particulars. 

CHERRY  HILL  FRUIT  FARM,  Toboso,  Licking  Co.,  Ohio 


Large  Berkshires  at  Highwood 

Regular  Fall  offering  of  Service  Boars  and 
of  young  Pigs  in  pairs  and  trios,  not  akin. 

H.  C.  &  M.  B.  Harpemlingj  Dundee,  N.  Y. 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.-?;;, gg 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  lute,  to  ser¬ 
vice  Of  Watson’s  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Bend  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON.  Pioprietor.  Marhledale,  Conn. 


SUNNY  BANK  FARM  BERKSHIRES;  For  Sale.  Choice  fall 
pigs;  matings  not  akin;  Masterpiece  and  Long¬ 
fellow  breedings.  Pricer  reasonable.  Registration 
free.  A.  F.  JONES,  Box  117,  Bridgehamptou,  New  York. 


FASHIONABLY  BRED  BERKSHIRES 

A  few  Spring  and  Summer  PIGS  for  sale  at  rea¬ 
sonable  prices.  Dr.  J.  K.  ALLEN,  Orwell,  N.  Y. 


LARGE— bbooxfield  farm— YORKSHIRES 

Pigs  of  June  or  August  farrow,  both  sexes,  from 
the  most  improved  type  and  registered  breeding,  for 
sale  at  $10  each  I'.o.b.  Bnffalo,  crated  with  registered 
certificate.  W.  Allan  Gardner,  Snyder,  Erie  County,  N.Y. 


I  ARGE  YORKSHIRE  BOAR,  registered:  18  months  old; 
u  a  fine  one;  cheap.  H.  W.  MERRITT,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


A  Fine  Lot  of 

CHESTER 
WHITE 
PIGS 

from  stock  Lady 
York  and  King 
FARM  Spruce.  Ages— 

m  four  weeks  to 

Groton-on-Hudson,N.Y.  three  months. 
Address  all  correspondence  to 

New  York  Office,  45  Lafayette  Street,  N.  Y. 


SfrriyL 


FflR  ^Al  F-A  lot  o{  nice  CHESHIRE  FIGS, 

I”)  d'’LL  farrowed  in  September.  Price, 
*“•00  each,  eithor  sex,  registered,  crates  and  deliv- 
Express  Company.  Address  DEPART- 
MENT  OF  ANIMAL  HUSBANDRY,  Ithaca.  N.  Y. 

For  Sale-Registered  Chester  Whites 

Six  weeks  old  Sows  and  Barrows,  $6.00  to  $7.00 
-Eight  - .  7.00  to  8.00 


Yearling  Sows,  bred  to  our  celebrated  Boar,  $20.' 
to  $—1.00.  G.  JASON  WATERS,  Fair  Acre  Farr 
K.  *•  D.  42,  Norwalk,  Conn. 


8.00 
.00 
111, 


nilRflP  DIOC — A  few  choice  BOARS,  born  in 
,  .V*  I  IUO  July,  of  finest  breeding — $6.00 
each,  if  taken  at.  once;  am  shortof  room.  Edward 
van  Ai.stynk,  Sunnyside  Farm,  Kindernook,  N.  Y. 


D 


|UR0C  PIGS,  $6.  Growthy,  Pedigreed  Angora  kit¬ 
tens,  $3.50  each.  Serene  Weeks,  DeG  raff,  Ohio. 


OHELD0N  FARM  reglstei  ed  Duroc6 

O  Hrorl  ~ 


-  - - - Pigs  of  both  sex. 

Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNES,  Oxford,  N.  Y. 


nURftpC  THE  ItIG,  DEEP  FELLOWS 

uunvuo  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  rimes. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS.  Transfer,  Pa. 


CHESHIRES-'l  ’belong,  deep-bodied,  white  bacon  bog; 

— — -  prize  winners  at  State  and  county  fair. 

Write  your  wants.  E.  K.  MORSE,  Moravia,  N.  Y. 


CHESHIRF^~,Both  s£,x-  -AH  ages.  The  quality 
Ullioninco  herd.  G.  E.  SMITH,  Castile,  N.Y. 


CATTLE  j 

[FuTcFFElffoiATTLEl 

1  CHAS.  STEWART  DAVISON  \ 
j  GO  Wall  St.9  New  York  City  | 


BlffS  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  hulls  for  salo;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU.  So&jkrvim.e  N.  .1. 


OAKLAND  FARM  HOLSTEINS 

FINE  INDIVIDUALS— LARGE  PRODUCERS 

Choice  YOUNG  BULLS  For  Sale 

W rite,  stating  just  tvhut  you  want. 

T.  A.  MITCHELL,  Weed  sport,  N.  V. 


Millf  Prndlirpr*;  ,or  e.w  ^  °>'k  City  market 
1Y111H  riUUULCIb  desiring  information  how  to 

form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  .Manning  Otisville,  N.  Y. 


Purebred  Registered 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

37.21  pounds  of  butter  in  seven  days  is  the 

record  of  Pontiac  Clothilda,  while  Colantha  4th’s 
Johanna  made  the  world  record  of  over  1,247  pounds 
of  butter  in  365  days. 

Wo  cannot  all  own  the  record  breakers,  but  a  breed 
with  such  possibilities  is  ail  incentive  to  any  man. 

Wo  can  name  more  than  a  hundred  Holsteins  that' pro¬ 
duce  more  than  twenty -live  pounds  of  butter  in  seven 
Consecutive  days. 

Send  for  Free  Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets. 
They  contain  valuable  information  for  any  Dairy¬ 
man. 

HOLSTE1N-FRIESIAN  ASS'N,  F.  L.  HOUGHTON,  Sec  y,  Box  105,  Brattleboro,  Vt- 


lia-4 


THIi  R.LJ  RAIi  NEW-YORKER 


November  IS, 


M  X  L 

The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.91 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  four  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  20-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


“Milk  prices  in  Paris  have  '  been  ad¬ 
vanced  to  35  centimes  per  liter  (about  six 
cents  per  quart),  though  in  the  richer  quar¬ 
ters  45  to  00  centimes  are  being  paid. 
British  dairymen  have  fixed  10  cents  a 
quart  as  tiie  maximum  price  in  London.” 
That  is  what  we  learn  from  the  American 
Consul.  It  reads  like  a  dream — this  idea 
the  dairymen  have  anything  to  do  with 
fixing  the  retail  price  of  milk  !  We  thought 
Great  Britain  was  a  monarchy  and  America 
a  Republic  ! 


Hardly  a  day  passes  without  letters 
about  milch  goats.  There  is  an  idea  that 
goat’s  milk  possesses  superior  qualities, 
and  that  one  goat  will  provide  milk  for 
an  ordinary  family.  There  is  no  doubt 
about  the  milk,  but  the  average  goat  gives 
but  a  small  mess.  There  are  well-bred 
goats  of  improved  breeds  which  give  a 
few  quarts  of  milk  per  day,  hut  the  or¬ 
dinary  goat  will  barely  cover  the  bottom 
of  a  pail  When  the  kid  is  weaned.  Prices 
charged  for  these  well-bred  goats  are  ex¬ 
tortionate,  and  there  is  not  much  chance 
of  obtaining  a  good  bargain  at  present. 


Consol  Anderson  of  Hongkong  tells  q£ 
the  efforts  to  obtain  good  milk  in  the  trop-' 
ics.  The  trouble  is  to  keep  milch  cows  alive 
in  that  country.  At  Manila  the  govern¬ 
ment  is  trying  to  start  a  herd  with  cattle 
brought  from  Australia.  At  Hongkong  a 
dairy  farm  was  started  25  years  ago  which 
was  a  losing  venture  for  15  years.  The 
herd  was  wiped  out  three  times  by  disease. 
There  are  now  450  head  of  Ayrshires,  IIol- 
steins  and  Jpfsfey  cattle.  They  are  fed 
largely  on  Guinea  grass  and  imported  grain, 
and  are  quarantined  and  stall-fed  to  pro¬ 
tect  them  from  disease.  The  milk  is  frozen 
before  shipment.  The  manner  in  which  the 
milch  cattle  of  this  dairy  are  quarantined 
illustrates  the  constant  danger  from  dis¬ 
ease.  Visitors  from  other  portions  of  the 
island  or  from  China  are  not  allowed,  ex¬ 
cept  under  such  conditions  as  make  the 
carrying  of  disease  germs  impossible.  Em¬ 
ployees  are  not  allowed  to  leave  or  enter 
the  premises  except  after  changing  clothes. 
Animals  introduced  into  the  herd  are  quar¬ 
antined  carefully  before  being  allowed  to 
come  near  other  animals.  The  herd  is  stall- 
fed  ;  in  fact,  it  is  practically  confined  to 
the  Sheds,  which  are  carefully  screened 
against  the  admission  of  disease-carrying 
insects. 


Massachusetts  Small  Dairies  Failing. 

I  send  you  two  clippings  from  our  last 
weekly  paper,  and  you  can  see  the  way 
things  are  now  going  on  our  small  farms. 
Our  own  town,  even  so  near  a  city,  has 
less  cows  than  a  year  ago.  In  regard  to  the 
“don’ts”  just  read  No.  16.  I  have  no  ob¬ 
jection  to  it  personally ;  it  is  all  right. 
But  why  do  they  not  condemn  a  lot  of 
worn-oUt  and  rusty  cans  used  by  the  deal¬ 
ers?  A  housekeeper  of  mine  who  was  try¬ 
ing  to  clean  an  old  worn-out  ( tinning  gone) 
rusty  janimed  can,  and  could  not  make  it 
sweet,  remarked  :  “I  should  hate  to  use 
milk  put  in  a  can  like  that.”  There  is 
where  boards  of  health  could  do  something. 
Why  don't  they?  But  just  give  them  a 
chance  to  get  at  a  farmer,  and  how  they 
will  go  for  him.  H.  O.  M. 

Massadtousetts. 

R.  N.-Y’.— The  figures  in  this  clipping 
show  that  dairies  in  Massachusetts  are 
steadily  going  out  of  business.  During  the 
past  two  years  1,332  dairies  have  ceased  to 
operate.  Many  of  them  were  small  dairies 
of  the  Anost  viseful  sort,  because  they  gave 
Winter  wort;  to  the  farmers  on  small  farms. 
Anyone  who  lias  ever  lived  in  New  Eng¬ 
land  knows  how  hard  it  is  to  find  profitable 
farm  work  in  that  section.  These  small 
daines  Were  wonderfully  helpful  to  the 
farmers,  but  the  strict  rules  of  the  Board 
of  Health  shut  them  up.  As  for  the 
“Don’ts”  mentioned,  they  are  18  rules  from 
the  Healt-h  Board.  “No.  16,”  the  one  re¬ 
ferred  to,  reads  as  follows  : 

“16.  Don’t  use  utensils  fliat  are  rusty 
and  rough  inside.  They  are  impossible  to 
keep  clean.  Don’t  keep  utensils  in  a  stable 
after  washing ;  keep  them  inverted  in  pure 
air  and  in  the  sun.  They  should  be  thor¬ 
oughly  scalded  before  being  used.” 


A  Wisconsin  Farmer  on  Milk  Dairying. 

Four  years  ago  I  made  a  trip  through 
New  Y'ork  State.  My  headquarters  were 
at  Troy,  where  I  stayed  for  about  three 
weeks.  ’  I  was  East  looking  up  the  farm  sit¬ 
uation,  and  I  came  back  to  Wisconsin  con¬ 
vinced  that  there  were  great  opportunities 
for  farmers  in  New  Y’ork  State,  but  one 
thing  impressed  me  particularly,  and  that 
was  this — that  farmers  made  so  much  of 
milk  production  and  milk  selling.  Since 
my  return  I  have  read  The  R.  N.-Yr.  muen, 
and  am  more  and  more  impressed  with  the 
same  fact.  To  me  it  appears  unwise.  So 
many  farmers,  especially  near  Troy  and 
Albany,  Cohoes,  Ballston,  etc.  (these  cities 
1  visited),  concentrating  all  their  efforts 
to  produce  and  sell  milk.  Of  course  they 
were  receiving  good  prices  at  that  time,  3% 
cents  per  quart  at  the  farm,  but  at  the 
same  time  they  were  in  a  position  to  be 
crowded  at  any  time  and  from  so  many 
letters  I  have  read  in  the  papers  they  do 
get  it,  here  and  there,  constantly.  It 
seems  to  me  this  condition  could  be  rem¬ 
edied  if  farmers  would  simply  use  good, 
ordinary  business  judgment.  If  a  bunch 
of  farmers  within  a  radius  of  10  to  15 
miles  would  organize  a  cooperative  cream¬ 
ery  company  and  build  a  good  substantial 
creamery  and  whenever  the  city  fellows 
would  net  come  to  a  fair  price  simply  say 
“All  right,  sir,  you  can’t  have  our  milk,” 
and  would  then  patronize  their  creamery 
and  all  work  together,  they  could  be  ab¬ 
solutely  independent.  Then  there  is  an¬ 
other  point  it  seems  to  me  these  farmers 
miss,  and  that  is  this  :  Selling  whole  milk 
means  a  constant  outlay  for  fresh  cows 
usually  culls  from  all  over  the  country, 
“ring  stra’ked  and  speckled”  and  no  calves, 
no  pigs,  with  all  the  attendant  embarrass¬ 
ments  and  lack  of  profits,  consequently 
their  “whole  milk”  net  profit  is  not  so 
great,  Wisconsin  is  practically  a  butter 
and  cheese  State.  Where  the  butter  fat  is 
gold  foY  Trotter,  the  skimmed  milk  is  re¬ 
tained  on  the  farm  and  raises  the  best  of 


calves  and  pigs,  which,  adds  greatly  to  the 
cow  profit.  In  the  case  of  cheese,  the  whey 
is  usually  returned  for  the  same  purpose. 
As  a  result  Wisconsin  farms  are  increasing 
in  fertility,  productiveness  and  consequently 
in  value.  It  seems  to  me  these  York 
State  dairymen  have  matters  all  in  their 
own  hands  if  they  would  only  rise  to  the 
occasion.  R. 

R.  N.-Yr. — The  creamery  plan  is  already 
working  in  many  places.  One  great  argu¬ 
ment  for  milk  making  is  that  it  brings  in 
cash  and  gives  a  farmery  the  chance  to  turn 
his  labor  and  his  crops  into  money.  Again, 
many  farmers  know  more  about  making  and 
selling  milk  than  of  any  other  branch  of 
farming,  and  they  have  the  outfit  for  mak¬ 
ing  milk. 


Auction  Prices. 


I  attended  an  auction  sale  yesterday, 
and  the  following  property  was  disposed 
of:  One  three-year-old  mule,  $186;  one 

old  mule,  $50 ;  one  two-year-old  filly  for 
$86 ;  one  Jersey  cow,  $43 ;  one  roan  cow, 
$42.50 ;  two  two-year-old  steers,  $37,  and 
$34  respectively :  two  yearling  heifers.  $27 
and  $28 ;  one  white  calf,  $21  ;  one  Jersey 
calf  about  seven  months  old,  $21.50:  six 
shotes  of  about  85  pounds  weight,  $7.05  a 
head :  one  sow  with  six  pigs.  $22.40 ;  one 
10-horse  power  traction  engine,  $170:  one 
hinder,  $33 ;  other  farm  tools  went  cheap. 
Household  and  kitchen  furniture  went  very 
cheap.  E.  H. 

Washington,  Mo. 


I  send  you  prices  on  farm  produce  in  this 
locality:  Auction  sales  75  to  100%  value. 
Cattle  (cows).  $40  to  $75;  horses  (aver¬ 
age),  $200;  sheep.  $2.50  per  head;  lambs, 
5 %  cents  per  pound:  hogs,  6  cents;  cream 
(butter  fat).  26%  cents  per  pound;  manure 
(per  ton),  $1.25  to  $1.50.  h.  M.  d’g. 

Ilammondsport,  N.  Y. 


We  have  had  four  years  of  extremely  dry 
weather.  Hay  is  selling  from  $15  to  $16  in 
the  bain;  potatoes  65  to  70  cents;  cab¬ 
bage  three-fourths  of  a  crop  and  only 
bringing  $8  to  $9,  and  to-day  I  hear  of  of¬ 
fers  being  made  of  $10  and  $11  per  ton; 
cows.  No.  1,  $40  to  $50.  milkers,  grade 
Ilolsteins,  pure  color  and  breeding,  $55  to 
$90  that  are  just  fresh  or  nearby  springer. 

Chenango  Co.,  N.  Y\  f.  w.  is. 


Self-Sucking  Cow. 

Will  anyone  tell  me  what  to  do  with  a 
cow  that  insists  on  milking  herself?  She 
is  a  two-year-old,  nearly  purebred  Jersey, 
giving  a  good  quantity  of  rich  milk.  n.  r. 

Missouri. 

Put  on  a  spiked  halter,  muzzle  or  neck¬ 
lace  of  sharpened  laths  or  pickets;  or  fasten 
a  few  hog  rings  in  hen  lip,  or  rub  the  j 
udder  with  a  mixture  of  aloes  and  oil,  or 
fasten  a  long  stick  with  two  snaphooks  tp 
halter  and  strap  around  body;  or  arrange  a' 
flap  of  leather  so  that  it  will  cover  her 
nose  when  she  tries  to  suck.  a.  s.  a. 


Feeding  Calf  Without  Milk. 

What  is  a  good  ration  for  a  calf  six 
weeks  old?  I  have  no  skim-milk.  M.v  cow 
has  been  sick  and  has  partially  dried  up. 

New  York.  w.  i.  o. 

A  good  substitute  for  milk  for  a  calf  six 
weeks  old  is  flaxseed.  Mix  with  a  little 
water  and  give  as  a  drink.  Also  start  feed¬ 
ing  a  little  fine  middlings  and  ground  oats 
with  a  small  quantity  of  cornmeal  mixed 
in.  Feed  all  the  fine  early-cut  hay  the  calf 
will  eat,  also  give  fresh  water  to  drink 
twice  a  day.  Do  not  over-feed,  but  give 
just  enough  to  keep  the  calf  in  a  thriving 
condition.  There  are  several  feeds  on  the 
market  which  are  made  expressly  for  calves. 
They  are  good  substitutes  for  milk.  c.  s.  g. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Take  Your  Choice 

of  these 

32  Special  Books 


Let  us  show  you  free  of  all  cost  or  obligation 
exactly  how  you  can  save  money  on  everything 
you  buy  to  eat  or  wear  or  use  in  any  way. 

Here  are  a  number  of  the  special  books  we 
issue.  In  the  entire  list  there  may  be  but  one 
or  two  or  three  that  will  interest  you  at  this 
time.  But  by  all  means  get  that  book  or  books 
in  which  you  are  interested. 

You  owe  it  to  yourself,  to  your  family  to  at 
least  investigate  this  big  opportunity  for  saving. 
Check  Oyer  the  List  Now 

17  Baby  Carriages 

18  Men’s  Fur  Coats 

19  Sewing  Machines 

20  Gasoline  Engines 

21  Cream  Separators 

22  Building  Material 

23  Stoves  and  Ranges 

24  Underwear  Samples 
20  Automobile  Supplies 

26  Bicycles — Motorcycles 

27  Baby’s  Dress  and  Toilet 

28  Women’s  Tailored  Suits 

30  Women's  Fashion  Book 

31  Raincoats— Mackintoshes 

33  Men’s  Clothing 

34  Women’s  Furs 


1  Paints 

2  Pianos 

3  Organs 

4  Trunks 
6  Roofing 

6  Vehicles 

7  Furniture 

8  Incubators 

9  Wall  Paper 

10  Typewriters 

11  Grocery  List 

12  Feed  Cookers 

15  Tank  Beaters 
14  Wire  Fencing 
10  Carpets,  Rugs 

16  Building  Flans 


Send  To-Day: 

tions  are  true  to  life. 


Each  of  these  books  Is  nlfcely 
illustrated.  The  illustra- 

_  _  _ _ _  The  descriptions  are  abBO- 

lutely  accurate,  and  behind  every  article  there  is  an 
unconditional  guarantee  of  satisfaction  or  money 
refunded.  The  titles  of  these  various  books  tell  yon 
the  nature  of  the  contents.  Pick  out  the  book  or 
books  that  interest  you,  wnite  their  number  in  the 
coupon  below  and  mail  to  us  to-day. 

Sign  and  Mail  Coupon  NOW! 

"MONTGOMERY  WARD  &  CO. 


19th  and  Campbell  Street* 
KANSAS  CITY 


Chicago  Avenue  Bridge 
CHICAGO 


Please  send  to  my  address  below  book*  No*, 
absolutely  free  of  cost. 


Name  . 


Post  Office. 


State . . . 

Send  coupon  to  the  address  nearest  you 


Rapid 
T  ransit 
for  the 

Farmer 

SLOW  traveling  eats  up  time. 

Time  is  money. 

Why  not  make  your  trips  to  town,  to  mill,  to  creamery — anywhere 
— in  one-third  the  time,  with  an  International  Auto  Wagon — as  many 
other  farmers  are  doing? 

The  simplicity  of  the  International  makes  it  easy  to  operate.  Its 
economy  makes  it  inexpensive  to  keep.  Its  strength  and  durability 
make  it  a  permanent  investment.  The 

International  Auto  Wagon 

is  always  ready,  winter  and  summer,  24  hours  a  day  if  necessary. 
Roads,  hills,  sand,  or  weather  do  not  stall  it — it  -never  tires. 

The  wheels  are  sufficiently  high  to  give  ample  road  clearance.  The 
solid  rubber  tires  eliminate  tire  troubles  and  expense.  There  are  no  de¬ 
lays  and  no  expense  on  account  of  punctures  and  blow-outs.  The 
,  air-copied  engine  does  not  freeze  in  winter.  An  International  auto 
wagon  will  give  more  service  for  the  amount 
invested  than  can  be  secured  in  any  other  way. 

Whenever  desired,  it  can  be  converted  into  a 
pleasure  vehicle  by  addinganextraseatandtop. 

There  are  many  International  auto  wagons 
in  the  hands  of  farmers  all  over  the  country. 

The  I H  C  local  dealer  will  be  glad  to  tell  you 
all  the  facts,  or,  if  you  prefer,  write  us  for 
catalogue  and  full  information. 


^International  Harvester  Company  of  America 
(Incorporated) 

101  Harvester  Bldg.,  Chicago  USA 


I  IT  C  Service 
Bureau 

The  purpose  of 
this  bureau  is  to 
furnish  farmers 
■with  information 
on  better  farm¬ 
ing.  If  you  have 
any  worthy  ques¬ 
tions  concerning 
soils. crops, pests 
fertilizers,  etc., 
write  to  the  IHC 
Bureau  and  learn 
what  our  experts 
and  others  have 
found  out  con¬ 
cerning  these 
subjects. 


LOUDEN  LITTER  CARRIER  changes  barn  drudgery  into  child’s  play. 
With  wonderful  worm  gear  (an  exclusive  Louden  feature)  1  pound 
pull  on  chain  lifts  40  pounds  in  box— boy  can  hoist  half  a  ton. 

Raises  and  lowers  any  distance  up  to  25  .eet.  Stands  where  put;  can’t 
fall.  Fill  the  box,  raise  it  and  give  it  a  shove.  It  carries  the  load  out  of 
the  barn  to  manure  spreader  or  Jitter  heap,  wherever  you  want  it;  dumps 
load  automatically  and  returns  to  you. 

The  Louden  Way 

Keeps  barns  clean  and  sanitary — Keeps  cows  healthy — they  will  give 
moreand  richer  milk.  Saves  time,  labor  and  money.  A  Louden  Litter, 
Carrier  will  save  its  cost  many  times  in  a  year. 

Loudens  special  electro-galvanizing  process  gives  all  Louden  pro¬ 
ducts  a  beautiful,  lasting  finish.  Looks  clean— easy  to  keep  clean— 
never  rusts — lasts  much  longer  than  ordinary  hot  process  galvanizing. 

Our  40 years  experience  in  fitting  barns  is  at  your  service  for  the  asking. 

Hand  your  dealer  a  rough  ground  plan  of  your  barn,  and  ask  him  to 
mail  it  to  us  for  price.  This  will  entail  no  obligation  eitheron  your  part 
or  the  dealers.  Don’t  accept  any  carriers  but  LOUDEN’8.  There  are 
none  “Just  as  good.”  Write  us  for  comp’ete  catalog  of  barn  equipment 
and  valuable  book  on  manure  values. 

jLOUDEN  MACHINERY  CO.,  501  Broadway.  Fairfield,  Iowa. 


CLARK’S 
CUTAWAY 
PLOW 


REVERSIBLE 
BUSH  and  BOG 


100% 

CROPS 


This  machine  is  built  especially  to  subdue  newly 
cleared  timber  lund  and  bogs  to  a  seed-bed  tit 
for  a  garden.  Twenty-five  years  of  experience  has 
taught  us  howto  build  this  machine  right.  It  Is  de¬ 
signed  for  efficiency,  strength,  and  durability.  Its 
uso  means  destruction  to  bushes,  bunch  grass,  morning 
~  glories,  or. any  wild  plant  thatis  preventing  best  cultivation. 
It  lias  eight  24-ineli  “Cutaway”  cutlery  steeldisks,  which  cut  a 
strip  5  ft.  wide  and  9  inches  deep.  It  will  throw  the 
soil  to  or  from  the  center,  leaving  the  land  level. 

This  tool  makes  money  for  tho  owner  every 
year,  and  its  life  is  indefinite. 

Shipping  weight,  625  lbs. 

Write  today  for  free  booklet 
“Intensive  Cultivation.”  It 
fully  describes  our  complete 
line  of  tools  for  every  crop. 

Cutaway  Harrow  Co, 

839  Main  St. 

HIGGANUM,  -  CONN 


/•As  low  as  $10 

And  any  boy  can  operate  it  and  earn  the 
price  of  this  saw  in  two  days  easily  by 
contracting  to  saw  lumber,  firewood,  lath, 
fences,  posts,  etc.,  for  neighbors. 

Hertzler  &  Zook 

Portable 
Wood 

Earn  is  positively  the  cheapest  and  best 
saw  made.  Liberally  guaranteed  for 
J[ vf  Y  year— will  last  many  years. 

^  ’  Strictly  factory  prices  —  you 

save  jobbers’  profits.  Stick 
sits  low— saw  draws  it  on 
immediately  machine 
starts— ensuring  ease  of 
operation.  Only  $10  saw  to 
which  ripping  table  can  be 
added.  Write  for  catalogue. 

HERTZLER  &  ZOOK  CO. 
Box  3  Belleville,  Fa. 


Wonderful  Sewing  Awl 


A  perfect  stitcher.  Makes  re- 
pairs  neat  and  Quick.  Mends  har- 
i  $100  ness,  shoes,  awnings,  canvas, 

-AfiSSIk  straps.’ pulley  belts.  Sew  or 
Prepaid.  nK mend  anything,  heavy  or 
\  Aots.wanted^^r  light.  Sellson  sight. 

C.  A.  Myers  Co.,  6328  Lexington  Ave.,  Chicago  HI. 


SAVE  HALF  THE  LABOR  I 


in  sawing  wood.  You  can  do 
this  and  at  the  same  time, 
cut  more  wood  in  a  given 
time  than  in  any  other  way 
&  by  using 


TM  IRELAND  WOOD1 
SAWING  MACHINE 


Table  is  mounted  on  grooved  rolls,  moves 
easily — cut  of  saw  is  down  instead  of 
against  tho  operator  as  in  old  style  ma¬ 
chines.  Must  be  seen  to  be  appreciated.  We  also 
manufacture  Drag  Saw-s,  Saw  and  .Shingle  Mills. 
Got  our  prices  on  CnnTas  Belting;  they  will  surprise  you. 
Send  for  prices  and  full  iuformatiou.  “Ask  about  Holsts." 

Ireland  Machine  &  foundry  Co. ,14  State  St., Norwich, N.Y. 


-99  %,  %  Pure- 

American  Ingot  Iron  Roofing 

Guaranteed  For  30  Years 

Without  Painting 

The  Only  Guaranteed  Metal  Roofing  ever  put  on  the 
market.  Samples  free.  Write  for  a  free  book  Showing 
remarkable  tests.  A  way  out  of  your  roof  troubles. 

THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  CO.,  Dept.  D,  ELTRIA,  OHIO 


1911. 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


IliiS 


The  Henyard. 


The  Hen  Contest. 

We  remind  our  readers  that  W.  J. 
Dougan  of  New  Jersey  started  on 
March  1  with  pens  of  10  Wyandottes 
and  10  White  Leghorn  hens  for  a  year’s 
test  in  egg  laying  and  selling.  Here  is 
the  record  for  September : 

THE  10  WYANDOTTES. 

Herein  you  will  find  report  of  the  Wy¬ 
andottes  in  contest  for  the  month  of  Sep¬ 
tember.  During  that  time  they  consumed 
or  have  left  in  hoppers : 

28%  lbs.  corn  at  $1.58  per  cwt . -..$0.44 


8  lbs.  wheat  screenings  at  $1.45 

per  cwt . 12 

12  lbs.  wheat  bran  at  $1.47  per  cwt..  .18 

3  lbs.  beef  scrap  at  $1.75  per  cwt.  .  .05 

7  lbs.  oyster  shells  at  55c  per  cwt...  .04 

13%  lbs.  oats  at  $1.37  per  bag . 18 


$1.01 

During  that  time  they  laid  131  eggs, 
breaking  three  in  the  nests.  The  others 
were  used  in  incubators.  w.  j.  dougan. 

Up  to  September  1  these  10  hens  had 
laid  804  eggs,  with  a  food  cost  of  $6.69. 
Tims  the  record  on  October  1  was  935 
eggs,  with  $7.70  food  cost. 

THE  10  LEGHORNS. 

Herein  you  will  find  report  of  the  Leg¬ 
horns  in  contest  for  the  month  of  Septem¬ 


ber.  During  the  month  they  have  con¬ 
sumed,  or  have  left  in  hoppers  : 

27%  lbs.  corn  at  $1.58  per  cwt . $0.43 

6  lbs.  wheat  screenings  at  $1.45  per 

cwt . 09 

9  lbs.  wheat  bran  at  $1.47  per  cwt..  .13 

7  lbs.  oyster  shells  at  55c  per  cwt. .  .04 

16%  lbs.  oats  at  $1.37  per  bag . 23 


$0.92 

During  that  time  they  laid  111  eggs, 
which  were  all  set  in  incubators. 

W.  J.  DOUGAN. 

On  September  1  the  Leghorns  had 
laid  872  eggs,  costing  $5.79.  Now  we 
have  a  total  of  983  eggs,  costing  $6.71. 

As  will  be  seen,  the  eggs  are  still 
going  into  the  incubator.  Mr.  Dou- 
gan’s  idea  is  to  continue  hatching  until 
the  hens  stop  laying — say  December  1. 
After  that  the  eggs  will  probably  be 
sold.  The  object  of  this  trial  or  con¬ 
test  was  to  see  what  increase  10  hens 
will  give — whether  the  eggs  are  sold 
direct  or  as ‘broilers.  No  returns  have 
been  made  for  chickens  thus  far.  After 
seven  months  of  laying  the  following 
figures  can  be  made  up : 

Wyandottes.  Leghorns. 

Eggs  per  hen .  93.5  98.3 

Feed  cost  per  egg . 82  cent  .68  cent 

Feed  cost  per  hen.  ...  77  cents  67  cents 

One  hen  one  day . 034  cent  .03  cent 

Feed  cost  per  dozen..  9.8  cents  8.1  cent 

Thus  far  the  Leghorns  have  outlaid 
the  Wyandottes  and  produced  a  cheaper 
egg.  When  the  chicks  are  sold  as  broil¬ 
ers,  however,  the  Wyandottes  will  gain, 
for  they  will  weigh  more.  Tt  will  be 
seen  that  the  egg  records  are  not^  large, 
compared  with  some  of  the  stories  we 
hear.  From  these  figures  it  will  cost 
about  one-third  of  a  cent  to  feed  a  hen 
one  day — that  means  $1.21  per  year.  To 
1  his  must  be  added  the  value  of  labor, 
cost  of  housing  and  a  fair  proportion 
of  loss  from  death. 


Breeding  those  Leghorn  Pullets. 

Here  arc  more  replies  to  the  question 
asked  last  week  about  those  pullets : 

If  those  350  pullets  were  mine,  were 
early  hatched  and  well  developed  and  lay¬ 
ing  by  latter  part  of  November.  I  would 
not  hesitate  to  select  at  least  one-third  of 
them  for  next  season’s  breeders,  and  ex- 
noct  good  results.  Ilut  they  should  be  kept 
separate  from  the  rest  of  the  flock,  not  fed 
a  forcing  ration ;  wliqlo  grain,  all  they 
will  scratch  out  of  deep  dry  litter:  dry 
mash  containing  not  over  10  per  cent  beef 
scrap  should  be  kept  before  them  all  the 
time.  This  ration  should  keep  them  in  the 
oink  of  condition.  The  amount  of  beef 
scrap  should  be  increased  during  the  hatch¬ 
ing  season.  Also  I  should  mate  them  with 
two-vonr-old  cocks  if  possible,  and  not  save 
the  eggs  for  hatching  till  they  were  out 
cn  the  range.  This  insures  higher  fertility 
and  more  livable  chicks.  war.  m.  ki.ing. 

New  York. 

Mature  stock  is  very  much  to  be  pre- 
*„rred  for  breeding,  and  it  is  better  to  buy 
‘hicks,  or  eggs,  from  mature  birds  than  to 
i>rcc<i  from  pullets,  but  you  must  know  you 
ere  getting  them  from  such  stock.  If  yon 
<an  be  sure  of  getting  baby  chicks  from 
mature  birds  it  will  be  better  to  buy  chicks 
*n  the  Spring  of  1912  also,  but  if  von  do 
not  know  the  stock,  you  may  be  getting 
'hicks  from  young  birds,  and  vou  may  as 
well  breed  from  your  own  pullets  as  to'  buy 
chicks  from  some  other  person’s  pullets. 

New  York.  FLOYD  q.  white. 


“Strains”  of  White  Leghorns. 

.  Authorities  say  egg  .production  is  more 
m  the  strain  than  in  the  breed.  I  have  a 
batch  of  a  well-known  “strain”  of  White 
Leghorn,  and  would  like  to  know  what  to 
exnect  from  them,  as  I  want  eggs.  Would  von 
advise  mating  a  good  cockerel  of  another 
strain  with  these  pullets  another  year,  or 
would  it  be  best  to  keep  each  strain  bv 
themselves?  B 

New  York. 

I  believe  the  strain  of  anv  variety  to  be 
as  important  as  the  variety  itself,  and  in 
many  instances  more  important.  We  know, 
from  experience  and  observation,  that  cer¬ 
tain  strains  of  a  variety  produce  fancy 
fowls,  while  other  strains  of  the  same 


variety  produce  high  egg-producing  fowls, 
while  others  produce  meat  fowls.  For  in¬ 
stance,  there  are  strains  of  Barred  Plymouth 
Hocks  which  will  produce  individuals  scor¬ 
ing  high  in  the  show  room,  but  individuals 
which  will  not  necessarily  lay  a  large  num¬ 
ber  of  eggs,  nor  a  very  high-grade,  well- 
selected  lot  of  eggs.  There  are  other  strains 
of  Barred  Plymouth  Rocks  which  have 
been  selected  for  egg  production  and  for 
the  grade  of  eggs  which  they  produce,  both 
as  to  size  and  color.  The  individuals  in 
such  a  strain  are  not  usually  very  fancy. 
There  {ire  also  strains  of  Barred  Plymouth 
Hocks  which  have  been  bred  for  meat  pro¬ 
duction.  These  individuals  do  not.  as  a 
rule,  produce  very  many  eggs  in  a  year, 
nor  are  they  of  the  best  show  type. 

It  should  not  be  assumed  from  these 
statements,  however,  that  if  a  strain  has 
been  selected  for  fancy  purposes  or  for 
egg  production  it  will  not  qualify  in  the 
other  essentials  as  well.  The  more  careful 
breeder  will  select  for  a  combination  of 
these  desirable  features  and  strive  for  a 
strain  of  individuals  which  will  win  in  the 
show  room  and  at  the  same  time  will 
produce  a  large  number  of  eggs  of  good 
quality.  It  is  a  mistake  for  one  to  breed 
for  any  one  quality  without  reference  to 
all  others.  The  practice  of  inter-breeding 
two  different  strains  of  a  variety  is  feasi¬ 
ble  when  the  breeder  is  striving  to  com¬ 
bine  in  one  strain  the  particular  merits  of 
two  strains.  This  practice,  however,  is  not 
at  all  necessary  when  either  strain  pos¬ 
sesses  the  character  for  which  he  is  aiming. 

C.  A.  R. 


Hen  Liars  Once  More. 

When  sensations  are  a  little  dull,  and 
the  baseball  season  is  over,  and  the  public 
will  not  be  interested  in  murder  trials,  the 
papers  get  on  the  nest  with  Mrs.  Business 
Hen.  Here  are  a  few  : 

“San  Francisco.  Oct.  14. — W.  H.  Mc¬ 
Kay.  poultry  breeder,  of  Stockton,  has  been 
quietly  working  for  some  time  on  a  breed 
of  hen  that  will  probably  make  him  a  for¬ 
tune.  Speaking  of  the  matter  to-day,  Mc¬ 
Kay  said  :  “That  I  will  eventually  pro¬ 
duce  a  strain  of  chickens  that  can  be 
taught  to  talk  like  a  parrot  I  feel  certain. 
A  ready  1  have  adopted  a  name— the  pho¬ 
nograph  hen.’  ” — Washington  Post. 

A  large  game  rooster  owned  by  William 
Reaehard.  of  North  Codorus  township,  is 
attracting  attention  nil  through  the  neigh¬ 
borhood  by  its  proficiency  as  an  extermi¬ 
nator  or  rats  and  mice.  The  lanky  fowl 
stalks  for  hours  through  the  cornfields, 
watching  for  the  rodents  to  run  from  be¬ 
neath  shocks  of  fodder,  their  favorite 
haunts.  Once  in  the  open,  the  chase  has 
only  one  termination  in  all  cases,  the 
rooster  easily  overtaking  and  killing  his 
prey  by  shaking  it  like  a  terrier.  Heach- 
ard  also  declares  that  the  fowl,  in  its 
keeness  for  the  sport,  often  watches  rat 
holes  in  the  barn  like  a  cat  until  its  vic¬ 
tims  appear. — Philadelphia  Record. 


Spoiled  Meat  Meal. 

Is  a  grain  dealer  responsible  for  loss  of 
poultry  caused  by  eating  spoiled  meat 
meal?  I  bought  100  pounds  of  meat  meal 
that  smelled  worse  than  phosphate.  I 
made  a  dry  mash,  using  about  one-eighth 
of  meat  meal.  The  result  is  I  have  a  lot  of 
dead  poultry.  '  p.  p. 

Massachusetts. 

It  will  depend  on  whether  there  was  any 
misrepresentation  or  not.  Did  the  dealer 
say  or  guarantee  that  the  meat  meal  was  in 
good  condition?  If,  as  you  say.  the  stuff 
smelled  so  badly  and  you  knew  it,  a  court 
would  probably  hold  that  you  assumed  the 
risk  when  you  fed  it. 


Save  25c  roL  ■■ 

Feed  the  cob  with  the  corn — it’s  better — cheaper 
—it  gives  bulk  as  well  as  uutrition— aids  digestion 
— fattens  stock  quicker — produces  more  milk. 

*7tew  o/feUand 

Feed  M  Mills 

grind  easiest  and 
quickest.  Sturdily 
constructed — last  a 
lifetime  —  will  grind 
ear  corn  and  all  kinds 
of  small  grain.  We 
have  priced  these  mills 
very  low  to  ensure  big 
sales.  Write  today  for 
catalogue  and  low  prices. 

NEW  HOLLAND  MACHINE  CO., 
Box  41,  New  Holland,  Pa. 


H/TSELMAN  FENCE 

Sold  direct  to  you  at  factory 
prices  on  30  days  trial.  Save 
the  dealers  profit.  Farm,  Hog 
and  Poultry  Fence  at  from 

1  1%  CENTS  A  ROD  UP. 

All  wires  are  heavily  galvanized 
80  rod  spool  of  Ideal  galvanized 
Barbed  Wire  $1.40.  "Write 
to-day  for  large  free  Catalog  showing 
100  different  styles  and  heights  of  fencing 

_ Bo*  230  KITSELMAN  BROS.  MUHCIE,  IND. 

GREAT  CROP  RESULTS 

from  the  use  of  Martin’s  Animal  Bone  and  Tankage 
Fertilizers  force  ns  to  operate  a  third  factory;  total 
capacity,  200.000  ton".  Seven  large  abattoirs  and 
stockyards  furnish  the  bulk  of  our  raw  materials. 
Agents  and  farmers  constancy  assure  ns  that  our 
fertilizers  give  the  best  results  of  any  ever  tested 
and  that  they  sell  more  than  of  any  ever  handled. 
Agents  and  farmers  wanting  strictly  independent 
animal  matter  fertilizers,  with  exclusive  selling 
erritory.  should  arrange  with  us  NOW. 

D.  B.  MARTIN  CO.  buhdIng  Pittsburgh,  Pa, 

FflR  RA|  F“Show  aml  utility  Stock  White  Hoi- 
I  Ull  OnLL  land  Mammoth  Black  and  Narra- 
gansett  Turkeys.  African  White  Embden  Toulouse 
and  Buff  Geese.  W.  W,  Wilson.  S.  7th  St„  Zanesville  0 

inn  WHITE  LEGHORN  YEARLINGS  and  50  PUI.LETS- 

I  UU  25  White  Orpingtons:  20  Rhode  Island  Reds 
Few  cocks  and  cockerels  from  above  strains 

E.  G.  TUCKER,  Philadelphia,  Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y. 

PULLETS  and  YEARLING  HENS 

dottes,  single  and  rose  comb:  Brown  and  W.  Leg- 
horns i-R;  I.  Reds;  from  80  emits  perhea<t  up.  Write 
for  just  what  you  want  «uk!  how  piueh  you  wish  to 
invest.  Maple  Cove  Poultry  Yards,  R.  24  Athens.  Pa. 


Flying  Machines  Will  Never  Fly 

but  they  do. 

You  cannot  telegraph 
without  wires — 

but  they  do. 

Street  cars  cannot  run 
without  horses  to  pull 
them — 

but  they  do. 

Milking  machines  can¬ 
not  milk  cows  properly — 

but  they  do. 

The  problem  is  solved. 

The  Teat  Cup  With  the  Upward  Squeeze  Solved  It 

If  you  are  interested  we  will  give  you  every  opportunity  to  investigate 
Our  absolute  guarantee  goes  with  every  part  of  every 

Sharpies  Mechanical  Milker 

Ask  for  catalogue  “  E.” 

DAIRY  SPECIALTY  CO.,  Trust  Building,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


Get 

Your  Share 
of  the  Prolits 


Holiday 
Poultry 

Millions  of  dollars  are  spent  for  poultry  during  the 
holidays.  What  will  be  your  share  depends  on  the 
condition  of  your  fowls.  Give  Pratts  Poultry 
Regulator  to  your  turkeys,  geese,  ducks  and  chickens 
and  you  will  have  heavy  fowls  that  bring  top 
prices. 

pratts, 

Poultry  Regulator 

aids  digestion,  thus  enabling  the  fowls  to  get  every 
bit  of  nourishment  from  their  feed  and  to  put  on 
weight  quickly.  It  also  prevents  and  cures  the 
common  poultry  ailments. 

SATISFACTION  GUARANTEED 
OR  MONEY  BACK 

Our  dealers  will  promptly  refund  purchase  price  if 
Pratts  Poultry  Regulator  does  not  show  you  a 
handsome  profit.  Test  it  with  all  or  part  of  your 
fowls,  and  remember  that  it  is  an  unequalled  egg 
producer  also. 

25  lb.  pails  $2.50;  also  in  smaller 
packages  and  100  lb.  bags.  If  your 
dealer  cannot  supply  you,  write  us. 

Pratts  Roup  Cure  in  25c.  and  50c. 
packages  is  a  positive  preventive 
and  cure  of  this  terrible  disease. 

Our  1911  edition  Poultry  Book  mailed  free 

PRATT  FOOD  CO.,  Dept.,  55  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Pratts  Animal  Regulator  invigorates 
horses.cows,  calves,  hogs  and  sheep. 


Monarch 


Hydraulic 

Cider  Press 


Net  owners  25$  to  100^5 
on  investment  per  year 
Ask  for  Free  Cat¬ 
alog  and  "Good 
Tip”  booklet  tell- 
_  -  ing  how. 

Monarch  Machinery  Co.,  609  Hudson  Terminal,  New  York- 

INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS-t  Jenuine  White  Egg  Strain, 
I  $6.00  per  trio.  GEO.  BOWDISH.  Esperance,  N.Y. 

Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  M ay  return  ;it  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory,  Sinclair  Smith,  802  Fifth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

THE  FARMER’S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Feds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  (’atalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 

COCHINS 

to  $5.00. 

Some  good  enough  for  exhibition, 
and  all  good  utility  stock. 

MINCH  BROS.,  Route  $,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

LIGHT  BRAHMAS,  White  and  Barred  Rocks—  Young  and 
yearling  birds,  all  tine  and  pure  bred.  Low  prices 
for  fall  sales.  J.  A.  Roberts,  Malvern,  Pa. 

WHITE  EMDEN  GEESE-|§;g8;  ?{$jg 

for  rest  of  November,  cash  with  order,  F.  O  .  B.  here. 
Maple  Love  Poultry  Yards,"  R,  D,  24,  Athens,  Pa. 

9fl  EfifiSil.io — Leading  varieties.  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
ZU  try.  Pigeons.  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free,  targe  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 

PDIU  TRYMPN  Don  tfail  t0 secureStock  and 
rUULI  11  I  men  Eggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS.  Marietta,  Pa. 


CPPHIAI  f BARRED  ROCKS  AND  PARTRIDGE 

pu]iets  $2.00,  Cockerels  $3.60 

OFFER  ~ 


ill! 


lit 


FENCE 


MOSI  durable  fence 

made.  Heaviest  wires* 

Double  galvanized.  Stock' 
strong.  Chicken  tight. 

13  to  35c  per  rod. 

Sample  free.  We  pay  freight  ^ 
The  Brown  Fence  &  Wire  Co. 
Dept,  Cleveland,  O. 


ugop  rrre ,n  the  Ncx» 

lflUItr,  Eilltld  Thirty  Days 

Feed  your  hens  green  bone,  cut  with 
a  Stearns  Bone  Cutter.  We  will  lend 
you  one  to  try,  free,  for  the  next  80 
days.  1  f  your  hens  don ’t  lay  lots  more 
eggs,  don’t  pay  for  it. 

Write  to-day  for  catalog  and  booklet, 
“How  to  make  poultry  pay.’’ 

E.C.SteaimsSCo.,Box17,Syracuse.N.Y. 


MAKE  HENS  LAY 

By  feeding  raw  bone.  Its  egg-producing  value  Is  fout 
times  that  of  grain.  Eggs  more  fertile,  chicks  more 

rigorous,  broilers  earlier,  fowls  heavier  - 

profits  larger. 

MANN’S  lmod!L  Bone  Cutter 

Cuts  all  bone  with  adhering  meat  and 
gristle.  Never  clogs.  10  Daya*  Freo  Trial. 

No  money  in  advance. 

Sand  Today  for  Free  Book. 

V.  W.  Mann  Co.,  Box  15,  Milford,  Mass.l 


GRIT 


AKA-S11UL  SOLUBLE, 

^Roughest  grit  on  earth.  In¬ 
creases  egg  production. 
kThe  original  silica  grit. 

.  Avoid  substitutes.  Ask 
I  jour  local  dealer  or 
send  $1.00  for  two 

100-lb.  bags  f.  o.  b.  cars.  Agents  wanted. 

EDGE  HILL  SILICA  ROCK  CO. 

Box  J  Now  Brunswick,  N.  J 

MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1814 

R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 

Cf|nn  lambed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 

wUUU  Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 
right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  atone©  for  best  selections.  largest  sueeess 
fill  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle.  N.  Y, 


SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHOENS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  and  Cock¬ 
erels;  any  quantity  at  attractive  prices:  bred -today 
kind-  _ SUNNY  HILL  FAItM,  Fleminoton,  N.  J. 

S.C.  BROWN  LEGHORN  COCKERELS 

$1.00  Each,  8ix  for  $5. no.  GOOD  STOCK. 

H.  A.  THATCHER,  Pkrulack,  Pa. 

STERLING  STRAIN  S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS  are  heavy 
layers  of  large,  white  eggs.  Special  sale  for 
Noveni lie  1 — Cockerels,  $1  and  $2;  May  hatched 
pullets,  *1.25.  W.  Sterling  &  Son,  Cutchogue,  N.Y. 

Pullets,  Large,  Early,  Mixed  Breeds 

at  80c  each  in  lots  of  10  or  more,  cash  with  order, 
F.  O.B.  here.  J.  HARLAN,  R.  D.  24,  Athens,  Pa. 

PULLETS  FOR  SALE — May  hatched  Wyckoff  strain 
White  Leghorns.  Large,  finely  developed  farm 
range  stock,  $1.25  each.  Dr.  M.  B.  DEAN,  Candor,  N.  Y. 

\A/ANTPn-SIN<1,  K  COMR  WHITE  IJCG- 

11  Mil  ILL)  HORN  HENS  and  PULLETS. 

Any  quantity.  Must  l>e  thoroughbred  and  vigor¬ 
ous.  State  number,  age  and  price. 

W.  C.  IV ORMAN,  Fl.KMINGTON,  N.  J. 

KEAN’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTES 

Extra  fine  Cockerels  ready  for  service,  $3.00  each. 
Pullets,  $2.00  each.  Guaranteed  to  satisfy  the  most 
fastidious.  Also  Choice  Indian  Runner  Drakes, 
$2.00  each.  E.  FRANKLIN  KEAN,  Stani.ky,  N.Y. 

Snow  White  Wyandottes  ™n^ehdreto 

lay.  Circular  free.  Goldenrod  Farm  Stewartstawn,  Pa. 

“PlTPERB  STRAIN”  WHITE  WYANOOHES-Selected  C0CK- 
0  ERELS  for  breeding,  $2.00  and  $3.00  each,  this 
month.  If  they  don’t  please,  return  at  our  ex¬ 
pense.  0WNLAND  FARM,  Box  497,  South  Hammond,  N.  Y. 


112« 


THE;  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


November  18, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


The  volume  of  work  in  this  depart¬ 
ment  has  become  so  large  it  is  not  pos¬ 
sible  to  report  any  representative  per¬ 
centage  of  the  inquiries,  but  as  many 
readers  are  interested  in  the  work,  we 
give  at  times  summaries  of  a  month’s 
work.  For  the  month  of  October  we 
received  45  claims,  amounting  to 
$3,811.50.  In  October,  1910,  the  com¬ 
plaints.  amounted  to  $2,680.32.  In  Oc¬ 
tober,  1911,  we  collected  or  settled  39 
claims,  amounting  to  $2,022.69,  against 
$470.70  for  the  corresponding  month 
last  year.  The  inquiries  for  rating  were 
142  for  October,  1911;  and  141  last  year. 
It  may  be  interesting  to  note  that  the 
increase  of  subscription  returns  for  Oc¬ 
tober,  1911,  over  October,  1910,  was 
$1,940.67,  or  $388.68  more  than  the  in¬ 
crease  of  collections  on  these  claims 
for  the  same  month.  It  will  be  evident 
from  this  that  while  we  accept  no  pay 
for  the  service,  the  work  is  appreciated 
not  only  by  those  immediately  con¬ 
cerned,  but  by  every  farmer  who  be¬ 
lieves  that  a  farm  paper  should  be  used 
in  every  legitimate  way  for  the  benefit 
and  protection  of  those  whom  it  is  de¬ 
signed  to  serve. 

I  wrote  some  months  ago  an  item  In 
my  poultry  account  book  “Stung!  .$1.50.” 
To-day  I  wrote  “Unstung!”  (through  It. 
N.-Y. )  credit  $1.50.”  With  best  wishes 
to  your  success.  G.  E.  c. 

Connecticut. 

This  was  in  acknowledgment  of  a 
little  work  we  were  able  to  do  for  him, 
in  the  adjustment  of  a  complaint,  which 
grew  out  of  a  misunderstanding. 

We  have  received  a  number  of  complaints 
against  Alfred  Post  &  Company,  31  East 
Fourth  street,  regarding  marked  difference 
between  quotations  and  returns,  and  ship¬ 
ments  for  which  payments  have  not  been 
made— last  season’s  business. — Financial 
News. 

We  have  complaints  on  file  also  from 
subscribers  who  have  been  unable  to 
get  their  money  for  goods  shipped  to 
this  concern. 

Please  show  up  this  Doctor  Rand  fake 
and  tell  “our  folks”  to  send  the  dollar  to 
The  R.  N.-Y.  It  will  bring  them  better  luck. 

New  York.  k.  m.  n. 

We  showed  up  this  fake  some  time 
back.  Mr.  Rand  has  a  “lucky”  stone 
which  he  secured  while  traveling  in 
India,  so  he  says,  and  he  wants  you 
to  have  one  very  badly.  Incidentally 
he  wants  your  dollar  equally  badly.  The 
literature  comes  from  Boston,  Mass. 
The  wonder  is  that  anyone  would  bite 
on  such  a  transparent  fake. 

George  F.  Colo,  engaged  as  a  commission 
merchant  in  the  egg.  poultry  and  farm 
produce  business  at  141  Atlantic  avenue, 
Brooklyn,  was  arrested  last  week  for  using 
the  mails  in  a  scheme  to  defraud.  Cole 
was  held  in  $54)0  bonds.  The  claim  of  the 
postoflice  officials  is  that  Cole,  by  the  use 
of  the  mails,  offered  very  good  prices  for 
farm  produce,  eggs,  poultry  and  dairying 
commodities  to  farmers  in  various  places 
throughout  Hew  England,  and  failed  to  pay 
for  the  goods  which  he  received.  They 
assert  that  he  frequently  effected  a  settle¬ 
ment  for  about  one-third  of  the  amount 
originally  stipulated,  and  that  only  after 
a  long  delay.  A  number  of  people,  they 
say,  who  made  inquiries  of  him  regarding 
their  transactions  with  him  failed  to  re¬ 
ceive  any  reply  at  all,  while  others,  after 
the  lapse  of  a  considerable  time,  received 
letters  with  a  death  notice  of  one  “George 
C.  Cole”  enclosed,  and  written  underneath 
the  declaration  “died  of  heart  failure,  didn’t 
leave  one  dollar.” 

Our  people  have  heard  of  Mr.  Cole 
before.  We  induced  him  to  make  some 
settlements  -with  our  people,  and  at  one 
time  lie  was  threatening  libel  suits.  We 
were  never  able  to  find  any  basis  for 
credits  to  him,  and  his  records  with 
shippers  were,  to  say  the  least,  not  en¬ 
couraging. 

I  enclose  you  an  advertisement  of  some 
land  that  was  sold  by  this  man  John  E. 
Strayer  of  Johnstown.  Pa.  Thousands  of 
dollars  are  being  sent  for  this  kind  of  land 
by  people  of  Cambria  and  Somerset  coun¬ 
ties.  If  you  know  anything  of  this  Florida 
Fruit  Land  Co.  please  let  me  know. 

Pennsylvania.  E.  E.  F. 

If  Mr.  Strayer  knows  nothing  about 
the  Florida  Everglades  he  ought  to  in¬ 
form  himself  before  alluring  his  neigh¬ 
bors  into  such  a  trap.  If  he  is  already 
acquainted  with  conditions  there,  he 
ought  to  be  ashamed  of  himself  for  his 
part  in  the  deception  of  his  neighbors. 
He  tells  you  in  effect  that  when  the 
State  canal  is  completed  the  lands  will 
be  fit  for  cultivation.  Such  is  not  the 
fact.  The  State  digs  some  large  ditches 
to  drain  the  Everglades,  but  before  they 
are  fit  for  cultivation  lateral  ditches 
must  be  cut,  leading  into  the  main 
canal  in  order  to  drain  the  land.  The 
Everglades  -are  overgrown  with  saw- 
weed  grass  and  the  land  must  be 
drained  and  cleared  before  cultivation 
is  possible.  When  the  water  is  removed 
the  surface  is  not  always  fertile.  In 
places  it  is ;  but  generally,  it  is  sandy 
and  infertile,  or  covered  with  vegetable 
growth,  wet  and  sour.  Mr.  Strayer’s 
open  letter  indicates  that  many  people 


have  bought  these  lands  on  his  recom¬ 
mendation.  If  this  is  so  many  people 
have  done  a  foolish  thing.  No  one 
should  buy  a  foot  of  land  in  Florida 
or  anywhere  else  for  that  matter  with¬ 
out  first  inspecting  it,  and  learning  from 
old  inhabitants  the  conditions  that  must 
be  met  thei The  land  agents  tell  very 
glowing  stories.  Some  of  what  they 
tell  may  be  true,  but  the  drawbacks 
which  they  do  not  tell  are  often  more 
important.  Florida  has  a  fine  climate, 
and  some  good  land,  but  you  do  not  get 
the  good  land  when  you  buy  without 
seeing  it.  Any  State  official  or  reliable 
resident  of  the  State  will  caution  you 
not  to  put  your  faith  in  land  promoters, 
nor  your  money  into  their  schemes.  One. 
trip  to  the  Everglades  will  probably 
cure  your  investment  fever  for  that 
Proposition.  I  was  on  the  banks  of  the 
great  ditch  myself,  and  a  more  forlorn 
looking  prospect  for  cultivation  I  never 
did  see.  They  will  probably  be  devel¬ 
oped  sometime,  but  it  is  little  short  of 
a  crime  to  induce  Northern  men  ad¬ 
vanced  in  years  to  sell  their  comfortable 
Northern  homes  and  invest  the  savings 
of  a  lifetime  in  that  forlorn  prospect. 

This  morning  I  got  my  money  from  the 
Kansas  City  Southern  R.  R.  Company.  I 
got  it  without  getting  an  order  from  the 
owner  of  the  land  on  which  the  hay 
burned.  I  was  in  their  office  the  other 
day  and  told  them  it  was  my  hay  and 
none  of  their  business  whose  land  it  was 
on  at  the  time  it  was  fired,  as  the  hay 
was  in  the  bale  and  not  standing.  Many 
thanks  for  your  kindness  and  help  which 
I  appreciate  very  much.  ir.  h. 

Missouri. 

The  railroad  company  acknowledged 
their  responsibility  but  withheld  pay¬ 
ment  because  the  subscriber  was  not  the 
owner  of  the  land  and  were  insisting 
on  a  statement  from  the  owner  to  show 
the  hay  was  not  his.  The  owner  lived 
in  another  State  and  had  no  interest 
in  the  hay  whatever,  and  it  was  only 
after  repeated  efforts  on  our  part  and  j 
that  of  the  subscriber  that  we  got  them 
to  a  point  where  they  settled  with  the 
owner  of  the  hay.  This  was  another 
one  of  the  tiring-out  processes,  which 
did  not  tire. 

Your  letter  is  at  hand  with  enclosure  of 
remittance  to  cover  the  settlement  which 
you  effected  for  me  with  the  United  States 
Express  Company.  Permit  me  to  thank  you 
very  kindly  for  this  favor.  While  the 
amount  involved  was  small,  yet  the  element 
of  Justice  was  upon  our  side,  so  it  was 
clearly  a  source  of  satisfaction  to  feel  that 
our  position  in  this  matter  was  justified 
in  the  view  taken  by  the  express  company 
and  refund  made  accordingly.  It  is  an¬ 
other  one  to  add  to  the  many  preceding  It 
where  your  “Publisher’s  Desk”  department 
has  been  of  use  to  your  subscribers.  Once 
again  I  thank  you.  E.  C.  H. 

New  York. 

This  was  for  a  shipment  of  bantams 
on  which  an  overcharge  was  made  by 
the  express  company.  It  was  paid  under 
protest,  as  our  subscriber  was  anxious 
to  get  the  bantams  unpacked.  No  dis¬ 
position  was  shown  to  settle  direct,  and 
we  took  the  matter  up  with  the  above 
result.  Whether  large  or  small,  the 
principle  is  the  same,  and  where  ship¬ 
ments  are  accepted  under  protest  the  ex¬ 
press  company  should  not  seek  to  shift 
the  responsibility.  Of  course,  this  sys¬ 
tem  of  overcharge  amounts  to  large 
sums  in  the  aggregate  to  the  express 
companies,  because  many  people  do  not 
know  that  they  are  overcharged,  and 
others  do  not  demand  redress. 

On  March  10  I  sent  to  J.  A.  Bennett  & 
Rons’  Co.,  Gouverneur,  N.  Y.,  $10  for  two 
of  their  champion  brooders.  Before  send¬ 
ing  the  order  I  inquired  how  soon  they 
would  be  able  to  ship  goods,  as  I  needed 
them  April  1.  They  replied  promptly  they 
could  send  one  or  more  the  same  day  they 
were  ordered.  After  waiting  10  days  with¬ 
out  getting  any  acknowledgment  of  my  or¬ 
der,  or  hearing  from  them  in  any  way,  I 
wrote  for  an  explanation,  calling  their  at¬ 
tention  to  the  fact  that  I  needed  the  brood¬ 
ers  by  April  1.  They  paid  no  attention.  I 
wrote  again  the  last  of  March,  telling  them 
to  -send  brooders  at  once  or  return  my 
money.  I  have  not  heard  a  word  from 
them.  If  you  can  do  anything  for  me  I 
Would  certainly  appreciate  it.  If  they 
would  explain  matters  to  me  I  would  have 
been  willing  to  wait,  although  I  have  200 
baby  chicks  on  hand  now  and  no  brooders. 
Flease  rouse  them  up  if  you  can.  j.  f. 

Pennsylvania. 

A  later  letter  acknowledges  receipt 
of  brooders  April  18 — three  weeks  after 
the  subscriber  was  ready  for  them.  We 
have  in  our  files  two  similar  complaints 
from  subscribers,  and  Bennett  &  Sons 
do  not  respond  to  our  letters,  nor  had 
they  sent  the  goods  when  last  reported. 
A  farmer  orders  goods  to  meet  certain 
conditions,  and  if  lie  does  not  have  the 
cooperation  of  a  dealer  his  whole  plan 
is  disarranged  and  he  meets  with  loss. 
When,  as  in  this  case,  a  definite  agree¬ 
ment  is  made  for  shipment  at  a  definite 
time,  it  is  a  breach  of  contract  to  delay 
the  shipment.  We  have  had  complaints 
from  farmers  against  this  concern  for 
years,  and  other  purchasers  are  en¬ 
titled  to  know  the  experience  of  the 
complainants.  j.  j.  d. 


C 


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The  World’s  Best  Engineers  Now 
Use  Concrete;  How  About  You? 

The  greatest  construction  experts  in  the  country  are  unanimously  in  favor  of  concrete. 
You  can  safely  follow  their  judgment. 

The  splendid  now  Curtis  Publishing  Co’s  Huilding,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  where  25,000  barrels 
of  Lehigh  were  used,  the  Western  Maryland  Ky.  Extension  requiring  150,000  barrels,  the 
Woolworth  Building,  New  York  City,  requiring  over  30,000  barrels,  the  Southern  Power  Co’s 
Dam  and  Plant,  at  King’s  Creek,  S.  C. — these  and  many  other  of  the  greatest  undertakings 
of  recent  years  have  been  built  with 

T  TOT/'IIPOrt-land 

LLllIWlCEMENT 

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Dept.  A 

Allentown,  Pa. 


9 

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1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


1137 


Crops  and  Markets 

Wholesale  Prices  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  November  10,  1911. 


BUTTER 


Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 33  @  .34 

Good  to  Choice . 25  @  .32 

cower  Grades  . 22  @  .24 

Storage . 24  @  .30 

State  Dairy,  best . 30  @  .31 

Common  to  Good . 22  @  .2S 

Factory . 1$  @  .21 

Packing  Stock . 17  @  .21 


Elgin,  111.,  butter  market  firm  at  32  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  32  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  34  cents. 

CHEESE 


Full  Cream,  best . 14  @  .15 

Common  to  Good . 12  @  .13 

Skims . 00  @  .12 

EGGS 

White,  good  to  choice . 40  @  .45 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 33  @  .35 

Common  to  Good . 24  @  .30 

Western,  good . 28  @  .35 

Under  grades . 15  @  .22 

Checks  and  dirties .  .12  @  .15 

Storage,  prime . 20  ®  .21 

BEANS 

Marrow,  100  lbs . 4.25  @  4.85 

Medium.... . . . 4.00  @  4.30 

Pea .  4.00  @  4.30 

Velio w  Eye .  3.85  @  3.90 

Red  Kidney . 5.50  @  6.00 

Lima,  California . 5.90  @  5.95 

HOPS 

Prime  to  Choice . 55  @  .57 

Common  to  Good . 52  ®  .54 

Pacific  Coast . 45  @  .47 

German  Crop,  new . 88  @  .93 

DRIED  FRUITS 

Apples,  evap.,  choice,  1911 . 09  ®  .10 

Common  to  good . . . 07  ®  .08 

Sun  dried . 07^@  .08 

Cherries . 19  ®  .21 

Raspberries . 26  @  .27 

FRESH  FRUITS 

Apples,  Wealthy,  bbl . 2.00  @  3.50 

«py .  2.50  @  3.50 

8pitzenburg  .  1.50  @  3.50 

Twenty  Ounce .  1.75  @2.75 

McIntosh .  2.50  ®  3.50 

Gravenstein .  2.00  @  3  00 

Baldwin .  1.25  @  3.00 

Greening .  1.50  @  3.25 

King .  2.00  @  3.50 

Hubbardston .  1.75  @  2.75 

York  Imperial .  2.50  @3.00 

Western  Spitz,  box .  2.50  @  3.25 

Western  Jonathan .  1.75  @  2.50 

Western  Newtown . 2.50  @  3.00 

Pears.  Secke],  bbl .  3.50  ®  5.00 

Clairgeau,  bbl .  2.00  ®  4.00 

Bartlett,  bbl .  2.50  ®  5.50 

Anjou,  bbi . 2.00  @  3.50 

Bose.  bbl....  . . 2.50  ®  5.50 

Sheldon .  2.00  @  5.00 

KlefTer.bbl . 75  @2.00 

Cranberries.  Cape  Cod,  bbl .  8.25  @  9  50 

Jersey,  bbl . 7.00  @  8.00 

Grapes,  Concord.  20-lb.  bkt . 30  @  .40 

Black,  4-lb  bkt . 09  @  .11 

Delaware . 13  @  .15 

Niagara . 11  @  .14 

Bulk,  ton . 30.00  @75.00 

Citron,  bbl . 40  @  .60 

VEGETABLES 

Potatoes,  N.  Y.  State,  bbl .  2.25  @  2.50 

Maine,  bag . .  2.35  @  2.50 

Long  Island,  bbl .  2.75  @  3.00 

Sweet  Potatoes,  bbl . 2.00  @  2.50 

Beets,  bbl . *. .  1.00  @  1.25 

Carrots,  bbl . 75  @  1.25 

Cabbage,  Danish  seed,  ton . 15.(10  @16.00 

Domestic  seed,  ton .  9.00  @12.00 

Cauliflowers,  L.  1.,  bbl . 90  @  1.75 

Cucumbers.  Southern,  bu .  2.00  @  3.00 

Celery,  Jersey,  bunch . 20  @  .45 

Lettuce,  (4-hhl  bkt . . .  .75  @2.00 

Peppers.  Jersey,  bbl . 50  @  1.50 

Onions.  State  and  Western,  100  lbs .. .  1.70  @  2.00 

Orange  Co.,  bag . 2.00  @  2.25 

White,  bu .  1.25  @  2.00 

Conn.  Yellow,  100-lb.  bag .  1.60  @  1.90 

String  Beans,  bu . 50  @  1.25 

Lima  Beans,  potato,  bu .  1.50  @  2.50 

Flat  kinds . 75  @  1.25 

Spinach,  bbl . 60  @  .80 

8qu;isn.  Marrow,  bbl . 50  @  .70 

Hubbard,  bbl . 60  @  .75 

Turnius.  Rutabaga,  bbl . 65  @1.00 

White,  bbl .  ...  1.00  ®  1.25 

Egg  Plants,  Fla.,  box .  1.25  @1.75 

Tomatoes,  Jersey,  box . 25  @1.00 

HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 

Cucumbers,  No.  1,  doz .  1.35  @  1.50 

No.  2,  box .  3.00  @  3.50 

Tomatoes,  lb . 10  @  .25 

Lettuce,  doz . 60  @  .75 

Mushrooms,  lb . 20  ®  .45 

NUTS 

Chestnuts,  bu .  1.00  @3.25 

Shellbarks,  per  50  lbs .  1.75  @  2.50 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Chickens,  lb . 10^@  .U}4 

Fowls . 10J^@  .11  % 

Roosters .  .07  @  ,07J^ 

Ducks . 12  @  .13 

Geese . 12  @  .13 

Turkeys . 14  @  .16 

Guineas,  pair . 40  @  .50 

ORESSED  POULTRY 

Turkeys.  Spring,  best . 21  @  .22 

Old  Common  to  Good . 12  @  .18 

Chickens,  choice  broilers,  lb . 23  @  25 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 18  @  .22 

Roasters . 20  ®  .22 

Fowls .  13  @  .16 M 

Spring  Ducks,  lb . 15  @  .18 

Squabs,  doz .  1.25  @4.50 

COUNTRY  DUE8SED  MEATS 

Calves,  prime,  lb . 12  @  .13 

Common  to  good . 08  @  .11 

Buttermilks . 06  @  .07 

Roasting  Pigs,  lb . 10  @  .121£ 

Pork.  Light . 09  @  ,09hj 

Heavy . 07  @  .08 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Bay.  Timothy  No.  1,  ton . 25.00  @  25.50 

No.  2 . ,...23.00  @  24.00 

No.  3 . 20.00  @  22.00 

Clover  Mixed . 20.00  @  24  00 

Clover .  20.00  @  24.00 

Straw,  Rye . 18.00  @  20.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 10.00  @  11.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 5.15  @  7.50 

Bulls . 3.00  ffl  4.60 

Cows .  1.60  @4.50 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 6.00  @10.00 

Culls  . 4.50  @  5  50 

8heep,  100  lbs .  1.50  @  3.50 

Lambs . 5.00  @  5.85 

Hogs . 5.00  @  6.50 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.13  @  .. 

No.  2.  Red .  .97  @  .. 

No.  2  Hard  Winter .  1.03  @  . 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 77  @  .82 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 50  @  .55 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 96  @  .98 

Barley,  choice  .  1.15  @  1.20 

MILL  FEED— CAU  Lots 

Spring  Bran. ton .  25.00  @  26.50 

Standard  Middlings .  27.25  @  30.00 

Red  Dog . 31.00  @  32.00 

Hominy  Chop .  25.00  @  26.20 

Linseed  Meal .  40.50  @  41.00 

Corn  Meal . 30.00  @  32.00 


COTTON 

New  Vork  Middling  Upland .  9.35 

Middling  Gulf .  9.60 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  8.75 

Good  Middling .  9.25 

CHICAGO 

Butter,  creamery . 25  @  .31 

Eggs,  good  to  prime  firsts . 20  @  .25 

Live  Turkeys . 10  @  .13 

Fowls  . 09  @  .10 

Chickens . 00  @  .10 

Potatoes,  bbl .  2.25  @  2.50 

Apples,  bbl .  1.75  @  4.00 

Sheep,  100  lbs .  2.25  @  3.90 

Lambs,  100  lbs .  3.75  @  6.10 

Hogs . 6.05  @  6.45 

BUFFALO 

Butter,  creamery . 30  @  .32 

Eggs,  State . 35  @  .37 

Live  chickens . . 13  @  .14 

Fowls . 10  @  .12 

Potatoes,  bbl . 1.85  @  2  40 

Calves,  live,  100  lbs . 5.50  @  9.00 

Sheep.  100  lbs . 1.50  @  3.50 

Lambs,  100  lbs . 4.00  @  5.65 

Hogs . 5.75  @  6.55 


BOSTON  MARKETS. 

The  demand  for  meats  is  steady  and 
prices  are  firm  on  all  good  grades  and  cuts. 
Beef  is  plenty  and  the  poor  grades  go  a  lit¬ 
tle  slow  at  lower  prices,  both  on  the  hoof 
and  dressed.  Best  steer  beef  brings  around 
12  cents  dressed  per  pound ;  other  good 
grades,  eight  and  10  cents.  Best  veals  go 
at  12  to  13  cents  per  pound,  dressed.  Lamb 
goes  at  10  or  11  cents  for  good.  Dressed 
hogs  are  firm  and  go  at  8 y2  to  10 V2  cents, 
whole  and  in  cuts.  Good  fresh-killed  ones 
in  local  markets  bring  the  higher  figure 
and  retail  at  16  to  18  cents  for  chops  and 
roasts.  Fowls  and  chickens  are  plenty  and 
price  is  unsettled  to  some  extent,  but  many 
are  sold  at  12  cents  per  pound,  live  weight. 
Dressed  fowls  go  at  13  cents  ger  pound  in 
some  cases.  Chickens  about  14  cents  on 
the  average.  Best  young  turkeys,  dressed, 
go  at  about  20  cents.  Old  and  poor  quality 
birds  much  lower.  Fancy  dressed  ducks  go 
at  15  to  16  cents  per  pound.  Butter  is 
firm  and  fresh  dairy  and  creamery  are  short 
in  supply,  going  from  33  to  35  cents  for 
best  fancy  grades.  Anything  fair  brings 
around  30  cents  per  pound  or  better,  whole¬ 
sale.  Local  retail  prices  are  from  33  to  38 
cents.  Cheese  is  steady  at  14  to  17  cents, 
wholesale,  for  good  grades  of  cream.  Eggs 
are  short  and  demand  steady.  Fresh  ones 
bring  45  cents  und  better  at  wholesale,  and 
many  pay  50  cents  at  retail,  both  in  Boston 
and  surrounding  towns  and  cities.  Fresh 
Western  bring  from  30  to  40  cents  whole¬ 
sale;  the  poorest  storage  bring  25  cents. 
Potatoes  bring  close  to  .$1  per  bushel  on 
ear.  delivered  in  Boston.  Shipments  from 
Maine  are  fairly  heavy,  yet  demand  is  such 
in  Boston  on  account  of  poor  local  crop 
that  the  supply  is  sold  about  as  quick  as  it 
is  placed  on  the  market.  Many  of  these  are 
sold  to  outside  buyers  and  reshipped  to 
other  places.  Sweets  are  nearing  the  end 
of  their  season  and  run  small  size,  but 
good  quality;  they  sell  at  about  $2.50  per 
barrel.  Onions  are  in  fair  supply  but  poor 
quality  as  the  rule,  and  go  at  $1  to  $1.25. 
a  bushel.  Green  stuff  is  nearly  done  and  not 
good,  yet  the  supply  is,  if  anything,  above 
the  demand  and  sales  are  unsatisfactory  in 
many  eases.  Cauliflower  is  plenty  and  sells 
at  25  to  40  cents  a  box.  Cabbage  is  in  fair 
supply  and  the  outside  receipts  keep  the 
price  down  to  about  $1  per  barrel.  Savoys 
go  from  50  to  85  cents  per  barrel.  Celery 
is  a  little  lower  at  from  75  cents  to  $1.25 
per  dozen  bunches.  Lettuce  is  poor  and 
goes  at  from  25  to  50  cents  per  bushel  box. 
Spinach  brings  from  35  to  50  cents  per 
bushel  box.  Tomatoes  sell  very  well ;  the 
last  outdoor  ones  bring  from  $1  to  $3  a 
box,  according  to  quality.  Hothouse  sell  at 
rate  of  $10  per  bushel.  Cucumbers  bring 
from  $5  to  $10  a  box.  Squash  sell  very 
poor,  the  supply  being  too  large  by  far  for 
the  demand  going  as  low  as  30  cents  per 
bushel ;  a  few  bring  50  to  75  cents  when  you 
catch  a  customer.  Pumpkins  are  almost 
impossible  to  dispose  of,  and  many  have  to 
he  taken  hack  home.  Many  farmers  are 
feeding  both  squash  and  pumpkins  to  the 
cows  rather  than  try  to  sell  them.  Turnips 
go  at  40  to  65  cents  per  bushel.  Apples 
are  in  heavy  supply,  especially  the  poorer 
grades,  and  sales  are  not  too  good.  Fancy 
native  bring  from  $1.50  to  $2  per  box. 
Good  table  apples  go  at  $1  per  box;  cook¬ 
ing  and  baking  apples  bring  from  40  to  70 
cents  per  box.  T  saw  good  Baldwins  sold 
at  $2  per  barrel  by  a  commission  house 
November  3.  Pears  are  about  done  or  in 
storage.  Bose  and  Anjou  bring  about  $2.50 
and  $3 :  Secke]  and  Sheldon  about  $2  per 
box;  common  cooking,  about  $1.  Quinces 
are  short  and  bring  $2.50  to  $3  per  box. 
Cranberries  bring  from  $5.50  to  $8  a  barrel 
and  are  being  rushed  to  market,  as  it  is 
doubtful  if  they  will  keep  very  well.  Grapes 
sell  well  at  from  12  to  17  cents  per  basket. 
Chestnuts  bring  $5  per  bushel  for  native. 
Walnuts  about  $2.50  per  bushel  for  native. 
Bananas  sell  at  two  or  three  cents  per  pound 
on  the  hunch.  All  sales  of  this  fruit  in 
Boston  are  now  made  by  weight  when  sold 
at  wholesale.  a.  e.  p. 


Ohio  Crops. 

The  State  Agricultural  Department  re¬ 
ports  the  area  of  Winter  wheat  for  next 
year’s  crop  as  1.915,758  acres,  and  rye, 
62.584  acres.  There  are  20.700  acres  in 
Alfalfa,  yielding  this  year  77.000  tons.  The 
potato  crop  is  estimated  at  8,161,203  bush¬ 
els,  six  per  cent,  affected  by  rot. 


The  month  past  has  been  full  of  light 
showers,  and  abundant  heat,  which  has 
made  it  hard  to  secure  beans  in  good  shape. 
Most  of  them  are  harvested  (Oct.  31).  and 
some  have  thrashed.  One  piece  yielded  21 
bushels  per  acre,  but  they  are  tough  and 
the  beans  soft  yet.  Cabbage  is  all  disposed 
of ;  it  was  not  a  good  crop  as  too  many 
beads  were  gone  by  cracking  and  growing 
deu  to  too  much  rain,  and  hot  weather. 
Last  sold  brought  $9  per  ton.  Danish 
cabbage  poor  crop  and  light  acreage.  Po¬ 
tatoes  yielded  well,  considering  the  long 
drought  we  had,  and  the  fight  with  the 
bugs.  Some  are  selling  for  65  cents  per 
bushel.  Wheat,  is  making  a  heavy  rank 
growth.  Alfalfa  looks  well.  Wheat.  90 
cents;  oats,  50;  barley,  $1.15  per  bushel; 
veal,  eight  ceifts  per  pound;  lambs,  5% 
cents;  pork,  nine  cents;  fowl,  11;  hay,  $19 
per  ton ;  beans,  red,  $2.75  per  bushel ;  but¬ 
ter,  25  cents  per  pound ;  eggs,  30  cents  a 
dozen.  e.  T.  u. 

Canandaigua,  N.  Y. 


We  have  had  much  wet  warm  weather  in 
September  and  October,  spoiling  a  large  per 


centage  of  corn  and  fodder  and  making 
wheat  seeding  late  and  decreasing  the  acre¬ 
age.  Clover-seed  hulling  hindered  and  much 
seed  lost;  acreage  low,  but  yield  good,  with 
prices  high.  Clover  seed  from  the  hullcr 
sold  for  $8  to  $10.  and  recleaned  at  $10  to 
$12  and  better  per  bushel.  Apples  a  good 
crop,  but  prices  are  low  and  demand  light. 
Wheat  is  all  seeded  and  up.  hut  is  small; 
it  is  dry  and  cold  now.  with  freezes  oc¬ 
casionally,  so  that  wheat  will  go  into  Win¬ 
ter  in  poor  condition.  Corn  a  good  yield, 
though  much  is  soft  and  spoiled  and  is 
being  cribbed.  New  corn  sells  for  60  cents 
per  bushel,  with  the  demand  good,  but  not 
much  is  being  offered.  Hogs  worth  six 
cents  and  going  to  market  unfinished,  owing 
to  fear  of  cholera.  Stock  cattle  very 
dull  and  fat  cattle  scarce  and  high.  Milk 
cows  in  demand  and  selling  at  $40  to  $65 
at  public  sales ;  several  farmers  are  intend¬ 
ing  to  keep  several  cows  and  ship  separated 
cream  to  Cincinnati.  Altogether  we  have 
had  a  strenuous  year,  hut  it  is  rounding 
out  much  better  than  it  promised,  for  which 
we  are  grateful.  w.  e.  duckwall. 

Highland  Co.,  Ohio. 


Thanksgiving  Poultry  Trade. 

The  turkey  crop  in  the  principal  produc¬ 
ing  sections  is  considered  larger  than  last 
year,  and  the  birds  nearer  to  the  prime 
condition  demanded  for  the  Thanksgiving 
market.  Great  quantities  of  turkeys  are 
raised  in  the  Southwest  and  the  States 
bordering  Kansas  and  Illinois.  Texas,  with 
its  favorable  climate  and  abundant  range. 
Is  an  ideal  place  for  turkeys,  as  well  as 
other  poultry,  the  main  drawback  being  the 
heavy  expense  of  getting  it  to  Eastern  mar¬ 
kets.  Maryland  and  Virginia  supply  a  good 
number  of  choice  turkeys  for  New  York’s 
Thanksgiving,  those  from  Maryland  usually 
bringing  the  top  price  over  all  receipts, 
sometimes  five  to  seven  cents  per  pound 
above  Western  stock.  The  only  reasons  are 
that  they  are  better  fattened  and  nearer 
fresh-killed  when  sold. 

Poultry  intended  for  the  New  York 
Thanksgiving  market  should  be  here  not 
later  than  Monday.  November  27.  Retailers 
are  then  ready  to  stock  up,  and  late  arrivals 
are  likely  to  find  a  dull  market.  There  is 
usually  a  good  trade  the  latter  part  of 
Thanksgiving  week,  so  that  those  some  dis¬ 
tance  away  or  on  indirect  shipping  routes 
would  better  plan  to  get  the  shipments  off 
early.  Poultry  for  New  York  should  bo 
bled  by  sticking  in  the  mouth  and  left  un¬ 
drawn.  Dry  picking  is  preferable.  The 
boxes  or  barrels  used  for  packages  should 
be  clean,  and  the  poultry  firmly  packed  so 
that  it  will  not  rattle  about.  Many  buyers 
will  take  straight  packages  of  one  grade, 
lienee  it  pays  to  grade  the  stock,  putting 
hen  and  tom  turkeys  in  separate  packages, 
and  the  culls  by  themselves. 

Thanksgiving  is  the  first  of  the  generally 
observed  Fall  holidays  so  far  as  special 
foods  are  concerned,  but  the  Jewish  New 
Years,  occurring  in  September,  interests  a 
large  number  of  the  New  York  population. 
Of  course  only  live  poultry  is  used  for  the 
Jewish  trade.  Over  200  cars  were  dis¬ 
posed  of  here  in  a  single  week  during  the 
recent  holiday  season.  This  live  poultry 
comes  largely  from  the  Southwest,  Ken¬ 
tucky,  Indiana  and  Illinois.  Some  of  it  is 
nearly  a  week  on  the  road,  and  during  all 
this  time  the  birds  must  be  fed  and  watered 
and  cared  for  so  that  they  will  be  alive  at 
least  when  they  reach  market.  The  amount 
of  comfort  that  they  get  on  this  trip  is 
nothing  to  brag  of,  nor  is  the  job  of  care¬ 
taker  an  easy  one. 

The  present  outlook  is  that  Thanksgiving 
turkey  of  good  quality  will  wholesale  up¬ 
wards  of  18  cents.  The  consumer  will  pay 
from  25  to  30  cents,  depending  upon  quality 
and  the  retailors’  conscience. 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  November  18, 
1911. 


FARM  TOPICS. 

Submerged  Outlet  for  Drain .  1110 

Analysis  of  Fertilizer .  1112 

Restoring  Old  Pasture .  1114 

Life  of  Clover  Seed .  1114 

Utilizing  Old  Manure .  1114 

How  to  Keep  Cabbage .  1114 

How  to  Keep  Pumpkins .  1114 

Coming  Farmers'  Meetings .  1114 

Seeding  Grass  Without  Grain .  1114 

Hope  Farm  Notes .  1116 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

Live  Stock  Pictures .  1111 

Butchering  on  the  Farm .  1122 

Lameness  .  1122 

Thumps  in  Pigs .  1122 

Milk  .  1124 

Massachusetts  Small  Dairies  Failing..  1124 
A  Wisconsin  Farmer  on  Milk  Dairying  1124 

Auction  Prices  .  1124 

Self-sucking  Cow .  1124 

Feeding  Calf  Without  Milk .  1124 

HORTICULTURE. 

The  Story  of  a  Good  Tree .  1109 

Good  New  Peaches  from  Texas .  1110 

The  Story  of '  a  Commission  Man....  1110 

A  Seedless  Pear .  1111 

Apple  Trees  and  Roots .  1111 

Transplanting  Wild  Blackberries .  1112 

Making  Mushroom  Spawn .  1112 

Apples  for  Northern  New  York .  1112 

Keeping  Apples  in  Delaware .  1113 

What  Peaches  for  Central  New  York?  1114 

Cohoes  und  Wistaria  .  1115 

Topping  a  Rubber  Plant .  1115 

Nasturtiums,  Dahlias  and  Gladiolus..  1115 

A  Question  in  Budding .  1117 

Nft  Harm  from  Eating  Grapes .  1117 

The  New  Hale  Peach .  1117 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day .  1120 

The  Rural  Patterns  .  1121 

Dried  Citron  Melon  .  1121 

Care  of  Child’s  Ears .  1121 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

The  Maine  Direct  Primary .  1111 

The  Public  Market  in  Illinois . 1111 

A  Cement  Watering  Trough . 1112 

Concrete  for  Icehouse .  1113  1 

Cleaning  the  Water .  1114 

The  Kink  in  the  Rope .  1114 

Belting  Questions  .  1117 

Editorials  .  1118 

Other  People’s  Money .  1118 

Events  of  the  Week..? .  1118 

New  York  Farmers’  Institutes .  1118 

The  Land  Show.. .  1118 

Publisher’s  Desk  .  1126 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
H-  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.’’  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

LET  US  TAN 
YOUR  HIDE. 

Cattle  or  Horse  hide.  Calf.  Dor,  Deer, 
or  any  kind  of  skin  with  hair  or  fur  on. 

Wo  make  them  soft,  liRht,  odorless, 
wind,  moth  and  water  proof,  and  make 
them  into  coats  (for  men  or  women), 
robes,  rugs  or  gloves  when  so  ordered. 

Your  fur  goods  will  cost  you  less  than 
to  buy  them,  and  be  worth  more.  It 
will  certainly  pay  you  to  look  into  it. 

Our  illustrated  catalog  gives  a  lot  of 
information.  Tells  how  to  take  off  and 
care  for  hides  ;  how  wo  pay  the  freight 
both  ways  ;  about  our  marvelous  brush 
dyeing  process  which  is  a  tremendous 
advantage  to  the  customer,  especially 
on  horse  hides  and  calf  skins;  about 
the  goods  we  sell,  taxidermy,  etc.,  but 
we  never  send  out  this  valuable  book 
except  upon  request.  If  you  want  a 
copy  send  in  your  correct  address. 

The  Crosby  Frisian  Fur  Company, 

571  Lyell  Ave.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

I  Raw  Furs  Wanted  I 


1 


Skunk,  Mink,  Raccoon.  Opossum,  Fox,  Muskrat  and 
other  furs  are  bringing  high  prices  in  New  York  the 
best  market  for  you  to  Bhip  to.  Do  you  want  to  know 

“  How  to  Get  More  Money  for  Your  Raw  Furs?” 

Write  for  “  Monjo’s  Hunter  and  Trapper”  and  price 
11st— it’s  free.  Highest  commercial  references. 

F.  N.  MONJO,  156  W.  25th  St.,  N.  Y. 


I 


Cash  for 

Raw  Furs 


Make  more  money  out  of 
Raw  Furs  by  getting  full 
value  yourself  and  save 
middleman’s  profits. 
New  York  is  best  market 
and  wo  pay  highest  prices 
for  hides  of  Skunks, 
...  ...  .  Minks,  Goons,  etc.  Out 

out  the  commission  house  humbug  and  ship  to  us  di¬ 
rect.  We  stand  express.  More  than  30  years  in  business. 
DCI  T  BIITI  CD  Pfl  write  for  price  list  and  references. 
DtL  I ,  BU  I  LtK  bU.,  Exporters,  4  East  12th  Street,  NewYork 


RAW  FURS 


G.  X.  FOX.  162 
W.  26th  Street, 
N.Y.  A  square 
deal,  liberal  as 
sortment,  top 
prices.  Write 
for  price  list. 


TRAPPING  PAYS  BIG 

if  you  know  the  inside  secrets  of  tho 
a-j,  v  v.  business.  Fur  News  Magazine,  pub- 
.  .  lished  monthly,  $1  a  year,  tells  all  about 

trapping,  hunting,  raw  furs,  hunting  dogs,  guns,  traps 
camps  and  all  pursuits  for  profit  in  the  woods  and  fields, 
Good  stories,  too.  Spechil  Offer.  Send  25c.  for  3  months’ 
trial  and  get  1'rec  valuable  04-page  Trappers’  Guide 
Fur  News  Pub.  Co.,  48  W.  24th  St.,  New  York,  Room  820. 


SKUNK 

M.  J.  Jewett  «fc  Sons, 


Webuy  Skunk,  Mink,Musi> 
rat  and  all  other  raw  furs  at 
highest  market  prices,  and 
give  liberal  assortments  and 
"A  square  deal”  to  everyone. 

_  Price-list  free. 

Redwood,  N.  Y.,  Dept.  29 


Skunk,  Mink,  Coon  a  Specialty 

The  highest  prices  paid  for  these,  and 
all  other  furs.  No  matter  how  largo  or 
small  a  lot  you  have,  I  want 
you  to  get  my  PRICES.  I  hold 
all  shipments  for  approval 
when  requested  and  tele- 
graph  offers  for  large  lots, 
™  1  pay  express  charges  on 
'  all  over  $10.  Write  for 
prices  today  to 

0-  L.  SLENKER,  East  Liberty,  0. 

RAW  FURS  WANTED 


i  Highest  Prices  Liberal  Assortment  i 


QUICK  CASH  PAYMENTS 

Why  not  become  one  of  our  satisfied  shippers? 

Write  lor  Price  Lint  und  Reference* 

Write  To^iay — Write  Now 

SUSK1ND  &  LEVY 

DeP*-  fl  49  East  9th  Street  New  York  City 


’ TDADDrDC  Mak*  Mo*-. 

I  II  Hi  iCKu  Money.  Head 
»  _  Hunter-Trader. 

f,.  Trapper,  illustrated,  128  to  200  page 
,  „  magazine  about  Steel  Traps,  Dead- 

Vw£p,i?e  Sucre's  Haw  Furs,  Dogs,  Guns,  Ginseng, 
Sample  10  cts.  BUYERS  end 
TRAPPER8,  you  need  the  18-24  page  weekly.  Camp  and 
’m°-ntainS*KaW  Fllr  Plice  List-  Market  Lett  era,  etc* 

lNftPpPTi  .r«VOn00pi-oo°r/"'h'  ~r,r-  A  K  HARO- 

l.YU  I  LB.  4,0.,  Box  ,>09,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  CO.  Com¬ 
mission  Merchants.  284  Washington  St..  New  York. 

The  Rochester  Produce 

&  Commission  Company 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 

Highest  Prices  Paid  for  Butter,  Cheese.  Eggs,  Lard, 
Poultry,  Calves,  Beans,  Potatoes,  Etc. 

244-246  Clinton  Avenue,  North  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

D  LEASE  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com- 
I  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter, 
Eggs,  Poultry,  l  ork.  Calves,  Hay,  Grain,  Beans 
Apples,  etc.  E.  B.  WOODWARD,  302  Greenwich  St.,  N.  if! 

JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

Dressed  Poultry  and  Eggs  Our  Specialties 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 

Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St,,  -  Boston. 

Poultry  forThanksgiving 

APPLES,  PEAKS  and  all  Fruits  and 
Vegetables,  Fancy  Eggs,  Hothouse 
Products.  Top  prices  secured  for 
choice  goods.  Correspondence  solicited. 

Archdeacon  &  Co,,  100  Murray  St.,  New  York 


1128 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


November  18,  1911. 


Three  Thousand  Miles  of 


A**# 


Dry  Feet 


TO  supply  the  demands  of  more  than 
eight  million  people  who  wear 
“BALL-BAND”  Rubber  and  Woolen 
Footwear,  required  in  1910: 

1,252  carloads  of  raw  material,  sup¬ 
plies,  etc.  This  material  if  put  into  one 
continuous  train,  forming  a  hollow 
square,  would  enclose  more  than  3,600 
acres  with  a  solid  wall  of  fully  loaded 
freight  cars.  * 

In  1910  we  shipped  to  “BALL-BAND” 
dealers  1,030  carloads  of  finished  foot¬ 
wear.  The  shipments  would  make  a 
train  similar  to  the  above,  solidly  en¬ 
closing  2,500  acres. 

It  required  5,000,000  square  yards  of 
sheetings,  cotton  duck,  cashmerette, 
wool  linings,  etc.,  to  make  these  goods— 
enough  cloth  to  cover  1,033  acres  com¬ 
pletely. 

We  spun  one  and  a  quarter  billion  yards 
of  yarn  for  knit  boots,  lumbermen’s  sox, 
etc. — almost  enough  to  form  three  strands 
from  the  earth  to  the  moon. 


tinued  demand  of  the  earliest  wearers  for 
word  explains  this  vast  growth — QUALITY. 

People  don’t  come  back  a  second  time  for  an  article 
that  disappoints  them.  Eight  million  people  are  not 
deceived  year  after  year  by  goods  that  lack  merit. 

For  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  we  have 
manufactured  “BALL-BAND”  footwear — 
always  on  the  principle  that  we  would 
never  cheapen  the  quality  of  our 
goods  to  meet  competition. 


. 

IN  WET,  cold,  muddy,  snowy  or  slushy  weather 

more  than  eight  million  pairs  of  feet  are  kept  dry,  warm  and  com¬ 
fortable  by  the  famous  “BALL-BAND”  Rubber  and  Woolen  Footwear. 

The  sixteen  million  rubber  boots,  arctics,  overs  and  other  articles  of 
“BALL-BAND”  footwear  with  which  these  feet  are  protected  would  make  a  con¬ 
tinuous  line  of  more  than  3,300  miles — a  dry  walk  from  New  York  to  San  Francisco, 
with  an  additional  line  of  a  hundred  miles  or  so  along  the  coast. 

Many  of  these  millions  have  worn  “BALL-BAND”  for  years.  Multitudes  are  added  to 
this  host  of  buyers  every  year. 

Ten  years  ago  we  were  selling  about  two  million  dollars’ 
worth  of  our  footwear  a  year. 

From  this  our  annual  business  has  grown  to  more 
than  ten  and  a  half  million  dollars,  the  total  for 
1910.  Thus  this  enormous  total  represents 
an  increase  in  the  yearly  demand  for 
“BALL -BAND”  of  over  $8,000,000. 

One  word  explains  the  con- 

“BALL-BAND”  One 


Every  article  of 
“BALL- BAND”  Foot¬ 
wear  bears  the  RED 
BALL  trade-mark. 
Look  for  it! 


Rubber  footwear  looks 
much  the  same  to  the  pur¬ 
chaser.  Only  an  expert  can 
tell  the  difference  in  quality  by 
appearance.  We  could  save  one  mil¬ 
lion  dollars  a  year  in  the  manufacture  of 
“BALL-BAND”  by  inferior  compound  and 
inferior  workmanship. 

But  such  a  saving  would  not  build  up  a  patronage  of 
eight  million  people  nor  an  annual  business  of  ten  and  a  half 
million  dollars. 


Look  for  the  Red  Ball  sign  when  you  go  to  buy  rubber  footwear.  Many  dealers  dis¬ 
play  these  signs  in  their  windows  or  store  fronts  for  the  guidance  of  the  constantly  increas¬ 
ing  number  who  are  asking  about  “BALL-BAND.” 

Whether  you  see  the  sign  or  not,  you  are  sure  to  find  the  Red  Ball  trade-mark  on  all 
“BALL-BAND”  goods.  Insist  on  it.  It  is  your  protection. 

Forty-five  thousand  dealers,  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  sell  “BALL-BAND” 
goods.  If  your  dealer  cannot  supply  you,  write  us,  mentioning  his  name,  and 
we  will  see  that  you  are  fitted. 


Mishawaka  Woolen  Mfg.  Co. 

Mishawaka,.  Indiana 


“The  House  That  Pays 

Millions  for  Quality 


Vot..  LXX,  No.  4126. 


THE  CAMERA  AS  A  BUSINESS  PROPOSITION. 
How  to  Take  Pictures. 

On  some  farms  the  camera  should  be  regarded  as 
a  needed  tool,  like  other  farm  implements,  as  a 
means  of  advertising  purebred  live  stock,  fancy  fruits, 
and  other  farm  produce,  also  in  selling  real  estate. 
For  many  years  I  have  used  the  camera  for  making 
photographs  on  my  own  place,  and  have  made  them 
for  the  owners  of  some  of  the  largest  live  stock 
farms,  who  used  the  pictures  for  advertising  pur¬ 
poses.  Many  breeders  of  purebred  stock  now  have 
their  animals  photographed,  when  they  are  in  the 
right  condition  for  selling,  and  either  have  the  nega¬ 
tives  printed  on  post  cards,  or  use  unmounted  prints, 
the  right  size  for  ordinary  envelopes,  and  mail  them 
to  prospective  customers.  The  photograph  being  a 
true  representation  of  the  animals,  it  is  the  best 
possible  guide  for  the  purchaser,  and  can  save  him  the 
time  and  expense  of  going  to  see  the  animal  before 
buying  it.  A  good  photograph  exactly  portrays  the 
subject  pictured,  therefore  its  value.  The  buyer 
knows  he  cannot  be  deceived  by  it ;  in  fact  some  of  the 
proprietors  of  large  cattle,  horse  and  poultry  estab¬ 
lishments,  make  most  of  their  sales  with  photos  placed 
in  letters,  replying  to  inquiries,  or  soliciting  customers. 
Most  of  them  hire  the  photos  made  by  expert  pho¬ 
tographers  at  considerable  expense.  These  are  not 
always  satisfactory,  because  the  photographer  is  not 
present  when  the  animal  is  in  just  the  right  condi¬ 
tion,  or  when  the  light  is  best. 

Usually  there  is  some  member  of  the  farmer’s  fam¬ 
ily  who  can  easily  learn  to  make  good  photographs, 
and  in  this  article  I  wish  to  tell  them  just  how  to 
start  right,  for  I  have  had  sufficient  experience,  and 
made  enough  mistakes,'  to  speak  with  some  authority 
on  the  subject.  For 
general  purposes,  if  I 
could  own  only  one 
camera,  costing  a  mod¬ 
erate  price,  it  would  be  a 
5x7  folding  box  camera. 

I  would  want  a  swing 
back,  or  bed,  rising  and 
sliding  front,  a  revolving 
back,  rack  and  pinion  for 
focusing,  and  a  bellows 
of  sufficient  length  to  use 
a  lens  of  more  than  one 
focus.  Such  a  camera 
can  be  purchased  for 
from  $20  to  $100,  or 
more,  according  to  the 
fineness  of  the  finish  of 
the  camera,  and  the  kind 
of  lens  and  shutter  with 
which  it  is  equipped. 

The  former  price  is  for 
the  plainest  camera  with 
the  ordinary  double  two- 
focus  lens,  automatic 
shutter,  and  the  latter  for 
a  camera  with  an  anas- 
tigmat  lens,  with  one  of 
the  best  high  speed  shut¬ 
ters.  Such  a  high-priced 
camera  is  very  desirable,  especially  for  photographing 
animals,  but  is  not  necessary.  The  best  grade  of  rec¬ 
tilinear  lens  costing  much  less,  and  an  automatic  shut¬ 
ter  working  at  one-hundredth'  of  one  second,  will  do 
nearly  as  well.  Buy  such  a  lens  for  one  size  larger 
photos  than  you  wish  to  make  of  animals.  For  a  4x5, 
or  3^x5^  pictures,  which  are  good  sizes  for  mailing, 
buy  a  5x7  camera  with  regular  lens  for  it.  The  lens 


NEW  YORK,  NOVEMBER  25,  1911. 


will  cut  a  4x5  plate  very  sharp,  used  in  the  camera  with 
a  kit,  but  it  may  not  the  full  size  of  a  5x7  'plate,  but 
will  do  so  with  16  stop  or  aperture  when  taking  a  pic¬ 
ture  of  subjects  that  do  not  move.  You  then  have  a 
camera  that  will  take  good  5x7  pictures  of  all  sub¬ 
jects  that  are  stationary  and  good  4x5  pictures  of  sub- 


COW  POSED  JUST  RIGHT.  Fig.  455. 


jects  like  animals  that  may  move,  and  so  require  a 
speed  of  1-25  to  1-100  part  of  a  second. 

I  advise  buying  a  plate  camera  that  will  take  either 
plate  holders  or  a  film  pack,  and  always  to  use  plates 
when  working  near  home,  and  the  film  pack  when 
traveling.  The  plates  cost  about  one-half  as  much  as 
films,  and  are  much  easier  for  the  amateur  to  develop 
and  print  from,  and  one  should  always  develop  his 


own  exposures.  A  few  plate  holders  will  be  needed, 
a  tripod,  focusing  cloth,  and  a  developing  and  printing 
outfit.  The  whole  outfit  can  be  purchased  at  wholesale 
prices  for  $25  to  $30,  or  one  can  pay  much  more.  Go 
to  your  local  photographer  for  information  on  all 
points,  if  you  know  nothing  about  photography. 

Now  I  will  tell  just  how  I  photograph  cattle.  First 
select  the  background.  I  prefer  in  Summer  a  some¬ 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR. 


what  broken  foliage,  and  sometimes  when  near  a 
stream  of  water  the  scene  is  more  picturesque.  The 
open  field  is  better  than  a  building  or  a  fence  for  a 
background.  Ftave  some  one  lead  out  the  animal,  and 
if  a  cow,  place  the  rear  slightly  higher  than  front  of 
body,  so  as  to  make  hips  and  udder  the  most  promi¬ 
nent,  for  by  these  a  cow  is  judged  more  than  by  other 
parts.  Place  the  hind  feet  in  a  natural  position  so  both 
the  front  and  back  of  the  udder  is  shown,  as  this  best 
reveals  its  size  and  shape.  Before  posing  an  animal  it 
is  well  first  to  lead  it  on  the  ground  and  mark  where 
the  front  and  back  feet  stand  by  small  sticks  or  stones, 
and  keep  her  in  place  just  long  enough  to  focus  the 
camera  sharp  upon  it.  If  you  have  a  5x7  camera,  mark 
with  a  pencil  around  a  4x5  plate  laid  on  the  center 
of  the  ground  glass,  and  focus  so  the  picture  is  inside 
these  lines..  In  this  way  you  will  allow  some  margin 
for  the  animal’s  moving.  Of  course  always  set  the 
camera  very  substantially  on  a  tripod.  With  the  ground 
thus  marked,  if  the  animal  moves  you  can  put  it  back 
in  the  same  place,  and  need  not  move  the  camera  or 
change  the  focus.  If  it  is  ordinary  bright  sunshine 
in  Summer,  between  8  a.  m.  and  5  p.  m.,  I  open  the 
stop  of  the  shutter  full  aperture  and  set  the  time  1-100 
of  a  second,  put  in  the  plate  holder  and  draw  the  slide. 
The  most  difficult  part  of  the  work  is  to  pose  the  ani¬ 
mal  rightly,  and  keep  it  in,  position  long  enough  for 
the  exposure.  A  frightened  animal  will  not  give  a 
good  picture;  take  your  time,  and  do  not  become 
flurried  or  nervous. 

I  should  have  said  the  camera  should  be  set  for  pic¬ 
tures  in  sunshine  so  the  sunshine  is  at  the  back,  and  at 
an  angle  toward  the  rear  of  the  animal  instead  of  in 
front,  then  there  will  be  no  shadow  of  the  head  on  the 
body  if  it  is  turned  toward  the  camera.  Try  to  attract 
the  attention  of  the  animal  by  shaking  a  coat  or  some¬ 
thing  so  it  will  put  the 
ears  forward  and  turn 
the  head  slightly  toward 
the  camera.  When 
every  part  of  the  body 
is  posed  and  quiet  for  an 
instant,  then  press  the 
bulb.  It  is  well  to  make 
two  or  more  exposures 
of  the  same  animal,  as 
one  may  be  more  pleas¬ 
ing  than  the  other. 
Other  animals  of  about 
the  same  size  can  be 
photographed  in  the  same 
marked  place,  without 
changing  the  camera  or 
focus. 

Photographing  fowls  is 
somewhat  more  difficult 
than  cattle  and  horses. 
One  very  good  way  is  to 
use  a  box  about  two  feet 
square,  and  18  inches 
high.  Set  the  box  on 
the  side  and  focus  the 
camera  sharply  on  the 
box,  then  place  the  fowl 
in  the  box.  It  has  to  re¬ 
main  still,  in  sunshine, 
only  1-100  part  of  a  second,  and  one  is  quite  sure  of 
the  picture. 

I  have  indicated  methods  in  amateur  photography 
so  one  can  easily  study  out  ways  for  photographing 
all  farm  animals,  pet  stock,  etc.,  but  each  one  must 
study  the  subject  until  he  understands  the  correct 
posing  of  animals,  then  the  execution  of  the  photo¬ 
graph  is  quite  easy.  I  have  not  mentioned  the 


A  GOOD  BACKGROUND  FOR  A  PFIOTOGRAPH.  Fig.  456. 


1130 

graflex  type  of  camera  some  professionals  use  for 
animal  photography,  because  of  the  high  cost.  Most 
farmers  will  not  care  to  pay  close  to  $200  for  a 
camera.  Other  fields  for  the  commercial  use  of  the 
camera  on  the  farm  are  photographing  fruits,  vege¬ 
tables,  nursery  stock,  etc.,  offered  for  sale,  as  photo¬ 
graphing  a  box  of  fancy  apples  and  sending  the 
print  to  grocer  or  consumer.  Showing  the  photo¬ 
graph  may  effect  a  sale  as  well  as  showing  the 
article  itself  at  a  much  greater  expense. 

New  York.  w.  h.  jenkins. 


A  PLAN  FOR  PARCELS  POST. 

I  desire  an  earnest  word  with  all  advocates  of 
parcels  post.  The  end  sought  is,  I  believe,  to  secure 
the  most  economical  transportation  of  small  pack¬ 
ages,  11  pounds  or  more,  sent  the  average  distance 
that  the  average  man  will  send  such  packages.  This 
average  distance  will  be  perhaps  100  miles ;  it  cer¬ 
tainly  will  not  be  half  way  across  the  continent.  The 
average  man  will  not,  when  he  comes  to  understand 
it,  want  to  pay  enough  more  on  his  100-mile  rate 
to  allow  others  to  send  their  packages  3,000  miles  at 
the  same  rate.  Yet  it  must  be  clearly  recognized 
that  parcels  post  must  be  self-supporting,  and  that  if 
the  long  distance  parcels  do  not  pay  their  own  way, 
the  short  distance  ones  must  pay  enough  more  to 
make  it  up. 

Can  a  genuine  parcels  post  be  established  in  Amer¬ 
ica  on  that  plan?  I  think  not.  Now,  what  has  been 
the  rate  proposal  before  Congress  that  substantially 
all  the  active  friends  of  parcels  post  have  apparently 
believed  would  give  the  thing  sought?  Twelve  cents 
per  pound  throughout  the  United  States,  as  I  under¬ 
stand  it.  That  would  be  a  help,  of  course,  but  how 
much  is  it  really  going  to  accomplish  towards  estab¬ 
lishing  a  great  parcels  post  in  this  country  to  make 
the  minimum  rate  of  24  cents  on  two  pounds  or  60 
cents  on  five  pounds  or  $1.32  on  11  pounds,  when  the 
express  companies  will  now  as  a  rule  carry  all  short 
distance  packages  at  as  low  rates  as  that?  How 
much  produce  will  the  farmers  of  America  be  able 
to  market  at  such  rates?  What  is  wanted  above  all 
else  is  a  vast  local  business  in  small  packages  at  the 
lowest  possible  rates  for  moderate  distances — from 
farmers  sending  things  to  their  customers  in  nearby 
towns,  as  well  as  receiving  things;  from  the  whole¬ 
sale  houses  in  the  nearby  great  city  to  the  local  deal¬ 
ers;  in  fact,  precisely  the  present  small  package  ex¬ 
press  business  vastly  accelerated  by  the  lower  rates 
affording  easier  communication. 

Let  no  one  confuse  parcels  post  conditions  with 
those  of  letter  post.  In  the  latter  the  cost  of  trans¬ 
portation  is  insignificant  in  proportion  to  the  charge. 
Consequently  the  distance  does  not  much  matter,  but 
with  parcels  post  the  reverse  is  true,  and  the  cost  of 
transportation  must  always  be  the  controlling  factor. 

Many  leading  advocates  of  parcels  post  seem  really 
to  think  that  the  wider  the  territory  at  a  common 
rate  the  greater  the  advantage,  as  though  the  greater 
privilege  were  in  some  way  to  be  got  out  of  the 
government  for  nothing,  overlooking  that  in  this  case 
those  who  dance  must  surely  pay  the  piper.  We,  the 
shippers  of  small  packages  of  the  United  States,  hope 
to  become  a  mutual  forwarding  company,  called  par¬ 
cels  post,  and  the  total  charges  for  shipping  the  pack¬ 
ages  must  equal  the  total  cost.  Now,  how  do  we 
xvant  to  divide  up  those  charges  among  the  shippers ? 
That  is  the  question.  One  of  the  great  difficulties  of 
having  parcels  post  rates  graduated  to  distances  lies 
in  the  complex  system  involved  should  the  distances 
be  in  miles  that  must  be  differently  determined  for 
every  post  office  in  tbe  country,  though  it  is  worked 
so  successfully  in  Germany  and  other  countries. 

But  why  may  not  a  system  of  zones  be  arranged 
that  would  be  easily  understood  by  all  and  be  al¬ 
most  automatic  in  operation?  What  I  suggest  is  to 
establish  zones  somewhat  like  this: 

Zone  1.  Within  any  three  adjacent  counties. 

Zone  2.  Within  any  six  adjacent  counties. 

Zone  3.  Within  any  State. 

Zone  4.  Within  any  two  adjacent  States. 

Zone  5.  Within  any  three  adjacent  States. 

Zone  6.  Within  the  United  States. 

The  counties  need  not  be  in  the  same  State,  and 
some  of  the  smaller  States  might  well  be  grouped 
and  considered  as  one  State,  to  equalize  the  distances 
better.  This  plan  is  not  given  out  with  any  confi¬ 
dence  that  the  most  desirable  boundaries  of  the  zones 
have  been  suggested,  but  it  may  serve  to  suggest  fhe 
pacticability  of  the  plan.  In  conclusion  I  want  to 
urge  upon  every  advocate  of  parcels  post  this  con¬ 
sideration:  If  the  rate  to  the  remotest  part  of  the 
United  States  is  once  lowered  it  can  never  be  re¬ 
stored.  If  the  rate  is  now  reduced  to  12  cents  a 
pound  it  will  prove  one  of  the  greatest  and  most 
enduring  handicaps  to  genuine  parcels  post  that  can 
be  devised.  datus  c.  smith. 

New  York. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

HOW  TO  START  ALFALFA  IN  NEW  YORK. 

(1)  Select  a  well-drained  fertile  field  free  from 
weeds. 

(2)  Manure  well  and  plant  some  crop  like  cab¬ 
bages  or  beets  and  keep  it  well  cultivated  and  hoed. 

(3)  Plow  it  very  deep  in  the  Fall. 

(4)  Apply  evenly  over  the  soil  about  two  tons 
of  quicklime  or  four  tons  of  ground  limestone. 

(5)  In  the  Spring  work  the  ground  thoroughly  to 
kill  all  the  weeds  and  to  preserve  the  moisture.  Roll 
once  or  twice  to  keep  the  seed  bed  firm. 

(6)  Apply  500  pounds  of  inoculated  Alfalfa  soil, 
just  before  seeding  down  about  June  1. 

(7)  Sow  14  quarts  of  good  plump  Alfalfa  seed 
that  is  guaranteed  free  from  dodder  and  12  quarts  of 
barley  as  a  nurse  crop,  to  protect  the  tender  Alfalfa. 

(8)  Cut  the  barley  for  hay,  leaving  eight  inches 
of  stubble. 

(9)  Top-dress  with  a  light  coat  of  manure  late 
in  the  Fall. 

Alfalfa  started  this  way  has  done  remarkably  well 
throughout  New  York  State.  It  is  the  best  crop  for 
the  dairyman.  g.  g.  b. 

Cazenovla,  N.  Y. 


AN  OHIO  ORCHARD  ON  SHARES. 

I  am  offered  an  apple  orchard  of  200  trees  to  take  care 
of  for  a  share  of  the  fruit.  The  orchard  is  badly  run 
down  ;  it  is  plainly  evident  that  the  trees  are  starving.  It 
would  necessitate  plowing  it  up  and  putting  in  some  kind 
of  crop  to  plow  under  I  believe.  I  judge  it  has  been  in 
bearing  seven  or  eight  years,  and  has  never  been  sprayed. 
I  own  no  spraying  outfit.  What  terms  could  I  take  hold 
of  this  orchard  to  make  any  money?  In  other  words, 
what  share  of  the  fruit  should  I  have,  apples  being  prin¬ 
cipally  all  Winter  varieties.  Should  I  begin  working  this 
orchard  this  Fall  or  begin  in  the  Spring?  w.  d.  c. 

Ohio. 

Many  orchards  in  Ohio  and  other  States  are  starv¬ 
ing,  and  our  experiment  station  as  well  as  other  sta- 


“I’D  LEAVE  MY  HAPPY  HOME  FOR  YOU.”  Fig.  457. 

tions  has  been  demonstrating  the  use  of  chemicals, 
manures  and  cultivating  with  cover  crops  till  we  feel 
reasonably  safe  in  planning  out  the  work  of  caring 
for  orchards  that  have  been  neglected.  Many  or¬ 
chards  have  responded  profitably  when  'nitrate  of 
soda,  phosphoric  acid  and  potash  have  been  applied 
in  the  Spring  about  the  time  the  bloom  fell,  on  sod 
and  also  under  cultivation.  About  as  good  results 
have  been  obtained  without  the  use  of  potash  in  two 
years’  trial,  but  it  may  be  best  in  the  long  run  to  use 
some  potash.  If  the  land  is  such  that  it  is  not  apt  to 
wash  it  may  be  plowed  this  Winter  and  cultivated 
till  early  in  the  Summer,  and  then  sow  some  legumi¬ 
nous  crop,  such  as  cow  peas,  Soy  beans  or  clover,  or 
the  cow  peas  may  be  planted  in  rows  and  cultivated, 
and  the  crop  can  be  cut  and  fed  to  stock  or  left  on 
the  ground.  If  there  is  danger  of  washing  it  should 
be  left  in  grass,  or  if  plowed  and  cultivated  one  year 
it  should  be  seeded  down  again  next  year  in  the 
Summer  or  Fall.  Cultivation  will  make  the  plant 
food  available  when  the  sod  is  turned  over  and  rots, 
and  will  give  about  as  good  results  as  chemicals  for 
a  year  or  two,  but  cultivation  without  cover  crops 
or  manure  to  furnish  humus  will  soon  put  the  orchard 
in  as  bad  condition  as  when  left  in  sod  and  no  mulch 
applied.  Trees  of  the  age  mentioned  should  probably 
have  used  around  them  about  five  pounds  nitrate  of 
soda,  and  2l/2  pounds  phosphate,  and  it  may  pay  to 
add  potash  in  same  quantity,  yearly. 

If  there  is  San  Jose  scale  in  the  orchard  or  around 
it,  lime-sulphur  solution  should  be  .used  some  time 
before  the  trees  come  out  in  bloom  next  Spring  at  the 
rate  of  1-10,  but  if  no  scale  it  may  be  diluted  to  1-30 
or  Bordeaux  may  be  used  just  before  the  bloom  comes 
out  and  if  any  sign  of  insect  injury,  arsenate  of  lead 
should  be  used  with  it.  After  the  bloom  drops  it 
should  be  treated  several  times  through  Spring  and 
Summer  with  dilute  lime-sulphur  and  arsenate  of 
lead,  or  Bordeaux  and  arsenate  of  lead,  depending 
somewhat  on  the  varieties  and  location. 

It  is  risky  to  rent  an  orchard  for  only  one  year, 
as  the  work  in  getting  it  ready  to  produce  properly 


November  25, 

may  be  lost  by  a  failure  or  light  crop  due  to  freezing, 
frost,  hail,  wind,  drought,  etc.  I  would  not  care  to 
rent  for  less  than  three  or  five  years,  and  would  not 
take  it  for  less  than  half  of  the  crop  if  it  is  a  good 
orchard  and  good  varieties,  and  if  not  up  to  that 
standard  it  would  not  pay  to  take  it  for  less  than 
three-fourths  or  two-tl;irds.  If  chemicals  are  used 
next  Spring  the  good  results  may  not  be  shown  till 
the  year  following,  if  the  trees  do  not  have  a  crop  of 
fruit  set  then.  If  a  good  crop  is  promising  when  the 
fertilizer  is  applied  it  will  help  improve  it,  and  also 
help  make  a  set  of  strong  fruit  buds  for  the  year  to 
follow.  A  new  man  is  apt  to  think  he  can  take  an 
orchard  for  less  of  the  crop,  and  the  owner  is  apt 
to  think  he  should  have  more  than  I  have  suggested, 
but  I  have  been  on  both  sides  of  the  fence  in  a  small 
way,  and  feel  sure  that  what  I  have  pointed  out  is  about 
as  fair  for  both  parties  as  I  can  see  it.  I  presume 
it  will  cost  about  $25  for  a  hand  spraying  outfit,  and 
the  spraying  material  and  work  for  the  whole  season’s 
treatment  will  bring  the  cost  up  to  about  $100;  the 
chemicals  will  be  worth  $50  and  the  cost  of  plowing 
and  cultivating  and  cover  crops  may  be  $50  more, 
or  mowing  and  mulching  will  cost  something,  and 
there  is  other  work  through  the  season  one  can 
find  to  do;  then  the  cost  of  fruit  packages,  picking 
and  packing  and  disposing  of  the  fruit,  so  the  ex¬ 
pense  is  considerable,  and  if  the  crop  is  light  one  is 
a  loser,  or  if  one  gets  a  good  crop  and  the  price  is 
very  low  there  may  be  nothing  made.  u.  T.  cox. 

Lawrence  Co.,  O. 


THE  WORKER  AT  THE  TUBS. 

The  laundry  pictures,  Figs.  455  and  456,  were  taken 
in  Florida.  At  the  small  Winter  resorts  most  Win¬ 
ter  visitors  have  their  washing  done  by  colored 
women,  some  of  whom  earn  considerable  money  dur¬ 
ing  the  season.  Their  methods  and  appliances  are 
often  primative,  but  they  get  the  dirt  out  of  the 
clothes  by  hard  scrubbing.  Fig.  456  shows  the  water 
system,  for  which  the  proprietor  is  prepared  to  be 
thankful.  The  water  is  dipped  out  of  the  lake  and 
heated  in  a  kettle  over  an  open  fire.  Fig.  455  shows 
the  laundress  and  her  family  in  front  of  their  house. 
In  the  original  picture  we  noticed  a  little  dash  of 
“color”  in  the  house  a  little  above  the  line  of  the 
woman’s  shoulder.  It  proved  to  be  a  man  lying 
comfortably  in  bed  while  his  wife  and  the  children 
were  earning  the  living.  The  engraving  does  not 
permit  a  view  of  this  lazy  fellow,  but  he  is  there — 
loafing — like  many  another  in  white  families  as  well 
as  black.  We  are  glad  that  through  the  North  and 
West  and  in  parts  of  the  South  fanners  are  handling 
the  water  problem  so  as  to  have  a  constant  supply  in 
the  house.  It  ought  to  reach  the  house  before  it  goes 
to  the  barn,  yet  on  some  farms  still  the  horses  and 
cattle  have  water  ready  at  all  times  while  the  women 
folks  must  walk  to  the  well  and  draw  it  up  bucket  by 
bucket.  This  fixing  of  a  good  water  supply  is  one  of 
the  reforms  which  ought  to  come  first. 


THE  MILLER  AS  MIDDLEMAN. 

I  sold  or  exchanged  41  bushels  and  15  pounds  of  wheat 
to  a  flour  milling  company  at  80  cents  per  bushel  and 
received  three  barrels  of  flour  at  $6  a  barrel,  $18;  900 
pounds  of  corn,  oats  and  barley  mixed  feed  at  $1.50  per 
hundred,  $13.50;  100  pounds  of  middlings  at  $1.50  per 
hundred,  $1.50  ;  total,  $33.  What  percentage  did  the  miller 
receive  for  grinding  my  wheat?  How  many  pounds  of 
wheat  does  it  take  to  make  a  barrel  of  flour?  n.  c.  m. 

Versailles,  Pa. 

Wheat  varies  in  flouring  capacity,  depending  on 
quality  of  grain,  quality  of  flour,  method  of  milling 
and  skill  of  the  miller.  The  range  in  commercial 
wheats  runs  from  65  to  80  per  cent;  70  per  cent 
would  be  a  fair  average  for  ordinary  grain  and  mill 
methods.  On  this  basis  the  41J4  bushels  of  wheat 
would  have  made  8.85  barrels  of  flour.  This  answers 
one  question.  It  is  not  possible  to  tell  what  pay 
the  miller  got  for  grinding  without  knowing  what 
the  corn,  oats,  barley,  etc.,  used  in  the  exchange 
cost  the  miller,  and  these  figures  are  not  given.  If 
the  oats,  barley  and  corn  cost  him  $1.45,  $1  and  $1.35 
per  hundred,  respectively,  the  900  pounds  exchanged 
would  cost  $11.40  for  the  raw  material,  and  the  ac¬ 
count  would  stand  thus : 

Miller  got — 

2,475  lbs.  wheat  =  8.85  bbls.  flour  @  $6 .  $53.10 

and  742.5  lbs.  bran  and  middlings  @  $1.50 .  11.14 

$G4.24 

Miller  gave  3  bbls.  flour  @  $6 .  $18.00 

900  lbs.  feed .  11.40 

100  lbs.  middlings .  1.50 

$30.90  30.90 

Miller’s  apparent  profit. .  $33.34 

This  is  figuring  without  proper  data,  however, 
because  we  do  not  know  when  the  “miller  got  the 
grain  used  in  making  the  exchange  or  what  he 
paid  for  it.  Nor  do  we  know  what  kind  of  mill 
he  has  or  how  skillful  he  is  in  turning  grain  into 
flour.  Wheat  milling  70  per  cent  flour  would  use 
about  4 2/3  bushels  to  a  barrel,  and  at  80  cents  ^  per 
bushel  this  would  make  .the  flour  cost  about  $3.75 
per  barrel.  There  are  no  doubt  some  millers  among 

our  readers.  Will  they  set  these  figures  right  if  they 

are  wrong? 


1911. 

TRANSPLANTING  OLD  TREES. 

General  Care  of  Nursery  Stock. 

My  sister  moved  a  horse  chestnut  tree  latter  part  of 
November,  1910,  to  her  new  house  she  had  built  one-fourth 
mile  away,  and  she  claims  the  tree  did  exceptionally  well 
and  seemed  to  improve  through  moving.  Said  tree  is 
now  about  eight  years  old,  and  she  would  like  to  plant  it 
now  in  a  permanent  position  to  stay.  Can  you  advise 
me  the  best  time  to  shift  it?  Originally  it  had  been 
grown  in  very  poor,  rocky  soil,  but  the  shift  has  been 
into  a  good,  rich  soil,  and  it  has  responded  to  the  change 
nicely.  h.  o. 

West  New  Brighton,  N.  Y. 

There  is  no  iron-clad  rule  to  follow  in  digging  up 
and  transplanting  trees.  Much  depends  on  local  con¬ 
ditions,  and  the  man  who  does  the  work  must  have 
common  sense  and  a  knowledge  of  one  or  two  funda¬ 
mental  laws  of  plant  life.  First  of  all  the  trees 
should  be  dormant,  and  therefore  late  Fall  or  early 
Spring  is  the  best  time  to  do  the  work. 

The  older  the  tree,  the  more  care  needs 
to  be  exercised  in  the  operation.  It  is 
a  shock  to  any  tree  to  transplant  it. 

All  the  little  fibrous  roots  that  make  a 
perfect  network  in  the  ground  are  prac¬ 
tically  lost,  and  the  tree  must  develop 
this  root  system  all  over  again  when  it 
gets  into  its  new  home.  Take  a  little 
seedling,  for  instance,  that  the  nursery¬ 
man  gets  from  France.  It  is  dug  up  in 
the  Fall,  shipped  to  America  in  the 
Winter  time,  and  in  order  to  get  these 
little  things  to  live,  the  branches  are 
all  trimmed  off  and  the  roots  cut  back 
severely  In  this  way,  a  skillful  nursery¬ 
man  seldom  loses  a  seedling  unless  it 
should  be  exposed  to  heat  or  frost  in 
transportation.  The  main  thing  is  to 
keep  the  roots  from  being  dried  out  or‘ 
frozen,  and  to  pack  the  ground  firmly 
around  them  when  transplanting.  Re¬ 
setting  a  one  or  two-year-old  fruit  or 
ornamental  tree  demands  more  care ;  yet 
even  at  this  stage,  a  tree  will  stand  a 
tremendous  amount  of  handling  out  of 
the  ground.  Perhaps  it  is  not  generally 
known  that  in  these  days  of  cold  storage 
plants,  over  three-fourths  of  the  fruit 
and  ornamental  trees  sold  in  America 
are  stripped  of  their  leaves  as  early  as 
September  and  October,  dug  up,  shipped 
often  long  distances,  and  packed  away 
in  some  cold  storage  until  Spring,  when 
they  are  billed  out  and  sent  to  the 
planter  by  the  retail  nurseryman.  This 
undoubtedly  is  a  trying  process  on  a 
tree,  but  still  they  live  if  properly  trans¬ 
planted. 

The  ideal  way  is  to  dig  them  up  late 
in  the  Fall  or  early  in  the  Spring  and 
transplant  them  as  soon  as  possible.  In 
a  very  severe  climate  where  the  locality 
is  windswept  and  bitter  cold,  by  all 
means  leave  the  tree  where  it  is  until 
early  Spring.  On  the  other  hand, 
should  local  conditions  be  somewhat 
favorable,  Fall  planting  is  desirable  be¬ 
cause  the  tree  usually  starts  in  the 
Spring  long  before  it  is  possible  to  get 
on  the  ground  to  remove  it  on  acount  of 
the  frosty  and  water-soaked  condition 
of  the  soil.  However  do  not  transplant 
a  tree  in  the  Fall  unless  it  is  done  care¬ 
fully  by  packing  the  dirt  firmly  around 
the  roots  and  mounding  it  up  around 
the  body  to  a  height  of  a  foot  or  so  in 
order  to  protect  the  tree  from  hard 
freezing  and  from  the  swaying  caused 
by  high  winds.  The  limbs  must  be  cut 
back  in  proportion  to  the  amount  of 
roots  lost  in  digging.  There  is  a  wide 
difference  of  opinion  among  experienced  planters  as  to 
just  how  severe  this  pruning  should  be.  but.  when 
everything  is  said,  it  all  depends  on  how  good  the 
roots  are  when  it  is  being  set  out.  When  it  is  desir¬ 
able  to  transplant  an  ornamental  tree  without  pruning 
it,  especially  an  old  one,  great  care  should  be  used 
in  getting  all  the  roots  possible  without  injury  and 
spreading  them  in  the  ground  just  as  they  were  when 
dug. 

A  large  tree  can  be  shifted  to  advantage  in  the 
Winter  time.  It  is  an  expensive  way  of  doing  it,  but 

in  fact  the  only  way  when  the  tree  is  advanced  in 

years.  Dig  out  around  it  when  the  frost  is  in  the 

ground  and  take  up  all  the  roots  with  the  dirt  frozen 

around  them — the  more  the  better.  Try  to  preserve 
as  much  of  the  root  system  with  the  ground  attached 
to  it  as  practicable.  Do  not  make  the  shift  during 
freezing  weather  unless  the  dirt  is  held  in  place  around 
the  roots.  The  earth  will  hold  together  when  frozen, 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

but  it  is  better  to  make  the  shift  on  a  day  that  is  not 
freezing  as  some  of  the  roots  will  probably  be  ex¬ 
posed.  The  place  should  be  ready  and  the  tree  trans¬ 
planted  at  once.  It  requires  some  skill  to  do  this  prop¬ 
erly  as  a  large  tree  with  the  ground  around  the  roots 
is  a  heavy  and  hard  thing  to  handle.  Volumes  have 
been  written  on  the  proper  time  to  transplant  our 
hardy  trees  and  shrubs,  but  they  all  revolve  around 
these  few  fundamental  principles.  Their  practical  ap¬ 
plication  in  any  locality  requires  only  good  judgment 
on  the  part  of  the  man  who  directs  the  work. 

M.  K. 

DIRECT  BUSINESS  WITH  FARMERS. 

Do  you  think  that  it  would  be  possible  for  a  person 
to  go  to  the  farmers  in  his  vicinity  and  to  offer  them 
for  butter  and  eggs  a  price  within  four  or  five  cents 
per  pound  or  dozen  of  the  price  paid  by  the  consumer, 


charging  the  consumer  a  couple  of  cents  more  per 
pound  for  good  butter  and  a  couple  of  cents  more 
per  dozen  for  absolutely  fresh  eggs,  and  in  this  way 
make  a  fair  living  for  the  agent?  Would  this  be  fair 
to  the  farmer?  The  farmer  would  certainly  be  get¬ 
ting  a  great  deal  more  than  35  cents  of  the  consumer’s 
dollar.  Of  course  I  realize  that  there  must  be  other 
people  who  are  doing  this,  and  by  other  people  I  do 
not  refer  to  the  average  commission  merchant.  As  a 
consumer  I  find  that  although  I  am  willing  to  pay 
well  for  good  butter  and  fresh  eggs,  it  is  almost  im¬ 
possible  to  get  them,  and  this  set  me  to  thinking  about 
this  idea.  Do  you  think  that  a  profit  of  four  or  five 
cents  per  pound  or  dozen  would  be  exorbitant? 

Chenanago  Co.,  N.  Y.  a.  l.  b. 

R-  N.-Y. — This  is  but  further  evidence  of  the  way 
plans  for  more  direct  dealing  with  farmers  are  spread¬ 
ing.  There  has  been  nothing  like  it  before.  This  plan 
of  letting  one  middleman  do  the  work  of  two  or 


1131 

three  is  being  carried  out  to  some  extent  in  New 
York,  both  in  a  small  individual  way,  and  by  general 
retailers.  But  the  saving  is  not  so  great  as  might 
be  expected,  as  the  express,  freight,  trucking,  and,  in 
some  cases,  storage  charges  must  still  be  met.  The 
trouble  with  New  York  is  the  shape  of  the  city  and 
the  difficulty  of  getting  goods  into  it.  The  city  is  on  a 
long  and  narrow  island,  with  but  little  real  farming 
land  near  by.  In  smaller  towns  the  plan  is  more 
feasible,  but  it  must  be  remembered  that  the  farmers 
who  supply  the  smaller  cities  get,  as  a  rule,  a  larger 
percentage  of  the  consumers’  price.  Large  quantities 
of  butter  and  eggs  are  sold  in  small  towns  and  cities 
on  a  narrower  profit  margin  than  the  inquirer  sug¬ 
gests.  Ihere  is  no  one  rule  that  would  apply  to  a 
large  number  of  places.  The  conditions  of  supply 
and  demand  must  be  canvassed  thoroughly,  and  all 
necessary  expenses  considered.  Then  the  possibili¬ 
ties  in  any  individual  case  can  be 
learned. 

AN  EXPERIENCE  WITH  RYE. 

I  would  like  F.  H.  B.  of  Chenango 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  to  tell  us  about  plowing 
under  his  rye.  Was  the  land  sloping  or 
what  direction  did  it  face?  What  kind 
of  land,  heavy  or  light,  dry  or  wet? 
How  much  fertilizer  did  he  use?  Was 
it  upland  or  in  the  valley?  This  rye 
was  sown  after  the  middle  of  October 
he  states.  I  am  desirous  of  informa¬ 
tion  along  this  line,  because  I  intend 
trying  the  rye  this  Fall.  c.  E.  H. 

Cuyler,  N.  Y. 

I  have  been  sowing  rye  for  several 
years,  and  usually  on  gravel  or  sand, 
after  a  crop  of  some  kind  has  been  har¬ 
vested  ;  for  instance,  silage  corn,  pota¬ 
toes  or  wheat.  This  year  I  harvested 
our  piece  of  rye  about  June  15,  green 
for  hay.  It  was  an  immense  growth,  2j/> 
or  three  tons  to  the  acre.  I  plowed  at 
once,  after  rye  was  harvested,  sowed  to 
buckwheat  and  harvested  a  fair  crop; 
afterward  sowed  rye  again,  and  now  it  is 
pretty  good  feed.  In  1910,  about  Octo¬ 
ber  20  or  30,  I  hired  a  neighbor  to  sow 
five  bushels,  maybe  5]/2,  of  rye  on  four 
acres  of  corn  stubble,  dragged  it  over 
once,  drag  lapped  over  one-half;  used 
no  fertilizer,  and  never  have  on  rye. 
Used  spring-tooth  drag  November  13, 
1910.  Mrs.  Brooks  and  myself  left  home 
for  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  were  gone  about 
five  weeks.  Rye  did  not  show  above 
ground.  On  our  return,  ground  frozen 
hard,  weather  cold.  Within  two  weeks, 
as  near  as  I  recall  it,  we  had  a  bit  of  a 
thaw  and  the  rye  showed  a  little,  looked 
a  bit  sickly,  and  so  it  did  in  the  Spring, 
up  to  the  last  of  April.  After  that  date 
it  was  a  great  pleasure  to  see  it  grow. 
The  last  week  of  May  it  was  so  rank  and 
tall  1  experimented;  measured  off  one 
acre,  put  horses  on  a  land  roller,  told 
man  to  go  around  the  acre,  then  hitch  to 
plow  and  told  man  to  go  around  the  acre 
same  way  rolled,  and  hardly  a  stalk  of 
rye  showed.  I  dragged  it  well,  planted 
the  acre  after  rowing,  or  marking,  both 
ways.  Immediately  plowed  another  acre 
the  same  way,  after  rolling;  the  seed 
was  sent  to  me  as  a  gift,  from  a  friend 
living  in  Allamuchy,  N.  J., ;  reason  for 
my  doing  this  thing  as  an  experiment. 
It  was  a  yellow  eight-rowed  corn,  very 
long  ears,  small  cob,  and  the  growth 
was  a  surprise  to  me  and  my  neighbors, 
and  had  the  frost  held  off  10  or  12 
days  I  would  have  harvested  a  fine  crop  of  ears  as 
well  as  stalks.  The  frost  caught  us  napping  Sep¬ 
tember  12-13.  I  put  it  in  silo.  I  have  plowed  and 
sowed  the  four  acres  again.  It  is  good  feed  now; 
the  other  half  of  the  four  acres  I  let  ripen,  thrashed 
66  bushels  of  rye,  sold  all  I  could  or  would  spare 
for  $1.25  a  bushel.  I  have  sown  10  acres  already, 
just  finished  a  four-acre  piece  but  not  all  harrowed 
in.  I  expect  to  plow  under  and  plant  to  corn  and 
potatoes  a  part  of  this  land,  cut  some  for  hay  if  hay 
crop  is  short,  save  some  for  seed.  My  land  is  in 
the  Chenango  Valley,  a  little  dry,  in  places  stony 
and  sandy  or  gravelly  loam,  but  fine  corn  and  wheat 
land  and  fine  hay  land  when  not  too  dry. 

f.  w.  BROOKS. 

R.  N.-Y. — We  have  had  much  the  same  experience 
with  rye.  It  is  of  course  too  late  to  sow  it  now,  but 
up  to  October  15  it  will  give  good  returns.  The  open 
Fall  has  been  very  favorable  for  farm  work  this  year. 


MOTIVE  POWER  OF  A  FLORIDA  LAUNDRY.  Fig.  458. 


WATER  SUPPLY  FOR  THE  LAUNDRY.  Fig.  459. 


3132 


THE  RURAL  NEW -YORKER 


November  2.". 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

(  Every  query  must  bo  accompanied  by  the 
name  and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure 
attention.  Before  asking  a  question,  please  see 
whether  it  is  not  answered  in  our  advertising 
columns.  Ask  only  a  few  questions  at  one  time. 
Pul  questions  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper.] 


Raising  Aster  Seed. 

J.  8.,  Warner,  N.  Y. — I  would  like  some 
instructions  about  raising  Asters  for  seed. 
Is  it  best  to  buy  imported  seed?  What 
is  the  usual  price  per  pound  for  such 
seed?  How  shall  I  prepare  my  seed  bed? 
What  kinds  of  fertilizers  shall  I  use?  About 
what  date  should  the  transplanting  be 
done?  How  far  apart  should  the  plants 
be?  What  varieties  would  be  best?  Can 
different  colors  be  adjacent  without  mix¬ 
ing?  IIow  is  the  seed  separated  from  the 
chaff?  Those  I  have  raised  this  year  are 
many  of  them  imperfect  blossoms,  some  not 
full  to  the  center,  others  one-sided  blooms. 
What  reason  can  you  suggest  for  this? 
Should  only  the  larger  and  perfect  blos¬ 
soms  be  gathered  for  seed? 

Ans. — For  this  purpose  seed  should 
be  sown  in  a  cold  frame.  Both  the 
seed  bed  and  the  field  in  which  the 
plants  are  to  be  grown  should  be  well 
manured  in  the  Fall.  In  the  Spring  the 
ground  should  be  plowed  and  the  sur¬ 
face  finely  pulverized.  Transplanting 
in  the  frame  is  useful,  but  not  abso¬ 
lutely  necessary.  Seed  should  be  sown 
?bout  the  middle  of  April.  In  five  or 
six  weeks,  when  the  ground  is  warm 
and  dry,  the  plants  should  be  set  in  the 
field,  in  rows  at  least  30  inches  apart 
and  12  or  14  inches  apart  in  the  row. 
If  more  plant  food  is  needed  wood 
ashes  or  a  standard  commercial  fertil¬ 
izer  will  be  better  than  manure.  It  is 
not  best  to  buy  imported  seed.  There 
is  no  “usual  price  per  pound”  for 
Aster  seed.  The  price  varies  with  the 
season.  In  an  average  year  seed  of 
some  good  varieties  can  be  had  for 
about  $25  a  pound.  That  of  varieties 
of  less  merit  sells  much  lower,  and  seed 
of  some  exceptionally  good  or  rare 
kinds  cost  $100  or  more  a  pound.  The 
seed  of  some  novelties  probably  could 
rot  be  had,  even  in  quarter-pound  lots, 
at  any  price.  A  pound  of  seed  should 
produce  plants  enough  for  at  least  five 
acres  of  land.  Tf  planted  in  adjacent 
rows  varieties  will  mix.  There  are 
1'terally  hundreds  of  varieties.  None 
of  them  is  absolutely  the  best.  Before 
engaging  in  growing  seed  for  market 
a  contract  for  the  product  should  be 
made  with  a  seedsman  and  he  should 
select  the  varieties  and  fix  the  propor¬ 
tions  of  each.  A  small  quantity  of 
seed  can  be  separated  by  rubbing  the 
dried  flower  heads  over  a  sieve  of  the 
proper  mesh.  Where  large  quantities 
are  grown  a  light  machine  is  used. 
Only  perfect  heads  should  be  saved  for 
seed.  Seed  growing  is  a  business  that 
needs  to  be  learned,  and  it  is  not  wise 
to  start  on  a  large  scale.  The  imper¬ 
fection  of  the  blossoms  grown  this  year 
may  have  been  caused  by  insects,  but  is 
more  probably  due  to  their  being  mixed 
with  daisies,  or  to  the  plants  having 
been  grown  from  inferior  seed. 

ELLIOT. 


The  Massachusetts  Corn  Show. 

The  two  corn  shows  held  in  New  England 
last  week  were  very  successful.  The 
Maine  growers  held  an  exhibition  at  Tort- 
land.  while  the  Massachusetts  corn  show 
at  Springfield  was  nearly  as  large  as  the 
show  last  year  which  covered  all  of  New 
England.  The  early  frost  cut  down  some 
of  the  most  promising  yields,  and  the  Dent 
varieties  made  rather  a  poor  showing,  as 
many  of  them  did  not  mature  fully.  Troh- 
ably  seven-eighths  of  the  exhibit  were  Flint 
varieties.  Those  have  been,  and  are  being, 
constantly  improved  by  careful  selection. 
TTntil  now  the  best  of  these  Flints  are,  with¬ 
out  question,  the  most  successful  varieties 
of  corn  known  in  this  country.  They  are 
specially  adapted  to  New  England  condi¬ 
tions.  which  are  particularly  a  short  grow¬ 
ing  season  with  early  frost,  soil  which  re¬ 
quires  good  quantities  of  commercial  fertil¬ 
izer,  and  a  cold  and  late  Spring.  When 
these  qualities  are  considered  properly, 
there  Is  no  question  but  that  some  of  these 
Flints  are  the  most  remarkable  varieties 
of  maize  now  grown.  Practically  all  of  the  i 
prize  crops  were  grown  with  commercial  j 
fertilizer  on  a  good  sod.  In  some  cases  I 
manure  was  used,  or  a  light  dressing  of 
tobacco  stems  or  other  refuse,  but  the  corn 
show  demonstrated  that  the  New  England 
crop  depends  upon  large  dressings  of  chem¬ 
icals  for  its  success.  The  largest  crops  are 
evidently  grown  in  the  river  valleys,  rather 
than  on’ the  hills,  although  the  latter  situa¬ 
tion  gave  some  fine  crops.  Some  most  re¬ 
markable  yields  are  reported,  more  than 
100  bushels  per  acre  of  dry  corn  reduced 
to  a  12  per  cent  water  basis.  In  one  case 
a  yield  is  claimed  of  160  bushels  of  har¬ 
vest  measure.  This  means  112-08/100  bush¬ 
els  of  crili  dry  corn,  that  is,  corn  contain¬ 
ing  only  twelve  per  cent  of  moisture. 

Another  yield  is  reported  as  follows:  07.9 
bushels  of  shelled  corn  containing  12  per 
cent  moisture,  valued  at  $73.42;  1.111.80 
pounds  of  cob,  containing  12  per  cent  of 
moisture,  valued  at  $3.89 :  7,733.9  pounds 
of  stover  containing  40  per  cent  of  moisture. 


valued  at  $30.03.  Total  value  per  acre 
was  $108.25.  Total  cost  of  growing  the 
acre,  including  fertilizers,  labor  of  caring 
for  crop,  cost  of  husking,  harvesting,  etc., 
$42.50  ;  net  profit,  $65.75. 

A  feature  of  this  contest  was  the  prizes 
offered  by  various  fertilizer  companies  for 
the  best  yield.  We  shall  take  this  up  as 
a  separate  article  and  analyze  the  returns, 
after  obtaining  additional  facts  from  corn 
growers.  These  fertilizer  contests  have,  no 
doubt,  drawn  out  some  excellent  yields,  and 
encouraged  farmers  to  do  their  best.  The 
results,  however,  are  very  confusing  as  It 
is  quite  difficult  for  the  average  reader  to 
separate  one  such  contest  from  another,  and 
learn  anything  in  particular  about  the 
best  combination  of  chemicals  for  the  corn 
crop. 


Coming  Farmers’  Meetings. 

National  Apple  Show,  Spokane,  Wash., 
November  27-30. 

Winter  Short  Courses,  Cornell  University, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  November  28- February  23. 

__  Federation  of  Agricultural  Associations, 
Keyser,  W.  Va.,  November  27-December  1. 

N.  Y.  State  Fruit  Growers’  Ass’n,  Ro¬ 
chester,  N.  Y.,  December  3-5. 

National  Irrigation  Congress — Chicago, 
December  5-9. 

Inventors’  Exposition,  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 

December  5-9. 

N.  Y.  State  Dairymen’s  Ass’n,  Olean, 
December  12-13. 

New  Jersey  Horticultural  Society,  Free¬ 
hold,  December  12-13. 

Illinois  Agricultural  Society,  Urbana,  Ill., 
December  12-14. 

Maine  Dive  Stock  Breeders’  Association, 
Orono,  December  14-15. 

Eastern  Fruit  Growers’  Ass’n,  Raleigh 
Hotel,  Washington.  1).  C„  December  12. 

National  Mid- Winter  Sheep  Show — 
Omaha,  Neb.,  December  13-16. 

Farmers’  Week.  Kingston,  R.  I.,  Decem¬ 
ber  25-30. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Burlington,  Vt., 
December  26-Februar.v  24. 

State  Farmers’  Institute,  Manhattan,  Kan¬ 
sas.  December  26-30. 

Farmers’  Week.  New  Brunswick,  N.  J., 
December  25-.Tanuary  1. 

Farmers’  Week,  State  College,  Ta.,  De¬ 
cember  27-.Tnnunry  3. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Ames,  Iowa,  Jan¬ 
uary  2-13. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Columbus,  O.,  Jan¬ 
uary  2-*Februar.v  23. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Durham,  N.  H., 
January  4-March  8. 

Farmers’  Week,  Purdue  Tnlverslty,  La¬ 
fayette.  Indiana,  January  8-13. 

Farmers’  Week,  College  Park,  Md.,  Janu¬ 
ary  8-15. 

Corn  Growers’  and  Stockmen’s  Conven¬ 
tion,  Urbana,  111.,  January  15-27. 

Live  Stock  Week,  East  Lansing,  Mich.. 
January  16-18. 

Connecticut  Dairymen’s  Ass’n,  Unity  Halt. 
Hartford.  January  17-18. 

Conventions,  Pennsylvania  Live  Stock  and 
Horticultural  Associations.  Duquesne  Gar¬ 
den.  Pittsburgh,  January  15-20. 

Livingston  County.  N.  Y.,  Poultry  Show, 
January  16-19. 

N.  .T.  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  Janu¬ 
ary  17-10, 

Farmers’  Week.  Canton.  N.  Y„  School  of 
Agriculture.  January  22-27. 

Ohio  Apple  Show.  Marietta,  O.,  January, 
23-20. 

Minnesota  Short  Course,  Minneapolis, 
Minn..  January  23-February  17. 

Farmers’  Week.  Durham,  N.  II.,  January 
29-February  3. 

N.  Y.  State  Grange,  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  Feb¬ 
ruary  6-9. 

Farmers’  Special  Course,  Morgantown,  W. 
Va..  February  1-16. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Madison,  Wis., 
January  30-February  0. 

Poultry  Week.  East  Lansing,  Mich.,  Feb¬ 
ruary  12-17. 

Farmers’  Week.  State  School,  Lyndon  Ctr., 
It..  February  12-17. 

Farmers’  Week.  Cornell  University, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  February  19-24. 

Farmers’  Week,  Burlington,  Vt.,  February 
19-24. 

Poultry  Convention,  Amherst,  Mass., 
March  5-8. 

Farmers’  Week.  Amherst,  Mass.,  March 
1 1  -15. 


r-Fruit  Trees-'* 

That  Thrive  and  Bear 

Thrifty,  vigorous  trees;  trees  with  lots  of  good 
roots  and  linn,  mature  wood — these  are  the  kind  of 
trees  that  we  grow.  They  begin  bearing  early  and 
they  continue  to  bear  abundantly  for  years. 

At  our  nurseries  the  soil  and  climate  arc  just 
right  to  produce  trees  that  ore  hardy  and  reliable. 
Our  success  and  experience  of  25  years  is  your 
guarantee  that  everything  in  our  stock  lias  been 
carefully  selected  and  thoroughly  tested.  All  kinds 
of  fruit  trees — apple,  peach,  pear,  cherry,  etc. 

Write  lor  our  latest  Catalog.  It’s  free! 

Barnes  Bros.  Nursery  Co. 
^Box  8,  YALESVJLLE,  CONN.  ^ 


“How  to  Growand  Market  Fruit” 

Tells  the  Whole  Story  in  One  Volume ;  oives  Lifetime  Exper- 
ence  of  Practical  Growers.  2, COO  Acres  in  Nursery  Stock. 
Large  Stock  of  Peach  and  Apple  Trees, 

Write  for  catalog  and  how  fo  get  the  book  free. 

HARRISON  NURSERIES ,  Berlin ,  Mtl. 


50,000  WILDER  AND  FAYS 

One  and  two  year  old,  $14  to  $18j)erM.  5000  lots, 
less.  J*  F.  WYGANT,  Marlboro,  New  York. 


LOOMIS  CORN  HUSKER 

tjPi 

Run  by  3  II.  P 

Husk  25  bushels 
an  hour. 

Price  on  application 

L.  R.  LOOMIS, 
Claverack,  N.  V. 

zTf‘  Wray  Dairr  Bamt  Fran i /in ,  Mass, 

,  Put  a  Good  Roof  on  a  Good  Barn  - 

This  is  a  model  dairy — fancy  stock,  scientific  stable  ar¬ 
rangement — everything  just  right.  And  the  roof  selected  for 


PAROID  ROOFING 

The  Real  Rival  of  Best  Shingles 


The  matter  of  price  had  nothing  to  do  with  its  selection.  NEpdnset  Paroid  was 
chosen  because  it  lasts  longer  than  shingles  and  adds  protection — therefore  makes  a 
better  and  safer  roof.  Yet  Neponset  Paroid  actually  costs  less  than  shingles  both  to 
buy  and  to  lay.  You  will  agree  with  leading  farmers  everywhere  when  you  really 
know  NEponseT  Paroid.  It  is  the  permanent-wear,  economical  roof  for  barns,  stables 
— all  farm  buildings. 

Write  for  all  the  facts  in  the  NEPDNSET  book  and  for  name  of  NEPDNSET  dealer. 
NEPdnseT  Proslate  Roofing  for  houses — looks  like  stained  shingles, 

F.  W.  BIRD  &  SON,  137  Neponset  St.,  East  Walpole,  Mass.,  U.  S.  A. 

Established  179S 

Now  York  Washington  Chicago  Portland  Ore.  Ban  Francisco 

Canadian  Mills  and  Offices ,  Hamilton.  Ont. 


'S***m4 


— >  •  t  -i  .-Qirjfr." > « f  vs 


C 

GALVANIZED  ROOFINl 

n 

I  Corrugated  $096  per  square. 

1  or  V  crimp  Del.  your  station 

Send  postal  for  new  catalogue  13 

L 

L 

3RIFFIN  LIMBER  CO.,  HUDSN°\FAUS  J 

■  10,000  High 
Lifts  Saned 


Electric 


Easy  work  for  you,  light  draft  for  horses.  The 
one  unbreakable,  low-down  handy  wagon.  Steel 
wheels,  all  heights  and  tire  widths.  Save  rutting. 
Send  for  free  hook  on  labor  saving  farm  hauling. 

*  ELECTRIC  WHEEL  CO„  Box  48,  Quincy,  III. 


j— 99  %,  %  Pure— j  j 

American  Ingot  Iron  Roofing 

Guaranteed  For  30  Years 

Without  Painting 

The  Only  Guaranteed  Metal  Roofing  ever  put  on  the 
market.  Samples  Iree.  Write  for  a  free  book  showing 
remarkable  tests.  A  way  out  of  your  roof  troubles. 

THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  C0.f  Dept.  0,  ELYRIA,  OHIO 

1—  ■  ■  — — — —— mm  -W 


Pav  Rip  1  Strong  I*  LA  N  T  S 
uoubeperries  ray  Dig  .  rea<iy  for  S}lipm()nt 

J.  GEORGE  DAGES.  Blue  Anchor,  N.  J. 


FRUIT  TREES 

We  are  ready  to  take  orders  for 
FALL  DELIVERY'  for 

BLACK’S  QUALITY  TREES 

Send  for  Booklet 

JOS.  H.  BLACK,  SON  &  CO.,  H1GHTSTOWN.  f  J. 


Peach  and  Apple  Trees 

For  fall  or  spring  planting.  Prices  right;  stock 
right.  MYEK  &  SON,  Jiridgeville,  Delaware 


Wins 

Every 

Race! 


‘The 

’fifth!, 

steers” 

Of  course  every  boy  and  girl  wants  a  steering  sled,  but  they  want  more 
that — they  want  a  Flexible  Flyer.  It  has  more  steering  surface  than 

other  tleds.  This  gives  perfect  control.  Can  be  steered  at  full  speed  in  any  desired 
direction,  around  all  obstacles  and  past  all  other  sleds.  Also  has  grooved 
runners  instead  of  flat  or  rounded  runners.  This  prevents  '“skidding”  and  adds 
to  the  speed.  Light  and  graceful.  Easy  to  pull  up  bill,  yet  so  strong  it 
outlasts  three  ordinary  sleds. 

Just  the  sled  for  boy  or  girl.  Saves  shoes,  prevents  wet  feet,  colds,  and  saves  doctor’s  bills. 
Saves  many  times  its  cost  each  season.  Insist  on  a  FlcxibleFlycr.  Get  the  advantage  of  its  ex¬ 
features.  It  isn’t  a  Flexible  Flyer  unless  it  bears  this  trade-mark, 
working  model.  Also  beautiful  booklet  illustrated  in  colors 
showing  coasting  scenes,  etc.  Both  free,  just  write  a 
name  and  address,  and  say  "send  model  and  Booklet.” 

S.  L.  ALLEN  &  CO.,  Boxll02E,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  trad l-makk 


APPLE  SEEDLINGS 

ALL  J  Both  American  and  French  Grown  )  ORDER 
GRADES  [  Straight  or  Branched  Roots  }  NOW 


APPLE  GRAFTS 

Piece  or  Whole  Roots 
Long  List  of  Varieties.  Ask  for  Prices 

ALSO  A  GENERAL  LINE  OF  NURSERY  STOCK 


ADDRESS 


Shenandoah  Nurseries 

D.  S,  LAKE ,  Prop, 

SHENANDOAH  .  .  .  PAGE  COUNTY,  IOWA 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


1133 


Barren  Mulberry. 

A.  J.  K.,  Schoharie,  N.  Y. — I  have  a  mul¬ 
berry  tree  that  has  been  planted  14  years. 
Until  this  year  it  has  never  borne.  This 
year  it  bore  a  few  small,  white  berries.  Is 
there  anything  that  could  be  done  to  make 
the  tree  bear,  or  would  you  advise  giving 
the  tree  a  massage  with  the  sharp  side  of 
ax? 

Ans. — It  seems  almost  certain  that 
the  mulberry  tree  complained  of  is  one 
of  the  old  Morus  multicaulis  kind  that 
was  planted  extensively  many  years 
ago  for  feeding  the  leaves  to  silkworms, 
or  it  may  be  some  white-fruited  variety 
of  the  Russian  type.  In  either  case  the 
tree  is  evidently  of  no  value  for  fruit, 
but  may  be  good  as  a  shade  tree.  If  it 
is  hardy  and  vigorous  it  can  be  grafted 
or  budded  to  some  good  fruited  va¬ 
riety.  Of  these  the  one  called  New 
American  is  the  one  I  would  try  in 
New  York.  If  the  tree  is  not  much 
needed  it  might  be  better  to  dig  it  out 
and  plant  a  new  one.  Some  mulberry 
trees  are  imperfect  in  their  flowers  and 
never,  or  at  least  rarely,  bear  fruit. 
Some  of  the  nurseries  have  good  trees 
of  the  choice  varieties  for  sale.  None 
but  those  that  are  quite  hardy  should 
be  planted  in  New  York. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 

Daffodils  in  Greenhouses. 

B.  C.  M.,  Valla,  O. — I  have  a  ground 
bench  in  a  greenhouse  seven  feet  by  60 
feet,  and  wish  to  plant  same  in  daffodils 
this  Fall  without  any  heat  at  all.  About 
how  much  earlier  would  they  bloom  than 
the  outside  beds?  IIow  far  apart  will  they 
have  to  be  planted?  Will  take  up  each 
year  to  use  the  house  for  Asters  in  Sum¬ 
mer  and  plant  again  tne  following  Fall. 
What  two  varieties  are  best  to  plant  for 
florists’  use? 

Ans. — If  I  were  intending  to  grow 
daffodils  in  a  greenhouse  without  heat, 
I  would  plant  them  early  in  September, 
if  possible,  and  about  four  inches  apart 
each  way.  We  have  no  greenhouse,  but 
we  have  grown  them  successfully  in  a 
shallow  flat  in  the  window  in  two  inches 
of  soil,  with  the  bulbs  less  han  three 
inches  apart.  By  planting  early  to  en¬ 
courage  a  strong  root  growth  and  heavy 
mulching  to  keep  the  frost  from  pene¬ 
trating  very  far,  I  think  a  month  might 
be  gained.  We  consider  the  Emperor 
the  best  of  all,  but  the  Empress  and 
Horsfieldi  are  very  fine.  m.  crawford. 


Oats  in  Strawberries. — Mr.  Hart¬ 
man’s  article  on  page  978  reminds  me 
of  my  delayed  intention  to  give  you 
my  experience  with  oats  for  mulch  in 
strawberries.  My  results  from  the  ex¬ 
perience  were  very  different  from  Mr. 
Hartman’s.  Five  years  ago  I  had  a 
fine,  absolutely  clean  little  plantation  of 
2,500  Marshalls  in  hills.  The  rows  were 
three  feet  apart,  and  the  plants  14  inches 
apart,  were  an  unbroken  line  of  green. 
On  September  5  I  gave  the  last  cultiva¬ 
tion  and  sowed  oats  heavily  over  the 
patch.  The  oats  grew  nicely  until  at 
freezing  time  they  were  12  to  15  inches 
high.  When  Spring  came,  I  found  that 
the  oats  were  frizzled  away  to  almost 
nothing,  and  the  bed  was  almost  a  solid 
mass  of  rooted  runners,  thus  defeating 
my  object  of  a  hill  plantation.  Had  I 
sowed  the  oats  in  August,  as  Mr.  Hart¬ 
man  did,  instead  of  September,  the  case 
would  have  been  still  worse.  While  I 
would  not  question  Mr.  Hartman’s 
statement,  I  feel  justified  in  giving  my 
experience,  which  is  contrary  to  his. 
It  is  possible  that  if  the  oats  were  sown 
as  early  as  August  (although  I  believe 
that  strawberries  should  be  cultivated 
much  later  than  August),  they  might 
prove  beneficial  as  a  mulch  with  matted 
rows.  LOUIS  GRATON. 

Massachusetts. 


“There  goes  Spriggins.  They  say  that 
man  has  been  given  up  by  half  a 
dozen  doctors.”  “What’s  the  trouble 
with  him?”  “He  won’t  pay  his  bills.” 
— Boston  Transcript. 

Diner:  “See,  waiter,  here’s  a  piece 
of  ribbon  in  my  pumpkin  pie.”  Waiter 
(with  great  presence  of  mind)  :  “Ah, 
sir,  you  are  a  lucky  man !  That  was 
the  prize  pumpkin  which  took  the  blue 
ribbon  at  the  fair,  and  they  cooked  it 
with  the  ribbon  on.” — Judge. 


Baling  Hay  in  the  Field. 

Some  time  back  information  was  given 
in  The  R.  N.-Y.  regarding  baling  hay  right 
from  the  swath  in  the  Held,  and  the  curing 
of  same.  At  that  u.ne  some  parties  seemed 
to  have  trouble  from  its  sweating  out  in 
the  bale,  and  it  became  musty.  Can  you 
give  me  further  information  from  farmers 
who  have  been  successful  in  curing  it  in 
this  way?  s.  p.  c. 

Whitman,  Mass. 

The  article  referred  to  was  written  by  a 
Kentucky  farmer.  1 1  is  plan  was  to  let  the 
grass  stand  until  quite  ripe,  then  cut  in 
dry  weather  and  work  thoroughly  with  the 
tedder.  The  hay  was  baled  direct  from  the 
swath,  and  was  sold  at  once.  This  hay 
gave  good  satisfaction.  It  was  nearly  pure 
Timothy,  and  was  not  held  in  storage  long. 
We  have  had  no  later  report.  In  the 
humid  climate  of  the  Atlantic  coast  we 
should  doubt  the  wisdom  of  any  such  plan. 


Cement  for  a  Granary  Floor. 

I  would  like  your  experience  with  cement 
as  a  granary  floor,  the  grain  coming  in 
direct  contact.  I  am  figuring  on  building 
in  the  Spring,  and  wish  to  know  if  grain 
will  keep  on  a  cement  floor  about  14  inches 
above  ground.  s.  R.  s. 

Burket,  Ind. 

I  have  had  no  experience  with  a  cement 
granary  floor,  but  I  know  the  nature  of 
cement  well  enough  to  say  positively  that  a 
cement  floor  14  inches  from  the  ground 
would  be  all  right,  and  would  absorb  the 
dampness  from  grain,  as  cement  is  always 
thirsty  unless  in  contact  with  damp  earth 
or  water.  With  a  circulation  of  air  be¬ 
tween  the  floor  and  the  earth  it  will  al¬ 
ways  be  dry  unless  during  a  sudden  thaw 
in  Winter  following  a  severe  cold  spell,  but 
I  do  not  think  it  would  become  damp 
enough  during  one  of  those  spells  to  do  any 
damage  if  the  grain  had  been  reasonably 
dry  before  the  cold  weather  came  on?  I 
would  not  trowel  the  surface  down  to  a 
shiny  hard  appearance;  just  draw  a  straight 
edged  board  over  the  work  while  fresh, 
leaving  the  surface  as  porous  as  possible. 

w.  M.  B. 

Fruit  Varieties. 

On  page  979  C.  A.  II.  enquires  for  a  good 
late  yellow  peach.  I  would  say,  from  my 
experience,  I  would  always  prefer  Salway 
for  a  late  yellow,  but  for  a  peach  that 
ripens  a  little  earlier  would  say  try 
Piquett’s  Late  Yellow.  This  is  a  very  fine 
peach,  very  similar  to  Snlway  in  appear¬ 
ance;  if  anything  larger  in  size,  and  deans 
up  just  a  few  days  before  Salway  begins. 
As  for  hardiness  of  bud  they  cannot  be 
beaten.  In  1907  we  had  a  wet  snow  when 
the  peach  bloom  was  just  opening,  and  the 
blooms  were  solid  with  ice.  All  other 
peaches  were  frozen,  but  mv  Piquett’s  had  a 
full  crop,  so  full  they  had  to  be  thinned, 
and  brought  on  an  average  $2.35  per  4-8 
Delaware  basket  on  Baltimore  market.  They 
have  also  borne  a  full  crop  every  year 
since.  Its  only  weak  point  is  that  one  dare 
not  let  it  get  really  ripe  on  the  tree  before 
shipping.  Always  pick  a  day  earlier  and 
they  cannnot  be  beaten.  For  a  peach  ripen¬ 
ing  just  after  Elberta.  I  have  Frances  in 
bearing;  With  me.  the  same  day  I  finish 
Elberta  I  begin  Frances.  It  is  a  verv  nice 
peach,  but  ns  it  is  of  the  Crawford  type  it 
Is  weak  in  the  bud.  and  I  would  not  plant 
many  of  them  on  that  account,  but  just  to 
have  a  succession  to  come  in  after  imme¬ 
diately  I  know  of  none  better.  I  have 
Chairs,  but  the  Frances  bents  it.  d.  v.  p. 

Smithsburg.  Md. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  X.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


A  “Teaser” 

For  Jaded 
Appetites: — 

Post 

T  oasties 

with  cream  or 
preserved  fruit. 

Ready  to  serve  instantly 
— just  open  the  box  and 
enjoy  an  extra  good  dish — 


Convenient,  crisp, 

delicious,  wholesome. 


“The  Memory  Lingers” 

Sold  by  Grocers 


Made  at  the 

POSTUM  CEREAL  CO.,  LTD. 

Pure  Food  Factories 
Battle  Creek,  -  Mich. 

- - - J 


'Thirty-six”  Touring  Car 
5-passenger, — $1800 

Long  stroke  motor,  Chalmers  self-starter, 
four  forward  speeds,  Bosch  dual  igni¬ 
tion,  Solar  gas  tamps  and  Prest-O-Lile 
tank,  ventilated  fore-doors,  36x4-inch 
tires.  Continental  demountable  rims. 


This  New,  Big,  Self-starting  Chalmers 
“Thirty-six”— $1800 


THINK  of  a  new  high- 
powered  Chalmers  car 
with  a  Self-starter  as 
regular  equipment — for 
$1800!  No  more  cranking, 

no  more  bother.  Just  push  a  but¬ 
ton  on  the  dash  with  your  foot,  and 
away  goes  your  motor. 

That  isn’t  all.  This  car  has  a 
long  stroke  motor  (4J(B  x  de¬ 

veloping  36  to  40  h.  p.);  four  for¬ 
ward  speed  transmission;  Bosch 
dual  ignition;  36"  x  4"  tires;  Conti¬ 
nental  Demountable  rims;  Mer¬ 
cedes  type  honeycomb  radiator; 
dash  adjustment  for  carburetor. 

Furthermore,  this  car  has  bigness, 
strength,  proved  durability,  beauty, 
fine  finish,  comfort. 

And  the  price,  including  all  these 
unusual  features  of  value  is  $1800. 


learning  the  price,  have  felt  much 
the  same  way. 

But  they  are  wrong.  There  really 
is  such  a  car  as  the  “Thirty-six,”  with 
the  features  named  above — for  $1800. 

You  can  see  this  car  now  at  our 
dealer’s  store  near  you.  It  will 
look  better  to  you  there  than  in  this 
advertisement.  See  it.  Ride  in  it. 


Aman  atthe  circus  for  the  first  time, 
viewed  in  amazement  the  giraffe. 
After  looking  the  animal  over 
for  some  time  and  inquiring  if 
it  had  a  name  he  turned  away 
saying,  “There  ain’t  no 
such  animal.” 

Many  motorists,  hearing 
of  the  Chalmers  “Thirty- 
six”  for  the  first  time,  then 


this  monogram  on  the 
radiator  stands  for  all 
jvu  can  asA  in  a  motor  car 


No  car  can  be  more  serviceable 
to  the  farmer  than  the  new  Chal¬ 
mers  “Thirty-six.”  It  is  a  car  that 
will  compare,  point  by  point,  with 
the  most  expensive  car  made,  and 
yet  is  sold  at  such  a  price  that  it 
will  pay  its  way  in  the  every  day 
work  on  any  good  sized  farm. 

The  famous  Chalmers  “30”  and 
Chalmers  “Forty”  also  offer  unusual 
values.  The  “30”  sells  at  $1500  and 
the  “Forty”  at  $2750.  Both  fully 
equipped  at  these  prices. 

The  Chalmers  Company  realizes 
that  there  is  no  better  field  for 
the  sale  of  cars  of  the 
Chalmers  class,  than  right 
on  the  farm. 

We  want  your  patronage 
Let  us  get  acquainted.  A 
postal  will  bring  you  our 
catalog  and  an  introduction 
to  our  dealer  nearest  you. 


Qialmers  Motor  Company.  Detroit,  Mich, 


J.  II.  Hale,  the  Peach  King,”  writes;  “The  Double  Action  ‘Cutaway’  is 
a  splendid  tool.  I  use  it  in  polishing  of!  my  peach  orchards  several  times  a 
year.  A  good  pair  of  horses  handle  it  all  right.” 

.  The  genuine  “Cutaway”  tools  are  used  and  endorsed  by  successful  orchard- 
lsis  from  coast  to  coast  ami  bay  to  gulf. 

In  orchard  work  tho  driver  can  cultivate  under  the  trees  and  bolow  the  low 
limbs,  the  horses  not  interfering  with  the  branches.  Tho  double  levers  give 
the  driver  lull  control  of  tool  at  all  times.  For  rogular  farm  work  the  gangs 
can  be  drawn  together.  K 

DOUBLE  ACTION 
ORCHARD  HARROW 

Every  orchardist  and  fruit  grower  should  have  one  or  more  of  these  labor  savers 
and  fruit  makers.  They  will  positively  pay  for  themselves  in  one  season.  To  investi- 
gate  is  to  be  convinced. 


UTAWAY 


any  other  machine.  Lasts  a  lifetime. 

Send  today  for  new  catalog,  "Intensive  Cultivation.”  Of  course,  it’s  free. 

CUTAWAY  HARROW  COMPANY 

839  MAIM  STREET  _  HICCANUM,  CONNECTICUT 


For  all  crops 
and  all  time 

BOWKER’S  FERTILIZERS 

are  the  best.  They  enrich  the  earth  and  those  who 
till  it.  It  pays  the  farmer  to  buy  and  it  pays  the 
ag'ent  to  sell  Bowker’s  ;  the  former  because  they  give 
big  field  results,  and  the  latter  because  their  national 
reputation  and  popular  favor  make  them  easy  to  sell. 
Increase  the  production  and  profits  of  your  farm. 

Let  us  help  you  with  our  forty  years  of  experience, 
prompt  service,  the  best  materials,  the  best  facilities,  and  a 
brand  to  fit  every  crop  and  every  pocket-book. 

We  want  agents  wherever  we  are  not  now  represented. 
Write  today  for  prices  and  terms ;  this  may  mean  a  good 
business  for  you  if  you  act  at  once. 

Write  anyhow  for  our  illustrated  catalogue.  We  want 
you  to  know  Bowker’s  before  you  place  your  next  order  for 
fertilizer. 

FERTILIZER  COMPANY, 
JL>V7?T  IV  Hi  IV  77  Lyman  St.,  Buffalo,  N.Y. 

Original  and  largest  manufacturers  of  special  fertilizers. 


1134 


X II 15  RURAL  NliW-YORKER 


NEWS  FROM  ALBANY. 

Election  Turnover. — None  ever  takes  a 
strong  dose  of  medicine  without  experienc¬ 
ing  a  reaction.  So  when  ttie  State  of  New 
York  in  1910,  after  sixteen  years  of  Re¬ 
publican  governors  and  legislatures,  decided 
lo  turn  the  management  of  its  affairs  over 
to  the  Democratic  party,  there  was  bound 
to  be  a  reaction.  It  came  November  7 
and  took  the  shape  of  the  choosing  of  a 
Republican  Assembly  to  replace  the  present 
iTcmocratlc  body.  The  change  is  one  to  be 
devoutly  thankful  for.  not  because  the  Re¬ 
publicans  triumphed  over  the  Democrats — 
for  there  is  mighty  little  to  choose  between 
the  two— but  because  the  next  legislature 
will  consist  of  a  Senate  of  the  one  party 
which  will  be  confronted  in  the  lower 
house  by  a  majority  opposed  to  it  politic, 
ally,  and  thus  one  will  check  or  balance  the 
other.  Nothing  better  for  the  peoples’  in¬ 
terest  could  be  devised.  Extreme  partisan 
measures  will  have  but  very  little  chance 
of  getting  upon  the  statute  books.  No 
one  section-  can  hope  to  obtain  advantages 
above  another ;  unfair  election  laws  passed 
to  embarrass  countrymen  in  reprisal  for 
laws  heretofore  passed  to  make  difficult 
voting  in  cities,  will  have  no  place  at  the 
coming  session,  solely  for  the  reason  of  in. 
ability  to  pass  such. 

Farmers*  Demands. — It  is  to  be  ex¬ 
pected  that  the  legislative  session  of  1912 
will  be  a  short  one.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that 
the  relief  asked  by  the  agriculturists  of 
the  State  will  be  afforded  and  that  the 
protection  they  are  entitled  to  ns  against  the 
frauds  and  cheats  in  the  commission  busi¬ 
ness  will  not  longer  be  denied.  There  is 
good  gound  for  both  the  hope  and  expec¬ 
tation,  in  that  next  year  is  a  presidential 
year  and  the  party  failing  to  grant  what 
is  demanded  will  experience  the  displeasure 
of  the  voters  at  the  polls. 

Socialists  Gain. — It  is  too  early  to  take 
stoek  of  conditions — this  cannot  bo  done 
until  after  the  official  returns  are  canvassed, 
which  will  not  be  until  a  month  hence; 
then  the  figures  may  be  analyzed  and  some 
opinion  arrived  at  which  may  be  of  value. 
However,  there  is  one  fact  which  gives 
pause  to  the  politicians  and  causes  them  to 
wonder  if  a  new  force  in  their  chosen  field 
must  not  soon  be  coped  with  ;  the  election 
of  a  Socialist  member  to  the  Assembly  from 
Schenectady.  Also,  at  the  same  time,  a 
Socialist  mayor  and  other  municipal  and 
county  officers  were  chosen  in  the  city  and 
county  of  Schenectady.  It  may  be  consid¬ 
ered  merely  a  sporadic  case,  but  infection 
may  follow- -perhaps  not  immediately,  but 
with  an  efficient  government  in  that  city 
honestly  administered.  Schenectady  may  be 
the  example  which  will  show  other  munici¬ 
palities  how  to  get  rid  of  bosses  of  both  the 
old  parties  who  have  been  fattening  and 
growing  rich  from  city  contracts  and  the 
exploitation  of  the  city's  revenues  to  their 
own  advantage.  The  Socialist  vote  through 
the  State,  so  far  as  heard  from,  has  enor¬ 
mously  increased. 

Farmers  Get  Ready. — Associations  in 
various  parts  of  the  State  are  already  being 
formed  to  urge  that  laws  permissive  of  a 
commission  form  of  government  in  cities 
be  passed  at  the  coming  session.  Why 
should  not  the  farmers  of  the  State  at 
once  begin  their  campaign  for  those  meas¬ 
ures  which  they  wish  to  become  laws? 
Is  there  any  doubt  but  that  the  liquor 
interests,  the  railroad  corporations,  and 
other  interests,  have  not  already  begun  the 
wire-pulling  necessary  to  secure  places  upon 
committees  for  their  tried  and  true  friends? 
It  is  certain  that  many  interests  even 
participated  in  the  selection  of  tin-  candi¬ 
dates  for  the  Assembly— not  waiting  or 
taking  any  chances  for  the  selection  of  the 
light  man  favorable  to  them. 

Some  New  Bosses. — The  result  of  the 
last  Assembly  election  was  not  a  day  old 
before  politicians  in  every  part  of  the  State 
“got  busy.”  Members-elect  were  at  once 
communicated  with,  asking  them  either  to 
pledge  themselves,  or  to  make  no  prom¬ 
ises,  for  the  speakership.  Reports  came 
quickly  that  an  ex-president  would  have  a 
hand  in  the  organization  of  the  Assembly ; 
that  Merritt  of  St.  Lawrence,  was  to  be 
the  speaker;  that  Parker  of  Washington 
county,  was  to  be  rewarded  for  standing  by 
the  Colonel  at  the  Saratoga  convention  in 
1910  ;  that  President  Taft  would  intervene; 
that  Parsons,  the  boss  of  New  York  and 
Greiner,  the  boss  of  Buffalo,  and  Aldridge, 
the  boss  of  Rochester,  and  Barnes,  the  boss 
of  Albany,  and  this  boss  and  that  boss,  big 

and  little,  were  all  entering  into  combina¬ 

tions  to  organize  the  Assembly.  All  bosses 
are  more  or  less  tied  up  with  corporations 
— usually  more — so  the  matter  resolves  it¬ 
self  finally  down  to  this  :  What  big  business 
interests  will  organize  the  Assembly?  Last 
session  Murphy  was  the  boss;  this  coming 
session  it  looks  as  though  Barnes  (with 
some  assistance)  would  be  boss,  and  the  peo¬ 
ple,  after  all.  seem  merely  to  have  ex¬ 

changed  one  boss  for  another.  How  long 
will  such  conditions  last?  Just  so  long 

as  the  voters  of  this  State  continue  to 
divide  their  ballots  between  the  two  great 
parties  with  no  reason  beyond  a  senti¬ 
mental  one  of  “I  am  a  Democrat.”  or  “I 
am  a  Republican.”  When  men  begin  to 
think  for  themselves  and  refuse  to  be  de¬ 
luded  by  shibboleths  of  old :  when  they 
decide  to  put  none  but  fit  men  in  office ; 
when  they  determine  to  wear  no  bosses’ 
collar— then  will  they  have  the  representa¬ 
tives  in  legislative  halls  who  will  serve 
them  and  not  the  corporations — those  crea¬ 
tures  of  the  State  whose  power  ofttimos 
seems  to  dwarf  the  State  itself. 

Civil  Service  News.-  Persons  desiring 
to  try  examinations  for  any  of  the  follow¬ 
ing  positions  should  at  once  apply  to  the 
State  Civil  Service  Commission,  Albany, 
for  blanks  and  information;  the  examina¬ 
tions  will  be  held  December  9:  assistant 
inspector  (horticultural  and  nursery  inspec¬ 
tion).  department  of  agriculture,  $720  to 
si. 000;  bacteriologist,  under  health  officer, 
port  of  Now  York,  $1,200;  game  protector, 
Allegany  county,  $900 ;  physical  instructor, 
women  only,  $45  per  month  and  mainten¬ 
ance;  principal  keeper,  State  prisons,  $2,000. 

The  Wadsworth  Law. — The  operation  of 
the  Wadsworth  law,  which  charged  the 
State  Comptroller  with  the  examination 
of  the  fiscal  affairs  of  counties  of  the  State, 
has  resulted  most  favorably  for  the  inter¬ 
ests  of  the  taxpayers.  The  examinations  of 
county  treasurers’  accounts  and  methods; 
the  delving  into  the  systems  by  which 
boards  of  supervisors  audited  and  allowed 
both  county  and  town  charges,  have  re¬ 
vealed  in  dozens  of  instances  that  these 


officials  have  been  proceeding  in  not  alone 
illegal  ways,  but  frequently  permitting  cor¬ 
rupt  practices  to  continue  even  when  known. 
A  number  of  men  prominent  in  their  local¬ 
ities  have  been  brought  to  book  under  the 
operations  of  this  law.  and  some  sent  to 
merited  punishment.  Th  latest  irregulari¬ 
ties  have  been  reported  from  Steuben 
county,  where  the  Comptroller’s  examiners 
report  they  have  discovered  that  thou¬ 
sands  of  dollars  were  charged  by  and  paid 
to  the  sheriffs  for  which  no  authority  in 
law  can  be  found. 

An  Expensive  Dinner. — Probably  _  the 
most  expensive  dinner  ever  indulged  in  by 
the  Sullivan  and  Ryan  families,  residing 
in  the  vicinity  of  Malone,  was  that  for 
which  the  fathers  of  these  households  paid 
$200  in  settlement  with  the  State  for  the 
trout  which  appeared  at  that  meal.  The 
trout  were  stolen  from  the  hatchery  at 
Saranac  Inn — about  two  bushels  in  quan¬ 
tity. 

One  Thing  After  Another. — It  was 
scarcely  enough  it  seems  that  the  chestnut 
tree  blight  should  assume  such  proportions 
that  it  was  necessary  to  call  a  conference 
to  determine  how  it  should  be  dealt  with, 
so  now  comes  a  warning  from  State  Ento¬ 
mologist  Felt  concerning  the  Hickory  bark- 
borer  which,  not  satisfied  with  killing  nu¬ 
merous  hickory  trees  in  the  vicinity  of  New 
York,  lias  destroyed  thousands  of  those  trees 
in  the  central  section  of  the  State.  Dr. 
Felt  reports  that  this  borer  is  now  at  work 
near  Tivoli,  Dutchess  county,  and  doubt¬ 
less  in  other  localities.  His  advice  Is  to 
cut  down  this  Winter  all  dead  hickory 
trees,  for  they  are  probably  infested  with 
the  grub,  and  to  burn  the  bark. 


Telephone  Rates  in  Albany. — A  lone 
citizen  of  Albany,  W.  A.  Choate,  not  con¬ 
tented,  as  were  most  of  its  patrons,  by 
taking  it  out  in  grumbling,  to  pay  the  high 
and  excessive  rates  charged  by  the  “Bell” 
telephone  company,  compiled  some  figures 
as  to  what  rates  were  being  paid  in  other 
cities  of  about  the  same  population  as 
Albany,  for  a  similar  service,  lie  discov¬ 
ered  that  Albany  subscribers  were  paying 
$90  for  direct  line  and  $06  for  a  party 
line  service  per  year,  while  Troy.  Utica 
and  Syracuse  were  paying  only  $60  and  $48 
respectively.  Then  he  complained  to  the 
Public  Service  Commission.  Ills  example 
in  complaining  appealed  so  quickly  to  the 
hundreds  of  “Bell”  subscribers  and  these 
made  so  much  noise  that  the  Board  of 
Trade,  a  body  heretofore  rather  quiescent, 
concluded  it  must  take  action,  so  it  Joined 
with  Mr.  Choate  in  Ills  complaint,  and 
now  it  looks  as  though  some  relief  may  be 
afforded.  It  is  difficult  to  pry  these  public 
service  corporations  loose  from  any  of 
their  fat  dividends,  but  let  one  courageous 
man  take  the  matter  up  and  keep  at  it 
there  is  usually  something  which  may  be 
accomplished.  And  that  is  what  the  Pub¬ 
lic  Service  Commission  was  constituted 
for — to  grant  relief  in  just  such  cases  as 
the  above.  The  trouble  with  the  average 
board  of  trade  is  that  many  of  its  best- 
known  members  are  the  “solid”  men  of 
the  community,  having  money  invested  in 
the  very  corporations  it  is  necessary  t>> 
restrain ;  hence  the  difficulty  in  getting  ag¬ 
gressive  action  when  needed.  c. 


Farmers,  Organize ! 

Why  not  the  Grower  of  Farm 
Products  name  the  price  as 
well  as  other  producers  ? 


We  know  this  Caillc  Perfection  Special  to  be  ab¬ 
solutely  the  greatest  engine  value  on  the  market. 
Built  by  automobile  men  with  automobile  mach¬ 
inery-runs  economically  on  kerosene  or  gasoline— 
your  two  hands  the  only  tools  you'll  need.  The 
simplest  construction  of  any  farm  power  plant — 
your  14-year  old  boy  can  take  care  of  it.  Made 
of  the  finest  material,  every  moving  part  works 
as  smooth  and  sweet  as  a  watch.  Our  free  book 
tells  how  we  make  a  better  engine  at  a  lower  prieo 
than  our  competitors.  Write  for  free  book  and 
15-day  free  trial  offer. 

CAILLE  PERFECTION  MOTOR  CO. 

312  Second  Street  Detroit,  Mich. 

$48 

Complete  and 
Ready  to  Run 


GROWERS  &  SHIPPERS’  EXCHANGE 

With  Headquarters  in 

GRANITE  BUILDING,  Rochester,  N.Y. 

have  now  over  1,100  Farmer  Stock¬ 
holders  and  are  naming  the  prices  to  the 
consumer  on  their  registered  trade¬ 
mark  brands  of  baskets  of  grapes 
peck  and  bushel 
sacks  of  potatoes, 
peck  cartons  and 
bushel  boxes  of 
apples.  Our  mem¬ 
bers  save  from 
$2.00  to  $8.00  per 
ton  on  their  fertilizer 
bills. 

A  branch  can  be 
started  any  place  and 
use  the  same  agents 
in  the  large  market 
centers. 

Write  for  Particulars. 


15  POUNDS 

POTATOES 


OurG 

u5eo 


r 

t 


(opynshffradefljrK  Prolrcb  the 
,  ‘Of  ttasbdfkjndit  MUST  NOT , 
b«  refilled  wlti  Potatoes  by  Dealers. 

GROWERS  AND  SHIPPERS  EXCHANGE1 
HUDQiKUlrtRs,- ROCHESTER, N.Y. 


HAMILTON  RESERVOIR 

ORCHARD  HEATER 


The 

You  Will 
Eventually  Buy 


I h®  REGULATED  FIRE 


Control  the  heat,  and  meet  every  weather 
condition  with  true  fuel  economy.  This 
means  a  small  fire  for  a  slight  frost,  also 
a  large  fire  for  a  heavy  freeze  or  windy 
condition. 

Large  Oil  Capacity 

(3  and  6  yallons).  provides  for  a  long 
burn  without  refilling.  A  labor  saver. 

/Vo  Seams 

Tho  bane  of  the  “made-over”  lard  pail 
pots— seams— is  entirely  eliminated.  No 
wasteful  oil  leakage. 


Bessemer  Steel 

Honestly  built  of  20  gauge  Bessemer  steel 
to  withstand  the  rust  and  weather.  Com¬ 
mon  stove  pipe  iron  lias  no  place  in  its 
Construction. 

Each  of  these  superior  points  is  exclusive 
in  the  HAMILTON  RESERVIOR  HEATER 

and  you  should  compare  it  with  any  other 
device  and  discover  its  greater  advan¬ 
tages.  Knowing  growers,  after  investiga¬ 
tion,  always  buy  this  heater.  Mr.  A. 
Gregory,  Redlands,  Calif.,  purchased  8,000 
of  the  6-gallon  reservoir  heaters  only  after 
exhaustively  investigating  and  testing 
every  type.  This  is  the  largest  order  over 
placed  by  an  individual  grower  in  any 
State,  requiring  48,000  gallons  of  oil  for  one 
filling,  and  the  equal  of  48,000  of  tho  lard 
pail  type  of  pots. 

This  should  be  of  interest  to  you  and  we 
want  to  tell  you  more  about  it. 

Write  for  our  New  Literature 


Hamilton  Orchard  Heater  Co. 

Grand  Junction,  Colo. 


Grind  Your  Corn-HL'sks  and  All 

A1  falfa.ClovorHay,  Wheat  Seroeninjrs. sheaf 
oats,  rye,  Kaffir  com,  A  wheat,  barley. 
Hhell  com,  cotton  seed,  wot,  dry  or  oily  are  all 
ground  to  roeal  on  tho  “Bull  Dog"  Grinder. 


\  Highest  Grade  of  Corn  and  Buck- 
•i  wheat  Table  Flour  in  One  Grinding 


And  you  can  prove  it.  10  Days’  FREE 
Trial  Given.  State  size  of  engine  and 
write  for  catalog  and  samples  today. 

Letx  Manufacturing:  Company 
E.  Road,  Crown  Point,  Ind. 


FURNITURE 


FOR  ALL 


EOPLE 

ALL 

URPOSES 

ALL 

0CKET-B00KS 

AT 

FACTORY-COST 

Buy  tlinfc  Furniture  you 
have  wanted  bo  lout?  light 
now.  Don't  think  for  a 
minute  you  can’t  afford  that 
chair,  bookcase,  couch  or 
bed.  Perhaps  you  can’t  afford  to  pay  the  price 
your  local  dealer  asks  you  to  pay:  but  have  you 
to>en  our  prices?  Our  values  will  startle  you. 
Never  before  have  wo  offered  such  a  complete, 
high  grade,  carefully  selected  line  of  furniture 
at  such  ridiculously  low  prices.  You  do  not  want 
to  miH*  our  furniture  book  this  year.  It  will  bo 
interesting  reading  for  you.  From  the  lirst  page 
to  ttie  last  it  is  all  the  same  story— highest  quality 
furniture  at  lowest  possible  prices.  ® 

JonN  A.  Hall,  our  exi>ert  furniture  buyer,  has 
selected  this  line  from  tho  offerings  of  the  lead¬ 
ing  factories  of  this  country.  In  many  casos  he 
lias  contracted  for  the  entire  output.  Thus  we 
have  obtained  prices  t  hat  no  local  dealer  can  hope 
to  duplicate.  This  saving  is  your^-how  much  of 
a  saving  it  is,  a  comparison  of  prices  will  toll. 
And  just  a  word  about  the  assortment,  Every¬ 
thing  (absolutely  everything)  that  comes  within 
tho  ordinary  furniture  needs  of  man.  is  here.  We 
have  grades  and  prices  that  will  suit  you,  no  mat¬ 
ter  what  your  tastes,  no  matter  how  largo  or  how 
small  your  pocket-book.  Everything  is  new— up- 
to-date  and  stylish  in  design  and  finish.  The  ma¬ 
terials  are  the  very  best,  and  wo  show  you  a  vari¬ 
ety  ten  times  as  great  as  you  will  find  in  tho 
average  retail  store. 

Let  us  send  you  tho  furniture  book.  You  need 
it.  The  number  is  7. 

Here  is  a  complete  list  of  our  money-savers — we 
will  send  eny  of  them  free  of  charge  on  request. 
Put  numbers  of  tho  books  you  wanton  tho  coupon. 


1  Paints 

2  PilHIOB 

3  Organs 
•;  Tranks 

6  Rooting 
G  V  chiclet* 

7  Furniture 

8  Ineubiitora 

9  Wall  Paper 

10  Typewriters 

11  Grocery  List 

12  Feed  Cookers 

13  Tank  Heaters 

14  Wire  Fencing 

15  Carpets,  Rugs 

16  Building  Plans 


17  Baby  Carriages 

18  Men’s  Fur  Coats 

19  Sewing  Machines 

20  Gasoline  Engines 

21  Cream  Separators 

22  Building  Material 

23  Stoves  and  Ranges 

24  Underwear  Sam¬ 
ples 

25  Automobile  Sup¬ 

plies 

26  Bicycles  —  Motor¬ 
cycles 

27  Baby's  Dress  and 
Toilet 


28  Women's  Tailored 
Suits 

29  Circular  and  Drag 
Saws 

30  Women’s  Fashion 

31  Rain  Coats,  Rub¬ 
ber  Coats,  etc. 

32  Tombstones  and 

Monuments 

33  Men’B  Clothing 

34  Women’s  Furs 

35  Dry  Goods 

36  Muslin  Wear 

37  Millinery 


Sign  and  Mail  Coupon  NOW! 
158  Montgomery  Ward  &  Co. 

I9th  and  Campbell  Sts.  Chicago  Avenue  Bridge 
KANSAS  CITY  CHICAGO 

Please  nend  to  my  address  below  books  Nos . 

absolutely  free  of  cost. 

Name . 

Post  Office 


I 


L State .  I 

SEND  COUPON  TO  THE  NEARER  ADDRESS 


November  25, 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


forThrifiy  M on  &Youn^Men 

CLOTH  CRAFT 
CLOTHES  A"* 


A  WEARER  of  Clothcraft 
Clothes  moved  to  a  town 
where  there  was  no  Cloth- 
craft  store.  He  was  offered 
clothes  “just  as  good” — but  his 
satisfaction  with  Clothcraft  had 
been  so  great  that  he  wrote  the 
makers,  begging  them  to  sell  him 
direct.  He  was  willing  to  take 
his  chance  of  style,  fabric  and 
fit  so  long  as  he  knew  he  was 
getting  Clothcraft  Clothes. 

Of  course  the  makers  couldn’t  sell 
him  direct,  as  they  don’t  do  a  retail 
business;  but  the  incident  is  related  to 
show  the  confidence  that  Clothcraft 
wearers  have  in  their  clothes. 

That  confidence  rests  upon  more  than 
individual  judgment.  It  is  based  upon 
the  Clothcraft  guaranty,  backed  by 
dealer  and  maker,  which  assures  first- 
class  materials  and  workmanship, 
permanent  shapeliness,  lasting  satis¬ 
faction,  and  absolutely  pure  wool 
cloth — 

The  One  Guaranteed  All-Wool  Lino 
at  Medium  Prices:  $10  to  $25 

So  much  quality  at  SlU  to  $25  is  the  result  of 
Clothcraft  Scientific  Tailoring,  which  improves 
the  quality  while  cutting  down  the  cost.  1 1  is  the 
outgrowth  of  sixty-one  years  devoted  soleiy  to 
making  good  clothes  ai  medium  prices. 

You  can  be  sure  of  all  these  advantages  in  your 
clothes  if  you  buy  Clothcraft  Clothes — and  buy 
early,  while  assortments  are  good. 

Go  to  the  Nearest  Clothcraft  Store 

Be  sure  to  see  the  Clothcraft  Blue  Serge  Special. 
No.  4130,  at  $18.50.  Then  try  on  other  Clothcraft 
coats  and  overcoats,  and  see  how  well  they  fit. 
Notice  the  close-fitting  collar,  the  shapely  should¬ 
ers.  and  the  full,  smooth  coat-front. 

If  you  don’t  know  a  Clothcraft  Store,  wri'e  us 
today  for  the  address  of  the  nearest  one.  With 
it  we’ll  send  you  the  Clothcraft  Style-Book  for 
fall  and  winter. 


THE  JOSEPH  &  FEISS  CO. 


Founded  1850 — Oldest  American 
Manufacturers  of  Men’s  Clothes 

635  St.  Clair  Avenue,  N.  W. 


Climax  Carrier. 


Feed,  Ensilage,  Lifter. 


A  stable  help  that  saves  labor.  Brings  feed  from 
silo  or  bin  to  manger,  carries  manure  from  all 
stablings  to  same  pile  or  dumps  on  wagon.  Kasy 
lift,  light  running,  positive  dump.  Made  of  steel. 
Straight  or  curved  tracks  to  run  anywhere  and  suit 
any  stable  plan.  Write  for  descriptive  circular. 

Warsaw-Wilkinson  Co., 

50  Highland  Ave.,  Warsaw,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-VORKER 


iiae 


PROTECTING  PRIVfT  FROM  MICE. 

B.  E.,  New  Hartford,  Conn. — Can  you  tell 
me  any  sure  way  of  preventing  field  mice 
and  chipmunks  from  gnawing  and  killing 
privet  hedge  this  Winter?  Any  mulch 
seems  to  attract  them. 

Ans. — Field  mice  eat  a  great  deal  of 
green  or  vegetable  food,  which  they 
can  easily  procure  during  the  Summer 
season.  To  procure  this  desired  and 
needful  food  in  Winter  season,  when 
the  ground  is  frozen,  they  greedily  eat 
the  bark  of  trees  and  shrubs.  The 
apples,  peaches  and  privet  are  favorite 
plants  to  furnish  them  green  food  from 
their  bark.  The  only  sure  preventive 
against  their  ravages  is  to  protect  with 
wire,  the  meshes  so  small  that  they  can¬ 
not  get  through  it,  or  tarred  paper 
wrapped  around  the  body  of  the  plant. 
None  of  these  protective  devices  is 
practicable  with  the  privet  hedge,  as 
the  branches  would  interfere  with  fas¬ 
tening  anything  of  the  kind  so  that  a 
mouse  could  not  get  in  between  it  and 
the  plant.  The  only  sure  plan  is  to 
keep  away  all  mulch,  like  straw,  hay, 
leaves  or  coarse  manure  from  around 
or  near  the  plants,  as  this  affords  a 
nesting  place  and  protection  for  them. 
If  mulching  is  really  necessary,  then 
use  well  rotted  cow  manure,  free  from 
straw,  or  better  still,  good  rich  soil  ap¬ 
plied  late  in  the  Fall  before  ground 
freezes.  e.  s.  black. 


ONE  SCHOOL  TEACHER  TALKS. 

Now  that  the  long  Winter  evenings  are 
here  and  we  people  on  the  farm  have  a 
litle  spare  time,  let  us  give  our  attention 
to  our  children’s  school  work.  Have  a 
little  talk  with  the  boy  and  the  girl  about 
their  lessons  in  school.  Find  out  what 
they  are  doing.  Tell  them  any  facts  tlnTt 
may  help  in  the  geography  or  arithmetic 
class.  Let  them  feel  that  you  are  inter¬ 
ested  in  their  work. 

Do  not  criticise  the  teacher,  poor  soul, 
out  there  in  the  country  school.  Re  sure, 
her  path  ^s  not  all  roses.  There  are  al¬ 
ways  the  big  rough  boys,  who  are  inter¬ 
ested  in  making  trouble,  as  well  as  the  little 
children  who  are  to  be  amused  and  taught 
For  it  is  a  teacher’s  duty  to  strive  to 
make  the  school  a  pleasant  place. 

If  you  drive  to  school  with  the  children, 
try  to  say  a  cheerful  “good  morning”  to 
the  teacher,  and  a  pleasant  word.  It  is 
only  a  little  thing,  but  it  helps  a  lot. 
Then,  too,  see  that  the  children  start  to 
school  with  clean  hands  and  faces  and  their 
hair  brushed.  I  have  taught  where  children 
of  well-to-do  parents  came  morning  after 
morning  with  faces  which  showed  lines 
down  the  cheeks,  “high  water  mark,”  and 
whose  hands  were  not  familiar  with  soap 
and  water. 

You  are  interested  in  the  poultry  and 
cows  of  the  farm,  in  social  work,  perhaps 
take  pleasure  in  the  Grange.  All  these  are 
good,  but  do  not  neglect  your  duty  to  your 
child.  Do  all  in  your  power  to  keep  them 
in  school  until  they  are  prepared  for  their 
life  work.  l.  m. 


A  SURGICAL  OPERATION  ON  FAKES. 

I  could  not  tell  you  in  language  strong 
enough  to  express  my  appreciation  of  the 
value  and  integrity  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  Al¬ 
though  I  do  not  live  on  a  farm  or  run  one, 
I  was  raised  on  a  farm,  and  have  owned 
farms  at  different  times  that  have  been 
leased  to  others.  Hence  my  chief  interest 
aside  from  that  of  my  profession,  has  ever 
been  that  of  a  farmer,  and  because  of  that 
fact  I  have  always  been  a  liberal  sub¬ 
scriber  for  farm  literature.  I  have  been 
actively  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine 
for  4o  years,  and  as  I  live  in  a  small  city 
of  from  two  to  three  thousand  inhabitants, 
the  greater  part  of  my  medical  practice 
has  been  in  the  country  among  the  farmers. 
As  a  result  I  have  easily  kept  abreast  of 
farm  practice,  and  I  am  glad  to  say  that 
in  no  profession  has  there  been  greater 
improvement  than  in  that  of  farming. 
Much  of  this  is  due  to  Tite  It.  N.-Y.  and  a 
few  other  farm  papers.  While  it  has  had 
some  competitors  along  the  line  of  giving 
instruction,  it  has  had  no  competitor  or 
peer  in  the  line  of  effort  in  saving  the 
farmer  from  the  multitudes  of  heartless 
sharks  that  advertise  so  extensively  in  other 
papers.  It  is  useless  to  attempt  to  name 
even  the  varieties  of  these  fraudulent  prop¬ 
ositions  with  which  the  farmer  is  continu¬ 
ally  confronted.  Many  of  them  are  so  bald 
that  it  looks  as  if  anyone  who  would  ho 
taken  in  by  them  ought  to  have  a  guardian. 
Rut  there  are  others  that  are  more  danger¬ 
ous  than  the  transparent  ones  alluded  to 
above.  Among  these  may  be  mentioned  the 
advertisements  that  are,  wo  might  say,  half 
lies.  Such,  for  instance,  as  some  of  the 
seed  catalogues,  that  have  something  that 
may  be  even  good  in  variety,  but  no  better 
than  older  varieties,  yet  the  proprietor  un- 
blushlngly  makes  statements  that  are  sim¬ 
ply  impossible,  and  as  a  result  many  people 
pay  exorbitant  prices  for  something  that  is 
no  better  than  standard  articles  that  can 
be  purchased  at  a  much  lower  price. 

One  of  the  most  flagrant  fakes  of  this 
kind  is  certain  things  pertaining  to  poultry 
culture.  Every  farm  paper,  and  almost 
every  magazine  one  can  pick  up,  aVe  well 
laden  down  with  advertisements  of  incuba¬ 
tors,  and  almost  without  exception  each 
claims  to  bo  vastly  superior  to  any  other, 
many  times  containing  unblushing  state¬ 
ments  that  it  would  be  impossible  to  corro¬ 
borate.  Then  there  is  the  owner  of  fancy 
breeds  of  poultry  that  are  said  to  be  so 
vastly  superior  to  all  others,  that  one  might 
wonder  that  every  poultry  keeper  does  not 
at  once  cub  the  heads  off  the  fowls  he 
owns  and  invest  in  these  gold  mine  chick¬ 
ens.  Fabulous  stories  are  told  about  hens 
that  net  the  owner  six,  eight  or  nine  dollars 
each  per  year.  Another  will  buy  space  in 
a  magazine  to  the  extent  of  two  or  three 
pages  that  a  single  insertion  will  cost  more 
than  an  average  farmer  can  make  on  his 
“chickens”  in  a  lifetime.  But  here  the 


farmer  or  poultryman  is  caught  and  will 
purchase  eggs  at  from  .$10  to  $20  per 
sitting,  from  which  he  may  raise  to  maturity 
possibly,  if  he  is  lucky,  half  a  dozen  birds, 
only  to  find  in  the  end  that  they  are  sim¬ 
ply  “chickens”  and  no  more  profitable  pos¬ 
sibly  than  his  neighbor’s  dunghills.  What 
a  pity  each  reader  of  these  flaming  adver¬ 
tisements  cannot  see  that  the  men  who  buy 
these  high-priced  eggs  or  birds  pay  for 
these  advertisements,  and  as  a  matter  of 
fact  the  advertiser  is  not  out  a  cent. 
These  advertisements  are  either  half  truths 
or  plain  lies,  and  perhaps  more  often  the 
latter. 

The- fact  is  the  press  is  so  inclined  to 
excess  of  statement  that  one  hardly  knows 
any  more,  what  is  true  or  false  in  state¬ 
ment  if  read  in  a  newspaper.  This  of  itself 
I  firmly  believe  has  a  demoralizing  effect 
upon  the  popular  mind.  The  average  read¬ 
er  is  not  sufficiently  deceived  but  that  he 
known  much  whitft  he  reads  is  false,  and 
as  it  continues  unchallenged  it  has  the 
effect  of  suggestion  on  him  until  it  does 
not  touch  his  conscience  at  all,  and  sooner 
or  later  he  passively  accpts  it  without  even 
a  mental  protest.  As  an  illustration  I 
again  refer  to  the  extravagant  claims  made 
for  rearing  poultry  as  a  profitable  profes¬ 
sion.  I  believe  it  is  safe  to  say  that  not 
one  person  in  ten  on  an  average  can  make 
poultry  raising  even  fairly  profitable.  In 
the  case  of  these  extravagant  stories  we 
read  along  this  line,  if  they  are  true,  the 
truth  depends  upon  the  owner’s  success  as 
a  business  advertiser.  The  fact  is.  every 
one  of  these  fellows  makes  advertising  a 
profession,  and  if  lie  succeeds  it  is  not 
because  his  poultry  is  in  any  sense  better 
than  any  one  of  ten  thousand  other  persons, 
but  because  he  is  an  advertising  plunger, 
and  if  successful,  that  is,  if  he  succeeds  in 
getting  enough  suckers  to  pay  his  advertis¬ 
ing  bills,  he  will  make  a  lot  of  money,  and 
then  he  can  blow  about  what  a  vast  sum 
of  money  his  birds  made  for  him.  This  in 
turn  is  inserted  in  his  next  “ad”  and  this 
brings  a  new  crop  of  suckers.  Of  course 
if  one  is  near  one  of  the  great  eastern 
cities,  even  dunghill  fowls  might  be  made  to 
pay.  Rut  otherwise,  especially  in  the  West 
or  Middle  West,  the  real  net  profits  on  the 
average  is  but  a  meagre  profit.  I  believe  I 
speak  advisedly  as  I  have  been  engaged  in 
poultry  raising  all  my  life,  and  I  believe 
I  have  at  least  average  sense  about  such 
things,  and  it  is  my  conviction  that  every 
hen  that  is  raised  to  maturity  costs  on  aii 
average  not  less  than  a.  dollar.  The  poul¬ 
tryman  does  reasonably  well  if  he  gets 
50  cents  for  this  dollar  hen.  Certainly  the 
few  choice  ones  ho  selects  for  breeder's  are 
worth  more  money,  and  possibly  will  show 
a  small  profit  in  eggs.  If  he  is  a  con¬ 
scienceless  and  successful  advertiser  he  may 
make  a  profit  in  selling  eggs  for  hatching, 
or  birds  for  breeding,  but  this  is  not  for 
the  farmer  or  the  average  poultrvman.  My 
advice  is  to  go  slow  on  fancy  poultry  breed¬ 
ing,  ns  it  is  not  for  the  average  man. 

Another  fake  is  the  various  systems  that 
are  advertised  so  extensively,  in  such  glow¬ 
ing  language  as  to  make  it' appear  tnat  all 
one  has  to  do  is  to  adopt  my  system  and 
your  fortune  is  made.  Now  the  truth  is 
the  natural  condition  of  the  “chicken”  is  to 
be  allowed  unlimited  range,  and  in  propor¬ 
tion  as  that  is  abridged  it  becomes  more 
difficult  to  achieve  success  in  the  poultry 
business.*  Hence  if  a  system  so  artificial 
as  complete  confinement  in  a  coop  is  adopted 
it  will  require  constant  attention  to  the 
fowls  to  make  even  a  partial  success.  The 
Individual  who  embarks  in  this  line  of 
work  must  go  into  it  extensively  so  as  to 
occupy  all  his  time,  because  he  must  ab¬ 
solutely  live  with  the  “chickens.”  He  may 
in  this  way  get  a  fair  proportion  reared  to 
salable  size,  but  this  is  not  for  the  man  or 
woman  who  has  some  other  regular  calling 
that  requires  timely  attention.  '  So  look  out 
for  poultry  fakers,  as  well  as  fakers  of 
other  kinds.  They  all  have  their  speclal- 

t*e®-  ,  .  A.  W.  FOREMAN,  M.  D. 

Illinois. 


^  hen  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
’  square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


A  BRAIN  WORKER 

Must  Have  the  Kind  of  Food  That  Nourishes 
Brain. 

I  am  a  literary  man  whose  nervous 
energy  is  a  great  part  of  my  stock  in 

trade,  and  ordinarily  I  have  little  patience 
with  breakfast  foods  and  the  extravagant 
claims  made  of  them.  But  1  cannot 
withhold  my  acknowledgment  of  the 
debt  that  I  owe  to  Grape-Nuts  food. 

‘‘I  discovered  long  ago  that  the  very 
bulkiness  of  the  ordinary  diet  was  not 
calculated  to  give  one  a  clear  head,  the 
power  of  sustained,  accurate  thinking. 
I  always  felt  heavy  and  sluggish  in  mind 
as  well  as  body  after  eating  the  ordin¬ 
ary  meal,  which  diverted  the  blood  from 
the  brain  to  the  digestive  apparatus. 

“I  tried  foods  easy  of  digestion,  but 
found  them  usually  deficient  in  nutri¬ 
ment.  I  experimented  with  many  break¬ 
fast  foods  and  they,  too,  proved  unsatis¬ 
factory,  till  I  reached  Grape-Nuts.  And 
then  the  problem  was  solved. 

“Grape-Nuts  agreed  with  me  per¬ 
fectly  from  the  beginning,  satisfying  my 
hunger  and  supplying  the  nutriment  that 
SO«many  other  prepared  foods  lack. 

I  had  not  been  using'  it  very  long  be¬ 
fore  I  found  that  I  was  turning  out  an 
unusual  quantity  and  quality  of  work. 
Continued  use  has  demonstrated  to  my 
entire  satisfaction  that  Grape-Nuts  food 
contains  the  elements  needed  by  the 
brain  and  nervous  system  of  the'  hard 
working  public  writer.”  Name  given  by 
Postum  Co.,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

“There’s  a  reason,”  and  it  is  ex¬ 
plained  in  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs. 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


“This  Car-And  My  13-Year  Old  Boy” 

YOU  do  not  require  an  engineering  education  in  order  to  operate  the 
Abbott-Detroit,  because  it  is  so  simple  in  construction  that  your  wife, 
daughter  or  young  son  can  drive  it  at  will  with  the  absolute  knowledge 
that  the  car  is  running  perfectly. 

President  Lawrence  E.  Smith  of  the  Smith-Grieves  Typesetting 
Company  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  whose  Abbott-Detroit  has  covered  6,000  miles, 
writes:  "This  car  has  been  driven  exclusively  by  the  writer  and  my  thirteen  year 
old  boy.  The  engine  is  working  perfectly  ancl  has  more  power  today  than  when 
I  first  began  driving  it.  The  fact  of  the  matter  is,  the  more  you  run  the  engine 
the  better  it  seems  to  work."  If  you  are  in  the  market  for  a  new  car,  you  owe  it 
to  yourself  to  read  the  score  of  letters  we  have  just  issued  in  booklet  form — letters 
written  by  representative  men  who  own  and  drive  Abbott-Detroit  cars. 

“The  Car  With  a  Pedigree’ * 


Built  for  Permanence 

When  you  consider,  criticize  and  compare  the  standard  1912  Abbott-Detroit 
with  other  cars  selling  at  or  near  the  Abbott-Detroit  price,  reflect  what  it  means 
to  your  best  interests  to  own  a  car  that  is  not  only  pleasing  to  the  eye,  comfort¬ 
able  to  ride  in,  and  built  by  a  reputable  firm,  but  embodying  the  ideal  design, 
features  and  standard  gasoline  engine  principles  that  have  made  possible  the 
100,000  mile  trip  of  the  Abbott-Detroit  "Bull  Dog” — the  stock  car  that  has 
covered  40,000  miles  to  date  of  the  roughest  roads  in  the  United  States. 

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THE  RURAL,  NEW-YCKKER 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


“THE  LIVING  BREAD.” 

There  was  a  city  man  once  who  went 
to  the  country  to  spend  a  Summer  va¬ 
cation.  Some  men  are  proud  to  say  they 
trace  back  to  the  farm.  This  man  had 
no  such  pride.  His  grandfather  ran 
away  from  a  little  rocky  farm  where 
he  thought  they  starved  and  chilled 
him.  He  never  went  back,  and  he 
handed  his  hatred  and  contempt  down 
through  two  generations.  You  pass  such 
a  feeling  along  through  two  genera¬ 
tions  framed  in  brick  and  stone,  and 
you  have  a  cold-blooded  view  of  farm 
life.  This  man  was  well-to-do,  shrewd, 
active  and  forceful.  Life  had  been  for 
long  years  a  sort  of  battle  with  him. 
The  successful  fight  had  left  him  a 
little  cynical,  a  little  hard  and  distrust¬ 
ful  of  humanity.  That  is  a  part  of  the 
successful  game  in  the  city.  They  all 
feel  more  or  less  that  way  who  live 
their  lives  and  make  their  money  in 
the  battle  of  the  streets. 

So  this  man  went  to  the  country  and 
stopped  at  a  fine  hotel.  That  was  his 
idea  of  country  living — to  perch  on  a 
high  hill  in  luxury,  pay  the  price  and 
look  off  over  the  rolling  country.  On 
a  sunny  day,  idly  smoking  on  the  hotel 
piazza  this  man  could  look  away  to 
where  the  sky  touched  the  last  range  of 
hills.  Here  and  there  he  could  see 
little  brown  patches  apparently  ea'ten 
out  of  the  green  woods.  Some  were 
tucked  away  in  little  hollows — others 
lay  on  the  sunny  side  of  the  hills.  Now 
and  then  when  the  sun  was  right  there 
would  be  a  flash  and  sparkle  in  one 
of  these  clearings — as  when  sunlight 
falls  upon  glass.  One  morning,  rising 
for  an  early  fishing  trip,  he  noticed  thin 
curls  of  smoke  rising  here  and  there. 
With  a  good  glass  he  was  able  to  see 
that  these  clearings  were  farms — each 
with  its  weather-beaten  house  and  its 
barns  and  outbuildings.  Then  he  came 
to  realize  that  from  his  hotel  perch  he 
was  looking  down  upon  a  country  of 
scattered  homes. 

At  times  he  drove  his  car  over  the 
mountain  roads  past  these  clearings. 
They  were  much  alike — a  small  hole 
gnawed  out  of  the  woods,  a  few 
stumpy  fields,  buildings  rather  poor, 
women  with  great  sad  eyes,  and  men 
who  drooped  a  little  with  discourage¬ 
ment.  It  made  the  man  gloomy  to  ride 
past  such  homes  as  night  was  com¬ 
ing  on. 

“Too  far  from  Broadway!”  he  would 
mutter  as  he  put  on  full  speed  and 
dashed  away.  You  see  this  man  thought 
“the  heart  of  things”  was  where  he 
worked  in  the  roar  of  the  city — where 
money  and  power  were  manifest.  How 
could  he  comprehend  this  duller  life 
tucked  away  here  at  the  heart  of  the 
hills  where  .  men  and  women  toiled 
alone — without  hope  or  opportunity? 
He  reasoned  it  out  as  most  city  men 
do,  and  concluded  that  as  these  plain 
farmers  did  not  “get  there”  they  must 
be  of  a  lower  human  type  than  his  own 
class.  These  strong  men  are  fond  of 
assuming  that  the  things  which  go  with 
money  and  power  must  of  necessity 
represent  this  “higher  type.”  Of  course 
they  forget,  if  they  ever  realized  it, 
that  all  the  great  city  ever  had  came 
originally  out  of  the  hard  labor  of  such 
workers  as  these  farmers.  Quite 
likely,  could  he  have  had  his  way,  this 
man  would  have  argued  that  a  dozen 
of  these  scattered  families  might  well 
be  thrown  together  and  forced  to  live 
as  a  community.  That  is  the  way  they 
argue,  without  seeming  to  realize  that 
by  destroying  the  struggle  for  an  in¬ 
dependent  home  he  would  break  down 
part  of  the  most  civilizing  force  in 
America. 

", Such  people  do  not  influence  the 
world  at  all.  They  can  make  no  mark 
upon  literature  or  thought  or  progress 
in  any  way.” 

That  is  what  he  said  when  he  thought 
he  had  studied  it  all  out.  Hundreds  of 
wise  men  have,  before  him,  thought  the 
same.  Some  learned  better. 

******* 

Vacation  was  over  at  last — the  nights 
grew  cold  and  the  days  were  short. 
The  season  went  out  in  a  blaze  of 
glory.  There  was  to  be  one  last  ride 
over  the  mountains  and  a  banquet  at 
night.  It  was  a  jolly  party  that  whirled 
away  through  the  crisp  mountain  air 
for  that  last  ride. 

A  climb  up  a  steep  hill  and  a  rush 
down  through  fragrant  pines  brought 


the  car  out  into  a  dash  of  sunlight  with 
a  glorious  view  down  the  long  valley. 
Just  below  them  was  one  of  these  little 
farm  clearings.  Across  the  road  from 
the  house  a  spring  gurgled  out  of  the 
rock  and  slipped  away  to  join  a  little 
stream  in  the  next  field.  The  women 
were  thirsty,  and  our  city  man  brought 
water  in  a  gourd  which  he  found  by 
the  spring. 

It  was  a  poor  little  place.  They 
looked  it  over  as  they  sat  in  the  car. 
In  the  pasture  a  few  black  and  white 
cows  were  feeding.  Three  children 
stared  at  them  through  the  fence.  In 
the  small  garden  an  old  man  was 
feebly  digging  potatoes.  In  the  shade, 
at  the  side  of  the  house,  a  woman  bent 
over  her  tub  with  hands  scrubbing  at 
the  washboard.  She  did  not  see  them, 
for  her  brown  sunbonnet  shaded  her 
face  as  she  bent  over  her  work.  As 
she  scrubbed  and  splashed  in  the  water 
she  was  singing.  The  idle  company  in 
the  car  listened.  The  woman  had  but 
a  feeble  voice,  and  the  washboard  ac¬ 
companiment  partly  smothered  it. 

All  the  way  my  Savior  leads  me 

What  have  I  to  fear  beside? 

Can  I  doubt  the  loving  mercy 

Which  through  years  has  been  my  guide? 

The  woman  had  but  a  feeble  voice, 
but  above  the  rubbing  and  splashing  in 
the  tub  the  song,  such  as  it  was,  came 
to  the  listeners.  You  know  how  people 
sometimes  give  unconscious  power  to 
their  tones  when  they  do  not  know  they 
have  an  audience.  The  little  audience 
in  the  car  had  all  “developed”  be¬ 
yond  the  idea  of  believing  what  the 
singer  sang.  The  well-bred  women 
glanced  at  each  other  and  lifted  their 
eyebrows  a  .little.  The  fat  banker 
glanced  at  the  poor  surroundings  and 
essayed  his  sneering  little  joke: 

“Rather  a  poor  guide  to  bring  up  in 
such  a  place — I’d  rather  walk  alone” — ■ 
he  said  as  they  drove  on.  Somehow 
the  joke  and  the  lifted  eyebrows  jarred 
the  man’s  nerves  a  little.  Of  course, 
as  he  had  said,  such  people  could  not 
influence  thought  or  literature,  and  yet 
the  scene  followed  him  through  the 
day.  You  see  he  had  become  interested 
in  these  homes. 

It  may  have  been  chance,  or  perhaps 
it  was  really  the  best  way  home,  but 
after  their  day’s  whirl  through  the  hills 
the  party  drove  back  to  the  hotel  the 
way  they  came.  Within  half  a  mile  of 
the  farmhouse,  over  the  ridge,  there 
was  a  bump  and  a  pop,  and  a  tire  was 
gone.  The  banker  and  the  women 
waited  by  the  roadside,  but  the  man 
walked  slowly  on  ahead.  At  the  top  of 
the  hill  he  looked  down  upon  the  val¬ 
ley.  Perhaps  you  have  seen  the  twi¬ 
light  of  a  late  Summer  day  slowly 
gather  upon  a  lonely  dairy  farm  among 
the  hills.  As  the  sun  gently  passes  to 
the  western  hills  shadows  grow  darker 
and  darker  under  the  trees  and  in  the 
little  hollows.  It  seems  as  if  strange 
night  voices  are  whispering  and  mur¬ 
muring  out  of  these  shadows.  A  herd 
of  cattle  moves  slowly  across  the  pas¬ 
ture,  headed  for  home  and  following 
the  distant  call.  Tired  men  walk  slowly 
in  from  the  field.  Women  stand  in 
doorways  looking  across  to  the  hills 
with  eyes  that  see  beyond  them  and 
the  last  rays  of  the  sun  sparkle  on 
the  glass.  The  man  stood  on  the  hill 
and  saw  it  all — peace,  holy  peace,  God’s 
blessed  peace  as  night  came  to  the  dairy 
farm.  He  had  seen  nothing  like  this 
before.  There  was  nothing  of  this 
sort  when  he  closed  his  daily  battle  in 
the  city.  What  did  it  mean?  Could 
these  people  of  “a  lower  type”  have 
found  what  he  had  missed? 

As  he  walked  down  the  hill  the  old 
man  who  had  been  digging  potatoes  in 
the  garden  stepped  out  of  the  brush  and 
joined  him.  The  city  man  could  hardly 
tell  you  why  he  foas  interested  in  the 
story,  yet  he  drew  it  from  the  old  man. 

The  son  was  dead.  There  was  no¬ 
thing  but  this  little  corner  of  the  for¬ 
est  to  make  a  home  for  the  widow 
and  children.  There  was  just  the 
washtub  and  the  little  bunch  of  cows 
to  keep  the  wolf  from  the  door.  The 
old  man  grew  bitter  with  his  querulous 
complaint : 

“Them  city  people  pay  nine  cents 
for  our  milk  and  we  get  two  cents. 
Then  they  come  up  here  and  find  fault 
with  the  washing.” 

The  old  man  vented  his  hopeless 
spite  by  swinging  his  cane  at  a  road¬ 
side  weed.  The  city  man  saw  the  whole 
little  home  tragedy  spread  before  him. 
This  was  home  to  the  old  man  and  the 
children.  The  woman  was  fighting  her 
battle  to  save  it.  It  came  to  him  that 
here  was  something  of  the  spirit  which 
has  been  bedded  like  a  rock  into  his¬ 
tory.  Here  was  a  little  touch  of  the 
thing  which  all  human  progress  goes 
back  to.  How  could  she  do  it?  The 
man  had  no  sister  or  woman  friend 


November  25, 


who  would  do  such  work.  What  was 
the  ruling  force — what  compensation? 

They  had  reached  the  buildings.  Far 
back  in  the  still  air  he  heard  the  cough 
of  the  coming  car  and  saw  its  red  eye 
come  over  the  ridge.  The  black  and 
white  cows  stood  in  a  yard  by  the  little 
barn  patiently  chewing  their  cud  and 
waiting  to  be  milked.  There  was  a 
tinkle  as  the  milk  struck  the  bottom  of 
the  pail,  and  framed  against  the  white 
side  of  a  cow  he  saw  the  brown  sun- 
bonnet  which  had  bent  over  the  tub 
in  the  morning.  The  woman  was  milk¬ 
ing,  and  as  before  she  did  not  realize 
that  an  audience  had  gathered  for  her 
song.  For  it  was  the  same  one,  only 
a  different  verse.  And  the  man  stand¬ 
ing  there  in  the  twilight  unconsciously 
took  off  his  hat  as  he  listened : 

“All  the  way  my  Savior  leads  me, 

Guidos  each  wandering  path  1  tread. 

Gives  me  strength  for  every  trial, 

Feeds  me  with  the  living  bread.” 

The  glare  of  the  car’s  light  was  upon 
them  and  the  woman  stopped  her  song. 
As  he  climbed  into  the  car  the  man 
caught  sight  of  her  face — glorified  as  it 
seemed  to  him  in  the  sun’s  last  ray. 
Then  they  dashed  on  ahead  to  make  up 
for  lost  time.  It  was  a  wonderful  ban¬ 
quet  to  end  the  day.  They  were  all 
hungry,  but  somehow  the  man  did  not 
respond. 

“Sick?”  said  the  fat  banker,  looking 
over  his  glasses.  “Order  anything — 
what  will  you  have?” 

The  man  in  a  half  dream  forgot  him¬ 
self  for  a  moment: 

"Feeds  me  with  the  living  bread!” 

“Living  bread?  What  is  it — electri¬ 
fied?  Some  new  breakfast-  food? 
Where  can  it  be  bought?” 

The  man’s  mind  cleared  as  he 
laughed.  It  seemed  so  absurd  to  think 
of  buying  this  living  bread.  For  he 
saw  it  was  the  one  great  valuable 
thing  in  life  which  the  wealth  of  the 
world  cannot  buy.  H.  w.  c. 


y.'HEN  you  write  ^advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


. . IllHIH 

...lilJWJll.,, - - 

.......  .JuhI, . 

tel 

£  J 

h.0 

Here  19  the  clinching  conclusive  proof 
that  Louden’*  Dairy  Barn  Equipment* 
are  the  best  in  the  world. 

More  of  the  big,  successful  barns — those 
that  are  run  by  a  definite  system  where 
costs  are  known  to  a  cent  and  the  profit  percent  mast 
keep  climbing — more  of  these  barns  all  over  America 
arc  equipped  with  Louden  Tools  than  with  all  other 
makes  combined. 

You  are  farming  for  the  money  you  make  — get  on  the 
profit-making  side  of  the  fence. 

Louden’*  Indestructible  Tubular  Steel  Stanchions 
keep  the  cows  all  lined  up  without  in  any  way  restrict¬ 
ing  their  morementa  or  comfort — they  can  even  lick 
their  flanks.  No  corners  or  edges  to  irritate  and  col¬ 
lect  dirt,  l.atch  can  bo  operated  with  one  gloved  hand. 
Can  be  hung  in  homemnde  wooden  frames  if  desired. 

Louden’*  Sanitary  Steel  Stalls  secure  perfect  light 
and  ventilation  in  every  part  of  the  barn,  and  make  it 
easy  to  keep  sweet  and  clean. 

Louden’*  Equipments  include  also  Feed  and  Litter 
Carriers,  running  on  overhead  tracks;  complete  Hay 
Tools,  and  Louden’*  famous  Bird  Proof  Barn  Door 
Hangers.  See  them  at  your  dealers  or 
write  us  direct.  Catalog  and 
valuable  books  on  barn 
management  free. 

LOUDEN 

Machinery  Co., 


1  601  Broadway,/ 

Iuttir/ 

IFairfield,  lowaf 

Two  Big  Dairy  Shows  Prove 
Leadership  of  James  Barn  Equipment 


At  the  International  Dairy  Show  in  Milwaukee  and  at  the 
National  Dairy  Show  in  Chicago  a  report  of  all  cattle  exhibitors 
as  to  kind  of  barn  equipment  used  in  their  barns  at  home  showed 
an  overwhelming  majority  using  the  James. 

Here  is  what  we  learned : 


.TCUkhlhC 


At  Milwaukee  Show 

5096  of  all  cattle  exhibitors  had 
Janies  Equipment  in  their  bams  at 
home;  a  few  had  stalls  or  stanchions 
manufactured  by  our  competitors— * 
the  others  used  home  made. 

Of  all  exhibitors  using  any  patent 
stalls  or  stanchions. 

SO  ft  Use  the  James. 


At  Chicago  Show 

49ft  of  all  cattle  exhibitors  had 
James  Equipment  in  their  barns  at 
home;  a  few  had  stalls  or  stanchions 
manufactured  by  our  competitors — 
the  others  use  home  made. 

Of  all  exhibitors  using  any  manu¬ 
factured  stanchions  or  stalls, 

83  ft  Uso  the  Jamos. 


This  remarkable  record  proves  conclusively  and  beyond  any  shadow  of  a 
doubt  that  a  big  preference  exists  for  James  Sanitary  Barn  Equipment 
among  the  practical  dairy  farmers  of  the  country.  These  dairy  farmers  are 
breeders  of  prize-winning  6tock  and  know  the  importance  of  the  rig.  t  care 
of  valuable  animals  and  the  proper  barn  equipment  to  use.  So  the  majority 
chose  the 

James  Sanitary  Barn  Equipment 

Includes  Stalls,  Stanchions.  Bull  Pens.  CalfPens.  Box  Stalls,  c.  Carriers 


It  has  patented  features  that  reduce  bam 
work  one-half,  in.cleaningthe  stalls  and  car¬ 
ing  for  the  cows.  And  besides,  the  cleaner 
stalls  and  barns  increase  the  yield  and  im¬ 
prove  the  quality  of  the  milk.  These  features 
eave  enough  on  feed  and  labor  to  pay  for  the 


whole  equipment  in  a  year.  Investigate  and 
see  how  the  Alignment  Device — the  "Steer 
Right”  Devices — the  Double  Chain  Hanger 
and  the  Self-Cleaning  Manger  mean  less  work 
and  more  profit  to  you  and  additional  com¬ 
fort,  freedom  and  protection  to  your  stock. 


The  Improved  James  Carriers 

Carrier  perfection  is  now  reached  by  the  new  improved  James  Carriers.  Put  all  other  carriers 
years  behind.  Has  many  improved  features.  Is 
stronger,  bigger  and  heavier.  The  simplest, 
most  durable,  convenient  and  efficient 
1  carriers  in  existence.  Get 
the  details  of  their  su  •  .rr.rinriniTH 

perior  construction. 

a?: 


FREE 


Send  at  once  for  special  Cata-  ~ 

log  describing  James  Stalls  and 
Stanchions — also  ask  for  booklet  about 
the  new  improved  James  Carriers.  Both  are 
free.  The  Barn  Equipment  used  by  owners  of  prize¬ 
winning  stock  is  the  only  kind  good  enough  for  you. 

Write  today. 

KENT  MFG.  CO.,  3830  Cane  St.,  Fort  Atkinson,  Wis. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


11. IT 


Ruralisms 

Growing  Cannas  From  Seed. 

II.  J.  M.,  Amityville,  N.  Y. — Is  there  any 
book  procurable  on  the  propagation  of  Can¬ 
nas  from  seed? 

Ans. — We  do  not  know  any  book  de¬ 
voted  exclusively  to  Canna  culture. 
Raising  them  from  seed  is  a  simple  pro¬ 
cess.  The  seeds  usually  germinate 
slowly,  or  not  at  all,  unless  the  hard 
covering  is  cut  or  filed,  or  soaked  in 
warm  water  until  softened.  After  this 
preparation  they  germinate  quickly.  Sow 
late  in  Winter,  in  pots  or  shallow 
boxes,  with  good  bottom  heat  in  a 
greenhouse,  or,  under  domestic  condi¬ 
tions,  in  a  warm  window.  As  they 
grow  prick  out,  and  give  plenty  of 
room.  Cannas  are  commonly  propa¬ 
gated  by  dividing  the  rootstock,  leaving 
as  much  tissue  as  possible  with  each 
bud.  Start  in  pots  in  the  house  or  un¬ 
der  glass.  Stronger  plants  are  secured 
by  using  more  than  one  bud. 

Baby  Rambler  Roses. 

L.  J.  T.,  Barnards,  N.  Y. — I  saw  a 
Baby  Rambler  rose  grown  in  the  house  re¬ 
cently.  I  supposed  you  always  had  to  set 
them  out.  Do  you  think  them  good  bouse 
plants? 

Ans. — 1.  The  little  Polyantha  roses 
known  as  Baby  Ramblers  are  very 
easily  cared  for  in  the  house  if  condi¬ 
tions  are  congenial.  Like  all  roses,  they 
require  abundant  light  and  pure  air, 
and  are  impatient  of  the  dry  heat  char¬ 
acteristic  of  many  living  rooms  in  Win¬ 
ter.  We  do  not  usually  recommend  roses 
as  Winter  house  plants,  because  the 
fluctuating  temperature,  combined  with 
intervals  of  too  great  heat  and  dryness, 
often  cause  loss  of  leaves  and  resultant 
failure.  However,  the  Baby  Ramblers 
are  quite  likely  to  be  attractive ;  they 
are  often  forced  by  florists  for  Winter 
pot  plants.  They  appear  to  have  a  value 
outside  in  dry  and  arid  situations  which 
we  had  hardly  realized.  We  heard  re¬ 
cently  of  a  space  of  a  hundred  feet  or 
more  where  the  red  Baby  Rambler 
(Mine.  Norbert  Levavasseur)  had  been 
planted  along  a  terrace,  inside  a  retain¬ 
ing  wall,  and  though  a  very  dry  and 
exposed  place  the  little  rose  bloomed 
continuously  through  the  Summer,  mak¬ 
ing  a  brilliant  show. 

Stock  for  Grafting  Pears. 

J.  C.,  Marlboro,  N.  Y. — Is  it  practical  to 
graft  Buerre  Bose  pears  on  Kieffer  stock  ? 
I  intend  to  plant  in  the  Spring,  and  would 
like  to  know  what  variety  to  graft  Bose 
pears  on. 

Ans. — As  a  general  rule,  the  best  way 
to  raise  a  pear  tree  is  to  bud  the  va¬ 
riety  desired  into  a  natural  seedling. 
The  proportion  of  pear  grafting  com¬ 
pared  with  budding  is  very  small  as 
practiced  in  the  nurseries  of  the  coun¬ 
try.  The  nurserymen  plant  out  one- 
year-old  natural  pear  seedlings  and  bud 
them  in  July  of  the  same  year.  Any 
variety  may  be  budded  into  these  seed¬ 
lings,  and  the  scions  for  the  purpose 
may  be  cut  from  a  young  tree,  or  from 
trees  of  bearing  age.  However,  Buerre 
Bose  does  not  make  up  well  as  a  young 
tree,  and  it  is  hard  to  produce  straight 
good-looking  trees  of  this  variety.  This 
is  true  whether  they  are  grafted  or 
budded.  It  is  doubtless  understood  in 
this  connection  that  grafting  is  done  by 
uniting  a  piece  of  the  scion  of  any  de¬ 
sired  variety  to  the  root  of  the  natural 
seedling.  These  grafts  are  made  inside 
in  the  Winter  time.  Buds,  on  the  other 
hand,  are  inserted  when  the  scions  are 
ripe  in  the  Summer,  and  the  operation 
consists  in  merely  cutting  out  one  eye 
from  a  scion  and  slipping  it  under  the 
bark  of  the  seedling  while  it  is  grow¬ 
ing.  Since  Beurre  Bose  is  a  poor 
grower,  it  is  not  only  practicable  but 
highly  desirable  to  graft  it  on  to  some 
yearling  tree  about  two  feet  from  the 
ground.  The  height  will  depend  on 
whether  the  planter  wants  the  tree  high 
or  low  headed.  The  Kieffer  pear  is  a 
fine  grower,  and  a  Kieffer  bud  properly 
top-grafted  to  Beurre  Bose  will  throw 
up  a  fine  tree  of  this  latter  variety. 
Nurserymen  as  a  rule  do  not  practice 
this  method  of  propagating  Beurre  Bose 
or  varieties  of  that  kind,  but  the  fruit 
grower  who  can  give  the  matter  all  the 
necessary  attention  and  care  may  do  so 
with  profit.  There  is  no  better  stock 
for  the  purpose  than  the  Kieffer. 

M.  K. 


Destroying  Sow  Bugs. 

Sow  bugs,  or  wood  lice,  are  sometimes 
a  great  nuisance  in  cold  frames  or  hot¬ 
beds,  as  well  as  in  greenhouses,  eating 
off  the  succulent  growth,  and  at  times 
causing  much  damage.  Mr.  Frank  Felke 
of  Illinois  writes  the  Florists’  Review 
that  these  creatures  (they  are  not  in¬ 
sects,  but  crustaceans,  belonging  to  the 
same  family  as  lobsters),  are  very  fond 
of  rye  flour,  and  he  uses  this  to  poison 
them.  He  mixes  two  parts  of  rye  flour, 
two  parts  of  sugar  and  one  part  Paris 
green,  only  mixing  as  much  as  he  in¬ 
tends  to  use  at  one  time,  as  it  deterior¬ 
ates  with  keeping.  The  mixture  must 
be  dry  and  free  from  lumps,  or  it  Is 
unpalatable  to  the  sow  bugs.  It  is  scat¬ 
tered  along  the  top  of  the  board  edging 
the  bench,  if  in  a  greenhouse,  or  may 
be  laid  on  strips  of  wood  in  frame  or 
hotbed.  Mr.  Felke  says  it  kills  a  sur¬ 
prising  number  of  the  sow  bugs;  in  a 
single  night  there  are  more  dead  ones 
than  the  gardener  would  imagine  he  hacf 
on  his  whole  place. 

The  Peruvian  Rain  Tree. 

Strange  legends  of  a  South  American 
tree  which  may  be  described  (without 
intending  a  pun)  as  a  natural  irrigating 
plant  go  the  rounds  of  the  press  from 
time  to  time.  One  of  these  rosy  stories 
tells  how  this  tree  collects  the  damp¬ 
ness  of  the  atmosphere  and  condenses 
it  into  rain,  each  tree  yielding  an  aver¬ 
age  of  nine  gallons  a  day.  It  sounds 
very  hopeful  as  a  means  of  irrigating 
truck  crops;  just  set  a  few  rain  trees 
in  the  onion  bed  and  laugh  at  the 
drought.  Unfortunately  Acting  Secre¬ 
tary  W.  M.  Hays  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  takes  the  color  out  of  this 
rainbow.  He  says : 

The  legend  of  the  rain  tree  is  hundreds 
of  years  old,  and  exists  in  a  variety  of 

forms.  The  suggestion  to  use  this  tree  as 
a  means  of  irrigation  in  arid  climes  is  also 
very  old,  and  goes  the  rounds  of  the  news¬ 
papers  from  time  to  time.  An  article  pub¬ 
lished  in  the  April,  1911,  number  of  the 
Journal  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture 
of  Victoria  (Australia),  pages  234  to  235, 
indicates  that  a  so-called  rain  tree  is  being 
widely  exploited  and  sold  in  Australia.  It 
is  found  to  be  no  more  efficacious  in  con¬ 
densing  the  atmospheric  moisture  than  any 
other  freely  growing  tree.  An  explanation 
of  the  common  tale  of  the  Peruvian  rain 
tree  was  published  by  the  eminent  English 
botanist,  W.  T.  Thiselton  Dyer,  in  Nature, 
volume  17,  1878,  pages  349  to  350.  It 
appears  that  at  times  swarms  of  cicadas 
settle  upon  the  trees  and  extract  their 
juices,  which  are  showered  copiously  upon 
the  ground. 


MIDDLEDITCH  Keroscnc 


ENGINES 


Operate  perfectly  on  common 
coal  oil,  gasoline,  distillate, 
alcohol  or  any  similar  liquid 
fuel.  Our  catalog  explains 
why  this  is  safest,  simplest, 
most  economical  and  prac¬ 
tical  power.. 

Genuine  Free  Trial 

If  it  doesn’t  satisfy  you  in 
every  way  the  trial  costs 
nothing.  Don’tinvest  inany 
engine  until  you  get  our 
proposition.  Write  for  it  now. 

THE  MIDDLED  ITCH  ENGINE  CO. 

29  Meldrum  Ave.,  Detroit,  Mich. 


Bigger  Profits 
With  This  Power 


More  work  at  less  expense  and  less  repair' 
cost  than  with  any  other  engine  made.  Let  us* 
proveit.  Write  for  Free  Leffel  Book.  Youaronotl 
prepared  to  buy  until  you  get  our  proposition. 

Leffel 

Steam 


Eng 


ines 

are  the  simplest, 
most  durable,  and 
economical  power 
outfits  made.  Large 
variety  of  uses.  No 
breakdowns,  no  de¬ 
lays.  Don’t  decide 
on  any  outfit  until 
you  get  the  LEFFEL; 
FREE  BOOK. 

Address 
James  LefTel  Sc  Co. 
Box26 1  Springfield, 


Kill  the 
Scale 

with  the  one  most  re¬ 
liable  remedy  against 
the  San  Jose  Scale. 

Spray  NOW  with 

BOWKER’S 

LIME-SULPHUR 


Write  for  Book  and  Price  List  to 

BOWKER  INSECTICIDE  CO. 


SPRAY  TREES  NOW 

( While  they  are  dormant) 

With  SCALIME 

A  perfect  concentrated  lime  and  sulphur 
spray  that  has  stood  the  severest  tests  of  the 
experiment  stations.  Strength  guaranteed. 
Being  scientifically  prepared  and  always  uni¬ 
form,  it  is  far  more  effective  than  home-made 
solutions.  Stronger  titan  other  brands,  it 
will  stand  more  dilution — therefore  cheaper. 

SCALIME  used  nowwill  positively  control  San 
Jose  and  other  scales;  destroy  eggs  of  Aphides 
and  other  pests  that  winter  over  on  twigs  and 
bark,  as  well  as  spores  of  fungus  diseases. 

Sold  by  gooil  dealers  everywhere.  Write 
for  leaflet  on  Fall  and  Winter  Spraying. 

HORTICULTURAL  CHEMICAL  COMPANY 

131  S.  Fourth  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


TRigs  of 
All  Sizes 
For  All  Uses 


The  Leader  Sprayer 

for  up-to-date  orchard- 
tsts  keeps  10  nozzles  go¬ 
ing  with  200  lbs.  pres¬ 
sure.  Most  satisfactory 
of  all  orchard  spray  rigs. 

Engine  suited  to  gener¬ 
ating  power  for  all  farm 
work.  Bucket,  Barret, 

Mounted  4-Row  Potato 
Sprayers,  otc.  Free 
catalogue  describes  en¬ 
tire  line.  Write  for  it. 

Also  spraying  formula, 
calendar  and  complete 
spraying  directions. 

Address 

FIELD  FORCE  PUMP  CO.,  2  11th  St.,  Elmira.  N.Y. 


1 1 M  J 1  fl  h  l  \  i  U  i  h  t  \  t  b  i  h  l  b  i  h  J  b  }  f,  i  h  ?  r,  H  g 

inn  mi  ii  ii  ii  min  mill  mill  i  i 

tJWWMCMPMPACWWMtW'iPiil 


BT  ET  M  f*  ET  For  Lawns,  Churches,  Cemeteries,  Pub- 
rtllvt  lie  Grounds.  100  Patterns.  Write  for 
special  offer  and  our  free  handsome  Pattern  Book. 

THE  WARD  FENCE  CO..  Box  045  Decatur,  Ind. 


GREAT  CROP  RESULTS 

from  the  use  of  Martin’s  Animal  Bone  and  Tankage 
Fertilizers  force  us  to  operate  a  third  factory;  total 
capacity,  200,000  tons.  Seven  large  abattoirs  and 
stockyards  furnish  the  bulk  of  our  raw  materials. 
Agents  and  farmers  constantly  assure  us  that  our 
fertilizers  give  the  best  results  of  any  ever  tested 
and  that  they  sell  more  than  of  any  ever  handled. 
Agents  and  farmers  wanting  strictly  independent 
animal  matter  fertilizers,  with  exclusive  selling 
erritory.  should  arrange  with  us  NOW. 

D.  B,  MARTIN  GO.  building  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE- 


.  .  .  MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY  .  ,  . 

*Ihe  Rogers  <5*  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Send  for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  “  Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


Dollars  Take 
The  Place  of 
Stumps 

$750  extra  crop-profits  every  year  on 
40  acres  and  double  value  of  land  when 
stumps  are  pulled  out.  Let  us  prove 
it.  Write  now  for  new,  fine,  free  book 
showing  testimony  of  Hercules  Stump- 
Puller  owners.  See  actual  photos  of 
3-foot  stumps  pulled  in  less  than  5  min¬ 
utes.  All  steel,  means  unbreakable 
strength— triple  power,  means  terrific 
pull.  More  pull  them  a  tractor.  The 

HERCULES 

All-Steol  Triple  Power 

Stump  Puller 

Sold  on  30  days’  free  trial— all  broken  cast¬ 
ings  replaced  free  any  time  within  3  years. 
Double  safety  ratchets  insure  safety  of 
men  and  team.  Careful  machining  and 
turning  of  parts  means  long  life  and  light 
draft.  00%  lighter  in  weight  and  400% 
stronger  than  any  cast  iron  or  “semi-steel” 
puller  made.  Get  the  genuine  Hercules — 
save  money— prevent  danger.  Can  be  used 
single,  double  or  triple  power. 

Book  Free  and 
Special  Proposition 

Read  astounding  profit-facts  and  figures 
in  free  book.  See  many  letters  ana  pho¬ 
tographs.  Read  about  best  crops  to  plant 
in  virgin  land  where  stumps  stood.  Read 
how  others  do  contract  stump-pulling  for 
neighbors  or  rent  machine  at  a  profit. 
Then  note  special  low  introductory  price 
to  first  5,000  buyers  in  different  localities. 
Mall  postal  right  now  or  takedown  name 
and  address. 


Hercules 
Mfjgr.  Com 
Centerville, 


130  nth 
Street 


HITSELMAN  FENCE 

Sold  direct  to  you  at  factory 
prices  on  30  days  trial.  Savo 
tho  dealers  pront.  Farm,  Hog 
and  Poultry  Fence  at  from 

1  1)4  CENTS  A  ROD  UP. 

All  wires  are  heavily  galvanized 
80  rod  spool  of  Ideal  galvanized 
Barbed  Wire  $1.40.  Wrlto 
to-day  for  large  free  Catalog  showing 
100  different  styles  and  heights  of  fencing 

Box  230  KITSELMAN  BROS.  MUNCIE,  IND. 

Cream  Separator  Agents  and 
Dealers  Catering  to  the  Farm  Trade 

A  splendid  paying  side  line  awaits  you.  Exclus¬ 
ive  territory  and  private  publicity  matter  fur¬ 
nished.  A  letter  brings  full  details.  Write  quick. 

V.S.C.  Co.,  226  High  Ave.,  Cleveland,  Ohio 


WISHER  STEEL  HAND  CART 


Platform  hangs  low ; rides  level. 
Will  hold  four  40-qt..  milk  cans. 
Tips  forward  like  warehouse 
tnick.  W  ill  tu  rn  clear  over  to 
dump  load.  Fitted  with  large 
body  for  farmers. 

.  .  .  Write  for  Prices  .  .  . 

WISNER  MFG.  CO.. 

230  Greenwich  St.,  New  York 


Low-Down  Steel  Wheel  Wagons 

Are  fast  replacing  the  high  farm  wagons  for 
general  farm  work.  The  reason  is  plain.  The 
Low-Down  wagon  makes  easier  work  for  the 
man  anti  no  harder  for  the  team.  One  man 
can  do  most  of  his  farm  work  alone  with  the 
Low-Down  wagon.  Get  our  free  catalogue. 
HAVANA  METAL  WHEEL  CO.,  BOX  17  HAVANA,  ILL. 


800  GALLONS 
OR 

1500  GALLONS? 

it  to  any  It.  R.  Station  in 
$16.00;  10-gal.  cans,  $6.75  ; 


A  few  years  ago  the  N.  Y.  Experiment  Station  started  out  to  prove  that  “Scalecide”  was  too  expensive,  but  they 
found  that  in  orchard  work  9  gals,  of  “Scalecide”  went  as  far  as  17  gals,  of  Lime-Sulfur.  This  being  the  case,  a  barrel 
of  “Scalecide”  which  makes  800  gals,  of  spray  at  the  strongest  strength,  will  go  as  far  and  do  better  work  than  1500 
gals,  of  Lime-Sulfur  spray,  which  will  require  3)4  barrelsof  the  best  Lime-Sulfur.  TheMissouri  Experiment  Station 
reports  that  “Scalecide”  killed  100#  of  scale  In  5  out  of  7  tests.  Lime  Sulfur  did  not  do  it  once  in  10 tests  in  the  same 
orchard.  “Scalecide”  has  greater  fungicidal  properties  than  Lime-Sulfur  as  a  Winter  wash.  Apostal  request  to 
Dept.“N”  will  bring  by  return  mail,  free,  our  book,  “Modern  Methods  of  Harvesting,  Grading  and  Packing  Apples,” 
and  new  booklet,  “  Scalecide— the  Tree-Saver.”  If  your  dealer  cannot  supply  you  with  “Scalecide.”  we  will  deliver 
the  U.  S.  east  of  the  Mississippi  and  north  of  the  Ohio  Rivers  on  receipt  of  price.  50-gal.  bbls.,  $25.00;  30-gal.  bbls., 
5-gal  cans,  $3.75.  Address,  B.  G.  Pratt  Company,  50  Church  Street,  New  York  City. 


11  38 

The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BV8INE88  FARMER'S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes 

Established  I860 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing:  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 

Hkrbeut  W,  Colunowood,  President  and  Editor. 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  11  its.  E.  T.  Roylk,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 
To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  $2.04.  equal  to  8s.  Cd.,  or 

8Ji  marks,  or  10K  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line — 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 

References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  ns  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

Wo  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a  respon- 
Biblo  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting' any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  trilling'  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  bo 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  tie  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  mentioned  Thk  Rural  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 

TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

In  Germany  the  railroad  freight  rates  on  grain  and 
feed  have  been  reduced.  Reason — farmers  proved 
that  prices  were  higher  while  needs  were  greater. 
Germany  is  a  monarchy.  We  live  in  a  Republic.  Our 
prices  and  needs  are  in  much  the  same  condition  as  in 
Germany — but  has  anyone  heard  of  lower  freight 
rates  in  consequence? 

* 

The  National  Grange  is  in  session  at  Columbus, 
Ohio.  It  has  come  to  a  crisis  in  its  history.  The 
leaders  of  such  organizations  must  at  some  time  show 
true  courage  and  genuine  self-sacrifice  if  they  are 
honestly  working  for  the  cause.  Left  as  it  is  the  Na¬ 
tional  Grange  will  become  a  by-word  and  a  farce  so 
far  as  its  public  influence  goes.  If  it  be  cleaned  up 
and  reformed  along  progressive  lines  it  may  yet  be 
what  it  should  be — the  great  vital  champion  and. 
leader  for  our  farmers.  Every  farmer  in  the  country 
whether  he  be  a  Patron  or  not,  is  interested  in  the 
struggle  at  Columbus. 

* 

Our  “story  of  a  farm  day”  this  week  comes  from 
Fairbanks,  Alaska.  Just  to  show  how  widely  The  R. 
N.-Y.  is  spread  over  the  world,  we  shall  have  an¬ 
other  from  northern  Patagonia.  Across  the  water 
we  have  readers  all  the  way  from  far  up  toward  the 
north  of  Sweden  to  the  lower  end  of  New  Zealand 
and  the  south  point  of  Africa.  We  have  asked  some 
of  these  foreign  readers  why  they  take  The  R.  N.-Y. 
The  answer  usually  is  that  they  desire  to  keep  in 
(ouch  with  the  spirit  and  practice  of  American  farm¬ 
ing.  After  trying  many  papers  they  conclude  that 
The  R.  N.-Y.  best  expresses  what  they  want  to  keep 
in  mind.  To  come  back  to  this  Alaskan  farm  story. 
The  most  impressive  exhibit  at  the  recent  Land  Show 
was  that  made  by  Alaska  in  farm  products  and  min¬ 
erals.  No  one  claims  that  they  can  raise  bananas  or 
figs  up  there,  but  the  grain,  grass  and  vegetables 
were  very  fine.  We  stick  to  the  prophecy  that  our 
children  are  likely  to  see  a  city  as  large  as  Pittsburgh 
located  on  the  Alaskan  coast  with  the  country  back  of 
it  supplying  a  good  share  of  its  food. 

•A.  a 

The  California  election  gave  a  new  illustration  of 
the  solid  power  of  the  country  voters.  The  day  after 
election  news  was  flashed  over  the  world  that  Cali¬ 
fornia  had  rejected  woman’s  suffrage.  The  vote  from 
San  Francisco  and  most  other  cities  indicated  that  re¬ 
sult.  “ Wait  until  you  hear  from  the  farmers!'’  said 
the  other  side.  Their  confidence  was  justified,  for  the 
rural  communities  slowly  cut  down  the  majority  of 
the  cities,  and  finally  overturned  it.  The  same  in 
Maine.  Day  after  election  the  nation  was  confronted 
everywhere  by  great  headlines  announcing  that  the 
“wets”  had  carried  Maine.  “Wait  till  you  hear  from 
the  farmers !”  Again  the  rural  vote  as  it  came  in 
overcame  the  town  majority  and  kept  Maine  “dry.” 

A  few  years  ago  New  Jersey  voted  on  the  racetrack 
gambling  proposition.  For  two  days  after  the  elec¬ 
tion  the  figures  indicated  that  the  gamblers  had  won. 
Finally  the  rural  vote  came  in  and  turned  the  city 
vote  over  and  drove  these  gamblers  out  of  the  State. 
We  could  give  dozens  of  instances  from  history  of 
the  same  sort.  Whenever  there  is  a  moral  question 
at  issue  and  it  can  he  made  clear,  the  country  voters 
can  be  depended  on  to  put  it  through.  It  may  be  no 
compliment  to  “civilization,”  but  the  city  vote-  can 
never  be  expected  to  support  and  stand  by  a  moral 
reform.  That  is  one  of  the  things  we  must  look  to 
the  country  for. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

The  great  Land  and  Irrigation  Show  in  New  York 
brought  out  a  wonderful  display  of  farm  products. 
No  one  who  attended  could  fail  to  see  the  object  of 
this  exhibition.  It  was  evidently  financed  and  di¬ 
rected  by  the  great  Western  railroads  in  the  expecta¬ 
tion  of  selling  land  and  attracting  settlers.  When 
New  York  State  appropriated  $10,000  for  an  exhibit 
at  this  show  some  farmers  objected.  As  it  turned 
out  this  was  a  wise  investment.  Right  in  the  midst 
of  the  wonders  of  that  Western  display  New  York  put 
up  an  unanswerable  argument  in  the  evidence  of  qual¬ 
ity,  market  advantages  and  fair  priced  land.  New 
England  came,  too,  with  similar  arguments,  and  they 
were  convincing.  The  attendance  was  not  as  large 
as  was  expected  and  as  a  “lure”  for  the  Far  West 
the  show  should  be  pronounced  a  failure.  The  argu¬ 
ment,  after  a  fair  and  strong  contest  of  exhibits,  was 
that  a  back-to-the-lander  will  do  better  to  take  land 
of  moderate  price  within  reach  of  buyers.  We  like  to 
see  New  York  and  the  East  generally  go  right  into 
these  contests  of  comparison  and  deliver  the  goods. 

* 

During  the  session  of  the  New  York  State  Agricul¬ 
tural  Society  meeting  in  Albany  last  January  a  sug¬ 
gestion  was  made  in  harmony  with  the  long  insistance 
of  The  R.  N.-Y.  that  some  one  practical  thing  be 
done  to  get  producer  and  consumer  closer  together, 
with  a  view  of  cutting  out  the  middleman  and  secur¬ 
ing  for  the  producer  a  fairer  share  of  the  consumer’s 
dollar,  at  the  same  time  helping  the  consumer  to  re¬ 
ceive  better  value  for  his  dollar.  At  that  time  it 
seemed  that  the  activities  of  a  New  York  City  com¬ 
mittee  promised  an  opportunity  to  do  something  along 
this  line  with  the  milk  supply  which  the  committee 
proposed  to  handle.  A  committee  was  provided  for, 
but  for  various  reasons  the  suggestion  has  not  as  yet 
developed  any  results. 

Commissioner  Pearson  has,  however,  crystallized 
the  idea  into  one  of  the  most  important  departures  in 
regard  to  State  affairs,  and  he  has  made  a  precedent 
which  must  be  far-reaching  in  its  effects.  He  has  not 
only  carried  it  far  beyond  the  original  suggestion,  but 
he  has  applied  it  in  practice  so  as  to  give  an  object 
lesson  not  only  to  the  State  of  New  York,  but  to  the 
whole  country.  The  public  institutions  under  the  con¬ 
trol  of  the  fiscal  agent  of  the  State  buy  large  quan¬ 
tities  of  farm  produce.  Heretofore  this  has  been 
furnished  by  wholesalers,  so  that  the  produce  of  the 
farms  went  through  one  or  more  middlemen  before  it 
reached  the  State  institutions.  The  Commissioner 
recognized  the  opportunity  here;  and  farm  produce 
for  these  State  institutions  is  now  bought  direct  from 
the  producer  in  car  lots  wherever  it  is  possible  to 
do  so.  Some  of  the  farm  organizations  which  have 
received  these  orders  and  furnish  the  produce  are 
gratified  with  the  new  order  of  things.  This  is  an 
important  beginning.  If  followed  up,  it  is  capable  of 
great  development.  To  make  direct  trade  effective, 
however,  there  must  be  some  standard  for  grading 
produce,  and  this  must  be  done  by  the  producers  and 
their  local  Granges  or  other  organizations.  'It  seems 
to  us  that  the  entire  force  of  the  farmers’  institute 
workers  might  well  be  devoted  to  this  work.  Clubs 
and  committees  are  being  formed  in  the  cities  to  buy 
table  supplies  at  wholesale  in  order  to  reduce  the 
high  cost  of  living.  With  Granges  and  other 
local  clubs  of  producers  organized  to  furnish  graded 
goods  of  uniform  quality  direct  trade  could  be  readily 
established  with  profit  to  both  the  producer  and  con¬ 
sumer.  Without  graded  goods,  the  trade  would  be 
impossible  of  development.  Commissioner  Pearson 
has  made  a  good  start,  and  producers  should  encour¬ 
age  any  efforts  he  makes  for  further  development  of 
direct  trade  with  the  consumer. 

* 

“It  lias  been  difficult  to  send  the  rich  to  jail.  The 
judges  evidently  think  they  should  have  plenty  of  warning, 
and  in  case  after  case  of  this  kind  I  have  howled  in  vain 
for  jail  sentences.  There  was  a  certain  gentleman  con¬ 
victed  of  smuggling.  This  gentleman  was  once  Governor 
of  a  State.  In.  his  campaign  he  stumped  that  State  bel¬ 
lowing  for  a  protective  tariff.  That  was  the  issue  upon 
which  he  based  his  fight.  Yet  he  tried  to  evade  the  duty 
on  some  if  11,000  of  goods  lie  brought  in.  lie  was  cauglit 
in  the  attempt  and  1  did  my  best  to  have  him  sent  to  the 
penitentiary.  I  urged  that  he  be  made  an  example  of.  but 
the  judge  let  him  off  witli  fines  and  penalties.  Yet  a  little 
later  a  poor  Greek  convicted  of  the  same  crime  was  sent 
to  Blackwell's  Island  for  nine  months.” 

There  surely  is  cause  for  a  blessed  Thanksgiving 
when  a  United  States  District  Attorney  can  stand  up 
in  a  public  meeting  and  say  that.  We  should  be 
doubly  thankful  when  it  can  not  only  he  said  but  pub¬ 
licly  reported.  The  speaker  was  District  Attorney 
Henry  A.  Wise.  He  was  telling  the  New  York 
jewellers  about  his  efforts  to  prevent  smuggling  here 
in  New  York.  The  high  tariff  law  declares  that  when¬ 
ever  a  person  evades  payment  of  the  duty  on  im¬ 
ported  goods  he  is  guilty  of  a  crime.  Again  and 
again  the  men  who  fastened  the  tariff  upon  the  coun- 


November  25, 

try  are  caught  smuggling,  or  their  women  try  to 
sneak  clothing  and  jewels  through  the  custom  house! 
Perhaps  they  think  the  nation  ought  to  give  them  a 
free  ticket  because  they  made  the  tariff  possible!  Mr. 
Wise  says  he  has  begged  and  fought  to  have  these 
rich  rascals  sent  to  jail.  Federal  judges  have  let  them 
off  with  fines,  ofttimes  ridiculously  low,  while  poor 
men,  who  but  imitate  the  rich,  are  put  behind  the 
bars.  They  did  send  one  rich  woman  to  jail,  and  that 
attended  to  the  women  for  a  time.  This  ex-Governor 
of  New  Hampshire  ought  to  have  gone  to  jail — not  to 
have  soft  raiment  and  fine  food  brought  in  to  him! 
We  would  have  fed  him  on  bean  soup,  potatoes  and 
bread,  with  the  soft  side  of  a  straw  tick  for  a  bed. 
That  would  have  done  more  to  shut  off  snnTggling 
than  $1,000,000  in  fines.  And  how  it  would  have  glad¬ 
dened  the  hearts  of  the  American  people  to  realize 
that  there  is  one  square-toed  law  for  rich  and  poor 
alike!  Now  and  then  some  man  comes  along  won¬ 
dering  why  people  ever  want  to  “recall”  judges!  This 
demand  does  not  originate  with  the  people,  but  is 
caused  by  the  judges  who  fail  to  do  their  duty  in 
such  cases  as  Mr.  Wise  describes.  The  man  on  the 
bench  may  well  be  cautious,  but  he  should  not  be  a 
coward. 

* 

Could  you  give  me  any  information  as  to  home  indus¬ 
tries  that  would  work  in  with  fruit  raising,  to  occupy 
some  leisure  time  in  the  Winter,  such  as  broom  making, 
basket  making,  carpet  and  rug  weaving  from  carpet  rags? 

Michigan.  R.  c. 

If  we  could  only  answer  that  question  satisfactorily 
we  could  bring  a  genuine  thanksgiving  to  thousands 
of  country  homes.  The  writer  was  brought  up  on  a 
little  farm  where  Winters  were  spent  pegging  shoes, 
braiding  straw  hats  or  husk  mats,  or  making  cheap 
clothing.  This  brought  in  cash,  and  made  Winter  as 
profitable  as  Summer.  That  work  has  now  all  cen¬ 
tered  in  towns,  and  that  is  the  chief  reason  why  many 
boys  and  girls  have  left  the  farm.  What  can  the 
women  and  the  young  people  do  to  turn  their  Winter 
labor  into  cash?  Here  we  have  one  of  the  greatest 
needs  of  the  time.  Can  anyone  meet  it? 

* 

Thanksgiving  ! 

Every  week  and  every  day  of  the  year  should  mean 
a  time  for  being  thankful.  This  paper  will  be  read 
by  more  than  half  a  million  people,  yet  not  one  of 
them  can  honestly  say  he  has  nothing  to  be  thankful 
for.  Not  one  would  be  willing  to  give  up  his  own 
identity  entirely.  He  may  at  times  begrudge  another 
the  wealth  or  beauty  or  power  with  which  he  has 
been  blessed — but  who  would  take  these  things  if  he 
must  al  assume  the  faults  and  mean  qualities  which 
usually  go  with  them?  The  R.  N.-Y.  is  mighty  thank¬ 
ful.  We  grow.  Two  years  ago  we  thought  it  worth 
talking  about  that  52  issues  gave  us  a  “book  of  1,000 
pages.”  T  his  year  with  half  a  dozen  more  issues  yet 
to  come  we  have  1148  pages.  We  have  friends.  In  all 
the  world  of  journalism  there  arc  no  such  newspaper 
friends  as  those  who  take  The  R.  N.-Y.  They  all 
belong  to  the  family.  Their  friendship  enables  us  to 
go  straight  at  things  without  beating  around  the  bush 
or  waiting  to  “take  orders”  from  people  higher  up. 
We  are  not  very  strong  on  picking  out  any  particular 
day  for  crowding  in  thanks.  If  we  had  our  way  every 
one  of  you  would  live  so  that  every  day  could  be 
served  with  mental  roast  turkey  and  plum  pudding 
as  a  fair  reward  for  square  living. 


BREVITIES. 

Here  is  a  bit  of  sad  news  for  some.  The  sauerkraut 
crop  iu  Germany  is  short! 

Tell  us  this !  What  use  to  boom  New  England  as  a 
great  apple  country  when  the  wild  deer  are  protected? 

Egypt  is  coming  as  a  cotton  producing  country.  Last 
season’s  yield  was  750.000,000  pounds.  This  country 
imported  $15,289,700  worth  of  Egyptian  cotton. 

When  you  get  warmed  up  over  a  farm  by  some  real 
estate  agent  or  some  man  anxious  to  sell,  go  and  ask 
some  cold-blooded  friend  to  look  it  over  before  you  decide. 
A  cake  of  ice  on  a  burning  hope  will  do  it  good. 

“Cookixg  applps  six  pounds  for  15  cents;  eating  apples 
six  pounds  for  23  cents.”  These  arc  the  prices  now  ad¬ 
vertised  by  a  big  retail  grocer  in  New  York.  Selling 
apples  by  weight  is  much  fairer  to  the  small  buyer  than 
the  quart  or  is'ck  measure. 

From  a  single  German  township  the  sales  from  fruit 
trees  grown  on  the  public  roadsides  were  $4,906.  The 
fruit  sold  at  auction  the  proceeds  being  used  for  road 
building.  While  the  fruit  is  ripening  watchmen  patrol 
the  road  hunting  for  thieves. 

The  old  question  as  to  the  relative  influence  of  heredity 
or  environment  is  up  again.  Does  the  child  retain  the 
habits  of  its  parents  or  take  those  of  the  home  in  which 
he  is  reared?  We  would  like  to  have  our  readers  who 
have  “raised”  or  adopted  children  give  their  experience: 

The  New  York  Department  of  Agriculture  issued,  last 
year,  a  bulletin  giving  a  list  of  all  breeders  of  purebred 
stock  in  New  York.  Not  all  such  names  were  included, 
as  they  were  hard  to  obtain.  Now  a  circular  is  being 
sent  out  in  the  hope  of  getting  iho  names  to  make  this 
list  complete.  You  can  help  by  naming  breeders  to  the 
Department  at  Albany  and  answering  the  circular 
promptly. 


1911. 


THE  RURAI>  NEW-YORKER 


lias 


OTHER  PEOPLE  S  MONEY. 

Slowly  and  grudgingly  we  are  getting 
a  little  light  on  the  inner  workings  of 
the  frenzied  financial  games  of  E.  G. 
Lewis.  In  his  testimony  before  the 
Congressional  committee  in  Washing¬ 
ton,  D.  C.,  some  weeks  back,  he  said 
that  before  the  fraud  orders  were  is¬ 
sued  against  him  he  had  a  $1,000,000 
credit  at  St.  Louis  banks  and  that  he 
borrowed  that  amount  to  organize  one 
of  his  concerns.  Last  week  the  details 
came  out  before  the  same  committee 
in  St.  Louis,  and  we  learned  how  Lewis 
capitalized  his  University  Heights  Re¬ 
alty  &  Development  Company  for  $1,- 
000,000,  entirely  on  paper,  and  without 
the  actual  use  of  a  single  dollar.  The 
cashier  of  the  St.  Louis  bank  flatly  con¬ 
tradicted  Lewis,  saying  that  his  bank 
never  loaned  Lewis  a  million  dollars, 
and  that  it  would  be  unlawful  to  do  so. 
Lewis’  claim  of  credit  at  the  bank  was 
made  for  the  evident  purpose  of  show¬ 
ing  that  his  later  credit  was  impaired 
through  the  fraud  order.  To  refute  the 
banker’s  statement,  Lewis  produced 
three  draft  vouchers,  aggregating  $1,- 
000,000.  These  were  drawn  by  three  of 
the  Lewis  employes  on  one  J.  P. 
Richarz.  Here  is  the  personal  testimony 
of  Lewis : 

“I  went  to  the  officers  of  the  Bank  of 
Commerce  and  told  them  I  wished  to  comply 
with  the  law  by  paying  up  the  capital 
stock  of  the  University  Heights  Realty  & 
Development  Co.  I  told  them  that  the 
property  had  cost  .$200,000,  but  that  1 
believed  it  was  worth  $1,000,000,  and  wished 
to  capitalize  the  company  for  that  amount. 
I  asked  their  advice. 

“One  of  them  then  suggested  this  meth¬ 
od,  which  I  followed.  The  three  drafts 
were  made  out,  marked  paid,  and  deposited 
in  the  bank,  and  a  check  against  this  de¬ 
posit  was  then  made  out  and  paid  to  the 
University  Heights  Realty  Co.,  which  gave 
back  a  check  for  $1,000,000  to  the  bank. 
This  check  was  marked  paid,  and  the  trans¬ 
action  was  completed." 

“Let’s  see  about  this.”  said  Congressman 
Rcdfield  at  length.  “Did  this  man  Richarz 
ever  have  $1,000,000?” 

“Not  that  I  know  of,”  said  Lewis  blandly. 

“But,”  persisted  Rcdfield,  “this  draft  is 
made  against  an  individual  for  $1,000,000, 
and  there  must  have  been  some  such  funds.” 

"You’ll  have  to  get  a  banker  to  explain 
that,”  said  Lewis.  “It  paid  up  the  capital 
stock  according  to  law.” 

There  you  have  it.  Do  you  see  the 
trick?  A  property  cost  $200,000.  You 
want  to  capitalize  it  at  $1,000,000,  so  as 
to  sell  the  20-cent  stock  to  country 
people  for  a  dollar.  The  laws  of  the 
State  require  that  capital  stock  of  cor¬ 
porations  must  be  paid  up  in  cash.  So 
three  of  your  clerks  make  out  drafts 
for  a  million  on  a  dummy.  This  is  en¬ 
tered  to  your  credit  at  the  bank,  but 
you  cannot  draw  a  penny  against  it.  A 
check  is  made  out  to  the  Realty  Co. 
for  a  million  and  a  million  of  stock 
in  the  company  is  issued  for  it.  Then 
the  company  gives  a  check  to  the  bank 
for  $1,000,000,  and  the  bank  account  is 
closed.  Not  a  dollar  of  currency  has 
passed  hands.  Not  a  cent  of  money  or 
value  has  passed  in  or  out  of  the  bank. 
In  testimony  under  oath  this  is  what 
Mr.  Lewis  calls  borrowing  a  million 
dollars.  He  calls  it  a  million-dollar 
bank  credit.  It  has  been  reported  that 
Lewis  boasted  that  no  Legislature  could 
make  a  law  that  he  could  not  get 
around.  If  such  trickery  as  this  goes 
as  “according  to  law,”  he  stands  a  fair 
chance  of  making  good  the  boast.  Rut 
if  such  practice  is  accepted  as  comply¬ 
ing  with  the  law,  we  may  as  well  burn 
down  the  State  houses  and  send  Legis¬ 
lators  home  to  work  or  be  robbed  like 
the  rest  of  us. 

We  know  men  who  were  induced  by 
Lewis  to  mortgage  their  farms  to  get 
money  to  buy  that  stock.  But  that  is 
not  all.  Besides  capitalizing  $200,000 
worth  of  land  for  a  million,  a  mortgage 
for  a  half  million  more  or  less  was 
filed  and  the  mortgage  notes  sold 
to  country  people.  Not  satisfied 
with  this,  when  the  secured  notes  were 
exhausted,  people  who  sent  in  money 
for  the  secured  notes  got  promissory 
notes  of  the  company,  and  in  some 
cases  the  stock  of  the  company  was 
issued  in  exchange  for  money  sent  him 
for  secured  notes.  So  you  have  $1,- 
000,000  on  the  stock,  $500,000  on  the 
secured  notes,  and  about  $500,000  more 
on  promissory  notes,  making  $2,000,000 
of  paper  piled  on  top  of  his  land 
scheme.  The  Lewis  concerns  are  so 
involved  that  one  cannot  vouch  for 
these  figures  as  absolutely  accurate. 
Some  of  the  money  was  probably  used 
to  improve  the  land,  but  the  niggling 
at  the  bank,  the  inflated  stock,  and  the 
issue  of  promissory  notes  in  place  of 
mortgage  notes,  serves  well  enough  to 
illustrate  this  form  of  finance.  It  must 
be  remembered,  too,  that  Mr.  Lewis  ad¬ 
vertised  these  stocks  and  notes  as  the 
safest  and  soundest  form  of  investment. 
Now  he  tells  you  that  the  people  who 
put  their  money  into  such  things  will 
lose  it  because  the  Government  issued 
fraud  orders  against  him,  and  The 


Rural  New-Yorker  showed  up  his 
schemes.  But  the  Government  did  not 
interfere  with  this  land  scheme,  and 
The  R.  N.-Y.  referred  to  it  only  after 
he  defaulted  in  payments  of  interest 
and  principal  due  its  subscribers,  and 
taxes  due  and  unpaid.  The  company  is 
admittedly  insolvent. 

The  committee  is  getting  some  light 
on  the  Lewis  operations ;  but  in  the 
language  of  a  clear-headed  farmer,  “the 
Lewis  dupes  do  not  live  at  St.  Louis.” 
I  f  the  committee  wants  to  know  how  he 
got  the  money  he  squandered  among  his 
St.  Louis  cronies,  let  them  gj  to  coun¬ 
try  people  who  parted  with  their  life 
savings  for  his  inflated  paper  securities. 

It  has  been  intimated  that  a  majority 
of  the  Congressional  committee,  being 
Democratic,  an  effort  would  be  made 
to  clothe  Lewis  in  the  garb  of  a  martyr 
in  order  to  embarrass  the  Department 
of  Justice  and  the  Postoffice  Depart¬ 
ment,  with  a  view  to  discredit  the  Ad¬ 
ministration.  While  some  reports  from 
the  committee  room  may  lend  color  to 
the  intimation,  we  do  not  take  it  seri¬ 
ously.  There  are  some  things  that  a 
political  partisan  cannot  stand  for,  and 
the  legalized  robbery  of  poor  and  in¬ 
experienced  and  confiding  country  peo¬ 
ple  is  one  of  these  things. 

If  a  political  party  wanted  to  take 
on  burdens,  we  do  not  know  how  it 
could  better  succeed  in  its  purpose  than 
to  identify  itself  brazenly  with  wild¬ 
cat  financial  schemes.  The  Taft  Ad¬ 
ministration  has  done  the  country  a 
real  service  in  curbing  the  activities  of 
stock  jobbers  and  in  protecting  the  sav¬ 
ings  of  the  people.  It  is  sure  to  be 
accorded  the  credit  it  merits.  It  is  in¬ 
conceivable  that  any  party  or  any^  aspir¬ 
ant  for  public  honors  would  wish  to  go 
to  the  honest  voters  of  the  country 
acknowledging  a  sympathy  with  crooks. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC.- — Ton  ranchmen  owning  150,- 
000  acres  in  Pecos,  Brewster  and  El  Paso 
counties,  Texas,  stocked  with  200.000  cat¬ 
tle,  are  reported  to  have  invested  in  an 
aeroplane,  not  for  pleasure,  but  to  rid  their 
lands  of  the  wolves,  panthers  and  mountain 
lions  which  kill  cattle.  They  estimate  that 
it  cost  them  $100  a  month  for  men  to  hunt 
the  wolves,  not  to  mention  the  thousands  of 
dollars  worth  of  cattle  killed.  Some  of  the 
catlemen  employ  hunters  by  the  month  to 
kill  wolves,  while  others  pay  bounties  of 
from  $3  to  $7  for  scalps.  It  is  said  that 
they  plan  for  an  aeroplane  that  will  carry 
two  men  and  it  is  planned  to  penetrate  the 
wild  country  and  despatch  beasts  of  prey 
witli  guns  from  a  safe  distance  in  the  air. 

From  end  to  end  of  the  country  the  So* 
cialist  vote  showed  emphatic  gains  in  the 
election  November  7.  and  Socialist  candi¬ 
dates  for  minor  offices  were  elected  in 
many  States.  Among  the  more  important 
victories  achieved  by  the  Socialists  were 
the  election  of  three  Assemblymen  in  the 
East — one  in  this  State,  one  in  Rhode 
Island  and  one  in  Masachusetts ;  11  mayors 
in  Ohio,  a  mayor  in  this  State  (Schenec¬ 
tady),  mayors  in  Utah,  Minnesota,  Pennsyl¬ 
vania,  and  Mississippi,  and  municipal  offi¬ 
cers  in  many  States  of  the  West  and 
South. 

Andrew  Carnegie  turned  over  $25,000,000 
November  10  to  the  Carnegie  Corporation 
of  New  York,  the  body  which  was  incor¬ 
porated  by  the  Legislature  on  June  9  of 
the  present  year  for  the  purpose  of  taking 
over  Mr.  Carnegie’s  work  in  connection 
witli  educational  institutions,  libraries  and 
hero  funds.  The  gift  w'as  in  the  form  of 
five  per  cent  first  mortgage  bonds  of  the 
United  States  Steel  Corporation,  the  bonds 
being  given  as  at  par.  The  bonds  closed 
November  10  at  102%,  so  at  the  close  of  the 
day  the  gift  was  worth  about  $656,250  more 
than  the  face  value  of  the  bonds.  The 
income  of  which  the  incorporators  will  have 
the  disposition  is  $1,250,000  a  year.  Mr. 
Carnegie  Is  credited  with  giving  something 
like  $52,000,000  in  round  figures  for  li¬ 
braries,  but  the  donations  came  from  time 
to  time  as  the  needs  presented  themselves 
to  the  donor.  The  Carnegie  Instiution  at 
Washington  has  received  $25,000,000  from 
its  founder,  but  the  sum  is  the  total  of 
several  gifts,  including  two  of  $10,000,000 
each.  Mr.  Carnegie  has  scattered  $20,000,- 
000  or  more  among  the  smaller  colleges  of 
the  country,  but  at  various  times.  Alto¬ 
gether  rough  estimates  of  his  gifts  for 
the  cause  of  education,  peace,  research  and 
for  hero  funds  and  other  philanthropic  pur¬ 
poses  made  before  (he  present  $25,000,000 
gift  totalled  between  $190,000,000  and 
$200,000,000.  Mr.  Rockefeller’s  general 
education  fund  has  at  its  back  a  fund  of 
$53,000,000.  But  this  again  is  the  total 
of  a  number  of  separate  gifts,  as  is  the 
$25,000,000  and  over  which  the  same  donor 
has  bestowed  upon  the  University  of  Chi¬ 
cago. 

Almost  20  deaths,  several  million  dollars’ 
property  loss  and  much  suffering  and  in¬ 
convenience  resulted  from  the  violent 
change  of  temperature,  the  preceding  storms 
and  the  succeeding  cold  and  snow  that 
beset  the  central  portion  of  the  country 
on  November  10-11.  After  an  unsually 
wa>m  November  day,  tornado  storms  did 
much  damage  in  Wisconsin  and  Illinois  and 
killed  a  dozen  persons,  besides  injuring 
more  than  20.  several  fatally.  A  cold  wave 
almost  immediately  followed  and  extended 
in  a  few  hours  to  the  Gulf  coast  and  At¬ 
lantic  seaboard.  Rain  turned  to  sleet, 
snapping  telegraph  and  telephone  wires,  and 
snow  followed.  The  temperature  dropped 
in  several  places  more  than  60  degrees 
in  less  than  18  hours.  Several  persons 
were  frozen  to  death  by  the  sudden  cold : 
shipping  on  the  Great  Lakes  was  damaged, 
and  several  vessels  were  cast  adrift  by  the 
high  wind.  In  some  places  gas  almost 
failed.  The  poor  in  large  cities  and  the 
homeless  in  storm-swept  regions  suffered 
severely.  A  summary  of  deaths,  injuries 


and  damage  and  conditions  follows:  Janes¬ 
ville,  Wis.,  and  vicinity — (Eight  persons 
dead,  two  dying,  a  dozen  injured  and 
$500,000  damages.  Chicago — Two  men 

frozen  to  death  ;  seven  fishermen  missing  on 
Lake  Michigan  ;  many  persons  hurt  on  the 
icy  pavements;  shipping  damaged.  Central 
Illinois — Three  or  more  persons  dead  and 
20  injured  in  storms  at  Easton,  Virginia, 
Peoria  and  other  places;  $1,000,000  prop¬ 
erty  damage.  Iowa — One  man  frozen  at 
Ottumwa  ;  much  suffering  from  cold.  North 
Dakota- — One  man  frozen  at  Grand  Forks. 
Omaha — One  man  dead  in  cold.  Indiana — 
Entire  State  swept  by  blikzard  ;  $1,000,000 
damage  by  wind.  Ohio — Heavy  damage  and 
suffering  caused  by  cold,  wind  and  snow. 
Michigan — Storm  damage  at  several  places 
by  wind  and  sleet.  Kentucky — Widespread 
damage  by  wind;  unusually  cold.  Alabama 
— One  man  killed  by  wind  near  Montgom¬ 
ery.  Gulf  Coast — Unusually  severe  weather; 
much  suffering.  The  freeze  extended  to  the 
upper  Gulf  coast  region,  doing  enormous 
damage  to  the  sugar  cane  crop  and  Fall 
vegetables.  All  late  cotton  was  killed.  In 
Canada  the  cold  weather  has  congested 
wheat  shipping.  The  elevators  are  jammed 
with  grain  which  the  railroads  cannot  han¬ 
dle  and  much  wheat  is  stored  on  the 
ground.  A  fourth  of  the  Canadian  grain 
crop  of  200,000,000  bushels  is  lost,  it  i* 
said.  The  tieup  of  lake  traffic  has  jammed 
the  terminal  elevators  at  lake  ports  and 
It  is  not  thought  that  any  more  grain 
can  he  taken  down  the  lakes  this  year. 
Some  of  the  grain  boats  now  out  are  over¬ 
due  and  have  not  been  heard  from  since 
the  gale  started. 

The  Chilian  Minister.  Senor  Suaraz,  de¬ 
livered  to  Secretary  Knox  in  the  State  De¬ 
partment  November  13,  a  draft  on  New 
York  for  $966,000  in  settlement  of  the 
judgment  of  The  Hague  Court  in  favor  of 
the  Alsop  elaimantsi  The  check  was  sent 
to  the  Treasury  Department  for  distribu¬ 
tion  among  the  many  claimants  under  the 
award,  which  was  based  on  a  concession 
granted  by  Peru  many  years  ago  to  Alsop, 
which  was  not  carried  out  by  Chili  when 
It  became  possessed  of  the  provinces  of 
Tacna  and  Arica. 

Formal  indictments  were  handed  down 
November  14  by  the  Federal  Grand  Jury  in 
New  York  against  four  of  the  men  con¬ 
nected  with  the  Columbian-Sterling  Publish¬ 
ing  Company  ;  Frank  Orff,  who  was  presi¬ 
dent  :  John  F.  B.  Atkin,  general  counsel ; 
Lee  Sidwell,  treasurer,  and  Eugene  Bryan 
Yates.  The  four  are  implicated  for  conspir¬ 
acy  and  using  the.  mails  to  defraud  the 
stockholders  of  the  Columbian-Magazine 
Publishing  Company,  the  Western  Magazine 
Publishing  Company,  and  Hampton’s  Maga¬ 
zine  and  others.  The  false  representations 
mentioned  are  that  on  June  1.  1911,  the 
Columbian  Magazine  Company,  the  Western 
Magazine  Publishing  Company  and  Hamp¬ 
ton’s  Magazine,  Inc.,  operated  six  maga¬ 
zines  at  a  profit;  that  on  July  20,  I^ee  Sid¬ 
well  “had  such  knowledge  of  the  financial 
and  business  condition  of  the  said  Colum¬ 
bian-Sterling  Publishing  Company  as  to 
to  be  able  to  state  definitely  that  the  said 
Columbian-Sterling  Publishing  Company 
would  have  a  sufficient  surplus  on  August 
31,  1911,  to  warrant  a  dividend  of  at  least 
4  per  cent,”  and  that  the  company  would 
declare  a  dividend  on  August  31.  The 
complainants  named  in  the  indictments  are 
Mrs.  7. .  E.  Perkins  of  Shrewsbury,  Mass., 
and  B.  S.  Murphy  of  Mountoursville,  I’a. 

Judge  Emory  Speer  in  his  charge  to  the 
United  States  Grand  Jury  at  Savannah,  Ga., 
November  14,  featured  the  present  low 
price  of  cotton  and  the  probable  forces 
that  are  holding  the  price  down.  He  read 
an  interview  with  the  Attorney-General  of 
the  United  States  touching  on  the  probable 
prosecution  by  the  Government  of  cotton 
bears  and  charged  that  it  would  be  the  duty 
of  the  Grand  Jury  to  investigate  such 
conditions,  if  any  existed  in  the  Southern 
District  of  Georgia,  and  frame  their  bills 
accordingly.  He  charged  that  it  would  not 
be  necessary  to  await  indictments  from  the 
Attorney-General  before  the  Grand  Jury 
could  proceed  in  this  district. 

Three  rapids  in  the  St.  Lawrence  River 
entirely  in  Canadian  territory,  the  Cedars, 
Cascades  and  Coteau,  are  to  he  developed 
for  power  purposes  by  an  English  syndicate. 
The  promoters  are  about  to  incorporate 
a  company  with  an  authorized  capital  of 
$100,000,000  and  with  a  charter  from  the 
Dominion  government.  It  is  believed  that 
English  promoters  hope  to  defeat  the  am¬ 
bitious  plans  of  the  St.  Lawrence  Power 
Company,  which  has  for  several  years  been 
seeking  for  permission  to  dam  the  Canadian 
side  of  the  St.  Lawrence  River  at  the  foot 
of  the  Long  Sault  Rapids. 

While  playing  with  four  boxes  of  dyna¬ 
mite  caps,  which  they  had  stolen  from  the 
Rochester  Lime  Company,  three  boys,  aged 
8,  12  and  14.  met  with  death  at  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  November  13.  The-# boys  stole  the 
caps,  which  number  100  to  a  box,  and  it  is 
supposed  they  were  experimenting  witli  them 
in  an  alley  back  of  their  homes  when  the 
accident  occurred.  Several  houses  nearby 
were  partly  wrecked  and  windows  in  a 
radius  of  several  blocks  smashed  by  the 
force  of  the  explosion. 

Dr.  Charles  F.  Wainright,  of  New  York, 
filed  suit  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Dis¬ 
trict  of  Columbia  November  14  against 
the  American  Security  and  Trust  Company, 
executor  of  the  estate  of  Thomas  F.  Walsh, 
of  Colorado  and  Washington,  for  $42,000 
for  medical  services  in  the  last  illness  of 
Mr.  Walsh.  The  doctor’s  bill  was  for 
$50,000.  but  he  received  $8,000  on  account. 
Dr.  Wain  right’s  complaint  alleges  that  he 
devotfd  his  whole  time  to  Mr.  Walsh  for 
three  months,  to  the  exclusion  of  all  other 
practice. 

Rescued  from  death  after  a  struggle  with 
the  elements  for  nearly  30  hours,  50  persons 
on  the  schooner  Washington,  which  struck  on 
Peacock  Spit,  near  Astoria,  Oregon,  Novem¬ 
ber  12.  reached  Astoria  in  safety  on  the  re¬ 
leased  ship  in  tow  of  the  Columbia  bai 
tug  Tntoosh.  During  a  lull  in. the  gale 
Captain  Bailey  ran  the  Tatoosh  in  close  tc 
the  Washington  and  got  a  line  aboard.  Hun 
elreds  of  persons,  who  had  gathered  on  the 
beach  in  the  early  morning  hours  and 
watched  the  vessel  all  day,  momentarily 
expecting  to  see  her  crushed  on  the:  rock: 
near  North  Head  anel  her  passengers  one 
crew  swept  into  the  sea.  cheered  the  Ta 
toosh  as  it  drew,  the  schooner  safely  into 
deep  water. 

Tile1  International  Harvester  Company  of 
America  was  ousted  from  Missouri  and  fined 


$50,000  by  the  Supreme  Court  at  Jefferson. 
November  14.  The  court’s  decision  sus¬ 
tained  the  findings  of  Special  Commissioner 
Theodore  Brace,  who  reported  to  the  court 
that  the  company  violated  the  common  and 
anti  trust  laws  of  Missouri.  The  court 
ruled  that  the  fine  must  be  paid  on  or 
before  January  1,  1912,  and  that  if  the 
International  Harvester  Company  proves  to 
the  court  by  March  1,  1912,  that  it  has 
ceased  all  connection  with  the  International 
Harvester  Company  of  New  Jersey,  which 
the  court  held  to  be  unlawful,  that  the 
ouster  of  the  International  Harvester  Com¬ 
pany  of  America  will  be  suspended.  The 
harvester  company  must  file  proofs  of  its 
willingness  to  comply  with  the  judgment  of 
the  court.  The  proofs  must  be  approved 
by  the  Attorney-General. 

The  indicted  Chicago  meat  packers  sprang 
a  surprise  on  the  government  November 
14  when  they  made  another  effort  to 
avoid  trial  and  to  have  the  Sherman  anti¬ 
trust  law  declared  unconstitutional.  The 
latest  move  consisted  in  the  surrender  of 
the  packers  to  the  United  States  marshal 
and  an  immediate  appeal  to  Circuit  Judge 
C.  C.  Kohlsaat  for  a  writ  of  habeas  corpus. 
The  request  for  a  decision  on  the  consti¬ 
tutionality  of  tile  Sherman  law  before  un¬ 
dergoing  trial  was  said  to  have  been  taken 
as  a  necessary  step  to  carry  the  case  be¬ 
fore  the  United  States  Supreme  Court  with¬ 
out  the  cost  or  delay  of  a  trial.  Viola¬ 
tions  of  the  fifth,  sixth  and  eighth  amend¬ 
ments  to  the  Constitution,  ambiguity  and 
alleged  failure  of  the  act  either  to  create 
an  offence  against  the  government  or  to  de¬ 
fine  what  it  set  up  as  an  offence  in  a  man¬ 
ner  that  would  enable  a  citizen  to  know 
when  he  erred  and  when  he  did  not  were 
charged  against  the  Sherman  law  as  inter¬ 
preted  by  the  United  States  Supreme  Court 
in  the  Standard  oil  and  Tobacco  cases. 


A  DAY’S  WORK  ON  AN  ALASKA  FARM. 

A  day’s  work  on  the  farm  in  the  Tanana 
Valley  is  10  hours,  but  with  farmers  who 
are  working  for  themselves  it  will  probably 
average  13  or  14  hours  in  Summer,  and  at 
this  time  of  the  year  10  hours  with  the 
majority.  There  is  no  regular  routine ;  in 
the  Summer  you  are  just  as  liable  to  see 
a  man  working  at  11  or  12  p.m.  or  3  or  4  a.m. 
as  during  any  hour  in  the  day  time;  there 
practically  is  daylight  for  three  months  or 
so  little  twilight  between  two  days  that  you 
can  work  any  part  of  the  24  hours  that 
you  choose,  and  we  take  advantage  of  the 
weather  and  work  any  old  time.  This  is 
done  on  account  of  the  mosquitoes  and 
gnats ;  we  protect  ourselves  from  them  by 
wearing  netting  and  gloves  which  is  com¬ 
pulsory,  for  if  you  did  not,  or  make  a 
smudge,  they  would  drive  you  crazy.  Prob¬ 
ably  an  item  as  to  crops  and  the  business 
end  of  it  would  be  appreciated.  I  planted 
potatoes  May  27.  and  dug  them  September  4, 
and  planted  a  small  patch  of  carrots,  beets, 
turnips  and  parsnips  a  few  days  later;  also 
set  out  500  cabbage;  100  cauliflower  in  the 
middle  of  .Tune.  I  have  30  rhubarb  plants 
and  small  patch  of  strawberries.  I  har¬ 
vested  carrots,  turnips,  beets  and  cabbage 
September  10.  A  half  acre  I  had  in  pota¬ 
toes  last  year  was  devoted  as  experiment. 
I  sowed  30  pounds  of  oats  that  I  have  been 
raising  for  three  years.  10  pounds  Dala 
oats,  10  pounds  Golden  Rain  oats,  15  pounds 
White  ITulless  barley,  packet  of  Teoslnte, 
which  grew  to  height  of  six  inches;  Giant 
beggarweed,  of  which  one  plant  came  up ; 
a  small  package  of  Alfalfa,  which  I  con¬ 
sider  did  finely ;  Mammoth  Red.  Crimson, 
and  Medium  Red  clover,  which  all  did 
well  :  Velvet  bean,  which  grew  to  a  height 
of  about  four  inches ;  Sand  vetch,  which 
did  well,  and  three  pounds  Timothy,  which 
grew  to  a  height  of  two  feet.  The  Dala 
oats  I  cut  for  seed  August  15;  the  drought 
affected  them,  and  grain  was  not  as  good 
as  might  be.  The  native  and  Golden  Rain 
I  cut  August  26 ;  barley  August  20 ;  Tim¬ 
othy  August  20 ;  with  half  an  acre  of 
potatoes.  This  makes  my  total  ground 
cropped  1%  acre;  having  20  acres  cleared 
the  business  end  will  explain  why  I  did  not 
crop  more  of  It. 

About  50  per  cent  of  the  people  here  have 
a  small  garden,  and  there  are  about  30 
hothouse  gardeners.  Gardening  and  farm¬ 
ing  is  overdone.  What  market  there  is  here 
for  potatoes  and  hay  the  transportation 
company  and  business  men  supply  about  90 
per  cent  of  It.  the  leading  company  of  this 
valley  also  runs  the  town  of  Fairbanks, 
which  it  supplies  with  light,  heat  and  water, 
and  it  pays  for  its  wood  and  teaming  with 
oats,  hay  and  provisions ;  no  money.  The 
teamster  and  wood  chopper  are  next  to  the 
miner  in  numbers  and  a  good  portion  of 
the  small  business  men  are  interested  in 
some  of  the  industries  or  mines,  and  they 
all  knock  native  produce,  especially  pota¬ 
toes  and  hay.  In  spite  of  all  we  are  show¬ 
ing  them  that  you  can  raise  as  good  pota¬ 
toes,  hay  or  grain  as  can  be  raised  any¬ 
where.  The  farmers  have  demonstrated 
what  can  be  done  here,  and  have  captured 
about  10  per  cent  of  market,  but  in  the 
last  two  years  a  now  competitor  entered  the 
field.  He  is  too  much,  for  it  is  no  trouble 
to  him  to  put  up  buildings,  clear  ground  or 
buy  lime  and  sell  potatoes,  because  he  can 
undersell  the  farmer.  It  is  Uncle  Ram  in 
the  form  of  an  experiment  station,  so- 
called.  It  has  boon  the  opinion  of  a  large 
portion  of  the  people  ever  since  camp  was 
established  that  the  post  office  was  run  in 
the  interests  of  the  business  element,  and 
now  they  have  another  institution  run  by 
Uncle  Ram  working  in  their  interest.  The 
transportation  company  and  shipper  have 
done  everything'  they  dared  to  do  to  retard 
development  along  agricultural  lines.  Rome 
five  or  six  years  ago,  thinking  experiment 
stations  were  operated  to  aid  the  farmer, 
I  wrote  to  Ritka  asking  for  a  few  seed  po¬ 
tatoes,  and  they  informed  me  they  would 
freeze  if  they  sent  them,  but  as  soon  as  we 
were  putting  good  potatoes  on  the  market 
Uncle  Ram  could  get  all  kinds  of  potatoes 
in  here  to  compete  against  us  for  the  small 
part  of  the  market  we  conquered,  as  you 
are  probably  aware  of  the  fact  that  the 
ground  does  not  thaw  until  timber,  brush 
and  moss  is  removed,  and  you  can  imagine 
what  a  slow  process  it  is  to  sweeten  ground 
with  lime  retailed  at  12  to  15  cents  pel* 
pound.  By  shipping  from  Beattie  a  barrel 
of  200  pounds  cost  me  $12.  This  was 
just  for  experiment.  Lime  at  $120  per  ton 
is  out  of  mv  reach.  The  climate  here  in 
interior  Alaska  is  ideal  with  the  exception 
of  the  extreme  cold,  short  days  we  have 
during  part  of  Winter,  eight  months;  Sum¬ 
mer.  four  months.  j.  a. 

Fairbanks,  Alaska. 


1140 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

WITH  THANKFUL  HEARTS. 

Father,  we  lift  our  thankful  hearts  to  Thee 
With  gratitude,  for  all  Thy  bounty  free; 
For  love,  and  friends,  for  home,  for  faith’s 
pure  light. 

For  health,  for  harvest  store,  for  rest  at 
night— 

For  every  blessing  showered  from  above — 
Bestowed  on  us  unstinted  by  Tby  love 
And  thoughtful  care;  O  hear  us,  as  we  pray, 
Father  in  heaven,  this  Thanksgiving  day. 

Watch  over  us,  be  Thou  our  stay  and  Guide. 
Thro’  day  and  night ;  guard  us  from  sinful 
pride, 

For  we  are  human,  weak  and  prone  to 
wrong, 

And  by  Thy  grace  alone  are  we  made 
strong. 

Give  us  our  daily  bread,  our  wants  supply, 
And  touch  our  hearts  that  we  may  not  deny 
The  widow  and  the  orphan  of  their  share 
Of  what  we  have — relieve  their  want  and 
care. 

O  grant  that  we  may  keep  Thy  law,  and  live 
A  Christian  life;  our  enemies  forgive; 

That  we  may  love  our  neighbor,  work  for 
peace. 

That  so  Thy  glory  may  on  earth  increase. 

— Henry  Coyle  in  the  Pilot. 

• 

Burnt  orange  flavoring  is  recom¬ 
mended  as  very  good.  Grhte  the  rind  of 
a  deep  yellow  orange,  avoiding  the  white 
skin,  add  two  tablespoonfuls  of  granu¬ 
lated  sugar,  and  cook  the  two  together 
carefully  in  a  little  saucepan,  stirring  to 
avoid  burning,  until  they  form  a  rich 
reddish  brown  mixture.  Then  stir  in 
two  or  three  tablespoonfuls  of  water  that 
is  boiling  hard.  When  the  caramel  is 
dissolved  mix  with  it  enough  sifted 
powdered  sugar  to  make  a  firm  icing,  or 
use  it  in  flavoring  candies. 

4 

The  “tie-on”  blouse  is  a  new  model 
which  has  no  hooks  or  eyes,  no  buttons, 
pins  or  other  fastening,  and  yet  it  can 
be  put  on  in  a  minute  and  nicely  ad¬ 
justed.  It  is  built  something  like  a 
kimono  waist,  but  with  set-in  sleeves, 
the  opening  crossing  diagonally  in  front. 
The  fronts  are  prolonged  into  sash 
ends,  which  are  brought  around  and 
tied  at  back,  front  or  side,  as  desired. 
It  can  thus  be  wrapped  around  so  as  to 
fit  perfectly,  the  ends  tied  in  a  smart  bow 
as  desired.  The  sleeves  are  elbow 
length,  the  neck  finished  with  revers. 
In  plaid  silk  this  new  blouse  costs  $5.50; 
in  black  or  blue  satin,  solid  color  or  with 
contrasting  revers  and  cuffs,  $6.75,  and 
in  shot  silk  $4. 

* 

We  are  often  asked  as  to  the  reliabil¬ 
ity  of  the  quacks  who  advertise  various 
nostrums  and  treatments  for  the  cure 
of  alcoholism.  The  New  York  news¬ 
papers  recently  recorded  the  arrest  of 
one  of  these  men,  Edward  J  Woods, 
who  offers  to  cure  the  drink  habit  with¬ 
in  a  few  days.  He  is  the  head  of  a 
company  which  advertises  widely.  After 
a  trial  in  the  Court  of  Special  Sessions, 
Woods  was  fined  $500,  the  maximum 
penalty  for  practicing  medicine  without 
a  license.  The  New  York  County  Med¬ 
ical  Society  prosecutes  all  sorts  of 
quacks,  securing  evidence  through  an 
ingenious  woman  detective,  who  in  this 
case  paid  Woods  $10  for  pills  and  pow¬ 
ders  with  which  to  treat  a  purely  imag¬ 
inary  alcoholic  parent. 

4 

A  school  of  horticulture  for  women 
has  been  opened  at  Ambler,  Pa.,  follow¬ 
ing  the  lines  of  such  schools  already  es¬ 
tablished  in  European  countries.  The 
school  is  located  on  a  farm  of  71  acres, 
already  planted  to  apples,  grapes,  straw¬ 
berries  and  other  fruits,  asparagus,  etc., 
while  about  20  acres  are  devoted  to  gar¬ 
den  crops,  greenhouses  and  cold  frames. 
The  course  for  students  is  expected  to 
cover  at  least  two  years  of  12  months 
each,  and  it  is  planned  to  give  plenty  of 
practical  work,  as  well  as  the  theoretical 
instruction.  Schools  of  this  class  have 
passed  the  experimental  stage  abroad; 


the  R.UFLA.I>  NEW-YORKER 


November  25, 


we  see  no  reason  why  they  should  not 
be  equally  useful  in  this  country,  though 
the  State  colleges  here  provide  horticul¬ 
tural  instruction  for  women  on  a  co¬ 
educational  basis. 

4 

Since  both  Dr.  Wiley  and  Mrs.  Wil¬ 
liams,  director  of  domestic  science  in 
the  New  York  public  schools,  assure  us 
that  our  food  is  the  best  in  the  world, 
and  our  cooking  the  worst,  we  feel  some 
shyness  in  referring  to  the  culinary  tri¬ 
umphs  that  gladden  so  many  homes  on 
Thansksgiving  Day.  Jeers  at  national 
cooking  are  no  new  thing;  it  is  many 
generations  since  some  Spanish  philos¬ 
opher  (was  it  Sancho  Panza?)  observed 
that  while  Heaven  sends  victuals,  its 
opposite  sends  the  cooks.  We  think, 
however,  that  the  farm  home  has  more 
to  feel  thankful  for  in  this  direction 
than  most  others.  To  begin  with,  it  is 
free  from  the  fatal  cold  storage  tur¬ 
key;  its  vegetables  are  of  the  best; 
butter,  eggs  and  milk  are  procurable  in 
their  highest  degree  of  excellence.  Add¬ 


following  a  straight  thread  of  the  goods. 
Now  stitch  on  the  sewing  machine  an 
ordinary  seam  along,  the  raw  edges, 
across  the  point  and  down  the  side. 
Turn  right  side  out  and  the  “ear”  is  com¬ 
plete.  If  the  satin  is  whole  under  the 
crosspiece  a  space  must  of  course  be 
left  along  the  side  to  allow'  of  turning. 
Place  one  pair  upon  the  other  with 
points  apart  as  shown,  add  a  piece  of 
black,  V/2  inch  wide,  velvet  ribbon,  and 
band  the  whole  tightly  together  with  a 
bit  of  folded  satin.  The  velvet  ribbon  is 
merely  cut  with  slant  ends  and  measures 
4J4  inches  from  point  to  point.  Sew  to 
the  back  one  of  the  pins  made  for  such 
use,  or  fasten  a  small  safety  pin  there 
and  the  necktie  is  complete.  While  elec¬ 
tric  blue  or  a  flaming  scarlet  are  effective 
colors  for  a  young  girl’s  necktie,  a  com¬ 
plexion  that  has  seen  its  first  freshness 
grow  dim  is  better  suited  to  such  choice 
as  a  delicate  lavender,  old  rose,  or  the 
softest  shades  of  pink  or  blue. 

AUGUSTA  ROSE. 


Cash  or  Credit 

On  This  Magnificent 
Base  Burner 

A  great,  big,  handsome  double 
heater  tbat’s  an  ornament  to  any 
room  and  that  throws  more  heat 
than  you  ever  thought  a  stovo 
could  develop.  Shipped  right  from 
our  factory,  freight  prepaid,  to 
your  home  to  try  free  for  30  days, 
shipment  in  24  hours.  Then 
360  days  ajsproval  test.  170,000 
have  bought  Kalamazoo  Stoves 
backed  by  the  famous*  100,000  bank 
bond  guarantee.  Don’t  buy  any- 
where  until  you  have  our  stove 
book. 

Get  This  Stove  Book 
Save  $5  to  $40 

on  your  purchase  of  heater,  range,  or 
gas  stove.  Why  pay  two  prices  when  the 
Kalamazoo  is  guaranteed  best  of  all.  This  free 
book  tells  you  how  you  can  save  the  dealer’s  and 
middlemen’s  profits  and  get  the  best  stove 
made.  Over  400  stoves  to 
choose  from  and  a  low  fac¬ 
tory  price  for  every  purse. 

Write  a  postal  giving  your 
name  and  address  for 
Catalogue  No.  114. 

KALAMAZOO  STOVE 
COMPANY 

Manufacturers 

Kalamazoo,  Stick. 


A  Kalamazoo 
Direct  toYou  ^ 


ed  to  this  is  the  fact  that  farm  house¬ 
keepers  really  feel  a  pride  in  supplying 
well-cooked  and  attractive  food — in  “set¬ 
ting  a  good  table.”  The  delicatessen 
store  and  grocery  ate  not  called  on  for 
ready-cooked  food  that  can  be  put  be¬ 
fore  the  family  without  any  exertion. 
Moreover,  scientists  agree  with  epicures 
that  to  be  of  the  greatest  benefit  in  re¬ 
pairing  wastes  or  building  up  the  sys¬ 
tem,  food  must  not  merely  be  nourish¬ 
ing  ;  it  must  give  pleasure  to  the  palate. 
We  think  this  point  receives  a  good  deal 
of  attention  from  rural  housekeepers, 
while  the  interest  they  always  show  in 
new  or  improved  methods  proves  that 
they  are  not  content  to  stay  in  house¬ 
keeping  ruts.  In  spite  of  the  rapacious 
middleman,  the  self-seeking  politician 
and  the  35-cent  dollar,  the  farm  still 
has  much  to  be  grateful  for  this  Thanks¬ 
giving  Day,  and  chief  among  its  bless¬ 
ings  we  put  the  farm  cook — and  may  life 
deal  gently  with  her ! 


A  Necktie  Easily  Made. 

“I  had  14’  jabots  for  Christmas,  but 
not  one  too  many,”  laughed  a  house¬ 
keeper  last  January,  and  added:  “Those 
little  things  cost,  at  the  shops,  out  of  all 
proportion  to  their  actual  value,  yet  I 
have  neither  the  skill  nor  the  patience 
to  make  them  for  myself.” 

And  her  companion  replied :  “No  one 
gave  me  so  much  as  a  tiny  necktie, 
thinking,  I  suppose,  that  I  was  clever 
enough  to  make  my  own.  But  whenever 
I  do  attempt  such  work  I  always  waste 
time  and  material  in  the  effort  to  get 
them  just  right,  for  I  can  never  remem¬ 
ber  the  exact  proportions  and  size  of 
those  seen  for  sale.” 

Aided  by  the  rough  sketch,  Fig.  460, 


A  SIMPLE  NECKTIE.  Fig.  400. 


and  by  following  the  measurements  here 
given,  any  girl  can  manufacture  a  pretty 
necktie  at  small  cost  of  both  time  and 
material.  The  bow  when  finished  should 
measure  eight  inches  from  tip  to  tip.  In 
the  -model  soft  faille  satin,  cut  on  the 
bias,  was  used  with  a  touch  of  black 
velvet.  A  medium  shade  of  old  blue 
was  selected,  the  black  velvet  contrasting 
prettily  with  it  and  affording  the  bit  of 
black  which  is  said  to  lend  becomingness 
to  anything  worn  near  the  face,  be  it 
hat,  gown  or  collar  finish.  As  the  satin 
is  used. double  instead  of  being  hemmed, 
cut  a  bias  strip  five  inches  wide  that  it 
may  finish,  when  seamed  and  turned,  a 
trifle  over  two  inches.  If  it  is  more 
convenient  to  cut  the  four  “donkey 
ears”  separate  they  can  be  sewed  to¬ 
gether  where  the  crosspiece  will  cover 
the  stitches.  Fold  the  satin  evenly  with 
the  right  side  in  and  shape  to  a  point  by 


Embroidery  Designs. 

404,  design  for  an  embroidered  agron. 
447,  design  for  embroidering  a  baby’s 
pillow  in  heart  shape.  458,  design  for 
embroidering  a  tea  cosy  cover.  544,  de¬ 
sign  for  embroidered  bread  tray  doilies. 
563,  design  for  embroidered  words, 


adapted  to  different  purposes.  524,  de¬ 
sign  for  a  braided  corner.  467,  design 
for  embroidering  a  corset  cover.  555, 
design  for  an  embroidered  handkerchief 
case  in  envelope  shape,  10  inches  in 
length.  454,  design  for  embroidering  a 
photograph  frame.  531,  design  for  em¬ 
broidering  an  infant’s  shoe,  transfers  for 
two  shoes  are  given.  463,  design  for 
embroidering  a  fancy  work  bag  in  heart 
shape.  Price  of  each  transfer  pattern 
10  cents. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


MEDICINE 

Versus 

NATURE 


Why  turn  yourself  into  a 
medicine-chest,  filling 
it  with  every  new  concoc¬ 
tion  that  comes  along? 

Nature  does  the  cur¬ 
ing ,  not  medicine. 

Ask  your  Doctor  if 

SUNSHINE 

- A  N  D - 

Scott’s  Emulsion 

is  not  The  treatment  for 
Coughs  and  Colds,  Grippe, 
and  many  other  ills. 

ALL  DRUGGISTS  11-62 


IDEAL 
HOME  COUNTRY 

lies  in  the  wide  territory  traversed  by  the  Southern  Ry. 
System.  From  the  high  lands  of  the  Appalachians,  with 
their  dry,  healthy  climate,  to  the  Piedmont  section,  with  its 
heavy  yielding  lands,  on  to  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts, 
where  every  crop  thrives — somewhere  in  this  broad  territory 
you  tan  find  a  place  just  suited  to  your  needs  and  means. 

Land  prices  range  from  $15  to  $50  per 
acre.  The  first  year’s  crop  often  more  than  returns 
the  purchase  price. 

All  grasses,  grains,  fruits  and  vegetables  known  to  the 
temperate  zone  thrive  in  the  Southeast.  Alfalfa  grows 
nearly  everywhere — 4  to  6  tons  per  acre  not  uncom¬ 
mon — $  1 5  to  $22  per  ton  paid  locally.  Apple  orchards 
net  $100  to  $500  an  acre.  Truck  gardening  yields 
$200  to  $400  per  acre — everything  else  in  proportion. 

The  Southeast  is  the  farmer’s  paradise. 

We  have  booklets  giving  full  information  of  conditions 
in  each  Southeastern  State.  Address 
M.  V.  RICHARDS,  Land  &  Industrial  Agt. 

Southern  Railway.  RoomS7 
Washington,  D.  G. 


t, 


SPLENDID  CROPS 

jn  Saskatchewan  (Western  Canada) 

i  Bushelsfrom  20  Acres 

of  wheat  was  the  thresher’s  re¬ 
turn  from  a  Lloydminster  farm 
during  one  season.  Many  fields 
in  that  as  well  as  other  districts 
yielded  from  25  to  85  bushels  of 
wheat  to  ttie  acre.  Other  grains 
In  proportion. 

Large  Profits 

are  thus  derived  from  the 
FREE  HOMESTEAD 
LANDS  of  Western  Canada. 

This  excellent  showing  causes  prices 
to  advance.  Land  values  should  double 
In  two  years’  time. 

Grain  growing,  mixed  farming, 
cattle  raising  and  dairying  are  alt 
profitable.  Free  Homesteads  of  160 
acres  are  to  be  had  in  the  very  best 
districts;  160-acre  pre-emption  at 
$3.00  per  acre  within  certain  areas. 
Schools  and  churches  in  every  set¬ 
tlement,  climate  unexcelled,  soil 
the  richest;  wood,  water  and  build¬ 
ing;  material  plentiful. 

For  settlers’  low  railway  rates  and  Illus¬ 
trated  pamphlet,  “Last  Best  West.”  and 
other  Information,  write  to  Supt.  Im¬ 
migration,  Ottawa, Can.,  orCan.Gov.  Agt. 

J.  S.  CRAWFORD 
30  Syracuse  Saving’s  Dank  Bldg. 
Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


mj 


HID  f  T  DRILLING 
TT  LtLtLf  MACHINES 


Over  70  sizes  and  styles,  for  drilling  either  deep  or 
(hallow  wells  in  any  kind  of  soil  or  rock.  Mounted  on 
wheels  or  on  sills.  With  engines  or  horse  powers.  Strong 
simple  and  durable.  Any  mechanic  can  operate  them 
easily.  Send  for  catalog. 

WILLIAMS  BROS..  Ithaca.  N.  Y. 


RIFE 

RAM 


"SjT 


A  Water  Supply 

solves  many  farm  trouble^. 
Have  plenty  of  water  with¬ 
out  pumping  expense  or 
bother — just  install  an  auto¬ 
matic  Rifo  Ram.  Raises  water 
30  ft.  for  each  foot  of  fall — no 
trouble  or  pumping  expense. 
Satisfaction  guarantood. 
Booklet,  plans,  estimate.  Free. 

Rife  Engine  Co,  2429  Trinity  Bd  g.,  N.Y. 


STAND¬ 
ARD 


THE 

WORLD 

OVER 


WELL  AND  PROSPECTING 
DRILLING  MACHINERY 


43  years’  successfui  operation. 
Used  In  nearly  all  parts  of  the 
world.  We  make  a  complete  line 
of  Drilling  Machines  and  tools 
for  every  condition  of  earth 
and  rock  drilling  and  min¬ 
eral  prospecting.  Complete 
catalogue  No.  120  showing  over 
40  styles  of  machines  free. 

THE  AMERICAN  WELL  WORKS 

General  Office  and  Works 
j,  Aurora*  Ill. 

Chicago  Office;  First  National  Bank  Building. 


1911. 


RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


1141. 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

II  hen  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  pattern  and  measurement  de¬ 
sired. 


The  coatee  blouse  shown  in  No.  7196 
is  a  fashionable  model  that  can  be  made 
plain  or  elaborate  as  desired.  It  sug¬ 
gests  an  idea  in  combining  two  mate¬ 
rials  ;  a  coatee  of  plain  material  may  be 
worn  with  a  skirt  of  stripes  or  check, 
or  a  velvet  or  satin  co'atee  with  a  skirt 


7196  Coatee  Blouse,  34  to  42  bust. 


of  cloth  of  the  same  color.  The  blouse 
is  made  with  front  and  back  portions 
that  are  seamed  over  the  shoulders  and 
is  joined  to  the  peplum,  and  this  peplum 
is  cut  in  two  pieces  that  are  seamed  at 
the  center  back.  If  liked,  gussets  can 
be  inserted  under  the  arms.  The  shield 
is  separate  and  closed  at  the  back.  The 
under-sleeves  are  attached  beneath  the 
cuffs.  For  the  medium  size  will  be  re¬ 
quired  3*4  yards  of  material  27,  2)4 
yards  36,  2%  yards  44  inches  wide  with 
1/4  yards  of  all-over  lace  18  inches  wide 
for  the  chemisette  and  under-sleeves. 
The  pattern,  No.  7196,  is  cut  in  sizes 
for  a  34,  36,  38,  40  and  42  inch  bust 
measure;  price  10  cents. 

The  group  pictures  include  7176,  semi- 
fitted  coat,  34  to  44  bust,  perforated  for 
shorter  length,  with  collar  that  can  be 
made  pointed  or  round  at  the  back. 


7160,  middy  blouse  for  misses  and  small 
women.  14,  16  and  18  years.  7156,  semi¬ 
princess  gown,  34  to  42  bust,  with  or 
without  chemisette  and  under-sleeves. 
7173,  boy’s  Russian  blouse  suit.  4  to  8 
years,  with  separate  shield.  7166,  six- 
gored  skirt,  22  to  30  waist,  with  double 
or  single  panels  that  can  be  made  round 
or  square  at  the  lower  edges,  with  high 
or  natural  waistline.  Price  of  each,  10 
cents. 


Crocheting  an  Auto  Toque. 

In  response  to  a  recent  request,  the 
following  instructions  are  given.  Mate¬ 
rials  required  are  three  skeins  of  eider¬ 
down  wool,  two  skeins  in  a  contrasting 
color  of  the  wool,  or  five  skeins  of  one 
color  if  the  rolled  edge  is  to  be  the  same 
as  the  crown.  An  amber  crochet  hook 
No.  9  or  bone  hook  No.  8  is  used. 

Chain  3  and  join  in  a  ring.  Draw  up 
the  loop  on  needle,  wool  over  and  pick 
up  a  loop  in  ring,  wool  over  and  pick 
up  another  loop,  wool  over  and  through 
all  5  loops  on  needle,  ch.  1,  thus  forming 
one  cluster.  Make  8  more  clusters  in 
the  ring  and  join. 

Second  round :  draw  up  the  loop  on 
needle,  wool  over  and  pick  up  a  loop 
through  the  joining  stitch,  wool  over  and 
pick  up  another  loop  in  same  space,  wool 
over  and  through  all  5,  ch.  1.  *Wool 
over,  pick  up  a  loop  in  next  space,  wool 
over,  pick  up  another  loop  in  same 
space,  wool  over  through  all  5,  ch.  1, 
and  repeat  from*  all  around,  increasing 
by  putting  an  extra  cluster  in  every 
other  space. 

Third  round:  increase  in  every  third 
space. 

Fourth  round:  increase  in  every  fourth 
space. 

Fifth  round:  increase  in  every  sixth 
space. 

Sixth  round:  increase  in  every  tenth 
space  or  3  times  in  round. 

Seventh  round :  increase  in  the  six¬ 
teenth  and  last  spaces. 

Make  four  rounds  without  increasing; 
then  draw  a  loop  of  the  contrasting  color 
through  and  turn,  working  6  rounds, 
from  the  other  side,  to  form  the  turn 
over. 

Another  attractive  little  crocheted  cap 
is  the  Ostend  toque,  which  is  a  small 
toque  with  the  brim  rolled  up,  often 
trimmed  with  a  quill  or  buckle.  This 
calls  for  six  skeins  of  Germantown 
zephyr  and  a  No.  11  amber  hook.  Toque 
should  measure  11  inches  wide  by  13 
inches  long,  unrolled.  The  toque  is 
made  of  three  threads  throughout.  Wind 
off  three  skeins  into  a  ball.  (The  8-fold 
is  used  double.) 

Chain  40,  so  that  chain  measures  22 
inches,  join. 

Make  6  rounds  single  crochet,  taking 
up  back  loop  only. 

Make  14  rounds  single  crochet,  tak¬ 
ing  up  both  loops. 

21st  round— decrease  1  stitch  every  8 
stitches. 

22d  round — Without  decreasing. 

23d  round — Decrease  every  6  stitches. 

24th  round — Without  decreasing. 

25th  round — Decrease  every  5  stitches. 

26th  round — Without  decreasing. 

27th  round — Decrease  every  3  stitches. 

28th  round — Decrease  every  other 

stitch. 

29th  round — Draw  a  loop  through 
each  stitch,  take  up  yarn,  draw  through 
all  loops,  fasten  off.  Pull  threads 
through  to  wrong  side. 

The  last  few  rounds,  forming  the  cen¬ 
ter  of  crown,  have  a  tendency  to  push 
out  in  a  peak.  To  avoid  this,  crochet 
these  rounds  a  little  tighter,  c.  W.  W. 


Winter  Puddings. 

Extra  Good  Rice  Pudding. — One-half 
cup  rice,  two  cups  water,  one  quart  milk, 
four  tablespoons  sugar,  one  tablespoon 
corn  starch,  one-half  teaspoon  salt; 
flavor  to  suit,  vanilla,  lemon  or  nutmeg. 
Wash  rice  and  soak  one-half  hour  in 
cold  water,  then  pour  this  off  and  let 
dish  stand  on  back  part  of  stove  until 
it  becomes  blood  warm.  Now  pour  off 
water  again  and  add  one  pint  cold  water. 
Cook  pudding  in  double  boiler  one-half 
hour;  then  add  one  pint  cold  milk  and 
in  15  minutes  add  the  corn  starch  mixed 
with  one-half  cup  of  the  remaining  milk. 
After  10  minutes’  cooking  add  rest  of 
milk,  sugar,  salt  and  flavoring.  Stir 
well  and  after  turning  into  a  pudding 
dish  bake  20  minutes  in  a  moderate  oven. 
This  pudding  can  be  served  hot  or  cold.' 


Peanut  Pudding. — Scald  one  pint  of 
fresh  milk,  add  two  tablespoonfuls  of 
butter,  beat  well  three  eggs,  add  to  them 
two-thirds  of  a  cupful  of  sugar,  two 
ounces  of  chopped  peanuts  and  10  drops 
of  almond  extract.  Butter  molds,  fill 
with  the  mixture  and  bake  for  20  min¬ 
utes. 

Fig  Pudding. — Chop  one  pound  of  figs 
up  fine,  add  half  a  pound  of  flour,  half  a 
pint  of  bread  crumbs,  a  pound  of 
chopped  suet,  half  a  teaspoonful  of  salt, 
a  pound  of  sugar,  four  eggs,  and  milk 
enough  to  mix  as  stiff  as  bread  dough. 
Pour  into  a  mold  and  boil  six  hours;  if 
the  water  grows  low,  more  must  be 
added.  Serve  with  foam  sauce. 

Potato  Pudding. — Beat  the  yolks  of 
four  eggs  and  three-quarters  of  a  cupful 
of  sugar  until  light,  add  the  grated  rind 
and  juice  of  half  an  orange,  half  a  cup¬ 
ful  of  seeded  raisins,  half  a  cupful  of 
chopped  English  walnuts  and  a  cupful 
of  potatoes  which  have  been  boiled, 
cooled  and  grated ;  lastly  fold  in  the 
stiffly  beaten  whites  of  eggs.  Turn  into 
a  buttered  pudding  form  and  bake  about 
30  minutes  in  a  moderate  oven.  Serve 
with  any  liquid  pudding  sauce,  but  pref¬ 
erably  a  sauce  made  from  rich  fruit 
syrup. 

Arabian  Pudding. — Two  rounded 
tablespoonful  of  butter,  four  tablespoon¬ 
fuls  of  sugar,  four  tablespoonfuls  of 
milk,  one  beaten  egg,  one  and  one- 
fourth  cups  of  flour,  one  teaspoonful  of 
baking  powder,  one  dozen  stoned  and 
chopped  dates,  one-fourth  cupful  chopped 
pecans  or  walnuts.  Bake  in  a  quick  oven 
20  minutes  or  longer.  Serve  warm  with 
whipped  cream  sweetend  and  flavored 
with  vanilla. 

Prune  Pudding. — One  pint  of  milk, 
one-half  a  cup  of  bread  crumbs,  one-half 
a  cup  of  sugar,  three  eggs,  one  table- 
spoonful  of  butter,  one  cup  of  chopped 
prunes  and  a  dash  of  cinnamon.  Beat 
the  sugar,  eggs,  salt  and  cinnamon  to¬ 
gether,  then  add  the  milk,  stirring  well 
the  while,  and  shake  in  the  crumbs  and 
chopped  prunes.  .  Dot  the  pudding  top 
with  bits  of  butter,  and  bake  slowly  until 
the  custard  is  firmly  set.  To  serve  it 
with  a  delicate  lemon  flavored  sauce 
makes  it  doubly  delicious. 


Birch  Bark  Picture  Frames. 

T  have  seen  very  pretty  picture  frames 
made  of  birch  bark.  Can  you  tell  me  what 
the  red  or  green  around  the  edge  is ;  also 
the  straw  colored  material  that  holds  the 
frame  together?  M.  s. 

This  question  is  very  indefinite,  as  we 
are  not  told  what  the  frames  are  like. 
It  is  most  probable  the  material  used 
with  them  is  raffia  fiber,  as  this  is  often 
used  in  such  work.  This  can  be  bought 
in  a  great  variety  of  colors  from  deal¬ 
ers  in  artists’  materials  or  fancy  work. 

The  matter  of  using  birch  bark  is  a 
somewhat  tender  subject,  as  we  have 
never  yet  printed  any  reference  to  it 
without  receiving  indignant  letters  from 
well-meaning  people  who  accuse  us  of 
defacing  natural  beauty  by  encouraging 
vandals  to  flay  these  trees.  We  have 
never  yet  been  guilty  of  skinning  a 
birch  tree,  and  have  tried  to  dissuade 
others  from  doing  it,  but  where  such  a 
tree  has  been  cut  down  we  have  appre¬ 
ciated  the  usefulness  of  its  bark,  espe¬ 
cially  in  making  flower  pot  covers  and 
rustic  baskets.  A  birch  bark  fern  dish, 
containing  an  inner  dish  of  earthenware 
to  resist  moisture,  filled  with  partridge- 
berry,  green  moss,  and  little  woods  ever¬ 
greens,  is  a  charming  gift  in  Fall  or 
Winter,  which  the  town  dweller  will  ap¬ 
preciate. 


Christmas 
Catalog  is  Ready 


Wonderful  Christmas  mer¬ 
chandise  ,  and  1000  toys  and 
games.  Let  the  Kiddies  see 
the  pictures  and  you'll 
know  instantly  what  will 
please  them  most. 

Over  50  pages  of  our  Gen¬ 
eral  Winter  Catalog  are  de¬ 
voted  to  Christmas  sugges¬ 
tions.  Ask  for  that,  too. 

Both  are  free  onrequest. 

Write  us  today:  "Send 
Christmas  Catalog  No  .202.  " 

JOHN  WANAMAKER,  New  York 


Brightest, 

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Xur  ,tl5lVxeam  burner  llts  other  lamps. 
Corapletellno  for  homes,  stores,  etc.  Ask 
for  our  liberal  agency  proposition. 

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Oiilci'S  at  — Chicago,  III.,  Portland,  Ore.,  Wnterhur/  Conn., 
Dallas,  Tex.,  Winnipeg,  Montreal,  Canada 


“FUMA 


55  kills  Prairie  Dogs, 
Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
and  Grain  Insects. 
“The  wheels  of  tile  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 


ingly  small.”  So  the  -weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

^with  “  Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  are  doing. 

EDWARD  R.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. 


LET  US  TAN 
YOUR  HIDE. 

Cattle  or  Horse  hide,  Calf,  Dog,  Deer, 
or  any  kind  of  skin  with  hair  or  fur  on. 
We  make  them  soft,  light,  odorless, 
wind,  moth  and  water  proof,  and  make 
them  into  coats  (for  men  or  women), 
robes,  rugs  or  gloves  when  so  ordered. 

Your  fur  goods  will  cost  you  loss  than 
to  buy  them,  and  bo  worth  more.  It 
will  certainly  pay  you  to  look  into  it. 

Our  illustrated  catalog  gives  a  lot  of 
information.  Tells  how  to  take  off  and 
caro  for  hides  ;  how  we  pay  the  freight 
both  ways  ;  about  our  marvelous  brush 
dyeing  process  which  is  a  tremendous 
advantage  to  the  customer,  especially 
on  horse  hides  and  calf  skins;  about 
the  goods  we  sell,  taxidermy,  etc.,  but 
we  never  send  out  this  valuable  book 
except  upon  request.  If  you  want  a 
copy  send  in  your  correct  address. 

The  Crosby  Frisian  Fur  Company, 

571  Lyell  Ave.,  Rochester.  N.  Y. 


1142 


THE  RWRAE  NEW-YORKER 


November  ii, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

A.  BREEDER  TALKS  SENSE. 

The  four  animals  figured  in  Figs.  462 
and  463  represent  $12,500.  One  of  them, 
shown  alone  in  Fig.  463,  King  Segis 
Pontiac  Alcartra  No.  79602,  was  born 
November  16,  1910.  We  bought  him  at 
a  famous  sale  in  June,  1911,  where  his 
price  was  started  at  $6,000;  in  a  few 
minutes  lie  went  to  $9,000,  and  he  kept 


bulls  sell  for  $100  that  ought  to  be 
killed,  but  just  because  they  were  regis¬ 
tered  they  must  be  good.  Right  here  is 
where  many  a  mistake  is  made;  those 
$10  and  $20  registered  bull  calves,  I  be¬ 
lieve,  have  done  more  harm  to  the  dairy 
business  than  any  other  one  thing  that 
I  know  of,  as  they  are  mostly  out  of 
the  very  poorest  registered  cows,  and  1 
know  that  many  farmers  with  a  grade 
herd  would  be  much  better  off  to  buy 
a  $100  bull  calf  than  a  $100  grade  cow, 
1  have  also  seen  some  of  our  best 


FOUR  CHOICE  IIOLSTEINS.~Fig.  463.  ] 


going  up  from  that  at  $100  bids  until  he 
was  finally  sold  to  me  for  $10,000.  The 
three  heifer  calves  show  a  daughter  of 
“Pledge  SpofTord  Calamity  Paul,”  a  son 
of  the  great  cow  Dichter  Calamity,  who 
has  a  record  of  32.40  pounds  of  butter 
in  seven  days.  The  dam  of  this  heifer 
is  a  26-pound  daughter  of  llengerveld 
l)c  Kol.  We  value  this  calf  at  $1,000, 
but  would  not  sell  her  for  that  amount. 
The  other  calf  is  a  daughter  of  the 
world’s  champion  four-year-old  heifer 
that  has  produced  over  34  pounds  of 
butter  in  seven  days.  This  calf  is  also 
valued  at  $1,000.  The  other  heifer  is  a 
granddaughter  of  Pleasant  Valley  Kate 
2d,  another  great  1  lolstein  cow.  There 


farmers  pay  $100  and  over  for  grade 
cow  and  $75  for  a  registered  cow.  I 
have  known  them  to  sell  the  calves  out 
of  that  registered  cow  for  $50  each,  but 
still  condemn  the  registered  cow  be¬ 
cause  she  doesn’t  give  any  more  milk 
than  $100  grades.  I  honestly  believe 
the  time  has  come  when  it  will  pay  any 
farmer  better,  and  he  will  get  more  ac¬ 
tual  profit  out  of  20  good  registered 
cows  than  out  of  50  grade  cows  with 
no  more  money  invested,  as  in  the  past 
season  grade  cows  have  been  selling 
for  $100  and  over,  their  calves  selling 
for  $3  each,  where  registered  cows 
have  been  selling  for  about  $250,  their 
calves  selling  at  $50  and  more.  Here 


ICING  SEGIS  PONTTAC  ALCARTRA.  Fig.  463. 


is  no  doubt  that  some  of  your  readers 
will  think  that  these  animals  are  kept 
for  ornaments,  but  J  can  assure  you 
they  are  not,  as  they  are  here  as  a 
business  proposition.  First  of  all  some 
will  think:  “How  can  he  ever  get  his 
money  out  of  that  bull?”  I  am  sure  in 
saying  that  if  lie  lives  two  years  he 
will  not  owe  us  a  dollar.  1  have  al¬ 
ready  booked  20  head  to  be  bred  to 
him  at  a  fee  of  $200  each.  I  also  have 
bull  calves  engaged,  sired  by  him  out  of 
some  of  our  cows,  as  high  as  $1,000 
each;  this  means  that  before  he  is  two 
years  old  lie  will  return  $5,000,  besides 
our  own  herd  to  be  bred  to  him. 

I  am  glad  to  say  that  Orange  County 
is  coming,  and  some  of  the  most  noted 
strains  of  the  Holstein  breed  can  now 
be  found  here.  It  is  nothing  new  to  see 
Western  buyers  come  here  to  look  for 
a  carload  of  good  cattle,  but  still  it 
seems  hard  to  get  some  wideawake 
farmers  interested  in  purebred  stock; 
nine  farmers  out  of  10  will  give  you 
the  same  story — “there  is  nothing  in 
farming;”  but  why  is  it  so?  On  dairy 
farms  it  is  the  kind  of  cattle  that  arc 
being  kept  in  many  dairies;  20  cows 
out  of  50  are  kept  at  no  profit,  and  10 
of  the  20  arc  actually  kept  at  a  loss ; 
not  even  a  registered  sire  is  kept  to 
raise  and  improve  the  dairy.  It  is  true 
that  there  is  many  a  registered  bull 
that  should  have  been  slaughtered  in¬ 
stead  of  using  him  at  the  head  of  a 
herd,  but  many  farmers  think  as  long 
as  a  bull  is  registered  he  must  be  all 
right.  I  have  seen,  at  many  auctions, 


comes  the  cry — “If  we  all  had  regis¬ 
tered  stock  we  would  not  be  able  to 
sell  them.”  True,  if  we  did,  but  just 
now  as  I  am  told  there  are  only  about 
three  per  cent  of  registered  cattle  in  the 
country  and  it  has  taken  more  than  a 
man’s  lifetime  to  get  them,  so  let  us 
try  to  get  the  other  97  per  cent  regis¬ 
tered,  and  don’t  think  that  any  old 
registered  cow  will  do  to  start  with. 
Any  man  who  can  possibly  afford  to 
do  so,  will  do  much  better  to  buy  10 
$500  cows  than  100  $50  cows.  This  has 
proven  itself  true  in  every  case  that  I 
know  of.  Most  of  the  failures  in  the 
purebred  line  have  been  with  the  cheap 
man,  where  two  cows  were  bought  for 
the  price  of  one,  and  this  means  double 
work  and  double  feed  for  a  single  re¬ 
turn.  JOHN-  ARFMANN. 


/■Earn  $10  a  day 

Sawing  firewood,  lumber,  lath,  posts, 
etc.,  on  contract  work.  You  can  cut 
more  and  cut  much  easier  with  a 


Hertzler  &  Zook 


Portable 

Wood 


As  lOW  as  AbHolutcly  th6  cheapoHt  find  bent  saw 
mink*.  Guaranteed  lor  1  year. 
Bold  nt  factory  prloes—SlO  and  up. 
Bavo  middleman's  prot't.  Operates 
easier  than  other  saws  becuuso 
stick  i.t  low  and  the  saw 
draws  it  on  ns  goon  as  it 
touches  the  saw.  Only  $10 
oaw  to  which  ripping  table  cuu 
be  added.  Big  money  inukers 
and  savers.  Semi  for  Catalogue. 


HERTZLER  <fc  ZOOK  CO. 
Box  3  Belleville,  Pa. 


1  •niiRJ 

Write  for  Free  Booklet 

'How  t )  Raise  Calves  Cheaply  and  Successfully  Without  Milk' 

Contains  full  information  and  complete  feeding  directions  for  using 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal — The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute 

Three  or  four  calve9  can  be  raised  on  it  at  the  cost  of  one  where  milk  is  fed. 
jNo  mill  feed  The  only  calf  meal  manufactured  in  an  exclusive  Calf  Meal  Factory 
Established  at  Leicester,  England,  in  1609,. 

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MINERAL 


HEAVE 

REMEDY 


NEGLECT  « 

Will  Ruin 
Your  Horse' 

Send  today  for 

only  Hi 

PERMANENT*', 

CUREjj 

SAFE  ^ 
CERTAIN 
Mineral  Heave  Remedy 


$3  PACKAGE 

will  euro  any  case  or 
money  refunded. 

$1  PACKAGE 

cures  ordinary  cases. 

Postpaid  on  receipt  of  price.j 
Agents  Wanted 

Write  for  (bno-riptivo 
booklet 

Co., 461  Fourth  Avenae,Pittsl>urg, Pa. 


hil 


Cures  Strained,  I’titTy  Ankles, 
l.y  niphungit  is,  Toll  Evil,  Fistula, 
Holls,  Sores,  Wire  Cuts,  Bruises, 
Swellings,  l.anieness,  and  allays 
l’aln  quickly  without  mistering:, 
removing  t  ho  liair,  or  laving  tbo  horso 
uTioru  After  .Pleasant  to  uso.  Et.00  per  bottle, 
delivered.  Describo  your  case  for 
special  Instructions  and  Itoolc  5  R  free. 

A  I5SO  It  BIN  E,  J  It.,  liniment  for  mankind.  For 
Strains,  Painful,  Knotted,  Swollen  Veins,  Milk  Leg, 
Gout.  Price  $1.00  per  bottlo  at  dealers  or  delivered. 

W.F.Y0UNG,  P.D.F.,  88  TempleSt.,Sprlnofield,Mass. 


Heaves 

Cured 


NEWTON’S  REMEDY  —  21  years’  salo 

removes  the  cause.  Prevents  and  euros  Indigent ion 
Coughs,  Distempers.  Death  to  Heaves.  Removes Intestinal 
worms  and  i.s  an  excellent  conditioner.  Standard 
remedy  for  21  years.  Guaranteed  for  Heaves.  At  dealers' 
or  direct,  prepaid  $1  a  can.  Book  explains  fully,  free. 
THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO.,  Tolodo,  Ohio 


Here's  the  sure 
and  speedy  way  to  cure 
your  horse  of  spavin  or 
nc,  or  ior  removing 
curbs,  splints,  etc. 

Save  Your  Horse 
With  A  $1.00  Bottlo 

:’s  all  this  30-ycar  old  remedy  costs. — Get 
bottle  today— save  veterinary  bills.  At 
all  good  druggists  or  l>y  mail. 

I  W.B.Eddy&Co.Box  W  Whitehall  N.Y 


$/. 


.for  a  Horse 

Save  a  horso  and  you  won’t 
have  to  buy  ono.  Don’t  Sell 
or  destroy  any  horso  on 
account  of  Spavin,  Splint. 
Ringbone,  Curb,  Sprains  or 
any  lameness.  Spend  ono 
dollar  for  a  bottle  of 

Kendall's  Spavin  Cure 

— tbo  old  reliable  remedy.  Thousands  have  made  big 
money  buying  "broken  down”  horses,  then  curing 
them  with  Kendall's.  Thousands  have  saved  big 
money  using  tills  safo,  reliable,  economical  euro 
Mr.  U.  It.  Corbin  of  Klngmout,  W.  Va.,  writes:. 

‘•Gentlemen:— Have  used  a  great  deal 
of  Kendall’s  Spavin  Cure  and  have  never 
found  anything  equal  to  It,  I  used  Hon 
a  mare  which  I  only  paid  fifty  dollars 
for  and  since  I  cured  Iter  of  the 
Spavin  I  have  refused  to  take  two 
hundred  dollars  for  Iter.” 

Can  you  call  a  euro  "hopeless”  in 
the  face  of  these  factsl 
Got  Kendall’s  Spavin  Cure  at 
any  druggist’s.  Price,  ?1  per 
bottlo.  0  bottles  for  ts.00.  "A 
Treatise  on  the  Horso”  free 
ut  druggists  or  from 
DR.  B.  I.  KENDALL  CO. 

Kiumlturg  Knits,  Vermont,  tl.  S.  A. 


How  To  Treat  Stock 


E'D'E1'!?  This  book  is  Invnlu- 
*  nki0  to  every  farm¬ 

er  and  stockman— but  freo  to 
you  Cure  horso  colic,  calf  coho, 
all  animal  aliments  without  call¬ 
ing  veterinary.  Also  Investigate 

ADAMS  REMOV-ALL 

— curesspuvin,  sprains,  bog  spav¬ 
in,  tboropln,  capped  book,  etc. 

Dost  results  guaranteed  or  money  back. 

Leaves  no  scars  or  will  te  lull  rs.  W  rl  to  at  onco  for  freo 
book  to  protect  your  stoekaud  save  money.  Address 
H.  C.  ADAMS  MFG.  CO.,  Dept.  SO  ,  Algona,  la. 


aro  now  in  season.  Tltcy  aro  quickly 
eradicated  by 

Summers’ 
Worm  Powders 

Thirty  Years’  Popularity:  Dead  Bbot 
every  time:  Largest  Bale.  7-lb.  pkg., 
$1.:  3-lb  pkg..  Me.  Ofall Pnigglstsor 

F.  S.  BURCH  &  CO. 

64W.lllinois  St.  Chicago, 111. 

Illustrated  Catalog  of 
Stockmen's  SupplloB 
Free. 


Give  the  Swindler 
The  Laugh 

Learn  to  detect  the  tricks  that  professional 
“gyps”  and  crooked  dealers  work  in  order  to 
beat  you  in  a  horse  trade.  Read 

44 Horse  Secrets” 

as  told  by  Dr.  A.  S.  Alexander,  the  famous  vet¬ 
erinarian,  and  published  by  Farm  Journal  for 
tile  protection  of  its  friends  and  supporters 
against  fraud.  This  book  reveals  every  frame- 
up  practiced  by  the  slickest  rascals  in  the 
business — the  “Widow  Dodge,’’  the  **  fresh 
butter”  trick,  the  “ginger”  trick  and  scorcsof 
o titers.  Also  cont  ains  t lie  most  practical  advice 
as  to  the  care  and  cure  of  horses.  The  most 
complete  and  valuable  book  of  its  kind  ever 
published — offered  to  you  witli  a  four  year9 
subscription  to  the  most  helpful  and  prac¬ 
tical  farm  paper  published — 

Farm  Journal 

—util  ike  any  other  paper — teaches  the  doc  trine 
of  cominonsense  farming  in  a  forceful,  to-tlie- 
point  and  interesting  tvay  all  its  own.  A  sen¬ 
sible,  cheerful  .clean,  quaint  little  paper  which 
lias  carried  sunshine  and  valuable  advice  into 
country  homes  for  thirty-five  years,  and  how 
numbers  upward  of  four  mill  ion  readers. 
This  paper  monthly  for  four  years  aud  "Horse 
Secrets”  at  once  postpaid 

Botli  For  $i.o o 

Send  for  them  at  once,  and  if,  on  the  receipt 
of  the  book,  you  don’t  believe  that  in  it  alone 
you  have  much  more  titan  your  money’s  worth, 
say  so  and  we’ll  stop  the  paper  at  orce. 

Farm  Journal,  130  N.  Clifton  St.,  Philadelphia 


yi 


Makes  Easy  Work  ol 
Keeping  Stables  Clean 

This  Carrier  carries  an  800  pound  load  any 
distance.  Dumps  at  any  desired  point.  Solid, 
high  carbon  steel  track  allows  any  number 
uf  curves.  Self  lowering  and  other  features 
found  only  In 


PORTER 


FEED  and 
Litter  Carriers 

Heavy  galvanized  sleel  Joints  soldered  inside. 
Watertight.  Lowers  to  barn  floor.  Auto¬ 
matically  locked  when  elevated.  Perfected 
Hoisting  Device  enables  a  boy  to  raise  heavy 
load  easily.  Tub  turns  completely  over. 
Porter  Steel  Stalls  and  Stanchions  econ¬ 
omize  space,  lessen  work,  are  sanitary, 

(let  catalog  of  Porter  Steel  Stalls  anil 
Stanchions,  porter  Utter  and  Peed 
Carriers. 

J.  E.  PORTER  CO.  Ottawa,  III. 

(Established  1868) 


COOK  YOUR  FEED  and  SAVE 

Half  the  Cost— with  the 

PROFIT  FARM  BOILER 


With  Dumping  Caldron.  Kmptioa 
its  koltloiu  ono  minute.  The  simplest 
and  host  arrangement  for  cooking 
food  forstock.  AIho  make  Dalryund 
Laundry  Stoves,  AVater  and 
Steam  .Jacket  Kettles,  Hog 
Scalders,  Caldrons, etc.  2 ySend 
for  particulars  and  usk  for  circular  .) 

D.  It.  HPKitUY  &  UO..  Batavia,  lu. 


Henry  II.  Albertson,  Burl¬ 
ington,  N.  ,T.,  writes:  “My 
new  Stanchions  add  greatly 
to  the  comfort  of  my  cows.” 

WHY  TORTURE 

yours  with  rigid  stanchions? 

Bend  for  specifications 
of  inexpensive  yet  sani¬ 
tary  ecnv  stable  to 

WALLACE  B.  CBCMIi,  Box  M 8,  Rorcstvllle,  Conn. 


EXCELSIOR  SWING  STANCHION 

Wakuantkd  Tub  Bust.  30  Days'  Tki.u. 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  when  open 
Noisklicss  Simple  Sanitary  Dura  m. it 

Tlie  Wasson  Stanchion  Co., 
Box  60,  Cuba,  N.  Y. 


95  and  Upward 

AMERICAN 


SEPARATOR 


FREE  TRIAL.  FULLY  CUARAIIIFL0. 

Kasy  running.  Knsl'y  cleaned. 
Whether  dairy  Is  largo  or  small, 
obtain  our  handsome  free  catalog.  Address 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR  CO.  bainbkYogl  fr.  y. 


1911. 


THifi  RUKA.I*.  NEW-YORKER 


1143 


The  Now  York  Exchange  price  is  $1.91 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  four  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


MILK  CONDITIONS  IN  NKW  ENGLAND. 

Milk  prices  in  Massachusetts  and  all  New 
England  for  Boston  milk  are.  on  the  aver¬ 
age,  below  that  received  for  the  same 
months  a  year  ago.  This  Winter’s  supply 
for  the  Boston  market  is  also  below  that 
of  last  Winter  at  this  time  and  is  likely 
to  continue  below  all  the  season.  High 
grain  prices  and  short  supply  of  fodder 
in  general  combined  with  the  low  price  paid, 
is  responsible  for  this.  This  is  the  season 
when  the  larger  contractors  usually  pay  a 
higher  price  for  the  three  first  months  of 
the  Winter  season  than  the  later  three. 
They  are  departing  from  their  custom  this 
year  and  in  most  eases  paying  a  straight 
price  for  each  month  of  the  contract.  They 
are  also  apparently  paying  different  prices 
in  different  localities  for  the  same  grade  of 
milk.  The  farmers  in  general  are  inclined 
to  take  things  as  they  come  and  are  not 
to  any  extent  exerting  themselves  to  increase 
their  production.  They  are  not  in  most 
cases  buying  fresh  cows  to  the  extent  that 
they  many  times  do  at  this  season.  The 

B.  C.  II.  P.  Co.  has  done  good  work  but 
they  have  not  received  all  the  support  they 
should,  and  are  somewhat  discouraged.  The 
present  officers  talk  of  stepping  out  when 
their  term  is  up  in  January  and  let  others 
take  the  job.  The  situation  Is  extremely 
critical  and  will  take  careful  management, 
good  judgment  and  a  strong  determination 
to  fight  to  the  last  ditch  to  secure  a 
reasonable  compensation  for  our  dairy  pro¬ 
ducts  in  the  future.  If  we  hang  together, 
work  together,  and  don’t  ever  give  up,  we 
win,  otherwise  the  outcome  is  doubtful. 
The  C.  Brigham  Co.  pay  for  November  in 
this  locality  30  cents  at  the  car,  which 
means  In  most  cases  33  cents  net  to  the 
farmer.  The  Whitings,  who  control  the 

C.  B.  Co.,  the  I).  Whiting  &  Sons  Co.,  and 
the  Elm  Farm  Co.,  are  paying  in  the  aeven- 
cent  zone  in  Massachusetts  34  %  cents, 
while  in  the  same  zone  in  New  Hampshire 
they  pay  35 %  cents.  The  Hoods  are  pay¬ 
ing  less  than  this  h.v  one  or  two  cents  in 
some  cfTsos.  The  Deerfoot  Farm  Co.  pay 
37  to  42  cents,  according  to  quality,  at  the 
car,  or  two  or  three  cents  less  at  the 
farmer’s  door.  Alden  Bros,  pay  33  cents 
at  the  farm.  The  peddlers  who  buy  their 
milk  within  20  miles  of  the  city  pay  various 
prices,  from  88  to  40  cents  a  can.  In 
many  cases  these  peddlers  come  to  the 
farm  after  the  milk  and  so  the  farmer  re¬ 
ceives  this  price  at  the  farm  :  in  other  cases 
the  farmer  has  to  cart  the  milk  a  few 
miles,  usually  not  over  three  at  the  most. 
For  milk  which  they  buy  further  back  and 

'  which  is  shipped  on  the  cars,  they  pay  38 
to  42  cents  delivered  at  the  car.  At 

present  they  are  not  getting  as  much  as 
they  wish  and  are  urging  the  fanners  to 
buy  more  cows.  The  Hoods  recently  lost 
1.000  cans  of  milk  in  New  Hampshire'  and 
Vermont  by  refusing  to  pay  the  farmers’ 
price.  The  C.  Brigham  Co.  have  lost  sev¬ 
eral  hundred  cans  in  the  late  past  for  the 
same  reason,  nnd  an1  informing  their  dairies 
that  they  must  keep  up  their  supply  at  this 
time  as  the  company  will  not  take  any 
larger  nmount  later  in  the  season  than  the 
average  received  now  from  each  dairy.  Tn 
fact  nil  parties  Interested  in  Boston  milk 
are  somewhat  on  edge  as  to  what  the  out¬ 
come  of  the  whole  business  will  be. 

The  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  is 
now  In  session  at  Washington  considering 
the  transportation  side  of  the  question, 
chiefly  In  regard  to  charges  on  out-of-the- 
Rtate  milk  which  at  present  time  is  coming 
in  at  a  cheaper  rate  than  Massachusetts 
re'lk.  because  the  can  rate  is  the  rule  in 
Massachusetts  nnd  the  car  rate  goes  for 
outside  the  State  at  this  time.  State  leg¬ 
islation  is  expected  on  some  of  these  ques¬ 
tions  when  the  Legislature  meets  and  the 
question  is,  will  what  is  to  he  done  in  this 
line  benefit  the  farmer  on  put  more  burdens 
on  his  back?  If  the  latter  result  is 
brought,  about  it  will  in  the  end  cost  the 
consumer  more  for  his  milk  because  it  is 
certain  to  cut  the  supply  more  or  less,  and 
when  the  seller  finds  this  out  ho  is  sure 
to  take  all  the  advantage  from  the  situa¬ 
tion  he  is  able  to  get.  a.  e.  p. 


Jefferson  County,  N  Y.,  Cheese. 

With  an  output  of  203.132  boxes  of  cheese, 
valued  at  $1,469,794,  the  Watertown  Pro¬ 
duce  Exchange  celebrated  the  close  of  the 
season  of  1911  with  its  sixteenth  annual 
banquet,  Friday  evening,  November  10.  The 
average  price  for  the  season  was  12  cents, 
ns  against  14  cents  one  year  ago.  The 
total  transactions  for  1910  were  190.415 
boxes,  valued  at  $1,588,001.  The  lowest 
n''ice  paid  during  the  season  of  1911  was 
9%  cents  nnd  the  highest.  14%  cents.  The 
market  ruled  steady  throughout  the  sea 
son  with  a  gradual  upward  tendency.  Quo 
tntlons  did  not  go  below  11  cents  after 
June  10.  The  average  wrrjr.y  output  was 
7.523  boxes,  with  an  average  value  of  about 
*55,000.  The  season  extended  from  May 
0  to  November  10.  the  largest  day’s  sale's 
being  11,321  -boxes  on  June  17.  One  year 
ago  15%  cents  was  the  highest  quotation 
reached,  while  prices  did  not  go  below 
12%  cents.  The  lower  average  price  this 
season  was  partlv  offset  by  a  larger  pro¬ 
duction,  so  that  the  aggregate  value  of  the 
output  was  not  much  below  that  of  1910. 

The  high  prices  ruling  for  dairy  products 
during  the  past  few  years  have  encouraged 
d"irymen  to  make  many  improvements  to 
their  plants,  and  more  modern  dairy  barns 
nnd  silos  have  been  erected  in  northern 
New  York  during  the  past  three  years  than 
In  any  like  preceding  period.  With  prices 
on  cheese  closing  nt  the  highest  point  of 
the  season  dairymen  are  looking 
to  a  prosperous  year  in  1912, 
amount  of  cheese  held  In  storage 
less  than  at  the  close  of  the 
1910. 


forward 
ns  the 
is  much 
season  of 
L.  L.  A. 


The  milk  problem  seems  to  be  trouble- 
seme  all  over  the  world.  In  France  the 
situation  has  become  almost  unendurable. 
The  long  drought  destroyed  pastures  and 
fodder  crops  and  disease  has  killed  many 
cattle.  Consul  T.  If.  Mason  says:  “Paris 
consumes  dally  under  normal  conditions 
about  1,100.000  liters  (1,102.308  quarts)  of 
milk,  but  the  present  supply  is  200.000 
liters  (211.330  quarts)  short  of  that 
amount,  nnd  a  united  effort  Is  being  made 
hv  the  wholesale  dealers  and  the  railways 
to  draw  the  dally  supply  from  a  greatly 
Increased  area  of  country  Milk  is  now 


being  brought  from  points  as  remote  as  the 
Department  of  Cbarente.  a  distance  of  al¬ 
most  300  miles.  At  certain  dairy  stores  in 
Baris  the  supply  is  so  limited  that  only  a 
liter  (a  little  more  than  a  quart)  is  sold 
for  each  child  or  invalid  in  families  which 
include  young  children  or  aged  persons  for 
whom  milk  is  necessary  as  a  daily  food.” 


Close  Quarters  for  Cows. 

Living  in  the  city  limits  with  five  acres 
of  land,  two  acres  seeded  down  to  Alfalfa 
and  the  other  part  planted  with  corn  and 
mangels,  with  silo  prepared  into  which  to 
put  the  corn  stover,  is  it  considered  prac¬ 
tical  to  keep  a  number  of  milking  cows 
and  stall-feed  same  the  year  round,  and 
how  many  could  be  kept,  provided  enough 
grain  and  oil  meal  was  purchased  to  make 
a  good  balanced  ration?  e.  k.  h. 

Ilinols. 

No  one  could  answer  such  a  question 
without  more  details.  Cows  can  be  kept  in 
that  way  with  a  box  stall  and  a  small 
yard  to  run  in,  hut  it  is  not  the  best  way. 
As  to  the  number — it  depends  on  how  much 
you  can  grow  to  the  acre.  Alfalfa  runs 
from  two  tons  to  six  tons  per  acre,  and 
silage  corn  from  five  to  40  tons.  We 
should  figure  on  six  tons  of  silage  and  two 
tons  or  more  of  Alfalfa  hay  per  year  for 
each  cow. 

XI  O  JET.  SES 


Pcrcheron  and  Beloian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 

at.  farmers’  prices.  A  W.  GREEN,  Ronto  1, 
Middlofield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  ()., 
on  I’enna.  R.R.,  30  milo.s  north  of  Youngstown,  O, 

Having:  .JTist  Arrived  ft*om  tho  Now 
York  State  Fair  with  a  lot  of 

PREMIUM  HORSES 

We  are  now  ready  for  business  at  prices  nover 
heard  of  before.  Wo  liavo  both  Imported  and 
Home-Bred  Registered 

PERCHERONS  ONLY 

Prices— $550  to  $750  on  Mares,  according 
to  age,  weight  and  size. 
Stallions  from  $500  to  $2,000. 

These  prices  include  the  Great  Stallion  NOGEN- 
TAIN,  winning  first  with  throe  of  his  got;  also  the 
5-year-old  Stallion  ROULE,  winning  tho  4-yoar-old 
and  ovor  class  with  14  animals  in  tho  ring. 

Wo  liavo  on  hand  in  all  about  SIXTY  HEAD 
Don’t  wait  to  write— eonie  and  see  ns  at  once.  No 
peaches  and  cream,  hut  plenty  of  plnms,  and  plumb 
good  ouos. 

]>.  J.  GKINDKI.I.,  Kenton,  Ohio 


GREAT 

*5 

f 

ANNUAL 

utmi S 

AUTUMN 

i  1 

Is,  J 

SALE! 

j p,rv'.,~  - 

TO  BK  DELI)  AT  THE  NOTED 

SHARON  VALLEY  STOCK  FARM,  Newark,  Ohie 
On  Friday  and  Saturday,  Dec.  8th  and  9th,  1911 

inn  Be|£ian,  Percheron  &  German  inn 
I U U  Coach  Stallions  and  Mares  IUU 

Mares  liavo  all  beon  bred,  both  Bolginn  and  Per- 
Cheron,  to  tho  very  best  stallions  of  tho  land.  A 
largo  por  cent  of  thoso  mares  liavo  been  carefully 
mated,  and  anyone  lucky  enough  to  get  a  pair  of 
them  has  a  fortune  in  iiis  liana  if  properly  taken 
care  of.  Those  maros  run  in  age  3  and  3  years  old, 
colors  hays,  blacks,  greys  and  chestnuts,  weighing 
from  1500  to  1800  11, s.  each. 

It  is  to  the  intorost  of  every  prosperous  man  to 
attend  this  sale.  Bad  weather  makes  no  interfer¬ 
ence,  as  tiio  sale  is  hold  in  the  barn.  SIXTY  head 
or  thoso  mares  will  arrive  just  four  days  before 
this  salo.  'Perms  will  be  known  on  day  of  salo. 
bend  0  cents  and  got  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

The  Sharon  Valley  Stock  Farm  is  so  well  and 
favorably  known  for  good  stallions  and  maros, 
with  fair  dealings,  that  any  further  comments  are 
useloss  to  say  to  tho  people. 

Free  conveyances  to  and  from  tho  farm. 

Do  not  fail  to  conn,  and  bring  your  friends. 

COL.  GEO.  W.  CRAWFORD 
Proprietor  of  Sharon  Valley  Stock  Farm.  NEWARK,  OHIO 
F.  W.  ANDREWS,  Auctioneer. 

Both  Phones  Citizens  1252;  Bell  651  W. 


SHEEP 


30  Registered  Shropshire  EWES  for  sale.  Also 
yearling  RAMS.  B.  B.  Covert,  Lodi,  N.  Y. 


FOR  SALE— -Choice  pure-bred  Rams— Shropshires, 
Hanipshiros  and  Southdowns  (yearlings  &  lambs) 
at  prices  m  accordance  to  tho  times.  Correspond- 
enee  invited,  C.  0.  Pattriiiue,  Cold  Spriup  Farm.  Perry,  N.Y. 

IE  YOU  WANT 

SHROPSHIRE  orSOUTHOOWN  SHEEP 

of  tho  best  breeding  and  quality,  write  the 
NIAGARA  STOCK  FARM,  J.  C,  Duncan,  Mgr 
_ _ Lewiston,  N.  Y. 

1/ 

I.  THE  BEST  SHEEP  DIP. 

,!!  £EST  llCE  flN0  FlEfl  killer. 
W  III.  the  BEST  DEODORIZER. 

Combined  in  one  unequalled  propa- 
„  .  .  ration.  Try  it.  Sample  half-pint 

can  mailed  froo  on  roceipt  of  25  cents  in  stamps, 

Blatchford’s  Calf 


ARBO  III 


Meal 

WAUKEGAN,  ILL. 


Factorv 


Fnr  <valo _ RHAT9  Bre<J  tn  sam  303,  tog- 

TUI  OaltJ  UUAIO  GKNBURG  and  S  A  A- 

NEN.  M.  A.  NICHOLliS,  LOOKPOUT,  N.  Y. 

JS‘\7VI3Vr.'ES 


GIVEMf  Berkshire  or  Duroc  Pig  for  a  few 
hours  of  your  time,  stamp  for  parti- 
ciiiars.  PINNA,  IlliKKSHIUH  COMPANY, 
I  Hiinottsburg,  Pennsylvania. 

WfT  0H1°  BLUE  RIBBON  HERD  MULE  FOOT  HOtiS 

rl/  Largest  prize  winning  show  and  breeding  herd, 
n  "I  jo.,0*  °t  1111  “Vos.  Seven  big  Herd 

Boars.  JOHN  II.  IHJNIAF,  li„x  g,  WILLIAMS POItT,  OHIO. 

FOR  ^A|  C-Sovernl  first-class  1‘TGR  out  of  a 
I  Ull  OrtLL  son  of  MASTERPIECE,  $0.00  each, 
registered.  Also  THE  SIRE,  after  1st  of  Docom- 
her— twonty  months  old — first-class  in  every  way. 
i  aid  $50  lor  him  when  a  young  shoat— sold  to  pre- 
i  vent  inbreeding.  HARRY  B  BOUTON.  Ashville.  N  Y. 


S*  "W"  I  3\T  33 


M  eadow  Brook  Berkshires 

Grand  Fall  Offering  of  largo  ami  vigorous  brood¬ 
ers,  both  sexes,  no  akin,  all  agos.  Also  young 
PIGS  in  pairs  and  trios.  This  stock  represents 
English  and  American  best  strain.  Prices  model- 
ate.  Quality  guaranteed.  Your  address  will  secure 
full  description  and  prices.  Address  SUPT., 
Meadow  Brook  Farm,  Bornardsvillo,  N.  .1. 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eigiit  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PKICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.Y 


START  RIGHT  CET  A  PA,R 


OF  OUR  .  . 

HIGH-BRED  BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

Bred  for  Utility  of  tho  Best  Strains. 

Write  for  particulars. 

CHERRY  HILL  FRUIT  FARM,  Toboso,  Licking  Co.,  Ohio 

Large  Berkshires  at  Highwood 

Regular  Fall  offering  of  Service  Boars  and 
of  young  Pigs  in  pairs  and  trios,  not  akin. 

H.  C.  <it  II.  It.  Harpending,  Dundee,  N.Y. 

SUNNY  BANK  FARM  BERKSHIRES;  For  Sale.  Choice  fall 
nigs;  matings  not  akin;  Masterpiece  and  Long- 
follow  breedings.  Prices  reasonable.  Registration 

free.  A,  F.  JONES,  Box  117,  Brirfneliaiiipfon,  Hew  York. 

SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.- JS.SS 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  In  July ;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON.  Pioorictor,  M nrlileiln In ,  Conn. 


, _  HAMPSHIRE  . . 

4  WELL  MARKED  PICS  L 

\  CHAS.  STEWART  DAVISON  [ 
|  ^  GO  Wall  St.,  New  York  City  | 

FASHIONABLY  BRED  BERKSHIRES 

A  few  Spring  and  Summer  PIGS  for  sale  at  rea¬ 
sonable  prices.  I)r.  J.  R.  ALLEN,  Orwell,  N.  Y. 

LARGE— BROOKFIELD  FARM_Y 0 R KS H I R ES 

Pies  of  June  or  August  farrow,  both  sexes,  from 
the  most  improved  typo  and  registered  breeding,  for 
sale  at  $11)  each  f.o.b.  Buffalo,  crated  with  registered 
certificate,  W.  Allan  Gardner,  Snyder,  Erie  Comity,  N.Y. 

CHESHIRES-'l’ho  long,  deep-bodiod,  white  bacon  hog; 

-  prize  winners  at  State  ami  county  fair. 

W rito  your  wants, _ E.  K,  MORSE.  Moravia,  N.  Y. 

H H F S H I R F Q— Tiotli  sox.  All  agos.  Tho  quality 
UnCOmtlLO  herd,  G.E.  SMITH,  Castile,  N.Y. 

FflR  9AI  F~A  lot  of  CHESHIRE  PIGS, 

I  Ull  OnLL  farrowed  in  September.  Prico, 
$8.00  each,  either  sox,  registered,  crates  and  deliv¬ 
ered  to  Express  Company.  Address  DEPART¬ 
MENT  OK  aNIMA  L  ill  SJBANDRY, Ithaca,  N.  v. 

For  Sale-Registered  Chester  Whites 

Six  wooks  old  Sows  and  Barrows,  $0.00  to  $7.00 

Eight .  "  7.(10  to  8.00 

Yearling  Sows,  bred  to  our  celebrated  Boar,  $20.00 
to  $25.00.  G.  JASON  WATERS,  Fair  Aero  Farm, 
R.  F.  I>.  42,  Norwalk,  conn. 

nilRDP  P| DC— A  few  choice  BOARS,  born  in 
UUIlUll  FIDO  July,  of  finest  breeding — $0.00 
each,  if  taken  at  once;  am  shortof  room.  Edward 
van  Alstyn  k,  Sunnysido  Farm,  Kinderliook,  N.  Y. 

niipnpc  THE  DIG.  DKKI-  KELI.OWS 

UUVTUUO  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  (tilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 


CHELD0N  FARM  registered  Du  rocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
v  Bred  Sowa.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNES,  Oxford,  N.  V. 


Reg.  P.  Chinas,  Berkshires,  C.  Whites. 


Fine,  large  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collio 
Pups,  Beagles  and  Poultry  .Write  for 
prices  &  circulars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Erciidoun  Pa. 

MULE-FOOT iuul  ° 1  c'  r-AMj  PI(:8,  o,i‘''il,I° 

ity  best. 


to  registry. 
T.  GOODWIN, 


Prices  right.  Qual- 
Medina,  Ohio. 


JERSEY  RED  RIGS 

Have  many  superior  qualities:  Small  frames,  but  lay  on 
llesh  fast;  lontf-bodied,  stood  naturetf,  easy  keepers.  Sows 
ijftvi*  lai’fro  littors  ami  do  not  kill  pipes  at  farrowing.  1’itfs 
Kt  ow  fast— produce  350  lbs.  pork  at  9  months.  Nothing 
slow  about  this  breed — quick  money-makers.  Have  some 
extra  fine  offerings  now  at  special  prices.  My  reputation 
as  »  successful  breeder  bark  of  every  sale.  Write  me  today. 
ARTHUR  J.  COLLINS,  Bax  R,  Moorestown,  New  Jersey 

FOR  SALE — At  reasonable  prices — Twenty-eight 
young  REGISTERED  BERKSHIRE  PIGS  from  . 
6  weeks  to  4  months  old,  grandsons  and  daughters  I 
of  Mnstor  Chief,  from  $10.00  up.  CH.  P.  HATCH, 
Plum  Beach  Farm,  Port  Washington,  Long  Island. 

UROC  PIGS,  $6,  Growtliy,  Pedigreed.  Angora 
Kittens.  $3.50  each.  Sorono  Wooks,  DoGraff,  Ohio. 

Pair  Registered  Berkshires 

"Kaloramas"  eighteen  months  old.  in  good 
flesh,  handsome  animals.  Can’t  give  proper 
care  this  winter.  Best  offer  before  Dec.  1st 
takes  them.  S.  H.  SCOTT,  DEPOSIT,  NEW  YORK. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


D 


G 


HESTER  WHITES— Registered  Service  Hours.  Also 
Bred  Gilts.  Address  EUGENE  T.  BLACK,  Scio,  N.  Y. 


1# 

Young 


WE  Have  A  FEW... 

BULLS  FOR  SALE 

TH/IT  ARC  READY  FOR  SERVICE. 

THEY  ARE  FROM  ADVANCED  REGISTRY 
DAMS.  AND  BY  ONE  OF  THE  BEST  SIRES 
OF  THE  H  O  LSTE IN-FRIE  SI  A  N  BREED. 
WE  ARE  SHORT  OF  ROOM  AND  WILL 
MAKE  PRICES  ON  THESE  FELLOWS 
THAT  WILL  SURELY  MOVE  THEM. 

Write  fob  Pedigrees  and  Pricf,8. 

WOODCREST  FARM 

RIFT  ON,  N.  V. 


Reservation  Guernseys 

A  choice  BULL  CA  LK  six  months  and  ono  throe 
months  old.  A.  R.  dams. 

TABER  ft  MIGNIN.  OASTHjB,  N.  Y. 

tm-n-.holsteins 


dale  Herd  of 

are  bred  for  largo  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  host  individuality.  Tho  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot-  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTKLYOU,  SOMERVILLE  N.  J. 

READY  FOR  SERVICER 

DE  KOL  4th,  registered  show  Holstein,  horn 
Dec.  5,  11(10.  Nearly  all  white.  Prize  winner  nt 
Fall  Fairs.  Price,  $100  f.  o.  b.  Send  for  pedigreo. 
CLOVERDALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

MEADOW  BROOK  GUERNSEYS 

Soveral  Bull  Calves  from  one  to  nine  months  old, 
from  dams  and  sires  that  are  prize  winners  and 
large  producers.  If  you  want  quality  and  quantity 
write  us  for  full  particulars.  Address  SUPT., 
Meadow  Brook  Farm,  Bornardsvillo,  N.  J. 

FLORHAM  GUERNSEYS.... 

Soyornl  Yearling  Bulls  for  salo  at  very  moderate 
prices.  Podigroes  and  photographs  furnished. 

J.  L.  HOPE  Madison,  New  Jersey 

SIX  GUERNSEY  BULL  CALVES 

Prices,  Quality  and  Breeding  RIGHT. 

W.  A.  ALKXANDKlt,  Union  Springs,  N.  Y, 

“Q  U  A  L  I  T  Y  ” 

FUR  SALE  THREE  RICHLY  BRED  YOUNG  JERSEY  BULLS. 
DAMS  HAVING  YEARLY  AUTHENTICATED  RECORDS,  as  follows: 

Dam  of  No.  1,  8128.3  lbs.  milk  in  286  days, 

testing  527  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 
Dam  of  No.  2,  11205.3  lbs.  milk  in  305  days, 

testing  701  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 
Dam  of  No.  3,  12840.6  lbs.  milk  in  305  days, 

tosting  803  ibs.  10  oz.  butter 
Write  for  description  and  prices,  or  come  and  see 
them,  visitors  always  welcome. 

E.  W  Mosher,  •*  BKIG I1TSIDK,”  Aurora,  New  York 

M.  S.  BELTZHOOVER’S 

Rochroane  Jersey  Herd 

Offers  For  Sale  a  Number 
of  Good  Things 
Write  for  Price  List 

JOHN  R.  GATES,  Supt. 

R.F.D.  75  lrvington-on-Hndson,  N.Y. 

FflR  Al  F-RBGistered  jerseys— cows, 
run  OHLL  HEIFERS  AND  YOUNG  BULLS; 
large  selection;  blue  ribbon  winners;  won  in  butter 
contests.  Come  and  see  them.  Full  particulars  of 

DAVID  WALLACE,  Supt.  Ruinsonliill  Farm,  Fairhavcn,  N.  J. 

Breed  Up— Not  Down 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sites.  U.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

SHELDONCROFT 

J.  T.  RUSSELL,  Prop.  CHAS.  B.  DAYTON,  Supt. 

SILVER  LAKE,  Susq.  Co.,  Pa. 

Pure  Bred  Jersey  Cattle.  Berkshire  Swine. 

LAUREL  FARM  SKr'ii.’SriS 

nomlcally  turn  farm  produce  into  money — 
JERSEYS,  and  the  swine  that  do  the  same 
thing — BERKSHIRES.  Which  do  YOU  want? 
J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N.Y. 


Flirplct  Qtflplf  Farni~  Registered  Jersey  Bulls 
LUlCnd  OlUbn  I  d I  III  and  IU-iteis.C  mouthsto  2 
years  old.  Chester  White,  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  Pupa  and  a  variety 
of  poultry.  Send  two-cent  stomp  for  circular. 

ISDWAUD  WALTER,  West  Chester,  Pa. 

COR  QAI  P  OR  EXCHANGE.  2  Grandsons  of  Hong 
r  Ull  ohul  drveld  Do  Kol,  3  and  7  months  old 
for  Ilolstein  heifer  or  young  cow.  (111.  HACKEL, 
Kitchawan,  Westchester  County,  New  York' 

Milk  PrnfllTmw  l"r  Now  York  City  market 
lTUIK  riUUUOCIN  ()08h.illK  information  how  to 

form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning  Otisville.  N.  Y. 


Uorb  andL  Porrots 


PHI  I  IF  DllpC— From  imported  stock.  Female* 
UULLIL  I  Ul  0  cheap.  Nelson  Bros.  Grove  City,  Pa 

FERRETS  FOR  SALE"""1'’ ,or  p,lc,  "‘‘ 


DoKleine  Bros., 


and  catalogue,  its  free. 
Jamestown.  Michigan 


Purebred  Registered 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

The  size  of  your  milk  check  depends  loss  upon  the 
si/.o  of  your  herd  than  upon  tho  size  of  your  cows. 
Get  big,  healthy,  purebred  cows  with  the  ability  to 
convert  feed  into  milk  at  a  profit. 

Wherever  dairying  is  on  a  prosperous  footing 
ihat’s  tho  home  of  tho  Holstein  cattle.  Besides  being 
the  leading  dairy  breed,  they  bring  top  prices  when  beefed. 
They  breed  regularly  and  the  calves  are  easily  roared. 

Send  for  Free  Illustrated  Descriptive  Ilooktcts. 
They  contain  valuable  information  for  any  Dairy¬ 
man. 

HOLSTE1N-FRIESIAN  ASS’N,  F.  L.  HOUGHTON,  Scc’y,  Box  105,  Brattleboro,  Vt. 


1144 


THE  RURAI>  is; EW-YORKEK 


.November  25, 


FEEDING  PROBLEMS. 

Under  this  heading  we  endeavor  to  give  advice 
and  suggestions  about  feeding  mixtures  of  grains 
and  fodders.  No  definite  rules  are  given,  but  the 
advice  is  based  upon  experience  and  average 
analyses  of  foods.  By  ‘'protein”  is  meant  the 
elements  in  the  food  which  go  to  make  muscle  or 
lean  meat.  “Carbohydrates”  comprise  the  starch, 
sugar,  etc.,  which  make  fat  and  provide  fuel  for 
the  body,  while  “fat”  is  the  pure  oil  found  in 
foods.  Dry  matter”  moans  the  weight  of  actual 
food  left  in  fodder  or  grain  when  all  the  water  is 
driven  off.  A  ‘‘narrow  ration”  means  one  in  which 
the  proportion  of  protein  to  carbohydrates  is  close 
— a  ‘‘wide"  ration  means  one  which  shows  a  larger 
proportion  of  carbohydrates. 


Oat  and  I'ca  Hay  for  Horses. 

Is  ont  and  poa  hay  Injurious  to  horses? 

New  Jersey.  e.  it.  v. 

No — not  if  well  cured.  The  danger  would 
he  in  rotten  or  mouldy  hay.  The  pea  vines 
are  full  of  sap,  and  often  hard  to  cure. 
They  sometimes  ferment  and  mould  when 
put  in  too  green.  Well  cured  oats  and 
peas  make  a  good  fodder. 

Ration  for  Heifer. 

Will  you  give  a  feed  ration  for  a  heifer 
six  months  old,  roughage  being  stalks 
(corn)  and  clover  hay?  o.  K.  s. 

New  Jersey. 

A  six-months-old  heifer  should  be  fed 
liberally,  according  to  her  size  and  appe¬ 
tite.  Cornstalks  are  not  very  palatable  or 
nourishing  for  such  a  young  animal,  so  it 
would  be  much  better  to  depend  principally 
upon  the  clover  hay  for  roughage.  A  good 
grain  ration  to  feed  with  this  would  lie 
equal  parts  by  weight  of  wheat  bran  or 
dried  brewers’  grains  and  cornmeal  and 
ground  oats  mixed  together.  If  this  feed 
appears  to  be  too  constipating,  a  little  oil- 
meal  should  he  added.  In  beginning  to 
feed  tills  grain  ration  but  a  very  small 
amount  should  bo  given  at  first,  gradually 
increasing  as  the  heifer’s  ability  to  digest 
the  feed  seems  to  warrant,  the  object  al¬ 
ways  being  to  keep  her  in  good  growing 
condition,  hut  not  over  fat.  c.  s.  g. 


Purchasing  a  Balanced  Ration. 

I  have  buckwheat,  oats  and  corn  of  my 
own  ;  can  I  make  a  balanced  ration  of  the 
above  grains  for  my  cows?  I  make  but¬ 
ter.  Would  it  lie  better  for  me  to  sell  my 
grain  at  the  present  market  price  and  buy 
the  so-called  balanced  ration?  m.  c.  w. 

Vermont. 

Oats  have  a  nutritive  ratio  of  one  part 
protein  to  0.2  parts  carbohydrates.  Buck¬ 
wheat  lias  a  nutritive  ratio  of  one  to  6.9, 
and  corn  one  to  9.7,  so  you  can  readily  see 
that  it  will  be  impossible  to  combine  them 
in  a  balanced  ration  without  adding  some 
kind  of  feed  which  is  very  rich  in  protein. 
I  do  not  believe  that  anyone  can  afford  to 
feed  cows  for  the  production  of  milk  and 
butter  at  the  present  prices  without  com¬ 
ing  down  pretty  nearly  to  n  balanced  ration. 
Milk  and  butter  are  produced  or  can  be 
produced  upon  practically  every  dairy  farm, 
therefore  the  competition  in  marketing 
these  products  is  very  strong,  and  the  mid¬ 
dlemen  take  advantage  of  this  competition, 
controlling  prices  to  their  own  selfish  ad¬ 
vantage,  so  that  if  anything  is  wasted  in 
the  system  of  care  and  feeding  which  is 
practiced  on  the  average  farm,  the  profits 
will  soon  disappear.  It  is  not,  however, 
necessary  to  sell  all  your  home-grown  feed 
and  replace  it  with  expensive  concentrates. 
In  your  case  only  the  buckwheat  should  be 
sold  and  the  money  received  for  it  used  in 
the  purchase  of  dried  brewers’  or  distillers’ 
grains  and  cotton-seed  meal.  By  adding 
about  two  pounds  of  each  of  these  protein 
feeds  to  a  mixture  of  equal  parts  corn  and 
oats  ground  together  you  will  have  a  very 
satisfactory  ration.  You  should  also  make 
some  provision  for  succulence  if  you  do  not 
have  a  silo.  Hoots  or  dried  beet  pulp  sup¬ 
ply  this  deficiency  admirably.  C.  s.  G. 

Feeding  Problems. 


I  ain  about  to  sell  milk  at  the  milk  fac¬ 
tory  at  3%  cents  per  quart.  I  shall  have 
to  buv  ail  grain  I  have  to  feed.  I  have 
hay  in  the  barn,  the  kind  that  could  lie 
expected  from  a  farm  that  had  run  pretty 
well  out  of  seed.  T  have  also  plenty  of 
cornstalks.  I  can  get  most  kinds  of  grain 
at  the  mill.  I  would  like  to  have  a  ration 
that  will  produce  milk,  at  the  same  time 
leave  a  profit  over  the  cost  of  the  feed.  The 
cows  are  grade  Ilolstelns,  two  two-year- 
olds,  one  five-year-old,  one  seven-year-old, 
and  one  grade  Jersey  five  years  old.  The 
Ilolstelns  are  ali  fresh.  The  Jersey  has 
been  milking  about  five  months,  c.  d. 

New  York. 


There  is  not  much  financial  encourage¬ 
ment  in  trying  to  produce  milk  at  3%  cents 
per  quart  delivered  at  the  factory  at  tills 
season  of  the  year.  You  will  probably  find 
that  it  costs  you  nearly  this  amount  to 
produce  it  when  you  figure  closely.  If  how¬ 
ever,  your  cows  are  extra  heavy  milkers 
you  may  he  able  to  come  out  even  or  a  lit¬ 
tle  better.  If  you  will  use  the  following 
formula  for  a  balanced  ration  you  will  be 
able  to  produce  milk  at  about  the  lowest 
cost  it  is  possible  to  under  the  conditions 
with  which  you  are  working. 


Digest  ible 


Feeding  stuff 

Dry 

Pro¬ 

Carb. 

ma  tter 

tein 

and  fat 

15  lbs.  mixed  hay  .. 

18.06 

.633 

6.987 

5  lbs.  cut  cornstalks 
4  lbs.  dried  brewers’ 

3.00 

.085 

1.7 

grains  . 

3.68 

.808 

1.912 

4  lbs.  dried  beet  pulp 

8.744 

.272 

2.616 

2  IDs.  cottonseed  meal 

1.84 

.744 

.888 

25.324  2.042  14.053 

Nutritive  ratio  1  :5.5. 

It  is  not  possible  to  state  the  exact 
amount  to  feed,  as  this  must  be  regulated 
according  to  the  appetite  of  each  individual 
cow  and  the  amount  of  milk  she  is  giving. 
In  practice  we  find  it  is  safe  to  feed  all  the 
hay  and  cut  cornstalks  a  cow  will  eat.  and 
in  addition  she  should  lie  fed  enough  grain 
to  keep  her  in  good  condition  and  produce 
a  normal  flow  of  milk  at  the  same  time. 
The  dried  brewers’  grains  and  licet  pulp 
should  be  soaked  for  12  hours  before  feed¬ 
ing  and  mixed  with  the  cotton-seed  meal 
at  feeding  time.  Water  your  cows  at  least 
twice  a  day  and  keep  them  in  a  good  light, 
well-ventilated  stable.  Provide  good  dry 
bedding  and  use  your  best  judgment  in  the 
proper  care  and  treatment  of  your  cows 
and  they  should  respond  with  a  good  flow 
of  milk.  c.  s.  G. 


Ration  for  Milk  Making. 

Will  you  give  me  a  balanced  ration  for 
a  cow  about  950  pounds,  fresh  In  May. 
She  gave  about  12  quarts  of  rich  milk; 
since  bringing  her  in  she  gives  about  eight 
quarts.  I  would  like  to  increase  her  flow 
and  keep  her  in  good  condition  as  cheaply 
as  possible.  I  have  good  cornstalks  and 
mixed  hay ;  the  rest  I  must  buy.  Corn- 
meal  $1.75,  middlings  $1.70;  cotton-seed 
meal  $1.70;  gluten  $1.50;  should  like  to  use 
dried  beet  pulp  in  the  ration.  e.  b. 

New  York. 

You  cannot  make  as  good  a  ration  from 
the  feeding  stuffs  you  mention  as  you  can 
by  substituting  dried  brewers’  or  distillers’ 
grains  for  the  middlings,  which  are  too  ex¬ 
pensive  for  you  to  feed.  By  omitting  the 
cornmeal  also,  as  it  is  not  required,  we 
have  the  following  formula,  which  I  am 
sure  you  will  find  satisfactory  for  your 
purpose : 

Digestible 


Dry 

Pro- 

Carb. 

Feeding  stuff  matter 

tein 

and  fat 

12  His.  mixed  hay.  10.452 

.5064 

5.55 

8  His.  cut  cornstalks.  4.80 

.136 

2.72 

4  lbs.  dried  beet  pulp  3.744 

.272 

2.616 

2  His.  cotton-seed 

meal  .  1.84 

.744 

.888 

4  His.  dried  brewers’ 

grains  .  3.68 

.808 

1.912 

24.516 

2.4664 

13.686 

Nutritive  ratio  1 :5.5. 

C.  S.  G. 

Dairy  Ration.  “ 

Would  you  compound  a  oalanced  ration 
for  Winter  feeding,  clover  hay  used  as 
roughage?  I  can  get  dried  brewers’  grnln 
$22  a  ton,  cornmeal  $81  at  present  prices. 
I  also  use  stock  molasses.  I  can  get  wheat 
bran  if  necessary  to  help  the  ration  out. 
Linseed  meal  I  consider  far  too  dear,  and 
also  hard  to  get.  About  what  is  the  price 
of  cotton-seed  meal  and  gluten  feed,  and 
which  is  the  better?  a.  t.  b. 

New  York. 

If  you  have  good  fresh  cows  and  will  use 
the  following  formula  for  a  balanced  ration 
it  ought  to  produce  very  satisfactory  re¬ 
sults  : 


Digest-  Carb. 

Feeding  Stuff.  Dry  ible  and 

Matter.  Protein.  Fat. 


18  IDs.  clover  hay. . . . 

4  lbs.  dried  brewers’ 

15.30 

1.224 

7.128 

grains  . 

3.68 

.628 

1.912 

3  lbs.  cornmeal  . 

2 . 67 

.237 

2.292 

2  lbs.  wheat  bran. . . 

1.76 

.244 

.  906 

1  lb.  molasses . 

.79 

.091 

.595 

24.20 

2.424 

12.833 

Nutritive  ration,  1 :5.3. 


Tile  molasses  may  be  gradually  increased 
up  to  tw5  pounds  per  day  for  eacli  cow. 
Gluten  feed  sells  for  about  $28  per  ton,  and 
cotton-seed  meal  at  about  $34,  but  the  cot¬ 
ton-seed  is  enough  better  than  the  gluten 
to  more  than  make  up  the  difference  in 
price.  You  have  the  proper  proportion  of 
protein  in  the  above  ration,  so  It  is  not 
necessary  for  you  to  add  any  more  concen¬ 
trated  feeds.  You  cannot  afford  to  pur¬ 
chase  oil  meal  to  feed  with  this  ration,  as  it 
is  not  required  with  the  molasses,  c.  s.  o. 

Another  Milk  Rations. 

Will  you  give  me  figures  for  a  balanced 
ration?  Cows  are  grade  Holstein  weighing 
about  1,000  pounds  and  in  rather  thin 
flesh,  all  fresh  milkers.  I  have  silage,  Tim¬ 
othy  hay,  oat-straw  containing  some  grass. 
I  wish  to  feed  straw  once  a  day  to  help 
out  on  hay;  can  buy  gluten,  $30,  bran  $2.8, 
buckwheat  middlings,  $28,  cornmeal  $30, 
cotton-seod  meal.  a.  b.  c. 

New  York. 

Everything  considered,  I  believe  you  will 
find  the  following  combination  will  produce 
milk  as  economically  as  any  that  can  be 
made  from  the  available  feeding  stuffs.  You 
will  not  get  much  milk  or  butter  out  of 
Timothy  hay  and  oat  straw,  but  either 
may  be  used  as  a  noon  feed  witli  the  re¬ 
mainder  of  the  ration  divided  into  two 
feeds  for  morning  and  evening  whiqh  makes 
a  very  satisfactory  ration  for  cows  such 
as  you  are  milking.  Of  course  you  under¬ 
stand  that  tlie  amounts  given  are  only  ap¬ 
proximate  and  must  be  regulated  by  the 
feeder  to  suit  different  cows  and  conditions. 

Digestible 


Dry 

Pro- 

Carb. 

Feeding  stuff  matter 

tein 

and  fat 

40  lbs.  silage .  8.40 

.36 

5.16 

8  lbs.  oat  straw.  .  . .  7.2S 

.096 

3.232 

(or  Timothy  hay) 

4  lhs.  dried  distill- 

ers’  grains .  3.68 

.992 

2.208 

1  V-r  His.  cotton-seed 

mea  l  .  1 .38 

.558 

.666 

2  llis.  1)  u  e  k  w  heat 

middlings  .  1.74 

.44 

.912 

2  lbs.  cornmeal....  1.78 

.158 

1 .528 

24.26 

2.604 

13.706 

Nutritive  ratio  1  :5.3. 

C. 

S.  G. 

■eploui  S  oil  at  Top  J&>tek 
Er  oditcing-  Power 

THE  utmost  care  and  attention  given  to  plowing,  harrowing,  seeding, 
cultivating,  and  harvesting  cannot  make  up  for  lack  of  fertilizer, 
which  is  necessary  to  keep  the  soil  at  the  top-notch  of  its  producing 
power.  In  fact,  fertilizing  is  of  first  importance. 

Of  all  fertilizers,  manure  is  best,  because  it  replaces  just  the  elements 
the  crops  have  extracted,  and  is  most  economical. 

But  to  get  its  full  value,  manure  must  be  spread  evenly,  in  proper  quan¬ 
tities.  Only  a  good  manure  spreader  will  spread  it  this  way.  Get  an  1  H  C 
if  you  want  to  be  sure  of  the  greatest  value  for  your  money. 

I  H  C  Manure  Spreaders 

'Corn  King,  Cloverleaf,  Kemp  20th  Century 

are  simple,  strong,  and  perfect  in  design  and  construction.  They  are  light 
in  draft  and  durable.  Here  are  some  of  the  features  and  advantages  that 
make  IHC  spreaders  the  best  investment  for  you. 

The  method  of  transmitting  power  from  the  wheels  to  the  beater  is 
simple  and  direct.  There  are  no  unnecessary  parts  to  wear.  The  beater  is 
large  in  diameter,  and  the  teeth  are  long,  square,  and  chisel-pointed,  so 
that  the  manure  is  thoroughly  pulverized  and  thrown  out  before  it  wedges 
against  the  bars,  thus  reducing  the  draft. 

The  apron  is  supported  by  steel  rollers,  and  the  slats  are  placed  close 
together,  so  that  manure  does  not  sift  down  and  interfere  with  the  move¬ 
ment  of  the  rollers.  The  steel  wheels  have  ample  strength  to  carry  many 
times  the  weight  they  will  ever  be  called  upon  to  bear.  The  rims  are. 
flanged  inwardly  to  prevent  cutting  and  rutting  of  meadows  and  accumula¬ 
tion  of  trash.  There  is  no  reach  to  prevent  short  turning. 

IHC  Manure  Spreaders  are  made  in  several  styles  and  sizes  for  field, 
orchard,  and  truck  farm  use.  See  the  I  II  C  local  dealer  for  catalogues  and 
complete  information,  or,  write  direct. 

INTERNATIONAL  HARVESTER  COMPANY  OF  AMERICA 

(Incorporated) 

Chicago  USA 


IHC  Service  Bureau 

The  Bureau  is  a  clearing  house  for  agricultural 
data.  It  aims  to  learn  the  best  ways  of  doing  things 
on  the  farm,  and  then  distribute  the  information. 
Your  individual  experience  may  help  others.  Send 
your  problems  to  the  IHC  Service  Bureau. 


Sher  win -Willi ams 

Paints  &  Varnishes 

FOR  THE  FARM 

For  painting  and  refinishing  farm  machinery, 
wagons,  implements,  tools,  etc.,  use  Sherwin- 
Williams  Wagon  and  Implement  Paint — 
dries  with  a  rich,  durable  gloss;  prevents 
rust  and  decay.  It  is  very  permanent  in 
color  as  well  as  very  durable.  Made  in  five 
colors  and  black,  also  as  a  clear  varnish. 

Sold  by  dealers  everywhere.  Ask  for  color  cards 
Address  all  inquiries  to  The  Sherwin-Williams  Co.,  035 Canal  Road,  N.  W.,  Cleveland,  Ohio 


More  Steel  Than  In  Any  Other 
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THE  RURAL,  NKW-YORKER 


3.1 46 


The  Henyard. 


THE  GREAT  POULTRY  CONTEST. 

The  groat  American  egg-laying  contest  at 
Rtorrs  College,  Conn.,  has  began.  Indeed,  It 
might  be  called  an  “International  contest,’’ 
as  fowls  are  entered  from  England  and 
Canada.  Six  hundred  pullets  are  entered  in 
tltis  contest,  which  is  to  last  for  one  year, 
from  November  1,  1011,  to  October  33,  1912. 
That  none  but  the  best  should  bo  entered, 
an  entry  fee  of  $25  was  charged.  Each 
breeder  sends  six  birds,  five  of  which  enter 
the  contest ;  the  sixth  bird  is  held  in  re¬ 
serve  to  take  the  place  of  any  that  may  die 
or  have  to  be  removed  for  any  cause. 
Twenty-three  different  breeds  are  entered; 
of  course,  this  is  only  a  small  part  of  the 
number  of  breeds  recognized  and  described 
in  the  “American  Standard,”  but  these  are 
laying  breeds,  business  birds,  not  fancy 
fowls,  bred  for  looks  only,  but  the  breeds  on 
which  this  country  depends  for  its  supply 
of  eggs  and  poultry.  The  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture  estimates  the 
number  of  hens’  eggs  laid  In  the  United 
States  in  1910  at  “thirty  thousand  mil¬ 
lions’’;  valne  of  eggs  and  poultry  at  eight 
hundred  million  dollars.  Surely  this  is  no 
“picayune”  business.  Tt  is  well  worthy  of 
the  attention  and  study  of  the  ablest  minds 
Interested  in  the  development  of  agriculture. 
It  is  doubtful  if  an  egg-laying  contest  ever 
started  in  tills  country  under  such  favor¬ 
able  auspices.  The  men  In  charge  are  rec¬ 
ognized  as  thff  very  best  poultry  experts  in 
the  land  ;  every  one  is  a  man  with  a  Na¬ 
tional  reputation.  Professor  Stoneburn,  In 
charge  of  the  poultry  department,  at  the 
Connecticut  Agriculture  College,  will  have 
a  general  oversight  of  the  contest,  assisted 
by  such  men  as  Prof.  P.  C.  Elford  of  Mc¬ 
Donald  College,  Canada :  Prof.  ITomer  W. 
Jackson.  Pennsylvania  State  College;  Dr. 
A.  A.  Brigham,  South  Dakota  Agricultural 
College ;  T.  IT.  McGrew,  professor  of  poul¬ 
try  husbandry.  International  Correspondence 
Schools;  Dr.  N.  W.  Sanborn,  editor  Ameri¬ 
can  Poultry  Advocate;  Dr.  Prince  T. 
Woods,  editor  American  Poultry  Journal. 
With  such  men  in  charge  we  can  certainly 
be  sure  that  the  data  obtained  will  be  ac¬ 
curate  and  to  be  depended  upon. 

The  plant — 50  houses — is  very  pleasantly 
situated  on  the  slope  of  a  hill  racing  the 
south.  The  houses  arc  double  ;  that  is,  each 
house  is  divided  by  a  partition  tli rough  the 
center  into  two  pens.  As  the  houses  are 
12x12  feet,  this  gives  a  pen  for  each  five 
birds  of  0x12  feet,  or  14  feet  of  floor  space 
to  each  fowl.  There  is  a  sliding  window 
near  the  front  on  the  east  side,  and  an¬ 
other  on  tile  west  side,  while  the  entire 
front  is  open  from  the  roof  to  within  two 
feet  of  the  ground,  except  the  door  into  each 
pen.  This  gives  the  largest  possible  amount 
of  sunlight  from  sunrise  to  sundown,  while 
the  birds  are  protected  from  direct  drafts. 
As  the  center  partition  is  of  wire  netting 
down  to  two  feet  above  the  floor,  and  the 
wire  part  reaches  back  nearly  to  the  roosts, 
it  allows  the  sunlight  to  enter  both  pens  all 
the  time.  Attached  to  the  partition  is  a 
slatted  platform  about  two  feet  from  the 
floor  in  each  pen.  This  contains  the  drink¬ 
ing  pan,  also  a  pan  of  dry  mash  for  each 
pen,  where  they  are  up  out  of  the  litter. 
The  roosting  part  at  the  north  end  is  made 
airtight  by  tarred  paper  on  sides,  end  and 
roof,  so  there  can  be  no  possible  drafts 
while  on  the  roosts.  Trap-nests  are  under 
the  roosts,  and  an  attendant  goes  aTound 
every  hour  to  release  the  layers  and  keep 
the  record  of  eggs  laid.  Each  pen  has  an 
outside  yard  attached,  with  wire  fencing; 
also  wire  gates.  The  rows  of  houses  have 
a  driveway  in  front  of  each  row,  enabling 
anyone  to  look  into  each  house  and  see  the 
birds  without  getting  out  of  the  carriage. 
At  night  the  gates  are  closed  and  armed 
guards  with  dogs  protect  the  plant.  A  tre¬ 
mendous  amount  of  work  has  been  done  in 
getting  this  plant  ready.  The  earth  on 
which  each  bouse  stands  has  been  raised 
above  the  surrounding  ground  so  there  can 
be  no  possibility  of  the  earth  floors  becom¬ 
ing  damp.  Abundance  of  dry  leaves  are 
used  for  litter,  and  the  whole  plot  was 
plowed  and  sown  to  rye  before  the  houses 
were  built  on  it.  Sanitary  eonditions  leave 
nothing  to  be  desired.  There  are  a  good 
many  questions  of  which  we  can  at  least 
approach  a  solution  by  a  contest  like  this; 
we  may  not  only  learn  what  breeds  lay  the 
greatest  number  of  eggs,  but  also  the  broods 
that  lay  best  when  eggs  are  highest  in 
price;  for  It  is  quite  possihle  that  a  hen 
producing  two  or  three  dozen  more  than 
another  might  show  less  net  profit.  I  shall 
continue  this  and  iiope  to  have  some  pic¬ 
tures  illustrating  the  houses  and  the  plant. 

GKO.  A.  COSGROVE. 


The  Leghorn  Pullet’s  Brother. 

Mr.  Thatcher  writes  a  very  nice  article 
on  poultry,  and  it  seems  brimful  of  good, 
solid  common  sense,  until  be  mentions  the 
question  of  males.  Ht  says  If  he  could 
pick  them  with  certainty  he  would  bury 
them  the  day  they  were  hatched.  What  can 
he  lie  thinking  of?  What  profit  is  he  satis¬ 
fied  with?  Surely  lie  would  not  spend  more 
than  20  cents  to  bring  one  to  broiler  age, 
and  then  it  will  command  40  to  00  cents  or 
100  to  200  per  cent  clear  profit.  I  sold 
Quito  a  number  tills  season  for  30  cents 
per  pound,  and  that  in  the  open  market, 
lie  cannot  make  100  per  cent  on  the  hen 
nearly  so  quick  as  that.  It  will  cost  him 
nearly  one  dollar  to  raise  the  pullets  to 
laying  age,  and  then  it  will  take  that  pullet 
three  months  to  lay  enough  eggs  to  pay  for 
its  cost,  and  will  cost  nine  cents  per  month, 
or  27  cents  more  before  he  is  even  ready 
to  pocket  the  profits.  Therefore  he  will  be 
about  12  to  14  months  getting  his  100  per 
cent,  whereas  the  broiler  will  bring  him  100 
per  cent  in  about  55  to  65  days.  I  con¬ 
sider  a  good  broiler-  trade  the  most  profit¬ 
able  branch  of  the  poultry  business.  It 
beats  eggs  at  30  cents  per  dozen,  and  if 
Mr.  Thatcher  gets  more  than  that  he  is  a 
lucky  mortal.  w.  J.  DOUGAN. 

I  do  not  doubt  the  profit  Mr.  Dougan 
claims  for  Leghorn  broilers  for  himself  and 
for  others  who  hatch  them  early,  or  who 
spend  time  and  labor  marketing  them.  I 
and  many  others  would  rather  hatch  Leg¬ 
horns  in  May  and  early  June.  This  brings 
the  broilers  in  market  in  July,  August  and 
September,  when  a  heavy  broiler  is  in  de¬ 
mand.  If  by  open  market  Mr.  Dougan 
means  the  city  commission  markets,  I  can¬ 
not  recall  any  such  prices  as  40  to  60 
cents  apiece  for  live  broilers  of  the  Leg¬ 


horn  class  during  those  months,  and  I  saw 
the  market  reports  every  day. 

Mr.  Dougan  estimates  the  feed  cost  of  a 
broiler  at  about  20  cents ;  292  broilers 
shipped  to  a  reliable  commission  house  in 
New  York  this  season  brought  me  $72.10, 
about  29  cents  apiece.  So  I  have  nine 
cents  for  my  labor,  and  their  company  for 
three  months.  I’ossibly  I  have  some  antip¬ 
athy  toward  the  Leghorn  cockerel.  I  well 
remember  the  first  season  I  tried  to  sell 
them  in  our  home  and  neighboring  towns. 
When  Leghorn  was  mentioned,  not  heavy 
enough  was  the  answer,  nothing  wanted 
under  five  pounds  per  pair.  The  following 
December  we  had  a  nice  flock  of  pullets  that 
were  laying  well.  An  egg  dealer  came  to 
our  house  and  when  he  saw  a  large  basket 
of  fresh  white  eggs  he  had  a  smile  on  his 
face  that  would  not  come  off.  He  cheer¬ 
fully  paid  50  cents  a  dozen  for  them,  and 
has  been  getting  them  ever  since, 

L.  n.  THATCHER. 


Gut  Your  Poultry  House  Costs 

in  two,  and  better;  savo  from  50-754  on  your 
poultry  houses.  Get  the  Jesmond  Rook  on 
Poultry  Houses,  a  book  that  every  poultry 
keeper  needs.  Gives  fully  illustrated  descrip¬ 
tions  and  directions  on  how  to  mako  and  use 
the  Jesmond  poultry  houses  and  fixtures— tho 
cheapest  and  most  correct  house  known  to  tho 
poultry  world. 

The  Jesmond  poultry  house  is  adaptable 
and  suitable  for  any  number,  of  any  kind  of 
poultry;  and  for  any  place— village,  city-lot, 
farm  or  plant. 

Every  poultry  keeper  needs  this  valuable 
book.  Over  fifty  pages,  strongly  bound  and 
fully  illustrated.  Send  to-day. 

50c.  postpaid 

Send  coin,  P.  O.  money  order  or  express  order 
(no  stamps). 

JESMOND  POULTRY  FARMS,  Box  A,  DUNKIRK,  N.  1. 

KEAN’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTES 

Extra  fine  Cockerels  ready  for  service,  $3.00  each. 
Pullets,  $2.00  each.  Guaranteed  to  satisfy  tho  most 
fastidious.  Also  Choice  Indian  Runner  Drakes, 
$2.00  each.  E.  FRANKLIN  KEAN,  Stanley,  N.Y. 

GIANT  BRONZE  TURKEYS 

Pullets.  Grand  Stock  at  Farmers’  prices. 

H.  J,  VAN  I)VKK,  GETTYSBURG,  Pa. 

FAR  CAI  F — 125  pair  of  mated  Homer  Pigoons 
run  OHLC  at  75  cent8  per  pair 

Patrick  McNamara,  Shelter  Island,  N.  Y. 

COR  SALE— Wator  Power  Corn  and  Wheat  Mills,  run- 
1  ningdaily;  cement  dam;  with  75  acres  fertile  land. 
Good  bargain .  Address  W.  B.  Mitchell,  Auto,  Va. 

WAMTFn— Man  wh°  is  oxport  Forester  and 
VVHn  1  LU  practical  Farmer  to  care  for  largo 
estate;  married  preferred;  house  provided.  Ad¬ 
dress  giving roforonces.  J.  F.  Pierson  29 Broadway,  N.Y. 

W  A  NT  F 11 —  AGENTS  to  sell  Farmers'  Account  Hook, 
linn  i  lu  Quick  seller.  Special  inducements  till 
holidays.  Address  lu.  L.  Syphors,  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. 

WANTFn~8ma11  Frnit  Farm,  New  York  or  Conn, 
ii  mi  i  lu  Near  good  villago.  Stato  location,  low¬ 
est  price  and  describe  buildings.  D.G.earo  R.  N.  Y 

WANTFII — uP't°’date,  reliable  and  exporionced 
ii  mi  i  lu  Farmer  to  work,  preferably  on  sharos. 
a  two  hundred  aero  farm  in  western  New  York* 
Good  land,  good  buildings  and  a  dairy  of  thirty 
cows.  Further  particulars  will  bo  given  to  inquirers 
who  stato  experience,  ago.  education  and  resources. 
Address  S.  A.  B.,  care  Rural  New-Yorker. 

HEAL  ESTATE. 

pLANT  your  APPLE  ORCHARD  in  the  Kin. 

derhook  Country  where  good  orchards  and 
good  living-  go  together.  Come  and  see.  Ask 
for  booklet.  Rural  Life  Co.,  Kindcrhook,  N.  Y. 

For  Sale-FARMS,  FARMS,  FARMS! 

Writo  mo  your  wants,  stating  sizo  and  number 
of  cows  you  wish  to  keep  and  I  will  send  you  de¬ 
scriptions.  OGDEN’S  AGENCY.  Walton,  Delaware  Co..  N.Y. 

FDR  RFNT-TloauU,nlly  located  6a(,ro  Poultry 

1  Ull  IILIl  1  Farm  in  Connecticut.  Buildings 
for  keeping  400  to  f»00  fowls.  Apple,  poach  and  plnm 
trees.  Near  railroad  station  and  steamboat  (lock. 
Write  U.  <1.  CLARK,  475  E.  137th  St.,  New  York 

FARIUR  Circu,ar  free.  Dept..  151,  Lelaml’s 
l  millio  Farm  Agency,  31  Milk  Nt..  Boston 

FOR  9AI  F-If  you  wanfc  tl10  best  farms  for  the 

J,  .  ,  ,  ™on‘,y,  "Olid  for  onr  largo frno  catalog. 

HALL  SFARM  AGENCY,  Owogo,  Tioga  Co.,  N.Y. 

IRfl  FflrmC  SALE  CHEAP,  ill  fertile 

IUU  1  (11 1110  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horace  G.  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa. 

FOR  SAI  F~Kivet  Farm— 355  acros,  60  head 
lJrVL,1“  cattle,  4  horses,  all  farming  tools. 
1011  crops.  Buildings  good.  $16,000—  half  cash. 
Cranston’s  Agency,  Cannonsville,  Del.  Co.,  N.Y. 

FOR  SALE— A  good  farm  cheap;  260  acres;  3k:  mile* 

1  from  a  hustling  young  city  of  25,000  pop.  in  cen¬ 
tral  Now  \  ork,  A  bargain  if  taken  at  onco.  Write 
for  particulars.  N.  H.  I).,  earo  Rural  Now- Yorker. 

Cl  HD  1  ii  A  Yon  C!,n  ,)ny  yonr  winter  homosite 
|  I  (jnillA  at  Allandale,  Port  Orange,  on  fa- 
*  mous  East  Coast,  nnd  build  your 
UnUFSITPS  b°lno  for  less  than  tho  cost  of 
nunlLOl  1  LO  wintering  at  a  Florida  hotel. 

Fishing,  boating,  finest  automobile  racecourse  on 
coan  beach.  Write  for  the  Allandale* booklet. 

THE  ALLANDALE  COMPANY,  Daytona,  Florida 

pOR  SALE— A  fully  equlppod  Poultry  Farm  of  twenty 

•  acres,  8-room  house,  barn,  shed,  lion  house  for 
500  hens;  brooder  house  for  600  chickens;  cement 
incubator  cellar;  automobile  house,  telephone  and 
R.  D.;  near  neighbors.  For  full  information  and 
prico  address  John  J.  Owens,  Ownor,  Remson.N.Y. 

FLORIDA  GRAPEFRUIT  &  ORANGE  GROVE 

For  sale.  10  acres  bearing.  Other  valuable  assets. 
Fronts  largo  hu  e,  quarter  mile  to  depot,  Well  ele¬ 
vated.  $5,500,  Three  other  similar  opportunities. 
No  attention  givon  to  land  agents.  Address  Ownor. 

L.  O.  FKAGIN,  "Winter  Haven,  Florida. 

NEW  JFRSFY  FARM<\-Gar<lo,b  Poultry 

O  V  ,  n  .  1  rAnlV''i  and  General  Crop  Farms 
bend  for  list  of  Burlington  Connty  Farms 
A.  WAKltKN  DKES3EK, 
Burlington,  New  Jersey. 

FINE  MARYLAND 

250  under  active  stato  of  cultivation,  balance  in 
wood,  20  acres  of  which  rofused  offer  ol'  £50.00  por 
aero  on  stump.  Land  host  in  Maryland  for  corn, 
wheat,  grass-  In  heart  of  rich  section  of  the  richost 
county:  7  room  <1  welling  in  good  condition,  barns 
and  outbuildings  amply  sufliciont.  Excellent  neigh¬ 
borhood,  (I  miles  from  R.  R.  on  Stato  road  to  be 
macadamized.  It!  miles  from  Baltimore.  $50.00 
per  acre.  A  reduction  mado  and  exceptional 
oasy  terms  offered  to  quick  taker. 

Edward  lH’owell,  Kllicott  City,  Maryland. 


Don’t  Drudge  or 

e  Drudges 


unit 
system 
stall — can 
be  i  n  - 
stalled  one 
at  a  time 
or  more. 
A  1  i  g  n  s 
long  and 
short  cows 
evenly  at 
the  drop. 
Ask  about 
Star  stalls 
and  stan¬ 
ch  i  o  n  s 
when  you 
write  re¬ 
canting  lit¬ 
ter  carriers 


with  modem  equipment.  Save  the  cost 
in  a  season.  Get  your  work  done  quicker. 
And  have  a  cleaner  barn  to  show  when  the 
milk  inspector  calls.  Look  into  this  labor  sav¬ 
ing,  money  saving,  time  and  trouble  saving  sys¬ 
tem  of  carrying  out  litter  or  distributing  feed. 


LITTERsFEED  CARRIERS, 


mafic  dumping  and  returning  devices, lowering  devices,  S 
rod  or  cable  trackage,  roller  bearings,  etc.;  the  Star  S 
swinging  boom  does  away  with  posts  and  supports,  j? 

FRFF  PLANS  and  Send  us  rou^h  sketch  of  your  S  a  • 

X  CATALOG  ham  layout —  wo  will  jf  Ao<* 

send  detail  plans  and  estimate  of  how  you  can  make  Star 
Carriers  pay  also  full  particulars — free  on  request .  S  < 

.  * 


Writ,  us  today.  nuNT-BELM-FERRIS  &  CO 
134  Hunt  Street 


Harvard,  111.  >  d* 


t>u 


Keeps 

Water 
Pure 


More  than  half  your  poultry  troubles  nro  caused 
by  not  properly  protecting  their  drinking  water 
from  the  contamination  of  the  chickens  them¬ 
selves.  Vou  can  end  all  your  watur  troubles  by 
equipping  your  poultry  yards  with 

Moe’s  Top-Fill 
Drinking  Fountain 

It  always  eupnlios  just  enough  pure  water— 
««  n-Ir  space  keeps  wator  COOL 

IN  SUM  ME  It,  WARM  IN  WINTER.  Simple  in 
construction— just  remove  cover  and  till  from  top— 
water  coaxes  to  flow  when  cover  is  removed— no 
valves  to  got  out  of  order.  Ono  gallon  capacity. 

If  not  at  your  dealers,  sent  direct  on  receipt  of 
price.  $1.25.  Satisfaction  guaranteed, 
i  OTIS  &  MOE.  540  S.  Dearborn  St.,  Chicago 

MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Huy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Kst.  1K4I 
R.  MacKELLAirS  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 

MAKE  HENS  LAY 

Hy  reeding  raw  hone.  Its  egg-producing  value  la  four 
times  that  of  grain.  Eggs  more  fertile,  chicks  more 
vigorous,  broilers  earlier,  fowls  heavier 
profits  larger. 

MANN’S  Bone  Cutter 

Cuts  all  hone  with  adhering  meat  and 
gristle.  Never  clogs.  10  Oaym*  Free  Trial. 

No  money  In  advance. 

Send  Today  for  Free  Book. 

V.  W.  Mann  Co.,  Box  15.  Milford,  Mass. 

BARRED  ROCKS 

breeding  COCKERELS  for  $2.50  onoh.  C.  H. 
JENNINGS,  Freehold,  N.  Y.,  care  Hedge’s  Farm. 


INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS — Genuine  White  Egg  Strain, 
I  $0.00  per  trio.  GEO.  BOWDISH,  Esperance,  N.Y. 

Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  .May  return  at  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  B02  Fiflli  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

SPFRIAI  f  barred  rocks  and  partridge  cochins 

LU1ML  Bullets  $2.00,  Cockerels  $2.00  to  $5.00. 
DPPCD  I  Some  good  enough  for  exhibition, 
urrtI*  I  and  all  good  utility  stock. 

MINCH  BKOS.,  Route  2,  Bridgeton,  N.  j. 

Snow  White  Wyandottes 

lay.  Circular  free.  Gold  enroll  Farm  Stew.irtsluwn,  Pa. 

I  —  ■■■■  ■■  ■■ 

THE  FARMER  S  FOWL  Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free,  THUS,  WILDER,  Route  1.  Richland.  N.  Y. 

Oil  tlillS $1.00 — (.calling  varieties,  f>2 breeds.  Prize  J’oul- 
AO  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  lerge  ill iik- 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  I1’.  O.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 

Pfllll  TRYMFN  — 11  't  f  ai  1  to  seen  re  Stock  a  nd 
•DU  LI  M  I  111  L II  Eggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS.  Marietta.  Pa. 

STERLING  STRAIN  S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS  are  heavy 
layers  of  largo,  whito  eggs.  Special  salo  for 
Novemhor— Cockorols,  $1  ana  $2;  May  hatched 
pullets,  $1,25.  W.  Sterling  &  Son,  < 'ntcliogiie,  N.Y. 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  and  Cock¬ 
erels;  any  quantitv  ut  attractive  prices;  brod-to-lay 
kind.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM.  Fleininnton,  N.  J. 


Hone’s  Rose  Comb  Reds  and 
Mammoth  Bronze  TURKEYS 


Large,  vigorous  util¬ 
ity  a  n  d  exhibition 

.  .  .  ,  r - , — birds,  bred  from  best 

•elected  layers;  also  choice  yearling  breeders  at 
reasonable  prices,  quality  considered.  All  birds 
shipped  on  approval. 

D.  R.  HONE,  Crescent  Hill  Farm,  Sharon  Springs.  N.  Y. 

BUFF  ROCK  PULLETS 

$2.00  each.  Cockorols,  $3.00.  Rose  Comb  Rod 
Cockerols,  $1.00.  All  April  hatched. 

TOUB  ACRES.”  N UTLEY.  NEW  JERSEY 


S,  C,  White  Leghoms'od0oo=Aki;Slls,,",1?r 


breeding.  Price  right 

WHITE  &  KICK, 


>r  quality- 

YOKKTOWN,  N.  Y. 


inn- YEARLING  WHITE  LEGHORNS.  100  Pullets.  25 

■  U  W  Whito  Orpingtons.  20  Rhode  Island  Rods. 
20  Whito  Plymouth  Rocks.  Cocks  and  Cockerels. 

E.  G.  TUCKER.  JEFFERSON  Co.  PHILADELPHIA,  NEW  YORK 


TOULOUSE  GEESE— Pair  weighing  35  lbs.,  1911  hatch, 
prico  $10.00.  PKKTN  DRAKE,  weighing  8  lbs., 
1U11  hatch,  $4.00.  PEARL  liUINEAS,  pair,  $3  00. 
L.  0.  QUIGLEY,  Goshen,  Orange  County,  N.  Y. 

FOR  SALF~Ke<l  Lourbon  Turkeys.  Best  strain, 
■  wii  wttkk.  f„jj  blood  for  quick  disposition. 
Hons.  $2.50;  Toms,  $4. 00.  Write  for  prices.  Won’t 
appear  again.  1.  NT.  DULLER.  Lake  View,  Ohio 


“CUPERB  STRAIN"  WHITE  WYANOOTTES-Selecteil  C0CK- 
0  ERELS  for  breeding,  $2.00  and  $3.00  each,  this 
month.  If  they  don’t  please,  return  at  our  ex¬ 
pense.  0WNLAN0  FARM,  Box  497,  South  Hammond.  N.  Y. 

Single-Combed  Whito  Leghorns,  Haired 
Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pelcin  Ducks, 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  liens  at 
right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  host  selections.  Largest  success 
fill  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  Now  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONN1K  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 


5000 


WANTED 


-SINGLE  COM H  WHITE  LUG- 
HORN  HUNS  ii m I  PULLETS. 
Any  quantity.  Must  be  thoroughbred  and  vigor¬ 
ous.  Stato  number,  age  and  price. 

W.  C.  WURMAN,  Fleminoton,  N.  J. 

PULLETS  and  YEARLING  HENS 

dottes,  singlo  and  rose  comb;  Brown  and  W.  Leg¬ 
horns,  It.  I.  Reds;  from  80  cents  per  head  up.  Write 
for  just  what  you  want  and  how  much  you  wish  to 
Invest.  Maple  Cove  Poultry  Yards,  R.  24  Athens,  Pa. 

Pullets,  Large,  Early,  Mixed  Breeds 

at  8flc.  each  in  lots  of  10  or  mure,  cash  with  order, 
F.  O.  B.  boro.  J.  HARLAN,  R.  I).  24,  Athens,  Pa. 

S.C.  BROWN  LEGHORN  COCKERELS 

$1.00  Each,  Six  for  $5.00.  GOOD  STOCK. 

11.  A.  THATCHER,  Pkkulack,  Pa. 

WHITE  EMDEN  GEESE'  ||;gg;  ?jj|{} 

for  restof  November,  cash  with  order,  F.  O.  B.  here. 
Maple  Cove  Poultry  Yards,  R.  I).  24,  Athens,  Pa. 

Best  white  Holland  turkeys,  white  Wyandotte  cock¬ 
erels  and  Toulouse  Geese,  for  sale.  Prices  low  for 
quality.  E.SCHIEBElt,  RFD2,  Bucyras.O. 

A  TirtM— <>ur  hot  water  custom  hatch- 
111VUUA11V/11  ing  plant  was  so  successful 
last  season  that  wo  have  doubled  our  capacity, 
which  is  now  over  200,000  eggs  Last  year  we  had 
to  turn  away  over  1,000  eggs  a  day  for  a  period  of  4 
months,  as  our  Incubator  was  full.  Over  80  por 
cent  of  our  last  year’s  customers  have  already  en¬ 
gaged  space  in  our  Incubator  for  the  coming  sea¬ 
son.  Don’t  be  among  the  disappointed — engage 
your  space  ;iow.  Our  Incubator  starts  on  Jan.  2d. 
Write  for  prices  and  information  any  way. 

MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM 
Millerton,  New  York 


1146 


THR  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


November  25, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


Frank  Orff,  President  of  the  Columbian- 
Sterling  Magazine  Company,  whose  princi¬ 
pal  publication  was  the  Hampton-Columbian 
Magazine,  John  F.  B.  Atkin,  a  Philadelphia 
lawyer,  who  acted  as  general  counsel  for 
the  Orff  concern,  Lee  Sidwell,  Secretary  and 
Treasurer  of  the  company,  and  E.  Bryan 
Yates,  a  director  of  the  company,  were  all 
arrested  last  week,  and  locked  up  pending 
a  later  hearing.  Two  other  men,  one  a 
stock  broker,  who  have  fled  to  Europe,  it 
is  said,  are  wanted  in  the  same  case.  They 
declared  a  dividend  on  stock  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  inducing  persons  to  buy  the  stock, 
when  the  company  was  fast  losing  money 
and  instead  of  a  surplus,  owed  at  least 
$240,000.  The  receiver  since  reported  the 
liabilities  to  be  $640,000  and  no  assets.  The 
books  were  juggled,  and  by  an  estimated 
value  of  good  will  made  to  show  a  surplus. 
— Local  News. 

It  is  estimated  that  the  scheme  netted 
the  promoters  $2,000,000.  The  R.  N.-Y. 
does  not  feel  responsible  for  any  loss 
of  its  people  in  the  scheme.  The  warn¬ 
ing  was  certainly  timely  and  oft  re¬ 
peated.  Within  a  month  of  these  ar¬ 
rests  we  had  protests  from  people  who 
put  their  money  into  it,  and  expressing 
themselves  as  satisfied  with  the  invest¬ 
ment  and  sorry  they  did  not  have  more. 
The  stories  of  fighting  Wall  Street  and 
its  methods  appealed  to  these  confiding 
people,  and  somehow  they  could  not  see 
that  they  were  putting  their  money  into 
filtered  water.  There  was  not  even  a 
dreg  of  solid  matter  in  it.  Orff  came 
recently  from  St.  Louis,  where  he  seems 
to  have  learned  his  lesson  well.  To 
carry  it  out  logically  now  he  will  need 
to  set  himself  up  as  a  martyr,  and  ap¬ 
peal  to  Congress  for  an  indemnity  for  a 
lost  business.  Certainly  the  sacred  right 
to  rob  people  has  a  value  that  is  being 
cunningly,  if  not  logically  or  convinc¬ 
ingly  defended  before  a  Congressional 
committee  at  the  present  time.  The 
Lewis  pupil  seems  entirely  worthy  of 
his  master.  The  four  men  were  held 
later  for  the  Grand  Jury. 

Alfred  H.  Monroe,  president  of  the 
Globe  Association,  Chicago,  Ill.,  was  ac¬ 
quitted  on  the  charge  of  using  the  mails 
to  defraud  in  a  Federal  Court  in  Chi¬ 
cago  last  month.  The  Government  ap¬ 
parently  based  its  case  on  the  charge 
that  the  association  received  a  deposit 
of  $7.50  for  outfits  from  agents  and 
then  declined  to  refund  this  amount. 
The  defense  apparently  was  that  the 
agents  did  not  fulfill  the  conditions  of 
the  contracts  and  consequently  were 
not  entitled  to  the  refund.  We  doubt 
some,  whether  one  agent  in  a  hundred 
ever  understands  the  contract  fully, 
and  if  such  a  ruling  should  prevail  in 
a  civil  court,  the  deposit  may  as  well 
be  given  the  Globe  Association  outright 
as  a  gift.  We  doubt  whether  it  is  a 
physical  possibility  for  an  agent  to  live 
up  to  the  letter  of  the  agreement. 

Ex-Congressman  H.  M.  Coudrey,  of 
St.  Louis,  was  recently  arrested  in  New 
York  City  on  a  charge  of  using  the 
mails  to  defraud  in  promoting  the  sales 
of  worthless  stock  of  the  Twin  Conti¬ 
nental  Life  Insurance  and  International 
Fire  Insurance  companies,  both  of 
which  are  now  defunct.  He  was  taken 
to  St.  Louis  and  held  in  $6,000  bail. 
Since  the  failure  of  the  insurance  com¬ 
panies  Mr.  Coudrey  has  promoted  three 
other  companies,  one  of  which,  the 
Lincoln  National  &  Holding  Com¬ 
pany,  was  capitalized  for  $15,000,- 
000.  He  was  also  at  one  time  con¬ 
nected  with  a  patent  medicine — Labor- 
dine — which  medical  men  put  down  as 
one  of  the  brazen  frauds  of  the  quack 
profession.  The  R.  N.-Y.  was  under 
the  necessity  of  refusing  his  order  for 
an  advertisement  of  some  paper  securi¬ 
ties,  when  he  was  in  Congress.  In  fact 
the  declined  order  was  written  in  Con¬ 
gressional  offices.  It  is  said  that  the 
disappearance  of  $160,000  worth  of  as¬ 
sets  of  the  insurance  companies  is  back 
of  the  arrest.  St.  Louis  promoters  are 
very  much  in  evidence  at  this  time. 

We  thought  you  would  be  pleased  to 
know  that  we  have  received  a  check  from 
the  Pere  Marquette  Railroad  Company  cov¬ 
ering  our  claim  in  full,  and  we  wish  to 
thank  you  for  all  you  have  done  to  bring 
it  about.  The  railroads  are  collecting  an 
enormous  amount  of  money  from  farmers 
in  overcharge,  and  most  farmers  think  the 
word  of  the  railroad  agent  is  law.  They 
ought  to  wake  up.  Thanking  you  again 

Michigan.  d.  b. 

This  claim  was  for  an  overcharge  on 
a  shipment  of  manure  amounting  to 
$15.85.  We  finally  induced  the  railroad 
company  to  make  an  investigation 
which  showed  that  the  car  had  been 
billed  out  at  a  wrong  weight.  They  ac¬ 
cepted  the  verified  statement  of  the 
teamster  who  re-weighed  the  car  after 


much  correspondence  and  delay.  Many 
farmers  pay  such  bills,  and  while  they 
believe  the  charge  is  excessive,  do  not 
take  precaution  to  re-weigh  nor  the 
trouble  to  recover.  Complaints  of  the 
kind  are  frequent  enough  to  lead  to  the 
suspicion  that  agents  who  overcharge 
are  not  severely  punished  by  their  su¬ 
periors. 

I  enclose  a  contract  of  the  International 
Land  Company  of  Algona.  Iowa.  The  trick 
in  this  case  is  that  when  the  company 
makes  an  effort  to  sell  the  property,  the 
commission  is  due  whether  the  sale  is  made 
or  not.  I  learn  through  the  papers  that 
the  company  got  into  trouble  in  other  parts 
of  the  State.  w.  l. 

Iowa. 

In  essence  this  is  the  old  Ostrander 
scheme.  First  pay  a  fee  for  listing  the 
property,  and  the  agent  has  his  money 
whether  a  sale  is  made  or  not,  usually 
he  is  so  busy  getting  the  advanced  fees 
that  he  has  no  time  to  sell  farms. 

Received  the  $1.40  from  the  express  com¬ 
pany  at  Greene,  N.  Y'.,  for  overcharges  on 
the  400  baby  chicks  from  Stockton.  N.  .1. 
Please  accept  my  thanks  for  collecting  it, 
as  the  express  agent  had  refused  to  refund 
the  overcharges.  I  realize  that  The  It. 
N.-Y’.  is  entitled  to  more  than  just  thank 
you.  but  every  one  in  this  community  seems 
to  he  a  subscriber.  I,.  J.  H. 

New  Y'ork. 

An  overcharge  of  $1.40  may  seem  a 
small  matter ;  but  such  excesses  amount 
to  large  sums  in  the  aggregate.  This 
probably  helps  swell  the  enormous  divi¬ 
dends  paid  by  these  express  companies. 
In  a  community  in  which  everyone  is  a 
subscriber  to  The  R.  N.-Y.,  there  seems 
little  to  be  desired  from  its  standpoint, 
and  little  more  for  its  friends  to  do. 

Some  time  ago  I  shipped  19  skunk  and 
one  house  cat  skin  to  the  Corr.v  Hide  & 
Fur  Co.,  of  Corry,  Pa.  They  cut  me  so 
out  of  all  reason  in  the  grading  that  I  de¬ 
manded  a  return  of  the  furs  as  per  agree¬ 
ment.  The  return  shipment  arrived  yester¬ 
day,  and  I  think  the  only  part  of  the 
original  shipment  which  came  back  is  one 
cat  skin.  I  sent  them  three  or  four  black 
skunk,  one  the  largest  I  ever  got,  and 
they  returned  one  very  small  black  one ; 
of  those  that  I  sent  them  most  were  half 
stripes,  and  nearly  all  of  those  they  re¬ 
turned  were  full  stripe,  and  consequently 
of  much  less  value.  I  consider  the  ship¬ 
ment  returned  about  one-third  the  value 
of  the  one  I  sent.  My  father  and  1 
packed  up  the  shipment  I  sent  and  can  both 
make  affidavits  that  they  substituted  in¬ 
ferior  goods.  I  need  all  I  can  get  for  the 
furs  to  help  pay  my  school  expenses.  Do 
you  think  there  is  any  way  to  get  at  them? 
I  consider  $15  a  reasonable  compensation 
for  my  loss.  s.  A.  T. 

New  Y’ork. 

As  the  raw  fur  season  approaches  a 
word  of  caution  is  needed  against 
sending  furs  to  unreliable  jobbers  and 
dealers.  Some  firms  will  hold  your 
shipment  separate  until  you  receive  re¬ 
mittance,  and  if  you  are  not  satisfied 
you  can  order  the  furs  reshipped  and 
send  back  the  check.  But  even  this 
plan  does  not  protect  you  unless  the 
dealer  is  honest  and  responsible,  as  the 
above  experience  of  a  New  York  State 
subscriber  last  season  will  show.  We 
repeat  it  now  for  the  benefit  of  ship¬ 
pers.  J.  J.  d. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Pails  Stumps 
Soy  eft  Feet  Thick 


Monarch  5teel  Stu  mp  Puller 


JThe  mighty  Monarch  is  made  of  highest  grade 
Bessemer  Steel  in  our  own  big  factory.  Outwears 
three  ordinary  pullers.  Guaranteed  700  h.  p.  and 
against  breakage.  Only  stump  puller  in  the  world 
equipped  with  genuine  "Hercules"  Red  Strand  steel 
wire  rope,  the  kind  used  by  D.  S.  Government. 
Clears  1  to  6  acres  a  day.  Used  in  al  1  parte  of  world. 
~  Write  today  for  Catalog  and  speaialproposition 
ZIMMERMAN  STEEL  CO.,  Dept.R  Y DLone  Tree.  Ia. 


If  you  need  a  Gas  Engine  don’t  fail  to  send  for  our  catalog 
showing  the  many  advantages  offered  in  the  Lauson  Frosl 
King”  Line.  1  H.  P.  to  50  H  P. 

You  can  more  than  earn  the  cost  of  an  engine  Sawing 
Wood,  Cutting  Fodder,  Filling  Silos,  etc.,  for  your  neigh¬ 
bors  besides  the  benefit  of  having  an  engine  for  your  own 
work  at  all  times.  Every  Lauson  engine  is  guaranteed  to 
give  good  satisfaction  or  money  back. 

THE  JOHN  LAUSON 
MFG.  CO., 

218  N.W.  St. 

New  Holstein,  Wis. 


LO  OK 


ON  THE 
ENGINE 


J-M  Asbestos  Roofing  is  literally  a  pliable  rock.  It 
consists  of  several  layers  of  solid  Asbestos  rock  fibres  cement¬ 
ed  firmly  together  with  genuine  Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt.  It 
all  mineral.  No  perishable  material  in  it. 

This  roofing  contains  nothing  that  can  rot,  melt,  crack 
or  be  affected  by  water.  And  fire  that 
will  melt  iron  won*t  burn  it. 


eJMOSBESTOS  RS0FING 


is  still  in  service,  without  any  painting  or  graveling,  after  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  cent¬ 
ury  of  wear.  Get  this  roofing  from  your  dealer — or  send  your  order  direct  if  he  can’t 
supply  you.  Sample  of  the  curious  Asbestos  Rock  sent  free,  if  you  write  our  nearest 
branch  for  Booklet  W  48. 


1494 


H.  W.  JOHNS-MANVILLE  CO. 

ASBE5T0S. 


Manufacturers  of  Asbestos 
and  Magnesia  Products, 

Baltimore 
Boston 
Chicago 


Asbestos  Roofings,  Packings, 
Electrical  Supplies,  Etc. 

Cleveland  Kansas  City  Minneapolis  Omaha  San  Francisco 

Dallas  Los  Angeles  New  Orleans  Philadelphia  Seattle 

Detroit  Milwaukee  New  York  Pittsburgh  St.  Louis 

For  Canada  -The Canadian H.  W.  Johns-ManvilleCompany.Ltd. 

Toronto  Montreal  Winnipeg  Vancouver 


Cuts  faster.  Uses  less  power, 
Portable — easy  to  set  up.  Absolutely  accurate  set, 
Quick  return.  One  half  the  parts  of  other  mills. 
The  perfected  sawmill  of  56  years  experience 
Get  our  bier,  new  catalogue  on  Sawmills, 

Steam  Engines,  Boilers,  and  Mill  Equipments. 

A.  B.  FARQUHAR  CO.,  Ltd.,  Box514,  York  Pa. 


MakeMonepTAis Winter 

\tawing Lumber 

After  the  crops  are  all  harvested,  why  not  work  the 
wood  lot  for  the  money  that’s  in  it?  Fall  is  lumber 
time — the  time  to  cut  your  timber  into  lumber  for 
your  own  use  or  to  sell.  Buy  an  “  American  ”  Saw 
Mill,  which  cuts  the  most  lumber  at  the  least  cost, 
and  run  it  with  your  farm  engine.  The  price  of  a 
earload  of  lumber  will  buy  an  “American  ”  Mill  that 
will  cut  a  carload  a  day.  Ask  for  our  book,  “Making 
Money  Off  the  Wood  Lot.”  It  explains  a  money-mak¬ 
ing  proposition  for  the  farmer.  Write  our  nearest  office. 

American  Saw  Mill  Machinery  Co  •  Hncli«*ttfttownt  N.  J. 

1582  Terminal  Bldg.,  New  York.  Chicago,  Savannah, New  Orleans. 


“NEW  MODERN”  LITTER  CARRIER 


Saves  money  every  time.  Strongly  con¬ 
structed  of  galvanized  iron.  Watertight/ 
Double  trolleys.  All  parts’ extra  strong  and 
will  last  a  lifetime.  Capacity,  700  to  1000 
pounds.  Size,  32-in.  by  45-in.  by  12-in. 

“NEW  MODERN”  BARN  EQUIPMENT 

Litter,  Ensilage,  Platform  and  Merchandise  Carriers; 
Steel  Stalls,  Stanchions,  Water  Basins  and  Covers,  Feed 
Mangers,  Stable  Ventilators,  Adjustable  Steel  Gates, 
Trolley  Hoists,  Hog  Troughs  and  Galvanized  Tanks. 

—  FREE  PLANS  AND  CATALOG  — 

Send  rough  sketch  of  your  barn  layout 
and  we  will  make  free  plan  and  estimate. 


WRITE  FOR  FREE  CATALOG 

GLOR  BROS.  &  WILLIS  MFG.  CO.,  95  Main  St.,  Attica,  N.  Y. 

“Everything  for  the  Barn” 


WHEN  you  buy  the  old  reliable 
Sta-Rite  Gasoline  Engine,  you 
get  absolute  freedom  from  battery 
troubles  and  expense.  Because 
the  Sta-Rite  has  no  batteries. 

Ignition  is  furnished  by  the  mar¬ 
velous  Sta-Rite  Magneto  which 
is  built  right  into  and  is  mechan¬ 
ically  a  part  of  the  cylinder 

No  batteries  to  be  renewed 
and  ho  loose  connections  to 
stop  the  engine. 


THE  Guaranteed 
S 


The  Sta-Rite  Magneto  has  one  wire 
only  and  throws  a  big  fat  spark  abso¬ 
lutely  regardless  of  speed  of  engine.  And 
you‘11  get  the  same  kind  of  spark  in  five 
years  that  you  do  the  first  day  All  the 
Sta-Rite  Engines  (except  the  Vh  and  3 V4 
horse  power  sizes)  are  now  equipped  with 
the  Sta-Rite  Magneto  ignition  and  yet 
prices  remain  the  same.  Full  particulars 
6ent  for  the  asking  if  you  mention  this  paper 


Sta-Rite  is  un- 
questionably  the  simplest  ( 
and  strongest  farm  engine  in 

America.  Neat  in  design  and  strictly  high-^^^  grade  thru- 
out  Always  runs  smoothly  Carries  its  load  without  a  murmur 

Fully  Guaranteed.  Stays  Right,  Year  After  Year 
Because  it  is  Made  Right 

-because  we  positively  will  not  build 
a  cheap  "bargain"  engine 
I.  ,our  dealer  cannot  supply  you. 
write  for  illustrated  folder  show¬ 
ing  the  complete  Sta-Rite  Line. 


Sta-Rite 
Engine  Co. 

La  Crosse,  Wis. 


Arrow  points  to 
Sta-Rite  Magneto 


1911. 


1147 


Crops  and  Markets 

Wholesale  Prices  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  November  17,  1911. 


BUTTER 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 33  @  34 

Good  to  Choice . 25  @  32 

Cower  Grades  . 22  @  .24 

Storage . 24  @  .32 

State  Dairy,  best . 30  <g>  .32 

Common  to  Good . 22  ©  .28 

Factory . 13  @  .22 

Packing  Stock . 17  @  .21 

Elgin,  111.,  butter  market  firm  at  32  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  33  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  34  cents. 

CHEESE 

Full  Cream,  best . 14 

Common  to  Good . 12 

Skims . . 


THE  RTJRA.I>  NEW-YORKER 


© 

© 

© 


.15 

.13 

.12 


© 


EGGS 

White,  good  to  choice . 45 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 37 

Common  to  Good .  30 

Western,  good .  .33 

Under  grades . 15 

Checks  and  dirties . .12 

Storage,  prime .  .20 

BEANS 

Marrow,  100  lbs . 4.25 

Medium . 4,00 

Pea .  4.00 

Yellow  Eye . 3.85 

Red  Kidney . 5.35 

Lima,  California . 5.90 

HOPS 

Prime  to  Choice . 55 

Common  to  Good . 52 

Pacific  Coast.  . . 45 

German  Crop,  new .  .86 

DRIED  FRUITS 

Apples,  evap.,  choice,  4911 . 09  © 

Common  to  good . 07  © 

Sun  dried . 07  „ 

Cherries . 19  © 

Raspberries . 26  @ 


.50 

.39 

.35 

.36 

.22 

.17 

.21 


©  4.80 
©  4.25 
@  4.30 
@  4.00 
©  5.76 
®  6.00 


@ 

@ 

© 

@ 


.57 

.54 

.47 

.91 


.10 
.08 
@  .08 
.21 
.27 


FRESH  FRUITS 

Apples,  Wealthy,  bbl . 2.00  @  3.25 

Spy .  1.75  ©  3.00 

Spitzenburg  . .  1.50  @  3.50 

Twenty  Ounce .  2.25  @  3.50 

McIntosh . 2.50  ©  4.00 

Ben  Da  vis .  1.50  ©  2  50 

Baldwin .  1.50  @  2.75 

Greening .  1.50  ©  8.50 

King . 2.00  @3.50 

Hubbardston . 1.50  @  2  50 

York  Imperial .  2.50  ©  3.50 

Western,  box .  1.25  @  3.00 


Pears,  Seckel,  bbl . 

@ 

5.00 

Clairgeau,  bbl . 

© 

4.00 

Bartlett,  bbl . 

© 

5.50 

Anjou,  bbi . 

@ 

4.00 

Bose,  bbl . 

® 

5.50 

Sheldon . 

@ 

5.00 

Kieffer,  bbl . 

© 

2.00 

Cranberries.  Cape  Cod,  bbl . 

..  6.00 

© 

9  60 

Jersey,  bbl . 

© 

7.75 

Grapes,  Concord.  20-lb.  bkt . 

@ 

.40 

Black,  4-lb  bkt . 

© 

.11 

Niagara .  . 

© 

.13 

Bulk,  ton . 

@75.00 

Citron,  bbl . 

© 

.60 

Strawberries,  Calif  ,  pt . 

@ 

.35 

VEGETABLES 

Potatoes,  N.  Y.  State,  bbl . 

@ 

2.75 

Maine,  bag . 

© 

2.75 

© 


Long  Island,  bbl . 3.00  @  3.25 

Sweet  Potatoes,  bbl . 2.00  ©  2.50 

Beets,  bbl .  1.00  @  1.25 

Carrots,  bbl . 76  @1.25 

Cabbage,  Dan iBh  seed,  ton . 14.00  @18  00 

Domestic  seed,  ton . 10.00  @14.00 

Cauliflowers,  L.  I.,  bbl .  1.00  @  2.50 

Cucumbers.  Southern,  bu .  2.00  @  3.00 

Lettuce,  14- bbl.  bkt . 50  @2.00 

Peppers,  Jersey,  bbl . 50  @  1.50 

Onions,  State  and  Western,  100  lbs...  1.70  ©  2.00 

Orange  Co.,  bag .  2.00  @  2.25 

White,  bu .  1.60  @  1.90 

Conn.  Yellow,  100-lb.  bag .  1.60  @  1.90 

String  Beans,  bu . 25  @  24)0 

Lima  Beans,  potato,  bu . 1.50  @  2F0 

Bpinach,  bbl . 50  ©  .75 

Squash,  Marrow,  bbl . 50  ©  .75 

Hubbard,  bbl . 60  ©  .75 

Turnips,  Rutabaga,  bbl . 66  @  1.00 

White,  bbl .  1.00  ©  1.25 

Egg  Plants,  Fla,,  box .  2.00  @  2.75 

Tomatoes,  Fla.  Carrier . 25  @1.00 

HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 

Cucumbers,  No.  1,  doz .  1.00  @  1.25 

No.  2,  box .  3.00  ©  4.00 

Tomatoes,  lb . 10  ©  .23 

Lettuce,  doz . 60  ©  .75 

Mushrooms,  lb . 20  @  .50 

Radishes,  100  bunches .  1.50  @  3.25 

NUTS 

Chestnuts,  bu .  1.00  @  3.25 

Shellbarks,  per  50  lbs .  1.75  @  2.50 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Chickens,  lb . 10^@  .llhs 

Fowls . 10}jj  ©  .11*6 

Roosters . 07  ©  .0716 

Ducks . 1 . 12  @  .13 

Geese . 12  ©  .13 

Turkeys . 14  ©  .16 

Guineas,  pair .  .40  @  .50 

DRESSED  POULTRY 

Turkeys.  Spring,  best . 18 

Old  Common  to  Good . 14 

Chickens,  choice  broilers,  lb . 23 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 18 

Roasters . 18 

Fowls .  13 

8pring  Ducks,  lb . 15 

Squabs,  doz .  1.25 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 

Calves,  prime,  lb . 12 

Common  to  good . 08 

Buttermilks . 06 

Roasting  Pigs,  lb . 10 

Pork.  Light . 09 

Heavy . 07 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Hay,  Timothy  No.  1,  ton . 25.00  @  26.00 

No.  2 . 23.00  ©  24.00 

No.  3 . 20.00  ©  22.00 

Clover  Mixed . 20.00  @  24  00 

Clover .  20.00  ©  24.00 

Straw,  Rye . 18.00  @  20.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 10.00  @  11.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 5.25 

Bulls . 3.00 

Cows .  1 .60 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 6.00 

Culls  . 4.50 

8heep,  100  lbs .  1.50 

Lambs . 5.00 

Hogs . 500 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.14 

No.  2,  Red . 98 

No.  2  Hard  Winter .  1.04 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 77 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 50 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 90 

Barley,  choice  .  1.15 

MILL  FEED — Car  LOTS 

8pring  Bran,  ton .  26.00  ©  26.50 

Standard  Middlings .  27.25  ©  28.50 

Red  Dog.  .: . 31.00  @  32.00 

Hominy  Chop .  25.00  @  26.20 

Linseed  Meal .  39.50  @  40.00 

Corn  Meal .  30.00  @  32.00 


.20 
.17 
25 
.22 
.23 
•16*6 
©  .18 
@  4.50 


© 

@ 

@ 


@  .13 
@  .11 
@  .07 
@  .12 
@  .09*6 
©  .08 


@  7.60 
©  4.25 
@  4.50 
@10.00 
©  5  .50 
©  3.50 
©  5.85 
@  6.70 

@  . . 
©  .. 
©  . 
@  32 
©  .55 
@  .94 
©  1.25 


COTTON 

New  York  Middling  Upland . 

Middling  Gulf . 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling . 

Good  Middling . 

CHICAGO 

Butter,  creamery .  35 

Eggs,  good  to  prime  firsts . 23 

Live  Turkeys . 13 

Fowls  . 09 

Chickens . 00 

Potatoes,  bbl .  2.25 

Apples,  bbl .  1.75 

Hogs .  6.00 

BUFFALO 

Butter,  creamery . 32 

Eggs,  State . 35 

Live  Chickens . . 13 

Fowls . 10 

Potatoes,  bbl . 1.85 

Hogs . 5.75 


9450 

9.75 

S.85 

9.65 


©  .32 
©  .28 
@  .15 
@  .10 
@  .10 
@  2.50 
@  4.00 
@  6.45 


@ 


.34 
.37 
.14 
@  .12 
@  2  40 
@  6.70 


The  United  States  uses  about  $111,000,- 
000  worth  of  soap  annually.. 

The  National  Chemistry  Bureau  last  year 
collected  9,500  food  samples,  finding  3,113 
adulterated. 

.Three  per  cent  of  the  immigrants  arriv¬ 
ing  at  New  York  during  the  past  year  were 
refused  admittance  as  undesirables. 

Last  year  76,549,951  barrels  of  Portland 
cement  were  produced  in  this  country,  an 
increase  of  2, GOO  per  cent  in  10  years. 

According  to  tax  records  Germany  has 
747  persons  worth  upwards  of  .$1,000,000, 
the  largest  single  holding,  $44,500,000.  be¬ 
ing  that  of  the  daughter  of  Herr  Krupp, 
the  gun  maker. 

The  world’s  crop  of  hops  for  1911  is 
146,080,000  pounds.  Germany  has  65,934 
acres  in  this  crop;  Austria-Hungary  51,- 
826 ;  the  United  States.  46.950 ;  England, 
34,593 ;  and  Russia.  22.240  acres.  The 
highest  average  yield  per  acr£  was  that  of 
England.  1,100  pounds,  exceeding  the 
United  States  by  200  pounds. 


the  buyer  to  press  and  take  presser's 
weights,  $13.05  per  ton.  Straw  stack,  about 
five  tons,  lumped  off  for  $10.50.  Hemlock 
lumber  seasoned  first  quality.  $1.28  per  100 
feet ;  basswood,  seasoned,  first  quality,  $1.58 
per  100  feet.  Northern  Spy  apple's,  hand 
picked,  first  quality,  sold  for  15  and  20 
cents  a  bushel.  Most  of  the  milk  here  goes 
to  the  Bordens  at  Edmeston.  Potatoes  sell 
for  65  cents  a  bushel.  Lots  of  first  quality 
apples  of  all  kinds  are  being  made  into  eider 
and  jelly,  there  being  no  sale  for  them. 
Good  horses  can  be  bought  from  $200  up. 
Good  matched  teams,  weighing  from  900  to 
1,400  pounds,  bring  $500  or  better.  All 
mill  feed  is  way  up  for  this  time  of  year. 

Burlington  Flats,  N.  Y.  c.  w. 

Cows  sell  from  $25  to  $60.  Horses  sell 
from  $25  to  $300.  Lambs  are  selling  at 
$4.50  per  100  pounds;  sheep,  $3.50;  chick¬ 
ens,  nine  cents  per  pound ;  hay  from  $17 
down.  Milk  worth  at  factory  $1.25  per  100 
pounds ;  eggs,  37  cents,  buying  price  at 
store.  Corn  selling  at  mill,  $1.60  per  100, 
Western  corn.  Farmers  use  all  they  raise 
here.  Oats,  45  cents  per  bushel.  Wheat  $1 
per  bushel.  Buckwheat,  $1.30  per  100 
pounds.  Last  three  items  are  what  the  mill 
pays  for  these  grains.  Potatoes,  60  cents 
per  bushel.  Winter  apples,  about  50  to  75 
cents  a  bushel.  Pigs,  eight  cents  a  pound, 
dressed.  hoffman  poultry  farm. 

Erie  Co.,  Pa. 


Auction  Sales. 

Cows  are  bringing  $35  to  $50.  Horses 
high,  $175  to  $300.  Hay  is  selling  at  $19 
to  $21.  Potatoes  70  to  80  cents  a  bushel. 
Apples  65  to  75.  Winter  hand  picked.  Milk 
delivered  20  cents  or  F.  O.  B.  18  cents  a 
gallon.  Cream  65  cents  or  F.  O.  B.  60 
cents.  h.  w.  z. 

Brockwayville,  Pa. 

At  present  I  think  milk  is  bringing  $1.60 
a  can  of  40  quarts  at  our  creamery,  and 
stock  is  some  lower  than  last  year.  Good 
fresh  cows  are  selling  from  $40  to  $50  per 
head,  and  strippers  at  $20  to  $30.  Hay  is 
scarce  and  high,  selling  at  $18  to  $20  per 
ton,  and  all  kinds  of  feed  Is  much  higher 
than  last  year.  r.  l.  s. 

Kortright.  N.  Y. 

Hay  is  contracted  at  $25  per  ton  deliv¬ 
ered  in  Erie.  I  never  knew  of  silage  being 
sold  but  once,  some  years  ago.  Only  two 
or  three  sales  locally  this  Fall.  I  did  not 
attend.  I  got  all  feeding  cattle  in  Chicago  ; 
cannot  get  anything  locally.  We  get  this 
week  35  cents  for  eggs  and  30  cents  for 
butter.  Hand-picked  apples,  75  cents;  po¬ 
tatoes  75  cents;  lard.  15  cents  a  pound: 
Spring  chickens,  22  cents  dressed  ;  dressed 
veal.  13  cents;  hogs  9%  cents,  l.  c.  h. 

Avonia,  Pa. 

Prices  at  auction  are  not  so  high  in  Fall 
as  Spring.  Present  prices  are  :  Fresh  cows, 
$50 ;  feeding  steers,  six  cents  pound  ;  veal, 
live,  eight  cents ;  farrow  cows,  $20  to  $30 ; 
young  pigs,  pair,  $5 ;  feeding  pigs,  40 
pounds  or  more,  $6 ;  horses,  young  and 
sound,  $125  to  $160;  chickens,  live.  12  cents 
pound  ;  dressed.  18  to  20  cents ;  ducks  and 
geese,  live,  20  cents:  wheat.  95  cents;  oats, 
50  cents ;  corn,  ear,  30  cents ;  rye,  80  cents ; 
hay,  ton,  $18  to  $20 ;  straw,  $8 ;  potatoes, 
retail,  85  cents;  ear  lots,  75  cents:  apples. 

50  to  80  cents  bushel ;  carrots,  turnips  and 

parsnips,  40  to  50  cents  bushel.  s. 

Avonia,  Pa. 

Grade  milch  cows  sell,  fresh,  $40  to  $60  ; 
strippers.  $20  to  $40.  Pigs,  four  to  six 
weeks  old.  each,  $1  to  $2.  Local  market 
pays  eight  to  nine  cents  per  pound  for 
porkers,  dressed.  Hay  is  worth  from  $10 
to  $12  in  the  mows.  Manure  from  livery 
stables  and  like.  $1  per  ton  at  the  stables. 
The  Borden  Milk  Company  pays  $1.80  per 
100  pounds.  Local  shipping  company  pays 
same  price.  Good  butter  retails  at  35  cents ; 
wholesale,  30  to  32  cents.  Full  cream 
cheese,  wholesale,  14  cents;  retail,  18  to  20 
cents.  Fowls,  alive,  to  butchers,  10  cents; 
chickens,  11  cents.  Oats,  50  cents  per  bush¬ 
el  ;  wheat.  $1  ;  rye,  70  cents ;  buckwheat. 
$1.25  to  $1.40  per  100  pounds.  Potatoes,  60 
to  75  cents  per  bushel.  Apples,  sprayed 
and  cultivated,  o.  1,  $1  per  bushel :  No.  2, 
75  cents :  No.  3  and  No.  4.  50  cents.  Cider 
sells  at  10  to  12%  cents  per  gallon:  kegs 
or  barrels  furnished.  Old  vinegar,  per 
barrel,  best,  15  cents  per  gallon.  Hickory 
nuts  good  crop,  price  started  at  $2  per 

bushel,  now  $1  to  $1.25  per  bushel.  But¬ 
ternuts  $1  per  bushel.  v.  t.  s. 

Athens,  Pa. 

At  an  auction  held  here  recently  there 

were  14  head  (black  and  white)  sold.  Five 
were  cows  six  years  old,  due  in  March  and 
April.  They  brought  average  of  $31  apiece. 
Three  heifers  three  years  old,  due  in  Feb¬ 
ruary  and  March,  sold  for  $48,  $37  and  $29. 
Four  heifers  two  years  old  averaged  $19.25. 
Two  heifers  one  year  old,  averaged  $13. 

White  Leghorns,  hens  and  roosters  together, 
brought  32%  cents  apiece.  Oats,  1911  crop, 

51  cents  per  bushel.  Hay,  first  quality, 


Goverment  Crop  Report, 

The  latest  estimate  gives  the  corn  crop 
as  2,776,301.000  bushels,  a  per  acre  yield 
of  23.9  bushels;  potatoes.  281.735.000  bush¬ 
els;  buckwheat.  17.051.000  bushels;  flax¬ 
seed,  21.292.000  bushels.  Below  are  esti¬ 
mates  of  the  yield  per  acre  and  total  in  the 
chief  potato1  States-  of  this  country : 


Potatoes  a  good  crop  and  bringing  60 
cents  per  bushel ;  corn  80  cents  per  70 
pounds:  buckwheat  $1.30  per  100;  hogs, 
seven  cents  per  pound  dressed  ;  eggs,  34  cents 
per  dozen;  cows,  $40  to  $60;  horses,  $125 
to  $175;  apples,  $1.50  per  barrel;  butter, 
35  cents  per  pound.  s. 

Alba,  Pa. 

All  records  for  apples  in  Sodus,  Wayne 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  have  been  broken.  The  crop 
exceeds  that  of  the  famous  crop  of  1896. 
The  fruit  is  of  much  better  quality  in  addi¬ 
tion.  It  looks  now  as  though  the  evapora¬ 
tors  would  run  until  after  the  holidays, 
unless  the  fruit  should  be  frozen  by  bad 
weather.  At  best  a  large  quantity  of  fruit 
will  go  to  waste.  b.  j.  c. 

Here  are  prices  that  farmers  get  for 
produce  at  our  market  now:  Hay,  $18  per 
ton ;  straw,  $8 ;  manure,  $1  per'  load ;  fat 
cows,  six  cents  a  pound  ;  hogs,  eight  cents 
dressed;  potatoes,  70  cents  per  bushel; 
milk,  four  cents  per  quart;  dairy  butter, 
32  cents;  chickens,  10  cents  a  pound;  fresh 
cows  in  milk,  $40  to  $50.  g.  w.  w. 

Athens,  Pa. 


Now  York  . 

.  74 

30.7S4.000 

Michigan  . 

29.328.000 

Wisconsin  . 

.  116 

30.160.000 

Maine  . 

.  119 

21,470,000 

I’cn'nsylvania  .... 

.  56 

17,360.000 

Colorado  . 

.  35 

2.275,000 

131,377,000 

This  is  a  deficiency  over  1911  of  35,774,- 
000  bushels. 


The  Vermont  State  Horticultural  Society 
met  at  Montpelier  November  1-3.  The 
speakers  included  Dr.  E.  II.  Forbusli,  Massa¬ 
chusetts  State  Ornithologist;  Mr.  M.  C. 
Burritt :  Dr.  J.  K.  Shaw  of  the  Massachu¬ 
setts  Experiment  Station ;  Prof.  F.  C. 
Sears  of  Massachusetts  Agricultural  College 
and  Wilfrid  Wheeler.  The  officers  for  the 
ensuing  year  are :  President,  E.  H.  TIallett, 
St.  Johnsbury  ;  secretary.  Prof.  M.  B.  Cum¬ 
mings,  Burlington  ;  treasurer,  A.  M.  Vaughn, 
Randolph ;  auditor,  E.  L.  Wright,  Middle- 
bury.  Executive  committee,  the  president, 
secretary  and  C.  T.  Holmes,  Charlotte; 
Luther  Putnam,  Cambridge,  and  G.  D. 
Aiken,  Putney. 


CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  November  25, 
1911. 

FARM  TOPICS. 

now  to  Start  Alfalfa  in  New  York..  1130 

Direct  Business  with  Farmers .  1131 

An  Experience  with  Rye .  1131 

Coming  Farmers’  Meetings .  1132 

Baling  Hay  in  the  Field .  1133 

A  Day’s  Work  on  An  Alaska  Farm..  1134 
nope  Farm  Notes .  1136 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

A  Breeder  Talks  Sense  .  1142 

Milk  .  1143 

Oat  and  Pea  Hay  for  Horses .  1144 

Ration  for  Heifer .  1144 

Purchasing  a  Balanced  Ration .  1144 

Feeding  Problems .  1144 

Ration  for  Milk  Making .  1144 

Dairy  Ration  . 1144 

Another  Milk  Ration  .  1144 

The  Groat  Poultry  Contest .  1145 

The  Leghorn  Pullet’s  Brother .  1145 

The  Engineer’s  Brooders .  1145 

Proportion  of  Male  Birds .  1145 

Coal  Ashes  for  Mites  and  Lice .  1145 

HORTICULTURE. 

An  Ohio  Orchard  on  Shares .  1130 

Transplanting  Old  Trees .  1131 

Trademark  on  Nursery  Stock .  1132 

Xanthoeeras  Sorbifolia  .  1132 

Raising  Aster  Seed  .  1132 

Barren  Mulberry  .  1133 

Daffodils  in  Greenhouses  .  1133 

Oats  in  •  Strawberries .  1133 

Protecting  Privet  from  Mice . '1135 

Growing  Cannas  from  Seed .  1137 

Baby  Rambler  Roses .  1137 

Stock  for  Grafting  Pears .  1137 

Destroying  Sow  Bugs  .  1137 

The  Peruvian  Rain  Tree .  1137 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day .  1140 

A  Necktie  Easily  Made .  1140 

Embroidery  Designs  .  1140 

The  Rural  Patterns  .  1141 

Crocheting  an  Auto  Toque .  1141 

Winter  Puddings  .  1141 

Birch  Bark  Picture  Frames . .  1141 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

The  Camera  as  a  Business  Proposition 

1129,  1130 

A  Plan  for  Parcels  Post .  1130 

The  Worker  at  the  Tubs .  1130 

The  Miller  as  Middleman.  ...  . .  1130 

One  School  Teacher  Talks .  1135 

A  Surgical  Operation  on  Fakes .  1135 

Editorials  .  1138 

Publisher’s  Desk  .  1146 


I 


r'KRY  fruit  grower, 
L  gardener  and  farmer 
needs  a  small  depend¬ 
able  spraying  outfit. 
The  Iron  Ago  Barrel 
Sprayer  is  mounted  on 
Skids — easily  moved,  no 
danger  of  upsetting — 
high  pressure,  perfect 
agitation,  easy  to  oper¬ 
ate,  pump  outside, 
hemp  packing,  bronze 
ball  valves — no  corro¬ 
sion.  Hand  lever  oper¬ 
ates  pump  and  dasher 
at  same  time.  Sold  in 
several  combinations. 
Surprisingly  low  prices. 
If  you  want  to  save 
time  and  labor,  also 
make  money,  send  for 
free  booklets  describ¬ 
ing  our  completo  lino 


ing  our  completo  lino 
f  orchard,  field  and  garden  tools.  Backed  by 
I  years’  experience.  Write  a  postal  today. 

BATEMAN  M’F’R  CO.. Box  102-H,  GRENLOCH,  N.  J. 


25  Years  of  Grand  Results 

24  Littell  Ave., 

Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Mar.  7,  1911. 

Gentlemen:  1  have 

used  yourSpavln  Cure 
for  twenty-five  years 
with  excellent  results. 

T.  M.  Nolan. 

Kendall’s 
Spavin 
Cure 

Keeps  legs  sound  and  trim.  It  will  add  many 
dollars  to  the  value  of  your  horse.  The  old  reliable 
Tn!?,t«y„  ?|r?pavln’  RlhSbO'ie,  Splint,  Curb,  Swollen 
Joints  and  Lameness.  Equally  reliable  as  house¬ 
hold  remedy.  At  druggists,  $1  a  bottle  Get  free1 
book, “A  Treatise  on  the  Horse,”  or  write  to—  121 

DR.  B.B.  KENDALL  CO.,  ENOSBURG  FALLS,  VT. 


SKUNK 

M.  J.  Jewett  Sons,  I 


We  buy  Skunk,  Mink, Musk¬ 
rat  and  all  other  raw  furs  at 
highest  market  prices,  and 
give  liberal  assortments  and 
“A  square  deal’’  to  everyone. 

1  Price-list  free. 
Redwood,  N.  Y„  Dept.  29 


RAW  FURS  WANTED 


■  Highest  Price* — Liberal  Assortment  1 


QUICK  CASH  PAYMENTS 

Why  not  become  one  of  our  satisfied  shippers? 
Write  lor  Price  List  and  References 

Write  To-day— Write  Note 

SUSKIND  &  LEVY 

PeP*-  19  East  9th  Street  New  York  City 


TRAPPERS 


Mor, 

.  «  _IIW  Money.  Head 

i  Huntor-Trador- 

— J,  .  Trapper,  illustrated,  128  to  200  page 
.  „  —  magazine  about  Steel  Traps,  Dead¬ 

falls,  Trapping  Secrets,  Haw  Furs,  Dogs,  Guns,  Ginseng, 
Big  Game  Hunting,  etc.  Sample  10  ets.  BUYERS  and 
TRAPPER8,you  need  the  16-21  page  weekly.  Comp  and 
Trail,  contains  Haw  Fur  Price  List,  Market  Letters,  etc. 
Sample  5c,  or  two  copies  of  each,  25c.  A.  It.  HARD¬ 
ING  PITH.  CO.,  Box  509,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

Poultry  forThanksgiving 

APPLES,  PEARS  and  all  Fruits  and 
Vegetables,  Fancy  Eggs,  Hothouse 
Products.  Top  prices  secured  for 
choice  goods.  Correspondence  solicited. 

Archdeacen  &  Co.,  100  Murray  St.,  New  York 

JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

Dressed  Poultry  and  Eggs  Our  Specialties 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 


your  Dressed  Turkeys,  Ducks  and  Geese 

- to - 

GEO.  OLIVER  &  COMPANY 

Established  1850 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 
West  Washington  Market  New  York,  N.  Y. 
_  PROMPT  RETURNS 

G5i>iJV3AM^ONIii'.  _KST- 1875.  FRANK  W.  GODWIN 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  CO., 

gSSlIWSiWSBSJfi:  S5&  ‘ASMS? 

rlef  ,,B;ltkter’  Cheese,  Poultry.  Mushrooms 

JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  COMPANY, 

Commission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York' 
Poultry,  Eggs,  Meats.  Produce.  Shipments  Solicited 

The  Rochester  Produce 

&  Commission  Company 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 

Highest  Prices  Paid  for  Butter,  Cheese,  Eggs,  Lard, 
Poultry,  Calves,  Beans,  Potatoes,  Etc. 

244-246  Clinton  Avenue,  North  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

PLEASE:  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com¬ 
mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter. 
Eggs,  Poultry,  Pork,  Calves,  Hay,  Grain,  Beans, 
Apples,  etc,  E.  B.  WOODWARD,  302  Greenwich  St.,  N.  V 

Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.,  -  Boston. 


Send  your  APPLES  to 

C.  E.  Thurston  Company 

204  Franklin  Street,  New  York 


You  receive  your  account 
sales  and  check  for 
net  proceeds  the  day 
after  the  goods  are  sold. 


To  Be  Sold  At  Auction 


Write  them  for  terms  and 
names  of  growers  who 
have  tried  this  system  and 
are  shipping  them  fruit. 


114« 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


November  25,  1911. 


tester 


JIG  SAW 


OPERATING 


CREAM 

SEPARATOR 


Power  ATtawmeni 


rHUPIttEg. 


■  ..^MCTRUcnojiS 

MECHANKALC^^ 


fARM  On 


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ENSUAGt  KNIVES 


SHARPENING 


)  FACI N G- 
lf?ON  ^ 


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DRl*' 

DHARPENE 


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OUTFIT 


■••"•"'•••■uni 


Ban 


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tiS  TOTMiiiJti — - — ; 
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Grinder  Head f  *  J 


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Transmission  11 

t  v 


>r,jStee\ 
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Steel  Truss 

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Transmit 


Metal  Pedal* 
Bicycle  Action 


Gears  i  n 


30  Days  Free  THai-A  Wonderful  Farm  Machine 


Sharpens  all  tools  for  farmers  and  mechanics — sharp¬ 
ens  ensilage  and  threshing  machine  knives  without 
removing  them — sharpens  and  grinds  everything  from 
sickles,  discs,  plow  points,  cultivator  blades,  etc.  to 
your  favorite  razor — can  be  used  as  a  jig  saw,  rip  saw, 
drill,  lathe,  milk  tester — runs  cream  separator  and 
churn— has  30  different  attachments  to  select  from  — 
costs  but  little  more  than  the  grindstone. 


Luther  Hummer  Tool  Grinder 


Here  is  a  tool  grinder  that  is  a  whole  workshop  in  itself  and  it  is  low  enough  in 
price  for  everyone  to  afford.  It  makes-every  bit  of  your  everyday  work  so  much 
easier — it  saves  your  time  and  money  in  so  many  different  ways  that  no  farmer  or 
tool-user  should  fail  to  find  out  every  fact  about  it.  No  other  machine  ever  built  is 
like  it  or  approaches  its  wide  range  of  usefulness — no  other  machine  of  so  moderate 
a  price  will  save  you  so  much  money  and  work.  We  want  you  to  try  this  wonderful 
machine  for  30  |days  free  on  your  farm  without  any  promises  or  red 
tape.  You  can  sharpen  and  polish  all  your  tools  and  try  it  out  in  every 
way.  Then  if  you  do  not  want  to  keep  it  send  it  back.  Our  big  40-page  free 
book  tells  all  about  this  machine  and  its  uses. 

Dimo-Grit  Wheels— “the  wheel  for  steel.”  25  times  faster 
than  grindstones— 10  times  more  efficient  than  emery. 
Will  not  draw  temper  from  steel. 

Dimo-Grit  cuts  away  hardest  steel  as  emery  does  soft  copper.  These  wonderful  sharpening  wheels 
turning  4000  revolutions  per  minute,  will  quickly  do  any  job  of  sharpening.  Compared  to  grinding 
on  a  grindstone  it  is  mere  play  to  do  the  toughest  job  of  grinding  with  Dimo-Grit  wheels — the  “wheel 
for  steel.”  No  need  of  cooling  with  water — no  danger  of  drawing  temper.  No  more  spoiling 
of  tools,  no  more  back-breaking  work  on  the  grindstone.  Think  of  how  much  easier  your  every  day 
work  will  be — how  much  better  and  quicker  you  will  do  it  with  all  your  tools  keen  and  bright.  Dimo- 
Grit  is  the  latest  development  of  artificial  diamond  substance,  a  twin  product  of  Carborundum  you 
have  heard  so  much  about.  But  Dimo-Grit  is  especially  suited  to  steel.  Carborundum  wheels 
furnished  if  wanted.  McClure's  Magazine’s  intensely  interesting  story  about  the  discovery  of  artifi¬ 
cial  diamond  substances  is  told  in  our  Free  Book. 


A  whole  workshop  in  itself 

With  this  machine  you  can  do  every  kind  of  sharpening,  grinding 
or  polishing — you  can  sharpen  ensilage  knives  without  removing  them 
— run  the  chum  and  cream  separator  with  half  the  effort  and  save 
your  back.  The  milk  tester  will  help  you  sort  out  unprofitable  cows 
($  of  all  cows  are  milked  at  a  loss).  With  the  special  attach¬ 
ments  the  Hummer  can  be  used  as  a  jig  saw,  rip  saw,  turn¬ 
ing  lathe,  drill  or  horse  clipper.  Has  30  different  attach¬ 
ments  from  which  you  can  select  any  number  of  attach¬ 
ments  you  need.  It  saves  money  in  countless  ways — it  does  all 
sorts  of  repair  jobs  on  which  you  would  otherwise  waste  time  and 
money  in  taking  the  job  to  town.  The  free  book  fully  shows  the 
many  ways  the  Hummer  saves  money  for  you,  and  how  it  pays  for 
itself  over  and  over  again.  No  other  machine  ever  built  saves  so 
much  hard  work  and  so  much  money  in  so  many  different  ways. 

Shaft  drive  like  an  automobile 

Look  at  the  mechanical  picture  in  the  left-hand  corner  of  this  ad¬ 
vertisement — see  what  strong  construction  this  machine  has — notice 
how  the  easy  running  shalt  drive  is  enclosed  in  dust-proof  housing — 
you  can  see  why  this  machine  will  give  long  service.  Its  shaft  drive, 
ball  bearings,  bevel  gears  and  gravity  feed  lubrication  make  it  run 
as  easy  as  a  sewing  machine. 

Makes  anyone  an  expert  at  tool 
sharpening 

The  patent  tool  rests  and  special-  attachments  enable  even  an  in¬ 
experienced  boy  to  do  the  most  difficult  sharpening,  such  as  twist 
drills,  saws,  discs,  hay  knives,  mower  knives*  etc. — any  and 
every  job  of  sharpening  and  grinding.  You  expect  to  use  tools  every 
day  for  years.  Consider  how  much  easier  and  quicker  this  wonderful 
machine  will  make  all  your  work — how  much  money  it  will  save! 

This  machine  will  help  keep  the  boys  on  the  farm.  It 
lightens  their  work  and  makes  it  a  pleasure — makes  them 
forget  the  lure  of  the  city. 

Instructive  40-Page  Free  Book 

This  interesting  book  contains  over  100  illustrations  and  40  pages 
of  valuable  information  about  the  care  of  tools.  It  tells  the  best  way 
to  sharpen  and  polish  tools  and  make  them  last  longer.  It  tells  all 
about  the  Luther  Hummer  Tool  Grinder  and  answers  every  question 
you  can  think  of  about  the  machine  and  how  to  keep  tools  sharp. 
It  also  reprints  M'cClure’s  interesting  story  of  the  discovery  of  artificial 
diamonds  and  the  adaption  to  commercial  uses,  and  tells  about  the 
wonderful  electric  furnaces  at  Niagara  Falls  in  which  Dimo-Grit  is 
made.  Return  coupon  for  30  Days  Free  Trial  Offer  and  Free  Book. 


DIMO-GRIT 
Sharpening  Stones 

Ask  your  dealer  for  Dimo- 
Grit  Sharpening  Stones,  the 
fastest  and  smoothest  sharpen¬ 
ing  stones  on  the  market.  Dimo- 
Grit  is  the  greatest  sharpening 
substance  for  steel.  Look  for 
the  name  on  the  stone. 


30  Days  Free  Trial  Offer  Relurn 


We  want  to  prove  to  you  the  value  of  this  great  labor  saving 
machine  on  the  farm.  Answer  this  advertisement  today  and  get  the 
particulars  of  our  30  daysjfree  trial  offer,  also  the  free  book.  You 
will  be  under  no  obligations  whatever.  Fill  out  the  coupon  and  get  full 
information  and  free  40-page  book  by  return  mail.  Write  today  SURE. 


agr 

m 


COUPON 

LUTHER  GRINDER  MFG.  CO., 

128  Stroh  Bldg.,  Milwaukee,  WIs. 

Please  send  at  no  cost  or  obligation  your  30  days 
free  trial  offer,  and  your  large  free  book. 


My  name  Is 


DIMO-GRIT 
Sharpening  Stones 


Ask  your  dealer  for  Dimo- 
Grit  Sharpening  Stones,  the 
fastest  and  smoothest  sharpen¬ 
ing  stones  on  the  market.  Dimo- 
Grit  is  the  greatest  sharpening 
substance  for  steel.  Look  for 
the  name  on  the  stone. 


vOag 


Luther  Grinder  Mfg 


128  Stroll  Building,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 


My  address  Is 


NEW  YORK 

More  Than  Claimed  For  It. 

The  machine  is  all  and  more  than  yon  claim  for 
it.  I  find  more  uses  for  it  every  day. 

Vic.  Anderson,  Bay  Shore,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 

Used  Grinder  Five  "Years. 

About  six  years  ago  I  purchased  a  Grinder  of  you 


whicti  is  still  giving  most  excellent  satisfaction, 
and  I  find  it  a  very  useful  machine  to  have  on  the 
farm.  Henry  O.  Turner,  Oazenovia,  N.  Y. 

Friend  Laughed  at  First. 

Have  given  the  Grinder  a  good  test.  It  does  all 
you  claim  it  to  do.  Some  of  our  friends  laughed 
and  said  we  were  foolish  for  sending  for  it,  because 


it  would  be  no  good.  One  of  them  was  here  when 
we  were  trying  it  and  said  he  thought  it  was  well 
worth  the  money  we  paid  for  it.  He  thinks  he 
may  get  one  after  a  while. 

Orlo  P.  Hebding,  Darien  Center,  N.  Y. 

Friend  Wants  One,  Too. 

Well  satisfied  with  the  Grinder.  It  cuts  as  fast 
as  you  claimed  it  would.  I  have  a  friend  of  mine 


who  does  repairing  and  he  was  well  pleased  with  it. 
He  wants  to  know  if  you  could  supply  him  with  the 
same  machine.  E.  J.  Morris,  Flushing,  N.  Y. 

Machine  Is  a  Wonder. 

The  machine  certainly  is  a  wonder  and  the  best 
I  have  ever  seen,  and  so  pronounced  by  others  who 
have  seen  it.  Chas.  D.  Snyder,  Saugerties.  N.  Y 


fcftARY. 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4127. 


NEW  YORK,  DECEMBER  2,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR. 


DIRECT  TRADE  IN  APPLES. 

The  Value  of  Advertising. 

One  of  our  readers  called  attention  to  the  follow¬ 
ing  advertisement  in  a  daily  paper:  ;• 


APPLES 

FROM  THE  FARM,  CHEAP. 

Buy  direct  and  save 

5  middle- 

men’s  profits.  Prices  per 

bushel  box,  delivered  to  your 

door  by  prepaid 

express  : 

No.  1 

No.  2 

Kings  ....... 

$1.85 

$1.25 

Other  Red  Kinds  .  . 

1.70 

1.10 

Greenings . 

1.50 

1.00 

On  approval  C.  O.  D. 

if  preferred. 

Compare  these  rates  with  store  prices. 

Please  order  AT  ONCE  if 

you  want  some. 

PINECLIFF 

FARM. 

“An  Honest  Pack.” 

This  farm  is  located  in  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.  Mr. 
Henry  H.  Albertson,  the  proprietor,  has  given  us 
the  facts  showing  the  result  of  this  advertising: 

“Our  first  attempt  to  sell  box  apples  direct  to  the 
consumer  was  made  about  seven  years  ago,  when  I 
put  an  advertisement  in  a  Philadelphia  paper  and 
secured  a  number  of  customers,  of  whom  many 
have  come  back  every  year,  usually  with  increasing 
orders.  At  first  we  packed  only  our  finest  King 
apples  in  boxes,  grading  two  or  three  barrels  to 
one  box,  for  which  we  have  received  an  average  of 
about  $3  per  box  express  prepaid,  and  one  year  as 
high  as  $4  per  box.  Our  next  advertising  was  done 
a  few  years  later  in  a  magazine  which  circulates 
over  the  entire  country.  The  replies  were  numerous, 
but  often  from  distances  too  great  to  make 
the  shipping  profitable,  some  going  as  far 
as  New  Mexico. 

“This  year  we  had  the  largest  crop  of 
apples  we  ever  had,  about  1,000  bushels, 
mostly  from  an  orchard  which  we  rent. 

We  packed  over  500  boxes  and  put  the 
rest,  mostly  Greenings,  in  barrels.  Some 
of  our  neighbors  shook  their  apples  off 
and  sold  them  to  the  evaporator  for  from 
40  to  50  cents  a  hundred-weight.  Rather) 
than  sell  at  the  low  market  prices  what  1 
our  old  customers  did  not  take,  we  maddj 
an  effort  to  get  new  customers  by  making' 
a  low  price  and  advertising  in  the  New 
York  papers.  We  had  small  advertise¬ 
ments  in  two  New  York  dailies  and  one  in 
Philadelphia.  To  old  and  new  family  cus¬ 
tomers  we  sold,  up  to  November  4,  380 
boxes  at  an  average  price  after  deducting 
freight  or  express  charges,  of  $1.16  per 
box.  They  were  divided  as  follows:  156 
boxes  Kings,  average  $1.78;  141  boxes 
Greenings,  $1.41;  46  boxes  Baldwins,  $1.46; 

37  boxes  other  kinds,  $1.55.  The  freight 
and  express  cost  an  average  of  42  cents 
a  box,  making  net  returns  that  much  less 
than  the  above  prices.  At  the  above  price 


spent  for  advertising  in  newspapers  and  by  circulars  If  it  goes  through  two  companies,  the  charge  seems 

about  $100.  This  should  not  be  charged  against  this  to  be  more  than  doubled.  One.  of  our  customers  had 

year's  crop,  however,  as  no  doubt  many  of  the  buyers  .  to  pay  50  cents  for  sending  less  than  two  dollars 

will  order  again  other  years.  It  takes  longer  to  pack  .  from  Brooklyn,  a  charge  of  over  25  per  cent.  It 

would  seem  to  me  that  three  cents  for  the  order  and 
two  cents  for  mailing  it  would  be  ample  charge,  no 
matter  how  many  companies  handle  the  package. 
They  are  paid  for  transportation  in  addition,  and  buf 
one  company  handles  the  money.  If  the  express  com-, 
primes  were  as  careful  not  to  overcharge  as  they  are 
not  to  undercharge,  their  services  would  be  better  ap¬ 
preciated.  . 

“We  have  not  aimed  to  solve  any  economic  prob- 
lems,  except  to  sell  our  apples  to  the  best  advantage. 
I-'oi  any  but  a  small  crop  there  might  not  be  time  to 
;  take  care  of  the  many  small  orders.  Although  we 
got  a  large  mail  for  a  few  days,  400  boxes  are  after 
all  not  very  many.  It  does  not  seem  that  the  amount 
sold  in  this  way  and  sent  direct  to  the  consumer  by 
express  will  materially  affect  the  commission  business. 
It  seems  to  me  to  be  more  of  individual  than  public 
interest.-  Most  people  either  want  to  see  what  they 
ge:  before  they  buy,  or  do  not  know  their  wants  long 
enough  ahead  to  order  from  a  distance.  The  store 
seems  inevitable;  but  the  road  to  it  is  a  little  cir¬ 
cuitous.  And  yet  there  must  be  many  more  persons 
who  would  buy  direct  from  the  grower  if  they  could 
be  sure  of  satisfactory  dealing,  and  had  their  atten- 
tion  called  to  the  advantages.  I  believe  that  the  inore_ 
growers  who  tried  this  mode  of  sale  with  honest  and 
efficient  service,  the  better  for  the  business.  For  a 
large  trade,  the  way  to  do  would  be  to  ship  by  freight 
to  a  storage  in  the  city  and  distribute  direct  from 
there.”  h.  h.  albertson. 

R.  N.-Y.— Our  own  experience  in  advertising  has 
been  quite  satisfactory  except  with  the  express  com¬ 
panies.  We  have  done  best  with  advertising  in  local 
papers  and  delivering  by  wagon.  Most  farmers  make 
a  mistake  in  supposing  that  they  will  do  better  in  dis¬ 
tant  towns.  Right  at  home  there  are  often  great  pos¬ 
sibilities  which  a  little  shrewd  advertising 
will  develop.  We  had  one  case  where  we 
sold  a  box  of  apples  to  a  man  living  some 
15  miles  away  in  a  straight  line.  Two  ex¬ 
press  companies  between  them  held  him  up 
for  70  cents. 


A  NINE-YEAR-OLD  McINTOSH  TREE.  Fio.  4(14. 

in  boxes  than  in  barrels,  and  the  labor  item  is  con¬ 
siderably  larger.  Three  boxes  and  paper  cost  a 
little  more  than  one  barrel.  There  is  also  a  large 
amount  of  correspondence  and  clerical  work  con- 


McINTOSH  APPLE  FROM  HOPE  FARM.  Fio.  465. 


the  Greenings  netted  us  nearly  three  dollars  per 
barrel  at  the  farm,  a  good  price  for  this  year.  We 
had  many  more  orders  for  most  kinds  than  we 
could  fill. 

“The  expenses  of  selling  were  considerable.  We 


nected  with  sending  to  so  many  different  people.  We 
have  had  very  few  criticisms  of  the  apples,  but  sev¬ 
eral  complaints  of  the  charges  made  by  the  express  com¬ 
panies.  We  sent  69  orders  C.  O.  D.,  and  on  the  return 
for  these  the  companies  charge  15  cents  for  remitting. 


WOOD  FOR  GREENHOUSE  HEATING. 

L.  G.,  page  1093,  asks  about  wood-burn¬ 
ing  heaters.  I  do  not  think  it  would  be 
possible  to  maintain  the  required  tempera¬ 
ture  in  the  greenhouse  where  wood  is  used 
for  fuel  in  an  ordinary  coal  heater.  The 
fire  pot  does  not  hold  a  sufficient  quantity 
of  wood.  If  L.  G.  starts  his  tomatoes  early 
(in  February  he  will  need  a  night  tempera¬ 
ture  of  at  least  60.  With  the  high  winds 
prevailing  through  February  and  March, 
and  a  small  fire  pot,  he  would  get  very 
little  rest  at  night  or  stormy  days.  We 
tried  our  wood  cut  in  two-foot  lengths,  but 
it  was  difficult  to  make  stowage,  and  as 
our  boiler  readily  takes  a  four-foot  stick 
we  abandoned  cutting  it.  One  night  in 
March,  when  the  wind  was  blowing  a  gale, 
I  left  our  boiler  at  midnight  with  plenty 
of  steam  and  a  50  temperature  in  the  green¬ 
house.  At  two  o’clock  I  found  the  ther¬ 
mometer  at  32  and  wood  all  burned  out.  In  my 
judgment  a  boiler  of  the  locomotive  type  with  a  fire¬ 
box  holding  four-foot  wood  is  the  only  kind  suitable, 
and  a  large  door  is  a  necessity,  f.  c.  c. 

Maine. 


1150 


GASOLINE  POWER  FOR  MOWERS. 

The  picture  shown  at  Fig.  468  was  sent  by  Mr.  J. 
S  Morrow,  of  Davidson  County,  Tenn.  The  mower 
is  a  six-foot  blade.  He  says : 

“The  motor  is  a  two-cylinder  eight  horse-power 
marine  motor,  sprockets,  chains,  etc.,  from  old  binders. 
With  motor  running  at  moderate  speed  mower  cuts  a 
little  faster  than  with  team.  In  very  hot  weather  it 
will  cut  much  more  than  a  team,  as  it  does  not  get  too 
hot.  Whole  outfit  cost  about  same  as  one  good  mule. 
My  13-year-old  boy  runs  this  machine.” 

We  asked  Mr.  Morrow  to  give  a  detailed  description 
of  this  outfit.  It  follows :  > 

“I  took  off  the  lid  of  tool  box  and  fitted  a  block  of 
wood  in  the  tool  box  so  as  to  bring  top  of  block 
level  with  bottom  of  mower  tongue;  drilled  a  hole 
through  this  block  and  the  bottom  of  tool  box  and 
bolted  on  another  tongue.  I  bolted  a  piece  of  timber 
under  front  ends  of  these  tongues  for  a  bolster  to 
work  on  front  axle.  Front  wheels  are  old  mower 
wheels,  smaller  than  rear  wheels.  I  then  bolted  a 
flat  box  on  each  of  the  tongues,  about  over  the  pit¬ 
man,  to  hold  a  shaft.  On  this  shaft,  between  the 
tongues  and  close  to  bearing  on  right  tongue,  is  a 
bevel  gear  which  is  turned  by  a  small  pinion.  This 
pinion  is  on  one  end  of  a  shaft  which  runs  forward 
between  tongues  to  motor.  A  cross  timber,  bolted  to 
the  tongues,  holds  a  flat  box  in  which  the  pinion 
shaft  runs.  On  the  end  of  the  shaft,  which  has  the 
large  bevel  gear,  is  a  sprocket.  This  sprocket  is  just 
outside  the  left  tongue  and  drives  a  larger  sprocket 
on  the  end  of  another  shaft  just  in  front  and  a 
little  above  the  first  mentioned  shaft.  On  the  other 
end  of  this  shaft  is  another  small  sprocket  which 
drives  a  larger  sprocket  bolted  to  the  right  mower 
wheel.  The  sprocket  bolted  to  mower  wheel  is  an  old 
wheat  binder  bull-wheel  sprocket,  and  the  large 
sprocket  on  upper  shaft  is  a  corn  binder  bull-wheel 
sprocket.  As  this  sprocket  has  no  hub  or  spoke  it  was 
necessary  to  bolt  a  piece  of  timber  on  shaft  and  then 
bolt  sprocket  to  this  timber.  The  two  small  sprockets 
on  ends  of  two  shafts  are  just  like  the  small  sprockets 
on  wheat  binders,  except  that  they  are  made  with 
two  more  teeth,  so  as  to  work  on  larger  shaft.  The 
chains  are  wheat  binder  chains.  The  steering  gear  is 
like  traction  engines  have,  a  chain  on  each  end  of 
front  axle.  These  chains  run  back  to  a  cross  shaft 
under  tongues.  This  shaft  has  a  small  bevel  gear  on 
it  just  inside  left  tongue,  and  is  turned  by  another 
bevel  gear  on  the  end  of  a  short  shaft  which  runs 
back  and  is  connected  to  steering  rod  by  a  universal 
joint.  The  bevel  gears,  universal  joints,  etc.,  were 
from  old  wheat  binders.  The  motor  is  a  two-cylinder 
eight  horse-power  and  is  reversible;  weighs  about  135 
pounds.  On  the  end  of  motor  crank  shaft  is  a  pulley, 
six  inches  in  diameter  and  three-inch  face.  This 
pulley  is  placed  on  shaft  so  that  hub  of  pulley  ex¬ 
tends  out  beyond  end  of  crank  shaft  one  inch.  The 
end  of  the  shaft,  which  has  on  the  other  end  the 
small  bevel  pinion  which  runs  the  large  bevel  gear, 
works  in  this  end  of  the  pulley  hub,  but  is  not  fas¬ 
tened  to  the  hub ;  the  hub  simply  makes  a  bearing  for 
the  shaft.  A  piece  of  timber  is  clamped  on  this  shaft 
almost  touching  the  pulley  on  end  of  crank  shaft,  and 
a  little  larger  than  pulley.  A  piece  of  three-inch  belt¬ 
ing  is  fastened  in  the  middle  to  a  bolt  in  one  end 
of  this  timber.  This  bolt  extends  out  over  the  face 
of  the  pulley  so  that  the  belt  is  held  just  right  to 
clamp  pulley  when  the  two  ends  of  belt  are  drawn 
together.  The  ends  of  belt  are  fastened  to  an  arm 
which  works  in  a  slot  in  the  other  end  of  timber.  The 
end  of  this  arm  is  moved  by  a  loose  collar  on  shaft 
and  is  arranged  so  that  the  driver  can  throw  clutch  out 
with  either  hand  or  foot.  When  in  gear  the  clutch  is 
held  by  a  spring.  The  right  mower  wheel  has  about 
two  inches  of  outside  end  of  hub  sawed  off  so  that 
another  mower  wheel  could  be  placed  on  axle  with 
rims  of  wheels  touching.  These  rims  were  then  bolted 
together,  making  a  wheel  double  the  ordinary  width 
of  tire,  giving  it  more  weight  and  a  better  grip  on 
the  ground.  Using  the  right  wheel  only  for  the  driv¬ 
ing  wheel  makes  the  gearing  much  simpler  than  if 
both  wheels  were  used  to  drive  the  machine  and  puts 
the  driving  power  just  about  the  middle  of  the  outfit 
when  it  is  cutting,  and  makes  it  easy  to  steer.  The 
driving  wheel  is  pinned  to  axle  and  all  lugs  and 
springs  in  hubs  of  wheels  are  removed  as  they  are 
not  needed.  Taking  out  these  lugs  and  springs  does 
away  with  one  of  the  worst  sources  of  trouble  con¬ 
nected  with  horse  mowers. 

“With  motor  running  at  a  moderate  rate  of  speed 
this  machine  cuts  a  little  faster  than  with  a  team.  In 
hot  weather  it  will  cut  much  more  than  a  team,  as 
it  does  not  have  to  stop  to  cool  off.  I  only  have  to 
feed  it  when  it  is  working.  My  13-year-old  boy  runs 
this  outfit,  and  although  he  never  drove  a  mower  be¬ 
fore  this  one,  he  does  much  cleaner,  better  cutting 
than  I  generally  get  done  with  man  and  team.  Some¬ 
time  he  lets  his  seven-vear-old  brother  run  it.  Two 
light  rods  run  from  motor  to  driver’s  seat ;  one  works 
timer,  the  other  the  throttle.”  j.  L.  morrow. 


the;  rural  nhW-yorker 


December  2, 


THE  GREAT  POULTRY  CONTEST. 

The  first  week  of  the  great  “egg  laying  contest”  at 
Storrs  College,  Conn.,  is  closed,  and  it  reveals  the 
fact  that  of  the  100  pens  only  22  produced  any  eggs. 
The  largest  number  from  any  pen  was  10,  laid  by  a 
pen  of  White  Leghorns  from  Toms  River,  N.  J.  Geo. 
H.  Schmitz,  of  Illinois,  came  second  with  nine  eggs; 
these  were  from  Buff  Leghorns.  There  are  31  pens 
of  White  Leghorns  entered ;  more  than  twice  as  many 
as  any  other  breed.  A  pen  of  this  breed  from  Cats- 
worth,  England,  laid  seven  eggs.  There  are  13  pens 
of  Barred  P.  Rocks.  None  of  these  laid,  except  one 
pen  which  laid  four  eggs.  Eight  pens  of  White 
Wyandottes  contributed  14  eggs.  Four  pens  of  Rose 
Comb  R.  I.  Reds  laid  11  eggs,  while  eight  pens  of 
Single  Comb  Reds  did  not  lay  an  egg.  There  are  23 
breeds  entered,  of  which  only  nine  breeds  laid  any 


the  Greeley  district  and  this  past  season  it  nearly 
ruined  the  crop.  In  studying  out  the  cause  for  this 
the  Colorado  people  do  not  seem  to  have  considered 
that  it  may  be  the  result  of  too  much  nitrogen  in  the 
soil.  In  the  Eastern  States  it  has  often  been  noticed 
that  a  large  excess  of  available  nitrogen  in  proportion 
to  other  plant  food  will  drive  the  potato  plant  into  a 
quick,  tender  growth,  in  which  condition  it  falls  an 
easy  prey  to  blight  when  the  conditions  are  favorable. 
Now  this  Colorado  soil  is  full  of  the  roots  and  stubble 
of  Alfalfa — both  rich  in  nitrogen.  During  the  heat 
of  Summer  warm  water  from  the  irrigation  ditch  is 
run  into  this  soil — giving  just  the  condition  favorable 
for  a  rapid  decay  of  the  Alfalfa.  This  means  the  for¬ 
mation  of  large  quantities  of  available  nitrogen,  just 
the  condition  which  would  force  crops  on  our  East¬ 
ern  soil  into  a  quick,  tender  growth.  It  is  also  just 
at  the  time  when  blight  would  be  most  likely  to 
spread.  A  partial  remedy  with  us  would  be  the  use 
of  potash  and  phosphoric  acid  as  chemical  fertilizers. 
This  gives  a  “balance”  and  usually  produces  a 
stronger  and  more  resistant  plant.  Colorado  farmers 
may  smile  at  the  suggestion  that  their  soil  needs 
chemicals — only  46  years  from  the  raw  prairie — yet  if 
they  continue  to  use  Alfalfa  for  potatoes  we  believe 
they  will  be  obliged  to  add  the  minerals.  It  is  but 
fair  to  say  that  the  Colorado  scientists  do  not  believe 
that  this  theory  is  sound.  They  say  that  the  disease 
also  appears  on  raw  soils  which  are  deficient  in  nitro¬ 
gen.  In  the  East,  where  fertilizers  are  freely  used, 
and  where  the  subject  has  long  been  studied,  we 
should  expect  just  the  conditions  mentioned  above. 


ORE  OF  THE  “CONTEST”  HOUSES.  Fig.  406. 


eggs  this  first  week.  One  pullet  laid  six  eggs  in  the 
seven  days,  three  pullets  laid  five  eggs  each. 

This  contest  is  going  to  be  decidedly  interesting.  It 
is  attracting  a  great  deal  of  attention,  especially  in 
the  Eastern  States.  The  list  of  prizes  is  steadily 
growing.  It  would  take  nearly  a  page  of  The  R. 
N.-Y.  to  enumerate  the  premiums  already  offered.  The 
Philadelphia  North  American,  which  is  financing  the 
contest,  offers  a  $100  silver  cup  for  the  pen  laying 
the  largest  number  of  eggs,  also  another  $100  silver 
cup  for  the  individual  hen  laying  the  greatest  number. 
The  American  Poultry  Journal  offers  a  $100  silver  cup 
for  the  best  laying  pen,  and  $50  worth  of  advertising 
space  for  second  best.  Cash  prizes  to  amount  of  sev¬ 
eral  hundred  dollars  are  also  offered.  Col.  Chas.  M. 


PECULIARITIES  OF  THE  McINTOSH  APPLE. 

The  pictures  on  our  first  page  show  a  fair  sample 
of  McIntosh  or  McIntosh  Red  apple,  as  grown  at 
Hope  Farm,  and  also  the  picture  of  a  nine-year-old 
tree  of  the  variety.  With  us  this  apple  promises  to 
be  one  of  the  most  profitable  we  can  raise,  yet  we 
should  hesitate  to  advise  general  planting  of  the 
tree.  It  seems  to  be  a  variety  quite  peculiar  in  its 
needs  as  regards  soil  and  situation.  Less  than  a  mile 
away  on  the  same  ridge  upon  which  our  farm  is  lo¬ 
cated,  this  variety  is  not  satisfactory,  and  is  ranked 
as  inferior  to  several  other  well-known  varieties. 
Our  reports  seem  to  indicate  much  this  same  thing 
with  regard  to  McIntosh.  Some  growers  praise  it 
highly  as  a  market  apple,  while  others,  often  in  the 


Jar  vis,  president  of  the  Connecticut  Agricultural  So¬ 
ciety,  offers  a  silver  cup  for  the  Connecticut  pen 
showing  most  profit  above  feed  cost.  Prof.  Stoneburn 
offers  a  silver  cup  for  the  best  Connecticut  pen.  Judge 
Card  offers  a  silver  cup  for  the  best  pen  of  Connecti¬ 
cut  R.  I.  Reds.  Silver  and  bronze  medals  will  be  given 
each  month  to  the  pens  laying  first,  second  and  third 
largest  number  for  the  month.  Many  other  silver 
cups,  gold  pieces,  incubators,  wire  fencing,  foods,  etc., 
are  offered. 

The  value  of  the  poultry  industry  has  increased  in 
this  State  over  53  per  cent  in  the  last  10  years,  and 
without  doubt  this  contest  will  stimulate  a'greatly  in- 
ci  eased  interest.  For  the  first  time  there  is  an  oppor¬ 
tunity  to  compare  not  only  the  number  of  eggs  pro¬ 


same  latitude,  are  disappointed  with  its  behavior. 
This,  however,  is  true  of  most  varieties,  except  a 
few  standards,  like  Baldwin,  Ben  Davis,  York  Im¬ 
perial,  or  Northern  Spy. 

With  us  the  McIntosh  ripens  about  the  middle  of 
September,  and  should  be  ranked  as  an  early  Fall  or 
late  Summer  apple.  It  would  hardly  pay  in  our  lo¬ 
cality  as  a  fruit  to  sell  directly  from  the  tree,  as  it 
would  come  into  competition  with  a  host  of  other 
kinds.  Its  great  value  will  result  by  putting  it  into 
storage  at  just  the  right  time,  and  holding  it  for  the 
Christmas  market. 

We  regard  it  as  one  of  the  best  eating  apples  we 
have  ever  tried.  In  sod  culture  with  us  it  develops 
a  dark  red  color,  with  good  size,  high  flavor,  and  a 
fragrance  which  is  like  a  bouquet  of  flowers.  As  we 
grow  it  it  is  larger,  and  we  think  finer  flavored,  than 
its  parent,  Fameuse.  It  is  an  early  bearer.  The  nine- 


GENERAL  VIEW  OF  THE  POULTRY  CONTEST  PLANT.  Fig.  467. 


duced  by  different  breeds  under  precisely  similar  con¬ 
ditions  of  housing,  food,  etc.,  but  also  the  value  of  the 
eggs,  the  different  production  of  certain  strains  of  the 
same  breed,  cost  of  food,  as  compared  to  value  of 
output,  and  many  other  things  which  will  add  to  our 
present  knowledge  of  the  poultry  industry. 

GEO.  A.  COSGROVE. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  two  pictures  illustrate  this  contest. 

Fig.  467  shows  a  general  view  of  the  field  and  the 
way  the  houses  are  grouped,  while  Fig.  466  shows  a 
single  two-part  house  in  which  the  hens  are  kept. 


ALFALFA  AND  POTATOES. 

Greeley,  Colorado,  is  famous  for  its  potato  crop. 
Over  35,000  acres  are  planted  annually,  and  the  qual¬ 
ity  is  very  superior.  As  irrigation  is  practiced  there 
can  be  no  trouble  from  drought,  and  as  the  potatoes 
follow  Alfalfa  the  soil  is  open  and  mellow.  It  was 
long  claimed  that  Colorado  need  not  fear  either  blight 
or  bugs,  yet  for  some  years  blight  has  appeared  in 


year-old  tree  shown  in  Fig.  464  gave  nearly  half  a 
barrel  of  fruit  this  year,  and  began  bearing  six  years 
from  planting.  We  find  the  tree  healthy  and  a  strong 
growei*.  As  will  be  seen,  the  top  is  broad  and  thick, 
and  we  should  not  recommend  McIntosh  as  a  “filler” 
on  account  of  this  vigorous  growth.  Such  a  tree  as 
Wealthy,  which  makes  a  smaller  and  less  spreading 
head,  would  be  far  better  to  use  as  a  filler.  We  are 
planning  to  plant  quite  heavily  of  McL  .  h,  after 
watching  our  young  trees  come  into  bearing,  as  we 
are  convinced  that,  if  one  is  able  to  pick  the  fruit  at 
just  the  right  time  and  hold  it  in  storage,  McIntosh 
will  prove  a  profitable  variety.  As  stated  above,  how¬ 
ever,  we  would  not  advise  the  general  planting  of 
McIntosh  in  any  locality,  without  first  watching  the 
development  of  a  few  trees.  When  it  finds  a  con¬ 
genial  place,  the  apple  is  excellent ;  out  of  place,  it 
would  not  be  satisfactory  at  all.  As  stated,  our  judg¬ 
ment  is  that  McIntosh  is  one  of  the  varieties  of 
apples  peculiarly  adapted  to  the  sod  method  of  cul¬ 
ture.  The  fruit  is  certainly  darker  colored,  and  we 
think  finer  flavored,  when  grown  in  sod  and  mulched. 
This  can  be  said  of  several  varieties  of  fruit,  while 
without  question,  certain  other  varieties  do  better 
under  high  culture. 


1911. 

ANGORA  GOATS  OR  SHEEP. 

Will  you  tell  me  what  you  think  of  Angora  goats  as  a 
means  of  clearing  land?  I  have  a  good  many  acres  of 
land  that  was  burned  over  some  years  ago,  and  the 
timber  is  all  gone,  but  there  is  a  great  deal  of  briars  and 
young  cherries  growing  up.  w.  J.  b. 

Allen’s  Mills,  I’a. 

The  foregoing  question  is  the  one  I  hear  asked 
the  most  frequently  about  Angora  goats.  It  also 
brings  to  mind  others  that  are  forever  coming  up  in 
connection  with  them.  Do  they  compare  favorably 
with  sheep  for  wool,  mutton,  and  the  improvement  of 
land  ?  Are  they  easily  cared  for,  indeed,  able  to  take 
care  of  themselves  as  we  are  sometimes 
led  to  believe?  To  come  to  the  point,  can 
they  be  reckoned  profitable  farm  ani¬ 
mals  ?  At  the  start  we  may  be  assured 
of  one  thing,  and  that  is,  there  is  no  hid¬ 
den  fortune  for  a  lazy  or  otherwise  much 
employed  man  in  the  combination  of  a 
flock  of  purebred  Angoras  and  a  few 
acres  of  underbrush  and  weeds.  Genuine 
purebred  Angoras  cannot  be  bought  at 
low  enough  prices  or  in  sufficient  num¬ 
bers  to  clear  up  brush  lands  for  the 
average  farmer.  Neither  are  they  fitted 
for  roughing  it  if  they  are  to  be  used  as 
breeders  and  kept  at  a  profit.  Grade 
Angoras  will  do  the  work  better,  are 
hardier,  and  can  be  got  at  reasonable 
figures,  but  hardly  pay  on  a  cleared  farm, 
certainly  not  when  compared  to  sheep.  I 
should  say  that  if  W.  J.  B.  had  a  large 
area  of  the  burned-over  land  described, 
and  it  is  well  drained,  it  might  pay  him 
to  pick  up  a  bunch  of  goats  and  set  them 
to  work.  They  will  clean  things  up  all 
right,  even  to  poison  ivy  and  briars,  and 
make  almost  a  park  out  of  a  regular 
jungle.  Grass  will  also  set  quicker  after 
them  as  in  the  case  of  sheep.  Two 
things  must  be  looked  out  for,  that  the 
ground  is  not  low  and  swampy  and  that 
there  are  not  too  many  goats  to  the  acre. 

Better  give  them  more  range  and  wait  a 
little  longer  for  them  to  do  their  work. 

After  all  their  use  is  a  matter  of  labor — • 
whether  it  is  cheaper  to  buy  goats,  have 
them  do  the  work,  and  then  sell  them 
for  what  they  will  bring,  or  hire  men 
and  horses  to  do  it.  The  point  in  their 
favor  is  that  you  can  often  get  goats, 
but  not  so  often  men.  It  is  not  easy  to 
raise  the  kids  under  such  conditions,  and 
the  owner  will  do  well  if  he  manages  to 
keep  up  his  flock,  let  alone  any  excess. 

They  have  been  found  especially  valu¬ 
able  in  this  State  and  in  West  Virginia 
for  clearing  the  steep  mountain  sides  for 
apple  and  peach  orchards. 

On  farms,  however,  with  only  small 
fields  to  clear  up,  I  believe  sheep  if 
handled  right  will  do  well  enough  and 
still  leave  the  farmer  something  of  value 
on  a  cleared  farm  when  the  brush  and 
weeds  are  conquered.  My  method  is  to 
fence  in  an  acre  or  two  and  turn  in  a 
good-sized  bunch  of  sheep — 30  or  so — 
for  a  few  days.  They  seem  to  relish  the 
change  and  although  they  are  not  as 
great  climbers  as  goats  or  as  careless 
about  what  they  eat,  still  once  hungry 
they  strip  pretty  much  everything  that 
is  green  and  within  reach.  I  would  state 
here  that  laurel  is  quite  as  dangerous  for 
goats  as  for  sheep,  and  that  they  are 
quite  as  likely  to  suffer  from  the  same 
diseases ;  the  purer  the  blood  the  more 
likely  is  sickness  to  get  a  hold  among 
them.  Purebred  Angoras  are  in  the 

same  class  with  purebred  sheep  when  it 
comes  to  buying  and  breeding  them,  high 
in  price  and  a  little  too,  valuable  for  the 
average  farmer  who  cannot  give  them 
especial  attention.  Indeed,  when  it  comes 
to  handling  a  flock  of  purebred  Angoras 
on  your  farm,  if  you  have  not  found  the  raising  of 
Wintc.  iambs  or  the  breeding  of  improved  stock 
strenuous  and  exacting  enough,  you  may  well  turn 
your  attention  to  these  beautiful  but  delicate  animals. 
If  you  succeed  with  them  and  make  a  good  profit 
on  the  outlay  for  labor  and  shelter  in  rearing  the 
kids,  you  can  well  afford  to  shake  hands  with  your¬ 
self.  They  suffer  more  severely  from  neglect  or  ex¬ 
posure  than  sheep,  and  when  it  comes  to  raising  the 
young,  the  advantage  is  all  with  the  latter.  Unless 
the  weather  is  very  cold  or  the  mother  false,  I  con¬ 
sider  a  lamb  that  once  gets  on  its  feet  and  begins  to 
suck  a  pretty  safe  proposition.  There  is,  of  course, 
danger  from  chilling  or  lack  of  food,  but  with' 


THE  RURAL  NEW-VORKER 

Angora  kids  tht  troubles  are  far  more  numerous. 
They  succumb  more  easily  than  lambs,  and  seem  for 
a  long  time  especially  tender,  even  those  born  bright 
and  full  of  life  and  motion.  It  is  much  safer,  in  fact 
necessary,  to  keep  them  up  for  some  weeks  while 
their  mothers  are  on  the  range,  while  lambs  run  with 
their  mothers  from  birth  if  necessary.  There  is  a 
steady  demand  for  good  breeding  stock  at  good 
prices,  but  whether  they  are  high  enough  to  pay  for 
the  trouble  and  losses  only  the  individual  breeder 
can  tell. 

When  we  come  to  marketing  the  meat,  sheep  have 


the  preference,  and  there  is  always  a  demand  for 
lambs  at  six  and  seven  cents  a  pound  and  up  to  20 
cents  for  the  earliest.  Against  all  goat  meat  there  is 
more  or  less  of  a  prejudice,  and  just  as  old  sheep  are 
usually  hard  to  sell,  old  goats  are  just  about  as  hard 
to  give  away.  Kid  meat  is  undoubtedly  tender  and 
with  possibly  as  good  a  savor  as  venison,  but  it  does 
the  grower  about  as  much  good  as  it  does  a  squab 
raiser  to  know  that  his  birds  are  equal  to  quail.  He 
cannot  get  anything  but  kid  and  squab  prices,  and  its 
not  much  comfort  to  him  to  imagine  that  the  middle¬ 
man  may  be  getting  the  benefit  of  the  doubt.  It 
surely  is  strange  what  a  little  cold  storage  and  a 
faulty  memory  will  do  in  the  way  of  putting  a  wild 


1161 

and  costly  flavor  to  such  an  honest  domestic  product. 

As  for  wool  against  mohair,  there  seems  to  be  a 
greater  range  of  grades  in  the  mohair  according  to 
the  amount  of  Angora  blood,  anywhere  from  seven 
or  eight  cents  to  30  and  40  cents  a  pound,  the  average 
weight  being  three  pounds  to  the  goat,  or  anywhere 
from  a  quarter  up  to  $1.20,  and  it  is  a  poor  sheep 
that  does  not  shear  over  a  dollar  to  a  dollar  and  a 
half  with  prices  ranging  from  15  to  30  cents,  as  they 
have  in  the  past  three  years.  Further,  added  to  $3  to 
$5  for  a  lamb  a  year,  we  find  the  ewe  paying  well  on 
an  investment  of  $6  to  $8  and  quite  capable  of  doing 
a  good  bit  of  clearing  of  land  as  well  as 
of  profit.  I  would  say  that  if  a  man  has 
the  money  to  put  into  a  good  flock  of  An¬ 
goras  and  buildings  for  their  best  care 
and  is  doing  it  for  cash  profit,  he  would 
better  try  sheep  first.  If  he  is  just  after 
clearing  land,  his  labor  situation  will  an¬ 
swer  the  question  for  him,  and  he  can 
probably  get  a  grade  flock  at  reasonable 
prices  of  someone  who  has  finished  clear¬ 
ing.  Among  the  fruit  growers  of  Mary¬ 
land,  E.  P.  Cohill,  Washington  Co.,  Md., 
has  been  active  in  promoting  the  use  of 
Angora  stock  in  this  regard,  and  could 
probably  locate  a  flock  that  would  an¬ 
swer  for  W.  J.  B.  r.  b. 

HONORABLE  TREE  AGENT  TALKS. 

For  some  time  I  have  read  your  ar¬ 
ticles  about  the  fruit  tree  agents.  In 
your  issue  of  November  11  you  invite 
the  honorable  agents  to  give  their  side.  I 
have  sold  fruit  trees  for  a  number  of 
years,  right  here  in  the  community  where 
I  live,  always  as  an  agent,  never  as  a 
dealer,  and  have  as  yet  to  have  one  dis¬ 
satisfied  customer.  The  guarantee  of  a 
good  nursery  is  back  of  every  tree  I  sell. 
This  firm  sells  its  stock  at  fair  prices. 
They  pay  me  a  fair  commission  on  my 
sales,  and  in  nearly  every  instance  the 
sales  I  have  made  are  because  of  my 
soliciting;  and  many  of  our  farmers  and 
town  people  are  raising  their  own  fruit, 
where,  but  for  my  efforts,  they  would  be 
buying  from  wagons  or  doing  without. 

As  to  their  buying  cheaper,  I  know 
mail  order  houses  Selling  through  cata¬ 
logues  or  advertising,  in  nearly  every 
case  the  purchaser  pays  his  money  in 
advance,  pays  the  freight  and  takes  the 
stock,  no  matter  what  it  is  nor  in  what 
condition.  He  has  paid  his  money  and 
takes  what  he  gets.  In  my  transactions, 
my  firm  delivers  the  goods  in  first-class 
condition.  They  can  be  inspected  by 
purchaser,  and  if  not  up  to  specification, 
or  in  bad  condition,  he  is  not  bound  to 
take  them. 

I  think  some  of  those  selling  nursery 
stock  need  all  the  condemnation  you  can 
give.  As  an  illustration,  the  man  who 
goes  around  getting  orders,  then  goes  to 
some  small  grower,  and  takes  cull  stock, 
labels  it  to  suit  his  order,  and  usually  at 
prices  as  high  as  or  higher  than  first- 
class  nursery  companies  charge.  This  is 
an  age  of  the  salesman,  and  I  don’t  know 
why  an  honest  man  has  not  as  honorable 
a  job  selling  nursery  stock  for  an  up-to- 
date  nursery  firm  as  he  would  selling 
farm  machinery,  boots  and  shoes,  grocer¬ 
ies,  dry  goods,  etc.  Your  contention  is 
that  the  grower  can  buy  cheaper  by  buy¬ 
ing  direct,  but  all  things  considered  why 
is  it  so  in  nursery  stock,  any  more  than 
in  other  lines?  The  merchant  buys  most 
of  his  goods  from  the  salesman.  He 
could  buy  direct,  yet  the  bulk  of  trade  is 
bought  through  the  drummer.  I  think 
you  are  a  little  twisted  when  you  say: 
“The  grower  gets  about  six  cents  for 
cherry,  and  10  cents  for  apple."  Did  you 
ever  know  a  good  nursery  company  to  sell  cherry 
for  less  than  apple?  I  would  like  to  see  what  a  cherry 
at  six  cents  looks  like.  It  would  probably  come 

through  the  mail  in  an  envelope. 

I  sell  apples  by  the  100  for  $20’;  pears,  per  100,  $30 ; 
plums,  per  100,  $30;  cherries,  $35;  peaches,  $9,  and 
do  not  feel  I  am  robbing  anyone,  nor  getting  more 
than  first-class  stock,  true  to  name,  and  delivered  in 
first-class  condition,  grown  and  guaranteed  by  a  re¬ 
sponsible,  reputable  firm,  is  worth.  g.  h.  ray. 

Ohio. 

R.  N.-Y. — Every  honorable  tree  agent  or  nursery 
firm  that  we  have  met  has  denounced  the  fakes  and 
frauds  who  have  discredited  the  trade.  ’We  are  glad 
to  let  it  be  known  that  there  are  honorable  men  in 
the  business  and  if  they  can  prove  that  they  offer 
our  readers  superior  bargains  we  want  them  to  do  so. 


A  MOWING  MACHINE  WITH  GASOLINE  POWER.  Fig.  468. 


TWO  IMPROVED  CHESTNUTS  FROM  OHIO.  Fig.  469. 


A  COUPLE  OF  NEW  JERSEY  LAMBS  Fig.  470. 


THE  HUI 


N  EW-YOKKER 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[  Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
name  and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure 
attention.  Before  ashing  a  question,  please  see 
whether  it  is  not  answered  in  our  advertising 
columns.  Ask  only  a  few  questions  at  one  time. 
Put  questions  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper.? 

Shade  Tree  and  Lightning. 

W.  M.  B.,  l)e  Ruyter,  A.  Y. — We  have  a 
maple  shade  tree  we  value  highly  that  has 
been  blistered  on  the  south  side  from  the 
ground  up  to  the  first  limbs  about  one- 
third  of  the  circumference;  bark  is  gone, 
wood  is  dry  but  sound.  That  side  ripens 
sooner  and  leaves  fall  in  early  Fall.  This 
has  been  going  on  for  two  years.  Can 
you  give  any  treatment  that  would  save 
the  tree?  The  edges  of  the  bark  have 
tried  to  grow  •  over.  We  think  the  tree 
was  shocked  by  lightning. 

Ans. — It  is  probably  true  that  light¬ 
ning  struck  this  tree,  as  the  inquirer 
suspects.  One  side  of  the  trunk  may 
have  been  more  moist  than  the  other  at 
the  time  and  thus  it  afforded  a  better 
conductor  for  the  current.  As  a  re¬ 
sult  the  bark  was  loosened  and  blistered 
on  only  one-third  of  the  trunk  of  the 
tree  when  the  bolt  passed  through. 
Lightning,  as  we  all  know,  plays  havoc 
with  some  of  our  finest  and  most  highly 
prized  trees,  often  killmg  them  out¬ 
right,  and  often  leaving  them  in  such 
a  weakened  condition  that  they  do  not 
long  survive  the  shock.  When  they  get 
hit  hard,  there  is  little  we  can  do,  even 
if  they  do  seem  to  hold  on  for  awhile. 
In  this  case,  however,  it  would  be  well 
to  remove  all  the  loose  bark  and  paint 
the  exposed  wood  so  as  to  prevent  rot¬ 
ting.  Continue  to  do  this  from  time 
to  time  while  the  bark  is  growing  over 
the  bare  section.  It  is  only  natural  that 
the  side  which  received  the  shock  would 
ripen  earlier  on  account  of  its  weak¬ 
ened  condition.  Anything  that  can  be 
done  in  the  way  of  fertilizing,  or  water¬ 
ing  the  tree  during  dry  spells  will  help 
it.  By  keeping  up  its  vitality  in  this 
manner,  nature  may  effect  a  complete 
cure.  _  m.  K. 

Trademark  On  Nursery  Stock. 

E.  V.  F.,  Liberty ,  N.  Y. — I  notice  some  of 
the  nurseries  are  offering  nursery  stock  with 
a  “trade  mark”  on  it.  What  protection 
does  the  trade  mark  give  the  nursery,  and 
what  restriction  docs  it  place  on  the  buyer? 
Does  the  trademark  prevent  the  buyer  from 
propagating  or  selling  such  stock? 

Ans.'*— A  trademark  is  intended  to 
protect  the  party  holding  it  in  the  ex¬ 
clusive  right  to  sell  the  article  on  which 
it  is  placed.  In  the  nursery  business  it 
is  supposed  that  only  the  particular  nur¬ 
sery  that  has  trade  marked  varieties  can 
sell  them  under  that  name,  and  although 
I  do  not  know  of  any  test  case  of  this 
kind  I  suppose  the  government  would 
be  behind  the  guaranty  of  the  trade 
mark.  However,  I  do  not  think  this 
would  prevent  anyone  who  had  any  of 
this  trade  marked  varieties  from  propa¬ 
gating  them  and  using  them.  It  prob¬ 
ably  would  prevent  advertising  and  sell¬ 
ing  the  trees  or  plants  by  anyone  not 
having  secured  the  privilege  to  do  so. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


New  Plant  Immigrants. 

Among  specimens  recently  noted  by  the 
Bureau  of  Plant  Introduction  are  seeds  of 
the  Japanese  lacquer  tree,  Rhus  vernicifera, 
which  is  thus  described :  “A  slender- 
branched  tree  with  winged  leaves,  attain¬ 
ing  a  height  of  20  feet.  It  is  common 
throughout  Japan,  and  is  cultivated  for  its 
sap,  which  flows  from  its  stem  and 
branches  on  being  wounded.  It  is  first 
cream  colored,  but  on  exposure  to  the  air 
soon  turns  black,  and  is 'the  varnish  which 
the  Japanese  use  for  lacquering  their  furni¬ 
ture  or  ornamental  articles.”  Another 
writer  on  Japanese  industries  says  that: 
“The  varnish  or  lacquer  is  valuable  be¬ 
cause  of  its  great  hardness  without  brittle¬ 
ness  or  becoming  cracked ;  its  high  lustre 
and  mirror-like  surface  which  remains  un¬ 
tarnished  for  centuries;  its  resistance  to 
the  agencies  which  attack  resinous  var¬ 
nishes  as  it  it  is  not  injured  by  boiling 
water,  hot  ashes,  hot  alcoholic  liquors, 
acids,  etc.”  This  lacquer  dries  better  in 
moist  than  in  dry  air,  differing  in  this 
respect  from  ordinary  paints,  this  peculiar¬ 
ity  being  due  to  a  chemical  reaction.  The 
lacquer  tree  belongs  to  the  same  family 
as  our  poison  ivy,  and  its  volatile  sap 
causes  painful  poisoning  to  susceptible  per¬ 
sons.  _  , 

A  variety  of  apple  from  New  Zealand, 
Mains  sylvestris,  is  said  to  be  resistant  to 
woolly  aphis.  Mr.  W.  C.  Berridge,  manager 
Tauranga  Experimental  Farm,  Department 
of  Agriculture,  Commerce  and  Tourists, 
says :  “These  are  cuttings  of  aphis  resist¬ 
ant  or  aphis-proof  apples.  Most  of  the  va¬ 
rieties  have  been  proved  to  be  proof  against 
the  ravages  of  the  woolly  aphis,  but  sev¬ 
eral  have  not  vet  been  fully  proved  to  be 
absolutely  proof  against  it.”  Nothing  is 
said  in  the  bulletin  regarding  the  quality 
of  the  fruit,  but  a  resistant  stock  would 
be  of  great  value.  Seeds  have  been  re¬ 
ceived  of  wild  apples  from  southern  Si¬ 
beria.  One,  “said  to  grow  in  gardens 
around  Saissansk,  apparently  seedlings  from 
the  wild  apples,  occurring  in  the  moun¬ 
tains,”  the  other  “a  small  apple  of  bright 
red  color  and  possessing  a  most  excellent 
flavor.  Said  to  grow  sparingly  near  Sais¬ 
sansk,  and  apparently  an  improved  variety 
of  Malus  baccata  or  perhaps  a  hybrid.  Is 
locally  sold  dried  as  a  sweetmeat  and 
for  compote  and  a  preserve  material.” 
Other  wild  apples  were  collected  in  Chinese 
Turkestan.  Mr.  Mover,  the  collector,  says: 

'  Very  hardv  wild  apples,  collected  in  semi- 
arid  mountains  at  altitudes  between  5.000 
and  6,000  feet.  The  trees  growing  at  4,500 


feet  were  in  bloom  at  the  time  of  visit 
(April  20),  but  those  at  altitudes  between 
5,500  and  6.000  feet  were  perfectly  dor¬ 
mant  yet.”  These  will  all  be  distributed 
later  to  persons  who  can  make  use  of  the 
material. 

A  persimmon  from  the  Botanic  Garden 
at  Sibpur,  near  Calcutta,  India,  Diospyros 
peregrina,  is  thus  described  :  “A  dense  ever¬ 
green  tree  found  throughout  the  greater 
part  of  India  in  shady,  wet  places  and  near 
streams.  It  is  frequently  cultivated  both 
for  ornament  and  for  its  large,  red,  vel- 
vetv  fruits.  The  fruit  is  beaten  in  a 
large  mortar  and  the  juice  expressed.  This 
is  boiled,  mixed  with  powdered  charcoal 
and  applied  once  a  year  to  the  outside  of 
the  planks  of  boats.  The  half-ripe  fruits 
are  pounded  in  a  mortar  and  then  kept  six 
or  seven  days  in  water  until  they  have 
decomposed.  A  gummy  solution  results, 
which  is  poured  off.  This  brownish  liquid 
is  used  in  dyeing  and  tanning.” 

A  species  of  pineapple  from  Paraguay, 
the  ivirfi,  does  not  sound  very  delectable, 
as  it  is  so  intensely  sour  that  eating  the 
crude  fruit  will  make  the  lips  bleed  and 
set  the  teeth  on  edge ;  however,  the  leaf 
produces  fiber  which  is  used  both  for  ropes 
and  for  clothing. 

A  perennial  herb  of  the  carrot  family  is 
Arracacia  xanthorrhiza,  sent  to  the  Bu¬ 
reau  from  the  Republic  of  Panama.  It  is 
described  as  attaining  a  height  of  two  or 
three  feet.  It  has  divided  leaves  like  the 
carrot,  and  small  umbels  of  purple  flowers, 
and  has  large  fleshy  roots,  which  form  an 
important  article  of  food  in  South  and  Cen-. 
tral  America.  It  is  said  that  this  is  prob¬ 
ably  best  adapted  to  culture  in  the  South¬ 
ern  States,  as  it  is  slow  in  maturing,  but 
it  is  worth  trial  by  amateurs. 

The  American  Consul  at  Fuerto  Cortes. 
Mr.  Dawson,  in  sending  in  a  quantity  of 
the  “guano  palm,”  probably  Ochroma 
lagopus.  for  test  as  to  the  value  of  its 
sawdust  as  f.  light-weight  packing  material 
for  fruit  instead  of  redwood  sawdust,  calls 
attention  to  the  fact  that  “there  are  two 
grades  of  the  wood,  the  first  and  second 
growth,  the  first  being  hard  and  coarse¬ 
grained,  and  therefore  less  suitable  for 
making  life- rafts,  belts,  etc.,  for  which  it 
is  at  present  mostly  \ised.  The  second 
growth  is  easier  to  market,  but  owing  to 
small  size — seldom  over  six  or  eight  inches 
in  diameter — proves  unprofitable  unless  con¬ 
tracted  for  in  large  quantities  or  shipped 
under  solid  contents  measurement.  This 
measure  is  preferable,  and  with  an  order 
for  500,000  feet  in  hand,  it  could  be  de¬ 
livered  at  the  mouth  of  rivers  at  $10  U.  S. 
per  thousand.  The  stumpage  of  the  tree  is 
estimated  at  several  million  feet.” 


Coming  Farmers’  Meetings. 

National  Apple  Show,  Spokane,  Wash., 
November  27-80. 

Winter  Short  Courses.  Cornell  Univetsity, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  November  2S-February  23. 

Federation  of  Agricultural  Associations, 
Keyser,  W.  Va.,  November  27-December  1. 

Conn.  Bee-Keepers’  Convention,  Bridge¬ 
port,  Conn.,  December  1. 

N.  Y.  State  Fruit  Growers’  Ass’n.  Ro¬ 
chester,  N.  Y.,  December  3-5. 

American  Association  of  Fairs,  Chicago, 
111.,  December  4. 

National  Irrigation  Congress  —  Chicago, 
December  5-9. 

Inventors’  Exposition,  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 

December  5-9. 

N.  Y.  State  Dairymen’s  Ass'n,  Olean, 
December  12-13. 

New  Jersey  Horticultural  Society,  Free¬ 
hold.  December  12-13. 

Illinois  Agricultural  Society,  LTbana,  Ill., 
December  12-14. 

Maine  Live  Stock  Breeders’  Association, 
Orono,  December  14-15. 

Eastern  Fruit  Growers’  Ass’n,  Raleigh 
Hotel,  Washington.  1).  C.,  December  12. 

National  Mid-Winter  Sheep  Show — 
Omaha,  Neb.,  December  13-16. 

Farmers’  Week,  Kingston,  R.  I.,  Decem¬ 
ber  25-30. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Burlington,  Vt., 
December  26-February  24. 

State  Farmers’  Institute,  Manhattan,  Kan¬ 
sas,  December  26-30. 

Farmers’  Week.  New  Brunswick,  N.  J., 
December  25-.Tanuary  1. 

Farmers’  Week,  State  College,  Pa.,  De¬ 
cember  27-January  3. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Ames,  Iowa.  Jan¬ 
uary  2-13. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Columbus,  O.,  Jan¬ 
uary  2-Februar.v  23. 

Farmers’  Short  Course.  Durham,  N.  II., 
January  4 -March  8. 

Farmers’  Week,  Purdue  University,  La¬ 
fayette,  Indiana,  January  8-13. 

Farmers'  Week,  College  Park,  Md.,  Janu¬ 
ary  8-15. 

Corn  Growers’  and  Stockmen’s  Conven¬ 
tion,  Urbana,  111.,  January  15-27. 

Live  Stock  Week,  East  Lansing,  Mich., 
January  16-18. 

Connecticut  Dairymen’s  Ass’n,  Unity  Hall, 
Hartford.  January  17-18. 

Conventions,  Pennsylvania  Live  Stock  and 
Horticultural  Associations,  Duquesne  Gar¬ 
den,  Pittsburgh,  January  15-20. 

Livingston  County,  N.  Y.,  Poultry  Show, 
January  16-19. 

School  for  Housekeepers,  Urbana,  Ill., 
January  15-27. 

N.  J.  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  Janu¬ 
ary  17-19. 

Farmers’  Week.  Canton.  N.  Y.,  School  of 
Agriculture,  January  22-27. 

Alabama  Horticultural  Society,  Jasper, 
Ala.,  January  25-27. 

Ohio  Apple  Show.  Marietta.  O.,  January, 
23-26. 

Minnesota  Short  Course,  Minneapolis, 
Minn.,  January  23-Fehruary  17. 

Farmers’  Week,  Durham,  N.  IT.,  January 
29-Februar.v  3. 

N.  Y.  State  Grange,  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  Feb¬ 
ruary  6-9. 

Farmers’  Special  Course,  Morgantown,  W. 
Va.,  February  1-16. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Madison,  Wis., 
January  30-February  9. 

Poultry  Week,  East  Lansing.  Mich.,  Feb¬ 
ruary  12-17. 

Farmers’  Week,  State  School,  Lyndon  Ctr., 
Vt..  February  12-17. 

Farmers’  Week,  Cornell  University, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  February  19-24. 

Farmers’  Week,  Burlington,  Vt.,  February 
19-24. 

Poultry  Convention,  Amherst,  Mass., 
March  5-8. 

Farmers’  Week,  Amherst,  Mass.,  March 

11-15.  _ 

“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 


Why  FARMERS  Like 

‘‘Common-Sense” 

Suspenders 

Made  in  Long,  Medium  and  Short  Lengths 
Light,  Medium  and  Extra  Heavy  Weights 


“Comfort”  Back — yields  to 
every  motion  of  body 

Best  quality  Rubber — wears 
longer 

Fits  all  heights  of  Men — Do 
not  slide  from  Shoulders 


Can  be  adjusted  in 
Back  and  Front 

Invisible  Drawers 
Supporter 


We  want  you  to 
get  acquainted 
with  our  line.  If 
you  wish  us  to  send  you  a  pair  to  try, 
enclose  50c  in  stamps  and  state  if  you 
want  Long,  Medium  or  Short — heavy  or 
light  weight — dark  or  light  color. 

For  further  information  drop  a  card  to 

Common-Sense  Suspender  Co. 
Morristown  New  Jersey 


Pulls  Slumps 
Seven  Feel  Thick 


Tho  mighty  Monarch  is  made  of  highest  grade 
Bessemer  Stool  in  our  own  big  factory.  Outwenrs 
three  ordinary  pullers.  Guaranteed  700  h.  p.  and 
against  brenkage.  Only  stump  puller  in  the  world 
equipped  with  genuine  “Hercules”  Red  Strand  steel 
wire  rope,  the  kind  used  by  U.  8.  Government. 
Clears  I  to  6  acres  a  day.  Used  in  all  partsof  world. 

Write  today  for  Catal^o  and  speeia.1  proposit  ion 
ZIMMERMAN  BTEELCQ^Dept  KYD  Lone  Tree,  la. 


Maple”  Evaporators 

Oar  “Maple  Evaporator*'  is  the  roost  durable  and  most 
eeonoinic&l  on  the  market,  only  selected  materials  being 
used  in  its  construction.  Heavy  east-iron  frame,  rein¬ 
forced  sheet  steel  jacket,  extra  heavy  specially  rolled  tin 
or  galvanised  iron  pans. 

Easily  erected,  uses  very  little  fuel  either 
wood  or  coal,  works  smoothly  and  evap¬ 
orates  quickly,  producing  very  fine  sugar 
and  syrup.  Hundreds  in  use  giving 
Splendid  service.  Moderate  in  cost. 

We  carry  n  full  line  of  sugar  camp  sup¬ 
plies. 


McLane- 
Schank 
Hard¬ 
ware  Co, 

Llncsvllle 

Fa. 


MAGAZ/NEt 


You  can  buy  them  of  mo  at  a  low  figu 
my  Free  ('atalogne.  H.  H.  REYN 
SCR1PTION  AGENCY,  j 


are.  Send  for 
H.  REYNOLDS  SUB- 
Hamburg,  Conn. 


“Howto  GrowandMarketFruit” 

Tells  the  Whole  Story  in  One  Volume ;  gives  Lifetime  Exper- 
ence  of  Practical  Growers.  2,000  Acres  in  Nursery  Slock. 
Large  Stock  of  Peach  and  Apple  Trees, 

Write  for  catalog  and  how  to  get  the  book  free. 

HARRISON  NURSERIES,  Berlin,  Md. 


Don’t  Overlook  the  Importance 
ot  the  Insecticide  You  Use 

If  your  selection  is  right  your  spraying  will  get 
results— it  will  pay.  But  if'you  neglect  to  choose 
a  brand  known  to  be  effective,  you  are  wasting 
your  time  and  money.  Start  right.  Select  the 
brand  you  can  depend  upon— one  that  quickly 
kills  chewing  insects,  such  as  the  ctirculio,  the 
moths,  the  borers,  root-worms,  canker-worms,  etc. 

SPRAYS  THAT  PAYS 

KEY BRAND 

ARSENATE  OF  LEAD 

is  so  convenient,  so  effective,  that  once  you  use 
it,  you  will  always  continue.  Itis  always  uniform; 
mixes  easily;  remains  in  suspension  in  solution 
readily;  acts  quickly;  sticks  like  paint  to  the 
plants;  does  not  injure  foliage  or  fruit.  It  makes 
spraying  most  effective,  and  most  economical. 
It  is  positively  superior  to  any  ARSENATE  OF 
LEAD  on  the  market.  And  our  price  is  lower 
than  any  other. 

You  can  buy  it  in  paste  form  in  any  amount 
from  a  one  pound  can  to  a  6oo  pound  barrel;  in 
powder  form,  from  a  one  pound  can  to  a  too 
pound  keg.  Always  shipped  in  Hard  Wood  or 
Steel  Containers.  Never  accept  a  substitute. 
Demand  KEY  BRAND  OF  ARSENATE  OF 
LEAD.  It  will  pay  you  to  do  so. 

We  want  good  lire  agents;  also  wholesale  distributors.  Wrlto 
today  for  prices,  terms,  etc.,  in  open  territory. 

INTERSTATE  CHEMICAL  CO. 

20  Bayview  Ave.,  »  -  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 


Get  This  Bookt 
BEFORE  You 
Put  Ur  Any 


SILO 


Read  what  Ex- _ 

pertinent  Stations  say.  Read  how'_ 
I.ansingSilos  are  made. Then  you’]l\ 
know  why  careful  farmers  choosol 


LANSING  SILOS 

- - - 1  clear  Oregon  fir  and  choice  of  6  other  good 

r  wo°ds.  Steel  Hoops  and  Draw  bugs.  Continuous  ‘ 
r  Doorway,  with  LadderFront.  Write  for  book  note 

Severance  Tank  &  Silo  Co. 

^Dept.329  _  Lansing,  Mich, 


Patented 
Oct.  6th 
1908 


PRUNING  SAW 

Operates  from  ground.  No  breaking  of  limbs 
by  climbing.  No  moving  of  ladders.  No  sawing 
of  wrong  limbs.  Can  reach  topmost  brandies  and 
shape  tree  better  than  by  old  methods.  Will  savo  its 
cost  in  one  day.  Nothing  to  get  out  of  order.  Will  last 
for  years.  Thousands  in  use.  Recommended  by  all  users. 

If  your  dealer  can’t  furnish  it,  write  for  full  descriptive 
circular  and  prices.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Address 

FRUITGROWERS’  SAW  CO.,  Scottsville,  N,  Y. 

Fruit  Trees- 

That  Thrive  and  Bear 

Thrifty,  vigorous  trees  ;  trees  with  lots  of  good 
roots  and  linn,  mature  wood — these  are  the  kind  of 
trees  that  we  grow.  They  begin  bearing  early  and 
they  continue  to  bear  abundantly  for  years. 

At  our  nurseries  the  soil  and  climate  are  just 
right  to  produce  trees  that  are  hardy  and  reliable. 

Our  success  and  experience  of  25  years  is  your 
guarantee  that  everything  in  onr  stock  has  been 
carefully  selected  and  thoroughly  tested.  All  kinds 
of  fruit  trees — apple,  peach,  pear,  cherry,  etc. 

1  Vrite  for  our  latest  Catalog.  It’s  free! 

Barnes  Bros.  Nursery  Co. 

^Box  8,  YALESVILLE,  CONN.^ 


SMALL  FRUITS 

I  grow  Strawberry,  Raspberry,  Black¬ 
berry  and  other  email  Fruit  Hants, 
Grape  Vines,  Shrubbery,  Privet,  etc. 
My  FREK  Catalogue  tells  tho  truth 
about  them,  and  the  prices  quoted  are 
fair  for  good  stock,  true  to  name.  Write 
tuo  today,  w.  F.  ALI.EN, 

72  Market  Street,  Salisbury,  Md. 


Peach  and  Apple  Trees 

For  fall  or  spring  planting.  Prices  right;  stock 

right.  MYEK  &  SON.  Bridgeville,  Delaware 


APPLE  SEEDLINGS 

ALL  {  Both  American  and  French  Grown  )  ORDER 


GRADES 


Straight  or  Branched  Roots 


} 


NOW 


APPLE  GRAFTS 

Piece  or  Whole  Roots 
Long  List  of  Varieties.  Ask  for  Prices 

ALSO  A  GENERAL  LINE  OF  NURSERY  STOCK 


ADDRESS 


Shenandoah  Nurseries 

D.  S.  LAKE,  Prop. 

SHENANDOAH  .  .  .  PAGE  COUNTY,  IOWA 


lull. 


THE  R.U  RAb  NEW-YORKER 


1163 


Whiting,  the  Tree  Agent. 

C.  A.  »S'.,  Ransomville.  X.  Y. — I  would  like 
to  know  something  about  II.  M.  Whiting 
Nursery  Co.  This  man  has  taken  a  lot  of 
orders  for  fruit  trees  in  this  section.  He 
sells  an  imported  Japan  plum  of  six  varie¬ 
ties,  and  his  price  is  80  cents  each,  and  he 
claims  this  plum  will  grow  so  fast  that  the 
sting  of  the  curculio  will  not  hurt  the  fruit, 
but  will  grow  over  the  injury.  Is  this  firm 
a  fake  or  is  he  all  right?  He  goes  around 
in  an  automobile  and  has  sold  fruit  trees 
that  would  amount  to  up  in  the  hundreds 
of  dollars  in  this  section. 

Ans. — For  several  years  we  have  paid 
our  respects  to  H.  M.  Whiting.  He  is 

what  you  might  call  a  rare  bird,  even 
among  expert  tree  agents.  We  regard 
him  as  one  of  the  three  best  dealers  in 
pure,  unadulterated  “guff”  that  have  yet 
made  themselves  known.  He  could  hold 
black  cloth  in  his  hand  and  induce  a 
farmer  to  say  it  was  white.  To  be  fair 
to  Mr.  Whiting,  we  will  say  that  re¬ 
ports  are  that  he  delivers  trees  of  good 
size  and  shape.  He  charges  from  three 
to  five  times  as  much  for  his  trees  as 
reputable  mail  order  houses.  We  have 
taken  some  of  bis  orders  and  submitted 
them  to  half  a  dozen  houses.  The  prices 
quoted  were  one-third  or  less  of  what 
Whiting  demanded.  His  80-cent  fast 
growing  plum  certainly  is  a  “plum,”  and 
this  is  a  fair  sample  of  his  guff.  Prices 
for  good  plum  trees  this  season  run  live 
to  eight  cents  to  the  grower  and  $20  to 
$25  per  thousand  to  the  wholesaler.  Two 
years  ago  Whiting  worked  Orleans  Co., 
N.  Y.  Men  who  bought  his  trees  claimed 
that  he  misrepresented  and  refused  to 
accept  or  pay.  They  organized,  hired  a 
lawyer  and  made,  a  fight.  Our  informa¬ 
tion  is  that  while  a  few  were  bluffed 
into  paying  the  majority  held  out.  We 
regard  Whiting  as  a  type  of  the  tree 
agent  who  should  be  let  alone.  Such 
agents  discredit  a  good  business  by  their 
big  stories  and  extravagant  prices,  and 
reputable  nurserymen  who  want  to  do  a 
fair  trade  must  sooner  or  later  pay  the 
penalty.  Perhaps  Whiting  would  like  to 
put  up  that  argument  to  prove  that  our 
readers  can  get  the  best  bargain  in  trees 
from  him ! 


Keeping  Celery  in  Winter. 

There  arc  several  essentials  that  must 
be  understood  and  kept  in  mind  when  oue 
wishes  to  store  celery  for  Winter  use. 
First,  it  must  be  a  Winter  variety ;  sec¬ 
ond,  it  must  be  mature ;  third,  it  must  be 
preen  (not  blanched),  when  it  is  packed 
away ;  fourth,  it  must  lie  drv.  With  any 
one  of  these  essentials  lacking  the  chances 
are  against  its  keeping  any  length  of  time, 
observing  them  all,  take  up  the  celery 
carefully,  when  the  tops  are  falrlv  dry, 
leaving  a  portion  of  the  dirt  adhering  to 
the  roots.  .  Have  a  trench  dug  in  a  well- 
il rained  soil,  where  there  is  no  danger  of 
water  entering  from  either  top  or  bottom, 
and  a  sufficient  depth  to  stand  the  celerv 
upright  and  have  three  or  four  inches  still 
on  top  between  the  celery  tops  and  the 
cover.  This  trench  should  lie  about  14 
inches  in  width.  A  good  plan  is  to  drive 
a  few  stakes  along  each  edge  of  tiie  trench 
and  nail  a  10-inch  hoard  along  each  edge 
of  the  trench,  banking  the  dirt,  that  comes 
from  the  inside  of  the  trench,  against  the 
outside  of  these  boards,  making  it  smooth 
and  of  even  slope,  to  carry  away  water 
of  heavy  rains.  To  allow  celery  to  become 
very  wet  should  the  weather  he  at  all 
moderate,  is  almost  sure  to  cause  rot.  Now, 
having  the  trench  completed,  begin  at  one 
end  of  the  trench.  Let  one  man  get  down 
in  the  bottom  of  the  trench  and  place  the 
celery  in  the  trench  in  rows  crosswise,  thor¬ 
oughly  covering  the  roots  and  pressing  the 
foil  down  good  and  firm  with  each  row,  as 
placed  in  the  trench.  Tills  can  be  con¬ 
tinued  almost  any  length,  hut  if  longer 
than  50  or  (!0  feet  ventilators  should  be 
placed  in  the  cover  for  each  additional  50 
feet.  When  all  is  completed,  nail  some 
boards  together  A-shaped,  place  over  the 
Irench  as  a  cover,  leaving  both  ends  open 
for  circulation.  These  should  lie  left  open, 
jlso  tiie  ventilators,  until  danger  of  freez¬ 
ing  occurs,  when  a  light  covering  of  straw 
»r  marsh  hay  should  he  placed  over  the 
whole  trench,  ends  included,  just  sufficient 
to  prevent  freezing.  This  covering  should 
be  added  to,  only  so  fast  as  the  weather 
prows  colder.  If  celery,  once  placed  in  a 
trench,  is  allowed  to  get  excessively  wet  or 
loo  warm,  rot  is  sure  to  occur. 

There  is  a  mistaken  idea  held  by  many 
that  placing  green  celery  in  a  trench  causes 
file  green  stalks  that  are  already  grown, 
to  blanch  or  turn  white.  They'  do  not. 
The  plant  packed  in  that  damp  soil  con¬ 
tinues  to  grow  and  absorbs  the  strength 
from  the  old  green  stalks,  and  they  wither 
md  dry  up,  and  a  new  growth  is  made  in 
renter  of  plant.  Once  the  blanching  process 
is  gone  through  with  and  completed  the 
keeping  qualities  of  celery  are  done,  and 
it  must  be  used  or  marketed  at  once. 
The  colder  it  is  kept  from  the  beginning  the 
linger  it  will  be  in  blanching. 

C.  C.  HULSART. 


Spring  Crop  to  Plow  Under. 

Can  you  tell  me  if  buckwheat,  rye  or 
retch  can  lie  sown  early  enough  in  the 
Spring  to  plow  under  and  sow  to  oats  and 
>eas  for  fodder,  and  could  I  then  seed  to 
Alsike  and  Timothy?  k.  w.  m 

Homer,  N.  Y. 

No,  you  cannot  expect  to  sow  anything 
in  early  Spring  that  can  be  plowed  under 
in  time  for  seeding  oats  and  peas.  The  rye 
and  vetch  should  have  been  seeded  this 
Fall.  Then  the  crop  could  have  been 
plowed  under.  We  would  sow  oats  and 
p?as  as  early  as  the  soil  is  fit,  and  use  the 
cbver  and  grass-seed  at  the  same  time. 


Building  that  Cistern. 

Do  you  think  If.  L.  D.,  page  1112.  could 
build  a  cistern  strong  enough  of  one  layer 
of  brick,  10  feet  across,  and  10  feet  deep, 
that  would  stand  the  pressure,  without 
bursting,  of  180  barrels  of  water  that  it 
would  hold?  If  II.  L.  I).  wants  a  cistern 
that  will  hold  about  200  gallons,  one  four 
feet  across  and  3%  feet  high  will  hold  it. 
For  the  sake  of  comparing  the  space  200 
gallons  would  take  up  in  a  cistern  10  feet 
across  and  10  feet  high,  draw  a  circle  10 
feet  across  on  the  floor.  Now  we  know  a 
barrel  of  molasses  holds  50  gallons  or  more, 
and  just  stand  four  of  those  barrels  in¬ 
side  the  circle  and  you  will  see  a  mis¬ 
take  in  tiie  amount  it  will  hold  was  given. 
By  squaring  the  10-foot  circle  we  have  the 
same  as  78  M>  square  foot,  leaving  off  the 
fraction,  so  a  cistern  eight  feet  and  about 
10  inches  square  will  hold  just  about  the 
same  as  a  round  one  10  feet  across.  A 
square  gallon  can  is  five  inches  square  and 
a  trifle  over  nine  inches  high;  eight  foot  10 
inches  equal  100  inches,  so  it  would  take 
21  cans  for  one  row,  and  21  rows  equals 
441  gallons  on  the  bottom  tier;  12  tiers 
shows  about  tiie  amount  tiie  cistern  would 
hold,  hut  it  does  not  seem  to  me  the  cis¬ 
tern  would  stand  the  pressure. 

Delaware  Co.,  N.  Y.  e.  e.  rtebbins. 

It.  N.-Y. — Several  readers  have  called  at¬ 
tention  to  an  error  in  these  figures.  The 
cistern  would  hold  about  200  barrels  rather 
than  gallons,  as  printed. 


Canadian  Plowing  Matches. — Consul 
Se.vfcrt  of  Owen  Sound  has  reported  a 
groat  plowing  match  which  ranks  in  inter¬ 
est  with  a  baseball  game:  “On  November 
1.  near  the  town  of  Markham,  in  York 
County,  2,000  people  turned  out  to  wit¬ 
ness  the  county  contest,  and  63  plow  teams 
competed  in  what  it  is  alleged  the  biggest 
and  most  interesting  plowing  contests  ever 
held  in  Canada.  The  weather  conditions 
were  ideal  for  the  groat  competition.  In 
plowing  sod  34  teams  competed  and  in 
stubble  land  20.  In  tiie  sod  contest  there 
was  a  time  limit  of  five  hours  to  complete 
tiie  area  allotted  to  each  team.  The  re¬ 
markable  result  when  the  time  was  up  was 
the  fact  that  the  first  prize  was  awarded  to 
a  farmer  who  is  87  years  old  and  has 
been  following  tiie  plow  for  57  years.  This 
aged  farmer,  according  to  the  judges,  out¬ 
classed  every  other  competitor  for  tiie  best 
work  in  the  contest.” 


Law  for  tiie  American  Farmer;  by 
John  B.  Green,  member  of  the  New  York 
Bar ;  438  pages,  copious  index ;  published 
by  tiie  Macmillan  Co.  Many  inquires  have 
been  made  for  an  up-to-date  moderate  priced 
book,  covering  tiie  essential  parts  of  law 
as  it  pertains  to  the  farm.  This  book 
fills  the  want  in  a  comprehensive  manner, 
and  ought  to  lie  in  every  farm  library. 
Some  of  the  subjects  discussed  are  :  Titles, 
boundaries,  easements,  farm  laborers, 
water  rights,  contracts,  pure  food  regu¬ 
lations,  laws  about  live  stock,  dogs,  com¬ 
mon  carriers,  warranty,  insurance.  For 
sale  by  The  Rural  New-Yorker,  price 
$1.50  net. 

The  Farm  and  Garden  Rule  Book,  by  L. 
IT.  Bailey.  Tiie  old  “Horticulturist’s  Rule 
Book,”  by  tiie  same  author,  lias  long  been  a 
helpful  compendium  of  useful  knowledge  to 
gardeners,  florists  and  truckers.  It  is  super¬ 
seded.  however,  by  this  new  volume  of  587 
pages,  which  contains  a  really  amazing 
amount  of  information,  rendered  easily  ac¬ 
cessible  by  a  copious  index.  Storage  and 
keeping  of  crops,  grades  of  grain,  size  of 
fruit  packages,  tiie  abatement  of  posts  and 
nuisances,  plant  diseases,  injurious  insects, 
live  stock  rules  and  records,  poultry  treat¬ 
ment,  milk  tests,  dairy  scores,  animal  para¬ 
sites,  feeding  stuffs  and  rations,  fertilizers 
and  _  manures,  planting  tallies,  greenhouse 
heating  and  a  host  of  other  subjects  are 
treated  briefly  and  in  condensed  form.  Con¬ 
struction,  farm  engineering,  tile  drainage, 
etc.,  are  included,  and  there  are  numbers 
of  those  useful  tables  and  formulas  that 
we  are  all  likely  to  need,  yet  seldom  keep 
on  hand.  The  hook  shows  great  industry 
and  research,  and  will  certainly  lie  of  great 
value  to  farmers  and  gardeners  of  all  class- 
es.  Published  by  the  Macmillan  Company, 
New  York ;  price,  postpaid,  $2.20, 


A\  hex  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  Sec  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Get  the  big  prices  on 

the^early  market 

r  The  two  layers  of  glass  let 
your  plants  have  all  the  light 
all  the  time. 

iThis  causes  them  to  mature  cariiei — 
[become  hardier— sturdier.  When  the 
plants  grown  under  single  glass  sash 
(that  must  be  covered)  are  still 
W’-i  '  small  and  weak,  your  plants  under 

Sunlight  Sash  will  be  ready  for  the  field. 
The  resulting  crops  will  get  the  big 
v  prices. 

ear,y  Sprint;  Plants.  Get  some  Sunlight 
i.iints  rtrh F °lir  cal>b'iKe.  cauliflower,  tomato  and  other 
I  l  ints,  etc.,  ready  to  set  out  as  soon  as  the  weather  permits. 

o-her  i/?ri  thifSe  0p-e  Is  our  free  catalog;  the 

other  is  a  book  on  hot-beds  and  cold-frames  by  Professor 
Massey.  It  is  authoritative  and  of 
i  vital  interest  to  all  growers,  florists 
and  gardeners.  4c  in  . stamps  will 
bring  Professor  Massey’s  book  la 
addition  to  the  catalog. 

Sunlight  Double 
Glass  Sash  Co. 

824  E.  Broadway,  Louisville,  Ky. 


.J  Frame* 
dhot-B«fa 


Build  Your 
Walering  Troughs  of  Concrete 

All  thrifty  farmers  are  building  their  watering  troughs  of  concrete.  There 
is  a  reason.  Concrete  does  not  rot,  leak  or  rust.  Once  built  of  concrete  your 
trough,  will  last  indefinitely,  and  there  will  be  no  upkeep  cost.  The  same 
qualities  make  it  the  perfect  material  for  feed  troughs,  fence  posts,  silos  and 
farm  building  work  in  general.  In  concrete  construction  the  most  important 
thing  to  consider  is  the  cement.  Be  sure  to  use  the  right  brand — you  are 
safe  if  you  choose 

T  rmrilPO  RT-L7L  N  D 

LLnlWlCEMENT 

It  has  been  on  the  market  for  14  years,  and  its  quality  is  therefore 
unquestioned.  If  you  use  Lehigh  you  may  be  sure  of  a  cement  that  has  all  the 
qualifications  for  making  the  strongest  and  best  concrete. 

It  is  most  important  that  your  sand  and  gravel 
are  right  before  you  start  your  work.  Write  us  todaj 
for  our  book.  The  Modern  Farmer,  which  tells  how 
to  test  your  sand  to  see  ifit  is  clean  and  your  gravel 
to  see  ifit  is  free  from  impurities.  It  is  sent  free  on 
request. 

LEHIGH  PORTLAND  CEMENT 
COMPANY 

(11  Mills— 11,000,000  bbls.  yearly  capacity) 

Dept.  A,  Allentown,  Pa. 


For  Orchard  and  Farm. 

All  genuine  “Cutaways”  aro  intense  cultivators  and 
will  increase  your  crops  25  to  50  percent.  Our  Double 
Action  "Cutaway”  Harrow  is  a  wonderful  invention 
—can  be  used  in  Held  or  orchard.  Perfect  center 
draft.  Drawn  by  two  medium  horses  will  movo  the 
earth  twice  on  every  trip.  Wo  can  prove  it. 

“Intensive  Cultivation,”  our  new  catalogue  is  Free 
Send  for  it  today.  , 

CUTAWAY  HARROW  C0.f  839  Main  St.,  Higganmn,  Conn. 


Rapid 
Transit 

for  the 
Farmer 

VLOW  traveling  eats  up  time. 

"I  ime  is  money. 

.  Why  Pot  make  your  trips  to  town,  to  mill,  to  creamery — anywhere 
— in  one-third  the  time,  with  an  International  Auto  Wagon — as  many 
other  farmers  are  doing? 

The  simplicity  of  the  International  makes  it  easy  to  operate.  Its 
economy  makes  it  inexpensive  to  keep.  Its  strength  and  durability 
make  it  a  permanent  investment.  The 

International  Auto  Wagon 

is  always  ready,  winter  and  summer,  24  hours  a  day  if  necessary. 
Roads,  hills,  sand,  or  weather  do  not  stall  it — it  never  tires. 

The  wheels  are  sufficiently  high  to  give  ample  road  clearance.  The 
solid  rubber  tires  eliminate  tire  troubles  and  expense.  There  are  no  de¬ 
lays  and  no  expense  on  account  of  punctures  and  blow-outs.  The 
“^air-cooled  engine  does  notfreeze  in  winter.  An  International  auto 
yvagon  will  give  more  service  for  the  amount 
’  invested  than  can  be  secured  in  any  other  way. 

,  Whenever  desired,  it  can  be  converted  into  a 
pleasure  vehicle  by  adding  an  extra seatandtop. 

There  are  many  International  auto  wagons 
in  the  hands  of  farmers  all  over  the  country. 

The  I H  C  local  dealer  will  be  glad  to  tell  you 
all  the  facts,  or,  if  you  prefer,  write  us  for 
i  catalogue  and  full  information. 


^International  Harvester  Company  of  America 
f  (Incorporated) 

101  Harvester BUg.,  Chicago  USA 


1  HC  Service 
Bureau 

The  purpose  of 
this  bureau  is  to 
furnish  farmers 
with  information 
on  better  farm¬ 
ing.  If  you  have 
any  worthy  ques¬ 
tions  concerning 
soils.crops, pests 
fertilizers,  etc., 
■write  to  the  IHC 
Bureau  and  learn 
what  our  experts 
and  others  have 
found  out  con¬ 
cerning  these 
subjects. 


1154, 


\TH  EC  RURAb  154  IS  W- YORKER 


December  2, 


MIGHTY  PROFITABLE. 

The  following  is  the  experience  of  the 
farmers  about  here  who  ship  apples  to  a 
Wallabout  Market,  Brooklyn,  commis¬ 
sion  man.  Formerly  we  prepaid  the 
freight  of  32  cents  on  a  barrel  of  apples 
and  the  commission  man  deducted  13 
cents  cartage.  Now  he  demands  the 
shipments  be  made  direct  to  the  market, 
and  the  station  agent  tells  us  there  is  no 
cartage,  but  he  still  deducts  the  13  cents 
cartage.  We  prepay  40  cents  for  direct 
shipment  to  the  market.  That  makes 
53  cents  to  land  a  barrel  of  apples  at 
Wallabout  Market,  a  matter  of  70  miles. 
That  kind  of  work  discourages  ship¬ 
ment.  Talk  about  “pauper  labor” — the 
farmer  gets  just  what  his  produce  is 
worth,  nothing  at  all  for  his  work. 

Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.  j.  w.  R. 

R.  N.-Y. — Here  we  have  what  seems 
to  be  a  commission  hog.  This  man  is 
getting  about  all  there  is.  Pin  him 
down  and  he  will  probably  claim  that 
his  sales  are  made  on  the  basis  of  de¬ 
livery  at  the  buyer's  store.  Perhaps 
some  of  them  are,  but  it  is  not  likely 
that  all  are  sold  in  this  way.  In  many 
such  cases  it  looks  as  if  both  the  buyer 
and  shipper  are  paying  this  item  of 
“cartage.”  Every  turn  of  the  trade 
brings  you  up  against  a  new  reason  why 
commission  men  should  be  compelled  to 
show  up  the  record  of  their  sales. 


Culture  of  Kale, 

IF.  J.  S.,  Clear  Lake,  Mont. — What  is  the 
proper  time  to  plant  kale,  or  Winter  let¬ 
tuce,  also  how  is  it  cared  for? 

Ans. — Soil  and  general  treatment  of 
kale  or  borecole  are  the  same  as  for 
cabbage.  Clay  loam,  well  worked  until 
smooth  and  friable,  is  the  best  soil. 
Dwarf  Scotch  kale  is  excellent  and 
very  hardy;  truckers  around  Norfolk, 
Va.,  where  kale  is  grown  very  largely, 
grow  both  Blue  and  Scotch  kale,  but 
mainly  give  preference  to  the  latter.  In 
the  North  kale  is  sown  in  early  Spring 
for  Fall  use  in  frames  or  hotbeds,  and 
treated  just  like  cabbage;  it  is  also 
sown  early  in  June,  and  carried  through 
the  Winter  with  little  or  no  protection, 
making  fresh  growth  of  tender  sprouts 
very  early  in  Spring.  Around  Norfolk, 
Va.,  seed  is  sown  with  a  hand  drill  in 
August,  and  the  growers  begin  to 
ship  in  October,  continuing  shipments 
through  the  Winter  until  April.  The  kale 
is  grown  in  ridges  or  beds  containing 
several  rows,  with  furrows  between  the 
beds,  as  it  is  necessary  to  drain  off 
surplus  water.  Tillage  is  given,  and 
the  plants  are  thinned  to  about  six 
inches  apart.  A  heavy  growth  is  made 
in  September,  October  and  November 
in  Virginia,  and  the  crop  is  profitable. 
We  are  not  acquainted  with  conditions 
in  Montana,  so  can  only  advise  the  in¬ 
quirer  to  be  guided  by  experience  in 
growing  cabbage.  Scotch  kale  can  be 
carried  over  Winter  with  little  or  no 
protection  in  Western  New  York,  for 
the  growth  of  early  Spring  greens. 


PROPAGATING  BERRY  BUSHES. 

F.  C.  C.,  Bridgton,  Me. — Can  root  cut¬ 
tings  be  obtained  from  the  non-suckering 
raspberries?  We  have  been  unsuccessful  in 
getting  the  Columbian  tips  to  catch,  and 
wish  to  propagate  from  the  roots  if  possi¬ 
ble. 

Ans. — You  are  probably  not  the  only 
one  who  has  experienced  the  same  diffi¬ 
culty  this  year,  for  the  drought  that 
was  more  or  less  general  throughout 
the  country  made  it  practically  impos¬ 
sible  in  some  places  to  get  any  results 
worth  while  in  layering  raspberries  and 
blackberries.  I  have  seen  some  fine 
plants  produced  this  year  by  layering 
the  Columbian,  but  it  was  done  care¬ 
fully  by  experienced  nurserymen.  They 
simply  went  along  the  row  and  bent  the 
tip  of  the  cane  down  to  the  ground, 
and  covered  the  end  of  it  with  enough 
soil  to  have  it  down  into  the  moisture. 
This  was  done  as  soon  as  the  cane  bad 
attained  its  full  growth  in  the  month 
of  August.  If  it  had  been  done  earlier, 
the  tips  would  have  been  too  green,  and 
quite  sure  to  rot  in  the  ground.  Sep¬ 
tember,  on  the  other  hand,  would  have 
been  too  late.  This  method  of  propa¬ 
gating  is  what  nurserymen  call  layering 
berry  bushes. 

Plants  are  also  obtained  from  the 
young  suckers  that  grow  up  around  the 
parent  bush.  Now,  most  people  doubt¬ 
less  are  aware  of  the  fact  that  Black 
raspberries  do  not  send  up  these  sucker 
plants  and,  for  that  reason,  layering  is 
done  more  extensively  with  these  black 
sorts.  Red  raspberries  and  blackberries, 
on  the  other  hand,  produce  hundreds  of 
suckers.  Take  any  patch  of  these  latter 
kinds  and  cultivate  them  thoroughly 
after  the  crop  has  been  picked.  The  re¬ 
sult  will  be  that  in  the  early  Fall  a  fine 
lot  of  young  shoots  having  a  little  root 
system  of  their  own  will  grow  up  all 


through  the  rows.  They  may  be  dug 
up  late  in  the  Fall  or  early  in  the 
Spring  without  disturbing  the  parent 
bush  in  any  way.  In  fact  thousands  of 
these  sucker  plants  are  put  on  the  mar¬ 
ket  every  year  by  nurserymen. 

A  third  way  which  this  inquirer  may 
have  in  mind  is  to  grow  new  plants 
from  root  cuttings.  This  is  done  very 
extensively  with  blackberries,  but  rasp¬ 
berries  are  usually  produced  in  one  of 
the  two  other  ways.  However,  it  may 
be  done  successfully  with  some  kinds  of 
raspberries.  The  process  is  as  fol¬ 
lows  :  Dig  around  the  full-grown  bushes 
in  the  Spring  and,  without  disturbing 
them  too  much,  remove  some  of  the 
roots  of  the  plant,  at  the  same  time 
using  care  not  to  cut  the  roots  off  too 
close.  These  roots  are  then  cut  into 
pieces  of  about  a  finger’s  length  and 
sown  in  a  row  as  you  would  seed.  The£ 
should  be  covered  with  just  a  few  inches 
of  earth.  This  piece  of  root  will  send 
up  a  sprout  that  will  grow  into  a  fine 
plant  in  one  season.  These  are  the  three 
methods  commonly  employed  by  nurs¬ 
erymen  in  propagating  berry  bushes. 
Should  anyone  have  sucker  plants  in 
his  patch,  they  are  just  as  desirable  for 
transplanting  next  Spring  as  plants 
produced  by  laying  down  the  tips  of 
the  canes.  m.  k. 


Another  “Godless  Apple.” 

The  latest  report  is  that  C.  3.  Seager  of 
California  has  found  a  wonder  which  he 
hopes  to  make  famous  “with  the  assistance 
of  Luther  Burbank.” 

“Seager  leaves  Ueno  with  12  samples 
to  take  to  Burbank.  The  tree  on  which 
they  grew  is  seven  years  old.  but  has  been 
eaten  back  each  year  by  live  stock.  This 
year  it  bore  25  seedless  apples,  all  perfect 
and  coreless.  A  peculiarity  is  that  the 
placenta  seem  forced  out  of  the  end  of  the 
fruit  and  dried-up  stamens  and  pistils  may 
still  be  seeh.” 

Our  advice  is  not  likely  to  be  followed 
by  seedless  apple  gentlemen,  but  we  offer 
it  none  the  less.  Let  Mr.  Burbank  alone! 
The  limelight  is  very  offensive  to  him, 
and  he  despises  advertisement.  Why  not 
let  him  enjoy  a  well-deserved  rest? 


Wood  for  Greenhouse  Heating. 

L.  G.,  Massachusetts,  inquires  on  page 
1093  if  he  can  heat  his  greenhouse  with 
wood,  as  he  does  not  feel  that  he  can  stand 
the  expense  of  coal.  He  does  not  state 
whether  he  is  going  to  use  flues,  steam  or 
hot  water,  but  I  have  run  one  with  about 
2,000  feet  of  glass  for  the  past  live  years, 
and  only  used  coal  one  Winter.  I  use  a 
30  horse-power  tubular  steam  boiler,  and 
prefer  the  wood  to  coal,  although  it  is  a 
little  more  work  and  perhaps  a  little  more 
unsafe  in  regard  to  its  lasting  qualities ; 
but  with  a  well-packed  fire  it  will  usually 
last  four  hours  and  keep  up  steam.  I  ust* 
about  10  cords  of  wood  between  November 
1  and  May  1  and  the  cost  is  about  $50  less 
than  coal  for  the  same  length  of  time.  L. 
G.  need  have  no  fear,  if  he  attends  to  his 
job,  to  start  his  greenhouse,  using  wood  to 
heat  it  with.  E.  f.  perry. 

Massachusetts. 


Good  Light 


makes  night  work  easier. 
Rayo  lanterns  give  the 
most  light  possible  for 
the  oil  used. 

Rayo  Lanterns  will 
not  blow7  or  Jar  out. 

They  are  easy  to  clean. 
Easy  to  fill  and  light. 
Made  to  stand  hard  wear. 

You  can  get  Rayo  Lan¬ 
terns  in  various  sizes, 
finishes  and  styles.  Each 
is  the  best  you 
can  buy  of  its 
particular  kind. 

All  Rayo  lanterns  are 
equipped  with  selected  Rayo 
globes,  clear,  red  or  green, 
as  desired,  and  wicks  are 
inserted  in  the  burners, 
ready  to  light. 

Dealers  everywhere  ;  or 
write  for  descriptive  circular 
direct  to  any  agency  of  the 

Standard  Oil  Company 

(Incorporated) 


Marlin 


epeating  ohotgun 

Made  fatnous  by  Us  dependability.  The  solid  top  and  side  ejection  keep  gases  and  powder  away  from  your  eyes* 
help  quick,  effective  repeat  shots.  Rain,  sleet,  snow  and  foreign  matter  can't  get  into  tbe  action. 

The  mechanism  is  strong,  simple,  wear-resisting.  _  The  double  extractors  pull  any  shell  instantly ;  two  special  safety 
a  ifs?  Rfevem  accidental  discharge  while  action  is  unlocked,  and  an  automatic  recoil  block  makes  bang  fires  harmless 
Ail  Marlins  are  strongly  made  finely  balanced,  accurate,,  hard  hitting  guns,  and  are  the  quickest  and  easiest  to  take 
down  and  clean.  Illustration  shows  Model  24  grade  A  1 2  gauge ;  it  has  all  the  features  that  make  for  a  perfect  gun 

Send  three  •tamp,  postage  today  for  our  136  TAe  7/Zar/in  Streams  Co 

page  catalog  describing  the  full  fflarfot  line.  157  Willow  Street  New  Haven,  Conn. 


ie  My  Shipping  Tag  to  Your 
Next  Shipment  of  Furs — 

and  see  what  a  difference  there  will  be  in  the  cash  you  will  re¬ 
ceive  for  your  trapping. 

jj  I  Have  No  Padded  Price  Lists— but  I  Grade  Honestly 


Grade  and  Value  Your  Own  Furs — if  I  can  not  pay  your  price  or  more, 
I  will  return  them  to  you,  express  prepaid.  You  have  probably  had 
some  experience  with  firms( making  glorious  promises  of  big  prices, 
only  to  disappoint  you  by  “sharp”  grading. 

r  years  of  honest  dealing  and  thousands  of  testimonials  from  trappers  testify  as  to 
^straightforward  treatment  of  my  shippers.  I  pay  express  charges  on  all  shipments  over  $10, 
nd  remittances  are  forwarded  same  day  furs  are  received.  I  do  not  solicit  shipments  amount- 
’  ing  to  less  than  $10.00.  Any  shipment  of  furs  held  separate  for  your  approval  if  you  request  it. 
;  will  telegraph  valuation  upon  consignments  amounting  to  $100.00  or  upwards.  Write  to-day  for 
'  full  information,  latest  prices  and  valuable  advice.  I  will  give  you  my  personal  attention.  Address: 

Milton  M.Sloman,  Mgr.,  M.  SLOMAN  &  CO.,  1 33  Toronto  “on?: 


Louis  A.  Rubenstein  Fur  Co. 

52  West  28th  Street,  New  York 

We  pay  the  highest  market  prlces  and  want  your 

FURS 

Latest  price  list  ready— send  for  same. 


Skunk,  Mink,  Coon  a  Specialty 

The  highest  prices  paid  for  these,  and 
all  other  furs.  No  matter  how  largo  or 
small  a  lot  you  have,  I  want 
you  to  get  my  PRICES.  I  hold 
all  shipments  for  approval 
when  requested  and  teie- 
graph  offers  for  large  lots, 
1  ;jjpay  express  charges  on 
-  all  over  $10.  Write  for 
prices  today  to 

_ 0.  L.SLENKER,  East  Liberty,  0. 

RAW  FURS  WANTED 


Highest  Prices — Liberal  Assortment  i 


QUICK  CASH  PAYMENTS 

Why  not  become  one  of  our  satisfied  shippers? 
Write  lor  Price  List  and  Reference* 

Write  To<la  y — Write  Now 

SUSKIND  &  LEVY 

Dept.  A  49  East  9th  Street  New  York  City 


Cash  for 

Raw  Furs 


Make  more  money  out  of 
Raw  Furs  by  getting  full 
value  yourseif  and  savo 
middleman’s  profits. 
New  York  is  best  market 
and  we  pay  highest  prices 
for  hides  of  Skunks, 
Minks,  Ooons,  etc.  Cut 
out  the  commission  house  humbug  and  ship  to  us  di¬ 
rect.  We  stand  express.  More  than  30  years  in  business, 
nri  t  min  rn  nn  Write  for  price  list  and  references. 
BELT ,  BU  1  LLK  IU.,  Exporters,  4  East  12th  Street,  NewYork 

I  Raw  Furs  Wanted  I 


i 

i 

•< 


Skunk,  Mink,  Raccoon,  Opossum,  Fox,  Muskrat  and 
other  furs  are  bringing  high  prices  in  New  York,  the 
best  market  for  you  to  ship  to.  Do  you  want  to  k  now 

“How  to  Get  More  Money  for  Your  Raw  Furs?” 

Write  for  “  Mon  jo’s  Hunter  and  Trapper”  and  price 
list — it’s  free.  Highest  commercial  references, 

F.  N.  MON  JO,  156  W.  25th  St.,N.Y. 


RAW  FURS 


G.  I.  FOX.  162 
W.  26th  Street, 
N.Y.  A  square 
deal,  liberal  as¬ 
sortment,  top 
prices.  Write 
for  price  list. 


TRAPPERS 


Mora 

Head 

Hunter-T  rador- 
Trapper,  illustrated,  128  to  200  page 
magazine  about  Steel  Traps,  Dead¬ 
falls,  Trapping  Secrets,  Raw  Furs,  Dogs,  Guns.  Ginseng. 
Big  Game  Hunting,  etc.  Sample  10  cts.  BUYERS  and 
TRAPPER8,  you  need  the  16-24  page  weekly.  Camp  and 
Trail,  contains  Haw  Fur  Price  List,  Market  Letters,  etc. 
Sample  6c,  or  two  copies  of  each,  25c.  A.  li.  II Alt  11- 
IN  G  Pi  ll.  CO.,  Box  509,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

LET  US  TAN 
YOUR  HIDE. 

Cattle  or  Horse  hide.  Calf,  Dog,  Deer, 
or  any  kind  of  skin  with  hair  or  fur  on. 

We  make  them  soft,  light,  odorless, 
wind,  moth  and  water  proof,  and  make 
them  into  coats  (for  men  or  women), 
robes,  rugs  or  gloves  when  so  ordered. 

Your  fur  goods  will  cost  you  less  than 
to  buy  them,  and  be  worth  more.  It 
will  Certainly  pay  you  to  look  into  it. 

Our  illustrated  catalog  gives  a  lot  of 
information.  Tells  how  to  take  oif  and 
care  for  hides;  how  we  pay  t lie  freight 
both  ways ;  ifbout  our  marvelous  brush 
dyeing  process  which  is  a  tremendous 
advantage  to  the  customer,  especially 
on  horse  hides  and  calf  skins ;  about 
the  goods  we  sell,  taxidermy,  etc.,  but 
we  never  send  out  this  valuable  book 
except  upon  request.  If  you  want  a 
copy  send  in  your  correct  address. 

The  Crosby  Frisian  Fur  Company, 

571  Lyell  Ave.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


FUR  SHIFTERS! 

What's  the  use  of  guessing  at  the  value  of 
your  furs  during  the  season  of  1911-1912 
when  all  that's  required  to  find  out  their 
real  value  is  to  hook  on  olio  of  my 

LITTLE  RED  TAGS  and  say  HOLD  SEPARATE 

Send  me  your  name  and  address  NOW  so 
you  will  he  sure  to  get  reliable  information 
when  the  season  opens  and  get  it  often. 

21  E.  16th  Street 
NEW  YORK 


JAS.  P.  ELLIS 


SKUNK 


-M.  J.  Jewett  Sons, 


We  buy  Skunk,  Mink, Musk¬ 
rat  and  all  other  raw  furs  at 
highest  market  prices,  and 
ive  liberal  assortments  and 
A  square  deal’’  to  everyone. 

_  Price-list  free. 

Jtedwood,  N.  Y„  Dept.  29 


—99  9Xoo  %  Pure— 

American  Ingot  Iron  Roofing 

Guaranteed  For  30  Years 

Without  Painting 

The  Only  Guaranteed  Metal  Roofing  ever  put  on  the 
market.  Samples  free.  Write  for  a  free  book  showing 
remarkable  tests.  A  way  out  of  your  roof  troubles. 

THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  CO..  Dept.  D,  ELYRIA,  OHIO 


/•As  low  as  $10 

And  any  boy  can  operate  it  and  earn  tho 
price  of  this  saw  in  two  days  easily  by 
contracting  to  saw  lumber,  firewood,  lath, 
lences,  posts,  etc.,  for  neighbors. 

Hertzler  &  Zook 

Portable 
Wood 


Earn 

$10 


Is  positively  the  cheapest  and  best 
saw  made.  Liberally  guaranteed  for 
1  year— will  last  many  years. 
Strictly  factory  prices  — you 
save  jobbers’ profits.  Stick 
sits  low— saw  draws  it  on 
immediately  machine 
starts— ensuring  ease  of 
operation.  Only  tlO  saw  to 
which  ripping  table  can  be 
added.  Write  for  catalogue. 

HERTZLER  &  ZOOK  CO. 
Box  3  Belleville,  Pa. 


The  44  Galloping 
Past”  Hodge 

maybe  used  to  cheat  you  the  uext  time  you 
buy  or  swap  a  horse.  Or  some  smart  “gyp” 
or  crooked  dealer  may  try  to  fool  you  with 
the  “ginger  trick”,  the  “widow  dodge”,  the 
“bishoping  trick”  or  some  other  rascally 
frame-up  which  these  miscreants  practice.  Pro¬ 
tect  yourself  against  all  such  kuavery — read 

4 4 Horse  Secrets”' 

— a  book  which  exposes  all  the  slick  swindles 
that  are  known  to  professional  dopesters  and 
fixers  of  horses.  It  also  gives  much  vital  infor¬ 
mation  as  to  the  feeding  and  conditioning  of 
stock  and  the  cure  of  diseases  aud  vices  of 
horses.  It  is  the  most  complete  and  valuable 
book  of  its  kind  ever  published.  The  policy  of 

Farm  Journal 

is  to  serve  the  farmer,  aud  we  believe  that  in 
distributing  “Horse  Secrets”  among  our  sub¬ 
scribers  we  are  renderiug  the  farmer  a  most 
important  and  valuable  service.  Farm  Journal 
also  serves  the  farmer  with  sound  advice  re¬ 
garding  every  branch  of  farming — serves  his 
wife  with  the  most  helpful  housekeeping 
suggestions — serves  his  entire  family  with 
clean,  'wholesome  entertainment.  It  is  the 
best-loved  and  widest  read  farm  paper  pub¬ 
lished,  aud  visits  750,000  homes  monthly. 

For  Only  Si.oo 

we  will  send  you  “Horse  Secrets’’  at  once, 
postpaid,  and  Farm  Journal  every  month  for 
four  years.  Send  to-day.  You  never  bought 
a  bigger  dollar’s  worth. 

Farm  Journal,  1 30  N.  Clifton  St.,  Philadelphia 


1911, 


1 1  oS 


J 

A  NORTH  CAROLINA  COTTON  FIELD. 

While  one  of  our  readers  is  telling 
of  growing  potatoes  at  Fairbanks, 
Alaska,  another  reader  sends  us  the 
picture  shown  at  Fig.  471.  Some  of 
us  who  are  thankful  for  the  cloth 
which  covers  us  spend  little  time  re¬ 
membering  the  cotton  picker  at  the 
South  or  the  sheep  shearer  in  the 
West.  Yet  a  good  share  of  our  com¬ 
fort  as  well  as  the  world’s  wealth  is 
based  on  the  finger  and  thumb  which 
grasp  the  cotton  and  handle  the  shears. 
There  is  demand  for  a  mechanical  cot¬ 
ton  picker  and  several  machines  are 
already  at  work — none  of  them  entirely 
successful.  The  problem  of  mechan¬ 
ical  cotton  picking  is  a  difficult  one,  and 
should  there  be  a  successful  machine 
the  social  problem  involved  in  throwing 
a  large  number  of  workers  out  of  the 
employment  which  has  long  provided 
for  them  would  be  serious.  Cotton  is 
the  money  crop  of  many  parts  of  the 
South,  as  milk  is  for  many  Northern 
dairy  sections.  Both  crops  are  some¬ 
times  produced  at  what  amounts  to  a 
business  loss,  because  they  are  the  only 
ones  which  offer  a  cash  return  for 
labor.  The  cotton  crop  this  year  seems 


THfcC  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


An  '‘Everbearing”  Apple  Tree. 

The  latest  horticultural  blast  comes  from 
Albany,  Oregon.  It  is  stated  that  an  “ever- 
bearing”  apple  tree  was  sold  for  .$600.  This 
tree  is  said  to  be  10  years  old  and  “growing 
in  a  fence  corner.”  It  is  wonderful  how 
many  of  these  “novelties”  start  in  that 
humble  place.  The  report  says  : 

“It  is  now  10  years  old,  and  for  several 
years  has  borne  ripe  fruit  from  May  to 
November  of  each  year,  having  blossoms, 
green  fruit  and  ripe  fruit  all  on  its  branches 
at  the  same  time  during  the  Summer.  The 
apples  are  of  good  quality.  The  tree  was 
bought  by  a  nursery  company,  which  is  to 
have  all  its  products  for  10  years.  The  tree 
will  bo  left  in  its  present  situation  and  the 
company  will  utilize  it  in  securing  buds  and 
scions  in  an  effort  to  propagate  the  ‘ever- 
bearing’  variety.” 

There  you  have  the  whole  business.  With¬ 
in  a  few  years  these  “everbearing”  trees  will 
be  for  sale !  Surely  the  tree  fake  schemers 
are  everbearing. 

Sowing  Grass  Seed  in  Spring. 

I  sowed  10  acres  of  good  heavy  sod  to 
rye  October  1,  and  it  looks  fine.  I  think  I 
will  sow  10  pounds  of  Alsike  and  15  pounds 
of  Timothy  per  acre,  the  best  I  can  get,  on 
this  rye  land,  in  March,  just  before  the 
snow  goes  away,  and  trust  that  the  grass 
seed  will  get  in  deep  enough  by  the  frost 
going  out.  As  soon  as  the  frost  is  out 
enough  so  the  spreader  can  be  used  I  will 
broadcast  150  pounds  of  nitrate  of  soda  per 
acre  on  the  rye  and  seed.  What  do  you 


LIFE  IN  A  NORTH  CAROLINA  COTTON  FIELD.  Fig.  471. 


to  be  disappointing.  What  with  in¬ 
creased  demand  and  the  damage  done 
by  insects  it  was  thought  prices  would 
be  higher.  As  it  is,  they  are  low  and 
unsatisfactory. 

Grafting  Good-sized  Peach  Trees. 

27.  g.  P.,  gwarthmore.  Pa. — I  have  two 
peach  trees  wit-h  stocks  about  two  inches 
in  diameter.  They  sprung  up  from  the  seed 
and  I  took  a  chance  on  the  fruit  turning 
out  to  be  of  good  quality,  but  lost.  Would 
you  advise  cutting  back  the  branches  to 
stubs  and  grafting  in  the  Spring,  or  cut¬ 
ting  them  down  and  planting  new  ones? 
The  latter  course  seems  like  murder  as  the 
trees  are  three  years  old  and  healthy. 

Ans. — The  peach  is  one  of  the  most 
difficult  of  all  fruit  trees  to  graft.  The 
young  wood  is  so  spongy  and  the  pith 
so  large  that  the  grafts  seldom  grow, 
and  when  they  do  there  is  seldom  a 
perfect  union.  About  the  only  way 
peach  grafts  may  be  made  to  grow  is, 
to  cut  the  scions  with  a  small  piece  of 
two-year-old  wood  at  its  lower  end 
and  insert  this  in  the  stock.  This  being! 
less  spongy  than  the  new  wood,  “takes”  | 
more  readily,  but  even  then  it  is  seldom 
satisfactory.  (If  all  two-year  wood  is 
used  there  will  be  no  buds  to  start 
growth.)  Inasmuch  as  a  peach  tree 
usually  comes  into  bearing  two  or  three 
years  after  planting,  it  is  seldom  profit¬ 
able  to  top-work  old  trees,  and  it  is 
always  more  satisfactory  to  plant  new 
trees.  These  should  never  be  more 
than  one  year  old.  Peaches  are  propa¬ 
gated  by  budding  rather  than  by  graft¬ 
ing  and  the  buds  are  set  in  vigorous, 
new  wood.  Buds  seldom  succeed  when 
set  in  old  wood.  w.  j.  w. 

Mrs.  Nuwed:  “Mary,  for  dinner  I 
think  we’ll  have  boiled  mutton  with 
caper  sauce.  Are  there  any  capers  in 
the  house?”  Mary:  “No,  ma’am.”  Mrs. 
Nuwed :  “Then  go  out  in  the  garden 
and  cut  some.” — Harvard  Lampoon. 


think  of  the  plan?  Before  sowing  the  rye  I 
plowed  the  sod  eight  inches  deep  and  pul¬ 
verized  it  well  and  used  one-half  ton,  of 
lime  and  500  pounds  of  $35  pertilizer,  3-8-6, 
then  sowed  the  rye,  harrowed  and  rolled. 
You  see  it  already  has  enough  acid  phos¬ 
phate  and  potash,  and  the  nitrate  will  start 
the  grass  seed  as  well  as  the  rye.  a.  b. 

Gloversville,  Pa. 

This  ought  to  give  a  fair  “catch,”  though 
we  obtain  best  results  with  Fall  seeding  or 
grass.  The  best  advice  is  to  sow  the  seed 
on  some  still  frosty  morning  when  the  upper 
surface  is  frozen  and  full  of  cracks.  The 
seed  falls  into  these  cracks  and  when  the 
soil  thaws  the  seed  is  covered.  A  light 
working  with  a  weeder  will  help  cover  the 
grass  seed  and  will  not  injure  the  grain. 

I  want  to  provide  hot  air  heat  for  a 
house  with  no  cellar,  the  furnace  to  burn 
wood  and  be  placed  either  in  an  outbuild¬ 
ing  or  on  first  floor  of  the  house.  Any 
experience  or  suggestions  from  readers  will 
be  much  appreciated.  w.  p. 

Bedford  City,  Ya. 


PRESIDENT 

GUARANTEED  WORK  SHIRTS! 

give  you  the  choice  of  a  “Best”  Work 
Shirt  at  two  prices. 

Whether  you  take  the  50c.  Regular  or  the 
$1.00  Special  President,  you  will  get  more  for 
the  money  in  real  wearing  quality  and  all  ’round 
satisfaction  than  you  ever  did  before.  Both  are 
made  from  strong,  color  tested  materials,  extra 
strongly  made— both  are  vastly  better  than  you’d 
ever  expect  to  find  them  at  the  price — both  are 
GUARANTEED,  another  shirt  for  every  one 
that  rips. 

At  your  dealer’s:  if  not,  send  us  his  name, 
your  collar  size  and  price  in  stamps  for  sample 
shirt  and  book  of  new  patterns. 

THE  PRESIDENT  SHIRT  CO. 

12  W.  Fayette  St.  Baltimore,  Md. 


for  Thrifty  Non  &YotinAffen 

CLOTHCRAFT 

QOTHESmoJ?25 

CLOTHCRAFT  Clothes 
at  $10  to  $25  are  guar¬ 
anteed  all-wool — the  one 
medium-priced  line  so  guar¬ 
anteed. 

That’s  an  important  fact  for  you  to 
know.  It  means  that  you  can  judge 
the  service  of  Clothcraft  Clothes  just 
as  certainly  as  you  can  judge  their  very 
apparent  style  and  fit — and  that  you 
get  all  you’d  expect  in  clothes  costing 
§5  to  $10  more. 

So  much  quality  at  $10  to  $25  is  the  result 
of  Clothcraft  Scientific  Tailoring,  which  im¬ 
proves  the  quality  while  cutting  down  the  cost. 
It  is  the  outgrowth  of  sixty-one  years  devoted 
solely  to  making  good  clothes  at  medium  prices. 

You  can  be  sure  of  all  these  advantages  in 
your  clothes  if  you  buy  Clothcraft  Clothes — 
and  buy  early,  while  assortments  are  good. 

Go  to  the  Nearest  Clothcraft  Store 

Be  sure  to  see  the  Clothcraft  Blue  Serge 
Special,  No.  4130,  at  $18.50.  Then  try  on  other 
Clothcraft  coats  and  overcoats,  and  see  how 
well  they  fit.  Notice  the  close-fitting  collar,  the 
shapely  shoulders,  and  the  full,  smooth  coat- 
front. 

If  you  don’t  know  a  Clothcraft  Store,  write 
us  today  for  the  address  of  the  nearest  one. 
With  it  we’ll  send  you  the  Clothcraft  Style- 
Book  for  fall  and  winter. 


THE  JOSEPH  &  FE1SS  CO. 

lie st  American  /'T'S  ,  , 

tw.  few 


Founded  1850 — Oldest  American 
Manufacturers  of 

635  St.  Clair  Avenue, 


SAVE  HALF  Your 
Paint  Bills 

By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT— proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 
Only  Paint  endorsed  by  the  “Grange.” 
Made  in  all  colors, — for  all  purposes. 
DELIVERED  FREE. 

From  the  Mill  Direct  to  You  at  Factory  Prices. 

INGERSOLL  PAINT  BOOK  — FREE 

Tells  all  about  Paint  and  Painting  fY  Durability. 
How  to  avoid  trouble  and  expense  caused  by  paint# 
fading,  chalking  and  peeling.  Valuable  information 
Wlth  Sample  Color  Cards,  Write  me.  DO 
II  NOW.  I  can  i&ve  you  money. 

0.  W.  Ingersoll,  246  Plymouth  SI.,  Brooklyn,  HY. 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE- 


^RTlLlZfc*^ 


.  .  .  MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY  .  ,  . 

‘The  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  “  Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


IDEAL  FEED  MILLS 


For  over  forty  years 
we  have  made  a 
business  of  building 
Feed  Mills,  with  the 
result  that  our  present 
tvpes  of  machines  em¬ 
body  all  good  features, 
and  are  built  with  a 
view  of  easy  opera¬ 
tion,  long  life  and  large 
capacity.  We  have 
them  for  all  classes  of 
grinding. 

Send  for  catalog. 
AlsoWindmills.  Pump  Jacks  and  Gasoline  Engines 

STOVER  MANUFACTURING  CO. 
188  Ideal  Ave„  Freeport,  111. 


I 


Here  is  the  engine  to  do  your  work.  Uses 
only  a  gallon  of  gasoline  a  day.  Pumps  all 
the  water  the  average  farm  uses,  for  a 
cent  a  day.  A  hundred  or  more  economies 
in  work  possible  when  you  have  a 

Stnrdy  Jack  2  H.  P.  Pumper 

I  Air-cooled  or  hopper-cooled. 

I  Write  for  our  four  engine  books  and  learn 
t  now  to  judge  an  engine.  Don’t  be 
fooled  with  cheap  engines  that 
have  to  be  propped  up. 

Jacobson  Machine  Mfg.  Co., 

Dept.  D,  Warron,  Pa. 


H  Beats  Them  All 
■  For  SERVICE 

Herr 
mon 
cos 
th 

A 


Here’s  tho  engine  that  will  make  the  most 
money  for  you,  because  it  does  more  work, 
costs  less  to  run,  and  costs  less  for  repairs 
than  any  other  outfit  you  could  buy.  Let 
us  prove  it  to  you  before  you  decide  oa 
any  engine.  Write  at  once  for  the 


LEFFEL  Steam 

1  Engine  Book— Free.  Tells  just  what 
you  "want  to  know  about  power 
outfits  of  every  kind.  Don’t  make 
a  mistake  in  buyingan  engine. Buy 
^  -  --*  •’  Write  for  our  free  booa 

now.  Address 

JAMES  LEFFEIi 
&  COMPANY 
Kox  261 
Springfield,  O. 


BOOK 
***  FREE 


E  ngVn'eS 


Guaranteed 


Service 


Simplest— Strongest— Salest 

Run  on  gnsolino .kerosene, din- 
tillute,  any  cheap  fuel  oil. 

Cost  less  to  operate,  develop 
more  power.  Patent  throttle 
gives  three  engines  at  price 
of  one.  Many  other  exclusive 
features. 

30  Days’  Free  Trial.’ 

Guaranteed  lOyeara.l 
Here's  your  chance  to  1 
do  away  with  help  r 
and  save  money,  time 
and  labor.  Absolutely 
the  best  eugine  for  ^ 
farm  use. 

Write  for  catalogue. 

ELLIS  ENGINE  CO. 

15  Mullet  St.,  Detroit,  Mich. 


3  to  12 
h.  p. 


GASOLINE  ENGINES 

6  Horse  Power,  $125 

SAW  WAGONS  CIRCULAR  SAWS 

PUMPING 
ENGINES 

ICE  ANO 
KAY  HOISTS 

Catalog  R 
Free 

PALMER  BROS., 

Cos  Cob,  Conn. 


MIDDLEDITCH  K£rosene 


ENGINES 


Operate  perfectly  on  common 
coal  oil,  gasoline,  distillate, 
alcohol  or  any  similar  liquid 
fuel.  Our  catalog  explains 
why  this  is  safest,  simplest, 
most  economical  and  prac¬ 
tical  power. 

Genuine  Free  Trial 

If  it  doesn’t  satisfy  you  in  J  ! 
every  way  the  trial  costs  fl  ff 
nothing.  Don’t  invest  in  any  1  *  II 
engine  until  you  get  our  \ 
proposition.  Write  for  it  now. 

THE  MIDDLEDITCH  ENGINE  CO. 

29  Meldrum  Ane.,  Detroit,  Mich. 


YOU  PAY  TWO  PRICES 

it  fr< 
io  r< 

J’  AIR  COOLED 


for  an  engine  that  freezes  up.  Think  of  paying 
$25.00  to  $75.00  to  replace  a  cracked  cylinder. 


CAN’T  FREEZE-NEVER  BALKS-IS  BUILT  RIGHT 

FARMERS- Study  tho  engine  problem.  Learn  how  a 
poor  engine  eats  up  gasoline  and  goes  to  pieces  in  a  season. 

You  need  an  engine.  Write  now  fox’  our  Catalog  No.  5. 


TkfNwWSr/Mem  Company  140 

LAKSIM G.~  UlCMlGAM.  as.  A. 


SHERIDAN  ST. 


*1160 


December  2, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


There  lias  been  a  great  run  of  ques¬ 
tions  lately,  many  of  them  being  too 
much  for  us  to  handle  alone.  I  would 
like  help  in  settling  some  of  them: 

Why  is  the  Hope  Farm  man  opposed  to 
Fall  and  Winter  plowing? 

I  am  not  opposed  to  it,  but  on  our 
farm  it  does  not  suit  our  conditions.  On 
our  steep  hills  Fall  plowing  means  wash¬ 
ing  of  the  soil  during  Fall  and  Winter. 
This  is  the  great  thing  to  avoid.  While 
the  soil  is  covered  with  a  living  crop  it 
will  not  wash  so  badly.  The  great  need 
of  our  soil  is  humus,  or  vegetable 
matter.  As  we  do  not  keep  stock,  we 
must  depend  on  green  crops  for  this 
humus.  With  Fall  plowing,  of  course, 
there  is  no  chance  for  a  cover  crop  to 
be  plowed  under  in  Spring.  It  pays  us 
better  to  keep  the  land  covered  and  get 
as  much  growth  as  possible  before  the 
middle  of  May.  There  is  also  the  old 
question  of  the  loss  of  nitrates  by 
leaching  during  Fall  and  Winter. 

On  the  side  of  Fall  plowing  we  have 
the  advantage  of  getting  the  work  done 
ahead  and  some  good  effect  upon  the 
soil.  For  example,  an  old  pasture  or 
meadow  will  often  be  full  of  wireworms 
or  grubs.  Fall  plowing  turns  them  up 
and  the  crows  and  other  birds  get  many 
of  them.  Then  the  frost  breaks  up  the 
old  roots  and  stubble.  The  frost  also 
has  a  good  effect  upon  the  soil,  though 
all  this  gain  cannot  overcome  the  loss 
through  leaching  out  nitrates.  The 
great  gain  from  Fall  plowing  is  in  get¬ 
ting  the  work  done.  Thus  when  Spring 
comes  your  corn  and  oat  ground  is 
ready  to  harrow  and  plant.  Potato 
ground  would  have  to  be  plowed  again* 
As  we  are  situated  1  would  only  plo\V 
sonic  tough  old  sod  in  the  Fall.  Every¬ 
thing  else  is  kept  covered.  In  the  far 
north  some  of  the  objection  to  Fall 
plowing  is  not  sound.  The  soil  freezes 
deep  and  stays  frozen. 

Here  is  one  that  stumps  me: 

You  speak  of  obesity  cures.  You  are 
right,  they  are  no  good.  I  have  used  a  lot 
of  them  and  am  as  stout  as  ever.  I  was 
talking  to  a  friend  to-day  about  it.  I  am 
a  farmer  and  work  hard.  I  do  all  my 
plowing  and  tending  my  crops  with  walking 
tools  and  am  a  light  eater,  but  my  flesh' 
is  becoming  a  burden  to  me.  A  friend 
says  that  a  good  many  years  ago  he 
read  in  the  Scientific  American  of  a 
man  who  cured  himself  of  obesity  by  wear¬ 
ing  a  strong  pair  of  six-hook  woman’s  cor¬ 
sets.  1  propose  to  get  a  pair  of  reducing 
corsets ;  they  have  some  kind  of  a  bandlet 
that  the  makers  claim  the  wearers  can  lace 
as  tight  as  they  like  and  not  injure  the?n- 
selves.  Have  you  or  any  of  your  readers 
had  any  experience  in  wearing  corsets  for 
the  cure  of  obesity?  Do  you  think  they 
would  help  me  any?  I  am  so  anxious  to 
get  rid  of  some  of  this  useless  flesh  that  I 
am  like  the  drowning  man,  I  grab  at  any 
thing.  G.  w.  r. 

I  am  not  competent  to  answer — never 
wore  such  an  article  and  never  was 
noted  for  any  shape.  I  am  told  that 
many  men,  particularly  army  officers, 
wear  such  an  outfit.  Very  likely  a 
strong  abdominal  band  kept  tight  would 
relieve  a  very  fat  person,  but  I  doubt  if 
a  tight  corset  would  actually  reduce  the 
flesh.  It  would  simply  squeeze  such  fat 
into  another  place;  possibly  give  a  little 
better  shape  and  give  relief  to  the 
weary  bones  and  muscles  which  must 
carry  the  weight.  I  wish  I  knew  how 
to  help  our  fat  friends.  Right  in  the 
same  mail  I  got  a  letter  from  an  old 
friend  who  says  he  is  so  thin  that  he 
can  hardly  cast  a  shadow.  He  wants  to 
know  how  to  get  fat.  Thus  it  seems 
that  fate  and  fat  have  a  cold  heart  when 
it  comes  to  distributing  their  rewards. 

This  part,  of  New  York  is  a  natural  apple 
country.  The  pastures  and  woodland  where 
the  cows  pasture  are  full  of  wild  apple  trees 
from  whips  to  trees  a  foot  or  more  In 
diameter.  Would  it  be  a  good  plan  to  take 
some  of  these  seedling  apples,  and  plant  an 
orchard,  then  after  a  year  or  moi'o  graft 
whatever  variety  one  wishes,  or  will  it  be 
better  to  buy  the  whips  from  some  nursery¬ 
man  and.  then  graft  after  they  have  a  good 
start?  Buying  from  a  nursery,  would  you 
buy  Ben  Davis  to  graft  R.  I.  Greening.  Spy, 
and  Baldwins,  or  what?  c.  j.  f. 

Where  you  find  wild  apples  growing 
freely  you  can  be  sure  you  have  a  na¬ 
tural  apple  section.  Our  experience 
in  transplanting  these  natural  seedlings 
for  top-working  has  not  been  satisfac¬ 
tory.  Top-working  the  larger  seedlings 
to  stand  where  they  grow  is  good  prac¬ 
tice  where  you  can  get  them  together 
in  something  like  regularity.  I  call  it 
a  mistake  to  graft  one  or  two  of  such 
trees  here  and  there.  It  is  a  nuisance 
to  chase  about  to  them  for  spraying, 
pruning  or  picking.  I  would  not  dig 
up  the  little  ones.  Many  of  them  are 
badly  eaten  by  borers  and  will  not  give 
you  a  well-shaped  tree.  Better  buy 
good  nursery  trees  if  you  intend  to 
start  an  orchard.  I  think  Northern  Spy 
gives  about  the  best  root  system. 

Is  it  true  that  a  standard  variety  of 
apple,  say  Grimes  Golden,  grafted  on  a  wild 
seedling,  will  prove  superior  in  color  and 
quality? 

Our  experience  is  that  this  is  some¬ 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


times  true — not  always.  You  might  dig 
up  young  seedlings,  plant  them  out,  cul¬ 
tivate  and  top-work.  I  doubt  if  you 
would,  in  such  cases,  see  any  difference. 
If,  however,  you  were  to  top-work  an 
old  seedling,  fully  established,  and  then 
let  it  alone,  except  for  feeding  and 
pruning,  I  think  the  fruit  would  be  su¬ 
perior.  I  am  not  an  expert  and  not 
prepared  to  argue  with  the  fruit  sharps, 
but  this  is  our  experience.  I  think  the 
reason  is  that  the  root  system  of  the 
old  seedling  is  best  adapted  to  give  a 
constant  and  steady  supply  of  moisture 
and  food.  That  seems  to  be  the  cause 
of  any  superiority  in  the  fruit  so  far 
as  color  and  flavor  go. 

Advertising. — A  farmer  in  a  small 
Illinois  town  with  about  75  barrels  of 
apples  wanted  to  advertise  them  in  The 
R.  N.-Y.  It  probably  would  not  have 
paid  him  to  do  so.  The  cost  of  ship¬ 
ment  would  have  made  them  too  high 
for  private  sale.  I  advised  him  to  ad¬ 
vertise  in  the  local  papers.  It  is  often 
surprising  to  see  how  many  wants  can 
be  supplied  in  this  way.  We  always  go 
to  the  local  papers  with,  such  wants. 
Not  long  ago  a  guest  lost  a  small  bag 
out  of  the  wagon  in  the  dark.  We  ad¬ 
vertised  in  a  local  paper  and  in  a  few 
hours  after  it  was  printed  a  man 
brought  the  bag.  I  was  once  on  a  local 
paper  when  a  woman  came  in  crying  to 
say  she  had  lost  her  canary  bird !  I 
was  young  and  hopeful  then,  and  told 
her  to  advertise,  though  finding  a  bird 
in  several  thousand  acres  of  air  seemed 
foolish.  The  woman  advertised  and  ac¬ 
tually  got  the  bird  back.  It  flew  into 
a  tree  some  three  blocks  away  and  a 
boy  caught  it.  We  sell  apples,  potatoes, 
eggs — anything  by  advertising.  A  black¬ 
board  in  front  of  the  farm  will  prove  a 
great  help,  but  a  small  note  in  the  local 
paper  will  surely  make  sales.  It  will 
also  help  the  paper  and  help  farming. 
The  average  newspaper  man  wants  to 
please  his  advertisers.  That  is  often 
why  the  local  papers  advocate  things 
that  are  a  positive  injury  to  farmers. 
Let  these  same  farmers  also  become 
advertisers  and  they  will  get  a  much 
better  showing  in  the  paper.  When  we 
get  parcels  post  these  local  papers  will, 
if  they  are  sharp,  make  much  of  this 
feature.  If  any  farmer  has  a  lot  of 
good  produce  which  he  can  guarantee 
my  advice  would  be  to  try  an  adver¬ 
tisement  in  the  local  paper.  Keep  it 
right  up.  Do  not  try  it  once  and  then 
quit.  You  must  hang  on  and  get  ac¬ 
quainted  with  people. 

Farm  Notes. — The  first  snow  came 
upon  us  November  14.  It  whitened  the 
ground  but  did  not  last.  The  two 
younger  redheads  never  saw  snow  and 
ice  before.  It  is  doubtful  if  they  will 
ever  again  experience  the  wonder  of 
that  first  morning  look  through  the  win¬ 
dow.  Every  tree  on  the  place  has  been 
prepared  for  Winter  by  digging  a  four- 
foot  circle  around  it,  breaking  up  the 
sod  and  stirring  the  soil  with  a  grub 
hoe.  This  is  to  keep  away  all  trash 
that  might  attract  or  harbor  the  mice. 
Then  the  borers  were  dug  out.  We 
stick  to  the  good  old  plan  of  hand  dig¬ 
ging.  I  have  tried  hot  lye.  It  works 
well  if  you  first  scrape  off  the  gum,  but 
if  you  are  to  do  that,  you  might  as 
well  go  on  and  finish  with  the  knife  or 
wire.  Later  a  mound  of  coal  ashes  or 
light  soil  will  be  put  at  the  base  of  each 
tree.  This  is  usually  all  the  protection 
we  need  against  rabbits.  The  hunters 
do  the  rest!  If  I  lived  where  there  are 
more  rabbits  I  should  put  wire  netting 
around  the  trees.  We  intended  to  spray 
with  oil  as  soon  as  the  apples  were  off, 
but  in  spite  of  several  hard  freezes  the 
trees  are  still  full  of  leaves.  They  are 
dead  and  brown,  but  they  stick  and 
cover  the  trees  so  it  would  be  impos¬ 
sible  to  spray  the  trees  thoroughly.  I 
believe  this  habit  of  carrying  the  leaves 
into  Winter  is  a  good  thing — an  indi¬ 
cation  of  vigor.  It  would  be  hard  to 
spray  anyway  now  for  high  winds  have 
prevailed  all  the  Fall.  .  .  .  Most 

of  the  corn  fodder  is  still  outside.  It 
has  been  hard  to  dry  things  out  this 
Fall,  as  heavy  rains  have  come  at  in¬ 
tervals  and  kept  the  fodder  moist.  It 
will  all  make  good  feed,  though  we  may 
have  to  use  part  of  it  to  mulch  the 
strawberries.  It  will  soon  be  time  to 
do  this — the  ideal  plan  being  to  put  on 
the  cover  when  the  soil  is  frozen  about 
two  or  three  inches  deep.  Then  you 
can  hold  the  frost  in  the  ground.  Fine 
corn  fodder  makes  a  good  mulch  ex¬ 
cept  that  it  gets  in  the  way  of  Spring 
handling  of  the  crop.  What  we  want  is 
coarse,  open  material  which  will  not 
mat  down  over  the  plants,  yet  cover  the 
soil  enough  to  prevent  it  thawing  out. 
Many  growers  have  found  to  their  cost 
that  it  does  not  pay  to  mulch  with 
leaves,  sawdust  or  fine  manure.  The 
plants  must  breathe  and  this  fine  stuff 
mats  down  over  them  and  smothers  the 
life  out  of  them.  h.  w.  c. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


$100_  Profit 

ForjEvery  $1 

THAT’S  easily  the  rate  of 
profit  you  can  make  the 
first  year  on  your  investment  in  a  Her¬ 
cules  All  Steel,  Triple  Power  Stump  Puller. 
Pull  the  stumps,  double  your  land  value, 
make  S1330.50  profit  the  first  year  and  S/50  in 
extra  crops  every  year  after  on  40  acres. 
After  your  own  work  is  done,  do  contract 
stump-pulling  for  neighbors  or  rent  your 
machine  at  a  profit.  The 


Hercules  Triple  Power 

Stump  Puller— 

guaranteed  to  pull  any  stump  or  green  tree  in  five 
minutes  or  less.  An  acre  of  stumps  a  (laj*.  Sold  on 
30  days’  free  trial.  A  3  year  guarantee— all  broken 
castings  replaced  free.  Double  rachets  insure  safety 
of  you  and  team.  Can  be  used  single,  double  and 
triple  power.  More  powerful  than  a  locomotive. 
No  stump  can  resist  the  Hercules.  Let  us  prove  it. 
“Write  now  for  our 

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with  the  Hercules.  See  real  photographs  of  stumps 
pulled.  Read  best  crops  to  plant  after  stumps  are 
out.  Note  special  low 
localities.  Mail 


Digging  asphalt  from  Trinidad  Lake 

Genasco 


the  Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt  Roofing 

Don’t  you  know  why  you 
ought  to  have  Genasco  on 
your  roof  instead  of  shin¬ 
gles,  tin,  tar,  or  ordinary 
“composition”  roofings? 

The  Good  Roof  Guide  Book  tells  all 
about  it,  and  enables  you  to  save  money 
in  the  long  run.  Write  for  it,  and  ask 
for  samples. 

The  Kant-leak  Kleet  is  another  thing 
you  ought  to  know  about.  Write  today. 

The  Barber  Asphalt 
Paving  Company 

Largest  producers  of  asphalt,  nnd  largest 
manufacturers  of  ready  roofing  in  tho  world. 

Philadelphia 

New  York  San  Francisco  Chicago 


GREAT  CROP  RESULTS 

from  the  use  of  Martin’s  Animal  Bone  and  Tankage 
Fertilizers  force  us  to  operate  a  third  factory ;  total 
capacity,  200,000  tons.  Seven  large  abattoirs  and 
stockyards  furnish  the  bulk  of  our  raw  materials. 
Agents  and  farmers  constantly  assure  us  that  our 
fertilizers  give  the  best  results  of  any  ever  tested 
and  that  they  sell  more  than  of  any  ever  handled. 
Agents  and  farmers  wanting  strictly  independent 
animal  matter  fertilizers,  with  exclusive  selling 
erritory.  should  arrange  with  us  NOW- 

D.  B.  MARTIN  CO.  bSb  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


Cross-section  Genasco  Smooth-surface  Roofing 


Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt  * 
Asphalt-saturated  Wool  Felt 
Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 


FENCE 


A/TOST  durable  fence 
IVi  made.  Heaviest  wires' 
Double  galvanized.  Stock 
strong.  Chicken  tight. 

13  to  35c  per  rod. 
Sample  free.  We  pay  freight 
The  Brown  Fence  &  Wire 
Dept.  59  Cleveland,  O 


For  Universal  Service 


The  Press  and  the  Bell  System 


The  power  of  the  individual  writer 
is  multiplied  by  the  printing  press. 
In  the  same  way  the  power  of  the 
individual  telephone  is  multiplied 
by  the  Bell  system.  In  both  cases, 
increased  usefulness  comes  from 
progress  towards  universal  service. 

By  means  of  the  press  the  knowl¬ 
edge  and  thoughts  of  writers  are 
spread  throughout  the  land,  main¬ 
taining  among  all  the  people  the 
common  language  and  the  mutual 
understanding  which  makes  for 
national  co-operation. 

By  means  of  the  Bell  system, 
each  individual  telephone  becomes 
connectable  with  every  other  tele¬ 


phone  and  each  unit  in  the  nation 
is  given  a  personal  membership  in 
the  most  highly  developed  system 
of  communication  that  the  world 
has  ever  seen. 

The  press  prepares  people  for 
co-operation ;  the  Bell  telephone 
system  enables  them  to  really  co¬ 
operate.  The  press  educates  peo¬ 
ple  separately;  the  telephone  enables 
them  to  act  upon  their  mutual 
knowledge  immediately  and  at 
any  distance. 

By  co-operation  with  telegraph 
and  cabie  systems,  universal  service 
for  communication  is  being  made 
international. 


American  Telephone  and  Telegraph  Company 
.And  Associated  Companies 

One  Policy  One  System  Universal  Service 


1011. 


1167 


“THIS  RURAt  NEW-YORKER 


Ruralisms 

MISSOURI  PLUM  NOTES. 

In  my  previous  notes  I  did  not  com¬ 
plete  the  list  of  plums  tested  here. 
There  is  one  other  native  worthy  of 
mention  and  that  is  the  Newman.  I  do 
not  know  the  origin  of  this  plum.  It  is 
not  quite  so  large  as  Wild  Goose,  but 
a  shade  larger  than  the  Milton.  Its 
chief  value  lies  in  its  late  season.  It 
begins  to  ripen  here  the  last  of  July, 
a  month  after  \V  ild  Goose,  and  runs 
all  through  August  to  September.  It  is 
an  immense  yielder,  a  fair-sized  tree, 
bearing  four  or  five  bushels.  A  good 
quality  is  their  gradual  ripening,  giving 
plenty  of  time  for  their  marketing. 
They  are  a  bright  red,  firm,  good  flavor, 
and  the  tree  has  a  tough  grain  that  will 
not  easily  break.  A  year  or  so  ago  this 
plum  was  regularly  quoted  on  the  St. 
Louis  market,  but  I  did  not  notice  it  in 
1911,  nor  do  I  see  it  listed  in  many 
nursery  catalogues. 

Gonzales. — The  Gonzales,  probably  a 
seedling  Japan,  has  done  well  here.  It 
is  of  the  largest  size,  lively  red  in  color, 
good  quality  and  small  seed.  It  is  a 
young  and  heavy  bearer  and  the  fruit 
should  be  thinned  for  real  fancy  speci¬ 
mens.  It  resists  the  rot  very  well,  but 
is  a  favorite  with  the  curculio,  which 
is  a  strange  combination,  as  the  cur¬ 
culio  is  usually  the  pioneer  of  the  rot. 
This  year  there  was  a  light  set  of  fruit, 
and  the  plums  averaged  very  large,  as 


GONZALES  PLUM.  Fig.  000. 

the  picture,  Fig.  472,  shows.  We  sold 
them  at  25  and  30  cents  per  gallon. 
When  canned  in  halves  they  look  like 
peaches,  but  later  go  to  pieces  in  the 
juice. 

Waugh. — The  Waugh  is  nearly  as 
large  as  the  Gonzales,  but  not  so  apple¬ 
shaped.  It  is  a  late  variety,  originated 
by  Mr.  Kerr,  of  Maryland,  who  sent 
me  some  o£  the  first  trees.  It  is  a 
Wayland  cross  with  a  Japanese.  It  is 
dark,  almost  purple,  very  firm  and  a 
sprightly  acid  in  flavor.  It  is  a  fine 
keeper;  tree  spreading  and  vigorous. 
Here  it  has  been  a  failure,  due  to  cur¬ 
culio  and  rot,  but  on  soil  not  so  rich 
and  stimulating,  it  would  doubtless  be 
more  resistant. 

Earliest  of  All. — I  suppose  this  is 
the  same  as  the  variety  listed  as  the 
Six  Weeks.  This  is  the  earliest  plum 
I  know  of,  and  one  of  the  most  depend¬ 
able.  It  blooms  later  than  the  rest  of 
its  class,  and  thus  escapes  frosts.  Very 
seldom  is  a  failure  recorded.  In  color 
a_  solid  red,  and  firm  fleshed.  It  will 
ripen  up  after  picking  a  little  green. 
The  quality  is  not  high,  but  still  highly 
appreciated  as  giving  the  first  taste  of 
plum  flavor  in  the  Spring.  Here  it 
begins  to  ripen  the  first  week  in  June 
with  the  Early  Harvest  blackberries  and 
the  raspberries.  It  is  almost  immune  to 
the  curculio  and  rot.  It  sells  well  in 
strawberry  boxes.  Another  quality  that 
commends  it  is  that  it  is  one  of  the 
few  freestone  plums.  It  is  the  smallest 
of  the.  Japans,  ranking  medium,  and 
ripens  its  whole  crop  quickly. 

Japanese  Plums.— Of  the  other  Jap¬ 
ans  I  have  tried,  the  Red  June  and 
Abundance  do  the  best.  The  Burbank 
and  Wickson  are  subject  to  the  rot. 
The  Red  June  is  deservedly  increasing 
in  popularity.  Gold  I  have  not  tried, 
but  it  does  well  for  a  neighbor.  It  re¬ 
sembles  the  Gonzales  in  size.  Other 
sorts  tested  here  are  the  Wayland  and 
its  relative,  the  Reed.  They  are  small 
plums,  firm,  brilliant  cherry  red,  and 
ripen  the  latest  of  all,  in '  September. 
They  are  of  value  for  preserves  and 
jelly.  The  Wayland  is  the  heavier 
bearer,  but  the  tree  breaks  to  pieces  un¬ 
der  a  crop.  The  Reed  is  tough  as  elm. 
Cape  Girardeau  Co.,  Mo.  l.  r.  Johnson. 


Chestnut  Culture  in  Ohio. 

The  two  chestnut  burrs  shown  at  Fig. 
469,  page  1151,  were  grown  by  Mr.  O.  F. 
Witte  of  Lorain  Co.,  Ohio.  No.  1  is 
Parry’s  Grant  and  No.  2  a  seedling  of 
Paragon.  This  seedling  is  rather  small, 
.but  of  very  good  flavor.  Many  of  us 
can  remember  the  “chestnut  boom”  of 
some  years  ago  when  it  was  confidently 
predicted  that  nut  culture  would  lead 
horticultural  development.  The  chestnut 
blight  has  ruined  the  culture  of  chest¬ 
nuts  along  the  Atlantic,  and  we  regret  to 
say  that,  the  disease  is  moving  west¬ 
ward.  It  will  no  doubt  continue  to 
spread,  as  the  scientists  do  not  offer 
any  great  hope  for  heading  it  off.  Mr. 
Witte’s  letter  follows : 

I  wish  to  tell  you  something  about  my 
success  in  raising  chestnuts  which  I  saw 
advertised  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  about  11  years 
ago.  I  bought  six  trees,  of  which  only  one 
lived,  the  Ridgley.  I  grafted  on  our  natives. 
I  cut  down  some  large  trees  and  let  the 
stumps  sprout,  and  they  made  fine  trees, 
and  I  cut  the  tops  out  of  some  and  grafted 
on  them.  All  did  well ;  I  have  about  60 
trees  in  bearing ;  all  sizes,  from  two  to  20 
feet  high.  The  Ridgley  and  Paragon  are 
the  best,  but  I  have  four  seedlings  which 
differ  from  all  others.  They  bear  very 
young ;  one  in  particular  bore  when  only 
two  years  old  ;  it  is  now  five  and  is  loaded 
with  large  burs  with  from  four  to  six  and 
seven  in  each  bur ;  good  size  nuts.  It  is  a 
most  wonderful  tree.  No  money  will  buy  it. 
I  sell  the  nuts  at  16  cents  per  pound.  I 
blame  your  paper  for  all  this. 

I  also  have  the  largest  English  walnut 
trees  in  this  State,  30  years  old  ;  the  nut  I 
planted  came  from  Germany.  It  is  as  hardy 
as  an  oak,  and  has  borne  nuts  from  10 
years  on.  They  are  very  large  nuts  and  fine 
quality.  I  graft  them  on  the  Black  wal¬ 
nut  ;  they  bear  much  earlier  than  on  their 
own  root. 


Chinese  Water  Gardens. 

Mr.  C.  V.  Piper,  who  is  traveling  as  ah 
agricultural  explorer  of  the  Bureau  of 
Plant  Introduction,  gives  the  following  de¬ 
scription  of  the  water  gardens  around  Can¬ 
ton.  which  show  the  remarkable  way  in 
which  the  Chinese  utilize  their  swamp  land  : 

“At  the  western  end  of  the  city  of  Canton 
is  an  extensive  area  of  flat  swamp  lands 
which  have  been  utilized  by  the  Chinese  in  a 
highly  developed  system  of  water  gardens. 
The  land  has  been  divided  in  small  paddies 
of  an  acre  or  so,  usually  less,  each  sur¬ 
rounded  by  a  dyke.  These  paddies  are  al¬ 
ways  covered  with  water  usually  one  or  two 
feet  deep.  Several  different  crops  are  grown 
in  regular  rotation,  namely,  lotus  (Nelum- 
bium  speciosum),  Chekoo  (Sagittaria  chinen- 
sis,  a  species  of  arrowhead),  Kausun 
( Zizania,  or  wild  rice),  water  chestnut 
(Eleocharis  tuberosa),  and  Lingkok  (Trapa 
bicornis),  Another  crop  also  occurs,  Ong- 
chog  (Ipomoea  reptans),  but  this,  as  I  un¬ 
derstand,  does  not  enter  into  rotation,  whole 
paddies  or  parts  of  them  being  devoted  con¬ 
stantly  to  this  plant.  At  the  present  season 
(July  10)  the  principal  crops  are  lotus  and 
Trapa,  but  these  are  being  harvested  and  in 
a  few  cases  the  harvest  completed.  At  the 
edge  of  most  paddies  is  a  row  of  Kausun  or 
of  Sagittaria.  or  both,  to  be  used  as  “seed.” 
As  soon  as  the  lotus  is  harvested  the  paddy 
is  planted  to  Kausun.  The  seed  plants  of 
this  are  now  about  six  feet  out  of  the  water. 
In  transplanting  this  is  cut  off  to  two  or 
three  feet,  the  tufts  separated  into  parts  of 
about  three  culms  each,  and  planted  in  rows 
four  feet  wide,  the  plants  about  two  feet 
apart  in  the  rows.  One  mother  plant  I  had 
dug  up  had  a  single  stolon  two  feet  long 
about  as  large  as  a  lead  pencil,  the  joints 
two  to  three  inches  long.  From  the  crop 
now  being  planted  the  crop  will  be  obtained 
in  about  two  months. 

“Trapa  is  planted  from  the  seeds  in  the 
Spring ;  water  chestnuts  from  the  conns  in 
the  Fall,  and  Sagittaria  from  the  roots  also 
in  the  Fall.  Lotus  yield  both  a  crop  of 
root-stocks,  resembling  a  string  of  large 
sausages,  and  the  pods,  both  of  which  are 
now  in  the  market  in  abundance.  Another 
variety  is  grown  only  for  the  dowers.  This 
information  is^the  best  I  could  get  except  in 
the  case  af  Kausun  of  which  I  saw  new 
paddies  just  planted.  Most  of  the  Kausun 
planting  will  be  in  about  two  weeks. 

“The  dykes  between  the  paddies  are  often 
planted  to  trees,  especially  loongan  and 
leitchee.  On  the  edges  of  the  dvkes  one 
frequently  sees  taro  (Colocasia).  The 
Fhinese  all  say  the  Kausun  does  not  pro¬ 
duce  seed,  which  is  probably  true  as  they 
cultivate  it. 

“Besides  these  crops  the  Chinese  secure 
an  abundance  of  snails  and  frogs  from  the 
paddies.  In  some  there  are  fish  also,  but 
the  fish  ponds  are  usually  separate,  as  are 
the  duck  ponds.  On  the  surface  of  the  pad¬ 
dies  is  a  solid  mat  of  Azolla  and  two 
species  of  Lemna,  which  are  gathered  in 
great  baskets  as  food  for  ducks  and  fishes. 
The  water  and  mud  of  the  ponds  smell 
vilely,  due  no  doubt  to  fertilizers.  The 
gardens  are  excellently  kept  and  no  doubt 
are  very  profitable.  It  certainly  is  a  won¬ 
derful  way  of  utilizing  what  otherwise 
would  be  waste  land,  and  indicates  one 
method  we  might  copy  in  utilizing  some  of 
our  swamp  area.  Indeed,  it  seems  to  me  a 
swamp  experiment  station  would  be  well 
worth  while  even  now.  I  saw  no  mosquitoes 
and  they  are  said  not  to  be  bad.  due  no 
doubt  to  the  fishes  in  the  ponds  at  least  in 
part.  None  of  the  Europeans  I  asked  had 
ever  eaten  Kausun.  but  the  Chinese  hold  it 
in  high  esteem.  I  can  give  no  estimate  of 
the  area  grown,  but  if  all  thei  lotus  is  suc¬ 
ceeded  by  Kausun  it  is  very  extensive. 
This  information  I  think  accurate  in  a  gen¬ 
eral  way  only,  as  one  would  have  to  ob¬ 
serve  the  gardens  a  whole  year  to  get  them 
accurate.  My  brief  experience  indicates 
what  so  many  others  have  said,  that  no 
two  Chinese  toll  quite  the  same  story.” 


I  grow  no  lettuce  plants  but  the  Grand 
Rapids  Forcing  variety,  and  find  greater 
demand  for  it  than  for  any  other  kind 
grown,  which  makes  a  large  loose  head ; 
it  is  a  fine  and  rapid  seller. 

Indiana.  c.  e.  fields. 


Make  s  o  m  e  b  o  dy 
happy  with  a 

KODAK 

There  are  Kodaks  to  fit  most 
pockets  at  prices  to  fit  all  purses. 

And  there’s  no  time  when  the 
possession  of  one  is  more  appre¬ 
ciated  than  on  the  home  day — 
Christmas.  The  children  with 
their  tree  and  toys,  and  the  big 
folks,  grown  young  again  in  the 
children’s  merriment,  offer  end¬ 
less  opportunities  for  the 
Kodaker.  f 

Photography  is  both  simple  and 
inexpensive  now;  Kodak  has  made  it 
so.  Kodak  cameras  from, $5.00  up, 
and  the  Brownie  cameras  (They 
work  like  Kodaks)  from  $1.00  to 
$12.00,  offer  a  wide  variety.  Even 
the  little  dollar  Brownie  makes  good 
pictures  and  is  so  simple  that  a 
kindergarten  child  can  work  it.  The 
$2. 00  and  $3.00  Brownies  are  practical 
little  cameras,  while  in  the  Kodaks 
themselves,  one  may  find  that 
efficiency  which  comes  in  a  perfectly 
equipped  factory,  where  honest  work¬ 
manship  has  become  a  ha  N :. 

Put  “Kodak”  on  that  Christmas 
List.  To  decide  on  which  Kodak  or 
Brownie,  write  us  for  catalogue,  or 
examine  them  at  your  dealers. 

EASTMAN  KODAK  CO., 

387  State  St.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 


LOOMIS  CORN  HUSKER 


Run  by  3  H.  P 

Husk  25  bushels 
an  hour. 

Price  on  application 

L.  R.  LOOMIS, 

Claverack,  N.  Y. 


WnEN  you  write  advertisers  mention  Tiib 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

KtTSELMAN  FENCE 

a  Sold  direct  to  you  at  factory 
r  prices  on  30  days  trial.  Save 
the  dealers  prolit.  Farm,  Hog 
and  Poultry  Fence  at  from 

1  1 54  CENTS  A  ROD  UP. 

All  wires  are  heavily  galvanised 
80  rod  spool  of  Ideal  galvanized 
Barbed  Wire  $1.40.  Write 
to-day  for  large  free  Catalog  showing 
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Box  230  KITSELMAN  BROS.  MiJNCIE,  IN0. 


LET  US  REFER  YOU  TO  A 
DEYO  USER  NEAR  YOU 

A/TOST  of  our  sales  of  DEYO  POWER 
SPRAYERS  are  made  by  our  cus¬ 
tomers.  Our  guarantee  is  to  replace  any 
part  which  wears  out  or  is  broken  within 
one  year,  no  matter  what  it  is  or  how  it 
happens. 

Write  to-day  for  Bulletin  4-C 

DEYO-MACEY  ENGINE  CO. 
BINGHAMTON,  N.  'ST. 


San  Jose  Scale  Killer 

KIL-O-SCALE  is  the  most  reliable  rem¬ 
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Henry  A.  Dreer,  Philadelphia, Pa. 


Bigger  /Fruit.  Profits 

Here  is  a  spray  pump  invented 
by  fruit  growers.  It  was  our 
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spray  pump  to  use  on  our 
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ECLIPSE 

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It  overcomes  every  defect  found 
in  other  makes— It  has  proved  it¬ 
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you  should  do  it  with  an  Eclipse. 
It’s  free.  Write  to-day.  , 

MORRILL  $  MORLEY  MFC.  CO.,  Bonton  Harbor.  Mich, 


You  get  all  the  high-efficiency  of  the 
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POWER  SPRAYER 


High-Pressure,  Large  Capacity,  Light  Weight,  Low  Center  of  Gravity 

Write  to-day  for  our  new  catalog,  sent  free.  Fine  big 
illustrations,  full  descriptions  and  price-lists  of  our  complete  litie  of 
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THE  BEAN  SPRAY  PUMP  CO.  115  Front  St.,  BEREA,  OHIO 


WESTERN  FACTORY,  SAN  JOSE,  CALIFORNIA 


The  Experiment  Station  men  are  anxious  to  discuss  the  questions  of  most  value 
to  the  people  along  the  routes.  Ask  them  to  bring  along  an  exhibit  of  fertilizer 
materials  and  to  tell  you  how  to  get  the  most  plant-food  for  your  money. 

Recently  one  train  gave  demonstrations  of  actual  fertilizer  mixing.  Soon  many 
will  do  so.  Take  your  fertilizer  dealer  to  these  trains.  Ask  him  to  sell  Potash 
3alts  and  brands  containing  six  to  ten  per  cent.  Potash. 

We  shall  be  glad  to  send  you,  free,  pamphlets  prepared  by  the  best  practical 
authorities  on  fertilizers  for  various  crops  and  soils.  Write  today,  mentioning 
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GERMAN  KALI  WORKS,  Inc. 

Continental  Building,  Baltimore  Monndnock  Block.  Chicago 

93  Nassau  Street,  New  York 


H6a 


THE  RURAL*  NEW-YORKER 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

TEE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  lor  Country  and  Suburban  Home* 

Established  fSSO 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing;  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 
Hekberx  W.  Colling  wood,  President  and  Editor. 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wjl  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Royle,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 
To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union.  $2.61.  equal  to  8s.  6d.,  or 
8J4  marks,  or  10J4  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  CO  cents  per  agate  line — 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  us  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  hacked  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjnst  trifling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  bo 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  xaentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  30  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 

known  to  neighbors  and  friends, 

* 

Who  knows  just  how  Maine  voted  on  the  Prohibi¬ 
tion  question?  Some  of  the  daily  papers  have  triec} 
to  convey  the  impression  that  the  State  voted  in 
favor  of  liquor  selling.  We  have  asked  the  Secretary 
of  State  for  the  true  figures.  Here  they  arc: 

In  favor  of  annulling  the  prohibitory  amendment-.  60,095 
Against  annulling  the  prohibitory  amendment. .  60,852 

The  above  figures  show  that  the  people  voted  to  keep 
the  prohibitory  law  in  the  constitution  by  a  plurality  of 
758.  Cyrus  v/.  davis.  Secy. 

Thus  Maine  stays  dry. 

* 

Recent  advances  in  potato  prices  at  New  York  have 
called  out  fairly  large  shipments  from  Europe,  about 
90,000  bushels  in  the  last  two  weeks.  The  foreign 
crop  is  larger  than  was  expected,  that  of  Germany 
alone,  owing  to  late  rains,  being  nearly  40,000,000 
bushels  in  excess  of  early  estimates.  A  large  pro¬ 
portion  of  the  foreign  stock  received  recently  has 
been  from  Ireland,  the  highest  price  noted  for  these 
being  $2.75  per  168-pound  bag.  Choice  domestic  are 
selling  at  New  York  now  for  upwards  of  $1  per 
bushel.  A  few  Bermuda  potatoes  have  arrived,  bring¬ 
ing  $6  to  $8  per  barrel.  These  naturally  go  to  a  spe¬ 
cial  class  of  trade  at  present,  but  a  little  later,  when 
the  price  drops  to  $5,  they  will  cut  into  the  regular 
trade,  as  many  people,  especially  fond  of  new  pota¬ 
toes,  will  pay  the  extra  price  for  Bermudas. 

* 

Some  of  the  daily  papers  are  really  talking  favorably 
about  parcels  post.  Do  they  mean  business,  or  are  they 
merely  soft-soaping  the  public  in  order  to  delay  the  time 
when  a  great  issue  must  be  met  face  to  face  and  disposed 
of  right?  G.  w.  d. 

We  think  they  have  begun  to  realize  that  par¬ 
cels  post  is  a  popular  issue.  President  Taft  has 
promised  to  advocate  a  trial  of  the  plan,  and  both 
parties  in  Congress  will  try  to  obtain  credit  for  the 
work.  What  is  proposed  is  a  trial  of  package  dis¬ 
tribution  on  rural  routes.  Anyone  can  see  that  this 
is  mere  child’s  play  compared  with  what  the  people 
need  The  excellent  article  by  Mr.  Smith  on  page  1130 
puts  the  proposition  in  business-like  form.  We  ex¬ 
pect  to  see  a  trial  of  the  plan  within  a  year.  We 
feel  sure  that  any  trial  will  meet  with  such  response 
that  the  government  will  be  forced  to  extend  the  sys¬ 
tem  all  over  the  country.  Now  is  the  time  to  start  the 

old  campaign  harder  than  ever. 

* 

The  Agricultural  Department  is  doing  fine  work  in 
testing  seeds.  They  accept  samples  of  seeds  from 
buyers  or  seedsmen  and  identify  weed  seeds  or  adul¬ 
terants,  and  also  give  a  test  for  germination-  There 
are  laboratories  at  Washington,  Baton  Rogue,  La., 
Berkeley,  Cal.,  Corvallis,  Ore.,  Columbia,  Mo.,  and  La 
Fayette,  Ind.,  where  seeds  may  be  forwarded.  No 
charge  is  made  for  testing  and  farmers  ought  to 
make  great  use  of  this  service.  There  is  greater  need 
of  it  this  year  than  ever  before.  Several  kinds  of 
seeds  are  very  short.  The  drought  prevented  a  full 
crop,  and  prices  for  pure  strong  seed  must  run  high. 
A  number  of  fake  seedsmen  seem  to  be  preparing  for 
this  by  mixing  dead  or  doubtful  seed  in  with  the 
good.  They  know  just  what  they  are  up  to.  They 
know  the  stuff  will  not  grow,  but  they  will  get  their 
price  and  then  fall  back  upon  their  “warrant” — or 
lack  of  one.  Take  it  from  us,  if  anyone  offers  you 
cabbage,  celery,  carrot  or  root  seeds  at  a  low  figure 
— let  them  alone.  They  -  cannot  sell  live  seed  this 
year  at  low  prices.  At  any  rate,  before  you  risk  your 
crop  this  year  with  any  such  trash  send  it  to  the 
Government  laboratories  for  testing.  The  tip  this 
year  is  to  order  seed  early  and  patronize  only  the 
most  reliable  firm  you  can  find. 


Our  farm  is  a  city  lot  60x150  feet,  and  our  live  stock 
consists  of  two  cats  and  numerous  robins,  bluebirds  and 
sparrows,  but  if  there  is  anyone  who  gets  more  comforts 
and  laughs  out  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  than  myself  and  wife  just 
trot  them  out.  G.  B. 

New  York. 

The  invitation  to  “trot  out”  is  extended  to  all. 
“Comforts  and  laughs”  are  great  assets  in  this  world, 
for  they  represent  that  peace  and  contentment  which 
is  all  that  life  has  to  offer.  The  great  majority  of 
kings  have  little  to  make  them  merry.  A  laugh  from 
them  would  scare  the  children.  We  have  heard  a  lot 
about  spreading  the  bacteria  which  enable  plants  to 
gain  nitrogen.  They  are  not  half  so  valuable  to  so¬ 
ciety  as  the  germs  of  comfort  and  laughter.  We 
would  rather  help  carry  them  into  lonely  farm  homes 
than  to  be  known  as  some  great  scientific  discoverer 
or  some  political  leader. 

* 

HIGH  FARMING  AND  LOW  PRICES. 

Prof.  Holden  of  Iowa  recently  told  a  New  York 
audience  how  to  lower  the  cost  of  living.  The  news¬ 
papers  say  it  was  a  group  of  “bankers,  railroad  men, 
brewers  and  manufacturers.”  Of  course  Prof.  Holden 
pointed  out  the  35-cent  dollar  and  showed  where  the 
65  cents  go  to !  Of  course  the  railroad  men  and  others 
agreed  to  chip  in  a  few  cents  each  so  as  to  raise  the 
35  cents  to  50 !  Not  in  a  thousand  years !  Prof.  Hol¬ 
den  had  nothing  to  offer  except  a  scheme  for  raising 
twice  as  much  corn  and  thus  of  course  reducing  the 
price.  He  said  Iowa  in  a  banner  year  grew  340,000,000 
bushels.  The  price  fell  to  38  cents.  Next  year  the 
crop  was  270,000,000  and  the  price  rose  to  55.  On  this 
figuring  if  you  grew  500,000,000  the  price  goes  to  20 
cents!  The  audience  thought  that  was  “fine.”  It 
would  take  the  cost  of  living  “out  of  politics.”  That 
would  also  be  “fine,”  for  we  could  all  go  on  fighting 
scarecrows  and  dead  issues.  Not  one  of  them  seemed 
to  have  any  thought  of  the  farmer’s  welfare.  In  that 
“banner”  38-cent  year  Iowa  farmers  got  $129,000,000 
for  their  corn.  In  the  55-cent  year  they  got  $148,000,- 
000.  In  a  20-cent  year  the  income  would  be  $100,000,000. 
So  much  for  the  farmer — what  of  the  railroads?  They 
charge  as  much  for  carrying  a  20-cent  bushel  as  for 
one  that  costs  a  dollar.  When  the  brewer  gets  grain 
at  half  price  he  charges  as  much  as  before  for  his 
beer !  Is  it  any  wonder  these  gentlemen  want  the  corn 
crop  doubled?  Do  they  know  nothing  of  history? 
When  the  West  was  newer  and  population  smaller, 
so  much  corn  was  raised  that  it  could  hardly  be  given 
away.  Tons  of  it  were  burned  as  fuel.  A  few  years 
ago  the  potato  crop  was  so  large  that  many  farmers 
sold  at  15  cents  a  bushel.  According  to  Prof.  Holden’s 
argument  these  should  have  been  glorious  times  for 
both  producer  and  consumer.  In  fact  they  were  years 
of  misery  for  farmers  and  “hard  times”  for  work¬ 
men.  While  grain  or  potatoes  were  rotting  for  lack 
of  a  fair  price  the  middlemen  were  still  holding  up 
the  consumer.  Farmers  could  not  buy,  since  they  were 
paid  little  or  nothing  for  what  they  raised.  Thus  man¬ 
ufacturing  was  slack  and  there  was  less  labor.  Sup¬ 
pose  we  apply  Prof.  Holden’s  theory  to  the  business 
of  his  audience!  Double  the  lines  of  railroads  and 
cut  rates  in  two.  Double  the  output  of  shoes,  cloth¬ 
ing,  tools,  hardware  and  other  things  which  farmers 
buy  as  well  as  what  they  sell.  One  is  as  fair  as  the 
other,  yet  would  that  audience  have  called  it  “fine?” 
Not  in  a  thousand  years!  Years  ago  Sir  John  B. 
Lawes  laid  down  this  truth :  “High  farming  can  never 
be  a  remedy  for  low  prices!”  Besides  this  the  pretty 
scheme  for  doubling  crops  without  giving  farmers  a 
fairer  share  is  like  the  pleasant  babble  of  a  Summer 
brook.  The  R.  N.-Y.  does  not  oppose  progress  or 
improvement  in  farming.  We  hope  we  have  done  our 
share  to  help  farming  education.  What  we  want  to 
know  is  why  our  scientific  men  lack  the  vision  or  the 
courage  to  stand  up  and  tell  the  railroad  men,  the 
brewers  and  others  the  plain,  bald  truth  about  the 
farmer’s  share  of  the  dollar  1  Increase  that  share  and 
the  increase  in  crops  will  soon  take  care  of  itself. 

* 

The  National  Grange  had  a  fierce  struggle  at  Co¬ 
lumbus,  O.  As  we  predicted,  the  delegates  divided 
into  three  factions.  The  old,  hidebound  element  sup¬ 
ported  the  present  Master  for  re-clection.  The  “in¬ 
surgents”  bitterly  opposed  him.  The  “middle-of-the- 
road”  faction  ought  to  have  controlled  the  situation, 
but  most  of  them  apparently  wanted  office,  and  their 
influence  was  weakened.  For  six  days  little  was 
done  except  to  pull  wires  for  various  “slates.”  An 
effort.was  made  to  stampede  the  meeting  for  the 
present  Master.  It  failed,  and  the  old  ring  saw 
they  were  beaten,  yet  they  were  able  to  influence  the 
election  to  some  extent.  Oliver  Wilson,  of  Illinois, 
was  elected  Master — a  good  man  who  will,  we  be¬ 
lieve,  give  the  Grange  a  fair  administration.  While 
not  all  that  we  hoped  for,  the  outcome  is  a  distinct 
gain,  and  we  believe  that  the  Grange  will  regain  its 
power  and  usefulness. 


December  2, 

An  Albany,  N.  Y.,  paper  gives  the  following  state¬ 
ment  of  the  cost  of  a  Thanksgiving  dinner  for  a  fair¬ 
sized  family: 


Turkey  .  $2.50 

Cranberries  . . 

Potatoes  . 40 

Celery  . . 

Pumpkin  Pie  . 15 

Bread,  salt,  sugar,  dressing,  etc .  1.00 

Mixed  nuts  . . .  , « , « « •  •  •  •  -15 


Total .  $4.60 


This  does  not  include  the  fuel  or  the  cook’s  time, 
but  is  based  on  retail  prices  for  a  10-pound  bird  and 
plain  “fixings.”  Our  people  at  the  farm  would  want 
three  more  vegetables  and  a  choice  of  many  fruits. 
There  are  two  ways  of  looking  at  these  figures.  Even 
when  a  farmer  must  substitute  a  big  rooster  for  a 
turkey  he  is  a  high  liver  if  you  accept  the  consumer’s 
prices.  On  the  other  hand,  if  you  take  net  returns  for 
turkeys,  vegetables  and  grain  as  they  left  the  farmer’s 
hands,  it  is  doubtful  if  he  received  $1.75  as  his  share 
of  the  cost  of  this  dinner  ! 

* 

It  is  hard  for  Americans  to  obtain  a  clear  idea  of 
the  so-called  rebellion  in  China.  Most  of  us  favor, 
on  general  principles,  any  effort  on  the  part  of  a  peo¬ 
ple  to  get  closer  to  a  democratic  form  of  govern¬ 
ment.  The  Chinese  people  have  been  slow  to  move. 
One  reason  for  this  is  the  fact  that  a  large  share  of 
the  population  must  spend  practically  all  their  ener¬ 
gies  in  earning  an  ordinary  supply  of  food.  Popula¬ 
tion  is  dense,  and  land  is  worked  to  the  limit  of  pro¬ 
duction,  yet  in  many  provinces  thousands  are  but 
half  fed.  Whenever  the  farmers  of  a  country  or  a 
section  must  spend  their  strength  in  barely  earning  the 
necessities  of  life  they  cannot  be  expected  to  take  the 
deepest  interest  in  large  social  or  political  matters. 
How  can  they,  when  the  bare  question  of  living  ab¬ 
sorbs  all  their  effort?  Those  who  make  the  profit  by 
handling  what  such  farmers  produce  are  the  ones 
who  make  the  laws  and  think  out  schemes  for  ad¬ 
vancement.  The  65-cent  dollar  will  ever  control  its 
35-cent  companion.  Whenever  a  man  goes  out  to 
work  earnestly  at  developing  a  rural  church  or  im¬ 
proving  country  life,  he  quickly  becomes  convinced 
that  such  development  is  really  based  on  business 
improvement — a  fairer  share  of  what  the  farmer  pro¬ 
duces.  You  must  get  more  cash  into  country  com¬ 
munities  if  you  wish  to  make  them  take  a  larger 
share  in  public  matters. 

* 

Now  it  is  the  American  Potash  Company  offering 
stock  in  a  scheme  to  develop  “potash  ore”  in  Wyom¬ 
ing.  This  is  as  plausible  a  scheme  as  the  promoters 
have  worked  in  years.  All  know  that  this  country 
must  obtain  its  agricultural  potash  in  Germany.  That 
makes  the  demand  sure.  No  one  can  deny  that  the 
rocks  of  the  Leusite  hills  in  Wyoming  contain  in 
some  parts  as  high  as  11  per  cent,  of  potash.  Rocks 
even  higher  in  potash  also  exist  in  New  England, 
New  York  and  other  Eastern  States.  It  is  there¬ 
fore  a  shrewd  plan  for  the  promoters  of  this  com¬ 
pany  to  offer  shares  in  a  scheme  for  mining  this  ma¬ 
terial.  The  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  has  known  for 
years  all  about  this  potash.  Had  there  been  any 
practical  way  of  making  it  available  we  should  have 
had  it  in  operation  long  ago.  The  Survey  clearly 
says : 

But  the  potash  of  these  rocks,  even  when  thus  finely 
ground,  has  been  generally  supposed  to  be  tightly  locked 
up,  being  practically  insoluble  by  any  known  cheap,  com¬ 
mercial  process. 

In  New  England  experiments  have  been  tried  with 
treating  ground  potash  rock  with  electricity.  Wc 
think  something  will  come  from  this,  but  cheap  elec¬ 
tric  power  will  be  needed.  We  can  see  nothing  in 
sight  to  justify  an  investment  in  this  Western  scheme. 
It  looks  to  us  as  if  money  put  into  it  would  be  tied 
up  tighter  than  the  potash  is  tied  in  that  rock. 


BREVITIES. 

Chestnut  culture  in  the  East  is  certainly  becoming  a 
“chestnut.” 

Perhaps  the  clearest  evidence  of  mossback  poultry 
keeping  is  wintering  a  lot  of  worthless  surplus  roosters. 
Eat  ’em  up! 

The  crop  of  dodder  found  In  Alfalfa  is  coming  in  for 
identification.  There  must  have  been  a  fearful  dose  of  it 
in  last  year’s  Alfalfa  seeding. 

Read  Mr.  Hartman’s  story  of  a  Florida  farm  day, 
page  1159.  We  hope  to  have  many  such  from  the  South  this 
Winter,  running  ahead  of  the  work  at  the  North. 

Get  the  hen  manure  ready  for  next  Spring’s  business. 
About  the  simplest  way  is  to  keep  this  manure  dusted 
with  plaster  day  by  day,  or  as  taken  up.  Keep  it  in  a 
dry  place.  Next  Spring  you  can  crush  it  and  mix  with 
chemicals. 

Speaking  of  “progress,”  for  years  the  river  Nile  has 
been  full  of  a  compact  growth  of  weeds  called  “sudd.” 
It  was  so  thick  as  to  be  a  menace  to  navigation.  Now 
this  “sudd”  is  to  be  dug  up,  dried  aud  pressed  into 
briquettes  and  used  as  coal.  Thus  the  very  thing  which 
held  these  steamers  back  will  be  used  to  propel  them ! 


V 


lull. 


1 169V 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

Woman’s  League  Sued  for  $436. 

The  Woman’s  League,  organized  by  E. 
G.  Lewis,  was  sued  yesterday  by  the  R. 
Wallace  and  Sons  Manufacturing  Company 
for  $436.77,  which  is  alleged  to  be  due  for 
souvenir  spoons.  Five  hundred  solid  silver 
spoons  were  bought  at  $591.67  and  912 
silver-plated  spoons  at  $295.10.  About 
$450  has  been  paid  on  the  bill. — St.  Louis 
Republic. 

The  humor  of  this  League  farce  can 
probably  be  appreciated  by  everyone  ex¬ 
cept  the  victims ;  and  they  at  last  begin 
to  realize  the  deception  played  on  them 
by  Lewis.  When  this  League  was  or¬ 
ganized  Lewis  told  the  women  that  it 
would  have  no  debts.  He  admits  now 
under  oath  that  the  object  was  to  induce 
the  women  to  become  subscription 
agents  for  his  papers.  But  they  were 
told  that  a  membership  costing  them 
$52  each  would  be  worth  $1,000,  and 
that  the  first  100,000  members  would 
receive  an  income  of  $20  to  $30  an¬ 
nually  for  life  from  a  special  endow¬ 
ment  which  he  would  personally  do¬ 
nate  to  the  League.  He  told  them  that 
the  League  would  have  a  permanent  en¬ 
dowment  of  $26,000,000,  with  a  yearly 
income  of  $3,800,000,  and  that  the  ben¬ 
efits  to  each  member  would  be  the  same 
no  matter  whether  the  total  membership 
should  reach  the  limit  or  not. 

Under  the  representation  by  Lewis 
that  he  was  effecting  a  great  organiza¬ 
tion  for  women  with  millions  of  endow¬ 
ments,  and  untold  benefits,  these  women 
were  induced  to  put  up  nearly  $2,000,000 
for  membership,  paying  $52  each.  Later 
on  the  membership  was  increased  to 
$100,  but  in  the  meantime  Lewis  had 
promised  the  first  100,000  members  an 
endowment  which  would  pay  them  $20 
to  $30  annually  for  life.  Then  when 
he  had  won  their  confidence  through 
some  correspondence  lessons,  and  other 
feeble  attempts  to  make  a  showing  of 
filling  his  promises  to  them,  he  sprung 
his  gigantic  debenture  scheme,  and  not 
only  got  possession  of  papers  showing 
his  obligations  and  possibly  criminal 
records,  but  also  collected  more  new 
money  on  them  besides.  One  of  the 
counts  in  his  indictment  was  based  on 
the  alleged  misuse  of  these  funds. 

The  women  at  last  begin  to  see  that 
Mr.  Lewis  does  not  take  them  into  his 
confidence,  and  that  they  have  been 
misled  not  only  in  regard  to  financial 
affairs,  but  also  in  regard  to  the  Gov¬ 
ernment  officials  and  others  who  have 
sought  to  protect  them  from  imposition 
and  fraud.  It  has  been  repeatedly  stated 
that  Lewis  sold  worthless  stocks  and 
bonds  and  certificates  to  poor  old  men, 
widows,  old  ministers,  washerwomen, 
and  working  people  generally.  This  re¬ 
ferred  in  no  way  to  members  of  the 
League,  except  that  such  individual  vic¬ 
tims  of  his  greed  may  be  members.  Yet 
Mr.  Lewis  tells  them  that  they  are  all 
called  widows  and  washerwomen,  and 
dupes  and  imbeciles.  Now  they  begin 
to  see  that  the  appellation  was  applied 
to  them  by  Lewis  himself  and  by  no  one 
else.  The  terms  were  never  used,  ex¬ 
cept  by  Lewis,  as  a  reproach  to  anyone. 
It  is  no  discredit  to  be  old,  or  a  widow, 
or  a  retired  minister.  It  is  a  credit  to 
be  an  honest  washerwoman.  The  only 
discredit  comes  from  enticing  the  earn¬ 
ings  of  such  people  from  them  under 
promises  of  big  profits,  and  then  giving 
them  nothing  of  value  in  return  for  it. 
We  knew  how  the  women  of  the  country 
would  feel  about  these  matters  when 
they  once  understood  them,  and  we 
have  some  notion  of  their  embarrassment 
in  finding  that  the  League  with  which 
their  names  are  connected  is  unable  or 
unwilling  to  meet  its  obligations. 


A  DAY  ON  A  SO.  FLORIDA  TRUCK  FARM. 

Saturday.  November  11. — At  4.20 — cen¬ 
tral  time — the  quick  rattle  of  the  clock  an¬ 
nounces  the  approach  of  another  busy  day. 
November  is  planting  time  for  the  'South 
Florida  trucker,  and  calls  for  such  activitie* 
as  are  demanded  of  the  Northern  trucker  in 
April  or  May.  In  response  to  the  summons 
I  rise  and  dress,  go  to  the  kitchen,  get  the 
oil-stove  going  and  put  the  kettle  on.  By 
this  time  the  Madam  appears  and  takes 
charge.  I  mount  my  bicycle  as  usual,  run 
down  the  smooth  rock  road  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  to  the  farm  to  feed  .Tack  and  Tom.  the 
mules.  They  have  not  yet  come  in,  so  I  am 
obliged  to  go  out  into  the  pasture  and  in¬ 
vite  them  to  breakfast.  They  are  given 
grain  and  tied  up,  so  they  will  be  at  hand 
when  wanted  for  work.  I  return  to  the 
house  by  five  o’clock,  find  breakfast  readv 
and  myself  ready  for  breakfast.  Bv  the 
time  breakfast  is  finished,  it  lacks  but  a 
few  minutes  of  5.30,  the  time  to  begin  work. 
I  mount  my  wheel  and  those  few  minutes 
are  ample  again  to  reach  the  farm.  As  I 
ride  I  note  that  the  sun  is  just  appearing 
above  the  horizon  in  its  usual  gorgeous 
setting  of  clouds  that  hover  over  the  Gulf 
Stream.  Arrived  at  the  packing-house  I 
find  Ross,  Joe,  Octavius.  Victor  and  Samuel 
on  hand  as  usual.  These  are  all  colored 
men,  and  with  the  exception  of  Ross,  who 
bails  from  “up  State.”  are  all  Bahamans 
or  Nassaus  as  they  are  popularly  called, 
from  the  chief  city  of  the  Islands. 

The  farm  comprises  less  than  22  acres 
under  cultivation,  devoted  to  only  three 
crops,  but  it  requires  an  immense  amount  of 
work  for  all  that.  There  are  two  acres  of 


'I'Ll  £5  RURAL 

snap  beans,  nearly  six  acres  of  strawberries 
and  something  less  than  14  acres  of  toma¬ 
toes.  The  beans  have  been  planted  just  a 
week  and  are  up  and  showing  along  the 
row  nicely,  an  excellent  stand.  Four  and  a 
fourth  acres  of  strawberries  are  in  12-inch 
rows,  with  paths  between  each  four.  These 
fruited  last  season  and  were  carried 
through  the  Summer  in  good  condition  and 
give  promise  of  a  fine  crop.  An  acre  and  a 
half  more  were  grown  in  matted  rows  from 
plants  set  in  May.  Those  will  be  fruited 
just  as  they  stand,  which  is  an  experiment 
for  this  section.  In  fact  that  remark  ap¬ 
plies  to  strawberry  growing  here  in  general. 
A  few  scattered  blossoms  are  beginning 
to  appear,  so  there  is  prospect  of  berries 
being  fairly  plentiful  by  Christmas.  If  I 
can  find  time  I  hope  in  the  near  future 
to  write  of  the  peculiarities  of  the  straw¬ 
berry  under  these  changed  conditions. 

Tomatoes  are  the  great  crop  in  this  sec¬ 
tion,  and  for  some  unexplained  reason,  prob¬ 
ably  climatic,  theer  seems  to  be  no  end  of 
annoyance  and  failure  in  the  attempt  to 
secure  a  stand  this  season.  Many  plants 
instead  of  taking  root  when  set  out,  dwindle 
and  die,  and  what  do  grow  do  not  start 
with  the  usual  vigor.  I  myself  have 
replanted  nine  acres  outright,  and  then 
there  seems  to  be  no  end  of  resetting  miss¬ 
ing  hills.  From  all  sides  comes  the  same 
story.  However,  as  the  season  advances 
conditions  seem  to  improve. 

My !  I  have  wandered  off  and  pretty  near¬ 
ly  forgotten  the  day’s  work.  Where  were 
we?  Oh.  yes,  the  men  lined  up  ready  for 
work.  Well,  here  are  orders  :  Ross  hitches 
the  mules  in  the  cutaway,  and  continues  the 
work  ’of  yesterday — preparing  tomato  rows 
for  fertilizing.  Joe,  Octavius  and  Samuel 
go  to  the  seed-bed  and  pull  enough  tomato 
plants  to  finish  planting  those  16  rows  that 
were  left  last  evening,  something  over  an 
acre.  Victor  takes  those  two  pails  and 
delivers  water  from  the  pump  at  the  new 
seed  bed.  while  I  sprinkle  to  wash  down 
the  fertilizer  I  applied  last  evening.  Thus 
the  day’s  work  starts.  In  less  than  an 
hour  the  seed-bed  has  been  properly  wetted 
down  and  the  men  have  returned  with  what 
they  think  a  sufficient  quantity  of  plants. 
With  a  light  marker  I  now  draw  the  lines 
where  the  plants  are  to  be  set  in  the  wide 
rows  that  have  previously  been  prepared 
and  fertilized.  Samuel  follows  with  a  three- 
peg  cross- marker,  marking  the  place  for  two 
plants  at  each  stroke.  Victor  drops  plants 
and  occasionally  as  he  gains  on  Joe  and 
Octavius  who  are  setting  them  he  sets  a 
few  himself.  By  the  time  they  have  set 
four  rows  Samuel  and  I  have  finished 
marking.  He  now  drops  plants,  and  Victor 
helps  set  while  I  drop  the  plants  and  set 
my  row  with  the  rest.  After  going  around 
once  in  this  way  there  are  only  four  rows 
left.  I  leave  the. men  to  finish,  while  I  ar¬ 
range  the  preliminaries  of  the  next  job, 
which  is  wheel-hoeing  and  fertilizing  the 
old  strawberries. 

Joe  is  told  to  get  what  plants  are  needed, 
if  any,  and  finish  alone  while  the  others 
are  to  come  to  the  strawberry  patch  when 
the  supply  of  plants  is  out.  It  is  necessary 
to  brush  the  fertilizer  from  the  foliage  of 
the  strawberries  to  prevent  burning;  so 
armed  with  pruning  shears  I  go  to  the  pas¬ 
ture  where  grow  a  few  clumps  of  tall  tough 
wiry  grass,  locally  known  as  “switch-grass.” 
Securing  a  quantity  of  this,  with  pliers  and 
wire  I  soon  form  several  brushes  or  brooms 
that  are  just  the  thing  for  the  purpose.  I 
next  bring  out  the  hand  fertilizer-distributor 
and  adjust  it  for  the  work  in  hand.  By 
this  time  the  three  men  arrive  and  two 
of  them  are  sent  to  use  the  wheel  hoes.  As 
the  chances  are  good  for  light  showers  in 
the  near  future  and  part  of  the  field  has 
already  boon  hoed  I  think  it  just  as  well 
to  hoe  before  fertilizing.  Joe  soon  appears 
and  takes  charge  of  the  distributor,  fertil¬ 
izing  two  rows  at  a  time,  that  is  going 
and  returning  on  a  four-row  bed. 

By  this  time  it  is  well  nigh  10  o’clock. 
Samuel  is  new  at  the  work  and  I  have  the 
task  of  initiating  him  in  the  effective  use 
of  his  brush.  It  is  characteristic  of  the 
Bahama  negro  that  he  is  not  a  very  apt 
pupil,  but  he  can  usually  be  depended  upon 
for  conscientious  performance  if  he  is  thor¬ 
oughly  taught.  After  various  criticisms  and 
retrials,  he  gets  along  all  right  and  I  take 
another  brush  and  thus  each  taking  a 
row  we  keep  up  with  the  distributor. 

After  a  few  rounds  I  call  Victor  to  take 
my  brush,  while  I  go  to  inspect  the  team 
work.  I  find  the  first  stage  of  the  work 
completed  and  at  a  point  where  it  is  neces¬ 
sary  to  reverse  the  disks.  I  help  Ross 
with  this  and  when  we  are  through  it  is  11 
o’clock,  time  for  dinner.  The  men  go  to 
the  packing  house  to  eat  their  noon  lunch, 
while  I  mount  my  wheel  and  ride  to  the 
village,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  distant,  for 
the  mail.  I  get  home  by  11.13,  eat  dinner, 
look  over  the  news  a  few  minutes  and  by 
12  o’clock  am  again  on  the  job.  but  I  take 
the  afternoon  more  leisurely.  The  work  is 
all  laid  out  and  will  run  smoothly  to  the 
end  of  the  day.  I  inspect  the  work  of  the 
brushers ;  make  sure  that  the  quantity  of 
fertilizer  going  on  is  constant,  then  take 
the  idle  wheel-hoe  and  stir  the  soil  of  the 
seed-bed  that  was  wetted  in  the  morning, 
together  with  two  others.  As  the  sun  de¬ 
clines  I  call  Octavius  to  leave  his  hoe,  get 
some  tomato  plants  and  reset  some  that 
burned  in  a  sandy  spot  that  was  planted 
early  the  day  before.  Directly  after  4 
o’clock  I  go  to  the  house  to  write' the  week¬ 
ly  checks  for  the  men.  They  receive  $1  50 
per  day,  10  hours.  I  return  to  the  farm 
by  4.30.  The  sun  is  near  the  horizon,  glim¬ 
mering  through  the  distant  pines  that  skirt 
the  Everglades.  The  men  put  away  their 
tools  and  remnant  of  fertilizer  and  are  ready 
for  their  week’s  reward.  One  more  day 
and  a  busy  week  are  completed. 

Dade  Co.,  Florida.  d.  l.  iiautman. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — The  entire  business  quar¬ 
ter  of  Ogden.  Utah,  was  threatened  by  fire 
November  15.  The  loss  will  approach 
$750,000.  The  fire  started  in  the  Eccles 
Building,  one  of  the  largest  structures  in 
the  city. 

Selden  Bacon.  John  Howard  Hill  and 
Philip  C.  Clifford,  trustees  in  bankruptcy 
for  the  United  Wireless  Telegraph  Com¬ 
pany,  appointed  by  the  Federal  Court  in 
Maine,  and  two  other  creditors,  the  Na¬ 
tional  Surety  Company  of  New  York  and 
Herman  G.  Neuhoff  of  New  Jersey,  Novem¬ 
ber  17  filed  a  petition  in  bankruptcy  in  the 
United  States  District  Court  here  against 
Christopher  C.  Wilson,  former  president  of 
the  company,  now  serving  a  term  of  im¬ 
prisonment  in  the  Federal  penitentiary  at 
Atlanta.  Ga.  The  claims  of  the  petitioners 
aggregate  $1,698,530.23,  and  insolvency, 


NEW-YORKER 

concealment  of  sums  of  money  aggregating 
$700,000,  and  transfers  made  by  Wilson  to 
the  Wilson  Mining  Company  of  Colorado, 
and  of  $300  to  R.  R.  Robins,  with  intent 
to  hinder,  delay,  and  defraud  creditors,  are 
alleged  in  the  petition. 

Thirteen  indictments  for  rebating  were 
filed  November  17  by  the  Federal  Grand 
Jury  against  railroad  men  and  shippers  of 
this  city  and  Chicago.  Until  the  findings, 
including  45  counts,  were  made  public  in 
the  United  States  District  Court,  there 
had  been  not  the  slightest  intimation  that 
an  inquiry  into  such  charges  was  being 
conducted.  Seldom  had  an  investigation 
of  the  kind  proceeded  with  such  secrecy. 
It  had  been  in  progress  many  weeks.  The 
railways  concerned  are  the  Baltimore  Sc 
Ohio  and  the  Lehigh  Valley. 

The  New  York  Up-State  Public  Service 
Commission  in  submitting  to  Controller 
Sohmer  its  estimate  to<  carry  on  its  work 
for  the  next  fiscal  year,  has  asked  for  an 
appropriation  of  $550,000  for  the  elimination 
of  grade  crossings.  This  would  provide 
$2,200,000  for  grade  crossing  elminationn, 
the  railroad  companies  paying  one-half 
and  the  State  and  municipalities  ’each 
one-quarter.  The  New  York  City  Public 
Service  Commission  has  asked  for  $1,000.- 
000  for  grade  crossing  improvements  in 
Greater  New  York. 

The  sale  of  chewing  gum  at  ships  stores 
has  been  prohibited  by  order  of  acting 
Secretary  of  the  Navy  Winthrop.  This 
order  was  issued  upon  the  recommendation 
of  Capt.  William  F.  Fullam.  commanding 
officer  of  the  battleship  Mississippi,  which 
was  approved  by  Rear  Admiral  Hugo  Oster- 
baus,  commander  in  chief  of  the  Atlantic 
battleship  fleet. 

The  thriving  village  of  West  Winfield, 
a  dozen  miles  south  of  Utica.  N.  Y.,  suf¬ 
fered  severely  by  fire  November  17.  The 
thermometer  registered  nearly  zero  and 
suffering  was  intense  among  those  whose 
homes  were  burned.  The  loss  will  reach 
$60,000. 

Judge  Christian  C.  Kohlsaat,  in  the 
United  States  Circuit.  Court  November  18 
quashed  the  beef  packers’  temporary  writs 
of  habeas  corpus,  which  they  obtained  a 
few  days  before  in  an  attempt  to  delay 
the  trial  of  the  criminal  case  against  them. 
Judge  Kohlsaat  held  that  the  Circuit  Court 
had  no  power  to  issue  a  writ  except  in 
extraordinary  circumstances  and  that  the 
present  case  was  without  the  right.  The 
government  has  thus  won  another  move 
in  its  fight  to  bring  to  trial  the  nine  in¬ 
dicted  heads  of  the  Beef  Trust.  In  the 
hope  of  getting  some  court  to  declare  the 
provisions  of  the  Sherman  Anti-Trust  law 
unconstitutional,  eight  of  the  nine  packers 
surrendered  themselves  to  the  United  States 
deputy  marshal  at  Chicago  and  obtained 
temporary  writs  of  habeas  corpus,  on  the 
technical  ground  that  they  were  being 
“imprisoned.” 

Chinook  winds  and  more  heavy  rain 
increased  the  floods  November  19  through¬ 
out  western  Washington.  Many  rivers 
are  at  record  height  and  have  stopped 
t.ransmiountain  service  on  the  Northern 
Pacific,  the  Great  Northern  and  the  Mil¬ 
waukee  railways,  which  have  thousands  of 
men  clearing  away  landslides  and  rebuild¬ 
ing  washed  out  tracks.  Bellingham  was 
isolated  by  flood  waters.  The  flood  covers 
four  miles  of  track  near  Stanwood  on  tjie 
Great  Northern’s  coast  line.  At  Silvana 
the  water  was  six  feet  deep  in  the  streets. 
The  tracks  are  under  w’ater  between  Sedore 
and  Lyman.  Part  of  Renton,  a  suburb  of 
Seattle,  was  under  water  from  the  overflow 
of  the  Cedar  River.  Parts  of  the  Puyallup, 
White  and  Stuck  valleys,  between  Tacoma 
and  Seattle,  are  great  inland  lakes.  The 
flooding  of  the  valleys  cut  off  a  large 
part  of  the  milk  supply  of  Tacoma  ana 
Seattle.  One  big  dairy  herd  was  marooned 
on  an  island  near  Auburn.  Milkers  reached 
the  cows  with  boats. 

The  Hudson  County,  N.  J„  Grand  Jury 
continued  in  Jersey  City  November  19  the 
charge  of  conspiracy  made  by  Eugene  ,T. 
Schwarz,  the  president  of  the  Schwarz 
Brothers  Company,  of  Harrison,  N. 
against  two  employes  and  several  govern¬ 
ment  inspectors.  The  company  has  a 

horse  meat  pickling  factory  at  Harrison. 
Schwarz  says  the  company’s  plant  was  en¬ 
tered  surreptitiously  at  night  several  times 
by  government  officers,  aided  by  two  of  his 
employes.  A  result  of  the  investigation 
has  been  the  beginning  of  five  suits  by 
the  State  Board  of  Health  against  the 
Schwarz  Brothers  Company  in  the  First 
District  Court  of  Jersey  City,  for  violation 
of  the  pure  food  and  sanitary  slaughter¬ 
house  laws.  Schwarz  says  the  plant  was 
open  at  all  times  for  government  officers, 
and  that  there  was  no  reason  for  surrep¬ 
titious  visits ;  that  none  of  the  product  of 
the  factory  was  sold  or  delivered  in  this 
country,  and  that  the  business  was  carried 
on  with  the  knowledge  of  the  diplomatic 
officers  of  The  Netherlands,  in  which  the 
product  is  sold. 

William  J.  Cummins,  the  Nashville  pro¬ 
moter.  was  found  guilty  November  20  of 
the  larceny  of  $140,000  out  of  a  fund  de¬ 
posited  with  the  Carnegie  Trust  Company 
of  New  York.  District  Attorney  Whitman 
will  move  to  have  a  day  set  for  the  trial 
of  Charles  H.  Hyde,  former  City  Chamber- 
lain,  who  was  indicted  on  May  I  last  for 
bribery  under  a  section  of  the  Penal  Law 
which  relates  to  malfeasance  by  public 
officers.  The  indictment  was  based  on  evi¬ 
dence  that  Hyde  when  City  Chamberlain 
forced  the  Northern  Bank  to  lend  $130,000 
to  the  Carnegie  Trust  Company  and  that 
he  was  a  gainer  by  the  transaction.  The 
proceedings  against  the  former  City  Cham¬ 
berlain  grew  out  of  the  fact  that  there 
were  heavy  deposits  of  the  city’s  money 
made  in  banks  that  immediately  before  or 
immediately  afterward  lent  large  amounts 
to  Cummins,  then  controlling  factor  of  the 
Carnegie  Trust  Company. 

Unless  the  American  Sugar  Refining 
Company  comes  to  a  settlement  with  New 
York  City  within  a  short  time  for  its  ar¬ 
rears  in  water  charges  there  is  a  strong 
possibility  that  the  water  supply  of  the 
refineries  will  be  cut  off.  In  March  of  this 
year  the  sugar  company  sought  to  have  the 
city  restrained  from  taking  the  steps  which 
are  now  seriously  considered.  At  that 
time  Morgan  J.  O’Brien,  who  was  appointed 
referee  in  the  case,  reported  against  the 
injunction  when  he  found  that  the  company 
had  been  taking  water  illicitly  through  by¬ 
passes.  In  his  opinion,  however,  the  ref¬ 
eree  said  that  the  city’s  bill,  which  was 
for  $525,000.  was  excessive  and  that  he 
thought  one-third  of  this  amount  would 
be  nearer  the  mark.  The  city  officials  are 
not  willing  to  accept  this  amount,  and 


unless  the  sugar  company  is  willing  to  make 
a  better  settlement  very  soon  it  will  have 
to  do  its  refiniDg  without  water.  The 
city  has  never  prosecuted  to  judgment  «. 
suit  for  the  arrears. 

A  comprehensive  investigation  of  steel 
rails  from  the  furnace  t&  the  time  they  are 
laid  in  the  track  is  recommended  by  Chief 
Inspector  Harry  Belknap  of  the  Interstate 
Commerce  Commission  as  the  result  of  the 
investigation  conducted  by  him  into  the 
wreck  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  near 
Manchester,  N.  Y.,  on  August  25,  1911,  in 
which  29  lives  were  lost  and  62  persons 
were  injured.  According  to  the  report  a 
broken  rail  caused  the  derailment  of  the 
heavy  train,  which  consisted  of  14  coaches 
and  two  engines.  It  was  known  as  a 
“piped”  rail,  but  according  to  James  E. 
Howard  of  the  bureau  of  standards,  an 
expert  in  steel  structure,  it  also  developed 
a  new  defect,  which  he  designates  as  “trans¬ 
verse  fissures,”  a  far  more  dangerous  de¬ 
fect  than  “piping”  and  one  which  could  be 
due  to  service  and  could  not  be  detected 
before  being  laid  or  in  course  of  manufac¬ 
ture.  “Piping.”  it  is  stated,  is  due  to  de¬ 
fect  in  manufacture.  Mr.  Howard  says 
that  the  development  of  these  transverse 
fissures  suggests  that  the  limit  of  wheel 
pressure  has  been  reached  and  probably  sur¬ 
passed  on  rails  of  the  usual  width  and 
shape  of  head  and  that  the  increasing  oc¬ 
currence  of  accidents  of  this  character  is 
a  ■warning  of  this  fact. 

Mary  Dugan,  who  came  to  the  States 
from  a  small  town  in  Ontario  10  years 
ago,  acquired  a  knowledge  of  business  af¬ 
fairs  in  Boston  and  then  came  on  to  New 
York  in  search  of  a  wider  field,  was  in¬ 
dicted  November  21  by  a  Federal  Grand 
Jury  for  fraudulent  use  of  the  mails.  She 
is  said  to  be  the  first  woman  indicted  as 
a  principal  in  such  a  case.  The  case  in 
which  Miss  Dugan  is  involved  has  to  do 
with  the  sale  of  the  stock  of  the  Manhattan 
Real  Estate  Company.  Along  with  Miss 
Dugan  the  Federal  Grand  Jury  returned 
indictments  against  James  C.  Gavigan, 
Irving  J.  Isbell  and  George  riane  of  J. 
C.  Gavigan  &  Co.,  Herron  Rayley,  ex¬ 
president  of  the  Manhattan  Real  Estate 
Company;  Arthur  S.  Frederick  and  George 
R.  Euell.  The  indictments  contain  five 
counts.  They  charge  that  the  defendants 
made  false  representations — using  the  mails 
to  do  so — regarding  the  desirability  of  in¬ 
vesting  in  the  properties  of  the  Manhattan 
Real  Estate  Company,  namely,  Llnderhurst 
Square,  North  Babylon  Park,  Higbie  Park, 
Linden  Beach  and  Richmond  Hill.  It  was 
represented,  according  to  the  indictment, 
that  the  equities  in  these  properties  were 
of  large  value  and  that  the  Manhattan 
Real  Estate  Company  was  in  a  prosperous 
and  sound  financial  condition.  It  also  was 
represented  that  the  company  was  paying 
3  per  cent  dividends  quarterly  out  of  the 
earnings.  The  prospectuses  told  of  large 
sums  of  money  spent  for  improvements  and 
added  that  the  company  had  assets  on  hand 
exceeding  in  value  the  par  value  of  all  the 
authorized  capital  stock. 

FARM  AND  GARDEN. — The  twenty-sixth 
annual  meeting  of  the  Oregon  State  Horti¬ 
cultural  Society  was  held  at  Portland,  Ore., 
November  15-17.  Valuable  papers  on  the 
cultivation  of  fruits  and  their  marketing 
and  on  trees  and  planting  were  read  and 
discussed. 

The  British  Columbia  Nurserymen’s  Asso¬ 
ciation  was  formed  at  a  gathering  of  nur¬ 
serymen  in  Victoria  recently  and  the  fol¬ 
lowing  officers  elected:  Richard  Lavritz, 
Victoria,  president;  C.  A.  S.  Atwood,  Grand 
Forks,  vice-president ;  Ricliard  McComb, 
Aldergrove,  secretary  and  treasurer ;  V. 
Crawley  Ricardo,  Vernon  ;  Charles  L.  Trot¬ 
ter,  Vancouver,  and  the  officers  ex-officio, 
executive  committee. 

Melon  growers  of  Alabama,  Georgia,  Flor¬ 
ida  and  the  Carolinas  apeared  November  21 
before  Commissioner  Charles  A.  Prouty  of 
the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  at  the 
New  York  Custom  House  and  declared  that 
12.8  railroads  had  hurt  the  watermelon 
industry  by  discriminative  freight  rates. 
Richard  J.  Donovan  represented  the  com¬ 
plainants.  He  said  that  the  grievance  of 
the  plaintiffs  went  back  to  1902,  when  the 
railroads  refused  to  deliver  melons  at  the 
Manhattan  piers,  as  had  been  the  custom, 
and  forced  the  complainants  to  pay  five 
cents  a  hundred  to  get  the  melons  over 
from  Jersey  City.  The  result  of  this 

change  was  a  paralysis  of  the  business  in 
this  city.  C.  W.  Mathis,  called  the 

“watermelon  king,”  testified  that  formerly 
a  carload  of  a  thousand  watermelons  cost 
the  grower  $70,  but  that  now  he  had  to 
pay  $90.  T.  O.  Lawton  gave  testimony  of 
similar  import.  The  case  will  be  consid¬ 
ered  finally  in  Washington  in  February. 

The  report  to  the  Winnipeg  Board  of 
Trade  November  15  on  the  condition  of 
the  1911  crop  shows  that  75  per  cent  of 
thrashing  has  been  completed  in  Manitoba, 
and  50  per  cent  in  Saskatchewan.  In 
Winnipeg  44,921,810  bushels  of  wheat  have 
already  been  inspected  and  there  is  now 
in  store  in  interior  elevators  fully  18,000,- 
000  bushels  more,  so  that,  including  3,700,- 
000  in  transit,  not  inspected,  66,621,810 
bushels  are  safe. 

The  New  York  State  Humane  Societies’ 
convention  at  Auburn  November  15  adopted 
a  resolution  appointing  a  committee  to  ob¬ 
tain  the  enactment  of  the  “old  horse  trar- 
fie  bill”  to  prevent  the  sale  of  wornout 
horses ;  a  resolution  to  ask  President  Taft 
and  Congress  to  name  a  commission  to 
investigate  slaughter  houses  here  and 
abroad,  with  a  view  to  enacting  Federal 
laws  to  prevent  cruelty,  and  another  di¬ 
recting  the  law  committee  to  draft  an 
amendment  to  the  State  transfer  tax  law 
providing  for  exemption  from  taxation  for 
legacies  left  to  anti-cruelty  societies. 

The  second  annual  meeting  of  the  North¬ 
ern  Nut  Growers’  Association  will  be  held 
at  New  York  College  of  Agriculture,  Ithaca, 
N.  Y..  December  14-15.  A  variety  of  topics 
will  be  discussed.  Anyone  interested  in 
nut  growing  is  eligible  as  a  member.  Rob¬ 
ert  T.  Morris  of  New  York  is  president 
of  the  Association. 

Columbia  University,  New  York,  offers, 
beginning  November  22,  a  series  of  16  lec¬ 
tures  on  “Economic  Agriculture.”  The  lec¬ 
ture's  will  be  held  at  4.30  p.  m.  on  Wednes¬ 
days,  in  Schermerhorn  Hall.  Here  are 
some  of  the  subjects  and  the  speakers : 
“How  a  City  Man  can  Succeed  in  Farming,” 
by  Professor  O.  S.  Morgan ;  “Agricultural 
Possibilities  About  New  York  City  ”  by 
George  T.  Powell ;  “Soil  Bacteria Their 
Importance  and  How  to  Control  Them  Ad¬ 
vantageously,”  by  Jacob  T.  Lipman,  director 
of  the  New  Jersey  Agricultural  Experi¬ 
ment  Station ;  “Practical  Problems  in  De¬ 
poning  the  Dairy  Herd,”  by  Professor 
Henry  Wing. 


1160 


THR  RUKALi  NEW-YORKER 


December  2, 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

.  HOME. 

Home’s  not  merely  four  square  walls, 
Though  with  pictures  hung  and  gilded  ; 
Home  is  where  affection  calls 

Filled  with  shrines  the  heart  has  builded  ! 

Home !  Go  watch  the  faithful  dove 
Sailing  ’ncath  the  heaven  above  us; 

Home  is  where  there’s  one  to  love ! 

Home  is  where  there’s  one  to  love  us ! 

Home’s  not  merely  roof  and  room — 

It  needs  something  to  endear  it, 

Home  is  where  the  heart  can  bloom, 

Where  there’s  some  kind  lip  to  cheer  it ! 

What  is  home  with  none  to  meet. 

None  to  welcome,  none  to  greet  us ! 

Home  is  sweet,  and  only  sweet, 

Where  there’s  one  who  loves  to  meet  us ! 

— Charles  Swain. 

• 

The  delicate  chicken  sandwiches 
served  in  one  New  York  tea  room  are 
made  of  chopped  boiled  chicken  flavored 
with  mayonnaise,  with  the  addition  of 
boiled  chestnuts  rubbed  to  a  paste. 
Chopped  boiled  chestnuts  will  also  be 
found  a  desirable  addition  to  a  salad 
of  apple  and  celery,  with  mayonnaise 
dressing. 

* 

Swiss  challie  is  a  new  cotton  ma¬ 
terial  with  the  texture  and  general  ap¬ 
pearance  of  wool  challie.  It  is  shown 
in  many  styles  and  colors,  and  is  said 
to  wash  well  without  shrinking.  It  is 
30  inches  wide  and  costs  18  cents  a 
yard.  Another  non-shrinking  material 
that  has  the  appearance  of  a  light¬ 
weight  all-wool  flannel  is  called  “ideal- 
ean’’;  it  is  adapted  for  children’s  wear, 
shirts  or  pajamas.  It  is  29  inches  wide 
and  is  18  cents  a  yard. 

* 

The  Cleveland  Plain  Dealer  tells 
about  a  small  East  Cleveland  boy  who 
promised  a  friendly  neighbor  a  bushel 
of  walnuts  in  the  Fall.  He  knew 
where  the  trees  were  and  he  was  sure 
he  could  make  good.  But  on  the  day 
he  named  for  delivering  the  goods  he 
did  not  arrive.  A  week  passed,  and  he 
was  still  tardy.  At  the  end  of  thirteen 
days  he  appeared  at  his  neighbor’s  back 
door  with  about  a  quart  of  nuts.  “I’m 
awfully  sorry,”  he  said  breathlessly, 
“but — well,  th’  tree  ain’t  layin’  very  well 
this  year  1” 

* 

SEALiNG-wax  hatpins  are  no  novelty, 
a  good  many  women  experimenting  with 
them,  but  it  is  possible  to  get  some  very 
attractive  effects  with  a  little  ingenuity. 
The  usual  way  is  to  cover  the  head  of 
a  plain  hatpin  with  several  irregular 
layers  of  wax,  which  are  alternately 
melted  and  hardened  in  cold  water  so 
as  to  produce  an  irregular  mass  of  in¬ 
termingled  color.  Something  very  hand¬ 
some  may  be  made,  however,  by  using 
one  color  of  wax,  forming  it  into  an 
irregular  head,  and  then  pressing  into 
this  ornaments  of  metal,  glass  or  stone. 
Most  people  have  heads  of  broken  silver 
stickpins  or  hatpins,  little  brooches  or 
other  trifles,  which  are  pretty,  yet  hardly 
worth  mending.  A  hatpin  head  of  dark 
blue  or  green  sealing  wax  with  a  little 
silver  ornament  of  this  sort  pressed  into 
the  top  is  very  handsome.  The  idea 
may  be  developed  in  a  great  variety  of 
ways,  according  to  colors  desired  and 
materials  on  hand.  Gold,  silver  and 
bronze  wax  gives  good  results,  and 

there  is  great  scope  for  individual  taste. 

* 

Shepherd’s  pie  is  an  old-fashioned 
recipe  for  using  cold  roast  beef.  Well 
seasoned  and  served  piping  hot,  it  is  a 
good  dish  for  a  cold  day.  Have  ready 
a  quart  of  thin  slices  of  beef  and  sea¬ 
son  the  meat  with  salt  and  pepper.  Put 
it  into  a  deep  earthen  dish  and  pour 
over  it  a  gravy  prepared  by  browning 
two  scant  tablespoonfuls  of  flour  in 
two  tablespoonfuls  of  butter,  adding  a 
pint  of  water  and  seasoning  with  salt 
and  pepper.  Mash  eight  hot  boiled 
potatoes.  Add  to  them  a  cupful  of 
boiling  milk,  a  tablespoonful  of  butter 


and  salt  and  pepper  to  suit  the  taste. 
Spread  this  potato  paste  over  the  meat 
and  its  sauce,  beginning  at  the  sides  of 
the  dish  and  working  toward  the  center. 
Let  the  pie  bake  about  half  an  hour. 
It  is  a  good  plan  to  spread  a  little 
melted  butter  over  the  top.  Other  meats 
may  also  be  used  in  a  shepherd’s  pie; 
mutton  is  very  nice.  Tomatoes  may  be 
added  to  the  gravy  for  a  change,  if 
liked. 

* 

This  season  skunk  is  one  of  the  most 
fashionable  of  all  furs.  It  has  long 
held  high  rank  abroad,  and  under  its 
own  name,  while  we  have  known  it  as 
black  marten  or  Alaska  sable  or  some 
other  fancy  name.  It  is  a  fur  that 
wears  exceptionally  well,  and  is  unde¬ 
niably  handsome.  We  saw  some  very 
handsome  sets  recently,  prices  ranging 
from  $45  to  $55  each  for  muff  or 
scarf ;  these  were  lined  with  brown 
satin.  Other  sets  went  up  as  high  as 
$200.  The  solemn  little  skunk,  which 
is  not  accorded  a  very  high  place  in  so¬ 
ciety,  certainly  has  a  right  to  feel  proud 
of  himself. 

Suggestions  for  Trimmings. 

Lingerie  blouses  of  thinness  which 
precludes  all  possibility  of  warmth 
have  accustomed  our  eyes  to  a  light 
and  airy  style  of  dressing  which  allows, 


even  at  country  festivities,  the  use  of 
dainty,  light-weight  frocks  for  evening 
wear.  Nor  is  there  any  extravagance 
in  allowing  the  girls  one  or  two  such 
gowns,  for  they  will  then  be  in  readiness 
for  early  Summer  wear  when  there  is 
less  time  for  home  dressmaking  than 
during  the  shut-in  days  of  Winter.  Ma¬ 
terials  need  not  be  expensive,  for  it  is 
the  dainty  needlework  and  festive  garni¬ 
tures  which  girls  love  that  becomes  them 
best  in  their  gala-day  dresses. 

A  girl’s  frock  of  this  type  recently 
seen  was  of  blue  and  white  in  narrow 
stripes,  and  decorated  with  insets  of 
lace  insertion  having  an  inch-wide  strip 
of  plain  blue  silk  between  the  strips  of 
insertion.  The  blue  silk,  which  was  of 
soft  crepe  texture,  also  appeared  as  a 
wrinkled  belt,  in  narrow  folds,  and  in 
rose-like  decorations  elsewhere.  Prob¬ 
ably  the  best  way  to  construct  the  lace 
and  silk  insets  would  be  to  baste  all 
upon  paper  and  tear  this  away  after  the 
stitching  was  done.  Turn  the  silk, 
which  should  be  cut  bias,  under  once 
along  the  edges ;  lap  the  insertion  onto 
this  and  stitch  on  sewing  machine.  Use 
a  rather  heavy  lace  an  inch  and  a  half 
or  two  inches  wide.  In  the  model  a 
band  of  such  trimming  went  around  the 
narrow  skirt  at  the  top  of  a  deep  kilt. 
It  did  not,  however,  cross  the  front 
breadth,  but  ended  under  the  rose-like 
garnitures  shown  in  Fig.  473. 

To  make  these  take  a  bias  piece  of 


silk  15  inches  long  and  seven  inches 
wide.  Fold  it  to  bring  the  two  cut 
edges  together  and  gather  along  these 
edges  and  across  both  ends.  Select  a 
flat  button  or  wooden  mould  three- 
fourths  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and 
cover  it  with  the  silk,  using  two  thick¬ 
nesses.  Now  sew  the  gathered  piece  to 
the  back  of  this  button,  letting  its  edge 
extend  under  just  enough  to  hide  the 
stitches.  Draw  the  ruffle  in  with  a 
stitch  over  its  edge  to  form  five  petals. 
Make  some  half-inch  folds  of  the  bias 
silk  by  turning  in  the  edges  and  sTip- 
stitching  the  fold  upon  itself.  Use  these 
folds,  tied  in  a  single  knot  at  the  center, 
to  connect  the  rosettes  if  two  are  needed 
in  a  place,  as  where  the  broad  band  of 
trimming  stops  at  the  front  breadth. 
Others  may  be  used  upon  the  waist,  for 
an  inset  of  the  trimming  should  be  ar¬ 
ranged  there.  But  remembering  that 
lightness  and  variety  are  the  watch¬ 
words  for  present  day  styles,  do  not  use 
any  one  soft  of  trimming  too  freely. 
The  narrow  silk  fold  edging  the  lace 
is  the  only  garniture  allowed  about  neck 
and  edge  of  sleeves.  augusta  rose. 


A  Few  Meat  Dishes. 

To  use  left-overs  of  fowls,  fresh 
meats,  etc.,  run  through  food  chopper, 
season  with  salt,  pepper  and  a  bit  of 
sage  if  preferred;  moisten  with  cream 
or  a  well-beaten  egg,  bake  in  small  in¬ 
dividual  pies.  I  cut  out  biscuit  dough 
size  of  a  saucer,  cover  half  with  mix¬ 
ture,  fold  over  the  other  side,  pinch 
edges  together,  prick  top  with  a  fork 
and  bake.  When  other  meats  are  not 
available  I  steam  fresh  sausage  (or 
baked)  half  an  hour,  mix  with  spices, 
some  green  chopped  apples  or  stewed 
dried  apples,  add  a  bit  of  sugar  and 
bake  pies  filled  with  this. 

When  frying  chicken,  pork,  sausage, 
etc.,  they  cook  more  thoroughly  and  are 
crisper  if  set  in  the  oven  instead  of  on 
top  of  the  stove. 

To  cook  opossum,  scald,  scrape  and 
draw,  wash  thoroughly,  rub  with  salt, 
and  let  freeze  over  night.  Cut  off  best 
portions,  boil  in  salted  water  until  partly 
tender,  remove  from  water,  dust  each 
piece  with  pepper  and  sage,  lay  in  a 
deep  baking  pan,  surround  with  sweet 
potatoes,  bake  until  potatoes  are  done. 

MRS.  D.  B.  PHILLIPS. 


We  will  prove  to  you ,  right  in  your 
own  home,  that  the  EASY  Vacuum 
Washer  will  do  your  washing  easier 
and  cheaper  than  any  other  machine. 

We  will  do  this  absolutely  without  risk  or 
expense  to  you,  sending-  our  wonderful  EASY 
washing  machine  on  thirty  days’  trial.  Then 
if  you  do  not  want  to  purchase  it,  we  will  take 
it  back  and  pay  the  railway  charges. 

“  We  have  tried  many  washing  ma¬ 
chines,  but  the  EASY  beats  them  all. 

We  would  not  be  without  it  now. 
Enclosed  find  payment.” 

Will  A.  Morris 
633  Twelfth  St.,  Washington. 

r  A  CV  VACUUM 
1-4-rlO  I  WASHER 

Washes  Clothes  by  Air 

Other  washers  have  teeth  that  grind  the 
clothes,  tearing  and  wearing  them  out. 

The  EASY  has  no  teeth— 
it  does  not  grind  or  pull 
the  clothes  in  any  way. 

Instead,  the  air  chamber 
creates  a  suction,  and  the 
water  is  agitated  by  the  air 
pressure,  pumping  rich  suds 
through  and  through  the 
fabric.  The  EASY  will 
wash  anything  —  from 
laces  to  blankets— 
without  the  slightest 

injury- 


If  you  only 
knew  how  much 
this  wonderful 
machine  would 
save  you  in  time 
and  work  — how 
much  longer  it 
would  makeyour 
clotheslast— you 
wouldn’t  keep 
house  without  it. 
Write  today  to 

DODGE  &  ZUILL 
U.  3. 

Syracuse  N.  Y. 


■■■■■■  »  99  kills  Prairie  Dogs, 

m  ®  Woodchucks,  Gophers, 

and  Grain  Insects. 
“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

8with  “  Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  are  doing. 

EDWAltD  R.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. 


FUMA 


In 

Select 
Company 

It’s  the  very  nature  of  a  soda 
cracker  to  absorb  moisture  and 
foreign  odors. 

That’s  why  the  ordinary  soda  cracker 
remained  so  long  in  obscurity. 

The  advent  of  Uneeda  Biscuit  and  the  moisture- 
proof  and  odor-repelling  package  changed 
all  this — for  Uneeda  Biscuit,  the  perfect 
soda  cracker,  keeps  select  company 
— its  own. 

To-day  the  goodness,  the 
freshness  and  body-build¬ 
ing  virtues  of  Uneeda 
Biscuit  are  acclaimed 
in  tenement  and 
mansion. 


Never  Sold 
in  Bulk 


moisture-proof 
package 

NATIONAL  BfSGGITfcCQM  PANY 


. . 


liu'.Vi'I'iV  m  ; .va  *.  • 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


1161 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

W hen  ordering  patterns  alzvays  give 
number  of  patterns  and  measurements 
desired. 

The  girl’s  coat  shown  is  especially 
suitable  for  the  reversible  fabrics  now 
fashionable,  but  may  be  used  for  any 
cloaking  material,  including  velvet  or 
corduroy.  The  coat  can  be  cut  in  three 
or  four  pieces,  as  it  is  or  is  not  seamed 
at  the  center  back.  There  are  seams 


7210  Girl’s  Coat,  8  to  14  years. 

over  the  shoulders  and  under  the  arms. 
The  fronts  are  faced  to  form  revers 
and  the  coller  is  joined  to  the  neck  edge. 
The  cuffs  finish  the  sleeves.  The  belt 
when  used  is  slipped  under  the  straps 
that  are  arranged  over  the  under-arm 
seams.  For  the  12  year  size  will  be 
required  5  yards  of  material  27,  3J4 
yards  44  or  52  inches  wide  with  24  of 
a  yard  of  any  width  for  collar  and 
cuffs.  The  pattern,  No.  7210,  is  cut  in 
sizes  for  girls  of  8,  10,  12  and  14  years 
of  age.  Price,  10  cents. 

The  small  pictures  include:  7188,  one 
piece  blouse,  34  to  44  bust,  with  fancy 


or  plain  collar,  that  can  be  cut  with 
round  or  square  back,  with  elbow 
sleeves  and  under  sleeves  or  long 
sleeves  gathered  into  bands.  7201,  shirt 
waist  for  misses  and  small  women,  14, 
16  and  18  years,  with  neck  band  or  col¬ 
lar.  7194,  semi-princess  gown,  34  to 
42  bust,  with  five-gored  skirt  with  three- 
quarter  or  full  length  sleeves,  with 
pointed  or  round  collar.  7187,  six-gored 
skirt  for  misses  and  small  women,  14, 
16  and  18  years,  with  high  or  natural 
waist  line,  with  or  without  separate 
panels  that  can  be  perforated  for  shorter 
length.  7189,  boy’s  Russian  suit,  2  to  6 
years.  Price  of  each  pattern,  10  cents. 


One  Use  for  Slippery  Elm. 

I  note  what  is  said  about  a  girl  swal¬ 
lowing  pins,  on  page  948.  The  use  of 
slippery  elm  bark  as  suggested  in  clip¬ 
ping  given  below  seems  so  sensible  that 
I  send  it,  thinking  you  may  care  to  re¬ 
print  it  for  the  benefit  of  your  readers. 
I  cannot  recall  name  of  paper  from 
which  the  clipping  was  taken: 

“I  felt  so  sorry  for  my  friend,  not 
only  because  she  lost  her  little  child  and 
missed  her  so  much,  but  because  it 
seemed  so  avoidable.  The  little  thing 
swallowed  three  carpet  tacks,  and  then 
the  mother  gave  a  dose  of  castor  oil. 
This  only  complicated  matters,  and 
forced  the  tacks  through  the  wall  of  the 
stomach.  Years  ago  I  swallowed  several 
tacks,  and  the  doctor  made  me  chew 
quantities  of  slippery  elm  bark  to  a  pulp 
and  swallow  it.  This  was  kept  up  at  in¬ 
tervals  until  all  the  tacks  had  passed  the 
bowels.  The  elm  bark  formed  a  slippery 
covering  around  the  tacks.  During  the' 
time  as  little  liquid  as  possible  was 
swallowed.  If  a  small  child  swallows 
tacks,  glass,  nutshells,  pennies  or  other 
foreign  substances,  and  is  too  small  to 
chew  the  bark,  get  the  ground  bark  and 
mix  with  a  very  little  water  and  feed 
to  the  child  as  much  as  possible  for  the 
first  three  hours.  Have  seen  this  tried 
in  four  cases  and  every  time  it  proved 
a  success.”  geo.  d.  clarice. 

Sour  Cream  Salad  Dressing. — Mix  one 
heaping  teaspoonful  mustard  smoothly 
with  six  tablespoonfuls  vinegar.  Beat 
one  egg  and  add  gradually  one  table¬ 
spoonful  olive  oil  and  two  tablespoon¬ 
fuls  sour  cream;  add  to  the  vinegar  and 
mustard,  season  with  salt  and  pepper  and 
cook  over  hot  water  one  minute,  stirring 
constantly.  Cool  and  bottle. 

Boiled  Salad  Dressing. — A  boiled 
dressing  which  will  keep  several  days  is 
made  as  follows :  Boil  one  egg  and  add 
slowly  a  tablespoonful  of  melted  butter. 
Mix  well  in  another  dish,  half  a  tea¬ 
spoonful  (each)  salt  and  flour,  and  stir 
these  into  the  egg  and  butter ;  put  in  a 
double  boiler  and  add  two  tablespoonfuls 
of  vinegar,  mixed  with  five  tablespoon¬ 
fuls  of  boiling  water.  Stir  constantly 
until  it  thickens  slightly.  This  dressing 
never  curdles. 


The  Home-making  Cook  Book,  by 
Mary  McNamara  Wilkinson.  This  book 
is  written  by  a  trained  nurse  with  spe¬ 
cial  reference  to  the  needs  of  people  of 
moderate  means.  In  addition  to  the 
cooking  recipes,  much  attention  is  given 
to  household  hygiene  and  sanitation,  in¬ 
valid  dietary  and  general  care  of  the 
sick,  and  the  economical  management 
of  the  home.  In  the  index  the  recipes 
desirable  for  convalescents  are  specially 
marked.  There  is  a  variety  of  general 
information  helpful  to  the  housekeeper 
who  plans  to  improve  her  management. 
The  book  is  well  bound,  328  pages; 
price,  including  postage,  55  cents.  It 
may  be  obtained  from  Mrs.  Mary  M. 
Wilkinson,  469  Wisconsin  St.,  Kenosha, 
Wis. 


Fresh  Air 
Sunshine 
Scott’s  Emulsion 
Happy  Thoughts 


Let  these 

Vitalizing  Elements 

into  your  home;  they  are  the 
simple  means  of  keeping 
Nerves,  Brain  and  Body 
strong,  active,  enduring. 

There  is  no  substitute  for 
Fresh  Air,  Sunshine,  Happy 
Thoughts  or 

Scott’s  Emulsion 

ALL  DRUGGISTS  11-63 


THE  BEST 
Christ  mcv$  ft 

present  for*i75  * 


TA7hat  other 
v  v  Christmas 


* 


Present  costs  so 
little  and  means 
so  much  ? 


FIFTY-TWO 

CROWDED 

NUMBERS 


* 

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3(pmpMion 
"for  AlLthe, 

J  Family 


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THE  YOUTH’S  COMPANION,  Boston,  Mass. 

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Direct  fromFactory,  Freight  Prepaid 
and  Guaranteed  by  the  Manufacturer 

You  can  buy  a  Gold  Coin  Stovo  from  us  $5  to 
ijtiJO  less  than  dealer’s 
prices.  We  pay  freight; 
safe  delivery  insured, 
poi  ished  and  all  ready 
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money  back  any  time 
within  1  year” 
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guaranty. 

Free  Catalog 
—Illustrates 
all  our  Stoves. 
O  ives  Price 
List  and  tells  our 
Plan  and  Offer. 
Send  for  it. 

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Sold 

1  Everywhere 


Makes  Work  on  Rainy  Days 
A  Pleasure 


OurUE  FLEX  edge  (Pat’d)runs  the 
entire  length  ot  coat  and  storm 
lap.  —  Guides  all  waterto 
the  bottom  where  it  drops  off 

Absolutely  no  Possibility 
of  Getting  Wet 
Practical-Serviceable-Economical 

AsKyour  DEALER  to  show  you 
The  Fish  Brand  RE  FLEX  Slicked 


AJ.TowerCo. 

Boston 
MAS  S. 


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of  these 

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Let  us  show  you  free  of  all  cost  or  obligation 
exactly  how  you  can  save  money  on  everything 
you  buy  to  eat  or  wear  or  use  in  any  way.  * 
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Issue.  In  the  entire  list  there  may  be  but  one 
or  two  or  three  that  will  interest  you  at  this 
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24  Underwear  Samples 
20  Automobile  Supplies 

26  Bicycles — Motorcycles 

27  Baby’sDressandTollet 

28  Women's  Tailored  8uits 

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31  Raincoats— Mackintoshes 

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34  Women’s  Furs 


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Paints 
Pianos 
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Trunks 
Roofing 
Vehicles 
Furniture 
8  Incubators 
Q  Wall  Paper 

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16  Building  Flans 


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packages,  for  they  oan  uao  the  Seala  in  wrapping  Xmaa 
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Cards  to  send  Xmaa  Greetings  or  for  notifying  friends  that  a 

ABENTS+WANTED 

ELLIS  ART  CO., Dept.  0G3  538  LawndaleAv., CHICAGO 

WANTFn~flGENTS  t0  se^  Farmers’  Account  Book. 

1  Quick  seller.  Special  inducements  till 
holidays.  Address  L.  L.  Syphers,  Fort  Wayne,  Ind, 


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unconditional  guarantee  of  satisfaction  or  money 
refunded.  The  titles  of  these  various  books  tell  you 
the  nature  of  the  contents.  Pick  out  the  book  or 
books  that  interest  you,  write  their  number  in  the 
coupon  below  and  mail  to  us  to-day. 

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THE 

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LIGHT 


makes  and  burns  its  own  gas.  Costs 
2c.  a  week  to  operate.  No  dirt, 
grease  nor  odor.  A  pure  white 
light,  more  brilliant  than  electricity 
or  acetylene.  None  other  so  cheap 
or  effective.  Agents  wanted.  Write 
for  catalogue  and  prices. 

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When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
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“square  deni.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


11(32 


TH  E)  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


December  2, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 


THOSE  CHAUTAUQUA  COUNTY  COWS. 

,The  month  of  October  is  the  least 
profitable  so  far  reported.  The  cost 
and  amount  of  production  has  very 
nearly  reached  its  Winter  level,  while 
the  product  is  still  figured  at  the  Sum¬ 
mer  price.  Cornstalks  are  estimated  to 
be  worth  $3  per  ton,  and  these  cows 
were  fed  about  20  pounds  a  day  in  ad¬ 
dition  to  pasturage.  Here  are  the  fig¬ 
ures  : 

Branch. 

31  days  milk,  735  -As  lbs.  at  $1.50 _ $11.03 

Daily  average  23  pounds,  11  ounces. 
Babcock  test  5.3%  butter  fat. 

Matilda. 

31  days  milk,  735  V2  lbs.  at  $1.50 _ $11.03 

Daily  average  23  pounds,  12  ounces. 
Babcock  test  4.7%  butter  fat. 


Cost. 

Pasture  . 

Grain  . 

Cornfodder,  etc . 

Interest  . 


$22.09 


$2.00 

4.18 

1.66 

1.00 

$8.84 


October’s  net  profit . $13.25 

Cost  of  production  per  hundred,  59 
cents.  c.  c.  clement. 

Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y. 

HOG  CHOLERA. 

Since  writing  the  reply  to  the  query 
of  G.  W.  H.,  on  page  1072,  there  has 
been  an  extensive  outbreak  of  hog 
cholera  in  Highland  and  adjoining 
counties.  Inoculation  has  been  per¬ 
formed  by  both  State  and  local  men, 
and  in  most  cases  successfully.  Both 
the  single  and  double  treatment  have 
been  used,  though  the  cases  where  the 
double  treatment  was  used  were  in  the 
majority.  In  some  cases  whole  herds 
of  treated  hogs  have  died,  and  it  seems 
these  hogs  were  treated  with  serum 
from  commercial  laboratories  which 
have  lately  been  producing  serum  be¬ 
cause  the  demand  is  far  greater  than 
State  laboratories  can  supply.  Inert  or 
weakened  serum  is  of  course  worthless 
for  the  single  treatment,  and  highly 
dangerous,  indirectly,  in  the  double 
treatment,  for  then  the  disease  produc¬ 
ing  blood  simply  gives  the  treated  hog  a 
genuine  case  of  cholera.  This  is  writ¬ 
ten  as  a  warning  to  make  sure  you  get 
good  serum,  and  to  get  a  good  veter¬ 
inarian  to  give  the  treatment. 

Ohio.  w.  e.  duckwall. 


PREFERS  LARGE  YORKSHIRE  SWINE. 

After  a  careful  study  of  the  various 
breeds  of  hogs  and  comparing  the  most 
popular  ones  at  the  different  State  fairs, 
I  came  to  the  conclusion  that  the  Daige 
Improved  English  Yorkshire  hog  would  be 
far  the  most  profitable  one  for  a  general 
farmer’s  use,  especially  in  New  York  State. 
There  are  more  Large  Yorkshires  bred  in 
Canada  than  any  other  breed.  This  also 
is  noticeably  true  in  Denmark  where  the 
swine  industry  has  become  a  very  paying 
proposition.  Several  large  herds  are  owned 
in  Minnesota  and  as  far  as  I  am  able  to 
judge,  there  has  never  been  a  case  where 
it  was  necessary  for  a  breeder  to  hold  an 
auction  in  order  to  dispose  of  his  product. 
They  are  also  a  large  white  hog  with  a 
medium-sized  head,  short  nose,  long  deep 
body  of  medium  breadth  and  equally  wide 
at  shoulders,  sides  and  hams,  strong  legs 
and  good  feet,  capable  of  carrying  great 
weight.  They  produce  a  much  larger 
amount  and  better  quality  of  bacon  than 
the  lard  type  hog.  The  sows  are  good 
mothers  and  you  frequently  find  from  12  to 
15  pigs  in  a  litter  and  are  easily  cared 
for.  The  young  pigs  mature  rapidly.  I 
believe  that  this  breed  of  swine  will  do 
more  to  increase  the  profit  of  the  farmer 
by  raising  either  thoroughbred  stock  or 
crossing  them  with  some  high  grade  hogs. 

New  York.  w.  allan  Gardner. 


SHROPSHIRES  THE  GENERAL  PURPOSE 
SHEEP. 

I  prefer  the  Shropshire,  because  with 
wool  bringing  a  living  profit,  he  will  bring 
the  best  return  for  a  given  amount  of  feed 
consumed,  or  number  of  acres  grazed,  of 
any  of  the  breeds.  They  are  far  the  most 
numerous  of  any  breeds  (counting  from  a 
registered  standpoint)  ;  therefore  a  better 
demand  for  rams  of  this  breed.  It  is  not 
uncommon  in  our  flock  to  have  ewes  at  one 
year  old  weigh  155  to  ICO  pounds,  or  rams 


at  the  same  age  175  to  200  pounds.  Our 
1910  clip  of  wool  was  consigned  to  a  manu¬ 
facturer  in  February,  1911,  and  the  grading 
of  the  sorters  was  returned  to  me.  Out  of 
over  SO  fleeces,  every  fleece  (except  one) 
graded  three-eighths-blood  combing,  and  the 
average  weight  of  the  fleeces  was  above 
eight  pounds  each.  For  this  I  received  25 
cents  per  pound  f.  o.  b.  1911  clip  was  con¬ 
signed  to  same  firm,  and  for  this  I  re¬ 
ceived  24  cents  per  pound  f.  o.  b.  These 
are  fair  prices  for  three-eighths-blood  comb¬ 
ing  wool,  compared  with  the  prices  wool 
dealers  have  been  paying  for  said  grade 
since  April  1,  1911,  namely  from  16  to  18 
cents  per  pound  ;  25  cents  per  pound,  how¬ 
ever,  will  not  leave  a  fair  profit  to  the 
grower  of  this  grade  of  wool.  ,It  cannot  be 
produced  with  a  fair  profit  to  the  grower, 
at  less  than  30  cents  per  pound.  With 
medium  wool  figured  at  16  to  18  cents  per 
pound  I  think  the  Southdown  or  the  Hamp¬ 
shire  would  hustle  the  Shropshire  for 
amount  returned  from  a  given  amount  of 
feed  consumed,  or  like  amount  of  land 
grazed.  I  have  faith  that  the  people  of  this 
country  will  not  long  continue  a  policy  that 
brings  starvation  prices  to  the  grower  of 
wool,  and  I  believe  at  no  distant  day  the 
production  of  wool  will  be  as  profitable 
as  the  production  of  mutton. 

Wyoming  Co.,  N.  Y.  c.  o.  pattridge. 


Sore  on  Udder. 

I  have  a  large  Short-horn  cow  about 
nine  years  old.  She  is  a  good  milker,  calf 
about  six  weeks  old  and  is  in  good  fix.  She 
eats  heartily  and  appears  healthy,  except  a 
small  sore  about  the  size  of  a  25-cent  piece 
on  her  udder  just  in  front  of  her  front 
teats,  in  that  concave.  The  first  we  noticed 
the  sore  was  near  the  20th  of  August.  The 
sore  had  a  bad  smell.  We  have  been  doc¬ 
toring  it  with  creoline,  lime  and  a  few  other 
cheap  medicines.  We  get  it  nearly  well, 
then  it  will  get  as  bad  as  ever  and  still  has 
the  bad  odor.  Can  you  tell  me  what  it  is, 
and  how  to  treat  it?  We  do  not  use  her 
milk  ;  we  turn  two  calves  to  her  which  she 
is  raising  nicely.  c.  k.  t. 

Such  sores  sometimes  connect  with  a 
fistula  discharging  a  little  bad-smelling  pus 
and  when  that  is  the  case  the  fistula  has  to 
be  curetted  by  the  veterinarian  and  then 
injected  with  tincture  of  iodine  each  other 
day  until  it  fills  up.  If  no  pipe  (sinus) 
is  found,  scrub  the  sore  perfectly  clean  and 
then  lightly  cauterize  it  with  a  lunar  caus¬ 
tic  pencil.  Afterward  apply  twice  daily  a 
mixture  of  one  dram  each  of  boric  acid 
and  calomel  in  an  ounce  of  balsam  of  Peru. 

A.  s.  a. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Tiie 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


SHELlwhen  you  please 

Own  your 
own  power 
corn  shell- 
er,  costs  less 

than  half  the 
price  others  ask.  Has  a  feed  grind¬ 
ing  attachment  for  $11.50  more  that 
does  the  work  of  the  $25.00  kind. 

3  H.  P.  operates  shellcr  to  full  capacity. 

$25.00  at  the  factory  is  the  price;  add  a 
little  for  freight,  etc.,  to  your  station.  You 
can  afford  the  Watts  Power  Sheller,  be¬ 
cause  a  two  days  good  run  will  pay  for  the 
machine;  130  bushels  an  hour.  This  is  made 
especially  for  the  individual  farmer  to  make 
him  independent  of  contractors  and  elevators. 

Guaranteed  satisfactory ;  5  days  trial.  Write 
for  booklet. 


Seager  Engine  Works 
1028  Hazel  Street  Lansing,  Mich. 


HARVEY  BOLSTER  SPRINGS 


'|gr 

1  4 

A 

COOK  YOUR  FEED  and  SAVE 
Half  the  Cost— with  the 

PROFIT  FARM  BOILER 


With  Dumping  Caldron.  Emptios 
its  kettle  in  one  minute.  The  simplest 
and  best  arrangement  for  cooking 
food  for  stock.  Also  make  Dairy  anil 
Laundry  Stoves,  Water  and 
Steam  Jacket  Kettles,  Hog 
Scalders,  Caldrons. etc.  £3?”Send 
for  particulars  and  ask  for  circular  J 
D.  It.  SEE  lilt  Y  &  CO„  Batavia,  xiu 


Boils  4  Bushels  of  Potatoes 
in  lO  Minutes 

and  that  with  very  little  fuel. 

Farmers’  Favorite 

Feed  Cooker  and  Agricultural  Boiler 

Guaranteed  to  please  or  your  money 
refunded.  25  to  100-gal.  capacity,  4  sizes 
between.  W rite  for  Complete  Catalog. 

Lewis  Mfg.  Co.,  Box  C  Cortland,  N.V. 


The  Sharpies  Mechanical  Milker 

You  will  value  it  more 
than  all  the  rest.  Let 
us  give  you  the  details. 

Write  for  catalogue  “  E.” 

DAIRY  SPECIALTY  CO.,  Trust  Building,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


The  Youngest  of  a 
Family  of  Seven 

The  Self  Binding  Harvester. 
The  Babcock  Milk  Tester. 
The  Gasoline  Engine. 

The  Gang  Plow. 

The  Threshing  Machine. 
The  Cream  Separator. 


Standard  Veterinary  Remedy 
In  Use  21  Years 


Trade  Mark 
Registered 


H  EAVES  CURED 

NEWTON’S  REMEDY  Coughs,  Distempers. 

Safe,  positive  cure  that  is  Cuaranloed  for 
Hoavos.  It  gets  at  the  root  of  the  trouble.  A 
scientific  remedy  for  Indigestion,  which  is  the  real 
cause  of  heaves.  Heaves  affect  the  lungs  only 
indirectly.  Newton’s  Remedy  drives  out  lntes-> 
final  worms  and  is  an  excellent  stomach  and’ 
bowel  conditioner.  Book  explains  fully,  free.  $1 
per  can,  at  dealers’,  or  sent  direct,  prepaid. 
THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


ROBERTSON’S  CRAIN 
HANGING  STANCHIONS 

“I  have  used  them  for  mnro 
than  TWENTY  YEARS,  and  they 
have  given  the  very  best  of  satis¬ 
faction  in  every  way,”  write3 
Justus  IT.  Cooley,  M.D.,  Plainfield 
Sanitarium,  Plainfield,  N.  J.  « 
Thirty  days’  trial  on  application 
O.  II.  ROBERTSON 
Wash.  St.,  Eorestvlllc,  Conn. 


"V- 


.  FOSTER  STEEL... 

STANCHIONS 

Increase  Your  Dairy  Profit 
Slakes  cows  comfortable.  Save  time 
in  stabling  and  cleaning.  Easy  to 
operate;  cow  proof;  sanitary; 
strong,  and  durable. 

Write  for  our  prices  and  illus¬ 
trated  catalog  before  buying. 
FOSTER  STEEL  STANCHION  CO. 
^  90(1  Insurance  it  1  lie.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


10  Pays’  Free  Trial 
Wc  Pay  the  Freight 


That  is  exactly  what  we  mean.  Just  say 
you  want  to  try  one  of  the  44-year  fa¬ 
mous  Quaker  City  Feed  Mills  and  we 
will  ship  it  quick — freight  paid.  Use  the 
Quaker  City  for  grinding  Soft,  Wet  or  Dry 
Corn,  Corn  and  Cob,  Shuck  and  Kaffir  Com, 
Feed  and  Table  Meal  all  kinds  of  small  grain 
separately  or  mixed.  Can  be  adjusted  to  grind 
fine,  medium  or  coarse.  ~~  '  |  IMT 
There  is  not  a  grinder 
that  ever  equalled  any 
of  the  famous 

Quaker  *Trarl§r 
City 

Feed  Mills 

The  most  complete  line  ever  offered; 

23  styles  to  choose  from.  Thou¬ 
sands  in  use— none  better.  Convince 
yourself  at  our  risk  that  Quaker  City 
Mills  grind  faster,  do  the  most  work 
with  the  least  power  and  can  be  depended 
on  at  all  times  and  under  all  conditions.  If 
after  trial  the  mill  is  not  entirely  satisfacto¬ 
ry, return  it  at  our  expense.  If  this  looks  like 
a  good  proposition,  send  for  our  free  catalog 
which  also  shows  Engines, Cutters, Sbellers.etc, 

TIIE  A.  W.  STRAUB  COMPANY 
Dept.  E,  8740  Filbert  St., Philadelphia, Pa, 
l»cpt.  T,  870!)  So.  Ashland  Avc., 

Chicago,  Illinois. 


EXCELSIOR  SWING  STANCHION 

Warranted  The  Best.  30  Days’  Trial 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  when  open 
Noiseless  Simple  Sanitary  Durable 

The  Wasson  Stanchion  Co., 
Box  60,  Cuba,  N,  Y. 


Wonderful  Sewing  Awl 


A  perfect  stitcher.  Makes  re- 
'  pairs  neat  and  quick.  Mends  har¬ 
dness,  shoes,  awnings,  canvas, 
straps,  pulley  belts.  Sew  or 
Prepaid.  mend  anything,  heavy  or 

|  Agts.icanted^^  light.  Sells  on  sight.  Q 
C.  A.  Myers  Co.,  6328  Lexington  Ave.,  Chicago  HI. 


Unadilla  Silos 
are  the  best 


I 


Give  superior  silage.  Possess  best  con¬ 
struction  and  greatest  convenience.  Get 
free  catalogue.  Agents  wanted. 

Unadilla  Silo  Co.,  Box  C.  Unadilla,  N.  Y. 


SCIENTIFIC  POWER  MILL 


Adapted  for  use  in  any  locality,  but  espec¬ 
ially  valuable  in  the  South¬ 
ern  States,  ft,- Successfully 
grinds  Indian  corn  in  the 
shuck  and  Kafir  corn  in  the 
brush.  Unequaled  for 
grinding  cob  corn,  with  or 
without  shuck;  will 
also  grind  every  kind 
of  small  grain  includ¬ 
ing  cotton  seed  when 
mixed  with  corn. 

Unlike  Any  Other  Mill 
Ever  Built 

Has  all  modern  safety 
features  and  is  built  for 
heavy  service.  Pulley  is 
outside  of  frame  permitting  use  qf  endless  belts. 
This  No.  103  is  a  general  purpose  mill  and  we  stand 
back  of  every  claim  we  make  for  it.  Write  for  cata¬ 
log  fully  describing  twenty-four  styles  and  sizes. 


THE  BAUER  BROS.  CO.,  Box  415  Springfield,  Ohio 


ROOTS  FOR  STOCK 

Cannot  be  supplanted  by  any¬ 
thing  else.  They  can  be  easily  and 
profitably  grown  in  any  soil  and 
climate.  They  produce  wonder 
fully  profitable  results  as  a  part 
ration  for  all  kinds  of  livestock. 

You  can  prepare  them  best  with 

THE  BANNER  ROOT  GUTTER 

Made  in  7  sizes— hand  or  power.  They 
make  the  famous  “banner  root  chips" 

—not  slices  or  cubes— which  prevents  all 
choking.  Shake  outall  dirt  before  cutting.  Their 
first  cost  Is  so  small  you  cannot  alford  to  be  with¬ 
out  one.  Send  for  the  Danner  booklet  today. 

O.  E.  THOMPSON  &  SONS,  Ypsilanti,  Michigan 


■  Save  Money' 
on  Feed 

Grind  the  corn  and  cob  and  your  stock 
will  surely  produce  more  meat  and  milk. 
Nutrition  alone  is  not  enough — you  must 
feed  bulk  also.  Put  your  grain  through  a 

lleiv  o/faUand 

Feed  flflll 

and  your  stock  will  obtain  25#  extrafeed  value— 
this  fattens  hogs  and  steers  quickly  and  ensures 
more  milk  in  the  pail.  New  Holland  Feed  Mill 


Write  for  wood  saw 
catalog  and  prices. 


can  bo  adjusted  to 

frind  coarse  or  fine. 

t  is  easy  to  operate 
—prices  are  extra 
low  this  year  to  in¬ 
duce  big  sales.  “The 
Right  Way  to  Feed 
Grain”  is  a  booklet 
every  fanner  needs— it’s 
free.  These  arc  the  best 
and  lowest  priced  feed 
mills  on  the  market ;  so 
write  today. 

NEW  HOLLAND  MACHINE  CO., 

BOX  41,  NEW  HOLLAND,  PA. 


Ibil. 


ti-te;  rural  rr w-yokhkk 


1103 


“PROFITS”  FROM  A  DAIRY  HERD. 

Ou  page  1014  G.  D.  W.,  of  Somerville,  N. 
J.,  has  given  us  “The  Story  of  a  Dairy  Herd,” 
with  facts  and  figures,  etc.,  showing,  as  he 
terms  it,  a  net  profit  of  $303.56  for  the  10 
>ows  for  six  months.  Now,  as  his  only  expense, 
as  recorded,  seems  to  be  the  feeds  and  fod¬ 
ders  consumed  by  this  herd,  for  the  stated 
time,  how  can  he  call  the  proceeds  the 
net  profit,  when  he  gives  no  figures  to 
show  the  actual  expense  of  keeping  this 
herd,  and  producing  the  given  quantity  of 
milk?  What  does  his  help  cost  him,  his 
own  wages,  blacksmith  bill  for  carting  the 
milk  (if  any),  depreciation  of  cow  values, 
wear  and  tear  on  stables,  etc.?  A  few  of 
us  farmers  in  this  vicinity  are  studying 
this  matter  a  little  bit,  and  would  like  to 
get  all  the  figures,  so  we  could  see  just 
what  G.  D.  W.’s  actual  net  profit  was  for 
Ills  10  registered  cows.  I  have  been  figuring 
some,  myself,  and  asking  others  for  facts 
and  figures,  pertaining  to  similar  matters, 
but  we  can’t  seem  to  figure  up  a  decent 
net  profit  at  all.  Perhaps  we  figure  in  too 
many  expenses.  Let  us  ask  G.  D.  W.  if  he 
will  kindly  give  us  a  few  more  figures — and 
price  his  corn  fodder  this  time,  so  that  we 
can  have  some  idea  of  what  his  net  profit 
really  was,  especially  as  he  considers  his 
profits  fair.  The  prices  he  received  for  his 
inllk  are  just  about  the  same  as  paid  in 
this  section,  and  considering  his  individual 
milk  yields,  his  cows  are,  no  doubt,  good 
ones,  so  that  with  all  expenses  figured  in 
the  record  ought  to  be  quite  accurate. 

Sullivan  Co.,  N.  Y.  edward  meumann. 

Reply  by  “G.  D.  W.” 

In  reply  to  Mr.  Meumann,  I  would 
says  the  value  of  corn  fodder  (from  20 
acres  of  corn)  is  $75,  which  was  fed 
to  eight  horses  and  colts,  four  young 
cattle  and  the  10  cows;  £ost  of  help, 
none,  my  own  wages  and  wife’s  (as  she 
helps  me  milk  and  can  milk  10  cows 
per  hour).  I  consider  the  manure  pays 
for  milking,  hauling  and  upkeep  of 
stable,  for  this  is  done  before  and  after 
the  regular  day’s  work.  As  for  depre¬ 
ciation,  why  any?  I  could  add  another 
item  of  profit  for  the  six  months;  two 
calves  worth  $150  (I  lost  the  heifer’s 
three  calves),  and  in  the  three  years 
I  have  had  my  herd  I  have  sold  over 
$675  worth  of  stock  and  have  in  my 
yard  to-night  seven  offspring  of  the  10 
cows,  all  under  two  years  old,  that  are 
worth  $1,000.  I  think  it  is  a  very  poor 
herd  that  will  not  increase  in  value. 

GEO.  D.  WILSON. 


learn  that  Mrs.  A.  objects  to  this  arrange¬ 
ment  as  related  above,  preferring  to  butcher 
the  sow  this  Fall  and  breed  the  pig  early 
in  the  Spring.  In  the  first  place,  by  fol¬ 
lowing  out  this  plan  it  is  breeding  from  an 
immature  and  much  younger  sow,  a  system 
largely  denounced  by  many.  Not  only  this, 
but  it  is  a  postponement  indefinitely  of  a 
litter  of  pigs,  with  the  absence  of  success 
that  would  naturally  follow  the  breeding 
of  the  older  sow.  Then  again  a  pig  even 
at  the  age  of  five  months  could  be  so  well 
cared  for  as  to  afford  quite  a  satisfactory 
quantity  of  pork,  with  still  more  time  al¬ 
lowed  for  keeping  sausage,  etc.,  in  the  cooler 
•  weather.  The  size  and  condition  of  a  num¬ 
ber  of  pigs  of  that  age  now  fattening  in 
our  pens  warrants  the  above  statement,  and 
it  is  most  noticeable  also  that  the  heaviest 
and  best  formed  specimens  a  if  those  far¬ 
rowed  by  the  older  and  more  mature  sows. 
It  is  with  much  reluctance  that  I  find  it 
impossible  to  decide  more  in  Mrs.  A.’s  favor, 
as  my  sympathy  was  enlisted  in  her  behalf 
from  the  first,  knowing  full  well  the  re¬ 
sponsibility  resting  so  heavily  on  the  pains¬ 
taking  wife  in  caring  for  the  wants  of 
her  husband.  irving  d.  cook. 

Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y. 


Value  of  Silage. 

What  is  the  money  value  of  corn  silage 
per  ton  in  silo?  I  have  seen  it  estimated  at 
$4  *per  ton.  That  is,  a  100-ton  silo  filled 
would  have  a  feeding  value  of  about  $400. 
Is  this  about  correct?  t.  r.  h. 

Verbank,  N.  Y. 

Such  value  is  a  local  one  based  on  the 
market  price  for  good  hay.  Silage  can¬ 
not  well  be  transported  and  sold  like 
hay  or  grain.  Its  value  in  the  silo  there¬ 
fore  is  usualy  reckoned  at  about  30  per 
cent  of  the  value  of  hay  in  the  mow. 
That  is,  if  hay  is  worth  $12  per  ton,  the 
silage  would  be  valued  at  $3.60.  That 
is  the  fairest  way  of  estimating  that  we 
know  of.  _ 

WHICH  HOG  TO  KILL. 

A  has  one  sow.  10  months  old,  and  one 
pig,  dropped  September  28.  A  wishes  to 
breed  the  sow  to  farrow  in  the  Spring,  and 
butcher  the  pig  as  early  in  the  Spring  as 
it  can  be  fattened.  Mrs.  A.  objects  to  this 
plan,  as  it  would  deprive  the  family  of  the 
meat  during  the  Winter,  and  bring  a  quan¬ 
tity  of  hams  and  sausage  to  be  cared  for  in 
warm  weather.  Her  plan  would  be  to 
butcher  the  sow  this  Fall  and  breed  the  pig 
as  early  as  possible,  in  order  to  furnish 
a  continuous  supply  for  the  family.  Which 
Is  the  better  plan,  and  how  can  it  be  ac- 
conmlished  ?  A.  A. 

Michigan. 

I  should  butcher  the  sow  this  Winter 
and  breed  the  pig  in  time  to  wean  the  little 
ones,  so  as  to  fatten  the  mother  for  butcher¬ 
ing  next  Winter.  t.  a.  Johnson. 

Delaware. 

Giving  my  opinion  as  to  A’s  plan  of 
breeding  and  butchering  his  sow  and  pig, 
would  say  I  think  the  better  plan  would 
be  to  fatten  sow  and  butcher  in  Winter, 
Ray  February  1.  Breed  the  pig  so  as  to 
farrow  about  the  middle  of  July,  therefore 
having  hog  to  butcher  in  January  or  Feb¬ 
ruary.  j.  w.  WEBB. 

Virginia. 

In  considering  the  above  it  would  at 
first  seem  that  it  is  a  matter  than  could 
be  decided  without  much  thought,  and  in 
a  manner  that  would  be  satisfactory  to 
both  parties.  But  I  find  after  studying 
into  the  situation  that  there  is  really  just 
cause  for  the  difference  of  'opinion  enter¬ 
tained  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  A.  In  the  first 
place,  Mr.  A.  prefers  breeding  the  sow  to 
farrow  in  early  Spring,  and  fatten  the  pig  to 
be  slaughtered  when  in  suitable  condition, 
one  that  with  good  care  could  be  accom¬ 
plished  after  an  age  or  about  six  months, 
or  about  the  last  of  March  next,  when 
there  would  naturally  be  an  extended  spell 
of  quite  cool  weather  suitable  for  keeping 
fresh  meat.  Also  by  this  arrangement  a 
litter  of  pigs  could  be  secured  from  an  older 
and  mature  sow,  with  better  prospect  of 
success  than  would  be  otherwise.  We 


HORSES 


Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
at  farmers’  prices.  A  W.  GREEN.  Route  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station.  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O, 


Having  Just  Arrived  from  the  New 
York  State  Fair  witli  a  Lot  of 

PREMIUM  HORSES 

We  are  now  ready  for  business  at  prices  never 
heard  of  before.  We  have  both  Imported  and 
Home-Bred  Registered 

PERCHERONS  °"JA 


Prices— $350  to  $750  on  Mares,  according 
to  age,  weight  and  size. 

Stallions  from  $500  to  $2,000. 

These  prices  include  the  Great  Stallion  NOGEN- 
TAIS,  winning  first  with  three  of  his  get;  also  the 
5-year-old  Stailion  ROULE,  winning  the  4-year-old 
and  over  class  with  14  animals  in  the  ring. 

We  have  on  hand  in  all  about  SIXTY  HEAD 
Don’t  wait  to  write— come  and  see  us  at  once.  No 
peaches  and  cream,  but  plenty  of  plums,  and  plumb 
good  ones. 

D.  J.  GRINDELI,,  Kenton,  Ohio 


GREAT 

ANNUAL 

AUTUMN 


SALE ! 


|r 

h ' 


WtM 


~J4 


| 

|  'hXwijm 

■ 


WmSHmisdi 


100 


TO  BE  HELD  AT  THE  NOTED 

SHARON  VALLEY  STOCK  FARM,  Newark,  Ohio 
On  Friday  and  Saturday,  Dec.  8th  and  9th,  1911 

Belgian,  Percheron  &  German  mft 
Coach  Stallions  and  Mares  I UU 

Marcs  have  all  been  bred,  both  Belgian  and  Per¬ 
cheron,  to  tiie  very  best  stallions  of  the  land.  A 
large  per  cent  of  these  mares  have  been  carefully 
mated,  and  anyone  lucky  enough  to  get  a  pair  of 
them  has  a  fortune  in  his  hand  if  properly  taken 
care  of  1  hese  mares  run  in  age  2  and  3  years  old, 
colors  hays,  blacks,  greys  and  chestnuts,  weighing 
from  1500  to  1800  lbs.  each. 

It  is  to  the  in  to  rest  of  every  prosperous  man  to 
attend  this  sale.  Bad  weather  makes  no  interfer¬ 
ence,  as  the  sale  is  held  in  the  barn.  SIXTY  head 
of  these  mares  will  arrive  just  four  days  before 
this  sale.  lerms  will  he  known  on  day  of  sale, 
feernl  0  cents  and  get  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

I  he  Sharon  Valloy  Stock  Farm  is  so  well  and 
favorably  known  for  good  stallions  and  mares, 
with  tan-  dealings,  that  any  further  comments  are 
useless  to  say  to  the  people. 

Free  conveyances  to  ami  from  the  farm. 

Do  not  fail  to  come  and  bring  your  friends. 

COL.  GEO.  W.  CRAWFORD 
Proprietor  of  Sharon  Valley  Stock  Farm,  NEWARK,  OHIO 
F.  W.  ANDREWS,  Auctioneer. 

Both  Phones— Citizens  1252;  Bell  651  W. 


s 


EE 


OB  Registered  Shropshire  EWES  for  sale.  Also 
uu  yearling  RAMS.  H.  B.  Covert,  Lodi,  N.  Y. 

Snowcroft  Hampshire  Downs 

Never  overfitted ;  always  strong,  healthy  and  vigorous. 
All  shipments  guaranteed  as  described.  Inquire 

DR.  S.  F.  SNOW.  713  University  Block,  SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 


!Dogs  and.  Ferrets 


Pill  I  IF  PI  I  DC— E’rcun  imported  stock.  Females 
I  Ul  O  cheap.  Nelson  Bros.  Grove  City,  Pa. 

FERRETS  FOR  SALE— rite  for  pr^ce-list 


DoKleine  Bros., 


_  and  catalogue,  its  free. 

Jamestown,  Michigan. 


DAIRY  CA.TTLE 


M.  S.  BELTZHOOVER’S 

Rochroane  Jersey  Herd 

Offers  For  Sale  a  Number 
of  Good  Things 
Write  for  Price  List 

JOHN  R.  GATES,  Supt. 
R.F.D.75  Irvington-on-Hudson,  N.Y. 

“Q  XT  A  LI  T  Y  ” 

FOR  SALE— THREE  RICHLY  BRED  YOUNG  JERSEY  BULLS 
DAMS  HAVING  YEARLY  AUTHENTICATED  RECORDS,  as  follows! 

Dam  of  No.  1,  8128.3  lbs.  milk  in  286  days, 

^  „  „  testing  527  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 

Dam  of  No.  2,  11265.3  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

testing  701  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 
Dam  of  No.  3,  12840.6  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

testing  803  lbs.  io  oz.  butter 
Write  for  description  and  prices,  or  come  and  see 
them,  visitors  always  welcome. 

E.  W  Mosher,  **  BKIGHTSIUE,”  Aurora,  New  York 

LAUREL  FARM  5,TVohStcaetS 

nomically  turn  farm  produce  into  money— 
JERSEYS,  and  the  swine  that  do  the  same 
thing— BERKSHIRES.  Which  do  YOU  want  ? 
J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 


DAIRY  CATTLE 


1/  •  •• 

Young 


WE  HAVE  A  FEW... 

BULLS  FOR  SALE 

THAT  ARE  READY  FOR  SERVICE. 

THEY  ARE  FROM  ADVANCED  REGISTRY 
DAMS,  AND  BY  ONE  OF  THE  BEST  SIRES 
OF  THE  HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN  BREED. 
WE  ARE  SHORT  OF  ROOM  AND  WILL 
MAKE  PRICES  ON  THESE  FELLOWS 
THAT  WILL  SURELY  MOVE  THEM. 

Write  for  Pedigrees  and  Prices. 

I V  OODCREST  FARM 

RIFT  ON,  N.  Y . 


REG.  HOLSTEIN  S 

Superior  individuals,  deep,  heavy  milkers,  in  fine  con- 
dition.  If  you  are  a  dealer,  you  can  please  your  custom- 
ers;  if  a  breeder,  or  beginner,  you  can  save  the  middle- 

TTlftn’s  nroflf  Al«r>  Oil o  +  Tw. _ l . 1  __ 


j/uvuwt  VI  cviuc  «M1U  OVC  XV.  XV.  DUtUOIlM,  YillP 

on  O.  &  W.,  Vernon,  Syracuse  &  Utica  Electrics. 

F.  H.  RIVENBURGH,  Hillhurst  Farm,  Munnsville,  N.  Y. 


OAKLAND  FARM  HOLSTEINS 

FINE  INDIVIDUALS— LARGE  PRODUCERS 

Choice  YOUNG  BULLS  For  Sale 

Write,  stating  just  what  you  want . 

T.  A.  MITCHELL#,  WeciUport,  N.  Y. 


READY  FOR  SERVICE-^®*™ 

DE  KOL  4th,  registered  show  Holstein,  horn 
Dec.  5,  1910.  Nearly  all  white.  Prize  winner  at 
Fall  Fairs.  Price,  $100  f.  o.  b.  Send  for  pedigree 
CLOVERDALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

ti,ibioo»i«e  (jOLSTEINS 


dale  Herd  of 


are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  hulls  for  sale;  no  females. 

A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somerville  N.  J. 

CAR  QA  I  P  OR  EXCHANGE.  2  Grandsons  of  Heng 
run  erveld  Do  Kol,  3  and  7  months  old 

for  Holstein  heifer  or  young  cow.  OH.  HACKED, 
Kitchawan,  Westchester  County,  New  York. 


HOLSTEIN  BULL  CALVES 

ter  Bov,  62729,  for  sale  cheap.  OSWEGO  RIVER 
STOCK  FARMS,  Phoenix,  New  York. 


FLORHAM  GUERNSEYS.... 

Several  Yearling  Bulls  for  sale  at  very  moderate 
prices.  Pedigrees  and  photographs  furnished. 

J.  I,.  HOPE  Madison,  New  Jersey 


MEADOW  BROOK  GUERNSEYS 

Several  Bull  Calves  from  one  to  nine  months  old, 
from  dams  and  sires  that  are  prize  winners  and 
large  producers.  If  you  want  quality  and  quantity 
write  ns  for  full  particulars.  Address  SUPT., 
Meadow  Brook  Farm,  Bornardsville,  N.  J. 


Breed  Up— Not  Down 


DUTCH  BELTED  CATTLEE 

CHAS.  STEWART  DAVISON  ► 
GO  Wall  St.,  New  York  City  t 

W-T  .  T  T  T  ,  .  .  T  -j 

-Jersey  Bull  Calves 
you  can  afford  to 
buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  K.  F. 
8HANNUN.  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

FflR  SAI  F-Registered  jerseys-cows. 
run  call  heifers  and  young  bulls; 

large  selection;  blue  ribbon  winners;  won  in  butter 
contests.  Come  and  see  them.  Full  particulars  of 

DAVID  WALLACE,  Supt.  Rumsonliill  Farm,  Fairhaven,  N.  J. 

Milk  Producers  for.  New  York  City  market 

miin  ujuuicti  desiring  information  how  to 
form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning  Otisville.  N.  Y 


/  ‘The 

Guernseys 

have  proven  jliera-  \  \  the  Most  Economical 

selves'  Is  F>ro(hlcers  °l  Dairy 

Products  of  the  t 

/  Highest  Quality  and  Best  Color 

The  prepotency  of  the  Guernsey  Bull  or  his 
ability  to  stamp  the  desirable  characteristics  of  the 
breed  on  his  offspring 

Makes  him  most  valuable  for  improving  the 
common  dairy  stock  of  any  section. 


SWI3NTE 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  Quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.Y 


FOR  SALE— At  reasonable  prices— Twenty-eight 

young  REGISTERED  BERKSHIRE  PIGS  from 
o  weeks  to  4  months  old,  grandsons  and  daughters 
of  Master  Chief,  from  $10.00  up.  OH.  P.  HATCH 
1  lum  Beach  Farm,  Port  Washington,  Long  Island. 

Meadow  Brook  Berkshires 

Q,.?r{imI>Fa11  °ffori"K  of  large  and  vigorous  breed- 
lurSi,!'  ",°.;lkm’  "liases.  Also  young 

F.mOstn,ni  5s  and  trlPs-  ^ ,IIS  stock  represents 
English  and  American  best  strain.  Prices  model- 
ate  Quality  guaranteed.  Your  address  will  secure 
lull  description  and  prices.  Address  SUPT., 
Meadow  Brook  Farm,  Bernardsville,  N.  J. 


START  RIGHT  Srot£AIR 

HIGH-BRED  BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

Bied  for  Utility  of  the  Best  Strains. 

Write  for  particulars. 

CHERRY  HILL  FRUIT  FARM,  Toboso,  Licking  Co.,  Ohio 

SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES,- H* 

hJSTSS!;  br°”  foref.^V',pnj„i;,?iSel;,L!Si 

forUVn,^hatSOniS  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  Maicb  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  now 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON.  Pimirietor,  Marbledale,  Conn.' 

FASHIONABLY  BRED  BERKSHIRES 

as  ’nerrAmysmrr 

Large  Berkshires  at  Highwood 

To  make  room  for  75  you,,;  Sows  that  we  are  breeding  for 
Si"  mg  litters,  we  are  offering  so  selected  Roars  ready  for 
immediate  service  at  prices  ranging  from  $25  to  $50.  These 
an-  great  bargains.  11.  C.  St  H.  li.  IIarpk.ndino,  Dundee,  N.  Y. 


GIVEN“^0Ff^hlre  °VT>nroc  for  a  few 

.  ilOlUS  Ot  yoill*  fcilTlft,  St&mT)  for  r>nvH- 

culars.  PENNA,  BERKSHIRE  COMPANY 
lannettaburg, _ Pennsylvania! 


BERKSHIRES.— SPECIAL  OFFERING 

r'f  o.  va  as.  *s 

numbering 7 ^  They  a,e  fmm  "Her, 

numbering  <  to  1.J,  from  Boars  and  Sows  which 

For  Sale-Registered  Chester  Whites 

Eioht  e“ks  °“*  ®°*^s  a!!d  Barrows,  $6.00  to  $7.00 

gHESTER  WHUEG-Rogistered  Service  Boars.  Also 

U  Lied  Gilts,  Address  EUGENE  T.  BLACK.  Scio,  N.  Y. 

CHESHIRES — '  I'he  long,  deep-bodied,  white  bacon  hoc- 

IST‘n“,".T!Siiii«{,''M.S'.‘ii.r?ir’ 
CHESHIRES-', eg,  SQX'E.’s”nTH.'c^T?i.;,|l'!<.ll)! 

FflR  SAI  F“A  Iot  of  nice  CHESHIRE  PIGS, 
MnnJoi  farrowed.  in  September.  Price, 
$8.00  each  either  sex,  registered,  crated  and  doliv- 
eieti  to  Express  Company  Address  MPai^p 
MENT  OF  AN IMAL  H&sWaNDRY  Ithaca^N  y! 


A  Dairy  of  Grade  Guernseys  will  give  Rich, 
Fine-Flavored,  High-Colored  Milk, 
Cream  and  Butter. 


FURTHER  INFORMATION  REGARDING  TIIE  GRADE 
GUERNSEYS  BY  ADDRESSING 

The  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club 


Box  R 


PET3SRBORO,  N.  II. 


CHESHIRES  T,16  1(le,a!  borne  pork-maker. 

V  UIXIAVI^O  Meat  of  highest  quality;  splen- 
Mi  l  mmiii  ~*~*~*~  did  ...hams,  excellent  bacon. 

M0RNINGSIDE  FARM,  Sylvania,  Pa. 

CAR  Cill  FT2!?  Caster  White  Boars,  weight 

IUhI  MM  LE  225  lbs.  each.  These  young  Hoars 
are  sired  by  Sunny  Jim,  No.  15625,  the  greatest 
Chester  White  sire  of  to-day.  Everyone  a  perfect 
individual.  Price  $25.00  each,  if  ordered  at  once 

heart’s  delight  farm 

C.  it.  Hamilton,  Mgr.,  Chnzy,  New  Y  ork, 

DUROC  PIGS,  SB,  Growthy,  Pedigreed.  Angora 
Kittens, $3.50 each.  Sereno  Weeks,  DeGraff,  Ohio. 

.  FOR  sale-fancy  stock 
DUROC  JERSEY  RED  SWINE  -  DELAINE  MERINO  RAMS 
-  CHICKENS,  GEESE  AND  DUCKS  - 
J.  H.  LEWIS  -  Cadiz,  Ohio,  R.E.D.  2 

OHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex 
°  Bred  Sows.  .Service  Hoars.  Best  of  breeding 
C.  K.  BARNES.  Oxford,  N.  Y. 

niipnPC  THE  mG*  beep  fellows 

UUIlUUu  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  (lilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

■SHKNANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 

miRflP  JERSEY  SERVICE  BOARS-200  lbs. 

,7T.n,rTV  Bred  Gilts-  Ju»°  BOARS  and  GILTS. 
C.  C.  MILLER,  Route  9,  Decatur,  Ind. 


OHIO  BLUE  RIBBON  HERD  MULE  FOOT  HOGS 

_  _  Largest  prize  winning  show  and  breeding  herd. 
Foumlal ion  stock  of  all  ages.  Seven  big  Herd 
Boars.  JOHN  H.  DUNLAP,  Itox  R,  WILLIAMSPORT,  OHIO 


Mill  C  CflflT  and0-  LC-  FALL  PIGS,  eligible 
ITIULL "I  UU  I  to  registry.  Prices  right.  Qual¬ 
ity  best.  O.  T.  GOODWIN,  Medina,  Ohio. 


0  1  p  l|n(ye-I  have  fine  young  Sows  and  service 
■  ll  Ua  nUgS  Boars.  Also  young  Pigs  Jmd  Indian 
Runner  Ducks  for  sale  at  low  prices.  * 

JOHN  E.  HEATWOLE,  Harrisonburg,  Va. 


O  |  0  lo  OF  SUPERIOR  QUALITY— Aug.  &  Sept.  Pigs, 
Ui  li  u.  o  pairs  and  trios,  not  akin.  Registered  in 
buyer’s  name.  Fred  Nickel,  Monroe,  Mich.,  R.  No.  1. 


Purebred  Registered 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

are  unequalled  money-makers.  They  are  large, 
vigorous  and  easy  to  care  for,  and  produce  milk  of  a 
quality  especially  desirable  for  invalids  and  infants. 
Their  great  yield  contains  a  higher  total  of  fat 
than  any  other  breed  can  produce,  and  in  the  cheese 
and  condensary  trade  where  an  abnormal  fat  percentage 
is  pure  waste  their  earnings  almost  double  those  of  breeds 
whose  milk  capacity  has  been  sacrificed  to  get  a  large  per¬ 
centage  of  fat. 

Send  for  Free  Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets. 
They  contain  valuable  information  for  any  Dairy¬ 
man. 

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN  ASS’N,  F.  L.  HOUGHTON,  Secy,  Box  105,  Brattleboro,  Vt. 


1104 

nvn  x  Xj 

The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $2.01 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  4*4  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


December  2, 


Local  dairymen  at  Anderson,  Ind.,  made 
an  advance  of  one  cent  a  quart  in  milk 
prices  November  20.  The  new  schedule  is 
six  cents  a  quart  wholesale  and  seven  cents 
retail.  The  dairymen  explained  that  they 
could  not  meet  with  the  requirements  of 
the  State  Board  of  Health  and  sell  milk  at 
the  old  rates.  The  dealers  have  combined 
in  the  Anderson  Dairy  Association  and  are 
a  unit  in  advancing  prices.  Eleven  of  the 
local  dairymen  were  arrested  the  week  pre¬ 
vious  on  'charges  brought  by  Deputy  State 
Food  Inspector  Tucker,  in  which  he  alleged 
that  most  of  the  milk  contained  visible  dirt. 
One  dairyman  pleaded  guilty  and  paid  a 
fine  of  $21  and  costs.  The  newly  formed 
association  adopted  a  resolution  asserting 
that  the  present  pure  food  law  should  be 
repealed,  and  condemning  Inspector  Tucker, 
who  has  “treated  them  in  an  unfair  man¬ 
ner,”  they  say.  Charles  E.  Davis  and  Dan¬ 
iel  Wilson  were  chosen  to  lay  the  resolution 
before  the  State  Board  of  Health  and  to 
make  formal  charges  of  incompetcncy 
against  Tucker. 


The  “Ellis  Milk  Bill.” 

It  seems  generally  acknowledged  that 
Gov.  Foss  of  Massachusetts  owes  his  rc- 
elec.tion  to  the  farmers,  and  more  particu¬ 
larly  to  the  milk  producers.  He  vetoed 
what  was  known  as  the  “Ellis  Milk  Bill” 
largely  because  the  milk  producers  demand¬ 
ed  it,  and  “the  farmers  stood  by  him.” 
The  point  at  issue  was  that  this  Ellis  bill 
was  called  a  “consumers’  ”  bill,  framed  from 
the  standpoint  of  the  people  who  buy  and 
consume  the  milk.  It  centralized  the  con¬ 
trol  of  making  and  selling  milk  in  the  hands 
of  the  State  Board  of  Health,  giving  the 
farming  interests  no  representation  what¬ 
ever.  This  lack  of  representation  for  milk 
producers  was  the  argument  against  the 
bill,  and  the  farmers  sustained  Gov.  Foss 
for  his  veto.  The  following  statement  is  a 
fair  expression  of  the  opinion  of  many 
farmers  : 

“There  was  a  strong  feeling  among  the 
milk  producers  against  giving  the  State 
Board  of  Health  absolute  power  over  their 
business,  and  there  was  the  same  feeling 
that  the  same  rules  would  not  be  as  strictly 
enforced  ("if  they  could  be  at  all)  in  the 
other  States  which  also  ship  milk  to  the 
Boston  market,  as  here  in  Massachusetts. 
Now  our  cattle  and  barns  are  inspected  by 
local  inspectors  with  satisfactory  results, 
and  with  other  laws  in  force  there  is  little 
chance  of  impure  milk  going  upon  our  mar¬ 
kets  in  this  State.  Perhaps  as  sensible  a 
part  of  this  bill  as  any  as  originally  drawn 
was  that  which  made  a  criminal  of  a  man 
who  sold  even  a  quart  of  milk  to  a  sick  neigh¬ 
bor  and  did  not  have  a  State  license  to 
make  milk.  This  was  later  amended  so 
five  quarts  could  be  sold  a  day  without  such 
license.  This  amount  evidently  was  de¬ 
cided  upon  to  encourage  some  small  farmer 
who  wished  to  sell  a  few  quarts  to  his 
neighbors  to  keep  a  rundown  or  farrow 
cow.  If  part  of  a  cow’s  milk  was  fit  to 
sell,  why  forbid  a  man  to  sell  the  rest  of 
it?  I  believe  Gov.  Foss  did  the  right  thing 
in  vetoing  this  bill,  and  the  reasons  he  gave 
for  so  doing  should  convince  anyone  of  its 
injustice  to  the  farming  class. 

“In  regard  to  my  personal  opinion,  would 
say,  first,  that  I  am  opposed  to  giving  any¬ 
one  absolute  power  over  the  business  inter¬ 
ests  of  others :  that  it  is  not  well  for  the 
average  man  to  enjoy  such  power,  or  for 
others  to  submit  to  what  they  feel  is  an 
injustice  without  any  chance  of  appeal.  We 
have  here  a  very  arbitrary  law  for  the  pro¬ 
tection  of  roadside  trees.,  and  considered  by 
some  good  lawyers  as  unconstitutional, 
where  absolute  power  is  given  one  man.  I 
know  such  power  can  be  used  unjustly  and 
even  for  graft:  that  such  laws  as  en¬ 
forced  is  a  great  hardship  to  the  small  pro¬ 
ducer.  Massachusetts  has  many  small  farms 
where  former  owners  earned  part  of  their 
living  working  for  others  in  small  shops 
built  upon  their  own  farms.  Those  are 
abandoned  to-day.  and  many  such  places 
support  a  family  by  producing  a  variety  of 
products  for  local  markets :  eggs.  milk, 
vegetables,  fruit,  etc.,  and  even  wood  and 
lumber  on  its  poorer  land,  and  all  can  be 
sold  within  a  few  miles  of  home.  Such  a 
man  finds  it  hard  to  follow  rules  that 
might  not  injure  the  business  of  a  large 
dairyman.  There  are  many  opportunities 
for  those  who  wish  to  sell  their  labor  here 
and  the  milk  producers  find  the  labor  prob¬ 
lem  harder  as  the  years  roll  by.  They  do 
not  object  to  clean  and  pure  milk  or  rules 
which  they  can  practically  carry  out :  but 
cast-iron  rules  are  hard  to  make  which  fit 
the  cohditions  of  all.  Will  they,  by  their 
weight,  crush  the  life  out  of  the  under  dog 
in  the  fight  of  the  small  producer  for  a 
living  wage,  is  a  question  the  future  must 
decide.”  h.  o.  mead. 

A  Fake  Cow  Trade. 

Here  is  a  new  one  in  the  cow  fraud  line. 
We  have  told  several  times  of  the  rogue 
who  steals  a  good  cow  out  of  a  pasture  and 
leads  her  through  the  country  for  trade  or 
sale.  This  liar  usually  has  a  job  off  some¬ 
where  and  must  dispose  of  the  old  “family 
cow.”  He  hates  to  let  her  go  so  cheap, 
but  is  compelled  to  do  so.  The  buyer 
thinks  he  has  a  great  bargain,  only  to  find 
he  has  bought  a  stolen  cow  and  must  give 
her  up.  The  new  fake  operates  as  told  by 
one  of  the  victims  : 

“A  man  came  to  my  home  last  Saturday 
in  my  absence,  and  prevailed  upon  my  wife 
by  misleading  and  false  statements  to  ex¬ 
change  our  cow  for  one  he  was  leading.  Our 
cow  was  a  fairly  good  cow,  sound,  and 
giving  eight  to  nine  quarts  of  milk  and 
worth  $45.  Upon  my  return  an  hour  and 
a  half  later  I  recognized  his  cow  as  one 
kept  all  Summer  in  the  vicinity,  and  which 
wras  considered  to  be  affected  with  tuber¬ 
culosis  and  unsalable  at  any  price  to  any 
man  who  knew  the  cow.  She  is  a  finely 
bred  cow,  as  he  contended.  He  made  my 
wife  believe  she  would  give  five  or  six 
quarts  of  milk,  and  better,  with  good  treat¬ 
ment  (which  latter  claim  is  no  doubt  truer. 
As  a  fact  she  gives  three  quarts.  He  said 
positively  and  repeatedly,  in  answer  to  her 
recreated  questions  on  that  point,  that  she 
was  sound  and  all  right.  I  have  applied  t  - 
the  State  Veterinary  to  have  her  tested  :  if 
she  is  free  from  tuberculosis  I  should  reckon 
my  loss  at  $30  at  least,  as  it  is  a  question 


if  she  could  be  brought  up  to  a  flow  of 
milk  that  would  pay  for  feed  alone  through 
the  Winter.  If  she  reacts  I  would  not  have 
had  her  put  into  my  stable  for  the  time 
I  shall  have  to  keep  her  if  he  had  piven  me 
the  cow  and  a  ten-dollar  bill.  He  could 
not  have  induced  my  wife  to  swap  the  cows 
if  he  had  declined  to  state  so  positively 
that  the  cow  was  sound.  He  even  had  the 
nerve  to  try  to  get  $10  to  boot.  I  ought  to 
add  that  he  started  away  with  his  cow 
after  my  wife  had  said  she  couldn't  do  any¬ 
thing  about  it,  but  his  statements  about 
the  value  of  the  cow  had  made  such  an 
impression  upon  my  wifi®  that  she  thought 
it  was  letting  an  unusual  opportunity  slip, 
and  she  called  him  back  to  ask  if  he  would 
trade.  Before  that  he  had  tried  to  sell  her 
the  cow  for  $30,  saying  he  had  paid  $25 
to  a  poor  woman,  etc.,  etc. 


How  Milk  Inspectors  Vary. 

The  following  report  is  from  a  govern¬ 
ment  expert.  It  will  show  the  injustice 
which  may  be  done  a  farmer  when  his  milk 
is  accepted  or  rejected  on  the  basis  of  our 
arbitrary  “inspection”  : 

“I  was  recently  invited  to  go  into  a 
certain  Illinois  town  to  instruct  the  in¬ 
spectors  in  the  use  of  the  score  card,  and 
to  familiarize  them  with  my  ideas  relative 
to  the  subject.  The  first  day  we  scored 
only  two  dairies,  one  in  the  forenoon  and 
one  in  the  afternoon,  taking  plenty  of  time 
to  discuss  among  ourselves  and  with  the 
dairymen  each  item  involved  and  the  rea¬ 
sons  for  the  score  assigned  to  each.  The 
next  day  we  went  to  another  dairy  and  each 
one  scored  it.  working  independent  of  the 
others.  When  we  had  finished  our  scores 
were  compared,  and  the  result  is  shown  be¬ 
low  : 

Equip¬ 
ment.  Methods.  Total. 

Inspector  .  11.90  12.00  24.50 

Mr.  A .  10.25  12.70  22.95 

Mr.  B .  9.80  11:45  21.25 

Mr.  C .  14.75  13.80  28.55 

“The  widest  difference  was  7.3.  The 
smallest  difference  between  any  two  was 
1.7.  One  was  1.55  below  me  and  another 
one  was  3.25  below  me,  while  the  high  man 
was  4.5  above  me. 

“This  seems  to  me  to  be  a  fair  illustra¬ 
tion  of  the  beauties  of  the  score  card  sys¬ 
tem  of  inspection  in  that  different  persons 
scoring  the  same  dairy,  even  when  some  of 
them  are  considerably  inexperienced,  will 
come  as  near  together  as  the  above  figures 
indicate.  The  rating  of  a  dairy  when  prop¬ 
erly  done  is  not  a  thing  of  mystery  and  un¬ 
certainty.  Any  milk  producer  who  will  be 
honest  with  himself  can  score  his  dairy  as 
well  as  the  inspector,  and  the  final  rating 
will  come  very  near  being  in  absolute  agree¬ 
ment.  I  have  had  a  few  bits  of  experiences 
where  the  dairyman  was  more  severe  with 
himself  than  I  was,  and  rated  his  dairy  a 
few  points  lower  than  the  figures  I  gave  it.” 


At  an  auction  on  November  13,  cows 
coming  fresh  next  Spring  were  $20  to  $30 
each ;  fresh  cows,  $40  to  $00 ;  yearlings, 
$15 ;  last  Spring  calves,  $7.  This  stock 
was  common  or  scrub,  and  not  in  very 
good  condition.  Horse,  weight,  1,300 
pounds,  20  years  old.  sound  and  a  good 
one,  $50;  horse,  17  years,  $74;  eight-weeks- 
old  pigs,  $2;  brood  sows.  $12  to  $16;  hay, 
$20  per  tou,  which  is  $4  or  $5  above  gen¬ 
eral  market.  Potatoes,  75  cents  per  bushel. 
Apples  are  worth  here  30  to  50  cents;  not 
much  demand  for  them.  Butter.  25  to  35 
cents  per  pound.  Local  creameries  run  on 
cooperative  plau  paid  35  cents  for  butter 
fat  for  mouth  of  October.  Milk  at  Mont¬ 
rose.  Pa.,  Bordens,  with  Borden  prices.  At 
South  Montrose,  10  cents  under  Bordens’ 
for  four  per  cent  milk.  c.  D.  d. 

Birehardville.  Pa. 


Quality  You  Can’t  Equal 
— a  Price  You  Can’t  Beat! 


Direct  From 
Factory 
Freight 
Prepaid 


[or  lfW 
cs  are  | 


Here’s 
the  Genuine— All 
Others  are  Weak  Imitations 


Let  us  show  you  1  Send  name  on  postal  for  book 
and  price.  Detroit-American  is  first  genuine  tongue¬ 
less  disc  ever  invented!  Features  protected  for 
years  by  patents.  All  other  "tongueless”  discs 
built  like  old  styles  with  tongues  cut  off.  Years 
behind  the  Detroit-American.  No  one  else  will  give 
you  30  days’  trial  with  money  in  your  pocket — no 
deposit — freight  paid,  cash  or  credit  and  factory 
prices!  No  other  harrow  good  enough  to  sell 
itself. 

Detroit-American 
Tongueless  Disc 


Sold  Direct  from  Factory  Com¬ 
plete,  with  Hitch  Free.  The  only 
all  steel  tongueless  c-isc  made.  Prac¬ 
tically  no  chance  of  breakage  —  no 
repairs— no  delays— no  waiting  for 
new  paits— no  express  bills.  Steel  wheels  have  wide  tires.  Steel  axle  is  high  arched  and 
gives  good  clearance.  Trucks  are  flexible.  Wheels  pass  over  uneven  places  and  stones 
without  disturbing  balance.  Double  levers— each  section  works  independently.  Adjustable 
holddowns  insure  uniform  depth  of  cut.  Disc  sections  do  not  strike  together. 
End  thrust  taken  up  by  a  hard  maple  ring  bearing.  Only  harrow  with 
steel  separators  between  blades.  Hitch  free  to  suit  size  of  harrow. 

Mail  Postal  Now!  Xj,  Xhm'i$ 

other  features.  Detroit-American  All  Steel  Harrows  are  made  in 
sixteen  sizes,  cut  from  4  ft.  to  10  ft.  in  width,  16,  18,  or  20  inch  blade  as 
ordered  and  cutaway  style  if  desired.  Book  also  shows  world’s  best 
manure  spreaders,  engines  and  cultivators.  Send  your  postal  now. 

AMERICAN  HARROW  COMPANY 
1625  Hastings  Street  Detroit,  Michigan 


(5) 


'°0/j 


>  u S  TO  M 
M  /V  D  E 


KING 


Made  from  the  finest  hides  tanned  by  the 
old-fashioned  stole  process.  King  Custom 
Made  Harness  outlives  the  horse— been 
known  to  last  as  long  as  3Q  years  in  good 
i  condition.  Sold  direct  from  factory — no 
middleman’s  profits— saves  you  50c.  on 
the  dollar.  Guaranteed  to  satisfy  or  your 
money  refunded.  Sent  on  approval — low 
prices  will  surprise  you.  Write  to-day 
lor  terms  and  big  free  illustrated  cat¬ 
alogue  F.  KING  HARNESS  CO., 
6  Late  St,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.,  A.  Y. 


m 


HARN 


WATER 


RUNNING 

WHEN  AND  WHERE  YOU  WANT  IT 

Water  pumped  day  and  night  automatically 
from  nearby  stream,  pond  or  spring.  No 
expense ;  no  attention  ;  no  repairs.  A 

FflQTFR  H,GH"  RAM  is  low  in 

ruoicn  DUTY  nflm  first  cost 
and  high  in  efficiency.  No 
’attention  or  expense  to  main¬ 
tain.  Write  us  for  Freo  Book 
of  helpful  suggestions. 

POWER  SPECIALTY  COMPANY 

111  Broadway,  New  York 


WHEELS,  FREIGHT  PAID,  $8.75 

for  4  Buggy  Wheels,  Steel  Tires.  With  Rubber  Tires, 
$18.45.  Rerubbing  your  wheels,  $10.30.  I  manufacture 
wheels  %  to  4  in. tread.  Buggy  Tops,  $6.50;  Shafts, $2. 10. 
Learn  how  to  buy  direct.  Catalog  free.  Repair  wheels, 
$5.95.  Wagon  Umbrella  Frkb,  \Y  .  ji  BOOB#  Cln’ti,  0< 


This  Picture 

In  14  Colors,, 

To  Hang 


In  Your  X 


Home 


BEAUTIFUL  PAINTING 
OF  DAN  PATCH 

Reproduced  on  Extra  Heavy,  Fine  Enamel  Stock  and  in  14 
Perfectly  Blended  Colors  and  Shadings  by  the  Marvelous, 
Newly  Invented  “Original  Colors”  Process.  Size  of  picture 
1  will  send  you  is  21  x  26  inches,  making  a  Splendid  Picture 
to  Hang  in  any  Home  or  Office  as  it  is  Absolutely  Free  of 
any  Advertising.  It  will  be  mailed,  postage  paid,  in  an 
'Extra  Heavy  Mailing  Tube  to  insure  safe  delivery . 


Free  for  Stockowners,  Postage  Prepaid 


FREE 
In  14  Colors 


Do  You  Expect  To  See  The  Day  When  These 
Wonderful  Dan  Patch  Records  Will  Be  Equalled  ? 

Dan  Patch  1:55 


1  Mile  in  -  -  - 

-  -  1:55 

1  Mile  in  - 

-  -  1:55% 

2  Miles  in 

-  1:56 

14  Miles  Averaging  - 

-  -  1:56% 

30  Miles  Averaging 

-  -  1:57% 

45  Miles  Averaging  - 

.  -  1:58 

73  Miles  Averaging 

-  -  1:59% 

120  Miles  Averaging  - 

-  -  2:02% 

Dan  Has  Broken  World  Records  14  Times. 

Dan  is  also  Leading  2:10  Sire  of  the  World  for  liis  age. 
Sire  of  ‘‘Dazzle  Patch”  the  Greatest  Speed  Marvel 
of  tho  World’s  History,  which  paced  a  half  mile  in 
fifty-nine  seconds,  and  one-eighth  of  a  mile  in 
thirteen  seconds,  a  1:44  Clip,  when  only  28  months 
old,  in  1911.  Also  Pearl  Patch  4  year  trial  2:04, 
Some  of  Dan’s  Colts  will  be  Champion  Trotters  AS 
well  as  Pacers.  Why  not  Raiso  or  Buy  One? 


This  Splendid  Paint¬ 
ing  of  Dan’s  Head  was 
made  from  life  and  I 
want  to  Personally  as¬ 
sure  you  that  it  is  as 
Natural  and  Lifelike 
as  if  Dan  stood  right 
before  you,  in  his  Present 
Splendid  Physical  Condition. 
This  is  an  Elegant  Picture 
for  hanging  in  the  Finest 
Home  or  Office.  It  is  an  exact  and 
perfect  Color  Reproduction  of  the  Finest 
Painting  ever  made  of  the  Sensational  and 
World  Famous  Champion  Stallion,  Dan  Patch  1 :55. 

I  think  so  much  of  this  painting  that  Iliad  it  repro¬ 
duced  in  a  Beautiful  Stained  Art  Glass  Window  in  my  Country 
Home.  This  picture  will  be  a  pleasure  for  you  as  long  as  you 
live  because  it  shows  Dan’s  true  expression  of  Kindness  and 
his  lovable  Disposition  as  natural  as  life.  You  cannot  buy  a 
Picture  like  this  because  I  Own  The  Painting  and  have  reserved 
it  Exclusively  for  this  use.  Would  you  like  the  Finest  14  Color, 
Horse  Picture  ever  published  in  the  world  of  the  Fastest  Har¬ 
ness  Horse  in  all  Horse  History?  People  are  Perfectly 
Delighted  with  this  Splendid  Picture  and  are  constantly  writing 
me,  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  that  it  is  the  Finest  they  have 
ever  seen  and  thousands  of  them  are  hanging  in  fine  Homes  and 
Offices.  A  Splendid,  14  Color  Reproduction  of  Above  Painting 
mailed  Absolutely  Free,  To  Farmers  or  Stockraisers  OVER  21 
YEARS  OF  AGE,  If  You  Own  Stock  and  Answer  Two  Questions. 
Write  Me  Today,  a  Postal  Card  or  Letter  and  Answer  These 
Two  Questions:  1st.  How  Many  Head  of  Each  Kind  of  Live 
Stock  and  Poultry  do  you  own?  2nd.  In  What  Paper  did  you 
see  my  offer?  Picture  will  be  mailed  free  to  Stockowners. 

ANSWER  TWO  QUESTIONS  FOR  THIS  SPLENDID  PICTURE, 


For  over  25  years  I  have  been  guaranteeing  that  “Interna¬ 
tional  Stock  Food”  as  a  Tonic  purifies  the  blood,  aids  digestion 
and  assimilation  so  that  every  animal  obtains  more  nutrition 
from  all  grain  eaten  and  produces  more  nerve  force,  more 
strength  and  endurance.  Over  Two  Million  Farmers  strongly 
endorse  superior  tonic  qualities  of  “International  Stock  Food” 
for  Horses,  Cattle,  Sheep,  Ilogs.  It  Always  Saves  Grain. 

Dan  Patch  1 :55  has  eaten  it  Every  Day,  mixed  with  his  grain, 
for  over  Eight  Years,  just  as  you  eat  the  medicinal  mustard,  pep¬ 
per,  salt,  etc.,  mixed  with  your  own  food.  Minor  Heir  1  :58% ; 
George  Gano  2:02;  Lady  Maud  C  2:00%,  and  Hedgewood  Boy 
2:01,  have  eaten  it  Every  Day  for  past  Two  to  Four  Years  and 
they  have  all  lowered  their  very  low  records  during  this  time 
which  is  additional,  indisputable  proof  that  “International  Stock 
Food”  as  a  Tonic  gives  more  speed  and  more  strength  and 
more  endurance  because  everybody  thought  these  Five  Horses 
had  reached  their  speed  limits  before  I  got  them.  It  will  also 
keep  your  Work  Horses  fat  and  sleek  and  in  Extra  Strength  to 
do  More  Farm  Work  or  Heavy  Hauling.  It  Always  Saves  Grain. 

<?  ASK  MY  DEALER  IN  YOUIl  CITY  FOR  MY  STOCK  BOOK. 

^  International  Stock  Food  is  a  high-class,  medicinal,  vegetable 
tonic  and  is  equally  good  for  All  Kinds  of  Live  Stock.  I  feed  it 
every  day  on  my  ‘‘International  Stock  Food  Farm”  of  700 
acres  to  my  200  Stallions,  Cha.npions,  Brood  Mares,  Colts. 
Work  Horses,  etc.  You  can  test  100  lbs.  or  500  lbs.  at  my  risk. 
Over  200,000  Dealers  sell  it  on  a  Spot  Cash  Guarantee  to  refund 
money  if  it  ever  fails  to  give  paying  results. 

Its  Feeding  Cost  is  only  “3  FEEDS  for  ONE  CENT.” 


Dan  Patch  is  the  Great  World  Champion  of  all  Champions 
that  have  ever  lived,  lie  Also  Has  42  In  Official  Speed  List. 


Ho  has  paced  more  Extremely  Fast  Miles  than  all  the  Combined 
Miles  of  all  the  Pacers  and  Trotters  in  the  World’s  History. 
DO  NOT  BELIEVE  YOU  WOULD  TAKE  $10.00  for  tho 


Picture  I  will  send  you  Free  if  you  could  not  secure  another  copy.  Write  me  at  once  and  ANSWER  QUESTIONS  and  the  Beautiful 
Picture  Is  yours  FREE.  Over  Two  Million  Farmers  and  Stockowners  havo  written  me  for  a  Dan  Patch  Picture.  Address, 

M.  W.  SAVAGE  -  MINNEAPOLIS,  MkNN. 

OR,  INTERNATIONAL  STOCK  FOOD  CO.,  Minneapolis 


1911. 


THIS  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


lies 


The  Henyard. 


The  Engineer’s  Brooders. 

We  want  very  much  to  know  just  how 
Mr.  Thatcher  arranges  his  brooders,  and 
sprouts  his  oats.  e.  m.  a. 

Massachusetts. 

Our  brooders  are  simply  2%x4  feet,  boxes 
one  foot  high,  placed  in  our  8x8  colony 
houses.  There  is  no  bottom  in  these 
boxes,  as  the  floor  of  house  is  airtight, 
being  covered  with  heavy  roofing  paper.  For 
a  cover  16  inches  of  board  running  length¬ 
wise  of  the  box,  the  remainder  a  muslin 
covered  frame.  On  the  under  side  of  this 
board  is  the  heating  drum  and  pipe  taken 
from  brooders  we  had  bought  and  found 
too  small  for  our  purpose.  The  lamp  is  in 
a  small  box  that  fits  close  up  to  the  end 
of  brooder  box.  Board  cover  is  not  fast¬ 
ened  to  brooder  box. 

For  sprouting  oats  when  weather  is  not 
freezing  we  use  box  three  feet  wide,  one 
foot  high,  any  length  desired ;  ours  is  16 
feet.  Place  same  convenient  to  water  sup¬ 
ply.  For  bottom  spread  on  the  ground 
one  inch  of  sand  and  cement  mixture,  not 
quite  level,  so  water  will  drain  off.  For 
cover  use  frame  covered  with  poultry  net¬ 
ting  and  old  bags.  Soak  oats  in  palls  24 
hours,  empty  in  heap  on  floor,  spread  to 
two  inches  deep  when  it  begins  to  sprout. 
Keep  wet.  In  Winter  we  sprout  in  wooden 
pails  in  cellar,  piled  five  high ;  holes  in 
bottom  of  pails ;  pour  hot  water  in  top 
pail.  L.  B.  THATCHER. 


Preserving  Hen  Droppings. 

What  shall  I  buy,  and  how  much  of  it.  to 
scatter  over  one  peck  of  hen  droppings, 
gathered  each  day,  and  put  in  barrels  for 
Spring  use,  to  preserve  the  same  and  make 
a  good  garden  or  general  fertilizer? 

Connecticut.  l.  h.  c. 

The  simplest  plan  for  a  small  lot  of  hen 
manure  is  to  scatter  plaster  or  sulphate  of 
lime  over  it.  Use  enough  to  make  the 
manure  white.  This  will  dry  and  preserve 
the  manure,  but  does  not  make  a  “perfect 
fertilizer.”  To  make  that,  crush  the  dry 
manure  in  Spring  and  follow  the  directions 
in  “The  Business  Hen.” 


Trouble  with  Ducks. 

We  have  about  140  White  Pekin  ducks 
in  good  condition.  We  keep  them  in  a 
well-ventilated  house  35  by  85  feet,  di¬ 
vided  into  four  pens ;  good  comfortable 
beddings  and  rat  proof  and  nothing  so  far 
as  we  can  see  to  disturb  them.  Yet  for  the 
past  two  months  they  keep  up  fire  greatest 
commotion  at  night  unless  we  hang  a 
lantern  in  the  house.  Can  you  give  the 
cause?  j  h 

Shields,  Pa. 

Many  Pekin  breeders  make  a  continuous 
practice  of  hanging  a  lantern  at  night. 
But.  in  this  case,  despite  the  help  of  the 
lantern.  I  am  inclined  to  think  they  have 
not  been  fed  enough  at  night.  Ducks  are 
always  noisy  when  hungry.  If  it  is  real 
panic,  it  must  be  because  they  had  a  bad 
fright  sometime.  Ducks  are  subject  to 
such  aftermath  from  bad  fright;  sometimes 
never  seem  to  get  over  it.  c.  s.  v. 


Cotton  Seed  for  Hens;  Crude  Fiber. 

1.  Why  won’t  cotton-seed  meal  do  to  feed 
chickens’?  I  can  get  cotton-seed  meal,  41 
per  cent,  protein,  for  $1 .65.  while  linseed 
meal,  32  per  cent,  protein,  is  $2.50.  Have 
any  careful  tests  been  made  with  cotton¬ 
seed  meal  in  dry  mash,  and  what  were  the 
results?  2.  What  harm  does  crude  fiber 
do  in  feed?  I  remember  seeing  the  state¬ 
ment  that  it  would  not  do  to  feed  hens  too 
many  sunflower  seeds  as  they  have  such  a 
high  per  cent,  of  crude  fiber. 

The  best  hen  nest  yet  is  a  lard  tub  which 
can  be  bought  of  grocers  for  a  nickel,  and  is 
greasy  enough  to  be  lice  proof.  L.  c.  p. 

Charlottesville,  Pa. 

1.  Cotton-seed  meal  is  not  a  proper  feed 
for  laying  hens,  as  it  will  color  the  eggs  a 
sort  of  greenish  tinge,  spoiling  their  sale, 
and  it  is  too  concentrated  for  young  chick¬ 
ens,  except  when  fed  in  very  small  quan¬ 
tities.  I  do  not  know  of  any  official  experi¬ 
ments  having  been  made  with  cotton-seed 
meal  in  a  dry  mash,  but  its  effect  would  be 
practically  the  same,  no  matter  how  it  was 
fed. 

2.  Too  much  crude  fiber  is  liable  to  over¬ 

work  the  digestive  organs  of  a  fowl  and 
cause  weakness  which  may  lead  to  disease 
and  loss.  Sunflower  seed,  like  a  great  many 
other  useful  feeds,  possesses  its  greatest 
value  when  fed  in  smal'  quantities  and  co-m 
bined  with  other  feeds  into  balanced  ra¬ 
tions.  c.  s.  G. 


Confined  Hens;  Feeding  Meat. 

I  have  just  completed  a  henhouse  after 
the  Corning  plan.  I  would  like  to  know 
if  letting  hens  out  daily  is  beneficial  or 
detrimental?  They  were  housed  about  Oc¬ 
tober  15.  Will  hens  esrt  too  much  fresh 
meat  if  it  is  hung  up  where  thev  can  help 
themselves?  j.  s.  c. 

Oswego,  N.  Y. 

If  J.  S.  C.  is  going  to  use  the  eggs  from 
these  birds  for  hatching  next  Spring  I 
would  give  them  their  libertv.  If  market 
eggs  only  are  wanted  he  will  get  more 
of  them  by  keeping  birds  in  house,  and 
they  will  keep  in  good  health  provided  he 
supplies  their  needs.  Whichever  plan  is 
adopted  stick  to  it.  as  changing  about  makes 
them  restless,  and  prevents  best  results. 
I  have  never  been  fortunate  enough  to 
have  all  the  fresh  moat  wanted  for  a  flock 
of  any  considerable  size.  But  if  I  had  good 
meat  I  should  not  hesitate  to  feed  it  the 
way  .T.  S.  C.  mentions,  provided  they  had 
plenty  of  greens  and  all  the  grain  they 
would  eat.  Watch  droppings ;  if  they  be¬ 
come  soft  and  watery  reduce  quantity  of 
meat.  l.  b.  tiiatcher. 


Proportion  of  Male  Birds. 

Will  you  give  me  the  proportion  of  hens 
to  a  male  in  the  following :  Leghorns, 
Wyndottes,  Pekin  ducks,  geese,  guineas? 


Unslaked  Lime  for  Heating. 

I  experience  considerable  trouble  in  the 
pigeon  lofts  during  cold  weather,  all  sorts 
of  diseases  spreading  at  that  time.  To 
heat  the  lofts  would  require  an  expensive 
plant  and  could  be  done  only  with  much 
difficulty ;  though  the  heat  of  course  would 
render  the  air  more  dry,  relatively  at 
least.  Can  anything  be  done  with  un¬ 
slaked  lime  in  this  direction?  Suppose 
you  have  a  low  box,  about  2x3  feet  and 
one  foot  high,  bottom  and  lid  being  solid 
wood,  the  sides  of  wire  netting,  and  you 
spread  unslaked  lime  in  this  box,  coarsely 
grained,  say  of  the  size  of  peas.  The  lime 
will  absorb  moisture  from  the  atmosphere 
and  thereby  will  get  somewhat  heated,  thus 
Improving  the  air  in  the  loft  in  two  ways. 
Do  you  think  this  worth  trying?  Do  you 
know  whether  it  has  been  tried? 

New  York.  N.  J. 

I  do  not  know  that  your  plan  has  ever 
been  tried  but  do  not  think  it  would  an¬ 
swer  the  object  you  have  in  view.  It 
would  undoubtedly  help  to  remove  foul 
odors  and  also  absorb  some  moisture  but 
would  give  out  its  heat  too  slowly  to  af¬ 
fect  the  temperature  of  a  properly  ven¬ 
tilated  pigeon  house.  I  am  strongly  inclined 
to  think  your  trouble  due  to  a  lack  of 
good  ventilation.  Average  Winter  weather 
may  cause  a  tendency  to  breed  slowly  or 
not  at  all.  but  it  seldom  promotes  disease. 
It  is  the  dampness  and  foul  air  that  results 
from  an  attempt  to  keep  a  house  warm 
without  artificial  heat  that  makes  more  trou¬ 
ble  than  any  amount  of  cold  air  properly 
circulated  through  the  building.  Try  re¬ 
placing  every  other  window  with  a  muslin 
frame  so  that  there  is  plenty  of  fresh  air 
without  any  drafts.  Unless  the  tempera¬ 
ture  is  about  zero  for  several  days,  your 
birds  are  not  likely  to  be  sluggish  or  dopy. 
By  all  means  try  the  lime  box  and  report 
results ;  it  may  help.  R.  B. 


Breeding  Pullets  or  Baby  Chicks. 

Regarding  that  question  as  to  whether 
to  breed  from  White  Leghorn  pullets  or  try 
baby  chicks,  or  buy,  to  my  mind,  it  depends 
entirely  on  how  you  are  situated.  If  you 
have  first-class  stock  to  start  with  and  are 
able  to  give  two  or  three  breeding  pens 
extra  attention  and  care,  you  will  find 
White  Leghorn  chicks  easier  to  hatch  and 
raise  than  those  of  any  other  breed. 
Whether  or  not  you  have  had  much  experi¬ 
ence  in  handling  incubators  will  count  for 
something  as  well  as  the  cost  of  the  ma¬ 
chines.  I  think  where  you  are  able  to  take 
the  time  and  pains  to  build  up  an  extra 
good  laying  strain  it  pays  well.  If  on  the 
contrary  you  haven’t  time  and  room  to 
fuss  over  them  and  feel  sure  that  you  can 
get  day-old  chicks  that  are  active  and  vig¬ 
orous,  I  would  do  so.  It  is  much  better 
to  get  them  well  hatched  by  a  specialist 
than  turn  out  disappointing  hatches  your¬ 
self  and  waste  your  time  trying  to  raise 
chicks  that  have  failed  to  incubate  properly. 
It  is  a  plain  business  proposition ;  if  you 
can  get  strong  healthy  chicks  from  reliable 
parties  without  fear  of  introducing  white 
diarrhoea  and  at  a  reasonable  figure  and 
make  a  fair  profit  at  it,  buy  them.  If  you 
have  the  experience  and  equipment  to  breed 
and  hatch  successfully  and  develop  an  A 
No.  1  laying  strain,  and  can  make  enough 
more  to  pay  for  the  extra  pains  and  study, 
I  would  select  the  best  and  breed  from 
them.  r.  b. 


I  would  advise  that  you  mate  your  Leg¬ 
horns  about  10  hens  to  a  cock  bird,  Wyan- 
dottes  eight  to  one,  geese  three  or  four 
geese  to  a  gander,  ducks  from  six  to  eight 
at  first  in  the  season,  but  may  increase  to 
10  or  12  and  about  10  or  12  guinea  hens 
to  a  cock  guinea.  If  your  birds  are  con¬ 
fined  I  would  rather  make  the  proportion 
less  than  to  make  it  greater.  c.  h.  s. 


Coal  Ashes  for  Mites  and  Lice. — In 
the  Spring  of  1909  my  henhouse,  a  small 
one.  but  large  enough  for  my  small  flock 
of  hens,  became  badly  infested  with  mites. 
Two  large  window-openings  on  the  south 
side  of  the  house  have  no  glass,  but  are  cov¬ 
ered  with  muslin  during  the  cold  weather, 
and  I  find  it  well  to  have  the  roosting  place 
protected  by  a  muslin  curtain  during  the 
cold  months.  This  curtain  was  swarming 
with  mites,  and  I  removed  it  and  subjected 
It  to  a  bath  of  boiling  water.  Then,  follow¬ 
ing  the  advice  of  an  acquaintance  who  keeps 
a  few  hens,  I  dusted  all  parts  of  the  house 
thoroughly  with  fine  sifted  coal  ashes,  and 
placed  a  supply  of  the  ashes  in  the  house 
for  the  hens  to  dust  themselves  with,  and 
have  kept  up  the  supply  ever  since.  I  have 
had  no  more  trouble  with  mites,  and  the 
hens  keep  remarkably  free  from  lice. 


$3,000,000 

Will  be  saved  this  winter  to  the 
15,000  users  of  Indiana  Silos.  Are 
you  getting  your  share?  There 
is  another  winter  coming.  Our 

best  salesmen  are  the  15,000 
Indiana  Silos  now  in  use. 

SILO  PROFITS 

Written  by  over  two  hundred  of  the  best  breeders, 
feeders  and  farmers  in  the  world.  "Tells  how  they 
greatly  increased  their  profits.”  J83F  Write  for  this 
valuable  book  and  our  new  catalog  now— FREE. 
Licensed  under  Harder  Patent  No.  627.732. 

INDIANA  SILO  COMPANY 

The  largest  manufacturers  of  Silos  in  the  world. 
Address  nearest  factory : 

Union  Bldg.,  Anderson,  Indiana 
3  IO  Indiana  Bldg.  Dea  Moines,  Iowa 
Silo  Bldg.  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
^^^^gH3ooc^Agent^wante<^ver^where^^^^^^^ 


SILOS 

The  kind  ‘‘Uncle  Sam’*  uses.  Best 
and  cheapest.  Send  for  catalog. 

HARDER  MFC.  CO. 

Box  1 1  ,  Coblosklll,  N.  Y. 

Continuous  Opening 
Best  Materials 

Braced  Door  Frame 
Adjustable  Doors 
Permanent  Ladder 
Three  Styles 

Five  kinds  lumber 

Best  white  Holland  TUfiKEYS.*white  Wyandotte  c0C: 

erels  and  Toulouse  Gees©,  for  sale.  Prices  low  for 
quality.  K.  SCHIEBEK,  K  FI)  3,  Bncyrus,  O. 

giant  bronze  turkeys- -ssasa 

Pullets.  Grand  Stock  at  Farmers’  prices. 

H.  J,  VAN  DYKE,  GETTYSBURG,  Pa. 

CHOICE  WHITE  HOLLAND  TURKEYS 

MRS.  NILES  GROVER,  S.  New  Berlin,  N.Y. 

DURE  BRED  WHUE  HOLLAND  TURKEYS  FROM  PRIZEWINNERS 
Mrs,  it,.  J.  Rider,  Rodman.  New  York 

FOR  SAl  F~MAMMOTH  bronze  tur. 

t  .  KKYS-  Satisfaction  guaranteed 

Inquire  of  Mrs.  FRANK  ELLIOTT,  Moravia,  N  Y 


Know  How  Much  You  Make  Next  Year 


No  one  shall  pay  a  cent  for  Bickmore's  Farm  Account  Book.  It 

will  be  sent  free  to  any  farmer  who  will  be  good  enough  to  tell  who  and  where 
be  is.  The  cost  of  a  crop  never  demanded  closer  attention.  Business  farming  1 
puts  money  in  the  bank  This  book  is  arranged  to  keep  all  accounts  in  simple 
form — more  simple,  and  certainly  more  practical,  than  trying  to  remember 
them  ;  shows  what  to  charge  against  crop  production ;  has  a  laborer’s  time 
record ;  and  section  for  personal  accounts.  64  pages;  for  ink  or  pencil . 
Not  a  cheap  affair.  It  is  meant  for  business.  Its  quality  is  in  keeping  with 


BICKMORE’S 

FARM 

ACCOUNT  BOOK 

Published  by 

Bickmore  Gall  Cure  Co. 
OLD  TOWN,  MAINE,  U.  S.  A. 


BICKMORE’S 
GALL  CURE 

a  remedy  that  cures ,  and  the  horse  works  all 
the  time.  Users  keep  it  in  their  stables  the  year 
round — they  believe  in  it.  It  is  always  ready 
for  Harness  or  Saddle  Galls,  Chafe,  Rope 
Burns,  Cuts,  Scratches,  Grease  Heel,  etc.  In 
cows  use  it  for  Sore  Teats.  Don’t  buy  a  substi¬ 
tute.  Insist  .n  getting  Bickmore’s  Gall  Cure — 
for  the  sake  of  your  horse’s  health.  But  write 
now  for  Bickmore’s  Farm  Account  Book — it 
is  ready  for  you.  No  cost.  No  obligation. 
Send  your  name  and  address — that’s  all 

Bickmore  Gall  Cure  Co, 

Box 280,  Old  Town ,  Maine 


Send  Your  Name , 
on  This  Coupon 
or  on  a 
Postal 


y  Send 
me  a 
Free 
,$>v  C  o  p  y  of 
Bickmore’s 
44  F  a  rm 
Account 
Book,"  as 
advertised  in 
The  Rural  New- 
Yorker. 


Isave-the-horseI 

..a.TnnTju..«— i— — — — A 


BA VE-TilE-HOR8E  ROOK  is  an  eney- 
clopediaof  practical  and  complete  references.  It  Is 
the  latest,  most  reliable  and  highest  authority.  It  Is 
scientlflo  but  not  technical.  Takes  in  every  scope 
and  character  of  diseases  causing  lameness. 

Tobias,  Nebr  ,  June  4th,  1911. 

Tioy  Chemical  Co.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y,  — A  year  and  a  half 
ago  I  had  a  bottle  of  yonr  spavin  remedy.  1  cured  my  horse 
with  it  aud  then  gave  what  1  had  left  of  it  to  a  friend  who  had 
a  mule  with  a  spavin,  which  veterinarians  had  failed  to  cure. 
My  friend  today  says,  “  It’s  certainly  a  sure  cure.  ’  Kind  $5.00 
for  another  bottle,  Very  truiy,  Thso.  RdodXS* 

"  When  discriminating,  cantlons,  hard-headed  bank¬ 
ers,  farmers  and  business  men  write  for  information 
and  then  select  **  Save-tho  Horse  ’*  from  the  mass  of 
remedies  presented,  and  these  are  the  kind  of  men 
our  testimonials  are  from,  is  there  need  to  ask  why  ? 

FXPFPT  AHVIfF  FRFF  ®c,cnl,e  case.  We’ll  advise 
LAfLItl  rtul  ILL  I  DLL  frankly  and  clearly  what  to  do. 

«JL»  a  bottle,  with  a  contract  to  absolutely  and  perma- 

#0  m  ^  nently  cure  Bone  and  Bag  Spavin,  Thoroughpm,  Ringbone 
(except  low).  Curt,  Splint,  Copped  Hock,  Wmdpulf,  Sboo 
Boil,  ln|ured  Tendons  nod  all  lameness  or  relund  tbe  money.  No  8C&I 

or  loss  of  hair.  Horse  works  as  usual. 

S5  at  ell  Druggists  or  Dealers  and  Etprnss  Paid. 

TBO Y  CHEMICAL  CO  T  24  Commercial  Are.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1844 

R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 

SILVER  SPANGLED 

Hamburg  Cockerels 

75  Cents  Each 

AUSTIN  JACKSON,  Mineral  Springs,  N.Y. 

BUFF  ROCK  PULLETS,  $2.00  each.  Cockerels,  $3.00. 

Rose  Comb  Red  Cockerels,  $4.00.  All  April 
hatched.  “FOUR  ACRES,”  Nutley,  N.  J. 


Make 

Yonr  Chickens 
Pay  Bigger  Dividends  , 

andeniMtn\fent  Iy‘ontgreen  hone, gristle  1 


Green  Bone  Cutter  Is  the  only  ma¬ 
chine  Oil  the  market  that  cuts  green 
bone  fine  enough  for  bantams  and 
Chicks  without  making  splinters  or 

,, _ ,  ,  chunks.  Has  automatic  feed.  Both 

a”  enr0  freu  t0  alternate  in  turning  crank. 
Has  forged  steel  cutter  head.  Cuts  hardest 
. 'If.8  or  w  1  cut  corn,  clear  meat,  vege¬ 
tables  or  even  crumble  bread  for  chicks. 
Neverclogs.  Get  one  on  free  trlul 
lor  <1  ays,  A  postal  brings  our 
book,  "How  to  Make  Poultrv  Pay,” 

E.  C.  STEARNS  &  CO. 

„  Box  17, 

Syracuse,  N.Y. 


PULLETS  and  YEARLING  HENS 

dottes,  single  and  rose  comb;  Brown  and  W.  Iieg- 
horus,  R.  I.  Reds;  from  80  cents  per  head  up.  Write 
for  just  what  you  want  and  how  much  you  wish  to 
invest.  Maple  Cove  Poultry  Yards,  R.  24  Alliens,  Pa. 


Barred  Plymouth  rocks— 25  big,  husky,  vigorous 

Cockerels  for  sale.  Also  a  few  Pullets.  1’rices 
reasonable.  G.  F.  WILLIAMSON,  Flanders,  N.  J. 


SPECIAL  (BARRED  ROCKS  AND  PARTRIDGE  COCHINS 

uwiHkj  puuets  $0 .00,  Cockerels  $3.1)0  to  $5.00. 
nrCCR  ]  Some  good  enough  for  exhibition, 
tw  land  all  good  utility  stock. 

MINCH  BROS.,  Route  2,  Bridgeton,  N.  j. 


Single  Comb  White  Leghorn  Xe^ESS 

kind,  $1.00;  Cockerels,  $1.50.  Also  Berkshire  Pigs 
and  Gilts.  Geo,  L.  &  H.  E.  Ferris,  Atwater,  N.Y. 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  and -Cock¬ 
erels;  any  quantity  at  attractive  prices;  bred-to-lay 

kind.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington,  N.  J. 

Cfinn  ^inS^a*Combed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 
UUUU  Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
.  ,  Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 

right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  best  selections.  Largest  success 
f«l  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 

WAWTPn-SINGIE  COMB  WHITE  L15G- 
II Mil  I  LU  HORN  HUNS  and  PtJLI.KTS. 

Any  quantity.  Must  bo  thoroughbred  and  vigor¬ 
ous.  State  number,  age  and  price. 

W.  C.  W ORMAN,  Flemington,  N.  J. 

Pullets,  Large,  Early,  Mixed  Breeds 

at  8Uc  each  in  lots  of  10  or  more,  cash  with  order. 
F.  O.B.  here.  J.  HARLAN,  R.  D.  24,  Athens,  Pa, 


INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS-Gonuine  White  Egg  Strain. 
I  $6.00  per  trio.  GEO.  BOWDISH,  Esperance,  N.Y. 


s 


C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS-Good  Birds,  prices  low. 
•  E.  W.  SLATE,  Box  A,  South  Hammond  N.  Y 


Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  May  return  at  mv  expense  if  not 
satisfactory,  Sinclair  Smith,  602  Fifth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

THE  FARMER’S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 

0(1  EGGS  $1.00— Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
ZU  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Large  illus¬ 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa. 

Pfllll  TRYM  C  M  — ’fc  fa.il  to  secure  Stock  and 

rUULI  Li  I  III  Lit  Eggs  at  our  reduced  prices. 
EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS.  Marietta,  Pa. 

The  Celebrated  Hun¬ 
garian 

Capercailzies,  Black  Game,  Wild  Turkeys,  Quails, 
Rabbits,  Deer,  etc.,  for  stocking  purposes.  Fancy 
Pheasants,  Peafowl,  Cranes,  Storks,  Beautiful 
Swans,  Ornamental  Geese  and  Ducks,  Foxes, 
Squirrels,  Ferrets,  and  all  kinds  of  birds  and 
animals.  Send  four  cents  for  illustrated  descriptive 
circulars,  WENZ  S  MACKENSEN,  Dept.  10,  Pheasantry 
and  Game  Park,  Yardley,  Pa. 


and  English  PARTRIDGES  I  PHEASANTS 


POULTRY  COURSE 

THE  1STH  ANNUAL 

Poultry  Clas/t  of  the  Rhode  Island  State  College 
will  be  held  January  3  to  February  16  inclusive 

We  tench  all  branches  of  poultry  keeping,  Class  Work,  Lect¬ 
ures  amlDemonst rations, Pen  Practice,  Incubator  ami  Brooder 
Operations  for  each  student.  This  is  a  chance  to  learn  poultry 
keeping  ami  a  good  place  to  live  for  six  weeks  this  winter. 
Terms  moderate.  Write  for  particulars. 

Pres.  Howard  Edwards,  Kingston,  K.  I. 


TOULOUSE  GEESE — Pair  weighing  35  lbs.,  1911  batch, 
price  $10.00.  PEKIN  DRAKE,  weighing  8  lbs., 
1911  hatch,  $4.00.  PEARL  GUINEAS,  pair,  $3.00. 
L.  O.  QUIGLEY,  Goshen,  Orange  County,  N.  Y. 

WHITE  EMDEN  GEESE-g®  ?j}||j 

for  rest  of  November,  cash  with  order,  F.  O.  B.  here. 
Maple  Cove  Poultry  Yards,  R.  D.  24,  Athens,  Pa. 

Snow  White  Wyandottes  andT™hdreto 

Goldenrod  Farm  Stewartstown,  Pa. 


lay.  Circular  free. 


SUPERB  STRAIN”  WHITE  WYANDOTTES— Selected  COCK¬ 
ERELS  for  breeding,  $2.00  and  $3.00  each,  this 
month.  It’  they  don’t  please,  return  at  our  ex¬ 
pense.  0WNLAND  FARM,  Box  497,  South  Hammond,  N.  Y. 

KEAN’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTES 

Extra  fine  Cockerels  ready  for  service,  $3.00  each. 
1  ullets,  $2.00  each.  Guaranteed  to  satisfy  the  most 
fastidious.  Also  Choice  Indian  Runner  Drakes, 
$2.00  each.  E.  FRANKLIN  KEAN,  Stanley,  N.Y. 

kM  AK.V-SIIKL  SOLUBLE 

k  Roughest  grit  on  earth.  In¬ 
creases  egg  production. 

,  The  original  silica  grit. 

.  Avoid  substitutes.  Ask 
*  your  local  dealer  or 
send  $1.00  for  two 

ioo-lb.  bags  f.  o.  b.  cars.  Agents  wanted, 

EDGE  HILL  SILICA  ROCK  CO. 

B°X  <1  Now  Brunswick,  N.  J 


GRIT 


in  stamps  to  pay 
■  postage  brings  this 
X/  Heart  Throb  Book 

FREE 

Sixty-four  pages  of 
songs,  stories  and 
verse  that  have  won 
the  hearts  of  the  peo¬ 
ple.  They  play  on  memory’s 
harp  strings.  Send  two  2c 
stamps  to  cover  mailing 
expense  and  we  will  send 
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without  further  cost  or 
obligation. 

“Heart  Throbs/*  Vol.  II  just 
issued,  $1.50  net. 

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Lots  of  eggs  by  feeding  green  bone  fresh  cut,  because  it  is  rich  in  protein  and  all  other 
egg  elements.  You  get  twice  the  eggs— more  fertile;  vigorous  chicks;  earlier  broilers; 

bigger  profits!  MAftN’S  /model  BONE  GUTTER 

adhering  meat  «*.nd  gristle,  easy,  fast  and  fine.  Automatic  feed:  open  hopper;  never  clogs. 
Book  free,  .jays*  Free  Trial.  No  money  in  advance. 

F*  W.  Mann  Go.,  Box  15  Milford,  Mass. 


11  <3  0 


December  2, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 

Advice  comes  to  us  that  one  Geo.  G. 
Papineau,  purporting  to  represent  a  Chi¬ 
cago,  Ill.,  subscription  agency,  has  col¬ 
lected  money  for  subscriptions  to  papers 
and  magazines,  giving  receipts  for  same, 
but  never  filling  the  orders.  The  com¬ 
plaint  comes  from  Michigan.  As  far  as 
The  Rural  New-Yorker  is  concerned, 
none  of  the  general  subscription  agencies 
has  authority  to  represent  it.  This  Geo. 
P.  Papineau  is  entirely  unknown  to  us, 
and  has  no  authority  to  represent  The 
Rural  New-Yorker  in  any  way. 

William  J.  Cummins,  formerly  presi¬ 
dent  of  the  Carnegie  Trust  Company,  of 
New  York  City,  which  is  now  in  the 
hands  of  a  receiver,  was  last  week  found 
guilty  of  grand  larceny  by  a  jury  in  the 
criminal  branch  of  the  Supreme  Court. 
He  was  accused  of  a  theft  of  $140,000. 
People  who  deposited  money  with  the 
trust  company  are  unable  to  get  it,  and 
will  probably  lose  at  least  part  of  their 
investments  ultimately. 

In  a  recent  reference  to  frenzied  finan¬ 
cial  publishers,  “Agricultural  Epitomist,” 
during  a  former  management,  was  in¬ 
cluded  in  the  list  of  papers  that  sold 
stock  to  subscribers.  The  reference  was 
incidental,  but  we  should  have  added 
that  the  paper  is  now  in  new  hands  and 
the  new  management  is  entirely  free 
from  any  criticism  of  the  kind.  The 
present  publishers  are  no  more  responsi¬ 
ble  for  the  promotion  schemes  of  a  for¬ 
mer  management  than  a  farmer  would 
be  for  the  conduct  of  the  man  who  pre¬ 
viously  owned  his  farm.  This  depart¬ 
ment  is  particularly  concerned  that  no 
word  shall  appear  here  to  the  discredit 
of  any  honest  man  or  legitimate  enter¬ 
prise,  and  it  wishes  to  make  it  entirely 
clear  that  the  former  criticism  referred 
only  to  the  previous  management  of 
“Agricultural  Epitomist.” 

Reporting  the  testimony  of  John  M. 
Williams  before  the  Congressional  Com¬ 
mittee  in  St.  Louis  last  week,  the  papers 
give  us  this : 

He  (E.  G.  Lewis)  gave  thousands  in 
charity.  Williams  said,  and  a  file  of  letters 
showed  hundreds  of  appeals  for  help,  none 
of  which  had  gone  unanswered  so  long  as 
Lewis  had  anything  to  send  to  the  appli¬ 
cant. 

When  gold  bricks  are  sold  to  country 
people  and  a  part  of  the  proceeds  dis¬ 
tributed  at  St.  Louis,  we  protest  against 
the  purpose  to  call  the  scheme  charity. 
We  have  more  than  $100,000  of  claims 
against  Mr.  Lewis.  Much  of  the  money 
was  sent  him  seven  years  ago.  Some  of 
it  is  represented  in  his  personal  notes, 
on  which  he  has  repudiated  both  princi¬ 
pal  and  interest.  These  claims  are  held 
by  widows  and  children,  cripples,  in¬ 
valids  and  aged  people  who  trusted  him 
with  the  savings  of  a  lifetime.  Is  it 
charity  to  deprive  these  people  of  their 
just  dues  and  give  money  to  St.  Louis 
applicants  for  help? 

The  Hampton-Columbian  Magazine, 
which  was  capitalized  for  $4,000,000,  was 
sold  last  week  for  $10,000.  It  is  said 
that  the  company  will  now  be  reorgan¬ 
ized  for  $1,000,000.  That  would  give  one 
cent  in  value  for  every  dollar  of  stock. 
It  is  also  said  that  old  stockholders 
would  be  given  stock  in  the  new  com¬ 
pany,  provided  they  put  up  10  per  cent 
in  cash.  On  this  basis  as  we  understand 
it,  if  you  have  a  $100  share,  you  get  a 
new  share  representing  $1  in  real  value; 
and  you  must  put  up  $10  in  new  cash 
to  get  it.  This  is  the  usual  basis  for 
reorganizations  of  wild-cat  companies. 
The  old  stockholders  have  simply  lost 
every  cent  they  have  in  the  venture.  If 
they  are  wise  now  they  will  take  their 
loss,  and  profit  by  the  experience.  To 
put  more  new  money  in  now  would  be 
only  to  take  a  new  chance  in  another 
hazard.  The  R.  N.-Y.  wishes  the  new 
concern  success,  if  it  is  to  be  conducted 
as  a  legitimate  publishing  proposition ; 
but  if  the  old  wild-cat  promotion 
schemes  are  to  be  repeated,  we  advise 
our  people  to  leave  it  alone.  The  old 
stock  is  worthless.  No  one  will  give 
anything  of  value  for  it.  Any  pretense 
of  giving  something  of  value  for  it  is  a 
deception. 

Received  both  vour  kind  letter  and  copy 
of  The  R.  N.-Y.  of  June  25.  1010.  for 
which  I  thank  you.  I  am  a  graduate  nurse 
and  doing  social  service  work,  and  am 
hoping  by  your  articles  to  save  a  poor 
man  from  investing  his  hard-earned  sav¬ 
ings  in  wild-cat  schemes.  a.  e.  f. 

Illinois. 

The  above  comes  to  us  from  a  large 
city.  Here  is  a  young  woman  working 
for  a  living,  and  yet  giving  the  time 
perhaps  needed  for  rest  to  the  better¬ 
ment  of  others  not  so  well  situated  or 
so  well  endowed  mentally  as  herself. 
Some  people  give  money  for  charity 
and  often  there  is  a  taint  goes  with  it; 
yet  they  get  much  credit.  It  is  all  well 
enough.  We  must  not  question  the 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


source  or  the  purpose  when  the  hard¬ 
ships  of  the  poor  are  lessened.  But  the 
giving  of  one's  self  as  this  young  woman 
is  doing,  not  alone  in  caring  for  the  sick 
as  a  profession,  but  in  voluntary  work¬ 
ing  for  others,  is  the  essence  of  charity. 
One  would  think  that  such  self-sacrific¬ 
ing  work  would  put  the  promoters  who 
scheme  to  rob  poor  people  to  shame. 

Because  people  claim  that  I  cure  them 
of  consumption,  asthma,  bay  fever,  Bright’s 
disease,  epileptic  fits,  dropsy,  paralysis, 
blindness  and  other  so-called  incurable  dis¬ 
eases  that  baffle  the  regular  practitioners, 
and  because  these  results  are  obtained  by 
dropping  a  colorless  liquid  into  the  eye, 
I  have  been  persecuted.  This  is  the  pen¬ 
alty  1  am  paying  for  advanced  thinking, 
for  using  a  method  undreamed  of  by  the 
regular  practitioner.  My  reward  is  the 
heartfelt  gratitude  of  hundreds  of  patients 
who  claim  they  were  cured,  and  their 
hearty  support  of  myself  and  method  when 
I  am  taken  into  court. — Prof.  H.  Samuels. 

A  subscriber  sends  us  a  letter  con¬ 
taining  the  above  paragraph  and  asks 
what  we  think  of  Prof.  Samuels.  We 
wrould  rather  not  express  in  print  just 
what  we  think  of  him.  Our  lists  of 
martyrs  are  growing  larger.  They  are 
all  anxious  to  benefit  humanity — for  a 
price.  They  are  fond  of  calling  plain 
lying  an  evidence  of  advanced  thinking. 
Think  of  curing  serious  physical  mala¬ 
dies  by  a  drop  of  liquid  in  the  eye!  In¬ 
stead  of  permitting  such  a  faker  to  ap¬ 
peal  to  people  afflicted  with  serious  ail¬ 
ments  and  promise  cures,  the  authorities 
should  deny  him  the  use  of  the  mails. 

The  United  States  Express  Company  paid 
me  for  my  eggs  that  got  lost  July  1.  "Many 
thanks  to  you  for  looking  it  up  for  me. 

Pennsylvania.  j.  p.  k. 

July  1  the  subscriber  shipped  a  case 
of  eggs  to  New  York.  The  eggs  were 
lost  in  transit  and  although  the  express 
agent  at  the  originating  point  wrote  the 
express  company  repeatedly,  no  atten¬ 
tion  was  paid  to  the  claim  and  the  sub¬ 
scriber  finally  sent  it  to  us.  Adjustment 
was  made  in  October. 

I  answered  the  Dr.  Haux.  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  advertisement  for  absolutely  free  spec¬ 
tacles,  but  in  the  reply  I  find  I  must  send 
$1.25  before  I  receive  the  “absolutely  free 
spectacles.”  What  do  you  think  of  such 
an  advertisement?  j.  w. 

Oklahoma. 

We  think  this,  like  all  “absolutely 
free”  advertisements,  is  a  fake.  If  you 
are  wise  you  will  pay  no  attention  to 
free  advertisements  of  any  kind,  and  be 
especially  suspicious  of  absolutely  free 
propositions.  We  have  no  hesitation  in 
saying  that  every  advertisement  prom¬ 
ising  something  free  is  a  fake.  There 
are  no  exceptions.  The  object  is  not  to 
give  you  something  free,  but  to  make 
you  pay  for  something  that  would  not 
interest  you  if  you  knew  the  conditions 
at  the  start. 

Received  the  claim  in  full  $10.80  (less 
commission  and  transportation  charges) 
from  the  Adams  Express  Co.  October  13  for 
the  crate  of  eggs  shipped  November  4,  1910, 
for  which  I  feel  doubly  indebted  to  you,  and 
fail  to  find  words  to  express  my  thanks  and 
gratitude.  Without  your  assistance  I  do 
not  think  I  would  ever  have  got  it.  They 
denied  at  first  of  handling  my  goods  until 
I  sent  you  the  receipt.  I  consider  you  are 
doing  more  to  help  the  farmer  than  any 
paper  that  has  yet  come  under  my  observa¬ 
tion.  j.  w.  u. 

New  Jersey. 

This  was  a  shipment  of  eggs  to  a 
New  York  commission  house,  which  was 
not  delivered  because  of  the  strike  last 
November.  Claim  was  put  in  by  the 
shipper,  but  the  express  company  failed 
to  give  him  any  consideration,  or  to 
reply  to  his  letters  of  inquiry.  He  did 
not  feel  competent  to  make  any  im¬ 
pression  upon  the  express  company.  He 
sent  the  claim  to  us  in  June.  Adjust¬ 
ment  was  made  October  13. 

An  old  neighbor,  who  left  this  place  some 
time  before,  came  back  as  a  general  agent 
representing  a  combination  wire  stretcher, 
post  puller  and  jack.  lie  appointed  several 
of  bis  acquaintances  as  local  agents.  Each 
local  agent  was  required  to  contract  for  a 
large  number  of  the  machines  and  give  his 
secured  note  as  part  payment,  which 
amounted  to  over  $200.  The  trick,  of 
course,  was  in  actually  securing  the  sale 
of  the  machines  to  the  agent  and  not  really 
appointing  him  as  an  agent  of  the  company, 
as  it  was  made  to  appear.  Everyone  of  the 
agents  of  whom  I  kept  track  lost  practically 
all  the  amount  invested.  It  seems  that  a 
man  should  not  be  compelled  to  sell  any 
fixed  amount  when  working  in  the  capacity 
of  an  agent,  nor  to  pay  anything  for  the 
right  of  canvassing  in  a  certain  territory. 

Iowa.  w.  l. 

The  thing  we  cannot  understand  is 
that  any  grown-up  man  or  woman  would 
allow  himself  or  herself  to  be  led  into 
such  a  scheme.  You  are  not  compelled 
to  do  any  of  these  things.  You  allow 
yourself  to  be  allured  into  them  by  some 
tempting  promise  of  big  profits.  Often 
times  the  general  agent  has  been  faked 
himself.  When  these  concerns  succeed 
in  fooling  one  general  agent,  they  are 
sure  of  roping  in  a  bunch  of  victims 
through  him.  They  are  all  modified 
forms  of  the  confidence  game.  Be  sus¬ 
picious  of  the  man  whether  friend  or 
stranger  who  comes  to  you  with  big 
promises,  coupled  with  a  demand  for 
notes  or  cash.  j.  j.  d. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


A  LEATHER  TOP 

RUBBER1  SHOE 

For  Farmers,  Lumbermen  and  Sportsmen. 

You  can’t  find  a  better 
protection  from  snow  and 
wet  than  the  Manitoba 
eoft  leather  top  rubber 
•hoe.  After  a  trial  you 
will  never  be  satisfied  to 
wear  heavy  felt  boots. 
They  are  neat,  close  fit¬ 
ting  and  light  in  weight. 

Made  in  all  heights  from 
8  to  Id  inches.  Will  out¬ 
wear  any  high  rubber 
shoe  or  pac  that  yon  ever 
saw.  The  Top  is  of  a  sol  t, 
pliable,  durableand  pract¬ 
ically  waterproof  leather 
known  as  Special  Chrome. 
Beware  of  cheap 
Imitations  made  of 
split  leather.  Such 
shoes  will  wet 
through  quickly. 
The  tops  are  fitted 
with  Copper  Klon¬ 
dike  Eyelets  and  Rawhide  Laces. 

The  Over  is  made  of  the  purest  Rubber.  There 
are  two  distinct  vamps  of  heavy  duck  witli  layers  of 
rubber  between,  fastened  together  under  great 
pressure. 

The  Sole  is  made  to  stand  the  hardest  wear.  The 
Manitoba  is  an  honest  made  Shoe  that  will  give  hon¬ 
est  wear,  because  the  right  kind  of  material  and 
workmanship  is  put  into  It. 

When  you  want  any  high  grade, 
satisfactory  rubber  boot  or  shoe  ask 
for  the  Beacon  Falls  Brand,  made 
by  a  company  Hint  Is  “not  in  a 
trust.”  Illustrated  Booklet  free. 

The  Beacon  Falls  Rubber  Shoe  Co. 

New  York  Chicago  Boston 


Trade  Mark 
Look  for  the 
Crose 


THE  COLUMBUS  HOSPITAL 

TRAINING  SCHOOL  FOR  NURSES 

226  EAST  20th  STREET,  NEW  YORK  CITY 

Is  now  organizing  classes  for  the  coming  year; 
there  are  still  a  few  vacancies  for  young  women 
desiring  a  nurse's  education.  In  addition  to 
maintenance, nurses  receive  $5.00  per  month  and 
all  materials  for  uniforms.  Classes  arc  con¬ 
ducted  by  the  Superintendent  of  nurses,  who  is  a 
graduate  trained  nurse  (Registered).  The  active 
service  of  the  hospital  provides  wide  experience 
for  the  nurses  in  School.  As  ,  the  Hospital  and 
Training  School  are  in  charge’of  the  Missionary 
Sisters  of  the  Sacred  Heart  of  Jesus,  the  pupils 
live  in  a  wholesome  atmosphere,  and  are  care¬ 
fully  looked  after.  No  applicant  Is  rejected  on 
account  of  creed. 


SEE™isSAW 


Appleton  Wood  Saws 
ARE  GUARANTEED 
Get  Our  Free  Booklet — It 

describes  and  illustrates 
the  different  styles  and 
will  help  you  pick  out  the 
very  saw  you  need.  As  we 
manufacture  an  extensive 
line  of  saws,  you  cannot 
choose  without  this  book¬ 
let.  Write  now. 
APPLETON  MFG.  CO, 

Est.  27  Fargo  Street 
1872  '  Batavia,  Ill. 


The  Ireland  Straight-Line  Drag 
Sawing  Machine 


'"PHIS  sawing  rig  fills  a  long  felt  want  for  sawing  large 
^  timber.  It  is  simple,  durable  and  the  most  practical 
ftraight-line  sawing  rig  on  the  market.  We  also  make 
circular  saw  rigs,  saw  and  shingle  mills.  Get  our  prices 
on  canvas  belting ;  they  will  surprise  you.  Send  for 
prices  and  full  information.  “Ask  about  Hoifls.” 
IRELAND  MACHINE  &  FOUNDRY  COMPANY, 
14  State  Street  NORWICH,  NEW  YORK. 


Monarch 


Hydraulic 

Cider  Press 


Net  owners  25#  to  100sS 
.  investment  per  year 
Ask  for  Free  Cat¬ 
alog  and  "Good 
Tip”  booklet  tell¬ 
ing  how. 

Monarch  Machinery  Co.,  609  Hudson  Terminal,  New  York* 

BUY  AN  ICE  PLOW 

and  save  the  ice  crop.  Cut  your  ice 
quick  and  cheap  with  my  double- 
row  lee  Plow.  It  equals  20 
men  with  saws.  Pays  for 
itself  in  1  day.  Also  Too  In. 
Ask  for  catalog  and  prices. 
WM.  11.  PRAY,  Verba nk,  N,  Y. 


PLEAlXj  ESTA.TE. 

The  FARMER’S  SON’S 

GREAT  OPPORTUNITY 

Why  wait  for  the  old  farm  to  become  your  in¬ 
heritance?  Begin  now  to  prepare  tor 
your  future  prosperity  and  Inde¬ 
pendence.  A  great  opportunity 
awaits  you  in  Manitoba,  Sas¬ 
katchewan  or  Alberta,  wliereyou 
can  secure  a  Free  Homestead  or 
buy  land  at  reasonable  prices. 

NOW’S  THE  TIME 

— notayear from n o w. wh en  land 
will  be  higher.  The  profits  so 
cured  from  the  a  t> u  n ilnnt 
cropsof  Wheat. Oats  and  Bar 
ley,  as  well  as  cattle  raising  arecausinga 
steady  advance  In  price.  Government  re¬ 
turns  show  that  the  number  of  settlers 
in  Western  Canada  from  the  U.  s. 

<1  a  ring  the  last  year  was  upwards  of 
125,000  and  I  migration  is  con¬ 
stantly  increasing. 

Many  farmers  have  paid  for  their 
land  out  of  proceeds  of  one  crop. 

Free  Homesteads  of  160  acres  and 
pre-emption  of  100  acres  at  $3.00 
an  acre.  Splendid  climate,  good 
schools,  excellent  railway  facilities, 
low  freight  rates;  wood,  water  ami 
lumber  easily  obtained. 

For  pamphlet  "J.astBe8tWest,,’particulars 
as  to  locations  &  settlers’  rate  apply  Supt. 
Inning.,  Ottawa,  Can.,  or  Can.Gov.  Agt. 

J.  S.  CRAWFORD 

30  Syracuse  Savings  Bank  Bldg. 
Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


v  From  the  Peanut  Fields  of  Virginia 

£  jTo  the  Orange  Groves  of  Florida  , 

4  Thru  the  6  Sou.  States  traversed  by 
I  the  S.  A.  L.  Ry.  You  can  be  independent 
'  raising  fruits  and  vegetables.  Land  cheap,  easy  terms. 
Ideal  climate,  plenty  of  water.  2  to  3  crops  a  year,  net 
$500  to  Siooo  per  acre  in  Manatee  County, 
on  the  West  Coast  of  Florida.  Booklet  _  _ 
free.  J.  A.  Pride,  Gen.  Ind.  Agt. 

Seaboard  Air  Line  Railway, 

Suite  806  Norfolk,  Va. 


FINE  MARYLAND 

250  under  active  stato  of  cultivation,  balance  in 
wood,  20  acres  of  which  refused  offer  of  $50.00  per 
acre  on  stomp.  Land  best  in  Maryland  for  corn, 
wheat,  grass.  In  heart  of  ricli  section  of  the  richest 
county:  7  room  dwelling  in  good  condition,  barns 
and  outbuildings  amply  sufficient.  Excellent  neigh¬ 
borhood,  6  miles  from  R.  R.  on  State  road  to  lie 
macadamized.  16  miles  from  Baltimore.  $50.00 
per  acre.  A  reduction  made  and  exceptional 
easy  terms  offered  to  quick  taker. 

Edward  B.  Fowell,  KHicott  City,  Maryland. 


FLORIDA 

HOMESITES 


You  can  buy  your  winter  homesito 
a?  Aliandale,  Port  Orange,  on  fa¬ 
mous  East  Coast,  and  build  your 
home  for  less  than  the  cost  of 
wintering  at  a  Florida  hotel. 
Fishing,  boating,  finest  automobile  racecourse  on 
cean  beach.  Write  for  the  Aliandale  booklet. 

THE  ALLANDALE  COMPANY,  Daytona,  Florida 

rfin  C  •  I  C~  Fir  III  of  H5  acres; 3  acres  of  timber;  balance, 
lUn  OH  LE  ail  tillable.  Good  apple  orchard;  running 
water  in  house  and  barn;  miles  to  It.  S.  A  K.  Kleetrfc 
railroad.  3f£  miles  to  N.  Y.  C.  railroad.  Telephone  and  Kura! 
mail  delivery.  For  particulars  address 
M.  BOWES,  Onondaga  Co.  Memphis,  N.  Y. 


C  ADM — Of  210  acres,  twelve  room  white  house 
I  14 II  111  with  green  blinds, good  cellar,  basement 
burns,  silo,  wagon  house,  hog  house,  ice  house, 
ice  pond,  orchard,  wool  aim  timber,  two  horses, 
five  passenger  automobile  in  good  order,  farming 
implements  and  small  tools.  Two  miles  from 
railroad  station  and  village.  All  for$7.50d,  part  cash. 
HALL'S  FARM  AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.  N.  V. 


WE  SELL  GOOD  FARMS  in  Oceana,  greatest  fruit  Co. 

in  U.S.;  also  grain,  poiatoes,  alfalfa,  dairying. 
Write  for  list,  etc.  HANSON  &  SON,  Hart,  Mich. 


150  Farms  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 

and  map  free.  Horace  G.  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa. 


rnp  D C  4] T— Beautifully  located  6-aero  Poultry 
lUn  nCIi  I  Farm  in  Connecticut.  Buildings 
for  keeping  400  to  500  fowls.  Apple,  peach  and  plum 
trees.  Near  railroad  station  and  steamboat  dock 
Write  U.  G.  CLARK,  475  K.  KI7th  St.,  New  York- 


PARMQ  Circular  free.  I>ept.  151,  Iceland’s 
I  HI1IVI0  harm  Agency,  31  Milk  St.,  Boston 

FOR  Q  A  I  F — River  Farm — 355  acres,  00  head 
f  gIV  OrVLEi  cattle,  4  horses,  all  farming  tools. 
1911  crops-  Buildings  good.  $16,000 — half  cash. 
Cranston’s  Agency,  Cannonsville,  Dei.  Co.,  N.Y. 


T  YOUR  IDEAS 

,_,500  offered  for  one  invention. 
Book  "How  to  Obtain  a  Patent'' and 
What  to  Invent”  sent  free.  Send  rough 
sketch  for  free  report  as  to  patentability. 
Patents  advertised  for  sale  at  our  ex 
peuso  in  Manufacturers.  Journals. 

Patent  Obtained  or  Fee  Returned 

CHANDLEE  &  CHANDLEE.  Patent  Att’ys 

Established  10  Years 

on  P.  Street,  Washington.  D. 

FOR  MENDING  HARNESS 

Ittakos  •  shoes,  tents,  awnings,  pulley  belts,  t-ar- 
a  wax  -qJL  pots,  saddles,  suit  cases,  buggy  tops, 
thread,  dash  boards,  or  any  heavy  material, 

feeds  Stewart's  Automatic 

from  spool  and  Awl  isthoonly  per- 

does  tho  work  of  TlMl^i^ir»fc  *""*  Sewing 

any  harness  maker  VjKj  t'i  Awl, 

machine.  It  is 

pensable  for  farmers.  V 

Agents  wanted.  Sent  prepaid  -iifg  |% 

for  SI. 25.  bend  at  once  for  rM 

catalog.  STEWART-SKINNER  CO. 

35  Hermon  Street.  Worcester,  Mass.  ^ 

AGENTS  $3  a  Day 

NEW  PATENTED  LOCKSTITCH 


Sews  Shoes, 

Harness,  Buggy  Tops,  Canvas,  Grain  _ 

Bags,  Anything.  Sells  at  sight.  Astonishing  low  price  to 
agents.  Big  profits.  To  show  it  means  a  sale.  We  want  a  few 
good.livo  bustlers  in  each  county.  Splendid  opportunity  to 
make  big  money.  No  experience  needed.  Write  quick— 
now— for  terms.  A  postal  will  do.  Send  no  money.  ’ 

A.  MATHEWS,  6065  Wayne  Street,  DAYTON,  OHIO 


FERTIH-VKQWIAnwt 

$1 


mw 


PER  ACRE  &.  UP  EASY  PAYMENTS 

Productive  soil,  mild  climate,  fine  water,  good  roads, 
markets,  unsurpassed  school  and  social  advantages. 
Now,  white,  i/ou  think  of  it,  write  for  tho  latest  issue  of  “  THE 
HOITHKKN  ilOMESEKKEK,”  other  literature  and  low  excursion  rates. 
Address  V.  II.  LaBALJlK,  Agr’l  Agt.,  Norfolk  h  Western  Ry.,  Box  8010  Roanoke,  Va. 

lYEARLY  RAINFALL45  JNCHFS 


1911. 


u«r 


THE  RURAL)  NEW-YORKER 


Crops  and  Markets 

Wholesale  Prices  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  November  24,  1911. 


BUTTER 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 34 

Good  to  Choice . 28 

Lower  Grades  . 24 

Storage . 26 

State  Dairy,  best . 32 

Common  to  Good . 23 

Factory . 20 

Packing  Stock . 17  _ 

Elgin,  111.,  butter  market  Arm  at  33  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  34  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  30  cents. 
CHEESE 

Fall  Cream,  best . 14 

Common  to  Good . 12 

Skims . 00 

EGGS 

White,  good  to  choice . 45 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 37 

Common  to  Good . . .  110 

Western,  good .  H3 

Under  grades . 15 

Checks  and  dirties . 12 

8torage,  prime . 22 

BEANS 

Marrow,  100  lbs .  4.25 

Medium .  4.00 

Pea .  4.00 

Yellow  Eye .  4.10 

Red  Kidney . 5.20 

Lima,  California . 6.20 

HOPS 

Prime  to  Choice . 55 

Common  to  Good . 52 

Pacific  Coast . 46 

German  Crop,  new .  H6 

DRIED  FRUITS 

Apples,  evap.,  choice,  1911 . 09 

Common  to  good . 07 

Sun  dried . 07 


@ 

@ 

© 

® 

© 


© 

© 


© 

® 

® 

® 

@ 


.35 

.33 

.27 

.32 

.33 

.29 

.25 

.21 


.16 

.13 

.12 

.50 

.39 

H5 

.36 

.22 

.17 

.23 


®  4.80 
®  4.20 
®  4.25 
@  4.15 
@  5.55 
©  6.25 


© 

® 

® 

© 


.57 

.54 

.50 

.91 


® 

@ 

® 


Chops . 02J^® 


Cherries . 19 

Raspberries . 26 

FRESH  FRUITS 

Apples,  Wealthy,  bbl . 2.00 

«py .  1.75 

Spltzenburg  . 2.00 

Twenty  Ounce .  2.25 

McIntosh .  2.50 

Ben  Davis .  1.50 

Baldwin .  1.00 

Greening .  1.50 

King . 2.25 

Hnbbardston .  1.50 

York  Imperial .  2.50 

Western,  box .  1.25 

Pears,  Kiefler,  bbl .  1.00 

Cranberries.  Cape  Cod,  bbl . 6.00 

Jersey,  bbl . 7.00 

Grapes,  Concord.  20-lb.  bkt . .30 

Black,  1-lb.  bkt . 10 

Niagara . 11 

Strawberries,  Calif  ,  pt . 30 

VEGETABLES 

Potatoes,  N.  Y.  State,  bbl .  2.76 

Maine,  bag .  2.85 

Long  Island,  bbl .  3.25 

Bermuda,  bbl . .  .  5.00 

Sweet  Potatoes,  bbl .  2.00 

Asparagus,  Calif.,  doz .  4.00 

Brussels  Sprouts,  qt . 06 

Beets,  bbl .  1.00 

Carrots,  bbl . 75 


® 

© 


©  3.25 
®  3.00 
®  3.60 
©  3.50 
®  4.00 
©  2.50 
@  2.75 
@  3.50 
®  3.50 
©  2.50 
©  3.25 
@  3.00 
®  2.75 
®  9.50 
®  8.00 
©  .40 
@  .11 
®  .13 
©  .36 


Cabbage,  Danish  seed,  ton. 


.16.00 


Domestic  seed,  ton . 10.00 


©  3.12 
®  2.95 
©  3.50 
@700 
@  3.60 
@  6.00 
@  .09 
@  1.25 
®  1.25 
@18.00 
@14.00 
®  3.00 
@  3.00 
@  1.50 
@  2.10 
®  2.50 
@  1.90 
@  2.50 
®  .75 
@  .75 
@  .75 
©  1.00 
@  1.25 
@  2.75 
@  3.00 


Cauliflowers,  L.  I.,  bbl .  1.00 

Cucumbers. Southern,  bu .  2.00 

Lettuce, '^-bbl.  bkt .  50 

Onions.  State  and  Western,  100  lbs...  1.70 

Orange  Co.,  bag .  2.00 

White,  bu .  1.60 

Btrmg  Beans,  bu .  1.00 

Spinach,  bbl . 50 

Squash.  Marrow,  bbl . 50 

Hubbard,  bbl . fit) 

Turnips.  Rutabaga,  bbl . 65 

White,  bbl .  1.00 

Egg  Plants.  Fla.,  box .  1.75 

Tomatoes,  Fla.  Carrier .  2.00 

HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 

Cucumbers.  No.  1,  doz . 75 

No.  2.  box 

Tomatoes,  lb . 10 

Lettuce,  doz 

Mushrooms,  lb . 25 

Radishes,  100  bunches .  1.50 

NUTS 

Chestnuts,  bu .  1 .00 

Sbellbarks,  per  50  lbs .  2.00 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Chickens,  lb . 10 

Fowls..  10 

Roosters 

Ducks . 12 

Geese. . . 

Turkeys . .14 

Guineas,  pair. . . 

DRESSED  POULTRY 

Turkeys.  Spring,  best . 

Common  to  Good . 

Chickens,  choice  broilers.’ lb . 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 18 

Roasters  . . 16 

Fowls  ... . 13 

Spring  Ducks,  lb  ... . 15 

Squabs,  doz .  1.50 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 

Calves,  prime,  lb . 12 

Common  to  good . 09 

Buttermilks . 07 

Roasting  Pigs,  lb . 10 

Pork.  Light 

Heavy . 07 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Hay.  Timothy  No.  1,  ton . 25. 00  @  26.00 

No.  2 . 23.00  @  24. UO 

No.  3 . 20.00  @  22.00 

Clover  Mixed . 20.00  ®  24  00 

Clover . 20.00  ®  24.00 

Straw,  Rye . 18.00  ®  19.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 8.00  ®  11.00 

LI  YE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 5.25 

Bulls . 3.00 

Cows .  1 .80 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 5.50 

Culls  .  4  50 

8heep,  100  lbs .  1.50 

Lambs .  4.60 

Hogs . 5.00 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.13 

No.  2,  Red . 99 

No.  2  Hard  Winter .  1.05 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 77 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 50 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 92 

Barley,  choice  .  1J5 

MILL  FEED— Cab  Lots 

Spring  Bran, ton .  25  00  ®  20.50 

Standard  Middlings .  27.25  @  28.50 

Red  Dog .  31.00  @  32.00 

Hominy  Chop .  28.50  @  29.70 

Linseed  Meal .  39.50  ffi  40.00 

Corn  Meal .  80.00  ®  82.00 

COTTON 

New  York  Middling  Upland .  9.45 

Middling  Gulf .  9.65 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  9.00 

Good  Middling .  9.85 

CHICAGO 

Butter,  creamery . 26  @  .33 

Eggs,  good  to  prime  firsts . 28  Cm  .30 

Live  Turkeys . 13  @  .15 

Fowls  . 09  ®  .10 

Chickens . 00  @  .10 

Potatoes,  bbl .  2.25  ©  2.50 

Apples,  bbl .  1.75  @  4.00 

Hogs .  6.00  @  6.55 


.75 

® 

1.00 

3. no 

@  4.00 

.10 

® 

.20 

.(10 

® 

.75 

.25 

@ 

.50 

1.00 

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2.50 

1.00 

® 

3.26 

2.00 

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2.75 

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.11 

® 

.11 

.07 

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(<£ 

.13 

.12 

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.13 

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.16 

.40 

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.50 

.22 

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.24 

.15 

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.20 

.22 

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25 

.18 

® 

.21 

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.16 

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.19 

1.50 

ATS 

©  4.50 

.12 

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.13 

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.08 

.10 

Or 

.12 

.09 

© 

.09; 

.07 

'a) 

.08 

©  7.60 
®  4.25 
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@  0.50 
®  6.00 
«o  3.50 
@  5.55 
@  6.50 

@  .. 
®  .. 
@  . 
®  .82 
@  .55 
@  .06 
®  1.28 


BUFFALO 

Butter,  creamery . 32  @ 

Eggs,  State . 38  @ 

Live  Chickens . 13  @ 

Fowls . 10  @ 

Potatoes,  bbl . 2.50  ©  3  00 

Hogs . 6.35  @  GAO 


.35 

.42 

.14 

12 


.10 

.08 

.08 

.27 


We  sent  18,500,000  pounds  of  raisins  to 
foreign  countries  last  year.  Canada  was  the 
best  customer,  taking  11,000.000  pounds. 
New  Zealand  3,000,000,  and  Germany  and 
England  each  1.000,000  pounds. 

Ix  1261  wheat  sold  in  England  at  15 
cents  per  bushel.  For  260  years  the  price 
ranged  between  this  figure  and  24  cents. 
During  the  next  250  years  the  price  ad¬ 
vanced  to  .$1.44.  The  highest  prices  of 
modern  times  were  from  1801  to  1811,  from 
$2.04  to  $3.07.  This  was  a  period  of  al¬ 
most  continual  war.  In  the  last  decade 
the  price  has  averaged  90  cents. 

A  woman  96  years  old  lias  traded  with 
one  Boston  grocer  since  1834.  The  business 
was  started  in  1831,  goods  being  delivered 
With  wheelbarrows.  Now  the  concern  runs 
several  stores,  all  on  street  corners,  in  ac¬ 
cordance  with  the  founder’s  ideas. 

We  have  had  a  very  wet  Fall  to  get  work 
done ;  seeding  late,  potato  digging  is  late 
on  account  of  wet  weather.  Some  good 

crops  ;  corn  good,  hay  not  very  good  on  ac¬ 
count  of  dry  weather ;  oats  short  crop. 
Apples  are  fair  crop.  Following  are  about 
the  market  prices  received  by  the  farmers 
here :  Potatoes  on  car  65  cents,  at  stores, 
80  cents.  Hay  $25  a  ton  ;  apples  50  cents 
to  75  cents.  Rutter  35  cents ;  eggs  30 
cents;  live  chickens  10  cents;  hogs,  dressed, 
10  cents;  sheep,  on  foot.  5%  cents;  cattle, 
dressed,  eight  cents;  little  pigs  $5  a  pair; 

oats.  65  cents;  corn.  45  cents;  milk,  eight 

cents.  w.  k.  j. 

Clearfield  Co.,  Pa. 

In  this  section  for  the  past  two  months 
the  greatest  amount  of  rain  has  fallen  ever 
known  for  this  season  of  the  year.  Nearly 
all  the  corn  for  filling  silos  had  to  be  cut 
by  hand,  as  the  ground  was  too  soft  to  use 
binders.  This  made  the  job  much  more  ex¬ 
pensive.  Corn  husking,  potato  digging  and 
beet  harvesting  have  been  greatly  delayed 
by  the  extremely  wet  weather.  Some  snow 
has  fallen  during  November,  which  has  fur¬ 
ther  delayed  farm  work.  On  this  account 
some  corn  will  be  left  in  the  fields  un¬ 
husked  all  Winter.  Corn  fodder  has  been 
considerably  damaged,  which  has  caused  an 
advance  in  the  price  of  hay.  It  is  now 
selling  for  i£16  to  $20  per  ton;  in  fact, 
feed  of  all  kinds  is  high  here.  There  has 
been  no  Fall  plowing  done,  and  as  it  is  now 
the  last  of  November,  it  does  not  look  as 
though  it  would  be  possible  to  do  any  this 
season.  This  country  is  in  the  fruit  belt, 
and  there  has  been  a  good  crop  of  all  kinds 
of  fruit  except  Winter  apples.  This  is  also 
a  great  dairy  country,  and  farmers  are 
prosperous.  j.  j. 

Ottawa  Co..  Mich. 


Auction  Prices, 

Cows  are  selling  from  $25  to  $30  for 
strippers,  and  $35  to  $50  for  fresh  cows. 
Milk.  $1.60  per  100  pounds;  potatoes,  75 
cents  per  bushel.  Hay,  $20  per,  ton  ;  ap¬ 
ples.  50  cents  per  bushel ;  pork,  six  cents 
per  pound  on  foot.  w.  L.  F. 

Bradford  Co.,  Pa. 

Hay  sells  from  $12  to  $18  a  ton  ;  oats, 
43  to  50  cents  a  bushel ;  corn,  25  to  30 
cents  a  bushel  in  ear.  Potatoes,  65  to  70 
cents.  Butter.  27  to  30  cents  a  pound ; 
eggs.  28  to  30  cents :  milk,  six  to  seven 
cents  a  quart ;  straw,  $8  a  ton  ;  cornstalks, 
four  cents  a  bundle.  l.  o.  k. 

Cranesville,  Pa. 

We  did  not  have  any  auction  sales  here 
this  Fall.  No  cattle  for  sale;  horses,  $150 
to  $250 ;  sheep.  $2  to  $3.50 ;  lambs,  five 
cents  per  pound.  Hogs,  five  to  six  cents, 
live  weight.  Wheat,  95  cents ;  corn,  70 
cents;  oats,  50  cents;  buckwheat,  $1.20 
per  100  pounds.  Potatoes,  70  cents;  apples, 
70  cents;  hay,  $18.  very  scarce.  Milk  whole¬ 
sales  for  16  cents  per  gallon.  a.  b. 

Carlton,  Pa. 

Cattle,  beef,  dressed,  eight  cents;  milch 
cows.  $35  to  $80  ;  pigs,  four  weeks  old,  $5 
pair;  hogs,  dressed,  10  cents  per  pound. 
Hay,  $18  to  $25 ;  no  silage  sold.  Manure 
at  town.  $1  per  load.  Milk,  wholesale,  4% 
cents ;  retail,  8  cents.  Potatoes,  80  cents  to 
$1 ;  cabbage,  one  cent  pound  ;  apples,  good, 
$1  ;  eggs,  dozen,  40  cents ;  butter,  pound, 
35  epnts.  j.  o. 

Clearfield,  Pa' 

They  do  not  have  auction  sales  in  this 
party  of  the  country.  Hay  sells  for  $20 
per  ton  ;  no  silage  sold.  Manure  is  $1  for  a 
two-horso  wagon  load.  Milk  retails  at  eight 
cents  a  quart.  Not  many  cattle  sold.  Po¬ 
tatoes  very  scarce;  also  apples;  bring  from 
50  cents  to  $1,  according  to  quality.  Coun¬ 
try  butter,  35  cents ;  eggs  scarce ;  30  to  40 
cents  per  dozen.  t.  l.  w. 

Curwensvillo,  Pa. 

Hay  sells  here  from  $19  to  $21  per  ton; 
straw,  $9  to  $10  ;  potatoes,  75  to  85  cents  a 
bushel ;  apples,  40  to  60  cents  per  bushel. 
Butter,  30  cents  a  pound  ;  eggs.  30  cents  a 
dozen  ;  milk  shipped  to  town,  20  cents  per 
gallon,  netting  the  dairyman  18  rents.  Ma¬ 
nure.  75  cents  to  $1  per  load  of  40  to  50 
bushels,  but  hard  to  get;  there  is  not 
enough  to  go  around.  c.  p.  m. 

Lane’s  Mills.  Pa. 

Sales  are  scarcer  this  Fall  than  I  ever 
knew  them  to  he.  an  indication  that  every¬ 
one  is  contented  with  his  lot  and  not  very 
unrestful.  Milch  cows,  $20  to  $28  ;  horses, 
$75  to  $225.  The  same  horses  would  have 
brought  from  $75  to  $100  more  one  year 
ago.  Hay.  $19  to  $21;  straw,  $9  to  $10; 
corn  on  ear.  48  cents;  oats.  46  to  54  cents; 
potatoes,  56  cents  at  auction ;  in  market, 
from  70  to  80  cents.  No  hogs  were  sold 
and  I  do  not  know  what  the  market  price  is 
now.  Pigs,  four  to  six  weeks  old,  are  $3  to 
$3.50  a  pair.  Apples,  40  to  50  cents;  eggs, 
30  cents  ;  butter,  30  cents.  Milk,  in  Septem¬ 
ber.  eight  cents.  We  live  12  miles  from 
market,  and  as  this  is  not  a  dairy  section, 
do  not  keep  posted  on  prices.  No  young  cat¬ 
tle  were  sold  at  either  one  of  the  above 
sales.  Chickens,  around  10  cents  per  pound, 
live.  We  do  not  have  the  large  city  mar¬ 
kets,  only  towns  of  4,000  to  15.000  popula¬ 
tion.  and  it  is  only  three  years  since  we  got 
a  railroad  in  this  immediate  neighborhood, 
so  have  not  got  to  shipping  in  large  quan¬ 
tities  yet.  Some  hay,  straw,  apples  and  po¬ 
tatoes  are  sent  out  in  car  lots.  M.  j.  t. 

Allen’s  Mills,  Pa. 

Prices  at  auction  sales  within  two  weeks 
as  follows:  Cows,  fresh  soon,  $50  to  $65; 
springers.  $35  to  $45 ;  calves,  $13 :  year¬ 
lings,  $15  to  $18;  two-year-olds,  $25  to 


$30.  These  were  mostly  good  grade  Jer¬ 
seys.  Hay  sold  at  $16.65  in  the  barn;  oats 
at  50  cents,  with  straw  at  about  $9.  A 
team  of  heavy  draft  horses,  weighing  3,000 
pounds,  went  at  $450.  No  silage  is  sold, 
and  what  manure  is  bought  is  contracted 
from  livery  and  feed  stables  in  town.  Corn, 
75  cents ;  eggs,  38  cents ;  butter,  36  cents, 
and  potatoes  about  90  cents.  Farmers  are 
getting  from  four  to  five  cents  per  quart 
from  milk  peddlers,  and  eondensary  quotes 
$1.80  per  hundred.  p.  b.  ii 

Corry,  Pa. 

Prices  of  farm  produce  at  auction  sale  are 
as  follows  :  Horses  from  $100  to  $200.  ac¬ 
cording  to  size ;  cows,  $25  to  $50 ;  sheep, 
$3  to  $5  ;  Timothy  hay,  $20  per  ton  ;  clover, 
$18  per  ton;  oat-straw,  $18  per  ton;  oats, 
50  cents  per  bushel ;  corn.  40  cents  per 
bushel ;  wheat,  80  cents  per  bushel.  Pota¬ 
toes,  60  cents  per  bushel ;  Winter  apples, 
50  cents  per  bushel;  chickens,  10  and  12 
cents  per  pound.  People  do  not  sell  any 
milk  in  this  vicinity.  Eggs.  25  cents  per 
dozen  ;  butter.  25  cents  per  pound.  Turkeys 
are  scarce.  The  crops  as  a  rule  were  a 
failure.  Hay  was  about  one-half  crop.  Oats 
averaged_  about  22  bushels  per  acre;  wheat, 
about  15;  corn  about  35;  buckwheat  was 
about  the  best  crop,  the  average  being  about 
25  bushels  per  acre.  Potatoes  went  about 
80  bushels  per  acre.  Some  of  the  orchards 
wore  loaded  with  apples,  while  others  were 
a  complete  failure.  at.  g. 

Allen’s  Mills,  Pa. 

I  have  made  out  a  list  of  farm  produce 
and  prices  at  local  value  :  Grains,  oats,  per 
bushel.  55  cents:  hay.  per  ton.  $15  to  $18. 
Buckwheat,  per  100  pounds.  $1.30;  straw, 
per  ton.  $6  to  $8 ;  corn,  per  bushel,  75 
cents ;  silage,  per  ton,  $3.50  to  $5 ;  rye, 
per  bushel,  90  cents ;  wheat,  $1.  Vege¬ 
tables.  cabbage,  per  ton.  $7 ;  squash,  per 
ton.  $20 ;  beets,  per  barrel,  90  cents ;  car¬ 
rots,  per  barrel,  75  cents;  pumpkins,  per 
iiarri’i,  SB  cents:  potatoes,  per  bushel;  65 
cents.  Nuts,  hickorynuts,  per  bushel.  $1.25; 
Blaefc  walnuts,  per  bushel,  81.  Poultry, 
chickens,  per  pound,  nine  cents;  ducks,  11 
cents;  geese,  12  cents;  turkeys,  18  cents. 
Eggs,  per  dozen.  32  cents.  Dairy  products, 
milk,  per  gal.,  24  cents  ;  butter,  per  pound, 
31  cents;  cheese,  per  pound.  15  cents.  Stock, 
cows,  strippers,  per  head.  $20  to  $30 ;  fresh, 
$35  to  $70;  yearlings,  $15  to  $35;  calves, 
$7  to  $15  ;  good  horses.  $160  to  $250  ;  four- 
week-old  pigs,  $1.50;  pork,  per  100  pounds, 
$8.50;  sheep,  per  head,  $4  to  $10.  Green 
hen  manure,  per  ton,  $18;  dry  hen  manure, 
per  ton,  $30  ;  barnyard  manure  hardly  ever 
sold,  sometimes  $1  per  load.  h.  m. 

Athens,  Me. 


The 


World  Crops. 

The  1011  wheat  harvest  in  the  Northern 
Hemisphere  began  last  March,  in  British 
India,  which  produced  3 72.000.000  bushels, 
and  ended  in  October  with  the  Canadian 
crop  of  about  200.000.000  bushels.  Russia 
is  the  only  country  in  which  the  yield  is 
much  reduced.  In  the  Southern  Hemisphere 
the  harvest  begins  in  November  and  lasts 
nntil  March,  the  present  outlook,  except  in 
Australia,  being  favorable  for  a  large  wheat 
yield.  Thus  it  would  be  possible  for  a  man 
to  work  at  harvesting  wheat  nearly  the 
whole  year,  if  he  cared  to  chase  the  crop 
around  the  world.  The  area  in  wheat  in 
Argentina  is  3.923,900  acres:  Australia, 
7,360,000,  and  New  Zealand,  320.000  acres. 
In  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  there  were 
1,951,099  acres  in  wheat,  1.756,127  in  bar¬ 
ley,  4,050.834  in  oats,  1.163.283  in  po¬ 
tatoes,  1.834,041  in  turnips,  102,460  in  cab¬ 
bage,  53,140  in  Alfalfa  and  4.157.037  in 
clover  and  other  grasses.  France  had  15,- 
644.800  acres  in  wheat,  yielding  314.197,000 
bushels;  oats.  9,983.100  acres.  290.776,000 
bushels.  Italy,  with  11.741,000  acres  in 
wheat,  got  192,395,000  bushels;  maize, 
3,726.200  acres,  93,837.000  bushels.  The 
potato  crop  of  Great  Britain  is  about  95 
per  cent,  of  an  average;  in  Germany  about 
868,000,000,  an  increase  of  nearly  40,000,-  i 
000  from  the  early  estimates. 

The  International  Institute  of  Agriculture 
gives  the  summary  of  world  crop  results : 
Wheat,  3,055.733,000  bushels  of  00  pounds; 
rye,  1,324.000.000  bushels  of  56  pounds; 
barley,  1.208.667.000  bushels  of  48  pounds; 
oats,  3,384,500,000  bushels  of  32  pounds ; 
corn,  the  estimated  production  in  Hun¬ 
gary  is  138,064,000  bushels  of  56  pounds ; 
rice,  the  area  probably  harvested  in  Brit¬ 
ish  India  is  52,792.000  acres;  cotton,  the 
estimated  area  planted  in  British  India  is 
17,331,000  acres.  The  estimated  area  of 
wheat  sown  in  Argentina  is  17,043,000 
acres;  in  Chili,  1,853,000  acres;  and  in 
Australia  7,905,000  acres.  The  estimated 
area  of  oats  sown  in  Argentina  Ls  2.547,000 
acres ;  and  in  Australia  689,000  acres. 


Apples  at  Auction. 

C.  E.  Thurston  &  Co.,  of  New  York,  who 
are  selling  eastern  apples  at  auction,  re¬ 
port  the  following  prices  received  recently  : 
Western  New  York  Baldwins,  fancy,  sell 
from  $2.50  to  $2.75  per  barrel,  choice  $1.50 
to  $2.25  per  barrel.  Hudson  River  Bald¬ 
wins  $1.25  to  $2.25  per  barrel.  Western 
New  York  Greenings,  extra  fancy,  $2.75 
to  $3.50,  choice  $1.50  to  $2.50  per  barrel, 
Hudson  River  $1.50  to  $2.40  per  barrel 
with  the  inferior  quality  selling  down  as 
low  as  $1.  A  few  barrels  of  very  fancy 
Western  New  York  Spitzenburgs  realized  $4 
to  $5  per  barrel,  and  a  few  Kings  $2.25 
to  $3.50  per  barrel. 


National  Grange  Officers. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  National  Grange, 
the  following  officers  wore  elected :  Master, 
Oliver  Wilson,  of  Illinois;  Overseer,  L.  H. 
Keeley,  of  Connecticut ;  Lecturer,  N.  P. 
Hull,  of  Michigan  ;  Steward,  B.  C.  Mullen, 
of  Idaho ;  Chaplain,  B.  T.  Smith,  of  Ver¬ 
mont ;  Treasurer.  Mrs.  E.  B.  McDowell,  or 
Massachusetts ;  Secretary,  C.  M.  Freeman, 
of  Ohio;  Gate  Keeper,  E.  B.  Judson,  oi 
Iowa;  Ceres,  Mrs.  E.  E.  Tattoo,  of  New 
Hampshire;  Pomona,  Mrs.  T.  C.  Atkesoa,  of 
West  Virginia  ;  Flora,  Mrs.  Ida  Judson,  of 
Iowa. 


L 

1 

GALVANIZED  ROOFINI 

5J 

1  Corrugated  $^96  per  square. 

I  or  V  crimp  ^  Del.  your  station  j 

Send  postal  for  now  catalogue  13 

1 

[  GRIFFIN  LUMBER  C0„  HUDSSVALIS  ] 

CONTENTS 

Rural  New-Yorker,  December  2, 
FARM  TOPICS. 

Gasoline  Power  for  Mowers . 

Alfalfa  and  Potatoes . 

Coming  Farmers’  Meetings . 

Spring  Crop  to  Plow  Under . 

Canadian  Plowing  Matches . 

Culture  of  Kale . 

A  North  Carolina  Cotton  Field . 

Sowing  Grass  Seed  in  Spring . 

Hope  Farm  Notes . 

Day’s  Work  in  Florida . 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

The  Great  Poultry  Contest . 

Angora  Goats  or  Sheep . 

Those  Chautauqua  County  Cows . 

Hog  Cholera  . . 

Prefers  Large  Yorkshire  Swine . 

Shropshires,  the  General  Purpose  Sheep 

Sore  on  TJdder  . 

“Profits”  from  a  Dairy  Herd . 

Value  of  Silage . 

Which  Hog  to  Kill . . 

Milk  . 

The  “Ellis  Milk  Bill” . 

A  Fake  Cow  Trade . 

How  Milk  Inspectors  Vary . 

The  Engineer’s  Brooders . 

Cotton-seed  for  Hens . 

Unslaked  Lime  for  Pigeon  Lofts . 

Breeding  Pullets  . 

Preserving  Hen  Manure . . 

Trouble  With  Ducks . 1 

Proportion  of  Male  Birds . 

Expressage  on  Poultry . 

HORTICULTURE. 

Direct  Trade  In  Apples . 

Peculiarities  of  the  McIntosh  Apple. 
An  Honorable  Tree  Agent  Talks. 

Damaged  Maple  Tree . 

Trademark  on  Nursery  Stock.... 

New  Plant  Immigrants . 

Whiting,  the  Tree  Agent . 

Keeping  Celery  in  Winter . 

Mighty  Profitable  . 

Propagating  Berry  Bushes . ’. 

Another  Seedless  Apple . 

Wood  for  Greenhouse  Heating.  .  . 
Grafting  Good-sized  Peach  Trees 
An  “Everbearing”  Apple  Tree.. 

Missouri  I'luin  Notes . 

Chestnut  Culture  in  Ohio . 

Chinese  Water  Gardens . j 

WOMAN  AND  THE  IIOM 

From  Day  to  Day . 

Suggestions  for  Trimmings. .' 

A  Few  Meat  Dishes......... 

The  Rural  Patterns . 

One  Use  for  Slippery  Elm.... 

Sour  Cream  Salad  Dressing.... 

Boiled  Salad  Dressing . ....... 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Building  that  Cistern . 

Editorials  . 

Other  People’s  Money . . 


1911. 

1150 

1150 

1152 

1153 

1153 

1 1 54 

1 1 55 

1 1 55 

1156 
1159 

1150 

1151 
1  162 
1162 
1162 
1  1  62 
1 1  62 

1 1 63 
1 1  63 

I  1  63 

1 1 64 

I I  64 
1 164 

1 1 64 

1 1 65 
1165 
1  1 65 
1165 
1  1 65 
1 1 65 
1 1 65 
1 165 


E. 


1149 
1  1  50 

1151 

1 1 52 
1  1 52 

1 1 52 

I  1 53 

I I  53 
1154 
1154 
1 1 54 

1154 
1 1  55 

1 155 
1157 
1157 
1157 

1 1 60 
1160 
1160 
1 1 61 
1  161 
1161 
1161 

1 1 53 

I  1 58 

I I  59 


WAAlim  „P1;u'?on  Southern  Dairy  Farm. 
II  nil  I  LU  11  aye  been  herdsman  on  certified 
.  ^  , ,  milk  farm  four  years.  Have 

fattened  nogs  and  beef  for  market.  Can  test 
figure  rations,  etc.  Position  must  be  perman- 

FARMER  WANTED^., 

erratic  man  of  good  character  as  farm  manager 
on  large  farm  near  the  City;  one  who  understands 
and  can  manage  all  kinds  of  farm  machinery. 
Must  be  thorough  farmer  and  able  to  got  most 
work  out  of  men  and  teams.  Good  house  supplied. 
Apply  by  letter  stating  age,  nationality,  family, 
wages  required  and  references.  M.M.  care  R  N.  Y 


TWO  GOOO  MEN  WANTED 

We  need  one  man  who  is  a  good  practical  farmer 
with  experience  in  the  South,  if  possible;  who  can 
manage  negroes.  Should:  be  able  to  keep  the 
farm  hooks.  Another  man  must  be  a  lover  of 
trees  and  plants,  for-  we  have  a  large  pecan 
orchard  and  some  nursery  to  look  after.  One  man 
with,  witte  to  keep  house  for  onr  small  family 
AHEUICAS  NUT  AND  FRUIT  Go. 

H-  E.  Van  ]>cman.  President,  Ferridny,  I.rt. 

WANTFfl  iV1  HP-to-dnto,  reliable  and  experienced 
nil  ■  lu  j  ai  mer  to  work,  preferably  on  sharos. 
,  ,  nundrod  acre  farm  in  western  Now  York* 
Good  land,  good  buildings  and  a  dairy  of  thirty 
cows.  I<  urtlior  particulars  wiU  be  given  to  inquirers 
who  state  experience,  ago.  education  and  resources; 
Address  S.  A.  B.,  care  Rural  New-Yorker. 

Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  S  CO  ,  Com. 
mission  Merchants.  284  Washington  St.,  New  York- 

JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JA1  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

Dressed  Poultry  and  Eggs  Our  Specialties 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  185S 

Poultry  forThanksgiving 

APPLES,  PEAKS  and  all  Frnits  and 
Vegetables,  Fancy  Eggs.  Hothouse 
Prodncts.  Top  prices  secured  for 
choice  goods.  Correspondence  solicited. 

Archdeacon  &  Co.,  100  Murray  St.,  New  York 

□  LEASE  send  a  trial  shipmonttotheOldestCom- 
F  mission  Honse  in  New  York.  Est.  1828.  Butter, 
Eggs,  Poultry,  Pork,  Calves,  Hay,  Grain,  Beans, 
Apples,  etc,  E.  B.  WOODWARD,  302  Greenwich  St.,  N.  T 

The  Rochester  Produce 

&  Commission  Company 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 

Highest  Prices  Paid  for  Butter,  Cheese,  Eggs,  Lard, 
Poultry,  Calves,  Beans.  Potatoes,  Et.c. 

244-246  Clinton  Avenue,  North  ROCHESTER.  N.  Y. 

yoiTh  Dressed  Turkeys,  Ducks  and  Geese 

- TO - 

GEO.  OLIVER  &  COMPANY 

Established  1850 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 
West  Washington  Market  New  York,  N.  Y. 
PROMPT  RETURNS 

Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 


93-95  South  Market  St., 


Boston. 


1168 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


December  2,  1911. 


f 


SPARK  PLUG 
BEHIND  EXHAUST 


INLET  VALVE 
SPRING 


CRANK  SHAFT 


BATTERY 


STA8TWG  HANDLE 


AUmHA.IC 

GOVERNOR 


SPARK  SWITCH 


SPARK 

CONNECTION 


HIGH-TENSION 

CABLE 


#<w0K 


CYLINDER" 

HEAD 


SCHMIDT’S 

CHILLED 

CYLINDER 


SCHMIDTS  PATENT 
— 1  COLD  BLAST  FAN 
ON  FLY  WHEEL 


LARGS 
OIL  C'JP 


TAPPET  ARM 


GASOLINE" 

TANK 


EXHAUST 

ROD 


FAN 

GUARD 


HOLLOW 
H  REIN  FORCED 
BASE 


£>  9  9 


{spark  RETARDER) 


This  Engine  Sent 


Here  is  an  absolutely  free  trial 

offer  on  our  marvelous  new  gasoline 

engine.  Actually  free  to  you  on  your  own  place 

for  ten  days.  Schmidt’s  Chilled  Cylinder  Gasoline  Engine,  the  marvelous  new  type  gasoline  engine  for 


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engine  so  perfect  that  we  want  you  to  try  it  free  so  that  you  may  see  how  easy  it  is  to  run.  Can  be  used  in  more  ways  than  was  thought  possible 
before  we  perfected  this  sensational  new  type  engine.  The  only  engine  today  with  a  Schmidt  process  chilled  cylinder.  It  has  all  our  other  new 
improvements  and  patents  also.  Easiest  to  run — most  powerful  and  economical.  Lightest  3  h.  p.  and  takes  up  less  room.  The  only  engine  for  farm  or 
shop  use  with  a  Spark  Retarder.  Can’t  “kick  back.”  Easiest  to  start — so  easy  that  your  wife  or  daughter  would  not  experience  the  least  difficulty  with  it. 

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farm  or  shop  machinery  to  try  this  engine  while  we  are  making  this  unparalleled  introductory 
offer.  This  offer  is  now  open.  This  offer  is  so  liberal  that  you  can’t  afford  to  go  without 
an  engine.  The  terms  we  offer  are  more  liberal  than  you  can  possibly  believe  until  you  get 
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Nobody  could  afford  to  make  .an  offer  like  this  with  any  other  engine.  We  put  every¬ 
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InuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiaimiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiuiHKXiif] 


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power  plants.  Special  hangers,  pulleys,  etc.,  for  farm  machinery.  You  can  run 
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offer  with  easy  payments  on  Schmidt’s  Chilled  Cylinder  Gasoline  Engine, 
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TVh  ITca  PnWAl*^  This  book  should  be  in  the  hands  of  every 
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Schmidt  Bros.  Co.  Engine  Works 

DEPT.  4299,  DAVENPORT,  IOWA 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4128. 


NEW  YORK, 


DECEMBER 

ft 


9,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR. 


THE  RECORD  CROP  OF  SILAGE  CORN. 
Over  68  Tons  Per  Acre. 

[The  Ross  Bros.  Co.  offered  a  prize  of  $50  for  the 
heaviest  yield  of  silage  corn  grown  on  one  acre — Eureka 
corn  to  be  planted.  They  informed  us  that  this  prize  was 
finally  awarded  to  Mrs.  H.  Will  Harris  of  Lenawee 
Co.,  Mich.,  who,  they  clam,  grew  70  tons  and  S00 
on  one  measured  acre.  We  asked  Mrs.  Harris,  who  is  a 
subscriber  of  Thh  R.  N.-Y.,  to  tell  us  the  story  of  this 
great  corn  crop,  and  this  is  her  report.] 

We  planted  two-thirds  bushel  of  ear  corn  on  three 
acres  of  land.  One  acre  is  a  fine  clay  loam  and  was 
used  only  for  pasture  the  year  before.  After  this 
land  had  been  carefully  prepared  we  drilled  into  it 
with  a  grain  drill  350  pounds  of  phosphate.  We  set 
the  drill  for  200  pounds  to  acre,  and  went  over  it 
one  way;  then  we  set  the  drill  for  150  pounds  to 
acre  and  went  the  other  way  over  the  land.  This 
acre  yielded  something  more  than  50  tons  of  fodder 
and  ripe  corn.  There  is  something  more  than  100 
bushels  of  ripe  ears  of  corn.  The  other  two  acres 
are  gravelly  loam,  which  had  been  thickly  covered 
with  rich  manure  from  the  cow  stable  during  the 
Winter.  One  acre  of  this  piece,  the  one  on  which 
we  won  the  prize,  had  been,  part  of  it,  an  old  hen- 
yard,  and  the  rest  an  old  hogyard.  This  land  was 
carefully  prepared  and  some  phosphate  hoed  into 
the  ground  after  the  corn  was  up,  the  hoeing  on  both 
pieces  always  being  just  thoroughly  stirring  the  top 
of  the  soil,  not  deep  enough  to  disturb  the  rootlets. 
The  corn  was  planted  with  a  two-horse  planter,  set 
to  sow  seven  inches  apart  in  the  row.  The  clay  loam 
was  planted  May  15,  the  other  two  acres  May  30.  It 
was  carefully  cultivated,  and,  as  said  above,  hoed. 
After  the  corn  was  as  high  as  a  man's  head  the  foliage 
was  so  dense  there  was  no  chance  for  weeds  to  grow, 
neither  could  it  be  hoed  or  cultivated.  We  needed 
feed  through  the  long  dry  time  of  last  Summer.  We 
began  to  feed  off  the  two  acres  about  the  25th  of 
July,  and  kept  five  cows,  four  horses,  a  number  of 
hogs,  geese,  etc.,  ever  since.  We  have  filled  a  small 
silo,  45  tons,  and  are  still  feeding  from  corn  raised 
on  these  two  acres.  Everything  eats  it  as  they  do 
sweet  .corn.  The  stalks  are  large  but  tender,  and 
there  was  little  waste  when  fed  green  from  the  field. 
T  think  that  we  can 
keep  our  seven  head  of 
cattle  and  four  horses 
on  these  two  acres 
and  have  feed  left. 

Of  course,  I  am  only 
trying  to  learn  and  do 
not  consider  myself 
much  of  a  judge,  but 
farmers  say  we  could 
keep  twice  the  number. 

We  have  2 7y2  acres  and 
much  is  used  for  mar¬ 
ket  gardening  and  rais¬ 
ing  flowers  for  florists, 
and  seeds,  but  we  are 
planning  to  keep  10 
cows,  young  cattle,  our 
four  horses,  and  with  a 
few  patches  of  Alfalfa 
and  Eureka  silage  corn 
to  raise  all  our  rough- 
age.  Farmers  who  have 
silos  are  watching  this 
corn  closely,  and  they 
all  think  it  is  wonder¬ 
ful.  MRS.  H.  WILL  HARRIS. 

Michigan. 

R.  N.-Y.— We  know 
there  is  soil  around 


Adrian,  Mich.,  that  is  suited  for  such  crops,  and 
about  as  rich  as  any  to  be  found  in  this  country- 
Add  to  this  naturally  strong  soil  the  fertility 
that  would  accumulate  in  a  henyard  and  hogyard  and 
we  see  that  the  corn  had  a  great  start.  The  pictures 
show  two  views  of  the  crop.  The  stalks  certainly 
grew  like  young  trees.  The  city  surveyor  of  Adrian 
measured  the  acre  and  also  measured  out  four  sep- 


A  SHOCK  OF  THE  CORN.  Fig.  476. 


arate  square  rods.  The  corn  on  these  four  rods  was 
cut  and  hauled  to  Adrian  and  weighed  by  the  city 
surveyor.  The  four  lots  weighed  3,500  pounds, 

Mrs.  Harris  willingly  gives  all  the  details,  and  so 
far  as  we  can  learn  this  record  is  authentic.  Of 
course,  under1  the  circumstances  no  one  could  expect 
to  have  every  load  from  the  acre  weighed. 


LIME,  ACID  SOILS  AND  ACID  PHOSPHATE. 
Another  View  of  the  Matter. 

On  page  1089  W.  H.  Bowker  discusses  these  sub¬ 
jects  in  an  interesting  manner.'  I  believe  a  further 
discussion  of  them  may  prove  helpful.  First,  consid¬ 
ering  which  form  of  lime  is  to  be  preferred,  caustic 
(quicklime)  or  carbonate  of  lime  (supplied  generally 
from  marl,  fine  ground  oyster  shells  or  fine  ground 
limestone),  it  seems  to  me  that  Mr.  Bowker,  who 
apparently  advocates  the  use  of  quick  or  caustic  lime, 
and  your  contributor,  Mr.  J.  M.  C.  Johnston,  who 
seems  to  favor  carbonate  of  lime,  are  both  right,  and, 
in  a  degree,  both  wrong.  While  this  may  seem  a 
paradox,  the  explanation  is  simple.  For  heavy  soils, 
rich  in  decayed  (or  decaying)  organic  matter,  where 
quick  results  are  necessary  to  correct  the  acid  soil 
conditions,  quicklime  is  indicated.  If  it  is  desired  to 
extend  the  effect  of  the  liming  over  a  long  period  on 
such  a  soil,  both  quicklime  and  carbonate  of  lime 
may  be  used,  half  a  ton  of  quicklime  and  two  tons  or 
upwards  of  carbonate  of  lime  being  recommended. 
On  the  other  hand,  where  soils  are  light  and  contain 
relatively  little  decayed  organic  matter,  the  use  of 
caustic  lime  may  do  harm.  Mr.  Johnston  might  find 
confirmation  of  his  views  in  the  following  by  Prof. 
James  Hendrick,  the  eminent  Scottish  authority: 

From  an  agricultural  point  of  view,  it  is  the  lime  which 
is  available  as  a  base,  and  not  merely  the  free  or  caustic 
lime,  which  is  important.  Lime  which  is  so  loosely  com¬ 
bined  as  to  be  capable  of  neutralizing  acidity  and  of  act¬ 
ing  as  a  base  during  nitrification,  is  what  is  desired  in 
the  soil.  Free  alkali  is  not  desired  in  the  soil,  but  lime 
in  the  form  of  carbonate,  in  which  it  is  not  free  and  does 
not  render  the  soil  strongly  alkaline,  yet  is  available  to 
neutralize  acidity  in  the  soil,  is  what  is  required.  (Jour¬ 
nal  of  the  Society  of  Chemical  Industry.) 

Again  we  find,  in  Farmers’  Bulletin  No.  77,  on 
“The  Liming  of  Soils,”  issued  by  the  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture,  the  following: 

Excessive  amounts  of  lime,  especially  on  light  soils, 
may  have  an  injurious  action.  This  is  particularly  true 
of  freshly  slaked  lime  and  of  ground  limestone  upon  light 
sandy  soils  which  are  inclined  to  be  dry  and  which  con¬ 
tain  only  small  amounts  of  organic  matter.  It  hastens 
unduly  the  decomposition  of  organic  matter,  and  this 
renders  the  soil  more  open  and  less  retentive  of  fertilizers 
and  moisture  than  before. 

Thus  it  appears  that 
the  kind  or  form  of 
lime  to  be  used  de¬ 
pends  entirely  upon 
the  particular  condi¬ 
tions  existing  on  the 
farm  where  it  is  to  be 
employed,  and  is  a  mat¬ 
ter  concerning  which 
each  individual  farmer 
should  use  his  best  care 
and  best  judgment. 

ACID  PHOSPHATE. 
—It  is  entirely  true,  as 
Mr.  Bowker  points  out, 
that  the  acidity  of  acid 
phosphate  is  not  due  to 
the  presence  of  any  free 
sulphuric  acid.  The  sul¬ 
phuric  acid  is  combined 
or  locked  up  with  the 
lime  in  the  form  of  sul¬ 
phate  of  lime  or  gypsum, 
a  very  stable  compound. 
The  fact  remains,  how¬ 
ever,  that  acid  phos¬ 
phate  is  an  extremely 
acid  material,  this  acid¬ 
ity  being  due  to  the 
presence  of  a  consider- 


A  VIEW  OF  THAT  68-TON  CORN  ACRE.  Fin.  477. 


1170 

able  amount  of  free  phosphoric  acid,  a  strong 
mineral  acid,  and  also  to  the  presence  of  mono¬ 
calcium  phosphate  (one-lime  phosphate),  which  is  an 
extremely  acid  salt.  Acid  phosphate  frequently 
contains  from  four  to  6^%  of  free  phosphoric  acid, 
or,  in  other  words,  from  80  to  130  pounds  of  free 
phosphoric  acid  in  a  ton.  The  same  acid  phosphate 
may  also  contain  from  seven  to  A/%  of  phosphoric 
acid  in  the  form  of  mono-calcium  phosphate ;  that  is, 
from  140  to  90  pounds  of  phosphoric  acid  in  this 
form  per  ton.  It  is  the  free  phosphoric  acid  and  the 
mono-calcium  phosphate  in  the  acid  phosphate  that 
causes  the  material  to  “eat”  or  destroy  the  bags,  and 
it  is  this  fact  that  makes  it  necessary  for  practically 
all  fertilizer  manufacturers  to  treat  with  special  com¬ 
pounds  the  bags  in  which  acid  phosphate  is  to  be 
packed  and  shipped. 

In  my  opinion,  the  depletion  of  soils  of  their  lime 
content  is  due  very  largely  to  another  material,  namely, 
muriate  of  potash  or  chloride  of  potash.  Chlorides 
rob  the  soil  of  lime  by  forming  in  the  soil  chloride  of 
calcium,  which  is  over  1.6  times  as  soluble  as  common 
salt,  and  therefore  leached  out  on  the  ground  very 
readily. 

Now  when  it  is  considered  that  the  favorite  prcj 
scription  of  the  home  mixers  of  fertilizer  is  a  mixture 
of  raw  acid  phosphate  and  muriate  of  potash,  with 
sometimes  the  addition  of  a  relatively  small  amount  of 
nitrate  of  soda,  it  is  apparent  that  this  is  the  worst 
combination  that  can  be  devised  for  use  upon  soils 
where  it  is  desired  to  maintain  an  alkaline  condition. 
This  accounts,  I  believe,  for  many  of  the  bad  results 
obtained  from  the  use  of  home  mixtures.  On  the 
other  hand,  in  preparing  high-grade  commercial  fer¬ 
tilizers,  the  careful  manufacturer  so  prepares  his  goods 
that  the  free  phosphoric  acid  in  the  acid  phosphate 
shall  exert  its  influence  on  the  bone,  tankage  and 
other  materials  contained  in  the  goods,  and  further 
provides  a  certain  amount  of  basic  materials  in  the 
fertilizers,  so  that  the  user  of  these  goods  receives  all 
the  benefits  from  the  acid  phosphate  without  experi¬ 
encing  any  of  its  disadvantages.  The  employment  of 
these  basic  materials  also  supplies  in  a  correct  pro¬ 
portion  the  basic  materials  necessary  to  replace  in  the 
soil  any  lime  that  may  have  been  removed  by  the 
muriate  of  potash  or  by  the  use  of  sulphate  of  am¬ 
monia.  The  manufacturer  with  his  corps  of  expert 
chemists  is  able  to  determine  to  a  nicety  just  how 
much  of  such  material  is  required,  which  the  home 
mixer  can  hardly  hope  to  do. 

In  confirmation  of  the  fact  that  acid  phosphate  used 
in  its  raw  state  may  do  harm,  I  quote  the  following 
from  the  latest  edition  of  the  standard  work  on  agri¬ 
culture  by  Prof.  F.  H.  Storer : 

In  using  superphosphate,  a  certain  amount  of  care 
should  be  exercised,  as  was  said  just  now,  lest  this  acid 
substance  injure  the  seed  or  the  young  crop  or  useful 
micro-organisms  in  the  soil.  It  is  well  known  that  free 
mineral  acids,  even  when  highly  diluted,  are  injurious  to 
most  plants.  For  example,  sulphuric  acid  diluted  even 
with  1,000  parts  of  water  has  been  used  with  advantage 
for  killing  grass  and  weeds  in  gravel  walks  made  witn 
Hint  or  silicious  sand. 

The  effect  of  residual  sulphuric  acid  in  the  soil  is 
well  shown  by  the  continuous  manuring  of  the  same 
piece  of  ground  with  sulphate  of  ammonia  for  a  term 
of  years.  Starting  with  a  field  having  a  luxuriant 
growth  of  Timothy  and  clover,  we  find  after  manur¬ 
ing  such  a  field  with  sulphate  of  ammonia  for,  say, 
three  or  four  years  that  the  growth  on  it  is  simply  a 
mass  of  daisies,  sorrel,  and  other  noxious  weeds.  And 
yet,  when  properly  used  in  commercial  fertilizers  in 
which  the  proper  basic  materials  are  supplied,  it  is  an 
acknowledged  fact  that  sulphate  of  ammonia  is  one  of 
the  best  sources  of  ammonia  (or  nitrogen)  that  we 
know  of. 

In  general,  it  can  be  truly  said  that  an  acid  condi¬ 
tion  is  obnoxious  to  nature.  In  human  beings  it 
causes  rheumatism,  gout,  kidney  troubles  and  a  host 
of  other  diseases.  In  the  soil  it  prevents  the  profitable 
growth  of  such  valuable  crops  as  Timothy  (Herd’s 
grass),  Blue  grass,  clover,  Alfalfa,  asparagus,  spinach, 
onions,  tobacco,  beets,  celery,  lettuce,  and  many  others. 
It  prevents  development  in  the  soil  of  the  nitro¬ 
bacteria  that  enable  the  leguminous  crops,  such 
as  clover,  Alfalfa,  etc.,  to  take  nitrogen  from  the  air 
and  also  prevents  the  growth  in  the  soil  of  the  nitrify¬ 
ing  bacteria  that  convert  crude  forms  of  nitrogen 
into  nitrates  suitable  for  plant  food. 

From  what  I  have  said  above  and  what  I  have 
quoted  from  other  authorities,  it  will  be  clear  that  I 
do  not  quite  agree  with  Mr.  Bowker  in  believing  that 
free  sulphuric  acid  is  desirable  in  the  soil,  espe¬ 
cially  in  view  of  the  fact  that  it  destroys  plants  even 
when  diluted  with  1.000  parts  of  water.  I  am  inclined 
to  think  that  if  there  is  any  benefit  to  growing  plants, 
to  be  derived  from  sulphur  that  it  is  more  likely  that 
this  benefit  would  result  from  the  use  of  neutral 
salts  of  this  acid.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  we  have  as 
yet  in  this  country  barely  scratched  the  surface  of  the 


THE  RURAF  NEW-YORKER 

subject  of  chemistry  of  plant  foods.  Not  only  should 
the  question  of  the  value  of  sulphur  be  thoroughly  in¬ 
vestigated,  but  also  the  effects  of  iron  in  preventing 
and  curing  chlorosis  (bleaching  or  yellowing  of  the 
leaves),  and  in  developing  high  color  in  fruits,  should 
be  studied.  The  effects  of  manganese  in  correcting 
soil  toxins  or  poisons  and  in  preventing  and  curing 
the  sickly  yellow  appearance  the  oat  crop  frequently 
has,  should  be  thoroughly  investigated.  I  believe  that 
Mr.  Bowker  is  on  the  right  track  in  encouraging  the 
study  of  these  questions,  but,  as  you  observe,  I  reach 
the  goal  of  my  conclusions  by  a  somewhat  different 
road.  GEORGE  d.  leavens. 


THE  GREAT  HEN  CONTEST. 

The  second  week  of  the  “International  Egg-laying 
Contest,”  at  Storrs  College,  Connecticut,  leaves  the 
White  Leghorns  still  in  the  lead,  the  champion  pen 
this  week  being  the  pen  of  Thomas  Barron,  of  Eng¬ 
land.  They  laid  17  eggs  out  of  a  possible  35,  nearly 
a  50  per  cent  lay.  Buff  Leghorns  were  second  best, 
the  pen  of  Geo.  H.  Schmitz,  of  Illinois,  laying  13  eggs, 
a  37  per  cent.  lay.  This  contest  may  lead  to  a  re¬ 
vision  of  the  generally  accepted  opinion  that  Leg¬ 
horns  are  not  good  Winter  layers.  Not  very  long  ago 
Leghorns  were  supposed  to  require  tight  warm  houses 
if  any  eggs  were  expected  in  Winter ,  and  stoves  or 
other  means  of  artificial  heating  of  the  houses  was 
frequently  resorted  to  to  produce  “Summer  condi¬ 
tions,”  as  it  was  called.  But  this  contest  is  in  open- 
front  houses  with  constant  stveep  of  fresh  air  through 
them  night  and  day,  the  houses  being  boarded  up 
from  the  bottom  only  high  enough  to  prevent  the 
wind  blowing  directly  on  the  birds.  The  155  White 
Leghorns  in  this  contest  laid  96  eggs  the  second  week, 
as  against  37  the  first  week.  But  I  imagine  I  hear 
some  of  the  breeders  of  the  American  breeds  say : 
“Just  wait  until  we  get  some  zero  weather,  then  see 
them  shut  up  like  a  jackknife.”  Well,  that  is  one  of 
the  things  this  contest  is  to  find  out. 

The  American  breeds  have  not  made  a  very  good 
showing  up  to  date.  Out  of  13  pens  of  Barred  P. 


TRAP  NEST  USED  IN  HEN  CONTEST.  Fig.  47S. 


Rocks  only  two  pens  have  laid,  one  giving  eight  eggs 
and  one  four.  Four  pens  of  White  P.  Rocks  have  laid 
three  eggs  in  the  two  weeks.  Partridge  P.  Rocks, 
Columbian  P.  Rocks,  Silver  Wyandottes  and*  Golden 
Wyandottes  have  not  laid  an  egg.  Buff  Wyandottes, 
only  one  pen  entered,  have  laid  nine.  Three  pens  of 
Columbian  Wyandottes  have  laid  six.  Eight  pens  of 
White  Wyandottes  have  laid  35.  Single  Comb  R.  I. 
Reds,  eight  pens,  have  laid  eight  eggs,  while  the  Rose 
Comb  Reds,  four  pens,  have  laid  20.  Black  Minorcas, 
Anconas,  Houdans  and  “Buttercups”  have  not  laid  an 
egg.  The  Buff  Orpingtons,  four  pens,  have  laid  17 
eggs ;  five  pens  of  White  Orpingtons  have  laid  18 
eggs. 

Without  doubt  the  biggest  improvement  in  poultry 
keeping  in  many  years  has  been  the  introduction  of 
the  open-air  house;  and  bipeds  of  the  “genus  homo” 
are  finding  out  the  benefit  of  fresh  air.  Out  of  the 
dozen  dwelling  houses  on  Willington  Hill,  four  have 
been  equipped  with  open  air  sleeping  rooms,  and 
another  is  soon  to  be.  These  are  built  over  the  piazzas; 
drop  blinds  furnish  privacy,  but  let  the  air  through. 
The  old  scourge  of  New  England,  consumption,  wi’l 
have  his  teeth  drawn  and  his  claws  cut  in  proportion 
as  this  habit  obtains.  geo.  a.  cosgrove. 

R.  N.-Y. — Last  week  we  gave  a  picture  of  the  house 
in  which  these  “contest”  hens  are  kept.  This  week  at 
Fig.  478  is  shown  the  form  of  trap  nest  used  for 
testing  the  birds. 

GOOD  YOUNG  STOCK.— The  picture  at  Fig.  480 
is  sent  us  by  a  friend  in  Tompkins  County,  New  York. 
It  is  a  picture  of  her  neighbor’s  boy,  and  she  said  it 
shows  one  way  of  keeping  the  boys  on  the  farm. 
This  boy  is  12  years  old.  He  walks  three  miles  to 
school,  and  says  he  is  “on  the  way  to  Cornell.” 
Among  other  valuable  and  interesting  qualities  it  is 
said  that  he  can  make  a  good  cake  that  will  melt  in 
your  mouth,  as  well  as  take  care  of  a  horse  or  other 
farm  stock.  Certainly  as  the  group  stands  it  shows 
a  collection  of  fine  stock,  which  might  well  be  multi¬ 
plied  on  the  farms  of  New  York. 


December  0, 

“THE  CONSUMER’S  DOLLAR.” 

This  week  we  begin  a  series  of  articles  designed  to 
show  just  what  consumers  in  various  American  cities 
pay  for  stated  articles  of  food.  We  have  selected 
such  articles  as  farmers  can  sell  direct  where  they 
have  opportunity  in  a  public  market  or  by  private 
trade.  These  articles  are  freely  sent  by  mail  in 
Europe  and  Great  Britain,  where  there  is  a  fair  par¬ 
cels  post  privilege.  In  order  to  obtain  these  figures  we 
wrote  to  parties  whose  names  are  taken  at  random 
from  our  list.  No  effort  has  been  made  to  make  any 
special  showing  one  way  or  the  other.  These  people 
were  merely  asked  to  tell  just  what  they  pay  for  these 
articles.  The  only  object  we  have  is  to  get  at  the 
facts.  We  hope  to  report  these  prices  from  week  to 
week.  Let  farmers  compare  the  prices  they  receive 


with  these  figures : 

1 

Pittsburgh, 

Portland, 

Hartford, 

Harris- 

Pa. 

Me. 

Conn. 

buro,  Pa. 

Roasting  fowl,  per  lb _ . 

20-25 

20-25 

*65-90 

One-half  peck  potatoes... 

...  10  15 

13 

15 

20-25 

One  quart  onions . 

...  5-13 

6-8 

5 

5-15 

One-half  peck  turnips.... 
One  bunch  celerv . 

...  20 
...  5 

8-15 

10-15 

10 

12 

5-10 

5-15 

One  head  lettuce . 

5 

8 

5-10 

15 

One-half  peck  apples . 

. ..  8-15 

15 

13 

One  dozen  eggs . . 

50 

30-45 

38-40 

One  pound  butter.... 

37-38 

3G 

35-43 

One  pound  lard  . . 

15-18 

13 

1214 

14 

One  pound  country  sausage.  15 

10 

18 

14-18 

*  One  fowl. 

The  Hartford  correspondent 

says : 

Regarding  roasting  fowl,  would  say  that  this  was  a 
‘'gilt  edged"  bird  furnished  me  November  10  by  my  laun¬ 
dress,  so  this  price  was  direct  “from  producer  to  con¬ 
sumer.”  I  could  not  say  what  the  store  price  would  have 
been,  as  we  have  found  store  chickens  very  unsatisfactory. 
The  other  prices  are  regular  grocery  rates  and  grocery 
measure.  Butter,  the  best  creamery ;  eggs  from  nearby 
poultry  farms,  fresh,  but  with  pale  yolks  and  thin  whites. 

The  Pittsburg  correspondent  says  fresh  butcher’s 
sausage  is  referred  to  in  her  case.  The  chicken  is 
fresh-killed.  The  prices  had  been  the  same  for  sev¬ 
eral  weeks,  except  the  butter  and  eggs,  which  were  in¬ 
creasing  and  would  go  higher. 

Our  Harrisburg  informant  says: 

1  understand  the  price  the  hucksters  were  paying  the 
last  day  or  two  for  potatoes  at  the  car  is  $1.10  a  bushel. 
1  recently  bought  a  barrel  of  Greenings  from  a  commis¬ 
sion  house  hero  in  town  for  $2.50.  They  were  raised  in 
the  vicinity  of  Harrisburg.  Mr.  Gabriel  Iliester  told  me 
recently  that  he  was  selling  his  Baldwin  apples  f.  o.  b.  at 
Newport,  Fa.,  for  $4.25  a  barrel.  The  bulk  of  the  green 
goods  such  as  you  mention  are  sold  in  the  markets  here. 
There  are  five  markets  in  Harrisburg,  full  of  stalls  which 
are  rented  by  the  farmers  (there  are  a  few  hucksters  who 
have  stalls)  and  they  regulate  the  price.  The  stores  can¬ 
not  charge  any  more,  or,  if  they  do,  there  will  be  no  sale. 
Nearly  every  housewife  can  be  seen  trudging  to  and  from 
the  market  with  her  basket  on  Wednesday  and  Saturday, 
so  that  the  farmer  in  this  vicinity  gets  100  cents  on  the 
dollar,  and  you  may  be  sure  that  they  get  all  their  goods 
are  worth,  and  then  some,  for  the  quality  of  the  better 
part  of  the  produce  is  inferior.  At  the  present  time  we 
lire  paying  seven  cents  a  quart  for  milk  in  the  city. 
There  was  recently  an  agitation  to  raise  the  price,  but 
the  consumers  and  peddlers  of  the  milk  remonstrated  so 
strongly  against  the  farmers  raising  the  price,  and  thev 
showed  so  conclusively  that  other  towns  in  the  vicinity 
were  selling  milk  cheaper  than  here  that  the  matter  has 
been  temporarily  dropped.  1  am  told,  however,  on  good 
authority,  that  the  farmers  of  the  vicinity  are  forming  a 
stock  company.  They  intend  to  put  up  a  building  for  the 
distribution  of  milk,  have  their  owu  wagons  for  deliver¬ 
ing  it,  charge  six  cents  a  quart  to  the  consumer,  until  they 
have  driven  our  present  milkmen  out  of  business,  when 
the  intention  is  to  raise  it  to  nine  cents.  This  is  all  be¬ 
cause  the  physician  who  runs  a  private  sanitarium  and  is 
used  to  fat  fees  started  in  to  raising  milk  and  was  not 
satisfied  with  a  reasonable  profit.  p.  t.  b. 


WHAT  ABOUT  CROWN-GALL  ON  TREES. 

I  have  bought  the  farm  on  which  the  former  owner 
planted  in  18S9  and  1902  about  800  apple  trees,  with  other 
fruits.  There  are  475  of  these  now  standing,  but  at  least 
100  will  have  to  come  out.  Those  which  must  come  out 
have  never  made  any  growth  to  amount  to  anything,  and 
arc  worthless.  Nearly  every  one  has  well-developed  crown- 
gall  or  hairy  root.  The  good  trees  show  either  none  or 
only  slight  infection.  The  really  serious  problem  is  :  Can 
1  safely  replant  this  orchard,  either  where  trees  have  been 
gone  for  some  time,  or  where  I  take  them  out  now?  If 
the  disease  is  carried  by  tools  and  is  in  the  soil,  would 
it  not  of  necessity  affect  the  new  trees?  -  a.  w.  s. 

Pennsylvania. 

My  opinion  is  that  one  cannot  safely  plant  peach, 
apple,  and  many  other  orchard  trees  in  soil  where 
plants  diseased  with  crown-gall  have  grown.  It  does 
not  always  follow  that  a  galled  tree  is  a  poor  one,  or 
that  it  will  die  because  it  has  a  gall ;  but  its  presence 
in  a  field  makes  conditions  dangerous  for  those  varie¬ 
ties  less  resistant  to  gall,  and  also  to  very  young  trees. 
The  crown-gall  organism  works  in  soft  tissue,  and  by 
being  there  stimulates  more  soft  tissue  to  form  in 
the  shape  of  galls.  Galls  may  become  very  hard,  but 
the  dangerous  part  is  always  the  softer  superficial 
layers.  This  soft  tissue  is  an  attractive  place  for 
borers,  which,  working  through  the  galls  and  then 
through  other  parts  of  the  crown  of  the  tree  not 
galled,  carry  the  organism  with  them  and  infect  these 
other  parts.  It  is  not  an  uncommon  thing  to  find  a 
peach  tree  almost,  or  entirely,  girdled  by  a  succession 
of  galls  accompanied  by  borers. 

If  healthy  trees  are  wounded  by  the  cultivator  or 
by  a  tool  used  to  take  out  borers,  which  instruments 
and  tools  have  been  used  at  other  times  around  dis¬ 
eased  trees,  infection  in  the  healthy  trees  may  follow. 

The  experimental  stage  has  not  yet  been  passed  with 
reference  to  such  a  broad  subject  as  crown-gall,  but 
certain  facts  have  been  established :  The  disease  is 
infectious;  its  presence  is  injurious,  whether  directly 
or  indirectly,  and  the  safest  way  to  prevent  its  spread¬ 
ing  in  a  }roung  orchard  is  to  destroy  by  burning  trees 
known  to  be  infected,  and  not  risk  replanting  in  the 
soil  from  which  an  infected  tree  was  lifted. 

Department  of  Agriculture.  erwin  f.  smith. 


1911. 


1  17 1 


GETTING  CLOSE  TO  THE  CONSUMER. 
Public  Markets  for  the  Farmers. 

I  have  read  with  interest  the  many  articles  pertain¬ 
ing  to  the  consumer’s  dollar,  and  can  easily  see  the 
difficulty  of  changing  conditions  in  large  centers  like 
New  York,  Philadelphia  or  Chicago,  where  the  mat¬ 
ter  of  transportation  enters  so  largely  into  the  ques¬ 
tion.  The  producer  being  in  many  instances  many 
miles  away  from  the  city,  is  at  the  entire  mercy  of 
the  commission  merchant  and  transportation  com¬ 
panies,  unless  he  makes  an  effort  to  sell  direct  to  the 
retailer.  There  are  certainly  many  hundreds  of  re¬ 
tail  stores  in  the  large  cities  that  would  buy  produce 
direct,  in  that  way  getting  it  fresh  and  possibly  a 
little  lower  than  buying  from  the  jobber,  as  the  pro¬ 
ducer  could  well  afford  to  make  a  price  a  little  be¬ 
low  the  jobber’s  and  still  realize  better  returns  than 
by  shipping  on  commission.  One  of  my  neighbors  is 
supplying  eggs  regularly  to  several  of  Philadelphia’s 
largest  hotels  direct  and  receiving  top  prices  through¬ 
out  the  season.  Many  other  producers  can  do  the 
same,  only  they  must  go  after  the  busi¬ 
ness.  Several  in  a  community  could 
join  together  and  have  one  member  go 
to  the  city  and  solicit  such  trade,  and  I 
feel  confident  many  dealers  and  consum¬ 
ers  could  be  found  who  would  be  at 
least  willing  to  give  direct  shipping  a 
trial. 

The  article  on  page  1111  on  establish¬ 
ing  a  farmers’  market  in  Decatur,  Ill., 
is  interesting,  but  an  old  story  to  Lan¬ 
caster  County  inhabitants,  as  Lancaster 
City,  with  about  50,000  population,  has 
had  such  markets  for  years,  and  it  has 
always  seemed  almost  inconceivable  to 
me  that  other  similar  cities  did  not  have 
similar  markets.  In  Lancaster  the  city 
owns  one  market  house  containing  nearly 
300  stands,  which  are  sold  to  the  highest 
bidder  each  season  for  one  year’s  rental, 
some  individual  stands  selling  as  high  as 
$100  when  there  is  competition.  The 
usual  price  is  from  $25  to  $50  each.  The 
city  also  sells  space  along  the  curb  for 
about  two  city  squares  for  Wednesday 
and  Saturday  morning,  when  farmers 
back  their  wagons  up  to  the  curb  and 
place  a  narrow  stand  on  the  pavement 
next  to  the  curb,  and  in  some  instances 
next  to  store  line  also.  These  stands,  or 
spaces,  sell  at  from  $6  to  $10  per  year. 

On  these  two  city  markets  Wednesday 
and  Saturday  morning  market  opens 
usually  about  4  a.  m.  and  continues  till 
9.30  to  10  a.  m.  In  addition  to  this 
there  are  five  privately  owned  market 
houses,  where  markets  are  held  Tues¬ 
day  morning,  Thursday  and  Saturday 
a.  m.  and  Saturday  p.  m.  The  stalls  in 
these  houses  are  sold  for  one-year  terms 
to  farmers,  butchers,  bakers  and  truck¬ 
ers,  same  as  city  markets. 

Each  house  has  over  200  stands,  so 
you  can  form  an  idea  of  the  amount  of 
produce  taken  to  Lancaster  and  sold 
by  the  producers  direct  to  the  consumers. 

Potatoes,  apples,  etc.,  are  also  hauled 
through  the  city  streets  by  many  farm¬ 
ers,  who  do  not  attend  market  regu¬ 
larly.  There  were  no  $1.50  to  $2  po¬ 
tatoes  in  Lancaster  this  season,  and  if 
there  were  the  producer  received  the 
full  price,  except  the  early  shipped  po¬ 
tatoes  from  Norfolk,  etc.  The  only 
charge  here  to  check  up  against  this  method  is  the 
time  required  each  trip,  wear  and  tear  on  horse  and 
wagon,  and  market  stand  rental,  but  this  is  a  small 
item  in  comparison  to  the  usual  60  to  70  cents  the 
swarm  of  middlemen  exact  of  the  producer's  dollar, 
so  they  can  live  well,  and  work  little. 

There  are  evidently  hundreds  and  possibly  thou¬ 
sands  of  cities  and  towns  where  a  system  similar  to 
this  could  be  put  into  operation.  Whose  fault  is  it 
that  it  is  not  done?  There  are  thousands  of  farm¬ 
ers  and  truckers  over  the  country  smarting  under  the 
unjust  returns  received  for  hard  labor,  who,  if  they 
would  make  a  determined  effort  to  better  their  mar¬ 
keting  conditions,  could  certainly  do  so.  If  you  live 
within  hauling  distance  of  a  city  or  town  where  you 
think  people  eat  some  of  the  things  you  produce, 
and  you  have  no  regular  markets,  try  peddling  a  few 
loads  through  the  streets.  You  will  soon  be  sur¬ 
prised  at  the  trade  picked  up,  as  nearly  all  consumers 
prefer  fresh  produce  to  the  kind  found  in  the  stores, 
of  very  uncertain  age.  This  method  would  be  much 
better  for  your  bank  account  than  shipping  to  some 
large  center  on  commission,  even  though  causing 


T'£-I£C  RURAL)  NEW-YORKER 

slightly  more  work.  Each  season  we  make  a  specialty 
of  early  tomatoes,  which  are  sold  in  Lancaster.  This 
season  we  began  marketing  June  26,  and  till  July  7 
had  sold  3,000  pounds  at  10  cents  per  pound  average. 
During  this  period  the  market  was  oversupplied  with 
tomatoes  shipped  from  the  South,  and  also  a  fair 
amount  from  early  growers  through  the  country.  We 
could  not  sell  anywhere  near  this  quantity  at  one 
stand  on  each  market  without  lowering  the  retail 
price,  so  I  asked  various  farmers  and  truckers  in  the 
different  markets  whom  I  thought  would  likely  sell 
for  me,  and  soon  had  20  or  more  willing  to  do  so. 
They  were  charged  eight,  10  and  11  cents  flat,  and 
sold  them  for  what  profit  they  could  make. .  In  this 
manner  zee  did  not  receive  all  the  producer’s  dollar, 
but  zve  did  receive  more  than  double  zvhat  zve  zvould 
had  zve  shipped  to  commission  merchants  in  Philadel¬ 
phia  or  Nezv  York. 

After  July  7  the  price  dropped  to  seven,  six  and 
five  cents  per  pound,  wholesale,  at  which  figure  the 
entire  crop  was  disposed  of  except  a  few  hundred 
pounds  sold  first  week  in  August.  At  the  present 


time  farmers  are  receiving  75  cents  to  $1  per  bushel 
for  potatoes  and  the  same  figure  for  apples,  20  cents 
per  half  peck  measure  being  realized  for  choice  apples. 
Good  home-grown  celery  retails  at  five  to  10  cents 
per  stalk,  and  all  other  vegetables  at  corresponding 
figures.  Eggs  at  present  range  about  36  cents  per 
dozen,  some  days  as  high  as  40  cents  being  realized. 
Butter  marketed  by  farmers,  35  cents  per  pound. 
The  people  of  Lancaster  have  become  so  accustomed 
to  purchasing  all  needed  supplies  in  these  markets 
that  all  butchers  and  bakers  in  the  city  have  regular 
stands  and  dispose  of  enormous  quantities  of  their 
products  each  market  day.  If  farmers  living  near 
cities  and  towns  would  organize  and  request  city  or 
town  authorities  for  a  space  in  which  to  sell  goods  on 
specified  days,  more  could  be  accomplished  in  a  few 
weeks  than  by  months  of  writing  and  discussion. 
There  are  millions  of  dollars  of  consumers’  money 
going  into  the  middlemen’s  pockets  that  the  farmers 
should  have,  and  can  have  if  they  go  after  it. 

Lancaster  Co.,  Pa.  elmer  j.  weaver. 

R-  N.-Y. — This  is  a  typical  case.  There  are  thou¬ 
sands  of  consumers  waiting  for  just  this  chance. 


A  HOME  IN  THE  OZARKS. 

Built  by  Town  People. 

We  came  in  possession  of  the  farm  while  my  hus¬ 
band  was  working  in  a  dry  goods  store  in  the  town 
a  few  miles  away.  There  was  little  on  it  in  the  way 
of  buildings  to  appeal  to  anyone,  but  he  was  wise 
enough  to  see  the  natural  advantages  it  possessed, 
most  of  the  land  being  fertile,  though  rather  rough. 
Besides,  there  was  a  never-failing  stream  of  water 
running  diagonally  across  it,  and  two  or  three  springs. 
The  only  buildings  were  a  dwelling,  a  log  stable  and  a 
corn  pen  made  of  fence  rails.  The  land  had  been 
mortgaged  when  the  house  was  built,  so  the  owner 
was  glad  to  exchange  it  for  a  smaller  piece  of  unen¬ 
cumbered  land. 

The  first  few  years  were  spent  in  clearing  mors 
land,  repairing  fences  and  grading  up  the  live  stock. 
There  were  now  three  healthy  growing  boys  in  our 
family,  so  the  matter  of  more  room  and  better  accom¬ 
modations  began  to  occupy  our  minds.  In  the  Autumn 
of  1903  we  began  preparations  for  putting  up  a  frame 
dwelling  the  next  Spring,  by  getting  out 
the  foundation  stone.  In  prying  up  some 
rocks  that  were  jutting  out  of  a  hillside 
in  the  cornfield,  we  found  them  to  be 
a  good  quality  of  white  sandstone.  In 
our  book  of  designs  was  a  house  which 
always  appealed  to  me  as  being  both 
beautiful  and  substantial.  It  was  part 
stone  and  part  frame.  When,  later,  a 
stonemason  who  lived  nearby,  came  past 
and  pronounced  it  an  exceptional  quality 
of  building  stone,  our  plans  began  to 
take  form.  So  when  the  crop  was  gath¬ 
ered,  my  husband  went  heartily  to  work 
getting  out  stone  for  our  house.  Per¬ 
haps  it  was  best  he  did  not  understand 
the  size  of  the  task  he  had  under¬ 
taken. 

When  the  Spring  of  1904  came  there 
were  many  things  to  be  though  of  be¬ 
sides  the  house.  We  must  plant  as  large 
a  crop  as  we  could,  and  look  carefully 
after  the  growing  stock,  for  upon  these 
we  must  depend  for  our  financial  aid. 
But  the  boys  were  then  large  enough  to 
lend  a  hand  with  the  work,  so  after  the 
crop  was  well  started  and  about  50  loads 
of  stone  hauled,  the  building  began. 
Four  rooms  and  two  porches  was  the 
ground  plan,  with  chimney  in  center, 
arranged  to  carry  all  flues.  The  build¬ 
ing  went  on  by  spells  as  farm  work 
permitted,  through  that  Summer,  but 
when  Autumn  came  and  the  children 
must  start  to  school,  our  supply  of 
stone  on  hand  was  exhausted  and  wall 
up  only  to  the  windows.  I  think  the 
window  sills  were  all  laid.  The  quarry 
had  been  turning  out  an  abundance  of 
stone,  beautifully  white,  so  that  Winter 
again  was  spent  as  the  one  before,  in 
getting  ready  for  the  next  Summer’s 
campaign,  which  we  began  with  renewed 
vigor,  for  we  wanted  to  live  in  that 
house  the  coming  Winter.  But  fate 
seemed  to  order  otherwise.  The  wall 
went  up  true  and  strong,  each  stone 
having  careful  supervision,  until  it  was 
complete.  It  was  12  feet  high  all  round. 
We  were  very  proud  when  the  heavy 
scaffolding  was  torn  away  and  we  could 
look  on  its  glittering  whiteness. 

The  owner  of  a  sawmill  had  been  en¬ 
gaged  to  move  his  mill  on  the  farm  and 
saw  out  the  heavy  timbers.  His  time  for  comir.g 
was  three  weeks  ahead,  and  all  through  that  Winter 
we  coaxed  and  begged  him  to  come,  but  in  vain.  That 
Winter  spent  in  waiting  was  the  hardest  task  we  had, 
I  believe,  but  Spring  again  brought  better  times,  and 
the  timbers  were  at  last  sawed,  carpenters  put  the  roof 
on  and  that  Autumn  we  moved  in  feeling  that  we  had 
won  a  victory.  The  house  was  our  own  and  more 
highly  prized  because  of  the  long  struggle  we  had  to 
win  it.  Ours  is  the  first  of  the  kind  in  this  part  of 
the  State,  but  as  there  is  an  abundance  of  stone  and 
timber  growing  more  scarce,  there  will  likely  be  others 
built  in  the  future.  mrs.  w.  l.  chambers. 

Texas  Co.,  Mo. 

R.  N.-Y. — This  Ozark  home  reminds  us  of  the 
Dutch  farmhouses  in  northern  New  Jersey,  built  of 
brownstone,  usually  quarried  on  the  farm  itself.  All 
the  family  took  a  hand  in  the  building,  and  many  of 
these  houses  show  hand-wrought  woodwork  in  the 
inside  finishing  that  excites  the  envy  of  modern  archi¬ 
tects  and  builders.  The  simplicity  of  outline  shown 
in  Fig.  479  suggests  the  abiding  beauty  of  these  Colon¬ 
ial  houses,  which  never  go  out  of  fashion. 


“THE  HOUSE  IN  THE  OZARKS.’’  Fig.  479. 


THE  PROPER  KIND  OF  YOUNG  STOCK.  Fig.  480. 


1172 


THE  RTJRAL>  NEW-YORKER 


December  9, 


NEWS  FROM  ALBANY. 

The  Socialist  Member. — For  the  first 
time  in  its  history  the  Assembly  will  have  a 
representative  of  the  Socialist  party.  He 
is  Herbert  M.  Merrill,  of  Schenectady,  and 
succeeds  John  C.  Myers,  a  Democratic  farm¬ 
er,  but  who  was  not  a  candidate  for  re-elec¬ 
tion.  It  is  interesting  to  know  that  Mr. 
Merrill,  now  an  armature  winder  in  the  em¬ 
ploy  of  the  General  Electric  Co.  was  raised 
a  farmer  and  is  at  this  moment  a  member 
of  Plymouth  (N.  II.)  Grange.  The  new 
member  is  just  about  as  typical  an  Amer¬ 
ican  as  can  be  anywhere  found.  He  was 
born  at  Compton,  N.  H.,  September  13,  1871, 
of  Turitan  ancestry,  his  paternal  ancestor 
having  landed  in  Newbury,  Mass.,  in  1635, 
and  his  maternal  ancestor  reached  the 
shores  of  New  England  in  1632.  Mr.  Mer¬ 
rill  never  voted  either  a  Republican  or 
Democratic  ticket,  his  first  ballot  being 
cast  for  the  Populist  candidate  for  Presi¬ 
dent.  Mr.  Merrill  will  be  a  free-lance  in 
the  Assembly  at  the  coming  session,  and 
while  he  will  endeavor  to  advance  the  in¬ 
terests  of  the  working  classes  in  every  way 
possible,  he  will  be  found  steadily  upon  the 
right  side  of  all  legislation  offered  in  the 
interest  of  the  agriculturist.  When  told 
the  history  of  the  Collin  bills  at  the  last 
session  he  expressed  his  indignation  at  the 
treatment  accorded  them,  stating  that  he 
was  fully  cognizant  of  the  wrongs  the  farm¬ 
ers  suffered  at  the  hands  of  the  commission 
men.  Mr.  Merrill's  plurality  was  316  votes 
above  his  Republican  and  Democratic  com¬ 
petitors. 

The  New  Boxing  Law. — There  is  no 
doubt  but  that  Governor  Dix  will  seek  to 
have  the  Frawley  boxing  law  repeated  at 
the  forthcoming  session.  It  was  a  great 
mistake,  in  the  first  instance,  to  place  such 
a  law  upon  the  statute  books,  and  the  Gov¬ 
ernor  was  evidently  grossly  misled  and  de¬ 
ceived  to  secure  his  approval  of  the  bill, 
lie  believed  that  the  boxing  game  in  this 
State  needed  regulation  and  control  and 
trusted  that  the  Frawley  bill  would  rem¬ 
edy  the  abuses  to  which  the  sport  was  sub¬ 
jected.  But  the  law,  instead  of  legalizing 
amateur  boxing,  seems  to  actually  condone 
prize  fighting  and  has  been  taken  advantage 
of  by  promoters  of  the  lowest  class  as  a 
means  of  personal  profit. 

State  Excise  Receipts. — State  Commis¬ 
sioner  of  Excise  W.  W.  Farley  has  completed 
the  returns  of  receipts  from  the  renewals 
of  licenses  for  the  sale  of  intoxicants.  Oc¬ 
tober  is  the  month  in  which  all  renewals 
must  be  made,  and  Commissioner  Farley  re¬ 
ports  that  the  vast  sum  of  §17,184.560.64 
came  from  this  source.  Compared  with  the 
receipts  of  October,  1910,  there  is  a  de¬ 
crease  of  $218,854,  or  .0128  per  cent. — 303 
fewer  licensed  places  this  year  than  last. 
The  “agriculture”  counties — 53  in  number — 
paid  the  tidy  sum  of  $3,028,180  for  the 
privilege  of  retailing  drinks  to  the  thirsty 
agriculturists  (?),  while  counties  of  Albany, 
Erie,  Kings,  Monroe,  New  York,  Onondaga, 
Queens  and  Westchester,  all  having  large 
urban  populations,  made  up  the  balance  of 
$14,156,380.  The  State’s  share  was  one-half 
of  the  gross  amount  collected,  and  the 
friends  of  the  liquor  traffic  are  always  loudly 
proclaiming  that  this  amount  is  largely 
spent  for  educating  our  children. 

Bee  Tree  Law. — A  resident  of  Orleans 
County  recently  addressed  the  State  Con¬ 
servation  Commission  asking  information  as 
to  the  “facts  of  this  so-called  bee  tree  law- 
in  regard  to  cutting  trees  and  taking  honey 
on  property  of  other  people  without  their 
consent,”  and  also  stated  he  could  find 
nothing  in  the  game  law  pamphlet  concern¬ 
ing  it.  The  attorney  of  the  Commission 
answered,  “You  are  right,  as  bees  have  never 
been  considered  ‘game’  by  the  Legislature 
and  as  no  license  is  required  to  hunt  them, 
tlie  game  laws  are  naturally  silent  on  the 
subject.  However,  if  you  find  a  ‘bee  tree’ 
upon  the  lands  of  your  neighbor  you  must 
be  careful  to  get  his  consent  before  cutting 
down  the  tree  and  removing  either  the 
honey  or  the  bees.  Otherwise,  you  might 
get  ‘stung’  in  an  action  for  trespass.  Of 
course,  if  the  bees  belong  to  you  and  swarm 
from  your  hives  and  you  can  identify  them 
in  the  trees  of  your  neighbor,  they  do  not 
belong  to  him  but  to  you,  who  had  the 
former  possession ;  but  the  decisions  are 
silent  as  to  how  far  you  could  go  in  damag¬ 
ing  his  property  iu  order  to  reclaim  the 
bees.” 

The  Next  Assembly. — From  the  returns 
already  received,  which  are  nearly  complete, 
it  appears  that  the  agricultural  interests  of 
the  State  will  be  represented  by  but  12 
farmers  in  the  Assembly  of  1912.  as  against 
13  in  the  present  body.  It  is  well  to  note, 
however,  that  of  these  12,  two  are  million¬ 
aires  as  well  as  farmers,  and  that  strictly 
agricultural  problems  do  not  press  so  closely 
upon  them  as  upon  the  average  tiller  of  the 
soil.  The  farmers  elected  are  Walter  A. 
Sbepardson.  R.,  of  Chenango ;  Theodore  D. 
Robinson,  R.  (Col.  Roosevelt's  nephew),  of 
Herkimer;  Jared  W.  Hopkins,  R„  of  Mon¬ 
roe  ;  Thomas  B.  Wilson,  R.,  of  Ontario ; 
Frank  A.  Waters,  R.,  of  Orleans ;  Frank  L. 
Seaker,  R.,  of  St.  Lawrence ;  Samuel  C.  War¬ 
ing,  R.,  of  Second  District,  Ulster ;  Henry 
E.  H.  Brereton,  R.,  of  Warren ;  James  S. 
Parker,  R.,  of  Washington ;  Albert  Yeo¬ 
mans,  R.,  of  Wayne ;  Edward  C.  Gillett.  R., 
of  Yates;  Henry  E.  Machold,  R.,  of  Jeffer¬ 
son.  Last  session  there  were  58  lawyers 
and  one  law  student  in  the  Assembly ;  next 
session  will  see  the  same  number  of  lawyers 
and  two  law  students  in  that  body — a  gain 
of  one  for  the  law.  One  clergyman  will 
sit  as  member,  Rev.  Julius  Lincoln,  of  Chau¬ 
tauqua  ;  but  he  was  here  last  session.  There 
will  be  but  two  editors  this  coming  Winter 
where  there  were  four  in  the  past.  The 
medical  fraternity  gains  one  member,  but 
the  druggists  lose  a  like  number.  Real 
estate  and  insurance  will  have  16  men  dur¬ 
ing  1912,  where  there  were  17  in  1911. 
And  the  same  switchman,  Jackson,  is  re¬ 
turned  from  Erie  County;  it  is  getting  to 
be  a  habit  with  him,  for  1912  will  be  his 
fifth  session.  There  will  be  a  printer,  a 
piano  maker,  a  cigar-maker,  a  dozen  mer¬ 
chants,  a  plumber,  several  “managers”  (of 
what?),  a  hatter,  a  coal  dealer  and  a 
butcher ;  several  contractors,  but  the  law¬ 
yers  exceed  all  other  trades  and  profes¬ 
sions. 

Gathering  Fish  Eggs. — The  season  for 
gathering  fish  eggs  at  the  hatcheries  of  the 
State  usually  ends  with  the  first  week  of 
December.  The  weather  conditions  during 
November,  which  is  the  season  for  the  gath¬ 
ering,  were  not  at  all  favorable,  still  the 


results  were  not  so  bad  and  it  is  estimated 
that  a  total  of  12,000.000  eggs  of  brook 
trout,  whitefish,  frost  fish  and  lake  trout 
has  been  secured  and  that  these  will  insure 
the  people  of  the  State  a  large  increase  of 
the  supply  for  restocking  the  public  waters 
of  New  York. 

Election  Expenses. — Political  organiza¬ 
tions,  under  the  law.  must  file  with  the  Sec¬ 
retary  of  State  detailed  statements  of  their 
receipts  and  disbursements,  and  such  state¬ 
ments  were  received  at  the  capitol  up  to 
Thanksgiving  Day.  The  total  of  these  re¬ 
ceipts  and  expenditures  is  something  enor¬ 
mous,  and  it  is  very  doubtful  if  all  the 
funds  used  on  election  day  are  reported. 
The  Republican  State  Committee  reported 
receipts  of  $116, 0S0  and  disbursements  of 
$110,698,  and  beside  this  the  committee  has 
liabilities  of  $44,010.  The  Democratic  State 
Committee  spent  $31,019  and  had  a  bal¬ 
ance  over  of  $4,334.  The  New  York  Dem¬ 
ocratic  County  Committee  spent  $78,000, 
while  the  Republican  New  York  County 
Committee  used  $50,000  less  than  that  sum. 
The  Socialist  party  expended  in  Schenectady 
County  the  sum  of  $1,042,  and  was  suc¬ 
cessful  at  that.  It  has  been  estimated  that 
for  every  one  of  the  votes  cast  by  Demo¬ 
crats  and  Fusionist  in  New  York  City  42 
cents  was  expended,  and  this  outside  of  the 
personal  disbursements  of  candidates. 

The  Tramp  Problem. — Superintendent 
Brace,  of  the  Children’s  Aid  Society,  says 
that  poverty  has  increased  in  New  York 
in  the  last  year.  He  says :  “The  older 
boys  offer  the  most  serious  problem,  since 
many  of  them  are  on  the  verge  of  vagrancy. 
*  *  *  During  the  year  8,125  homeless 

boys  sought  shelter  in  our  working  boys' 
homes,  the  largest  number  in  many  years.” 
The  cities  are  the  places  where  the  forces 
of  trampdom  are  recruited,  and  New  Y'ork 
State  has  none  too  soon  decided  to  pay 
more  attention  to  the  tramp  problem.  Coun¬ 
ty  jails  and  village  lockups  have  been  proven 
entirely  powerless  to  correct  in  any  measure 
the  flowing  on  and  on  of  the  tide  of  these 
homeless  ones,  but  now  it  would  appear 
that  an  effort  in  the  right  direction  is  to 
be  attempted.  Secretary  Hibbard,  of  the 
State  Board  of  Charities,  and  a  few  other 
prominent  men  at  the  last  session  of  the 
legislature  secured  the  enactment  of  a  law 
organizing  a  State  farm  and  industrial 
colony  for  tramps  and  vagrants,  to  be  lo¬ 
cated  upon  some  of  theState’s  vacant  lands, 
if  possible,  where  may  be  put  in  operation 
plans  designed  to  assist  the  temporarily  de¬ 
pendent  and  discouraged  man,  and  at  the 
same  time  to  take  vigorous  hold  of  the 
professional  tramp  and  compel  him  to  “earn 
his  board  and  keep,”  in  place  of  wandering 
about  the  country  during  the  sunny  months, 
scaring  farmers’  wives  and  daughters,  and 
panhandling  in  the  cities  during  the  Win¬ 
ter.  Governor  Dix  has  just  announced  the 
names  of  the  men  he  has  selected  as  man¬ 
agers  of  the  new  institution.  They  are : 
Samuel  Untermyer,  Charities  Commissioner 
M.  J.  Drummond.  John  G.  O'Keefe  and  Or¬ 
lando  Lewis  of  New  York  City ;  George  F. 
Warren,  of  Cornell  University.  Frederick 
Almy  of  Buffalo  and  Joseph  Beal  of  Oneida. 

C. 


THERE  IS 


Fth 

absolutely 
no  word  to  express 
the  efficacy  of 

Scott’s 
Emulsion 

in  the  treatment 
- of  - - 

COUGHS,  COLDS 
BRONCHITIS 
CATARRH,  GRIPPE 

AND 

RHEUMATISM 


ALL  DRUGGISTS 


11-51 


A  VALUABLE 
FRUIT  BOOK  FREE 

Wo  have  been  growing  fruit  for  thirty 
years,  and  while  we  don’t 
know  it  all,  we  have 
learned  a  good  many  things. 

These  things  we  have 
boiled  down  for  you  in  our 
free  Booklet.  You  can  get 
our  thirty  years’  experience 
in  twenty  minutes  and  get 
it  much  cheaper  and  quicker 
than  we  got  it. 

This  booklet  also  describes  our  reliable,  test¬ 
ed  fruit  trees  and  plants — the  best  and  safest 
money  can  buy.  Write  for  a.  copy  today . 

BARNES  BROS.  NURSERY  CO. 
Box  8,  YalesrOle,  Conn. 


“Howto  Growand  Market  Fruit” 

TeHs  the  Whole  Story  in  One  Volume ;  gives  Lifetime  Exper- 
ence  of  Practical  Growers.  2,000  Acres  in  Nursery  Stock. 
Large  Stock  of  Peach  and  Apple  Trees, 

Write  for  catalog  and  how  to  get  the  book  free. 

HARRISON  NURSERIES,  Berlin,  M d. 


JUST  NOW — 

While  you  have  the  time,  and  while  the 
Nurseries  have  a  full  stock  to  select  from, 
order  your  Fruit  Trees  for  Spring  ship¬ 
ment.  By  so  doing  your  orders  are 
placed  among  the  first  shipments  and 
you  get  your  stock  in  good  season.  Call’s 
Nurseries,  Perry,  Ohio,  have  a  large 
stock  of  extra  fine  trees  on  hand.  They 
make  a  specialty  of  dealing  direct  with 
their  customers,  and  they  enjoy  the  well- 
earned  reputation  of  sending  their  cus¬ 
tomers  as  fine  stock  as  can  be  grown. 

Write  them  for  price  list. 


FRUIT  TREES 

We  are  ready  to  take  orders  for 
FALL  DELIVERY  for 

BLACK’S  QUALITY  TREES 

Send  for  Booklet 

JOS.  H.  BLACK,  SON  &  CO..  HIGIITSTOWN,  N.  J. 


BlUAtVHISKKY  PLANTS' 

Any  quantity  ;  120  acres,  103  vari¬ 
eties.  Also  fulIIineothersmaU  fruit 
p  1  a  n  1 8  a  n  d  sh  rubbery-  Lowest 
prices  for  quality  stock,  true  to 
name.  Write  today  for  FREE  cata¬ 
log  W.  I’.  ALLEN, 

72  Market  Street,  Salisbury,  Md. 


Peach  and  Apple  Trees 

For  fall  or  spring  planting,  i’rices  right;  stock 
right.  MYEK  &  SON,  Jiridgeville,  Delaware 


PEKS1MIION  TREES,  fruited  this  year,  $1  each  ;  ono  such  and 
two  Olliers,  $2.  WALNAPPL  FARM,  Elm  Grove,  W.  Va, 


EVERY  fruit  grower, 
gardener  and  farmer  I 
needs  a  small  depend-  ' 
able  spraying  outfit. 
Tlie  Iron  Age  Barrel  | 
Sprayer  is  mounted  on 
skids— easily  moved,  no  I 
danger  of  upsetting — 
high  pressure,  perfect 
agitation,  easy  to  oper¬ 
ate,  pump  outside, 
hemp  packing,  bronze  I 
ball  valves — no  corro-  ] 
sion.  Hand  lever  oper¬ 
ates  pump  and  dasher  I 
at  same  time.  Sold  in 
several  combinations. 
Surprisingly  low  prices,  i 
If  you  want  to  save 
time  and  labor,  also  | 
make  money,  send  for 
free  booklets  describ- 
our  complete  line 


nig  our  complete  line 
of  orchard,  field  and  garden  tools.  Backed  by 
?<>  years’  experience.  Write  a  postal  today. 

I- BATEMAN  M’F'R  CO..  Box  102-H,  GRENLOCH,  N.  J. 


MATERIAL 


HARD 


PLUMBING 


«  A  g  rn  IW  Don’t  Buy  One  Penny’s  Worth 

yV  Ml  I  ■  of  Building  Materials  or 

■  ■  House  Furnishings  Till  You  Hear  From  Us! 


Twenty-one  big  manufacturers,  who  are  short  of  cash, 
have  commissioned  us  to  sell  their  surplus  stocks  for  them. 
They  are  so  anxious  to  get  their  money  that  they  don’t 
want  any  profit  at  all. 

If  they  can  get  out  even  they  will  be  satisfied. 

So  we  put  these  goods  on  sale  at  exactly  what  it  cost 
the  maker  to  produce  them.  This  merchandise  includes 


almost  everything  imaginable  in  building  materials  and 

things  to  fit  up  the  home.  Now,  here  is  the  chance  of  a  life¬ 
time  for  you  to  buy  Building  Materials  and  Home  Furnish¬ 
ings.  Such  bargains  as  these  may  never  be  offered  again. 

We  urge  you  to  consult  us  at  once  and  not  to  do  any  build¬ 
ing  or  repairing  or  furnishing  till  you  have  gotten  our  big 
free  Bargain  List.  WRITE  US  TODAY. 


Gigantic  Manufacturers'  Sale— Over  $ 500,000 
Worth  of  Merchandise  at  Less  Than  Half  Price 


Think  of  the  huge  saving  we  make  you.  No  manu¬ 
facturer’s  profit  to  pay.  No  jobber’s  profit  to  pay.  No 
jobber’s  expenses.  No  wholesaler’s  profit  or  expenses 
to  pay— no  dealer’s  profit  or  expenses  to  pay.  You  pay 
only  the  bare  cost  (to  the  manufacturer)  of  materials 
and  labor.  You  pay  less  than  one-half  the  dealer’s  price. 
Some  of  these  goods  we  sell  as  low  as  30c  on  the  dollar. 

All  Brand  New  Goods 

The  Roods  are  all  new,  fresh,  first-class  merchan¬ 
dise — not  one  dollar’s  worth  of  "seconds,”  or  Sheriff’s 
Sale  Rubbish,  or  Receiver’s  Sale  Stuff,  or  Wreckage 
Junk.  And  it’s  a  whole  lot  better  merchandise  than 
most  retail  dealers  sell.  W e  guarantee  not  only  the  high 
Quality  of  these  goods,  but  prompt,  safe  delivery  or 
your  money  back  quick. 

More  Than  2,000  Bargains 

Imagine  a  gigantic  sale  of  over  two  thousand  spe¬ 
cial  bargains,  which  covers:  Lumber  of  all  kinds.  Mill- 
work,  Doors,  Windows,  Balusters,  Wall  Board,  Paint 
and  Paint  Brushes,  Roofing— Tarred,  Rubber  and  Cor- 
gated  Steel— Steel  Brick  Siding,  Pipes  and  Fittings, 
Boilers,  Radiators,  Hardware  Supplies,  Stoves, 
Ranges,  Heaters,  Furniture,  Chairs,  Desks,  Dressers, 
Couches.  Beds,  etc..  Rugs,  Curtains,  Washing  Ma¬ 
chines,  Plumbing  Outfits  —  in  short,  everything  to 
build  a  home  and  furnish  it  comfortably. 

Prices  Literally  Slaughtered 

Here  are  a  few  samples  of  the  2,000  bargains 
offered  at  this  big  sale:  Famous  Buffalo  House  Paint, 
$1.06  per  gallon;  Famous  Buffalo  Bam  Paint,  78c  per 
gallon;  Rubber  Roofing,  remnants.  63c  per  square; 


Complete  $1 A25 
Bed  Outfit  III— 

How’s  this?  A  benutiful  en- 
umeled  iron  bed,  fine  cotton 
top  mattress  and  woven  wire 
springs,  ell  for  $10.25.  Head 
is  61H  inches  high,  foot  41}£ 
inches,  post  1 1-16  inches  in 
diameter.  Sizes,  4  feet  6 
inches  or  4  feet  3  inches. 
Guaranteed  mattress  and 
springs.  All  for  $10.25.  This 
bed  has  brass  tilling  in  head 
and  foot.  Less  than  100  of 
this  particular  style  and  price 
left,  so  if  you  want  to  get  in 
on  this  great  burgain,  better 

Write  at 
Once! 


It’s  FREE— Do  It  NOW! 

Send  name  on  postal 
for  list  of  2,000  articles 
—  pictured,  described 
and  priced.  Better  do 
it  now,  for  all  of  these 
goods  are  so  excellent 
and  prices  so  low  that 
many  lines  will  be 
completely  wiped  out 
in  a  jiffy.  Remember, 
Quality  and  safe  de¬ 
livery  are  guaranteed  on  every  order.  Write  us,  and 
don’t  order  any  building  or  plan  any  home  furnishing 
until  our  Big  2,000  Bargain  List  is  in  your  hands. 
You  can  well  afford  to  wait  a  few  days  and  save  from 
55c  to  70c  on  every  dollar’s  worth  of  merchandise  you 
need.  Our  address  is  (3) 


Buffalo  Improved  Wall  BoaVd,  $2.32  per  100  feet;  Two 
Light  Gas  Fixture,  made  of  Brass  Tubing,  98c;  4/4-foot 
Bath  Tub,  complete  to  the  floor  with  Nickel  Plated  Fit¬ 
tings,  $17.00;  Heavy  Bench  Vise,  made  of  Heavy  Cast 
Iron,  $2.98;  Roll  Top  Desk,  36  inches  long,  30  inches 
deep,  43  inches  high,  $11.75;  Base  Burners,  with  Nickel 
Plated  Trimmings,  $24.75;  Gas  Heaters,  will  heat  4,500 
cubic  feet  in  zero  weather,  $4.98;  Solid  Osk  Round  Din¬ 
ing  Table,  6  feet  x  42  inches,  with  8-inch  Pedestal,  $7.75; 
Dresser,  made  of  Solid  Oak,  size  of  base  19x36,  with 
French  Bevel  Mirror  12x20,  $5.25;  Buffalo  Leather 
Turkish  Rocker,  41  inches  high,  beautifully  tufted,  $7.75; 
Buffalo  Roller  Bearer  Washer,  $5_35.  Milkaock  and 
Lumber,  45c  on  the  dollar. 


Write  for  Big 
Bargain  List! 


House  Paint, 

Genuine  Buffalo, 

Ready  Mixed,  Guar, 
anteod  House  Paint,  only  $1.06 

§er  gallon  in  5-gailou  canal 
egular  price,  $2.25  per  gallon. 
Buffulo  House  Paint  is  guaran¬ 
teed  to  cover  more  square  feet, 
surface  for  surface,  per  gallon 
than  any  other.  Does  not  flake 
or  crack.  Wears  like  iron,  pre¬ 
serves  buildings 

and  makes  them  pitat - 1 — -«L 

look  most  at-  - 

tractive.  "  I 
Barn  Paint,  78c  ^ 

Best  Ready- 
Mixed  Burn 
Paint  only  78c 
per  gallon  while 
it  lasts.  Selling 
fast.  Write  today. 


BUFFALO! 
READY  i 
MIXED 

paint! 


ITH E  MANUFACTURERS^OUTLETCO^O^ALGO^VENUE^UFFALO^Y. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKES 


1173 


Money -Making 
Crops — instead 

of  STUMPS 


THERE  is  no  profit  in  raising  stumps — 
unless  you  raise  them  out  of  the  ground 
altogether.  It  doesn’t  pay  to  keep  on  paying 
taxes  on  stumpy  land,  year  after  year,  with¬ 
out  getting  a  single  penny’s  profit  back 
from  it.  Thousands  of  farmers  have  realized 
this  already  and  have  pulled  out  the  stumps 
with  the  Hercules  All-Steel,  Triple  Power 
Stump  Puller.  It  is  guaranteed  to  pull  up 
any  green  tree,  stump  or  hedge  you  hitch  it  to— and  we  will  replace  any  broken 
castings  any  time  within  three  year9,  whether  the  fault  is  yours  or  the  machine’s. 
You  can  pull  an  acre  of  stumps  a  day  in  Jyour  spare  time  and  then  pull  stumps  for 
your  neighbors  on  contract  jobs  or  rent  the  stump  puller. 

Hercules  Stump  Puller 

All-Steel— Triple  Power— 30  Days 9  Free  Trial 
3 -Year  Guarantee — Special  Price  Proposition  Now 


Cutting  Scions  from  Apple  Trees- 

R.  B.  T.y  Ednor,  Md. — Will  you  tell  me 
whether  it  injures  apples  trees  to  cut 
scions  from  them’  How  much  would  it 
hurt  bearing  trees  of  13  years  to  cut,  say 
300  scions  a  year  from  them? 

Ans. — This  is  a  practical  question 
that  cannot  be  determined  by  rule.  It 
will  not  hurt  any  apple  tree  to  cut  seions 
from  it,  but  if  they  are  taken  out  of 
the  head  of  the  branches,  that  are  de¬ 
veloping  the  new  growth  of  the  tree,  it 
will  just  put  them  back  so  much.  The 
tree  will  have  to  make  that  growth  over 
again.  On  a  large  apple  tree,  300  scions 
taken  from  branches  where  they  are  a 
little  thick,  would  hardly  be  noticed, 
and  in  fact  it  might  be  beneficial.  An 
experienced  orchardist  would  pick  limbs 
here  and  there  on  the  tree  where  a 
little  thinning  out  would  be  good,  and 
cut  the  scions  off  them  rather  than  cut 
from  branches  that  he  would  like  to  de¬ 
velop  as  much  as  possible.  Everybody 
understands,  of  course,  that  scions  used 
for  root-grafting  are  cut  from  last  sea¬ 
son’s  growth  of  wood,  whether  the  tree 
is  young  or  old.  Anything  else  would 
not  do.  It  is  a  hard  matter  to  find  300 
desirable  scions  on  some  apple  trees. 
Oftentimes  the  season’s  growth  is  so 
poor  that  they  could  not  be  used  at  all. 

Nurserymen,  as  a  general  rule,  cut 
their  scions  from  the  young  two-year- 
old  apple  trees  in  their  nurseries.  The 
limbs  that  are  not  necessary  to  make  a 
good  head  on  the  trees  are  taken  for 
that  purpose,  and  they  make  splendid 
material  for  making  up  grafts.  There 
is  considerable  agitation  going  on 
against  this  practice,  the  claim  being 
made  that  scions  from  bearing  orchards 
are  to  be  preferred,  but  there  are  ab¬ 
solutely  no  data  at  hand  to  support  such 
a  contention.  Some  nurserymen  adver¬ 
tise  their  trees  as  budded  from  bearing 
orchards,  and  never  do  so.  The  trees 
in  the  finest  orchards  in  the  country 
were  budded  or  grafted  from  young, 
thrifty  scions  taken  from  two-year-old 
trees  in  the  nursery,  and  there  have 
been  no  experiments  made  to  determine 
the  value  of  scions  from  bearing  or¬ 
chards  as  compared  to  the  ones  cut 
from  two-year-old  stock.  m.  K. 

Keeping  Sweet  Potatoes. 

P.  P.,  Oldtown,  Md. — How  can  I  keep 
sweet  potatoes  until  next  Spring  for  seed, 
so  to  raise  plants  from  them  ?  With  us 
they  generally  root  along  in  Winter. 

Ans. — Down  here  in  Wicomico  Co., 
Md.,  we  can  keep  sweet  potatoes  very 
well  in  heaps  placed  on  a  thick  layer  of 
pine  leaves,  putting  about  25  bushels  in 
a  heap,  and  covering  with  pine  leaves  a 
foot  thick.  Then  a  rough  board  shelter 
is  put  over  the  heaps  and  they  are  let 
stand  a  while  to  dry  off  from  the  sweat 
they  go  through,  and  are  then  covered 
thickly  with  earth.  The  shelter  is  im¬ 
portant,  as  the  dry  earth  keeps  out  cold 
better  than  wet.  I  have  kept  them  here 
in  this  way  till  June.  But  I  hardly 
think  that  they  _  can  be  kept  in  Alle¬ 
gany  Co.,  Md.,  in  this  way,  for  down 
here  we  never  have  any  near  zero 
weather,  while  you  do  always  have  it. 
Our  large  growers  here  are  all  pro¬ 
vided  with  curing  houses  for  the  pota¬ 
toes.  These  are  furnished  with  heating 
furnace  and  flue,  and  after  the  potatoes 
are  stored  they  run  the  temperature  up 
to  90  degrees  till  the  potatoes  are  dried 
off  from  the  sweat.  After  that  there 
is  little  need  for  fire  heat  in  houses 
made  with  frost-proof  walls,  for  the 
proper  temperature  then  should  not  be 
above  50  degrees.  You  hardly  grow 
sweet  potatoes  on  a  very  large  scale  in 
Allegany  County,  and  a  family  supply  I 
would  suppose  could  be  kept  very  well 
with  each  potato  wrapped  in  paper  and 
packed  in  crates  or  baskets  in  a  frost¬ 
proof  cellar.  In  the  old  days  of  my 
childhood,  when  the  cooking  was  done 
in  a  big  fireplace  in  the  kitchen  in  Vir¬ 
ginia,  it  was  a  common  practice  to  dig  a 
pit  under  and  in  front  of  the  kitchen 
fireplace.  A  trap  door  was  right  in 
front  of  the  fireplace,  and  in  this  pit  the 
family  supply  of  sweet  potatoes  was 
stored,  and  they  kept  till  potatoes  came 
again.  There  are  some  varieties  of 
sweet  potatoes  that  keep  better  than 
others.  The  Hayman,  also  known  as 
Southern  Queen,  keeps  more  easily 
than  any  other.  It  is  an  early  and  very 
productive  variety,  but  not  of  as  fine 
quality  as  some  others.  I  have  kept 
Hayman  safely  piled  in  an  ordinary 
cellar.  But  with  any  potato  the  great 
point  is  in  the  handling  in  digging. 
They  should  be  dug  in  dry  sunny 
weather  and  let  lie  along  the  rows  to 
sun  a  while,  and  never  thrown  in  heaps 
to  bruise.  Then  gather  them  up  in  crates 
or  baskets  and  handle  them  like  eggs. 
Rough  handling  will  make  potatoes 
liable  to  rot,  as  every  scratch  will  give 
the  germs  of  decay  a  chance.  I  have 
my  potatoes  in  a  dry  cellar  in  baskets 
and  boxes.  w.  f.  massey. 


Two  Fertilizer  Mixtures, 

F.  L.  R.,  Cambridge,  O. — On  page  890 
you  advise  a  formula  for  chemical  fertilizer 
of  100  pounds  each  of  nitrate  of  soda, 
dried  blood  and  sulphate  of  potash,  and 
300  pounds  of  acid  phosphate.  Will  you 
state  the  proportions  of  nitrogen,  potash 
and  phosphates  which  this  makes  avail¬ 
able?  Also  what  advantage  the  sulphate 
of  potash  will  give,  in  this  mixture,  over 
the  muriate?  What  is  your  opinion  as  to 
mixture  in  the  proportions  of  100  pounds 
muriate  of  potash,  100  pounds  raw  hone 
meal,  and  400  pounds  of  2-10-2  ready-mixed 
fertilizer,  to  he  used  at  the  rate  of  GOO 
pounds  per  acre,  in  seeding  down  grass  on 
high  clay  land,  not  strong,  after  plowing 
down  a  thin  run-out  meadow  ?  I  estimate 
that  this  last-mentioned  mixture  should  run 
about  2-11-9. ' 

Ans. — This  mixture  was  suggested 
for  garden  crops  where  plant  food  all 
available  was  wanted.  We  will  suppose 
the  dried  blood  to  be  a  good  sample 
with  12  per  cent  nitrogen  and  about 
three  of  phosphoric  acid.  Then  we  will 
have : 

Phos.  Pot- 
Nitrogen  acid  ash 


100  lbs.  nitrate  of  soda..  16 

100  lbs.  dried  blood .  12  3 

100  lbs.  sulphate  of  potash  50 

300  lbs.  acid  phosphate...  42 

Total  .  28  45  50 


This  means  an  analysis  of  a  little  less 
than  five  per  cent  nitrogen,  7/z  phos¬ 
phoric  acid  and  over  eight  of  potash. 
The  sulphate  is  superior  because  it  gives 
a  better  quality  to  fruits  and  vegetables. 

Regarding  the  other  mixture  you 
would  have  in  this : 

Phos.  Pot- 


100  lbs. 
100  lbs. 

muriate  potash 
bone  meal  . . . 

Nitrogen 

acid 

25 

ash 

50 

400  lbs. 

2-10-2  fertilizer 

.  8. 

40 

8 

Total 

...  n% 

65 

58 

This  means  a  little  under  two  per  cent 
nitrogen,  about  11  phosphoric  acid  and 
nearly  10  potash.  We  call  it  a  poor 
mixture  for  grass  seeding,  because 
there  is  but  little  nitrogen,  and  that  not 
very  available.  The  other  mixture  would 
be  far  better.  The  second  formula 
would  answer  for  clover  or  Alfalfa,  but 
for  grass  you  should  have  more  avail¬ 
able  nitrogen. 


Long  or  Short  Belt. 

.7.  J.  Trovill,  West  Virginia,  page  1117. 
asks  the  advantage,  if  any,  between  a 
short  and  long  belt  when  running  machin¬ 
ery,  and  which  is  better,  a  straight  or 
twisted  belt.  The  advantage  of  a  long  belt 
is  that  it  will  not  slip  nearly  as  easily  as 
a  short  one.  but  care  must  he  taken  that 
it  is  not  too  long,  as  its  weight  will  cause 
the  boxings  to  heat.  If  too  short  it  will 
have  to  be  tight  to  keep  from  slipping, 
and  if  too  tight  the  boxings  will  heat,  so 
to  make  them  work  “just  right”  they  must 
be  just  right.  Experience  is  a  good  teach¬ 
er.  The  only  advantage  of  a  twisted  belt 
is  to  turn  the  driven  pulley  in  the  right 
direction.  i.  w.  b. 

Illinois. 

Answering  the  question  of  “long  or  short 
belts”  on  page  1117.  a  reasonably  long 
belt  is  betfer  than  a  short  one,  because 
short  belts  must  be  tighter,  as  there  is 
little  or  no  sag  to  them,  when  the  load 
is  applied,  thereby  causing  more  wear  on 
the  bearings.  The  bottom  of  the  belt  should 
do  the  pulling,  as  then,  when  the  load  is 
applied,  the  top  will  sag  and  will  grip 
more  of  the  pulley.  When  the  pulleys  differ 
much  in  diameter  short  belts  are  very  ob¬ 
jectionable,  the  arc  of  contact  being  re¬ 
duced  so  much  that  a  ruinous  tension  must 
be  kept  on  the  belt  to  get  anything  like 
the  proper  power.  Sometimes  a  crossed 
belt  is  unavoidable,  but  it  no  doubt  causes 
some  wear,  due  to  the  rubbing,  where 
crossed.  Leather  belts  are  better  used  with 
the  hair  side  next  to  the  pulley,  giving  a 
better  grip,  and  are  also  more  flexible  and 
durable.  Use  endless  belts  whenever  pos¬ 
sible,  and  avoid  the  jars  on  the  bearings 
given  by  laced  belts  as  the  lacings  go  over 
the  pulleys.  .  t.  p. 

New  Jersey. 

J.  J.  Trovill  asks  the  advantage  of  long 
belts  over  short  ones  as  applied  to  ma¬ 
chinery.  It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  long 
belts  have  better  traction  or  adhesion  on 
the  faces  of  pulleys  than  short  belts.  The 
reason  is  very  evident,  as  one  will  notice 
that  the  longer  the  belt  the  more  it  will 
sag  between  the  pulleys,  which  gives  the 
belt  greater  circumferential  grip  on  the 
pulleys,  especially  so  where  the  lower  or 
under  side  of  the  belt  is  used  to  drive  the 
work,  called  the  pulling  side.  Except  in 
very  extreme  cases,  for  instance,  where  one 
pulley  is  directly  over  the  other,  where 
the  belt  would  run  in  a  perpendicular  posi¬ 
tion  :  in  that  case  there  would  be  a  limit  to 
the  length  of  the  belt,  as  the  longer  the 
belt  the  greater  is  the  chance  for  it  to  slip, 
which  will  be  most  noticeable  on  the  lower 
pulley.  In  regard  to  twisted  belts,  that  de¬ 
pends  on  the  purpose  for  which  they  are 
crossed;  a  half  turn  in  the  belt  is  generally 
done  to  change  the  running  direction  of  the 
driven  pulley.  If  he  means  more  than  a 
half  turn,  it  would  not  bo  good  policy  to 
do  so,  the  belt  having  greater  chances  of 
chafing  or  rubbing  together,  but  the  great¬ 
est  evil  to  contend  with  would  be  the 
stretching  of  edges  of  the  belts  when 
twisted,  causing  it  to  lose  a  great  percent¬ 
age  of  its  traction  power.  h.  p.  l. 

Connecticut. 


That’s  our  selling  plan  in  a  nutshell. 
We  want  you  to  own  a  Hercules  Stump 
Puller  and  we  are  making  the  proposition 
that  will  get  your  order  if  you  have  stumps 
in  your  fields.  Mail  a  postal  now  for  this 

’  Special  Price  Offer 

— a  price  that  is  astounding  thousands  of  men  who  are 
writing  in  to  us  now  for  this  very  same  offer.  We  have 
only  5,000  Hercules  Stump  Pullers  to  sell  at  this  remark¬ 
able  introductory  price,  so  send  the  postal  now.  Let  us 

Hercules  Manufacturing 


tell  you  about  the  double  safety  ratchets  that  insure  the 
safety  of  you  and  your  team  ;  let  us  tell  you  about  the 
careful  machining  and  turning  of  each  part  of  every 
Hercules. 

Write  Postal  Now 

Simply  your  name  and  address  on  a  postal  is  all  we 
want  to  send  you  our  book  and  proposition.  Study  it 
over  carefully  ;  then  decide  whether  or  not  you  are 
going  to  have  stumps  in  your  field — or  whether  you  are 
going  to  pull  them  out  now  quickly  with  the  Hercules. 
Address 

Co .  230 17th  SI.,  Centerville,  lows 


The  Merchant’s  First 

Is  “Ball-Band” 


FORTY-FIVE  THOUSAND  DEALERS  in  all 
parts  of  the  country  sell  “BALL-BAND”  Rubber 
and  Woolen  Footwear. 

Some  dealers  handle  other  brands,  too.  But 
“BALL-BAND”  is  always  FIRST  quality. 

This  of  itself  is  a  strong  recommendation  of 
“BALL-BAND”  to  you. 

But  stronger  yet  is  the  fact  that  more  than  eight 
illion  people  wear  “  B  ALL-BAND,"  and  wilt  not 
be  satisfied  with  anything  else. 

Many  of  these  millions  have  worn 
“BALL-BAND”  for  years.  Multitudes  are 
added  to  this  host  of  buyers  every  year. 

One  word  explains  the  continued 
demand  of  the  wearers  for 
•‘Ball-Band”  “BALL-BAND”— QUALITY. 

Arctic  People  don’t  come 

back  a  second  time 
for  an  article  that  disappoints 
them.  Eight  million  people 
are  not  de 
ceived. 
year 


BBSS 


'Wi' 


mm, 


*  ft 


1 


after 
w'  year  by 
goods  that 
lack  merit. 
All  rubber  foot¬ 
wear  looks  much  the 
same  to  the  purchaser. 
Only  an  expertcan  tell  the 
difference  in  quality.  We 
could  save  one  million  dollars 
a  year  in  the  manufac¬ 
ture  of  ‘  'BA  LL-BA  ND" 
by  inferior  compound  and 
inferior  workmanship.  But 
such  a  saving  would  not  build 
up  and  hold  a  patronage  of 
eight  million  people. 

Look  for  the  RED  BALL  sign 
when  you  go  to  buy  rubber  foot¬ 
wear.  Many  dealers  display  these 
signs  in  their  windows  or  store  fronts  for  the 
guidance  of  theconstantlyincreasingnumber 
who  are  asking  about  “BALL-BAND.” 
Whether  you  see  the  sign  or  not,  you  are 
ire  to  find  the  RED  BALL  trade-mark 
on  all  “BALL-BAND”  goods.  Insist  on 
ng  it.  It  is  your  protection. 

If  by  any  chance  your  dealer  can’t 
supply  you,  write  us,  mentioning  his 
name,  and  we  will  see  that  you 
are  fitted. 


‘Ball-Band” 
4-Buckle 
Arctic 


y/.m 


W;) 


— it 


Mishawaka  Woolen  Mfg.  Co. 

MISHAWAKA,  !ND. 

The  House  That  Pays  Millions  for  Quality’* 


‘‘Ball-Band” 
Coon  Tail 
Knit  Boot 


1  1  74 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


December  0. 


MAXWELL  MASCOTTE 

For  the  First  Time  in  the  History  of  Motor  Car  Manufacturing 
a  Real  Family  Touring  Car  is  Offered  for  Less  than  $1000. 


The  family  man  is  the  real 
back-bone  of  the  nation,  and  a 
car  suitable  for  him  must  be 
the  popular  car  of  the  year. 

In  the  Maxwell  Mascotte,  the 
leading  motor  car  builders  in 
America  have  supplied  just 
the  car  required  by  the  family 
man  and  at  a  reasonable  price. 

Many  makers  have  tried, 
some  have  offered  low  prices,  but  poor  design  and  ma¬ 
terial — but  this  is  the  first  time  that  a  real  family  car 
of  dignity,  character  and  reputation,  has  been  offered 
for  less  than  $1000. 

It  has  been  close  figuring,  but  great  purchasing 
power,  unequaled  manufacturing  facilities  and  quantity 
production  make  it  possible. 

The  aristocrat  of  moderate-priced  cars  is  the  well 
deserved  name  given  to  Maxwell  cars,  because  even 
at  comparatively  low  prices  they  wear  longest,  are  easy 
to  operate  and  maintain,  and  have  given  universal  sat¬ 
isfaction  to  47,000  owners. 

The  Mascotte  model  bristles  with  new  features, 
ail  of  which  add  to  the  comfort  and  satisfaction  of  the 
buyer. 

We  have  cars  ready  to  show  you  and  some  for  im¬ 
mediate  delivery.  Gall  and  see  them.  Ride  in  the 
Mascotte;  ask  our  competitors  what  they  think  of  it; 
talk  to  a  Maxwell  owner  and  then  compare  the  Max¬ 
well  with  any  other  car  selling  within  $200  of  its  price. 

Maxwell  leadership  in  touring  is  proven  by  its  ex¬ 
traordinary  victory  in  the  recent  Glidden  Tour,  when 
it  won  the  Glidden  Trophy  with  a  record  never  equaled 


— finishing  as  the  only  per¬ 
fect  score  team  among  64  of 
America’s  best  known  motor 
cars  after  a  gruelling  1454-mile 
journey  from  New  York  to 
Jacksonville.  Governor  Hoke 
Smith’s  personal  entry  of  a 
Maxwell  carrying  Georgia’s 
chief  executive  on  the  long 
trip,  won  the  Anderson  trophy 
with  a  perfect  score  —  all  stamping  Maxwell  as  the 
American  Touring  Champion  and  Maxwell  design 
and  construction  as  ideal  for  touring  purposes. 

Maxwell  cars  have  made  history  by  originating 
many  improvements. 

Maxwell  originated  three-point  suspension. 

Maxwell  originated  thermo-syphon  cooling. 

Maxwell  originated  multiple-disc  clutch. 

Maxwell  made  the  first  metal  body. 

Maxwell  cars  ran  10,000  miles  without  a  single  stop  ol 
the  motor. 

Maxwell  cars  are  indorsed  by  47,000  users,  including 
15,550  physicians. 

Maxwell  cars  had  768  registrations  in  New  York  State 
in  1905  and  1906  with  the  official  records  showing 
702  of  them  registered  again  this  year,  91  per  cent 
all  in  active  use. 

Maxwell  is  the  Touring  Champion — a  title  bestowed  by 
the  American  Automobile  Association,  when  it  won 
the  Glidden  Tour,  the  National  Touring  Contest. 


Free  Monthly  Inspection  Service. 


45  Branches  and  1800  Dealers — Everywhere. 


Maxwell  -  Briscoe  Motor  Company 

30  West  61st  Street,  at  Broadway  New  York  City 
Division  of  United  states  motor  (£mpany. 


Note  These  Features 

Motor — supplying:  full  25 
lip.  Body— ventilated  fore- 
door,  flush  sides.  Trans¬ 
mits  ion— sliding-grear. 
Ignition  —  dual  magneto 
and  batteries.  Wheel¬ 
base— 104  inches.  Clutch 
—  metal  mutiplc-disc. 
Springs —imported  Eng- 
lish  steel.  Brakes — double 
acting:  on  rear  wheels. 
German  steel  ball-bear¬ 
ing^.  Steering  (.ear  — 
irreversible  worm  gear. 
37 -inch  steering:  wheel. 
Tires— 112x3)4  inches,  Q.D. 
Finish— blue  black,  Mas¬ 
cotte  (fray  wheels,  white 
striping:.  Price— S030  f.o.b. 
factory,  top  extra.  With 
roadstcrbody,S950.  Equip¬ 
ment-magneto,  genera¬ 
tor,  two  gas  lamps,  three 
oil  lamps,  horn,  tool  kit, 
jack,  pump,  tire  repair  kit. 
tool-box,  foot  andj  robe 
rails. 


Other  1912  Models 

“Special”  Touring  Car,  $1280 
“Mercury”  Roadster,  $1150 
“Mascotte”  Roadster,  $950 
“Messenger”  Roadster,  $625 
“Messenger”  Runabout,  $600 


Every  Farmer  should  read 
these  books  —  they’re  FREE. 

“The  Story  of  the  Glidden  Tour” 

— interesting  and  thrilling ;  “  How 
to  Judge  an  Automobile.”  Ad¬ 
vance  1912  Maxwell  Catalogue. 

Send  a  postal — Just  say  “Send  Books.” 


101 1. 


THE  RUKAb  NEW-YORKER 


1176 


MORE  ABOUT  “UNIT”  ORCHARDS* 

P.  .1.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. — I  have  read  with 
interest  your  criticism  of  the  “unit”  or¬ 
chard  as  au  investment.  Will  you  not  con¬ 
tinue  the  discussion  and  state  why  you 
would  prefer  a  “unit”  in  a  developed  or¬ 
chard  to  one  undeveloped?  Would  not  the 
lesser  risk  he  offset  by  a  higher  price? 
Also,  do  not  modern  methods  of  planting, 
cultivating,  spraying  and  so  forth  give  the 
new  orchard  a  better  prospect  of  success 
than  the  old  one,  other  things  being  equal? 
Finally,  why  the  paying  out  of  one’s  “good” 
money  for  others  to  care  for  one’s  “unit” 
in  a  developed  orchard  is  any  safer  or  less 
speculative  than  in  an  undeveloped  one? 
I  am  convinced  that  your  motives  in  op¬ 
posing  this  movement  are  sound,  and  have 
great  conlidence  in  your  judgment,  and 
therefore  ask  these  questions. 

Ans. — In  the  developed  orchard  you 
can  see  the  bearing  trees  and  examine 
them,  see  the  fruit  and  know  whether 
it  is  sold  at  a  profit.  You  can  take  an 
expert  and  get  from  him  a  definite  idea 
of  values.  Your  income  starts  at  once, 
and  you  can  afford  to  handle  your  trees 
independently  if  you  wish  to.  That  is 
probably  what  you  buy  the  “unit”  for 
anyway.  On  the  other  hand,  when  you 
start  before  the  trees  are  planted  you 
take  half  a  dozen  risks  in  spite  of  what 
the  promoters  may  tell  you.  The  soil 
and  locality  may  not  prove  what  you 
think.  There  may  develop  some  defect 
in  getting  fruit  to  market  which  you 
cannot  now  foresee.  True,  some  of  the 
promoters  of  these  companies  promise 
or  offer  “gilt-edged”  guarantees,  but  we 
have  seen  before  now  even  stronger 
guarantees  fail  because  tbe  promoters 
could  not  sell  enough  stock  to  float 
their  enterprises  and  pay  their  bills.  We 
would  rather  take  our  chance  with  a 
horse  or  a  factory  or  a  farm,  all  of 
which  we  could  see  and  know  were 
sound  and  profitable,  than  to  buy  a  colt 
or  share  in  some  undeveloped  business 
which  someone  else  was  to  handle.  We 
think  the  “unit”  system  is  wrong  in 
principle  anyway,  and  we  would  not, 
personally,  buy  shares  in  either  a  bear¬ 
ing  orchard  or  one  undeveloped. 

COMPARATIVE  VALUE  OF  MANURE. 

C.  L.  B.,  Allentown,  Pa.— Can  you  give 
us  any  idea  as  to  the  estimated  money 
value  (dollars  and  cents)  of  ordinary  stable 
manure  when  used  (a)  on  meadow  land,  (b) 
oats  following  corn,  (c)  corn?  We  are 
trying  to  determine  the  relative  value  of 
such  a  fertilizer  ns  compared  with  other 
kinds  of  fertilizers  and  to  determine 
whether  it  would  pay  to  haul  same  any 
fair  distance. 

Ans. — The  only  way  to  estimate  the 
value  of  manure  as  plant  food  is  to 
compare  it  with  chemicals  which  are 
bought  and  sold.  Three  things  give 
such  value  to  fertilizers — nitrogen,  phos¬ 
phoric  acid,  and  potash.  These  are 
quoted  in  the  fertilizer  market  the  same 
as  wheat  or  flour  or  coal.  If  a  man 
offered  you  a  lot  of  cord  wood  or 
chunks  for  fuel  you  would  compute  its 
value  by  comparing  it  with  coal.  The 
same  with  stable  manure.  Its  composi¬ 
tion  varies,  but  on  the  average  a  ton  of 
good  quality  will  contain  10  pounds  of 
nitrogen,  13  of  potash  and  six  of  phos¬ 
phoric  acid.  Now  to  get  this  plant  food 
in  the  form  of  chemicals  you  will  need, 
say,  60  pounds  nitrate  of  soda  or  80 
pounds  dried  blood,  25  pounds  muriate 
of  potash,  and  45  pounds  of  acid  phos¬ 
phate.  Find  what  these  will  cost  in 
market  and  you  have  the  trade  value  of 
the  plant  food  in  your  ton  of  manure. 
You  should  add  to  this  the  cost  of  haul¬ 
ing.  The  manure  has  another  value  in 
the  vegetable  matter  which  it  contains. 
As  a  rule  where  manure  is  hauled  in 
this  way  and  some  fertilizers  are  bought 
it  will  pay  best  to  put  the  manure  on 
the  corn  ground  and  use  the  chemicals 
on  the  meadows  or  oats.  The  chemicals 
contain  nitrogen  in  a  more  available 
form,  and  that  is  more  suitable  to  the 
grass  and  grain  while  the  manure  on 
sod  is  ideal  for  the  corn. 


THE  MILLER’S  SHARE  OF  WHEAT. 
The  Figures  Overhauled. 

We  do  not  find  one  farmer  in  20  who 
will  take  the  flour  from  bis  own  wheat. 
They  want  Spring  wheat  flour  which  the 
miller  must  buy  from  the  mills  in  the  West 
or  ship  in  the  Spring  wheat  to  make  it. 
That  kind  of  wheat  or  flour  costs  far 
above  Chicago  No.  2  Red  or  Winter  wheat 
flour.  Then  beside  all  that  they  want  the 
best  (a  short  patent),  would  not  have  a 
straight  flour,  must  have  a  50  to  60  per 
cent  patent,  just  the  cream  of  the  wheat. 
The  other  40  to  50  per  cent  the  miller 
must  take  just  what  ho  can  get  for  it, 
about  $3.50  is  the  most.  The  short  patent 
will  cost  him  around  $6  per  barrel,  while 
the  Winter  wheat  flour  is  sold  as  low  as 
$3.50  per  barrel  net  to  the  miller.  You 
cannot  figure  over  one  barrel  Winter  flour 
from  live  bushels  of  wheat  of  good  quality. 
Your  inquirer's  wheat  may  not  have  been 
of  high  grade.  We  are  not  defending  this 
miller,  hut  like  to  show  up  this  business 
fairly  to  all,  as  we  are  meeting  conditions 
as  millers  similar  to  this  all  the  time. 
Winter  wheat  should  bring  more  than  80 
cents,  hut  how  is  a  Winter  wheat  miller  to 
pay  more  and  sell  straight  Winter  wheat 
flour  at  $3.50,  and  bear  all  the  expense  of 
milling  and  hunting  a  market?  If  he  ships 
his  flour  East  it  will  not  net  him  that  much. 
If  the  farmers  would  do  as  they  did  30 
years  ago  in  this  Winter  wheat  country, 
use  the  flour  of  their  own  wheat,  they 


would  help  much  to  raise  the  price  of  Win¬ 
ter  wheat  flour,  but  when  the  farmer  works 
against  himself  and  trouble  comes  wny 
blame  the  miller?  Then  there  is  another 
thing  I  don't  want  to  miss :  Know  all  tne 
circumstances  before  you  accuse  your  neigh¬ 
bor,  so  that  you  may  in  the  end  not  appear 
unto  condemnation.  n.  w. 

Pennsylvania. 

Noticing  the  statement  on  page  1130  rel¬ 
ative  to  the  quantity  of  flour,  bran  and 
middlings  that  a  farmer  should  get  in  ex¬ 
change  for  wheat,  the  rule  of  exchange  when 
I  operated  a  mill  (and  I  milled  it  a  good 
many  years)  was  as  follows  :  For  a  bushel 
of  good  clean  sound  wheat  the  farmer  received 
36  pounds  flour,  eight  pounds  bran,  four 
pounds  middlings.  So  our  farmer  friends 
should  have  had :  41.15  bushels  wheat  at 
36  pounds,  1,485  pounds  flour;  330  pounds 
bran.  165  pounds  middlings;  worth,  1,485 
pounds  flour  at  $3  bushel.  $44.55 ;  330 
pounds  bran  at  $1.50.  $4.95 :  165  pounds 
middlings  at  $1.50,  $2.47.  Total.  $51.97. 
The  corn  and  oats  feed  could  not  enter  into 
exchange  as  no  miller  could  get  feed  from 
wheat.  The  farmer  should  have  sold 
enough  wheat  to  buy  his  feed  and  the  miller 
should  have  made  him  wholesale  price  as 
he  derives  profit  on  both  transactions,  a 
bushel  of  good  wheat  milled  in  an  average 
manner  should  produce  42  pounds  straight 
grade  flour,  so  the  miller  would  get  for  his 
trouble  and  expense,  six  pounds  flour  and 
six  pounds  bran  and  middlings  per  bushel, 
or  247  pounds  flour  at  $3,  $7.41  ;  247 

pounds  bran  and  middlings  at  $1.50,  $3.72, 
$11.13.  Or  roughly  27  cents  per  bushel, 
which  is  a  good  price  for  milling. 

Michigan.  c.  h.  Edwards. 

Nearly  all  millers  in  Northeastern  Ohio 
take  in  wheat  and  ship  it  to  seaboard  tor 
export.  They  buy  Spring  wheat  or  Spring 
wheat  flour  and  trade  it  or  sell  it  to  the 
farmers.  We  presume  the  same  is  true  in 
the  vicinity  of  Versailles.  Pa.  About 
three  years  ago  I  was  in  Ashtabula  County, 
Ohio,  and  tried  to  sell  some  flour.  The 
customer  had  a  stock  of  flour  made  in  Erie, 
Pa.  It  was  about  a  dollar  a  barrel  cheaper 
than  our  flour.  I  was  surprised  at  such 
a  large  difference  and  examined  the  flour. 
It  was  very  dark  and  speeky.  That  even¬ 
ing  I  ate  some  of  it.  I  once  worked  for 
a  400-barrol  mill  of  Bloomington.  Ill.  They 
did  not  grind  a  bushel  of  local  wheat.  They 
bought  it  and  shipped  it  East.  It  required 
five  bushels  of  it  to  make  a  barrel  of  in¬ 
ferior  flour.  Such  wheat  is  worth  about 
88  cents  in  Baltimore.  Freight  rate  Ver¬ 
sailles  to  Baltimore  8%  cents  per  100, 
6  8-10  cents  per  bushel.  Miller’s  profit 
1  2-10  cents  per  bushel.  Spring  wheat 

flour  ts  worth  $5.35  to  $5.60  at  Versailles, 
say  $5.50,  millers'  profit  on  flour,  50  cents. 
Both  old  corn  and  oats  were  worth  more 
than  $1.50  per  100  delivered  at  Versailles 
a  month  ago;  do  not  know  about  barley. 
Find  out  the  grade  of  wheat  and  the  brand 
or  kind  of  flour.  See  how  near  my  guess  is 
correct.  We  are  paying  90  cents  here  for 
wheat  and  93  to  95  cents  at  our  mill. 

Blanchester,  Ohio.  j.  w.  o. 


A  B  C  of  Potato  Culture,  by  T.  B. 
Terry  and  A.  I.  Boot :  a  new  and  revised 
edition  of  this  standard  popular  work;  372 
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The  Farmers’  Manual  of  Law,  by  Hugh 
Evander  Willis,  published  by  Orange,  Judcf 
Co.  Mr.  Willis  is  one  of  the  law  facultv 
in  the  University  of  Minnesota  and  is  also 
a  practical  farmer.  lie  is  the  author  of 
several  law  books,  and  in  this  volume  of 
458  pages  has  given  the  essentials  of  law 
as  it  apples  to  the  farmer.  This  excellent 
reference  work  is  for  sale  bv  The  Rural 
New-Yorker,  price  $2  net. 

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“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

—  -  -  - 

WORKS  WITHOUT  FAITH 

Faith  Came  After  the  Works  Had  Laid 
tlie  f  oundation. 

A  Bay  State  belle  talks  thus  about 
coffee : 

“While  a  coffee  drinker  I  was  a  suf¬ 
ferer  from  indigestion  and  intensely 
painful  nervous  headaches,  from  child¬ 
hood. 

“Seven  years  ago  my  health  gave  out 
entirely.  I  grew  so  weak  that  the  exer¬ 
tion  of  walking,  if  only  a  few  feet, 
made  it  necessary  for  me  to  lie  down. 
My  friends  thought  I  was  marked  for 
consumption — weak,  thin  and  pale. 

“I  realized  the  danger  I  was  in  and 
tried  faithfully  to  get  relief  from  medi¬ 
cines,  till,  at  last,  after  having  employed 
all  kinds  of  drugs,  the  doctor  acknowl¬ 
edged  that  he  did  not  believe  it  was  in 
his  power  to  cure  me. 

“While  in  this  condition  a  friend  in¬ 
duced  me  to  quit  coffee  and  try  Postum, 
and  I  did  so  without  the  least  hope  that 
it  would  do  me  any  good.  I  did  not 
like  it  at  first,  but  when  it  was  properly 
made  1  found  it  was  a  most  delicious 
and  refreshing  beverage.  I  am  espe¬ 
cially  fond  of  it  served  at  dinner  ice- 
cold,  with  cream. 

“In  a  month’s  time  I  began  to  im¬ 
prove,  and  in  a  few  weeks  my  indiges¬ 
tion  ceased  to  trouble  me,  and  "my  head¬ 
ache  stopped  entirely.  I  am  so  perfectly 
well  now  that  I  do  not  look  like  the 
same  person,  and  I  have  so  gained  in 
flesh  that  I  am  15  pounds  heavier  than 
ever  before. 

“This  is  what  Postum  has  done  for 
me.  I  still  use  it  and  shall  always  do 
so.”  Name  given  by  Postum  Co.,  Bat¬ 
tle  Creek,  Mich. 

“There’s  a  reason,”  and  it  is  ex¬ 
plained  in  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs. 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


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Not  only  the  bearings  but  the  entire  Abbott-Detroit  construction  is  standard. 
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flhbofrtVfrdT 

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This  car  will  climb  that  hill  and  coast  that  grade — it  will  run  through  sand 
and  mud,  snow  and  slush — it’s  the  real  power  plant  demanded  by  enterprising 
farmers  who  live  in  the  rough  parts  of  the  country  where  only  a  strong,  depend¬ 
able  and  standard  car  such  as  the  Abbott-Detroit  will  stand  up  year  in  and  year 
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Agents  and  farmers  constantly  assure  ns  that  our 
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and  that  they  sell  more  than  of  any  ever  handled. 
Agents  and  farmers  wanting  strictly  independent 
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fipnifl  a  »**»»»  Prairie  Dogs, 

Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
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“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
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wRh  “Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  ”aar8e 

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easily.  Send  for  catalog. 

WILLIAMS  BROS..  Ithaca.  N.  Y. 


lira 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


December  9, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


A  New  Republic. — The  other  day  in 
New  York  I  saw  a  procession  coining 
around  City  Hall  Square.  There  are  a 
dozen  or  more  of  such  things  in  the 
great  city  every  day.  Few  people  pay 
attention  to  them,  but  for  some  reason 
I  stopped  to  watch  this  one.  First  came 
a  band.  There  were  at  least  five  dif¬ 
ferent  nationalities  represented  among 
the  men  who  were  blowing  wind 
through  brass  and  stopping  it  with  their 
fingers  so  as  to  make  a  somewhat 
wheezy  “America.”  Then  came  three 
Chinamen  and  two  boys  carrying  a  ban¬ 
ner  on  which  we  read: 

“To  commemorate  the  beginning  of 
the  Chinese  Republic.” 

There  followed  a  long  procession  of 
carriages  and  cars  filled  with  solemn- 
looking  Chinamen,  their  queues  cut 
short  and  wearing  high  hats  and  black 
clothes.  From  each  carriage  fluttered 
small  American  flags  and  the  flag  of 
the  new  republic.  This  was  red  with  a 
blue  square  in  the  corner  and  a  sun¬ 
burst. 

No  one  could  call  it  an  impressive 
spectacle — this  handful  of  wooden-faced 
men — like  a  strange  ripple  of  humanity 
quickly  lost  in  the  whirl  and  roar  of 
Broadway.  There  were  a  few  long¬ 
faced,  hawk-eyed  men,  but  for  the  most 
part  these  Chinamen  had  fat,  un¬ 
wrinkled  faces  with  just  about  as  mucj) 
expression  as  the  countenance  of  an  en¬ 
larged  toy  out  of  a  child’s  Noah’s  ark. 
Shakespeare  was  a  great  student  of 
human  nature,  and  he  makes  Caesar  say : 

“Let  me  have  men  about  me  that  are  fat — 
Sleek  headed  men  and  such  as  sleep  o’ 
night ; 

Yond’  Cassius  hath  a  lean  and  hungry  look. 
He  thinks  too  much ;  such  men  are  dan¬ 
gerous.” 

If  the  great  William  could  have  come 
back  to  Broadway  that  day  without  fur¬ 
ther  human  experience  he  would  have 
said  this  new  republic  would  soon  be 
licked  off  the  map.  True,  a  fat  Chinese 
face  packed  under  a  high  silk  hat  does 
not  strike  us  as  the  top  piece  of  a  hero. 
Not  one  man  in  one  thousand  can  lend 
any  character  to  a  high  hat  anyway. 
Yet  behind  that  smooth  mask  of  a  face 
the  Chinaman  may  carry  a  brain  so 
keen  and  sharp  that  a  Cape  Cod  Yankee 
would  lose  his  jackknife  trading  with 
him.  And  the  Yankee  has  got  to  talk 
while  the  Chinaman  says  nothing! 
These  men  were  mostly  students  and 
rich  merchants.  No  doubt  the  Chinese 
rebellion  was  planned  and  financed  in 
San  Francisco  and  New  York.  These 
men  may  be  wooden-faced,  but  they  are 
not  wooden-headed.  They  know  just 
what  they  are  doing — and  no  one  else 
does.  There  is  the  shade  upon  the  new 
republic;  it  will  most  likely  be  “a  rich 
man’s  war  and  a  poor  man’s  fight !” 
But  this  little  group  of  silent  men  had 
their  day  of  parade  and  banners.  There 
was  a  tiny  bright  spot  on  Broadway  for 
an  hour.  Then  it  faded  and  the  multi¬ 
tude  smiled  and  forgot  it — for  what  had 
this  odd-looking  bunch  to  do  with  lib¬ 
erty  ? 

I  had  much  the  same  thing  in  mind 
as  I  turned  and  found  myself  facing  the 
statue  of  Nathan  Hale.  It  is  a  power¬ 
ful  figure — of  a  young  man  standing 
with  his  arms  tied  behind  him.  Prob¬ 
ably  every  school  boy  knows  the  story — - 
how  135  years  ago  Nathan  Hale  was 
hung  not  far  from  this  spot..  He  “gave 
his  life  for  his  country” — that  is  what 
I  read  on  the  stone  below  that  powerful 
figure.  It  seemed  as  if  the  roar  and 
battle  of  Broadway  were  stilled  for  the 
moment  and  I  saw  another  procession 
passing  by.  It  was  in  the  gray  of  the 
morning.  There  came  a  band  of  red- 
coated  Hessians  as  hard  and  impassive 
as  these  Chinamen,  but  with  not  10  per 
cent  of  their  intelligence.  If  there  had 
been  anything  except  putty  inside  their 
skulls  they  would  not  have  been  hire¬ 
lings.  In  their  midst  walked  Nathan 
Hale — in  the  flower  of  his  life  to  die  a 
felon’s  death.  Who  at  that  time  could 
have  dreamed  that  this  sad  procession 
seemingly  walking  to  the  gallows  was 
really  marching  past  it  to  lead  men  up 
higher  to  a  nearer  view  of  freedom? 
Yet  the  years  have  worked  it  out,  for 
here  above  the  rush  and  roar  of  the 
human  flood  stands  Hale  the  martyr, 
the  very  bonds  which  were  put  upon 
him  as  a  badge  of  disgrace  now  carry 
an  almost  sacred  significance.  The 
sculptor  caught  the  true  spirit,  for  it 
seemed  as  if  the  bronze  face  softened  a 
little  as  those  Chinamen  passed  on  with 
the  flag  of  their  new  republic.  The 
thing  I  am  getting  at  is  that  all  be¬ 
ginnings  of  great  things  look  small  and 
mean  to  the  unthinking.  I  am  sure 
that  much  of  noble  effort  and  hopeful 
ambition  is  stifled  in  the  cradle  be¬ 
cause  men  become  discouraged  at  ridi¬ 
cule  or  lack  of  support.  There  are  so 


many  ways  in  which  farming  and  coun¬ 
try  living  need  help  and  improvement. 
We,  who  live  in  the  country,  have  got 
to  do  this  work.  No  one  will  do  it  for 
us  without  taking  the  very  heart  of  it 
out  as  toll.  It  is  a  work  of  faith  and 
hope  for  the  plain,  common  men  and 
women  who  think  they  have  no  power, 
yet  who  can  move  mountains  if  they 
will  but  think  so,  and  keep  on  working 
patiently  and  honestly  at  the  things  God 
gives  them  to  do.  There  may  be  no 
parades  on  Broadwav  for  us,  but  our 
work  will  march  on  all  the  same.  Who 
can  say  that  the  most  telling  work  for 
the  future  is  not  being  done  over  the 
cooking  stove  or  on  the  milking  stool? 

Quince  Culture. — Now  and  then 
some  one  with  an  ambition  to  be  a 
“back-to-the-lander”  tastes  a  dish  of 
good  old-fashioned  quince  preserve ! 
That  is  calculated  to  make  any  man  go 
out  and  borrow  the  money  to  buy  a 
present  for  his  mother-in-law !  The 
back-to-the-lander  at  once  has  dreams 
of  getting  close  up  to  the  consumer  with 
quinces  and  he  comes  witli  a  list  of 
questions  about  quince  culture.  We  get 
many  of  them,  and  I  try  to  lead  these 
friends  away  from  the  subject.  Quince 
culture  has  led  us  pretty  near  zero.  We 
have  some  50  trees,  and  they  are  the 
most  unprofitable  of  any  on  the  farm. 
Again  and  again  they  have  bloomed  and 
led  us  to  brag  that  at  last  our  day  had 
come.  Then  the  bloom  faded  and  left 
perhaps  one  quince  on  a  bush.  I  would 
not  advise  planting  quinces.  If  others 
make  money  growing  them — they  beat 
me.  The  experts  name  a  moist,  heavy 
soil  as  best.  Orange  is  the  standard  va¬ 
riety.  We  have  also  Rea’s  and  Van 
Deman.  Now  and  then  some  man  comes 
with  a  big  story  of  profit  in  quince  cul¬ 
ture.  I  have  to  take  a  back  seat  when 
he  talks — in  fact  I  think  the  road  to 
quince  culture  ends  where  the  back  seats 
jump  off. 

Utilizing  Bones. — Here  is  another 
common  situation : 

I  have  about  one  barrel  of  bones  every 
two  weeks ;  also  boiler  and  engine.  Could  I 
make  any  use  of  them  on  the  farm,  or  is  it 
better  to  sell  them  for  70  cents  a  hundred 
and  buy  manure?  c.  F.  b. 

If  I  had  an  engine  and  boiler  I  should 
keep  the  bones.  As  fertilizer  the  plant 
food  in  them  would  cost  you  about  $30 
per  ton.  Of  course  I  do  not  know  what 
manure  costs  you.  Boil  the  bones  un¬ 
der  high  pressure  until  the  meat  and 
grease  are  taken  off.  Draw  off  this  pot 
liquor,  thicken  it  with  cornmeal  and 
shorts  and  feed  it  to  hogs.  This  will 
pay  better  with  a  small  lot  of  bones  than 
to  try  save  the  grease.  Then  boil  the 
bones  again  and  crush  up  what  you  can 
with  a  heavy  shovel.  If  you  can  get  a 
bone  mill  you  can  with  your  engine 
power  grind  the  bones  suitably  for  fer¬ 
tilizer.  If  you  have  no  mill  pack  the 
hard  bones  in  layers  of  wood  ashes  and 
keep  the  mass  moist.  In  about  three 
months  the  bones  will  be  soft  enough  to 
smash  up. 

Running  to  Tops. — It  seems  that  the 
fertilizer  problem  is  world  wide.  Here 
is  one  from  Colorado : 

What  does  my  soil  need  to  grow  pota¬ 
toes?  I  have  tried  different  ways  of 
planting,  but  in  every  case  it  was  all  tops 
and  no  potatoes  larger  than  a  marble.  All 
vegetables  do  well  and  produce  heavy  crops. 
My  soil  is  a  medium  dark  sandy  loam, 
easily  cultivated.  My  potato  tops  grow 
three  to  four  feet  tall.  2.  Would  straw¬ 
berries  bear  well  on  this  kind  of  laud? 

Dencer  Co.,  Col.  G.  w.  h. 

It  seems  much  like  absent  treatment 
to  tell  what  Colorado  soil  needs.  Such 
soil  is  new.  It  was  naturally  strong. 
Alfalfa  growing  has  made  it  rich  in 
nitrogen,  and  in  parts  of  Colorado  a 
form  of  bacteria  work  in  the  soil  and 
add  to  the  nitrates.  There  is  little  loss 
from  leaching  unless  irrigation  water  is 
put  on.  In  New  Jersey  such  a  growth 
of  potato  tops  would  indicate  a  large 
excess  of  nitrogen.  This  is  the  element 
of  growth.  Where  there  is  too  much  of 
it  in  proportion  to  the  potash  and  phos¬ 
phoric  acid  the  vine  and  leaf  will  make 
quick  and  heavy  growth  and  keep  this 
growth  up  so  long  and  late  that  the  seed 
or  tuber  will  not  mature.  I  do  not 
know  much  about  Colorado  conditions, 
but  these  symptoms  all  indicate  too 
much  nitrogen.  We  could  get  much  of 
this  out  by  growing  some  rank  crop  like 
millet  or  corn  and  then  following  with 
potatoes.  The  usual  method,  however, 
is  to  use  a  mixture  of  sulphate  of  potash 
and  phosphoric  acid — either  acid  phos¬ 
phate  or  ground  bone.  These  chemicals 
will  “balance”  the  extra  nitrogen  and 
there  will  be  a  quicker  maturity  and 
better  tubers.  The  same  thing  is  even 
more  true  of  the  strawberries.  On  this 
soil  they  will  make  fine  large  tops  but 
few  good  berries.  The  potash  and  phos¬ 
phoric  acid  added  will  correct  this  and 
produce  more  fruit.  H.  w.  c. 


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1177 


Ruralisms 

Xanthoceras  Sorbifolia. 

J.  IV’.  F.,  Ravenna,  0. — I  send  you  a  nut 
which  I  would  like  to  have  you  name.  It 
is  a  shrub  growing  in  my  yard,  with  a 
leaf  suggestive  of  a  sumach,  and  fruiting 
this  year  for  the  first  time,  so  am  curious 
to  know  what  it  is. 

Ans. — This  so-called  nut  is  a  round 
pod  of  a  rather  rare  shrub  introduced 
from  northern  China,  Xanthoceras  sor¬ 
bifolia.  It  is  hardy  in  most  of  our 
Northern  States,  and  makes  a  hand¬ 
some  appearance  as  a  single  plant  or  in 
combination  with  other  things.  The 
foliage  is  dark  green  and  glossy  and  is 
not  troubled  by  insects  or  fungus  dis¬ 
eases.  The  flowers  are  white  and  borne 
in  racemus  from  six  to  12  inches  long, 
and  this  with  the  foliage  and  graceful 
style  of  the  bush  makes  it  a  very  desir¬ 
able  ornament.  The  pods  are  three  parted 
and  contain  about  10  or  more  large, 
round  seeds  of  a  shiny  brown  color. 
They  are  not  edible.  H.  E.  van  deman. 

Fertilizer  for  Dahlias  and  Paeonies. 

O.  A.  R.,  Newton,  Mass. — 1.  What  do  you 
consider  the  best  balanced  commercial  fer¬ 
tilizer,  and  how  and  when  to  apply,  for 
Dahlias,  to  produce  flowers  abundantly 
when  no  manure  is  used?  I  grow  them  ex¬ 
tensively.  2.  Also  for  paeonies  under  the 
same  conditions?  3.  What  is  the  best 
manner  to  pile  green  manure,  which  is  to 
remain  out  in  the  open  from  Spring  to 
Autumn,  to  prevent  as  much  loss  as  pos¬ 
sible,  but  still  be  able  to  turn  it  over  sev¬ 
eral  times?  About  how  often  should  water 
be  .given  the  manure? 

Ans. — 1.  Any  good  commercial  fer¬ 
tilizer  rich  in  ammonia  and  phosphoric 
acid,  and  liberally  supplied  with  pot¬ 
ash,  will  suit  Dahlias,  but  the  best  re¬ 
sults  are  obtained  by  using  it  in  con¬ 
nection  with  manure.  Prepare  the 
ground  as  you  would  for  corn.  When 
the  plants  are  flowering  freely  a  handful 
of  top-dressing  to  each  plant,  four 
parts  bone  meal  to  one  part  nitrate  of 
soda,  will  be  very  helpful. 

2.  We  have  had  no  experience  in 
growing  paeonies  with  commercial  fer¬ 
tilizers.  Much  would  depend  on  the 
soil ;  they  like  a  deep  rich  loam,  and 
suffer  from  drought.  We  would  feel 
safe  in  using  a  good  corn  fertilizer,  but 
would  like  to  apply  a  top-dressing  of 
rather  strawy  manure  in  the  Autumn, 
to  be  forked  lightly  into  the  soil  in 
Spring.  Fresh  manure  (especially  cow 
manure)  has  been  under  suspicion  as 
encouraging  a  bacterial  wilt  of  the 
poeony,  but  we  have  had  poor  results 
with  paeonies  deprived  of  humus. 

3.  Make  a  low  flat-topped  pile,  and 
turn  or  fork  it  over  every  few  weeks 
to  hasten  decomposition  and  prevent 
“burning.”  One  can  only  say  it  should 
be  moistened  when  necessary — that  is, 
not  allowed  to  dry  out.  If,  as  we  infer, 
the  compost  is  meant  for  greenhouse 
use,  the  manure  should  be  piled  with 
alternate  layers  of  sod  taken  from  the 
surface  of  old  fields;  with  proper  care 
in  cutting  down  and  turning  this  makes 
the  best  potting  soil,  fine  and  friable. 
The  florists  pile  up  their  compost  as 
neatly  as  cordwood. 

Ripe  Grapes  as  Food. 

I  wish  to  tell  G.  H.  M.,  New  York, 
(Ruralisms,  page  1117,)  that  I  know 
from  experience  the  acid  in  ripe  Con¬ 
cord  grapes  will  not  dry  up  the  blood 
nor  will  it  have  any  other  injurious 
effect  upon  the  person  who  eats  them. 
Living  as  I  do  in  the  grape  belt  and 
working  in  the  vineyards  every  Fall,  I 
have  access  to  all  the  grapes  I  can  eat 
from  one  to  three  months  every  year ; 
and  the  grapes  that  I  eat  are  not  a 
few.  While  working  in  the  vineyard  I 
always  eat  grapes  every  chance  I  get, 
every  day,  from  the  time  I  begin  work 
in  the  morning  until  I  quit  at  night,  and 
we  have  grapes  on  the  table  at  almost 
every  meal.  As  to  the  effects  of  eating 
so  many  grapes,  during  the  first  week 
or  two  of  the  grape  season  my  mouth 
always  gets  sore,  so  that  I  have  to  stop 
eating  grapes  for  two  or  three  days,  but 
after  that  I  can  eat  all  I  wish.  As  to 
the  acid  drying  up  the  blood,  if  there 
was  anything  in  this  my  blood  would 
all  have  been  dried  up  and  blown  away 
long  ago.  I  think  I  have  about  as  much 
blood  as  the  average  person,  anyway 
when  I  cut  myself  or  otherwise  break 
the  skin  there  always  seems  to  be  plenty, 
and  it  is  of  a  good  red  color,  too.  Some 
persons  extract  the  seeds  from  grapes 
before  eating  them.  I  think  this  a  fool¬ 
ish  and  unnatural  practice,  and  think 
that  grapes  were  made  to  be  eaten  just 


as  they  come  from  the  skin.  Anyway, 
if  I  could  not  eat  them  without  extract¬ 
ing  the  seeds  I  would  not  eat  them  at 
all,  as  it  spoils  their  taste  to  me.  Of 
course  grapes  that  are  not  ripe  should 
not  be  eaten,  but  if  one  eats  No  1 
basket  grapes  such  as  are  put  up  by 
the  Grape  Union  here,  there  is  little 
chance  of  their  getting  grapes  that  are 
not  ripe.  Many  people  (especially 
young  ladies)  who  do  not  live  in  the 
grape  belt  come  here  every  year  during 
the  grape  season  to  work  in  the  vine¬ 
yards  on  account  of  the  healthfulness  of 
the  work,  and  I  am  sure  another  thing 
they  come  for  is  to  get  all  the  grapes 
they  wish  to  eat.  I  am  sure  that  if  I 
did  not  live  in  the  grape  belt  this  alone 
would  be  worth  a  great  deal  to  me.  I 
never  feel  better  during  any  part  of  the 
year  than  during  the  grape  season  and 
am  always  glad  when  that  time  arrives. 
Let  G.  H.  M.  and  the  members  of  his 
family  eat  all  the  good  ripe  Concord 
grapes  they  can  get.  The  more  the  bet¬ 
ter.  L.  G.  SWANSON. 

Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Treatment  of  Lucretia  Dewberry. 

On  page  1092  E.  W.  G.,  of  Boston, 
Mass.,  tells  of  trouble  with  a  Lucretia 
dewberry  plant.  My  plants  behaved 
much  the  same.  Two  years  ago  I  cut 
them  back  when  canes  were  three  feet 
long,  and  kept  them  cut  to  that  length 
during  the  rest  of  season.  The  canes 
ripened  well  and  were  heavily  loaded 
with  strong  well-developed  fruit  buds. 
Canes  were  laid  down  and  covered  with 
four  inches  of  pine  needles;  this  cover¬ 
ing  was  held  in  place  with  a  covering  of 
earth.  Next  Spring  canes  were  raised 
and  tied  to  trellis.  A  fine  crop  of 
large  berries  was  produced.  The  same 
treatment  produced  a  fine  crop  the  past 
season.  In  the  North,  dewberries  grow 
too  much  cane,  set  fruit  buds  out  on 
the  tender  ends  of  canes,  which  do  not 
properly  ripen,  and  do  not  store  a  suffi¬ 
cient  amount  of  starch  in  the  buds. 
Cutting  back  causes  buds  to  form  near 
the  base  of  plant  on  firm  wood.  Swat 
the  Himalaya  blackberry ;  it  winter- 
kills  here  with  the  above  treatment.  The 
few  berries  it  has  produced  are  small 
and  very  poor  in  quality.  Lucretia  dew¬ 
berry  is  far  superior,  and  will  pay  for 
good  treatment.  h.  rocichill. 

Grundy  Co.,  Iowa. 


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GET  HIGHER  PRICES  FOR 
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Spraying  decides  whether  your 
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That’s  the  way  to  change  from 
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Quick-Shifts 

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bors  and  pay  for  your  grinder 
in  a  short  time.  Send  for  prices  and  free  book. 

The  Star  Manufacturing  Co.,  13  Depot  St..  New  Lexington,  0. 


w  hen  you  write  advertisers 


It  is  a  favorite  trick  of  the  professional 
“gyps”  who  infest  the  great  horse  markets 
— also  the  “ginger  trick.”  and  the  “arti¬ 
ficial  tail”  frame-up.  These  smooth 
dodges  and  all  the  other  rascalities  of 
these  brazen  scamps  are  laid  bare  in 

“Horse  Secrets” 

— the  only  complete  book  of  horse-trading 
swindles  ever  published  as  far  as  we  know. 
Farm  Journal  has  distributed  seven  editions  of 
this  book — 75,000  copies — in  the  past  two  years, 
and  the  warning  advice  contained  in  it,  to- 

f;ether  with  the  valuable  information  about 
eeding  aud  conditioning  stock  and  the  cure 
of  diseases  and  bad  habits  have  probably  saved 
“Our  Folks”  many  thousand  dollars. 

FARM  JOURNAL 

is  also  a  great  money-saver  and  money-maker 
for  its  subscribers.  No  other  farm  paper  is  so 
broad  in  its  scope — so  intensely  practical — so 
interesting  in  its  presentation  of  facts— so 
helpful  and  entertaining  in  its  columns  de¬ 
voted  to  the  home.  You  need  it  for  yourself 
and  your  family — and  you  can  have  it  every 
month  for  four  years,  together  with  “Horse 
Secrets”  at  once,  postpaid,  both  for  $1.00. 

Send  for  them  at  once,  and  if,  on  receipt  of 
the  book,  you  don’t  believe  that  in  it  alone 
you  have  more  than  your  money’s  worth,  say 
so  and  we’ll  stop  the  paper  at  once. 

Farm  Journal,  130  N.  Clifton  St.,  Philadelphia 


Every  Rotten  Post 

that  must  be  replaced  entails  an  expense  greater  than 
setting  a  new  line  of  posts.  The  cost  of  replacing  is  post 
plus  labor  and  expense  incidental  to  adisturbance  of  the 
balance  of  the  fence.  This  can  BE  PREVENTED  through 
the  proper  treatment  of  butts  of  posts  with  Avenarius 
Carbolineum.  Painting  3-foot  butts  two  coats  cost  no 
more  than  2  cents  for  each.  Circular  58  tells  all  about 
the  proper  preservative  treatment  of  posts.  It’s  free 
for  the  asking.  Write. 

CARBOLINEUM  WOOD  PRESERVING  CO. 

81  Franklin  Street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

We  are  STILL  MAKING  and  SELLING 

Rubberhide  Boots 


They  are  better  than  ever.  The  increased  demand 
proves  it.  Only  best  Oak  Leather  used  in  the  soles. 
Resolable  by  any  cobbler.  Ask  your  dealer  or  writo 
us  for  booklet  and  prices. 

RUBBERHIDE  COMPANY 

Dept.  E,  E*sex  Building',  Boston,  Mass, 


Water  Pumped 
Winter  and  Summer 

without  labor.  Zero  weather 
doesn’t  stop  an  automatic  Rife 
Ram.  liaises  water  30  feet  for 
each  foot  of  fall— no  trouble  or 
pumping  expense.  Satisfac¬ 
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Booklet,  plans,  estimate,  FREE, 
FIFE  ENGINE  COMPANY 
2129  Trinity  Building,  New  York 


R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Kill  the 
Scale 

with  the  one  most  re¬ 
liable  remedy  against 
the  San  Jose  Scale. 

Spray  NOW  with 

BOWKER’S 

LIME-SULPHUR 


Write  for  Book  and  Price  List  to 

BOWKER  INSECTICIDE  CO. 

BOSTON.  MASS. 


Buoket,  Barrel,  4-Row  Potato  Sprayers, 
Power  Orchard  Rigs,  etc. 

There’s  a  field  sprayer  for  every  need,  pro¬ 
nounced  by  all  experts  the  world’s  best  line. 

THIS  EMPIRE  KING 

leads  everything  of  its  kind.  Throws 
fine  mist  spray  with  strong  force,  no 
clogging,  strainers  are  brushed  and 
I  kept  clean  and  liquid  is  thoroughly 
agitated  automatically. 

Spraying  Calondar  Free.  Write  for  di¬ 
rections  and  formula.  Also  catalog  on 
entire  sprayer  line.  We  have  the  sprayer 
to  meet  your  exact  wants.  Address 

FIELD  FORCE  PUMP  CO., 

2  1 1th  St.,  Elmira,  N.  Y. 


/•Earn  $10  a  day-* 

Sawing  firewood,  lumber,  lath,  posts, 
etc.,  on  contract  work.  You  can  cut 
more  and  cut  much  easier  with  a 

Hertzler  &  Zook 

Portable 
Wood 


As  low  as 


Absolutely  the  cheapest  and  best  saw 
made.  Guaranteed  for  1  year* 
Sold  at  factory  prices — $10  and  up. 
Save  middleman’s  profit.  Operates 
easier  than  other  saws  because 
stick  is  low  and  the  saw 
draws  it  on  as  soon  as  it 
touches  the  saw.  Only  $10 
saw  to  which  ripping  table  can 
be  added.  Big  money  makers 
and  savers.  Send  for  Catalogue. 

HERTZLER  <fc  ZOOK  CO. 
Box  3  Belleville,  Pa. 


J 


HITSELMAN  FENCE 

Sold  direct  to  you  at  factory 
prices  on  30  days  trial.  Save 
the  dealers  profit.  Farm,  Hog 
and  Poultry  Fence  at  from 

1  1H  CENTS  A  ROD  UP. 

All  wires  are  heavily  galvanized 
80  rod  spool  of  Ideal  galvanized 
Barbed  Wire  $1.40.  Write 
to-day  for  large  free  Catalog  showing 
100  different  styles  and  heights  of  fencing 

Box  230  KITSELMAN  BROS.  MUNCIE,  IND. 


—99  %<>  %  Pure— 

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Without  Painting 

The  Only  Guaranteed  Metal  Roofing  ever  put  on  the 
market.  Samples  free.  Write  for  a  free  book  showing 
remarkable  tests.  A  way  out  of  your  roof  troubles. 

THE  AMERICAN  IRON  ROOFING  CO.,  Dept.  D.ELTRIA,  OHIO 


MAGAZINES- 


my  Jj’rei 
SCRIPT 


ly  them  of  me  at  a  low  ligu 
Free  Catalogue.  H.  H.  REYNOLDS 
ION  AGENCY,  Hamburg,  Conn. 


Send  for 
SUB- 


Turn  your  wood  lot  into  lumber 
with  an  “American”  Saw  Mill. 
What  you  don’t  need  yourself 
sell  at  present  high  prices.  Cut 
your  neighbor’s  trees.  Keep  your 
farm  engine  and  teams  busy  this 
winter  with  an  “American”  Mill. 
“Making  Money  Off  the  Wood 
Lot”i8  a  book  you  ought  to  get. 
Write  nearest  ofHce  for  it  today. 
American  Saw  Mill  MachineryCo. 

12!i  HopeSt.,  Hackettstown,  N.J. 

1582  Terminal  Bldg.,  N.Y.  Chicago, Savannah,  New Orltauf 


HAVE  YOU 
CONQUERED 
SAN  JOSE  SCALE  ? 


We  guarantee  it  can  be  done  with  “Sealecide”  for  less  money,  with  less  effort,  and  more  effectively  than  with  Lime-Sulfur 
or  anything  else.  “Sealecide”  may  be  mixed  anywhere,  in  any  kind  of  a  tank  or  barrel  that  is  clean.  "Sealecide”  does 
not  corrode  the  pumps  or  clog  the  nozzle;  consequently  the  pumps  work  very  much  easier,  with  less  labor,  wear  and  tear. 
"Sealecide”  will  not  injure  the  most  delicate  skin,  and  may  even  be  placed  in  the  eyes  without  the  slightest  inconvenience 
or  injury.  “Sealecide”  is  used  successfully  by  fruitgrowers  in  the  United  States,  South  Africa,  Porto  Rico,  Cuba,  and 
Australia,  because  experience  has  taught  them  thatthe  greatest  perfection  iu  fruit  and  foliage  is  produced  by  the  continued 
use  of  Sealecide,  and  with  less  labor  and  less  expense.  Let  us  prove  these  statements.  A  postal  request  to  Dept  ‘N” 
will  bring  you  by  return  mail,  free,  our  book,  “  ’  -  —  ~ 

booklet,  "Sealecide — the  Ti 
in  the  United  States  east  i 
bbls.,  $16.00  ;  10-gal.  cans, 


1178 

The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER’S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  an<l  Suburban  Homes 

Established  isso 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company.  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 

Herbert  W.  Collingwood,  President  anil  Editor. 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  K.  T.  Roylk,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union.  $2.04.  equal  to  8s.  Cd.,  or 
8>£  marks,  or  10J^  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line — 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  os  j  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  n  respon- 
sible  person.  Rut  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting' any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  pnbliely  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  ail  just  trifling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be 
respon  slide  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

The  man  on  the  run  with  the  bear  after  him  could 
tell  if  he  had  the  breath  why  he  was  the  chasee  rather 
than  the  chaser.  He  aimed  his  gun  without  looking 
through  the  hindsight.  Thousands,  yes  millions,  of 
men  and  women  lament  their  loss  and  ill  fortune  be¬ 
cause  they  had  no  hindsight  until  the  mistake  had 
been  made  or  the  money  thrown  away.  For  hindsight 
is  experience — the  great  teacher  of  mankind.  For 
more  than  25  years  we  have  seen  the  human  flood 
pass  along  the  great  highway  of  life,  throwing  money 
at  fakes  and  frauds.  Sometimes  a  fraud  will  rob  one 
of  these  wayfarers,  then  put  on  new  clothes  and  rob 
him  again — all  because  the  victim  did  not  recognize 
the  earmarks.  This  has  become  so  common  that  it 
lias  seemed  necessary  to  brand  those  frauds  so  they 
may  be  known.  This  has  led  to  the  preparation  of 
our  new  book,  “Hind-Sights,”  which  will  he  presented 
to  readers  as  was  “Nell  Beverly,”  “The  Business 
Hen”  and  others.  The  hook  is  called  “Hind-Sights” 
because  it  gives  just  the  information  about  fakes  and 
fraudulent  schemes  which  you  need  in  order  to  detect 
them.  There  will  be  thousands  of  promoters  or  down¬ 
right  robbers  to  point  out  great  fortunes  through  the 
front  sight.  This  book  gives  you  hindsight — the 
experience  of  the  millions  who  have  blown  their  blood 
and  sweat  away  on  foolish  or  fraudulent  schemes. 
There  is  nothing  just  like  it  anywhere  in  print. 

* 

It  is  not  generally  known  how  rapidly  the  New 
York  College  of  Agriculture  at  Cornell  is  growing. 
On  November  1  there  were  918  students  in  agricul¬ 
ture,  with  nearly  100  more  taking  post-graduate 
courses.  The  Winter  course  will  add  500  more! 
Col.  Roosevelt  recently  addressed  the  agricultural 
students.  He  told  them  that  practical  farm  training 
is  the  foundation  for  success.  Upon  that  foundation 
must  be  built  solid  work  of  social,  moral  and  spiritual 
power.  Those  who  are  reading  the  autobiography  of 
Robert  M.  La  Follette  will  remember  his  tribute  to 
the  University  of  Wisconsin.  He  tells  how  the  in¬ 
fluence  of  that  institution  has  been  a  power  in  the 
State  by  making  men  think  and  encouraging  them  to 
independence.  The  New  York  College  of  Agriculture 
under  Dr.  Bailey  should  be  much  the  same  factor  in 
the  public  life  of  New  York  State. 

* 

From  time  to  time  Americans  hear  of  the  develop¬ 
ment  of  the  Soy  bean  industry  in  Japan  and  China. 
Quietly  but  steadily  this  development  has  gone  on 
until  Consul  Wm.  Kent  is  justified  in  saying: 

The  Soya  bean  and  its  products  continue  to  grow  in 
importance  throughout  Manchuria  and  to  furnish  the  prin¬ 
cipal  articles  of  commercial  activity  at  Newebwang.  When 
it  is  recalled  how  recently  the  Soya  bean  and  its  extensive 
uses  have  come  to  the  knowledge  of  the  commercial  world 
aud  how  rapidly  it  has  taken  its  place  as  an  article  of 
commerce,  it  must  be  regarded  as  a  parcel  of  agricultural 
transformation,  comparable  alone  in  modern  times  to  the 
discovery  of  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  and  the  potato. 

The  bean  is  used  as  food.  An  oil  is  extracted 
which  is  said  to  equal  linseed  for  many  purposes. 
The  dried  cake  left  after  the  oil  is  extracted  is  ex¬ 
ported  to  be  used  as  stock  food.  It  has  already 
ehanged  the  method  of  feeding  animals  in  Europe 
and  England.  Not  only  this,  but  the  Soy  bean,  like 
Alfalfa,  adds  nitrogen  to  the  soil.  There  have  been 
many  jokes  about  what  the  white  bean  did  for  New 
England.  These  jokes  had  a  serious  side  though  the 
Yankees  import  most  of  their  beans.  There  is  no 
doubt,  however,  that  the  Soy  bean  is  bringing  about 
one  of  those  world  wide  changes  which  the  crops 
mentioned  by  Mr.  Kent  have  done.  Alfalfa  is  doing 


THE  NEW-YORKER 

much  the  same  for  the  Argentine  Republic,  and  we 
think  on  a  smaller  scale  flint  corn  and  apples  are  to 
change  New  England.  Most  of  the  great  world’s 
changes  have  been  started  by  farmers  through  the 
development  of  new  crops  which  increased  trade. 
History  shows  that  the  great  benefits  have  usually 
gone  to  those  who  handled  this  trade  rather  than  to 
the  producers. 

* 

We  have  tried  to  get  the  facts  about  that  yield  of 
70  tons  of  green  corn  on  an  acre.  Some  of  our  read¬ 
ers  bluntly  say  that  they  do  not  believe  any  such  yield 
was  ever  grown.  We  give  the  facts  and  the  proof 
seems  to  be  sound.  At  the  Massachusetts  corn  show 
the  Bowker  prize  for  largest  yield  went  to  a  Con¬ 
necticut  man  who  grew  on  a  measured  acre  160.4 
bushels  of  corn,  harvest  measure,  and  112.6  bushels 
when  reduced  to  crib-dry  corn.  Such  yields  are  both 
encouraging  and  discouraging.  They  show  possibil¬ 
ities  when  every  condition  of  seed,  soil  and  season  is 
right,  but  to  the  average  man  who  somehow  never  is 
able  to  get  this  combination,  they  seem  too  large  to 
grasp.  Take  the  case  of  Mrs.  Harris  and  her  70 
tons  of  stalks.  Few  of  us  could  hope  to  start  with  a 
henyard  and  a  hogyard  and  cover  it  thickly  with  ma¬ 
nure.  Even  if  we  did  the  chances  are  we  would  run 
into  a  drought  or  an  early  frost.  Yet  this  record 
shows  us  that  if  we  are  to  raise  corn  at  all  we  ought 
to  be  sure  of  our  seed  and  fertilize  and  fit  the  soil  to 
the  limit.  A  few  acres  of  corn  well  handled  will 
beat  many  acres  half  cared  for. 

* 

Last  week  we  pointed  out  the  folly  of  expecting  that 
“good  times”  will  follow  a  doubling  of  America!] 
crops  of  grain  and  other  food.  History  is  clear  on 
this  point. 

In  1S95  and  189G  thousands  of  bushels  of  potatoes  sold 
in  Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y.,  for  five  cents  per  bushel,  and  other 
thousands  were  never  sold,  as  there  was  no  market.  In 
1S9G  and  1S97  thousands  of  bushels  sold  for  25  cents  to 
10  cents  per  bushel,  many  more  at  the  latter  than  at  the 
former  price.  One  thing  1  am  unable  to  understand,  and 
it  is  this:  Why  is  the  tchole  world  down  on  the  producer t 
I  mean  the  one  who  produces  from  the  land.  Ilad  con¬ 
ditions  existing  in  1895-6-7  continued  a  few  years  longer 
two-thirds  of  the  farmers  in  Western  New  Y'ork  would 
have  been  bankrupt.  »  c.  t. 

Correct!  And  that  is  just  what  would  follow  if  the 
railroad  and  city  business  interests  could  double  the 
country’s  crop  of  corn  without  changing  the  present 
cost  and  method  of  distribution.  Right  at  the  time 
these  10-cent  potatoes  were  being  sold,  soup  and 
bread  lines  of  wolf-like  men  were  found  in  every 
city.  Organized  charity  never  was  so  nearly  dis¬ 
couraged  in  trying  to  feed  the  starving.  This  was  be¬ 
cause,  however  little  the  farmers  got  for  their  produce, 
the  handlers  kept  up  prices  to  consumers.  People 
had  no  money  to  buy  even  cheap  food  because  they 
had  no  work.  That  was  because  the  demand  for 
manufactured  goods  fell  off.  The  reason  for  this 
was  that  farmers  did  not  get  enough  for  their  crops 
to  pay  running  expenses,  and  of  course  they  could  not 
buy!  There  you  have  the  whole  story.  We  will  ask 
some  of  our  scientific  friends  who  advocate  doubling 
our  crops  to  name  the  nation  or  the  period  of  history 
when  true  prosperity  has  followed  cheap  food,  which 
meant  low  prices  to  fanners  for  their  crops.  Our 
friend  wants  to  know  why  the  world  is  “down  on 
the  producer !”  Because  he  is  unorganized  and  good- 
natured  and  has  a  reputation  for  growling  but  never 
biting  with  his  ballot ! 

* 

Are  Eastern  farmers  too  conservative?  I  believe  they  are. 
The  cities  have  been  crying  the  high  cost  of  living,  and 
rightly  too.  The  city  press  has  been  telling  them  that 
the  farmer  was  to  blame  for  it  all,  and  naturally  they 
believe  it,  for  they  do  not  read  the  other  side.  In  fact 
I  do  not  believe  they  think  there  is  another  side.  We 
have  a  great  many  farmers  entirely  competent  to  place 
our  side  before  the  city  reader  (even  as  a  paid  advertise¬ 
ment)  if  they  will  not  accept  and  print  it  for  the  public 
good.  We  believe  the  Granges  of  the  different  States 
should  have  a  fund  for  this  purpose  of  disseminating  agri¬ 
cultural  knowledge  through  the  city  press ;  the  pros  and 
cons,  if  you  please,  of  farm  life.  Let  our  agricultural 
press  tell  us  less  of  how  to  raise  and  fatten  pigs  and 
cattle ;  most  farmers  know  well  how  to  do  this.  What 
we  most  need  today  is  to  instil  into  the  farmer’s  mind 
what  his  rights  are,  and  then  stand  by  and  help  him  to 
get  them.  e.  a.  hawks. 

Tompkins  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Amen!  !  /  The  farmers  have  waited  a  long  time 
for  the  “leaders”  to  go  right  into  the  enemy’s  coun¬ 
try  and  put  up  a  battle.  Now  let  them  take  the  mat¬ 
ter  right  into  their  own  hands.  Begin  right  away 
in  the  local  papers.  Outside  of  New  York  the  city 
papers  must  depend  on  their  country  readers  for  a 
good  share  of  their  support.  These  readers  are  the 
best  buyers,  and  they  give  local  advertisers  good 
support.  The  papers  are  therefore  under  obligations 
to  them  and  they  should  have  the  right  to  state  their 
case  in  their  own  way.  This  suggestion  by  Mr. 
Hawks  is  first-rate.  It  will  make  a  needed  form  of 
education. 


December  9, 

In  his  fight  for  pure  food  Dr.  Harvey  W.  Wiley 
tried  to  prevent  the  use  of  benzoate  of  soda  in  pre¬ 
serving  food.  He  was  overruled,  and  this  material 
is  used  in  many  canned  goods.  A  committee  of  ex¬ 
pert  German  scientists  has  studied  the  effect  of  this 
drug  and  condemned  its  use  in  food: 

The  experiments  of  the  imperial  health  office  have 
demonstrated  that  by  mixing  0.25  per  cent,  benzole  acid 
or  sodium  benzoate  with  chopped  meat  a  slight  smell  of 
decay  in  the  meat  disappears  for  a  time.  By  this  process, 
therefore,  food  which  has  already  commenced  to  decay 
can  be  given  the  appearance  of  freshness  and  the  pur¬ 
chaser  deceived  as  to  its  quality. 

That  is  nice  stuff  to  put  in  the  hands  of  a  butcher 
with  freedom  to  use  it.  This  chemical  should  not  be 
used  in  food.  It  is  possible  to  preserve  food  without 
using  drugs  or  poisons  if  perfect  cleanliness  be  em¬ 
ployed.  The  U.  S.  Government  should  stop  per¬ 
mitting  the  manufacturers  to  feed  embalming  fluid  to 
the  people!  If  the  manufacturers  cannot  put  up 
canned  goods  without  using  poisons  there  are  thou¬ 
sands  of  country  people  who  can  do  so  and  would  be 
glad  to  have  the  trade. 

* 

About  a  year  ago  we  gave  the  story  of  a  “horse 
company.”  A  very  slick  lot  of  horsemen  sold  a  young 
stallion  to  a  company  of  farmers — taking  notes  in 
payment.  We  gave  the  facts  about  this  horse  deal, 
and  this  started  up  memories  of  a  dozen  like  it.  Not 
one  of  them  that  we  could  learn  ever  turned  out 
profitably  for  the  farmers.  During  the  discussion  the 
promoters  put  up  a  fine  bluff  and  said  we  were  making 
good  business  for  them.  We  now  learn  that  this  ex¬ 
posure  practically  drove  them  out  of  the  State.  They 
could  not  find  a  hamlet  or  a  farmhouse  in  New 
York  where  The  R.  N.-Y.  had  not  gone  with  that 
horse  history.  The  paper  faced  them  at  every  turn. 
Y  et  they  could  not  say  we  misrepresented  the  facts. 
They  quit  the  State  and  went  South.  -Even  there, 
after  a  time,  the  same  thing  happened.  The  R.  N.-Y. 
had  carried  the  story  ahead  of  them  and  they  finally 
gave  it  up.  Now  all  we  ever  did  in  this  case  was  to 
give  the  plain  facts— just  as  they  were.  It  was  well 
known  to  people  on  the  inside  that  unsalable  horses 
have  been  worked  off  upon  farmers’  companies  at 
extravagant  figures.  In  one  case  a  horse  was  offered 
for  less  than  $700  and  refused.  He  afterward  sold 
for  over  $3,000  to  a  farmers’  company.  We  think  one 
of  the  most  legitimate  things  a  farm  paper  can  do  is 
to  print  the  facts  about  such  deals,  and  keep  putting 
on  a  plaster  of  printer’s-  ink. 

* 

Last  year  a  new  “Commerce  Court”  was  estab¬ 
lished.  The  suggested  plan  was  to  establish  a  court 
which  should  quickly  hear  cases  growing  out  of  de¬ 
cisions  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission.  Such 
cases  were  often  delayed  for  years.  During  the  dis¬ 
cussion  in  Congress  some  of  the  “Progressives” 
strongly  objected  to  this  court.  They  argued  that  it 
represented  the  method  of  the  railroad  to  nullify  the 
good  work  of  the  Commission.  As  things  have  turned 
out  it  looks  as  if  these  men  knew  what  they  were 
talking  about.  The  Court  has  just  reversed  two  im¬ 
portant  rulings  of  the  Commission.  One  was  a  case 
where  an  industrial  company  controlled  by  the  Chi¬ 
cago  Junction  Railroad  paid  $50,000  to  the  stockyards 
company.  The  Commission  decided  that  such  pay¬ 
ment  was  a  rebate — a  cunning  way  of  getting  back  to 
the  old  evil.  The  other  was  the  famous  long  and 
short  haul  decision  under  which  the  Commission  or¬ 
dered  the  railroads  to  reduce  certain  rates.  The 
Commerce  Court  has  reversed  these  orders  and 
granted  the  railroads  an  injunction!  The  opinion  is 
now  freely  expressed  at  Washington  that  this  Com¬ 
merce  Court  will  now  be  abolished.  The  people  will 
not  stand  for  any  backdown  in  the  fair  regulation  of 
railroad  rates  and  privileges.  If  the  Commerce  Court 

is  to  stand  for  the  former  abuses  it  will  be  brushed 
aside. 


BREVITIES. 

Topheayy — the  man  who  thinks  science  is  all  there  is 
to  farming. 

You  are  right.  The  man  who  changes  with  every  wind 
that  blows  works  in  vane. 

The  hog  or  the  horse  or  the  cow  ne’er  was  born  that 
can  make  all  the  bone  that  it  needs  out  of  corn. 

The  New  Zealand  postal  department  offers  to  supply 
settlers  with  rural  delivery  mail  boxes  at  $3.60  each. 

Ix  1909  32,573,343  cases  of  vegetables  and  5,350,015 
cases  of  fruits  were  canned  in  this  country.  All  eaten 
too ! 

A  reader  wants  to  know  if  he  can  safely  feed  the 
carcass  of  a  tuberculosis  cow  to  hens !  No — -not  unless 
it  is  thoroughly  boiled.  Far  safer  make  it  into  fertilizer. 

The  new  process  of  cutting  steel  with  a  flame  under 
high  pressure  did  in  75  minutes  what  would  have  re¬ 
quired  four  men  working  three  days  with  hammer  and 
chisel. 

The  suggested  remedy  for  white  grubs  is  to  flood  the 
land  in  Summer  when  the  insects  are  most  active.  That’s 
all  right  for  irrigated  land,  but  we  cannot  get  half  water 
enough  for  the  crops — say  nothing  of  grubs. 


1911. 


'THE  RURAL,  NKW -YORKER 


1170 


OTHER  PEOPLE  S  MONEY. 

A  friend  here  sent  me  a  Lewis  paper  in 
which  Lewis  made  such  a  blow  over  getting 
a  judgment  for  $30,000  I  saw  some  report 
of  it  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  at  the  time,  but  have 
not  learned  how  it  worked  out.  If  you  are 
free  to  tell  me,  I  would  like  to  know  how  it 
worked  out.  I  have  a  letter  from  a  friend 
at  Mack.  Colo.,  who  tells  me  Lewis  has  a 
number  of  victims  in  that  town. 

West  Virginia.  a  friend. 

The  R.  N.-Y.  is  free  to  tell  its  friends 
and  readers  anything  that  they  want  to 
know.  The  facts  about  the  Lewis  affairs 
are  these:  Subscribers  sent  us  small 
claims  to  collect  from  Lewis.  At  first 
he  paid  them;  but  as  the  claims  kept 
coming,  he  refused  to  pay.  In  all  we 
have  now  over  $100,000  claims.  About 
$2,000  was  collected.  When  he  refused 
payment  of  past  due  claims,  his  method 
of  getting  money  from  country  people 
was  investigated.  This,  with  the  stories 
told  by  his  victims,  indicated  that  he 
had  collected  about  $8,000,000  from 
country  people,  and  that  the  concerns 
on  which  the  money  was  collected  were 
apparently  insolvent.  They  have  since 
been  declared  bankrupt  by  the  Federal 
Court.  Our  claims  were  in  amount  just 
less  than  $2,000  each.  To  get  Jbem  into 
the  Federal  Court,  individual  claims 
must  exceed  $2,000.  Hence  we  could 
proceed  to  collect  only  in  the  local 
courts.  Different  attorneys,  however, 
told  us  that  Lewis  had  such  control  of 
local  political  affairs  in  his  county 
through  the  spending  and  use  of  the 
money  he  brought  there  from  the  coun¬ 
try  that  it  would  not  be  wise  to  attempt 
to  collect  the  claims  in  local  courts.  He 
could  cause  delays  and  expense  that 
would  not  be  justified,  especially  since  it 
was  not  probable  that  a  suit  could  be 
collected  even  if  judgment  was  finally 
entered.  If  that  was  all,  we  would  prob¬ 
ably  let  the  matter  rest,  until  he  had 
run  the  race  and  fell  of  his  own  weight. 
But  he  started  a  new  scheme  to  collect 
more  money  on  a  gigantic  scale,  telling 
the  people  that  about  $3,000,000  or  less 
of  debenture  notes  would  cover  all  the 
indebtedness  and  put  the  investors  in 
possession  of  property  worth  $9,000,000. 
Many  confiding  people  believed  him.  We 
knew  it  was  a  lie.  Three  of  the  com¬ 
panies  alone  would  require  $6,000,000, 
and  we  estimated  it  would  fake  ten  to 
twelve  millions  of  the  debentures  to 
cover  all  he  proposed  and  promised.  He 
was  urging  poor  country  people  to  put 
their  money  with  these  debentures  on 
the  promise  of  great  future  profits.  We 
showed  up  the  scheme  and  warned  our 
people  to  leave  the  debentures  alone. 

Fraud  orders  had  been  issued  against 
one  of  his  schemes  and  himself.  In  dis¬ 
cussing  his  schemes  we  said  inadver¬ 
tently  that  the  fraud  order  had  been 
issued  against  two  concerns.  He  brought 
a  libel  suit  in  the  name  of  the  company 
against  which  no  fraud  order  had  been 
issued.  The  way  this  suit  was  brought 
is  characteristic.  The  Missouri  law  pro¬ 
vides  that  summons  for  a  trial  in  the 
State  court  can  be  made  only  on  a  com¬ 
pany  or  firm  doing  business  in  the  State 
or  having  its  agent  there.  We  do  no 


business  in  the  State  and  have  no  agent 
there.  No  legal  or  rightful  service 
could  be  made  to  take  us  into  a  local 
court  in  St.  Louis  County.  The  Federal 
courts  or  New  York  State  courts  were 
rightly  open  to  him,  and  no  other  juris¬ 
diction  could  be  rightly  secured.  But 
Lewis  has  a  local  crony  as  an  ad¬ 
vertising  agent  or  broker.  This  crony 
at  one  time  acted  as  a  committee  or  judge 
to  award  prizes  in  a  lottery  scheme  con¬ 
ducted  by  Lewis,  by  which  Lewis  on  his 
own  admission  gathered  in  about  $200, (XX) 
from  women  and  children.  The  papers 
were  served  on  this  crony  as  if  he  were 
an  agent  of  ours,  though  he  had  no  au¬ 
thority  to  represent  us  in  any  way,  and  the 
orders  he  sent  us  for  his  fake  advertis¬ 
ing  were  invariably  returned.  This  bosom 
friend  of  Lewis  conveniently  went  to 
the  Lewis  offices  to  receive  the  papers, 
under  the  hollow  pretension  that  he 
was  an  agent  of  The  R.  N.-Y.,  yet  a 
return  was  made  to  the  court  as  if 
proper  service  had  been  made  on  us 
within  the  State  of  Missouri.  The 
court,  however,  held  the  case  on 
the  service.  Last  July  when  the  Grand 
Jury  was  about  to  indict  Lewis  and 
when  the  Federal  Court  was  about  to 
render  a  decision  of  a  suit  brought  by 
Claud  D.  Hall  to  secure  a  receiver  for 
all  the  Lewis  enterprises,  the  libel  suit 
came  up  for  trial.  This  happened  when 
I  was  laid  up  with  an  infected  abscess 
of  the  inner  ear,  and  if  all  St.  Loui$ 
were  at  stake  I  could  not  have  gone 
there  to  secure  it,  and  would  not  have 
attempted  it.  Affidavits  of  this  fact  were 
made  by  our  family  doctor  and  an  ex¬ 
pert  physician  and  forwarded.  We  did 
not  for  a  moment  think  that  any  court 
would  force  a  trial  under  such  circum¬ 
stances,  but  it  was  just  the  situation 
Lewis  wanted.  For  seven  years  Lewis 
has  denounced  conviction  without  fair 
trial,  and  demanded  with  great  effect 
his  right  to  a  day  in  court  and  a 
fair  open  trial.  But  he  forgot  it  all, 
and  demanded  trial  then  and  there  with 
no  one  but  an  attorney  on  the  side  of 
the  defense.  Not  a  witness  for  the 
defense  could  be  produced.  No  one  else 
was  familiar  with  the  circumstances  and 
the  facts.  The  Lewis  attorneys  had  it  all 
their  own  way.  The  Lewis  company  was 
insolvent,  and  was  thrown  into  bank¬ 
ruptcy  the  next  day  by  the  most  scath¬ 
ing  decree  that  was  ever  issued  from  a 
Federal  Court.  Not  a  dollar  of  damage 
was  proved  or  could  be  proved,  yet  they 
got  their  snap  verdict.  St.  Louis  men 
since  wrote  us  that  the  “Lewis  crowd” 
were  very  moderate,  as  they  could  have 
secured  any  verdict  they  wanted,  even 
probably  to  hanging.  If  this  is  not  liter¬ 
ally  true,  it  at  least  serves  to  show  the 
sentiment  of  business  men  at  their  own 
home. 

Of  course  the  attorneys  moved  for  a 
new  trial  at  once,  asking  that  we  be 
given  an  opportunity  to  be  present  and 
present  the  evidence  that  we  have  for  the 
record.  The  same  judge  heard  the  argu¬ 
ment,  and  reserved  decision  until  last 
week.  A  hearing  of  the  Lewis  grievances 


had  been  arranged  in  the  meantime  and 
beautifully  staged.  Liberal  fannings  of 
dust  were  thrown  into  the  air,  and  at¬ 
tention  entirely  diverted  from  the  main 
issue  of  the  Lewis  system  of  plundering 
country  people.  The  Lewis  cronies  and 
the  beneficiaries  of  his  schemes  were 
allowed  to  tell  their  stories  and  express 
their  opinions.  The  members  of  the  com¬ 
mittee  were  shown  expensive  and  idle 
buildings  built  by  poor  people’s  money. 
They  were  told  how  he  converted  a 
swamp  into  a  beautiful  landscape  resi¬ 
dence,  where  he  lives  surrounded  by 
every  comfort  and  luxury  that  easy 
money  provides.  They  saw  big  presses 
idle,  and  a  cork  factory  empty,  all  in 
debt  for  many  times  more  than  they  are 
worth.  The  committee  thought  it  all 
fine.  None  of  them  seems  to  ask  about 
the  poor  people  who  put  their  savings 
into  them  on  the  promise  of  wonderful 
profits  and  schemes  which  the  Federal 
Court  classed  as  monumental  swindles. 
The  affair  was  beautifully  staged.  It  is 
not  conceivable  that  the  Congressional 
committee  realized  the  part  they  played, 
or  rather  they  were  made  to  play.  It 
was  all  worked  very  skillfully,  and  to  the 
unthinking,  effectively,  but  we  have  not 
seen  a  single  word  of  evidence  to  justify 
the  attempted  sale  of  millions  of  worth¬ 
less  debentures  to  country  people  on 
promises  of  nine  millions  security.  But 
the  next  day  the  judge  denied  the 
request  for  a  new  and  fair  trial  of 
the  libel  case  on  its  merits.  The  case 
will  now  be  appealed  to  the  higher 
courts,  and  we  have  faith  enough  in  the 
institutions  of  this  country  and  of  its 
courts  to  believe  that  the  judgment  will 
be  reversed.  J.  J.  d. 


The  Grange  at  Columbus. 

I  road  the  Grange  editorial  on  page 
1098,  then  went  to  Columbus  and  attended 
State  Grange— three  days.  There  was  some 
little  grouch  thrown  on  minor  troubles;  but 
taking  it  in  all  its  phases,  it  was  a  very 
good  meeting,  and  had  some  meritorious 
features.  The  membership  and  the  dele¬ 
gates  were  largely  progressive,  while  the 
official  side  of  the  order  was  reactionary,  as 
all  ponderous  bodies  are  that  wish  to  per¬ 
petuate  their  official  existence.  This  desire 
is  none  the  less  noticeable  in  the  State 
Grange  than  in  other  bodies.  For  several 
instances,  members  of  official  standing  had 
been  charged  guilty  of  using  their  names 
as  members  of  executive  committees  or  of 
official  standing  in  the  Ohio  State  Grange, 
etc.,  in  offering  support  to  candidates  over 
the  State  for  election  to  the  coming  con¬ 
stitutional  convention,  and  got  a  good  drub¬ 
bing  for  the  free  use  of  the  Grange’s  repu¬ 
tation. 

Rut  when  the  national  body  comes  to¬ 
gether  the  whole  atmosphere  changes.  This 
body  is  ruled  by  absolute  despotic  author¬ 
ity,  so  much  so  that  even  an  outsider  can¬ 
not  secure  a  post  as  gate  keeper,  yet  one 
of  the  order  will  not  take  the  job  and  go 
back  to  his  State  tabbed  as  watchdog  at  the 
gate  of  the  National  Grange.  They  prefer 
to  employ  some  fellow  where  the  National 
is  to  be  held.  I  was  around  most  of  the 
time  at  the  National  meeting  in  Columbus, 
and  so  far  as  the  members  of  the  National 
order  were  concerned  they  knew  no  one 
who  did  not  wear  the  shoulder  straps  or 
regalia  of  that  particular  order  or  body. 
The  word  democratic  was  often  used  in 
the  meeting  as  a  symbol  of  its  liberality 
and  toleration.  If  there  is  an  organization 
to-day  in  America  that  savors  of  the  most 
arrogant  or  oligarchic  taint  it  is  the  body 


I  am  describing.  The  seclusive  hobnobbing 
of  the  Masters  from  the  States  in  threes 
and  fives  and  even  passing  each  other  in 
cold  lofty  estrangement  became  unbearable 
in  our  midst,  and  our  State  Grange  people 
left  the  city  in  disgust,  until  the  meeting 
dwindled  to  a  comfortable  handful.  So 
noticeable  and  contemptible  had  the  actions 
of  these  blue  bloods  become,  who  belong 
to  distant  and  neighboring  States,  that 
Ohio's  State  Master,  who  is  classed  as  a 
standpatter  and  reactionary,  took  the  tloor 
and  lambasted  the  whole  nest  of  them  for 
their  high-handed  actions  and  caucussing 
everlastingly  and  eternally,  and  making  the 
meeting  a  disgrace  to  the  State  and  nation. 
A  political  convention  in  Ohio,  only  larger, 
could  not  have  been  more  partisan  than  the 
standpatters,  and  had  not  there  developed 
two  other  factions,  the  insurgents  and  the 
middle-of-roaders,  there  would  have  been 
loads  of  fun.  Somehow  they  got  together 
and  kissed  for  this  year,  but  remember,  this 
don’t  count  if  the  insurgents  and  middle- 
of-roaders  get  together  next  year. 

Don’t  you  think  for  a  minute  that  the 
hatchet  is  buried,  for  the  handle  is  sticking 
out  ready  for  use.  It  will  be  necessary  to 
carry  the  war  into  Egypt.  s.  t. 


EXPRESS  INVESTIGATION.— Excessive 
delay  in  tracing  missing  shipments  anti 
settling  for  lost  or  damaged  ones  and  ex¬ 
orbitant  and  inconsistent  rates  were 
charged  against  the  express  companies  by 
witnesses  at  the  session  of  investigation  by 
Interstate  Commerce  Commissioner  Frank¬ 
lin  K.  Lane,  November  23.  Robert  IT.  Elm- 
endorf.  representing  the  Century  Company, 
publishers,  said  that  a  package  sent  to 
Richmond.  Va.,  did  not  reach  the  consignee 
and  that  it  took  the  United  States  Express 
Company  from  May.  1910,  to  March.  1911, 
to  find  out  that  it  had  been  delivered  to 
the  wrong  man.  .Tames  S.  Rush,  who  is  in 
the  bank  and  office  fixture  business,  said  a 
shipment  of  glass  was  broken  when  lie  re¬ 
ceived  it  in  Newark.  It  cost  him  $35.10 
to  duplicate  the  glass.  Agents  of  the  ex¬ 
press  company  advised  him  that  he  had  no 
claim  and  that  it  would  cost  more  than 
$35.10  to  carry  the  case  to  court,  but  after 
more  than  a  year  the  company  paid  him 
$25.  W.  IT.  Chandler,  assistant  manager 
of  the  transportation  department  of  the 
Roston  Chamber  of  Commerce,  had  prepared 
charts  indicating  that  in  many  instances 
the  express  rates  when  fixed  by  the  ex¬ 
press  companies  were  higher  than  when 
fixed  by  State  commissions.  As  for  rate 
raising.  Mr.  Chandler  said  there  was  a  big 
boost  in  1891,  amounting  in  some  schedules 
to  33  per  cent  over  the  figures  for  1887. 
In  1903  there  was  another  rise,  when  as 
much  as  20  per  cent  additional  was  tacked 
on.  Out  of  about  7.000  possible  changes 
between  4.000  and  5.000  rates  were  ad¬ 
vanced  and  less  than  30  were  reduced.  The 
English  parcel  charge.  Mr.  Chandler  said, 
is  considerably  less  than  the  charge  under 
the  graduate  system  of  the  United  States. 
Commissioner  Lane  seemed  interested  in 
the  testimony  of  Edward  J.  Pro  flit,  treas¬ 
urer  of  the  Providence  (R.  I.)  Parcel  Post 
Company,  regarding  the  cost  of  city  de¬ 
livery.  Mr.  Proffit’s  company  has  contracts 
for  gathering  packages  from  department 
stores  in  Providence  and  delivering  them 
through  a  central  depot.  For  one  of  tne 
stores  the  company  will  charge  5.1  cents  a 
package,  whereas  the  store  lias  been  pac¬ 
ing  6.87  cents.  Asked  by  Attorney  Fair- 
child  if  the  Company  could  be  as  efficient 
ns  the  express  companies  in  its  transpor¬ 
tation  and  delivery  service,  Mr.  Proffit  re¬ 
plied  “We  most  assuredly  can.” 


The  United  States  exports  $40,000,000 
worth  of  farm  implements  annually.  Reap¬ 
ing  machines,  including  mowers,  plows  and 
cultivators,  $8.000.000 ;  thrashers,  $2,500,- 
000;  and  miscellaneous  implements  of  prac¬ 
tically  every  kind  made,  account  for  the 
remaining  $9,500,000.  Cattle  feed  to  the 
value  of  $15,000,000,  chiefly  linseed  and 
cottonseed  products,  are  sent  to  Europe,  and 
the  fertilizer  exports,  including  phosphate 
rock,  are  about  $12,000,000.  Two  other 
large  items  are:  Hinder  twine,- $8,000,000 ; 
and  barbed  wire,  $5,000,000. 


The  Man  Behind  the  Plow 
Wants  a  Good  Fertilizer 

For  the  land’s  sake 
give  him  BOWKER’S 

Plowing1  is  hard  work.  Don’t  afterward  lose  its 
'benefits  by  using  a  poor  fertilizer.  Since  good  hard 
labor  is  necessary  to  get  the  land  ready,  it  would  be 
a  pity  to  have  the  crop  fail  to  yield  its  best  at  harvest 
time  through  any  lack  of  fertility. 

Forty  years  of  experience,  prompt  service,  the 
best  materials,  the  best  facilities  are  behind  every 
bag  of  Bowker’s  Fertilizer.  We  have  a  brand  to  fit 
every  crop  and  every  pocket  book. 

We  want  agents  wherever  we  are  not  now  represented. 
Write  today  for  prices  and  terms;  this  may  mean  a  good 
business  for  you  if  you  act  at  once. 

Write  anyhow  for  our  illustrated  catalogue  and  calendar. 

We  want  you  to  know  Bowker’s  before  you  buy  your  spring 
fertilizer. 


FERTILIZER  COMPANY, 
77  Lyman  St.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


BOWKER 

Original  and  largest  manufacturers  of  special  fertilizers. 


Get  Him  By  Telephone 

This  illustrates  one  of  the  countless  ways  a  telephone  will 
save  time  and  money.  If  you  haven’t  a  telephone  by  all 
means  get  one.  But  be  sure  your  telephone  is  a 

Western  'Ehctric 


TRADE  HARK 


Rural  Telephones 

— the  most  reliable  of  all  telephones.  They  are  made  in 
the  same  factory  and  by  the  same  telephone  engineers  as  the 
world-famed  “Bell”  telephone — the  recognized  standard  tele¬ 
phone.  Thousands  are  used  every  day  by  farmers  every  where. 

Mail  coupon  to  our  nearest  house  for  detailed 
information  about  Western  Electric  telephones 
and  how  to  secure  them  for  your  line . 


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CVBWKUmfROTlS 


WESTERN  ELECTRIC  COMPANY 

Manufacturers  of  Ibe  6,000,000  "Bell”  Telephones 


% 


New  York  Chicago 

Buffalo  Indianapolis 

Philadelphia  Cincinnati 

Boston  Minneapolis 

Pittsburg  St.  Paul 

Atlanta  Milwaukee 


Saint  Louis 
Kansas  City 
Denver 
Dallas 
Omaha 


San  Francisco 
Oakland 
Los  Angeles 
Seattle 

Salt  Lake  City 


Oklahoma  City  Portland 

Montreal  Toronto  Winnipeg  Vancouver  Antwerp  London 

Berlin  Paris  Johannesburg  Sydney  Tokyo  OASSSCoDflE? 


Address  the  house  nearest  you 

EQUIPMENT  FOR  EVERY  ELECTRICAL  NEED 


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1180 


December  9, 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

CHRISTMAS  SNOW. 

The  air  is  full  of  frozen  flowers ; 

The  snow,  the  snow  is  falling, 

And  all  the  voices  of  the  north 
Upon  the  winds  are  calling. 

Come,  high  winds,  low  winds,  sing  across 
the  snowing, 

Swells  and  falls  and  dying  lulls  and  wild 
breath  blowing ! 

Weird  realm  of  wonder  and  of  awe. 

With  ice  fields  darkly  crashing. 

Where  cohorts  of  the  cold  go  forth, 
With  great  auroras  flashing. 

Your  high  winds,  low  winds,  blow  across  the 
meadows. 

Blow,  with  all  your  bitter  will,  with  all 
your  eery  shadows. 

Blow,  you  dark  north,  over  hill  and  dale, 
With  many  a  mile  of  drifting. 

From  dawn  till  purple  twilight  blow, 
Swift,  swift  your  silver  sifting, 

Yet  sweet  world,  yet  glad  world,  despite 
the  stormy  singing, 

The  heart  of  all  the  earth  is  warm  while 
Christmas  bells  are  ringing! 

— Harriet  Prescott  Spofford  in  St.  Nich¬ 
olas. 

* 

A  variation  of  cranberry  sauce  is 
made  by  spicing  it  while  cooking.  To 
one  quart  of  cranberries  add  one  tea- 
spoonful  ground  cinnamon,  teaspoon¬ 
ful  ground  clove,  %  teaspoon  ful  ground 
allspice.  This  will  be  found  excellent 
with  venison  or  wild  fowl,  or  indeed 
game  of  any'  kind. 

* 

Beef  that  is  rather  tough  can  be  ren¬ 
dered  appetizing  by  stewing  in  tomatoes. 
Cut  in  pieces,  then  brown  the  meat  in 
hot  beef  drippings  to  which  a  little  sliced 
carrot  and  onion  has  been  added.  Put 
the  meat,  with  the  dripping  and  vege¬ 
tables,  into  a  stewpan,  add  a  can  of 
tomatoes,  a  bay  leaf,  and  seasoning  of 
salt  and  pepper,  then  simmer  slowly  for 
several  hours.  No  water  should  be  used. 
A  little  flour  and  butter  may  be  used 

for  thickening  if  desired. 

* 

Kate  Douglas  Wiggin  tells  about  a 
New  England  farmer’s  wife  who  had 
no  very  romantic  ideas  about  the  opposite 
sex.  She  was  hurrying  from  churn  to 
sink,  from  sink  to  shed,  and  back  to 
the  kitchen  stove,  when  asked  if  she 
approved  of  women’s  suffrage,  and  if 
she  wished  to  vote.  “No,  I  certainly  do 
not,”  she  exclaimed  with  a  vigorous 
movement  of  the  churn  dasher ;  “I  say 
if  there  is  any  one  little  thing  that  the 
men  folks  can  do  alone,  for  goodness 
sake,  let  ’em  do  it.” 

* 

Handbags  of  fur,  or  velvet  or  bro¬ 
cade  with  fur  trimming,  are  expensive 
novelties.  A  short-haired  fur  is  usually 
selected  and  is  mounted  with  metal,  and 
sometimes  trimmed  with  metal  lace  or 
embroidery.  Cord  is  used  for  handles, 
but  the  long  cord,  passing  over  the 
shoulder,  is  now  too  common  to  be  in 
favor  for  the  very  expensive  models. 
The  long  stocking  bag  with  sliding  rings, 
sometimes  jeweled,  is  revived  in  bro¬ 
cade  or  velvet.  Many  of  the  bags  have 
fringe  along  the  bottom.  One  advan¬ 
tage  of  the  fashion  for  quaint  bags  is 
that  one  can  so  often  make  one  of  an 
odd  piece  of  material,  and  thus  add  a 
stylish  finish  to  the  costume. 

* 

Delicate  buns  will  be  found  extra 
good.  The  rule  given  makes  a  good- 
sized  batch.  Mix  two  cupfuls  of  brown 
sugar  with  three  eggs.  Then  stir  in 
three  cupfuls  of  lukewarm  milk  and 
two-thirds  of  a  cupful  of  yeast.  Add 
just  enough  flour  to  make  a  light  sponge 
and  let  it  stand  until  morning.  Then 
add  half  a  cupful  of  melted  butter,  a 
teaspoonful  of  soda  and  as  much  flour 
as  will  make  it  quite  stiff  for  stirring 
with  a  spoon.  It  is  well  to  sift  the  soda 
with  some  of  the  flour  before  adding  to 
the  mixture.  Let  the  whole  rise  until 
very  light.  Then  roll  out  and  cut  into 
buns  and  put  them  into  the  pans.  Rub 
the  tops  with  melted  butter  and  sugar, 
let  them  rise  in  the  pans  and  bake  as 
usual. 


This  is  the  season  when  we  read  much 
about  the  time,  money  and  energy 
wasted  in  preparing  for  Christmas.  We 
are  told  that  people  spend  more  than 
they  can  afford,  that  they  give  merely 
for  the  sake  of  the  returns  they  receive 
and  that  they  use  up  the  energy  needed 
in  other  directions,  and  accumulate  envy, 
jealousy  and  ill-feeling  as  a  result  of 
their  efforts.  This  may  be  true — yet  it 
is  surely  unjust  to  blame  the  great  fes¬ 
tival  for  the  follies  of  poor  human 
nature.  A  woman  who  is  greedy,  or 
envious,  or  merely  silly,  will  show  these 
qualities  in  her  daily  avocations,  and  not 
merely  in  her  annual  gift-making.  A 
vast  majority  of  us  would  find  Christ¬ 
mas  giving  an  easy  task  if  it  were  not 
necessary  to  stretch  one  dollar  to  the 
size  of  ten;  yet  too  often  we  find  the 
prosperous  and  well-to-do  lamenting  the 
holiday.  Just  as  the  poor  widow  of  old 
shared  her  failing  oil  and  meal  with  the 
prophet,  so  struggling  workers  today 
feed  the  spirit  of  Christmas  joy  with 
the  gifts  born  of  love  and  self-denial, 
and  enrich  their  own  lives  by  the  giving. 
Let  Dives  lament  the  demands  made 
upon  him  if  he  will — we  know  he  is  the 
victim  of  his  own  false  ideals.  We  will 
offer  no  gift  that  is  not  dictated  by  real 
feeling,  and  count  any  sacrifice  thus  en¬ 
tailed  but  a  part  of  the  real  character¬ 
building  Christmas. 

The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  alzuays  give 
number  of  pattern  and  measurement  de¬ 
sired. 

The  coat  pattern  shown  is  made  with 
fronts  and  back  and  includes  shoulder 
and  under-arm  seams,  but  the  sleeves  are 
cut  in  one  with  the  body  portions.  The 
collar  is  made  in  sections  and  is  joined 
to  the  neck  and  front  edges  and  the  deep 
cuffs  finish  the  sleeves.  The  closing  can 
be  made  with  two  buttons  and  button¬ 


holes,  with  buttons  and  buttonholes  for 
the  entire  length,  or  with  braid  orna¬ 
ments,  as  liked.  For  the  medium  size 
will  be  required  yards  of  material 
27,  3  yards  44  or  52  inches  wide  with 
yard  44  or  52  inches  wide  for  revers 
and  cuffs.  Pattern  No.  7207  is  cut  in 
three  sizes,  small  34  or  36,  medium  38  or 
40,  large  42  or  44  inch  bust;  price  10 
cents. 

The  group  shows  very  attractive  un¬ 
derwear  patterns.  6941,  corset  cover 
with  straight  upper  edge.  34  to  44  bust. 
7068,  corset  cover  for  misses  and  small 
women.  14,  16  and  18  years.  7170,  prin¬ 
cess  slip,  34  to  44  bust,  with  round  or 


square  low  or  Dutch,  or  with  high  neck, 
with  long,  three-quarter  or  short  sleeves, 
or  without  sleeves  with  circular  or  gath¬ 
ered  flounce.  7159.  five-gored  petticoat, 


22  to  32  waist,  with  or  without  yoke 
with  inverted  plaits,  gathers  or  habit 
back,  with  straight  or  circular  flounce. 
6781,  girl’s  princess  slip,  6  to  12  years, 
with  round,  square  V-shaped  or  high 
neck,  with  or  without  sleeves.  Price  of 
each  pattern  10  cents. 


against  accident  when  driv¬ 
ing  along  dark  roads  is  one 
of  our  famous  Rayo  Driving 
Lamps. 

Rayo  Driving  Lamps  will 
not  blow  or  Jar  out. 

They  are  smaller  than 
other  driving  lamps/  but 
have  a  magnifying  power 
that  throws  a  bright  light 
many  feet  ahead,  while  the 
extra  large  ruby  disc  in  the 
rear  is  readily  discernible  in 
any  weather. 

Rayo  Driving  Lamps  are  fur¬ 
nished  with  double  side  bracket 
attachments,  to  fit  square  or  round 
posts.  They  can  be  used  on  all 
kinds  of  vehicles. 


In  addition  to  Driving 
Lamps,  the  Rayo  line  in¬ 
cludes  lanterns  of  all  styles, 
sizes  and  finishes — each  the 
best  of  its  particular  kind. 

All  are  equipped  with  select¬ 
ed  Rayo  globes,  with  wicks 
inserted  in  burners  ready  to 
light. 

Dealers  everywhere ;  or 
write  for  descriptive  circular  to  any  agency 
of  the 

Standard  Oil  Company 

(Incorporated) 


CHRISTMAS  BLANKETS  ^ 

Our  own  made,  pure  all  wool  blankets. 
Buy  them  for  Christmas  presents,  for 
your  Parents,  your  Children,  or  your 
friends.  These  blankets  come  in  pure 
white,  silver-grey,  and  scarlet;  also  in 
plaids,  black  and  white,  tan  and  white, 
yellow  and  white,  pink  and  white,  and 
blue  and  white. 

Size:— 114  '*  B.  &  K.” . $7.00  per  pair 

114  “  fluplaize  ” . 7.75  per  pair 

Plain  White.  "  XX  ” . 8.00  per  pair 

EXPRESS  CHARGES  PREPAID 

N.  WERTHEIMER  &  SONS. 

LIGONIER.  Ind. 


llpl  : 

L 

CUT  DOWN 

YOUR 

GROCERY  BILL 

THIS  FREE  BOOK  shows  you 
how  to  save  from  20  per  cent  to  50 
per  cent  on  all  your  groceries. 

Buy  your  groceries  direct  from 
us  and  save  from  twenty  to  fifty 
per  cent  of  what  you  are  now  pay. 
mg.  We  have  solved  the  “high 
cost  of  living**  problem  for  thou, 
sands  of  delighted  customers. 

Wo  buy  everything  in  enormous  quantities.  This 
means  rock  bottom  prices  —  prices  that  small  buyers 
cannot  get.  We  sell  direct  to  you  with  only  one  small 
profit  added.  We  save  you  all  the  “middlemen’s”  pro¬ 
fits  that  eat  up  so  much  of  your  money. 

All  our  groceries  are  full  measure—  absolutely  puie. 

WTrite  to-day  for  our  interesting,  money  saving  gro¬ 
cery  book.  It  is  book  No.  11.  It  is  free.  We  want  you 
to  compare  our  prices  with  those  you  are  now  paying. 

We  issue  the  grocery  book  every  two  months  and  will 
Bend  it  to  you  regularly. 

Below  is  a  partial  list  of  the  other  books  we  issue. 
They  contain  thousands  of  big,  money  saving  oppor¬ 
tunities.  No  matter  where  you  live  we  can  fill  all  your 
needs  and  save  you  an  amazing  amount  of  money.  No 
matter  what  it  is  you  want,  we  have  it.  We  can  save 
vou  many  dollars  on  everything  you  buy.  We  are  doing 
it  every  day  for  over  2.000,000  delighted  customers. 

Send  to-day  for  the  books  that  interest  you. 

Order  the  books  by  their  numbers. 

CHECK  OVER  THE  LIST  NOW 


1  Painta 

2  Pianos 

3  Organs 

4  Trunks 
6  Roofing 

6  Vehicles 

7  Fumitor* 

8  Incubators 

9  Wall  Paper 

10  Typewriters 

11  Grocery  List 

12  Feed  Cookers 

13  Tank  Heaters 

14  Wire  Fencing 

15  Carpets,  Rugs 

16  Building  Plans 


17  Baby  Carriages 

18  Men's  Fur  Coats 

19  Sowing  Machines 

20  Gasoline  Engines 

21  Cream  Separators 

22  Building  Material 

23  Stoves  and  Ranges 

24  Underwear  Sam¬ 
ples 

25  Automobile  Sup¬ 


plies 
IBi 


26  Bicycles  —  Motor¬ 
cycles 

27  Baby's  Dress  and 
Toilet 


28  Women's  Tailored 
Suits 

29  Circular  and  Drag 
Saws 

30  Women's  Fashion 
Books 

31  Rain  Coats,  Rub¬ 
ber  Coats,  etc. 

32  Tombstones  and 
Monuments 

33  Men’s  Clothing 

34  Women’s  Furs 

35  Dry  Goods 

36  Muslin  Wear 

37  Millinery 


Sign  jmd  Mail  Coupon  NOW! 
|""u;o  Montgomery  Ward  &  Co. 


Chicago  Avenue  Bridge 
CHICAGO 


19th  and  Campbell  Sts. 

KANSAS  CITY 

Please  send  to  my  address  below  books  Nos . 

absolutely  free  or  cost. 

Name . 

Post  Office . 

State . 

SEND  COUPON  TO  THE  NEARER  ADDRESS 


! 


Try  a  Kalamazoo  Stove 

l  .ff  1 17  C  in  y°ur 
r  IX  r.  P.  kitchen 
*  1  or  living- 

room  or  wherever  it’s  need¬ 
ed.  30  Days’  Free  Trial— then 
360  Days’  Approval  Test.  The 
Kalamazoo  must  make  good  to 
your  satisfaction. 
Cook  stoves,  rang¬ 
es,  heating  stoves, 
gas  stoves  —  400 
styles  and  sizes  to 
choose  from. 


Pay  At  Your 
Convenience 


Cash  or  credit,  just  as  you 
wish.  Ot  r  direct,  whole¬ 
sale,  factory  prices  save  you  $5  to  $40  over 
the  very  best  price  your  dealer  could  make. 
We  prepay  freight.  The  stove  Is  one  you’ll  be 
proud  to  own— the  genuine  Kalamazoo 
—stove  standard  of  the  country  for 
years.  Made  i  ts  own  way  and  proved  ita 
superiority  in  170,000  American  homes. 

A  Postal  Brings  The 
Big  Stove  Book 

Your  copy  ready— the  biggest,  most 
valuable  book  on  stoves.  You  can’t 
aiford  to  bo  without  it— packed  with 
money-saving,  lnsido  stove  facts. 
Wo  will  Bhip  stove  the  day  the  order  comes — 
always  within  24  hours.  When  you  write 
ask  for  Catalogue  No.  114,  giving  prices 
k  and  easy  terms.  < 

Kalamazoo  Stove  Co., 
Manufacturers 
Kalamazoo  •  Mich. 


A  Kalamazoo  &£ 

Direct  to  You  To 


H?ow  get  better  light 

From  KEROSENE  (Coal  Oil) 

Recent  test  by  Prof.  Rogers,  Lewis  Institute,  Chicago,  and 
Prof.  McKergow,  McGill  University  Montreal,  on  leading  oil- 
burning  lamps  show  the  Aladdin  Mantle  Lamp  is  the  most 
economical  and  gives  over  twice  as  much  light  as  the 
Kayo  and  other  lamps  tested.  It  is  odorless,  safe,  clean, 
noiseless.  Better  light  than  gas  or  electric.  Every  Aladdin 
Lamp  fully  guaranteed  and  protected  by  patents  In  nearly 
every  country  on  earth.  Our  burners  lit  your  old  lamps. 
To  introduce  the  Aladdin,  we  will  give  ■■■%■■  BB 

ONE  LAMP  or  BURNER  FREE 

in  each  neighborhood.  Send  postal  with  name  and  address, 
ask  for  cat-  AHPNTC  Ball  sold  over  1000  on  money  hack 
alogue  M.  HUEHIO  guarantee;  not  one  returned. 
Bruner  sold  8800  In  IB  days.  Ask  for  liberal  agency  proposi¬ 
tion.  Sample  lamp  furnished. 

MANTLE  LAMP  COMPANY,  113  Aladdin  Building,  Chicago,  Ill. 


Electric  Lights  make  the  brightest,  safest, 
cleanest  and  most  reliable  lighting  system 
known  for  farms  and  country  homes.  The 
Dayton  Electric  Lighting  Outfits  are  low  in 
cost,  easy  to  install,  cost  almost  nothing  to 
operate.  Give  you  better  lights  than  most  city 
people  enjoy.  Write  today  for  complete  illus¬ 
trated  catalog  showing  outfits,  fixtures,  etc. 

DAYTON  ELECTRICAL  MFG.  CO. 
231  St.  Clair  Street  Dayton,  Ohio 


O^XmasandNew  Year  post  IIV 

fcw  INCLUDING  GOLDandSILVER  EMBOSSED  CARDS  uflllBO  I WW 

The  finest  lot  of  Xmas  Cards  we  ever  offered.  All  different, every  one  richly 
every  card  with  a  Christmas  Greeting-  on  it.  All  styles  of  Xmas 
Scenes,  Holly,  Santa  Claus,  Reindeer,  Winter  Scenes, etc.  Send  your  orders 
we  are  specialists  in  Season  Cards.  IJiggestand  best  Christmas  Card 

sent  free.  ELLIS  ART  CO.,  Dept.  617,  638  Lawndale  Ave., Chicago. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


My  Christmas  Shopping  in  Colorado. 

It  was  Monday,  and  only  two  days 
before  Christmas.  The  weather  had 
been  so  unsettled  that  I  had  not  consid¬ 
ered  it  safe  or  prudent  to  take  the 
children  out,  so  I  had  put  off  my  Christ¬ 
mas  shopping  until  this  late  hour  in  order 
that  1  might  leave  them  safe  at  home 
with  their  aunt  when  she  should  be 
with  us  for  her  holiday  vacation.  Her 
school  was  out  on  Friday,  she  came 
up  from  the  city  on  Saturday,  remained 
with  a  friend  over  night  and  Charles 
Winfield  brought  her  home  Sunday. 
There  was  nothing  for  me  to  do  but  go 
to  town  Monday  or  Tuesday. 

“Charles  Winfield,”  I  sa:d  on  Monday 
morning,  “can’t  you  take  me  to  town  to¬ 
day?” 

"Why,  I  should  be  glad  to  take  you,” 
he  said,  “but  I  don’t  believe  you  ought 
to  go  to-day.  The  wind  is  roaring  in 
the  hills,  and  I  am  afraid  we  are  going 
to  have  the  most  violent  storm  we  have 
had  this  year.” 

“But  I’m  so  afraid  if  I  don’t  go  to¬ 
day  it  will  be  sure  to  blow  to-morrow 
so  I  can’t  go  at  all  and  I  should  be  so 
dreadfully  disappointed  to  have  nothing 
for  the  children.  Don't  you  suppose 
we  could  go  and  get  back  before  it  be¬ 
gins  to  blow  here  if  we  start  right 
away  ?” 

“I’m  afraid  not,  but  we  will  try  if  you 
feel  that  you  must.”  And  I  made  haste 
to  get  ready. 

At  the  last  moment  Toodles  asked  so 
wistfully  if  he  might  go  that,  though 
I  had  planned  to  leave  him  at  home, 

I  weakened  as  I  thought  of  the  Christ¬ 
mas  displays  at  the  shops,  and  how  he 
would  enjoy  them,  and  asked  his  father 
if  we  might  take  him,  to  which  he  very 
reluctantly  consented.  As  we  started 
we  could  hear  the  roaring  of  the  wind 
in  the  mountains  as  it  lashed  the  thick 
pines  and  swept  down  the  canyons, 
through  deep,  rock-walled  gorges  and 
around  huge  ledges.  At  times  it  re¬ 
sembled  the  steady,  ominous  rumble  of 
a  distant  train  of  cars.  Now  it  was  like 
the  booming  of  a  furious  storm  at  sea. 
In  its  less  frenzied  moments  it  re¬ 
minded  one  of  the  deep,  hoarse  bellow¬ 
ing  of  an  angry  bull  as  he  challenges 
another  to  combat.  Great  dark  cloud 
banks  loomed  above  the  mountain  tops. 
Where  we  were  the  air  was  so  still  it 
did  not  seem  possible  that  the  storm 
could  break  upon  us  for  hours.  The 
puffing  of  an  engine  five  miles  away 
could  be  distinctly  heard.  Except  for 
the  roaring  in  the  mountains  and  the 
wind  clouds  it  gave  promise  of  a  perfect 
day,  but  we  had  gone  less  than  half  a 
mile  when  the  storm  overtook  us,  burst¬ 
ing  upon  us  with  the  fury  of  a  hurri¬ 
cane,  filling  our  eyes  and  nostrils  with 
dust  and  gravel,  blinding  and  nearly  suf¬ 
focating  us.  Small  Boy  wore  a  thick 
veil  so  I  felt  that  he  was  quite  well  pro¬ 
tected,  but  mine  was  thin  and  unsecurely 
fastened,  affording  me  no  protection 
whatever,  the  dust  driving  through  its 
thin  meshes  and  the  sharp  pebbles  cutting 
mv  face.  But  Charles  Winfield  was  get¬ 
ting  the  worst  of  it,  for  whatever  hap¬ 
pened  he  must  keep  his  eyes  open 
enough  to  see  where  we  were  going,  and  * 
control  the  horses.  He  jammed  his  hat 
down  with  one  hand  and  with  the  other 
held  grimly  to  the  reins.  The  horses 
slackened  their  pace  to  a  walk  and 
plodded  laboriously  along  with  their 
heads  down.  The  wind  blew  a  perfect 
gale,  making  our  progress  very  slow 
and  difficult.  Occasionally  a  gust 
came  with  such  terrific  force  as  nearly 
to  bring  the  horses  to  a  dead  stop.  With 
each  gust  the  storm  grew  stronger.  I 
wished  heartily  that  we  were  under  the 
shelter  of  our  own  roof,  or  at  least  that 
the  small  boy  were.  As  we  approached 
a  bridge  it  seemed  as  though  we  should 
be  lifted  bodily  into  the  ditch  below. 
Our  horses,  blinded  and  bewildered, 
staggered  and  lunged  forward,  the 
buggy  quivered  as  if  it  would  dissolve 
beneath  us ;  with  the  greatest  difficulty 
Charles  Winfield  kept  the  horses  to  the 
bridge,'  and  we  crawled  totteringly  over. 
We  had  passed  a  dangerous  place  in 
safety  and  were  driving  down  a  slight 
depression  on  the  smooth  prairie  when 
we  felt  ourselves  being  lifted  off  the 
ground,  buggy  and  all.  As  it  tilted  to 
one  side  I  felt  Charles  Winfield  throw 
himself  hard  against  the  wind  on  his 
side  of  the  buggy,  but  seeing  that  it  was 
useless,  with  one  mind  we  cleared  our¬ 
selves  of  the  robes.  Gathering  the 
reins  more  firmly  Charles  stood  up 
straight,  gave  a  spring,  clearing  us  neat¬ 
ly  and  landing  on  his  feet  on  the  lee¬ 
ward  side  of  the  vehicle.  I  held  Toodles 
tightly  with  one  arm  and  we  rolled 
gently  out  as  the  buggy  turned  on  its 
side.  I  struck  on  my  knee  and  rolled 
over,  Toodles  stood  on  his  head  and 
turned  a  complete  somersault.  Having 
on  a  thick  hood  and  overcoat  he  was 


not  the  least  bit  hurt  and  not  one  of  us 
received  so  much  as  a  scratch  or  a 
bump.  The  horses  were  frightened  at 
our  unseemly  conduct  and  started  to 
run,  but  a  reassuring  word  from  Charles 
Winfield  and  his  firm  hold  on  the  lines 
quieted  them  and  they  stood  still  while 
we  shouted  to  each  other  above  the 
hovvling  of  the  wind.  When  we  had 
satisfied  ourselves  that  no  bones  were 
broken  nor  any  other  injuries  sustained, 
I  made  Small  Boy  lie  flat  upon  the 
ground  while  I  gathered  up  the  robes, 
my  shopping  bag  and  a  basket  of  eggs 
(only  one  of  which  was  broken),  that 
had  been  scattered  about  in  the  confu¬ 
sion.  It  was  some  time  before  we  could 
do  anything  but  remain  where  we  were. 
Meanwhile  Small  Boy  and  I  lay  flat 
upon  the  ground  with  our  faces  down 
like  camels  in  a  desert  sandstorm. 
Charles  braced  himself  against  the  wind 
and  held  the  horses.  We  were  out  in 
the  open  prairie,  with  not  a  tree,  a 
stump  nor  a  fence  post  to  afford  shelter 
for  ourselves,  a  place  to  tie  the  horses 
or  anchor  the  buggy.  The  question  that 
was  agitating  our  minds  was  how  we 
were  going  to  get  home.  To  proceed 
was  obviously  out  of  the  question ;  to 
return  seemed  equally  impossible.  We 
were  now  two  miles  from  home.  If 
we  left  the  buggy  it  would  be  blown 
about  and  broken  irreparably.  If  we 
got  into  it  we  ran  the  risk  of  being 
blown  over  again  and  perhaps  seriously 
hurt.  We  could  not  ride  the  horses, 
hitched  as  they  were  to  a  vehicle;  but 
get  home  we  must.  I  bundled  every¬ 
thing  under  the  seat,  climbed  up  into  the 
back  end  of  the  buggy,  letting  my  feet 
hang  out  behind,  prepared  to  jump  if 
it  threatened  to  upset  again  and  took 
Toodles  up  beside  me.  Charles  Winfield 
walked,  holding  on  to  the  side  of  the 
huggy  with  one  hand  and  driving  with 
the  other.  Tn  this  way  we  made  slowly 
and  painfully  toward  home.  The  hair 
on  the  horses’  backs  blew  up  in  little 
rows  and  turned  the  wrong  way.  My 
veil  blew  off  and  we  made  no  effort 
to  recover  it.  All  the  time  the  wind 
shrieked  and  howled.  Conversation 
was  out  of  the  question.  We  were  not 
in  a  mood  for  conversation  anyway.  I 
never  traveled  such  a  long  two  miles, 
but  we  reached  home  at  last.  Eleanor 
had  been  at  the  window,  T  think,  ever 


since  we  had  started  away.  Charles 
Winfield  said  not  a  word.  He  contented 
himself  with  casting  upon  me  occasion¬ 
ally  a  glance  out  of  the  corners  of  his 
eyes  and  smiling  a  little,  a  way  he  has 
when  he  thinks  I  have  been  a  bit  way¬ 
ward  or  strong-minded.  A  henpecked 
man  is  Charles  Winfield,  but  one  of 
those  glances  and  one  of  those  smiles  is 
quite  as  effective  as  many  words.  We 
wiped  the  sand  from  each  other’s  eyes 
(it  required  several  handkerchiefs  and 
a  few  other  articles),  and  thanked  the 
Providence  which  cares  for  children  and 
another  class  of  mortals  who  are  not 
children  but  exercise  the  judgment  of 
children.  Some  people  call  them  fools. 

The  next  day  was  calm  and  fair  and 
Charles  Winfield  cheerfully  and  oblig¬ 
ingly  hitched  up  the  team  and  took  me 
to  town  to  do  my  Christmas  shopping. 

JESSIE  I.  CARPENTER. 

Vegetable  Dishes. 

Sweet  Potato  Ribbons. — Pare  six  po¬ 
tatoes  and  let  stand  in  cold  water  one 
hour,  then  wipe  and  with  a  sharp  knife 
pare  round  and  round  in  a  continuous 
strip  without  breaking ;  drop  in  boiling 
lard  and  fry  a  delicate  brown;  put  on  a 
sieve  to  drain  and  when  ready  to  serve 
sprinkle  with  salt. 

Curried  Tomatoes. — Wash  one  coffee- 
cupful  of  rice  well,  then  open  a  quart 
can  of  tomatoes  and  have  your  baking 
dish  ready,  putting  in  alternate  layers 
of  tomatoes  and  the  uncooked  rice,  sea¬ 
son  with  one  tablespoonful  of  minced 
ham,  one  teaspoonful  of  minced  parsley; 
on  the  top  layer  sprinkle  cracker  crumbs 
and  dots  of  butter  and  bake. 

Cabbage  au  Gratin.- — Cook  one  quart 
of  shredded  cabbage  20  minutes  in  salted 
boiling  water.  Drop  the  cabbage  a  little 
at  a  time  into  the  boiling  water  so  that 
the  water  does  not  stop  boiling  and 
leave  the  kettle  uncovered  and  the  odor 
will  not  be  noticed.  Drain.  Make  a 
cream  sauce  by  cooking  one  tablespoon- 
ful  of  butter  and  a  tablespoon ful  of  flour, 
saltspoonfu)  of  salt  and  dash  of  -pepper, 
and  stirring  into  it  a  cup  of  milk  until 
it  thickens.  Put  alternate  layers  of  the 
cabbage,  cream  sauce  and  grated  cheese 
in_  a  baking  dish,  having  cheese  and 
grated  bread  crumbs  over  the  top.  Bake 
a  light  brown. 


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1 1 82 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


December  9, 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

CARE  OF  YOUNG  HEIFER. 

I  have  a  Holstein  heifer,  will  be  two 
years  old  next  March.  I  expect  her  to 
freshen  about  April  1 ;  is  good  size.  Will 
you  tell  me  how  she  should  be  fed  during 
the  Winter  and  Spring?  I  have  good  hay, 
Timothy,  clover,  oats  and  peas  and  sweet 
corn  stalks,  and  plenty  of  mangels. 

Pennsylvania.  l.  d. 

The  most  common  mistake  made  in  devel¬ 
oping  a  heifer  is  in  not  recognizing  the 
fact  that  she  is  actually  a  cow,  and  needs 
caring  for  the  same  as  any  cow.  and  imag¬ 
ining  that  she  needs  a  special  looking 
after,  or  its  extreme,  no  care,  and  that 
any  odds  and  ends  are  good  enough  feed ; 
also  that  she  needs  to  “rough  it”  to  make 
her  hardy,  and  cause  her  to  “take  hold  ' 
of  her  feed  without  any  signs  of  dainti¬ 
ness.  All  this  last  is  wholly  wrong,  and 
has  no  part  in  the  proper  developing  of  a 
heifer.  First,  hardiness  and  constitution 
are  born  with  a  calf,  never  supplied  after, 
so  that  when  the  calf  is  dropped  if  it  is 
fully  developed,  active,  a  full  mouth  of 
teeth,  and  goes  right  after  its  dairy 
lunch,  you  may  count  on  a  healthy,  hardy 
animal  in  after  years,  if  well  housed,  and 
cared  for. 

A  heifer  should  always  be  kept  growing, 
and  never  suffer  for  the  needed  amounts 
of  food  daily  to  make  it  grow,  but  never 
in  such  abundance  as  to  “stuff  it,”  cloy  its 
appetite,  and  upset  its  digestion.  I  am  a 
firm  believer  in  feeding  regularly ;  feed 
what  it  can  eat  in  a  certain  time,  give  it 
full  time  for  digestion  before  again  feeding, 
and  see  it  comes  to  be  fed  with  a  desire  to 
eat.  not  have  to  be  coaxed  with  chocolate 
drops.  From  calfhood  to  the  first  calf,  feed 
in  kind  much  as  one  would  the  milch  cow, 
and  care  and  shelter  the  same.  This  in¬ 
quirer  names  a  fine  lot  of  feeds  to  feed  the 
heifer  in  question.  They  are  all  dairy 
food  but  the  Timothy  hay,  in  place  of  which 
silage  would  be  much  better,  cut  roots 
with  Timothy  hay  betters  the  ration.  One 
thing  must  be  kept  in  mind;  make  the 
grasses,  the  clover  hay,  and  fodder  gener¬ 
ous  enough  to  develop  capacity  to  store 
food,  which  cannot  be  done  with  concen¬ 
trated  rations,  and  in  the  Winter  nothing 
equals  this  like  the  bulky,  quickly  digested 
silage. 

This  heifer,  now  within  five  weeks  of 
freshening,  would  best  be  put  with  the 
other  cows  in  the  stable,  and  given  her 
stall  and  manger.  Feed  her  as  you  do  the 
other  cows,  but  not  so  generously ;  feed 
to  her  normal  capacity.  Feed  her  a  fair 
amount  of  the  oatmeal,  some  pea  meal,  and 
all  the  clover  hay  she  will  eat  in  an 
hour  and  a  half  or  so  three  times  a  day, 
possibly  somewhat  less  at  noon.  As  this 
heifer  is  not  only  carrying  her  calf,  but  will 
soon  begin  to  develop  the  udder,  I  would 
after  New  Years  give  her  a  half  pound 
of  oil  meal  a  day  to  help  her  make  good, 
rich  blood  and  much  of  it,  and  with  her 
oatmeal  develop  her  nerve  power  by  sup¬ 
plying  the  material  out  of  which  to  make 
good  red  meat.  Three  or  possibly  four 
pounds  a  day  of  the  mixed  grain  would  be 
about  right,  and  if  part  of  it  was  cornmeal. 
it  would  do  no  hurt,  as  it  supplies  animal 
heat  as  does  no  other  food.  I  would  see 
that  she  was  free  of  body  parasites,  and 
was  gone  over  now  and  then  with  a 
card.  It  will  be  found  more  productive 
of  animal  magnetism  than  the  electricity 
absorbed  from  a  wire  fence,  on  a  cold  day. 

This  heifer  can  be  taught,  long  before 
she  calves,  that  she  is  to  all  intent  a  real 
cow,  and  will  never  be  compelled  to  go 
through  what  some  call  “breaking.”  Han¬ 
dle  her.  learn  her  milch  cow  ways,  to 

“hist.”  handle  her  udder,  but  do  not  play 
milking.  When  the  other  cows  are  fed, 

give  her  portion.  One  thing  we  always 
do  before  she  comes  in ;  oil  her  udder, 
using  a  good  grade  of  auto  oil.  and  just 
before  she  calves,  when  her  udder  becomes 
full  and  distended,  and  shows  hardening, 
give  it  a  good  oiling  and  rub  it  in.  It 

will  shut  off  the  air.  mellow  the  tissues, 
and  prevent  “caking,”  the  real  “terror”  of 
the  young  heifer.  Be  sure  she  has  a  box 
stall,  or  separate  pen.  in  time  for  the  ex¬ 
pected  arrival,  and  after  the  event  give 
her  a  pail  of  quite  warm  water  with  some 
shorts  mixed  in  to  warm  her  up.  As  soon 
as  the  calf  is  on  its  feet,  and  before  it 

can  suck  tie  it  in  front  of  her.  Do  not 
let  it  suck  !  You  milk  the  heifer  and  she 
will  never  then  know  that  there  is 
any  other  way.  Give  the  milk  to  the  calf. 
It  will  never  know  that  there  is  any  other 
way  to  get  its  dinner. 

In  a  few  hours  take  the  calf  entirely  out 
of  her  sight,  and  the  second  time  you  milk 
her  she  has  forgotten  that  she  has  a  calf, 
and  adopts  you  on  trust  in  its  place.  For 
a  few  days  drop  off  on  the  heifer’s  feed 
to  some  extent  until  after  things  have  be¬ 
come  all  right,  then  add  feed  gradually 
and  you  will  find  that  you  have  a  cow 
on  your  hands,  instead  of  a  wild  heifer. 
In  about  100  days  the  heifer  will  show 
signs  of  shrinking.  Adam’s  old  cows  dried 
off  at  that  period,  and  every  heifer  ever 
since  has  tried  to  do  the  same.  Then  Is 
the  time  to  add  the  extra  feed,  and  keep 
up  the  flow.  Milk  her  12  months,  however 
small  the  mess  then.  Do  not  have  her 
freshen  sooner  than  15  months  the  second 
time.  Will  she  turn  out  a  high  class  cow? 
I  cannot  tell  how  well  she  was  born, 
what  the  influences  of  her  heredity,  what 
the  family  traits  were  of  milk  giving,  or 
how  many  great  records  her  relatives  have 
made.  The  number  of  letters  taken  to  spell 
their  names  has  nothing  to  do  in  the  mat¬ 
ter.  It  is  breeding  from  milking  lines  and 
developing  care  that  tells  the  final  story. 

Ohio.  JOHN  GOULD. 


Thin  Horse. 

I  have  an  old  horse — teeth  not  very  good 
— have  had  veterinary  work  on  them.  His 
feed  is  corn  chop  and  bran,  with  a  little 
linseed  oil  meal.  I  wish  to  try  Fowler’s 
solution  of  arsenic  and  write  to  ask  amount 
of  dose,  how  often  to  give  it  and  how  to 
feed  it.  c.  e.  d. 

Missouri. 

Do  not  give  arsenic  to  any  well  horse. 
It  is  given  in  heaves  or  for  other  troubles 
affecting  the  “wind.”  A  quart  of  black 
strap  molasses  thinned  with  three  quarts  of 
hot  water  and  stirred  up  with  cut  hay, 
cornmeal  and  wheat  bran  and  fed  night  and 
morning  will  do  far  more  good  in  plumping 
a  thin  horse.  Feed  whole  oats  at  noon  and 
long  hay  at  night. 


SERUM  FOR  HOG  CHOLERA. 

I  was  interested  in  the  article  on  page 
1072  in  regard  to  serum  treatment  for  hog 
cholera.  Probably  Mr.  Duekwall  is  correct 
if  his  statements  are  applied  to  Ohio  only, 
but  we  have  been  all  through  this  hog 
cholera  business  here  and  we  are  vaccinat¬ 
ing  all  pigs  born  now  when  they  are  about 
four  weeks  old.  \Ye  have  no  trouble  in 
getting  the  serum  from  the  State  Veter¬ 
inary  College,  and  it  has  been  nearly  two 
years  now  since  we  have  had  a  case  of 
cholera  here.  When  Mr.  Duekwall  states 
that  the  serum  is  only  supplied  to  farms 
where  cholera  actually  exists  he  is  cer¬ 
tainly  mistaken,  as  we  treated  40  pigs  one 
day  last  week.  We  now  have  230  pigs 
here  and  they  are  the  finest  lot  I  ever 
raised.  c.  s.  greexe. 

In  regard  to  Mr.  Greene's  communication 
there  are  thousands  of  corn  belt  farmers 
who  would  think  his  conditions  fortunate 
indeed.  Throughout  the  States  of  Ohio, 
Indiana,  Illinois,  Iowa  and  Missouri  the 
supply  of  serum  is  so  far  behind  the  de¬ 
mand  that  carload  after  carload  of  half  fat 
hogs,  shotes  and  even  pigs  have  been  sent 
to  market  owing  to  nearness  of  cholera 
and  lack  of  means  of  treating  them.  I 
hope  the  time  will  soon  come  when  the 
corn  belt  farmer  can  use  the  serum  as  a 
preventive  just  as  Mr.  Greene  describes,  but 
the  time  has  not  yet  arrived.  I  enclose  a 
clipping  which  will  partly  corroborate  my 
assertions,  and  a  visit  to  any  of  the  hog 
markets  of  the  corn  belt  will  thoroughly 
substantiate  my  statements.  The  farms 
where  the  hogs  have  been  treated  in  the 
last  two  years  are  free  from  disease  but 
the  infection  has  been  started  from  new 
centers  and  the  disease  has  spread  more 
rapidly  than  the  serum  could  be  secured  to 
treat  them.  w.  e.  duckwall. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  clipping  mentioned  by  Mr. 
Duckwall  (an  official  bulletin  from  the 
Ohio  Department)  states: 

“Up  to  this  time  it  has  been  the  policy 
of  the  Board  to  furnish  serum  to  the 
farmer  at  cost  of  production,  and  to  furnish 
services  of  field  veterinarian  to  administer 
this  serum  free  of  charge.  In  order  to 
keep  pace  with  increased  demands,  an  army 
of  veterinarians  would  have  to  be  employed 
and  paid  by  the  State.  At  a  recent  meet¬ 
ing  of  the  Board,  a  change  of  policy  was 
voted.  Hereafter  serum  will  be  supplied 
by  the  Department  to  those  in  need  of  it 
and  local  veterinarians  will  administer  it. 
These  local  veterinarians  should  inform  and 
qualify  themselves  to  do  this  work.  If 
well  done,  there  can  be  no  doubt  as  to  good 
results.  The  present  manufacture  of  serum 
is  conducted  on  a  rented  farm  of  only  a 
few  acres.  The  capacity  of  same  is  far 
from  being  sufficient  to  supply  the  demand.” 


Blanket  Tearing. 

Could  you  tell  me  any  way  or  anything  to 
put  on  a  stable  blanket  to  stop  a  horse  from 
tearing  it  off?  My  horse  tears  his  blanket 
no  matter  how  well  I  surcingle  it,  also 
street  blanket.  s.  D. 

Connecticut. 

It  is  necessary  to  muzzle  such  a  horse 
when  blanketed  as  the  vice  proves  incurable 
in  a  majority  of  cases.  We  cannot  suggest 
a  remedy  for  the  vice.  a.  s.  a. 


Be  a  Horse  Trainer! 

$1,200  to  $3,000  a  Year  at  Home  or  Traveling 

Prof.  Jesse  Beery,  world-famous  King  of  Horse 
Trainers  and  Tamers,  will  sendyou  a  copy  of  his  won¬ 
derful  Horse-Troiner'e  Prospectus. 

Every  man  who  wants  to 
get  into  a  money-making 
profession;  every  owner  of 
kicking,  tricky,  vicious, 
scary,  balky  colts  or  horses, 
should  write  for  it. 

Prof.  Beery  was  tremen¬ 
dously  successful  giving  ex¬ 
hibitions  of  his  marvelous 
skill  in  training  horses  and 
mastering  man-kill ingstal- 
lions.  He  traveled  all  over 
the  United  States  thrilling 
vast  audiences  everywhere.  He  has  now  retired  from 
the  arena  and  is  giving  the  world  the  benefit  of  his 
priceless  knowledge. 

The  career  of  a  professional  horse  trainer  offers 
remarkable  money-making  opportunities  at  home  or 
traveling.  Men  who  have  mastered  Prof.  Beery’s 
Syatom  are  making  all  the  way  from  $1,200  to  $3,000  a  year. 
Owners  gladly  pay  $15  to  $25  a  head  to  have  vicious,  tricky  horses 
broken  of  bad  habits  or  to  have  green  colts  properly  brokon. 

Prof.  Beery's  graduates  make  loads  of  money  giving  exhi¬ 
bitions.  Many  now  own  profitable  training  stables.  Some  are 
getting  rich  buying  up  cast-off  kickers,  tricksters  and  horses 
“afraid -of -autos' 1  cheap,  handling  them  a  few  days  and  sell¬ 
ing  at  tremendous  profit. 

There  is  lots  of  money  in  breaking  colts  and  curing  horses 
of  bad  habits.  The  field  is  unlimited. 

Horse-Trainer’s  Prospectus  Free!  Are  you  ambitions 
to  make  money?  Follow  tho  teachings  of  Prof,  Boery  and  be¬ 
come  a  horse  trainerl  Write  fortho  Horse-Trainer's  Prospectus 
today  1  It  is  FREE!  Tell  me  all  about  your  horse.  Address 

PROF.  JESSE  BEERY,  Box  57-A.  Pleasant  Hill,  Ohio 


Rah’I  Pii*  flill  A  SHOE  BOID,  CAPPED 
lion  I  bill  UUI  HOCK  or  BURSITIS  FOR 


^BSORBINE 


will  remove  them  and  leave  no 
blemishes.  Cures  any  puff  or 
swelling.  Does  not  blister  or 
remove  the  hair.  Horse  can  be 
worked.  $2.00  per  bottle  delivered. 

Book  6  E  free. . 

ABSORBINE,'jR.,  liniment 
for  mankind.  For  Boils,  Bruises, 

Old  8ores,  Swellings,  Goitre,  Varicose 
Veins,  Varicosities.  Allays  Pain. 

Price  $1  and  $2  a  bottle  at  druggists  or  delivered. 
Will  tell  more  If  you  write.  Manufactured  only  by 

W.F.YOUNG,  P.D.F..  88  TempleSt.,  Springfield, Mass. 


WISNER’S  SEPARATOR! 

Skim  Closer,  Ran  Easier 
Last  Longer  and  Clea 
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L«t  us  send  one  on  30  Days  Trli 

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Everything  for  Dairymen  Aiwa j 
in  Stock 


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ARATOR 


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Easy  running.  Easily  cleaned. 

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Unequaled  by  any  other  Cream  Separator 


Close  Skimming  :  The  U.  S.  holds  the  World  s 
skimming  record  —  an  ironclad  fact. 

Easy  Running:  The  U.,S.  is  how  the  easiest 
running  Separator  oirthe  market. 

Easy  Washing  :  Our  new  patented  skim-  /M 
ming  device  is  washed  and  made 
perfectly  sanitary  in  less  time 
than  any  other  manufactured. 

Durability:  The  same  sterling  work-  W  j| 
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the  U.  S.  famous  for  long  life  ifsl 

with  fewest  repairs. 


The  United  States  Cream  Separator 
for  1912  is  sold  at  the  lowest  price  at 
which  an  efficient  Separator  can 
be  sold  —  and  this  is  the  only  basis 
of  true  economy. 

Send  for  Catalog  — or  get  quickest 
action  by  asking  us  for  name  of  local 
agent  nearest  you,  who  will  demon¬ 
strate  right  on  your  own  dairy  floor. 
Do  it  today  !  & 

Vermont  Farm  Machine  Co.(|| 

Bellows  Falls,  Vermont 


MINERAL 
HEAVE 
REMEDY 


NEGLECT t 
WillRuiir 
YourHorse4 

Send  today  for 
only 

PERMANENT^ 


SAFE 
CERTAIN 


Heaves 

Cured 


$3  PACKAGE 

will  cure  any  case  or 
money  refunded. 

$1  PACKAGE 

cures  ordinary  cases. 
Postpaid  on  receipt  of  price. 
Agents  Wanted 

Write  for  descriptive 
booklet 


Mineral  Heave  Remedy  Co., 461  Fourth  Avenue,PUtsljurg, Pa. 


IUMP -JAW 

positively  cured  in  less  than 
three  weeks  with  _  __  _  __  ^ 

one  application  A  Hj  n  RM 

Rapid  LUMP-JAW  Cure 

Easy  method,  little  expense, 
no  pain  or  scars.  Written  guar¬ 
antee  with  each  bottle. 
FreeBook-^s  how*™* 

colic,  all  animal  ailments  without  calling 
veterinary.  Invaluablo  to  every  farmer. 
Also  tells  about  Itemovall,  bostfor  sprains, 
curb,  bog  sprain,  all  lameness.  W rite  today. 

H.  C.  ADAMS  MFG.  CO. 
Dept.  50  Algona,  Iowa 


WORMS 


are  now  In  season.  They  are  quickly 
eradicated  by 

Summers’ 
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Thirty  Years’  Popularity;  Dead  Shot 
every  time:  Largest  Sale.  7-lb.  pkg., 
$1.:  3-lb. pkg.. 50e.  OfallDrugglstsor 

F.  S.  BURCH  &  CO. 

64W.lllinois  St.  Chicago, III. 

Tllustrated  Catalog  of 
Stockmen’s  Supplies 
Free. 


tv 


NEWTON’S  REMEDY  —  21  years’  sale 

removes  the  cause.  Prevents  and  euros  Indigestion, 
Coughs ,  Distempers.  Death  to  Heaves.  Removes  intestinal 
worms  and  is  an  excellent  conditioner.  Standard 
remedy  for  21  years.  Guaranteed  for  Heaves.  At  dealers’ 
or  direct,  prepaid  81  a  can.  Book  explains  fully,  free. 
THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO.,  Toledo,  Ohio 

Best  For  Your  Horse 

Don’t  let  your  horse  become  worthless  by 
developing  disease  or  lameness. — Use 

Quinn’s  Ointment 

Positive  cure,  removing  curbs,  splints,  J 
windpuffs,  thoroughpin,  swelling  of  1 
throat  and  glands.  Also  for  wire  cuts, 
scratches,  greased  heels.  On  market  30  years.  SI. 00* 
bottle— saves  dollars  J— All  good  druggists  or  by  mail. 
W.  B.  Eddy  &  Co.,  Box  W  Whitehall,  N.  Y.  | 


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HOUSANDS 
of  farmers 
and  horsemen 
have  saved  money 
by  using  Ken¬ 
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for  Spavins,  Curb,  Ringbone,  Splint,  Bony 
Growths  and  Lameness  from  many  other 
causes.  These  men  know  that  Kendall’s 
is  a  money  saver  and  a  horse  saver.  We 
can  prove  it  by  thousands  of 

Grateful  Letters  From  Users 

Read  the  letter  shown  below  from  Mr.  Renk.  We 
have  hundreds  of  other  letters  to  prove 
everything  we  6ay  about  Kendall’s  — .  IS 

Spavin  Cure.  Let  us  send  you  some 
other  letters.  But  in  the  meantime 
get  a  bottle  from  your  druggist. 

Tear  this  advertisement  out 
•now  to  remind  you  to  get 
Kendall’s  Spavin  Cure. 

Price  $1.00  per  bottle  or  6 
bottles  for  *5  oo.  Get  our 
valuable  book  “Treatise  on 
the  Horse”— Free  at  your 
druggist  or  write  to  us. 

DR.  B.J.  KENDALL  COMPANY 
Enosburg  Falls,  Vermont,  U.S.A. 


Contains  full  information  and  complete  feeding  directions  for  using 


Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal — The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute 

Three  or  four  calves  can  be  raised  on  it  at  the  cost  of  one  where  milk  is  fed. 

Wo  mill  feed  The  only  calf  meal  manufactured  in  an  exclusive  Calf  Meal  Factory 
Established  at  Leicester,  England,  in  1 8 09. 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory,  -  -  Waukegan,  Illinois 


1911. 


1183 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


livered  at  the  peddlers’  houses.  Good 
horses  bring  from  .$175  to  $250,  according 
The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $2.01  to  weight  and  quality.  Potatoes  arc  selling 
per  cap,  petting  4*  cents  per  «£ >gr 

quart  to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have  and  dressed  chicken  at  18  to  20  cents  per 
no  additional  station  charges.  *  ’ 


pound. 

Erie,  Pa. 


W.  H. 


The  Sanitary  Dairyman. 

Very  early  in  the  morning, 

Tuttle  sought  the  spotted  cow, 

And  with  gloves  his  hands  adorning 
Took  the  night  cap  from  her  brow. 

Roused  her  from  her  well  bred  slumbers. 
Bathed  her  features- with  a  sponge, 

To  the  bathtub  made  her  lumber 
For  her  early  morning  plunge. 

Manicured  each  horn  and  hooflet. 
Sprayed  her  breast  with  listerine. 
Scrubbed  her  stall  from  floor  to  rootlet, 
Till  each  inch  of  it  was  clean. 

Then  while  her  attention  centered 
On  her  predigested  bran, 

Reverently  Tuttle  entered 
"With  a  silver  plated  can. 

Into  which,  by  gauze  protected 
From  bacilli  and  their  ilk, 

Tuttle  skillfully  projected 

Little  streams  of  purest  milk. 

With  a  microscope  he  viewed  it, 

Slew  a  microbe  here  and  there. 

Strained  it,  weighed  it,  cooled  it,  stewed  it, 
Pasteurized  it,  too,  with  care. 

Then  in  bottles  small  he  hauled  it 
To  the  city,  and  in  short — 

Everywhere  that  Tuttle  sold  it 
Cost  them  60  cents  per  quart. 

— Red  Lodge  (Mont.)  Picket. 


This  county  is  a  dairying  county  of  some 
consequence.  The  principal  part  of  the 
county  is  dotted  with  creameries  with 
numerous  skimming  stations  as  feeders.  The 
northern  and  central  portions  of  the  county 
have  been  controlled  by  the  Stephens 
Creamery  Co.,  and  the  Pennsylvania  Cream¬ 
ery  Co.  Within  the  last  few  weeks,  how¬ 
ever,  the  Stephens  Creamery  Co.  has 
bought  out  the  latter.  The  western  part 
of  Bradford  county  has  a  plant  which  has 
a  contract  for  furnishing  butter  for  the 
United  States  Navy.  Ulster  has  the  famous 
Borden  plant.  Besides  these  there  are 
numerous  cooperative  companies.  It  is  now 
becoming  a  popular  custom  for  the  cream¬ 
ery  companies  to  put  a  wagon  on  the  road 
and  haul  the  cream  for  the  farmers. 
Nearly  every  farmer  now  uses  a  separator. 
A  large  percentage  of  the  dairy  farmers 
have  from  one  to  three  silos.  The  prices 
of  dairy  products  are  dropping.  Borden’s 
scale  of  prices  is  for  October  $1.95 ;  No¬ 
vember  and  December  following,  $1.90 ; 
January,  $1.80;  February,  $1.70:  March, 
$1.60.  These  prices  are  per  100  pounds  of 
milk.  One  year  ago  the  same  company 
paid  $2  per  hundred  pounds.  The  creamery 
company  in  the  western  part  of  the  county 
perhaps  pays  somewhat  the  best  prices. 
This  company  charges  three  cents  per  pound 
for  making  the  butter,  the  patron  getting 
the  overrun.  The  other  company  men¬ 
tioned  has  paid  the  average  price  of  32% 
cents  per  pound  for  October.  This  com¬ 
pany  makes  the  butter  for  the  overrun 
which  is  equivalent  to  about  12  per  cent 
in  milk  and  15  per  cent  in  cream.  The 
amount  of  butter  fat  is  determined  by  the 
Babcock  test.  r.  s. 

Burlington,  Pa. 


Cows  sell  from  $30  to  $60  per  head ; 
Spring  calves  $10  to  $15,  and  yearlings 
$20  to  $30 :  beef  cattle  five  to  six  cents 
per  pound,  live  weight,  dressed  eight  to  12 
cents  per  pound;  hogs,  live  five  to  5% 
cents,  dressed  seven  to  eight  cents.  Sheep 
$2  to  $5  per  head  :  lambs  five  to  six  cents 
per  pound,  live.  Butter  28  to  30  cents ; 
eggs  32  to  36  cents  in  the  cities  named 
below.  Milk  at  station  six  cents  per 
quart  for  shipment  to  Meadville  or  Oil 
City.  We  are  located  about  midway  be¬ 
tween  on  Erie  R.  R. ;  in  these  plafces  it  sells 
for  eight  cents  per  quart  by  the  milkmen. 
Hay  sells  at  $15  to  $20  per  ton  owing  to 
quality.  Grain,  wheat.  $1 ;  oats,  55  to 
60  cents;  buckwheat  $1.20  per  100;  there 
is  not  enough  other  grain  raised  here  to 
be  worth  mentioning.  This  county  (Craw¬ 
ford)  is  one  of  the  greatest  dairy  and 
stock  raising  sections  in  the  country,  and 
is  full  of  silos  but  I  have  never  known 
any  silage  to  be  sold,  or  manure  either 
off  farms.  A  lot  of  manure  is  hauled  from 
the  cities  which  is  bought  in  all  sorts  of 
ways;  by  the  load  (about  a  ton)  they 
usually  pay  about  one  dollar.  The  farms 
here  are  mostly  run  by  the  owners,  few 
renters.  C.  A.  L. 

Cochranton,  Pa. 


Potatoes  are  now  bringing  at  station 
about  six  miles  away  $1  per  bushel ;  no 
milk  shipped  from  this  vicinity.  Nearer 
station  the  Bordens  get  considerable.  The 
creamery  near  us  is  paying  at  present  36 
cents  for  butter  fat.  Hay  is  $16  per  ton  ; 
buckwheat  $1.40  per  hundred  pounds;  oats 
about  54  cents  per  bushel ;  hogs  5%  to 
5%  cents,  live  weight:  very  few  beef  cat¬ 
tle  raised.  Sheep  $4.50  to  $5  per  head. 
Horses,  sound,  from  $150  to  $200.  Eggs 
35  and  40  cents  per  dozen.  Very  few 
silos ;  no  silage  sold.  The  farmer's  are 
getting  improved  tools ;  they  are  sticking 
largely  to  the  way  of  their  fathers,  seem 
to  think  to  plow  and  get  in  a  large  acreage 
regardless  of  the  after  care  is  the  main 
thing.  We  have  a  fine  country,  land  a 
little  hard  to  work,  but  fine  grazing  and 
apple  land  ;  also  potatoes.  I  dug  potatoes 
a  year  ago  with  a  few  hills  that  went 
five  and  six  pounds  apiece.  Very  little 
corn  raised  except  sowed  corn ;  they  seem 
to  think  too  much  trouble  to  give  proper 
cultivation.  We  need  new  thrifty  blood ; 
very  little  purebred  stock;  most  dairies  are 
a  mixture  of  everything  in  shape  of  cow. 
I  think  their  average  returns  are  from 
$40  to  $60.  Two  or  three  men  have  Jer¬ 
seys  ;  some  Guernseys  and  a  few  Holsteins ; 
their  returns  are  much  larger,  one  man’s 
$100  per  cow.  L.  B.  c. 

Bradford  Co.,  Pa. 


I  have  never  heard  of  silage  being  sold 
in  this  section.  Manure  costs  from  50 
cents  to  $1  per  load  in  the  city.  Good 
cows  coming  fresh  in  the  Spring  months 
can  be  bought  for  $35  to  $50  ;  good  fresh 
cows,  $55  to  $60.  Milk  brings  3%  cents, 
3%  cents  and  four  cents  in  the  Winter,  de- 


If  J.  C.,  page  827,  who  asked  for  infor¬ 
mation  as  to  lumps  on  his  cows’  knees, 
will  so  construct  his  feeding  manger  that 
the  bottom  is  18  inches  wide  and  at  least 
four  inches  above  the  level  of  stable  floor, 
his  cows  will  escape  injury  to  knees  and 
will  also  keep  much  cleaner  while  in  the 
stable  than  when  they  are  forced  to  reach 
for  their  food.  Especially  necessary  for  a 
cow’s  comfort  is  the  raised  bottom  of  feed¬ 
ing  manger.  c.  M.  w. 


Improving  Quality. 

I  think  that  milk  should  be  sold  on  its 
test  per  cent  of  butter  fat  and  buyers 
educated  to  understand  that  eight  cents 
for  four  per  cent  milk  is  no  more  costly 
than  six  cents  for  three  per  cent.  But 
such  reform  can  only  begin  where  the 
milkman  meets  his  customers  more  or  less 
personally ;  not  in  New  York.  T  think  if 
I  owned  a  creamery  I  would  furnish  sire 
service  for  my  patrons  free,  plus  the  privi¬ 
lege  to  buy  the  bull  calves!  These  i 
would  butcher,  and  in  five  years  the  stand¬ 
ard  of  bovines  would  be  raised  and  my 
cream  purchases  increase  with  no  larger 
territory.  How  docs  that  idea  strike  you? 

J.  D. 

Both  ideas  are  good.  It  is  true  that 
milk  could  hardly  be  sold  to  advantage  on 
its  fat  test  in  large  markets.  In  nearby 
towns  it  could,  and  dairymen  ought  to  en¬ 
courage  the  idea.  If  the  customers  in 
smaller  places  form  such  a  habit  they  will 
in  time  spread  it  on  to  the  larger  'cities. 
No  question  but  that  good  bulls  owned 
in  this  way  would  make  their  mark  in  any 
neighborhood. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  ’page. 

Dog  is  aiicl  Perrots 

FFRRFT^  FOR  SALE — Choice  stock.  Order  atonce 
11.1t111.10  while  the  supply  lasts.  Prices,  $4  per 
single  male.  $5  per  single  female,  $8  per  pair.  Send 
orders  to  KEEFE R  BROTHERS,  Greenwich,  Ohio. 

FERRETS  FOR  SALEiffik&J'MS 

DeKleine  Bros.,  Jamestown,  Michigan. 

OCOTCH  COLLIE  PUPPIES  of  choicest  imported  blood, 
O  handsome  and  intelligent,  full  pedigreed,  at  roa- 
sonableprices.  Clovernook  Stock  Farm,  Cliambersburo,  Pa. 

PHI  1  IF  PUPO-From  imported  stock.  Females 

UULLIL  1  UI  Oclieap.  Nelson  Bros.  Grove  City.  Pa. 

IDja.IR.Y  Cj9lTT3jE 

Milk  Prndnr.ppq  For  New  York  City  market 
man  rruuuoeri  desiring  information  how  to 
form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
the  Secretary,  Albert  Manning  Otisville.  N.  Y. 

MEADOW  BROOK  GUERNSEYS 

Several  Bull  Calves  from  one  to  nine  months  old, 
from  dams  .and  sires  that  are  prize  winners  and 
large  producers.  If  you  want  quality  and  quantity 
write  us  for  full  particulars.  Address  SUPT., 
Meadow  Brook  Farm,  Bernardsville,  N.  J. 

FLORHAM  GUERNSEYS .... 

Several  Yearling  Bulls  for  sale  at  very  moderate 
prices.  Pedigrees  and  photographs  furnished. 

J.  L.  HOI’lfi  Madison,  New  Jersey 

Fnrpka  ^tnrk  Farm- Registered  jersey  Bum 

LUICna  OlUbft  rUIIII  and  Heifers, 6  numthsto  2 
years  old.  Chester  White,  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  Pups  and  a  variety 
Of  poultry.  Send  two-cent  stamp  for  circular. 

EDWAltD  WALTER,  West  Chester,  Pa. 

pORSALE-Thoroughbred  Jersey  Bull,  3  years  old, 
Witch  Fox  of  Minisink.  No.  93164.  Picture  sent 
on  request.  Minisink  Farm,  North  Water  Gap,  Pa. 

Breed  Up— Mot  Dowr“ryc“LS”o 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  R.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

FOR  SAI  F-Registkred  jerseys-cows, 

run  0HLL  HEIFERS  AND  YOUNG  BULLS; 
large  selection;  blue  ribbon  winners;  won  in  butter 
contests.  Come  and  see  them.  Full  particulars  of 

DAVID  WALLACE,  Supt.  Rumsonhill  Farm,  fairhaven,  N.  J. 

FAR  SALF  OR  EXCHANGE.  2  Grandsons  of  Heng- 
*  orveld  De  Kol,  3  and  7  months  old 

for  Holstein  heifer  or  young  cow.  CH.  HACKED, 
Kitchawan,  Westchester  County,  New  York. 

READY  FOR  SERVICE-k’etheeEand 

DE  KOL  4th,  registered  show  Holstein,  born 
Dec.  5,  1910.  Nearly  all  white.  Prize  winner  at 
Fall  Fairs.  Price,  $100  f.  o.  b.  Send  for  pedigree. 
CLOVERDALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

HOLSTEIN  BULL  CALVES 

ter  Boy,  62729,  for  sale  cheap.  OSWEGO  RIVER 
STOCK  FARMS,  Phoenix,  New  York. 

aWf.  HOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU.  Somerville  N.  J. 

If 

Young 


WE  HAVE  A  FEW... 

BULLS  FOR  SALE 

THAT  ARE  READY  FOR  SERVICE. 

THEY  ARE  FROM  ADVANCED  REGISTRY 
DAMS,  AND  BY  ONE  OF  THE  BEST  SIRES 
OF  THE  HOLST EIN-FRIESIAN  BREED. 
WE  ARE  SHORT  OF  ROOM  AND  WILL 
MAKE  PRICES  ON  THESE  FELLOWS 
THAT  WILL  SURELY  MOVE  THEM. 

Write  fob  Pedigrees  and  Prices. 

W  OODCREST  FARM 

RIFTOIM,  N.  V. 


CATTLE 


M.  S.  BELTZHOOVER’S 

Rochroane  Jersey  Herd 

Offers  For  Sale  a  Number 
of  Good  Things 
Write  for  Price  List 

JOHN  R,  GATES,  Supt- 
R. F.D. 75  Irvington-on-Hudson,  N.Y. 

“Q  U  A  LI  T  Y” 

FOR  SALE— THREE  RICHLY  BRED  YOUNG  JERSEY  BULLS, 
DAMS  HAVING  YEARLY  AUTHENTICATED  RECORDS,  as  follows: 

Dam  of  No.  1,  8128.3  lbs.  milk  in  286  days, 

_  _  testing  527  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 

Dam  of  No.  2, 11265.3  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

_  „  „  testing  701  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 

Dam  of  No.  3,  12840.6  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

testing  803  lbs.  10  oz.  butter 
Write  for  description  and  prices,  or  come  and  see 
them,  visitors  always  welcome. 

E.  W.  Mosher,  »♦  BltlGHTSIDK,”  Aurora,  New  York 

LAUREL  FARM 

nominally  turn  farm  produce  into  money— 
JERSEYS,  and  the  swine  that  do  the  same 
thing— BERKSH1RES.  Which  do  YOU  want  ? 
J.  GRANT  MOUSE,  Hamilton,  N.Y. 


SHELDONCROFT 

J.  T.  RUSSELL,  Prop.  CHAS.  B.  DAYTON.  Supt. 

SILVER  LAKE,  Susq.  Co.,  Pa. 

Pure  Bred  Jersey  Cattle.  Berkshire  Swine. 


SWIJXTE 


flf <S~T>rize  winners  and  descended 
fr  from  prize  winners  of  the  best 

blood  of  the  breed.  Herd  long  established.  All  apes 
Male  and  Female  For  Sale.  Pigs,  service  boars,  bred 
and  open  gilts  and  sows.  Priced  to  suit  the  ordinary 
farmer.  Write,  describing  what  you  want. 

A.  E.  FOSTER, New  Salem,  Fairfield  Co.,  Ohio 

miRnPC  the  kig,  deep  fellows 

uunuuo  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 

nilRflP  JERSEY  SERVICE  BOARS-200  lbs. 
UUnUU  Bred  Gilts.  June  BOARS  and  GILTS. 
C.  C.  MILLER,  Route  9,  Decatur,  Ind. 

Reg.  Chinas,  Berkshires,  C.  Whites. 

Fine,  large  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
—  -  Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 
.  — Pups,  Beagles  and  Poultry.  Write  for 

prices  &  circulars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Ercildoun  Pa. 

GIVEN— A  Berkshire  or  Duroc  Pig  for  a  few 
uiikii  hours  of  your  time,  stamp  for  parti¬ 
culars.  PHNNA,  BERKSHIRE  COMPANY, 
Eannettsburg,  Pennsylvania. 

Large  Berkshires  at  Highwood 

To  make  room  for  75  youiik  Sows  that  wo  are  breeding  for 
Sprint;  litters,  we  are  offering  an  selected  Boars  ready  for 
immediate  service  at  prices  ranging  from  $25  to  $50.  These 
are  great  bargains.  H.C.4H.  B.  Haufeniuxo,  Dundee,  N.  Y. 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN.  N.Y 


Meadow  Brook  Berkshires 

Grand  Fall  Offering  of  largo  anti  vigorous  breed¬ 
ers,  both  sexes,  no  akin,  all  ages.  Also  young 
PIGS  in  pairs  and  trios.  This  stock  represents 
English  and  American  best  strain.  Prices  moder¬ 
ate.  Quality  guaranteed.  Your  address  will  secure 
full  description  and  prices.  Address  SUPT., 
Meadow  Brook  Farm,  Bernardsville,  N.  J. 


SPECIAL  Sunny  Bank  Farm  Berkshire# — We  are  offering 
for  a  limited  time  only,  eboioe  8-weeks  old  Hoars  sired  by 
sou  of  M4BTKBP1ECB  77000,  out  of  sows  of  ROYAL  breeding. 
$11  registered.  A.  F.  Jones,  P.O.  Box  H7,Bridgehampton,  N.Y. 

FASHIONABLY  BRED  BERKSHIRES 

A  few  Spring  and  Summer  PIGS  for  sale  at  rea- 
sonable  prices.  Dr.  J.  R.  ALLEN,  Orwell,  N.  Y. 

START  RIGHT  KS" 

HIGH-BRED  BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

Bred  for  Utility  of  the  Best  Strains. 

Write  for  particulars. 

CHERRY  HILL  FRUIT  FARM,  Toboso,  Licking  Co.,  Ohio 

BERKSHIRES.— SPECIAL  OFFERING 

We  offer  high  class  Pigs,  either  sex,  about  ten 
weeks  of  age.  at  $10  each;  or  a  trio  mated  for 
breeding,  at  $25,  registered.  They  are  from  litters 
numbering  7  to  13,  from  Boars  and  Sows  which 
mature  from  600  to  800  pounds  and  many  of  them 
Show  Pigs.  If  not  satisfactory  money  promptly 
refunded.  Catalogue  of  herd  on  application. 
WILLOUGHBY  FARM,  Gettysburg;,  Pa. 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.- Sf,, fi 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  toser- 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  SeDd  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  YVATSON,  Pioprietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


FOR  SALE — At  reasonable  prices — Twenty-eight 
young  REGISTERED  BERKSHIRE  PIGS  from 
6  weeks  to  4  months  old,  grandsons  and  daughters 
of  Master  Chief,  from  $10.00  up.  CH.  P.  HATCH 
Plum  Beach  Farm,  Port  Washington,  Long  Island’ 


zz  o 


SES 


GREAT 


AUTUMN 


TO  BE  HELD  AT  THE  NOTED 

SHARON  VALLEY  STOCK  FARM,  Newark,  Okie 
On  Friday  and  Saturday,  Dec.  8th  and  9th,  1911 

inn  iW311’  Percheron  &  German  infl 
1 UU  Coach  Stallions  and  Mares  fiUU 

Mares  have  all  been  bred,  both  Belgian  and  Per- 
choron,  to  the  very  best  stallions  of  the  land  A 
large  nor  cent  of  these  mares  have  been  carefully 
mated,  and  anyone  lucky  enough  to  get  a  pair  of 
them  has  a  fortune  in  his  hand  if  properly  taken 
eare  of.  These  mares  run  in  age  2  and  3  years  old, 
colors— bays,  blacks,  greys  and  chestnuts,  weighing 
from  hiOO  to  1800  lbs.  each. 

T1,e  interest  of  every  prosperous  man  to 
attend  this  sale._  Bad  weather  makes  no  interfer¬ 
ence,  ns  the  sale  is  held  in  the  barn.  SIXTY  head 
ot  these  mares  will  arrive  just  font-  days  before 
this  sale.  Terms  will  be  known  on  day  of  sale, 
mu  6£?nts  an'i  Set  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

The  Sharon  Valley  Stock  Farm  is  so  well  and 
favorably  known  for  good  stallions  and  mares, 
with  fair  dealings,  that  any  further  comments  are 
useless  to  say  to  the  people. 

I  tee  conveyances  to  and  from  the  farm. 

Vo  not  fail  to  come  and  bring  your  friends. 

COL.  GEO.  W.  CRAWFORD 
Proprietor  of  Sharon  Valley  Stock  Farm.  NEWARK,  OHIO 
F .  W.  ANDREWS,  Auctioneer. 

Both  Phones— Citizens  1252;  Bell  651  W. 

Having  Just  Arrived  from  tlie  New 
York  State  Fail-  with  a  Lot  of 

PREMIUM  HORSES 

Home-Bred  Registered 

PERCHERONS 

.Prices— $350  to  $750  on  Mares,  according 
to  age,  weight  and  size. 
Stallions  from  $500  to  $»,000. 

These  prices  include  the  Great  Stallion  NOGEN- 
J  Aif  ,  winning  first  with  three  of  his  get;  also  the 
5-year-old  Stallion  ROULE,  winning  the  4-year-old 
and  over  class  with  14  animals  in  the  ring. 

We  have  on  hand  in  all  abont  SIXTY  BEAD 
lion  t  wait  to  write— come  and  see  us  at  once  No 

good  ones  Cream’  but  Ulenty  of  plums,  and  piumb 

 J-  GRINDELL,  Kenton,  Ohio 


Percbcron  and  Belgian  Stallions  anil  Mares  for  sale 

TJpi.'‘ces-  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
miadiefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  1  enna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O,' 


HORSES  WINTERED-?,^-;  — 

Exercise  in  hand  or  on  road  if  desired.  Rate,  $10  per 
month.  Sprmgside  Poultry  Farm.  New  Hamburg.  N.  Y. 


*3  'SW  I  3NT  JES 


CHESHIRES  The  long,  deep-bodied,  white  bacon  hog- 
.  prize  winners  at  State  and  county  fair! 

W  1-ite  your  wants.  E.  K.  MORSE.  Moravia,  N.  Y. 

FDR  SAI  lot  of  nice  CHESHIRE  PIGS. 

iakn*  ,  farrowed- iM  September.  Price. 
$8.00  each,  either  sex,  registered,  crated  and  deliv- 
Company.  Address  DEPART¬ 
MENT  OF  ANIMAL  HUSBANDRY,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

COD  CKI  C— 25  Chester  White  Boars,  weight 
■  Mil  wMLt  225  lb6.  each.  These  young  Boars 
are  sired  by  Sunny  Jiiu.  No.  15625,  the  greatest 
Chester  White  sire  of  to-day.  Everyone  a  perfect 
individual.  Price  $25.00  each,  if  ordered  at  once. 

HEART’S  DELIGHT  FARM 
C,  E.  Hamilton,  Mgr.,  Chazy,  New  York, 


For  Sale-Registered  Chester  Whites 

Six  weeks  old  Sows  and  Barrows,  $6.00  to  $7.00 

Eight  “  “  . .  7.00  to  8.00 

Yearling  Sows,  bred  to  our  celebrated  Boar,  $20  00 
to  $25.00.  G.  JASON  WATERS,  Fair  Acre  Farm, 
R.  F.  D.  42,  Norwalk,  Conn. 


0  I  0  |IaO‘«-1  liave  fine  youmr  Sows  and  service 
wi  ■■  Ui  liuga  Boar*.  Also  young  Fit’s  and  Indian 
Runner  Ducks  for  sale  at  low  prices. 

JOHN  E.  HEATYVOL1E,  Harrisonburg,  Va. 

(1  I  f ,'o  OF  SUPERIOR  QUALITY— Aug.  &  Sept.  Pigs, 
,  '  “  pairs  and  trios,  not  akin.  Registered  in 

buyer  s  name.  Fred  Nickel,  Monroe,  Mich.,  R.  No.  1. 

Mill  F-FfMT  and0-  Lc-  FALL  PIGS,  eligible 

MULL  I  UU  I  to  registry.  Prices  right.  Qual¬ 
ity  best.  C.  T.  GOODWIN,  Medina,  Ohio. 

OHIO  BLUE  RIBBON  HERD  MULE  FOOT  HOGS 

Largest  prize  winning  show  and  breeding  herd. 
Foundation  stock  of  nil  ages.  Seven  big  Herd 
Boars.  JOHN  II.  DUNLAP,  Kox  R,  WILLIAMSPORT,  OHIO. 

LARGE  ENGLISH  YORKSHIRES- -Young  Boars.  Prices  right. 
Tabulated  pedigree.  Sheldon  Homestead, Martiusburg,  N.Y. 


(BELTED  HAMPSHIRE  SWINE 

i 


WELL  MARKED  PICS 

CHAS.  STEWART  DAVISON 
60  Wall  St.,  New  York  City 


CHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
J  Bred  Sow6.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNES.  Oxford,  N.  Y. 


Purebred  Registered 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

Dairymen  need  strong,  healthy  cows  with  vitality 
enough  to  keep  up  the  work  of  milk-making  for  long 
periods  and  to  resist  tuberculosis  and  other  bovine 
diseases.  To  be  profitable,  they  must  not  be  particu¬ 
lar  about  their  food  but  able  to  convert  large  amounts  of 
feed  into  milk.  This  ideal  dairy  type  you  find  in  the 
Purebred  Holstein.  If  you  would  like  to  know  what 
the  different  breeds  are  doing,  we  will  send  you  data  of 
unquestionable  accuracy. 

Send  for  Free  Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets. 
They  contain  valuable  information  for  any  Dairy¬ 
man. 

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN  ASS’N,  F.  L.  HOUGHTON.  Secy.  Box  105,  Brattleboro,  Vt. 


1184 


December  9, 


THE  re.UR.A-I>  NEW-YORKER 


FEEDING  PROBLEMS. 

Under  this  heading  we  endeavor  to  give  advice 
and  suggestions  about  feeding  mixtures  of  grains 
and  fodders.  No  definite  rules  are  given,  but  the 
advice  is  based  upon  experience  and  average 
analyses  of  foods.  By  ‘'protein”  is  meant  the 
elements  in  the  food  which  go  to  make  muscle  or 
lean  meat.  “Carbohydrates”  comprise  the  starch, 
sugar,  etc., .which  make  fat  and  provide  fuel  for 
the  body,  while  “fat”  is  the  pure  oil  found  In 
foods.  Dry  matter”  means  the  weight  of  actual 
food  left  in  fodder  or  grain  when  all  the  water  is 
driven  off.  A  “narrow  ration”  means  one  in  which 
the  proportion  of  protein  to  carbohydrates  is  close 
—a  "wide”  ration  means  one  which  shows  a  larger 
irroportion  of  carbohydrates. 

Dairy  Rations  With  Different  Roughage. 

What  would  you  suggest  for  one  or  two 
dairy  rations  made  up  of  silage,  Timothy 
and  Iled-top  mixed,  cob  meal  and  cotton¬ 
seed  meal?  Another  combination,  oat  fod¬ 
der  in  place  of  the  above  hay,  and  a  third 
with  oat  and  pea  hay  for  fodder?  I  inted  to 
feed  dried  beet  pulp  with  each.  I  have  22 
cows,  mostly  Holstein  grades.  J.  G. 

New  Hampshire. 

The  grain  rations  for  you  to  feed  with 
your  different  kinds  of  roughage  would  not 
necessarily  vary  greatly ;  the  only  change 
that  would  be  required  is  that  when  feed¬ 
ing  oat  and  pea  hay  you  could  reduce  the 
quantity  of  cotton-seed  meal  about  half  a 
pound.  You  should  add  some  kind  of  light 
feed  like  wheat  bran,  dried  brewers’  or  dis¬ 
tillers’  grains,  to  your  mixture  of  cotton¬ 
seed  and  corn  and  cob  meal  and  beet  pulp. 
You  would  then  have  a  grain  ration  some¬ 
thing  like  the  following :  Five  pounds 
wheat  bran  or  dried  brewers’  grains,  or 
four  pounds  dried  distillers’  grains,  two 
pounds  cotton-seed  meal,  three  pounds 
dried  beet  pulp.  About  30  to  35  pounds 
of  silage  per  day  can  be  fed  with  this 
grain  ration,  and  all  the  dry  fodder  the 
cows  will  consume.  c.  s.  G. 

Buckwheat  Chaff  for  Cows. 

Will  feeding  buckwheat  chaff  to  cows  dry 
them  up?  1  take  five  quarts  chaff  and 
three  quarts  bran  middlings  and  Buffalo 
feed,  and  add  a  handful  of  salt  and  oil 
meal.  We  scald  or  steam  this  at  night  and 
feed  in  the  morning,  and  give  them  all 
the  cornstalks  they  will  eat.  Could  you 
give  me  a  balanced  ration  in  which  I  could 
use  chaff?  I  have  cornstalks,  ear  corn 
which  I  could  sell  and  have  ground,  mixed 
hay,  oats  in  the  sheaves,  and  can  get  any 
kind  of  mill  feed :  also  have  a  lot  of  ruta 
baga  turnips,  and  as  I  cannot  lind  a  mar¬ 
ket  for  them  would  like  to  feed  to  the  cows, 
but  have  heard  that  it  will  make  butter 
strong  if  fed  too  freely.  Would  feeding 
them  every  other  day  be  all  right? 

New  York.  w.  H.  G. 

There  is  not  enough  nutriment  in  buck¬ 
wheat  chaff  to  give  it  any  feeding  value 
whatever  for  milch  cows.  All  such  worth¬ 
less  stuff  that  you  compel  your  cows  to  eat 
by  mixing  it  with  grain  only  furnishes  more 
work  for  a  cow’s  digestive  organs  without 
producing  any  adequate  returns.  You  will 
find  more  profit  in  using  your  buckwheat 
straw  and  chaff  as  bedding,  or  allowing 
your  cows  to  eat  it  at  will  from  racks  in 
the  yard.  I  would  suggest  that  you  feed 
your"  cows  all  the  mixed  hay.  cut  corn¬ 
stalks  and  sheaf  oats  they  will  eat,  pro¬ 
portioning  the  amounts  according  to  the 
available  supply  of  each.  For  a  grain 
ration  you  will  find  that  four  pounds  dried 
beet  pulp,  two  pounds  cotton-seed  meal  and 
four  pounds  dried  brewers'  or  distillers' 
grains  will  produce  very  satisfactory  results 
with  your  available  roughage.  Cut  the  ruta¬ 
baga  turnips  into  small  pieces  and  feed  di¬ 
rectly  after  milking,  twice  a  day ;  no  taste 
or  odor  from  them  will  affect  the  milk  if 
you  are  careful  to  keep  them  in  a  separate 
room  from  your  cows,  and  not  let  the  milk 
come  in  contact  with  their  odor  in  any 
way,  as  it  is  quickly  absorbed  by  the  milk. 

c.  s.  G. 

Ration  with  Silage. 

I  sell  cream  ;  am  milking  nine  cows  and 
raising  five  young  heifers.  I  have  to  buy 
all  my  fine  feed.  I  have  a  few  tons  or 
mangels  and  turnips.  I  have  about  12  tons 
of  mixed  grass  hay  (no  clover  in  it).  My 
cows  are  grade  Guernseys  and  Jerseys. 
I’lease  give  me  figures  for  a  balanced  ration, 
using  as  much  silage  as  possible.  I  can  buy 
any  necessary  fine  feeds  at  local  dealers, 
but  I  desire  to  keep  this  item  as  small  as 
possible.  Tell  me  what  to  feed  my  promis¬ 
ing  heifers  in  order  to  get  a  good  develop¬ 
ment.  using  silage  as  far  as  possible.  Can 
pigs  make  any  use  of  silage?  I  have  40. 

Massachusetts.  c.  c. 

Situated  as  you  are,  with  plenty  of  silage 
and  a  limited  amount  of  mixed  hay  and 
roots,  you  should  add  enough  concentrated 
grain  mixture  to  make  up  the  deficiency  of 
protein  in  these  feeds.  The  proper  grain 
to  purchase  depends  to  a  great  extent  upon 
its  cost  and  availability.  Here  we  can  pro¬ 
cure  protein  at  the  lowest  cost  in  cotton¬ 
seed  meal  and  dried  brewers’  grains,  but 
gluten  feed,  dried  distillers’  grains,  wheat 
bran  and  buckwheat  middlings  may  each 
form  a  part  of  the  ration  if  the  price  at 
which  they  can  be  purchased  will  admit  of 
their  use.  The  following  formula  is  sug¬ 
gested  for  grade  Jerseys  and  Guernseys,  but 
of  course  it  must  be  changed  as  conditions 
require : 

— Digestible  Nutrients. — 
Dry  Carbs. 

Feeding  Stuffs.  Matter.  Protein,  and  Fat. 

40  lbs.  silage  .  8.40  .36  5.15 

12  lbs.  mixed  hay....  10.45  .506  5.55 

4  lbs.  dried  brewers’ 

grains  .  3.6S  .808  1.912 

2  lbs.  cotton-seed 

meal  .  1.84  .744  .888 

1  lb.  cornmeal . 89  .079  .764 

2  lbs.  wheat  bran..  1.70  .244  .906 

27.02  2.741  15.18 

Nutritive  ratio,  1 :5.5. 

If  your  cows  are  good  size  and  giving  a 
heavy  flow  of  milk  they  will  probably  eat 
the  amount  given  in  the  formula,  but  if 
they  are  rather  small  or  light  milkers,  the 
quantity  would  necessarily  have  to  be  re¬ 
duced  accordingly.  The  silage  and  grain 
mixture  should  be  divided  into  two  feeds 
and  fed  after  milking  morning  and  evening, 
while  the  noon  feed  should  consist  entirely 
of  hay. 

Your  promising  heifers  should  have  silage 
and  hay,  the  same  as  your  cows,  except  in 
smaller  amounts,  as  required.  Their  grain 
feed  should  consist  of  wheat  bran  or  dried 
brewers’  grains  and  ground  oats,  witn 
enough  cornmeal  added  to  keen  them  in 
good  flesh,  but  not  fat.  The  aim  in  feeding 
heifers  should  always  be  to  keep  them  Tn 


good  growing  condition  without  producing 
an  excessive  amount  of  fat.  You  could 
feed  your  pigs  a  little  silage  as  an  appetizer, 
but  our  experience  docs  not  warrant  us  in 
recommending  it  as  an  important  part  of 
the  ration.  c.  s.  G. 

Milk  Ration;  Garget;  Cotton  Seed  for  Horses. 

1.  Will  you  give  me  what  you  consider 
the  best  and  cheapest  ration  for  two  Jer¬ 
sey  cows?  I  have  a  limited  quantity  of 
clover  hay,  plenty  of  corn  stover  and  man¬ 
gels.  Local  prices  as  follows :  Cotton-seed 
meal,  $a4  ;  oil  meal,  $40 :  gluten  feed,  $31 ; 
bran,  $26 ;  middlings.  $29.50.  2.  We  have 

had  considerable  trouble  with  these  cows  on 
account  of  caked  udder.  Just  now  we  are 
having  hard  work  getting  the  milk  out  of 
the  two  back  quarters  of  one  of  the  cows. 
There  seems  to  be  some  obstruction  in  the 
teats.  What  is  the  remedy?  It  takes  twice 
as  long  as  it  should  to  do  the  milking.  3. 
How  much  cotton-seed  meal  is  it  safe  to 
feed  in  the  daily  ration  of  farm  horses? 

New  York.  s.  F.  B. 

1.  From  the  feeds  you  mention  we  have 
compounded  the  following  balanced  ration, 
which  is  both  economical  and  efficient : 

— Digestible  Nutrients. — 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Dry 

Carbs. 

Feeding  Stuffs.  Matter.  Protein,  and  Fat. 

15 

lbs.  corn  stover. 

9.00 

.255 

5.16 

10 

lbs.  clover  hav.. 

8.5 

.68 

3.96 

«> 

Ibs.  cotton-seed 

meal  . 

1.84 

.744 

.888 

6 

lbs.  wheat  bran .  . 

5.28 

.732 

2.718 

20 

lbs.  mangels . 

1.8 

.22 

1.12 

26.42 

2,631 

13.846 

Nutritive  ratio,  1 :  a. a. 

This  is  also  a  safe  ration  to  feed,  as  it 
will  not  cause  caked  udders  when  properly 
used. 

2.  The  cause  of  caked  udders  is  usually 
too  high  feeding  of  heavy  concentrated  feed¬ 
ing  stuffs,  but  other  causes,  such  as  stand¬ 
ing  in  a  draft,  lying  on  damp,  cold  ground 
or  improper  milking  may  produce  the  same 
effect.  The  remedy  is  first  to  give  the  cow 
a  quart  of  raw  linseed  oil,  followed  in  12 
hours  with  a  pound  of  epsom  salts  and  an 
ounce  of  ginger  dissolved  in  water.  Bathe 
the  udder  with  hot  water  and  thoroughly 
massage  it  twice  a  day,  applying  melted  lard 
liberally,  rubbing  it  well  in  during  the  mas¬ 
sage  process.  Obstructions  in  the  teats  may 
sometimes  be  overcome  by  inserting  a  plug 
in  each  teat  and  leaving  until  the  following 
milking,  repeating  until  cured.  These  plugs 
are  for  sale  by  all  dealers  in  dairy  sup¬ 
plies. 

3.  We  do  not  approve  of  cotton-seed  meal 

as  a  feed  for  horses.  c.  s.  g. 


Slaughter-house  Offal  for  Stock. 

What  is  the  value  of  the  offal  for  hog 
feed  from  a  slaughter-house  where  a  few 
hogs  and  an  occasional  sheep  or  cow  are 
slaughtered?  l.  a.  p. 

Washington. 

Slaughter-house  offal  makes  good  pig 
feed  when  properly  saved  and  preserved  or 
fed  while  fresh.  I  consider  it  worth  as 
much  as  an  equal  amount  of  dry  matter  in 
feeding  tankage  or  oil  meal.  c.  s.  o. 


MUMEDITCH  Kcroscnc 


ENGINES 


Operate  perfectly  on  common 
coal  oil,  gasoline,  distillate, 
alcohol  or  any  similar  liquid 
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why  this  is  safest,  simplest, 
most  economical  and  prac¬ 
tical  power. 

Genuine  Free  Trial 

If  it  doesn’t  satisfy  you  in 
every  way  the  trial  costs 
nothing.  Don’t  invest  in  any  v 41 
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proposition.  Writeforitnow. ' 

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29  Meldrum  Ave.,  Detroit,  Mich. 


SAVE 

MONEY 
THIS  WINTER 

Your  horse  will  relish  his  feed, — get  every  ounce  of 
benefit  from  it  and  keep  in  better  condition  this 
Winter,  if  stomach,  blood  and  bowels-aie  kept  in 
good  order  with 


Animal  Regulator 


It  is  a  sure  preventive  of  constipation  due  to  dry 
fodder  and  lack  of  exercise.  It  is  a  necessity  for 
keeping  horses  and  cattle  right  up  to  the  mark. 
Mix  it  every  day  in  their  feed  and  you  won’t  have 
weak,  rundown  animals. 

There  is  not  a  month  in  the  year  that  you  will 
not  find  Pratts  Animal  Regulator  making  money 
for  you,  both  in  saving  feed  and  in  increasing 
the  efficiency  of  your  horses,  cows  and  hogs. 

Satisfaction  Guaranteed 
or  Money  Back 

You  do  not  risk  a  cent  when  you  buy  Pratts  Ani¬ 
mal  Regulator,  the  40  year  old  conditioner,  tonic 
and  digestive.  If  you  tell  your  dealer  that  you 
are  dissatisfied,  he  will  promptly  refund  purchase 
price  without  a  question.  Start  saving  71010 . 

25  lb.  tails  $3.50;  also  in  smaller 
packages  and  100  pound  bags. 

If  your  dealer  can’t  supply  you,  write  us.  Ask 
for  our  valuable  FREE  Live  Stock  Book. 

PRATT  FOOD  CO.,  Dept.  „5  Philadelphia,  P*. 


J 


Climax  Carrier. 

Feed,  Ensilage,  Litter* 

A  stable  help  that  eaves  labor.  Brings  feed  from 
silo  or  bin  to  manger,  carries  manure  from  all 
stablings  to  same  pile  or  dumps  oa  wagon.  Easy 
lift,  light  running,  positive  dump.  Made  of  steel. 
Straight  or  curved  tracks  to  run  anywhere  and  suit 
any  stable  plan.  Write  for  descriptive  circular. 

Warsaw-Wiikinson  Co., 

50  Highland  Ave.,  Warsaw,  N.  Y. 


r  Dl  IMD'C  IMPROVED 
GrvUmD  O  WARRINEFt 

STANCHION 


Send  for  my  booklet 
and  learn  why  these  fas¬ 
teners  are  being  installed 
in  the  stables  of  many 

PUBLIC 

INSTITUTIONS 

WALLACE  B.  CRUMB,  Box  M4,  Forcstvllle,  Conn. 

SB  EXCELS!  0  R_SW  I N  G  ST  A  N  C  H 1 0  N 

Warranted  The  Best.  SO  Days’  Trial 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  when  open 
Noiseless  Simple  Sanitary  Durable 


The  Wasson 
Box  60, 


Stanchion  Co., 
Cuba,  N.  Y. 


Lowest  Cost — Best  Service 

NO  matter  what  your  power  needs 
write  at  once, for  the  Leffel 
Free  Book  tel  is  al  1  facts 
about  engines.  Get  posted 
on  what's  what  in  the  power 
world.  Don 't-make  a  mistake. 

Buy  right  the  first  time.  Thou¬ 
sands  of  Leffel  engines  are  dis¬ 
placing  gasoline  engines  be¬ 
cause  they  are  more  depend¬ 
able-more  simple — morodur- 
able  and  more  economical.  Lot  I 
us  prove  it  to  you. 

LEFFEL 

Steam  Engines 

work  harder  at  less  cost  than 
any  other  engine  you  could 
buy.  Made  to  run  any  machine  on  your  farm.  BurnsJ 
any  old  wood  or  rubbish  around  the  place  for  fuel. 
WRITE  FOR  FREE  BOOK  Don’t  decide  on  your 
engine  before  you  get  the  Leffel  Book  that  tells 
all  the  facts  about  Gasoline  and  Steam  power 
outfits  and  their  relative  value  to  you.  Don’t 
wait— write  postal  now.  Address 
lames  Leffel  &  Company 
Box  264,  Springfield,  Ohio^ 


LABOR  SAVINC 
BARN  EQUIPMENT 

Learn  how  you  can 

save  unnecessary  “hired 
hand”  expense  and  do 
your  barn  work  quicker, 
cleaner  and  better  with 
Star  (H.  H.  &  F. )  Barn  Kqulp- 
TeJ/  ment  (Litter  and  Feed  Carrl- 
-Vs-fcy  ers.  Stalls  and  Stanchions.) 

■  Draw  a  rough  sketch  of  your 

■  barn  layout  withdimensions.send  to  us  with 
H  yournameand  address, and  wo  will  send  you 

I  FREE  PLANS  full  particulars. 

Whether  you  r.re  in  tho  market  now  or  not,  this  experiment 

■  costa  you  nothing.  F  nd  out  what  you  can  save  each  season 

■  withSta?  (£1.  H.  &F.)  Equipment.  Writo  us  today. 

■  HUNT-HELM-FERRI9  &  CO. 

^  1 34  Hunt  St.  (11)  llarvard.  Ill. 


•  ft 


COOK  YOUR  FEED  and  SAVE 
Half  the  Cost— with  the 

PROFIT  FARM  BOILER 


With  Dumping  Caldron.  Empties 
its  kettlein  one  minute.  Thesimplest 
and  best  arrangement  for  cooking 
food  forstock.  Also  make  Dairy  and 
Laundry  Stoves,  Water  and 
Steam  Jacket  Kettles,  Hog 
Scalders,  Caldrons. etc.  £3^“Sond 
for  particulars  and  ask  for  circular  J 
I).  It.  SPEXtltY  &  GO.,  Batavia,  lu. 


A  small  crop  is  proof  that  your  land  is  run  down — it  is  a  warning 
to  fertilize  promptly. 

Manure  is  the  ideal  fertilizer  because  it  contains  the  very  elements 
that  crops  have  extracted  from  the  soil.  To  get  100  per  cent  value 
from  the  manure  you  spread,  you  must  use  a  good  manure  spreader. 
The  pitchfork  method  is  wasteful,  entails  hard,  disagreeable  work, 
and  takes  too  much  time. 

When  buying  a  spreader,  be  sure  you  get  one  that  will  last.  You 
can  make  sure  of  the  quality,  efficiency  and  durability,  by  investing 
in  one  of  the 

IHC  Spreaders 

Corn  King  Cloverleaf 

Kemp  2Gth  Century 

These  spreaders  are  used  on  thousands  of  farms.  Their  strength, 
simplicity,  and  durability  are  matters  of  record.  Why  not  look  into 
the  matter? 

When  investigating,  remember  that  the  power  transmitting  mech¬ 
anism  used  on  I  H  C  machines  is  the  most  durable  used  on  any  line 
of  spreaders.  This  results  from  the  fact  that  the  beater  gears  are  held 
in  a  single  casting  which  prevents  them  from  springing  out  of  align¬ 
ment  and  cutting  the  teeth.  The  teeth  are  long  and  chisel-pointed  to 
insure  positive  pulverizing  of  all  manure.  There  is  no  wedging  of 
manure  against  the  beater  bars.  The 
teeth  do  not  rim  the  bars.  The  beater  is 
large  enough  in  diameter  so  that  it  does 
not  wind.  You  will  find  many  other 
striking  advantages  which  will  convince 
you  of  I  H  C  superiority. 

Why  not  see  the  IHC  local  dealer  at  once? 

I II C  spreaders  are  made  in  different 
styles,  in  many  sizes  for  every  need.  If 
you  prefer,  write  direct  for  catalogues 
and  full  information.  Address 


International  Harvester  Company 
of  America 

Chicago  (Incorporated)  USA 


1  H  C 

Service  Bureau 

The  Bureau  is 
a  clearing  house 
for  agricultural 
data.  It  aims  to 
learn  the  best 
ways  of  doing 
things  on  the 
farm,  and  then 
distribute  the  in¬ 
formation.  Your 
individual  expe¬ 
rience  may  help 
others,  Send 
your  problems  to 
the  I  H  C  Serv¬ 
ice  Bureau 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


1186 


The  Henyard. 


Feeding  Value  of  Sprouted  Oats. 

In  some  of  the  advertisements  of  oat 
sprouters  we  are  told  that  this  process 
increases  the  feeding  value  of  the  oats.  Is 
this  true? 

I  do  not  know  that  any  analysis  of 
sprouted  oats  has  ever  been  made.  I  have 
used  them  to  a  limited  extent  and  con¬ 
sider  them  valuable  for  green  feed,  but  am 
of  the  personal  opinion  that  the  extreme 
claims  made  for  sprouted  oats,  and  particu¬ 
larly  in  regard  to  the  increase  in  their 
feeding  value,  are  absurd. 

HOMER  W.  JACKSON. 

Penn.  State  College. 

The  chief  value  of  sprouted  oats  as  food 
doubtless  comes  directly  or  indirectly  from 
assistance  in.  maintaining  the  palatability 
in  an  otherwise  monotonous  ration,  serving 
in  the  place  of  cheaper  succulent  foods 
whenever  these  for  any  reason  are  not  avail¬ 
able.  .  There  is  considerable  loss  of  the 
nutritive  material  in  grain  whenever  it  is 
sprouted,  and  less  exists  in  the  little  plants 
unless,  they  are  carried  to  a  stage  where 
more  is  fed  to  them  than  air  and  ordinary 
water.  We  have  no  data  that  will  show 
to  what  extent  the  use  of  such  material  in 
a  ration  will  compensate  for  the  loss  of 
nutritive  substance  stored  in  the  original 
grain.  w.  r.  wheeler. 

Genera  Exp.  Station. 


Paper  Poultry  Houses. 

When  I  started  in  the  poultry  business 
it  was  imperative  with  me  that  I  build  the 
plant  as  cheaply  as  was  consistent  with 
serviceability,  so  I  built  the  houses  of 
paper.  I  built  two  colony  houses  as  a 
starter.  First  I  put  up  the  frame,  made 
of  two  by  four  scantling,  then  stretched 
poultry  fencing  tightly  over  the  frame. 
Finally  I  put  on  a  heavy  roofing  paper,  and 
nailed  it  down  to  the  frame.  The  scantling 
were  so  spaced  as  to  come  under  the  laps 
of  the  paper.  The  laps  were  painted  be¬ 
fore  nailing  and  were  air  and  water-tight 
The  houses  were  shed  roof,  6x10  feet,  pat¬ 
terned  after  those  on  the  Corning  farm 
in  New  Jersey.  Each  cost  $16.  Built  of 
lumber  each  would  have  cost  $25,  so  I 
saved  $9,  or  56  per  cent.  These  houses 
had  board  floors,  the  material  for  which 


PAPER  POULTRY  HOUSE.  Fig.  483. 


cost  $9.  P.uilt  without  floors  each  would 
have  cost  $7  or  28  per  cent  of  the  cost  or 
board  houses.  The  durability  and  strength 
of  these  houses  is  remarkable.  They  have 
been  in  use  for  two  years  continually  Win¬ 
ter  and  Summer,  with  sometimes  a  foot  or 
snow  and  ice  on  the  roof,  but  are  as  sound 
as  when  built.  They  are  as  warm  as  any 
single-walled  house.  I  sold  one  house  to 
another  poultryman  last  Fall.  He  put  in 
a  pen  of  eight  birds,  and  they  laid  better 
during  the  Winter  than  his  pens  iu  board 
houses,  and  no  combs  were  nipped. 

Ithaca,  N.  Y.  H.  K.  H. 


alone,  on  direct  lines  of  communication, 
and  only  one  change  at  junction,  r.  h. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  express  company  will  prob¬ 
ably  claim  that  in  the  last  case  two  differ¬ 
ent  companies  handled  the  bird,  and  each 
demanded  a  good  share. 

IT  Me  Send 

You  Proof 


(Hi; 


Freight 
Paid 
East  of 
Rockies 


There  Is  nothing  like  being  sure. 
!  I  will  prove  that  my  famous  incu¬ 
bator— price  only  $7,55,  freight  pre¬ 
paid,  sold  onl,2, or  3  months  home 
test— will  out-hatch  any  machine  made,  no 
'  matter  what  kind  or  price.  Don’t  you  want 
i  be  sure!  Why  pay  more  than  my  price  for 
any  machine  defeated  by  my 

World’s  Champion 

14  0-Egg ‘S';  $ 
Incubator 

which  is  easiest  to  operate,  surest  of 
results.  Let  me  send  you  proof  in  my 
big  portfolio,  “Hatching  Facts” — it  carries  all  the  evi¬ 
dence— tells  you  how  to  start  in  the  poultry  business  on- 
a  profit-making  basis  at  a  small  outlay.  Has  double  walls 
and  door — and  dead  air  space 
all  over,  copper  tank,  hot 
water  heater,  self-regulator.”Ty- 
cos’’  thermometer,  egg-tester, 
safety  lamp,  nursery,  high  legs. 

My  14-0-chfck  Brooder 
double  wall, hot  water,  top  heat 
$4.85  Guaranteed  best  brooder 
made.  $11.50  gets  complete 
outfit  when  ordered  together, 
freight  prepaid.  Sly  portfolio 
proves  all.  If  In  a  hurry  order 

krignt  from  — 

this  ad  on  Home  Test  Plan— -thou¬ 
sands  do.  I  guarantee  satis¬ 
faction  or  return  money. 

JIM  ROHAN,  President 
Belle  City  Incubator  Company 
Box  48  Racine.  Wit. 


_  4.85 

140-Chick  Brooder 


POULTRY  COURSE 

THE  15 TH  ANNEAL 

Poultry  Class  of  the  Rhode  Island  State  College 
will  be  held  January  3  to  February  id  inclusive 

We  teach  all  branches  of  poultry  keeping,  Class  Work,  Lect¬ 
ures  and  Demonstrations, Pen  Practice,  Incubator  and  Brooder 
Operations  for  each  student.  This  is  a  chance  to  learn  poultry 
keeping  and  a  good  place  to  live  for  six  weeks  this  winter. 
Terms  moderate.  Write  for  particulars. 

Pres.  Howard  JEdwards,  Kingston,  R.  10 


S.  C,  WHITE  LEGHORNS^,  S rSKSiS 

true  Leghorn  type  and  from  the  heavy  laying 
“Sterling  strain.  200  grand  utility  cockerels,  some 
good  enough  to  exhibit.  100  two-year  old  hens.  Write 
us.  W.  STERLING  &  SONS,  Cutchogue,  N.  Y. 

BLAGX  ORPI NGTON S‘i£3?SSf*^;5!il;;i5srSf 

Will  make  excellent  breeders  and  show  birds.  All 
stock  guaranteed  and  sent  on  approval.  Prices 
reasonable.  F.  F.  ANDREW,  Philadelphia,  Jeff.  Co..  N.  Y. 

N0IAN  RUNNER  DUCKS — Genuine  White  Egg  Strain, 
$6.00  per  trio.  GEO.  BO  WDISH,  Esperance,  N.Y. 


I 


For  Sale— W.  H.  TURKEYS 

From  Pure-bred  Prize- Winning  Stock 
MRS.  A.  L.  SPINK,  Watertown,  N.  Y.,  R.  D.  3 

Mammoth  Bronze  Turkeys 

Bred  from  40  and  45  lb.  toms.  Pairs  or  trios,  not 
akin.  Miss  Josephine  Carpenter,  Gouverneur,  N.Y. 

DURE  BRED  WHITE  HOLLAND  TURKEYS  FROM  PRIZEWINNERS 
*  Mrs.  IS.  J.  Hitler,  Hodman,  New  York 

Best  white  Holland  turkeys,  white  Wyandotte  cock 

erels  and  Toulouse  Geese,  for  sale.  Prices  low  for 
quality.  K.  SCHIEBElt,  R  FI)  3,  Jiueyrus,  O. 

GIANT  BRONZE  TURKEYS  R  C  R  1 


Pullets.  Grand  Stock 

H.  J,  VAN  DYKE. 


Cockerels  and 
at  Farmers’  prices. 

GETTYSBURG,  Pa. 


SUCCESSFUL 
Poultry  Lessons 


— to  Every  New  Customer 

BEND  A  POSTA  L.  Oct  Gilcrcst  ’B  biE  f.j 
book  FREE  and  also  his  facts  about  his 
SUCCESSFUL  Poultry  Lessons  given  to 
buyers  of 

Successful  'brooders5 

Start  right  for  biggest  profits.  Write  to 

Des  Moines  Incubator  Co*, 


FREE 


$675^_ 

90  Second  St* ,  Des  Moines, la* 


MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best-  Coarse  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powderecL  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1844 

R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  CO.,  PeekskilL,  N.  Y. 

POULTRY  SEED  CORN 

Specially  small  for  poultry.  Best  of  its  kind.  No 
grinding  or  cracking  necessary.  Only  fifty  bushels 
left  at  $2.00  per  bushel.  MAPLE  GLEN  POUL¬ 
TRY  FARM,  Millerton,  N.  Y. 

INCUR  ATION — Our  hot  water  custom  hatch- 
llWUDrtHUn  ing  plant  was  so  successful 
last  season  that  we  have  doubled  our  capacity, 
which  is  now  over  200,000  eggs.  Last  year  we  had 
to  turn  away  over  1,000  eggs  a  day  for  a  period  of  4 
months,  as  our  Incubator  was  full.  Over  80  per 
cent  of  our  last  year’s  customers  have  already  en¬ 
gaged  space  in  our  Incubator  for  the  coming  sea¬ 
son.  Don’t  be  among  the  disappointed — engage 
your  space  now.  Our  Incubator  starts  on  Jan.  2d. 
Write  for  prices  and  information  any  way 
MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM 
Millerton,  New  York 


THE  FARMER’S  FOWL— Rose  Oomb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 


9(1  EG(!S  $1.60 — loading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
L\3  try.  Pigeons.  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  large  illus. 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa- 


Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  May  return  at  mv  expense  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  602  Fifth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

PULLETS  and  YEARLING  HENS 

dottes,  single  and  rose  comb:  Brown  and  W.  Leg¬ 
horns,  R.  I.  Reds;  from  80  cents  per  head  up.  Write 
for  just  what  you  want  and  how  much  yon  wish  to 
invest.  Maple  Cove  Poultry  Yards,  R.  24  Athens,  Pa. 


SPECIAL  ( BARRED  ROCKS  AND  PARTRIDGE  COCHINS 

varkwiHk  i  Pullets  $2.00,  Cockerels  $3.00  to  $5.00. 


ACCCD  1  Some  good  enough  for  exhibition! 
VI  I  kll  Laud  all  good  utility  stock.  .’.  .’.  • 

MINCH  BROS.,  Route  3,  Bridgeton,  N.  j. 

Single  Comb  White  Leghorn 

kind,  $1.00;  Cockerels,  $1.50.  Also  Berkshire  Pigs 
and  Gilts.  Geo.  L.  &  H.  E.  Ferris,  Atwater,  N.Y, 

KEAN’S  WHITE  WYAND0TTES 

Extra  fine  Cockerels  ready  for  service,  $3.00  each. 
Pullets,  $2.00  each.  Guaranteed  to  satisfy  the  most 
fastidious.  Also  Choice  Indian  Runner  Drakes, 
$2.00  each.  E.  FRANKLIN  KEAN,  Stanley,  N.Y. 

Cfinfi  Single-Combed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 
UUUU  Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 
nght  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  best  selections.  Largest  success 
ful  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 

FOR  SAI  17-mammoth  bronze  tub- 

1  JM-L  KEYS.  Satisfaction  gnaranteed- 

jnquire  of  Mrs.  FRANK  ELLIOTT,  Moravia,  N.Y 


More  than  half  yonr  roultry  troubles  are  caused 
by  not  properly  protecting  their  drinking  water 
from  tbn  contamination  of  the  chickens  them- 
selves.  You  can  end  all  your  water  troubles  by 
equipping  your  poultry  yards  with 

Moe’s  Top-Fill 
Drinking  Fountain 

It  always  supplies  just  enough  pure  water— 

keeps  water  COOL 
IN  SUMMER,  WARM  IN  WINTKR.  Simple  in 
construction— just  remove  cover  and  fill  from  top- 
water  ceases  to  flow  when  cover  is  removed — no 
valves  to  get  out  of  order.  One  gallon  capacity. 

It  not  at  your  dealers,  sent  direct  on  receipt  of 
price,  $1.25,  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 

i OTIS  &  MOE,  [540  S. Dearborn  St.,  Chicago 


SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  and  Cock¬ 
erels;  any  quantity  at  attractive  prices;  bred-to-Iav 
kind.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Fleminoton,  N.  J. 

SUPERB  STRAIN”  WHITE  WYANDOTTES-Selected  C0CK- 
ERELS  for  breeding,  $2.00  and  $3.00  each,  this 
month.  If  they  don  t  please,  return  at  our  ex¬ 
pense^  0WNLAND  FARM,  Box  497,  South  Hammond,  N.  Y. 


Hone’s  Rose  Comb  Reds  and  Large,  vigorous  util- 
Mammatti  B,.»ze  TURKEYS  S&tfgjOS 

selected  layers;  also  choice  yearling  breeders  at 
reasonable  prices,  quality  considered.  All  birds 
shipped  on  approval. 

D.  R.  HONE,  Crescent  Hill  Farm,  Sharon  Sprinos,  N.  Y. 


Crystal  White  Orpingtons 

Writo  RAY  SCHERMERHORN,  Box  B,  South  Hammond,  N.Y. 


BARRED  ROCKS,  Runner  Ducks,  Toulonse  Geese. 
Bred -to- lay  strains.  Nelson’s,  Grove  City,  Pa. 


FOR  SALE — Carefully  selected,  large,  vigorous  March 
1  latched  >S.  C.  White  Leghorn  Cockerels,  direct 
Corning  strain,  $2.50  apiece.  Orders  for  25  or 
more,  $2.25.  The  Endicott  Farm,  New  Brunswick.  N.  J. 


S.C.W.  Leghorn  Pulletr&\Vffi&dkSSB: 

choice  stock.  John  P.  Case  &  Sons,  Clover  Hill,  N.  J. 

Fiqhpl  Strain  nirprf— WH,TE  R0CK  cockerels-$2 

ribllCI  oil  dill  UlltJOl  to$5.  May  be  returned  if 
not  satisfactory.  Geo.  H.  Pierce,  Allegany,  N.  Y. 

Pullets,  Large,  Early,  Mixed  Breeds 

at  80c  each  in  lots  of  10  or  more,  cash  with  order. 
F.  O. B.  here.  J.  HARLAN,  R.  D.  24,  Athens.  Pa. 

WHITE  EMDEN  GEESE-||  gg;  ^Jg 

for  rest  of  December,  cash  with  order,  F  O  B  hero 
Maple  Cove  Poultry  Yards,  R.  D.  24,  Athens,  Pa! 

500  Choice  Single  Comb  White  Leghorn 

yearling  liens  $1.00,  less  10*  100  lots.  300  selected 
April  and  May  pullets  $1.25.  Laying  kind. 

J.  L.  ELLIOTT  Fleinington,  N.  J. 

POULTRYMENU?6^1  2c 'stamP  for  Illustrated 

r.nr  Catalog  describing  35  varieties. 

EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS  MARIETTA  PA 


Make  Your  Hens  Lay 

Send  for  and  read  our  book  on  feeding  raw  bone.  Rich  In  protein  and  all  other 
egg  elements.  Get  twice  the  eggs,  more  fertile  eggs,  vigorous  chicks,  earlier 
broilers,  heavier  fowls,  bigger  profits. 

MANN’S  “T,|J„'S'SfTLTtR  10  PITS’ FBEETBUl 

Makes  bone-cutting  simple,  easy  rapid.  Try  It  and  see.  Open  hopper,  auto- 
maticieea.  Outsail  bone  with  adhering  meat  and  gristle.  Neverclojrs.  Don’t 

buy  until  you  try.  Book  free.  F,  W.  MANN  CO,,  Box  15  ,  Milford,  Mas*. 


Thanksgiving  Poultry  Market. 

Prices  of  dressed  turkeys  dropped  three 
to  four  cents  the  early  part  of  Thanksgiving 
week,  owing  to  a  sticky  rain  that  made  deal¬ 
ers  anxious  to  sell.  Large  quantities  or 
very  good  turkeys  wholesaled  from  18  to 
20  cents.  Some  Maryland,  Pennsylvania 
and  nearby  went  higher,  up  to  25  cents. 
Retail  buyers  paid  20  to  30  cents,  25  to 
27  cents  covering  a  large  majority  of 
sales.  Choice  chickens  and  ducks  were 
rather  scarce,  selling  higher  than  medium 
grade  turkeys.  Speculative  buying  was  not 
so  active  as  usual.  The  restrictions  placed 
by  law  upon  cold  storage  make  speculation 
more  risky  than  formerly,  when  bargains 
in  poultry  trash  were  picked  up  and  stored 
as  many  times  as  desired  until  sold.  Now 
the  man  who  stores  rubbish  knows  he  must 
sell  it  the  first  time  it  is  removed,  as  it 
cannot  lawfully  be  stored  again. 


Despurrixo  a  Cock. — On  page  1104  the 
question  was  asked  about  removing  spurs. 
Profitable  Poultry  prints  the  following : 
“There  is  a  simpler  method  of  removing 
than  sawing  them  off.  Put  two  or  three 
potatoes  in  a  pan  to  boil  (do  not  remove 
the  skins),  and  while  they  are  boiling  bring 
the  cock  to  a  suitable  place  for  the  oper¬ 
ation.  Wrap  around  his  body  and  wings 
an  old  bag,  a  towel,  or  some  such  article 
which  will  make  him  easy  to  hold.  Cut  a 
shallow  groove  in  the  spur  at  the  place 
where  you  want  it  to  come  off ;  then, 
when  the  potatoes  are  soft  take  one  out 
and  send  the  spur  into  it  until  the  groove 
is  on  the  edge  of  the  potato,  hold  it  on 
for  a  few  moments  and  the  spur  will  easily 
come  off  at  the  groove  when  pressed  by  the 
thumb.  It  will  leave  a  short  and  pointed 
spur  like  that  of  a  young  bird.” 

Expresraoe  on  Poultry. — l'ou  ask  for  in¬ 
stances  showing  express  company  vagaries 
in  charges.  The  other  day  I  received  a 
heavy  crate  containing  five  heavy  yearling 
Langsban  hens  from  Connecticut,  and  paid 
50  cents  expressage.  Yesterday  from  a  town 
in  Maine  probably  less  than  half  the  dis¬ 
tance  from  Portland,  our  nearby  city.  I 
received  a  single  cockerel  in  light  boxwood 
crate  of  the  kind  specially  made  for  the 
purpose,  and  paid  65  cents  on  him.  Can 
anyone  explain  the  why-ness  of  this?  Auv 
one  of  the  hens  weighed  more  than  he  did, 
the  crate  was  many  times  heavier,  two  or 
three  times  anyway,  and  the  hens  passed 
through  parts  of  three  States,  the  cockerel 
through  not  more  than  121  miles  of  Maine 


xm0 


A  Sure  Way 
To  Get  More  Eggs 


- - „ 

,  TT1  J'l 

Remember  it  is  not  always  the  amount  of  ration  a  hen  eatt  that  goes  to  make  eggs,  but  the 
amount  she  digests— keep  that  fact  uppermost  in  your  mind — acton  it — and  you’ll  make  the  egg 
business  a  paying  business.  Dr.  Hess  has  compounded  a  number  of  bitter  tonics  which  help  the  hen 


'  >'  N  N/  ^  ^ 

lijjl  I  '  v, 

ifel 


to  digest  more  of  her  food  and  thereby  increase  her  egg  yield. 


DR.  HESS  Poultry  PAN-A-CE-A 


is  the  personal  formula  of  Dr.  Hess  (M.D.,  D.V.S.);  it  solves  the  problem  of  con¬ 
verting  nutritious  food  elements  into  eggs  by  sound  digestion.  By  exactly  the 
same  process,  Dr.  Hess  Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a  fattens  broilers  and  helps  the 
chicks  to  vigorous  maturity.  A  penny’s  worth  feeds  thirty  fowl  per  day 
— sold  under  the  most  liberal  guarantee. 


I a* 


-eSE 


Oar  Proposition — You  buy  Dr.  Hess  Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a  of  your 
dealer.  If  it  fails  to  make  your  hens  lay  more  eggs  and  keep  your 
poultry  healthy,  he  is  authorized  by  us  to  refund  your  money. 

1/4  lbs.  25c;  mail  or  express  40c;  5  lbs.  60c;  12  lbs.  $1.25; 

251b.  pail  $2.50;except  in  Canada  and  the  extreme  West. 

If  your  dealer  cannot  supply  you,  we  will.  Send  2c 
for  Dr.  Hess  48-page  Poultry  Book,  Free. 

DR.  HESS  &  CLARK 

Ashland,  Ohio 


DR.  HESS  STOCK  TONIC. 

cess  as  a  flesh,  muscle  and  milk  producer. 


Been  18  years  on  the  market — proved  a  continuous  suc- 
Good  for  Horses,  Steers,  Hogs,  Cattle  and  Sheep.  Increases 
digestion — lessens  nutritive  waste  of  feed — makes  a  splendid  conditioner.  Not  a  ration — but  makes  a  ration  more 
valuable.  Guaranteed  just  the  same  as  Dr.  Hess  Poultry  Pan-a-ce-a.  100  lb.  sack  $5.00;  25  1b.  Pail  $1.60.  Except  in 
Canada  and  extreme  West  and  South.  Send  2c  for  Dr.  Hess  Stock  Book,  free. 

Free  from  the  1  st  to  the  1  Oth  of  each  month— Dr.  Hess  (M.D.,  D.V.S.)  will  prescribe  for  your  ailing 
animals.  96-page  Veterinary  Book  free  for  the  asking.  Mention  this  paper 

and  enclose  2c  stamp. 


KNSTANT  LOUSE  KILLER  MULLS  LUCE 


1180 


THE  RUHAlj  NEW-YORKER 


December  9, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 

This  year  we  have  prepared  for  you  a 
little  book  which  we  believe  will  be  the 
means  of  saving  you  more  money  than 
the  subscription  price  of  die  paper  for 
many  years  to  come.  When  we  began 
this  Publisher’s  Desk  work  in  a  small 
way  we  had  no  conception  ourselves  of 
the  millions  of  dollars  allured  from 
hard-working  and  frugal  people  by 
crooks  and  swindlers  of  one  degree  and 
another.  The  extent  of  these  swindles 
reported  by  our  own  subscribers  alone 
simply  appalls  us.  It  has  got  to  be  a 
national  scandal.  We  get  this  back  when 
we  can.  Sometimes  we  succeed.  Often 
we  fail.  We  get  a  few  dollars  of  over¬ 
charge  back  from  the  express  companies 
and  railroads.  If  rogues  in  the  com¬ 
mission  trade  want  to  stay  in  the  busi¬ 
ness  for  a  while  longer  we  make  them 
settle  for  shipments.  During  the  last 
year  we  collected  $300  from  a  railroad 
for  one  shipper  of  a  car  of  goods;  we 
forced  a  cattle  crook  to  settle  a  farmer’s 
claim  of  $1,100;  we  just  secured  a  re¬ 
adjustment  that  saved  to  a  farm  buyer 
$500  in  commissions  alone  on  the  pur¬ 
chase  of  a  farm.  We  make  small  ad¬ 
justments  for  some  subscriber  almost 
every  day.  We  cannot  report  one  in 
ten  in  the  paper.  They  seem  to  count 
up.  But  these  collections  are  only  a 
drop  in  the  ocean  compared  with  the 
losses  sustained  by  our  people.  We 
forced  the  payment  of  about  $2,000  by 
E.  G.  Lewis ;  but  we  have  more  than 
$100,000  in  claims  now  against  him,  and 
it  is  estimated  that  in  all  he  has  col¬ 
lected  $8,000,000  from  the  people.  It  is 
plain  from  these  experiences  that  we 
cannot  hope  to  recover  much  money  or 
much  property  after  it  has  once  found 
its  way  into  the  possession  of  rogues. 
Hence  we  have  turned  our  attention  to 
the  task  of  preventing  the  robberies.  In 
this  little  book  we  give  you  the  infor¬ 
mation  that  will  enable  you  to  recognize 
the  fakes  and  frauds  and  swindles  as 
they  are  presented  to  you.  The  trick  is 
made  clear  in  every  instance.  After  a 
reading  of  the  little  book,  you  will  be 
forewarned,  and  in  a  position  to  resist 
the  allurements  of  any  rogue  with  a  gold 
brick  or  a  get-rich-quick  scheme.  The 
title  of  the  book  is 

HIND-SIGHTS 

OR 

LOOKING  BACKWARD  AT  SWINDLES 

Each  year  we  like  to  send  our  sub¬ 
scribers  a  little  souvenir  as  an  expres¬ 
sion  of  our  appreciation  of  their  con¬ 
tinued  friendship  and  support.  This 
year  we  will  ask  you  to  accept  ‘‘Hind- 
Sights”  with  our  compliments.  It  will 
be  mailed  promptly  each  day  as  the  re¬ 
newal  subscriptions  are  received. 

It  has  got  to  be  a  custom  with  many 
of  our  old  subscribers  to  make  friends 
a  Christmas  present  of  a  year’s  sub¬ 
scription  to  T he  Rural  New-Yorker. 
But  often  times  these  orders  come  in  a 
little  too  late  to  advise  the  recipient  of 
the  courtesy  before  Christmas  Day.  For 
this  reason  we  wish  to  suggest  that 
such  orders  should  be  sent  in  early,  and 
the  cards  of  notification  will  be  prepared 
and  mailed  in  time  to  reach  the  friends 
at  the  proper  time. 

Last  week  the  promoters  of  another 
get-rich-quick  scheme  were  indicted  in 
New  York  City.  This  case  is  conspicu¬ 
ous  in  that  a  woman,  one  Miss  Mary  J. 
Dugan,  was  the  head  of  the  concern, 
known  as  the  Manhattan  Real  Estate 
Company.  Miss  Dugan  and  H.  J.  Bay- 
ley,  an  associate,  are  missing;  but  three 
others  are  under  bail.  This  was  one  of 
the  first  concerns  to  advertise  bonds, 
based  on  real  estate.  As  we  have  so 
often  told  our  people,  these  so-called 
bonds  are  nothing  but  notes  of  the 
company,  and  the  companies  selling 
them  merely  hold  title  to  real  estate 
heavily  mortgaged.  Several  such  con¬ 
cerns  have  gone  to  the  wall  of  late,  and 
all  of  them  are  top-heavy  with  borrowed 
money.  This  woman  lived  in  high  style 
since  she  went  into  the  promotion  busi¬ 
ness,  though  she  was  a  stenographer  pre¬ 
viously.  After  she  learned  the  trick  of 
borrowing  easy  money  from  people  who 
worked  and  saved,  she  attired  herself 
in  a  mannish  habit  and  became  a  con¬ 
spicuous  figure  as  she  rode  astride 
through  the  city  parks.  How  do  you 
like  the  idea  of  working  and  saving 
money  to  furnish  saddle  horses,  riding 
habits  and  elegant  homes  for  Miss  Du¬ 
gan  and  her  type?  There  are  probably 
a  dozen  similar  concerns  flourishing  in 
New  York  City  to-day,  and  many  of 
them  are  getting  money  on  these 
“bonds”  from  country  people.  Some  of 
these  dupes  tell  us  to  leave  them  alone 
or  they  cannot  succeed  with  the  scheme. 
Bless  their  confiding  souls!.  These 
schemers  succeed  from  the  time  they 
get  the  first  dollar.  Their  horses,  ancf 


saddles,  and  habits,  and  autos,  and  the¬ 
aters,  and  fast  living  generally  develop 
with  the  increase  of  the  remittances. 
When  money  invested  in  high  living  re¬ 
turns  a  profit  you  may  look  for  a  divi¬ 
dend  on  such  investments. 

The  most  extraordinary  thing  that  has 
yet  come  to  our  attention  is  a  full  page 
advertisement  in  a  Western  paper  pro¬ 
posing  the  sale  of  stock  in  a  company 
which  proposes  to  publish  a  series  of 
books  about  Luther  Burbank.  As  near 
as  we  can  make  out,  the  proposition  is  to 
sell  stock  in  a  company  to  be  formed  to 
publish  books  to  be  written  about  the 
Burbank  creations  or  developments.  Of 
course  there  is  the  old  promoting  prom¬ 
ise  of  big  profits  and  surplus  earnings. 
If  the  books  are  ever  written  I  cannot 
see  what  earthly  practical  benefit  they 
can  ever  be  to  a  farmer  or  anyone  else. 
If  the  editor  has  some  literary  talent 
and  a  liberal  amount  of  imagination  the 
books  may  have  merit  as  works  of  fic¬ 
tion.  If  the  books  are  as  romantic  as 
the  advertisement  they  may  revive  the 
taste  for  the  dime  novel  of  a  half  cen¬ 
tury  ago.  If  any  publisher  wants  to  go 
into  the  venture  of  publishing  the  books 
with  his  own  capital,  well  and  good ; 
but  when  he  invites  the  public  to  take 
the  risk,  while  he  grabs  the  job  of  print¬ 
ing  at  his  own  price,  we  think  he  expects 
too  much  of  the  public,  and  we  advise 
our  people  to  forego  the  prospective 
profits. 

Ilarr.v  S.  Reardon,  a  salesman  for  the 
stock  of  the  Columbian-Sterling  Magazine 
Company,  which  acquired  ownership  of 
Hampton's  Magazine,  was  arrested  yester¬ 
day  on  the  charge  of  fraudulent  use  of  the 
mails  and  remanded  to  the  Tombs  by  United 
States  Commissioner  Shields  in  default  of 
*3,500  bail.  On  July  17  Reardon  wrote  to 
Miss  Nina  N.  Wright  of  Plainfield,  Conn., 
stating  that  the  Columbian-Sterling  con¬ 
cern  was  in  good  condition,  and,  as  a  re¬ 
sult  of  his  urging.  Miss  Wright,  invested 
*10,000  in  the  scrip,  which  is  now  value¬ 
less. — New  York  World. 

It  is  about  time  the  publishing  swin¬ 
dles  got  an  airing,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped 
that  the  promoters  will  get  a  much 
needed  lesson  from  the  criminal  courts. 
To  induce  a  woman  to  give  up  $10,000 
for  a  piece  of  worthless  paper  may  be 
more  genteel  than  slipping  into  her 
home  at  night  and  taking  the  money 
without  her  consent,  but  the  one  form 
of  stealing  is  as  effective  as  the  other. 
If  one  were  to  analyze  the  two  methods 
he  must  admit  that  the  promoter’s  form 
is  more  contemptible  than  that  of  the 
burglar. 

But  this  Columbian-Sterling  crowd 
has  made  a  bad  mess  of  it.  One  of  them, 
Mr.  Orff,  should  have  learned  his 
lesson  better  at  St.  Louis,  whence  he 
comes.  He  should  set  himself  up  as  a 
martyr,  tell  his  dupes  their  business  has 
been  assassinated,  appeal  to  them  for 
more  funds  to  fight  their  cause,  and  get 
some  sympathetic  Congressman  to  in¬ 
troduce  a  bill  in  Congress  to  indemnify 
him  for  his  loss  of  an  opportunity  to 
continue  the  robbery.  If  he  timed  it 
just  right,  the  incident  might  serve  for 
campaign  fuel  before  an  election,  and  a 
committee  might  make  a  pyrotechnical 
display  of  the  promoter’s  grievances 
with  a  combined  view  of  discrediting  the 
honest  officials  who  are  trying  to  protect 
the  people,  and  at  the  same  time  so 
blind  the  eyes  of  the  public  that  the 
rogues  would  escape  punishment.  It  is 
true  that  Lewis  got  dollars  where  his 
bungling  pupils  got  pennies.  It  is  equally 
true  that  the  bigger  the  stealing  the 
easier  the  escape,  but  these  petty  schem¬ 
ers  have  had  the  advantage  of  the.  ex¬ 
perience  of  their  master,  and  owe  it  to 
him  to  make  a  better  showing  than  to  go 
submissively  to  jail.  J.  J-  d. 


DOLORES-CASHMERE 

Something  new  for  Ladies’  and  Misses’  Dresses.  A 
high-grade  goods  at  a  low  price.  Samples  of  37 
different  colors  sent  on  receipt  of  12c  to  cover  labor 
and  postage.  Write  to-  ■  iwr  Af'CMTC 
day.  A  few  openings  for  l»IVt  AuCm  I  O 
Holbrook  &  White,  1870  W.  7th  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 


SKUNK 


We  buy  Skunk,  Mink, Musk¬ 
rat  and  all  other  raw  furs  at 
highest  market  prices,  and 
give  liberal  assortments  and 
“A  square  deal”  to  everyone. 

_ i  Price-list  free. 

M.  J.  Jewett  «fc  Sons,  Redwood,  N.  Y„  Dept.  29 


DLANT  your  APPLE  ORCHARD  in  the  Kin- 
*  derhook  Country  where  g'ood  orchards  and 
good  living  go  together.  Come  and  see.  Ask 
for  booklet.  Rural  Life  Co.,  Kinderhook,  N.  Y. 


lor  Thrifty  Mon  &Youn^  Mon 

CLOTHCRAFT 
CLOTHES  ASs 


BETWEEN  the  two  ex¬ 
tremes  in  price,  Clothcraft 
Clothes  can  be  compared 
only  with  the  high-priced  lines, 
because  their  correct  style  and 
unusual  perfection  of  fit  are 
coupled  with  guaranteed  service 

The  One  Guaranteed  All-Wool  Line 
at  Medium  Prices:  $10  to  $25 

The  Clothcraft  guaranty,  found 
in  the  pocket  of  every  Clothcraft 
coat  and  overcoat,  puts  the  responsibil¬ 
ity  squarely  up  to  the  maker.  It 
assures  absolutely  pure  wool  cloth, 
first-class  trimmings  and  workman¬ 
ship,  permanent  shapeliness,  and  last¬ 
ing  satisfaction.  Thus  in  Clothcraft 
Clothes  you  get  all  the  essentials  of 
higher-priced  clothes  at  a  saving  of 
$5  to  $10. 

These  advantages  are  assured  by  Clothcraft 
Scientific  Tailoring — the  result  of  sixty-one 
years  devoted  solely  to  making  good  clothes 
at  medium  prices.  It  is  the  only  means  through 
which  we  have  been  able  to  improve  the  quality 
while  cutting  down  the  cost. 

The  only  way  to  be  sure  of  all-wool  clothes  at 
$10  to  $25  is  to  buy  Clothcraft  Clothes — and 
to  buy  early,  while  assortments  are  good. 

Go  to  the  Nearest  Clothcraft  Store 


Ask  particularly  to  see  the  Clothcraft  Blue 
Serge  Special.  No.  4130,  at  $18.50;  and  be  sure 
to  try  on  several  Clothcraft  coats  and  overcoats, 
so  you  can  see  how  well  they  fit.  Notice  the 
close-fitting  collar,  the  shapely  shoulders, and  the 
full,  smooth  coat-front. 

If  you  don't  know  a  Clothcraft  Store,  write 
us  today.  We'll  promptly  send  you  the  Cloth¬ 
craft  Style-Book  for  fall  and  winter,  with  the 
name  of  the  nearest  dealer. 


THE  JOSEPH  &  FEISS  CO. 


Founded  1850 — Oldest  American 
Manufacturers  of  Men’s  Clothes 

635  St.  Clair  Avenue,  N.  V/. 


Louis  A.  Rubenstein  Fur  Co. 

52  West  28th  ftreet,  New  York 

We  pay  the  highest  market  prices  and  want  your 

FURS 

Latest  price  list  ready— send  for  same. 


LET  US  TAN 
HIDE. 

Cattle  or  Horse  hide.  Calf.  Dog,  Deer, 
or  any  kind  of  skin  with  liair  or  fur  on. 
We  make  them  soft,  light,  odorless, 
wind,  moth  and  water  proof,  and  make 
them  into  coats  (for  men  or  women), 
robes,  rugs  or  gloves  when  so  ordered. 

Yotir  fur  goods  will  cost  you  less  than 
to  buy  them,  and  bo  worth  more.  It 
will  certainly  pay  you  to  look  into  it. 

Our  illustrated  catalog  gives  a  lot  of 
information.  Tells  how  to  take  olf  and 
care  for  hides ;  how  wo  pay  the  freight 
both  ways  ;  about  our  marvelous  brush 
dyeing  process  which  is  ft  tremendous 
advantage  to  the  customer,  especially 
on  horse  hides  and  calf  skins;  about 
the  goods  wo  sell,  taxidermy,  etc.,  but 
we  never  send  out  this  valuable  book 
except  upon  request.  If  you  want  a 
copv  send  in  your  correct  address. 

The  Crosby  Frisian  Fur  Company, 
571  Lyell  Ave.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


$3,000,000 

Will  be  saved  this  winter  to  the 
15,000  users  of  Indiana  Silos.  Are 
you  getting  your  share?  Thero 
Is  another  winter  coming.  Our 

best  salesman  are  the  15,000 
Indiana  Silos  now  in  use. 

SILO  PROFITS 

Written  by  over  two  hundred  of  the  best  breeders, 
feeders  and  farmers  in  the  world.  ‘‘Tells  how  they 
greatly  Increased  their  profits.”  ge*  Write  for  this 
valuable  book  and  our  new  catalog  now— FREE. 
Licensed  under  Harder  Patent  No.  627,782. 

INDIANA  SILO  COMPANY 

The  largest  manufacturers  of  811os  in  the  world. 
Address  nearest  factory : 

Union  Bldg.,  Anderson,  Indiana 
318  Indiana  Bldg.  Des  Moines,  Iowa 
Silo  Bldg.  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

,r?*Oood  Agents  wanted  everywhere. 


ILEA-Ij  1ESTA.TE 


GRAIN 

CROP 


ALBERTA’S 

Reports  from  the  grain  fields  of  Alberta, 
Western  Canada,  show  splendid 
,  yields  of  wheat,  oats  and 
barley. 

Many  farmers  have  paid 
for  their  land  out  of  the  pro¬ 
ceeds  of  the  crop  of  1911. 

At  exhibitions  throughout 
I  the  U.  S.  wherever  the  grain 
1  from  this  Province  has  been 
I  shown  it  has  received  the 
highest  commendation. 
Free  Homesteads  of  160  acres 
land  adjoining  pre-emptions  of 
« 160  acres  (at  $3  per  acre)  are  to 
Jbe  had  in  the  choicest  districts. 

Schools  convenient,  climate 
excellent,  soil  of  the  very  best, 
railways  close  at  hand.building 
lumber  cheap,  fuel  easy  to  get 
and  reasonable  in  price,  water 
easily  procured,  mixed  farming 
a  great  success. 

Write  as  to  best  place  for  settlement, 
settlers’  low  railway  rates,  pamphlet 
"Last  BestWest.”  and  other  Information, 
to  Supt.  of  Immigration,  Ottawa,  Can., 
or  to  Can.  Gov.  Agt. 

J.  S.  CRAWFORD 
301  B.  GENESEE  STREET 
Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


gm  An  Open  Winter, 

for  the  man  living  in  the  Southeast. 

Pleasant  summers  and  mild  winters  make  the  South 
the  ideal  home  country.  Wonderful  opportunities 
for  investments  in  land  which  will  soon  be  worth 
double  its  present  cost.  Its  producing  qualities 
are  limitless. 

Prices  now  range  from  $10  an  acre  up. 

Two  to  three  crops  from  the  same  soil  per  sea-  f  9 
son.  Fruit,  truck,  alfalfa,  corn,  cotton, wheats 
etc.,  yield  large  profits. 

Beef  and  Pork  produced  at  3  to  4  cents. 

Special  literature  on  each  State. 

Let  us  know  which  interests 
you.  Write  at  once. 

M.  V.  RICHARDS, 

L. 81.  Agt.,  South.  Ry. 

Room  07 
Washington, D.C. 


OWN  A  SOUTH  CAROLINA  FARM-Seventeen  Thousand 
Acres  rich  virgin  land  on  main  line  Seaboard 
Air  Line  Railway,  at  McBee,  S.  C.  Fifteen  to 
Twenty-five  Dollars  per  acre.  Investigated  and 
endorsed  by  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  of  South 
Carolina.  Will  divide  to  suit.  Easy  payment  plan. 
Specially  adapted  for  growing  truck,  fruit,  corn 
and  cotton.  High  and  dry ;  no  swamps.  Ideal  cli¬ 
mate.  Near  famous  winter  resorts  of  Southern 
Pines  and  Camden.  Three  railroads  through  prop¬ 
erty.  Eighteen  hours  to  New  York.  Low  freight 
ratos.  Write  for  literature.  SOUTHERN  LAND 
DEVELOPMENT  CO.,  Dept.  12,  Laurens,  S.  C. 


FINE  MARYLAND  FARM  opportunity.  310 acres, 

250  under  active  state  of  cultivation,  balance  in 
wood,  20  acres  of  which  refused  offer  of  $50.00  per 
acre  on  stump.  Land  best  in  Maryland  for  corn, 
wheat,  grass.  In  heart  of  ricli  section  of  the  richest 
county:  7  room  dwelling  in  good  condition,  barns 
and  outbuildings  amply  sufficient.  Excellent  neigh¬ 
borhood,  fi  miles  from  li.  R.  on  State  road  to  bo 
macadamized.  16  miles  from  Baltimore.  $50.00 
per  acre.  A  reduction  made  and  exceptional 
easy  terms  offered  to  quick  taker. 

Edward  B.  Powell,  Ellicott  City,  Maryland. 


rf\n  C  A  I  C-Kiver  Kurin ;  lr.O  acres;  21  head  cattle;  2 
rUn  OML-C  horses;  all  farming  tools;  191 L  crops;  build¬ 
ings  good.  $5,000;  cash,  $3,000. 

CRANSTON’S  AGENCY,  Cannonsville,  Delaware  County,  N.  Y. 


IRfl  Forme  F0R  PAIiE  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
I  JU  I  d I  III O  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  HORACE  6.  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa- 


Yon  can  buy  your  winter  homesite 
at  Allandaie,  Port  Orange,  on  fa¬ 
mous  East  Coast,  and  build  your 
UnUCQITCC  home  for  less  than  the  cost  of 
H  U  m  tol  I  Co  wintering  at  a  Florida  hotel. 

Fishing,  boating,  finest  automobile  racecourse  on 
cean  beach.  Write  for  tiie  Allandaie  booklet. 

THE  ALLANDALE  COMPANY,  Daytena,  Fleritia 


Borrow  My  New  Mill 

CHATHAM 
Grain  Grader, 
Cleaner  and 


Clean  and  Grade 
Your  Grain  FREE! 

Use  30  days,  free,  my  1912 Chat- 
hamMill.  No  freight  to  pay.  No 
money  down.  Clean  and  grade 
all  your  grain.  Then  take 
time  in  paying  me  my  low 
price,  or  send  mill  back  at 
my  expense. 

Chatham  Mill  actually  grades  and 
cleans  75  seed  mixtures  —  Onts, 
Wheat,  Corn,  Barley,  Flax,  Clover, 
Timothy,  etc.  Takes  Oats  from 
■  Wheat,  any  mixture  from  Flax, 

Buekliorn  from  Clover.  Sorts  Corn  for  edge-drop 
planter.  Takes  out  all  dirt,  dust,  chaff  and  weed-seed 
from  any  grain.  Handles  80  bushels  per  hour.  Hand  or 

Sas  power.  The  Outfit  1  loan  freo  includes:  1912  Chatham 
[ill.  Bagger,  Power  Attachment,  Corn  Gruding  Attach¬ 
ment  and  Instruction  Book. 

Send  NOW  Sor  My  Free  Book— 

*‘Tli©  Chatham  System  of  Breeding  IMg  Crops. 
Numo  on  postal  sent  to  nearest  address  brings  it. 

THE  MANSON  CAMPBELL  CO. 

[16]  Detroit— Kansas  City— Minneapolis 


Manson 

Campbell 


Gasor 

Huud 

Power 


80  Bn.  per  Hour 


1911. 


THK  RURAt  NEW-VORKEK 


1187 


Crops  and  Markets 

Wholesale  Prices  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  December  1,  1911. 


BUTTKIl 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 36  ®  .37 

Good  to  Choice . 30  @  .35 

cower  Grades  . 25  @  .28 

Storage . 26  @  .34 

8tate  Dairy,  best . 33  ®  .34 

Common  to  Good . . . 23  @  .30 

Factory . 20  @  .23 

Hacking  Stock . . 17  @  .22 

Elgin,  111.,  butter  market  firm  at  36  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  34  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  37  cents. 
CHEESE 


EGGS 


Storage,  prime 


BEANS 


Prime  to  Choice. 


HOPS 


German  Crop,  new . 

DRIED  FRUITS 


.14 

@ 

•is*; 

.12 

@ 

.13 

.06 

@ 

.13 

.50 

@ 

.56 

.40 

@ 

.43 

.33 

@ 

.38 

.40 

@ 

.46 

.15 

@ 

.22 

.14 

® 

.18 

.22 

@ 

.24 

4.20 

® 

4.75 

3.90 

® 

4.20 

3.90 

@ 

4.25 

® 

4.16 

6.00 

® 

5.46 

6.60 

® 

6.60 

.55 

@ 

.57 

.52 

@ 

.54 

.46 

@ 

.50 

.88 

@ 

.91 

.09 

® 

.10 

.07 

@ 

.08 

.07 

@ 

.08 

02  X® 

■02  H 

.19 

® 

.21 

.26 

@ 

.27 

FRESH  FRUITS 

Apples, 'Wealthy,  bbl . 2.00  ®  3.25 

Spy .  1.75  ®  3.00 

8pltzenburg  . 2.00 

Twenty  Ounce .  2.25 

McIntosh .  2.50 

Ben  Davis .  1.50 

Baldwin .  1.60 

Greening .  1.60 

King . 2.25 

Unbbardston . 1.50 

York  Imperial .  1.50 

Western,  box .  1.25 

Pears,  KielTer,  bbl .  1.00 

Cranberries.  Cape  Cod,  bbl .  6.00 

Jersey,  bbl . 7.00 

Grapes,  Concord  Black,  1-lb.  bkt . 10 

Niagara . 11 

Catawba . 08 

Strawberries,  Calif.,  pt . 30 

VEGETA BEES 

Potatoes,  N.  Y.  State,  bbl . 2.75 

Maine,  bag .  2.75 

Dong  Island,  bbl .  3.25 

Michigan.  150-lb.  bag . 2.25 

Foreign.  108-lb.  bag . 2.60 

Bermuda,  bbl . 5.00 

Sweet  Potatoes,  bbl .  2.00 

Asparagus,  Calif.,  doz .  4.00  _ 

Brussels  Sprouts,  qt . 06  ® 

Beets,  bbl .  1.00 

Carrots,  bbl . 75 


@  3.50 
@  3.50 
®  4.00 
@  2  50 
("  2.60 
®  3.50 
@  3.50 
@  2.50 
@  3.25 
@  3.00 
®  2.75 
®  it  00 
®  8.00 
@  .11 
®  .13 
@  .09 
@  .35 


@  3.00 
@  3.00 
@  3.50 
@  2.50 
@  2.75 
@  6  60 
@  3.60 
@  6.00 
.10 
®  1.50 
..  ..  ®  1.25 

Cabbage,  Danish  seed,  ton . 16.00  ®  18.00 

Domestic  seed,  ton . 10.00  ®14.00 

Caulitlowcrs,  L.  I.,  bbl .  1.00  ®  4.00 

Cncuinbers.  Southern,  bu .  2.00  @  3.00 

Lettuce,  tg-bbl.  bkt .  .50  @  1.25 

Onions.  State  and  Western,  1U0  lbs...  1.75  ®  2.25 

Orange  Co.,  bag .  2.25  @  2.60 

White,  bu .  1.50  ®  2.25 

Peppers,  Southern,  carrier .  1.00  @  1.75 

Peas.  Southern,  bu .  3.00  ®  6.00 

String  Deans,  bu . 1.00  @  3.00 

Spinach,  bbl . 50  ®  .75 

8qu:ish.  Marrow’,  bbl . 60  ®  .75 

Hubbard,  bbl . 60  @  .75 


@  1.00 
®  1.26 
@  2.75 
®  3.00 

®  1.00 
&  4.00 
.20 
.75 
m  .'i:) 
@  2.50 


Turnins,  Rutabaga,  bbl . 75 

White,  bbl .  1.00 

Egg  Plants.  Fla.,  box .  1,75 

Tomatoes,  Fla.  Carrier .  2.00 

HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 

Cucumbers.  No.  1,  doz . 75 

No.  2,  box .  3.00  _ 

Tomatoes,  lb . 10  ® 

Lettuce,  doz . 00  ® 

Mushrooms,  lb . 25 

Radishes,  100  bunches .  1.60 

NUTS 

Chestnuts,  bu .  1.00  ®  3.25 

Shellbarks,  per  60  lbs .  2.00  @  2.75 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Chickens,  lb . . . 09  ®  .10 

Fowls . 09  ®  .10 

Roosters . 07  @  .0714 

Docks . 12  @  .13 

Geese . 12  ®  .13 

Turkeys . 14  ®  .16 

Guineas,  pair . 40  @  .50 

ORESSICD  POULTRY 

Turkeys.  Spring,  best . 21  ®  .22 

Common  to  Good . 12  @  .19 

Chickens,  choice  broilers,  lb . 22  @  25 

Hrollers,  common  to  good . 18  ®  .21 

Roasters . 15  @  .20 

Fowls .  13  ®  .16 

8pring  Ducks,  lb . 16  ®  .19 

Geese . 12  @  .15 

Squabs,  doz . 1.50  ®  4.60 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 

Calves,  prime,  lb . 12  @  .12*, 

Common  to  good . 09  @  .11 

Buttermilks . 07  @  .08 

Lambs,  hothouse,  head .  8.00  @11.00 

Roasting  Pigs,  lb . (18  @  ,09*£ 

Pork.  Light . 07*£@  .08*$ 

Heavy . 06*$®  .07 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Hay.  Timothy  No.  1,  ton . 25.00  @  26.00 

No.  2 . 23.00  @  24.00 

No.  3 . 20.00  @  21. 00 

Clover  Mixed . 19.00  @  24  00 

Clover . . . 20.00  @  24.00 

Straw,  Rye . 17.00  ®  19.00 

Oat  and  Wheat . 8.00  ®  11.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 4.60 

Bulls . 2.50 

Cows .  1 .75 

Calves,  Pi  Into  Veal,  100  lbs . 5.50 

Culls . 3.50 

Sheep.  100  lbs .  1.50 

Lambs .  4.60 

Hogs . 5.00 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.71 

No.  2.  Red . 96 

No.  2  Hard  Winter .  1.03 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 70 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 60 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 95 

Barley,  choice .  1.15 

MILL  FEED— Cab  Lots 

Spring  Bran, ton . 26.00 

Standard  Middlings . 27.60 

Red  Dog . 31.00 

Hominy  Chop . 29.00 

Linseed  Meal . 39.50 

Corn  Meal . 31.00 

COTTON 

New  York  Middling  Upland . 

Middling  Gulf . 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling  .... 

Good  Middling  ... 


@  7.00 
@  4.65 
@  6.00 
@  9.50 
®  5.00 
@  3.85 
®  5.60 
@  0.60 

®  .. 
®  .. 
@  . 
@  .80 
@  .55 
@  .99 
®  1.25 

@  27.60 
@  30.00 
@  32.00 
@  30.20 
@  40.00 
@  32.00 

9.30 
9.55 
8.50 

9.40 


WE  BUY  RAW  FURS 

and  being  located  in  New  York  since  1861  can  pay 
best  prices:  references;  no  commissions.  Price 
list  free.  SHIP  TO  A  RELIABLE  FIRM. 

L.  BRIEFNER  &  SONS, 

No.  4  East  16th  Street,  New  York 


MR.  FARMER,  JUST  ONE  MOMENT:— 


r 

GALVANIZED  R00FINI 

j 

Corrugated  $^96  per  square, 
or  V  crimp  Del.  your  station 

Send  postal  for  new  catalogue  13 

[GRIFFIN  LUMBER  CO.,  hudsnomy?aus  J 

BUY  LIME  NOW! 

Hydrated  Lime  in  paper  sacks,  car  lots,  for  $7.50 
per  ton.  Lime  Screenings  in  bulk,  from  best  grade 
of  burnt  lime,  $5.00  per  ton,  f.  o.  n.  cars  any  point 
between  Buffalo  and  New  York  on  the  main  lines 
of  the  N.  Y.  Central,  Erie,  D.,  L.  &  W.,  Penna., 
Lehigh,  N.  Y.,  O.  &  W.,  anil  ('.  It.  K.  of  N.  J. 
Special  price  on  ground  Land  Lime  made  on  appli¬ 
cation.  Order  early  before  the  great  demand  sets 
in  and  delays  shipments. 

Address  J.  W.  Ballard  Co.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


BALED  ALFALFA  HAY 

BRIDGE  A  SOFTER  -t- Canastotu,  N.  Y. 


A  magazine  makes  a  splendid  Xmas  present  for  a 
friend,  and  is  easy  done;  also  a  nice  gift  card  free 
witli  present.  Best  clubbing  rates  and  service. 
1912  Catalogue  free.  A.  J.  SMITH, 

Best  Magazine  Service,  Hilton,  N.  Y. 

GOOD  CHANCE  FOR  YOUNG  MAN 

Largo  farm  in  Essex  County,  New  Jersey— under 
cultivation.  Fruit,  truck,  poultry,  only.  Bost  of 
consumers’  markets.  Will  arrange  for  increasing 
interest  in  proportion  to  success.  Want  young  man 
who  lias  already  chosen  this  kind  of  farming  for 
his  business  and  wants  to  get  started.  Rearing, 
record  and  character  irreproachable.  Education, 
scientific  agricultural  course,  and  determination 
requisite.  Executive  ability  and  inherent  honesty 
absolutely  essential.  If  anyone  can  come  reason¬ 
ably  noar  to  meeting  these  requirements,  address 
M.  0.,  care  Rural  New-Yorker. 


SALESMEN  WANTED  se"  trees  and 


PLANTS.  Highest 
. . .  payable  weekly.  Write  for  free  out¬ 
fit.  PERRY  NURSERIES,  Rociik.stkb,  N.  Y. 


commissions  p 


\A/ A N TF [I — AGENTS  to  sell  Farmers’  Account  Book. 
Tlniill_LJ  Quick  seller.  Special  inducements  till 


holidays.  Address  L 


Her.  !Sp< 
.  L.  Syph 


ers,  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. 


WANTED~'Kxrert  aPPlo  tree  trimmer;  family 
■t mi  i  lu  man.  Work  year  around. 

SAM’L  H.  DERBY  &  CO.,  TVoodside.  Del. 


Farm  Hands  and  Laborers  Supplied  Free 

Wo  have  many  men  anxious  to  learn  farm  work. 

C.  K.  Blatchly,  United  Charities  Bldg. ,105  E.  22nd St., N.Y. City 


FARM  HANDS  &  LABORERS  Wanted 

in  an  institution.  Salary,  $30  a  month  and  main¬ 
tenance.  Semi  roferencos  with  application.  Apply 

to  the  Superintendent  of  Letchwortli  Village,  Thiells,  N.  V. 


WANTED  MARRIED  FARMER 

well  oquipped  farm  in  central  New  York.  General 
fanning.  Experience  necessary.  Good  salary  for 
capablo  man.  W.,  care  Rural  New  Yorker. 


YOUNG  MAN  „f?r  foreman  in  lumber  yard, 
swviiu  iMnii  Must  be  industrious,  temperate, 
and  accurate  in  figuring.  Answer  in  own  hand¬ 
writing,  with  references.  Permanent  position  to 
right  man.  P.  O.  box  777  Mount  Kisco,  New  York. 


CHRISTMAS  POULTRY 

8hip  to  WM.  II.  COHEN  CO.,  CoiiiiiiIhnIoii  Mei*« 
chant*  -  -  -  -  229  WiiHhlnKton  8fc.,  New  York 


Boston  Produce  Go. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 


93-95  South  Market  St., 


Boston. 


your  Dressed  Turkeys,  Ducks  and  Geese 

- TO - 

GEO.  OLIVER  &  COMPANY 

Established  1850 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 
West  Washington  Market  New  York,  N.  Y. 
_ _ PROMPT  RETURNS _ 

The  Rochester  Produce 

&  Commission  Company 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 
Highest  Prieos  Paid  for  Butter,  Cheese,  Eggs,  Lard, 
Poultry,  Calves,  Beans,  Potatoes,  Etc. 

244-246  Clinton  Avenue,  North  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

PLEASE  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com¬ 
mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter, 
Eggs,  Poultry,  Pork,  Calves,  Hay,  Grain,  Beans, 
Apples,  etc,  E.  B.  WOODWARD,  302  Greenwich  St.,  N.  Y 

Poultry  for  the  Holidays 

APPLES,  PEARS  and  all  Fruits  and 
Vegetables,  Fancy  Eggs,  Hothouse 
Products.  Top  prices  secured  for 
choice  goods.  Correspondence  solicited. 

Archdeacon  &  Co.,  100  Murray  St.,  New  York 


JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

Dressed  Poultry  and  Eggs  Our  Specialties 


QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto. 


Established  1855 


JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  COMPANY, 

Commission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York 
Poultry,  Eggs,  Meats,  Produce.  Shipments  Solicited 

GF.O.  P.  HAMMOND.  EST.  1875.  FRANK  XV.  OOPWI14 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  GO., 


and  Hot-house  Products  a  Specialty.  Consignments 

solicited.  34  &  30  Little  12th  St.,  New  York- 


LOW 

PRICES 

EASY 

TERMS 

QUICK 

SHIPMENT 


This  ' '  YOU 

Rig  Makes  If  need,  right. 

v  '  TUI  on  your  farm 

YOU  Money  /./TV  Ml  now,  this  improved  sawing 

-  _  J  y  I  \  It’*  Built  right  and 

and  oaves  #  Si  \  d?//  >  hart*  work  anc*  lots  of  ft. 

m-  .  ...  .  Nx  //  You  Place  the  stick  to  be  sawed 

Much  Hard  Work  on  the  table  and  it  slides  on  easy 

.  ,.  .  ......  working  rollers  right  onto  the  saw.  On  the  old  style 

swing  saw  you  have  the  work  of  lifting  every  stick  as  many  tunes  as  you  cut  it.  On  the  rigshown  above 
•sawing  is  easy,  and  when  the  wood  sawing  is  done,  take  off  the  saw  and  table  and  you  have  ail  all-steel 
portable  outfit  that  can  be  used  for  any  work  about  the  farm,  and  when  there  is  no  portable  work  to  be 
done,  place  the  engine  in  the  barn  to  grind  feed  and  also  give  the  women  folks  a  chance.  Let  the  engine 
run  the  cream  separator,  the  churn  and  the  washing  machine.  Get  catalog  that  shows  this  and  twelve 
other  styles  and  many  sizes.  It’sfree.  For  full  description  and  price  of  this  great  money  maker,  just  write 

WATERLOO  ENGINE  WORKS  137  Liberty  Street  NEW  YORK  CITY 


ACORNS  IN  YOUR  COW  STABLE 


INCREASE  MILK 

EPW2  5% 


Install 

the  Acorn  Pat¬ 
ented  Cow  bowl  and 
the  Increased  milk  supply 
will  cover  the  cost  In  less  than 
six  months — The  Acorn  is  the  only 

themTrket  eclf‘rc^u,atln6  water  bowl  on 

your,stock,from  %  warm  stable  in  stormy  weather 
minJlnH^Ce"WAter  Wlll  materially  reduce  the  flow  and  quality  of  the 

milk.  One  Acorn  Gowbowl  will  do  for  two  rnw«  'tl  a  • 

located  anywhere,  high  or  low;  costs  little  to  install* Source  ofw\tornCan,be 
may  be  tank,  running  stream  or  from  city  or  town  pipes  -  connect  at  botmX  7 
sh-ed-rthea,XcrorgUlrtlT  diSik  P^ents  sickanimals  from  drinkingfwhen  del  ' 

cow6otMr^cr^ss*H“aoS“M“  'v“y  Thcso 

.  ,  Send  for  tlie  Descriptive  Rooklpt- 

405  A„„™^ETAL  COMKSt,  Michi(!.„ 


“NEW  MODERN”  UTTER  CARRIER 

Saves  money  every  time.  Strongly  con¬ 
structed  of  galvanized  iron.  Watertight. 
Double  trolleys.  All  parts  extra  strong  and 
will  last  a  lifetime.  Capacity,  700  to  1000 
pounds.  Size,  32-in.  by  45-in.  by  12-in. 

“NEW  MODERN”  BARN  EQUIPMENT 

Litter,  Ensilage,  Platform  and  Merchandise  Carriers; 
Steel  Stalls,  Stanchions,  Water  Basins  and  Covers,  Feed 
Mangers,  Stable  Ventilators,  Adjustable  Steel  Gates, 
Trolley  Hoists,  Hog  Troughs  and  Galvanized  Tanks. 

—  FREE  PLANS  AND  CATALOG  - 

Send  rough  sketch  of  your  barn  layout 
and  we  will  make  free  plan  and  estimate. 

WRITE  FOR  FREE  CATALOG 

GLOR  BROS.  &  WILLIS  MFG.  CO.,  96  Main  St.,  Attica,  N.  Y. 

.  “Everything  for  the  iBarn " 


Five  Crops  of  Alfalfa  in  One  Season 
the  Record  of  Sacramento 
Valley,  California 

Alfalfa,  which  has  made  wealthy  more  farmers  in  the  irrigated 
West  than  any  other  known  product,  is  grown  to  perfection  in 
California.  Five  crops,  with  the  corresponding  profits,  are  not  un¬ 
common  in  this  marvelous  state. 

.  And  there  is  still  enough  land  in  California  for  you,  and  more  is 
being  put  under  water  every  year. 

When  you  have  made  up  your  mind  to  sell  your  farm  in  the  East 
and  take  the  money  to  buy  40  acres,  which  will  make  more  money  in 
California  with  not  so  much  work,  travel  over  the 

Union  -  Southern  Pacific 

STANDARD  ROUTE  OF  THE  WEST 

Electric  Block  Signals  Excellent  Dining  Cars 

If  you  want  to  read  the  experience  of  farmers  who  have 
made  money,  write 

GERRIT  FORT, 

Pass.  Traffic  Manager  Union  Pacific  R.  R. 

1465  Dodge  St.,  Omaha,  Neb.  .  . 

\37  ) 


WAWTFn  uP"to-dato,  reliable  ami  experienced 
if  fin  i  Farmer  to  work,  preferably  on  shares, 
a  two  hundred  acre  farm  in  wostern  New  York* 
Good  land,  good  buildings  and  a  dairy  of  thirty 
cows.  I  urther  particulars  will  bo  given  to  inquirers 
who  state  experience,  age,  education  and  resources. 
Address  S.  A.  B.,  care  Rural  New-Yorker. 


Iflfi  AfiRFR“Klovo,1-room  two  barns', 

IUU  BUI i Ld  othor  outbuildings,  fruit,  five 
cows,  one  heifer,  good  horse,  poultry,  wagons  and 
fanning  implements.  One  mile  from  school, 
church,  creamery  and  railroad  station.  All  for 
$.l,,f,IO;  ternis— $1,800  cash,  the  balauco  mortgage. 
HALL  8  I  ARM  AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  Co.,  NiV. 


1188 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


December  9,  1911. 


SA  L-VET  surely  saved  my  herd  of  eichty  hogs 
from  cholera,  as  one  of  my  neighbors,  lost  eighty 
from  this  cause  in  two  days'  time,  while  I  did  not 
have  a  sick  hog  during  the  time  they  were  losing 
them  all  around  me.  I  cannot  afford  to  be  without 
SAL-VET.  (Sigued)  R.  G.  Catherman, 

Juniata,  Pa. 


As  the  hog  cholera  is  prevalent  all  through  this 
section,  I  have  been  feeding  SAL-VET  to  my  hogs. 
Since  then  I  never  saw  them  in  l>etter  condition,  in 
spite  of  the  fact  that  all  around  me  the  cholera  is 
prying  them  off  by  the  hundreds, 
o  (Signed)  W.  J.  Brooks,  Diggs,  Va. 

ni 
3 


I  have  given  SAL-VET  a  good  trial  and  passed  pome  of  it  on 
to  my  friend8.  I  find  it  fills  the  bill  and  do  not  hesitate  to 
recommend  its  uae  to  all  live  stock  ownars  as  beintr  a  most 
worthy  compound.  In  my  Judgment,  If  farmers  were  to  depend 
upon  it  and  keep  it  t>efore  their  stock  all  the  time,  the  intes¬ 
tinal  worm  problem  would  be  solved. 

"  (Signed)  C.  D.  &MEAD,  V.  S.,  Hector,  N.  Y.  | 


From  the  Ex-President  of  the  American  Shropshire  Ass'n. 

We  have  used  8AL-VET  as  a  preventive  of  worms  in  our  flock 
of  sheep,  and  have  great  faith  in  it.  We  keep  it  before  them  all 
the  lime,  both  when  at  pasture  and  in  the  barn.  Tbo  sheep  liko 
it,  ami  wo  can  truthfully  say  that  our  sheep  are  free  from 
worms,  although  we  have  run  sheep  in  our  pastures  quite  thickly 
for  the  past  15  years.  Henry  L.  Wardell,  Springfield  Ctr.,  N.Y. 


S.  R.  FEIL 
The  Sal  *V»t  Man 


I’ll  Stop  Your  Worm  Losses- 
Vii  Prove  it  Before  You  Pay - 


TYON’T  let  worms  breed  Contagious  Diseases  among  your  hogs  this 
^  year.  Don’t  let  them  kill  off  the  young  pigs  and  rob  you  of 
your  season’s  profits.  You  can  prevent  it  if  you  will  just  take  “a 
stitch  in  time.”  Now  is  the  time  when  worms  begin  to  get  in  their 
deadly  work.  Now  they  are  breeding,  multiplying  by  the  millio’ns  in 
the  stomach  and  intestines,  and  if  you  don’t  get  the  best  of  them, 
they  will  surely  get  the  best  of  you.  Now  is  the  time  Co?itagious 
Diseases  usually  occur  and  worms  are  nearly  always  the  cause.  Get  rid  of  the  worms — 
put  the  digestion  of  your  hogs  in  prime  condition  and  diseases  can’t  get  a  foot-hold. 

Pll  Make  Your  Hogs  and  Pigs  Worm  Free ,  or  l\!o  Pay 

I’ll  do  this  at  my  risk.  In  addition.  I’ll  put  them  in  the  Pink  of  Condition ;  make 
them  thrive  better;  bring:  them  up  to  the  fattening:  period  strong-,  vigorous  and  in  shape  to  pro¬ 
duce  considerably  more  Pork  on  the  same  amount  of  feed.  In  short  I’ll  solve  your  greatest 
hog  raising  problem  which  causes  you  90%  of  the  losses  and  worry  and  keeps  your  hogs  from 
paying  you  the  profit  they  should.  I’ll  do  all  this  with  . 


TRADS  -  MARK) 


M«.u. s.  pat.  6ft: 

Tin  Great  Worm  Destroyer  and  Conditioner. 

and  prove  it  to  your  satisfaction  (not  mine)  before  you  pay  me  a  cent  I  do  not  claim  Sal-Vet 

is  a  cure-all,  but  simply  a  positive  destroyer  of  Stomach  and  free  intestinal  ivorms  which  are  the  cause  of  90  fo  of 
diseases  among  stock  and  also  the  cause  of  stock  failing  to  thrive  as  they  should.  Get  rid  of  the  worms  and 
your  troubles  and  losses  will  vanish;  your  stock  will  thrive  better;  you’ll  save  on  feed,  you’ll  get  better  profits 
and  raise  far  better  stock.  Sal- Vet  will  do  it  and  I  stand  ready  to  prove  it  before  you  pay  me  a  cent. 

Send  No  Money— Just  the  Coupon 


Here  is  my  offer:  Simply  fill  in  the  coupon,  tell  me  how  many  head  of  hogs,  sheep,  horses  and  cattleyou  have. 
I  will  then  ship  you  enough  Sal-Vet  to  last  them  60  days.  You  pay  the  small  freight  charge  when  it  arrives. 
Put  it  where  all  your  stock  can  get  free  access  to  it  and  they  will  doctor  themselves.  They  eat  it  as  they  do  salt — 
just  as  they  need  it,  and  at  the  end  of  60  days  if  you  don’t  feel  satisfied,  write  me  and  I’ll  cancel  the 
charge.  How  can  you  risk  loss;  how  can  you  let  your  stock  drag  along  when  they  should  be  thriving; 


T*  Y 

tyy/o  AY 


growing  into  profit  when  a  fair,  open  offer  like  this  is  at  your  disposal?  You  have  all  to  gain,  nothing 
to  risk.  Fill  out  and  mail  the  coupon  now.  Don’t  put  it  off,  lest  you  forget. 


•U 


'  yfo%  "A 

»  -S'  Y. 

\  9b  'S’  '/  -  %. 

-  '  *  ** 


vb 


%  N 
V 


Here9s  My  Personai  Guarantee  -  Read  it! 

I  personally  guarantee  this  generous,  open-handed  offer  right  down  to  the  very  last  word, 
stand  back  of  it  every  single  day,  I’d  like  to  have  you  address  your  letters  to  me  personally. 


<9,  , 


% 


% 


4)  XX 
eg* 


Sidney  R.  FesS,  Pres., 

The  S.  R.  FEIL  CO.,  Dept.  R-N.Y ,  Cleveland,  Ohio 


% 


- .  . -  - 

Y^  PRICES:  40  pounds  $2.25,  100  pounds  $5.00,  200  pounds  $9.00,  300  pounds  $13.00,  500 


pounds  $21.12. 

♦  - 


Sal-Vet  always  comes  in  original  “Trade  Mark”  Packages.  Never 
V  sold  loose,  in  bulk,  or  pound.  Look  for  this  trade-mark.  C  A  I 
*  *  bfifiy  It  is  your  protection  against  imitations  and  substitutes. 

VI  '  .  via  ♦ 


RW.UJ.  PAJ.  099. 


I  want  you  to  know  what  SAL-VET 
really  has  done,  is  doing,  and  why  I 
can  positively  guarantee  what  it  will 
do  for  you.  Read  these  letters.  I  have 
thousands  like  them,  not  only  from 
hog  raisers,  but  sheep  men,  horsemen 
and  cattle  owners — all  equally  enthusi¬ 
astic  over  the  surprising  results  SAL- 
VET  produces. 

“Your  SAL-VET  sure  does  all  you  claim 
for  it.  We  have  been  feeding  it  right  along 
and  never  saw  hogs  and  pigs  do  so  well.  It 
sure  gets  rid  of  worms.  The  animals  seemed 
to  grow  faster  and  fatten  better.  Lots  of 
hogs  died  around  here  from  cholera  but  my 
hogs  never  took  it.  I  believe  it  was  because 
of  feeding  them  SAL-VET  all  the  time.’’ 

0.  M.  Van  Osdol,  Nashville,  Okla. 

“One  $5  order  of  SAL-VET  has  been  worth 
$50  to  me.  It  relieved  my  hogs  of  worms  by 
the  hundreds  and  they  havo  gone  through  the 
winter  on  less  feed  and  look  better  than  I 
ever  had  hogs  do  before.  My  horses  and 
cattle  have  done  fine,  too.  I  have  used  many 
preparations  but  none  so  good  as  SAL-VET. 

Chas.  P.  Hilton,  Jonesboro,  Tenn. 

“I  havo  tested  your  SAL-VET  thoroughly 
and  must  say  that  it  is  -without  doubt  the  best 
remedy  for  hogs  that  I  ever  saw.  At  the 
time  I  got  it,  my  sows  and  pigs  were  in  very 
bad  condition.  They  looked  rough,  would 
scarcely  eat  and  began  to  die.  I  had  lost 
three  thoroughbred  Berkshire  pigs.  Then  I 
commenced  feeding  SAL-VET  as  directed,  and 
the  results  have  been  most  gratifying. 

Their  coats  have  become  sleek  and  glossy, 
their  skins  soft,  they  eat  all  I  give  them  and 
are  making  better  returns  in  weight  then 
ever  before.” 

J.  P.  Hunter,  Gieger,  Ala. 

“I  did  not  for  a  minute  expect  such  results 
as  I  obtained  from  your  SAL-VET.  It  ex¬ 
pelled  more  worms  from  my  hogs  than  it 
would  take  to  fill  the  keg  it  came  in.  I  will 
order  more  soon  for  it  is  a  great  prepara¬ 
tion.” 

Geo.  B.  Coffinbargor, 

Shepherdstown,  W.  Va. 

“When  I  received  your  SAL-VET  my  hogs 
were  very  unthrifty — but  they  did  not  stay 
that  way  long  after  feeding  SAL-VET.  I 
never  had  pigs  do  so  well.  They  were  soon 
in  top  condition.  My  horses  also  improved 
on  it  fine.  It  sure  does  get  rid  of  the 
worms.  Please  send  me  another  barrel  at 
once.” 

D.  P.  Copp,  Carrol,  Iowa. 

“My  experience  feeding  SAL-VET  to  hogs 
has  been  so  satisfactory  that  I  cannot  recom¬ 
mend  it  too  highly.  This  year,  up  to  the  1st 
of  June,  we  lost  twenty  head  of  young  hogs. 
They  were  killed  by  worms.  I  tried  all  the 
remedies  known  down  here,  but  every  one  of 
them  failed.  Finally  I  ordered  some  of  your 
SAL-VET  and  began  feeding  it  about  the  9th 
of  June. 

I  tell  you  gentlemen,  I  have  never  in  my 
life  seen  such  a  variety  of  such  great  num¬ 
bers  of  worms  as  those  passed  from  these 
hogs.  Furthermore,  we  have  not  lost  a  single 
hog  since  they  havo  had  access  to  your  SAL- 
VET.  I  really  cannot  see  how  any  stockman 
can  afford  to  do  without  this  wonderful  rem¬ 


edy.’ 


Ross  C.  Abbington,  Mgr., 
Durin  Plantations,  Durin,  La. 


“While  I  cannot  state  positively  SAL-VET 
kept  my  hogs  from  having  cholera,  I  had  no 
such  sickness,  while  my  neighbors  almost 
without  exception  lost  hogs  from  cholera.  I 
certainly  have  great  faith  in  SAL-VET  and  it 
is  all  aiid  more  than  you  claim  for  it.” 

J.  C.  Conover,  Chrisman,  Ill. 

“I  had  ft  lot  of  sick  hogs  and  I  lost  five 
of  them.  I  began  feeding  them  SAL-VET, 
my  losses  stopped  and  the  hogs  soon  got 
into  a  fine,  healthy  condition. 

“SAL-VET  did  the  same  for  my  sheep  and 
horses  and  several  of  my  neighbors  have  had 
the  same  experience  with  it.’’ 

V.  P.  Underwood, 
Roachdale,  Ind. 


•vVo  Y  , 

❖  ♦  M 


NEW  YORK,  DECEMBER  16,  1911. 


WEEKLY,  $1.00  PER  YEAR- 


VOL.  LXX.  No.  4129. 


SOME  BACK-TO-THE-LAND  EXPERIENCE. 
The  Real  Thing  on  a  Farm. 

In  reading  Mr.  Mills’  article,  “Graduate  Reflections,” 
•n  page  1001,  I  was  very  much  interested  as  to  how  he 
vent  to  farming,  intending  to  do  the  same  myself  this 
Spring.  I  would  like  to  know  how  much  capital  he 
itarted  in  with,  and  methods  he  used  ;  how  large  a  place, 
itock  bought,  cost  of  feed  until  on  paying  basis,  etc.? 

Newport,  Ivy.  w.  b.  s.  b. 

It  seems  to  be  an  inborn  tendency  of  man  to  look 
upon  “the  other  fellow’s”  job  as  just  a  little  more 
pleasant  and  profitable 
than  his  own.  No  mat¬ 
ter  bow  congenial  our 
own  work,  many  of  us 
are  apt  to  look  with  a 
feeling  akin  to  envy 
upon  some  of  our  ac¬ 
quaintances  who,  it 
seems  to  us,  earn  their 
money  more  easily  or 
more  agreeably  than  we 
do.  The  truth  of  the 
matter  probably  is  that 
“the  other  fellow”  has  a 
great  many  cares  and 
difficulties  that  we  know 
nothing  about,  and  per¬ 
haps  he  looks  with  the 
same  feeling  upon  our 
tot.  There  is  no  doubt 
in  my  own  mind  that  a 
great  deal  of  the  back- 
to-the-land  tendency  is 
due  primarily  to  this  un¬ 
easy  spirit  of  the  human 
race.  The  city  dweller 
becomes  restless  under 
the  monotonous  condi¬ 
tions  which  surround 
him  at  home  and  in  his 
work.  To  him  the  coun¬ 
try,  with  its  freedom 
and  its  ever  -  changing 
aspect,  offers  a  refuge 
from  his  present  diffi¬ 
culties.  Probably  not  one 
in  a  hundred  has  any 
idea  of  the  hard  work 
and  close  application,  of 
the  trials  and  discour¬ 
agements  which  are  the 
lot  of  even  the  experi¬ 
enced  farmer.  On  the 
other  hand  the  boy  who 
has  spent  all  his  days  on 
the  farm  longs  for  the 
gaiety  and  variety  of  the 
city,  little  knowing  the 
conditions  under  which 
a  city  laborer  must  work 
and  live.  And  when  a 
man  possessing  a  good 
education  gives  up  a  good  office  position  to  come  and 
grub  his  living  out  of  a  farm  his  city  neighbors  look 
upon  him  with  envy,  while  his  good  sense,  if  not  his 
sanity,  is  doubted  by  his  farmer  neighbors. 

I  have  been  requested  to  give  some  of  my  own  ex¬ 
periences  as  a  back-to-the-lander.  I  must  confess 
that  they  are  nothing  unusual  or  extraordinary,  and 
if  I  stick  to  the  truth,  my  story  will  not  make  nearly 
as  interesting  reading  as  many  I  have  seen.  Facts 
are  not  always  stranger  than  fiction,  but  I  will  give 
the  facts,  nevertheless.  I  received  my  degree  from 


college  in  1903  and  immediately  took  a  position  in 
the  U.  S.  Weather  Bureau.  My  choice  of  a  position 
was  not  due  to  any  natural  fitness  or  predilection  for 
the  work,  but  because  I  needed  the  money,  and  that 
position  was  the  most  available.  Furthermore,  all 
my  life,  except  while  in  school,  had  been  spent  on 
the  farm,  and  I  wanted  to  see  a  little  of  the  other 
side.  But  while  my  work  was  reasonably  pleasant, 
and  hours  short,  the  change  from  the  fields  to  the 
office  was  not  as  agreeable  as  I  had  expected,  and  I 
began  to  long  to  be  back  in  the  open  air.  After  about 


a  year  I  was  married  to  a  farmer’s  daughter,  whose 
love  for  the  country  was  as  strong  as  mine,  so  now 
I  not  only  thought  about  getting  back  to  the  country, 
but  talked  and  planned  about  it.  But  both  of  us 
knew  by  experience  something  of  the  difficulties  in 
the  way,  and  occasional  increases  in  my  salary  made 
it  all  the  more  difficult  to  let  go,  so  it  was  not  until 
the  Winter  of  1908  that  the  way  was  opened  to  leave 
the  city  and  get  back  to  nature. 

Back  home  was  the  farm  my  great-grandfather  had 
bought  when  the  country  was  new.  From  him  it 


passed  to  my  grandfather,  then  to  my  father,  who 
offered  to  rent  it  to  me,  stock  and  tools  included. 
So  we  pulled  up  stakes  and  arrived  here,  wife  and 
I  and  two  babes,  in  February,  1908,  with  capital  con¬ 
sisting  of  a  good  outfit  of  household  furniture,  about 
$75  in  money,  good  health  and  a  firm  determination 
to  succeed.  The  farm,  containing  148  acres,  had  been 
rented  for  about  25  years,  and  as  is  so  often  the  case, 
the  buildings  and  fences  were  getting  somewhat 
dilapidated.  1  he  land,  though  not  in  its  original  tilth 
and  fertility,  was  still  quite  productive.  The  dairy 

consisted  of  15  cows, 
many  of  them  two, 
three  and  four  years  old, 
and  just  a  little  better 
than  the  average  dairy. 
There  were  four  horses, 
not  very  valuable  ones, 
but  still  able  to  do  con¬ 
siderable  work;  two 
brood  sows  and  s  i  x 
shotes;  about  20  sbeep, 
a  n  d  50  hens,  mostly 
White  Leghorns.  The 
tools  were  all  the  way 
from  nearly  new  to 
nearly  worn  out.  Seed 
potatoes  and  seed  grain 
and  fodder  to  last  till 
Spring  were  furnished, 
it  being  agreed  that 
when  I  should  leave  the 
farm  I  should  leave  an 
equal  amount.  I  was  to 
have  half  the  proceeds 
of  all  crops  and  stock 
sold,  except  cows,  and 
half  interest  in  young 
stock  raised,  and  to  fur¬ 
nish  all  the  labor,  half 
of  the  feed  bought,  one- 
third  of  fertilizer,  to 
pay  half  of  the  taxes, 
and  all  repairs  to 
machinery,  horseshoeing, 
etc.  Now  these  terms 
were  somewhat  more 
liberal  than  are  gener¬ 
ally  offered  to  share 
tenants  around  here,  yet 
considering  the  state  of 
repair,  or  rather  of  dis¬ 
repair,  of  much  of  the 
equipment,  were  no  more 
than  fair,  for  there  were 
many  difficulties  ahead. 

When  wife  and  I  had 
decided  to  go  farming, 
and  that  almost  without 
capital,  we  admitted  that 
we  must  expect  a  good 
Fig.  484.  deal  of  hard  work  and 

careful  calculating,  and 
close  pinching  at  times.  Our  actual  experience  brought 
no  disappointment  in  these  points.  There  was  very 
little  income  at  that  time.  The  hens  scarcely  paid 
the  grocery  bill,  only  one  cow  had  freshened,  and 
everything  was  crying  for  feed.  Our  meager  capital 
soon  went  for  feed  and  other  expenses,  and  still  the 
income  was  not  sufficient  to  meet  the  outgo.  For¬ 
tunately  for  us  the  home  dealers  were  very  generous 
in  extending  credit,  so  that  we  were  able  to  keep 
things  running  until  the  income  began  to  get  ahead 
of  the  expense.  And  right  here  let  me  depart  from 


THE  FAITHFUL  FRIEND  AND  THE  PROUD  KEEPER. 


ueo 

my  story  long  enough  to  give  a  word  of  advice  to 
those  who  propose  to  run  a  farm  on  insufficient  capi¬ 
tal.  Never  do  a  thing  to  impair  your  credit.  Be 
absolutely  honest  and  straightforward  in  all  your 
dealings,  for  there  will  be  plenty  of  times  when  you 
cannot  pay  cash,  and  a  good  reputation  will  help  out 
mightily  in  a  time  of  trouble. 

The  first  income  of  importance  came  from  the 
dairy.  The  calves,  except  four  heifers,  were  fattened 
and  sold  for  veal,  then  the  milk  taken  to  the  cheese 
factory.  The  sale  of  a  few  Spring  pigs  at  $2.50  each 
added  to  the  income,  and  by  early  Summer  the  finan¬ 
cial  stress  was  much  relieved.  However,  cheese  sold 
for  a  rather  low  price,  and  as  few  of  the  cows  were 
old  enough  to  have  reached  maximum  production,  my 
half  of  the  dairy  money  scarcely  paid  running  ex¬ 
penses.  In  order  that  I  might  in  course  of  time  have 
a  good  dairy  of  my  own,  I  purchased  a  purebred 
Guernsey  bull  calf.  I  believe  that  this  was  a  good 
investment,  for  while  none  of  his  stock  has  yet  begun 
producing,  they  have  all  the  promise  of  becoming  fine 
dairy  cows. 

The  field  crops  were  six  acres  of  potatoes,  five 
acres  of  sweet  corn,  15  acres  of  oats,  two  acres  of 
Canada  peas,  and  five  acres  of  corn  for  the  silo.  The 
crops  all  came  on  well,  fully  up  to  the  average  of 
those  of  the  experienced  farmers,  and  our  hopes  be¬ 
gan  to  rise.  In  early  •  August,  however,  one  field  of 
potatoes  began  to  die,  and  continued  to  go  down 
very  rapidly.  They  had  been  thoroughly  sprayed 
twice,  and  the  spraying  was  continued,  though  I  do 
not  believe  the  trouble  was  blight.  This  field  of  three 
acres  yielded  205  bushels  of  marketable  potatoes, 
which  were  sold  at  67  cents  a  bushel.  The  other 
three  acres  turned  out  585  bushels.  From  these  were 
saved  the  potatoes  for  family  use  and  for  seed  and 
the  remainder  sold,  part  at  68  cents  a  bushel,  and 
some  later  in  the  Winter  for  85  cents.  The  sweet 
corn  gave  us  18  tons  of  ears,  sold  at  $7  per  ton,  not  a 
large  yield.  The  other  crops  were  mainly  fed  out  on 
the  farm. 

Sheep  and  hogs  were  low  that  year,  so  instead  of 
selling  some  shotes  and  lambs  in  September  at  six 
cents  a  pound  I  kept  them  until  November  and  got 
4 ]/2.  The  year’s  clip  of  wool  from  the  20  sheep  was 
held  until  the  next  Spring  and  sold  for  28  cents  per 
pound.  From  the  orchard  we  got  121  barrels  of 
apples,  which  sold  for  $233. 

On  figuring  up  the  year’s  accounts  I  found  that 
the  total  sales  footed  up  to  about  $1300,  not  very  bad 
for  a  beginner,  yet  after  paying  the  hired  help  and 
my  share  of  the  other  expenses,  besides  our  living, 
my  $650  looked  woefully  small. 

One  item  I  hardly  know  how  to  audit,  a  fine  son 
who  came  to  us  in  January.  These  little  ones  cer¬ 
tainly  make  quite  an  addition  to  the  expense  account, 
but  the  credit  side  must  be  expressed  in  something 
finer  and  higher  than  dollars  and  cents.  The  second 
year  found  us  much  as  we  were  a  year  before,  with¬ 
out  much  money,'  but  with  lots  of  hope.  The  plan 
was  about  the  same  as  for  the  year  before,  except 
that  I  put  in  about  nine  acres  of  potatoes,  and  no 
sweet  corn.  I  also  had  four  acres  of  Winter  wheat. 
Most  of  the  crops  came  along  in  good  shape.  The 
cows  did  better  than  during  the  previous  year,  and 
cheese  was  higher.  The  apple  crop,  however,  was  al¬ 
most  a  failure,  and  the  potatoes  were  not  very  prom¬ 
ising,  partly  because  of  mismanagement  on  my  part, 
and  partly  because  of  other  troubles,  including  an 
early  frost.  The  total  yield  was  1350  bushels,  with  a 
good  many  small  and  grub-eaten  ones.  The  price  was 
also  low,  from  40  cents  down  to  25.  The  hogs  and 
sheep  brought  a  little  more  than  in  the  year  before, 
but  were  still  rather  cheap. 

While  generally  speaking  I  had  done  a  better  job 
at  farming  that  I  had  the  first  year,  still  the  receipts 
were  no  greater,  and  I  was  actually  a  little  behind 
the  game,  financially.  However,  another  son  was 
added  to  the  family,  so  we  felt  that  even  though  our 
bank  account  was  not  piling  up  rapidly,  still  we  might 
some  day  be  able  to  solve  the  hired  help  problem.  I 
must  confess  that  I  began  the  third  year  with  spirits 
somewhat  diminuendo,  and  there  were  times  when  I 
almost  wished  myself  back  at  my  old  job,  with  a  pay 
day  twice  a  month,  and  nothing  to  worry  about  after 
4.30  p.  m.  However,  my  wife  always  soothed  these 
attacks  of  the  blues  with  encouragement  and  praise 
(which  I  felt  I  did  not  deserve),  and  I  resolved  at 
least  to  die  game,  and  accordingly  went  in  still  more 
heavily  for  help,  feed  and  fertilizer. 

The  cows  did  still  better  than  formerly  and  cheese 
was  much  higher,  so  the  income  per  cow  was  nearly 
double  what  it  had  been  the  first  year.  Hogs  were 
very  high,  and  as  there  was  a  ready  sale  for  Spring 
pigs  at  four  weeks  old  for  $4  each,  I  sold  them  all 
at  that  age  rather  than  take  the  chance  of  a  drop  in 
the  Fall.  The  corn  and  oats  were  fine,  and  the  seven 
acres  of  potatoes  promised  to  be  a  bumper  crop. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

Again  my  hopes  were  on  the  upward  climb.  Late 
frosts  had  killed  most  of  the  apples,  but  everything 
else  looked  fine.  When  the  potatoes  were  dug  we 
had  over  2,000  bushels  of  as  fine  tubers  as  one  could 
ask  for,  but  alas !  most  of  them  brought  only  35  cents 
a  bushel.  Still,  there  was  a  small  balance,  after  pay¬ 
ing  all  bills.  The  hired  help  bill  had  been  particu¬ 
larly  large,  not  only  out  of  doors,  but  in  the  house,  as 
my  wife  had  met  with  an  accident  which  compelled 
her  to  go  on  crutches  for  over  10  weeks. 

As  our  third  year  on  the  farm  was  drawing  to  a 
close  I  felt  that  some  change  must  be  made.  The 
buildings  and  fences  were  becoming  more  dilapidated, 
and  I  was  getting  very  tired  of  renting  on  the  share 
system.  I  wanted  to  buy  a  place,  but  the  state  of  my 
finances  was  an  obstacle.  At  last  my  father  told  me 
that  if  I  would  buy  the  old  farm  for  $40  per  acre, 
and  such  stock  and  tools  as  I  wanted  at  a  price  we 
could  agree  upon,  he  would  throw  off  $1,000,  anc  I 
accepted  his  offer  in  about  three  seconds. 

This  year  we  have  continued  our  farming  along  the 
same  lines,  with  the  dairy  and  potatoes  as  the  main 
source  of  income.  Some  of  the  needed  repairs  have 
been  made,  such  as  new  roofs,  a  shed  for  implement 
storage,  concrete  floor  and  swing  stanchions  in  the 
cow  stables,  and  partitions  to  shut  off  Winter 
draughts  from  the  stock.  Several  new  implements 
and  two  good  young  horses  have  been  bought.  The 
books  show  a  substantial  profit  over  running  ex¬ 
penses,  though  on  account  of  the  various  repairs  and 
ieplenishments,  the  financial  pinch  is  not  yet  over. 
But  we  can  put  up  with  many  inconveniences  now 
with  better  grace  than  we  could  when  we  were  ten¬ 
ants.  Ownership  has  given  a  new  interest  to  our 
farming  operations,  for  where  we  formerly  planned 
for  a  month  or  a  year  it  is  now  for  a  lifetime,  mak¬ 
ing  an  improvement  here  and  another  there  which 


SICK  CORN.  Fig.  485. 


shall  make  our  work  more  profitable,  or  our  sur¬ 
rounding^  more  enjoyable;  and  above  all,  making  a 
home  for  ourselves  and  the  four  sturdy  little  ones 
who  are  growing  up  so  happy  and  strong  in  Goff’s 
free  air  and  sunshine. 

It  is  a  hard  problem  to  advise  others  in  the  matter 
of  leaving  a  sure  thing  in  the  city  for  the  chance  of 
success  on  a  farm,  but  as  for  ourselves,  I  am  glad  we 
are  here.  There  has  been  plenty  of  hard  work,  and 
some  worry  and  discouragement,  and  there  is  still 
some  in  the  future,  but  we  think  we  can  at  least  see 
the  borderland  of  prosperity,  and  we  know  that  we 
have  escaped  from  the  thraldom  of  working  for  a  life¬ 
time  under  a  “boss,”  and  from  the  four  narrow  walls 
of  a  city  flat.  Chester  l.  mills. 

Allegany  Co.,  N.  Y. 

THAT  BIG  CORN  YIELD  ONCE  MORE. 

Last  week  we  mentioned  that  yield  of  over  70  tons 
of  silage  corn  per  acre,  grown  by  Mrs.  H.  Will  Harris, 
of  Lenawee  Co.,  Mich.  Mrs.  Harris  tells  us  that  from 
25  to  30  tons  of  cow  manure  were  used  on  the  two 
acres.  In  addition  to  the  prize  acre  three  other  acres 
yielded  about  57  tons  each.  The  figures  and  the  record 
seem  to  be  accurate  and  well  backed  by  proof.  What 
actual  feeding  value  does  this  yield  of  140,800  pounds 
carry?  With  the  usual  analysis  of  silage  corn  there 
would  be  in  this  acre  crop  about  1700  pounds  of  pro¬ 
tein,  17.000  pounds  carbohydrates  and  450  pounds  of 
fat.  That  is  equal  to  the  protein  in  more  than  50  tons 
of  wheat  bran,  or  the  carbohydrate  in  12  tons  of  corn- 
meal  !  Of  course  it  could  not  be  expected  that  all  of 
this  great  weight  of  green  stalks  could  be  made  avail¬ 
able  as  food  in  any  form.  If  it  gave  50  tons  of  actual 
silage  in  the  silo  it  would  do  well,  allowing  40  pounds 
per  day.  This  would  feed  one  cow  2500  days,  or  not 
quite  food  for  seven  cows  one  year.  If  five  cows  got 
their  year’s  roughage  off  the  acre  it  would  be  a  re¬ 
markable  thing.  There  has  been  considerable  argu¬ 
ment  as  to  whether  a  big  yield  of  this  sort  of  corn  is 
better  than  a  smaller  yield  of  a  variety  which  matures 


December  16, 

ears.  Mrs.  Harris  grew  Eureka  corn  and  with  a  very 
favorable  season  obtained  a  good  crop  of  ears.  As 
usually  grown  in  the  North  this  variety  does  not  make 
grain,  but  does  develop  a  tremendous  stalk.  Some 
dairymen  say  they  prefer  a  variety  of  corn  which 
will  make  15  to  18  tons  per  acre  of  well-eared  stalks. 
These  ears,  cut  into  the  silo  with  the  stalks,  make  a 
silage  with  a  higher  analysis  ton  for  ton  than  that 
from  a  variety  like  Eureka.  On  the  other  hand  the 
advocates  of  the  larger  cornstalks  claim  that  they  get 
so  much  more  stalk  and  so  much  more  silage  per  acre 
that  they  can  buy  wheat,  bran  or  cotton-seed  meal  to 
feed  with  it  cheaper  than  they  can  grow  the  ears. 
Still  another  class  of  farmers  who  are  growing  Al¬ 
falfa  claim  that  the  heavier  corn  should  be  grown. 
A  good  example  of  their  argument  is  given  in  the  fol¬ 
lowing  note  from  C.  M.  Jarvis,  of  Connecticut: 

For  example:  1  have  all  the  Alfalfa  hay  that  I  need; 
that  is,  I  raised  60  acres  of  Alfalfa  this  year  and  had  a 
yield  of  about  five  tons  to  the  acre.  The  question  in  my 
mind  is  whether  it  is  not  economy  to  put  this  corn  that 
gives  the  heavy  yield  into  the  silo  and  then  feed  large 
quantities  of  Alfalfa  hay  with  this  silage?  It  is  con¬ 
tended  that  the  great  benefit  of  silage  is  that  it  gives  the 
succulent  feed  that  cowfc  like  and  they  eat  large  quantities 
of  it.  Now  then,  if  a  man  can  raise  five  tons  of  Alfalfa 
hay  per  acre,  it  is  more  economical  for  him  to  turn  his 
land  into  Alfalfa  than  it  is  into  corn  with  a  yield  of  50  to 
60  bushels  of  shelled  corn  to  the  acre.  In  other  words, 
raise  Alfalfa  and  buy  corn.  On  the  other  hand,  if  he  can 
raise  40  tons  of  silage  to  the  acre,  it  seems  to  me  the  prob¬ 
lem  is  a  good  deal  different.  You  certainly  will  confer  a 
great  deal  of  benefit  on  your  readers  by  following  up  this 
matter,  because  beyond  any  question  of  doubt  corn  and 
Alfalfa  is  the  salvation  of  farming  in  the  East. 


THE  QUESTION  OF  FALL  PLOWING. 

Oive  a  discussion  of  Fall  plowing,  the  benefits  and  losses 
which  attend  its  practice  on  different  soils.  Also,  what 
harm  will  result  from  plowing  when  the  soil  is  too  wet, 
and  what  may  be  used  as  a  test  to  determine  when  the 
soil  is  too  wet  for  plowing?  j.  t.  h. 

Pennsylvania. 

Fall  plowing  is  seldom  practiced  on  Ohio  farms 
for  the  reason  that  Fall  is  the  busiest  time  of  the 
year,  and  there  is  fear  of  erosion  or  washing  during 
the  Winter.  Winter  plowing  of  sod  fields  is  in  high 
favor  and  largely  followed  when  the  weather  favors. 
On  reasonably  level  fields  with  clay  or  clay  loam 
soils,  and  if  in  sod.  Fall  or  Winter  plowing  will  have 
the  advantage  of  getting  the  work  done  before  the 
rush  of  Spring  comes  on,  and  the  freezing  of  Winter 
will  greatly  improve  the  mechanical  condition  of  the 
soil.  For  light  soils  or  hilly  fields  there  is  too  much 
danger  of  leaching  and  surface  washing  to  practice 
Fall  plowing.  Surface  washing  or  erosion  is  the 
most  important  reason  for  not  Fall-plowing  land,  but 
for  heavy  soils,  and  particularly  in  the  Northern 
States,  it  is  practical,  and  instead  of  being  injurious 
to  the  soil  may  be  highly  beneficial.  Fall  plowing 
decreases  leaching  somewhat,  and  cannot  increase 
loss  of  fertility  in  the  drainage  water,  which  would 
be  about  the  same  whether  the  soil  was  plowed  or 
not.  When  plowing  in  the  Winter  it  matters  little 
how  wet  the  soil  is  so  long  as  the  plow  scours  and 
the  horses  can  walk.  Our  soil  seems  to  have  been 
made  by  glacial  action  from  limestone  largely,  and 
to  overlie  limestone,  and  except  where  stiff  and  clayey 
it  does  not  seem  to  be  injured  by  plowing  wet;  this  is 
especially  true  if  we  can  get  a  freeze  before  the  soil 
dries  out.  This  refers  to  early  plowing,  and  where 
there  is  a  fair  proportion  of  humus  present  in  the 
soil.  If  a  poor  clay  soil  be  plowed  late  and  wet,  and 
dries  out  before  being  worked  down,  the  results,  will 
be  disastrous  for  that  season,  but  the  injury  does  not 
appear  to  be  permanent.  Plowing  land  when  too  dry 
is  about  as  bad.  To  determine  when  land  is  too  wet 
to  plow  when  plowing  after  freezing  is  over  take  a 
handful  of  soil  and  squeeze  it  together  in  the  hand;  if 
it  sticks  together  and  seems  pasty  it  is  too  wet,  but  if 
it  falls  apart  readily  it  is  all  right.  This  applies  to 
sods  in  fair  condition,  and  not  to  very  poor  soils,  nor 
to  very  rich  peaty  or  alluvial  soils. 

Ohio.  w.  E.  DUCKWALL. 

Many  of  our  readers  can  remember  when  Iowa  was 
a  frontier  State.  When  a  settler  wanted  fresh  meat 
he  went  out  and  shot  a  deer.  Time  flies,  as  we  may 
realize  from  the  following: 

Cedar  Rapids,  la.,  Oct.  25. — Special  r  State  Fish  and 
Came  Warden  George  A.  Lincoln  of  this  city  lias  returned 
from  Avoca,  where  he  went  in  response  to  a  complaint 
from  a  number  of  farmers,  who  claim  the  wild  deer 
which  infest  the  country  around  about  Avoca  are  ruining 
their  fields.  The  farmers  cannot  shoot  the  deer  because  of 
the  State  laws  and  since  the  fields  and  other  haunts  are 
barren  of  feeding  spots,  the  deer  have  descended  in  large 
numbers  on  the  Alfalfa  and  corn  fields.  Mr.  Lincoln  will 
attempt  to  round  up  the  deer  and  then  will  send  them  to 
parks  in  Iowa,  which  have  made  requisition  for  animals. 

We  will  guarantee  Mr.  Lincoln  a  job  in  rounding 
up  all  the  deer  in  Iowa.  This  thing  of  protecting 
deer  in  order  that  they  may  live  on  a  farmer’s  crops 
is  getting  beyond  endurance.  In  New  England  the 
deer  have  become  a  nuisance.  One  man  claims  to 
have  the  figures  to  show  that  there  are  more  deer  east 
of  the  Hudson  than  were  at  the  time  of  King  Philip’s 
War !  He  could  not  prove  it,  but  without  question 
the  deer  nuisance  is,  to-day,  the  worst  handicap  that 
New  England  fruit  growers  have  to  carry.  The 
most  exasperating  part  of  it  is  that  the  deer  are 
“protected”  through  the  influence  of  men  who  merely 
want  them  to'  gratify  a  few  days  of  bloodthirsty 
“sport.” 


iyii. 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


1101 


THE  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y.,  APPLE  SHOW  OF 
THE  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE. 

Another  attempt  has  been  made  to  bring  producer 
and  consumer  together,  this  time  by  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.  Early  in  November 
they  announced  a  “Genesee  Fruits  Dinner.”  “This 
dinner,”  to  quote  from  the  circulars,  “will  be  devoted 
to  the  exploitation  of  the  magnificent  fruits  grown  in 
this  section,  especially  apples.  This  country  is  classed 
as  the  richest  agricultural  section  in  New  York  State. 
*  *  *  Your  committee  feels  that  it  is  time  the  im¬ 
portance  of  Genesee  fruit  was  known  to  Rochester 
men.  The  important  growers  of  this  section  will  be 
present.” 

At  the  same  time  letters  were  sent  to  fruit  growers 
within  40  miles  of  Rochester,  asking  them  to  exhibit 
plates,  boxes  or  baskets  of  their  choicest  fruit  in 
several  varieties,  saying:  “The  Chamber  of  Com¬ 
merce  has  a  keen  interest  in  the  dissemination  of 
intelligent  information  regarding  the  fruit  industry  in 
this  section  and  the  spreading  of  valuable  publicity 
regarding  the  high  quality  of  fruit  and  the  promotion 
of  its  use.  You  can  do  much  for  this  cause  in  which 
you  and  we  are  jointly  interested  by  a  prompt  re¬ 
sponse.” 

As  a  result  an  apple  show  was  held  in  the  Chamber 
of  Commerce  rooms  for  three  days  preceding  the 
dinner.  The  rooms  were  beautifully  decorated,  tea 
and  apples  were  served  to  the  ladies,  apple  pie,  apple 
jelly  and  baked  apples  were  exhibited  with  the  fresh 
fruit.  The  fruit  was  arranged  on  plates,  in  boxes 
and  even  barrels,  with  the  grower’s  name  and  address, 
the  variety  of  fruit,  keeping  quality  and  special  use. 
The  public  were  interested,  over  1,400  attending  on 
one  day.  Apples  could  be  ordered  direct  from  the 
grower. 

The  object  of  the  show  was  to  bring  producer  and 
consumer  together.  A  year  ago  the  agitation  started. 
At  that  time  Western  box  apples  were  prominently 
displayed  in  grocery  windows,  Western  New  York 
apples  ignominiously  heaped  in  dirty  piles  in  the  rear 
of  the  store.  Why  ?  the  people  began  to  ask.  The 
automobile  has  an  educative  value.  The  citizens  of 
Rochester  began  to  realize  that  they  were  living  in 
the  midst  of  a  country  which  furnished  ammunition 


What  will  be  the  result? 

Will  the  consumer  have  sufficient  confidence  in  these 
newly  met  farmers  to  trust  them  to  ship  an  honest 
barrel  of  apples?  The  “honest  farmer”  has  long  been 
a  byword  amongst  city  folks.  Well,  so  has  the 
“honest  lawyer.”  Admitted  there  are  dishonest  men 


A  FIVE- YEAR-OLD  WEALTHY.  Fig.  480. 

in  the  country.  But  consider.  A  fruit  grower 
spends  several  years  in  raising  an  orchard  to  bearing 
age.  He  spends  nine  months  in  raising  a  crop.  His 
business  is  necessarily  a  continuous  one,  which  forces 
him  to  plan  far  into  the  future. 


- .  .  . . .  - . -  r ....v  .....  - - ...  Will  he  imperil  this 

for  the  great  American  dessert— pie;  that  within  an  future  for  one  season’s  dishonest  sales?  Far  from  it  f 
hour’s  ride  of  the  city  the  growers 


raised  the  rosy  Spitzenburgs  they  had 
eaten  when  boys  on  the  farm,  the  Seek- 
no-further  which  had  added  a  last  touch 
to  the  school  dinner  basket,  the  Green¬ 
ing,  Northern  Spy  and  King.  They 
could  see  on  their  pleasure  trips  along 
country  roads  in  the  Autumn  young 
orchards  of  Wealthy,  McIntosh  and 
Jonathan,  the  fruit  of  which  rivalled 
that  of  the  West  in  color,  and  as  they 
occasionally  ascertained,  far  surpassed 
it  in  flavor.  Yet  when  the  snow  came 
and,  with  visions  of  this  fine  fruit,  they 
visited  the  groceries,  no  trace  of  it  was 
to  be  found.  As  one  Rochester  man 
said,  he  was  offered  instead  “apples 
from  Oregon,  from  Washington  and 
from  Michigan  at  prices  ranging  from 
five  cents  each  to  three  for  a  quarter, 
like  cigars.  Yet  we  are  living  in  one 
of  the  greatest  apple  regions  of  the 
world,  and  Rochester  merchants  say 
they  are  compelled  to  offer  us  fruit 
from  three  thousand  miles  away.” 

As  a  result  perhaps  of  inquiry  and  of 
discontent  the  Chamber  of  Commerce 
made  this  effort  honestly  and  backed  by 
intelligent  enthusiasm  to  give  the  peo¬ 
ple  what  they  want,  to  bring  them  in 
contact  with  the  men  who  raise  the 
fruit.  At  the  “Genesee  Fruits  Dinner” 
following  the  apple  show  and  attended 
by  about  four  hundred,  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  as  host,  introduced  pro¬ 
ducer  and  consumer.  They  extended 
their  hospitality  with  the  sincere  and 
honest  hope  that  such  acquaintance 
would  benefit  all  concerned.  Commis¬ 
sioner  Pearson  in  a  telling  address  de¬ 
fined  the  situation  and  suggested  reme¬ 
dies  therefor,  one  of  which  was  a 
trademark.  He  said:  “Instead  of  let¬ 
ting  your  fruit  be  absorbed  into  the 
great  world’s  markets  unlabeled  and 
unknown,  or  marked  by  so  many  different  names  that 
no  one  can  remember  them,  why  not  have  one  trade¬ 
mark  for  the  whole  Genesee  fruits  country,  which  will 
be  used  only  on  the  best  ?  Let  a  responsible  organiza¬ 
tion  stand  behind  this  and  protect  it,  so  that  it  will 
be  as  well-known  as  ‘Rochester  made  means  quality.’  ” 


PROFITABLE  EASTERN  APPLE  ORCHARD.  Fig.  487. 


THE  OLD  METHOD  OF  HIGH-HEADED  TREES.  Fig.  488 

The  brand  on  his  apple  barrels  is  his  trademark, 
which  must  stand  for  an  honest  pack.  This  brand 
must  become  established  in  order  to  bring  him  success. 

It  is  not  always  fair  to  blame  the  fruit  grower  for 
the  small  apples  in  the  middle  of  the  barrel.  The 
public  must  remember  that  a  very  large  percentage 


of  fruit  is  purchased  by  the  dealer  and  repacked  ac¬ 
cording  to  his  own  ideas. 

On  the  other  side  is  the  exhibitor.  Has  he  fruit  to 
sell — such  fruit  as  he  exploited  at  the  apple  show? 
Did  he  raise  it  himself?  Can  he  ship  it  in  the  original 
package  and  guarantee  his  pack?  Among  the  30  or 
more  exhibitors  the  names  of  middlemen  and  fruit 
companies  were  much  in  evidence.  This  is  the  time 
for  fair  play.  It  is  not  fair  to  try  to  deceive  a  credu¬ 
lous  and,  as  we  hope,  an  apple-eating  public  by  ad¬ 
vertising  in  the  morning  papers  as  “apples  with  that 
real  York  State  flavor”  the  Ben  Davis  and  his  equally 
insolent  and  handsome  brother,  the  Gano,  and  at 
almost  prohibitive  prices — $2.10  and  $2.35  per  box. 
This  was  not  done  by  a  grower.  Some  of  us  know 
that  these  varieties  are  good — to  look  at.  But  the 
man  who  sends  them  home  for  his  family  to  eat  must 
himself  expect  to  dine  at  his  club. 

The  public  is  aroused  not  only  in  Rochester  but  in 
the  cities  and  towns  both  east  and  west.  We  hear 
echoes  from  Panama  and  from  Alaska.  A  firm  in 
Gloucester  stands  ready  to  ship  sea  foods  direct  to  the 
consumer.  There  is  talk  of  grocery  stores  combining 
to  buy  farm  produce  in  car  lots.  Is  the  farmer  alive 
to  the  situation,  ready  to  take  advantage  of  this  op¬ 
portunity?  Does  the  country  produce  keen,  alert, 
business  men  or  only  that  type  of  downtrodden 
drudge,  “the  man  with  the  hoe?”  Perhaps  the  test 
has  come.  ___________  F.  C. 

WAYNE  COUNTY,  N.  Y.,  APPLE  TREES. 

The  picture  on  this  page  shows  trees  at  the  Shore 
Acres  farm  of  W.  W.  Cornwall.  The  single  tree  is 
a  five-year-old  Wealthy,  showing  the  characteristic 
head  and  the  way  the  fruit  is  bunched.  This  tree  is 
one  of  500  which  in  this  season  of  1911  produced 
375  barrels  of  apples.  The  shape  and  habit  of 
Wealthy  makes  it  of  special  value  as  a  “filler” 
wherever  the  fruit  can  be  sold  to  advantage. 

Fig.  488  shows  the  old-style  manner  of  trimming 
apple  trees  with  the  heads  high  in  the  air.  There  are 
many  left  in  this  shape.  We  have  them  over  60  feet 
high.  The  picture  shows  the  fearful  loss  in  case  of 
high  winds.  The  apples  fall  from  these  high  heads 
so  far  that  they  are  badly  bruised  or  split.  We  were 
in  Grant  Hitchings’  orchard  last  Fall.  The  trees  arg 
headed  low  and  the  ground  has  a  thick  mulch  of 
sod.  When  the  apples  fall  they  are  no 
more  hurt  than  an  egg  dropped  in  a  nest. 

Fig.  487  shows  the  modern  method  of 
handling  apple  trees  in  Eastern  orchards. 
This  includes  low  heading,  thorough  cul-' 
tivation  and  spraying.  They  used  4,000 
gallons  in  five  applications.  The  fer¬ 
tilizer  was  4,500  pounds  of  a  mixture 
of  three  parts  bone  meal  and  one  part 
potash.  You  will  notice  the  low-down 
healthy  appearance  of  the  trees.  This 
low  head  also  gives  protection  from 
high  winds.  In  this  orchard  of  35-year 
Baldwins  and  Greenings  5}4  acres  pro¬ 
duced,  in  1911,  1,448  barrels  packed  in 
three  grades  and  533  bushels  of  drops 
and  culls. 

CORN  TROUBLES. 

The  picture,  Fig.  485,  shows  three 
ears  of  corn  affected  with  mold,  a  small 
amount  of  which  occurs  each  year,  but 
more  prevalent  and  occasioning  much 
loss  when  the  weather  is  very  damp  and 
warm  in  early  September.  Our  weather 
this  year  at  corn  maturing  time  was 
particularly  wet  and  hot,  and  the  result 
to  some  of  the  corn  is  shown  herewith. 
Most  of  the  injury  occurred  before  the 
corn  was  cut,  and  the  damage  ranges 
from  five  to  25  per  cent,  the  least  in¬ 
jury  occurring  in  the  early  fields,  while 
the  late  planted  fields  suffered  the 
greater  injury.  The  corn  molds  and 
ear  rots  are  fungus  diseases  capable  of 
being  spread  in  various  ways,  and  will 
live  over  from  year  to  year,  to  menace 
each  succeeding  crop  and  especially 
when  conditions  suit.  Rotation  of  the 
cornfields  and  the  burning  of  infected 
ears  will  tend  to  reduce  the  trouble  to  a 
minimum.  The  ear  rots  and  moulds  are 
largely  responsible  for  the  high  level  of 
corn  prices  in  the  corn  belt  States  to-day. 
Ohio.  W.  E.  DUCK  WALL. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  Ohio  Experiment  Station  at  Woos¬ 
ter  has  issued  a  leaflet  on  these  diseases.  The  dry  rot 
of  corn  is  now  under  suspicion  as  a  possible  cause  of 
pellagra,  a  disease  of  humans,  long  prevalent  in 
some  parts  of  Europe,  and  now  appearing  in  this 
country. 


lisa 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


December  16, 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[  Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
name  and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure 
attention.  Before  asking  z.  question,  please  see 
whether  it  is  not  answered  in  our  advertising 
columns.  Ask  only  a  few  questions  at  one  time. 
Pul  questions  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper.l 


Snow’s  Orange  Peach. 

P.  A.  J.,  Wellsburg ,  IF.  Va. — I  am  espe¬ 
cially  interested  in  the  notes  by  Van  Deman 
and  others  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  Would  some 
of  your  contributors  give  an  opinion  con¬ 
cerning  Snow's  Orange  peach  ;  is  it  worth 
planting  commercially?  IIow  about  the 
quality?  Is  it  productive? 

Ans. — The  Snow’s  Orange  is  a  late 
peach  that  has  good  size,  good  quality 
and  is  large  enough,  too,  but  it  is  not 
thought  to  be  productive  enough  for 
profit,  compared  with  other  varieties 
ripening  at  the  same  season,  by  those 
in  whose  orchards  I  have  seen  it  fruit¬ 
ing  in  northern  Michigan.  Elsewhere  it 
may  do  better,  but  I  would  not  plant  it 
from  the  evidence  I  now  have  of  it. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


The  Fordhook  Squash— Field  Culture. 

This  squash  originated  in  Washington 
County,  N.  Y.,  several  years  ago.  It  is 
well  adapted  to  a  variety  of  soils  and 
climates,  being  hardy  and  a  vigorous 
grower.  In  this  part  of  Ohio  it  is  usual 
to  find  it  growing  and  doing  finely  in  the 
cornfields,  growing  too  rapidly  for  the 
bugs  to  do  serious  injury  and  standing 
almost  as  much  hardship  as  the  field 
pumpkin.  However  hardy  and  meritor¬ 
ious  in  other  ways,  unless  a  squash  pos¬ 
sess  high  culinary  value  its  fame  and 
culture  will  not  extend  very  far.  As 
to  quality,  the  Fordhook  squash  is 
hard  to  equal  in  the  squash  line,  and 
is  only  beaten  by  the  Delicious,  a  very 
different  squash  and  much  harder  to 
grow.  A  well-grown  and  well-ripened 
Fordhook  is  much  superior,  when 


FORDHOOK  SQUASH.  Fig.  489. 

baked  or  boiled,  to  most  sweet  potatoes, 
and  excellent  for  pies.  You  will  want 
jio  more  rank  flavored  pumpkin.  When 
young  and  indeed  at  any  stage  of 
growth  even  when  ripe,  if  fried  like 
eggplant  the  Fordhook  is  of  high 
quality.  This  squash  grows  much  like 
the  picture,  about  10  inches  long  with 
ribs  running  along  the  outside.  The 
skin  is  straw  yellow  or  cream  colored, 
the  flesh  is  firm  and  crisp  in  the  well- 
ripened  specimens.  The  flesh  is  a  light 
straw  yellow  and  when  cooked  separates 
easily  from  the  thin  paper-like  skin. 
The  writer  has  been  growing  this 
squash  10  years  and  is  well  pleased  with 
it.  It  is  tedious  work  to  pick  up  a 
wagonload  of  them,  but  they  are  worth 
the  trouble  and  the  surplus  is  highly  ap¬ 
preciated  by  the  cattle.  I  have  no  seed 
for  sale  and  write  this  because  I  have 
found  this  squash  to  be  highly  depend¬ 
able  and  hope  others  will  be  induced  to 
make  a  trial  of  it  in  their  cornfields  or 
truck  patches.  w.  e.  duckwall. 

Ohio. 


Southern  Soil  and  Grass. 

M.  P.,  New  Castle,  Pa. — I  was  in  Ala¬ 
bama  and  I  got  acquainted  with  a  farmer. 
I  talked  with  him  about  your  paper.  I 
promised  to  send  it  to  him  for  10  weeks’ 
trial.  I  couldn’t  understand  how  people 
could  feed  their  cattle.  1  passed  miles 
and  miles  of  land,  and  never  saw  any  hay 
or  good  pastures  for  cattle.  The  land  is 
very  red.  Can’t  you  give  me  a  description 
in  your  paper  why  that  is?  Is  it  the 
farmer's  fault,  or  wouldn’t  it  grow  there? 

Ans. — The  surprise  of  a  Northern 
farmer  going  through  the  red  uplands 
of  the  South  at  the  absence  of  grass  is 
a  common  occurrence.  The  grass  is  not 
there  because  the  cotton  farmers  have 
spent  their  lives  fighting  the  grass  that 
wants  to  grow.  The  whole  aim  of  the? 
average  cotton  planter  is  to  “keep  out 
of  the  grass.”  They  do  not«keep  any 
stock  as  a  rule  in  the  all-cotton  sections 
except  the  mules  that  work  the  crop. 
Now  there  is  no  better  land  for  grass 
and  stock  than  the  red  uplands  of  the 
South  if  the  grass  is  given  a  chance. 
But  there  are  sections  in  both  Alabama 
and  Mississippi  where  you  will  find 
plenty  of  grass,  where  the  Johnson 
grass  has  taken  possession  and  forced 
the  farmers  out  of  all-cotton  and  into 
stock  feeding.  There  is  a  limited  sec¬ 
tion  in  both  these  States  where  the 
country  is  almost  given  up  to  the  John¬ 
son  grass.  Around  the  Mississippi 


Agricultural  College  near  Starkville  the 
Johnson  grass  waves  all  over  the  land, 
and  stock  feeding  has  become  a  very 
considerable  interest.  As  the  president 
of  the  college  once  said  to  me,  “We 
thought  the  grass  was  a  great  curse 
from  its  aggressive  character  at  first, 
but  we  find  now  that  it  has  been  a  bless¬ 
ing  in  disguise,  as  it  has  created  a  live 
stock  industry  that  did  not  exist  till 
the  Johnson  grass  came.”  But  all  that 
red  clay  country  will  grow  grass  and 
small  grain,  and  I  would  prefer  to  be 
without  the  Johnson  grass  and  to  grow 
grass  that  I  could  control  rather  tha^ 
a  grass  that  will  take  the  whole  farm  in 
spite  of  me.  But  there  is  no  doubt  that 
the  Johnson  grass  is  a  valuable-  hay 
grass.  I  was  taken  out  at  the  Missis¬ 
sippi  College  by  one  of  the  professors  to 
see  their  Alfalfa  plot.  The  carriage 
stopped  and  the  professor  said :  “There 
is  the  Alfalfa.”  I  could  see  nothing  but 
tall  Johnson  grass,  but  on  walking  into 
it  I  found  that  the  Alfalfa  was  hold¬ 
ing  its  own  bravely,  though  the  John¬ 
son  grass  was  the  taller.  The  profes¬ 
sor  told  me  that  it  had  been  cut  three 
times,  and  at  that  time  they  were  about 
to  make  the  fourth  cutting  of  Alfalfa 
and  Johnson  grass.  Yes,  you  can  grow 
Orchard  grass,  Fall  Meadow  oats-grass 
and  the  Fescues  successfully  in  Ala¬ 
bama.  In  north  Alabama  I  have  been 
on  the  farm  of  a  Kentucky  stockman 
who  went  there  and  started  a  stock  and 
grain  farm,  and  he  has  succeeded  and 
makes  usually  35  bushels  of  wheat  an 
acre,  and  claims  that  his  corn  costs  him 
not  over  11  cents  a  bushel,  and  he 
makes  great  yields.  I  know  of  no  part 
of  the  Southern  upland  country  more 
favorable  for  improvement  than  the 
pretty  valleys  of  north  Alabama.  The 
absence  of  grass  is,  as  I  have  suggested, 
the  fault  of  the  men  who  cultivate  the 
land,  not  farmers,  but  cotton  growers. 

W.  F.  MASSEY. 


The  Nursery  Tree  Question. 

About  the  roots  of  trees,  page  1111, 
Frof.  Massey  well  says  that  the  small  roots 
dry  up  and  die.  There  is  an  annual 
system  of  the  roots  which  about  corre¬ 
sponds  to  the  leaves  of  the  tree.  _  These 
roots  die ;  of  course  some  others  which  are 
more  like  the  branches  continue  and  live 
and  should  be  as  carefully  preserved  as 
the  branches,  but  not  more  carefully.  There 
is  no  deadly  harm  done  to  a  tree  in  cutting 
away  a  lot  of  the  branches  when  dormant. 
Neither  will  it  do  so  much  harm  to  cut 
considerable  of  the  root  away  in  digging. 
Stringfellow  has  proved  that  what  will  do 
great  harm  is  to  strip  the  leaves  of  a 
tree  when  green,  as  this  is  where  the  tree 
gets  its  food  for  the  next  Spring’s  start. 
Early  digging  does  more  than  anything 
else  to  injure  nursery-grown  trees.  Plant¬ 
ers  could  get  better  results  by  growing 
their  own  trees.  It  would  be  a  very  valu¬ 
able  work  to  turn  over  to  the  boys  on  a 
farm,  and  would  be  apt  to  bring  out  the 
best  that  is  in  a  boy.  Of  course  it  is  ex¬ 
pensive  to  sell  trees  by  soliciting  orders, 
yet  where  the  seller  is  a  man  of  experi¬ 
ence  it  pays  the  inexperienced  planters  to 
have  him  on  the  ground.  Where  he  is  not 
of  course  it  is  waste.  t.  k.  h. 

Washington. _ 

A  Concrete  Watering  Trough. 

When  wanting  to  build  a  common  con¬ 
crete  watering  trough  this  Fall  I  did  not 
know  how  to  go  about  it,  as  I  could  not 
remember  having  read  anyone’s  experience 
in  building  one,  so  I  made  inquiries  of 
neighbors  and  used  some  common  sense. 
So  perhaps  my  experience  may  be  of  use  to 
some  wishing  to  build  one.  In  the  first  place, 
dig  down  below  frost  level  for  a  founda¬ 
tion,  make  it  somewhat  larger  than  trough 
is  to  be.  Fill  in  with  stones  larger  in  the 
bottom  and  smaller  on  top.  tamp  down 
well  with  some  heavy  iron,  crowbar  or 
sledge  hammer  will  do  ;  fill  crevice  well,  or 
concrete  will  be  wasted  :  make  as  level  as 
possible.  We  then  mixed  one  to  four  ce¬ 
ment  and  gravel,  enough  to  cover  all  over 
two  inches  deep,  then  on  top  of  that  we 
put  four  inches  of  one  to  two  mixture  of 
concrete.  While  that  set  I  made  the  out¬ 
side  form  or  box.  using  one-inch  boards, 
two-inch  are  better  if  a  longer  trough  is 
wanted.  The  inside  form  was  made  six 
inches  smaller  every  way.  and  when  set 
inside  we  put  six-inch  sticks  around  be¬ 
tween  the  two  forms  to  have  the  walls  of 
even  thickness.  Let  me  say  right  here  that 
we  had  great  difficulty  in  removing  the  in¬ 
side  form ;  it  must  be  made  strong,  so  it 
will  not  give,  as  the  pressure  of  soft  con¬ 
crete  is  great.  Perhaps  I  did  not  make  that 
form  right.  This  form  must  also  be  smooth 
on  the  outside,  as  that  is  the  side  that 
comes  in  contact  with  inside  of  trough. 
The  walls  were  made  of  one  to  two  mix¬ 
ture  of  concrete,  well  tamped.  We  used 
old  tire  irons  for  reinforcement,  bending 
them  and  placing  around  ends.  They 
should  be  placed  every  six  inches  until  top 
is  reached.  If  the  day  is  very  hot  the  out¬ 
side  has  a  tendency  to  dry  quicker  than 
inside,  causing  trough  to  crack.  To  over¬ 
come  this  keep  outside  damp  until  well  set. 
Then  I  mixed  clear  cement  with  water  to 
the  consistency  of  heavy  whitewash  and 
applied  to  bottom  and  walls  inside  and  out. 
This  prevents  water  from  seeping  through 
trough.  My  trough  is  5%xo%x2%  feet, 
inside  measure,  plenty  large  enough  for  all 
purposes.  It  took  my  man  and  myself  one- 
half  day  to  build  (having  evervthing  handy) 
and  700  pounds  cement,  making  a  cheap, 
practical  and  simple  trough.  j.  s.  k. 

Grove,  Vt. 


“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 


nDAMRCQ  Choice  fruit,  $1.50  per  box.  Writeme. 
UnHIlULO  G.  E.  CONKLIN,  Winter  Park,  Fla. 


SMALL  FRUITS 

I  grow  Strawberry,  Raspberry,  Black¬ 
berry  and  other  small  Fruit  Plants, 
Grape  Vines,  Shrubbery,  Privet,  etc. 
My  FREE  Catalogue  tella  the  truth 
about  them,  and  the  prices  quoted  are 
fair  for  good  stock,  true  to  name.  Write 
me  today,  w  F.  ALLEN, 

72  Market  Street,  SaUxbnry,  Md. 


“Howto  Growand  Market  Fruit” 

Tells  the  Whole  Story  in  One  Volume ;  gives  Lifetime  Exper- 
ence  of  Practical  Growers.  2,000  Acres  in  Nursery  Stock. 
Larue  Stock  of  Peach  and  Apple  Trees, 

Write  for  catalog  and  how  to  get  the  book  free. 

HARRISON  NURSERIES ,  Berlin,  Md. 


RELIABLE 
FRUIT  TREES 


We  do  not  ask  for  your  orders 
simply  because  we  are  one  of  the 
oldest  nursery  firms  in  the  business 
or  because  we  are  the  largest  in  this 
section  of  the  country.  But  we  do  ask 
your  business  on  the  merits  of  our  trees 
and  plants — the  best  and  most  reliable  that 
money  can  buy .  Our  long  experience  and 
success  is  your  guarantee  that  our  pro¬ 
duct  and  prices  are  right. 

Send  a  postal  today  for  our  practical 
Booklet.  It  boils  down  for  your  benefit 
what  we  have  learned  during  thirty  years’ 
experience  in  growing  fruit. 

BARNES  BROS.  NURSERY  CO. 

Box  8,  Yales ville.  Conn. 


Power  at  Low  Cost 
Kerosene  as  Fuel 

HERE  is  Power  for  you  that  can  always  be 
relied  upon.  The  Colton  Modern  Kerosene 
Engine  is  the  most  economieal,  simplest  and 
most  reliable  Farm  Power  Plant  yet  invented.  Its 
many  new  improved  patented  features  are  most 
valuable  and  are  not  found  on  any  other  engine. 
Power  is  constant,  speed  regulated  without  stopping 
engine— adjusts  itself  instantly  to  anv  overload— no 
cranking  to  start  it. 

Let  this  wonderful  engine  demonstrate  its  unusual 
value  to  you.  Connect  it  to  your  water  system, 
lighting  system,  pnmps  or  any  other  machinery.  If 
it  doesn’t  prove  a  great  money  and  labor  saver, 
return  it  and  get  your  money  back. 

The  Colton  operates  perfectly  on  kerosene,  the 
most  economical  and  satisfactory  fuel.  Kerosene  can 
be  purchased  anywhere  at  about  half  the  cost  of  gas¬ 
oline,  is  much  safer  to  handle  and  gives  more  power 
gallon  for  gallon,  than  gasoline.  Gasoline,  alcohol! 
distilate,  and  other  fusel  oil  may  also  be  nsed. 

Positive,  Unconditional  Guaranty 

Every  Colton  is  sold  under  a  positive,  unqualified 
guarantee  to  give  satisfactory  service  or  money  re¬ 
funded.  Our  company  has  been  established  27  years. 
You  need  an  engine  on  your  farm— so  investigate 

the  Colton — the  latest 
development  in  en¬ 
gine  building. 

Get  it  on  trial  and 
compare  its  simple, 
compact  construc¬ 
tion.  superior  quality 
materials  and  high 
grade  workmanship. 
You  will  6ee  it  oper¬ 
ate  with  less  atten¬ 
tion  and  furnishes 
more  power  per  rat¬ 
ing  than  any  engine 
you  ever  saw.  Send 
for  free  engine  book 
at  once. 

Arthur  Colton  Co. 

301  Brush  St. 
Detroit  -  Mich. 


Monarch 


Hydraulic 

Cider  Press 

Net  owners  259?  to  1005? 
on  investment  per  year 
Ask  for  Free  Cat¬ 
alog  and  ‘‘Good 
Tip”  booklet  tell¬ 
ing  how. 


Monarch  Machinery  Co.,  609  Hadron  Terminal,  New  York. 


AGENTS 


SOMETHING 

NEW 

THOMAS  ROPE  MAKER 

Makes  any  length  or  thickness  of  rope 
out  of  binder  twine,  wool  twiue  or  any 
kind  of  waste  twine.  Twice  as  strong 
as  factory  made  rope.  Anyone  can 
do  it.  Saves  80  <o  90  per  cent. 
Agents  coining  big  money.  Sells 
like  wild  fire.  No  argument  neces¬ 
sary.  Just  show  and  your  sale  is 
made.  Big  profits.  We  want  good 
agents  in  every  county.  Write  for 
terms  and  free  sample  to  workers. 

THOMAS  M  FG.  CO. 

3465  Barny  St.,  DAYTON,  OHIO 


BIG  PROFITS 


Raising  Fruits  and  Vegetables  in  6  Sou. 
States,  traversed  by  S.  A.  L.  Ry.  Land 
cheap.  Water  plentiful.  Healthy  climate. 
Net  $500  to  $1000  per  acre— 2  to  3  crops  a 
year,  in  Manatee  County,  on  West  Coast  of 
Florida.  Raise  Oranges,  Grape  Fruit,  Vegeta¬ 
bles.  Illustrated  booklet  free. 

J,  A.  PRIDE,  Gen.  Ind.  Agt., 
Seaboard  Air  Line  Railway,  Suite  606  Norfolk.  Va. 


Peach  and 


Apph 

iting.  Price 


le  Trees 

For  fall  or  spring  planting-  Prices  light;  stock 
right.  MYElt  &  SON,  liridgeville,  Delaware 


Have  you  ever 

worked  at  your  tprayer  pump  ^ 

for  an  hour  (or  longer)  with  your  hands  in 
the  solution?  You  won’t  if  you  have  Iron 
Age  No.  191  Vertical  Barrel  Pump.  It  at¬ 
taches  on  the  outbid*  of  any  barrel — easy  to 
get  at.  Bronze  ball  valves;  hemp  packing; 
automatic  dasher  inside;  4  row  attachment. 

Low  price.  With  or  without  barrel. 

You  must  see  this  sprayer  to  know  its 
worth.  Ask  your  dealer  to  show  it 
and  other  Iron  Age  farm,  gardes 
and  orchard  tools.  Backed  by  76 
years’  experience. 

Write  us  for  special  booklets. 

BATEMAN  M’F’G  CO. 
Box  102-V,  Grenloch,  N.  J. 


Patented 
Oct.  6th 
1908 


PRUNING  SAW 

Operates  from  ground.  No  breaking  of  limbs 
by  climbing.  No  moving1  of  ladders.  No  sawing 
of  wrong  limbs.  Can  reach  topmost  branches  and 
shape  tree  better  than  by  old  methods.  Will  save  its 
cost  in  one  day.  Nothing  to  get  out  of  order.  Will  last 
for  years.  Thousands  in  use.  Recommended  by  all  users. 

Jf  your  dealer  can’t  furnish  it,  write  for  full  descriptive 
circular  and  prices.  Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Address 

FRUITGROWERS’  SAW  CO.,  Scottsville,  N.  Y. 


We* Raise  SEEDSon  Our  Farm 

and  sell  direct  to  the  planters  at  wholesale  prices.  We  raise  Vegetable 
Seeds  of  highest  quality,  carefully  selected  Seed  Corn,  and  other, 
farm  seeds,  high-grade  Seed  Potatoes,  etc.  We  can 
supply  better  seeds  at  lower  prices  than  city  seedmen.  Catalog 
free.  Ask  for  wholesale  price  list  also,  if  you  grow  for  market. 

JOSEPH  HARRIS  CO.,  Box  52,  Coldwater,  New  York 


HARRIS 

SEEDS 


“The  sled  that  steers” 

ideal  Christmas  gift.  Nothing  will  make  the  children 
happy!  Don’t  buy  them  simply  a  “steering  sled.” 
Get  a  Flexible  Flyer,  the  safest,  speediest,  handsomest 
and  most  economical  sled  made.  Can  be  steered 
at  full  speed  in  any  direction,  around  all  obstacles 
and  past  all  other  sleds. 

The  patented  spring  steel  runners  are  grooved  to  prevent  "skidding.” 
and  are  far  superior  to  flat  or  rounded  runners  on  ice  or  snow. 
It  is  light  and  graceful.  Easy  to  pull  up  hill,  yet  so  strong  it 

outlasts  three  ordinary  sleds 

Just  the  sled  for  boy  or  girl.  Saves  shoes,  prevents  wet  feet,  colds, 
etc,  and  saves  doctor’s  bills.  If  you  wish  the  advantage  of  these 
exclusive  features,  insist  on  a  Flexible  Flyer  and  look  for  this  trade-mark  on  the  sled, 
rprr  aeardboardworking  model.  Alsobeautifulbookletillustrated  in 
*  I'-1-**-*  colors  showing  coasting  scenes,  etc.  Both  free.  Write  a  postal.  , 
giving  name  and  address,  and  say  ‘‘send  model  and  Booklet.  ”  Write  today!  1 


S.  L.  ALLEN  &  CO.,  Box  I102E,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


TRADK-MARK 


HAND  SPRAIUOTORS 


Nos.  1  and  2,  with  horse-drawn  cart,  can  be  used 
on  orchards,  vines,  row  crops  or  weeds.  As  shown 
here,  it  is  arranged  for  row  crops  and  weeds, 
but  separate  attachments  adapt  it  to  other  uses. 
Adjustable  width  of  track  and  rows,  all-brass 
Spramotor,  brass  ball  valves,  automatic 
agitator  and  compensating  plunger. 
High-grade  throughout.  For  one 
horse  only.  Price,  $47  to  $54 


Awarded  Two  Gold  Medals  at  National  Horticultural  Congress 


E.  H.  HEARD,  1326  Erie  Street,  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


lies 


Best  “Cooler”  for  Gasoline  Engines. 

G.  T.  TP.,  Antrim,  N.  H. — Will  you  tell 
me  what  chemical  and  how  much,  to  mix 
with  the  water  for  cooling  gasoline  engine? 
The  water  froze  last  night  and  burst  the 
cylinder.  I  am  told  there  is  a  chemical 
used  for  mixing  in  the  water  which  pre¬ 
vents  its  freezing. 

Ans. — Automobile  owners  here  used 
a  10  per  cent  mixture  of  denatured  al¬ 
cohol  and  water  in  their  radiators  with 
good  results.  A  saturated  salt  solu¬ 
tion  will  not  freeze  at  any  ordinary 
temperature,  but  such  a  solution  wilT 
corrode  the  metal  of  cylinder  and 
fittings  more  or  less,  and  most  chem¬ 
icals  have  the  same  fault.  Oil  is  some¬ 
times  used,  but  oil  lets  the  engine  get 
hotter  than  it  is  designed  to  run.  From 
my  own  experience  I  advise  the  in¬ 
quirer  to  put  a  valve  between  tank  and 
water  jacket,  so  that  the  cylinder  can 
be  drained  without  emptying  the  tank ; 
then  for  each  10  gallons  of  water  in 
the  tank  add  a  gallon  of  denatured  al¬ 
cohol  and  pour  a  little  cheap  machine 
oil  over  the  top  of  the  water.  It  is 
worth  while  to  build  a  wooden  jacket 
around  the  tank  and  to  make  a  close- 
fitting  cover,  as  a  further  precaution 
against  freezing.  Be  sure  to  get  the 
habit  of  draining  the  cylinder  just  as 
you  do  shutting  the  lubricators.  If  you 
want  to  use  oil  as  a  cooling  medium, 
write  the  makers  of  your  engine,  as 
they  know  what  it  is  adapted  to  stand 
in  the  way  of  heat.  W.  E.  d. 

Ohio. 


Hens  and  Hogs  in  Orchards. 

Will  you  give  me  what  data  you  have 
regarding  the  advisability,  or  otherwise,  of 
pasturing  hogs  and  chickens  in  the  orchard  ? 
The  grass  that  grows  there  is  always  light 
and  other  crops  are  poor.  It  has  always 
seemed  as  though  the  hogs  would  do  well 
there,  and  their  rooting  would  be  a  bene¬ 
fit  instead  of  an  injury  to  the  trees.  Do 
you  know  what  to  give  hogs  so  they  will 
not  want  to  plow  up  the  ground?  I  have 
heard  it  said  that  if  a  hog  gets  what  he 
wants  to  eat  he  will  not  root.  C.  o.  c. 

New  York. 

Hens  do  well  in  orchards  of  apple 
or  plum.  They  destroy  insects  and  scat¬ 
ter  their  droppings  evenly.  Do  not  put 
them-  in  peach  orchards.  They  will 
roost  in  favorite  trees  and  in  this  way 
their  droppings  accumulate  so  as  to 
force  such  trees  into  too  much  growth. 
The  peach  cannot  stand  such  forcing  as 
the  apple  can.  In  several  apple  orchards 
large  flocks  of  well-fed  poultry  have 
been  kept.  After  a  few  years  the  trees 
made  an  excessive  growth  of  wood,  and 
the  fruit  while  large,  was  soft  and  light 
colored.  This  is  what  we  should  expect 
from  large  dressings  of  hen  manure, 
which  is  rich  in  nitrogen.  In  such  cases, 
where  many  hens  are  kept,  you  should 
use  acid  phosphate  and  muriate  of  pot¬ 
ash  as  fertilizer. 

Hogs  have  good  and  bad  qualities  as 
orchard  stock.  They  eat  the  fallen 
apples  and  in  that  way  help  destroy  in¬ 
sects.  A  light  rooting  is  good,  as  it  is 
like  shallow  cultivation.  When  the  soil 
is  full  of  white  grubs  the  hogs  will 
sometimes  dig  holes  two  feet  deep.  We 
have  known  them  to  nearly  uproot 
young  trees  in  their  hunt  for  grubs. 
They  are  worse  at  this  in  mulched  or¬ 
chards.  They  also  select  certain  trees 
for  scratching  themselves,  and  will  rub 
the  bark  off.  Also  when  not  well  fed 
they  gnaw  the  bark  of  young  trees  ap¬ 
parently  after  some  bitter  principle  in 
this  bark.  Such  trees  should  be  pro¬ 
tected  by  driving  strong  stakes  around 
them.  A  ring  in  the  hog’s  nose  will 
stop  deep  rooting,  and  there  should  al¬ 
ways  be  a  mixture  of  wood  ashes,  char¬ 
coal,  salt  and  sulphur  where  the  hogs 
can  help  themselves.  This  will  stop 
them  from  gnawing  the  trees.  Such 
hogs  should  be  fed  some  grain. 


Late  Rains  and  Potatoes. 

Our  potato  reports  show  that  the  late 
Fall  rains  were  a  great  help  to  the  crop. 
At  the  New  York  State  Fair  early  in  Sep¬ 
tember  most  farmers  thought  the  rain  had 
come  too  late  to  help  the  tubers.  The  water 
would  of  course  make  the  tops  grow,  but 
the  general  opinion  was  that  frost  would 
kill  them  before  the  tubers  were  formed. 
The  result  was  surprising,  for  the  yield  was 
in  many  cases  twice  what  the  farmers  ex¬ 
pected.  The  same  thing  happened  in  Eng¬ 
land,  for  the  Mark  Lane  Express  makes  the 
following  statement : 

“Six  or  seven  weeks  ago  experts  advised 


potato  growers  to  lift  tha  crop  immediately 
and  store  it,  as  the  tubers  were  growing 
out  and  the  new  growth  would  injure  the 
keeping  qualities  of  the  first  one.  This  has 
been  true  in  past  seasons,  so  most  farmers 
and  allotment  holders  proceeded  to  get  up 
their  potatoes— a  very  light  yield  of  small 
tubers  in  most  cases.  A  few,  however,  dis¬ 
regarded  precedent  and  advice,  and  left  their 
potatoes,  the  result  being  that  they  now 
have  about  double  the  weight  and  a  much 
more  marketable  sample,  and  to  all  appear¬ 
ances  they  are  of  sound  keeping  qualities. 
The  experiment  was  worth  trying,  as  pota¬ 
toes  will  reach  a  much  better  price  before 
another  crop  is  obtained  than  they  have  in 
recent  years,  and  those  who  tried  both  the 
September  and  November  harvesting  can 
sell  the  latter  first.  The  rate  at  which  the 
tubers  have  grown  since  the  first-named 
month  is  marvelous,  and  it  proves  that  the 
soil  was  like  a  hotbed,  consequently  the 
growth  was  abnormally  rapid,  much  more 
so  than  it  would  be  during  the  Autumn 
after  an  average  '  Summer.  This  goes  to 
prove  that  the  farmer’s  business  is  never 
thoroughly  learned,  as  the  weather  and  the 
seasons  beat  the  most  experienced.” 


Buckwheat  Straw  on  Strawberries. 

Do  you  think  it  advisable  to  mulch  straw¬ 
berries  with  buckwheat  straw?  The  straw 
crop  is  so  light  that  I  cannot  buy  the  re¬ 
quired  amount.  J.  w. 

Brunswick,  O. 

We  see  no  objection  to  buckwheat  straw ; 
only  wish  we  had  five  tons  of  it  for  such 
use.  What  you  want  is  a  coarse  material 
which  will  cover  the  plants  without  matting 
down  over  them. 


ONTARIO  HORTICULTURAL  EXHIBITION. 

_  The  fruit  show  held  at  Toronto,  Canada, 
opened  Tuesday.  November  14,  and  was  an 
exhibition  worth,  seeing.  This  exhibit  was 
surprising  in  that  the  Ontario  apple  belt  is 
very  similar  in  many  ways  to  the  western 
and  central  New  York  apple-growing  sec¬ 
tions.  and  while  the  barrel  still  continues  to 
be  the  package  used  for  apples,  an  increas¬ 
ing  number  of  apples  are  being  packed 
each  year  in  boxes.  The  different  counties 
of  the  Province  of  Ontario  had  put  up 
county  exhibits  of  from  50  to  800  boxes; 
these  were  banked  usually  seven  tiers  high. 
The  Lambton  county  exhibit  was  10x21  boxes 
in  size  and  comprised  a  whole  map  of 
said  county  in  green  and  red  composed  of 
most  beautiful  fruit.  Norfolk  county 
showed  about  250  boxes,  among  which 
were  a  number  of  exceptionally  fine  Grimes 
Golden,  the  best  I  have  ever  seen  grown 
so  far  north.  Elgin  county  showed  some 
beautiful  fruit,  but  boxes  were  rather 
poorly  packed.  Ontario  county.  500  boxes; 
some  varieties,  especially  fine  were  Kings, 
Greenings,  Tolman,  Snow  and  Northern 
Spy.  Prince  Edward  county  exhibit  had 
been  wrecked  when  I  saw  it.  but  was  ex¬ 
ceptionally  fine  in  quality  and  packing.  An 
apple  there  on  exhibition  called  Strawberry 
Pippin  was  remarkable  in  color,  being  mot¬ 
tled  like  a  partially  ripe  cranberry  and 
very  attractive. 

Georgian  Ray  exhibit  consisted  of  150 
boxes  Ribston  and  Northern  Spy.  Only 
two  varieties,  but  pack,  quality  and  finish 
was  of  the  best  and  the  solid  arrangement 
of  varieties  was  much  more  attractive  than 
the  intermixing  of  boxes  of  different  varie¬ 
ties.  Wentworth  county  had  a  fine  exhibit 
of  mixed  varieties  nice  as  to  quality  but 
box  packing  not  of  the  best.  Durham  and 
Northumberland  showed  700  or  800  boxes 
and  a  full-sized  steamer,  lifeboats  and  all. 
sailing  through  waves  of  apples.  This 
was  exceptionally  well  done,  and  was  the 
finest  exhibition  piece  I  have  ever  seen, 
made  wholly  out  of  apples.  The  quality 
and  pack  of  apples  were  fine. 

Baxter,  as  seen  in  this  exhibit,  was  an 
attractive  looking  apple,  and  two  or  three 
growers  with  whom  I  talked,  seemed  well 
pleased  with  it.  About  80  barrels  of  apples 
were  entered  for  prizes  upon  commercial 
barrel  pack  of  different  varieties,  and  I 
was  surprised  to  see  the  possibilities  of  at¬ 
tractiveness  in  this  exhibit,  though  they 
were  certainly  not  as  attractive  as  the 
boxes  entered  for  similar  prizes  for  which 
the  competition  was  keen.  Prizes  were 
also  offered  for  best  cones  of  different  varie¬ 
ties,  using  a  barrel  hoop  for  the  founda¬ 
tion.  These  made  attractive  exhibits.  One 
feature  of  the  exhibit  which  I  think  is 
hardly  worth  while  was  the  $15  prize  of¬ 
fered  for  best  single  apple  of  the  principal 
commercial  varieties.  In  looking  over  the 
awards  upon  these  I  came  to  the  conclusion 
that  no  two  apple  experts,  even  the  best  in 
the  world,  would  agree  as  to  apple  to  be 
selected  as  best  and  most  typical.  I  also 
believe  that  four  boxes  high  is  as  high  as 
box  apples  should  be  tiered  for  exhibition 
purposes.  Because  those  higher  than  four 
tier  are  so  far  away  that  defects  can  not 
be  seen.  One  drawback  to  the  exhibition 
as  an  educational  one  was  that  boxes,  cones, 
plates,  etc.,  were  not  plainly  marked  with 
varietal  name.  I  heard  many  people  speak 
of  this  and  believe  it  is  a  point  that 
should  always  be  looked  after  in  all  exhi¬ 
bitions.  A  fine  display  of  canned  fruit  in 
glass  cans  was  a  feature  of  the  exhibit,  as 
were  the  vegetables  and  flowers  which  added 
to  the  attractiveness  of  the  exhibit  as  a 
whole. 

The  question  was  raised  in  my  mind  why 
an  exhibition  of  this  kind  might  not  be 
held  each  Fall  in  New  York  City?  It 
might  have  the  effect  of  bringing  the  pro¬ 
ducer  and  city  consumer  in  closer  touen ; 
give  the  consumer  more  of  an  idea  what 
the  producer  receives  for  his  produce  and 
the  difference  between  that  and  what  he  has 
to  pay.  Such  an  exhibit  also  might  put 
many  producers  in  direct  touch  with  the 
retailer,  which  might  cut  out  the  profits 
of  two  or  three  middlemen  and  work  out 
to  the  advantage  of  both  producer,  retailer 
and  consumer.  I  believe  that  many  large 
fruit  and  vegetable  growers  or  local  fruit 
or  vegetable  growers’  associations  could 
well  afford  to  rent  space,  advertise  their 
output  and  have  a  man  on  hand  to  take 
the  names  of  parties  interested ;  take 
orders,  _  hand  out  advertising  matter,  etc. 
There  is  a  growing  movement  voiced  by 
the  slogan  “The  producer  to  the  consumer” 
as  evidenced  by  the  growing  importance 
of  mail  order  and  catalogue  business. 
Would  not  an  exhibition  of  this  kind  be 
a  good  adjunct  to  our  present  State  Fairs 
at  Syracuse,  and  put  the  agriculturist  in 
close  touch  with  the  great  consuming  pub¬ 
lic,  in  which  he  should  be  most  interested? 

B.  D.  V.  B. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


Hobb  Residence ,  Fryeburg,  Me. 


Looks  Like  Stained  Shingles  ~ 

Why  don’t  you  roof  your  J — 1 
• — -  house  with  modern  roofing  ma- 
i—-,  terial?  It  is  more  than  a  sub-  * 

■ —  stitute  for  shingles  because  it 
: — -  resists  fire.  ^ 

|  [vJEponseTI 

-  PROSLATE  ROOFING  E 

^  The  Real  Rival  of  Best  Shingles  L 

— „  Which  Adds  Fire  Protection  ' — * 

“* “3  It  is  reddish  brown — is  laid  in  laps —  ZZZ 

"  attractive  as  stained  shingles.  Widely  — ~ 
ZZ  used  in  country  and  city  because  it 

makes  the  ideal  roof  for  houses.  **~* 

NEP  DN  SET  Proslate  meets  the  present-day  < 

need  of  a  permanent- wear,  fire-resisting  roof  “““• 
at  an  economical  price.  It  lasts  longer  than 

_ _  the  best  shingles  you  can  buy  and  costs  less. 

"**  Write  for  NEP0NSET  book  giving  all  the 

-  facts.  i — . 

— •  NEPDNSETParoid  for  barns:  NEPONSET  ZZ 
- 1  Red  Rope  for  low  cost  construction.  _ 

- 1  Write  ua  if  you  do  not  know 

— — <  a  NEP0NSET  dealer.  ' 

— J  F.  W.  BIRD  &  SON  in 

;  '  (Established  1795)  _ 

-  138  Neponset  St.,  E.  Walpole,  Mass.  — 

Now  York  Chicago  Washington  Portland,  Ora  r  M 


San  Franciflco 
Canadian  Plant ,  Hamilton , 


Ont. 


Get  the  big  prices  on 

the  early  market 

The  two  layers  of  glass  let 
your  plants  have  all  the  light 
all  the  time. 

iThis  causes  them  to  mature  earlier— 
I  become  hardier— sturdier.  When  the 
k  plants  grown  under  single  class  sash 
(that  must  be  covered)  are  still 
— *  small  and  weak,  your  plants  under 
Sunlight  Sash  will  be  ready  for  the  field. 
The  resulting  crops  will  get  the  bie 
prices. 

Start  now  for  early  Spring  Plant*.  Get  some  Sunlight 
Sash  ana  have  your  cabbage,  cauliflower,  tomato  and  other 
plants,  etc.,  ready  to  set  out  as  soon  as  the  weather  permits. 

Send  for  these  hooks.  One  is  our  free  catalog-  the 
other  is  a  book  on  hot-beds  and  cold-frames  by  Professor 
Massey,  It  is  authoritative  and  of 
vital  interest  to  all  growers,  florists 
and  gardeners.  4c  in  stamps  will 
bring  Professor  Massey’s  book  in 
addition  to  the  catalog. 

Sunlight  Double 
Glass  Sash  Co. 

024  E.  Broadway,  Louisville,  Ky, 


Wonderful  Sewing  Awl 


A  perfect  stitcher.  Makes  re- 

_  pairs  neat  and  quick.  Mends  har- 

1  $1 00  ness,  shoes,  awnings,  canvas, 

straps,  pulley  belts.  Sew  or 
Prepaid.  mend  anything,  heavy  or 

|  Agts.wanted^^  light.  Sells  on  sight. 

C.  A.  Myers  Co.,  6328  Lexington  Avo.,  Chicago  Ut. 


SAVE  HALF  THE  LABOR 

In  sawing  wood.  You  can  do 
this  and  at  the  same  time, 
cut  more  wood  in  a  given 
time  than  in  any  other  way 
by  using 


rolls,  moves 
down  instead  of 
against  the  operator  as  in  old  style  ma¬ 
chines.  Must  be  seen  to  be  appreciated.  We  also 
manufacture  Drag  Saws,  Saw  and  Shingle  Mills. 
Cet  our  prices  00  Cnnvns  Belting;  they  will  surprise  jrou. 
Send  for  prices  and  full  Information.  “Ask  about  Holsts.” 

Ireland  Machine  &  Foundry  Co.,14 State  St.,Norwich,N.Y. 


Pulls  Stumps 
Seven  Feet  Thick 


M0NARCH5TEELSTUMP  PuLLE 


The  mighty  Monarch  ia  made  of  highest  grade 
Bessemer  Steel  in  our  own  big  factory.  Outwears 
three  ordinary  pullers.  Guaranteed  700  h.  p.  and 
against  breakage.  Only  stump  puller  in  the  world 
equipped  with  genuine  ’’Hercules”  Red  Strand  steel 
wire  rope,  the  kind  used  by  U.  S.  Government. 
Clears  1  to  6  acres  a  day.  Used  in  all  parts  of  world. 

-Write  today  for  Catalog  and  special  proposition 
ZIMMERMAN  STEELJIO.^_Dopt  RYD  Lone  Tree.  Ia. 


Increased 

Fertility 


means  many  good  thing's.  One  of  them  is  the 
fact  that  the  farmer  can  do  without  a  hired  man 

if  he  makes  one  acre  produce  as  much  as  now 
comes  from  two,  or  he  can  afford  to  employ  the 
best  labor  there  is  and  all  he  needs,  if  he  doub¬ 
les  the  crops  on  all  his  acres. 

Why  take  half  a  crop  when  a  whole  one  is  possi¬ 
ble?  It  is  largely  a  matter  cf  fertility;  and  the  best 
part  of  it  is  that  the  more  fertilizer  used  the  easier 
it  is  to  pay  for  it;  the  extra  crop  takes  care  of  that, 
but  the  right  fertilizer  should  be  used. 

Wherever  you  live,  we  can  reach  you  with  the  right 
fertilizer,  the  right  service,  and  the  right  price. 

Write  today  for  copy  of  “Plant  Food’’,  a  practical 
hand  book  on  fertility.  No  advertising  in  it;  sent 
without  cost. 

Agents  wanted  in  unoccupied  territory.  Liberal 
terms  and  goods  that  sell.  It  pays  to  sell  our  fertiliz¬ 
ers  as  well  as  use  them.  Ask  for  agency  proposition. 

The  American  Agricultural  Chemical  Co., 

Makers  of  brands  with  fifty  years 
of  quality  and  results  behind  them. 

129  Lewis  Street,  Buffalo,  New  York. 


5194 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKER 


December  16, 


Pierce 

n  Boilers  and 
tm  Radiators 


Don’t  wait  for  your  new  house; 
make  your  old  house 
comfortable ! 

Put  in  a  modern  steam  or  hot  water  equip¬ 
ment.  Give  your  coldest,  most  exposed 
rooms  a  70°  temperature  with  far  less  at¬ 
tention  and  no  more  fuel  than  your  stoves 
require.  You  can  do  it  with  Pierce  Boilers 
and  Radiators. 

You  can  do  it  now,  without  disturbing 
your  present  heating  arrangements.  Let 
us  send  a  competent  man  to  figure  the 
cost  of  giving  you  a  comfortable  home. 


Every  Farmer 
should  send  for 
and  read  our 
Heat  Primer 

It  is  a  non-technical  talk 
on  house  heating.  It  ex¬ 
plains  in  simple  language 
how  Steam  heats,  how 
Hot  Water  heats,  and 
the  difference  between 
the  two.  It  shows  the 
way  to  get  enough  heat ; 
clean  and  healthful  heat, 
at  a  low  cost.  Send  for 
it  today. 


PIEKCE-MARK 


Pierce  Boilers  and  Radiators  have  made 
good  in  over  200,000  homes  during  the  past 
SS  years— made  good  in  fuel  saving,  free¬ 
dom  from  repairs,  and  in  furnishing  ade¬ 
quate,  healthful,  clean  heat.  There  is  a  Pierce 
Boiler  exactly  suited  to  your  needs.  The  one  shown 
here  is  the  Modern” — one  of  200  styles. 

PIERCE.  BUTLER  &  PIERCE  MFG.  CO. 

261  James  Street,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

Show  Rooms  in  Principal  Cities 


LE 


Higher  Cost  of  Living 
Does  not  Include  Fence 


Ten  years  ago  it 
took  2  bushels  of  corn 
to  buy  1  rod  of  fence.  To¬ 
day  1  bushel  of  corn  will  buy  2 
rods  of  •  better  fence. 

Price  Low— Quality  Better  Than  Ever 


Top- working  Apples  on  Stark. 

H.  T.,  Sodas,  Mich. — Stark  apple  trees 
are  being  planted  to  be  top-worked  to 
Grimes  Golden  and  Jonathan.  At  what  age 
should  the  trees  be  worked  over?  As  the 
Grimes  and  Jonathan  are  rather  hard  to 
get  up  to  size  here,  do  you  think  anything 
could  be  gained  in  the  way  of  larger  fruit 
by  grafting  the  trees  as  late  as  possible, 
with  the  idea  that  the  older'  the  Stark 
trees  become  ‘  the  more  they  retain  their 
vigorous  growth  and  root  system  with  the 
consequent  added  ability  to  furnish  plant 
food?  Can  Northern  Spy  be  brought  into 
hearing  earlier  by  top-working  it  on  Stark, 
or  perhaps  some  weaker  growing  variety? 
An  old  grower  and  dealer  in  this  vicinity 
maintains  that  all  the  strong-growing  late- 
bearing  kinds  can  be  brought  into  bearing 
earlier  by  top-working. 

A  ns. — There  is  no  doubt  that  a  vigor¬ 
ous  root  system  gives  the  top  more  vigor 
than  a  feeble  one.  There  is  a  corre¬ 
spondence  or  equilibrium  maintained  be¬ 
tween  them,  and  whatever  is  failing  or 
lacking  in  one  is  apt  to  correspondingly 
affect  the  other.  Stark  is  a  very  thrifty 
tree  and  Grimes  and  Jonathan  will  do 
well  on  it  as  a  stock.  When  the  trees 
have  well-formed  heads,  say  two  or 
three  years  from  planting  in  the  orchard 
would  be  the  stage  in  which  I  would 
top-graft  them.  To  let  them  get  older 
and  larger  would  not  make  any  material 
difference,  so  I  believe.  Northern  Spy 
is  a  very  thrifty  grower,  and  I  do  not 
think  it  would  be  brought  into  earlier 
bearing  by  grafting  it  onto  Stark,  but  it 
might  be  well  to  try  it  in  adjoining  rows 
and  give  the  rest  of  us  the  benefit  of 
whatever  may  be  learned. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


“THE  CONSUMER’S  DOLLAR.” 

The  inquiry  on  page  1131,  as  to  how  to 
do  business  with  the  farmer  direct,  shows 
that  the  middleman’s  sword  is  double- 
pointed.  City  folks  have  to  buy — they  can¬ 
not  grow  produce,  and  a  large  factor  would 
like  to  secure  their  food  straight  from  the 
field.  This  would  insure  freshness,  better 
quality  and  lower  price.  Many  would  like 
to  buy  from  the  farmers,  because  city  toil¬ 
ers  know  that  the  grower  has  been  sucking 
n  35-cent  lemon  while  the  commission  bond¬ 
holder  lias  been  carving  the  melons.  A 
sense  of  a  fair  shake  is  in  us  all.  The 
reasons  they  do  not  buy  of  the  farmer 
more  extensively  are  that  they  wish  small 
quantities,  good  quality  in  neat  packages: 
they  do  not  know  the  grower ;  fear  of  culls, 
delays  in  carriage.  When  the  producer 
can  overcome  these  objections  he  has  a 
vast  field.  He  can  secure  the  trade  of  pri¬ 
vate  families,  boarding  houses,  hotels,  fruit 
stands  and  grocers.  All  like  to  buy  from 
a  man  who  knows  his  goods  and  stands 
back  of  them  with  a  warranty  of  quality 
I  have  lived  among  city  folk  and  also 
shipped  to  them  as  a  producer.  A  pleased 
patron  soon  writes  for  their  entire  list  of 
fruits  and  vegetables,  besides  poultry  and 
eggs.  A  farmer  can  advertise  in  city 
papers,  can  canvass  personally,  can  secure 
lists  of  names  from  a  telephone  book,  or 
write  to  board  of  trade  for  list  of  grocers 
etc.  The  producer  should  see  that  his 
goods  are  delivered,  as  city  people  do  not 
care  to  engage  truckmen  to  haul  goods. 
Sometimes  they  become  impatient  because 
the  farmer  cannot  produce  the  variety  need¬ 
ed  and  early  enough.  When  you  learn  the 
rating  of  a  patron  yon  can  safely  give  him 
credit;  his  practice  may  be  to  pay  monthly. 
As  an  example.  I  found  one  Italian  fruit 
vender  who  paid  $5  per  barrel  for  medium 
Baldwins,  while  1  could  deliver  them  to 
him  for  $3.50.  The  field  is  worth  working. 

Yadkin  Valley,  N.  C.  i.  h. 

I  am  very  much  interested  in  you  and 
your  readers’  plans  as  to  how  the  producer 
can  get  all  or  most  of  the  consumer’s  dol¬ 
lar.  This  question  has  been  in  operation  in 
Faducab  for  more  than  50  years.  The  re¬ 
sult  is  a  city  market  house,  300  feet  long 
and  30  feet  wide,  occupying  the  center  of  a 
wide  street.  Facing  the  market  on  the 
sides  are  grocery  stores  and  every  sort  of 
retail  business,  and  produce  commission 
houses  which  retail  with  the  farmers  on 
the  market  house  benches,  both  getting 
what  their  stuff  is  worth  at  retail.  All  the 
butchers  are  here  also.  We  have  no  butcher 
shops  or  greengrocers.  The  market  is  open 
from  5  a.  m.  to  9  a.  m„  only  four  hours, 
but  in  that  time  the  housekeepers  of  a 
city  of  25.000  people  have  bought  their 
meat,  poultry  and  vegetables,  and  their 
baskets  were  left  at  their  grocers,  where 
their  groceries  were  put  in  the  baskets  and 
delivered  by  11  a.  m„  a  nice  lot  of  work 
for  six  hours.  The  market  is  open  all  day 
Saturday  and  after  dark.  Fifty  years’ 
theory  and  practice  and  the  rubbing  to¬ 
gether  of  the  producer  and  consumer  has 
produced  a  highly  valuable  hook  of  city 
ordinances  and  rules  governing  this  traffic. 
Any  city  contemplating  a  city  market 
could  not  do  better  than  to  send  a  repre¬ 
sentative  and  observe  its  workings  for  a 
week.  It  is  an  immense  success.  g.  e.  h. 

Paducah,  Ivy. 

I  have  noticed  that  you  quote  full  cream 
cheese,  the  best,  at  13  to  14%  cents  per 
pound.  It  costs  one  cent  per  pound  to  lay 
them  down  In  this  market.  We  pay  25 
cents  per  pound  for  every  pound  we  buy, 
and  the  cheese  is  not  full  cream  or  whole 
milk.  This  looks  to  me  as  too  much  profit 
for  the  retailer  to  make  per  pound. 

Columbus,  Ga.  j.  J.  w. 

A  Commission  Rettrn. — I  sent  25  bas¬ 
kets  of  apples  to  Philadelphia  the  other 
day  and  wrote  in  the  bottom  of  the  bas¬ 
kets  my  name  and  ‘‘What  did  this  cost 
you?”  I  got  returns  at  45  cents.  20- 
pound  basket,  and  got  a  card  from  a  man 
who  said  he  bought  the  lot  at  50  cents ! 
I  wrote  him  for  the  seller,  thinking  the 
firm  had  jobbed  them,  so  if  he  gives  the 


firm  as  having  sold  to  him  direct  I  shall 
write  them  for  an  accounting.  And  yet 
they  are  a  reliable  firm  in  excellent  stand¬ 
ing.  I  think  perhaps  the  salesman  grafted 
the  extra  nickel.  d.  j. 

That  is  a  now  one  when  the  jobber  an¬ 
swers  such  questions.  They  must  be  all 
looking  for  that  "inside  ballot.” 


A  Tight  Cellar  Wanted. 

I  want  to  put  a  cellar  under  a  building 
40x60  feet ;  want  it  for  fruit  storage.  I 
wish  to  build  the  walls  of  stone,  10  feet 
high,  and  use  cement  as  mortar,  then  put 
in  concrete  floor.  Can  I  build  this  way  and 
be  sure  to  keep  the  water  out?  The  site  Is 
at  the  foot,  of  a  hill.  The  soil  becomes 
very  full  of  water  when  it  rains  heavily 
and  in  the  Spring.  s.  O. 

Pennsylvania. 

Yes.  I  think  you  can  build  your  cellar 
and  have  it  perfectly  dry  if  you  use  your 
head  along  with  the  museuinr  part  of  the 
work.  When  the  excavating  is  done  any 
wet-looking  place  that  will  be  under  the 
floor  should  he  thoroughly  drained.  Put 
a  good  drain  all  the  way  round  under  side- 
walls.  having  a  good  grade  so  the  water 
ran  run  off  quickly  during  a  period  of  wet 
weather,  and  yon  will  have  no  trouble. 
When  laying  the  sidewalls  make  your  form 
as  tight  as  possible ;  If  watertight  all  the 
better.  Make  your  mortar  one  cement,  two 
sand,  and  just  thin  enough  to  work  easily 
hut  not  like  slop,  as  we  often  see  it  used. 
Put  in  about  four  inches  of  cement  in  the 
form  as  far  as  one  hatch  will  reach  :  then  if 
you  have  a  straight  spade  with  a  square 
point  work  the  cement  down  thoroughly 
along  the  edge  of  forms,  being  more  partic¬ 
ular  about  the  outer  than  inside  of  form. 
When  you  have  the  cement  worked  down 
along  the  edges,  place  all  the  stone  in  that 
the  cement  will  cover :  press  them  down 
with  the  hand,  keeping  them  hack  about  one 
inch  from  either  side  of  form  boards. 
When  that  batch  will  not  take  any  more 
stone  fill  another  stretch,  going  right 
around  the  building  until  the  desired  height 
is  reached,  keeping  the  work  as  nearly  level 
as  possible  from  start  to  finish.  When  you 
put  the  bottom  in  get  busy :  as  soon  as  the 
first  shoveful  of  concrete  Is  placed  work  it 
down  firm  in  the  bottom,  not  depending  on 
a  11  tie  fancy  troweling  after  the  bottom  is 
laid,  which  often  does  more  harm  than 
good.  A  good  concrete  floor  that  will 
stand  the  test  must  be  put  down  right, 
using  good  material.  A  little  fancy  skim 
coat  of  good  material  over  a  lot  of  poor 
has  spoiled  many  otherwise  nice  jobs  of 
cement  work.  w.  a.  b. 

Baled  Corn  Fodder, 

A  shortage  of  the  hay  crop  is  reported 
this  year,  and  no  doubt  substitutes  for  hay 
will  he  offered.  Will  you  tell  us  what  the 
chances  are  for  offering  shredded  or  cut 
corn  fodder?  Some  years  ago  experiments 
were  tried  in  selling  it,  but  it  did  not  go 
well.  This  year  there  might  be  a  greater 
demand.  Do  you  expect  to  handle  it,  and 
if  so.  about  what  will  it  sell  for? 

Very  little  corn  fodder  is  used  here. 

Baltimore.  Md.  j.  m.  frisch  &  co. 

We  have  had  but  one  experience  in  sell¬ 
ing  corn  fodder,  and  unless  we  had  some 
demand  would  only  handle  same  on  com¬ 
mission.  c.  M.  MUNROE  &  SON. 

Providence,  R.  I. 

This  feed  can  be  used  on  the  farm  very 
satisfactorily  but  it  is  not  a  food  for  any 
market,  and  the  trade  here  would  not  take 
it  for  a  gift.  It  will  not  be  handled  no 
matter  how  short  the  hay  crop  may  be, 
in  our  opinion,  henry  h.  freeman  &  co 

Chicago,  III. 

We  can  do  nothing  whatever  on  this 
market  with  shredded  corn  fodder.  We 
have  tried  it  several  times  and  it  will  not 
sell.  Apparently  it  is  an  impossibility  to 
market  this  commodity  without  heating. 
As  a  rule  it  arrives  at  destination  In  dam¬ 
aged  condition. 

DANIEL  M’CAFFREY’S  SONS  CO. 

Pittsburg.  Pa. 

We  never  have  sold  shredded  or  cut  corn 
fodder  and  we  doubt  very  much  if  it  will 
be  sold  in  this  market.  It  is  a  feed  more 
for  cows  than  anything  else,  and  there  prob¬ 
ably  would  not  be  any  chance  to  sell  it  for 
that  purpose  on  this  market  until  March  or 
April  of  next  year.  There  is  enough  mixed 
hay  and  Blue  grass  and  other  mixtures  to 
take  care  of  the  cattle  trade  in  this  terri¬ 
tory  up  to  that  time.  That  is  our  opinion 
of  the  situation.  We  feel  that  the  squeeze 
on  hay,  if  we  get  it  at  all.  will  be  in  the 
early  Spring.  hornell  hay  co. 

Hornell.  N.  Y. 

While  there  may  he  a  slight  shortage  of 
the  hay  crop,  we  do  not  believe  it  is  as 
short  as  was  originally  thought,  and  it  is 
very  apparent  that  not  as  much  hay  is  re¬ 
quired  to  supply  the  demand  as  in  other 
seasons:  in  other  words,  the  markets  have 
declined  frequently  this  season  on  light  re¬ 
ceipts.  We  have  handled  in  the  past  a  few 
cars  of  shredded  corn  fodder,  but  it  has 
not  been  a  satisfactory  experiment.  It 
seems  almost  impossible  for  the  farmers 
to  get  their  shredded  fodder  sufficiently 
dried  out  and  cured  so  that  it  can  be 
bought  with  safety.  While  some  of  the  ears 
go  through  all  right,  other  cars  contain 
at  destination  many  moldy  and  unsound 
bales,  while  the  same  shredded  fodder  was 
all  right  and  in  good  condition  when 
pressed.  the  irvin  t.  fangboner  co. 

Bellevue,  O. 


Keeping  a  Record. — For  several  years  I 
have  been  filing  away  what  I  thought  were 
the  best  issues  of  the  several  farm  papers  I 
read.  I  found  it  a  very  disagreeable  job  to 
hunt  through  this  collection  in  search  of 
some  information  on  any  given  subject.  A 
better  way  is  to  save  all  the  papers  until  I 
can  take  the  time  (about  once  each 
month)  ;  then  I  cut  out  the  index  from 
every  issue  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  and  file  them 
away  where  they  are  safe  and  handy.  The 
paper  itself  T  lay  flat  in  a  box  in  the  attic 
to  which  the  lid  fits  snug  into  the  box : 
then  I  place  a  weight  on  the  lid.  If  I  find 
something  in  any  other  publication  I  cut 
it  out,  number  or  date  it :  next  T  place  this 
date,  or  number  opposite  a  similar  item  in 
my  index  file :  the  clipping  I  place  in  the 
number  and  page  to  correspond  with  the 
index :  thus  with  ease  and  dispatch  one 
can  look  up  any  subject  published  in  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  selections  from  other  sources. 

Cincinnati,  Q.  nr.  w.  h. 


Within  ten  years  farm  prod¬ 
ucts  have  greatly  advanced  in 
market  value  while  the  price  of 
woven  wire  fence  has  been  re¬ 
duced.  These  are  the  reasons: 
Newer  and  improved  methods 
of  digging  the  ore,  shipping  to 
the  furnaces,  melting  into  steel 
and  making  into  finished  prod¬ 
ucts  are  in  force.  Ten  years 
ago  operations  were  on  a  small 
scale.  Today  the  plan  of  oper¬ 
ation  is  vast.  The  manufac¬ 
turer  is  able  to  deliver  the  fin¬ 
ished  goods  quickly,  of  better 
quality  and  at  a  lower  price. 


American  fence  is  made  bet¬ 
ter  than  ever.  It  is  a  thorough¬ 
ly  galvanized  square  mesh  fence 
of  weight,  strength  and  dura¬ 
bility.  Large  wires  are  used 
and  the  whole  fabric  is  woven 
together  with  the  American 
hinged  joint  (patented) — the 
most  substantial  and  flexible 
union  possible.  Both  wires  are 
positively  locked  and  firmly  held 
against  side  slip  and  yet  are  free 
to  act  like  a  hinge  in  yielding 
to  pressure,  returning  quickly 
to  place  without  bending  or 
injuring  the  metal. 


FlpaLvc  IT  VPt*VurIlP1*A  Stocks  of  American  Fence  are  carried  in  every  place 
*  IjVCI  Jf  W11C1C  where  farm  supplies  are  sold.  The  Fence  is  shipped 
to  these  points  in  carload  lots,  thereby  securing  the  cheapest  transportation,  and  the  saving  in 
freight  thus  made  enables  it  to  be  sold  at  the  lowest  prices.  Look  for  the  American  Fence  dealer 
and  get  the  substantial  advantages  he  is  enabled  to  offer.  He  is  there  to  serve  the  purchaser  in 
person,  offer  the  variety  of  selection  and  save  the  buyer  money  in  many  ways. 

FRANK  BAACKES,  Vice-President  and  General  Sales  Agent 

American  Steel  &  Wire  Company 

r 

Chicago  New  York  Denver  San  Francisco 

Send'for  copy  of"  American  Fence  News,"  Profusely  illustrated,  devoted  to  the  interests  of  farmers  and 
showing  hour  fence  may  be  employed  to  enhance  the  earning  power  of  a  farm.  Furnished  free  upon  application. 


1911. 


1186 


HOW  THEY  HOLD  US  UP. 

As  an  illustration  of  the  rates  still 
collected  by  express  companies  for  a 
service  that  could  be  rendered  profitably 
at  less  than  half  the  rate  charged,  I 
have  recently  had  to  pay  the  American 
Express  Co.  85  cents  carriage  on  a  par¬ 
cel  of  books  from  Columbia,  Mo., 
weighing  only  pounds.  The  postage 
on  these  books  would  have  been  52 
cents,  and  if  I  am  not  mistaken  the  ex¬ 
press  company  had  no  right  to  charge 
any  more  than  that.  I  told  the  delivery 
clerk  that  the  charge  was  an  outrage, 
but  the  only  satisfaction  I  got  was  the 
service  smile  which  says,  “Well,  what 
are  you  going  to  do  about  it?” 

So  far  as  I  can  see,  the  only  thing  we 
can  do  is  to  keep  everlastingly  at  the 
demand  for  a  parcels  post  service,  and 
for  one  just  as  broad  and  liberal  as  the 
best  enjoyed  by  our  neighbors.  We  have 
the  right  to  demand  from  our  national 
legislature  any  kind  of  a  public  service 
that  will  be  useful  to  us.  We  are  pay¬ 
ing  to  private  monopolies,  in  this  in¬ 
stance,  more  than  such  a  public  service 
would  cost,  and  it  is  a  discredit  to  our 
intelligence  and  a  reflection  upon  our 
voting  power  that  we  have  gone  without 
it  for  so  long  a  time.  This  country  was 
not  founded  to  nurse  and  protect 
monopolies,  and  whenever  our  repre¬ 
sentatives  get  the  idea  that  their  duty 
lies  in  that  direction,  we  cannot  drop 
them  too  quickly. 

Again  let  me  say,  let  us  keep  ever¬ 
lastingly  at  it !  When  Congress  opens 
this  month  let  us  begin  to  send  in  peti¬ 
tions,  letters  and  postcards,  backed  by 
declarations  of  what  we  intend  to  do  at 
the  polls  next  year  if  our  demands  are; 
not  respected.  And  then,  let  us  do  what 
we  promise.  If  this  present  Congress 
does  not  give  us  what  we  ask,  as  good 
a  parcels  post  as  the  best  enjoyed  by 
other  countries,  let  us  send  men  to 
Washington  at  the  next  election  who 
will.  A.  J.  L. 

Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

R.  N.-Y. — Referring  this  matter  to 
the  British  Consulate  General  in  New 
York  we  obtain  the  following: 

Tn  reply  to  your  letter  of  the  18th  inst.,  I 
have  to  acquaint  you  that  the  Inland 
Parcel  Post  rates  in  Great  Britain  are  as 
follows : 


Not  exceeding  s.  d. 

1  pound .  0  3 

2  pounds .  0  4 

3  pounds .  0  5 

5  pounds .  0  G 

7  pounds .  0  7 

8  pounds .  0  8 

9  pounds .  0  9 

10  pounds .  0  10 

11  pounds .  0  11 


Thus  this  package  would  have  cost 
sixpence  or  12  cents  postage,  all  in  one 
package.  Here  the  books  must  go  in 
two  packages ! 


FROST-PROOF  FARM  STORAGE. 

I  have  noticed  that  the  Hope  Farm  man 
regards  the  potato  crop  as  a  great  gamble, 
and  as  safe  only  when  a  man  has  had  the 
money  in  his  hands  and  spent  it.  Her 
(Northern  Ohio)  we  plant  very  late.  My  . 
date  Is  June  15,  or  as  near  to  that  as 
weather  conditions  will  admit.  This  year 
potatoes  planted  in  August  in  a  garden 
made  good,  while  the  few  planted  in  April 
and  May  were  not  worth  digging.  Planted 
so  late  we  can  seldom  begin  digging  till 
the  last  of  October,  and  then  must  strain 
every  nerve  to  get  them  out.  Last  year 
I  had  14  acres  dug,  about  1,200  bushels, 
and  had  1,000  bushels  I  think  freeze  in 
the  ground.  This  year  we  could  not  be¬ 
gin  to  dig,  as  the  ground  was  wet  and 
the  vines  still  green,  till  October  20.  We 
got  two  acres  dug :  then  it  rained  and 
turned  our  clay  fields  into  a  mortar  bed. 
But  warned  by  last  year  we  abandoned  our 
$125  four  horse  digger,  and  all  hands  went 
to  forking  them  out  with  manure  forks, 
and  not  a  potato  of  the  thousand  or  more 
bushels  but  had  to  have  the  mud  wiped  off. 
We  had  got  off  40  bushels  ;  had  about  000 
bushels  in  the  barn  drying  and  about  100 
yet  to  dig,  when  the  blizzard  of  November 
12  struck  us,  and  in  spite  of  our  work 
Sunday  to  cover  them  up  we  shall  still  lose 
many  bushels  of  70-cent  potatoes.  When 
the  thermometer  drops  to  five  degrees  and  a 
hurricane  wind  is  blowing  it  takes  some¬ 
thing  besides  straw  and  corn  fodder  to  keep 
out  frost.  So  you  see  from  this  prelude 
that  what  seems  to  me  now  an  absolute 
necessity  is  some  place  where  we  can  carry 
our  potatoes  direct  from  the  wagon,  quickly 
and  easily,  and  know  that  they  are  safe  if 
they  have  to  stay  till  Spring,  as  indeed  our 
seed  and  for  home  use  do.  I  see  you  are 
thinking  of  that  same  thing  for  your 
apples.  I  have  no  bank  or  hill  to  dig  into, 
and  I  would  not  carry  them  down  steps  and 
up  again,  so  I  wish  to  build  a  frost  and 
fireproof  storehouse  on  a  level,  so  that  I 
can  back  my  wagon,  set  the  crates  off  with 
the  least  possible  labor  and  time ;  then 
when  they  are  ready  to  go,  back  in  the 
big  wagon,  throw  on  70  bushels  and  drive 
out.  We  have  about  1,000  crates  and  let 
them  stand  as  long  as  we  can  to  harden 
up,  so  they  will  not  skin  in  handling. 

My  plan  so  far  as  I  have  any  is  some¬ 
thing  like  this :  I  can  buy  what  are  known 
as  No.  2  square-hole  conduits,  practieallv  a 
hard  burnt  glazed  square  tile,  5%  inches 
square,  18  inches  long,  with  3%x3%  hole. 

I  bought  a  car  once  and  laid  them  for  drain 
tile,  so  I  knew  pretty  well  what  they  are, 
and  they  cost  me  $12  per  1,000  feet,  deliv¬ 
ered  at  my  station.  This  would  be  prac¬ 
tically  $25  per  1,000  feet  surface  of  wall. 
My  idea  is  to  lay  up  a  double  wall  two 
inches  or  more  apart,  tied  together  by  wires 
and  fill  in  between  the  tile  with  dry  saw¬ 
dust.  I  would  thus  have  four  air-proof 
walls  %  inch  thick,  two  dead  air  spaces 


THE  RURA.1^  NEW-YORKER 


3  V2  inches  and  dry  sawdust  two  or 
more  inches.  Problem :  How  thick  should 
the  sawdust  be?  For  the  roof  I  have  joists 
2x12  inches,  20  feet  long,  and  my  idea  is 
to  place  them  two  feet  apart  on  centers, 
nail  two-inch  strips  about  two  inches  from 
bottom  edge,  then  cut  boards  22  inches  long 
and  drop  in  between  the  joists,  then  fill  in 
with  sawdust  to  top  of  joists.  On  the 
ceiling  I  could  lath  and  plaster,  or  nail  on 
this  plaster  board.  As  1  want  this  build¬ 
ing  to  be  as  near  fireproof  as  possible  how 
can  I  cover  this  dry  sawdust  so  that  no 
stray  spark  from  a  thrashing  engine  can 
get  to  it.  As  I  know  nothing  about  tar 
and  gravel  roofing  I  shall  probably  put  on 
a  galvanized  iron  roof  either  corrugated  or 
V  -crimp. 

As  to  the  ventilation  I  can  put  one  or 
more  galvanized  cupola  ventilators  in  the 
roof  with  damper  in  them,  but  if  any  air 
comes  out  how  can  any  air  get  in  to  take 
its  place?  I  have  made  no  provision  for 
windows,  as  they  would  add  a  good  bit  to 
the  expense,  and  I  do  not  want  any  sunlight 
more  than  will  come  in  at  the  north  door. 
If  I  wish  to  work  in  there  I  have  my 
gasoline  torches  or  can  pipe  in  my  gas.  We 
used  to  hear  a  great  deal  about  a  sub-earth 
duct  ventilation.  How  would  it  do  to  run 
a  tile  drain  out  say  10  rods  and  have  it 
come  up  in  the  floor,  or  should  I  just  put 
some  tile  crossways  through  the  wall  near 
the  floor  and  in  cold  -weather  stuff  them 
with  rags  or  waste?  This  building  as 
planned  will  be  20x42  feet,  and  12  feet 
from  the  end  a  partition  of  the  same  con¬ 
struction  as  the  walls  will  be  put  in,  and 
this  part  run  up  two  feet  higher  and  a 
gable  roof  put  on  for  my  icehouse.  “The 
need  is  great.”  My  only  outlay  will  not 
be  very  heavy  except  in  trouble  and  anxiety, 
but  I  will  guarantee  that  your  readers  in 
this  county  have  lost  enough  this  time  to 
pay  for  The  II.  N.-Y.  the  rest  of  their 
lives,  so  I  make  bold  to  ask  you  to  take 
this  matter  up  and  give  us  all  the  informa¬ 
tion  5-011  can  in  this  matter  ;  whether  frost¬ 
proof  storehouses  for  the  farm  are  prac- 
tical,  and  if  by  any  means  they  can  be  made 
cold  storage”  too,  so  much  the  better. 

Medina  Co.,  Ohio.  d.  a.  clapp. 

R.  N.-Y. — Mr.  Clapp  could  not  have 
started  a  more  useful  discussion.  Such  stor¬ 
age  houses  are  greatly  needed.  In  our  own 
case  it  would  mean  a  saving  of  at  least 
one-third  of  our  Fall  fruit  if  we  could  hold 
it  while  thousands  are  pouring  the  crop 
into  market.  Mr.  Clapp  has  made  the  po¬ 
tato  growers’  situation  clear.  Now  we  want 
a  full  discussion  of  this  thing.  Take  the 
plan  as  hero  given  and  analyze  it.  Tell 
where  it  can  be  improved  if  possible  or 
if  it  is  right  O.  K.  it.  Our  readers  can 
settle  this  important  matter  if  they  will. 


A  Farm  Cisterx. — I  have  a  cistern  at 
the  corner  of  my  barn  12  by  12,  built  in 
the  shape  of  a  bottle.  I  put  it  six  feet 
underground  and  built  a  mound  six  feet 
high.  I  take  the  water  from  both  roofs 
of  the  barn.  The  barn  is  a  little  higher 
than  my  house  (150  feet  away),  so  we  have 
all  the  water  we  need  for  every  purpose 
except  cooking  and  drinking,  drawing  from 
a  faucet  in  the  kitchen  sink.  Very  many 
farmers  would  save  themselves  and  wives 
a  large  amount  of  work  by  doing  the  same. 

Massachusetts.  c.  M.  f. 

Lucille  Grape. — A  few  weeks  ago  you 
referred  to  Lucille  grapes.  I  think  this  is 
the  best  red  grape  we  have,  with  only  two 
drawbacks.  A  strong;  healthy  grower  to  do 
its  best  wants  from  16  to  20  feet  of  room ; 
bunch  large  shouldered  and  compact,  berries 
large,  juicy  and  very  spicy ;  skin  thin.  It 
ripens  about  September  1,  has  to  be  har¬ 
vested  when  fully  ripe.  Against  it,  the 
strong  aroma  and  fine  skin  invites  insects, 
if  not  protected.  If  left  on  the  vine 
(bagged)  after  ripe,  it  will  lose  flavor,  the 
juice  darkens  and  by  the  middle  of  Sep¬ 
tember  looks  flaky  or  milky.  I  have  10 
bearing  and  will  propagate  quite  some  the 
coming  year.  h.  a.  p. 

Middle  Valley,  N.  J. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
I{.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
"square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


THE  LITTLE  WIDOW 

A  Mighty  Good  Sort  of  Neighbor  to  Have* 

“A  little  widow,  a  neighbor  of  mine, 
persuaded  me  to  try  Grape-Nuts  when 
my  stomach  was  so  weak  that  it  would 
not  retain  food  of  any  other  kind,” 
writes  a  grateful  woman,  from  San 
Bernardino  Co.,  Cal. 

“I  had  been  ill  and  confined  to  my 
bed  with  fever  and  nervous  prostration 
for  three  long  months  after  the  birth 
of  my  second  boy.  We  were  in  despair 
until  the  little  widow’s  advice  brought 
relief. 

“I  liked  Grape-Nuts  food  from  the 
beginning,  and  in  an  incredibly,  short 
time  it  gave  me  such  strength  that  I 
was  able  to  leave  my  bed  and  enjoy  my 
three  good  meals  a  day.  In  two  months 
my  weight  increased  from  95  to  113 
pounds,  my  nerves  had  steadied  down 
and  I  felt  ready  for  anything.  My 
neighbors  were  amazed  to  see  me  gain 
so  rapidly,  and  still  more  so  when  they 
heard  that  Grape-Nuts  alone  had 
brought  the  change. 

“My  four-year-old  boy  had  ecz'ema 
very  bad  last  Spring  and  lost  his  appe¬ 
tite  entirely,  which  made  him  cross  and 
peevish.  I  put  him  on  a  diet  of  Grape- 
Nuts,  which  he  relished  at  once.  He 
improved  from  the  beginning,  the  ec¬ 
zema  disappeared  and  now  he  is  fat 
and  rosy,  with  a  delightfully  soft,  clear 
skin.  The  Grape-Nuts  diet  did  it.  I 
will  willingly  answer  all.  inquiries.” 
Name  given  by  Postum  Co.,  Battle 
Creek,  Mich. 

Read  the  little  book,  “The  Road  to 
Wellville,”  in  pkgs.  “There’s  a  reason.” 

Ever  read  the  above  letter  ?  A  new  one 
appears  from  time  to  time.  They  are  genu¬ 
ine,  true,  and  full  of  human  interest. 


Take  Your  Choice 

of  these 

32  Special  Books 


Let  us  show  you  free  of  all  cost  or  obligation 
exactly  how  you  can  save  money  on  everything 
you  buy  to  eat  or  wear  or  use  in  any  way. 

Here  are  a  number  of  the  special  books  we 
I  Issue.  In  the  entire  list  there  may  be  but  one 
or  two  or  three  that  will  interest  you  at  this 
time.  But  by  all  means  get  that  book  or  books 
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THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


December  10, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 

Hunting  a  Farm. — I  am  sure  we  have 
had  300  letters  much  like  this  one: 

I  am  thinking  of  buying  a  small  farm 
within  20  miles  radius  of  Boston.  I  know 
nothing  of  farm  life  or  what  to  look  for 
in  buying.  Any  book  on  the  subject  of 
buying  a  farm  or  any  advice  from  you,  I 
would  like  very  much.  I  have  been  think¬ 
ing  of  raising  poultry,  also  fruits  and 
vegetables  for  the  market.  I  hope  to  be 
able  to  start  this  prospect  and  still  work 
in  Boston  for  awhile,  as  my  salary  is  nec¬ 
essary  to  the  support  of  the  family. 

Massachusetts.  j.  b.  p. 

Now,  any  man  who  has  ever  lived  on 
a  farm  will  see  the  folly  of  buying  land 
in  any  such  way.  You  cannot  learn  out 
of  a  book,  nor  can  strangers  advise  you. 
This  farm  is  to  be  your  home,  where  you 
hope  to  make  part  of  your  living,  and  if 
you  ever  did  anything  carefully  in  your 
life  you  should  do  the  best  job  in  select¬ 
ing  land.  The  average  “back-to-the- 
lander”  seems  to  think  all  land  is  alike, 
the  same  as  all  ocean  water.  Do  not 
trust  to  books  or  distant  advice,  but  hire 
some  good  farmer  to  go  along  with  you 
and  look  at  the  soil.  He  can  tell,  and 
while  if  he  is  honest  he  may  drive  some 
spikes  into  your  notions,  listen  to  him. 
There  ought  to  be  good  opportunity  for 
many  such  farmers  to  go  out  and  give 
sound  advice  about  soils  and  farms.  In 
many  cases  such  a  farmer  would  be  bet¬ 
ter  than  an  “expert." 

Curing  Sunflowers. — Here  is  an¬ 
other  question  that  will  not  dry  up : 

I  have  raised  quite  a  lot  of  mammoth 
sunflowers  this  season,  and  have  spread 
them  one  deep  on  a  floor.  They  are  all 
rotting.  Will  you  inform  me  how  to  tatce 
care  of  sunflowers  another  season?  I 
think  they  are  a  good  crop  to  raise. 

New  Hampshire.  c.  p.  g. 

I  am  afraid  you  will  have  to  go  to 
others  for  expert  advice.  We  have  had 
just  the  Experience  you  relate.  We  can 
raise  the  sunflowers  without  trouble,  but 
in  an  average  moist  Fall  the  heads  de¬ 
cay.  If  you  let  them  stand  too  long  the 
birds  will  get  most  of  the  seeds  or  shell 
them  out.  I  have  heard  of  one  man 
who  claimed  to  get  a  crop.  He  had  a 
very  dry  Fall,  let  the  heads  stand  until 
the  seeds  were  falling,  then  cut  and  put 
them  on  slatted  shelves  so  the  dry  air 
circulated  up  and  around  them.  I  have 
had  people  tell  me  they  expected  to  start 
farming  with  20  acres  of  sunflowers! 
In  theory  this  crop  ranks  with  mush¬ 
rooms,  ginseng  and  Belgian  hares,  but  I 
do  not  believe  it  is  suitable  for  our 
humid  sections.  The  place  for  sun¬ 
flower  seed  is  in  the  dry  or  arid  lands. 

At  this  season  of  the  year  many  kind- 
hearted  people  make  up  Christmas  bar¬ 
rels  for  destitute  strangers.  The  women 
of  our  church  made  up  such  a  barrel 
for  a  minister  in  Minnesota.  They  put 
in  clothing  and  shoes  and  all  sorts  of 
necessities,  and  it  hit  that  community 
like  Santa  Claus  in  staves.  I  am  sure 
it  was  a  fine  thing  to  do,  and  there  were 
tens  of  thousands  like  it.  It  is  hard  to 
think  that  fakes  and  frauds  work  into 
such  things  to  pick  the  pockets  of  Santa 
Claus,  but  such  rascals  are  everywhere. 
Last  year  some  women  in  a  New  Jersey 
church  worked  hard  at  one  of  these 
barrels  of  love  and  good  will  and  sent 
it-  to  a  Mrs.  Pruden  in  South  Carolina. 
This  party  claimed  to  have  a  mission 
school,  and  that  she  gave  clothing  to 
poor  people.  You  certainly  would  have 
put  her  down  as  a  white-winged  cousin 
of  Charity  at  least.  Those  church 
women  had  their  barrel  all  packed  and 
ready  when  the  whisper  came  that  this 
benevolent  creature  was  a  fraud.  We 
had  subscribers  in  the  region  named, 
and  I  asked  several  of  them  to  tell  us 
about  it.  The  following  is  a  fair  sample 
of  replies : 

In  answer  to  your  letter  asking  about 
this  person  and  her  supposed  mission 
school  at  this  place,  1  will  say  that  there 
Is  no  mission  school  located  here.  Tins 
woman  does  not  live  here,  but  somewhere 
In  North  Carolina.  She  came  here  ana 
stayed  a  few  months  and  ran  a  kind  or 
boarding  house.  1  understand  that  she  re¬ 
ceived  clothing  and  other  articles  from 
somewhere,  the  majority  of  which  she  sold, 
but  she  did  give  away  a  few  pieces.  There 
is  no  field  here  for  public  charity,  as  the 
people  are  prosperous  and  all  can  get  em¬ 
ployment.  B.  B.  M. 

Cow  pens,  S.  C. 

Now,  it  is  too  bad  that  we  are  com¬ 
pelled  to  think  of  such  things  at  Christ¬ 
mas,  but  there  are  fakers  mean  enough 
to  take  advantage  of  the  purest  senti¬ 
ment  if  they  see  a  chance  to  make  a 
dollar.  What  some  of  those  people  will 
do  to  make  a  dollar  is  past  belief.  Now 
there  are  thousands  of  deserving  poor 
people  who  at  this  Christmas  time  need 
the  food  and  clothing  and  money  that 
you  can  spare.  One  of  the  most  de¬ 
serving  forms  of  charity  is  that  con¬ 
ducted  by  the  Salvation  Army.  Money 
or  goods  sent  them  will  be  wisely  used 
and  blessed.  I  would  like  to  have  you 
write  to  Miss  Maud  E.  Booth,  Salvation 


Army,  New  York,  and  tell  her  what  you 
can  do. 

The  Ghost  Walks. — Speaking  of 
these  things  makes  me  think  that  last 
week  a  man  walked  in  upon  me  and 
handed  out  this  note : 

I  have  been  out  of  work  six  weeks,  bud 
now  I  am  nearly  starved  with  hunger. 
Will  you  please  help  me  out  with  enough 
to  get  a  meal.  I  have  not  been  in  bed 
for  two  night,  and  I  can  stand  it  no 
longer. 

I  worked  with  this  man  25  years  ago. 
It  was  like  a  ghost  walking  out  of  the 
past  to  see  him  standing  there  ragged, 
trembling  and  disreputable.  He  was  a 
drunkard — no  doubt  about  that — and  had 
reached  the  stage,  I  fear,  when  no  physi¬ 
cal  treatment  could  bring  him  back.  He 
always  was  a  drinker — a  bright  and 
capable  man,  but  with  a  will  as  weak  as 
sand.  Unless  such  men  can  mix  the 
cement  of  worthy  ambition  to  harden 
their  shifting  sand  they  are  lost.  I 
looked  at  this  poor  wretch  and  won¬ 
dered  what  I  should  do.  Money  would 
have  sent  him  to  a  saloon.  Food  would 
probably  send  him  out  to  get  some  sort 
of  a  job.  Perhaps. as  fair  a  plan  as  any 
was  to  take  him  out  to  a  restaurant 
where  they  give  a  full  meal  for  30  cents, 
hand  the  proprietor  40  cents  and  tell 
him  to  heap  up  the  plate.  It  is  a  fearful 
problem  to  know  what  to  do  with  old 
friends  or  associates  in  such  cases.  The 
Salvation  Army  can  handle  such  people 
far  better  than  you  or  I  can,  for  they 
know  the  nature  of  the  “bum”  and  the 
discouraged  man.  It  is  likely  that  we 
cannot  have  patience  with  them. 

Milk  Records. — During  the  month  of 
November  Mollie  gave  813  pounds.  This 
makes  a  total  of  6,413  pounds  since 
April  19.  She  gets  10  pounds  of  grain 
per  day,  which  means  $4.50  for  the 
month,  and  at  one  hour  per  day  for  care 
we  have  a  total  of  $10.50.  Her  milk  is 
worth  four  cents  a  pound,  or  $32.52. 
This  record  runs  as  follows  to  date: 

Net 

Earnings 


April  .  $7.70 

May  .  30.01 

June  .  29.91 

July  .  27.79 

August  .  18.92 

September  .  20.18 

October  . 21.43 

November  .  22.02 


Total . $178.32 


There  is  no  use  going  over  the  rea¬ 
sons  why  we  credit  this  milk  at  four 
cents  a  pound.  It  is  worth  that  to  us. 
At  a  cent  and  a  half  a  pound,  which 
many  farmers  receive  in  December,  this 
cow’s  milk  would  be  worth  $12.19.  Fig¬ 
ure  that  she  eats  the  equivalent  of  15 
pounds  of  good  hay  per  day,  or  450 
pounds  for  the  month.  Then  add  a 
fair  rate  of  interest  on  values,  taxes, 
etc.,  and  the  owner  would  have  to  work 
for  nothing  in  order  to  show  much,  if 
any,  profit.  The  roughage  does  not  cost 
us  much.  It  is  sweet  corn  stalks,  with 
the  ears  picked  off,  and  mangels.  We 
are  feeding  these  roots  out  early.  Bet¬ 
ter  get  rid  of  them  before  they  freeze 
badly.  The  cow  is  very  fond  of  them 
and  they  keep  up  her  yield.  Thus  the 
actual  cost  of  this  milk  is  low,  yet  if 
we  had  six  cows  it  would  run  up  close 
to  or  beyond  the  limit  of  profit.  If  we 
bad  more  Alfalfa  or  oats  and  peas  we 
could  cut  that  grain  cost  down.  As  it 
is,  1  do  not  know  how  to  figure  the  cost 
of  the  stalks  which  will  make  nearly 
half  this  cow’s  food  for  the  Winter. 
She  is  holding  out  better  than  we  ex¬ 
pected.  Grain  prices  are  high  this  year 
and  our  sweep  mill  will  come  in  handy. 
We  have  quite  a  supply  of  rye  on  hand 
and  I  shall  grind  it  with  corn  and  oats 
for  general  stock  feed.  Every  year  there 
are  many  questions  about  feeding  rye. 
Some  people  seem  to  be  afraid  of  the 


grain,  having  been  told  that  it  will 
“poison”  stock.  We  have  fed  hundreds 
of  bushels.  Most  stock  do  not  like  this 
grain.  There  is  a  peculiar  taste  to  it, 
and  it  makes  a  sort  of  paste  in  the 
mouth.  It  has  good  feeding  value,  how¬ 
ever,  and  when  mixed  in  the  corn  and 
oats  it  will  all  be  eaten.  We  shall  grind 
equal  parts  of  rye,  oats  and  corn  as  a 
sort  of  basic  ration  for  the  stock.  Then 
by  adding  wheat  bran  or  linseed  meal  as 
needed  we  can  fit  about  any  case.  Every 
time  the  grain  proposition  comes  up  we 
think  of  Alfalfa.  I  am  sure  that  an 
acre  of  good  Alfalfa  will  produce  the 
feed  equivalent  of  four  tons  of  wheat 
bran.  The  time  is  coming  when  a  stock 
man  can  hardly  afford  to  keep  cattle 
unless  he  has  a  good  supply  of  Alfalfa. 

Advertising: — You  will  remember  that 
on  page  1149  there  was  printed  a  sam¬ 
ple  advertisement  of  apples.  This  was 
printed  merely  to  show  how  such  things 
are  done.  We  purposely  left  off  the  ad¬ 
dress.  Yet  in  spite  of  all  people  have 
written  asking  for  apples,  one  man  send¬ 
ing  the  money!  This  is  further  evidence 
of  the  way  things  are  moving.  No  use 
talking,  there  are  thousands  of  people 
who  want  to  do  a  direct  business  with 
producers.  If  they  can  get  sound  and 
uniform  goods  they  will  gladly  pay  the 
price.  Our  little  advertising  in  the  local 
paper  has  been  very  successful.  We 
have  sold  apples,  turnips  and  cabbage, 
and  now  we  begin  on  rye  straw  in  bun¬ 
dles.  The  fact  is,  few  fanners  realize 
what  a  market  there  may  often  be 
found  within  a  few  miles  of  their  farm. 
I  would  work  this  market  for  all  it  is 
worth  before  branching  out  to  ship 
goods  away. _ *  H.  w.  c. 

Lime  on  Old  Land. 

A.  Af.  Y.,  Xorth  Carolina. — Would  you 
advise  the  application  of  pure  slaked  lime 
as  a  fertilizer  for  corn  and  potatoes,  to 
be  applied  during  the  Winter  or  early 
Spring?  There  is  a  moderate  growth  of 
vegetable  matter  on  the  land  this  Fall, 
having  been  planted  to  corn  last  season. 

Ans. — We  would  not  use  the  lime  on 
potato  ground.  That  would  increase 
the  amount  of  scab  on  the  crop.  Corn 
does  not  respond  to  lime  as  other  grain 
does.  It  would  be  better  to  use  the 
lime  on  clover,  grass  or  small  grain  or 
when  planting  cabbage  or  truck.  Gen¬ 
erally  speaking,  the  place  for  lime  in  a 
rotation  is  at  grass  seeding.  You  thus 
get  the  desired  effect  upon  the  soil  and 
increase  the  amount  of  humus  or  vege¬ 
table  matter.  If  you  plan  to  use  lime 
do  not  fail  to  understand  its  real  func¬ 
tion.  It  does  not,  on  most  soils,  supply 
plant  food  which  the  crops  need.  Its 
action  is  to  fit  the  soil  so  it  can  give  up 
its  plant  food  more  rapidly.  Thus  you 
will  see  that  while,  for  a  time,  lime  may 
increase  the  crops,  it  does  so  at  the  soil’s 
expense,  and  sooner  or  later  you  must 
use  fertilizers  or  manure  to  supply  what 
is  taken  away. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  got  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


SCOTT’S 

EMULSION 


is  the  near-nature  treatment 
for  Consumption. 

The  power  it  creates, 
its  purity  and  whole¬ 
someness  are  Nature’s 
greatest  aid  in  over¬ 
coming  disease. 

ALL  DRUGGISTS 

11-52 


IT  IS  STRICTLY  SANITARY 


And  EASY  TO  KEEP  SO 


No  Frills  but  Business  is  the  aim 
of  The  Parsons  “Low-Down” 

MILK  WAGON 

Write  for  Catalog  “D” 

THE  PARSONS  WAGON  COMPANY 
Dairy  Dept.  EARLVILLE,  N.  Y. 


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1197 


Ruralisms 


Hickory  and  Chestnut  Borers. 

D.  E.  It.,  Buffern,  N.  Y. — Looking  over 
The  It.  N.-Y.,  I  came  acx-oss  the  warning 
regarding  the  Hickory  bark-borer.  I  have 
found  the  same  disease  in  the  bark  of 
chestnut  trees.  Do  these  Chestnut  tree- 
borers,  after  the  beetles  emerge,  go  over 
to  the  hickory  and  lay  their  eggs  in  the 
hickory  bark,  causing,  as  Dr.  E.  P.  Felt 
says,  its  destruction  ? 

Ans. — The  Chestnut  borer  and  the 
Hickory  bark-borer  are  very  different 
insects.  The  Hickory  bark-borer  is  not 
known  to  work  on  the  chestnut  nor  does 
the  Chestnut  borer  work  on  the  hickory. 
I  think  you  found  some  chestnuts  af¬ 
fected  with  the  “bark  disease,”  in  the 
decayed  areas  of  which  there  often 
occur  larvae  of  beetles  that  work  in 
dead  wood.  These  would  not  prove  a 
menace  to  the  hickory. 

GLENN  W.  HERRICK. 

Persian  Walnut  in  Virginia. 

IF.  R.  B.,  Fishcrsville,  Pa. — I  was  very 
much  interested  in  inquiry  by  II.  S., 
“Trouble  with  English  Walnuts,”  and  Mr. 
Woodward's  reply.  We  would  like  to  know 
more  about  this  valuable  nut.  What  are 
the  best  conditions  of  rainfall,  soil  and 
climate,  for  success  with  it?  It  seems  that 
they  are  successful  even  as  far  north  as 
New  York  and  Ontario,  but  I  know  of 
many  trees  that  have  not  borne  profitable 
crops.  Two  20-year-old  trees  in  the  ther¬ 
mal  belt  of  North  Carolina,  where  they 
never  have  frost,  bear  some  every  year,  but 
not  enough  to  be  profitable.  One  tree 
near  here,  15  years  old,  has  borne  1% 
bushel  one  year,  which  the  owner  thought 
was  doing  well.  We  at  least  would  not 
care  to  wait  so  long  for  a  profitable  crop. 
Can  they  be  made  profitable  commercially  in 
the  Eastern  States?  There  seems  no  doubt 
but  that  there  will  be  an  increased  demand 
for  nuts  of  all  kinds.  Would  it  not  be 
helpful  to  have  a  full  discussion  by  growers' 
who  have  failed,  those  who  have  succeeded, 
also  by  scientific  men  and  experts?  What 
conditions  of  rainfall,  soil  and  climate  ob¬ 
tains  in  Europe,  California,  Oregon  or  other 
places  where  their  culture  is  successful? 

Ans. — There  is  greatly  increased  and 
constantly  increasing  interest  in  the  cul¬ 
ture  of  the  Persian  (English)  walnut  in 
the  Eastern  States,  and  very  wisely  so. 
Nearly  all  the  attempts  to  grow  this 
valuable  tree  for  the  years  proceding 
the  last  decade  or  two  have  been  with 
chance  seedlings  and  often  of  European 
strains  that  have  proved  to  be  tender  in 
tree  and  often  lacking  in  productive¬ 
ness.  And  many  of  these  trees  stand 
alone  and  their  female  flowers  do  not 
have  the  benefit  of  the  pollen  from 
other  trees  of  the  same  species,  which  is 
often  necessary,  because  their  own 
male  flowers  in  many  cases  bloom  too 
early  or  too  late  to  be  effective.  Seed¬ 
lings  are  uncertain  in  all  these  respects 
and  it  is  only  by  planting  grafted  trees 
of  varieties  known  to  be  self-pollinating 
and  productive  that  definite  results  can 
be  obtained.  Some  strains  of  seedlings 
are  fairly  satisfactory,  but  trees  grafted 
on  our  native  walnut  stocks  are  far  the 
best.  And  it  is  a  most  fortunate  thing 
that  these  stocks  are  suitable,  for  they 
are  cheaply  and  easily  grown,  and  skill¬ 
ful  methods  of  propagation  have  been 
learned  by  a  few  nurserymen  who  have 
succeeded  in  producing  trees,  although 
at  considerable  cost,  because  of  the  dif¬ 
ficulty  in  getting  the  grafts  to  fake.  I 
have  been  through  all  these  troubles, 
and  have  finally  succeeded  in  growing 
as  fine  grafted  walnut  trees  as  anyone 
would  want.  Some  have  grown  from 
six  to  10  feet  high  this  year  from  grafts 
set  last  Spring  at  the  ground,  and  the 
wood  is  well  ripened  and  more  than  an 
inch  in  diameter. 

The  varieties  best  suited  to  eastern 
conditions  have  not  been  fully  deter¬ 
mined  by  experiment,  but  enough  is 
known  to  warrant  moderate  planting 
with  good  prospects  of  success.  The 
fact  that  a  tree  or  a  few  trees  here  and 
there  have  not  proved  satisfactory,  es¬ 
pecially  if  they  are  seedlings,  is  not  by 
any  means  good  evidence  that  proper 
trees  under  proper  conditions  will  not 
succeed,  and  it  has  been  well  demon¬ 
strated  in  several  cases  that  the  best 
varieties  of  the  walnut  will  succeed 
where  others  have  failed.  This  is  par¬ 
ticularly  true  of  the  Atlantic  States. 
The  varieties  most  worthy  of  planting 
are  the  Mayette,  Franquette,  and 
Wiltz,  the  latter  being  a  new  seedling 
of  the  Mayette  that  has  made  a  very 
fine  record.  The  other  two  are  the  best 
of  the  French  varieties.  The  trees 
should  be  planted  on  rich  and  well- 
drained  land.  On  poor  or  wet  soil  they 
will  not  flourish  if  they  live  at  all. 
Trees  of  the  really  good  varieties  will 
bear  at  from  four  to  six  years  from 
planting.  They  should  never  be  set 
nearer  than  SO  feet  apart,  for  they  grow 
rapidly  and  very  large  in  good  soil  and 
live  to  very  old  age.  h.  e.  van  deman. 


GARDEN  AND  GREENHOUSE. 

California  Peach  Seeds. 

There  Is  not  to  our  knowledge  any  great 
trade  in  California  peach  seed,  althougn 
it  is  sold  quite  extensively  in  the  Pacific 
Coast  States,  and  in  eases  of  a  failure  in 
Tennessee  and  Virginia  sold  to  some  extent 
in  the  East.  We  do  not  know  of  any  spe¬ 
cial  virtues,  except  that  California  peacu 
seed  is  free  from  yellows  and  other  diseases 
to  which  tlie  trees  are  subject  in  the  East. 
We  do  not  believe  that  the  cannery  pits  am 
the  best;  in  fact,  we  do  not  plant  them 
ourselves  at  all,  so  do  not  handle  them.  We 
usually  handle  seeds  from  the  dry  yards, 
and  in  the  northern  section  of  the  State 
there  are  a  good  many  seedling  orchards. 
This  seed  is  in  our  opinion  the  best  for 
nursery  planting.  chico  nursery  co. 

California. 

Utah  Cantaloupes. 

So  far  as  flavor  and  size  is  concerned 
there  is  no  cantaloupe  grown  that  is  su¬ 
perior  to  the  Elgin,  Utah,  strain.  Our  can¬ 
taloupes  have  outsold  the  Rocky  Ford  in  all 
markets  where  they  have  come  in  compe¬ 
tition,  and  in  fact  have  sold  second  to  none 
wherever  offered.  We  raise  the  Rust  Re¬ 
sisting  Pollock  and  Early  Waterous  strain, 
which  I  believe  is  the  same  kind  as  grown 
mostly  at  Rocky  Ford.  We  irrigate  exclu¬ 
sively.  as  it  is  unusual  for  us  to  have  any 
rain  during  the  growing  season,  and  this, 
together  with  our  unexcelled  climate,  gives 
us  a  very  fine-flavored  melon.  We  have  two 
different  kinds  of  soil,  what  is  known  as 
bottom  land  and  also  bench  land.  The 
bottom  land  being  the  more  fertile,  as  a 
usual  thing,  has  more  melons  to  the  acre, 
while  the  bench  land  produces  a  better 
netted  melon  and  is  usually  more  sound. 
Our  cantaloupe  season  lasts  from  the  latter 
part  of  July  until  about  the  middle  of 
October.  We  shipped  the  last  melons  on 
October  17,  this  year,  and  there  were  a 
few  melons  shipped  about  the  first  of  No¬ 
vember  last  year.  The  average  price  re¬ 
ceived  this  season  was  70  cents  per  crate, 
standard  crate,  while  the  Jumbo  would  do  a 
little  better.  The  fact  that  our  melon  is 
used  exclusively  by  the  D.  &  R.  G.  dining 
service  at  from  50  cents  to  $1  more  per 
crate  than  other  Utah  and  Colorado  melons, 
is  conclusive  evidence  that  we  have  the 
right  kind  of  fruit.  j.  w.  hammond. 

Utah. 

'Forcing  Lettuce. 

The  kind  of  lettuce  plants  I  grow  are 
the  Grand  Rapids,  and  are  for  Winter 
forcing  in  greenhouses,  not  to  be  carried 
over  in  cold  frames.  Lettuce  seed  for  Fall 
growing  outside  should  be  sown  about  the 
lirst  or  middle  of  August,  while  for  hot¬ 
beds  or  cold  frames  the  latter  part  or 
August  and  first  of  September  is  plenty 
early.  For  greenhouse  forcing  seed  should 
be  sown  any  time  after  September  1  or  for 
extra  early  about  August)  15  will  do.  When 
the  plants  are  large  enough  they  should  be 
transplanted  in  hotbeds,  frames  or  green¬ 
houses,  about  six  inches  each  way  in  a 
rich,  well  mulched  soil.  Early  lettuce 
should  be  carefully  watched  for  the  green 
measuring  worm,  which  attacks-  it,  and 
may  be  found  on  the  underside  of  the  leaf ; 
often  an  entire  crop  is  destroyed  by  these 
pests.  What  we  consider  the  best  all-around 
variety  is  Grand  Rapids;  it  forces  well, 
often  single  head  weighing  from  one  to  two 
pounds,  and  is  fine  for  Summer  growing 
outside.  Some  prefer  the  Big  Boston  or 
other  large-leaved  sorts,  but  we  find  them 
rather  coarse,  and  they  do  not  present  as 
attractive  appearance  as  the  Grand  Rapids, 
and  do  not  sell  as  well. 

Ohio.  MRS.  E.  J.  CLARY. 


More  Feed  Per  Acre 

The  cost  of  producing  meat  or  milk  would  be  much 
less  if  it  required  less  acres  to  produce  the  feed. 

Both  the  quantity  and  quality  of  the  feed  improve 
when  the  right  plant  foods  are  used  to  supplement  the 
manure  and  clover.  They  improve  enough  to  yield  a 
handsome  profit  on  the  expenditure. 

The  right  plant  food  includes  enough 


POTASH 

in  available  form.  Supplement  the  manure  and  phosphate 
with  50  to  loo  pounds  of  Muriate  of  Potash,  or  200  to  400 
pounds  of  Kainit,  per  acre,  and  you  will  raise  big  corn  and 
fine  clover  after  the  grain  and  at  the  same  time  improve 
the  fertility  of  the  soil. 

Try  Potash  salts  alone  on  the  swamp  land  pasture  and 
note  the  clover  and  good  grasses  crowd  out  the  wild  hay. 
Write  us  for  prices  of  Potash,  one  bag  up. 

GERMAN  KALI  WORKS.  Inc. 

Continental  Building,  Baltimore  Monadnock  Block,  Chicago 

Whitney  Central  Bank  Building,  New  Orleans 


The  greatest  improvements 

ever  made  in  spray-pump 
construction  are  described 
in  our  new  1912  catalog  of 

BEAN  SPRAYERS 


Duplex  Power  Sprayer 

High-pressure,  large  capacity,  light  weight,  low  center 
of  gravity.  The  greatest  value  ever  offered  in  a  power 
sprayer.  Full  specifications  in  our  new  catalog. 
Write  for  it. 

THE  BEAN  SPRAY  PUMP  CO. 

109  Front  Street  Berea,  Ohio  • 

Western  Factory:  San  Jose,  Cal. 


Non-corrosive,  porcelain-lined  cylinders,  inde¬ 
structible  ball-valveswith  removable  and  revers¬ 
ible  seats.  High-pressure,  high-power  engines 
and  putnps,  automatic  pressure-regulator,  etc. 

A  complete  line  of  economical  high-pressure 
Hand,  Platform  and  Barrel  Pumps,  Power 
Sprayers,  Nozzles,  Accessories,  etc. 

Write  for  your  copy  today 


Don’t  Overlook  the  Importance  ot  the  Insecticide  You  Use 

If  your  selection  is  right,  your  spraying  will  get  results — it  will  pay.  Start  right.  Select  a  brand  you  can  depend 
upon — one  that  quickly  kills  chewing  insects,  such  as  the  curculio,  moths,  borers,  beetles,  root-worms, 
canker-worms,  potato  bugs,  etc. 

ARSENATE  OF 

HIGH  QUALITY.  LOW  COST. 

Is  so  convenient,  so  effective,  that  once  you  use  it  you  will  continue.  Always  uniform;  mixes  easily;  remains 
in  suspension  a  long  time;  acts  quickly;  sticks  like  paint  to  plants;  does  not  injure  foliage  or  fruit. 
Paste  form  in  any  amount  from  one  pound  can  to  600  pound  barrel;  Powder  Form  from  one  pound  can  to  1 00  pound 
lceg.  Always  shipped  in  Hard  Wood  or  Steel  Containers.  Absolutely  superior  to  any  other  Arsenate  of  Lead 
and  costs  less.  Accept  no  substitute.  Write  us  for  circulars  and  special  prices.  Agents  and  wholesale  distributors  wanted. 

INTERSTATE  CHEMICAL  CO.,  20  Bayview  Ave.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 


FUMA 


HPIIII  A  kills  Prairie  Pegs, 
m  ™  m  Woodchucks,  Gophers, 

a  n  d  G  rain  Insects. 
“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

*with  “Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  are  doing. 

EDWARD  K.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. 

Bigger  Fruit  Profils 

Here  is  a  spray  pump  invented 
by  fruit  growers.  It  was  our 
endeavor  to  secure  the  best 
spray  pump  to  use  on  our 
300  acre  fruit  farm  that 
produced  the 

ECLIPSE 

SPRAY  PUMP 

It  overcomes  every  defect  found 
In  other  makes — it  has  proved  It¬ 
self  best  in  actual  work.  Put  an 
Eclipse  to  work  on  your  trees  and 
earn  bigger  profits.  Write  for  our 
fully  Illustrated  catalogue.  It  tells 
why  you  should  spray— and  why 
you  should  do  it  with  an  Eclipse. 
It’sfree.  Write  to-day.  t 

MORRILL  A  MORLEY  MFC.  CO.,  Benton  Harbor,  Mich. 


LET  US  REFER  YOU  TO  A 
DEYO  USER  NEAR  YOU 


A/TOST  of  our  sales  of  DEYO  POWER 
SPRAYERS  are  made  by  our  cus¬ 
tomers.  Our  guarantee  is  to  replace  any 
part  which  wears  out  or  is  broken  within 
one  year,  no  matter  what  it  is  or  how  it 
happens. 

Write  to-day  for  Bulletin  4-C 

DEYO-MACEY  ENGINE  CO. 

BINGHAMTON,  N.  Y. 


BUY  LIME  NOW! 

Hydrated  Lime  in  paper  sacks,  car  lots,  for  $7.50 
per  ton.  Lime  Screenings  in  bulk,  from  best  grade 
of  burnt  lime,  $5.00  per  ton,  f.  o.  b.  cars  any  point 
between  Buffalo  ami  Now  York  on  the  main  lines 
of  the  N.  Y.  Central,  Erie,  D.,  L.  &  W.,  Penna., 
Lehigh,  N.  Y.,  O.  &  W.,  and  C.  It.  R.  of  N.  J. 
Special  price  on  ground  Land  Lime  made  on  appli¬ 
cation.  Order  early  before  the  great  demand  sets 
in  and  delays  shipments. 

Address  J.  W.  Ballard  Co.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


San  Jose  Scale  Killer 

KIL-O-SCALE  is  the  most  reliable  rem¬ 
edy  for  Scale.  Ready  for  use  by  simply 
mixing  with  water.  Also  Lime,  Sulphur 
and  Spraying  Outfits.  Write  for  cata¬ 
logue. 

Henry  A.  Dreer,  Philadelphia, Pa. 


GREAT  CROP  RESULTS 

from  tho  use  of  Martin's  Animal  Bone  and  Tankage 
Fertilizers  force  us  to  operato  a  third  factory;  total 
capacity,  200,000  tons.  Seven  large  abattoirs  and 
stockyards  furnish  tho  bulk  of  our  raw  materials. 
Agents  and  farmers  constantly  assure  ns  that  our 
fertilizers  give  tho  best  results  of  any  ever  tested 
and  that  they  sell  more  than  of  any  ever  handled. 
Agents  and  farmers  wanting  strictly  independent 
animal  mattor  fertilizers,  with  exclusive  selling 
territory,  should  arrange  with  us  NOW. 

D.  B,  MARTIN  GO.  building  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE- 


.  .  .  MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY  .  ,  . 

‘The  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 


Middletown,  Conn. 

Send  for  freo  Almanac  telling 
Huobard’s  “Bone  Base”  Fertfli 


all  about 
zers. 


1108 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


December  16 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER’S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes 

Established  i8C0 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 

Herbert  W.  Collisgwood,  President  and  Editor. 

John  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wit.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mrs.  E.  T.  Royle,  Associate  Editor. 


SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 
To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  82.04,  equal  to  8s.  6d.,  or 

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order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

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References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  us  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  arespon 
Bible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  bo  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  trifling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses,  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

That  first-page  article  this  week  is  the  real  thing  in 
“back-to-the-land”  literature.  It  is  worth  an  entire 
library  of  the  sort  of  advice  so  frequently  poured  out 
upon  the  public.  Here  are  the  facts  clearly  stated 
without  any  effort  to  make  them  tell  a  great  success 
or  a  failure.  With  the  exception  of  capital  this  young 
man  had  strong  advantages.  Raised  as  a  farmer  and 
with  a  farmer’s  daughter  for  a  wife,  with  a  college 
education,  health  and  ambition  and  liberal  terms  he 
had  a  good  start.  And  yet,  even  with  these  advan¬ 
tages  he  had  a  struggle  that  would  test  anyone.  We 
want  the  city  people  who  think  of  trying  farming  to 
realize  fully  what  their  new  life  means.  They  may 
not  think  so,  but  plain  articles  of  this  sort  are  just 
what  they  need. 

* 

The  New  York  State  Grange  will  meet  at  Auburn 
February  6-9.  This  will  be  one  of  the  most  impor¬ 
tant  meetings  in  the  Grange  history  of  New  York. 
Following  the  battle  at  the  National  Grange  in  Co¬ 
lumbus,  New  York  must  decide  what  the  Grange  in 
this  State  is  to  stand  for.  The  election  of  officers  will 
put  New  York  on  record  as  to  a  general  policy.  It 
must  be  broad,  fearless  and  progressive,  or  narrow, 
restricted  and  cowardly.  There  can  be  no  middle 
course  in  the  State  Grange  at  this  time.  New  York 
is  the  most  important  State  so  far  as  Grange  influ¬ 
ence  goes.  There  are  many  questions  at  stake  which 
demand  strong  backing  from  New  York  farmers,  and 
the  Grange  must  represent  them  fearlessly  and  with¬ 
out  any  string  tied  to  it  in  any  way.  We  urge  upon 
the  patrons  the  necessity  of  sending  as  delegates  the 
strongest  members  they  can  find.  Send  men  who  will 
stand  for  principle  and  not  for  individual  opinions, 
and  let  them  put  fresh  and  new  blood  into  the  order. 

* 

The  Long  Island  Agronomist  tells  how  many  Long 
Island  products  were  collected  for  exhibition  at  the 
recent  land  show.  It  seems  that  some  of  these  exhibits 
were  rejected.  For  instance: 

Neighbor  Child’s  superb  exhibit  was  refused  flatly,  be¬ 
cause  he  bad  purchased  a  Burbank  “creation”  aud  offered 
it  for  sale.  To  the  bumble  citizen  this  would  appear  to 
be  an  assault  on  the  wrong  party. 

This  evidently  refers  to  John  Lewis  Childs  and  our 
old  friend  the  Wonderberry.  Whoever  decided  “flatly” 
that  the  Wonderberry  episode  put  Mr.  Childs  out  of 
polite  horticultural  society  did  a  good  job.  Under  the 
circumstances  the  effort  to  boom  the  Wonderberry 
the  year  after  its  introduction  was  about  the  most 
brazenly  foolish  bluff  ever  attempted  by  a  seedsman. 
We  realize  that  is  a  large  statement,  but  the  public 
reception  of  this  bluff  proves  it.  The  American  people 
are  not  fools.  They  buried  Mr.  Childs’  Wonderberry 
bluff  and  stamped  on  the  grave.  And  now  its  ghost 
comes  back  to  drive  a  “superb  exhibit”  out  of  the 
exposition!  Well,  sir,  the  truth  is  marching  on.  As 
for  the  “other  party” — give  him  a  long  rest.  He  de¬ 
serves  it. 

Last  Winter  Congress  appropriated  $20,000  for  pot¬ 
ash  hunting  and  added  $12,500  for  the  Bureau  of 
Soils.  The  Geological  Survey  was  instructed  to 
search  out  the  places  where  potash  deposits  would 
most  likely  be  found.  As  a  result,  a  hole  is  being 
drilled  near  Fallon,  Nev.,  where  the  indications  point 
to  a  formation  somewhat  like  that  at  the  German 
potash  mines.  A  12-inch  hole  had  already  been  opened 
319  feet  by  November  18,  and  the  intention  is  to  sink 
it  1,000  feet  at  least.  While  no  potash  had  yet  been 
reached,  the  indications  were  hopeful.  This  is  good 
work.  We  have  for  years  urged  it  on,  for  if  there 


are  potash  deposits  in  this  country  our  farmers 
should  have  the  benefit  of  the  competition  which 
its  sale  would  bring  about.  In  his  annual  report  Sec¬ 
retary  of  Agriculture  Wilson  mentions  the  great 
growth  of  kelp  or  seaweed  on  the  Pacific  coast.  Some 
of  the  “groves”  of  this  marine  growth  cover  miles  in 
extent.  The  Agricultural  Department  has  mapped  out 
100  square  miles  of  this  kelp  and  estimated  that  it 
would  yield  1,000,000  tons  of  muriate  of  potash  an¬ 
nually.  In  addition  to  the  potash,  iodine  would  be 
obtained.  Here,  then,  is  business  for  the  Department. 
Let  it  find  how  to  utilize  this  kelp. 

* 

According  to  a  cable  dispatch  from  England  Postmaster 
General  Samuel  announces  that,  as  a  result  of  negotiations 
with  the  United  States  postal  authorities,  the  rates  for 
parcels  from  the  United  Kingdom  to  the  United  States 
will  be  reduced  on  December  1  as  follows : 


Up  to  three  pounds  . $0  30 

Up  to  seven  pounds  . 54 

Up  to  nine  pounds  . 78 

Up  to  eleven  pounds  .  1.0? 


The  existing  rates  are  36,  60,  84  and  108  cents,  respec¬ 
tively. 

This  is  cheering.  An  Englishman  can  send  one 
package  of  11  pounds  of  Christmas  gifts  to  a  friend 
6,000  or  7,000  miles  away  for  $1.02.  In  the  meantime 
the  man  in  New  York  who  wishes  to  send  the  same 
weight  to  a  friend  in  Philadelphia  will  make  it  into 
three  or  more  packages  and  pay  $1.76  for  the  privilege. 
For  years  just  such  facts  have  been  piled  up  before 
the  Washington  authorities,  yet  nothing  has  been 
done.  The  express  companies  have  been  able  thus  far 
to  bold  off  the  people.  Hardware  merchants  and 
country  storekeepers  have  done  most  of  the  fighting, 
while  the  express  companies  got  most  of  the  graft. 
We  believe  that  the  next  Congress  can  be  forced  to 
act.  It  is  a  matter  of  making  the  members  understand 
that  we  mean  business.  Get  after  them  at  once  and 
hang  on. 

* 

A  number  of  readers  have  asked  about  the  “Foote 
Soil  Testing  Outfit”  widely  advertised  in  some  of 
the  farm  papers.  For  $10  you  could  buy  an  outfit  with 
which  you  could  tell  the  plant  food  needs  of  your  soil. 
Our  advice  has  been  to  keep  the  $10,  or  if  you  are 
determined  to  spend  it,  to  buy  a  new  dress  for  the 
wife.  Chemists  with  $10,000  laboratories  would  not 
promise  to  do  what  it  is  claimed  air  ordinary  farmer 
can  do  with  this  outfit.  To  give  a  little  color  to  their 
story  the  promoters  included  a  copy  of  “The  Story 
of  the  Soil,”  by  Dr.  Hopkins,  of  Illinois.  The  Illinois 
station  ordered  the  outfit  and  tested  it.  Thus  we 
have  the  following : 

A  thorough  investigation  of  this  outfit  clearly  reveals 
the  fact  that  it  is  absolutely  worthless.  The  so-called  di¬ 
rections  for  testing  soil  not  only  give  no  valuable  infor¬ 
mation,  but  they  are  absurd  and  senseless.  The  farmer 
who  pays  $10  for  the  outfit  and  attempts  to  use  it  will 
have  thrown  away  both  his  time  and  money.  I  make  this 
statement  because  my  name  is  being  used  in  a  way  to  mis¬ 
lead.  CYRIL  G.  HOPKINS. 

You  might  call  that  putting  your  foot  on  it.  This 
is  good  work,  and  Dr.  Hopkins  does  well  to  get  right 
out  early  with  this  statement.  Few  things  will  do 
more  to  discredit  station  work  than  to  let  the  public 
believe  that  the  scientists  are  tying  themselves  up  to 
commercial  enterprises. 

* 

The  article  on  “High  Farming  and  Low  Prices. ”  etc.,  on 
page  1158,  should  be  copied  by  the  daily  papers  all  over 
the  country.  It  hits  the  nail  squarely  on  the  head.  It  is 
worth  a  year’s  subscription  alone.  h.  n.  t. 

Chester  Co.,  Pa. 

This  editorial  pointed  out  the  foolishness  o£ 

doubling  our  food  crops  with  the  present  system  of 
distribution.  It  is  doubtful  if  half  a  dozen  daily 
papers  in  the  country  would  ever  print  such  matter. 
What  do  they  care  about  the  condition  of  our  farm¬ 
ers?  The  great  majority  of  them  are  controlled 

directly  or  through  suggestion  by  the  railroads  or 
large  monied  interests.  This  control  may  come 
through  direct  ownership  or  through  advertising.  At 
any  rate,  they  will  dodge  any  definite  or  direct  sug¬ 
gestion  for  taking  five  cents  of  the  consumer’s  dollar 
away  from  the  transportation  companies  and  giving 
it  to  the  farmers.  They  may  talk  in  a  general  way 
about  the  injustice  of  wealth  distribution  and  work 
themselves  up  to  a  counterfeit  rage  over  some  old 

scarecrow  issue,  hut  there  they  stop.  Of  course,  the 

railroads  and  their  kindred  interests  want  two  kernels 
of  corn  where  one  grew  before.  The  difference  in 
price  of  a  bushel  of  corn  between  Chicago  and  New 
York  is  about  12  cents.  This  represents  the  cost  of 
hauling  and  handling  it.  The  difference  is  the  same 
for  30-cent  corn  as  for  75-cent.  Yet  the  cost  of  food 
to  the  actual  consumer  does  not  fall  proportionately 
when  the  farmer  must  almost  give  his  corn  away. 
We  cannot  understand  why  our  scientific  men  and 
agricultural  teachers  are  all  so  concerned  about 
doubling  our  crops.  They  often  compare  the  farmer’s 
business  management  with  that  of  the  big  corporations 


— to  the  ridicule  of  the  former.  Are  they  incapable  of 
seeing  that  the  foundation  of  this  corporate  success 
lies  in  limiting  output  to  demand  so  as  to  maintain 
prices?  Yet  they  advise  farmers  to  double  their  crops 
and  still  follow  the  business  methods  of  the  trusts ! 
The  average  agricultural  scientist  would'  almost  as 
soon  really  antagonize  the  strong  manufacturing  or 
commercial  interests  as  he  would  walk  into  a  bear 
trap.  We  are  going  to  try  to  find  out  why,  for  we 
think  the  reason  will  explain  a  whole  lot  of  things. 

* 

Mr  Clapp,  on  page  1195,  starts  a  good  discussion 
about  that  storage  house.  We  cannot  do  better  than 
to  all  get  together  and  help  work  out  a  plan.  The 
trouble  with  many  of  us  is  that  the  life  of  our  crops 
is  too  short.  If  grain  does  not  bring  what  it  should 
and  we  do  not  need  the  money  we  can  hold  it  until 
the  market  is  better.  Not  so  with  milk  or  fruit  or 
potatoes,  and  many  other  things.  Unless  we  have 
good  storage  we  must  throw  our  crops  into  market 
when  everyone  else  does  the  same.  Of  course  this 
makes  a  glut  and  prices  fall.  In  many  cases  this 
does  not  help  consumers.  The  dealers  may  get  con¬ 
trol  of  our  produce,  put  it  in  storage  and  hold  it  at 
the  same  time  they  hold  up  the  consumers.  One 
remedy  is  for  us  to  hold  our  crops  on  the  farm  if 
there  is  to  be  any  holding  at  all.  We  cannot  hope  to 
compete  with  the  regular  cold  storage  houses,  but  we 
can  give  most  of  our  crops  more  life  in  a  home¬ 
made  storage.  Therefore  we  want  to  know  how  to 
make  one,  and  our  people  are  the  best  teachers 
through  their  experiences. 

* 

In  his  annual  report  Secretary  of  Agriculture 
Wilson  gives  considerable  space  to  the  “Economic 
Results  of  Cold  Storage,”  expressing  the  opinion  that 
most  evils  resulting  from  the  speculative  abuse  of 
storage  could  be  corrected  by  publicity.  For  several 
years  The  R.»N.-Y.  has  believed  and  repeatedly  said 
that  the  only  effective  way  to  regulate  storage  is  to 
compel  the  making  of  frequent  reports  of  the  quantity 
of  various  products  so  held.  Remove  secrecy  as  to 
the  quantity  of  a  food  product  available,  and  the 
market  speedily  adjusts  itself  on  the  basis  of  actual 
supply  and  demand.  Of  course,  this  idea  is  not  popular 
with  speculators,  as  it  would  ruin  their  business,  hut 
which  is  of  more  account,  the  welfare  of  the  great 
body  of  producers  and  consumers,  or  the  pampering 
and  “mil lionizing”  of  a  lot  of  middlemen?  Some 
time  ago  a  Congressman  prepared  a  radical  bill  pro¬ 
viding  for  compulsory  publicity  of  the  quantity  of 
various  perishables  held  in  storage,  but  the  bill  was 
quickly  put  into  permanent  storage.  The  meat  packers 
were  then  too  powerful  a  force  for  the  average  poli¬ 
tician  to  oppose.  Nov/  that  they  are  facing  con¬ 
spiracy  trials  and  their  influence  somewhat  nil,  ware¬ 
house  publicity  may  become  a  fashionable  slogan.  The 
idea  cannot  be  molded  into  law  too  soon,  and  grain 
storage  might  well  be  included,  thus  doing  away  with 
corners  in  another  essential  of  both  human  and  live¬ 
stock  food. 


BREVITIES. 

New  Zealand  has  nearly  24  sheep  for  each  Inhabitant. 

Certainly  ;  the  kicker  may  be  said  to  deal  out  missile- 
toe. 

When  the  nail  is  pointed  wrong— do  not  hit  it  on  tha 
head ! 

Sales  of  sand  and  gravel  for  building  purposes  in  this 
country  for  1910  amounted  to  $21,037,630. 

In  1910  the  people  of  New  Zealand  consumed  7.10 
pounds  of  tobacco  for  each  man,  woman  and  child.  There 
should  not  be  any  bugs  or  flies  around  the  average  New 
Zealander. 

I  he  R.  N.-Y.  stated  a  little  error  in  figuring  the  con¬ 
tents  of  a  cistern.  About  30  readers  discovered  it  and 
gave  their  corrections.  Among  them  there  were  seven 
different  answers. 

The  King  and  Queen  of  Great  Britain  will  have  fresh 
milk  on  their  journey  to  India.  Several  cows  go  along  on 
the  steamer.  A  picture  showing  how  these  animals  were 
hauled  aboard  gives  points  to  the  Hope  Farm  man  and 
his  Florida  cow. 

Among  interesting  live  stock  transfers  we  may  include 
the  sale  of  three  black  foxes  for  breeding  purposes  for 
$9,000.  According  to  the  newspapers,  this  was  the  price 
paid  to  a  Quebec  man  by  the  owner  of  a  “fox  ranch”  on 
Prince  Edward  Island. 

Yes,  sir;  it  is  a  fact  that  a  man  living  on  the  island  of 
Madagascar  can  mail  a  package  weighing  11  pounds  to 
any  point  in  the  United  States  by  paying  $1.30  to  $1.44. 
To  mail  the  same  goods  50  miles  in  this  country  he  must 
make  three  different  packages  and  pay  $1.76.  Parcels  post 
or  bust! 

A  New  York  egg  dealer  was  recently  sent  to  jail  for  30 
days  for  having  seven  cases  of  rotten  eggs  in  his  pos-' 
session.  He  was  known  as  the  “rotten  egg  king,”  a  brand 
of  royalty  that  is  truly  undesirable,  lie  should  be  made 
to  eat  some  of  his  “omelettes”  as  additional  punishment. 

One  of  the  decorative  plants  offered  by  the  florists  for 
Christmas  trade  is  a  dwarf  red  pepper  (Capsicum)  with 
small  cone-shaped  fruits.  The  Jerusalem  cherry,  which  is 
a  Solanum,  is  always  a  favorite,  aud  is  more  easily  grown, 
as  it  does  not  need  so  high  a  temperature  as  the  Capsicum, 
but  the  latter  fruits  so  freely,  and  is  so  symmetrical,  that 
it  is  a  very  beautiful  plant. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


1 18^9 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

The  Congressional  investigation  in  St. 
Loais  last  month  brought  out  some  de¬ 
tails  of  the  methods  used  by  E.  G. 
Lewis  to  separate  country  people  from 
their  money.  In  the  report  of  the  hear¬ 
ing,  No.  37,  page  3281,  Inspector  Stice 
testified  as  follows  from  his  investiga¬ 
tion  in  1905 : 

Mr.  Lewis  was  president  of  the  Lewis 
Publishing  Company.  He  was  editor  of  the 
Woman's  Magazine  and  Frank  J.  Cabot  of 
the  Woman’s  Farm  Journal.  He  promoted 
the  sales  of  stock  in  the  People's  United 
States  Bank  largely  and  principally  through 
these  publications  as  editor  and  President 
and  as  an  individual.  The  account  of  money 
received  from  sales  of  stock  was  first  car¬ 
ried  on  the  books  of  the  Development  and 
Investment  Company.  T  would  like  to  have 
the  Committee  see  that  account  for  the 
purpose  of  showing  the  manner  in  which 
the  account  was  carried. 

From  the  beginning  of  1904,  February  18, 
nearly  a  year  before  the  bank  was  char¬ 
tered,  E.  G.  Lewis  as  an  individual  bor¬ 
rowed  from  these  funds  and  reloaned  to  the 
Publishing  Company.  No  record  exists 
which  authorized  the  officers  of  the  De¬ 
velopment  and  Investment  Company  to 
make  any  of  these  loans  to  Mr.  Lewis. 
The  loans  of  the  Lewis  Publishing  Co.  were 
steadily  increased,  and  after  the  organiza¬ 
tion  of  the  People’s  United  States  Bank  on 
April  22,  I90o,  they  were  consolidated 

in  one  loan  of  $400,000,  and  a  part  of  that 
amount  of  money  of  the  investors  in  the 
stock  of  the  People’s  United  States  Bank 
was  used  in  the  erection  of  the  beautiful, 
octagonal  building  at  University  City  and 
for  current  expenses.  I  propose  to  show 
that  $375,000  of  this  money  was  irretriev¬ 
ably  gone  so  far  as  these  bank  stock  holders 
were  concerned  from  the  day  the  $400,000 
loan  was  taken  by  the  bank.  • 

Upon  the  appointment  of  Mr.  Fred  Essen 
as  receiver  of  the  bank,  Mr.  Lewis  set 
about  to  obtain  from  the  stockholders  of 
the  bank,  assignments  of  stock,  using  as  an 
argument  that  by  so  doing  these  persons 
would  be  secured  against  all  loss  and  made 
capital  of  what  he  termed  the  assassination 
of  the  bank  by  the  officers  of  the  Post 
Office  Department.  Secretary  of  State  of 
Missouri,  the  press,  politicians,  and  all 
those  whom  he  has  termed  his  enemies. 

At  this  stage  the  original  circulars 
sent  out  by  Mr.  Lewis  to  secure  the 
assignment  of  the  stock  in  the  People’s 
United  States  Bank  were  put  in  evi¬ 
dence  and  cover  some  38  pages: 

Question- — You  did  not  testify,  did  you, 
that  Mr.  Lewis  was  drawing  $20,000  a 
year  salary  from  any  of  these  companies? 

Answer— Not  at  that  time.  No  sir. 

Question — Nor  at  any  time? 

Answer — Yes  sir. 

Question — Drawing  $20,000? 

Answer — After  January  1,  1906,  $500  a 
week. 

The  stock  of  the  Lewis  Publishing  Com¬ 
pany  was  increased  $2,300,000.  Mr.  Lewis 
gave  his  personal  notes  to  the  Lewis  Pub¬ 
lishing  Co.  for  $2,000,000.  By  exchanging 
Lewis  Publishing  Co.  stock  thus  obtained 
for  the  outstanding  stock  in  the  People’s 
United  States  Bank,  he  became  a  claim¬ 
ant  against  the  receiver  of  the  People’s 
United  States  Bank.  The  assigned  bank 
stock  was  surrendered  to  Mr.  Essen,  re¬ 
ceiver,  and  for  every  dollar  of  bank  stock 
surrendered.  Mr.  Lewis  received  from  the 
receiver  85  cents  of  assets. 

Mr.  Lewis  accepted  all  the  paper  he  held 
in  his  corporation  at  par,  so  that  when 
the  transaction  was  completed  Mr.  Lewis 
held  the  paper  as  an  individual  and  the 
notes  of  the  Lewis  Publishing  Co.  were 
turned  over  to  himself  as  president  of  the 
Lewis  Publishing  Co.  to  cancel. 

Lewis  was  given  credit  for  the  amount 
of  his  individual  note  by  the  Lewis  Pub¬ 
lishing  Co.,  no  money  having  been  passed 
since  the  original  loan  was  made. 

After  the  transaction  was  completed  The 
Lewis  Publishing  Co.  had  a  very  distant 
obligation  in  the  way  of  outstanding  pre¬ 
ferred  stock,  whereas  the  direct  obligations 
of  the  time  and  demand  loans  had  disap¬ 
peared  and  the  Lewis  Publishing  Co.  was 
thereby  given  a  new  lease  of  life. 

In  the  transaction  there  was  a  loss  of 
15%  which  Mr.  Lewis  has  said  over  and 
over  again  he  would  and  did  assume.  Let 
us  see  whether  he  did  or  not. 

In  this  particular  transaction  Mr.  Lewis 
turned  over  to  the  receiver  bank  stock 
amounting  to  $441,170.47. 

He  received  from  the  receiver  Lewis 
Publishing  Co.  notes  for  $375,000. 

He  received  credit  on  his  individual 
note  from  Lewis  Publishing  Co.  by  sur¬ 
rendering  notes  to  the  Lewis  Publishing  Co., 
$375,000. 

Balance  of  his  note  then  due,  $65,176.47. 

There  was  a  subsequent  dividend  of 
2%%  credit  on  note  $11,029.41.  This  left 
a  loss  to  be  assumed  by  Lewis  of  $54,147.06. 

The  first  step  toward  liquidation  of  the 
note  was  to  increase  the  salary  of  the 
President  of  the  Lewis  Publishing  Qo. 
$200  per  week,  or  $10,400  per  annum,  ef¬ 
fective  January  1,  1906,  and  the  increase 
was  applied  to  his  note;  other  credits  of 
a  similar  nature  will  be  shown  by  other 
witnesses. 

It  appears  therefore,  that  Mr.  Lewis  did 
not  assume  this  loss  but  the  Lewis  Pub¬ 
lishing  Co.  did. 

This  much  is  offered  at  this  time  to  show 
the  Committee  that  there  was  on  the  part 
of  the  corjxmation  controlled  by  Mr.  Lewis 
and  himself,  a  determination  to  hang  on 
to  the  money  of  the  public  by  hook  or 
crook,  and  it  is  further  evidence  of  an  in¬ 
tent  to  defraud,  and  the  inspectors  would 
be  justified  in  recommendation  of  a  fraud 
order  against  this  corporation. 

There  was  no  such  recommendation  and 
the  Post  Office  Department  took  no  action 
against  the  Lewis  Publishing  Co.  on  ac¬ 
count  of  its  business  methods. 

The  total  net  loss  of  this  company  up 
to  the  present  time  exceeds  $1,500,000. 

There  were  never  any  dividends  earned, 
but  a  steady,  ever  increasing  annual  defi¬ 


cit.  The  stock  has  never  had  any  actual 
value.  The  public  lost  by  investing  in  this 
stock  approximately  $2,000,000,  about 
$1,400,000  having  been  transferred  from 
the  People’s  United  States  Bank. 

You  see  the  situation.  A  publishing 
company  with  $1,200,000  stock  is  not 
paying  expenses,  but  the  stock  is  in¬ 
creased  to  $3,500,000.  This  extra  stock 
is  bought  on  a  note  of  the  president  of 
the  company,  and  then  traded  for  stock 
in  a  bank  worth  85  cents  on  the  dollar, 
promising  that  the  new  stock  is  worth 
a  dollar,  and  also  promising  to  make 
good  the  15  cents  loss.  By  this  move 
the  old  bank  stockholders  become  pub¬ 
lishing  company  stockholders,  and  be¬ 
sides  having  a  worthless  stock,  they  are 
forced  to  pay  the  15  cents  themselves 
through  an  increase  of  the  president’s 
salary.  It  should  be  remembered  that 
this  all  occurred  before  the  Post  Office 
Department  interfered  with  the  second- 
class  mail  privileges  of  the  Lewis  pub¬ 
lications.  It  is  shown  in  other  testi¬ 
mony  that  Lewis  charged  the  bank  not 
only  for  the  advertising  in  his  papers  to 
get  the  money  to  promote  the  bank,  but 
that  he  also  charged  for  the  space  used 
in  editorials  for  the  same  purpose.  And 
yet  the  testimony  is  that  the  publishing 
company  was  always  run  at  a  loss ;  that 
it  never  earned  any  dividends.  After 
10  years  of  continuous  schemes  to  col¬ 
lect  money  from  country  people,  the 
company  is  finally  bankrupt  and  Lewis 
brazenly  tells  his  dupes  that  their  losses 
were  due  to  the  Post  Office  Department 
and  The  Rural  New-Yorker.  But 
there  are  his  own  books  which  show  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  unrefuted  testimony  of 
the  inspectors  that  his  publications  were 
run  at  a  loss  from^start  to  finish,  and 
were  valuable  to  him  only  as  the  means 
of  maintaining  a  “sucker  list”  for  the 
collection  of  money  to  further  fake  and 
fraudulent  schemes. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — All  November  cold  weather 
records  in  Texas  were  broken  November 
t,  '  Tb,e,  mercury  ran  from  zero  in  the 
I  anhandle  to  25  above.  It  is  feared  that 
most  of  the  Winter  vegetable  cron  was  de¬ 
stroyed. 

'1  wo  persons  were  injured  and  property 
loss  estimated  at  $500,000  has  resulted1 
from  a  lire  November  30  at  Gainesville,  Ga. 
Eight  buildings  were  burned. 

The  plant  of  the  Fultonville  Silk  Com¬ 
pany  at  Fultonville,  N.  Y„  was  totally  de¬ 
stroyed  by  fire  November  30,  causing  a  loss 
of  $200,000  and  throwing  200  hands  out  of 
work.  The  loss  is  covered  by  insurance. 
The  null  was  owned  largely  by  the  estate 
of  John  II.  Starin.  Probably  it  will  not 
bo  rebuilt  in  Fultonville,  as  negotiations 
are  pending  for  moving  the  plant  to  Schen¬ 
ectady. 

Counsel  for  the  indicted  meat  packers, 
who  are  fighting  for  a  postponement  of  a 
trial  of  their  clients  until  they  can  test  the 
validity  of  the  Sherman  Anti-Trust  act, 
December  2  delivered  to  United  States  Dis¬ 
trict  Attorney  Wilkerson  copies  of  briefs 
which  will  be  filed  with  the  Supreme  Court. 
It  is  considered  doubtful  that  the  Supreme 
Court  will  interfere. 

Five  men,  including  the  master  of  the 
vessel,  were  killed,  two  were  terribly  in¬ 
jured  and  eight  were  rescued  in  a  thrilling 
manner  December  3  when  the  steamer  Dia¬ 
mond  was  blown  to  pieces  by  a  boiler  ex¬ 
plosion  in  the  Ohio  River  near  Davis  Island 
dam,  five  miles  below  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Fire  which  caught  in  the  engine  room  of 
the  power  house  of  the  Texas  State  Peni¬ 
tentiary  at  Huntsville,  December  4,  de¬ 
stroyed  all  of  the  buildings  except  the  main 
cell  structure,  where  the  long  term  convicts 
are  confined.  The  losses  aggregate  about 
$600,000,  with  no  insurance.  No  lives  were 
lost.  When  the  fire  began  not  a  prisoner 
attempted  to  escape.  Those  in  cells  were 
released  and  put  to  work  on  the  fire,  and 
not  one  sought  freedom.  The  volunteer  de¬ 
partment  of  the  penitentiary  did  excellent 
service. 

James  B.  McNamara  pleaded  guilty  to 
murder  in  the  first  degree  in  Judge  Walter 
Bo rd well’s  rourt  at  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  De¬ 
cember  1.  His  brother.  John  ,T.  McNamara, 
secretary  of  the  International  Association 
of  Bridge  and  Structural  Iron  Workers,  en¬ 
tered  a  plea  of  guilty  to  having  dynamited 
the  Llewellyn  Iron  Works,  in  Los  Angeles, 
on  Christmas  Day,  1910.  James  B.  Mc¬ 
Namara's  confession  clears  up  absolutely 
the  tragedy  of  the  explosion  and  fire  which 
October  1,  1910,  wrecked  the  plant  of  “The 
Los  Angeles  Times,”  and  caused  the  death 
of  21  persons.  For  19  of  these  deaths  the 
McNamara  brothers  were  indicted,  and  J. 
B.  McNamara  was  on  trial  specifically  for 
the  murder  of  Charles  M.  Haggerty,  a  ma¬ 
chinist,  whose  body  was  found  nearer 
than  that  of  any  other  to  the  spot  where 
the  dynamite  was  supposed  to  have  been 
placed.  December  5  J.  B.  McNamara  was 
sentenced  to  life  imprisonment,  and  J.  J. 
McNamara  to  15  years,  both  in  San  Quen¬ 
tin  prison.  Ortie  McManigal  has  confessed 
that  he  dynamited  the  power  house  of  the 
Omaha  Sreet  Railway  because  non-union 
steel  workers  were  being  used  in  the  con¬ 
struction  work.  The  Omaha  explosion  took 
place  on  July  22.  1910.  The  street  railway 
company  was  building  a  new  power  house 
and  non-union  men  were  raising  the  steel. 
The  regulation  clockwork  arrangement 
used  by  the  men  on  their  other  wrecking 
expeditions  were  used  here.  The  building 
was  only  partly  wrecked  when  the  dynamite 
exploded.  McManigal  left  the  city  the  fol¬ 
lowing  afternoon,  and  did  not  return  until 
March  of  1911,  when  he  came  back  and  in¬ 
vestigated  a  new  court  house  which  was 
being  built  by  a  non-union  firm.  Two  days 
after  his  second  arrival  in  Omaha  the  court 
house  was  dynamited  and  several  thousand 
dollars  damage  was  done.  McManigal  de¬ 
nied  that  he  was  the  cause  of  this  ex¬ 


plosion,  but  Chief  Donahue  expects  now 
that  he  will  confess  to  this  dynamiting 

also. 

Tod  Shriver,  the  American  aviator,  was 
killed  during  a  flight  at  I’once,  Porto  Rico, 
December  2.  He  was  making  a  flight  over 
that  city  in  a  Baldwin  monoplane  when  he 
lost  control  of  the  machine  while  making  a 
turn.  He  fell  200  feet  and  died  a  few  min¬ 
utes  after  he  struck  the  ground. 

The  success  of  reindeer  in  northern 
Alaska  is  causing  the  Canadian  Government 
to  introduce  them  into  the  Yukon  territory 
for  the  benefit  of  the  natives.  Shipment  of 
Labrador  reindeer  has  been  started  to¬ 
ward  the  Mackenzie  Valley  via  Edmonton. 
Bishop  Stringer,  of  the  Church  of  England, 
has  gone  from  Dawson  to  Ottawa  to  induce 
the  government  to  purchase  Alaskan  rein¬ 
deer  for  the  Klondike  and  Yukon  natives, 
who  are  greatly  in  need  of  occupation. 
Game  is  becoming  scarcer,  too,  necessitat¬ 
ing  the  substitution  of  grazing  animals  for 
flesh-eating  dogs.  Yak  from  the  Andes  may 
be  introduced  along  with  reindeer. 

While  the  snowstorm  was  at  its  height 
early  December  4,  about  400  horses  and 
half  that  number  of  wagons  belonging  to 
the  United  States  Express  Company  were 
destroyed  by  fire  in  the  stables  at  Hender¬ 
son  and  Eighth  streets,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
Two  firemen  were  seriously  injured  and  a 
number  of  poor  families  were  driven  from 
their  homes  by  flames.  They  were  cared 
for  by  the  Salvation  Army.  The  fire  caused 
a  loss  of  nearly  $1,000,000,  and  possibly 
cost  the  life  of  Frederick  Auckney,  a  negro 
in  charge  of  the  stable’s  hospital.  After 
discovering  smoke  in  a  refuse  pit,  Auckney 
rang  the  building’s  alarm  signal,  and  then 
tried  to  turn  loose  some  of  the  600  horses. 
He  was  not  seen  again.  Other  employees 
drove  200  animals  to  the  street. 

Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  women,  voting  for  the 
first  time  in  a  municipal  campaign  follow¬ 
ing  their  recent  enfranchisement  in  Cali¬ 
fornia,  piled  up  a  majority  December  5  for 
the  Good  Government  ticket  that  left  the 
Socialists  far  behind.  Incomplete  returns 
from  nearly  all  precincts  in  the  city  give 
Alexander,  Good  Government  candidate  for 
Mayor,  87,105 ;  Harriman,  Socialist,  50,827. 
Mrae.  Caroline  Severance,  mother  of  wo¬ 
men’s  clubs,  and  more  than  90  years  of 
age,  was  one  of  the  early  voters,  casting  a 
ballot  for  the  first  time  after  almost  three- 
quarters  of  a  century  of  struggle  for  suf¬ 
frage,  much  of  that  time  as  a  contempor¬ 
ary  of  Susan  B.  Anthony  and  others.  Mrs. 
Isabella  C.  Pease,  90  years  of  age,  was 
carried  to  the  polls.  The  confessions  of 
the  McNamaras  and  the  disclosures  in  con¬ 
nection  with  the  jury  bribing  had  much  to 
do  with  the  defeat  of  Harriman,  who,  al¬ 
though  not  directly  involved,  was  one  of 
the  attorneys  for  the  McNamaras  and 
therefore  lost  followers  when  the  dis¬ 
closures  came.  But  the  women,  after  all, 
showed  themselves  the  foes  of  Socialism. 
The  vote  c  ast — 140,880 — was  tremendous 
for  Los  Angeles. 

At  the  recent  meeting  in  this  city  of  the 
Federation  of  Jewish  Farmers  plans  for 
ousting  the  middleman  from  the  city  trade, 
in  Jewish  produce,  were  discussed.  Some 
30  farmers  took  part  in  the  debate  in  an 
odd  mixture  of  Hebrew  and  German  and 
Russian.  It  was  suggested  that  the  Fed¬ 
eration  found  and  finance  either  a  chain  of 
small  stores  or  one  great  store  on  Hester 
street,  where  Jewish  people  could  buy  di¬ 
rect,  that  a  regular  trade-mark  be  used  on 
all  goods  coming  from  the  Federation’s 
farms,  and  that  the  members  of  the  Fen¬ 
eration  become  shareholders  in  the  store  or 
stores,  thus  established. 

THE  PRESIDENT’S  MESSAGE.— In  the 
message  transmitted  to  Congress  Decem¬ 
ber  5  the  President  makes  the  following 
points:  Defends  Sherman  act  as  inter¬ 

preted  by  the  United  States  Supreme 
Court,  opposing  the  repeal  or  destructive 
amendment  of  the  statute.  Suggests  that 
Congress  pass  a  Federal  incorporation  law 
and  supplemental  legislation  that  “would 
describe  and  denounce  methods  of  compe¬ 
tition  that  are  unfair.”  Proposes  the  crea¬ 
tion  of  executive  ' bureau  or  commission  for 
supervision  of  corporations  chartered  under 
Federal  law.  Declares  decree  in  Tobacco 
Trust  case  “effective.”  Would  point  out  to 
the  business  community  “what  must  lie 
avoided.”  Combinations  of  capital  allowed 
to  become  Federal  corporations,  he  says, 
should  be  subject  to  rigid  supervision  as  to 
stock  and  bond  issues.  Such  organizations 
not  to  bo  exempt  from  prosecution  under 
the  Sherman  Anti-Trust  act.  Record  of 
trust  prosecution  :  Seven  under  Harrison’s 
administration,  eight  during  Cleveland’s 
second  term,  three  under  McKinley,  44  un¬ 
der  Roosevelt,  and  37  (so  far)  under  Taft. 
“The  Anti-Trust  act,”  says  the  President, 
“is  the  expression  of  the  effort  of  a  free¬ 
dom-loving  people  to  preserve  equality  of 
opportunity.”  Not  the  purpose  of  the  sta¬ 
tute  to  confiscate  property  jind  capital  of 
offending  trusts.  Mere  size  no  sin  against 
the  Sherman  law.  It  is  only  when  the  pur¬ 
pose  or  necessary  effects  of  the  organiza¬ 
tion  and  maintenance  of  the  combination 
of  great  size  are  the  stifling  of  competi¬ 
tion,  actual  and  potential,  and  the  enhanc¬ 
ing  of  prices  and  establishing  a  monopoly 
that  the  statute,  is  violated.  Merging  of 
two  or  more  business  plants  necessarily 
eliminates  competition  between  units  thus 
combined,  but  this  elimination  is  in  con¬ 
travention  of  statute  only  when  combina¬ 
tion  is  made  to  secure  control,  enhance 
prices  and  create  monopoly. 


N.  Y.  SCHOOL  SUPERINTENDENTS  MEET. 

The  fifty-sixth  annual  convention  of 
School  Commissioners  and  Superintendents 
was  held  at  Albany  as  a  special  session, 
“Rural  Education  Section,”  in  conjunction 
with  the  New  York  State  Teacher’s  Asso¬ 
ciation,  November  27,  28  and  29.  On  the 
27th  there  were  round  table  discussions 
with  State  officials  in  the  education  depart¬ 
ment.  The  important  meeting  of  the  con¬ 
vention  occurred  November  28,  Commis¬ 
sioner  Wingate  of  Schenectady  presiding. 
Dr.  Andrew  S.  Draper,  Commissioner  of 
Education,  was  the  first  speaker,  having  as 
his  subject  “What  is  Expected  of  District 
Superintendents.” 

“You  have  been  appointed  superintend¬ 
ents  of  the  rural  schools ;  there  are  207  of 
you — almost  twice  as  many  superintendents 
as  there  were  school  commissioners.  The 
old  districts  were  so  large  that  real  super¬ 
vision  was  impossible.  Putting  two  dis¬ 
tricts  where  there  was  one  before  is  an 
important  factor  in  inci’easing  th«  ef¬ 
ficiency  of  supervision.  The  education  de¬ 


partment  expects  that  you  will  be  free  and 
independent  school  superintendents.  It 
cannot  be  said  too  often  that  the-  schools 
are  to  be  kept  free  from  all  political  or  de¬ 
nominational  partisanship.  Officers  of  the 
schools  are  to  assert  this  and  exemplify  it; 
the  school  organization  is  to  offend  none; 
it  is  to  count  upon  the  support  of  ail.  It  is 
one  of  the  strong  points  of  the  new  law 
that  it  excludes  the  uneducated  from  these 
superintendents.  Efficient  superintendents 
must  have  knowledge,  not  merely  of  the 
technical  rules  of  grammar,  arithmetic,  etc., 
but  of  the  world’s  store  of  literature.  If 
you  have  that,  your  grasp  upon  administra¬ 
tion,  and  courses  of  study,  and  methods  of 
teaching,  and  all  such,  will  come  very 
quickly  and  easily.  But  if  you  are  long  on 
frills  and  pretense,  and  short  on  the  sub¬ 
stance  of  knowledge,  if  you  are  without  the 
elements  of  intellectual  growth,  your  rising 
sun  will  soon  be  obscured  by  a  cloud  and  is 
even  likely  to  drop  out  of  the  heavens  very 
suddenly.  There  is  a  direction  in  the  law 
that  you  hold  meetings  of  trustees  and  ad¬ 
vise  them  and  counsel  them  in  relation  to 
the  interests  of  the  school.  That  is  an  im¬ 
portant  provision.  Get  the  trustees  to¬ 
gether  and  talk  over  buildings  and  teachers 
and  courses  of  study.  Embrace  every  fair 
opportunity  to  quicken  public  sentiment; 
have  a  sane  appreciation  of  educational 
values;  remember  that  not  half  that  is 
learned  is  in  text-books.  Make  certain  that 
children  are  trained  soundly  in  English  and 
in  simple  mathematics.  Adjure  teachers  to 
train  children  to  respect  labor  and  to  do 
things.  Encourage  the  schools  to  interest 
the  pupils  in  agriculture,  mechanical  and 
home-making  industries.  This  will  work 
no  harm  to  reading,  writing  and  numbers," 
but  rather-  to  their  advantage.  It  will 
broaden  the  higher  schools,  or  at  least 
concentrate  their  intensiveness  upon  work 
that  has  the  largest  claims.  The  vital 
need  of  the  educational  work  of  this  coun¬ 
try  is  the  training  of  pupils  in  manual  and 
vocational  efficiency.  Interest  the  children 
in  animal  life;  a  boy  who  can  break  a  colt 
is  not  untrained.  What  helps  the  hand 
helps  the  head  and  the  heart.  Let  the  boy 
get  waked  up  about  something.” 

Dr.  T.  E.  Finnegan,  third  assistant  com¬ 
missioner  of  education,  who  has  charge  of 
the  new  district  superintendents,  spoke  on 
“Obligations  and  Opportunities  of  District 
Superintendents,”  emphasizing  Dr.  Draper’s 
advice,  and  devoting  himself  more  to  the 
technical  matters  of  the  new  office,  such  as 
powers  and  duties,  etc.  Dr.  Finnegan  gave 
statistics,  aiRong  which  it  may  be  of  inter¬ 
est  to  know  that  there  are  among  the  207 
district  superintendents  42  college  gradu¬ 
ate's,  20  graduates  of  the  State  Normal 
College,  92  graduates  of  State  normal 
schools,  25  holding  life  certificates  and  28 
permanent  certificates.  The  average  teach¬ 
ing  experience  Is  20  years.  There  are  39 
women  elected  and  50  commissioners  re¬ 
elected.  One  of  the  difficulties  is  the  small 
school  of  less  than  10  pupils,  of  which  there 
are  1,400,  each  with  a  valuation  of  $20,000 
or  less,  throughout  the  State.  Dr.  Finne¬ 
gan  said  that  the  term  of  office  begins  on 
January  1,  which  is  a  holiday,  but  on  the 
2d  at  9  a.  m.  each  superintendent  should  be 
at  the  door  of  some  school  house. 

O.  ,T.  Kern,  superintendent  of  the  Winne¬ 
bago  Connty  schools,  in  Illinois,  occupied 
the  afternoon  with  an  excellent  colored 
storeopticon  lecture  on  “The  Front  Line  of 
Country  School  Improvement.”  After  the 
lecture  Dr.  Finnegan  answered  questions 
that  the  superintendents  pnt  to  him.  The 
main  feature  seemed  to  be  as  to  what  the 
State  would  allow  as  expenses.  The 
answer  of  the  State  seemed  at  first  to  be 
rather  narrow,  as  l)r.  Finnegan  said  that 
the  superintendents  were  not  to  hire  their 
horse  of  a  brother  or  their  wife  and  charge 
it  to  the  State.  However,  the  general 
opinion  of  the  superintendents  is  that  the 
State  Comptroller  will  he  reasonable  in  this 
detail. 

On  Wednesday  morning  was  the  business 
meeting,  election  of  officers,  etc.  The  body 
of  superintendents  desires  to  be  separate 
and  so  do  not  continue  with  the  massive 
teachers’  association,  but  meet  independ¬ 
ently;  next  year  probably  at  Utica  and 
perhaps  in  January.  .  A  number  of  dis¬ 
tricts  have  raised  the  salaries  of  their 
superintendents.  One  good  instance  of 
what  is  being  done  up-State  is  Erie  County, 
whose  old  commissioners  reelected  receive 
$800  increase,  and  the  new*  men  $600  in¬ 
crease.  The  valuation  of  the  districts  rais¬ 
ing  $800  is,  respectively,  $18,578,404, 
$6,302,782,  $4,811,000.  Those  raising  $600, 
$10,103,164  and  $6,643,140.  M. 


Coming  Farmers’  Meetings. 

Winter  Short  Courses.  Cornell  University, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  November  28- February  23. 

N.  Y.  State  Fruit  Growers’  Ass’n,  Ro¬ 
chester,  N.  Y.,  January  3-5. 

N.  Y.  State  Dairymen’s  Ass’n,  Clean, 
December  12-13. 

New  Jersey  Horticultural  Society,  Free¬ 
hold,  December  12-13. 

Illinois  Agricultural  Society,  Urbana,  Ill., 
December  12-14. 

Maine  Live  Stock  Breeders’  Association, 
Orono,  December  14-15. 

Eastern  Fruit  Growers’  Ass’n,  Raleigh 
Hotel,  Washington,  D.  C.,  December  12. 

National  Mid-Winter  Sheep  Show — 
Omaha,  Neb..  December  13-16. 

Farmers’  Week,  Kingston,  R.  I.,  Decem¬ 
ber  25-30. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Burlington,  Vt., 
December  20-February  24. 

State  Farmers’  Institute,  Manhattan,  Kan¬ 
sas,  December  26-30. 

Farmers’  Week,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J., 
December  25-.Tanuary  1. 

Farmers’  Week,  State  College,  Pa.,  De¬ 
cember  27-.Tanuary  3. 

American  Breeders’  Ass’n,  Washington, 
D.  C.,  December  28-30. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Ames,  Iowa,  Jan¬ 
uary  2-13. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Columbus,  O.,  Jan¬ 
uary  2- February  23. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Amherst,  Mass., 
January  2-March  8. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Durham,  N.  H., 
January  4-March  8. 

Farmers’  Week,  Purdue  Tniversity,  La¬ 
fayette,  Indiana,  January  8-13. 

Vermont  Dairymen’s  Ass’n,  Burlington, 
January  9-11. 

Farmers’  Week,  College  Park,  Md.,  Janu¬ 
ary  8  15. 


1200 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


December  16, 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

CHRISTMAS  GIFTS. 

Long,  long  ago,  in  manger  low, 

Was  cradled  from  above 
A  little  child,  in  whom  God  smiled, 

A  Christmas  gift  of  love. 

When  hearts  were  bitter  and  unjust, 

And  cruel  hands  were  strong, 

The  noise  he  hushed  with  hope  and  trust, 
And  Peace  began  her  song. 

Whene’er  the  Father’s  Christmas  gifts 
Seem  only  frost  and  snow. 

And  anxious  stress  and  lowliness, 

And  poverty  and  woe — 

Straightway  provide  a  welcome  wide. 

Nor  wonder  why  they  came ; 

They  stand  outside  our  hearts  and  bide. 
Knocking  in  Jesus’  name. 

For  trouble,  cold  and  dreary  care 
Are  angels  in  disguise, 

And  greeted  fair,  with  trust  and  prayer. 

As  Peace  and  L6ve  they  rise ; 

They  are  the  manger,  rude  and  low, 

In  which  a  Christ-child  lies ; 

Oh  !  welcome  guest,  thy  cradle  nest 
Is  always  God’s  surprise ! 

— W.  C.  Gannett. 

* 

In  frosty  weather  a  little  denatured 
alcohol  on  a  cloth  will  be  found  excel¬ 
lent  for  cleaning  windows.  The  dirt 
comes  off  quickly  and  the  window  is  left 
clean  and  bright  after  its  rubbing,  the 
work  being  done  much  more  easily  than 
with  water. 

* 

A  housekeeper  who  has  often  had  to 
wrestle  with  tough  beefsteak  says  that 
Southern  beaten  steak  is  very  good. 
Cheap  but  juicy  steak  is  cut  into  pieces 
about  four  inches  square.  Season  each 
piece  well  with  pepper  and  salt,  then 
pound  until  literally  a  rag.  Roll  each 
piece  up  and  dip  in  cornmeal,  fry  in 
very  hot  fat,  and  serve  immediately. 
Another  way  to  prepare  a  tough  steak 
is  to  pound,  then  rub  with  lemon  juice, 
pound  again,  sprinkle  with  salt  and 
pound  again ;  then  fold  over,  press  it 
together  with  a  little  flour,  broil  like  any 
other  steak  and  allow  a  little  butter  to 
melt  over  it  before  serving. 

* 

The  return  of  long  sleeves  with  frills 
at  the  wrist  was  to  be  expected  this 
Winter;  the  sleeves  are  quite  tight. 
Some  are  set  in  at  the  shoulder,  while 
in  others  the  one-piece  waist  has  the 
sleeve  joined  on  by  a  piping  below  the 
shoulder  line.  With  the  tight  sleeve  and 
frill  at  wrist  we  see  neck  frills  of  vari¬ 
ous  styles,  the  close  Toby  or  Pierrot 
frill  being  a  favorite.  To  those  who 
may  wonder  why  a  close  ruff  should  be 
called  a  “Toby”  frill  we  must  recall 
Mr.  Punch’s  canine  friend  Toby,  who  is 
always  thus  adorned  in  the  puppet  show 
and  is  immortalized  on  the  cover  of 
London’s  famous  weekly  paper.  A  fa¬ 
vorite  form  of  this  frill  is  of  net,  edged 
with  black  footing  and  with  a  smart 
black  satin  bow  at  the  left  side.  An¬ 
other  style  is  the  hoop  frill,  which  is 
deep  enough  to  come  to  the  edge  of  the 
shoulder  and  lie  flat  like  a  bib  all  around. 
Its  greatest  defect  is  the  impossibility  of 
putting  on  a  jacket  without  crumpling 
the  frill  hopelessly,  which  makes  it  un¬ 
desirable  for  a  blouse  worn  with  a  suit. 
* 

A  magazine  cover  has  utility  aside 
from  its  own  attractiveness ;  it  saves  wear 
and  tear,  preventing  the  dog's-eared  look 
that  so  soon  results  from  handling,  and 
if  the  latest  issue  is  always  slipped  into 
it  it  will  not  be  mislaid  by  being  put 
among  back  numbers.  Burlap  or  buck¬ 
ram  is  very  good  for  such  a  case.  For 
an  average  size  a  strip  11  inches  deep 
may  be  cut  across  a  piece  of  24-inch 
goods  from  selvage  to  selvage.  The 
selvage  edges  are  then  folded  towards 
each  other  4)4  inches  on  each  side.  The 
ends  are  then  bound  with  ribbon  or  with 
strips  of  leather,  and  stitched  on  the  ma¬ 
chine.  The  cover  is  thus  like  a  large 
card  case.  A  silk  cord  or  ribbon  is  tied 
over  the  center,  where  the  back  of  the 


magazine  will  come,  so  that  the  pages 
are  slipped  through  at  the  middle,  while 
the  cover  and  a  few  outside  pages  are 
slipped  into  the  pocket  at  each  side,  thus 
holding  all  in  place.  The  cover  may  be 
lettered  with  the  name  of  the  magazine 
if  desired.  Suede  leather,  silk  or  any 
handsome  material  may  be  used  for  such 


a  case,  but  linen  or  burlap  is  the  most 
practical  if  it  is  likely  to  be  handled 
freely. 

* 

Pupils  at  a  great  technical  school  tell 
us  about  the  calorie  luncheons  served  in 
the  lunch  room  presided  over  by  the 
domestic  science  department.  A  “calorie 
luncheon”  is  one  carefully  planned  to 
contain  the  heat  units  necessary  to  re¬ 
pair  waste  and  keep  the  body  in  work¬ 
ing  order.  It  is  educational  to  the  one 
who  eats  as  well  as  the  one  who  plans, 
and  though  some  combinations  offered 
sound  rather  irrevelant  (one  girl  as¬ 
serted  her  calorie  luncheon  was  a  pear 
and  a  dish  of  corn  pudding),  the  con¬ 
crete  evidence  of  the  lunch  trays  shows 
that  many  of  us  eat  entirely  too  much. 
Somewhat  in  line  with  this  are  experi¬ 
ments  made  by  young  women  in  a  Cin¬ 
cinnati  training  school,  whose  experi¬ 
ments  show  that  with  a  knowledge  of 
food  preparation  it  is  possible  for  a 
working  girl  to  supply  her  meals  for  12 
cents  a  day,  or  even  for  7  cents  a  day. 
A  model  flat  was  fitted  up,  and  the  stu¬ 
dents  did  their  own  marketing  and 


housework.  Here  is  the  7-cent  menu, 
which  forms  a  record  in  economy: 

Breakfast — Cornmeal  mush  and  milk; 
brown  bread  or  toast ;  coffee  or  cocoa. 

Luncheon — Peanut  sandwiches;  bread 
and  jelly  squares;  fruit. 

Dinner — Split  pea  soup;  creamed  cod¬ 


fish  on  toast;  apple  dumplings  with 
sauce;  tea. 

The  average  cost  of  this  day’s  nour¬ 
ishment  for  each  member  of  the  class 
was  iyA  cents  a  meal. 

It  must  be  remembered  that  this  was 
a  co-operative  effort ;  it  could  not  be 
done  by  one  person  alone  so  cheaply. 
In  every  case  where  very  economical 
catering  must  be  done  the  cooking  must 
be  of  the  best,  or  the  plain  food  not  only 
loses  in  palatability,  but  in  nutritive 
value  also. 

The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  pattern  and  measurement  de¬ 
sired. 

The  ■  little  over-blouse  with  pleated 
peplum  and  bands  of  shirring  is  a  favor¬ 
ite  model.  The  over-blouse  is  made  in 
one  piece.  If  additional  strength  is 
wanted  gussets  can  be  inserted  under 
the  arms.  It  is  joined  to  the  upper  edge 
of  the  belt  and  the  peplum  is  joined  to 
the  lower  edge.  For  the  medium  size 
will  be  required  3 )4  yards  of  material  21, 
1  Vi  yards  36,  1)4  yards  44  inches  wide 
for  the  blouse  and  for  the  puffs  will  be 
needed  24  yard  21,  )4  yard  36,  24  yard 
44  inches  wide.  The  pattern  No.  7195  is 
cut  in  sizes  for  a  34,  36,  38,  40  and  42 
inch  bust  measure.  Price,  10  cents. 

The  smaller  pictures  include:  7202 — 
Fancy  blouse,  34  to  40  bust,  with  high  or 
round  neck,  with  or  without  under- 
sieves,  with  or  without  fitted  lining. 
7204 — Coatee  blouse  for  misses  and 
small  women,  14,  16  and  18  years,  with 
or  without  chemisette  and  under-sleeves. 
7198 — Semi-princess  gown,  34  to  42  bust, 
with  four-gored  skirt  and  separate 
chemisette.  7192 — Six-gored  skirt  with 
underlying  panel  at  left  side,  22  to  32 
waist.  7208 — Boy’s  double-breasted  reefer 
coat,  2  to  6  years,  with  or  without  shield, 
perforated  for  shorter  length.  Price  of 
each  pattern,  10  cents. 


Pumpkin  Indian  Pudding. — Mix  a  pint 
of  Indian  meal  and  half  a  tablespoonful 
of  ground  ginger  with  a  pint  of  cooked 
and  mashed  pumpkin.  Stir  a  cupful  of 
molasses  and  a  third  of  a  cupful  of  but¬ 
ter  into  a  quart  of  boiling  milk ;  add  the 
pumpkin  mixture,  a  level  teaspoonful  of 
salt  and  the  grated  yellow  rind  of  a 
lemon.  Before  adding  the  molasses  stir 
into  it  a  half  teaspoonful  of  soda  dis¬ 
solved  in  a  little  water.  Turn  into  a 
buttered  three-quart  mold,  cover  tightly 
and  boil  three  to  (pur  hours.  Serve  hot 
with  lemon  sauce. 


There  is  no  needless  delay 
about  putting  the  horses  up 
for  the  night  and  getting  into 
your  own  comfortable  home 
when  the  work  is  lighted — 
and  lightened— by  a  Rayo 
lantern.  Rayo  lanterns  give 
such  a  strong,  steady  light 
you  can  put  your  hand  on 
what  you  want  in  a  second. 

Rayo  lanterns  are  the  best 
and  brightest  on  the  market. 


Made  in  all  kinds  of  styles 
and  sizes,  to  suit  any  use. 

Finest  material  and  workman¬ 
ship;  most  light  for 
the  oil  consumed* 
will  not  blow  out. 

All  Rayo  lanterns  are 
equipped  with  selected  Rayo 
globes,  clear,  red  or  green, 
as  desired.  Wicks  inserted 
in  burners,  ready  to  light. 

Dealers  everywhere;  or 
write  for  descriptive  circular 
direct  to  any  agency  of  the 

Standard  Oil  Company 

(Incorporated) 


THE  BEST  LIGHT 


Absolutely  safe.  Makes  and  burns  Its  own 
gas.  Brilliant  600  candle  power  light, 
r*  Casta  no  shadow.  Costs  2  cents  per 
week.  No  smoke,  grease,  nor  odor.  Over 
200  styles.  Every  lamp  warranted.  Agents 
wanted.  W rite  for  catalog. 

THE  BEST  LIGHT  CO. 

401  E.  5th  St.,  Canton,  O. 


WASH  BY  AIR 


The  New  Way 

No  wear,  no  tear,  no  beat¬ 
ing.  Dantiest  articles  washed 
without  injury.  Tub  of  clo¬ 
thes  washed  in  5  to  10  min¬ 
utes.  A  child  can  operate. 
Well  made,  will  not  rust. 
Lighter  than  a  washboard. 
Instantaneously  attachable 
to  any  metal  tub  or  wash 
boiler.  No  screws  to  tighten. 
Order  from  this  ad.  Satisfac¬ 
tion  guaranteed.  Send  for 
circulars.  Agents  wanted. 

Rapid  Vacuum  Washer  Co. 
35  HermonSt.,  Worcester,  Hass. 


Kill  Your= - 

Hogs 

More  money  this  year  in 
SAUSAGE  and  LARD  than 
from  selling  on  the  hoof. 
Easily  made  with  an 


This  patent  corrugated 
spout  prevents  air  from 
entering  the  casing  and 
spoiling  the  sausage. 


Enterprise  Meat  and  Food 
Chopper— cuts  like  shears— 
does  not  mangle  the  food. 
Four-bladed  steel  knives 
revolve  against  perforated 
steel  plates. 

Enterprise  Bone,  Shell  and 
Corn  Mill — quickly  pays  for 
itself  in  healthy  poultry  and 
increased  egg  yield. 

Send  4  cents  in  stamps  for 
our  recipe  book,  “The  Enter¬ 
prising  Housekeeper.”  Tells 
how  to  make  200  economical, 
tasty  dishes. 


ENTERPRISE 

Sausage  Stuffer  and  Lard  Press 

The  one  machine  that  both 
perfectly  stuffs  sausage  and 
perfectly  presses  lard.  Gives 
you  all  of  the  lard.  Stuffs  sausage  so 
that  it  keeps.  Patent  corrugated  spout 
prevents  air  from  entering  the  casing. 

An  Enterprise  Sausage  Stuffer  and  Lard 
Press  will  earn  itself  out  this  fall  and 
will  stay  by  you  for  many  years  to  come. 
Built  for  hard  service  and  so  accurate 
that  every  part  works  smoothly.  In¬ 
stantly  changed  to  a  lard  press — can 
be  used  also  as  a  fruit  press. 

4-quart  size,  $5.50.  At  hardware 
and  general  stores.  Be  sure  to  look 
for  the  name  Enterprise. 


ENTERPRISE  MFG.  CO.  OF  PA. 
Dept.  69  Philadelphia 


1911. 


THE  RUR.-A.lv  NEW-YORKER 


1201 


Select 

Company 

It’s  the  very  nature  of  a  soda  nSS^Bli 
cracker  to  absorb  moisture  and 
foreign  odors. 

That’s  why  the  ordinary  soda  cracker 
remained  so  long  in  obscurity. 

The  advent  of  Uneeda  Biscuit  and  the  moisture 
proof  and  odor-repelling  package  changed 
all  this— for  Uneeda  Biscuit,  the  perfect  ^ 

soda  cracker,  keeps  select  company  t 
— its  own. 

To-day  the  goodness,  the 


freshness  and  body-build 
ing  virtues  of  Uneeda 
Biscuit  are  acclaimed  , 
in  tenement  and 
mansion. 


package  || 
NATIONAL  BISCUIT  COMPANY 


M  ' 

u 


GUARANTEED 
Freight  Paid 

Our  Gold 
Coin  Stove 
Guaranty  i  s 
to  take  back 
tho  stove  at 
our  expense, 
any  time 
within  a  year 
and  refund  your 
money  if  you  are 
not  satisfied. 

Freight  is  pre- 
ra'ii;  safe  de¬ 
livery  insured,  ready  to  set  up— even  polished. 
Send  for  our  Free  Catalogue,  Price  List  and  Offer. 

Our  prices  are  $5  to  $20  less  than  any  dealer’s 
prices.  The  stoves  are  only  of  tho  very  best 
—and  so  guaranteed. 

Gold  Coin  Stove  Co.  3  Oak  Street,  Troy,  N 


xxxxxxxxxxxxxx: 


Building  a  Dumb-Waiter. 

In  reply  to  the  query  of  T.  O.  for 
plans  and  directions  for  making  a  dumb 
waiter,  I  send  the  enclosed  drawing  and 
directions  for  putting  up  same. 

The  shaft  for  the  waiter  is  composed 
of  two  lengths  of  two  by  eight  pieces 
that  should  reach  from  the  ceiling  of  the 
kitchen  to  the  floor  of  the  cellar.  These 
are  placed  28%  inches  apart,  and  should 
be  perfectly  plumb.  The  groove  on  each, 
in  which  the  strips  of  the  waiter  run, 
are  made  by  placing  the  1x2  inch  strips 
1)4  inches  apart,  leaving  )4  inch  play 
for  the  strips  in  the  grooves.  The  1x6 
inch  pieces  are  nailed  on  the  edges  of 
the  2x8,  thus  forming  a  pocket  in  which 
the  weights  move  up  and  down.  The 
waiter  is  a  square  box  26  inches  square 
and  five  feet  long.  The  bottom-  and 
three  shelves  give  24  square  feet  of  space 
for  the  accommodation  of  such  stuff 
as  may  be  placed  in  the  waiter.  Where 
more  space  than  this  is  required,  it 
would  be  best  to  install  a  waiter  with 
hydraulics. 

An  opening  in  the  floor  should  be 
made  about  )4  inch  larger  than  the 
waiter.  There  should  be  placed  a  bumper 
under  the  waiter,  just  the  required 
height  to  stop  the  waiter  below  the  level 
of  the  floor.  The  back  of  the  waiter  can 
be  covered  with  the  screen  wire,  by 
tacking  it  on  to  the  frame,  the  doors 
should  be  in  two  sections,  as  shown  by 
the  dotted  lines  in  the  drawing. 

The  cables  may  be  fastened  to  the 
waiter  by  staples  or  ring  bolts.  The 
weights  should  be  from  10  to  IS  pounds 
heavier  than  the  waiter,  then  weights, 
ranging  in  sizes  from  two  to  six  pounds 
may  be  placed  on  top  of  the  waiter,  that 
the  weights  and  the  waiter  may  be  kept 


dressed  lumber  for  sides.  25  square 
feet  wire  screen,  for  back  and  doors.  2 
6-inch  pulleys.  32  feet  (lineal),  inch 
wire  cable.  2  weights  to  correspond  with 
weight  of  waiter.  1  gross  of  No.  8,  1)4 
inch  wood  screws.  1  pound  of  nails, 
mixed  sizes,  4d.  to  20d.  j.  w.  griffin. 


/  / 


PLAN  OF  DUMB-WAITER.  Fig.  492 


near  the  same  weight  when  articles  are 
placed  in  the  waiter.  This  is  done  by 
removing  about  the  same  weight  from 
the  top  of  the  waiter  as  that  of  the  arti¬ 
cles  placed  in  the  waiter.  A  stop  may 
be  attached  to  the  floor  near  the  waiter, 
by  which  it  is  held  in  place  (the  waiter), 
when  it  is  raised  to  receive  articles.  This 
may  be  a  stick  or  wooden  button,  and 
may  be  worked  either  by  the  foot  or  the 
hand. 

A  door  for  the  floor  has  notches  cut 
in  it  on  each  side  in  which  the  cables 
rest.  This  door  should  be  fitted  with  a 
hand  hold  by  which  it  may  be  removed 
when  the  waiter  is  to  be  raised.  The 
waiter  may  be  raised  directly  into  the 
pantry,  or  may  be  encased  in  an  open¬ 
ing  made  especially  for  it.  It  may  be 
made  cheaply,  or  very  expensive,  and 
yet  be  economical,  just  to  suit  the  means 
of  the  builder. 

Material  used:  Two  pieces,  2x8  inches, 
16  feet  long,  frame  of  shaft.  Four 
pieces,  1x2  inches,  16  feet  long,  side  of 
grooves  on  shaft.  Four  pieces,  1x6 
inches,  16  feet  long,  box  in  which  weights 
move.  Two  pieces,  lxl  inch,  5  feet  long, 
strips  that  work  in  grooves.  Two  pieces, 
1x2%  inches,  5  feet  long,  door  frame. 
Two  pieces,  1x2)4  inches,  6  feet  long, 
door  frame.  22  square  feet  dressed  lum¬ 
ber  for  ends  and  shelves.  25  square  feet 


Diaries. 

At  the  beginning  of  1912  I  must  have 
a  new  “Line  a  Day”  diary.  These  little 
books,  containing  space  for  a  short 
record  of  each  day’s  doings  for  five 
years,  when  filled,  anchor  many  facts 
in  family  history  that  would  otherwise 
drift  into  the  great  Forgotten.  Even  a 
busy,  busy  woman,  if  she  has  the  taste 
for  it,  may  find  time  to  note  down  in  a 
few  words  the  most  important  events  of 
the  day,  just  before  bedtime.  Such  a 
book  would  hardly  be  worth  much  in 
the  hands  of  one  who  is  made  up  like 
the  i  an  who  along  in  the  last  of  the 
week  sat  down  with  his  neglected  diary 
and  began : 

“Hannah,  what  did  I  do  Monday?” 

His  worried  wife  answered,  “O  dear! 

I  don’t  know !  That’s  the  day  I  washed. 
Why,  you  went  to  the  blacksmith’s.”  A 
woman  with  a  thousand  and  one  things 
to  think  of  might  well  be  pardoned  if 
the  records  of  that  man’s  week  proved 
inaccurate. 

But  the  diary  habit  is  easily  formed, 
so  that  the  writing  of  the  few  words 
becomes  a  part  of  the  regular  bed¬ 
time  routine.  Really  valuable  items  are 
thus  saved  not  only  for  our  own  use, 
but  for  those  who  follow  us.  Then,  too, 
the  things  of  interest  that  we  had  for¬ 
gotten,  may  be  brought  to  mind.  In 
the  diaries  of  the  mother  now  gone  to 
rest  is  the  record  of  the  frequent  visits 
of  the  married  children,  driving  in  for 
an  hour  or  two,  to  take  dinner  and  to 
show  the  babies ;  records  of  the  running 
in  of  the  neighbors,  now  passed  on,  but 
young  then,  and  pleasant  to  recall ;  rec¬ 
ords  of  the  stay  of  the  grandchildren 
while  their  young  mother  took  a  trip 
to  town ;  record  of  a  visit  to  Boston, 
when  “we  got  our  cabinets.”  We  had 
been  wondering  how  old  mother  was 
when  those  pictures  were  taken,  be¬ 
cause  we  think  we  look  almost  as  old 
as  she  did  then.  Now  we  know.  Simple 
records  they  may  be,  but  they  recall  to 
us  many  things  that  our  parents  did  for 
us,  and  the  long-ago  home  and  neigh¬ 
borhood  life. 

In  my  own  family  the  diary  is  often 
consulted.  What  year  was  it  that  the 
daughter  began  to  teach  in  S.  ?  When 
did  both  daughters  go  to  Canada?  How 
old  was  our  grandson  John  when  he 
began  to  walk?  In  what  year  was  the 
California  earthquake?  When  did  this 
friend  visit  us?  How  long  have  we 
had  this  machine?  When  did  Edward 
VII  begin  to  reign?  Dozens  of  ques¬ 
tions  on  matters  great  and  small  find 
answer  in  the  line-a-day  diary. 

A  fine  thing  about  a  properly  kept 
diary  is  that  it  recalls  the  many  kind¬ 
nesses  of  neighbors  and  friends.  We 
may  forget  these,  but  when  the  five- 
year  diary  is  nearly  full,  and  at  night 
we  prepare  to  jot  down  the  happenings 
of  the  day,  we  can  run  the  eye  up  the 
page.  There  are  the  records  of  the  corre¬ 
sponding  day  of  the  year  for  four  years 
back.  On  some  of  these  days,  a  neigh¬ 
bor  has  given  us  something,  or  has  done 
us  a  favor ;  or  someone  died  a  year  ago 
this  day,  or  it  is  the  birthday  anni¬ 
versary  of  some  person,  old  or  young. 
Many  things  we  see  that  inspire  us  to 
kindly  feeling  and  action  towards  those 
about  us.  One  thing  that  should  never 
on  any  account  be  kept  on  record  is  an 
unkindness. 

I  once  saw  the  diary  of  a  man  who 
lived  early  in  the  nineteenth  century. 
He  had  kept  it  for  33  years,  and  as  he 
was  a  useful  and  public-spirited  man, 
in  a  country  town  where  everybody  was  \ 
a  neighbor,  it  was  a  most  interesting 
book.  In  it  I  found  the  account  of  the 
death  of  my  great  grandfather,  and  the 
text  from  which  his  funeral  sermon 
was  preached  in  the  old  church.  Here 
is  a  sample  of  his  days :  “Sowed  bar¬ 
ley.  Helped  to  set  Josiah  C.’s  wife’s 
leg.  Repaired  stone  wall.  Attended  a 
meeting  of  the  selectmen.” 

The  quaintest  diary  I  ever  saw  was 
kept  by  an  eight-year-old  boy  who  was 
“chums”  with  his  father.  The  boy  is 
now  a  man  of  40  “and  upwards,”  and  he 
still  chums  with  his  father.  All  the 
fowls  on  the  little  place  were  named. 
One  day  it  was  “We  had  Sammy  for 
dinner,  made  into  a  soup.”  Another, 
“Sarah  began  to  lay.”  Again,  “Father 
and  I  went  hunting.  We  shot  a  squir¬ 
rel.”  One  Sunday,  “Rainy.  Father  and 
I  went  to  meeting,  but  we  thought 
Annie  better  not  go.”  The  boy  was  all 
of  three  years  older  than  “Annie”! 

The  dairy  habit  developed  into  the 
journal  habit  in  this  case,  and  the  boy 
developed  into  a  minister  and  a  legis¬ 


lator.  Here,  then,  is  material  for  an 
autobiography  that  would  be  of  interest 
to  many. 

Why  not  get  the  boy  and  the  girl 
each  a  diary,  and  see  if  it  will  not  prove 
both  pleasurable  and  profitable?  Not  all 
children  would  be  limited  to  such  rec¬ 
ords  as  we  have  seen  quoted  for  each 
succeeding  day:  “Got  up.  Washed  face. 
Went  to  bed.” _ e.  f.  m. 

Hardenburg  Cake. 

Some  time  ago  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  I  saw 
a  recipe  for  Hardenburg  fruit  cake.  Please 
repeat  it  if  convenient.  We  find  lots  of 
helpful  things  in  The  R.  N.-Y.’s  weekly 
visits.  C.  L.  s. 

This  is  an  old-fashioned  Dutch  fruit 
cake.  Cream  together  a  pound  and  a 
half  of  butter  and  two  pounds  of  gran¬ 
ulated  sugar.  Add  one-half  pint  of  New 
Orleans  molasses,  the  beaten  yolks  of 
12  eggs,  two  ounces  of  mixed  spices — • 
mace,  cinnamon  and  cloves,  two  grated 
nutmegs,  one-half  pound  candied  peel- 
two  pounds  cleansed  and  dried  currants, 
four  pounds  stoned  and  cut  raisins,  one- 
half  pint  pickled  fruit  syrup  or  boiled- 
down  cider,  and  flour  to  make  the  ingre¬ 
dients  hang  together.  If  not  self-raising 
flour,  add  a  dessertspoonful  of  baking 
powder.  About  a  pound  and  a  quarter 
of  flour  will  be  required.  Lastly,  fold 
in  the  stiffly  beaten  whites  of  the  eggs. 
Bake  three  or  four  hours  in  a  moderate 
oven,,  taking  care  not  to  disturb. 

One  Way  of  Smoking  Meat. 

It  is  near  the  time  for  farmers  to  put 
in  their  supply  of  pork,  so  I  give  you 
my  way  of  smoking  my  hams,  shoulders 
and  dried  beef.  Take  the  meat  barrel 
and  invert  it.  Put  into  any  kind  of  a 
dish  that  will  hold  them  about  a  peck 
of  corncobs  and  set  under  the  barrel, 
set  fire  to  them  and  cover  them  up  so 
they  will  not  blaze,  but  smudge,  and 
cover  the  top  of  the  barrel  with  water 
(have  the  barrel  stand  level),  to  keep  it 
from  drying  up.  Give  about  two  smokes, 
then  pack  the  meat  in  the  barrel,  and 
when  you  come  to  use  it  the  meat  will 
have  the  smoke  flavor,  but  it  will  not  be 
black,  as  it  will  from  being  in  the  smoke¬ 
house,  and  it  will  not  have  so  strong  a 
taste  of  the  smoke.  Have  a  smokehouse, 
but  do  not  use  it,  only  for  ashes.  I  have 
used  the  recipe  for  years  and  given 
it  to  a  great  many  people.  I  put  three 
or  four  good  pieces  of  side  pork  in  with 
my  hams,  and  it  is  fine  fried.  G.  w.  b. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


CHRISTMAS  BLANKETS  \ 

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Buy  them  for  Christmas  presents,  for 
your  Parents,  your  Children,  or  your 
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EXPRESS  CHARGES  PREPAID 

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LIGONIER.  Ind. 


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and  patience  by  buy¬ 
ing  an 


EASY 

VACUUM  CLEANER 

This  is  the  most  wonderful  V  acuum  Cleaner 
on  the  market,  because  it  is  simple  to  oper¬ 
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Write  us  today  for  10  Days’  Trial  Offer. 

DODGE  &  ZUILL,  R,  4,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


1202 


THE)  RUR.A.I>  NEW-YORKER 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

A  Guernsey  Bull  at  Work. 

I  read  with  interest  on  page  1128  the 
discussion  on  “Put  the  Bull  at  Work.” 
Last  August  we  decided  to  take  a  step 
forward  by  buying  a  purebred  sire.  At 
college  when  I  studied  types  and  breeds 
of  dairy  cattle,  I  decided  that  when  I 
was  in  a  position  to  get  registered  stock 
I  should  get  Guernseys,  so  the  next 
thing  to  do  was  to  look  around  for  a 
Guernsey  bull  to  my  liking.  I  found 
what  I  was  looking  for,  and  we  decided 
to  get  “Misty  of  the  Glen,”  18009,  who 
was  then  about  one  year  old.  He  was 
crated  and  then  sent  to  Providence  by 
boat,  where  we  met  him  and  brought 
him  out  eight  miles  to  the  farm  in  a 
lumber  wagon,  crate  and  all,  much  to 
the  delight  of  the  street  urchins  in  the 
city,  who  had  never  happened  to  see 
a  bull  getting  a  ride  before. 

It  had  always  been  my  idea  that  a 
bull  should  have  some  kind  of  exercise, 
to  keep  him  in  good  form  for  service 
and  also  for  his  own  good  physically,  so 
I  interested  my  herdsman,  an  Italian, 
who  is  very  kind  with  the  cattle,  in  some 
pictures  sent  me  by  the  Guernsey  Club, 
showing  several  bulls  at  work,  and  told 
him  that  I  wished  him  to  teachC'Misty” 
to  work  also.  A  few  days  later,  after 
the  fright  and  excitement  of  the  trip 
had  disappeared,  we  gave  our  young 
bull  his  first  lesson  in  harness.  We  took 
one  of  the  extra  single  harnesses  from 
the  horse  barn  and  by  taking  up  the 
straps  where  it  needed  it,  we  finally  got 
the  harness  to  fit  the  bull  first  rate.  We 
used  all  of  the  harness  except  the  bridle 
and  in  its  place  we  used  a  small  halter 
and  snapped  the  reins  to  the  rings  in 
the  halter,  which  are  on  both  sides  of 
the  mouthpiece.  The  first  day’s  work 
was  simple  and  easy.  The  young  bull 
was  first  led  down  the  lane  (one-fourth 
mile)  and  then  on  the  way  back  he 
pulled  along  a  fencepost  hitched  to  a 
whiffletree.  Each  day  he  was  taught  to 
do  a  little  more  work,  or  go  a  longer 
distance,  and  soon  we  left  off  leading 
him  and  he  learned  to  be  guided  by 
the  reins  only.  At  first  he  only  pulled 
after  him  a  few  fence  posts,  but  now 
he  is  larger,  stronger  and  understands 
more  thoroughly  his  work,  so  we  let  him 
pull  the  stone  drag  with  a  moderate 
load,  and  also  bring  in  fodder  and  food 
for  the  20  cows  in  our  herd.  He  almost 
does  the  work  of  an  extra  horse,  and 
when  he  is  older  I  feel  sure  that  he 
will  easily  do  the  equivalent  of  a  horse. 
At  present  he  does  his  work  in  a  little 
two-wheel  cart,  made  by  his  keeper  from 
refuse  material,  the  wheels  coming  from 
an  old  hay-loader,  but  soon  he  will  be 
taught  to  manage  a  larger  wagon,  pro¬ 
bably  the  lumber  wagon.  We  have 
never  had  any  trouble  in  teaching  him 
anything  that  was  right  for  him  to  do, 
and  we  were  always  gentle  but  firm  with 
him,  as  I  do  not  believe  in  being  rough 
with  young  animals.  Aside  from  being 
an  asset  as  a  draught  animal,  next  Sum¬ 
mer  ought  to  see  a  select  lot  of  grade 
Guernsey  calves  sired  by  him,  and  out 
of  some  good  grade  cows. 

Rhode  Island.  j.  f.  comstock. 

Some  Difficulties  in  Churning. 

What  temperature  should  cream  be  in 
order  to  get  the  butter  to  come  quickly, 
and  also  what  was  the  cause  of  my  cream 
taking  two  hours  to  churn?  The  cream 
has  been  standing  three  days  in  a  cold 
cellar.  I  then  stood  it  in  a  warm  kitchen. 
Let  me  know  what  the  trouble  was.  Is 
there  anything  that  I  can  put  in  butter 
to  take  away  a  grassy  taste  or  a  strong 
taste  caused  by  the  change  of  feeding  and 
also  what  is  it  that  the  creameries  use 
to  give  their  butter  that  rich  fellow 
look?  Can  you  tell  me  how  many  quarts 
of  cream  a  40-quart  can  of  milk  will 
make  with  ordinary  cows?  l.  m. 

New  Jersey. 

There  are  many  causes  why  cream  is 
sometimes  difficult  to  churn.  Cream 
made  from  the  milk  of  cows  nearly  dry, 
or  well  advanced  in  the  period  of  lacta¬ 
tion,  is  often  difficult  to  churn.  An 
abnormal  condition  of  the  cow  or  cows 
or  the  presence  of  certain  forms  of  bac¬ 
teria  may  also  cause  trouble.  Probably 
the  most  common  cause  of  difficult 
churning  is  trying  to  churn  cold  cream, 
and  I  think  that  this  is  probably  why 
you  are  afflicted.  You  should  have  a 
dairy  thermometer,  which  can  be  pur¬ 


chased  for  25  cents,  so  that  you  will  be 
able  to  control  the  temperature  of  your 
cream.  When  it  is  brought  from  the 
cellar,  warm  it  to  a  temperature  of 
about  70  degrees  and  hold  it  there  for 
12  hours  at  least,  or  until  it  has  a  pro¬ 
nounced  acid  taste.  Sometimes  it  is  ad¬ 
visable,  especially  in  cold  weather,  to 
add  a  little  good  buttermilk,  or  a  lactic 
acid  ferment  (which  can  be  bought)  to 
hasten  the  ripening.  Stir  the  cream 
well  when  warming  or  cooling  it,  and 
occasionally  while  it  is  ripening.  Try 
churning  at  60  degrees,  but  if  you  still 
find  difficulty  raise  the  temperature  to 
68  or  70  degrees.  I  know  of  nothing 
which  can  be  put  in  cream  to  take  away 
strong  flavors.  The  “grassy”  taste, 
which  is  often  noticable  when  cows  are 
first  turned  on  heavy  Fall  feed,  will 
disappear  in  a  few  days.  Butter  color 
may  be  purchased  from  dairy  supply 
stores  and  also  from  some  druggists. 
Cream  may  test  all  the  way  from  15% 
to  40%  or  more  of  butter  fat,  so  it  is  a 
very  indefinite  article.  A  40-quart  can 
of  milk  testing  4%  butter  fat  will  make 
a  little  more  than  six  quarts  of  25% 
cream.  Four  per  cent  milk  and  25% 
cream  may  be  considered  about  an  aver¬ 
age.  c.  s.  M. 


Purebred  Cattle  and  Milk, 

I  would  like  to  make  a  few  remarks  rela¬ 
tive  to  Mr.  Arfman’s  article  on  page  1142, 
taking  the  standpoint,  not  of  a  breeder  or 
a  prospective  breeder  of  thoroughbreds,  but 
that  of  the  prospective  purchaser  of  cows 
that  are  expected  to  pay  their  profits  from 
milk  and  butter  production.  I  think  that 
in  taking  this  view  I  am  in  the  position 
of  the  majority  of  farmers.  Mr.  Arfman 
himself  gives  the  very  reason  that  keeps  so 
many  scrubs  and  so  few  purebreds  in  the 
ordinary  dairies.  No  farmer  can  pay  such 
prices  as  Mr.  Arfman  holds  his  cattle  at 
and  expect  to  make  a  profit  from  milk 
and  butter  alone.  He  must  look  for  his 
profit  in  the  selling  of  the  offspring,  the 
same  as  Mr.  Arfman  does,  and  in  so  doing 
he  becomes  not  a  dairyman  but  a  breeder. 
On  the  other  hand,  if  the  average  farmer 
pays  such  prices  as  will  give  him  a  profit 
on  milk  and  butter  production  alone,  Mr. 
Arfman  plainly  says  that  he  might  as  well 
buy  scrubs,  as  they  are  as  likely  to  be 
good  producers  as  the  cheap  purebred.  The 
ordinary  dairy  has  great  room  for  improve¬ 
ment,  there  is  no  denying  that,  and  Mr. 
Arfman’s  cattle  are  from  famous  milkers 
and  will  without  doubt  be  famous  milkers 
themselves.  I  do  not  evade  that  point  either, 
but  if  I  were  located  near  Mr.  Arfman  and 
wanted  to  improve  my  herd’s  milk  produc¬ 
tion,  how  could  I  afford  to  do  it?  If  I 
paid  $200  for  the  service  of  the  bull  It 
would  take  three  or  four  years’  profit  to 
pay  it,  which  makes  the  idea  impossible,  as 
my  cows  must  feed  and  clothe  me.  or  else 
I  cannot  keep  them.  If  I  use  a  bull  I  can 
pay  for  I  do  not  get  the  quality. 

The  purebred  game  is  theoretically  cor¬ 
rect  and  practically  all  wrong.  What  the 
country  needs  is  not  cows  with  a  long  pedi¬ 
gree,  but  milkers  from  a  milking  family 
and  at  a  price  that  is  not  prohibitive  to 
profit.  I  do  not  blame  the  breeders  for 
getting  all  they  can  ;  we  all  do  thatf  but 
I  am  endeavoring  to  say  a  word  in  defense 
of  the  farmer  of  ordinary  means  who  is 
continually  abused  by  the  breeders  and 
agricultural  schools  for  not  investing  money 
he  does  not  have,  in  cows  that  will  not 
pay  unless  he  turns  breeder.  Let  me  point 
out  that  in  selling  milk  at  a  low  price  from 
high-priced  cows  there  is  a  difference  be¬ 
tween  large  production  and  large  profit. 
The  trouble  is  that  the  heavy  milkers  cost 
too  much  to  be  profitable  and  the  cheap 
ones  do  not  give  the  milk  to  make  a  profit 
on.  What  is  the  solution? 

Cook  Co.,  Ill.  BRUCH  SIDMORE. 


Winter  Care  of  Horses. 

It  is  true  the  use  of  automobiles  is 
on  the  increase,  and  many  farmers  are 
buying  and  using  them,  but  the  horse  must 
be  depended  upon  to  do  most  of  the  work 
on  the  farm.  In  most  of  the  older  sections 
there  is  but  little  work  for  this  useful  ani¬ 
mal  during  the  Winter  months.  Yet  this  is 
no  reason  why  the  horse  should  not  have 
good  care  in  Winter  as  well  as  Summer. 
Many  may  think  they  are  treating  their 
horses  with  the  utmost  kindness  if  they 
give  them  plenty  to  eat  and  drink,  a  good 
warm  stable  with  plenty  of  bedding  to  lie 
on,  and  also  groom  them  every  day.  While 
all  this  treatment  is  proper  and  essential, 
yet  to  the  mind  of  the  writer,  in  some 
other  way  many  horses  are  ill-treated,  and 
that  is,  by  keeping  them  tied  up  in  the 
stable  day  after  day  during  the  Winter 
months  when  there  is  little  work  to  do. 
Unless  it  is  storming  hard  a  horse  should 
be  turned  out  every  day  and  be  given  a 
good  chance  to  roll  and  exercise,  and  he 
will  come  out  in  good  shape  for  work  in 
the  Spring.  j.  r. 


Perclieron  and  Beloian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 

at  farmers’  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Rpute  1, 
Middlefield,  O.  Railroad  station.  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  Penna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O, 


Having:  Just  Arrived  from  tlie  New 
York  State  Fair  with  a  Lot  of 

PREMIUM  HORSES 

We  are  now  ready  for  business  at  prices  never 
heard  of  before.  'We  have  both  Imported  and 
Home-Bred  Registered 

PERCHERONS  ONLY 

Prices— $350  to  $750  on  Mares,  according 
to  age,  weight  and  size. 
Stallions  from  $500  to  $2,000. 

These  prices  include  the  Great  Stallion  NOGEN- 
TAIS,  winning  first  with  three  of  his  get;  also  the 
5-year-old  Staliion  ROULE,  winning  the  4-year-old 
and  over  class  with  14  animals  in  the  ring. 

We  have  on  hand  in  all  about  SIXTY  HEAD 
Don’t  wait  to  write— come  and  see  us  at  once.  No 
peaches  and  cream,  but  plenty  of  plums,  and  plumb 
good  ones. 

D.  J.  GRINDELL.  Kenton.  Ohio 


GREAT 


ANNUAL 


SALE! 


TO  BE  HELD  AT  THE  NOTED 

SHARON  VALLEY  STOCK  FARM,  Newark,  Ohio 
On  Friday  and  Saturday,  Dec.  8th  and  9th,  1911 

inf!  Belgian,  Perclieron  &  German  mn 
I UU  Coach  Stallions  and  Mares  I UU 

Mares  liave  all  been  bi-ed,  both  Belgian  and  Per- 
cheron,  to  the  very  best  stallions  of  the  land.  A 
large  per  cent  of  these  mares  have  been  carefully 
mated,  and  anyone  lucky  enough  to  get  a  pair  of 
them  has  a  fortune  in  his  hand  if  properly  taken 
care  of.  These  mares  run  in  age  2  and  3  years  old, 
colors— bays,  blacks,  greys  and  chestnuts,  weighing 
from  1500  to  1800  lbs.  each. 

It  is  to  the  interest  of  every  prosperous  man  to 
attend  this  sale.  Bad  weather  makes  no  interfer¬ 
ence,  as  the  sale  is  held  in  the  barn.  SIXTY  head 
of  these  mares  will  arrive  just  four  days  before 
this  sale.  Terms  will  be  known  on  day  of  sale. 
Send  6  cents  and  get  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

The  Sharon  Valley  Stock  Farm  is  so  well  and 
favorably  known  for  good  stallions  and  mares, 
with  fair  dealings,  that  any  further  comments  are 
useless  to  say  to  the  people. 

Free  conveyances  to  and  from  the  farm. 

Do  not  fail  to  come  and  bring  your  friends. 


COL.  GEO.  W.  CRAWFORD 
Proprietor  of  Sharon  Valley  Stock  Farm,  NEWARK,  OHIO 
F.  W.  ANDREWS,  Auctioneer. 

Both  Phones — Citizens  1252  ;  Bell  651  W. 


Learn 

about  the 

Guernsey 

Cow 


The  Most  Economical  Production  of  the 
Highest  Class  of  Dairy  Products,  excell¬ 
ing  in  Natural  Color  and  Good  Flavor. 

fThe  Pan  American  Dairy  Breed  Test, 
J  The  Iowa  Dairy  Cow  Contest, 

WON  inpartial  Experiment  Station  Trials. 

The  Guernsey  was  the  First  Breed  to  establish 
an  Advanced  Register  on  basis  _  of  Years 
Records  with  Public  Supervision. 

An  average  of  over  1200  official  years  records  show  : 

8070  lbs.  Milk  410  lbs.  Butter  Fat 

(Equivalent  to  460  lbs.  butter) 

AVERAGE  PER  CENT.  BUTTER  FAT  5.03 
Full  information  regarding  the  breed  by  writing 

The  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club 

Sox  R,  PETERBORO,  N.  H. 


LIVE  STOCK  PROFITS 


depend  upon  the  feed  and  care.  The  feed 
importance.  Roots  have  their 
place  In  the  feeding  economy 
of  every  barn  and  stable. 

BANNER  ROOT  GUTTERS 

prepare  roots  quicker  and  In  bet¬ 
ter  form  for  feeding  to  all  kinds  of 
stock  than  they  can  be  prepared  in  any 
other  way.  Takes  a  half-round  chip 
out  of  the  root.  No  slicing,  cubing  or 
grinding.  Nothing  can  choke  on  the  ‘'ban¬ 
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Prices  within  easy  reach  of  any  man  owning  any 
stock  of  any  kind.  Write  for  book  of  facts 
O.  E.  THOMPSON  &  SONS,  Ypsilanti,  Michigan 


Boils  4  Bushels  of  Potatoes 
in  lO  Minutes 

and  that  with  very  little  fuel. 

Farmers’  Favorite 

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Guaranteed  to  please  or  your  money 
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Lewis  Mfg.  Co.,  Box  C  Cortland,  N.V. 


COOK  YOUR  FEED  and  SAVE 
Half  the  Cost— with  the 

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for  particulars  and  ask  for  circular  J 

D.  It.  SPERRY  &  00..  Batavia.  Hi. 


ROBERTSON’S  CHAIN 
HANGING  STANCHIONS 

“I  have  used  them  for  more 
than  TWENTY  YE.UIS,  and  they 
have  given  the  very  test  of  satis¬ 
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Justus  IT.  Cooley,  M.D.,  Plainfield 
Sanitarium,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

Thirty  days’  trial  on  application 
O.  II.  RORERTSOX 
Wash.  St.,  Forestvllle,  Conn. 


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STANCHIONS 

Increase  Your  Dairy  Profit 
Makes  cows  comfortable.  Save  time 
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Write  for  our  prices  and  illus¬ 
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FOSTER  STEEL  STANCHION  CO. 
BOG  Insurance  Bldg.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


December  16, 

WriEN  you  write  advertisers  mention  Thh 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


BLOOD 

TONICS 


Full  /  \V 
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■  Keep  Your  Animals 
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■  The  only  way  you  can  save  feed  and 
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by  perfecting  their  digestion  and 
purifying  their  blood.  Don't  make  the 
mistake  of  using  an  old  style  “All-in. 
One”  conditioner.  Use 

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an  individual  preparation  foreacli  kind 
of  animal,  Blood  Tonic  for  horses  only. 
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Producer  for  Poultry  only.  Blood  Tonic 
for  hogs  only.  Each  preparation  is 
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meet  the  individual  require¬ 
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for 
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Philadelphia, 

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[Dealers  write 
| — good  prop¬ 
osition  — 
easy  sales 


Standard  Veterinary  Remedy 
In  Uae  21  Years 


Trade  Mark 
Registered 


H  EAVES  CURED 

NEWTON’S  REMEDY  Coughs,  Distempers. 

Safe,  positive  cure  that  is  Cuarantood  for 
Heaves.  It  gets  at  the  root  of  the  trouble.  A 
scientific  remedy  for  indigestion,  which  is  the  real 
cause  of  heaves.  Heaves  affect  the  lungs  only 
indirectly.  Newton’s  Remedy  drives  out  infos- 
final  worms  and  is  an  excellent  stomach  and 
bowel  conditioner.  Book  explains  fully,  free.  $1 
per  can,  at  dealers’,  or  sent  direct,  prepaid. 
THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


SAVE-THE-HORSU 

r  r*  wnTAm,  — — ATT— — — — M 


SAVE-THE-HORSE  BOOK  is  on  ency¬ 
clopedia  of  practical  and  complete  references.  It  Is 
the  latest,  most  reliable  and  highest  authority.  It  Is 
Bclentlflo  but  not  technical.  Takes  in  every  scope 
and  character  of  diseases  causing  lameness. 

Tobias,  Ncbr  .  June  4th,  1911. 

Troy  Chemical  Co.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y.— A  year  and  a  half 
ago  I  had  a  bottle  of  your  spavin  remedy.  1  cured  my  borso 
with  it  and  then  gave  what  1  had  left  of  it  to  a  Iriend  who  had 
a  mule  with  a  spavin,  which  veterinarians  had  failed  to  cure. 
My  friend  today  says,  '*  It’s  certainly  a  sure  cure.  ’  Find  $5  00 
for  another  bottle,  tip  Very  truly,  Tur.o.  K aooKS. 

»When  discriminating,  cautious,  hardhended  bank, 
era,  farmers  and  business  men  write  for  information 
and  then  select  “  Save-the-Horse  '•  from  tho  mass  of 
remedies  presented,  and  these  are  the  kind  of  men 
our  testimonials  are  from,  la  there  need  to  ask  why  ? 

PYDFDT  AnVIPF  FPFF  Detcrlbo  case.  Wo’ll  advise 
CArLlVl  AUlILL  I  IvLL  frankly  and  clearly  what  to  do 
f*  a  bottle,  with  a  contract  to  absolutely  and  porma- 
JS  nently  cure  Bona  and  Bog  Spavin,  Thoroughpin,  Ringbone 

(except  low).  Curb,  Splint,  Capped  Hock,  Wmdpuff,  Shoe 
Boil,  Injured  Tendons  and  all  lamenasa  or  refund  tba  money.  No  scat 
or  loss  of  hair.  Horse  works  as  usual. 

$5  el  all  Druggist!  or  Dealers  and  Etpress  Paid. 

TSOI  CUEmCAL  CO  24  Commercial  Ave.,  Binghamton,  A,  Y* 


SILOS 


The  kind  “Uncle  Sam”  uses,  best 
and  cheapest.  Send  for  catalog. 

HARDER  MFC.  CO. 

Box  1  1  ,  Cobioskill,  N.  Y. 


Continuous  Opening 
Best  Materials 
Braced  Doot  Frame 
Adjustable  Doors 
Permanent  Ladder 
Three  Styles 
Five  kinds  lumber 


Unadilla  Silos 
are  the  best 


/ 


Give  superior  silage.  Possess  best  con¬ 
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free  catalogue.  Agents  wanted. 

Unadilla  Silo  Co.,  Box  C-  Unadilla,  N.  Y. 


IllUll-IIIW; 

iiuisiai! 


$3,000,000 

Will  be  saved  this  winter  to  the 
15,000  users  of  Indiana  Silos.  Are 
you  getting  your  share?  There 
is  another  winter  coming.  Our 

best  salesmen  are  the  15,000 
Indiana  Silos  now  in  use. 

SILO  PROFITS 

Written  by  over  two  hundred  of  the  best  breeders, 
feeders  and  farmers  in  the  world.  "Tells  how  they 
greatly  increased  their  profits.”  j8®*Write  for  this 
valuable  book  and  our  new  catalog  now— FREE. 
Licensed  under  Harder  Patent  No.  627,732. 

INDIANA  SILO  COMPANY 

Tho  largest  manufactuierS  of  Silos  In  the  world. 
Address  nearest  factory : 

Union  Bldg.,  Anderson,  Indiana 
318  Indiana  Bldg.  Des  Moines,  Iowa 
Silo  Bldg.  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

,ry»Qood  Agents  wanted  everywhere. 


1911. 


1203 


MIL  ZS. 

The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $2.01 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  4%  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


Let's  see !  One  reason  given  by  the  Bor¬ 
dens  for  paying  less  for  milk  than' last  Win¬ 
ter  was  that  the  “butter  price”  of  milk 
was  lower.  The  answer  to  this  was  easy 
but  now  butter  is  higher  than  last  year. 
Therefore  the  “butter  price”  of  milk  must 
be  higher — but  has  anyone  heard  that  the 
Bordens  have  put  the  price  of  market  milk 
above  that  of  one  year  ago  ? 


In  regard  to  the  price  of  milk,  it  is  in  a 
rather  unsatisfactory  condition ;  feeds  sell¬ 
ing  at  $32  to  $34  and  most  of  us  getting 
$31  to  $32  a  ton  for  milk,  with  less  for 
February  and  March.  Some  are  getting 
18%  cents  net  in  the  15-cent  zone,  by 
reason  of  a  late  contract,  yet  the  men  are 
not  regular  shippers  as  a  rule  and  hence 
cannot  cut  much  of  a  figure.  They  may  be 
out  of  a  market  by  April.  Perhaps  you  can 
get  some  dealer  to  “explain”  why  the  best 
human  food  should  sell  for  less  per  ton 
than  cow  feed.  This  should  be  interesting 
reading,  if  you  can  get  it.  Don't  forget  to 
ask  him  what  becomes  of  the  difference  we 
get  and  the  amount  the  city  man  pays. 
Farmers  near  Cleveland  are  organizing  to 
control  prices  or  market  their  own  milk. 
Of  course  inspectors  are  on  the  go.  con¬ 
stantly  adding  regulations  that  cost  money 
and  no  increase  do  we  get  for  the  enhanced 
value  of  the  milk.  Oh,  yes.  this  is  a  great 
country,  but  it  will  be  vastly  greater  when 
we  get  what  is  due  the  producer.  We  will 
have  some  genuine  progress  and  prosperity 
in  the  country  then.  Shall  we  have  that 
short  of  a  cooperative  commonwealth?  If 
so,  lets  see  some  of  it  coming  mighty  soon. 

Orville,  O.  A.  H. 

R.  N.-Y. — Our  experience  thus  far  in  get¬ 
ting  dealers  to  “explain”  has  not  been  very 
encouraging.  They  are  not  likely  to  answer 
the  question  unless  they  are  very  sick,  or 
are  being  squeezed  out  of  business  by  rivals. 


I  wish  to  add  my  “mite”  to  the  remarks 
of  H.  O.  M.  on  page  1124,  as  to  why 
small  dairies  fail.  His  description  of  the 
situation  of  his  town  corresponds  quite  well 
with  mine.  I  believe  that  the  reason  wny 
small  dairies  go  out  of  business  is  not  so 
much  on  account  of  “don’ts”  as  “won'ts.” 
In  our  nearby  city  the  peddlers  who  make 
their  own  milk  retail  for  eight  cents  per 
quart,  which  should  mean  40  cents  per  can 
to  the  producer,  while  the  peddlers  who 
buy  milk  retail  for  seven  cents,  and  refuse 
to  raise  the  price.  Why?  Just  won’t! 
It  would  mean  nothing  to  them  except 
more  money  to  handle.  Here  are  some  ex¬ 
cuses.  One  says,  “The  quality  of  milk 
furnished  does  not  warrant  a  raise.”  The 
seven-cent  milk  as  well  as  the  eight-cent  is 
inspected  and  tested  by  both  city  and 
State  officials,  and  must  be  up  to  standard, 
or  the  peddler  would  be  invited  to  quit 
business.  Why  does  not  he  tell  his  farm¬ 
ers,  “I  am  going  to  get  eight  cents  per 
quart  for  the  milk  and  will  give  you  38  or 
40  cents  a  can  instead  of  31  to  33  cents.” 
As  it  is  31  to  33  cents  is  simply  a  starvation 
price.  One  peddler,  and  he  is  an  officer 
in  the  Massachusetts  Cattle  Owners’  Asso¬ 
ciation,  remarked  to  me  a  few  days  ago 
when  I  asked  him  about  the  price  of  milk, 
“I  am  going  up  to  eight  cents  the  first  of 
the  month  on  the  milk  I  make,  but  not  on 
what  I  buy,  as  I  hardly  feel  that  I  could 
warrant  that.”  Why?  Is  not  that  a  nice 
remark  for  a  high  official  in  a  society  that 
is  trying  to  do  so  much  to  better  the  con¬ 
dition  of  the  farmer?  He  does  not  have 
to  warrant  the  milk  if  it  passes  the  in¬ 
spectors,  does  he?  Just  won’t! 

Massachusetts.  C.  L.  A. 


Cows  bring  from  $25  to  $50  according 
to  grade,  the  highest  figure  being  for  good 
size  Ilolsteins.  Fresh  cows  are  $50  to  $60  ; 
horses  from  $125  to  $200 ;  hay  $18:  oats. 
48  and  50  cents ;  corn,  36  cents  per  bushel 
ears;  buckwheat,  54  cents  bushel;  $1.30 
per  100  on  board  ears.  No  silage  or  manure 
sold  in  this  section.  Potatoes,  80  cents  on 
board  cars  and  $1  in  Erie  market.  Hogs, 
alive,  5%  ;  dressed,  eight  and  8%.  Apples, 
Erie  market,  75  and  80  cents.  October 
milk  at  local  cheese  factory  netted  the 
patrons  $1.35  per  100  pounds.  Butter  at 
store,  27  cents ;  Erie  market,  35  to  38 
cents ;  fresh  eggs,  50  per  dozen,  c.  J.  G. 

Erie  Co.,  Pa. 


There  have  been  very  few  auction  sales 
held  here  this  Fall.  Most  cattle  are  sold 
as  stockers  and  shipped  to  the  corn  belt 
farther  north.  Prices  were  around  four 
cents  ;  milch  cows,  $35  to  $60  ;  sheep,  ewes, 
$2  to  $3  per  head ;  wethers,  2%  to  three 
cents  per  pound  ;  hogs,  fat.  six  cents ;  pigs, 
six  to  eight  weeks  old,  $2.50  to  $3  per  head. 
Butter  is  sold  principally  at  the  country 
stores  at  20  cents  per  pound  now  ;  eggs,  36 
cents  per  dozen ;  chickens,  eight  cents  per 
pound  ;  turkeys.  12%  cents  for  the  Thanks¬ 
giving  trade.  Hay  a  very  short  crop,  $20 
per  ton  ;  wheat  straw,  $8.  There  are  not 
very  many  silos  in  this  country  ;  some  are 
being  built  the  last  two  or  three  years. 
There  is  no  milk  sold  in  this  township,  so 
there  are  no  prices.  Apples  are  selling 
from  50  to  80  cents  per  bushel.  There 
was  a  crop  of  fine  fruit  this  year.  There 
is  a  great  awakening  in  the  fruit  business. 

Alice,  Ohio.  F.  A.  w. 


Cows  at  auction  sales  in  this  section 
bring  from  $25  to  $35  for  those  coming 
fresh  from  April  to  June  next.  Those  com¬ 
ing  fresh  from  now  until  February,  $35  to 
$55  is  the  price.  flood  quality  Timothy 
hay  is  now  worth  $20  per  ton,  f.  o.  b.  at 
railroad.  Cannot  give  price  on  silage  or 
manure,  as  it  is  sold  by  the  lump  at  sales ; 
no  established  price.  Milk  bought  at  Rum- 
merfield  station  on  L.  V.  R.  R.  is  shipped 
to  New  York  City.  The  following  prices 
have  been  paid  since  April.  1911.  Note  the 
price  sometimes  change  during  same 
month;  April,  $1.18  and  $1.06  per  hun¬ 
dred;  May.  $1.06;  June.  94  cents;  July, 
$1.05  and  $1.17;  August,  $1.17  and  $1.29: 
September,  $1.29;  October,  $1.52.  Many  of 
our  largest  milk  producers  are  going  out  of 
the  milk  business.  With  high  prices  of 
milk  producing  feeds  of  all  kinds,  scarcity 
of  competent  help,  and  strict  requirements 


THE  RURA.lv  NEW-YORKER 


for  running  a  dairy,  they  are  finding  that 
their  ledgers  balance  on  the  wrong  side, 
while  milk  consumers  in  the  city  are  com¬ 
plaining  of  high,  prices  of  milk,'  and  think 
the  farmers  getting  easy  money.  They 
should  come  out  here  and  learn  to  farm 
and  enjoy  country  life  and  make  money 
“easy."  There  is  plenty  of  opportunity; 
they  would  at  least  get  an  experience  that 
might  be  of  much  benefit  to  themselves 
and  the  farming  community  also. 

Camptown,  Pa.  '  j.  w.  H. 

The  following  are  about  the  average  prices 
here:  Fat  cattle  four  to  six  cents;  cows 
$40  to  $60;  fat  hogs,  six  cents;  chickens  10 
cents;  hay  $16  to  $18;  wheat  95  cents; 
oats  55  cents ;  corn  SO  cents ;  potatoes  80 
cents ;  onions  $1  ;  apples  60  cents ;  milk 
four  cents.  g.  w.  e. 

East  Springfield,  Pa. 


Horses  from  $50  on  up  to  $250 ;  cows 
ax-e  selling  from  $25  to  $40;  sheep  $3.50 
to  $4  a  head  :  hay  varies ;  at  sales  it 
goes  from  $10  to  $16  a  ton  ;  at  the  barns 
straw  is  worth  from  $8  to  $10  a  ton. 
Silage  is  something  that  I  do  not  know 
much  about:  silos  are  very  scarce  in  our 
township.  Meadville  is  our  county  seat ; 
milk  sells  there  for  eight  cents  a  quart. 
Eggs  sell  from  25  to  30  cents  a  dozen. 
Butter  28  to  32  eents.  Potatoes  from  75 
cents  to  80  cents  a  bushel.  Apples  from 
50  cents  to  75  cents  a  bushel.  Peaches 
sold  from  75  cents  to  $1.25  a  bushel. 
Plums  sold  from  75  cents  to  $1.50.  Pears 
from  50  cents  to  a  $1  a  bushel.  Pears 
were  a  great  crop.  Wheat  is  $1  a  bushel. 
Oats  40  cents.  Buckwheat  $1.20  a  hundred. 
Farms  are  selling  from  $20  on  up  to  $50 
an  acre,  owing  to  the  buildings.  Farm  help 
is  $20  a  month  for  eight  months.  We  live 
in  Crawford  County.  j.  m. 

Cochranton,  Pa. 


Prices  in  this  section  are  about  as  fol¬ 
lows :  At  safes  hay  brings  $16  to  $18; 
corn  in  shock.  40  to  45  cents  ;  fodder,  four 
cents  bundled  (no  silage  sold)  ;  straw  sold 
in  stack  or  mow  and  brings  big  prices. 
Horses,  slow  sale  because  of  high  price  of 
feed,  bring  from  $60  to  $145  ;  cows.  $25  to 
$55.  Butchers  pay  5%  cents  alive  or  eignt 
dressed  for  hogs.  Not  much  sale  for  poul¬ 
try  at  present.  Not  much  dairying  in  this 
section ;  those  who  keep  dairies  separate 
milk  at  home  and  ship  cream  to  Conneaut, 
Ohio,  or  Erie,  Pa.  They  offer  15  cents  a 
gallon  for  milk  at  Conneaut  Creamery,  and 
33  cents  a  pound  for  butter  fat  in  cream. 
Potatoes  are  bringing  80  cents  at  the  car 
and  price  going  up ;  eggs  bring  34  cents  at 
store,  butter  30  cents.  Not  many  apples 
sold  here ;  not  much  spraving  done,  and 
fruit  is  not  perfect.  This  is  a  good  fruit 
section,  but  farmers  are  slow  to  go  into 
it,  as  they  do  not  understand  it,  but  some 
are  putting  out  quite  a  few  trees. 

Springfield,  Pa.  a.  a.  a 


The  Milch  Goat. — The  foreigners  who 
are  the  owners  of  goats  near  cities  pav  little 
attention  to  improving  the  quality  of  their 
goats,  and  it  is  difficult  to  find  good  ones. 
One  has  to  locate  good  milkers  In  the  Spring 
when  they  are  in  their  flush,  and  cannot  be 
bought,  and  buy  them  in  the  Fall,  otherwise 
one  has  to  depend  on  representations  which 
are  not  usually  reliable.  I  never  took  much 
interest  in  goats  until  last  Spring,  when  I 
had  a  little  grand-daughter  which  was  not 
thriving  on  artificial  foods,  and  since  that 
have  been  busy.  When  I  breed  anv  kind  of 
live  stock  I  want  it  first  class  of  its  kind. 
You  will  see  from  the  above  mat  I  have  not 
had  enough  experience  with  goats  to  fur¬ 
nish  your  readers  with  much  but  second¬ 
hand  information,  and  when  I  write  any¬ 
thing  want  it  strictly  reliable,  and  from  my 
own  experience.  When  I  deem  mvself  well 
enough  qualified  I  may  send  you  my  experi¬ 
ence.  M.  A.  NICHOLLS. 

New  York. 


J'l°J , 


Get  This  Book  i 
BEFORE  You 
Put  Up  Any 

Read  what  Ex- 1  _ 

I  I  II  pertinent  Stations  say.  Read 
II  ■  III  Lansing  Silos  are  made.  Then  you’li\ 
■  “W  know  why  careful  farmers  ciiooso| 

LANSING  SILOS 

w —  ,  -J  clprOregonfirandchoiceoi6othergoodl 
r-n  ™°dS-  S,.fe!  Hoops  and  Draw  Lugs,  Continuous^ 

[  Doorway,  with  Ladder  Front.  Writeforbookuowj. 

Severance  Tank  &  SUo  Co. 

JJo pt.329  Lansing,  Mich,, 


CATTLE 


Breed  Up— Not  DowrJ,'oTc.“”"«“’£ 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sites.  R.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street.  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Milk  Prndlirprc  for  New  York  City  market 
lUlin  riUUUUJrjt  desiring  information  bow  to 
form  branches  of  the  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
Ihe  Secretary,  Albert  Manning  Otisville,  N.  Y. 


Young 


..WE  HAVE  A  FEW... 

BULLS  FOR  SALE 

THAT  ARE  READY  FOR  SERVICE. 

THEY  ARE  FROM  ADVANCED  REGISTRY 
DAMS,  AND  BY  ONE  OF  THE  BEST  SIRES 
OF  THE  HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN  BREED. 
WE  ARE  SHORT  OF  ROOM  AND  WILL 
MAKE  PRICES  ON  THESE  FELLOWS 
THAT  WILL  SURELY  MOVE  THEM. 

Write  for  Pedigrees  and  Prices. 

WOODCREST  FARM 

Km  ON,  N.  V. 


REG.  HOLSTEIN  MALE  CALVES 


Closely  related  to  champions  of  the  world 
at  farmers’  prices.  Fine  individuals,  nicely 
marked.  Fifty  per  cent  below  value. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Write  to-day.  _ 

F.  H.  R1VENBURGH,  H1LLHURST  FARM.  MUNNSVILLE,  N.  Y 


I 


I 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


£3  "XKT  X  3NT  ZES 

KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

...  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 

sunny’bankfarm 

BERKSHIRES 

We  are  offering  for  a  limited  time  only, 
choice  8- weeks  old  BOARS,  sired  by  son  of 
MASTERPIECE  77000,  out,  of  sows  of' ROYAL 
breeding.  $11.00  registered. 

A.  F.  JONES,  P.  0.  Box  117,  Bridgehampton,  N.  Y. 

start  right  grot;*.": 
HIGH-BRED  BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

Bred  for  Utility  of  the  Best  Strains. 

Write  for  particulars. 

CHERRY  HfLL  FRUIT  FARM,  Toboso,  Licking  Co.,  Ohio 

SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.- 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  toser- 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON.  Pioprietor,  Marbleriale,  Conn. 

COR  SALE— At  reasonable  prices— Twenty-eight 

1  young  REGISTERED  BERKSHIRE  PIGS  from 

6  weeks  to  4'months  old,  grandsons  and  daughters 
of  Master  Chief,  from  $10.00  up.  CH.  P  HATCH 
Plum  Beach  Farm,  Port  Washington,  Long  Island’ 

FASHIONABLY  BRED  BERKSHIRES 

A  few  Spring  and  Summer  PIGS  for  sale  at  rea-  1 
sonable  prices.  Dr.  J.  R.  ALLEN,  Orwell,  N.  Y. 

1  AKGK  BERKSHIRE  AT  It  Id  It  W  0011 — During  each  of  the  past 

L  five  years  we  have  sold  more  reristereil  Berkshire*  than  anv 
other  breeder  in  the  United  States.  This  is  shown  by  the 
records  of  the  American  Berkshire  Association.  Wo  liavo  over 
400  registered  Berkahiree  and  invite  the  closest  Inspection. 
Special  offering  now  of  Service  Boars  et  from  J2:,  up  We  are 
breeding  80  yonng  Sows  that  will  be  sold  showing  Safe  with 
pig.  u.  C.  &  H.  B.  HARPENDING,  Duhdee,  N.  Y. 

LARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  R0SEDALE 

SER\  ICE  BOAR,  10  months  old.  SOWS  safe  in  pig 
to  our  groat  herd  Boar,  a  son  of  Berryton  Duke 
Jr.,  a  world-famous  boar  which  sold  for  $500  at  8 
yrs.  old.  Spring,  1912,  Pigs  by  this  boar  out  of  fancy 
sows.  Prices  reasonable.  Rosedale  Farm  Jarrytown,  N.Y, 

GIVEN  A  Berkshire  or  Duroc  Pig  for  a  few 
,  "  hours  of  your  time,  stamp  for  parti¬ 

culars.  PDNNA,  BKKKS1IIRK  COMPANY, 
Kannettsburg,  Pennsylvania. 

Mill  F-FflflT  and0-  LC-  FALL  PIGS,  eligible 

•*  to  registry.  Prices  right.  Qual¬ 

ity  best.  c.  T.  GOODWIN,  Medina,  Ohio. 

OHIO  BLUE  RIBBON  HERD  MULE  FOOT  HOGS 

Hy  Largest  prize  winning  show  and  breeding  herd. 
Foundation  stock  of  all  agos.  Seven  big  Herd 

Boar®.  JOHN  II.  DUNLAP,  llox  R,  WILLIAMSPORT,  OHIO. 

CAD  CM  |T~25  Chester  White  Boars,  weight 
■  wHLt  226  lbs.  each.  These  young  Boars 

are  sired  by  Sunny  Jim,  No.  15625,  t lie  greatest 
Chester  White  sire  of  to-day.  Everyone  a  perfect 
individual.  Price  $25.69  each,  if  ordered  at  once. 

HEART’S  DELIGHT  FARM 

C.  K.  Hamilton,  Mgr.,  Cliazy,  New  York, 

CHESHI  RES — ' The  long,  deep-bodied,  white  bacon  hog; 

Write  your  wants.  E.  K.  MORSE,  Moravia,  N.  Y. 

Q  I  P  OF  SUPERIOR  QUALITY-Ang.  &  Sept.  Pigs, 

Ui  !■  U.  0  pairs  and  trios,  not  akin.  Registered  in 
buyer’s  name.  Fred  Nickel,  Monroe,  Mich.,  R.  No.  I. 

fl  T  P  —Three  four-months’  Boars,  100  lbs.  each, 
Ui  1  i  Ui  at  $10  each;  registered,  $11.  Valley  View 
Branch,  Maple  Glen  Poultry  Farm,  Millertou,  N.Y. 

niJRttf2S~  Prize  winners  and  descended 
******  from  prize  winners  of  the  best 
blood  of  the  breed.  Herd  long  established.  AH  ages 
Male  and  Female  For  Sale.  Pigs,  service  boars,  bred 
and  open  gilts  and  sows.  Priced  to  suit  the  ordinary 
fanner.  Write,  describing  what  you  want. 

A.  E.  FOSTER,  New  Salem,  Fairfield  Co.,  Ohio 

nilRfiP  JERSEY  SERVICE  BOARS-200  lbs. 
UUnUU  Bred  Gilts.  Jnne  BOARS  and  GILTS. 

0.  C.  MILLER,  Route  9,  Decatur,  Ind. 

CHELD0N  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
v  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars  Best  of  breeding. 

C.  K.  BAKNKS,  Oxford,  N.  Y. 

nilDflPC  THE  BIG»  fellows 

UUllUvO  that  grow  and  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHEN'ANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 

Dogs  and  Ferrets 

OCOTCH  COLLIE  PUPPIES  of  choicest  imported  blood, 

O  handsome  and  intelligent,  full  pedigreed,  at  rea¬ 
sonable  prices.  Clovernook  Stock  Farm,  Ciiambersburg,  Pa. 

P f|  1  1  IF  D || DC-From  imported  stock.  Females 
UULLIL  1  UI  O  cheap.  Nelson  Bros.  Grove  City,  Pa. 

FERRETS  FOR  SALEiSTSaiMffS 

DeKleine  Bros.,  Jamestown,  Michigan., 

CCDDCTC  FOR  SALE — Choice  stock.  Order  at  once 

1  LI1IILIO  while  the  supply  lasts.  Prices,  $4  per 
single  male,  $5  per  single  female.  $8  per  pair.  Send 
orders  to  KEEFER  BROTHERS,  Greenwich,  Ohio. 

Belgian 

CATTLE  | 


REG.  HOLSTEINS 

Superior  individuals,  deep,  heavy  milkers,  in  fine  con- 
Qitloii.  It  you  are  a  dealer,  you  can  please  your  custom¬ 
ers;  if  a  breeder,  or  beginner,  you  can  save  the  middle- 
man  s  profit.  Also,  one  of  the  best  bred  male  eulves 
in  this  country  and  other  mules  at  bargain  prices.  Write, 
ph^llek°^TCO,ne  and  see  me-  R-  R-  Stations,  Valley  Mills, 
on  (>.  A:  W.,  Vernon,  Syracuse  &  Utica  Electrics. 

F.  H.  RIVENBURGH,  Hillhnrst  Farm,  Munnsvilfe,  M.  Y. 

KrifHOLSTEINS 

mo  bied  tot  huge  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
su  es  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  < 'ORTELYOU,  Somerville  N.  J. 


OAKLAND  FARM  KOLSTEINS 

HNE  INDIVIDUALS— LARGE  PRODUCERS 

Choice  YOUNG  BULLS  For  Sale 

•  Write,  stating  just  what  you  want. 

T.  A.  MITClIELLt  \Vee«l*port,  N.  Y. 


READY  FOR  SERVICE-^™*™™ 

DE  KOL  4TH,  registered  show  Holstein,  born 
Deo.  5,  1910.  Nearly  all  white.  Prize  winner  at 
Fall  Fairs.  Price,  $100  f.  o.  b.  Send  for  pedigree. 
CLOVKRDALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

HOLSTEIN  BULL  CALVES  KS&f 

ter  Bov,  62725),  for  sale  cheap.  OSWEGO  RIVER 
STOCK  FARMS,  Phoenix,  New  York. 

UOLSJEINS — 10  heifers  and  2  bulls,  3  to  4  weeks  old, 
■*  I5*lUth  pure,  well  marked  and  from  heavy  milk- 
ers,  $10.00  each,  crated  for  shipment.  One  yearling 
bull,  $45.00.  Edgewood  Farm,  Route  7,  Whitewater,  Wis. 

FOR  SAIF  OR  EXCHANGE.  2  Grandsons  of  Heng- 
„  ,  ?rveld  De  Kol,  3  and  7  months  old 

for  Holstein  heifer  or  young  cow.  OH.  HACK  EL, 
Kitchawan,.  Westchester  County,  New  Y'ork. 

[dutchTeIted^cTtTle 

1  CHAS.  STEWART  DAVISON  ► 
4  60  Wall  St.,  New  York  City  > 

FLORHAM  GUERNSEYS .... 

Several  Yearling  Bulls  for  sale  at  very  moderate 
prices.  Pedigrees  and  photographs  furnished. 

J.  I,.  HOPE  Madison,  New  Jersey 


I  T  Y  ” 


“qua: _ _  _ 

FOR  SALE— THREE  RICHLY  BRED  YOUNG  JERSEY  BULLS 
DAMS  HAVING  YEARLY  AUTHENTICATED  RECORDS,  as  follows: 

Dam  of  No.  1,  8128.3  lbs.  milk  in  286  days, 

_  „  „  testing  527  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 

Dam  of  No.  2,  11265.3  lbs.  milk  hi  365  days, 

_  . ,,  testing  701  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 

Dam  of  No.  3,  12840.6  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

testing  803  lbs.  10  oz.  butter 
Write  for  deseription  ami  prices,  or  come  and  see 
them,  visitors  always  welcome. 

E.  W  Mosher,  “  BKIGHTSIDE,”  Aurora,  New  York 

LAUREL  FARM  ?h7f'^sYae'S 

nomically  turn  farm  produce  into  money— 
JERSEYS,  and  the  swine  that  do  the  same 
thing— BERKSHIRES.  Which  do  YOU  want  ? 
J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 

FOR  SAl  F-?,?£I?'£ERED  jerseys-cows. 

lUR  OttLL  HEIFERS  AND  YOUNG  BULLS: 
large  selection:  blue  ribbon  winners:  won  in  butter 
contests.  Come  and  see  them.  Foil  particulars  of 

DAVID  WALLACE,  Supt.  Rumsontull  Farm.  Fairhaven  N  J 


S 


E  E 


Snowcroft  Hampshire  Downs 

Never  overfitted;  always  strong,  healthy  and  vigorous 
All  shipments  guaranteed  as  described.  Inquire 

DR.  S.  F.  SNOW.  J13  University  Block,  SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 

PI V  Registered  Shropshire  Ewe  Lambs,  $6  each. 
0IA  E.  E.  STEVENS  &  SON,  Wilson,  N.  Y. 


Purebred  Registered 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

Do  your  cows  earn  50  per  cent,  on  your  feed  in¬ 
vestment?  Any  purebred  Holstein  or  good  grade 
will  do  that  easily  as  figures  compiled  by  Hoard’s 
Dairyman  .-how.  Taking  the  average  from  19  herds 
of  purebred  and  grade  Holsteins,  owned  by  patrons  of  a 
creamery  in  Jefferson  County,  Wisconsin,  it  was  estimated 
that  for  every  dollar  ($1.00)  spent  in  feed,  $1.54 
was  received  from  the  creamery.  Unless  your  cows 
do  as  woil  they  are  wasting  their  feed. 

Send  for  Free  Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets. 
They  contain  valuable  information  for  any  Dairy¬ 
man. 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN  ASS’N,  F.  L.  HOUGHTON,  Secy.  Box  105,  Brattleboro,  Vt. 


1204 


December  16, 


THE  RURA.I*  NEW-YORKER 


HOW  THEY  SAVED  THE  CHICKS. 

It  Was  “Malnutrition.” 

On  page  601  I  mentioned  the  fact 
that  I  was  preparing  to  try  the  ex¬ 
periment  of  placing  a  thousand  chicks 
all  in  one  flock  in  my  mammoth 
brooder. 

Well,  I  tried  it. 

From  the  four  incubators,  three  of 
them  360-egg  size  and  one  of  240-egg 
size,  I  succeeded  in  hatching  970  chicks, 
early  in  May.  This  was  as  near  to 
the  thousand  as  was  anticipated. 

The  brooder  was  warmed  up,  and  the 
whole  batch  dumped  in  the  middle  of 
the  floor  at  once,  with  hurdles  sur¬ 
rounding  them  so  they  could  not  get 
far  away  from  the  source  of  heat  at 
first.  They  certainly  made  an  interest¬ 
ing  sight,  and  I  had  visitors  galore, 
some  of  whom,  particularly  the  ladies, 
fairly  went  into  ecstacics  over  the  white 
beauties.  I  don’t  think  there  was  a 
colored  feather  in  the  whole  crowd. 

Did  they  live  and  thrive?  Well,  that 
is  another  story.  On  the  start  they 
did.  My  coal  lire,  which  warmed  the 
water  for  the  hot  water  radiator, 
around  which  they  congregated,  was 
handy,  and  whenever  one  died,  or  I 
found  one  with  symptoms  of  bowel 
trouble,  the  carcass  was  promptly  cre¬ 
mated.  They  arrived  at  the  age  of 
four  weeks  in  very  good  condition,  the 
mortality  up  to  that  time  being  a  little 
less  than  10  per  cent. 

From  that  time  on  there  was  trouble 
in  the  camp.  The  same  old  symptoms 
appeared.  They  appeared  to  be  sick 
and  cold,  were  inclined  to  huddle  for 
warmth,  feathers  looked  rough,  wings 
drooped,  bodies'  grew  emaciated,  and 
my  crematory  was  not  of  sufficient  ca¬ 
pacity  for  the  work  demanded  of  it.  I 
had  to  go  hack  to  the  old-fashioned 
cemetery.  It  was  not  unusual  to  carry 
out  20  to  30  dead  chicks  of  a  morning. 

Was  I  discouraged? 

Well,  I  had  been  through  just  such 
experiences  before,  and  had  the  satis¬ 
faction  of  knowing  that  1  had  lots  of 
company. 

The  first  thing  I  did  was  to  send  a 
Macedonian  cry  to  Prof.  Rice  of  Cor¬ 
nell,  “Come  over  and  help  me.”  He 
agreed  to  send  his  first  assistant,  Prof. 
C.  A.  Rogers,  at  my  expense,  as  the 
department’s  funds  for  such  work  were 
exhausted.  He  was  delayed  in  coming, 
however,  and  by  the  time  he  got  here 
my  cemetery  was  the  recipient  of 
corpses  by  the  hundred.  We  went  over 
the  situation  carefully,  performing  post¬ 
mortems  on  many  subjects.  I  fully  ex¬ 
pected  to  hear  the  stereotyped  verdict, 
“Want  of  vitality  in  parent  stock.” 
Prof.  Rogers  finally  confessed  that  lie 
could  find  no  evidence  of  coccidiosis, 
baccilliary  white  diarrhoea,  or  of  any 
other  known  disease.  I  leaned  to  the 
belief  that  it  was  some  germ  disease, 
possibly  unidentified  as  yet,  while  lie 
leaned  to  the  belief  that  it  was  a  case 
of  “malnutrition.”  In  order  to  settle 
this  point,.  I  proposed  that  I  should 
hatch  another  smaller  lot,  and  test  out 
his  theory. 

I  moved  my  heater  and  hover  back 
into  the  smaller  house,  20  by  30  feet,  in 
which  my  chicks  had  the  same  trouble 
last  season,  which  has  since  been  used 
as  a  laying  house,  removing  the  hens 
in  August,  and  disinfected  the  house.  I 
set  two  incubators  with  eggs  from  the 
same  stock  as  before,  and  succeeded  in 
hatching  483  chicks  on  September  5. 
These  were  all  placed  in  one  flock  as 
before,  in  the  smaller  house,  and  have 
never  yet  been  outside  of  it.  Professors 
Rice  and  Rogers  furnished  me  with  the 
following  feeding  directions,  which  1 
have  carefully  followed: 

Instructions  For  Handling  Chicks. 

Feeding. — Forty-eight  hours  to  four  day* 
old.  equal  parts  by  weight  of  bread  crumbs 
and  oat  flakes,  moistened  with  sour 
milk  or  buttermilk.  The  milk  should  always 
be  sour.  Feed  morning,  noon  and  night, 
what  will  be  cleaned  up  In  20  minutes 
time.  Also  feed,  in  the  middle  of  the  fore¬ 
noon  and  afternoon,  the  following  mixture. 
Kix  pounds  bran,  three  pounds  cracked 
wheat,  three  pounds  cracked  corn,  one  pound 
oat  (lakes,  %  pound  granulated  bone,  14 
pound  fine  oyster  shell,  14  pound  fine  grit. 
This  should  be  fed  in  shallow  trays  in  such 
quantities  as  the  chicks  will  thoroughly 
clean  up  before  the  next  feeding.  Fresh 
water  should  be  supplied  at  all  times. 

Fifth  dav  to  two  weeks  old  :  Mash,  two 
pounds  bran,  two  pounds  cornmeal,  two 
pounds  wheat  middlings,  114  pound  sifted 
meat  scrap,  one  pound  oat  flakes.  14  pound 
bone  meal,  moistened  In  sour  sklm-mllk  or 
buttermilk.  Use  this  mash  Instead  of  the 
one  given  above  and  feed  It  as  before. 
During  this  period  scatter  the  mixture  of 
grain,  three  parts  cracked  wheat,  two  parts 
racked  corn,  one  part  oat  flakes  in  the  litter 
once  in  the  middle  of  the  morning  and  once 
In  the  middle  of  the  afternoon.  Have  fine 
oyster  shells  and  grit  In  boxes.  Provide 
fresh  water  at  all  times.  When  feeding  the 
mash  mixture,  cut  up  beet  leaves  and  small 
beets  fine  and  mix  some  in  with  the  mash 
and  feed  some  In  small  trays  or  on  the 
Poor.  Give  them  about  all  they  will  eat 
of  green  food.  After  two  weeks,  feed  the 
moist  mash  at  6  a.  m,  and  2  p.  in.,  and 
the  same  grain  ration  at  10  a.  m.  and  6 


p.  m.,  all  they  will  eat  tip  between  feeds. 

When  five  weeks  old  feed  grain  morning 
and  night,  using  whole  wheat  instead  of 
cracked  wheat  and  wet  mash  at  noon. 
Leave  dry  mash  before  them  all  the  time. 
At  seven  weeks,  feed  dry  mash  and  grain  In 
hoppers,  open  at  all  times.  The  mash, 
after  seven  weeks,  should  consist  of  two 
pounds  bran,  four  pounds  cornmeal,  four 
pounds  wheat  middlings,  five  pounds  meat 
scrap,  one  pound  linseed  oil  meal,  one 
pound  Alfalfa  meal.  The  grain,  equal  parts 
of  cracked  corn  and  wheat.  All  changes 
in  rations  should  be  made  as  gradual  as 
possible,  taking  a  couple  of  days  to  change 
the  rations  rather  than  making  the  abrupt 
change,  according  to  the  periods  as  cited. 

Temperature. — Start  with  a  temperature 
of  100  degrees  under  the  hover,  three  Inches 
above  the  floor  and  midway  between  the 
beater  and  edge  of  hover.  Gradually  lower 
to  95  degrees  at  the  end  of  the  first  week 
and  90  degrees  at  the  end  of  the  second 
week.  After  the  third  week  keep  the  tem¬ 
perature  at  85  to  90  degrees  until  the  chicks 
are  eight  weeks  old.  It  can  then  be  re¬ 
moved. 

T  he  results  seem  to  explode  the  germ 
theory  higher  than  a  kite,  also  the 
usual  thory  of  “want  of  vitality  in  the 
parent  stock.”  During  the  first  five  days 
13  died  or  were  removed  on  suspicion. 
Since  then  not  a  chick  has  died  a  na¬ 
tural  death,  and  only  10  more  have 
been  removed  and  killed  for  want  of 
thrift.  At  this  writing,  November  5, 
they  are  two  months  old  and  are  prac¬ 
tically  out  of  danger.  There  are  460 
of  them  left,  or  about  95  per  cent. 
Many  of  them  weigh  1%  pounds  each, 
and  the  whole  bunch  is  very  uniform 
in  size.  I  have  been  amazed  at  the 
quantity  of  mangel  wurzels  eaten.  I 
did  not  chop  up  the  leaves,  etc.,  ac¬ 
cording  to  directions,  hut  threw  in 
whole  beets,  leaves  and  all.  They 
began  first  to  pick  at  the  tender  heart 
leaves,  and  soon  began  picking  at  the 
solid  part  of  the  beets.  By  the  time 
they  were  four  weeks  old  they  were 
eating  30  to  40  pounds  a  day  of  the 
beets.  The  beet  juice  stains  the  bead 
and  neck  feathers  of  the  white  chicks 
quite  badly,  as  the  little  gourmands 
often  burrow  into  the  heart  of  a  large 
beet  before  eating  much  of  the  skin. 

It  seems  to  me  now  that  we  have 
been  paying  too  little  attention  to  a 
ration  that  furnishes  just  the  nutrients 
needed,  and  in  just  the  right  propor¬ 
tions.  A  chick  whose  blood  becomes 
thin  and  cold  from  malnutrition  may 
come  through  the  critical  period  of 
feathering,  if  with  a  mother  hen,  or 
in  a  small  flock  in  a  good  brooder.  In 
a  larger  flock,  however,  there  is  likely 
to  he  huddling  for  warmth,  with  its 
accompanying  sweating,  asphyxiation, 
colds,  etc.  I  succeeded  in  saving  about 
45  per  cent  of  the  first  hatch  of  970. 
They  have  been  doing  nicely  since  they 
were  about  seven  weeks  old,  those  that 
survived.  Our  success  with  these  Sep¬ 
tember  chicks  w'  I  give  me  confidence 
to  try  again  next  Spring  with  1,000  or 
more  in  one  flock.  o.  w.  mapes. 


Ration  for  Horse. 


Will  you  state  what  amounts  of  the  fol 
lowing  feeds  should  be  fed  to  a  horse  of 
about.  1,100  pounds,  doing  very  light  work  7 
WThole  or  crackl'd  corn.  oats,  wheat  bran 
or  middlings,  oat  hay,  Timothy  hay.  What 
Is  the  best  order  and  plan  of  feeding  the 
above?  I  have  noticed  several  farmers 
cut  up  Timothy  hay  very  fine  and  mix  with 
grain  for  evening  meal.  Is  there  any  ad¬ 
vantage  in  this?  Have  carrots  value  for 
Winter  feeding?  ITow  often  and  how  much 
should  these  be  fed?  I  wish  to  feed  linseed 
meal  for  keeping  coat  glossy  and  hide  loose. 
What  is  your  opinion  of  this?  How  much 
and  how  often  should  It  be  fed?  o.  o. 

New  York. 

In  feeding  horses,  as  with  other  kinds  of 
live  stock,  so  much  depends  upon  the  indi¬ 
vidual  animals  to  he  fed  and  the  conditions 
under  will  eh  they  are  working,  it  is  Im¬ 
possible  to  give  any  exact  rules  as  to  the 
amounts  or  proportions  of  the  different  In¬ 
gredients  to  use  In  all  cases ;  but  general 
advice,  to  be  modified  according  to  the  best 
judgment  of  the  man  who  does  the  feeding, 
Is  about  as  far  as  one  can  go  along  this 
line.  I  would  not  advise  feeding  whole 
corn  or  middlings  unless  there  Is  some 
Bpeclal  reason  for  their  use,  ns  the  whole 
corn  requires  too  much  mastication,  and 
the  middlings  are  so  line  they  pnste  up  In 
the  mouth  If  fed  in  any  great  quantities. 
Neither  can  I  advise  the  use  of  cut  hay 
except  in  very  small  quantities  mixed  with 
the  grain  for  the  purpose  of  compelling 
horses  to  eat  slowly  and  masticate  their 
feed  more  thoroughly.  I  would  much  prefer 
to  cut  the  oat  hay  into  slio'-t  lengths  and 
feed  the  Timothy  In  its  natural  condition. 
By  mixing  the  grain  feed  with  oat  hay 
which  has  been  cut  and  slightly  moistened, 
horses  are  not  liable  to  contract  the  heaves. 
This  method  is  therefore  especially  recom¬ 
mended  for  wind  broken  horses  or  those 
which  have  extra  heavy  or  fast  work  to 
perform.  Following  Is  a  good  average  ra¬ 
tion  for  a  horse  doing  light  work :  Eight 
pounds  Timothy  hay.  four  pounds  oat  hay, 
eight  pounds  whole  oats,  2%  pounds 
cracked  corn,  one  pound  wheat  bran  nnd 
one-half  pound  oil  meal.  As  a  rule  we 
feed  the  grain  in  about  equal  quantities 
three  times  a  day,  and  at  least  half  of  the 
hay  at  night,  the  other  half  being  divided 
between  the  morning  nnd  noon  meals.  On 
Sundays  and  holidays  when  horses  are  not 
working  their  rations  are  reduced  about 
one-third.  Oil  meal  is  valuable  to  feed  in 
small  quantities,  hut  great  care  slould  he 
exercised  not  to  feed  too  much,  as  It  Is 
liable  to  be  too  laxative.  Horses  should 
always  be  watered  before  feeding,  and  salt 
bricks  kept  constantly  before  them.  c.  s.  o. 


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Unvarnished,  Cashable  Facts 
About  Poultry  Profits 

If  there  ever  was  a  straight-from-the-shoulder  statement  of  facts,  you’ll 
find  it  in  JOEL  M.  FOSTER’S  book  “THE  MILLION  EGG  FARM.” 

Mr.  Foster  owns  the  famous  Rancocas  Poultry  Farm,  and  in  his  book  he 
tells  his  methods  for  producing  upward  of  eleven  hundred  thousand  eggs 
a  year,  and  piling  up  a  clean  annual  profit  of  close  to  $20,000.00. 


We  know  that  the  statements  in  this  book  are  cold  facts — because  we 
proved  them  before  publishing 

“The  Million  Eg'g  Farm” 


We  have  sold  many  thousand 
copies  of  this  book,  and  we  know, 
from  the  actual  experiences  of  those 
who  have  read  and  followed  it, 
that  these  facts  can  be  profitably 
applied  by  you — whether  you  have 
a  dozen  hens  on  a  back  lot,  or  num¬ 
ber  your  fowls  by  the  thousands. 

Up  in  Scranton,  Pa.,  a  clerk, 
Robert  Liddle  by  name,  read  this 
book,  followed  its  directions,  and 
at  last  reports  was  cleaning  up 
$17.00  a  day  profit  on  eggs. 

In  the  light  of  such  experiences, 
we  know  that  farmers  need  this 
book.  That’s  why  we  published 
it  and  are  trying  to  put  it  into  the 
hands  of  every  poultry  owner. 


To  serve  the  farmer  is  the  whole 
purpose  of  FARM  JOURNAL. 
To  serve  him  with  sound  advice 
regarding  every  branch  of  farm 
work. 

To  enable  him  to  profit  by  the 
labor-saving  and  money-making 
discoveries  of  other  farmers.  To 
serve  the  farmer’s  wife  with  help¬ 
ful  housekeeping  suggestions.  To 
serve  the  farmer  and  his  entire 
family  with  clean,  wholesome  en¬ 
tertainment. 

Upward  of  four  million  readers 
welcome  its  monthly  visits. 

ybu  need  this  paper  and  you  need 
the  MILLION  EGG  FARM  book, 
and  you  can  have 


Farm  Journal  every  month  for  four  years  and  “The 
Million  Egg  Farm” at  once,  postpaid,  for  only  $1.00 

Do  yourself  and  family  the  favor  of  sending  in  the  dollar  to-day. 


FARM  JOURNAL, 


130  N.  Clifton  St.,  Philadelphia 


r  mu. 


THE  KUKAb  NEW-YURKKH 


1206 


The  Henyard. 


Cotton-seed  Meal  for  Hens. 

On  page  1165  L.  C.  P.  of  Charlottesville. 
Pa.,  states  that  cotton-seed  meal  seems 
the  cheapest  source  of  protein,  and  asks 
why  it  won't  do  for  hens.  “Have  any  care¬ 
ful  tests  been  made  with  cotton  seed  meal 
in  dry  mash,  and  what  were  the  results?” 
The  answer  by  C.  £4.  G.  is  that  it  will 
discolor  the  eggs,  giving  a  greenish  tinge 
which  spoils  the  sale,  adding,  “1  do  not 
know  of  any  official  experiments  having 
been  made  with  cotton-seed  meal  in  the 
dry  mash,  but  its  effect  would  be  prac¬ 
ticably  the  same,  no  matter  how  it  was  fed:” 
C.  S.  <J.  has  evidently  overlooked  Bulletin 
211  of  the  North  Carolina  Experiment  Sta¬ 
tion  :  “Feeding  and  Management  of  Poultry 
for  Egg  Production,”  published  in  Septem¬ 
ber,  1!)10.  The  period  covered  by  the  test 
was  from  December  1,  1908,  to  September 
1,  1909.  As  it  was  my  privilege  to  see 
most  of  tile  fowls  used  in  this  experiment 
two  months  after  its  close,  and  to  talk  over 
some  features  of  the  test  before  the  results 
were  in  print,  I  will  summarize  the  points 
of  greatest  interest,  especially  as  concerns 
the  use  of  cotton-seed  meal. 

The  rations  were  based  upon  convenient 
farm  practice,  a  whole  grain  ration  of  two 
parts  corn  ami  one  part  wheat  was  given 
and  dry  mashes  of  different  compositions 
were  used,  but  contained  only  corn  meal 
and  wheat  bran  or  middlings  with  either 
meat  meal  or  cotton-seed  meal  as  a  source 
of  protein.  The  tests  were  run  on  dupli¬ 
cate  pens  for  each  ration,  one  pen  each  of 
Buff  and  of  Barred  Plymouth  [locks  being 
used.  The  dry  mash  of  pens  20  and  22  con¬ 
sisted  of  equal  parts  of  cornmeal,  wheat 
bran  and  cotton  seed  meal.  Pens  21  and  23 
had  the  same  with  one-half  part  bone  meal 
added.  Ten  24  had  a  mixture-  of  six 
pounds  cotton-seed  meal  to  nine  pounds 
cornmeal. 

The  table  of  food  consumed  shows  that 
pen  24  ate  cotton-seed  meal  to  the  extent 
of  12  per  cent,  and  pens  22  and  23  to  the 
extent  of  9.4  and  8.8  per  cent  respectively 
of  the  entire  ration.  It  will  be  noted  that 
where  cotton-seed  meal  was  used  at  all  it 
was  used  freely,  being  made  to  furnish  the 
greater  part  of  the  protein  in  each  case. 
The  mashes  thus  constituted  were  not  rel¬ 
ished,  and  the  amounts  eaten  wore  small  as 
compared  with  those  containing  meat  meal. 
All  the  egg  yields  were  small,  but  the 
cost  per  dozen  was  less  in  a  pen  of  yearling 
Barred  Rock  bens  fed  on  a  cotton  seed  mix¬ 
ture,  Pen  23,  than  in  any  other  pen  in  the 
test.  Yet  these  hens  weighed  less  at  the 
end  of  six  months  of  the  test  than  at  the 
Btart. 

The  pen  of  Barred  Rock  pullets  which 
were  fed  on  cotton-seed  weighed  only  3  1-3 
pounds  each  when  the  teat  began  on  De¬ 
cember  1,  so  they  must  have  been  late 
chicks  or  very  poorly  developed.  At  the 
end  of  six  months’  feeding  they  had  gained 
less  than  one  pound  each,  and  had  laid 
an  average  of  only  2.4.5  eggs  each,  although 
they  must  have  then  been  a  year  old.  They 
had  been  fed  for  the  six  months  which  should 
have  been  the  most  productive  of  their 
lives,  at  an  actual  loss  of  5 Vj  cents  each. 
When  seen  in  November  of  the  same 
year  this  pen  was  the  slenderest,  leanest, 
weakest,  and  worst  developed  bunch  of 
Rocks  of  15  months  old  that  I  have  ever 
seen.  The  whole  flock  of  Rocks  used  were 
of  a  small  type,  and  the  yearlings  which 
had  produced  the  cheapest  eggs  hardly  had 
a  bird  of  full  size.  When,  after  six  months 
on  cotton-seed,  skim-milk  was  substituted 
In  the  ration  of  one  of  those  pens  of 
stunted  pullets,  a  gain  of  1.29  pounds  per 
bird  was  made  within  three  months  and 
at  the  same  time  a  profit  of  30  cents  per 
bird  was  shown,  crediting  gain  in  weight 
at  10  cents  per  pound. 

The  moral  would  seem  to  be  that  all 
these  hens  bad  more  cotton-seed  meal  than 
was  good  for  them,  yet  a  consumption  of 
this  material  up  to  12  per  cent  of  the  total 
food  for  six  months  did  not  kill  the  fowls 
nor  produce  definite  disorders.  Old  hens 
stood  such  feeding  better  than  pullets. 
If  the  quality  of  the  eggs  was  injuriously 
affected  the  man  in  charge  did  not  mention 
It  either  in  the*  bulletin  or  In  our  conver¬ 
sation  on  the  subject.  Evidently  this  does 
not  dispose  of  the  question  though  indi¬ 
cating  that  we  would  do  well  to  keep  the 
proportion  down  well  below  10  per  cent 
of  the  mixture  if  it  Is  the  principal  part 
of  the  ration.  1  saw  a  very  successful 
ration  used  last  Winter  in  which  a  very 
small  proportion  of  cotton  seed  was  evi¬ 
dent — possibly  5  per  rent.  There  is  abund¬ 
ant  reason  to  go  slow,  but  no  reason  why 
it  should  not  be  carefully  tried. 

Virginia.  w.  a.  nii  human. 


to  be  fair  to  the  hens  they  ought  to  be 
credited  witli  that  $12.90  worth  used  for 
batching,  as  well  as  the  eggs  and  chickens 
used  for  home  people.  Also,  I  think  the 
breeding  stock  should  be  reckoned  in.  The 
way  I  look  at  it,  his  profits  are  based  on 
what  he  produces,  and  the  stage  of  develop¬ 
ment  of  his  product — eggs — when  lie  mar¬ 
kets  it.  Some  are  sold  just  as  eggs,  some 
are  hatched  and  sold  for  meat,  and  some 
are  hatched,  fed  and  kept  for  layers;  it  is 
all  hen  “fruit,”  and  the  hens  onght  to  have 
the  credit.  It  is  not  a  matter  of  putting 
so  many  dollars  worth  of  eggs  for  hatching 
into  an  inenbator  and  crediting  the  hens 
with  them  at  so  much  per  dozen.  You  are 
only  taking  those  eggs  and  working  them 
up  into  another  shape  for  market  or  use, 
all  of  which  costs  in  labor  and  feed,  and  is 
a  part  of  the  expense  in  making  the  hens 
pay  a  profit.  But  what  most  people  are 
after  is  cash  returns  and  cash  profits,  tak¬ 
ing  the  upkeep  of  tin*  flock  and  the  eggs 
at  home  for  granted, 
account  stands : 

Dr. 

September  13,  1910 — 

To  43  one-year-old  hens  at  75c..  $32.25 

To  115  pullets  at  60c .  69.00 

September  13,  1911 — 

To  total  expenses  for  feed,  labor, 

etc .  202.22 

Total .  $303.47 

Cr. 

September  12,  1911  — 

By  total  income  from  eggs,  fowls, 

etc . $328.48 

By  105  one-year-old  hens  at  75c.  78.75 

By  142  pullets  at  60c .  85.20 

B 


and  chickens  used 
Let  us  see  how  the 


By  eggs  used  for  hatching. 
Total . 


12.90 

$505 . 33 
47 


Balance .  $201.86 

Here  we  are  left  with  a  balance  of 
$201.86  to  the  credit  of  158  hens  and  jiul- 
lets  for  their  year’s  work,  with  actual 
cash  returns  amounting  to  $126.26.  Now, 
for  the  “per  hen  per  year”  part  of  it; 
easy,  isn’t  it?  .lust  divide  and  we  have 
$1.28  per  hen  profit,  of  which  70  cents  is 
cash.  But  wait  a  minute;  what  about 
that  $12.69  worth  of  eggs  houftht  for  hatch¬ 
ing?  Does  that  knock  our  calculations  out? 
Certainly,  the  liens  on  the  place  never  pro- 
dined  those  eggs  or  the  chickens  that  grew 
from  them,  and  are  a  part  of  the  value  of 
the  pullets  credited  to  them  as  profits. 
Still,  tlie  money  paid  for  these  eggs  was 
made  by  selling  the  products  of  the  liens  on 
tlie  place.  Have  hens  a  right  to  invest 
in  this  way  ami  claim  the  profits  to  their 
credit?  How  a  I  tout  it?  a.  u. 


Lime  on  Poultry  Droppings. 

What  will  be  the  effect  of  mixing  air- 
slaked  lime  with  poultry  droppings  during 
the  Winter,  to  be  applied  in  Spring?  Will 
it  cause  the  loss  of  any  of  the  fertilizing 
qualities  of  the  droppings?  Would  land 
plaster  be  better?  m.  t.  m. 

Maryland. 

Mixing  such  lime  with  poultry  manure  Is 
the  worst  thing  you  can  do.  The  action  of 
tiie  slaked  lime  is  to  form  carbonate  of  ara- 
monla,  which  will  be  lost  as  a  gas.  Land 
plaster,  on  the  other  hand,  would  hold  the 
ammonia  in  a  solid  form  so  that  it  would 
not  pass  off.  Do  not  mix  slaked  lime  or 
wood  ashes  with  hen  manure! 


At  Mayor  Shank’s  Thanksgiving  poultry 
sale  in  Indianapolis,  November  29,  he  sold, 
500  live  turkeys,  116  dressed  turkeys,  ISO 
live  geese,  100  live  dueks,  125  live  chick¬ 
ens,  lo  dozen  milk  fed  dressed  chickens  and 
20  dozen  corn- fed  dressed  chickens  during 
the  day.  Figures  of  tlie  sales  for  Tuesday 
and  Wednesday  were  1,035  live  turkeys.  171 
dressed  turkeys,  54  dozen  dressed  chickens 
280  geese,  150  ducks  and  300  live  chickens, 
a  total  of  2,584  birds,  tile  sales  aggregat¬ 
ing  $3,500.  While  these  birds,  of  course, 
represented  only  a  small  part  of  the  total 
number  consumed  in  the  city,  the  mayor 
believes  the  sale  had  the  effect  of  beating 
down  retail  prices  to  a  point  where  prac¬ 
tically  every  family  in  the  city  could  af¬ 
ford  a  turkey,  chicken,  duck  or  goose  oil 
the  dinner  table. 


Measuring  Silage. 

How  many  tons  of  corn  silage  in  a  silo  18 
feet,  inside  diameter  and  25  feet  high  (set¬ 
tled  solid),  cut  and  put  in  green?  The  corn 
is  well  matured  and  well  eared,  of  Iowa 
Gold  Mine  variety.  e.  l.  t. 

New  York. 

According  to  the  table  issued  by  silo  men 
this  one  will  hold  about  116  tons.  The 
higher  tlie  silo  the  more  tlie  lower  part  will 
weigh.  The  average  weight  of  a  cubic  foot 
is  about  40  pourwls. 


POULTRY  COURSE 

THE  15TTI  ANNUAL 

Poultry  Class  of  the  Rhode  Island  State  College 
will  be  held  January  3  to  February  16  inclusive 

We  teach  all  hranohoH  of  poultry  keeping,  ChtHH  Work,  I>cfc- 
tirPH  audDc  iru)  net  rat  lime,  l»en  Practice,  Incubator  anti  Brooder 
Operations  for  eaetbfl tude lit..  Thlx  1m  a  chance  to  learn  poultry 
keeping  and  a  good  place  to  live  for  mI.x  week*  thin  winter. 
Terina  moderate.  Write  for  partiruluiK. 

Pres.  Howard  Edwards,  Kingston,  R.  I. 


GRIT 


AKA-KIIKL  SOLUBLE 

^Roughest  grit  on  earth.  In¬ 
creases  egg  production. 
kTho  original  silica  grit. 

,  Avoid  substitutes.  Aak 
your  local  dealer  or 
send  $I.«0  for  two 

loo-ii).  bags  f.  o.  b.  cars.  Agents  wanted. 

EDGE  HILL  SILICA  ROCK  CO. 

Box  J  Now  Brunswick,  N,  J 

MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest,  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1844 

R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 


Grind  Your  Corn-  Husks  and  All 

Alfalfn.ClovorHay.  Wheat  ScrmininRH.nheaf 
outA.  ryo.  Kallir  corn*  -*w hunt,  barlay. 
nh«U  corn,  cotton  need,  wet,  dry  or  oily  are  all 
ground  to  meal  on  tho  “Bull  Doa:”  Grinder. 


Highest  Grade  of  Corn  and  Buck- 
wheat  Table  Flour  in  One  Grinding 


And  you  can  prove  It.  10  Day*'  FREE 
Trial  Given.  States  Hire  of  murfne  an<| 
Write  for  catalog  and  namplea  today. 

7  JL®t*  Manufacturing:  Company 
j^20^E^Road^rowj^Polnt^nd. 


1 


MORE  EGGS  Thirty  Days 


Thirty  Days 

Feed  your  hens  green  bone,  cut  with 
a  Stearns  Pone  Cutter.  We  will  lend 
you  one  to  try,  free,  for  the  next  30 
days.  1  f  your  hens  don ’t  lay  lots  more 
eggs,  don ’t  pny  for  It. 

Write  to-day  for  catalog  and  booklet, 
“How  to  make  poultry  pay.” 

E.C.StearnsS  Co.,  Box  17  .Strxcuie.N.Y. 


|  fin  YEARLING  WHITE  LEGHORN  HENS 

IUU  and  Bullets — White  Orpingtons,  White  Ply. 

’  ’  ’  ’  E.  G.  TUCKER. 


POULTRY  SEED  CO  RIM 

Specially  small  for  poultry.  Best  of  its  kind.  No 
grinding  or  cracking  necessary.  Only  fifty  bushels 
left  at  $2.00  per  bnshel.  MAPLE  GLEN  POUL¬ 
TRY  FAJIM,  MlLLERTON,  N.  Y. 

POULTRYMFN-^”'1  -c  R,!*raP  fur  Illustrated 
‘  u  11,1  "  L 1*  Catalog  describing  35  varieties. 

EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS  MARIETTA,  PA. 

0(1  rocs  si.no — Leading  varieties,  53  breeds.  Prize  Ponl- 
£U  try.  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  Largo  ilhis. 
tinted  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  (1.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa- 

Pullets,  Large,  Early,  Mixed  Breeds 

at  80c  each  in  lots  of  10  or  more,  cash  with  oi’der. 
F.  O.  B.  here.  J.  HARLAN,  R.  I).  24,  Athens,  Pa, 

KEAN’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTES 

Extra  fino  Cockerels  ready  for  service,  $3.00  each. 
Pullets,  $2.00  each.  Guaranteed  to  satisfy  the  most 
fastidious.  A  Iso  Choice  I  ml  in  11  Runner  Drakes, 
$2.00  each.  E.  FRANKLIN  KEAN,  STANLEY,  N.Y. 

Crystal  White  Orpingtons  !5Ir/n\VeSn 

Write  RAY  SCHERMERHORN.  Box  B.  Smith  Hammond.  N  Y. 

BLACK  ORPINBTONSSSsSfcSygjSaa! 

Will  make  excellent  breeders  and  show  birds.  All 
stock  guaranteed  and  sent  on  approval.  Prices 

reasonable.  F.  F.  ANDREW,  Philadelphia,  Jeff.  Co.,  N.  Y. 

THE  FARMER'S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THUS.  WILDER,  Route  1.  Richland,  N.  Y. 

Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  May  return  at.  my  exponso  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  602  Filth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Van  Alstyne’s  Reds  and  Orpingtons 

A  few  fine  (  ’ockerols  for  saloat  $3.00  each,  if  taken  at 
once.  Ebw.  van  Alstynk  &  Son.  Kinderhook,  N.  Y. 

SPECIAI  (BARRED  ROCKS  AND  PARTRIDGE  COCHINS 

Pullets  $2.00,  Cockerels  $3,110  to  $5.00. 
flFFFR  I  ^°me  good  enough  for  exhibition, 
Viren  1  and  all  good  utility  stock. 

MINCH  BROS.,  Route  2,  Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

Fichpi  strain  nirppf-WHITE  R0CK  cqckerels-«2 

riSIICI  Oil  dill  Ulieu  to  $5.  May  be  returned  H 
not  satisfactory.  Gko.  H.  Pierce,  Allegany,  N.  Y. 

DARRED  ROCKS,  Ruuuer  Ducks,  Toulouse  Geese. 

U  Bred-to-lay  strains.  Nelson’s,  Grove  City,  Pa. 

WHITE  EM  DEN  GEESE^gg; 

for  rest  of  December,  cash  with  order,  F.  O.  B.  here. 
Maple  Cove  Poultry  Yarbs,  R.  D.  24,  Athens,  Pa. 

0  0  IAI  LEGHORN  PULLETS,  one  and  two  year  old. 
OiUilli  Hens,  Cocks  and  Cockerels.  Choico 
stock.  John  J’.  Case  &  Sons,  Clover  Hill,  N.  J. 

COR  SALE — Carefully  selected,  large,  vigorous  March 

1  hatched  S.  C.  White  Loghorn  Cockerels,  direct 
Corning  strain.  $2.50  apiece.  Orders  for  25  or 
more,  $2.25.  The  Emiicott  Farm,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  liens.  Early  Pullets  and  Cock¬ 
erels;  any  quantity  at  attractive  prices;  hred-to-lay 
kind.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Fteminotoa.  N.  J. 

Rocks,  Rhode  Island  Reds.  u 
Jefferson  County,  Philadelphia,  N.  Y. 

Cflflfl  ^bigle-Oomhod  White  Leghorns,  Bnrred 
uUUU  P'Tmonth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
Bronzo  Tin-keys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 
right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  corks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  </nre  for  best,  selections.  Largest  success 
fill  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNlfi  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS^'SVoIl! 

orris  for  breeding.  Price  right  for  quality. 

WHITE  &  RICE,  YOKKTOWN,  N.  5. 

S.C.W.  Leghorn  f»lletrl!^,\W2l!ISSft 

choice  stock.  John  P.  Case  &  Sons.  Clover  Hill,  N.  J. 

S.  C,  W,  LEGHORNS 

Hatching  Eggs  from  selected  yearling  breeders. 
Choice  breeding  stock  at  reasonable  prices.  250 
acres  devoted  to  Leghorns  of  exceptional  quality 
and  vigor.  Send  for  circular.  MT.  PLEASANT 
FARM,  Box  Y,  Havre  be  Grace,  Mb. 

S.  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS", 5”:  J6rSS85 

tnae  Leghorn  typo  and  from  the  heavy  laying 
“Sterling”  strain.  1100  grand  utility  cockerels,  some 
good  enough  to  exhibit.  11)0  two-year  old  lions.  Write 
ns.  W.  STERLING  &  SONS,  Cntrhogue,  N.  Y. 

DURE  BRED  WHITE  HOLLAND  TURKEYS  FROM  PRIZEWINNERS 
■  Mrs.  K.  .1.  Rider,  Rodman,  New  York 

BEST  WHITE  HOLLAND  TURKEYS,  White  Wyandotte  C’ock 
erels  and  Toulouse  Geese,  for  sale.  I’rices  low  for 
quality.  B.  SCHIEBER,  R  FI)  2,  Bueyrus,  O. 

GIANT  BRONZE  TURKEYS  “S 

Pullets.  Grand  Stock  at  Farmers’  prices. 

H.  J,  VAN  DYKK,  GICTTYSHUIM;,  Pa. 

While  Holland  Turtejr-SftSlSSPiaSS 

breeding;  hundreds  of  unsolicited  testimonials 
from  all  parts  of  U.  S.  Early  orders  for  best 
prices.  H.  W.  ANDERSON,  Stewart,' stown,  Pa. 

Mammoth  Bronze  Turkeys— 200  Turkey, 

Toms,  20  to  110  lbs.:  Hens,  14  to  20  lbs.  Largest 
strain  in  the  U.  S.  Hickory  Island  Farm,  Clayton,  N.  Y. 


Three  Excellent  Books 


Swine  in  Amerira  by  F-  D  Cohurn-  Full 
awine  m  America  (|eS(.ripti0n  Cf  bree<is, 

methods  of  handling,  diseases,  etc.;  000  pages, 
many  illustrations.  Price . $2.50 

Milk  and  Its  Products  “  a 

work  on  this  subject;  TOIL  pages.  Price. .$1.50 

Til*  U/irc«  by  Isaac  P.  Roberts.  In  this 
l  lie  nurse  wo,-k  Prof.  Roberts  has  given  a 
concise  history  of  the  various  breeds,  methods 
of  breaking,  feed  and  general  care;  400  pages; 
many  illustrations.  Price . $1.25 


All  These  Books  THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
Are  For  Sale  By  409  PEARL  ST.,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


Make  Your  Hens  Lay 

Yon  can  double  yonr  egg  yield  l>y  feeding  fresh-cut,  raw  liouo.  It  J 
contains  over  four  times  as  much  egg-making  material  us  grain  and 
taken  tlie  placo  of  bugs  aud  worms  In  fowls’  diet.  That’s  why  it 
gives  more  eggs— greater  lurtlllty,  stronger  chicks,  larger  fowls. 

MANN’S  lmaJoe£  BONE  CUTTER 

cuts  caHily  anil  rapidly  all  largo  and  small  bonus  with  adhering 
meat  anil  gristle.  Automatically  adaptH  to  your  strength.  Never  clogs. 

10  Days’  Free  Trial.  No  money  down.  Send  for  OUT  Iroo  books  today. 

r.  W,  MANS  CO. Box  IS_ MILFORD,  MASS. 


“Figuring  Profits.” 

Every  once  in  awhile  a  man  just  “keep¬ 
ing  chickens”  ends  bis  first,  second,  or 
thirteenth  year  at  the  business  or  the 
pastime  as  the  case  may  be,  or  perhaps 
reading  of  nine  and  twelve  dollar  profits  per 
lien,  gets  the  notion  that  Ills  wife  is  making 
too  much  money !  So  lie  begins  figuring, 
and  the  more  he  figures  the  more  he  won¬ 
ders  where  he  ought  to  come  out.  Take, 
for  example,  the  following  query  : 

“I  started  in  the  poultry  business  two 
years  ago,  and  do  not  know  how  to  figure 
out  the  earnings  per  hen  per  year.  I  had 
on  September  13,  1910,  43  one-year-old 

bens  and  115  six-months  old  pullets,  and 
have  on  September  13,  1911,  105  old  hens 
and  142  pullets.  I  valued  the  old  hens 
when  taking  stock  at  75  cents  and  the 
142  pullefs  at  60  cents  each.  My  income 
from  eggs  and  chickens  sold  during  the 
year  was  $328.48.  Expenses  were  $202.22. 
1  did  not  credit  the  chickens  with  $12.90 
worth  of  eggs  I  used  for  hatching,  but 
charged  them  with  eggs  I  bought  for  hatch¬ 
ing,  which  was  $12.69.  When  figuring  up 
what  each  hen  earned  during  the  year,  do 
you  credit  them  only  with  eggs  produced 
and  chickens  sold,  or  also  with  the  stock 
they  produced  ?” 

Now,  if  the  writer  could  have'  taken  that 
hunch  of  hens  and  pullets  and  turned  out 
nothing  but  eggs  for  the  year,  ami  had 
then  sold  those  he  had  no  use  for,  figuring 
profits  would  be  easy,  and  no  questions 
asked,  but  lie  didn’t.  Like  most  other  peo¬ 
ple,  be  raised  a  lot  of  young  stock,  ;m<l  he 
bought  eggs  for  hatching,  and  now  he  wants 
the  average  profit  per  ben  !  I  figure  that 


A  Pretty  Girl  in  a  Last  Year’s  Gown 

Art  you  proud  of  your  herd  of  thoroughbreds  ?  Do  you  enjoy 
showing  them  to  your  friends  ?  You  surely  have  a  fine  line  of  stock. 
Handsome,  sanitary,  well-ventilated  stable  ?  Floors  clean  ? 
Ceiling  dean  ?  Mangers  clean  ?  Attendants  clean  ? — certainly. 

.  But  the  Dress — the  Equipment 

Is  it  up-to-date?  Have  you  good  litter  carriers,  good  stanchions,  good 
dairy  utensils,  and  a  good  mechanical  milker?  Many  of  the  best  herds 
in  this  country  are  milked  by  this  most  modern  of  dairy  devices.  We 
manufacture  an  outfit  for  milking  any  number  of  cows  safely,  cleanly, 
and  expeditiously  and  designed  and  built  handsomely  enough  to  show 
with  the  best  of  your  Ayreshirc,  Guernsey,  Holstein  or  Jersey  pets. 

Give  Them  a  Modern  Outfit 

Wc  will  be  glad  to  give  you  details  and  references. 

Catalog  “E”  on  request 

DAIRY  SPECIALTY  COMPANY,  West  Chester,  Pa. 


Manufacturers  of  the 


Sharpies  Mechanical  Milker 


1200 


'fHE  RURAt  NEW-YORKER 


December  16, 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 

0 

You  are  fighting  for  the  farmer  and  give 
ns  facts  from  the  farmer's  standpoint.  Your 
work  in  getting  money  from  snide  commis¬ 
sion  men,  and  showing  up  snide  invest¬ 
ments,  is  worth  more  than  The  It.  N.-Y.’s 
cost  to  any  farmer. 

New  York.  j.  a.  m. 

We  can  give  the  people  the  fatts,  but 
the  facts  are  worth  little.  It  is  the  use 
made  of  them  that  counts.  This  infor¬ 
mation  surely  ought  to  save  our  people 
collectively  more  than  the  total  sub¬ 
scription  revenue  of  the  paper. 

Perhaps  you  will  remember,  I  asked  your 
advice  sometime  ago  about  the  Columbian 
Publishing  Co.  I  am  very  thankful  that  I 
took  your  advice  and  did  not  put  any  more 
into  it.  Now  in  reply  to  inclosed  circular 
would  you  send  .$10  to  them,  or  would  you 
keep  it  in  your  jeans?  p.  c.  E. 

Massachusetts. 

This  is  the  company  that  was  paying 
4%  quarterly  dividends,  or  16%  a  year. 
The  16  cents  was  simply  returned  out 
of  your  dollar.  The  dividend  was  not 
earned.  Afterwards  it  was  merged 
with  Hampton’s  Magazine,  and  the  new 
company  was  recently  closed  out  by  the 
court  for  $10,000.  All  the  promoters 
who  could  be  found  are  under  indict¬ 
ment  on  allegations  of  fraud.  The  cir¬ 
cular  letter  referred  to  is  simply  the 
old,  old  scheme  to  work  the  old  victims 
under  the  pretense  that  they  are  to  get 
something  out  of  nothing.  Think  of  it! 
Besides  the  stock  the  old  company  had 
$600,000  of  liabilities.  It  is  alleged  in 
the  circular  that  this  has  been  scaled 
down  by  mutual  consent,  to  probably 
$200,000.  The  assets  sold  for  $10,000, 
and  a  promise  to  pay  60  per  cent  on  the 
debts  in  five  years.  This  comes  a  long 
way  from  paying  the  debts,  and,  of 
course,  leaves  the  stock  absolutely 
worthless.  How  idle  then  to  pretend 
that  the  old  stock  has  any  value!  If 
you  dropped  a  hundred  dollar  bill  into 
a  furnace  and  saw  it  go  up  in  smoke, 
would  you  put  in  another  ten  dollar  bill 
expecting  to  get  it  and  the  hundred 
back?  By  all  means,  keep  the  “ten”  in 
your  “jeans.” 

This  letter  is  no  doubt  a  fake  scheme. 
Better  investigate  and  put  your  readers 
wise.  For  my  part  I  will  have  nothing  to 
do  with  it.  k.  w.  c. 

West  Virginia. 

This  letter  is  from  the  First  Burbank 
Timber  Company  and  with  an  accom¬ 
panying  circular  proposes  to  sell  stock 
at  $100  per  share  to  raise  vegetables  for 
New  York  City  and  in  fact  for  the 
markets  of  the  whole  country.  There  is 
not  a  word  to  show  either  assets  or 
liabilities  of  the  company.  The  stock 
authorized  is  $1,000,000,  under  the  laws 
of  Maine,  a  State  which  makes  the  way 
easy  for  promoters.  The  offices  are  lo¬ 
cated  in  one  of  the  most  expensive 
office  buildings  in  the  city,  but  investi¬ 
gators  report  that  they  were  unable  to 
locate  them  at  the  address.  A  com¬ 
mission  of  10  per  cent  is  allowed  you 
for  selling  shares.  _  The  ordinary  truck 
grower  receiving  35  cents  or  less  of  the 
consumer’s  dollar  will  wonder  how  this 
concern  can  afford  palatial  offices  in  this 
expensive  building.  We  would  like  some 
one  in  the  company  to  tell  us  just  which 
one  or  more  of  the  Burbank  plants  are 
to  be  grown  for  the  New  York  market. 
You  could  probably  go  over  the  terri¬ 
tory  adjacent  to  New  York  with  a  fine- 
tooth  comb  and  find  nothing  of  his 
lauded  creations,  unless  it  be  a  strag¬ 
gling  Wonderberry — the  black  night¬ 
shade. 

Concluding  a  long  list  of  apparently 
eminent  directors  we  find  the  following 
taken  verbatim  from  the  prospectus: 

BOARD  OF  EXPERTS  ON  OPERATION. 
Dr.  W.  P.  Brooks, 

Director  of  Experiment  Station,  Massa¬ 
chusetts. 

Agricultural  College,  Amherst,  Massachu¬ 
setts. 

G.  F.  Warren, 

Professor  of  Farm  Management, 

Cornell  University,  New  York. 

T.  I,.  Lyon,  Pb.D., 

Professor  Soil  Technology, 

Cornell  University,  New  York. 

We  do  not  know  whether  these  agri¬ 
cultural  teachers  know  that  their  names 
and  the  institutions  that  they  represent 
are  being  used  in  a  promotion  scheme 
or  not.  They  may  not  realize  the  effect 
of  their  passive  endorsement  of  the 
scheme  if  they  have  consented  to  it. 
They  may  have  the  right  to  indorse  any 
scheme  personally,  but  it  would  be  too 
much  to  say  they  are  justified  in  lending 
the  influence  of  our  State  institutions  to 
promotion  schemes.  TheSe  names  are 
used  for  the  purpose  of  securing  the 
confidence  of  country  people.  Seeing 
these  names,  many  farmers  would  go 
into  the  scheme  believing  that  the  pro¬ 
fessors  of  these  colleges  would  not  per¬ 
mit  the  use  of  their  names  if  it  were 
not  safe  for  them  to  invest.  That  is 
why  they  are  printed  in  the  circular. 


No  doubt  they  are  engaged  for  a  specific 
purpose  and  paid  for  the  service.  But 
to  say  the  least  this  is  a  speculative  ven¬ 
ture.  There  is  not  one  chance  in  a  thou¬ 
sand  of  there  being  anything  in  it  for 
anyone  but  the  promoters.  Do  farmers 
want  their  leading  agricultural  colleges 
to  stand  as  indorsers  of  speculative 
ventures  of  this  kind? 

Do  you  know  anything  about  the  Pro¬ 
ducers’  Commission  Co.,  of  Kansas  City, 
Mo.  ?  They  claim  to  make  great  savings 
to  the  farmers.  E.  H.  s. 

Kentucky. 

All  we  know  about  it  is  that  they 
charge  $10  membership  fee,  and  promise 
farmers  30  per  cent  more  on  what  they 
sell  and  30  per  cent  savings  on  what  they 
buy.  We  have  never  known  a  member¬ 
ship  scheme  to  be  successful  for  any¬ 
one  but  the  promoters  of  it.  All  such 
schemes  of  the  past  that  we  can  recall 
have  been  fakes  and  swindles.  Until 
these  people  show  some  practical  method 
of  reaching  the  results  they  promise,  we 
counsel  farmers  to  keep  their  ten  dol¬ 
lars,  or  make  better  use  of  it  than  to 
turn  it  over  blindly  to  the  promoters  of 
a  scheme. 

Last  Fall  I  shipped  poultry  to  the  Egg 
Producers’  Company.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  to 
the  amount  of  $80,  that  they  did  not  pay 
for.  This  concern  was  run  by  a  man  named 
Morgan,  who  is  running  it  now  under  the 
name  of  the  Morgan  Poultry  Co.,  49  Walla- 
bout  Market,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Will  you  see 
wliat  you  can  do  about  collecting  this  for 
me?  r-  c.  p. 

Pennsylvania. 

Our  friends  are  pretty  well  advised 
regarding  the  treatment  this  Egg  Pro¬ 
ducers’  Company  accorded  some  of  our 
subscribers.  The  first  complaints  that 
reached  us  were  from  shippers  who  got 
returns  with  reductions  for  broken  eggs. 
Apparently  every  shipment  was  dis¬ 
counted  from  10  to  25  per  cent,  for  this 
cause.  Finally  no  returns  were  made  at 
all,  and  shippers  could  get  nothing.  We 
could  do  nothing  for  them.  But  after 
repudiating  old  accounts  they  have 
cheerfully  gone  right  on  at  a  new  ad¬ 
dress  with  the  old  practice  of  neglecting 
the  remittances.  If  people  will  trust 
such  concerns  they  must  expect  losses. 

The  following  letter  comes  to  us 
from  a  subscriber  in  a  Western  State : 

A  stranger  died  here  alt  the  mine  re¬ 
cently.  Among  his  effects  we  found  your 
name  and  address.  We  want  to  dispose 
of  the  things  and  close  the  incident  in  so 
far  as  concerns  us.  Send  us  $5  to  cover 
cost  of  shipping  and  we  will  ship  things 
to  you  to  do  with  as  you  see  fit.  The 
things  consist  of  a  trunk — it  is  full  of 
clothes — suitcase,  handbag,  watch  and 
chain,  and  photographing  outfit.  We 
stood  all  the  expenses  of  his  burial.  We 
feel  we  have  done  our  part.  This  is  our 
busiest  season  at  the  mine.  We  have  al¬ 
ready  devoted  much  valuable  time  to  this 
matter.  We  ask  you  to  answer  at.  once. 
Just  enclose  five  dollar  bill  in  a  letter 
and  mail  same  to  us.  We  will  assume  the 
risk.  Say  all  in  first  letter.  We  haven’t 
time  to  engage  in  a  correspondence.  An¬ 
swer  at  once.  Address  T.  C.  Cooper,  P.  O. 
Box  17,  Mt.  Morrison,  Colo. 

P.  S. — We  are  28  miles  from  our  post 
office.  A  registered  letter  or  post  office 
money  order  would  cause  us  a  two-day 
trip  to  town.  I)o  not  send  either.  Just 
enclose  bill  iu  letter.  We  will  get  it. 

SOUTH  PLATTE  MINING  AND  MILLING  CO. 

It  doesn’t  seem  that  any  rational 
being  would  be  silly  enough  to  bite  on 
a  hook  with  such  transparent  bait.  This 
is  a  modification  of  the  old  Spanish 
swindle.  Of  course  the  intimation  is 
that  there  is  considerable  of  value  in 
these  effects  and  the  rogues  expect  that 
the  cupidity  or  desire  of  their  corre¬ 
spondents  to  get  something  for  nothing 
will  induce  them  to  mail  the  $5  bill.  If 
once  mailed,  of  course,  that  is  the  last 
that  will  ever  be  heard  of  it.  Regis-  ■ 
tered  letters  or  post  office  orders  do  not 
afford  a  means  of  remittance  that  is  at¬ 
tractive  to  the  ordinary  crook. 

“The  Journal  of  the  American  Medical 
Association”  tells  of  a  Kansas  “medical” 
swindler  who  pretends  to  cure  almost  every 
known  disease  with  a  “secret”  preparation 
of  his  own  compounding.  His  “remedy”  is 
an  “eye  water.”  Analyzed  by  the  chemists 
of  the  American  Medical  Association  it  was 
found  to  consist  essentially  of  a  mixture  of 
equal  parts  of  salt  and  sugar  in  hydrant 
water.  Ilis  price  for  the  mixture  is  $25 
an  ounce.  “The  Journal”  says  that  it 
does  not  take  an  expert  to  prove  that  such 
a  mixture  will  not  cure  consumption,  blind¬ 
ness,  paralysis,  Bright’s  disease  or  any  of 
the  hundred  other  ailments  that  the  quack 
professes  to  treat.  “Expert  knowledge  is 
not  required  to  declare  the  treatment  a 
fraud  and  the  ‘professor’  a  swindler.”  “The 
Journal”  adds:  “It  is  a  conservative  state¬ 
ment  to  say  that  a  man  who  will  take 
money  from  a  consumptive,  an  epileptic  or 
a  victim  of  the  morphine  habit  under  the 
pretence  of  curing  his  disease  with  a  mix¬ 
ture  of  sugar,  salt  and  water  is  an  un¬ 
conscionable  scoundrel.” — Daily  Tribune. 

It  ought  to  be  apparent  to  anyone 
that  a  mixture  guaranteed  to  cure  any 
ill  is  a  fake  and  a  snare  without  the 
formality  of  a  chemical  analysis.  These 
medical  quacks  are  the  meanest  of  all 
swindlers,  unless  it  be  the  publishers 
who  conspire  with  them  by  running  their 
advertisements  to  help  rob  unfortunate 
people.  If  it  were  not  that  we  have 
daily  proof  of  the  traffic,  one  would 


think  it  impossible  that  any  human 
being  would  trifle  with  the  miseries  of 
his  fellow  beings  for  personal  gain. 
Certainly  human  depravity  cannot  fall 
lower  than  this.  j.  j.  d. 


Money  Interests  and  Railroads. 

The  most  significant  event  of  the  week 
was  the  revelation  of  the  influence  of 
moneyed  interests  in  preventing  any  com¬ 
petition  in  transcontinental  rates.  Two  in¬ 
cidents  tend  to  confirm  this  view.  One  is 
the  testimony  of  Mr.  B.  N.  Baker  before 
the  Senate  Committee  on  Interstate  Com¬ 
merce,  and  the  other  is  the  failure  of  the 
Postmaster  General  to  receive  a  bid  for  the 
carrying  of  mails  from  coast  to  coast  via 
the  Panama  Canal.  A  few  months  ago 
many  papers  printed  at  length  the 
plans  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Transpor¬ 
tation  Company,  a  corporation  organized  to 
build  a  number  of  large  ships  to  ply  between 
the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  cities  by  the  way 
of  the  Panama  Canal  on  its  completion  some 
two  or  three  years  away.  These  plans  were 
businesslike,  it  seemed,  and  warranted  by 
the  traffic  that  would  be  offered.  Trans¬ 
continental  rates  are  so  high  as  to  be  pro¬ 
hibitive  for  many  articles.  Then  too  the 
time  taken  in  transit  and  the  difficulties 
of  refrigeration  make  the  traffic  in  fruit 
hazardous.  It  would  seem  that  perishable 
products  could  be  handled  to  much  better 
advantage  by  water.  Also  bulky  articles 
and  articles  of  low  value  compared  to 
weight  could  be  handled  much  cheaper  than 
by  rail. 

Our  government  is  investing  a  half  bil¬ 
lion  dollars  in  building  the  Canal.  The 
public  generally  presumed  that  it  was  prin¬ 
cipally  for  coast  to  coast  trade,  and  not 
solely  for  the  use  of  Europe  in  sending  its 
productions  to  the  Orient.  We  supposed  it 
was  for  our  benefit  in  some  measure  at 
least.  But  if  what  was  developed  in  the 
hearing  before  the  Commerce  Committee 
November  20  is  true  the  American  public 
is  confronted  with  a  problem.  Mr.  Baker  is 
the  organizer  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific 
Transportation  Company.  lie  is  an  experi¬ 
enced  steamship  manager,  having  been  for 
years  at  the  head  of  one  of  the  large  At¬ 
lantic  steamship  lines.  lie  thought  he  saw 
a  field  for  a  profitable  line  of  ships  and 
started  to  secure  capital  to  finance  a  line 
of  ships  costing  $15,000,000.  He  met  with 
some  encouragement  at  first,  hut  when  it 
was  seen  that  the  proposed  line  would  be 
a  competitor  of  the  transcontinental  lines 
banks  and  men  of  means  refused  to  assist 
in  financing  the  line.  Mr.  Baker  says  ho 
cannot  give  any  specific  evidence  of  any 
conspiracy  in  restraint  of  trade,  yet  he  feels 
that  the  “money  trust,”  so-called,  widen 
owns  the  controlling  interest  in  the  rail¬ 
roads  of  the  country,  has  had  something 
to  do  in  preventing  the  carrying  out  of 
his  plans.  An  ocean  line  of  steamers  would 
be  likely  to  affect  the  rates  of  transcon¬ 
tinental  railroads  and  affect  the  securities 
of  ^transcontinental  lines  and  therefore 
there  must  be  no  competition. 

Supporting  this  charge  of  Mr.  Baker 
comes  the  statement  of  the  Post  Office  De¬ 
partment  that  no  bids  had  been  received  for 
the  mail  subsidy  contract  via  the  Panama 
Canal.  November  25  was  the  closing  day 
for  the  bids  for  this  contract.  In  the  spe¬ 
cifications  the  Postmaster  General  has  pro¬ 
vided  “for  a  guarantee  against  the  control 
of  these  lines  by  competing  railroad  com¬ 
panies.  This  new  provision  in  ocean  mail 
contracts  is  in  keeping  with  the  adminis¬ 
tration  respecting  the  restraint  of  trade.” 

The  proposed  service  is  to  be  inaugurated 
not  later  than  October  18.  1914.  at  winch 
time  the  Panama  Canal  will  be  open.  The 
government  promised  a  10-year  contract 
from  New  York,  Charleston,  Savannah  and 
New  Orleans  to  San  Diego,  San  Francisco 
and  Seattle. 

Putting  these  two  happenings  of  the 
week  together  it  seems  clear  that  the 
American  people  face  a  situation  that  calls 
for  action.  Many  people  believe  there  is 
no  “money  trust.”  but  this  situation  looks 
much  like  a  “trust”  or  “conspiracy”  in 
restraint  of  trade.  The  transcontinental 
railroads  have  secured  the  holding  up  of  the 
orders  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Com¬ 
mission  reducing  their  rates.  Now  they 
are  preventing  the  use  of  the  Panama  Canal 
as  a  route  for  a  competitive  line.  It  has 
been  assumed  that  the  Canal  would  be  of 
service  to  our  people,  and  if  no  private 
capital  can  be  found  to  operate  lines  of 
steamships  between  coasts  it  may  be  the 
duty  of  the  government  to  enter  the  field  of 
transportation.  The  government  now  oper¬ 
ates  a  line  of  transports  between  San  Fran¬ 
cisco  and  the  Philippines,  and  if  necessary 
it  can  operate  a  line  connecting  our  East¬ 
ern  and  Western  coasts,  giving  our  people 
the  benefit  of  a  service  merited  by  the  ex¬ 
pense  incurred  in  building  the  Panama 
Canal.  F.  N.  C. 


Enamel  Paint  in  the  Cow  Barn. 

Can  you  inform  us  whether  enamel 
paint  on  wood  or  on  galvanized  iron  can 
be  used  successfully  and  economically  in  a 
small  cow-barn  to  further  cleanliness  and 
facilitate  cleansing?  w. 

Katonah,  N.  Y. 

Enamel  paint  can  be  used  successfully 
on  wood  or  iron  in  a  cow  stable.  Such 
enamel  paint  as  I  have  had  experience 
with  needs  to  be  applied  after  two  or  more 
coats  of  white  lead  paint.  But  I  doubt 
the  economy  of  using  a  high-priced  enamel 
paint  (the  best  ones  are  high-priced)  in 
this  way.  Good  white  lead  paint  may  be 
finished  with  a  smooth  surface  and  spots 
that  are  injured  by  wear  and  tear  can  be 
very  quickly  recovered.  R.  A.  P. 


Lameness. 

We  have  a  voung  mare,  will  be  four  years 
old  in  Spring,  whose  front  hoofs  are  short 
and  stubby.  What  can  I  do  to  make 
them  grow  out?  We  use  her  for  driving 
only,  and  when  not  in  harness  she  has 
plenty  of  blue  grass  pasture  in  Summer 
and  in  Winter  we  feed  some  corn  and 
oats,  but  not  much,  with  plenty  of  good 
wild  hay.  Her  mother  had  the  same  kind 
of  hoofs,  and  when  eight  years  old  she  got 
ringbones  on  her  front  feet,  and  that  is 
what  I  am  fearing  will  be  the  trouble  with 
this  mare.  Could  you  advise  me  how  to  pre¬ 
vent  it?  .a.  C. 

Iowa. 

The  unsound  mare  should  not  have  been 
used  for  breeding.  Ringbone  is  hereditary. 
Blister  the  coronets  with  cerate  of  can- 
tharides,  one  at  a  time,  once  a  month, 
to  stimulate  growth  of  horn.  a.  s.  a. 


REFLEX 

%=WI1LM» 

1  WeatherstheRoughestWeather 

On  ordinary  slickers,  water  finds  its 
way  in  at  the  front.  On  the  KEFLEX 
Slicker,  our  REFLEX  edge  (pat  ~d)  guides 
every  drop  of  water  to  the  bottom  of  coat 
whereitdrops  off/ 

1<eepsYou^ 

’  AbsolutelyDry 

*3.°-°  Everywhere) 

Satisfaction  Guaranteed  I 
Ask  your  dealer  to  show  you  | 

the  TtBPLEX 


I—’- 


<3 


S'SHl  RAS© 

A.J.To wer Co.,  Boston1. 
Tower-Canadian  Ltd.,Toronto 

I  G5II 


FOR  MENDING  HARNESS 

Ittakes  *  shoes,  tents,  awnings,  pulley  belts,  car- 
awax  -'sjL.  pets,  saddlos,  suitcases,  buggy  tops, 
thread,  dash  boards,  or  any  heavy  material, 

feeds  s  Automatic 

from  spool  and  Awl  is  the  only  per- 

doesthe  work  of  feet  Sewing 

any  harness  maker  t/%.  Awl. 

maehino.  It  is 

ponsnble  for  farmers.  V 

Agents  wanted.  Sent  prepaid  T|(iA •'  -  j#  Jjh 
for  $1.25.  Send  at  once  for 

catalog.  STEWART-SKINNER  CO.  JM 

35  Hermon  Street,  Worcester,  Mass. 

BUY  AN  ICE  PLOW 

and  save  the  ice  crop.  Cut  your  ico. 
quick  and  cheap  with  my  double 
row  Ice  Plow.  It  equal^  20 
men  with  saws.  Pays  for 

itself  in  1  day.  Also  Tools. 
Ask  for  catalog  and  prices- 

WM.  II.  FIUT,  Vorbank, 


N,T| 


TYOURIDEAS 


$8,500  offered  for  one  invention. 
Book  “How  to  Obtain  a  Patent"  and 
“What  to  Invent"  sent  free.  Send  rough 
sketch  for  free  report  as  to  patentability. 
Patents  advertised  for  sale  at  our  ex¬ 
pense  in  Manufacturers.  Journals. 

Patent  Obtained  or  Fee  Returned 

CUANOLEE  &  CHANDLEE.  Patent  Att’ys 

Established  1G  Years 

999  F.  Street,  Washington,  D,  C. _ 


SKUNK 

M.  J.  .lewett  A;  Sons,  I 


We  buy  Skunk,  Mink, Musk¬ 
rat  and  all  other  raw  furs  at 
highest  market  prices,  and 
give  liberal  assortments  and 
“A  square  deal"  to  everyone. 
Price-list  free. 
Redwood,  N.  Y„  I>cpt .29 


RAW  FURS 


G.  I.  FOX.  162 
W.  26th  Street, 
N.Y.  A  squaro 
deal,  liberal  as¬ 
sortment,  top 
prices.  Write 
for  price  list. 


Cash  for 

Raw  Furs 


Mako  more  money  out  of 
Raw  Furs  by  getting  full 
value  yourself  and  savo 
middleman’s  profits. 
Now  York  is  best  market 
and  we  pay  highest  prices 
for  hides  of  Skunks. 
...  .  .  ,  Minks,  Ooons,  etc.  Out 

out  the  commission  house  humbug  and  ship  to  us  di¬ 
rect.  Wo  stand  express.  More  than  30  years  in  business 
priT  Dim  CD  rn  Write  for  price  list  and  references. 
DLL  1 ,  DU  I  LLK  IU.,  Exporters,  4  East  12th  Street,  NewYork 


WE  BUY  RAW  FURS 

and  being  located  in  New. York  sinco  1861  can  pay 
best  prices:  references;  no  commissions.  Price 
list  free.  SHIP  TO  A  RELIABLE  FIRM. 

L.  BRIEFNER  <&  SONS, 

No.  4  East  16th  Street,  New  York 


- - W 

I  Raw  Furs  Wanted  I 


i 

9 

I 


Skunk,  Mink ,  Raccoon,  Opossum,  Fox,  Muskrat  and 
other  furs  are  bringing  high  prices  in  New  York,  the 
best  market  for  you  to  ship  to.  Do  you  want  to  know 

‘  ‘  How  to  Got  More  Money  for  Your  Raw  Fur*  ?  ” 

Write  for  “  Monjo’s  Hunter  and  Trapper”  and  price 
list — it’s  free.  Highest  commercial  references, 

F.  N.  MON  JO,  156  W.  25th  St.,  N.  Y. 


I 

I 


Skunk,  Mink,  Coon  a  Specialty 

The  highest  prices  paid  for  these,  and 
all  other  furs.  No  matter  how  largo  or 
small  a  lot  you  have,  I  want 
v  you  to  got  my  PRICES.  I  hold 
V  all  shipments  for  approval 
when  requested  and  tele- 
\lL  graph  offers  for  largo  lots, 
!*  i  pay  expross  charges  on 
‘all  over  $10.  Write  for 
prices  today  to 

_ _ 0.  L.  SLENKER,  East  Liberty,  0. 

LET  US  TAN 
YOUR  HIDE. 

Cattle  or  Horse  hide.  Calf,  Dog,  Deer, 
or  any  kind  of  skin  with  hair  or  fur  on. 

We  mako  them  soft,  light,  odorless, 
wind,  moth  and  water  proof,  and  make 
them  into  coats  (for  men  or  women), 
robes,  rugs  or  gloves  when  so  ordered. 

Your  fur  goods  will  cost  you  less  than 
to  buy  them,  and  bo  worth  more.  It 
will  certainly  pay  you  to  look  into  it. 

Our  illustrated  catalog  gives  a  lot  of 
'information.  Tells  how  to  take  off  and 
care  for  hides  ;  how  we  pay  the  freight 
both  ways  ;  about  our  marvelous  brush 
dyeing  process  which  is  a  tremendous 
advantage  to  the  customer,  especially 
on  horse  hides  and  calf  skins;  about 
the  goods  we  sell,  taxidermy,  etc.,  but 
we  never  send  out  this  valuable  book 
except  upon  request.  If  you  want  a 
copy  send  in  your  correct  address. 

The  Crosby  Frisian  Fur  Company, 

571  Lycll  A vc.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


120T 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


Crops  and  Markets 

Wholesale  Prices  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  December  8,  1911. 

BUTTER 

Creamery,  fancy,  lb .  .38  @  .39 

Good  to  Choice .  .35  @  .37 

Cower  Grades . 25  @  .32 

Storage . 26  @  .35 

State  Dairy,  best . 34  @  .36 

Common  to  Good . 25  ©  .32 

Factory . 20  @  .23 

Packing  Stock . 17  ®  22 

Elgin,  111.,  butter  market  firm  at  36  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  36  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  38  cents. 
CHEESE 

Pull  Cream,  best . 15  @  ,16 

Common  to  Good . 12  ©  .14 

Skims . 06  @ 

KGG8 

White,  good  to  choice .  .53  @ 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 42  @ 

Common  to  Good . 33  @ 

Western,  best . 40  © 

Under  grades . 18  @ 

Checks  and  dirties . 14  @ 


.13 

.56 

.45 

.38 

.46 

.25 

.20 

.25 


Storage,  prime . 22  @ 

BEANS 

Marrow,  100  lbs . 4.20  @  4.75 

M  ad  ium . . . .  .  3.90  @  4 .20 

Pea .  3.90  ©  4.26 

Yellow  Eye .  4.10  @  4.15 

Bed  Kidney . 6.00  @5.40 

Lima.  California . 6.50  @  6.60 

HOPS 

Prime  to  Choice . 55  ©  .57 

Common  to  Good . 62  ©  .54 

Pacific  Coast . 46  ©  .50 

German  Crop,  new .  .86  ®  .90 

Dill El>  FRUITS 

Apples,  evap  ,  choice,  1911 . 10  @  .10^ 

Common  to  good . 07  ©  .09 

Sun  dried . 07  ©  .08 

Chops .  02Hj®  ,02« 

Cherries . 19  @  .21 

Raspberries . 26  ©  .27 

FRESH  FRUITS 

Apples,  Wealthy,  bbl . 2  00 

Hpy .  1.7; 


4.00 

.  ....  _  3.00 

Spitzenburg  . 2.00  ©  4.00 

Twenty  Ounce .  2.26  @4.00 

Ben  Davis .  1.50  © 

Baldwin .  1.50  @ 

Greening . 1.60  @ 

King .  2.26 

Hubbardston . 1.50  @ 

York  Imperial .  1.50  @ 

Western,  box .  1.25  @ 

Pears,  Kieffer,  bbl .  1.00  @ 

Cranberries.  Cape  Cod,  bbl .  6.00  @ 

Jersey,  bbl .  7.00  @ 

Grapes,  Concord,  l-lb.  bkt . 10  @ 

Catawba . 08  @ 


Strawberries,  Calif  ,  pt . 


@ 


2  60 
3.00 
3.60 
@  3.50 
2.50 
3.00 
3.00 
2.75 
9.25 
8.00 
.11 
.11 


.30  @  .50 


VEGETABLES 

Potatoes,  N.  Y.  State,  bbl .  2.75  ©  2.37 

Maine,  bag .  2.75  @  2.90 

Long  Island,  bbl . 3.25  @  3.50 

Michigan.  150-lb.  bag .  2.25  ®  2.40 

Foreign.  168-lb.  bag . 2.25  @  2.50 

Bermuda,  bbl .  4.00  @  6  00 

Sweet  Potatoes,  bbl . 2.00  @  3.50 

Asparagus,  Calif.,  doz .  4.00  @  6  00 

Brussels  Sprouts,  qt . 06  @  10 

Beets,  bbl .  1.00  @  1.50 

Carrots,  bbl . 75  @1.25 

Cabbage,  Danish  seed,  ton . 20.00  @24  00 

Domestic  seed,  ton . 14.00  @18.00 

Cauliflowers,  L.  L,  bbl .  1.00  @  6.00 

Cucumbers.  Southern,  bu .  2.00  @  3.25 

Lettuce.  !^-bbl.  bkt .  50  @  1.00 

Onions,  State  and  Western,  1U0  lbs...  1.75  @  2.25 

Orange  Co.,  bag . 2.25  ©  2.75 

White,  bn .  1.50  ©  2.25 

Peppers,  Southern,  carrier .  2.00  ©  3.50 

Peas.  Southern,  bu .  2.00  @  4.00 

String  Beans,  bu .  1.50  @4  00 

Spinach,  bbl . LOO  @  1.25 

Squash,  Marrow,  bbl . 50  @  .75 

Hubbard,  bbl . 60  @  .75 

Turnios.  Rutabaga,  bbl . 90  ®  1.00 

White,  bbl .  1.00  @  1.25 

Egg  Plants.  Fla.,  box .  1  50  @  2.50 

Tomatoes,  Fla.  Carrier .  2.00  @  3.00 

HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 

Cucumbers,  No.  1,  doz .  1.00 

No.  2,  box . 

Tomatoes,  lb . 

Lettuce,  doz . 

Mushrooms,  lb . . . 

Radishes,  100  bunches .  160 

NUTS 

Chestnuts,  bu . 50 

Shellbarks,  per  50  lbs .  2.00 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Chickens,  lb . 13 

Fowls . 13 

Roosters . 08 

Ducks . . . 12 

Geese . 12 

Turkeys . 14 

Guineas,  pair . 40 

DRESSED  POULTRY 

Turkeys.  Spring,  best . 22 

Common  to  Good . 14 

Chickens,  choice  broilers,  lb . 22 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 18 

Roasters . 15 

Fowls .  13 

Spring  Ducks,  lb . 16 

Geese . 12 

Squabs,  doz .  1.50 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 

Calves,  prime,  lb . 12  @  .12J6 

Common  to  good . 09  @  .11 

Buttermilks .  ‘,07  @  68 

Lambs,  hothouse,  bead . 8.00  @11.00 

Roasting  Pigs,  lb . 08  @  .09 

Pork,  Light . 07J^@  .08^ 

Heavy . 06^@  .07 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Bay.  Timothy  No.  1,  ton . 25.00  @  26.00 

No.  2 . 23.00  @  24.00 

No.  3 . 20.00  @  21.00 

Clover  Mixed . 19.00  @  24  00 

Clover .  20.00  @  24.00 

Straw,  Rye . 17.00  @  18.50 

Oat  and  Wheat . 7.00  @  11.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 4.50  @  7.00 

Bulls . 2.50  @  4.65 

Cows .  I.75  @5.00 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs .  7.00  @10.00 

Culls . 3.50  @  5.00 

8heep,  100  lbs . 1.50  ©  3.50 

I-ambs .  5.60  @  6.25 

Hogs . 5.00  @  6.50 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring .  1.10  @  ... 

No.  2.  Red .  .95  @  ... 

No.  2  Hard  Winter .  1.04  ®  ... 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bnsh . 70  @  .75 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 50  @  .55 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 95  @  67 

Barley,  choice .  1.15  ffl  1.25 

MILL  FEED— CAR  LOTS 

Spring  Bran, ton .  26  00  @  27.00 

Standard  Middlings .  27.60  @  30.00 

Red  Dog .  31.00  @  32.00 

Hominy  Chop .  29.00  @  30.20 

Linseed  Meal .  3960  @  40.00 

Corn  Meal . 31.00  @  32.00 

COTTON  _ 

New  York  Middling  Upland .  9.40 

Middling  Gulf .  9.65 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  8.50 

Good  Middling .  9.75 


1.00 

@ 

1.25 

3.00 

@ 

4.00 

.10 

@ 

.20 

.76 

@ 

1.25 

.25 

@ 

.60 

1.50 

@ 

3.50 

.50 

@ 

2.50 

2.00 

@ 

2.50 

.13 

@ 

.13^ 

fa) 

.14 

.08 

© 

.09 

.12 

© 

.13 

.12 

@ 

.13 

.14 

@ 

.15 

.40 

@ 

.50 

.22 

@ 

.23 

.14 

@ 

.20 

.22 

@ 

25 

.18 

@ 

.21 

.15 

© 

.20 

13 

© 

.16 

.16 

© 

.18 

.12 

© 

.15 

1.50 

@ 

4.50 

BOSTON  MARKET  PRICES. 

At  Boston  a  good  demand  for  Thanks¬ 
giving  supply  of  vegetables,  with  prices  fair 
to  good.  Celery  has  sold  well  all  season 
and  is  in  short  supply.  Boston  market  goes 
at  .$2  to  .$2.25  per  dozen  bunches ;  Pascal, 
$1.50  to  $2 ;  White  Plume,  $1.25.  Cucum¬ 
bers  sell  well  at  $5  to  $10  per  bushel  of 
about  100.  Lettuce  sells  better  at  75  cents 
to  $1  per  bushel  box  of  18  heads.  Squash 
sells  fair  for  the  first  time  this  season  at  $1 
to  $1.50  per  barrel.  Pumpkins  go  at  50 
cents  per  box.  Turnips  have  sold  fairly 
well ;  yellow  at  $1  to  $1.25  per  barrel,  60 
cents  per  box ;  white  egg  and  purple  top, 
60  to  75  cents  per  box.  Carrots,  75  cents 
to  $1  per  box ;  beets,  75  to  90  cents ; 
parsnips,  $1  to  $1.25.  Cabbage,  $1.25  pet- 
barrel ;  Savoy,  90  cents ;  red.  $1  per  box. 
Caulillower,  75  to  90  cents  per  box.  Pota¬ 
toes  are  $1.10  per  bushel  in  Boston,  and 
as  high  as  $1.25,  in  some  places  outside 
the.  city.  Sweets,  $4  to  $4.50  per  barrel. 
Onions  are  poor  in  quality  In  many  ease's, 
but  sell  well  ;  best  go  at  $1.25  to  $1.50  per 
bushel,  $2.50  per  bag;  poor  grades,  $2  to 
$2.25  per  bag.  Apples  are  slow  and  in 
large  supply,  especially  the  poorer  grades, 
which  hold  the  market  down.  Baldwins,  if 
fancy,  bring  $2.50  to  $2.75  per  barrel ;  Mc¬ 
Intosh,  $3.50  to  $4 ;  other  good  red  fruit 
between  these  figures.  Green  apples  bring 
about  $2  per  barrel.  Baldwins.  McIntosh 
and  other  good  red  fruit  bring  from  $1  to 
$1.75  per  box.  Common  or  cooking  apples, 
50  cents  to  $1  per  box.  Pears  are  in  storage 
and  sell  well;  Bose  bring  $2.75  to  $3.25; 
Anjou,  $2  to  $2.50 ;  Sheldon.  $2  to  $2.50 ; 
cooking.  $1.25  to  $1.50  per  box.  Cran¬ 
berries  go  at  $5  to  $7  per  barrel  and  $1.75 
to  $2.25  per  box.  Hard  fancy  ones  and  late 
picked  go  as  high  as  $8.50  per  barrel  In  a 
few  eases.  Baking  beans  are  high  and  in 
short  supply.  Peas  and  medium  bring  $2.65 
per  bushel ;  yellow  eyes,  $2.85,  and  kidney 
as  high  as  $3.60.  Hay  is  way  up  for  this 
time  of  year,  best  baled  selling  at  $24  to 
$26  per  ton.  wholesale,  with  other  good 
grades  and  loose  hay  going  at  from  $20  to 
$24  per  ton.  Corn  meal  at  wholesale,  $1.54 
to  $1.58;  retails  at  $1.65  to  $1.70. 

.  Good  grades  of  meat  are  high  ;  on  other 
kinds  prices  not  so  good  and  demand  some¬ 
what  light.  Best  steer  beef.  12  cents 
dressed;  light.  8  to  11  cents.  Cow  beef,  6 
to  9  cents;  veal.  8  to  14  cents.  Lamb  goes 
at  about  9  to  10  cents  for  best,  wholesale. 
Pork  is  selling  well  ;  best  dressed  hogs  go 
at  8  to  9  cents  per  pound.  Turkeys  arc 
high  fojr  good  birds;  best  dressed  birds 
bring  25  to  28  cents  wholesale ;  good  ones 
go  at  20  to  24  cents ;  poorer  birds  bring 
18  to  20  cents,  which  a  few  years  ago  was 
the  price  of  best  ones.  Roasting  chickens 
sold  at  18  to  20  cents  wholesale,  and  25 
cents  retail;  fowls  go  at  14  to  16  cents 
dressed.  11  to  12  cents  live  weight.  But¬ 
ter  is  high  and  firm  ;  best  brings  33  to  35 
cents  per  pound  wholesale,  and  30  to  32 
cents  for  cheaper  and  cooking  grades. 
Cheese,  14  to  16  cents  for  cream  and  11 
cents  for  skims;  supply  on  these  is  not 
heavy  and  receipts  are  slow.  Eggs  are  sky 
high,  45  to  50  cents  wholesale  being  the 
figure  foi  fresh  ones,  and  23  to  30  for1 
storage  ones.  Local  fresh  go  at  GO  cents 
retail,  and  hard  to  get.  a.  e.  p. 

During  September  the  Suez  Canal  col¬ 
lected  $2,000,000  in  tolls  from  423  vessels. 

Cocoanuts  to  the  number  of  2.200.000 
arrived  at  New  York  in  one  steamer  from 
Central  America  recently. 

There  are  rn  this  country  1,200  concerns 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  lime,  the 
annual  output  being  about  3.480.000  tons. 

Rats  in  the  Canadian  Northwest  are 
very  destructive  in  the  stacked  wheat,  the 
damage  in  a  single  year  amounting  to 
$2,000,000. 

Consul  Bvlngton  reports  that  the  wheat 
crop  of  England  amounts  to  61.657,568 
bushels,  a  ten  per  cent  increase  over  last 
year.  All  other  grain  and  legume  crops 
are  below  the  average. 

Boston,  Mass.,  now  controls  the  coast¬ 
wise  steamer  trade,  more  than  100  vessels 
from  Atlantic  seaboard  points  using  that 
port.  The  Boston  Dock  Commission  is 
about  to  expend  $9,000,000  in  improve¬ 
ments. 

Germany  has  28,141  co-operative  societies, 
with  membership  of  4,579,740.  Half  of 
these  are  credit  and  mutual  loan  societies; 
2,205  are  consumers’,  and  3,584  agricul¬ 
tural  producers’  societies.  Of  the  latter, 
more  than  3,000  cover  dairy  farming. 

Wisconsin  will  get  about  $10,000,000 
from  this  year’s  potato  crop.  Receipts 
from  Europe  have  been  moderately  large 
this  week,  two  steamers  bringing  65.000 
bushels.  These  foreign  potatoes  have  sold 
readily  at  $2.75  per  bag  of  168  pounds. 

A  farmers’  cooperative  cold  storage  Is 
likely  to  be  built  at  Medina,  N  Y  in  the 
near  future.  Clark  Allis  has  donated  the 
land,  and  a  stone  and  fireproof  building  will 
be  put  up  in  a  location  accessible  to  both 
steam  and  trolley  roads.  Farmers  near 
Medina  have  been  greatly  in  need  of  such 
a  storage  this  year  for  the  handling  of 
their  apples  and  cabbage. 

The  cities  of  Nuremberg  and  Fuerth  are 
buying  potatoes  by  ttie  carload  and  retailing 
to  consumers  at  cost  in  50  and  100-pound 
lots.  An  unusual  demand  for  foreign  po¬ 
tatoes  lias  been  noted  in  Germany,  imports 
during  September  amounting  to  93.083  tons, 
four  times  as  much  as  the  previous  year 
1  he  shortage  was  caused  by  drought.  Most 
of  these  imports  are  from  Holland. 

The  better  grades  of  butter  are  now  five 
to  nine  cents  higher  at  New  York  than  last 
year  Production  is  a  little  under  normal, 
and  the  snow,  which  blocked  railroad  yards 
and  make  trucking  difficult,  has  still  further 
lessened  the  supply.  Speculators  are  selling 
storage  butter  at  a  profit  of  five  to  eight 
cents.  The  present  wholesale  price  of  best 
dairy  and  creamery,  35  to  30  cents  means 
anywhere  from  40  to  50  cents  to  the  con¬ 
sumer,  a  price  so  far  above  Its  food  value 
as  to  restrict  retail  trade.  This  is  watched 
closely  by  the  large  butter  dealers  and 
speculators,  wlio  have  the  market  under 
their  thumbs  and  shade  prices  enough  to 
keep  tilings  moving  in  a  way  that  will  in¬ 
sure  most  profit  to  themselves. 


All  farm  products  are  bringing  a  fair 
price,  a  little  higher  than  usual,  with  per¬ 
haps  apples  as  an  exception.  The  drought 
in  the  early  part  of  the  Summer  made 
potatoes  scarce  and  consequently  they  are 
now  bringing  a  dollar  a  bushel.  Cabbages 
and  turnips  both  have  a  good  market  ana 
all  kinds  of  grain  bring  a  fair  price. 

Newfield,  N.  Y.  j.  L. 

Hay,  best  quality,  $20  to  $25  per  ton  ; 
straw,  $12  to  $15 ;  wheat,  95  cents  per 
bushel ;  corn,  90  ;  oats,  50 ;  potatoes,  75  to 
90  cents  per  bushel ;  apples,  50  cents  to 
$1  per  bushel.  Cabbage  $10  per  ton  ;  onions, 
$1  per  bushel.  Fresh  milch  cows,  $65  and 
other  grades  $40.  Milk  seven  cents  per 
quart.  Fresh  eggs  50  cents  per  dozen,  stor¬ 
age  eggs  25  cents  per  dozen.  j  h 

Erie,  Pa. 

The  blizzard  November  11,  with  the 
thermometer  at  23.  has  put  me  into  a 
pickle  with  the  Fall  crop  of  cabbages.  i 
had  about  10  tons  (6,000  plants)  just 
getting  ready  to  be  cut  when  the  cold 
came.  As  a  result,  a  good  deal  seems 
dead  or  nearly  so.  while  much  of  the  rest 
seems  at  a  standstill.  This  is  quite  a  loss 
In  a  country  where  cabbages  sell  at  five 
cents  per  pound  retail.  The  fruit  cron 
also  having  failed,  if  it  was  not  for  my 
Alfalfa  I  would  be  badly  left.  Are  there 
any  varieties  of  cabbages  that  can  stand 
more  cold  than  others?  If  so  what  are 
they?  I  overcame  the  hot  sun  at  time  of 
transplanting  by  shading,  and  the  drought 
by  irrigating ;  now  if  I  can  learn  to  over¬ 
come  the  effect  of  blizzards  I  shall  be 
elected  yet.  „  j.  w  s 

Mexla,  Texas. 

The  month  of  November  was  one  of  ex¬ 
tremes  in  regard  to  weather,  sometimes  hot 
and  then  suddenly  cold.  On  the  29th  we. 
had  a  thunder  shower.  Not  a  very  heavy 
fall  of  rain  yet  to  help  the  wells  and  cis¬ 
terns.  Much  Fall  plowing  is  being  done. 
Many  farmers  are  busy  shredding  corn  and 
thrashing  beans.  Corn  is  yielding  very 
well,  hut  beans  are  not  as  good  as  last 
year:  the  largest  yield  reported  is  25 
bushels  per  acre.  Land  is  booming,  at  $100 
to  $125  per  acre.  Very  little  stock  will  be 
fed.  on  account  of  the  high  price  of  feed 
and  low  price  of  fat  stock.  Wheat.  92 
rents;  oats,  50  cents;  barley,  $1.15;  beans. 
Red  Kidney,  $2.65 ;  Red  Marrows.  $2.50 
per  bushel.  Hay,  $20  per  ton  ;  potatoes,  $1 
per  bushel.  Butter.  32  cents.  Eggs,  38 
cents.  Veal,  eight  cents ;  lambs,  five  cents. 

Canandaigua,  N.  Y.  e.  t.  n. 

Price  of  milch  rows  $50  to  $60  per  head  ; 
horses  $150,  $200.  $250.  according  to  size. 
Pork,  $8  per  100  dressed;  veal  seven  to 
eight  cents  per  pound  alive;  sheep  $5  per 
head;  chickens  15  cents  per  pound  dressed; 
hay  $18  to  $20  per  ton;  oat  straw  $8; 
rye  $12;  onions  $1  per  bushel;  cabbage  four 
cents  per  head  ;  beets  and  turnips  40  cents 
per  bushel.  Milk  is  10  cents  less  than  last 
year;  October  $1.75  per  100  pounds;  No¬ 
vember  $1.90;  December  $1.90,  Borden’s 
prices.  D.  E.  w. 

Tracy  Creek,  N.  Y. 

CONTENTS 

The  Rural  New-Yorker,  December  16, 
1911. 

FARM  TOPICS. 

Some  Back  to  the  Land  Experience 
r„,  ^  „  1189,  1190 

That  Big  Corn  Yield  Once  More....  1190 

The  Question  of  Fall  Plowing .  1190 

Corn  Troubles . 1191 

The  Fordhook  Squash-Field  Culture.  1192 

Southern  Soil  ami  Grass .  1192 

Late  Rains  and  Potatoes .  1193 

Baled  Corn  Fodder . 1194 

Frost-proof  Farm  Storage .  1195 

Hope  Farm  Notes .  1196 

Lime  on  Old  Land .  1196 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

Hens  and  Hogs  in  Orchards .  1193 

A  Guernsey  Bull  at  Work .  12n-j 

Some  Difficulties  in  Churning .  1202 

Purebred  Cattle  and  Milk .  1202 

Winter  Care  of  Horses .  1202 

Milk  .  1203 

The  Milch  Goat  . j*  1203 

How  They  Saved  the  Chicks .  1204 

Ration  for  Horse .  1204 

Cotton-seed  Meal  for  Hens .  1205 

Figuring  Profits  .  1205 

Lime  on  Poultry  Droppings .  1205 

Enamel  Paint  in  the  Cow  Barn....  1206 
Lameness  .  1206 

HORTICULTURE. 

The  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  Apple  Show  of 

the  Chamber  of  Commerce .  1191 

Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y„  Apple  Trees .  1191 

Snow’s  Orange  Peaeli .  1192 

The  Nursery  Tree  Question . !  1192 

Buckwheat  Straw  on  Strawberries..  1193 
Ontario  Horticultural  Exhibition....  1193 

Top-working  Apples  on  Stark .  1194 

Lucille  Grape  .  1195 

Hickory  and  Chestnut  Borers .  1197 

Persian  Walnut  in  Virginia .  1197 

California  Peach  Seeds .  1197 

Utah  Cantaloupes  .  1197 

Forcing  Lettuce  .  1197 

WOMAN  AND  TnE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day . . .  \  200 

The  Rural  Patterns  .  1200 

Pumpkin  Indian  Pudding .  1200 

Building  a  Dumb  Waiter .  1201 

Diaries  .  1201 

Ilardonburg  Cake  . 1201 

One  Way  of  Smoking  Meat  .  1201 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

A  Concrete  Watering  Trough .  1192 

Best  Cooler  for  Gasoline  Engines....  1193 

“The  Consumer’s  Dollar” .  1194 

A  Tight'  Cellar  Wanted .  1194 

Keeping  a  Record .  1194 

How  They  Hold  Us  Up .  1195 

A  Farm  Cistern  .  1195 

Editorials  .  1198 

Other  People’s  Money . *.  H99 

Events  of  the  Week .  1199 

N.  Y.  School  Superintendents  Meet..  1199 

Publisher’s  Desk  .  1206 

Money  Interests  and  Railways .  1206 

Humorous  .  1208 


To  McMILLAN  FUR  &  WOOL  CO. 

MINNEAPOLIS,  MINN. 

Old  Reliable  <35  yra.)  and  Larareat  Dealers  in  the  Northwest. 

Pay  High  Prices.  Quick  Returns.  Satisfaction. 
C  fnn  I  Circulars  to  anyone  Interested  In  Raw  Furs. 
I  ICC.  Trappers  Guido  to  those  who  ship  to  us 


— - - - - a _ _ _ _ _ _ 

WANTED^KxPert  5PPl®  tree  trimmer;  family 
HU  I  til  man.  Work  year  around. 

SAM’L  H.  DERBY  &  CO,,  Woodside.  Del. 

FARM  HANDS  &  LABORERS  Wanted 

in  an  institution.  Salary,  $30  a  month  and  main¬ 
tenance.  Send  references  with  application.  Apply 

to  the  Superintendent  of  Letchworth  Villaue.  Thiells,  N.  Y. 

WANTFn_MARRTED  COUPLE-Man  for  gen- 

H/*1"  1  eral  farm,  good  with  team,  $30  month: 
wife  to  board  help,  20c.  meal;  March  1st  Give 

ca^r'i?X’J}?r,^?iJnre5ponsible  Parties  considered. 
SHELDONCROFT,  Silver  Lake,  Pa. 

W A NTF fl — AGENTS  to  sell  Farmers’  Account  Book. 
M  Oil  I  LU  Quick  seller.  Special  inducements  till 
holidays.  v  Address  L.  L.  Sypners,  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. 

MAOAZI3NTES 

A  magazine  makes  a  splendid  Xmas  present  for  a 
friend,  and  is  easy  done;  also  a  nice  gift  card  free 
„  B°st  clubbing  rates  and  service. 
10U  Catalogue  free.  A.  J.  SMITH, 

_ Best  Alagazine  Service,  Hilton,  N.  Y. 

XlEAIa  ESTATE 


FOR  SALE — AA'l?°.lc!,ar<1  'n  Piedmont  section 


.  ...  ~  —  ui  Virginia;  uuu  trees  2U  years  c 

1 6  PiPPins  and  Wine  Sap,  J. 
WOODSON,  Lowesvillk,  Nelson  Co.,  Virginia 


of  Virginia:  600  trees  20  years  old, 
rift  Pinnins  nn/i  Wiuo  .Qow  1  g 

a. 

W^.  SELL  GOOD  FARMS  in  Oceana,  greatest  fruit  Co. 

in  y.  S.;  also  grain,  potatoes,  alfalfa,  dairying. 
Write  for  list,  etc,  HANSON  &  SOX,  Hart,  .Mich. 

IRfl  Farmc  FOR  ftAhK  CHEAP,  in  fertile 
■  Q 1 1 1 1 0  Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
and  map  free.  Horace  G.  Keeper,  Newtown,  Pa. 

FflR  ^ A  I  F-R,var  Fnrn'i  lf’°  acres;  21  head  cattle;  2 
I  WII  iIHLL  horses;  all  fanning  tools;  1911  crops;  build¬ 
ings  good.  15.000;  .  ash,  *3,000. 

CRANSTON'S  AGENCY,  Cannonsville,  Delaware  County,  N.  Y. 


r I  (IQ  I  fl  A  ^  ou  can  buy  your  winter  homesite 
riLInlUA  at  Allandale,  Port  Orange,  on  fa- 
"  mous  East  Coast,  and  build  your 
HflMF^ITFQ  honle  for  less  than  the  cost  of 
niHVILOl  I  CO  wintering  at  a  Florida  hotel. 

Fishing,  boating,  finest  automobile  racecourse  on 
cean  beach.  Write  for  the  Allandale  booklet. 

THE  ALLANDAtE  COMPANY,  DayUna,  Florida 

FINE  MARYLAND  FARI&SSi^sffJSS! 

250  under  active  state  of  cultivation,  balance  in 
wood,  20  acres  of  which  refused  offer  of  $50.00  per 
acre  on  stump.  Land  best  in  Maryland  for  corn, 
wheat,  grass.  In  heart  of  rich  section  of  the  richest 
county:  7  room  dwelling  in  good  condition,  barns 
and  outbuildings  amply  sufficient.  Excellent  neigh¬ 
borhood,  6  miles  from  R.  R.  on  State  road  to  ho 
macadamized.  16  miles  from  Baltimore.  $50  00 
per  acre.  A  reduction  made  and  exceptional 
easy  terms  offered  to  quick  taker. 

Edward  It.  Powell,  Ellicott  City,  Maryland. 

New  Jem  Fir|$-«y*,nci,pS!S3: 

Send  for  list,  A.  Warren  Dresser,  Burlington,  N.  J. 

Farm  of  207  Acres-  houses,  nine  and  eight 

rooms;  two  poultry  houses,  liog  house,  three  base¬ 
ment  barns,  200  apple  trees.  Two  miles  from  rail¬ 
road  and  markets.  Last  year’s  income,  $2,200. 
Price  to  quick  buyer,  $4,200-$l,000  cash,  the  balance, 
hve  per  cent.  HALL’S  FA RM 
AGENCY,  Owego,  Tioga  County,  New  York. 


POULTRY  AND  HOTHOUSE  LAMBS 

Ship  to  WM.  II.  COHEN  CO.,  Commission  Mer- 
chmitH  .  .  .  -  229  Washington  St.,  New  York 


PLEASE  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com¬ 
mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter, 
Eggs,  Poultry,  Pork,  Calves,  Hay,  Grain,  Beans, 
Apples,  etc.  E.  B.  WOODWARD,  302  Greenwich  St.,  N.  Y 

Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  CO.,  Com¬ 
mission  Merchants.  284  Washington  St., New  York. 

JOHN  C.  QUICK  CO. 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS,  34  JAY  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

Dressed  Poultry  and  Eggs  Our  Specialties 

QUICK  Returns  Our  Motto.  Established  1855 

you  r  Dressed  Turkeys,  Ducks  and  Geese 

- TO - 

GEO.  OLIVER  &  COMPANY 

Established  1SSO 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 
West  Washington  Market  New  York,  N.  Y. 
PROMPT  RETURNS 


Poultry  for  the  Holidays 

APPLES,  PEARS  and  all  Fruits  and 
Vegetables,  Fancy  Eggs,  Hothouse 
Products.  Top  prices  secured  for 
choice  goods.  Correspondence  solicited. 

Archdeacon  &  Co.,  100  Murray  St.,  New  York 

The  Rochester  Produce 

&  Commission  Company 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 
Highest  Prices  Paid  for  Butter,  Cheese,  Eggs,  Lard, 
Poultry,  Calves,  Beans,  Potatoes,  Etc. 

244-246  Clinton  Avenue,  North  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.,  -  Boston. 


Hay  is  $19  a  ton;  potatoes  95  cents  a 
bushel  ;  wheat,  93  cents  a  bushel ;  oats, 
55  cents ;  cabbage,  $22  a  ton  ;  corn  selling 
from  null  at  90  cents.  Apples  nearly  all 
sold,  also  potatoes.  Large  quantity  of 
cabbage  in  storage.  h  f‘c 

North  Bloomfield,  N.  Y. 


ALONG 
J  HE 


CHOICE  VIRGINIA  FARMS 

C.  &  Om  Ry — As  Low  /Is  $1 5.00  Per  Acre 

Fertile  10  acre  (adjoining)  tracts  of  land,  suitable  for  poultry,  truck  and  fruit,  near  Railway 
station,  only  $275.  20  acres  for  $500.  "Country  Life  in  Virginia”  booklet  of  134  pages  gives 

full  description  of  broad  tracts  for  alfalfa,  corn,  and  other  grains  and  grasses.  Abundant  rainfall — 
excellent  markets — delightful  climate.  Low  excursion  rates  and  booklet  free.  Address  : 

K.  T.  CRAWLEY,  Industrial  Agent.  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railway,  Richmond,  Va.  Box  A.T. 


1208 


THE  RURAb  NE^W-YORKER 


December  16,  1911. 


HUMOROUS 

“There  goes  Spriggins.  They  say  that 
man  has  been  given  up  by  half  a 
dozen  doctors.”  “What’s  the  trouble 
with  him?”  “He  won’t  pay  his  bills.” 
— Boston  Transcript. 

“Hello,  Debbs!  You  look  like  an¬ 
other  man  after  your  vacation.”  “I  am 
another  man,”  retorted  the  individual 
addressed.  “My  name,  sir,  is  Dingbat.” 
— Washington  Herald. 

“Any  malaria  around  here?”  asked 
the  tourist.  “Some  say  they  is  an’ 
some  say  they  ain’t,”  replied  the  native. 
“It  ’pears  to  depend  mos’ly  on  whether 
the  person  enjoys  the  kind  of  medicine 
that’s  mos’ly  took  fur  it.” — Washington 
Star. 

“Mamma,  is  that  lady  the  snake 
charmer?  Why,  she’s  as  homely  as  a 
mud  fence!”  “Yes,  dear,  but  snakes  are 
not  like  men.  It  takes  something  more 
than  mere  personal  beauty  to  charm  a 
snake.” — Chicago  Tribune. 

“Is  your  boy  Josh  much  of  a  help  to 
you?”  “Yes,”  replied  Farmer  Corntos- 
sel.  “He’s  makin’  a  collection  of  in¬ 
sects.  Of  course,  he  don’t  catch  as  many 
as  he  could  if  he  wouldn’t  stop  to  label 
’em,  but  every  little  helps.” — Wash- 
ton  Star. 

Jones  was  always  very  tactful.  This 
is  what  he  wrote:  “Dear  Mrs.  Smith — 
Your  husband  cannot  come  home  to¬ 
day  because  his  clothes  were  blown  up 
in  a  boiler  explosion.  P.  S'. — Poor 
Smith  was  inside  cf  the  clothes.” — To¬ 
ledo  Blade. 

“Guess  I’ll  hitch  up  the  old  mare  to 
the  wagon  and  drive  down  to  the  depot 
to  meet  those  new  city  boarders,”  said 
the  farmer.  “Why  don’t  you  run  down 
in  the  machine?”  said  his  wife.  “It 
won’t  do,”  replied  the  farmer  sadly.  “I”d 
like  to,  but  it  isn’t  business.  You  see 
I  advertised  this  place  as  having  all 
the  comforts  of  an  old-fashioned  farm 
and  I’ve  got  to  give  ’em  what  they  ex¬ 
pect.” — Watertown  (N.  Y.)  Times. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
It.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal."  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


SAVE  HALF  Your 
Paint  Bills 

By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT— proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 
Only  Paint  endorsed  by  the  “Grange.'' 
Made  in  all  colors, — for  all  purposes. 
DELIVERED  FREE. 

From  the  Mill  Direct  to  You  at  Factory  Prices. 

INGERSOLL  PAINT  BOOK  — FREE 

Telle  all  about  Paint  and  Painting  f*lr  Durability. 
How  to  avoid  trouble  and  expense  caused  by  painte 
fading,  chalking  and  peeling.  Valuable  information 
fres  to  you.  with  Sample  Color  Cards.  Writ*  me.  SO 
XT  NOW.  I  can  save  you  money. 

0.  W.  Ingersoll,  24b  Plymouth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.V. 


EMe$useKEROSENE 


Gasoline,  Distillate— Any  Fuel  Oil. 


QUALITY  FIRST 

Smooth  running,  steady 
powerful,  quiet.  Ten 
cl usi ve  features.  Fine 
penrance.  Finished  seven 
engine  enamel. 

Greatest  value  In  the  en¬ 
gine  world  for  the  price 

Number  of  1912  exhibi¬ 
tion  engines  ready  now. 

Get  one.  Special 
while  they  last. 

Free  Trial 

Noobligatioostillsatis- 
fled.  io-year  6  uarantoo 

Write  for  Catalogue 

ELLIS  ENGINE  CO. 

-  107  Mullet  St..  Detroit  Mloh. 


VTe  Pay  the 
Freight. 


rAs  low  as  $10 -v 

And  any  boy  can  operate  it  and  earn  the 
price  of  this  saw  in  two  days  easily  by 
contracting  to  saw  lumber,  firewood,  lath, 
fences,  posts,  etc.,  for  neighbors. 

Hertzler  &  Zook 


Portable 

Wood 


Earn  is  positively  the  cheapest  and  best 
fu  saw  made.  Liberally  guaranteed  for 
*  "  "  "  X  year— will  last  many  years. 

Strictly  factory  prices  —  you 
save  jobbers’  profits.  Stick 
sits  low— saw  draws  it  on 
immediately  machine 
starts— ensuring  ease  of 
operation.  Only  $10  saw  to 
which  ripping  table  can  be 
added.  Write  for  catalogue. 

HEBTZLER  &  ZOOK  CO. 
Box  3  Belleville,  fa. 


JP1 

. '  • 


i  I  y 


WWSSk 

“  IT  *  1  ' 


Replace  Your  Old  Foundations 
r  With  Concrete 

°  take  any  chances.  If  the  supports  of  any  of  your  buildings 
m  ning  to  show  signs  of  rotting  or  crumbling,  replace  them 
®  :rete  right  cm>ay.  Don’t  go  back  to  wood  or  brick. 

er  material  should  ever  be  used  for  this  purpose.  Concrete  alone  Is 
t  is  rat  and  mouse  proof,  will  never  decay  and  is  absolutely  rigid 
cr,  ding  even  under  the  severest  stress  and  strain. 

f  rUTl^U  PORTLAND 

LLnlMlGBMENT 

..  rj 

she  ""  a>  your  unvarying  choice  for  every  purpose  of  concrete  construction. 
Its  -^r^jing  strength  and  durability  place  it  in  a  class  by  itself.  It  is  the 
best  cement  for  buildings,  barns,  water-troughs,  corn  cribs,  fence  posts,  etc. 

A  good  dealer  in  your  own  town  handles  Lehigh.  Remember  that  name— 
Lehigh— look  for  the  Lehigh  trade-mark  if  you  want  to  be  sure  of  the  best. 

A  handsome  book— containing  valuable  information — giving  full  directions 
for  the  use  of  concrete  on  the  farm — sent  free.  Just  your  name  and  address  on 
a  postal  will  do.  Send  today. 

LEHIGH  PORTLAND  CEMENT  COMPANY 

(11  mills— 11,000,000  bbls.  yearly  capacity) 

Dept.  A,  Allentown,  Pa. 


Big  Stumps  Pulled 

Quick  and  Easy 


Mo  Stump  can 
Reafat 

the  Hercules 

Pulls  an  acre  a  day.  It  doubles  land  values.  Enables  you  to 
grow  crops  instead  of  paying  taxes  on  land  that  yields  nothing. 

HERCULES 

More  power  than  a  tractor.  60  per  cent  lighter, 
400  per  cent  stronger  than  cast  iron  puller.  30 


days’  free  trial.  3-year  guarantee  to  replace, 
free,  all  castings  that  break  from  any  cause 
whatever.  Double  safptv  it  tchcts  insure  safe¬ 
ty  to  men  and  team.  Accurate  turning  means 
light  draft.  Mail  postdi  for  tree  book  show-  J 
ing  photos  and  letters  from  owners.  Tells* 

Jipw  to  turn  stump  land  into  big 

money.  Special  introductory  price  proposition  will 
.  interest  you.  Write  now. 

JIEHCULES  MF(i.  CO..  ISO— 17th  St. 
Centerville,  Iowa 


To  Farmers  who  buy  $30  Fertilizers 

put  a  third 

of  your  fertilizer  money 
in  the  bank! 


■fVi’jc*  You  have  a  fairly  clear  idea  of  how 
tlHOs  much  money  you  will  invest  in  ferti¬ 
lizer  this  season.  Take  One  Third 
of  it  and  put  it  in  the  Bank  and  buy  Stockbridge 
Double  Strength  Fertilizers  with  what  you  have  left. 
You  can  do  this  only  because  $20  worth  of  Stock- 
bridge  will  go  as  far  as  a  ton  of  any  fertilizer 
selling  at  $30  and  supply  plant  food  in  better  forms. 
The  Stockbridge  contains  twice  as  much  nitrogen  and 
frequently  five  times  as  much  potash  as  the  aver¬ 
age  fertilizer  selling  at  $25  to  $30  per  ton. 

Look  at  the  Analysis  on  the  Bag 
and  Prove  our  Statement. 

160  Bushels  Shelled  Corn  on  one  acre  harvest 
weight,  testing  out  by  analysis  112  bushels  shelled 
crib-dry  com  was  grown  this  year  by  L.  S.  White, 
Collinsville,  Conn.,  on  Stockbridge  exclusively,  win¬ 
ning  first  prize  of  $500.  Send  for  circular  about 
this  great  prize  crop  and  how  it  was  grown. 

600  Bushels  Potatoes  from  1 H  acres  were  grown  by 
Johnson  Whiting,  West  Tisbury,  Mass.,  this  season 
on  Stockbridge. 

See  our  Nearest  Local  Agent  before  you  buy.  Cata¬ 
logues  Free.  Agents  wanted  in  towns  not  now  covered. 

Address,  Department  E. 

DAlirT/rD  FERTILIZER  COMPANY 
JjlJ  W  IVEi-tV  60  Trinity  Place,  New  York. 


Loading  carriers  with  asphalt  at  Trinidad  Lake 

Genasco 

the  Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt  Roofing 

has  the  life  that  only  nat¬ 
ural^  asphalt  can  give  roof¬ 
ing  to  make  it  lastingly 
resist  all  kinds  of  weather. 

The  Kant-Ieak  Kleet  makes  the  roof- 
seams  watertight  without  cement,  and 
prevents  nail-leaks.  Ask  your  dealer 
for  Genasco  with  Kant-leak  Kleets 
packed  in  the  roll. 

The  Barber  Asphalt 
Paving  Company 

Largest  producers  of  asphalt,  and  lar^st 
manufacturer*  of  ready  roofing  In  the  world- 

Philadelphia 

New  York  San  Francisco  Chicago 


Cross-section  Genasco  Stone-surface  Roofing 

Gravel 

Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 
Asphalt-saturated  Wool  Felt 
MMMMWMM  Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt 

Asphalt-saturated  Wool  Felt 


Save  Money  on  Feed 

Grind  the  corn  and  cob  together  and  your  stock  will  surely 
produce  more  meat  and  milk.  Nutrition  alone  is  not 
enough ,  you  must  feed  bulk  also.  Put  your  grain  through  a 

new  o/kdland 

mm 

obtain  25  per  cent,  extra 
tens  hogs  and  steers 
quickly  and  ensures 
more  mlik  in  the  pail. 
New  Holland  Feed  Mill 
can  be  adjusted  to  grind 
coarse  or  fine.  It  is  easy  to 
operate — prices  are  extra  low  this 
year  to  induce  big  sales.  11  The 
Right  Way  to  Feed  Grain”  is  a 
booklet  every  farmer  needs  —  it’s 
free.  These  are  the  best  and  lowest 
priced  feed  mills  on  the  market;  bo 
write  to-day. 

New  Holland  Machine  Co.,  Box  41 ,  New  Holland,  Pa. 


IDEAL  FEED  MILLS 


For  over  forty  years 
we  have  made  a 
business  of  building 
Feed  Mills,  with  the 
result  that  our  present 
tvpes  of  machines  em¬ 
body  all  good  features, 
and  are  built  with  a 
view  of  easy  opera¬ 
tion,  long  life  and  large 
capacity.  We  have 
them  (or  all  classes  of 
grinding. 

Send  for  catalog. 


AlsoWindmillt.  Pump  Jacks  and  Gasoline  Engines 


STOVER  MANUFACTURING  CO. 
a  188  Ideal  Ave.,  Freeport.  111. 


Free  Trial 

FREIGHT  PAID 

We  will  send  you  any  one  of  our  44  year 
famous  Quaker  City  Feed  Mills  and  If 
mill  is  not  entirely  satisfactory  at  end 
of  trial,  you  can  return  same  at  OUR  EXPENSE. 

Sold  direct  from  factory  to  user.  23  styles,  rang¬ 
ing  from  hand  to  20  horse  power,  to  select  from. 

Quaker  City  Feed  Mills 

make  and  save  big  money  wherever  used  for  grindingcorn 
and  cob  and  all  kinds  of  small  grain  separately  or  mixed ; 
table  meal,  SHUCK  and  KAFFIR  CORN,  fine,  medium  , 
or  coarse ;  also  grind  soft  and  wet  corn.  Our  free  trial  and 
guarantee  absolutely  protect  you.  We  also  handle  Engines. 
Cutters,  Shellers,  etc.  Send  for  FREE  CATALOG. 

THE  A.  W.  STRAUB  CO. 

Dept.  E.  3740  Filbert  St.,Phila.,Pa. 

Dept.  T,  3709  So.  Ashland  Ave. 
Chicago,  Illinois 


SCIENTIFIC  SWEEP  MILL 

This  No.  6  triple  geared,  double  act- 
g  sweep  mill  has  more  capacity  and 
ill  do  better  work  than  any  other 
two-horse  mill;  It 

TURNS  CORN 
TO  DOLLARS 

Avoid  waste,  and  make 
big  profits  by  grind¬ 
ing  your  feed  with 
one  of  our  mills.  We 
make  power  mills  also 
for  engines  of  any  size. 
Send  for  free  catalog. 
THE  BAUER  BROS.  CO.,  Box  415  Springfield,  Ohio 

HARVEY  BOLSTER  SPRINGS 

.Soon  save  their  cost  Make  every  wagon  a  ■prlnf 
i  wagon,  therefore  fruit  vegetables,  eggs,  etc. 

■  bring  more  money.  Ask  for  special  proposition. 

J  ILsntj  Bprioff  Co.,  2X6-  17th  St,  Racine,  Wi*. 


GUARANTEED 


/'"Y  DEC  21  V 


Vol.  LXX.  No.  4130.  NEW  YORK.  DECEMBER  23,  1911.  weekly,  si.oo  per  year 


POTATOES  AND  HIGH  CULTURE. 

To  Kill  Out  Witch  Grass. 

Potato  growers,  and  particularly  those  who  have 
been  forced  to  fight  witch  grass,  will  be  interested 
in  the  following  interview  with  W.  T.  Guptill  of 
Sagadahoc  Co.  Maine.  We  must,  of  course,  remem¬ 
ber  that  in  advocating  such  late  planting  Mr.  Guptill 
refers  to  his  locality  or  latitude.  We  would  not 
advise  farmers  south  of  New  York  to  depend  on  such 
late  planting. 

“In  an  address  you  made  before  the  Wales  Grange 
you  said  if  you  could  have  a  good  witch  grass  sod 
you  were  sure  of  a  good  crop  of  potatoes.  Did  you 
mean  that?” 

“Yes;  I  meant  exactly  that.” 

“Is  a  witch  grass  sod  ideal  for  raising 
potatoes  ?” 

“Yes;  if  you  are  a  potato  raiser;  if 
you  are  not,  it  is  probably  the  very- 
worst  kind  of  sod  -you  could  have  pre¬ 
sented  to  you.” 

“What  do  you  mean  by  a  potato 
raiser?” 

“The  man  who  follows  the  potato 
gamble  year  in  and  year  out,  who  de¬ 
pends  upon  this  crop  to  feed  his  family, 
to  pay  his  bills  and  furnish  the  com¬ 
forts  of  home,  is  entitled  to  be  called  a 
potato  raiser.” 

“Are  there  no  terrors  in  witch  sod 
for  such  an  one?” 

“No;  not  any;  with  the  proper  equip¬ 
ment  of  tools  witch  grass  just  adds 
zest  to  the  battle.  Whoever  continues 
to  gain  a  livelihood  from  potatoes  must 
handle  them  entirely  with  tools,  and 
whoever  learns  the  right  time  to  use  the 
proper  tool  has  no  fear  of  witch  grass 
nor  of  weeds.” 

“Tell  us  how  you  begin  the  battle  and 
how  end  it?” 

“I  begin  the  battle  by  breaking  the 
sod  deep  just  before  the  ground  closes, 
taking  a  great  deal  of  pains  to  turn 
every  foot  of  every  furrow.  I  end  it 
two  years  from  then  with  an  absolutely 
clean  field,  having  taken  off  two  crops 
of  potatoes.  The  intermediate  steps  are 
easy  if  you  have  the  equipment — if  you 
haven’t  and  are  bound  to  raise  potatoes, 
you  would  better  get  it.” 

“What  is  the  first  thing  to  do  after 
the  sod  is  broken?” 

“Wait  patiently  until  the  frost  comes 
out  and  the  ground  shows  dry  or  light 
colored  in  patches  around  over  the 
piece.  Then  hitch  onto  your  disk  harrow;  if  it  is  an 
old  one,  two  or  three  years  old.  take  apart  before 
this  and  go  to  a  machine  shop  or  some  other  place 
where  there  is  an  emery  wheel  turned  by  power  and 
spend  10  hours  grinding  it.  Grind  it,  in  fact,  until  the 
edge  around  each  disk  is  unpleasant  to  rub  your  finger 
on.  Hitch  onto  this  harrow  and  set  your  lever  out 
half  way  and  cover  your  field  lengthwise  of  the  fur¬ 
rows,  unless  there  are  places  unusually  wet;  if  there 
are  turn  out  for  these.  (Always  allow  your  harrow 
to  lap  half  its  width.)  When  you  have  covered  the 
field  lengthwise,  cross  it  with  the  lever  as  before. 
After  crossing  it  throw  the  lever  of  the  harrow  clear 
open  and  always  work  with  it  that  way  afterward  on 
that  piece.  Cover  this  field  now  lengthwise  again. 
Here  are  three  harrowings,  and  the  surface  ought  to 


be  fairly  well  loosened;  if  it  isn’t,  harrow  it  some 
more;  don’t  leave  it  if  there  is  a  spot  in  it  that  you 
dread;  if  you  do,  better  plan  to  put  in  another  crop.” 

“Is  the  field  then  ready  for  the  seed?” 

“No;  oh  no!  You  wait  and  we  will  get  to  that  by 
and  by.  If  you  were  blindfolded  and  I  were  to  give 
you  a  handful  of  soil,  could  you  tell  whether  it  was 
ready  for  the  seed  or  not?” 

“Well,  hardly.” 

“I  can’t  tell  you  so  you  would  know,  but  to  the 
man  who  does  know  there  is  as  much  difference  in  its 
feeling  to  the  hand  as  there  is  between  sawdust  and 
ashes.  This  field  has  had  three  harrowings,  now  go 
away  and  leave  it ;  do  something  else.  There  is  some¬ 
thing  that  takes  place  in  the  soil,  just  what  I  won’t 
venture  to  say ;  it  seems  to  be  an  effort  to  return  to 


its  former  condition.  This  effort  continues  for  about 
five  days,  when  the  soil  has  sufficiently  adjusted  itself 
so  that  the  witch  grass  will  stir  itself  to  life  again. 
The  ground  was  probably  too  loose,  too  free  from  its 
roots  for  it  to  start  before.  Don’t  be  mean  with  it, 
let  it  grow  two  days,  and  on  the  seventh  day  from  the 
time  you  began  harrowing  the  first  time  begin  again 
at  the  same  place  and  harrow  in  the  same  way  with 
your  lever  clear  open ;  cross  it,  and  go  to  doing  some¬ 
thing  else  for  seven  days  more.  If  rain  interferes 
with  your  plan,  come  as  near  to  it  as  you  can.  Un¬ 
der  the  most  favorable  circumstances  this  must  be 
done  five  separate  times.” 

“But  you  are  getting  us  ’way  along  into  June.” 

“The  calendar  has  nothing  to  do  with  it.  Never 
plant  a  piece  of  potatoes  until  your  ground  is  ready. 


The  best  piece  of  potatoes  I  have  seen  this  year  was 
planted  June  16.  Last  year  a  piece  planted  July  2 
made  300  bushels  per  acre  September  22.  It  is  not 
always  advisable  to  plant  at  these  times,  but  it  is  cer¬ 
tainly  necessary  to  have  your  ground  in  condition 
whatever  the  time.  We  are  talking  now  about  a 
witch-grass  sod ;  other  fields  I  would  handle  differ¬ 
ently.” 

“Can  you  tell  us  so  we  shall  know  for  a  certainty 
when  the  ground  is  in  condition?” 

“Yes;  if  you  have  harrowed  and  cross-harrowed 
once  a  week  for  five  weeks,  and  you  cannot  find  a 
lump  of  dirt  as  large  as  a  hen’s  egg  that  is  hard,  you 
are  ready  to  plant;  otherwise  harrow  some  more.” 

“Do  you  mean  there  are  to  be  no  sods  left?” 

“That  is  what  I  do.  You  turned  those  sods  all 
down  last  Fall ;  a  disk  harrow  will  not 
tear  them  up.  If  you  are  now  ready  to 
plant,  get  out  your  Acme  harrow  and 
harrow  the  way  the  rows  are  going  to 
run  right  ahead  of  your  planter;  if  you 
haven’t  an  Acme  use  your  disk.  Don’t 
harrow  any  more  than  you  plant  that 
day,  for  this  will  give  you  seven  days’ 
start  of  the  grass.  Use  a  potato  planter, 
of  course,  for  then  you  can  tell  within 
a  few  inches  where  your  seed  is,  and 
you  must  certainly  cultivate  before  the 
plants  are  up  unless  you  have  planted 
very  late.  After  June  20  they  will  us¬ 
ually  be  up  in  seven  days,  but  whether 
they  are  up  or  not,  seven  days  is  the 
limit.  This  is  witch  grass,  remember, 
so  get  out  your  disk  cultivator.  This 
tool  will  not  do  satisfactory  work  where 
the  rows  are  nearer  together  than  40 
inches.  It  straddles  the  row  and  hills 
them  at  the  same  time  it  cultivates.  This 
is  before  they  are  up.  It  cuts  deeper 
than  a  harrow  and  does  a  splendid  job. 
Set  the  disks  to  cut  shoaler  near  the 
row  than  in  the  center.  If  it  takes  more 
than  three  days  to  cultivate  your  field 
start  the  weeder  where  you  began  three 
days  after  you  began;  bear  onto  the 
handles  hard,  or  better,  put  on  it  a 
rock  that  \vill  weigh  50  pounds.  Go 
lengthwise,  taking  two  rows  at  a  time. 
This  is  simply  for  the  purpose  of  level¬ 
ing.  The  tillage  furnished  by  a  weeder 
does  not  amount  to  much.  This  field  is 
now  decently  level,  still  you  can  tell 
where  the  seed  is.  Leave  it  for  five 
days,  then  bring  out  your  spring-tooth 
sulky  cultivator,  and  cultivate;  follow 
with  weeder  without  weight.  Your 
field  is  now  level,  your  rows  are  en¬ 
tirely  obliterated,  and  you  must  wait,  whatever  hap¬ 
pens,  until  your  potatoes  break  ground  enough  to 
show  you  where  the  rows  are  before  you  can  do  any¬ 
thing  more.  When  they  do  break  ground  so  that  you 
can  follow  the  row  from  occasional  hills,  get  out  your 
horse  hoe.  This  tool  straddles  the  row,  pulling  the 
dirt  from  either  side  into  a  ridge  on  top  of  the  row. 
It  does  better  work  than  any  other  device  I  have  ever 
seen.  Don’t  wait  until  all  of  the  hills  are  up,  but  use 
it  as  soon  as  the  row  can  be  followed.  Bury  this 
piece  of  potatoes,  tops  and  all,  bury  them  three  or 
four  inches  deep.  You  must  have  fresh  dirt  around 
them  now,  for  you  won’t  get  more  than  one  more 
whack;  do  your  best,  the  soil  close  up  to  the  potatoes 
before  the  tops  are  too  large  to  work  around.  Two 
days  after  you  bury  rhe  tops  go  over  the  field  length- 


THE  YOUNG  GARDENER  AND  HIS  CROP.  Fig.  493. 


1210 

wise  with  your  weeder,  not  weighted,  and  knock 
down  the  hills.  Now  the  chief  part  of  your  cul¬ 
tivating  is  done,  and  your  potatoes  are  scarcely  in 
sight.  When  they  get  up  six  inches  or  so  cultivate 
with  the  spring- tooth  sulky  cultivator;  if  the  tops  are 
not  large  enough  for  final  hilling  leave  it  again. 
When  they  are,  cultivate  and  hoe.  There  may  be 
some  particularly  tough  spot  that  will  show  grass;  if 
there  is  we  will  tend  to  that  next  year.” 

“Won’t  there  be  any  grass  come  between  the  rows?” 

“Well,  you  have  a  one-horse  cultivator,  haven’t 
you?  Put  on  a  whiffletree  12  inches  long  and  work 
over  the  field,  hanging  onto  the  handles.  The  rows 
are  far  enough  apart  so  you  can  work  it  as  needed  all 
Summer;  better  use  the  wings  on  your  cultivator.” 

“I  understand  that  the  witch  grass  is  all  done 
now  ?” 

“I  rather  you  wouldn’t  be  quite  so  bold  about  that 
statement.  There  isn’t  any  between  the  rows,  is  there? 
The  digger  will  disturb  what  there  is  in  the  rows  at 
digging  time,  yet  if  you  were  to  seed  this  piece  when 
the  potatoes  came  off  or  were  to  plow  and  sow  to 
grain  and  grass  the  next  Spring  you  probably  would 
have  lots  of  it,  but  let  the  land  lie  as  the  digger  leaves 
it  this  Fall.  Plow  deep  in  the  Spring,  harrow  and 
cross-harrow  two  or  three  times,  and  there  never  will* 
be  a  spear  of  grass.  That  grass  is  done.  This  time 
you  can  plant  your  rows  30  inches  apart  and  raise 
potatoes  on  plain  sailing.” 

“What  do  you  mean  by  raising  potatoes  on  plain 
sailing?” 

“That  is  another  story.” 


“THE  MILLER  AS  A  MIDDLEMAN.” 

On  page  1130  there  appears  an  article,  “The  Miller 
as  Middleman.”  A  Pennsylvania  farmer  takes  $33 
worth  of  wheat  to  mill,  which  he  exchanges  for  va¬ 
rious  mill  products.  The  miller  according  to  figures 
given  apparently  makes  a  profit  of  $33.34.  The  editor 
invites  any  miller  among  his  readers  to  set  the  figures 
right  if  they  are  wrong.  In  working  out  this  particu¬ 
lar  transaction  referred  to  it  is  necessary  to  figure 
without  complete  data.  1  feel,  however,  that  I  am 
competent  to  make  a  few  explanatory  remarks  that 
will  give  the  many  readers  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  an  idea 
of  the  relations  and  business  methods  as  they  exist 
and  are  commonly  practiced  between  the  farmer  and 
miller  in  the  rural  districts  of  New  York  and  Penn¬ 
sylvania. 

Thirty  years  ago  the  farmer  took  the  grist  of  wheat 
to  mill,  the  miller  ground  it  with  a  set  of  burr  stones, 
made  the  separations  of  flour,  bran  and  middlings  by 
means  of  a  single  bolting  reel,  took  the  customary 
amount  of  toll  of  about  one-tenth,  and  the  farmer 
went  home  with  the  product  of  his  own  wheat.  Be¬ 
tween  1880  and  1885  the  methods  of  flour  milling  were 
completely  revolutionized  by  the  advent  of  the  roller 
system.  In  the  roller  system  with  its  many  machines 
for  breaking  the  wheat,  purifying,  grading,  granulat¬ 
ing,  grinding  and  bolting  the  separated  parts  of  the 
wheat  berry  a  large  amount  of  stock  would  be  con¬ 
tinually  thrashing  about  among  the  many  machines, 
making  it  impossible  to  tell  when  one  grist  was  finished 
and  the  proper  moment  to  begin  on  the  next.  It  was 
necessary  to  devise  some  other  means  or  method  of 
doing  business  with  the  farmer.  The  flour  and  wheat 
exchange  was  then  adopted ;  36  pounds  of  flour,  10 
pounds  of  bran  and  four  pounds  of  middlings  was 
given  for  one  bushel  of  wheat,  or  40  pounds  of  flour 
with  no  bran  and  middlings. 

This  exchange  worked  beautifully  until  the  people 
of  the  East,  the  farmer  included,  began  to  realize  that 
flour  made  from  hard  Spring  wheat  grown  in  the 
great  Northwest,  and  manufactured  by  the  specially 
constructed  Spring  wheat  mills  of  the  West,  would* 
make  better  bread  than  the  soft  Winter  wheat  grown 
in  New  York  and  Pennsylvania.  The  millers  of  the 
East  soon  learned  that  they  could  not  buy  this  West¬ 
ern  Spring  wheat,  ship  it  East,  manufacture  it  in  their 
specially  constructed  Winter  wheat  mills  and  com¬ 
pete  either  in  price  or  quality.  Then  the  Eastern 
millers  bought  the  finished  product  in  the  shape  of 
the  best  Spring  patent  flour,  and  mixed  or  blended  it 
with  their  Winter  flour,  in  the  hopes  of  retaining  the 
trade  with  the  Eastern  farmer  who  was  fast  acquiring 
the  taste  for  good  bread.  This  method  worked  in¬ 
differently  well  for  a  while,  but  at  the  present  time  it 
is  a  fact  that  the  farmers  of  New  York  and  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  do  not  and  will  not  use  flour  for  bread  made 
from  their  own  wheat,  but  demand  and  will  have  the 
best  Spring  wheat  patent  that  can  be  produced.  The 
flour  made  from  Winter  wheat  is  used  for  pastry. 
Most  of  the  product  in  what  used  to  be  the  famous 
wheat  belt  of  the  Genesee  of  western  New  York  is 
shipped  to  New  England  markets,  and  is  used  for 
crackers  and  other  food  stuffs  other  than  bread. 


THE  RURAIi  NEW-YORKER 

Many  of  the  farmers  of  New  York  and  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  sell  their  wheat  to  the  local  buyer  and  buy  their 
Spring  flour  from  the  grocer;  others  exchange  their 
Winter  wheat  with  the  local  miller  for  Spring  wheat 
flour  that  he  has  bought  and  keeps  for  that  purpose. 
The  exchange  is  made  conditional  on  a  basis  of  the 
cost  of  the  Spring  wheat  flour  to  him  and  the  market 
price  of  Winter  wheat.  The  old  order  of  things  has 
so  completely  passed  away  that  any  other  trade  or 
deal  between  the  miller  and  the  farmer  other  than 
what  I  have  described  is  the  exception  and  not  the 
rule. 

In  the  month  of  August  of  this  year,  1911,  when  the 
country  was  expecting  a  reciprocity  treaty  with  Can¬ 
ada,  the  market  price  of  Winter  wheat  was  80  cents 
per  bushel.  Our  mill  was  buying  it  for  that,  and  sell¬ 
ing  the  flour  in  New  England  on  a  very  close  margin. 
Our  mill  was  at  that  time  paying  $5.30  for  the  best 
Spring  wheat  flour.  One  dollar  per  bushel  of  48 
pounds  of  barley;  45  cents  for  one  bushel,  32  pounds 
of  oats ;  72  cents  for  one  bushel,  56  pounds  of  corn ;  a 
mixture  of  feed  consisting  of  equal  parts  of  corn, 
oats  and  barley,  allowing  seven  cents  per  100  pounds 
for  grinding,  would  have  cost  $1.65  per  100  pounds. 
If  H.  C.  M.,  of  Versailles,  Pa.,  had  come  to  our  mill 
in  Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  August,  1911,  with  41  bushels 
and  15  pounds  of  wheat  he  would  have  received  80 
cents  a  bushel,  $33.  He  would  have  received  three 
barrels  best  Spring  flour,  actual  cost  $5.30  per  barrel, 
$15.90;  900  pounds  corn,  oats  and  barley,  actual  cost 
$1.65;  $14.85;  100  pounds  middlings,  $1.50;  actual  cost 
cost  of  what  he  got,  $32.25 ;  actual  profit  of  miller,  75 
cents.  The  farmer  brought  41  bushels  and  15  pounds 
of  wheat  to  mill  worth  $33.  He  did  not  bring  flour 
worth  so  much  per  barrel  or  baking  powder  biscuits 
worth  so  much  per  dozen.  The  miller  got  what  the 
farmer  brought  him,  no  more,  no  less,  namely,  wheat 


MISSISSIPPI  PROD  U  CTS-PEC  A  X  S  AND  RADIES. 


worth  $33.  At  present  our  mill  is  paying  97  cents  for 
Winter  wheat,  82  cents  for  old  corn,  53  cents  for  oats.  I 
do  not  know  the  price  of  barley,  but  believe  it  to  be  $1 
or  more.  Our  mill  makes  one  barrel  of  Winter  flour 
from  4 bushels  of  wheat,  cost  of  wheat  per  barrel 
$4.36.  We  got  for  flour  in  New  England  this  week 
$4.50  per  barrel  delivered ;  cost  of  barrel,  38  cents ; 
freight,  24  cents;  received  for  flour  net  $3.88;  get  70 
pounds  of  bran  and  middlings  per  barrel,  sell  it  for 
$30  per  ton,  $1.05;  apparent  profit,  57  cents  per  barrel. 
The  mill  makes  about  400  barrels  of  flour  per  week 
when  we  are  not  shut  down,  but  as  about  $100  per 
week  is  paid  for  wages  besides  some  other  little 
items  of  expense,  like  cost  of  power,  lights,  oil,  capital 
invested,  etc.,  have  to  come  out  of  the  apparent  profit 
of  57  cents  per  barrel,  it  can  easily  be  construed  that 
the  milling  business  is  not  all  a  golden  dream. 

_  w.  w.  COLE. 

'  A  CEMENT  GRANARY  FLOOR, 

On  page  1133  is  an  inquiry  concerning  cement 
floors  for  a  granary.  The  advice  given  is  sound,  but 
the  cost  of  placing  a  cement  floor  14  inches  above 
the  ground  would  entail  an  expense  that  results  would 
hardly  justify  unless  the  cost  of  lumber  is  extremely 
high.  Such  a  plan  would  necessitate  putting  in  a 
floor  of  rough  planks  as  a  foundation  for  the  cement 
floor.  To  sustain  the  weight  of  both  the  cement  floor 
and  the  grain  it  would  be  necessary  to  use  heavy 
material  at  a  cost  to  exceed  that  of  a  good  board 
floor.  If  one  wants  a  floor  that  is  vermin-proof  gal¬ 
vanized  sheeting  will  answer  the  purpose  at  less  total 
expense.  I  know  of  a  granary  completely  lined  with 
the  material  referred  to,  and  so  far  as  I  know  is  very 
satisfactory. 

By  no  means  place  a  cement  granary  floor  directly 
upon  the  ground.  Seven  years  ago  a  neighbor  put  in 
a  cement  floor  with  the  result  that  he  lost  some  grain 
from  its  musting.  The  next  year  this  same  man  ad¬ 
vised  me  against  a  cement  floor  for  a  granary,  but, 
like  many  others,  I  had  an  idea  that  under  my  con¬ 
ditions  it  would  be  all  right,  so  I  went  ahead  and  put 


December  20, 

in  the  cement  floor.  The  result  was  about  three  inches 
of  moldy  oats  in  the  bottom  of  the  bin.  As  inti¬ 
mated,  when  I  heard  of  some  one’s  failure  along  a 
certain  line,  I  am  apt  to  ignore  the  fact,  thinking 
that  had  he  done  the  job  just  a  little  differently 
everything  would  have  been  all  right.  So  in  my  case, 
I  reasoned  that  as  the  barn  stood  upon  a  cement  wall 
placed  a  couple  of  feet  in  the  ground,  there  was  little 
chance  for  moisture  to  get  in.  There  was  put  in  about 
four  inches  of  the  best  of  cement  work,  and  to  say 
that  I  was  highly  pleased  with  the  new  granary  floor 
is  putting  it  mildly.  But  the  moisture  came  right  up 
throught  that  cement  floor  in  spite  of  my  pride,  with 
the  results  stated.  If  placed  above  the  ground  as  ad¬ 
vised  in  the  reply,  by  all  means  trowel  the  surface  as 
smooth  as  possible,  as  it  is  very  unpleasant  to  sweep 
a  rough  cement  floor. 

At  the  time  the  floor  was  put  in  it  was  suggested 
that  we  lay  down  a  layer  of  three-inch  tile  and  put 
the  cement  over  these,  but  it  was  thought  to  be  a 
useless  expense  under  the  circumstances.  I  am  now 
convinced  that  putting  in  the  tiles  would  have  been 
money  well  spent,  as  we  found  it  necessary  to  lay  a 
board  floor  over  the  cement.  Two-inch  strips  were 
laid  down  and  the  flooring  nailed  to  this.  This  makes 
a  nice,  though  expensive  floor,  which  is  vermin  as 
well  as  damp  proof.  If  anyone  has  ever  tried  put¬ 
ting  in  a  cement  floor  over  a  layer  of  tiles  I  should 
like  to  know  with  what  success  so  far  as  solving  the 
moisture  problem.  j.  d.  prickett. 

Ohio. 


PEACHES  FOR  CENTRAL  NEW  YORK. 

On  page  1114  appears  a  communication  from  Mr. 
T.  H.  King  regarding  peaches  for  central  New  York. 
Our  orchards  are  less  than  a  mile  from  Mr.  King’s, 
and  we  are  growing  some  varieties  which  he  does  not 
mention  and  which  are  doing  exceedingly  well.  I 
agree  with  Mr.  King  as  to  the  merits  of  the  Carman 
and  Champion.  We  have  a  block  of  Champions  too 
young  yet  for  bearing.  Our  first  picking  of  Carman 
this  year  occurred  August  10.  Right  on  the  heels  of 
the  Carman  and  sometimes  overlapping  it  we  have 
Yellow  St.  John,  which  is  a  very  satisfactory  early 
peach,  both  commercially  and  for  home  use.  The 
joke  of  it  is  that  this  block  of  trees  was  bought  and 
planted  for  Chair’s  Choice.  The  outcome  in  this  case, 
however,  is  more  profitable  than  is  usual  under  sim¬ 
ilar  circumstances.  Mr.  King  himself  had  a  block 
which  he  planted  for  Chair’s  Choice,  but  the  result 
was  vacant  Chairs  and  the  only  choice  left  for  him 
was  to  pull  them  out. 

Then  as  the  white  sister  of  the  Elberta,  both  gen¬ 
erally  maturing  together,  we  have  the  Belle  of  Geor¬ 
gia,  one  of  our  best  money  makers.  It  is  a  signifi¬ 
cant  fact  that  among  our  employees  who  have  the 
whole  list  to  choose  from  the  favorites  for  eating 
out  of  hand,  table  use  and  canning,  are  Yellow  St. 
John  and  Belle  of  Georgia.  Following  these  are 
Crosby  and  Kalamazoo,  yellow,  and  Stevens  Rare¬ 
ripe,  white.  These  require  thorough  cultivation  and 
fertilization  to  produce  the  finest  fruit.  The  Crosby 
and  Kalamazoo  should  be  thinned  so  severely  that 
it  takes  nerve  to  do  it  properly.  The  small  pit  and 
firm  flesh  of  the  Kalamazoo  render  it  excellent  for 
canning. 

Then  comes  Smock  (get  the  right  strain)  and  Fox 
Seedling,  a  very  popular  white  peach.  We  prefer  the 
latter  to  Iron  Mountain  for  looks  and  flavor,  but  it 
demands  prompt  handling,  unless  the  weather  is  cool. 
Last  of  all,  but  not  the  least,  is  the  Salway,  which 
colors  nicely  with  us.  From  the  foregoing  one  can 
see  that  the  planting  list  of  peaches  for  this  locality 
can  be  lengthened  considerably.  I  append  a  table 
showing  our  experience  for  the  last  three  seasons  as 
to  first  and  last  pickings  of  the  varieties  named.  The 
influence  of  meteorological  conditions,  warm,  cold, 
wet  and  dry  spells  of  weather,  etc.,  can  be  readily 
seen  in  the  data  given. 

—Pate  First  Picking-.  —Pate  Last  Picking-- 


Variety-  1909  1910  1911  1909  1910  isill 

Carman . Auk.  23  Auk.  17  Auk.  10  Sept. 10  Aug.25  Auk.  17 

Ycl low  St.  John..  Sept.  7  Auk.  20  Auk.  20  Scpt.lG  Sept.  0  Sept.  4 

Belle  of  Georgia..  Sept.  14  Sept.  0  Auk.  28  Get.  1  Sept.16  Sept.  7 

Elberta . Sept.  0  Aug.  31  Auk.  31  Sept.27  Sept.20  Sept. 10 

Stevens  Rareripe.  Sept. 25  Sept. 10  Sept.  0  Oct.  12  Oct.  1  Sept. 15 

Kalamazoo . Sept. 10  Sept.  5  Sept.  7  Sept.27  Sept.22  Sept. 18 

Crosby . Sept.  9  Sept. 12  Sept. 13  Sept. 28  Sept  20  Sept.24 

Smock . Oct.  3  Sept. 25  Sept. 19  Oct.  33  Oct.  4  Oct.  3 

Fox  Seedling . Sept. 30  Sept.27  Sept.20  Oct.  9  Oct.  6  Sept.29 

Salway . Oct.  10  Sept.28  Oct.  2  Oct.  18  Oct.  16  Oct.  11 


Seneca  Co.,  N.  Y.  n.  h.  avers. 


The  Scandinavians  seem  to  be  getting  the  plant  food 
question  down  to  a  homemade  basis.  By  means  of  then 
cheap  water  power  they  can  extract  nitrogen  from  the 
air  at  a  reasonable  cost.  I’otash  is  obtained,  with  iodine 
by  burning  seaweed,  while  phosphate  rock  provides  phos¬ 
phoric  acid. 

A  plot  containing  1,154  square  feet  of  land  at  the  corner 
of  Broadway  and  34th  St..  New  York,  sold  recently  for 
SI, 000.000,  being  at  the  rate  of  $866.55  a  square  foot. 
This  boats  all  previous  records  in  New  York  real  estate. 
A  single  foot  on  Broadway  might  buy  an  abandoned  farm. 
A  small  farm  bought  for  $800  lias  been  known  to  support 
a  family,  which  one  foot  of  city  land  would  hardly  do. 


1911. 


TL'H  fcC  RU  KAL  NEW-YOKKKK 


llil  1 


CONCENTRATED  LIME  -  SULPHUR  FOR 
SPRAYING. 

Preparing  the  Mixture. 

As  yet  the  making  of  concentrate  lime-sulpluir  at 
home  is  largely  an  experiment,  clue  mostly  to  the  fact 
that  the  average  fruit  grower  uses  either  the  old  15- 
20-50  formula  or  some  commercial  brand,  because  he 
thinks  the  making  of  the  concentrate  solution  beyond 
him.  He  need  not  think  it  a  difficult  task,  nor  an 
expensive  one,  for  by  following  the  instructions  of  the 
experiment  station  as  to  how  it  should  be  made,  he 
can  make  just  as  good  a  concentrate  solution  with  as 
high  average  Beaume  test.  Of  course  the  first  cost  of 
;>  good  plant  may  seem  large  at  the  offset,  but  you  can 
save  enough  in  two  years  on  the  cost  of  cooking  to 
more  than  pay  for  the  plant.  The  best  form  of  boiler 
would  depend  largely  upon  the  amount  of  steam  re¬ 
quired  to  cook  the  given  quantity  of  solution  thorough¬ 
ly.  But  for  all  general  purposes  an  upright  eight  to 
10  horse-power  boiler  will  furnish  enough  steam  to 
cook  20  to  25  barrels  a  day.  Have  your  boiler  large 
enough,  so  that  when  more  water  is  put  into  the  boiler 
it  will  not  cool  it  down  to  such  a  degree  that  you  will 
not  have  enough  steam  to  keep  the  solution  constantly 
boiling.  We  have  found  that  we  get  better  results  by 
cooking  with  direct  steam  than  by  steam 
coils.  Test  with  a  Beaume  hydrometer, 
which  has  a  scale  reading  from  25  to  35 
degrees. 

Perhaps  our  personal  experience  will 
answer  as  well  as  any  to  show  the 
results  we  have  found  to  be  true.  Our 
plant  consists  of  an  eight  horse-power 
upright  boiler  with  all  necessary  pipe 
fittings,  through  which  the  steam  is  car¬ 
ried  into  two  150-gallon  circular  vats. 

The  steam  pipes  form  an  L  at  the  bottom 
of  the  vats,  and  the  steam  escapes 
through  small  holes  bored  in  the  pipe. 

The  end  of  the  pipe  is  capped.  These 
vats  are  placed  on  a  platform  15  by 
20  feet,  which  is  on  solid  posts  six  feet 
above  ground.  About  the  level  with 
the  top  of  these  two  vats  is  a  300- 
gallon  water  supply  tank.  This  also 
sits  on  posts,  so  that  the  cooking  vats 
and  spray  tank  are  fdled  by  gravity. 

The  supply  tank  is  kept  filled  by  a  small 
steam  pump.  We  also  have  a  piano- 
box  on  one  corner  of  the  platform 
to  store  the  lime,  sulphur,  scales,  etc. 

Such  a  plant  should  not  cost  more  than 
$150  new,  but  a  good  second-hand 
boiler  would  answer  the  same  purpose 
at  a  much  less  cost.  It  is  as  easy  to 
make  the  concentrate  solution  as  it  was 
the  old  15-20-50  formula,  and  the  best 
part  of  it  all  is,  if  the  concentrate  is 
not  for  immediate  use  it  can  be  put  in 
tight  barrels  and  kept  until  wanted.  The 
solution  in  each  barrel  should  be  tested 
and  the  degrees  Beaume  marked  on  the 
end  of  the  barrel  to  indicate  the  re¬ 
quired  dilution  for  future  use.  If  the 
solution  has  been  properly  cooked  it 
should  contain  practically  no  sediment. 

The  cost  of  cooking  a  50-gallon  barrel 
of  the  concentrate  solution,  based  on 
1911  prices  for  materials  and  25  barrels 
per  day,  is  shown  below.  We  made  up 
two  formuke:  (a)  The  40-pound  lime, 

60  pounds  sulphur  to  50  gallons  of 
water,  and  (&)  80-pound  lime,  120 
pounds  sulphur  to  50  gallons  of  water. 

The  table  gives  full  details  of  quantities  of  material 
and  relative  cost. 

Formula  (a). 

40  lbs.  lump  lime  (90%  Ca.)  at  $1.05  por  100  lbs _ $  .42 

60  lbs.  sulphur  (flowers)  at  $1.65  per  100  lbs . 99 

40  lbs.  soft  coal  at  $4.50  per  ton . 09 


3  men  (labor)  at  $2  per  day . 24 

Wear  on  plant . 01 

Total  cost  per  barrel  . $1.75 


Formula  (b). 

80  lbs.  lump  lime  (90%  Ca.)  at  $1.05  per  100  lbs..$  .84 

120  lbs.  sulphur  (flowers)  at  $1.65  per  100  lbs .  1.98 

40  lbs.  soft  coal  at  $4.50  per  ton . 09 


3  men  (labor)  at  $2  per  day . 24 

Wear  on  plant  . 01 

Total  cost  per  barrel  . $3.06 


We  found  that  samples  of  (a)  showed  as  high 
average  Beaume  tests  as  did  (b),  and  if  anything 
had  less  sediment,  and  both  were  cooked  under  same 
conditions.  We  also  found  that  the  average  Beaume 
test  for  the  40  barrels  cooked  this  Spring  was  a 
fraction  of  one  per  cent,  under  30°  Beaume.  You 
can  readily  see  from  the  foregoing  figures  that  it 
pays  us  to  cook  our  own  concentrate  solution. 

Niagara  Co.,  N.  Y.  e.  j.  mcclew  &  sons. 


EGG-LAYING  CONTEST  AT  STORRS 
COLLEGE. 

White  Leghorns  in  the  Lead. 

The  fourth  week  of  the  egg-laying  contest  shows 
the  White  Leghorns  still  at  the  head  of  the  class, 
with  the  birds  sent  over  from  England  ahead  of  all 
the  rest;  they  have  laid  68  eggs  in  the  four  weeks, 
21  eggs  in  the  last  week;  nearly  70  per  cent  of  the 
possible  35  eggs  if  every  pullet  laid  every  day.  This 
certainly  is  remarkably  good  laying.  It  is  quite  dif¬ 
ferent  from  what  Mr.  Mapes  wrote.  The  R.  N.-Y.  a 
few  years  ago,  viz.,  that  with  over  1,300  White  Leg¬ 
horns  he  had  not  had  an  egg  in  six  weeks.  As  my 
White  Wyandottes  had  never  missed  a  day  in  18 
years,  I  had  the  impression  that  Leghorns  must  be 
poor  layers  in  Winter  but  the  record  at  Starrs  College 
so  far  shows  them  ahead  of  all  the  other  breeds,  under 
precisely  similar  conditions  as  to  housing,  feeding, 
etc.  The  White  Leghorns  of  Thomas  Barron  seem 
to  realize  that  they  have  the  honor  of  England  in 
their  keeping,  for  they  have  laid  two  dozen  more 
eggs  than  the  next  best  pen.  The  honor  of  second 
best  belongs  to  the  White  Rose  Farm,  New  Jersey, 
with  a  record  of  44  eggs;  Toms  Poultry  Farm,  New 
Jersey,  43,  and  Geo.  II.  Schmitz  of  Illinois  also  has 


A  FAMILY  AFFAIR— GOOD  STOCK.  Fig.  496. 

43  to  the  credit  of  his  competition  pen  of  Buff  Leg¬ 
horns. 

The  best  record  of  the  American  breeds  shows  31 
eggs  laid  in  the  four  weeks  by  the  Buff  Wyandottes, 
with  White  Orpingtons  next  with  30  eggs.  Nine  of 
the  13  pens  of  Barred  P.  Rocks  have  not  laid  an 
egg.  Of  the  four  pens  of  White  P.  Rocks,  one  pen 
has  produced  two  eggs  and  one  pen  one  egg;  three 
eggs  from  the  four  pens  in  four  weeks.  The  Colum¬ 
bian  P.  Rocks,  Silver  Wyandottes,  Golden  Wyan- 
dottes  and  Black  Langshans,  have  not  laid  an  egg; 
and  these  are  all  supposed  to  be  good  Winter  layers. 
It  is  only  fair  to  state  that  nine  pens  of  the  White 
Leghorns  have  not  laid  an  egg.  This  breed  has  an 
advantage  in  the  larger  number  of  entries ;  a  fairer 
contest  would  be  with  an  equal  number  of  birds  of 
each  variety.  When  we  come  to  divide  the  number 
of  eggs  laid  by  the  number  of  birds,  we  find  that  the 
Buff  Wyandottes  have  laid  6.2  eggs  per  bird,  Buff 
Orpingtons  3.15  per  bird,  Buff  Leghorns  3.05,  while 
the  White  Leghorns  come  down  into  fourth  place 
with  2.86  eggs  per  bird.  But  the  68  eggs  laid  by 
the  English  birds,  13.6  per  bird,  “lay  ’way  over” 
all  the  others.  geo.  a.  cosgrove. 


EXPERIENCE  WITH  MISFIT  NURSERY  TREES. 

“The  Story  of  a  Good  Tree,”  by  Martin  King,  Jr., 
on  page  1109  brings  to  my  mind  experience  which 
I  have  had  in  purchasing  nursery  stock  in  years  past. 
Mr.  King  lays  much  stress  on  selecting  reliable  nur¬ 
serymen  to  deal  with.  I  confess  I  do  not  know  how 
or  where  to  find  a  nurseryman  who  will  furnish 
trees  that  will  be  true  to  label.  I  have  bought  from 
quite  a  number  of  nurserymen,  and  have  had  serious 
trouble  with  all  tried  so  far,  and  I  have  endeavored 
to  select  supposedly  reliable  firms  to  deal  with.  Per¬ 
haps  T  can  better  illustrate  the  difficulty  in  purchas¬ 
ing  stock  true  to  name  by  telling  my  experience.  I 
give  to  The  R.  N.-Y.  the  names  of  the  firms  with 
which  I  dealt,  that  you  may  see  if  I  selected  snide 
firms.  About  seven  to  10  years  ago  I  bought  from 
one  of  our  largest  nurserymen  several  hundred  peach 
trees.  Very  many  in  each  lot  were  not  true  to  label, 
as  I  found  when  the  trees  began  to  bear.  Not  less 
than  one-third  were  varieties  utterly  worthless  for 
commercial  use,  and  not  what  were  ordered.  I  ordered 
a  few  trees  of  three  new  varieties  for  trial.  These 
were  represented  in  their  catalogue  as  very  fine  vari¬ 
eties  of  yellow  peaches.  When  the  trees  bore  fruit 
it  proved  to  be  in  all  three  cases  worthless  small 
white  fruit.  More  than  200  trees  were 
not  as  ordered  and  were  worthless ; 
a  damage  to  me  of  more  than  $600. 
They  offered  to  “make  good,”  as  they 
call  it,  by  supplying  me  with  other  trees 
to  take  the  places  of  the  worthless 
varieties;  but  I  told  them  I  could  not 
afford  to  set  their  trees  even  if  given 
to  me. 

I  also  bought  from  another  party 
about  300  trees  one  year,  and  20  or  more 
proved  to  be  not  true  to  label  and 
worthless.  I  wrote  this  man,  telling 
him  my  experience  and  asking  him  for 
what  price  he  would  furnish  trees  and 
guarantee  them  true  to  label,  with  a 
forfeit  for  each  tree  (peach)  which  in 
four  years  proved  not  true  to  label. 
These  errors  are  either  carelessness  or 
fraud.  I  certainly  would  not  charge 
such  men  with  fraud.  Then  it  must  be 
carelessness,  probably  of  the  men  they 
employ.  But  should  not  the  owner  be 
neld  responsible  for  the  carelessness  of 
is  employees?  If  I  should  send  my 
hired  man  to  his  nurseries  to  get  the 
trees  and  the  man  should  carelessly  dam¬ 
age  his  property  while  doing  work  for 
me,  the  nurseryman  would  be  pretty 
likely  to  look  to  me  to  make  good  the 
damage.  Should  a  seedsman  or  a  nur¬ 
seryman  be  less  responsible  for  careless¬ 
ness  of  his  employees  than  the  farmer? 
For  a  few  years  in  the  immediate  past 
I  have  bought  most  of  my  nursery  stock 
from  still  another  firm.  I  believe  them 
to  be  honest  but,  as  trees  bought  from 
them  came  into  bearing  this  year,  I  find 
a  very  bad  mixture  of  varieties;  but 
there  is  this  redeeming  feature  about  the 
stock  received  from  them ;  only  a  very 
few  trees  have  worthless  fruit.  But  it 
is  quite  a  damage  to  find  the  fruit  when 
it  comes  not  what  is  expected.  I  had 
good  reason,  I  think,  to  suppose  each 
of  the  above-named  firms  to  be  reliable, 
but  $1,000  would  not  make  good  to  me 
the  damage  done  by  trees  not  true  to 
label.  I  do  not  find  prices  charged  in  • 
dicate  quality  stock  furnished  in  all  cases.  In  1909  I 
bought  some  trees  from  still  another  firm  and  paid 
more  than  double  the  price  for  which  I  bought  in 
other  places,  but  the  stock  sent  was  quite  inferior. 

If  I  could  find  a  nurseryman  who  did  only  as 
much  business  as  he  could  attend  to  himself,  and 
who  practiced  getting  his  bud  stock  from  bearing 
trees,  and  not  from  the  nursery  rows,  I  should  be 
willing  to  pay  double  price  for  stock  from  such  an 
honest  nurseryman.  fruit  grower. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  nurserymen  named  in  this  letter  are 
among  the  most  reliable  known  in  this  country.  Almost 
every  week  we  receive  several  letters  like  the  above. 
This  is  one  side  of  the  nursery  business  which  may 
fairly  be  discussed.  Any  man  who  has  worked  in  a 
nursery  or  seen  the  way  the  business  is  conducted 
may  easily  see  the  great  chance  for  mix-up  and  error 
even  with  the  most  careful  management.  We  are 
not  trying  to  excuse  the  nurserymen  for  the  great 
damage  which  their  blunders  may  do  to  a  grower, 
but  we  want  to  be  fair  to  them.  We  also  want  them 
to  be  fair  to  the  people  who  plant  their  trees  and  are 
disappointed.  The  proposition  to  “replace”  such  mis¬ 
fits  with  trees  no  more  guaranteed  than  the  others 
is  enough  to  embitter  any  man.  But  what  have  the 
nurserymen  to  say  to  the  proposition  to  pay  double 
prices  for  guaranteed  trees?  We  believe  there  are 
hundreds  of  planters  who  will  make  the  same  offer! 


A  MICHIGAN  AUTOMOBILE— WITH  HORNS.  Fig.  495 


121a 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YOkKER 


December  23, 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[  Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
name  and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure 
attention.  Before  asking  r.  question,  please  see 
whether  it  is  not  answered  in  our  advertising 
columns.  Ask  only  a  few  questions  at  one  time. 
Pu'  questions  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper.] 


APPLES  FOR  MICHIGAN. 

B.  Q.  M.,  Notre  Dame,  Ind. — 1.  Having 
bought  40  acres  of  fruit  land  in  North¬ 
western  Michigan  I  would  like  advice  in 
regard  to  planting  same.  The  farm  is 
located  in  Antrim  County,  and  on  a  strip 
of  land  about  one-half  mile  wide,  between 
Torch  I/ake  and  Grand  Traverse  Bay.  We 
are  not  bothered  much  by  late  Spring  or 
early  Fall  frosts.  The  soil  is  rather  light, 
being  sand  and  gravel  loam  with  gravel 
subsoil.  The  soil  produces  fairly  good 
corn  and  wheat.  I  would  like  to  know 
what  varieties  of  apples  to  plant.  I  want 
to  cater  to  fancy  box  market.  How  would 
Delicious,  Jonathan,  Grimes,  Black  Ben, 
Koine  Beauty,  Wagener,  McIntosh,  Wealthy, 
etc.,  do?  I  would  not  want  more  than 
three  or  four  varieties.  2.  A  certain  nur¬ 
sery  in  Kansas  advertises  “pedigreed” 
trees,  claiming  to  propagate  only  from  trees 
of  proven  productiveness.  How  does  this 
system  differ  from  that  employed  by  other 
well-known  nurseries?  3.  Would  Osage 
orange  or  privet  do  to  plant  as  a  wind¬ 
break?  If  not  what  would  you  advise? 
4.  How  can  I  plow  under  a  crop  of  rye  in 
orchard  where  trees  are  headed  too  low  to 
admit  using  an  ordinary  plow? 

Ans. — 1.  Altlhough  I  have  never  been 
on  the  exact  spot  where  the  land  men¬ 
tioned  lies,  1  have  been  very  close  to 
it  and  once  lived  in  Benzie  County, 
Mjch.,  which  has  the  same  climate 
and  soil.  Jt  is  a  region  well  protected 
from  Spring  frost  and  the  peach  and 
cherry  are  grown  there  with  as  much 
success  as  the  apple.  The  glacial  drift, 
which  is  gravel  and  sand  with  some 
clay  in  places  and  decayed  vegetable 
matter  on  top,  makes  a  splendid  fruit 
soil.  That  is  just  what  is  found  all 
over  that  country,  where  the  natural 
growth  was  hardwood  timber,  and  that 
is  the  only  soil  in  which  I  would  try 
to  grow  fruit  there.  The  pine  lands 
are  too  light  and  lacking  in  fertility.  As 
to  varieties  of  the  apple  for  that  sec¬ 
tion  those  mentioned  arc  all  very  good 
except  the  Black  Ben,  which,  although 
the  best  of  the  Ben  Davis  tribe,  is  not 
suited  to  the  short  seasons  there,  they 
not  being  long  enough  for  the  full  de¬ 
velopment  of  size  and  flavor  that  they 
should  attain.  Jonathan  and  Grimes 
will  not  reach  the  size  that  they  will 
farther  north,  but  I  have  seen  them 
grown  there  that  were  very  creditable 
and  bringing  fair  prices.  They  will 
keep  later  than  if  Southern  grown,  and 
the  flavor  is  excellent.  Delicious,  Mc¬ 
Intosh,  Wagener  and  Wealthy  are  all 
good  apples,  the  two  latter  being  very 
early  bearers  and  well  suited  as  fillers 
among  the  permanent  trees.  I  think 
that  Hubbardston  would  be  a  very  good 
apple  to  plant  there  because  it  is  of 
high  quality,  good  size  and  the  tree 
bears  well.  The  only  objection  to  it  is 
that  the  color  is  rather  dull  red,  but 
the  quality  is  so  good  that  the  fancy 
trade  would  finally  appreciate  it. 


as  fruitful  trees  as  scions  from  the 
bearing  branches.  Theories  often  need 
testing  out  in  real  practice.  3.  For  a 
wind-break  in  northern  Michigan  the 
Osage  orange  and  privet  would  be  prac¬ 
tically  worthless,  because  they  would  be 
too  low.  Norway  spruce,  White  pine  and 
the  common  cedar  of  that  region  will 
make  tall  and  effective  wind-breaks, 
there.  Among  deciduous  the  Sugar 
maple  and  basswood  are  excellent.  4. 
Cutaway  tools  work  under  a  growth  of 
rye  by  going  over  it  several  times  but 
there  would  be  clogging  of  the  machine 
and  the  rye  would  not  be  deep  in  the 
ground.  Some  sort  of  extension  gang 
plow  that  would  turn  furrows  would  be 
better.  There  are  several  such  tools  in 
use.  The  rye  should  be  put  under  deep 
enough  to  rot  as  soon  as  possible. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


Keeping  Horseradish. 

F.  IP.  D.,  Silver  Lane,  Conn. — Will  you 
advise  me  how  to  keep  horse-radish  all 
Winter? 

Ans. — Horse-radish  is  usually  left  as 
late  as  possible  before  being  dug,  as  the 
roots  are  not  injured  by  frost,  and  im¬ 
prove  after  September,  making  their 
best  growth  in  the  cool  Autumn.  It  is 
best  stored  in  pits,  as  it  loses  crispness 
and  quality  when  kept  in  the  cellar.  In 
trimming  the  large  roots  for  storage,  it 
is  customary  to  save  the  small  lateral 
roots,  which  are  buried  and  used  for 
planting  the  following  season. 


The  Kink  in  a  Rope. 

As  to  “kinks”  in  ropes,  new  or  old,  I 
never  have  any.  A  swivel  hook  that 
any  blacksmith  could  make  for  25  cents 
or  less  would  prevent  all  kinks.  Tie 
the  rope  to  it  and  hook  it  into  the  clevis 


on  the  double  tree.  I  put  a  swivel  snap 
on  every  rope  I  use  to  tie  or  lead  my 
cows  and  calves.  The  ring  can  be  made 
larger  or  smaller  to  suit  the  size  of  rope 
used.  J.  s.  IDEN. 

Missouri.  _ 

Destroying  Cockroaches. 

Can  you  tell  me  what  will  kill  or  drive 
away  cockroaches  or  water-bugs?  They  are 

brown  and  about  half  an  inch  long  and  run 
around  in  the  night.  c.  b. 

The  safest  thing  to  use  in  destroying 
roaches  or  water-bugs  is  borax  mixed 
with  chocolate.  Borax  kills  the  bugs, 
but  is  harmless  to  have  around,  and  as 
the  insects  are  greedy  for  chocolate 
they  are  thus  induced  to  eat  the  borax. 
It  is  well  to  rub  the  mixture  together 
in  a  mortar,  so  that  every  particle  of 
chocolate  will  carry  some  borax  j 
powdered  cocoa  may  be  conveniently 
used.  Scatter  this  where  the  roaches 
congregate.  A  paste  made  by  mixing 
phosphorus  in  lard  or  butter  and 
spreading  upon  bread  is  also  effective. 
Cut  the  bread  in  small  pieces,  spread 
with  the  mixture,  and  put  where  the  in¬ 
sects  run  the  last  thing  at  night,  re¬ 
moving  early  in  the  morning  before 
domestic  animals  can  gain  access  to  it, 
as  the  phosphorus  is  poisonous  to 
them.  Hence  the  borax  is  the  safest 
thing  to  use,  though  the  phosphorus  is 
effective,  and  is  used  by  florists  around 
greenhouses,  where  roaches  are  often 
a  nuisance.  Do  not  leave  fragments 
of  food  around  the  kitchen  at  night. 


SENSIBLE  BEE  TALK. 


Red  Canada,  which  is  also  called 
“Steele’s  Red”  is  another  apple  of  very 
high  quality  and  brilliant  red  color.  Its 
size  is  only  medium  but  it  is  a  very 
desirable  variety  for  the  fancy  trade. 
I  would  plant  more  than  two  or  three 
varieties  to  cover  a  wider  season  of 
gathering  than  they  would  afford  and  to 
be  more  certain  of  a  crop.  1  think  five 
or  six  varieties  would  be  none  too  many 
for  a  large  orchard,  which  should  in¬ 
clude  the  Wealthy  and  Oldenburg. 

2.  There  is  some  reason  in  the  idea 
of  propagating  nursery  trees  from  only 
those  of  known  productivity,  but  not 
so  much  as  many  claim,  and  those  who 
make  the  most  noise  may  not  have  any 
better  trees  for  bearing  when  they  at¬ 
tain  maturity  than  the  trees  from  nur¬ 
series  that  make  no  such  claims.  The 
prepotency  of  a  variety  is  quite  apt  to 
show  up  in  the  crops  produced  no  mat¬ 
ter  from  what  particular  trees  the 
scions  were  taken  to  rear  the  young 
trees.  This  has  been  tested  in  several 
cases  and  found  to  be  true.  Scions 
from  water  sprouts  have  produced  just 


Tlio  matter  of  honey  for  money  is  only 
one  phase  of  the  business.  Horticulturists 
agree  that  bees  are  good  to  have  near 
their  orchards.  My  opinion  is  that  farmers 
g<  nerally  and  dairymen  have  too  little 
time  to  devote  to  the  care  of  bees.  At 
swarming  time  in  early  Summer  the  bee- 
man  must  be  ready  to  have  a  swarm  from 
the  time  he  has  finished  his  breakfast  till 
he  is  about  ready  for  his  supper.  A  good 
swarm  of  bees  is  worth  from  $5  to  $8,  so 
you  can  see  why  the  bee  fellow  has  to 
tend  strictly  to  business.  However,  poul¬ 
try  keeping,  the  raising  of  small  fruits 
and  bee-keeping  go  well  together.  A  good 
range  would  be  in  an  apple  district  with 
Sweet  clover  and  basswood  plentiful  in 
tile  neighborhood.  Bees  will  go  three 
miles  for  nectar,  but  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
is  about  far  enough.  The  novice  is  very 
likely  to  find  himself  puzzled  at  times, 
and  wish  he  was  out  of  it,  but  if  lie  has 
the  right  stuff  in  him  and  perseveres  lie  is 
likely  to  find  himself,  some  fine  morning, 
with  a  good  paying  bee  farm  under  his 
control.  This  business  is  one  in  which 
there  is  likely  to  be  very  little  competi¬ 
tion  until  the  worker  bee  has  lost  her 
sting.  a.  s.  w. 


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121a 


SHALL  IT  BE  HENS  OR  SHEEP? 

Part  I. 

I  am  considering  the  advisability  of  en¬ 
gaging  in  the  poultry  business ;  that  is,  for 
eggs  and  possibly  broilers,  or  in  the  sheep 
business  for  early  lambs.  To  make  a  suc¬ 
cess  of  the  poultry  business  requires  eternal 
vigilance  and  constant  application,  and  one 
must  have  poultry  and  eggs  out  of  season  ; 
that  is,  when  prices  are  high.  To  have 
them  when  everybody  else  has  them  would 
mean  failure.  For  years  I  have  read  and 
studied  poultry  papers,  and  I  believe  I 
would  be  equal  to  the  occasion.  Which 
would  you  think  the  more  profitable,  the 
poultry  and  egg  or  lamb  business?  Which 
do  you  think  would  be  easiest  for  success? 
1  have  not  studied  the  sheep  business  quite 
so  well  as  the  poultry  business.  Is  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.,  a  high-priced  market  for 
either?  Is  the  Washington  market  a  higher 
priced  market  than  Baltimore?  I  believe  I 
would  like  the  sheep  business  better  than 
the  poultry,  but  I  know  more  about  poul¬ 
try,  though  I  have  never  been  in  cither. 

Maryland.  J.  b. 

Suppose  you  had  lived  both  in  Bos¬ 
ton  and  in  Buffalo  for  a  number  of 
years  and  knew  conditions  pretty  well. 
Then  suppose  a  stranger,  living  in  some 
country  neighborhood,  wrote  you  ask¬ 
ing  advice.  Suppose  he  said,  “I  am 
thinking  of  moving  to  the  city,  either 
Boston  or  Buffalo.  I  have  read  a  great 
deal  of  the  advantages  of  Boston;  in 
fact,  have  been  interested  in  the  city  all 
my  life  and  know  more  about  it.  But 
I  also  know  something  of  Buffalo;  not 
as  much,  perhaps,  but  still  I  think  I 
would  like  it  better.  In  which  city 
would  I  find  it  more  profitable  to  live 
in?  Which  one  do  you  think  it  would 
be  easiest  for  me  to  get  a  business 
start  in?”  What  would  your  answer 
be?  Of  course,  you  would  tell  him  all 
you  could — what  business  chances  were, 
the  cost  of  living  as  you  found  it,  the 
kind  of  schools  for  his  children,  taxes, 
etc.  But,  after  all,  it  would  be  from 
your  own  viewpoint  of  people  and 
things.  After  all,  you  would  only  be 
giving  him  a  clear  idea  of  a  small  cor¬ 
ner  in  each  city.  You  could  only  say, 
“I  have  told  you  what  I  have  seen  and 
lived.  Whether  you  look  at  things  in 
the  same  way  or  would  fall  in  with  the 
same  class  of  people  and  business  in¬ 
terests,  I  cannot  tell.  Take  my  ad¬ 
vice  for  what  it  is  worth;  try  living  a 
year  or  two  in  Boston,  but  don’t  invest 
too  deep  until  you  have  a  chance  to 
know  the  people  and  find  how  it  suits.” 
Will  he  follow  it?  Goodness  knows! 
More  than  likely  he  will  jump  for  Buf¬ 
falo,  sink  all  his  capital  on  sight,  and 
be  tied  there  for  life  whether  he  likes 
it  or  not. 

Just  so,  when  a  city  business  man 
writes  that  he  has  read  of  poultry  all 
bis  life,  that  he  knows  more  about  them 
than  any  other  kind  of  live  stock,  that 
he  realizes  that  the  hen  business  re¬ 
quires  “eternal  vigilance  and  constant 
application”  and  an  “ability  to  produce 
eggs  and  poultry  out  of  season.”  Right, 
my  friend ;  go  in  for  hens.  But  wait  a 
minute.  He  has  read  about  sheep,  too — 
early  lambs,  particularly.  Not  quite  as 
much  as  he  has  read  about  hens,  but 
still  enough  to  know  what  he  is  talk¬ 
ing  about.  In  fact,  he  thinks  he  would 
rather  like  the  sheep  business  better. 
Well,  why  not?  But  here  come  two 
more  questions,  “Which  do  you  think 
the  more  profitable?  Which  the  easiest 
for  success?”  And  as  to  his  qualifica¬ 
tions,  he  has  studied  up  about  both, 
but  has  never  engaged  as  a  practical 
business  in  either.  We  shall  suppose 
that  he  has  enough  capital  to  invest  in 
a  small  farm  or  poultry  plant.  As  to 
his  markets,  he  has  the  choice  of  either 
Baltimore  or  Washington,  both  fair  for 
southern  cities,  although  I  find  Wash¬ 
ington  as  a  rule  higher  and  comparing 
more  favorably  with  northern  markets. 
Last  Winter  eggs  went  as  high  as  45 
cents  wholesale  and  early  lambs  prop¬ 
erly  fattened  and  sizable  brought 
around  $8  at  two  months.  On  the 
eastern  shore,  early  lambs  are  shipped 


to  Philadelphia  and  New  York  at  a  con¬ 
siderable  advance. 

To  begin  with,  I  wouldn't  go  too 
heavily  into  either  sheep  or  hens  until 
I  had  some  practical  experience  in 
raising  them  in  season  as  well  as  “out 
of  season.”  Neither  would  I  count  on 
a  living  profit  from  them  for  at  least 
two  years ;  I  find  it  pays  better  to  go 
very  slowly  than  to  risk  debt  or  get  in 
so  deep  that  there  is  no  way  to  get 
out  without  a  mortgage  on  your  back. 
Whether  you  go  in  for  a  small  place 
with  hens  or  for  a  larger  farm  with 
sheep  and  crops,  you  have  a  lot  to 
learn,  and  your  experience  is  going  to 
be  expensive.  Therefore  the  more 
capital  you  can  hold  in  reserve  until 
you  know  how  to  place  it  to  the  best 
advantage,  the  safer  for  you  and  your 
family.  A  good  living — “eatings,”  J 
mean — clothes  enough  to  cover  you, 
and  plenty  of  health  and  fresh  air  for 
yourself  and  the  kiddies  is  all  you 
have  a  right  to  expect.  The  road  to 
profits  and  a  bank  account  through 
either  hens  or  sheep  is  a  slow  but,  I 
think,  a  sure  one. 

Hens  in  themselves  are  more  difficult 
to  raise  and  handle  right  for  out  of 
season  eggs,  but  the  Winter  lamb  busi¬ 
ness  is  nearly  as  exacting,  and  to  keep 
sheep  you  must  have  a  knowledge  of 
handling  crops  as  well.  There  is  only 
moderate  profit  with  hens  when  you  buy 
your  feed,  and  with  sheep  I  think  there 
is  none.  You  must  be  placed  to  grow 
your  own  roughage.  I  would  not  try 
to  think  of  handling  both  Winter  lay¬ 
ers  and  Winter  lambs  the  first  or  even 
the  second  year.  At  any  rate  I  would 
start  with  only  a  small  place  to  care 
for;  of  course  buy,  if  you  can,  where 
more  land  can  be  gotten  should  you 
need  it.  With  a  limited  capital,  hens 
are  your  best  chance  for  early  returns, 
and  a  start  toward  a  steady  income. 
And  I  would  not  think  of  trying  to  do 
much  else  until  I  had  them  well  started 
and  paying.  They  most  certainly  do  re¬ 
quire  “eternal  vigilance  and  constant 
application”  and  that  is  where  in  start¬ 
ing  out  I  fell  down.  I  knew  too  much 
about  hens,  or  thought  I  did,  and  gave 
them  a  bad  overdose  of  “absent  treat¬ 
ment.”  In  trying  to  handle  the  crops 
on  a  70-acre  farm,  learning  to  care  for 
a  garden,  putting  in  improvements,  set¬ 
ting  out  orchards,  starting  a  flock  of 
sheep,  etc.,  I  lost  sight  of  my  hens  and 
my  main  income.  And  it  has  been  a 
slow  “come  back.”  T  would  not  try  to 
hatch  more  than  400  chicks  the  first 
year.  Big  hatches  are  a  delusion  and  a 
snare.  Aim  to  raise  80  per  cent  of 
them  and  you  will  be  coming  strong 
for  a  beginner.  You  have  no  idea  of 
the  constant  care  and  fussing  they  re¬ 
quire.  They  must  have  just  the  right 
feed  to  keep  them  growing,  plenty  of 
exercise,  the  cleanest  of  coops.  They 
must  be  protected  from  rain  and  from 
sun  and  from  disease,  and  you  must  be 
at  least  half  woman  to  know  when  to 
do  the  right  thing.  Learn  the  chicken 
language  as  fast  as  you  can ;  rather 
than  go  by  thermometer  and  book  rules. 
Patience  is  no  name  for  it !  Go  to  bed 
some  mild  March  evening,  with  every¬ 
thing  “all  sky ;”  wake  up  at  2  a.  m. 
and  hear  a  nor’wester  howling  through 
the  trees.  Hustle  out  to  your  brooders 
in  pajamas,  slippers  and  overcoat.  Look 
at  the  thermometer — 75°  and  going 
down !  Stand  on  your  head  in  the  60- 
mile  gale,  monkeying  with  a  burner 
that  won’t  heat  up.  Temperature  go¬ 
ing  steadily  down,  chickens  crying, 
fingers  blue.  Get  a  wheelbarrow;  move 
the  heavy  brooder  behind  another  shel¬ 
ter.  Temperature  still  going  down. 
Change  again.  Ditto.  Ditto  again. 
Drop  it  at  last  into  an  empty  cold  frame, 
safe  and  snug  at  last.  Crawl  back  to 
bed  at  4.15  and  get  u.»  at  4.45.  How 
do  you  like  it?  Or  go  off  to  a  picnic 
in  July  and  have  a  tearing  thunder¬ 
storm  come  up.  Hustle  your  best  girl 
home  in  an  open  buggy — drenched! 
Paddle  around  in  a  flooded  chicken 
yard,  picking  up  the  dead  and  dying 
and  resurrect  300  of  them  in  a  nine  by 
10  kitchen.  Would  you  like  it?  If  you 
are  the  right  kind,  you  would!  Yes,  I 
know,  if  I  had  followed  what  the  books 
say,  nothing  like  that  would  ever  hap¬ 
pen.  But  remember,  this  is  when  you 
are  learning.  And  I  reckon  T  have  my 
pay;  those  March  pullets  are  laying, 
and  last  night  I  seduced  100  of  those 
Fourth  of  July  survivors  out  of  the 
apple  trees  and  colony  coops  and  got 
them  under  permanent  cover,  ready  for 
Winter  and  eggs.  And  by  “constant 
application”  I  think  they  will  surely  be 
worth  while.  reuben  brigham. 

Maryland. 

(To  be  continued.) 


When  To  Cut  Alfalfa. 

At  the  farmers’  institute  at  Blairstown, 
N.  J.,  Dr.  John  C.  Sharpe  made  a  fine 
address  on  Alfalfa  growing.  Among  other 
things  he  spoke  of  the  proper  time  to  cut 
the  crop.  He  said  he  could  not  tell  from 
the  road,  or  side  of  field,  but  he  had  to  go 
in  the  field,  get  down  on  his  hands  ana 
knees,  put  on  his  glasses,  examine  the  plant 
and  look  for  the  young  shoots  or  plants 
that  start  from  the  old  plant  at  the  bot¬ 
tom,  near  the  ground,  and  if  they  were 
started  nicely,  it  was  time  to  cut.  ilc  cuts 
it  near  the  top  of  young  plants,  and  he 
says  he  would  cut  it  then,  rain  or  shine. 
Last  year  he  cut  his  one-eighth  acre  field 
in  the  rain,  and  put  it  in  his  silo,  and  this 
one  cutting  of  eight  acres  fed  40  big  Hol¬ 
stein  cows  two  meals  a  day  for  70  days, 
if  I  were  a  dairy  farmer  or  had  even  one 
cow  I  think  I  would  have  some  Alfalfa, 
if  only  one  acre.  But  as  I  am  only  trying 
to  grow  fruit  trees  I  have  my  hands  pretty 
nearly  full.  _  d.  d.  w. 


Crop  for  Swamp  Land. 

I  have  a  swamp  of  about  10  acres  grown 
up  in  rushes.  This  is  land  that  has  been 
filled  in  from  the  wash  from  the  surround¬ 
ing  hills ;  has  an  open  ditch  running 
through  the  center  large  enough  to  tile  to 
and  part  of  the  land  already  tiled.  I  shall 
finish  tiling  soon.  What  crop  could  I 
plant  next  Spring,  and  what  kind  of  fer¬ 
tilizer  should  I  use?  I  was  thinking  to 
break  land  this  Winter  and  plant  to  corn 
next  Spring.  a.  j.  o. 

Jackson,  O. 

Such  soil  is  usually  sour.  It  is  rich  in 
nitrogen  and  deficient  in  potash  and  phos¬ 
phoric  acid.  Generally  corn  is  the  best 
crop  to  start  on  such  soil.  Use  a  mixture 
of  three  parts  fine  bone  or  basic  slag  to  one 
part  sulphate  of  potash.  The  Slag  is  an 
excellent  fertilizer  for  such  soil  on  ac¬ 
count  of  the  lime  which  it  contains.  Such 
swamp  lands  when  fully  drained  and  sweet¬ 
ened  make  good  soil  for  grass. 


Depth  of  Boots. — D.  W.  Frear  of  the 
Colorado  Agricultural  College  makes  some 
statements  about  the  depth  to  which  roots 
go  in  the  soil : 

“Corn  roots  have  been  found  to  penetrate 
four  feet  deep  and  to  fully  occupy  the  soil 
to  that  depth.  On  drier  and  deeper  soils 
they  went  as  deep  as  eight  feet.  Boots  of 
small  grains,  such  as  wheat,  oats  and  bar¬ 
ley  penetrated  the  soil  from  four  to  eight 
feet  and  even  10  feet  in  depth.  Perennial 
grasses  have  been  found  to  go  to  a  depth 
of  four  feet  the  first  year  and  5%  feet  the 
next  year,  and  they  probably  go  consider¬ 
ably  deeper  during  succeeding  years.  Other 
crops  have  gone  to  the  following  depths : 
Potatoes,  three  feet ;  sugar  beets,  four  feet ; 
Alfalfa,  150-50  feet.  The  buffalo  berry  pene¬ 
trated  the  soil  to  the  doptli  of  50  feet  in 
Nebraska.  In  California:  grapevines  went 
down  22  feet;  figwort,  more  than  10  feet; 
goose-foot,  11  feet,  and  hop  plant,  eight  to 
10  feet.” 


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December  23, ' 


THE  PICTURES. 

A  Young  Gardener. — The  little  man 
pictured  on  the  first  page  is  a  purebred 
gardener.  We  can  see  his  tools  and  his 
crop.  The  little  dog  has  helped,  too.  Xo 
doubt  he  has  waited  alongside  the  gar¬ 
den  many  a  day  while  his  master  was 
toiling  with  rake  and  hoe — giving  the 
encouragemenf  of  a  good  friend.  There 
is  no  finer  thing  for  a  boy  than  to  be 
interested  in  cultivating  a  piece  of  land. 
It  is  a  great  test  of  patience  and  char¬ 
acter  to  fight  the  weeds  and  insects  and 
bring  such  potatoes  and  corn  and  cab¬ 
bage  through  to  perfection.  Such  a  bat¬ 
tle  will  give  a  boy  a  sense  of  mastery 
which  will  last  all  through  his  life. 

To  illustrate  the  growing  tendency  of 
the  “back  to  the  farm”  movement  in  West 
Virginia,  and  trusting  that  “Young  Amer¬ 
ica,”  and  older  America,  too,  may  be  en¬ 
couraged,  I  am  sending  you  a  picture  of 
Jennings  D.  Sterling,  aged  six,  who  by  his 
own  efforts  and  industry,  alone,  produced 
the  vegetables  shown  in  photograph,  lie 
carried  off  several  prizes  at  an  exposition 
of  farm,  orchard  and  garden  products  held 
at  Kingwood,  W.  Va„  this  month. 

P.  E.  PETEBSOX. 

A  Family  In  Fur. — The  basket  of 
puppies  shown  at  Fig.  496  will  appeal  to 
many  a  farm  boy.  The  entire  dog  fam¬ 
ily  is  represented  here.  A  well-bred  and 
trained  terrier  is  a  help  on  any  farm. 
He  will  catch  rats  better  than  a  cat,  act 
as  burglar  alarm  and  defend  the  chil¬ 
dren.  Good  dog  stock  is  valuable  prop¬ 
erty  for  those  who  know  how  to  breed 
and  train. 

An  Ox  Automobile. — Gur  artist 
caught  this  picture  in  Northern  Michi¬ 
gan.  This  farmer  is  taking  his  family 
to  the  Hart  fair —  and  getting  there,  too, 
if  a  little  slowly.  There  are  some  good 
points  about  the  ox-automobile.  He  does 
the  farm  work,  moves  along  slowly 
through  life,  and  when  he  is  done  passes 
into  beef.  Not  very  rapid,  of  course; 
but  we  heard  of  a  man  who  mortgaged 
his  home  for  $5,000 ;  out  of  this  he 
paid  $3,500  for  an  auto  and  $1,500  for 
a  house  to  keep  it  in.  Recently  he  re¬ 
newed  the  mortgage,  while  the  car  is 
offered  at  $750 ! 

Pecans  and  Babies. — On  page  649  Mr. 
Sam  H.  James  told  us  about  the  Owens 
pecan,  one  of  the  most  promising  varie¬ 
ties  of  that  nut.  Now  we  have  at  Fig. 
494  a  picture  of  a  heap  of  these  nuts 
with  a  baby  thrown  in  for  good  meas¬ 
ure.  This  nut  will  make  millions  for 
some  one,  but  the  child  is  worth  more 
than  all.  A  good  combination  for  any 
farm. _ . 

NEW  JERSEY  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 

The  annual  meeting  was  held  December 
13-14  at  Freehold,  the  center  of  a  farming 
section  famous  for  potatoes,  and  with  large 
fruit  interests  nearby.  The  meetings  were 
held  in  the  court  room,  and  the  fruit  and 
machinery  display  was  in  the  armory. 
There  were  280  plates  of  fruit  shown,  com¬ 
prising  90  varieties  of  apples,  all  of  the 
standard  and  most  of  the  newer  sorts  that 
are  at  all  promising  for  eastern  culture. 
Several  growers  spoke  highly  of  Rome 
Beauty  as  a  commercial  success,  and  the 
samples  shown  were  fully  equal  to  any  we 
have  seen  from  its  native  State,  Ohio. 
York  Imperial,  Sutton,  Stayman,  Twenty 
Ounce,  Spy  and  Baldwin  showed  specially 
good  color.  Perhaps  the  most  striking  of 
lesser  known  varieties  is  White  Ohio  Pip¬ 
pin,  the  handsomest  white  apple  we  have 
seen,  of  large  size  and  excellent  quality. 
Some  have  rejected  it  because  of  defects 
in  texture,  but  the  best  growers  say  this  is 
easily  controlled  by  spraying.  In  the  com¬ 
mercial  package  display  80  boxes  were 
shown,  put  up  in  the  various  styles  of 
pack  used  in  the  West.  No  doubt  the  box 
will  be  increasingly  used  in  the  near  future, 
but  we  believe  the  barrel  will  continue  to 
be  the  main  commercial  package  for  the 
East.  At  these  meetings  it  would  be  a 
good  plan  to  have  several  barrels  of  apples 
shown,  and  let  some  practical  man  give  a 
demonstration  of  just  how  to  put  up  a 
barrel  of  apples  from  start  to  finish  so 
that  thev  will  stand  rough  handling  with¬ 
out  going  slack.  Hundreds  of  barrels  of 
apples  are  discounted  in  the  market  from 
30  cents  to  $1  or  more  because  of  this  de¬ 
fect.  It  is  nothing  unusual  for  one-fourth 
of  a  barrel  of  otherwise  good  apples  to 
show  bruises  by  rattling  in  a  slack  packed 
barrel. 

State  Entomologist  Smith  discussed  the 
various  bugs  and  insects  which  bother 
the  New  Jersey  farmer ;  Prof.  Blake  re¬ 
viewed  the  peach  situation ;  Prof.  J.  P. 
Stewart,  of  State  College,  Pa.,  told  of  some 
very  interesting  results  in  their  efforts  to 
combine  fungicides  and  arsenicals  so  as  to 
avoid  injury  from  the  arsenic;  and  several 
of  the  practical  New  Jersey  growers  spoke 
of  the  year’s  experience  in  spraying,  fer¬ 
tilizing,  cover  crops,  and  the  various  phases 
of  fruit  growing.  In  the  early  morning 
and  between  sessions  informal  group  meet¬ 
ings  were  held  at  various  places.  Two 
men  would  start  talking  about  something 
of  mutual  interest  in  fruit  growing,  an¬ 
other  and  another  would  stop  to  listen  and 
take  part  in  the  discussion.  In  this  way 
the  year’s  experiences  wore  thoroughly 
thrashed  out,  and  this  was  perhaps  one 
of  the  most  valuable  features  of  the  gath¬ 
ering. 

Officers  elected  were ;  Joseph  Barton, 
president;  J.  C.  Henderson,  vice-president; 
noward  G.  Taylor,  of  Riverton,  secretary ; 
George  E.  DeCamp,  treasurer ;  executive 
committee,  Horace  Roberts,  W.  H.  Reid, 
John  H.  Barclay,  Elias  S.  Black  and  A.  T. 
Repp. 


COMING  FARMERS’  MEETINGS. 

■Winter  Short  Courses.  Cornell  University, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y„  November  28-February  23. 

N.  Y.  State  Fruit  Growers’  Ass'n,  Ro¬ 
chester,  N.  Y..  January  3-5. 

Farmers’  Week,  Kingston,  R.  I.,  Decem¬ 
ber  25-30. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Burlington,  Vt., 
December  26-February  24. 

State  Farmers'  Institute,  Manhattan,  Kan¬ 
sas,  December  20-30. 

Farmers’  Week,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J., 
December  25-January  1. 

Farmers’  Week,  State  College,  Pa.,  De¬ 
cember  27-January  3. 

American  Breeders’  Ass’n,  Washington, 
D.  C.,  December  28-30. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Ames,  Iowa,  Jan¬ 
uary  2-13. 

Ayrshire  Breeders’  Meetings,  New  Y’ork, 
January  11. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Columbus,  O.,  Jan¬ 
uary  2-February  23. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Amherst,  Mass., 
January  2-March  8. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Durham,  N.  II., 
January  4-March  8. 

Farmers’  Week,  Purdue  University,  La¬ 
fayette,  Indiana,  January  8-13. 

Vermont  Dairymen’s  Ass’n,  Burlington, 
January  9-11. 

Farmers’  Week,  College  Park,  Md.,  Janu¬ 
ary  8-15. 

Corn  Growers’  and  Stockmen's  Conven¬ 
tion,  Urbana.  Ill.,  January  15-27. 

Live  Stock  Week,  East  Lansing,  Mich., 
January  16-18. 

Connecticut  Dairymen’s  Ass’n,  Unity  Hall, 
Hartford,  January  17-18. 

Conventions,  Pennsylvania  Live  Stock  and 
Horticultural  Associations,  Duquesne  Gar¬ 
den.  Pittsburgh.  January  15-20. 

Livingston  County,  N.  Y.,  Poultry  Show, 
January  16-19. 

School  for  Housekeepers,  Urbana,  Ill., 
January  15-27. 

N.  J.  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  Janu¬ 
ary  17-19. 

Farmers’  Week,  Canton.  N.  Y.,  School  of 
Agriculture,  January  22-27. 

Alabama  Horticultural  Society,  Jasper, 
Ala.,  January  25-27. 

Ohio  Apple  Show,  Marietta,  O.,  January, 
23-26. 

Minnesota  Short  Course,  Minneapolis, 
Minn.,  January  23-Februar.v  17. 

Farmers’  Week,  Durham,  N.  H.,  January 
20-February  3. 

St.  Lawrence  Poultry  Show,  Ogdensburg, 
N  \r.,  January  30-February  2. 

N.  Y.  State  Grange,  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  Feb¬ 
ruary  6-9. 

Ohio  Dairymen’s  Ass  n,  Columbus,  Feb¬ 
ruary  8-9. 

Connecticut  Pomological  Society,  Hart¬ 
ford,  February  7. 

Farmers’  Special  Course,  Morgantown,  W. 
Va.,  February  1-16. 

Poultry  Week,  East  Lansing,  Mich.,  Feb- 
ruary  12-17.  .  , 

Farmers’  Week.  State  School,  Lyndon  Ctr., 
Vt.,  February  12-17.  . 

Farmers’  Week.  Cornell  University, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y„  February  19-24. 

Farmers’  Week,  Burlington,  Vt.,  February 
19-24 

Poultry  Convention,  Amherst,  Mass., 
March  5-8.  .  ,,  . 

Farmers’  Week,  Amherst,  Mass.,  March 
11-1 5. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Madison,  Wis., 
January  30-February  9. 


A  DAY  IN  A  STEAM  LAUNDRY. 

I  thought  it  might  interest  some  of  the 
readers  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  whom  I  judge 
are  mostly  farmers,  to  know  something 
of  the  hard  knocks  of  a  boy  trying  to  get 
along  in  town,  as  most  of  the  stories  told 
to  >tho  farmers’  boys  about  upwn  arc 
brags.  I  will  give  you  an  account  of  my 
first  day’s  work  in  the  steam  laundry. 
I  was  17  years  old,  lived  with  my  parents, 
had  no  board  to  pay.  1  got  a  job  at  the 
steam  laundry  as  driver,  and  as  I  thought 
a  chance  to  learn  the  trade,  but  I  found 
I  had  to  get  some  of  it  on  the  sly.  I  went 
to  the  laundry  barn  at  six  o’clock  and 
fed  my  horse,  cleaned  it  and  greased  the 
wagon!  reported  at  the  laundry  at  seven 
o’clock.  I  was  given  a  list  of  the  calls 
I  was  to  make,  which  was  enough  to 
keep  me  hustling  all  morning.  I  had  to 
get  out  of  the  wagon  and  run  around  the 
house  to  the  back  door  and  got  the  pack¬ 
age  of  laundry,  and  then  put  name  and 
address  on  the  package,  and  hustle  back 
to  the  wagon.  When  noon  came  I  was 
glad  enough  to  be  through  with  collecting ; 
fed  the  horse  and  went  home  for  dinner. 
Back  at  one  o’clock ;  helped  marking.  You 
open  the  package,  take  a  list  of  the  con¬ 
tents,  put  the  prices  on,  see  that  every 
piece  has  the  laundry  mark.  If  no  mark 
on  anv  of  the  goods  give  them  one  and 
take  an  account  of  the  name  with  the 
mark,  for  future  use.  Here  you  handle  all 
kinds  of  clothes  from  all  kinds  of  people, 
and  these  clothes  had  to  be  washed  in 
different  wavs.  I  worked  here  about  two 
hours  and  then  I  was  sent  to  help  on 
the  mangle  or  fiat  work  ironer,  which  is 
heated  by  steam.  I  was  shown  what  to 
do  and  h’ow  to  do  it.  and  I  went  to  work 
here.  You  often  hear  the  remark.  “Hot. 
it  was  90  in  the  shade !”  Well,  this  was 
hot.  about  100  in  the  steam  off  the  wet 
clothes,  and  the  perspiration  would  run 
down  my  face  and  drop  on  the  floor.  What 
little  air  we  would  get  seemed  to  come 
from  a  hotter  place  still.  I  was  here  about 
1%  hours,  and  we  finished  the  rush  work, 
clothes  that  came  in  the  morning  and  had 
to  go  back  the  same  day. 

Then  I  was  put  over  in  the  starch  room 
to  learn  to  starch  clothes,  that  is  shirts, 
collars  and  cuffs.  Talk  about  mangling 
being  hot— this  was  still  hotter.  I  was 
shown  how  to  gather  a  shirt  up  so  that 
the  bosom  and  wristbands  would  stick  up 
over  the  top  of  my  left  hand  and  then  T 
stuck  the  bosom  and  wristbands  in  a  bowl 
of  hot  starch,  and  then  taking  my  right 
hand,  squeezed  the  starch  through  the 
bosom.  I  suppose  you  would  laugh,  too, 
if  you  could  have  seen  how  quick  I 
dropped  the  first  one  and  tried  to  get 
the  hot  starch  off  my  hand.  I  worked 
here  until  near  six  o’clock,  and  started 
out  to  feed  my  horse.  I  met  the  boss 
and  he  said  they  were  behind  with  the 
work  and  I  would  have  to  help  after  sup¬ 
per.  My  clothes  wore  wet  from  my  neck 
to  my  socks.  I  went  home,  was  too  tired 
to  eat  much  supper,  laid  down  for  a 
little  while,  went  hack  to  work  at  seven 
o’clock  and  helped  cround  the  mangle 
until  10  o’clock.  I  was  hired  by  the  week 
and  this  was  a  day’s  work  in  the  steam 


laundry.  My  wages  were  $4  per  week.  I 
have  boon  at  ttie  business  19  years  and 
I  never  received  more  than  $10  per  week 
and  never  could  save  one  cent  until  I 
started  in  for  myself  with  the  helping 
hand  of  a  friend.  If  every  man  in  town 
would  tell  the  truth,  if  he  is  receiving 
less  than  $15  per  week,  and  trying  to 
bring  up  a  family,  there  would  be  very 
few  farmers’  boys  want  to  go  to  town. 

New  Jersey.  d.  d.  w. 


r 


Feeding  Millet. 

I  would  like  to  know  why  millet  hay 
cannot  be  fed  to  horses.  I  have  read  sev¬ 
eral  times  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  that  millet  hay 
was  not  good  for  horses,  but  what  bad 
effect  it  has,  or  whether  it  is  millet  cut  in 
the  bloom  or  in  the  seed  that  is  bad,  I 
have  never  seen  stated.  At  S.  D.  Wood¬ 
ruff’s,  In  Orange,  Conn.,  where  I  bought 
my  seed,  they  said  the  horses  would  pick 
the  hay  over,  but  said  nothing  about  it  be¬ 
ing  bad  for  them.  I  have  about  five  tons 
of  it.  cut  in  the  bloom,  and  I  notice  the 
horses  are  crazy  for  it.  It  is  very  sweet, 
so  I  suppose  that  is  the  reason.  I  have  fed 
It  to  them  green  all  Summer  and  they 
thrive  on  it ;  also  the  cows.  We  got  the 
five  tons  from  a  little  less  than  two  acres, 
besides  cutting  green.  I  have  quite  a  crop 
of  second  growth,  which  we  are  cutting 
green  for  the  horses.  This  headed  very 
short,  but  is  quite  thick.  We  shall  cut, 
plow  the  stubble  and  sow  rye  in  about  two 
weeks.  Please  tell  why  I  cannot  feed  this 
hay  this  Winter  to  my  horses.  I  know  it  is 
very  rich,  because  it  heats  so  easily,  but  I 
believe  it  is  a  great  crop.  e.  m.  c. 

Connecticut. 

Millet  cut  and  made  into  hay  when  the 
seed  is  ripe  and  then  fed  as  a  wellnlgh 
exclusive  food  causes  a  form  of  rheumatism 
especially  affecting  the  hock  joints  of  horses, 
and  for  that  reason  it  cannot  safely  be 
fed.  It  also  may  cause  mares  in  foal  to 
abort.  Green  cut  millet  has  not  the  effect 
stated,  nor  is  the  hay  from  immature  mil- 
lot  so  apt  to  cause  rheumatism  ;  but  we 
would  advise  making  such  hay  but  a  part 
ration,  along  with  other  hay,  fodder,  roots 
and  grain.  You  can  obtain  a  bulletin  on 
the  subject  by  asking  the  veterinarian  of 
the  North  Dakota  Experiment  Station  at 
Fargo,  N.  D.  a.  s.  a. 


Cow  Peas;  Kudzu  Vine. 

1.  If  you  raise  cow  peas  and  pull  them 
does  it  do  the  ground  any  good?  Can  any 
of  your  readers  give  any  pointers  about 
the  Kudzu  vine?  Will  it  stand  the  Win¬ 
ters  in  the  Ozarks,  and  is  it  good  for 
sheep?  I  wish  to  try  it  on  rocky  hillside, 
virgin  soil,  if  I  can  find  out  whether  it 
will  grow  well  and  make  good  grazing  for 
sheep.  c.  e.  d.  g. 

1.  No,  there  would  not  be  much  remain¬ 
ing  benefit.  When  the  vines  are  cut  for 
hay  the  stubble  and  roots  leave  consider¬ 
able  plant  food  in  the  soil.  Pulling  the 
vines  would  remove  over  half  of  this  value. 
2.  We  do  not  believe  Kudzu  will  thrive  In 
that  section. 


Ik  Hamilton  Reservoir 

Orchard  Heaters 


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GENUINE  THOMAS  PHOSPHATE  POWDER 

(Basic  Slag  Meal) 

Grows  Big'  Red  Apples  and  Other  Fruits 

TROPHIES  WON  BY  USERS  OF 

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AT  THE 

GREAT  NEW  ENGLAND  FRUIT  SHOW 

Held  at  Boston,  Mass.,  October  23-28,  1911 

International  Apple  Shippers’  Association’s  Cup  for  Best  Commercial  Exhibit  of 
Packed  Fruit.  Won  by  Conyer’s  Farm,  G.  A.  Drew,  Manager,  Connecticut. 
Silver  Cup  for  Best  Display  of  Baldwin  Apples  offered  by  Governor  Foss,  of 
Massachusetts.  Won  by  T.  K.  Winsor,  Rhode  Island. 

Silver  Shield  for  Best  Exhibit  of  Rhode  Island  Greenings  offered  by  Governor 
Pothier,  of  Rhode  Island.  Won  by  T.  K.  Winsor,  Rhode  Island. 

$25.00  Cash  for  Best  Barrel  of  King  Apples  offered  by  W.  &  B.  Douglas  Company, 
of  Connecticut.  Won  by  Elijah  Rogers,  Connecticut. 

First  Prize  for  Best  Barrel  of  Rhode  Island  Greenings.  Won  by  Elijah  Rogers, 
Connecticut. 

First  Prize  $50.00— Best  5  Boxes  of  Apples.  Any  Variety  or  Varieties.  Won  by 
Conyer’s  Farm,  G.  A.  Drew,-  Manager,  Connecticut. 

Second  Prize  $25.00  -  for  Best  5  Boxes  of  Apples.  Any  Variety  or  Varieties. 

Won  by  N.  S.  Winsor,  Rhode  Island. 

First  Prize— Best  Box  Exhibit  of  Apples.  Won  by  Conyer’s  Farm,  G.  A.  Drew, 
Manager,  Connecticut. 

Silver  Medal— Best  Packed  Exhibit  of  Apples.  Won  by  Conyer’s  Farm,  G.  A. 
Drew,  Manager,  Connecticut. 

First  Prize — Best  Box  of  Rhode  Island  Greenings.  Won  by  T.  K  Winsor, 
Rhode  Island. 

Sweepstakes  for  Best  Box  of  Apples  Packed  for  Market  $75.00,  Won  by  Conyer’s 
Farm,  G.  A.  Drew,  Manager,  Connecticut. 

Berlin  Prize — $25.00  Cash  and  Silver  Medal.  Won  by  Conyer’s  Farm,  G.  A. 
Drew,  Manager,  Connecticut. 

Connecticut  Pomological  Society — Silver  Medal  for  Best  Table  of  Fruit.  Won 
by  Conyer’s  Farm,  G.  A.  Drew,  Manager,  Connecticut. 

Massachusetts  Agricultural  College  Sweepstakes  for  Winning  Largest  Number  of 
Prizes.  Won  by  Conyer’s  Farm,  G.  A.  Drew,  Manager,  Connecticut. 

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if  you  mention  The  Rural  New-Yorker 


1911. 


THE  P£  IJ  RAL  NEW-YORKER 


llilS 


AN  EFFICIENT  SNOW  SHOVEL. 

Fig.  497  shows  a  cheap,  easily  made, 
efficient  snow  shovel  or  walk  cleaner.  It 
is  made  of  a  piece  of  pine  board 
feet  long,  10  inches  wide  for  a  "blade” 
and  two  pieces  of  pine  lxl^  inches  and 
four  feet  long,  with  a  short  piece  for  a 
hand  hold  across  the  handle  at  the  mid¬ 
dle  point.  A  dozen  eight-penny  nails, 
hammer,  nails  and  saw,  and  10  minutes’ 
time  and  you  have  it.  The  “blade” 
should  be  planed  smooth  on  both  sides. 
The  back  edge  should  be  chamfered  off 
as  in  the  end  view  cut,  and  then  it  will 
self  sharpen.  A  few  moments  use  will 
teach  the  various  ways  it  can  be  han¬ 
dled.  It-  is  strong  and  very  effective; 
can  be  used  as  a  stable  scraper  and 
keeping  the  barn  floor  tidy  without  rais- 


AN  EFFICIENT  SNOW  SIIOYEL.  Ftg.  497. 

ing  a  dust.  Use  it  and  you  will  be  a 
“booster”  with  and  for  this  shovel. 
Minnesota.  w.  j.  langley. 


STORY  OF  A  FERTILIZER  CONTRACT. 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  Summer  of  1910 
the  Riverhead  Fertilizer  Company,  an  or¬ 
ganization  of  farmers  of  Long  Island,  made 
a  contract  with  the  Consolidated  Agricul¬ 
tural  Chemical  Company  of  Newport,  Del. 
This  contract  called  for  the  delivery  of  300 
to  425  tons  of  animal  tankage,  in  good 
mechanical  condition,  properly  milled  and 
screened.  It  was  to  contain  seven  per  cent, 
of  ammonia  and  20  per  cent,  of  hone  phos¬ 
phate  of  lime,  under  guarantee.  If  the 
material  analyzed  less  than  this  guarantee, 
a  pro  rata  deduction  was  to  be  made.  If 
it  tested  over  the  guarantee,  addition  was 
to  he  made.  Such  difference,  more  or  less, 
was  to  be  figured  at  $3.25  per  unit  for  the 
ammonia  and  the  bone  phosphate  at  10 
cents  per  unit. 

The  goods  were  to  be  packed  in  sound 
second-hand  bags,  150  pounds  to  the  bag, 
these  bags  to  be  furnished  free  by  the  seller. 
It  was  contracted  that  the  analysis  was  to 
be  made  at  the  seller’s  expense  by  the  firm 
of  Hamlin  &  Morrison,  from  samples  drawn 
at  time  of  arrival  of  goods  by  the  seller 
and  buyer,  or  their  representatives.  On 
January  9  the  seller  sent  samples  of  tank¬ 
age.  The  buyers  telegraphed  back  that  the 
sample  was  not  satisfactory,  not  being  a 
straight  animal  tankage.  To  this  the  Dela¬ 
ware  company  replied  that  they  did  not 
manufacture  that  sample,  but  it  was  a  lot 
which  had  been  offered  them  for  sale,  being 
a  mixture  of  animal  tankage  and  a  small 
quantity  of  garbage  tankage.  They  sent  an¬ 
other  sample  which  they  claimed  was  made 
up  of  bone  tankage  and  blood.  This  sam¬ 
ple  proved  satisfactory,  and  orders  were 
given  to  ship  the  goods.  The  tankage  went 
forward  in  several  lots,  and  in  order  to 
finance  the  deal,  the  Delaware  company 
made  a  sight  draft  for  90  per  cent  of 
the  amount,  which  was  paid. 

When  the  tankage  arrived  it  was  found 
badly  heated  in  spots  throughout  the  car. 
In  these  spots  the  bags  were  all  rotten,  and 
the  cars  were  full  of  escaping  ammonia. 
The  Delaware  company  stated  that  they 
were  unable  to  account  for  this  heat  in  the 
cars,  and  made  light  of  the  ammonia  smell, 
as  they  said  it  would  amount  to  but  little. 
They  called  for  a  sample  of  these  goods  to 
be  sent  to  the  chemists  in  Philadelphia. 
Further  complaint  was  made  about  the  bags 
and  the  tankage.  The  bags  looked  as  if 
they  had  been  killed  or  eaten  up  by  acid, 
and  the  tankage  was  badly  heated  to  the 
touch.  Part  of  this  tankage  was  so  badly 
heated  that  they  were  obliged  to  dump  it 
out  and  rebag.  in  order  to  handle  it.  The 
bags  were  marked  “alkali.”  The  Delaware 
company  insisted  that  there  was  nothing  to 
be  reared  from  this  condition.  They  said 
the  alkali  bags  were  the  best  second-hand 
bags  they  could  purchase,  and  they  offered 
to  make  an  allowance  on  the  renewed  bags 
at  six  cents  apiece.  They  said  they  knew 
the  goods  wbre  all  right,  and  could  be 
stored  with  safety.  As  more  of  the  cars 
were  opened,  the  condition  of  the  tankage 
was  found  to  be  worse.  Some  of  the  bags 
were  so  badly  burned  that  they  could  not 
be  handled,  and  it  was  difficult  to  induce 
customers  to  accept  these  goods.  Some  only 
did  accept  them  with  the  understanding  that 
there  should  be  an  allowance  made. 

Samples  of  the  tankage  were  sent  to 
Hamlin  &  Morrison,  as  contracted,  and  also 
samples  of  the  bags  were  sent  to  Delaware. 
The  goods  were  considered  reasonably  satis¬ 
factory,  except  for  the  bags.  On  February 
27,  Hamlin  &  Morrison  made  report  of  their 
analysis,  which  gave  six  per  cent,  of  ain- 


m*nia,  and  20.35  of  bone  phosphate.  This 
made  a  shortage  of  one  per  cent,  of  the 
ammonia,  and  was  evidence  that  consider¬ 
able  of  this  ammonia  was  lost  in  the  cars. 
The  Consolidated  Chemical  Company 
claimed  that  this  analysis  was  not  correct. 
They  sent  another  sample  to  Wiley  & 
Hoffman.  This  firm  found  19. 08  per  cent, 
of  bone  phosphate  and  6.43  per  cent,  of 
ammonia.  The  Delaware  company  claimed 
that  this  latter  analysis  was  nearer  right 
than  the  other,  and  they  wanted  the  Long 
Island  people  to  accept  it,  even  after  they 
had  agreed  to  go  by  the  other  analysis. 
The  Long  Island  people  suggested  that  still 
another  sample  be  sent  to  Stillwell  &  Glad¬ 
ding..  To  this  the  Delaware  company 
agreed,  and  the  sample  was  sent,  under 
instructions  of  the  Delaware  company. 
Stillwell  &  Gladding  found  19.56  of  bone 
phosphate,  and  only  6.12  of  ammonia.  The 
Long  Island  buyers  made  the  suggestion 
that  a  settlement  be  made  on  the  basis  of 
the  difference  between  the  analysis  by  Still¬ 
well  &  Gladding  and  by  Hamlin  &  Mor¬ 
rison,  which  would  give  the  Delaware  com¬ 
pany  a  little  advantage  over  their  contract, 
and  payment  for  a  fair  proportion  of  the 
bags.  The  Delaware  company,  through  its 
general  manager,  then  stated  that  they 
thought  the  analysis  of  Stillwell  &  Glad¬ 
ding  would  be  fair  for  a  settlement.  Ac¬ 
cordingly  the  Long  Island  buyers  sent  a 
statement,  figuring  out  a  bill  on  the  basis 
of  Stillwell  &  Gladding,  for  a  balance  due 
of  $280.64.  This  bill  was  sent  on  March  23. 

On  April  12  they  wrote  again  that  noth¬ 
ing  had  been  heal'd  from  Delaware,  and 
again  on  April  14.  On  April  14  the  gen¬ 
eral  manager  from  Delaware  said  he  had 
not  been  able  to  go  over  the  account,  but 
would  do  at  once.  It  was  then  re¬ 
ported  from  Delaware  that  the  general 
manager  who  made  the  arrangement  had 
left  the  company,  and  on  May  24  the  Long 
Island  people  wrote  again  to  try  to  settle 
the  matter.  Again,  on  May  19,  a  new 
manager  of  the  Delaware  company  came 
forward,  saying  that  he  had  a  great  many 
things  to  attend  to  just  at  that  moment, 
and  would  like  an  itemized  account.  On 
June  12  the  Long  Island  buyers  took  up 
the  matter  again,  reviewing  the  matter  in 
an  effort  to  obtain  a  settlement.  On  June 
8  the  Delaware  company  actually  had  the 
nerve  to  send  a  statement  showing  that  the 
Long  Island  people  owed  them  $80.53.  They 
offered  to  send  new  bags  rather  than  pay 
six  cents  for  the  defective  ones,  and  they 
kindly  requested  that  a  check  lie  sent  them 
for  the  $80.53,  attempting  to  figure  the 
loss  on  the  analysis  of  Wiley  &  Hoffman, 
which  was  the  highest  of  all.  Then,  to 
cap  the  climax.  Stillwell  &  Gladding  wrote 
the  Long  Island  people  that  they  had  been 
instructed  by  this  Delaware  company  to 
collect  $12.80  for  the  analysis.  TTnabie  to 
obtain  any  satisfaction  from  this  Dela¬ 
ware  company,  these  Long  Island  buyers 
sent  the  papers  to  The  R.  N.-Y.  We  have 
had  a  long  correspondence  with  the  Consoli¬ 
dated  Agricultural  Chemical  Company,  with¬ 
out  any  result  whatever,  except  that  they 
think  the  secretary  of  the  Long  Island  buy¬ 
ers  should  come  to  Philadelphia  and  see 
them  about  it.  The  above  statement  is 
taken  from  the  correspondence  between  the 
parties.  At  this  time  of  the  year  farmers’ 
clubs  often  make  contracts  for  their  fertil¬ 
izers  on  some  such  basis  as  outlined  in  this 
statement.  In  theory  it  looks  like  a  fine 
thing  to  be  protected  by  a  guaranteed  analy¬ 
sis — but  where  is  the  protection  in  this 
case? 


DETERIORATION  OF  CONCRETE. 

There  is  some  complaint  of  poor  results 
in  concrete  work  everywhere,  yet  some  ex¬ 
cellent  work  has  been  done  in  almost  every 
community.  Just  where  the  blame  for  poor 
work  lies  is  difficult  to  trace.  There  are 
so  many  ways  to  pursue  to  cripple  good 
work  that  it  would  take  an  expert  to  trace 
out  why  things  went  wrong.  It  is  not  al¬ 
ways  the  fault  of  the  workman,  because  he 
is  not  always  in  possession  of  materials 
that  even  with  care  and  skill  will  make 
lasting  results  certain.  The  chief  foundation, 
of  course,  is  safe  and  reliable  cement.  Pro¬ 
portions  of  cement  and  sand  or  gravel  de¬ 
pend  entirely  upon  the  purity  of  either  of 
the  latter.  The  more  grit  and  mineral 
there  is  in  them  the  quicker  and  more  last¬ 
ing  will  be  the  work  when  completed.  In 
very  frequent  cases  sand  and  gravel  contain 
a  high  percentage  of  soil  and  humus  in 
them,  washed  together  along  streams.  With 
these  conditions  present  it  is  impossible  to 
secure  lasting  results.  I  know  of  some 
cases  where  crushed  sandstone  was  used  in 
the  place  of  gravel,  and  the  effects  from 
the  disintegrating  of  the  sand  rock  has 
caused  some  of  the  work  to  break.  In 
some  cases  the  lack  of  drainage  has  caused 
great  damage  in  spots  when  heavy  freezing 
occurred  during  Winter  months.  This 
trouble  I  am  sure  was  caused  by  too  shal¬ 
low  foundation  beneath  the  concrete.  Crack¬ 
ing  in  massive  walls  or  pillars  occurs, 
doubtless,  from  settling  of  portions  of  the 
walls  and  not  of  other  parts.  Poor  results 
occur  with  almost  every  concrete  con¬ 
structor.  and  even  amateurs  at  times  put 
up  most  excellent  walls  and  paving  work, 
and  then  fall  down  on  the  very  next  job.  T 
am  convinced  that  where  the  expert  uses 
the  best  of  material,  with  deep  foundation, 
and  the  best  of  drainage,  and  uses  sound 
judgment  in  thorough  mixing  prior  to  water¬ 
ing  the  mixture,  there  will  be  little  trouble 
in  securing  most  excellent  results  and  those 
results  lasting.  geo.  e.  scott. 

Ohio. 


SNAIL  CULTURE  IN  GERMANY. 

A  writer  in  the  “Florists’  Exchange.” 
Hugo  Mulertt,  describes  the  culture  of  the 
large  edible  garden  or  vineyard  snail,  Helix 
pomatia,  in  Europe. 

As  a  rule,  the  snail  culturist,  here  des¬ 
ignated  “Schneckenbauer”  (snail  farmer), 
used  to  collect  the  snails  he  wanted  dur¬ 
ing  the  Spring  of  the  year,  soon  after  they 
had  left  their  Winter  quarters — many  farm¬ 
ers  exercise  this  method  to-day — and  de¬ 
posit  them  in  reservations,  so-called  “snail 
parks.”  or  “snail  gardens,”  within  his 
premises.  These  parks  are  enclosures  in 
which  the  snails  are  protected  against  their 
enemies  and  prevented  from  wandering 
about  at  will  and  becoming  destructive. 
They  receive  intelligent  care  here  and  are 
finally  fattened  on  selected  food  of  a  strict¬ 
ly  vegetable  character.  With  the  approach 
of  cold  weather,  when  the  foliage  drops 
off  the  trees  and  vegetation  goes  to  rest, 
the  snails,  too.  retreat.  They  burrow  into 
the  ground,  close  their  houses  tightly  and 


retire  for  hibernation.  Germany's  largely 
and  steadily  increasing  population  and  in¬ 
dustry  has  caused  a  rapid  decrease  of  the 
rich,  natural  pastures  the  snails  enjoyed 
for  ages.  Their  number  is  lessened  from 
year  to  year  and  it  has  become  necessary 
now  not  to  depend  solely  on  collecting  ana 
protecting,  but  on  propagating  them  as 
well. 

From  the  stage  where  the  snails  seal 
up  their  shells  for  the  purpose  of  hiber¬ 
nation,  they  become  an  article  of  com¬ 
merce.  They  are  gathered  from  their  bur¬ 
rows,  packed  in  barrels,  between"  oats, 
like  eggs,  and  shipped  to  the  larger  cities 
or  communities  in  France  and  Austria,  prin¬ 
cipally  to  those  having  large  Catholic  pop¬ 
ulations.  There  they  are  used  by  the 
housekeepers,  or  prepared  in  establishments 
in  one  or  the  other  forms  of  cookery,  to 
be  re-shipped  to  the  fancy  grocers,  who  dis¬ 
tribute  them  to  the  consumers.  We  have 
over  30  different  recipes  for  preparing 
snails  for  the  table,  all  collected  from  dif¬ 
ferent  parties  in  different  sections  of  this 
country. 

Many  families  keep  their  “parks”  solely 
for  home  consumption,  just  as  most  Ameri¬ 
can  farmers  keep  their  poultry  yards  for 
the  production  of  eggs  and  chickens  for 
their  own  table.  But.  like  mushroom  cul¬ 
ture,  with  which  snail  culture  might  be 
ranked  and  compared  in  several  respects, 
the  culture  of  snails  has  been  taken  up  by 
quite  a  number  of  gardeners  and  nursery¬ 
men,  as  well  as  by  other  tradesmen  or  pro¬ 
fessionals,  as  a  side  branch  of  business,  and 
in  some  cases  it  has  eventually  developed 
into  their  main  branch.  The  business  is 
by  no  means  a  small  one,  as  one  might  be 
led  to  think ;  one  firm  alone  bought,  a  few 
years  ago,  the  product  of  130  parks, 
amounting  to  ten  millions  of  snails,  for 
which  they  paid  one  hundred  and  twenty 
thousand  marks  ($30,000).  Owing  to  last 
Summers’  drought,  the  price  of  them  is  this 
year  three  times  as  high.  From  another 
section  four  millions  of  snails  are  shipped 
to  the  city  of  Vienna  (Austria)  each  season. 
The  snaii  shells  average  in  size  1%  inch 
in  diameter,  and  the  “animal”  alone  weighs 
about  half  an  ounce;  the  length  of  the  snail 
when  creeping  is  four  inches  by  1%  inches 
wide. 


This  county  with  all  the  rest,  suffered 
the  great  drought  of  the  early  Summer 
until  August,  when  abundant  rains  set  in, 
and  the  ground  has  been  full  to  over¬ 
flowing  ever  since,  making  Fall  seeding, 
spreading  manure  and  all  Fall  work  very 
inconvenient.  Much  wheat  is  hardly 
through  the  ground,  which  looks  discourag¬ 
ing  for  the  next  crop.  Forage  of  all 
kinds  is  especially  high ;  hay  having  pro¬ 
duced  all  the  way  from  one  ton  down  to 
nothing  per  acre.  An  abundant  growth  oi 
Fall  pasture  has  allowed  stock  to  run  up 
to  the  present  time  without  much  feeding. 
A  large  auction  sale  on  an  adjoining  farm 
will  give  you  a  very  fair  idea  of  feed 
prices  as  they  rule  here,  but  conservative 
men  try  to  buy  elsewhere  than  at  sales. 
Thrashed  Timothy  hay,  baled,  $21  ;  millet 
hay,  $15.50  to  $17.50  per  ton  ;  baled  straw, 
$7  :  250  bushels  oats  sold  for  69  cents  per 
bushel.  Corn  in  crib,  69  cents  per  bushel. 
Corn  in  shock  making  strong  two  bushels, 
$1.10  per  shock.  Buyers  offer  90  cents 
for  wheat.  I  have  not  seen  much  stock 
sold  at  auction  except  Spring  lambs,  which 
brought  $2  to  $2.75  per  head,  weighing 
around  50  pounds.  Feeding  wethers  are 
not  plentiful,  but  sell  around  $3.50  per 
100  pounds.  Butchers  keep  the  prices  on 
feeding  cattle  above  a  profitable  level  for 
buying,  good  kinds  bringing  five  cents  per 
pound,  at  which  price  last  Fall  they  proveo 
a  loss  to  feeders.  We  know  of  no  good 
heavy  cattle  for  sale.  Thin  heifers  and 
cows  for  market  sell  cheap,  about  three 
cents.  Good  hogs  bring  around  six  cents 
with  feeders  afraid  to  buy  light  hogs  in 
some  sections  on  account  of  cholera.  Farm 
labor  is  scarce  and  as  compared  with  the 
farmer’s  profits,  too  high.  Farmers  as  a 
whole  are  wintering  only  enough  stock  to 
consume  their  own  feed,  most  men  believing 
it  is  policy  to  keep  the  feed  on  the  farm, 
where  it  belongs.  Silos  are  becoming  very 
popular,  the  present  cost  of  roughage  mak¬ 
ing  them  a  practical  asset  to  the  feed 
yard.  As  to  the  value  of  manure  we  would 
hesitate  to  buy  it  at  the  prices  at  which 
it  is  valued  by  the  experiment  stations, 
hut  we  cannot  get  along  without  it.  a  light 
application  of  it  being  the  only  fertilizer 
which  gives  to  the  writer  any  positive  re¬ 
turns.  I  believe  that  a  large  per  cent 
of  the  fodder  and  roughage  fed  on  some 
farms  is  of  no  more  value  to  it  as  a 
fertilizer  than  if  it  were  sold  and  hauled 
off.  It  does  not  pay  to  feed  the  stock 
“up  in  the  woodland”  or  “down  along  the 
brook.”  It  should  all  be  fed  where  it  may 
be  saved  and  again  be  applied  to  the  soil 
from  whence  it  came.  e.  w.  m. 

Hanover,  O. _ 

To  Prevent  Insanity. — The  State  Char¬ 
ities  Aid  Association,  during  the  past  year, 
has  distributed  to  persons  in  this  State 
366.000  pamphlets  entitled  “Why  Should 
Anyone  Go  Insane?”  The  pamphlet  gives 
facts  as  to  the  extent,  causes  and  prevention 
of  insanity,  and  is  issued  for  lay  circula¬ 
tion.  The  campaign  of  education  on  this 
subject  began  a  year  ago  and  through  pop¬ 
ular  lectures,  public  meetings,  newspaper 
and  magazine  articles  and  pamphlets,  it  is 
estimated  that  more  than  a  half  million 
people  have  been  reached — if  not  interested 
— and  it  is  hoped  that  the  fruits  of  the  cam¬ 
paign  will  be  shown  by  a  lessened  hospital 
population  in  the  immediate  future.  The 
work  will  continue,  for  the  people  behind 
it  consider  insanity  a  preventable  disease 
and  will  not  give  over  their  efforts  while  the 
public  remains  ignorant  of  this  fact.  c. 

Home  Fire  Dangers. — Thomas  .T.  Ahearn, 
the  State  Fire  Marshal,  a  new  position  cre¬ 
ated  by  reason  of  the  great  demand  for  bet¬ 
ter  inspection  of  factories  which  arose  imme¬ 
diately  after  the  fire  in  the  shirt  waist  fac¬ 
tory  in  New  Y'ork  last  Winter  where  scores 
of  lives  were  lost,  on  December  1  issued 
thousands  of  copies  of  a  booklet  for  general 
circulation,  in  which  he  calls  the  attention 
of  the  public  to  the  little  careless  things 
that  cause  many  fires,  destrov  many  homes 
and  cost  many  lives.  The  booklet  is  entitled 
“Home  Fire  Dangers.”  and  is  divided  into 
two  parts — “Nevers”  and  “Always.”  While 
some  of  the  “Nevers”  seem  trite,  yet  they 
are  in  truth  not  so,  especially  this  one'. 
“Never  insure  your  property  for  more  than 
its  value — the  temptation  is  too  great.” 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


“All  Cream — No 
Skimmed  Milk” 

A  paper  of  universal  appeal — as  interesting 
to  the  city  man  and  his  family  as  to  the 
farmer  and  his. 

A  paper  that  is  practical  without  being  dull — 
clean  without  being  preachy-outspoken  with¬ 
out  being  yellow — humorous  without  offense. 

A  paper  that  mirrors  farm  life  in  all  its 
delightful  reality — brings  the  smiling  coun¬ 
try  right  to  the  door  of  the  city  man  and 
teaches  one  farmer  what  the  others  are  doing. 

Such  a  paper  is  FARM  JOURNAL 

— the  crispest,  meatiest,  cheerfullest,  most 
helpful  and  best  loved  paper  printed. 

A  dollar  brings  it  to  you  monthly  for  five 
years.  If,  after  receiving  the  first  few  copies, 
you  don’t  like  your  bargain,  say  so,  and  we’ll 
rebate  to  cover  the  unexpired  subscription. 
We  take  the  risk — cheerfully. 

FARM  JOURNAL 

130  N.  Clifton  SL,  Philadelphia 


r 

GALVANIZED  ROOFINC 

i] 

1  Corrugatod  $ ^96  per  square. 

1  or  V  crimp  Del.  your  station  | 

Send  postal  for  new  catalogue  13 

r 

[GRIFFIN  LUMBER  CO.,  hudsnonyfaus  J 

Low-Down  Steel  Wheel  Wagons 

Are  fast  replacing  the  high  farm  wagons  for 
general  farm  work.  The  reason  is  plain.  The 
Low-Down  wagon  makes  easier  work  for  the 
man  and  no  harder  for  the  team.  One  man 
can  do  most  of  his  farm  work  alone  with  the 
Low-Down  wagon.  Get  our  free  catalogue. 
HAVANA  METAL  WHEEL  CO.,  BOX  17  HAVANA,  ILL. 


BUY  AN  ICE  PLOW 


and  savo  the  ice  crop.  Cut  your  ice 
quick  and  cheap  with  my  double- 
row  Ice  IMow.  It  equals  2(1 
men  with  saws.  Pays  for 
itself  in  1  day.  Also  Tools. 
Ask  for  catalog  and  prices- 
WH.  II.  PRAY,  Verbank,  M,  Y. 


Every  Rotten  Post 

that  must  be  replaced  entails  an  expense  greater  than 
setting  a  new  line  of  posts.  The  cost  of  replacing  is  post 
plus  labor  and  expense  incidental  to  a  disturbance  of  the 
balance  of  the  fence.  This  can  BE  PREVENTED  through 
the  proper  treatment  of  butts  of  posts  with  Avenarius 
Carbolineum.  Painting  3-foot  butts  two  coats  cost  no 
more  than  2  cents  for  each.  Circular  58  tells  all  about 
the  proper  preservative  treatment  of  posts.  It’s  free 
for  the  asking.  Write. 

CARBOLINEUM  WOOD  PRESERVING  CO. 

!8!  Franklin  Street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


BUY  LIME  NOW! 

Hydrated  Lime  in  paper  sacks,  car  lots,  for  $7.50 
per  ton.  Lime  Screenings  in  bulk,  from  best  grade 
of  burnt  lime,  $5.00  per  ton,  f.  o.  b.  cars  any  point 
between  Buffalo  and  New  York  on  the  main  lines 
of  the  N.  Y.  Central,  Erie,  D.,  L.  &  W.,  Penna 
Lehigh,  N.  Y.,  O.  &  W„  and  O.  R.  R.  of  N.  j. 
Special  price  on  ground  Laud  Lime  made  on  appli¬ 
cation.  Order  early  before  the  great  demand  sets 
in  and  delays  shipments. 

Address  J.  W.  Ballard  Co.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


GREAT  CROP  RESULTS 

from  the  use  of  Martin’s  Animal  Bone  and  Tankage 
Fertilizers  force  us  to  operate  a  third  factory;  total 
capacity,  200,000  tons.  Seven  large  abattoirs  and 
stockyards  furnish  the  bulk  of  our  raw  materials. 
Agents  and  farmers  constantly  assure  us  that  our 
fertilizers  give  the  best  results  of  any  ever  tested 
and  that  they  sell  more  than  of  any  ever  handled. 
Agents  and  farmers  wanting  strictly  independent 
animal  matter  fertilizers,  with  exclusive  selling 
territory,  should  arrange  with  us  NOW. 

D.  B,  MARTIN  CO.  burdIng  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE- 


.  .  .  MANUFACl’URKD  ONLY  BY  .  ,  . 

*Ihe  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Send  f°r  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard’s  “  Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


1216 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


December  23, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 


As  I  write  it  looks  like  a  soft  and  warm 
Christmas.  We  had  one  snowstorm  and 
baby  blizzard,  and  one  would  have  thought 
Winter  had  come  to  stay.  He  saw  greater 
attractions  elsewhere,  and  after  a  bite  or 
two  at  the  ground  off  he  went,  leaving  the 
soil  mud  by  day  and  a  thin  crust  at  night. 
Old  Winter  is  a  contrary  chap,  and  he  is 
likely  to  rush  back  at  any  time  and  fasten 
us  tight.  The  nights  are  damp  and  cool, 
but  that  makes  the  open  fire  more  cheer¬ 
ful.  When  we  tacked  on  that  old  part  of  the 
new  house  we  had  two  fireplaces  made.  No 
home  is  complete  without  an  open  fire  and 
a  crowd  of  children  to  sit  with  you  before 
it.  If  you  were  here  to-night  you  would  be 
right  here  with  us.  We  have  no  light  ex¬ 
cept  the  little  blaze  from  the  old  apple  log 
on  the  fire.  The  room  back  of  us  is  in 
deep  shadow,  but  I  can  see  the  faces  of 
one  redhead  and  a  couple  of  towheads  in 
the  fringe  of  light.  The  other  redheads 
have  gone  to  bed,  and  we  sit  here  toasting 
apples  and  bread  and  telling  of  the  great 
things  to  come  when  the  orchards  are  all  in 
bearing  and  “we  run  the  farm.”  There  are 
evidently  to  be  great  doings  then— autdmo- 
bile  trucks,  irrigation,  storage  and  big 
things  generally. 

“Don’t  you  believe  it  will  be  so?”  says 
little  Redhead  as  he  climbs  into  the  vacant 
place  in  my  chair  and  holds  out  a  long 
stick  with  an  apple  at  the  end.  I  should 
have  my  doubts  if  I  were  to  go  entirely 
by  my  own  experience  but  here  in  the  dim 
light  of  the  fire  1  can  remember  when  faith 
was  just  as  strong  in  me,  and  I  cannot  re¬ 
call  just  when  I  dropped  it.  So  I  am 
bound  to  agree  that  all  these  great  things 
are  surely  in  the  future.  Surely  a  fire¬ 
place  is  the  spot  for  old  friends  or  new 
ones.  The  children  want  stories.  Judge 
Lynx  and  Mr.  Wolverine  are  very  real 
when  the  flame  goes  down  and  you  glance 
back  over  your  shoulder  at  the  shadows. 
The  other  night  I  told  how  Judge  Lynx 
nearly  caught  Billy  Beaver  on  Christmas 
Eve.  One  boy  had  the  poker  and  the 
others  sticks  of  wood,  and  while  the  fire 
was  bright  and  they  were  all  close  to  my 
chair  they  were  very  brave,  and  told  the 
wonderful  things  they  would  do  if  they 
caught  the  old  rascal  on  the  road.  There 
certainly  are  very  convenient  times  when 
we  are  all  very  brave ! 

About  midnight,  however,  while  the 
house  was  very  still,  there  came  a  scream 
from  the  brave  little  Redhead’s  crib.  No 
monkey  ever  climbed  a  tree  quicker  than 
he  climbed  out  of  bed  and  made  a  run  to 
get  hold  of  Mother.  In  his  dream  he  saw 
Judge  Lynx  looking  at  him  with  Mr.  Wol¬ 
verine  coming  on  the  run !  That  was  too 
much  like  the  real  thing  even  tho’  a  dream. 
It  is  well  enough  to  tell  what  you  will  do 
when  there  is  no  sign  of  danger,  but  when 
the  enemy  comes  in  sight  the  time  is  quite 
ripe  to  let  someone  else  do  the  fighting  and 
protecting.  Mother  is  not  afraid  of  Judge 
Lynx,  but  there  is  a  time  for  sleep  and 
other  times  for  screaming,  and  so  there 
was  a  strong  veto  of  any  more  of  those 
stories  before  the  fire.  A  thrill  has  its 
charms,  but  not  when  manifested  in  mid¬ 
night  screams.  And  yet  stories  of  good 
little  boys  who  do  such  beautiful  acts  of 
self-denial  are  all  out  o-f  my  personal  ex¬ 
perience  and  knowledge  of  human  nature, 
and  they  do  not  sound  just  right  before 
an  open  fire. 

Yet,  as  l  sit  watching  the  fire  eat  away 
an  old  apple  limb  and  a  worn-out  fence 
rail,  it  comes  to  me  that  little  Redhead 
after  all  but  represents  the  spirit  of  mil¬ 
lions  who  have  gone  before  him.  All  men 
have  recognized  certain  things  which  repre¬ 
sented  “the  enemy”  with  which  there  could 
be  no  compromise,  no  friendship — only  cruel 
warfare  for  self  defense.  Under  favorable 
conditions  of  safety  most  men  brag  of  what 
they  would  do  if  they  met  this  “enemy” 
ooi  the  way.  I  have  seen  grown-up  men 
bristle  up  in  war-like  spirit — like  the  little 
Redhead — as  they  talked  about  politicians, 
the  liquor  power,  the  monopolies,  or  a 
dozen  other  things  which  thoughtful  men 
recognize  as  far  greater  enemies  of  society 
than  Judge  Lynx  ever  was  to  the  forest 
people.  Yet  put  those  men  up  where  they 
must  speak  or  vote  openly  and  at  some  risk 
of  property  and  comfort  and  they  see  Judge 
Lynx  looking  at  them.  As  with  little  Red¬ 
head,  one  look  is  quite  enough.  I  want 
my  children  to  understand  that  the  one 
who  runs  screaming  aSvay  from  Judge 
Lynx  is  most  likely  to  be  caught.  If  I 
could  have  the  power  to  give  men  and 
women  a  Christmas  present  it  would  be 
the  moral  courage  to  stand  and  not  run 
when  the  greater  Judge  Lynx  looks  at  them 
through  some  politician  or  political  “plat¬ 
form.”  Just  think  this  out  before  your 
open  fire. 

The  Nutshell. — Here  is  a  man  near  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico  who  wants  more  than  the 


shell  as  his  share  of  a  commercial  crop  of  nuts. 

“I  have  just  gathered  a  crop  of  pecans 
(25  barrels)  and  I  want  to  get  more 
than  35  per  cent  of  the  consumer’s  dollar. 

I  have  just  read  what  you  say  of  advertis¬ 
ing  in  the  local  papers.  The  local  market  is 
pretty  well  supplied,  and  I  must  reach  out 
for  a  market.  Can  you  suggest  a  way  for 
me  to  get  rid  of  my  pecans,  avoiding  all 
the  middlemen  I  can?  joe  p.  wilson. 

Mississippi. 

This  man  is  down  near  the  gulf  coast — 
probably  too  far  away  for  express  ship¬ 
ment.  He  might  advertise  for  freight  ship¬ 
ment,  but  I  fear  this  would  not  be  attrac¬ 
tive  to  the  buyers  he  is  after.  If  we  had 
parcels  post  this  man  would  have  the  trade 
in  a  nutshell.  He  could  advertise  in  North¬ 
ern  papers,  take  mail  orders  and  send  in 

II  pound  packages.  Pecans  retail  at  40 
to  75  cents  a  pound  here,  and  I  think 
there  would  be  a  large  mail  trade.  If  I 
were  in  this  man’s  place  I  would  advertise 
in  the  daily  papers  of  Mobile,  New  Orleans, 
Birmingham,  Jackson  or  Montgomery,  and 
offer  10  or  20  pound  lots  at  a  fair  price. 
I  think  there  would  be  a  good  demand.  It 
might  pay  to  work  up  as  far  north  as 
Memphis  and  Nashville.  That  would  be 
determined  by  the  express  rates.  Another 
plan  would  be  to  send  the  nuts  in  bulk  to 
some  northern  market  and  get  some  good 
man  to  advertise  them  here.  You  would 
have  to  be  very  sure  of  your  man,  or  he 
would  have  the  meat  and  you  the  shell. 

Florida  Facts. — The  mails  are  well  filled 
with  letters  about  Florida.  Here  is  an  un¬ 
usual  one : 

"Can  you  help  me  in  some  way  to  find  a 
home  in  Florida  where  we  can  help  pay 
our  expenses  as  companion,  home  keeper, 
nurse,  etc.,  as  we  are  busy  farmers  and  do 
not  care  to  walk  the  streets  for  exercise? 
Mr.  II.  has  weak  lungs,  must  go  South  for 
tho  Winter.”  h. 

New  York. 

I  do  not  know  of  any  such  opportunity. 
Yet  there  ought  to  be  many  of  them.  Most 
Florida  people  are  not  looking  for  com¬ 
panions,  etc.,  but  for  people  to  come  and  pay 
the  price.  Winter  is  to  Florida  what  Sum¬ 
mer  is  to  the  seaside  resorts  at  the  North. 
“Fish  in  Summer  and  Yankees  in  Winter” 
is  the  businesslike  way  of  expressing  the 
Florida  man’s  source  of  supply.  Among 
the  thousands  of  northern  people  who  go 
South  for  the  Winter  are  many  who  need 
just  such  help  as  these  friends  could  give. 
If  any  such  who  read  this  are  interested 
they  can  have  the  address. 

Here  is  another  typical  letter : 

“As  part  of  the  Hope  Farm  man’s  fam¬ 
ily  has  been  in  Florida  and  he  has  been 
there  more  or  less,  I  wish  to  ask  him  if  a 
northern  man  with  no  business  in  particu¬ 
lar  could  spend  his  Summers  North  and  his 
Winters  in  Florida  and  make  his  expenses 
for  self  and  wife  raising  strawberries  or 
truck  in  vicinity  of  Plant  City,  just  east 
of  Tampa,  with  any  degree  of  certainty? 
Work  to  be  done  with  hired  help.”  w. 
New  York. 

I  should  call  it  a  risky  game.  I  cer¬ 
tainly  could  not  do  it  in  Putnam  Co.,  where 
our  folks  spent  last  Winter.  It  is  strange 
how  people  get  the  idea  that  they  can  let 
Florida  land  alone  for  seven  months  and 
then  go  back  and  work  it  five.  I  would  not 
attempt  any  such  plan  unless  I  had  some 
interested  party  right  on  the  job  all  the 
time.  For  a  large  proportion  of  people  like 
our  friend  Florida  has  nothing  but  climate 
to  offer.  It  is  a  beautiful  place  to  spend 
the  Winter — but  take  the  price  with  you 
when  you  go. 

Hillside  Plows. — Here  is  an  old  ques¬ 
tion  : 

“I  wish  you  or  some  of  the  readers 
would  give  experience  with  a  hillside  or 
reversible  turning  plow.  I  never  saw  one. 
Will  they  work  all  right  on  level  ground? 
Jackson  Co.,  Ill.  d.  m. 

We  have  used  these  plows  considerably. 
They  are  best  adapted  to  hilly  ground.  The 
moldboard  is  hung  so  that  it  swings  back 
and  forth.  You  plow  across  the  field  turn¬ 
ing  furrow  to  the  right.  As  you  swing 
around  at  the  end  you  can  trip  or  swing 
the  moldboard  over  so  that  it  leans  to 
the  left.  Thus  when  you  return  the  fur¬ 
row  is  thrown  against  the  last  one.  Thus 
you  can  turn  all  the  furrows  one  way  and 
there  are  no  dead  furrows  in  the  field. 
These  reversible  plows  (have  a  heavier 
draught  than  the  others.  The  shape  of 
the  moldboard  is  different  in  order  that  it 
may  swing  over.  We  have  worked  our 
plow  on  level  ground,  but  a  good  plowman 
will  do  a  better  and  easier  job  in  most 
cases  with  the  other  kind. 

Good  Living. — Here  is  a  question  or  call 
which  might  well  start  up  deep  reflection : 

“I  have  not  been  feeling  very  well  of 
late — have  lost  my  appetite  and  cannot  eat 
well.  The  Hope  Farm  man  used  to  de¬ 
scribe  various  meals,  and  did  it  so  well 


that  it  made  my  mouth  water.  I  wish  he 
would  describe  another  good  one.  Per¬ 
haps  it  would  give  me  a  better  appetite.” 

Vermont.  C.  H.  J. 

I  wish  I  could  give  this  man  a  Christ¬ 
mas  present  of  the  appetite  I  worked  up  one 
Christmas  Day  some  years  ago.  I  was  a 
student  at  college,  and  we  went  into  the 
Michigan  lumber  woods  to  work  and  earn 
the  price  of  two  college  terms.  I  was 
working  in  a  swamp  getting  out  cedar  for 
shingles.  We  needed  water  to  float  our 
logs  out,  so  we  went  down  to  the  mouth  of 
a  little  stream  to  build  a  dam.  This  was 
done  by  digging  a  ditch,  putting  split  logs 
upright  and  piling  the  earth  against  them. 
We  were  at  this  job  Christmas  Day.  It 
was  very  cold,  and  there  was  no  Santa 
Claus  performance  in  that  ditch,  but  every 
spadeful  meant  a  few  moments  at  college. 
The  boss  had  tried  to  give  us  an  appropri¬ 
ate  dinner  and  had  sent  some  chickens  out 
from  town.  I  always  did  have  my  doubts 
as  to  the  ownership  of  those  chickens.  The 
driver  told  of  one  big  rooster  that  got 
away : 

“If  I  a  ketclied  him  he’d  ’a  went!” 

At  any  rate  there  was  not  half  enough 
chicken  to  go  around  and  the  cook  had 
fried  salt  pork  to  help  out.  He  brought 
the  dinner  down  in  a  basket  and  the  meat 
froze  on  the  way.  There  was  a  big  roar¬ 
ing  fire  near  our  ditch,  and*  the  cook 
thawed  out  the  food  while  we  worked. 

I  wish  I  could  have  had  my  Vermont 
friend  there  knee  deep  in  freezing  mud  with 
the  odor  of  fried  pork  and  chicken  hovering 
around  his  nose  and  mouth,  and  the  big 
coffee  pot  steaming  up.  That  lost  appetite 
would  have  come  back  grown  so  that  its 
owner  would  not  stop  to  recognize  it.  There 
was  bread  and  pork  gravy  and  “fried  holes” 
or  doughnuts,  and  the  world  was  surely 
mine  as  I  stood  with  back  to  the  fire  and 
gnawed  meat  and  bread.  Nothing  dainty 
or  fashionable  about  it,  I  admit,  but  of  all 
the  food  I  ever  tasted  that  lingers  longest 
in  memory.  My  boys  toast  bread  and  bacon 
before  the  fire.  I  do  not  care  for  a  taste 
now,  but  what  a  feast  it  would  be  with 
youth  once  more  and  every  blow  of  the 
pick  a  step  nearer  college ! 

But  did  you  find  these  hard  steps  to 
college  really  worth  taking? 

Yes  indeed,  but  that  is  another  story. 

H.  w.  c. 


Changing  Colors  in  Toys. 

Many  of  us  have  seen  little  so-called 
barometers  which  indicate  changes  of 
weather  by  color  change  in  the  dress  of  a 
doll.  The  reason  for  this  change  has  puz¬ 
zled  many,  but  is  explained  by  the  U.  S. 
Geological  Survey,  which  attributes  it  to  the 
use  of  cobalt.  The  principle  uses  of  cobalt 
in  the  United  States  are  in  making  glass 
and  pottery.  A  beautiful  blue  is  given  to 
glass  by  the  oxide  of  cobalt.  Sympathetic 
inks,  according  to  a  report  of  the  United 
States  Geological  Survey,  are  made  from 
cobalt  acetate,  chloride,  and  nitrate  that 
are  colored  when  heated  or  colorless  when 
cold.  This  interesting  phenomenon  is  due 
to  the  change  in  color  of  the  salts  on  the 
absorption  of  wkter.  When  dry  they  are 
blue  and  easily  seen  on  paper ;  when  damp 
they  are  pink;  and  when  dilute,  colorless. 
A  puzzling  application  of  this  principle  may 
be  in  a  doll  whose  dress  is  blue  in  dry 
weather  but  changes  to  pink  when  sub¬ 
jected  to  dampness,.  as  in  wet  weather  or 
when  the  doll  is  held  in  the  steam  of  a  tea 
kettle.  Artificial  flowers  are  made  to  show 
the  same  effect. 


Tiie  Hale  Peach. — Referring  to  article 
on  page  1175  please  use  your  influence 
toward  avoiding  “borta”  being  suffixed  to 
any  name  decided  on  for  Mr.  Hale’s  peach. 
Rank  confusion  would  surely  result  with 
those  who  have  to  do  with  “Elberta.” 1 
“Hale”  would  be  good  enough  for  most  of 
us.  Respecting  names,  the  lack  of  origin¬ 
ality  on  the  part  of  average  Americans  is  : 
painful.  "STONYCROFT.” 

Orchard  Cost. — A  demonstration  or¬ 
chard  of  450  apple  trees  was  started  last 
May  by  the  Massachusetts  Agricultural 
College.  These  trees  occupied  4%  acres — 
evidently  planted  20  feet  each  way.  Vege¬ 
tables  and  small  fruit  were  planted  be¬ 
tween  the  trees.  The  entire  cost  of  plant¬ 
ing,  fertilizing  and  cultivating,  etc.,  for  all 
crops  was  $118.36.  The  returns  from  the 
associated  crops  were  as  follows :  Rea 
kidney  beans,  $112;  sweet  corn,  $56.82; 
turnips,  $12 ;  and  the  berries  from  a  small 
patch  of  raspberries,  which  were  already 
in  one  corner  of  the  orchard,  sold  for 
$26.01,  giving  a  total  income  of  $206.83, 
which  leaves  a  net  profit  of  $S8.48  or  ap¬ 
proximately  $20  per  acre  while  the  trees 
are  coming  on. 


It  is  decided  by  the  General  Board  of 
Appraisers  that  mules  sent  from  the  United 
States  to  Mexico  for  work  there  must  pay 
duty  of  $30  per  head,  or  25  per  cent  ad 
valorem  on  being  brought  back  to  their 
native  country. 


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THIS  RUR-A.I*  NEW-YORKER 


11^17 


Ruralisms 

The  Picquet’s  Late  Peach. 

Having  in  a  way  indorsed  this  peach 
myself  in  my  late  article,  and  seeing 
D.  V.  P.  of  Maryland  speak  so  highly 
of  it,  a  little  further  explanation  con¬ 
cerning  it  ought  to  be  of  interest  to 
your  readers.  The  'writer  has  been 
familiar  with  this  peach  since  1879. 
Under  normal  conditions,  years  ago, 
this  peach  paid  right  well  in  Texas. 
It  is  of  the  Columbia  (Squaw)  type, 
is  of  good  quality  and  at  its  best  is 
excellent  for  home  use  and  nearby  mar¬ 
kets.  It  is  rather  of  a  dull,  yellow 
color,  not  inviting  to  the  eye.  But  a 
more  serious  fault  is  its  being  too  free, 
there  being  a  cavity  between  pit  and 
flesh,  and  in  dry  weather  this  often  re¬ 
sults  in  decided  cracks  about  the  stem, 
letting  in  water  and  thus  ruining  the 
fruit  for  anything  but  hog  feed.  Some 
years  the  largest  part  of  a  crop  is  lost 
in  this  way,  and  for  this  reason  it  has 
been  discarded  years  ago  by  our  intel¬ 
ligent  planters.  A  peach  to  be  first 
class  for  market  should  be  of  bright 
color,  be  smooth  of  outline,  fair  qual¬ 
ity  at  least,  and  then  it  must  be  firm, 
the  meat  packed  tight  around  the  pit, 
yet  separating  freely  from  it  when  cut 
open.  Such  peaches  as  a  rule  carry 
well  and  keep  nicely  where  exposed 
for  sale.  Mr.  Hale’s  new  peach  ap¬ 
pears  to  be  of  such  a  type,  and  the 
Bell’s  October  and  Elberta  crosses  that 
I  have  been  fortunate  in  producing  are 
of  a  similar  character.  There  ought  to 
be  always  room  for  something  better. 
I  have  one  more  desire,  and  that  is  to 
bring  about  some  new  sorts  with  ex¬ 
ceptional  hardiness ;  in  other  words,  get 
some  that  bear  in  off  years  or  when 
others  fail. 

The  past  season  was  a  general  fail¬ 
ure,  so  to  speak,  in  peaches  in  this 
section.  I  had  not  a  single  Elberta  on 
the  place,  though  two  of  my  seedlings 
bore  a  full  crop.  One  is  the  Frank,  ripe 
a  week  after  Elberta,  and  the  other  is 
Lizzy,  ripening  two  weeks  after  Salway. 
I  expect  to  cross  these  two  and  find  if  it 
is  possible  to  produce  a  line  of  more 
regular  bearers.  The  Frank  is  a  peach 
the  size  of  a  good  Carman,  bright  yel¬ 
low  with  much  red,  high,  quality  cling. 
Lizzy  is  a  freestone,  full  size  of  Elberta, 
rounder,  high  quality,  color  yellow  and 
nice  red.  I  may  hardly  expect  to  live 
long  enough  to  see  the  outcome  of  this 
combination,  yet  I  deem  the  object  of 
such  importance  as  to  make  it  well 
worth  while  for  me  to  undertake  it.  It 
may  be  of  some  little  interest  to  your 
readers  to  learn  as  to  what  names  have 
been  chosen  for  the  rest  of  my  new 
comers.  Ripe  a  week  ahead  of  Elberta 
is  a  fine,  large  yellow  cling  (Mamh 
Ross — Elberta  cross)  named  Joe.  A 
week  after  Elberta  comes  Frank,  Tena 
(freestone),  Kirk  (cling),  then  come 
Barbara  (free),  Millard  (cling)  and 
Katie  (free),  while  a  week  after  Katie 
comes  Lizzy.  Of  course  time  only  can 
tell  as  to  which  or  how  many  of  them 
may  become  standards.  All  of  them  are 
yellow,  of  good  form  and  high  quality. 

Texas.  j.  w.  stubenrauch. 

Top-working  the  Kieffer  Pear. 

I  noted  on  page  1137  an  answer  to  a 
question  of  one  of  your  readers  in 
which  it  was  stated  that  the  Kieffer 
tree  made  an  excellent  stock  for  top¬ 
working  other  varieties  of  pears.  I 
think  in  a  majority  of  cases  where  the 
Kieffers  have  been  used  as  a  stock  for 
other  varieties  they  have  proved  un¬ 
satisfactory.  In  several  instances  I  have 
myself  top-worked  Clapp’s  Favorite, 
Bose  and  Bartlett  upon  them.  The  re¬ 
sulting  growth  for  the  first  two  or  three 
years  was  satisfactory,  but  the  growth 
did  not  continue,  the  grafts  remaining 
at  practically  the  same  size  as  at  three 
years  old  and  evidently  unthrifty. 
Twelve  or  15  years  ago  some  agents 
selling  nursery  stock  pushed  the  sale  of 
several  varieties  of  pears  top-worked 
upon  Kieffer  stock.  In  one  instance 
which  I  have  in  mind  about  50  Seckel 
and  50  Bartlett  were  bought  and  these 
trees  made  a  satisfactory  growth  for 
four  or  five  years,  and  then  began  to 
die,  and  when  12  years  had  passed  only 
an  occasional  one  was  yet  alive,  whereas 
the  same  varieties  budded  as  usually 
grown  in  the  nursery  are  yet  living, 
bearing  satisfactory  crops. 

B.  D.  VAN  BUREN. 


Sub-Irrigation  in  Greenhouse. 

S.  C.  S.,  Dalton,  O.— I  have  a  bottom 
center  bed  in  a  greenhouse  about  seven 
feet  wide  and  60  feet  long  that  I  wish  to 
arrange  for  sub-irrigation  by  using  three- 
inch  drain  tile.  Please  give  me  full  partic¬ 
ulars  how  to  arrange  it  from  start  to  finish. 

Ans. — It  is  the  opinion  of  those  ex¬ 
perimenting  with  greenhouse  sub-irriga¬ 
tion  that  solid  beds  on  the  ground  have 
not  been  successful  unless  there  was  an 
impervious  clay  bottom.  As  lumber 
used  in  benches  swells  and  warps, 
benches  of  tile  and  cement  seem  the  only 
practical  construction.  The  laying  of 
the  tile  should  be  on  the  same  principle 
as  for  tile  draining,  perfect  level  being 
maintained,  and  the  lines  of  tile  must 
be  straight,  so  as  not  to  impede  the 
water.  The  results  are  better  when  the 
tile  run  across  the  bed  than  when  length¬ 
wise,  as  it  is  difficult  to  maintain  an 
even  flow  in  a  long  line  of  tile.  The 
tile  are  usually  laid  two  feet  apart, 
though  some  experimenters  approve  of 
laying  them  close  enough  to  touch,  thus' 
covering  the  bottom  of  the  bench.  A 
little  cement  or  mortar  is  put  at  each 
joint  merely  to  hold  the  tile  together 
when  the  bed  is  being  filled,  but  not 
enough  to  interfere  with  the  flow  of 
water  through  the  joints.  The  first 
tile,  where  the  water  is  applied,  lies  at 
an  angle,  resting  up  against  the  side 
of  the  bench :  a  curved  sewer  pipe 
is  desirable  for  this  inlet,  but  if 
this  is  not  available  the  wide  open¬ 
ing  left  where  a  straight  tile  is  rested 
up  against  the  edge  of  bench  should 
be  closed  with  cement.  Where  the 
tile  are  laid  so  close  together  that 
they  touch  every  part  of  the  soil  is 
evenly  moistened,  and  for  this  reason 
the  plan  is  approved  though  the  tile 
two  feet  apart  seem  to  give  good  results 
and  are  naturally  cheaper  to  install. 

Grafting  Chestnut  Sprouts. 

B.  B.,  Piqna,  0. — We  have  just  pur¬ 
chased  100  acres  of  choice  apple  land  in 
the  Shenandoah  Valley  of  Virginia.  Part 
of  this  is  covered  with  chestnut  sprouts 
five  to  eight  feet  high,  from  fine  old 
stumps.  We  wish  to  clear  away  all  sprouts 
and  bushes  except  two  to  each  stump 
within  a  radius  of  15  to  25  feet;  then  to 
work  these  to  Paragon  or  other  early  Jap¬ 
anese  varieties  and  keep  headed  low.  Is  It 
feasible?  We  are  quite  expert  in  top-work¬ 
ing  apples,  but  never  did  any  nut  trees. 
Can  we  do  it  or  should  we  get  an  experi¬ 
enced  man?  Where  can  we  get  dependable 
scions?  They  must  come  from  a  section 
free  of  blight.  There  is  no  blight  near  our 
place  as  yet.  Very  fine  native  chestnuts 
were  on  the  few  standing  trees,  and  even 
the  sprouts  had  many  burrs,  but  no  nuts. 

Ans. — The  theory  of  growing  chest¬ 
nuts  profitably  on  wild  stump  sprouts  is 
very  good,  and  it  has  been  worked  out 
satisfactorily  in  a  few  cases,  but  in 
many  it  has  not  been  so.  Grafting  the 
choice  varieties  on  native  stocks  can  be 
done  with  reasonable  success.  It  should 
be  done  in  the  usual  grafting  season, 
but  with  scions  that  have  been  kept  per¬ 
fectly  dormant.  The  ordinary  cleft 
method  of  grafting  is  very  good,  but 
the  stumps  should  be  cut  with  sloping 
tops  and  not  square-cut  ones,  because 
they  heal  over  much  better.  The  tongue 
graft  is  also  a  very  good  one,  and  on 
rather  small  to  medium  stocks  this  is  the 
preferable  style.  The  variety  that  is  best 
of  all  is  the  Rochester.  This  is  a  pure 
native  American  seedling  but  of  large 
size,  and  has  the  usual  rich  flavor  and 
freedom  from  the  bitter  skin  that  all 
foreign  species  have.  This  choice  va¬ 
riety  originated  in  a  lot  of  chance  seed¬ 
lings  grown  from  native  nuts  in  a  nur¬ 
sery  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  and  was  sent 
to  Alton,  Illinois,  where  it  proved  its 
true  value.  The  tree  is  a  very  heavy 
bearer  and  the  growth  is  vigorous  and 
the  foliage  health}'.  But  the  dreaded 
chestnut  blight  may  devastate  the  chest¬ 
nut  forests  of  Virginia  as  it  has  those 
of  New  England  and  regions  farther 
south.  It  is  steadily  moving  southwest- 
ward.  Another  trouble  that  all  chestnut 
growers  in  the  Eastern  States  must 
meet  is  the  weevil  or  worms  that  infest 
the  nuts.  They  are  worse  where  the 
native  trees  are  abundant  than  where 
they  are  not.  There  is  no  known  way 
to  prevent  them  from  laying  their  eggs 
in  the  nuts  and  it  is  impossible  to  kill 
the  beetles  that  lay  the  eggs.  The  young 
larvae  can  be  killed  by  scalding  the  nuts 
and  by  the  fumes  of  bisuplphide  of  car¬ 
bon  in  a  tight  barrel  or  box. 

H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


The  Mexican  Pecan  Crop. 

The  pecan  crop  in  Mexico  this  year  will 
amount  to  about  00  cars,  averaging  35,000 
pounds  each.  The  nuts  are  selling  this 
year  at  6%  to  7%  cents  gold  per  pound, 
the  latter  price  predominating.  The  pecan 
season  in  Mexico  lasts  from  September  to 
March.  Of  the  total  crop,  Mexico  will  use 
about  three  cars,  practically  all  of  the  rest 
going  to  the  United  States.  During  the 
season  many  American  buyers  come  to  Mex¬ 
ico,  chiefly  from  Texas,  and  secure  the 
nuts  from  the  growers  or  commission  men 
by  direct  purchase. — Consular  Reports. 

The  pecan  grows  wild  along  the 
streams  in  northern  Mexico,  and  the 
nuts  are  gathered  in  the  Fall,  as  they 
are  everywhere  else,  but  do  not  all  get 
into  the  trade  before  Spring.  The  price 
there  is  very  low,  and  dealers  take  ad¬ 
vantage  of  it  and  make  a  big  profit. 
The  smallest  and  poorest  seedlings  are 
bringing  10  cents  per  pound  in  Louis¬ 
iana  and  all  over  the  pecan  region  this 
year.  I  had  to  pay  that  for  several 
barrels  to  plant.  One  of  our  choice 
trees  bore  400  pounds  this  year,  worth 
50  cents  per  pound,  or  $200  for  the  crop. 
The  young  trees  I  planted  five  years  ago 
bore  their  first  few  nuts  this  year,  which 
is  the  beginning  of  hundreds  of  crops 
to  COme.  H.  E.  VAN  DEMAN. 


GARDEN  AND  GREENHOUSE. 

Dahlias  for  Cut  Flowers. 

We  have  been  growing  Dahlias  for  cut 
flowers  for  a  good  many  years  and  every 
year  we  grow  more.  We  sell  them  through 
a  commission  house,  and  find  it  very  satis¬ 
factory.  We  do  not  think  there  is  any 
great  fortune  in  it  for  anyone,  althougn 
we  know  of  a  number  of  people  who  are 
making  a  comfortable  living  out  of  Dahlias 
and  other  cut  flowers,  wm.  f.  bassett. 

New  Jersey. 

Gladiolus  as  a  Side  Line. 

Regarding  a  farmer  trying  to  grow  Gladi¬ 
olus  as  a  side  line  I  hardly  know  what  to 
say  I  don’t  believe  much  in  side  lines. 
Gladioli  are  now  being  grown  everywhere 
in  quantity.  We  make  a  little  money  out 
of  the  business,  but  we  do  it  mostly  out 
of  varieties  of  our  own  origin,  while  they 
are  new  and  bring  a  fancy  price,  but  in 
order  to  do  this  we  have  had  to  give  up 
our  general  florist’s  business  and  make  a 
specialty  of  Gladioli  alone.  We  do  no 
business  with  commission  men ;  have  tried 
it,  but  it  does  not  pay.  In  my  opinion 
it  pays  best  to  do  one  thing  and  do  it  well. 

Ohio.  FRANK  BANNING. 

Boxwood  as  Florist’s  Greens. 

Boxwood  for  greens  is  supplied  from  the 
old  plants  at  the  present  time  but  we  are 
informed  that  a  number  of  parties  are  plant¬ 
ing  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  the  traae. 
It  is  a  slow  grower  indeed,  but  we  are  sure 
that  cuttings  could  be  made  every  few 
years,  if  the  young  plants  were  properly 
cultivated  and  fertilized.  We  advocate  the 
culture  of  this  plant  from  a  commercial 
standpoint,  and  are  sure  that  it  would  pay 
handsomely.  Care  must  he  taken  in  Its 
early  growth.  We  would  suggest  that 
wheat  or  rye  be  planted  around  it  to  pro¬ 
tect  It  from  the  sun.  charl.es  g.  jones. 

Delaware. 

Transplanting  Wild  Stock, 

I  have  transplanted  dogwood  trees  from 
two  feet  to  15,  and  been  successful  witn 
all  sizes  up  to  15  feet.  Dogwood  is  like 
all  other  trees ;  when  taken  from  their  na¬ 
tive  soil  great  care  should  be  observed  In 
digging  them  so  as  not  to  damage  the  small 
roots.  When  I  dig  any  plant  I  use  nothing 
but  the  large  nurseryman’s  spade  and  use 
all  care  possible  to  hold  all  the  fiber  roots. 
Then  if  anyone  packs  the  trees  carefully, 
using  plenty  of  swamp  moss  and  water, 
they  will  stand  the  transplanting  all  right, 
and  be  out  of  the  ground  for  two  weeks. 
This  has  been  my  experience.  I  have  been 
in  this  business  for  the  last  nine  years.  In 
that  time  I  have  shipped  about  500  cars 
of  different  kinds  of  plants.  I  have  sup¬ 
plied  all  the  native  plants  used  on  the  large 
estate  of  .Tames  B.  Duke  at  Somerville, 
N.  J.,  which  is  the  largest  private  estate 
in  the  country.  Anyone  must  have  experi¬ 
ence  in  the  business,  and  use  all  proper  care; 
then  he  can  handle  almost  any  native 
shrub  or  tree.  If  they  are  given  the  same 
attention  in  planting  they  will  grow.  An¬ 
other  point  must  be  considered  :  that  is  the 
change  of  soil.  If  the  person  who  is  going 
to  plant  the  trees  has  not  the  right  soil 
he  would  better  have  some  of  the  native 
soil  shipped  with  the  plants. 

Sullivan  Co.,  N.  Y.  chas.  g.  curtis. 

Snapdragons  for  Florist’s  Use. 

Snapdragons  are  used  almost  all  the  year, 
although  the  greatest  demand  comes  for 
Decoration  Day.  The  choice  varieties  are 
fine  for  cut  flowers,  and  now  that  seed 
of  the  separate  colors  can  be  obtained  they 
are  especially  useful.  Many  florists  use 
them  to  come  in  as  the  other  flowers  grow 
scarce.  Seed  sown  the  latter  part  of  July 
will  be  ready  to  pot  into  2 14 -inch  pots 
when  they  are  1  %  inches  tall,  and  from 
these  can  be  planted  directly  into  the  beds. 
This  sowing  will  be  in  bloom  for  the  early 
Spring  trade. 

THE  MOSBAEK  GREENHOUSE  COMPANY. 

Illinois. 


Kill  the 
Scale 

with  the  one  most  re¬ 
liable  remedy  against 
the  San  Jose  Scale. 

Spray  NOW  with 

BOWKER’S 

LIME-SULPHUR 


Write  for  Book  and  Price  List  to 

BOWKER  INSECTICIDE  CO. 
BOSTON,  MASS. 


Spray  Trees  Now 

while  you’ve  time  to  do  a  thorough  job 
Don’t  put  off  till  busy  spring.  Use 

Target  Brand 
Scale  Destroyer 

A  miscible  oil  that  destroys  San  Jos6  Scale 
and  all  other  scales.  It  spreads  on  contact 
with  the  tree,  thus  covering  every  part,  even 
those  missed  by  the  direct  spray. 

Endorsed  by  every  experiment  station  where 
tested.  Sold  by  good  dealers  everywhere.  Write 
for  free  booklet,  “  Fall  and  Winter  Spraying.” 

HORTICULTURAL  CHEMICAL  COMPANY 

131  S.  Fourth  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


SPRAT 


rRigs  of 
All  Sizes 
For  All  Uses 


The  Leader  Sprayer 

for  up-to-date  orchard- 
ists  keeps  10  nozzles  go¬ 
ing  with  200  lbs.  pres¬ 
sure.  Most  satisfactory 
of  all  orchard  spray  rigs. 

Engine  suited  to  gener¬ 
ating  power  for  all  farm 
work.  Buokot,  Barrel, 

Mounted  4-Row  Potato 
Sprayers,  etc.  Free 
catalogue  describes  en¬ 
tire  line.  Write  for  it. 

Also  spraying  formula, 
calendar  and  complete 
spraying  directions. 

Address 

FIELD  FORCE  PUMP  CO..  2  11th  St..  Elmira.  N.Y 


Our  No.  1 90  Horizontal  Barrel 
_  Sprayer,  solidly  built  on  skids,  is  shipped 
ready  ior  work  in  orchard,  garden  or  field. 
Pump  outside — all  parts  easy  to  get  at.  No 
waste  of  time ;  no  unpleasant  work  with  the 
hands  in  the  solution  trying  to  fix  valves  or 

facking.  No  corrosion.  Heavy  pressure. 

horoughly  serviceable  and  satisfactory,  a 
Four  row  attachment. 

You  must  see  this  spraver  to  know  its 
value.  Ask  your  dealer  to  show 
f  it.  Write  us  for  special  book¬ 
lets.  Complete  line  of 
farm,  garden  and  or¬ 
chard  tools  backed  by 
76  years’  experience. 

Bateman  M’fg  Co., 

Box,  102-B  Grenloch,  M.J. 


on  FREE  TRIAL 


No  money  in  advance— no  bank  deposit. 
Horse  and  Man  Power  Sprayers  for  field  and 
orchard,  Barrel  and  Power  Sprayers.  All  have 
•  thorough  agitation  and  are  built  to 
for  5  years.  We  pay  freight, 
pays  for  the  machine.  Write  to-day  for 
catalog,  spraying  guide  and  special  free 
in  each  locality. 


PRIZE 
APPLES 
OR  CIDER 
APPLES!? 


For  the  past  four  years  the  great  state  of  rennsylvanfa  has  made  a  special  appropriation  of  from  $30,000  to  $40,000  annually  to 
teach  the  fruit  grower  how  to  use  Lime-Sulfur  washes,  and  incidentally,  to  warn  them  against  the  use  of  “Scalecide in  spite  of 
■which  the  demand  for  “Scalecide”  has  increased  from  year  to  year  and  apples  from  trees  sprayed  with  “Scalecide”  for  live 
years  took  all  the  first  prizes  at  the  Pennsylvania  Horticultural  Society  meeting  in  1910;  three  silver  cups,  the  Adams  County 
sweepstakes  and  20  first  prizes  at  the  meeting  of  the  same  society  in  1911.  Which  pays  best?  Frize  apples  or  cider  apples? 
“Scalecide”  has  no  substitute.  A  postal  request  to  Dept  N  will  bring  you  by  return  mail,  free,  our  book,  “Modern  Methods 
of  Harvesting,  Grading  and  Packing  Apples,”  and  new  booklet,  “SCALECIDE,  the  Tree-Saver.”  If  your  dealer  cannot  sup 
you  with  “SCALECIDE”  we.will  deliver  it  to  any  R.  R.  Station  in  the  United  States  east  of  the  Mississippi  and  north  of  the  Ohio 

Rivers  on  receipt  of  the  price;  5G-gal.  bbls.,  $25.00  ;  30- gal.  bbls  * .  — 

B.  G.  PRATT  COMPANY,  50  Church  Street,  tfew  York  City. 


_  _ Ijppi  i _ 

$16.00;  10-gal,  cans,  $6.75;  5-gaL  cans,  $3.75.  Address, 


1218 

The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER’S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes 

Established  lsr,o 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 

IIerbkbt  W.  C o TXT no  wood,  President  and  Editor. 

John  J.  DlELON,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mbs.  E.  T.  Royle,  Associate  Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union,  82.04,  equal  to  8s.  6d.,  or 
m  marks,  or  10J4  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  or  bank  draft. 


Entered  at  New  Y ork  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 


Advertising  rates  00  cents  per  agate  line — 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  us  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 


“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

Wo  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  backed  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  we  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues,  but  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  trifling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  Neither  will  we  be 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  you  must  have  mentioned  The  Ruhal  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser. 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses,  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

“ Killing  witch  grass!”  That  method  described  on 
the  first  page  is  enough  to  kill  any  weed  that  ever 
started.  Such  intense  culture  will  slay  the  witch  grass 
and  turn  it  into  fertilizer  to  feed  potatoes.  Now, 
would  it  not  pay  to  put  this  time  and  work  onto  a 
few  acres  rather  than  to  spread  it  over  three  times  the 
area?  Who  ever  heard  of  a  prize  crop  from  once 
plowing  and  once  harrowing? 

* 

There  will  be  a  novel  feature  at  the  New  York 
Fruit  Growers’  meeting  at  Rochester.  On  the  after¬ 
noon  of  January  4  five  young  men  students  at  Cornell 
will  speak  for  a  $50  prize.  They  will  speak  on  horti¬ 
cultural  subjects.  In  past  years  we  have  known  young 
men  to  declaim  for  prizes  on  “The  Age  of  Chivalry” 
or  “The  Dawn  of  Poetic  Influence.”  We  are  glad  to 
have  lived  to  see  the  time  when  sensible  young  men 
can  enter  such  a  contest  as  is  announced  for  Rochester. 
That  puts  horticulture  and  fruit  growing  along  the 
road  to  fair  equality  among  the  professions. 

* 

The  record  of  Mr.  Dougan’s  hens  (pageT224)  will 
make  good  reading  for  the  gentlemen  who  have 
wings  on  their  imagination.  Here  is  a  man  who 
figured  $9  income  per  hen  last  year.  He  has  experi¬ 
ence,  sufficient  capital,  good  stock  and  is  willing  to 
work.  Yet  you  can  see  that  he  is  unable  to  get  any 
prize  from  these  hens.  The  financial  side  cannot  be 
figured  yet,  but  on  eggs  alone  at  average  prices  what 
would  the  beginner  have  left?  Of  course  we  realize 
that  the  plausible  gentleman  who  has  some  new  sys¬ 
tem  to  sell  will  say  that  you  can  easily  beat  Mr.  Dou¬ 
gan’s  record.  He  who  tries  to  give  the  truth  about 
hen  keeping  is  usually  called  a  “croaker” — but  there 
is  no  reason  why  that  should  shut  off  the  facts.  Mr. 
Dougan  will  make  a  profit  on  his  experiment,  but  it 
will  not  be  any  bonanza. 

* 

In  Germany  the  carrying  of  parcels  by  the  post  is  as  well 
established  as  the  transport  of  freight  by  the  railroads 
and  waterways.  It  is  a  part  of  the  economic  life  of  the 
Empire,  and  any  talk  of  abolishing  the  system  would 
immediately  raise  protests  from  the  business  world  and 
from  people  in  all  walks  of  life.  Whether  or  not  the 
Government  realizes  a  gain  or  suffers  a  loss  in  the  parcel- 
delivery  department  of  the  post  office  cannot  be  stated, 
as  separate  accounts  are  not  kept  of  the  expenses  and 
receipts  of  the  parcel  post,  but  only  for  the  entire  postal, 
telegraph,  and  telephone  services.  It  may  be  stated  that 
if  the  parcel  post  in  Germany  were  operated  at  a  loss, 
which  is  probably  not  the  case,  it  would  still  be  carried 
on  for  the  benefit  of  the  people. 

That  is  the  report  of  Consul-General  A.  M. 
Thackara,  of  Berlin.  What  a  commentary  upon  the 
supposed  progress  and  freedom  of  this  Republic ! 
Germany  is  a  monarchy  where  men  are  sent  to  jail 
for  speaking  of  the  ruling  class  in  a  way  that  is  com¬ 
mon  conversation  here.  Yet  the  Germans  have  this 
privilege  of  parcels  post — in  one  year  sending  245,- 
059,299  packages  through  the  mail.  In  this  country, 
where  the  service  would  be  of  even  greater  value  to 
the  public,  the  express  companies  and  their  allies  are 
able  to  hold  up  the  public  and  rob  them.  No  softer 
word  can  be  used  to  describe  the  infernal  outrage 
which  this  Government  has  permitted  so  long.  If  we 
could  have  but  a  trial  of  parcels  post  in  this  country 
the  situation  would  be  the  same  as  in  Germany,  and 
no  government  would  dare  think  of  giving  it  up.  The 
express  companies  know  this,  and  that  is  why  they  are 
moving,  not  heaven,  but  the  opposite  place,  and  earth 
to  prevent  any  action  by  Congress.  Well,  this  is  one 
of  the  things  we  must  dig  out  ourselves.  Get  at  them 
cheerfully  and  dig  deep.  Make  them  realize  what 
we  want. 


THE  RURAL  IT  EC  W -YORKER 

We  have  some  good  friends  among  the  nurserymen 
who  say  it  is  not  fair  to  print  such  an  article  as  ap¬ 
pears  on  page  1211.  We  would  like  to  know  why  not. 
We  know  the  author  of  this  article  and  can  vouch 
for  him.  We  also  know  the  nurserymen  to  be  hon¬ 
orable  men.  If  this  were  a  rare  experience  it  cer¬ 
tainty  would  not  be  fair  to  suggest  that  such  mistakes 
are  common  in  the  nursery  business.  But  this  is  not 
a  rare  experience.  Both  fruit  growers  and  nursery¬ 
men  realize  only  too  well  how  frequently  those  “mis¬ 
fits”  are  found  when  trees  come  to  bearing.  We  know 
a  man  who  depended  on  a  good-sized  orchard  for 
support.  It  comes  into  bearing  a  mongrel  collection 
of  worthless  fruit,  while  he  paid  good  prices  for  stan¬ 
dard  varieties.  All  this  being  so,  in  common  fairness 
the  growers  and  nurserymen  should  get  together 
on  some  plan  for  settling  these  disastrous  blunders. 
We  have  no  wish  to  beat  down  the  price  of  a  good 
tree — in  fact,  we  urge  our  readers  to  pay  full  value 
for  good  stock.  We  shall  plant  about  500  trees  in 
our  own  orchard  next  Spring,  and  we  will  gladly 
pay  twice  the  usual  price  to  any  one  who  will  give  a 
guarantee,  say  with  some  good  insurance  company, 
that  such  trees  will  prove  sound  and  true  to  name. 
We  believe  orders  for  50,000  such  trees  can  be  se¬ 
cured  in  a  short  time.  Now  are  there  any  nurserymen 
who  will  guarantee  such  insurance? 


Our  Christmas  thought  this  year  is  that,  on  the 
whole,  the  outlook  for  farmers  and  common  people 
generally  is  more  hopeful  than  for  years  past.  This 
is  not  because  of  the  country’s  great  material  wealth 
and  power,  but  because  many  popular  idols  and  ideas 
are  being  destroyed.  Those  of  us  who  have  lived  to 
middle  life  can  well  remember  what  was  held  up  to 
us  from  pulpit,  press,  platform  and  by  the  fireside  as 
examples  of  realty  great  and  successful  manhood.  It 
was  an  age  of  “get  there.”  The  man  who  was  sharp 
and  shrewd  enough  to  get  some  private  advantage  or 
some  public  privilege  and  thus  accumulate  money  was 
the  ideal  character — held  lip  before  us  as  boys.  Go 
back  and  read  the  books — the  histories  and  bio¬ 
graphies  of  that  time.  Rarely  did  one  find  a  real 
analysis  of  character  with  the  faults  and  failings  as 
shade  to  bring  out  more  brilliantly  the  true  or  noble 
qualities.  Those  who  made  public  opinion  for  40 
years  after  the  Civil  War  made  it  like  a  painting — 
whenever  it  was  turned  for  real  examination  the 
back  was  found  dusty  and  hideous.  There  is  great 
hope  now  for  the  future  in  the  fact  that  the  age  of 
one-sided  glorification  has  gone  by.  People  now  see 
where  this  has  led  them.  The  false  theory  of  making 
wealth  the  standard  of  greatness — with  no  analysis  of 
the  methods  employed  to  accumulate  that  wealth- 
lias  led  our  people  close  to  the  collar  of  industrial 
slavery.  We  believe  they  have  stopped  in  time  and 
that,  with  a  clearer  vision  and  more  independent 
purpose,  they  will  yet  control  this  government  ps  they 
should.  As  Christmas  comes  once  more  we  see  evi¬ 
dence  of  this  everywhere.  That  is  why  our  Christinas 
greeting  is  one  of  good  cheer  to  all  who  hope  for  that 
coming  day  when  the  common  people  will  come  to 
their  own. 


A  few  weeks  ago  we  referred  to  an  address  which 
Prof.  Holden  of  Iowa  delivered  before  the  “bankers, 
brewers  and  railroad  men”  in  this  city.  Prof.  Hol¬ 
den’s  plan  for  reducing  the  high  cost  of  living  was 
for  the  farmers  to  grow  twice  as  much  corn  as  they 
do  now.  We  presume  his  argument  includes  all 
other  forms  of  food.  We  are  now  waiting  patiently 
for  some  other  gentleman  prominent  in  agricultural 
science  to  go  before  this  same  gathering  and  talk  on 
the  high  price  of  living.  We  want  to  have  him  say 
something  like  this: 

“I  have  proved  that  ou  the  average  the  producer  gets 
35  cents  of  the  consumer’s  dollar.  My  plan  to  remedy 
this  is  in  principle  the  same  as  you  advocate  for  farmers. 
This  is  to  create  competition  in  transportation  and  money 
loans.  I  suggest  that  you  railroad  men  double  your  tracks 
and  cheerfully  permit  rival  lines  to  parallel  your  roads. 
This  would  cut  transportation  rates  in  two.  I  suggest 
that  you  bankers  advocate  doubling  the  currency  now  in 
circulation  and  accept  farm  lands  as  security.  As  you 
are  highly  in  favor  of  applying  this  principle  to  the  pro¬ 
duction  of  corn  you  will  naturally  agree  with  me  that 
this  is  an  ideal  plan !” 

Now  we  would  like  to  have  something  like  that  put 
up  to  the  bankers  and  railroad  men  by  some  of  our 
largest  agricultural  scientists!  In  truth,  we  do  not 
expect  it  this  year,  or  next,  and  yet  it  must  be  said 
some  day  and  well  talked  in.  It  has  been  our  priv¬ 
ilege  to  start  a  few  little  things  which  have  grown 
into  public  habits.  We  will  start  another.  Let  us 
induce  our  agricultural  teachers  to  talk  “35-cent  dol¬ 
lar”  to  the  gentlemen  who  get  the  65  cents! 


December  23, 

The  experiment  of  auctioning  butter,  eggs  and 
poultry,  tried  at  New-  York  this  week,  was  not  a 
striking  success.  Weather  was  unfavorable,  fog  de¬ 
layed  some  of  the  goods  that  were  expected,  and  buy¬ 
ers  were  not  numerous  or  enthusiastic.  More  inter¬ 
est  may  develop  later.  One  thing  that  seemed  a 
serious  drawback,  however,  was  that,  as  announced 
at  the  first  sale,  lots  sold  were  made  large  enough  to 
“protect  the  jobber.”  Live  poultry  was  sold  in  lots 
of  10  coops ;  dressed  poultry  in  boxes  in  lots  of  25 
packages,  in  barrels,  10  packages,  and  eggs  and  butter 
in  25  package  lots.  This  effectually  cuts  out  the  re¬ 
tailer  who  cannot  handle  10  barrels  of  poultry  or  25 
cases  of  eggs  at  once.  Those  at  the  auction  were  evi¬ 
dently  looking  for  bargains.  If  they  were  to  pay  the 
full  market  price  they  preferred  to  go  to  the  regular 
dealers,  with  many  of  whom  they  had  lines  of  credit, 
while  the  auction  sells  only  for  cash.  The  case  is 
different  with  the  fruit  auctions  of  oranges,  grapes, 
etc.  The  best  fruit  is  sold  in  this  way  and  buyers 
know  that  they  must  go  there  and  pay  the  market 
price  to  get  it.  There  is  a  good  field  for  an  auction 
in  dairy  and  poultry  products  open  to  the  retailer,  but 
the  public  is  getting  very  weary  of  this  talk  about 
“protecting  the  jobber.” 

* 

The  national  administration  under  President  Taft 
may  fairly  be  criticized  for  some  of  its  acts.  On  the 
other  hand  it  deserves  great  praise  for  its  conduct  of 
the  Post  Office  Department.  In  1909  there  was  a 
deficit  of  $17,479,770  in  the  postal  service.  In  two 
years  this  deficit  has  been  wiped  out  and  changed  to  a 
surplus.  For  the  year  ending  June  30,  1911,  the 
revenues  were  $237,879,823  and  the  expenditures  $237,- 
660,705.  Of  even  greater  importance  is  the  Govern¬ 
ment’s  fine  work  in  shutting  frauds  and  snides  away 
from  mail  privileges.  These  swindlers  offered  all  sorts 
of  fraudulent  stuff,  from  jack  knives  to  shares  in  gold 
mines  or  moonshine.  Uncle  Sam  threw  their  guff 
out  of  his  mail  bags.  There  have  been  529  indict¬ 
ments  and  184  convictions  already.  There  has  never 
before  been  anything  to  equal  this  work,  and  few  can 
appreciate  what  it  realty  means  to  the  people.  It  is 
brave-  work,  too,  for  it  means  a  great  army  of 
revengeful  and  powerful  scoundrels,  balked  of  their 
prey,  turning  against  the  Administration.  Postmaster- 
General  Hitchcock  recommends  a  trial  of  parcels  post 
on  rural  routes  and  in  towns  and  cities  with  mail 
carriers.  This  is  not  what  we  need,  but  it  is  a  start 
which  nothing  can  stop.  Senator  O’Gorman,  of  New 
York,  has  introduced  a  comprehensive  bill  for  parcels 
post,  a  synopsis  of  which  is  given  on  page  1219. 

* 

From  Texas,  Florida — wherever  the  land  boomers 
abound— we  get  letters  that  would  set  us  on  fire  if 
words  would  burn !  We  do  not  seem  to  be  very  popu¬ 
lar  with  these  gentlemen.  Their  crowning  argument 
is  that  we  are  jealous,  and  afraid  that  the  Eastern 
States  will  be  depopulated — therefore  we  urge  readers 
never  to  buy  land  until  they  have  seen  it  and  had  the 
opinion  of  some  cold-blooded  observer.  You  must 
guess  again,  gentlemen.  We  do  not  care  where  our 
people  live  provided  they  can  find  opportunity  and  a 
happy  home.  Start  in  Alaska  and  go  to  San  Diego, 
then  to  Key  West  and  to  Eastport,  Maine.  Within  the 
territory  thus  surrounded  there  is  hardly  a  county  in 
which  there  are  not  one  or  more  readers  of  The 
R.  N.-Y.  We  do  not  care  where  they  live  provided 
they  are  contented.  If  a  man  in  Newfoundland  wants 
to  move  to  Cuba,  knows  just  what  he  is  doing  and  is 
sure  he  can  better  himself  by  going,  we  would  advise 
him  to  go.  But  where  we  come  in  is  to  try  to  make 
him  know  these  things  before  he  starts.  The  chances 
are  that  any  man  of  middle  years  who  has  lived  and 
gained  a  competence  in  a  certain  community  will  be 
far  better  off  to  stay  right  where  he  is  unless  there 
are  extraordinary  conditions  to  send  him  away.  That 
is  what  we  stand  for.  The  land  boomers  want  such 
men  to  pull  up  stakes  and  rush  to  buy  their  land 
without  full  investigation.  We  shall  do  our  utmost  to 
block  any  such  nice  little  game  by  urging  our  people  to 
look  and  go  and  stamp  on  the  ground  before  they 
leap-  _ 

BREVITIES. 

High  living  leads  to  low  thinking. 

That  laundry  job — page  1214,  boats  farming  for  swedt 
at  least. 

Full  many  a  country  church  has  gone  to  smash  because 
the  farmers  could  not  deal  in  cash. 

The  Maine  State  Horticulturist  announces  that  the  esti¬ 
mated  apple  crop  of  that  State  for  1911  is  975,000  barrels, 
or  3,000,000  bushels. 

High  price  of  broom  corn  is  cutting  into  manufacturers’ 
profits.  Canadian  broom  makers  are  said  to  be  paying 
$240  per  ton  for  broom  corn. 

Think  of  this  for  middle  December  in  Quebec  Province: 
“We  have  had  a  little  snow  and  some  pretty  cold  weather, 
but  it  is  warm  again,  and  I  expect  to  do  a  little  plowing 
tomorrow  if  the  mercury  does  not  take  a  sudden  drop.” 


1011. 


T I  I  ZD  Ire  Iff  Ka  L,  NSW-YOKKEri 


lLiO' 


OTHER  PEOPLE’S  MONEY. 

In  his  paper  December  9  E.  G.  Lewis  pro¬ 
poses  a  new  plan  or  scheme  by  which  he 
says  all  the  losses  sustained  by  his  creditors 
will  be  made  good,  provided  they  come  into 
the  plan.  It  is  not  made  delinite  just  how 
this  is  to  be  effected,  but  it  seems  to  be 
intimated  that  it  is  to  come  through  mem¬ 
bership  in  the  new  Regents’  Corporation  and 
profits  on  its  business.  What  do  you  think 
about  it?  Do  you  think  he  is  sincere  in  it? 

New  York.  old  creditor. 

If  we  believed  Mr.  Lewis  sincere  in 
this  scheme  we  would  think  him  a 
raving  maniac.  Those  who  have  had 
dealings  with  him  have  no  reason  to  be¬ 
lieve  him  a  fool.  There  is  nothing  new 
in  this  scheme.  Mr.  Lewis  has  worked 
it  over  and  over  again.  It  has  been  part 
of  the  stock  in  trade  of  swindlers  for 
two  centuries.  It  involves  the  principle 
that  you  are  to  get  something  for  noth¬ 
ing,  and  the  deduction  that  Mr.  Lewis 
has  a  magic  for  creating  wealth,  which, 
in  view  of  his  record,  requires  a  depth 
of  imagination  we  do  not  possess.  Like 
all  get-something-for-nothing  schemes, 
you  have  nevertheless  to  put  up  cash  or 
property  first  In  this  case  we  have  a 
mixture  of  business,  philanthropy,  senti¬ 
ment  and  fake.  Let  us  look  at  it. 

An  assumption  of  sincerity  and  sanity 
would  lead  us  to  look  for  a  financial 
statement.  We  don’t  find  it  in  this  pros¬ 
pectus.  These  concerns  are  all  bank¬ 
rupt — in  the  hands  of  receivers.  Mil¬ 
lions  of  dollars  in  stock  and  mortgages, 
and  notes  and  bonds  and  certificates  and 
debentures  have  been  issued.  Nobody 
knows  the  total  amount.  Expert  ac¬ 
countants  were  on  the  books  for  months, 
and  abandoned  the  task.  The  Lewis 
attorney  told  the  court  it  was  impossi¬ 
ble  to  tell  the  obligations  of  the  Lewis 
concerns.  We  take  it  from  this  that  he 
does  not  know  himself.  But  it  is  esti¬ 
mated  that  the  obligations  alj  told  would 
exceed  $8,000,000.  This  has  been  as¬ 
serted,  and  we  have  not  seen  that  it 
was  denied.  Would  any  sane  and  sin¬ 
cere  man  ask  his  friend  to  put  ineney 
into  a  new  concern  that  was  to  start  off 
with  such  a  burden  of  assumed  debts 
without  even  finding  out  what  the  ac¬ 
tual  amount  of  that  debt  was? 

Now  suppose  the  people  know  the 
amount  of  the  obligations  and  were 
willing  to  undertake  it.  Suppose  it 
proved  an  exception  to  the  Lewis  en¬ 
terprises  and  succeeded,  how  would  it 
work  out?  How  long  would  you  exnect 
it  would  take  to  make  a  profit  of  $8,- 
000,000?  In  the  meantime,  how  about 
the  different  interests?  In  the  first 
place,  if  we  understand  4r.  Lewis, 
the  Regents’  Corporation  is  a  sort  of 
trusteeship,  immune  to  courts  and  exe¬ 
cution  proof.  If  this  is  so,  how  anyone 
can  secure  legal  interest  in  it,  or  main¬ 
tain  a  legal  claim  against  it  is  more 
than  we  can  understand.  Aside  from 
this,  some  get  their  membership  in  it 
for  $100;  others  for  $50.  Some  are  to 
surrender  secured  claims  or  bank  secur¬ 
ities  having  some  cash  value ;  others  sur¬ 
render  Lewis  papers  which  are  entirely 
worthless.  The  only  requirement  is 
that  each  and  all  put  in  papers  repre¬ 
senting  value  or  cash,  or  both,  and  by 
some  magic  to  be  exercised  in  the  fu¬ 
ture  all  are  to  pull  out  millions.  You 
are  not  told  how  long  you  must  wait  or 
how  much  you  are  to  put  in.  Y ou  must 
give  Mr.  Lewis  loyal  support.  That  may 
be  interpreted  to  mean  that  you  put  up 
all  he  asks  in  cash,  and  as  often  as  he 
asks  it.  If  you  put  up  some  and  refuse 
more,  will  Mr.  Lewis  call  that  loyal 
support? 

We  have  been  discussing  the  propo¬ 
sition  on  the  assumption  of  success; 
now  let  us  look  at  the  prospects  of  fail¬ 
ure.  Mr.  Lewis  has  organized  a  little 
less  than  100  concerns  and  schemes, 
probably  60  at  least.  It  is  estimated 
that  the  people  sent  him  $8,000,000  for 
investment  in  them,  it  may  be  more  or 
less.  They  have  all,  except  this  new 
one,  been  complete  failures.  Scarcely 
a  month  goes  by  without  a  new  scheme 
or  a  change  of  the  old  plan.  Successful 
business  is  not  built  up  on  changing 
plans  of  visionary  schemes.  These  in¬ 
vestors  have  always  been  promised  an 
accounting.  They  have  never  had  it. 
The  testimony  is  that  the  books  are 
garbled,  thei  accounts  confused,  the  en¬ 
tries  mixed,  and  all  in  such  a  jumble 
that  it  is  impossible  to  separate  the  ac¬ 
count  of  one  concern  from  another,  and 
no  one  can  tell  from  them  what  the 
assets  and  liabilities  are.  A  successful 
business  cannot  be  established  on  such 
lines,  however  successful  it  may  be  in 
confusing  creditors  and  courts.  With 
this  record  of  confusion  and  failure 
Mr.  Lewis  proposes  to  take  up  a  new 
enterprise  on  other  people’s  money.  He 
says  he  has  none  of  his  own.  He  pro¬ 
poses  to  take  up  the  _  enterprises  in 
which  he  has  already  failed.  When  he 
discontinued  his  magazines  he  admitted 
that  they  had  been  losing  money  for  two 


or  three  years;  and  gave  as  a  reason 
that  he  could  not  compete  with  other 
publishers.  He  gave  it  as  his  opinion 
that  not  more  than  a  half  dozen  mag¬ 
azines  in  the  whole  country  were  oper¬ 
ated  at  a  profit.  Now  he  wants  to  try 
the  venture  again  with  your  money. 
He  has  intimated,  too,  that  he  could  buy 
the  land  at  University  Heights  and 
make  a  profit  on  it.  He  tried  that  be¬ 
fore,  too,  and  failed,  as  all  schemes  on 
the  same  basis  must  fail  and  ever  do 
fail  ultimately.  When  the  receivers  sell 
that  land  the  mortgages  must  be  paid. 
If  there  is  anything  left,  which  is  doubt¬ 
ful,  the  other  creditors  are  entitled  to 
it.  These  creditors  are  entitled  to  every 
cent  it  is  worth  and  will  bring.  It  will 
be  the  duty,  and  we  think  the  purpose, 
of  the  court  to  get  it  for  them.  As  long 
as  one  creditor  wants  his  cash,  he  has  a 
right  to  insist  that  he  get  a  proper  share 
of  the  assets.  So  that  to  get  it  Mr. 
Lewis  would  be  obliged  to  pay  more 
for  it  than  any  other  investor  would  be 
willing  to  pay.  He  would  probably  do 
that  if  the  creditors  supplied  the  cash; 
but  even  if  honestly  and  wisely  man¬ 
aged,  it  will  simply  be  a  new  specula¬ 
tion  and  just  as  likely  to  result  in  an¬ 
other  loss  as  in  any  gain  at  all,  with 
no  possible  chance  of  making  up  mil¬ 
lions  of  old  losses.  Few,  if  any,  suc¬ 
cessful  and  responsible  real  estate  op¬ 
erators  would  take  large  sums  of  money 
for  speculative  investments  and  guar¬ 
antee  safety  and  5%  annual  profits  on 
it.  To  invest  money  safely  and  make 
it  earn  5%  interest  is  no  easy  task.  Men 
of  broad  knowledge  and  experience 
often  fail  to  do  so,  and  any  honest  man 
who  has  tried  it  with  large  sums  will 
tell  you  how  utterly  hopeless  is  such  a 
task  as  Mr.  Lewis  proposes. 

So  far  we  have  assumed  sincerity  on 
the  part  of  the  promoters.  But  we  have 
the  record  of  Mr.  Lewis.  On  his  own 
sworn  testimony  he  took  about  $200,000 
out  of  women  and  children  on  a  lot¬ 
tery  scheme,  and  he  did  not  keep  his 
promise  with  the  people  who  sent  him 
money  for  the  old  U.  S.  bank.  He  rep¬ 
resented  that  the  publishing  company 
was  earning  a  quarter  of  a  million  year¬ 
ly.  The  inspector  who  examined  the 
books  say  it  never  earned  a  dollar  of 
profit  any  year.  The  records  show  that 
he  voted  land  to  himself  and  one  of 
his  associates  without  compensation 
other  than  indefinite  service.  He  in¬ 
duced  bank  stockholders  to  trade  bank 
stock  of  value  for  publishing  company 
stock  that  has  no  value.  He  sold  de¬ 
bentures  on  the  representation  that  they 
were  good  and  safe  security,  and  that 
$3,000,000  of  them  would  put  the  holders 
in  possession  of  property  worth  $9,000,- 
000. 

The  accountants  figure  that  the  de¬ 
bentures  are  worthless,  that  the  money 
received  for  them  was  not  used  as 
promised,  and  it  would  require  ten  to 
twelve  mi  ions  of  them  to  cover  tl.e  ob¬ 
ligations  and  purposes.  He  induced  peo¬ 
ple  to  send  him  money  for  Reader’s 
Pool  certificates  under  promises  that  the 
holders  of  the  certificates  would  become 
the  owners  of  land  free  and  clear,  then 
held  at  option,  and  make  great  profits 
from  it.  Accountants  say  the  land  was 
not  held  at  option,  and  when  bought  it 
was  mortgaged  for  about  the  full  pur¬ 
chase  price.  He  sold  country  people  se¬ 
cured  notes,  and  when  he  got  their 
money  he  sent  them  a  common  unse¬ 
cured  note  and  a  letter  which  only  in¬ 
creases  the  suspicion  of  fraud,  if  not 
absolutely  confirming  the  evidence  of  a 
swindle. 

Now  let  us  leave  Mr.  Lewis  out  of  it 
for  a  moment.  Suppose  some  slick 
schemer  that  we  have  known  in  the  past 
put  on  the  Lewis  shoes,  and  said  he 
wanted  to  work  his  “sucker  list”  all 
over  again.  Would  not  he  make  exactly 
the  same  plea  that  Mr.  Lewis  now 
makes  ?  He  would  tell  them  enemies  were 
responsible  for  their  loss.  Send  him 
some  more  money  and  he  would  credit 
in  the  old  securities  and  reorganize  so 
as  to  recover  their  first  loss.  He  would 
protect  those  who  stood  loyal,  and  aban¬ 
don  those  who  deserted  his  standards 
Ip  short,  would  he  not  work  the  con¬ 
fidence  game  to  the  limit  to  allure  the 
last  possible  dollar  from  his  gullible 
dupes?  We  can  give  you  the  records 
of  dozens  of  schemes  that  have  been 
worked  in  this  way. 

The  secured  notes  and  the  bank  se¬ 
curities  have  some  value.  Lewis  wants 
to  get  the  proceeds  of  them  into  his 
hands  as  he  did  when  the  old  bank  was 
closed  out.  Those  old  bank  stockhold¬ 
ers  might  have  demanded  cash  from  the 
receiver.  They  took  Lewis  stock  and 
now  have  nothing.  These  creditors  have 
the  same  privilege  now.  They  can  de¬ 
mand  cash  or  accept  promises  and  paper 
from  Lewis.  The  great  bulk  of  his  cer¬ 
tificates  and  notes  in  the  hands  of  cred¬ 


itors  are  worthless.  To  promise  r-y- 
thing  for  them  is  to  promise  someth. ng 
for  nothing,  but  the  condition  of  the 
promise  is  more  money.  If  your  dollar 
bill  burns  in  your  furnace  you  may  as 
well  try  to  get  it  back  by  throwing  an- 
oiber  in  after  it. 

It  is  p  national  scandal  that  such  a 
proposition  can  be  circulated  through 
the  mails.  Reforms,  however,  grow  out 
of  great  abuses,  and  we  believe  the 
Lewis  abuses  of  the  postal  facilities  will 
hasten  a  reform  to  prevent  the  robbbery 
of  inexperienced  people  through  the 
U.  S.  mails. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — Five  men  were  killed  and 
22  injured  by  the  collapse  without  warning 
of  a  three-story  concrete  building  being 
erected  for  the  Prestolite  Company  on 
Harmon  street,  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  December 
8.  Carpenters,  painters,  structural  iron 
workers  and  laborers  were  employed  on 
various  parts  of  the  structure  when  it  sud¬ 
denly  collapsed,  and  more  than  thirty  men 
weer  carried  down  with  the  debris. 

The  State  of  Ohio,  through  the  Attor¬ 
ney-General,  will  help  Judge  Edward  E. 
Corn  and  Prosecutor  S.  M.  Douglas  clean 
up  election  rottenness  in  Pike  county.  Ten 
Pike  county  citizens  were  indicted  Decem¬ 
ber  8  on  charges  of  bribery,  perjury,  in¬ 
timidation  and  other  violations  of  the  cor¬ 
rupt  practices  law  in  the  recent  election. 
Scores  if  not  hundreds  more  indictments 
are  expected.  Reports  from  Pike  county 
said  that  some  of  the  indicted  persons  had 
either  fled  from  the  county,  fearing  con¬ 
viction  and  a  penitentiary  sentence,  or  had 
been  spirited  away  by  others  who  wished 
to  prevent  confession. 

Damages  estimated  at  close  to  a  quarter 
of  a  million  dollars  resulted  from  a  fire 
December  10  which  practically  destroyed 
the  business  block  of  Miner.  Read  &  Tul- 
lock,  wholesale  grocers,  on  State  and  Water 
streets.  New  Haven,  Conn. 

President  Ernest  Napier  of  the  New 
Jersey  State  Fish  and  Game  Commission 
announced  December  8  that  arrangements 
had  been  completed  under  which  $30,000 
will  be  expended  in  further  stocking  the 
State  with  English  pheasants,  Hungarian 
partridges,  quail  and  deer.  An  order  has 
already  been  placed  for  6,000  English 
pheasants  and  1,000  Hungarian  partridges. 
Contrary  to  its  custom  in  the  past,  the 
commission  will  not  receive  the  birds  until 
next  March,  the  contract  stipulating  that 
at  that  time  none  but  strong,  healthy  birds 
shall  be  received.  The  commission  believes 
that  this  course  will  insure  better  results 
than  liberating  the  birds  earlier,  as  the 
mortality  occasioned  by  releasing  them  in 
the  Winter  or  buying  them  at  this  time 
and  holding  them  over  until  spring  has 
in  the  past  been  large. 

December  9  over  10O  miners  were  buried 
by  an  explosion  in  the  Cross  Mountain 
mine  at  Brieeville.  Tenn.  It  is  believed 
that  there  are  about  80  dead  :  20  bodies 
were  brought  out  the  day  after  the  ex¬ 
plosion,  but  rescue  was  found  very  difficult. 
It  is  believed  that  the  explosion  was  caused 
by  coal  dust.  Five  living  men  were  taken 
out  after  three  days’  entombment. 

FARM  AND  GARDEN. — Ten  million  dol¬ 
lars’  damage  has  already  been  done  in 
the  State  of  Pennsylvania  by  the  chestnut 
blight,  according  to  the  commission  ap¬ 
pointed  on  the  authority  of  the  Legislature 
by  Governor  Tener  to  eradicate  the  dis¬ 
ease.  In  addition  to  this  there  has  been 
damage  to  other  States  to  the  amount  of 
about  $15,000,000.  This  will  constitute 
but  a  small  part  of  the  loss  occasioned, 
according  to  a  statement  made  by  the 
commission  now,  if  the  blight  is  not 
checked,  as  the  chestnut  timber  in  Penn¬ 
sylvania  alone  is  valued  at  from  $60,000,- 
000  to  $70,000,000.  If  the  disease  is  not 
wiped  out  it  will  sweep  the  magnificent 
chestnut  forests  of  the  South.  The  annual 
chestnut  output  of  the  eastern  part  of  the 
United  States  is  worth  $22,000,000.  Penn¬ 
sylvania  has  appropriated  $275,000  to  de¬ 
fray  expenses  in  checking  and  wiping  out 
the  blight.  Thirty  trained  men  are  in  the 
field  in  this  State.  They  have  located  the 
advance  line  of  the  blight  and  are  super! 
vising  the  cutting  and  burning  of  diseased 
trees  and  locating  new  infections. 

The  Department  of  Agriculture  is  re¬ 
questing  quotations  on  approximately  1,- 
200,000  pounds  of  vegetable  and  50.000 
pounds  of  flower  seed  for  the  1912-1913 
Congressional  free  seed  distribution.  Bids 
will  he  opened  by  the  Board  of  Awards  at 
2  p.  m„  January  9.  1912.  Copies  of  speci¬ 
fications  can  be  obtained  from  the  office 
of  Seed  Distribution,  Bureau  of  Plant  In¬ 
dustry,  Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C. 

The  ninth  anunal  meeting  of  the  Ala¬ 
bama  State  Horticultural  Society  will  be 
held  at  Jasper,  Ala.,  January  25,  1912. 
Many  excellent  speakers  have  been  secured, 
and  papers  will  be  read  on  fruit  growing, 
pruning,  spraying,  harvesting  and  market¬ 
ing,  vegetable  growing  and  insects,  and 
practical  demonstrations  of  spraying  out¬ 
fits  and  in  pruning  and  setting  of  fruit 
trees. 

That  there  will  be  no  reduction  in  present 
prices  of  meat  in  this  country  is  declared 
by  John  W.  Springer,  long  president  of 
the  National  Uve  Stock  Association.  In 
his  speech  at  the  banquet  preceding  the 
opening  of  the  annual  convention  of  the 
American  National  Live  Stock  Association, 
December  12,  Springer  said  :  “The  stock- 
men  are  in  the  saddle.  The  last  census 
shows  that  in  the  last  decade  the  number 
of  cattle  in  the  United  States  has  decreased 
7  per  cent.  The  last  census  shows  also 
that  during  the  same  period  the  number 
of  American  meat  eaters  has  increased  21 
per  cent.  There  will  never  be  a  reduction 
in  the  price  of  meat.”  The  banquet  was 
given  in  honor  of  Murdo  Mackenzie,  the 
retiring  president  of  the  association,  who 
has  just  closed  out  all  his  vast  cattle 
interests  in  this  country  and  will  go  to 
Brazil  to  take  charge  of  a  9.000,000  acre 
stock  ranch. 

ADMINISTRATION. — Senator  La  Fol- 
lette  introduced  in  the  Senate  December 
7  a  hill  providing  for  the  improvement  of 
the  public  range  by  the  regulation  of  graz- 


i"~.  T':h  conservation  measure  has  tbs 
approval  of  the  National  Conservation  As¬ 
sociation.  of  which  (.ifford  Pinchot  is  pres¬ 
ident.  It  affects  an  area  of  over  three 
hundred  million  acres,  or  about  one-sixth 
of  the  United  States.  The  bill  provides 
for  the  division  of  the  public  range  into 
grazing  districts  to  be  fixed  through  proc¬ 
lamation  by  the  President,  worn  out  areas 
are  to  be  reseeded  and  poisonous  plants 
eradicated.  Wolves,  mountain  lions  and 
other  wild  animals  which  prey  upon  live 
stock  are  to  be  exterminated,  as  well  as 
destructive  rodents  like  the  prairie  dogs 
which  render  useless  in  the  aggregate  vast 
areas  of  grazing  land.  The  bill  authorizes 
the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  to  regulate 
the  number  of  stock  grazed  within  each 
district  and  sets  a  minimum  yearly  fee  of 
four  cents  an  acre  for  the  first  ten  years. 
A  committee  representative  of  the  stock- 
men  in  each  district  is  to  be  appointed  by 
the  stockmen  themselves.  This  committee 
will  rule,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the 
Secretary  of  Agriculture,  on  all  important 
questions  immediately  affecting  the  use  of 
the  range  in  the  district.  The  bill  in  no 
way  retards  or  prevents  settlement  within 
the  grazing  districts  by  homesteaders  or 
any  other  occupancy  and  use  under  the 
public  land  laws  and  contains  a  specific 
clause  to  that  effect.  It  also  expressly 
provides  that  all  water  on  the  lands  af¬ 
fected  by  the  bill  already  subject  to  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  United  States  mav  be 
used  as  heretofore  for  domestic,  mining, 
milling  and  irrigation  purposes.  Twenty- 
five  per  cent  of  the  proceeds  from  grazing 
fees  will  go  to  the  States  in  which  the 
grazing  districts  are  situated.  These  re¬ 
ceipts  to  be  used  for  schools  and  roads  and 
for  the  advancement  of  agricultural  educa¬ 
tion  as  the  State  Legislature  may  pre¬ 
scribe. 

The  Senate  December  11  considered  its 
first  bill.  The  measure  had  been  reported 
from  the  Committee  on  Education  and 
Labor  by  Senator  Borah  and  provides  for 
the  establishment  of  a  children’s  bureau 
under  the  Department  of  Commerce  and 
Labor.  Senator  Heyburn  made  a  violent 
attack  on  the  hill.  He  asserted  that  it 
was  not  the  duty  of  Congress  to  look 
after  the  rearing  of  children.  Such  matters 
he  said  are  within  the  power  and  the  duty 
of  the  States.  After  some  discussion  the 
hill  was  laid  aside  for  the  time  being  at 
the  request  of  Senator  Borah. 

The  Sherwood  dollar  a  day  pension  ser¬ 
vice  bill,  which  will  add  about  $75,009,000 
a  year  to  the  annual  expenses  of  the  Gov¬ 
ernment  if  it  becomes  a  law,  was  passed 
December  12  by  the  Democratic  House  of 
Representatives.  The  final  vote  on  the 
measure  was  229  to  92,  eight  of  those  reg¬ 
istered  in  the  negative  being  Republicans. 
Sneaker  Clark  voted  for  the  bill.  Char-man 
Fitzgerald  of  the  Appropriations  Commit¬ 
tee  and  Chairman  Underwood  of  the  Ways 
and  Means  Committee  against  it. 

Senator  James  A.  O’Gorman  of  New 
York  introduced  in  the  Senate  December 
11  a  general  parcels  post  bill.  The  bill 
fixes  a  rate  on  letters  or  sealed  parcels 
carried  in  localities  having  free  delivery 
service  at  two  cents  on  all  parcels  weigh¬ 
ing  up  to  four  ounces  and  one  cent  on  each 
additional  two  ounces.  In  non-free  deliv¬ 
ery  localities  the  rate  is  fixed  at  one  cent 
for  each  two  ounces.  Matter  on  rural 
routes  is  put  in  a  class  by  itself  and  the 
following  rates  applied  :  On  parcels  up  to 
one- twenty- fourth  of  a  cubic  foot  or '  one 
by  six  by  12  inches  in  dimensions  and  11 
pounds  in  weight,  five  cents ;  larger  par¬ 
cels  up  to  one  cubic  foot,  six  by  12  bv  24 
inches  in  dimensions,  up  to  25  pounds 
weight.  10  cents.  The  bill  provides  that 
no  parcel  over  six  feet  long  or  weighing 
over  500  pounds  shall  be  carried  on  a 
rural  route;  that  on  registered  matter, 
where  no  declaration  of  value  is  made,  an 
indemnity  shall  be  paid  up  to  $10  on  proof 
of  loss  and  value,  and  that  a  certificate  may 
be  issued  on  demand,  showing  that  the 
package  was  properly  posted.  Where  value 
is  declared  the  Government  shall  be  liable 
for  the  full  value  loss.  The  following 
registry  fees  are  provided;  On  a  valuation 
of  $50  a  fee  of  10  cents  and  on  each  addi¬ 
tional  $50  worth  of  value  a  fee  of  two 
cents.  Claims  for  reparation  must  ,bie 
submitted  within  one  year  from  the  date 
of  loss. 


“TTion  Livino.” — Here  we  have  a  very 
prosaic  subject  done  up  in  rhyme : 

“A  stately  squash  grew  on  a  vine  that 
hung  upon  a  fence,  and  it  was  large  and 
smooth  and  fine,  and  sold  for  seven  cents. 
The  buyer  put  it  in  a  crate  and  shipped  it 
off  to  town  ;  the  railway  charged  10  rents 
for  freight,  and  got  the  money  down.  Then 
divers  kinds  of  middlemen  passed  that  old 
squash  along,  and  each  one  got  a  rake-off 
then,  in  which  they  saw  no  wrong.  The 
jobber  to  the  grocer  sold  that  squash  one 
Autumn  day,  and  it  was  scarred  and 
bruised  and  old,  and  tending  to  decay.  The 
farmer  man  who  raised  that  squash  to  town 
came  on  his  wh"rl ;  at  dinner  time  he 
said :  ‘B’gosh,  i  11  have  a  good  square 
meal.’  So  to  a  restaurant  he  sped,  and 
ate  some  squash  on  ice.  and  then  he  stood 
upon  his  head  when  he  was  told  the  price. 
‘Your  price  on  squashes  makes  me  hot !’  he 
cried ;  ‘your  game  is  bunk !  I’d  sell  a 
wagonload  for  what  you  charged  me  for 
that  chunk  !’  Our  eyes  with  teardrops  are 
awash,  we’re  viewing  with  alarm ;  for  when 
we  go  to  buy  a  squash  we  have  to  buy  a 
farm.” — Walt  Mason. 


Local  prices  paid  last  week  for  various 
farm  products  are  as  follows  :  Potatoes,  70 
cents ;  eggs,  36  cents ;  veals  in  demand, 
hog-dressed  10%  to  11  cents;  Spring 
chickens  alive  nine  cents,  dressed,  12 
cents ;  fowls,  alive,  eight  cents ;  dressed. 
10  cents ;  turkeys  dressed  19  cents ;  ducks 
16  cents ;  pork,  dressed,  eight  cents ; 
heavy,  7%  cents;  veals  alive,  seven  cents; 
wheat.  $1  ;  oats,  50  cents ;  choice  Timothy 
hay,  $18  to  $20  at  barn.  As  to  auction 
prices  of  farm  produce  I  cannot  at  this 
time  give  you  definite  information,  owing 
to  my  having  been  away  for  a  time.  I 
would  say,  however,  that  I  have  never 
known  of  a  single  instance  in  this  locality 
or  vicinity  where  silage  has  been  offered 
for  sale,  either  public  or  private.  Manure 
usually  sells  for  an  average  price  of  $1  to 
$1.50  per  load,  if  good.  There  is  consider¬ 
able  demand  for  beef  and  bologna  cows. 
Good  beef  cows  bring  five  t.o  six  cents ; 
steers,  7%  to  eight  cents;  hoifers,  six  to 
6%  cents.  Good  dairy  cows,  fresh,  $50  to 
$60  ;  strippers.  $25  to  $30.  r.  s. 

Burlington,  Pa. 


1220 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

A  CHRISTMAS  CAROL. 

There  was  a  Star,  whose  light 
Mystical  and  holy, 

Shone  through  the  quiet  night 
O’er  a  stable  lowly. 

Sing  praise  to  God  on  high  ! 

And  rejoice  that  He 

Thus  should  beautify 
Humble  poverty. 

A  Merrie  Christmas,  Gentlefolk ! 

And  may  your  wealth  and  pride 

Be  mindful  of  the  humble  ones 
This  blessed  Christmastide. 

There  was  a  Little  Child, 

Innocent  and  holy, 

Born  of  the  Virgin  mild 
In  that  stable  lowly. 

Sing  praise  to  God,  who  gave 
Unto  you  and  me 

Such  Gift  our  souls  to  save ! 

O !  the  Charity  ! 

A  Merrie  Christmas,  Gentlefolk ! 

And  may  your  wealth  and  pride 

Be  mindful  of  the  humble  ones 
This  blessed  Christmastide. 

— T.  A.  Daly,  in  the  Catholic  Standard  and 
Times. 

* 

The  Pure  Food  Board  of  the  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture  is  trying  to  put 
a  safeguard  around  our  holiday  diet  by 
standardizing  commercial  mincemeat. 
The  following  draft  has  been  sent  out 
to  State  food  commissioners,  asking 
for  suggestions : 

After  due  consideration  of  all  evidence 
the  board,  while  realizing  the  difficulty  of 
fixing  an  arbitrary  standard  or  definition 
for  such  a  product  as  mince  meat,  is  of  the 
opinion  that  the  evidence  shows  conclu¬ 
sively  that  the  standard  recommended  ny 
the  Association  of  Official  Agricultural 
Chemists  and  adopted  by  the  Association 
of  State  and  National  Food  and  Dairy  De¬ 
partments  in  August.  1908,  is  a  fair  and 
reasonable  one  and  in  accordance  with  the 
facts,  such  as  will  guarantee  to  the  con¬ 
sumer  a  product  of  good  quality  and  sub¬ 
stantial  value.  This  definition  is  as  fol¬ 
lows  : 

“Mince,  mince  meat  is  a  mixture  of  not 
less  than  ten  ( 10  >  per  cent  of  cooked,  com¬ 
minuted  meat,  with  chopped  suet,  apple 
and  other  fruit,  salt  and  spices,  and  with 
sugar,  syrup  or  molasses  and  witli  or  with¬ 
out  vinegar,  fresh,  concentrated,  or  fer¬ 
mented  fruit  juices  or  spirituous  liquors.” 

The  question  of  the  use  of  glucose  and 
starch  in  mince  meat  has  been  considered 
and  the  'board  is  of  the  opinion  that  these 
are  not  normally  ingredients  of  mince 
meat,  and  therefore,  their  presence 
should  be  plainly  indicated  on  the  label. 

It  seems  needless  to  add  that  family 
mincemeat  is  exempt  from  the  require¬ 
ments  of  the  Food  Board. 

* 

Once  upon  a  time!  That  is  the  way 
the  old-fashioned  stories  used  to  begin, 
and  many  of  us  can  never  forget  the 
wonders  of  our  childish  fancy — the 
myths  and  folklore  that  formed  our 
first  introduction  to  literature.  Unfor¬ 
tunately  there  are  many  good  and  care¬ 
ful  people  who  seem  to  fear  the  devel¬ 
opment  of  imagination  in  children — 
they  are  like  Mr.  Gradgrind,  who  want¬ 
ed  nothing  but  facts — and  the  thought 
of  telling  storids  to  the  children  is 
sternly  put  aside  as  unprofitable.  On 
the  other  hand,  many  of  the  really 
scientific  educators  have  so  far  recog¬ 
nized  the  value  of  telling  stories  to 
children  that  it  is  frequently  a  part  of 
their  training,  and  we  find  story-tellers 
engaged  for  that  purpose  in  public 
libraries.  This  seems  a  scientific  vindi¬ 
cation  of  old-fashioned  motherhood. 
We  do  not  believe  in  tacking  a  moral 
on  every  childish  pleasure,  like  an  in¬ 
evitable  pill  in  a  spoonful  of  jam,  but 
we  believe  that  many  a  child  uncon¬ 
sciously  learns  to  look  for  the  good  be¬ 
neath  an  unlovely  exterior  from  Beauty 
and  the  Beast,  or  of  the  changes  of  for¬ 
tune  from  Cinderella,  and  the  fantasies 
of  old  folklore  surely  develop  character 
and  widen  the  sensibilities.  The  lack  of 
early  acquaintance  with  folklore  and 
myth  is  often  felt  in  high  school  and 
college,  where  many  literary  allusions 
fall  on  deaf  ears,  or  cause  much  toil¬ 
some  study  before  their  meaning  is  clear. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


December  23, 


Let  us  have  practical  education,  by  all 
means,  with  an  effort  towards  voca¬ 
tional  training;  but  remember  that  the 
vacant  spot  from  which  we  remove 
flowers  may  easily  fill  up  with  weeds, 
and  the  mind  from  which  all  the  flowers 
of  imagination  are  removed  may  in 
turn  be  occupied  by  weeds  that  are  both 
ugly  and  dangerous. 

* 

W  henever  we  hear  some  chronic 
pessimist  talk  about  the  selfishness,  cu¬ 
pidity  and  lack  of  human  feeling  that 
marks  the  commercialized  side  of  Christ¬ 
mas  we  like  to  remember  that  is  one 
side  only,  and  a  side  that  accompanies 
every  sort  of  seasonal  occupation  that 
is  exploited  for  purely  business  pur¬ 
poses.  Just  as  the  person  who  makes  a 
selfish  gift  as  bait  to  catch  something  in 
return  will  display  the  same  spirit  in 
every  effort  of  social  life,  so  the  em¬ 
ployer  who  grinds  the  faces  of  the  poor 
does  so  at  every  opportunity,  and  not 
at  Christmas  alone.  On  the  other  hand, 
we  see  every  year  a  greater  effort,  on 
the  part  of  many  thoughtful  men  and 
women,  to  spread  the  doctrine  of  peace 
and  good  will  all  the  year  round,  in¬ 
stead  of  merely  at  the  one  season.  Par¬ 
ents  may  show  special  indulgence  to 
their  own  children  at  Christmas,  but 
public  sentiment  is  teaching  us  our  duty 
to  all  children,  as  reflected  in  legislation 
for  their  care  and  protection.  We  are 
very  far  from  the  millennium,  but 
surely  the  world  is  groping  towards  the 
light.  If  the  Christmas  spirit  seems 
lacking  in  your  neighbor,  you  can  at 
least  try  to  make  up  his  deficiency  your¬ 
self.  And  don’t  be  afraid  that  people 
will  think  you  “gushing”  if  you  show  a 
little  sentiment  and  affection.  A  good 
many  highly  intellectual  people  say  that 
Charles  Dickens,  whom  we  may  well  call 
the  great  Christmas  author,  was  not  really 
a  finished  literary  artist;  that  he  exag¬ 
gerated  his  characters  and  deluged  them 
with  sentiment.  Perhaps  he  did,  but 
now,  when  we  are  approaching  the  cen¬ 
tenary  of  his  birth,  his  books  remain 
permanent  sellers,  while  in  most  libraries 
his  stories  are  literally  read  to  pieces — 
not  by  the  prosperous  alone,  but  by  the 
poor,  the  unfortunate  and  the  unhappy 
— the  people  for  whom  his  writings 
show  love  and  sympathy.  We  go  to 
books  for  these  qualities  when  we  fail 
to  find  them  in  real  life.  Why  not  make 
a  good  book  truer  to  nature  by  making 
real  life  truer  to  a  good  book? 

Old-fashioned  Yeast  Wanted. 

Is  there  a  reader  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  who 
can  furnish  the  recipe  for  the  old-fash¬ 
ioned  neighborhood  “hop  yeast”  used  by 
our  mothers  and  grandmothers  30,  40 
and  50  years  ago?  By  “neighborhood” 
I  mean  that  when  by  some  mismanage¬ 
ment  on  the  part  of  the  housewife  her 
yeast  had  become  sour,  too  cold,  etc., 
she  would  get  another  “start”  from  a 
neighbor.  Hops  were  always  used  in 
making  the  yeast.  m.  s.  c. 

A  Coffee  Substitute. 

Why  is  it  that  nine-tenths  of  the  kind 
housewives  feel  that  they  must  serve 
coffee  though  the  heavens  fall  and  the 
commission  dealer  totes  fair?  Our  de¬ 
votion  to  the  brown  fragrant  cup  has 
become  a  part  of  our  religion.  What¬ 
ever  else  may  betide,  our  United  States 
people  must  help  out  Brazil  in  her  coffee 
trust.  Now,  coffee  is  delicious  and  sat¬ 
isfying,  but  it  has  other  qualities;  it  is 
a  mild  poison.  It  is  taxing  our  nerves, 
it  is  congesting  our  livers,  it  quickens 
the  heart,  it  causes  insomnia,  and  it  does 
hurt  to  every  stomach  it  enters.  If  we 
need  a  harmless  substitute  we  can  make 
it.  Mix  bran  with  molasses  very  thick, 
bake  and  grate  up.  This  should  be 
boiled  20  minutes.  j.  h. 


ThoUgh  all  the  winds  of  doctrine 
were  let  loose  to  play  upon  the  earth, 
so  truth  be  in  the  field,  we  do  inglor- 
iously,  by  licensing  and  prohibiting,  to 
misdoubt  her  strength.  Let  her  and 
falsehood  grapple ;  who  ever  knew  truth 
put  to  the  worse  in  a  free  and  ooen 
encounter  ? — Milton. 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  alzvays  give 
number  of  pattern  and  measurement  de¬ 
sired. 

The  small  pictures  show:  7115 — Man¬ 
nish  shirt  waist,  34  to  40  bust,  with  or 
without  yoke  on  back.  7107 — Tucked 
peasant  waist,  34  to  42  bust,  with 
straight  back  edges.  7028 — Girl’s  dress, 


eight,  10  and  12  years.  7123 — Two-piece 
skirt,  22  to  30  waist.  6980 — Seven-gored 
petticoat  with  habit  back,  22  to  32  waist. 
Price  of  each,  10  cents. 

A  very  attractive  one-piece  dress  is 
shown  in  No.  7198.  The  gown  is  made 
with  blouse  and  skirt.  The  blouse  is 
made  in  one  with  the  sleeves,  but  is 
seamed  at  the  center  back,  and  the  skirt 
is  made  in  four  gores.  The  front  and 
back  gores  form  panels  and  the  closing 


7198  Semi-Princesse  Gown. 
34  to  42  bust. 


is  made  invisibly  at  the  left  of  the  front. 
The  chemisette  is  adjusted  under  the 
gown  and  closed  at  the  back.  For  the 
medium  size  will  be  required  seven  yards 
of  material  27,  4%  yards  44  or  52  inches 
wide  with  %  yard  21  inches  wide  for 
collar  and  cuffs,  ^  yard  18  inches  wide 
for  chemisette,  the  width  of  the  skirt  at 
the  lower  edge  is  2J4  yards.  The  pat¬ 
tern  No.  7198  is  cut  in  sizes  for  a  34, 
36,  38,  40  and  42  inch  bust  measure. 
Price,  10  cents. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


FURNITURE 


FOR  ALL 


EOPLE 

ALL 

URPOSES 

ALL 

0CKET-B00KS 

AT 

FACTORY-COST 

Buy  that  Furniture  you 
have  wanted  bo  long  right 
now.  Don’t  think  for  a 
minute  you  can’t  afford  that 
chair,  bookcase,  couch  or 
bed.  Perhaps  you  can’t  afford  to  pay  the  price 
your  local  dealer  asks  you  to  pay:  but  have  you 
seen  our  prices?  Our  values  will  startle  you. 
Never  before  have  we  offered  such  a  complete, 
high  grade,  carefully  selected  line  of  furniture 
at  such  ridiculously  low  prices.  You  do  not  want 
to  mist  our  furniture  book  this  year.  It  will  be 
interesting  reading  for  you.  From  the  first  page 
to  the  last  it  is  all  the  same  story— highest  quality 
furniture  at  lowest  possible  prices. 

John  A.  Hall,  our  expert  furniture  buyer,  has 
selected  this  line  from  the  offerings  of  the  lead¬ 
ing  factories  of  this  country.  In  many  cases  he 
has  contracted  for  the  entire  output.  Thus  we 
have  obtained  prices  that  no  local  dealer  can  hope 
toduplicata  This  saving  is  yours— how  much  of 
a  saving  it  is,  a  comparison  of  prices  will  tell. 
And  just  a  word  about  the  assortment.  Every¬ 
thing  (absolutely  everything)  that  comes  within 
the  ordinary  furniture  needs  of  man,  is  here.  We 
have  grades  and  prices  that  will  suit  you,  no  mat¬ 
ter  what  your  tastes,  no  matter  how  large  or  how 
small  your  pocket-book.  Everything  is  new— up- 
to-date  and  stylish  in  design  and  finish.  Thema- 
terials  are  the  very  best,  and  we  show  you  a  vari¬ 
ety  ten  times  as  great  as  you  will  find  in  the 
average  retail  store. 

Let  us  send  you  the  furniture  book.  You  need 
it.  The  number  is  7. 

Here  is  a  complete  list  of  our  money-savers— we 
will  send  any  of  them  free  of  charge  on  request 
Put  numbers  of  the  books  you  want  on  the  coupon. 

28  Women’s  Tailored 
Suits 

29  Circular  and  Drag 
Saws 


1  Paints 

2  Pianos 

3  Organs 

4  Trunks 

5  Roofing 

6  Vehicles 

7  Furniture 

8  Incubators 

9  Wall  Paj>er 

10  Typewriters 

11  Grocery  List 

12  Feed  Cookers 

13  Tank  Heaters 

14  Wire  Fencing 

15  Carpets.  Rugs 

16  Building  Plans 


17  Baby  Carriages 

18  Men’s  Fur  Coats 

19  Sewing  Machines 

20  Gasoline  Engines 

21  Cream  Separators 

22  Building  Material 

23  Stoves  and  Ranges 

24  Underwear  Sam¬ 
ples 

25  Automobile  Sup¬ 
plies 

26  Bicycles  —  Motor¬ 

cycles 

27  Baby’s  Dress  and 
Toilet 


30  Women’s  Fashion 
Books 

31  Rain  Coats,  Rub¬ 
ber  Coats,  etc. 

32  Tombstones  and 

Monuments 

33  Men’s  Clothing 

34  Women's  Furs 
36  Dry  Goods 

36  Muslin  Wear 

37  Millinery 


Sign  and  Mail  Coupon  NOW! 


158  Montgomery  Ward  &  Co. 


I 


19th  and  Campbell  Sts. 
KANSAS  CITY 


Chicago  Avenue  Bridgo 
CHICAGO 


Please  send  to  my  address  below  books  Nos. 
absolutely  free  of  cost. 

Name . . . . . 

Post  Office. 


I  State . 

SEND  COUPON  TO  THE 


NEARER  ADDRESS 


Chicago  Office: 


43  years’  successful  operation 
Used  In  nearly  all  parts  of  the 
world.  We  make  a  complete  line 
of  Drilling  Machines  and  tools 
for  every  condition  of  earth 
and  rock  drilling  and  min¬ 
eral  prospecting.  Complete 
■catalogue  No.  120  showing  over 
40  styles  of  machines  free. 

THE  AMERICAN  WELL  WORKS 

General  Office  and  Works: 

Aurora,  Ill* 

First  National  Bank  Building. 


DRILLING 


WELL  MACHINES 


Over  70  sizes  and  styles,  for  drilling  either  deep  < 
•hallow  wells  in  any  kind  of  soil  or  rock.  Mounted  < 


i  or 
on 

wheels  or  on  sills,  with  engines  or  horse  powers.  Strong, 
•imple  and  durable.  Any  mechanic  can  operate  them 
sily.  Send  for  catalog. 


WILLIAMS  BROS..  Ithaca.  N.  Y. 


. 

5|  the  most  efficient  device 

■  ■  t  made  for  pumping  water  by  water. 
A  BUI  Raises  water  30  feet  for  each  foot 
*****  of  fall — no  trouble 
*or  pumping  expense..  Satis¬ 
faction  guaranteed.  ’ 

Booklet,  plans,  estimate,  FREE. 

RITE  ENGINE  CO. 

2429  Trinity  Bldg.,  N.  Y. 


FUMA 


(!■■■■■■  a  99,  hills  Prairie  Dogs, 
“  ™  Woodchucks,  Gophers, 

and  Grain  Insects. 
“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

Ew\th  “Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  ’Yrl  doing8 

EDWARD  R.  TAYLOR,  Penn  Yan,  N.  Y. 


LET  US  TAN 
YOUR  HIDE. 

Cattle  or  Horse  hide.  Calf,  Dog,  Deer, 
or  any  kind  of  skin  with  hair  or  fur  on. 
We  make  them  soft,  light,  odorless, 
wind,  moth  and  water  proof,  and  make 
them  into  coats  (for  men  or  women), 
robes,  rugs  oi-  gloves  when  so  ordered. 

Your  fur  goods  will  cost  you  less  than 
to  buy  them,  and  be  worth  more.  It 
will  certainly  pay  you  to  look  into  it. 

Our  illustrated  catalog  gives  a  lot  of 
information.  Tells  how  to  take  off  and 
care  for  hides ;  how  we  pay  the  freight 
both  ways  ;  about  our  marvelous  brush 
dyeing  process  which  is  a  tremendous 
advantage  to  the  customer,  especially 
on  horse  hides  and  calf  skins ;  about 
the  goods  we  sell,  taxidermy,  etc.,  but 
we  never  send  out  this  valuable  book 
except  upon  request.  If  you  want  a 
copy  send  in  your  correct  address. 

The  Crosby  Frisian  Fur  Company, 
571  Lyell  Ave.,  Rochester,  N.  ¥._ 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


1221 


Building  a  Dumb-Waiter. 

On  page  1100  T.  O.  inquires  about 
building  a  dumb  waiter.  Let  him  under¬ 
stand  that  a  dumb  waiter  is  a  box  hung 
on  a  balance  weight.  Build  shaft 
smooth  and  true,  closet  above.  If 
dumb  waiter  is  wanted  even  with  the 
floor  cut  out  the  bottom  of  shaft  eight 
inches  or  so  below  the  floor.  It  is  un¬ 
derstood  that  the  shaft  must  be  high 
enough  above  last  floor  to  permit  the 
waiter  to  rise  high  enough.  Put  in  a 
groove  on  opposite  side  of  shaft,  to 
keep  waiter  in  position.  Put  in  tim¬ 
bers  at  head  of  shaft  for  the  wheel  (any 
big  mail-order  house  has  them).  Put  an 
eye-bolt  in  top  of  waiter  to  attach  rope 
to;  take  up  and  over  wheel;  put  suffi¬ 
cient  weight  on  the  other  end  (in  the 
slide  box)  of  rope  to  balance  it;  a  sec¬ 
ond  block  (on  wheel)  on  timbers  for 
rope  to  pull  up  and  down,  and  it  is  all 
over.  Better  put  a  carpenter  on  the  job. 
Don’t  be  afraid  to  make  waiter  too 
strong.  Be  sure  to  allow  enough  rope 
on  balance,  so  that  when  waiter  is  on 
ground  balance  is  on  roof,  and  vice 
versa.  A  check  may  be  put  on  each 
floor  to  catch  and  hold,  or  on  dumb 
waiter;  cost  10  cents  each.  An  average 
size  for  a  dumb  waiter  is  28x24x44  in¬ 
side.  The  weight  box  must  be  smooth 
inside.  a.  r. 

T.  O.,  page  1100,  asks  for  a  dumb 
waiter  in  kitchen.  I  built  one  10  years 
ago,  and  it  has  been  used  every  day 
since.  Cut  a  hole  in  the  floor  the  size 
wanted;  mine  is  14x24  inches,  and  cup¬ 
board  four  feet  deep.  The  dimensions 
given  by  T.  O.,  20x42  and  five  feet  deep, 
would  seem  to  me  rather  cumbersome. 
Most  modern  houses  have  floor  timbers 
laid  16  inches  center  to  center,  giving  14 
inches  in  the  clear.  Build  cupboard  that 
will  slide  easily  through  the  hole,  with 
no  doors,  simply  the  back  and  sides, 
with  shelves.  Down  cellar  put  up  two 
ends  from  floor  to  cellar  bottom;  no 
back  is  necessary,  only  two  cleats  at 
back  and  front  to  keep  cupboard  in 
place  as  it  slides  up  and  down.  Put 
screen  doors  in  front  from  kitchen  floor 
down  to  bottom  of  cupboard,  when  cup¬ 
board  is  down  cellar.  No  doors  neces¬ 
sary  on  the  cupboard  or  waiter,  as  it  is 
never  up  in  the  kitchen  except  when  in 
use.  Hang  it  by  four  sash  pulleys  and 
enough  old  iron  to  balance  your  waiter. 
Nail  the  floor  boards  that  you  cut  out 
of  the  floor  to  top  of  waiter  and  put  a 
ring  in  center  to  lift  it  with.  c.  E.  c. 


Hulled  Corn  or  Hominy. 

Could  you  give  me  a  good  recipe  for 
making  hominy  with  lye  instead  of  wood 
ashes  ?  j.  E.  w. 

We  infer  that  hulled  corn  is  desired — 
it  is  sometimes  called  hominy;  indeed, 
the  definition  of  hominy  varies  greatly 
in  different  parts  of  the  country.  New 
England  taste  demands  a  well-ripened 
white  flint  corn  for  hulling,  other  sec¬ 
tions  prefer  yellow,  but  it  is  always  flint 
corn.  Babbitt’s  potash  is  used  to  re¬ 
move  the  hulls,  the  proportion  being  one 
full  pound  to  a  bushel  of  corn.  Of 
course,  when  preparing  corn  for  home 
use  the  same  proportion  would  be  ob¬ 
served  in  smaller  quantities.  An  iron 
kettle  half  filled  with  water  is  put  on 
the  stove,  the  potash  added  when  the 
water  warms,  and  the  corn  put  in  when 
it  comes  to  a  boil.  In  about  an  hour  the 
starch  will  come  out  of  the  corn,  thick¬ 
ening  the  lye.  The  corn  must  be  well 
stirred  from  the  bottom,  to  avoid  burn¬ 
ing,  and  the  kettle  kept  back  on  the 
stove,  so  the  corn  will  simmer  without 
boiling  hard.  After  the  first  hour  corn 
must  be  dipped  out  and  tested  in  cold 
water  to  see  if  the  hulls  slip.  If  left  in 
the  potash  too  long  it  becomes  dark  and 
sodden;  if  too  short,  it  cannot  be  cooked 
tender.  About  one  and  a  half  to  two 
hours  is  the  usual  time.  The  corn  is 
then  washed  in  clear  water.  When  made 
in  large  quantities  a  clean,  new  broom, 
with  about  six  inches  of  the  straw 
cut  off,  is  used  to  rub  off  the  hulls ;  a 
stiff  whisk  would  answer  the  same  pur¬ 
pose  with  small  quantities.  A  quantity 
of  water  will  be  used  during  this  scrub¬ 
bing,  the  hulls  being  poured  off  with  the 
water.  Put  the  corn  on  to  boil  in  clear 
water ;  when  it  reaches  the  boiling  point 
draw  it  back,  so  that  it  may  simmer.  It 
should  not  be  stirred,  as  this  makes  it 
mushy.  It  requires  long,  slow  simmer¬ 
ing;  when  sufficiently  cooked  it  may  be 
salted  to  taste  and  drained  in  a  colander. 
When  served  it  is  either  eaten  with  milk 
or  warmed  up  with  butter  in  a  frying 
pan  and  served  like  a  vegetable.  In  the 
Summer  hulled  corn  would  ferment  very 
quickly,  so  its  manufacture  takes  place 
only  after  hard  freezing  has  started  in 
the  Fall. 

Hulled  corn  may  also  be  prepared  as 
follows:  Wash  two  quarts  of  shelled 
corn  to  remove  loose  bits;  then  place  in 
a  large  iron  kettle  with  two  heaping 
tablespoons  of  saleratus,  cover  with  cold 


water,  let  come  to  a  boil  slowly,  and 
cook  about  an  hour.  Remove  the  kettle 
from  fire,  drain  off  the  water,  then 
pour  the  corn,  from  which  the  hulls  will 
already  be  loosened,  into  a  large  pan  of 
water.  Rub  the  corn  between  the  hands 
to  loosen  the  hulls ;  after  taking  off  all 
those  partly  loosened,  put  it  on  again  in 
warm  water,  let  boil  about  half  an  hour, 
then  try  to  remove  the  rest  of  the  hulls 
by  rubbing  as  before.  After  all  hulls 
are  removed,  wash  the  corn  in  at  least 
half  a  dozen  clear  waters,  then  put  on 
once  more  in  warm  water,  and  when  it 
boils  drain  and  add  fresh  water.  Let 
the  corn  cook  in  this  last  water  until 
tender,  salting  to  taste.  If  the  hulls  do 
not  come  off  readily,  let  the  corn  boil  an 
hour  longer,  adding  a  teaspoonful  more 
saleratus. 


Canning  Beef. 

Is  there  any  way  of  keeping  beef  fresh 
until  next  Spring  or  Summer  by  canning? 
What  kind  of  jars,  etc.?  Will  the  Mason 
jar  suit?  Also  how  to  corn  beef  and  how 
to  get  rid  of  the  bloody  scum  that  rises 
on  it.  j.  f. 

The  following  recipes  for  canning  beef 
were  given  us  by  housekeepers  who 
have  used  them  for  many  years  in  the 
Northern  States.  The  inquiry  comes 
from  Alabama,  and  if  Southern  readers 
can  add  further  advice  it  will  be  wel¬ 
come. 

Canning  Meat.— Half  cook  the  meat 
in  a  kettle,  cut  meat  from  the  bones. 
If  this  is  done  while  the  meat  is  hot, 
wring  out  a  cloth  from  cold  or  tepid 
water,  fold  in  several  thicknesses,  and 
set  under  the  glass  can,  letting  cloth 
come  up  about  an  inch  around  sides  of 
can,  and  it  will  not  break,  no  matter 
how  hot  the  meat  may  be.  If  you  spill 
more  broth  on  the  cloth  be  sure  to 
wring  out  extra  water  from  it,  for  if  the 
cloth  is  sopping  wet  the  can  will  break. 
Having  filled  can  with  meat,  pour  in  all 
the  broth  the  can  will  hold,  and  see  that 
it  is  salted  and  peppered  just  right  for 
the  table.  Screw  on  cover  without  rub¬ 
ber,  and  if  hot  put  in  kettle  partly  filled 
with  hot  water,  putting  a  tin  in  bottom 
of  kettle  to  set  cans  on.  Three  quarts 
can  be  put  in  common-sized  kettle. 
Cover  with  a  well-fitting  cover  that  will 
keep  in  the  steam,  and  keep  boiling  for 
two  hours.  Take  out  one  can  at  a  time, 
and  at  once  put  on  a  good  rubber.  If 
you  want  to  keep  the  meat  for  several 
months,  if  it  is  chicken,  veal  or  beef, 
have  hot  melted  beef  suet  and  fill  the 
cans  even  full.  If  you  only  care  to  keep 
the  meat  for  two  or  three  weeks  fill  up 
even  full  with  boiling  broth.  This  work 
must  be  done  with  dispatch,  not  letting 
the  contents  of  the  can  cool  in  the  least. 
Screw  on  the  cover  to  the  last  limit,  and 
if  your  covers  and  rubbers  are  not  de¬ 
fective  your  meat  will  keep  perfectly. 
In  canning  pork  there  i$  nearly  always 
sufficient  grease  to  broth;  if  not,  the  can 
may  be  filled  with  lar.d. 

Canning  Meat  in  Tins.— Trim  off  all 
surplus  tallow  from  meat,  and  either 
boil  or  roast  the  beef,  using  but  little  salt 
and  pepper,  preferably  none  at  all,  as 
these  will  attack  the  tin;  meat  can  be 
spiced,  etc.,  when  removed  from  can  to 
serve.  When  cooked  remove  from  liquid 
and  trim  off  from  bones.  If  liquid  is 
too  greasy,  let  it  get  cold  and  then  re¬ 
move  tallow.  While  again  heating  liquid 
and  meat  boiling  hot  get  the  cans  and 
covers  ready,  the  covers  to  be  pierced 
by  an  awl  in  the  center.  Use  the  friction 
top  tin  can  only,  for  keeping  meat 
through  the  Summer  and  dog  days.  You 
can  use  glass  jars  to  keep  same  till  May, 
but  they  are  risky  during  warm  weather. 
When  meat  and  liquid  are  hot,  pack 
meat  into  the  cans — any  size  you  wish — 
not  quite  full,  and  pour  liquid  over  same 
so  as  to  cover  meat  somewhat,  then 
place  on  the  covers  good  and  tight.  Put 
cans  into  oven  and  bake  one  to  two 
hours.  If  cans  are  too  full,  liquid  will 
ooze  through  vent.  The  baking  will 
drive  out  every  particle  or  atom  of  air 
through  vent,  and  is  absolutely  necessary 
for  safety.  When  nearly  done  baking 
liquefy  some  paraffin  or  sealing  wax  and 
heat  a  soldering  iron.  The  paraffin  is  to 
seal  cover  airtight  around  edge,  and  the 
soldering  iron  to  use  with  solder  to 
close  up  vent  opening  in  center.  Take 
out  of  oven  a  can  at  a  time  and  solder 
vent  opening  as  quickly  as  possible,  then 
paraffin  the  edge  of  cover.  Place  cans, 
after  finishing  job,  where  it  is  dry  and 
cool.  A  steer  can  be  packed  into  about 
50  or  60  quart  cans. 

Corned  Beef. — To  every  100  pounds 
of  beef  take  nine  pounds  of  salt,  four 
pounds  of  sugar  or  two  quarts  of  good 
molasses,  two  ounces  of  soda,  one  ounce 
of  saltpeter,  and  just  enough  water  to 
cover  the  meat — about  four  or  five  gal- 
lone.  Strew  some  salt  over  the  bottom 
of  a  barrel ;  mix  about  half  the  amount 
of  salt  given  with  half  the  given  amount 


of  sugar  or  molasses,  and  rub  each  piece 
of  meat  thoroughly  with  it  before  plac¬ 
ing  it  in  the  barrel.  Dissolve  the  salt¬ 
peter  and  soda  together  in  hot  water, 
add  the  remainder  of  the  salt  and  sugar 
and  about  four  or  five  gallons  of  cold 
water.  Pour  this  over  the  meat.  Place 
a  board  on  top  of  the  meat,  with  a 
weight  heavy  enough  to  keep  it  under 
the  brine.  It  may  be  kept  an  indefinite 
time  in  the  brine,  but  is  salt  enough  to 
cook  after  five  or  six  days’  corning. 
Skim  the  scum  off  the  top  of  the  brine 
as  it  rises ;  there  is  not  usually  much  of 
it  after  the  first  few  weeks. 


Sauerkraut. 


Would  you  give  a  recipe  for  making  sau¬ 
erkraut?  Not  the  sort  that  most  Ameri¬ 
cans  make,  which  is  a  “home-made”  prep¬ 
aration  of  cut  cabbage  and  plenty  of  salt, 
little  or  no  seasoning  by  way  of  spices, 
but  the  genuine  German  sauerkraut  whicn 
I  think  I  heard  a  German  woman  once 
say  had  sour  apples  cut  into  it.  I  have 
a  farm  and  like  most  folks  who  live  on 
them  I  try  to  have  home  products  utilized 
to  the  best  advantage.  e.  k. 

Ordinary  German  or  Russian  sauer¬ 
kraut  has  no  seasoning  beyond  salt  and 
a  few  juniper  berries,  if  liked.  The 
flavor  varies  greatly  according  to  the 
way  in  which  it  is  made  and  preserved 
Use  sound,  hard  cabbage.  Remove  and 
discard  the  exterior  green  leaves,  quar¬ 
ter  the  heads,  cut  out  the  cores  and 
thick  part  of  the  large  mid-ribs.  Slice 
with  a  sharp  knife,  and  cut  into  fine 
strips  lengthwise.  Weigh  the  cut  cab¬ 
bage,  and  for  each  pound  of  cabbage 
allow  half  an  ounce  of  salt.  Put  the 
cabbage  in  layers  in  wooden,  glass  or 
earthen  vessels,  dusting  salt  from  the 
amount  weighed  out  on  each  layer. 
Complete  the  packing  by  adding  enough 
salt  to  make  one  pound  of  salt  to  each 
hundred  pounds  of  cabbage.  With  the 
last  salt  on  the  top  layer  put  a  handful 
or  two  of  juniper  berries  for  each  hun¬ 
dred  pounds  of  cabbage.  Put  on  a  loose 
cover  and  weight  it  down  with  a  stone. 
When  any  of  the  kraut  is  removed,  add 
enough  freshly  made  brine  to  cover  the 
remainder,  and  replace  the  board  and 
weight. 

Flemish  or  Dutch  sauerkraut  contains 
apples;  this  is  made  from  red  cabbage. 
Prepare  and  slice  the  cabbage  as  in  the 
first  recipe.  For  each  pound  of  cabbage 
core  and  slice  three  apples,  peel  and  slice 
thin  three  onions,  add  to  these  two 
ounces  of  butter,  a  tablespoonful  of  vin¬ 
egar,  salt  and  pepper,  and  a  little  sugar. 
Mix  with  the  cabbage,  put  in  an  earthen 
or  enamel  stewpan  and  6immer  over  a 
low  fire  for  two  hours.  Then  fill  the 
kraut  into  jars  and  cook  like  canned 
fruit,  allowing  10  minutes’  cooking  to 
the  pound.  This  cooking  should  be 
done  three  successive  mornings.  We 
have  never  heard  of  apples  being  used 
in  ordinary  sauerkraut,  though  this  may 
be  done  in  some  cases. 


Cooked  Mayonnaise. — Beat  two  eggs 
to  a  stiff  froth,  add  small  teaspoonful  of 
mustard,  salt,  two  large  tablespoonfuls 
oil,  two  of  lemon  juice,  beat  all 
together,  set  the  dish  into  hot  water  and 
stir  constantly  until  the  dressing  thick¬ 
ens.  After  it  is  cool  and  just  before 
using  add  cream  to  thin  it  to  the  desired 
consistency. 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


CHILDREN 

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Lighting  Plants — 
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Important — Wewill 
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H  ARLEY-DAVI DSON 


m 

% 


MOTORCYCLES 

are  really  comfortable.  Their 
seats  absorb 
an  the  jolts  and 
jars  of  the  road.  The  saddle  position 

Is  lower  than  -m — j - j - » 

over.  Their  tF 

control  does  -  ^  - 

away  with  hard  pedaling  or  run¬ 
ning  alongside.  They  start  like  an 
auto.  Sendfordescrlptlveliterature 

Harley- Davidson  Motor  Company 


y//?. 


Scott’s  Emulsion 

Next  to  sunshine,  nothing 
restores  health,  strength 
and  vitality  like 

Scott*  s  Emulsion 


ALL  DRUGGISTS 


11-53 


SPLENDID  CROPS 

2n  Saskatchewan  (Western  Canada) 

Bushelsfrom  20  Acres 

of  wheat  was  the  thresher’s  re¬ 
turn  from  a  Lloydmlnster  farm 
during  one  season.  Many  fields 
In  that  as  well  as  other  districts 
yielded  from  25  to  85  bushels  of 
wheat  to  the  acre.  Other  grains 
In  proportion. 

Large  Profits 

are  thus  derived  from  the 
FREE  HOMESTEAD 
LANDS  of  Western  Canada. 

This  excellent  showing  causes  prices 
to  advance,  band  values  should  double 
In  two  years’  time. 

Grain  growing,  mixed  farming, 
cattle  raising  and  dairying  are  all 
profitable.  Free  Homesteads  of  160 
acres  are  to  be  had  in  the  very  best 
districts;  160-acre  pre-emption  at 

t3.00  per  acre  within  certain  areas. 

chools  and  churches  in  every  set¬ 
tlement,  climate  unexcelled,  soil 
the  richest;  wood,  water  and  build¬ 
ing  material  plentiful. 

For  settlers’  low  railway  rates  and  Illus¬ 
trated  pamphlet,  “Last  Best  West.”  and 
other  Information,  write  to  Supt.  Im¬ 
migration,  Ottawa.  Can..  orCon.Gov.  Agt. 

J.  S.  CRAWFORD 
SOI  E.  GENESEE  STREEt 
Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


THE  IDEAL 
HOME  COUNTRY 

i  in  the  wide  territory  traversed  by  the  Southern  Ry. 
System.  From  the  high  lands  of  the  Appalachians,  with 
their  dry,  healthy  climate,  to  the  Piedmont  section,  with  its 
heavy  yielding  lands,  on  to  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts, 
where  every  crop  thrives — somewhere  in  this  broad  territory 
you  can  find  a  place  just  suited  to  your  needs  and  means. 

Land  prices  range  from  $15  to  $50  per 
acre.  The  first  year’s  crop  often  more  than  returns 
the  purchase  price. 

All  grasses,  grains,  fruits  and  vegetables  known  to  the 
temperate  zone  thrive  in  the  Southeast.  Alfalfa  grows 
nearly  everywhere — 4  to  6  tons  per  acre  not  uncom¬ 
mon  $  1 5  to  $22  per  ton  paid  locally.  Apple  orchards 
net  $100  to  $500  an  acre.  Truck  gardening  yields 
$200  to  $400  per  acre — everything  else  in  proportion. 

The  Southeast  is  the  farmer’s  paradise. 

.  We  have  booklets  giving  full  information  of  conditions 

in  each  Southeastern  State.  Address 

M.  V.  RICHARDS,  Land  &  Industrial  Agt. 

Southern  Railway.  Room  87 
Washington,  D.  C. 


We  are  still  mak¬ 

ing  and  selling  _ _  ^ 

better  than  ever.  The  increased  demand  proves  it.  Only  best  Oak  Leather  used  in 
m. cobbier.  Ask  your  dealer  or  write  ns  for  booklet  and  priced 

RUBBERHIDE  COMPANY,  Dept.  E,  Essex  Building,  Boston,  Mass. 


RUBBERHIDE  Boots 


1222 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

THE  OLD  FARM  HORSE. 

I  regret  to  learn  the  way  in  which 
some  people  dispose  of  their  horses 
when  they  have  outlived  their  useful¬ 
ness.  Prosperity  and  humanity  do  not 
seem  synonymous  in  our  rush  for 
wealth,  but  the  old  faithful  horse  must 
go ;  he  has  become  unprofitable.  Per¬ 
haps  the  women  folks  will  shed  a  few 
tears  at  his  departure,  as  it  seems  like 
one  of  the  family,  but  he  is  growing  old 
and  will  bring  a  few  dollars.  Farmer 
A.  sells  him  to  Farmer  B.,  who,  not 
having  known  the  horse  long  enough  to 
be  affected  by  sentiment,  works  him  to 
the  limit.  Perhaps  he  fares  as  well  in 
Farmer  B.’s  barn  as  he  does  in  A.’s, 
but  the  old  horse  is  getting  older  and 
weaker.  B.  finally  sells  him  to  Farmer 
C.,  who  finds  him  unable  to  keep  up  to 
the  rest  of  the  younger  horses,  and  uses 
the  whip  on  this  poor  beast.  I  would 
have  more  satisfaction  to  know  that 
this  poor  old  beast  was  peaceable  mol- 
dering  in  the  earth  than  to  know  that 
some  stranger’s  hands  were  whipping 
and  beating  him  to  drive  him  to  do 
more  than  he  is  able.  M.  e.  moret. 

Michigan. 

DO  SHEEP  PAY? 

The  price  of  lambs  on  the  local  mar¬ 
ket  is  quoted  at  three  to  four  cents  and 
old  sheep  at  four  to  'five  cents  per 
pound.  Wool  is  quoted  in  same  market 


WELL  WORTH  THEIR  SALT.  Fig  500. 


at  14  to  17  cents  per  pound.  Clover 
hay  is  quoted  at  $18  to  $20  per  ton, 
Timothy  hay  at  $22  to  $24  per  ton,  corn 
at  73  cents  per  100  pounds,  and  oats  at 
48  to  50  cents  per  bushel.  Land  in  the 
writer’s  section  is  selling  at  $125  to  $150 
per  acre.  With  such  prices,  are  sheep  a 
paying  proposition?  With  these  exist¬ 
ing  conditions  it  presents  much  food  for 
thought,  and  the  farmer  having  sheep  at 
the  present  time  hardly  knows  what 
move  to  make,  and  the  problem  calls 
for  deliberate  consideration. 

I  talked  to  a  man  the  other  day  who 
said,  “I’m  going  to  sell  my  sheep.  Feed 
stuffs  Are  too  high  and  sheep  too  low.’’ 
This  is  a  common  expression  of  those 
keeping  sheep  in  this  section.  But 
notwithstanding  all  this  I  say  “keep 
your  sheep.”  The  pendulum  never 
swings  so  far  in  one  direction  but  what 
it  will  return.  There  is  always  a  re¬ 
action  in  anything.  I  have  every  reason 
to  predict  safely  that  these  low  prices 
of  sheep  and  wool  will  be  followed  by 
better  prices.  When  everybody  else 
wants  to  go  out  of  a  certain  line  of  live 
stock  industry  that  is  just  your  time  to 
begin.  The  person  who  follows  a  cer¬ 
tain  line  of  stock  breeding  and  sells  out 
every  time  a  slump  comes  and  expects 
to  be  in  when  the  high  mark  is  on  and 
out  when  the  prices  are  low  will  be  sure 
not  to  make  a  success  of  live  stock 
breeding. 

Stay  right  with  the  business.  Main¬ 
tain  about  the  same  amount  you  always 
keep,  and  pay  no  attention  to  the  flur¬ 
ries.  I  insist,  whether  schedule  K  or  B 
or  any  other  tariff  schedule  is  tampered 
with,  I  will  keep  my  flock  of  high-grade 


sheep.  True,  the  prices  on  one  side  are 
encouraging  and  discouraging  on  the 
other  hand,  but  I  believe  it  will  pay  to 
keep  sheep.  I  have  no  notion  of  selling 
my  flock,  and  shall  not  skimp  them  of 
stover,  clover  hay,  oats  or  silage,  but 
feed  these  feeds  in  the  same  proportion 
I  have  for  years,  which  has  given  us  the 
best  of  success.  It  is  well  known  that 
there  is  no  other  stock  on  the  farm  that 
is  so  easily  cared  for.  A  boy  12  years 
old  can  care  for  a  flock  of  50  sheep, 
and  will  not  interfere  in  the  least  with 
his  school  work  except  when  lambing 
time  comes,  which  calls  for  some  extra 
attention  from  older  persons.  Here  at 
the  writer’s  home  it  requires  three  men 
to  care  for  23  head  of  cattle;  quite  a 
contrast.  Then  in  the  warm  months  of 
the  year  the  sheep  need  practically  no 
attention  save  a  supply  of  salt  and 
water.  Sheep  are  great  scavengers, 
are  helpful  and  economical  in  keeping 
down  weeds  and  underbrush.  With  the 
great  ease  with  which  sheep  are  kept 
and  taking  into  consideration  that  per¬ 
haps  which  is  more  important  than  all, 
I  like  sheep  and  love  to  work  with  and 
among  them  are  ample  reasons  why  I 
personally  should  hold  on  to  my  sheep, 
and  other  persons  who  are  situated  as 
I  am  I  believe  will  make  a  mistake  to 
dispose  of  them.  j.  a.  s. 

Ohio. 

The  Law  About  Diseased  Cattle. 

What  rights,  if  any,  has  a  milk  producer 
in  the  matter  of  having  his  cattle  tested 
for  tuberculosis?  I  am  told  a  man  is  in 
this  vicinity  going  through  dairies  and  that 
in  one  case  he  killed  every  cow  in  a  large 
herd  save  one.  Are  we  compelled  to  sub¬ 
mit?  If  so,  do  we  get  anything  for  cattle 
so  killed?  We  have  20  cows,  are  in  debt 
on  the  farm  and  to  have  these  cows  killed 
and  get  nothing  for  them  means  financial 
ruin.  t.  w. 

Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y. 

The  State  Commissioner  of  Agricul¬ 
ture  has  full  authority  to  examine  ann 
mals  and  premises,  test,  quarantine  and 
cause  tuberculosus  animals  to  be  killed 
if,  in  his  judgment,  such  action  is  neces¬ 
sary.  The  law  provides  for  the  appraisal 
of  such  condemned  stock  at  its  true 
market  value,  but  not  to  exceed  $75  for 
unregistered  cattle.  If  the  appraisal 
made  is  not  satisfactory  to  the  owner, 
the  matter  is  to  be  decided  by  arbitra¬ 
tors,  one  appointed  by  the  State  ap¬ 
praiser  and  one  by  the  owner,  a  third 
being  appointed  by  these  two  when 
necessary.  They  cannot  put  on  a  value 
exceeding  the  limit  of  the  law,  and  their 
findings,  when  approved  by  the  Com¬ 
missioner,  shall  be  final.  The  owner  is 
given  a  certificate  showing  actual  ap¬ 
praisal  value  and  gets  his  pay  from  the 
State  in  due  time. 


Heating  Stock  Water  in  Canada. 

//.  L.,  Okotoks,  Alberta,  Canada. — Can 
anyone  give  me  some  information  how  to 
keep  my  watering  trough  for  cattle  and 
horses  from  freezing  in  the  Winter?  It 
gets  quite  cold  here.  I  have  a  small  house 
where  I  keep  my  separator  next  to  this 
trough.  Could  I  put  some  kind  of  a  heater 
in  this  to  heat  the  water? 

Ans. — Alberta  is  subject  to  very  low 
temperatures,  and  I  advise  the  inquirer 
to  take  the  following  precautions: 
Build  a  box  around  the  watering 
trough,  leaving  a  six-inch  space  be¬ 
tween  the  outside  of  the  trough  and 
the  inside  of  the  protecting  box,  to  be 
filled  with  chaff  and  covered  to  keep 
the  chaff  dry.  Next  a  cover  should  be 
made  as  large  as  the  outside  dimen¬ 
sions  of  the  box,  and  to  insure  a  snug 
fit  the  under  side  of  this  cover  should 
have  several  layers  of  burlap  tacked  to 
it.  Some  one  of  the  many  tank  heaters 
should  be  used,  which  would  be  prefer¬ 
able  to  supplying  heat  from  the  sep¬ 
arator  house ;  this  would  be  possible  j,f 
the  watering  trough  were  on  the  same 
level  as  the  heater  inside  the  house, 
so  that  the  water  could  circulate  from 
tank  to  heater.  I  strongly  advise  the 
tank  heater  to  be  placed  right  in  the 
trough,  as  being  more  practical.  It 
would  be  worth  while  to  build  a  pro¬ 
tecting  shed  over  the  watering  trough, 
also.  w.  E.  d. 

Ohio. 


Bone  Meal  for  Cows. 

Can  you  tell  me  something  about  feeding 
bone  meal  to  cows  and  hogs,  and  the  quan¬ 
tity?  What  is  the  object?  Why  do  cows 
and  hogs  gnaw  old  bones?  E.  D.  B. 

Fayetteville,  N.  Y. 

Most  feeders  that  we  know  use  “a 
large  handful”  of  bone  meal  each  day. 
This  would  mean  a  little  over  a  pound. 
It  is  usually  mixed  with  the  grain. 
The  object  is  to  provide  lime  and 
phosphates  for  bone  making.  Most  of 
us  have  noticed  cattle  chewing  old  bones 
or  the  rails  on  fences  or  drinking  filth 
in  barn  yards.  This  is  the  result  of  a 
depraved  appetite  caused  by  a  lack  of 
bone-making  material  or  minerals  in 
the  food.  This  lack  creates  a  craving 
of  the  system  which  can  only  be  satis¬ 
fied  by  the  proper  food.  Bone  meal 
will  help  and  so  will  wheat  bran,  but 
the  bone  meal  is  best  for  the  purpose. 


Buckwheat  Straw  Bedding. 

Is  there  any  reason  why  buckwheat  straw 
should  not  be  used  for  bedding  for  stock?  I 
have  been  told  it  is  very  injurious  to  ani¬ 
mals.  e.  F.  c. 

Watervliet,  Mich. 

There  is  no  reason  why  buckwheat 
straw  should  not  be  used  for  litter  for 
live  stock.  It  does  not  make  the  best 
of  litter,  because  it  is  rather  coarse, 
and  breaks  up  quite  rapidly  and  soon 
has  to  be  renewed.  So  far  as  breaking 
down  in  the  manure  is  concerned,  it  is 
more  satisfactory  than  most  other  kinds 
of  straw.  I  am  aware  that  in  some 
quarters  there  is  a  prejudice  against 
buckwheat  straw  as  injurious  to  the 
animals.  In  our  own  experience  and 
that  of  a  number  of  whom  I  have  made 
inquiry  such  injurious  action  has  not 
been  observed.  I  have  heard  it  stated 
that  pigs  lying  in  buckwheat  straw  would 
experience  an  irritation  of  the  skin, 
and  that  horses  bedded  with  it  would 
be  inclined  to  contract  the  scratches, 
but  I  have  never  observed  a  case  of 
either  of  these  troubles  due  to  this 
cause,  nor  have  I  positive  testimony 
from  an  individual  who  has  observed 
it.  I  therefore  doubt  the  correctness 
of  the  statement.  j.  l.  stone. 


Why  I  Keep  Berkshires. 

After  breeding  tliis  strain  for  several 
years,  I  am  convinced  that  the  Berkshire 
hog  is  the  ideal  hog,  not  only  for  the  fan¬ 
cier  but  for  the  farmer  as  well.  My  reason 
for  reaching  this  decision  is  that  when  the 
sows  are  fully  developed  they  are  unusually 
prolific,  farrowing  large  litters ;  are  good, 
deep  milkers,  and  extremely  careful  mothers. 
Then  the  sows  as  well  as  the  boars  have 
a  well  built-up  frame,  stand  well  on  their 
feet,  which  denotes  strength  in  their  mus¬ 
cular  system  and  a  vitality  which  is  mar¬ 
velous.  This  muscular  strength  and  vitality 
is  especially  noticeable  in  newly  farrowed 
pigs,  with  the  result  that  there  is  less  loss 
with  the  young  Berkshire  pigs  than  with 
those  of  other  breeds.  Another  point,  which 
is  very  important,  is  the  value  of  a  pun* 
bred  Berkshire  boar  and  his  value  in  a 
herd  of  grade  sows  on  account  of  his  , 
ability  to  transmit  the  valuable  qualities  ; 
of  a  purebred  to  his  offspring  when  crossed  1 
with  grade  or  other  breeds.  The  Berkshire  | 
hog  is  a  much  more  active  animal  than  ' 
other  breeds ;  is  a  good  forager,  and  as  i 
everyone  knows,  activity  and  exercise  stands 
for  health  and  strength  ;  aids  the  digestive 
and  assimilating  osgans,  keeping  them  in 
working  order',  which  means  additional 
weight  put  on  witlv  the  least  amount  of 
feed  consumed,  and  this  is  a  big  point  in 
favor  of  the  Berkshires.  In  addition  to 
their  value  I  personally  prefer  them  on  ac¬ 
count  of  their  conformation,  especially  tno 
high-class  Berkshires  of  to-day,  and  their  j 
uniform  color  and  markings,  and  it  is  for 
this  reason  that  I  raise  this  particular 
breed.  a.  f.  jones. 


Purebred  Stock. — The  last  census 
showed  New  York  in  the  lead  of  all  States 
in  number  of  dairy  cows.  There  were 
1,508,672  of  these  dairy  animals,  Wisconsin 
being  next  with  1,471.591.  Now  it  ap¬ 
pears  that  there  were  only  45,462  purebred 
cattle  in  the  State  in  1910.  If  there  Is 
anything  in  the  arguments  advanced  by 
breeders  the  purebred  is  superior  for  dairy¬ 
ing  and  in  a  great  dairy  State  like  New 
York  such  cattle  should  make  a  better 
showing.  We  think  these  breeders  mas# 
something  of  a  mistake  in  not  going  out 
more  than  they  do  for  what  we  may  call 
the  farmers’  trade.  A  large  share  of  their 
sales  are  made  by  one  breeder  to  another. 
There  is  a  great  market  among  dairymen, 
especially  those  who  combine  fruit-growing 
with  dairying.  They  need  some  live  stock 
and  want  the  best.  There  ought  to  be  a 
campaign  to  convince  them  that  pure  blood 
will  pay.  In  fact  thousands  of  dairymen 
are  already  convinced.  They  have  a  good 
many  high-grade  dairy  cows  which  produce 
more  milk  than  the  average  pure  blood. 
These  men  know  that  the  pure  blood  is  re¬ 
sponsible  for  this  superiority,  but  they  say 
that  prices  charged  for  the  blooded  stock 
are  so  high  that  the  present  milk  business 
will  hardly  warrant  an  investment. 


December  23, 


$3  PACKAGE 

will  cure  any  case  or 
money  refunded. 

$1  PACKAGE 

cures  ordinary  cases. 
Postpaid  on  receipt  of  price, 
Agents  Wanted 

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MINERAL 
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NEGLECT i 
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to  use;  does  not  blister  under 
bandage  or  remove  the  hair,  and 
you  can  work  the  horse.  $2  per  bot¬ 
tle,  delivered.  Book  7  E  free. 

ABSORBINE,  JB.,  liniment  for 
mankind.  Reduces  Painful,  Swol¬ 
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Capped  Hocks,  Thoropin,  Ab-I 
normal  Growths,  Spavin,  Curb  and  other  ^ 

I  lameness,  cost  farmers  many  thousands  of 
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remedy  for  21  years.  Guaranteed  for  Heaves.  At  dealers’ 
or  direct,  prepaid  $1  a  can.  Book  explains  fully,  free. 
THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO.,  Toledo,  Ohio 

Don’t  let  Your  Horse  Suffer 


[|  Cure  him  of  all  ailments  such  as  curb,  spavin,  splints,  ^ 
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Recommended  by  famous  horsemen.  Get 
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are  now  in  season.  They  are  quickly 
eradicated  by 

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Thirty  Years’ Popularity:  Dead  Shot 
every  time:  Largest  Sale.  7-lb.  pkg., 
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had  not  been  for  the  ease  wit  h 
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opened  I  should  have  lost  my 
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Booklet  Free. 

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Contain,  full  information  and  complete  feeding  directions  for  using 


Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal — The  Perfect  Milk  Substitute 

Three  ot  four  calves  can  be  raised  on  it  at  the  cost  of  one  where  milk  ts  fed. 

No  mill  feed  The  only  calf  meal  manufactured  in  an  exclusive  Calf  Meal  Factory 
Established  at  Leicester.  England,  in  1 80D. 

Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal  Factory,  -  -  Waukegan,  Illinois 


1011. 


122a 


MIL  K. 

The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $2.01 
per  40-quart  can,  netting  4%  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


DAIRYMEN’S  LEAGUE  MEETING. 

Seventy-five  delegates,  representing  about 
2,600  stockholders  of  the  Dairymen’s 
League,  assembled  in  Albany  on  Tuesday, 
December  12  for  the  purpose  of  electing  a 
new  board  of  directors  and  the  transaction 
of  other  business.  The  League  is  an  in¬ 

corporated  body  with  an  authorized  capital 
of  $100,000,  and  its  avowed  purposes  are 
to  "oppose  and  prevent  monopoly  in  the 

production  or  sale  of  milk,  and  to  encour¬ 
age  competition  therein,”  etc.  The  meet¬ 
ing  of  the  League  -was  held  in  the  City 

flail  and  the  sessions  were  private,  no  out¬ 
siders  being  permitted  to  attend.  At  the 
close  of  the  afternoon  session  it  was  an¬ 
nounced  that  these  directors  had  been 
chosen  for  the  coming  year :  John  Y. 

Gerow  of  Orange  Co. ;  Warren  D.  Haggerty 
of  Sussex  Co..  N.  .T.,  Harvey  Bull  of  Orange 
Co. ;  F.  D.  Kershaw  of  Onondaga  Co.  :  J. 
L.  Hartnett  of  Cortland  Co. ;  B.  F.  Liv¬ 
ingston  of  Chemung  and  Tioga  Counties; 
W.  J.  Axtell  of  Western  Delaware  and 
Broome  Counties ;  Lewis  M.  Hardin  of 
Sussex  Co.,  N.  J.  ;  D.  M.  Wright  of  Wash¬ 
ington  Co.  ;  E.  Leach  of  Chenango  Co. ; 
W.  FI.  Danehy  of  Madison  Co. ;  II.  W. 
Culver  of  Dutchess  Co.  ;  Oscar  Bailey  of 
Putnam  Co. ;  A.  E.  Sheard  of  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  ;  D.  II.  Clements  of  Sullivan  and 
Ulster  Counties  ;  Clifford  E.  Hough  of  Con¬ 
necticut,  and  Ira  Sharpe,  Lewis  Co.  ;  D. 
II.  Slitpr.  Delaware  Co.  :  Frank  Sherman, 
Columbia  Co.  ;  the  last  three  being  State 
Grange  nominees  upon  the  board  of  direc¬ 
tors.  The  board  of  directors  will  shortly 
meet  to  select  from  their  number  officers 
of  the  League  for  the  coming  year.  Among 
the  resolutions  passed  was  one  calling  upon 
Congress  to  restore  the  duty  upon  cream  im¬ 
ported  from  Canada  to  the  same  figure 
which  pi’evailed  under  the  McKinley  tariff 
hill,  viz.,  five  cents  per  pound,  instead  of 
five  cents  per  gallon  as  now ;  also  the 
board  of  directors  was  instructed  to  draft 
a  bill  for  presentation  to  the  next  ses¬ 
sion  of  the  Legislature  providing  for 
monthly  payments  by  consignees  for  milk 
P"d  cream  shipped  to  the  metropolitan  dis¬ 
trict. 


Cows  have  sold  here  from  $20  to  $75; 
horses  from  $50  to  $150.  Good  young 
horses  are  sold  at  private  sale  from  $200 
up.  according  to  size  and  condition.  Hay 
sells  from  $16  to  $20  loose  as  to  quality  ; 
no  silage  or  manures  sold.  No  milk  is  sold 
In  this  vicinity  ;  creamery  paid  .35  cents  for 
butter  fat  in  October ;  present  price.  36 
cents  for  butter.  Apples,  50  cents  per 
bushel;  potatoes,  80  cents;  pork,  7%  cents 
dressed  ;  chickens  nine  cents  live ;  turkeys, 
20  cents  dressed.  f  w'  d 


In  an  effort  to  explain  the  plans  of  the 
N.  Y.  Dept,  of  Health  regarding  the  new 
measure  which  will  require  the  pasteuriza¬ 
tion  of  all  but  certain  special  grades  of 
milk  after  January  1,  Health  Commissioner 
Lederle  is  conferring  with  representatives 
of  the  various  milk  companies.  The  first 
conference  was  hold  December  7  and  an¬ 
other  will  be  held  December  14.  Some  of 
the  small  milk  dealers  have  criticised  the 
new  measure,  saying  it  favors  the  so-called 
Milk  Trust.  Commissioner  Lederle  said  he 
did  not  believe  it  would,  although  he  knew 
it  would  cost  a  considerable  sum  to  install 
such  plants.  Commissioner  Lederle  will  not 
countenance  any  but  real  pasteurization. 
It  was  said  at  the  department  that  rigid 
inspection  would  preclude  the  production 
of  “commercially  pasteurized”  milk,  from 
which,  according  to  a  statement  made  by 
Nathan  Straus,  persons  in  Washington  and 
Boston  had  contracted  contagious  diseases. 
Mr.  Straus  was  speaking  before  the  Public 
Health  Association  conference  at  Havana 
when  he  made  the  statement.  Dr.  L.  Em¬ 
mett  Ilolt.  Dr.  William  P.  Northrup  and  Dr. 
Howland  G.  Freeman  attended  the  first  milk 
conference.  Representatives  of  the  Whole¬ 
sale  Milk  Dealers’  Association,  the  Sanitary 
Bureau  of  the  Milk  Dealers’  Association 
and  the  New  York  Sanitary  Milk  Dealers’ 
Association  attended.  Commissioner  Led- 
crle  said  that  a  number  of  the  largest  con¬ 
cerns  had  already  installed  pasteurization 
plants. 


Extra  good  Holstein  cows  are  bringing 
almost  any  sum  in  reason,  but  there  are 
not  many  on  the  market.  Ordinary  and 
cows  over  eight  years  run  from  $35  up  to 
$60.  Above  prices  are  for  springers  and 
fresh  milkers.  Silos  being  a  practically 
new  thing  in  this  neighborhood,  I  have  been 
unable  to  learn  of  any  silage  being  sold. 
Barnyard  or  stable  manure  is  not  on  sale 
anywhere  through  this  section,  I  believe, 
and  the  product  of  fhe  livery  stables  varies 
so  much  that  there  is  no  set  value.  Ordi¬ 
nary  hay  is  from  $12  and  $14  up.  Alfalia 
baled  by  carload  lots  $21  up,  plus  freight. 
Most  of  the  milk  companies  are  paying 
Borden’s  price,  $2  per  100  pounds  for  milk 
up  to  legal  standard.  Others  require  milk 
to  be  3.6  per  cent,  butter  fat.  At  least 
one  company  pays  Exchange  price,  4% 
cents  per  quart  at  present.  w.  i.  a. 

Oxford  Depot,  N.  H. 


I  have  a  little  Guernsey  cow ;  she  has 
been  a  family  cow,  and  I  also  bought  her 
heifer  which  was  nine  months  old  and  was 
very  small.  I  never  thought  the  heifer  would 
amount  to  very  much,  as  it  never  grew 
very  large.  The  first  time  the  cow  fresh¬ 
ened  with  me  she  gave  me  21  quarts  or 
strained  milk  for  three  months  and  then 
she  shrunk  up  a  little.  She  stayed  two 
months  dry  and  she  freshened  three  weeks 
ago  for  the  second  time,  and  now  she  is 
milking  21  quarts.  The  little  heifer  came 
in  13  days  ago  and  she  is  milking  15% 
quarts  a  day.  I  don’t  think  that  the  regis¬ 
tered  Holstein  cows  can  beat  her  very 
much.  j.  a.  a. 

Massachusetts. 

R.  N.-Y. — Both  are  good  cows,  but  we 
would  rather  have  that  yield  in  actual 
pounds — weighed  every  day.  The  “quart” 
method  is  not  always  reliable.  We  have 
known  people  to  figure  that  a  cow  gave 
a  “pailful”  at  a  milking.  The  pail  holds 
10  quarts,  but  is  not  always  full.  The 
scales  tell  the  story. 


I  quote  you  prices  in  our  community  and 
local  markets.  Horses  from  $75  to  $200 ; 


THE  KU KAL  NEW-VOKKfirt 


cows  from  $25  to  $45.  Hogs,  eight  cents 
per  pound,  dressed;  veals,  10  to  11  cents 
per  pound.  Potatoes,  60  to  70  cents  per 
bushel ;  apples  from  40  to  75  cents  per 
bushel ;  corn,  in  ear,  40  cents  per  bushel ; 
oats,  50  cents.  Hay,  $20  per  ton ;  corn 
fodder,  five  cents  per  shock.  Butter  from 
27  to  30  cents  per  pound ;  eggs,  25  cents 
per  dozen.  Milk  sells  at  eight  cents  per 
quart  in  our  neighboring  towns;  chickens 
from  six  to  eight  cents  per  pound,  live 
weight.  There  is  no  silage  sold  in  this  sec¬ 
tion.  Manure  sells  for  $1  per  load.  At 
auction,  at  saPs  around  here,  hay,  grain 
and  stock  generally  bring  about  as  much  as 
it  is  selling  for  in  the  market.  They  usually 
give  from  six  to  nine  months’  credit  on 
sums  over  $5,  which  means  a  good  bit  to 
most  people  and  helps  to  sell.  e.  e.  j. 

Brookville,  Pa. 

General  prices  for  farm  produce  at  auc¬ 
tion  are  as  follows  :  Hay,  $15  to  $18  per 
ton  ;  straw,  $5  to  $8  per  ton  ;  manure,  59 
cents  per  ton  ;  corn  on  ear,  30  to  35  cents 
per  bushel ;  oats,  40  cents  per  bushel  ;  buck¬ 
wheat,  $1.25  per  100;  potatoes.  65  cents 
per  bushel ;  apples.  $1  per  bushel.  Cows, 
$25  to  $40  per  head;  horses,  $100  to  $200 
per  head ;  two-year-old  cattle,  $25  to  $40 
per  head,  four  cents  per  pound ;  yearling 
cattle.  $15  to  $20  per  head,  three  cents  per 
pound  ;  hogs,  $5  per  100  pounds ;  chickens, 
eight  to  10  cents  per  pound  ;  milk,  six  cents 
per  quart.  w.  e. 

Cambridge  Springs,  Pa. 


Spring  cows  sell  for  $25  to  $40  per  head 
and  fresh  ones  $50  to  $65 ;  horses  $50  to 
$200.  Hogs  5%  cents  per  pound;  corn  35 
cents  per  bushel ;  potatoes  71  cents ;  wheat 
00  cents ;  oats  50  cents ;  apples  50  cents. 
Hay  $20  per  ton.  straw  $10.  I  do  not 
know  the  price  of  silage  ;  I  never  saw  any 
sold.  Chickens  11  and  12  cents  per  pound. 
Manure  $1  per  load.  Butter  40  cents ;  eggs 
40  cents ;  rye  SO  cents ;  dressed  beef  six 
and  seven  cents.  c.  f. 

Novelty,  Ohio. 


There  have  been  a  large  number  of  pub¬ 
lic  sales  in  this  and  adjoining  counties  this 
Fall.  Good  horses  sell  well  from  $150  to 
$250 ;  plugs  very  slow  sale  on  account  of 
high-priced  feed.  All  kinds  of  hay  sell  at 
from  $15  per  ton  in  barn  to  as  high  as 
$22  ;  corn  from  50  cents  in  crib  to  60  cents 
delivered.  Stock  cattle,  $4.50  per  100 
pounds;  milch  cows,  $35  to  $100.  Fat  hogs, 
six  cents ;  stock  hogs,  $5.50 ;  baled  straw, 
$6  per  ton  ;  Alfalfa  hay,  $22 ;  not  much 
sold.  I  am  not  posted  on  price  of  milk, 
as  very  little  is  shipped  from  here.  Ilog 
cholera  in  the  north  part  otf  the  county 
and  the  counties  adjoining  has  about 
cleaned  the  country  of  hogs,  leaving  many 
farmers  without  their  Winter  meat.  Far¬ 
mers  shelling  corn  find  more  spoilt  corn 
than  usual,  caused  by  so  much  rain.  Wheat 
mostly  sown  late  and  much  of  it  only  show¬ 
ing  through  the  ground.  Glover  seed  worth 
from  $9  to  $12  per  bushel;  Timothy  from 
$5  to  $7.50.  Apples  plentiful  and  sell  from 
35  to  50  cents  per  bushel.  I’otatoes,  75 
cents  to  $1.25.  f.  a 

Hillsboro,  O. 


Horses.  $00  to  $150;  steers  average  4% 
cents  per  pound  ;  cows  average  $30 ;  veal 
calves,  seven  cents  per  pound  •  hogs,  5% 
cents  per  pound  ;  pigs,  $2  each;  sheep  two 
cents  per  pound ;  lambs,  four  cents  per 
pound.  Hay,  $1  per  100;  corn  fodder,  20 
cents  per  shock  ;wheat  straw,  $10  per  ton  ;oat 
straw,  $12  per  ton.  Manure  made  on  farm, 
$2  per  ton  ;  commercial  fertilizers  average 
$22  per  ton.  Wheat.  95  cents  per  bushel ; 
corn,  1911  crop,  70  cents  per  bushel;  oats, 
50  cents  per  bushel ;  rye,  $1.25  per  bushel ; 
buckwheat,  80  cents  per  bushel.  Tobacco, 
eight  cents  per  pound.  Potatoes,  $1.10  per 
bushel;  sweet  potatoes,  $1  per  bushel; 
Winter  apples,  75  cents  per  bushel ;  milk, 
28  cents  per  gallon;  dairy  butter,  25  cents 
per  pound ;  packing  stock.  20  cents  per 
pound.  Eggs,  36  cents  per  dozen.  Poultry 
— Hens,  seven  cents  per  pound  :  roosters, 
five  cents  per  pound;  turkeys,  12  cents  per 
pound  ;  geese,  8  cents  per  pound  ;  ducks,  10 
tents  per  pound.  Rabbits.  $1.20  per  dozen, 
and  black  walnuts  one  cent  per  pound.  The 
above  quotations  on  produce  are  what  farm¬ 
ers  receive.  a  k 

Hollis,  O. 

There  was  a  public  sale  right  on  the 
State  line  between  Illinois  and  Wisconsin 
a  few  miles  from  Kenosha  a  few  days  ago ; 
prices  were  about  as  follows :  Horses,  $100 
to  $225.  A  pair  of  well-matched  yearling 
colts,  good  size,  went  for  about  $180.  Cows, 
springers  and  new  milkers,  $45  to  $70; 
dry  cows.  $21  to  $37.50 ;  yearling  heifers, 
$15  to  $20.  Brood  sows  $15  to  $40;  stock 
hogs  about  7%  cents.  Tools,  wagons  and 
buggies  any  old  price ;  hay,  $15  to  $20 ; 
corn  in  shock,  25  to  60  cents,  according  to 
quality  and  quantity  of  corn ;  oat  straw, 
$6  to  $8 ;  chickens  about  eight  cents  per 
pound.  g.  A.  M. 

Kenosha,  Wis. 


Cows  Wear  Clothes. — Consul  Henry  D. 
Baker  of  New  Zealand  says  that  a  large 
proportion  of  the  horses  and  cows  in  that 
country  wear  clothes.  In  cold  or  wet 
weather  a  large  proportion  of  the  horses 
and  cows  have  canvas  covers  strapped 
about  them.  It  is  not  customary  to  house 
the  cattle  in  the  Winter,  yet  some  protec¬ 
tion  is  needed  in  the  pasture,  so  that  these 
covers  may  be  kept  on  all  through  the  Win¬ 
ter.  During  Spring  and  Autumn  they  are 
put  on  at  night  and  removed  in  the 
morning.  The  covers  are  usually  made  of 
sailcloth  or  heavy  duck,  with  leather  trim¬ 
mings  and  straps.  Covers  for  horses  sell 
for  about  $4.86  apiece,  while  cow  covers 
cost  about  $4.  Some  of  them  are  quite 
fancy,  and  it  would  seem,  that  there  are 
special  styles  for  cows  as  well  as  for 
humans.  This  will  be  a  new  thing  to 
many  of  our  readers,  yet  in  a  climate  like 
New  Zealand  clothes  for  the  horses  and 
cattle  appear  to  be  the  proper  thing.  We 
can  imagine  a  saucy  Jersey  heifer  asking 
her  mother  if  her  hat  is  on  straight,  or 
if  there  is  a  wrinkle  in  the  back  of  her 
coat 

Poisonous  Oleo. — The  English  Consul 
General  states  that  in  Germany  cases  of 
poisoning  have  been  traced  to  the  use  of 
oleo.  The  manufacturer  of  this  stuff  was 
convicted  and  fined  a  total  of  $10,000. 

“Hitherto  the  vegetable  oils  mixed  with 
the  animal  fat  had  been  cocoa-nut  oil  and 
palm  nut  oil.  but  in  order  to  meet  the  exi¬ 
gencies  of  the  growing  business  and  to  com¬ 


pete  against  rival  factories,  other  kinds  or 
oil  derived  from  the  fruit  of  plants  not  so 
well  known  were  bought  and  added  to  the 
product.  Various  grades  of  margarine  ap¬ 
pear  to  be  prepared  in  order  to  meet  the 
requirements  of  different  classes  of  custom¬ 
ers  ;  thus,  for  the  very  poor,  there  is  a 
product  called  ‘Backa,’  which  was  prepared 
of  70  per  cent  of  oil  of  cardamoms,  or  some¬ 
thing  similar,  6  per  cent  of  mutton  fat,  14 
per  cent  of  cotton-seed  oil,  and  10  per  cent 
of  sesame  seed  oil.  This  product  was  sold 
at  5d.  per  pound.” 

The  manufacturer  claimed  that  his  chem¬ 
ists  told  him  the  stuff  was  pure  and  healthy, 
but  it  is.  10  to  one  that  he  never  dared  to 
oat  it. 

Rplojan  HarPQ-P^'S1'66^  ^u^ns  red.  empire 

Dclgldll  ndieb  STATE  RABBITRY,  Esperance,  N.  Y. 


HORSES 


FORTY 
Stallions 
and  Mares 

Belgians  & 
Percherons 

Will  Arrive 
at  the 


SHARON  VALLEY  STOCK  FARM,  Dec.  21  or  22 

They  are  an  extra  fine  lot,  and  will  be 
SOLD  BY  AUCTION  between  the 

1st  and  15th  of  JANUARY,  1912 

Everyone  that  wants  to  improve  his  stock  and  be 
up  to  date  must  not  fail  to  attend  this  sale. 

COL.  G.  W.  CRAWFORD,  Prop.,  Newark,  Ohio 

Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
at  farmers'  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1 , 
Middiefield,  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
On  I'onna.  h’.lv.  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown ,  O, 

For  Sale— $500— Beautiful  Bay  5- 

year  Registered  Morgan  Stallion 

Madison  Square  Garden  last  month.  Great  Stock 
Horse.  Cheap  at  $2,500.  A  money  maker.  JOHN 
F.  PEARSON,  62  Myrtle  Avenue,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


3DAIRY  CATTLE 


Young 


...WE  HAVE  A  FEW... 


BULLS  FOR  SALE 

THAT  ARE  READY  FOR  SERVICE. 

THEY  ARE  FROM  ADVANCED  REGISTRY 
DAMS,  AND  BY  ONE  OP  THE  BEST  SIRES 
OF  THE  HOLST  El  N-FRIESIAN  BREED. 
WE  ARE  SHORT  OF  ROOM  AND  WILL 
MAKE  PRICES  ON  THESE  FELLOWS 
THAT  WILL  SURELY  MOVE  THEM. 

Write  for  Pedigrees  and  Prices. 

IV  OODCREST  FARM 

RIFT  ON,  /Vo  V. 


KftHOLSTEINS 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somerville  N.  J. 

UOLSTEINS— 10  heifers  and  2  bulls,  3  to  4  weeks  old, 
*■  15-lCtli  pure,  well  marked  and  from  heavy  milk¬ 
ers,  $15.00  each,  crated  for  shipment.  One  yearling 
bull,  $45.00.  Edgewood  Farm,  Route  7,  Whitewater,  Wis. 

HOLSTEIN  BULL  CALVES 

ter  Bov,  62720.  for  sale  cheap.  OSWEGO  RIVER 
STOCK  FARMS.  Phoenix.  New  York. 

READY  FOR  SERVICE-^”S^rndyke 

DE  KOL  4TH,  registered  show  Holstein,  born 
Dee.  5,  1910.  Nearly  all  white.  Prize  winner  at 
Fall  Fairs.  Price,  $100  f.  o.  b.  Send  for  pedigree. 
CLOVERDALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 

FOR  <5111  F~33  tuberculin  tested  grade  holstein 

lUil  OHLL  HEIFERS;  1  to  3  years  old:  about  25 
of  them  to  freshen  between  now  and  Spring;  bred 
to  a  pure  bred  Holstein  Bull:  balance  not  bred; 
nicely  marked;  a  fine  lot.  R.  D.  LEE,  Cazenovia, 
Madison  County,  New  York, _ 

LAUREL  FARM 

nomically  turn  farm  produce  into  money— 
JERSEYS,  and  the  swine  that  do  the  same 
thing— BERKSHIRES.  Which  do  YOU  want  ? 
J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 


“  <^>  U  ALI  T  Y” 

FOR  SALE-  THREE  RICHLY  BRED  YOUNG  JERSEY  8ULLS 
DAMS  HAVING  YEARLY  AUTHENTICATED  RECORDS,  as  follows; 

Dam  of  No.  1,  8128.3  lbs.  milk  in  286  days, 

„  testing  527  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 

Dam  of  No.  2,  11265.3  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

testing  701  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 
Dam  of  No.  3,  12840.6  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

testing  803  lbs.  io  oz.  butter 
Write  for  description  ami  prices,  or  come  and  see 
them,  visitors  always  welcome. 

E.  W.  Mosher,  “  KRIGHTSIDE,”  Aurora.  New  York 


Eureka  Stock  Fariu-Sl'SVSIitoS1-! 

years  old.  Chester  White,  Poland  China  and 
Berkshire  Pigs.  Scotch  Collie  Pups  and  a  variety 
Of  poultry.  Send  two-cent  stamp  for  circular. 

KDWAUD  WALTER.  West  Chester,  Pa. 


SWINE 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
*  the  highest  qnality  aud  breeding, 

.  .  .  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.  Y 


GIVEN  Berkshire  or  Duroc  Pig  for  a  few 
**■■*.■■  hours  of  your  time,  stamp  for  parti¬ 
culars.  PENNA,  BERKSHIRE  COMPANY, 
Eannettshnrg, _ Pennsylvania. 

FASHIONABLY  BRED  BERKSHIRES 

A  few  Spring  and  Summer  PIGS  for  sale  at  rea- 
sonable  prices.  Dr.  J.  R.  ALLEN,  Orwell,  N.  Y. 

SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.- {*,„•-} 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  Ju ly ;  late,  toser- 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  W  ill  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON.  Piunrietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 

WANTFfl  TWO  BERKSHIRE  SOWS, 6  months 
TV  nil  I  LU  to  8  months  old:  one  Berkshire  Boar 
Pig,  6  weeks  old;  one  O.  I.  0.  Boar  Pig,  6  weeks 
old.  All  above  to  lie  registered. 

_ P.  O.  Rox  814,  Millerton,  N.  Y. 

I  A  ROE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGlIWOOII— DinHix  farhof  the  pant 
L  live  years  we  have  sold  more  registered  Herkshires  than  any 
other  breeder  In  the  United  States.  This  is  shown  bv  the 
records  of  the  American  Berkshire  Association.  We  have  over 
•ion  registered  Herkshires  ami  Invite  the  closest  Inane,  tion. 
Special  offering  now  of  Service  Boars  at  from  $2.:»  up.  n  <•  aro 
bi  oe«iing  80  young  Sows  that  will  be  sold  showing  sale  with 
pig.  II.  C.  A  II.  11.  IIARPJsNDING,  Du.ndkk,  N.  Y. 

START  RIGHT  gr0uRPAIR 

HIGH-BRED  BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

Bred  for  Utility  of  the  Best  Strains. 

Write  for  particulars. 

CHERRY  HILL  FRUIT  FARM,  Toboso,  Licking  Co.,  Ohio 

DUROCS~Vr ize  winners  and  descended 

,  ,  .  .  .  from  prize  winners  of  the  best 

C  1,,re?'1-  J'erd  l?ns  established.  All  ages 
Male  and  Female  For  Sale.  Pigs,  seiwico  hoars  I  red 

f‘,'imo?peVx7  -.ts  ?"<1  s.?'vs-  Priced  ,0  Sllif  ,lle  ordinary 
farmer.  Write,  describing  what  you  want. 

a.  l.  t 081 ER,  new  Salem,  Fairfield  Co.,  Ohio 

CHELD0N  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  boi  h  sex 

Hied  Sows.  Service  Hoars  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BARNKS.  Oxford,  N.  Y. 

nilRflRJERSEY  service  boars — 2011  ibs. 

B  r  lmrvuduilts.»^lle  BOARS  and  GILTS. 
C.  C.  MILLER,  Route  9,  Decatur,  Ind. 

niiRnn^  the  big’  nEKp  feuows 

HWIIUUO  that  grow  aud  mature  quickly. 
Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa. 

CHESHIRES  The  long,  deep-bodied,  white  bacon  hog; 

; -  Prize  winners  at  State  and  oonntv  fair. 

\V  l-itu  your  wants.  E.  K.  MORSE,  Moravia,  N.  Y. 

f|  I  f?  ~ Tllrce  four-months’  Boars,  100  lbs.  each, 

o  1  11  .v,  MSIOench;  registered,  $11.  Valley  View 
Branch,  Maple  Glen  Poultry  Farm,  Millor-ton,  N.Y. 

CflD  C  Al  C— 2?  Chester  White  Boars,  weight 

FUn  wHLb  2-5  lbs.  each.  These  young lU  ars 
are  sired  by  Sunny  Jim.  No.  15625.  the  greatest 
Chester  White  sire  of  to-day.  Everyone  a  perfect 
individual.  Price  $25.06  each,  if  ordered  at  once. 

_  „  heart’s  relight  farm 

L.  E.  Hamilton,  Mgr.,  Chazy,  New  York, 

n  I  P  >q  OF  SUPERIOR  QUALITY— Aug.  &  Sept.  Pigs, 
,  ",  0  pairs  and  trios,  not  akin.  Registered  in 

buyer  s  name.  Fred  Nickel,  Monroe,  Mich.,  R.  No.  1. 

Reg.  Chinas,  Berkshires,  C.  Whites. 

Fine,  large  strains;  all  ages,  mated 
not  akin.  Bred  sows  service  Boars, 
Jersey  and  Holstein  Calves.  Collie 
Pups,  Beagles  and  Poultry.  Write  for 
prices  ii  circulars.  Hamilton  &  Co.,  Ercildoun  Pa. 

*  -*■-*-  '*--*•■*■****♦■■»■■»■**»-  f 

[BELTED  HAMPSHIRE  SWINEl 

4  WELL  MARKED  PIGS  t 

j  CHAS.  STEWART  DAVISON  ► 

|  60  Wall  St .j  New  York  City 


SHEE 


C  I  V  Registered  Shropshire  Ewe  Lambs,  $6  each. 
OIA  E.  £.  STEVENS  &  SON,  Wilson,  N.  Y. 


Uogs  and  Ferrets 


FERRETS  FOR  SALE-™6  fov  pricelis< 


DeKleine  Bros., 


and  catalogue,  its  free. 
Jamestown,  Michigan. 


FFRFFT^  F0R  SALE— Choice  stock.  Order  atonce 
■  Liiui_io  while  the  supply  lasts.  Prices— $3  per 
single  male,  $4  per  single  female,  $38  per  doz.  Send 
orders  to  K  E  E FE  R  BROTHERS,  Greenwich,  Ohio. 

Pm  I  IF  Pll  DQ-From  imported  stock.  Females 

UULLIL  I  Ul  O  cheap.  Nelson  Bros.  Grove  City.  Pa. 


3DA.IHY  CATTLE 


Milk  Prndlirpr?  f°r  New  York  City  market 
luim  riUUUterN  desjvjng  information  how  to 

torni  branches  of  tlie  Dairymen’s  League,  write  to 
She  Secretary,  Albert  Manning  Otisville.  N.  Y. 

Breed  Up— Not  Down~Je.T’„“"i,Sl’S 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  It.  F. 
SHANNON,  967  Liberty  Street.  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


FAR  9AI  F— registered  jerseys— cow? 
I  UIl  OHLL  HEIFERS  and  young  bulls 

large  selection;  blue  ribbon  winners:  won  in  butte 
see  Uiem.  Full  particulars  c 

DAVID  WALLACE,  Supt.  Rumsonhill  Farm,  Fairhaven,  N.  . 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN  ASS’N, 


Purebred  Registered 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

Though  they  hold  all  butter  and  milk  records  both 
in  actual  quantity  and  in  economy  of  production, 
still  they  are  an  all  round  breed.  When  properly 
fattened,  their  beef  can  be  distinguished  from  Short¬ 
horns’  only  by  an  expert. 

Strong  and  healthy,  they  thrive  on  coarse  food  and  do 
well  in  any  climate;  they  breed  regularly  and  have  calves 
that  are  easily  reared.  Under  modern  conditions  they 

make  good  in  every  respect. 

Send  lor  Free  Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets. 
They  contain  •valuable  information  for  any  Dairy¬ 
man. 

F.  L.  HOUGHTON,  Sec’y,  Box  105,  Brattleboro,  Vt. 


1224 

The  Henyard. 

The  Hen  Contest. 

We  will  close  the  year  with  the  record 
brought  up  to  December  1.  For  the  in¬ 
formation  of  newer  readers  we  will  state 
that  on  March  1  Mr.  W.  J.  Doug.m,  of 
New  Jersey,  put  10  White  Wyandottes 
in  one  house  and  10  White  Leghorns  in 
mother,  both  lots  with  suitable  males. 
He  was  to  keep  an  exact  locord  of  all 
feed  given  and  all  eggs  laid.  He  "ras  at 
liberty  to  do  what  he  saw  fit  with  the 
eggs — sell  them  for  what  he  could  get 
for  eating  purposes  or  hatch  what  he 
could  and  sell  the  birds  at  meat  prices. 
The  object  was  to  see  what  10  hens  of 
fair  quality  would  earn  in  one  year.  Up 
to  October  1  the  Wyandottes  had  laid 
935  eggs,  at  a  food  cost  of  $7.70.  Mr. 
Dougan  now  sends  the  record  of  eggs 
and  food  to  December  1 : 

RECORD  OF  10  WYANDOTTES  FOR  OCTOBER. 

During  the  mouth  they  have  consumed, 
or  have  left  in  hoppers : 

18  lbs.  oats  at  $1.40  per  bag . 25 

25  1bs.com  at  $1.60  per  cwt . 40 

3  lbs.  wheat  bran  at  $1.50  per  cwt..  .05 

.70 

During  the  month  they  laid  61  eggs, 
eight  of  which  were  sold  at  45  cents  per 
dozen. 

NOVEMBER. 

'During  the  month  they  consumed,  or 
have  left  in  hoppers  : 

26%  lbs.  corn  at  $1.67  per  cwt . 

6%  lbs.  mixed  feed  at  $1.60  per  cwt 
5  lbs.  wheat  bran  at  $1.55  per  cwt 

4  lbs.  beef  scraps  at  $2.83  per  cwt 

lbs.  oats  at  $1.45  per  cwt . 


THE;  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


12 


.44 

.12 

.08 

.11 

.17 


.92 

During  the  month  they  laid  40  eggs, 
which  were  sold  for  45  cents  per  dozen. 

Thus  these  10  Wyandottes  laid  in  the 
nine  months,  to  December  1,  1,036  eggs 
at  a  food  cost  of  $9.32.  This  is  no 
startling  record,  but  it  is  fact. 

RECORD  OF  10  LEGHORNS. 

Up  to  October  1  the  Leghorns  laid 
983  eggs  at  a  food  cost  of  $6.71.  Now 
we  have  these  additional  records : 

October. 

During  the  month  they  consumed,  or 
have  left  in  hoppers: 

18  lbs.  oats  at  $1.40  er  bag . 2o 

26  1bs.com  at  $1.60  per  cwt . 42 

3  lbs.  wheat  bran  at  $1.50  per  cwt. .  .05 

.72 

They  laid  44  eggs,  one  of  which  was  sold 
at  45'  cents  per  dozen.  The  others  were 
used  in  incubators. 

NOVEMBER. 

During  the  month  they  consumed,  or 
have  left  in  hoppers : 

26%  lbs.  corn  at  $1.67  per  cwt . 44 

6%  lbs.  mixed  feed  at  $1.60  per  cwt. .  .12 

4  lbs.  bran  at  $1.55  per  cwt . 06 

2  lbs.  beef  scraps  at  $2.83  per  cwt. .  .05 

12  lbs.  oats  at  $1.45  per  bag . 17 

.84 

During  the  month  they  laid  three  eggs 
which  were  sold  at  45  cents  per  dozen. 

In  the  nine  months,  therefore,  those 
10  hens  have  laid  1,030  eggs  at  a  food 
cost  of  $8.27.  Here  you  may  have  the 
record  for  nine  months  at  a  glance: 

Wyandottes  Leghorns 

Eggs  per  hen . 103.6  103. 

Feed  cost  per  hen  .93  cents  .83  cents 

Feed  cost  per  egg  .89  cent  .SO  cent 

One  hen  one  day.  .034  cent  .03  cent 

Feed  cost  per  dozen  10.6  cents  9.6  cents 

And  now  what  of  the  income?  Mr. 
Dougan  has  a  private  trade  for  eggs  at 
45  cents  per  dozen.  He  planned  to  use 
every  suitable  egg  for  hatching,  on  the 
theory  that  a  broiler  would  give  greater 
profit  than  an  egg.  He  has  now  stopped 
hatching,  however,  and  will  sell  all  eggs 
to  March  1,  so  as  to  have  no  young 
chicks  on  which  to  estimate.  Up  to  July 
20,  409  Wyandotte  eggs  had  been  set. 
At  that  time  192  had  been  hatched,  of 
which  46  had  died.  The  cost  of  feeding 
these  chicks  to  that  date  was  $11.11. 
Since  then  Mr.  Dougan  makes  the  fol¬ 
lowing  hatching  report  for  the  Wyan¬ 
dottes,  on  October  20: 

The  Wyandotte  Chicks. 

i  herewith  submit  report  of  the  White 
Wyandotte  chicks  since  July  20,  date  of 
my  last  report.  Since  then  we  set  eggs 
as'  follows : 


I  have  sold  40  head,  with  total  weight 
of  103%  pounds,  for  $21.87.  We  have 

lost  34  from  causes  unknown,  which  must 
be  taken  from  the  total  number,  as  I  am 
unable  to  state  which  hatchings  they  were 
from.  Therefore  we  now  have  248  chicks 
of  all  ages  on  hand.  The  feed  consumed, 
or  left  on  hand,  or  in  hoppers,  consists  of : 

9%  cracked  corn  at  $1.55  per  cwt... $12.82 

8  mixed  feed  at  $1.50  per  cwt .  12.00 

5  wheat  bran  at  $1.40  per  cwt _  7.00 

5  beef  scraps  at  $2.75  per  cwt.  .  .  .  13.75 

4  wheat  screenings  at  $1.45  per  cwt  5.S0 

4  grit  at  55  cents  per  cwt .  2.20 

2  oyster  shells  at  75  cents  per  cwt.  1.50 

1  chick  food  at  $2.30  per  cwt .  2.30 

6  bags  oats  at  $1.30  per  bag .  7.80 


July  4 . . 
July  12.. 
July  27.. 
August  2 
August  8 
August  18 
August  30 
September 


October  3 . 
October  16. 
October  26. 


Set 

Hatched 

Lost 

Gained 

16 

10 

o 

O 

7 

18 

8 

10 

50 

27 

7 

20 

25 

12 

4 

8 

35 

23 

6 

17 

68 

41 

9 

32 

32 

15 

4 

11 

62 

33 

4 

28 

31 

11 

3 

8 

23 

12 

2 

10 

45 

15 

9 

6 

27 

17 

3 

14 

12 

6 

o 

o 

3 

I  . . . 

.  . .  174 

Total  . $65.17 

The  young  of  this  breed  have  laid  four 
eggs. 

Figured  in  the  same  way  on  July  20, 
the  Leghorns  had  a  record  of  398  eggs 
eggs  set,  with  206  hatched  and  43  lost. 
These  chicks  had  eaten  $8.01  worth  of 
food.  Now  follows  the  record  down  to 
October  20: 

I  herewith  submit  report  of  the  Leghorn 
chicks  from  July  20,  to  date : 


June  29 . 

Set 

60 

Hatched 

29 

Lost 

2 

Gained 

27 

July  4 . 

43 

15 

S 

7 

July  12 . 

o 

o 

1 

2 

July  27 . 

82 

20 

6 

20 

August  2 .  .  .  . 

35 

21 

4 

17 

August  8.  .  .  . 

25 

13 

3 

10 

August  18.  .  .  . 

66 

35 

7 

28 

August  30 ...  . 

29 

17 

7 

10 

September  9 . 

62 

37 

7 

30 

September  16. 

20 

6 

2 

4 

September  22. 

20 

10 

2 

8 

October  3. . . 

36 

14 

7 

7 

October  16... 

23 

10 

4 

6 

October  26 . . . 

8 

7 

2 

5 

Total  gain  .  181 

We  have  sold  100  young  Leghorns,  with 
total  weight  of  166  pounds  :  96  pounds  sold 
at  18  cents  per  pound  and  70  pounds  at 
12%  cents  per  pound,  or  a  total  of  $26.03. 
Wo  have  used,  or  have  left  on  hand,  or  in 
hoppers : 

Cwt.  of 

8  cracked  corn  at  $1.55  per  cwt _ $12  40 

5  bags  oats  at  $1.30  per  bag .  6.50 

7  mixed  feed  at  $1.50  per  cwt .  10.50 

3  wheat  screenings  at  $1.45  per  cwt.  4.35 

4  wheat  bran  at  81.40  per  cwt .  5  60 

3  beef  scraps  at  $2.75  per  cwt .  8.25 

3  grit  at  55  cents  per  cwt .  1  65 

1  oyster  shells  at  75  cents  per  cwt. .  .75 

1  chick  food  at  $2.30  per  cwt .  2  30 


Total . $52.30 

Since  last  report  we  have  lost  from 
deaths  11,  so  you  can  see  that  we  have 
230  of  all  ages  on  hand,  and  have  stopped 
hatching  from  contest  eggs.  The  young 
Leghorns  have  laid  305  eggs  which  were 
sold  at  45  cents.  w.  j.  dougan. 

_  It  is  not  possible  to  tell  what  the  finan¬ 
cial  outcome  will  be  until  the  last  chicks 
are  sold  on  March  1.  We  see  that  ;.p  to 
the.  date  given  the  10  Wyandottes  and 
their  chicks  consumed  $85.60  worth  of 
food;  the  Leghorns  $68.55.  Later  we 
can  analyze  these  figures  and  state  the 
cost  of  an  egg  and  a  chick  under  such 
conditions.  It  seems  evident  that  the 
Wyandotte  chicks,  being  larger,  will 
bring  more  money  at  meat  prices.  The 
hens  also  continue  laying  longer.  On 
the  other  Hand,  the  Leghorns  mature 
earlier  nd  the  pullets  have  made  a  fair 
record  of  eggs.  It  would  take  a  “sport” 
to  tell  which  side  will  be  ahead  in  finan¬ 
cial  returns  by  March  1.  You  will  see 
that  these  records  are  poor,  both  for 
laying  and  hatching. 


Judging  Utility  Fowls. 

I  suppose  that  the  poultrymen  who  write 
to  The  R.  N.-Y.  keep  purebred  stock.  At 
the  Connecticut  State  Fair  a  premium  was 
offered  for  the  best  utility  male  and  female 
in  specified  classes.  I  would  like  the  opin¬ 
ion  of  some  of  The  R.  N.-Y.’s  hen  men  on 
what  standard  they  would  judge  a  utility 
fowl.  My  stock  is  utility  White  Wyan¬ 
dottes,  lacking  the  much  admired  Standard 
shape,  but  are  great  layers  and  make  good 
in  every  other  way.  L.  B. 

Berlin,  Conn. 

“What  constitutes  the  standard  by  which 
we  mav  judge  a  utility  fowl?"  is  a  question 
that  is  troubling  many  poultrymen  and 
judges,  and  will  continue  to  do  so  until 
the  business  hen  is  given  equal  consid¬ 
eration  with  her  “fancy”  sister.  In  seek¬ 
ing  to  make  the  show  hen  a  “thing  of 
beauty”  our  fanciers  have  gone  to  far  from 
natural  standards,  and  now  there  is  a  de¬ 
mand  to  get  back  to  some  type  that  will 
both  admit  of  heavy  layers  and  prize  win¬ 
ners.  In  a  local  poultry  show  held  in  the 
past  year  most  of  our  patrons  were  farmers 
and  consequently  keepers  of  business  hens 
only.  Our  judge  was  instructed  to  bear  in 
mind  the  utility  points  of  the  competing 
birds  and  give  preference  accordingly.  This 
did  not  mean  that  he  should  disregard  either 
the  Standard  shape  or  color.  It  did  mean 
though  that  he  should  consider  the  appar¬ 
ent  fitness  of  such  birds  for  laying  or  mar¬ 
ket  according  to  what  they  had  been  bred 
for.  It  did  mean  that  a  bright  comb  and 
wattles  more  than  balanced  a  freak  colored 
feather  in  a  white  bird.  It  did  mean  that 
activity  and  a  width  between  the  hips  and 
pelvic  bones,  providing  plenty  of  “boiler 
room”  for  turning  out  eggs,  counted  for 
more  in  a  Leghorn  than  mere  symmetry  of 
form  or  “chalk  whiteness”  of  plumage.  In 
fact,  in  the  utility  bird  we  look  for  consti¬ 
tution,  as  shown  by  a  wide  breast,  strong 
legs  and  an  ample  frame ;  for  good  blood 
circulation  as  shown  by  a  bright  comb, 
face  and  wattles  and  a  tendency  to  keep  in 
motion  and  active ;  for  breeding  powers  as 
shown  by  wide  hips  and  pelvic  bones  and 
wide-awake  appearance.  The  exact  shape 
of  the  bird  of  course  depends  on  what  it 
has  been  bred  for,  eggs  or  meat.  Of  course 
for  each  breed  there  must  be  some  definite 


standard,  but  in  the  case  given  of  White 
Wyandottes,  an  egg-laying  strain  and  one 
bred  for  market  purposes  may  easily  vary 
in  shape  and  activity.  The  utility  idea,  as 
I  understand  it.  is  not  to  upset  the  present 
standard  of  beauty  and  symmetry,  but 
rather  to  allow  for  points  known  to  indicate 
usefulness,  and  to  give  them  preference  in 
judging.  Fowls  may  be  without  fancy  lines, 
as  you  say,  all  right  for  your  purpose — to 
make  eggs  and  meat,  but  what  we  want  to 
find  out  when  we  judge  them  by  a  utility 
standard  is  whether  they  look  as  if  they 
could  boat  their  competitors  at  laying, 
making  meat,  and  getting  birds  like  them. 
They  must  have  some  uniformity  of  shape 
and  coloring  to  be  sure  whether  or  not  it 
happens  to  be  the  much  “admired  Standard 
shape.”  If  the  later  shape  is  the  kind  that 
when  bred  to  will  “make  good  in  every 
other  respect,”  its  the  shape  for  you  to 
breed  to  and  win  with.  r.  b. 


How  would  I  judge  fowls  for  utility? 
This  is  a  difficult  question  to  answer,  and  it 
Is  safe  to  say  that  the  correct  solution  of 
this  problem  will  not  be  arrived  at  for  sev¬ 
eral  years,  and  that  it  can  only  be  deter¬ 
mined  by  a  thorough  and  systematic  series 
of  experiments,  aided  by  the  most  intelligent 
thought  and  discussion  that  it  is  possible 
to  secure  upon  the  subject.  This  discussion 
brings  up  the  old  question  of  selecting  the 
layers  by  the  different  secret  systems.  What 
Is  the  egg  type,  the  best  meat  type,  and  the 
best  general  purpose  fowl,  all  things  con¬ 
sidered?  It  is  perhaps  needless  to  state 
that  these  questions  are  all  being  studied 
by  our  State  experiment  stations  and  bv 
private  investigators  with  the  idea  in  mind 
of  bringing  the  poultry  industry  down  to  a 
solid,  scientific  and  practical  basis,  instead 
of  allowing  fancy  plumage  and  arbitrary 
shapes  to  govern  the  awards  on  utility 
stock  at  our  poultry  shows,  and  direct  the 
policies  of  our  best  breeders  which  is  the 
case  at  the  present  time.  It  is  a  fact  that 
some  varieties  of  fowls  have  been  prac¬ 
tically  ruined  for  egg  production  bv  breed¬ 
ing  them  extremely  short  in  body  and  neck. 
My  opinion  of  a  utility  standard  is  that 
there  should  be  one  for  egg  producers  and 
one  for  meat  producers,  neither  of  which 
should  in  any  way  interfere  with  the  pres¬ 
ent  standard  of  perfection  for  fancy  poul¬ 
try. 

Taking  up  the  details  of  a  standard  for 
layers  first,  color  should  not  be  taken  into 
consideration  at  all.  In  size,  a  good  layer 
may  weigh  four  to  eight  or  even  nine 
pounds.  Only  very  small  birds  and  ex¬ 
tremely  large  ones  should  be  discarded  for 
size.  The  egg  type  should  be  described  in 
detail,  giving  special  prominence  to  length 
of  body,  neck,  together  with  broad  back 
and  strong  constitutional  vigor.  Bright 
eyes,  broad,  well-shaped  heads  and  large 
combs  are  also  required  for  extra  heavy 
layers.  The  free  ends  of  the  pelvic  bones 
should  be  wide  apart  in  both  male  and  fe¬ 
male.  The  best  judge  in  the  world,  how¬ 
ever,  cannot  tell  how  many  eggs  a  hen 
will  lay  in  a  year  by  simply  looking  at  her 
and  handling  her.  Therefore,  each  hen 
shown  in  the  laying  class  should  be  ac¬ 
companied  by  her  individual  egg  record  for 
one  year.  This  record  is  just  as  important 
with  laying  hens  as  a  milk  and  butter  rec¬ 
ord  is  with  dairy  cows. 

The  utility  standard  of  fowls  for  meat 
production  should  take  into  consideration 
the  size,  shape  and  vigor  of  the  birds  for 
this  purpose,  together  with  their  tendency 
toward  early  maturity  and  economical 
growth.  These  points  are  all  fairly  easy 
to  compare ;  but  there  are  many’  other 
points  which  science  has  yet  to  teach  us 
how  to  use  in  this  comparatively  new  art 
of  judging  poultry  according  to’  its  value 
when  considered  from  the  standpoint  of 
greatest  production.  c.  s.  G. 


Hen  Manure  as  a  Fertilizer. 

I  have  read  many  articles  on  hen  manure, 
how  to  keep,  etc.,  but  none  seem  to  give 
me  the  information  I  desire.  I  wish  to 
store  it  when  cleaned  from  the  houses 
daily,  for  use  on  crops  in  the  Spring.  What 
are  the  best  ingredients  to  mix  with  it 
for  a  proper  fertilizer  for  garden  truck  and 
wheat?  Last  year  we  spread  it  on  a  field 
of  Alfalfa,  and  wherever  it  was  spread  the 
Alfalfa  was  burned  or  killed  outright,  but 
where  the  manure  did  not  touch  we  har¬ 
vested  three  crops  of  fine  hay.  The  ground 
in  the  garden  where  it  was  used  was  hard 
and  unproductive,  although  our  soil  is  a 
fine  loam,  easily  worked  and  has  grown 
fine  crops  for  years.  a.  r. 

This  question  is  discussed  in  “The  Busi¬ 
ness  Men,”  but  there  are  a  dozen  ways  of 
operating.  A  simple  and  effective  way  is  to 
scrape  up  the  manure  frequently  and  keep 
it  in  barrels  dusted  over  with  gypsum  or 
land  plaster.  Use  enough  of  the  plaster 
to  whiten  the  manure  thoroughly.  This 
will  dry  it  into  hard  chunks.  During  late 
Winter  or  Spring  crush  or  grind  these 
chunks,  and  if  possible  sift  the  crushed 
manure  through  a  screen.  Then  mix  with 
chemicals.  A  good  mixture  for  general  use 
would  be  1,000  pounds  crushed  manure,  100 
pounds  nitrate  of  soda,  200  pounds  sul¬ 
phate  of  potash  and  600  pounds  acid  phos¬ 
phate.  Many  other  combinations  can  be 
used  but  this  one  would  give  results  on 
most  crops. 


Grease  for  Lice. — Tell  your  poultry 
keepers  that  a  very  effective  remedy  for 
mites  is  to  take  any  waste  grease  which 
is  always  to  be  had  from  the  kitchen  and 
apply  warm  to  the  roosts.  This  fills  the 
cracks  and  kills  the  occupants  and  leaves 
no  chance  for  newcomers.  Disinfectants 
can  be  added.  This  is  also  good  appliel  to 
the  skin  around  the  vent  for  the  big  lice, 
and  can  be  done  without  soiling  the  feathers 
by  using  a  machine  oil  can.  Do  not  use 
disinfectant  when  using  on  birds  as  it  is 
likely  to  burn.  W.  H.  J. 

Malden.  Mass. 


December  23, 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


FREE 


SUCCESSFUL 
Poultry  Lessons 


— to  Every  New  Customer 

SEND  A  POSTAL.  Get  Gilcrest’a  big 
book  FREE  and  also  his  facts  about  his 
SUCCESSFUL  Poultry  Lessons  given  to 
buyers  of 

Successful  'brooders* 

Blurt  right  for  biggest  profits.  Write  to  ■  *  O  Dp 

Des  Moines  Incubator  Co.(  90  Second  St. ,  Des  Molnes.ia. 

TNniRATinN-0«r  hot  water  custom  hatcli- 
lULUimnm  jng  p]ant  was  so  successful 
last  season  that  we  have  doubled  our  capacity, 
which  is  now  over  200,000  eggs.  Last  year  wo  had 
to  turn  away  over  1,000  eggs  a  day  for  a  period  of  4 
months,  as  our  Incubator  was  full.  Over  80  per 
cent  of  our  last  year’s  customers  have  already  en¬ 
gaged  space  in  our  Incubator  for  the  coming  sea¬ 
son.  Don’t  be  among  the  disappointed — engage 
your  space  now.  Our  Incubator  starts  on  Jan.  2d. 
Write  for  prices  and  information  any  way 
MAPLE  GLEN  POULTRY  FARM 
Millerton,  New  York 

S.  C.  W.  LEGHORNS 

Hatching  Eggs  from  selected  yearling  breeders. 
Choice  breeding  stock  at  reasonable  prices.  250 
acres  devoted  to  Leghorns  of  exceptional  quality 
and  vigor.  Send  for  circular.  JIT.  PLEASANT 
FARM,  Box  Y,  Havre  de  Grace,  Md. 

rnnn  Sln2'0'Combed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 
•  J  (J  U  U  Plymouth  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
.  Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 

right  prices.  Yearlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  best  selections.  Largest  success 
ful  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 

SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  and  Cock¬ 
erels;  any  quantity  at  attractive  prices;  bred-to-lay 
kind. _ SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Fleminpton,  N.  J. 

inn  YEARLING  WHITE  LEGHORN  HENS 

IUU  and  Pullets — White  Orpingtons,  White  Ply. 
Rocks,  Rhode  Island  Reds.  E.  G,  TUCKER. 
Jefferson  County,  Philadelphia,  N.  Y. 

S,  C.  WHITE  LEeHORNS'S'SaT”" 

erels  for  breeding.  Price  right  for  quality. 

WHITE  &  KICK,  YORKTOWN,  N.  Y. 

S.C.  WHITE  LEGHORN SlgSkd]  ?in”i 

true  Leghorn  type  and  from  the  heavy  laying 
“Sterling”  strain.  200  grand  utility  cockerels,  some 
good  enough  to  exhibit.  100  two-year  old  hens.  Write 
us.  W.  STERLING  &  SONS.  Cutchogue,  N.  Y. 

SO  \KI  LEGHORN  PULLETS,  one  and  two  year  old. 

■  UiVVi  Hens,  Cocks  and  Cockerels.  Ckoico 
stock.  John  P.  Case  &  Sons,  Clover  Hill,  N.  J. 

FOR  SALE— Carefully  selected,  large,  vigorous  March 
hatched  S.  C.  White  Leghorn  Cockerels,  direct 
Corning;  strain.  $2.50  apiece.  Orders  for  25  or 
more,  $2.25.  The  Endicott  Farm,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

CPFnm  f BARRED  ROCKS  AND  PARTRIDGE  COCHINS 

LUIHL  j  pujiets  $2.00,  Cockerels  $3.00  to  $5.00. 
nCCCD  I  Some  good  enough  for  exhibition. 
UrrCIl  (.and  all  good  utility  stock. 

MINCH  BROS.,  Route  3,  Bridgeton,  N.  j. 

ARRED  ROCKS,  Runner  Ducks,  Toulouse  Geese. 
Bred-to-lay  strains.  Nelson’s,  Grove  City,  Pa. 


B 


KEAN’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTES 

Extra  fine  Cockerels  ready  for  service,  $3.00  each. 
Pullets,  $2.00  each.  Guaranteed  to  satisfy  the  most 
fastidious.  Also  Choice  Indian  Runner  Drakes, 
$2.00  each.  E.  FRANKLIN  KEAN,  Stanley,  N.Y. 


Hone’s  Rose  Comb  Reds  and  Large,  vigorous  util- 

Mammoth  Bronze  TURKEYS  bfrds^bred^rombe^ 
selected  layers;  also  choice  yearling  breeders  at 
reasonable  prices,  quality  considered.  All  birds 
shipped  on  approval. 

0.  R.  HONE,  Crescent  Hill  Farm,  Sharon  Sprinos,  N  Y. 

Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

Higli-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  May  return  at  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  602  Fifth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

THE  FARMER'S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 

Van  Alstyne’s  Reds  and  Orpingtons 

A  few  fine  Cockerels  for  sale  at  $3.00  each,  if  taken  at 
once.  Edw.  van  Alstynk  &  Son,  Kindorhook,  N.Y. 

BLACK  OBPINGT 0 

Will  make  excellent  breeders  and  show  birds.  All 
stock  guaranteed  and  sent  on  approval.  Prices 
reasonable.  F.  F.  ANDREW,  Philadelphia,  Jeff.  Co.,  N.  Y. 

MAMMOTH  Rekin  Dncks  and  Drakes,  $2  each. 
lYInllllYIU  I  II  Fifteen  White  Wyandotte  Yearling 
Hens,  one  cock,  $20.  Rupracht  Bros.,  Pulaski,  N.Y. 

White  Holland  T irkeirJJMssMiSJ 

breeding;  hundreds  of  unsolicited  testimonials 
from  all  parts  of  U.  8.  Early  orders  for  best 
prices.  H.  W.  ANDERSON,  Stewartstown,  Pa. 

GIANT  BRONZE  TURKEYS  RCR  1  Rei 


Pullets.  Grand  Stock 

H.  J,  VAN  DYKK, 


Cockerels  and 
at  Farmers’  prices. 

GETTYSBURG,  l’a. 


Best  white  Holland  turkeys,  white  Wyandotte  cock 

erels  and  Toulouse  Geese,  for  sale.  Prices  low  fox- 

quality.  1:.  SCHIEBElt,  RFD3,  Bucyrus, O. 

On  EGGS  $1.00— leading  vai’ieties,  52  bx-eeds.  Prize  Poul- 
L U  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  free.  I^irgo  illus. 
tx-ated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa- 

00111  TPYMPII- Send  2c  stamp  for  Illustrated 
■  WUU  I  n  I  men  Catalog  describing  35  varieties. 

EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS  MARIETTA,  PA. 

MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  dii-ect  from  lai-gest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Pi-oducts.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1841 

R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill, N.Y'. 


Make  Your  Hens  Lay 


QO°^, 


Send  for  and  read  our  book  on  feeding  raw  bone.  Rich  In  protein  and  all  other 
egg  elements.  Get  twice  the  eggs,  more  fertile  eggs,  vigorous  chicks,  earlier 
broilers,  heavier  fowls,  bigger  profits. 

MANN’S  LATEbSJne°cDutLtEr  10  DAYS’  FREE  TRIAL  £>  ™5£i 

.1  Makes  bone-eutting  simple,  easy,  rapid.  Try  it  and  see.  Open  hopper,  auto- 
matiofeed.  Cutsallbone  wlthadheringmeatandgrlstle.  Neverclogs.  Don’t 

buy  until  you  try.  Book  free.  F.  W.  MANN  CO.,  Box  1!$  ,  Milford,  Mass. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


1226 


FEEDING  PROBLEMS. 

Under  this  heading  we  endeavor  to  give  advice 
and  suggestions  about  feeding  mixtures  of  grains 
and  fodders.  No  detinite  rules  are  given,  but  the 
advice  is  based  upon  experience  and  average 
analyses  of  foods.  By  ‘-protein”  is  meant  the 
elements  in  the  food  which  go  to  make  muscle  or 
lean  meat.  “Carbohydrates”  comprise  the  starch, 
sugar,  etc.,  which  make  fat  and  provide  fuel  for 
the  body,  while  “fat”  is  the  pure  oil  found  in 
foods.  Dry  matter”  means  the  weight  of  actual 
food  left  in  fodder  or  grain  when  all  the  water  is 
driven  off.  A  “narrow  ration”  means  one  in  which 
the  proportion  of  protein  to  carbohydrates  is  close 
—a  “wide”  ration  means  one  which  shows  a  larger 
proportion  of  carbohydrates. 

Milk  Ration. 

I  have  the  following  to  feed  14  cows.  I 
only  have  12  cows  now.  About  nine  loads 
of  stubble  hay,  fodder  from  22  acres  of 
corn,  about  three  acres  of  beets,  1%  acres 
rutabagas,  250  bushels  of  oats,  which  I 
want  to  save  for  the  horses  ;  1,200  or  1,500 
bushels  of  corn.  I  buy  gluten  and  bran.  At 
present  I  am  mixing  100  pounds  gluten,  100 
pounds  cornmeal,  100  pounds  bran,  and 
giving  each  cow  about  six  quarts  of  this 
mixture  for  day.  Am  I  feeding  enougn 
gluten?  I  want  to  make  milk.  They  also 
get  beets  or  rutabagas,  fodder  and  hay. 
Out  of  these  feeding  materials  please  give 
me  a  good  milk  ration  for  the  cows.  Make 
the  instructions  very  simple,  so  that  I  may 
know  the  amount  of  the  various  feeds  for 
each  cow.  j.  e.  s. 

Pennsylvania. 

You  seem  to  be  feeding  a  very  good  ra¬ 
tion,  and  I  do  not  know  that  I  could  im¬ 
prove  it  any  without  knowing  all  the  con¬ 
ditions  under  which  you  are  working.  \rour 
corn  “fodder”  is  probably  cornstalks  with 
the  ears  husked  out.  As  you  probably  know, 
this  makes  rather  poor  feed  for  a  cow 
unless  it  is  cut  or  shredded.  It  always  pays 
to  do  this  except  when  feeding  the  corn 
green  early  in  the  season.  Your  beets  and 
turnips  should  also  be  cut  into  small  pieces 
and  fed  after  each  milking  for  succulence. 

I  would  prefer  mixing  150  pounds  of  wheat 
bran  with  100  pounds  each  of  gluten  and 
cornmeal  for  the  grain  mixture.  A  good 
rule  to  go  by  if  your  cows  are  fresh  or 
nearly  so  is  one  pound  of  grain  to  each 
two  and  a  half  or  three  pounds  of  milk 
produced.  c.  s.  o. 

Balanced  Ration. 

Please  give  me  a  balanced  ration  for  cow, 
weight  800  pounds.  It  is  to  be  composed  of 
wheat  bran,  shorts,  cotton-seed  meal,  corn 
hearts,  cotton-seed  hulls  and  Alfalfa  hay. 

Texas.  D.  B.  c. 

The  feeding  stuffs  mentioned  should  be 
fed  in  the  following  proportions  for  a  bal¬ 
anced  ration  : 

Digestible  nutrients. 


would  not  advise  feeding  both  the  wet 
grains  and  stale  bread  at  the  same  time, 
but  a  little  cornmeal  should  be  mixed  with 
either  one  for  pigs  after  they  are  eight  or 
10  weeks  old,  gradually  increasing  the  corn¬ 
meal  until  during  the  fatening  period,  when 
you  are  finishing  the  pigs  for  market  about 
four-fifths  of  their  feed  may  be  composed 
of  cornmeal.  By  marketing  your  pigs 
when  they  are  nine  months  old  or  less  you 
should  be  able  to  make  a  fair  profit  with 
this  system  of  feeding.  c.  s.  a. 

Another  Milk  Ration. 

Please  compound  a  balanced  ration  for 
me  out  of  the  following  feeds :  Eureka 
silage,  mixed  Timothy  and  Red-top  hay, 
dried  brew-ers’  grains,  cotton-seed  and  gluten 
and  a  small  amount  of  cut  cornstalks. 

New  York.  a.  w. 

From  the  feeds  mentioned  I  have  com¬ 
pounded  the  following  ration,  which  will 
prove  very  satisfactory  for  the  purpose  of 
milk  production  : 

Digest- 


5  lbs.  dried  brew¬ 
ers’  grains.... 
2  lbs.  cotton-seed 

meal  . 

1  lb.  gluten  feed. . 


Dry 

ible 

Carb. 

Matter.  Protein. 

&  Fat. 

7.35 

.315 

4.515 

10.45 

.406 

5.55 

4.60 

1.040 

2.190 

1.84 

.744 

.888 

.90 

.  232 

.699 

25.14 

5.06. 

2.737 

13.842 

a  small 

amount 

of  the 

Feeding  Stuffs.  matter. 

Protein. 

and  fat. 

2  lbs. 

Alfalfa _ 11.04 

1.32 

5.076 

2  lbs. 

wheat  bran.  1.76 

.244 

.906 

2  lbs. 

shorts  ....  1.76 

.256 

1.214 

4  lbs. 

corn  hearts.  3.56 

.30 

2.82 

1  lb. 

cotton-seed 

meal 

.372 

.444 

8  lbs. 

cottonseed 

hulls 

.084 

2.916 

26.16 

2.576 

13.376 

Nutritive  ratio . 

If  your  cow  is  not  large  enough,  or  does 
not  give  milk  enough  to  require  the  amount 
of  feed  in  this  formula,  you  can  easily  re¬ 
duce  the  quantity,  keeping  the  proportions 
the  same.  c.  s.  g. 

Feeding  for  Milk  and  Cream. 

Will  you  make  out  a  balanced  ration 
from  the  following  for  milk  and  cream? 
Roughage,  silage  not  very  well  eared,  and 
Japanese  millet  hay.  I  give  you  a  list  of 
the  grains  sold  in  this  vicinity  and  prices. 

Maine.  g.  c.  t. 

Considering  the  cost  of  the  feeding  stuffs 
available  in  your  locality  I  have  selected 
the  following  combination,  which  contains 
practically  all  of  the  essential  elements  for 
a  balanced  ration  : 

Dry  Digestible  Carb. 

Matter.  Protein,  and  fat 

35  lbs.  silage . 7.35  .315  4.515 

10  lbs.  millet  hay . 9.2  .45  5.16 

4  lbs.  dried  distillers’ 

grains  . 3.68  .992  2.208 

2  lbs.  cotton-seed  meal  1.84  .744  888 

2  lbs.  cornmeal . 1.78  .158  1.528 


cut  cornstalks  you  can  use  them  up  by  sub¬ 
stituting  them  for  the  mixed  hay  occasion¬ 
ally.  The  silage  should  be  divided  into  two 
feeds  and  fed  twice  a  day  with  the  proper 
proportion  of  grain  mixture  after  milking. 
The  hay  and  cornstalks  should  always  be 
fed  at  noon.  c.  s.  g. 

Want  of  Balance. 

IIow  can  I  use  to  the  best  advantage  the 
following  food  stuffs  iu  ration  for  cows  fed 
for  producing  milk  ?  I  have  on  hand  silage, 
dried  barley  grains,  distillers’  grains,  beet 
pulp,  gluten  feed  and  mixed  hay.  I  would 
like  to  know  what  makes  my  cows  hungry 
after  straw.  They  will  leave  their  feed  and 
eat  straw.  I  have  seen  them  eat  three 
sheaves  of  straw  apiece  and  leave  their 
grain.  I  have  fed  them  all  the  grain  they 
would  eat  all  Summer.  They  would  eat 
the  straw  the  same  on  grass  as  they  ao 
now.  E.  H.  B. 

New  York. 

You  have  simply  been  overfeeding  your 
cows  without  giving  them  the  various  feed¬ 
ing  stuffs  in  the  proper  quantities.  You 
must  bear  in  mind  that  the  way  a  cow  is 
fed,  that  is,  the  judgment  used  by  the  feeder 
in  regard  to  the  manner  in  which  the  feed 
is  prepared  and  placed  before  the  animals, 
the  time  of  feeding,  amount  of  feed  and 
the  care  the  cows  receive,  have  just  as 
much  to  do  with  the  results  obtained  as 
what  you  feed.  In  the  first  place,  cows 
must  be  kept  comfortable.  They  must  be 
well  bedded  and  cared  for,  feeding  regularly 
according  to  conditions  and  requirements. 
Plenty  of  fresh  water  and  salt  should  be 
provided  every  day.  I  would  suggest  the 
following  formula  for  a  balanced  ration : 
35  pounds  silage,  12  pounds  mixed  hay, 
five  pounds  dried  brewers’  grains  or  four 
pounds  dried  distillers’  grains,  three  pounds 
gluten  feed,  three  pounds  dried  beet  pulp. 

Grain  with  Home-grown  Fodder. 

With  hay  (mixed),  cornstalks  (cut  in  z/2 
inch  lengths)  and  corn-and-cob  meal  as  the 
home-grown  stuff,  what  should  be  bought  to 
make  an  economical  balanced  ration  for 
cows?  About  what  quantity  of  these  vari¬ 
ous  things  should  be  fed  in  a  day?  What 
Government  bulletins  give  understandable 
information  on  making  up  balanced  rations 
for  cows?  b.  d.  p. 

Digest- 

Dry  iblo  Carb. 

„  .  Matter.  Protein.  &  Fat. 

12  lbs.  mixed  hay. . .  10.45  .506  5.55 
10  lbs.  cut  corn  stover  6.00  .17  3.4 

2  lbs.  corn-and-cob 

0  .  1-70  .088  1.33 

3  lbs.  dried  distill- 

^  °^s’!  5r^ins' •  ••  2-76  *744  1-656 

4  lbs.  dried  beet  pulp  3.744  .272  2.616 

3  lbs.  cotton-seed 

meal  .  2.76  1.116  1.332 


23.85  2.659  14.599 

Nutritive  ratio  1  :5.5. 

The  above  formula  is  intended  for  a  cow 
weighing  about  1,000  pounds  and  giving  12 
to  15  quarts  of  milk  per  day.  The  silage 
should  be  divided  into  two  feeds  and  al¬ 
ways  fed  after  milking,  morning  and  even¬ 
ing.  The  grain  is  also  divided  into  two 
feeds  for  morning  and  evening,  but  may  be 
fed  when  most  convenient  either  before  or 
after  milking.  The  millet  hay  is-  usually 
fed  at  noon,  all  the  cows  will  eat  up  fairly 
clean.  In  feeding  cows,  as  with  other 
classes  of  producing  animals,  it  should  be 
remembered  that  a  cow  must  support  her 
own  bodily  functions  before  any  of  the 
food  consumed  can  be  used  for*  the  pro¬ 
duction  of  milk ;  therefore  profit  can  only 
come  from  the  extra  feed  which  a  cow 
may  be  induced  to  eat  and  digest  over  and 
above  a  maintenance  ration.  This  is  the 
reason  that  it  pays  to  feed  cows  well  if  it 
pays  to  keep  them  at  all.  Good  feeding, 
good  breeding  and  good  care  all  go  together 
and  one  is  as  necessary  as  the  other  for 
the  profitable  production  of  milk.  c.  s.  G. 

Ration  for  Fattening  Hogs. 

I  want  a  cheap  feed  for  growing  and 
fattening  hogs.  Would  stale  bread  from 
bakeries  in  New  York  at  $20  per  ton, 
wet  brewers’  grains  and  cornmeal,  ground 
in  our  feed  mill,  make  a  good  and  cheap 
ration?  h.  h.  b. 

To  grow  and  fatten  pigs  profitably  job 
will  require  a  good  pasture  of  clover,  Al¬ 
falfa,  barley  and  rape,  or  something  of  thi« 
kind,  as  pigs  can  be  grown  much  more 
cheaply  during  the  Summer  season  when 
such  feed  can  be  grown  in  abundance  on 
the  average  farm.  Spring  pigs  will  there¬ 
fore  be  found  much  more  profitable  than 
Fall  pigs  unless  you  are  unusually  well 
supplied  with  cheap  Winter  feed  like  waste 
fruit,  pumpkins  and  other  vegetables  which 
may  be  boiled  and  mixed  with  grain,  thu» 
forming  a  very  satisfactory  ration  for  pig* 
of  all  ages.  I  would  prefer  the  stale  bread 
at  $20  per  ton  rather  than  the  wet  brewer*’ 
grains  unless  you  live  very  near  the  brewery 
and  can  buy  the  grains  at  an  extremely  low 
price.  I  have  fed  large  quantities  of  «tale 
bread  with  very  satisfactory  results.  1 


..  .  .  27.414  2.896  15.884 

Nutritive  ratio,  1  :5.5. 

This  ration  is  enough  for  a  cow  weighing 
aoout  1,100  pounds  and  giving  15  quarts  of 
milk  or  more  per  day.  If  you  have  smaller 
cows,  or  if  they  are  giving  less  milk,  the 
amount  of  feed  should  be  decreased  accord- 
ingly.  Of  course,  this  formula  calls  for  a 
rather  heavy  expenditure  for  grain,  but  this 
cannot  bo  helped  as  your  home-grown  feeds 
furnish  neither  succulence  or  protein  in  suf¬ 
ficient  quantities,  and  both  of  these  are  very 
necessary  in  a  ration  for  milk  production. 
Do  not  feed  any  cornmeal  or  cotton-seed 
meal  to  cows  -within  two  months  of  parturi¬ 
tion  or  during  the  first  two  weeks  thereafter, 
ca,,se  serious  loss  on  account 
of  their  heating  effects.  In  starting  a  fresh 
cow  on  heavy  feed  always  begin  very  grad¬ 
ually  and  increase  slowly  after  the  cow  has 
fully  recovered  her  normal  condition.  The 
best  buReJin  I  know  of  on  balanced  rations 

Ithaca,  kk.  ”  03  by  C°rM"(.  S,tat„ion' 

K,*  O.  U. 


SILOS 


Harder  Silos,  recognized  as  the  standard  because  of  their 

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Used  by  U.  S.  Govt.  A  silo  to  suit  every  purse.  Catalog  free. 

l.  HARDER  MFG.  C0„  Box  11,  Cobleskill.  N.  Y. 


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BUFF  ROCK  PULLETS,  Cockerels,  Hens  and  Cocks. 

Large,  healthy,  vigorous  stock.  Grand  size  and 
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507  ACRE  FARM-!12. “mP*  fromthebeaTiti' 

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Madison  Co.;  ’o  mile  from  milk  station:  well 
!  e?od  buildings;  about  200  acres  will  raise 
Alfalfa:  a  bargain.  Several  other  farms  to  offer. 
K.  D.  LEE,  Oazenovia,  Madison  Co.,  N.  Y. 


Borrow  My  New  Mill 


Clean  and  Grade 
Your  Grain  FREE! 

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all  your  grain.  Then  take  your/  ft 
time  in  paying  me  my  low/ dij. 
price,  or  send  mill  back  at 
my  expense. 

Chatham  Mill  actually  grades  and 
cleans  75  seed  mixtures  —  Oats, 
Wheat,  Corn,  Barley,  Flax,  Clover, 
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Buckhorn  from  Clover.  Sorts  Corn  for  edge-drop 
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CHATHAM 
Grain  Grader, 
Cleaner  and 


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Detroit— Kansas  City— Minneapolis 


“NEW  MODERN”  CARRIERS 

(Litter-Feed-Platform)  and  “New  Wtodern,p  Stanchions 

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READ  WHAT  OUR  PATRONS  SAY  : 
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Send  rough  sketch  of  your  barn  layout  and  we  will  make 
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Write  now  for  our  nezu  free  Catalog 

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44  Everything  for  the  Barn pp 


ACORNS  IN  YOUR  COW  STABLE 


INCREASE  MILK 
FLOW 


Install 

the  Acorn  Pat 
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will  cover  the  cost  in  less  than 
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automatic,  self-regulating  water  bowl  on 
the  market. 

To  take  your  stock  from  the  warm  stable  in  stormy  weather 
to  drink  ice-water  will  materially  reduce  the  flow  and  quality  of  the 
milk.  One  Acorn  Cowbowl  will  do  for  two  cows.  The  Acorn  can  be 
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top  or  rear;  regulating  disk  prevents  sick  animals  from  drinking,  when  de-  ’ 
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405  Jefferson  Avenue  West  Detroit,  Michigan 


OU  buy  only  once  in  a  lifetime  if  it  is  a 
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below  roof  is  dipped  in  pure  creosote  oil  preservative.  Many 


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CREAMERY  PACKAGE  MFG.  COMPANY 
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CHOICE  VIRGINIA  FARMS mmSik 


THE 


C.  &  O,  Ry — As  Low  As  $15,00  Per  Acre 

Fertile  10  acre  (adjoining)  tracts  of  land,  suitable  for  poultry,  truck  and  fruit,  near  Railway 
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full  description  of  broad  tracts  for  alfalfa,  corn,  and  other  grains  and  grasses.  Abundant  rainfall — 
excellent  markets — delightful  climate.  Low  excursion  rates  and  booklet  free.  Address  : 

K.  T.  CRAWLEY,  Industrial  Agent,  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railway,  Richmond,  Va.  Box  A.T- 


WANT  I*  n — ^arm  (New  York  preferred),  in  good  condition, 
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Delaware  Valley.  New  catalogue 
Horace  G.  Reeder,  Newtown,  Pa. 


FARM  ^*or  Sale— Six  miles  Fruitland,  Md.  175  acres.  Grows 
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B.F.D.  Owner  sells  direct.  Write  James  K.  Fields,  Fruitland,  Md. 

HUDSON  VALLEY  FARMS 

erties  in  the  Hudson  River  Valley  for  sale.  Prices 
less  than  buildings  are  worth.  Write  for  informa¬ 
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Farm  of  160  Acres_SSL™1,°S  £2 

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SOUTHERN  LAND  DEVELOPMENT  COMPANY 
Deportment  12,  Laurens,  South  Carolina 


Prof.  Beery  s  Grand 

Horse-Trainer’s  Prospectus 

Every  horse  owner  should  ■■  ■■  Bi  ■ 

get  this  book  from  Prof.  Jesse  L  fig  L  ¥ 

Beery,  King  of  Horse  Trainers  1  fl  L  _ 

and  Horse  Tamers.  All  who  m  m  ™ 

love  horses  should  learn  the  secret  of  subduing 
and  controlling  balky,  tricky,  scary,  vicious 
horses  without  the  use^  of  whips,  curb  bits  and 
other  cruel  devices.  Every  man  who  is  looking 
fora  profession  that  pays  $1,200  to  $3,000  a  year 
at  home  or  traveling  should  learn  how 
hundreds  are  making  big 
money  as  professional; 

Horse  Trainers  with  the 
aid  of  Prof.  Beery’s  won- 
derful  system.  Aram  a 

Emmett  White,  of  Kalona,  Colt  in 

Iowa,  writes:  “I  would  not  >||Cr  Q  Unn,c  | 
take  $500  for  what  you  have  s>  n  LA  LI  lb  . 

taught  me.  You  may  judge  of  my  success  when  I  tell 
you  that  I  havo  been  able  to  buy  a  home  and  an  auto  • 
mobile  solely  through  earning*  as  taught  by  you1’ 
excellent  methods.  I  am  proud  of  my  profession.” 

A.  L.  Dickenson.  Friendship.  N.  Y.,  writes:  “  I  am 
working  a  pair  of  horses  that  cleaned  out  several  dif¬ 
ferent  men.  I  got  them  and  gave  them  a  few  lessons 
and  have  been  offered  $100  for  the  pair.  I  bought 
them  for  $110.” 

Better  write  today  to  make  sure  of  the  grand  free 
Horse  Trainer’s  Prospectus.  Tell  mo  all  about  your 
horse.  Address  (23) 

PROF.  JESSE  BEERY.  Box  57A,  PLEASANT  HILL,  OHIO 


Kendalls  Spavin  Cure 


The  old.  reliable  remedy  you  can  dc-  | 
pend  oa  for  Spavin,  Curb,  Solint, 
Ringbone  or  lameness.  Thou¬ 
sands  have  proved  it  invaluable. 
Get  a  bottle  from  your  druggist. 
Price  per  bottle  $1.  6  for  $5.  ‘  ‘Treat, 
ise  on  the  Horse”  Free  at  drug¬ 
gist  or  from  Dr.  B.  J.  KENDALL  CO., 
_ Enoshurg  Falls,  Vt,,  U.  S.  A. 


1220 


<TZ1K  RURAL  NKW-VORKIEa 


December  20 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 

Publisher’s  Desk  wishes  its  friends  a 
Merry  Christmas.  We  hope  that  no 
friend  of  ours  will  become  a  dupe  to 
schemers  during  the  coming  year,  and 
that  peace,  prosperity  and  happiness 
may  be  the  lot  of  each  and  all  during 
the  year  to  come. 

OUR  LITTLE  BOOK, 
HIND-SIGHTS, 

is  now  going  out  every  day.  We  are 
sending  it  with  our  compliments  in  ac¬ 
knowledgment  of  subscriptions  as  they 
come  in.  It  is  a  book  you  will  need  to 
keep.  Pick  it  up  and  refer  to  different 
chapters  frequently.  It  is  indexed  so 
that  you  can  find  what  you  want  readily. 
There  are  14  chapters,  as  follows : 

Seed  Trade  Tricks. 

Tricks  of  the  Tree  Agent. 

The  Hen  Business. 

Live  Stock  Frauds. 

The  Dairyman’s  Danger. 

Commission  Men’s  Tricks. 

Real  Estate  Games. 

Wall  Street  and  Its  Methods. 

Stock  Investment  Pits. 

Co-operative  Fakes. 

The  Tress  As  An  Implement  of  Rogues. 

Horse  Trickery. 

The  Book  Agent’s  Tricks. 

Swindlers  of  All  Sorts. 

Under  these  headings  you  will  find  an 
example  of  every  kind  of  fraud  or  swin¬ 
dle  that  is  worked  on  confiding  people. 
We  hope  it  will  be  *be  means  of  saving 
our  friends  some  money.  Of  one  thing 
we  are  sure,  it  will  not  meet  the  hearty 
approval  of  any  crook. 

A  few  days  ago  I  received  word  from  the 
Adams  Express  Company  that  a  voucher  for 
$15  was  at  my  station  to  pay  for  the  crate 
of  eggs  that  were  never  delivered  to  the 
New  York  commission  house  during  the 
strike.  I  wish  to  thank  you  for  what  you 
did  in  my  behalf.  J.-M. 

New  York. 

Conditions  varied  greatly  during  the 
strike  last  Fall.  In  some  cases  the  ex¬ 
press  companies  were  unable  to  make 
deliveries  or  to  move  the  shipments 
after  reaching  Jersey  City.  They  were 
perhaps  covered  by  larger  cases  and 
had  deteriorated  in  value  so  that 
nothing  was  realized  upon  them.  In 
other  cases  they  disposed  of  the  ship¬ 
ments  at  regular  prices,  and  when  this 
was  proved  we  had  little  trouble  in  get¬ 
ting  an  adjustment.  We  have  not  been 
successful  in  all  cases  filed  with  us,  but 
have  realized  on  a  number  of  claims 
where  circumstances  favored  the  ship¬ 
per. 

Would  you  advise  a  farmer  to  invest  in 
the  stock  of  the  Delaware  Apple  Company, 
Dover,  Del.?  The  inclosed  paper  contains 
the  list  of  directors.  w.  f. 

New  York. 

No;  we  would  advise  nothing  of  the 
kind.  Imposing  boards  of  directors 
have  no  terror  for  us  except  to  make  us 
suspicious  if  the  individuals  should  hap¬ 
pen  to  have  honorary  titles.  Apple  or¬ 
chards  are  all.  right  for  people  who  put 
their  own  money  into  them  and  care  for 
them,  but  a  get-rich-quick  scheme  based 
on  the  apple  as  an  innocent  implement 
of  allurement  is  no  better  because  of  its 
name  than  many  other  speculative  ven¬ 
tures.  We  hope  the  distinguished  gen¬ 
tlemen  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the 
Delaware  Apple  Company  will  have 
great  success  in  growing  apples.  We 
just  as  earnestly  hope  that  our  farmer 
friends  will  allow  the  directors  the 
privilege  of  financing  their  own  hazard. 

What  do  you  know  about  this  adver¬ 
tisement?  Wc  are  getting  male  calves  from 
a  valuable  bull  and  want  to  know  if  this 
is  true.  subscriber. 

Pennsylvania. 

The  advertisement  comes  from  Flor¬ 
ida.  The  advertiser  claims  he  is  able 
to  control  sex  at  will.  He  guarantees 
it.  You  just  send  him  $2  for  his  pam¬ 
phlet  giving  you  the  secret,  and  he  will 
do  the  rest.  If  you  do  not  succeed  he 
promises  to  return  the  $2,  but  we  would 
not  like  to  guarantee  that  you  would 
ever  see  the  $2  again.  Do  not  give  cred¬ 
ence  to  such  fakes. 

A  representative  of  the  M.  M.  Fenner 
Company,  Fredonia,  N.  Y.,  brought  his  rem¬ 
edies  to  my  house,  and  asked  my  wife  to 
try  them,  saying  if  the  medicine  did  not 
suit  her  he  would  remove  it.  Later  he 
called  and  my  wife  asked  him  to  take  It 
away  which  he  refused  to  do.  The  next 
step  was  the  receipt  of  the  inclosed  bill 
for  $1.50.  I  shall  not  pay  it,  and  if  you 
can  use  it  to  save  others  it  may  be  worth 
while.  x.  M.  p. 

New  Y'ork. 

We  have  had  similar  complaints  from 
this  concern  before.  The  only  safe  way 
is  to  positively  refuse  to  let  them  de¬ 
liver  the  medicines  at  your  house.  If 
they  persist  and  you  have  no  means  at 
hand  to  repel  them,  throw  the  bottles 
after  them  into  the  road,  and  leave  them 
there.  If  you  are  not  sick  you  need  no 
medicine ;  if  you  are  sick,  consult  a  local 
physician.  Do  not  depend  on  worthless 
nostrums  if  your  future  health  is  in 
danger. 


I  have  received  from  the  Adams  Express 
Co.  $15  in  settlement  for  the  case  of  eggs 
sent  November  1,  1910.  I  am  greatly 
obliged  to  you  for  your  assistance  in  secur¬ 
ing  this  adjustment.  I  could  only  get  an 
offer  of  $0.20  from  them  myself,  and  this 
looks  like  an  880  per  cent  dividend  from 
my  subscription  to  The  R.  N.-Y.  c.  h.  w. 

New  Y'ork. 

The  subscriber  tried  for  five  months 
to  get  an  adjustment  before  sending  this 
complaint  to  us.  It  took  six  weeks  for 
us  to  convince  them  that  they  owed  the 
shipper  for  the  full  amount  of  the  claim. 

The  agent  at  Verbank  called  me  on  the 
'phone  last  Saturday  and  said  to  come 
down  and  ho  would  settle  with  me.  lie 
did  so,  but  had  it  not  been  for  you  I 
would  never  have  received  one  cent. 

New  York.  w.  J.  T. 

This  refers  to  a  bottle  of  skunk  oil 
valued  at  $4  on  which  the  subscriber 
paid  25  cents  express  charge.  The  bottle 
was  never  delivered.  The  subscriber  fol¬ 
lowed  it  up  for  a  time  with  no  result, 
and  finally  referred  it  to  us.  Just  a  year 
after  the  shipment  was  made  we  re¬ 
ceived  word  that  settlement  had  fol¬ 
lowed  our  efforts. 

I  will  give  you  my  experience  with  the 
Corry  Hide  &  Fur  Company  last  Winter. 
I  sent  them  the  following  lot  of  furs 
(ordering  them  to  hold  separate  subject 
to  my  approval  of  their  returns)  :  Rats, 
138 ;  minks,  three ;  ’coons,  two.  In  about 
two  weeks  from  date  of  shipment  (having 
written  them  again)  I  received  returns  and 
check  for  $34.  I  immediately  enclosed  this 
check  in  a  letter,  mailed  it  and  ordered 
the  furs  returned ;  after  waiting  another 
week  or  two  I  received  a  letter  from  them 
saying  they  did  not  like  to  send  the  furs 
back,  and  wished  me  to  state  my  lowest 
price,  which  was  $61.  I  finally  wrote  them 
that  by  advice  of  counsel  I  demand  the 
return  of  the  furs  within  three  days — 
and  the  furs  came  back.  I  sold  the  self¬ 
same  lot  to  a  Syracuse  dealer  for  $64.10. 
They  took  out  six  rats  for  express  one  way, 
$1.20,  so  the  express  both  ways  cost  me 
an  even  $3.  In  30  years’  experience  as  a 
fur  buyer  this  is  the  worst  I  have  known. 

Wishing  “Fur  News  Magazine”  all  kinds 
of  success  in  exposing  rank  conditions,  I 
am,  Yours  truly, 

Lewis  Co.,  N.  Y.  E.  A.  Sheppard. 

The  above  is  copied  from  the  “Fur 
News  Magazine,”  and  confirms  the  ex¬ 
periences  of  other  shippers  that  we  have 
reported  during  the  past  two  years ;  only 
in  the  case  of  our  people  the  skins  were 
not  returned  as  requested  but  disposed 
of,  and  the  shippers  were  helpless. 

Enclosed  find  bill  for  goods  shipped  last 
Spring  to  J.  B.  Evans  &  Co.,  Bluffton,  Ind. 
Can  you  do  anything  towards  collecting 
same?  l.  c.  n. 

Pennsylvania. 

We  were  unable  to  get  a  settlement  of 
this  account.  The  subscriber  shipped  a 
small  order  of  nursery  stock  last  Spring 
amounting  to  $2.25,  but  was  unable  to 
get  any  reply  or  adjustment.  We  were 
equally  unsuccessful.  Any  firm  who 
shows  no  disposition  to  adjust  a  little 
account  of  this  kind  should  not  look  for 
shipments  from  our  people. 

I  enclose  a  contract  of  the  American 
Literary  and  Musical  Association  with 
which  I  had  dealings,  and  lost  all  that 
I  invested  and  expenses  besides.  The  trick 
in  this  case  was  the  getting  of  $25  for 
“security  deposit”  in  advance  and  then 
making  the  work  so  difficult  that  it  would 
be  impossible  for  the  agent  to  fulfill  the 
contract  to  the  letter.  You  will  note  that 
the  contract  provides  that  the  general 
agent  must  appoint  20  local  agents  each 
month,  collecting  $5  from  each  before  the 
general  agent  is  entitled  to  his  pay,  so 
that  the  general  agent  must  first  deposit 
$25  and  then  $100  for  20  agents,  and  all 
of  these  propositions  are  frauds  pure  and 
simple.  w.  l. 

Iowa. 

This  is  what  we  have  so  often  defined 
as  buying  the  right  to  fake  your  neigh¬ 
bors.  It  is  a  sort  of  endless  chain  ar¬ 
rangement.  First  you  are  faked  out  of 
$25,  then  you  fake  others  out  of  $5  each, 
and  each  of  these  is  expected  to  fake 
their  neighbors  out  of  something  more. 
If  you  accept  the  contract  they  have  the 
legal  right  to  hold  you  to  it. 

An  investigation  of  the  Everglades  of 
Florida  is  to  be  undertaken  by  Chairman 
Moss  of  the  House  Committee  on  Expendi¬ 
tures  in  the  Agricultural  Department.  Con¬ 
gressman  E.  R.  Bathriek  of  Ohio  at  the 
request  of  constituents  who  purchased 
Everglades  land,  leads  in  the  demand  for 
an  investigation.  In  the  last  three  years 
between  50.000  and  75,000  residents  of 
various  States  have  purchased  Everglades 
lands,  with  a  view  of  locating  in  Florida. 
Many  of  these  assert  that  the  State  has 
not  fulfilled  its  contract  to  drain  the 
Everglades,  and  are  demanding  restitution. 
— Daily  Paper. 

It  is  time  something  was  done  to 
check  the  land  promoters  of  these  Ever¬ 
glade  schemes.  People  who  never  see 
the  land  and  have  no  knowledge  of 
what  it  is  are  induced  to  buy  lots  by 
mail  and  make  payments  on  them.  The 
Everglades  are  great  forests  of  saw 
grass  and  for  the  most  part  covered 
with  water.  The  State  is  digging  three 
great  ditches  to  drain  the  lands,  but 
before  it  can  be  cultivated  the  land  must 
be  cleared  of  the  weeds  and  lateral 
drains  dug  to  carry  off  the  water.  Even 
then  much  of  it  is  a  sandy,  infertile 
bottom,  and  not  capable  of  producing 
crops  as  stated  by  the  promoters.  If  a 
man  has  money  to  live  on,  he  can  spend 


a  pleasant  month  or  two  in  Florida  dur¬ 
ing  the  Winter.  If  he  goes  there  with 
money  he  can  buy  good  land,  but  it  is 
no  place  for  a  poor  man  to  go  in  the 
hope  of  getting  rich ;  and  we  have  never 
known  a  promotion  scheme  there  that 
a  man  could  afford  to  invest  a  dollar  in; 
and  j^et  thousands  of  dollars  are  going 
there  every  year.  Again  we  advise,  do 
not  buy  any  Florida  land  by  mail.  See 
it  before  you  put  your  money  into  it. 

J.  J-  D- 


Sweeny. 

I  have  a  three-year-old  colt  that  was 
sweenied  last  July.  I  have  used  various 
remedies,  such  as  bathing  with  soap  lini¬ 
ment  and  other  irritants,  but  the  shoulder 
has  only  partly  filled  up.  What  would  you 
advise  me  to  do?  G.  v. 

New  Jersey. 

Rub  the  wasted  parts  once  daily  with  a 
mixture  of  equal  parts  of  turpentine  until 
the  skin  becomes  irritated ;  then  stop  for 
a  time,  but  go  on  with  the  treatment  as 
soon  as  the  state  of  the  skin  will  allow. 

A.  S.  A. 

Thoroughpin. 

I  have  a  four-year-old  colt,  and  he  has 
what  I  have  been  told  is  a  thoroughpin 
puff.  I  have  been  told  nothing  can  be  done 
for  it.  He  cost  me  $215.  It  is  in  his  hind 
leg ;  in  the  hock.  He  is  not  lame.  What 
can  I  do  for  it?  R.  h.  r. 

A  thoroughpin  is  practically  incurable, 
and  so  long  as  it  does  not  cause  lameness 
should  be  let  alone.  If  at  any  time  lame¬ 
ness  is  present  clip  off  the  hair  and  blister 
the  hock  repeatedly  with  cerate  of  can- 
tharides  at  intervals  of  three  or  four  week*. 
If  you  must  give  treatment,  let  it  be  by  a 
truss  or  compress  to  cause  pressure  upon 
the  part.  a.  s.  a. 

Stunting  a  Terrier. 

What  will  stunt  the  growth  of  a  fox 
terrier?  a.  b. 

New  Jersey. 

One  cannot  add  a  cubit  to  his  stature, 
nor  accelerate  or  retard  the  growth  of  a 
fox  terrier  by  special  means ;  but  starva¬ 
tion  and  excess  of  exercise  may  tend  to 
prevent  the  normal  development  of  the 

?up,  while  a  good  boarding  place  and  fine 
riends  may  lead  to  full  and  plump  develop¬ 
ment.  A  fox  terrier  is  an  energetic,  stren¬ 
uous  sort  of  dog,  and  should  live  an  outdoor 
existence,  so  far  as  possible — and  away  from 
cats  I  a.  s.  a. 

Lampas;  Hemiplegia. 

1.  I  have  a  colt  that  is  running  in  pas¬ 
ture  and  gets  five  quarts  of  oats  a  day, 
but  will  not  fatten.  I  can  see  nothing 
wrong,  only  he  has  the  lampas.  I  cut 
them  three  times  but  they  did  not  go  away. 
Please  tell  me  what  to  do  for  the  lampas 
and  to  put  the  horse  in  shape.  2.  I  have 
a  12-year-old  horse  that  has  bad  wind.  I 
was  plowing  in  July ;  all  at  once  he  started 
to  wheeze  or  roar.  I  gave  1  ounce  tincture 
of  iron,  one  ounce  tincture  of  gentian,  to 
12  ounces  water,  a  tablespoon  down  his 
throat  three  times  a  day.  It  helped  him 
some.  I  went  to  a  veterinarian.  He  gave 
me  some  liniment  and  a  blister  to  put  on 
his  throat,  and  charged  me  $3.  His  treat¬ 
ment  did  no  good ;  the  whole  trouble  is  in 
the  throat ;  he  is  not  wind-broken.  What 
can  I  do,  and  how  can  I  make  a  good 
blister?  J.  w. 

Pennsylvania. 

1.  Lampas  (“lampers”)  is  not  a  disease, 
but  merely  a  swollen  condition  of  the  bars 
of  the  hard  palate,  in  sympathy  with  swell¬ 
ing  and  inflammation  of  the  gums,  induced 
by  teething  irritation.  The  swelling  should 
never  be  cut  or  burned.  Doing  so  adds  to 
the  trouble  and  makes  difficult  mastication 
temporarily  impossible.  Have  the  gums 
lanced,  where  necessary  over  incoming 
teeth,  and  have  sharp  points  and  milk  tooth 
crowns  removed  by  a  veterinary  dentist. 
Allow  colt  some  ears  of  hard  corn  to  chew 
on  to  help  the  incoming  teeth  to  cut 
through.  Swab  the  mouth  with  strong 
alum  water  if  still  inflamed  and  sore.  2. 
“Roaring”  (laryngeal  hemiplegia)  is  incur¬ 
able  by  treatment,  but  a  difficult  and  ex¬ 
pensive  operation  for  the  removal  of  para¬ 
lyzed  cartilages  and  vocal  cords  may  suc¬ 
ceed.  Cerate  of  cantharides,  to  be  bought 
at  any  drug  store,  is  effective  as  a  blister. 

Lameness. 

Four  months  ago  my  horse  picked  up  a 
nail  in  the  middle  of  the  frog  of  the  left 
hind  foot.  He  limped  in  the  foot  occasion¬ 
ally  (I  used  him  for  one  month  in  this 
condition  before  locating  the  trouble),  but 
as  a  rule  went  normally.  I  had  him  ex¬ 
amined  by  experts,  who  pronounced  it  rheu¬ 
matism.  '  Finally,  accidentally,  I  found  a 
nail  deeply  embedded,  as  stated  above.  I 
removed  it  (had  to  cut  in  three-fourths  of 
an  inch  to  get  it),  funnelled  it  out  and 
treated  it  with  turpentine.  He,  after  a  few 
days’  rest,  drove  without  flinching.  Then 
he  went  lame  again.  Again,  after  a  few 
days,  he  was  normal.  He  then  went  lame, 
very  lame,  and  has  been  lame  ever  since,  for 
four  months.  I  had  his  foot  treated  by 
two  veterinarians,  opened  to  the  bottom  of 
the  wound,  washed  regularly,  put  in  flaxseed 
poultices  at  night,  etc.  He  has  been  out 
on  Blue  grass  all  the  time.  There  is  no 
fever,  no  swelling  and  no  soreness  to  the 
touch.  He  is  10  years  old  and  has  never 
been  lame  in  his  life  before.  Walked  on 
his  toe  for  awhile,  but  now  has  flattened 
down  on  his  foot,  but  still  lame.  He  has 
no  gravel.  s.  G. 

Kentucky. 

Deep-seated  inflammation  is  present  and 
it  is  quite  possible  that  a  ringbone  will 
result.  In  some  cases  dead  tissue  in  the 
wound,  or  where  the  nail  penetrated,  are 
covered  by  the  new-grown  hoof  horn  and 
give  rise  to  the  lameness.  In  such  a  case  a 
quittor,  discharging  pus  at  the  coronet 
fhoof  head),  may  break  out  and  have  to  be 
treated  by  curetting,  injection  of  caustics 
and  poulticing.  On  general  principles  we 
would  advise  you  to  clip  the  hair  from  the 
coronet  and  blister  twice  a  month  with  a 
mixture  of  one  dram  of  biniodide  of  mer¬ 
cury  and  two  ounces  of  cerate  of  canthari¬ 
des.  Rub  the  blister  in  for  15  minutes;  tie 
the  horse  up  short  in  the  stall ;  wr.sh  the 
blister  off  in  three  days  and  then  apply  a 
little  lard  dally.  a.  s.  a. 


BOOKS  WORTH  BUYING 


American  Fruit  Culturist,  Thomas. ...  $2.50 


Bush  Fruits,  Card .  1.50 

Principles  of  Fruit  Growing,  Bailey..  1.50 
Successful  Fruit  Culture,  Maynard. . . .  1.00 

Dwarf  Fruit  Trees,  Waugh . 50 

Plums  and  Plum  Culture,  Waugh....  1.50 

Pruning  Book,  Bailey .  1.50 

Nursery  Book,  Bailey .  1.50 

Spraying  of  Plants,  Lodeman .  1.25 

Plant  Breeding,  Bailey .  1.25 

Evolution  of  Our  Native  Fruits,  Bailey  2.00 

Survival  of  The  Unlike,  Bailey .  2.00 

Horticulturists’  Rule  Book,  Bailey....  2.00 

The  Soil,  King . 1.50 

Soils,  Hilgard  . 4.00 

Fertility  of  the  Land,  Roberts .  1.50 

Irrigation  and  Drainage,  King .  1.50 

Fertilizers,  Voorhees  .  1.25 

Agriculture  and  Chemistry,  Storer,  3 

vols .  5.00 

Forage  Crops,  Voorhees .  1.50 

Principles  of  Agriculture,  Bailey . 1.25 

Garden  Making,  Bailey .  1.50 

Vegetable  Gardening,  Bailey .  1.50 

Forcing  Book,  Bailey .  1.25 

How  Crops  Grow,  Johnson .  1.50 

How  Crops  Feed,  Johnson .  1.50 

Cereals  in  America,  Hunt .  1.75 

Fc-^ge  and  Fiber  Crops  in  America, 

Hunt  .  1.75 

Book  of  Alfalfa,  Coburn .  2.00 

Farm  Grasses  in  United  States,  Spill¬ 
man  .  1.00 

Clovers  and  How  to  Grow  Them,  Shaw  1.00 

The  Potato,  Fraser . 75 

Tomato  Culture,  Tracy . 50 

Celery  Culture,  Beattie . 50 

Bean  Culture,  Sevey . 50 

Asparagus,  Hexamer  . 50 

Mushrooms,  Falconer  . 1.00 

New  Rhubarb,  Culture,  Morse . .  .50 

Greenhouse  Construction,  Taft . 1.50 

Greenhouse  Management.  Taft .  1.50 

Our  Insect  Friends  and  Enemies,  Smith  1.50 

Economic  Entomology,  Smith .  2.50 

Law  for  the  American  Farmer,  Green  1.50 

Feeds  and  Feedings,  Henry .  2.25 

A  B  C  of  Bee  Culture,  Root .  1.50 

Feeding  of  Animals,  Jordan . .  1.50 

Feeding  Farm  Animals,  Shaw .  2.00 

Types  and  Breeds  of  Farm  Animals, 

Plumb  .  2.00 

Principles  of  Breeding,  Davenport....  2.50 

Animal  Breeding,  Shaw .  1.50 

The  Study  of  Breeds,  Shaw .  1.50 

Milk  and  Its  Products,  Wing .  1.50 

Milk  Testing,  Van  Slyke . 75 

Practical  Farming,  McLennan  .  1.50 

Diseases  of  Animals,  Mayo .  1.50 

Farmer’s  Veterinary  Adviser,  Law....  3.00 

The  Horse,  Roberts .  1.25 

Hens  for  Profit,  Valentine .  1.50 

Swine  in  America,  Coburn .  2.50 

Sheep  Farming,  Wing .  1.00 

Chrysanthemum  Culture,  Herrington..  .50 

Plant  Culture,  Oliver .  1.50 

The  Rose,  Kingsley .  2.00 

Landscape  Gardening,  Waugh . 50 

How  to  Plan  the  Home  Grounds,  Par¬ 
sons  .  1.00 

Ornamental  Gardening,  Long .  1.50 

The  Small  Country  Place,  Maynard..  1.50 
Hedges,  Windbreaks  and  Shelters, 
Powell . 50 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 

409  PEARL  ST.,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


Three  Excellent  Books 


Swine  in  America  dLfrij?tic°o6Mrn' 


Full 

description  of  breeds, 
methods  of  handling,  diseases,  etc.;  600  pages, 
many  illustrations.  Price . $3.50 


Milk  and  Its  Products  The 

work  on  this  subject;  300  pages 


H.  H. 

stan 
Price. 


it  by  Isaac  P.  Roberts.  In  this 
ie  norse  work  Prof.  Roberts  has  given  a 
wise  history  of  the  various  breeds,  methods 
breaking,  feed  and  general  care;  400  pages; 
,ny  illustrations.  Price . $1.35 


n  These  Books  THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
re  For  Sale  By  409  PEARL  ST.,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


1911. 


1^27  < 


Crops  and  Markets 

Wholesale  Prices  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  December  15,  1911. 


BUTTER 


Creamery,  fancy,  fb . 34  &  .35 

Good  to  Choice .  .31  @  .33 

Lower  Grades . 25  ®  .30 

Storage . 26  ©  .34 

State  Dairy,  Best .  .33  @ 

Common  to  Good . 24  ©  .32 

Factory . 20  @  223 

Packing  Stock . 17  ©  21 


Elgin,  111 ,  butter  market  firm  at  35  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  35  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  35  cents. 

CHEESE 


Full  Cream,  best . 15  @  .16 

Common  to  Good . 12  ©  .14 

Skims. . 06  ©  .13 

EGGS 

White,  good  to  choice . 48  @  .50 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 40  @  .42 

Common  to  Good .  53  @  .38 

Western,  best .  55  @  .40 

Under  grades . 18  ©  .25 

Checks  and  dirties . 14  @  .20 

Storage,  prime .  21  @  .25 

BEANS 

Marrow,  100  lbs . 4.20  ©  4.75 

Medium . . . 3.90  ©  4.20 

Pea .  3.90  @4.25 

Yellow  Eye . 4.10  ©  4.15 

Bed  Kidney . 5.00  ©  5.35 

Lima,  California . 6.50  ©  «.60 

HOPS 

Prime  to  Choice . 54  @  .56 

Common  to  Good .  52  @  .53 

Pacific  Coast . 45  @  .50 

German  Crop,  new . 90  ©  .95 

DUIED  FKU1T8 

Apples,  evap.,  choice,  1911 . 10  ©  .10)6 

Common  to  good . 07  @  .09 

Sun  dried . 06  @  .08 

Chops .  02)6©  .03 

Cherries . 19  ©  221 

Raspberries .  20  @  .27 

FRESH  FRUITS 

Apples— Spy, bbl . 2.00  @  3.50 

Spitzenburg  . 2.00  ©  3.50 

Twenty  Ounce .  2225  ®  3.50 

Ben  Davis .  1.50  @  2  50 

Baldwin .  . 1.50  @3.00 

Greening .  1.60  ©  3.50 

King .  .  2.25  @3.50 

Hubbardston . 1.50  ©  2  50 

York  Imperial .  1.50  @3.00 

Western,  box .  1.25  @  3.00 

Pears,  Kieffer,  bbl . 1.00  ©  3.00 

Cranberries.  Cape  Cod,  bbl . 6.00  @10.25 

Jersey,  bbl . 7.50  ©  8.75 

Grapes.  Concord,  4-lb.  bkt . 11  @  .12 

Catawba . 08  @  .09 

VEGETABLES 

Potatoes— N.  V.  State,  bbl . 2.65  ©  2.80 

Maine,  bag .  2.75  ©  2.90 

Long  Island,  bbl .  3.25  @  3.60 

Foreign,  168-lb.  bag . 2.25  @  2.60 

Bermuda,  bbl . 4.00  @6  00 

8weet  Potatoes,  bbl . 2.00  @  3.60 

Brussels  Sprouts,  qt . 05  @  08 

Beets,  bbl . LOO  ©  1.50 

Carrots,  bbl . 75  @1.25 

Cabbage,  Danish  seed,  ton . 20.00  @25  00 

Domestic  seed,  ton . 14.00  @19.00 

Cauliflowers,  L.  1.,  bbl . . .  1  50  @  6.00 

Cucumbers.  Southern,  bu .  2.00  @  3.25 

Lettuce.  24- bbl.  bkt . 50  ©  1.00 

Onions,  State  and  Western,  100  lbs...  2.00  ©  2.25 

Orange  Co.,  bag . 2.00  @  2.76 

White,  bu .  1.50  @  2.25 

Peppers,  Southern,  carrier .  2.00  @  3.50 

Peas,  Southern,  bu .  3.00  @  5.00 

String  Beans,  bu . 2.00  @  6.00 

Spinach,  bbl . 75  ©  1.00 

Squash.  Marrow,  bbl . 50  @  .75 

Hubbard,  bbl . 60  @  .75 

Turnins.  Rutabaga,  bbl . 90  @  1.00 

White,  bbl .  1.00  @1.25 

Egg  Plants.  Fla.,  box .  2.00  @  3.25 

Tomatoes,  Fla.  Carrier .  1.00  @  3.00 


HOTHOUSE  PRODUCTS 


Cucumbers,  No.  1,  doz .  1.00  ©  1.25 

No.  2,  box .  3.00  @  4.00 

Tomatoes,  lb . 10  @  .25 

Lettuce,  doz . 76  r<$  1.00 

Mushrooms,  lb . 15  @  .30 

Radishes,  100  bunches . 1.50  @  2.00 


LIVE  POULTRY 

Chickens,  lb . 

Fowls . 

Roosters . 

Ducks . 

Geese . 

Turkeys . 

Guineas,  pair . 


.11  © 
.13  @ 
.08  © 
.12  © 
.12  © 
.13  @ 
.40  @ 


.12 

.14 

.0826 

.13 

.13 

.14 

.50 


ORESSED  POULTRY 


Turkeys.  Spring,  best . 23  ©  .24 

Common  to  Good . 14  @  .21 

Chickens,  choice  broilers,  lb . 22  ©  25 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 18  ©  ,21 

Roasters . 15  @  .20 

Fowls .  13  @  jo 

Spring  Ducks,  lb . 16  @  .18 

Geese . 12  @  .15 

8quabs,  doz .  1.50  @  4.50 


COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 

Calves,  prime,  lb . 12  @  .12 

Common  to  good . 09  @  .11 

Buttermilks . 07  @  .0894 

Lambs,  hothouse,  head . 8.00  @11.00 

Roasting  Pigs,  lb . 08  @  .09 

Pork.  Light .  D7)6®  .08)6 

Heavy .  .06)6©  .07 


HAY  AND  STRAW 


Bay.  Timothy  No.  1,  ton . 25.00  @  26.00 

No.  2 . 23.00  @  24.00 

No.  3 . 20.00  ©  21.00 

Clover  Mixed . 19.00  ©  24  00 

Clover . 20.00  @  24.00 

Straw,  Rye . 17.00  ©  18.50 

Oat  and  Wheat . 10.00  ©  11.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 4.75  @  6.40 

Oxen . 3.20  ©  6.10 

Cows .  1.75  ©  5.00 

Calves,  Prime  Veal,  100  lbs . 7.00  @10.00 

Culls .  1.90  @  4.75 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 2.00  ©  4.00 

Lambs .  5.00  ©  6.40 

Hogs . 5.25  @  6.50 


GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1,  Northern  Spring . 1.12  ©  ... 

No. 2,  Red . 97  @  ... 

No.  2  Hard  Winter .  1.06  @  ... 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 54  @  .64 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 50  @  .55 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 95  ©  I97 

Barley,  choice .  1.15  @  1.25 


MILL  FEED— CAB  LOTS 


Spring  Bran.ton .  26.00  ©  27.00 

Standard  Middlings .  27.60  ©  30.00 

Red  Dog . 31.00  @  32.00 

Hominy  Chop .  29.00  ©  30.20 

Linseed  Meal .  39.00  @  39.50 

Corn  Meal . 31.00  ©  32.00 


COTTON 

New  York  Middling  Upland .  9.45 


Middling  Gulf .  9.70 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling .  8.40 

Good  Middling .  [9.60 


THE  RURAL) 

Fall  Grain  Sowings. 

The  Government  report  gives  the  area 
sown  in  Winter  wheat  for  next  year’s  crop 
as  32,213,000  acres,  about  1.3  per  cent 
less  than  one  year  ago.  Rye  sowings  total 
about  2,436,000  acres,  a  trifle  in  excess  of 
last  year.  The  average  condition  of  the 
wheat  plant  on  December  1  was  86.6  per 
cent  of  normal.  States  running  very  high 
in  condition  are :  Arizona,  100 ;  New 
York  and  Oregon,  98;  Iowa,  Wyoming  and 
Utah,  96;  West  Virginia,  95;  Delaware, 
Maryland,  Virginia,  Wisconsin.  Montana 
and  Idaho,  94 ;  Nevada,  93 ;  Pennsylvania 
and  Nebraska.  92 ;  Washington,  91 ;  New 
Jersey  and  Alabama,  90.  All  other  wheat 
States  are  below  this  in  outlook,  the  lowest 
being  Texas,  72  per  cent. 


Cabbage  is  decidedly  higher,  best  Dan¬ 
ish  seed  now  selling  up  to  .$25  per  ton. 
The  amount  in  storage  now  in  New  York 
State  is  thought  to  be  considerably  less 
than  last  year,  perhaps  not  half  as  much. 
The  probabilities  are  that  prices  will  con¬ 
tinue  high  until  receipts  from  the  South 
are  large  enough  to  surplus  the  market. 

The  Alfalfa  hay  crop  has  been  good ;  65 
car  loads  were  shipped  from  here  up  to  De¬ 
cember  1,  and  shipment  still  continues. 
Most  of  the  hay  was  raised  on  leased  In¬ 
dian  land,  and  this  is  the  second  year  of 
cultivation.  Price  F.  O.  B.  was  from  $8.50 
to  $10 ;  some  went  as  far  east  as  Cin¬ 
cinnati,  O.  D.  MALLOY. 

Fremont  Co.,  Wyo. 

Rain  has  held  off  until  lately.  Appear¬ 
ances  are  good  now  that  rain  sufficient  for 
plowing,  etc.  will  soon  be  here.  Lima  bean 
and  walnut  crops  secured  without  loss, 
and  most  of  the  beans  sold  with  rising 
prices  at  the  close.  Best,  now  at  five 
cents  per  pound.  Walnuts  slower  sale  at 
ten  to  fifteen  cents.  o.  n.  ca dwell. 

Santa  Barbara  Co.,  Cal. 

The  total  yield  of  cotton  in  the  United 
States  this  year  is  14.885.000  bales, 
amounting  to  about  7,121,713.000  pounds. 
This  is  said  to  be  the  largest  yield  on 
record.  The  acreage  was  35,004.000.  Cot¬ 
ton  is  grown  commercially  in  10  States, 
the  acreage  being  as  follows :  Texas,  10,- 
868,000 ;  Georgia,  5,119,000 ;  Alabama, 
3,815,000 ;  Mississippi  3,454,000  Missis¬ 
sippi,  2,705.000  ;  Oklahoma,  2,622,000  ;  Ar¬ 
kansas,  2.446,000 ;  North  Carolina,  1,587,- 
000;  Louisiana,  1.118,000;  Tennessee.  822,- 
000;  Florida,  284,000:  Missouri,  115,000; 
Virginia,  37,000;  California,  12,000. 


Steers  are,  price,  live,  4%  to  five  cents 
per  pound  ;  hogs,  dressed,  seven  to  8  cents ; 
calves,  live,  eight  to  nine  cents;  chickens, 
12  to  13;  sheep,  $3.50  to  $4.50;  fresh 
cows,  $65  to  $90 ;  Timothy  hay.  ton,  $24 ; 
clover  hay.  $16,  both  scarce;  silage  is  not 
sold,  nor  manure ;  rye  straw,  $14  per  ton. 
Apples,  60  cents  a  bushel ;  potatoes,  $1.20, 
both  scarce;  butter,  36  cents  a  pound; 
lard,  11  cents,  by  the  can;  cabbage,  $6 
per  cwt. ;  wheat,  90  cents ;  corn,  70  cents 
per  100 ;  oats,  45  cents ;  rye,  90  cents  ;i 
buckwheat,  $1.20 ;  milk,  creamery,  $1.60 
can,  40-quart ;  retail,  seven  cents  a  quart. 

At  a  farm  auction  here  last  week  the 
following  prices  were  paid  for  stock  and 
produce:  Horses,  from  $125  up  to  $200; 
common  cows,  $50  ;  chickens,  48  cents ;  hay, 
half  daisies,  $20  and  $23  per  ton ;  corn¬ 
stalks,  $10  per  ton;  stack  of  straw  of  10 
tons,  $115;  corn  on  the  ear,  40  cents;  oats, 
58  cents.  Tools  went  high ;  double  bob 
sleighs  that  cost  $25  one  year  ago  sold 
for  $26.  Fall  pigs  are  cheap  ;  a  good  many 
cow  sales,  mostly  Springers  from  cheese 
makers.  Rough  stock  bring  $20  to  $30  and 
are  dear  at  that  price.  This  farm  sale  was 
in  Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y.  b.  w.  k. 

New  York. 

Wheat,  $1  per  bushel.  60  pounds ;  buck¬ 
wheat,  75  cents  per  bushel,  50  pounds ; 
oats,  50  cents,  30  pounds ;  corn,  cars,  80 
cents  per  100 ;  potatoes,  $1  per  bushel 
measure ;  eggs,  45  cents  per  doz. ;  butter, 
32  cents  pound ;  country  dressed  pork, 
about  seven  and  eight  cents,  heavv  and 
light  weight;  hay,  about  $15  to  $20  per 
ton ;  corn  fodder,  four  and  five  cents  per 
bundle ;  cattle,  $50  to  $75,  about  the  aver¬ 
age;  horses  anywhere  from  $100  to  $250 
according  to  the  age  and  quality.  Manure 
generally  sells  for  about  $1  for  two-horse 
load.  Silage  never  has  been  sold  in  this 
section.  Milk,  four  and  4%  cents. 

Califon,  N.  J.  c.  w.  c. 

Farm  machinery  sells  at  from  10  to  50 
per  cent  of  cost  according  to  condition. 
Cows  that  can  pay  their  board.  $40  to 
$60.  A  good  cow  would  bring  $75.  Spring 
calves  sell  at  $10  to  $15,  and  they  arc  not 
very  good-looking  prospects  for  anything 
except  more  expense.  We  are  in  a  scrub 
cattle  community.  I  keep  registered  ITol- 
steins ;  another  man  has  an  excellent 
Scotch  Short-horn  which  he  stands  at  a 
prohibitive  price,  and  most  of  the  cows  are 
bred  to  red  and  brindle  scrubs  or  to  Jer¬ 
seys  of  very  common  sort.  Hay  is  selling 
at  $15  to  $20  per  ton  in  the  mow,  depend¬ 
ing  on  distance,  from  town.  There  are  no 
silos  here,  so  silage  is  not  on  the  market. 
Manure  is  regarded  as  belonging  to  the 
land  where  produced  and  is  never  sold  ex¬ 
cept  in  town  at  about  25  cents  per  two- 
horse  load.  Corn  brings  55  cents ;  wheat, 
80 ;  oats,  45 ;  potatoes.  75 ;  eggs,  36 ;  but¬ 
ter,  30.  local  milk  retailers  furnish  the 
only  milk  market,  buying  from  farmers  at 
12  cents  a  gallon,  and  hauling  it  them¬ 
selves.  G.  c.  K. 

Ada,  O. 

The  price  an  article  brings  at  auction 
here  depends  entirely  on  the  temper  of  the 
crowd  present.  At  a  recent  auction  cows, 
Springers,  brought  $30  to  $40;  at  another 
sale  cows  of  the  same  quality  brought  $40 
to  $55,  lower  than  for  several  years. 
Horses  sell  up  to  $300 ;  hay,  $20  to  $22  per 
ton ;  straw,  $9  baled  and  delivered  on 
track;  potatoes,  $1.15;  apples,  40  cents; 
butter  (milk  delivered  at  local  creamery), 
brings  same  as  Elgin  quotation ;  cream 
shipped  to  Columbus  brings  two  cents  per 
pound  more  than  Elgin ;  eggs,  40  cents ; 
turkeys,  14  cents ;  ducks,  10  cents ;  geese, 
10  cents;  hens,  seven  cents;  roosters,  five 
cents;  oil  meal,  $2.10  per  100;  bran,  shorts, 
gluten  and  hominy,  $1.50;  veal,  seven 
cents ;  hogs,  $5.50 ;  lambs.  $3.50  to  $4.50 ; 
steers,  five  cents ;  wheat.  85  cents  ;  corn,  50 
cents  Farmers  get  what  little  manure  is 
sold  here  by  furnishing  the  straw  for  the 
heading  and  hauling  the  manure  away  No 
silage  has  ever  been  sold  here.  The  first 
silo  in  this  county  was  put  up  only  about 
10  years  ago.  \v  r 

Alexandria,  O. 


NEW-YORKER 

AILING  ANIMALS. 

Worms. 

Could  you  tell  me  something  that  would 
remove  large  white  worms'  from  a  horse? 
The  worms  are  from  eight  to  12  inches 
long,  sharp  at  both  ends.  The  horse  is  not 
fat,  but  feels  good  and  his  hair  looks  well ; 
he  eats  four  quarts  of  oats  and  it  does  not 
seem  to  do  him  much  good.  w.  m. 

New  York. 

Worms  will  keep  a  horse  from  thriving. 
Have  his  teeth  put  in  order  by  a  veter¬ 
inary  dentist.  Mix  together  two  parts  of 
salt  and  one  part  each  of  flower  of  sulphur 
and  dried  sulphate  of  iron  and  of  this  mix 
one  tablespoonful  in  the  feed  night  and 
morning  for  a  week ;  then  skip  ten  days  and 
repeat.  a.  s.  a. 

Ringbone. 

Could  you  tell  me  how  to  cure  a  horse 
with  ringbone?  The  swelling  was  burned 
out  with  a  proprietary  preparation  in  the 
early  Summer,  and  for  a  time  seemed  to 
be  getting  better,  but  now  it  seems  to  be 
getting  worse  again.  Shall  I  burn  it  out 
again  or  try  some  other  method? 

New  Jersey.  t.  w.  k. 

If  the  ringbone  involves  a  fore  pastern 
it  will  be  necessary  to  have  the  leg  un¬ 
nerved.  If  it  is  on  a  hind  pastern  have 
the  ringbone  properly  puncture-fired  and 
blistered  by  a  graduate  veterinarian  and 
then  give  six  weeks’  rest  in  stall. 

A.  S.  A. 

Halter  Pulling. 

Will  you  give  a  cure  for  pulling?  We 
have  a  nice  mare ;  we  cannot  tie  her  be¬ 
cause  she  will  pull  back.  I  would  like  to 
know  if  there  is  any  known  device  or  cure. 

J.  s. 

Double  a  long,  thin  rope  and  place  the 
loop  under  the  tail,  as  you  would  tnc 
crouper  strap  of  harness.  Run  the  two 
free  ends  forward,  tying  the  ropes  together 
just  in  front  of  the  hip  and  again  at  the 
withers ;  now  run  the  two  free  ends  down, 
one  on  each  side  of  the  neck,  pass  them 
through  the  rings  of  the  halter  and  tie  to 
manger  along  with  the  halter  shank  or  rope. 
When  the  animal  pulls  back  the  loop  draws 
tight  under  the  tail  and  tends  to  check 
the  pulling.  If  this  does  not  suffice  a 
rope  may  be  buckled  to  a  strap  around  one 
fore  or  hind  pastern,  then  passed  down 
through  the  halter  ring  and  made  fast  to 
the  manger  along  with  the  halter  shank. 

A.  s.  A. 

Indigestion. 

I  have  a  horse  that  is  ailing.  First  I 
thought  it  was  his  teeth,  hut  I  had  them 
looked  at  by  two  doctors  and  they  are  all 
right.  He  is  eight  years  old ;  does  not 
seem  to  want  to  eat  and  drink  any  water. 
He  is  getting  very  thin  ;  seems  to  drag  his 
hind  feet.  The  grain  is  passed  whole  hull 
and  smells  very  strong.  I  have  been  feed¬ 
ing  three  bags  of  oats,  one  of  rye.  ground. 

I  have  changed  it  to  corn.  His  hair  looks 
rough.  p.  e.  r. 

Ohio. 

Have  the  horse  clipped  at  once  and  blan¬ 
ket  him  in  the  stable.  Feed  whole  oats 
and  bran  night  and  morning  and  ear  corn 
at  noon.  Give  the  drinking  water  before 
feeding.  In  the  oat  feed  mix  powdered 
charcoal  freely  twice  a  day,  and  also  give 
half  an  ounce  of  Fowler’s  solution  of  ar¬ 
senic  night  and  morning,  after  a  few 
smaller  preliminary  doses.  Carrots  would 
be  good  for  this  horse,  but  do  not  feed  rye. 

A.  s.  A. 

Paralysis. 

My  horse  (somewhat  aged),  out  on  pas¬ 
ture  part  of  the  time,  one  morning  ap¬ 
peared  to  be  foundered ;  then  in  course  of 
two  hours  both  hind  legs  became  swollen 
three  times  natural  size  and  he  became 
clumsy.  I  bathed  the  legs  in  hot  water, 
hot  as  could  handle,  and  while  bathing 
could  notice  the  swelling  going  down,  but 
he  could  only  with  difficulty  step,  his  toes 
dragging  the  ground.  In  a  couple  of  hours 
he  toppled  over,  his  limbs  became  rigid, 
with  no  use  of  them.  He  lay  24  hours 
when  I  had  him  put  out  of  his  misery.  The 
organs  of  the  body  all  seemed  to  be  in  good 
condition.  Hay  and  ground  oats  constituted 
his  feed  with  grass.'  c.  s.  B. 

Apparently  there  was  a  disturbance  of  the 
circulation  and  nerve  supply  of  the  hind 
legs  so  that  swelling  first  took  place  and 
was  followed  by  paralysis.  Such  a  condi¬ 
tion  might  follow  a  lightning  shock ;  or 
might  be  associated  with  heart  disease.  A 
post  mortem  examination  should  have  been 
made  by  an  expert  to  determine  the  cause. 

a.  s.  A. 

.What  Ailed  the  Heifers? 

I  had  two  heifers  about  20  months  old, 
which  were  in  good  condition  and  health 
when  we  turned  them  out  with  the  others 
in  the  morning.  About  3.30  p.  m.  two  of 
them  came  to  the  barnyard,  and  one  lay 
down  almost  immediately.  Her  breathing 
was  very  short  and  quick.  She  lay  on  her 
left  side  with  her  legs  stretched  out,  and 
head  thrown  back  on  right  side.  She  slob¬ 
bered  considerable  at  the  mouth  ;  was  dead 
at  5  o’clock.  The  others  came  down  about 
that  time  and  seemed  all  right ;  no  indica 
tions  of  any  of  them  being  sick.  But 
when  I  went  to  the  barn  in  the  morning 
I  found  another  dead  in  the  stanchion.  There 
was  no- thrashing  of  either  of  them  as  could 
be  seen  ;  they  lay  perfectly  quiet.  I  had  a 
practical  dairyman  come  and  help  me  open 
the  cows  in  the  morning.  We  found  the 
inner  coating  of  the  stomachs  all  eaten  off. 
The  whole  digestive  tract  was  inflamed.  The 
pasture  is  the  same  as  practically  all  the 
New  England  farm  pastures ;  some  upland 
with  a  very  little  low  ground.  I  have  been 
giving  hay  night  and  morning  for  some  time. 
What  caused  the  death  of  the  heifers? 
Connecticut.  w.  b.  b. 

If  you  had  said  that  the  heifers  were 
turned  into  a  cornstalk  field  for  the  first 
time  we  would  conclude  that  it  was  corn¬ 
stalk  disease  from  poisonous  properties  in 
the  fodder.  If  blood  flowed  from  the  na¬ 
tural  orifices  of  the  body  it  would  likely  be 
anthrax.  Without  such  history  or  account 
of  symptoms  we  naturally  conclude  that 
there  was  poisoning  from  moldy  food,  or 
from  some  poison  picked  up  on  pasture. 
We  are  unable  to  give  any  confident  diag¬ 
nosis.  The  conditions  found  present  after 
death  do  not  seem  to  have  been  character¬ 
istic  of  disease.  a.  s.  a. 


The  Rural 


CONTENTS 

New-Y’orker,  December  23, 
1911. 

FARM  TOPICS. 

Potatoes  and  High  Culture .  1209 

A  Cement  Granary  Floor .  1219 

When  to  Cut  Alfalfa .  1213 

Crop  for  Swamp  Land .  1213 

Depth  of  Roots . *...  1213 

Coining  Farmers’  Meetings .  1213 

Story  of  a  Fertilizer  Contract .  1215 

Hope  Farm  Notes .  1216 

LIVE  STOCK  AND  DAIRY. 

Shall  It  Be  Hens  or  Sheep? .  1213 

The  Old  Farm  Horse .  1222 

Do  Sheep  Pay? . 3  222 

The  Law  About  Diseased  Cattle .  1222 

Heating  Stock  Water  in  Canada....  1222 

Bone  Meal  for  Cows .  "  3002 

Buckwheat  Straw  Bedding .’  *  1 222 

ttlW  I  Keep  Berkshiros .  3  <>55 

Purebred  Stock  .  ‘  1000 

Milk  . . io1)'! 

Cows  Wear  Clothes . . 

Poisonous  Oleo  . '//  i223 

Dairymen’s  League  Meeting .  l^oi 

The  Hen  Contest . [  1224 


1225 
1 225 


Judging  Utility  Fowls . .  J557 

Hen  Manure  as  a  Fertilizer...  .  "  1004. 

Grease  for  Lice .  "  7551 

Milk  Ration  . *  ”/ .  1 55 1 

Balanced  Ration  . . 

Feeding  for  Milk  and  Cream .  3  55-t 

Ration  for  Fattening  Hogs: ...  '  io5^ 

Another  Milk  Ration.... .  755- 

V  ant  of  Balance . i55' 

Grain  with  Home-grown  Fodder. 

Ration  for  Grade  Jerseys .  390:3 

Weak  Stifle  . .  .  i55^ 

Thoroughpin  . !!!!!!;'  io5o 

Stunting  a  Terrier .  '  i55f* 

Lampas  ;  Hemiplegia . . .  1 55n 

Lameness  . '  ' '  j55g 

horticulture.’ . . 

Peaches  for  Central  New  York .  1010 

conwntrated  Lime-Sulphur  for  Spray- 

Experience  With  Misfit  Nursery  Trees  1-I1 

Apples  for  Michigan . .  3012 

Keeping  Horseradish  .  ’’’  i5i^> 

New  Jersey  Horticultural.  Society .!! !  3234 

Cost  of  An  Orchard .  757« 

The  Hale  Peach  .  ''  i5ic 

The  Ticquet’s  Late  Peach .!!!!!  r“i7 

Top-working  the  Kieffer  Pear . j  1 217 

Sub-irrigation  in  Greenhouse . ’  f5iv 

Grafting  Chestnut  Sprouts .  1217 

The  Mexican  Pecan  Sprouts . 1217 

Dahlias  for  Cut  Flowers .  1217 

Gladiolus  as  a  Side  Line . ||  1217 

Boxwood  as  Florists’  Greens...  .  1°17 

Transplanting  Wild  Stock .  ’  1037 

Snapdragons  for  Florists’  Use . .  1217 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

From  Day  to  Day .  12°0 

Old-fashioned  Yeast  Wanted . .'  3  220 

A  Coffee  Substitute .  1220 

The  Rural  Patterns  . '  3  220 

Building  a  Dumb  Waiter .  1221 

Hulled  Corn  or  Hominy .  '  3221 

Canning  Beef  . .  |  j  3221 

Sauerkraut  . ! ! ! ! !  1221 

Cooked  Mayonnaise  . .....'  1221 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

““The  Miller  as  a  Middleman” .  1210 

The  Kink  in  a  Rope .  3039 

Destroying  Cockroaches  . 3210 

Sensible  Bee  Talk  . 

Our  Illustrations  . .  .  .  1214 

A  Day  in  a  Steam  Laundry .  1”14 

High  Living  .  _  1214 

An  Efficient  Snow  Shovel .  1215 

Deterioration  of  Concrete  .  1215 

Snail  Culture  in  Germany .  1°15 

Tp  Prevent  Insanity . 30/n 

Home  Fire  Dangers'.  ...  1^1 5 

Changing  Colors  in  Toys. . 

Editorials  . 3030 

Other  People’s  Money .  i5i<i 

Events  of  the  Week .  3030 

Publisher’s  Desk  . 3220 


Humorous 


1228 


$ 


10 


and  upwards  per  day  clear  profit  oper¬ 

ating  our  new  WELL  BORING  OUTFIT. 
Particulars  for  two  S-cent  stamps.  • 

STANDARD  EARTH  AUGUR  COMPANY 
1128-36  Newport  Ave.,  Chicago,  U.S.  A. 


WANTED  ^os*t*on  by  a  practical  Farmer  or 

Vn,  v  ™  1  Dairyn?i‘,n;  within  50  miles  of  New 

R°F.  T^No^^rrent^11^-  AddreS9  V'  P” 


WANTFfl-iIARRIED  COUPLE — Man  for  gen- 

"nV  1  ■-u  I™1  farm,  good  with  team. $30 month: 
wife  to  board  help,  20c.  meal;  March  1st  Give 

SHE?  nnxioRmVeoP<,nsib^  partios  considered. 
SHELDONCROFT,  Silver  Lake,  Pa. 


WANTED~?,GENTS  tp  sel1  Farmers’  Account  Book. 

11  mi  1  L.u  Quick  seller.  Special  inducements  till 
Holidays.  Address  L.  L.  Sypliers,  Fort  Wayne  Ind 


DLKASE  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com- 

I  mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter, 
Eggs,  Poultry,  Pork,  Calves,  Hav,  Grain,  Beans 
Apples,  etc.  E.  B.  WOODWARD,  302  Greenwich  St  N  Y 


JELLIFFE,  WRIGHT  &  COMPANY, 

Commission  Merchants,  284  Washington  St.,  New  York 
Poultry,  Eggs,  Meats,  Produce.  Shipments  Solicited 


POULTRY  AND  HOTHOUSE  LAMBS 

Ship  to  YVM.  II.  COIITCN  CO.,  CoihiuIhhIoii 
chantH  -  -  229  Washington  St.,  New  York 


Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 


93-95  South  Market  St,, 


Boston. 


The  Rochester  Produce 

&  Commission  Company 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 

Highest  Prices  Paid  for  Butter,  Cheese,  Eggs,  Lard, 
Poultry,  Calves,  Beans,  Potatoes,  Etc. 

244-246  Clinton  Avenue.  North  ROCHESTER.  N.  Y. 

you  it  Dressed  Turkeys,  Ducks  and  Geese 

- TO - 

GEO.  OLIVER  &  COMPANY 

Established  1850 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 
West  Washington  Market  New  York,  N.  Y. 
PROMPT  RETURNS 


GEOjP.  HAMMOND.  EST.  1875.  FRANK  W.  Q01>WIN 

GEO.  P.  HAMMOND  &  CO., 

nes  Butter,  Eggs.  Cheese,  Poultry.  Musi, rooms 
and  Hot-house  Products  a  Specialty.  Consignments 

36  Little  ISJtli  St..  New  Vork- 


12128 


December  23,  'iVMl. 


THE  RURAIi  NEW-YORKER 


HUMOROUS 


Irish  boatman  (surveying  the  solitary 
result  of  the  day)  :  “It’s  a  foin  fish  for 
the  size  av  ut ;  them’ll  run  about  three 
to  the  pound.”  Angler :  “Hardly  that, 
I  should  say.”  Boatman :  “Well,  may¬ 
be  the  other  two’d  be  a  bit  bigger.” — 
Punch. 


you 

5>> 


be  glad 
Papa 
“Well 


Buy  Your  Home  Furnishings  and 


Building  Materials 


Johnny  :  “Papa,  would 
if  I  saved  a  dollar  for  you 
“Certainly,  my  son.”  Johnny: 

I  saved  it  for  you,  all  right.  You  sai 
if  I  brought  a  first-class  report  from  n 
teacher  this  week  you  would  give  rut 
dollar,  and  I  didn’t  bring  it.” — Red  F  ^ 
“How  is  your  mother  this  mornr  ^ 
asked  Mrs.  Grey,  of  the  small  boy  £<*•  £ 
came  with  the  milk.  “She’s  better, 

‘Can  she  sit  up?”  went  on 
“No,”  answered  the  literal 
down,  but  she 
Home  Compan- 


Bare  Factory  Cost 


Save  45c  to  70c  on  the  $1.00 
—Over  2,000  Bargains 


answered. 

Mrs.  Grey, 
youngster.  “She  sits 
stands  up.” — Woman’s 


ion. 

It  was  a  small  but 
asked  for  a  penn’orth 
local  pharmacy, 
said  the  kindly 


acute  boy  who 
of  pills  at  the 
“Certainly,  my  boy,” 
chemist.  “Shall  I  put 


them  in  a 
responded 
I’m  going 
Lost. 


box  for  you?”  “O’  course,” 
the  customer;  “do  you  think 
to  roll  ’em  home?” — Credit 


“Yes,  that’s  one  of  the  leading  lawyers 
for  the  reform  movement.”  “He  looks 
like  a  man  who  would  put  his  whole 
heart  and  soul  into  anything  he  under¬ 
took.”  “You  bet  he  does.  Why,  his 
bill  for  reform  services  during  the  last 
six  months  is  $53,000.” — Cleveland  Plain 
Dealer. 

His  Better  Half  :  “I  think  it’s  time 
we  got  Lizzie  married  and  settled  down, 
Alfred.  She  will  be  twenty-eight  next 
week,  you  know.”  Her  Lesser  Half : 
“Oh,  don’t  hurry,  my  dear.  Better  wait 
till  the  right  sort  of  man  comes  along.” 
His  Better  Half:  “But  why  wait?  I 
didn’t.” — The  Throne. 

Willie  has  just  received  a  severe 
spanking. — “Now,  sir,”  said  his  father, 
“you  go  straight  over  into  the  corner 
there  and  sit  down.”  A  semi-humorous 
thought  struck  Willie;  he  stopped  howl¬ 
ing,  and  a  sheepish  grin  overspread  his 
face.  “Gee!  pa,”  he  remarked,  “isn’t 
that  sorter  rubbing  it  in?” — Boston 
Transcript. 

Voice  from  Doorway:  “My  dear 
sir,  I  have  absolutely  no  objection  to 
you  coming  here  and  sitting  up  half  the 
night  with  my  daughter,  nor  to  you 
standing  on  the  doorstep  for  three  hours 
saying  good  night.  But  in  considera¬ 
tion  for  the  rest  of  the  household,  who 
wish  to  get  to  sleep,  will  you  kindly 
take  your  elbow  off  the  bell  push?” — 
London  Opinion. 

“I  thought  you  sold  your  automo¬ 
bile?”  “No,”  replied  Farmer  Corntos- 
sel.  “I  traded  the  machine  off  for  that 
horse  over  there.”  '  “But  you  seem  to 
have  both  the  auto  and  the  horse.”  “Yes. 
I  made  a  contract  that  he  was  to  give 
me  the  haulin’  the  machine  out  every 
time  he  got  stuck  or  broke  down.  Fi¬ 
nally,  he  owed  me  so  much  that  he 
turned  the  auto  back  as  part  payment.” 
— Washington  Star. 

An  American  and  a  Highlander  were 
walking  one  day  on  the  top  of  one  of  the 
Scotch  mountains,  when  the  Scotchman, 
wishing  to  impress  his  boastful  “cousin,” 
produced  a  famous  echo  to  be  heard  in 
that  place.  When  the  echo  returned 
clearly  after  nearly  four  minutes,  the 
proud  Scotchman,  turning  to  the  Yankee, 
exclaimed:  “There,  mon,  ye  canna 

show  anything  like  that  in  your  country.” 
To  which  the  other  replied,  “I  guess  we 
can  better  that  some,  stranger.  Why,  in 
my  shooting  lodge  in  the  Rockies,  when 
I  go  to  bed  I  just  lean  out  of  my  window 
and  call  out,  “Time  to  get  up ;  wake  up !” 
and  eight  hours  afterward  the  echo 
comes  back  and  wakes  me. — London 
Truth. 


How  would  you  like  to  walk  into  a  big  factory 

■where  they  make  Roofing.  Mlllwork,  Paint,  Furniture,  Stores  and 
almost  every  other  kind  of  Building  Material  and  House 

Furnishings  and  have  the  factory  owner  say  to  you:  "Mr. - . 

you  can  have  any  one  or  all  of  these  2,000  and  more  articles  for 
just  what  it  cost  us  to  make  them.  I  won’t  ask  you  one  cent  of 
profit.  Just  pick  out  the  things  you  want." 

Well,  that’s  what  our  proposition  amounts 
to,  only  you  don't  have  to  go  to  the  trouble 
or  expense  of  mnking  a  trip  to  the  factory.  ' 

We  send  you  a  Big  Bargain  Catalog  which 
so  perfectly  pictures,  describes  and  prices 
the  2,000  articles  thut  it’s  easier  to  buy  them 
than  if  you  came  to  the  factory.  This  way  of 
‘’visiting”  the  factory  costs  you  not  one 
penny,  for  we  send  you  our  Bargain  Catalog. 


A  Few  of  the 
2,000  BARGAINS! 

Ready  Mixed  House 
Paint,  $1.06  per  gallon. 

Ready  Mixed  Barn  Paint, 
78c  per  gallon. 

Buffalo  Improved  Wall 
Board,  $2.35  per  100  feet. 

Genuine  Tapestry  Rugs, 
6x9,  $5.59. 

Genuine  Tapestry  Rugs, 
9x12,  $10.85. 

Complete  Bed  (includes 
Mattress  and  Springs  of  ex¬ 
cellent  quality),  $10.25. 

Famous  Buffalo  Roller- 
Bearer  Rotary  Washer, 
$5.35. 

This  sale  includes  every¬ 
thing  to  furnish  or  build  the 
home;over  2,000  Bargains. 


How  This  Is  Made  Possible 


Even  the  Manufacturer’s 
Profit  Wiped  Out!  , 

You  have  saved  a  lot  of  money  by  buying 

foods  by  mail-order.  You  saved  all  that  the 
obber,  wholesaler  and  dealer  would  have 
charged  for  their  cost  of  doing  business  and 
all  of  the  profit  each  of  them  made  if  you 
bought  at  home.  You  paid  only  factory  cost, 
plus  a  manufacturer’s  profit  of  25  to  40 
per  cent.  But  now,  for  the  first  time,  you 
can  buy  Building  Materials  and  House  Fur¬ 
nishings  for  the  bare  cost  of  making.  Yon 
do  not  pay  the  manufacturer  any  profit  at 
all.  The  25  to  40  per  cent  manufactur¬ 
er’s  profit  is  wiped  out,  or,  in  other  words, 
given  to  you.  —  „  »«*• 


vStove  Bargains! 

]  650  handsome  new 
f  stoves,  direct  from  fac¬ 
tories.  at  35c  on  the  dol¬ 
lar.  Includes  Cooking 
Stoves,  Ranges,  Wood 
Heaters,  Coal 
/Heaters  and 
Base  Burners— 
I  all  going  at  half 
’  prices.  We  guar¬ 
antee  every  stove 
[  to  be  a  fuel -saver  and 
.to  give  lasting  satis- 
’faction.  Get  catalog. 


Write  for  Bargain  List  Now! 


Nine  out  of  every  ten  manufacturers  fail  in  business, 
and  in  nearly  every  case  it  is  because  the  manufacturer 
makes  more  goods  than  he  can  sell  advantageously.  He 
has  his  profits  and  capital  tied  up  in  surplus  stock— good 
merchandise,  but  no  immediate  demand  for  it.  To  carry 
it  another  season  meant  heavy  expense— Interest,  Storage 
Charges,  Insurance,  Taxes,  etc. 

Now,  a  big  group  of  manufacturers  have  adopted  a 
clever  plan.  They  turn  their  surplus  over  to  us.  The  Man¬ 
ufacturers’  Outlet  Co.,  and  we  sell  at  cost  of  making. 
They  pay  us  4  per  cent  for  selling  and  they  realize  in  im¬ 
mediate  cash  96  per  cent. 

Means  Huge  Saving  to  the  Public 

With  the  jobber’s,  wholesaler's  and  retail  dealer’s 
expense  of  doing  business  cut  out,  and  four  profits  cut 
out,  you  pay  but  a  small  fraction  of  the  regular  retail 
price  of  these  articles— sometimes  but  30c  on  the  SLOO. 

Each  buyer  is  guaranteed  that  his  purchases  are  fresh, 
new,  fine  quality  goods,  and  that  they  will  be  safely  and 
promptly  delivered.  So  long  as  such  guaranteed  bar- 

Joins  as  these  can  be  had,  it  would  be  the  height  of  folly 
or  a  man  to  do  any  building  or  rebuilding,  or  for  a 
woman  to  buy  anything  for  the  home  without  first  look¬ 
ing  at  our  Big  Bargain  Catalog.  To  get  this  most  remark¬ 
able  of  all  Bargain  Lists,  yon  have  only  to  drop  ns  a  postal. 

Write  us  today  and  these  sensational  Bargain 
Offers  will  be  in  your  hands  as  QUICKLY  AS  THE 
MAIL  CAN  TRAVEL. 


I  Nails  and 
Cement 

FREE 

1-ply  Rubber  Roofing,  remnants,  per  108 sq.  ft.,  63c* 
2-ply,  remnants.  73c;  3-ply,  remnants,  83c.  1-ply  Rub- 
ber  Roofing,  unlimited  amounts,  98c;  2-ply,  unlimited 
amounts,  $1.26;  3-ply,  unlimited  amounts,  $1.54. 

This  roofing  is  fully  guaranteed  to  be  of  the  very 
highest  quality— resists  fire,  water,  snow,  hail,  heat, 
cold  and  acids;  needs  no  painting;  easy  to  lay  ns  car¬ 
pet;  no  tools  needed  but  hammer.  For  Corrugated 
Roofing,  see  special  prices  In  our  catalog.  (2) 


RUGS  CURTAINS  ■  MATERIAL 


HAROW 


PLUMBING  . . . . 


1 1  ii  1 1 1 in.* 

1 1  •  i  ■  1 1 1 1 1 1 


THE  MANUFACTURERS’ OUTLET  CO. 


BUFFALO,  N.Y 


Cuts  faster.  Uses  less  power. 
Portable — easy  to  set  up.  Absolutely  accurate  set. 
Quick  return.  One  half  the  parts  of  other  mills. 
The  perfected  sawmill  of  56  years  experience". 

Get  our  big,  new  catalogue  on  Sawmills, 

Steam  Engines,  Boilers,  and  Mill  Equipments. 

A.  B.  FARQUHAR  CO.,  Ltd.,  Box514.  York  Pa. 


Pulls  Stumps 
Seven  Feet  Thick 

Monarch 5teel Stump  Puller, 

*-c"  XtBOl  * 


The  mighty  Monarch  la  made  of  highest  grade 
Bessemer  Steel  in  our  own  big  factory.  Outwears 
three  ordinary  pullers,  Guaranteed  700  h.  p.  and 
against  breakage.  Only  stump  puller  in  the  world 
equipped  with  genuine  "Hercules1’  Red  Strand  steel 
wire  rope,  the  kind  used  by  U.  S.  Government. 
Clears  1  to  5  acres  a  day.  Used  in  all  parts  of  world. 

Write  today  for  Catalog  and  epecda.1  proposition 
ZIMMERMAN  STEEL  CO, .  Dept  H1U  tone  Tree,  la. 


/■Earn  $10  a  days 

Sawing  firewood,  lumber,  lath,  posts, 
etc.,  on  contract  work.  You  can  cut 
more  and  cut  much  easier  with  a 

Hertzler  &  Zook 

Portable 
Wood 


As  low  as 


Absolutely  the  cheapest  and  best  saw 
made.  Guaranteed  fori  year. 
Sold  at  factory  prices — $10  and  up. 
Save  middleman’s  prot;t.  Operates 
easier  than  other  saws  because 
stick  is  low  and  the  saw 
draws  it  on  as  soon  as  it 
touches  the  saw.  Only  $10 
saw  to  which  ripping  table  cau 
be  added.  Big  money  mukers 
and  savers.  Send  for  Catalogue. 

HERTZLER  &  ZOOK  CO. 
Box  3  Belleville,  Pa. 


$4t  <tfc  <& 

•H*  Mr 

DOLLA 
in  jw/- TREES 


S3 


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PPlIffPKTIIlUP 

Right  in  your  own  grove  —  waiting  for 
you  to  take  them  out.  All  you  need  is  an 
“American”  Saw  Mill  to  cut  that  timber 
into  lumber,  which  you  can  use  yourself  or 
sell  at  a  good  price.  You  can  belt  the 
“American”  Mill  to  your  farm  engine  and 
run  it  yourself,  turning  out  first-class  lum¬ 
ber  faster  and  cheaper  than  any  other  mill. 
We’ve  written  a  book — “Making  Money  Off 
the  Wood  Lot”— which  tells  a  number  of 
ways  in  which  you  will  find  an  “American” 
Mill  profitable.  We  want  to  send  you  a  copy. 
Write  to  nearest  office. 

American  Saw  Mill  Machinery  Co. 

129  Hope  Street,  Hackettstown,  N.  J. 

1582  Terminal  Building,  New  York 
Chicago— Savannah— New  Orleans 


This  Forge  Outfit  at  $3.60  Will 

Save  Its  Cost  in  30  Days  on  Your  Farm 


This  Practical  Farmer’3  Forge  Outfit  saves  its 
small  initial  cost— only  $3.60— in  30  days.  With  it 
you  can  do  all  your  blacksmithing  and  repairing. 
Does  equally  as  much  work  as  any  $10.00  forge 
ever  made.  One  farmer  writes :  “I  had  never 
before  built  a  fire  in  a  forge,  but  now  I  do  all  my 
own  blacksmithing  and  repairing  and  have  in¬ 
vented  a  Horse  Hoeing  Machine  and  made  75  of 
them  on  the  Fanner’s  Forge.”  Another  writes : 

I  wouldn't  take  $100  for  mine,  if  I  couldn’t  get 
another.” 

Special  Winter  Offer 

Until  March  31,  1912,  we  offer  1  Farmer’s  Forge 
complete,  $3.60,  or  1  Farmer’s  Forge,  1  anvil  and 
vise  combined  and  1  pair  of  tongs,  all 
for  $5.40. 

Satisfaction  Guaranteed  or 
Money  Refunded 

Our  Farmer’s  Forges 
sold  14  years  ago  are 
still  giving  entire  satis¬ 
faction.  Our  forges  have 
hearths  24x26  inches. 
llf£  in.  blowers, 
run  easy  and  have 
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qualities  of  high- 
priced  f  o  r  g  e  8 
Fully  warranted. 
Orders  shipped 
promptly.  Writo  to¬ 
day. Send  stamp  for 
catalog  No.  11  and 
testimonials. 

C.A.S.  FORGE  WORKS 
SARANAC,  MICHIGAN 


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S.ranAc.Micm  .  i 

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Highest  Grade  of  Corn  and  Buck- 
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And  you  can  prove  it.  10  Days’  FREE 
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Write  for  catalog  and  samples  today. 

1  Lett  Manufacturing  Company  1 
204  E.  Road,  Crown  Point,  Ind. . 


RUSTPROOF:  BULLSTRONG:  PIGTIGHT 

Fences  for  horses,  cattle,  sheep,  hogs,  chickens.etc. 
Special  low  bargain  prices.  We  pay  the  freight. 

Ornamental  Lawn  Fences  and  Gates 
Send  for  catalog  Brown  Fence  &  Wire  Co. 
and  sample  Bept,  59  Cleveland, Ohio 


HI  T SELMA  N  F  ENCE 

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80  rod  spool  of  Ideal  galvanized 
Barbed  Wire  $1.40.  Write 
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Box  230  KITSELMAN  BROS.  MUNCIE,  IND. 


No  Stump  Too  Big 
For  The  Hercules 

Stumps  3  and  4  feet  across  and  larger,  with  5  to  12  foot  tap  roots  come  out  like 
weeds  when  the  Hercules  All  Steel  Triple  Power  Stump  Puller  is  hitched  to  them. 

Let  us  show  you  many  actual  photos  and  letters  from  men  who  use  the  Hercules^ 

Why  don’t  you  pull  the  stumps  and  grow  crops  Instead  of  paying  taxes  on  land 
that  yields  nothing.  Now  is  the  time.  Our  special  price  to  first  5,000 
buyers  saves  you  big  money  on  first-cost.  Stumps  get  harder  to 
pull  every  year.  You  lose  half  the  land  value  and  S7O0  in  crops 
every  year  stumps  stand. 

Triple  Power— All  Steel— 30  Days  Trial 
3  Year  Guarantee— Special  Price  Offer 

Triple  power  means  more  than  tho  pull  of  a  locomotive.  All  steel  means  60% 
lighter  weight,  400%  more  strength  than  any  cast  iron  or  "semi  steel”  puller 
ever  made.  Accurate  machining  and  turning  means  smooth  running  and 
light  draft.  Double  safety  ratchets  mean  safety  to  men  and  team.  3  year 
guarantee  means  replacement  of  any  broken  castings.  Pullanacre  of  stumps 
a  day  easy  with  the  Hercules.  When  yourstumpsarepulled,  do  work  for  your 
neighbors  or  rent  machlneat  a  nice  profit.  Whynotinail  postal  at  once  for 
new  introductorylmoney-saving  proposition  and  Interesting  free  book?  See 
photos  and  letters.  Head  about  profits  owners  are  making.  Get  facts  and 
figures  that  will  post  you  on  best  ecoi's  to  raise  on  virgin  land  where  stumps 
6tood.  We’ll  show  you  how  to  make  $1281.00 first  year  on  10  acres  of  stumps 

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.Hercules ’Manufacturing  Co.,  130  17th  St.,  Centerville,  Iowa. 


Stumps  like  this  easy 
for  the  Hercules 


1 


VT o i . .  LXX.  No.  4131. 


NEW  YORK,  DECEMBER  30,  1911. 


WEEKLY.  $1.00  PER  YEAR. 


is  for  safety.  The  phrase  “narrow  between  the  horns” 
means  that  the  cow  has  a  high  forehead ;  for  width 
between  the  eyes,  as  indicating  brain  power,  is  very 
desirable.  A  dished  face  (i.  e.,  turn-up  nose)  is  very 
pretty,  and  beauty  is  the  Jersey’s  strong  point;  but 
many  great  animals  have  perfectly  straight  noses  and 
long  faces.  Once  in  a  while  one  sees  a  Roman  nose 
on  a  good  cow.  The  nostril  should  be  open.  This  is 
very  important.  Many  breeders  place  great  stress  on 
the  broad  muzzle  with  full  muscular  lips.  I  have  seen 
very  wide  muzzles  on  very  delicate  cows  and  small 
mouths  on  good  hearty  feeders,  and  personally  I  do 
not  think  there  is  much  milk  to  be  deduced  from  a 
big  mouth.  A  thin  lip  indicates  a  nervous  organiza¬ 
tion,  and  take  away  a  cow’s  nerve  and  she  is  worth¬ 
less.  I  would  not  put  too  much  stress  on  the  jaw;  I 
would  consider  her  appetite  and  digestion  as  of  more 


THE  POINTS  OF  A  JERSEY  COW.  Fro.  501 

consequence  than  outward  outline  in  this  case. 

Neck  thin,  rather  long,  zvith  clean  throat;  thin  at 
withers  (5).  The  cow  should  be  neither  masculine 
nor  beefy.  The  eye  should  be  large  and  placid ;  but 
as  the  expression  of  a  cow’s  eye  usually  reflects  the 
way  you  treat  her,  lack  of  placidity  may  mislead.  A 
bloodshot,  round,  protruding  cow’s  eye  is,  however, 
very  suspicious,  and  a  very  bad  augury  for  milk 
production.  A  bloodshot  eye,  like  a  mustang’s,  is  not 
desirable  in  a  bull  either.  Wise,  reasonable  sires  be¬ 
get  docile  daughters,  but  the  big,  round,  protruding 
eye,  like  a  fly’s,  is  much  admired  in  bulls.  Cows 
with  black  eyes  and  yellow  eyelids,  such  as  arise  from 
breeding  Guernseys  and  Jerseys  together,  or  with  rose- 
colored  irids  and  white  eyelashes  such  as  come  from 
crossing  Herefords  and  Guernseys,  are  often  seen  in 
the  herds  of  superb  milkers.  Jersey  cows  in  health 


have  extremely  brilliant  eyes,  and  their  vigor  is  indi¬ 
cative  in  the  flash  of  their  eyes.  A  Jersey  cow  should 
be  ewe-necked,  i.  e.,  the  neck  should  curve  downward 
between  the  withers  and  the  back  of  the  head  (c). 
The  generous  milk-giver  is  characterized  by  long 
bones  and  loose  joints,  except  the  leg  bones  which 
have  been  bred  short  (but  mistakenly)  and  in  the 
very  best  specimens  are  now  longer ;  they  should  be 
long  enough  to  give  comfortable  room  for  a  milk 
pail  under  full  udder.  The  bones  of  the  spine  should 
be  long.  Thus  we  have  the  long  ewe-neck,  the  long 
back,  the  long  hips,  and  the  very  long,  thin  tail,  all  of 
prime  importance,  because  they  go  together.  A  short¬ 
necked  cow  may  be  a  good  milker,  but  she  is  beefy; 
and  a  cow  with  a  short,  thick  tail  is  surely  beefy.  The 
tail  ought  to  reach  the  hocks;  when  full  grown,  tails 
of  good  milkers  usually  come  within  two  inches  of 

them  at  least.  In  the 
bull  the  longer  neck  is 
crested,  which  makes  it 
appear  thicker,  but  it 
should  never  be  short. 

The  withers  (5)  must 
he  thin.  A  cow  that 
fattens  instead  of  giving 
milk  shows  it  on  the 
withers  first;  heifers  will 
often  be  plump  there,  but 
milk  off;  but  a  cow  in 
milk  must  be  thin  on  the 
shoulder  if  she  is  to 
show  a  profit.  It  has 
been  well  established, 
too,  that  sharp  withers 
go  with  a  milking  tem¬ 
perament.  The  sharper 
the  more  profitable  milk¬ 
er.  In  my  own  experi¬ 
ence  I  have  obtained 
much  milk  from  cows 
with  somewhat  rounded 
withers,  but  I  have  in¬ 
variably  paid  more  for 
it.  However,  the  new  de¬ 
mand  for  heartgirth  as 
an  evidence  of  constitu¬ 
tion  is  tending  to  widen 
the  withers  and  shoul¬ 
ders.  Personally  I  do  not 
believe  that  broad  shoul¬ 
ders  are  necessary  for  a 
cow’s  constitution,  and  I 
think  the  matter  is  being 
overdone  with  the  result 
of  bringing  forward 
many  beefy  cows  to  dis¬ 
appoint  their  buyers.  Breeders  that  favor  the 
broad  shoulders  look  to  the  lean,  deer-like  head  as  an 
offset  to  the  loss  of  the  wedge  shape  which  is  certain 
when  the  shoulders  are  broadened.  A  man  with  a 
herd  to  grade  up  knows  well  that  no  cow  he  ever 
owned  ever  died  because  her  heart  was  weak;  but  if 
he  looks  through  his  herd  and  sees  a  number  of 
short-necked,  wide-shouldered,  square-built  animals  he 
knows  quite  as  well  that  the  weakness  in  his  pocket- 
book  has  something  to  do  with  trying  to  get  milk 
from  beef  types.  A  plump  heifer  is  not  necessarily  a 
spoilt  heifer ;  during  the  first  year’s  lactation  they 
alter  amazingly  if  fed  right. 

Body  (33).  Lung  capacity  as  indicated  by  depth 
and  breadth  through  the  body  just  back  of  the  fore¬ 
legs,  however,  counts  five  points,  for  which  the  desire 
to  obtain  endurance  and  a  supposed  possible  freedom 


wai 


* 

£  *  -  ,v  -* '  ~ 

-  ■  a’.-.  Wi  T  .'V  * 

. 

. 


SELECTING  THE  DAIRY  BULL. 
Best  Half  of  the  Herd. 


Part  I. 

“How  shall  a  farmer  with  his  present  herd  build  up 
a  family  of  well-shaped,  well-bred  and  profitable  ani¬ 
mals?”  First  buy  a  dozen  chemist’s  test  tubes  and  set 
the'  milk  of  every  cow  to  see  how  much  cream  will 
rise.  These  test  tubes  are  perhaps  eight  inches  long 
and  more  than  an  inch  in  diameter,  without  necks; 
they  show  the  cream  to  perfection,  and  if  you  wish 
to  go  further  and  test  it  they  will  pour  out  cleaner  of 
cream  than  other  bottles.  In  a  cream  test  with  acid 
it  is  necessary  to  mix  the  cream  with  the  milk  per¬ 
fectly  before  removing  (with  a  pipette)  the  necessary 
17  cubic  centimeters.  The  number  of  months  each 
cow  has  been  in  lactation  should  be  considered  in 
these  tests,  as  the  cream 
grows  thicker  as  lacta¬ 
tion  advances.  If  you 
have  weighed  your  milk 
and  measured  your 
cream  and  put  the 
amount  down  in  a  memo¬ 
randum  book  with  the 
date,  you  have  taken  the 
first  step  toward  improv¬ 
ing  your  herd.  You  will 
be  almost  certain  to  buy 
a  milk  scale  and  a  Bab¬ 
cock  tester  so  as  to  do  it 
thoroughly  after  trying 
a  little  while  to  get  at 
the  facts  in  a  cruder 
way. 

The  next  thing  to  do 
is  to  take  the  following 
score  card  into  the  barn 
and  go  over  each  cow  by 
its  help,  so  as-  to  see 
what  good  judges  con¬ 
sider  the  best  type,  and 
how  far  your  best  milk¬ 
ers  conform  to  it.  This 
is  a  Jersey  . score  card.  I 
give  it  because  I  breed 
Jerseys  and  know  their 
points.  But  as  the  Jer¬ 
sey  is  the  ideal  cream 
cow  you  will  find  that 
what  holds  good  for  Jer¬ 
seys  is  also  true  to  a 
great  extent  of  other 
milking  strains.  The  va¬ 
rious  parts  of  cow  re¬ 
ferred  to  in  scale  of 
points  are  shown  by  numbers  in  the  illustration, 
Fig.  501,  as  follows.  (1),  horn;  (2),  withers;  (3), 
back;  (4),  paunch;  (5),  tail;  (6),  milk  veins. 

The  points  are  gathered  under  nine  heads  of  differ¬ 
ing  value  as  set  forth  by  different  breeders,  but  total 
100  in  each  case.  Head,  medium  in  size;  lean;  face 
dished;  broad  between  the  eyes,  narrow  between  the 
horns  (4).  Eyes  full  and  placid;  horns  small  to 
medium,  incurving;  muzzle  broad  with  muscular  lips; 
strong  tinder  jaw  (3).  The  head  of  a  Jersey  cow 
should  be  dainty;  a  coarse  head  is  a  sign  of  poor 
milking  qualities,  and  a  plump  cheek  is  fatal.  The 
lean  face  showing  its  veins  goes  with  milk  produc¬ 
tion.  The  horn  should  be  small,  on  the  same  prin¬ 
ciple;  it  shows  the  quality  of  the  animal’s  bone.  The 
texture  of  the  horn  is  important ;  it  should  be  waxy 
amber  if  possible,  while  the  prescribed  inward  curve 


1330 

from  tuberculosis  are  responsible.  The  next  point  is 
somewhat  conflicting — wedge-shaped,  with  deep  large 
paunch  ( e ),  legs  proportionate  to  size  and  of  line 
quality.  The  wedge  shape  is  of  prime  importance  in 
a  dairy  cow ;  looking  at  her  from  before  she  should 
swell  out  immediately  behind  her  forelegs  and  con¬ 
tinue  to  grow  larger  till  at  the  hips  she  has  great 
width,  so  as  to  give  room  for  a  very  broad  udder. 
The  depth  of  a  cow,  the  great  barrel  which  contains 
the  digestive  organs,  is  the  all-important  thing. 
She  must  have  length,  breadth  and  thickness.  A  cow 
with  a  poor  middle  piece  may  begin  well,  but  her  di¬ 
gestion  handicaps  her.  “Depth,”  to  be  sure,  is  largely 
a  matter  of  development;  calves  fed  plenty  of  rough- 
age  will,  if  their  ribs  permit,  mature  with  good  bodies, 
and  in  breeding  from  generation  to  generation  one 
sees  how  the  bodies  develop  in  depth  under  good 
feeding.  But  in  looking  over  a  herd  for  the  first  time 
it  is  surprising  how  one  may  be  deceived.  The  two- 
year-old  does  not  promise  the  abdominal  development 
of  the  fully  mature  animal;  cows  thicken  up  just  as 
human  beings  do ;  but  they  must  be  built  for  it  or  they 
.can’t.  It  is  impossible  to  predict  in  just  what  order 
the  growth  of  a  cow  will  proceed.  Sometimes  she  is 
all  legs;  sometimes  she  seems  altogether  too  short,  es¬ 
pecially  in  the  back  and  hips;  then  her  spine  and  hip¬ 
bones  lengthen  and  her  body  fills  out.  I  remember 
sending  three  calves  to  an  agricultural  fair.  The 
judge  refused  to  consider  them  on  the  ground  (a) 
that  they  were  too  small  and  had  been  starved;  (b) 
that  they  had  no  heart  girth ;  (c)  that  their  hips  were 
hopelessly  narrow.  This  was  crushing,  and  I  with¬ 
drew  in  a  very  dilapidated  condition.  Two  years 
later  the  bull,  grown  into  a  large  robust  animal  with 
unusually  wide  hips  and  all  the  size  in  his  fore¬ 
quarters  anybody  could  ask  for,  went  to  be  the  pride 
of  a  customer’s  herd.  His  daughters  are  just  coming 
into  milk  now;  hips  very  broad,  heart  girth  all  I  can 
tolerate,  bodies  very  deep.  And  the  rejected  heifers 
have  developed  into  large  sturdy  cows,  persistent 
milkers.  One  of  them  gave  me  14)4  pounds  of  but¬ 
ter  in  seven  days  last  month.  In  fact,  heifer’s  hips 
widen  very  much  as  they  mature. 

The  back  should  be  level,  neither  raised  nor  de¬ 
pressed,  from  withers  to  hip  bones.  Cows  carrying 
Golden  Lad  blood,  however,  often  curve  upward  to¬ 
ward  the  withers  (b),  and  excellent  milkers  are  very 
often  sway-backed.  Eurotin  and  Jersey  Belle  of 
Seituate  were  hollow-backed.  The  present  fashion 
now  calls  for  a  back  level  from  withers  clear  to  the 
extremity  of  the  animal ;  the  big  rump  bones  that 
were  formerly  thought  to  indicate  constitution,  rising 
high  above  the  level  of  the  hip  bones  and  finishing  in 
a  huge  humpy  tail-setting,  have  been  bred  off,  and 
the  tail  of  the  show  cow  now  lies  flat  at  setting  on, 
like  a  horse’s.  This  marks  the  difference  between 
Island  breeding  and  American.  The  American  breeder 
has  his  eye  fixed  on  milk  production  and  nothing  else. 
It  is  not  pretended  that  the  big  coarse-boned  beast, 
with  coarse  horns,  big  ugly  head,  hideous  humpy  tail 
and  drooping  hip  bones,  with  an  udder  that  swished 
and  flapped  between  her  hind  legs  when  empty,  did 
not  give  milk  and  good  milk.  She  did,  and  a  great 
deal  of  it,  too.  But  she  was  a  badly  planned,  homely 
cow.  The  new  Jersey  is  exquisitely  beautiful ;  not  be¬ 
cause  she  is  delicate,  but  because  having  got  the 
essential,  milk  production,  we  have  learned  how  to 
get  rid  of  ugly  traits  that  either  do  not  help  or  posi¬ 
tively  injure  the  milking  function. 

Rump  long  to  tail-setting  and  level  from  hip  bones 
to  rump  bones.  The  hip  bones  should  be  high  and 
wide  apart,  and  they  must  not  droop  at  the  back  so 
as  to  give  a  horse-like  rump.  The  rump  must  be  level 
and  not  made  so  by  a  huge-jointed,  high-riding  bone. 
The  length  of  the  cow  from  the  hip  bones  to  the  tail 
is  of  great  moment.  It  defines  the  size  of  the  udder. 
The  loins  must  be  broad  and  strong.  You  often  see 
the  expression  “deep  at  flank”  nowadays.  As  a  mat¬ 
ter  of  fact  the  flank  should  be  cut  out  clean  and 
high  to  make  room  for  the  great  udder,  and  the  most 
beautiful  types  are  so  cut;  but  with  “heart  girth”  has 
come  a  thickness  all  along  the  body,  so  that  people 
are  now  breeding  cows  thicker  in  the  body  above  the 
flank,  while  the  abdomen  still  curves  downward 
sharply  to  give  room  for  the  huge  paunch.  The 
thighs  must  be  thin,  flat,  and  well  cut  out,  and  the 
hips  should  be  thin.  Otherwise  you  get  beef. 

Two  points  are  allowed  for  a  long,  thin  tail  («), 
not  coarse  at  setting  on,  z trith  a  good  switch.  I  place 
a  good  deal  of  stress  on  the  switch  myself.  It  seems 
to  me  to  correllate  with  constitution.  A  few  years 
ago  the  tail  lay  between  the  ends  of  the  high  rump 
bones  in  a  little  channel.  Blue  Belle’s  tail  was  like 
that.  But  these  bones  are  not  as  sharp  now  and  the 
tail  is  flatter.  I  have  always  found  milk  correlate 
with  a  very  long,  thin  tail.  fanny  morris  smith. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-VORKER 

PARCELS  POST  AND  US  TWO  ENEMIES. 

The  possibilities  and  practicability  of  parcels  post 
have  been  well  established  and  understood.  My  own 
articles,  published  last  Winter,  are  no  doubt  well  re¬ 
membered.  If  we  confine  ourselves  to  suggesting 
methods  of  establishing  a  parcels  post  only  we  shall 
find  that  we  have  been  barking  up  the  wrong  tree,  and 
counting  our  eggs  before  they  were  laid.  What  we 
need  now  is  action,  and  concerted  action.  Such  action 
has  already  been  taken  against  it  by  at  least  two  or¬ 
ganizations,  viz.,  the  Penny  Postage  League,  and  the 
Credit  Men’s  Association. 

“The  greatest  danger  to  the  parcels  post  movement  lies 
in  the  demand  for  a  one-cent  letter  rate.  Members  of 
Congress  are  now  being  flooded  with  letters  from  bankers 
and  wholesale  merchants  asking  for  one-cent  letter  postage. 
The  similarity  of  the  language  in  the  letters  shows  con¬ 
clusively  that  they  are  not  written  because  these  men 
feel  the  two-cent  rate  to  be  burdensome,  but  because 
some  interested  organization  has  agitated  the  subject. 
Establishment  of  the  one-cent  letter  postage  would  mean 
a  reduction  of  the  revenue  of  the  postal  service  and 
would  delay  enactment  of  parcels  post  legislation.  No 
European  country  has  one-cent  letter  postage,  but  Euro¬ 
pean  rates  on  parcels  are  much  less  than  ours.  Our  letter 
rate  is  not  burdensome.  Strange  as  it  may  seem,  the  de¬ 
mand  for  reduced  letter  postage  comes  chiefly  from  bankers, 
who  are  abundantly  able  to  pay  the  two-cent  rate. 

I  am  quoting  the  above  from  a  statement  made  by 
Senator  Jonathan  Bourne,  chairman  of  the  Senate 
Committee  on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads.  It  shows 
how  the  action  is  viewed  and  received  by  many  mem¬ 
bers  of  Congress.  It  is  looked  upon  as  unnecessary 
and  not  as  a  matter  demanding  favorable  legislation. 
Even  a  strong  suggestion  is  apparent  that  parcels 
post  legislation  is  far  more  needed.  And  it  points 
out  the  weakness  of  their  case  in  that  circulars  and 
similarity  of  language  are  used.  A  number  of  letters, 


AN  ILLINOIS  WELL-DRILLING  OUTFIT.  Fig.  503.  1 


by  all  advocates  of  parcels  post,  to  their  Congress¬ 
men,  stating  their  own  wants  and  needs,  are  far  more 
effective  than  thrice  the  number  of  circulars.  We  are 
in  need  of  parcels  post  and  if  we  ask  for  it  we  will 
get  it. 

Mr.  Burrows,  president  of  the  Penny  Postage 
League,  has  been  working  for  a  reduction  in  letter 
postage  as  early  as  1906.  In  an  article  then  published 
he  referred  to  agricultural  papers  and  others  as  “weeds 
of  literature” — being  of  little  value  and  causing  a 
deficit.  He  was  then  advocating  an  increase  in  the 
rate  on  periodicals  so  that  a  one-cent  rate  could  be 
had  for  letters.  The  R.  N.-Y.  made  reference  to  this 
statement  in  an  editorial,  and  he  has  remained  under 
cover  since  then.  The  country  merchant  has  been 
continually  referred  to  as  being  harmed  or  even 
ruined  by  parcels  post,  should  it  be  established.  The 
Credit  Men’s  Association  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  has 
drawn  up  a  report,  the  chief  objection  being  the  hard¬ 
ship  its  establishment  would  work  upon  the  small 
merchant  in  the  country  village  or  small  town. 

He  would  have  to  carry  the  load  of  unfair  competition 
with  distant  establishments,  practically  subsidized  by  the 
Government,  whose  sole  object  is  to  entice  the  cash  busi¬ 
ness  from  the  community.  With  the  local  competition 
stifled,  the  farmer  would  doubtless  soon  have  to  pay 
higher  prices  for  necessities,  and  there  would  be  at  times 
great  delay  in  obtaining  much-needed  supplies. 

A  copy  of  this  report  has  been  sent  to  President 
Taft,  members  of  Congress,  and  the  73  Credit  Men’s 
Associations  in  the  United  States.  The  first  part  of 
the  report  sounds  reasonable,  but  the  last  part  is  ab¬ 
solutely  groundless.  If  the  association  is  so  con¬ 
cerned  about  the  facilities  the  rural  people  have  for 
getting  “much-needed  supplies,”  I  would  suggest  that 
they  help  along  the  cause  of  parcels  post,  the  needed 
agent  for  making  these  deliveries,  instead  of  trying 
to  defeat  it.  The  express  companies  are  performing 
this  service  to-day,  and  many  have  experienced  the 
manner  in  which  it  is  often  done.  I  have  seen  crates 
of  poultry,  dropped  by  express  men,  without  even 
stooping  over.  If  the  crate  is  low  and  poultry  can 
put  their  heads  out  at  the  top,  others  piled  on  top 


December  30, 

will  often  catch  the  head  and  kill  them,  if  no  care  is 
used.  This  is  the  fault  of  employes,  but  it  is  also  the 
reflection  of  the  business  principles  of  the  company. 
Parcels  post  will  not  carry  crates  of  poultry,  but  it 
will  provide  competition  which  may  remedy  many 
present  abusds. 

Letter  postage  produces  about  70  per  cent  of  the 
postal  revenues.  If  this  is  cut  in  half,  when  will  we 
get  parcels  post?  Will  we  ever  get  it  if  no  special 
appropriation  is  made  for  that  purpose?  Is  the  fight 
against  parcels  post  made  to  get  a  one-cent  letter  rate, 
or  a  one-cent  letter  rate  asked  to  defeat  parcels  post? 
Do  the  Credit  Men's  Associations  really  want  to  pro¬ 
tect  the  country  merchant  and  the  rural  communities, 
or  are  they  looking  to  their  own  special  interests? 
How  much  advantage  are  the  express  companies  get¬ 
ting  with  the  defeat  of  parcels  post?  I  will  not  at¬ 
tempt  to  answer  these  questions,  but  you  can  do  so 
yourself. 

The  department  has  extensive  data  to  show  any 
loss  or  profit  at  any  weight  or  distance  for  any  class 
of  mail.  A  “trial”  on  rural  routes,  as  suggested,  is  un¬ 
necessary  and  will  only  prove  the  messenger  boy  for 
the  express  companies  and  a  gainer  of  time.  Parcels 
post  within  any  county  and  all  routes  originating  in 
the  county  can  and  should  be  established.  This  will 
give  a  short  and  profitable  haul.  For  further  exten¬ 
sion  it  will  be  necessary  to  graduate  for  rate,  weight 
and  distance.  The  county  zone  will  furnish  the  data 
for  doing  so,  the  rural  route  neither  data  nor  service 
worthy  of  the  name.  A  package  weighing  10  pounds 
costs  less  to  handle  than  10  packages  weighing  one 
pound  each.  In  a  distance  of  100  miles  or  more  it 
costs  less  per  mile  •  to  handle  than  only  a  short  dis¬ 
tance.  I  base  my  calculations  on  actual  working  con¬ 
ditions  gained  from  almost  10  years’  experience  in  a 
postal  car.  Parcels  post  and  the.  county  zone  should 
be  our  cry.  We  cannot  get  less  and  receive  anything. 
Letters  will  bring  it.  b.  e.  Evans. 

Maryland. 


“FAKE’'  PRICES  FOR  BUTTER  AND  EGGS. 

A  western  paper  states  that  in  Chicago  there  is  a 
scheme  among  the  butter  and  egg  dealers  to  make  “fake” 
prices,  which  run  from  one  to  four  cents  below  actual 
wholesale  rates.  Then  the  dealers  make  contracts  with 
creameries  to  pay  a  “premium”  of  several  cents  above 
the  market  rates.  They  use  the  “fake”  price  quotations, 
and  make  a  nice  margin.  A  suit  has  been  brought  to 
dissolve  the  Chicago  Butter  and  Egg  Board,  and  one 
witness  is  reported  as  testifying : 

“The  big  dealers  not  only  flimflam  the  creamery  men, 
whom  they  have  absolutely  in  their  clutches,  but  they 
sell  the  butter  at  their  own  prices  to  us  and  to  other 
wholesale  dealers  and  jobbers,  who  don't  buy  directly  from 
the  creameries.  We  have  to  make  a  little  profit,  and  the 
grocer  has  to  make  some  profit,  and  by  the  time  the 
butter  gets  to  the  consumer  it  costs  a  great  deal.  At 
the  other  end  of  the  line  the  creamery,  being  squeezed 
on  its  contract,  in  turn  squeezes  the  farmer.  The  farmer 
and  the  consumer  get  the  worst  of  the  bargain.” 

Do  such  practices  exist  in  New  York.  j.  l.  e. 

It  is  true  that  these  board  of  trade  prices  are  manip¬ 
ulated  so  that  dealers  can  offer  creamery  men  one 
cent  per  pound  or  more  above  the  New  York,  Chicago  , 
or  Elgin  quotation.  This  “premium”  practice  is  so  i 
generally  understood  that  it  is  doubtful  whether  many 
butter  makers  or  tradesmen  are  deceived  now,  but  it 
complicates  the  situation  in  much  the  same  way  as  a 
series  of  discounts  in  other  lines  of  trade.  Some 
time  ago  the  New  York  Mercantile  Exchange  was 
enjoined  by  the  courts  from  giving  out,  as  official 
quotations,  lower  prices  than  the  butter  was  actually 
selling  for  on  that  day.  For  a  time  the  Exchange  de¬ 
clined  to  give  out  any  quotations,  but  later  quotations 
were  made  on  a  somewhat  improved  basis,  though 
it  is  well  known  that  they  do  not  now  represent  cor¬ 
rectly  the  current  of  trade.  The  premium  plan  is 
based  on  deception,  and  the  fact  that  many  honest 
houses  use  it  because  they  find  it  difficult  to  do  busi¬ 
ness  otherwise,  is  no  excuse  for  the  evil. 

A  trial  of  selling  butter,  eggs,  and  poultry,  both 
live  and  dressed,  at  auction,  is  soon  to  be  made  in 
New  York,  and  this  may  develop  in  such  a  way  as  to 
break  the  monopoly  in  these  products  now  enjoyed  by 
a  few  big  operators.  An  auction  sale  conducted  on 
the  square,  both  as  to  the  products  sold  and  the 
methods  of  selling,  gives  a  wholesome  publicity  to  the 
business,  and  puts  it  on  an  entirely  different  basis 
from  the  exchange  method  of  making  a  price  on  one 
or  two  fake  sales.  It  is  no  secret  that  among  the 
largest  butter  operators,  who  dictate  prices  and  domi¬ 
nate  the  market,  are  those  vitally  interested  in  oleo. 
With  their  large  capital  and  ample  secret  storage 
they  are  able  to  absorb  all  the  good  gutter  as  fast  as 
made  and  dole  it  out  at  as  high  prices  as  the  public 
can  be  made  to  pay.  Their  own  oleo  press  agents  find 
this  high  price  of  butter  a  good  argument  for  re¬ 
moving  the  oleo  tax,  thus  catching  the  public  both 
coming  and  going. 


J9H.  THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER  .  liJ31 

AIR  SPRAYERS  OF  MODERATE  SIZE. 

The  perfect  spray  outfit  for  the  average  suburbanite 
and  small  farmer  is  still  to  come.  I  represent,  as  I 

necticut.  The  50  houses  appear  to  be  built  with  two  believe,  a  large  number  of  suburbanites  who  live  ad-  .  -  .  ...  .  T  , 

rtnpri  win^iow5.  on  the  south  si<te  T  wonder  if  they  intend  •  ,  .  ..  .  .  ,  ,  these  spray  outfits,  wlio  will  see  the  matter  as  1  do, 

open  windows  on  tne  soutn  side,  i  wonoer  u  rney  intenu  Jacent  to  tbe  clty  on  smau  pieces  of  ground,  who  ,  T  ,  j  u  .  j  .  i  ,  :  , 

to  leave  this  open  during  the  entire  Winter?  My  hen-  ,,  ,  ,  .  ,  ..  ...  <  c  and  I  would  be  glad  to  have  such  parties  write  a  reply 

house  is  8x16.  I  have  35  R.  I.  Reds.  There  are  two  would  be  glad  to  purchase,  if  possible,  such  an  outht 

as  I  will  try  to  describe.  In  the  first  place,  I  live  on 

two  acres  of  land.  I  have  about  100  fruit  trees  of  the  suburbanite  aid  small'' farmer! 
different  kinds,  a  few  from  12  to  IS  years  old,  others  Kent  Co  Mich 
from  three  to  five  years  old.  When  spraying  time 
Replying  to  the  above,  I  would  answer  yes ;  it  is  comes  around,  with  any  form  of  small  sprayer  now  on 
proposed  to  leave  the  front  windows  wide  open  night  the  market,  it  becomes  absolutely  necessary  to  have 


THE  OPEN  FRONT  POULTRY  HOUSE. 
The  Principle  of  Construction. 

I  have  been  reading  about  the  poultry  contest  in  Con- 


full-sized  windows  on  the  south  side.  Would  you  advise 
leaving  the  windows  out  during  the  entire  Winter?  I  can 
close  all  the  other  opening  so  there  would  be  no  draft. 
What  would  you  advise  as  to  the  floors?  P.  d. 

Ferrisburg,Vt. 


sides  the  difference  in  expense  would  probably  be 
made  up  in  the  first  season’s  use  by  the  saving  of  the 
extra  labor  of  the  second  man.  I  hope  this  article 
will  meet  the  eye  of  some  practical  manufacturer  of 


statiing  whether  there  is  any  unsurmountable  difficul¬ 
ties  in  the  way  of  producing  such  an  ideal  sprayer  for 

J.  B.  B. 


and  day,  only  using  the  drop  curtains  to  keep  out  the  help  of  a  second  man ;  one  to  keep  the  pump  go- 


DRILLING  FARM  WELLS. 

Farm  wells  in  Cook  and  other  northern  Illinois  coun- 


some  driving  snow  or  rainstorm.  There  are  also  slid-  ing,  the  other  to  hold  the  nozzle.  I  know  in  many  ties  are  in  such  demand  that  the  work  is  being 
ing  windows  on  the  east  anc  west  sides  near  the  catalogues  issued  by  makers  of  spray  outfits,  there  are  prosecuted  in  all  kinds  of  weather,  Summer  and  Win- 
front;  these  are  to  let  in  the  morning  and  afternoon  very  pretty  illustrations  showing  a  man  standing  be-  ter.  It  is  easy  to  estimate  that  more  than  8,000  wells 
sunshine.  It  is  hard  for  many  people  to  believe  that  side  a  tree  pumping  the  machine  with  one  hand  and  have  been  bored  in  Cook  County  in  recent  years,  but 
the  open  front  house  is  actually  warmer  than  the  holding  the  nozzle  with  the  other.  This  looks  all  right  they  have  increased  still  more  rapidly  in  the  last  two 


closed  house.  I  was  talking  last  even¬ 
ing  with  a  farmer  who  keeps  Black 
Minorcas.  These  birds  have  very  large 
combs.  He  had  a  long  poultry  house 
with  the  front  nearly  all  glass  and  had 
great  trouble  with  frozen  combs.  Read¬ 
ing  about  the  open  houses  he  took  all 
the  glass  out,  and,  to  use  his  own  words, 
“did  not  have  another  frozen  comb.”  I 
have  a  house  20  feet  long  by  12  wide. 
I  built  on  to  the  front  carrying  the 
same  slope  of  roof  until  the  front  was 
three  feet  high,  so  that  wire  netting 
three  feet  wide  and  20  feet  long  closes 
the  entire  front ;  the  back  is  six  feet 
high,  and  the  roosts  are  about  two  feet 
higher  than  the  eaves  in  front.  Now 
the  warm  air  from  nearly  100  fowls 
banks  up  in  the  upper  part  of  the  house, 
and  this  is  by  far  the  warmest  house  I 


NOT  ALL  EGGS  IN  THE  BASKET.  Fig.  503.  (See  page  1245.) 


years.  City  wells  in  districts  not 
reached  by  water  systems  or  to  rein¬ 
force  a  water  supply  have  been  sunk 
in  great  number.  The  average  depth  of 
a  well  is  about  150  feet,  and  the  average 
cost  is  somewhere  near  $200.  The  water 
easily  is  obtained  at#  much  shallower 
depths,  but  the  quality  in  the  deeper 
holes  is  much  better.  Hundreds  of  wells 
of  the  old  style  are  being  abandoned  and 
filled  up.  They  were  from  four  to  six 
feet  in  diameter  and  from  20  to  30  feet 
deep,  walled  up  but  permitting  seepage 
water  and  animals  to  get  into  them.  The 
new  wells  are  from  four  to  six  inches 
in  diameter  and  cased  from  the  rock  to 
the  pump.  Each  well  is  tested  before 
the  contractor  gets  his  pay  by  pumping 
40  hours  with  a  steam  pump.  The  tests 
show  that  the  average  well  yields  a  bar- 


deep;  this  is  just  wrong  according  to  the  “Tolman’ 
fresh  air  house,  which  is  deeper  than  it  is  long,  and 
higher  in  back  than  in  front,  but  the  poultry  houses  at 


have,  even  water  on  the  ground  only  three  feet  from  on  paper,  but  is  not  practical  in  actual  work.  Now,  rel  a  minute  or  about  1,500  barrels  in  the  24-hour 
the  open  front  does  not  freeze  ice  of  half  the  thick-  the  trouble  comes  in  getting  hold  of  the  second  man  day.  Water  from  such  wells  is  greatly  in  demand  on 
ness  it  is  in  any  of  my  old  tight  front  houses.  This  man’s  just  at  the  time  you  want  him.  As  a  rule  this  work  the  dairy  farms  where  it  may  be  given  to  the  cows 
house,  8x16,  is  probably  16  feet  long  and  eight  feet  of  spraying  is  done  by  such  persons  as  myself  at  early  without  heating.  I  he  dairymen  have  found  out  that 

morning,  in  the  evening  and  (shall  I  say  it?)  on  it  is  an  undesirable  thing  to  allow  their  cows  to  drink 
Sunday.  out  of  a  hole  in  the  ice-covered  pond  or  stream,  not 

The  ideal  spray  outfit  for  such  a  small  army  as  I  to  say  anything  about  comparative  quality  of  the  two 
Cornell  College  are  higher  in  front  than  in  back,  being  am  a  member  of,  according  to  my  way  of  thinking,  sources  of  supply.  I  he  well  shown  in  the  aepom- 
about  seven  feet  in  front  by  4^4  feet  in  back,  and  12  would  be  a  so-called  compressed  air  outfit,  consisting  panying  picture,  Fig.  502,  was  a  record-breaker  in  the 
feet  deep.  These  are  open  in  front  except  about  three  of  two  small  tanks  combined  either  on  a  frame,  which  matter  of  time  required  to  reach  excellent  water.  It  re¬ 
feet  from  the  bottom,  which  is  boarded  up  to  prevent  can  be  set  on  to  a  good  broad-wheeled  wheelbarrow,  quired  only  six  days’  drilling,  was  bored  on  one  of  the 
the  wind  blowing  directly  on  the  fowls.  There  is  but  or  preferably  on  a  two-wheeled  truck,  which  is  part  of  farms  of  James  McGawn,  Cook  County,  by  J.  C. 
one  slope  to  the  roof.  The  Tolman  house  has  a  win-  the  outfit  as  manufactured.  Connected  with  one  of  Ayers,  who  has  been  sinking  wells  in  the  same  neigh- 
dow  on  one  side  just  in  front  of  the  roosts,  and  a  the  tanks  would  be  a  form  of  a  good  hand  air-pump  borhood  for  18  years,  and  whose  father  was  a  well- 
door  in  the  opposite  side  for  ventilation  and  coolness  capable  of  pumping  the  air  into  one  of  the  tanks  with-  digger,  a  pioneer  in  such  occupation  throughout 
in  Summer.  When  the  window  and  door  are  closed  out  too  great  an  exertion,  and  to  such  a  pressure  that  northern  Illinois.  j.  l.  graff. 

there  is  no  draft  of  air  from  the  open  front.  My  either  all  or  half  of  the  spray  material  which  would 

be  contained  in  the  other  tank  could  be  discharged  A  MOTOR  FOR  ORCHARD  WORK, 
at  the  nozzle  before  pumping  more  air.  It  is  plain  The  great  difficulty  in  getting  a  traction  engine  for 


neighbor  has  three  poultry  houses,  the  front  21  feet 
long,  four  feet  high,  closed  only  with  wire  netting. 

Last  Winter  he  went 
into  one  of  these  houses" 
when  there  was  a  howl¬ 
ing  gale  of  wind;  inside 
all  was  calm  and  peace¬ 
ful,  the  pullets  singing 
and  scratching  in  the 
litter,  and  absolutely  no 
indication  of  the  gale, 
although  the  houses  were 
rocking  with  its  violence. 

The  explanation  is  very 
simple;  it  is  because  the 
air  in  the  house  cannot 
escape;  the  wind  blow¬ 
ing  against  the  open 
front  can  only  compress 
the  air  inside.  If  a  door 
near  the  rear  was  opened, 
the  draft  through  the 
house  would  equal  the 
speed  of  the  wind  outside. 

As  to  board  or  earth  floors,  my  preference  is  de-  that  with  such  an  outfit  one  man  could  do  the  work  out  leaving  his  place.  Thus  one  man  with  this  tractor 
cidedly  for  earth ;  but  it  should  be  dry,  and  higher  and  would  be  independent  in  the  way  of  having  to  can  do  the  work  of  three  teams  and  three  men.  The 
than  the  ground  outside.  My  practice  is  to  sift  the  chase  up  the  extra  man  at  such  time  as  he  might  be  disk  harrow  used  with  the  .  tractor  in  the  peach  or- 

earth  so  that  no  stones  go  into  the  house,  then  after  needed.  I  could  spray  an  hour  in  the  morning  and  chard  is  12  feet  wide,  taking  a  wide  swath,  while  the 

the  weekly,  cleaning  of  the  droppings  boards,  spread  an  hour  in  the  evening  with  such  an  outfit,  which  plow  is  the  pony  engine  four-bottom  plow,  and  can 
some  of  this  dry  earth  an  inch  deep  on  the  boards  to  would  be  an  impossibility  as  now  situated,  because  of  turn  a  furrow  four  to  nine  inches  deep  and,  14  inches,, 
absorb  the  wet  part  of  the  droppings.  I  would  advise  the  lack  of  the  extra  man  at  the  right  moment.  I  wide.  We  have  used  the  plow  in  hard  land  Turning 
P.  D.  to  take  the  windows  out  of  his  house,  tack  some  would  suggest  an  outfit  which  would  hold  possibly  three  furrows  at  once,  nine  inches  deep  and  14  inches 
muslin  on  frames,  hinge  them  at  top  so  they  can  be  from  10  to  15  gallons.  Of  course  the  air  pump  should  wide,  more  easily  than  a  team  would  plp'w  one  fur- 
hung  up  against  the  roof,  and  drop  them  to  close  the  be  provided  with  air  pressure  gauge  and  the  whole  row  in  the  same  land.  We  have  dragged  and  rolled 

window  openings  during  driving  storms  or  in  zero  outfit  should  be  made  perfect,  and  so  as  to  get  the  at  the  same  time  with  the  tractor,  placing  one.  irrtple- 

desired  pressure  with  the  minimum  labor  at  the  pump,  ment  behind  the  other,  thus  saving  horseflesh.  Besides 
Even  though  the  expense  of  such  an  outfit  might  field  and  orchard  work,  we  have  used  the  engine  with 
many  directions,  and  nowhere  is  it  more  beneficial  be  much  more  than  the  present  outfits  on  the  market,  great  success  in  filling  silos,  cutting  stalks  .and  wood, 
than  in  the  henhouse.  But  don’t  think,  because  the  j  believe  there  is  an  armv  0f  suburbanites  waiting  for  in  grinding  feed.  Besides' all  of.,  thiv  one  of  its, 

hens  enjoy  an  open-front  house,  that  you  can  ignore  .  best  qualities  is,  when  not  in  use,- ltus  not.  eating  any 

cracks  or  defective  building.  The  hou„e  must  be  tight  Just  suc^  a  sPray  machine,  'vyhq  would  be  willing  to  0f  the  present  day’s  high  priced  feed, 
v  and  well  built.  pay  the  difference  simply  because  of  the  handiness,  be-  Niagara  Co.,  N.  Y.  John.  c.  lindsay-. 


A  FARM  MOTOR  SUCCESSFUL  IN  NEW  YORK  ORCHARDS.  Fig.  504. 


orchard  work  has  been  in 
finding  one  low  enough 
not  to  interfere  with  the 
low  trimmed  peach 
trees,  but  after  two  or 
three  years  of  investiga¬ 
tion  the  desired  article 
has  at  last  been  found. 
The  tractor  in  the  ac- 
c  o  m  p  a  n  y  i  ng  picture, 
Fig.  504,  stands  only 
four  feet  high  and  has 
30-horse  power.  It  is  a 
two-cylinder  engine  and 
is  operated  on  the  same 
principle  and  as  easily  as 
an  automobile  by  a  man 
standing  on  a  little  plat¬ 
form  at  the  back.  The 
plow  or  disk  harrow  can 
be  controlled  by  levers 
by  the  same  man,  with- 


weather.  geo.  a.  cosgrove. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  fresh  air  cult  has  taken  hold  in 


15J32 


THE  RUre..A.L  NEW-YORKER 


December  30, 


FARMERS’  CLUB 

[  Every  query  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
name  and  address  of  the  writer  to  insure 
attention.  Before  asking  z.  question,  please  see 
whether  it  is  not  answered  in  our  advertising 
columns.  Ask  only  a  few  questions  at  one  time. 
Pul  questions  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper.l 


Commission  Men  and  “  Square  Deal.” 

J.  8.  P.,  Sylvan,  Wash. — Do  you  know 
of  any  State  that  has  passed  laws  restrict¬ 
ing  the  commission  or  brokerage  Arms  from 
handling  competitive  products  a  part  on 
commission,  and  a  part  on  ownership  from 
outright  purchase?  For  instance,  firms  in 
Tacoma  handle  oiR-  products  on  10  per  cent 
commission,  and  buy  the  like  product  out¬ 
right  from  Yakima,  and  in  consequence  our 
product  is  given  a  black  eye,  that  a  pre¬ 
mium  may  be  secured  on  the  Yakima  goods. 
We  want  a  square  deal.  Can  you  help  us? 

A  ns. — We  have  thus  far  been  un¬ 
able  to  find  any  State  law  covering  just 
this  point.  We  think  there  are  such 
laws.  Can  any  of  our  readers  refer  us 
to  them?  The  Interstate  Commerce 
Commission  has  no  jurisdiction  over 
this  business.  Under  the  common  law 
a  commission  merchant  has  the  right  to 
sell  on  commission  for  customers  and 
at  the  same  time -to  buy  direct  from 
other  parties  and  sell  in  competition 
with  his  commission  goods  unless  he 
holds  himself  out  as  doing  a  commis-. 
sion  business  only.  Naturally  if  a  com¬ 
mission  man  deals  in  both  lines  he  will 
give  the  preference  to  his  own  goods, 
and  it  is  probably  true  that  some  States 
by  statute  law  have  restricted  commis¬ 
sion  business  to  the  one  line  of  a 
strictly  commission  business. 


Virginia  Garden  Questions. 

J.  M.  K.,  Zurich,  Ya. — 1.  What  is  the 
best  early  tomato  for  shipping  short  dis¬ 
tances — from  25  to  50  miles?  I  have  grown 
Spark’s  Earliana,  but  it  is  too  soft  and 
seedy.  Is  there  no  early  tomato  with  more 
and  firmer  meat?  The  Earliana  ships  well, 
but  I  want  a  fruit  of  better  quality  if  pos¬ 
sible.  2.  I  sowed  some  turnip  salad  (the 
Seven-top)  in  August  and  September  and  it 
came  on  in  October,  running  from  12  to  24 
inches  high,  very  fine.  I  cut  it  about  four 
to  six  inches  from  the  ground  and  the 
hearts  are  green  now,  December  11.  Our 
climate  in  southwest  Virginia  is  mild,  eleva¬ 
tion  1,500  feet,  with  the  mercury  rarely 
below  eight  or  10  degrees,  and  very  rarely 
to  zerd.  Will  this  salad  come  out  again  in 
l  ie  Spring  with  a  little  nitrate  of  soda  to 
help?  3.  I  have  a  little  spinach  which 
was  too  late  for  Fall  cutting.  Will  it  come 
through  the  Winter  ? 

<Ans. — 1.  The  best  early  tomato  I  have 
tried — and  I  have  tested  almost  every 
sort — is  the  strain  of  Earliana  known 
as  the  Adirondack  strain.  This  is  the 
smoothest  and  most  solid  Earliana  I 
know  of.  Next,  more  solid  and  meaty, 
is  Bonny  Best.  This  is  slightly  later 
than  Earliana  and  is  a  very  fine  to¬ 
mato.  I  think  that  Bonny  Best  will  suit 
you  very  well. 

2.  There  is  no  difficulty  in  getting  the 
Seven-top  turnip  or  any  other  turnip 
to  winter  over  here  where  we  are  only 
a  few  feet  above  the  sea  level  and  be¬ 
tween  the  ocean  and  the  Chesapeake. 
We  have  no  zero  weather.  But 
whether  in  Giles  County  in  the  moun¬ 
tain  country  the  turnips  will  winter  can 
only  be  determined  by  experiment.  Bet¬ 
ter  cover  them  over  with  green  pine 
bushes.  The  same  is  true  of  the  spinach. 
I  have  never  had  any  trouble  in  win¬ 
tering  spinach  when  I  was  gardening  in 
Albemarle  County  right  under  the  Blue 
Ridge.  But  the  sunny  side  of  the  Blue 
Ridge  is  lower  and  warmer  than  the 
west  side,  and  a  little  protection  cf 
brush  will  do  no  harm  to  the  spinach. 
I  always  sow  some  spinach  in  August 
for  Fall  cutting  and  sow  twice  after¬ 
wards,  in  September  and  October,  the 
October  sowing  being  designed  to  get 
just  large  enough  to  wilt  and  be  cut  in 
Spring.  w.  F.  MASSEY.^ 

Wicomico  Co.,  Md. 


Nursery  Agents  and  Catalogs. 

I  have  noticed  the  article  by  W.  P. 
Massey  on  page  3  023,  the  purport  of  which 
seems  to  place  the  method  of  selling  nur¬ 
sery  stock  through  traveling  salesmen  in 
disrepute.  lie  says  there  are  two  classes  of 
agents — the  unreliable  fellows  who  buy  the 
culls  from  nurseries  and  fill  their  own 
orders,  and  the  men  who  actually  represent 
reliable  nurseries.  I  grant  this  to  be  true, 
and  that  the  former  should  not  be  patron¬ 
ized.  The  method  of  selling  nursery  stock 
through  catalogues  is  about  as  expensive 
as  selling  through  agents.  The  great 
number  of  catalogues  which  must  be  sent 
out  to  secure  a  moderate  amount  of  busi¬ 
ness  costs  a  lot  of  money  and  it  is  reason¬ 
able  to  assume  that  the  purchasers  of  trees 
have  to  pay  the  cost  of  these  catalogues, 
it  would  seem  to  me  that  the  agent  from 
whom  Mr.  Massey  got  a  price  on  a  list  of 
trees  was  not  well  posted,  or  the  firm  for 
whom  he  sold  was  not  up  to  date,  for  al¬ 
most  all  the  nurserymen  now  who  sell 
through  agents  make  arrangements  so  that 
on  all  orders  amounting  to  $20  and  up, 
they  can  sell  the  stock  at  the  nurseries  the 
same  as  the  catalogue  man  does.  In  this 
way  the  purchaser  gets  his  trees  from  the 


depot,  pays  the  freight,  and  remits  direct 
to  the  firm.  By  thus  saving  the  nursery¬ 
man  about  one-half  of  its  salesman’s  com¬ 
mission.  freight  charges  and  about  ten  per 
cent  as  the  deliveryman's  commission,  he  is 
able  to  meet  prices  with  honest  and  reliable 
growers  of  nursery  stock,  who  sell  by  cata¬ 
logue.  This  is  legitimate  business  and 
should  be  upheld  and  praised  by  the  hor¬ 
ticultural  press.  The  method  usually  pur¬ 
sued  by  the  tree  salesman  is  to  go  into  a 
neighborhood  and  get  all  the  orders  he  can, 
the  wholesale  orders  to  be  shipped  direct 
to  purchasers  and  the  other  smaller  retail 
orders  are  delivered  to  some  good  reliable 
careful  man  direct  to  the  door  of  the  pur¬ 
chaser.  For  the  average  buyer  who  usually 
buys  only  a  small  amount,  this  is  a  great 
convenience  and  is  worth  considerable.  It 
certainly  costs  the  nurserymen  something  in 
do  this,  and  most  people  appreciate  it  and 
are  willing  to  pay  for  it.  Many  of  the 
orders  are  very  small  and  planters  would 
not  order  any  other  way,  as  they  would 
not  care  to  go  to  the  depot  in  the  busy 
season  for  a  few  trees.  They  would  rather 
have  them  delivered. 

In  my  opinion  the  reliable  nurserymen 
who  sell  by  agents  are  fully  meeting  the 
demands  of  the  people  who  buy  trees. 
They  deliver  at  the  door  all  smali  orders, 
and  larger  planters  can  buy  to  meet  prices 
of  any  reliable  catalogue  man.  Reliable 
nurserymen  in  the  agency  business  are  not 
going  to  try  to  compete  with  the  unreli¬ 
able  fellows  who  advertise  cheap  “bargain” 
trees  in  their  catalogues.  The  writer  knew 
of  a  firm  advertising  cheap  trees,  claiming 
to  have  a  big  nursery,  which  positively  did 
not  grow  a  single  tree,  but  made  a  practice 
of  buying  up  all  the  culls  that  they  could 
get  hold  of  in  a  nursery  center,  and  grading 
them  up  as  best  they  could,  and  offered 
them  at  one-third  the  price  good  reliable 
growers  were  asking.  They  sent  out  a 
catalogue  list.  They  could  afford  to  sell 
cheap,  as  the  stock  did  not  cost  one-fifth  as 
much  as  it  costs  a  reliable  grower  to  pro¬ 
duce  first-class  stock.  These  trees  did  not 
prove  true  to  name,  and  great  damage  was 
done  to  the  planters  who  patronized  them. 
There  are  unreliable  people  selling  through 
catalogues,  and  they  should  be  avoided  as 
well  as  the  unreliable  traveling  “tree  job¬ 
ber.”  The  one  tendency  that  has  belittled 
the  nursery  business  is  the  cheap  lots  of 
cull  trees  offered  for  sale  by  some  of  the 
catalogues.  The  first  cost  of  a  tree  is 
nothing  compared  with  its  value  in  after 
years.  The  main  thing  is  to  get  the  best 
trees  true  to  name,  and  such  trees  the 
planter  should  be  willing  to  pay  for  ac¬ 
cording  to  their  value.  f.  a.  gueiixsey. 

Schoharie.  N.  Y. 

R.  N.-Y. — That  is  the  most  sensible  tree 
agent  article  we  have  had  yet,  and  the 
name  is  signed  to  it.  We  have  begged  at 
least  a  dozen  reliable  nurserymen  to  come 
forward  and  show  why  our  readers  should 
patronize  tree  agents.  Not  one  has  re¬ 
sponded.  Mr.  Guernsey,  like  all  the  rest, 
admits  that  there  are  fake  and  fraud 
agents.  Of  course  he  knows  that  this  trick 
of  buying  up  cull  trees  and  selling  them 
for  high-class  stock  is  not  confined  to  the 
catalogue  men.  Where  one  is  sold  in  this 
way  we  believe  five  are  sold  by  unscrupulous 
tree  agents.  And  still  we  wish  to  be  told 
why  our  readers  should  patronize  the 
agents ! 


Improving  Grass  Field. 

I  have  a  15-acre  field  which  I  seeded  this 
year  after  oats,  but  as  most  people  did.  I 
failed  miserably  to  get  a  stand.  The  field 
is  beginning  to  get  a  little  poor.  Would  it 
be  advisable  to  sow  either  millet  or  Hun¬ 
garian.  along  with  a  fair  amount  of  fertil¬ 
izer,  and  at  the  same  time  be  reasonably 
sure  of  a  grass  stand?  Which,  in  your 
opinion,  is  the  better  feed  of  the  two.  Hun¬ 
garian  or  millet,  for  dairy  cows?  J.  p. 

Camp  Chase,  O. 

We  prefer  Japanese  barnyard  millet.  It 
is  a  rank,  quick  grower  and  requires  a  rich 
soil  or  a  good  dressing  of  manure  or  fertil¬ 
izer.  Why  not  sow  oats  and  Canada  peas 
as  early  as  you  can  work  the  ground  and 
seed  grass  at  the  same  time?  You  will  get 
an  earlier  and  we  think,  a  better  crop  of 
fodder  or  hay  while  the  chances  for  a 
“catch”  of  grass  will  be  as  good  if  not  bet¬ 
ter  than  with  millet. 

“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers ;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 

POTATOES — Bliss,  Carman, Cobbler, Giant,  Hustler, Ohio,  Queen, 
Longfellow,  Rose, Wonder.  85  kinds.  C.W.  Ford,  Fishers,N.Y. 


Anples  and  Peach  Trees 

First  class  Apple  and  Peach  trees.  Apples 
from  oneinch  in  diameter  down.  Buy  your 
Apple  and  Peach  trees  at  home.  Hardy 
New  England  grown  trees.  Let  us  quote 
upon  your  list.  Send  for  our  prices  and 
descriptive  Catalogue.  Address, 

The  Stephen  Hoyt’s  Sons,  Co.,  New  Canaan,  Conn 


fSave  Money 
on  Feed 

Grind  the  corn  and  cob  and  your  stock 
will  surely  produce  more  meat  and  milk. 
Nutrition  alone  is  not  enough— you  must 
feed  bulk  also.  Put  your  grain  through  a 

Jleiv  o/foUand 

Feed  Mill 


and  your  stock  will  obtain  25$  extra  feed  value— 
thus  fattens  hogs  and  steers  quickly  and  ensures 
more  milk  in  the  pail.  New  Holland  Feed  Mill 
..  ,  .  can  be  adjusted  to 

Write  for  wood  sow  grind  coarse  or  fine, 

catalog  and  prices.  ,VT  It  is  easy  to  operate 

—prices  are  extra 
low  this  year  to  in¬ 
duce  big  sales.  “The 
Eight  Way  to  Feed 
Grain”  is  a  booklet 
every  farmer  needs — it’s 
free.  These  are  the  best 
and  lowest  priced  feed 
mills  on  the  market ;  so 
write  today. 

NEW  HOLLAND  MACHINE  CO., 

BOX  41,  NEW  HOLLAND,  PA. 


Quality  in 
Fertilizers 


It  pays  to  buy  quality  in  your  fertilizer,  as  it 

does  to  buy  good  seed,  a  sound  horse,  or  a  well  made 
tool.  Price  is  not  the  only  thing-  to  consider,  nor  is 
analysis  always  a  true  guide.  The  kind  of  materials, 
the  kind  of  factory  the  kind  of  men  who  run  that 
factory  tell  the  story. 

Our  Buffalo  factory  covers  fifteen  acres,  with 
eleven  acres  under  roof.  It  includes  every  facility 
known  to  the  business — sufficient  storage  for  all  stocks 
to  thoroughly  cure,  the  latest  machinery,  both  steam 
and  electric  power,  the  latter  from  Niagara  Falls. 
Half  of  the  factory  is  filled  with  the  best  materials 
money  can  buy  and  the  other  half  with  the  best 
manufactured  fertilizers.  Yet  this  is  only  one  of  our 
factories,  each  equipped  with  the  best  facilities,  and 
each  directed  by  the  best  men. 

Wherever  you  live,  we  can  reach  you  with  the  right 
fertilizer,  the  right  service,  and  the  right  price. 

Write  today  for  copy  of  “Plant  Food”,  a  practical 
hand  book  ©n  fertility.  No  advertising  in  it;  sent 
without  cost. 

Agents  wanted  in  unoccupied  territory.  Liberal' 
terms  and  goods  that  sell.  It  pays  to  sell  our  fertiliz¬ 
ers  as  well  as  use  them.  Ask  for  agency  proposition. 

The  American  Agricultural  Chemical  Co., 

Makers  of  brands  with  fifty  years 
of  quality  and  results  behind  them. 

‘129  Lewis  Street,  Buffalo,  New  York. 


When  you  buy 

you  know  just  how  many 

will  grOW.  Only  one  Seedsman  in  this  country 
tests  all  seeds  sold  and  marks  the  results  o£  the  tests 
be  label — that’s  Harris. 

e  raise  the  seeds,  on  our  own  farm  and  selldirect 
to  gardeners  and  farmers  at 
much  lower  prices  than  city 
seedsmen.  We  have  some  very 
fine  improved  varieties  of 

Potatoes,  Corn  and  Oats 

as  well  as  high  grade  vegetable 
seeds  for  truck  and  private 
gardens. 

Ask  for  our  catalog  and  also 
Market  Gardeners  wholesale 
pricelist,  if  you  grow  for  market. 

Jos. Harris  Co., Box  52,Coldwater,N.Y> 


HUNDREDS  OP  CARLOADS  OF 

Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees, 

Evergreens.  Shrubs,  Hardy 
Roses,  etc.  1.200  acres. 
50  in  Hardy  Roses,  none 
better  grown.  47  green¬ 
houses  o  £  Palms,  Ferns, Ficus. 
Everblooming  Roses,  Gera¬ 
niums.  and  other  things  too 
numerous  to  mention.  Mail  size 
postpaid,  safe  arrival  and  satisfaction  guaran¬ 
teed.  Immense  stock  of  SUPERB  CANNAS, 
the  queen  of  bedding  plants  Acres  of  Paeonias 
and  other  Perennials.  50  choice  collections 
cheap  in  Seeds,  Plants,  Roses,  etc.  For  Fruit 
and  Ornamental  Trees  ask  for  Catalog  No.  1,112 
pages;  for  Seeds.  Everblooming  Roses,  Cannas, 
Geraniums,  Greenhouse  and  Bedding  Plants  in 
general.  Catalog  No.  2, 168  pages.  Both  FREE. 
Direct  deal  will  insure  you  the  bestatleast 
cost.  Try  it.  58  years.  (25) 

THE  STORRS  &  HARRISON  CO. 

BOX  C80  .  PAINKSV1LLE,  O. 


FRUIT  TREES 
AND  PLANTS 

We  grow  more  fruit  trees  and  plants 
that  are  especially  adapted  to  conditions 
requiring  hardy,  vigorous  stock  than  any 
other  concern.  For  over  a  quarter  of  a 
century,  our  stock  has  stood  severe  quality 
tests — the  demand  for  it  steadily  increased. 
This  is  the  strongest  proof  that  our  trees 
and  plants  are  satisfactory  and  reliable. 

Send  for  our  free  Booklet,  which  boils 
down  for  your  benefit  our  thirty  years’ 
experience  in  fruit  growing. 


BARNES  BROS. 
Box  8. 


NURSERY  CO. 
Yalegville,  Conn. 


Peach  and  Apple  Trees 

For  fall  or  spring  planting.  Prices  right;  stock 
rigbt.  MYEK  &  SON,  Kridgeville,  Delaware 


Fruit  Trees  $6.48  for  100 

We  grow  the  trees  we  sell  and  guar¬ 
antee  them  true  to  name,  fresh, 
dug.  free  from  scale.  If  yon  want 
the  best  trees  at  wholesale  prices 
write  for  free  illustrated  catalog. 
Established  26  years.  250  acres. 
Capital  $60,000. 

Maloney  Bros.  &  Wells  Co. 
Box  8,  Dansville,  N.  V.  | 


Fruit  Trees 

Now  is  the  time  to  make  your  selec¬ 
tion  and  order  your  Fruit  Trees — while 
the  Nurseries  have  a  full  stock  to  select 
from,  and  while  you  have  time  to  attend 
to  it.  Call’s  Nurseries,  Perry,  O.,  have 
a  large  stock  of  the  best  quality  at  reason¬ 
able  prices.  They  deal  direct  with  the 
farmers.  Write  them  for  Price  Lfst. 

“How  toGrowandMarketFruit” 

Tells  the  Whale  Story  in  One  Volume  ;  gives  Lifetime  Exper- 
ence  of  Practical  Growers.  2,000  Acres  in  Nursery  Stock. 
Large  Stock  of  Peach  and  Apple  Trees, 

Write  for  catalog  and  bow  to  get  the  baak  free. 

HARRISON  NURSERIES ,  Berlin,  Md. 


SMALL  FRUITS 

I  grow  Strawberry,  Raspberry,  Black¬ 
berry  and  other  small  Fruit  Plants, 
Grape  Vines,  Shrubbery,  Privet,  etc. 
My  FREE  Catalogue  tells  the  truth 
about  them,  and  the  prices  quoted  are 
fair  for  good  stock,  true  to  name.  Write 
mo  today.  W.  F.  ALL.EN, 

72  Market  Street,  Salisbury,  Md. 


COW  PEA  cccn  Extra  quality.  Price* 
c/yy  Re  AN  ^T.r.LI  low,  considering  quality. 
MJI  BfcAN  ODLll/  Qur  distributine  houses 

save  you  freight.  Our  cow  pea  and  soy  beau 
booklet  sent  free  on  request.  Write  for  it  now. 

HICKORY  SEED  CO.,  124  Trade  St.,  Hickory,  N.  C. 


1311. 


12«3 


THE  RURAb  NEW-YORKRR 


ERADICATING  HORSE-NETTLE. 

}V, ,  K.  g.,  London  Grove,  Pa. — On  my 
farm  I  h.ave  three  small  patches  of  horse- 
nettle  (Solanum  Carolinense)  ;  a  local  name 
for  It  here  is  “Sodom  apple.”  Most  every 
one  here  knows  the  plant  to  some  extent, 
and  mostly  to  his  sorrow,  it  seems  impos¬ 
sible  to  kill  it,  and  stock  will  not  eat  near 
it,  because  of  its  spiked  branches.  Do  you 
know  of  any  positive  method  of  killing  it? 

Ans. — This  is  an  extremely  disagree¬ 
able  weed,  which  appears  to  be  making 
its  way  over  a  wide  range  to  the  north 
and  west.  It  is  a  deep-rooting  herbace¬ 
ous  perennial  which  propagates  very 
freely  by  means  of  its  long  roots,  which 
often  go  down  three  feet.  It  thus  lives 
over  Winter,  and  a  mere  cutting  before 
it  flowers,  in  the  hope  of  avoiding  seed¬ 
ing,  is  not  likely  to  affect  it  seriously. 
We  would  treat  it  as  Mr.  Woodward 
advises  for  the  Canada  thistle  in  issue 
of  August  26,  page  855.  Let  it  grow 
until  it  begins  to  bloom,  then  cut  down, 
and  follow  this  by  cutting  whenever  a 
sprout  shows.  The  root  uses  its  vitality 
in  reaching  the  blooming  period,  and 
this  continued  cutting  preventing  it  from 
breathing  above  ground,  will  certainly 
exhaust  it.  If  the  first  cutting  is  fol¬ 
lowed  by  deep  plowing,  rolling  and  con¬ 
stant  cultivation  for  the  rest  of  the  sea¬ 
son,  as  Mr.  Woodward  recommends, 
there  seems  no  reason  why  the  horse- 
nettle  should  not  be  extirpated. 


BUYING  A  FLORIDA  FARM. 

G.  G.  IF.,  Chalfont,  Pa. — My  father  has 
taken  an  option  on  25  acres  in  northern 
Florida,  and  expects  to  move  there  next 
Fall.  I  have  studied  the  proposition  and 
do  not  like  the  looks  of  it.  but  I  cannot 
get  my  parents  to  see  anything  in  it  but 
a  bonanza.  My  parents  are  past  middle 
age,  father  not  very  strong.  He  has  a 
position  paying  over  $25  per  week.  He 
owns  his  home,  worth  perhaps  $3,000.  This 
he  expects  to  put  into  the  Florida  farm. 
I  can  see  a  possible  success  but  a  far  more 
probable  failure,  money  and  job  both  gone 
forever.  The  proposition  is  land  from 
which  the  timber  has  been  taken,  grown  up 
to  scrub,  a  God-forsaken  looking  place  at 
the  jumping-off  point.  There  are  a  number 
of  clear  lakes  on  the  tract  and  the  land 
tnay  be  good,  but  there  is  nothing  much 
there  yet.  The  price  is  $30  per  acre,  clear¬ 
ing  extra.  Father  has  been  to  see  it — for 
less  than  24  hours.  If  they  are  making  a 
wise  move  I  should  like  to  know  it.  but 
if  it  is  practical  suicide,  I  want  to  know 
that  too.  i  have  found  out  that  farming 
is  not  the  job  for  a  tired  man  who  wa-nts 
to  retire— unless  he  has  a  bank  account. 

Ans.  We  do  not  know  definitely 
about  this  particular  proposition,  but  it 
has  all  the  ear  marks  of  a  game  which 
has  been  played  many  times.  On  gen¬ 
eral  principles  it  would  be  plain  financial 
suicide  for  a  man  situated  as  this  man 
is  to  give  up  a  good  job  and  invest  his 
money  in  a  Florida  farm  full  of  stumps. 
It  will  cost  far  more  than  he  pays  for 
the  land  to  clear  an  acre,  and  when  he 
gets  it  cleared  it  will  take  him  three 
years  to  learn  how  to  grow  a  crop  in 
that  climate.  When  he  does  learn  how 
he  will  find  a  dozen  middlemen  between 
his  farm  and  the  consumer.  We  well 
understand  how  difficult  it  is  to  con¬ 
vince  such  men  that  the  rainbow  stories 
they  have  been  told  are  not  gospel  truth. 
Ever  since  the  old  Spaniards  came  hunt¬ 
ing  perpetual  youth  in  Florida  the  State 
has  had  a  charm  for  people  of  middle 
age  who  feel  the  cold  more  than  the 
average  person  does.  The  Winter  cli¬ 
mate  is  ideal,  and  life  is  dreamy  and 
full  of  happiness  during  a  brief  stay 
while  you  have  the  money  to  pay  for 
the  trip.  These  pleasant  things  are 
skillfully  used  by  the  land  boomers 
to  induce  northern  people  to  'retire” 
and  buy  land.  Of  all  the  fakes 
and  frauds  in  the  country,  it  is 
doubtful  if  any  do  a  more  posi¬ 
tively  hellish  work  than  the  rascals  who 
“boom”  worthless  swamps  and  deserts 
in  Florida.  There  is  some  good  land 
scattered  through  the  State,  and  we  have 
a  number  of  readers  who  have  done 
fairly  well  in  Florida,  and  who  are  well 
satisfied  to  remain  there.  We  feel  just¬ 
ified  in  saying  that  out  of  10  men  who 
buy  land  in  these  boomed  companies 
nine  are  more  or  less  dissatisfied — run¬ 
ning  from  pathetic  failures  to  a  poor 
existence.  That  is  why  we  say  that  on 
general  principles  it  would  be  financial 
suicide  for  this  man  to  invest  his  money 
in  a  Florida  farm.  He  might  better 
bury  it  in  the  sand. 


CONSUMER’S  DOLLAR  IN  POLITICS. 

During  the  recent  campaign  for 
mayor  in  this  city  (population  15,000) 
one  of  the  candidates,  who  is  the  pres¬ 
ent  incumbent,  based  his  arguments  on 
the  fact  that  he  had  started  a  public 

market,  but  that  it  had  not  been  a  great 
success  he  blamed  on  the  grocers,  who, 
he  claimed,  would  not  purchase  from 
farmers  who  sold  on  the  market.  As  a 
reason  for  their  opposition  he  exhibited 
a  seven-pound  squash  for  which  the 
farmer  received  3j4  cents  and  the  grocer 
charged  him  25,  and  apples  for  which  lie 
paid  the  farmer  10  cents  and  the  grocer 
sold  for  50.  Of  course  the  grocers  be¬ 
came  much  aroused  over  these  state¬ 
ments,  and  the  butchers  also  becoming 
embroiled,  they  secured  speakers  and 
arranged  a  meeting  in  the  theatre  to 
present  their  side  of  the  case.  One  of 
the  speakers  was  Mr.  Green,  of  Cleve¬ 
land,  president  of  the  Ohio  Retail  Gro¬ 
cers’  Association,  who  stated  that  the 
grocers  loved  the  consumer,  wherefor 
he  had  been  in  Washington  during  Jan¬ 
uary  and  February  trying  to  get  the  tax 
off  colored  oleo,  and  that  he  would  have 
succeeded  had  not  reciprocity  taken  so 
much  time.  However,  lie  said  they 
would  try  again  when  Congress  con¬ 
venes.  The  secretary  of  the  association 
claimed  it  cost  a  grocer  20  per  cent  on 
an  average  to  do  business.  But  the 
champion  of  the  market,  for  reasons  not 
clear  to  me,  was  defeated.  a.  g.  m. 

Elyria,  Ohio. 

R.  N.-Y. — It  is  a  hopeful  thing  when 
the  consumer’s  dollar  gets  into  politics. 
What  a  friend  of  humanity  a  man  must 
be  to  try  to  let  colored  oleo  be  sold  as 
honest  butter ! 

A  RETAIL  APPLE  TRADE. 

Being  interested  in  your  recent  arti¬ 
cle,  “Direct  Trade  in  Apples,”  I  am 
enclosing  a  circular  that  we  have  used 
this  Fall  with  fairly  good  results.  If 
it  had  been  sent  out  a  little  earlier  the 
“fairly  good  results”  could  undoubt¬ 
edly  have  been  changed  to  “very  good 
results.”  This  circular  was  sent  to  a 
town  lying  a  few  miles  outside  of 
New  York,  where  we  had  sold  apples 
from  our  wagon  four  years  ago  and 
again  two  years  ago.  Our  list  was  a 
selected  one,  and  our  name  was  re¬ 
membered  in  a  great  many  instances. 
With  the  letter  was  enclosed  a  self- 
addressed  return  envelope  and  a  tag 
containing  guarantee  and  person’s  ad¬ 
dress.  I  believe  the  latter  is  a  very 
important  adjunct  to  any  successful  cir¬ 
cular  campaign,  and  a  unhesitating  will¬ 
ingness  to  live  up  to  the  agreement 
even  more  important.  However,  I  will 
state  in  passing  that  not  one*  of  our 
customers  made  such  a  request  with 
the  exception  of  one  party  who  received 
a  hamper  of  Baldwins  in  place  of 
Greenings  he  ordered.  His  hamper 
was  simply  transferred  and  the  Green¬ 
ings  sent  in  their  place. 

After  the  circular  was  sent  we  fol¬ 
lowed  it  up  with  a  post  card  and  fol¬ 
lowed  up  each  order  with  a  discount 
certificate  soliciting  a  repeat  order 
within  a  limited  time.  The  second 
card  brought  an  increased  mail,  but 
thus  far  no  one  has  sent  in  his  certifi¬ 
cate,  although  we  are  getting  a  good 
number  of  repeat  orders.  Of  course 
the  circular  and  the  good  word  spoken 
for  our  fruit  by  our  customers  bear 
the  brunt  of  the  campaign.  In  going 
over  our  circulars  you  will  see  that  we 
ship  in  hampers  and  that  we  charge 
only  one  price  for  our  apples.  The  best 
apples  go  out  first,  while  there  is  the 
most  competition,  but  the  commoner 
sorts  sell  well  after  the  others  are  gone. 
The  hampers  give  very  good  satisfac¬ 
tion  in  the  small  places  where  the  ex¬ 
press  agents  are  comparatively  honest, 
and  are  much  easier  to  pack  than  the 
boxes.  Of  course  we  use  cushions  on 
the  top  of  the  hampers  to  protect  the 
fruit.  Next  year  we  shall  send  out 
many  more  circulars,  wrap  every  anole 
in  the  hamper  and  charge  more  for  the 
trouble,  and  we  believe  that  the  extra 
pains  will  pay  well.  h.  t.  demarest. 

Orange  Co.,  N.  Y. 

R.  N.-Y. — The  circular  gives  a  pic¬ 
ture  of  the  apples,  names  and  describes 
them.  The  price  is  $1.50  delivered. 
The  guarantee  is  printed  below: 


YOU  GET  YOUR  MONEY  BACK 

or  a  new  hamper  of  fruit,  if  this 
order  isn’t  filled  exactly  right  and 
just  as  we  promised  it  would  be. 

OUR  MONEY  BACK  GUARANTY. 


“THE  HONEST  FARMER." 

A  cousin  of  ours,  whose  place  of 
business  is  in  New  York  City  and  home 
in  East  Orange,  decided  this  Fall  to 
get  his  Winter  potatoes  directly  from 
the  grower.  A  farmer  in  New  Jersey 
was  recommended  to  him.  Fie  sent  this 
farmer  $7,  asking  him  to  ship  two  sugar 
barrels  filled  with  potatoes.  This  would 
be  about  eight  bushels.  The  farmer  re¬ 
plied  that  he  had  the  potatoes,  extra  fine, 
but  the  two  barrels  would  be  worth  $10. 
The  New  York  man  sent  on  $3  more. 
He  paid  $1.60  freight  and  found  his  two 
barrels  of  potatoes  almost  worthless. 
They  were  very  watery,  could  not  be 
cooked  dry.  The  New  York  man  was 
perfectly  willing  to  pay  the  price  if  the 
potatoes  had  been  as  represented.  Re¬ 
sult:  He  might  have  sent  this  farmer 
considerable  business,  but  he  has  de¬ 
cided  that  buying  from  farmers  doesn’t 
pay,  and  he  tells  this  story  to  his 
friends.  f.  w.  Cornwall. 

R.  N.-Y. — We  do  not  blame  him.  It 
is  plain  business  suicide  to  work  off 
poor  goods  on  the  consumer.  You  can¬ 
not  escape  the  consequences.  That  has 
got  to  be  considered  in  all  direct 
dealing. _ 

SCHOOLS  OF  RAILROADING. 

H.  J.  S.,  Richland,  Pa. — Can  you  name 
a  good  college  or  institution  that  teaches 
locomotive  engineering,  and  gives  practical 
experience  to  students  with  engines,  and 
qualifies  them  to  hold  a  good  position? 

Ans. — I  hardly  know  what  to  tell 
you  with  reference  to  naming  a  good 
school  for  locomotive  engineers.  For 
your  information,  I  would  advise, 
however,  that  in  every  case  our  loco¬ 
motive  enginemen  are  drafted  from  the 
ranks  of  the  firemen,  and  in  turn  the 
enginemen  operating  our  electric  loco¬ 
motives  are  drawn  from  the  ranks  of 
the  qualified  steam  enginemen.  In 
other  words,  the  schooling  our  men  get 
is  while  they  are  acting  in  the  capacity 
of  firemen.  This,  of  course,  is  the  best 
experience  a  man  can  get,  and  affords 
him  a  salary  during  the  time  he  is  em¬ 
ployed  as  fireman.  The  examinations 
for  promotion  from  fireman  to  engine- 
man  are  rigid,  but  in  the  event  of  a 
man  failing  he  will  be  given  another 
opportunity  six  months  hence,  and  so 
on,  or  else  told  that  he  is  disqualified. 
I  do  not  know  of  any  railroad  to-day 
that  hires  engineers  outside  or  from 
other  roads.  a.  r.  whaley. 

Terminal  Manager  N.  Y.  C.  R.  R. 


SEE™*SAW 


Appleton  Wood  Saws 

ARE  GUARANTEED 
Get  Our  Free  Booklet— It 

describes  and  illustrates 
the  different  styles  and 
will  help  you  pick  out  the 
very  saw  you  need.  As  we 
manufacture  an  extensive 
line  of  saws,  you  cannot 
choose  without  this  book¬ 
let.  Write  now. 
APPLETON  MFG.  CO, 

Est.  27  Fargo  Street 
1872  Batavia,  III. 


The  Ireland  Straight-Line  Drag 
Sawing  Machine 


'THIS  sawing  rig  fills  a  long  felt  want  for  sawing  large 
1  timber.  It  is  simple,  durable  and  the  most  practical 
straight-line  sawing  rig  on  the  market.  We  also  make 
circular  saw  rigs,  saw  and  shingle  mills.  Get  our  prices 
on  canvas  belting ;  they  will  surprise  you.  Send  for 
prices  and  full  information.  “Ask  about  Hoists.” 
IRELAND  MACHINE  &  FOUNDRY  COMPANY. 

14  State  Street  NORWICH,  NEW  YORK. 


RUSTPROOF:  BULL  STRONG:  PIGTIGHT 

Fences  for  horses,  cattle,  sheep,  hogs,  chickens, etc. 
Special  low  bargain  prices.  We  pay  the  freight. 

Ornamental  Lawn  Fences  and  Gates 
Send  for  catalog  Brown  Fence  &  Wire  Co. 
and  sample  Dept.  59  Cleveland, Ohio 


KITS  ELM  AM  FENCE 

Sold  direct  to  you  at  factory 
prices  on  30  days  trial.  Save 
the  dealers  profit.  Farm,  Hog 
and  Poultry  Fence  at  from 

1  114  CENTS  A  ROD  UP. 

All  wires  are  heavily  galvanized 
80  rod  spool  of  Ideal  galvanized 
Barbed  Wire  $1.40.  Write 
to-day  for  large  free  Catalog  showing 
100  different  styles  and  heights  of  fencing 

Box  230  KITSELMAN  BROS.  MUNCIE,  IND. 

BUY  AN  ICE  PLOW 

and  save  the  ice  crop.  Cut  your  ice 
quick  and  cheap  with  my  double- 
row  Ice  Plow.  It  equals  20 
men  with  saws.  Pays  for 
itself  in  1  day.  Also  Tools. 
Ask  for  catalog  and  prices- 
WJI.  II.  PRAY,  Verbank,  N.  Y 


This  is  a  good  plan  for  working  up 
a  retail  trade.  We  think  that  a  small 
advertisement  in  the  local  papers  would 
help  also. 


cheap  fertilizers 
cost  too  much 


The  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture  says,  in  Bulletin  467, 
‘  ‘no  one  thing  has  been  more  clearly  demonstrated  by 
the  work  of  the  experiment  stations  than  that  it  does 
not  pay  to  buy  low-priced,  low-grade  fertilizers. 


99 


WjM $20  worth  of  our  Stockbridge  Manures 
will  go  further  and  supply  better  plant 
food  than  a  ton  of  any  fertilizer  selling  for  $30. 

The  Stockbridge,  selling  around  $40  a  ton,  contains 
twice  as  much-  nitrogen  and  often  five  times  as  much 
potash  as  the  average  $25  to  $30  fertilizer. 

SAVE  a  THIRD  of  YOUR  FERTILIZER 

MONEY  by  USING  the  STOCKBRIDGE 

Write  us  about  your  fertilizer  plans  and  ask  for 
quotations.  Agents  wanted  where  we  have  none. 
Address,  Department  E. 

FERTILIZER  COMPANY 
JtJw  W  IYJujXV  60  Trinity  Place,  New  York 


1234 


RURAL,  NEW-YORKER 


December  30, 


How  to  Grow  Mushrooms. 

J.  E.  M.,  Orange,  N.  J. — I  wish  you 
would  tell  me  how  to  plant  and  cultivate 
mushrooms.  Also  some  authorities  on  same. 

Ans. — Collect  fresh  horse  manure  un¬ 
til  there  is  enough  for  the  bed  desired. 
Put  the  manure  in  a  shed,  or  other 
place  where  it  will  be  protected,  and 
turn  it  every  morning  for  a  week,  or 
until  danger  of  burning  is  over.  Then 
mix  a  little  loam  in  with  it,  one  cart¬ 
load  to  four  tons  manure,  or  an  equal 
bulk  of  well-rotted  old  manure.  Make 
into  a  bed  from  nine  to  12  inches  deep. 
These  beds  are  often  made  on  the  floor 
of  a  cellar,  or  under  the  benches  in  a 
greenhouse.  The  beds  should  be  firmed 
down  well,  making  up  a  layer  of  ma¬ 
nure,  pressing  down  firmly,  then  an¬ 
other  layer,  until  the  desired  'epth.  The 
bed  is  likely  to  heat  up  to  100°  or  over, 
after  making  it  should  be  allowed  to 
drop  to  90°  before  spawning.  Insert 
pieces  of  spawn  the  size  of  walnuts  in 
the  bed  two  or  three  inches  deep,  and 
about  five  inches  apart.  About  a  week 
or  10  days  after  spawning,  case  the  bed 
with  about  two  inches  of  fine  loam  or 
garden  soil  (florists  use  the  old  soil  out 
of  rose  benches).  Firm  the  soil  down, 
and  then  put  a  covering  of  straw  over 
the  bed,  to  keep  it  from  drying  .ut.  If 
the  bed  becomes  dry  it  must  be  watered 
carefully,  water  at  a  temperature  of  75° 
or  80°.  It  is  better,  however,  if  water¬ 
ing  can  be  avoided.  The  temperature 
of  the  place  where  the  mushrooms  are 
grown  should  be  55°  to  60°.  In  six  to 
eight  weeks  the  crop  should  be  ready  to 
pick ;  the  bed  should  last  from  three 
to  four  months.  Mushrooms  are  very 
uncertain,  however;  we  have  heard  of  a 
bed  failing  to  begin  bearing  until  nearly 
four  months  after  the  spawning.  The 
standard  authority  on  this  subject  is 
“Mushrooms,”  by  William  Falconer; 
price  $1  from  this  office. 


Curing  Sunflower  Seeds. 

vThe  “Hope  Farm  Man”  writes  about 
the  difficulty  of  curing  sunflower  seeds. 
I 'raised  quite  a  large  lot  last  year,  and 
did  not  have  any  trouble  at  all.  The 
proper  way  is  to  beat  the  seed  out  at 
once.  I  drove  the  wagon  through  the 
field,  cut  off  the  heads  and  threw  them 
in  the  wagon ;  as  soon  as  the  wagon 
was  nearly  full  I  sat  down  among  the 
heads  with  a  board  under  my  knees 
“edgewise.”  1  picked  up  a  head  and  hit 
it  three  or  four  time  over  this  board, 
turning  it  around  each  time;  this  should 
be  done  in  the  poultry  yard  and  the 
heads  thrown  out  for  the  hens  to  get 
the  few  that  stick  in  the  head.  As  soon 
as  I  finished  this  lot  I  drove  through 
the  field  again  and  threw  in  more  heads 
on  top  of  the  reed;  these  were  beaten 
out  in  the  same  way.  Not  needing  the 
wagon  for  a  few  davs,  I  left  the  seed 
in  it  and  pulled  it  out  in  the -sun  each 
day  for  a  week,  and  turned  the  seed 
over  several  times  with  my  hands.  They 
are  light  and  turn  easy.  This  may 
sound  like  a  lot  of  work,  but  is  as 
quickly  done  as  shucking  corn ;  the  seed 
keep  perfectly.  Never  try  to  cure  in 
the  head ;  it  won’t  work.  I  tried  it. 

Ellerson,  Va.  w.  D.  s. 


A  Victim  and  the  Land  Game. 

The  communications  from  some  one  in 
Southwest  Texas,  which  have  recently  ap¬ 
peared  in  The  It.  N.-Y.,  have  been  inter¬ 
esting  and  somewhat  edifying.  The  cor¬ 
respondent  is  described  as  a  “sucker  in 
Southwest  Texas,”  the  “Land  of  Heart’s 
Delight,”  and  signs  himself  “A  Victim,” 
which  is  prohably  not  the  name  under 
which  he  receives  his  mail  from  the  post 
office.  The  sort  of  communications  with 
which  his  well-written  letters  would  be 
classed  is  always  seized  upon  with  avidity 
and  applauded  by  those  who  want  to  relieve 
their  surcharge  of  disappointment  by 
scolding  somebody  and  emitting  lusty  cries 
of  “fake”  and  “fraud.”  That  there  is 
abundant  reason  for  disappointment,  abund¬ 
ant  cause  for  the  charges  of  faking  and 
misrepresentation,  is  true  enough,  hut  how 
many  are  there  who  while  voicing  these 
cries  or  endorsing  them  scratch  deep  enough 
to  discover  that  their  troubles  result  from 
their  own  bad  judgment ;  or  having  gone 
far  enough  to  find  it  partly  their  own 
fault  and  partly  something  else  go  far 
enough  again  to  ascertain  what  the  some¬ 
thing  else  is. 

Let  us  analyze  this  “victim’s”  letters 
and  see  if  there  is  not  something  more  to 
he  learned  from  them  than  that  he  has 
occasion  to  shy  a  few  harmless  and  inef¬ 
fective  verbal  bricks  at  express  companies 
and  land  agents.  Ilis  earlier  crop  failures 
were,  according  to  his  own  recital,  due  en¬ 
tirely  to  a  total  neglect  to  inform  himself 
as  to  when  and  how  his  neighbors  had 
best  succeeded  when  planting  the  crop  he 
was  then  putting  in.  There  was  simply  a 
total  disregard  for  the  experience  of  others, 
others  by  the  way,  who  by  planting  at  the 
proper  time  and  in  the  proper  way  had 
raised  considerable  and  profitable  crops  of 
the  beans  that  he  failed  with.  There  was 
a  plaint  about  the  need  of  irrigation  and 
the  expense  of  getting  the  water  for  it. 
Every  effort  toward  anything  good  is  in¬ 
variably  attended  by  expenditure  of  money 
and  labor,  anywhere,  at  any  time.  But 
was  it  not  possible  to  discover  this  need 
of  water  and  of  ascertaining  the  only 
means  of  getting  it  before  any  start  was 


made,  or  even  any  land  purchased?  1 
think  so. 

He  has  unkind  words,  only,  for  Mexican 
labor,  and  an  evident  bias  against  Mexi¬ 
cans.  I  do  not  know  what  manner  of  Mex¬ 
icans  he  came  in  contact  with  or  how  be 
treated  them.  I  know  that  for  three  years 
I  used  Mexican  laborers,  both  where 
I  was  at  their  mercy,  in  the  absence  of  any 
other  labor,  and  whore  they  were  employed 
in  conjunction  with  American  labor,  and 
1  know  that  I  found  them  generally  faith¬ 
ful,  reliable,  able  and  willing.  They  could 
not  do  the  work  of  Northern  laborers,  nor 
upon  the  other  hand  did  they  ask  anything 
like  the  wages  that  the  latter  asks.  1  never 
had  any  difficulties  worth  mentioning  with 
them  as  a  class  or  as  individuals. 

There  is  also  a  complaint  about  the 
shrinking  market  prices  of  watermelons  dur¬ 
ing  a  season,  which  incident  was  merely 
a  duplication  of  the  market  conditions  of 
previous  years,  all  of  which  was  easily 
ascertainable  history.  I  saw  it  myself  15 
years  ago,  though  I  had  no  occasion  to 
give  it  particular  attention,  as  I  had  no 
thought  of  raising  watermelons.  And  there 
is  a  further  lament  over  the  shipment  of 
a  crate  of  eggplant  from  his  Southwest 
Texas  location  to  l’ittsburg.  Pa.,  to  Pitts¬ 
burg,  Pennsylvania,  mark  you,  in  which 
transaction  the  express  company  got  most 
of  the  proceeds.  It  is  certainly  going 
some  after  vegetable  markets,  this  stretch 
from  Southwest  Texas  to  Pittsburg,  Pa., 
and  even  so,  the  express  charges  were  ob¬ 
viously  exorbitant.  But  neither  the  dis¬ 
tance  from  Southwest  Texas  to  Tittsburg 
nor  the  express  rates  have  changed  any 
since  the  lamenting  victim  chose  his  pres¬ 
ent  location.  Maps  were  printed  and  ex¬ 
press  rates  published  some  time  ago. 

So  much  for  the  individual  responsibility 
for  failures  and  disappointments.  And  now 
we  come  to  the  part  played  by  the  agents 
or  owners  or  company  or  whoever  it  was 
who  got  hold  of  the  land  for  mere  specula¬ 
tion  and  who  cut  it  up  and  advertised  it 
and  went  through  the  usual  program  with 
it.  Let  me  say  that  I  hold  no  brief  for 
land  agents  or  speculators.  I  am  opposed 
to  land  speculation  and  have  fought  it 
for  years.  I  have  no  doubt  at  all  that  I 
hate  it  vastly  more  than  our  Southwest 
Texas  “Victim”  does,  because  I  know  how 
and  why  it  comes  about  and  what  its 
awful  toll  from  humanity  is,  while  the 
chances  are  ninety-nine  to  one  that  our 
Southwest  Texas  “Victim”  would  throw  a 
temperish  spasm  over  a  serious  even  though 
simple  proposal  of  public  policy  to  stop 
that  sort  of  thing— by  making  it  unprofit¬ 
able.  This  seems  to  be  substantiated  by 
his  concluding  thought  that  he  would  have 
“done  all  right”  if  he  had  purchased  a  lot 
of  the  surrounding  land  and  let  other  people 
do  the  work  as  tenants  and  give  to  him 
half  the  crops.  Doubtless  he  would,  buff 
it  would  have  been  a  little  rough  on  the 
other  fellows.  The  only  change  by  this 
means  effected  would  be  in  the  identity  of 
the  “victims.” 

But  reaching  again  after  the  speculators 
who  advertised  and  boomed  and  sold  the 
land,  and  what  do  we  find?  That  they 
told  the  favorable  things  about  their  land 
and  its  location,  and  its  possibilities,  and 
not  the  unfavorable  things.  I  think  I  have 
known  other  people  who  did  this.  To  bring 
it  home  to  our  own  circle,  T  think  I  have 
seen  beautiful  apples  at  the  top  of  the 
barrel  while  their  ugly,  gnarled  little 
brothers  filled  all  the  middle.  I  think  T 
have  seen  cows  sold  on  the  record  that, 
with  a  little  stretching,  they  made  one  day 
long  time  ago.  I  think  I  have  seen  farms 
sold  on  the  strength  of  crops  they  once 
raised — before  they  were  ruthlessly  run 
down.  I  think  I  have  heard  merchants  and 
publishers  and  all  sorts  of  people  extol  the 
merits  of  their  wares  while  they  utterly 
neglected  to  make  any  mention  whatever 
of  their  shortcomings.  This  is  no  answer, 

I  concede,  for  the  whole  thing  is  ethically 
wrong  on  anybody’s  part.  But  land  agents 
and  land  companies  and  land  speculators, 
while  constituting  a  class  of  monopolists 
—  monopolists  of  natural  opportunities — 
have  no  monopoly  on  lop-sided  represen¬ 
tations  to  effect  sales.  The  speculators 
with  whom  the  “victim”  dealt  may  have 
even  lied  to  him.  I  have  known  of  such 
cases.  And  that  is  doubly  reprehensible, 
because  the  man  who  lies  to  you  to  get 
your  money  is  not  only  obviously  a  liar 
but  also  obviously  a  thief.  But  that  is  a 
moral,  a  criminal  Question  which  needs  no 
discussion  and  with  which  in  fact  we  need 
not  concern  ourselves  in  connection  with 
the  particular  subject  under  consideration. 
The  basic  sin  of  the  whole  thing  is  em¬ 
braced  in  permitting  land  speculation  at 
all,  a  sin  that  society  commits  against 
itself ;  not  only  commits  against  itself  but 
voluntarily  presents  large  premiums  to 
those  who  will  give  their  individual  co¬ 
operation  to  the  commission  of  the  crime. 
And  does  anyone  ask  or  care  how  the  land 
speculator  got  his  wealth — after  he  has 
gotten  it?  Not  a  whit. 

Now  why  do  men  acquire  tracts  of  land, 
as  in  this  case  in  Southwest  Texas,  and 
parcel  it  off  and  advertise  it  glowingly 
and  sell  it  to  “victims?”  To  make  money. 
To  acquire,  in  truth,  wealth,  large  profits, 
for  which  as  mere  speculators,  mere  trans¬ 
ferers  of  title  they  render  no  equivalent 
whatever.  Their  speculative  profits  merely 
represent  so  much  money,  so  much  wealth 
taken  out  of  the  pockets  of  labor,  out  of 
the  pockets  of  land  users,  without  giving 
anything  back.  They  do  not  furnish  the 
land  and  its  value.  The  land  and  its 
value,  its  usefulness,  would  all  be  there 
if  the  speculator  had  never  existed.  How 
can  all  this  victimizing,  this  misrepresent- 
ing,  this  tribute-exacting,  this  diverting 
of  unearned  wealth  from  producers  and 
would-be  producers  to  non-producers  he 
stopped?  By  mere  legislative  enactments 
against  it?  I  think  not.  Enactments 
simply  to  prohibit  it  could  not  he  passed. 
Enactments  that  could  be  passed  would  not 
be  effective.  Can  it  be  stopped  by  an  oc¬ 
casional  outcry  of  fake  and  rogue  and 
knave?  Not  in  several  thousand  years— so 
long  as  it  is  profitable.  The  profits  which  land 
speculators  take  is  merely  capitalized  eco¬ 
nomic  rent.  Collect  this  rent  annually  in 
the  form  of  taxes,  taking  the  burden  of 
all  other  taxation  off  labor,  off  homes,  off 
labor’s  products,  and  putting  it  where  it 
belongs,  and  land  could  no  longer  be  profit¬ 
ably  held  for  speculation.  When  specula¬ 
tion  is  no  longer  profitable  it  will  stop, 
stop  automatically,  and  all  the  evils  which 
spring  from  it  will  stop  with  it. 

KOBEitT  STILLMAN  DOUBLEDAY. 

Washington. 


40,000  Farmers  Let  This  i 
Iron  Hand  Machine  Plant! 
Their  Potatoes 


Forty  thousand  farm-, 

ers  know  what  this  great* 
iron-haDd  planter  means 
to  them  in  time  saved,  work 
saved,  worry  saved,  and  in¬ 
creased  profits.  They  depend 
on  the  accuracy  of  this  machine  1 
because  they  know  it  doesn’t 
miss  one  hill  in  a  hundred. 

Absolutely  Certain^ 
and  Accurate 

It  can't  forget  a  hill — it  can't  be  affect¬ 
ed  by  the  cold,  and  the  size  of  the  seed  . 
doesn’t  matter.  Over  25  years  ex-' 
perience  backs  this  original  and  only 
perfect  machine  planter.  Six  Iron  Hands  can’t 
fail  to  drop  seed  in  every  hill,  and  every  seed  is 
covered.  Write  for  our  circular.  Read  why  the 


Vt'VuCUUXIUUi 


ASPINWALL 


POTATO  PLANTER  NO.  3 


Is  the  easiest  to  operate.  Light  draft  enables  you  to  plant  more  acres  per  day  than  with  any 
other  planter  made.  No  extra  man  needed.  No  changing  or  adjusting  of  pickers  for  plant¬ 
ing  different  sizes  of  seed.  Canvas  sack  hopper  doesn’t  clog  seed.  Simple  regulation  of 
distance,  from  nine  to  thirty  inches  or  more  if  desired.  Feed  and  coverers  regulated  easily 
by  turning  thumb-screw  from  seat.  All  parts  thrown  in  and  out  of  gear  automatically  when 
raising  or  lowering  plow.  Large,  adjustable  disc  coverers. 

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describes  our  complete  Hue  of  Sprayers.  We  will  also  mail  “The  Potato,”  a  booklet  containing  valuable 
suggestion  from  those  who  have  made  a  study  of  this  crop.  NOTE— Aspln wall  Planters  are  furnished  with 
or  without  fertilizer  attachments,  also  planter  attachment  for  corn,  peas  or  beans.  See  printed  matter 
for  details.  Write  postal  now.  Address 

Aspinwall  Manufacturing  Co.,  437  Sabin  St.,  Jackson,  Mich.,  U.  S.  A. 

Canadian  Factory:  Guelph,  Ontario 

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“NEW  MODERN”  Watering  Basin^ 

AH  dairymen  nay  that  cowh 
unpplied  with  fresh  water 
(rive  6  to  10  per  cent  more 
milk.  Therefore  oor  watering 
device  (Baftlus,  Pi|>e  Line  and 
Float  Tank-) 

Is  a  Profitable 
Investment 

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Our  “New  Modern”  Swing  Stanchion,  with  our 
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the  market.  WRITE  FOR  FREE  CATALOG. 

GLOR  BROS.  &  WILLIS  MFC.  CO. 

98  main  Street,  .  .  Attica,  l\l.  Y. 


WE  WANT  TO  BUY 

ABOUT 

THREE  MILLION  FEET 

1-in.  Round  Edged  Pine, 
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BOX  BOARDS 

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Addkkss 

SAYLES’  BLEACHERIES, 

SAYLESVILLE,  R.  I. 


GENUINE  THOMAS 
PHOSPHATE  POWDER 


Key-Tree  Brand 


Special  Notice  and  Warning ! 

As  several  so-called  “Basic  Slags”  and  “Basic  Phosphates”  of  more  or  less  doubtful 
origin  and  of  uncertain  composition  and  availability  are  now  being  urged  upon  pros¬ 
pective  buyers,  the  public  is  herewith  warned  that  these  materials  are  not  the  same  as 

Genuine  Thomas  Phosphate  Powder 

Key-Tree  Brand 

The  remarkable  results  from  the  use  of  Genuine  Thomas  Phosphate  in  fertilizing  Fruits, 
Cereals  and  Leguminous  Crops,  no  doubt  account  for  the  offering  of 
doubtful  materials  said  to  be  “just  as  good.” 


There  is  as  much  difference  between 

Genuine  Thomas  Phosphate  Powder 

and  many  other  so-called  “Basic  Slags”  as  there  is  between  a  high-grade  mixed 

fertilizer  and  a  poor  one. 

Professors  Maercker  and  Wagner,  the  leading  agricultural  authorities  of  the 
world,  have  experimented  with  sixteen  different  makes  of  Basic  Slags,  and  find  that 
they  vary  in  effect  on  growing  crops  from  eighteen  to  one  hundred  per  cent. 

The  Total  Phosphoric  Acid  may  appear  all  right  in  a  doubtful  Basic  Slag,  but 
remember  it  is  Available  Phosphoric  Acid  that  you  are  seeking. 


The  ease  with  which  Basic  Phosphatic  Slags  may  be  adulterated,  and  the  danger 
resulting  therefrom  is  clearly  pointed  out  by  Dr.  Harvey  W.  Wiley,  Chief  Chemist  of  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  as  follows: 

“The  high  agriculture  value  of  phosphatic  slags  has  led  to  their  adulteration  and 
even  to  the  substitution  of  other  bodies.  If  we  had  only  to  consider  the  adulteration  of 
basic  slag  with  mineral  phosphates,  that  is,  tricalcium  phosphate,  the  problem  would 
be  an  easy  one;  but  when  we  add  to  this  fact  that  iron  and  aluminum  phosphates  are 
employed  in  the  adulteration,  and  that  artificial  slags  may  be  so  used,  the  question 
becomes  more  involved.”  (Principles  and  Practice  of  Agricultural  Analysis,  by  Dr. 
H.  W.  Wiley.) 

Take  No  Chalices — For-Your  Own  Protection  Insist  On  Having 

Genuine  Thomas  Phosphate  Powder 

Key-T re  errand 

Bearing  on  the  tags  the  following  Trade  Mark 

By  buying  Thomas  Phosphate  Powder  bearing  this  Trade  Mark  you  can  he 
sure  to  get  the  genuine  unadulterated  material. 

THE  COE-MORTIMER  COMPANY 

51  Chambers  Street,  New  York  City 

For  yonr  convenience  we  also  distribute  from  Boston,  Mass.;  Belfast,  Maine;  Baltimore,  Md.; 
Philadelphia,  Pa.;  Norfolk,  Va. ;  Wilmington,  N.  C.;  Savanah,  Ga.  and  Charleston,  S.  C. 

Our  Booklet,  “Up-to-Date  Fruit  Growing  with  Thomas  Phosphate  Powder,”  is  sent  free 

if  you  mention  The  Rural  New-Yorker 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


11236 


Cement  Beehives. 

C.  77.,  Derby,  N.  Y. — I  would  like  to 
know  your  experience  with  cement  beehives. 
I  am  thinking  of  making  some,  walls  and 
floor  to  be  1%  inch  thick,  tarred  and 
painted  on  the  outside.  Would  they  he 
cold  and  damp?  Do  you  think  they  woula 
be  good  hives,  or  would  hives  with  inch 
cement  sides  and  one-half  inch  board  bod¬ 
ies  be  better  ? 

Ans. — Cement  block  hive  stands  of 
different  shapes  have  been  more  or  less 
used  for  some  time.  The  matter  of 
making  hive  bodies  of  cement  has  been 
discussed  at  some  length,  and  possibly 
been  tried  out,  but  the  general  opinion 
seems  to  be  against  their  use.  There 
are  many  reasons  given  for  this.  Some 
of  them  are  these:  First,  they  are  too 
heavy,  also  too  cold  for  Northern  use. 
These  two  objections  would  make  them 
impractical,  in  the  minds  of  bee-keepers 
who  get  their  bread  and  butter  from 
the  bee  business.  If  I  had  an  idea  that 
I  should  like  such  a  hive  I  would  build 
a  few  and  try  them  out,  but  the  two  ob¬ 
jections  above  make  me  think  that  I  do 
not  want  any  of  them  in  my  apiary. 

j.  A.  CRANE. 


Questions  About  Flour. 

L.  J.  8.,  New  Canaan,  Conn. — I  wish 
some  one  who  is  thoroughly  posted  on 
milling  would  contribute  to  The  It.  N.-Y. 
an  article  setting  forth  the  difference  be¬ 
tween  bread  flour  and  best  pastry  flour,  as 
it  affects  economy,  both  domestic  and  nu¬ 
tritive.  Many  people  like  to  avoid  too 
much  starch.  Also  the  difference  between 
whole  wheat  and  graham  flour  seems  not 
to  be  understood.  Is  the  bran  retained  in 
the  former,  or  is  it  the  outside  layer  of  the 
wheat  berry  that  gives  the  color? 

Ans. — Hard  wheat,  especially  the 
hard  Spring  wheat  grown  in  the  West 
and  Northwest,  contains  more  gluten 
and  less  starch  than  the  soft  Winter 
wheats.  Flour  made  from  the  former 
is  best  adapted  for  bread  because  owing 
to  its  strength  it  will  rise  better,  make 
whiter  bread,  more  loaves  per  barrel, 
and  the  bread  will  retain  its  moisture 
longer  than  bread  made  from  Winter 
wheat  flour.  Winter  wheat  flour  is  well 
adapted  for  pastry,  owing  to  its  abund¬ 
ance  of  starch  and  smaller  amount  of 
gluten;  it  requires  less  shortening,  for 
instance,  to  make  tender  crisp  pie  crust. 
Winter  flour  dough  will  break  off  short, 
Spring  flour  dough  will  stretch  like 
rubber.  Many  families  keep  both  kinds, 
one  for  bread  only,  the  other  for  all 
other  culinary  purposes  where  flour  is 
required.  Therefore,  it  has  become  cus¬ 
tomary  to  call  the  one  bread  flour  and 
the  other  pastry  flour.  The  quality  of 
any  brand  of  flour,  bread  or  pastry 
would,  of  course,  depend  upon  the  qual¬ 
ity  of  the  wheat  from  which  it  is  made, 
the  equipment  of  the  mill  in  which  it  is 
made,  and  the  skill  of  the  miller  who 
makes  it.  In  modern  milling  it  is  pos¬ 
sible  to  make  several  grades  of  flour  at 
one  grinding;  the  better  part  or  cream 
of  the  wheat  is  called  patent,  the  poorest 
part  is  called  low  grade,  and  what  re¬ 
mains  between  is  called  baker’s  or  clear. 
When  only  one  grade  is  made  at  a 
grinding  it  is  called  straight.  Winter 
wheat  is  mostly  made  as  straight.  In 
the  big  mills  of  the  West  that  make  a 
specialty  of  bread  flour,  a  certain  per 
cent  of  the  best  or  patent  is  used.  But 
the  proof  of  the  pudding  is  in  the  eat¬ 
ing,  for  the  word  patent  written  on  a 
sack  might  mean  anything  from  60  to 
95  per  cent.  When  patent  flour  is  made 
there  remains  of  course  lower  grades 
to  be  disposed  of.  These  are  sometimes 
sold  as  pastry  flour.  But  they  might  not 
always  be  satisfactory  as  such.  In  an¬ 
swering  the  questions  asked  it  would 
be  safe  to  say  that  the  best  bread  flour 
is  the  best  Spring  wheat  patent,  and  the 
best  pastry  flour  is  the  straight  grade 
made  from  the  best  quality  of  Winter 
wheat  obtainable. 

Graham  flour  is  “supposed  to  be 
made”  from  sound,  thoroughly  cleaned 
wheat  ground  with  no  separations 
made;  white  wheat  is  preferable,  as  it 
gives  the  graham  a  better  appearance, 
and  the  outer  coating  or  bran  from 
white  wheat  is  softer  and  less  irritating 
to  the  human  stomach  than  the  bran 
from  hard  red  wheats.  I  use  the  words 
“supposed  to  be  made,”  because  it  is 
sometimes  (not  always)  made  by  mix¬ 
ing  lower  grades  of  flour  and  bran  to¬ 
gether  with  a  scoop  shovel,  or  other 
handy  implement.  Therefore,  I  would 
advise  those  who  use  graham  flour,  for 
sanitary  and  other  reasons,  to  be  sure  of 
their  miller  or  dealer  or  both.  Whole 
wheat  flour  is  more  of  a  modern  pro¬ 
duct  than  graham.  I  have  handled  con¬ 
siderable  of  it,  but  am  not  entirely 
familiar  with  the  process  of  its  manu- 
v  facture ;  am  quite  sure  that  it  is  made 


from  the  stronger  gluten  wheats.  The 
bran  or  outer  coating,  claimed  to  con¬ 
sist  of  woody  and  indigestible  fiber,  is 
removed.  All  the  remainder  of  the 
wheat  is  retained.  miller. 


The  Waste  of  Plant  Food. 

T.  R.  II.,  Kirkland,  Wash. — I  think  you 
miss  &  point  in  Liebig’s  blast  at  England 
(page  11  IS),  viz.,  that  she  squanders  the 
wealth  of  other  nations  down  her  sewers  to 
the  sea.  The  necessity  of  importing  fertil¬ 
ity  is  coincident  with  this  economic  waste. 
At  Seattle  we  can  see  not  only  the  sewers 
carrying  the  fertility  of  the  soil  away,  but 
teams  are  constantly  hauling  manure  out 
and  throwing  it  into  the  tide  flats.  This 
is  a  crime  against  the  next  generation,  but 
we  have  no  Liebig  to  raise  his  voice  in 
protest.  The  railroads  might  well  take  a 
hand  in  this  matter  of  returning  to  the  soil 
its  natural  food  in  part  at  least,  and  I 
could  wish  I  had  a  voice  to  arouse  an  in¬ 
terest  iu  the  conservation  congress  to  this 
serious  waste  of  the  life  of  the  next  gen¬ 
eration,  for  at  the  last  analysis  that  is 
what  it  amounts  to. 

Ans.  All  nations  and  sections  seem 
to  follow  a  universal  custom  of  wasting 
fertility  until  driven  by  necessity  to  save 
it.  When  the  first  settlers  reached  New 
England  they  found  most  of  the  cleared 
land  already  worked  out  by  the  Indians. 
These  Indians  taught  the  whites  to  use 
fish  in  the  hills  of  corn  and  wood  ashes 
and  ground  clam  shells.  The  white  peo¬ 
ple  at  first  refused  the  fish,  saying  it 
was  contrary  to  nature.  In  the  South¬ 
ern  States  for  years  cotton  seed  was 
dumped  by  the  ton  into  the  rivers  to 
get  it  out  of  the  way.  Finally  the  seed 
was  used  as  manure  or  feed.  Then  the 
oil,  the  meal  and  the  hulls  acquired  new 
values,  and  farmers  began  using  chem¬ 
icals  to  replace  the  plant  food  removed 
in  the  cotton.  In  the  early  history  of 
the  West  stable  manure  was  neglected. 
Great  pileo  accumulated,  so  that  there 
were  actual  cases  where  it  paid  better  to 
move  or  build  a  new  barn  rather  than 
haul  the  manure  away.  It  was  not  until 
manure  spreaders  made  it  possible  to 
handle  manure  by  horse  power  that  tliQ 
West  used  this  waste  economically.  In 
California  vast  piles  of  sheep  manure 
accumulated  on  the  old  ranches.  In  that 
dry  country  there  was  not  much  waste. 
Later  there  came  a  demand  for  plant- 
food.  These  great  piles  of  sheep  ma¬ 
nure  were  dug  up,  crushed  fine  and  in 
many  cases  shipped  across  the  continent 
to  be  used  in  greenhouses  or  for  grow¬ 
ing  tobacco.  Every  section  finally  comes 
to  wastes  and  chemicals.  The  greatest 
manurial  waste  to-day  is  that  poured 
out  through  the  sewers  into  streams, 
lakes  or  ocean.  The  contents  of  these 
sewers  is  so  dilute  that  thus  far  scien¬ 
tists  have  not  found  an  economical  way 
of  holding  and  pressing  the  plant  food 
on  a  large  scale.  Near  some  of  the 
smaller  cities  in  this  country  and  Eu¬ 
rope  sewage  farms  have  given  fair  re¬ 
sults.  The  sewage  is  pumped  out  and 
spread  over  the  soil  in  which  crops  are 
grown.  In  some  of  the  cities  garbage 
and  street  sweepings  were  burned  or 
treated  so  that  the  ashes  or  solids  can 
be  used,  but  only  a  small  part  of  the 
actual  plant  food  is  saved.  We  shall 
have  to  come  to  it  sooner  or  later  and 
devise  plans  for  saving  this  waste. 


Bean  Picking;  a  Winter  Job. 

In  reply  to  the  inquiry  of  R.  C.,  Mich¬ 
igan,  page  1138,  as  to  home  industries 
that  would  work  in  with  fruit  raising  to 
occupy  some  leisure  time  in  Winter,  will 
say  that  if  R.  C.  is  in  a  section  where 
white  beans  are  grown  he  could  find 
profitable  employment  in  hand-picking 
beans  during  the  Winter.  For  two  or 
three  Winters  we  have  hand  picked 
beans  off  and  on  during  stormy  weather. 
Ic  is  not  the  most  desirable  work  one 
can  find,  but  by  taking  the  beans  into 
the  kitchen  or  some  other  warm  place 
it  is  not  as  bad  as  it  might  be.  Some¬ 
times  we  take  a  bushel  or  two  of  beans 
into  the  kitchen,  dump  them  onto  a 
table  and  go  after  them  all  hands,  little 
and  big.  Hand-picking  beans  is  some¬ 
what  tiresome  work,  but  one  need  not 
work  at  it  10  hours  a  day  but  can  work 
a  while  until  he  is  tired,  then  rest  awhile 
by  splitting  wood,  doing  chores,  etc.  One 
year  we  traded  beans  to  the  groeeryman 
for  groceries.  We  got  $2.35  per  bushel, 
and  arranged  with  the  grocer  to  take 
one  or  two  bushels  a  week.  In  this  way 
the  grocer  was  owing  us  in  the  Spring 
instead  of  us  owing  him.  Another  year 
we  kept  the  beans  until  Spring  and 
shipped  them  to  a  commission  man,  who 
returned  us  something  like  $2.65  per 
bushel.  We  had  quite  a  few  bushels, 
and  it  being  a  time  of  year  when  money 
was  not  coming  in  very  fast,  it  came  in 
handy  to  buy  seed,  etc.  I  notice  that 
white  beans  are  quoted  from  $4  to  $4.85 
per  100  pounds,  and  red  kidney  $5.35  to 
$5.75  per  100  pounds  in  the  New  York 
market.  These  prices  make  me  wish 
that  we  had  a  few  bushels  to  hand-pick 
this  Winter,  but  we  have  not.  We  have 


never  raised  red  kidney  beans,  but  I 
think  they  could  be  raised  here.  We 
have  always  raised  the  marrow,  white 
kidney  and  pea  beans.  We  cook  the 
waste  beans  and  feed  them  to  the  hens. 
The  hens  like  them,  and  I  think  they 
help  make  the  hens  lay. 

There  are  but  few  beans  raised  here, 
but  I  will  tell  how  they  are  raised  and 
handled.  They  are  sown  about  July  1st 
with  a  common  grain  drill  in  drills 
about  28  inches  apart.  The  beans  come 
up  in  four  or  five  days  and  can  be  soon 
cultivated.  We  use  a  one-horse  culti¬ 
vator  and  cultivate  as  often  as  is  neces¬ 
sary  to  keep  the  weeds  down  and  keep 
up  a  dust  mulch  until  the  beans  get  so 
large  that  the  horse  or  cultivator  will 
injure  them.  After  that  they  are  let 
alone  until  they  are  ripe,  when  they  are 
pulled  and  placed  in  bunches,  roots  up. 
When  dry  they  are  hauled  into  the  barn. 
They  are  thrashed  with  a  thrashing  ma¬ 
chine,  corn  shredder  or  are  flailed  out 
with  an  old-fashioned  flail.  If  one  has 
a  good  place  to  store  them  they  can  wait 
until  some  stormy  day  in  Winter  and 
thrash  them  then.  The  beans  thrash 
much  better  when  it  is  good  and  cold. 
After  they  are  thrashed  they  should  be 
run  through  the  fanning  mill  to  clean 
them.  After  this  they  are  ready  to 
hand-pick.  I  do  not  know  that  this 
bean-picking  business  will  fit  R.  C.’s 
case,  but  offer  it  as  a  suggestion. 

Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y.  l.  g.  S. 


Big  Potato  Story. — You  ask  for  records 
of  large  potato  yields.  Here  is  one  from 
the  Portland  Oregonian.  A  picture  is 
shown  of  seven  potatoes  weighing  35 
pounds.  “The  rulers  show  the  length  of 
the  potatoes,  some  of  them  being  nearly  a 
foot  long.  These  potatoes  were  raised  by 
W.  L.  Sochren  on  his  farm  one  mile  west 
of  this  city.  These  were  but  a  few  of  the 
large  ones’  he  had.  Ilis  whole  crop  con¬ 
sisted  of  large  potatoes,  scarcely  any  of 
them  being  less  than  3%  pounds.  Be¬ 
sides  this  exhibit  of  large  potatoes  in  tins 
city,  there  is  another  exhibit  of  potatoes 
in  the  window  of  the  M.  D.  Ellis  drug 
store,  consisting  of  12  potatoes  that  weigh 
53  Mi  pounds  in  the  aggregate.  These  po¬ 
tatoes  were  raised  by  W.  H.  Kraber  on  his 
farm  two  miles  from  this  city.”  M.  it. 

Jerked  Beef. — In  Uruguay  the  jerked 
beef  industry  is  important.  Cattle  are 
killed  and  skinned  and  the  meat  is  cut 
from  the  bones  in  such  a  manner  as  to 
leave  a  flat,  single  piece.  This  is  put  into 
brine  and  then  packed  between  layers  of 
salt.  Consul  Coding  describes  the  rest : 
“After  a  varying  period  of  time  the  meat 
is  removed  to  the  open  air,  where  it  is 
again  stacked  and  salted,  the  drying  pro¬ 
cess  continuing  there  for  several  months. 
Acres  are  covered  with  these  piles  of  meat 
to  a  height  of  10  feet,  salt  frequently  being 
thrown  over  the  surface.  If  rainy  weather 
appears  the  meat  is  covered  with  a  strong 
tarpaulin,  although  windy,  cloudy  weather 
is  preferred  to  sunshine.  When  ready  for 
the  market  tasajo  is  black  in  color,  a  few 
feet  square  and  an  inch  or  two  in  thick¬ 
ness,  and  as  hard  as  sole  leather.  Very 
little  tasajo  is  eaten  in  Uruguay,  the  great¬ 
er  portion  being  exported  to  Brazil,  Cuba, 
and  Porto  Rico,  where  it  is  eaten  raw  or 
boiled  for  some  hours  and  is  preferred  to 
a  choice  steak.  In  1910  1,233,200  cattle 
were  disposed  of  in  this  way.” 


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The  Kant-leak  Kleet  defends  the 
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THE  KUKAL  NKW-YORKEH 


December  30, 


Hope  Farm  Notes 

The  Debate. — The  two  older  children 
have  opposite  sides  on  a  school  debate: 

“Resolved,  that  George  Washington  did 
more  for  his  country  than  any  other  man.” 

There  has  been  a  great  overhauling 
of  histories  for  facts  and  opinions.  I 
think  the  methods  used  in  preparing 
such  a  debate  are  not  unlike  those  used 
by  many  intelligent  people  in  discussing 
large  public  questions.  The  average  de¬ 
bater  comes  up  with  some  facts  and 
figures  and  quotes  some  person  who 
may  or  may  not  be  prejudiced.  There 
is  rarely  a  real  analysis  of  conditions 
and  motives.  Naturally  the  opposing 
figure  to  Washington  in  this  debate  will 
be  Lincoln.  I  think  Franklin  or  Jeffer¬ 
son  in  their  diplomatic  work  in  Europe 
did  as  much  to  keep  the  Revolution 
going  as  Washington  did,  yet  Lin¬ 
coln  towers  above  them  all,  and  his 
deeds  and  character  are  to  be  matched 
against  Washington’s. 

Now,  I  want  the  children  to  analyze 
the  thing  and  bring  it  away  from  cold¬ 
blooded  facts  and  opinions.  One  of 
them  can  prove  that  Washington  did 
most  to  organize  the  Government  and 
make  this  nation  possible.  The  other 
can  prove  that  Lincoln  did  most  to  pre¬ 
serve  the  Union  and  save  the  structure 
which  had  been  built  upon  Washington’s 
foundation.  Wlio  does  the  most  for 
my  family,  the  man  who  builds  my 
house  or  the  man  who  saves  it  from 
burning  at  a  time  when  the  loss  of  the 
house  would  have  broken  up  my  fam¬ 
ily  for  good  and  all?  This  is  the  thing 
which  I  want  the  children  to  think  and 
reason  out.  Too  many  debates  are  like 
parrots  chattering  in  a  tree — a  mere  re¬ 
cital  of  opinion  and  fact  handed  down 
from  some  one  who  may  have  looked 
at  only  one  side  of  the  subject.  This 
is  not  only  true  of  children’s  debates 
but  of  most  public  discussions  of  great 
issues.  People  will  not  think  for  them¬ 
selves,  but  go  on  using  mental  hash  pre¬ 
pared  for  them,  so  that  others  who  are 
keener  and  sharper  may  have  the  true 
roast  beef.  Take  this  very  case  of 
Washington  or  Lincoln.  The  average 
men  picture  Washington  as  some  great 
pure  noble  character — incapable  of  do¬ 
ing  the  mean  and  petty  things  which 
we  all  catch  ourselves  doing.  That  is 
because  history  has  given  us  a  one¬ 
sided  picture  of  the  great  man.  In  his 
“History  of  the  People  of  the  United 
States”  McMaster  says  that  George 
Washington  is  really  an  unknown  man. 
When  the  true  story  is  finally  told 

“We  shall  behold  the  great  commander 
repairing  defeat  with  marvelous  celerity, 
healing  the  dissensions  of  his  officers  and 
calming  the  passions  of  his  mutinous  troops. 
But  we  shall  also  hear  his  oaths,  and  see 
him  in  those  terrible  outbursts  of  passion  to 
which  Mr.  Jefferson  has  alluded.  .  .  .  We 

shall  see  him  refusing  to  be  paid  for  his 
services  by  Congress,  yet  exacting  from 
the  family  of  the  poor  mason  the  shilling 
that  was  his  due.  We  shall  know  him  as 
the  cold  and  forbidding  character  with 
whom  no  fellow  man  ever  ventured  to  live 
on  close  and  familiar  terms.  We  shall  re¬ 
spect  and  honor  him  for  being  not  the 
greatest  of  generals,  not  the  wisest  of 
statesmen,  not  the  most  saintly  of  his  race, 
but  a  man  with  many  human  frailties  and 
much  common  sense,  who  rose  in  the  full¬ 
ness  of  time  to  be  the  political  deliverer 
of  our  country.” 

In  a  somewhat  similar  way  a  i  Id 
analysis  of  Lincoln’s  character  would 
no  doubt  reveal  some  things  which  we 
would  rather  not  believe.  I  think  it 
likely  that  up  to  within  a  few  years  the 
one-sided,  bright  picture  of  these  two 
great  men  has  been  the  best  thing  to  put 
before  our  young  people.  My  daughter 
is  on  the  Lincoln  side  of  this  debate 
and  Mother  advised  her  to  argu."  that 
Lincoln’s  rise  from  hard  and  ignorant 
boyhood  has  done  wonders  for  the 
country  by  inspiring  and  encouraging 
young  people  to  work  on  in  hope.  That 
is  a  good  point,  for  during  th  time 
there  was  free  land  and  free  opportun¬ 
ity  for  the  individual  young  man.  That 
time  is  gone  or  is  rapidly  going,  and 
that  is  why  I  think  the  public  should 
change  its  basis  for  debating  public 
questions.  We  have  got  to  come  down 
to  fair  analysis  of  the  situation  and  strip 
off  most  of  the  glory  and  tinsel.  Years 
ago  I  used  to  march  in  political  pro¬ 
cessions  carrying  a  torch  and  wearing  a 


shoddy  uniform.  That  torch  only 
showed  me  a  lot  of  words  which  the 
politicians  gave  out.  I  could  not  read 
the  sinister  motives  behind  those  beau¬ 
tiful  resolutions.  I  have  seen  a  man 
get  up  with  tears  in  his  eyes  and  say 
he  was  a  life-long  Republican  because 
“the  grand  old  party”  was  good  enough 
for  him.  I  have  seen  other  good  men 
who  said  no  power  on  earth  could  make 
them  anything  but  Democrats  because 
that’s  what  father  and  grandfather 
were !  1  hese  ancestors  had  handed 

down  old  political  opinions  as  they  had 
a  peculiar  shaped  nose  or  brown  hair ! 
Both  Republican  and  Democrat  showed 
in  both  face  and  form  that  they  were 
losing  ground.  Now  such  men  have 
been  debating  public  questions  wrong. 
They  have  used  facts,  many  of  which 
“ain’t  so”  and  opinions  which  are  mostly 
expressed  prejudices.  Now  they  begin 
to  see  and  are  forced  to  admit  that  in 
spite  of  their  beloved  party  something 
is  dead  wrong. 

“The  fault,  dear  Brutus,  is  not  in  our 
stars, 

But  in  ourselves  that  * ve  he  underlings.” 

Legislatures  and  Congress  will  do  us 
but  little  good  unless  we  learn  to  really 
debate  these  living  issues  by  analyzing 
and  thinking  over  the  heart  of  them. 
This  is  the  thing  that  comes  to  me  at 
the  end  of  the  year.  Let  us  all  see  if 
we  cannot  do  some  real  thinking  in  1912. 

Looking  Ahead. — When  we  first 
bought  this  farm  we  found  30  acres  of 
fine  chestnut  timber  on  the  place.  Tim¬ 
ber  at  that  time  was  high  and  going  up 
in  price.  There  was  a  good  demand  for 
poles  and  a  fair  price  for  stove  wood. 

I  could  have  sold  this  timber  at  a  good 
bargain,  but  taking  the  best  advice  1 
could  get  I  decided  to  hold  it  as  a  “life 
insurance.”  It  seemed  reasonable  that 
lumber  would  go  up  and  that  these  trees 
would  constantly,  increase  in  value.  So 
I  let  them  stand.  To-day  90  per  cent  of 
the  chestnuts  are  dead — killed  by  the 
blight  disease.  The  price  of  lumber  has 
not  increased,  the  pole  market  is  dead 
and  you  can  hardly  get  enough  for  fire 
wood  to  pay  for  cutting  and  hauling ! 
About  a  mile  from  us  is  a  dry,  sandy 
farm.  The  soil  actually  blows  away  in 
a  dry  wind.  Few  people  would  have 
touched  such  a  farm  as  a  gift  i  ‘  com¬ 
pelled  to  make  a  living  on  it.  A  man 
who  would  have  taken  it  in  preference 
to  our  woods  would  have  been  thought 
a  good  candidate  for  an  asylum.  Yet 
to-day  this  sandy  place  is  worth  far 
more  than  our  wood  lot.  The  develop¬ 
ment  of  concrete  making  has  made  this 
farm  into  a  great  storehouse  of  building 
sand.  They  make  concrete  blocks  for 
sale  and  sell  thousands  of  loads  of  sand. 
The  sand  hill  by  the  road  is  gradually 
melting  away  and  paying  its  price.  This 
development  of  concrete  work  has  kept 
down  the  price  of  lumber.  Had  anyone 
told  me  12  years  ago  how  these  things 
were  to  work  out  I  could  not  have  be¬ 
lieved  them.  Yet  here  they  are  to-day — 
the  sand  heap  worth  far  more  than  the 
beautiful  chestnut  grove.  It  is  the  man 
who  walks  carefully  in  the  present  with 
one  eye  on  the  future  who  grows  into 
good  things.  This  is  true  not  only  of 
sand  and  lumber,  but  of  character  as 
well. 

What  shall  I  do  with  my  buckwheat 
straw?  Can  it  be  used  for  bedding?  I 
have  read  with  interest  what  you  have  had 
to  say  about  rye  from  time  to  time,  and 
agree  with  most  of  your  opinions,  but  dis¬ 
sent  from  your  dictum  placing  November 
15  as  the  latest  period  for  sowing.  I  am 
sowing  seven  acres  to-day  (December  11)., 
One  year  I  sowed  a  field  in  January 
and  it  was  ready  for  harvesting  with  a 
good  crop  about  as  soon  as  that  sowed  in 
September.  fkank  hyde. 

Westchester  Co.,  N.  Y. 

We  should  use  the  buckwheat  straw 
to  bed  stock.  This  is  not  from  our  own 
experience,  but  from  that  of  buckwheat 
growers.  I  have  no  doubt  rye  can  be 
seeded  at  almost  any  time  when  the  soil 
is  bare  and  open.  I  would  not,  how¬ 
ever,  state  possibilities  as  general  ad¬ 
vice.  That  is  too  much  like  figuring  on 
$25  hens  and  $1,000  cows.  People  will 
not  consider  and  use  judgment.  Tell 
them  that  rye  can  be  seeded  any  time 
and  some  one  will  sow  it  on  the  snow 
in  February  and  March,  as  many  do 
clover  seed.  Years  ago  the  Sherwood 
steel  harness  had  a  good  run.  It  was 
made  of  steel  coming  up  under  the 
horses  with  a  single  chain  between 
them  in  place  of  traces.  I  asked  Mr. 
Sherwood  why  he  made  it  so  heavy. 
He  said  the  object  was  to  give  it  about 
four  times  the  strength  required.  Some 
people  took  it  on  trial,  hitched  it  to  a 
tree  and  tried  to  break  it.  He  had  to 
provide  for  all  such  “trials.”  That  was 
human  nature,  and  something  of  the 
same  is  needed  in  giving  advice.  Bet¬ 
ter  be  conservative.  A  lot  of  these 


back-to-the-land  stories  fall  apart  be¬ 
cause  they  promise  too  much. 

I  am  planning  the  following  rotation  on 
a  farm  recently  bought.  I  am  from  the 
South,  and  methods  here  are  somewhat  new 
to  me.  First  year,  corn  followed  by  rye. 
Second  year,  cut  rye  for  bay  and  follow 
with  buckwheat.  Follow  this  with  rye  or 
wheat  and  seed  to  clover  and  Timothy  in 
the  Spring.  In  this  case  should  rye  be 
planted  at  the  last  cultivation  of  the  corn 
or  sown  after  the  corn  is  harvested?  I  am 
told  that  it  would  not  do  for  hay  if  planted 
in  the  corn,  i.  e.,  that  it  would  take  on  too 
large  a  growth  in  the  Fall.  N.  L.  r. 

Cayuga  Co.,  N.  Y. 

I  would  first  of  all  go  to  local 
farmers,  see  what  they  do  and  ask  their 
advice.  Almost  every  locality  has  its 
peculiar  conditions.  Here  in  northern 
New  Jersey  the  plan  would  work.  We 
sow  rye  in  the  corn  and  can  cut  it  for 
hay  next  Spring.  It  is  a  matter  of 
convenience  whether  you  seed  in  the 
corn  or  wait  until  the  latter  is  cut.  We 
like  seeding  in  corn  because  the  job  is 
done  early  and  we  can  sow  vetch  or 
Crimson  clover  with  the  rye — which 
could  not  be  done  later.  Either  of  these 
crops  with  the  rye  will  improve  the  hay 
or  green  crop.  If  you  are  to  grow 
small  grain  clover  will  be  better  than 
vetch,  as  seed  of  the  latter  will  prove 
a  nuisance  in  small  grain.  Wheat  will 
give  you  a  better  grain  hay  than  rye, 
since  the  straw  is  not  so  hard  and 
tough.  If  you  do  seed  rye  cut  it  when 
in  bloom— do  not  wait  for  the  grain  to 
form.  It  is  poor  hay  at  best — wheat 
would  be  much  better.  As  a  rule  it 
does  not  pay  to  grow  both  rye  a  1 
wheat  on  the  same  farm.  They  mix. 

_ _  H.  w.  C. 

Eastern  Fruit  Growers’  Association. 

This  Association,  a  federation  of  com¬ 
mercial  fruit  growers’  organizations  cover¬ 
ing  the  States  of  Virginia,  West  Virginia, 
Maryland,  Pennsylvania  and  Delaware,  met 
at  Hotel  Raleigh,  Washington,  D.  C.,  at 
eight  o'clock  p.  m.,  December  12.  for  its  sec¬ 
ond  annual  conference.  About  50  large 
commercial  fruit  growers  and  delegates 
were  in  attendance.  It  was  shown  that  un¬ 
just  discriminations  against  shipping  sta¬ 
tions  located  in  the  five  States  represented 
at  the  conference  are  practiced.  To  rem¬ 
edy  this  and  secure  rates  to  which  the  sec¬ 
tion  would  appear  entitled  a  fund  of  .$2,000 
was  pledged  and  a  committee  appointed  to 
hire  competent  counsel  to  bring  these  rates 
to  the  attention  of  the  Interstate  Com¬ 
merce  Commission.  Present  methods  of 
compiling  and  distributing  fruit  crop  re¬ 
ports  as  used  by  the  Bureau  of  Statistics,  of 
the  Department  of  Agriculture  were  criti¬ 
cised  as  unsatisfactory.  Unanimous  reso¬ 
lution  was  passed  requesting  the  Depart¬ 
ment  to  co-operate  with  growers,  shippers, 
and  commission  men  to  develop  a  more 
satisfactory  method.  That  an  advertising 
campaign  for  developing  apple  markets 
should  properly  be  so  organized  as  to  ap¬ 
pear  to  the  ultimate  consumer  was  made 
clear  in  a  paper  on  the  subject  presented 
by  the  secretary.  A  resolution  was  unani¬ 
mously  carried  asking  the  State  societies  of 
the  five  States  represented  to  adopt  a  uni¬ 
form  selling  contract  to  be  recommended 
for  use  by  co-operative  exchanges  between 
commission  men  and  growers  with  the  un¬ 
derstanding  that  such  a  contract  would 
provide  that  a  commission  on  the  gross 
sales  be  placed  in  the  hands  of  an  officially 
designated  advertising  agency  for  carrying 
on  a  campaign  aimed  at  the  ultimate  con¬ 
sumer  in  certain  selected  markets.  Suffi¬ 
cient  volume  of  business  was  promised  by 
the  growers  present  to  warrant  an  adver¬ 
tising  agency  for  such  a  campaign.  It  is 
expected  that  committees  from  the  various 
State  societies  will  get  together  and  ar¬ 
range  for  the  beginning  of  such  campaign 
early  in  the  year. 

Officers  elected  for  the  ensuing  year  are. 
as  follows :  President.  S.  L.  Lupton.  Win¬ 
chester.  Va.'  vice-president  from  West  Vir¬ 
ginia,  C.  W.  Thatcher  of  Martinsburg ;  vice- 
president  from  Maryland,  E.  P.  Cohill,  Han¬ 
cock  ;  vice-president  from  Virginia.  S.  S. 
Guerrant,  Callaway ;  vice-president  from 
Delaware,  G.  L.  Soper.  Magnolia ;  vice- 
president  from  Pennsylvania.  I).  N.  M  in¬ 
nick,  Chambersburg ;  treasurer.  E.  I.  Os¬ 
wald.  Chewsville,  Md.  :  secretary,  N.  T. 
Frame,  Martinsburg,  W.  Va. ;  members  of 
the  executive  committee,  the  five  State 
vice-presidents  named  above. 


When  you  write. advertisers  mention  Thh 
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Wall  board 


1911. 


1237 


Ruralisms 


Growth  of  Climbing  Asparagus. 

TF.  S.  J.,  Malden,  Mass. — Can  you  tell 
me  what  to  do  for  an  asparagus  fern  which 
sends  out  long  vigorous  shoots  which  do 
not  leave  out? 

Ans. — Are  you  sure  that  these  shoots 
do  not  leave  out?  Both  Asparagus  plu- 
mosus  (usually  called  asparagus  fern) 
and  A.  Sprengeri  make  bare  shoots  of 
new  growth,  which  gradually  leave  out 
to  the  mature  form,  but  for  a  consider¬ 
able  time  the  foliage  growth  is  slow 
and  the  bare  shoots  are  not  attractive. 
We  think  that  if  your  plant  is  doing 
well  and  making  growth  there  is  no 
need  to  feel  anxious  about  it.  These 
plants  need  good  drainage  and  liberal 
treatment;  do  not  let  the  pot  stand  in 
water.  Sometimes  old  shoots  drop  their 
leaves  as  a  result  of  sour,  sodden  soil, 
or  from  escaping  coal  or  illuminating 
gas,  but  this  is  quickly  noticed  and  is 
distinct  from  the  bare  shoots  of  new 
growth. 

Grafting  Plum  and  Peach. 

I  often  see  in  the  papers  or  hear 
questions  asked  about  how  to  graft  the 
peach.  My  grafting  work  has  been  all 
in  California.  I  know  of  one  way  that 
the  peach  can  be  grafted  successfully. 
Fifty  years  ago  I  had  a  lot  of  seedling 
peaches  I  could  not  bud  in  their  season. 
So  in  the  Spring  I  wanted  to  start  some 
plum  trees,  and  I  had  heard  of  graft¬ 
ing  on  the  root  in  the  ground.  So  I 
went  at  it,  dug  close  down  to  the  roots, 
cut  the  stocks  off  near  as  could  be 
grafted,  “cleft,”  or  common  way, 
packed  the  soil  nicely  and  firmly  about 
the  work,  leaving  one  bud  out  of  the 
ground.  I  had  a  nice  lot  of  plum  trees. 
No  wax  or  cloth  used  except  where 
the  stocks  were  not  large  enough  to 
hold  without  tying.  I  cut  scions  four 
to  six  inches,  or  more,  depend¬ 
ing  how  low  the  roots  are  in  the 
ground.  Since  I  began  to  work  have 
grown  many  trees  of  apricot,  almond, 
peach,  plum  and  nectarine  on  the  peach 
root.  If  I  wish  to  get  good  or  new 
variety  of  the  above  fruits  I  find  seed¬ 
ling  peach,  dig  them  and  graft  and  set 
where  I  want  them  to  stand.  The  soil 
must  be  in  good  condition,  work  well 
done  so  it  will  not  dry  out  before  start¬ 
ing  to  grow.  They  can  be  waxed  same 
as  work  done  above  the  ground,  but 
waxing  is  not  necessary.  Scions  must 
be  used  as  in  other  grafting,  not  al¬ 
lowed  to  start  before  being  used.  I 
can  graft  here  from  January  to  April, 
if  the  weather  conditions  are  right.  I 
have  used  stocks  from  one-quarter  to 
two  inches  diameter.  The  larger  size 
I  sometimes  split  each  side  of  center 
and  put  in  three  or  four  scions.  If  the 
wood  is  winding  or  braidy  split  with 
the  saw.  I  have  made  some  peach 
grafts  grow  put  in  the  branches,  but 
cannot  depend  on  them.  Japan  plums 
grow  grafted  in  peach  limbs  almost  as 
well  as  apples  grafted  in  usual  way. 

Santa  Barbara  Co.,  Cal.  o.  n.  c. 

Various  Fruit  Questions. 

M.  B.,  Chalheim,  Ontario. — 1.  What  is 
the  cause  of  gummosis  in  peach  trees,  and 
the  remedy  or  preventative?  2.  Four  years 
ago  I  got  from  a  firm  in  New  Jersey  1300 
peach  trees,  and  out  of  that  number  l  have 
so  far  lost'  nearly  500.  During  the  grow¬ 
ing  season  they  make  but  little  growth, 
with  the  leaves  a  light  green  and  during 
the  latter  part  of  October  they  turn  a 
bright  red.  Fearing  it  was  some  disease  I 
cut  a  lot  of  them  down  and  found  the 
limbs  with  the  exception  of-  about  one- 
.  eighth  of  an  inch  around  the  outside  quite 
dead  and  in  some  cases  rotten.  What  is 
the  above  trouble,  and  the  cause  of  it?  3. 
Why  is  not  quince  stock  good  for  grafting 
apples  on?  4.  How  far  apart  should  dwarf 
apple  trees  on  Paradise  stock  be  planted, 
and  how  far  those  on  the  Doucin  stock? 

Ans. — 1.  Gum  exudes  from  any 
wound  on  a  peach  tree.  It  is  the  resi¬ 
due  left  from  evaporated  sap  and  is 
really  not  a  sure  sign  of  any  sort  of 
disease,  as  it  may  appear  where  there 
was  an  accidental  injury.  However,  it 
does  appear  on  some  diseased  trees.  2. 
It  would  be  impossible  to  tell  just  what 
was  the  cause  of  the  rotten  hearts  of 
the  trees  described,  but  I  have  known 
peach  trees  to  get  into  that  condition, 
having  been  injured  by  severe  Winter. 
It  is  possible  that  some  injury  of  this 
kind  befell  the  trees  before  or  after  they 
were  planted  that  caused  decay  to  start. 
Such  a  state  does  not  follow  the  work 
of  any  insect  or  fungus  disease  so  far  as 
I  know.  It  would  be  well  to  call  to  aid 
the  officials  of  the  Experimental  Station 


U'HJtC  RURA&  NEW-YORKER 


at  Guelph  or  at  least  send  them  speci¬ 
mens  to  study  and  report  upon.  3.  The 
apple  does  not  make  a  good  union  on 
the  quince  and  therefore  trees  resulting 
from  such  grafting  would  be  of  little 
or  no  value.  4.  If  I  should  answer  this 
question  from  a  practical  standpoint  I 
would  say  that  dwarf  apple  trees  of  any 
kind  should  be  planted  five  miles  apart. 
They  are  really  worthless  as  a  matter  of 
profit.  For  the  fancy  grower  who  wants 
to  play  with  dwarf  apple  trees  in  the 
backyard  of  a  town  lot  those  on  Para¬ 
dise  stock  should  be  set  10  feet  apart 
and  on  Doucin  stock  15  feet  apart.  The 
Experiment  Station  at  Geneva,  N.  Y., 
has  made  extensive  trials  with  dwarf 
apple  trees  and  come  to  the  conclusion 
that  they  are  not  practical  and  that  al¬ 
most  every  claim  that  has  been  made 
for  them  is  not  borne  out  by  the  facts 
as  developed  by  the  experiments  on 
three  large  plots,  h.  e.  van  deman. 

Traveling  Greenhouses. 

According  to  a  British  correspondent 
of  the  Florists’  Exchange,  traveling 
greenhouses  have  been  in  use  in  Great 
Britain  for  about  16  years.  They  travel 
along  a  certain  space  from  one  crop  to 
another,  affording  shelter  at  the  time 
needed  to  secure  an  early  growth  or 
bloom.  They  are  only  suited  for  special 
market  crops,  a  general  practice  being 
to  start  the  season  with  Narcissus  bulbs, 
planted  out  permanently,  following  with 
strawberries,  tomatoes  and  pot  Chry¬ 
santhemums.  Quite  frequently  only 
three  crops  are  handled,  giving  a  100- 
foot  house  a  run  over  300  feet  of 
ground.  Sometimes  the  crops  are  vio¬ 
lets,  followed  by  Narcissus,  then  toma¬ 
toes,  or  bulbs  followed  by  asparagus  and 
other  quick-growing  vegetables.  The 
English  writer  says: 

The  earlier  of  these  houses  were  made 
up  to  25  feet  wide  and  20  feet  long,  but 
experience  proved  that  an  average  of  22 
feet  six  inches  in  width  was  best,  as  the 
wider  house  has  a  tendency  to  spread  after 
a  time.  The  approximate  cost  of  building 
is  not  much  above  that  for  ordinary  fixed 
houses,  averaging  about  30  shillings  per 
foot  run  for  a  25  foot  wide  house,  inclusive 
of  rails.  The  rails  are  light  gauge,  about 
one  inch,  and  are  fastened  to  wooden  plates. 
In  most  instances  these  rails  are  laid  upon 
low  brick  walls,  about  18  inches,  with  iron 
stanchions  at  intervals  to  prevent  the  walls 
and  rails  being  forced  outward.  Where 
cost  has  to  be  kept  down,  the  outside  walls 
consist  of  creosoted  railway  sleepers.  The 
houses  are  invariably  erected  in  couples,  if 
not  more,  so  that  the  inside  rails  do  not 
call  for  walls,  they  being  supported  on 
their  plates,  which  arc  held  in  position  by 
strong  pillars  the  same  height  as  the  outer 
walls.  For  obvious  reasons,  the  cave  plate 
cannot  be  carried  very  high,  about  30 
inches  or  so  being  the  limit.  The  wheels, 
which  are  flanged  on  one  side,  are  about 
9-10  inches  in  diameter,  and  are  placed  at 
intervals  of  10  feet  to  12  feet.  These 
wheels  are  encased  in  boxes,  to  exclude 
as  much  draught  as  possible,  and  they  are 
connected  to  the  cave  plate  by  strong  bolts, 
and  angle  irons.  The  spaces  between  tlfe 
wheel  boxes  are  filled  by  movable  boards, 
which  serve  as  ventilators.  The  usual  top 
ventilators  are,  of  course,  included.  The 
roof  is  not  supported  by  any  pillars’.  The 
usual  center  purlin  supports  the  sash  bars, 
which  are,  naturally,  substantial,  the  sash 
bars  being  pinned  together  by  the  ordinary 
cross  bars. 

The  ends  of  the  houses  are  principally 
wood,  and  at  moving  time  these  ends  are 
taken  out  and  put  back  as  one  would  shut¬ 
ters.  In  some  instances  each  division  is 
parted  by  a  low  brick  wall,  so  that  each 
time  the  house  is  moved  it  lias  an  entirely 
brick  base.  Where  two  or  more  houses  are 
standing  side  by  side  the  inside  rails  are, 
of  course,  duplicated,  so  that  each  house 
runs  independently  of  its  neighbor,  although 
each  tends  to  increase  the  stability  of  the 
other.  As  will  be  noted  by  comparing  the 
human  figures  seen  in  the  pictures  of  the 
houses,  the  latter  are  about  10  feet  at  the 
ridge. 

The  heating  system  adopted  is  varied  ac¬ 
cording  to  a  grower’s  needs.  Where  more 
than  one  early  crop  is  handled,  the  prob¬ 
lem  of  heating  is  overcome  by  the  adoption 
of  a  traveling  boiler,  which  runs  upon  itg 
own  light  railway.  The  pipes  are  strongly 
fixed  to  the  house  and  the  flow  and  return 
come  out  at  the  corner,  where  they  connect 
up  with  the  boiler,  so  that  when  the  house 
moves  the  boiler  goes  with  it,  a  low  stoke 
hole  being  arranged  at  each  point  where 
the  boiler  stops,  and  a  movable  shed  being 
placed  over  it.  In  other  instances  the  pipes 
and  boiler  are  a  fixture,  each  section  being 
independent  and  operated  by  valves.  Many 
houses  are  not  heated  at  all,  and  in  others 
only  one  section.  The  houses  are  pinned 
down  to  the  rail  when  in  position,  to  pre¬ 
vent  movement.  The  method  of  shifting  is 
very  simple,  for  when  the  ends  are  taken 
out  four  men  can  easily  push  a  100  foot 
house  along,  and  even  in  the  case  of  longer 
houses  no  winches  or  pulleys  are  needed. 

Among  advantages  claimed  are  the 
labor  saved  in  handling  soil,  and  the 
fact  that  the  weathering  of  the  soil  in 
the  open  prevents  its  deterioration.  Nar¬ 
cissus  bulbs  can  be  left  in  the  ground 
three  years  without  lifting,  and  instead 
of  having  to  discard  the  bulbs  after 
forcing,  they  are  better  the  second  year 
than  the  first.  Span-roofed  frames  are 
made  on  the  same  principle  as  the 
greenhouse,  and  used  with  such  crops 
as  dwarf  peas,  strawberries,  lettuce, 
rhubarb  and  seakale.  They  are  said  to 
forward  the  crop  a  month,  and  are  a 
saving  of  labor.  This  system  is  patented 
in  the  United  States. 


R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


STOP  AND  FIGURE  WHAT 
CODUNG  NOTH  COSTS  YOU 


When  the  market  is 
taking  all  the  fancy 
apples  it  can  get  at  $8  to 
iio  per  barrel,  and  poor, 
wormy  ones  are  “begging  buyers”  at  $2  to 
$2  .50,  then  it  makes  a  big  difference  what 
kind  YOUR  trees  bear.  Most  wormy  fruit 
is  caused  by  codling  moth;  the  only  way  to 
rid  trees  of  them  is  to  spray  just  after  the 
petals  drop.  To  do  that  RIGHT  you  need  a 


Deming 


SPRAY 
PUMP 


because  with  it  you  can  raise,  and^ 
hold,  the  high  pressure  that  you 
must  have  to  do  effective  work. 
Deming  nozzles  break  the  spray  , 
into  a  fine  mist,  covering  the 
whole  tree  like  a  cloud. 

Our  outfits  are  well  known; 
you’ll  make  no  mistake  by 
selecting  a  “Deming.”  Consult 
your  dealer,  or  write  us.  Cata¬ 
logue  and  interesting  booklet 
free.  Accept  no  substitute 
for  Deming  Outfits. 

THE  DEMING  COMPANY, 

280  Success  Bldg.,  SALEM,  0. 

Manufacturers  of  Pumps 
for  All  Uses 
Agencies  Everywhere 


“KANT-KLOG”,^  sPr.y!Bg 
SPRAYERS,?*  Gu,<le  Free 

Something  New 

Gets  twice  tlio  results — 

with  same  laborand  fluid.  - 

Flat  or  round,  fine  or  coarse  sprays 
from  same  nozzle.  Ten  styles.  For 
trees,  potatoes,  gardens,  whitewashing, 
etc.  Agents  Wanted,  Booklet  Free. 

Rochester  Spray  Pump  Co. 


[l 

GALVANIZED  ROOFINf 

j  j 

J 

1  Corrugated  $096  per  square, 
or  V  crimp  Del.  your  station 

Send  postal  for  new  catalogue  13 

^GRIFFIN  LUMBER  CO.,  hudsnonyfalls  j 

AGENTS  $36  A  WEEK 


Hundreds  of  Agents  coining  money.  $5.60 

worth  of  tools 
for  the  price  of 
one.  Drop 
forged  fro  m 
finest  steel. 

Low  priced. 
Fast  seller.  Big 
demand.  Jack 
Wood  sold  100  in 
two  days.  He 
says:  "Best  seller  I  ever  saw.”  Get  in  the  game. 
Write  at  onoo  for  terms  andlfree  sample  to  workers. 
THOMAS  MKU.  CO.,  30HS  Wayne  Street,  DAYTON,  OHIO 


Will  Do  Everything 
but  “Buck” 


Here  Is  the  engine  to  do  your  work.  Uses 
only  a  gallon  of  gasoline  a  day.  Pumps  all 
the  water  the  average  farm  uses,  for  a 
cent  a  day.  A  hundred  or  more  economies 
In  work  possible  when  you  have  a 

Stnrdy  Jack  2  H*  P.  Pumper 

Alr.cooled  or  hopper-cooled. 

Write  for  our  four  engine  books  and  learn 
how  to  judge  an  engine.  Don’t  bo 
fooled  with  cheap  engines  that 
have  to  be  propped  up. 

Jacobson  Machine  Mfg.  Co., 

Depl.  D  Warron,  Pa. 


Don’t  Get  Caught 
by  a  Swindler 

Learn  to  detect  the  tricks  that  professional 
“gyps”  and  crooked  dealers  work  in  order  to 
beat  you  in  a  horse  trade.  Read 

44  Horse  Secrets  99 

as  told  by  Dr.  A.  S.  Alexander,  the  famous  vet¬ 
erinarian,  and  published  by  Farm  Journal  for 
the  protection  of  its  friends  and  supporters 
against  fraud.  This  book  reveals  every  frame- 
up  practiced  by  the  slickest  rascals  in  the 
business — the  “Widow  Dodge,”  the  “  fresh 
butter”  trick, the  “ginger”  trick  andscoresof 
others.  Also  contains  the  most  practical  advice 
as  to  the  care  and  cure  of  horses.  The  most 
complete  and  valuable  book  of  its  kind  ever 
published — offered  to  you  with  a  four  years 
subscription  to  the  most  helpful  and  prac¬ 
tical  farm  paper  published— 

Farm  Journal 

—unlike  any  other  paper — teaches  the  doctrine 
of  commousense  farming  in  a  forceful,  to-the- 
point  and  interesting  way  all  its  own.  A  sen¬ 
sible,  cheerful,  clean,  quaint  little  paper  which 
lias  carried  sunshine  and  valuable  advice  into 
country  homes  for  thirty-five  years,  and  now 
numbers  upward  of  four  million  readers. 
This  paper  monthly  for  four  years  and  “Horse 
Secrets”  at  once  postpaid 

Both  For  $i.oo 

Send  for  them  at  once,  and  if,  on  the  receipt 
of  the  book,  you  don’t  believe  that  in  it  alone 
yon  have  much  more  than  your  money’s  worth, 
say  so  and  we’ll  stop  the  paper  at  once. 

Farm  Journal,  130  N.Clifion  St.,  Philadelphia 


SPRAYING  PAYS—IF 


you  use  the  right  solution — a  solution  that  actually 
destroys  the  insects.  You  can  stop  the  ravages  of 
chewing  insects  by  spraying  with  a  depend¬ 
able  solution.  Many  orchardists,  gardeners  and 
farmers  are  doubtful  about  the  profits  from  spray¬ 
ing,  because  their  experience  has  been  with  cheap, 
ineffective  mixtures.  If  they  use 


S  PR  AYS  TH  ATPAVg 

KEY  BRAND 


ARSENATE  OF  LEAD 


they  would  know  it  pays  to  spray.  It  gets  results;  it  quickly 
kills  curculio,  the  moths,  borers,  canker  and  root  worms, 
beetles,  potato  bugs,  etc.  It  is  uniform  ;  easy  to  mix  ; 
stays  in  suspension  in  solution  readily ;  acts 
quickly  ;  sticks  like  paint  to  plants  ;  does  not  clog 
the  nozzles;  and  does  not  injure  foliage  or  fruit. 
Its  Higher  Quality  and  Lower  Cost  prevent  the  need 
of  a  substitute.  Paste  or  Powder  Form;  small  or  large 
packages;  shipped  in  Hard  Wood  or  Steel  Containers. 
Demand  Key  Brand.  Write  today  for  circular*  and  prices. 

Agents  and  wholesale  distributors  wanted. 

INTERSTATE  CHEMICAL  CO. 

20  Bayview  Ave.,  •  -  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 


LET  US  REFER  YOU  TO  A 
DEYO  USER  NEAR  YOU 

A/fOST  of  our  sales  of  DEYO  POWER 
SPRAYERS  are  made  by  our  cus- 
homers.  Our  guarantee  is  to  replace  any 
tart  which  wears  out  or  is  broken  within 
one  year,  no  matter  what  it  is  or  how  it 
pappens. 

Write  to-day  for  Bulletin  4-C 

DEYO-MACEY  ENGINE  CO. 
BINGHAMTON,  N.  Y. 


Bigger  Fruit  Profits 

Here  is  a  spray  pump  invented 
by  fruit  growers.  It  was  our 
endeavor  to  secure  the  best 
spray  pump  to  use  on  our 
300  acre  fruit  farm  that 
produced  the 

ECLIPSE 

SPRAY  PUMP 

It  overcomes  every  defect  found 
in  other  makes — it  has  proved  it¬ 
self  best  in  actual  work.  Put  an 
Eclipse  to  work  on  your  trees  and 
earn  bigger  profits.  Write  for  our 
fully  illustrated  catalogue.  It  tells 
why  you  should  spray— and  why 
you  should  do  it  with  an  Eclipse. 
It’s  free.  Write  to-day. 

MORRILL  &  MORLEY  MFC.  CO..  Benton  Harbor,  Mich. 


BUY  LIME  NOW! 

Hydrated  Lime  in  paper  sacks,  car  lots,  for  $7.50 
per  ton.  Lime  Screenings  in  bulk,  from  best  grade 
of  burnt  lime,  $5.00  per  ton,  f.  o.  b.  ears  any  point 
between  Buffalo  and  New  York  on  the  main  lines 
of  the  N.  Y.  Central,  Erie,  D.,  L.  &  W.,  Penna., 
Lehigh,  N.  Y„  O.  &  W„  and  C.  R.  It.  of  N.J. 
Special  price  on  ground  Land  Lime  made  on  appli¬ 
cation.  Order  early  before  the  great  demand  sets 
in  and  delays  shipments. 

Address  J.  W.  Ballard  Co.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 


GREAT  CROP  RESULTS 

from  the  use  of  Martin’s  Animal  Bone  and  Tankage 
Fertilizers  force  us  to  operate  a  third  factory ;  total 
capacity,  200,000  tons.  Seven  large  abattoirs  and 
stockyards  furnish  the  bulk  of  our  raw  materials. 
Agents  and  farmers  constantly  assure  us  that  our 
fertilizers  give  the  best  results  of  any  ever  tested 
and  that  they  sell  more  than  of  any  ever  handled. 
Agents  and  farmers  wanting  strictly  independent 
animal  matter  fertilizers,  with  exclusive  selling 
territory,  should  arrange  with  us  NOW. 

D,  B.  MARTIN  CO  .  BUILDING  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED  IN  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE- 


.  .  .  MANUFACTURED  ONLY  BY  .  ,  . 

27re  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co., 

Middletown,  Conn. 

Send  for  free  Almanac  telling  all  about 
Hubbard's  “  Bone  Base”  Fertilizers. 


1  238 


The  Rural  New-Yorker 

THE  BUSINESS  FARMER'S  PAPER 

A  National  Weekly  Journal  for  Country  and  Suburban  Homes 

Established  iSSO 

Published  weekly  by  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  409  Pearl  St.,  New  York 

Herbert  W.  Collixgwood,  President  and  Editor. 

.Toir>.  J.  Dillon,  Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

Wm.  F.  Dillon,  Secretary.  Mbs.  E.  T.  Hoyle,  Associate  Editor. 


*  SUBSCRIPTION:  ONE  DOLLAR  A  YEAR 

To  foreign  countries  in  the  Universal  Postal  Union.  equal  to  8s.  6d.,  or 

8>£  marks,  or  10J4  francs.  Remit  in  money  order,  express 
order,  personal  check  -or  bank  draft. 

Entered  at  New  York  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Advertising  rates  60  cents  per  agate  line — 7  words.  Discount  for  time  orders. 
References  required  for  advertisers  unknown  to  us  ;  and 
cash  must  accompany  transient  orders. 

“A  SQUARE  DEAL” 

We  believe  that  every  advertisement  in  this  paper  is  hacked  by  a  respon¬ 
sible  person.  But  to  make  doubly  sure  wo  will  make  good  any  loss  to  paid 
subscribers  sustained  by  trusting  any  deliberate  swindler  advertising  in  our 
columns,  and  any  such  swindler  will  be  publicly  exposed.  We  protect  sub¬ 
scribers  against  rogues-,  hut  we  do  not  guarantee  to  adjust  trifling  differences 
between  subscribers  and  honest,  responsible  advertisers.  N  either  w-ill  we  be 
responsible  for  the  debts  of  honest  bankrupts  sanctioned  by  the  courts. 
Notice  of  the  complaint  must  be  sent  to  us  within  one  month  of  the  time  of 
the  transaction,  and  yon  must  have  mentioned  The  Rural  New-Yorker 
when  writing  the  advertiser.  '  • 


TEN  WEEKS  FOR  10  CENTS. 

In  order  to  introduce  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  progressive, 
intelligent  farmers  who  do  not  now  take  it,  we  send  it 
10  weeks  for  10  cents  for  strictly  introductory  pur¬ 
poses.  We  depend  on  our  old  friends  to  make  this 
known  to  neighbors  and  friends. 

* 

All  the  American  meat  packers  now  under  Gov¬ 
ernment  indictment  are  excluded  from  making  ten¬ 
ders  to  supply  meat  to  the  British  army  and  navy. 
Some  of  them  have  secured  large  contracts  in  the 
past,  but  it  is  a  rule  with  the  British  Government  to 
refrain  from  giving  contracts  to  any  firm  involved  in 
serious  litigation  so  long  as  the  litigation  continues. 
It  is  expected  that  Argentine  packers  will  secure 
these  contracts.  We  shall  probably  hear  how  these 
packers  are  being  “ruined.”  Most  likely  the  prices 
on  live  stock  will  be  cut,  but  the  consumer  will  still 
be  held  up. 

* 

During  the  past  25  years  we  have  read  many 
articles  giving  advice  about  selecting  the  better  half 
of  the  dairy  herd.  It  is  a  matter  of  great  importance 
to  the  man  who  must  live,  raise  a  family,  pay  for  a 
farm  and  provide  for  old  age  by  making  milk  that 
his  cows  grow  better  and  more  productive  year  by 
year.  All  will  admit  that  such  a  man  cannot  hope  to 
get  ahead  very  fast  unless  his  bull  is  of  the  best. 
Therefore  millions  of  words  have  been  poured  out 
over  this  subject.  Our  conviction  is  that  the  series 
of  articles  beginning  this  week  will  prove  the  most 
useful  contribution  to  tne  subject  that  has  been 
printed  in  years.  It  is  a  study — long  enough  to  cover 
the  ground  fully  and  short  enough  to  be  readable 
by  all. 

It  is  announced  by  the  tariff  and  legislative  commit¬ 
tee  of  the  Society  of  American  Florists: 

In  the  controversy  with  the  United  States  Express  Co., 
which  has  been  going  on  during  the  past  six  months,  over 
the  inefficient  delivery  of  cut  flowers,  the  company  has 
acceded  to  the  representations  of  the  committee,  and  has 
established  a  satisfactory  and  efficient  delivery,  without 
an  appeal  to  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission. 

When  an  individual  complains  of  an  abuse,  we 
know  how  unsympathetic  the  express  companies  are, 
in  most  cases.  In  this  case  a  great  national  trade 
organization  is  concerned.  In  one  district  where  the 
express  companies  refused  proper  service  a  few  years 
ago,  the  florists  established  daily  express  service  of 
their  own,  causing  a  heavy  loss  of  business  to  the 
haughty  corporations,  and  it  seems  possible  that  the 
medicine  was  salutary. 

* 

“The  Grange  insults  tts!’1 

Oh,  dear !  That  is  what  the  “Connecticut  delega¬ 
tion”  in  Congress  is  reported  as  saying  when  they  re¬ 
ceived  the  following  hot  one  right  off  the  bat  of  the 
New  Haven  County  Pomona  Grange: 

Resolved,  That  in  view  of  the  excessive  express  rates 
and  for  the  better  service  of  the  general  public,  we  are 
heartily  in  favor  of  the  government  parcels  post,  and  that 
this  resolution  be  fo warded  to  our  Congressmen  and  Sen¬ 
ators,  urging  them  to  DO  ALL  IN  THEIR  POWER  for 
the  early  enactment  of  such  provision  as  shall  lead  to  its 
establishment.  If  they  do  not  do  this,  we,  the  members 
of  New  Haven  County  Pomona  Grange  numbering  508, 
do  not  wish  to  see  them  re-elected. 

Thank  the  good  Lord  these  Grangers  have  the 
nerve  and  the  public  enterprise  to  make  such  state¬ 
ments.  May  they  have  the  courage  to  stand  by  what 
they  say  and  cut  out  every  Congressman  who  -will 
not  fight  on  their  side.  “Insulted!”  What  childish 
nonsense  that  is !  What  are  these  men  sent  to  Wash¬ 
ington  for,  and  who  sends  them?  Do  they  elect  them¬ 
selves  and  pay  their  own  expenses,  or  are  they  sup¬ 
posed  to  represent  the  people?  Connecticut  does  not 
want  a  lot  of  human  wooden  nutmegs  in  Congress — • 
but  rather  men  who  will  put  some  real  spice  into  pub¬ 
lic  life.  Stay  right  by  them — you  are  not  their  ser¬ 
vants;  the  obligation  runs  the  other  way. 


THE  RURAL  NR  W- YORKER 

We  close  the  year  with  the  largest  volume  in  the 
history  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  There  are  1248  pages — 32 
more  than  the  year  before.  We  realize  that  mere 
bulk  is  of  little  consequence.  It  would  be  possible  for 
a  paper,  like  a  man,  to  put  on  thick  layers  of  fat  so 
that  more  paper  or  cloth  would  be  required  for  cloth¬ 
ing.  That  might  not  indicate  any  increase  of  char¬ 
acter  or  power.  Such  qualities  depend  not  upon  pages 
or  pounds,  but  rather  upon  the  living  and  vital  things 
which  cannot  be  weighed  or  measured.  It  is  in  no 
spirit  of  boasting  or  pride  that  we  close  another  vol¬ 
ume  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  We  have  tried  our  best  to  be 
really  useful  to  our  people.  It  is  said  that  the  farmer 
can  plow  under  his  mistakes;  the  doctor  can  bury  his, 
while  the  lawyer  can  blame  the  judge.  We  do  not 
claim  any  such  privilege.  Our  year’s  work  lies  before 
you  in  black  and  white.  We  stand  for  it,  and  our  only 
promise  is  that  in  the  future  we  will  give  all  we  have 
of  intelligence  and  power  in  an  effort  to  tell  our  peo¬ 
ple  what  they  want  to  know  and  also  what  they  ought 
to  know.  There  is  no  end  of  the  year  for  us.  This 
is  No.  4131;  next  week  it  will  be  No.  4132,  and  so  on 
to  the  end.  Happy  New  Year  to  all  of  you!  It  will 
be  a  good  year  if  we  all  try  to  make  it  so.  Of  course 
you  will  be  with  us  to  help  and  be  helped. 

* 

Under  Publisher’s  Desk  this  week  is  further  refer¬ 
ence  to  that  slick  scheme  of  the  “First  Burbank  Tim¬ 
ber  Co.”  This  concern  seems  to  have  figured  that  the 
way  to  raid  a  farmer’s  pocketbook  is  to  parade  the 
names  of  a  few  of  his  agricultural  friends.  And  they 
will  grab  the  reputation  of  these  friends  if  they  dannot 
get  them  otherwise.  They  quoted,  among  others,  the 
name  of  Dr.  G.  F.  Warren,  of  Cornell.  When  they  ap¬ 
proached  him,  Dr.  Warren  replied  as  follows: 

First  Burbank  Timber  Co.,  309  Broadway,  New  York : 

Gentlemen  :  I  would  not  care  to  serve  on  your  Board 
of  Experts,  as  I  have  never  seen  very  successful  results 
from  stock  companies  of  this  kind.  Most  companies  of 
this  kind  succeed  in  selling  a  good  many  shares,  but'  are 
usually  not  so  successful  in  producing  crops.  Possibly 
your  company  is  an  exception,  but  I  do  not  believe  that 
it  would  be  wise  for  me  to  allow  the  use  of  my  name, 
which,  of  course,  is  essentially  bringing  in  the  College  of 
Agriculture,  to  appear  in  connection  with  the  enterprise. 

Very  truly  yours, 

G.  F.  WARREN. 

We  wish  to  commend  Dr.  Warren  in  the  most  pub¬ 
lic  manner  for  taking  this  position.  This  letter  is  a 
model.  It  might  well  be  printed  in  letters  two  inches 
high,  framed  and  hung  up  in  every  agricultural  col¬ 
lege  and  experiment  station.  In  spite  of  this  clear  re¬ 
fusal  this  concern  printed  Dr.  Warren’s  name  on  its 
“Board  of  Experts.”  He  has  complained  to  the  post 
office  authorities  about  it.  There  is  no  surer  way  to 
kill  off  the  helpful  work  of  these  public  institutions 
than  for  the  experts  to  lend  their  names  to  promote 
schemes  or  swindles.  This  letter  of  Dr.  Warren’s  is 
a  good  New  Year’s  present  to  the  fraternity. 

* 

The  present  high  prices  of  butter  naturally  attract 
attention.  Some  men  are  so  devoid  of  stage  patriot¬ 
ism  that  they  have  few  heart  throbs  over  the  various 
current  political  booms,  tariff  recision  scares,  etc.,  but 
most  men  have  throbs  in  their  purse  when  butter 
gets  above  a  wholesale  of  35  cents,  which  means  40  to 
45  cents  on  the  table.  Those  engineering  the  cam¬ 
paign  for  oleo  practically  free  of  tax  need  the  help  of 
public  sentiment,  and  feel  that  a  rise  in  butter  prices 
just  now  would  be  timely.  Cheaper  oleo,  cheaper 
butter,  they  say,  and,  as  the  same  speculative  interests 
control  both  products,  they  can  make  prices  to  suit 
their  purposes.  In  mind  they  already  hear  the  jingle 
of  75  to  100  per  cent  profits  on  sales  of  free  oleo,  and 
could  well  afford  to  shave  a  little  slice  from  their 
profits  on  butter  to  keep  both  products  moving  at  a 
good  commercial  trot.  Considerable  quantities  of  oleo 
are  now  handled  in  a  wholesale  way  around  New 
York  and  other  large  Eastern  cities,  but  who  ever 
saw  any  brisk  business  going  on  in  the  retail  stores 
handling  this  product?  There  is  but  one  conclusion 
possible — that  the  oleo  is  retailed  as  butter,  and  who 
believes  that  the  dealers  now  working  the  fraud  would 
be  nearer  honest  were  oleo  tax  free  and  the  profit  on 
its  fraudulent  sale  increased  nearly  10  cents  per 
pound  ? 

* 

Farmers  and  dairymen  must  prepare  for  a  desper¬ 
ate  fight  over  oleo.  Formerly  the  oleo  men  have  tried 
to  match  the  dollar  against  the  man.  They  have 
worked  at  Congress  by  spending  millions  right  at 
Washington.  This  has  not  succeeded,  for  Congress 
felt  the  force  of  popular  demand  direct  from  farm¬ 
ers.  So  now  the  oleo  men  have  started  to  try  to 
match  the  fooled  or  deluded  man  against  the  farmer. 

It  is  a  shrewd  scheme.  Swift  &  Co.  start  it  by  print¬ 
ing  full  page  advertisements  in  the  magazines  and 
weekly  papers.  These  advertisements  are  filled  with 
half,  quarter  and  10  per  cent  truths,  and  a  few  state- 


December  30, 

ments  which  are  twisted  just  a  point  away  from 
falsehoods.  The  point  of  the  advertisement  is  this : 

The  tax  on  oleomargarine  can  be  removed  by  public 
demand.  This  is  a  question  of  greatest  importance  to  you, 
the  consumer.  Write  your  Congressman  and  tell  him 
when  the  bill  for  removing  the  tax  on  oleomargarine  is 
introduced  that  you  will  appreciate  his  support. 

You  see  they  now  understand  they  cannot  buy  the 
removal  of  that  tax  directly.  The  dollar  has  not 
matched  the  cow  man.  They  have  got  to  have  what 
they  call  “popular  demand,”  and  they  are  going  after 
it  in  cold-blooded,  selfish  fashion.  There  is  no  prin¬ 
ciple  about  it — only  a  plain,  brutal,  false  appeal  to 
the  pocket-book.  They  know  what  would  follow  the 
removal  of  the  tax  on  colored  oleo.  The  country 
would  be  flooded  with  it  until  thousands  of  butter 
makers  were  driven  out  of  business,  and  then  the 
price  of  oleo  would  be  put  up  so  as  to  pay  an  ex¬ 
orbitant  profit.  That  is  the  way  such  things  have  al¬ 
ways  been  worked.  We  do  not  believe  this  new  trick 
will  work ;  at  the  sam  time  every  dairyman  or  cow 
owner  in  the  country  must  get  ready  for  a  fight. 

* 

Shortly  after  the  New  York  Legislature  meets  it 
is  planned  to  introduce  a  bill  regulating  the  business 
of  commission  men.  Last  year  the  Collin  bill  was 
killed  in  the  Assembly,  but  its  successor  this  session 
will  have  a  better  chance.  We  know  at  least  three 
old  members  who  had  this  thing  put  up  to  them 
straight  by  their  people.  They  have  seen  the  light  and 
will  support  a  good  bill.  The  sentiment  for  such  a 
bill  is  stronger  and  better  organized  than  last  year. 
As  for  the  necessity  of  legislation  to  compel  the 
commission  men  to  open  their  books  and  assume  re¬ 
sponsibility,  every  shipper  who  sees  his  goods  pass 
out  of  his  hands  understands  that.  Members  of  the 
Legislature  from  the  large  cities  will  mostly  oppose 
such  a  bill  because  they  favor  the  dealers.  In  order 
to  pass  the  bill,  therefore,  we  must  influence  every 
member  from  a  rural  county  and  make  him  under¬ 
stand  the  situation.  The  time  to  begin  this  work  is 
right  now. 

* 

The  following  contribution  to  the  “consumer’s 
dollar”  discussion  is  reported  from  the  Syracuse, 
N.  Y.,  Journal : 

Nine  cents  a  pound  for  the  best  cuts  of  beef,  including 
porterhouse,  isirloin  or  any  other  cut,  was  what  patrons 
of  the  North  Side  Market  obtained  meat  for  this  morning. 
F.  B.  Morley,  who  bought  six  carcasses  of  fine  young  beef 
here  Thursday,  says  he  found  himself  confronted  with  a 
combine  among  dealers,  which  makes  it  impossible  for  a 
farmer  to  sell  his  beef.  lie  says  his  men  went  about  the 
city  trying  to  sell  the  meat,  but  found  it  impossible  on 
account  of  the  prices  offered,  three  cents  a  pound  being 
the  most  they  could  get.  He  then  determined  to  give  the 
people  the  advantage  of  his  stock.  Bright  and  early  this 
morning  he  appeared  on  the  market  with  his  meat,  saws 
and  knives  ready.  Upon  announcing  that  any  cut  could 
be  had  from  four  to  nine  cents  a  pound,  he  nearly  created 
a  panic.  People  crowded  around  his  wagon  as  thick  as 
bees,  and  his  helper  and  himself  were  unable  to  carve 
fast  enough.  Many  poor  people  are  patrons  of  the  North 
Side  Market,  and  there  will  undoubtedly  be  many  happy 
homes  to-night  in  the  poorer  sections,  when  a  tired  hus¬ 
band  conies  home  to  find  a  delicious  steak  on  the  table 
to  appease  his  appetite  whereas  he  expected  only  a  potato 
and  piece  of  cheap  meat. 

Most  Eastern  farmers  who  try  to  sell  that  quan¬ 
tity  of  meat  find  that  local  butchers  are  shy  when  it 
comes  to  buying.  The  reason  some  of  them  give  us 
in  private  is  that  they  are  obliged  to  depend  on  the 
meat  trust  for  supplies,  and  they  are  held  up  strictly 
against  making  local  purchases.  If  the  average 
butcher  were  to  patronize  farmers  to  any  great  ex¬ 
tent  he  would  be  put  to  inconvenience  and  loss,  for 
sooner  or  later  he  would  be  obliged  to  buy  from  the 
trust.  In  old  days  farmers  could  deal  with  local 
butchers  to  good  adantage — 'now  the  trust  demands 
the  privilege  of  both  buying  and  selling  at  their  own 
terms.  Over  20  years  ago  The  R.  N.-Y.  pointed  out 
clearly  the  tendency  to  squeeze  out  the  local  meat 
business  in  New  York.  The  experience  in  Syracuse 
shows  one  way  of  working  wherever  there  is  a  pub¬ 
lic  market.  Farmers  cannot  wait  for  Congress  to 
pass  “laws”  to  shut  off  this  extortion — they  must 
make  a  few  business  laws  of  their  own. 


BREVITIES. 

England  imports  each  year  about  10.000,000  eoeoanuts. 

A  Georgia  man  sent  President  Taft  a  giant  yam  weigh-  ■ 
ing  35  pounds  ;  it  was  three  feet  10  inches  in  circumference. 

One  effect  of  the  Chinese  rebellion  is  a  total  stoppage 
in  the  export  of  towels  from  Japan.  Why  men  who  start 
in  to  clean  up  a  government  should  quit  using  towels  is 
too  much  for  us. 

A  feature  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  for  next  year  will  he  a 
department  on  spraying.  This  operation  has  now  become 
one  of  the  four  vital  things  in  fruit  growing.  We  shall 
discuss  it  in  a  practical  way  in  all  details. 

The  “Thirty  Cent  Egg  Club”  has  been  started  in  Cleve¬ 
land  by  a  group  of  heroes  who  say  they  will  abstain 
from  eggs  until  the  price  looks  like  30  cents.  It  is  said 
that  25,000  people  have  joined  the  movement.  While  this 
crusade  may  afflict  the  cold  storage  middlemen,  we  doubt 
its  effect  on  the  unterrifled  business  hen. 


11)11. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


1230 


OTHER  PEOPLE'S  MONEY. 

In  May  last  Senator  E.  Burton,  Ohio, 
estimated  that  the  E.  G.  Lewis  League 
scheme  was  $800,000  in  debt,  and  that 
in  addition  to  this  Lewis  admitted  de¬ 
benture  indebtedness  to  the  members 
individually  of  $1,200,000,  making  a  to¬ 
tal  of  two  million  dollars  against  his 
League.  In  his  testimony  before  the 
Congressional  Committee  in  Washing¬ 
ton  Lewis  protested  dramatically  against 
this  statement  and  testified  that  the 
League  was  not  in  debt. 

In  the  Lewis  paper  of  December  16th, 
John  H.  Williams  says  this  League  has 
the  following  obligations : 

Mortgage  . $156,810 

Liens  and  Chapter  House  indebted¬ 
ness  .  25,000 

General  indebtedness  .  150,000 

Subscription  Certificates  outstand¬ 
ing  .  500,000 

making  in  all  $831,810,  showing  that 
Senator  Burton’s  estimate  was  actually 
thirty-one  thousand  dollars  short  of 
Mr.  Williams’  admissions,  and  if  we  add 
the  $1,200,000  on  debentures,  the  indebt¬ 
edness  of  his  so-called  League  exceeds 
the  two  million  dollars  estimated  by 
Mr.  Burton  and  disputed  by  Lewis. 

Mr.  Williams  also  says: 

The  value  represented  by  the  building 
and  grounds  of  the  Art  Academy  cannot 
be  held  for  any  of  the  debts  of  the  League, 
excepting  for  the  mortgage  on  it  of  $156,- 
810,  because  it  is  held  by  the  University 
City  Art  Museum  Society  in  trust. 

Certainly  the  good  women  are  getting 
a  lesson  in  high  and  crafty  finance  from 
the  start.  This  is  probably  considered 
a  necessary  part  of  their  business  edu¬ 
cation.  We  wonder  how  many  of  the 
good  women  who  have  been  allured  by 
Lewis’s  schemes  will  be  edified  by  this 
clever  device  to  escape  honest  debts. 

There  is  one  little  incident  that 
neither  Mr.  Williams  nor  Lewis  has  yet 
confided  to  his  League  members.  We 
refer  to  the  suit  that  was  filed  by  the 
Wallace  Co.  against  the  individual  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  League  to  secure  payment 
for  spoons,  or  at  least  against  a  few 
of  the  members  as  individuals.  They 
are  not  told  that  it  is  the  opinion  of 
attorneys  that  this  being  a  voluntary 
association,  the  members  are  believed  to 
be  liable  for  the  indebtedness  against 
the  League.  The  women,  of  course, 
will  remember  that  Lewis  promised 
them  in  print  that  the  League  would 
have  no  indebtedness.  It  would  seem  that 
this  is  a  matter  of  sufficient  importance 
to  merit  the  consideration  of  the  mem¬ 
bers,  but  we  have  looked  in  vain  for 
any  reference  to  it  in  the  Lewis  paper. 

In  his  testimony  before  the  Congres¬ 
sional  Committee  Lewis  said  that  the 
League  was  merely  a  subscription 
agency.  He  has  made  the  same  an¬ 
nouncement  in  other  places.  He  now 
says  that  the  League  cannot  be  a  suc¬ 
cess  as  a  subscription  agency  alone.  He 
wants  to  make  them  selling  agents  of 
other  things  as  well  as  subscriptions, 
while  Williams  and  probably  the  strug¬ 
gling  publishers  who  sent  him  to  St. 
Louis  would  confine  their  activities  to 
soliciting  subscriptions  for  the  papers 
concerned. 

While  testifying  to  the  Congressional 
Committee  that  the  League  is  merely  a 
business  organization  for  ;  etting  sub¬ 
scriptions,  he  tells  the  women  them¬ 
selves  that  they  have  been  held  in  the 
background  by  men  and  treated  “in¬ 
ferior  things,  not  quite  human.”  He 
wants  to  give  them  business  experience. 
As  a  matter  of  fact,  they  are  getting  the 
experience  all  right.  He  gets  the  money. 
Mr.  Williams  gives  a  table  to  show  the 
money  sent  him  on  the  League  scheme 
for  memberships  from  December,  1907, 
to  December,  1911.  It  amounts  to  $2,- 
416,383.  The  Congressional  Committee 
asked  him  if  he  made  an  accounting  of 
these  funds.  He  promptly  and  forcibly 
replied  there  was  by  public  account¬ 
ants.  This,  if  true,  would  be  news  to 
some  of  the  members.  As  a  matter  of 
fact,  Mr.  Williams  says  in  the  paper  re¬ 
ferred  to  that  it  is  not  true.  He  says 
it  is  impossible  to  give  accurate  figures. 
Public  accountants  usually  give  definite 
and  accurate  figures,  and  we  have  seen 
a  private  letter  from  Mr.  Williams  in 
which  he  says  it  was  not  considered 
wise  to  make  the  statements  he  had 
promised. 

Taking  their  own  statements  the 
women  have  sent  in  nearly  two  and  a 
half  million  dollars  on  this  scheme  alone 
in  four  years,  and  owe  all  told  over 
$2,000,000.  They  were  told  they  would 
have  millions  of  endowments  and  an  in¬ 
come  of  $20  to  $30  annually  for  life,  be¬ 
sides  other  benefits  valued  at  $1,000  for 
each  member.  The  losses  of  the  Lewis 
concerns  are  estimated  at  not  less  than 
$8,000,000.  Now  Mr.  Lewis  proposes 
that  these  women  sell  papers  and  other 


products  that  he  proposes  to  manufac¬ 
ture  to  make  up  all  this  loss.  Stripped 
of  all  romance,  if  this  is  not  his  proposi¬ 
tion,  we  would  like  some  one  to  define 
just  what  his  latest  scheme  is  in  plain 
English. 


EVENTS  OF  THE  WEEK. 

DOMESTIC. — F.  Olnoy  McCormick,  head 
of  the  McCormick  Company,  Inc.,  of  Phila¬ 
delphia.  who  pleaded  gnilty  to  using  the 
mails  to  perpetrate  a  fraud,  was  sentenced 
December  13  to  serve  two  years  in  the  At¬ 
lanta  Penitentiary  and  pay  a  fine  of  $1,000. 
McCormick  conducted  a  money  lending 
business.  He  advertised  that  he  would 
lend  money  to  any  one  having  sound  col¬ 
lateral  security.  In  several  instances  Mc¬ 
Cormick  sold  the  security  almost  imme¬ 
diately  after  it  had  been  pledged,  hoping 
that  its  value  would  drop.  Invariably  Mc¬ 
Cormick  stipulated  in  the  loan  contract 
that  he  could  sell  the  collateral  at  the  end 
of  a  year  from  date.  McCormick  attracted 
the  attention  of  persons  in  need  of  ready 
money  by  describing  his  business  “The 
Millionaire  House  of  McCormick.” 

Legislation  which  will  double  the  fees 
now  obtained  from  automobiles  in  Massa¬ 
chusetts  and  which  will  give  Boston  a  part 
of  the  revenue  will  be  recommended  by 
Gov.  Foss  to  the  incoming  Legislature.  The 
amount  derived  annually  from  automobile 
taxes  is  about  $475,000. 

Virginia’s  annual  Fish  Commission  re¬ 
port  shows  that  Virginia,  with  a  gross  in¬ 
come  of  $7,500,000  from  the  fish  and  oyster 
industry  for  the  year  ended  September  1, 
1911,  now  leads  all  States  in  the  fish  in¬ 
dustry,  surpassing  even  Massachusetts, 
with  her  great  cod  and  mackerel  catches. 
These  figures  do  not  include  the  deep-sea 
catches  or  mackerel  and  blue  fish,  which, 
if  added,  would  increase  the  total  by  a 
million  or  more  dollars. 

John  B.  Stanchfield,  as  counsel  for  the 
American  Tee  Company,  appeared  before 
Justice  Blanchard  in  the  Criminal  Branch 
of  the  Supreme  Court  at  New  York,  De¬ 
cember  15,  and  paid  a  $5,000  fine  which 
was  imposed  upon  the  corporation  after  it 
had  been  found  guilty  of  maintaining  a 
monopoly  in  1909.  The  case  was  tried  be¬ 
fore  _  Justice  Wheeler.  Upon  a  motion  of 
William  McQuaid.  Deputy  Attorney-Gen¬ 
eral.  three  indictments  for  the  same  offence 
against  several  directors  of  the  company 
were  dismissed  by  Justice  Blanchard. 

The  snow  was  five  feet  deep  in  the  Lime¬ 
stone  country.  South  Dakota,  December  18. 
Deer  are  being  driven  by  the  snow  into 
the  foothills,  and  are  greatly  harassed  by 
the  coyotes,  and  in  some  cases  the  younger 
of  the  animals  have  been  killed.  In  Per¬ 
kins  County  a  pack  of  buffalo  wolves  is  re¬ 
ported  to  be  doing  damage  to  stock. 

On  the  first  count  of  an  indictment  in 
which  he  had  been  found  guilty  on  six 
counts  the  Rev.  Frank  W.  Sandford.  leader 
of  the  Holy  Ghost  and  Us  Society,  was 
sentenced  December  18  to  10  years  in  At¬ 
lanta  Federal  Prison  by  Judge  Clarence 
Hale  of  the  United  States  District  Court 
at  Portland.  Me.  The  specific  charge  on 
which  the  Shiloh  leader  was  sentenced  is 
that  of  causing  the  death  of  Geiorge 
Hughey,  a  member  of  his  flock,  who  died  at 
sea.  by  failing  to  furnish  provisions  during 
thd  recent  17  months’  cruise  of  the  yacht 
Coronet.  This  was  the  first  of  six  counts 
in  the  indictment  found  by  the  Federal 
Grand  Jury.  Judge  Ilale  continued  the 
others,  leaving  Sandford  still  open  to  sen¬ 
tence  on  them  should  the  authorities  care 
to  take  such  action  at  any  time. 

The  constitutionality  of  the  Illinois 
statute  to  indemnify  owners  of  property 
from  damage  occasioned  by  mobs  or  riots 
was  upheld  December  18  by  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States.  Several  cases 
brought  under  this  law  are  said  to  be 
pending  in  the  Illinois  State  courts,  in¬ 
volving  claims  for  damages  aggregating 
many  millions  of  dollars.  During  a  strike 
in  Chicago  on  July  16,  1903.  a  srx-story 
building  owned  by  Frank  Sturges  was  at¬ 
tacked.  Under  the  mob  law  Sturges  recov¬ 
ered  from  the  city  three-fourths  of  the 
damage.  The  city  then  appealed  to  the 
Supreme  Court,  on  the  ground  that  the  law 
was  unconstitutional. 

The  Government  filed  in  the  Federal 
Court  at  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  December  18, 
a  suit  to  dissolve  the  so-called  Plumbing 
Trust.  The  allegations  are  made  in  a  bill 
in  equity  that  the  Pacific  Coast  Plumbing 
Supply  Association  “and  others”  have  con¬ 
spired  since  1907  to  restrain  trade  and  in¬ 
terstate  commerce. 

The  largest  inland  ship  lock  in  the 
world,  called  the  Black  Rock  lock,  has  just 
been  completed  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  A  Phila¬ 
delphia  company  did  the  construction  work 
at  a  cost  of  $1,250,000.  The  contract  was 
let  by  the  Government  in  1908,  construc¬ 
tion  being  started  in  the  same  year.  The 
lock  is  600  feet  long,  70  feet  wide,  24  feet 
deep  and  overcomes  a  lift  of  five  feet.  It 
is  considered  one  of  the  greatest  engineer¬ 
ing  feats  along  the  great  lakes,  being  big 
enough  to  carry  the  largest  freighter  on 
these  waterways.  There  are  five  pairs  of 
lock  gates,  each  of  a  depth  of  32  feet  and 
a  width  of  37  feet.  The  gates  are  of  steel 
construction,  operated  by  Niagara  Falls 
power. 

The  heaviest  snowfall  in  the  Texas  Pan¬ 
handle  in  seven  years  was  falling  Decem¬ 
ber  19.  Three  feet  of  snow  was  on  the 
ground.  All  Rock  Island  and  Fort  Worth 
and  Denver  trains  were  late.  The  snow 
is  general  and  extends  to  El  Paso,  which 
has  had  its  third  snow  In  two  weeks.  The 
Gila  Valley  of  southern  Arizona  had  the 
first  snow  in  a  decade  or  more.  The 
weather  is  not  extremely  cold  and  wheat 
growers  are  jubilant,  while  stockmen  don’t 
fear  heavy  loss  unless  the  temperature 
drops. 

A  stampede  to  the  head  of  Sixty  Mile 
River,  in  Alaska,  is  in  progress  as  the  re¬ 
sult  of  a  rich  gold  strike  there.  The  news 
was  brought  by  John  Matson,  who  told  of 
getting  two  and  a  half  ounces  of  gold, 
worth  nearly  $40,  from  a  .bed  rock  space 
five  by  eight  feet.  Many  old  prospectors 
have  started  over  the  130-mile  trail  to  the 
new  diggings,  which  are  20  miles  from  the 
Alaskan  boundary.  The  belief  prevails  that 
another  Klondike  has  been  discovered,  and 
Dawson  was  almost  depopulated  December 
18-19.  Fancy  prices  were  paid  for  dogs 


and  outfits  by  stampeders  to  Matson’s  dis¬ 
covery. 

FARM  AND  GARDEN. — The  National 
Wool  Growers’  Association  convention  ad¬ 
journed  at  Omaha,  Neb.,  December  16,  after 
re-electing  the  old  officers,  selecting  Chey¬ 
enne  as  the  meeting  place  next  year  and 
adopting  resolutions  demanding  the  reten¬ 
tion  of  a  protective  tariff  on  wool  and 
pledging  a  fund  of  $20,000  to  $30,000  to 
carry  on  the  fight  to  protect  the  wool  grow¬ 
ers’  interests. 

For  the  first  time  in  its  history  the  Liv¬ 
ingston  Grange,  Caldwell,  N.  .1.,  has  se¬ 
lected  a  woman  as  its  Master.  She  is  Mrs. 
Augusta  Fund,  wife  of  Tax  Collector  Fund. 
Mrs.  Fund  has  a  comprehensive  knowledge 
of  farming. 

The  Pennsylvania  Grangers,  who  con¬ 
cluded  their  State  convention  at  Scranton 
December  16,  have  great  hopes  for  the  suc¬ 
cess  of  the  cooperative  plan  which  was 
adopted  formally  by  the  convention  and 
which  the  executive  committee  now  will 
try  to  put  through.  The  plan  is  said  to  be 
one  of  the  most  ambitious  cooperative  pro¬ 
jects  ever  proposed.  The  State  organiza¬ 
tion,  which  includes  65,000  members,  has 
sanctioned  a  plan  that  contemplates  the 
formation  of  a  central  corporation  under 
the  management  of  the  State  officers,  that 
will  act  as  a  parent  concern  to  subsidiary 
cooperative  corporations  to  be  formed  by 
the  county  Granges.  The  main  body  will 
buy  factory  outputs  of  farm  implements, 
fertilizer  and  other  merchandise  used  on 
the  farm,  thus  getting  the  lowest  possible 
price.  This  merchandise  then  will  be  dis¬ 
tributed  among  the  subsidiary  corporations, 
where  needed,  and  will  be  sold  to  the 
farmer  without  the  various  commissions 
and  profits  of  middlemen  tacked  on.  The 
State  body  also  will  find  for  the  Grange 
members  favorable  markets  for  their  farm 
produce.  In  the  subsidiary  cooperative 
stores  the  same  method  of  merchandising 
will  be  used  on  a  smaller  scale.  To  make 
cooperation  a  success  the  Grangers  are 
seeking  to  interest  the  trades  unions  in 
the  project  and  conferences  already  have 
been  held  by  Grange  leaders  with  officers 
of  organized  labor. 

Plans  for  a  great  agricultural  conven¬ 
tion  to  be  held  in  Albany  from  January  16 
to  19  were  made  December  18  at  a  meeting 
of  representatives  of  the  New  York  State 
Agricultural  Society,  the  New  York  State 
Breeders’  Association  and  95  county  and 
town  fair  societies.  Governor  Dix  is  ex¬ 
pected  to  speak,  and  addresses  also  will  be 
delivered  by  men  from  Massachusetts,  New 
Jersey,  Ohio  and  Canada  and  by  the  may¬ 
ors  of  Des  Moines.  Iowa,  and  Indianapolis, 
regarding  their  efforts  to  reduce  the  cost 
of  food  products  by  bringing  producers  and 
consumers  togethci*.  The_  principal  topic 
to  be  discuss(Ml  will  be  prices  of  food  pro¬ 
ducts.  The  special  topic  of  the  State  Breed¬ 
ers’  Association  meetings  will  be  the  im¬ 
portance  of  livestock  in  New  York  State. 
The  county  and  town  fair  societies  will 
hold  their  business  meetings  as  usual,  and 
in  a  joint  session  with  the  State  Agricul¬ 
tural  Society  will  consider  ways  in  which 
their  exhibits  may  be  made  of  greater  edu¬ 
cational  value.  ’  Experts  from  this  and 
other  States  will  address  them.  The  con¬ 
ference  December  18  was  attended  by  R.  A. 
Pearson,  State  Commissioner  of  Agricul¬ 
ture  ;  Gilbert  M.  Tucker  and  Edwin  II. 
Chapman,  of  Albany ;  George  W.  Sisson, 
Jr.,  of  Potsdam;  A.  E.  Brown,  of  Syracuse; 
F.  \V\  Sessions,  of  Utica ;  T.  B.  Wilson,  of 
Hall;  Edward  Van  Alst.vne.  of  Kinderhook, 
and  A.  Denniston,  of  Washingtonville. 

Last  Winter  about  40  vegetable  growers 
attended  the  Farmers’  Week  meetings  at 
Cornell.  Twenty-seven  of  them,  feeling  that 
much  could  be  gained  by  occasional  meet¬ 
ings  and  by  united  effort  in  many  direc¬ 
tions,  organized  the  New  York  State  Vege¬ 
table  Growers’  Association.  The  youthful 
society  has  been  busy  during  the  year,  and 
the  membership  has  more  than  doubled.  An 
exhibit  along  lines  hitherto  unattempted 
was  made  at  the  State  Fair,  showing  com¬ 
mercial  packs  of  vegetables,  as  distin¬ 
guished  from  displays  of  mere.  specimens. 
This  is  regarded  as  a  mere  beginning  in  a 
Work  that  can  develop  indefinitely.  Com¬ 
mittees  are  now  at  work  gathering  infor¬ 
mation  on  several  topics  of  such  vital  im¬ 
portance  to  producers  as  marketing,  co¬ 
operation.  experiment  station  work,  and 
others.  The  results  of  these  studies  are 
to  be  presented  at  the  second  annual  meet¬ 
ing  of  the  association,  which  will  be  held 
at  Ithaca  February  20  to  22.  At  the  same 
time  a  number  of  successful  practical  men 
from  within  and  without  the  State  are  to 
present  papers  on  vegetable  topics.  _  The 
programme  is  fast  taking  form,  and  will  be 
issued  late  in  January.  For  copies  of  the 
programme,  drop  a  postal  to  Paul  Work, 
secretary,  Ithaca,  New  York. 


NEWS  FROM  ALBANY. 

Amendments  to  tub  Constitution. — 
Lack  of  interest  was  shown  by  the  people 
of  the  State  in  the  questions  calling  for 
amendments  to  the  constitution,  for  the 
total  vote  upon  them  as  compared  with  the 
vote  of  1910,  shows  that  nearly  half  a 
million  voters  simply  disregarded  them. 
But  sufficient  interest  was  displayed  to  de¬ 
feat  the  proposal  to  increase  the  pay  and 
mileage  of  the  legislators  by  151,914  votes. 
A  majority  of  123,664  of  those  voting  evi¬ 
dently  believed  the  Governor  receives 
enough  salary  now.  for  they  refused  to 
sanction  a  proposed  doubling  of  his  pay. 
All  seven  of  the  proposed  amendments 
were  lost,  and  only  the  proposition  provid¬ 
ing  for  barge  canal  terminal  facilities  and 
issuance  of  bonds  not  to  exceed  $19,800,000, 
was  carried,  and  that  only  had  a  majority 
of  4,416  votes. 

Spending  $19.800.000. — The  moment  it 
was  officially  declared  'that  the  proposition 
to  issue  bonds  for  this  amount  to  afford 
barge  canal  facilities  had  been  approved 
by  the  people,  the  State  Engineer  began 
work  on  the  proposition’s  purpose.  Docks, 
storehouses  and  freight  depots  will  be  built 
in  New  York,  Albany,  Syracuse,  Rochester, 
Buffalo  and  the  smaller  towns  and  cities 
along  the  canal.  Engineer  Bensel  declares 
that  in  his  opinion  the  people  of  the  State 
as  a  whole  will  be  benefited  by  the  adop¬ 
tion  of  the  proposition,  as  it  will  serve  to 
build  up  the  commerce  and  manufacturing 
interests.  If  the  barge  canal  is  ever  com¬ 
pleted.  and  there  are  those  who  express 
their  doubts,  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  farmers 
living  along  its  lines  may  be  benefited  by 
some  kind  of  cheaper  transportation  than 
they  at  present  enjoy.  But  if  it  is  true, 
as  has  been  stated,  that  the  New  York  Cen¬ 


tral  is  gradually  acquiring  all  of  the  canal 
boats,  there  is  but  little  hope  of  any  relief 
in  rates. 

The  Law’s  Delays. — Of  course  it  is  too 
much  to  expect  that  the  legal  profession 
will  ever  come  forward  proposing  that  re¬ 
forms  in  procedure  be  enacted  so  that 
justice  may  be  meted  out  promptly  and 
swiftly.  It  would  result  in  a  diminishment, 
many  times,  in  their  fees.  But  there  is 
one  class  of  cases  that  is  constantly  coming 
vup,  which  when  considered  by  the  layman 
always  makes  his  blood  boil — the  delays  in 
the  execution  of  sentences  of  capital  cases, 
especially  where  the  murders  committed 
have  been  of  the  outrageously  brutal  type. 
A  ease  in  point  is  that  of  the  youth, 
Wolter,  who  on  March  24,  1910,  under 

circumstances  peculiarly  atrocious,  mur¬ 
dered  a  girl  of  15  years,  seeking  employ¬ 
ment  as  a  stenographer.  Wolter  was  on 
trial,  adjudged  guilty  and  sentenced  to  die, 
but  by  the  law’s  delays,  under  guidance 
of  a  skillful  lawyer,  the  execution  of  the 
penalty  has  been  put  off  until  some  time 
next  year.  However,  it  is  gratifying  that 
there  is  no  more  doubt  but  that  justice 
will  be  had,  even  after  a  lapse  of  nearly 
two  years,  for  the  Court  of  Appeals  re¬ 
cently  confirmed  the  decision  of  the  lower 
court. 

Schedule  Time. — -Figures  are  nearly 
always  interesting,  but  sometimes  hard  to 
believe.  It  does  seem,  somehow,  that  when 
one  is  in  a  hurry  to  arrive  at  his  destina¬ 
tion  the  particular  train  one  has  ..taken  is 
sure  to  be  late.  Yet  the  figures  just  issued 
by  the  Public  Service  Commission  shows 
that  during  the  month  of  October  84  per 
cent  of  the  63,265  trains  run  came  into 
their  destinations  on  time.  Of  the  16  per 
cent  of  late  trains  it  is  cheerfully  related 
that  the  average  delay  of  each  late  train 
was  23.8  minutes,  and  it  is  consoling  to 
learn  that  the  average  delay  for  each  train 
run  was  only  3.7  minutes. 

New  York  State  Cotton. — State  Com¬ 
missioner  of  Agriculture  Pearson  is  al¬ 
ways  a  source  of  news  to  the  newspaper¬ 
men  at  the  capital.  Recently  he  told  them 
of  two  experiments  in  raising  cotton  in  this 
State,  which  had  proved  moderately  success¬ 
ful.  Wm.  Powley  of  Ransomville,  Niagara 
County,  and  .T.  A.  Findley  of  Montgomery, 
Orange  County,  wore  the  pioneers,  and  in 
both  instances  the  plants  were  started 
under  glass.  The  Commissioner  stated  that 
cotton  can  be  grown  with  profit  on  a  limited 
scale  in  this  State,  but  it  would  ever  be 
necessary  to  start  the  plants  under  glass. 
The  Orange  cotton  is  said  to  have  been 
of  excellent  quality,  being  of  the  long 
staple  kind,  and  worth  20  cents  per  pound 
as  against  about  10  cents  per  pound  of 
the  usual  Southern  variety.  Then  there 
is  the  cotton  seed. 

Oleo  Made  at  Home. — Albanians  and 
Trojans  never  had  the  matter  of  oleomar¬ 
garine  brought  so  closely  to  their  attention 
as  last  week  when  they  read  in  their 
morning  papers  of  the  arrest  in  Troy  of 
Wilson  Eldon,  secretary  and  treasurer  of 
the  American  Stores,  incorporated,  which 
conducts  a  chain  of  six  stores  in  Troy, 
accused  with  having  disposed  of  250.000 
pounds  of  oleomargarine  the  past  year  and 
failing  to  pay  the  tax  of  10  cents  per 
pound  thereon,  amounting  to  $25,000.  It 
is  said  the  internal  revenue  men  have  sus¬ 
pected  .  for  some  time  that  oleomargarine 
was  being  manufactured  in  this  vicinity  and 
that  a  watch  was  kept  on  possible  pro¬ 
ducers.  Of  course  the  oleo  was  tinted  and 
every  resident  of  a.  boarding  house  or 
hotel  and  some  heads  of  families  in  the 
capital  district  are  looking  with  suspicion 
upon  the  “butter”  placed  before  them  these 
days. 

Smallpox  Spare. — The  slight-  outbreak 
of  smallpox  in  Portland  and  Tompkins 
counties  and  the  isolated  case  in  Broome 
County  need  not,  says  the  State  Board  of 
Health,  occasion  any  alarm  of  a  spreading 
of  the  disease. When  notified  of  the  appear¬ 
ance  in  the  southern  tier  of  the  dreaded 
smallpox  the  department  at  once  hurried 
experts  there.  It  was  found  that  the  cases 
wore  of  so  mild  a  nature  that  it  was  diffi¬ 
cult  to  make  diagnoses.  The  usual  steps 
for  isolation  and  vaccination  were  at  once 
taken  and  full  provision  made  against  its 
spread.  Of  course  it  is  always  to  he  feared 
that  even  these  mild  eases  may  take  a  turn 
to  the  old-fashioned  kind,  but  the  State 
has  been  most  watchful  for  many  years 
past  and  it  is  hardly  to  be  expected’ that 
the  disease  will  become  epidemic. 

Civil  Service  Examinations. — In  the 
middle  of  next  month  there  will  be  a  chance 
for  anyone  who  cares  to  try  various  ex¬ 
aminations  for  State  jobs  as  inspectors 
of  gas  meters,  $1,200 ;  assistant  steam  en¬ 
gineer,  over  $600;  elevator  man,  $900; 
foreman  of  weaving  in  State  prisons, 
$1,200 ;  foreman  tinsmith ing,  of  tailoring, 
of  spinning  in  State  prisons.  $1,200 ;  in¬ 
spector  steam  boilers,  $1,200;  matron  at 
Letehworth  Village,  $900  and  maintenance; 
orderly,  watchman,  and  prison  guards,  $000 
and  special  agents  of  public  works  at  $4 
to  $5  per  day ;  stewards  of  State  institu¬ 
tion  for  women,  open  to  women  only, 
$1,200  and  maintenance.  Address  State 
Civil  Service  Commission,  Albany,  for  in¬ 
formation  and  blanks. 

State  to  Sell  Farms. — New  York  State 
owns  some  250  farms  located  in  45  differ¬ 
ent  counties,  the  titles  of  which  passed  to 
the  State  by  reason  of  foreclosure  of 
mortgages  given  for  loans  from  the  United 
States  deposit  fund.  Away  back  about 
1836,  when  the  National  government  was 
not  only  free  from  debt  but  had  a  surplus 
of  cash  receipts  above  expenses,  this  sur¬ 
plus  was  divided  among  the  States  and 
New  York’s  portion  was  in  the  neighborhood 
of  $3,000,000.  The  State  very  wisely  de¬ 
cided  to  devote  the  income  from  this"  sum 
to  purposes  of  education,  and  that  the  peo¬ 
ple  might  have  a  still  further  advantage 
from  the  fund  commissioners  were  ap¬ 
pointed  in  each  county  to  make  loans  upon 
farm  property  and  by  this  means  the 
$3,000,000  was  spread  all  over  the  State. 
The  capital  of  the  fund  to-day.  despite 
many  losses,  is  in  excess  of  $4,000,000  and 
the  income  during  1910  was  $451,344.  But 
as  the  result  of  failure  on  the  part  of 
mortgagees  to  pay  interest  and  principal 
the  State  has  been  compelled  to  foreclose 
in  more  than  250  instances,  and  to-day 
has  these  properties  on  its  hands.  The 
net  income  from  these  State  farms  is  only 
about  $1,750.  although  the  investment  rep¬ 
resents  $337,639  of  the  United  States  de- 
osit  fund’s  moneys.  Comptroller  Sohmer 
has  obtained  the  sanction  of  the  State 
Land  Board  for  the  sale  of  these  farms, 
and  doubtless  they  will  soon,  be  placed  on 
the  market.  c. 


1240 


THE  RURAIj  NEW-YORKER 


December  30, 


Woman  and  the  Home 

From  Day  to  Day. 

THE  DYING  YEAR. 

The  good  Old  Year  hath  run  his  race, 

And  the  latest  hour  draws  near ; 

The  cold  dew  shines  on  his  hoary  face, 
And  he  hobbles  along  with  a  listless  pace 
To  the  lonely  and  snow-covered  resting' 
place 

In  the  Northern  Hemisphere. 

See  how  his  stiff  joints  faint  and  shrink 
As  the  cold  breeze  whistles  by  ; 

He  hath  a  bitter  cup  to  drink 

As  he  watches  the  sand  in  his  hour  glass 

sink. 

Standing  alone  on  the  icy  brink 
Of  the  gulf  of  eternity. 

He  reels — he  slips — no  power  at  hand 
To  check  him  from  tumbling  o'er ; 

The  hour  glass  clicks  with  its  latest  sand, 
And  each  moment  falls  like  the  stroke  of 
a  brand 

Of  one  already  too  weak  to  stand ; 
lie  falls — he  is  seen  no  more. 

And  lo  !  in  the  east  a  star  ascends 
A  nd  a  burst  of  music  comes ; 

A  young  lord,  followed  by  troops  of  friends, 
Down  to  the  broad  equator  wends, 

While  the  star  that  travels  above  him  bends 
O’er  a  sea  of  floating  plumes. 

— Charles  Graham  Halpine. 

* 

As  a  variation  from  fried  mush,  try 
preparing  it  Italian  fashion.  Cut  the 
cold  mush  into  slices,  as  for  frying,  dot 
bits  of  butter  over  it,  sprinkle  it  with 
grated  cheese,  and  bake  until  a  light 
brown.  Serve  grated  cheese  with  it  at 
table. 

* 

A  Christmas  pie  of  noble  propor¬ 
tions  is  the  one  served  at  Howick  Hall, 
Northumberland,  England,  when  Lord 
Grey  spends  the  festival  at  his  ancestral 
home.  The  Howick  Christmas  pie  is 
made  according  to  a  recipe  some  150 
years  old ;  it  is  a  veritable  giant  among 
pies,  being  about  nine  feet  in  circum¬ 
ference,  and  weighing,  it  is  said,  about 
200  pounds.  It  is  fitted  into  a  wooden 
case  upon  four  wheels,  so  that  it  can 
be  wheeled  about  the  table.  According 
to  the  old  recipe,  the  pie  calls  for  sev¬ 
eral  bushels  of  flour,  20  pounds  of  but¬ 
ter,  four  geese,  two  rabbits,  six  wild 
ducks,  six  woodcocks,  a  dozen  snipe, 
three  brace  of  partridges,  two  neats’ 
tongues,  seven  blackbirds,  six  pigeons 
and  six  curlews — certainly  a  noble  dish 
to  set  before  an  earl. 

* 

We  see  some  new  and  expensive  hats 
trimmed  with  crocheted  worsted  flow¬ 
ers,  made  into  wreaths,  the  material  be¬ 
ing  double  zephyr.  Roses  and  camellias 
made  in  this  way  have  a  fine  wire  run 
along  the  edge  of  the  petal,  so  that  it 
can  be  bent  in  any  required  shape.  Small 
red  zephyr  pompons  are  used  on  chil¬ 
dren’s  hats  like  wreaths  of  cherries,  the 
little  pompons  being  mounted  on  wire 
wound  with  brown  zephyr.  These 
worsted  wreaths  always  remind  us  of 
old-fashioned  tidies  and  wool  mats,  and 
it  is  a  slight  surprise  to  meet  them  in 
millinery.  Buckles  and  other  millinery 
ornaments  are  made  of  the  zephyr 
worked  over  a  foundation,  and  worsted 
embroideries  are  used  in  dress  trim¬ 
mings.  Where  one  has  odd  pieces  of 
gimp  or  passementerie  it  is  quite  pos¬ 
sible  to  bring  it  up  to  date  by  working 
in  some  extra  stitches  of  zephyr  and  em¬ 
broidery  silk,  thus  introducing  some  de¬ 
sired  color  with  good  effect. 

* 

Corsage  bouquets  of  artificial' flowers 
come  in  vogue  every  Winter,  and  while 
nothing  equals  nature  in  real  charm, 
these  imitation  blossoms  are  very  beau¬ 
tiful,  and  have  the  advantage  of  per¬ 
manence.  They  are  expensive,  being 
made  up  just  as  a  florist  would  arrange 
the  natural  flowers,  and  tied  with  har¬ 
monizing  ribbon.  A  bunch  of  violets 
costs  from  $1.50  to  $2;  a  combination 
of  violets  with  a  spray  of  tuberoses  in 
the  center  is  $2.95.  Gardenias  cost  from 
45  cents  to  $1.50,  according  to  the  size 
of  the  spray;  an  extra  fine  spray  con¬ 
sisting  of  one  fully  open  flower  and  a 
large  bud,  with  an  abundance  of  leaves, 


was  $1.75.  Orchids  combined  with  lily 
of  the  valley  make  beautiful  corsage 
bouquets,  and  are  more  expensive.  Rib¬ 
bon  flowers  are  also  used  for  the  cor¬ 
sage,  to  pin  on  the  muff,  and  for  hair 
ornaments,  as  well  as  in  millinery.  The 
little  evening  caps  of  lace,  net  or  beaded 
and  tinsel  fabrics  are  often  decorated 
with  slender  wreaths  of  tiny  ribbon 
flowers. 

* 

At  the  country  life  conference  re¬ 
cently  held  in  Seattle,  Wash.,  some  ex¬ 
cellent  things  were  said  about  the 
country  church.  Suggestions  were  made 
as  to  the  methods  by  which  the  rural 
church  could  make  a  stronger  impress 
upon  the  life  of  the  community  and  be¬ 
come  more  helpful  in  its  advancement. 
We  think,  however,  we  do  not  make  our 
best  progress  by  substituting  the  end 
for  the  means.  Solidarity  and  brother¬ 
hood,  an  elevation  of  community  ideals, 
do  not  come  from  turning  the  church 
into  a  social  center,  nor  is  the  country 
pastor  sure  to  meet  the  spiritual  needs  of 
his  people  merely  because  he  has  taken 
a  short  course  in  agriculture.  There  is 
something  beyond  all  this — “the  sub¬ 
stance  of  things  hoped  for,  the  evidence 
of  things  unseen.”  We  are  still  old- 
fashioned  enough  to  think  that  there  is 
a  spiritual  need  underlying  all  the  un¬ 
rest  and  dissatisfaction,  and  that  the 
lack  of  real  grip  in  many  churches  is 
not  so  much  because  the  church  is  be¬ 
hind  the  times  as  because  “the  sheep 
look  up  and  are  not  fed.” 


Christmas  Doings  of  Our  Neighbor¬ 
hood  Club. 

It  is  really  wonderful  how  much  can 
be  accomplished  by  cooperation,  and  our 
Neighborhood  Club  realizing  there  was 
something  needed  outside  of  our  own 
individual  homes,  began  to  discuss 
ways  and  means  of  helping  others.  A 
Christmas  tree  calls  for  pretty  show 
things,  if  given  in  public.  We  had  no 
spare  pennies  for  that.  We  decided  to 
make  a  basket  Christmas  of  it.  Our 
merchant  donated  one  dozen  market 
baskets.  We  housewives  ransacked  our 
garrets  for  cast-off  clothing;  the  best 
parts  of  all  presentable  material  were 
cut  out  of  worn  garments,  washed, 
sponged,  pressed  and  some  dyed.  The 
material  thus  obtained  was  very  good. 
First  there  was  the  Widow  J.,  with  a 
host  of  little  fellows,  shoeless,  hatless 
and  half-clad.  Poor  soul,  she  did  her 
best,  but  bread  was  well  nigh  all  she 
could  keep,  and  that  in  no  very  gener¬ 
ous  quantities.  We  all  met  together 
one  evening  and  made  a  complete  outfit 
for  every  member  of  the  family,  from 
undershirts  cut  down,  to  caps  from  the 
scraps  of  some  old  broadcloth  and  vel¬ 
vet  coats.  For  Mrs.  J.  there  were  two 
whole  suits;  while  not  new,  they  were 
neatly  mended,  clean  and  ready  for  use. 
We  wanted  shoes  but  had  not  the  means 
on  hand  to  purchase  them,  so  we  de¬ 
cided  to  raise  it.  We  divided  the  work, 
and  one  baked  cakes,  another  pies, 
chicken,  etc.,  for  a  supper.  Our  young¬ 
sters  learned  some  new  charades,  reci¬ 
tations,  and  practiced  until  they  consid¬ 
ered  themselves  perfect.  We  gave  out 
the  word  for  a  supper,  music  and  other 
entertainment,  grown  folks  25  cents, 
youngsters  10  cents,  means  to  be  used 
as  the  members  of  the  Neighborhood 
Club  desired.  It  was  a  success  in  every 
respect,  and  our  profits  were  just  even 

$35. 

Ten  dollars  went  to  Mrs.  J.  in  shoes, 
Our  next  was  a  poor  family,  honest  and 
hard-working,  yet  always  living  from 
hand  to  mouth,  the  children  well  nigh 
as  needy  as  the  others.  We  used  the 
better  portion  of  our  odd  stuff  in  fixing- 
up  these,  and  added  shoes  to  their  out¬ 
fit,  which  left  us  with  $12  and  our 
dozen  baskets  full,  with  shoe  boxes  tied 
on  every  side.  The  younger  members 
clamored  to  be  heard  as  to  the  spend¬ 
ing  of  the  last  of  our  treasure.  As 
their  plan  sounded  feasible  we  older 


members  gave  way  to  them.  Each  one 
considered  himself  a  self-appointed 
fairy  to  bring  just  what  was  most  de¬ 
sired  on  Christmas  night,  to  those  who 
were  not  able  to  purchase  for  Santa 
Claus.  Such  quizzing,  prying  and  peek¬ 
ing  around !  Such  an  odd  assortment 
as  the  two  buggies  showed  up  on 
Christmas  night,  with  a  make-up  Santa 
and  black  Dinah  starting  out !  Books, 
pencils,  candy,  apples,  oranges,  dolls, 
gloves,  shawls,  express  wagon,  balls, 
marbles,  horns,  and  for  one  wee  girl 
a  homemade  crib  to  rock  dolly  in.  The 
$12  was  gone,  also  several  large  jars  of 
cookies  and  a  barrel  of  apples.  Yet 
when  our  two  Santas  returned  and  told 
us,  sometimes  with  laughter,  and  again 
with  tears  “they  were  ashamed  of,”  how 
our  efforts  were  received,  we  felt  amply 
repaid  for  all  our  labors.  MRS.  D.  B.  P. 


Another  Dumb  Waiter. 

In  a  recent  issue  some  one  asked  for 
plans  for  a  dumb  waiter.  The  accom¬ 
panying  crude  drawing,  Fig.  506,  which, 

O 


A  SIMPLE  DUMB  WAITER.  Fig.  506. 

by  the  way,  is  not  drawn  to  a  scale  nor 
in  exact  proportion,  will  serve  to  illus¬ 
trate  how  our  sliding  cupboard  from 
cellar  to  dining  room  is  constructed.  We 
put  this  in  10  years  ago  at  a  cost  of 
about  seven  dollars,  and  it  has  proved 
to  be  the  most  satisfactory  investment 
which  we  ever  made.  It  comes  up  close 
to  the  dining  table  so  that  articles  of 
food  can  be  handed  from  the  shelves  di¬ 
rectly  to  the  table,  or  back  again  after 
the  meal  is  over.  The  cupboard  itself 
is  made  of  well-seasoned  soft  pine  lum¬ 
ber,  one  inch  thick.  The  top  board, 
where  the  lifting  ring  is  attached,  is  the 
upper  flooring,  which  was  carefully 
sawed  out  to  make  the  opening  through 
the  floor,  the  lining  being  left  to  project 
about  an  inch  (as  shown  at  “1”)  to 
form  a  jamb  when  the  cupboard  is 
shoved  down  level  with  the  floor.  The 
cupboard  slides  in  four  corner  pieces 
fc  c)  made  of  inch  strips  nailed  to¬ 
gether  at  right  angles.  A  wire  screen  is 
tacked  across  the  back  of  this  frame 
and  a  screen  door  hung  on  the  front 
side.  The  two  sides  of  the  cupboard 
(s  s)  are  of  course  tight,  so  when  it  is 
in  position  jn  the  cellar  the  screens  at 
front  and  back  form  a  perfect  protec¬ 
tion  against  flies  and  mice.  Ten-inch 
pulleys  are  used  (small  pulleys  work 
too  hard)  and  are  attached  to  the  floor 
joints  by  set  screws.  The  weights  must 
be  heavy  enough  merely  to  lift  the  cup¬ 
board  when  it  is  well  loaded.  If  too 
heavy  the  cupboard  will  come  up  too 
swiftly,  especially  if  the  load  is  light, 
and  will  be  hard  to  push  down  again. 
The  ropes  are  attached  at  the  bottom  of 
the  waiter,  so  that  the  two  lower  shelves 
cannot  be  raised  to  the  level  of  the 
floor.  We  keep  a  few  bricks  in  the  bot¬ 
tom  (b)  to  act  as  ballast  when  our  pro¬ 
visions  are  low.  All  things  considered, 
I  think  our  dumb  waiter  is  more  satis¬ 
factory  than  one  which  could  talk. 

c.  s.  M. 

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YEARLY  RAINES LL  <45  INCHES 


1911. 


THE  RURAI^  NEW-YORKER 


1241 


Charity  Sweetheart’s  Letter. 

For  the  last  two  years,  since  I  saw 
some  at  a  neighbor’s,  our  principal 
decoration  for  the  living  room  at 
Christmas  has  been  the  “Chinese  lan¬ 
tern”  plant  (Physalis  Francheti).  It  is 
a  perennial  and  a  rather  insignificant 
blossom,  but  develops  its  lanterns  or 
fruit  pods  like  husk  tomatoes  in  the 
Fall,  only  they  are  orange  red,  and  can 
be  taken  off  when  ready  and  dried  for 
decoration.  We  mix  them  with  pine 
branches,  and  our  living  room  is  very 
much  admired,  for  people  generally  like 
things  pretty,  though  they  do  not  take 
the  trouble  always  to  get  them.  I  put 
my  lanterns  away  last  January  and 
they  came  out  as  fresh  as  ever  as  re¬ 
gards  color,  though  a  little  frail  in 
texture  and  more  brittle  of  stem.  We 
have  some  barberries  that  retain  their 
red  fruit  and  make  a  variety  in  their 
corner,  and  after  all  there  is  nothing 
like  looking  forward  and  trying  to 
“make  things  pleasant  in  one  little 
place,”  as  our  dear  Mrs.  Whitney  wrote 
years  ago  in  one  of  her  books.  As  we 
grows  older  Christmas  means  a  sad  as¬ 
pect  to  many  of  us,  for  we  think  of 
time’s  changes,  and  the  swift  passing 
of  years,  but  we  recognize  it  as  God’s 
plan,  and  can  only  make  the  best  of  life 
as  it  is  before  us.  This  is  where  we 
fail — at  least  I  do,  for  I  am  apt  to 
slide  along,  with  the  thought  that  I  will 
do  better  and  enjoy  more  as  I  go  along, 
and  yet  the  time  does  not  come  when 
“Our  cares  will  leave  us  time  for  rest.” 
I  thought  of  all  this  the  other  day  when 
I  went  down  to  see  Aunt  Langly,  whose 
husband  has  been  lame  for  many  years, 
since  he  fell  and  dislocated  his  hip,  and 
it  was  never  set  properly,  but  left  him 
a  sufferer  for  life.  But  their  garden 
was  a  lesson  in  patient  perseverance, 
for  it  was  all  neatly  cleared  up,  and 
every  currant  and  gooseberry  bush  tied 
up  after  being  pruned  and  cared  for. 
This  is  the  reason  that  Uncle  Langly’s 
•  gooseberries  are  so  well  known  as  su¬ 
perior  in  size  and  flavor,  and  his  vege¬ 
tables  so  fine.  As  he  walked  about  with 
crutch  and  stick  it  made  me  feel 
ashamed  of  myself,  that  these  simple 
duties  in  life  should  ever  be  felt  a  hard¬ 
ship  when  one  has  health  and  all  the 
bones  in  good  working  order.  This 
view  of  the  world’s  work  was  in  mind 
when  “Theo,”  who  is  spelling  big  words 
in  her  reader,  asked  what  was  the 
meaning  of  “optimist”  and  “pessimist,” 
and  I  told  her  that  I  had  lately  read 
a  definition  that  the  first  sees  the  dough¬ 
nut — and  the  second  only  sees  the  hole. 
She  looked  puzzled,  and  I  had  to  ex¬ 
plain  that  it  need  not  be  a  doughnut, 
but  that  some  people  saw  good  in  every¬ 
thing,  and  others  only  saw  what  was 
lacking.  “I  want  the  doughnut,  Auntie, 
when  you  make  them,”  she  answered 
with  a  pretty  smile. 

Aunt  Langly  had  the  nicest  tomato 
soup  I  had  ever  tasted  and  I  asked  for 
the  recipe.  She  said  that  she  put  a 
couple  of  spoonfuls  of  powdered  bar¬ 
ley  into  the  tomatoes  when  they  began 
to  boil,  and  added  a  bit  of  parsley  and 
celery  and  an  onion.  After  boiling  for 
15  minutes  it  was  strained  through  a 
sieve,  and  then  could  stay  simmering  on 
the  back  of  the  stove  till  wanted.  She 
asked  me  if  I  knew  that  if  you  peeled 
your  onion  from  the  root  upward  it 
would  not  make  the  tears  come,  and  I 
have  tried  it  since  with  partial  success. 

We  have  a  quantity  of  sweet  apples 
from  an  old  tree  in  the  garden,  and  I 
have  only  this  Fall  realized  how  good 
they  are  baked  with  a  little  doctoring, 
though  it  is  like  painting  the  lily.  As 
an  experiment  one  day  when  there  were 
some  half-filled  glasses  of  jelly  and  jam 
in  the  pantry,  I  cored  some  Talman 
Sweets  and  filled  the  place  with  jam  or 
jelly,  and  there  was  a  passing  of  plates 
for  more  when  they  were  baked.  An¬ 
other  day  the  centers  were  filled  with  a 
bit  of  butter  and  brown  sugar,  and  it 
was  pronounced  “delicious.” 

The  house  plants  are  beginning  their 
old  trick  of  dropping  leaves,  caused  by 
the  change  of  temperature,  and  I  found 
those  kept  coolest  look  the  best.  There 
are  little  oranges  on  my  dwarf  orange 
tree,  and  they  seem  to  agree  with  life 
in  the  shed  so  far,  but  will  soon  have 
to  come  to  the  window.  I  bought  some 
bulbs  with  pocket  money  just  as  an  ex¬ 
periment,  and  expect  to  have  Roman 
hyacinths  and  Paper  White  Narcissus 
flowers  ready  to  sell  by  New  Year. 
They  are  in  long  shallow  boxes,  and 
were  planted  in  October,  and  put  in 
the  cellar  for  a  month.  Some  of  them 
will  be  gifts  to  those  who  have  none, 
and  they  will  do  double  duty,  for  I  shall 
enjoy  seeing  them  opening  their  buds, 
and  so  they  will  bless,  like  mercy,  “him 
that  gives  and  him  that  takes.” 

CHARITY  SWEETHEART. 


The  Rural  Patterns. 

When  ordering  patterns  always  give 
number  of  pattern  and  measurement  de¬ 
sired. 

The  first  group  shows  7216,  peasant 
blouse  with  sleeves  seamed  in.  The  pat¬ 
tern  is  cut  in  sizes  from  34  to  42  inches 
bust  measure.  For  the  medium  size  will 
be  required  2  yards  36  inches  wide,  w?th 
54  yard  of  velvet,  1  yard  18  inches  wide 
for  chemisette.  No.  7229  is  cut  in  size 
for  girls  from  8  to  12  years  of  age. 
For  the  10  year  size  will  be  required  3 
yards  of  material  36  inches  wide  with 
5/4  yards  of  lace  4  inches  wide,  3 
yards  6  inches  wide  and  8)4  yards  of 
insertion'  to  trim.  The  tunic,  No.  7221, 


is  cut  in  sizes  from  34  to  40  inches 
bust  measure.  For  the  medium  size  will 
be  required  2)4  yards  of  material  36 
inches  wide  with  4  yards  of  all-over 
lace  18  inches  wide  for  the  blouse  and 
trimming,  1  yard  of  chiffon  for  the 
drapery  and  5  yards  of  ribbon  for  sash. 
The  child’s  coat,  No.  7219,  is  cut  in 
sizes  from  4  to  8  years.  For  the  6  year 
size  will  be  required  2 )4  yards  36  inches 
wide  with  %  yards  for  collar,  cuffs  and 
shield.  The  circular  skirt  that  is  dart 
fitted  over  the  hips  and  of  moderate 
width  is  a  favorite  one.  The  pattern, 
No.  7215,  is  cut  in  sizes  from  22  to  30 
inch  waist  measure.  For  the  medium 
size  will  be  required  4)4  yards  36  inches 
wide.  Price  of  each  pattern  10  cents. 

The  second  group  includes  blouse,  No. 
7234,  cut  in  sizes  from  34  to  40  inches 
bust  measure.  For  the  medium  size  will 
be  required  2)4  yards  36  inches  wide 
with  1 54  yard  27  inches  wide  for  guimpe 
and  1 J4  yard  of  all-over  lace  18  inches 
wide  for  the  facings  and  under-sleeves. 
Two  materials  are  used  in  the  little 
girls’  dress,  No.  7234.  It  is  cut  in  sizes 
from  10  to  14  years  of  age.  For  the  12- 
year  size  will  be  requird  2  yards  of 


plain  material  27  inches  wide,  with  2)4 
yards  of  plaid  material  36  inches  wide. 
No.  7213  is  cut  in  sizes  from  14  to  18 
years.  For  the  16-year  size  will  be  re¬ 
quired  4)4  yards  of  material  36  inches 
wide,  with  2  yards  18  inches  wide  for 
the  trimming  portions,  %  yard  or  ruf¬ 
fling  for  the  sleeves,  1)4  yard  18  inches 
wide  for  yoke  and  under-sleeves.  The 
skirt,  No.  7238,  is  cut  in  sizes  from  22 
to  30  inch  waist,  and  for  the  medium 
size  will  be  required  3J4  yards  of  ma¬ 
terial  36  inches  wide.  The  middy  suit, 
No.  7244,  is  cut  in  sizes  for  boys  from 


4  .to  8  years  of  age.  For  the  •  6-year 
size  will-  be  required  2)4  yards  36 
inches  wide  with  )4  yard  27  inches  wide 
for  collar  and  sleeve  trimming.  Price 
of  each  pattern  10  cents. 


Salt-Rising  Bread. 

Will  you  give  minute  directions  for  mak¬ 
ing  salt?  rising  bread  in  The  K.  N.-Y.? 

H.  S.  J. 

Dissolve  a  half  teaspoonful  of  salt  in 
two  cups  of  scalding  water,  and  beat  in 
gradually  enough  flour  to  make  a  very 
soft  dough.  Beat  for  10  minutes,  cover 
and  set  in  a  very  warm  place  for  eight 
hours.  Now  stir  a  teaspoonful  of  salt 
into  a  pint  of  lukewarm  milk  and  add 
enough  flour  to  make  a  stiff  batter  be¬ 
fore  working  it  into  the  risen  dough. 
Mix  thoroughly,  cover  and  set  again  in 
a  warm  place  to  rise  until  very  light. 
Turn  into  a  wooden  bowl  and  knead  in 
enough  flour  to  make  the  batter  of  the 
consistency  of  ordinary  bread  dough. 
Make  into  loaves  and  set  these  to  rise, 
and  when  light,  bake.  When  baking 
the  bread  gives  off  a  peculiar  sour  odor, 
due  no  doubt  to  a  special  fermentation, 
but  there  is  no  trace  of  this  in  the  bread 
when  cooked.  People  accustomed  to 
salt-rising  bread  always  prefer  it  t,o  any 
other  kind.  Some  recipes  add  a  table¬ 
spoonful  of  cornmeal  to  the  flour  used 
in  making  the  yeast. 


Autumn  Leaves. 

I  notice  inquiry  and  directions  in  R. 
N.-Y.  regarding  the  preservation  of 
Autumn  leaves.  When  I  was  a  little  girl 
in  the  State  of  Maine  we  used,  after  the 
first  frosts,  to  gather  branches  of  bright¬ 
ly  colored  leaves,  preferably  maple,  and 
without  any  preliminary  pressing  and 
without  removing  the  leaves  from  the 
branches,  we  sprinkled  each  leaf  with 
rosin,  finely  powdered,  and  rubbed  it 
over  with  a  flatiron  just  hot  enough  to 
melt  the.  rosin.  The  result  was  very 
satisfactory,  the  leaves  keeping  their 
color  and  shape  admirably  through  the 
Winter.  We  used,  also,  to  gather  the 
large  fronds  of  the  wild  ferns  that  the 
neighbors  called  “brakes”  after  the  early 
frosts  had  turned  their  green  to  a  creamy 
white.  These  we  pressed  between  the 
leaves  of  our  big  school  geographies 
and  they  made  a  pretty  addition  to 
our  home  Christmas  decorations. 

LOUISE  PRINCE  FREEMAN. 


ARE  YOU 
DRIFTING 


into  the  crowd  of  weak, 
weary,  depressed;  or  are 
you  filled  with  vitality  and 
energy? 

Health  is  the  founda¬ 
tion  of  success. 

Nerves,  Brain,  and 
Body  should  be  staunch — 
dependable. 

Scott’s  Emulsion 

the  best  of  food-tonics,  is 
the  firm  footing  for  health. 

ALL  DRUGGISTS  -i.tv 


Direct  from  Factory,  Freight  Prepaid 
and  Guaranteed  by  the  Manufacturer 

You  can  buy  a  Gold  Coin  Stove  from  us  #5  to 
0*20  less  than  dealer’s 
prices.  We  pay  freight; 
safe  delivery  insured, 
polished  and  all  ready 
to  set  up. 

“Satisfaction  or  your 
money  back  any  time 
within  1  year” 
is  our  written 
guaranty. 

Free  Cntnloc 
—I  llus  t  rates 
all  our  Stoves. 
Gives  Price 
List  and  tells  our 
Plan  and  Offer. 
Send  for  it.  (s 

Gold  Coin  Stove  Co. 

3  Oak  St.  Troy,  N.  Y. 


mm 


Cheapest  and  best  light  for  homesi 
stores,  factories,  churches  and  pul  lie  halls. 
Makes  and  burns  its  ow  n  gas.  Brighter  than 
electricitv  oracetylene.  Cheaper  than  kero¬ 
sene.  Over  200  styles.  Agents  wanted. 
Write  for  catalogue.  ^ 

THE  BEST  FLIGHT  CO. 
401  E.  5th  St, Canton,  O, 


Select 

Company 

It’s  the  very  nature  of  a  soda 
cracker  to  absorb  moisture  and 
foreign  odors.  N 

That’s  why  the  ordinary  soda  cracker 


remained  so  long  in  obscurity. 

The  advent  of  Uneeda  Biscuit  and  the  moisture 
proof  and  odor-repelling  package  changed 
all  this— for  Uneeda  Biscuit,  the  perfect  ^ 
soda  cracker,  keeps  select  company 
— its  own. 

To-day  the  goodness,  the  li 

freshness  and  body-build- 
ing  virtues  of  Uneeda 


Biscuit  are  acclaimed 
in  tenement  and 
mansion.  ^ 


Never  Sold 
in  Bulk 


In  the  moisture-proof 
8JJJ  package 


NATIONAL  BISCUIT  COMPANY 


1242 

Live  Stock  and  Dairy 

A  PROBLEM  FOR  BREEDERS. 

Will  you  give  us  your  opinion  regarding 
the  following  actual  case?  A  farmer,  evi¬ 
dently  a  poor  man,  purchased  a  breeding 
animal  from  a  breeder.  He  made  a  small 
payment  and  promised  to  take  the  animal 
when  it  had  reached  a  certain  age.  When 
this  time  came  he  claimed  to  be  unable  to 
pay  for  it,  but  arranged  with  the  breeder 
to  keep  it  for  a  time  until  he  could  raise 
the  money.  This  breeder  kept  the  animal, 
although  he  had  a  chance  to  dispose  of  it 
at  a  fair  price.  One  morning  the  animal 
was  found  dead,  through  no  fault  of  the 
breeder’s.  The  question  now  is  who  should 
stand  the  loss  of  this  animal,  under  these 
circumstances?  Very  likely  cases  of  this 
sort  are  not  infrequent.  What  would  you 
do  in  such  a  case? 

If  I  had  been  the  buyer  of  the  animal 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


point.  There  was  a  bona  fide  sale,  ac¬ 
knowledged  by  the  purchaser  by  his  de¬ 
posit.  There  seems  to  have  been  no  un¬ 
derstanding  that  the  animal  was  to  be 
kept  at  the  purchaser’s  risk.  Again,  it 
is  fair  to  assume  that  the  seller  gave  the 
animal  the  same  care  he  would  have 
given  had  he  still  owned  him.  The  fact 
that  he  had  another  chance  to  dispose  of 
the  animal  cuts  no  figure  unless  he 
could  have  delivered  him  at  once.  Sup¬ 
posing  the  seller  had  availed  himself  of 
the  other  opportunity  and  had  disposed 
of  the  animal,  returning  the  deposit, 
what  position  would  the  first  purchaser 
take?  Wouldn't  he  be  pretty  sure  to  be 
damaged  and  want  redress?  Were  it  a 
personal  matter,  I  think  I  would  meet 
the  purchaser  half  way,  asking  him  to 
pay  half  the  purchase  price  and  I  stand 
half  the  loss.  The  trouble  is,  that  such 
. . .  deals  are  made  in  a  loose  manner, 

in  question,  I  should  have  acknowledged  neith<T  seJler  nor  purchaser  thinking  that 

a  misunderstanding  may  arise.  My 


my  responsibility.  Had  I  been  the  seller 
I  should  probably  have  told  the  buyer 
that  while  under  no  obligation  to  do 
so,  I  would  be  willing  to  share  the  loss 
to  the  extent  of  one-half.  This  is  un¬ 
der  the  assumption  that  the  buyer  is  a 
poor  man.  If  a  man  of  means,  I  would 
consider  sentiment  uncalled  for. 

New  Jersey.  j.  l.  hope. 

The  contract  between  the  vendor  and 
the  vendee  being  complete  the  animal 
became  the  property  of  the  vendee,  his 
right  to  possession  being  enforceable. 
The  animal  remained  in  the  possession 
of  the  vendor  at  the  request  of  the  ven¬ 
dee,  and,  unless  it  died  by  reason  of 
some  fault  of  the  vendor  while  in  his 
possession,  the  liability  for  payment  of 
the  full  contract  price  would  fall  on  the 
vendee.  This,  I  think,  the  legal  prop¬ 
osition.  Practically,  however,  the  death 
of  the  animal  having  taken  place,  and 
not  by  the  fault  of  either  party,  I  think 
a  compromise  at  one-half  or  two-thirds 
of  the  price  would  be  the  most  sensible 
and  least  troublesome  way  out  of  it;  or, 
if  the  vendor  can  furnish  another  an¬ 
imal  of  equal  merit  Vith  the  one  which 
died,  I  would  suggest  a  substitution,  to 
be  agreed  upon  by  both  parties. 

Pennsylvania.  c.  E.  staiile. 

Yes,  these  cases  come  up  occasionally, 
and  I  can  only  say  in  regard  to  this  that 
when  the  purchaser  agreed  on  the  price 
of  this  animal  and  made  a  payment  on 
it  the  animal  to  all  intents  was  his.  Had 
the  seller  been  offered  25  per  cent  more 
for  this  animal  he  could  not  have  sold 
it,  because  it  did  not  belong  to  him,  and 
in  this  case  I  would  say  that  the  pur¬ 
chaser  was  indebted  to  the  seller  for  the 
whole  amount  of  the  animal.  Now,  of 
course,  in  an  arrangement  like  this  it 
sometimes  becomes  a  personal  matter 
where  the  seller  would  like  to  help  out 
some,  and  in  that  case  if  he  so  desired 
he  could  pay  a  part  of  the  loss,  but 
from  a  business  standpoint,  in  my  esti¬ 
mation,  the  purchaser  is  indebted  to  the 
seller  for  the  whole  amount  of  the  pur¬ 
chase  price  of  the  animal. 

New  Jersey.  a.  a.  cortelyou. 

There  is  no  doubt  at  all  in  my  mind 
that  the  purchaser  and  party  who  paid 
part  of  the  money  on  the  animal  with 
the  request  it  be  held  a  certain  time, 
was  the  owner  of  the  animal  at  the 
time  it  died,  and,  of  course,  that  makes 
him  liable  for  the  balance  of  the  pur¬ 
chase  money,  as  the  transaction  de¬ 
barred  the  other  party  from  disposing 
of  the  animal  at  any  time  after  the  first 
purchase.  If  this  were  a  case  of  my 
own,  I  would  be  willing  to  compromise 
the  matter,  as  I  have  always  found,  in 
my  50  years’  experience,  it  is  a  great 
deal  better  to  satisfy  a  customer  than 
to  undertake  to  fight  him. 

Pennsylvania.  edward  Walter. 

I  have  never  had  such  an  experience 
as  you  mention.  As  a  seller,  my  settle¬ 
ment  of  such  a  matter  would  depend 
very  much  on  the  financial  condition  of 
the  purchaser  and  his  willingness  to  do 
the  fair  thing,  there  seeming  to  be  a 
difference  between  these  parties  on  this 


opinion  is  that  the’  seller  has  the  strong¬ 
est  case ;  however,  I  would  never  resort 
to  law  in  such  a  matter. 

New  York.  e.  w.  mosher. 

I  do  not  think  on  the  facts  stated  that 
the  seller  has  any  claim  against  the 
buyer.  If  A  purchases  an  animal  from 
B,  to  be  delivered  at  a  future  time,  and 
the  animal  dies  before  the  date  fixed 
for  delivery  the  loss  is  B’s  and  not  A’s. 
B  being  unable  to  fulfill  his  part  of  the 
contract  by  the  delivery  of  the  animal 
contracted  to  be  sold  has  no  claim  what¬ 
ever  against  A  for  the  balance  of  the 
purchase  price  but  should  return  to  A 
the  amount  paid  thereon.  I  do  not  see 
how  the  fact  that  at  the  time  fixed  in 
the  original  agreement  for  delivery  A 
was  unable  to  pay,  and  at  his  request 
B  consented  to  extend  the  time  of  pay¬ 
ment  and  delivery  affects  the  rights  of 
the  parties.  If  at  the  time  fixed  for 
the  delivery  B  had  elected  to  call  the 
deal  off  by  reason  of  A  failing  to  per¬ 
form  on  his  part,  he  could  of  course 
have  done  so  and  sold  the  animal  to 
some  one  else  or  made  any  disposition 
of  it  he  pleased,  and  A  would  have  been 
liable  to  him  for  the  damage  resulting, 
if  any.  But  instead  of  doing  this  he  ex¬ 
tended  the  time  within  which  A  might 
perform  his  part  of  the  contract.  That 
this  was  done  at  the  request  of  the  pur¬ 
chaser  makes  no  difference.  Under  the 
contract  as  modified  the  purchaser  was 
not  legally  in  default.  Both  parties 
seem  to  have  treated  the  contract  as  in 
force,  and  now,  without  fault  cn  his 
part,  B  is  not  in  a  position  to  perform 
by  reason  of  the  death  of  the  animal. 
That  the  breeder  had  an  opportunity  of 
selling  the  animal  to  another  party  does 
not  affect  the  question  at  all.  In  this 
particular  case  it  may  seem  like  a  hard¬ 
ship  on  the  breeder,  but  the  establish¬ 
ment  of  any  different  rule  would  in  the 
long  run  be  more  likely  to  work  injus¬ 
tice  to  the  purchaser  in  many  cases. 

New  York.  calvin'  j.  huson. 


SHALL  IT  BE  HENS  OR  SHEEP? 

Part  II. 

And  what  about  sheep?  I  started  in 
much  as  you  think  of  doing;  by  read¬ 
ing,  studying  and  taking  a.  fancy  to 
them.  I  believe  Wing’s  “Sheep  Farm¬ 
ing  in  America”  and  one  or  two  timely 
articles  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  helped  me  as 
much  as  anything.  And  now  after  three 
years  of  “trying  out,”  I  am  just  getting 
to  the  early  lamb  stage  and  to  the  point 
where  I  hope  to  make  a  little  something 
off  them.  During  this  time  I  have 
learned  a  good  deal  about  them,  have 
got  some  fields  on  my  place  pretty  well 
cleaned  of  weeds  and  manured  with 
their  help,  and  have  quite  a  decent  flock 
of  Dorset  grades  to  bank  on.  Now,  I 
am  ready  to  try  a  few  purebreds  and 
go  to  the  expense  of  the  housing  and 
care  needed  for  early  lambs.  The  sheep, 
like  the  hens,  have  come  to  stay.  I 
think  that  though  very  slow,  my  way 
of  starting  is  proving  the  safest  and 
soundest  in  building  up  an  early  lamb 
flock.  Uncertain  crops,  poor  land,  and 
the  disastrous  droughts  of  the  past 
three  years  have  made  progress  diffi¬ 
cult.  I  started  with  20  ewes  in  the  Fall 
of  1908,  paid  $7.25  apiece,  and  thought 
I  was  getting  the  pick  of  a  large  bunch. 
To-day,  three  years  later,  I  have 
just  four  of  the  original  lot  that  are  fit 
to  winter.  The  remaining  30  are  all 
ewes  of  my  raising  and  selection,  mostly 
grade  Dorsets,  excepting  four  yearling 
Shropshires.  My  first  year’s  lambs 
were  sired  by  unknown  rams,  and  I  got 
four  or ‘five  fine  animals  out  of  the  lot 
to  keep.  I  have  made  it  a  practice  to 
sell  only  ram  lambs  until  I  could  pick 
the  ewes.  An  epidemic  of  foot  rot 
lasting  over  18  months  put  my  flock  in 
bad  shape  and  I  lost  several  indirectly 


from  their  resulting  poor  condition.  By 
the  second  Winter  I  had  only  11  ewes, 
and  bred  them  to  a  Dorset  ram.  These 
gave  me  eight  fine  ewe  lambs,  my  first 
real  material  for  producing  early  lambs, 
and  this  year  past  I  have  added  10 
more.  Ewe  lambs  have  been  largely  in 
the  majority  every  year,  so  that  I  have 
had  few  lambs  to  sell  for  meat.  The 
first  year  the  foot  rot  spoiled  most  of 
them,  the  second  year  we  had  so  few 
and  late  that  we  kept  them  to  kill  for 
ourselves,  the  third  year  nearly  all  the 
rams  were  dropped  by  young  ewes — 
“first  lambs,”  and  were  harder  to  get 
size  to.  None  has  been  dropped  early 
enough  for  high  prices  as  yet.  The  fol¬ 
lowing  statement  shows  what  cash  re¬ 
turns  have  been.  A  number  of  ewes 
were  killed  for  meat  that  are  not  ac¬ 
counted  for;  we  find  home  the  best 
market  for  them. 

1911.  5  lambs,  180  lbs.,  11c . $19.80 

72  lbs.  wool,  at  29c .  20.88 

Total  . $33.79 

1910.  5  lambs  (killed  for  home  use) 

at  $3.00  .  15.00 

88  lbs.  wool,  at  22c .  19.36 

Total  . $34.36 

1911.  5  lambs,  180  lbs.,  11c . $19.80 

1  lamb,  32  lbs,  7c .  2.30 

3  lambs,  151  lbs.,  6c .  9.06 

170  lbs.  wool,  at  18c . 30.00 

Total  . $61.76 

Now,  looking  forward  to  the  land  for 
a  living,  you  have  my  viewpoint  and 
some  of  my  experience  with  sheep  and 
hens  to  think  over.  I  believe  both 
would  prove  good  investments.  That  I 
have  not  made  a  fortune  out  of  them 
yet  is  plainly  my  own  fault.  I  had  to 
have  experience,  to  realize  just  what 
“eternal  vigilance  and  constant  applica¬ 
tion”  mean,  and  to  learn  what  I  really 
liked.  If  you  want  country  life  and 
are  willing  to  pay  the  price,  I  say  go 
ahead  with  all  my  heart.  Glad  to  have 
you  along!  If  you  are  after  country 
life  and  profits  in  a  hurry,  too,  stay 
where  you  are  and  keep  on  reading 
about  them ;  it’s  safer.  If  not,  put  your 
money  into  a  little  place  near  a  city  as 
possible,  start  with  a  hundred  hens, 
live  with  them  this  Winter,  raise  what 
you  need  next  Spring,  and  don’t  build 
any  permanent  houses  until  you  know 
just  what  suits  your  conditions.  Then, 
next  Summer,  get  a  few  sheep,  and  a 
good  Dorset  ram  and  get  acquainted 
with  them  when  the  chickens  can  spare 
you.  Later  sit  up  a  couple  of  Winter 
nights  nursing  an  ailing  lamb  through 
the  bulb  of  a  medicine  dropper,  and 
think  it  over.  Maybe  you  won’t  want 
to  go  on  with  them;  I  think  you  will. 
Luck  to  you !  reuben  brigham. 

Maryland. 


December  30, 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Tub 
K.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


RHElD! 


i 


BLOOD 

TONICS 


Ask 
your 
dealer 
for 
them 


Full 
Milk 
Pails 

Keep  Your  Animals 
In  Proper  Condition 

The  only  way  you  can  save  feed  and 
increase  the  producing  jrowers  o£ 
your  cows,  horses,  sheep  and  hogs  is 
by  perfecting  their  digestion  and 
purifying  their  blood.  Don’t  make  the 
mistake  of  using  an  old  style  “All-in. 
One”  conditioner.  Use 

Blood 

_  Tonics 

an  individual  preparation  for  each  kind 
of  animal.  Blood  Tonic  for  horses  only. 
Milk  Producer  for  cattle  only.  Egg 
Producer  for  Poultry  only.  Blood  Tonic 
for  hogs  only.  Each  preparation  is 
scientifically  compounded  to 
meet  the  individual  require¬ 
ments  of  each  kind  of  animal. 
These*1.00  Books  FREE.  The  in¬ 
formation  contained  in  these 
books  is  valuable  to 
-.every  farmer— FREE  if 
[/you  send  name  of  dealer. 
FAIRFIELD  MFG.  CO. 


Fairfield's 


605  S.  Delaware  Ave. 


FrH? 


Philadelphia, 

I'enusjlvanla. 


I  Dealers  write 
I — good  prop¬ 
osition- 
easy  sales 


. . .  FOSTER  STEEL  . .  . 

STAlWCHIOPtlS 

Increase  Your  Dairy  Profit 
Makes  cows  comfortable.  Save  time 
in  stabling  and  cleaning.  Easy  to 
operate;  cow  proof;  sanitary; 
strong,  and  durable. 

Write  for  our  prices  and  illus¬ 
trated  catalog  before  buying. 
FOSTER  STEEL  STANCHION  CO. 
i>0(>  insurance  itldg.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


EXCELSIOR  SWING  STANCHION 

Warranted  The  Best.  30  Days’  Trial 
Unlike  all  others.  Stationary  when  open 
Noiseless  Simplb  Sanitary  Durable 

The  Wasson  Stanchion  Co., 
Box  60,  Cuba,  N.  Y. 


P  ROBERTSON’S  CHAT  X 
L  HANGING  STANCHIONS 
u I  have  ti8(*d  them  for  more 
tlmn  TWENTY  YEARS,  and  they 
have  given  the  very  bent  or  satin- 
faction  in  every  way,”  writes 
Justus  H.  Cooley,  M.D.,  Plainfield 
Saul  tar  him,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

Thirty  days*  trial  on  application 
O.  II.  R0BERT80X 
Wash.  St.,  Foreatville,  Conn. 


Now  Is  the  Time  to  Buy  and 
Start  the  New  Year  Right 

There  is  no  good  reason  to  defer  the  purchase  of  a  DE  LAVAL 
cream  separator  until  Spring.  On  the  contrary  you  may  buy  one 
now  and  save  half  its  cost  meanwhile.  Moreover,  if  you  can’t 
conveniently  pay  cash  you  can  buy  a  DE  LAVAL  machine  on 
such  liberal  terms  that  it  will  actually  pay  for  itself. 

As  to  YOUR  need  of  a  centrifugal  separator,  if  you  have  the 
milk  of  even  a  single  cow  to  cream  you  are  wasting  quantity  and 
quality  of  product  every  day  you  go  without  one.  This  waste 
is  usually  greatest  with  cold  weather  and  cows  old  in  lactation, 
and  it  counts  most,  of  course,  when  butter  prices  are  high. 
Then  there  is  always  the  sweet  skimmilk  and  saving  of  time  and 
labor  in  addition. 

When  it  comes  to  a  choice  of  separators  DE  LAVAL  supe¬ 
riority  is  now  universally  recognized.  Those  who  “know”  buy 
the  DE  -LAVAL  to  begin  with.  Those  who  don’t  replace  their 
other  separator  with  a  DE  LAVAL  later — thousands  of  users  do 
that  every  year.  If  YOU  already  have  some  other  machine  the 
sooner  YOU  exchange  it  for  a  DE  LAVAL  the  better. 

Why  not  start  1912  right  in  dairying?  TRY  a  DE  LAVAL 
machine  for  your  own  satisfaction  if  nothing  else.  See  the 
nearest  DE  LAVAL  agent  or  write  us  direct  and  we’ll  do  the  rest. 

The  De  Laval  Separator  Co. 


NEW  YORK 


CHICAGO 


SAN  FRANCISCO 


SEATTLE 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-VORKEH 


1243 


THOSE  CHAUTAUQUA  COUNTY  COWS— 
NOVEMBER. 

These  figures  are  dropping  lower  and 
lower,  but  we  are  determined  to  give 
them  just  as  they  are.  It  seems  that 
hay  is  the  most  expensive  thing  to  feed 
cows  at  present.  It  is  worth  $15  in  the 
barn  and  $18  to  $20  delivered  in  town, 
loose.  I  estimated  these  cows  ate  20 
pounds  each  per  day,  or  1200  pounds  per 
month,  and  the  prospect  is  that  it  will 
be  worth  more  another  month.  We  have 
now  finished  feeding  out  our  corn  fod¬ 
der,  and  began  on  December  1  to  feed 
silage.  This  can  be  depended  upon  to 
cut  the  cost  of  production.  While  the 
profits  this  month  are  not  large,  how  do 
they  compare  with  those  from  a  flock  of 
175  or  200  hens  that  are  eating  a  bushel 
•  or  more  of  good  grain  every  day  and 
not  laying  a  single  egg?  It  is  within  my 
knowledge  that  this  is  exactly  the  condi¬ 
tion  of  a  number  of  flocks  in  this  sec¬ 
tion  of  the  country,  and  I  presume  it  is 
true  all  over  the  country.  There  may  be 
exceptions  to  this,  but  this  is  the  usual 
condition  at  this  time  of  year,  and  the 
owners  of  these  poultry  flocks  do  not 
feel  like  crowing  over  their  November 
egg  profits.  Here  are  the  cow  figures: 

NOVEMBER. 

Branch. 

30  days  milk,  1581  lbs.  at  $2 . Sll  62 

Daily  average,  19  1-3  lbs. 

Babcock  test,  5.6  per  cent  butter  fat. 


Matilda. 

30  days  milk,  740  lbs.  at  $2 . $14  80 

Daily  average,  24%  lbs. 

Babcock  test  5.1  per  cent,  butter  fat. 

Cost. 

[Iay  . $9.oo 

vorn  fodder  .  3. 32 

Grain  .  4 

Interest  . . ! !  l'.OO  $26.42 

-  $17.50 

November’s  net  profit .  $8.92 


Cost  of  production  per  hundred....  ’  L32 

C.  C.  CLEMENT. 

Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y. 


Care  of  Young  Heifer. 

I  have  a  Holstein  heifer,  will  be  two 
years  old  next  March.  I  expect  her  to 
freshen  about  April  1,  is  good  size.  Will 
you  tell  me  how  she  should  be  fed  during 
the  Winter  and  Spring?  I  have  good  hay, 
Timothy,  clover,  oats  and  peas  and  sweet 
corn  stalks,  and  plenty  of  mangels. 

Pennsylvania.  l.  l. 

It  seems  to  me  that  L.  L.  has  a 
wealth  of  material  for  wintering  his 
heifer.  He  does  not  say  what  the  peas 
and  oats  are,  so  I  assume  it  is  hay  cut 
while  the  grain  was  in  the  milk.  Of 
course  the  ideal  Winter  feed  for  all 
kinds  of  cattle  is  silage,  but  we  can¬ 
not  expect  anybody  with  only  one  or 
two  cows  to  have  that.  However,  a 
very  passable  substitute  may  be  made 
from  the  sweet  cornstalks  by  chopping 
them  quite  fine  with  a  hand  chopping 
box  and  treading  it  very  firmly  into  a 
tight  barrel.  A  pork  barrel  is  excel¬ 
lent  for  this  purpose.  After  packing 
in  the  barrel  pour  over  it  two  or  three 
gallons  (I  use  a  common  teakettle  full) 
of  hot  water  and  cover  with  an  old 
blanket  or  several  thicknesses  of  bran 
sacking.  In  two  or  three  days  it  will 
be  thoroughly  heated  through  and  all 
the  hard  butts  softened  so  they  are 
readily  eaten.  It  is  well  to  have  two 
barrels,  so  that  one  may  be  filled  and 
cooking  while  the  other  is  being  fed 
out.  I  should  feed  this  heifer  a  good 
feed,  perhaps  nearly  a  bushel,  or  all 
she  will  clean  up  in  the  morning,  of 
this  hand-made  silage,  a  good  forkful 
of  clover  or  oat  and  pea  hay  at  noon, 
and  .another  feed  of  silage  at  night. 
On  Sundays  feed  bright  oat  or  buck¬ 
wheat  straw  at  noon  instead  of  hay. 
It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  cows 
greatly  relish  an  occasi|on/al  feed  of 
straw  unless  they  are  bedded  so  lib¬ 
erally  that  they  eat  their  bedding.  I 
never  fed  any  mangels,  so  i  do  not 
know  much  about  them,  but  I  imagine 
I  should  save  them  for  the  milking 
cows  if  I  had  any. 

Some  people  do  not  believe  in  feed¬ 
ing  grain  to  dry  stock  unless  they  are 


fattening  them,  but  a  quart  of  grain, 
ground  corn  and  oats  or  bran  and 
meal,  if  you  have  to  buy  feed,  on  the 
silage  twice  a  day  will  keep  a  heifer 
in  much  better  condition  for  calving, 
and  the  cost  is  so  slight  it  will  hardly 
be  noticed.  After  calving  if  the  udder 
is  all  right  and  shows  no  signs  of  cak¬ 
ing,  this  feed  may  be  considerably  in¬ 
creased  if  conditions  warrant  it.  This 
heifer  and  indeed  all  the  cows  should 
have  free  access  to  salt.  I  have  a  salt 
box  on  the  wall  just  in  front  of  the 
cows,  and  I  throw  a  small  handful  into 
one  corner  of  the  manger  every  time  I 
feed  silage.  For  best  results  she  should 
not  be  compelled  to  drink  ice  water 
in  the  Winter.  This  also  applies  to 
milking  cows.  If  the  water  is  slightly 
warmed  they  will  drink  more  of  it,  and 
the  more  water  they  drink  the  more 
milk  they  will  give.  They  will  also  be 
healthier  and  keep  in  better  condition 
than  the  cows  that  are  driven  into  the 
cold  side  of  a  barnyard  to  drink  ice 
water  through  all  the  Winter  storms. 

New  York.  c.  c. 


AILING  ANIMALS. 

Horse  With  Sores. 

I  have  a  black  mare  11-12  years  old  that 
for  three  months  had  sores  break  out  on 
her  back  and  shoulders  and  front  legs  and 
In  her  eyelids.  In  these  sores  a  hard  for¬ 
mation,  from  the  size  of  a  pea  to  several 
times  this  size  are  formed,  that  work 
gradually  to  the  surface.  These  places 
seem  itchy ;  I  have  to  tie  her  up  to  keep 
her  from  biting  the  sores.  I  had  her  bled 
several  times,  keep  the  sores  washed  out 
well  with  soap  and  water,  using  diluted 
carbolic  acid  to  cleanse  them  ;  where  I  can 
bandage  I  use  castor  oil  and  calomel  and 
apply  the  same  to  other  sores.  Her  appe¬ 
tite  is  good.  Sores  heal  rapidly,  to  break 
out  in  some  other  part,  usually  where  she 
rubs  or  bruises  herself.  Can  you  tell  me 
what  is  is  and  a  remedy;  also  the  cause? 
No  one  here  seems  to  be  able  to  diagnose 
the  case.  a.  b.  m. 

Louisiana. 

We  are  not  able  from  your  description  to 
say  what  may  be  the  nature  of  the  sores, 
nor  do  the  specimens  sent  help  in  making 
a  diagnosis,  as  they  are  merely  dried  masses 
of  pigment  and  sebaceous  substance.  We 
suspect  that  the  mare  suffers  from  skin 
disease  associated  with  deranged  pigmenta¬ 
tion.  Keep  her  clipped.  Give  Fowler’s 
solution  of  arsenic  night  and  morning  in 
half-ounce  dose.  Paint  the  sores  twice 
daily  with  camphophenique  and  then  dust 
with  calomel.  a.  s.  a. 

Rickets. 

What  is  the  trouble  with  my  pigs?  Have 
three  that  are  nearly  helpless;  first  symp¬ 
toms  noticed,  difficulty  of  getting  around  on 
the  hind  legs ;  the  knee  and  hock  joints 
are  swollen  and  hard.  They  have  a  good, 
dry  place  to  sleep,  and  large  run  in  orchard. 
They  do  not  grow  except  in  length  of  nose. 
Other  pigs  fed  same  way  are  nearly  twice 
as  large.  I  have  been  feeding  a  proprie¬ 
tary  stock  feed,  but  it  is  too  expensive  and 
does  not  seem  to  do  any  good.  Is  there 
any  help  for  them?  w.  b. 

New  York. 

No  doubt  the  pigs  have  rickets,  which  is 
due  to  malnutrition  or  to  lack  of  mineral 
matters  in  the  feed.  It  is  common  where 
pigs  are  stuffed  on  corn,  which  does  not 
supply  much  bone-making  material,  and 
especially  where  pigs  fed  in  that  way  are 
taking  little  outdoor  exercise.  Worms  in 
the  intestines  also  may  cause  derangement 
and  malnutrition.  Stop  feeding  stock  food. 
It  is  not  necessary.  Allow  free  range  on 
grass  and  feed  roots  and  pumpkins.  Do 
not  feed  corn,  but  allow  a  little  cornmeal 
along  with  middlings,  bran,  ground 
(screened)  oats  and  flaxseed  meal  made  up 
Into  thick  slop  with  hot  water.  If  milk  is 
used,  omit  the  flaxseed  meal.  Add  lime- 
water  at  rate  of  an  ounce  to  the  quart  of 
slop.  a.  s.  A. 

Horse  With  Swelling. 

Please  suggest  a  treatment  for  the  after 
effects  of  lymphangitis.  The  horse  had  an 
attack  last  Winter,  and  the  leg  never  got 
down  to  its  normal  size.  Of  late  it  swells 
more  while  standing  and  does  not  work  out 
as  usual.  There  has  been  eruptions  and 
a  discharge  at  times.  The  leg  is  hard  from 
hock  to  foot.  The  horse  is  about  seven 
years  old,  a  heavy  work  horse  of  a  sluggish 
temperament.  I  am  feeding  oats  with  one- 
third  bran.  w  K- 

New  York. 

If  it  Is  true  lymphangitis  there  should  be 
no  eruptions  or  discharge.  These  things 
tend  to  indicate  that  the  animal  may  be 
affected  by  farcy,  the  skin  form  of  glanders. 
This  is  a  terribly  contagious  disease,  and 
it  not  only  is  communicable  and  fatal  to 
horses,  but  it  affects  man.  It  therefore  is 
dangerous  to  handle  an  affected  animal,  and 
as  we  are  not  certain  that  glanders-farcy  is 
not  present  we  can  only  advise  you  to  have 
an  immediate  examination  made  by  a  grad¬ 
uate  veterinarian.  Were  it  lvmphangitis 
the  treatment  indicated  would  be  to  hand- 
rub  the  parts  two  or  three  times  a  day  then 
swathe  with  cotton  batting  and  applyaband- 
age-  a.  s.  A. 


Dogs  and  Ferrets 


FOR  SALE 

Prices  right. 


-A  Black  and  Tan  Fox  Honnd 
■ROYBE™y.  u£°K,'»CaSk: 


fifll  I  |E  PUPO-From  imported  stock.  Ferns 

AILJLLIL  I  UiO  cheap.  Nelson  Bros.  Grove  City, 

FERRETS  FOR  8ALE~^rite  for  price  1 


DeKleine  Bros., 


and  catalogue,  its  fre 

Jamestown,  Micliigai 


FFRRFT^  SALE— Choice  stock.  Order  ato 
I  liiiii_i  o  while  the  supply  lasts.  Prices— $3 
single  male.  $4  per  single  female.  $38  per  doz.  S 
orders  to  KEEFER  BROTHERS,  Greenwich,  01 


CATTLE 


LAUREL  FARM 


Breeds  the  cattle 
that  most  eco¬ 
nomically  turn  farm  produce  into  money— 
JERSEYS,  and  the  swine  that  do  the  same 
thing— BERKSHIRES.  Which  do  YOU  want? 
J.  GRANT  MORSE,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 


Milk  Producers 


for  New  York  City  market 


form  branches  of  the  Dairymen's  League,  write  to 
4 he  Secretary.  Albert  Manning  Otisville.  N.  Y. 


SES 


FORTY 
Stallions 
and  Mares 

Belgians  &  * 

Percherone 

Will  Arrive 
at  the 

SHARON  VALLEY  STOCK  FARM,  Dec.  21  ®r22 

They  are  an  extra  fine  lot,  and  will  be 
SOLD  BY  AUCTION  between  the 

1st  and  15th  of  JANUARY,  1912 

Everyone  that  wants  to  improve  his  stock  and  be 
up  to  date  must  not  fail  to  attend  this  sale. 

COL.  G,  W.  CRAWFORD,  Prop.,  Newark,  Ohi® 

Percheron  and  Belgian  Stallions  and  Mares  for  sale 
at  farmers'  prices.  A.  W.  GREEN,  Route  1, 
Middlefieid.  O.  Railroad  station,  East  Orwell,  O., 
on  1’enna.  R.R.,  30  miles  north  of  Youngstown,  O, 


S  IX  E  E 


Snowcroft  Hampshire  Downs 

Never  overfitted ;  always  strong,  healthy  and  vigorous. 
All  shipments  guaranteed  as  described.  Inquire 

DR.  S.  F.  SNOW.  713  University  Block,  SYRACUSE,  N.  Y, 


SWINE 


CHELDON  FARM  registered  Durocs.  Pigs  of  both  sex. 
^  Bred  Sows.  Service  Boars.  Best  of  breeding. 
C.  K.  BAKNK8,  Oxford,  N.  V. 

Of Prizo  winners  and  descended 
77  .  "  ,  from  prize  winners  of  the  best 

bloou  of  the  breed.  Herd  long  established.  All  ages 
Male  and  Female  For  Sale.  Pigs,  service  boars,  bred 
and  open  gilts  and  sows.  Priced  to  suit  the  ordinary 
farmer.  Write,  describing  what  you  want. 

A.  E.  FOSTER,  New  Salem,  Fairfield  Co.,  Ohio 


O.I.G. 


Service  boars  with  orandparents;  bred  by 
the  l.  B.  Silver  Co.,  520. 

C.  B.  Smith  &  Son.  Jackson  Summit,  Pa 


DUROCS 


THE  BIG.  DEEP  FELLOWS 

_.  _  - - that  grow  and  mature  quickly 

Pigs  and  Gilts  for  sale  at  all  times. 

SHENANGO  RIVER  FARMS,  Transfer,  Pa 


CHESHIRES  —The  long,  deep-bodied,  white  bacon  hog 

-  prize  winners  at  State  and  county  fair 

Write  your  wants.  E.  K.  MORSE.  Moravia.  N.  Y. 


ONF  PAIR  Thoroughbred  Chester  White  Pigs 

,  .  ■*»***  ready  for  service.  Who  wants 

them?  High  Point  Poultry  &  Hog  Farm,  Colchester.  Conn 


(I  I  fl  »e  OF  SUPERIOR  QUALITY-Aug.  &  Sept.  Pigs 
1  *  °  pairs  and  trios,  not  akin.  Registered  iii 

buyer’s  name.  Fred  Nickel,  Monroe,  Mich.,  R.  No.l 


OH  -Three  four-montlis’  Boars,  100  lbs.  each. 

ill  Ui  at  $10  each;  registered,  $11.  Valley  View 
Branch,  Maple  Glen  Poultry  Farm,  Millerton,  N.Y 


COD  C  Al  C— 26  Chester  White  Boars,  weight 
run  OHLk  226  lbs.  each.  These  young  Boars 
are  sired  by  Sunny  Jim,  No.  15025,  the  greatest 
Chester  White  sire  of  to-day.  Everyone  a  perfect 
individual.  Price  $25.00  each,  if  ordered  at  once. 

HEART’S  DELIGHT  FARM 
C.  E.  Hamilton,  Mgr.,  Chnzy,  New  York, 


YORKSHIRE  SOWS 

Registered,  bred,  all  ages.  One  2-year-old,  one  3- 
year-old  Boar.  Orders  taken  for  suckling  pigs.  If, 
on  arrival,  stock  is  not  as  represented,  in  your 
opinion,  return  same  and  we  will  refund  money. 

BAKITAN  VALLEY  FARMS,  Karitan,  N.J. 


LARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  IllfillWOOP— During  eachoftlie  pant 
five  years  we  have  sold  more  reulatered  Berkshires  than  any 
other  breeder  in  the  United  States.  This  is  shown  by  the 
records  of  the  American  Berkshire  Association.  We  have  over 
400  registered  Berkshires  and  invite  the  closest  inspection. 
Special  offering  now  of  Service  Boars  at  from  $2;>  up.  We  arc 
breeding  80  young  Sows  that  will  be  sold  showing  safe  with 
pig.  H.  O.  &  H.  H.  HA  UPENDING,  Dundee,  N.  Y. 


FASHIONABLY  BRED  BERKSHIRES 

A  few  Spring  and  Summer  PIGS  for  sale  at  rea¬ 
sonable  prices.  Dr.  J.  R.  ALLEN,  Orwell,  N.  Y. 


GIVEN  Berkshire  or  Duroc  Pig  for  a  few 
hours  of  your  time,  stamp  for  parti¬ 
culars.  PKNNA,  BERKSHIRE  COMPANY, 
Fannettsburg,  Pennsylvania. 


SPRINGBANK  BERKSHIRES.- 

in  Connecticut.  Sows  bred  for  April  litters  all  sold. 
Have  4  sows  bred  to  farrow  in  July ;  late,  to  ser¬ 
vice  of  Watson's  Masterpiece.  Will  book  orders 
for  March  and  April  pigs  now.  Send  for  new 
Booklet.  J.  E.  WATSON.  Pionrietor,  Marbledale,  Conn. 


KALORAMA  FARM 

is  now  offering  a  limited  number  of 

BERKSHIRE  PIGS 

from  eight  to  twelve  weeks  old,  of 
the  highest  quality  and  breeding, 

...  AT  REASONABLE  PRICES  .  .  . 

CALVIN  J.  HUSON,  -  PENN  YAN,  N.Y 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


DAIRY  CjO-TTLE 


■  Highest  Quality  and  Best  Color 


The  prepotency  of  the  Guernsey  Bull  or •  his 
ability  to  stamp  the  desirable  characteristics  of  the 
breed  on  his  offspring 

Makes  him  most  valuable  for  improving  the 
common  dairy  stock  of  any  section. 


A.  Dairy  of  Grade  Guernseys  will  give  Rich, 
Fine-Flavored ,  High-  Colored  Milk, 
Cream  and  Butter. 


FURTHER  INFQRMATION  REGARDING  THE  GRADE 
GUERNSEYS  BY  ADDRESSING 

The  American  Guernsey  Cattle  Club 

Box  R  PETERBORO,  1ST.  H. 


Oakland  Farm  Holsteins 

Young  Bnlls  for  $50,  $75  and  $100,  and  some  at 
higher  figures— all  of  Oakland  quality,  and  every¬ 
one  guaranteed  to  suit  the  purchaser.  Our  sires 
are  the  best  we  could  select,  and  are  of  national 
reputation,  while  our  females  are  of  equal  merit. 
At  our  prices  a  registered  bull  is  cheaper  for  you 
than  any  other;  you  cannot  afford  to  get  along  with 
a  grade.  T.  A  MITCHELL,  Weedsport,  N.  Y. 
(40  minutes  from  Syracuse  on  R.  S.  &  E.  Trolley.) 


Krrr,  holsteins 

are  bred  for  large  production,  good  size,  strong 
constitution,  and  best  individuality.  The  best 
sires  are  used  in  this  herd  that  it  is  possible  to  se¬ 
cure.  A  nice  lot  of  young  bulls  for  sale;  no  females. 
■  A.  A.  CORTELYOU,  Somerville  N.  J. 


READY  FOR  SERVICE 


-SIR  KORNDYKE 
TNT,  TTTNT  .  NETHERLAND 

DE  KOL  4th,  registered  show  Holstein,  horn 
Dec.  5,  1910.  Nearly  all  white.  Prize  winner  at 
Fall  Fairs.  Price,  $100  f.  o.  b.  Send  for  pedigroe. 
CLOVERDALE  FARM,  Charlotte,  N.  Y. 


Iff  ...WE  HAVE  A  FEW... 

I OUNG  BULLS  FOR  SALE 

THAT  ARE  READY  FOR  SERVICE. 

THEY  ARE  FROM  ADVANCED  REGISTRY 
DAMS,  AND  BY  ONE  OF  THE  BEST  SIRES 
OF  THE  HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN  BREED. 
WE  ARE  SHORT  OF  ROOM  AND  WILL 
MAKE  PRICES  ON  THESE  FELLOWS 
THAT  WILL  SURELY  MOVE  THEM. 

Write  for  Pedigrees  and  Prices. 

WOODCREST FARM 

RIFT OI\l,  N.  V. 


REG.  HOLSTEIN  MALE  CALVES 


Closely  related  to  champions  of  the  world 
at  farmers’  prices.  Fine  individuals,  nicely 
marked.  Fifty  per  cent  below  value. 
Satisfaction  guaranteed.  Write  to-day. 

F.  H.  RIVENBURGH,  HILLHURST  FARM.  MUNNSVILLE,  N.  Y. 


I 


I 


«  A 


LI  T  Y 


QUA 

FOR  SALE-THREE  RICHLY  BRED  YOUNG  JERSEY  BULLS 
DAMS  HAVING  YEARLY  AUTHENTICATED  RECORDS,  as  follows! 

Dam  of  No.  1,  8128.3  lbs.  milk  in  286  days, 

_  . . ,  testing  527  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 

Dam  of  No.  2,  11265.3  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

^  „  testing  701  lbs.  12  oz.  butter 

Dam  of  No.  3,  12840.6  lbs.  milk  in  365  days, 

testing  803  lbs.  10  oz.  butter 
Write  for  description  ami  prices,  or  come  and  see 
them,  visitors  always  welcome. 

E.  W,  Mosher,  “  BK1GHTSIDE,”  Aurora,  New  York 

FflR  9A|  C— Two  Jersey  Heifer  Calves  out  of 
I  Ull  OnLL  R.  of  Merit  bull,  and  a  few  Jer- 
sev  Cows.  Also  S.  C.  W.  Leghorn  Hens,  $1.00  each. 
GEO.  L.  FERRIS  &  SON,  Atwater,  N.  Y. 


BELTED  HAMPSHIRE  SWINE : 


WELL  MARXED  PICS 

CHAS.  STEWART  DAVISON 
60  Wall  Si.,  New  York  City 


rr  ▼  ▼ 


"T  ▼  V  ▼  T  T  TT” 


► 

► 


Breed  Up— Not  DowirEr, 


Bull  Calves 

,  .  _  _  can  afford  to 

buy.  Superior  dairy  dams.  No  better  sires.  11.  F. 
SHANNON,  907  Liberty  Street,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

FflR  <\AI  F-Registered  jerseys— cows, 

I  Ull  OHLL  HEIFERS  AND  YOUNG  BULLS; 
large  selection;  blue  ribbon  winners;  won  in  butter 
contests.  Come  and  see  them.  Full  particulars  of 

DAVID  WALLACE,  Supt.  Rumsonhill  Farm,  Fairhaven,  N.  J. 


Purebred  Registered 

HOLSTEIN  CATTLE 

are  the  leading  dairy  breed  because  the  dairy  busi¬ 
ness  in  no  longer  guess-work  but  a  science.  In  all 
tests  conducted  by  experiment  stations  to  find  out 
the  relative  profits  in  heavy-weight  and  light-weight 
cows,  the  big  Holstein  wins.  A  test  at  the  Wisconsin 
station  between  five  Holsteins  and  five  medium-weight 
Jerseys  showed  that  in  one  year  the  Jerseys  earned  $80.01 
and  the  Holsteins  $95.31  per  head. 

Send  for  Free  Illustrated  Descriptive  Booklets • 
They  contain  valuable  information  for  any  Dairy¬ 
man. 

F.  L.  HOUGHTON,  Sec’y,  Box  105,  Brattleboro,  Vt- 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN  ASS’N, 


1244 


M  I  LK 

The  New  York  Exchange  price  is  $2.01 
per  40-quart  can,,  netting  4 14  cents  per 
quart  to  shippers  in  26-cent  zone  who  have 
no  additional  station  charges. 


Grading  the  City  Milk. 

The  New  York  City  Board  of  Health  has 
ordered  that  after  January  1  all  milk  sold 
in  this  city  must  be  “inspected”  or  pas¬ 
teurized.  The  milk  is  to  be  graded  as  fol¬ 
lows  : 

GRADE  “A” 

For  Infants  and  Children. 

1.  Certified  or  guaranteed  milk. 

2.  Inspected  milk — raw. 

From  tuberculin  tested  herds  on 
farms  complying  with  at  least  75 
per  cent  of  department's  regulations. 

•  Bacteria  count  not  over  50,000  per 

c.  c. 

GRADE  “B” 

For  Adults. 

1.  Selected  milk — raw. 

Conforming  to  regulations  for  in¬ 
spected  milk,  but  substituting  phy¬ 
sical  examination  of  herds  for  tu¬ 
berculin  test. 

2.  Pasteurized1 — under  department’s  reg¬ 
ulations. 

GRADE  “C” 

For  Cooking  and  Manufacturing  Purposes. 
Only  in  Bakeries,  Hotels  and  Restaurants. 

(May  be  raw.  Pasteurization  not  re¬ 
quired.) 

All  milk  not  included  in  above  grades. 

Thus  all  drinking  milk  that  is  not  "certi¬ 
fied”  or  inspected  by  the  Board  of  Health 
agents  must  be  “pasteurized.”  This  means 
holding  it  for  20  minutes  at  a  temperature 
of  150  to  1G0,  then  cooling  it.  The 
joker  in  this  is  likely  to  prove  the  fact 
that  some  of  our  “leading  citizens”  have 
a  monopoly  in  the  manufacture  of  a  pas¬ 
teurizing  machine.  We  do  not  believe  it 
will  be  possible  to  enforce  any  such  ordi¬ 
nance.  Dealers  can  buy  and  sell  "Grade 
C”  milk  for  cooking  purposes  and  easily 
sell  it  by  the  glass  or  bowl.  And  as  the 
result  of  all  this  it  is  rumored  that  the 
milk  trust  will  mount  the  retail  price  of 
milk  to  10  cents  a  quart — while  paying 
producers  less  than  last  year ! 


Massachusetts  Milk  Matters. 

It  seems  a  shame  that  the  farmers  can¬ 
not  work  and  stick  together  for  their  own 
mutual  advantage,  especially  on  the  milk 
question,  but  it  seems  impossible  for  them 
to.  do  so  except  to  a  limited  extent.  Jeal¬ 
ousy  that  our  neighbor  will  succeed  better 
than  we,  get  a  cent  a  can  more  for  his  milk 
or  make  a  can  more  than  we  or  some 
other  equally  small  matter  seems  to  make 
one  willing  to  pull  the  other  down  on  all 
occasions.  It  is  this  state  of  affairs  which 
the  contractors  have  always  taken  advan¬ 
tage  of,  and  thus  kept  us  where  we  are, 
obliged  to  take  to  a  large  extent  just  what 
they  offer.  Just  as  long  as  this  state  of 
affairs  prevails  there  is  not  much  hope  of 
better  prices,  and  this  fact  cannot  be  too 
strongly  put  before  the  dairy  owners  of 
New  England.  It  was  stated  to  me  re¬ 
cently  by  a  person  who  was  in  New  Hamp¬ 
shire  at  the  time  of  the  milk  strike  a  year 
ago  last  May  that  certain  Boston  con¬ 
tractors  made  special  contracts  at  special 
prices  with  men  who  were  willing  to  send 
their  milk  rather  than  keep  it  at  home,  and 
thus  assist  the  B.  C.  M.  I’.  U.  to  obtain 
the  prices  for  which  they  had  asked.  By 
thus  obtaining  a  small  amount  of  milk 
in  each  section  it  was  possible  to  keep  the 
local  car  running.  In  this  section  the  con¬ 
tractors  obtained  small  amounts,  but  as 
far  as  I  know  did  not  pay  any  extra  for 
them.  However,  their  main  object  was  to 
have  the  cars  run  and  not  have  to  stop 
them  entirely  because  of  nothing  to  carry. 
One  man  in  this  section  at  that  time  car¬ 
ried  his  milk  every  other  night  in  May  and 
June  and  the  board  of  health  never  made 
any  kick  about  it.  Now  they  threaten  to 
refuse  milk  over  so  many  hours  old.  Some 
of  the  contractors  claim  to  deliver  morn¬ 
ing’s  milk  after  nine  in  the  morning.  Cer¬ 
tain  Boston  residents  are  trying  to  have 
the  early  morning  deliveries  done  away 
with,  partly  on  account  of  the  noise  waking 
them  up  and  partly  because  they  think  if 
they  can  have  it  delivered  about  nine  or 
after  they  will  obtain  fresher  milk  than 
they  do  by  the  present  early  deliveries ; 
these  are  from  two  until  six  a.  m.,  which 
is  mostly  the  custom  at  present  time. 
Now  we  know  that  it  is  practically  impos¬ 
sible  for  any  large  contractor  who  gets  his 
milk  over  the  railroad  to  deliver  it  any¬ 
where  near  nine  o'clock,  as  much  of  the 
milk  is  not  loaded  on  the  car  in  the  coun¬ 
try  until  that  hour  or  near  it.  It  takes  an 
hour  to  make  the  run  to  Boston ;  then  it 
has  to  be  unloaded  and  bottled  and  again 
loaded  on  the  delivery  teams ;  thus  you 
can  see  what  chance  a  person  has  to  ob¬ 
tain  morning  milk  at  nine  o’clock  in  the 
morning.  This  is  nearby  milk,  20  to  40 
miles  from  the  city.  Of  course  farther 
away  milk  takes  longer  or  has  to  be  started 
before  the  cows  are  milked  in  the  morning. 

Another  thing;  few  contractors  are  likely 
to  deliver  morning  milk  until  the  older  sup¬ 
ply  on  hand  has  been  disposed  of,  except 
in  a  few  special  cases.  Another  point,  the 
matter  of  fixing  milk  prices.  The  con¬ 
tractors  seem  to  have  the  right  to  fix  prices 
at  both  ends.  They  can  buy  out,  drive  out 
or  freeze  out  the  smaller  dealers  one  after 
another,  and  this  has  been  their  policy, 
until  they  control  a  large  section.  Further, 
they  can  then  still  keep  at  the  same  game, 
getting  control  of  more  and  more  territory, 
until  they  are  able  to  fix  any  price  they 
wish  at  the  retail  end.  Then  they  also 
fix  the  price  to  a  large  extent  at  receiving 
or  country  end.  When  the  farmers  com¬ 
bine  and  fix  or  ask  a  reasonable  price  their 
agent  in  the  matter  is  indicted  by  the  grand 
jury.  We  would  ask  why  if  the  contractors 
have  a  right  to  fix  the  retail  price  in  the 
city  why  have  not  the  farmers  in  the 
country  an  equal  right  to  fix  a  reasonable 
price  on  their  product?  A  monopoly  or 
combine  is  certainly  stronger  when  owned 
or  controlled  by  one  man  or  a  few  men, 
and  much  more  dangerous  than  the 
combine  that  consists  of  many  men  as  the 
farmers  combine  must  if  such  a  thing  exists. 
It  is  well,  in  fact,  necessary,  for  all  inter- 


T3H0  RURAh  NEW-YORKER 


ested  m  milk  production  to  be  on  the  alert, 
as  the  Legislature  will  soon  be  convened 
m  this  State,  and  legislation  unfavorable 
to  our  interests  will  be  passed  if  we  do 
not  use  our  influence  for  all  we  are  worth. 
The  Ellis  bill  will  again  be  brought  up, 
and  likely  other  matters  along  this  line. 
We  can  simply  try  our  best  to  see  that 
whatever  goes  through  is  reasonable  and 
fair  to  both  parties  and  will  not  put  us  out 
of  business.  A.  P< 

Massachusetts. 


Holstein  Breeders  Meet. 

As  has  been  stated  in  The  R.  N.-Y.,  there 
are  in  Madison  and  Chenango  Co.,  N.  Y., 
more  Holstein  cattle  to  the  square  mile 
than  in  any  other  territory  in  the  world 
outside  of  Holland.  There  is  a  strong 
Breeders’  Club  representing  this  section  and 
a  meeting  was  held  November  23.  about  70 
members  being  present.  Hereafter  breeders 
from  Oneida  and  Otsego  Counties  may  be¬ 
come  members  of  the  club.  Senator  R. 
W.  Thomas  started  a  discussion  as  to  laws 
for  regulating  tuberculosis.  It  was  voted 
as  being  the  sense  of  this  meeting  that  a 
cow  should  not  be  finally  condemned  until 
after  a  second  test,  when  if  she  did  not 
react,  she  should  be  re-tested  in  one  year, 
and  if  she  again  failed  to  react,  she  should 
not  be  considered  a  tuberculous  animal  and 
should  not  be  condemned. 

A  motion  was  carried  that  this  club 
favor  the  examination  of  milk  for  tubercu¬ 
losis  germs  as  a  means  of  locating  tubercu¬ 
lous  cows ;  also  a  motion  prevailed  that 
the  club  ask  their  Senator  to  use  his  influ¬ 
ence  against  city  boards  of  health  requiring 
tuberculin  test  of  all  animals  furnishing 
milk  for  their  cities.  It  was  also  moved 
and  carried  that  the  club  heartily  endorses 
the  bill  introduced  by  Senator  R.  WT. 
Thomas  in  the  last  Legislature,  compelling 
all  buyers  of  milk  and  cream  to  give  a  bond 
for  the  fulfillment  of  their  contracts.  An¬ 
other  motion  was  duly  carried  that  they 
ask  their  Senator  to  use  his  influence  in  the 
Legislature  to  the  end  that  the  State  should 
pay  full  appraisal  value  of  an  animal  when 
condemned  after  reacting  to  the  tuberculin 
test.  A  motion  that  the  club  favors  a  law 
compelling  commission  merchants  to  keep 
accurate  accounts  of  all  business  done  by 
them,  also  to  give  bonds  for  the  faithful 
performance  of  their  duties,  was  moved  and 
carried.  o.  s.  lang  worthy. 


Price  of  Cream. 

WThen  four  per  cent  milk  sells  at  four 
cents  per  quart,  what  would  be  a  fair 
price  for  cream  separated  from  this  milk? 

J.  G. 

You  do  not  state  the  fat  percentage  of 
the  cream,  which  I  should  suppose  to  be 
about  20  per  cent.  In  any  case,  you  can 
work  it  out  for  yourself  after  the  same 
method  as  for  20  per  cent  cream,  which 
is  as  follows.  The  fat  percentage  is  of 
course  what  we  base  the  value  of  the  milk 
or  cream  on.  Now  in  either  100  pounds 
of  milk  or  20  pounds  of  cream  we  have 
four  pounds  of  fat.  Again,  in  100  pounds 
of  milk  there  are  40. 4  quarts  which  at  four 
cents  a  quart  are  worth  $1.86.  One  pound 
of  milk  would  then  sell  for  $.0186  but  as 
we  have  seen  one  pound  of  cream  is  worth 
five  pounds  of  milk  or  in  cash  $.093. 
Further  one  quart  of  20  per  cent  cream 
weighs  about  two  pounds  and  would  be 
worth  two  times  $.093  or  $.186.  The  pro¬ 
ducer  ought  not  to  sell  it  for  less  than  19 
cents,  but  if  he  can  get  for  a  gallon  of 
skim-milk  three  cents  in  cash  or  in  feeding 
value  he  might  be  justified  in  taking  a  cent 
or  two  less,  which,  however,  makes  no 
allowance  for  the  cost  of  separating.  Tak¬ 
ing  this  last  item  into  consideration  I 
would  consider  20  cents  a  quart  nearer 
right  for  such  cream.  r.  b. 


The  authorities  at  Montclair,  N.  J„  have 
just  closed  a  long  battle  with  the  Borden 
Milk  Company.  The  Board  of  Health  of 
Montclair  decreed  that  no  milk  was  to  be 
sold  in  that  town  except  from  cows  which 
had  been  tested  with  tuberculin  and  found 
free  from  disease.  On  the  passage  of  this 
rule  several  milk  dealers  went  out  of  busi¬ 
ness  rather  than  comply  with  this  demand. 
A  number  of  others  qualified.  The  Borden 
Company  obtained  an  injunction  restraining 
the  town  of  Montclair  from  operating  this 
ordinance.  The  case  went  as  far  as  the 
Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals,  which  de¬ 
cided  in  favor  of  the  town.  The  Borden 
Company  was  expected  to  carry  the  case 
to  the  United  States  Supreme  Court.  This 
plan  has  been  abandoned,  and  the  Borden 
Company  has  submitted  to  the  ordinance 
and  sells  only  milk  from  tested  cattle.  It 
is  said  that  the  Bordens  obtained  the  milk 
which  they  sell  in  Montclair  from  Chenango 
County,  New  York,  gathering  it  from  a 
number  of  different  herds,  so  that  it  will 
be  difficult  for  them  to  carry  out  the  plan 
fully.  It  is  said  that  Montclair  has  spent 
several  thousand  dollars  on  the  case,  while 
the  cost  to  the  Bordens  was  even  greater. 


Cows  are  selling  from  $20  to  $40  for 
strippers,  $30  to  $50  for  fresh  cows.  Hogs, 
7  V<i  to  eight  cents  for  dressed,  and  five 
cents  on  foot.  Horses  are  low,  $140  to 
$150  for  the  best,  from  $150  down  to  $30. 
People  sold  all  the  stock  they  could  last 
Fall  on  account  of  drought,  and  feed  is 
very  scarce  in  Gallia  Co.,  but  we  had 
good  Fall  pasture,  which  helps  the  far¬ 
mers  out  wonderfully.  Hay  is  $20  to  $23 
per  ton,  not  very  much  to  sell.  Wheat, 
$1  per  bushel.  Corn,  65  to  70  cents  per 
bushel ;  oats,  50  cents.  Potatoes,  40  cents 
a  peck  or  $1.50  per  bushel  retail.  The 
wholesale  houses  charge  $1.10  per  bushel 
for  potatoes.  Turnips.  50  cents  per  bushel. 
Turkeys.  13  cents  per  pound ;  chickens, 
seven  cents  per  pound.  Butter,  20  cents  per 
pound.  Eggs,  32  cents  per  dozen. 

Gallia  Co.,  Ohio.  t.  g.  s. 

We  are  now  getting  the  present  prices 
here  quoted  :  Good  milch  cows,  $50 ; 
oxen  from  $150  to  $250  per  pair.  Horses, 
good  working  teams,  from  $400  to 
$600.  Hay  sells  from  $8  to  $12  per 
ton;  cornmeal,  $1.80  per  bag;  potatoes, 
$1.25  per  bushel,  and  scarce  at  that.  Silage, 
$6  per  ton.  Manure.  $3  per  cart.  Apples, 
$1.50  to  $2  per  barrel ;  flour,  $6  per  barrel  ; 
butter,  30  cents  per  pound ;  cheese,  18 
cents ;  eggs,  40  cents  a  dozen ;  hogs,  live, 
five  cents  per  pound,  dressed,  seven  cents ; 
poultry,  live,  eight  to  12  cents ;  dressed,  14 
to  18  cents.  Milk,  five  and  six  cents  per 
quart.  a.  r.  w. 

Bridgewater,  Vt. 


Selling  Bogus  Butter. 

A  reader  would  like  to  know  what  can 
be  done  concerning  the  sale  of  artificial 
butter.  Food  is  high  here.  A  great  many 
people  bring  their  butter  to  the  market 
mixed  with  other  fat.  Some  of  the  store¬ 
keepers  think  we  ought  not  to  complain. 
If  there  is  a  law  to  prevent  them  from 
deceiving  the  people,  we  would  like  to  know 
how  to  act.  e.  11. 

Kent  Co.,  Del. 

On  application  to  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  we  received  the  following: 

From  the  legal  standpoint  the  addition 
of  foreign  fat  to  butter  constitutes  the 
manufacture  of  oleomargarine  and  therefore 
comes  under  the  regulations  of  the  Bureau 
of  Internal  Revenue.  So  far  as  we  know 
there  have  been  no  prosecutions  of  farm¬ 
ers  making  small  amounts  of  butter  under 
this  law,  but  the  manufacture  of  butter 
containing  such  foreign  fats,  -without  first 
obta’ning  proper  license  is  clearly  a  viola¬ 
tion  of  the  law.  w.  m.  hays. 

Acting  Secretary. 

Get  your  facts  in  shape  with  names 
and,  if  possible,  samples  and  submit 
them  to  the  Internal  Revenue  Commis¬ 
sioner,  Washington. 

A  Question  in  Hog  Raising. 

If  one  had  a  thousand  bushels  of  good 
fair  corn,  or  a  thousand  bushels  of  grain, 
part  corn,  part  barley,  etc.,  with  sufllcient 
pasture  or  grazing,  and  some  rough  stuff 
and  farm  waste,  how  many  hogs  would 
he  safely  undertake  to  “round  out”  for 
market  to  average  300  pounds  each?  How 
many  to  average  200  pounds  each  ?  How 
much  fair  clover  or  other  pasture  would 
such  numbers  of  hogs  require — that  is,  what 
acreage?  What  is  the  approximate  cost 
of  raising  a  bushel  of  corn  in  New  York 
State— under  average  conditions? 

Mason  Co.,  Wash.  r.  s.  d. 

Experiments  that  we  have  made  here 
show  that  pigs  well  bred,  carefully  fed 
and  well  cared  for  will  make  one  pound 
of  gain  from  three  to  3%  pounds  of  dry 
matter  in  their  feed,  and  pigs  from  weaning 
time  to  a  weight  of  200  or  300  pounds 
will  gain  from  1^4  to  iVz  pound  per  day 
each.  From  this  data  you  enquirer  can 
make  an  estimate  of  how  much  pork  1,000 
bushels  of  grain  would  produce. 

Cornell  University.  h.  h.  king. 

Extensive  hog  feeders  claim  that  100  to 
125  100-pound  hogs  may  be  made  to  weigh 
300  pounds  on  abundant  clover  pasture 
and  1,000  bushels  of  grain,  and  about  twice 
that  number  finished  to  weigh  200  pounds. 
Ten  hogs  to  the  acre  or  more  on  extra 
good  pasture  is  a  fair  estimate  for  pas¬ 
turage.  To  make  one  pound  of  gain  on 
clover  or  Alfalfa  requires  four  pounds  of 
grain,  while  it  would  require  six  pounds  of 
grain  alone.  These  figures  are  conserva¬ 
tive,  and  the  pigs  are  assumed  to  be  thrifty 
and  healthy.  w.  e.  duckwall. 

Ohio. 

One  should  be  able  to  give  a  fairly  ap¬ 
proximate  answer  to  this  question,  on  the 
basis  of  much  experimental  feeding.  The 
results  of  experiments  at  various  stations 
widely  separated  over  the  country  show 
that  450  to  600  pounds  of  corn  are  re¬ 
quired  for  100  pounds  gain  live  weight, 
with  slightly  over  500  as  the  average.  In 
good  feeding,  where  corn  is  not  entirely 
relied  on,  and  the  pigs  are  started  after 
weaning,  one  should  do  much  better,  and 
produce  100  pounds  gain  on  less  than  500 
pounds  of  grain,  coming  close  to  400.  At 
the  Indiana  Station  the  writer  has  pro¬ 
duced  100  pounds  of  pork  from  loss  than 
400  pounds  of  grain  and  Prof.  Skinner  of 
that  Station  has  produced  100  pounds  of 
gain  from  as  low  as  311  pounds  of  feed. 
If  these  hogs  are  fed  on  good  clover  or 
other  pasture,  of  course  this  reduces  the 
cost.  At  the  Alabama  Station,  where  only 
corn  was  fed,  it  required  456  pounds  of 
grain  for  100  pounds  of  gain,  while  where 
the  pigs  ran  on  Soy  bean  pasture  only  157 
pounds  of  corn  were  needed.  In  this  trial 
one  acre  of  poor  Soy  bean  pasture  was 
equal  to  1.068  pounds  of  corn.  Red  clover 
will  not  give  quite  as  good  return  as  Soy 
beans,  but  should  be  very  comparable.  Just 
pasture  alone  will  not  yield  as  profitable 
returns  as  using  a  light  grain  feed  in  con¬ 
nection  with  the  pasture.  The  number  of 
hogs  to  the  acre  depends  entirely  on  the 
size  and  whether  they  are  fed  additional 
grain  or  not.  At  300  pounds  weight,  feed 
some  grain  with  the  clover.  I  should  esti¬ 
mate  about  six  head.  Yet  such  figures  are 
very  misleading,  much  dpending  on  the 
feeder,  the  kind  of  hogs  being  fed,  the  cli¬ 
matic  condition  while  the  clover  is  grow¬ 
ing,  etc.  The  only  fair  basis  of  estimate  is 
on  the  amount  of  grain  that  will  make  100 
pounds  of  gain  live  weight.  The  approxi¬ 
mate  cost  of  raising  a  bushel  of  corn  in 
New  York  State  I  do  not  know. 

Ohio.  [Prof.]  c.  s.  plumb. 

Where  corn  alone  is  fed  to  hogs,  it  is 
usually  assumed  that  it  requires  10  bushels 
of  corn  to  make  100  pounds  of  pork  if  fed 
as  straight  grain  ration.  If  the  grains  are 
mixed,  consisting  of  corn  and  barley  fed 
on  clover  or  other  leguminous  forage  crops, 
it  might  be  possible  to  produce  15  pounds 
of  pork  from  each  bushel  of  corn  fed  or 
150  pounds  for  10  bushels.  At  this  rate, 
it  would  require  from  50  to  50  hogs  weigh¬ 
ing  300  pounds  each  to  consume  1,000 
bushels  of  corn.  If  the  hogs  were  made 
ready  for  sale  at  200  pounds  each  instead 
of  300.  then  it  would  require  from  60  to 
75  hogs  to  properly  utilize  1.000  bushels 
of  grain.  The  amount  of  pasture  or  the 
number  of  hogs  per  acre  would  be  deter¬ 
mined  largely  by  the  method  of  feeding.  If 
the  hogs  were  given  a  full  feed  of  grain, 
they  could  be  fed  at  the  rate  of  20  to  25 
head  per  acre.  If  the  purpose  was  to 
utilize  pasture  for  the  most  of  the  feed 
with  only  a  limited  amount  of  grain,  then 
it  would  not  be  proper  to  stock  the  pasture 
with  more  than  15  individuals  per  acre. 
Penna.  Agri.  College.  w.  a.  coohel. 

Professor  of  Animal  Husbandry. 


December  30, 

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THE  HURAI>  NEW-YORKER 


liJ45 


The  Henyard. 


A  Bunch  of  Happy  Hens. 

The  basket  of  eggs  in  the  picture,  Fig. 
503,  page  1231,  is  about  as  misleading  as 
some  of  the  poultry  advertisements  we  read. 
The  picture  of  basket  of  eggs  is  stuffed 
or  watered  as  lots  of  stock  is,  but  at  the 
time  the  picture  was  taken  I  could  have 
filled  it  and  had  enough  left  to  set  a  hen. 
My  flock,  October  1,  numbered  about  600. 
Since  then  I  have  made  some  sales  and 
reduced  the  number  to  help  make  grain 
bill  smaller.  The  scrap  from  the  table  will 
not  go  far  in  feeding  a  flock  of  this  size. 
1  cannot  keep  them  in  the  backyard  unless 
the  backyard  has  several  acres  in  it.  I 
think  a  flock  of  this  size  would  eat  if  they 
could  get  it  as  much  grass  as  a  cow  would 
eat.  I  judge  from  a  piece  of  green  rye  I 
turned  some  hens  and  chickens  in  to  help 
themselves  and  in  a  few  days  they  made  it 
look  like  30  cents.  But  they  did  not  eat 
as  much  grain.  Cabbage  is  good,  beets, 
kale  and  sprouted  oats ;  change  feed  often 
and  look  out  for  lice.  Keep  carbolic  acid 
and  kerosene  mixed,  one  pint  crude  carbolic 
acid  and  one  gallon  kerosene,  on  hand  and 
use  freely  on  houses ;  sure  death  to  lice. 
Clean  droppings  boards  often  and  keep  your 
eye  on  any  hens  that  look  sick  or  droopy, 
and  remove  them  from  the  llock. 

I  keep  R.  Rock  and  R.  C.  R.  I.  Reds.  I 
have  a  fine  strain  of  Rocks  and  the  best 
laying  hens  I  ever  have  kept.  I  do  not 
keep  all  in  small  flocks,  but  one  gets  better 
results  if  kept  that  way.  One  yard  of 
B.  Rock  hens  laid  many  weeks  five  dozen 
eggs.  When  I  say  I  have  good  B.  Rocks  I 
am  saying  just  what  I  have.  The  old 
hens  are  laying  and  shedding  feathers  at 
the  same  time,  and  I  have  been  able  to 
keep  all  my  retail  customers  in  good  fresh 
eggs  all  this  Fall  when  eggs  have  been 
scarce  and  high.  I  get  now  55  cents  a 
dozen.  The  feed  is  mixed,  oats,  wheat, 
cracked  corn,  whole  corn,  corn  and  oats 
ground  together  and  the  best  beef  scraps 
I  can  buy.  I  feed  a  warm  mash  in  the 
morning  and  give  oats  and  wheat  in  the 
litter  to  keep  them  scratching,  and  take 
the  chill  off  the  drinking  water,  and  see 
that  they  have  plenty  of  good  clean  water. 

I  buy  very  few  of  the  many  things  ad¬ 
vertised  for  poultry  to  make  them  lay,  and 
many  things  too  numerous  to  mention  to 
make  the  poultryman  successful.  One  thing 
I  have  done  for  the  year  past  is  to  stamp 
my  name  on  every  egg  sold,  and  I  find  it 
has  paid  me  for  so  doing.  I  have  been 
able  to  get  good  customers  for  cash.  Too 
many  people  are  led  to  believe  they  can 
keep  a  large  flock  of  hens  in  the  back¬ 
yard  and  feed  them  cheaply  and  get  large 
returns.  I  think  it  is  not  so,  or  at  least 
I  find  to  be  successful  one  must  love  to 
care  for  them  and  try  to  make  them  tame, 
and  not  get  frightened  at  any  little  thing; 
give  good  care  and  feed  and  just  stay  by 
them,  and  in  the  morning  when  the  sun 
shines  in  upon  them  and  they  are  scratch¬ 
ing  in  the  litter  of  dry  leaves  and  rye  straw 
and  hay  chaff  you  will  hear  them  singing 
that  good  old  hymn  : 

“All  hail  delightful  morn.” 

Massachusetts.  iioracb  g.  case. 


Study  of  a  Hen  Record. 

A  neighbor  of  mine  has  200  yearling  hens 
that  laid  their  first  pullet  egg  on  January 
1,  1911.  He  is  making  a  claim  that  from 
January  1  to  October  1.  they  laid  an  aver¬ 
age  of  294  eggs  per  week,  42  eggs  per  day. 
He  seems  to  be  very  proud  of  this  record, 
but  it  does  not  seem  to  me  to  be  very  high. 
What  do  you  think?  What  do  you  think  of 
the  value  of  burnt  wheat  as  a  poultry 
food  ?  m.  b.  p. 

Stillwater,  N.  Y. 

I  think  the  record  of  your  friend’s  flock 
is  about  the  average  for  pullets  of  mixed 
breeding  and  having  moderately  good  care 
without  any  especial  effort  on  his  part  for 
heavy  laying.  I  have  found  in  such  cases 
where  a  few  birds  begin  laying  in  January, 
that  an  average  of  10  eggs  per  day  from 
200  hens  well  into  March  is  often  the  rule. 
About  that  time  the  general  run  of  them 
get  busy  and  they  are  laying  eight  or  10 
dozen  eggs  a  day.  Then  they  begin  to 
want  to  sit ;  that  is,  the  early  layers  do — - 
and  possibly  will  manage  to  keep  this  rate 
up  through  June.  Through  the  Summer 
they  may  fall  off  to  the  extent  of  laying 
40  down  to  20  eggs  a  day.  Now  let  us 
figure;  from  January  1  to  October  1  is 
nine  months,  and  at  42  eggs  per  day  he 
took  in  about  10.500  eggs.  From  January 
1  to  March  15  he  ought  to  have  got  an 
average  of  10  eggs  per  day,  or  750  eggs. 
From  March  15  to  June  30.  I  think  for 
pullets,  100  eggs  per  day  would  be  fair, 
making  10.500.  From  that  time  on  through 
moulting,  they  must  have’  dropped  off  to  al¬ 
most  10  eggs  a  day  again,  but  ought  to  have 
averaged  20,  giving  us  1,800  more.  This 
brings  us  to  a  total  figured  at  13,050  against 
an  actual  number  of  10.500.  Now  this 
rather  explains  why  the  chicken  business 
doesn’t  turn  out  more  millionaires ;  simply 
because  when  eggs  are  high  the  average 
flock  of  200  is  turning  out  a  measly  10  eggs 
a  day  with  feed  at  its  highest,  and  this 
must  be  a  rather  high  average  for  that  time 
of  the  year  if  their  Spring  laying  can  only 
bring  them  up  to  42  for  the  nine  months. 
Now,  it  isn’t  reasonable  to  suppose  that 
your  neighbor  got  more  than  an  average 
of  16  cents  per  dozen  for  his  10,500,  or 
some  900  dozen  eggs,  or  $144  from  200 
hens  for  the  nine  months  when  they  were 
laying.  The  remaining  three  months  of  the 
year  will  hardly  help  much,  and  out  of 
that  he  pays  for  his  pullets  and  their 
feed  and  care.  How  much  per  head  do 
you  figure  he  makes?  And  yet  when  I  say 
that  I  believe  it  is  an  average  record,  I 
am  simply  stating  what  I  believe  to  be  true, 
that  the  average  keeper  of  200  hens  is 
keening  150  too  many,  and  getting  mighty 
little  for  his  investment.  As  to  burnt 
wheat,  some  people  claim  good  results  from 
using  it,  but  I  think  too  many  records 
like  the  above  are  made  from  not  feeding 
enough  good  sound  grain  to  profitable  hens. 
1  would  rather  not  use  it  unless  you  are 
boarding  a  flock  for  your  health  and  want 
to  do  it  as  cheaply  as  possible  irrespective 
of  egg  production.  Your  friend  deserves 
credit  for  having  the  nerve  to  keep  an  ac¬ 
curate  record  ;  we  need  more  light  of  this 
sort.  r.  b. 


Feeding  for  Eggs. 

I  would  like  advice  relative  to  feeding 
hens  for  egg  production.  It.  I.  Reds  and 
W.  r.  Rocks.  I  have  two  formulas ;  would 
like  to  know  whic*h  to  use  for  best  results. 
Both  are  dry  mash. 

No.  1. 

One  measure  of  cornmeal ;  one  measure 
of  Alfalfa  meal ;  one  measure  of  ground 
oats ;  %  measure  of  beef  scraps ;  two  meas¬ 
ures  of  mixed  feed. 

No.  2. 

Whole  oats,  45  pounds ;  cornmeal,  20 
pounds ;  bran  or  Alfalfa  meal,  15  pounds ; 
milk  albumen,  20-100. 

Massachusetts.  H.  p.  d. 

Your  formula  No.  1  is  very  good,  and  I 
think  it  will  prove  satisfactory  for  laying 
hens.  Of  course,  like  everything  else,  a 
formula  for  dry  mash  must  be  changed  oc¬ 
casionally  if  the  condition  of  the  birds  re¬ 
quires  it.  You  will  no  doubt  get  better 
results  by  increasing  the  amount  of  beef 
scrap  as  soon  as  your  hens  get  to  laying 
heavily.  Your  mixed  feed  is  supposed  to  be 
bran  and  middlings,  equal  parts.  If  the 
ration  as  a  whole  proves  to  be  too  laxative 
you  may  have  to  add  some  more  fine  mid¬ 
dlings  which  will  correct  the  trouble.  If 
this  point  is  overlooked  or  neglected  it  may 
cause  your  stock  to  get  off  condition  and 
result  in  serious  loss.  If  you  find  the  ra¬ 
tion  too  fattening  for  Plymouth  Rocks  and 
Rhode  Island  Reds  you  can  increase  the 
Alfalfa  and  ground  oats;  but  for  the  smaller 
breeds  like  the  Leghorns  this  would  not  be 
necessary.  I  have  never  used  anything 
like  your  formula  No.  2  and  cannot  recom¬ 
mend  it,  as  it  appears  to  be  more  expensive 
than  is  necessary,  and  I  can  see  no  reason 
why  it  should  produce  any  better  results 
than  the  first  formula.  C.  s.  G. 


An  Acre  of  Hens. 

How  many  hens,  Wyandottes,  can  be  kept 
on  four  acres  (good  grass  and  shade),  with 
all  the  advantages  of  free  range?  How 
many  chickens  can  be  raised  each  year  in 
addition?  M-  G-  D- 

New  Jersey. 

This  is  a  difficult  question  to  answer, 
because  so  much  depends  on  conditions. 
An  acre  is  209  feet  square.  If  it  is  good 
strong  grass  land,  100  to  150  liens  might 
be  kept  on  an  acre  without  destroying  the 
grass  or  undulv  fouling  the  soil.  I  think 
it  would  be  better  to  plow  up  part  of  the 
land,  plant  corn  and  let  the  hens  run  in 
it  after  the  corn  is  eight  or  10  inches  high. 
Hens  need  some  bare  ground  to  scratch 
and  wallow  in.  Young  chickens  do  much 
better  on  bare  ground  unless  the  coops 
and  yards  are  moved  every  day  or  two. 
The  grass  becomes  matted  down  and  fouled 
with  the  droppings,  while  with  bare  ground 
they  are  scratched  in  and  mixed  with  the 
soil.  Dr.  Buchanan  Burr  would  put  a  two- 
story  “barn”  in  the  middle  of  the  four 
acres,  run  fences  from  each  corner  of  the 
"barn”  to  the  corners  of  the  lot,  and  plow 
and  seed  rye,  barley,  oats,  etc.,  in  each  lot, 
letting  the  hens  run  in  one  lot  until  it 
was  fed  down,  then  change  them  to  another 
and  reseed  the  first,  and  so  on ;  and  he 
would  keep  one  thousand  fowls  on  the  four 
acres,  and  claim  he  had  all  the  advan¬ 
tages  of  free  range.  geo.  a.  cosgrove. 


Farm  Poultry  Storage. 

The  price  of  chickens  is  very  low  at  this 
time  of  the  year.  Would  it  not  pay  to  put 
them  on  ice  until  early  Spring  or  late 
Winter,  and  if  so  can  they  be  packed  with¬ 
out  taking  the  inside  parts  out,  or  must 
these  be  taken  out?  Would  it  make  any 
difference  whether  the  chickens  were  dry- 
picked  or  not,  and  how  should  they  be 
packed  ?  a.  h. 

New  Jersey. 

Foultry  stored  commercially  to  keep  sev¬ 
eral  weeks  or  months  is  frozen  solid.  In 
farm  practice  this  would  bo  possible  only 
in  a  very  cold  snap.  Packing  in  cracked 
ice  or  storing  in  boxes  in  an  ordinary  ice¬ 
house  would  be  suitable  for  only  a  short 
time.  There  is  very  little  difference  in 
keeping  quality  between  dry-picked  and 
scalded,  provided  the  scalding  is  not  over¬ 
done.  In  some  places  the  law  forbids  the 
sale  of  dressed  poultry  unless  drawn,  but 
otherwise  it  is  customary  to  put  away  just 
as  killed,  with  head  and  feet  on  and  insides 
intact.  One  important  thing  is  to  be  sure 
that  all  animal  heat  is  out  before  packing 
away.  Considerable  poultry  shipped  to 
market  is  spoiled  because  packed  while 
warm.  Chemists  have  learned  during  the 
past  three  years  that  poultry  stored  for 
several  months,  even  under  most  favorable 
conditions  may  develop  qualities  that  are 
unwholesome  if  not  dangerous  to  life. 
Cases  of  ptomaine  poisoning  from  stored 
poultry  have  been  frequent.  It  stands  next 
to  storage  fish  in  this  matter.  On  the 
whole  we  do  not  consider  the  storage  of 
poultry  advisable  unless  there  are  facilities 
for  getting  a  temperature  that  will  freeze 
the  fowls  solid. 


Cost  of  a  Henhouse. 

Will  L.  B.  Thatcher  of  New  Jersey  tell 
us  what  it  cost  for  boards,  frame,  paper 
and  roofing  paper  for  his  Corning  style  hen¬ 
house  40x16?  How  high  is  it  in  front  and 
rear  above  the  four-foot  posts?  What  time 
did  it  take  to  build  it?  If  his  house,  40x16, 
houses  300  hens,  would  such  a  house  COxlG 
house  500  safely?  w.  L.  C. 

Dwight,  Mass. 

The  Corning  house  is  nine  feet  above 
posts  in  front  and  seven  feet  in  rear,  out¬ 
side  measurement,  it  will  take  about  125 
feet  of  boards  and  frame  timber,  and  50 
feet  of  roofing  paper  per  running  foot  of 
house.  A  carpenter  built  ours  for  $1.56 
per  running  foot.  A  good  two-ply  roofing 
paper  costs  us  one  cent  per  foot.  With 
lumber  at  $25  per  1.000  it  would  make 
this  house  cost  about  $5.25  per  running  foot. 
Unless  W.  L.  C.  is  an  experienced  poultrv- 
man  I  would  not  advise  him  to  start  with 
over  300  birds  in  this  proposed  60-foot  house. 
He  may  be  able  to  increase  the  number 
each  year,  and  after  a  few  years  reach  the 
500  mark.  The  number  of  birds  that  may 
be  safely  and  profitably  carried  in  a  house 
is  dependent  upon  many  things,  some  of 
which  are  style  of  house,  breed,  weather 
conditions,  and  more  than  all,  the  experi¬ 
ence  and  judgment  of  the  poultrvman.  Of 
the  weather  we  have  no  control.  Here  we 
have  many  days  in  the  late  Fall  and  early 
Spring  of  rain,  dampness  and  humidity. 


when  even  the  few  sunbeams  look  wet. 
This  is  what  will  test  the  house  and  the 
poultryman's  ability.  The  house  and  litter 
has  to  be  kept  dry,  and  the  air  sweet  and 
fresh.  Maintain  this  condition  in  the  house 
and  500  birds  will  be  as  safe  and  profitable 
as  300,  200  or  100.  L.  B.  THATCHER. 

New  Jersey. 


In  reply  to  your  request  for  the  truth 
about  Indian  Runner  ducks,  February  8  I 
bought  a  trio  for  $6.28.  One  of  the  ducks 
began  laying  February  14,  the  other  one 
March  15.  The  first  one  to  November  16 
laid  213  eggs,  the  other  quit  October  16 
after  laying  147  eggs.  We  hatched  out 
under  hens  140  ducklings,  of  which  we 
lost  about  half ;  rats,  turtles,  and  the  hens 
tramping  some.  These  young  ducks  have 
laid  17  eggs,  none  laying  at  present.  We 
have  eaten  some  of  the  drakes,  the  meat 
fine-grained,  juicy  and  of  excellent  flavor. 
The  canvasback  has  nothing  on  the  Indian 
Runner  roasted.  R.  w.  s. 

Ilollidaysburg,  Fa. 


I  am  very  much  interested  in  the  “In¬ 
ternational  Egg-laying  Contest.”  I  think 
those  who  wait  for  the  Leghorns  to  “shut 
up  like  a  jack  knife  when  zero  weather 
comes”  may  get  left.  I  have  kept  an  egg 
record  on  seven  Buff  Leghorns  the  past 
year  and  will  give  it  commencing  December 
4,  1910,  and  ending  December  3,  1911  :  De¬ 
cember,  1910.  18  eggs ;  January,  1911,  138 ; 
February,  139 ;  March,  139 ;  April,  148 ; 
May,  125;  June,  75;  July,  98;  August,  87; 
September,  84 ;  October,  30 ;  November,  31 ; 
December,  2;  total,  1114;  average,  159.01. 
Not  a  large  individual  record,  but  the  point 
is  they  laid  in  the  Winter,  and  were  kept 
in  an  open  front  house,  with  a  curtain  at 
front  kept  closed  nights  and  stormy  days 
when  the  wind  was  in  the  south. 

Massachusetts.  c.  c.  M.,  jr. 


The  following  are  prices  obtained  for 
farm  produce,  etc.,  in  this  section  of  the 
country :  Good  fat  hogs,  $5.90  to  $6  per 
100  pounds  ;  fat  cattle,  $6.25  to  $6.50  ;  fat 
lambs,_  $4.75  to  $4.85;  wheat,  95  cents; 
corn,  53  cents;  chickens,  12  cents  a  pound; 
eggs,  33  cents  a  dozen  ;  country  butter,  24 
cents  a  pound ;  Timothy  hay,  $20  a  ton ; 
clover,  $15;  Alfalfa,  $18.  We  seldom  have 
auction  sales  in  this  part  of  the  country. 
There  are  a  great  many  buyers  of  live 
stock,  hay,  grain,  etc.,  throughout  all  this 
section,  and  we  might  further  say  that  this 
part  of  Ohio  is  noted  for  its  fine  cattle, 
hogs,  wheat,  corn,  hay,  poultry,  etc.  Nearly 
all  the  farmers  here  are  working  along  mod¬ 
ern  and  scientific  lines,  being  of  the  pro¬ 
gressive  kind,  and  a  very  great  per  cent  of 
them,  due  to  their  progressive  manner  of 
farming,  are  owners  of  automobiles.  This 
should  be  pretty  good  evidence  to  you  that 
this  is  a  thrifty  section  of  our  great  com¬ 
monwealth  of  Ohio.  j.  a.  H. 

Greenfield,  O. 


T  Me  Send 

You  Proof 


There  Is  nothing  like  being  snre. 
I  will  prove  that  my  famous  incu¬ 
bator— price  only  87.55,  freight  pre¬ 
paid,  sold  onl,2,or  3  months  home 
; — will  out-liatch  any  machine  made,  no 
matter  what  kind  or  price.  Don’t  you  want 
be  sure!  Why  pay  more  than  my  price  for 
any  machine  defeated  by  my 

World’s  Champion 

140-Eggxe$n55 
Incubator 

which  is  easiest  to  operate,  surest  of 
results.  Let  me  send  you  proof  in  my 
big  portfolio,  “Hatehinic  Facta”— it  carries  all  the  evi. 
dence— tells  you  how  to  start  in  the  poultry  business  on- 
a  profit-making  basis  at  a  small  outlay.  Has  double  walls 
and  door— and  dead  air  Bpace 
all  over,  copper  tank,  hot 
water  heater,  self-regu  Iator,‘  ‘Ty- 
cos’’  thermometer,  egg-tester, 
safety  lamp,  nursery,  high  legs. 

My  140-chick  Brooder 
double  wall, hot  water,  top  heat 
84.85  Guaranteed  best  brooder 
made.  $11.50  gets  complete 
outfit  when  ordered  together, 
freight  prepaid.  My  portfolio 
proves  all.  If  In  a  hurry  order 
kriglit  from 

th  is  ad  on  Home  Test  Plan  —thou, 
sands  do.  I  guarantee  satis¬ 
faction  or  return  money. 

JIM  ROHAN,  President 

Belle  City  Incubator  Company 
_ Box  48  Racine,  Wis,  , 

> 

A  WINNER 

In  1911 

National 
Hatching 
Contest 


¥.85 

140-Chick  Brooder 


Mrs.  J.  B.  Stevenson,  of  Lockney, 
•  with  her  140  ckk  Ironclad  wins 
U?  Valley  Farmer’s  Bitf  Hatching: 
Iron  test.  Her  records  were  142  i-ggs 
?®t,  3  tested  out,  137  chicks  hatched: 
143  egg-s  set.  6  tested  out.  135  chicks 
hatched.  Think  of  that!  You  can 
now  get  these  famous  winners— 


Egg  Incubator 
Chick  Broador 


BOTH  $1Q— 


Ironclad 

Box  90 


If  ordered  together.  80  Days  Frtight 
trial— 6  year  Guarantee.  Order  Paid 
direct— money  back  if  not  sat-  *  , 

isractory.  Incubator  is  Caiif.  fcaSI  0T 
Redwood  covered  with  Galvan-  Rnpbipc 
ized  iron,  triple  walls,  copper 
tank,  nursery  egjr  tester.  Set  up  ready 
to  run.  Brooder  with 
wire  yard.  Roomy  well 
made.  Order  from  this 
adv.  Catalogue  Free,  g\mw§ 

Incubator  Co.  > 

Racine,  Wls. 


POULTRY  COURSE 

THE  15777  ANNUAL 

Poultry  Class  of  the  Rhode  Island  State  College 
will  be  held  January  3  to  February  16  inclusive 

We  teach  all  branches  ofpoultry  keeping,  Class  Work,  Lect¬ 
ures  andDcmonstrations,Pen  Practice,  Incubator  and  Brooder 
Operations  for  each  student.  This  is  a  chance  to  learn  poultry 
keeping  and  a  good  place  to  live  for  six  weeks  this  winter. 
Terms  moderate.  Write  for  particulars. 

Pres.  Howard  Edwards,  Kingston,  K.  I. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 

KEYSTONE  POULTRY  FOODS 

Increase  profits.  Expert  poultrymen  use 
them  year  after  year  and  will  accept  no 
substitute.  Profit  by  their  experience.  Use 
Keystone  Poultry,  Pigeon  and  Chick  Foods, 
m ifdm  Exactly  as  represented.  Ouce  tried,  always 
■V  used.  Write  for  Free  Souvenir,  and  book- 
let.  Do  it  now. 

Taylor  Bros.,  10  Market  St.,  Camden, N.  J. 


k>l  AK  A-81IEL  SOLUBLE 
^Roughest  grit  on  earth.  In¬ 
creases  egg  production. 

.  The  original  silica  grit. 

,  Avoid  substitutes.  Ask 
your  local  dealer  or 
send  $1.00  for  two 
100-lb.  bags  f.  o.  b. 


Box  J 


GRIT 

cars.  Agents  wanted 

EDGE  HILL  SILICA  ROCK  CO. 

Now  Brunswick,  N.  J 


POULTRYMENifa^fo|cdsetsacri?ifor  I1,nstrated 


EAST  DONEGAL  POULTRY  YARDS 


ling  35  varieties. 

MARIETTA,  PA. 


MacKellar’s  Charcoal 

For  Poultry  is  best.  Coarse  or  fine  granulated,  also 
powdered.  Buy  direct  from  largest  manufacturers  of 
Charcoal  Products.  Ask  for  prices  and  samples.  Est.  1844 

R.  MacKELLAR’S  SONS  CO.,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 


S.  C.  W.  LEGHORNS 

Hatching  Eggs  from  selected  yearling  breeders. 
Choice  breeding  stock  at  reasonable  prices.  250 
acres  devoted  to  Leghorns  of  exceptional  quality 
and  vigor.  Send  for  circular.  JIT.  PLEASANT 
FARM,  Box  Y,  Havre  de  Grace,  JId. 


SINGLE  COMB  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

Choice  lot  Yearling  Hens,  Early  Pullets  and  Cock¬ 
erels;  any  quantity  at  attractive  prices;  bred-to-lay 
kind.  SUNNY  HILL  FARM,  Flemington,  N.  J. 


Cnflfl  Single-Combed  White  Leghorns,  Barred 
U  U  U  U  P'y™011*!1  Rocks,  Imperial  Pekin  Ducks, 
Bronze  Turkeys  and  Guinea  Hens  at 
nght  prices.  Yeanlings,  pullets,  cocks  or  cockerels. 
Order  at  once  for  best  selections.  Largest  success 
ftil  poultry  plant  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City. 
Agents  Cyphers’  Incubators. 

BONNIE  BRAE  POULTRY  FARM  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 


S,  C.  WHITE  LEGHORNS^XAS! 

erels  for  breeding.  Price  right  for  quality. 

WHITE  &  KICK,  YOKKTOWN,  N.  V. 

inf!  YEARLING  WHITE  LEGHORN  HENS 

IUU  and  Pullets — White  Orpingtons,  White  Ply. 
Rocks,  Rhode  island  Reds.  E.  G,  TUCKER, 
Jefferson  County,  Philadelphia,  N.  Y. 


S.  C,  WHITE  LEGHORN “Si 

true  Leghorn  type  and  from  the  heavy  laying 
Sterling’’  strain.  200  grand  utility  cockerels,  some 
good  enough  to  exhibit.  100  two-year  old  hens.  Write 
us.  W.  STERLING  &  SONS,  Cutchogue,  N.  Y. 

BREEDING  COCKERELS”^ h™]“ 

horn  youngsters  of  exceptional  vigor  from  hens  of 
excellent  egg  yields,  for  utility  purposes,  at  $2.00  to 
$5.00  each.  Maple  Glen  Poultry  Farm,  Millerton,  N.  Y. 

Of)  EGGS  $1.00 — Leading  varieties,  52  breeds.  Prize  Poul- 
AU  try,  Pigeons,  Hares,  etc.  Booklet  flee.  large  illus. 
trated  descriptive  Catalog  10c.  F.  G.  WILE,  Telford,  Pa- 


BUFF  ROCK  PULLETS,  Cockerels,  Hens  and  Cocks. 

Large,  healthy,  vigorous  stock.  Grand  size  ami 
color.  Heavy  layers.  Four  Acres,  Nutley,  N.J. 


QPFHIAI  (BARRED  ROCKS  AND  PARTRIDGE  COCHINS 

J  Pullets  $2.00,  Cockerels  $3.00  to  $5.00. 
flCCCD  |  Some  good  enough  for  exhibition, 
urrtn  (and  all  good  utility  stock.  .'. 

MINCH  BROS.,  Route  3,  Bridgeton,  N 


J. 


BARRED  ROCKS,  Runner  Ducks,  Toulouse  Geese. 
Bred-to-lay  strains.  Nelson’s,  Grove  City,  Pa. 

MAMMOTH  PEKIN  DUCKS-^M” 

ing  and  vigor— trio,  $6.00 ;  one  drake,  $4.00;  ducks, 
$1.50  apiece.  Trio  Berkshire  Pigs.  12  weeks  old, 

$20.00.  Cherry  Hill  Fruit  Farm,  Toboso,  Licking  Co.,  Ohio. 


Rose  Comb  Reds-Indian  Runner  Ducks 

High-class  breeders  and  young  stock  for  show, 
utility  and  export.  May  return  at  my  expense  if  not 
satisfactory.  Sinclair  Smith,  602  Fifth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


THE  FARMER'S  FOWL— Rose  Comb  Reds,  best  winter 
layers  on  earth.  Eggs,  $1.00  per  15.  Catalogue 
free.  THOS.  WILDER,  Route  1,  Richland,  N.  Y. 


flRP  NfiTflKK  Cockerels,  Pullets,  Hens  and 
Urirl  llu  I  URO  Cocks  from  heavy  laying  strain 

Will  make  excellent  breeders  and  show  birds.  All 
Stock  guaranteed.  Prices  reasonable. 

F.  F.  ANDREW,  Philadelphia,  Jeff.  Co.,  N.  Y. 


S.  C.  BLACK  ORPINGTONS 

Prices  reasonable.  E.  W.  SLATE,  South  Hammond,  H.  Y. 


White  Holland  Turkeys-SM^^fSi 

breeding;  hundreds  of  unsolicited  testimonials 
from  all  parts  of  U.  S.  Early  orders  for  best 
prices.  H.  W.  ANDERSON,  Stkwartstown,  Pa. 

Best  white  Holland  turkeys,  white  Wyandotte  cock 

erels  and  Toulouse  Geese,  for  sale.  Prices  low  for 
quality.  £,  SCHIEBEB,  R  FI)  2,  Bucyrus,0. 

Beautiful  White  Holland  TURKEYS  For  Sale 

WILL  SELL  NOW  at  $4.00  aud  $5.00. 

LESLIE  VOSBURGH,  R.  D.  1,  Locust  Place,  Canajoharie,  N.  Y' 

GIANT  BRONZE  TURKEYS  ^r,?^ 

Pullets.  Grand  Stock  at  Farmers’  prices* 
H.  J,  VAN  DYKE,  GETTYSBURG,  Pa. 

PURE  BRED  BRONZE  TURKEYS  FOR  SALE-Prize  winners. 
Stamp.  Mrs.  Harriet  Chumbley,  Draper,  Va. 

I?0R  SALE — 100  White  Wyandotte  Pullets  hatched 
March  andl  April,  laying  3  doz.  per  day,  $1.50. 
each.  Address  Chas.  Carr,  Egg  Harbor  City,  N.  J. 


KEAN’S  WHITE  WYANDOTTES 

Extra  fine  Cockerels  ready  for  sorvice,  $3.00  each. 
Pullets,  $2.00  each.  Guaranteed  to  satisfy  the  most 
fastidious.  Also  Choice  Indian  Runner  Brakes, 
$2.00  each.  E.  FRANKLIN  KEAN,  Stanley,  N.Y. 


MAK 


HENS 


Lots  of  eggs  by  feeding  green  bone  fresh  cut,  because  It  is  rich  In  protein  and  all  other 
.egg  elements.  You  get  twice  the  eggs— more  fertile;  vigorous  chicks;  earlier  broilers; 
heavier  fowls;  MAMMPG  LATEST  DAur  PIITTCB  cuts  all  kinds 
bigger  profits.  ITIftlllW  ©  MODEL  DUIlk  UU  I  I  til  of  bone,  with 
adhering  meat  and  gristle,  easy,  fast  and  fine.  Automatic  feed;  open  hopper;  never  clogs. 
Book  free.  1j)vJays’  Freo  Trial.  No  money  In  advance. 

W,  Mann  Co,,  Box  15  IN/I i I fo rd,  Ma 


1240 


THE  RUKAt  NEW-YORKER 


PUBLISHER’S  DESK 


Dear  Sir :  I  see  in  your  edition  of  De¬ 
cember  16,  page  1206,  a  statement  that  my 
name  has  been  used  as  a  director  of  the 
“First  Burbank  Timber  Company.”  This 


A  Happy  New  Year  to  all  friends  of  is  the  first  intimation  1  have  ever  had  that 
Publisher’s  Desk,  and  wit'h  it  goes  our 
best  wishes  for  a  prosperous  year  to 


come. 

Our  old  friends  will  remember  that 
we  are  always  concerned  about  the  first 
mail  of  the  new  year.  We  take  it  as  a 
vote  of  confidence  from  our  friends.  It 
has  never  failed  us  yet.  Year  after 
year  the  first  mail  after  New  Year’s  Day 
has  given  encouragement  for  an  honest 
effort  to  serve  the  people.  We  say  ef- 


my  name  was  in  any  way  connected  with 
this  company.  In  fact  I  had  never  heal'd  of 
the  company  before  seeing  the  article  on 
the  subject  in  the  copy  of  your  paper  to 
which  I  have  referred.  Any  use  of  my 
name  in  connection  with  it  has  been  en¬ 
tirely  unauthorized  by  me.  There  is  no 
way  in  which  I  can  prevent  the  printing 
of  my  name  by  a  concern  of  this  kind,  but 
I  take  this  opportunity  to  disclaim  all  con¬ 
nection  with  it.  I  shall  be  indebted  to  you 
for  publishing  this  statement. 

Cornell  University.  t.  l.  lyon. 

Prof.  Lyon's  name  was  not  given  as 
a  director.  By  reference  to  page  1206, 
you  will  see  that  he  appears  in  the  Bur- 


fort  advisedly,  because  we  know  it  is  bank  Company  prospectus  as  one  of  a 

not  without  fault.  Our  only  apology  board  of  experts  on  operation.  This 

is  that  it  is  the  best  we  were  able  to  do  prompt  and  frank  repudiation  of  the  use 

for  the  time  being.  We  can  promise  °f  his  name  is  just  what  we  expected 

no  more  for  the  future,  but  hope  that  from  Prof.  Lyon,  but  we  wanted  it  to 

with  added  experience  we  may  increase  fOIT*e  voluntarily.  Some  time  back  we 

the  efficiency  of  an  honest  effort  to  e^petr.lence  fwlth  ano,ther 

.  ,  ,  .  ,  concern,  and  wrote  the  professors  whose 

produce  a  paper  to  champion  the  cause  names  wcre  thus  uscd>  and  we  were  ac_ 

and  seive  the  rightful  interests  of  the  cused  of  intimidating  them,  and  forcing 

farm.  If  any  farmer  feels  in  his  heart  them  by  threats  of  publicity  and  criti- 

after  reading  the  paper  that  it  does  not  cism  to  withdraw  from  the  connection. 

have  the  elements  of  sincerity  in  sup-  Prom  now  on  we  propose  to  give  the 

port  of  his  best  interests,  then  our  ad-  facts  as  we  find  them,  and  let  the  em- 

vice  to  him  would,  frankly,  be  to  drop  iuent  instructors  whose  names  and  insti- 

it.  A  false  friend  is  more  dangerous  tut.1(?ns  are  used  to,  Promote  get-rich- 

-T-  ,  quick  concrns  speak  for  themselves, 

that  an  open  foe.  Our  mail  Tuesday  Prof  W  P  Brooks  and  Prof.  G.  F. 

morning  next  will  tell  the  story.  It  will,  Warren  have  informed  us  also  that  the 
as  heretofore,  indicate  the  results  of  the  use  of  their  names  by  this  concern  was 
year  to  followr.  As  the  mail  is  opened  entirely  unauthorized 

tlie  morning  after  New  Year's  Day  xhis  is  not  the  first  timc  tllat  these 

State  and  National  institutions  support¬ 
ed  by  the  people  have  been  used,  through 
the  teachers  connected  with  them,  as 
confidence  dope  to  extract  money  from 
confiding  and  gullible  people.  Nearly 
two  years  ago  we  called  the  attention 
of  the  teachers  in  these  and  other  sim¬ 
ilar  agricultural  schools  to  the  use  be¬ 
ing  made  of  their  names  by  E.  G.  Lewis, 
through  his  affiliation  with  the  Home 
Correspondence  School  of  Springfield, 
Mass.  Some  of  them  withdrew ;  others 
split  hairs  and  withdrew  their  names, 
but  continued  the  service ;  others  had 
the  temerity  to  make  excuses  and  apolo¬ 
gies  and  brazenly  continued  their  iden- 


the  renewals  will  be  couyted  as  votes  of 
confidence,  and  in  advance  we  thank 
those  who  register  that  vote. 

If  you  should  happen  to  write  this 
department  and  get  no  reply  please  do 
not  hesitate  to  remind  us  of  it.  The 
purpose  is  to  reply  promptly  to  every 
inquiry.  But  the  mail  is  large,  and  an 
oversight  may  at  times  occur.  If  it  hap¬ 
pens,  we  want  you  to  know  that  it  is 
an  oversight. 

A  fanner  took  an  extra  big  load  of  spe¬ 
cially  selected  corn  to  the  Columbus  market 
and  was  offered  two  cents  a  bushel  above 
the  market  price,  which  he  accepted,  and 
was  instructed  to  unload  at  a  certain  ele-  . 

vator.  The  buyer  accompanied  the  farmer  tity  with  the  scheme  until  the  money 
to  the  elevator,  and  after  weighing  went  to  f  ' 

the  office,  got  his  pay  for  the  load,  and  left. 

The  farmer  got  nothing.  Another  farmer 
was  robbed  of  a  load  of  hay  iii  the  same 
way.  w.  h.  s. 

Ohio. 


failed  to  come  in  return  for  the  serv¬ 
ices.  All  this  in  face  of  the  fact  that 
we  proffered  evidence  of  victims  within 
the  very  shadow  of  the  college  build¬ 
ings  to  pro\  e  the  way  they  had  been 
These  farmers  were  easy.  There  are  allured  to  part  with  their  savings,  and 
times  when  even  a  man  of  peace  is  un-  in  some  cases  where  the  dupes  had 


der  obligation  to  fight  for  his  rights, 
and  we  are  frank  to  say  that  there 
ought  to  have  been  a  fight  or  a  foot  race 
as  a  part  of  that  performance.  The 


parted  with  their  last  dollar  and  became 
a  town  charge.  That  was  not  all.  We 
tried  to  correct  these  abuses  without 
disagreeable  publicity,  and  our  private 


lesson,  however,  is  to  see  the  money  in  letters  were  turned  over  to  the  promot- 
sight  before  property  is  turned  over  to 
strangers. 


ers  of  the  scheme,  and  every  possible 
device  of  cunning  and  contortion  of 
word  and  fact  used  to  misrepresent  our 
purpose  in  the  matter  and  encourage 
and  prosecute  libel  suits  against  us.  We 
propose  to  profit  by  experience.  We 
have  no  apologies  for  the  past.  We 
simply  did  a  duty  to  the  people,  and  in 
attempting  it  we  expected  the  apprecia- 
We  were  unable  to  get  any  reply  from  Lon  of  those  who  turned  or.  us  and  bid 


On  April  29  I  sent  one  case  of  eggs  to 
W.  W.  Wright  of  the  Clearfield  Butter  & 
Kgg  Company.  1694  Rroadway,  Brooklyn, 
N.  V.  I  have  not  heard  from  him,  although 
I  have  written  twice.  Can  you  help  me 
to  collect?  It  is  a  small  matter,  but  I 
need  it  as  much  as  he  does.  l.  m.  h. 

New  York. 


Mr.  Wright,  and  when  we  called  him 
on  the  telephone  were  advised  that  it 
had  been  discontinued.  Our  attorney 
undertook  to  look  .him  up,  but  was  un¬ 
able  to  find  him,  and  at  the  address 
given  no  one  seemed  to  know  where  he 
had  gone.  We  are  now  informed  that 
he  is  bankrupt  and  has  no  assets.  Of 
course  we  could  not  make  a  collection. 

We  are  giving  this  history  because  we 
had  occasion  to  refer  to  his  methods 
some  time  back,  and  if  he  should  again 
solicit  shipments  our  people  will  be  wise 
as  to  his  practices. 

Why  don’t  I  see  the  advertisement  of  the 
Wm.  Galloway  Co.,  Waterloo,  Iowa,  in  The 
Rural  New-Yorker?  He  is  in  most  other 
papers.  Is  there  anything  wrong? 

Pennsylvania.  a.  g.  m. 

We  have  no  objection  to  the  advertis¬ 
ing  of  Mr.  Galloway’s  machinery  ad¬ 
vertisements  ;  but  the  stock-selling  scheme 
that  he  has  been  promoting  does  not  ap¬ 
peal  to  us,  and  we  could  not  recom¬ 
mend  the  stock  investment  to  farmers,  horticultural  teacher  may  innocently  ac- 
On  the  contrary,  our  advice  to  them  is  cept  a  commission  for  service  to  them 
to  keep  out  of  such  propositions.  If  in  his  line.  No  harm  in  that,  surely, 
our  people  see  the  machinery  advertise-  But,  bless  their  confiding  and  gullible 
tnent  in  The  R.  N.-Y.,  while  it  would  souls,  these  promoters  care  nothing  for 
have  no  reference  to  the  stock  proposi-  their  chemistry,  or  their  knowledge  of 
tion  our  friends  may  be  led  to  invest  in  plants.  They  want  to  make  a  showing 
the  stock  on  the  assumption  that  the  in  their  prospectus,  and  in  their  adver- 
appearance  of  the  advertisement  was  tisements.  They  do  not  care  so  much 
a  virtual  indorsement  of  anything  the  for  the  name  of  the  individual.  They 
company  sold  our  people.  Frankly,  we  want  the  prestige  of  the  college  or  in¬ 
think  there  would  be  some  justification  stitution  to  which  they  belong.  Therj, 
for  this  kind  of  reasoning,  and  we  do  they  say  to  the  people :  “See  who  is  with 
not  wish  to  assume  the  responsibility,  us !  Do  you  think  Cornell,  or  Amherst, 
This  company  has  issued  tons  of  liter-  or  Columbia  Colleges  would  indorse  our 
ature  to  persuade  farmers  to.  buy  the  plan,  if  it  were  not  sound  and  honest?” 
stock  of-  the  company,  but  we  have  seen  These  are  the  uses  made  of  these  names, 
nothing  yet  that  would  justify  us  in  rec-  These  are  the  facts  that  we  have  tried 
ommending  the  investment.  and  tried  in  vain  to  force  privately  on 


us  at  our  peril  not  to  interfere  with  their 
petty  graft.  Now  we  propose  to  tell  the 
facts  as  they  come  to  us  and  let  emi¬ 
nent  instructors  speak  for  themselves. 
If  they  have  any  defense  to  make  these 
columns  are  open  to  them,  and  notice  is 
given  now  that  this  subject  is  only  just 
begun. 

We  want  to  be  clearly  understood. 
Prof.  Lyon  is  plainly  blameless  for  the 
use  of  his  name  by  the  Burbank  Com¬ 
pany,  though  there  is  a  way  to  prevent 
the  use  of  his  name  in  the  future  by  this 
concern.  We  have  never  known  his 
name  to  be  connected  with  any  other 
concern,  and  we  believe  him  to  be  too 
high  class  a  man  knowingly  to  permit 
the  use  of  his  name  in  any  way  to  de¬ 
lude  the  people.  The  same  thing  is  true 
of  many  other  teachers  who  are  at  times 
innocently  drawn  into  these  schemes. 
At  first  sight  a  chemist  sees  no  harm 
in  accepting  an  engagement  to  analyze 
soil  for  a  land-promoting  concern;  a 


the  attention  of  eminent  educators  in 
our  public  institutions.  Now  we  are 
going  to  try  it  in  a  different  way.  If  the 
people  want  this  collusion  and  affilia¬ 
tion  of  their  colleges  with  fake  schemes 
to  go  on,  they  will  probabl  -  fail  to  re¬ 
new  their  subscription  to  The  R.  N.-Y. 
No  other  publisher  will  invite  a  similar 
fate,  and  the  subtle  schemes  to  separate 
honest  people  from  their  savings  will 
go  on  rejoicing.  But  we  will  wait  and 
see.  _  j.  j.  d. 

Garget. 

I  have  a  cow  six  years  old,  a  Jersey  and 
a  good  one.  Two  years  ago  her  udder,  be¬ 
fore  she  came  fresh,  swelled  up  very  large, 
and  she  lost  one  teat.  This  year  it  did  the 
same,  and  the  milk  seems  to  stop ;  could 
only  get  enough  for  the  calf  for  the  first 
week ;  then  it  came  all  right,  but  the  one 
teat.  Now  the  teat  next  to  it  is  nearly 
dry.  She  has  been  fresh  five  months.  The 
milk  is  good.  What  is  wrong,  and  can  I 
cure  it?  j.  h.  m. 

Pennsylvania. 

She  has  suffered  from  attacks  of  garget 
(mammitis)  and  in  consequence  two  of  the 
quarters  have  lost  their  milk-secreting  func¬ 
tion.  This  condition  is  incurable,  and  for 
that  reason  the  cow  should  be  fattened  off 
for  slaughter.  It  does  not  pay  to  keep  an 
affected  cow.  Properly  treated  at  the  out¬ 
set.  the  trouble  might  have  been  prevented 
from  causing  loss  of  the  quarters.  See  re¬ 
cent  answers  as  to  treatment  of  garget. 

Indigestion. 

Can  you  tell  me  what  ails  my  mare?  She 
used  to  be  in  quite  good  flesh,  but  since  last 
Spring  has  grown  poor.  She  eats  well ;  in 
fact,  greedily.  When  not  at  work  she  will 
clean  up  12  quarts  of  feed  a  day  (hay  at 
night),  and  is  never  satisfied.  Feed  con¬ 
sists  of  bran  and  corn. and  oats  ground  to¬ 
gether;  weight  of  mare,  about  1200.  She 
eats  up  all  the  woodwork  in  the  stable, 
gnaws  the  bark  off  trees,  and  is  continu¬ 
ally  biting  (not  licking,  but  drawing  her 
teeth  over)  iron,  stone  or  wood  posts.  I 
have  very  little  use  for  horse,  so  she  stands 
in  stable  a  great  deal.  l.  r.  m. 

Connecticut. 

If  a  horse  does  not  work,  neither  should 
he  eat — much,  and  never  should  he  eat 
ground  food  if  his  .teeth  are  fit  to  masti¬ 
cate  whole  oats.  Turn  the  horse  out  of 
doors  and  do  not  let  her  stand  a  single  day 
idle  in  the  stable.  If  she  cannot  be  worked 
every  day,  she  must  run  out  doors  for  abun¬ 
dant  exercise.  Stop  all  grain  food  for  a 
time  and  substitute  hay,  corn  fodder  and 
roots.  Allow  free  access  to  rock  salt.  As 
soon  as  the  animal  is  doing  -well,  feed  whole 
oats,  bran  and  hay.  Some  ears  of  corn  may 
be  allowed  at  noon  in  cold  weather.  Do  not 
give  medicine  of  any  sort.  a.  s.  a. 


December  30, 

When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Tun 
R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


IDEAL  FEED  MILLS 


For  over  forty  years 
we  have  made  a 
business  of  building 
Feed  Mills,  with  the 
result  that  our  present 
tvpes  of  machines  em¬ 
body  all  good  features, 
and  are  built  with  a 
view  of  easy  o aera¬ 
tion ,  long  life  and  large 
capacity.  We  have 
them  for  all  classes  of 
grinding. 

Send  for  catalog. 


AlsoWindmills.  Pump  Jacks  and  Gasoline  Engines 


STOVER  MANUFACTURING  CO. 
188  Ideal  Ave„  Freeport,  111. 


FOR  MENDING  HARNESS 

Ittakes  »  shoes,  tents,  awnings,  pulley  bolts,  car- 
a  wax  pets,  saddles,  suit  cases,  buggy  tops, 

thread,  dash  boards,  or  any  heavy  material, 

feeds  Stewabt' a  Automatic 

from  spool  and  Awl  is  the  only  per- 

does  the  work  of  7b(W_fect  Sowing 

any  harness  maker  il/TO Awl. 

machine.  It  is  i nd i vfrTaPfcu?; 1  ,  A>y 
pensablo  for  farmers. 

Agents  wanted.  Sent  prepaid  A 

for  $1.25.  Send  at  once  for  f* 

natal og.  STEWART-SKINhER  00.  JM 

35  Hermon  Street,  Worcester,  Mass. 


AUTOS 


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Used  cars  rebuilt  and  guaranteed  by  manu¬ 
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Stoddard  Motor  Co. ,  229  W.  57th  St. ,  New  York 

$3,000,000 

Will  be  saved  this  winter  to  the 
15,000  users  of  Indiana  Silos.  Are 
you  getting  your  share?  There 
is  another  winter  coming.  Our 

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Indiana  Silos  now  in  use. 

SILO  .PROFITS 

Written  by  over  two  hundred  of  the  best  breeders, 
feeders  and  farmers  in  the  world.  "Telia  how  they 
greatly  increased  their  profits.”  JKS"  Write  for  this 
valuable  book  and  our  new  catalog  now— FREE. 

Licensed  under  Harder  Patent  No.  627.732. 

INDIANA  SILO  COMPANY 

The  largest  manufacturers  of  Silos  In  the  world. 
Address  nearest  factory : 

316  Union  Bldg.,  Anderson,  Indiana 
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,r<»-Uood  Agents  wanted  everywhere. 


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Standard  Veterinary  Romedy 
In  Use  2  1  Years 


Trade  Mark 
Registered 


HEAVES  CURED 

NEWTON’S  REMEDY 

Safe,  positive  cure  that  is  Guaranteed  for 
Heaves.  It  gets  at  Ihe  root  of  the  trouble.  A 
scientific  remedy  for  Indigestion,  which  is  thereat 
cause  of  heaves.  Heaves  affect  the  lungs  only 
indirectly.  Newton's  Remedy  drives  out  intes¬ 
tinal  worms  and  is  an  excellent  stomach  and 
bowel  conditioner.  Book  explains  fully,  free.  $1 
per  can,  at  dealers’,  or  sent  direct,  prepaid. 
THE  NEWTON  REMEDY  CO.,  Toledo,  Ohio 


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The  Only  Guaranteed  Meta!  Roofing- ever  put  on  the 
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THE  AMERICA*  (BON  ROOFING  CO.,  Dept.  0,  ELYRIA,  OHIO 


•j 


Every  Borden 
Experiment  Farm 
has  a  Unadilla 


Silage  of  the  highest  quality  is  the 
final  test  of  a  silo.  It  convinced  the 
Bordens  that  the  Unadilla  was  best 
suited  to  the  needs  of  their  great  milk 
farms.  Such  merit  also  indicates  su¬ 
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AND  UPWARD 

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SEPARATOR 

A  brand  new,  well  made,  easy  running,  easily 
cleaned,  perfect  skimming  separator  for  $15.95. 
Skims  one  quart  of  milk  a  minute,  warm  or  cold. 
Makes  thick  or  thin  cream.  Thousands  in  use 
giving  splendid  satisfaction.  Different  from  this 
picture,  which  illustrates  our  low  priced  large 
capacity  machines.  The  bowl  is  a  sanitary  marvel 
and  embodies  all  our  latest  improvements.  Our 
richly  illustrated  catalog  tells  all  about  it.  Our 
wonderfully  low  prices  and  high  quality  on  all 
sizes  and  generous  terms  of  trial  will  astonish  you. 
Our  twenty-year  guarantee  protects  you  on  every 
American  Separator.  Western  orders  filled  from 
Western  points.  Whether  your  dairy  is  large  or 
small,  get  our  great  offer  and  handsome  free 
catalog.  ADDRESS, 

AMERICAN  SEPARATOR 


BOX  1075, 

BA  INBRIDGE,  N.  Y. 


1911. 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


1247 


Crops  and  Markets 

Wholesale  Prices  at  New  York, 

Week  Ending  December  22,  1911. 


BUTTER 


Creamery,  fancy,  lb . 38  @  .39 

Good  to  Choice .  .33  @  .36 

Lower  Grades  . 25  @  .30 

Storage . 27  ®  .36 

State  Dairy,  best . 35  @  .37 

Common  to  Good . 24  ®  .33 

Factory . 20  @  .23 

Packing  Stock . . 17  @  .22 


Elgin,  111.,  batter  market  firm  at  35  cents. 
Boston,  western  creamery,  36  cents. 
Philadelphia,  western  creamery,  39  cents. 


CHEESE 

Full  Cream,  best . 15  @  .16 

Common  to  Good . 12  ®  .14 

Skims . 06  @  .13 

EGG8 

White,  good  to  choice . 48  @  .50 

Mixed  Colors,  best . 42  ®  .44 

Common  to  Good . 35  @  .40 

Western,  best . 40  @  .42 

Under  grades . 18  @  .25 

Checks  and  dirties . 14  @  .20 

gtorage,  prime .  .24  @  .26 

BEANS 

Marrow,  100  lbs . 4.15  @  4.65 

Medium . .  3.90  @  4.15 

Pea .  3.90  @  4.20 

Yellow  Eye . 4.25  ®  4.30 

Bed  Kidney .  . 5.00  ®  5.30 

Lima,  California . 6.50  ®  6.60 

HOPS 

Prime  to  Choice . 54  ©  .56 

Common  to  Good . 52  @  .53 

Pacific  Coast . 45  @  .50 

German  Crop,  new . 93  @  .98 

DU1EO  FBUIT8 


Common  to  good . 07  @  .09 

Sun  dried . 06  ®  .08 

Chops .  02  \&(a)  .03 

Cherries . 19  ®  .21 

Raspberries .  .26  @  .27 

FRESH  FRUITS 

Apples— Spy, bbl . 2.00  @  4.00 

8pitzenburg  . 2.00  @  3.25 

Twenty  Ounce .  2.25  @  3.50 

Ben  Davis .  1.50  @2.50 

Baldwin . 2.00  @  3.00 

Greening . . .  1.75  @  3.25 

King .  .  2.25  @3.00 

Uubbardston . 1.50  @  2.50 

York  Imperial .  1.50  @  3.00 

Western,  box .  1.25  @  3.00 

Pears,  Kieffer,  bbl .  1.00  @  2.75 

Cranberries.  Cape  Cod,  bbl . 6.00  @10.50 

Jersey,  bbl . 7.00  @  8.25 

Grapes,  Concord,  4-lb.  bkt . 12  @  .14 

Catawba . 10  @  .14 

VEGETABLES 

Potatoes— N.  Y.  State,  bbl . 2.65  @  2.85 

Maine,  bag .  2.75  @  2.90 

Long  Island,  bbl . 3.25  @  3.50 

Foreign,  168-lb.  bag . 2.25  @  2.40 

Bermuda,  bbl . 4.00  @6  00 

Sweet  Potatoes,  bbl . 2.00  @  3.50 

Brussels  Sprouts,  qt . 05  @  .08 

Beets,  bbl .  1.00  ffl  1.50 

Carrots,  bbl .  1.00  @  1.75 

Cabbage,  Danish  seed,  ton . 20.00  @25.00 

Domestic  seed,  ton . 14.00  @19.00 

Cauliflowers,  L.  1.,  bbl .  75  @  6.00 

Cucumbers,  Southern,  bu .  2.00  @  3.25 

Kale,  bbl . 55  @  .75 

Chicory,  bbl .  2.00  @  3.00 

Endive,  French,  lb .  . 15  @  ... 

Lettuce.  !4-bbl.  bkt .  75  @2.25 

Onions,  8tateand  Western,  100  lbs...  2.00  @  2.25 

Orange  Co.,  bag . 2.00  @  2.75 

White,  bu .  1.50  @  2.25 

Peppers,  Southern,  carrier . 2.00  @  3.50 

Peas.  Southern,  bu .  3.00  @  9.00 

Btnng  Beans,  bu . 2.00  @  6.00 

Spinach,  bbl . 75  @1.00 

Squash,  Marrow,  bbl .  .60  @  .75 

Hubbard,  bbl . 60  @  .75 

Turnips,  Rutabaga,  bbl . 90  @1.00 

White,  bbl .  1.00  @1.50 

Egg  Plants,  Fla.,  box . : . 3.00  @  5.00 

Tomatoes,  Fla.  Carrier .  2.00  @  4.00 

HOTHOU8K  PRODUCTS 

Cucumbers,  No.  1,  doz .  1.00  @  1.25  ~ 

No.  2,  box .  3.00  @  4.00 

Tomatoes,  lb . 15  @  .35 

Lettuce,  doz . 75  @1.00 

Mushrooms,  lb . 15  @  .40 

Radishes,  100  bunches .  1.50  @  2.50 

LIVE  POULTRY 

Chickens,  lb . 11  @  .U14 

Fowls . 7 . 13  @  .13*6 

Roosters . 07  @  .08 

Ducks . 12  @  .13 

Geese . 12  @  .13 

Turkeys . 13  @  .14 

Guineas,  pair .  A0  @  .50 

DRESSED  POULTRY 

Turkeys,  Spring,  best . 21  @  .22 

Common  to  Good . 14  @  .20 

Chickens,  choice  broilers,  lb . 22  @  25 

Broilers,  common  to  good . 18  @  .21 

Roasters . 15  @  .20 

Fowls .  12  ®  .16 

8pring  Ducks,  lb . 16  @  .19 

Geese . 12  @  .16 

Squabs,  doz .  150  @  4.50 

COUNTRY  DRESSED  MEATS 

Calves,  prime,  lb . 12  @  .13 

Common  to  good . 09  @  .11 

Buttermilks .  .07  @  .08 

Lambs,  hothouse,  bead . 8.00  @11.00 

Roasting  Pigs,  lb. . 04  @  .07 

Pork.  Light . 08  @  .09 

Heavy . 07  %  .07^ 

HAY  AND  STRAW 

Hay,  Timothy  No.  1,  ton . 25.00  @  26.00 

No.  2  . 23.00  @  24.00 

No.  3 . 2O.00  @  21.00 

Clover  Mixed . 19.00  @  24  00 

Clover . 20.00  @  24.00 

Straw,  Rye . 17.00  @  18.00 

Oat  and  Wheat .  . 10.00  @  11.00 

LIVE  STOCK 

Native  Steers,  100  lbs . 5.50  @  7.20 

O-ven . 3.20  @  5.00 

Cows .  1.75  @4.50 

Calves,  Prime  Yeal,  100  lbs . 6.50  @  9.75 

Culls . 4.50  @  6.00 

Sheep,  100  lbs . 2.00  @  4.00 

Lambs . 51)0  @  6.75 

Hogs . 5.25  ©  6.40 

GRAIN 

Wheat,  No.  1.  Northern  Spring . 1.12  @  ... 

No.  2,  Red . 95  ffi  ... 

No.  2  Hard  Winter . 1.08  @  ... 

Corn,  as  to  quality,  bush . 65  ©  .69 

Oats,  as  to  weight,  bush . 50  @  .55 

Rye,  No.  2,  Western . 95  @  .97 

Barley,  choice .  1.15  @1.25 

MILL  FEED — Car  LOTS 

Spring  Bran,  ton .  26  00  @  27.00 

Standard  Middlings .  27.60  @  30.00 

Red  Dog .  31.00  @  32.00 

Hominy  Chop .  29.00  @  30.20 

Linseed  Meal .  39.00  @  39.50 

Corn  Meal . 31.00  @  32.00 

COTTON 

New  York  Middling  Upland . .  9.65 

Middling  Gulf .  9.90 

New  Orleans,  Low  Middling . 8.40 

Good  Middling . .  ....  9'.  50  1 


Prices  in  Hardin  County,  Ohio. 


COMING  FARMERS’  MEETINGS. 


When  you  write  advertisers  mention  Titb 


The  Sharpies 
Mechanical  Milker 

has  been  installed  and  is  giving 

The  Utmost  Satisfaction 

in  many  of  the 

Most  Modern  Stables  of 
High  Priced  Pure  Bred  Cows 

Information,  References  and  Catalog  “  E  ”  showing  all  details. 

DAIRY  SPECIALTY  COMPANY 

_  West  Chester,  Pa. 


As  to  the  prices  of  live  stock,  horses  are 
about  the  average.  Good  farm  mares  weigh¬ 
ing  from  1,300  to  1,000  popnds  in  foal 
will  bring  $150  to  $225.  A  team  of  well- 
mated  mares  will  command  a  price  of  $500 
to  $600.  The  market  for  driving  horses 
is  slow  and  they  are  not  much  in  demand. 
There  are  practically  no  heavy  beef  cattle 
in  the  market  here  now.  Calves  weighing 
from  350  to  450  pounds  are  easily  sold 
at  four  to  five  cents  per  pound  as  feeders. 
Steer  calves  are  more  in  demand  than 
heifers.  Milk  cows  with  calf  at  side,  if 
registered  stock,  bring  $60  to  $100 ;  if 
mixed  breeds,  from  $40  to  $60.  Calves 
eight  to  10  weeks  old  sell  for  $8  to  $12 
per  head  to  be  used  as  veal.  Just  now 
there  is  much  cholera  in  this  section,  yet 
hogs — especially  if  purebred,  are  bringing 
excellent  prices.  Only  yesterday  Mule-foot 
sows  sold  at  public  auction  from  $40  to 
$90:  Poland  Chinas.  Chester  Whites,  etc., 
if  the  host  breeding,  bring  same  prices ; 
if  cross-breeds,  sows  due  to  farrow  in 
March  and  April,  sell  for  $20  to  $40.  Sheep 
are  very  low.  I  saw  sheep  sell  last  year, 
September,  1910.  for  $5.50  to  $6  per  head, 
that  this  Fall  when  placed  on  the  market 
brought  $2  to  $3  per  head.  Yet  the  sheep 
raisers  are  getting  all  they  can  feed  at 
these  prices,  and  seem  eager  buyers.  Hens 
for  breeding  purposes  being  only  the  aver¬ 
age  in  breeding — sell  for  50  to  75  cents, 
pullets  from  40  cents  to  $1.  November  25 
I  bought  30  Barred  Rock  pullets,  April  and 
May  hatched,  fairly  well  developed  only,  at 
51  cents  per  head.  I  brought  them  home 
and  put  in  one  of  my  laying  houses,  where 
I  have  installed  trap-nests,  and  received 
my  first  egg  December  14.  These  are  from 
an  average  farm  strain.  Eggs  to-day  are 
bringing  38  to  40  cents  at  the  retailers,  the 
highest  price  the  retail  merchant  has  paid 
for  years  in  this  community.  No  silage,  or 
manure  is  sold  here.  There  are  only  two 
or  three  silos  in  this  locality.  Yesterday 
good  Timothy  hay  sold  for  $20.05  in  the 
mow,  the  buyer  to  move  same.  In  this 
ease  the  buyer  intends  threshing,  before 
feeding  the  hav.  The  seed  will  bring  him 
about  $8  per  bushel.  Extra  good  clover 
hay  brought  $17.10,  bought  to  feed  sheep 
and  yearling  calves.  Corn  in  shock  sells 
for  an  average  of  about  $1  per  shock,  and 
will  yield  from  1 V2  to  two  bushels  per 
shock.  Fodder  sells  for  10  to  15  cents  a 
shock,  corn  here  being  cut  12  hills  square. 
Many  of  our  farmers  are  now  using  separa¬ 
tors  and  are  selling  only  the  cream,  feeding 
the  skim-milk  to  the  pigs.  A  man  calls 
at  the  door  for  the  cream,  which  is  now 
worth  about  31  cents  per  pound,  butter  fat. 
I  have  here  given  you  truly  rural  prices, 
as  our  little  town  is  six  miles  from  a  rail- 
road,  and  trust  they  may  help  ,  you  reach 
the  general  average  you  are  seeking.  Being 
Isolated  as  we  are  naturally  we  are  very 
much  interested  in  and  in  favor  of  the 
parcels  post,  as  expressage  and  cost  of  the 
six  miles  drayage  leaves  us  but  little  for 
our  labor.  °-  M- 

Roundhead,  Ohio. 


The  Kansas  State  Assessor  finds  that  the 
valuation  for  that  State  is  $1,642.30  per 
head.  This  is  the  highest  per  capita  assess¬ 
ment  value  shown  by  any  State. 

Potato  arrivals  at  New  York  from 
British  ports  are  large,  one  day’s  steamers 
bringing  150,000  bushels.  Prices  have 
been  high  enough  to  net  a  fair  profit  to 
the  foreign  shippers,  about  $2.30  per  sack 
of  168  pounds,  though  some  German  po¬ 
tatoes  of  low  quality  went  at  $1.50. 

Consul  Dunning,  of  Havre,  reports  that 
the  French  crop,  though  larger  than  in 
1910.  is  still  considerably  short  of  home 
requirements  and  quite  large  supplies  will 
be  drawn  from  the  British  Isles,  Belgium, 
Germany  and  Northern  Africa.  During 
1910  imports  amounted  to  220,053  tons,  at 
an  average  value  of  $25  per  ton. 

Greens  for  holiday  decoration  sold  low 
except  for  some  lots  of  specially  fine  holly. 
Large  quantities  of  holly  scant  of  berries 
and  badly  dried  before  packing  brought 
barely  enough  to  pay  freight.  Choice  could 
be  had  for  $1  to  $1.25  per  case.  Wreaths 
sold  better,  50  cents  to  $1  per  dozen,  and 
roping  one  cent  per  yard. 


Sales  in  our  neighborhood  are  as  fol¬ 
lows  :  Wheat,  85  to  90  cents  per  bushel ; 
corn,  50  to  60  cents ;  oats,  45  to  50  cents ; 
potatoes,  $1  to  $1.25 ;  hay,  $18  to  $20  per 
ton;  straw,  $8  to  $10;  horses,  $100  to  $200 
per  head ;  cattle,  three  cents  to  five  cents 
per  pound ;  sheep,  $2  to  $3  per  head ;  hogs, 
six  cents  per  pound ;  chickens,  eight  cents 
per  pound,  live  weight ;  turkeys,  14  cents 
per  pound,  live  weight ;  eggs,  30  cents  per 
dozen ;  butter,  35  cents ;  milk,  five  to  six 
cents  per  quart.  No  silage  sold-. 

Brownsville,  O.  g.  w.  r. 


Winter  Short  Courses,  Cornell  University, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  November  28-February  23. 

N.  Y.  State  Fruit  Growers’  Ass'n,  Ro¬ 
chester,  N.  Y.,  January  3-5. 

Farmers’  Week,  Kingston,  R.  I.,  Decem¬ 
ber  25-30. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Burlington,  Vt., 
December  26-February  24. 

State  Farmers'  Institute,  Manhattan,  Kan¬ 
sas,  December  26-30. 

Farmers’  Week,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J;, 
December  25-.Ianuary  1. 

Farmers’  Week,  State  College,  Pa.,  De¬ 
cember  27-.Tanuary  3. 

American  Breeders’  Ass’n,  Washington, 
D.  C.,  December  28-30. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Ames,  Iowa,  Jan¬ 
uary  2-13. 

Ayrshire  Breeders’  Meetings,  New  York, 

January  11. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Columbus,  O.,  Jan¬ 
uary  2-Fcbruary  23. 

Kentucky  Horticultural  Society,  Lexing¬ 
ton,  January  4. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Amherst,  Mass., 
January  2-March  8. 

Farmers’  Short  Course,  Durham,  N.  II., 
January  4-March  8. 

Farmers’  Week,  Purdue  University,  La¬ 
fayette,  Indiana.  January  8-13. 

Virginia  Horticultural  Society,  Harrison¬ 
burg,  January  10. 

Vermont  Dairymen’s  Ass’n,  Burlington, 
January  9-11. 

Farmers’  Week,  College  Park,  Md.,  Janu¬ 
ary  8-15. 

Corn  Growers’  and  Stockmen’s  Conven¬ 
tion,  Urbana,  Ill.,  January  15-27. 

Live  Stock  Week,  East  Lansing,  Mich., 
January  16-18. 

New  Hampshire  Dairymen's  Ass’n,  .Jan¬ 
uary  17-18. 

Connecticut  Dairymen’s  Ass'n,  Unity  Hall, 
Hartford,  January  17-18. 

Conventions,  Pennsylvania  Live  Stock  and 
Horticultural  Associations.  Duquesne  Gar¬ 
den.  Pittsburgh.  January  15-20. 

Livingston  County,  N.  Y.,  Poultry  Show, 
January  16-19. 

School  for  Honsekeepcrs,  Urbana,  Ill., 
January  15-27. 

N.  ,T.  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  Tren¬ 
ton,  N.  J.,  January  17-19. 

Farmers’  Week,  Canton.  N.  Y..  School  of 
Agriculture,  January  22-27. 

Alabama  Horticultural  Society,  Jasper, 
Ala.,  January  25-27. 

Ohio  Apple  Show,  Marietta,  O.,  January, 
23-20. 

Minnesota  Short  Course,  Minneapolis, 
Minn.,  January  23-February  17. 

Farmers’  Week,  Durham,  N.  II.,  January 
20-February  3. 

St.  Lawrence  Poultry  Show,  Ogdensburg, 
N.  Y.,  January  30-February  2. 

N.  Y.  State  Grange,  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  Feb¬ 
ruary  6-9. 

Ohio  Dairymen’s  Ass'n,  Columbus,  Feb¬ 
ruary  8-9. 

Connecticut  Pomological  Society,  Hart¬ 
ford,  February  7. 

Farmers’  Special  Course,  Morgantown,  W. 
Va.,  February  1-16. 

Poultry  Week,  East  Lansing,  Mich.,  Feb¬ 
ruary  12-17. 

Farmers’  Week.  State  School,  Lyndon  Ctr., 
Vt..  February  12-17. 

Farmers’  Week,  Cornell  University, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  February  19-24. 

Farmers’  Week,  Burlington,  Vt.,  February 
19-24. 

Poultry  Convention,  Amherst,  Mass., 
March  5-8. 

Farmers’  Week,  Amherst,  Mass.,  March 
11-15. 

Farmers’  Short  Course.  Madison,  Wis., 
January  30-February  9. 

New  York  State  Dairymen. 

The  annual  convention  was  held  at 
Olean,  N.  V.,  December  12-13.  Addresses 
were  made  by  Dr.  II.  J.  Webber  on  breed¬ 
ing  ;  •  cooperative  tests,  by  Helmer  Rabild  ; 
animal  nutrition,  by  Dr.  W.  II.  Jordan ; 
milk  in  the  diet,  by  Prof.  Flora  Rose ;  cer¬ 
tified  milk,  by  W.  E.  Miller;  and  market 
defects  in  butter,  by  C.  W.  Fryhofer,  dairy 
expert  at  New  York.  Resolutions  were 
passed  denouncing  the  adulteration  of 
dairy  products  in  any  manor  whatever ; 
recommending  that  the  use  of  the  word 
“Butterine,”  as  used  by  oleomargarine 
makers,  be  made  unlawful ;  against  the  pro¬ 
posed  Canadian  reciprocity  act;  and  en¬ 
dorsing  the  work  of  cow-testing  associa¬ 
tions. 

Officers  elected  were :  E.  H.  Dollar,  Heu- 
velton,  N.  Y.,  president ;  H.  S.  Elwood, 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  vice-president ;  W.  E.  Grif¬ 
fith,  Madrid,  N.  Y.,  secretary;  M.  C.  Greg¬ 
ory,  Unadilla,  N.  Y„  assistant  secretary ; 
R.  R.  Kirkland,  Philadelphia,  N.  Y.,  treas¬ 
urer  ;  directors,  R.  A.  Pearson,  F.  N.  God¬ 
frey,  O.  F.  Ross,  H.  C.  Lange,  W.  N. 
Giles,  L.  C.  Merrill. _ 

There  will  be  an  important  hearing  on 
parcels  post  matters  in  Room  201,  Senate 
Office  Building,  Washington,  D.  C.,  January 
12,  at  11  a.  m. 


R.  N.-Y.  and  you’ll  get  a  quick  reply  and  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 


White  Holland  Turkeys  g|’se  Prized 

Prices  low.  Mbs.  Robt.T.  Davis,  Tally,  Virginia. 


WHITE  HOLLAND  TURKEYS 

Walnut  Hill  Stock  Farm 

NATHANIEL  BACON,  Manager  Talcott,  W.  Va. 


PULLETS  and  YEARLING  HENS  SS 

dottes,  single  and  rose  comb;  Brown  and  W  Leg. 
horns,  R.  I.  Reds;  from  80  cents  per  head  up.  Write 
for  just  what  you  want  and  how  much  you  wish  to 
invest.  Maple  Cove  Poultry  Yards,  R.  24  Athens,  Pa. 


&  WHITE  LEGHORNS 

get  some  of  our  superior  strain  of  Cockerels. 
1  o  introduce  this  strain  and  move  them  quick, 
83.66  each:  two  or  more  81.56  each. 

WILLIAM  H.  PARSIL,  Monmouth  Junction,  New  Jersey 


\A/ANTFn-iIARRIEI)  COUPLE — Man  for  gen¬ 
ii  Mil  I  LU  eral  farm,  good  with  team, $30 month; 
wife  to  board  help,  20e.  meal;  March  1st.  Give 
reference,  as  only  responsible  parties  considered 
SHELDONCROET,  Silveb  Lake,  Pa. 


PLEASE  send  a  trial  shipment  to  the  Oldest  Com 
mission  House  in  New  York.  Est.  1838.  Butter. 
Eggs,  Poultry,  Pork,  Calves,  Hay,  Grain,  Beans, 
Apples,  etc.  E.  B.  WOODWARD,  302  Greenwich  St.,  N.  Y 


Eggs,  Poultry,  Meats,  Produce. 

Shipments  solicited.  JELUFFE,  WRIGHT  S  CO.,  Com¬ 
mission  Merchants.  284  Washington  St.,  New  York. 


POULTRY  AND  HOTHOUSE  LAMBS 

Ship  to  WM,  II.  COHEN  A*  CO.,  CommUkion  Mer> 
chuntH  -  -  -  -  22J>  \V aisli injrtoti  St.,  New  York 


Boston  Produce  Co. 

Commission  Merchants, 

Fruits  and  Produce.  Consignments  Solicited 

93-95  South  Market  St.,  -  Boston. 


The  Rochester  Produce 

&  Commission  Company 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 

Highest  Prices  Paid  for  Butter,  Cheese,  Eggs,  Lard, 
Poultry,  Calves,  Beans,  Potatoes,  Etc. 
244-246  Clinton  Avenue.  North  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 


your  Dressed  Turkeys,  Ducks  and  Geese 

- to - 

GEO.  OLIVER  «&  COMPANY 

1  I  Established  1850 

COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 
West  Washington  Market  New  York,  N.  Y. 
PROMPT  RETURNS 


HANDY  BINDER 


TUST  the  thing  for  preserving  files  of 
The  Rural  New-Yorker.  Durable 
and  cheap.  Sent  postpaid  for  25  cents. 

<Ihe  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
409  Pearl  Street  New  York  City 


TWIN  CYLINDER 

Runs  Laroe  Corn  Shelters  Full  Blast  All  Day  Lono 

Gentlemen:— My  twin  cylinder  “NEW-WAY”  shelled  52 
bushels  in  14  minutes.  Alwuys  starts  easy,  gives  steady 
power.  The  best  engine  made  for  heavy  work. 

Ocheyedan,  Iowa.  Clauss  Jess,  Jr. 

Makes  a  Remarkable  Saving  in  Fuel  and  Oil 

WRITE  US  NOW  FOR  OUR  CATALOG  NO.  6 

TzsTNeteWaY  Mom  Company  ho 

Lakswg,  krcerfGAK  U.S.A.  Sheridan  st. 


CHOOSE  THE  SIZE 


1248 


THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 


December  30.1011. 


HUMOROUS 

“Is  there  a  new  baby  at  your  house, 
Mamie?”  “No’m ;  ’tain’t  new.  It’s  all 
red  and  creased  up,  like  it’s  second 
hand.” — Baltimore  American. 

Little  Freddie  sat  looking  at  the  new 
baby.  Then  he  asked :  “Mamma,  what 
is  the  baby’s  name?”  “The  baby  has 
no  name.”  “Well,  then,  how  does  it 
know  it,  belongs  to  us?” — Woman's 
Journal. 

The  Shortstop:  “Going  to  try  out 
that  new  boy  for  the  team  ?”  Captain : 
“No.  The  minute  I  heard  him  spell 
plenipotentiary,  erysipelas  and  trigo¬ 
nometrical  I  knew  he  wouldn’t  be  no 
use  on  a  ball  nine.” — Puck. 

“Truth,”  said  the  orator  who  quotes, 
“is  at  the  bottom  of  a  well.”  “Yes,” 
replied  Farmer  Corntossel ;  “an’  ain’t  it. 
discouragin’  how  the  well  hev  been  run- 
nin’  dry  this  Summer?” — Washington 
Star. 

“Can’t  you  assume  a  little  more 
pleasing  expression  of  countenance?” 
asked  the  photographer.  “Y-yes,  sir,” 
hesitatingly  answered  the  sitter.  “Wait 
a  minute  and  I’ll  take  off  these  new 
shoes.” — Chicago  Tribune. 

Vox  Populi  :  “Do  you  think  you’ve 
boosted  your  circulation  by  giving  a 
year’s  subscription  for  the  biggest  po¬ 
tato  raised  in  the  country?”  The  Edi¬ 
tor  :  “Mebbe  not,  but  I  got  four  barrels 
of  samples.” — Philadelphia  Telegraph. 


Your  Choice 


“Do  these  city  boarders  of  yours  make 
themselves  at  home?”  asked  the  neigh¬ 
bor.  “Nope,”  replied  Farmer  Corn¬ 
tossel.  “Some  o’  them  would  never 
think  of  actin’  the  way  they  do  if  they 
was  in  their  own  homes.” — Washington 
Star. 


of  Any  of  These  New  Style 
Genuine  Edison  Phonographs 

SHIPPED  FREE!! 


“What  do  you  do  when  you  answer  a 


The  Edison!  Th" 


Mminp  Edison — Thomas  A.  Edison’s  new 


call  and  find  that  the  patient  isn’t  in¬ 
jured  enough  to  take  to  the  hospital?” 
“In  a  case  of  that  kind,”  replied  the  am¬ 
bulance  surgeon,  nonchalantly,  “on  the 
way  back  we  generally  pick  up  one  of 
the  pedestrians  we  ran  over.”' — Life. 

“What  in  the  world  do  you  want 
with  so  many  garden  seeds?”  inquired 
the  patient  California  Congressman. 
“You  surely  don’t  plant  all  of  them.” 
“No,”  replied  the  constituent.  “We  put 
a  little  milk  and  sugar  on  them  and  use 
them  for  breakfast  food. — Woman’s 
Journal. 

“I  done  heard  it  read  in  de  paper,” 
said  Uncle  Rasberry,  “dat  some  o’ 
deshere  flyin’  machine  gemmem  says  a 
man  kin  do  anything  a  bird  kin.” 
“That’s  what  they  say.”  “Well,  when 
any  of  ’em  sees  a  human  sit  fas’  asleep, 
holdin’  on  to  a  tree  branch  wif  his  feet, 
I  sho’  wishes  dey’d  call  me  to  have  a 
look.” — Washington  Star. 


SAVE  HALF  Your 
Paint  Bills 

By  using  INGERSOLL  PAINT— proved 
best  by  66  years’  use.  It  will  please  you. 
Only  Paint  endorsed  by  the  “Grange. ” 
Made  in  all  colors, — for  all  purposes. 
DELIVERED  FREE. 

From  the  Mill  Direct  to  You  at  Factory  Prices. 
INGERSOLL  PAINT  BOOK  — FREE 

Telle  all  about  Paint  and  Painting  f~r  Durability. 
How  to  avoid  trouble  and  expense  caused  by  paint* 
fading,  chalking  and  peeling.  Valuable  information 
froo  to  yon,  with  Sample  Color  Cards.  Writ#  me.  DO 
IT  HOW.  I  can  save  yon  money. 

0.  W.  Ingersoll,  246  Plymouth  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 


Make  Your  Old 
Wagon  New 

Just  as  strong  and  as  good  as  ever 
i  and  more  convenient.  Write  us  and 
let  us  show  you  how  cheaply  wa 
can  fit  your  old  running  gear  with 
our  superb 

Electric 


Wheels 


which  put  an  end  to  all  break-downs. 
No  shrinking  or  drying  apart  or  tire 
Betting.  Makes  your  wagon  a  real  handy  wagon.  Our 
48  page  book  shows  you  why  no  other  wagon  wheels  in 
the  world  equal  the  famous  Electric  Steel  Wheels. 
Heading  It  will  Saveyou  time,  money  and  horse  flesh. 
It’s  free.  Write  for  it  to-day  to 

^ELECTRIC  WHEEL  CO.,  Box  48,  Quincy.  IIL 


style  instrumr  shippr  positively  and  absolutely  FREE ! 

You  do  not  tc  j  us  a  single  penny  either  now  or 
later  on  this  free  loan.  No  deposit — no  guarantee — no 
C.  O.  D.  payment  to  us. 

Mr.  Edison  Says: 

“ I  want  to  see  a  phono - 
graph  in  every  home  ” 

The  Edison  Offer: 

Get  any  of  the  new  style  instilments  shown 
above — take  your  choice  of  Edison  records  also. 
Simply  get  the  phonograph  and  the  records  and 
use  them  free  just  as  though  they  were  your  own. 

Entertain  yourself,  your  family  and  friends  too,  if  3^011  wish — with  everything, 
from  the  catchiest,  newest,  most  popular  songs,  side-splitting  minstrel  and 
vaudeville  monologues,  to  the  famous  grand  operas,  Amberol  and  other  records 
sung  by  the  world’s  greatest  artists.  Now  remember — all  this  entertainment 
is  free!  After  you  have  had  all  this  entertainment  absolutely  free — then  you 
may  simply  send  the  outfit  right  back  to  me — and  1  Will  pay  the  freight. 

MV  RFA^OM  When  you  get  the  free  concerts  in  your  own  home,  I  am  sure  you  will 
4  be  glad  to  make  your  neighbors  and  friends  hear  the  new  style  Edison. 

It’s  almost  sure  someone  will  want  to  buy  such  an  outfit.  Perhaps  you  yourself  will  want  to 
keep  it,  either  for  cash  or  at  $2.00  a  month.  But  if  you  do  not  find  it  worth  the  $2.00  a  month 
to  you,  you  are  to  judge  and  you  may  return  it  at  our  expense.  If  none  of  your  friends 
happens  to  want  an  Edison  just  now,  we’ll  be  glad  anyway,  that  we  sent  you  the  new  style 
Edison  and  convinced  you  and  your  neighbors  of  the  splendid  superiority  of  the  new 
style  Edison  phonograph.  Sooner  or  later  you  or  your  neighbors  will  buy.  And  that’s 
our  way  of  advertising  this  new  Edison. 


Wonderful  Edison  Catalog  Free 


Get  our  handsome  Free  Edison 
Catalog  and  list  of  Amberol  records 
so  you  can  select  just  the  machine 
and  the  songs,  recitations,  etc., 
that  jtou  want  to  hear  on  this 
ultra-generous  offer.  Remember 
there  is  absolutely  no  obligation. 


If  you  enjoy  good  music  and  the 
finest  and  most  varied  entertain¬ 
ment,  or  if  you  want  to  give  your 
family  and  friends  a  treat  such  as 
they  could  not  get  by  any  other 
means,  then  you  should  certainly 
investigate  this  remarkable  offer. 


EDISON  PHONOGRAPH  DISTRIBUTERS 

F.  K.  Babson,  Vice  President  and  Manager 

EDISON  BLOCK  dept.  8299  CHICAGO,  ILL. 


Western  Office:  65  Post  Street,  San  Francisco  Canadian  Office:  355  Portage  Ave.,  Winnipeg 


I 

I 

I 


FREE  COUPON 

EDISON  PHONOGRAPH  DISTRIBUTERS 

F.  K.  Babson,  Vice  President  and  Manager 

EDISON  BLOCK  dept.  8299  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

Western  Office:  65  Post  Street,  San  Francisco  Canadian  Office:  355  Portage  Ave  ,  Winnipeg 

Without  any  obligation  on  me,  please  send  me  your  great  Edison  Catalog  and 
explain  your  Free  Offer  on  my  choice  of  a  new  style  Edison  Phonograph. 


Name 


Address 


282 


I 

I 

I 


j 

Power  at  Low  Cost 

Kerosene  as  Fuel 

HERE  is  Power  for  you  that  can  always  be 
relied  upon.  The  Colton  Modern  Kerosene 
Engine  is  the  most  economical,  simplest  and 
most  reliable  Farm  Power  Plant  yet  invented.  Its 
many  new  improved  patented  features  are  most 
valuable  and  are  not  found  on  any  other  engine. 
Power  is  constant,  speed  regulated  without  stopping 
engine— adjusts  itself  instantly  to  any  overload— no 
cranking  to  start  it. 

bet  this  wonderful  engine  demonstrate  its  unusual 
value  to  you.  Connect  it  to  your  water  system, 
lighting  system,  pumps  or  any  other  machinery.  If 
it  doesn’t  prove  a  great  money  and  labor  saver, 
return  it  and  get  your  money  back. 

The  Colton  operates  perfectly  on  kerosene,  the 
most  economical  and  satisfactory  fuel.  Kerosene  can 
be  purchased  anywhere  at  about  half  the  cost  of  gas¬ 
oline,  is  much  safer  to  handle  and  gives  more  power 
gallon  for  gallon,  than  gasoline.  Gasoline,  alcohol’ 
distilate,  and  other  fusel  oil  may  also  be  used. 

Positive,  Unconditional  Guaranty 

Every  Colton  is  sold  under  a  positive,  unqualified 

f  uarantee  to  give  satisfactory  service  or  money  ro¬ 
unded.  Our  company  lias  been  established  27  years. 
You  need  an  engine  on  your  farm— so  investigate 

the  Colton— the  latest 
development  in  en¬ 
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Get  it  on  trial  and 
compare  its  simple, 
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You  will  see  it  oper¬ 
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more  power  per  rat¬ 
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you  ever  saw.  Send 
for  tree  engine  book 
at  once. 

Arthur  Colton  Co. 

201  Brush  St.  I 
Detroit  -  Mich.  I 


Rnn  on  gasoline, kerosene, dia- 
tillate,  any  cheap  fuel  oil. 
Cost  less  to  operate,  develop 
more  power.  Patent  throttlo 
gives  thrtt  engines  at  pries 
of  one.  Many  other  exclusive 
features. 

30  Days’  Free 

Guaranteed 
Here's 
do  away 

and  save  money,  time 
and  labor.  Absolutely 
the  best  engine  for 
farm  use. 

Write  for  catalogue. 


ELLIS  ENGINE  00. 

15  MuHet  St.,  Detroit,  Mich. 


MIDDLEDITCH 

KEROSENE 

ENGINES 


Give  most  power  with  least 
expense  for  fuel.  Run  on 
Comrapn  coal  oil,  gasoline, 
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—easiest  to  start— smooth¬ 
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our  30  days’ 

Genuine 

Most  liberal  trial  proposition 
ever  made.  It  you  are  not  per¬ 
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ready  for  delivery.  Write  lor 
iutroductory  prices.  They 
will  surprise  you. 


THE  MIDDLEDITCH  ENGINE  CO.. 
29  Meldrum  Ave.,  Detroit,  Mich. 


GASOLINE  ENGINES 

6  Horse  Power ,  $125 

SAW  WAGONS  CIRCULAR  SAWS 

PUMPING 
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ICE  AND 
HAY  HOISTS 

Catalog  R 
Free 


PALMIER  BROS., 

Cos  Cob,  Conn. 


Lowest  Cost — Best  Service 

NO  matter  what  your  power  needs 
write  at  once, for  the  Leffel 
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about  engines.  Get  posted 
on  what’s  what  in  the  power 
world.  Don't  make  a  mistake. 

Buy  right  the  first  time.  Thou¬ 
sands  of  Leffel  engines  are  dis¬ 
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us  prove  it  to  you. 

LEFFEL  . . . 

Steam  Engines 

work  harder  at  less  cost  than 
any  other  engine  you  could 
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any  old  wood  or  rubbish  around  the  place  for  fuel. 
WRITE  FOR  FREE  BOOK  Don’t  decide  on  your 
engine  before  you  get  the  Leffel  Book  that  tells 
all  the  facts  about  Gasoline  and  Steam  power 
outfits  and  their  relative  value  to  you.  Don’t 
wait— write  postal  now.  Address 
lames  Leffel  &  Company 
Box  264,  Springfield,  Ohio. 


B 


a 


FUMA 


99  kill*  Prairie  Dogs, 
Woodchucks,  Gophers, 
and  Grain  Insects. 
“The  wheels  of  the  gods 
grind  slow  but  exceed¬ 
ingly  small.”  So  the  weevil,  but  you  can  stop  their 

with  “Fuma  Carbon  Bisulphide  are  doing. 

EDWARD  K.  TAYLOR,  Fean  Yan,  N.  Y. 


. 


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